bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative and qualitative petrophysical characteristics of main dolomite subfacies in pleogeographical zones
Authors: Semyrka Roman
Published: January 2014

Streszczenie

Analiza mikrofacjalna wraz ze szczegółową analizą sedymentologiczną umożliwiły wydzielenie na oma- wianym obszarze środowisk depozycyjnych dolomitu głównego oraz określenie odrębnych subfacji. W obrębie analizowanego obszaru w strefie bariery węglanowej utwory dolomitu głównego, wykształcone w subfacji bandstonów, prezentują typ skały zbiornikowej o charakterze porowym w klasie bardzo niskiej, niskiej pojemności dla gazu i bardzo niskiej dla ropy. W obrębie strefy równi platformowej dolomit główny tej subfacji ma charakter skały zbiornikowej typu porowego niskiej i średniej klasy pojemnościowej dla gazu| i niskiej dla ropy. Subfacja utworów mułozwięzłych dolomitu głównego w strefie podnóża platformy węglanowej reprezentuje typ skały zbiornikowej o niskiej, sporadycznie średniej pojemności dla gazu i bardzo niskiej i niskiej dla ropy, przy porowym lub porowo-szczelinowym wykształceniu przestrzeni porowej. Podobne cechy zbiornikowe subfacja ta wykazuje w obrębie strefy bariery węglanowej, gdzie wyniki analiz porozymetrycznych kwalifikują ją do skał zbiornikowych bardzo niskiej i niskiej pojemności dla gazu i bardzo niskiej dla ropy, o charakterze porowym i porowo-szczelinowym. Subfacja utworów ziarnozwięzłych, w obszarze strefy podnóża platformy węglanowej charakteryzuje się średnią i wysoką pojemnością zarówno dla gazu jak i ropy, o typie przestrzeni zbiornikowej porowej i szcze- linowo-porowej. W strefie bariery węglanowej cechy te są bardzo zróżnicowane, od niskiej pojemności do wysokiej dla gazu, oraz niskiej i bardzo niskiej dla ropy, przy porowym i porowo-szczelinowym charakterze przestrzeń i zbiornikowej. W obszarze równi platformowej dolomit główny reprezentuje głównie porowy charakter przestrzeni porowej, w klasie średniej pojemności dla gazu i niskiej dla ropy.
Occurrence of the griffon vulture Gyps fulvus and the black vulture Aegypius monachus in central europe in the 21st century
Authors: Danko Štefan , Ranner Andreas , Lontkowski Jan , Sándor István , Šírek Jirí , Gorban Igor
Published: January 2014

The paper presents an overview of the occurrence of two vulture species: the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) and the black vulture (Aegypius monachus) in Central Europe in the 21 st century. The number of records of griffon vultures has been increasing in recent years. After a first peak in the year 2007, the number of records has been steadily increasing again since 201 0. In some years (especially 2007 and 201 2) the occurrences showed the characteristics of an influx, similar to the development in Western and Western-Central Europe. In addition, this period coincides with changes in European sanitary legislation affecting the availability of livestock carcasses. Most of the records come from the summer months. It is likely that the increased occurrence is a result of increasing populations in South-Eastern but also in South-Western Europe, as well as being influenced by food shortages in south-western populations (mainly Spain). Both of these regions can be considered as likely origins of the birds observed in Eastern-Central Europe. The number of records of black vultures do not show a similar pattern, although there are indications that birds from the reintroduced population in central France also turn up as far afield as Eastern Europe.
Delimitation of landscape units treated as estimation
fields in the modelling of a landscape system
Authors: Richling Andrzej , Malinowska Ewa , Szumacher Iwona
Published: January 2014

The main objective of this paper is to represent the hierarchical structure of an environment by using two concepts: typology and regionalization. The Płock Region (1,766.95 sq. km) and transect crossing this area (796.2 sq. km) is the research location. It was divided into 710 individual landscape units (319 in the transect border). The existing physical-geographical regionalization, including macro-, meso- and micro-regions, was elaborated using a deductive (top-down) method, which was supplemented by a more detailed regionalization, obtained by an inductive (bottom-up) method called analysis of borders (Richling 1976). The study area was divided into more detailed sub-regions: first-level regions (87 units), second-level regions (36 units) and third-level regions (9 units). In fact, the landscape structure of third-level regions is similar to micro-regions. This is proof of the complementary nature of the two approaches – deductive and inductive regionalization, and the hierarchical landscape structure.
Main aspects of system
hierarchy in ecological landscape research
Authors: Richling Andrzej , Lechnio Jerzy
Published: January 2014

At present, geoecology-related discussions are focused on the ability to provide systematic and universal landscape description in a variety of space and time scales, as well as in different functional systems. This requires the development of landscape schemes in the form of hierarchical structural and functional systems. This paper has therefore focused on concepts of crucial importance for landscape system description, such as scale, spatial range and structure and landscape functioning. The definition of these concepts and their characteristics are crucial for the ability to describe a landscape system, in terms of its structural and functional composition and valuation, as well as assessment of landscape and ecosystem functions and services. Therefore, the analysis allows a demonstration of approaches discussed in the subject literature and the authors’ opinions.
Cooperative Control for Multiple Autonomous Vehicles Using Descriptor Functions
Authors: Niccolini Marta , Pollini Lorenzo , Innocenti Mario
Published: January 2014

