bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction Risk Assessment of High-Fill Subgrade Using Combination Weighting Method Based on Game Theory
Authors: Li Youyun , He Tao , Peng Xinghai
Published: September 2023

The construction safety risks (such as landslides or slumps) of the high-fill subgrade are characterized by uncertainty and variability. In order to ensure the construction safety of the high-fill subgrade of the expressway, a comprehensive risk assessment model of high-fill subgrade construction according to the combination weighting method based on game theory was established. Firstly, settlement rate, lateral differential settlement, horizontal displacement at the foot of the slope, deep horizontal displacement, and excess pore pressure were selected as evaluation indicators, and an evaluation index system of high-fill subgrade was constructed. Secondly, the subjective and objective weights were obtained via the analytic hierarchy process and entropy method. Furthermore, the optimized weights were obtained by introducing game theory, and the construction risk of the high-fill subgrade was evaluated and analyzed using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Finally, based on the high-fill section of the Zhijiang-Tongren Expressway in Hunan Province (China), the evaluation model was validated through field measurement data. The results show that the safety scores obtained using the three methods of analytic hierarchy process, entropy method, and combination weighting method based on game theory are similar. The combination weighting evaluation model can correct the evaluation result error caused by a single weight and avoid information delay caused by the manual processing and analysis of monitoring data. The high-fill subgrade safety evaluation grade based on the combination weighting method and game theory is consistent with the engineering situation, and its fault tolerance range is within 20%. The evaluation model proposed in this study can scientifically and effectively evaluate the safety risks of high-fill subgrade construction, significantly improving the safety and reliability during the construction process.
PERANCANGAN ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN FEDERAL ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE FRAMEWORK (FAEF) DALAM STANDAR PEMBIAYAAN PENDIDIKAN DI SMK KARYA GUNA JAKARTA
Authors: Nur Aflaha  , Bambang Prasetya Adhi  , Hamidillah Ajie
Published: September 2023

Enterprise Architecture merupakan proses pengembangan yang dilakukan untuk menentukan analisis, desain, perencanaan dalam pelaksanaan aktivitas sistem informasi untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi. Dalam Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP) pada Sekolah Menegah Kejuruan (SMK) merupakan acuan mutu yang digunakan untuk peningkatkan kualitas dan daya saing Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) pada satuan pendidikan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah guna menghadapi tantangan masa kini dan masa mendatang. Standar pembiayaan pendidikan memiliki peranan yang sangat penting terhadap sumber – sumber pendapatan dan penggunaan biaya yang diperuntukkan bagi penggelolaan pendidikan secara efektif dan efisien dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan yang bermutu. Penelitian dilakukan di SMK Karya Guna Jakarta yang merupakan instansi pendidikan swasta, bernaung dibawah yayasan pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah blueprint pada tahap arsitektur bisnis dengan model enterprise architecture yang sesuai dengan SNP dalam bidang Standar Pembiayaan Pendidikan di SMK Karya Guna Jakarta. Dalam pemenuhan Standar Pembiayaan Pendidikan tersebut maka dibuat perancangan enterprise architecture menggunakan metode federal enterprise architecture framework yang terdiri dari empat level. Pada level pertama dilakukan analisis kondisi sekolah secara global dengan bantuan teknik analisis PEST dan SWOT. Level kedua merupakan mengidentifikasi proses bisnis. Level ketiga berisi pemodelan arsitektur informasi berupa rencana arsitektur bisnis, data dan teknologi yang akan digunakan untuk menampung sistem informasi. Level keempat merupakan pembuatan model arsitektur enterprise menggunakan matriks FEAF. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa blueprint sebagai buku pedoman organisasi sekolah dalam mencapai tujuan strategisnya.
The Mediating Effect of Career Decision-making Self-efficacy in the Relationship between Job Seeking Stress and Ego-resilience of Nursing Students
Authors: Lee Jung-Hoon , Jeon Ah Reum , Jung Hye Yeon , Heo Ye Ji , Jang Min Ju , Lee Ju Heon , Choi Eun Young , Tae Jun Ho , Song Ji Hyun , Song Yeoungsuk
Published: September 2023

Objectives: This study was a descriptive research study to understand the mediating effect of career decision-making self-efficacy in the relationship between job seeking stress and ego-resilience of nursing students. Methods: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 130 students with clinical practice in the 3rd and 4th grade of nursing university and college located in Daegu Metropolitan City. Results: The degree of the indirect effect of job seeking stress on ego-resilience through career decision-making self-efficacy was -0.18 (95% CI = -0.32, -0.06). The degree of the direct effect of job seeking stress on ego-resilience -0.30 (95% CI = -0.43, -0.16). In other words, it was demonstrated that career decision-making self-efficacy mediated the relationship between job seeking stress and ego-resilience for nursing students. Conclusions: Through this study, the mediation of career decision-making self-efficacy was confirmed in the relationship between job seeking stress and ego-resilience perceived by nursing students. Therefore, repeated research is required along with the development and application of career decision-making self-efficacy improvement program to increase the ego-resilience of nursing students.
Factors Related to the Transmission of COVID-19 within Households from Pediatric Initial Cases
Authors: Lee Da Hye , Kim Jong Yeon , Kim Youn Joo , Lee Seung Soo , Lee Won Kee
Published: September 2023

