bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontal disease and the oral microbiota in new‐onset rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Scher Jose U. , Ubeda Carles , Equinda Michele , Khanin Raya , Buischi Yvonne , Viale Agnes , Lipuma Lauren , Attur Mukundan , Pillinger Michael H. , Weissmann Gerald , Littman Dan R. , Pamer Eric G. , Bretz Walter A. , Abramson Steven B.
Published: May 2012

Objective

To profile the abundance and diversity of subgingival oral microbiota in patients with never‐treated, new‐onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Periodontal disease (PD) status, clinical activity, and sociodemographic factors were determined in patients with new‐onset RA, patients with chronic RA, and healthy subjects. Multiplexed‐454 pyrosequencing was used to compare the composition of subgingival microbiota and establish correlations between the presence/abundance of bacteria and disease phenotypes. Anti–Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody testing was performed to assess prior exposure to the bacterial pathogen P gingivalis.

Results

The more advanced forms of periodontitis were already present at disease onset in patients with new‐onset RA. The subgingival microbiota observed in patients with new‐onset RA was distinct from that found in healthy controls. In most cases, however, these microbial differences could be attributed to the severity of PD and were not inherent to RA. The presence and abundance of P gingivalis were also directly associated with the severity of PD and were not unique to RA. The presence of P gingivalis was not correlated with anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) titers. Overall exposure to P gingivalis was similar between patients with new‐onset RA and controls, observed in 78% of patients and 83% of controls. The presence and abundance of Anaeroglobus geminatus correlated with the presence of ACPAs/rheumatoid factor. Prevotella and Leptotrichia species were the only characteristic taxa observed in patients with new‐onset RA irrespective of PD status.

Conclusion

Patients with new‐onset RA exhibited a high prevalence of PD at disease onset, despite their young age and paucity of smoking history. The subgingival microbiota profile in patients with new‐onset RA was similar to that in patients with chronic RA and healthy subjects whose PD was of comparable severity. Although colonization with P gingivalis correlated with the severity of PD, overall exposure to P gingivalis was similar among the groups. The role of A geminatus and Prevotella/Leptotrichia species in this process merits further study.
Spatiotemporal cost‐supply curves for bioenergy production in Mozambique
Authors: van der Hilst Floor , Faaij Andre P.C.
Published: May 2012

The objective of this study is to assess how bioenergy costs and supply potential in Mozambique develop over time in a spatially explicit way. The land availability for energy crops was explored making use of a business‐as‐usual and progressive scenario on the development of other land‐use functions. The assessment of the costs and supply potential is based on developments in land availability, the suitability of the land that is and becomes available, the disaggregated cost breakdown of energy crop production, the transportation distance of feedstock to conversion plant, the cost of conversion, the transportation distance from plant to harbor, and the cost of international shipping. The supply chains of eucalyptus (torrefied) pellets and sugarcane ethanol are used as a case study. The results show a large spatial variation in supply chain costs, which is the result of spatial variation in feedstock production costs, primary transport costs, and secondary transport costs. Most promising areas for eucalyptus and sugarcane production are scattered in the central south, the central, and the north‐eastern part of Mozambique where agro‐ecological conditions are relatively favorable, where sufficient feedstock can grow to meet plant input requirements, and where infrastructure is available. In 2030, in the progressive scenario, the total potential for eucalyptus pellet production amounts 3200 PJ of which 2500 PJ could be exported to Europe below a market price level of 8 €/GJ; for sugarcane ethanol, the total potential amount is 850 PJ of which 500 PJ could be exported below a price level of 30 €/GJ. The location of production is the key factor for cost‐effective production. This study demonstrates an approach which enables the assessment of the development of bioenergy potential and costs over time in a spatially explicit way. As environmental and socio‐economic impacts of bioenergy supply chains are highly related to the biophysical and socio‐economic context of the production location, a spatially explicit assessment of bioenergy production potential is a suitable approach for the assessment of the sustainability of bioenergy chains. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Conversion of biomass to sugars via ionic liquid hydrolysis: process synthesis and economic evaluation
Authors: Sen S. Murat , Binder Joseph B. , Raines Ronald T. , Maravelias Christos T.
Published: May 2012

Replacement of fossil fuels with new sustainable resources is becoming crucial due to depleting petroleum reserves, increasing global energy demand, and arising environmental concerns. Lignocellulosic biomass can be an alternative to fossil resources as a sustainable and environmentally friendly feedstock for producing chemicals and fuels. One of the major challenges of biomass‐based technologies is to extract sugars that are covalently trapped inside the lignocellulosic biomass efficiently. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been recognized as promising solvents for mild and rapid hydrolysis of biomass feedstocks with higher sugar yields. In this study, we first develop and then evaluate an IL‐based biomass hydrolysis strategy for large‐scale production of fermentable sugars from corn stover. Toward this aim, we develop a process simulation model based on the experimental studies reported by Binder and Raines (P Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 4516–4521(2010)) and a simulated‐moving‐bed (SMB) system. We identify that the major cost driver is the IL cost. Our analysis suggests that process alternatives with lower IL consumption and/or separation strategies that would allow higher recycle of ILs should be studied. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Rethinking Hardy–Weinberg and genetic drift in undergraduate biology
Authors: Masel Joanna
Published: May 2012

