bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Annual cycle observations of aerosols capable of ice formation in central Arctic clouds
Authors: Creamean Jessie M. , Barry Kevin , Hill Thomas C. J. , Hume Carson , DeMott Paul J. , Shupe Matthew D. , Dahlke Sandro , Willmes Sascha , Schmale Julia , Beck Ivo , Hoppe Clara J. M. , Fong Allison , Chamberlain Emelia , Bowman Jeff , Scharien Randall , Persson Ola
Published: June 2022

The Arctic is warming faster than anywhere else on Earth, prompting glacial melt, permafrost thaw, and sea ice decline. These severe consequences induce feedbacks that contribute to amplified warming, affecting weather and climate globally. Aerosols and clouds play a critical role in regulating radiation reaching the Arctic surface. However, the magnitude of their effects is not adequately quantified, especially in the central Arctic where they impact the energy balance over the sea ice. Specifically, aerosols called ice nucleating particles (INPs) remain understudied yet are necessary for cloud ice production and subsequent changes in cloud lifetime, radiative effects, and precipitation. Here, we report observations of INPs in the central Arctic over a full year, spanning the entire sea ice growth and decline cycle. Further, these observations are size-resolved, affording valuable information on INP sources. Our results reveal a strong seasonality of INPs, with lower concentrations in the winter and spring controlled by transport from lower latitudes, to enhanced concentrations of INPs during the summer melt, likely from marine biological production in local open waters. This comprehensive characterization of INPs will ultimately help inform cloud parameterizations in models of all scales.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant causes mild pathology in the upper and lower respiratory tract of hamsters
Authors: Armando Federico , Beythien Georg , Kaiser Franziska K. , Allnoch Lisa , Heydemann Laura , Rosiak Malgorzata , Becker Svenja , Gonzalez-Hernandez Mariana , Lamers Mart M. , Haagmans Bart L. , Guilfoyle Kate , van Amerongen Geert , Ciurkiewicz Malgorzata , Osterhaus Albert D.M.E. , Baumgärtner Wolfgang
Published: June 2022

Since its discovery in 2019, multiple variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been identified. This study investigates virus spread and associated pathology in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of Syrian golden hamsters at 4 days post intranasal SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection, in comparison to infection with variants of concern (VOCs) Gamma and Delta as well as ancestral strain 614 G. Pathological changes in the upper and lower respiratory tract of VOC Omicron infected hamsters are milder than those caused by other investigated strains. VOC Omicron infection causes a mild rhinitis with little involvement of the olfactory epithelium and minimal lesions in the lung, with frequent sparing of the alveolar compartment. Similarly, viral antigen, RNA and infectious virus titers are lower in respiratory tissues of VOC Omicron infected hamsters. These findings demonstrate that the variant has a decreased pathogenicity for the upper and lower respiratory tract of hamsters.
Mapping the conformational energy landscape of Abl kinase using ClyA nanopore tweezers
Authors: Li Fanjun , Fahie Monifa A. , Gilliam Kaitlyn M. , Pham Ryan , Chen Min
Published: June 2022

Protein kinases play central roles in cellular regulation by catalyzing the phosphorylation of target proteins. Kinases have inherent structural flexibility allowing them to switch between active and inactive states. Quantitative characterization of kinase conformational dynamics is challenging. Here, we use nanopore tweezers to assess the conformational dynamics of Abl kinase domain, which is shown to interconvert between two major conformational states where one conformation comprises three sub-states. Analysis of kinase-substrate and kinase-inhibitor interactions uncovers the functional roles of relevant states and enables the elucidation of the mechanism underlying the catalytic deficiency of an inactive Abl mutant G321V. Furthermore, we obtain the energy landscape of Abl kinase by quantifying the population and transition rates of the conformational states. These results extend the view on the dynamic nature of Abl kinase and suggest nanopore tweezers can be used as an efficient tool for other members of the human kinome.
Global stable-isotope tracing metabolomics reveals system-wide metabolic alternations in aging Drosophila
Authors: Wang Ruohong , Yin Yandong , Li Jingshu , Wang Hongmiao , Lv Wanting , Gao Yang , Wang Tangci , Zhong Yedan , Zhou Zhiwei , Cai Yuping , Su Xiaoyang , Liu Nan , Zhu Zheng-Jiang
Published: June 2022

System-wide metabolic homeostasis is crucial for maintaining physiological functions of living organisms. Stable-isotope tracing metabolomics allows to unravel metabolic activity quantitatively by measuring the isotopically labeled metabolites, but has been largely restricted by coverage. Delineating system-wide metabolic homeostasis at the whole-organism level remains challenging. Here, we develop a global isotope tracing metabolomics technology to measure labeled metabolites with a metabolome-wide coverage. Using Drosophila as an aging model organism, we probe the in vivo tracing kinetics with quantitative information on labeling patterns, extents and rates on a metabolome-wide scale. We curate a system-wide metabolic network to characterize metabolic homeostasis and disclose a system-wide loss of metabolic coordinations that impacts both intra- and inter-tissue metabolic homeostasis significantly during Drosophila aging. Importantly, we reveal an unappreciated metabolic diversion from glycolysis to serine metabolism and purine metabolism as Drosophila aging. The developed technology facilitates a system-level understanding of metabolic regulation in living organisms.
Cognition as a mediator for gait and balance impairments in GBA-related Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Morris Rosie , Martini Douglas N. , Ramsey Katrina , Kelly Valerie E. , Smulders Katrijn , Hiller Amie , Chung Kathryn A. , Hu Shu-Ching , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Poston Kathleen L. , Mata Ignacio F. , Edwards Karen L. , Lapidus Jodi , Cholerton Brenna , Montine Thomas J. , Quinn Joseph F. , Horak Fay
Published: June 2022

