bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disease and mortality among great bustards (Otis tarda ) at Whipsnade Wild Animal Park, 1989 to 1999
Authors: Bailey T. A. , Flach E. J.
Published: October 2010

Between 1989 and 1999,351 clinical examinations and six postmortem examinations were made on the six great bustards (Otis tarda ) maintained at the Whipsnade Wild Animal Park. Soft tissue‐related traumatic injuries accounted for 35 per cent of all the clinical findings, musculoskeletal disorders accounted for 26 per cent, and lameness was one of the main reasons for a veterinary examination. Poor condition accounted for 30 per cent of the clinical findings and was associated with periods of cold wet weather during the winter and spring; the affected birds were isolated and provided with nutritional support. Haemosiderosis and haemochromatosis were observed in four of the five birds from which samples were taken for histopathology.
Changes in thermal threshold response in eight cats after administration of buprenorphine, butorphanol and morphine
Authors: Robertson S. A. , Taylor P. M. , Lascelles B. D. X. , Dixon M. J.
Published: October 2010

Thermal thresholds were measured in eight cats after the intramuscular administration of morphine (0.2 mg/kg), buprenorphine (0.01 mg/kg) or butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg), doses commonly used in clinical practice; 0.9 per cent saline (0.3 ml) was injected as a control. Groups of six cats were used and each cat participated in at least two treatments, according to a randomised design. The investigator was blinded to the treatments. The thermal thresholds were measured with a testing device developed specifically for cats, and measurements were made before and five, 30, 45 and 60 minutes and two, four, six, 12 and 24 hours after the injections. There was no significant change in thermal threshold after the injection of saline. With butorphanol, the threshold was increased only at five minutes after the injection and was decreased two hours after the injection; with morphine it was increased from between four and six hours after the injection, and with buprenorphine it was increased from between four and 12 hours after the injection.
Idiopathic granulomatous pneumonia in seven horses
Authors: Pusterla N. , Pesavento P. A. , Smith P. , Durando M. M. , Magdesian K. G. , Wilson W. D.
Published: October 2010

The history, clinical signs and pathological findings in seven adult horses with histologically confirmed idiopathic granulomatous disease, primarily of the lungs, are reviewed. They ranged in age from eight to 21 years, five were geldings and two were females, they belonged to five breeds and there were no seasonal or geographical associations. The primary clinical signs were chronic weight loss, exercise intolerance and respiratory distress which did not respond to conventional treatment. The most consistent physical findings were depression, anorexia, tachycardia, tachypnoea and adventitious lung sounds. Thoracic radiographs revealed a diffuse, structured, nodular, interstitial pulmonary pattern in each horse. Haematological measurements suggested a chronic inflammatory process and the cytology of transtracheal washes was consistent with a mild suppurative inflammation. Idiopathic granulomatous pneumonia was confirmed histologically in each of the horses, either postmortem or by a lung biopsy. The horses responded poorly to medical treatment and only one of three treated horses is still alive.
Effects of vaccination and other preventive methods forSalmonellaEnteritidis on commercial laying chicken farms
Authors: Davies R. , Breslin M.
Published: October 2010

The effect of introducing vaccinated commercial laying chickens on to farms, which previously had laying flocks that were infected withSalmonellaEnteritidis, was investigated by sampling faeces and environmental samples, and in some cases spent hens. In 15 of 17 free‐range flocks vaccination eliminated any evidence of infection. In 11 barn egg production flocks, vaccination produced similar results in four flocks on one farm but infection persisted in seven flocks on other farms. Vaccination of two consecutive cage layer flocks led to a gradual disappearance of the infection, but in 18 other flocks there was evidence of infection after vaccination. In one continuously occupied cage layer house, treatment by competitive exclusion was followed by a gradual disappearance of S Enteritidis in faeces and a substantial reduction in its levels in the environment. On four barn egg production sites disinfection with a formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant eliminatedSalmonellaspecies even though birds housed subsequently were not vaccinated. In three flocks that had been vaccinated for four years, S Enteritidis was still present. In most cases the poor performance of the vaccine was associated with severe rodent control problems and a poor standard of cleaning and disinfection.
Mycoplasma canis and urogenital disease in dogs in Norway
Authors: L'Abee‐Lund T. M. , Heiene R. , Friis N. R. , Ahrens P. , Sørum H.
Published: October 2010

Mycoplasmas identified asMycoplasma caniswere isolated from nine dogs with clinical signs of urogenital disease in Norway over a period of 20 months. Some of the dogs had been treated unsuccessfully with antibiotics, and three were euthanased as a result of severe persistent disease. Seven of the dogs had a urinary tract infection, one had chronic purulent epididymitis and one had chronic prostatitis. Overt haematuria was frequently observed among the dogs with cystitis.M caniswas isolated in pure culture from seven of the dogs and in mixed culture from the other two. In three cases the mycoplasma was cultivated only from urinary sediment, and it was typically obtained in smaller numbers than would be considered indicative of a urinary tract infection. In contrast with most mycoplasmas, theM canisisolated from all the dogs grew on ordinary blood agar plates used for routine bacteriological cultivation. Specific mycoplasma media were not used and the presence of otherMycoplasmaorUreaplasmaspecies cannot be excluded.
Giant ichthyosaurs of the Early Jurassic
Authors: McGowan Chris
Published: October 2010

