bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refractive Outcomes of Patients Treated for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Khan Ayesha , Haider Kathryn
Published: December 2021

Background: 
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease where the blood vessels in the eye fail to develop appropriately in infants born prematurely. Two effective treatments for ROP include laser photocoagulation therapy and intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB). Laser therapy has been linked to causing high myopia in children post-treatment. We hypothesize that patients treated with IVB alone or in combination with laser will have less myopia development than patients treated with laser therapy alone. 
Methods: 
Patient demographics, treatment details, refractive data at 6-9 months and 3-4 years, the occurrence of strabismus at 3 years, and the most recent vision data were collected from 133 ROP patients. Patients not treated at IU health and those lost to follow-up, or deceased before both eye exams, were excluded from the study. Quantitative analysis was used to compare the refractive error, strabismus, and vision outcomes between the three treatment groups. A linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the number of laser spots applied and refractive error. 
Results: 
Refractive outcomes at 6-9 months and 3-4 years, occurrence of strabismus, and vision outcomes were statistically similar between the three treatment groups. However, the laser group had the most occurrences of high myopia. We also observed a 0.002 unit decrease in refractive error, reported at 6–9-months, with each laser spot applied (p<0.001). This may be due to the influence of outliers because no significant relationship was seen at the 3–4 year exam. 
Conclusion and Potential Impact: 
There was no difference in outcomes among patients treated with IVB, laser, or a combination of both, with the exception of more myopic outliers in the laser-only group. We can therefore assume that ROP patients who have received one of these three treatments had developed differences in myopia independent of treatment modality.
MCMA: A Symbolic Multitrack Contrapuntal Music Archive
Authors: Aljanaki Anna , Kalonaris Stefano , Micchi Gianluca , Nichols Eric
Published: December 2021

We present Multitrack Contrapuntal Music Archive (MCMA, available at https://mcma.readthedocs.io), a symbolic dataset of pieces specifically curated to comprise, for any given polyphonic work, independent voices. So far, MCMA consists only of pieces from the Baroque repertoire but we aim to extend it to other contrapuntal music. MCMA is FAIR-compliant and it is geared towards musicological tasks such as (computational) analysis or education, as it brings to the fore contrapuntal interactions by explicit and independent representation. Furthermore, it affords for a more apt usage of recent advances in the field of natural language processing (e.g., neural machine translation). For example, MCMA can be particularly useful in the context of language-based machine learning models for music generation. Despite its current modest size, we believe MCMA to be an important addition to online contrapuntal music databases, and we thus open it to contributions from the wider community, in the hope that MCMA can continue to grow beyond our efforts. In this article, we provide the rationale for this corpus, suggest possible use cases, offer an overview of the compiling process (data sourcing and processing), and present a brief statistical analysis of the corpus at the time of writing. Finally, future work that we endeavor to undertake is discussed.
Some Aspects of Pedagogical Corpora
Authors: White Christopher WM.
Published: December 2021

This essay focuses on the characteristics of corpora drawn from pedagogical materials and contrasts them with the properties of corpora of larger repertoires. Two case studies show pedagogical corpora to contain relatively more chromaticism, and to devote more of their probability mass to low-frequency events. This is likely due to the formatting of and motivation behind classroom materials (for example, focusing proportionately more resources on difficult concepts). I argue that my observations challenge the utility of using pedagogical corpora within research into implicit learning. I also suggest that these datasets are uniquely situated to yield insights into explicit learning, and into how musical traditions are represented in the classroom.
Confluence of digital and conventional protocols in removable Prosthodontics- A clinical report
Authors: Prakash Poonam , Narayanan Ambika
Published: December 2021

Digitization in removable Prosthodontics offers multiple advantages such as digital surveying, designing the framework with components and obtaining a 3D printed resin framework which can be tried intraorally and cast using conventional techniques, teeth arrangement. This technology is time-saving, highly accurate, also allows digital archiving of casts. This case report presents utilization of digital techniques and conventional protocols in rehabilitation of a bilateral posterior edentulous mandibular arch with an attachment retained cast partial denture.
Catapulting Innovation: Linking Open Innovation with Innovation Procurement
Authors: Zuñiga Pluvia , Rubalcaba Luis , Fassio Rafael Carvalho de
Published: December 2021