The extent to which the heterogeneity of gait and balance problems in PD may be explained by genetic variation is unknown. Variants in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene are the strongest known genetic risk factor for PD and are associated with greater motor and cognitive severity. However, the impact of GBA variants on comprehensive measures of gait and balance and their relationship to cognition remains unknown. We aimed to determine differences in gait and balance impairments in those with and without GBA variants (mutation carriers and E326K polymorphism) and explore direct and indirect effects of GBA status on gait, balance, and cognition. 332 participants, 43 of whom had GBA variants, were recruited. Participants completed a comprehensive, objective assessment of gait and standing balance using body-worn inertial sensors. Group differences in gait and balance between PD with and without GBA variants were assessed with linear regression, adjusting for age, gender, clinical testing site, disease duration, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 status. Structural equation modeling (SEM) explored direct relationships between GBA status and gait and balance and indirect relationships between GBA status and gait and balance via cognition. The GBA variant group had more impaired gait (pace and variability) and balance (sway area/jerk and sway velocity), than the non-GBA variant group. SEM demonstrated cognition as a mediator of GBA status on gait and balance. The close relationships among GBA, gait/balance, and cognition suggest potential for novel therapeutics to target the GBA pathway and/or cognition to improve mobility in PD GBA variants.
Photocaged 5′ cap analogues for optical control of mRNA translation in cells
Authors: Klöcker Nils , Weissenboeck Florian P. , van Dülmen Melissa , Špaček Petr , Hüwel Sabine , Rentmeister Andrea
Published: June 2022

The translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) is a fundamental process in gene expression, and control of translation is important to regulate protein synthesis in cells. The primary hallmark of eukaryotic mRNAs is their 5′ cap, whose molecular contacts to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E govern the initiation of translation. Here we report 5′ cap analogues with photo-cleavable groups (FlashCaps) that prohibit binding to eIF4E and resist cleavage by decapping enzymes. These compounds are compatible with the general and efficient production of mRNAs by in vitro transcription. In FlashCap-mRNAs, the single photocaging group abrogates translation in vitro and in mammalian cells without increasing immunogenicity. Irradiation restores the native cap, triggering efficient translation. FlashCaps overcome the problem of remaining sequence or structure changes in mRNA after irradiation that limited previous designs. Together, these results demonstrate that FlashCaps offer a route to regulate the expression of any given mRNA and to dose mRNA therapeutics with spatio-temporal control.
Genome-wide mapping of somatic mutation rates uncovers drivers of cancer
Authors: Sherman Maxwell A. , Yaari Adam U. , Priebe Oliver , Dietlein Felix , Loh Po-Ru , Berger Bonnie
Published: June 2022

Identification of cancer driver mutations that confer a proliferative advantage is central to understanding cancer; however, searches have often been limited to protein-coding sequences and specific non-coding elements (for example, promoters) because of the challenge of modeling the highly variable somatic mutation rates observed across tumor genomes. Here we present Dig, a method to search for driver elements and mutations anywhere in the genome. We use deep neural networks to map cancer-specific mutation rates genome-wide at kilobase-scale resolution. These estimates are then refined to search for evidence of driver mutations under positive selection throughout the genome by comparing observed to expected mutation counts. We mapped mutation rates for 37 cancer types and applied these maps to identify putative drivers within intronic cryptic splice regions, 5′ untranslated regions and infrequently mutated genes. Our high-resolution mutation rate maps, available for web-based exploration, are a resource to enable driver discovery genome-wide.
Rapid biosensor development using plant hormone receptors as reprogrammable scaffolds
Authors: Beltrán Jesús , Steiner Paul J. , Bedewitz Matthew , Wei Shuang , Peterson Francis C. , Li Zongbo , Hughes Brigid E. , Hartley Zachary , Robertson Nicholas R. , Medina-Cucurella Angélica V. , Baumer Zachary T. , Leonard Alison C. , Park Sang-Youl , Volkman Brian F. , Nusinow Dmitri A. , Zhong Wenwan , Wheeldon Ian , Cutler Sean R. , Whitehead Timothy A.
Published: June 2022

A general method to generate biosensors for user-defined molecules could provide detection tools for a wide range of biological applications. Here, we describe an approach for the rapid engineering of biosensors using PYR1 (Pyrabactin Resistance 1), a plant abscisic acid (ABA) receptor with a malleable ligand-binding pocket and a requirement for ligand-induced heterodimerization, which facilitates the construction of sense–response functions. We applied this platform to evolve 21 sensors with nanomolar to micromolar sensitivities for a range of small molecules, including structurally diverse natural and synthetic cannabinoids and several organophosphates. X-ray crystallography analysis revealed the mechanistic basis for new ligand recognition by an evolved cannabinoid receptor. We demonstrate that PYR1-derived receptors are readily ported to various ligand-responsive outputs, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-like assays, luminescence by protein-fragment complementation and transcriptional circuits, all with picomolar to nanomolar sensitivity. PYR1 provides a scaffold for rapidly evolving new biosensors for diverse sense–response applications.
Drivers of adaptive evolution during chronic SARS-CoV-2 infections
Authors: Harari Sheri , Tahor Maayan , Rutsinsky Natalie , Meijer Suzy , Miller Danielle , Henig Oryan , Halutz Ora , Levytskyi Katia , Ben-Ami Ronen , Adler Amos , Paran Yael , Stern Adi
Published: June 2022

