bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Athletes Friendly Education Handbook: Award for Educational Institutions supporting the Dual Career of Athletes
Authors: Ferjan Marko , Jereb Eva , Podbregar Iztok , Robnik Petra , Polona Polona , Thaler Mathias , Šolar Aleš
Published: November 2021

(AFE) is a type of schooling, continually planning, organizing, and improving a system of adaptations included in a school's educational process and infrastructure. These adaptations are implemented voluntarily and in a benevolent, systematic, comprehensive, and transparent manner, with the explicit aim to help athletes engage in sport and simultaneously achieve goals and competencies set out in the educational program and thus Athlete friendly education has the following attributes: adaptations; rather than being discrete, these adaptations constitute a system; daptations are organized and managed by school management; institutions introduce the adaptations voluntarily; adaptations are based on pre-existing legal frameworks and internal institutional regulations; institutions need to possess adequate competencies or experience; they need to be "trustworthy," in other words. AFE accreditation is voluntary. The principle of voluntary certification is very similar to the "brand" philosophy. The brand also contains a "promise."
El habitus
Authors: Riscanevo Espitia Lida Esperanza
Published: November 2021

Al retomar la publicación de la Revista Semilleros de Investigación, que estaba en pausa desde 2011, fue primordial rescatar los motivos que llevaron a su gestación en 2009. Se buscaba que fuera un apoyo a la formación investigativa y escritural de jóvenes universitarios para consolidar equipos de trabajo mancomunado (Gamboa, 2009), puesto que
en los semilleros encontramos un pilar esencial para dejar avanzar a la universidad hacia otros estadios más flexibles, más heterogéneos, más plurales, que rebasan las formas de la vieja universidad que tiende a sujetar y organizar en torno a la homogeneidad, la centralización y los modos tradicionales de hacer la vida, la academia y la investigación. (Restrepo, 2010, p. 7)
Teniendo en cuenta la intención y la perspectiva ya descritas, se proyectó reactivar su publicación con este volumen para apoyar la constitución de una postura investigativa de los estudiantes universitarios, ligada al proceso de aprender a investigar, la cual establece una relación de cada sujeto como investigador con él mismo y con el conocimiento. Así, se define un “modo de ser” a través de un “proceso de llegar a ser” investigador (Riscanevo, 2019). Según Cochran-Smith y Lytle (2009), dicho proceso facilita una postura que permite generar conocimiento, teorizar sobre las prácticas, interpretar y cuestionar la teoría y la investigación de otros.
Representaciones sociales sobre las relaciones de pareja en la comunidad Amazónica Asháninka
Authors:   , Alzamora Alvarado Mireya Stefany
Published: November 2021

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar las representaciones sociales sobre las relaciones de pareja en la Comunidad Amazónica Asháninka. Se optó por la metodología de investigación cualitativa tomando como diseño la teoría fundamentada y fenomenología. Participaron cinco mujeres y seis hombres líderes y comuneros de seis comunidades Amazónicas Asháninkas del Distrito de San Ramón en el departamento de Junín, que se encuentran en una relación de pareja. La validez del estudio se dio con el uso de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y notas de campo, bajo la inserción a la comunidad. Entre los principales hallazgos se encontró una fuerte influencia familiar y social-cultural para relacionarse. Existe una notable diferencia entre el cargo ocupado dentro de la comunidad, ya sea de Apu o comunero. Además, una distinción de género, donde la mujer tiene poca autoridad sobre sus decisiones, a comparación del género masculino. Se concluye que las nociones de relación de pareja involucran aspectos culturales, dejando de lado las manifestaciones psicológicas emergentes durante una relación.
Priorities of military education in the context of national interests and cultural traditions of Russia
Authors:   TOVVMU n.a. S.O. Makarov, Danilchenko S.A.
Published: November 2021

Researched are priorities of military education in the context of national interests and cultural traditions of Russia. The author reveals the problems of organizing military education associated with the change of global ideology and the loss of ideological foundations within the country, the adoption of Western models of education that contradict national cultural traditions. Based on the needs of the state, the author identifies priorities in organizing the training of military specialists. The most important of them are the education of a warrior’s personality, that is, the formation of moral and combat qualities as the basis for the training of military specialists and the expansion, in connection with this, of the interpretation of “competence”, as well as a change in the ideology of the development and content of the Federal state educational standard (FSES) for the training of military specialists.
Sosyal Bilgiler Ders Kitaplarında Yenilikçi Düşünme
Authors: ŞANLI Sadık , DEMİRKAYA Hilmi
Published: November 2021

