bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Jakarta’s air quality during large scale social restriction
Authors: Rahutomo R , Purwandari K , Sigalingging J W C , Pardamean B
Published: April 2021

After Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) established in Jakarta, a change of air quality was indicated by the citizens. Representatives of Indonesia’s Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) supported as the fact that mobility of Jakarta’s citizen and commuters were reduced. With utilizing Weather Data Acquisition System managed by BMKG, this research compared fluctuations of Jakarta’s air quality during two periods of time: Pre-PSBB and During-PSBB. This study proved that Jakarta’s air quality has positively improved compared to the previous year, although in the lower range of unhealthy level.
Business process mining from e-commerce event web logs: Conformance checking and bottleneck identification
Authors: Siek M , Mukti R M G
Published: April 2021

A range of advanced methods have been formulated and utilized in the efforts of improving the business processes in many enterprises. One impacting enhancement technique is to employ process mining algorithms as modeling and analysis tools in order to provide the actual business performance by digging the event log data and finding the useful information. This paper focuses on the applications of process mining in e-commerce industry. Event log data with timestamps were retrieved and analyzed from the web databases of an e-commerce company and process mining algorithms, like inductive miner and fuzzy miner were executed for generating the actual e-commerce business processes automatically and checking their conformance with the standardized processes as well as to early detecting any bottlenecks and issues in the e-commerce processes. Several e-commerce process issues were considered, such as item procurement, product order and delivery item tracking. The process mining modeling and its statistical results indicate that process mining can provide an efficient and effective tool for modeling and analyzing the e-commerce business processes allowing for real-time process auditing and reengineering.
Determination of a Renewable Energy System Capacity Factor Using Machining Learning Algorithms
Authors: Ighravwe Desmond Eseoghene , Mashao Daniel
Published: April 2021

Across the world, machining learning (ML) algorithms, such as support vector machines (SVR) and artificial neural networks (ANN), are among scientific tools for the fourth industrial revolution, or Industry 4.0, campaign. These algorithms have wide engineering applications, but their potentials in energy management are still evolving. Hence, this study investigates the performance of SVR and ANN algorithms as predictive models for wind turbines capacity factor (CF) estimation. Five independent parameters-wind speed, power density, turbulence intensity, installed capacity, and wind shear - were used as input parameters for this estimation problem. Polynomial, radial basis function (RBF), and linear kernels were used to train an SVR model that estimates CF, while Adams was used to optimize the performance of a backpropagation ANN model. These models’ applicability was evaluated using data sets from eight locations. This study used correlation coefficient used to compared the model performance. The RBF trained SVR model performed better than the other kernels during model training, but the linear kernel trained SVR model performed better than the other kernels during testing model. When these kernels performances were compared with a single hidden layer ANN model, the ANN model results were better than these kernels results.
Engineering Policies and Education for Sustainable Development:- Nigeria Perspective
Authors: Gana A.J. , Amodu M. F. , Braimoh S. O.
Published: April 2021

Professions that are doing well today in many parts of the world are actually tied to some basic fundamental principles in those professions. Their continuity is also a function of the part played by those who made up the professions. Many professions that are no longer in existence have died as a result of not creating avenue platforms for those who will continue it for other generations to come. This paper critically examined Engineering Education, challenges facing Engineering Education in Nigeria. The paper concludes with solutions towards National Solutions towards National Sustainable development.
Performance evaluation of asphaltic concrete incorporating milled egg-shell ash (mesa) as bitumen strength modifier and filler
Authors: Modupe A. E. , Fadugba O. G. , Busari A. A. , Adeboje A. O. , Aladegboye O. J.
Published: April 2021

Pursuant to the quest for sustainable and cheap pavement construction materials which have the potential of spurring the development of roads with low construction costs; and with the worrisome increase in the amount of eggshell wastes resulting from large consumption of poultry birds, this research assessed the engineering properties of bitumen modified with Milled Egg Shell Ash (MESA) and subsequently the performance of asphalt concrete with MESA as partial substitute for filler. Physicochemical characterization was carried out on the virgin bitumen and the MESA. Milled proportions of the egg shell ash was blended with bitumen at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, followed by a complete substitution at 100%, by weight of mineral aggregates; and thereafter incorporated as filler using the same proportions. The penetrometer and rotational viscometer were engaged to determine the penetration and viscosity of the modified bitumen, and the Marshall mix design method was subsequently employed to determine the stability and flow of the asphaltic concrete composite. The modification of bitumen with egg shell ash resulted in a decrease in penetration of bitumen from 80/100 pen to 60/70 pen, as well as rotational viscosity met the required standard. Marshall stability decreased gradually with increased MESA content. Given the expected standard value of Marshall stability for wearing courses to be not less than 7.5 kN, the stability value of 31 kN obtained at 10% MESA, was recommended for sustainable pavement works. The X-ray Florescence (XRF) result showed a high presence of Calcium in terms of intensity and content in the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) modified with MESA, while the scanning electron microscope (SEM) provided a clear perspective of the interaction between the mineral aggregates, MESA, and bitumen in the entire HMA mixture. The results have shown feasible use of MESA as partial aggregate substitution in HMA which is recommended for light weight pavements or medium trafficked roads such as in found parking lots, walk ways, office complexes, university environments and short accesses.
Asbestos-Free Aluminium Dross Brake Pad: A Mini Review
Authors: Dirisu J.O. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Oyedepo S.O , Udoye N. E
Published: April 2021

