bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT NỘI SOI ĐIỀU TRỊ CHỬA NGOÀI TỬ CUNG TẠI KHOA SẢN BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN NĂM 2020
Authors: Thị Hồng Lê Nông , Thị Nga Nguyễn , Thị Giang Nguyễn , Đức Thọ Lê
Published: July 2021

Mở đầu: Nhằm đánh giá kết quả điều trị phẫu thuật nội soi ở những bệnh nhân chửa ngoài tử cung. Chúng tôi tiến hành nghiên cứu đề tài: “Kết quả phẫu thuật nội soi điều trị chửa ngoài tử cung tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên năm 2020” Phương pháp: Mô tả cắt ngang 94 bệnh nhân bị thai ngoài tử cung được phẫu thuật nội soi tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên  từ tháng 01/03/2020 đến 31/12/2020. Chúng tôi ghi nhận triệu chứng, tỷ lệ thành công lượng máu mất, thời gian phẫu thuật và biến chứng sau mổ. Kết quả:  tuổi trung bình là 27,64±8,26 (17 - 42), tiền sử thai ngoài tử cung 9,57%, tiền sử đặt dụng dụng cụ tử cung 23,40%, tiền sử viêm sinh dục 58,51%, tiền sử hút thai ≥ 2 lần 36,17%. Tỷ lệ phẫu thuật nội soi thành công 100%, phẫu thuật cắt vòi tử cung chiếm 96,4%. Không có biến chứng nặng nề sau mổ.
HIỆU QUẢ DỰ PHÒNG BỆNH NHA CHU Ở HỌC SINH 12 TUỔI TẠI TỈNH TIỀN GIANG
Authors: Hoàng Hạnh Lê , Văn Trầm Tạ , Thành Tài Lê , Thị Phương Đan Trần
Published: July 2021

Đặt vấn đề: gánh nặng do bệnh răng miệng gây ra trong cộng đồng là không nhỏ. Nên phải quan tâm đến dự phòng bệnh răng miệng, trong đó có bệnh nha chu, dự phòng ngay từ lứa tuổi trẻ em. Mục tiêu: đánh giá hiệu quả dự phòng bệnh nha chu ở học sinh 12 tuổi tại tỉnh Tiền Giang. Phương pháp: nghiên cứu can thiệp có đối chứng, 1.259 học sinh không sâu răng được chia thành 3 nhóm, can thiệp giáo dục sức khỏe răng miệng, súc miệng nước Colgate® Plax trong 18 tháng và đánh giá kết quả sau 30 tháng. Kết quả: sau can thiệp, tỷ lệ học sinh mắc bệnh nha chu cao nhất ở nhóm chứng (74,4%), giảm dần ở nhóm can thiệp 1 (47,8%) và thấp nhất ở nhóm can thiệp 2 (41,8%); hiệu quả can thiệp giữa nhóm can thiệp 1 và 2 so nhóm chứng tăng lần lượt là 29,4% và 38,4%. Hiệu quả can thiệp giữa nhóm can thiệp 1 và 2 so với nhóm chứng về trung bình: nhu cầu điều trị nha chu cộng đồng (CPITN) tăng lần lượt là 9,5% và 93,4%; mảng bám răng (DIS) tăng 544,6% và 559,9%; vôi răng (CIS) giảm 41,6% và tăng 41,7%; vệ sinh răng miệng (OHIS) tăng 92,8% và 119,4%. Kết luận: giáo dục sức khỏe răng miệng kết hợp nước súc miệng mang lại hiệu quả dự phòng bệnh nha chu cao hơn giáo dục sức khỏe đơn thuần.
CULTURA POLITICA Y SU INCIDENCIA EN EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA CONDUCTA DEL LOGRO
Authors: BOLUARTE MEDINA VICTOR
Published: July 2021

Actualmente en la sociedad existen limitantes para reforzar las conductas competitivas como un factor educacional relevante enfocadas en el reconocimiento o el logro personal. La cultura política significa el cómo esta sociedad aborda los temas concernientes a la distribución de ideas, conocimiento, poder, etc.; su percepción sobre las relacionas entre sus individuos, una cultura política ligada al concepto de democracia y a su vez esta promueva la competitividad, la idea de la conducta del logro en la sociedad. Así también existe la cultura política del autoritarismo dirigiendo a la sociedad a un fin colectivo y teniendo a un ente que se responsabilice por los abusos de tal sociedad; de la misma forma, el reivindicacionismo que dirige a la sociedad a que esta se libere de dominaciones externas causantes de su estancamiento, esta podrá salir adelante deshaciéndose de su condición oprimida. El caudillismo, otro elemento, es la búsqueda de algún personaje protector y libertador de la sociedad quebrada que lucha y echa la culpa a otros de sus desgracias; el milenarismo se acerca a la creencia de una venida próspera de situaciones anteriores mejores que las actuales. Tales elementos impiden el desarrollo de una adecuada cultura política democrática enfocada en la competitividad educativa.
BATALLAS FÍLMICAS POR LOS DERECHOS DE LA MUJER
Authors: CHÁVEZ HUANCA EDDY
Published: July 2021

La vigencia de nuestros derechos relata la presencia de los principios universales de la humanidad, aquellos proclamados en revoluciones y sendas reformas que buscaban decir basta al status quo donde el derecho solo reflejaba un sostén perverso para apuntalar a los grupos de poder.

