bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GaN Homoepitaxy for Device Applications
Authors: Kamp M. , Kirchner C. , Schwegler V. , Pelzmann A. , Ebeling K.J. , Leszczynski M. , Grzegory I. , Suski T. , Porowski S.
Published: January 2018

Epitaxial growth on GaN single bulk crystals sets new standards in GaN material quality. The outstanding properties provide new insights into fundamental material parameters (e.g. lattice constants, exciton binding energies, etc.) being not accessible by heteroepitaxial growth on sapphire or SiC. With MOVPE and MBE we realized unstrained GaN layers with dislocation densities about six orders of magnitude lower than in heteroepitaxy. Those layers revealed an exceptional optical quality as determined by a reduction of the photoluminescence linewidth from 5 to 0.1 meV and a reduced XRD rocking curve width from 400 to 20 arcsec.

Only recently, progress in surface preparation allowed morphologies of the layers suitable for device applications. We report on InGaN/GaN MQW structures as well as the first GaN pn- and InGaN/GaN double heterostructure LEDs on GaN single bulk crystals. Those LEDs are twice as bright as their counterparts grown on sapphire. In addition they reveal an improved high power characteristics, which is attributed to an enhanced crystal quality and an increased p-doping. Time resolved electroluminescence measurements proof that band/band recombination is the dominant emission mechanism for the InGaN/GaN LEDs.
Ideologias partidárias em 140 caracteres: uso do Twitter pelos parlamentares brasileiros
Authors: Amaral Marcelo Santos , Pinho José Antonio Gomes de
Published: January 2018

Resumo Com o crescente uso da internet, diferentes apropriações estão sendo feitas por diferentes grupos sociais e econômicos. Assim, também políticos têm adotado essas novas mídias por diferentes motivações e em diversas formas. O objetivo deste trabalho é, a partir de uma classificação ideológica dos partidos políticos representados no Congresso brasileiro, avaliar se essa é uma variável que distingue a adoção e o uso do Twitter por parte dos parlamentares federais. Foram analisados os 512 perfis dos congressistas que em dezembro de 2013 utilizavam o Twitter para a postagem de conteúdo e para conexão com cidadãos e colegas de Congresso. Foi utilizada a plataforma de programação do Twitter para a coleta dos dados sobre o uso dos perfis e sobre as conexões entre eles e também com outros perfis da rede social. Esses dados foram relacionados com a classificação ideológica dos partidos dos parlamentares. Os resultados demonstram que é possível distinguir no Twitter os grupos das diferentes ideologias representadas no Congresso, porque adotaram seu uso em períodos distintos, têm diferentes taxas de popularidade, seguem colegas parlamentares com variados padrões de interesse e têm diferentes indicadores de atividade nesse meio digital.
Who governs in (local) governance? Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence
Authors: Casula Mattia
Published: January 2018

Abstract This article aims to discuss the possible actors that can determine public policies, and the influence of new decisional arenas on politics. This theoretical work presents the evolution of different models of producing public policies, to the transformations taking place with the adoption of the governance model. Using empirical evidence from the Italian case, the study of new decisional arenas for the determination of public policies shows that there are still several problems to be addressed. Such problems are connected, above all, with the uncertain democratic nature of these arenas, as well as with the impossibility to clearly attribute political responsibility to the choices adopted in these spaces. These are issues and future research questions to be resolved, limiting the analysis to specific case studies, preferably related to the local sphere.
Diferenças nas percepções dos valores organizacionais dos gestores públicos em Portugal
Authors: Correia Pedro Miguel Alves Ribeiro , Bilhim João Abreu de Faria
Published: January 2018

Resumo As pesquisas empíricas no âmbito da administração pública têm dedicado pouca atenção à problemática dos valores que orientam a gestão no setor público, embora muita pesquisa sobre os valores tenha sido desenvolvida quer na perspetiva filosófica, quer na perspetiva dos estudos das organizações e do trabalho. O presente artigo cinge-se aos valores públicos e reporta a análise estatística das perceções sobre valores organizacionais de gestores públicos portugueses. Contrariando a noção corrente acerca dos efeitos da reforma da administração pública, os resultados permitem verificar a existência de diferenças significativas nas perceções sobre valores organizacionais associados ao setor público face aos demais valores organizacionais, em particular, face aos valores organizacionais associados ao setor privado. Esses resultados acarretam como implicação a necessidade de rever o debate sobre a extensão em que o paradigma europeu continental é tido como subjugado ao paradigma da common law.
Comparação de métodos in vitro para a quantificação da digestibilidade da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro de forragens e concentrados
Authors: Silva T.E. , Detmann E. , Camacho L.F. , Saliba E.O.S. , Palma M.N.N. , Valadares Filho S.C.
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Objetivou-se comparar a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) e da fibra em detergente neutro (DIVFDN) de forragens e concentrados obtidos por intermédio das incubadoras DaisyII e TE-150, combinadas com filter bags tipo F57 (Ankon®) ou tecido não-tecido (TNT, 100g/m²), em relação aos valores obtidos utilizando-se o método de Tilley e Terry (1963). Foram utilizadas 25 amostras de alimentos concentrados e 25 de forragens. Não houve diferenças entre filter bags (P>0,39) para a DIVMS de forragens. Maiores valores de DIVMS (P<0,01) foram verificados para a incubadora TE-150 em relação à DaisyII. As estimativas de DIVMS obtidas com incubadoras e filter bags foram superiores (P<0,01) àquelas obtidas com o método Tilley e Terry (1963). Observaram-se maiores valores de DIVFDN de forragens (P<0,01) com filter bags F57 em relação ao TNT e com a incubadora TE-150 em relação à DaisyII. Todos os valores de DIVFDN obtidos com incubadoras e filter bags foram superiores (P<0,01) aos obtidos com o método Tilley e Terry (1963). Todos os métodos apresentaram-se positiva e fortemente correlacionados (P<0,01), tanto para DIVMS como para DIVFDN. As repetibilidades e variâncias entre amostras para DIVMS e DIVFDN foram similares entre os métodos. Portanto, conclui-se que, em se tratando de avaliações comparativas entre alimentos, todos os métodos avaliados possuem capacidade similar de discriminação.
Influência do posicionamento radiográfico no cálculo interobservador do ângulo do platô tibial em cães
Authors: Capelasso S.M. , Zanatta R. , Lemos R.S. , Santos M.D. , Silva F.M. , Freitas S.H. , Amude A.M. , Ferrigno C.R.A. , Dower N.M.B. , Yamauchi K.C.I.
Published: January 2018