Günümüzde pek çok ülkede sınıf ortamlarında yenilikçi eğitim teknolojilerinin giderek artan ve yaygınlaşan kullanımı, ders kitaplarına olan bağımlılığın azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte gerek ders kitaplarının güncellenmesi gerekse alternatif uygulamaların yaygınlaşmasına rağmen Dünyada ve Türkiye’de okullarda ders kitapları vazgeçilmez ders materyali olma özelliğini devam ettirmektedir. Yapılan pek çok araştırmanın bulgularına göre, öğretmen ve öğrenciler mevcut ders kitaplarını birçok açıdan yetersiz buldukları halde ders kitaplarına olan bağımlılık çeşitli nedenlerle sürdürülmektedir. Türkiye’de ortaokul sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarının hazırlanmasında ve seçiminde Anayasaya uygun olmak şartıyla Dünya ve Türkiye’deki bilimsel, teknolojik ve pedagojik ilerlemeler göz önünde bulundurularak hazırlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarının 2018 MEB sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programında öğrencilere kazandırılması gereken temel becerilerden birisi olan yenilikçi düşünme bağlamında incelenerek değerlendirilmesidir. Bu çalışmanın materyalleri, 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında Türkiye genelinde okutulan 5, 6, ve 7. sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarıdır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Bu çalışmada doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bilim uzmanlarının görüşleri alınarak hazırlanan ve son şekli verilen kriterler temelinde anahtar sözcükler belirlenip kitapların tamamı taranmış ve seçilen anahtar sözcükler tablolar üzerinde verilmiştir. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda yenilikçi düşünme ile ilgili ortaya çıkan başlıca kavramlar şunlardır; 5. sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitabı için düşünme, tartışma, yaratıcılık, yeni fikir, yenilik, 6. sınıf için düşünme, tartışma, yaratıcılık, yeni fikir, yenilik, 7. sınıf için ise düşünme, tartışma, yaratıcılık, yeni fikir ve yenilik olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre ders kitaplarında 5. sınıf için en fazla düşünme kavramı, 6. sınıf için tartışma kavramı, 7. sınıf için ise düşünme kavramı geçmektedir. Ortaya çıkan sonuçlara dayalı olarak sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarında yenilikçi düşünme becerilerine daha fazla yer verilmesi önerilebilir.
Ampelographic and molecular characterisation of grapevine varieties in the gene bank of the experimental vineyard ‘Radmilovac’ – Serbia
Authors: Milišić Kristina , Sivčev Branislava , Štajner Nataša , Jakše Jernej , Matijašević Saša , Nikolić Dragan , Popović Tatjana , Ranković-Vasić Zorica
Published: November 2021

Characterisations of thirty grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) from the experimental vineyard ‘Radmilovac’ were conducted using a large number of OIV descriptors and eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci. The ampelographic description contained 45 features. Molecular characterisation of selected microsatellite loci was performed using capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis. Dendrograms based on ampelographic and genetic data resulted in three groups of varieties. Qualitative ampelographic characteristics tended to manifest significant differences. The most common deviation among varieties within the group was in the characteristic OIV 051 (colouration of the upper side of a young leaf). Genetic characterisation of SSR markers through analyses of a large number of varieties contributes to better organisation of grapevine collections and simpler identification of varieties, as well as data exchange. When identifying the varieties, the results of the DNA analysis should be combined with the ampelographic descriptors, in order to select grapevine varieties with desirable viticultural and oenological traits. Integration of the obtained genetic data with the ampelographic data is of utmost importance for accurate identification of the varieties and offers a significant means for the preservation and use of the varieties.
Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Hen-riettea succosa (Aubl.) DC. leaves
Authors: Da Silva Izaqueu Rodrigues , Morais Bruno Anderson de , De Araújo Maria Isabela Ferreira , Barbosa Paula Perazzo de Souza , Sena Amanda Reges de , Leite Tonny Cley Campos
Published: November 2021

Henriettea succosa is a tree species consumed in abundance by birds, however, there is no report on its phytochemical profile and biological activity. This study performed the phytochemical screening and the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of H. succosa leaves. The hexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (AcOEt) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of the leaves were evaluated for chemical composition by Thin Layer Chromatography and spectrophotometric analysis; the antimicrobial activity was determined by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Microbicide Concentration (MMC); antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, determination of the reducing power and the phosphomolybdenum complex reduction assay. The photoprotor action of the extracts was also evaluated. The results showed a higher content of phenolic compounds (444.08 ± 0.020 mg EAG/g) and tannins (414.37 ± 0.16 mg EAG/g) in the MeOH extract, which was effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia marcescens, with MIC of 1 mg/ ml and CMM of 2 mg/ml. The MIC and MMC of AcOEt for Micrococcus luteus was 1 mg/mL, this was also considered the minimum concentration necessary for the Hex extract to act on the S. aureus strain. The MeOH extract showed greater antioxidant activity by the DPPH (79.09%) and reducing power (327.2 ± 0.00 mg EAA/g) methods, while the AcOEt extract showed greater activity by the phosphomolybdenum method (40.5%). However, none of the extracts showed a photoprotective effect against UV radiation. In summary, this study revealed that the leaves of H. succosa have secondary metabolites with bactericidal potential, in addition to antioxidant action.
Metric Dimension in fuzzy(neutrosophic) Graphs-V
Authors: Garrett Henry
Published: November 2021

In this study, the term dimension is introduced on fuzzy(neutrosophic) graphs. The classes of these specific graphs are chosen to obtain some results based on dimension. The types of crisp notions and fuzzy(neutrosophic) notions are used to make sense about the material of this study and the outline of this study uses some new notions which are crisp and fuzzy(neutrosophic).
Prevention Effect of TGF-β Type I Receptor Kinase Inhibitor in Esophageal Stricture Formation after Corrosive Burn
Authors: Kim Min Tae , Kim Kun Yung
Published: November 2021