The paper presents a novel methodology for the control management of a swarm of autonomous vehicles. The vehicles, or agents, may have different skills, and be employed for different missions. The methodology is based on the definition of descriptor functions that model the capabilities of the single agent and each task or mission. The swarm motion is controlled by minimizing a suitable norm of the error between agents’ descriptor functions and other descriptor functions which models the entire mission. The validity of the proposed technique is tested via numerical simulation, using different task assignment scenarios.
Peripheral Contour Grouping and Saccade Targeting: The Role of Mirror Symmetry
Authors: Sassi Michaël , Demeyer Maarten , Wagemans Johan
Published: January 2014

Integrating shape contours in the visual periphery is vital to our ability to locate objects and thus make targeted saccadic eye movements to efficiently explore our surroundings. We tested whether global shape symmetry facilitates peripheral contour integration and saccade targeting in three experiments, in which observers responded to a successful peripheral contour detection by making a saccade towards the target shape. The target contours were horizontally (Experiment 1) or vertically (Experiments 2 and 3) mirror symmetric. Observers responded by making a horizontal (Experiments 1 and 2) or vertical (Experiment 3) eye movement. Based on an analysis of the saccadic latency and accuracy, we conclude that the figure-ground cue of global mirror symmetry in the periphery has little effect on contour integration or on the speed and precision with which saccades are targeted towards objects. The role of mirror symmetry may be more apparent under natural viewing conditions with multiple objects competing for attention, where symmetric regions in the visual field can pre-attentively signal the presence of objects, and thus attract eye movements.
Risk evaluation and mitigation strategy assessments: Social science methodologies to assess goals related to knowledge
Authors: Andrews Elizabeth , Davis Kimberly , DiBenedetti Dana , Forsyth Barbara , Gilsenan Alicia , Hollis Kelly , Lewis Sandy , Price Mark , Tennis Patricia , Zografos Laurie
Published: January 2014

On May 3, 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration announced a public workshop to receive input on “survey methodologies and instruments that can be used to evaluate patients’ and health care providers’ knowledge about the risks of drugs marketed with an approved REMS [risk evaluation and mitigation strategy].” The FDA intended to use this input to help develop guidance to industry regarding best practices for such research. In the announcement to the meeting, entitled “Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Assessments: Social Science Methodologies to Assess Goals Related to Knowledge: Public Workshop,” the FDA provided an issue paper summarizing experience with prior REMS assessment surveys and posing a series of questions for which input was requested from the workshop panel and public.
RTI Health Solutions (RTI-HS) participated in the workshop by serving on the invited panel (Alicia Gilsenan and Karol Krotki), presenting to the panel (Kelly Hollis, Sandy Lewis, and Laurie Zografos), and submitting written responses to the FDA to the questions posed in the issues paper accompanying the meeting announcement.
This paper provides a brief background and presents the written responses that RTI-HS submitted to the FDA, with modest revisions to add context and clarity to the response for a wider readership. We also briefly discuss upcoming US and European steps in this field.
Responsabilidad social corporativa e internacionalización bancaria: el caso de la banca española en Argentina, Brasil y Chile
Authors: Muñoz Torres María Jesús , Fernández Izquierdo María Ángeles , Escrig Olmedo Elena
Published: January 2014

The objective of this work is to show the Spanish bank’s position in terms of Corporate Social Responsibility in Latin America. This research was based on a case study about the two large banks –Santander and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria– in three Latin American Countries –Argentina, Brazil and Chile– through public data such as social or sustainability reports and media sources. Our findings confirm there is some evidence to suggest that management standards have been translated from their headquarters to their subsidiaries in Latin America, however it would be necessary this standards to be adapted to the geographical context.
Renal Cell Carcinoma with venous neoplastic thrombosis: A ten years review
Authors: Pirola Giacomo Maria , Saredi Giovanni , Damiano Giuseppe , Marconi Alberto Mario
Published: January 2014

Purpose: To review the 10-year experience of our urological unit in the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with neoplastic tumor thrombosis focusing on postoperative survival. Materials and Methods: We underwent a retrospective analysis of the patients treated for this pathology during the last decade 2002-2012, stratifying them by tumor thrombus level and histological subtype. Kaplan-Meyer curves were used to assess survival. Results: Overall, 67 patients underwent surgery for RCC with neoplastic tumoral thrombosis in the period under review. 60 were clear cell RCC, 4 were urothelial papillary tumors of the renal pelvis and 3 were rare histotypes, as a nefroblastoma, a spinocellular tumor of the renal pelvis and an unclassifiable renal carcinoma. Thrombus level was I in 40 cases, II in 17, III in 2 and IV in 8 patients. We report the main postoperative complications and our survival data, with mean follow up of 36 months. Tumor stage is the most important variable in predicting survival. Patients with N0M0 disease had 70% survival at 36 months, instead of 20% for those with primitive metastatic tumor. Conclusion: Our survival results fit with the main reports in literature and our surgical management was completely in keeping with international guidelines. We did not observe relevany post-operative complications, except of hemorrhagic ones that occurred in 6 patients (9% of total) and were always successfully managed. Eighteen patients (26.87% of total) underwent caval filter positioning, without evidence of complications during its positioning or removal. Life expectancy was particularly low for the cases of RCC without clear cell histotype (7 cases in our series, 10.4% of total) that always was less than one year from surgery.
Role of phytotherapy associated with antibiotic prophylaxis in female patients with recurrent urinary tract infections
Authors: Frumenzio Emanuela , Maglia Daniele , Salvini Eleonora , Giovannozzi Silvia , Di Biase Manuel , Bini Vittorio , Costantini Elisabetta
Published: January 2014

