bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS FINANSIAL USAHABUDIDAYA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) DI KARAMBA JARING TANCAP DI DESA SINUIANKECAMATAN REMBOKEN
Authors: Sambuaga Omega V. , Rarung Lexy K. , Durand Swenekhe S.
Published: July 2019

Abstract This study aims to review knowing the state of the District Sales Manager village Sinuian Remboken And find out if the fish farming in net cages step feasible OR feasible for the review run. The basic method basis Of Research Singer Namely Studies CASE, data retrieval is done Operates census where respondents Its taken is 100% of a population of Fishermen fish of tilapia in the village Sinuian, data collected is data primary data the collected with how to observe and secondary data in the form evidence, notes OR statements of historical Yang has arranged hearts archives for review analyzing fish farming with analysis methods operating profit data such as net income, the rate of profit, benefit cost ratio, profitability, break-even point, the payback period, net present value, internal rate and returns. Based on the analysis in the financial, fish farming in net cages step in the Village Sinuian eligible to run because the value of a positive operating profit, profit rate of fish farming reached 57.23%, 92.22% profitability, the value of the benefit cost ratio> 1 namely 1.57; BEP or break-even point is BEP sales of Rp. 24,562,016 and BEP 982.48kg unit further investment return rate of tilapia fish farming are 1 year 1 month, with a 92.09% IRR, NPV 329,059,572.14. Keywords: cage nets step, financial analysis, tilapia Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui keadaan umum Desa Sinuian Kecamatan Remboken dan mengetahui apakah usaha budidaya ikan di karamba jaring tancap layak atau tidak layak untuk dijalankan. Metode dasar dari penelitian ini yaitu studi kasus, pengambilan data dilakukan secara sensus dimana responden yang diambil adalah 100% dari populasi nelayan pembudidaya ikan nila di Desa Sinuian, data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer yaitu data yang terkumpul dengan cara observasi dan data sekunder berupa bukti, catatan atau laporan historis yang telah tersusun dalam arsip untuk menganalisis usaha budidaya ikan dengan metode analisis data seperti operating profit, net profit, profit rate, benefit cost ratio, rentabilitas, break event point, payback period, net present value, dan internal rate of return. Berdasarkan hasil analisis secara finansial, usaha budidaya ikan di karamba jaring tancap di Desa Sinuian layak untuk dijalankan karena nilai operating profit positif, profit rate dari usaha budidaya ikan ini mencapai 57,23%, rentabilitas 92,22%, nilai benefit cost ratio  >1 yaitu 1,57; BEP atau titik impas yaitu BEP penjualan Rp. 24,562,016dan BEP satuan 982.48kg selanjutnya tingkat pengembalian investasi dari usaha budidaya ikan nila ini adalah 1 tahun 1 bulan, dengan IRR 92,09%, NPV 329,059,572.14. Kata Kunci : Karamba jaring tancap, analisis finansial, ikan nila
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA BUDI DAYA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) SISTEM KARAMBA JARING TANCAP DI DESA PASLATEN KECAMATAN REMBOKEN KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Wowor Injili V. , Pangemanan Jeannette F. , Lumenta Vonne
Published: July 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha budi daya ikan Nila sistem karamba jaring tancap di Desa Paslaten Kecamatan Remboken Kabupaten Minahasa berdasarkan analisis kelayakan usaha karamba jaring tancap untuk menentukan operating profit (OP), net profit (π), profit rate (PR), benefit cost ratio (BCR), rentabilitas, break even point (BEP) dan payback period (PP). Hasil analisis usaha budi daya ikan sistem karamba jaring tancap di Desa Paslaten Kecamatan Remboken layak untuk dijalankan karena Nilai operating profit (OP) yaitu Rp. 73.564.000. Nilai net profit atau keuntungan absolut Rp. 65.994.296. Profit rate (PR) sebesar 98,45%. Nilai benefit cost ratio (BCR) lebih dari 1 yaitu 1,98. Rentabilitas usaha masuk dalam kategori baik sekali karena lebih dari 100% yaitu 166%. Break even point penjualan sebesar Rp. 13.517.328 dan BEP satuan 540 kg dengan jangka waktu pengembalian 7,2 bulan atau tujuh bulan enam hari. Berdasarkan perhitungan tersebut maka usaha budi daya ikan Nila sistem karamba jaring tancap di Desa Paslaten Kecamatan Remboken layak untuk dijalankan.Kata Kunci : budidaya, jaring tancap, kelayakan, finansial
ANALISIS FINANSIAL USAHABUDIDAYA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) DI KARAMBA JARING TANCAP DI DESA SINUIANKECAMATAN REMBOKEN
Authors: Sambuaga Omega V. , Rarung Lexy K. , Durand Swenekhe S.