Temnodontosaurus platyodon, from the English lower Liassic (Hettangian and Sinemurian), is a large ichthyosaur that reached an estimated length of almost 9 m (29 ft). Although represented by at least 13 specimens, few are complete, and the species cannot be described as well known. A similarly sized species from the upper Liassic (Toarcian) of Germany has hitherto been referred to a separate genus, but is shown here to be referable to Temnodontosaurus. This species, T. burgundiae, shares several features in common with T. platyodon, including a small orbit, modestly sized teeth, a relatively long maxilla, forefins probably with four or less digits, notching in at least some of the elements of the first digit, a distally expanded humerus, and a discrete pubis and ischium. An emended diagnosis is given for Temnodontosaurus. Poorly known giants from the English lower Liassic, represented only by isolated teeth and girdle elements, may have reached lengths of 15 m (49 ft). This at least equals the size of the largest known ichthyosaur, Shonisaurus. These mysticete-sized reptiles may have fed upon other ichthyosaurs.
MAXIMAL SUPERSYMMETRY AND EXCEPTIONAL GROUPS
Authors: BRINK LARS
Published: October 2010

The article is a tribute to my old mentor, collaborator and friend Murray Gell-Mann. In it I describe work by P. Ramond, S.-S. Kim and myself where we describe the [Formula: see text] supergravity in the light-cone formalism. We show how the Cremmer–Julia E7(7) nonlinear symmetry is implemented and how the full supermultiplet is a representation of the E7(7) symmetry. I also show how the E7(7) symmetry is a key to understand the higher order couplings in the theory and is very useful when we discuss possible counterterms for this theory.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF EDGE FILTER USING ABSORBED ZnS SINGLE LAYER PREPARED BY FLASH EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: HABUBI NADIR F. , MISHJIL KHUDHEIR A. , RASHID HAYFA G. , MANSOUR H. L.
Published: October 2010

Long-wave pass edge filter of high transmittance and wide bandpass have been designed and fabricated using on a single weakly absorbed ZnS thin film material of thickness of about 300 nm which was prepared by using the flash evaporation technique. The design was based on characteristic matrix theory, taking into account the effect of dispersion phenomena for all spectral wavelength.
PREDICTING AND EXPLAINING Tc AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF BCS SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: COHEN MARVIN L.
Published: October 2010

After providing some history and background material regarding the evolution of research on superconductivity, a description of the use of the BCS theory for the development of approaches for calculations and predictions of superconducting properties will be given. The emphasis is on estimates of Tc raising Tc, and predicting new superconductors. The basic analysis will be based on the BCS formalism with modern extensions. The focus here is on phonon mediated pairing of electrons as described in the original BCS paper augmented by current modifications and the use of modern calculational approaches.
CHAOTIC POLYNOMIALS ON SEQUENCE AND FUNCTION SPACES
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-GIMÉNEZ F. , PERIS A.
Published: October 2010

We study chaos in the sense of Devaney for two models of polynomials (homogeneous and non-homogeneous) of arbitrary degree, defined on certain sequence spaces. Consequences are also obtained for the chaotic dynamics of the corresponding polynomials on some function spaces.
ON INVARIANT ε-SCRAMBLED SETS
Authors: BALIBREA FRANCISCO , GUIRAO JUAN L. G. , OPROCHA PIOTR
Published: October 2010

This article is devoted to the study of invariant ε-scrambled sets. We show that every topologically mixing map with at least one fixed point contains at least one such set. Additionally we show that this condition can be weakened in the case of symbolic dynamics, e.g. mixing can be replaced by transitivity. Some relations between mixing and proximal relation are also studied.
CHAOTIC ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF THE HYPERBOLIC HEAT TRANSFER EQUATION SOLUTIONS
Authors: CONEJERO J. A. , PERIS A. , TRUJILLO M.
Published: October 2010

We describe the periodic solutions and study the chaotic behavior of the solution semigroup of a Cauchy problem corresponding to the hyperbolic heat transfer equation.
ANALYZING WHEN THE DYNAMIC PARRONDO'S PARADOX IS NOT POSSIBLE
Authors: CÁNOVAS JOSE S.
Published: October 2010

The dynamic Parrondo's paradox, which establishes the possibility of combining two chaotic systems to produce a simple one (or vice versa), is analyzed. In particular, we find properties such that the paradox is impossible. Some additional problems are pointed out.
EQUATIONAL PROPERTY OF CERTAIN TRANSFORMATION MONOIDS
Authors: LI JIAN RONG , LUO YAN FENG
Published: October 2010

The monoid of extensive transformations of a chain of order four is shown to be finitely based and a finite basis for this monoid is given. This completes the description of the equational property of the monoids of all full extensive transformations, partial extensive transformations, and partial order-preserving extensive transformations over any finite chain.
CONFORMAL INVARIANCE OF THE WRITHE OF A KNOT
Authors: LANGEVIN R. , O'HARA J.
Published: October 2010

We give a new proof of the conformal invariance of the writhe of a knot from a conformal geometric vewpoint.
A NUMERICAL INVARIANT FOR TWO COMPONENT SPATIAL GRAPHS
Authors: HORIUCHI SUMIKO , OHYAMA YOSHIYUKI
Published: October 2010

We define an invariant for two component spatial graphs. Although the definition of the invariant is alike a linking number, it is different from the absolute value of a linking number. We show that the invariant is not a finite type invariant.
UNKNOTTING SINGULAR CHARTS WITH NO BLACK VERTICES BY REDUCING NODE-PAIRS
Authors: NAKAMURA INASA
Published: October 2010