The unprecedented speed of technological change--impacting all sectors of the economy--is changing how research is done, how companies work and do business, and how governments operate and relate to citizens. Innovation may be open, but it is not free. Innovation procurement does not end with the establishment of a supportive legal framework. To cope with the speed of these changes, systematic and mission-driven investments in science and technology capabilities are critical. At the same time, investments must enhance the capabilities of the public and private sectors to work collaboratively, with a supply and demand focus and a shared vision of the risks and returns on investments. This publication emphasizes the increasingly multidimensional and interconnected knowledge flows to accelerate innovation and endogenous capacities between institutions. It is the second in a series of three IDB documents on innovation procurement and open innovation in Brazil. Through this series, the Bank shows its commitment to investing in science, technology, and innovation and strengthening digital transformation.
Implementation of the Scalar Dissipation Rate in the REDIM Concept and its Validation for the Piloted Non-Premixed Turbulent Jet Flames
Authors: Yu C. , Maas U.
Published: December 2021

In order to address the impact of the concentration gradients on the chemistry – turbulence interaction in turbulent flames, the REDIM reduced chemistry is constructed incorporating the scalar dissipation rate, which is a key quantity describing the turbulent mixing process. This is achieved by providing a variable gradient estimate in the REDIM evolution equation. In such case, the REDIM reduced chemistry is tabulated as a function of the reduced coordinates and the scalar dissipation rate as an additional progress variable. The constructed REDIM is based on a detailed transport model including the differential diffusion, and is validated for a piloted non-premixed turbulent jet flames (Sandia Flame D and E). The results show that the newly generated REDIM can reproduce the thermo-kinetic quantities very well, and the differential molecular diffusion effect can also be well captured.
Factors Influencing the Kinetics of Water Vapour Adsorption on Activated Carbons
Authors: Boutillara Y. , Richelet L. , Velasco L.F. , Lodewyckx P.
Published: December 2021

The performance of porous carbon materials as sorbents is often compromised by the presence of humidity. Studying the kinetics of water vapour adsorption on activated carbons will undeniably help to overcome this issue. This has been approached in this work by evaluating the influence of several operational factors on the dynamic adsorption of water vapour in these materials. Specifically, different carbon types, particle sizes, air flows and ambient conditions (temperature and relative humidity (RH)) were systematically investigated. The impact of each isolated parameter on both the maximum water uptake and the uptake rate was analyzed by fitting the experimental data to the Linear Driving Force (LDF) kinetic model. The results show that except for the particle size, the studied variables play a role in the water sorption kinetics, although to a different extent. It was also confirmed that the LDF model can adequately describe the kinetics of water vapour adsorption independently of the experimental conditions. Finally, the complete water vapour adsorption process can be described by this model, obtaining a different value of the kinetic constant for the sequential stages, involving different adsorption mechanisms.
Análisis estratégico de la política de internacionalización en una institución de educación superior en Colombia
Authors: Yepes Zuluaga Sara María , Montes Granada Willer Ferney
Published: December 2021

Se presenta una investigación cualitativa descriptiva y documental teniendo como objeto de estudio la Política de Internacionalización (PI) del Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (ITM),  institución pública adscrita al Municipio de Medellín - Colombia; se emplea una metodología basada en la técnica de análisis documental, aplicada sobre documentos de organismos referentes internacionales de la Educación Superior (ES), planes y programas gubernamentales a nivel nacional y local; para validar la coherencia, pertinencia y gestión estratégica dispuesta para que la PI permee los ejes misionales institucionales, así como verificar su aporte a los propósitos definidos en los componentes teleológicos institucionales y a los Planes de Desarrollo Regionales y Nacionales. Para lograr esto se generan tablas de análisis con los hallazgos encontrados, visualizando un alto grado de coherencia entre los cinco ejes estratégicos de la PI con los ideales propuestos en los documentos de estos organismos internacionales, que incluyen una mirada al entorno global; se concluye que la PI va muy de la mano con los planes de desarrollo nacionales y locales, fortaleciendo características implícitas al desarrollo humano con una perspectiva global.
Digitalization of Tax Administration in Russia: Problems and Prospects
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Finance and Credit of the National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Efremova Tatyana A.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the issues of digitalization of tax administration in Russia. An assessment of the current situation in the informatization of the activities of tax authorities is given, showing significant results achieved by the Federal Tax Service of Russia: software systems ASK VAT, online cash registers, digital services for taxpayers, etc. It has been established that the tax service is the largest aggregator of a large pool of information used both by the service itself and provided to the databases of ministries and departments interacting with it. The problems that reduce the efficiency of the functioning of the information system of the tax authorities of Russia are identified, the main of which is the duplication and sometimes discrepancy of information about the same objects and events. It has been substantiated that a promising direction for the development of informatization of tax administration in Russia should be the creation of an interdepartmental information database that integrates management bodies, treasury, banks, customs, registration centers, accounting and property management services, land resources, etc. into a single information space.
RUMOURS ABOUT THE DEATH OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS ARE UNJUSTIFIED
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia) Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation LL.D., Professor, Naumov Anatoliy V.
Published: December 2021

