bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Efficacy of Carboplatin plus 5-Fluorouracil, Cisplatin plus 5-Fluorouracil, and Best Supportive Care for Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Analysis from a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Thailand
Authors: Wonglhow Jirapat , Wetwittayakhlang Panu , Sunpaweravong Patrapim , Sathitruangsak Chirawadee , Dechaphunkul Arunee
Published: March 2024

Background: Although cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the standard first-line treatment for advanced-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), carboplatin was substituted for cisplatin in cisplatin-ineligible patients. The efficacy of carboplatin plus 5-FU for advanced-stage ESCC remains unreported. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed first-line treatment—carboplatin plus 5-FU, cisplatin plus 5-FU, or best supportive care (BSC)—in advanced-stage ESCC patients at a tertiary hospital in Thailand (2012–2022). Survival was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method, compared via the log-rank test, and adjusted through propensity score matching. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Of 256 patients, 39.9% received carboplatin plus 5-FU, 27.7% cisplatin plus 5-FU, and 32.4% BSC. Carboplatin was significantly associated with older age, poorer performance status, more comorbidities, chronic kidney disease, and lower creatinine clearance. Median overall survival (OS) for carboplatin plus 5-FU, cisplatin plus 5-FU, and BSC was 8.05 (HR 0.31 [0.23, 0.43] vs. BSC, p < 0.001; HR 1.06 [0.78, 1.44] vs. cisplatin plus 5-FU, p = 0.7), 8.43, and 3.64 months, respectively. No significant OS difference was observed between carboplatin and cisplatin treatments after propensity score matching. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rates (ORR) showed no significant difference between carboplatin and cisplatin treatments. Conclusions: Despite less favorable baseline characteristics of patients receiving carboplatin plus 5-FU, this combination exhibited comparable OS, PFS, and ORR to cisplatin plus 5-FU in real-world scenarios. Furthermore, it significantly improved OS over BSC. Consequently, carboplatin plus 5-FU should be considered as an alternative regimen, particularly for advanced-stage ESCC patients who are ineligible for cisplatin.
The Influence of Arrhythmias and Metabolic Profile on Inpatient Mortality in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Antwi-Amoabeng Daniel , Beutler Bryce David , Gbadebo Tokunbo David
Published: March 2024

Background: In patients with end-stage heart failure, durable Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) can be used as a bridge to transplant or destination therapy. LVADs have been shown to improve survival for patients with heart failure (HF). HF is associated with electrolyte abnormalities and the development of sustained arrhythmias. However, data on the influence of arrhythmias and electrolyte imbalances on inpatient outcomes in LVAD patients are lacking. Furthermore, previous works assessing inpatient outcomes focused mainly on the role of chronic comorbidities in those outcomes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample from 2019 to 2020 to assess the influence of acute arrhythmias on inpatient mortality in patients with LVADs. We also investigated the relationship between acute medical conditions and mortality. Results: There were 9418 (not survey-adjusted) hospitalizations with LVAD, among which 2539 (27%) died during the hospitalization. Univariate analysis of arrhythmias showed that ventricular arrhythmias (VAs)—ventricular fibrillation/flutter and ventricular tachycardia—as well as complete heart block were associated with significantly higher odds of mortality. Follow-up multivariable logistic analysis showed that these arrhythmias retain their increased association with death. Hyperkalemia and acidosis had increased adjusted odds of death (1.54 (95% confidence interval: 1.28–1.85) (p < 0.001) and 2.44 (CI: 2.14–2.77) (p < 0.001), respectively). Conclusions: VAs, complete heart block, hyperkalemia, and acidosis were associated with increased odds of all-cause mortality. Females had higher odds of inpatient mortality. These findings suggest that electrolyte management, maintenance of optimal acid–base balance, and interventions to treat sustained ventricular arrhythmias may be suitable therapeutic targets to reduce mortality in hospitalized patients with LVADs.
New Public Health and Sport Medicine Institutions Guidelines of Physical Activity Intensity for Pregnancy—A Scoping Review
Authors: Worska Aneta , Laudańska-Krzemińska Ida , Ciążyńska Julia , Jóźwiak Beata , Maciaszek Janusz
Published: March 2024

Background: Before starting PA, pregnant women should select the appropriate type of training and adjust its components to the development of pregnancy and her capabilities. This review aimed to analyze current recommendations for pregnant women on methods for determining and assessing PA intensity levels and characterize the extent and nature of the information provided to pregnant women in official documents published by public health and sports medicine institutions. Methods: The review was conducted as per the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We searched scientific databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, and SPORTDiscus with Full Text via EBSCO) and the Internet to identify papers regarding recommendations for the PA intensity level for pregnant women. We analyzed 22 eligible guidelines, published over the last 10 years in English, from nine countries and three international organizations. Results: The PA of pregnant women should be at a moderate level. As for higher levels, the analyzed recommendations are contradictory. Methods for assessing PA intensity levels are often not included. The most frequently recommended methods for determining and assessing the PA intensity level for pregnant women are the rating of perceived exertion, the Talk Test, and heart rate measurements. Few guidelines offer specific advice for highly active women (e.g., elite athletes) or trimester-specific considerations. Conclusions: The number of published recommendations regarding PA during pregnancy has increased over the last decade. The amount of information on PA intensity levels is still insufficient. There is a need to update them, based on high-quality scientific work.
An Evaluation of Plasma TNF, VEGF-A, and IL-6 Determination as a Risk Marker of Atherosclerotic Vascular Damage in Early-Onset CAD Patients
Authors: Bialecka Marta , Rac Michał , Dziedziejko Violetta , Safranow Krzysztof , Chlubek Dariusz , Rać Monika Ewa
Published: March 2024

