bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hipercrescimento femoral no tratamento cirúrgico do quadril displásico inveterado
Authors: Moura João Paulo Freire Martins de , Radaeli Renato de Figueiredo , Carrazone Oreste Lemos , Dobashi Eiffel Tsuyoshi , Milani Carlo , Ishida Akira
Published: July 2009

OBJETIVO: Medir radiograficamente através de escanometria o hipercrescimento femoral em pacientes portadores de Displasia do Desenvolvimento do Quadril inveterada tratados cirurgicamente com encurtamento femoral, redução cruenta e acetabuloplastia. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 30 crianças (33 quadris) submetidas à redução cruenta pela técnica de Scaglietti e Calandriello, ostectomia para encurtamento femoral e acetabuloplastia de Salter. Haviam 29 do sexo feminino e 1 do sexo masculino, com idade média de 4 anos e 5 meses na ocasião da cirurgia. De acordo com a classificação de Zionts e MacEwen, 23 (69,6%) quadris foram classificados como tipo III, 5 (15,2%) como tipo I e 5 (15,2%) como tipo II. O encurtamento femoral médio foi 45,12mm (variando de 30,00mm a 80,00mm). O tempo de seguimento médio foi de 10 anos e 2 meses. A discrepância femoral média mensurada nos escanogramas foi 13,48mm (variando de 0,00mm a 60,00mm) após acompanhamento mínimo de 2 anos e 3 meses. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes evoluíram com hipercrescimento sendo que em 18 (54,6%) casos a anisomelia observada foi <30mm, 11 (33,3%) alcançaram igualdade de comprimento e 4 (12,1%) discrepância >30mm. CONCLUSÃO: Observamos diminuição significante na diferença entre os comprimentos femorais após tratamento cirúrgico comparando com as medidas obtidas durante o seguimento ambulatorial.
Ressecção ampla e transposição fibular no tratamento do TCG da extremidade distal do rádio
Authors: Guedes Alex , Baptista Pedro Péricles Ribeiro , Santili Cláudio , Yonamine Eduardo Sadao , Garcia Hélio Rubens Polido , Martinez Emília Cardoso
Published: July 2009

OBJETIVO: Avaliação funcional e oncológica do tratamento do TCG do segmento distal do rádio (estadio B3) mediante ressecção ampla e reconstrução com enxerto autólogo avascular da extremidade proximal da fíbula. MÉTODOS: A função residual foi avaliada mediante escore ISOLS, medida do arco residual global do punho operado, do percentual residual da força de preensão da mão e da preensão entre o polegar e o indicador. O controle oncológico foi avaliado mediante exame clínico do membro operado e avaliação por imagens do punho e do tórax. RESULTADOS: 17 pacientes avaliados, dez do sexo feminino (58,8%) e sete do sexo masculino (41,2%) com idades entre 16 e 61 anos (média de 32,3 anos), todos destros. Na avaliação funcional (ISOLS) observamos 11 resultados excelentes, dois bons e um ruim; os três casos que demandaram artrodese evoluíram com escore excelente. O arco residual global foi de 196,2 ± 116,6º. O arco residual do punho operada correspondeu a 58,9% do controle. A força de preensão da mão correspondeu a 55,4 ± 17,4% do controle. O percentual de "pinça" foi de 80,6 ± 14,8% do controle. Não constatamos recidiva ou metástases nesta casuística. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica propiciou resultados funcionais alentadores, assegurando o retorno dos pacientes às suas atividades. A ausência de recidiva local e/ou metástases, observada inclusive nos pacientes com seguimento mais longo, permite sugerir que a técnica parece ser segura no controle oncológico do tumor.
Estudo comparativo de diferentes prescrições de braquetes pré-ajustados em modelos virtuais pelo Método de Elementos Finitos
Authors: Feres Murilo Fernando Neuppmann , Mazzieiro Ênio Tonani , Landre Júnior Janes
Published: July 2009

OBJETIVOS: comparar os efeitos de diferentes prescrições de braquetes pré-ajustados na movimentação dentária dos dentes anterossuperiores, por meio da utilização do Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF). MÉTODOS: foi utilizado um modelo tridimensional composto por um incisivo central, um incisivo lateral e um canino, todos do hemiarco superior esquerdo. Esses elementos foram submetidos à atuação de vetores de força que simularam a ação dos pré-ajustes de angulação e torque dos braquetes das prescrições de Alexander, Andrews, Capelozza, MBT, Ricketts e Roth. Após a simulação, os dados referentes ao deslocamento espacial dos pontos incisais e apicais foram registrados de forma que o novo posicionamento admitido pelos longos eixos dentários e seus pontos constituintes fossem determinados. RESULTADOS: a maioria das prescrições se comportou similarmente em relação aos parâmetros avaliados. As diferenças significativas encontradas no estudo se referem ao incisivo lateral superior que continha o braquete com a prescrição de Ricketts, que apresentou uma menor inclinação vestibular de seu longo eixo. Além disso, o canino superior da mesma prescrição apresentou uma maior inclinação de seu longo eixo para mesial e uma maior inclinação vestibular de seu longo eixo em relação às outras. A avaliação qualitativa da movimentação do incisivo central superior indicou um maior deslocamento distal dos ápices radiculares para as prescrições cujos autores estipularam maiores valores de angulação (Andrews, Capelozza, Roth e Alexander), e um maior deslocamento vestibular da coroa para as prescrições que estipularam os maiores valores de torque para os incisivos centrais (Ricketts, MBT, Alexander e Roth).
Força de mordida em crianças com mantenedor de espaço funcional na fase da dentadura mista inicial
Authors: Jacinto-Gonçalves Suzane Rodrigues , Gavião Maria Beatriz Duarte
Published: July 2009

