bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and exposure assessment of multiple mycotoxins in dried fruits based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Han Z. , Dong M. , Han W. , Shen Y. , Nie D. , Shi W. , Zhao Z.
Published: March 2016

A reliable analytical method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxin, and zearalenone (ZEA) in various dried fruits. A simple one-step sample extraction without using clean-up cartridges made the established method less labour consuming and less expensive, while optimisation of the several important MS/MS parameters, i.e. the scan time and run segments, ensured its sensitivity and selectivity. After careful validation of the method by determining the linearity (R2>0.99), recovery (77.8-115.9%), precision (relative standard deviation ≤19.5%) and sensitivity (limits of quantification in the range of 0.1-10 μg/kg), a survey of 125 dried fruit samples including 25 pistachios, 28 dried longans, 32 raisins and 40 dried dates randomly collected from different markets in Shanghai, China, was performed. Results revealed that 32.0% of samples were contaminated with different mycotoxins, among which, OTA was the most frequent contaminant with the incidence of 29.6% attaining the concentration levels in the range of 0.4-212.6 μg/kg. ZEA was positively found in 2 pistachio samples with the concentrations of 84.9 μg/kg and 426.9 μg/kg. Trace amounts of AFB1 (0.8 μg/kg) and AFB2 (0.2 μg/kg) were also observed in one pistachio sample and one dried longan sample, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to reveal the real situations of mycotoxin contaminations in various dried fruits in China.
Crafting a “Right to Truth” in International Law: Converging Mobilizations, Diverging Agendas?
Authors: Naftali Patricia
Published: March 2016

This genealogy of the “right to truth” explores the ambivalence of the construction of this new concept in international legal discourse. It argues that although the “right to truth” has developed at the cornerstone of several mobilizations, its contours remain evasive due to the diversity of their interests and agendas. The paper highlights how various activists mobilize a “right to truth” as a resource to reform international law and how, in doing so, they advocate for different visions which reinforce or undermine each other. The strength of the “right to truth” concept thus derives from its capacity to accommodate a plurality of causes, but this may also turn into a limit given the diversity of truth entrepreneurs involved in its normalization. Although competing visions of the “right to truth” are presently celebrated as “complementary” in international discourse, the advent of this multifaceted legal category conceals a range of conflicts around conceptions of truth, justice and more generally, the social and political priorities given to the treatment of mass atrocities.
International Criminal Justice as a Juridical Field
Authors: Mégret Frédéric
Published: March 2016

This article seeks to explain the strength of the field of international criminal justice understood as the specifically legal power to frame issues as criminal in the international sphere and to create a sphere of autonomy for international criminal justice. It argues that this strength is not necessarily found where one might expect, namely in a sovereign like centralization of the power of enforcement, but in a range of practices through which the field constitutes its specific form of juridical authority at the intersection of various fields.
La justice pénale internationale, l’Afrique et le refoulé colonial
Authors: Martineau Anne-Charlotte
Published: March 2016

Cet article prend comme point de départ les accusations de « néo-colonialisme » lancées ces dernières années à l’encontre de la Cour pénale internationale, au motif que le Procureur s’est intéressé quasi exclusivement à des affaires concernant le continent africain. Un examen des arguments avancés par les uns et les autres montre qu’il est indispensable de revenir sur l’histoire du colonialisme, afin d’éviter tout refoulement de la question coloniale. Cet article plaide donc pour une meilleure compréhension de l’entreprise coloniale elle-même, avant de statuer sur les velléités impérialistes du droit international et des institutions contemporaines. Notre analyse – à la fois postcoloniale et historique – suggère que la justice pénale internationale en tant qu’entreprise normative et institutionnelle n’est pas une simple reproduction du « temps des colonies » ; elle est faite de croisements entre des pratiques issues de la colonisation et des enjeux contemporains.
HEMODYNAMIC AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF VARIOUS BIOPROSTHETIC AORTIC HEART VALVE
Authors: Firoozan Mohammad Sadegh , Niroomand-Oscuii Hanieh , Tajabadi Maryam
Published: March 2016

Simulation of heart and particularly heart valves is amongst the most common and fundamental methods in diagnosis and treatment of heart disorders. Replacement of natural valves with prosthetic valves is a prevalent treatment to valvular damages. The idea of using tissue engineering heart valves is in progress in developing countries. This is because of their unique biocompatibility and biodegradability according to special characteristics and geometries of every single patient’s heart. By considering and changing specific parameters for optimization of valve design, one can obtain the most favorable dimensions of the scaffold. So far, there are various studies which have been focused on leaflet stress distribution and deformation, but considering the blood in these studies have been less taken into account. Excellence of considering fluid structure interaction is to provide real physiological condition for heart valve simulation. Simulation of bioprosthetic heart valve with 19[Formula: see text]mm diameter for various geometries of leaflets was performed. Hemodynamic parameters such as mean velocity, flow rate, transvalvular pressure drop, effective orifice area, wall shear stresses, and structural parameters like Von Mises were investigated. Results indicated that leaflet with 12[Formula: see text]mm height among other geometries is the best case for hemodynamic parameters and Von Mises stress.
Simulation Tool for Transportation Problem
Authors: Saxena Pratiksha , Choudhary Abhinav , Kumar Sanchit , Singh Satyavan
Published: March 2016