Background: The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is multifactorial and diverse. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in these processes. It is suggested that inflammation may represent a novel and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to gain insight into the relationship between plasma concentrations of TNF, VEGF, IL-6, and radiological parameters of atherosclerosis progression in patients with early-onset coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Seventy clinically stable patients were included in the study group. The age range for men was no more than 50 years, while for women, it was no more than 55 years. Fasting blood samples were obtained for plasma TNF, VEGF, and IL-6 protein measurements. Plasma cytokine concentrations were measured via ELISA. Doppler ultrasound of the carotid and peripheral arteries was performed in all patients. Results: After Bonferroni correction, there were no significant correlations between any cytokine and radiological parameters of atherosclerosis progression in our patients. Conclusions: The determination of plasma TNF, IL-6, and VEGF levels may not be a reliable marker for the vascular condition, and the measurement of these cytokines in plasma cannot replace the classical radiological examination of the vessels.
Renal AL Amyloidosis: Updates on Diagnosis, Staging, and Management
Authors: Shafqat Areez , Elmaleh Hassan , Mushtaq Ali , Firdous Zaina , Ashruf Omer , Mukhopadhyay Debduti , Ahmad Maheen , Ahmad Mahnoor , Raza Shahzad , Anwer Faiz
Published: March 2024

AL amyloidosis is caused by the excessive production of nonfunctional immunoglobulins, leading to the formation of amyloid fibrils that damage vital organs, especially the heart and kidneys. AL amyloidosis presents with non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, numbness, pain, and nephrotic syndrome. Consequently, diagnosis is often delayed, and patients typically present with advanced disease at diagnosis. The Pavia renal staging model stratifies patients based on their likelihood of progressing to dialysis. Treatment with daratumumab plus cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (i.e., Dara-CyBorD) was effective in inducing renal response in the landmark phase III ANDROMEDA trial and reducing early mortality. However, determining the most appropriate treatment regimen for relapsed or refractory cases remains a challenge due to various patient- and disease-related factors. Encouragingly, t(11:14) may be a positive indicator of therapy responses to the anti-BCL2 therapy venetoclax. Moreover, it is increasingly possible—for the first time—to clear AL amyloid fibrils from peripheral organs by leveraging novel anti-fibril immunotherapeutic approaches, although these medications are still under investigation in clinical trials. Given these advancements, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current strategies for diagnosing, staging, treating, and monitoring AL amyloidosis, emphasizing renal involvement.
Mechanical Circulatory Support Systems in the Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias: A Contemporary Overview
Authors: Mariani Marco Valerio , Pierucci Nicola , Cipollone Pietro , Vignaroli Walter , Piro Agostino , Compagnucci Paolo , Matteucci Andrea , Chimenti Cristina , Pandozi Claudio , Dello Russo Antonio , Miraldi Fabio , Vizza Carmine Dario , Lavalle Carlo
Published: March 2024

Ventricular tachycardias (VTs) and electrical storms (ES) are life-threatening conditions mostly seen in the setting of structural heart disease (SHD). Traditional management strategies, predominantly centered around pharmacological interventions with antiarrhythmic drugs, have demonstrated limited efficacy in these cases, whereas catheter ablation is related with more favorable outcomes. However, patients with hemodynamically unstable, recurrent VT or ES may present cardiogenic shock (CS) that precludes the procedure, and catheter ablation in patients with SHD portends a multifactorial intrinsic risk of acute hemodynamic decompensation (AHD), that is associated with increased mortality. In this setting, the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) systems allow the maintenance of end-organ perfusion and cardiac output, improving coronary flow and myocardial mechanics, and minimizing the effect of cardiac stunning after multiple VT inductions or cardioversion. Although ablation success and VT recurrence are not influenced by hemodynamic support devices, MCS promotes diuresis and reduces the incidence of post-procedural kidney injury. In addition, MCS has a role in post-procedural mortality reduction at long-term follow-up. The current review aims to provide a deep overview of the rationale and modality of MCS in patients with refractory arrhythmias and/or undergoing VT catheter ablation, underlining the importance of patient selection and timing for MCS and summarizing reported clinical experiences in this field.
A RAND/UCLA-Modified VAS Study on Telemedicine, Telehealth, and Virtual Care in Daily Clinical Practice of Vascular Medicine
Authors: Pillon Sergio , Gomatou Georgia , Dimakakos Evangelos , Stanek Agata , Pecsvarady Zsolt , Kozak Matija , Wautrecht Jean-Claude , Farkas Katalin , Schernthaner Gerit-Holger , Catalano Mariella , Blinc Aleš , Gerotziafas Grigorios , Poredoš Pavel , De Marchi Sergio , Gschwandtner Michael E. , Kolossváry Endre , Sprynger Muriel , Fazeli Bahar , Liew Aaron , Marschang Peter , Szuba Andrzej , Suput Dusan , Edmonds Michael , Manu Chris , Schaefer Christian Alexander , Marakomichelakis George , Vrkić Kirhmajer Majda , Spaak Jonas , Kotteas Elias , Lessiani Gianfranco , Colgan Mary Paola , Righini Marc , Lichtenberg Michael , Schlager Oliver , Canning Caitriona , Marcoccia Antonella , Kollias Anastasios , Spreafico Alberta
Published: March 2024

