bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Language Screening Test (LAST) for Patients in the Acute Phase of Stroke
Authors:   Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mousavi Seyyede Zohreh , Jafari Reyhaneh ,   Department of Communication Science and Disorders, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA., Maroufizadeh3 Saman ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran., Shahramnia Mohammad Moez ,   Department of Speech Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Pourmohammadi Mahsa ,   Department of Speech Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Jalilehvand Nahid ,   Department of Speech Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Background & Objectives: Aphasia is one of the most common consequences of a stroke; thus, screening tests for early diagnosis of the problem are necessary when dealing with aphasia patients. One of these screening tests is the Language Screening Test (LAST). The purpose of this study was to translate, validate, and utilize this test in the Persian language for patients after stroke. Methods: The original version of LAST was translated into Persian, and then administrated on 100 patients in the acute phase by two examiners at the patient’s bedside in order to check the inter-rater reliability. To assess the agreement between the two forms (a and b) of the LAST, Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC), weighted Kappa, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used. Also, the Persian version of LAST and the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) were performed at the chronic phase with two independent examiners with blind scoring. Results: Inter-rater reliability between Rater 1 and Rater 2 on LAST-a and LAST-b score were very good for both phases. The CCC for LAST-a and LAST-b, respectively, were 0.874 and 0.865 for the acute phase and 0.923 and 0.927 for the chronic phase. The weighted Kappa for LAST-a and LAST-b, respectively, were 0.750 and 0.740 for the acute phase, and 0.822 and 0.846 for the chronic phase. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that LAST is a very simple, fast, and valid test and can be used as a reliable tool in stroke patients. Lack of cultural and language dependency are the advantages of using this test.
Comparative Analysis Research Methods of Political Discourse
Authors: Demkina Ya. Yu.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The article compares the methods of researching political discourse with special attention to linguistic methods, in particular, to discourse analysis and cognitive and rhetorical approaches. These methods are widely used to study political speeches, statements, texts. Increasingly, political discourse is seen as a social phenomenon, not only at the discursive but also on the cognitive and rhetorical levels. The object of this study is methods of analysis of political discourse allowing to study the position of a politician in the discursive sphere and to identify the character of his audience. The subject of the analysis are examples from Joe Biden's political speeches, seen as an instrument of influence, persuasion in the process of speaking to the electorate. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to develop arguments to choose a particular approach to political discourse, especially cognitive and rhetorical, as well as discourse analysis, which allow to reveal veiled meanings of political statements and consider the methods of persuasion of the electorate.

Methodology and data sources. The subject of the analysis are examples of Joe Biden’s political speeches, seen as an instrument of influence, persuasion in the process of speaking to the electorate. To compare approaches the study of political discourse, descriptive and comparative methods are used, the effectiveness of different approaches and methods is illustrated by specific examples of linguistic interpretation of discursive features of publications and speeches, revealing the ambitions of the politician most fully. A method of quantitative counting is also used.

Results and discussion. The use of descriptive and comparative methods makes it possible to compare different approaches to the study of political texts and speeches, to discuss the relationship of heterogeneous methods, to identify the most effective methods of studying discourse. The result of the article was the conclusions about the effectiveness of different approaches to the study of the language of politicians at discursive, cognitive and rhetorical levels. Comparison of methods of research of political discourse distinguishes discourse-analysis among other methods of analysis. The use of discourse analysis to study political discourse reveals the functions of discourse, for example, manipulative, selective and combined functions related to political goals. The use of critical discourse analysis allows you to identify these functions most fully.

Conclusion. The study of political discourse can be carried out at different levels, but the discursive level compared to cognitive and rhetorical levels is the most effective from a linguistic point of view. Discourse analysis allows to explore political discourse at more qualitative different level than rhetorical and other linguistic methods of research. Discourse analysis is presented as a method of researching hidden meanings in politics in this article.
Örgüt Kültürünün İnovatif Davranış Eğilimleri İle İlişkisinde Öz Yeterlilik Algısının Aracılık Rolü ve Bir Uygulama
Authors: HASIRCI Itır , ÖRÜCÜ Edip
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı örgüt kültürünün inovatif davranış eğilimleri (inovasyon) üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek ve bu etkide öz yeterlilik algısının aracılık rolünü tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla ‘’Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği’’, ‘’İnovasyon Ölçeği’’ ve ‘’Örgüt Kültürü Ölçeği’ nden oluşan, demografik sorularla birlikte 58 soruluk bir anket formu aracılığıyla veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni Balıkesir’in Bandırma İlçesi’nde bulunan bir kamu iktisadi teşebbüsünde çalışmakta olan 350 beyaz yakalı çalışandır, çalışmanın örneklemi ise 223 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen verilerle güvenilirlik analizi, frekans analizi, normallik testi, keşfedici faktör analizi, çoklu korelasyon analizi ve hiyerarşik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Çoklu korelasyon analizi öz yeterlilik algısı, inovatif davranış eğilimleri ve örgüt kültürü arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Aracı değişkenle yapılmış olan hiyerarşik regresyon analizi ise değişkenlerin birbirlerine olan etkilerini tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Regresyon analizlerinin neticelerinde örgüt kültürünün inovatif davranış eğilimleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu, örgüt kültürünün öz yeterlilik algısı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu, öz yeterlilik algısının inovatif davranış eğilimleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu ve örgüt kültürünün inovatif davranış eğilimleri üzerindeki etkisinde öz yeterlilik algısının aracılık etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İleride yapılacak çalışmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Deizme Götüren Sebepler
Authors: ULUTAŞ Yasin
Published: June 2021