Objectives: This study aims to identify pediatric COVID-19 transmission the general and epidemiological characteristics within households and determine odds ratios (OR) of transmission based on these characteristics. Methods: This study analyzed all laboratory-confirmed (PCR +) initial pediatric COVID-19 cases aged 0 to 18 years reported in Daegu, Republic of Korea, between February 18, 2020, and December 31, 2021 (n = 1,348). Household transmission was defined as households where at least one secondary case occurs within 1 to 14 days after the pediatric initial case. The study excluded cases that were known as the index case in the household but were identified as a secondary case through epidemiological investigation. Additionally, if the source of infection was unknown, they were excluded, provided at least one family member confirmed positive on the laboratory-contact test, including cases with incomplete epidemiological investigation. Results: 469 cases (34.8%) experienced household transmission. Male, symptomatic and cases with unknown source of infection had higher OR of transmitting COVID-19 to the household compared to the opposite scenarios (Male: OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.07-1.74; Symptomatic: OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.36-2.73; unknown source of infection: OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.59-3.21). Moreover, the age group of 4-6 years had the highest OR of transmitting COVID-19 to household contacts compared to the age group of 13-18 years (OR, 3.59; 95% CI, 2.55-5.05), and the age groups of 7-12 years (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.94-3.53) and 0-3 years (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.22-4.15) also showed higher ORs. However, the OR for the Ct value was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96-0.99). Conclusions: This study suggests that male, symptomatic and cases with unknown sources in pediatric COVID-19 patients are more likely to transmit COVID-19 within households. Younger pediatric patients have higher OR for COVID-19 households transmission than older ones. However, the high Ct value indicated a lower likelihood of transmission.
Development of Prediction Models for Needs and Resources Service Using Big Data Related to Elderly Care
Authors: Kim Yeonjin , Lee Taehoon , Min So-Young , Park Sangun , Kim Hongsoo , Lee Woojoo
Published: September 2023

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to verify the possibility of utilizing the integrated case management big data in Korea to identify the complex care needs of the elderly in the community and link them to appropriate resources through a machine learning-based predictive model. Methods: Three merged datasets were made by combining different combinations of the data from integrated case management, elderly care service, and Community Integrated Care Leading Project conducted in Korea. Due to the issue of multiple selection of the response variables, the analysis considering multi-label classification method was conducted. The performance of the predictive model was evaluated based on the F1 score. Results: (1) ‘Maintaining daily life’ and ‘Health’ labels in the needs, (2) ‘Maintaining physical health’ and ‘food, clothing and shelter’ labels in the problem domain, (3) ‘Physical health’, ‘daily life’, and ‘housing’ labels in the major classification of resources, and (4) ‘meal food support’, ‘disease prevention and health care’, and ‘living environment improvement’ labels in the major classification of resources showed F1 ≥ 0.8. Conclusions: In this study, we verified that the elderly need-resource linkage prediction based on big data for integrated case management was at an appropriate level, and the possibility of supporting integrated case management using this was confirmed.
The Mediating Effect of Learning Attitude in the Relationship between Peer Attachment and Life Satisfaction in Korean Upper Elementary School Students
Authors: Han Seung-Woo , Kim Eun-Young
Published: September 2023

Objectives: This study is a cross-sectional study that analyzes data from a self-report online survey conducted on Korean upper elementary school students, and aims to identify the mediating effect of learning attitude in the relationship between peer attachment and life satisfaction. Methods: In this study, the 13th panel study on Korean children data collected from July to December 2020, organized by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education, was used. The variables used were peer attachment, life satisfaction, and learning attitude. In this study, mean, standard deviation, frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted for major variables using the SPSS 26.0 program, and AMOS 22.0 was also used to determine the fit between the measurement model and the structural model. Results: As a result of this study, the path from peer attachment to learning attitude (β = 0.532, p < 0.001) and the path from learning attitude to life satisfaction (β = 0.146, p < 0.001) were statistically significant. In addition, it was found that learning attitude had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between peer attachment and life satisfaction. Conclusions: This study can provide basic data for the development of programs or counseling that can contribute to upper elementary school students’ positive school life and their adaptation to school in the future.
Implementing the rasch model to assess the level of students' critical and reflective thinking skills on the photoelectric effect
Authors: Juandi Tarpin , Kaniawati Ida , Samsudin Achmad , Riza Lala Septem
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the level of students’ critical and reflective thinking skills on the topic of photoelectric effects. In this study, the cross-sectional survey approach was employed in conjunction with purposive sampling techniques.  The data collection instruments are questionnaires for critical thinking and reflective thinking skills, with 20 critical thinking items and 24 reflective thinking items. A total of 35 students, 6 males and 29 females, with an average age of 20 years, agreed to fill out the questionnaire that was distributed. The acquired quantitative data were evaluated using the Rasch model, with critical thinking skills showing that 11% of students were at a very low level, 49% were at a low level, 26% were at a high level, and 14% were at a very high level. Meanwhile, data analysis of reflective thinking skills revealed that 20% of pupils had low levels, 63% had moderate levels, and 17% had high levels. As a result, it is suggested that critical thinking and reflective thinking skills be continuously debriefed.
Content analysis of the independent curriculum physics science textbook from the perspective of critical thinking aspects and HOTS
Authors: Sebastian Rio , Jumadi Jumadi , Winingsih Puji Hariati , Hapsari Nadya Amalia Putri
Published: September 2023