Population genetics is often taught in introductory biology classes, starting with the Hardy–Weinberg principle (HWP) and genetic drift. Here I argue that teaching these two topics first aligns neither with current expert knowledge, nor with good pedagogy. Student difficulties with mathematics in general, and probability in particular, make population genetics difficult to teach and learn. I recommend an alternative, historically inspired ordering of population genetics topics, based on progressively increasing mathematical difficulty. This progression can facilitate just‐in‐time math instruction. This alternative ordering includes, but does not privilege, the HWP and genetic drift. Stochastic events whose consequences are felt within a single generation, and the deterministic accumulation of the effects of selection across multiple generations, are both taught before tackling the stochastic accumulation of the effects of accidents of sampling.
A microanatomical map of the structures hidden in the middle fossa based on the facial nerve hiatus: Measurements and their variability
Authors: Salma Asem , Makiese Orphee , Reiss Alisha , Pillai Promod , Sammet Steffen , Ammirati Mario
Published: May 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships/variations between the facial nerve hiatus (FNH) and middle cranial fossa neuro‐vascular structures. Twenty CT‐scanned middle cranial fossae of fresh adult cadavers were used; the greater superficial petrosal nerves, and critical neuro‐vascular structures were identified. Using the FNH as a reference point, a neuronavigation system was used to measure the distance between each structure and the FNH. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used to quantify the degree of variation among each distance. The mean distances and standard deviations between the various landmarks and the FNH, and the associated CV were analyzed. Furthermore, a microanatomical map of the structures hidden in the middle fossa based on the greater superficial petrosal nerve was generated. The most reliable relationships of the FNH were with the internal auditory canal (CV = 14.59), and with the vertical portion of the intrapetrous internal carotid artery (CV = 15.54). Our data demonstrate that the FNH can be used as anatomical landmark to plot the position of several hidden neurovascular structures when performing a middle‐fossa skull base approach. However, the pattern and the variation of these structures had to be recognized. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CT and MR arthrograms demonstrate a consistent communication between the tibiofemoral and superior tibiofibular joints
Authors: Puffer Ross C. , Spinner Robert J. , Murthy Naveen S. , Amrami Kimberly K.
Published: May 2012

Communications between the tibiofemoral and superior tibiofibular joints (STFJ) have been thought to be infrequent. Previous anatomic studies have revealed these in only 10–64% of cases. In this study, the authors reviewed the results of direct knee arthrography performed in 17 consecutive patients from January 2010 to July 2011 with various knee or STFJ‐related pathologies. In all 17 consecutive cases, the authors demonstrated evidence of knee and STFJ communications. The authors believe that high‐resolution imaging arthrography, especially with physiological loading and delayed imaging, can demonstrate these communications more consistently than unenhanced anatomic studies. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A reappraisal of adult thoracic surface anatomy
Authors: Mirjalili S. Ali , Hale Samuel J.M. , Buckenham Tim , Wilson Ben , Stringer Mark D.
Published: May 2012

Accurate surface anatomy is essential for safe clinical practice. Numerous inconsistencies in clinically important surface markings exist between and within anatomical reference texts. The aim of this study was to investigate key thoracic surface anatomical landmarks in vivo using computed tomographic (CT) imaging. High‐resolution thoracic CT scans from 153 supine adults (mean age 63, range 19–89 years; 53% female) taken at end tidal inspiration were analyzed by dual consensus reporting to determine the surface anatomy of the sternal angle, central veins, heart, lungs, and diaphragm. Patients with kyphosis/scoliosis, distorting space‐occupying lesions, or visceromegaly were excluded. The position of the cardiac apex, formation of the brachiocephalic veins, and vertebral levels of the sternal angle, xiphisternal joint, and aortic hiatus were consistent with commonly accepted surface markings although there was a wide range of normal variation. In contrast, common surface markings were markedly inaccurate for the following: the position of the tracheal bifurcation, aortic arch, and azygos vein termination (below the plane of the sternal angle at T5‐T6 vertebral level in most individuals); the superior vena cava/right atrial junction (most often behind the fourth costal cartilage); the lower border of the lung (adjacent to T12 vertebra posteriorly); and the level at which the inferior vena cava and esophagus traverse the diaphragm (T11 in most). Surface anatomy must be reappraised using modern imaging in vivo if it is to be evidence based and fit for purpose. The effects of gender, age, posture, respiration, build, and ethnicity also deserve greater emphasis. Clin. Anat. 25:827–834, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the atlanto‐axial interspace
Authors: Scali Frank , Pontell Matthew E. , Welk Aaron B. , Malmstrom Theodore K. , Marshall Ewarld , Kettner Norman W.
Published: May 2012

The objective of this study is to examine the anatomy of the atlanto‐axial interspace using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Two hundred and forty MR images of living subjects were examined for the presence of a posterior dural prominence and oblique hypointense fibers between the first and second cervical neural arches. Of the 240 images analyzed, 64% revealed a posterior concavity of the cervical dura mater. Of this, 24% also revealed oblique, linear hypointense fibers that appeared to be in direct contact with the dura mater. Twenty‐three percent of the 240 images revealed oblique, linear hypointense fibers. Of the 23% that exhibited these fibers, 76% had an associated posterior thecal concavity of the cervical dura mater. A posterior dural prominence and oblique hypointense fibers were present in the atlanto‐axial interspace in a significant number of randomly selected magnetic resonance images. These findings may represent normal, nonpathological anatomy found on MR images and may be related to a recently reported anatomical structure. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparison of hepatic segmental anatomy as revealed by cross‐sections and MPR CT imaging
Authors: Liu Xue‐Jing , Zhang Jian‐Fei , Sui Hong‐Jin , Yu Sheng‐Bo , Gong Jin , Liu Jie , Wu Le‐Bin , Liu Cheng , Bai Jian , Shi Bing‐Yi
Published: May 2012