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar que o posicionamento radiográfico inadequado do membro pélvico de cães (imagens obliquadas) afeta a mensuração do ângulo do platô tibial (APT), levando à maior variação entre observadores. Foram realizadas duas projeções radiográficas nos membros pélvicos direito e esquerdo, uma em perfil verdadeiro e a outra com o membro obliquado em 21 cães provenientes do atendimento clínico cirúrgico do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Cuiabá, em Cuiabá-MT. Os critérios de inclusão foram cães livres de histórico ou afecção ortopédica nos membros pélvicos, pesando entre 15 e 40 quilos, sem predileção por raça ou sexo, entre dois e sete anos de idade. Foram obtidas 42 imagens radiográficas em perfil verdadeiro e 42 imagens radiográficas obliquadas. Três observadores com experiência em cálculo do APT fizeram as mensurações. Nos cálculos das imagens em perfil verdadeiro, o observador 1 obteve uma média de 23,35º ± 2,82; o observador 2, média de 23,88º ± 4,83; e o observador 3, média de 24,54º ± 4,01, não sendo encontrada diferença significativa entre o cálculo dos três avaliadores, P=0,944 (P > 0,05), nas imagens em perfil verdadeiro. Nos cálculos das imagens obliquadas, o observador 1 obteve uma média de 21,69º ± 4,22; o observador 2, média de 19,42º ± 5,92; e o observador 3, média de 22,64º ± 5,23, e foi encontrada diferença significativa entre o cálculo dos três observadores, P=0,016 (P < 0,05). Com esses dados, pôde-se demonstrar que a imagem radiográfica obliquada compromete o valor final do cálculo do ângulo do platô tibial em cães, levando à variação numérica estatisticamente significativa entre observadores. Conclui-se, assim, que um posicionamento correto do membro pélvico, em perfil verdadeiro, deve ser sempre utilizado para a obtenção de imagens, com o objetivo de mensurar o valor do APT.
Dermatite alérgica à picada de Culicoides em muar: relato de caso
Authors: Silva T.I.B. , Melchior L.A.K. , Baptista Filho L.C.F. , Fernandes A.C.C. , Silva L.G. , Vasconcelos K.F. , Revorêdo R.G. , Silva D.D. , Melo L.E.H.
Published: January 2018