Background: Telemedicine is increasingly used in several fields of healthcare, including vascular medicine. This study aimed to investigate the views of experts and propose clinical practice recommendations on the possible applications of telemedicine in vascular medicine. Methods: A clinical guidance group proposed a set of 67 clinical practice recommendations based on the synthesis of current evidence and expert opinion. The Telemedicine Vascular Medicine Working Group included 32 experts from Europe evaluating the appropriateness of each clinical practice recommendation based on published RAND/UCLA methodology in two rounds. Results: In the first round, 60.9% of clinical practice recommendations were rated as appropriate, 35.9% as uncertain, and 3.1% as inappropriate. The strongest agreement (a median value of 10) was reached on statements regarding the usefulness of telemedicine during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, its usefulness for geographical areas that are difficult to access, and the superiority of video calls compared to phone calls only. The lowest degree of agreement (a median value of 2) was reported on statements regarding the utility of telemedicine being limited to the COVID-19 pandemic and regarding the applicability of teleconsultation in the diagnosis and management of abdominal aortic aneurysm. In the second round, 11 statements were re-evaluated to reduce variability. Conclusions: This study highlights the levels of agreement and the points that raise concern on the use of telemedicine in vascular medicine. It emphasizes the need for further clarification on various issues, including infrastructure, logistics, and legislation.
A Matter of Trust: Confidentiality in Therapeutic Relationships during Psychological and Medical Treatment in Children and Adolescents with Mental Disorders
Authors: Kafka Johanna Xenia , Kothgassner Oswald David , Felnhofer Anna
Published: March 2024

Background: Confidentiality is a crucial ethical principle in therapy, particularly for children and adolescents, yet their perception of it remains understudied. We aimed to explore minors’ perspectives and attributions on confidentiality in psychological and medical treatment. Methods: We interviewed 11 pediatric patients aged 7 to 15 and used reflexive thematic analysis to analyze their responses. Results: Four main themes were extracted from the data: (1) confidentiality and uncertainty regarding what information will be shared with clinicians and parents; (2) consequences of breaching confidentiality, encompassing breaches of confidentiality in the past and their negative effects on interactions with parents and health professionals; (3) exceptions to confidentiality, including understanding the limits of confidentiality; and (4) autonomy and self-determination, reflecting the desire for involvement in medical decisions. Conclusions: Explanations about confidentiality rules and limits, especially with younger children, are crucial. This is particularly important because it is fundamental to promote children’s development and self-determination through increasing autonomy, as well as to provide a sense of security and respect through transparent rules. A single educational session on confidentiality at the outset of therapy is insufficient; ongoing conversations are needed to reinforce understanding and promote autonomy.
Evaluation of the Effect of the Composition of the Foam Glass Concrete on Its Flammability and Moisture Characteristics
Authors: Šeputytė-Jucikė Jurga , Vėjelis Sigitas , Vaitkus Saulius , Kairytė Agnė , Kremensas Arūnas
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the moisture and flammability characteristics of lightweight concrete with different aggregates and different amounts of cement according to different criteria. The moisture properties of the specimens were evaluated by the coefficient of water absorption due to capillary action, short-term water absorption, and water vapour permeability. Short-term water absorption correlated with the density of the specimens, and capillary absorption was evaluated depending on the soaking time, amount of cement, and type of lightweight aggregate. The values of the water vapour diffusion resistance factor were estimated based on the amount of cement, the type of lightweight aggregate, the density, and the porosity. The porosity correlated with the amount of cement and the type of lightweight aggregate. The flammability properties of concrete with lightweight aggregate were evaluated by several methods, such as the single flame source test, the single burning item test, and the non-combustibility test. After assessing the flammability characteristics, a structure analysis of the samples was specifically performed to assess the processes that occur during the combustion of lightweight concrete. It was found that short-term water absorption depended mainly on the density, capillary absorption on the amount of cement, and the water vapour diffusion resistance factor, flammability, and thermal stability of lightweight concrete on the type of granules.
Antibacterial and Antibiofouling Activities of Carbon Polymerized Dots/Polyurethane and C60/Polyurethane Composite Films
Authors: Marković Zoran M. , Budimir Filimonović Milica D. , Milivojević Dušan D. , Kovač Janez , Todorović Marković Biljana M.
Published: March 2024