OBJETIVO: verificar a influência do mantenedor de espaço funcional (MEF) na força muscular em crianças com perda prematura de molares decíduos na fase inicial da dentadura mista (5,5 a 6,5 anos de idade) com oclusão normal, considerando-se o padrão facial. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi constituída por dois grupos: Grupo MEF (n = 15), com perda precoce de pelo menos um molar decíduo; e Grupo Controle (n = 16). Determinou-se a força de mordida máxima (FM) com um tubo transmissor pressurizado, conectado a um circuito eletrônico analógico/digital antes (t0), um mês (t1) e 6 meses (t6) após a instalação do mantenedor. O padrão facial foi determinado pelo índice de Jarabak (FHR). Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva, análise de variância para medidas repetidas, teste t e correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS:a FM foi significativamente menor em t0 e t1 para o Grupo MEF em relação ao Controle. Em t6 não houve diferença. Os dois grupos apresentaram a FM significativamente maior em t6, em relação a t0, mas o percentual de variação para o Grupo MEF foi significativamente maior. Os valores de FHR não se correlacionaram com a FM, não ocorrendo diferença entre os tipos faciais intragrupos. Os dolicofaciais do Grupo MEF apresentaram a FM significativamente menor que os do Grupo Controle, em t0 e t1, mas não em t6. CONCLUSÃO: o maior aumento na FM para o Grupo MEF após 6 meses foi favorecido pelo maior número de contatos oclusais, devido aos dentes artificiais, melhorando a função e recuperando a força muscular.
Organizational memory and forgetfulness generating vulnerabilities in complex environments
Authors: Quinello Robson
Published: July 2009

This article analyzes the relationship between organizational memory and forgetfulness in the generation of operational vulnerabilities, based on a case study carried out with a highly specialized technical team from a multinational company of the automotive sector. The article starts with the presentation of the complexity context of the Brazilian automotive sector in the last decades. It then goes on to discuss the theoretical referential on learning organizations, organizational memory and forgetfulness and organizations with high operational reliability characteristics. Finally, a case study is presented, carried out based on the theoretical concepts described in the body of the article, showing the contradictions and evidence of this relationship.
The role of internal and external factors in the performance of brazilian companies and its evolution between 1990 and 2003
Authors: Gonçalves André Ribeiro , Quintella Rogério H
Published: July 2009

This work studies the variance of the return over assets (ROA) of 1,664 Brazilian organizations between 1996 and 2003. This variance is divided into in factors associated with differences between business units, imdustries and economic conditions. The model is also calculated dividing the overall period into four year intervals so as to follow the evolution of the factors over the years. Results show that the main source of the variation in the performance can be attributed to differences among companies. The weight of this element increases over time. Surprisingly, considering the many and frequent crises suffered in the last couple of years, the role of the economic climate is slight and similar to that found by other authors for the American market.
Organizational design for institutional change: the case of MPB festivals, 1960 to 1968
Authors: Kirschbaum Charles
Published: July 2009

A central concern in neo-institutional research is the genesis of new organizational fields. This article explores the emergence of the MPB (Brazilian Popular Music) field in tandem with the organization of music festivals in the sixties. The festivals were instrumental in combining musicians, critics and the audience in a forum relatively buffered from the music industry influence. This interaction supported the introduction and diffusion of new influences in the popular music field, and at the same time, it consecrated the category MPB as a high-brow art form. The festivals' design provoked two unintended consequences: the conflict between musicians and the audience, and between musicians and the jury. While several musicians strived to conquer autonomy for their creative activity, the audience claimed its supremacy. As a result, musicians exerted pressure on the jury to buffer the aesthetical criteria from the audience. It concludes with a critical appraisal of the role of festivals in the evolution of the MPB field.
Ingestive behaviour, herbage intake and grazing efficiency of beef cattle steers on Tanzania guineagrass subjected to rotational stocking managements
Authors: Difante Gelson dos Santos , Euclides Valéria Pacheco Batista , Nascimento Júnior Domicio do , Silva Sila Carneiro da , Torres Júnior Roberto Augusto de Almeida , Sarmento Daniel Oliveira de Lucena
Published: July 2009

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the ingestive behaviour, herbage intake and grazing efficiency of beef cattle steers grazing on Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania subjected to different rotational stocking intensities. Treatments corresponded to two post-grazing conditions (residues of 25 and 50 cm) associated with a pre-grazing condition of 95% sward canopy light interception during regrowth (LI). The grazing time increased linearly with the duration of the occupation period (475 to 630 minutes/day). On paddocks grazed down to a residue of 25 cm, the bite rate increased linearly along the occupation period, with an average of 42.5 bites/minute. On paddocks grazed down to a residue of 50 cm, the bite rate was stable and equal to 39 bites/minute. There was no difference in herbage intake between grazing intensities. However, grazing at 25 cm residue resulted in greater herbage removal (68.0 vs. 45.6%) and greater grazing efficiency (90.4 vs. 49.8%) than grazing at 50 cm residue. Post-grazing residues of Tanzania guineagrass under rotational stocking management may be set at either 25 or 50 cm, since the herbage intake was not affected within this grazing intensity range. However, herbage removal and grazing efficiency were reduced with the 50 cm post-grazing height and grazing time increased with long occupation periods.
Metanálise dos níveis de ractopamina em dietas para suínos em terminação
Authors: Kiefer Charles , Sanches Josilene Figueiredo
Published: July 2009