This chapter introduces simulation tool TRANSSIM (Transportation model Simulation) to simulate transportation models. TRANSSIM is a tool which simulates and compares the results of different transportation models. A combination of programming languages is used to design this tool and is based on analytical approach to guide optimization strategy. In TRANSSIM, inputs are provided in terms of resources available, requirement and cost associated. Output performance measurements are calculated in terms of product allocation and associated total cost.
Sustainable Supplier's Management Using Differential Evolution
Authors: Jauhar Sunil Kumar , Pant Millie
Published: March 2016

In today‘s world, highly competitive global operating environment have much concerns as well as attention is focused in the direction of climatic changes and additional ecological concerns. These concerns are not only articulated by campaigners or researchers, but by the common man as well, which has directed to the ultimatum for corporations to take action for sustainability. The public gradually holds corporations responsible for ecological misconduct in their supply chains. To counterbalance that threat companies, start fresh approaches to develop sustainable supply chain. In spite of that suppliers often are unsuccessful to appropriately contribute fresh approaches. This paper presents an approach which evaluates sustainable supplier's performance in supply chain management (SCM) using Differential Evolution to select the efficient suppliers providing the maximum fulfillment for the sustainable criteria determined. Finally, three illustrative cases on automotive & pulp and paper industry validate the application of the present approach.
Comparison of Analytical and Heuristic Techniques for Multiobjective Optimization in Power System
Authors: Bhadoria Vikas Singh , Pal Nidhi Singh , Shrivastava Vivek
Published: March 2016

Due to liberalization in the power market stake of the Distributed Generation (DG) in the power industries has increased radically. Integration of DG will result is the change in the operating conditions of the existing power system network. Due to this DG has drawn attention of utility providers, policy makers and, to effectively use the DG, several researchers also. Inclusion of DG in the existing power system may enhance its power transfer capacity, voltage profile, reliability and it can also reduce the overall system losses if installed in proper capacity and at proper place. Benefits of DG can be efficiently extracted only if an appropriate capacity of DG is introduced in the existing power system at appropriate place. This chapter proposes an analytical and heuristic approach suggesting the optimum size and location of type-1 and type-2 DG. The proposed method is implemented on the IEEE-13 bus radial distribution network (RDN) and result shows the validity of the proposed method.
Advances in Algorithms for Re-Sampling Class-Imbalanced Educational Data Sets
Authors: Rivera William , Goel Amit , Kincaid J Peter
Published: March 2016

Real world data sets often contain disproportionate sample sizes of observed groups making it difficult for predictive analytics algorithms. One of the many ways to combat inherent bias from class imbalance data is to perform re-sampling. In this book chapter we discuss popular re-sampling methods proposed in research literature, such as Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and Propensity Score Matching (PSM). We provide an insight into recent advances and our own novel algorithms under the umbrella term of Over-sampling Using Propensity Scores (OUPS). Using simulation we conduct experiments that result in statistical improvement in accuracy and sensitivity by using these new algorithmic approaches.
An Institution Wide Approach to Learning Analytics
Authors: Heath Jennifer , Leinonen Eeva
Published: March 2016

The desire to provide personalized learning support for students has been a strong driver of the development of learning analytics capabilities at the University of Wollongong (UOW), Australia. A case study approach is taken to explore the diverse challenges faced when adopting an institution wide approach to learning analytics. Aspects explored include: establishing a clear strategy and governance, implementing foundation technology, developing and applying analytics and visualizations, managing organizational culture change, understanding student expectations, and addressing ethical challenges associated with learning analytics. This chapter draws upon the results of a UOW student survey conducted in late 2013 that explored first year student expectations regarding privacy in relation to learning analytics, and their preferred approach to interventions. Throughout it is noted that the academic endeavor, rather than technology and data management, drives the UOW adoption of learning analytics.
Developing a Framework for the Effective Use of Learning Analytics
Authors: Gavan Collette
Published: March 2016

Research and experimentation is uncovering forms of best practice and possible factors on which to centre the analysis of students in an effective way, however learning analytics has yet to be comprehensively implemented country-wide in the United Kingdom. The chapter explores the current impact of learning analytics in higher education at mome discusses and observes the current vacancies with which a framework enabled to function with data visualisation could be utilised. The deliverable seeks to design an initial framework that has the potential to be utilised in a higher education setting for more effective and insightful decision making with regards to learner retention and engagement. This framework will combine the theory and scientific action of predictive analytics with a comparison of the most suitable data visualisation toolsets that are currently available in open-source software.
A Promising Way to Model Damage in Composite and Dry Fabrics Using a Discrete Element Method (DEM)
Authors: Dau Frederic , Girardot J. , Le B.D.
Published: March 2016

A promising way to model fracture mechanics with the use of an original Discrete Element Method (DEM) is proposed. After proving the ability of the method to capture kinetic damage induced by cracking phenomena in brittle materials such as silica [1], taking advantage of the method for composite materials applications is the main purpose of this work. This paper highlights recent and current developments to prove abilities of the DEM to give some answers to challenges : i) use the present DEM to model damage mechanisms (matrix cracking, debonding, fiber break and delamination) in a composite material ii) deal with impact applications on dry fabrics using the DEM. All developments are made in the home made software GRANOO (GRANular Objet Oriented) [2]. The promising results are commented and the on going developments are exposed.
Reduced Order Models for Static and Dynamic Analysis of Composite Panels Based on a Perturbation Approach
Authors: Jansen Eelco , Rahman Tanvir , Rolfes Raimund
Published: March 2016