Objective: Aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a phytotherapic which includes Solidago, Orthosiphon and Birch extract (Cistimev®) in association with antibiotic prophylaxis in female patients affected by recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIr). Materials and methods: Patients affected by UTIr older than 18 years started a 3-months antibiotic prophylaxis (Prulifloxacin 600 mg, 1 cps/week or Phosphomicyn 1 cachet/week) according to antibiogram after urine culture. The patients were divided in 2 groups: Group A: antibiotic prophylaxis plus phytotherapy (1 cps/die for 3 months) and Group B: antibiotic prophylaxis alone. Results: 164 consecutive patients were studied: 107 were included in group A (mean age 59 ± 17.3 years) and 57 (mean age 61 ± 15.7) in group B. During the treatment period the relapse frequencies between the two groups were not significantly different (p = 0.854): 12/107 (11.21%) patients interrupted the treatment for UTIr in group A and 6/57 (10.52%) in group B. In the long term follow-up the relapse UTI risk was significant different in the two groups with a relapse risk 2.5 greater in group B than in group A (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that in female patients affected by recurrent UTI, the association between antibiotic prophylaxis and of a phytotherapic which includes Solidago, Orthosiphon and Birch extract reduced the number of UTI in the 12 months following the end of prophylaxis and obtained a longer relapsing time, greatly improving the quality of life of the patients.
Simultaneous management of renal carcinoma with caval vein thrombosis and double coronary artery disease
Authors: Grasso Marco , Blanco Salvatore , Formica Francesco , Paolini Giovanni , Grasso Angelica Anna Chiara
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Recent advances in surgical and anesthesiology techniques allow simultaneous thoracic and abdominal operations to be performed for severe heart disease and benignant or malignant abdominal diseases. Case report: The simultaneous surgical management in a 75-year-old patient suffering from severe double coronary artery disease and a renal cell carcinoma with extended intravascular growth into the inferior vena cava is reported. Conclusion: The postoperative course was uneventful. Simultaneous surgery proved to be beneficial and safe, showing optimal results in our patient.
Acleris sagarmanthae sp. n. a new species of Lepidoptera Tortricidae from Nepal
Authors: Trematerra P.
Published: January 2014

A new species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Acleris sagarmathae sp. n., from Nepal is described. The new species was collected in Lobuche, a locality of Sagarmatha National Park. A. sagarmathae is closest to A. formosae Razowski, 1964, but differs from the other species of the genus Acleris in forewing markings and structures of the male genitalia. Adults and genitalia of Lambertiodes harmonia (Meyrick) and Archips termias termias (Meyrick) are also illustrated.
First record of Gonatocerus litoralis (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from Anoplotettix putoni Ribaut (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Viggiani G.
Published: January 2014

The mymarid Gonatocerus litoralis (Haliday) is recorded for the first time as an egg parasitoid of the leafhopper Anoplotettix putoni Ribaut. A study of the main morphological characters shows unusual variation in distribution of the multiporous plate sensilla on the antenna and relative length of the ovipositor. The parasitoid overwinters as an immature within the host egg and the adult emerges from late April to early July, which coincides with oviposition by the leafhopper into grapevine bark.
The effects of tricyclazole treatment on aquatic macroinvertebrates in the field and in laboratory
Authors: Rossaro B. , Cortesi P.
Published: January 2014

The effects of tricyclazole treatments on benthic macroinvertebrates in the field and in laboratory were studied. In field conditions, low density of benthic populations was observed, both in treated and untreated plots, which was attributed to the short period of submersion of the rice field and high water temperature, fungicide treatments had no significant effect. Both laboratory acute toxicity test and a test using a mesocosm suggested a low toxicity of tricyclazole on invertebrates. A reduction of the macroinvertebrate density was observed only when tricyclazole concentration was applied at concentrations 100 times the ones tested in the field, acute toxicity test gave an LC50 after 48 h of 26 mg*L–1, in agreement with data obtained for other species.
Prevalence of ectoparasites of the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) in the town of Dschang, West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Kenko Nkontcheu D.B. , Ngameni Tchamadeu N.
Published: January 2014

