bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДОСВІД ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ БІОТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ЕЙХОРНІЇ В ОДЕСЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ
Authors: Yasko V. , Petrenko S. , Kirovich N. , Sidashova S.
Published: November 2020

На сьогодні проблема насичення раціонів годівлі сільськогосподарських тварин та птиці якісним, безпечним і одночасно поживним білком залишається досить актуальною. За останні десятиліття в галузі кормовиробництва пройшли кардинальні зміни: так, до складу кормових сумішей для всіх видів тварин додають інгредієнти, які виробляються на високотехнологічних підприємствах хімічної, біохімічної та мікробіологічної промисловості. Введення різноманітних технологічних харчових добавок, дозволяє спеціалістам-практикам тваринництва суттєво оптимізувати показники ефективності виробництва продукції тваринництва. Викладено перший практичний досвід отримання зеленої маси ейхорнії в експериментальному фермерському господарстві «У Самвела» в Одеській області. Розроблена інноваційна біотехнологія вирощування ейхорнії та впроваджена технологія подальшого використання її як корму в птахівництві у вигляді зеленої маси. Культуру вирощують як в теплицях так й у відкритих водоймах. Результати дослідів свідчать про те, що у дослідній групі отримали на 1 курку на 1,27 яйця більше, ніж в контролі, при цьому середня маса яєць була у дослідній групі вище на 1,46 г. Результати виробничого досліду підтвердили позитивну дію зеленої маси ейхорнії на продуктивність яєчних курей. Після цього досліду в господарстві все поголів’я курей-несучок отримувало ейхорнію в корм, при цьому спостерігали стабільно високу яєчну продуктивність поголів’я (до 94% пік яйценоскості основного стада курей).
ЗМІНА КИСЛОТНОГО ТА ПЕРЕКИСНОГО ПОКАЗНИКА ЖИРУ В КОМБІКОРМАХ ПІД ЧАС ЗБЕРІГАННЯ
Authors: Uminsky S. , Dudarev I. , Yakovenko A. , Makarchuk V. , Zhitkov S.
Published: November 2020

Інтенсивне управління тваринництвом на промисловій основі вимагає забезпечення повноцінного раціону кормів для поживних речовин і біологічно необхідних компонентів. Кормові ліпіди і змішані ліпідні продукти, наявні на ринку кормових інгредієнтів, значно відрізняються за складом жирних кислот, енергетичним змістом, якістю та ціною. Часто використовувані вимірювання якості ліпідів включають колір, профіль жирної кислоти, зміст вільної жирної кислоти, ступінь ненасиченості або насиченості (йодне число -IV; титр), значення омилення і домішки, включаючи воду, нерозчинні і неозамінні речовини. Ці показники зазвичай використовуються для того, щоб забезпечити, що ліпідні продукти відповідають комерційним умовам, але надають неспецифічну або неспецифічну інформацію про рівень зміни реркісного числа відносну поживну цінність. Результати показують, що склад і якість ліпідів, годуються великою рогатою худобою і птицею, сильно відрізняються. Перекисне окислення ліпідів - це складний і динамічний процес, в якому одночасно утворюються і руйнуються численні з'єднання. Хоча був розроблений і використаний кілька орієнтовних і прогностичних аналізів для вимірювання різних пероксідаційніх з'єднань, не існує єдиного аналізу, який би повністю характеризував ступінь перекисного окислення в усіх ліпідних джерелах. Як результат, важко передбачити можливий негативний вплив перекисного окислення ліпідів на ріст і здоров'я свиней. Хоча деякі дослідники запропонували мінімальні пороги перекису в їжі, призводять до зниження зростання продуктивності праці, загальновизнаних стандартів не встановлено.
ДИНАМІКА ЗМІН ЖИВОЇ МАСИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОСТУ ТА РОЗВИТКУ МОЛОДНЯКУ СВИНЕЙ РІЗНОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Susol R. , Garmatyuk K. , Tkachenko I.
Published: November 2020

Одержані результати засвідчують, що запропоноване виробництво фінальних гібридів з умовною часткою крові ¾ ландраса + ¼ великої білої за показником живої маси є найбільш вдалим та адаптованим до технології помірного рівня інтенсивності. Використання чистопородних та помісних тварин, що мають відношення до так званих «білих порід» – велика біла та ландрас, відзначається підвищеними показниками інтенсивності формування та індексів напруги росту. Одержані результати додатково підтверджують складність адаптації кольорових порід (дюрок та особливо породи п’єтрен) до технологічних умов вітчизняних господарств з виробництва свинини. Молодняк свиней одержаний у поєднаннях, де батьківською формою були породи: велика біла, ландрас або дюрок відзначався кращими екстер’єрними особливостями, що характеризують розвиток тварин у довжину. У поєднаннях, де батьківською формою була порода п’єтрен покращувалися широтні проміри та індекс м’ясності на фоні зменшення довжини тулубу.
АНАЛІЗ ЕКОЛОГО – АГРОХІМІЧНОГО СТАНУ ГРУНТІВ ХЕРСОНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ
Authors: Shpatar K. , Ilina V.
Published: November 2020