In some immunocompromised patients with chronic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, considerable adaptive evolution occurs. Some substitutions found in chronic infections are lineage-defining mutations in variants of concern (VOCs), which has led to the hypothesis that VOCs emerged from chronic infections. In this study, we searched for drivers of VOC-like emergence by consolidating sequencing results from a set of 27 chronic infections. Most substitutions in this set reflected lineage-defining VOC mutations; however, a subset of mutations associated with successful global transmission was absent from chronic infections. We further tested the ability to associate antibody evasion mutations with patient-specific and virus-specific features and found that viral rebound is strongly correlated with the emergence of antibody evasion. We found evidence for dynamic polymorphic viral populations in most patients, suggesting that a compromised immune system selects for antibody evasion in particular niches in a patient’s body. We suggest that a tradeoff exists between antibody evasion and transmissibility and that extensive monitoring of chronic infections is necessary to further understanding of VOC emergence.
Compilation of parasitic immunogenic proteins from 30 years of published research using machine learning and natural language processing
Authors: Goodswen Stephen J. , Kennedy Paul J. , Ellis John T.
Published: June 2022

The World Health Organisation reported in 2020 that six of the top 10 sources of death in low-income countries are parasites. Parasites are microorganisms in a relationship with a larger organism, the host. They acquire all benefits at the host’s expense. A disease develops if the parasitic infection disrupts normal functioning of the host. This disruption can range from mild to severe, including death. Humans and livestock continue to be challenged by established and emerging infectious disease threats. Vaccination is the most efficient tool for preventing current and future threats. Immunogenic proteins sourced from the disease-causing parasite are worthwhile vaccine components (subunits) due to reliable safety and manufacturing capacity. Publications with ‘subunit vaccine’ in their title have accumulated to thousands over the last three decades. However, there are possibly thousands more reporting immunogenicity results without mentioning ‘subunit’ and/or ‘vaccine’. The exact number is unclear given the non-standardised keywords in publications. The study aim is to identify parasite proteins that induce a protective response in an animal model as reported in the scientific literature within the last 30 years using machine learning and natural language processing. Source code to fulfil this aim and the vaccine candidate list obtained is made available.
Dimensionality reduction of independent influence factors in the objective evaluation of quality of experience
Authors: Skaka-Čekić Fatima , Baraković Husić Jasmina , Odžak Almasa , Hadžialić Mesud , Huremović Adnan , Šehić Kenan
Published: June 2022

Big Data analytics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have become the focus of recent research due to the large amount of data. Dimensionality reduction techniques are recognized as an important step in these analyses. The multidimensional nature of Quality of Experience (QoE) is based on a set of Influence Factors (IFs) whose dimensionality is preferable to be higher due to better QoE prediction. As a consequence, dimensionality issues occur in QoE prediction models. This paper gives an overview of the used dimensionality reduction technique in QoE modeling and proposes modification and use of Active Subspaces Method (ASM) for dimensionality reduction. Proposed modified ASM (mASM) uses variance/standard deviation as a measure of function variability. A straightforward benefit of proposed modification is the possibility of its application in cases when discrete or categorical IFs are included. Application of modified ASM is not restricted to QoE modeling only. Obtained results show that QoE function is mostly flat for small variations of input IFs which is an additional motive to propose a modification of the standard version of ASM. This study proposes several metrics that can be used to compare different dimensionality reduction approaches. We prove that the percentage of function variability described by an appropriate linear combination(s) of input IFs is always greater or equal to the percentage that corresponds to the selection of input IF(s) when the reduction degree is the same. Thus, the proposed method and metrics are useful when optimizing the number of IFs for QoE prediction and a better understanding of IFs space in terms of QoE.
Personality, self-esteem, familiarity, and mental health stigmatization: a cross-sectional vignette-based study
Authors: Steiger Sahar , Sowislo Julia F. , Moeller Julian , Lieb Roselind , Lang Undine E. , Huber Christian G.
Published: June 2022