This study aims to reveal characteristics of critical thinking and cognitive elements in HOTS category questions from the Independent Curriculum Senior High School Physics Science Textbook in the material of Magnitudes and Measurements. This content analysis study employs the descriptive analysis method, as well as qualitative and quantitative approaches. The Science Textbook Physics independent curriculum for class X Senior High School was utilized as the study's sample. According to the findings of this study, the two text books evaluated elevate critical thinking features such as interpretation, analysis, evaluation, explanation, inference, and self-regulation, with the aspect of interpretation prevailing at 35.14% in book A and 33.35% in book B. While the findings of the HOTS category question analysis for both books revealed that both books discovered HOTS category questions with components of analyzing (C4) and evaluating (C5), no HOTS categories were discovered for the element of creating (C6). Most of the problems in the two books are still dominated by LOTS (low order thinking skill) questions, indicating that learning to think at a higher level requires more than just textbooks and direct instruction from the teacher. As a result, in order for students to think at a higher level, direct instruction from the teacher is required.
Selection of a time series of beneficial use wetland creation sites in the Sabine National Wildlife Refuge for use in restoration trajectory development
Authors: Harris Brian , Harris Kathleen , Jafari Navid , Bekkaye Jasmine , Murray Elizabeth , Altman Safra
Published: September 2023

The development of regional restoration trajectories of marsh creation and nourishment projects is key to improved design, management, and implementation of adaptive management principles. Synthesizing information from multiple marsh creation projects constructed at various times but with consistent site characteristics and borrow material sources, helps elucidate restoration success in a specific region. Specifically, this technical note (TN) documents the process of determining a suitable study area, construction methods, and the current state of establishing sites in the Louisiana Gulf Coast that could be used for restoration trajectory development. This investigation compiled information from the construction phases, Landset 8 satellite imagery, and the most recent digital elevation model (DEM) to investigate elevation and vegetation establishment within these sites.
PILOT PROJECT OF AN ETHICAL CODE OF SUBJECTS IMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY OF CREATING, APPLYING AND UTILIZING MEDICAL PRODUCTS BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Kazan Innovative University named after V.G.Timiryasov (KIU), Shutova Albina A. , Begishev Ildar R. ,   Kazan Innovative University named after V.G.Timiryasov (KIU)
Published: September 2023

The pilot project of an ethical code of subjects implementing activity of creating, applying and utilizing medical products based on artificial intelligence technologies is a corpus of general principles of professional ethics and main rules of official conduct to be followed by the subjects implementing activities of creating, applying and utilizing medical products based on artificial intelligence technologies, aimed at strengthening the authority of medical staff, enhancing patients’ trust towards artificial intelligence technologies and preventing potential negative effects as a result of their application. The code is intended for legal scientists and practical lawyers, medical staff, members of human ethics committees, experts in medical ethics, representatives of law-making authorities, government agencies, business community and non-governmental organizations, patients, and a broad circle of readers interested in the issues of digital transformation of the healthcare system.
PILOT PROJECT OF AN ETHICAL CODE OF SUBJECTS IMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY OF CREATING, APPLYING AND UTILIZING MEDICAL PRODUCTS BASED ON ROBOTICS TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Kazan Innovative University named after V.G.Timiryasov (KIU), Shutova Albina A. , Begishev Ildar R. ,   Kazan Innovative University named after V.G.Timiryasov (KIU)
Published: September 2023

The pilot project of an ethical code of subjects implementing activity of creating, applying and utilizing medical products based on robotics technologies is a corpus of general principles of professional ethics and main rules of official conduct to be followed by the subjects implementing activities of creating, applying and utilizing medical products based on robotics technologies, aimed at strengthening the authority of medical staff, enhancing patients’ trust towards robotics technologies and preventing potential negative effects as a result of their application. The code is intended for legal scientists and practical lawyers, medical staff, members of human ethics committees, experts in medical ethics, representatives of law-making authorities, government agencies, business community and non-governmental organizations, patients, and a broad circle of readers interested in the issues of digital transformation of the healthcare system.
PILOT PROJECT OF A FEDERAL LAW "ON AMENDMENTS TO CERTAIN LEGISLATIVE ACTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION"
Authors:   South Ural State University (national research university), Gromova Elizaveta A.
Published: September 2023