Ґрунти Херсонської області недостатньо забезпечені гумусом, тому для отримання високих та стійких врожаїв цих культу необхідно застосування сучасних методів агрохімічної обробки, яка передбачає внесення хімічних заходів захисту рослин, мінеральних та органічних добрив. В рамках роботи виконано оцінку сучасного агроекологічного стану грунтів сільськогосподарського призначення, визначено основні характеристики, які впливають на рівень використання мінерального живлення рослинами. Погіршення еколого – агрохімічні характеристик грунтів призводить до погіршення якісних та кількісних характеристик отриманих на них врожаїв, що найбільш актуально в останні 20 років, у зв`язку із значними змінами клімату, особливо на території Херсонської області. Аналіз основних характеристик грунту які визначають його еколого – хімічний стан, проводився за даними 2012 по 2016 років за всіма районами Херсонської області, тому отримана інформація є сучасною і дозволяє використовувати її для надання практичних рекомендацій що до оптимізації посівних площ та раціонального використання мікроелементів .
ШЛЯХИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПОЖЕЖНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ НА ПАСІКАХ
Authors: Moskalyuk I. , Khamid K. , Sakun M.
Published: November 2020

Пожежа – це неконтрольоване горіння поза спеціальним вогнищем, що розповсюджується в часі і просторі та створює загрозу життю і здоров’ю людей, навколишньому середовищу, тваринам, птахам, комахам і призводить до значних матеріальних збитків та може призвести до загибелі живих істот. Пожежна безпека — це стан об'єкта, за якого виключається можливість пожежі. Гасіння пожежі вимагає значних матеріальних засобів і людських ресурсів. Вогонь може розповсюджуватися зі швидкістю від 1до 10 м/св. залежності від погодних умов[5]. Винуватцями лиха різних ступенів пожеж в першу чергу є люди та людський фактор. Неуважність до техніки безпеки у період жнив, несправність збиральної техніки можуть за лічені хвилини перетворити дану територію у попелище. Також можливе знаходження кочових або стаціонарних пасік, які знаходиться в цей час поруч на кочівлі або точку біля потенційно небезпечного об’єкту, можуть бути також знищені. Проблема пожежної безпеки на сьогоднішній день не тільки на території України, але й у світі, залишається актуальною. В умовах високої швидкості руху, особливо сухого повітря актуальність проблеми зростає.  Велике занепокоєння викликає організація протипожежного захисту місць збирання, переробки та зберігання врожаю; недотримання пожежної безпеки у лісах та парках; неохайне відношення до роботи з інвентарем та обладнанням для обслуговування бджіл [3]. Недотримання вимог пожежної безпеки, порушення протипожежного режиму, використання несправної техніки та обладнання, непогашений димар, несправні електрообладнання та вогнегасники, залишені непогашені огарки, часто призводять до виникнення пожеж в місцях збирання врожаю та знаходження пасічного точка. За умов спекотної погоди значно зростає ризик виникнення пожеж, що вимагає від управляючих підприємств різної форми власності, робітників фермерських господарств, пасічників та громадян з застереженням приділяти підвищену увагу при різних ступенів і причин пожеж, поводженні з вогнем та неухильному виконанні правил пожежної безпеки [4]. Діяльність із забезпечення пожежної безпеки є складовою виробничої та іншої діяльності посадових осіб і працівників підприємств агропромислового комплексу. Зазначена вимога повинна відображатися у трудових договорах (контрактах), статутах та положеннях. Нормативна правова база з даних питань визначена у Кодексі цивільного захисту України (глава 13) та у Правилах пожежної безпеки України, які затверджені наказом МВС від 31.12.2014 №1417. Згідно з цими правилами, керівник будь-якого підприємста України зобов’язаний встановити протипожежний режим. Нормативне визначення цього поняття наявне в ДСТУ 2272:2006 «Пожежна безпека. Терміни та визначення основних понять», згідно з яким протипожежний режим - це комплекс установлених норм поведінки людей, правил виконування робіт та експлуатування об’єкта, спрямованих на забезпечення пожежної безпеки [1].
UNIVERSO DA SALA DE AULA: o pensar e o fazer num espectro multiface
Authors: Soares Elizandra , Pagno Jonas , Bini Marcia
Published: November 2020

A obra “O Universo da Sala de Aula: O pensar e o fazer num espectro multiface” reúne uma coletânea de artigos instigadores que trazem relatos de experiências desenvolvidas em sala de aula, nos diferentes níveis de ensino, contemplando desde o ensino fundamental até o ensino superior. As metodologias que fazem parte dos relatos que compõe a obra tem como característica comum, a preocupação com fornecimento de subsídios para a formação de um cidadão capaz de buscar as informações disponíveis quando necessário, conseguir interpretar e compreender, interagindo com a realidade, desenvolvendo sua autonomia. As práticas relatadas pelos professores/autores se opiam em ferramentas didáticas que tem como metas, abrir as portas para que os alunos possam, a partir de atitudes reflexivas, questionar as verdades, privilegiando a busca, a criatividade e a superação da condição inicial. Contribuindo dessa forma para que se consiga interpretar, compreender e interagir na própria realidade.
Influence of Instructional Resources Provision and Performance in Mathematics Subject in Public Girls Secondary Schools Baringo Central Sub-County
Authors: Changwony Rose J , Ochieng Pamela , Chemwei Bernard
Published: November 2020