The article challenges the point of view that is quite widespread in the doctrine and in the domestic media about the alleged collapse of the system of international law and cooperation of states in the field of criminal proceedings. The reasons for this phenomenon are investigated. At the same time, we analyze the operation (sometimes quite effective) of many international treaties (to which the Russian Federation is also a party). In addition, the action of the International Criminal Court as a permanent judicial body and possible ways to improve its effectiveness, the European Court of Human Rights are considered. The importance of participation in the information war is emphasized, which almost always corresponds to events taking place in the world related to the concept of, for example, aggression as an international crime and other crimes against the peace and security of mankind.
PECULIARITIES OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF THE INSTITUTION OF EXTRADITION OF AN INDIVIDUAL FOR CRIMINAL PROSECUTION OR SENTENCE EXECUTION IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY
Authors:   Head of the Department of Improvement of the Statutory Regulation of Penal System Activities of RESEARCH CENTER NO. 1 of the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia PhD (Law), Elchaninov Andrey P.
Published: December 2021

Тhe article examines the main provisions of the Russian legislation and international treaties of the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX century, govern the extradition of persons who committed crimes on the territory of Russia for their conviction in a state, which citizens they are, and also Russian citizens who have committed crimes in foreign countries, to condemn them in Russia. The use of the historical-comparative method allowed the author to conclude that the main provisions of the extradition of criminals to foreign countries, formulated by domestic lawyers in the second half of the XIX century, served as the basis for the development of this legal institution in modern Russia.
Mutual Learning for Policy Impact: Insights from CORE. Shaping Policy and Practice with Intersectional Gender Responsive Evidence (in the Context of Covid-19)
Authors: Meeker Jessica
Published: December 2021

On the 19 and 20 October 2021, the Institute of Development Studies hosted an online dialogue which aimed to enhance efforts to inform and influence policy, management, and practice with intersectional gender-responsive evidence by sharing learning between CORE cohort members from their approaches and experiences at country and regional levels. The event was attended by over 30 participants from 19 partners across the CORE cohort and highlighted the experiences of CORE partners Glasswing and the Arab Reform Initiative (ARI). This learning guide captures the practical insights and advice from the event, to help inform the practice of participants and other projects across the portfolio.
Global Evidence on the Prevalence and Impact of Online Gender-based Violence (OGBV)
Authors: Hicks Jacqueline
Published: December 2021

This rapid review updates a previous report (Fraser and Martineau-Searle, 2018) with evidence from 2018 onwards. It finds an evidence base on online gender-based violence (OGBV) covering a wider range of countries than the previous report. Some key findings on the nature and prevalence of OGBV include: The most recent surveys show a prevalence of OGBV ranging from 16% to 58%; Men and boys also experience online abuse in high numbers, but it is less likely to be gender-based; Several studies from different countries identify Facebook as the top location for incidents of OGBV; Higher levels of online harassment and abuse are faced by people with intersecting inequality factors; According to victim-survivors, perpetrators are more likely to be unknown and acting alone, but large numbers are known to the victims. Perpetrators themselves report divergent, multifaceted and often over-lapping motivations for their actions; Analysis of underlying drivers of OGBV highlights an overarching theme of power and control, and heteronormative expectations around gender roles and sexual practice. Many authors recommend that OGBV be understood as part of a continuum of abuse where normalised behaviours, such as sexual harassment in public spaces, shade into behaviours widely recognized as criminal, such as physical assault. The societal impact of OGBV includes: Media freedom is compromised; Democracy being undermined; Economic losses resulting from lost productivity; A ‘climate of unsafety’ prevails. Evidence base: The number of surveys about self-reported experiences with online harassment has increased rapidly. The majority of the research found during the course of this rapid review came from international and domestic non-governmental organisations and think-tanks. Academic research studies were also found, including several literature reviews.
Drivers of farmers’ usage of digital marketplace platform: evidence from India
Authors:   Penn State Harrisburg, USA, Agnihotri Arpita , Bhattacharya Saurabh ,   Newcastle University Business School, UK
Published: December 2021