Corrosive burns lead to progressive esophageal stricture and dysphagia. There are many trials to prevent Esophageal stricture formation after corrosive burn. This study aimed to access the effects of EW-7197 on prevention for esophageal stricture formation after corrosive esophageal burn. animal study were classified divided into three groups: a healthy group, a control group (corrosive burn without EW-7197), and a treatment group (corrosive burn with EW-7197). Corrosive esophageal burns were produced using 30% NaOH on the lower esophagus. For 3 weeks, the control group received vehicle and the treatment group received 20 mg/kg/day EW-7197. Treatment efficacy was assessed by measuring the stenosis ratio by esophagogram with contrast media on day 21. histologic staining was performed to evaluate the fibrosis area ratio, and western blotting was performed to evaluate fibrotic markers. Among 20 rats that underwent surgery, 14 survived. Three in the treatment group died because of esophageal perforation, and three in the control group died due to their debilitating status. The esophageal stenosis ratio was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (12.1 ± 9.5% and 42.2 ± 8.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). The histologic fibrosis area ratio was also significantly lower in the treatment group (12.5 ± 3.0% and 21.6 ± 2.1%, respectively; p = 0.001). The treatment group showed lower expressions of profibrogenic proteins such as TGF-β1, pSmad3, and α-SMA. EW-7197 may be a good alternative for the prevention esophageal stricture formation after corrosive burn.
Enhancing EEG-Based Mental Stress State Recognition using an Improved Hybrid Feature Selection Algorithm
Authors: HAG ALA , Handayani Dini , Altalhi Maryam , Pillai Thulasyammal , Mantoro Teddy , Kit Mun Hou , Al-Shargie Fares
Published: November 2021

Mental stress state recognition using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for real-life applications needs a conventional wearable device. This requires an efficient number of EEG channels and an optimal feature set. The main objective of the study is to identify an optimal feature subset that can best discriminate mental stress states while enhancing the overall performance. Thus, multi-domain feature extraction methods were employed, namely, time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency domain, and network connectivity features, to form a large feature vector space. To avoid the computational complexity of high dimensional space, a hybrid feature selection (FS) method of minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance with Particle Swarm Optimization and Support Vector Machine (mRMR-PSO-SVM) is proposed to remove noise, redundant, and irrelevant features and keep the optimal feature subset. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated and verified using four datasets, namely EDMSS, DEAP, SEED, and EDPMSC. To further consolidate, the effectiveness of the proposed method is compared with that of the state-of-the-art heuristic methods. The proposed model has significantly reduced the features vector space by an average of 70% in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods while significantly increasing overall detection performance.
Oxidative Stress Inside the Pathogenesis of Ascending Aorta Aneurysms: A Clearer Vision for Identifying Promising Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Balistreri Carmela , Pisano Calogera , Ruvolo Giovanni
Published: November 2021

Ascending aorta aneurysm (AsAA) is a complex disease, currently defined an inflammatory disease. In the sporadic form, AsAA has, indeed, a complex physiopathology with a strong inflammatory basis, significantly modulated by genetic variants in innate/inflammatory genes, acting as independent risk factors and as largely evidenced in our recent studies performed during the last 10 years. Based on these premises, here, we want to revise the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress on AsAA pathophysiology and consequently on the onset and progression of sporadic AsAA. This might consent to add other important pieces in the intricate puzzle of the pathophysiology of this disease with the translational aim to identify biomarkers and targets to apply in the complex management of AsAA, by facilitating the AsAA diagnosis currently based only on imaging evaluations, and the treatment exclusively founded on surgery approaches.
Inactivation of MrPigH in Monascus ruber M7 Results in its Monascus Pigments Increase and Citrinin Decrease with mrpyrG Selection Marker
Authors: Li Li , Xu Na , Chen Fusheng
Published: November 2021

Monascus pigments (MPs) have been used as food colorants for several centuries in Asian countries and nowadays in the whole world via Asian catering. The MPs biosynthetic pathway has been well-illustrated, however, the functions of a few genes including mrpigH in the MPs gene cluster of M. ruber M7 are still unclear. In current study, mrpigH was disrupted in Δmrlig4ΔmrpyrG, a highly efficient gene modification system, using mrpyrG as a selection marker, and ΔmrpigHΔmrlig4ΔmrpyrG::mrpyrG and ΔmrpigHΔmrlig4ΔmrpyrG have been obtained. Subsequently, their morphologies, biomasses, MPs and citrinin (CIT) production were analyzed, respectively. These results have revealed that the deletion of mrpigH has significant effects on the morphology and growth of M. ruber M7. Moreover, compared with M. ruber M7, the yields of MPs and CIT were drastically increased and decreased in mrpigH mutants, respectively.
Expression of L-selectin (CD62L) and CD44 on Bovine Lymphocytes and WC1.1+ γδ T Cells under Stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Santos Kamila R. , Souza Fernando N. , Batista Camila F. , da Silva Guilherme G. , Rennó Francisco P. , Heinemann Marcos B. , Della Libera Alice M. M. P.
Published: November 2021