This paper looks at the contribution of instructional resources towards the performance of girls in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examination mathematics in girls’ secondary schools in Baringo Central. Based on Hanushek, education production function theory, the instructional resources were considered critical inputs for ensuring the output (examinations performance in mathematics by girls’ students) is attained. The study targeted mathematics Heads of Department, mathematics teachers and girls enrolled in 6 girls’ secondary schools in Baringo Central Sub County, Kenya. A sample of 6 HODs, 18 mathematics teachers and 166 girls were selected to participate in the study. The research found out that all respondents said that adequate provision of infrastructural and educational resources did have a significant effect (p<0.05) on girls’ performance in mathematics in the six public secondary schools. Schools that had inadequate learning resources performed poorly compared to those that had adequate instructional materials. The paper recommends that there is a need for the government of Kenya to equip all schools with necessary supportive infrastructure (electricity, internet and computers) to facilitate instruction in the current digital age. In addition, teachers need to improve their knowledge and skills in using information technological resources.
Multisensory action effects facilitate the performance of motor sequences
Authors: Luan Mengkai , Maurer Heiko , Mirifar Arash , Beckmann Jürgen , Ehrlenspiel Felix
Published: November 2020

Research has shown that contingent, distinct action effects have a beneficial influence on motor sequence performance. Previous studies showed the beneficial influence of task-irrelevant action effects from one modality (auditory) on motor sequence performance, compared with no task-irrelevant action effects. The present study investigated the influence of task-irrelevant action effects on motor sequence performance from a multiple-modality perspective. We compared motor sequence performances of participants who received different task-irrelevant action effects in an auditory, visual, or audiovisual condition. In the auditory condition, key presses produced tones of a C-major scale that mapped to keys from left to right in ascending order. In the visual condition, key presses produced rectangles in different locations on the screen that mapped to keys from left to right in ascending order. In the audiovisual condition, both tone and rectangle effects were produced simultaneously by key presses. There were advantages for the audiovisual group in motor sequence initiation and execution. The results implied that, compared with unimodal action effects, action effects from multiple sensory modalities can prime an action faster and strengthen associations between successive actions, leading to faster motor sequence performance.
HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN KADAR ASAM URAT DI RW 13 KAMPUNG MOKLA, KECAMATAN PARONGPONG
Authors: Natania Natania , Malinti Evelin
Published: November 2020

Peningkatan asam urat darah menjadi tanda perubahan fungsi metabolic dan hemodinamik. Faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan produksi asam urat adalah konsumsi makanan yang banyak mengandung purin dan asam urat, obesitas, penggunaan obat, aktivitas fisik dan penyakit tertentu dalam darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kadar asam urat. Jenis penelitian adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 71 orang dewasa laki-laki dan perempuan dengan rentang usia 25-45 tahun. Sampel dipilih dengan metode convenience sampling. Data meliputi karakteristik responden, aktivitas fisik tujuh hari terakhir, dan kadar asam urat. Aktivitas fisik diperoleh melalui pengisian international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Pemeriksaan kadar asam urat menggunakan alat ukur digital (Autocheck) dan strip asam urat. Data dianalisis menggunakan Chi-Square Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kadar asam urat (p>.05). Kadar asam urat sebagian besar responden termasuk dalam kategori normal dan aktivitas fisik sebagian responden tinggi. Menjaga keseimbangan antara kadar asam urat melalui makanan yang dikonsumsi dengan aktivitas fisik yang dilakukan. Saran yang dapat diberikan kepada peneliti berikutnya ialah penggunaan metode purposive sampling, melakukan perhitungan calon sampel secara menyeluruh, serta mempertimbangkan variabel lain seperti pola makan,  tekanan darah, status gizi, indeks massa tubuh.
PERILAKU CARING DAN TIPE KEPRIBADIAN MAHASISWA PROFESI NERS UNIVERSITAS KLABAT
Authors: Pitoy Frendy Fernando
Published: November 2020

Caring merupakan bentuk kepedulian berupa perhatian, penghargaan  dan kasih sayang terhadap seseorang yang ditunjukkan melalui perilaku. Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi bagaimana seseorang berperilaku, salah satunya adalah faktor internal yaitu kepribadian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan perilaku caring yang signifikan berdasarkan tipe kepribadian pada mahasiswa profesi ners Universitas Klabat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Comparative Study dengan menggunakan teknik Consecutive Sampling. Responden yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa profesi ners fakultas keperawatan sebanyak 100 responden. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan gambaran perilaku caring mahasiwa profesi ners yang paling banyak berada pada kategori perilaku caring yang baik yaitu 57 (57%) responden dan untuk gambaran tipe kepribadian didapatkan mayoritasnya mempunyai tipe kepribadian sanguinis 33 (33%) responden. Untuk hasil analisis perbandingan didapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan perilaku caring yang signifikan antara tipe kepribadian dengan nilai p-value=0.216 (α<0,05). Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar kepada setiap orang khususnya mahasiswa perawat ataupun perawat yang sudah bekerja di Rumah Sakit agar dapat mempertahankan perilaku caring yang baik.
HUBUNGAN IMT DENGAN KADAR KOLESTEROL PADA KARYAWAN WANITA DI RUMAH SAKIT ADVENT BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Aldito Arjuna
Published: November 2020

Kolesterol adalah salah satu golongan lemak yang bersifat atarogenik atau mudah menempel dan membentuk plak pada dinding pembuluh darah, mengakibatkan kelebihan kolesterol dalam darah (hiperkolesterolemia). Kondisi hiperkolesterolemia sangat beresiko terkena penyakit kardiovaskular. Penyakit kardiovaskular atau yang dikenal dengan The silent killer masih menjadi penyebab nomor satu kematian didunia. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan IMT dengan kadar kolesterol. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara non probability sampling dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling Pengumpulan data dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Advent Bandar Lampung dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 40 orang karyawan wanita. Uji analisis bivariat menggunakan uji statistic Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara IMT dan kadar kolesterol (p value 0,431) pada wanita dewasa di Rumah Sakit Advent Bandar Lampung. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah dengan menambah jumlah responden untuk penelitian selanjutnya, atau melakukan penelitian tentang faktor- faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan kadar kolesterol dalam darah.