Foi realizada uma metanálise para avaliar o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos em terminação alimentados com rações contendo ractopamina. Utilizaram-se resultados de 18 experimentos com 2.991 animais e 4 tratamentos, constituídos dos níveis de 0, 5, 10 e 20 ppm de ractopamina. Foram analisados o desempenho e as características quantitativas da carcaça. A duração dos períodos experimentais foi de 28 ± 0,32 dias e os pesos inicial e final foram de 74,7 ± 10,9 kg e 107,6 ± 9,7 kg, respectivamente. Não houve efeito dos níveis de ractopamina sobre o consumo de ração, o peso de carcaça quente, o comprimento de carcaça e a espessura de toucinho. Os níveis de ractopamina influenciaram o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar, o rendimento de carcaça, a porcentagem de carne magra da carcaça e a área de olho-de-lombo. Houve efeito linear dos níveis de lisina sobre o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar, o peso de carcaça quente, a espessura de toucinho e a porcentagem de carne magra nos suínos alimentados com rações contendo 20 ppm de ractopamina. A área de olho-de-lombo dos suínos alimentados com rações contendo 10 e 20 ppm de ractopamina variou de forma quadrática com os níveis de lisina. As demais variáveis não foram influenciadas pelos níveis de lisina. O nível de 15 ppm de ractopamina otimiza o desempenho dos suínos, enquanto o de 20 ppm de ractopamina melhora as características quantitativas de carcaça. O ganho de peso, a espessura de toucinho e o percentual de carne magra na carcaça de suínos alimentados com rações contendo ractopamina melhoram com o nível de 1,0% de lisina digestível verdadeira.
Influência do número de animais e tipo de comedouro na unidade experimental sobre as exigências nutricionais e composição de carcaça de suínos em terminação
Authors: Silva Francisco Carlos de Oliveira , Donzele Juarez Lopes , Oliveira Rita Flávia Miranda de , Ferreira Aloízio Soares , Marcatti Neto Alberto , Paula Eriane de
Published: July 2009

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do número de animais por unidade experimental e do tipo de comedouro sobre as exigências nutricionais e as características de carcaça de suínos dos 60 aos 95 kg. Utilizaram-se 704 suínos, machos castrados, com 59,84 ± 1,67 kg de peso corporal, distribuídos em delineamento experimental em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com diferentes números de animais por unidade experimental nas parcelas e, nas subparcelas, um esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com dois tipos de comedouro e quatro níveis de lisina digestível na ração (0,75; 0,85; 0,95% e 1,05%), em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Não ocorreu interação significativa entre níveis de lisina, tipo de comedouro e número de animais na unidade experimental para os consumos de ração e de lisina, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. O ganho de peso e o consumo de lisina aumentaram de forma linear com o aumento dos níveis de lisina digestível. A conversão alimentar melhorou de forma linear, contudo o modelo "Linear Response Plateau" foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados, estimando em 0,96% o nível de lisina digestível, correspondente a um consumo diário de 26,1 g, a partir do qual ocorreu "plateau". O uso de dois animais por unidade experimental proporcionou melhores resultados de ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. Houve interação tipo de comedouro × número de animais na unidade experimental, de modo que o rendimento de carcaça e a quantidade de carne magra reduziram com o uso dos comedouros conjugados com bebedouros nas unidades experimentais com dois animais, mas não variaram com o tipo de comedouro nas unidades experimentais com 20 animais. Suínos dos 60 aos 95 kg exigem, respectivamente, 1,05 e 0,96% de lisina digestível para melhores resultados de ganho de peso e conversão alimentar, independentemente do tipo de comedouro e do número de animais na unidade experimental. Nas unidades experimentais com dois suínos, ocorrem diferenças no desempenho, com maior ganho de peso e melhor conversão alimentar, mas nenhuma alteração significativa nos consumos de ração e de lisina.
Efeito da suplementação de enzima fitase sobre o metabolismo de nutrientes e o desempenho de poedeiras
Authors: Viana Maurício Tárcio dos Santos , Albino Luiz Fernando Teixeira , Rostagno Horacio Santiago , Barreto Sergio Luiz de Toledo , Silva Eliane Aparecida da , Florentino Wenderson Magno
Published: July 2009