To compare the areas of human liver horizontal sections with computed tomography (CT) images and to evaluate whether the subsegments determined by CT are consistent with the actual anatomy. Six human cadaver livers were made into horizontal slices with multislice spiral CT three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction was used during infusion process. Each liver segment was displayed using different color, and 3D images of the portal and hepatic vein were reconstructed. Each segmental area was measured on CT‐reconstructed images, which were compared with the actual area on the sections of the same liver. The measurements were performed at four key levels namely: (1) the three hepatic veins, (2) the left, and (3) the right branch of portal vein (PV), and (4) caudal to the bifurcation of the PV. By dividing the sum of these areas by the total area of the liver, the authors got the percentage of the incorrectly determined subsegmental areas. In addition to these percentage values, the maximum distances of the radiologically determined intersegmental boundaries from the true anatomic boundaries were measured. On the four key levels, an average of 28.64 ± 10.26% of the hepatic area of CT images was attributed to an incorrect segment. The mean‐maximum error between artificial segments on images and actual anatomical segments was 3.81 ± 1.37 cm. The correlation between radiological segmenting method and actual anatomy was poor. The hepatic segments being divided strictly according to the branching point of the PV could be more informative during liver segmental resection. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using a free open source software to teach mathematics
Authors: Botana Francisco , Abánades Miguel A. , Escribano Jesús
Published: May 2012

We present the experience of the authors teaching mathematics to freshmen engineering students with the help of the open source computer algebra system Sage. We describe some teaching resources and present an ad hoc distribution of Sage used by the authors.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:728–735, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21565
Bubbles – Trouble‐Makers in Crystallizers: Classical Problems during Inline Measurements
Authors: Helmdach L. , Pertig D. , Rüdiger S. , Lee K.‐S. , Stelzer T. , Ulrich J.
Published: May 2012

Particle size and suspension density of urea suspensions were investigated by means of ultrasound, optical reflectance as well as focused‐beam reflectance measurement techniques. These techniques provide similar proven nonrealistic results regarding suspension density and crystal size. The resulting data can be explained by the presence of bubbles. The influence of air bubbles on the measurement of different particle size and suspension density monitoring techniques is demonstrated and evaluated. Floating air bubbles as well as crystal‐bubble complexes are strongly affecting the results and have to be considered under real conditions. It can be demonstrated that the negative impacts on the measured data can be decreased. Special precautions have, therefore, to be taken into account for calibrations, their validation, and during crystallization monitoring or controlling to avoid faulty measured suspension densities and particle sizes caused by bubbles.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic and Neutron Diffraction Study on Melilite‐Type Oxides Sr2MGe2O7 (M: Mn, Co).
Authors: Endo Takashi , Doi Yoshihiro , Hinatsu Yukio , Ohoyama Kenji
Published: May 2012

The title compounds are characterized by powder X‐ray and neutron diffraction, specific heat, and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Tc Ferromagnetic Semiconductor‐Like Behavior and Unusual Electrical Properties in Compounds with a 2 x 2 x 2 Superstructure of the Half‐Heusler Phase.
Authors: Xiong Ding‐Bang , Okamoto Norihiko L. , Waki Takeshi , Zhao Yufeng , Kishida Kyosuke , Inui Haruyuki
Published: May 2012

Compounds with the 2 x 2 x 2 superstructure of the half‐Heusler phase are obtained in the solid solutions of Co8(Zn1‐xMnx)8Sb8 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), Fe7.87 (Zn1‐xMnx)6.72Sb8, and Ru9(Zn1‐xMnx)7Sb8.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal and Electronic Structures of Neptunium Nitrides Synthesized Using a Fluoride Route.
Authors: Silva G. W. Chinthaka , Weck Philippe F. , Kim Eunja , Yeamans Charles B. , Cerefice Gary S. , Sattelberger Alfred P. , Czerwinski Kenneth R.
Published: May 2012

The new compounds NpN2 (I) and Np2N3 (II) are prepared by ammonolysis of NH4—Np—F samples (obtained from mixtures of NpO2 and NH4HF2) at 800 °C in closed and open Pt containers for (I) and (II), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Na2.8Cu5Sn5.6: A Crystalline Alloy Featuring Intermetalloid 1∞{Sn0.6@Cu5@Sn5 } Double‐Walled Nanorods with Pseudo‐Five‐Fold Symmetry.
Authors: Stegmaier Saskia , Faessler Thomas F.
Published: May 2012

The title phase is prepared by the reaction of elemental Na with a preformed Cu—Sn alloy with an overall Na:Cu:Sn ratio of 3.0:5.0:5.6 (Ta ampule, 800 °C, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Application of Tartaric Acid Derived N‐Spiro Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalysts.
Authors: Waser Mario , Gratzer Katharina , Herchl Richard , Mueller Norbert
Published: May 2012

A novel spirocyclic TADDOL‐derived quaternary ammonium salt is successfully applied as organocatalyst in the asymmetric α‐alkylation of glycine Schiff base (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition of α‐Fluoro‐α‐phenylsulfonyl Ketones to Nitroolefins Catalyzed by Phenylalanine‐Based Bifunctional Thioureas.
Authors: Cui Hai‐Feng , Li Peng , Wang Xiao‐Wei , Zhu Shi‐Zheng , Zhao Gang
Published: May 2012

Enantiomerically enriched fluorine‐containing multifunctional molecules containing adjoining chiral fluorine‐substituted quaternary and tertiary centers are obtained in good yields and high dia‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Acidic‐Functionalized Ionic Liquid as an Efficient, Green and Reusable Catalyst for Hetero‐Michael Addition of Nitrogen, Sulfur and Oxygen Nucleophiles to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Han Feng , Yang Lei , Li Zhen , Xia Chungu
Published: May 2012