 

Kata kunci: Indeks Massa Tubuh, Kolesterol total
Two new species of the genus Bythinella Moquin-Tandona, 1856 from the Greek island of Evia (Gastropoda: Bythinellidae)
Authors: Glöer Peter , Pešić Vladimir
Published: November 2020

Aquatic snails of the genus Bythinella are among most abundant genera in springs of the Mediterranean region. In this paper we reported three species of the genus Bythinella from the springs on the island of Evia (Euboea, Euboia). Two species, i.e., Bythinella kastanolongosensis n. sp. and B. reuselaarsi n. sp. are described as new for science and photos of their shells and the penis are provided. New records are given for B. dimitrosensis Glöer & Reuselaars, 2020.
UNREALIZED POTENTIAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation, Mikhalchenko Vida Yu.
Published: November 2020

Modern sociolinguistics, like other linguistic disciplines, seeks to use modern technology in its research. As a good example here can serve the attempt to develop a sociolinguistic classifi cation of written languages of the world undertaken by the scientists from the Laval University (Quebec, Canada) in 1988–2002. The main idea of the classifi cation was to measure the vitality of a language by determining the intensity of its social functions in different areas of communication. The written languages of a number of countries, such as China, India, were studied. The sixth volume of this international work consisted of two books devoted to the languages of Russia, where the sociolinguistic parameters of all languages of Russia were studied, except for the languages of national minorities. According to this international study of Canadian scientists, it was possible, fi rstly, to clarify the number of written languages of the world, secondly, to create a sociolinguistic classifi cation of world’s languages. However, for objective reasons the work was not completed, and the achievement of the above-mentioned possibilities remains the scientifi c task of the future.
PROGNOSTIC METHODS IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Federation, Kaplunova Maria Ya.
Published: November 2020

Language policy in multiethnic states includes prognostic aspect as a necessary component for making better decisions within a changing language situation. At present, when the speed of decision-making in all spheres of human activity has significantly increased, there is a need for additional involvement of forecasting methods from the sciences related to sociolinguistics. The article provides an overview of forecasting methods traditionally used in Russian sociolinguistics. In order to increase interest in this aspect, sociolinguists analyze the possibility of introducing key methods from other interdisciplinary sciences to predict language development in sociolinguistic studies.
SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND OTHER LINGUISTIC DISCIPLINES
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation, Alpatov Vladimir M.
Published: November 2020

It cannot be said that the boundaries of sociolinguistics have finally been determined. Sociolinguistics deals with the functioning of language that people use for communication. The rules of interaction existing in different societies are subject to restrictions due to the specifi cs of this society. It seems that sociolinguistics can be distinguished, first of all, not by topic or methods, but by interpretation: either the studied phenomenon can be explained by social reasons, or sociological conclusions can drawn from it.
A Systematic Review of Brain-Computer Interface Based EEG
Authors: Abdulwahab Samaa , Khleaf Hussain , Jassim Manal
Published: November 2020

The futuristic age requires progress in handwork or even sub-machine dependency and Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) provides the necessary BCI procession. As the article suggests, it is a pathway between the signals created by a human brain thinking and the computer, which can translate the signal transmitted into action. BCI-processed brain activity is typically measured using EEG. Throughout this article, further intend to provide an available and up-to-date review of EEG-based BCI, concentrating on its technical aspects. In specific, we present several essential neuroscience backgrounds that describe well how to build an EEG-based BCI, including evaluating which signal processing, software, and hardware techniques to use. Individuals discuss Brain-Computer Interface programs, demonstrate some existing device shortcomings, and propose some eld’s viewpoints.
Coal Type, Temperature and Gasifiying Agent Effects on Low-Rank Coal Gasification Using CFD Method
Authors: Md Isa Kamariah , Osman Kahar , Abdullah Nik Rosli , Othman Nor Fadzilah , Ahmad Nurulnatisya
Published: November 2020

Low-Rank Coal (LRC) gasification utilising Fluidised Bed Gasifier (FBG) is more efficient for LRC that has higher reactivity, moisture, tar, volatile, and ash content but lower calorific value compared to other types of coals. This work investigated the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in simulating LRC gasification under different temperatures which is lower (873K), normal (973K) and higher (1073K) temperature atmosphere. Besides that, the effect of LRC type and gasifying agents on the producer gas CO+H2 composition, Lower Heating Value (LHV) and Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) were also studied using High-rank Coal (HRC) as comparison. The results obtained showed that LRC gasification using oxygen increased LHV and CGE. Lower temperature gasification using oxygen at 873 increased CO+H2, LHV and CGE for LRC compared to higher temperatures at 973K and 1073K. This prediction suggests that LRC gasification using oxygen at lower temperature increases the LRC gasification efficiency.
CFD Study on Impeller Effect on Mixing in Miniature Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Mustafa Adnan Ghulam , Majnis Mohd Fadhil , Abdul Muttalib Nor Azyati
Published: November 2020