Vahiy ve akıl Allah’ın insana bahşettiği en önemli iki bilgi kaynağıdır. İnsan kendi alanı içerisinde birini diğerine mahkûm etmeden bu iki bilgi kaynağına yer verdiği takdirde insanlık büyük başarılar elde edecektir. İnsan bazen bu iki bilgi kaynağını birini diğerine karşı silah olarak kullanmıştır. Orta çağda özellikle Hıristiyanlık dinini temsil eden kilise ve bağlı otoriteler tahrif ettikleri dini kullanarak toplumu sömürmüşlerdir. Dinde yapılan tahrifatlar ve sömürü gerçek dinmiş gibi akıl dışı yöntemlerle savunularak halkın üzerinde baskı aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Buna mukabil aklı vahyin yerine koyan deistler tahrif edilmiş vahyi reddettikleri gibi gerçek vahyi de reddederek kendilerini en önemli bilgi kaynağı olan vahiyden yoksun bırakmışlardır. Onları bu yola sevk eden birçok faktör mevcuttur. Bunların en önemlisi bilim ve teknolojinin gelişmesiyle beraber zenginleşen toplumların seküler bir hayat sürmesidir. Bununla beraber okullarda dini, tabi ve beşeri ilimlerin beraber okutulmaması, dindar olanların dini yorumlarını din gibi algılamaları, dindar olmayanların ise gerçek din ile sahtesini aynı kefeye koyarak bütün dinleri reddetmeleri ve aklın kendileri için yeterli olduğunu iddia etmeleri deizme götüren sebeplerin başında gelir.
Yerel Gastronomi Ürünlerine Ait Hikâyelerin Destinasyon Pazarlamasında Kullanılmasına İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KARDEŞ ÇOLAKOĞLU Nazlı , SARIIŞIK Mehmet
Published: June 2021

Hikâyeler, olayların nesilden nesile aktarımını sağlayan bir iletişim aracı olarak, kültürel turizmin sürdürülebilirliğinde önemli bir rol oynamakta ve destinasyonlara farklı bir çekicilik unsuru katarak benzersiz bir rekabet avantajı kazandırmaktadır. Başlı başına destinasyon çekicilik unsuru olduğu bilinen yerel yiyeceklerin ana tema olarak kullanıldığı hikâye anlatımı uygulamaları bilinirlik sağlama, tüketicide merak uyandırma ve yerel yiyeceklerin tek başına elde edebileceği çekicilik başarısından fazlasını elde edebilme noktasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Hikâye ve yerel yiyecek gibi iki çekici unsurun bir arada kullanımı merak uyandırmaktan daha da etkili olacaktır. Gastronomik ürünlerin pazarlanmasında hikayelerin kullanımının araştırıldığı bu çalışma bir alan yazın taramasıdır. Çalışmada turizmde destinasyon çekicilik unsuru olan yerel yiyeceklerin pazarlanmasında; hikâye anlatımı ve gastronomi biliminin, bir arada, nasıl kullanılabileceği ve nelerin göz önüne alınması gerektiği açıklanmaktadır. Hikâye anlatımının ne şekilde kullanılması durumunda ülke/bölgeye hangi faydaları sağlayabileceği, Türkiye’ de hangi ürünlerin bu çalışmalar içinde yer bulabileceği, duygulara hitap etme ve hafızada yer tutma becerisi ile gastronomi biliminin birleştirilmesinin potansiyel turiste hitap etme gücünün ne boyutta olabileceği araştırılmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonunda gastronomik ürünlerin pazarlama çalışmalarında hikâyelerin kullanılmasına ilişkin öneriler sunulmaktadır.
Müfessir Celal Yıldırım’ın İlmî Çalışmaları, Kur’ân Tasavvuru ve Din Eğitimi Hakkındaki Görüşleri
Authors: ŞEN Ercan
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma Cumhuriyet dönemi âlim ve müfessirlerinden Celal Yıldırım’ın hayatı ve ilmî çalışmaları ile Kur’ân tasavvuru ve din eğitimi hakkındaki bazı görüşlerini konu edinmektedir. Celal Yıldırım bir tefsir sahibi olması açısından müfessir, yıllarca müftülük yapması bakımından din eğitimcisi, dinî ilimlerin çeşitli alanlarında eserler kaleme alması yönüyle düşünür ve yazar olması açısından birkaç hususiyeti şahsında temsil etmektedir. Bu bakımdan onun zihnî dünyasının yönelimleri ve düşünce birikiminin tartışılması son derece önem taşımaktadır. Zira Yıldırım’ın, yetişme koşullarından içinde bulunduğu iklimlere kadar entelektüel serüveninin bazı yönlerden ele alınması Cumhuriyet Türkiye’sini dinî ve ilmî açılardan değerlendirebilme konusunda bir nebze yardımcı olacaktır. Yıldırım, Cumhuriyet dönemini ve devrimlerini yakından idrak etmiş birisi olarak büyük bir kültür değişimine uğrayan toplumun meselelerini iyi analiz etmiştir. Bu süreçte meydana gelen zarurî ve meşru değişimleri benimseyerek İslam dininin Türk toplumunda gereken yeri alabilmesi için yazdığı eserleriyle, irşad faaliyetleriyle yaygın din eğitimine önemli hizmetlerde bulunmuştur. Çalışmada üç aşamalı bir yol izlenmiştir. Bu çerçevede Yıldırım’ın hayatına kısaca değinildikten sonra ilmî çalışmaları değerlendirilmiş, ardından bir müfessir olarak Kur’ân tasavvuru ve bir eğitimci olarak din eğitimi hakkındaki görüşleri onun ilmî ve dinî birikiminin özü konumundaki İlmin Işığında Asrın Kur’ân Tefsiri isimli tefsiri merkeze alınarak irdelenmiştir.
Covid-19 Sürecinde Hastane Çalışanlarının Yaşadığı Duygusal Tükenme Algıladıkları Aşırı İş Yükü İle Açıklanabilir Mi?
Authors: ERER Beyza
Published: June 2021