RESUMO A dermatite alérgica à picada de ectoparasitos é uma enfermidade alergoparasitária bastante comum entre animais domésticos, sendo relatada principalmente em pequenos ruminantes e em animais de companhia. Contudo, a doença é pouco diagnosticada na clínica de equídeos devido a similaridades nosológicas com outras dermatopatias. Objetivou-se, com este relato de caso, descrever a síndrome clínica, o plano diagnóstico e a conduta terapêutica de um muar acometido por essa enfermidade. Atendeu-se, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Pernambuco, uma mula de oito anos de idade, que apresentava lesões cutâneas pápulo-crostosas e pruriginosas com evolução clínica de dois anos. Em três situações anteriores, a doença havia sido tratada como dermatite fúngica por outros médicos veterinários. Para o diagnóstico, foram solicitados exame citopatológico e parasitológico de pele, cultivo bacteriológico e fúngico, análise histopatológica e hemograma. Os exames demonstraram uma dermatite superficial perivascular eosinofílica crônica, sendo indicada a terapia tópica com dimetilsufóxido, sulfadiazina, ureia e vitamina A. O protocolo terapêutico mostrou-se satisfatório, permitindo completa remissão do quadro clínico. Este trabalho relatou achados clínicos e patológicos da dermatite alérgica à picada de Culicoides spp. em muar, além de alertar sobre a importância de exames complementares para a realização do diagnóstico diferencial e para o direcionamento terapêutico adequado.
Quantification of Treg cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes of dogs with multicentric lymphoma
Authors: Anai L.A. , Munhoz T.D. , Semolin L.M.S. , Reis Filho N.P. , Terra E.M. , Jark P.C. , Fonseca D.M. , Nogueira A.F.S. , Tinucci-Costa M. , Santana A.E.
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Lymphoma is a malignant tumor characterized by cell proliferation of lymphoid origin and corresponds to 90% of all hematopoietic neoplasms of dogs. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been the target of many investigations in oncology due to their potential of down-regulating immune responses, as well as ensuring the maintenance of active mechanisms of tumor suppression. The aims of the present study were to compare the percentage of Tregs in peripheral blood between dogs with multicentric lymphoma and healthy animals, together with the percentage of Tregs in peripheral blood and lymph nodes of dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Twenty-six animals were enrolled in the study: 10 healthy dogs comprised the control group (CG) and 16 dogs with multicentric lymphoma comprised the Lymphoma Group (LG). We observed that dogs in the LG showed a significantly higher Tregs expression in peripheral blood compared to the CG. No significant difference was observed between Tregs expression in lymph nodes and peripheral blood of the LG, however. With these results, it is possible to conclude that multicentric lymphoma is a neoplasm with high Tregs expression, which poses this as a condition of interest when investigating treatments that can suppress Regulatory T cells.
Sapindaceae da Restinga da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Somner Genise Vieira , Carvalho André Luiz Gomes de , Siqueira Clarice Tavares
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta um estudo florístico de Sapindaceae na Restinga da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro (entre 23°04'S, 44°00'W e 23°02'S, 44°34'W). Foram identificados 6 gêneros e 14 espécies: uma arbustivo-arbórea Allophylus puberulus (Cambess.) Radlk.; duas arbóreas Cupania emarginata Cambess. e Matayba intermedia Radlk.; uma erva escandente Cardiospermum corindum L. e dez trepadeiras, Paullinia coriacea Casar., Paullinia meliifolia Juss., Paullinia racemosa Wawra, Paullinia revoluta Radlk., Paullinia trigonia Vell., Serjania cuspidata Cambess., Serjania dentata (Vell.) Radlk., Serjania eucardia Radlk., Serjania ichthyoctona Radlk. e Urvillea rufescens Cambess. Dentre os táxons registrados, destacam-se Paullinia coriacea, espécie exclusiva de restingas; Paullinia revoluta, como nova ocorrência para o estado do Rio de Janeiro e Cardiospermum corindum, espécie registrada por um único exemplar coletado há 32 anos e sem novos registros desde então.
Tree and shrub flora in the surroundings of the Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Paraná State, Brazil: contribution to ecological restoration
Authors: Cielo-Filho Roque , Franco Geraldo Antonio Daher Corrêa , Periotto Fernando , Aguiar Osny Tadeu de , Baitello João Batista , Câmara Carla Daniela , Sousa Carolina Rodrigues , Jesus Juliana Menezes de
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Aiming to expand the regional floristic knowledge and compile species information to subsidize restoration projects, we conducted a floristic survey in native forest fragments of an area located between the Parque Nacionaldo Iguaçu and the Área de Preservação Permanente do Lago de Itaipu, in western Paraná State. We found 204 species and 51 families, being the richest Fabaceae (29 spp.), Myrtaceae (18 spp.), Solanaceae (10 spp.), Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae and Rutaceae (nine spp. each). The zoochoric syndrome was the most common (69% of the species), followed by anemochoric (17%) and autochoric (14%). The non-pioneer species were the most frequent (64%). In general terms, these results agree qualitatively with those observed in seasonal semideciduous forests. Based on phytosociological data from other studies, we indicated 34 locally abundant species that can be used in greater proportions in restoration projects. We recorded seven species threatened and 15 exotic, of which 12 have invasive potential and require actions for controlling.
Produção de couve chinesa em função da fertirrigação nitrogenada e potássica nas mudas
Authors: Cardoso Antonio Ismael Inácio , Piedade Maria Beatriz S , Rodrigues Júlia Maria , Ricardo Luiz Eduardo