There has been little research exploring the relationship between personality traits, self-esteem, and stigmatizing attitudes toward those with mental disorders. Furthermore, the mechanisms through which the beholder’s personality influence mental illness stigma have not been tested. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between Big Five personality traits, self-esteem, familiarity, being a healthcare professional, and stigmatization. Moreover, this study aims to explore the mediating effect of perceived dangerousness on the relationship between personality traits and desire for social distance. We conducted a vignette-based representative population survey (N = 2207) in the canton of Basel-Stadt, Switzerland. Multiple regression analyses were employed to examine the associations between personality traits, self-esteem, familiarity, and being a healthcare professional with the desire for social distance and perceived dangerousness. The mediation analyses were performed using the PROCESS macro by Hayes. Analyses showed associations between personality traits and stigmatization towards mental illness. Those who scored higher on openness to experience (β = − 0.13, p < 0.001), (β = − 0.14, p < 0.001), and those who scored higher on agreeableness (β = − 0.15, p < 0.001), (β = − 0.12, p < 0.001) showed a lower desire for social distance and lower perceived dangerousness, respectively. Neuroticism (β = − 0.06, p = 0.012) was inversely associated with perceived dangerousness. Additionally, high self-esteem was associated with increased stigmatization. Personal contact or familiarity with people having mental disorders was associated with decreased stigmatization. Contrarily, healthcare professionals showed higher perceived dangerousness (β = 0.04, p = 0.040). Finally, perceived dangerousness partially mediated the association between openness to experience (indirect effect = −  .57, 95% CI [− .71, − 0.43]) as well as agreeableness (indirect effect = − 0.57, 95% CI [− 0.74, − 0.39]) and desire for social distance. Although the explained variance in all analyses is < 10%, the current findings highlight the role of personality traits and self-esteem in areas of stigma. Therefore, future stigma research and anti-stigma campaigns should take individual differences into consideration. Moreover, the current study suggests that perceived dangerousness mediates the relationship between personality traits and desire for social distance. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of such relationship. Finally, our results once more underline the necessity of increasing familiarity with mentally ill people and of improving the attitude of healthcare professionals towards persons with mental disorders.
Hair cortisol in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Gonzalez D. , Maidana P. , Ibar C. , Jamardo J. , Jacobsen D. , Fritzler A. , Fortuna F. , Fernandez G. , Lamas-Majek E. , Mallea-Gil S. , Ballarino C. , Onetto C. , Lopez M. , Mesch Viviana , Fabre B.
Published: June 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate adrenal axis hyperactivation measuring hair cortisol levels, and its influence on the relationship among metabolic parameters, inflammation markers and androgens in adult women with PCOS. 44 women (18–34 years) with PCOS diagnosis and a control group of 49 healthy women (19–35 years) were included. In both gropus body mass index (BMI) was calculated and waist circumference (WC) was measured. Hair cortisol, total serum testosterone (TT), serum cortisol, 25 OH vitamin D (25OHD), insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL), glucose and leptin were measured. Bioavailable testosterone (bioT) was calculated. Hair cortisol concentration was higher and significantly different in PCOS patients compared to the control group (130 vs 63 pg/mg of hair, p < 0.001). Subsequently, patients with PCOS were divided into two groups according to hair cortisol levels: group 1 with normal hair cortisol concentration and group 2 with levels above the upper limit of the reference values (128 pg/mg of hair). In group 2, TT significantly correlated with 25OHD, hsCRP, TG/HDL index, BMI, WC, insulin and HOMA (p < 0.05); bioT correlated with hsCRP and leptin (p < 0.05). Finally, 25OHD was inversely correlated with leptin and with TG/HDL index (p < 0.05). High hair cortisol concentration in patients with PCOS confirmed hyperactivation of the HPA axis. The associations observed were only found in patients with PCOS with high hair cortisol levels (> 128 pg/mg of hair), showing a possible effect of HPA axis in these associations.
Effect of dietary soybean oil inclusion on liver-related transcription factors in a pig model for metabolic diseases
Authors: Fanalli Simara Larissa , da Silva Bruna Pereira Martins , Gomes Julia Dezen , Ciconello Fernanda Nery , de Almeida Vivian Vezzoni , Freitas Felipe André Oliveira , Moreira Gabriel Costa Monteiro , Silva-Vignato Bárbara , Afonso Juliana , Reecy James , Koltes James , Koltes Dawn , Regitano Luciana Correia Almeida , de Carvalho Baileiro Júlio Cesar , Freitas Luciana , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Fukumasu Heidge , de Alencar Severino Matias , Luchiari Filho Albino , Cesar Aline Silva Mello
Published: June 2022

Dietary fatty acids (FA) are components of the lipids, which contribute to membrane structure, energy input, and biological functions related to cellular signaling and transcriptome regulation. However, the consumers still associate dietary FA with fat deposition and increased occurrence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and atherosclerosis. Previous studies already demonstrated that some fatty acids are linked with inflammatory response, preventing metabolic diseases. To better understand the role of dietary FA on metabolic diseases, for the first time, a study to identify key transcription factors (TF) involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory response by transcriptome analysis from liver samples of animal models was performed. The key TF were identified by functional enrichment analysis from the list of differentially expressed genes identified in liver samples between 35 pigs fed with 1.5% or 3.0% soybean oil. The functional enrichment analysis detected TF linked to lipid homeostasis and inflammatory response, such asRXRA,EGFR, andSREBP2precursor. These findings demonstrated that key TF related to lipid metabolism could be modulated by dietary inclusion of soybean oil. It could contribute to nutrigenomics research field that aims to elucidate dietary interventions in animal and human health, as well as to drive food technology and science.
COVID-19 conspiracy ideation is associated with the delusion proneness trait and resistance to update of beliefs
Authors: Acar K. , Horntvedt O. , Cabrera A. , Olsson A. , Ingvar M. , Lebedev A. V. , Petrovic P.
Published: June 2022

The rapid spread of conspiracy ideas associated with the recent COVID-19 pandemic represents a major threat to the ongoing and coming vaccination programs. Yet, the cognitive factors underlying the pandemic-related conspiracy beliefs are not well described. We hypothesized that such cognitive style is driven by delusion proneness, a trait phenotype associated with formation of delusion-like beliefs that exists on a continuum in the normal population. To probe this hypothesis, we developed a COVID-19 conspiracy questionnaire (CCQ) and assessed 577 subjects online. Their responses clustered into three factors that included Conspiracy, Distrust and Fear/Action as identified using principal component analysis. We then showed that CCQ (in particular the Conspiracy and Distrust factors) related both to general delusion proneness assessed with Peter’s Delusion Inventory (PDI) as well as resistance to belief update using a Bias Against Disconfirmatory Evidence (BADE) task. Further, linear regression and pathway analyses suggested a specific contribution of BADE to CCQ not directly explained by PDI. Importantly, the main results remained significant when using a truncated version of the PDI where questions on paranoia were removed (in order to avoid circular evidence), and when adjusting for ADHD- and autistic traits (that are known to be substantially related to delusion proneness). Altogether, our results strongly suggest that pandemic-related conspiracy ideation is associated with delusion proneness trait phenotype.
Highly sensitive and non-disruptive detection of residual undifferentiated cells by measuring miRNAs in culture supernatant
Authors: Masumoto Kanako , Aihara Yuki , Miyagawa Kuroishi Mao , Maeda Natsuki , Sakai Yumiko , Oka Yuma , Takahashi Yusuke , Oda Kenta , Yanagida Masatoshi
Published: June 2022