To estimate the prevalence of ectoparasites of the barn swallow (H. rustica) in Dschang and to see if this bird can be a risk to public health, an investigation was carried out in three sites. An analysis of 51 swallows showed that 35.29% of these birds carry at least one species of ectoparasite. Four species were identified, with the following prevalence: 31.37% (Eomenacanthus stramineus), 5.88% (Goniocotes gallinae), 3.92% (Menacanthus cornutus) and 3.92% (Menopon gallinae). The only significant difference in prevalence between sites was observed with E. stramineus and G. gallinae. Sex did not influence the prevalence of ectoparasites. Swallows of low weight were the most infested. The diversity of nest building material is an indicator of the exploration of several types of media for nest building. Diversity and equitability indexes were 1.05 and 0.53, respectively. A survey carried out using questionnaires showed that swallows are consumed by 30% of the respondents and are used in traditional medicines. These interactions can pose risks to the human population, although we did not find any zoonotic species.
CCN activity of aliphatic amine secondary aerosol
Authors: Tang X. , Price D. , Praske E. , Vu D. , Purvis-Roberts K. , Silva P. J. , Cocker III D. R. , Asa-Awuku A.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Aliphatic amines can form secondary aerosol via oxidation with atmospheric radicals (e.g. hydroxyl radical and nitrate radical). The particle composition can contain both secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and inorganic salts. The fraction of organic to inorganic materials in the particulate phase influences aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity. SOA formed from trimethylamine (TMA) and butylamine (BA) reactions with hydroxyl radical (OH) is composed of organic material of low hygroscopicity (single hygroscopicity parameter, κ ≤ 0.25). Secondary aerosol formed from the tertiary aliphatic amine (TMA) with N2O5 (source of nitrate radical, NO3), contains less volatile compounds than the primary aliphatic amine (BA) aerosol. TMA + N2O5 form semi-volatile organics in low RH conditions that have κ ~ 0.20, indicative of slightly soluble organic material. As RH increases, several inorganic amine salts are formed as a result of acid-base reactions. The CCN activity of the humid TMA-N2O5 aerosol obeys Zdanovskii, Stokes, and Robinson (ZSR) ideal mixing rules. Higher CCN activity (κ > 0.3) was also observed for humid BA+N2O5 aerosols compared with dry aerosol (κ ~ 0.2), as a result of the formation of inorganic salts such as NH4NO3 and butylamine nitrate (C4H11N · HNO3). Compared with TMA, BA+N2O5 reactions produce more volatile aerosols. The BA+N2O5 aerosol products under humid experiments were found to be very sensitive to the temperature within the stream-wise continuous flow thermal gradient CCN counter. The CCN counter, when set above a 21 °C temperature difference, evaporates BA+N2O5 aerosol formed at RH ≥ 30%; κ ranges from 0.4 to 0.7 and is dependent on the instrument supersaturation (ss) settings. The aerosol behaves non-ideally, hence simple ZSR rules cannot be applied to the CCN results from the primary aliphatic amine system. Overall, aliphatic amine aerosol systems κ ranges from 0.2 < κ < 0.7. This work indicates that aerosols formed via nighttime reactions with amines are likely to produce hygroscopic and volatile aerosol whereas photochemical reactions with OH produce secondary organic aerosol of lower CCN activity. Thermal gradient CCN counters measurement will impact the observed CCN activity of volatile aerosol formed via a nitric acid pathway. The contributions of semi-volatile secondary organic and inorganic material from aliphatic amines must be considered for accurate hygroscopicity and CCN predictions from aliphatic amine systems.
Devices for accurate placement of epidural Tuohy needle for Anaesthesia administration
Authors: Vaughan N. , Dubey V. N. , Wee M. Y. K. , Isaacs R.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. The aim of this project is to design two sterile devices for epidural needle insertion which can measure in real time (i) the depth of needle tip during insertion and (ii) interspinous pressure changes through a pressure measurement device as the epidural needle is advanced through the tissue layers. The length measurement device uses a small wireless camera with video processing computer algorithms which can detect and measure the moving needle. The pressure measurement device uses entirely sterile componenets including a pressure transducer to accurately measure syringe saline in mm Hg. The data from these two devices accurately describe a needle insertion allowing comparison or review of insertions. The data was then cross-referenced to pre-measured data from MRI or ultrasound scan to identify how ligemant thickness correlates to our measured depth and pressure data. The developed devices have been tested on a porcine specimen during insertions performed by experienced anaesthetists. We have obtained epidural pressures for each ligament and demonstrated functionality of our devices to measure pressure and depth of epidural needle during insertion. This has not previously been possible to monitor in real-time. The benefits of these devices are (i) to provide an alternative method to identify correct needle placement during the procedure on real patients. (ii) The data describing the speed, depth and pressure during insertion can be used to configure an epidural simulator, simulating the needle insertion procedure. (iii) Our pressure and depth data can be compared to pre-measured MRI and ultrasound to identify previously unknown links between epidural pressure and depth with BMI, obesity and body shapes.
Improvement of wireless transmission system performance for EEG signals based on development of scalar quantization
Authors: Nezhad Mohsen Habib , Subari Khazaimatol S. , Yahyavi Mehran
Published: January 2014