ABSTRACT

The validity of our rights relates the presence of the universal principles of humanity, those proclaimed in revolutions and reforms that sought to say enough to the status quo where the law only reflected a perverse support to prop up the power groups.
„Tragedija“, bet „labai naudinga“ – Liublino unijos vertinimai naujausioje lietuvių istoriografijoje
Authors: Sliesoriūnas Gintautas
Published: July 2021

Straipsnyje glaustai apibūdinamas vertinimų laukas, kur naujausioje lietuviškoje istoriografijoje, tiriančioje 1569 m. sudarytos Liublino unijos problematiką, daugiau ar mažiau vyrauja bendras sutarimas, o kur ryškėja nauji istorikų vertinimų skirtumai. Aptariant šią problemą, pirmiausiai kreipiamas dėmesys į tai, kaip lietuvių istoriografijoje apibūdinama Liubline įkurta bendra Lenkijos ir Lietuvos valstybė. Taip pat bandoma atkreipti dėmesį į tą aplinkybę, kad tebetrūksta kryptingų mokslinių tyrimų, galinčių įtikinamai pagrįsti naujausioje lietuviškoje istoriografijoje ir ypač viešajame diskurse bei didaktiniuose tekstuose populiarėjančią tezę, kad 1569 m. sudaryta Liublino unija išgelbėjo Lietuvą nuo neišvengiamos aneksijos ar „pasidavimo Maskvai“.
A Comparative Study of Aggression among Student Teachers of Humanities and Sciences
Authors: Goel Preeti , Naaz Ishrat
Published: July 2021

Aggression is an emotion felt by almost all of us in life on a regular basis. But this emotion can be very dangerous if not properly controlled in personal as well as in professional life. Aggression among youth is caused by ill treatment of teachers (Deb et al., 2017; Gershoff, 2017;Longobardi et al., 2018). Since teachers are the role models to their students, they learn this by imitating aggressive behaviour of teachers. Teachers need to demonstrate the upright behaviours with their students in and out classrooms, that would be reflected in their students. Therefore, teachers should be trained in such a way that they identify and handle their own as well as student aggressiveness in the classroom. Most teacher education institutes (TEIs) have failed to offer such training that deals with aggression (Myles, 1993). It becomes pertinent to study the level of aggression among students of two different disciplines. 60 student teachers (30 Sciences & 30 Humanities) from Khalsa College of Education, Punjab were taken for the current study. Buss Perry Aggression scale (1992) was used to collect data from student teachers. Data was tabulated and final interpretations gave some interesting figures indicating the overall mean score of student teachers of Khalsa College of Education (M = 81.8; S.D = 21.08) to be average. The student teachers of Sciences (N=30;M=85.7; S.D=17.45) compared to student teachers from humanities (N=30;M=77; S.D=23.8045) demonstrated significantly better peak flow scores, t(60) = 1.456, p = 0.075. There was no significant effect of subjects t (60) = 1.7, p = .097, despite Sciences student teachers (M=85.7; S.D=17.45) attaining higher scores than humanities student teachers (M=77; S.D=23.8045).