A variety of N‐, S‐ and O‐nucleophiles efficiently undergoes hetero‐Michael addition towards diverse α,β‐unsaturated ketones in the presence of catalytic amounts of ionic liquid [Hmim]OTos.
ChemInform Abstract: On‐Column Solvent‐Free Oxidative Cleavage Reactions of Vicinal Diols by Silica Gel and Paraperiodic Acid: Application to in situ Sequential Oxidation and Knoevenagel Reactions.
Authors: Dakdouki Saada C. , Villemin Didier , Bar Nathalie
Published: May 2012

The on‐column oxidative cleavage of vicinal diols proceeds without the need for toxic, volatible organic solvents or aqueous work‐up and does not require pre‐preparation of the supported oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Alkynyl Oxiranes and Oxetanes.
Authors: Gronnier Colombe , Kramer Soeren , Odabachian Yann , Gagosz Fabien
Published: May 2012

In the presence of a pyridine N‐oxide, the title reaction affords five‐ and six‐membered α,β‐unsaturated lactones.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols Catalyzed by N‐Hydroxyindole and Copper(I) Chloride.
Authors: Shen Shu‐Su , Kartika Vita , Tan Ying Shan , Webster Richard D. , Narasaka Koichi
Published: May 2012

Among different derivatives investigated, NHI is found to be the optimal catalyst component.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Direct α‐Amination of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Using Iodosobenzene and p‐Toluenesulfonamide Catalyzed by Perchlorate Zinc Hexahydrate.
Authors: Yu Jun , Liu Shan‐Shan , Cui Jian , Hou Xue‐Sen , Zhang Chi
Published: May 2012

Most reactions are achieved in less than 30 min.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Reusable Catalytic System of CuI‐PEG for N‐Arylation of Imidazoles.
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Luo Jun , Wei Yunyang
Published: May 2012

The catalytic system is reusable without remarkable loss of activity even after six runs.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Enamino Ketones with 3‐Ethoxycyclobutanones and Substituted Amines.
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Shan Gang , Chen Shi , Rao Yu
Published: May 2012

SnCl4 catalyzes the reaction of primary amine components with cyclobutanones of type (I) in a selective manner and formation of (Z)‐enaminones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Approach Towards α‐Amino‐β‐keto Esters via Acylation of Chelated Amino Acid Ester Enolates.
Authors: Schultz Katharina , Stief Laura , Kazmaier Uli
Published: May 2012

Zinc‐chelated enolates of N‐protected amino acids are found to be efficient nucleophiles in the reaction with a variety of acyl halides to give α‐amino‐β‐keto esters in useful yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Cyclizations of Conjugated Trienes with Low Catalyst Loadings: A Robust Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Enabled by Acetic Acid Cocatalyst.
Authors: Liu Guansai , Wilkerson Phillip D. , Toth Christopher A. , Xu Hao
Published: May 2012

Acetic acid as a co‐catalyst protects the chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene from decomposition and promotes the catalyst turnover.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Difunctionalized 1,3‐Dienes Containing Tin and Sulfonyl Groups by Palladium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereocontrolled Addition Reactions.
Authors: Zhao Hong , Yang Weisen , Xie Shiyun , Cai Mingzhong
Published: May 2012

Title compounds (V) may undergo further functionalization as is demonstrated in the synthesis of Stille coupling product (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved, Efficient Route to 2,2‐Difluoroethenylbenzenes
Authors: Lu Long , Burton Donald J.
Published: May 2012

The title compounds (V) are obtained starting from vinylidene fluoride (I), which can be readily converted to stannane (III) at low temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Paraselective Gold‐Catalyzed Direct Alkynylation of Anilines.
Authors: Brand Jonathan P. , Waser Jerome
Published: May 2012

A variety of p‐alkynylated aniline derivatives, whose silyl group can be easily cleaved to produce terminal alkynes, is available at room temperature in the presence of the benziodoxole agent (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Trifluoromethyl‐Containing Alcohols with Ruppert′s Reagent.
Authors: Singh Rajendra P. , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: May 2012

Reactions of Ruppert′s reagent (I) with various ketones and aldehydes lead to the formation of the corresponding trifluoromethylated silyl ether derivatives [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of (Z)‐1‐Fluoro‐1‐alkenyl Carboxylates, Carbonates and Carbamates Through Chromium Mediated Transformation of Dibromofluoromethylcarbinyl Esters and the Reactivity as Double Acyl Group Donors.
Authors: Saito Akio , Tojo Manabu , Yanai Hikaru , Wada Fukiko , Nakagawa Muga , Okada Midori , Sato Azusa , Okatani Rieko , Taguchi Takeo
Published: May 2012

Cr(II)/Mn‐mediated transformation of dibromofluoromethylcarbinyl esters (I) and (III) into fluoroalkenyl esters (II) and (IV) proceeds stereoselectively via [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of the ester group under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Abnormal and Direct para‐Trifluoroacetylation of Branched Alkyl Phenyl Ketones by Magnesium‐Promoted Reductive Aromatic Substitution.
Authors: Maekawa Hirofumi , Ozaki Taro , Zulkeflee Dayana , Murakami Taro , Kihara Shin , Nishiguchi Ikuzo
Published: May 2012

A simple two‐step sequence allows the conversion of phenyl ketones into p‐trifluoroacetyl derivatives via cross‐coupling with ester (II) followed by desilylation of the mixed acetals.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative α‐Arylation for Accessing 1,3‐Diketones.
Authors: Goegsig Thomas M. , Taaning Rolf H. , Lindhardt Anders T. , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: May 2012