The present study explored the expression of CD62L and CD44 by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and WC1.1+ γδ T cells under Staphylococcus aureus cell culture stimu-lation. In this study, peripheral blood cells were isolated from ten dairy cows and cocultured with S. aureus. Afterward, the γδ T cell subpopulation and the expression of CD44, CD62L and prolif-erative (Ki67+) cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Our results showed that the percentages of proliferative PBMCs and WC1.1+ γδ T cells were higher when stimulated with S. aureus. The percentage of CD44+ cells increased in S. aureus-stimulated cultured PMBCs and WC1.1+ γδ T cells, as did the CD44 geometric mean fluorescence intensity (GMFI). The rate of CD62L cells did not differ among groups for either PBMCs or WC1.1+ γδ T cells. A higher GMFI of CD62L in prolif-erative PBMCs than nonproliferative PBMCs upon stimulation with S. aureus was detected, whereas no impact on the GMFI of CD62L was observed in WC1.1+ cells. In summary, our study identified that S. aureus was associated with high expression of CD44 in overall PBMCs and WC1.1+ γδ T cells, and they could generate memory WC1.1+ γδ T cells, preferably central memory cells.
Nanotechnological Advancement in Antimicrobial Drug Designing
Authors: Oves Mohammad , Rauf Mohd Ahmar
Published: November 2021

The global spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbial infections is currently one of the most severe risks to global public health, with 10 million fatalities expected by 2050 unless action is taken. Nanotechnology has revolutionized science and medicine. The reliance on nanotechnology is growing. Nanoparticles have distinct properties that improve biological, chemical, and physical properties studied for various uses. A significant area of attention in the synthesis of nanoscale modulators is the utilization of crude formulations, retro-synthesized, and pure chemicals, mainly from herbal sources, with fewer adverse effects. Green chemistry has devised a tangential technique for synthesizing metals and metal oxides to produce nanoparticles. Plant extracts (leaves, stems, and shoots) and microorganisms (bacteria, fungus, and yeast) are used as reducing intermediates to make nanoparticles. Studies in microbiology have shown that nanoparticles kill bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. These green nanoparticles contain antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory effects. Most nanoparticles have high antibacterial properties, indicating they may be used to combat diseases and biological contaminants. These nanoparticles have antibacterial action against pathogenic microorganisms that cause serious illnesses, including multidrug-resistant pathogens. The current research will pave the way for future applications and improved methods for producing nanoparticles, paving the way for an innovative route in nano-life sciences with widespread recognition.
Sustainable Urban Farming in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of a Coupled Single-Loop Aquaponics System in Nigeria
Authors: Benjamin Emmanuel O. , Tzemi Domna , Subtil Fialho Daniela
Published: November 2021

Countries in West Africa are adversely affected by climate change (erratic rainfall and rising temperature) resulting in floods, desertification, drought and sea level rise. These events are anticipated to have negative impacts on agricultural development on the continent, ultimately, contributing to food insecurity and environmental degradation. This implies that the production capacity of agrarian communities is unable to meet the food demand of the growing urban population. Can sustainable and innovative urban farming technology such as aquaponics achieve food security as well as sustainable development in countries vulnerable to climate change? This study uses inferential statistic to examine the plant growth performance in micro-scale aquaponics and specific growth rate per day (SGR) for the fish growth performance vis-à-vis conventional urban farming production. A quantitative analysis use to examine the barriers to adoption based on survey of (five) urban aquaculture practitioners in Lagos, Nigeria. Literature review was use to assess the economic feasibility of a small-scale aquaponics system in developing countries based on Net-Discounted Beneﬁt-Cost Rate (DBCR). The results suggest that aquaponics can improve food security through fish and vegetable production and it is likely that urban farming practitioners will adopt the technology if support mechanism are in place. Aquaponics systems present a novel opportunity to promote environmental conservation as well as sustainable food production and consumption in urban areas in Western Africa if adequate financial credit and knowledge transfer is provided.
Geoscience Fieldwork in the Age of Covid-19 and Beyond: Commentary on the Development of a Virtual Geological Field Trip to Whitefish Falls, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Peace Alexander L. , Gabriel Jeremy J. , Eyles Carolyn
Published: November 2021

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and resultant cancellation of geoscience fieldwork, as well as outstanding accessibility issues inherent in conducting fieldwork, we developed a virtual geological fieldtrip (VFT) to the Huronian age deposits in the Whitefish Falls area, Ontario, Canada. This region is a geologically significant site in which many Ontario universities conduct undergraduate teaching due to the high-quality exposures. In this contribution we describe and comment on the development of this openly available resource, the motivations in doing so, the challenges faced, its pedagogical impact and relevance, as well as provide suggestions to others in the development of such resources. Our multimedia VFT combines 360° imagery, georeferenced data on integrated maps, and multi-scale imagery (aerial/drone, outcrop, and thin section images). The VFT was built using the Esri Storymaps platform, and thus offers us the opportunity to review the effectiveness of building such resources using this medium, as well as our approach to doing so. We conclude that the Esri Storymaps platform provides a sound medium for the dissemination of multimedia VFTs, but that some aspects of in-person fieldwork remain hard to replicate. Most notably, ‘hands on experience’ and specific activities such as geological mapping. In addition, while VFTs alleviate some accessibility barriers to geoscience fieldwork, substantial barriers remain that should remain the focus of both pedagogical and geoscience work.
Do It Yourself! – Experiences with Self-Synthesized CsTFA for RNA-SIP Analyses
Authors: Egert Markus , Weis Severin , Schmidt Magnus S.
Published: November 2021