We determine whether singular charts without black vertices can be deformed to the trivial chart by reducing node-pairs only. It is not true if the degree of the singular chart is at least four, while it is true if the degree is at most three.
CONSTRUCTION OF INVARIANTS OF CURVES AND FRONTS USING WORD THEORY
Authors: ITO NOBORU
Published: October 2010

We construct an infinite sequence of invariants for surface curves by using the word theory introduced by Turaev. We modify these invariants to various classes of curves: plane closed curves, long curves and fronts. For a plane closed curve, for example, these modified invariants contain Arnold's basic invariants. We also discuss how curves are classified by these modified invariants.
Knowledge Economy in India: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Bhattacharya Sonali
Published: October 2010

India, along with some of the other middle low income countries like Brazil, Russia, China and the Republic of Korea is competing with high income developed nations like USA and Japan in the knowledge sector. India has to its advantage a big pool of knowledge workers like scientists, engineers, and researchers available at low cost. The pertinent question is whether the flow of knowledge has resulted in inclusive growth. This research paper is a critical analysis of the challenges and opportunities on the pathway to India's journey towards becoming a global leader in knowledge economy with respect to the four pillars as defined by the Knowledge Assessment Model (KAM) of the World Bank, namely, economic and institutional regime, education, information and communication technology, and innovation.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policy: A Quantitative Assessment for Sustainable Development
Authors: Mohamed Mirghani S. , Mohamed Mona A. , O'Sullivan Kevin J.
Published: October 2010

Four critical factors have been evaluated for their ranked importance and general effects on sustainable development. However, the main purpose of this paper is to quantitatively assess the criticality of ICT policy, and how related attributes affect sustainable development. One main hypothesis about the ICT policy has been tested, and the effects of the related variables and their interactions have been assessed. This research is carried out using surveys and interviews among a sustainable development community.

It has been found that ICT policy is critical for leveraging knowledge for sustainable development. However, ICT policy ranked the least important compared to the other three factors. For ICT policy to be successful in leveraging knowledge, it must be tailored to both organisation and national-specific Knowledge Management (KM) strategies. It has been found that there are no coherent frameworks for participation of community and other organisations in the international development community surveyed. The communication of indigenous knowledge into formal work, the inclusion of local content and languages, the lack of trust between organisations and the conformity with policies are found to be common problems in a international development community. Progress towards sustainable development requires a rigorous ICT policy, combined with strict regulations, to encourage Integrated Information and Communication Technologies Infrastructure (IICTI) investment, acquisition and usage.

This paper attempts to evaluate ICT policy on the mobilisation of knowledge for sustainable development purposes. It will be valuable for sustainable development decision makers to consider these findings as guidance for issues related to ICT planning and KM activities.
A Multi-Dimensional Knowledge Management Systems Planning Approach
Authors: Aidemark Jan
Published: October 2010

The paper presents a strategic planning approach for knowledge management systems. This research approaches the problem of failing KMS's by focusing on the planning phase. The result can be summarised as a set of frameworks for the strategic planning of knowledge management systems, i.e. information systems for the support of organisational knowledge processes. The approach is built on a broad set of theory, which has been used to discuss issues in KM/KMS from very broad perspectives. We approach the problem area from a strategic point of view, assuming that the problems of the area are based on a socio-technical dimension and that a multiple-paradigm approach is necessary for dealing with the problems of the various KM areas.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT TEACHING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO: EVOLVING APPROACHES TO DIFFERENT NEEDS
Authors: SÁNCHEZ LUIS E.
Published: October 2010

This paper documents the experience of teaching environmental impact assessment (EIA) to undergraduate students at Escola Politécnica, an engineering school in Brazil, where EIA was first introduced as a graduate course in 1990, evolving to be taught as an undergraduate course. Learning objectives, course contents and teaching approaches are described. The courses have always sought to prevent a "legal trap" in teaching EIA, i.e. shaping the contents and the approach upon the applicable legal requirements, as it is assumed that, ultimately, EIA is not practiced because of laws, but because society calls for environmentally and socially responsible decision-making. Given the limited literature on EIA education, the paper also hopes to stimulate further reflection and debate on the role of teaching in enhancing environmental assessment practice and in improving its effectiveness and disseminating best practices.
IS ALL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE? A COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF SOME PROCUREMENT PROJECTS
Authors: WILLIS K. G.
Published: October 2010

This paper outlines sustainable procurement policy, which aims to benefit society and the economy and minimise damage to the environment. It uses cost-benefit analysis to evaluate a variety of sustainable procurement policies (road construction, video conferencing, LED traffic lights, and utilising unemployed people). It shows under what conditions sustainable procurement is likely to benefit the economy and society. The paper also reveals the impact of project life, the discount rate, and the social price of carbon in determining the social profitability of some sustainable procurement policies. It reveals that the social profitability of projects is mixed, and suggests that sustainable development policy in the UK is running ahead of the evidence base.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PRECLONES BY MATRIX COLLECTIONS
Authors: Lehtonen Erkko
Published: October 2010