Keywords: Aggression, Humanities, Sciences, Student Teachers
A Model Intercomparison of Stratospheric Solar Geoengineering by Accumulation-Mode Sulfate Aerosols
Authors: Weisenstein Debra K. , Visioni Daniele , Franke Henning , Niemeier Ulrike , Vattioni Sandro , Chiodo Gabriel , Peter Thomas , Keith David W.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Analyses of stratospheric solar geoengineering have focused on sulfate aerosol, and almost all climate model experiments on sulfate aerosol have assumed injection of SO2. Yet continuous injection of SO2 may produce overly large aerosols. Injection of SO3 or H2SO4 from an aircraft in stratospheric flight is expected to produce new accumulation-mode particles (AM-H2SO4), and such injection may allow the sulfate aerosol size distribution to be nudged towards higher radiative efficacy. We report the first multi-model intercomparison of AM-H2SO4 injection. We compare three models: CESM2(WACCM), MAECHAM5-HAM, and SOCOL-AER coordinated as a testbed experiment within the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). The intercomparison explores how the injection of new accumulation-mode particles changes the large-scale particle size distribution and thus the overall radiative and dynamical response to sulfate aerosol injection. Each model used the same injection scenarios testing AM-H2SO4 and SO2 injections at 5 and 25 Tg(S) yr−1 to test linearity and climate response sensitivity. All three models find that AM-H2SO4 injection increases the radiative efficacy, defined as the radiative forcing per unit of sulfur injection, relative to SO2 injection. Increased radiative efficacy means that when compared to the use of SO2 to produce the same radiative forcing, AM-H2SO4 emissions could reduce some side-effects of sulfate aerosol geoengineering such as stratospheric heating. We explore the sensitivity to injection pattern by comparing injection at two points at 30° N and 30° S to injection in a belt along the equator between 30° S and 30° N, and find opposite impacts on radiative efficacy for AM-H2SO4 and SO2, suggesting that prior model results for concentrated injection of SO2 may be strongly dependent on model resolution. Model differences arise from differences in aerosol formulation and differences in model transport and resolution, factors whose interplay cannot be easily untangled by this intercomparison.
Experimental investigation of the stable water isotope distribution in an Alpine lake environment (L-WAIVE)
Authors: Chazette Patrick , Flamant Cyrille , Sodemann Harald , Totems Julien , Monod Anne , Dieudonné Elsa , Baron Alexandre , Seidl Andrew , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian , Doira Pascal , Durand Amandine , Ravier Sylvain
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In order to gain understanding on the vertical structure of
atmospheric water vapour above mountain lakes and to assess its link with the
isotopic composition of the lake water and with small-scale dynamics (i.e.
valley winds, thermal convection above complex terrain), the L-WAIVE
(Lacustrine-Water vApor Isotope inVentory Experiment) field campaign was
conducted in the Annecy valley in the French Alps during 10 d in June
2019. This field campaign was based on an original experimental synergy
between a suite of ground-based, boat-borne, and two ultra-light aircraft
(ULA) measuring platforms implemented to characterize the thermodynamic and
isotopic composition above and in the lake. A cavity ring-down spectrometer
and an in-cloud liquid water collector were deployed aboard one of the ULA
to characterize the vertical distribution of the main stable water isotopes
(H216O, H218O and H2H16O) both in the air and
in shallow cumulus clouds. The temporal evolution of the meteorological
structures of the low troposphere was derived from an airborne Rayleigh–Mie
lidar (embarked on a second ULA), a ground-based Raman lidar, and a wind
lidar. ULA flight patterns were repeated several times per day to capture
the diurnal evolution as well as the variability associated with the
different weather events encountered during the field campaign, which
influenced the humidity field, cloud conditions, and slope wind regimes in
the valley. In parallel, throughout the campaign, liquid water samples of
rain, at the air–lake water interface, and at 2 m depth in the lake were
taken. A significant variability of the isotopic composition was observed
along time, depending on weather conditions, linked to the transition from
the valley boundary layer towards the free troposphere, the valley wind
intensity, and the vertical thermal stability. Thus, significant gradients
of isotopic content have been revealed at the transition to the free
troposphere, at altitudes between 2.5 and 3.5 km. The influence of the lake
on the atmosphere isotopic composition is difficult to isolate from other
contributions, especially in the presence of thermal instabilities and
valley winds. Nevertheless, such an effect appears to be detectable in a
layer of about 300 m thickness above the lake in light wind conditions. We
also noted similar isotopic compositions in cloud drops and rainwater.
Coupled and decoupled stratocumulus-topped boundary layers: turbulence properties
Authors: Nowak Jakub L. , Siebert Holger , Szodry Kai-Erik , Malinowski Szymon P.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. We compare turbulence properties in coupled and decoupled marine stratocumulus-topped boundary layers (STBLs) using high-resolution in situ measurements performed by the helicopter-borne Airborne Cloud Turbulence Observation System (ACTOS) platform in the region of the eastern North Atlantic. The thermodynamically well-mixed coupled STBL was characterized by a comparable latent heat flux at the surface and in the cloud-top region, and substantially smaller sensible heat flux in the entire depth. Turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) was efficiently generated by buoyancy in the cloud and at the surface, and dissipated with comparable rate across the entire depth. Structure functions and power spectra of velocity fluctuations in the inertial range were reasonably consistent with the predictions of Kolmogorov theory. The turbulence was close to isotropic. In the decoupled STBL, decoupling was most obvious in humidity profiles. Heat fluxes and buoyant TKE production at the surface were similar to the coupled case. Around the transition level, latent heat flux decreased to zero and TKE was consumed by weak stability. In the cloud-top region, heat fluxes almost vanished and buoyancy production was significantly smaller than for the coupled case.
The TKE dissipation rate inside the decoupled STBL varied between its sublayers. Structure functions and power spectra in the inertial range deviated from Kolmogorov scaling. This was more pronounced in the cloud and subcloud layer in comparison to the surface mixed layer. The turbulence was more anisotropic than in the coupled STBL, with horizontal fluctuations dominating. The degree of anisotropy was largest in the cloud and subcloud layer of the decoupled STBL. Integral length scales, of the order of 100 m in both cases, indicate turbulent eddies smaller than the depth of the coupled STBL or of the sublayers of the decoupled STBL. We hypothesize that turbulence produced in the cloud or close to the surface is redistributed across the entire coupled STBL but rather only inside the sublayers where it was generated in the case of the decoupled STBL. Scattered cumulus convection, developed below the stratocumulus base, may play a role in transport between those sublayers.
Leveraging machine learning for quantitative precipitation estimation from Fengyun-4 geostationary observations and ground meteorological measurements
Authors: Li Xinyan , Yang Yuanjian , Mi Jiaqin , Bi Xueyan , Zhao You , Huang Zehao , Liu Chao , Zong Lian , Li Wanju