The reactions are carried out in a two‐chamber reactor with “ex situ” generation of CO from 9‐methyl‐9H‐fluorene‐9‐carbonyl chloride in one chamber.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides via Pd‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Aryl Halides at Atmospheric CO Pressure.
Authors: Li Yang , Xue Dong , Wang Chao , Liu Zhao‐Tie , Xiao Jianliang
Published: May 2012

A mechanism for the described transformation is suggested.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of α‐Amino Amides from N‐Alkyl Amines by the Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Ugi‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Ye Xin , Xie Chunsong , Huang Rui , Liu Jinhua
Published: May 2012

Th novel synthesis of the structurally important units of biologically active compounds from methyl amines and isocyanides allows the presence of various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(OAc)2‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Aryl Iodide with ortho‐Haloamines in Water.
Authors: Tambade Pawan J. , Patil Yogesh P. , Qureshi Ziyauddin S. , Dhake Kishor P. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: May 2012

Optimized conditions allow the synthesis of a broad spectrum of o‐haloanilides which are difficult to prepare by conventional methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Selective Synthesis of Ethylbenzonitriles.
Authors: Xie Guangyong , Zhang Aiqing
Published: May 2012

Ethylbenzonitriles (V) and (VI) are prepared by ammoxidation of ethylbenzyl chlorides in the presence of a mixed vanadium‐chromium oxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Carbobismuthination of Alkynes.
Authors: Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Takeuchi Midori , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio
Published: May 2012

The simple reaction of a terminal alkyne, BiBr3, and a ketene silyl acetal affords alkenylbismuth dibromides with high stereo‐ and regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Arylation of Arene C—H Bond Assisted by the Removable 2‐Pyridylsulfinyl Group.
Authors: Zhang Xunbin , Yu Ming , Yao Jinzhong , Zhang Yuhong
Published: May 2012

In most cases, the method allows the preparation of one regioisomeric biaryl derivative.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Couplings of Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborate Salts with Arylboronic Acids Catalyzed by Aluminum Hydroxide Supported Palladium Nanoparticles.
Authors: Li Xing , Yan Xu‐Ying , Chang Hong‐Hong , Wang Li‐Chao , Zhang Yan , Chen Wen‐Wen , Li Yan‐Wei , Wei Wen‐Long
Published: May 2012

An efficient and general protocol for Suzuki—Miyaura cross coupling of arene diazonium salts (I) with arylboronic acids (II) and (IV) using Pd nanoparticles stabilized in aluminum hydroxide is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Vinylogous Aldol Reaction Triggered by Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride: A Highly Regioselective and Diastereoselective Addition of Cyclic β‐Haloenals to Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Zhang Jingli , Gu Lianghu , Gong Yuefa
Published: May 2012

Optimized mild conditions produce the corresponding syn‐adducts predominantly.
ChemInform Abstract: SIAPhos: Phosphorylated Sulfonimidamides and Their Use in Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenations of Sterically Hindered Cyclic Enamides.
Authors: Patureau Frederic W. , Worch Christin , Siegler Maxime A. , Spek Anthony L. , Bolm Carsten , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: May 2012

Ion exchange of ligands such as (I) with Ir or Rh complexes generates the neutral complexes with P—N—S—N chelates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Hypoglycemic Activity of 3‐(Arylsulfonyl)spiroimidazolidine‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Iqbal Zafar , Akhtar Tashfeen , Hendsbee Arthur D. , Masuda Jason D. , Hameed Shahid
Published: May 2012

Key intermediates like (III) are prepared according to Bucherer—Bergs reaction and are subsequently sulfonylated following the classical pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Diastereoselective Reduction of α,β‐Epoxy and α,β‐Aziridinyl Ynones.
Authors: Druais Valerie , Meyer Christophe , Cossy Janine
Published: May 2012

In the presence of (I) or its enantiomer, the corresponding propargylic alcohols can be obtained with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzofurans or Isochromenes via the Ring‐Opening Cyclization of Cyclopropene Derivatives with Organolithiums.
Authors: Liu Yu , Ma Shengming
Published: May 2012

Benzofurans containing a C—Cl bond such as (VIc) can be used for Suzuki coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition Reactions of 3‐Substituted Benzofuran‐2(3H)‐ones to Nitroolefins Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Tertiary‐Amine Thiourea.
Authors: Li Xin , Xue Xiao‐Song , Liu Cong , Wang Bin , Tan Bo‐Xuan , Jin Jia‐Lu , Zhang Yue‐Yan , Dong Nan , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: May 2012

Michael reaction of a variety of 3‐substituted benzofuranones with β‐nitroolefins proceeds efficiently in the presence of a tertiary amine—thiourea organocatalyst to give benzofuranones bearing an all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter at position 3.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Consecutive Three‐Component Coupling‐Fiesselmann Synthesis of Luminescent 2,4‐Disubstituted Thiophenes and Oligothiophenes.
Authors: Teiber Marco , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: May 2012

The modified Sonogashira coupling of aroyl chlorides (I) with alkynes (II) followed by Fiesselmann cyclocondensation of resulting alkynones with mercaptoacetate (III) leads to trisubstituted thiophenes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Rational and Practical Synthesis of α,α‐Difluoro‐γ‐lactams.
Authors: Li Bin‐Hui , Li Ke‐Lai , Chen Qing‐Yun
Published: May 2012

Substrate (I) reacts with alkenes in the presence of NaHCO3 to produce the addition products (III) which can be cyclized by NaOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Propargylic and Allenic Carbamates via the C—H Amination of Alkynes.
Authors: Grigg R. David , Rigoli Jared W. , Pearce Simon D. , Schomaker Jennifer M.
Published: May 2012