Asbestos-related materials are avoided due to cancer-causing asbestosis that is a health risk to users. A brake pad that is eco-friendly with the use of aluminium dross industrial waste and epoxy binder is therefore proposed. Various applications of aluminium dross have been explored by researchers with the view of reducing hazardous waste from the environment. Compressive strength, hardness, specific gravity, microstructural analysis, flame resistance, oil, and water absorption, and wear characteristics are significant tests carried out on the brake pad. Waste materials such as banana peel, bagasse, periwinkle shell, palm kernel shell, amongst others, were employed as common additives in the production of the brake pad. Exploring utilizing industrial and agro-waste in the development of a viable brake pad as an alternative to the existing brake pad is therefore reviewed.
Energy Requisite and Drying Capacity of a Superheated Steam Dryer
Authors: Adewumi A.D , Ojediran J.O , Oladele S.O , Olumuyiwa M , Okonkwo C. E , Olayanju T.A
Published: April 2021

This research was carried out to determine the energy requisite in terms of the specific thermal energy consumption, the specific electrical energy consumption and the drying capacity of a superheated steam dryer. The superheated stream dryer consists of a boiler housing, steam transfer pipes made of galvanized steel, super-heater made up of two (2) heater bands of 4000W (used to convert saturated steam to superheated steam), superheated chamber made of galvanized steel, the drying chamber made using stainless steel, a PID temperature controller (for regulating the temperature of superheated steam) as well as a water heater of 1500W to raise the temperature of water to saturation temperature. The result observed revealed that, drying capacity ranged from 0.1 to 0.36 kg/h, specific thermal energy consumption ranged from 9.22 to 19.99 kJ/kg and specific electrical energy consumption ranged from 15.41 to 57.17kWh/kg as influenced by temperatures of 160-180 °C, bed depths of 1 to 5 cm and tempering time of 20 and 40 minutes. Results obtained proves that drying paddy rice in a superheated steam dryer in comparison with hot air dryer has lesser energy consumption and saves operational cost.
Development of Adult Mosquito Fanless Trap
Authors: Oriyomi M. O. , Babalola P. O.
Published: April 2021

Passive electro-mechanical traps for recognisance of mosquitoes’ menace continued to be advanced with the use of light-emitting diode (LED) as a lure for mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) traps. This work further the advancement of mosquitoes LED trap deploying recently manufactured low energy LED. Tests were conducted to determine the best trapping funnel diameter. The task was situated inside the living region in Lagos State, Nigeria. The number of lured and caught mosquitoes were analysed. In the experiment conducted over five nights; funnel diameter of 12 mm had the highest number of catch with fifty-six (56) mosquitos, followed by 10mm diameter with twenty-five (25) mosquitoes. 14mm diameter captured nineteen (19) mosquitoes, and 8mm diameter attracted ten (10) mosquitoes. Other widths higher than 14mm and lower than 8mm caught zero mosquitoes. The trap did not capture male Anopheles mosquito. The low ratio of damage mosquitoes to identifiable mosquitoes shows that the trap can be compared to the Silva trap and Communicable Disease Center (CDC) traps.
Analyses of the effects of Avocado oil on mild steel corrosion in 1 M of sulphuric acidic solution
Authors: Igheghe Solomon O. , Fajobi Muyiwa A. , Okeniyi Joshua O.
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the effects of Avocado oil on mild steel corrosion in 1 M H2SO4 solution using gravimetric method and its requisite analyses. Concentrations of the oil for the acidic environment were varied for their anticorrosion effectiveness study on the metal. Results obtained show the organic inhibitor compound maintained excellent inhibition efficiencies at 5% concentration of the avocado oil, while the lower concentrations of the oil exhibited increasing trends of effectiveness, on the mild steel corrosion. That this result is suggestive of being due to the adsorption reaction of the avocado oil on the surface of the mild steel samples was detailed via the Langmuir adsorption isotherm modelling analyses presented in study.
Anticorrosion Behaviour of Zinc Oxide on Aluminum in 2 M of Hydrochloric Acidic Solution
Authors: Igheghe Solomon O. , Fajobi Muyiwa A. , Joshua O. Okeniyi
Published: April 2021