Avaliou-se o efeito da adição da enzima fitase sobre o desempenho e o metabolismo de poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 360 poedeiras da linhagem Bovans Goldline, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 12 repetições de 6 aves por unidade experimental e 5 tratamentos, que consistiram de cinco dietas: controle positivo; controle negativo (CN) com 0,15% de fósforo disponível; CN + 200 FTU de fitase; CN + 400 FTU de fitase; CN + 600 FTU de fitase. A dieta controle positivo foi formulada segundo recomendações das Tabelas Brasileiras e a dieta controle negativo com fósforo disponível foi calculada reduzindo os nutrientes presentes na matriz nutricional da enzima, de acordo com recomendação da empresa produtora. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: consumo de ração, produção de ovos, peso dos ovos, massa de ovo (MO), conversão por massa de ovo (CAMO), conversão alimentar por dúzia e componentes do ovo no período de 24 a 36 semanas de idade. No ensaio de metabolismo, calcularam-se os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, da energia metabolizável aparente e da energia metabolizável corrigida, bem como seus coeficientes de metabolizabilidade, além da retenção de nitrogênio e do balanço de P e Ca das dietas experimentais. A adição da enzima fitase (200, 400 e 600 FTU) proporcionou produção de matéria orgânica e conversão por massa de ovo semelhante à das poedeiras alimentadas com a ração controle positivo. Os componentes de ovo não foram influenciados pelas rações, com exceção do peso da casca, que aumentou com a suplementação de fitase nas dietas. A adição de 600 FTU de fitase melhora o metabolismo dos nutrientes da dieta em poedeiras comerciais.
Body composition and net and dietary macrominerals requirements of Nellore steers under grazing
Authors: Almeida Vitor Visintin Silva de , Queiroz Augusto César de , Silva Robério Rodrigues , Silva Fabiano Ferreira da , Oliveira Aline Cardoso , Santana Júnior Hermógenes Almeida de
Published: July 2009

This experiment was carried out with the objective of determining the macrominerals (Ca, P, Mg, K and Na) requirements of Nellore steers under grazing. Twenty four Nellore steers (371 ± 14 kg of BW and 26 mo old) were used. Four steers were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (reference group), serving as a reference in subsequent study. The remaining 20 animals were weighed and distributed into a completely randomized design with four supplementation levels offer: 0.0 (mineral mixture - control), 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9% of BW, with five replications. The supplements, based on ground corn, soybean meal and/or urea, were previously balanced to achieve an average daily gain of 350, 650 and 850g, respectively, for the different supplementation levels offer. The contents of macrominerals retained in the animal body were determined by regression equations of the macrominerals body content logarithm in function of the empty body weight logarithm (EBW). Net macrominerals requirements for a gain of 1kg of EBW were obtained using the equation Y'= b.10ª.Xb-1, with a and b, respectively, the intercept and the regression coefficient of the prediction equations of macrominerals in the animal body contents for each macromineral considered. The concentrations of all macrominerals, in the empty body weight and gain of the empty body weight, decreased with the increase in the body weight. Total calcium and phosphorus dietary requirements are higher than those recommended in the literature.
Características quantitativas da carcaça e qualitativas do músculo Longissimus dorsi de cabritos ¾ Boer + ¼ Saanen confinados recebendo rações contendo grãos de oleaginosas
Authors: Grande Paula Adriana , Alcalde Claudete Regina , Lima Luciano Soares de , Ayer Ilan Munhoz , Macedo Francisco de Assis Fonseca de , Matsushita Makoto
Published: July 2009

Foram avaliadas as características quantitativas da carcaça, os rendimentos dos cortes, a proporção dos tecidos, a composição química, o colesterol e o perfil de ácidos graxos do músculo Longissimus dorsi de cabritos ¾ Boer + ¼ Saanen, alimentados com rações contendo grãos de linhaça, girassol ou canola. Foram utilizados 24 cabritos machos não-castrados com peso inicial de 22,7 kg e 90 dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e abatidos com 30,9 kg de peso vivo médio e 61 dias de confinamento. As rações foram constituídas de: feno de aveia, farelo de soja, milho moído e suplemento mineral (tratamento controle, n=6) e adicionadas de grãos de linhaça (n=7), girassol (n=5) ou canola (n=6). O consumo de grãos de oleaginosas não influenciou o peso de carcaça quente, no entanto, o peso de carcaça fria foi maior nos animais alimentados com a ração controle, que apresentaram também menor perda por resfriamento. O rendimento verdadeiro e o rendimento comercial de carcaça não foram influenciados pelas rações. O rendimento dos cortes comerciais lombo e costela descoberta diferiram entre os animais alimentados com as rações contendo oleaginosas. Não houve diferença para as porcentagens de músculo, gordura e osso nem para a razão músculo:osso. A adição de grãos de canola resultou em maior teor de lipídeos no músculo Longissimus dorsi, mas não alterou o teor de colesterol. Os animais alimentados com as rações contendo grãos de canola e linhaça apresentaram menor razão ômega-6:ômega-3. Os benefícios dos grãos de oleaginosas sobre as características quantitativas da carcaça ou qualitativas do músculo em cabritos não justificam sua utilização nas rações.
Níveis de concentrado na dieta de bezerros
Authors: Ribeiro Marinaldo Divino , Pereira José Carlos , Bettero Vitor Pereira , Queiroz Augusto César de , Costa Marcone Geraldo , Leonel Fernando de Paula
Published: July 2009