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Frente à existência de poucos estudos relacionados à aplicação de nitrogênio e potássio na produção de mudas de Brassicáceas, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de doses de nitrogênio e potássio, fornecidos por fertirrigação às mudas produzidas em substrato à base de fibra de coco, na produção de couve chinesa. Foram estudados 16 tratamentos, resultantes do fatorial quatro doses de N (0, 80, 160 e 240 mg/L) x quatro doses de K2O (0, 100, 200 e 300 mg/L), no delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A semeadura do híbrido Kukai 65 foi realizada em bandejas de polipropileno com 200 células, preenchida com substrato de fibra de coco, em 13/01/2014. A adubação foi realizada por fertirrigação aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após a semeadura (DAS) utilizando-se 500 mL da solução em cada aplicação em cada parcela, constituída por 50 células. Após o transplantio, todas as plantas receberam o mesmo manejo, incluindo a adubação de plantio e em cobertura. Houve aumento linear crescente para todas as características vegetativas da parte aérea das mudas e ajuste quadrático para a massa seca das raízes (30 DAS), em função da adubação nitrogenada. O aumento das doses de potássio proporcionou redução linear da característica massa da matéria seca das raízes e linear crescente para altura e massa da matéria fresca da parte aérea das mudas. Foram observados ajustes quadráticos para número de folhas, altura e massa da matéria seca das plantas avaliadas na colheita (96 DAS) em função das doses de N, estimando-se valores máximos de 47,7 folhas, 35,5 cm e 68 g, para as doses de 101, 131 e 138 mg/L de N, respectivamente. Para as doses de potássio foi observado ajuste linear decrescente para a altura de planta e quadrático para massa fresca por planta, sendo 140 mg/L de K2O a dose estimada para se obter a maior massa fresca por planta (1,56 kg) na colheita.
Planting density and arrangement for the mechanized spraying of vertically staked tomatoes
Authors: Wamser Anderson Fernando , Valmorbida Janice , Suzuki Atsuo , Hahn Leandro , Mueller Siegfried , Becker Walter F , Feltrim Anderson Luiz , Ender Marcos M
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT We aimed to determine an adequate planting density and arrangement for the mechanized spraying of vertically staked tomatoes. Two experiments were carried out in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 harvests in the city of Calmon, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, both in randomized block design. In 2013/14, treatments were arranged in a 4x2 factorial, corresponding to four planting densities (10,753, 12,903, 16,129 and 21,505 plants/ha) and two planting arrangements (single and double rows). In 2014/15, treatments were arranged in a 5x2 factorial, corresponding to five plant densities (the same planting densities of the previous harvest beyond 32,258 plants/ha) and the same planting arrangements. Total, marketable (considering extra AA and extra A fruits as marketable) and unmarketable yield, the average mass of marketable fruits and severity of leaf diseases were evaluated. Economic analysis was also performed. For tomatoes grown under mechanized spraying, double row plantings resulted in higher yield of marketable fruits and a higher percentage of top grade fruits compared to single row plantings. Maximum fruit yield was reached at approximately 34,000 plants/ha, although maximum revenue was estimated for 23,000 plants/ha. Bacterial spot and Septoria leaf spot severity were higher in double rows than in single rows. Increases in planting density resulted also in increases in bacterial spot and early blight severity.
Impact of continuous positive airway pressure on the pulmonary changes promoted by immersion in water
Authors: Rizzetti Danize Aparecida , Quadros Janayna Rodembuch Borba , Ribeiro Bruna Esmerio , Callegaro Letícia , Veppo Aline Arebalo , Wiggers Giulia Alessandra , Peçanha Franck Maciel
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether different levels of CPAP improve the lung volumes and capacities of healthy subjects immersed in water. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial, conducted between April and June of 2016, involving healthy female volunteers who were using oral contraceptives. Three 20-min immersion protocols were applied: control (no CPAP); CPAP5 (CPAP at 5 cmH2O); and CPAP10 (CPAP at 10 cmH2O). We evaluated HR, SpO2, FVC, FEV1, the FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and FEF25-75%) at three time points: pre-immersion; 10 min after immersion; and 10 min after the end of each protocol. Results: We evaluated 13 healthy volunteers. The CPAP10 protocol reversed the restrictive pattern of lung function induced by immersion in water, maintaining pulmonary volumes and capacities for a longer period than did the CPAP5 protocol. Conclusions: When the hemodynamic change causing a persistent lung disorder, only the application of higher positive pressures is effective in maintaining long-term improvements in the pulmonary profile.
Validation of the STOP-Bang questionnaire as a means of screening for obstructive sleep apnea in adults in Brazil
Authors: Duarte Ricardo Luiz de Menezes , Fonseca Lorena Barbosa de Moraes , Magalhães-da-Silveira Flavio José , Silveira Erika Aparecida da , Rabahi Marcelo Fouad
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the Portuguese-language version of the STOP-Bang (acronym for Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, high blood Pressure, Body mass index, Age, Neck circumference, and Gender) questionnaire, culturally adapted for use in Brazil, as a means of screening for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. Methods: In this validation study, we enrolled patients ≥ 18 years of age, recruited between May of 2015 and November of 2016. All patients completed the STOP-Bang questionnaire and underwent overnight polysomnography. To evaluate the performance of the questionnaire, we used contingency tables and areas under the (receiver operating characteristic) curve (AUCs). Results: We included 456 patients. The mean age was 43.7 ± 12.5 years, and 291 (63.8%) of the patients were male. On the basis of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), we categorized OSA as mild/moderate/severe (any OSA; AHI ≥ 5 events/h), moderate/severe (AHI ≥ 15 events/h), or severe (AHI ≥ 30 events/h). The overall prevalence of OSA was 78.3%, compared with 52.0%, and 28.5% for moderate/severe and severe OSA, respectively. The most common score on the STOP-Bang questionnaire was 4 points (n = 106), followed by 3 points (n = 85) and 5 points (n = 82). An increase in the score was paralleled by a reduction in sensitivity with a corresponding increase in specificity for all AHI cut-off points. The AUCs obtained for the identification of any, moderate/severe, and severe OSA were: 0.743, 0.731, and 0.779, respectively. For any OSA, the score on the questionnaire (cut-off, ≥ 3 points) presented sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 83.5%, 45.5%, and 75.2%, respectively. Conclusions: The STOP-Bang questionnaire performed adequately for OSA screening, indicating that it could be used as an effective screening tool for the disorder.
A longitudinal study of team-fan role identity on self-reported attendance behavior and future intentions
Authors: Trail Galen T. , Anderson Dean F. , Lee Don
Published: January 2018