The inhibitive effect of zinc oxide on the corrosion of aluminum in 2 M HCl solution was studied using gravimetric analysis. Different concentrations of the ZnO were varied for their anticorrosion behavior study on the metal. Results showed that the zinc oxide exhibited very good performance, with inhibition efficiency of up to 89%, at reducing the corrosion of aluminum in the acidic chloride environment.
Corrosion mitigating techniques and the mechanisms: Comment
Authors: Ayodeji A.I. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Babaremu K.O. , Abioye P.O. , Agboola O. , Daniyan A.A.
Published: April 2021

A lasting solution is required to curb the corrosion attack because of the very destructive effect it has on engineering materials. Corrosion is a material degrading phenomenon that reduces the significant properties of metallic materials, making them less useful. This paper has been able to highlight the very suitable methods or techniques that help to mitigate the effect of corrosion on metals and other helpful engineering materials. Some of these methods are electrodeposition and protective coatings like organic coatings, inorganic coatings, and metallic coatings.
Overview of Sensor Analysis for Health Monitoring - An Expert System for Catfish Pond
Authors: Ayodele A.T. , Bolaji B.O. , Arowolo M.O. , Olanipekun M.U.
Published: April 2021

Farming in Nigeria should grow away from its predominance in subsistence practice into majorly mechanized system of farming which implies moving to another dimension on the implementation processes. Farming has over a long time being subsistence for obvious reasons, the need for efficient health monitoring mechatronics devices in the area of fish farming become therefore necessary for effectiveness and efficiency. This paper presents an overview of the need of novel techniques and technological solutions for the problems confronting traditional fish farming in Nigeria. The paper also analyzed the application of sensors for instantaneous health monitoring of aquaculture system with special reference to catfish. The requirements and the exploits into the visibility of fibre optic sensor application in this regards with consideration to structural intelligence were critically analyzed. Fibre optics is a major building block in the mechatronic infrastructure, its high bandwidth capabilities and low attenuation characteristics justified its consideration in the system for data transmission. Finally, the fundamental viability of FOS in achieving intelligent aquaculture cost effective system was analysed.
A mini review on the dependent factor causing corrosion crises: The pictorial perspective
Authors: Ajoku N.N.M. , Fayomi O. S. I. , Olanrewaju G. , Olusanyan D.
Published: April 2021

Corrosion has been responsible for failures in different engineering applications and efforts to prevent it has cost thousands of dollars, thereby impacting negatively on the economies of companies, institutions and nations globally. Concerted efforts are ongoing to provide the requisite materials that could help in mitigating the corrosion crises in different applications. This overview explore one of such efforts to understand the iterative factors that results in corrosion crises and how they can be controlled through advanced material technology.
Evaluation of microstructural and structural characterization of rolled medium carbon steel quenched in different media
Authors: Joshua T.O. , Fayomi O. S. I. , Seriki Ege O. , Udoye N.E
Published: April 2021

This paper studied the effect of quenching media on the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel at particular austenitic temperatures. All the samples except the as-received were heated to the austenitic temperatures of 870 °C, respectively, held for 45 minutes each and quenched in different media i.e. SAE 0 - 40 engine oil, Honey, palm Oil, water and freshly extracted cassava juice. Hardness tests, tensile tests, and microstructural examinations were used to evaluate the quenchants’ effect on the properties of the steel. The results show that the as-quenched samples in oil and honey are fully bainitic structures. Simultaneously, samples quenched in water and cassava juice produced solely martensitic structure because of the sudden temperature change. These structures are unique and were responsible for the improved and favorable mechanical properties so observed.
Effect of Machining On Stainless Steel: A Review
Authors: Elewa R R , Araoyinbo A O , Fayomi O S I , Samuel A U , Biodun M B , Udoye N E
Published: April 2021

Machining takes place when a part of undesirable material ranging from metals, polymer, and wood to ceramic or even composite is removed from a part to give a better shape and design. The parts that are machined are called workpiece and undesirable materials are called the chips. The machining process is in three forms which are the conventional (traditional) process, abrasive process and non-traditional processes. This review paper focused on the various forms of machining in stainless steel, based on the machine able family. Stainless found the way into various applications resulting in their wide usage which include equipment in the industries, equipment’s in beverage and food, automotive trim and cookware. This paper aims at opening more light on the importance of stainless steel during machining operations.
Analysis of Reliability and Safety Issues in Engineering Systems: A Multi-criteria Approach
Authors: Aikhuele D.O. , Ighravwe D.E. , Onyisi O. , Fayomi O.S.I.
Published: April 2021