The cost of treatment of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is on the level of tens of billions of dollars at the moment. It is of special interest to reduce or solve this problem using antimicrobial coatings, especially in hospitals or other healthcare facilities. The bacteria can transfer from medical staff or contaminated surfaces to patients. In this paper, we focused our attention on the antibacterial and antibiofouling activities of two types of photodynamic polyurethane composite films doped with carbon polymerized dots (CPDs) and fullerene C60. Detailed atomic force, electrostatic force and viscoelastic microscopy revealed topology, nanoelectrical and nanomechanical properties of used fillers and composites. A relationship between the electronic structure of the nanocarbon fillers and the antibacterial and antibiofouling activities of the composites was established. Thorough spectroscopic analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was conducted for both composite films, and it was found that both of them were potent antibacterial agents against nosocomial bacteria (Klebsiela pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonela enterica, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus epidermis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Antibiofouling testing of composite films indicated that the CPDs/PU composite films eradicated almost completely the biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and about 50% of Escherichia coli biofilms.
Control Optimization Method for Ship Direct Current Microgrid Based on Impedance Reshaping
Authors: Liao Weiqiang , Dong Xin , Yang Rongfeng , Qiao Zhongfei
Published: March 2024

In response to the constant power negative impedance characteristics on the load side of a ship DC microgrid, leading to voltage oscillation issues in the DC bus, this paper proposes a control optimization method based on impedance reshaping using bus voltage feedback. First, a simplified small-signal diagram of a lithium battery energy storage system converter is analyzed. Combining active damping control technology, an impedance regulator is introduced, and its parameters are optimized to effectively reduce the output impedance magnitude on the power source side. Subsequently, a ship DC microgrid simulation model is constructed using MATLAB R2022a/Simulink for validation, and comparative analysis is conducted on the anti-interference ability of the DC bus voltage before and after impedance reshaping. Finally, a model is built on a semi-physical simulation platform to experimentally verify the proposed method. The research results indicate that the proposed control optimization method can effectively increase the system’s stability margin, suppress DC bus oscillations, and enhance the anti-interference ability of the ship DC microgrid’s bus voltage when facing significant power load variations.
Digital Shifts and Ethno-Political Dynamics: Examining Event and Actor Designation in the Cameroon Boko Haram Terrorism Conflict through Print and Online Platforms
Authors: Abondo Ndo Willy Stephane
Published: March 2024

This study examines how the issue of ethnic identity is approached in Cameroon within the context of combating Boko Haram terrorism, considering the influence of the rise of social media on journalistic practices. The advent of these platforms has fundamentally altered the landscape of media coverage, challenging the traditional monopoly of journalists in shaping the narrative of news. How does this technological shift affect the discourse, especially in the designation of events and actors in the reporting of Boko Haram terrorism in Cameroon, whether in traditional print media or on online platforms like Facebook? Do these designations in print media and Facebook discussion forums indicate shifts in the dynamics of the Cameroonian media sphere (censorship, government repression, etc.), resulting from the emergence of new voices in digital discursive spaces? This study employs a dual analysis, integrating a critical examination of media discourse with a sociological study of journalistic production. The scrutiny of media discourse is based on the investigation of 497 articles published between 1st January and 30 June 2015, sourced from seven Cameroonian newspapers. The online corpus encompasses 450 written publications from three Facebook forums. We aim to establish a dialectical relationship between newspaper discourse, online content, and the sociological foundations shaping their production. The observed quality of designations in the studied forums unveils a surge in hate speech within the ethno-political landscape of Cameroon. While this phenomenon remained manageable through the intervention of state regulatory bodies in traditional media, the unrestrained nature of online content, coupled with the absence of state control, has facilitated the rise of inter-ethnic discursive hatred in politics. In conclusion, this study underscores the challenges stemming from the evolution of journalistic practices in a technological landscape and emphasizes the urgent need for regulatory frameworks to counteract the upswing in hate speech and inter-ethnic tensions within political discourse.
Safety and Efficacy of the Use of Supraglottic Airway Devices in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nair Abhijit , Borkar Nitinkumar , Murke Sunil Subhash , Dudhedia Ujjwalraj
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: Supraglottic airway devices (SAD) have been used in children and adolescents undergoing adenotonsillectomies under general anesthesia. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigate the safety and efficacy of using SADs when compared to an endotracheal tube (ETT). (2) Methods: After registering with PROSPERO, databases like PubMed, Scopus, OviD, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched using relevant keywords from the year 2000. We used RoB-2 for risk-of-bias assessment, GRADE for assessing the quality of evidence, RevMan 5.2 for qualitative meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis (TSA) to corroborate the significant findings of meta-analysis. (3) Results: Out of 200 studies, 5 randomized-controlled trials fulfilled inclusion criteria. The quality of evidence was moderate for laryngospasm, low for airway device failure, and very low for recovery time. The incidence of laryngospasm was comparable between SADs and ETT (RR: 0.80, 95% CI-0.36, 1.80, p = 0.59). The incidence of airway device failure was significantly higher with SADs than ETT (RR: 11.29, 95% CI: 2.73, 46.66, p = 0.0008). The postoperative recovery time was significantly less with SADs than with ETT use (MD: −4.33, 95% CI: −5.28, −3.39, p < 0.0001), which was confirmed by the TSA. (4) Conclusions: The results of this review suggests that use of SADs can provide a lesser postoperative recovery time and comparable incidence of laryngospasm, with a higher incidence of failure of SAD when compared to ETT. Use of SAD for pediatric and adolescent adenotonsillectomies should be individualized based on patient characteristics, and on the expertise of the anesthesiologist and the surgeons involved.
A Prospective Study on Neural Biomarkers in Patients with Long-COVID Symptoms
Authors: Vrettou Charikleia S. , Vassiliou Alice G. , Keskinidou Chrysi , Mourelatos Panagiotis , Asimakos Andreas , Spetsioti Stavroula , Diamantopoulos Aristidis , Jahaj Edison , Antonoglou Archontoula , Katsaounou Paraskevi , Vassiliadi Dimitra A. , Kotanidou Anastasia , Dimopoulou Ioanna
Published: March 2024