Propargylic carbamates are obtained via C—H amination of the starting homopropargylic substrates using a hypervalent iodonium oxidant and a Rh complex as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Quick and Highly Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Organic Azides with Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Wang Dong , Zhao Mingming , Liu Xiang , Chen Yongxin , Li Na , Chen Baohua
Published: May 2012

A variety of disubstituted triazoles is efficiently obtained by azide—alkyne cycloaddition under solvent‐free conditions by use of [Cu(phen)(PPh3)2]NO3 as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Scope and Regioselectivity of the 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azides with Methyl 2‐Perfluoroalkynoates for an Easy, Metal‐Free Route to Perfluoroalkylated 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Wei Jiamei , Chen Jie , Xu Jiechao , Cao Long , Deng Hongmei , Sheng Weihua , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo
Published: May 2012

The reaction of the process is controlled by frontier molecular orbitals and steric hindrance in the transition states (24 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 3,6‐Disubstituted 1,2,4‐Triazolo[3,4‐b]1,3,4‐thiadiazoles.
Authors: Plech Tomasz , Wujec Monika , Kosikowska Urszula , Malm Anna , Kapron Barbara
Published: May 2012

Heating of aminotriazoles (I), obtained by conventional procedures, with halophenyl isothiocyanates (II) in the environment of anhydrous dimethylformamide yields the 3,6‐disubstituted triazolothiadiazoles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1H,7H,12bH‐Pyrano[3′,4′:5,6]pyrano[3,4‐c][1]benzopyran‐1‐one via Domino Knoevenagel/Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction with Theoretical Investigations.
Authors: Khoshkholgh Malihe Javan , Hosseindokht Mohammad Reza , Balalaie Saeed , Bozorgmehr Mohammad Reza , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza
Published: May 2012

The Cu(I)‐catalyzed cycloaddition of ortho‐propynyloxybenzaldehydes (I) with the pyranone (II) constitutes an efficient synthesis of the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Reactions of 2‐Methyl Chromones Containing an Electron Withdrawing Group with Chromone‐Fused Dienes.
Authors: Gong Jian , Xie Fuchun , Ren Wenming , Chen Hong , Hu Youhong
Published: May 2012

Cascade reaction of methylchromones bearing an electron‐withdrawing group at position 3, e.g. (I), (VI) or (VIII), with chromone‐derived dienes (II) or (IV) provides access to varying types of polycyclic compounds, e.g. (III), (V), (VII) or (IX), depending on the nature of electron‐withdrawing group and of the diene used.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 3‐Methylcoumarins and Coumarin‐3‐carbaldehydes.
Authors: Olomola Temitope O. , Klein Rosalyn , Kaye Perry T.
Published: May 2012

The sequence can be successfully carried out for substrates such as (I).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted Coumarins under Catalysis of Mn3O4 Nanoparticles.
Authors: Sun Huayin , Zhang Yonghui , Guo Fengfeng , Yan Yizhe , Wan Changfeng , Zha Zhenggen , Wang Zhiyong
Published: May 2012

Mn3O4‐catalyzed reaction of hydroxymethylphenols (I) with β‐keto esters (II) and (IV) provides access towards disubstituted coumarins in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese Perchlorate‐Catalyzed Greener Synthesis of 12‐Aryl‐ or 12‐Alkyl‐8,9,10,12‐tetrahydrobenzo[α]xanthen‐11‐one Derivatives under Ultrasonication.
Authors: Kaur Bhupinder , Parmar Anupama , Kumar Harish
Published: May 2012

The reaction is carried out under environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Combining Two‐Directional Synthesis and Tandem Reactions. Part 17. Expedient Formation of Functionalized Azabicycles.
Authors: Aggarwal Pooja , Procopiou George , Robbins Diane , Harbottle Gareth , Lewis William , Stockman Robert A.
Published: May 2012

The TiCl4‐mediated reaction of ketones (I) and (IV) with primary amines involves an enamine formation/Michael addition/aza‐Michael addition sequence to give diastereomeric mixtures of azabicycles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Efficient Synthesis of Pyrido[1,2‐a]‐Fused 1,3‐Diazaheterocyclic Compounds via a One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Rezvanian Atieh
Published: May 2012

The simple method allows the preparation of the biologically important heterocyclic systems within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Regio‐ and Stereospecific Cyclization of Ethyl Isonicotinate with Cyanoacetylenic Alcohols to Provide Novel Polycondensed Heterocyclic Systems.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Mal'kina Anastasiya G. , Nosyreva Valentina V. , Shemyakina Olesya A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Afonin Andrei V. , Kazheva Olga N. , Alexandrov Grigorri G. , Dyachenko Oleg A.
Published: May 2012

The reaction produces 1,3‐oxazolidino‐1,2‐dihydropyridine intermediates which undergo Diels—Alder cyclodimerization to give the polycyclic heterocycles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 5‐Halopyridine‐4‐carboxylic Acid Esters via a Minisci Reaction.
Authors: Regan Collin F. , Pierre Fabrice , Schwaebe Michael K. , Haddach Mustapha , Jung Michael E. , Ryckman David M.
Published: May 2012

A convenient one‐pot procedure is developed for the synthesis of the title compounds, where ester (II) is found to be optimal for the process.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chemoselective Hydroxymethylation: New Route for the Synthesis of 6‐Aroyl‐4‐(4H‐triazol‐3‐yl)thiomorpholin‐3‐ones.
Authors: Krishnaraj Thulasiraman , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam
Published: May 2012