Cesiumtrifluoroacetate (CsTFA) is a key chemical for RNA-based stable isotope analyses to link the structure and function of microbial communities. We report a protocol to easily synthesize CsTFA from Cesiumcarbonate (Cs2CO3) and Trifluoroacetate (TFA) and show that self-synthesized CsTFA behaves similar to commercial CsTFA in the separation of isotopically labelled and unlabelled E. coli RNA.
Territorial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Galicia (Spain): a geographical approach
Authors: Miramontes Carballada Ángel , Balsa-Barreiro Jose
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus pandemic is causing a huge impact around the world. Its real magnitude presents very important regional differences, which are appreciable in the number of infected and victims in the different countries. The outbreak of the pandemic and the ignorance of the virus mean that, even today, there are many unknowns about essential aspects related to it. In this sense, geographic knowledge can help answer many questions from the territorial analysis of the data. The objective of this article will be to analyze the behavior of the coronavirus pandemic within the Spanish region of Galicia. The authors of this study propose a multiscale analysis that allows deciphering the most common propagation patterns. For this, we have high spatial resolution data that has been provided by the competent authority under confidentiality. The results of this work allow us to represent and interpret the territorial impact of the pandemic, understanding its behavior as far as possible, allowing future dynamics to be predicted.
Human and machine learning pipelines for responsible clinical prediction using high-dimensional data
Authors: Sufriyana Herdiantri , Wu Yu Wei , Su Emily Chia-Yu
Published: November 2021

This protocol aims to develop, validate, and deploy a prediction model using high dimensional data by both human and machine learning. The applicability is intended for clinical prediction in healthcare providers, including but not limited to those using medical histories from electronic health records. This protocol applies diverse approaches to improve both predictive performance and interpretability while maintaining the generalizability of model evaluation. However, some steps require expensive computational capacity; otherwise, these will take longer time. The key stages consist of designs of data collection and analysis, feature discovery and quality control, and model development, validation, and deployment.
Jiedu Tongluo Decoction Attenuates Myocardial Fibrosis Through Inhibition of The TGF-β1/Smad2/3 Pathway
Authors: Hui Ju , Li Le , Zhang Huan , Wang Bin , Shi Jiaxin , Song Jing , Guo Jiajuan , Li Xiangjun
Published: November 2021

Background: Jiedu Tongluo (JDTL) decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula containing three herbal ingredients that is widely used to treat myocardial fibrosis (MF). This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of action of JDTL decoction for the treatment of MF. Methods: The chemical constituents of Traditional Chinese medicine were analyzed by HPLC, Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Jiedu Tongluo decoction low-dose and high-dose treatment groups, with 10 rats in each group. Rat myocardial fibrosis model was induced by subcutaneous injection of 5 mg•kg-1 isoproterenol hydrochloride. 5 and 50 g•(kg.d) -1 were given intragastric administration for 7 days. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining were performed for histological evaluation of myocardial tissue, MTT method detects the activity of cardiac fibroblasts, The alkaline water method is used to determine the content of hydroxyproline in myocardial tissue and myocardial fibroblasts, Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of myocardial tissue transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, p smad2/3, and type III collagen (Col III) expression, Immunofluorescence to detect the expression of α-SMA/Vimentin in myocardial tissue and myocardial fibroblasts; Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of TGFβ1 and psmad2/3 in cardiac fibroblasts.Results: In this study, six compounds of JDTL decoction were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson staining showed that in the isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO)-induced MF rat model, JDTL treatment protected the myocardial structure and inhibited type III collagen (COL3) expression(p<0.05). The immunohistochemistry (IHC) results also showed that JDTL treatment significantly reduced the expression of vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) as well as the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in the rat MF model(p<0.05). Rat cardiac fibroblasts (RCFs) were used for the following assays performed in vitro: hydroxyproline detection, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, wound-healing test, western blot, and double immunofluorescence staining; the results of these assays confirmed the inhibitory effects of JDTL decoction on the proliferation, migration, and transdifferentiation abilities of RCFs as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, including the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway through downregulation of TGF-β1 expression and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 as well as inhibition of vimentin and α-SMA expression(p<0.05). Conclusion: JDTL decoction can prolong the process of MF through inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
Gene Expression Response of the Non-target Gastropod Physella Acuta to Fenoxycarb, a Juvenile Hormone Analog Pesticide
Authors: Caballero Patricia , Prieto-Amador Marina , Martinez-Guitarte Jose-Luis
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, pesticides are an environmental problem because they can act on non-target species. Therefore, the search for new pest control methods has focused on compounds with low or no toxic effects. Analogs of the juvenile hormone are one such group of pesticides since they work by interfering in the endocrine system of arthropods. However, the lack of effect on non-target species is frequently assumed, and it requires confirmation. This article analyzes the impact of Fenoxycarb, an analog of juvenile hormone, on Physella acuta, an aquatic gastropod. Animals exposed for one week to 0.01, 1, and 100 μg/L were used to obtain RNA and perform retrotranscription and real-time PCR. Forty genes related to the endocrine system, the DNA repair mechanisms, the different phases of detoxification, oxidative stress, the stress response, the nervous system, hypoxia, energy metabolism, the immune system, and apoptosis were analyzed. Three of the genes, AchE, Hsp17.9, and ApA, showed responses to the presence of Fenoxycarb at 1 μg/L, with no statistically significant responses in the rest of the genes and at the remaining concentrations. From the results it can be concluded that Fenoxycarb shows low toxicity in Physella acuta. However, the fact that a gene related to immunity was altered prevents any conclusions in relation to the putative long-term effects that this juvenile hormone analog could have. Therefore, additional research would be necessary to confirm the safety of Fenoxycarb in non-arthropod species.
Effect of Distance from Target on Hypopituitarism After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Ironside Natasha , Snyder Harrison , Xu Zhiyuan , Schlesinger David , Chen Ching-Jen , Vance Mary Lee , Hong Gregory K. , Jane John A. , Sheehan Jason P.
Published: November 2021