The initiative draft of the Federal Law "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" proposes comprehensive and systemic changes to the current legislation on stimulating entrepreneurial activity in the field of digital innovations and technologies, and is aimed at increasing the favorability of the domestic legal climate and conditions for entrepreneurial activity in the field of digital innovations and technologies. It is intended for representatives of law-making bodies, government departments, the business community and public organizations, legal scholars, as well as a wide range of readers interested in stimulating legal regimes of entrepreneurship in the field of digital innovations and technologies.
Isolation of extracellular vesicles from pine (Pinus sp.) needles (leaves) and roots
Authors: Kunene Sithembile , Steenkamp Emma , Motaung Thabiso
Published: September 2023

Plants release extracellular vesicles (EVs) for various reasons, such as unconventional protein secretion, RNA transport, and defence against pathogens. However, very little is known about plant EV biosynthesis and diverse and bioactive luminal contents, including how they alter recipient cell biology and function. To study EVs, researchers often isolate them from apoplastic wash or juice fluids using various methods. A method is needed to isolate EVs from non-model plants with tougher leaves such as species in the Pinus genus. Because of their spindly and sharp shape, pines have strong acicular-shaped leaves that are commonly called needles. Unlike all other taproots, pine seedlings grow into a primary root first, which gives rise to lateral roots later. There are also various dimensions and shapes of pine needles, but they are relatively strong compared to the leaves of other plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, where most EV studies have been concentrated. Extracting EVs from a juice fluid is highly effective for plants with tougher leaves because it ensures that the cells have been broken down and the vesicles are present. Given these reasons, we describe our method for the isolation and purification of EVs from needles and roots of different pine species. A detailed protocol is provided that can guide the collection of juice fluid from pine needles and roots in a clean and efficient manner. A number of other plant species with similar morphologies can greatly benefit from the use of this protocol.
Comparative analysis of Phenolic and antioxidant profiling of white variety guava fruit (cv Arka Mridula) across the ripening stages, a statistical multi-facet study
Authors: Bylappa Yatheesharadhya , Nag Anish
Published: September 2023

Anatomical (Scanning Electron Microscopy), phenolic (total phenol and total flavonoid), antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS) and analytical profiling (LC and GC-MS) were performed for three different ripening stages (pre-ripe, ripe and over-ripe) of guava. Overall, the antioxidant-phenolic parameters showed a sigmoid pattern of change during the maturation progress of the fruit at room temperature (28±2ºC). Further, the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) established a strong correlation among different phenolic-antioxidant variables studied in this work. Analytical characterization by GC and LC-MS identified 55 (fifty-five) compounds from the guava extract. The PCA revealed a few compounds, namely, Glycine, Gamma Sitosterol, Kaempferol-4'-glucoside, Thiamine, Catechin and n-Hexadecanoic acid, could contribute significantly to the ripening process of guava. Finally, it is expected that an in-depth metabolic study of the guava ripening life cycle performed here could lead to the future development of highly stable fruit varies, with extended post-harvest shelf life at room temperature.
Iontronic Array with a Frequency-Coding Architecture for Transient Tactile Perception
Authors: Wang Taihong , Li Zhibin , Yang Jing , Zhang Yuxuan , Geng Peiyan , Feng Jiansong , Chen Bin , Zhang Xu , Yuan Guojiang , Chen Xiaolong
Published: September 2023

The artificial iontronic tactile system is a device that mimics the prompt and transient response of biological skin to mechanical stimuli, thereby enabling robots to perceive their environment. However, the surge in the number of tactile units in space constrains the data acquisition bandwidth when based on individual addressing, impeding the fast transient tactile sensing capability of the iontronic skin (I-skin). Here, we report a Frequency Coded Artificial Ion Mechanoreceptor Skin (FC-AIMS). Equipped with a fast-sensing readout circuit based on frequency coding, an array (8×8) of artificial ion mechanoreceptor (AIM) with high sensitivity (> (1.2 kPa)^-1) and ultra-wide pressure range (120 Pa - 2 MPa) successfully achieve real-time readout (within 2 ms) for the external dynamic spatiotemporal mechanical stimuli. Moreover, the parallel measurement mechanism of the circuit effectively mitigates crosstalk between sensing units. We have demonstrated that combination of proposed device and deep learning has a broad application prospect in intelligent human-machine interaction and real-time dynamic robotic manipulation.
Prognostic Factors in 448 Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Receiving Bortezomib-based Induction: Impact of ASCT, Transplant Refusal and High-Risk MM
Authors: Chim Chor Sang , Tang Hoi Ki Karen , Fung Chi Yeung , Hwang YY , Lee Harold , Lau Grace , YIP Sze , Kho Bonnie , Lau Chi Kuen , Leung Kwan Hung , Au Elaine Yuen Ling , Tse Eric , Sim Joycelyn , Kwong Yok-Lam
Published: September 2023