Reaction of triazolyl‐substituted amides with paraformaldehyde generates hydroxymethyl intermediates which undergo direct cyclization to pharmacologically important thiomorpholinones in fair yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 1,3,5‐Triazinylnitroformaldoxime. Part 4. Synthesis of (5‐R‐1,2,4‐Oxadiazol‐3‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazines.
Authors: Bakharev V. V. , Gidaspov A. A. , Selezneva E. V. , Parfenov V. E. , Ul'yankina I. V. , Nazarova I. S. , Palatova Yu. T. , El'tsov O. S.
Published: May 2012

Title compounds (V) and (VII) are obtained from nitroformaldoximes (I) in a three‐step procedure involving amination and O‐acylation of the oxime followed by acid‐mediated cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Boryl Substitution of Unactivated Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Ito Hajime , Kubota Koji
Published: May 2012

The procedure can be applied to a broad spectrum of substrates in the presence of the efficient catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Alkenyl Phosphates by Hydrophosphoryloxylation.
Authors: Nun Pierrick , Egbert Jonathan D. , Oliva‐Madrid Maria‐Jose , Nolan Steven P.
Published: May 2012

Title hydrophosphoryloxylation of alkynes proceeds smoothly in the presence of low amounts of gold catalyst (0.01—1 mol%) to selectively afford the kinetic enol phosphates (III), (V), (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric α‐2‐Tosylethenylation of N,N‐Dialkyl‐L‐amino Acid Esters via the Formation of Non‐Racemic Ammonium Enolates.
Authors: Tayama Eiji , Igarashi Tomohito , Iwamoto Hajime , Hasegawa Eietsu
Published: May 2012

Title tosylethenylation of pyrrolidinyl‐protected L‐amino acid esters (I) and (IV) proceeds with moderate to high enantioselectivity (up to 96% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: From COX‐2 Inhibitor Nimesulide to Potent anti‐Cancer Agent: Synthesis, in vitro, in vivo and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation.
Authors: Su Bin , et al. et al.
Published: May 2012

Based on a previously generated structure‐function analysis, a series of new nimesulide analogues is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Proposed Mechanisms for the Catalytic Activity of Ti in NaAlH4
Authors: Frankcombe Terry J.
Published: May 2012

Review: 192 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bi‐Component Semiconductor Oxide Photoanodes for the Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation of Organic Solutes and Vapors: A Short Review with Emphasis to TiO2‐WO3 Photoanodes
Authors: Georgieva J. , Valova E. , Armyanov S. , Philippidis N. , Poulios I. , Sotiropoulos S.
Published: May 2012

Review: 224 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Density Functional Theory for Transition Metal Chemistry: The Case of a Water‐Splitting Ruthenium Cluster
Authors: Podewitz Maren , Weymuth Thomas , Reiher Markus
Published: May 2012

Review: 136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dissociative Recombination of H3+ Ions with Electrons: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Johnsen Rainer , Guberman Steven L.
Published: May 2012

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Chemistry Guided by the Isolobality Concept
Authors: Raubenheimer Helgard G. , Schmidbaur Hubert
Published: May 2012

Review: 223 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of Phosphorus by Group 14 Elements in Low Oxidation States.
Authors: Khan Shabana , Sen Sakya S. , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: May 2012

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dicarbonyl Reduction by Single Enzyme for the Preparation of Chiral Diols
Authors: Chen Yijun , Chen Chen , Wu Xuri
Published: May 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Heating in Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Pedersen Soeren L. , Tofteng A. Pernille , Malik Leila , Jensen Knud J.
Published: May 2012

Review: 254 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Allylamines for the Syntheses of Aza‐Heterocycles
Authors: Nag Somnath , Batra Sanjay
Published: May 2012

Review: ca. 500 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Supported Chiral Catalysts
Authors: Aprile Carmela , Garcia Hermenegildo , Pescarmona Paolo P.
Published: May 2012

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 7‐Deazapurine (Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine) 2′‐Deoxyribonucleosides: Syntheses and Transformations
Authors: Seela Frank , Budow Simone , Peng Xiaohua
Published: May 2012

Review: 290 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Strategies to Terpene Quinones/Hydroquinones
Authors: Gordaliza Marina
Published: May 2012

Review: 270 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Dienes via Metal Complexes of Dienes
Authors: Bauer I. , Knoelker H.‐J.
Published: May 2012

Review: 219 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Behavior of Calixarene—Azocalixarene Derivatives and Their Complexes
Authors: Deligoz Hasalettin , Karakus Ozlem Ozen , Cilgi Gulbanu Koyundereli
Published: May 2012

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Friedel—Crafts Acylation Reaction with Anhydrides: Silica‐Supported Sulfonic Acids as Green and Efficients Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Piscopo Calogero G. , Adorni Andrea , Maggi Raimondo , Sartori Giovanni
Published: May 2012

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to Chalcogen—Nitrogen π‐Heterocyclic Radicals
Authors: Gritsan Nina P. , Makarov Alexander Yu. , Zibarev Andrey V.
Published: May 2012

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyamine Drug Discovery. Synthetic Approaches to Therapeutic Modulators of Polyamine Metabolism
Authors: Woster Patrick M.
Published: May 2012

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bimolecular Photoreactions in the Crystalline State
Authors: Natarajan Arunkumar , Bhogala Balakrishna R.
Published: May 2012

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiophene S‐Oxides as Substrates in Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Thiemann Thies , Iniesta Jesus
Published: May 2012

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of the PIFA‐Assisted Intramolecular Olefin Amidation Reaction: An Advantageous Approach to the Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Tellitu Imanol , Dominguez Esther
Published: May 2012