Attendance at college sporting events generates billions of dollars annually for athletic departments at the college level in the United States. Based on Identity Theory and prior research, we developed and tested two models that were successful in predicting actual attendance, attendance intentions (conative loyalty), and support for the team across time. Respondents (N = 165; 60% female, 59% Caucasian) filled out three surveys across the year. In Model A (RMSEA = .066, χ2/df = 50.02/29 = 1.73), prior season attendance, number of games intending to attend, and preseason team-fan role identity (Time 1) explained 63% of self-reported attendance behavior (Time 2). Those variables and postseason role identity (Time 2) explained 48.5% of attendance intentions (Time 3; Model A) and 43% of supporting the team in the future (Time 3; Model B, RMSEA = .060, χ2/df = 46.16/29 = 1.59). Sports marketers need to take into account both the impact of role identity as a fan of the team and attendance intentions, not just prior attendance behavior when predicting future attendance behavior and support for the team
El Paradigma de la Cosmodernidad: Reflexiones Filosóficas sobre Ciencia y Religión
Authors: Collado Ruano Javier
Published: January 2018

Las reflexiones filosóficas del presente artículo tienen el objetivo de estudiar la relación entre ciencia y religión. Según el consenso académico, la ciencia moderna nació durante el siglo XVII con una inquietud teológica que buscaba cuestionar la autoridad religiosa. Desde entonces, la ciencia moderna fue separada de las dimensiones espirituales y religiosas, con el fin de estudiar objetivamente la estructura ontológica de la realidad. Esta situación dio lugar a un sincretismo religioso que buscaba conciliar diferentes tradiciones culturales, así como al panteísmo, cuya concepción filosófica concebía las leyes del universo y de la naturaleza como como un equivalente teológico a la figura de “Dios” en las diferentes religiones. Por este motivo, el artículo aborda la complejidad de los fenómenos de nuestra realidad ontológica desde un enfoque transdisciplinar, donde la ciencia y la religión se fusionan para dar lugar al paradigma cosmoderno. Como resultado de la integración entre epistemes religiosas y científicas se propone una ética global que reinvente lo sagrado. La investigación también desarrolla un diálogo interreligioso e intra-religioso que nos ayuda a comprender que la naturaleza y el cosmos constituyen el meta-punto de encuentro entre los diversos saberes científicos y religiosos. Para concluir, se argumenta que aprender a coevolucionar de forma consciente requiere el desarrollo de una ecología de saberes, donde el conocimiento físico exterior y la sabiduría espiritual interior de nuestra condición humana convergen y se complementan en diferentes planos lógicos y perceptivos.
Educación y liberación desde la óptica de Leonidas Proaño
Authors: Illicachi Guzñay Juan , Valtierra Zamudio Jorge
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo se propone analizar la acción pastoral de Leonidas Eduardo Proaño, designado obispo de la Diócesis de Riobamba en 1954; en un contexto en el que la población indígena fue considerada como hombres-objetos, hombres-mercancías y hombres-monedas de cambio. En la actualidad aún se observa la persistencia, así como una constante emergencia del racismo y opresión en sus muchas facetas que incluyen la marginación de los grupos racializados; peor aún, los ataques públicos a las vidas y dignidad de las personas indígenas. A posteriori, el artículo rastrea en el campo de la Iglesia progresista y de las Escuelas Radiofónicas Populares del Ecuador (ERPE) con base en el diálogo con las cartografías teóricas de los filósofos Achille Mbembe, Michel Foucault y en el del pensador poscolonial Franz Fanon, las múltiples maneras de liberación, lucha y resistencia, concluyendo que ningún poder es infranqueable; donde hay poder hay líneas de fuga. El propósito es evidenciar la manera cómo opera, a la vez, los impactos estructurales y la agencia de una población históricamente oprimida, configurando otras formas de acción política en alianza con el obispo identificado con los hombres del poncho; o sea, con los hombres impedidos de ser hombres. La metodología que contribuye a desarrollar el presente trabajo consiste en la revisión de archivos y literatura especializada, entrevistas e historias de vida a fin de examinar los horizontes de liberación.
El pensamiento crítico y las creencias religiosas
Authors: Acosta Muñoz Manolo
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo se propone analizar la necesidad de aplicar el pensamiento crítico en el momento de asumir una creencia religiosa. Debido a que los preceptos religiosos inducen en el creyente comportamientos concretos, es necesario reflexionar críticamente en las consecuencias de asumir una creencia en general y una creencia religiosa en particular, para cumplir con este propósito se hace indispensable considerar los principios fundamentales que sustentan al pensamiento crítico y a la pedagogía crítica contemporánea. Una creencia infundada o asumida de manera acrítica es fuente de subjetivismo, de dogmatismo y de fanatismo que deben ser evitados. Se revisa brevemente la función de los líderes religiosos y de la filosofía de la religión en la educación de las creencias, y, se determina la incidencia del pensamiento crítico en las creencias religiosas. Se analiza cómo ciertos líderes religiosos manipulan a sus seguidores mediante interpretaciones antojadizas de los libros sagrados, muchas veces motivadas por el precepto protestante de la libre interpretación de la Biblia sugerida con Lutero desde la época renacentista. Valora el diálogo que debe existir entre razón y fe; promueve el pensamiento crítico como un mecanismo para educar en la fe religiosa. Para concluir, el trabajo propone pautas y alternativas para la comprensión de las creencias religiosas. Es una investigación bibliográfica y documental que como estrategia operacional contribuyó para la observación y la reflexión ordenada y sistemática del tema investigado, se auxilia en los métodos deductivo-inductivo, inductivo-deductivo y en los métodos fenomenológico-hermenéutico.
La escuela pensada desde el pluralismo a favor de una cultura de paz
Authors: Bejarano Chamarro Jessica A. , Chamorro Guerrero Eyner F. , Rodríguez Ortíz Diego A.
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo, de resultado de una investigación, tiene como propósito analizar los conceptos de violencia y de paz, aplicados a la diversidad religiosa y la educación religiosa escolar, de donde se sustrajo lo siguiente: en primer lugar, la diversidad religiosa y el diálogo interreligioso, como realidades presentes en la formación religiosa, se vienen abordando desde un enfoque exclusivista, inclusivista y pluralista, conforme los intereses institucionales de quienes la imparten. En segundo lugar, las religiones e iglesias pueden ser promotoras de violencia cuando fomenta actos discriminatorios, y de paz, cuando se crean escenarios para el diálogo abierto, crítico, argumentativo, respetuoso y tolerante, situación que debe tenerse en cuenta en toda formación religiosa. Finalmente, en tercer lugar, la diversidad religiosa y el diálogo interreligioso siguen siendo una necesidad formativa y una disposición para la configuración de una sociedad justa y fraterna, el cual exige pluralizar el discurso en toda la estructura curricular. Es así como el presente artículo resultado de investigación amparado bajo el paradigma mixto con una dominancia cualitativa y complementación cuantitativa desde la tipología de estudio de caso, con enfoque hermenéutico, desde una perspectiva temporal transeccional, se vale de encuestas, grupos focales y revisión bibliográfica y documental, con el fin de presentar, como último resultado, una propuesta de diseño curricular para algunos programas universitarios. Por lo tanto conllevó hacer un estudio detallado en los colegios y universidades a docentes y estudiantes de la catedra de Educación Religiosa, de los cuales se trabajó con las tres categorías: diversidad religiosa, educación religiosa y educación para la paz.
Transformaciones de la educación comunitaria en los Andes ecuatorianos
Authors: Granda Merchán Juan Sebastián
Published: January 2018