Online trading by farmers is a critical component of the agricultural supply chain. Perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness of a digital marketplace enhances trust and then farmers’ intention to use that digital marketplace. This study, by leveraging a mediation model, explores the usage drivers of digital marketplaces by farmers in India. Indeed, farmers' intrinsic propensity to trust generally is a moderator of the relationship between trust and intention to use a digital marketplace. We assert the relationship between (a) perceived ease-of-use of technology and trust and (b) perceived usefulness and trust is moderated by perceived self-efficacy by farmers and the digital marketplace platform provider’s reputation who is offering the digital marketplace service. This study contributes to the field of smart agri-food supply chain literature, by exploring willingness of Indian farmers to trade their produce on digital market places and potential factors of influence.
Advances in fingerprint and rapid methods for improved traceability in agri-food supply chains
Authors:   ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods and Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Australia, Cozzolino Daniel , Smyth Heather E. ,   ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods and Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Australia, Sultanbawa Yasmina ,   ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods and Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Australia
Published: December 2021

Agri-food supply and value chain markets have become increasingly complex due to the changes in consumers demands, the development of complex food standards associated with food safety and quality, advances in technology (e.g. big data, machine learning), and changes in the food industry structure. However, recent issues related to food authenticity, adulteration, fraud, mislabelling, traceability and provenance have added a new dimension to consumers’ concerns, and food industry and regulatory bodies worldwide. The incorporation of sensing technologies combined with data analytics, are determining a paradigm shift in the way food ingredients and foods are both evaluated and monitored. This chapter discusses the utilisation of data analytics and sensing technologies to address issues related with food authenticity, adulteration, fraud, traceability and provenance in the food supply and value chains. In particular, this chapter will focus on the use of rapid analytical methods based in vibrational spectroscopy in combination with data analytics.
Advances in identifying GM plants: toward the routine detection of ‘hidden’ and ‘new’ GMOs
Authors:   INRA Honorary Directeur de recherche, Honorary Scientist at Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, France, Bertheau Yves
Published: December 2021

In 2018 the Court of Justice of the European Union recalled that organisms with genomes modified by artifactual techniques should be considered GMOs under European regulations. GMOs derived from cultures of cells isolated in vitro or from new genomic techniques must therefore be traceable. This chapter reviews the various technical steps and characteristics of those techniques causing genomic and epigenomic scars and signatures. These intentional and unintentional traces, some of which are already used for varietal identification, and are being standardized, can be used to identify these GMOs and differentiate them from natural mutants. The chapter suggests a routine procedure for operators and control laboratories to achieve this without additional costs.
Developing decision support systems for crop yield forecasts
Authors:   University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, USA, Liu Lin , Basso Bruno ,   Michigan State University, USA
Published: December 2021

This chapter discusses existing yield forecasting systems in which the yield forecasts are driven by integration of different data sources, such as output of crop modeling, remote sensing and gridded climate datasets. It first provides overviews of the two predominant modeling approaches— crop simulation modeling and statistical modeling— to forecasting crop yield, with an emphasis on their respective use for operational crop yield forecasting systems. The chapter then briefly describes the accuracy and lead time of the existing yield forecasting models. Lastly, it provides a case study that integrates digital tools, field surveys, and crop modeling to provide on-time maize yield forecasts in small fields in Tanzania. The chapter concludes with a summary and future perspectives for research.
Sustainable development and new forms of work. A scenario of common, basic challenges for public and private players (International Labour Forum – Academic Discussion «Employment and the Labour Market: Contours of De-Standardisation» St.Petersburg, 23 Apr
Authors: Ricceri Marco
Published: December 2021