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cardanol‐Based Materials as Natural Precursors for Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Vasapollo Giuseppe , Mele Giuseppe , Del Sole Roberta
Published: May 2012

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mean Excitation Energies for Biomolecules: Glycine to DNA
Authors: Sauer Stephan P. A. , Oddershede Jens , Sabin John R.
Published: May 2012

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Greatly Under‐Appreciated Fundamental Principle of Physical Organic Chemistry
Authors: Cox Robin A.
Published: May 2012

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polydiacetylenes: Supramolecular Smart Materials with a Structural Hierarchy for Sensing, Imaging and Display Applications
Authors: Yarimaga Oktay , Jaworski Justyn , Yoon Bora , Kim Jong‐Man
Published: May 2012

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoencapsulation of Food Ingredients Using Lipid‐Based Delivery Systems
Authors: Fathi Milad , Mozafari M. R. , Mohebbi M.
Published: May 2012

Review: 187 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Ketones: Catalyst Development and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Riener Korbinian , Hoegerl Manuel P. , Gigler Peter , Kuehn Fritz E.
Published: May 2012

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Model Studies Based on ab initio Calculations of Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Addition—Substitution Reactions Focused on Carbon—Halogen Compounds
Authors: Buck Henk M.
Published: May 2012

Review: 34 refs.
Development of a chiral stationary phase based on cinchonidine. Comparison with a quinine‐based chiral column
Authors: Keunchkarian Sonia , Grisales Jaiver Osorio , Padró Juan M. , Boeris Susana , Castells Cecilia B.
Published: May 2012

A chiral anion‐exchanger stationary phase based on cinchonidine (CD) was developed. Two columns were packed with and without endcapping (EC) treatment (CD‐chiral stationary phase[CD‐CSP(EC)] and [CD‐CSP], respectively) and studied for their ability to separate N‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl α‐amino acids (DNP‐amino acids) enantiomers over a temperature range of 10–40 °C with a hydro‐organic buffer mobile phase. The more hydrophobic, endcapped stationary phase showed significantly larger retentive capacity than the non‐endcapped one. The apparent thermodynamic transfer parameters of the enantiomers from the mobile to both CSPs were estimated from van't Hoff plots within the cited temperature range. Similar studies with two natural quinine‐based columns (QN‐CSP and QN‐CSP(EC)) were previously reported. In this work, a critical comparison in the chiral recognition ability to DNP‐amino acids of these cinchonidine and QN‐based chiral columns was drawn. It has been found that QN‐based CSPs show greater chiral recognition capability towards these derivatives than CD‐CSPs. The influence of the QN methoxy group on the equilibrium constants of the enantioselective interaction between these DNP‐amino acids with these two cinchona CSPs could be assessed. Chirality 24:512–518, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of atropisomeric 1‐phenylpyrrole‐derived amino alcohols: New chiral ligands
Authors: Faigl Ferenc , Mátravölgyi Béla , Szöllősy Áron , Czugler Mátyás , Tárkányi Gábor , Vékey Károly , Kubinyi Miklós
Published: May 2012

An efficient synthetic method has been developed for the preparation of a new family of atropisomeric amino alcohols with 1‐phenylpyrrole backbone. The synthesis is based on the different reactivities of the two carboxylic groups in optically active 1‐[2‐carboxy‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid (1). The chemical structures of the key intermediates were confirmed by spectroscopic methods and single crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements. The very first application of a new optically active amino alcohol as catalyst for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde demonstrated the practical usefulness of atropisomeric compounds in which there are six‐atom chains between the two functional groups. Chirality 24:532–542, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stepwise cumulation of RUNX3 methylation mediated by Helicobacter pylori infection contributes to gastric carcinoma progression
Authors: Lu Xiao‐Xiao , Yu Jiang‐Liu , Ying Li‐Sha , Han Jing , Wang Shi , Yu Qi‐Ming , Wang Xin‐Bao , Fang Xian‐Hua , Ling Zhi‐Qiang
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND:

Helicobacter pylori has been recognized as a definite carcinogen for gastric cancer (GC); however, the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection remains unclear. Runt‐related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene whose deficiency is causally related to GC. However, in H. pylori infection‐associated GC, the role of RUNX3 has not been studied.

METHODS:

The authors used real‐time methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction analysis to determine methylation status of the RUNX3 promoter in a spectrum of gastric lesions, including 220 samples of chronic atrophic gastritis, 196 samples of intestinal metaplasia, 134 samples of gastric adenoma, 102 samples of dysplasia, and 202 samples of GC with paired noncancerous mucosa tissues and corresponding blood specimens. The association of abnormal methylation with precancerous gastric lesions was evaluated along with the association between RUNX3 methylation and H. pylori infection, and the concordance of methylation levels was investigated between serum and tissues.

RESULTS:

The results indicated that increasing RUNX3 promoter methylation was correlated with distinct stages of GC progression. GC tissues had the highest methylation proportion (75.2%) compared with precancerous gastric lesions, including chronic atrophic gastritis (15.9%), intestinal metaplasia (36.7%), gastric adenoma (41.8%), and dysplasia (54.9%). H. pylori infection, a major risk factor for GC, contributed to the inactivation of RUNX3 in gastric epithelial cells through promoter hypermethylation. The levels of RUNX3 methylation in serum were in significant concordance with the methylation levels observed in GC tissues (P = .887).

CONCLUSIONS:

The current findings supported RUNX3 methylation as a risk factors for the carcinogenesis of chronic atrophic gastritis with H. pylori infection and indicated that circulating RUNX3 methylation is a valuable biomarker for the detection of early GC. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.