The current huge investments in engineering systems have created a renewed concern about their reliability and safety among scholars and practitioners. This article bridges the knowledge gap in the evaluation of reliability and safety concerns in engineering systems. It uses a literature review and qualitative content analysis method to identify the underlying factors that cause reliability and safety issues in engineering systems. The identified factors are organizational, environmental, and physical and mechanical factors. An extended Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method was used to determine rank these factors criticality to accidents occurrence in engineering systems. FAHP’s applicability was demonstrated using cranes as a case study. Based on the analysis of three experts’ evaluations, the environmental factor is the most critical accidents in engineering systems. On the other hand, the organizational factor is the least critical factor to accidents in engineering systems. The study will be beneficial to product development/manufacturing companies. Its findings could provide practitioners and scholars with sound knowledge of the implications of reliability and safety issues on engineering systems accidents.
Development and Implementation of Location-Based Mobile Job Portal for Blue-Collar Jobs in Nigeria
Authors: Aligbe Alex , Ikechukwu N. G. , Okoyeigbo O. , Uyi A. , Olajube A. , Adoghe A. U.
Published: April 2021

Due to the unavailability of white-collar jobs and a steady rise in the unemployment rate in Nigeria, it has caused many Nigerians to stop their search for white-collar jobs and pick up blue-collar jobs alternative source of income. However, due to high capital demands to open workspace and a general lack of business advertisement, most blue-collar businesses start-up never make it out of the infant stage. Location-based service (LBS) was aimed at solving the above problem. And the implementation of an android E-commerce mobile application that helps blue-collar artisans find job opportunities within their locality. This paper describes the architecture of location-based service and design and develops a mobile app to mitigate the issue stated above.
Corrosion Phenomena and the Occurrences; A comment
Authors: Ayodeji A.I. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Daniyan A.A. , Babaremu K.O. , Abioye P.O. , Agboola O.
Published: April 2021

Corrosion refers to the deterioration of metallic materials resulting from the reactions between the components and their environe. However, corrosion occurs every day in the human world, both in industrial operations and domestically. This happens in different ways, making it well categorized into various types. This paper has concisely reported the basic phenomenon of corrosion, its environmental effect, and the various types like a crevice, pitting, erosion, and others. The Electrochemical behavior of corrosion was also reported as reactions that include oxidation and reduction reactions; oxidation reactions increase the valence number of materials by removing particles from the material, making them positively charged. In other ways, technological advancement has provided several attempts to understand this catastrophe, providing consistent mitigating measures and control toward attaining less cost. This overview studies the electrochemical corrosion phenomena and the prospect of materials selection in curtailing the ranging challenges.
Trends in Polymer Development: Effects and Consolidation Processes
Authors: Adegbola T.A. , Agboola O. , Fayomi O.S.I.
Published: April 2021

Polymer development has seen broad growth, in research innovation and interest with major investment over the years. Improvement in polymer development have effectively influenced the modern world and transformed the quality of life in numerous spheres of domestic and industrial activities. These have added a new dimension into standards of life and extensive product development The aim of this review is to guide relevant authority on the need for the development of reliable polymers that can perform effectively in comparison with metals and its alloys at mild and extreme temperatures.

The effects of the advancement of polymer development can be seen across the globe, this is due to the advance in material science and technology. This is by means of global idea exchange and cutting-edge technology transfer through different platforms from researchers, industries and government across the globe. This will lead to the exploration of numerous polymers consolidation processes and instituting more research to achieve this by means of technology development and adaptive software programs application.

In view of this, consolidation processes through industries and academics with government collaboration is needed to guide the development for both the present and future development and application.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Pneumatic Fluid Pumping System
Authors: Adeodu O. A. , Daniyan I. A. , Usoro I. K. , Asuquo A. I. , Bello K. A , Oloyede O. R.
Published: April 2021

This project is based on the development of a pneumatic pumping system that operates using pneumatic cylinders as the actuator. The pump is self-priming and supplies fluids at high pressure and constant flow rates compared to normal centrifugal pumps. In this work, a 3D model is developed using Solid-works software and the pneumatic circuit used is simulated using FESTO fluid simulator. The modelling and design of the Pneumatic fluid pumping system were done using existing design parameters of a reciprocating pump as the basis and in fabricating the system. The performance evaluation of the pumping system was carried out by conducting integrity test on the joints and valves by introducing compressed air at a constant pressure of 10 bar into the cylinders to ascertain any leakages through the joints and valves. Also, experimental plots of discharge head against flow rates in the range of 800 to 7890 mm give flowrate between 3.87 × 10-4m3/sec to 1.48 × 10-4m3/sec, respectively were obtained. The wear and tear in the system have been reduced due to reduction in moving parts and the elimination of prime movers. The design will find useful application in oil and gas industries and where flows through high suction and head are need. Based on the results are presented, recommendations to improve the system for better performance were also suggested.
Material Selection and Processing Techniques: Crucial Factors for Gear Engineering
Authors: Salawu E.Y. , Ajayi O.O. , Inegbenebor A.O. , Akinlabi S , Afolalu S.A. , Aroyinbo A.
Published: April 2021