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Deriving large-scale and high-quality precipitation products from satellite remote sensing spectral data is always challenging in quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE), and limited studies have been conducted even using the China’s latest Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) geostationary satellite. Taking three rainstorm events over South China as examples, a Random Forest (RF) model framework for FY-4A QPE during daytime/nighttime is established by using FY-4A multi-band spectral information, cloud parameters, high-density precipitation observations, and physical quantities from reanalysis data. During daytime (nighttime), the probability of detection of the RF model for precipitation is 0.99 (0.99), while the correlation coefficient and root-mean-square error between the retrieved and observed precipitation are 0.77 (0.82) and 1.84 (2.32) mm/h, respectively, indicating that the RF model of FY-4A QPE has high precipitation retrieval accuracy. In particular, the RF model exhibits good spatiotemporal predictive ability for precipitation intensities within the range of 0.5–10 mm/h. For the retrieved accumulated precipitation, the precipitation intensity exhibits a greater impact on the predictive ability of the QPE algorithm than the precipitation duration. Due to the higher density of automatic stations in urban areas, the accuracy of FY-4A QPE over such areas is higher compared with rural areas. Both the accumulated precipitation and the distribution density of automatic stations are more important factors for the predictive ability of the RF model of FY-4A QPE. In general, our proposed FY-4A QPE algorithm has advantages for near-real-time monitoring of summer precipitation over East Asia.
A new perspective and explanation for the formation of plasmaspheric shoulder structures
Authors: Zhang Hua , Peng Guangshuai , Shen Chao , Wu Yewen
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Over the hours of 05:00–09:00 UT on 8 June 2001, the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) instrument on board the IMAGE satellite observed a shoulder-like
formation in the morning sector and a post-noon plume-like structure. The plasmapause formation is simulated using the test particle model (TPM),
based on a drift motion theory, which reproduces various plasmapause structures and evolution of the shoulder feature. The analysis indicates that
the shoulder is created by sharp reduction and spatial non-uniformity in the dawn–dusk convection electric field intensity. The TPM-modeled event is
found to develop an initial pre-dawn asymmetric bulge that becomes a shoulder as a result of increased “corotation” rate with an increasing L-shell
that is preceded by localized outward convection. The shoulder structure rotates sunward and develops into a single- or double-plume structure during
an active time period in simulation.
A theory of glacial cycles: resolving Pleistocene puzzles
Authors: Ou Hsien-Wang
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Since the summer surface air temperature that regulates the ice margin is anchored on the sea surface temperature, we posit that the climate system constitutes the intermediary of the orbital forcing of the glacial cycles. As such, the relevant forcing is the annual solar flux absorbed by the ocean, which naturally filters out the precession effect in early Pleistocene but mimics the Milankovitch insolation in late Pleistocene. For a coupled climate system that is inherent turbulent, we show that the ocean may be bistable with a cold state defined by the freezing point subpolar water, which would translate to ice bistates between a polar ice cap and an ice sheet extending to mid-latitudes, enabling large ice-volume signal regardless the forcing amplitude so long as the bistable thresholds are crossed. Such thresholds are set by the global convective flux, which would be lowered during the Pleistocene cooling, whose interplay with the ice-albedo feedback leads to transitions of the ice signal from that dominated by obliquity to the emerging precession cycles to the ice-age cycles paced by eccentricity. Through a single dynamical framework, the theory thus may resolve many long-standing puzzles of the glacial cycles.
Architecture of Solution for Panoramic Image Blurring in GIS projects Application
Authors: Vasić Dejan , Davidović Marina , Radosavljević Ivan , Obradović Đorđe
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Panoramic images captured using laser scanning technologies, which principally produce point clouds, are readily applicable in colorization of point cloud, detailed visual inspection, road defect detection, spatial entities extraction, diverse maps creation etc. This paper underlines the importance of images in modern surveying technologies and different GIS projects at the same time having regard to their anonymization in accordance with GDPR. Namely, it is a legislative requirement that faces of persons and license plates of vehicles in the collected data are blurred. The objective of this paper is to present a novel architecture of the solution for a particular object blurring. The methodology was tested on four data sets counting 5000, 10 000, 15 000 and 20 000 panoramic images respectively. Percentage of accuracy, i.e. successfully detected and blurred objects of interest, was higher than 97 % for each data set.
Numerically consistent budgets of energy, momentum and mass in Cartesian coordinates: Application to the WRF model
Authors: Göbel Matthias , Serafin Stefano , Rotach Mathias Walter
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Numerically accurate budgeting of the forcing terms in the governing equations of a numerical weather prediction model is hard to achieve. Because individual budget terms are generally two to three orders of magnitude larger than the resulting tendency, exact closure of the budget can only be achieved if the contributing terms are calculated consistently with the model numerics. We present WRFlux, an open-source software that allows precise budget evaluation for the WRF model, as well as transformation of the budget equations from the terrain-following grid of the model to the Cartesian coordinate system. The theoretical framework of the numerically consistent coordinate transformation is also applicable to other models. We demonstrate the performance and a possible application of WRFlux with an idealized simulation of convective boundary layer growth over a mountain range. We illustrate the effect of inconsistent approximations by comparing the results of WRFlux with budget calculations using a lower-order advection operator and two alternative formulations of the coordinate transformation. With WRFlux, the sum of all forcing terms for potential temperature, water vapor mixing ratio and momentum agrees with the respective model tendencies to high precision. In contrast, the approximations lead to large residuals: The root mean square error between the sum of the diagnosed forcing terms and the actual tendency is one to three orders of magnitude larger than with WRFlux. Furthermore, WRFlux decomposes the resolved advection into mean advective and resolved turbulence components, which is useful in the analysis of large-eddy simulation output.
Rapid measurement of Watson-Crick to Hoogsteen exchange in unlabeled DNA duplexes using high-power SELOPE imino 1H CEST
Authors: Liu Bei , Rangadurai Atul , Shi Honglue , Al-Hashimi Hashim
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In duplex DNA, Watson-Crick A-T and G-C base pairs (bps) exist in dynamic equilibrium with an alternative Hoogsteen conformation, which is low in abundance and short-lived. Measuring how the Hoogsteen dynamics varies across different DNA sequences, structural contexts and physiological conditions is key for understanding the role of these non-canonical bps in DNA recognition and repair. However, such studies are hampered by the need to prepare 13C or 15N isotopically enriched DNA samples for NMR relaxation dispersion (RD) experiments. Here, using SELective Optimized Proton Experiments (SELOPE) 1H CEST experiments employing high-power radiofrequency fields (B1 > 250 Hz) targeting imino protons, we demonstrate accurate and robust characterization of Waston-Crick to Hoogsteen exchange, without the need for isotopic enrichment of the DNA. For 13 residues in three DNA duplexes under different temperature and pH conditions, the exchange parameters deduced from high-power imino 1H CEST were in very good agreement with counterparts measured using off-resonance 13C/15N spin relaxation in the rotating frame (R1ρ). It is shown that 1H-1H NOE effects which typically introduce artifacts in 1H based measurements of chemical exchange can be effectively suppressed by selective excitation, provided that the relaxation delay is short (≤ 100 ms). The 1H CEST experiment can be performed with ~10X higher throughput and ~100X lower cost relative to 13C/15N R1ρ, and enabled Hoogsteen chemical exchange measurements undetectable by R1ρ. The results reveal an increased propensity to form Hoogsteen bps near terminal ends and a diminished propensity within A-tract motifs. The 1H CEST experiment opens the door to more comprehensively characterizing Hoogsteen breathing in duplex DNA.
H5P
Authors: Magro Juliana
Published: July 2021