Preclones are described as the closed classes of the Galois connection induced by a preservation relation between operations and matrix collections. The Galois closed classes of matrix collections are also described by explicit closure conditions.
ON FREE AND PROJECTIVE S-SPACES AND FLOWS OVER A TOPOLOGICAL MONOID
Authors: Khosravi Behnam
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we study free and projective flows and S-spaces, and we characterize free and projective flows over a compact topological monoid S. Similarly, we characterize the same objects in the category of S-spaces for an arbitrary topological monoid S. In fact, we show that any projective S-space is topologically isomorphic to ⊕iϵISei where ei are idempotents in S and ⊕ iϵISei denotes the discrete topological sum of the underlying space of Sei. This is the same result as the category S-Act that the projective objects in this category are the coproducts of Sei's, where ei are idempotents in S.
IDEALS OF C-ALGEBRAS
Authors: Kalesha Vali S. , Sundarayya P. , Swamy U. M.
Published: October 2010

The notion of an ideal in a C -algebra is introduced and proved that the set of all ideals forms an algebraic distributive lattice under the set inclusion ordering.
ELEMENTS WITH SQUARE ROOTS IN COMPACT GROUPS
Authors: Russo Francesco G.
Published: October 2010

The probability that a randomly chosen element has a square root is studied in [1, 2, 8] in the finite case. Here we deal with the infinite case.
Transcription factor Nrf2 regulates SHP and lipogenic gene expression in hepatic lipid metabolism
Authors: Huang Jiansheng , Tabbi-Anneni Imene , Gunda Viswanath , Wang Li
Published: October 2010

Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a pivotal role in cytoprotection against both endogenous and exogenous stresses. Here, we establish a novel molecular link between Nrf2, nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP; NROB2), lipogenic genes, and hepatic lipid homeostasis. Deletion of Nrf2 ( Nrf2−/−) in mice resulted in a reduced liver weight, a decrease in fatty acid content of hepatic triacylglycerol, as well as concomitant increases in the levels of serum VLDL-triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol, and ketone bodies at 6 mo of age. Liver weight and hepatic TG content were consistently lower in Nrf2−/−mice upon a high-fat challenge. This phenotype was accompanied by downregulation of genes in lipid synthesis and uptake and upregulation of genes in lipid oxidation in older Nrf2−/−mice. Interestingly, SHP expression was induced with age in Nrf2+/+mice but decreased by Nrf2 deficiency. Forced expression and activation of Nrf2 by Nrf2 activators consistently induced SHP expression, and Nrf2 was identified as a novel activator of the SHP gene transcription. We also identified PPAR-γ, Fas, Scd1, and Srebp-1 as direct targets of Nrf2 activation. These findings provide evidence for a role of Nrf2 in the modulation of hepatic lipid homeostasis through transcriptional activation of SHP and lipogenic gene expression.
Vertical distribution of specific ventilation in normal supine humans measured by oxygen-enhanced proton MRI
Authors: Sá Rui Carlos , Cronin Matthew V. , Cortney Henderson A. , Holverda Sebastiaan , Theilmann Rebecca J. , Arai Tatsuya J. , Dubowitz David J. , Hopkins Susan R. , Buxton Richard B. , Kim Prisk G.
Published: October 2010

Specific ventilation (SV) is the ratio of fresh gas entering a lung region divided by its end-expiratory volume. To quantify the vertical (gravitationally dependent) gradient of SV in eight healthy supine subjects, we implemented a novel proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method. Oxygen is used as a contrast agent, which in solution changes the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) in lung tissue. Thus alterations in the MR signal resulting from the regional rise in O2concentration following a sudden change in inspired O2reflect SV—lung units with higher SV reach a new equilibrium faster than those with lower SV. We acquired T1-weighted inversion recovery images of a sagittal slice of the supine right lung with a 1.5-T MRI system. Images were voluntarily respiratory gated at functional residual capacity; 20 images were acquired with the subject breathing air and 20 breathing 100% O2, and this cycle was repeated five times. Expired tidal volume was measured simultaneously. The SV maps presented an average spatial fractal dimension of 1.13 ± 0.03. There was a vertical gradient in SV of 0.029 ± 0.012 cm−1, with SV being highest in the dependent lung. Dividing the lung vertically into thirds showed a statistically significant difference in SV, with SV of 0.42 ± 0.14 (mean ± SD), 0.29 ± 0.10, and 0.24 ± 0.08 in the dependent, intermediate, and nondependent regions, respectively (all differences, P < 0.05). This vertical gradient in SV is consistent with the known gravitationally induced deformation of the lung resulting in greater lung expansion in the dependent lung with inspiration. This SV imaging technique can be used to quantify regional SV in the lung with proton MRI.
Assessment of Aerosol Radiative Impact over Oceanic Regions Adjacent to Indian Subcontinent Using Multisatellite Analysis
Authors: Satheesh S. K. , Vinoj V. , Krishnamoorthy K.
Published: October 2010

Using data from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments, we have retrieved regional distribution of aerosol column single scattering albedo (parameter indicative of the relative dominance of aerosol absorption and scattering effects), a most important, but least understood aerosol property in assessing its climate impact. Consequently we provide improved assessment of short wave aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) (on both regional and seasonal scales) estimates over this region. Large gradients in north‐south ARF were observed as a consequence of gradients in single scattering albedo as well as aerosol optical depth. The highest ARF (–37 W m−2 at the surface) was observed over the northern Arabian Sea during June to August period (JJA). In general, ARF was higher over northern Bay of Bengal (NBoB) during winter and premonsoon period, whereas the ARF was higher over northern Arabian Sea (NAS) during the monsoon and postmonsoon period. The largest forcing observed over NAS during JJA is the consequence of large amounts of desert dust transported from the west Asian dust sources. High as well as seasonally invariant aerosol single scattering albedos (~0.98) were observed over the southern Indian Ocean region far from continents. The ARF estimates based on direct measurements made at a remote island location, Minicoy (8.3∘N, 73∘E) in the southern Arabian Sea are in good agreement with the estimates made following multisatellite analysis.
On Maximal and Minimal Fuzzy Sets in I‐Topological Spaces
Authors: Al Ghour Samer
Published: October 2010