Mixing of fluid can happen in existence or absence of impeller which will affect the mixing performance. The hydrodynamics behavior of fluid has a strong effect on the mixing. The design of mixing systems and operation using the agitated tanks is complicated because it is difficult to obtain accurate information for turbulence’s impeller induced. Computational Fluid Dynamics can be used to provide a detailed comprehension of those systems. This paper describes the effect of various designs of impeller in miniature stirred tank reactor towards the mixing of the calcium alginate beads with the milk using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, ANSYS Fluent 19.2. The four different type of impellers are edge beater, 5-turbine blade, t-shape, and paddle. The impeller was simulated at different speeds of 150 rpm, 250 rpm, and 300 rpm. K-epsilon turbulence model was employed to simulate the flow distribution pattern of calcium alginate beads and the Multiple Reference Frame approach was used for the impeller rotation’s simulation. The simulation results obtained have a good agreement with the experimental results in term of vortex formation. The simulation results obtained for contour plots were fitted well with the experimental results as well as with pattern of impeller flow which was also studied. As a result, an optimal design of the impeller that is able to produce good mixing can be achieved using CFD analysis. The results obtained after performing the simulation proved that edge beater blade outperformed the other impellers and took the least time to fully distribute the calcium alginate beads in the tank at 250 rpm compared to 150 and 300 rpm. It can also be concluded that the edge beater blade is the best for the mixing of two-phase fluid and also produces mixed pattern flow. The obtained results from CFD can also be used to scale up the mixing process in larger systems.
Design Optimization of Savonius Wind Turbine Using CFD-Particle Swarm Optimization with Power Flow Validation Experimentally
Authors: Mohd Radzi Abdul Qoiyum , Mohd Samsuddin Noorazizi
Published: November 2020

Air wheel generator or wind turbine generator has capabilities in generating electricity even at the lowest speed. Recently, the Savonius wind turbine with combined wind deflector and housing that applied at the top of car roof. In this paper, the unidirectional vertical axis wind turbine with two blades of Savonius type and belting system have been numerically optimizes using Computational-Particle Swarm Optimization (CFD-PSO). The 5-step optimization was done systematically to determine the related formulation based on the geometrical dimension of wind turbine blade and design constraints. The simplified model of the classical cantilever beam was used in formulating the bending stress and deflection as a constraint. Then the simulation analysis in Matlab was performed using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method in minimization the mass of blades. The current generation was compared to the initial design OPTION 1 for the blades with a mass of 1.3414 kg. From simulation analysis results, the researcher found OPTION 3 has m3 =0.8387 kg with 37.5% mass reduction of blades. The result of OPTION 3= [0.1 0.001] with belting unit were proposed to be used in prototype development that achieving the objective in minimization the mass of blades but not fulfil the minimum power and current generated caused by the existing generator type not enough rotational speed with minimum of 1400 for cut in speed for standard automotive application.
Chaotic Convection in a Ferrofluid with Internal Heat Generation
Authors: Senin Nor Halawati , Mohd Mokhtar Nor Fadzillah , Abdul Sathar Mohamad Hasan
Published: November 2020

The nonlinear stability analysis of a ferrofluid layer system is formulated mathematically. This system considered the upper and lower free isothermal boundary with the system heated from below. A mathematical formulation is produced to study the behaviour of the chaotic convection in a ferrofluid layer system using Galerkin truncated expansion. The Boussinesq approximation is opted with the existence of internal heating and the magnetic number. It is found that the transition to chaos in this present study is identical to the Lorenz attractor and thus validate the method and analysis of this study. The impact of elevating the internal heat generation is found to hasten the instability of the system and as for the magnetic number, at M1 = 2.5 the homoclinic bifurcation occurs and thus accelerates the convection process.
Influence of Double Entry Volute on Incidence Angle Variation Under Steady Flow: Numerical Investigation
Authors: Gurunathan Balamurugan A , Khairuddin Uswah , Azlan Shah Nazrun Nabill , Martinez-Botas Ricardo
Published: November 2020