Objetivou-se avaliar níveis de concentrado para bezerros em crescimento. Foram utilizados quatro bezerros mestiços, Holandês × Zebu, com idade média de 7 meses e 155 kg de peso vivo, distribuídos em quadrado latino (4×4). Os animais foram alimentados à vontade, na forma de dieta completa contendo os níveis de 20, 40, 60 e 80% de concentrado, com base na matéria seca (MS). As dietas foram compostas de feno de Cynodon dactylon, fubá de milho, farelo de soja e mistura mineral e foram isoprotéicas (15,4%). Os consumos de MS, matéria orgânica (MO), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e carboidratos totais (CT) apresentaram comportamento linear e os consumos de proteína bruta (PB) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), comportamento quadrático, em kg/dia. Quando calculados em %PV, os consumos de MO, PB, EE e NDT apresentaram comportamento quadrático, enquanto os de MS, FDN e CT tiveram comportamento linear. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente total da MS e PB foram influenciados de forma quadrática pelos níveis de concentrado, enquanto os de MO, EE, FDN e CT tiveram comportamento linear. Não foi observado efeito dos níveis de concentrado sobre a concentração média de nitrogênio amoniacal em cada tempo de análise. Entretanto, para pH, observou-se influência dos níveis nos tempos analisados. Os níveis de concentrado não influenciaram a concentração média de glicose sérica, mas tiveram efeito linear negativo sobre o nitrogênio uréico sérico (NUS) em cada tempo pós-prandial. Pode-se incluir até 60% de concentrado na dieta de bezerros, entretanto níveis maiores podem comprometer a utilização do volumoso.
Age, growth, mortality and yield per recruit of the dourado Salminus brasiliensis, Corumbá Reservoir, Goiás State, Brazil
Authors: Tos Claudenice Dei , Gomes Luiz Carlos , Agostinho Angelo Antônio , Batista Rosana Paulo
Published: July 2009

In order to evaluate the fate of the migratory species dourado Salminus brasiliensis in the first years of impoundment in Corumbá Reservoir we estimated age, growth, mortality and yield per recruit. Samplings were carried out monthly in Corumbá Reservoir and its main tributaries (Goiás State) from March 1998 to February 1999 using gillnets. After one year of impoundment, age was estimated from scales and the maximum number of rings was six for males and five for females. Rings are formed annually in May and June. The asymptotic length and growth rate for males and females were 37.1 cm and 0.77 and 56.6 cm and 0.52, respectively. A dominance of juveniles was verified in the reservoir and its tributaries. The instantaneous total mortality rate (Z) was 1.59 and the annual total mortality rate (A) was 79.6%. The highest yield per recruit (1200g) and the highest average weight (1900g) were obtained in simulations with low values of fishing (F) and natural (M) mortalities. Based on the above information we describe the Corumbá Reservoir impoundment has influenced the growth of the dourado. As regards this study, we recommend that the fishing effort not be applied during the trophic upsurge period and that the monitoring of the dourado assemblage continue. Fishery programs management for this species should be carried out with subsequent monitoring involving efficient communication, realistic practices and involvement of fisher organizations.
Relationships between water transparency and abundance of Cynodontidae species in the Bananal floodplain, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Melo Cesar Enrique de , Lima Jane Dilvana , Silva Eliete Francisca da
Published: July 2009

The Cerrado in the Central Brazil is currently one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world. As a result, the aquatic habitats in this biome also undergo great impacts. Alterations related to land-use change increase sediment loadings in rivers, streams and lakes, resulting in sedimentation and decrease in water transparency. Water transparency determines underwater visibility conditions, and as a consequence fish assemblages respond to spatial and temporal changes in this variable. This work aimed to examine the influence of transparency on the abundance and distribution of Cynodontidae species, a visually oriented predatory fish group. Fish sampling was conducted in 15 sites located between Mortes and Araguaia rivers in the Bananal floodplain, Mato Grosso State. Regression analysis between relative abundance of Cynodontidae (in number of individuals and biomass) and water transparency showed a positive and highly significant correlation, indicating that this group shows species-specific habitat affinities for clearer waters. These results suggest that the increase in water turbidity in this region can affect the patterns of abundance and distribution of the Cynodontidae species, as well as other visually oriented fishes.
Transport of jundiá Rhamdia quelen juveniles at different loading densities: water quality and blood parameters
Authors: Carneiro Paulo César Falanghe , Kaiseler Pedro Henriques da Silva , Swarofsky Elaine de Azambuja Correia , Baldisserotto Bernardo
Published: July 2009

Fish transportation is a common practice on fish farms and is considered to be a stressor that could negatively affect fish health. The objective of this study was to evaluate several physiological responses of stress in jundiá caused by transport at different loading densities. Jundiá juveniles were placed in plastic bags on a mechanical transport simulator for four hours at four different loading densities (75, 150, 250 and 350 g L-1) and then transferred to sixteen 80-L plastic boxes for 96 hours after transport. Water samples were collected before and after transport to measure dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH and ammonia levels. Blood samples were taken at departure and arrival, as well as at 24 and 96 hours after transport to monitor cortisol, glucose, ammonia, chloride and hematocrit levels. Water ammonia levels were found to increase gradually as loading densities increased. Plasma ammonia was higher after transport in fish from all treatments. Compared to initial values, substantial increases in plasma cortisol and ammonia levels were detected mainly in those fish submitted to the highest loading density. Blood glucose appeared to be positively influenced by the increase of transport densities. No statistical differences were observed in any of the other blood parameters. The costs in fish culture, as in other animal production systems, must be minimized and fish producers depend on optimal techniques to ensure better profit. Therefore, based on fish survival and the physiological indicators determined in the present study, especially during recovery, the best density at which to transport jundiá in plastic bags for four hours is about 350 g/L.
Subjetividade e materialidade: cidade, espaço e trabalho
Authors: Nogueira Maria Luísa Magalhães
Published: July 2009