Günümüzde bütün Dünyayı etkisi altına alan Covid-19 salgını insan sağlığı üzerinde ciddi etkiler bırakmasının yanı sıra olumsuz psikolojik etkilere de neden olmaktadır. Salgın sürecinde hastane çalışanlarının iş yükünün artmasına bağlı olarak duygusal olarak tükendikleri ve bu durumun da başta kendileri olmak üzere ailelerini, çalışma arkadaşlarını sosyal çevresini ve çalıştığı kurumu derinden etkilediği gözlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla hastane çalışanlarının duygusal tükenme yaşamalarına etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu kapsamda araştırmanın temel amacı, hastane çalışanlarının aşırı iş yükü algılarının yaşamış oldukları duygusal tükenmeye etkisinin olup olmadığının belirlenmesidir. Ayrıca duygusal tükenmenin bazı demografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi araştırmanın alt amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bunun için iki özel hastanenin 237 çalışanından anket tekniği kullanılarak veriler toplanmış ve veriler SPSS ve AMOS paket programları ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda hastane çalışanlarının aşırı iş yükü algılarının duygusal tükenmelerini pozitif yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca hastane çalışanlarının duygusal tükenmelerinin görev türüne göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği ve yardımcı sağlık personelin idari personele göre daha fazla duygusal tükenme yaşadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Ferdinand David'in Çok Yönlü Müzikal Kimliğiyle Dönemine ve Günümüze Etkileri
Authors: AKÇAY Faruk Eren
Published: June 2021

19. yüzyılda Almanya’da etkili olan romantizm akımı müzik alanında klasik dönemden sonra birçok yeniliği beraberinde getirmiştir. Müzikteki yenilikler keman çalımında da birçok değişime yol açarak Alman Keman Okulu’nun özünü bulmasını sağlamıştır. 19. yüzyıl bu sebeple Alman Keman Okulu için bir altın çağdır. Alman Keman Okulu’nun bu çağı yaşamasında müzikteki değişimlerin yanı sıra dönemin kemancılarının da etkisi olduğu görülmektedir. Ferdinand David bu dönemin önemli kemancılarından biridir. Ünlü kemancı 1810 yılında Hamburg’da doğmuş, keman eğitimine yine bu dönemin önemli isimlerinden olan Louis Spohr ile başlamıştır. Louis Spohr’la yaptığı çalışmalar sonucu solist olarak birçok şehirde sayısız konser vermiş ve ülkesinde erken yaşta tanınmıştır. David aynı zamanda Mendelssohn’un yakın arkadaşıdır. Yıllar süren dostlukları boyunca Alman müziğinin gelişimi için gayret göstermişlerdir. Mendelssohn’un Leipzig Gewandhaus Orkestrası’ndaki direktörlüğü ve David’in başkemancılığı sayesinde Leipzig şehri müzik alanında büyük önem kazanmıştır. Leipzig Konservatuvarı için gerçekleştirdikleri katkılar da şehrin müziğinin daha sonraki nesillere aktarımını sağlamıştır. Ferdinand David günümüzde çoğunlukla besteciliğiyle anılmaktadır. 1837 yılında yazdığı trombon konçertinosunun günümüzde çok kez seslendirilmesi bestecilik yönüyle anılmasının sebeplerindendir. Ayrıca yaşamı ve icracılığı hakkındaki kaynak eksikliği ünlü kemancının bestecilik yönünün daha ön planda olmasına yol açmaktadır. Birçok ülkenin çok sesli müzik icrasına etki etmiş olan Alman Keman Okulu’nun kurucularından biri olarak Ferdinand David’in keman eğitimi ve icracılığına önemli etkileri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu etkiler Ferdinand David’in yaşamıyla birlikte bu çalışma içerisinde incelenmiştir.
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCHES OF THE DEPOSITION OF ASPHALT-RESINOUS SUBSTANCES, PARAFFIN, AND MODELING METHODS. REVIEW PART II: WAX DEPOSITION
Authors:   M.Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, NAS of Azerbaijan, Manafov M.R. , Aliyev G.S. ,   M.Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, of NAS of Azerbaijan, Rustamova A.I. ,   M.Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, NAS of Azerbaijan, Kerimli V.I. ,   M.Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, of NAS of Azerbaijan
Published: June 2021

The mechanism of paraffin formation in transport pipes is briefly discussed. A kinetic model of the formation and wax deposition from oil is proposed. Comparison of the model with the available experimental data gave satisfactory results. The review considers software tools for modeling the wax deposition process. It is noted that the simulation results are not always applicable to real field cases. For a more reliable interpretation, the scaling effect must be taken into account. In the work various technologies for wax removal are considered
PROCESSING OF ZAGLIK ALUNITE ORE BY HEAP AND TANK LEACHING
Authors:   M.Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, NAS of Azerbaijan, Heydarov A.A. , Kashkai Ch.M. ,   Institute of Geology and Geophysics, NAS of Azerbaijan
Published: June 2021