In Hong Kong, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) receives bortezomib-based triplet induction. Upfront autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is offered to transplant eligible (TE) patients (NDMM ≤65 years of age), unless medically unfit (TE-unfit) or refused (TE-refused). Data was retrieved for 448 patients to assess outcomes. For the entire cohort, multivariate analysis showed that male gender (p=0.011), international staging system (ISS) 3 (p=0.001), high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p=0.000009) were adverse predictors for overall survival (OS), while complete response/ near complete response (CR/nCR) post-induction (p=0.000078) and ASCT (p=0.000478) were favorable factors for OS. In TE group, upfront ASCT was conducted in 252 (76.1%). Failure to undergo ASCT in TE patients rendered an inferior OS (TE-unfit p=1.06x10-8, TE-refused p=0.002) and event free survival (EFS) (TE-unfit p=0.00013, TE-refused p=0.002). Among TE patients with ASCT, multivariate analysis showed that age≥60 (p=0.001), ISS 3 (p=0.004) and high LDH (p=0.000251) were adverse factors for OS. In those with high-risk features (HR cytogenetics, ISS3, R-ISS 3), ASCT appeared to mitigate their adverse impact. Our data reaffirmed the importance of ASCT. The poor survival inherent with refusal of ASCT should be recognized by clinicians. Finally, improved outcome with ASCT in those with high risk features warrant further studies.
A Systematic Literature Review of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in Software Engineering (SE)
Authors: khan Adam , Ali Asad , Khan Jahangir , Ullah Fasee , Khan Muhammad Asif
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the most advanced developing area for enhancing Machine Intelligence and replicating the intelligence of humans. In this regard, Machine Learning (ML) is used to develop algorithms and models that help machines learn from data and predict problems. Although ML models provide accurate predictions, they are frequently considered black boxes due to their lack of interpretability. This can undermine trust and acceptance of AI systems, particularly in critical domains requiring transparency and accountability, such as Healthcare. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques, which have emerged to make ML models more transparent and interpretable, can address the lack of interpretability challenge. They shed light on how ML models make decisions and explain and justify the results. This builds trust and makes AI systems more accessible to implement in various industries. The proposed research study investigates how much XAI is used in Software Engineering (SE). It intends to present a comprehensive view of the most recent advancements and address challenges and future directions for further investigation. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) investigates the application of XAI techniques in SE. It is based on empirical studies published between January 2020 and September 2022 to analyze the XAI’s overall illustration. We developed a search string and six research questions, each answered briefly. According to our SLR findings, 14 of the 131 research studies extracted from various databases addressed XAI techniques. Additionally, 14 research studies using XAI techniques in the Healthcare and Finance domains were chosen to compare with the findings of this literature review. These studies were chosen because the researchers frequently cited them. Following our findings, XAI approaches were mainly employed in the Software Fault Predictions (SFP) subdomain of SE, and all studies used local explanations. Python programming libraries were used for implementation, with “sci-kit” being the most widely used, followed by “caret” of the R programming language. In addition, the “LIME” tool is the most commonly used in the SFP domain for local explanations, followed by the “SHAP” tool. The findings also show that local and global explanations were used in the Healthcare and Finance domains. The most widely used Python programming library is the “sci-kit learn” library, with the “SHAP” tool being the most commonly used explanation tool in the Finance and Healthcare domains. Finally, whereas XAI in SE is new, XAI methods have been used in conjunction with traditional machine learning models. However, there is a lack of benchmark evaluation metrics in the existing literature, leading to researcher confusion and unreliable comparison standards.
Transforming Inert CeCl3 into a Recyclable Heterogeneous Visible Light Photocatalyst
Authors: Mal Prasenjit , Dinda TARUN , Manna Anupam
Published: September 2023

Synthetic chemists encounter increasing financial and environmental challenges in their quest for innovative catalysis. We have discovered a method to harness visible light using inert CeCl3, transforming it into a recyclable heterogeneous photocatalyst. CeCl3 is a well-known Lewis acid, is insoluble in acetonitrile, and does not absorb light. However, when combined with NXS (NBS or NCS) in acetonitrile, a transient charge-transfer complex forms, enabling visible light absorption. The formed complex facilitated the photoexcitation of Ce(III) ions, transforming them into powerful reductants that donate electrons to NXS. This led to the generation of halide radicals from NXS radical anions, enabling the solar synthesis of gem-dihaloketones from terminal alkynes through C-X cross-coupling reactions. Remarkably, the catalyst could be recovered after the reactions and reused without significant decomposition.
Genotype-based “virtual” metabolomics in a clinical biobank identifies novel metabolite-disease associations
Authors: Ferguson Jane , Bagheri Minoo , Bombin Andrei , Shi Mingjian , Murthy Venkatesh , Shah Ravi , Mosley Jonathan
Published: September 2023