Background: this prospective observational study aims to assess serum levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), s100b, and total Tau in long-COVID patients, exploring correlations with symptoms, cognitive decline, mental health, and quality of life. Methods: Long-COVID patients visiting our outpatient clinic (February 2021–December 2022) were screened alongside age- and sex-matched controls. GFAP, s100b, and total Tau in serum were measured with ELISA. Cognitive function, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and quality of life were evaluated using MoCA, HADS (depression and anxiety), IES-R, and SF-36, respectively. Results: Sixty-five long-COVID patients and 20 controls were included. GFAP levels were significantly higher in long-COVID patients (p = 0.031), though not correlating with the presence of long-COVID symptoms. S100b and total Tau showed no significant differences between patients and controls. Nervous system-related symptoms were reported in 47% of patients. High rates of cognitive decline (65.9%), depression (32.2%), anxiety (47.5%), and post-traumatic stress disorder (44.1%) were observed. Over 80% of the study population scored below normative cutoffs for SF-36, indicating a significant impact on quality of life. Conclusions: in this long-COVID cohort with substantial psychological and cognitive symptoms, GFAP levels were elevated compared to controls, though not correlating with the presence of long-COVID symptoms.
Lowering Barriers to Health Risk Assessments in Promoting Personalized Health Management
Authors: Park Hayoung , Jung Se Young , Han Min Kyu , Jang Yeonhoon , Moon Yeo Rae , Kim Taewook , Shin Soo-Yong , Hwang Hee
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the feasibility of accurately predicting adverse health events without relying on costly data acquisition methods, such as laboratory tests, in the era of shifting healthcare paradigms towards community-based health promotion and personalized preventive healthcare through individual health risk assessments (HRAs). We assessed the incremental predictive value of four categories of predictor variables—demographic, lifestyle and family history, personal health device, and laboratory data—organized by data acquisition costs in the prediction of the risks of mortality and five chronic diseases. Machine learning methodologies were employed to develop risk prediction models, assess their predictive performance, and determine feature importance. Using data from the National Sample Cohort of the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), which includes eligibility, medical check-up, healthcare utilization, and mortality data from 2002 to 2019, our study involved 425,148 NHIS members who underwent medical check-ups between 2009 and 2012. Models using demographic, lifestyle, family history, and personal health device data, with or without laboratory data, showed comparable performance. A feature importance analysis in models excluding laboratory data highlighted modifiable lifestyle factors, which are a superior set of variables for developing health guidelines. Our findings support the practicality of precise HRAs using demographic, lifestyle, family history, and personal health device data. This approach addresses HRA barriers, particularly for healthy individuals, by eliminating the need for costly and inconvenient laboratory data collection, advancing accessible preventive health management strategies.
Differentiation of Carbon Sink Enhancement Potential in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region of China
Authors: Yang Huicai , Zhao Shuqin , Qin Zhanfei , Qi Zhiguo , Jiao Xinying , Li Zhen
Published: March 2024