Gear drives are susceptible to consistent wear due to repeated cyclic stress around the teeth while in the application. The repeated cyclic loadings have effects on the tribological performance of the components. Also, the downtime data from bottling plants showed that there is a significant increase in gear failure, which resulted in maintenance costs. The contact between a pair of gear in the mesh is complex, which leads to several failure modes like; micropitting, scuffing, micro pitting, and wear as a result of rotation. Materials formed the fundamental elements in which production/manufacturing processes depend on. The selection of materials for high-quality manufacturing depends significantly on the complicated relationship between their properties and manufacturing techniques. Recently, great varieties of materials and processing techniques are available to a gear designer. However, the choice of material and processing methods at a minimized cost poses a challenge to gear designers. In the present study, the importance of material selection and processing methods towards efficient gear design and transmission have been enumerated. Failures associated with materials and processing techniques have also been established as well as the methods of improving the mechanical properties. It is expected that the adoption of the highlighted findings into gear design would result in a reduction of failures and efficient gear transmission.
Performance Characterization of a Kenics Static Mixer Using Slotted Elements
Authors: Towoju O. A. , Ishola F. A.
Published: April 2021

The pharmaceutical, biomedical, bioenergy, and consumer products industries rely heavily on the mixing of fluids. The bulk of the processes that are undergone in these industries are laminar flowing fluids with the attendant need for low-pressure losses which the Kenics static mixers are better suited for. The mixing of fluids is achieved through the splitting and shearing at successive element junctions and stretching and folding along the length of the elements. The performance of Kenics static mixers can be enhanced by optimizing the total blade twist angle, however, the blade pitch has little or no impactful effect. The device geometry optimization is a criterion for its performance enhancement. This study investigates the output mixture strength of the Kenics static mixer using slotted mixer elements solved numerically with Finite Element Method code; COMSOL Multiphysics. The Kenics static mixer performance was optimized with the use of slotted mixer elements as it was observed that the slot width size and a varying number of slots on the mixer elements had an impact on its performance.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Buoyancy Flow in A Differentially Heated Square Cavity
Authors: Olayemi O.A. , Olabemiwo J.T , Jolayemi T.S. , Oladosu K. O. , Odetunde C. , Adegun I.K.
Published: April 2021

The present study analyzes conjugate heat transfer in a differentially heated square cavity. The left wall of the cavity is cooled, and the right wall is heated while the horizontal walls are adiabatic. Normalized continuity, momentum and energy transport equations were solved with the aid of COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software. The effects of Rayleigh number in the range of 102 ⩽ RA ⩽ 106 and Prandtl number in the range of 0.71 ⩽ PR ⩽ 100 on streamlines, isotherms, and the overall heat transfer in the cavity are reported. The results show that for all the Rayleigh numbers considered, the local Nusselt number and the average Nusselt number increase with increasing value of Rayleigh number. Furthermore, for 0.71 ⩽ PR ⩽ 100, the study reveals that Prandtl number has a minimal effect on the overall rate of heat transfer.
Characterization of Liquid and Solid Products from Pyrolysis of Terminalia ivorensis
Authors: Oyebanji J.A. , Okekunle P.O. , Oyedepo S.O. , Fayomi O. S. I.
Published: April 2021

Terminalia ivorensis wood sawdust (TIWS) was pyrolyzed under nitrogen atmosphere. Pyrolysis temperature influence on the product yields and the fuel properties of the yields were investigated between heating range of 400 – 700 °C. The peak condition for bio-oil yield from pyrolysis was determined. The proximate and elemental analysis of the raw sample and bio-char yields at different temperatures were carried out. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of the bio-oil obtained at the optimum condition was also done. The optimum yield of bio-oil (50%) was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. The proximate and elemental analysis results of the raw sample showed volatile matter and carbon were 75.22 and 49.80%, respectively with a Higher Heating Value (HHV) of 19.71 MJ/kg while those of bio-char showed average values of 14.38 and 75.45%, with an average HHV of 26.14 MJ/kg. GCMS analysis showed that dominant hydrocarbon mixtures in the bio-oil were palmitic acid (16.0%), cis-1, 9-hexadecadiene (15.0%), cis-10-pentadecen-1-ol (14.0%), 9-octadecenal (12.0%), trans-2-octadecadecen-1-ol (12.0%), oleic acid (7.3%), myristic acid (4.0%) and stearic acid (3.0%). These findings revealed considerable amounts of hydrocarbons, fatty acids, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, furan and phenolic compounds in bio-oil derived from pyrolysis of TIWS, making it a potential source of bio-fuel and chemical compounds, and that the derived bio-chars have sufficient heating values for solid fuel applications.
Sustainability Assessment of Traffic Flow in Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ogunlade T. O. , Ogunyebi S. N. , Akindutire O. R. , Ajewole O. R. , Okoro J. O.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, traffic flow has been studied using speed density regression coefficient. Traffic congestion and its attendant problems are faced in a lot of cities as it increases travel time, air pollution, carbon emissions and fuel consumption. This study seeks to measure the traffic count along some selected highways in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Data was collected and based on this; we analyze the traffic flow, density, and speed on these roads and the relationships between them. The analysis carried out on all the lanes which are one-lane highways shows a good fit of correlation coefficient.
Mathematical Modelling of Inpatient Flow and Bed Allocation in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Ogunlade T.O. , Olorunsola S. A. , Adeleke R. A. , Akindutire O. R. , Okoro J. O.
Published: April 2021