EGR extraction from one side of the exhaust manifold creates imbalance of mass flow in a double entry turbine. To overcome this problem, the asymmetric double entry turbine was introduced. The performance maps of this turbine were obtained through extensive test configurations in both steady and unsteady flow conditions at Imperial College cold flow test rig. Two main configurations were investigated; nozzleless and nozzle vane setting. Nevertheless, no attempt has been made to compare the performance of asymmetric double entry turbine to that of the symmetric counterpart. One way to make comparison between these two double entry turbine volutes, is by using numerical simulation. This is achieved by using ANSYS CFX tool in this paper. A symmetric double entry volute CAD model is developed using the same A/R ratio as the asymmetric counterpart, adopting the same mixed flow rotor, inlet and exit ducts. The steady state numerical investigation was conducted at two turbine speeds, 30k RPM and 48k RPM, for the nozzleless configuration. Steady state experimental results of asymmetric double entry turbine are set as the boundary condition in the simulation. Validation of the simulation results with that of the experimental data, shows good agreements for both speed lines for the asymmetric double entry turbine. The symmetric double entry turbine recorded peak efficiencies; lower by 2.8% and 8%, at 30k RPM and 48k RPM respectively, compared to that of asymmetric double entry turbine. The results of steady state conditions of the asymmetric double entry turbine suggest that the distribution of the incidence angle is better than the symmetric double entry turbine as it is able to maintain the incidence angle at off-design and design point operating condition within the same range.
İlk Kez Vajinal Doğum Gören Erkek Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Deneyimleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma
Authors: ÇETİN AVCI Seda , IŞIK Gülşen , EGELİOĞLU CETİŞLİ Nuray
Published: November 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilk kez vajinal doğum gören erkek hemşirelik öğrencilerinin doğum deneyimlerini açığa çıkarmaktır. Yöntem: Nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan çalışma Eylül-Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında, İzmir’de bir devlet üniversitesinin hemşirelik lisans programı kapsamında kadın sağlığı ve hastalıkları hemşireliği dersini alan, doğumhane uygulamasında ilk kez vajinal doğum gören ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 14 erkek öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Yarı Yapılandırılmış Derinlemesine Görüşme Formu kullanılarak, bireysel derinlemesine görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmış, geleneksel (konvansiyonel) içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmada iki ana tema (doğum algısı ve tercihler) ve altı alt tema (beklenti, deneyim, kazanım, doğum şekli, doğuma girme ve doğumhanede erkek hemşire) belirlenmiştir. Öğrenciler doğum eylemini izlerken genellikle korku, stres, üzüntü ve mutluluk gibi duyguları bir arada deneyimlediklerini ve kendilerini doğum yapan annenin yerine koyduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Erkek öğrencilerin çoğu, doğum eylemini izledikten sonra annesine duyduğu sevgi ve minnettarlığın daha çok arttığını, ileride (n=11) eşine destek olmak amacıyla doğuma girmek istediğini ve öğrencilerin yarısı (n=7) ileride eşinin normal doğum yapmasını istediğini belirtmiştir. Sonuç: Doğum eylemini izlemek erkek öğrencilerin, kadını ve önemini anlamalarına katkı sağlamıştır. Ayrıca erkek öğrenciler doğum eylemini izledikten sonraki olumlu kazanımları, mezuniyet sonrası erkek hemşirelerin meslek hayatlarında kadınların ihtiyaçlarını belirlemede ve bakımlarını planlamada etkili olacaktır.
High-frequency Ultrasound Assessment of Systemic Sclerosis Skin Involvement: Intraobserver Repeatability and Relationship With Clinician Assessment and Dermal Collagen Content
Authors: Flower Victoria A. , Barratt Shaney L. , Hart Darren J. , Mackenzie Amanda B. , Shipley Jacqueline A. , Ward Stephen G. , Pauling John D.
Published: November 2020

Objective.

The modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) remains the preferred method for skin assessment in systemic sclerosis (SSc). There are concerns regarding high interobserver variability of mRSS and negative clinical trials utilizing mRSS as the primary endpoint. High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) allows objective assessment of cutaneous fibrosis in SSc. We investigated the relationship between HFUS with both mRSS and dermal collagen.

Methods.

Skin thickness (ST), echogenicity, and novel shear wave elastography (SWE) were assessed in 53 patients with SSc and 15 healthy controls (HCs) at the finger, hand, forearm, and abdomen. The relationship between HFUS parameters with mRSS (n = 53) and dermal collagen (10 patients with SSc and 10 HCs) was investigated. Intraobserver repeatability of HFUS was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results.

HFUS assessment of ST (hand/forearm) and SWE (finger/hand) correlated with local mRSS at some sites. Subclinical abnormalities in ST, echogenicity, and SWE were present in clinically uninvolved SSc skin. Additionally, changes in echogenicity and SWE were sometimes apparent despite objectively normal ST on HFUS. ST, SWE, and local mRSS correlated strongly with collagen quantification (r = 0.697, 0.709, 0.649, respectively). Intraobserver repeatability was high for all HFUS parameters (ICCs for ST = 0.946–0.978; echogenicity = 0.648–0.865; and SWE = 0.953–0.973).

Conclusion.

Our data demonstrate excellent reproducibility and reassuring convergent validity with dermal collagen content. Detection of subclinical abnormalities is an additional benefit of HFUS. The observed correlations with collagen quantification support further investigation of HFUS as an alternative to mRSS in clinical trial settings.
Does Etanercept Biosimilar Prescription in a Rheumatology Center Bend the Medication Cost Curve?
Authors: Müskens Wieland D. , Rongen-van Dartel Sanne A.A. , van Riel Piet L.C.M. , Adang Eddy M.M.
Published: November 2020

Objective

The market entry of biosimilars is expected to bring budgetary relief. Our objective was to determine how the introduction of biosimilars influences medication costs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and which patients gain access to biologics due to the availability of biosimilars.

Methods

Using hospital data of patients with RA between 2014 and 2018, an interrupted time series was performed. The interruption in the time series was placed at June 2016 (i.e., the introduction of the etanercept biosimilar). The changes in trends for rheumatic medication costs before and after the interruption were measured. Secondary analyses focused on explaining these trends.

Results

In the first quarter after the interruption, there was a decrease in total costs for biologic users of –€63,020 (95% CI –€96,487 to –€29,553,P= 0.001). The postinterruption trend did not differ from the preinterruption trend (95% CI –€6695 to €6715,P= 0.998) and after 3 quarters, the medication costs were back at the interruption level. After the interruption, the average cost per biologic user decreased by –€370 (95% CI –€602 to –€138,P= 0.005), followed by a quarterly decrease (relative to the preinterruption trend; 95% CI –€86 to –€14,P= 0.010), bending the average cost curve. The percentage of patients being treated with biologics increased in postinterruption by 0.50 percentage points quarterly (95% CI 0.38–0.62,P< 0.001). Also, the average age at the start of the first biologic increased after the interruption (P= 0.057).