IntroductionDelayed hypopituitarism is the most common complication after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pituitary adenomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the distance from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to the treatment target and anterior pituitary function preservation after SRS. MethodsBetween 2007 and 2020, consecutive adult patients who underwent single-session SRS for pituitary adenomas with ³6 months of follow-up were included. Distance measurements between hypothalamic-pituitary axis structures and the SRS target volume were quantified on MRI. The primary outcome was anterior pituitary function preservation. Outcomes were compared using multivariable regression and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) analyses. ResultsThe study cohort comprised 224 patients, who were categorized by preservation (n=168) and no preservation (n=56) of anterior pituitary function after SRS. Independent predictors of anterior pituitary function preservation were a greater distance between the center of the pituitary gland and center of the SRS target (OR=1.101 [1.000–1.213], p=0.050), and a shorter clinical follow-up duration (OR=0.985 [0.977–0.993], p<0.0001). The adjusted AUROC for the distance from the center of the pituitary gland and center of the SRS target in predicting anterior pituitary function preservation was 0.595. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in predicting anterior pituitary function preservation at the optimal cut-off distance of 15mm were 30.0%, 88.0%, 89.9% and 26.2%, respectively.ConclusionsGreater distance between the normal pituitary gland and the SRS target is associated with anterior pituitary function preservation and increasing this distance should be a goal of adenoma resection. Larger prospective, multi-center studies are necessary to corroborate this finding and establish the effects of distance on hypopituitarism after SRS for pituitary adenomas.
Long-term persistence of treatment after hip fracture in a fracture liaison service; recommending treatment during admission is more efficient
Authors: Naranjo Antonio , Molina Amparo , Quevedo Adrián , Rubiño Francisco J. , Sánchez-Alonso Fernando , Ojeda Soledad , Rodríguez-Lozano Carlos
Published: November 2021

Background

Long-term adherence to antiosteoporosis medication (AOM) in the setting of a fracture liaison service (FLS) are not well known.
Methods

Patients ≥50 with hip fracture seen in an FLS and recommended for treatment to prevent new fractures were analyzed. Baseline data included demographics, identification mode, previous treatment and FRAX® items. Patient records were reviewed 3-8 years later, and these data were collected: 1) survival; 2) major refracture; 3) initiation of treatment, proportion of days covered (PDC) and persistence with AOM.
Results

372 patients (mean age, 79 years; 76% women) were included. Mean follow-up was 47 months, 52 patients (14%) had a refracture (22 hip) and 129 (34.5%) died. AOM was started in 283 patients (76.0%). Factors associated with initiation of AOM were previous use of bisphosphonate (OR9.94;95%CI:1.29-76.32) and a lower T-score lumbar (OR 0.80;95%CI:0.65-0.99). Persistence decreased to 72.6%, 60% and 47% at 12, 36 and 60 months. A PDC>80% was confirmed in 208 patients (55.7%) and associated with previous use of bisphosphonate (OR3.38;95%CI:1.34-8.53), treatment with denosumab (OR2.69;95%CI:1.37-5.27), and inpatient identification (OR2.26; 95%CI:1.18-4.34).
Conclusions

Long-term persistence with AOM was optimal in patients with hip fracture seen at an FLS. A PDC>80% was associated with inpatient identification and prescription of denosumab.
The Clinical Outcomes of Keratoplasty in Irreversible Corneal Decompensation Secondary to Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome
Authors: Yu Ting , Hong Jing , Xiao Ge-ge , Peng Rong-mei
Published: November 2021