An overview of a specific reduced order modelling technique for Finite Element nonlinear buckling analysis of structures under static and dynamic loading is presented. The reduction method applied makes use of an available, well-established analytical perturbation procedure for static buckling and dynamic buckling analysis. This procedure has in the past years been used as the foundation for the development and implementation of a Finite Element framework for reduced order nonlinear buckling analysis. These achievements are reported, including a concise description of the underlying theory and certain characteristic examples. A basic example of a composite plate and other examples related to aircraft applications demonstrate the capabilities of this reduced order modelling framework for nonlinear buckling and dynamic response analysis and illustrate the current status of its development.
Some Examples of “Multi-Physical” Fatigue of Organic Matrix Composites for Aircraft Applications
Authors: Gigliotti Marco , Pannier Yannick , Lafarie-Frenot Marie Christine , Grandidier Jean Claude
Published: March 2016

This paper presents, discusses and review some recent results concerning the interaction between mechanics and the environment during fatigue tests carried out under accelerated environmental conditioning of laminated and woven Organic Matrix Composites (OMC) for high temperature aircraft parts, the synergy between electrical and mechanical fields during electro-mechanical fatigue of composite laminates for fuselage applications the damage behavior of 3D woven OMC under thermal cycling.For all case studies, the capabilities of the PPRIME Institute to perform such tests reproducing “multi-physical” fatigue environment and characterizing the phenomenology associated to multi-physics coupling at several scales will be highlighted. The main issues related to the development of “multi-physics” models for proper interpretation of test results are also reviewed.
Electrolytic Aluminizing of Low Carbon Steel as Protection Treatment for Current Leads against High Temperature Oxidation
Authors: Kovrov Vadim Anatolyevich , Tsvetov Vladimir , Zaikov Yuriy , Mullabaev Albert Rafaelyevich , Pyankov Pavel Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2016

Application of protective aluminum-based coatings is one of the ways to increase the oxidation resistance of low-carbon steel. The electrolytic deposition of aluminum in the NaF33-KF15.2-(AlF3)51.8 wt.% melt at 920°C and the current density of 0.8-1.0 A·cm-2 (0.25 A·h·cm-2) have provided a continuous aluminide coating based on Fe2Al5 with a good adhesion to the steel substrate due to dissolution of oxide film from the surface of the treated products in fluoride melt. The resistance of steel samples to sulfide corrosion was investigated in a lab-scale three-electrode cell at 900°C in contact with a “Soderberg” carbon anode, which was obtained by carbonization of the coal tar pitch containing 2.0-2.5 wt.% of sulphur. The IRC (ohmic voltage drop in contact layer) growth rate was 3.3 times higher for uncoated steel due to formation of the oxide-sulfide layer based on FeS. The electrolytically aluminized steel with preliminarily formed α-Al2O3 layer possessed more stable value of the IRC in comparison with the uncoated steel because of the higher chemical resistance.
The Influence of Overaluminizing on TGO Formation on CMSX-4 Nickel Superalloy during Isothermal Oxidation
Authors: Góral Marek
Published: March 2016

In the paper the formation of Thermally Grown Oxides on newly developed Thermal Barrier Coatings were described. The CMSX-4 Single Crystal nickel superalloy was used as a base material. The bondcoat was produced by overaluminizing of an MeCrAlY–type coating deposited by low pressure plasma spraying method (LPPS). The outer ceramic layer of yttria oxide stabilized zirconia oxide (Metco 6700) was deposited by plasma spray physical vapour deposition (PS-PVD). The isothermal oxidation test at 1100oC for 1000h shown that thickness of the TGO layer in overaluminized bondcoat was significantly thicker in comparison with conventional LPPS-sprayed MeCrAlY bondcoats in the same type of TBCs.
The Effect of Corrosion in Hank's Solution on the Bending Stiffness of Bars from Sintered Iron-Manganese Alloys
Authors: Kupková Miriam , Hrubovčáková Monika , Kupka Martin
Published: March 2016

Fe-Mn alloys represent promising degradable biomaterials for temporary implants. To investigate the effect of corrosion on their mechanical properties, iron powders were mixed with 25, 30 and 35 wt.% of a manganese powder, compressed into prismatic bars and sintered. Sintered bars were immersed in Hank's solution for 8 weeks. The bending stiffness of each bar before and after its exposure to electrolyte was examined. The higher the porosity of a bar was, the higher relative reduction in bending stiffness the bar exhibited. A likely explanation was that in a more porous bar Hank’s solution penetrated deeper and affected larger volume fraction of bar’s material.
Evaluation of Long-Term Exposed Structures and their Maintenance
Authors: Geiplova Hana , Kreislova Katerina , Mindos Lubomir , Turek Libor
Published: March 2016