The notion of maximal fuzzy open sets is introduced. Some basic properties and relationships regarding this notion and other notions of I‐topology are given. Moreover, some deep results concerning the known minimal fuzzy open sets concept are given.
Dermoscopic Features of Eccrine Porocarcinoma Arising from Hidroacanthoma Simplex
Authors: Suzaki Reiko , Shioda Takeaki , Konohana Izumi , Ishizaki Sumiko , Sawada Mizuki , Tanaka Masaru
Published: October 2010

Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare cutaneous neoplasm that mainly affects elderly people and grows slowly over a long period of time but often experiences an accelerated growth phase. Eccrine porocarcinoma may arise de novo or evolve from a pre‐existing benign eccrine poroma. We reported a 86‐year‐old Japanese woman presenting with two reddish‐colored pendulated lesions on a keratotic light brown plaque on the right thigh. Dermoscopic examination of the light‐brown plaque demonstrated many whitish globular structures in a light‐brown background. At the two reddish‐colored pendulated lesions, polymorphous and prominent vessel proliferation was observed together with irregularly shaped whitish negative network. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated a positive CEA staining at ductal structures and atypical clear cells of reddish nodules. A diagnosis of eccrine porocarcinoma arising in a pigmented hidroacanthoma simplex was eventually established, and the dermoscopic features of eccrine porocarcinoma from hidroacanthoma simplex was described for the first time.
Multiple Positive Solutions of a Second Order Nonlinear Semipositone m‐Point Boundary Value Problem on Time Scales
Authors: Yuan Chengjun , Liu Yongming
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we study a general second‐order m‐point boundary value problem for nonlinear singular dynamic equation on time scales uΔ∇(t) + a(t)uΔ(t) + b(t)u(t) + λq(t)f(t, u(t)) = 0, t ∈ (0,1) 𝕋, u(ρ(0)) = 0, . This paper shows the existence of multiple positive solutions if f is semipositone and superlinear. The arguments are based upon fixed‐point theorems in a cone.
Total Laparoscopic Conservative Surgery for an Intramural Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Nabeshima Hiroshi , Nishimoto Mitsuo , Utsunomiya Hiroki , Arai Maiko , Ugajin Tomohisa , Terada Yukihiro , Yaegashi Nobuo
Published: October 2010

A 38-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 1 with a history of a left salpingectomy for an ectopic pregnancy was admitted for treatment of a presumed ectopic pregnancy. Transvaginal sonography revealed an ill-defined gestational sac and fetal heart beat within the fundal myometrium adjacent to the left cornua. Laparoscopy was performed for a suspected left cornual pregnancy or intramural pregnancy. A cystic mass 3 cm in diameter was visible within the fundal myometrium. Total laparoscopic removal of the gestational sac was performed, and the uterus was preserved. Pathologic evaluation of the excised mass demonstrated chorionic villi involving the myometrium. In the literature, only one other case describing the laparoscopic removal of an intramural pregnancy has been reported. However, in the prior report, the patient still required hysterectomy after conservative surgery. Therefore, this is the first report of the successful treatment of an intramural pregnancy exclusively with laparoscopy.
A Diagrammatic Temperley‐Lieb Categorification
Authors: Elias Ben
Published: October 2010

The monoidal category of Soergel bimodules categorifies the Hecke algebra of a finite Weyl group. In the case of the symmetric group, morphisms in this category can be drawn as graphs in the plane. We define a quotient category, also
given in terms of planar graphs, which categorifies the Temperley‐Lieb algebra. Certain ideals appearing in this quotient are related both to the 1‐skeleton of the Coxeter complex and to the topology of 2D cobordisms. We demonstrate how further subquotients of this category will categorify the irreducible modules of the Temperley‐Lieb algebra.
On Semi‐Uniform Kadec‐Klee Banach Spaces
Authors: Saejung Satit , Gao Ji
Published: October 2010

Inspired by the concept of U‐spaces introduced by Lau, (1978), we
introduced the class of semi‐uniform Kadec‐Klee spaces, which is a uniform
version of semi‐Kadec‐Klee spaces studied by Vlasov, (1972). This class of spaces
is a wider subclass of spaces with weak normal structure and hence generalizes
many known results in the literature. We give a characterization for a certain
direct sum of Banach spaces to be semi‐uniform Kadec‐Klee and use this result
to construct a semi‐uniform Kadec‐Klee space which is not uniform Kadec‐Klee. At the end of the paper, we give a remark concerning the uniformly
alternative convexity or smoothness introduced by Kadets et al., (1997).
On Stability of Parametrized Families of Polynomials and Matrices
Authors: Akyar Handan , Büyükköroğlu Taner , Dzhafarov Vakıf
Published: October 2010

The Schur and Hurwitz stability problems for a parametric polynomial family as well as the Schur stability problem for a compact set of real matrix family are considered. It is established that the Schur stability of a family of real matrices𝒜is equivalent to the nonsingularity of the family {A2− 2tA+I:A∈𝒜,t∈ [−1, 1]} if𝒜has at least one stable member. Based on the Bernstein expansion of a multivariable polynomial and extremal properties of a multilinear function, fast algorithms are suggested.
Applications of Photocatalytic Disinfection
Authors: Gamage Joanne , Zhang Zisheng
Published: October 2010