The present work is continuation of our investigations on heap leaching, suggested for the first time. Various variants of alkaline leaching of alunite from alunite ore without preliminary roasting have been studied. In present work the parameters of heap and tank alkaline leaching of alunite ore have been determined. The proposed methods can also be used to extract aluminum from poor alunite rocks. At alunite was washed 17 times with 3% NaOH solution, the degree of weight loss was 30.65%, while with 14 times washing with 10% alkali solution, the weight loss was 47.82 %. The results obtained are also typical for percolation leaching. An increase in alkali concentration and temperature intensifies the leaching process. At a ratio of solid and liquid phases of 1:5, a stirring speed of – 700 cycles/min, and an alkali concentration of 110.9 g/l, at 800C within 60 minutes’ alunite dissolves up to 96% and goes into solution with accompanying components
MODELING THE PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE Tl9TbTe6–Tl4PbTe3–Tl9BiTe6 SYSTEM
Authors:   M.Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, NAS of Azerbaijan, Imamaliyeva S.Z. , Alakbarzade G.I. ,   Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency, Mamedov A.N. ,   M.Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, NAS of Azerbaijan; Azerbaijan Technical University, Babanly M.B. ,   M.Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, of NAS of Azerbaijan
Published: June 2021

The analytical multi 3D model of phase diagram of the Tl9TbTe6–Tl8Pb2Te6–Tl9BiTe6 system was obtained as temperature dependence on the composition using the Multipurpose Genetic Algorithm (MGA). It was determined that the system is characterized by the formation of continuous solid solutions with tetragonal Tl5Te3-type structure (δ-phase). The boundaries of the uncertainty band for the liquidus and solidus surfaces of the δ-phase and the TlTbTe2 compound are determined. The thermodynamic functions of mixing of the solid solutions depending on the composition and temperature are determined based on the model of regular solutions of non-molecular compounds. It was established that the δ-phase possess thermodynamic stability in the entire concentration interval
EFFECT OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON OXIDATIVE ETHYLBENZENE DEHYDROGENATION IN THE PRESENCE OF ALUMINUM-CHROMIUM CATALYSTS
Authors:   Yu.Mammadaliyev Institute of Petrochemical Processes, NAS of Azerbaijan, Mamedova M.T.
Published: June 2021

In order to create a more efficient process for the production of styrene from ethylbenzene by selective oxidation of the resulting hydrogen, model aluminum-chromium catalysts with different modifier (Cu) contents were prepared, and O2, CO2 and a mixture of CO2:air were used as an oxidant. It has been es-tablished that the process of obtaining of styrene from ethylbenzene on alumochromic catalysts is characterized by a high intensity. Alumochromic catalysts modified by Cu and promoted by 15 mass.% K2CO3 in the presence of carbon dioxide increase the conversion of ethylbenzene by 14%, and the selectivity of the formation of styrene by 10% as a result of the transferring dehydrogenation of compaction products to the products of oxidative compaction. The presence of oxygen in the oxidizing mixture CO2:air blocks the participation of carbon dioxide in the selective oxidation of hydrogen isolating at the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. It has been established that the most selective alumochromic catalysts in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene contain 1.5–2.5 mass.% of the modifying component (Cu)
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COBALT OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES. A BRIEF REVIEW
Authors:   Baku State University, Mammadyarova S.J.
Published: June 2021

The newest achievement in the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles are considered. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles have attracted a great attention due to their uncommon properties and application in a supercapacitor, optoelectronic device, Li-ion battery gas sensor and electrochromic devices. Recently, nanostructured transition metal oxides with valuable properties have become a new class of materials for many technological fields. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles obtained from various precursors show different size distribution as well as different optical, electrical, magnetic, and electrochemical properties. A reduction in particle size to nanometer-scale leads to changes in properties compared to bulk ones due to quantum size effects. Depending on the application area, the choice of an appropriate synthesis method for nanoparticles with desirable properties is a crucial factor. This work aims to provide additional information on the synthesis methods and properties of cobalt oxide nanoparticles
Ricerca sul campo: un’analisi comparativa tra metodi convenzionali, biologici e sostenibili di produzione del pomodoro
Authors: Mazzei João Roberto Fortes , Freire Estevão , Serra Eduardo Gonçalves , Macedo José Ronaldo de , Oliveira Angélica Castanheira de , Bastos Lucia Helena Pinto , Cardoso Maria Helena Wohlers Morelli
Published: June 2021