Corrosion rate of hot dip zinc coating exposed at atmospheric environment can be predicted according to EN ISO 9223 and EN ISO 9224. Prediction models based on dose response (D/R) functions express the effects of environmental parameters on the corrosion of material. The investigation of corrosion protection of construction exposed longer than 30 years were performed. In this paper the selected results of evaluation of galvanised infrastructures from corrosion failure and durability point of view are presented. The field data are compared to prediction models. The residual thickness of zinc coating was measured on selected profiles of the truss structures. The maintained organic coatings were applied on these constructions and there are presented results after 8 years.
Cloud Applications Performance in Crack Growth Simulations of Pre-Hydrogenated Structure Components
Authors: Kishlakov Daniel L. , Tarakanov Pavel V. , Shashurin Georgy V. , Berchun Yury V.
Published: March 2016

The design of durable structure components requires durability analysis in CAE systems and cloud computations use is favorable for batch processing of multiple same-type calculation routines. To develop CAE durability modules analytical approach to different batch processing systems efficiency estimation is necessary. Such modules are intended for durability analysis of pre-hydrogenated and statically loaded structure components with initial defects. Durability estimate is defined as crack growth time elapsed from initial defect state to structure component fracture. Crack kinetics model had been used to simulate a fracture process, required for safe operation of a structure; crack length curves had been obtained and analyzed. The results were verified with the published experimental data on the subject at hand.The authors’ efficiency criterion was applied for performance analysis of the developed cloud application to find a subset of one modelling parameter in which the application is efficient being constrained in number of computational resources available and in the desirable level of performance.
Functional Status and Disability in Patients After Acute Stroke: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: López-Espuela Fidel , Pedrera-Zamorano Juan Diego , Jiménez-Caballero Pedro Enrique , Ramírez-Moreno José María , Portilla-Cuenca Juan Carlos , Lavado-García Jesús María , Casado-Naranjo Ignacio
Published: March 2016

Background

Stroke is a major public health problem.

Objective

To use the Barthel Index to evaluate basic activities of daily living in stroke survivors and detect any predictors of functional outcome at 6 months after stroke.

Methods

In an observational longitudinal study, data were gathered on consecutive patients admitted to the comprehensive stroke unit at Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, Cáceres, Spain. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained prospectively at hospital admission and during follow-up 6 months later. Information on type of stroke, score on the Barthel Index, findings from the neurological evaluation, and other relevant data were collected.

Results

Of 236 patients admitted, 175 participated in the study. Mean age was 69.60 (SD, 12.52) years, 64.6% were men, and mortality was 12.8%. Six months after experiencing a stroke, 84.8% of patients had returned to their own homes, 8.0% were institutionalized, and the others were residing at a family member’s home. Scores on the Barthel Index 6 months after stroke correlated with baseline scores on the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (r = −0.424; P < .001) and with depressive mood 6 months after stroke (r = −0.318; P < .001). Age was negatively associated with Barthel Index scores at the time of hospital discharge and 6 months after stroke.

Conclusions

Functional status 6 months after stroke was influenced by age, sex, stroke severity, type of stroke, baseline status, mood, and social risk. Comorbid conditions, socioeconomic level, and area of residence did not affect patients’ functional status.
Communicating While Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: Texting With a Smartphone
Authors: Shiber Joseph , Thomas Ayesha , Northcutt Ashley
Published: March 2016

Two young adults with severe facial injuries were receiving care in the trauma/surgical intensive care unit at a tertiary care, level I trauma center in the southeastern United States. Both patients were able to communicate by texting on their cellphones to family members, friends, and caregivers in the intensive care unit. Patients who are awake and already have experience texting with a smartphone or other electronic handheld device may be able to communicate well while receiving mechanical ventilation.
Alternatively Activated Macrophages Boost Induced Regulatory T and Th17 Cell Responses during Immunotherapy for Colitis
Authors: Haribhai Dipica , Ziegelbauer Jennifer , Jia Shuang , Upchurch Kyle , Yan Ke , Schmitt Erica G. , Salzman Nita H. , Simpson Pippa , Hessner Martin J. , Chatila Talal A. , Williams Calvin B.
Published: March 2016

Induced regulatory T (iTreg) and Th17 cells promote mucosal homeostasis. We used a T cell transfer model of colitis to compare the capacity of iTreg and Th17 cells to develop in situ following the transfer of naive CD4+CD45RBhi T cells into Rag1−/− C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice, the prototypical Th1/M1- and Th2/M2-prone strains. We found that the frequency and number of Foxp3+ iTreg cells and Th17 cells were significantly reduced in C57BL/6 mice compared with the BALB/c strain. C57BL/6 mice with colitis were also resistant to natural Treg cell immunotherapy. Pretreatment of C57BL/6 Rag1−/− mice with IL-4 plus IL-13, or with M2a but not M1 macrophages, dramatically increased the generation of iTreg and Th17 cells. Importantly, M2a transfers, either as a pretreatment or in mice with established colitis, allowed successful immunotherapy with natural Treg cells. M2a macrophages also reduced the generation of pathogenic iTreg cells that lost Foxp3 expression, suggesting that they stabilize the expression of Foxp3. Thus, polarized M2a macrophages drive a directionally concordant expansion of the iTreg–Th17 cell axis and can be exploited as a therapeutic adjuvant in cell-transfer immunotherapy to re-establish mucosal tolerance.
POU2AF1 Functions in the Human Airway Epithelium To Regulate Expression of Host Defense Genes
Authors: Zhou Haixia , Brekman Angelika , Zuo Wu-Lin , Ou Xuemei , Shaykhiev Renat , Agosto-Perez Francisco J. , Wang Rui , Walters Matthew S. , Salit Jacqueline , Strulovici-Barel Yael , Staudt Michelle R. , Kaner Robert J. , Mezey Jason G. , Crystal Ronald G. , Wang Guoqing
Published: March 2016