Due to the superior ability of photocatalysis to inactivate a wide range of harmful microorganisms, it is being examined as a viable alternative to traditional disinfection methods such as chlorination, which can produce harmful byproducts. Photocatalysis is a versatile and effective process that can be adapted for use in many applications for disinfection in both air and water matrices. Additionally, photocatalytic surfaces are being developed and tested for use in the context of “self-disinfecting” materials. Studies on the photocatalytic technique for disinfection demonstrate this process to have potential for widespread applications in indoor air and environmental health, biological, and medical applications, laboratory and hospital applications, pharmaceutical and food industry, plant protection applications, wastewater and effluents treatment, and drinking water disinfection. Studies on photocatalytic disinfection using a variety of techniques and test organisms are reviewed, with an emphasis on the end-use application of developed technologies and methods.
Effects of Time Delay and Noise on Asymptotic Stability in Human Quiet Standing Model
Authors: Wang Caihong , Xu Jian
Published: October 2010

A human quiet standing stability is discussed in this paper. The model under consideration is proposed to be a delayed differential equation (DDE) with multiplicative white noise perturbation. The method of the center manifold is generalized to reduce a delayed differential equation to a two‐dimensional ordinary differential equation, to study delay‐induced instability or Hopf bifurcation. Then, the stochastic average method is employed to obtain the Itô equation. Thus, the top Lyapunov exponent is calculated and the necessary and sufficient condition of the asymptotic stability in views of probability one is obtained. The results show that the exponent is related to not only the strength of noise but also the delay, namely, the reaction speed of brain. The effect of the strength of noise on the human quiet standing losing stability is weak for a small delay. With the delay increasing, such effect becomes stronger and stronger. A small change in the strength of noise may destabilize the quiet standing for a large delay. It implies that a person with slow reaction is easy to lose the stability of his/her quiet standing.
Getting a Suitable Terminal Cost and Maximizing the Terminal Region for MPC
Authors: Ya-feng Wang , Fu-chun Sun , You-an Zhang , Hua-ping Liu , Haibo Min
Published: October 2010

The model predictive control (MPC) subject to control and state constraint is studied. Given a terminal cost, a terminal region is obtained through iterative estimation by using support vector machine (SVM). It is proved that the obtained terminal region is the largest terminal region when the terminal cost is given. The relationships between terminal cost and terminal region and between terminal cost and total cost are discussed, respectively. Based on these relationships, a simple method to get a suitable terminal cost is proposed and it can be adjusted according to our need. Finally, some experiment results are presented.
Oscillation Behavior of a Class of Second‐Order Dynamic Equations with Damping on Time Scales
Authors: Chen Weisong , Han Zhenlai , Sun Shurong , Li Tongxing
Published: October 2010

By using a Riccati transformation and inequality, we present some new oscillation
theorems for the second‐order nonlinear dynamic equation with damping on time scales. An example illustrating the importance of our results is also included.
Prominent Human Health Impacts from Several Marine Microbes: History, Ecology, and Public Health Implications
Authors: Bienfang P. K. , DeFelice S. V. , Laws E. A. , Brand L. E. , Bidigare R. R. , Christensen S. , Trapido-Rosenthal H. , Hemscheidt T. K. , McGillicuddy D. J. , Anderson D. M. , Solo-Gabriele H. M. , Boehm A. B. , Backer L. C.
Published: October 2010

This paper overviews several examples of important public health impacts by marine microbes and directs readers to the extensive literature germane to these maladies. These examples include three types of dinoflagellates (Gambierdiscusspp.,Karenia brevis, andAlexandrium fundyense), BMAA-producing cyanobacteria, and infectious microbes. The dinoflagellates are responsible for ciguatera fish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, and paralytic shellfish poisoning, respectively, that have plagued coastal populations over time. Research interest on the potential for marine cyanobacteria to contribute BMAA into human food supplies has been derived by BMAA's discovery in cycad seeds and subsequent implication as the putative cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism dementia complex among the Chamorro people of Guam. Recent UPLC/MS analyses indicate that recent reports that BMAA is prolifically distributed among marine cyanobacteria at high concentrations may be due to analyte misidentification in the analytical protocols being applied for BMAA. Common infectious microbes (including enterovirus, norovirus,Salmonella,Campylobacter,Shigella,Staphylococcus aureus,Cryptosporidium, andGiardia) cause gastrointestinal and skin-related illness. These microbes can be introduced from external human and animal sources, or they can be indigenous to the marine environment.
Paradoxes in Acupuncture Research: Strategies for Moving Forward
Authors: Langevin Helene M. , Wayne Peter M. , MacPherson Hugh , Schnyer Rosa , Milley Ryan M. , Napadow Vitaly , Lao Lixing , Park Jongbae , Harris Richard E. , Cohen Misha , Sherman Karen J. , Haramati Aviad , Hammerschlag Richard
Published: October 2010