El artículo recupera algunos de los resultados de la investigación desarrollada por el autor en el marco de su tesis doctoral. El artículo analiza el impacto que los cambios educativos impulsados por el Gobierno del Economista Rafael Correa tuvieron en la dinámica de las iniciativas de educación indígena de carácter comunitario. La investigación se fundamentó en los aportes de la Pedagogía Crítica y de la Antropología Latinoamericana: de la primera tomó el concepto de educación como práctica cultural y política, mientras que de la segunda recuperó la perspectiva analítica de la Teoría del Control Cultural. En términos metodológicos, se optó por analizar una experiencia de educación indígena emblemática del país: el Sistema de Escuelas Indígenas de Cotopaxi (SEIC); y para la recolección de información se trabajó a partir de la historia oral y el análisis documental. La hipótesis que se busca argumentar es que el Gobierno de Rafael Correa, en su apuesta por recuperar la rectoría de la educación y en su afán por modernizarla, terminó subsumiendo todos los ámbitos de decisión del quehacer educativo que estuvieron en manos de las comunidades y las escuelas indígenas de la zona de estudio, y homogeneizando su oferta educativa bajo los parámetros de la educación hispana. El artículo se encuentra organizado en tres partes: en la primera se describe la trayectoria del SEIC, desde su nacimiento hasta el 2007. En la segunda se hace un recuento de las políticas educativas que más impacto tuvieron en la dinámica del SEIC. Y, en la última, se discute el impacto que dichas políticas tuvieron en el día a día de las escuelas comunitarias.
Compliances with the cigarettes and other tobacco products Act (COTPA) regulations among schools in Mangalore, India v1
Authors: Mathias Jennifer , Kumar Shah Sanjeev , Kumar Jena Pratap , Prakash Sah Jay , Raj Gautam Koshish
Published: January 2018

Tobacco use is a global health problem. Young adults, particularly school and college students remain a soft target of tobacco manufacturers to promote tobacco use. The cigarettes and other tobacco products Act (COTPA) 2003 includes the law to protect school children from using and early initiation of tobacco use by creating a tobacco free environment at school and its surroundings. However, COPTA implementation remains a challenge till date and limited information on compliance of such laws is available. Therefore, we assessed the current study about the compliance of relevant legal provisions of COTPA 2003 Section 4 (prohibition of smoking at public places), and Section 6 b (prohibition of selling of tobacco within 100 yards of school) among schools in Mangalore, South India. Compliance survey was carried out in 100 schools of Mangalore, India using a standard checklist. Schools were selected by stratified multistage random sampling technique. All the schools were partially compliant with provisions of Section 4 (by definition according to COTPA guidelines-Public places includes educational institutions). Around two-fifth schools had full compliance to Section 6(b) of COTPA, 2003. Similarly, tobacco selling outlets within 100 yards (91.44 meters) of the school was observed in eight schools situated in urban areas. More than half of school teachers (55.5%) had adequate knowledge on tobacco control policies 71.5% had positive attitude towards tobacco control. Privately managed school had more positive attitude towards tobacco control in primary positioned teachers of urban schools. This study explores that the privately managed school has better chance of being fully compliant than government/semi-government schools. And availability of resources and attitude of teachers are major tributes behind their achievement. Therefore school administration and teachers should be sensitized by local law enforcement authority for implementation of relevant provisions of COTPA, 2003 to castle the world with healthy adolescent.
123 v2
Authors: Shufang Wang , Jiao Xiyun , Guo Weihua , Lu Jian , Bai Yungang , Wang Lingping
Published: January 2018