In the process of seeking novel lung host defense regulators by analyzing genome-wide RNA sequence data from normal human airway epithelium, we detected expression of POU domain class 2–associating factor 1 (POU2AF1), a known transcription cofactor previously thought to be expressed only in lymphocytes. Lymphocyte contamination of human airway epithelial samples obtained by bronchoscopy and brushing was excluded by immunohistochemistry staining, the observation of upregulation of POU2AF1 in purified airway basal stem/progenitor cells undergoing differentiation, and analysis of differentiating single basal cell clones. Lentivirus-mediated upregulation of POU2AF1 in airway basal cells induced upregulation of host defense genes, including MX1, IFIT3, IFITM, and known POU2AF1 downstream genes HLA-DRA, ID2, ID3, IL6, and BCL6. Interestingly, expression of these genes paralleled changes of POU2AF1 expression during airway epithelium differentiation in vitro, suggesting POU2AF1 helps to maintain a host defense tone even in pathogen-free condition. Cigarette smoke, a known risk factor for airway infection, suppressed POU2AF1 expression both in vivo in humans and in vitro in human airway epithelial cultures, accompanied by deregulation of POU2AF1 downstream genes. Finally, enhancing POU2AF1 expression in human airway epithelium attenuated the suppression of host defense genes by smoking. Together, these findings suggest a novel function of POU2AF1 as a potential regulator of host defense genes in the human airway epithelium.
Antagonism of the STING Pathway via Activation of the AIM2 Inflammasome by Intracellular DNA
Authors: Corrales Leticia , Woo Seng-Ryong , Williams Jason B. , McWhirter Sarah M. , Dubensky Thomas W. , Gajewski Thomas F.
Published: March 2016

Recent evidence has indicated that innate immune sensing of cytosolic DNA in dendritic cells via the host STING pathway is a major mechanism leading to spontaneous T cell responses against tumors. However, the impact of the other major pathway triggered by intracellular DNA, the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome, on the functional output from the stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway is poorly understood. We found that dendritic cells and macrophages deficient in AIM2, apoptosis-associated specklike protein, or caspase-1 produced markedly higher IFN-β in response to DNA. Biochemical analyses showed enhanced generation of cyclic GMP-AMP, STING aggregation, and TANK-binding kinase 1 and IFN regulatory factor 3 phosphorylation in inflammasome-deficient cells. Induction of pyroptosis by the AIM2 inflammasome was a major component of this effect, and inhibition of caspase-1 reduced cell death, augmenting phosphorylation of TANK-binding kinase 1/IFN regulatory factor 3 and production of IFN-β. Our data suggest that in vitro activation of the AIM2 inflammasome in murine macrophages and dendritic cells leads to reduced activation of the STING pathway, in part through promoting caspase-1–dependent cell death.
Sekwi formation, a new lower Cambrian formation in the southern Mackenzie Mountains, District of Mackenzie
Authors: Handfield R C
Published: March 2016

The name Sekwi Formation is proposed for a distinct fossiliferous carbonate unit of Early Cambrian age that outcrops in a northwest-trending belt, 160 miles by 60 miles, near the boundary between Mackenzie and Selwyn Mountains in southwest District of Mackenzie.
At the type section in the Sekwi Range the formation consists of 2, 525 feet of orange and grey weathering limestone, dolostone and sandy dolostone. Argillaceous sandstone, at least partly of Early Cambrian age, conformably underlies the Sekwi Formation. The Sekwi Formation is disconformably
overlain in places by late Middle Cambrian calcareous shale and in other places by Upper Cambrian limestone. Eastward the Sekwi changes facies to sandstone whereas south westward it apparently changes to argillite and shale. Early Cambrian fossils found in the Sekwi Formation include aff.
Fallotaspis sp. , aff . Holmia sp. , Olenellus sp. , and abundant Archaeocyatha.
Occurrences of Uranium and Vanadium in Prince Edward Island
Authors: Prest V K , Steacy H R , Bottrill T J
Published: March 2016

Minor amounts of uranium associated with vanadium have been recognized in outcrop and at depth in the Fermo-Carboniferous sediments of Prince Edward Island. Concentrations occur in greenish grey phases of the normally red sandstone, indicating a reducing
environment. The uranium vanadates rauvite and francevillite have been identified. Source of the uranium is believed to be older rocks to the west. Uranium is believed to have been precipitated under reducing conditions from percolating groundwaters.
Seismic study of the surficial deposits in the Stenen area, Saskatchewan
Authors: Burke K B S
Published: March 2016