L’agricoltura rappresenta uno dei principali pilastri dell’economia brasiliana, la sua importanza è legata alla sicurezza alimentare e alla generazione di opportunità di lavoro. Tuttavia, è necessario avere una riflessione critica sulla sostenibilità della semina. Tra i diversi tipi di colture, il pomodoro si è distinto come uno dei frutti più piantati e consumati al mondo. Questo articolo fornisce una valutazione comparativa tra tre tipi di piantagione di pomodori: convenzionale, biologica e sostenibile (TOMATEC®), dalla preparazione del terreno alla commercializzazione sul mercato. Il lavoro è stato svolto nel nord dello stato di Rio de Janeiro, insieme a gruppi che producono i frutti in questi tre tipi di impianto. La metodologia si è basata su un questionario non strutturato, con risposte libere, applicato agli agricoltori della regione. Riteniamo che questo studio contribuirà all’orientamento della società attraverso i dati ottenuti da criteri di elaborazione delle informazioni seri. I principali risultati hanno mostrato, attraverso il sistema di impianto sostenibile di EMBRAPA (innovazione), che è possibile utilizzare pesticidi con consapevolezza ambientale e produrre frutti privi di residui. Le malattie, nel sistema convenzionale, sono controllate mediante l’applicazione di fungicidi e battericidi. Nella piantagione sostenibile viene utilizzata una miscela di detersivo fatto in casa con olio di soia, miscela bordolese, latte vaccino, fungicidi da contatto e fungicidi sistemici, e nel sistema di produzione biologico è comune non lasciare che la malattia si depositi nella pianta, attraverso il controllo preventivo della preparazione e protezione del suolo. Nella disinfestazione, il sistema convenzionale esegue l’applicazione di insetticidi composti da diversi principi attivi. Nel sistema organico, il controllo degli insetti è privilegiato bilanciando il suolo, con questo le piante acquisiscono una maggiore resistenza a malattie e parassiti. Nel sistema sostenibile non esiste un trattamento preventivo, ma curativo. I prezzi di mercato della frutta per le piantagioni convenzionali oscillano e dipendono dall’offerta, mentre i pomodori provenienti da sistemi biologici e sostenibili non oscillano. La produzione biologica non ha la capacità installata per soddisfare le richieste del mercato. Con questo, il sistema sostenibile ha guadagnato spazio nel mercato e si è espanso nel sud-est e nel sud del paese.
Investigación de campo: un análisis comparativo entre métodos convencionales, orgánicos y sostenibles de producción de tomate
Authors: Mazzei João Roberto Fortes , Freire Estevão , Serra Eduardo Gonçalves , Macedo José Ronaldo de , Oliveira Angélica Castanheira de , Bastos Lucia Helena Pinto , Cardoso Maria Helena Wohlers Morelli
Published: June 2021

La agricultura representa uno de los principales pilares de la economía brasileña, su importancia está relacionada con la seguridad alimentaria y la generación de oportunidades laborales. Sin embargo, es necesario tener una reflexión crítica sobre la sostenibilidad de la siembra. Entre los diferentes tipos de cultivos, el tomate se destacó como una de las frutas más plantadas y consumidas en el mundo. Este artículo ofrece una valoración comparativa entre tres tipos de plantación de tomate: convencional, ecológica y sostenible (TOMATEC®), desde la preparación del suelo hasta la comercialización en el mercado. El trabajo se realizó en el norte del estado de Río de Janeiro, junto con grupos que producen el fruto en estos tres tipos de siembra. La metodología se basó en un cuestionario no estructurado, con respuestas gratuitas, aplicado a los agricultores de la región. Creemos que este estudio contribuirá a la orientación de la sociedad a través de datos obtenidos a partir de criterios serios de tratamiento de la información. Los principales resultados mostraron, a través del sistema de siembra sostenible de EMBRAPA (innovación), que es posible utilizar pesticidas con conciencia ambiental y producir frutos libres de residuos. Las enfermedades, en el sistema convencional, se controlan mediante la aplicación de fungicidas y bactericidas. En siembra sustentable se utiliza una mezcla de detergente casero con aceite de soja, mezcla de Burdeos, leche de vaca, fungicidas de contacto y fungicidas sistémicos, y en el sistema de producción orgánica, es común no dejar que la enfermedad se asiente en la planta, mediante control preventivo. de preparación y protección del suelo. En el control de plagas, el sistema convencional realiza la aplicación de insecticidas compuestos por varios principios activos. En el sistema orgánico, se privilegia el control de insectos equilibrando el suelo, con esto, las plantas adquieren mayor resistencia a enfermedades y plagas. En el sistema sostenible, no hay tratamiento preventivo, sino curativo. Los precios de mercado de la fruta para la siembra convencional fluctúan y dependen de la oferta, mientras que los tomates de sistemas orgánicos y sostenibles no fluctúan. La producción orgánica no tiene la capacidad instalada para satisfacer las demandas del mercado. Con esto, el sistema sustentable ha ido ganando espacio en el mercado y expandiéndose en el Sureste y Sur del país.
АНОМАЛІЇ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ ЄГИПТУ
Authors: Бондарчук Віталій , Шиманська Катерина
Published: June 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню зовнішньої торгівлі Єгипту. Міжнародна торгівля забезпечує досягнення позитивних економічних ефектів. Лібералізація умов торгівлі Єгипту дозволила її активізувати, проте, відносно різних торговельних партнерів провадиться різна економічна політика. Мета дослідження полягає у визначенні стратегій Єгипту у міжнародній торгівлі відносно своїх партнерів. Результати дослідження показали, що зовнішня торгівля Єгипту не пояснюється гравітаційної моделлю. Натомість, найбільшими торговельними партнерами є країни, які знаходяться на відносно великій географічній відставні. Із територіальними сусідами Єгипет має значно менші обсяги торгівлі. Причина цього полягає у тому, що зовнішня торгівля Єгипту визначається політичними домовленостями та зв’язками і в меншій мірі економічними факторами, що описуються гравітаційною моделлю міжнародної торгівлі.
ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ТЕОРЕТИЧНИХ ТЕЧІЙ ЕНДОГЕННОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ
Authors: Швець Сергій
Published: June 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню розвитку ендогенної теорії зростання з позиції обґрунтування етапів еволюційної трансформації існуючих концепцій і парадигм. Проаналізувавши широкий спектр усталених візій, зроблено спробу представити етапи послідовного формування наукової думки щодо виникнення і розвитку ендогенної теорії зростання. Народжена з метою усунення протиріч фундаментальної науки і емпіричних досліджень, четверта генерація ендогенної теорії стала оновленою версією шумпетеріанської концепції «креативного руйнування» і дала можливість намітити шляхи подальшої еволюції досліджень в напрямку пошуку стимулів стійкого зростання. Таким стимулом стало формування динамічного конкурентного середовища, яке спонукає приватних агентів до генерування концептуально нових (радикальних) ідей і швидкого втілення інновацій в найбільш продуктивний спосіб в рамках існуючого технологічного укладу. Гарантом формування такого конкурентного середовища виступає держава, яка забезпечує регулювання та розширення ринку продукування інновацій на законодавчому та інституціональному рівнях. Тому, для забезпечення стійкого зростання важливим є дотримання балансу між процесами генерування радикальних інновацій і ефективним втіленням похідних технологій, які мають відбуватися під патронатом держави за сприяння розвитку конкурентного середовища.
Method for producing fruit paste using innovative equipment
Authors: Mykhailov Valeriy , Zahorulko Andrii , Zagorulko Aleksey , Liashenko Bogdan , Dudnyk Svеtlana
Published: June 2021