The clinical usage of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived regenerative medicine products is limited by the possibility of residual undifferentiated cells forming tumours after transplantation. Most of the existing quality control tests involve crushing of cells. As a result, the cells to be transplanted cannot be directly tested, thereby increasing the cost of transplantation. Therefore, we tested a highly sensitive and non-disruptive quality-testing method that involves measuring microRNAs (miRNAs) in culture supernatants released by cells. By measuring miR-302b in the culture supernatant, residual iPSCs were detected with higher sensitivity than by measuring LIN28 (Lin-28 Homolog A) in the cells. To use this method, we also monitored the progression of differentiation. Our novel highly sensitive and non-disruptive method for detecting residual undifferentiated cells will contribute to reducing the manufacturing cost of iPSC-derived products and improving the safety of transplantation.
The relative abundances of yeasts attractive to Drosophila suzukii differ between fruit types and are greatest on raspberries
Authors: Jones Rory , Fountain Michelle T. , Andreani Nadia A. , Günther Catrin S. , Goddard Matthew R.
Published: June 2022

Fungal metabolic volatiles attract Drosophila suzukii which oviposits in ripening fruits, but there are few data describing the fungal microbiomes of commercial fruits susceptible to this insect pest. We tested the hypothesis that fruit type and ripening stage have a significant effect on fruit surface fungal communities using DNA metabarcoding approaches and found strong support for differences in all three fungal community biodiversity metrics analysed (numbers, types, and abundances of taxa). There was an average fivefold greater difference in fungal communities between sites with different fruit types (strawberry, cherry, raspberry, and blueberry) than across fruit developmental stages, demonstrating site and/or fruit type is the greater factor defining fungal community assemblage. The addition of a fungal internal standard (Plectosphaerella cucumerina) showed cherry had relatively static fungal populations across ripening. Raspberry had a greater prevalence of Saccharomycetales yeasts attractive to D. suzukii, including Hanseniaspora uvarum, which aligns with reports that raspberry is among the fruits with greatest susceptibility and attraction to D. suzukii. Greater knowledge of how yeast communities change during fruit maturation and between species or sites may be valuable for developing methods to manipulate fruit microbiomes for use in integrated pest management strategies to control D. suzukii.
Multiple attention-based encoder–decoder networks for gas meter character recognition
Authors: Li Weidong , Wang Shuai , Ullah Inam , Zhang Xuehai , Duan Jinlong
Published: June 2022

Factories swiftly and precisely grasp the real-time data of the production instrumentation, which is the foundation for the development and progress of industrial intelligence in industrial production. Weather, light, angle, and other unknown circumstances, on the other hand, impair the image quality of meter dials in natural environments, resulting in poor dial image quality. The remote meter reading system has trouble recognizing dial pictures in extreme settings, challenging it to meet industrial production demands. This paper provides multiple attention and encoder–decoder-based gas meter recognition networks (MAEDR) for this problem. First, from the acquired dial photos, the dial images with extreme conditions such as overexposure, artifacts, blurring, incomplete display of characters, and occlusion are chosen to generate the gas meter dataset. Then, a new character recognition network is proposed utilizing multiple attention and an encoder–decoder structure. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) extract visual features from dial images, encode visual features employing multi-head self-attention and position information, and facilitate feature alignment using the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) method. A novel two-step attention decoder is presented to improve the accuracy of recognition results. convolutional block attention module (CBAM) reweights the visual features from the CNN and the semantic features computed by the encoder to improve model performance; long short-term memory attention (LSTM attention) focuses on the relationship between feature sequences. According to experimental data, our system can effectively and efficiently identify industrial gas meter picture digits with 91.1% identification accuracy, faster inference speed, and higher accuracy than standard algorithms. The accuracy and practicality of the recognition can fulfill the needs of instrument data detection and recognition in industrial production, and it has a wide range of applications.
Global warming is shifting the relationships between fire weather and realized fire-induced CO2 emissions in Europe
Authors: Carnicer Jofre , Alegria Andrés , Giannakopoulos Christos , Di Giuseppe Francesca , Karali Anna , Koutsias Nikos , Lionello Piero , Parrington Mark , Vitolo Claudia
Published: June 2022

Fire activity has significantly changed in Europe over the last decades (1980–2020s), with the emergence of summers attaining unprecedented fire prone weather conditions. Here we report a significant shift in the non-stationary relationship linking fire weather conditions and fire intensity measured in terms of CO2 emissions released during biomass burning across a latitudinal gradient of European IPCC regions. The reported trends indicate that global warming is possibly inducing an incipient change on regional fire dynamics towards increased fire impacts in Europe, suggesting that emerging risks posed by exceptional fire-weather danger conditions may progressively exceed current wildfire suppression capabilities in the next decades and impact forest carbon sinks.
Viscotoxin and lectin content in foliage and fruit of Viscum album L. on the main host trees of Hyrcanian forests
Authors: Yousefvand Sanaz , Fattahi Farnoosh , Hosseini Seyed Mohsen , Urech Konrad , Schaller Gerhard
Published: June 2022

Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) is a hemiparasitic plant that absorbs water and nutrients from the host tree. Mistletoe contains two groups of cytotoxic, immunomodulatory and antitumor proteins, viscotoxins and lectins. This study evaluated the quantity and quality of viscotoxins and total lectins in the stems with leaves (foliage) and fruit of mistletoe on Parrotia persica and Carpinus betulus in September with immature green berries and in December with mature white berries. Viscum album L. plants were harvested from host species located in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran in 2019. The highest level of viscotoxins was detected in the December foliage of V. album settled on C. betulus (9.25 mg/g dry weight [DW]), and the highest content of lectins was found in the December foliage of V. album settled on P. persica (0.79 mg/g DW) and C. betulus (0.73 mg/g DW) respectively. The immature green berries of V. album from both host species contained much higher concentrations of viscotoxins and lectins than the mature white berries. Four isoforms of viscotoxins, viscotoxin A1, A2, A3 and B could be identified in all samples of both host species. Viscotoxin A3 was the predominant viscotoxin isoform followed by viscotoxin A1.
Alternative transcript splicing regulates UDP-glucosyltransferase-catalyzed detoxification of DIMBOA in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Authors: Israni Bhawana , Luck Katrin , Römhild Samantha C. W. , Raguschke Bettina , Wielsch Natalie , Hupfer Yvonne , Reichelt Michael , Svatoš Aleš , Gershenzon Jonathan , Vassão Daniel Giddings
Published: June 2022

Herbivorous insects often possess the ability to detoxify chemical defenses from their host plants. The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), which feeds principally on maize, detoxifies the maize benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) by stereoselective re-glucosylation using a UDP-glucosyltransferase, SfUGT33F28. SfUGT33F28 activity is induced by feeding on a DIMBOA-containing diet, but how this induction is regulated is unknown. In the present work, we describe the alternative splicing of theSfUGT33F28transcript. Variant transcripts are differentially expressed in response to DIMBOA, and this transcriptional response is mediated by an insect aryl hydrocarbon receptor. These variants have large deletions leading to the production of truncated proteins that have no intrinsic UGT activity with DIMBOA but interact with the full-length enzyme to raise or lower its activity. Therefore, the formation ofSfUGT33F28splice variants induces DIMBOA-conjugating UGT activity when DIMBOA is present in the insect diet and represses activity in the absence of this plant defense compound.
Decorating polymer beads with 1014 inorganic-organic [2]rotaxanes as shown by spin counting
Authors: Asthana Deepak , Thomas Dean , Lockyer Selena J. , Brookfield Adam , Timco Grigore A. , Vitorica-Yrezabal Iñigo J. , Whitehead George F. S. , McInnes Eric J. L. , Collison David , Leigh David A. , Winpenny Richard E. P.
Published: June 2022

Polymer beads have been used as the core of magnetic particles for around twenty years. Here we report studies to attach polymetallic complexes to polymer beads for the first time, producing beads of around 115 microns diameter that are attached to 1014 hybrid inorganic-organic [2]rotaxanes. The bead is then formally a [1014] rotaxane. The number of complexes attached is counted by EPR spectroscopy after including TEMPO radicals within the thread of the hybrid [2]rotaxanes.
Chewing differences in consumers affect the digestion and colonic fermentation outcomes: in vitro studies
Authors: Kim Esther H.-J. , Wilson Arran J. , Motoi Lidia , Mishra Suman , Monro John , Parkar Shanthi G. , Rosendale Douglas , Stoklosinski Halina M. , Jobsis Carel M. H. , Wadamori Yukiko , Hedderley Duncan I. , Morgenstern Marco P.
Published: June 2022

Differences in chewing behavior results in differences in physical properties of the ready-to-swallow bolus and greatly impacts in vitro starch digestion and colonic fermentation with changes in bacterial composition and microbial acid metabolites.
Evaluation of the effect of nitrate and chloride on Cd(ii)-induced cell oxidative stress by scanning electrochemical microscopy
Authors: Pan Na , Lu Liping , Zhang Dongtang , Wang Xiayan
Published: June 2022

Cd is one of the most prevalent toxic metal pollutants, which is widely distributed in various environmental media and organisms. The effects of chloride and nitrate on Cd-induced cell oxidative stress have been detected by SECM.
Using a quantum dot bead-based lateral flow immunoassay to broadly detect the adulteration of PDE-5 inhibitors in functional foods
Authors: Song Mingshu , Wu Qin , Liu Beibei , Li Pan , Jiang Lan , Wang Yulong , Dong Sa , Xiong Yonghua , Hammock Bruce D. , Zhang Cunzheng
Published: June 2022

A quantum dot bead-based lateral flow immunoassay was developed for the simultaneous determination of PDE-5 inhibitors based on a broad recognition monoclonal antibody, which was successfully employed for the inspection of function food.
Evaluating commercial thermoplastic materials in fused deposition modeling 3D printing for their compatibility with DNA storage and analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Eitzmann Derek R. , Anderson Jared L.
Published: June 2022