Conclusion

The average cost per patient treated with biologics decreased after the introduction of biosimilars with a persistent trend. However, the budgetary relief due to market entry of biosimilars vanished quickly due to an increase in patients treated with biologics.
Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Associations With Disease Characteristics, Body Composition, and Physical Functioning
Authors: Gould Patrick W. , Zemel Babette S. , Taratuta Elena G. , Baker Joshua F.
Published: November 2020

Objective

This study evaluated associations between fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, an adipokine associated with metabolic stress, and adverse longitudinal changes in body composition and physical functioning in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

At baseline and follow-up, patients with RA aged 18–70 years completed whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography to quantify lean mass, fat mass, and muscle density. Dynamometry assessed muscle strength at the hand and knee, and physical functioning was measured with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). FGF-21 and inflammatory cytokines were measured at baseline. Linear and logistic regression analyses assessed associations between FGF-21 levels and both body composition and physical functioning over time.

Results

There were 113 patients with RA enrolled, and 84 (74%) returned for follow-up at a median of 2.68 years. At baseline, FGF-21 was associated with age, smoking, methotrexate use, adiposity, and inflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factor receptor type I, YKL-40, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and resistin. The highest FGF-21 quartile was associated with worse SPPB and HAQ. Higher baseline FGF-21 levels (per 1 SD) were associated with worsening in muscle density and area Z-scores (β –0.06, 95% CI –0.12 to 0.008, P = 0.08; and β –0.05, 95% CI –0.10 to 0.006, P = 0.08, respectively) and a greater probability of a clinically meaningful worsening of HAQ (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.21–4.64, P = 0.01). The fourth FGF-21 quartile was associated with worsening of SPPB (β –0.57, 95% CI –1.04 to –0.09, P = 0.02).

Conclusion

FGF-21 levels are associated with obesity and inflammatory cytokines, and with worsening in physical functioning in RA. These data support the hypothesis that FGF-21 can identify patients at risk of functional decline.
Residual Disease Burden in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis and Psoriatic Arthritis Despite Low Disease Activity States in a Multiethnic Asian Population
Authors: Liu Venice , Fong Warren , Kwan Yu Heng , Leung Ying Ying
Published: November 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the burden of residual disease in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who achieved low disease activity (LDA) status.

Methods

We used baseline data from a clinic registry of SpA in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. For axSpA, LDA was defined as Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Disease Activity Score based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ASDAS-ESR) < 2.1 or Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) < 3/10. For PsA, LDA was defined by achieving 5/7 cutoffs in the minimal disease activity (MDA) or Clinical Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (cDAPSA) ≤ 13.

Results

In 262 cases of axSpA (21% women; mean ± standard deviation (SD) age 42 ± 14 yrs), 33% and 43% of patients achieved ASDAS-ESR and BASDAI LDA states, respectively, while in 142 cases of PsA (49% women, mean age 51 ± SD 14 yrs), 35% and 63% achieved MDA and cDAPSA LDA, respectively. Both axSpA and PsA patients with LDA had pain scores ranging from 14.0 to 21.4/100 and fatigue scores ranging from 3.1 to 3.6/10. Substantial burden in physical disability and mental well-being were observed, with low physical and mental component summary scores on the 36-item Short Form Health Survey. AxSpa patients in BASDAI LDA had higher ESR and lower disability than those in ASDAS-ESR LDA. cDAPSA classified nearly twice as many PsA patients into LDA than MDA. Compared to PsA patients in MDA LDA, those in cDAPSA LDA had higher active joint counts, dactylitis, enthesitis, pain scores, and patient global assessment.

Conclusion

Despite being in LDA, patients with axSpA and PsA experienced substantial residual burden in pain, poorer physical function, and mental well-being.
Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Autoimmune Disease and COVID-19: A Matched Cohort Study From New York City
Authors: Faye Adam S. , Lee Kate E. , Laszkowska Monika , Kim Judith , Blackett John William , McKenney Anna S. , Krigel Anna , Giles Jon T. , Wang Runsheng , Bernstein Elana J. , Green Peter H.R. , Krishnareddy Suneeta , Hur Chin , Lebwohl Benjamin
Published: November 2020

Objective.

To examine the effect of autoimmune (AI) disease on the composite outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, intubation, or death from COVID-19 in hospitalized patients.

Methods.

Retrospective cohort study of 186 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and April 15, 2020 at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center. The cohort included 62 patients with AI disease and 124 age- and sex-matched controls. The primary outcome was a composite of ICU admission, intubation, and death, with secondary outcome as time to in-hospital death. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, medications, vital signs, and laboratory values were collected. Conditional logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to assess the association between AI disease and clinical outcomes.

Results.

Patients with AI disease were more likely to have at least one comorbidity (87.1% vs 74.2%, P = 0.04), take chronic immunosuppressive medications (66.1% vs 4.0%, P < 0.01), and have had a solid organ transplant (16.1% vs 1.6%, P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in ICU admission (13.7% vs 19.4%, P = 0.32), intubation (13.7% vs 17.7%, P = 0.47), or death (16.1% vs 14.5%, P = 0.78). On multivariable analysis, patients with AI disease were not at an increased risk for a composite outcome of ICU admission, intubation, or death (ORadj 0.79, 95% CI 0.37–1.67). On Cox regression, AI disease was not associated with in-hospital mortality (HRadj 0.73, 95% CI 0.33–1.63).