The article illustrates the implications for the world of work of two decisive factors of change in the global situation: the joint commitment of states to promote sustainable development according to the normative guidelines of the United Nations and the effects of the pandemic crisis. It proposes the reference to the institutionalist theoretical approach as the most appropriate to provide a valid interpretation of the diversity of orientations in economic and social development policies, including labour policies, which occur on the global scene. The article presents the analyzes on the professions of the future and the relative employment prospects for 2030 contained in two studies developed in Italy on the basis of predictive models that applied specific Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, officially presented in the first half of 2021. Presented research recalls the ultimate meaning of the phenomenon of structural crisis, the value of institutionalist theory in understanding the complexity of the processes of development, and progress of communities and, in the context of the choice for sustainability, the importance of the changes that lie ahead in the world of work in relation to the specific green and digital transition processes currently promoted by the states. Article’s findings may stimulate research on predictive models in the field of employment and new professions projected beyond short-term trends, in the broader dimensions of perspectives and scenarios
Accounting Information System Implementation and Compatibility with MSMEs Accounting Standards for Preparing Financial Statements at Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Indrayati Indrayati
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the application of Accounting Information Systems in micro, small and medium enterprises in Malang Raya. With a population of entrepreneurs of trade and services and industry in Malang with a sample of 200 respondents. The form of research is interpretive research with primary data, and data collection is a survey using a questionnaire. The study results indicate that many micro and small companies in Malang Raya have implemented accounting information systems but have not been able to perfectly compile complete financial reports that can be used for economic decision-making. However, medium-sized companies have started to make perfect records. Accounting information systems include purchasing systems, sales systems, production systems, cash disbursements, and cash receipts systems.
Digital simulation cylindrical milling process with end mills
Authors: Petrakov Yurii , Sikailo Maksym
Published: December 2021

Any cutting process is accompanied by vibrations that can lead to a chatter of machining surface and even to a loss of stability. Mathematical modeling helps to solve such problems of the choice of cutting mode that provide vibration-free machining. The developed mathematical model takes into account the closed of the cutting process and machining "on the trail", which is implemented in its structural diagram representing the process, feedbacks and a function of a delay argument. The dynamic model of a technological machining system is represented by a single-mass model with two degrees of freedom. The developed block diagram of the system together with numerical algorithms for solving the geometric intersection of the cutter tooth with the workpiece and the numerical method of integrating differential equations form the basis of the created application program for digital modeling of the process. The simulation results indicate an adequate response of the program as a whole, which allows us to take the proposed methodology as the basis for further improvement of the virtual research process and the prediction of its real properties. Key words: Cylindrical milling, end mill, digital simulation.
Predicting the effect of bullets, shrapnel, explosions and other shock loads on military mobile robots
Authors: Strutinsky Vasyl , Parnenko Valeria , Rodin Radion
Published: December 2021

The factors that influence the probability of failure-free robots of mobile robots for military purposes are determined when they are hit by bullets, fragments, explosions and other shock loads. It has been established that the areas of greatest danger for special-purpose mobile robots are the barrel group, actuators, guidance system, ammunition stores, etc. On this basis, recommendations have been developed to improve the survivability of military mobile robots.
Dominant science in the State target scientific and technical program of aviation industry development for 2021-2030
Authors: Krivov George
Published: December 2021

In recent decades, JSC UkrNDIAT has traditionally performed the functions of co-developer and integrator of state programs for the development of the domestic aviation industry. Currently, the latest "State Targeted Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of the Aviation Industry for 2021-2030" (hereinafter - the Program-2030) has passed all necessary approvals and elaboration and is awaiting approval by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
Pandemic COVID-19 and Population Migration: Cases of Italy and Sweden
Authors: Goffe N. , Grishin I.
Published: December 2021

Having emerged in a global world with its high cross-border population mobility, the COVID‑19 pandemic could not but affect the basic characteristics of this process. Almost everywhere, partial or complete restrictions on movements between countries and within individual nations have been recognized as one of the most effective means of combating the spread of the infection. This resulted in a broad blocking of tourist flows and business trips, as well as in the increased difficulties of students studying abroad and the serious reduction of labour mobility. The problems associated with the need to regulate migration flows in emergency conditions are considered in the article using the example of two – at first glance different, but in fact clearly overlapping – country cases. The selection of Italy and Sweden is not accidental. These nations have demonstrated both similarities and differences in the objective circumstances and subjective factors that determined their chosen strategies to combat the pandemic and the priorities of their migration policies. The deep differences in socio-cultural traditions and the dissimilarity of these strategies between the two countries are reflected, in particular, in the divergent impact of COVID‑19 and its consequences on social cohesion, weakening it in Italy and strengthening it in Sweden. The increased relevance of the problem of migration in the mass consciousness that associated with the coronavirus pandemic is fraught with the emergence and spread of erroneous stereotypes, philistine phobias, and conspiracy theories. This explains the revival of the tendency to strengthen the role of anti-immigrant populist and nationalist parties and movements, which may lead to a corresponding change in the configuration and balance of political forces.
US Households Incomes under Pandemic
Authors: Lebedeva L.
Published: December 2021