A method for the production of multicomponent fruit and vegetable paste has been developed. All components were selected considering the content of physiologically functional ingredients. The method is distinguished using the developed innovative equipment: a multifunctional apparatus for the implementation of preliminary heat treatment of raw materials; rotary film evaporator for concentrating puree. The developed devices are distinguished by increased resource efficiency due to heating with a low-temperature film electric heater with a temperature regime in the range of 45-70 °C.
The study of structural and mechanical parameters and organoleptic evaluation of the prototypes allowed to reveal the rational content of raw materials in the developed paste: apples – 30%; viburnum – 20%; black chokeberry – 20%; pumpkins – 20%, beets – 10%.
Biofuels – Towards Objectives Of 2030 And Beyond
Authors: Łukasik Rafał M.
Published: June 2021

The European (and global) energy sector is in a process of profound transformation, making it essential for changes to take place that influence energy producers, operators, and regulators, as well as consumers themselves, as they are the ones who interact in the energy market. The RED II Directive changes the paradigm of the use of biomass in the heat and electricity sectors, by introducing sustainability criteria with mandatory minimum greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions and by establishing energy efficiency criteria. For the transport sector, the extension of the introduction of renewables to all forms of transport (aviation, maritime, rail and road short and long distance), between 2021-2030, the strengthening of energy efficiency and the strong need to reduce GHG emissions, are central to achieving the national targets for renewables in transport, representing the main structural changes in the European decarbonisation policy in that sector. It is necessary to add that biomass is potentially the only source of renewable energy that makes it possible to obtain negative GHG emission values, considering the entire life cycle including CO2 capture and storage. Hence, this work aims to analyse the relevance of biomass for CHP and in particular, the use of biomass for biofuels that contribute to achieving carbon neutrality in 2050. The following thematic sub-areas are addressed in this work: i) the new environmental criteria for the use of biomass for electricity in the EU in light of now renewable energy directive; ii) current and emerging biofuel production technologies and their respective decarbonization potential; iii) the relevance or not of the development of new infrastructures for distribution renewable fuels, alternatives to the existing ones (biomethane, hydrogen, ethanol); iv) the identification of the necessary measures for biomass in the period 2020-2030
DETERMINATION OF SUNSET YELLOW AS A SYNTHETIC FOOD COLORANT IN CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS CONSUMED IN KATSINA METROPOLIS (NIGERIA) USING UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Authors: Lawal Abubakar , Gwaram Nura Suleiman , Yerima Buhari Lawal , Ibrahim Imrana
Published: June 2021

The use of Sunset yellow as food colorants in non-alcoholic drinks, beverages and confectionery is rising despite their problems upon consumption by humans. It is therefore, necessary to constantly monitor the concentrations of these dyes in our foods, beverages and confectionery because of their health-related issues that include hyperactivity in children and immune system compromise. For these reasons, the concentration of sunset yellow used as colorants was determined in ten different brands of confectionaries using the spectrophotometric method of analysis. A cross-sectional primary data was obtained through experimental procedures in ten different samples of confectionary products procured (Central Market Katsina, Nigeria). The results shown that the concentration for the two samples; E and I are 52.311±0.178 mg/L and 87.887±0.018 mg/L respectively were found to be above the acceptable permissible limit of 50mg/L, while for the remaining eight samples; A, B, C, D, F, G, H, and  J are, 46.523±0.116 mg/L, 49.364±0.418 mg/L, 41.924±0.029 mg/L, 27.853±0.029 mg/L, 33.045±0.018 mg/L, 29.515±0.028 mg/L, 34.250±0.019 mg/L and 33.295±0.018 mg/L respectively are within the acceptable permissible limit of 50 mg/L in accordance to Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and council establishing a Union list of food additives. Therefore, the results justify the safe consumption of samples A, B, C, D, F, G, H and J but samples E and I are not safe for consumption due to their concentration levels found above 50 mg/L.
Development of SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors Using Molecular Docking Study with Different Coronavirus Spike Protein and ACE2
Authors: Shamkh Israa Mohamed , Pratiwi Dina
Published: June 2021