A suitable irrigation method adopted to arid desert conditions, including a special soil structure and specialized plants, has been continuously studied and improved. A field study was conducted in the AWei irrigation area of Aletai in Xinjiang in 2015 and 2016 to investigate the applicability of shallow subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI) in an arid desert area. A completely randomized block design with three replications and three treatments for drip tape subsurface depths at 5, 10, 20 cm was established. The results indicated that the vertical distribution of the soil moisture of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI, buried depth at 20 cm) was mainly concentrated at 0-60 cm, while SSDI (buried depth at 5 and 10 cm) was concentrated at 0-30 cm. However, the root distributions were concentrated at 0-30 cm for SDI and SSDI. The chlorophyll content and water consumption intensity for alfalfa first increased and then decreased in arid desert conditions. The dry yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of SSDI (buried depth at 10 cm) were higher than those of SDI. SSDI was practical in arid desert conditions, depth at 10 cm was recommended.
A Study on the Non-English Majors’ Use of Metacognitive Strategies in English Learning
Authors: Yan Yue
Published: January 2018

With the deepening of education for all-round development, modern education pays more and more attention to how to make students learn with lesser time and energy but being efficient, which, undoubtedly, involves study of a series of problems concerning learning strategies, and theories related to metacognitive strategies are the most suitable and supporting theories to learning strategies. The research aims to discuss what metacognitive strategies are usually used by non-English major students as well as how these metacognitive strategies function. The research has been carried out in the form of a questionnaire, about 100 non-English majors from Yuncheng University attended the questionnaire. The results show that metacognitive strategies and cognitive strategies always work together. And with the help of these metagnitive strategies, students can find suitable ways to learn the language, they can think and work more independently, making learning plan in a more reasonable way, which help them become the host of learning, and be a successful learner. The author hopes that her research findings may be of some significance in English teaching and learning although there are still some deficiencies and the need of further research.
Attitude and Motivation in Learning a Local Language
Authors: Widodo Mulyanto , Ariyani Farida , Setiyadi Ag. Bambang
Published: January 2018

Some studies have been conducted to relate motivation with second /foreign language learning. Belmechri and Hummel (1988) introduced intensity and desire in exploring motivation in the acquisition of a second language. In some studies motivation was classified into integrative and instrumental (Gardner and Lambert, 1972; Ely, 1986; Oxford and Shearin, 1994; and Sung and Padila, 1998), while some other studies motivation was classified into extrinsic and intrinsic (Dornyei (1994; Ramage, 1990; and Noels et al. 1999). Unlike the concept of motivation introduced by Oller et al.(1977 and Spolsky ( 1969), who did not separate attitude from motivation in language learning motivation in language learning in the study is separated from attitude. This study attempted to investigate how individual differences with regard to attitude and motivation are correlated in language learning. The participants in this study consisted of 75 students of a university in Indonesia who have been learning Lampungese language, a local language, since Elementary School. The data of attitude and motivation, which were collected through questionnaires, were analyzed by undertaking correlation analyses. The findings show that attitude and motivation was significantly correlated. The pedagogical implications were also provided in this study.
Environmental Awareness of Children Aged 6—10 Years from the Standpoint of Dialectical Thinking
Authors: Lidskaya E.V. , Mdivani M.O.
Published: January 2018

The article presents results of an empirical research of cognitive, affective (emotional) and behavioral components of ecological consciousness in 323 children of preschool and primary school age (6—10 years).It was found that preschool age children underestimate the impact of nature on man, but at the same time overestimate the human impact on nature. Children of this age attributed greater importance to being emotionally close with nature than children of primary school age. When choosing between the industrial, social or natural environment, children of both age groups give preference to the natural environment, leaving the industrial one the least preferred. The outcomes of this research were used to analyze the development of dialectical thinking (actions of transformation and association) in children of these age groups. As it was revealed, dialectical thinking in children of preschool age is predominantly visual. In primary school children, the visual form is replaced by conceptual and symbolic thinking, although still in an underdeveloped form. The article concludes that the first two years of school education have little influence on the development of dialectical thinking in the part that concerns actions of transformation.
Pre-clinical evaluation of advanced nerve guideconduits using a novel 3D in vitro testing model
Authors: Behbehani Mehri , Glen Adam , S. Taylor Caroline , Schuhmacher Alexander , Claeyssens Frederik , W. Haycock John
Published: January 2018

Autografts are the current gold standard for large peripheral nerve defects in clinics despite the frequentlyoccurring side effects like donor site morbidity. Hollow nerve guidance conduits (NGC) are proposed alternatives toautografts, but failed to bridge gaps exceeding 3 cm in humans. Internal NGC guidance cues like microfibresare believed to enhance hollow NGCs by giving additional physical support for directed regeneration of Schwann cellsand axons. In this study, we report a new 3D in vitro model that allows the evaluation of different intraluminal fibrescaffolds inside a complete NGC. The performance of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibres inside 5 mmlong polyethylene glycol (PEG) conduits were investigated in neuronal cell and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) culturesinvitro. Z-stack confocal microscopy revealed the aligned orientation of neuronal cells along the fibres throughout thewhole NGC length and depth. The number of living cells in the centre of the scaffold was not significantly different tothe tissue culture plastic (TCP) control. For ex vivo analysis, DRGs were placed on top of fibre-filled NGCs to simulatethe proximal nerve stump. In 21 days of culture, Schwann cells and axons infiltrated the conduits along the microfibreswith 2.2 ± 0.37 mm and 2.1 ± 0.33 mm, respectively. We conclude that this in vitro model can help define internal NGCscaffolds in the future by comparing different fibre materials, composites and dimensions in one setup prior to animal testing.
Sperm recovery and IVF outcome after surgical sperm retrieval in azoospermia: our experience
Authors: Rai Seema , Rao P. S. , S. Prajwal
Published: January 2018