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History matters: in the past, present & future of the NLM
Authors: Reznick Jeffrey S. , Koyle Kenneth M.
Published: July 2021

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Screencast-o-Matic
Authors: Glusker Ann
Published: July 2021

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Structural Competency in Mental Health and Medicine: A Case-Based Approach to Treating the Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Laynor Gregory
Published: July 2021

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Letters to the editor on the Zika virus: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Delwiche Frances A.
Published: July 2021

Objective: To conduct a bibliometric analysis of Letters to the Editor published on the Zika virus from 1952–2018.Methods: A PubMed search was conducted using the terms (Zika OR ZIKV). Results were limited to 1952–2018 and Publication Type = Letter. Results were exported to EndNote, and the full text of each Letter examined. Each Letter was assigned to one of five categories: Reader Response, Author Reply, Observation, Case Report, or Research. Additional study parameters included number of authors, number of references, use of graphics, and funding. Citation reports were generated for each category and the entire dataset, producing lists sorted by Times Cited.Results: Of 499 Letters, only 15 (3.0%) were published before 2016. In 2016, at the height of the Zika virus epidemic in the Americas, 244 (48.9%) Letters were published, dropping to 145 (29.1%) in 2017 and 95 (19.0%) in 2018. Letters included 149 (29.9%) Reader Responses, 56 (11.2%) Author Replies, 112 (22.4%) Observations, 70 (14.0%) Case Reports, and 112 (22.4%) Research. The Letters were written by 1–35 authors; 369 (74.0%) Letters had 1–5 authors, and 130 (26.0%) had 6 or more. The Letters cited 0–63 references, with an average of 7.0 per Letter. Graphics appeared in 192 (38.5%) Letters, and 77 (15.4%) Letters reported funding. An interesting anomaly was the 104 (20.8%) Letters authored or co-authored by 1 individual.Conclusion: Letters to the Editor remain an important component of scientific communication and may serve as a valuable source of clinical and research information.
The NICE OECD countries’ geographic search filters: Part 1—methodology for developing the draft MEDLINE and Embase (Ovid) filters
Authors: Ayiku Lynda , Levay Paul , Hudson Thomas
Published: July 2021