Unnecessary delay on queues at hospitals and lack of access to care are associated to loss of lives. In this study we analyze the flow of inpatients in order to find out the appropriate number of beds needed to realize a smooth flow at points where congestion existed in a Nigerian university teaching hospital. Basic hospital statistics, like percentage occupancy, bed turnover rate, etc., are computed and we use queuing model to analyze patient flow and allocation of beds and demonstrate that patient flow in the hospital can be modeled using Erlang loss model.
Biodiesel Fuel Production Processes: A Short Review
Authors: Ayoola A.A. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Adegbite O.A. , Raji O.
Published: April 2021

This review considered the recent efforts made in the biodiesel fuel production processes. The review on some of these production techniques centered on their cutting edge as well as their limitations. The review shows the possibility of having simple production techniques with a set of favourable processing conditions that will result into quality biodiesel production at the possible minimum costs.
Fabrication of Nano Particle Titanium Dioxide via Acidic and Alkaline Electrolytes
Authors: Araoyinbo A O , Omotosho O A , Afolalu S A , Fajobi M A
Published: April 2021

In this study, titanium dioxide nano particles were produced by an electrochemical process in a strongly acidic (pH1) and alkaline (pH9) electrolytes. The anodization of titanium foil in an electrolyte produces an oxide form of the metal when an applied potential is supplied to the metal that is in contact with the aqueous solution. The electrolyte type is important in the formation of a nanotubes, nanopores or nano particles on the surface of the metal. The applied potential was 20 V from a dc supply and the electrolyte conditions were adjusted with the use of aqueous sodium hydroxide pellets. The heat-treated Titanium dioxide nano particles are known to possess photocatalytic capabilities for purification and destruction of microorganisms in contaminated solutions. In order to produce the nanoparticles at pH1, an aqueous hydrofluoric acid electrolyte was initially prepared and for pH9 a separately prepared HF solution was adjusted with sodium hydroxide pellets until the pH value was achieved. After the anodization process the heat treatment of the samples was performed at 300, 500, and 700 °C to observe the phase transformation from an amorphous nanoparticle to anatase and rutile phase. The morphology testing was by field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) machine to observe the presence of the nano particles at the substrate surface. The phase transformation was characterized with the use of an X-ray differential (XRD) to identify the presence of anatase and the rutile phases.
Study on Optimum Steam to Oxygen Blowing Ratio for Enhanced Chromium Recovery from Ferrochromium in Creusot Loire Uddeholm Converter
Authors: Okanigbe D.O. , Letsie T. , Popoola A. P. I.
Published: April 2021

Currently, the yield of metallic chromium from ferrochromium (FeCr) in Creusot Loire Uddeholm converter (hereafter abbreviated as CLU), is below optimum, owing to poor oxidation of FeCr feed. Consequently, oxygen not only reacts with carbon but chromium too, thereby causing a reduction in yield of metallic chromium. Howbeit, the focus of this research was to determine the optimum steam to oxygen blow ratio for enhanced chromium recovery from CLU converter. The focus was achieved by determining best slag chemistry for recovery of metallic chromium and carbon level switchover for best blowing ratio. Both feed and outputs from CLU process were analyzed using the ICP AES for elemental contents. The results obtained showed an increase in chromium content by16%, and a reduction in carbon content by 71%, while change in iron content was approximately 0% after refining, at a slag basicity of 1.1 to 1.4 and slag chemistry of CaO (32.5 wt%), MgO (11.5 wt%) and SiO2 (38.7 wt%). In conclusion, the best chromium recovery at lowest carbon content was achieved at an oxygen to steam blowing ratio of 6 to 10 and critical carbon content switchover point of 2.1 wt%.
Effectiveness of BIM-based visualization technologies for construction site health and safety management: A Meta-synthesis Approach
Authors: Akinlolu Mariam , Haupt Theo C.
Published: April 2021

Drawing from existing studies, this study presents a meta-synthesis aimed to examine the effectiveness of BIM-based visualization systems for health and safety management on construction job sites in comparison to other methods. A systematic review and qualitative method of methasynthensis was conducted. An online literature search was conducted in December 2019 to obtain 64 studies published on BIM and visualization technologies in the construction environment from the Scopus database. For further selection and inclusion, the abstracts, titles, and keywords of the 64 papers were reviewed, and three filter criteria were applied to eliminate unnecessary papers that did not align with the research subject and theme. After filtration, a total of 45 publications were selected. A synthesis was conducted on a set of 6 papers on BIM and visualization technologies for construction safety management. The study identified key themes and categories and observable patterns among studies. The qualitative review revealed that the number of accidents, injuries, and property damaged was significantly lower when BIM combined with visualization systems were used. Additionally, many of the studies justified the use of visualization technologies linked with BIM. These studies showed that the integration allowed safety managers to develop adequate safety plans, inspect construction projects, collect, and analyze data on safety violations, and monitor hazardous situations in real-time.
BIPV Potentials in Overcoming Energy Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Olajube A. A. , Simeon M. , Amuta E. O. , Aligbe A. , Uyi A. , Adoghe A. U.
Published: April 2021