Considering income is a key point for most people’s well- being, the article is focusing on the role of economic situation in the country and government policy transfers to meet American household’s expenses under pandemic. While economic trends being quite positive for the well-being of most adults before pandemic, it has become a serious problem for them during COVID‑19 stress. The economic well-being of the American households depends mainly on wages; with dividends, percent, rent income and government transfers coming by. The government programs have been of great importance for personal incomes support, but the uncertainty of the economic recovery demands to continue providing needed relief to Americans. Meanwhile continuing extraordinary budget spending for providing relief to American families and communities have turned out in the highest – since the middle of the last century – federal budget deficit. After President Biden in March signed into law the American Rescue Plan, this financial year budget’s deficit may even exceed the previous one. President Biden’s proposals may also represent important steps toward increasing tax revenues by making wealthy people to pay more fair amount of taxes on their income; raising the top marginal income tax rate, requiring. But, it would depend on changing current laws regulating taxes. The article also highlights continuing financial concerns for many households facing uncertainty of economic recovery, and especially challenges for those who lack savings, government transfers. It is pointing out that at the beginning of the Biden’s presidency the percentage of Americans who worry a great deal about hunger, homelessness as the consequences of poverty, unemployment has been rising. The financial security of the households will depend on the economic situation; the government policy to meet income declines and provide greater income stability through increased social insurance.
Spain at the Crossing to the Stress-Resistant Growth Model
Authors: Yakovlev P. , Yakovleva N.
Published: December 2021

The authors analyze the most significant changes taking place in the socio-economic sphere and in the field of international relations of Spain under the influence of recent crisis shocks. The focus is on the complex and contradictory process of forming a resilient (stress-resistant) growth model, which should determine the main vector of development of the Spanish state for the period up to 2050. For the first time in the national scientific literature the key components of the new model are comprehensively studied, and a predictive assessment of the areas of structural changes in the economy, social sphere and international policy of Spain is given. A special place is reserved for consideration of the current state and prospects of Russian-Spanish trade and economic relations. The article shows that the Spanish state, after several decades of progressive development, is in a state of escape from the maze of crisis shocks and another transitional period associated with the need for deep socio-economic transformations. In fact, we are talking about the formation of a new model of growth: instead of the paradigm of development established at the end of the last century, which rested on three “whales”: construction and trade of real estate, accepting international tourism and priority trade and investment cooperation with partners in the European Union. In the face of largely unprecedented internal and external challenges, the Spanish State must adopt a new macroeconomic policy that takes into account the tectonic changes that have taken place (and continue to occur) in the modern world. The future of Spain and its place on the geoeconomic map depend on how the political leadership of the country, business and society as a whole will make a major transformation. Spanish socio-economic realities, interesting and significant as themselves, have an international sound and significance, as they closely correlate with the problems of a long number of countries in the world (including Russia, the states of southeastern Europe and Latin America) facing a similar challenge – the need to change the growth model. It is not so important whether their ruling circles are focused or not on this issue now, the need exists objectively and makes itself felt more and more every day.
Russia in the Plans and Programs of PRC Border Regions
Authors: Larin V.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes how the authorities of bordering Russia PRC’s regions intend to exploit Russian economic potential in order to further develop their territories. Based on the study of the Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region’s 14th five-year plans of socio-economic development, other official documents, as well as the results of last decade Russia-China cross-border interactions, the author comes to conclusion that for the last decades these territories’ authorities did not change previously formed approaches to Russia. He identifies traditions, variations and innovations in the policies of each region and pays special attention to the cities of Suifenhe and Heihe, which are the most interested in cooperation with their northern neighbor. The author argues that relations with Russia are of fundamental importance for Heilongjiang province only, while the other two regions look at it only as an additional mechanism to solve energy and communication problems. Besides, their interest goes far beyond the border regions of Russia, the Far Eastern and even Siberian federal districts and is aimed at the entire territory of Russia. The analyzed documents contain a number of innovations like the expansion of scientific and technological, cooperation, financial and digital interaction with Russia, but they are predominantly declarative in nature. The main focus is made on expanding imports of Russian energy resources and raw materials, creating a network of processing industries in Northern part of China, increasing exports of local industrial and agricultural products and services to Russia, making cross-border transport corridors more efficient, and creating various “special areas of interaction”. Analysis shows that China’s acquisition of the status of a global power and its entry into the “new era” of socialism building only slightly corrected the views of Beijing and border territories on Russian economic potential as a source of China development.
Russia’s Strategy in the African Direction: what has Changed Since the Russia-Africa Summit 2019?
Authors: Abramova I. , Fituni L.
Published: December 2021