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is an acute respiratory tract infection that emerged in Wuhan city, China. The spike protein of coronaviruses is the main driving force for host cell recognition and is responsible for binding to the ACE2 receptor on the host cell and mediates the fusion of host and viral membranes. Recognizing compounds that could form a complex with the spike protein (S-protein) potently could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infections. The software was used to survey 300 plant natural compounds or derivatives for their binding ability with the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein. The docking score for ligands towards each protein was calculated to estimate the binding free energy. Four compounds showed a strong ability to bind with the S-protein (neohesperidin, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside, 14-ketostypodiol diacetate, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and used to predict its docking model and binding regions. The highest predicted ligand/protein affinity was with quercetin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside followed by neohesperidin. The four compounds were also tested against other related coronavirus and showed their binding ability to S-protein of the bat, SARS, and MERS coronavirus strains, indicating that they could bind and block the spike activities and subsequently prevent them infection of different coronaviruses. Molecular docking also showed the probability of the four ligands binding to the host cell receptor ACE2. The interaction residues and the binding energy for the complexes were identified. The strong binding ability of the four compounds to the S-protein and the ACE2 protein indicates that they might be used to develop therapeutics specific against SARS-CoV-2 and close related human coronaviruses.
Suitable Docking Protocol for the Design of Novel Coumarin Derivatives with Selective MAO-B Effects
Authors: Mateev Emilio Viktorov , Valkova Iva , Georgieva Maya , Zlatkov Alexander
Published: June 2021

Recently, the application of molecular docking is drastically increasing due to the rapid growth of resolved crystallographic receptors with co-crystallized ligands. However, the inability of docking softwares to correctly score the occurred interactions between ligands and receptors is still a relevant issue. This study examined the Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the experimental monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitory activity of 44 novel coumarins and the obtained GOLD 5.3 docking scores. Subsequently, optimization of the docking protocol was carried out to achieve the best possible pairwise correlation. Numerous modifications in the docking settings such as alteration in the scoring functions, size of the grid space, presence of active waters, and side-chain flexibility were conducted. Furthermore, ensemble docking simulations into two superimposed complexes were performed. The model was validated with a test set. A significant Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.8217 was obtained for the latter. In the final stage of our work, we observed the major interactions between the top-scored ligands and the active site of 1S3B.
EDUCATION OF HEALTHY AND BALANCED FOOD IN THE MODERN BOARDING SCHOOL DARUSSALAM GONTOR CANTEEN IN CAMPUS 2
Authors: Yahya Yuangga Kurnia , Rosyid Damailuddin , Fadhilah Raffi Afan , Pasya Kemal Aidil , Arifuddin Farchan
Published: June 2021

The pattern of life in Islamic boarding schools requires a lot of energy and a balanced nutritional intake. However, with the existence of a management system for all business units by college and students, it was necessary to divide time for studying, teaching and helping the boarding school. Therefore, the provision of supporting food and drinks was not optimal and the nutrition intake and process cleanliness not guaranteed. The education activity for healthy and nutritionally balanced food was in the context of spreading insights into healthy, nutritious and clean food by the canteen managed by the student. It was to support the creation of balanced nutrition and support the growth of student who was early adolescents. The implementation strategy included slide presentations, discussions, and assistance to the canteen administrators. The activities of implementing services, managing food in the canteen, and paying attention to cleanliness intended to encourage changes in the diet of the student. In addition, this education was increasing the knowledge and sensitivity of canteen staff so that they can pay more attention to nutrition and health principles in the selection, process, and presentation of food and beverages.
IBM FABRIC MASK MAKING TRAINING FOR THE RESIDENTS OF EAST PENFUI VILLAGE, KUPANG TENGAH, KUPANG DISTRICT IN CENTRAL PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Amat Anita Lidesna Shinta , Wungouw Herman Pieter Louis , Damanik Efrisca
Published: June 2021

Covid-19 pandemic has become a global problem that has an impact on almost all levels of society, both those with income and no income. Recommendations regarding the use of masks in the community, during home care, and in health care facilities in areas need to be mobilized massively. Current information indicates that the two main modes of transmission of the COVID-19 virus are respiratory droplets and contact. The use of masks has become a culture in life and daily activities so that the need for masks has increased. Therefore, it is necessary to have a stock of masks that are clean and of good type of cloth as prevention and first aid when doing activities outside the home. The condition of the residents in Penfui Village shows that not all are able to provide a large stock of masks for at least 1 house / small family. This situation prompted the Community Service team from the Faculty of Medicine (FK) Undana to provide training in making cloth masks for the community in East Penfui Village.
IMPROVING MENARCHE READINESS THROUGH HEALTH EDUCATION FOR YOUNG WOMEN
Authors: Sari Etika Purnama
Published: June 2021

Many young women are not ready to menarche. Young women need information about the menstrual process and health during menstruation so as not to have difficulty in dealing with menarche. Health education intended for Young Women (women aged 9-13 years) who have not experienced menarche in RT 10 RW 4 Kel. Latsari Kec. Banjar Tuban as many as 10 people. The method of health education is to talk online using zoom meetings, educational media is leaflet and media evaluation of readiness to face menarche is questionnaire. Most respondents (80%) not ready to face menarche before health education and most respondents (70%) ready to face menarche after health education. Health education can improve readiness to face menarche for young women. In addition to health education other factors that can also affect the readiness to face menarche is age and information sources. Young women are expected to find information related to menarche through family, peers, school or through social media to improve menarche readiness.
Effects Of Seed Priming On Root- Shoot Behaviour And Stress Tolerance Of Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)
Authors: Yanglem Sofia Devi , Ram Vishram , Rangappa Krishnappa , Premaradhya - , Deshmukh Nishant
Published: June 2021