Circulating metabolites act as biomarkers of dysregulated metabolism, and may inform disease pathophysiology. A portion of the inter-individual variability in circulating metabolites is influenced by common genetic variation. We evaluated whether a genetics-based “virtual” metabolomics approach can identify novel metabolite-disease associations. We examined the association between polygenic scores for 726 metabolites (derived from OMICSPRED) with 1,247 clinical phenotypes in 57,735 European ancestry and 15,754 African ancestry participants from the BioVU DNA Biobank. We probed significant relationships through Mendelian randomization (MR) using genetic instruments constructed from the METSIM Study, and validated significant MR associations using independent GWAS of candidate phenotypes. We found significant associations between 336 metabolites and 168 phenotypes in European ancestry and 107 metabolites and 56 phenotypes among African ancestry. Of these metabolite-disease pairs, MR analyses confirmed associations between 73 metabolites and 53 phenotypes in European ancestry. Of 22 metabolite-phenotype pairs evaluated for replication in independent GWAS, 16 were significant (false discovery rate p<0.05). Validated findings included the metabolites bilirubin and X–21796 with cholelithiasis, phosphatidylcholine(16:0/22:5n3,18:1/20:4) and arachidonate(20:4n6) with inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn's disease, and campesterol with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. These associations may represent biomarkers or potentially targetable mediators of disease risk.
Nutritional Intervention and Therapeutic Use of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) Fruit Juice as It Clears Malaria Parasites and Replenishes Depleted Blood Levels in Plasmodium Berghei Infected Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: IGWENYI Ikechuku , ONODUGO Chinemelum Adaora , AJA Patrick Maduabuchi , ELOM Sunday Oge , AWOKE Joshua Nonso , IBHADODE Osarieme Sandra , URAKU Anayo Joseph , EDWIN Nzubechukwu , OBASI Ajuka Nwogo , DAVID Ebuka Elijah , IGWENYI Ijeoma Precious , OGBU Patience Nkemjika , EGWU Chinedu , ATOKI Ayomide Victor
Published: September 2023

One of the major pathogenesis of malaria parasite infection is the invasion and destruction of the Red Blood Cells, which requires the synergistic administration of antimalarial and most times essential nutrients for effective treatment. Previous studies have shown that various non-edible parts of Azadirachta indica tree may have anti-malarial potentials, hence the investigation on the effects of edible fresh juice of Azadirachta indica fruit on various hematological parameters in addition to its potential to clear Plasmodium berghei in infected mice. The phytochemical constituents of A. indica fruit juice were carried out by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS) method. Determinations of creatinine, urea, and lipid profile were carried out using Auto-analyzer. The chromatogram of GC-MS analysis of A. indica fruit juice showed four (4) peaks as follows dodecanoic acid (4.37%), oleic acid (14.19%), 13-octadecyl (17.05%) and 15-tetracosanoic acid methyl ester (47.13%) as the major constituent. The unique pathway for plasmodial fatty acid synthesis has become a possible target of drug action. Adult male mice were placed in six groups (n = 6). Group A mice were fed a normal diet and water ad libitum only while groups B to E were fed a normal diet and water ad libitum and further infected with Plasmodium berghei. The parasitemia was confirmed on the third day of infection. Groups C, D, E, and F were further given 5mg/kg body weight of Artesunate, 4.3ml/kg, 8.6 ml/kg, and 12.9 ml/kg of fruit juice respectively for fourteen days and then sacrificed. The percentage of parasitemia in infected groups was very high but treatment with Artesunate and various doses of fruit juice significantly reduced the percentage of parasitemia. Interestingly, 0.86mg/kg dose of the fruit juice caused a high significant reduction in the percentage of parasitemia comparable to the potency of Artesunate. Additionally, infection with Plasmodium berghei yielded a significant decrease in the levels of various hematological indices in the infected mice which were normalized with the administration of Artesunate and the fruit juice of Azadirachta indica. Fruit juice of Azadirachta indica has been shown to have novel dual benefits of clearing malaria parasites, serving as a blood tonic and nutritional supplement.
Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram for Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A SEER Database Analysis
Authors: Chen Qishuang , Guo Yiying , Wang Zihan , Chen Xiaoying , Tian Chao , Zheng Jiabin , Tan Huangying
Published: September 2023

Background
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (GEP-NEC) is a rare group of diseases with poor prognosis. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram to assess overall survival (OS) in patients with GEP-NEC.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with poorly differentiated GEP-NEC were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2011 and 2015 and divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Nomogram was used to predict OS at 1 and 2 years. The nomogram was internally validated with validation cohort, and its predictive ability was evaluated using C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, decision curve analysis (DCA), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index.
Results
A total of 887 patients were divided into the training group (n = 623) and the validation group (n = 264). Based on multivariate analysis, a nomogram was constructed with age, gender, N stage, tumor size, primary tumor resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy (P < 0.05). The C-index was 0.701 (95% CI: 0.677–0.725) and 0.731 (95% CI: 0.698–0.764) for the training and validation groups, respectively. The C-index, ROC, IDI and DCA results indicated that this nomogram model has a good predictive value.
Conclusions
This study screened for seven independent prognostic factors for GEP-NEC. A nomogram model based on the seven variables provided visualization of the risk for each prognostic factor and could help clinicians predict the 1-year and 2-year OS of GEP-NEC.
Bioinformatic gene analysis for potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of heart fibrillation and stroke
Authors: Zhang Xiaojing , Chen Xinye
Published: September 2023