Carbon sink enhancement is of great significance to achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality. This study firstly estimated the carbon sink in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region using the carbon absorption coefficient method. Then, this study explored the differentiation of carbon sink enhancement potential with a carbon sink–economic carrying capacity index matrix based on carbon sink carrying capacity and economic carrying capacity under the baseline scenario and target scenario of land use. The results suggested there was a remarkable differentiation in total carbon sink in the study area, reaching 2,056,400 and 1,528,300 tons in Chengde and Zhangjiakou and being below 500,000 tons in Langfang and Hengshui, while carbon sink per unit land area reached 0.66 ton/ha in Qinhuangdao and only 0.28 t/ha in Tianjin under the baseline scenario. Increasing area and optimizing spatial distribution of arable land, garden land, and forest, which made the greatest contribution to total carbon sinks, is an important way of enhancing regional carbon sinks. A hypothetical benchmark city can be constructed according to Qinhuangdao and Beijing, in comparison with which there is potential for carbon sink enhancement by improving carbon sink capacity in Beijing, promoting economic carrying capacity in Qinhuangdao, and improving both in the other cities in the study area.
A Systematic Review on Digital Soil Mapping Approaches in Lowland Areas
Authors: Adeniyi Odunayo David , Bature Hauwa , Mearker Michael
Published: March 2024

Digital soil mapping (DSM) around the world is mostly conducted in areas with a certain relief characterized by significant heterogeneities in soil-forming factors. However, lowland areas (e.g., plains, low-relief areas), prevalently used for agricultural purposes, might also show a certain variability in soil characteristics. To assess the spatial distribution of soil properties and classes, accurate soil datasets are a prerequisite to facilitate the effective management of agricultural areas. This systematic review explores the DSM approaches in lowland areas by compiling and analysing published articles from 2008 to mid-2023. A total of 67 relevant articles were identified from Web of Science and Scopus. The study reveals a rising trend in publications, particularly in recent years, indicative of the growing recognition of DSM’s pivotal role in comprehending soil properties in lowland ecosystems. Noteworthy knowledge gaps are identified, emphasizing the need for nuanced exploration of specific environmental variables influencing soil heterogeneity. This review underscores the dominance of agricultural cropland as a focus, reflecting the intricate relationship between soil attributes and agricultural productivity in lowlands. Vegetation-related covariates, relief-related factors, and statistical machine learning models, with random forest at the forefront, emerge prominently. The study concludes by outlining future research directions, highlighting the urgency of understanding the intricacies of lowland soil mapping for improved land management, heightened agricultural productivity, and effective environmental conservation strategies.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Evaluation of Mannich Base Nitrothiazole Derivatives
Authors: Dube Phelelisiwe S. , Hart Dylan , Legoabe Lesetja J. , Jordaan Audrey , Warner Digby F. , Beteck Richard M.
Published: March 2024

Nitrothiazole derivatives have been reported to exhibit activity against aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerophilic bacteria. This activity profile makes the nitrothiazole compound class an ideal lead source against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which flourishes in varied environments with different oxygen concentrations. In this work, we investigated six nitrothiazole derivatives for antitubercular activity. The compounds exhibited potent activity, with compounds 9 and 10 possessing an equipotent MIC90 value of 0.24 µM. The compounds were investigated for cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells and hemolysis against red blood cells, and they demonstrated no cytotoxicity nor hemolytic effects, suggesting they possess inherent antitubercular activity.
Changing Template/Al2O3 Ratio in Reaction Gel—An Effective Way to Regulate Nature of Intermediate Phases and Properties of SAPO-11 Molecular Sieves during Crystallization
Authors: Agliullin Marat R. , Serebrennikov Dmitry V. , Kutepov Boris I.
Published: March 2024

A study has been conducted to investigate the formation of intermediate phases during the crystallization of SAPO-11 molecular sieves from reaction mixtures with a varying template (di-n-propylamine) DPA/Al2O3 ratio. It was found that changing the DPA/Al2O3 ratio from 1.0 to 1.8 in the initial reaction gels leads to the formation of different intermediate phases during crystallization into a SAPO-11 molecular sieve. It is shown that at the ratio template/Al2O3 = 1.0, an intermediate amorphous silicoaluminophosphate is formed; at 1.4, a mixture consisting of amorphous and layered phases forms; and at 1.8, a layered phase is present. A simple and innovative approach for controlling the morphology, size, and characteristics of primary crystals and the secondary porous structure in hierarchical SAPO-11 is proposed. The method is based on regulating the DPA/Al2O3 ratio in the reaction gel. The synthesized SAPO-11 molecular sieves with a hierarchical porous structure exhibited high selectivity in the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane.
Conformation Effect on the Mechanical and Microbiological Behavior of Invisible Orthodontic Aligners
Authors: Rodríguez Fernández Juan Carlos , Pastor Francisco , Mora José María Barrera , Demiquels Elena , Espinar Eduardo , Gil Javier
Published: March 2024