A pot culture experiment was carried out under controlled conditions for the detailed study of morphophysiological and advanced stress response adaptive mechanisms along with yield performance of pea varieties under the influence of seed priming substances. The performances of selected seed priming substances in different pea varieties were tested with water stress. Growth and physiological parameters documented at the stress period. From the experiment, it can be inferred that seed priming substances like KH2PO4 (1.5 and 3%), H2O2 (10 mM) and PEG (5%) were significantly outperformed in inducing higher growth with positive physiological changes.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 199-208, 2021 (June)
Effects of Nitrogen Supplementation With Wheat Straw on Productivity of Pleurotus Djamor (Rumph. Ex FR.) Boedijn
Authors: Barh Anupam , Kamal Shwet , Kumari Babita , Annepu Sudheer Kumar , Kumar Satish , Shirur Mahantesh , Sharma VP
Published: June 2021

The present experiment was conducted in order to prepare a suitable substrate composition using wheat straw and also to ascertain the effect of various levels of nitrogen supplementation on the yield and biological efficiency of Pleurotus mushroom. The strain DMRP-205 of Pleurotus djamor was used in the study. Among different treatment combinations, maximum biological efficiency of 75.11% was recorded in T2 with 0.5% of urea supplementation. It was also observed that, though the higher nitrogen supplementation does not increase the yield proportionately, it has significant effect on the spawn run period, cropping duration and colour intensity of the basidiocarp. The study necessitates the nitrogen supplementation at optimum levels (0.5%) to realize the maximum yield in P. djamor cultivation.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 227-233, 2021 (June)
Analysis on the Quality of Epimedii Folium Originating From Cultivated Epimedium Pubescens Maxim
Authors: Zaiyou Jian , Guifang Xu , Jing Tian
Published: June 2021

The contents of main medicinal componentsin cultivated Epimedii foliumand yield plant originating fromEpimediumpubescensMaxim were compared to evaluate the quality of cultivated Epimedii folium.The concentration of icariin and epimedin C in the extracts came from cultivated E.pubescens and yield one were, respectively determined with RP-HPLC. The results showed that the contents of main medicinal componentsin cultivated E.pubescens were all lower than that in yield of E.pubescens. The quality of cultivated Epimedii folium is inferior to that of yield one. The cultivated E. brevicornumaterials can be used as medicinal materials because there are considerable medicinal chemical components in cultivated E.pubescens.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 295-299, 2021 (June)
Morphological and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Fruit of Melicoccus Bijugatus Jacq.
Authors: López Juan Carlos Calderón , Sachdev Harin , Thepanondh Sarawut , Herrera Yolanda Alexia Quintanilla
Published: June 2021

Morphological and physico-chemical characterization of the fruit of Melicoccus bijugatus were studied. To estimate more accurate data of fruit of Melicoccus bijugatus 11 variables were valued in two different stages of maturity ripe and unripe: shelled weight, shell weight, juice weight, pulp weight, seed weight, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), thickness (mm), shell thickness (mm), seed color and seed shape. In order to obtain these analytical scales and calibrators data, the two maturity stages by tabulating and analyzing all the information collected were compared and taken into consideration the maturity index to determine the optimum point of harvest. The shell weight, juice weight, pulp weight, seed weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and shell thickness were obtained higher in the ripe fruit than the unripe fruit, when the fruits have reached 69% of maturity, recommended as optimal percentage of maturity.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 387-394, 2021 (June)
Effects of Fertilizers on Growth and Sclerotia Formation of Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.
Authors: Abbas Hafiz Muhammad Khalid , Mahmood Rashid , Khan Salik Nawaz , Ali Anser
Published: June 2021

Macrophomina phaseolina was exposed to various concentrations of N, P and K fertilizers in PDA medium. Most of the fertilizers did not affect and some slightly increased the mycelial growth. All the fertilizers significantly affected sclerotia of the fungus. Urea and CAN at 10 ppm N reduced sclerotia by 85 to 90%. Similar reduction was noted with ammonium sulfate and NPK-(20 : 20 : 20) at or above 20 ppm N. DAP decreased sclerotia count whereas SSP increased it up to 300%. Under the influence of potassium fertilizers sclerotia count was increased by 200 to 400%, maximum with potassium nitrate followed by MOP and SOP.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 413-416, 2021 (June)
Photosynthetic Capacity, Antioxidant Activity and Molecular Responses in Parthenocissus Quinquefolia (L.) Planch Under High Temperature Stress and Subsequent Recovery
Authors: Tao Yuan Xue , Ping Li Fu
Published: June 2021

Photosynthetic capacity and photosystem II (PSII) activity decreased with increasing temperature, whereas antioxidant enzyme activity showed the opposite trend. High temperature stress induced a significant increase in Φf,D, and D1 protein turnover rate. Photosynthetic capacity, PSII activity, and antioxidant enzyme levels in plants treated at 35 and 40°C were restored to control levels upon stress relief, whereas those in plants grown at 45℃ were only partially restored. Therefore, the temperature limit for heat tolerance in Parthenocissus quinquefolia is between 40 and 45℃. Further, it was observed that antioxidant enzymes were crucial for high-temperature stress resistance in P. quinquefolia, with DEGP1 protein playing a major role in the rapid turnover of D1 protein for PSII repair.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 433-436, 2021 (June)