Objective: There are no existing validated search filters for the group of 37 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This study describes how information specialists from the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) developed and evaluated novel OECD countries’ geographic search filters for MEDLINE and Embase (Ovid) to improve literature search effectiveness for evidence about OECD countries.Methods: We created the draft filters using an alternative approach to standard filter construction. They are composed entirely of geographic subject headings and are designed to retain OECD country evidence by excluding non-OECD country evidence using the NOT Boolean operator. To evaluate the draft filters’ effectiveness, we used MEDLINE and Embase literature searches for three NICE guidelines that retrieved >5,000 search results. A 10% sample of the excluded references was screened to check that OECD country evidence was not inadvertently excluded.Results: The draft MEDLINE filter reduced results for each NICE guideline by 9.5% to 12.9%. In Embase, search results were reduced by 10.7% to 14%. Of the sample references, 7 of 910 (0.8%) were excluded inadvertently. These references were from a guideline about looked-after minors that concerns both OECD and non-OECD countries.Conclusion: The draft filters look promising—they reduced search result volumes while retaining most OECD country evidence from MEDLINE and Embase. However, we advise caution when using them in topics about both non-OECD and OECD countries. We have created final versions of the search filters and will validate them in a future study.
Género y Pobreza de Tiempo en la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina
Authors: Andreozzi Lucia , Peinado Guillermo , Giustiniani Patricia Sonia , Geli Miriam , Ganem Javier Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Introducción. El artículo analiza la pobreza de tiempo, su vinculación con el género y su distribución espacial en la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina. Objetivos. El trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados de la medición de la pobreza de tiempo e ingresos en la ciudad de Rosario en 2010, mediante la aplicación de la metodología LIMTIP. Metodología. Se emplean modelos estadísticos (Logit) e índices de correlación espacial (I de Moran y Gi* de Getis-Ord) y, finalmente, se realiza una simulación de igual distribución de tareas entre géneros dentro de los hogares. Resultados. Se observa que el 17,9 % de los hogares son pobres de ingreso y el 10,8 % de los hogares no son pobres de ingreso, pero sí de tiempo. El georreferenciamiento de los hogares permite verificar que existen patrones de segregación espacial respecto a la pobreza de ingresos y de tiempos. El modelo Logit permite concluir que la posibilidad de ser pobre de tiempo para las personas con nivel Secundario Incompleto o menos es casi tres veces mayor para las mujeres que para los varones, la posibilidad de ser pobre de tiempo para las personas con nivel Secundario Completo y Universitario Incompleto es 22 % mayor para las mujeres con respecto a los varones, y la posibilidad de ser pobre de tiempo para las personas con nivel Universitario Completo y más es 72% mayor para las mujeres que para los varones. En la simulación de distribución igualitaria de los tiempos de trabajo no remunerado, la pobreza total caería un 10,46%, siendo mujeres las principales beneficiarias. Conclusiones y discusión. El estudio en profundidad de la pobreza de tiempo y sus determinantes, permite pensar acciones concretas que permitan reducirla y no subsumirla a un problema monetario
Indicadores de Transición Ecosocial desde una perspectiva ecofeminista. Castilla-La Mancha como estudio de caso.
Authors: Peralta García Lidia , Chaparro Escudero Manuel , Espinar Medina Lara
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Las transiciones ecosociales, es decir aquellas que plantean modelos relacionales y de consumo circulares, solidarios, ecológicos, equitativos, feministas y en armonía con la naturaleza, entre otros atributos, son un sector en auge. Objetivos. Este estudio propone, desde la perspectiva del ecofeminismo, medir el funcionamiento interno de 55 proyectos de transición eco-social en la provincia de Castilla-La Mancha. Metodología. Para ello se realizó un censo con un total de 156 iniciativas, una muestra representativa del sector, del que recibimos respuesta por parte de 55, el equivalente a un 35,2% de la muestra. Como eje central metodológico se aplicó el Indicador de Transición Ecosocial (ITE), un valor de referencia elaborado a través de la cumplimentación de un cuestionario con preguntas cerradas que nos permite establecer rankings a través de ponderaciones validadas en las respuestas. La metodología se complementa con entrevistas semiestructuradas, de orden cualitativo, a un total de 16 fundadoras, directoras, socias o participantes en proyectos de ecotransición en Castilla-La Mancha. Nuestras preguntas de investigación son las siguientes: ¿existen mecanismos en la entidad que permiten a las mujeres conciliar el trabajo con otras necesidades? ¿La diversidad de géneros está presente en todos los ámbitos de poder o en la toma de decisiones? ¿En el seno de la entidad existe un reparto equitativo de las tareas? ¿En qué términos prácticos se aplica el ecofeminismo?. Resultados. Los resultados son positivos en cuanto a la presencia de mecanismos de conciliación, diversidad de géneros y reparto equitativo de tareas. Sin embargo, el estudio muestra que mientras algunas mujeres  mujeres practican la economía basada en los principios ecofeministas con conocimiento de causa, otras muchas no tienen consciencia de estar haciéndolo, por desconocimiento o por errónea aproximación al concepto. Conclusiones y discusión. Es necesario expandir el concepto más allá de los círculos académicos, allá donde se está practicando
La educación y las mujeres en las series educativas: La otra mirada como estudio de caso
Authors: Forteza Martínez Aurora , Conde Manuel Antonio
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Las series de televisión tienen un peso específico relevante como medio de entretenimiento para la sociedad y, además, como herramienta didáctica y pedagógica esencial, a través de las cuales se pueden transmitir valiosas enseñanzas. Objetivos. Este artículo se centra en el estudio de la serie de televisión española de ficción La otra mirada, la cual está vinculada directamente con el papel de la mujer en los años 20 en España, cuyo objetivo principal es analizar, de forma transversal, la asociación de los estereotipos y roles femeninos a los diferentes personajes, así como conocer las enseñanzas que a través de esta serie se transmiten. Metodología. Para ello, se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa de análisis de personajes y temáticas de la serie desde una perspectiva didáctica, analizando las dos temporadas de la serie, con un total de 21 episodios, estudiando tanto los personajes como las temáticas. Resultados. Como principales resultados, destaca el valor pedagógico de la serie, introduciendo la enseñanza de personajes femeninos históricos que lograron hitos importantes para la sociedad en general, y para las mujeres en particular, así como el peso específico de las protagonistas de la serie al afrontar retos en sus vidas personales, tales como el divorcio, la homosexualidad, el voto femenino o la violación. Conclusiones y Discusión. Las protagonistas principales de la serie están convencidas de que es necesario un cambio en la sociedad y presentan una personalidad fuerte; sin embargo, al mismo tiempo tienen ciertas inseguridades en sus vidas personales. Asimismo, puede verse cómo las enseñanzas recogidas en esta serie pueden aplicarse en la actualidad, con el fin de dar a conocer entre la población figuras tan relevantes para la sociedad como Elena Maseras, Carmen de Burgos o María de Maeztu.
Sub-Saharan women trafficked for sexual exploitation: A transdisciplinary approach from the paradigm of resilience
Authors: García Navarro María del Mar , García Navarro Carmen
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation is a growing social problem in today’s democratic societies, affecting mainly girls and women (Eurostat, 2018). It is also a crime (Palermo protocol [UN, 2000]), a violation of human rights, and a manifestation of gender-based violence (UN’s Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women [UN, 1993]), and a type of slavery (Correa, 2011) against the most impoverished women. Purpose. In this article, we focus on the sub-Saharan trafficked women who come to southern Europe via the human trafficking routes that cross northern Africa going through places such as Lagos, Tinzaouaten (Mali), Tamanrrasset (Argelia), the Sahara Desert, and different Moroccan cities, before reaching Europe over the Southern Spanish coastline. Ew show the resources used by these women when going through the said contexts of exploitation and forced prostitution. Methodology. Our research reviews the existing literature taking resilience as a pivotal point that is present in various areas of knowledge, including psychology and literature, among others. It allows us to show a change of perspective in this matter, by making these women visible in terms of their capacities. Results. We show examples, from different fields of knowledge and disciplines, of women who, having lived in these contexts, have carried out processes of fortitude, recovery, and personal growth. A new glimpse of this phenomenon and of these processes is studied, from a scarcely researched perspective to this day. Contribution. The originality of this analysis contributes a new understanding of the capacity of resilience of this population, despite the adverse conditions of their migratory experience
La estructura informal organizacional: los límites de la meritocracia en la carrera académica
Authors: Gallego-Morón Nazareth , Montes-López Estrella
Published: July 2021