The incorporation of the solar panels to the building roof envelopes, also referred to as the building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV), is gradually gaining recognition in the energy-efficient systems. Apart from providing aesthetics, it is also a cost-effective, innovative, space-conservative, and pollution-free power generating technology from buildings. This technology is very economical because it helps to save the space required for PV panels that could be used for other infrastructural projects. an enormous power can be generated from buildings and added to the energy mix to help meet the increasing power demand. The BIPV potential for facades, rooftops, and windows is assessed in this article for Sub-Saharan African countries by evaluating the various methodologies that have been used globally, state of the art, and the relevant research areas for the future clean electricity harvesting schemes in buildings.
Nanotechnology Applications in Systhesis Of Bioplastic
Authors: Abioye Abiodun A. , Afolalu Sunday A. , Yusuf Olabisi O. , Emetere Moses E. , Ongbali Samson O. , Mfon Udo , Samuel Olusegun D. , Olayinka Ayotunde
Published: April 2021

The plastic industry is often plagued with the inability to find an optimal balance between mechanical properties, cost of production and acceptable level of biodegradability of plastics. As a result of these problems, several methods of synthesis are sought after in a bid to produce competitive biodegradable effective materials which can be applied in various industries. This paper focuses on procedures to enhance the production of plastics; through agricultural waste and applying nanotechnology for better enhanced plastic products.
The Potential for a Sustainable Biodiesel Production by Modified Biobased Catalyst–A review
Authors: Bitire S.O. , Jen T. C. , Belaid M.
Published: April 2021

Biodiesel which is a green fuel derived by the transesterification of vegetable oil is a renewable and environmentally friendly approach to energy generation. Unlike diesel fuel, that has greatly fostered greenhouse gas emissions, a major concern for the environment. On the other hand, the use of biodiesel is economically feasible and biodegradable with lower toxicity. Biodiesel is made from different materials but the availability of these materials as well as the cost-effectiveness are the contributing factors to the large-scale production of biodiesel. Thus, interest in a potentially clean and easily available sustainable energy from fairly cheap eco-friendly materials is a necessity. Biobase catalysts are derived from reusable, non-toxic, high catalytic activity materials that have high water tolerance properties and are capable of preventing the formation of by-products such as soaps produced when homogeneous catalysts are adopted which requires lots of water to be removed and disposed properly. Hence, this review was carried out to assess the recent heterogeneous biobased and modified biobased catalyst for sustainable production of biodiesel and compare their performance in terms of biodiesel yield, quality, and suitability for industrial application. The current diversion into biodiesel production using waste biobased catalysts has paved the way for sustainable energy management by means of converting waste to cleaner energy production.
Optimizing the Rheology of Concrete modified with High Silica and Alumina Precursor for Normal Workability in the Built Environment
Authors: Oyebisi S. O. , Ede A.N. , Owamah H. I. , Oluwafemi J.O. , Sani R. O. , Odetoyan A.O. , Akpabot A. I.
Published: April 2021

Concrete performance in its fresh state is not only pertinent for proper concrete placement, consolidation, and finishing but also its properties in its hardened state. Thus, this study optimized the rheology of concrete modified with high silica and alumina precursor (cashew nutshell ash (CNA)). Cashew nutshell was recycled, and the ash obtained was used at 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of cement using the concrete mix designs of grades C 25-40 to attain the target strengths of 25-40 MPa at 28 days. Both slump and its corresponding compressive strength were determined. Moreover, the concrete slump was optimized using the experimental mix design properties (EMDPs) such as cementitious materials, water/cementitious materials, and cementitious materials/aggregate ratios, as independent (continuous variables). The findings showed that EMDPs influenced the rheology of fresh concrete, significantly, hence yielding an optimized high precision with 99 % R2. Therefore, the model can be used to predict the normal workability of the concrete incorporating CNA in the built environment.
Assessing the potential of inhibitors and essential drugs toward corrosion preventive measure
Authors: Nduma R.C. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Udoye N. E.
Published: April 2021

Corrosion as a major problem and inhibition of corrosion can be said to be the best economic option applied when mitigating corrosion. Corrosion inhibition has already been established in various commercial enterprises, either for the protection of pipes in the petroleum industry or to reduce the disintegration rate of feed water sections or boilers or also used to cut down the sulphide induced decomposition in industries that are being utilized for the gasification of steel pipelines. Thus, this overview establishes the fundamental principle of inhibitor usage on metallic materials and the factor affecting the choice of the inhibitor.
Design and fabrication of an electrical-powered roasted groundnut decorticator
Authors: Amosun S. T. , Anisiji E.O. , Samuel O.D. , Emagbetere E. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Ogunleye T.O , Azike S.E. , Kaffo P.O.
Published: April 2021