Discutimos, no presente texto, a relação estabelecida entre a categoria espaço (considerado socio-historicamente) e a dimensão subjetiva dos diversos atores sociais que dele, necessariamente, se apropriam. Partindo da cidade, objeto privilegiado de nossa análise, buscamos, além de uma breve discussão sobre alteridade, indicar a articulação do espaço com a formação e consolidação de identidades. Para a discussão deste processo, tomamos, especialmente, a centralidade do trabalho nos novos arranjos urbanos. Entendemos que é de suma importância a reflexão sobre a relação espaço/subjetividade. A partir de uma ótica transdisciplinar, buscamos destacar, na cidade moderna, a questão da segregação e seu impacto subjetivo.
O sentido como máquina de guerra contra a naturalização do psíquico
Authors: Lustoza Rosane Zétola
Published: July 2009

Este trabalho discute como a adoção do conceito de sentido permitiu a Lacan renovar a condução da praxis analítica. Recorrendo à obra de Lacan e comentadores, o conceito de sentido será investigado em seu/ duplo aspecto, tanto crítico - como forma de combate às propostas de naturalização do psíquico - quanto propositivo - como responsável pelo estabelecimento da intersubjetividade como dimensão fundamental da experiência clínica. Embora admitindo que Lacan posteriormente tenha subordinado o sentido à estrutura, abandonando a noção de intersubjetividade, o artigo examina o legado da teoria do sentido para a psicanálise. Sua principal contribuição foi o combate à naturalização do sujeito.
A mulher junto às criminologias: de degenerada à vítima, sempre sob controle sociopenal
Authors: Martins Simone
Published: July 2009

Este artigo apresenta figuras referentes à mulher junto às criminologias, bem como discute suas repercussões no código penal brasileiro. É identificada na criminologia positivista a figura da criminosa nata relacionada à prostituição, à mulher masculinizada e à atávica; bem como da vítima, seja ela criminosa por dependência do homem, seja pela necessidade de proteção do Estado. Estas figuras têm em comum o fato de servirem ao controle social da mulher. Em oposição, na criminologia feminista se verifica a figura da mulher emancipada, que não busca no direito penal a solução de conflitos que são de ordem social, econômica e política.
A menina que se constituiu no contexto do tráfico: o estudo psicossocial forense e o resgate da função paterna
Authors: Costa Liana Fortunato , Legnani Viviane Neves , Zuim Cristiane Barbosa Di Bernardo
Published: July 2009

Neste artigo discutimos a questão da complementaridade entre a Psicologia e o Direito. O texto tem seu centro no estudo psicossocial forense de um pedido de guarda de um pai sobre sua filha e envolve ligação com o tráfico de drogas. Este estudo oportuniza o resgate do valor da Justiça como um momento propício para que significados ocultos dos conflitos familiares sejam esclarecidos. A questão é como o Setor Psicossocial pode garantir o melhor interesse da criança? Apontamos a concepção de pai de família, como aquele que tem um lugar e uma responsabilidade social. A Justiça clama por este pai.
Gene expression profiles of thymic neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) with ectopic ACTH syndrome reveal novel molecular mechanism
Authors: Bi Yu-fang , Liu Rui-xin , Ye Lei , Fang Hai , Li Xiao-ying , Wang Wei-qing , Zhang Ji , Wang Kan-Kan , Jiang Lei , Su Ting-wei , Chen Zhong-yuan , Ning Guang
Published: July 2009

Although there has been increased knowledge about the molecular biology of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), little is known about thymic carcinoids and even less about those with excessive hormone disorders, such as ectopic ACTH syndrome. This study was designed to gain insights into the molecular networks underlying the tumorigenesis of thymic carcinoids with ACTH secretion. By an approach integrating cDNA microarray and methods of computational biology, we compare gene expression profile between ACTH-producing thymic carcinoids and the normal thymus. In total, there are 63 biological categories increased and 108 decreased in thymic carcinoids. Cell proliferation was stimulated, which may explain the relatively uncontrolled cell growth of the tumor. Dysregulation of the Notch-signaling pathway was likely to be underlying the neuroendocrine features of this type of tumors. Moreover, inhibition of immunity and increased neuropeptide signaling molecules (POMC and its sorting molecule CPE) made the clinical manifestation reasonable and thus validated the array data. In conclusion, thymic carcinoids have a distinct gene expression pattern from the normal thymus, and they are characterized by deregulations of a series of biofunctions, which may be involved in the development of NETs. Hence, this study has provided not only a detailed comprehension of the molecular pathogenesis of thymic carcinoids with ectopic ACTH syndrome, but also a road map to approach thymic NETs at the system level.
AMPK as a mediator of hormonal signalling
Authors: Lim Chung Thong , Kola Blerina , Korbonits Márta
Published: July 2009

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key molecular player in energy homeostasis at both cellular and whole-body levels. AMPK has been shown to mediate the metabolic effects of hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, glucocorticoids and insulin as well as cannabinoids. Generally, activated AMPK stimulates catabolic pathways (glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis) and inhibits anabolic pathways (gluconeogenesis, glycogen, fatty acid and protein synthesis), and has a direct appetite-regulating effect in the hypothalamus. Drugs that activate AMPK, namely metformin and thiazolidinediones, are often used to treat metabolic disorders. Thus, AMPK is now recognised as a potential target for the treatment of obesity and associated co-morbidities.
Effects of High Pressure-Dependent Leakoff and High Process-Zone Stress in Coal-Stimulation Treatments
Authors: Ramurthy Muthukumarappan , Lyons Bill , Hendrickson Randall B. , Barree Robert D. , Magill Douglas P.
Published: July 2009

Hydraulic fracturing in coals has been studied extensively over the last two decades; however, there are factors that were often ignored or incorrectly diagnosed, resulting in screenouts. Assuming that a majority of the perforations are open and there are no problems with the stimulation fluids, screenouts during coal hydraulic-fracture treatments can be attributed to either high pressure-dependent leakoff (PDL), high process-zone stress (PZS) or in some cases both. The objective of this work is to discuss, help identify, and present solutions to address these reservoir-related issues such that screenouts can be avoided in optimized refracture treatments and new well stimulations.