Porpose To evaluate the clinical outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in eyes with irreversible corneal decompensation secondary to Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS).Methods In this retrospective case series, a total of 4 eyes undergoing PK and 7 eyes undergoing DSAEK, including 1 eye requiring 1 repeat DEASK, between 2014 and 2021 were enrolled. Postoperative complications, graft survival, glaucoma treatment before and after keratoplasty, visual outcomes, and endothelial cell density were recorded.Results The mean follow-up duration was 33.4 ± 16.8 months. Before keratoplasty, the mean BCVA was 2.0 ± 0.4 LogMAR, and the mean IOP was 21.6 ± 8.1 mmHg. 63.6% of eyes (7/11) received glaucoma treatment, including 5 eyes with glaucoma surgeries. After keratoplasty, 27.3% of eyes (3/11) exhibited secondary graft failure. The mean BCVA reached a maximum of 0.7 ± 0.5 LogMAR at 8.9 ± 7.5 months, with no significant difference between the PK and DSAEK groups (P1=1.00, P2=0.12). Four eyes with previous glaucoma surgeries exhibited markedly high IOP. 72.7% of eyes (8/11) required additional glaucoma treatments. The mean endothelial cell loss (ECL) rates at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months were 43%, 49%, 63% and 54%, respectively, with no significant difference between the PK and DSAEK groups (P1=0.64, P2=1.00, P3=0.57, and P4=0.44).Conclusion Both PK and DSAEK can successfully treat corneal decompensation secondary to ARS, resulting in similar outcomes with regard to IOP control, BCVA and ECL. IOP control is essential for postoperative management, especially for eyes with previous glaucoma surgeries.
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Genetic Variants Are Associated With Risk And/Or Protection To Hospitalization Among Covid-19 Patients From Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: de Sá Nathalia Beatriz Ramos , Neira-Goulart Milena , Ribeiro-Alves Marcelo , Geraldo Kim Mattos , Ribeiro Maria Pia Diniz , Cardoso Sandra Wagner , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Veloso Valdiléa G. , Capão Artur , Siqueira Marilda Mendonça , Bezerra Ohanna Cavalcanti de Lima , Garcia Cristiana Couto , Gomes Larissa Rodrigues , Cazote Andressa da Silva , De Almeida Dalziza Victalina , Giacoia-Gripp Carmem Beatriz Wagner , Côrtes Fernanda Heloise , Morgado Mariza Gonçalves
Published: November 2021

Background
COVID-19 has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic to mild or moderate symptoms, reaching the most severe forms and death. The mechanisms underlying the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its clinical evolution are still unclear. Once SARS-CoV-2 infects individuals, host factors are activated by the presence of the virus inside the cells, such as the inflammasome system. The search of risk factors for COVID-19 is of relevance for clinical management. In this study, we investigated the impact of 11 single-base polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NLRP3, CARD8, AIM2, CASP-1, IFI16, and IL-1β inflammasome genes in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with distinct disease outcomes.
Methods
Patients were divided into two groups: (1) inpatients, with severe/critical disease (Hospitalized group, n=451), and (2) convalescent volunteers with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and a history of asymptomatic to mild symptoms (Mild group, n=43). Patients hospitalized were followed up at a Hospital Center for COVID-19 Pandemic – National Institute of Infectology (INI)/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from June 2020 to March 2021. The Mild group was recruited at Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC)/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2020. Genotyping of the SNPs was determined by Real-Time PCR. Protection and risk estimations were performed by unconditional logistic regression models.
Results
Among the genotyped SNPs, significant differences in the NLRP3 rs1539019 and rs10754558 frequencies were observed between the groups. The C/C genotype (ORadj=6.31; Padj=0.026) or allele C (ORadj=1.05; Padj=0.002) in rs1539019 polymorphism were associated with the risk for hospitalization, while the C/G genotype (ORadj=0.16; Padj=0.016) or carrier-G (ORadj=0.2; Padj=0.028) in rs10754558 polymorphism were associated with protection for hospitalization. Regarding the NLRP3 genetic variants, the A-C-G-C-G haplotype (ORadj=0.14; Padj= 0.030) was associated with protection for hospitalization. No significant association was observed for the other polymorphisms.
Conclusions
As of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the association of inflammasome NLRP3 variants with risk and/or protection for hospitalization in COVID-19. Studies linking the NLRP3 inflammasome and SARS-CoV-2 infection are still scarce due to the recent emergence of this pathogen. Our results contribute to the discussion of the impact of inflammasomes in the clinical evolution of COVID-19.
Pathological consequences of chronic olfactory inflammation on neurite morphology of olfactory bulb projection neurons
Authors: LaFever Brandon Joseph , Kawasawa Yuka Imamura , Ito Ayako , Imamura Fumiaki
Published: November 2021