Published: July 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui keadaan umum Desa Sinuian Kecamatan Remboken dan mengetahui apakah usaha budidaya ikan di karamba jaring tancap layak atau tidak layak untuk dijalankan. Metode dasar dari penelitian ini yaitu studi kasus, pengambilan data dilakukan secara sensus dimana responden yang diambil adalah 100% dari populasi nelayan pembudidaya ikan nila di Desa Sinuian, data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer yaitu data yang terkumpul dengan cara observasi dan data sekunder berupa bukti, catatan atau laporan historis yang telah tersusun dalam arsip untuk menganalisis usaha budidaya ikan dengan metode analisis data seperti operating profit, net profit, profit rate, benefit cost ratio, rentabilitas, break event point, payback period, net present value, dan internal rate of return.Berdasarkan hasil analisis secara finansial, usaha budidaya ikan di karamba jaring tancap di Desa Sinuian layak untuk dijalankan karena nilai operating profit positif, profit rate dari usaha budidaya ikan ini mencapai 57,23%, rentabilitas 92,22%, nilai benefit cost ratio  >1 yaitu 1,57; BEP atau titik impas yaitu BEP penjualan Rp. 24,562,016dan BEP satuan 982.48kg selanjutnya tingkat pengembalian investasi dari usaha budidaya ikan nila ini adalah 1 tahun 1 bulan, dengan IRR 92,09%, NPV 329,059,572.14.Kata Kunci : Karamba jaring tancap, analisis finansial, ikan nila
ANALISIS PERANAN WANITA PADA RANTAI NILAI PRODUK TUNA CAKALANG ASAP DI KOTA BITUNG PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Lambaniga Kristi M.R. , Jusuf Alvon , Lumenta Vonne
Published: July 2019

AbstrakWanita merupakan komponen penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi perikanan, terutama pada rantai nilai perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan wanita pada rantai nilai produk tuna-cakalang asap di Kota Bitung Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Aspek-aspek yang diteliti mencakup profil aktivitas, profil akses dan kontrol, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peranan wanita, serta kendala-kendala yang dihadapi wanita dalam melaksanakan peranannya.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus dengan fokus pada wanita pengolah produk tuna-cakalang asap di kampung Loyang, Kelurahan Girian Atas, Kota Bitung. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan non participant observation, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peranan wanita dalam rantai nilai produk tuna-cakalang asap meliputi: melakukan transaksi penjualan dan pembukuan, dan menyiapkan makanan untuk pekerja, sementara pembelian ikan sebagai bahan baku dan bahan pelengkap lainnya dilakukan bersamaan dengan laki-laki. Wanita juga menjual produk ke pasar, mengatur dan mengelola keuangan bisnis, dan mengontrol pengolahan ikan yang dilakukan oleh laki-laki. Peranan wanita pada rantai nilai produk tuna-cakalang asap didukung oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu rata-rata usia yang produktif, pengalaman kerja yang cukup, jumlah tanggungan keluarga yang kecil, keterampilan kerja yang tinggi, tingkat pendidikan yang memadai, interaksi sosial yang baik, ketersediaan modal dan keberadaan tenaga kerja pria di sekitar lokasi usaha wanita. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi wanita adalah ketidakmampuan melakukan kegiatan fisik yang berat serta tingkat persaingan usaha yang sangat ketat. Kata kunci : peranan wanita, rantai nilai, tuna-cakalang asap
Cover, Kata Pengantar, dan Daftar Isi
Authors: Andaki Jardie A.
Published: July 2019

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USAHA RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN DI DESA KEMA III KECAMATAN KEMA KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Djafar Helmi S. , Rarung Lexy K. , Dien Christian R.