A bedrock depression, filled with sand, gravel and till, and overlain by glacial lake silt deposits, was delineated by test drilling about 1 1/2 miles southeast of Stenen, Saskatchewan. Charges of explosives were detonated at small intervals of depth in four of
the drill holes to provide first arrival times for the construction of up hole wave front diagrams. These diagrams show that there is a velocity inversion at the bedrock surface; the velocity in the till (6, OOO feet per second) and the velocity in the sand and gravel (7, OOO - 8, OOO feet per
second) both exceed the velocity in the shale bedrock (5, OOO feet per second) . Two correlation refraction profiles demonstrate the lack of secondary arrivals associated with the surficial deposits, the only consistent secondary arrivals being reflections from horizons within the bedrock.
Therefore, the seismic refraction method cannot be used to map the bedrock surface in this area. The relatively high velocity of the sand and gravel enables the location of this deposit to be determined beneath a continuous refraction profile. However, it is impossible to distinguish between head
waves associated with the till and those associated with the deposit of sand and gravel using frequency and amplitude characteristics. Instead, there appears to be more correlation between the frequency spectrum and the shot point lithology. Finally, a continuous reflection profile was shot over the
sand and gravel deposit and a time lead in the 'Second White Specks' reflection time observed. The maximum increase in the thickness of the sand, gravel and till section (170 feet) calculated from this time lead compares favourably with the estimated value (150 feet) from the drilling
results.
Petrology of the No 10, Balmer, Coal Seam in the Natal area of the Fernie Basin, British Columbia
Authors: Cameron A R , Babu S K
Published: March 2016

Three column and channel samples of the 55-foot thick No. 10 (Balmer) seam from the Michel-Natal area of British Columbia were studied petrographically. The study entailed both megascopic and microscopic methods . Petrographic composition was expressed in terms
of lithotypes, macerals and microlithotypes. Reflectance determinations were also carried out. The analysis showed a coal high in the inertinite macerals, especially fusinite and semifusinite. Mean maximum reflectances ranged from 1. 31 to 1. 45 . The seam was divided into 22 intervals based on
petrographic composition, and a comparison of the three samples showed that the intervals could be traced laterally through the 2 1/2 miles covered by the sampling. Deposition in a paralic basin is suggested for the origin of the seam. Chemical information was also obtained along with plasticity and
swelling data on both vitrain and whole coal samples from various intervals in the seam. Fluidity values were relatively low, though significantly higher in the vitrain samples than in the whole coal. It was shown that fluidity in the pure vitrain samples was related to reflectance and mineral
matter. A study was also carried out on fracture distribution in vitrain bands. Sieve analyses were carried out on coal from selected intervals and the results related to petrographic composition. The upper half of the seam with its higher content of bright coal appears to have the best coking
potential.
Reconnaissance geochemistry using lake sediments of a 36,000-square-mile area of the northwestern Canadian Shield
Authors: Allan R J , Cameron E M , Durham C C
Published: March 2016

The Bear - Slave Operation is a regional, helicopter-supported, geochemical survey of some 36, OOO square miles of the central parts of the Bear and Slave Structural Provinces of the Canadian Shield. The regional survey area extends from 64°30'N to
66°001N and from l06 ° 00 1W to ll8 ° 00 1W, covering nine 1: 250,000 scale map- sheets. Nearshore, inorganic, silty, lake sediment and surface lake water were the sample media collected at a site density of one per ten square miles. Sampling was carried out from June 25th to August
2nd. Three Bell G4A helicopters were used as transport for lake sampling. A DHC-3 Otter aircraft was used to set out gas caches. Helicopter traverses were crudely radial in pattern. All helicopters operated from the same base camp so that three consecutive camps were established. Average flying time
per sample site was less than 10 minutes. Approximately 1, 500 square miles was sampled each day. Water samples were acidified and sediment samples dried in the field. Sediment samples were sieved to minus 250 mesh (63?) and sample preparation was completed in Ottawa by the end of September.
Analyses by D. C. arc emission spectrometric, atomic absorption spectrophotometric, fluorimetric, and colorimetric methods are being undertaken in the laboratories of the Geological Survey, Geochemistry Section . The sediment samples are being analyzed for Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ag, Co, Mn, U, Hg , Mo, Ti,
Ba, Cr, Be, V, Sn, Zr, Y, La, Li, Mg, Fe , K , Ca, Sr , Sb and As. Water samples are being analyzed for Cu, Zn and Hg . The data are being published as 1:250,000 scale maps on which the element concentration at each sample site and geochemical contours drawn by computer will be superimposed on a
base showing geology, lakes and drainage , and sample site locations . The most significant elements will be published at this scale. The remaining data will be published as computer data listings and small scale contour maps along with a map showing sample locations and numbers. Preliminary results
show that there are significant anomalies for several elements within the survey area. Follow- up procedures for such anomalies are outlined. Costs of the operation are itemized.
Nivation Landforms, District of Franklin
Authors: St-Onge D A
Published: March 2016

The numerous rock types on Ellef Ringnes Island in the Queen Elizabeth Islands, N . W. T. makes it possible to study the influence of lithology on landforms resulting from the activity ofa given process. Nivation , a combination of frost shattering, gelifluction
and sheet wash, carves a series of landforms which vary according lo the type of rock in which they occur. Lithology, in determining debris size , controls the agents of removal and consequently the nature of the nivation landform.
Ostracoda from the Ellis Bay Formation (Ordovician), Anticosti Island, Quebec
Authors: Copeland M J
Published: March 2016