Background : Chronic olfactory inflammation (COI) in conditions such as chronic rhinosinusitis significantly impairs the functional and anatomical components of the olfactory system. COI induced by intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in atrophy, gliosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the OB. Although chronic rhinosinusitis patients have smaller olfactory bulbs (OBs), the consequences of olfactory inflammation on OB neurons are largely unknown.
Methods : In this study, we investigated the neurological consequence of COI on OB projection neurons, mitral cells (MCs) and tufted cells (TCs). To induce COI, we performed unilateral intranasal administration of LPS to mice for 4 and 10 weeks. Effects of COI on the OB were examined using RNA-sequencing approaches and immunohistochemical analyses.
Results : We found that repeated LPS administration upregulated immune-related biological pathways in the OB after 4 weeks. We also determined that the length of TC lateral dendrites in the OB significantly decreased after 10 weeks of COI. The axon initial segment of TCs decreased in number and in length after 10 weeks of COI. The lateral dendrites and axon initial segments of MCs, however, were largely unaffected. In addition, dendritic arborization and axon initial segment reconstruction both took place following a 10-week recovery period.
Conclusion : Our findings suggests that olfactory inflammation specifically affects TCs and their integrated circuitry, whereas MCs are potentially protected from this condition. This data demonstrates unique characteristics of the OBs ability to undergo neuroplastic changes in response to stress.
Influence of reinforcing ribs on the deformed state of ellipsoidal shells under distributed load
Authors: Maiborodina Nataliia , Gerasymenko Viacheslav , Kovalov Oleksandr
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the problem about non-stationary oscillations of reinforced ellipsoidal shells, taking into account the discrete location of the ribs. Problem bases on a geometrically nonlinear variant of the Tymoshenko theory for shells and rods. A numerical method for solving problems of this class has been developed and substantiated. This article focuses on the location of the reinforcing ribs. On the basis of the developed numerical method the deformed state of discretely supported ellipsoidal shells for internal, external and internal-external placement of ribs is investigated. Boundary conditions for rigidly clamped edges of the shell were studied.
TRPV4-Activation Induced Nerve Fibers Injury Mediates the Memory Impairment After Noise Exposure
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Ju , Yang Chuanyan , Quan Yulian , Chen Xuezhu , Lei Xuejiao , Tan Liang , Feng Hua , Li Fei , Chen Tunan
Published: November 2021

Background: Excessive exposure to high-intensity, low-frequency noise (HI-LFN) causes vibroacoustic disease (VAD). Memory deficits is one non-auditory symptomatic effect found in humans and rodents with VAD, but the mechanism is largely unknown. This study was designed to explore the nerve fibers impairment in hippocampus and potential mechanism after HI-LFN exposure.Methods: HI-LFN injury model was established by exposing to noises with a frequency of 100, 150 or 200 Hz and a pressure level of 140dB. Adult male WT and TRPV4-/- mice were employed in present study. After HI-LFN exposure, the new object recognition task and the morris water maze were used for examining the memory impairment, HE staining was used to examine the holistic morphological changes hippocampus, immunofluorescence and western blot were used to the detect the change of nerve fibers in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 of the hippocampus.Results: The expression of TRPV4 was significantly upregulated in hippocampus after HI-LFN exposure. What’s more, prominent learning and memory deficits and lower neural cell density with injured nerve fibers in CA1 and DG areas of hippocampus were found in WT mice after HI-LFN exposure. However, TRPV4-/- mice showed better performance in learning and memory tests and more integrated nerve fibers in CA1 and DG areas after HI-LFN exposure compared with that in WT mice.Conclusions: Our data indicated a novel mechanism that the injury of neurons and nerve fibers in hippocampus might be the primary trigger of memory deficits after HI-LFN exposure, and TRPV4 activation plays crucial role in the injury of neurons and nerve fibers in hippocampus, those findings provide a promising therapeutic target for treating cognitive dysfunction after low frequency noise exposure.
The Summer Asia-North America Teleconnection and its Modulation by ENSO in Community Atmosphere Model, Version 5 (CAM5)
Authors: Malloy Kelsey , Kirtman Ben P.
Published: November 2021

Seasonal forecasts of summer continental United States (CONUS) rainfall have relatively low skill, partly due to a lack of consensus about its sources of predictability. The East Asian monsoon (EAM) can excite a cross-Pacific Rossby wave train, also known as the Asia-North America (ANA) teleconnection. In this study, we analyze the ANA teleconnection in observations and model simulations from the Community Atmospheric Model, version 5 (CAM5), comparing experiments with prescribed climatological SSTs and prescribed observed SSTs. Observations indicate a statistically significant relationship between a strong EAM and increased probability of positive precipitation anomalies over the U.S. west coast and the Plains-Midwest. The ANA teleconnection and CONUS rainfall patterns are improved in the CAM5 experiment with prescribed observed SSTs, suggesting that SST variability is necessary to simulate this teleconnection over CONUS. We find distinct ANA patterns between ENSO phases, with the La Niña-related patterns in CAM5_obsSST disagreeing with observations. Using linear steady-state quasi-geostrophic theory, we conclude that incorrect EAM forcing location greatly contributed to CAM5 biases, and jet stream disparities explained the ENSO-related biases. Finally, we compared EAM forcing experiments with different mean states using a simple dry nonlinear atmospheric general circulation model. Overall, the ANA pattern over CONUS and its modulation by ENSO forcing are well described by dry dynamics on seasonal-to-interannual timescales, including the constructive (destructive) interference between El Niño (La Niña) modulation and the ANA patterns over CONUS.