In November 2007, the Society for Acupuncture Research (SAR) held an international symposium to mark the 10th anniversary of the 1997 NIH Consensus Development Conference on Acupuncture. The symposium presentations revealed the considerable maturation of the field of acupuncture research, yet two provocative paradoxes emerged. First, a number of well‐designed clinical trials have reported that true acupuncture is superior to usual care, but does not significantly outperform sham acupuncture, findings apparently at odds with traditional theories regarding acupuncture point specificity. Second, although many studies using animal and human experimental models have reported physiological effects that vary as a function of needling parameters (e.g., mode of stimulation) the extent to which these parameters influence therapeutic outcomes in clinical trials is unclear. This White Paper, collaboratively written by the SAR Board of Directors, identifies gaps in knowledge underlying the paradoxes and proposes strategies for their resolution through translational research. We recommend that acupuncture treatments should be studied (1) “top down” as multi‐component “whole‐system” interventions and (2) “bottom up” as mechanistic studies that focus on understanding how individual treatment components interact and translate into clinical and physiological outcomes. Such a strategy, incorporating considerations of efficacy, effectiveness and qualitative measures, will strengthen the evidence base for such complex interventions as acupuncture.
A Liposomal Formulation Able to Incorporate a High Content of Paclitaxel and Exert Promising Anticancer Effect
Authors: Kan Pei , Tsao Chih-Wan , Wang Ae-June , Su Wu-Chou , Liang Hsiang-Fa
Published: October 2010

A liposome formulation for paclitaxel was developed in this study. The liposomes, composed of naturally unsaturated and hydrogenated phosphatidylcholines, with significant phase transition temperature difference, were prepared and characterized. The liposomes exhibited a high content of paclitaxel, which was incorporated within the segregated microdomains coexisting on phospholipid bilayer of liposomes. As much as 15% paclitaxel to phospholipid molar ratio were attained without precipitates observed during preparation. In addition, the liposomes remained stable in liquid form at 4 for at least 6 months. The special composition of liposomal membrane which could reduce paclitaxel aggregation could account for such a capacity and stability. The cytotoxicity of prepared paclitaxel liposomes on the colon cancer C-26 cell culture was comparable to Taxol. Acute toxicity test revealed that L for intravenous bolus injection in mice exceeded by 40 mg/kg. In antitumor efficacy study, the prepared liposomal paclitaxel demonstrated the increase in the efficacy against human cancer in animal model. Taken together, the novel formulated liposomes can incorporate high content of paclitaxel, remaining stable for long-term storage. These animal data also demonstrate that the liposomal paclitaxel is promising for further clinical use.
Colorectal Stenting in Malignant Large Bowel Obstruction: The Learning Curve
Authors: Williams D. , Law R. , Pullyblank A. M.
Published: October 2010

Aim. Self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) are increasingly used for the palliation of metastatic colorectal cancer and as a bridge to surgery for obstructing tumours. This case series analyses the learning curve and changes in practice of colorectal stenting over a three year period.Methods. A study of 40 patients who underwent placement of SEMS for the management of colorectal cancer. Patients spanned the learning curve of a single surgeon endoscopist.Results. Technical success rates increased from 82% initially, using an average of 1.7 stents per procedure, to a 94% success rate where all patients were stented using a single stent. There has been a change in practice from elective palliative stenting toward emergency preoperative stenting.Conclusion. There is a steep learning curve for the use of SEMS in the management of malignant colorectal bowel obstruction. We suggest that at least 20 cases are required for an operator to be considered experienced.
Targeting RET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activation in Cancer
Authors: Phay John E. , Shah Manisha H.
Published: October 2010

After ligand binding induces dimerization, the RET receptor tyrosine kinase activates multiple signal transduction pathways. Constitutively activating mutations and chromosomal rearrangements are the primary oncogenic event in a significant number of medullary thyroid cancers (MTC) and papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), respectively. When specific germline mutations in RET are identified early, prophylactic thyroidectomy can be timed to remove at-risk tissue in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN2) syndromes who would otherwise develop MTC. Conventional therapy for progressive metastatic MTC is limited. Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors can target multiple kinases at nanomolar concentrations, including RET, and have shown efficacy against a variety of malignancies. Initial clinical evidence suggests that several of these inhibitors, including sorafenib, vandetanib, motesanib, sunitinib, and XL-184, may have some benefit in treating progressive MTC. Although initial success seen in these trials seems to be modest, it represents a major breakthrough in the treatment of patients with widespread metastatic MTC. Clin Cancer Res; 16(24); 5936–41. ©2010 AACR.
Untersuchungen über Qualität und Quantität des Aminosäurenmusters bei der langdauernden totalen parenteralen Ernährung von operierten Neugeborenen
Authors: Holzki J.
Published: October 2010

Die Bestimmung von Plasmaaminosäuren beim Neugeborenen, das einer langdauernden parenteralen Ernahrung unterworfen wird, ist von besonderer Bedeutung, weil wenig über Kumulierungen und chronische Mangelzustände, insbesondere in der postoperativen Phase, bekannt ist. Untersucht wurden 2 Patienten, von denen der eine 115, der andere 56 Tage total parenteral ernährt wurde. Die Plasmaaminosäurenspiegel werden im Hinblick auf klinische Parameter und die Stickstoffbilanzen diskutiert, die Bedeutung einer ausreichenden Zufuhr von Spurenelementen wird hervorgehoben.
Der Einfluβ verschiedener Plasmaexpander auf blutgruppenserologische Untersuchungsergebnisse
Authors: Kox W. , Busch H. , Kiehl R.
Published: October 2010