The 200- to 300-foot-thick Ellis Bay Formation on Anticosti Island has yielded a well preserved and distinctive ostracode fauna. This fauna is closely related to that of the underlying Vaureal Formation and contains elements common to the Porkuni beds of Estonia
and the Dalmanitina Series (5a, 5b) of Norway. The Late Ordovician age of these faunas is indicated.
The ferride element content of titaniferous magnetite in Canada
Authors: Rose E R
Published: March 2016

The term titaniferous magnetite is defined, and historical progress in the knowledge and utilization of titaniferous magnetite is summarized . The distribution and nature of titaniferous magnetite deposits in Canada is outlined and' reference is made to the
general geology and mineralogy. Much new analytical data on the ferride element content of titaniferous magnetite is shown in Table I. Comparisons made between the analyses of natural titaniferous magnetite (crude potential ore material) with those of magnetic concentrates made from them, give a
measure of both the grade and relative ease of concentration of most of the occurrences. The high metal content of the magnetic concentrates made from many samples of titaniferous magnetite deposits suggests that they should be given consideration as sources of materials from which iron, titanium,
and vanadium, as well as other elements and minerals might be recovered.
Age determinations and geological studies, K-Ar isotopic ages, Report 9
Authors: Wanless R K , Stevens R D , Lachance G R , Delabio R N
Published: March 2016

One hundred and forty-six new potassium-argon age determinations carried out on Canadian rocks and minerals are reported. In most instanc es the age determination is accompanied by a description of the rock and mineral concentrate used; brief interpretive
comments regarding the geological significance of each age is alsc, provided. The experimenta l procedures employed are described in brief outline and the constants used in the calcul ation of ages and isotopic abundances are listed. Two geological time scales are reproduced in tabular form for
ready reference .
Lower Jurassic rocks and fauna near Ashcroft, British Columbia, and their relation to some granitic plutons 92-i
Authors: Frebold H , Tipper H W
Published: March 2016

The oldest fossiliferous Jurassic rocks near Ashcroft, British Columbia, contain the pelecypod genus Weyla J. Bohm. This genus is known to be restricted to the Lower Jurassic and the age of the rocks is accordingly not Middle Bajocian, to which they had been
assigned previously, but Early Jurassic. Detailed age determination is difficult but Sinemurian is considered probable. The underlying conglomeratic beds resting unconformably on the Upper Triassic Nicola Group are believed to be Hettangian in age. The Guichon Batholith, which supplied detritus to
these conglomerates, is believed to be Rhaetian in age, dated isotopically at 200 million years.
Reconnaissance geology of Aishihik Lake, Snag and part of Stewart River map-areas, west-central Yukon
Authors: Tempelman-Kluit D J
Published: March 2016

Aishihik Lake, Snag and part of Stewart River map-areas caver an area of more than 13,000 square miles, almost entirely within western Yukon Plateau, in west-central Yukon Territory. Metamorphosed pelitic and igneous rocks of Proterozoic and/ or Paleozoic age,
included in the Yukon Group, underlie much of the region. They are intruded by large batholiths of hornblende, granodiorite, quartz monzonite and pink quartz monzonite of various Mesozoic ages. In the east part of the region Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous coarse clastic, immature sedimentary rocks of
the Laberge Group and Tantalus Formation are faulted against this crystalline terrane. A suite of acid high-level plutonic, sub­volcanic and volcanic rocks, of Eocene age, the Nisling Range Alaskite and Mount Nansen Group, discordantly intrudes and overlies the older rocks. Basalt and conglomerate
of the Carmacks Group (Eocene to Miocene) overlie all older rocks with distinct unconformity and are laid down on a surface of moderate relief that closely approximates the modern topography. Major and minor structures in the metamorphic rocks trend gener­ally northwest and the folded layering is a
coarse schistosity that mimics a crenulation foliation. Linear elements in the rocks predate the latest folding and metamorphism which probably took place during the Early Mesozoic. Rocks of the Laberge Group are thrown into large southwestward verging folds. No recrystallization accompanied this
deformation which took place in mid­Cretaceous time. Mineralization discovered to date is of two types. Copper- and tungsten-bearing magnetite skarns in marble of the Yukon Group or in prob­able Triassic volcanic rocks are found mainly in Aishihik Lake map-area. Molybdenite and chalcopyrite,
disseminated in rocks of the Nisling Range Alaskite-Mount Nansen Group suite, occur in Snag and northern Aishihik Lake map-areas.
'Standard samples' of silicate rocks and minerals - a review and compilation
Authors: Abbey S
Published: March 2016

A review is presented of the present state of international reference samples of silicate rocks and minerals. Usuable values of varying degrees of reliability are assigned where possible for major, minor and trace elements.
Apparatus For measuring magnetic susceptibility and anisotropy
Authors: Christie K W , Symons D T A
Published: March 2016