Background: In the last decade, male factor infertility has been recognized as a significant global problem, which is on an increase. Till date, very few options are available for ameliorating male factor infertility. Development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection has revolutionized the treatment of males with very low sperm counts or with poor quality sperm. However, patients with a diagnosis of azoospermia had no option but to resort to adoption or use of donor sperm. The clinical management of men with azoospermia seeking fertility has been a challenge for andrologists, urologists, and reproductive medicine specialists alike. The older approaches denied such couple the possibility of having own genetic children. Surgical sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection have successfully transformed the treatment of male infertility so that now most of the men can father their own children. The aim of this study is to present the outcome of IVF with surgically retrieved sperm from azoospermic men.Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of 100 cycles using surgically retrieved sperm. Outcome measures were fertilization rate (FR) and implantation rate (IR) per transfer.Results: Sperm retrieval rate in our study was 76% when Per cutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) and Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) are combined. Our data demonstrated similar outcome between the use of epididymal or testicular sperm in men with azoospermic. There was no statistical difference concerning fertilization rate, embryo quality and pregnancy rate between ICSI with surgically retrieved sperm and ejaculated sperms.Conclusions: Surgical sperm retrieval is a feasible and successful procedure. Spermatozoa can be retrieved from the testis in up to 76% of patients, even in cases with severe disorders of spermatogenesis and deranged hormonal profile. Comprehensive genetic counseling is important for infertile couples deciding for surgical sperm retrieval, since genetic disorders, as yet undetected, may be passed on to the following generation with multiplying variety.
Predicting the outcome of perforation peritonitis by using apache II scoring system
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Sachan Praveendra K. , Agrawal Saurabh
Published: January 2018

Background:Peritonitis is inflammation of peritoneum and peritoneal cavity. This study was aimed at predicting morbidity and mortality in patients with peritonitis due to hollow viscous perforation by using APACHE II Scoring system.Methods: This study was conducted in patients admitted as a case of perforation peritonitis in Tertiary centre Dehradun, over the period of 18 months. APACHE II score was calculated and correlated with their symptoms and clinical outcomes regarding morbidity and mortality.Results:In present study APACHE- II significantly predict the morbidity and mortality with p value < 0.001. It showed perfect correlation of APACHE-II score and predicted death risk (r = 0.96, P = 0.001).Conclusions: The APACHE-II scoring system can be used to assess group outcomes in patients with peritonitis due to hollow viscous perforation. However, it does not provide sufficient confidence for outcome prediction in individual patients.
A study on prevalence and risk factors of hearing impairment among newborns
Authors: James Mary , P. Kumar , Ninan Praveen Jacob
Published: January 2018

Background: Hearing impairment in children constitutes a particularly serious obstacle to their optimal development. Early detection of hearing impairment is vital since early intervention including hearing aids and speech therapy can be initiated at the earliest and will help them to enjoy equal opportunities in society alongside all other children. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with hearing impairment among newborns delivered in a tertiary care centre using a two staged OAE test.Methods: This study was a prospective descriptive study done in Govt. T.D. medical college, Alappuzha over a period of 12 months. All newborns (4359) were included in the study. They were carefully evaluated for presence of risk factors and OAE was done before discharge from the hospital. If found abnormal OAE was repeated at 6 weeks, failing which BERA was performed.Results: Out of 4268 newborns screened, 275 failed OAE (6.4%) and 44 failed second OAE (1.03%) also. BERA was done in 40 newborns out of whom 6 failed (prevalence of 1.3 per 1000 population). Risk factors studied were prematurity, perinatal asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemea requiring phototherapy, congenital infection, family history of deafness, NICU admission more than 5 days, culture positive sepsis and newborns receiving ototoxic medications.Conclusions: Hearing impairment was more among those with risk factors. But hearing evaluation is important in all newborns irrespective of presence of risk factors to avoid missing hearing impairment in otherwise normal newborn.
IV Paracetamol for closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates admitted to a tertiary care centre
Authors: B. Sunil , Patel Shruthi , N. Girish
Published: January 2018

Background: Ductus arteriosus is a vascular connection between the pulmonary artery and descending aorta. The incidence is inversely related to birth weight and gestational age (GA). In preterm infants it varies between 40% and 60% on the third day of life. At present, the choice of treatment of clinically significant PDA is with either ibuprofen or indomethacin, but they carry many contraindications and potential side effects. Hence it is important to consider that paracetamol may be used as an alternative to other non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and is effective in ductal closure with minimal side effects.Methods:Thirty six preterm infants with hemodynamically significant PDA(hs-PDA) were treated with intravenous paracetamol and subsequent closure was evaluated clinically and by follow-up 2D-Echo.Results: PDA closure following intravenous paracetamol was evident in 27 babies (75%). There were no significant side effects noted with paracetamol therapy.Conclusions: This study shows that paracetamol could offer favourable safety profile in comparison to current treatment options. Therefore, paracetamol may be accepted as a first-line drug treatment for PDA in preterm infants.