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine what business diversification was chosen by the fishing community of Kema III Village, Kema District, North Minahasa District in maintaining their lives and their families and also to determine the differences and implications of business diversification chosen by fishing communities in Kema III Village, Kema District, Minahasa Regency North.The method used in this study, namely survey. Survey research is used to collect data or information about large populations using relatively small samples. The population can be related to people, institutions, institutions, organizations and community units, etc., but the main source is people.To maintain the economic viability of fisherman households, one of the strategies undertaken is to diversify jobs, outside of activities as fishermen. Alternative efforts by fishermen in Kema III Village to increase their household income outside the fisheries sector include construction workers, shop stalls, workshops and shops. By diversifying jobs, the fishermen's family has a meaning that is very meaningful for the sustainability of the household economy. This is related to irregularities and instability of their income from the results of fishing.Keywords: fishermen, household businesses, household economic sustainability, diversification AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah dapat menentukan diversifikasi usaha apa yang dipilih oleh masyarakat nelayan Desa Kema III Kecamatan Kema Kabupaten Minahasa Utara dalam mempertahankan hidup mereka dan keluarga dan juga untuk menentukan perbedaan dan implikasi dari diversifikasi usaha yang dipilih oleh masyarakat nelayan Desa Kema III Kecamatan Kema Kabupaten Minahasa Utara.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu survey. Penelitian survey digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data atau informasi tentang populasi yang besar dengan menggunakan sampel yang relatif kecil. Populasi tersebut bisa berkenaan dengan orang, instansi, lembaga, organisasi dan unit-unit kemasyarakatan dan lain-lain, tetapi sumber utamanya adalah orang.Untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan ekonomi rumah tangga nelayan, salah satu strategi yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan diversifikasi pekerjaan, di luar kegiatan sebagai nelayan. Usaha alternatif yang dilakukan nelayan di Desa Kema III dalam meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangganya di luar sektor perikanan antara lain buruh bangunan, usaha warung, bengkel dan toko. Dengan melakukan diversifikasi pekerjaan, bagi keluarga nelayan memiliki makna yang sangat berarti bagi kelangsungan ekonomi rumah tangganya. Hal ini terkait dengan ketidakteraturan dan ketidakstabilan penghasilan mereka dari hasil melaut.Kata kunci: nelayan, usaha rumah tangga, kelangsungan ekonomi rumah tangga, diversivikasi
MANAJEMEN USAHA IKAN FUFU DI DESA TAMBALA KAMPUNG BARU KECAMATAN TOMBARIRI KABUPATEN MINAHASA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Rinaldi Rian , Jusuf Nurdin , Tambani Grace O.
Published: July 2019

AbstractIndonesian fisheries resources regarding food in the fisheries sector have great potential, this is an important factor in supporting national development.This study aims to determine the management of "fufu" fish business in Tambala Kampung Baru Village, Tombariri District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, namely the system of processing and marketing of "fufu" fish.The research method is descriptive in order to describe the characteristics of a situation. Data retrieval is done by census method, where there are 19 "fufu" fish business owners, then data is collected on all business objects. Primary data was taken through direct interviews using a questionnaire to "fufu" fish business owners and secondary data is the data of viewers in this study."Fufu" fish production in Tambala Kampung Baru Village is adjusted to the acquisition of capital obtained by the business owner, where in 10 respondents it can be seen that the availability of raw materials in the production process varies from 300 kg to 500 kg. Marketing plans have been established after business planning.The economic aspect of the "fufu" fish business can provide good profit. This is because operational costs are relatively low, when compared to other businesses, producer marketing is not difficult, and the average processing process is carried out for 7 days.Keywords: management, "fufu" fish business, tambala village AbstrakSumberdaya perikanan Indonesia menyangkut bahan pangan dalam bidang perikanan memiliki potensi besar, hal ini merupakan faktor penting dalam menunjang pembangunan bangsa.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen usaha ikan “fufu” di Desa Tambala Kampung Baru Kecamatan Tombariri Kabupaten Minahasa Propinsi Sulawesi Utara yaitu sistem pengolahan dan pemasaran ikan “fufu”.Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan tujuan menguraikan sifat-sifat dari suatu keadaan. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode sensus, dimana terdapat 19 pemilik usaha ikan “fufu”, kemudian dilakukan pengambilan data terhadap keseluruhan objek usaha. Data primer diambil melalui wawancara secara langsung dengan menggunakan kuesioner kepada pemilik usaha ikan “fufu” dan data sekunder merupakan data-data penujang dalam penelitian ini.Produksi ikan “fufu” di Desa Tambala Kampung Baru disesuaikan dengan perolehan modal yang diperoleh pemilik usaha, dimana dalam 10 responden dapat dilihat ketersedian bahan baku dalam proses produksi bervariasi antara 300 kg sampai dengan 500 kg. Rencanah pemasaran sudah ditetapkan setelah adanya perencanan usaha.Segi ekonomis usaha ikan “fufu” dapat memberikan keutungan yang baik. Hal ini disebabkan biaya oprasionalnya relatif rendah, bila dibandingkan dengan usaha lain, produsen pemasaran tidak sulit, dan proses pengolahan rata-rata dilakukan selama 7 hari.Kata kunci: Manajemen, usaha ikan “fufu”, Desa Tambala