Advancement of wireless technology leads to some developments in current wireless electroencephalography. Through improving the transmission method of brainwaves, it would be possible to bring more convenience for the patients in need and give this opportunity to others for discovering other aspects of the amazing brainwave. What has been proposed in this study is a new type of adjustable backward quantization method which exploits the nature of the brainwave signal. This method is based on the nature of the captured brainwave and its quantization boundary changes based on the amplitude of each EEG captured signal. The proposed quantization scheme has been analyzed with uniform and Gaussian distribution of quantization level. Consequently, the Backward Gaussian Quantization with Adjustable Boundary and two Word Memories beside the Backward Uniform Quantization with Adjustable Boundary and two Word Memories are introduced by this experiment. In addition, the performance of wireless transmission system and the proposed quantizer’s efficiency for very low frequency (up to 100 Hz) and amplitude EEG signal have been noticed. With doing so, we simulated the transmitter and receiver by MATLAB® software. To model the medium, channel was assumed as Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Meanwhile analysis is done for the whole wireless system performance in terms of transmission range, compared with current available wireless transmission systems on the market. It should be noticed that the transmission range of the proposed wireless transmission system is compared to the transmission range of current wireless EEG systems when there is no obstacle between transmitter and receiver. Furthermore, some relevant parameters to evaluate the quality of the proposed quantization method were examined. To sum up, the proposed quantization schemes show considerable performance in terms of Quantization Rate for constant MSQE and SQNR in comparison with Uniform Quantization method and the achieved transmission range of our wireless system by using this method is higher than available wireless EEG systems on market.
Thorax mapping for localized lung impedance change using focused impedance measurement (FIM): A pilot study
Authors: Ferdous Humayra , Baig Tanvir Noor , Rabbani K. Siddique-e
Published: January 2014