Background
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome associated with high morbidity and mortality. Additionally, HF is also a potent and persistent risk factor for ischemic stroke. We studied co-expressed genes to understand relationships between HF and stroke and reveal potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of HF-related stroke.
Methods
HF- and stroke-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and lncRNAs (DELs), were identified via bioinformatic analysis Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE76701 and GSE58294, respectively. Subsequently, extensive target prediction and network analyses methods were used to assess protein–protein interaction (PPI) and ceRNA networks, Gene Ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathway enrichment for DEGs, and the function and expression of the co-expressed DEGs coupled with corresponding predicted miRNAs involved in HF and stroke were assessed.
Results
We identified 384 DEGs and 45 DELs in the left ventricle specimens of HF patients, respectively. Meanwhile, 884 DEGs and 266 DELs were identified in the blood samples of patients with stroke. Subsequently, 21 co-expressed DEGs and two co-expressed DELs (MALAT1 and GABPB1-AS1) may be significantly associated with HF-related stroke. Through the eDGAR online dataset, only ESR1 among 21 co-DEGs was related to myocardial infarction.
Conclusion
ESR1 is significantly associated with novel biomarkers involved in HF-related stroke, and may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for disease.
Assessment of Left Atrial Function in Normal Fetuses Using Speckle Tracking Analysis: Implications for Diastolic Function
Authors: Ye Xiaoguang , Li Yidan , Cai Qizhe , Sun Lanlan , Zhu Weiwei , Ding Xueyan , Lu Xiuzhang
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Fetal echocardiography is a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating the structure and function of the fetal heart. However, assessing fetal left atrial (LA) function in various phases remains challenging, and the relationship between fetal LA and diastolic function is unknown. We used two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) to assess LA function in healthy fetuses in different stages and evaluated the relationship between fetal LA function and diastolic function.
Materials and methods
This single-center prospective study included 225 healthy women with normal singleton pregnancies. At three gestational ages, 23–24 weeks, 32–33 weeks, and 36–37 weeks, 2D-STE was performed to obtain the LA strain and strain rate in the reservoir, conduit, and contraction phases. Parameters of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, including global longitudinal early peak LV strain rate, global longitudinal late peak LV strain rate, diastolic strain rate e/a ratio, and mitral Doppler inflow pattern E/A ratio were measured and correlated with LA strain parameters.
Results
Of the 225 cases, 198 (88%) were included in the analysis. Compared with measurements in the second trimester, during the third trimester, both LA strain and strain rate were lower during the reservoir and contraction phases, while the LA strain was more significant during the conduit phase (all p < 0.05). The LA strain and strain rate in the contraction phase showed a significant correlation with the parameters of LV diastolic function.
Conclusions
Our study findings suggest that LA contraction function correlates strongly with LV diastolic function in fetuses. Thus, monitoring changes in atrial function throughout gestation can be valuable for assessing fetal cardiac maturation and identifying abnormal fetal cardiac position.
Genome wide association studies for red leaf spot (Colletotrichum sublineolum) in sorghum
Authors: Kaur Jasneet , Sohu R. S. , Atri Ashlesha , Bhardwaj Ruchika , Vikal Yogesh
Published: September 2023

Evaluation of red leaf spot disease (Colletotrichum sublineolum) resistance in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Monech crop is recognized as a necessary objective towards anthracnose resistance in warm and humid climates. A fixed diversity set of 121 genotypes were assessed for red leaf spot disease response for two years during 2020-21(E1) and 2021-22 (E2). On the basis of differential response to red leaf spot, a panel of 86 genotypes were selected for genotyping by sequencing (GBS). The best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of disease score and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) along with identified SNPs in GBS were used for genome wide association studies (GWAS). A large number of significant marker-trait associations were identified for test traits. A total of 30 SNPs were identified for final disease score of plant at harvest and 38 SNPs were identified for AUDPC during E1 and E2. Chromosome S02 (six) and S06 (six) harboured maximum number of SNPs followed by S04 (five) for disease score. Linkage disequilibrium decay (LD) in population was estimated to be ~ 50kb. Annotations helped to predict candidate genes in the genomic regions associated SNPs for test traits. Important candidate genes involved were RLP, WRKY, F-box protein, CDP, zinc finger and putative disease resistance protein. Four lines IS 7017, IS 8015, IS 8256 and SCL 4 were free from infection, indicating resistance to red leaf spot and can also serve as donors in cultivar improvement breeding for red leaf spot.
Awareness and level of digital literacy among students receiving health-based education
Authors: Aydinlar Alp , Mavi Arda , Kutukcu Ece , Kirimli Elcim Elgun , Alis Deniz , Akin Ata , Altintas Levent
Published: September 2023