Conclusion.

Among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, individuals with AI disease did not have an increased risk of a composite outcome of ICU admission, intubation, or death.
Executive Function, Dexterity, and Discharge Disposition in Older Intensive Care Unit Survivors
Authors: Elías Maya N. , Munro Cindy L. , Liang Zhan
Published: November 2020

Background

Dexterity is a component of motor function. Executive function, a subdomain of cognition, may affect dexterity in older adults recovering from critical illness after discharge from an intensive care unit (ICU).

Objectives

To explore associations between executive function (attention and cognitive flexibility) and dexterity (fine motor coordination) in the early post-ICU period and examine dexterity by acuity of discharge disposition.

Methods

The study involved 30 older adults who were functionally independent before hospitalization, underwent mechanical ventilation in the ICU, and had been discharged from the ICU 24 to 48 hours previously. Dexterity was evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Toolbox (NIHTB) Motor Battery 9-Hole Pegboard Dexterity Test (PDT); attention, with the NIHTB Cognition Battery Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (FICAT); and cognitive flexibility, with the NIHTB Cognition Battery Dimensional Change Card Sort Test (DCCST). Exploratory regression was used to examine associations between executive function and dexterity (fully corrected T scores). Independent-samples t tests were used to compare dexterity between participants discharged home and those discharged to a facility.

Results

FICAT (β = 0.375, P = .03) and DCCST (β = 0.698, P = .001) scores were independently and positively associated with PDT scores. Further, PDT scores were worse among participants discharged to a facility than among those discharged home (mean [SD], 26.71 [6.14] vs 36.33 [10.30]; t24 = 3.003; P = .006).

Conclusions

Poor executive function is associated with worse dexterity; thus, dexterity may be a correlate of both post-ICU cognitive impairment and functional decline. Performance on dexterity tests could identify frail older ICU survivors at risk for worse discharge outcomes.
Physician and Nurse Research in Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Units
Authors: Laupland Kevin B. , Coyer Fiona
Published: November 2020

Background

Although clinical care is multidisciplinary, intensive care unit research commonly focuses on single-discipline themes. We sought to characterize intensive care unit research conducted by physicians and nurses.

Methods

One hundred randomly selected reports of clinical studies published in critical care medical and nursing journals were reviewed.

Results

Of the 100 articles reviewed, 50 were published in medical journals and 50 were published in nursing journals. Only 1 medical study (2%) used qualitative methods, compared with 9 nursing studies (18%) (P = .02). The distribution of quantitative study designs differed between medical and nursing journals (P < .001), with medical journals having a predominance of cohort studies (29 articles [58%]). Compared with medical journal articles, nursing journal articles had significantly fewer authors (median [interquartile range], 5 [3-6] vs 8 [6-10]; P < .001) and study participants (94 [51-237] vs 375 [86-4183]; P < .001) and a significantly lower proportion of male study participants (55% [26%-65%] vs 60% [51%-65%]; P = .02). Studies published in medical journals were much more likely than those published in nursing journals to exclusively involve patients as participants (47 [94%] vs 25 [50%]; P < .001). Coauthorship between physicians and nurses was evident in 14 articles (14%), with infrequent inclusion of authors from other health care disciplines.

Conclusions

Physician research and nurse research differ in several important aspects and tend to occur within silos. Increased interprofessional collaboration is possible and worthwhile.
Family and Clinician Experiences of Sympathy Cards in the 3 Wishes Project
Authors: Takaoka Alyson , Vanstone Meredith , Neville Thanh H. , Goksoyr Sophia , Swinton Marilyn , Clarke France J. , Smith Orla M. , LeBlanc Allana , Foster Denise , Kao Yuhan , Xu Xueqing , Hoad Neala , Toledo Feli , Cook Deborah J.
Published: November 2020

Background

A recent randomized trial of bereaved family members of patients who died in an intensive care unit identified symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress in recipients of semistructured condolence letters.

Objectives

To explore family member and clinician experiences with receiving or sending handwritten sympathy cards upon the death of patients involved in a personalized end-of-life intervention, the 3 Wishes Project.

Methods

Interviews and focus groups were held with 171 family members and 222 clinicians at 4 centers to discuss their experiences with the 3 Wishes Project. Interview transcripts were searched to identify participants who discussed sympathy cards. Data related to sympathy cards were independently coded by 2 investigators through conventional content analysis.

Results

Sympathy cards were discussed during 32 interviews (by 25 family members of 21 patients and by 11 clinicians) and 2 focus groups (8 other clinicians). Family members reported that personalized sympathy cards were a welcome surprise; they experienced them as a heartfelt act of compassion. Clinicians viewed cards as an opportunity to express shared humanity with families, reminding them that they and their loved one were not forgotten. Signing cards allowed clinicians to reminisce individually and collectively with colleagues. Family members and clinicians experienced sympathy cards as a meaningful continuation of care after a patient’s death.

Conclusions

Inviting clinicians who cared for deceased patients to offer personalized, handwritten condolences to bereaved family members may cultivate sincere and individualized expressions of sympathy that bereaved families appreciate after the death of patients involved in the 3 Wishes Project.