Focused impedance measurement (FIM) is a technique where impedance can be measured with the optimum level of localization without much increase in complexity of measuring instrument. The electrodes are applied on the skin surface while the organs inside also contribute to the measurement, as the body is a volume conductor. In a healthy and disease free lung region, the air enters at breathe-in, increases the impedance of the lung, and impedance reduces during breathe-out. In contrast, for a diseased lung, where part of the lungs is filled with water or some fluid, air will not enter into this zone reducing impedance change between inspiration and expiration. With this idea, the current work had been executed to have general view of localized impedance change throughout thorax using 6-electrode FIM. This generated a matrix mapping from both the front and from the back of the thorax, which showed how impedance change due to ventilation varies from frontal plane to back plane of human bodies.
Influência do clima e de rotas migratórias de espécies arbóreas sobre o padrão fitogeográfico de florestas na região sul do Brasil
Authors: Higuchi Pedro , Silva Ana Carolina da , Budke Jean Carlos , Mantovani Adelar , Bortoluzzi Roseli Lopes da Costa , Ziger Adriano Antonio
Published: January 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509812338O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência de variáveis bioclimáticas e de rotas migratórias de espécies arbóreas sobre o padrão fitogeográfico de diferentes fitofisionomias florestais da Região Sul do Brasil. Foram extraídas da literatura listas florísticas de espécies arbóreas inventariadas em Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM), Floresta Ombrófila Densa (FOD), Floresta Estacional Decidual (FED) e Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FESD). Para cada área foram obtidas as coordenadas geográficas, a altitude média e as variáveis bioclimáticas associadas à temperatura e à precipitação pluviométrica. A matriz vegetacional passou por uma análise de correspondência retificada (DCA) e, posteriormente, a matriz ambiental foi ajustada à ordenação, sendo as variáveis ambientais (p ≤ 0,001) inseridas na forma de vetores. A análise da relação florística entre as áreas em função da heterogeneidade bioclimática existente foi realizada por meio de uma Árvore de Regressão Multivariada (ARM). Os autovalores para os eixos 1 e 2 da DCA foram de 0,49 e 0,25, respectivamente, indicando elevada substituição de espécies ao longo do eixo 1, fortemente associada à temperatura média do trimestre mais úmido, à temperatura mínima no mês mais frio, à altitude e à temperatura média anual. Conclui-se que (i) existe maior similaridade florística entre FOM e Florestas Estacionais e (ii) o componente arbóreo das florestas do Sul do Brasil apresenta variações florísticas e fisionômicas associadas à heterogeneidade bioclimática existente e às rotas migratórias.
A amplitude amostral interfere nas medidas de germinação de Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth?
Authors: Ribeiro-Oliveira João Paulo , Ranal Marli A. , Santana Denise Garcia de
Published: January 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509812346É comum encontrar na literatura trabalhos sobre germinação de sementes nativas de uma mesma espécie com tamanhos de amostra diferenciados. No entanto, não se sabe quais são as consequências disso para os resultados obtidos. Assim, objetivou-se estudar o comportamento das medidas de germinação frente à variação do número de sementes que compõe a amostra para Bowdichia virgilioides. O experimento foi conduzido em câmara de germinação, sob luz branca fluorescente contínua, a 26,2 ± 2,5 ºC. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (três tamanhos de amostra x três lotes), com número de repetições fixo e igual a quatro. A semeadura foi realizada em caixas tipo gerbox, contendo 25, 50 ou 100 sementes, perfazendo 100, 200 ou 400 sementes por amostra. A germinabilidade, tempo inicial, médio e final, velocidade média e VE (IVG), coeficiente de variação do tempo, incerteza e sincronia da germinação foram avaliados, sendo consideradas germinadas as sementes com protrusão de embrião. Gráficos de frequência relativa também foram construídos. Dentre estas medidas, as mais frágeis ao incremento do tamanho da amostra foram o VE e a incerteza. O VE, além de ser influenciado pelo tamanho da amostra, também foi influenciado pelo contrabalancear entre germinabilidade e velocidade média, demonstrando ser uma medida imprópria para mensurar velocidade de germinação quando a capacidade germinativa dos lotes for diferente. As medidas de tempo, uniformidade, sincronia, velocidade média e a germinabilidade não tiveram seus resultados afetados pelos diferentes tamanhos da amostra. A germinabilidade, entretanto, mostrou-se a medida mais estável do processo germinativo, não sendo influenciada pelo tamanho da amostra, mesmo quando analisada por meio de lotes com qualidades muito discrepantes.
Biometria e emergência de Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Smith em função da coloração do fruto
Authors: Silva Giovana Lopes da , Medeiros Filho Sebastião , Zandavalli Roberta Boscaini , Pereira Diego de Sousa , Sousa Geocleber Gomes de
Published: January 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509812347Avaliou-se a biometria dos frutos, sementes e a emergência de plântulas de Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C Smith oriundas de frutos com estádios diferentes de coloração e secagem. Coletaram-se frutos de coloração vermelha, escura e fechados e sementes colhidas no chão após a deiscência dos frutos. Em cada estádio de maturação mediu-se o comprimento, a largura e a espessura de frutos e sementes. Em seguida procedeu-se a análise descritiva dos dados. Para o teste de emergência semearam-se quatro repetições de 25 sementes distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial [(2 x 2 + 1)], sendo duas colorações de fruto (vermelho e escuro) e duas condições de secagem (sem e com) e uma testemunha adicional (sementes coletadas no chão após a deiscência). A avaliação foi feita através da determinação de: porcentagem, índice de velocidade e tempo médio de emergência, além da medição da altura e matéria seca da parte aérea da plântula. Diante dos resultados constatou-se que frutos vermelhos e escuros e suas respectivas sementes de Amburana cearensis apresentam diferenças nas características biométricas e que o processo de secagem favorece a porcentagem de emergência, mas não teve efeito positivo na altura e na matéria seca da parte aérea.
Métodos de estratificação vertical em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual
Authors: Curto Rafaella de Angeli , Silva Gilson Fernandes da , Pezzopane José Eduardo Macedo , Chichorro José Franklim , Môra Rômulo
Published: January 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509812348O presente estudo foi realizado em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual de 52 ha, conhecido como Floresta do Rosal, no município de Guaçuí-ES e teve como objetivo testar metodologias de estratificação vertical, avaliando a adequação dessas metodologias baseada na classificação sucessional ecológica das espécies. Para tanto, empregou-se o método de amostragem de área fixa, sendo distribuídas 16 parcelas de 600 m2, de forma sistemática no campo. Todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 5 cm tiveram suas alturas totais medidas de forma direta. As árvores passaram por processo de identificação botânica e classificação quanto ao grupo ecológico. A análise da estrutura vertical de espécies arbóreas foi feita pela distribuição do número de árvores nos estratos, utilizando-se quatro métodos: Método 1 - Souza (1990), Método 2 - Souza et al. (2003), Método 3 - IUFRO, e Método 4 - Calegário et al. (1994). Os resultados das classificações obtidas foram comparados à classificação sucessional das espécies, de acordo com os grupos ecológicos a que pertencem. O Método 1 não permitiu análise detalhada sobre o comportamento das espécies no estrato II por apresentar tendências fortes em concentrar um maior número de indivíduos no referido estrato, já o Método 2 permitiu um maior detalhamento. O Método 3 minimizou o problema encontrado no Método 1, porém, a mudança da altura dominante da amostragem pode mudar toda a discussão, demonstrando fragilidade do método. O Método 4 não trouxe bons resultados para a estratificação da floresta em estudo, pois a dividiu em apenas dois estratos de altura total.
Estrutura populacional e potencial de regeneração de Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Acuri)
Authors: Negrelle Raquel Rejane Bonato
Published: January 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509812356Visando subsidiar o estabelecimento de planos de manejo sustentáveis para Attalea phalerata, apresenta-se resultado da avaliação da estrutura de uma população desta espécie e seu respectivo potencial de regeneração natural. Com base nos dados obtidos, avaliou-se a capacidade potencial de produção de frutos e óleo relacionada à área estudada. A pesquisa foi realizada em área (1 ha) representativa de Mata com Acuri Denso, localizada na RPPN SESC PANTANAL (Mun. Barão de Melgaço, MT, Brasil). Registrou-se 1164 indivíduos, sendo 462 representantes do estádio adulto reprodutivo e 209 representantes do estádio adulto imaturo. Em área amostral parcial (0,1 hectare) foram registrados 123 indivíduos incluídos no estádio jovem e 370 no estádio plântula. A população apresentou estrutura etária do tipo J-invertido, comum a populações estáveis que apresentam potencial de regeneração constante. A produtividade potencial imediata mínima detectada foi de aproximadamente 323 a 970 Kg ha-1 de óleo do mesocarpo e 370 a 601 Kg ha-1 de óleo de amêndoa. A produtividade imediata máxima seria de ca. 970 a 2910 Kg ha-1 de óleo de mesocarpo e 1109 a 1802 Kg ha-1 do óleo de amêndoa.
Análise de sobrevivência e crescimento de Cordia trichotoma, Boraginaceae, Lamiales, no sul de Mato Grosso Do Sul - Brasil
Authors: Salvadori Sergio Luiz , Duarte Claudia Universal Batista Deinzer , Silva Ana Francisca Gomes da , Klein Wagner Lopes
Published: January 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509812357A avaliação da sobrevivência e do crescimento de um vegetal pode refletir sua habilidade competitiva na comunidade vegetal. Cordia trichotoma é uma árvore nativa comum no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, e uma das mais promissoras para plantio. O presente trabalho monitorou o percentual de sobrevivência e crescimento de Cordia trichotoma em condições diferentes no quesito capina e quanto ao recebimento ou não de adubação. O trabalho teve início em setembro de 2008 e término em março de 2010. A coleta e semeadura foram realizadas em área urbana do município de Mundo Novo e a área para plantio definitivo, para mensuração da sobrevivência e crescimento das mudas, no município de Japorã, fazenda Santa Clara. As mudas foram plantadas e divididas em duas categorias de acordo com o uso de adubo, podendo ter ou não coroamento resultando em quatro grupos distintos: bloco adubo terra nua (ATN), bloco sem adubo terra nua (BTN), bloco adubo e coroado (AC) e bloco sem adubo e coroado (BC). Os resultados indicaram alta sobrevivência de Cordia trichotoma no sistema de transplante de canteiro para sacos de mudas. O bloco BC apresentou maior percentual de sobrevivência, porém, menor incremento em altura. Já os blocos AC, ATN e BTN revelaram o mesmo padrão de sobrevivência, além de média de crescimento semelhante. Entretanto, podem existir diferenças nutricionais e químicas na composição do solo sugerindo análises setoriais em estudos futuros.
Composição química da madeira de eucalipto com diferentes níveis de desbaste
Authors: Zanuncio Antônio José Vinha , Colodette Jorge Luiz , Gomes Fernando Jose Borges , Carneiro Angélica de Cassia Oliveira , Vital Benedito Rocha
Published: January 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509812359O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar diferentes regimes de desbaste em plantios silviculturais de clones de eucalipto (Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis) para produção de madeira visando à obtenção de celulose e carvão com a finalidade de verificar se este efeito poderia afetar quantitativamente a proporção dos componentes químicos da madeira. O espaçamento inicial médio entre plantas foi de 3 x 3 m e os tratamentos foram: T1= testemunha, T2, T3 e T4 com desbaste de 20%, 35% e 50% da área basal presente, respectivamente. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey com 5% de probabilidade. De acordo com os resultados, constatou-se que o teor de lignina resultante do tratamento T4 foi maior que o dos demais; o de grupos urônicos do T1 foi semelhante ao dos demais tratamentos, mas os teores dos T2 e T4 diferiram entre si. O teor de extrativos do T1 foi semelhante ao dos T2 e T3 e menor que o do T4; o de carboidratos do T1 foi semelhante ao do T3 e superior aos demais. Concluiu-se que o desbaste aumenta a qualidade da madeira para ser utilizada como fins energéticos, como produção de carvão, mas não aumenta a produtividade de madeira destinada à confecção de celulose e papel.
Editorial
Authors: Marzal Felici Javier , Casero Ripollés Andreu
Published: January 2014