Invisible orthodontic aligners are having a great impact on tooth movement in an aesthetic and effective way. Different techniques, models, and clinical aspects have been studied for their proper use. However, the aim of this research has been to determine the effect of the shaping process on mechanical properties and their bacterial behavior. For this study, 40 original polyurethane plates and 40 identical models, obtained by hot forming the original plates, were used. The static tensile mechanical properties were studied with a Zwick testing machine using testing speeds of 5 mm/min at a temperature of 37 °C. The original plate and the aligner have been studied with a creep test by subjecting the samples to a constant tension of 30 N, and determining the elongation using a long-distance, high-resolution microscope at different time periods between 1 and 720 h. Studies of water absorption has been realized with artificial saliva for 5 h. Bacterial cultures of Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces viscosus strains were grown on the original plates and on new and used models, to determine the proliferation of each bacterium through metabolic activity, colony-forming units, and LIVE/DEAD assays. The mechanical results showed an increase in the strength of the inserts with respect to the models obtained from 3.44 to 3.95 MPa in the elastic limit and a lower deformation capacity. It has been proven that the transition zone in the creep curves lasts longer in the original plate, producing the rapid increase in deformation at a shorter time (400 h) in the aligner. Therefore, the shaping process reduces the time of dental correction exerted by the aligner. The results of the bacterial culture assays show an increase in the number of bacterial colonies when the aligners have been used and when the polyurethane is conformed due to the internal energy of the model, with respect to the original polyurethane. It has been observed that between the original plate and the aligner there are no statistically significant differences in water absorption and therefore the forming process does not affect water absorption. A slight increase in water absorption can be observed, but after five hours of exposure, the increase is very small.
Investigation of Layered Structure Formation in MgB2 Wires Produced by the Internal Mg Coating Process under Low and High Isostatic Pressures
Authors: Gajda Daniel , Babij Michał , Zaleski Andrzej , Avci Doğan , Karaboga Fırat , Yetis Hakan , Belenli Ibrahim , Czujko Tomasz
Published: March 2024

Currently, MgB2 wires made by the powder-in-tube (PIT) method are most often used in the construction and design of superconducting devices. In this work, we investigated the impact of heat treatment under both low and high isostatic pressures on the formation of a layered structure in PIT MgB2 wires manufactured using the Mg coating method. The microstructure, chemical composition, and density of the obtained superconductive wires were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyzer and optical microscopy with Kameram CMOS software (version 2.11.5.6). Transport measurements of critical parameters were made by using the Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) for 100 mA and 19 Hz in a perpendicular magnetic field. We observed that the Mg coating method can significantly reduce the reactions of B with the Fe sheath. Moreover, the shape, uniformity, and continuity of the layered structure (cracks, gaps) depend on the homogeneity of the B layer before the synthesis reaction. Additionally, the formation of a layered structure depends on the annealing temperature (for Mg in the liquid or solid-state), isostatic pressure, type of boron, and density of layer B before the synthesis reaction.
Research on the Low-Temperature Impact Toughness of a New 100-mm Ultra-Thick Offshore Steel Fabricated Using the Narrow-Gap Laser Wire Filling Welding Process
Authors: Hou Zhong-Lin , Guo Hai-Quan , Wang Jia-Ji , Huang Zeng-Yang , Wang Ze-An , Fang Di-Sheng , Qiao Jun
Published: March 2024

Ultra-thick offshore steel, known for its high strength, high toughness, and corrosion resistance, is commonly used in marine platforms and ship components. However, when offshore steel is in service for an extended period under conditions of high pressure, extreme cold, and high-frequency impact loads, the weld joints are prone to fatigue failure or even fractures. Addressing these issues, this study designed a narrow-gap laser wire filling welding process and successfully welded a 100-mm new type of ultra-thick offshore steel. Using finite element simulation, EBSD testing, SEM analysis, and impact experiments, this study investigates the weld’s microstructure, impact toughness, and fracture mechanisms. The research found that at −80 °C, the welded joint exhibited good impact toughness (>80 J), with the impact absorption energy on the surface of the weld being 217.7 J, similar to that of the base material (225.3 J), and the fracture mechanism was primarily a ductile fracture. The impact absorption energy in the core of the weld was 103.7 J, with the fracture mechanism mainly being a brittle fracture. The EBSD results indicated that due to the influence of the welding thermal cycle and the cooling effect of the narrow-gap process, the grains gradually coarsened from the surface of the welded plate to the core of the weld, which was the main reason for the decreased impact toughness at the joint core. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using narrow-gap laser wire filling welding for 100-mm new type ultra-thick offshore steel and provides a new approach for the joining of ultra-thick steel plates.
Review on Cellular Automata for Microstructure Simulation of Metallic Materials
Authors: Zhi Ying , Jiang Yao , Ke Diwen , Hu Xianlei , Liu Xianghua
Published: March 2024