Introducción. La universidad se presenta como un espacio caracterizado por la meritocracia y objetividad, tanto en el acceso como en la promoción laboral. Sin embargo, las mujeres continúan estando infrarrepresentadas en los espacios de poder y decisión. La literatura señala la existencia de múltiples factores que impiden la igualdad de oportunidades. Objetivo. En el presente trabajo, se pretende profundizar en la influencia de los condicionantes de índole organizacional en las trayectorias profesionales del profesorado. Se analiza la influencia de las redes informales en las carreras académicas en dos universidades, una italiana y otra española. Metodología. Para ello, se realizaron 48 entrevistas al cuerpo docente (24 de cada contexto, con igual distribución por sexos). Resultados. Los resultados muestran que elementos informales tienen influencia en los procesos de acceso y promoción de ambos sexos. Se constata también una tendencia hacia la homosociabilidad, de modo que la tradicional masculinización de las redes de poder favorece las trayectorias de los varones, afectando de un modo negativo a las carreras de las mujeres. Conclusiones y discusión. La imagen de la academia como un sistema neutral al género sigue vigente en el imaginario colectivo. La escasa concienciación acerca de la realidad se sitúa como una de las causas por las que continúa habiendo tan pocas mujeres en las principales posiciones. Este estudio contribuye a visibilizar las prácticas que dificultan o evitan que el mérito prevalezca y que la universidad se acerque a la ansiada excelencia académica.
La igualdad de género en la universidad. Capitalismo académico y rankings globales
Authors: Reverter-Bañon Sonia
Published: July 2021

Purpose. This article proposes to reflect on how universities are committed to gender equality. Methodology. After a theoretical reflection that introduces the current reality of universities and the framework of academic capitalism that surrounds them, I investigate the global university rankings (GURs), specifically The High Education (THE) World University Rankings. Results and Discussion. The analysis of the rankings shows us the need to rethink how, in the current reality of university practices imposed by academic capitalism, we can carry out the university equality policies that laws and regulations impose on academia. Conclusion. As a conclusion and contribution, I point out the urgency of a new conception, which puts the commitments of sustainable development and the 2030 Agenda at the center and adjusts the standards and methodologies to these objectives, and not vice versa, the objectives to the methodologies.
Investigación en docencia con perspectiva de género en arquitectura: experiencias inclusivas y valores proyectuales
Authors: Parra-Martínez José , Gutiérrez-Mozo María-Elia , Gilsanz-Díaz Ana Covadonga
Published: July 2021

Introducción. A diferencia de lo que ocurre en las prácticas arquitectónicas contemporáneas, en la planificación urbana y en la gestión, o en las investigaciones recientes sobre arquitectura, donde la evolución de la perspectiva de género está bien documentada, su introducción en la docencia de estas disciplinas parece haber quedado a merced del voluntarismo del profesorado. Objetivos. Este artículo da cuenta de la implementación de este marco de análisis en la docencia de la arquitectura, concretamente, en el contexto de la Universidad de Alicante a través del caso del área de conocimiento de Composición Arquitectónica. Metodología. Para ello se ha propuesto una interpretación contemporánea de obras y proyectos de la historia reciente de la arquitectura desde los valores que aportan sus lecturas feministas, es decir, desde miradas más sensibles hacia la pluralidad de modos de ser y estar en el mundo. Resultados y discusión. El diseño de un nuevo programa de teoría e historia de la arquitectura moderna, articulado en ejercicios que abordan experiencias inclusivas del espacio, ha permitido, por un lado, aproximar al alumnado a la comprensión de la diversidad y complejidad del entorno construido y sus imaginarios; y, por otro, alentar su creatividad y espíritu crítico. Conclusiones. La confluencia entre pedagogías feministas y cultura del proyecto, entre la investigación y su aplicación en el aula, ha tenido como resultado la primera guía para la introducción de la perspectiva de género en la docencia de arquitectura publicada en España
Igualdad y acceso a la justicia en las instituciones de educación superior: discusiones pendientes
Authors: Maceira-Ochoa Luz , Medina Rosas Andrea
Published: July 2021