Characterization of DNA adsorption to common 3D printing thermoplastic materials was carried out using quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine their compatability with purification and analysis platforms.
Turn-on fluorescent sensor based on curcumin@MOF-5 for the sensitive detection of Al3+
Authors: Zhong Tianyuan , Li Donglin , Li Chen , Zhang Zhuo , Wang Guang
Published: June 2022

Two fluorescent chemosensors based on MOF-5 and curcumin (A-curcumin@MOF-5 and B-curcumin@MOF-5) were designed and synthesized.
Multivalent NHS-activated acrylates for orthogonal site-selective functionalisation of peptides at cysteine residues
Authors: Djaló Mariama , Silva Maria J. S. A. , Faustino Hélio , Pinto Sandra N. , Mendonça Ricardo , Gois Pedro M. P.
Published: June 2022

A novel multivalent platform of NHS-activated acrylates was developed for the site-selective chemical appendage of multiple functionalities on native peptides, a highly demanding and complex tool of modern chemical biology.
Diastereoselective construction of bridged piperidines through an interrupted dearomative reduction
Authors: Han Huabin , Wang Lele , Niu Xinyue , Li Chaoyang , Xu Yuanqing , Wang Qilin
Published: June 2022

An interrupted dearomative reduction strategy was developed to transform planar chalcone-based pyridinium salts into structurally intriguing bridged piperidines in a completely regio- and diastereoselective manner.
Efficient water splitting over a hybrid photocatalyst with (002) active facets and heterostructure
Authors: Dong Yinjuan , Chen Mengxue , Li Xiaohu , Feng Yu , Li Bonan , Feng Pengfei , Dong Congzhao , Ding Yong
Published: June 2022

P-CdS@P-NiWOx photocatalyst was constructed using polyoxometalates as precursors via a pyrolysis–phosphidation strategy. The synergistic action of heterostructure and facet effect over P-CdS@P-NiWOx affords the good performance of the visible-light-driven water splitting.
Boronic acid chemistry for fluorescence-based quantitative DNA sensing
Authors: Maroju Pranay Amruth , Ganesan Ramakrishnan , Ray Dutta Jayati
Published: June 2022

The current study demonstrates quantitative detection of DNA through boronic acid-mediated bridging between the double helices via the hydroxy groups at the 3′ termini, which opens up new avenues in the realm of oligonucleotide biochemistry.
Boosting the catalytic performance of single-atom catalysts by tuning surface lattice expanding confinement
Authors: Gao Fei , Liu Annai , Tan Wei , Hu Bing , Gong Ruihan , Cheng Xing , Liu Fudong , Chen Ge , Dong Lin
Published: June 2022

We report that Pt single atoms embedded on a disordered TiO2 surface have a weaker affinity for CO than those supported on a perfect TiO2 surface, thus generating much better CO oxidation activity.
Catalytic (3 + 2) umpolung annulations of α-thioacyl carbenes with aryl isothiocyanates
Authors: Dong Ziyang , Ma Meng-Yao , Xu Jiaxi , Yang Zhanhui
Published: June 2022

As masked S-electrophilic thia-1,3-dipoles, 1,2,3-thiadiazoles undergo denitrogenative (3 + 2) umpolung transannulations with aryl isothiocyanates, regio- and stereoselectively.
A theoretical perspective of the relationship between the structures and luminescence properties of red thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules
Authors: Liu Huanling , Zhang Kai , Zou Haipei , Mu Qingfang , Wang Xiaorui , Song Yuzhi , Lin Lili , Wang Chuan-Kui , Fan Jianzhong
Published: June 2022

Excited state dynamic processes and photophysical properties of six donor–acceptor type orange-red TADF molecules are theoretically studied by DFT and TD-DFT methods coupled with TVCF method.
In silicostudy on the effects of disulfide bonds in ORF8 of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Cheng Yadi , Peng Xubiao
Published: June 2022

The effects of the disulfide bonds in ORF8 of SARS-CoV-2 are systematically investigated on its structure and functions. The binding sites between ORF8 and HLA-A are predicted and found to be independent of the reduction of the disulfide bonds.
Tracer diffusion in proton-exchanged congruent LiNbO3 crystals as a function of hydrogen content
Authors: Dörrer Lars , Heller René , Schmidt Harald
Published: June 2022

Hydrogen concentration dependent lithium diffusion controls the proton-exchange process in congruent LiNbO3 and leads to step-like hydrogen penetration profiles.
Symmetric spirenes: promising building blocks for new generation opto-electronic materials
Authors: Shepovalov Kirill M. , Benassi Enrico , Peshkov Roman Yu. , Mostovich Evgeny A.
Published: June 2022

Structural properties, intra- and inter-ring interactions, and vibrational and optical spectra of a series of symmetric spirenes were investigated. The best candidate for opto-electronic applications was revealed.
Correction: The synergic effect between Mo species and acid sites in Mo/HMCM-22 catalysts for methane aromatization
Authors: Ma Ding , Zhu Qingjun , Wu Zili , Zhou Danhong , Shu Yuying , Xin Qin , Xu Yide , Bao Xinhe
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘The synergic effect between Mo species and acid sites in Mo/HMCM-22 catalysts for methane aromatization’ by Ding Ma et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2005, 7, 3102–3109, https://doi.org/10.1039/B502794B.
Chasing molecular glue degraders: screening approaches
Authors: Domostegui Ana , Nieto-Barrado Luis , Perez-Lopez Carles , Mayor-Ruiz Cristina
Published: June 2022