The cellular automata (CA) method has played an important role in the research and development of metallic materials. CA can interpret the microstructure changes of materials and obtain more abundant, accurate and intuitive information of microstructure evolution than conventional methods. CA can visually represent the process of grain formation, growth, development and change to us in a graphical way, which can assist us in analysis, thinking and solving problems. In the last five years, the application of CA in materials research has been rapidly developed, and CA has begun to occupy an increasingly important position in the simulation research of metallic materials. After introducing the advantages and limitations of CA compared to other widely used simulation methods, the purpose of this paper is to review the recent application progress on the microstructure simulation of metallic materials using CA, such as solidification, recrystallization, phase transformation and carbide precipitation occurring during forming and heat treatment. Specifically, recent research advances on microstructure simulation by CA in the fields of additive manufacturing, welding, asymmetrical rolling, corrosion prevention, etc., are also elaborated in this paper. Furthermore, this paper points out the future work direction of CA simulation in the research of metallic materials, especially in the simulation of the crystal structure, the prediction of mechanical properties, CA simulation software and rule systems, etc. These are expected to attract wide attention of researchers in the field of metallic materials and promote the development of CA in materials research.
Multistage Porous Carbon Derived from Enzyme-Treated Waste Walnut Green Husk and Polyethylene Glycol for Phase Change Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Ziming , Liu Luo , Cao Hui
Published: March 2024

The thermal storage performance, cost, and stability of phase-change materials (PCMs) are critical factors influencing their application in the field of thermal energy storage. Porous carbon, with its excellent support, thermal conductivity, and energy storage properties, is considered one of the most promising support matrix materials. However, the simple and efficient synthesis of high-performance and highly active bio-based materials under mild conditions still faces challenges. In our work, a novel method for preparing new functional composite phase-change materials based on enzyme treatment technology and using waste walnut green husk biomass and polyethylene glycol as raw materials was developed. The enzymatic treatment method exposes the internal structure of the walnut green husk, followed by the adjustment of the calcination temperature to increase the adsorption sites of the biochar, thereby stabilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG). The porous properties of walnut green husk biochar effectively regulate the phase-change behavior of polyethylene glycol. In the biochar carbonized at 600 °C, the PEG loading reached 72.09%, and the absorption heat of the solid–solid phase-change material (SSPCM) reached 194.76 J g−1. This work not only enriches the application of biomass in heat storage but also demonstrates the broad prospects of SSPCMs in solar thermal utilization.
Using the IL-TEM Technique to Understand the Mechanism and Improve the Durability of Platinum Cathode Catalysts for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Smykala Szymon , Liszka Barbara , Tomiczek Anna E. , Pawlyta Miroslawa
Published: March 2024

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells are one of the most promising energy conversion technologies for both automotive and stationary applications. Scientists are testing a number of solutions to increase the durability of cells, especially catalysts, which are the most expensive component. These solutions include, among others, the modification of the composition and morphology of supported nanoparticles, the platinum–support interface, and the support itself. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of platinum degradation and the subsequent improvement of the durability of the entire cell requires the development of methods for effectively monitoring the behavior of catalytic nanoparticles under various cell operating conditions. The Identical-Location Transmission Electron Microscopy (IL-TEM) method makes it possible to visually track structural and morphological changes in the catalyst directly. Because the tests are performed with a liquid electrolyte imitating a membrane, they provide better control of the degradation conditions and, consequently, facilitate the understanding of nanoparticle degradation processes in various operating conditions. This review is primarily intended to disseminate knowledge about this technique to scientists using electron microscopy in the study of energy materials and to draw attention to issues related to the characterization of the structure of carbon supports.
Research on Running Performance Optimization of Four-Wheel-Driving Ackerman Chassis by the Combining Method of Quantitative Experiment with Dynamic Simulation
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Xie Bowen , Yang Yang , Liu Yongbin , Jiang Pan
Published: March 2024

The wheeled chassis, which is the carrying device of the existing handling robot, is mostly only suitable for flat indoor environments and does not have the ability to work on outdoor rugged terrain, greatly limiting the development of chassis driven handling robots. On this basis, this paper innovatively designs a four-wheel-driving Ackerman chassis with strong vibration absorption and obstacle surmounting capabilities and conducts performance research and optimization on it through quantitative experiments and dynamic simulation. Firstly, based on the introduction of the working principle and structure of the four-wheel-driving Ackerman carrier chassis, a multi-sensor distributed dynamic performance test system is constructed through the analysis of the chassis performance evaluation index. Then, according to the quantitative operation experiment of the chassis, the vibration and acceleration characteristics of the chassis at different positions of the chassis, the amount of slip and straightness of the chassis under different running distance, and the operating characteristics of the chassis under different road conditions and different damping springs conditions were analyzed respectively, which verified the rationality of the chassis design. Finally, by constructing the chassis dynamics simulation model; the influence law of chassis structure; and performance parameters such as chassis wheelbase, guide rod structure, and parameters, wheel friction coefficient and assembly error on the dynamic characteristics of the chassis is studied, and the optimal structure of the four-wheel-driving Ackerman chassis is determined while it is verified based on the simulation results. The research shows that the four-wheel-driving Ackerman chassis has good vibration performance and stability and has strong adaptability to different roads. After optimization, the vibration performance, stability, amount of slip, and straightness of the chassis structure are significantly improved, and the straightness is reduced to 0.399%, which is suitable for precise carriage applications on the chassis. The research has important guiding significance for promoting the development and application of wheeled chassis.