More than two years have passed since the first Russia-Africa Summit and Economic Forum, which were successfully held in Sochi in October 2019. The very fact of holding an event of this magnitude testifies both to the historical “turn” of the Russian Federation towards the African continent, and to the unprecedented enthusiasm of the African side about the “return” of Russia to Africa. The task facing the organizers of the next Russia-Africa Summit is to consolidate and build on the success achieved in October 2019. Obviously, the second forum should not be a repetition of the first, but a qualitatively new step in the development of Russian-African relations, therefore, its meaningful content needs to be substantially enhanced and expanded. It is necessary to move from the formulation of goals and objectives of Russian policy in the African direction to the implementation of specific projects and the development of a mechanism and tools for mutually beneficial cooperation. It is vital to show the Africans exactly how Russia differs from other partners of the continent, and to highlight those areas of cooperation that can contribute to the implementation of the strategic development tasks of the Russian Federation and the African continent. The authors of the article posit, that the key link in our relations in the near future, which will be attractive for African countries and will contribute to the successful economic development of the Russian Federation, can be the development of bilateral opportunities for technological partnership, since it becomes for the interacting parties a driver for the development of their economies in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and an incentive to create new strategic alliances. In a post-pandemic world, the demand for Russian technologies in Africa can grow significantly, since Russia has high competencies in precisely those areas that are most in demand today on the African continent. The transfer of Russian technologies, as well as cooperation in the scientific field, are not only beneficial to Russia in terms of image, presenting Moscow as a force contributing to the advanced development of Africa and strengthening its economic sovereignty. It allows our country to form an army of its supporters in the states of the continent by solving the problem of overcoming technological backwardness and training qualified personnel who will master and promote specifically Russian technological solutions. In addition, Russia receives a vast “testing ground” for processing and improving its technologies, which are in demand by the fast-growing young African population, and a huge market for Russian high-tech goods and services, which is so necessary for many Russians, including regional, manufacturers who are ready to increase their production, but experience difficulties in marketing their produce.
SOME ASPECTS REGARDING TOURISM AND YOUTH’S MOBILITY
Authors: Moisă Claudia
Published: December 2021

To many countries of world, youth tourism represents the movement of the youth, that have a higher education, which represents an important income, source for that countries. Very important is the relationship between the tourism and various operational exchange programmes for students, as SOCRATES and ERASMUS for Europe or the European Community of West African States (ECOWAS) for intercultural exchanges between the students. Beginning from the Antiquity, wealthy young people had the privilege to discover the world and to aquisit new knowledge over practicing tourism abroad, the educational tourism being in the centre of the interest for the high society with high incomes. Since the end of the Second World War, a big number of politicians, more or less young, promoted the traveling idea as a factor of permanent education, and the governmental organizations with attributions in the field regarding the young people have promoted the young’s mobility, first, at national level, the first mobility actions for young people of “Knowledge…” type being addressed to large number of people. In a short time, the governments of different countries have established protocols and bilateral accords within which lots of programs permitted to the young people, teachers, professors and animators to have abroad trips. In the last period, the most utilized concept is that of mobility, of intercultural learning, of recapture, of study traveling, all these referring to the young travelers, in this case supporting being essential, at national or at European level, which is exemplified by the professional level mobility or at educational level.
THE DEVELOPMENT DESIGN MODEL IN THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INTELLIGENT BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS
Authors: Stipanović Christian , Bareša Suzana
Published: December 2021

Croatian hotel and tourism companies are failing to keep abreast of modern tourism trends in the globalised marketplace of the twenty-first century. The imperative is to innovate the development design model based on a new value system. A precondition to success is transforming sluggish, inert companies that live according to the mindset of the past century into high-growth intelligent organisations capable of actively creating the future.The intelligent business organisation, founded on a new generation of managers, employee empowerment, software solutions and expert systems, needs to manage data and information to generate new development trends. The aim is to valorise intellectual capital and information in making innovations and creating new solutions in order to be able to stand up to rivals and more fully meet the needs of clients.
EXAMINING THE CONCEPT OF GOVERNANCE IN TOURISM RESEARCH
Authors: Bock Isabel Angelica , Costa Rui , Rodrigues Carlos , Macke Janaina
Published: December 2021