The tools for identifying these reservoir-related parameters include a diagnostic fracture-injection test (DFIT) and a grid-oriented fully functional 3D fracture simulator with shear decoupling. An example for each respective case is presented in this paper. In the first example, in which high PZS was considered to be the dominant reason for screenout or pressure out, the well was restimulated successfully by implementing the solutions presented in this paper. In the second example, in which high PDL was considered to be the main reason for screenout, there were several wells in the same project area that exhibited the same behavior resulting in screenouts. After implementing the solutions presented in this paper to address high PDL, all new wells were stimulated successfully without any issues.
Effects of Environmental Regulation on Economic Activity and Pollution in Commercial Agriculture
Authors: Sneeringer Stacy E
Published: July 2009

Research empirically estimating the effects of regulation on economic activity is largely focused on manufacturing, while generally overlooking one of the major polluters in the U.S.  commercial agriculture. Further, the prior literature generally does not estimate the pollution effects associated with regulation, making it difficult to assess the relative social costs and benefits of government action. This article considers a specific set of state policies to examine the results of environmental regulations in the agricultural sector, providing estimates of the magnitude of effects on production as well as pollution. During the 1990's, North Carolina's hog production more than tripled after passage of welcoming state legislation. I find that North Carolina's laws led to an additional 11% increase per year in pork industry presence in North Carolina relative to the rest of the U.S., as well as a 10% increase per county per year in ambient air pollution. Through a series of falsification tests and examinations of alternative hypotheses, I conclude that the air pollution is attributable to the industry; a doubling of production yields a 92% increase in ambient air pollution. The magnitude of the changes in air pollution is large enough to result in significant public health effects, totaling in cost to at least 12% of North Carolina's hog production revenue.
Evaluation of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emissions and Its Impact of Ozone Formation
Authors: Kondo A. , Hai B. , Shrestha K. L. , Kaga A. , Inoue Y.
Published: July 2009

The standard Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound (BVOC) emissions from ten Japanese plant species were measured by using a growth chamber where temperature and light intensity can be controlled. These species were selected due to their abundance in the estimated domain of the Kinki region. The BVOC emissions in Kinki region during July 2002 were estimated by revising the standard BVOC emissions from temperature and light intensity which were calculated by MM5. The two types of the ozone calculation were carried out by CMAQ. One was the calculation with BVOC emissions (BIO). Another was the calculation that assumes BVOC emissions to be zero (NOBIO). The maximum ozone concentrations of BIO reasonably reproduced the observed maximum concentrations in especially the fine days. The hourly differences of monthly average ozone concentrations between BIO and NOBIO had the maximum value of 6ppb at 2 p.m. The explicit difference appeared in urban area, though the place where the maximum of difference occurred changed. It was shown that the BVOC emitted from the forest area strongly affected the ozone generation in the urban area.Key words: biogenic volatile organic compound, ozone, MM5, CMAQ, growth chamber Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2009, July, pp. 48-55doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2062
Purification and Compression of Biogas: A Research Experience
Authors: Bajracharya Tri Ratna , Dhungana Alok , Thapaliya Nirajan , Hamal Gogan
Published: July 2009

Biogas is widely used in villages of Nepal for cooking and lighting. But its commercial use has never been realized due to difficulties in its storage and transportation. Solution identified to the problem is to increase the energy density of the gas through removal of incombustible and corrosive gas and consequent compression which was experimented on a lab-scale model. This paper presents all the results of removal of CO2 gas from biogas using different chemicals and relative purity with raw gas. Further, compression of biogas and was carried out by methane refrigerant compressor and bottled into normal LPG cylinder. Compression of biogas was carried out under near Isothermal and Adiabatic conditions up to 11bar absolute pressure. The energy efficiency of compression was determined to be 98.71% and if the gas used for generation of electricity using a generator with an efficiency of 30%, the net energy efficiency turned out to be 95.72%. Later, a boiling test was conducted whereby the combustibility of the compressed biogas from the cylinder in normal biogas-stove was tested to validate its use in cooking, the results of which are included.Key words: Purification of Biogas, Compression of Biogas, Chemical purification, Energy efficiency, Combustion test.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, July 2009,  pp. 90-98doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2066
Live Loads for Rural Bridges
Authors: Shrestha Jagat Kumar
Published: July 2009

We find various loading standards for bridges in different countries based on their own contexts. In the context of Nepal, the road bridges have been designed adopting the various codes. Many of the bridges have been designed based on IRC and AASHTO standards. Nepal Road Standard (NRS 2027), has adopted the IRC and AASHTO loadings. The NRS covers loadings for the highway and feeder roads. The standard does not cover the loading standards for rural roads in Nepal. Now we have more than 20,000 km rural roads. This paper tries to review the live load standards which are being adopted in design of bridges in Nepal and recommend the live loads suitable for the bridges in rural roads specifically for district roads and village roads. For rural bridges, individual truck loading may be relevant rather than the train of loading. The 24R IRC loading may be an appropriate loading for rural bridges in Nepal. This represents a heavy vehicle plying in rural roads in Nepal.Key words: Live loads; Pem fuel cell; Self-organising maps;Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, July, 2009 pp. 111-115doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2068
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): Current concept and a short Review
Authors: Rahman MT , Tahmin T , Ferdousi S , Bela SN
Published: July 2009