This apparatus was built to determine rapidly the magnetic susceptibility and/or its anisotropy in rock specimens in a low a. c. field ("'" 0. 5 oersteds). It accepts cubic or right cylindrical specimens up to 22 cc in volume. It consists of two accurately
balanced a . c. transformers coupled to a commercial low-noise high - gain amplifier and digital voltmeter which allows volume susceptibilities as low as 5 x io - 8 emu(cgs) to be measured . To measure susceptibility only, the specimen is placed in the centre of one of the two identical sets of
coaxial transformer coils with the amount of unbalance created being linearly related to the susceptibility. Alternatively, the susceptibility may be measured by placing the specimen in the air gap of the ferrite core in one of the two identical incomplete -toroid transformers; the susceptibility
anisotropy is measured by moving a ferrite slug into the other air gap to balance the specimen's axial susceptibility and then rotating the specimen to measure the susceptibility difference for its other axes. It takes about 15 seconds per specimen to measure the susceptibility and a further 2
minutes to measure its anisotropy. T h e construction and calibration of the apparatus are discussed.
A recording thermomagnetic balance
Authors: Schwarz E J
Published: March 2016

An instrument is described that records continuously the force acting on a small specimen kept stationary in an inhomogeneous magnetic field produced by an electromagnet with specially cut pole caps. The force is displayed along one of the axes of an xy recorder
while either the temperature of the specimen (variable between -196 and 800 °C) or the magnetic field strength (variable between 0 and 7900 oe) is read along the other axis. The smallest magnetic moment that can be displayed per inch of the recorder chart is 1. 27 x lo-5 cgs emu + 3%. The
sensitivity may be decreased in calibrated steps to a maximum 0£2.5 cgs emu/inch deflection during operation. The system may be evacuated to below 10- torr. Some typical results are add) and briefly discussed.
L'application de la statistique au paléomagnétisme
Authors: Larochelle A
Published: March 2016

Standard statistical methods are adapted to the processing of paleomagnetic data from expressions derived for estimating the angular standard deviation and variance of a unit length vector population. It is shown that these expressions are valid whenever most of
the vectors in a sample diverge from their mean by an angle smaller than n/4. The analogue of a normal distribution for such a population is defined and an adaptation of the variance ratio method to the statistics of directions is described. A numerical example illustrates the application of these
theoretical considerations to an actual set of data.
Retreat of the last ice sheet from the maritime provinces, Gulf of St Lawrence Region
Authors: Prest V K , Grant D R
Published: March 2016

The popular concept of overriding Laurentide ice (Labradorean sector) in the Maritime ProvincPs - Gulf of St. Lawrence region is examined in terms of regional ice-flow patterns and other supporting data - and is found wanting. Are interpretation of the data, the
glacial lineations and other features presents a picture of localized, more or less radial outflow from certain upland and lowland areas. The pattern of ice-flow features and end moraines is shown to r e late to a rising sea level over the period from about 18, OOO to 11, OOO years B. P . The
maritime climatic regime enabled various parts of an Appalachian ice complex to remain active as the sea encroached on the depressed land masses. The deeper-water parts of the submerged coast served as 'leads ' into the ice fronts, with consequent development of calving bays and ice drawdown. It is
concluded that Laurentide ice was not as active over the Maritime Provinces as has generally been believed and that the growth of Appalachian glaciers during the build-up of the last continental ice sheet may have effectively barred Laurentide ice from some parts of the region. Laurentian Channel
served as an outlet that diverted Laurentide ice through Cabot Strait to Atlantic Ocean, so that Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton Is land do not show a pattern of Laurentide ice flow, and the Magdalen Islands remained unglaciated.
Surficial geology of the Kananaskis research forest and Marmot Creek Basin region of Alberta
Authors: Stalker A M
Published: March 2016

The Kananaskis Research Forest-Marmot Creek Basin lies along the Kananaskis River within the front ranges of the Rocky Mountains, some fifty miles west of Calgary. The mapped area covers 54 square miles. Four major glacier s are recorded, each smaller than the
previous one. The first three advanced down Kananaskis Valley to join glaciers in Bow Valley, north of t h e area, but the fourth apparently terminated in the region of Barrier Lake, short of the Bow Valley. The first covered all but the highest points in the area but, as all the glaciers left very
little drift in upland districts, bedrock is exposed over three-auarters of the area. Frostproduced rubble covers much of the unglaciated area. The bulk of the surficial deposits are found in the valleys. They consist of: glacial deposits of outwash and valley fill; glacial and postglacial deposits
laid down in streams and lakes during retreat of the last glacier. Generally while Bow Valley ice blocked t h e north end of Kananaskis Valley; and postglacial stream, fan and mass wasting deposits. Ground moraine, fan deposits, and post glacial alluvium form most of the surficial cover, but outwash
and lake sediment predominate in certain parts of the Research Forest. The four glaciers probably span all Wisconsin, and perhaps some pre-Wis consin, time. It is suggested that t h e last reached its maximum between 12, OOO and 10, OOO years ago, and that it corresponds to the Canmore advance in
Bow Valley.
Review of geochemical and geobotanical prospecting methods in Peatland
Authors: Usik L
Published: March 2016

The literature on prospecting in peatlands is reviewed. Suggestions are made for further work on a detailed and regional scale using peatlands in geochemical and geobotanical surveys to outline mineral belts and locate mineral deposits. A comprehensive
bibliography is included.