Background
Being digitally literate allows health-based science students to access reliable, up-to-date information efficiently and expands the capacity for continuous learning. Digital literacy facilitates effective communication and collaboration among other healthcare providers. It helps to navigate the ethical implications of using digital technologies and aids the use of digital tools in managing healthcare processes. Our aim in this study is to determine the digital literacy level and awareness of our students receiving health-based education in our university and to pave the way for supporting the current curriculum with courses on digital literacy when necessary.
Method
Students from Acibadem University who were registered undergraduate education for at least four years of health-based education, School of Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nursing, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Psychology, Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Biology, and Genetics were included. The questionnaire consisted of 24 queries evaluating digital literacy in 7 fields: software and multimedia, hardware and technical problem solving, network and communication/collaboration, ethics, security, artificial intelligence, and interest/knowledge. Two student groups representing all departments were invited for interviews according to the Delphi method.
Results
The survey was completed by 476 students. Female students had less computer knowledge and previous coding education. Spearman correlation test showed that there were weak positive correlations between the classes and the "software and multimedia," "ethics," "interest and knowledge" domains, and the average score. The students from Nursing scored lowest in the query after those from the Nutrition and Dietetics department. The highest scores were obtained by Biomedical Engineering students, followed by the School of Medicine. Participants scored the highest in "network" and "A.I." and lowest in "interest-knowledge" domains.
Conclusion
It is necessary to define the level of computer skills who start health-based education and shape the curriculum by determining which domains are weak. Creating an educational environment that fosters females' digital knowledge is recommended. Elective courses across faculties may be offered to enable students to progress and discuss various digital literacy topics. The extent to which students benefit from the digital literacy-supported curriculum may be evaluated. Thus, health-based university students are encouraged to acquire the computer skills required by today's clinical settings.
Effectiveness and Safety of Originator and Biosimilar G-CSF as Primary Prophylaxis in DLBCL: A Cohort Study and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kang Ying-Ying , Lee Eric Kin-Lap , Wang Ching-Yao , Hong Ying-Chung , Liang Fu-Wen
Published: September 2023

Background Real-world data on the comparative use of originator and biosimilar granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) in Asia is lacking. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of originator and biosimilar G-CSF as primary prophylaxis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods This cohort study evaluated patients with previously untreated DLBCL who received chemotherapy and primary prophylactic G-CSF. We assessed the incidence of febrile neutropenia, severe neutropenia, post-chemotherapy nadir absolute neutrophil count (ANC), infection, and adverse events (AEs) in patients receiving biosimilar G-CSF compared to those receiving originator G-CSF. Inverse probability weighting and logistic/linear regression were used. Additionally, a systematic review and meta-analyses were performed to compare febrile neutropenia incidence.Results We included 146 patients (65 years, 58% female). The majority (92%) received short-acting G-CSF; 35 patients received a biosimilar. There was no significant difference between biosimilar and originator G-CSF in febrile neutropenia (adjusted odds ratio: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.06, 1.61), infection (0.79; 0.23, 2.77) and severe neutropenia (0.21; 0.04, 1.11). Biosimilar G-CSF was associated with increased post-chemotherapy ANC (β: 1176.30, SE: 495.27, p: 0.019). None experienced an AE leading to G-CSF withdrawal or death. The results of the meta-analyses indicated comparable effectiveness between the short-acting biosimilar and the originator (1.03; 0.73, 1.44), but the long-acting originator G-CSF exhibited a superior effect (1.73; 1.24, 2.43).Conclusions Short-acting biosimilar G-CSF was as effective as originator G-CSF in preventing febrile neutropenia, whereas long-acting originator G-CSF may provide better protection. These results informed decision-making and formulary policies.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes family in Salicaceae during grafting
Authors: Yang Le , Chen Yao , Liu Xuejiao , Zhang Sheng , Han Qingquan
Published: September 2023

Background:
Poplar and willow are important fast-growing trees in China. Grafting plays an important role in improving plant stress resistance and construction of ornamental plants. It is found that willow scions grafted onto poplar rootstocks can form ornamental plants. However, this grafted combination has a low survival rate. Many studies have reported that the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family plays an important role in the healing process of grafts.
Results:
A total of 38 PtrXTHs and 32 SpuXTHs were identified in poplar and willow respectively, and were classified into three subfamilies. Tandem duplication was the main reason for the expansion of the PtrXTHs. Grafting treatment and Quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that five XTHgenes differentially expressed between self-grafted and reciprocal grafted combinations. Specifically, the high expression levels of SpuXTH16, SpuXTH17, SpuXTH25, PtrXTH22 and PtrXTH17 may contribute to the high survival rate of the grafted combination with willow scion and poplar rootstock. Subcellular localization identified that the SpuXTH16, SpuXTH17, SpuXTH25, PtrXTH17 and PtrXTH22 proteins were located on the cell walls. Transcription factors (NAC, MYB and DOF) may regulate the five XTH genes.
Conclusions:
This study provides a new understanding of the roles of PtrXTH and SpuXTHgenes and their roles in grafting. Our results will give some hints to explore the molecular mechanisms of PtrXTH and SpuXTH genes involved in grafting in the future.