Purpose – Governance is a polysemous concept that has been gaining the attention of social scientists and humanists over the last three decades. Tourism governance studies have mirrored the knowledge developed within traditional disciplines to analyse processes in different spheres of action. This paper aims to perceive how tourism governance has been applied in scientific research over recent decades, in terms of its conceptualization, territorial scale and the type of territory studied. Design – Using a literature review, we present an analysis of governance in tourism studies and we show the potential of textual statistics for the analysis of huge amounts of textual data. Methodology – Data were extracted from SCOPUS, from 1999 to 2020, based on the keywords ‘governance’ and ‘tourism’. All abstracts were encoded and analysed using ALCESTE software. Findings – The findings reveal a great concern with sustainability, especially with the environmental and social impacts generated by tourism, and destination management, with an emphasis on the performance of the public sector through local and regional institutions and their relations with local tourism stakeholders. Originality of the research – The novelty of this work is the analysis of the conceptual framework and implementation practises in governance and tourism using an innovative software tool for textual analysis.
évocation ou le prodigieux pouvoir de l'appellation d'origine
Authors: Visse-Causse Séverine
Published: December 2021

L’appellation d’origine est souvent l’objet d’une manipulation dont l’intention est immuable : induire le consommateur en erreur.
répression des mentions valorisantes : un contentieux tumultueux
Authors: Chirez Matthieu , Tourrette Nathalie
Published: December 2021

1. Eu égard aux sanctions lourdes infligées en matière de mentions valorisantes et parfois au manque de lisibilité de la règlementation pour le non-juriste (I), il peut s’avérer dans l’intérêt des opérateurs du monde viticole de transiger en cas de poursuites pénales (II). Présentation d’une procédure – la composition pénale - méconnue mais efficace
Synaptic plasticity is altered by treatment with pharmacological levels of retinoic acid acting nongenomically however endogenous retinoic acid has not been shown to control synaptic plasticity
Authors: Duester Gregg
Published: December 2021

A paper recently published by eLife on forebrain cortical synaptic plasticity reports that retinoic acid (RA) alters synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells (Lenz et al., 2021). RA is the active form of vitamin A that functions as a ligand for nuclear RA receptors that directly bind genomic control regions to regulate gene expression (Chambon, 1996; Ghyselinck and Duester, 2019). However, some studies have suggested that RA may have nongenomic effects outside of the nucleus, particularly with regard to synaptic plasticity (Aoto et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2018). The current results reported by Lenz et al. demonstrate that treatment with pharmacological levels of RA can alter synaptic plasticity which may be useful to treat neurological diseases (Lenz et al., 2021). However, the results reported here and those reported by others have not shown that endogenous RA is normally required for synaptic plasticity (or any other nongenomic effect) as there are no reports of genetic loss-of-function studies that remove endogenous RA in adult brain. The implication is that pharmacological levels of RA result in nongenomic effects, some of which may be helpful to treat certain diseases but in other cases this may cause unwanted side-effects.
The Drivers and Barriers of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Comparison of the MENA Region and Western Countries
Authors: Alizadeh Amin
Published: December 2021

Although numerous articles have been published to address drivers or barriers of corporate social responsibility (CSR), some parts of the world have received less attention. In this study, I reviewed the literature, from 2010 to 2021, to identify drivers and barriers of CSR in the the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and compare them with the findings in western countries. (2) Methods: For this study, I used a structured literature review method. By setting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 28 articles remained from selected database; (3) Results: The findings revealed some CSR drivers, such as leadership styles, profitability, reputation, moral commitment, and environmental conservation are common in both regions. There are also some differences between CSR drivers, for example religious beliefs, low concentration of ownership, and company characteristics are some of the drivers in the MENA region. Maintaining social license to operate, avoiding the risks of community opposition, pressure from the government, and consumer demand tend to be more important in western countries. Common barriers in both regions are lack of financial resources, cost, lack of CSR knowledge and awareness, and ownership concentration. This review also highlighted that lack of law enforcement, lack of stakeholder communication, lack of management commitment, lack of interests, corruption, and financial debts are some of the addressed barriers of CSR in the MENA region, while cost/benefit ratio, lack of customer interest, and lack of scientific frameworks are the special barriers in western countries. (4) Conclusions: While researchers in western countries have more focus on energy sector, there is a lack of research about drivers and barriers of CSR in the MENA region in several industries, including oil and gas.