Editorial del número 6.
Democracia acelerada y periodismo bajo sospecha
Authors: Álvaro Francesc-Marc
Published: January 2014

Artículo para la sección Tribuna del número 6 de adComunica.
El doble reto de las dos crisis de la prensa
Authors: Valencia Larrañeta José Luis
Published: January 2014

Artículo para la sección Tribuna del número 6 de adComunica.
Calidad periodística
Authors: Bernardo Paniagua José María
Published: January 2014

Reseña para la seción TribunaGÓMEZ MOMPART, Josep Lluís; GUTIÉRREZ LOZANO, Juan Francisco y PALAU SAMPIO, Dolors (eds.) (2013).La calidad periodística. Teorías, investigaciones y sugerencias profesionales.València: PUV. Colección Aldea global.
Las ciberguerras, un tema en ascenso en el periodismo internacional
Authors: Sanmartí José María
Published: January 2014

El objetivo de este artículo es señalar las principales dificultades con se encuentran los periodistas de información internacional al tratar el tema de las ciberguerras o los ciberataques, dificultades que obviamente se trasladan a las audiencias. Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación han desarrollado, en efecto, su propia capacidad destructiva en forma de ciberataques. Estos pueden ser aplicados a otros conflictos existentes o establecer sus propias estrategias por actores brumosos que incluyen desde superpotencias hasta hackers aficionados. Tal como admiten abiertamente personalidades e instituciones mundiales, su potencialidad para causar grandes daños, su escaso coste, su  anonimato habitual, su implicación con el espionaje estatal y empresarial, etc., han convertido los ciberataques en una amenaza, que, sin ser sangrienta hasta ahora, es parecida a la nuclear, solo que mucho más confusa. Por esta razón, algunos expertos y medios hablan de una nueva Ciberguerra Fría. La sección de Internacional de todos los medios refleja este temor difuso aunque real y de consecuencias imprevisibles. Los periodistas se enfrentan a un tipo de información fácilmente espinoso, de alcance ignorado, con agentes con frecuencia desconocidos, fuentes sospechosas, campañas de intoxicación, tecnologías sofisticadas, etc. y que sin embargo puede ser muy trascendente. Es fácil constatar, por ejemplo, que la ciberguerra incide abiertamente en las relaciones entre países, incluso entre países aliados. Por esto, una de las consecuencias más corrientes es el alarmismo, que a su vez acrecienta las dificultades objetivas propias del tema.
MAGNITUDE AND ECONOMICS OF FERTILIZER NITROGEN RESPONSE OF WHEAT IN RELATION TO AMOUNT AND TIMING OF WATER INPUTS
Authors: Sandhu K. S. , Arora V. K. , Chand Ramesh
Published: July 2002