Plasmaexpander können bei biutgruppenserologischen Untersuchungen verschieden stark stören. Um möglicherweise verhängnisvolle Ablesefehler zu vermeiden, ist daher bei der Anforderung derartiger Untersuchungen eine vör der Blutprobenentnahme durchgeführte Infusion von Plasmaexpandern mitzuteilen und zu beachten.
Klinische Gesichtspunkte der Massivtransfusion
Authors: Eyrich K. , Braun-Heine A. , Sefrin P. , Wiebecke D.
Published: October 2010

An 30 chirurgischen und urologischen Patienten wurden die klinischen Gesichtspunkte einer Massivtransfusion (in diesen Fallen mindestens 5 1 Blut/6 Stunden) untersucht. Vorwiegende Blutungsursachen waren ausgedehnte Tumoren, Lebereingriffe, radikale Prostatektomien und gefäβchirurgische Eingriffe. Zwei Drittel der Patienten verstarben, die Hälfte davon im irreversiblen hämorrhagischen Schock, sekundäre Todesursachen waren nicht beherrschbare Gerinnungsstörungen, Nierenversagen und Infektionen. Zirka 50 % der massiv transfundierten Patienten zeigten Hypokaliämie und Hyperbilirubinämie. Als Therapieziel bei Massivtransfusionen ist eine kontinuierliche ausreichende Volumensubstitution mit gewärmtem und gefiltertem Blut, die Heparinisierung und eine gezielte Faktorensubstitution bzw. Frischblutgabe anzusehen.
Probleme bei der Massivtransfusion
Authors: Eckart J. , Schaaf H.
Published: October 2010

Entscheidend für die Definition des Begriffes Massivtransfusion ist nicht die Zahl der verabfolgten Blutkonserven, sondern das Verhältnis der transfundierten Menge zum normalen Blutvolumen des Empfängers und die Zeitspanne, in der die Zufuhr erfolgt. Bedingt durch die Zusammensetzung des konservierten Blutes, kann es speziell bei der Massivtransfusion zum Auftreten verschiedenartiger metabolischer Veränderungen kommen. Die Bedeutung der Hyperkaliämie, Hypokalzämie und Zitratintoxikation, sowie der Störungen des Säurebasenhaushalts und der Blutgerinnung werden im Zusammenhang mit der Massivtransfusion analysiert und die notwendigen therapeutischen Konsequenzen diskutiert.
Die Bedeutung der Mikrofiltration bei der Bluttransfusion
Authors: Bergmann H.
Published: October 2010

In Form einer Übersicht wird zunächst auf die Bildung von Mikroaggregaten in gelagerten Blutkonserven, auf das Schicksal der Aggregate im Empfängerorgahismus und auf die funktionellen Folgen einer solchen Mikroembolisierung vor allem in der Mikrozirkulation der Lunge (»Transfusionslunge«) eingegangen. Zur Vermeidung soldier Mikroembolien werden Mikrofilter eingesetzt, technische Prinzipien und komplexe Effektivität (Filterwirkung, Filtergeschwindigkeit, Filterkapazität, Bluttraumatisierung) soldier Mikrofilter werden besprochen. Ein globaler Qualitätsvergleich an Hand von Literaturangaben und eigenen vergleichenden, in Ausarbeitung befindlichen Untersuchungen wird angestellt. Einwände gegen die Mikrofiltration (Zweifel an der klinischen Relevanz beim Menschen, funktionelle Grenzen) werden ebenso wie Alternativmethoden (Verhütung der Bildung bzw. Entfernung bereits gebildeter Mikroaggregate, Verwendung von aggregatfreien Blutbestandteilen) diskutiert und Gegenargumente zu den Einwänden angeführt. Als praktisch-klinische Schluβfolgerung wird die Indikation zur Mikrofiltration schlieβlich dort gestellt, wo voraussichtlich drei oder mehr Blutkonserven verabreicht werden. Je mehr Blut gegeben werden muβ, um so frischer soil es sein, von aggregatfreien gewaschenen Erythrozytenkonzentraten ist bei fehlendem Zeitdruck Gebrauch zu machen, bei Frischblut (Lagerungszeit bis zu 12 Stunden) sind Mikrofilter kontraindiziert. Die Notwendigkeit einer verständnisvollen Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Blutverbraucher (Kliniker) und der Blutbank wird abschlieβend hervorgehoben.
Subjective Breathing Impairment in Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Brunner Elke , Friedrich Gerhard , Kiesler Karl , Chibidziura-Priesching Jutta , Gugatschka Markus
Published: October 2010

Introduction: Dysphonia is considered a major symptom of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). Besides this, many patients complain of further symptoms such as dysphagia and dyspnea, which might not be expected to such an extent. The aim of this survey was to elucidate these symptoms in a cohort of patients with UVFP. Subjects and Methods: Sixty-three patients (22 men, 41 women) suffering from UVFP were interviewed. Therefore we developed a questionnaire dealing with each of the three symptom categories: voice production, swallowing and breathing. Results: All of the surveyed patients reported voice impairment, almost 60% complained of swallowing problems after the onset of paralysis. Seventy-five percent reported a subjectively impaired breathing sensation, not just phonatory dyspnea but during everyday physical activity as well. Discussion: Our study revealed a certain discrepancy between objectively assessed laryngoscopic findings and subjective symptoms. A majority of patients suffered from an impairment in each of the three laryngeal functions (dysphonia, dysphagia and dyspnea). The latter two differ from the classic approach to this condition but must be considered as well in clinical diagnostics and therapy.