Introducción. La violencia contra las mujeres en las instituciones de educación superior (IES) empieza a ser una cuestión cada vez más discutida a nivel social e investigada en diversos países del mundo. Temas específicos como el acoso sexual y las respuestas de parte de las instituciones como de las víctimas y grupos estudiantiles han desencadenado en los últimos años debates, movilizaciones y acciones de diverso tipo. Objetivos. Este artículo escudriña e interpreta experiencias de acceso a la justicia universitaria por parte de víctimas de acoso sexual, identificando las trabas de los protocolos e instancias a favor de la igualdad existentes en algunas universidades mexicanas y las implicaciones de estos obstáculos. Metodología. El análisis se realiza a partir de un ejercicio situado de producción del conocimiento con base en la experiencia de las autoras, el cual es sistematizado e interrogado desde los aportes de la teoría feminista y los derechos humanos para poner de relieve prácticas y mecanismos que obstruyen la justicia y la reparación integral del daño causado a las víctimas. Resultados y discusión. El análisis permite identificar los aportes de la perspectiva adoptada, la cual articula las obligaciones definidas para el cumplimiento del derecho de las mujeres a una vida libre de violencia y el derecho a la educación con la comprensión y erradicación de la violencia en las IES. Esta visión de la problemática y de su tratamiento apuntan a una ruta para que las universidades se fortalezcan como instancias garantes de derechos, y espacios de libertad e igualdad.
Brechas de tiempo y género según tipos de hogares en el Sistema Científico y Tecnológico de Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: Marquez Ivana Gisela , De Stefano Parma Agustina Ana , Barman Agustina , Andreozzi Lucia , Peinado Guillermo
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Diversos factores influyen en las trayectorias de las mujeres científicas: el trabajo doméstico no remunerado en el interior de los hogares, las tareas de cuidados hacia menores o adultxs dependientes, por enumerar las más importantes. En el presente trabajo se analizan los usos del tiempo en el sistema científico y tecnológico de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Objetivo. El objetivo es observar la distribución de los tiempos dedicados a las diferentes actividades, tanto remuneradas como no remuneradas, e identificar la existencia (o no) de patrones diferenciales según el género y según el tipo de hogar al que pertenecen los y las investigadorxs. Metodología. Se utiliza la Encuesta de Usos de Tiempo y Brechas de Género del Sistema Científico y Tecnológico de Santa Fe, Argentina, de 2019. Resultados. Se observó que las mujeres enfrentan una jornada laboral un 10,34% mayor que los varones, siendo el 32% de esa jornada no remunerada. En cambio, para ellos el trabajo no remunerado representa el 25% del trabajo total. Además, el tiempo que las mujeres destinan al trabajo doméstico se incrementa un 10,74% cuando hay presencia de hijxs. Conclusiones. Del análisis se desprende primeramente el incumplimiento del “principio de neutralidad” que se presume en el medio académico-científico, así como que la estructura familiar influiría en la trayectoria laboral de las mujeres, amplificando las desigualdades de género y afectando directamente en su calidad de vida.
Subversión, postfeminismo y masculinidad en la música de Bad Bunny
Authors: Díaz Fernández Silvia
Published: July 2021

Introducción. El género musical reggaetón se ha convertido en un fenómeno internacional en los últimos años. Con canciones con mensajes feministas y vídeos que rompen con la normatividad de género, el nuevo reggaetón se distancia de sus inicios masculinistas y hegemónicos. Sin embargo, esta renovación de imagen feminista reggaetonera viene también acompañada por letras misóginas y videos sexistas. Objetivos. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar este complicado y contradictorio panorama utilizando el concepto de Rosalind Gill ‘sensibilidad postfeminista’. La idea de ‘sensibilidad postfeminista’ permite el estudio analítico del entrelazado de sentimientos feministas y antifeministas en la cultura popular. Metodología. Para explorarlo, este trabajo se centra en la figura de Bad Bunny. El objetivo es examinar los discursos postfeministas que enmarcan su música con una metodología de análisis crítico del discurso de una selección de 5 canciones y vídeos del artista. En este corpus se analizan en profundidad los elementos de sensibilidad postfeminista que apuntalan su música y la construcción y representación de hombres/masculinidades en relación a mujeres/feminidades. Resultados. Como resultados del análisis, en su música y persona se encuentran: 1) una subversión de género; 2) una deconstrucción de la masculinidad hegemónica; y 3) una representación de la mujer como sujeto empoderado con agencia sexual. Esto viene de la mano de una reiteración de valores machistas y masculinistas. Conclusiones y discusión. Una masculinidad postfeminista representada por Bad Bunny emerge hibridizando valores hegemónicos, al mismo tiempo que incorpora ideas feministas en su discurso. A pesar del aparente giro feminista del género, aún queda un poso misógino que sigue enmarcando la música reggaetonera. Sin embargo, cabe destacar que la incorporación de ideas progresistas en las letras y vídeos puede simbolizar una oportunidad de transformación en el reggaetón
Los mitos de la violación en el caso de 'La Manada'. Una crítica a la división patriarcal público / privado
Authors: Brandariz Portela Tania
Published: July 2021

Introducción. El caso de ‘La Manada’ de los SanFermines comienza en el año 2016, con la denuncia de una mujer por un delito de violación de cinco varones. El mediático caso supone una reacción social, política y mediática sin precedentes en España. El procedimiento judicial trae al foco del debate los conceptos de consentimiento, violencia e intimidación. Objetivos. El objetivo de este artículo es aportar un análisis de los datos sobre la violación en España y un marco de interpretación feminista sobre la violencia sexual, con el fin de evitar relatos estereotipados que dificulten la visibilización de este delito como una cuestión estructural. Metodología. El trabajo se sustenta en la función que cumplen los mitos de la violación en la escala AMMSA aplicados al caso de ‘La Manada’. Los mitos sobre la violación en el caso de ‘La Manada’. El debate del procedimiento judicial gira en torno a la distancia entre abuso y agresión; entre si había existido violencia o intimidación. La victimización secundaria se produce al no creer la declaración de la víctima; al contratar a un detective para seguir su vida y al cuestionar su comportamiento antes del crimen; así como por el uso de la grabación del acto delictivo. Conclusiones. Las violaciones grupales como ‘La Manada’ arrojan un relato en que, implícitamente, se relaciona el delito de violación con el espacio público y con varones desconocidos. Sin embargo, se ha constatado que los hogares son el primer espacio en el que se producen las violaciones y que son las niñas (0-17 años) las primeras víctimas en España. Es preciso conceptualizar la violación como una cuestión estructural; y acabar con la distancia antagónica entre el espacio público y privado que, todavía, esconde un mandato patriarcal histórico: el hogar es el espacio seguro para las mujeres.