By orchestrating interactions to an E3 ubiquitin ligase, molecular glue degraders have incredible therapeutic potential against otherwise “undruggable” proteins. We discuss how their discovery is evolving from serendipity to intentional strategies.
Stannate-catalysed glucose–fructose isomerisation in alcohols
Authors: Zhu Ping , Meier Sebastian , Riisager Anders
Published: June 2022

Metal stannates catalyse glucose–fructose isomerisation in methanol by base-catalysis via a proton-transfer mechanism, while the reaction is catalysed heterogeneously in isopropanol and higher alcohols by Sn–OH sites.
Photocatalytic glucose-appended bio-compatible Ir(iii) anticancer complexes
Authors: Zhu Zilin , Wei Li , Lai Yidan , Carter Oliver W. L. , Banerjee Samya , Sadler Peter J. , Huang Huaiyi
Published: June 2022

A glucose-appended bio-compatible Ir(iii) complex which absorbs light strongly, photo-catalytically oxidizes cellular coenzymes NAD(P)H, and decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in cancer cell apoptosis and necrosis.
Correction: Estimating NH3 and PM2.5 emissions from the Australia mega wildfires and the impact of plume transport on air quality in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Akdemir Ece Ari , Battye William H. , Myers Casey Bray , Aneja Viney P.
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Estimating NH3 and PM2.5 emissions from the Australia mega wildfires and the impact of plume transport on air quality in Australia and New Zealand’ by Ece Ari Akdemir et al., Environ. Sci.: Atmos., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ea00100k.
Comparison of conventional heat-treated and membrane filtered infant formulas using an in vitro semi-dynamic digestion method
Authors: Chen Yihong , Callanan Michael , Giblin Linda , Tobin John , Brodkorb André
Published: June 2022

Introducing membrane filtration steps into infant milk formula (IMF) manufacture can partly preserve native whey proteins in the final products.
Ecotoxicological study of bio-based deep eutectic solvents formed by glycerol derivatives in two aquatic biomodels
Authors: Garralaga Mª Pilar , Lomba Laura , Leal-Duaso Alejandro , Gracia-Barberán Sara , Pires Elisabet , Giner Beatriz
Published: June 2022

The ecotoxicity of some deep eutectic solvents formed by glycerol derivatives have been studied in two aquatic biomodels:Aliivibrio fischeri(bacteria) andRaphidocelis subcapitata(algae). The results show that these chemicals are not toxic for aquatic media.
High-precision magnesium isotope analysis of carbonates by laser ablation MC-ICP-MS using wet and dry conditions
Authors: Lu Jue , Chen Wei , Sun Jian , Lin Jie , Luo Tao , Liu Yong-Hong , Zhao Kui-Dong , Jiang Shao-Yong , Liu Yong-Sheng
Published: June 2022

In situ magnesium isotope compositions of carbonates play an important role in tracing geological and biological processes.
Novel benzimidazole-based pseudo-irreversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors with neuroprotective activity in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model
Authors: Spatz Philipp , Zimmermann Thomas , Steinmüller Sophie , Hofmann Julian , Maurice Tangui , Decker Michael
Published: June 2022

Benzimidazole-based inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase were designed and tested for their activity and selectivityin vitro, leading to compound (11d) that attenuated Aβ25-35-induced learning impairments in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.
Patterning submicron photomechanical features into single diarylethene crystals using electron beam lithography
Authors: Li Wangxiang , Kitagawa Daichi , Kobatake Seiya , Bekyarova Elena , Bardeen Christopher J.
Published: June 2022

Electron beam lithography is used to pattern sub-micron structures into photomechanical organic single crystals. The patterned features exhibit up to 70% height changes when the bulk crystal undergoes reversible photoisomerization.
Activated porous carbon supported Pd and ZnO nanocatalysts for trace sensing of carbaryl pesticide in water and food products
Authors: Jemai Rihem , Djebbi Mohamed Amine , Hussain Navid , Yang Bingquan , Hirtz Michael , Trouillet Vanessa , Ben Rhaiem Hafsia , Ben Haj Amara Abdesslem
Published: June 2022

Pd/ZnO/APC nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for voltammetric detection of carbaryl pesticides.
A target-induced inner-filter effect-based ratiometric sensing platform by fluorescence modulation of persistent luminescent nanoparticles and 2,3-diaminophenazine
Authors: Zhang Guiqun , Yao Chao , Li Yulong , Guan Yan , Hu Rong , Yang Yunhui
Published: June 2022

Detection principle of the ratiometric fluorescent sensor.
Detonation performance enhancement through a positional isomerism modification strategy
Authors: Hu Yong , Lu Zu-Jia , Dong Wen-Shuai , Zhang Jian-Guo , Sinditskii Valery P.
Published: June 2022

A new energetic molecule 4-amino-8-nitro-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-7(6H)-one (PTT) was designed and synthesized through a framework regiochemical modulation approach.
Electronic and optical properties of C16S8and C16S4Se4molecules and crystals
Authors: Kuklin Artem V. , Saykova Diana I. , Suresh Rahul , Begunovich Lyudmila V. , Baryshnikov Gleb V. , Karaush-Karmazin Nataliya , Saikova Svetlana V. , Ågren Hans
Published: June 2022

Here we report electronic and optical properties of C16S8and C16S4Se4molecules and crystals and resolve previously reported experimental inconsistencies.
Fungal bioactive macrolides
Authors: Evidente Antonio
Published: June 2022

Macrolides, which are widely found in plants and microorganisms, are polyketides constituted of different-sized rings lactones. They show different biological activities and the review focused on their isolation from fungi in the last four decades.