Worldwide roasted groundnuts available in different packages and variations are widely consumed by people. In spite of this, effective roasted groundnut decorticating machines are not readily available in developing countries like Nigeria. Roasted groundnuts are peeled manually which does not produce large output and cannot meet market demands. The decorticating machine is designed to comprise a hopper to feed in the roasted seeds, a rotating spiked tooth drum and a blower powered by 1 HP electric motor, tripping is done by holding the seed over the spiked cylinder. The stripped kernels fall below and are collected separately. Blower is incorporated into the machine to separate lighter seeds and chaff from the peeled groundnuts. The components were designed, fabricated and assembled accordingly. Experimental runs were conducted to evaluate the performance of the machine. The results obtained indicated that the decorticator has a throughput of 16.95kg/hr. It also has peeling and material efficiencies of 90.5 and 94.75% with 5.25% damage. It can be concluded that the machine was functional.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Box-Type Solar Cooker
Authors: Amosun S.T. , Samuel O.D. , Idi S. , Ashiedu F.I. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Anisiji E.O , Azike S.E. , Nelson J.O.
Published: April 2021

The attributes of size optimization and good heat storage capability coupled with the efficient performance have made box type solar cooker a preferable cooker among its peers. This research work developed and evaluated the performance of the box-type solar cooker. It comprises a rectangular box with the inner walls forming the cooking chamber made into the shape of an inverted, truncated square-based pyramid. Insulating glass wool is used to fill the gap between the internal and external walls. The cooker collector surface consists of a double glazed lid, which is rigidly framed and hinged to one side of the box. A framed reflector is also incorporated to boost the isolation and cover the glazing when the cooker is not functioning. The reflector, when in use, is always oriented towards the sun. The cooking chamber is actually formed by aluminum tray with slanting sides, and the base is painted matte black and adapted as the absorber. Flexible tube is passed through the side walls to the exterior to release steam into the surrounding. Access to the cooking chamber is by lifting the jointed glass lid. Sensible and no-load tests were conducted at different atmospheric temperatures. The ambient temperatures recorded for four consecutive days were: 303, 304.5, 302 and 306K. The increase in temperature of the cooker was recorded at 20 minutes interval. The maximum absorber temperatures during no-load test at the atmospheric temperatures recorded were: 378, 380, 374 and 383K respectively. The cooker was also used to boil 450 ml of water and 250 g of rice. It was observed that it took about 38 minutes for the rice to be cooked during sensible test. The efficiency of the cooker was also found to be 72.21%.
The future of smart city: A review of the impending smart city technologies in the world
Authors: Okafor CC , Aigbavboa CO , Akinradewo OI , Thwala WD
Published: April 2021

Smart city is one of the major trending topics of the 4th industrial revolution. It can be described as a city that operates with the help of information communication technology. The world’s population explosion has made the need for smart city ever significant considering the UN statistics. In other to develop new ideas for future technologies of smart cities, this study aimed at reviewing existing literature related to the technologies that will form an integral part of the future smart cities. This study adopted an efficient literature review method by sourcing published journal articles, books and conference articles from web of science and scopus database. The study revealed moveable smart city, automated pandemic detecting city, driverless cars, online central government treasury app, automated self-repairable smart city, 100% online education, financial technology and national e-voting system as key technologies of the future smart cities.
A Concise Review of the Evolution of Information and Communication Technologies For Engineering Innovations
Authors: Odubiyi T.B. , Aigbavboa C. O. , Thwala W. D.
Published: April 2021

The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector like its counterpart utilize information and communication technologies. currently, there a variety of discussions on industry 4.0. This review presented the evolution of information and communication technologies as related to the industry. Technologies, as they evolved from different eras, are discussed in this study. The pre-mechanical era, the mechanical era, electromechanical age, electronic era, and the digital era of technological tools were discussed. The acceptance and diffusion of these engineering innovations were also discussed considering the construction industry. This study concludes by identifying the sustainability concerns of these engineering innovations.
Corrosion Characteristics and Passive Behavioral Responses
Authors: Ogunleye O.D. , Odulanmi O.A. , Fayomi O.S.I.
Published: April 2021

The problem of corrosion is just about as old as the history of metals. As long as metals have been refined, they have corroded. Metals are an essential part of our lives in human civilization but with their use come the problem of corrosion. It tarnishes the appearance of the metals and it greatly shortens their life span resulting in heavy costs for replacement. Corrosion has been a problem to be tackled for many centuries. Therefore, it may come as a surprise that significant breakthroughs in its reduction and control have only occurred in the past six decades. This study explore past assertion on corrosion with its refining cycle, the category of influence, and the mitigation mechanism.