Long-term data (20 years) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain yield under various fertilizer-nitrogen (N) and water conditions in rainfed and irrigated environments of sub-tropical north India were used to assess the magnitude and economics of N response in relation to amount and timing of irrigation. Treatments comprised combinations of fertilizer N rates (ranging from 0 to 150 kg ha−1) and irrigation regimes (rainfed, supplemental, limited, and adequately irrigated). Regression analysis of wheat yield against available water supply and fertilizer N showed a strong interaction between the two variables for grain yield and input use efficiency. The effect, on grain yield and returns, of increasing the N rate for a given water supply was influenced by the irrigation regimes. Economic optimization of water and N, based on constrained profit maximization technique, showed that optimum amounts of available water (or irrigation) and fertilizer N are related directly to the capital investment. Increased input prices lowered their optimum levels for a given investment. The analysis suggests an approach for resource allocation that relates to capital investment and input prices.
DECENTRALIZED ON-FARM SEED POTATO PRODUCTION FROM PRE-BASIC MINITUBERS: A CASE STUDY FROM NEPAL
Authors: SCHULZ S. , WELLS G. J. , BANIYA B. K. , BARAKOTI T. P. , KHAREL G. , SAHA B. , THAPA B. V. , OJHA D. N.
Published: July 2002

The on-farm performance of more than 150 000 pre-basic potato (Solanum tuberosum) minitubers of 1–10 g was monitored over two years in contrasting environments in Nepal. Average minituber productivity (grams of basic seed produced per minituber planted) was 171 g in the southern plains and 116 g in the hills. Although the performance of minitubers varied between environments, minituber sizes and potato varieties, the overall results clearly indicated that minitubers can be successfully multiplied by small-scale farmers. This technology therefore allows for the highly decentralized production of basic seed which, in turn, will reduce farmers' dependence on an unreliable and costly supply of bulky conventional seed.
Approximating graphs with polynomial
growth
Authors: Seifter Norbert , Woess Wolfgang
Published: July 2002

Let X be an infinite,
locally finite, almost transitive graph with polynomial growth. We show that such
a graph X is the inverse limit of an infinite sequence of
finite graphs satisfying growth conditions which are closely related to growth
properties of the infinite graph
X.

1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 05C25, Secondary 20F8.
The symmetric genus of 2-groups
Authors: ZIMMERMAN JAY
Published: July 2002

A finite group G can be represented as a group of automorphisms of a compact Riemann surface, that is, G acts on a Riemann surface. The symmetric genus σ(G) is the minimum genus of any Riemann surface on which G acts (possibly reversing orientation).
MYTH-MAKING: POLITICS, PROPAGANDA AND THE CAPTURE OF CADIZ IN 1596
Authors: HAMMER PAUL E. J.
Published: July 2002

The capture of Cadiz in 1596 was a spectacular but short-lived

success in England's

war against Spain. More enduring were the many partisan accounts of the

victory, which were

prepared and disseminated by various officers from the expedition. This

article traces these rival

narratives and explores their circulation in manuscript form, including

the earl of Essex's notorious

‘True relacion’. Such documents illustrate the increasingly

bitter divisions of late Elizabethan

politics. The stories of Cadiz gained a fresh currency when England and

Spain went to war again in

the 1620s, placing a heavy burden of expectation on the government of Charles
I.
POWER, POOR RELIEF, AND SOCIAL RELATIONS IN HOLLAND FEN,
c. 1600–1800
Authors: HINDLE STEVE
Published: July 2002

In a recent contribution to the debate over the operational
significance of the Old Poor
Law, Peter Solar has argued that ‘the local financing of poor relief

gave English property owners,
individually and collectively, a direct pecuniary interest in ensuring
that
the parish's demographic and
economic development was balanced’. His survey of the implications
of
the attempt to maintain this
equilibrium, however, fails to take account of the social and political

relationships between rate-payers,
rate-receivers, and parish officers. In seeking to integrate considerations

of power into the analysis of
the relief of the poor, by contrast, this paper locates social welfare

provision in the context of the
authority structures of several parishes in Holland Fen (Lincolnshire)
over the course of the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It emphasizes the role of the
parish vestry in regulating and
relieving the poor; demonstrates the extraordinary scale of poor relief
in
the local context; and argues
that even in the open parishes of the Lincolnshire fenland, hostility to

poor migrants could be marked,
resulting even in the prohibition of the marriages of the poor. The politics

of the poor rate implied the
exclusion of poor strangers in the interests of relieving the ancient settled
poor.
Women and Revolution: Global Expressions. Ed. by M.J. Diamond. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht [etc.] 1998. xxv, 434 pp. D.fl. 280.00; $150.00; £95.00.
Authors: Rowbotham Sheila
Published: July 2002

Women and Socialism, Socialism and Women. Europe Between the Two World Wars. Ed. by Helmut Gruber and Pamela Graves. Berghahn Books, New York [etc.] 1998. xvi, 591 pp. Ill. £42.00.