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a very common and important disease occurring during pregnancy and has detrimental effect on both the mother and the baby. The mother is at increased risk of developing obstetric complications like prolonged labour, prone to develop type 2 diabetes in future and the baby is born with overweight, cause of childhood obesity and later life development of type 2 diabetes. A short review and current concept of GDM is discussed. Key words: GDM, Type 2 diabetes, Obesity, Macrosomia, Complications   doi: 10.3329/bjpath.v24i1.2877 Bangladesh J Pathol 24 (1) : 16-20
Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Tuberculosis which Developed to AML - A Case Report
Authors: Sultana Tuhin , Chowdhury Abdul Allam , Yunus ABM , Ahmed AN Nashimuddin
Published: July 2009

A 60 year old male presented with pulmonary tuberculosis and moderate anaemia. He was on antitubercular treatment and haematinics. The anaemia remained refractory to treatment. But the patient developed recurrent deep vein thrombosis and pancytopenia, which subsequently transformed into acute myeloid leukemia (AML).The development of AML suggested that the haematological aberrations observed earlier were actually states of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The significance of concurrently developing AML and MDS is discussed and reported here.   doi: 10.3329/bjpath.v24i1.2879 Bangladesh J Pathol 24 (1) : 25-27
A Case of Mosaic Down Syndrome
Authors: Habib Saequa
Published: July 2009

Cytogenetic analysis in 44 clinically suspected cases of Down syndrome (DS) was carried out using conventional Giemsa-trypsin-banding technique. Among them 43 cases were cytogenetically proved as DS. Forty-two individuals (97.7%) exhibited pure trisomy 21. The remaining child was a seven years old boy, the second-born of nonconsanguineous parents and had 46/47XY, +21 mosaicism. He also possessed most of the phenotypic characteristics of the classical trisomy 21.  Keywords: Cytogenetic analysis, Down syndrome, syndrome.   doi: 10.3329/bjpath.v24i1.2880 Bangladesh J Pathol 24 (1) : 28-30
NK Cells Interfere with the Generation of Resistance against Mycoplasma Respiratory Infection following Nasal-Pulmonary Immunization
Authors: Bodhankar Sheetal , Woolard Mathew D. , Sun Xiangle , Simecka Jerry W.
Published: July 2009

The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of NK cells on the development of protective adaptive immunity in response to nasal-pulmonary immunization against mycoplasma. Depletion of NK cells before nasal-pulmonary immunization enhanced resistance to mycoplasma respiratory infection. The effect of NK cells on the generation of protective immunity in lungs was dependent on lymphoid cells, as immunization of either SCID mice or immunocompetent mice depleted of CD4+ T cells did not demonstrate any increased resistance in the presence or absence of NK cells. The presence of NK cells at the time of nasal-pulmonary immunization modulated mycoplasma-specific cytokine responses in lungs and lower respiratory nodes. In particular, NK cells skewed the mycoplasma-specific T cell cytokine responses in the draining lymph nodes to higher IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17 while lowering IFN-γ responses. Adoptive transfer of total lung lymphocytes isolated from immunized mice into naive mice led to a significant reduction in the mycoplasma numbers in lungs, and the resistance was greater if cells were obtained from immunized mice that were depleted of NK cells. Similar results were obtained if purified B cells, T cells, or CD4+ T cells were used. Interestingly, this is the first time that a favorable role of functional CD4+ T cells in mediating protection in mycoplasma respiratory disease was demonstrated. Thus, NK cells can influence the responses of multiple lymphocyte populations capable of mediating resistance to mycoplasma infection.
The portrayal of the hardening of the disciples’ hearts in Mark 8:14–21
Authors: Lee Sug-Ho , Van der Watt Jan G.
Published: July 2009

The goal of this article is to consider the literary-theological function of the hardening of the disciples’ hearts in Mark 8:14–21. The disciples are remarkably characterised by faithlessness, which is associated with hardness of their hearts. Although Mark uses the same language, ‘hardness of heart’, at different points in his Gospel to describe both Jesus’ opponents and the disciples, he nevertheless retains a distinction between the two groups. With regard to the opponents’ unbelief, the language means a divine judgement for their unbelieving rejection (cf. Mark 3:5–6). By contrast, when the language is used in relation to the disciples, it warns them (or the Markan readers) to beware of falling into the opponents’ unbelieving attitudes (6:52; 8:17–18).
Using the career orientations inventory (COI) for measuring internal career orientations in the South African organisational context
Authors: Coetzee Melinde , Schreuder Dries
Published: July 2009

This study investigated the use of the Career Orientations Inventory as a measure to determine the career orientations of a random sample of 2 978 participants at predominantly managerial and supervisory level in the service industry. Whereas an exploratory factor analysis yielded a nine-factor structure, a confirmatory factor analysis confirmed five constructs as measures of the career orientations domain. A similar factorial pattern was observed across the African and white groups and a weaker factorial pattern across the Indian and coloured groups. The findings of this study contribute valuable new knowledge to both the practice and the field of Career Psychology.