PERBANDINGAN KEADAAN SOSIAL EKONOMI NELAYAN KELOMPOKDAN MANDIRI DI DESA TATELI WERU KECAMATAN MANDOLANG KABUPATEN MINAHASA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Konore Gabrila , Manoppo Victoria E.N. , Lumenta Vonne
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aims of this research to explain and compared the socioeconomic condition of fishermen group and independently in Tateli Weru Village, Mandolang District.This research to add the information and knowledge about socio economic as well as the issue of fisheries developing.Method to be usedis survey method by using questioner sampling uses is purposive sampling namely fisheries group and independently.Fishermen in Tateli Weru Village were 105 because all of them lived and activities in coastal closed to mooring boat and fishing equipment. If the fisherman not makes activity, they usually do such as farming, repairing a boat or helpinghis wife. The comparison of two groups were the fisheries group do not go fishing togetheraccordance who needs of each member because the equipment are given by the government but the independly group they fishing depended on climate.Keywords: Socioeconomic, fishermen group, independently group  AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan membandingkan keadaan sosial ekonomi nelayan kelompok dan mandiri di Desa Tateli Weru Kecamatan Mandolang, menambah informasi dan pengetahuan mengenai keadaan sosial ekonomi nelayan kelompok dan mandiri selain itu sebagai hal-hal yang dapat menjadi bahan untuk membangun perikanan melalui pekerjaan peneliti di kemudian hari.Metode Penelitian menggunakan metode survei, yaitu berupa pertanyaan-pertanyaan terstruktur berupa kuisioner.Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling yaitu nelayan yang tergabung dalam kelompok dan mandiri.Nelayan yang ada di Desa Tateli Weru berjumlah 105 orang nelayan karena suatu kelompok masyarakat yang kehidupannya berada di pesisir pantai dan mata pencahariannya tergantung pada aktivitas penangkapan ikan di laut, serta pemukiman berada di pesisir pantai yang dekat dengan tambatan perahu dan peralatan tangkap. Peralatan kelengkapan yang dibawa responden untuk melaut berupa jerigen bensin, dayung, jangkar, serok.Jika responden tidak melakukan aktivitas melaut, mereka biasanya melakukan aktivitas lain, seperti bertani, memperbaiki perahu, dan ada yang membantu istri.Jika dilihat dari kelompok nelayan, mereka tidak pergi menangkap ikan secara bersama-sama, hanya peralatan yang diberikan pemerintah digunakan sesuai dengan keperluan dari setiap anggota, jadi para anggota bergantian menggunakan alat tersebut.Kata kunci: Sosial ekonomi, nelayan kelompok, nelayan mandiri
Pemanfaatan tanaman obat untuk pengendalian penyakit dalam usaha budidaya
Authors: Schram Shifa A.
Published: July 2019

Production of global and national aquaculture often fails due to outbreaks of fish diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Moreover, as a tropical country, Indonesia has a climate that strongly supports the development of pathogens. The occurrence of disease outbreak is basically as a result of disturbance of the balance interaction between fish, the unfavorable environment and pathogens. Medicinal plants are rich of antimicrobial compounds such as naphthoquinone, coumarin derivatives, tannins, flavonoids, and steroids, which are effective for inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Oleoresin compounds, i.e. essential oils that act as antibacterial and antifungal are also present in medicinal plants. Medicinal plants also serve to stop the bleeding, because there are anti-inflammatory compounds (anti-inflammatory). This compound is found in several medicinal plants that have been tested to cope with fish diseases such as rose balsam, guava leaf, garlic, betel leaf and ginger. Some of the advantages of using traditional medicinal plants are relatively safe, easy to obtain, cheap, not resistant, and relatively harmless to the surrounding environment and do not create antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Thus, it is more adviseable to use medicinal plants in controlling fish diseases. Keywords: medicinal plants, aquaculture, aquaculture, fish diseases
STUDI POTENSI SUMBERDAYA ALAM DI KAWASAN PESISIR KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Durand Swenekhe Sandra
Published: July 2019

Fisheries and marine sectors have to be the main program of North Sulawesi economic development. Since the fisheries potency is large enough and the development is good in fishing, aquaculture and fish processing, the regional government has established the fisheries sub-sector as one of the development supporting factors. The study was carried out from February to July 2008 in South Minahasa Regency. Data collection was done through structured and unstructured interviews, field observations and documentations. The study used a qualitative descriptive analytical method in spite of quantitative data collections. South Minahasa is one of the regencies in North Sulawesi with the capital of Amurang, possesses an area of 1,591.65 Km2 (population of 201,293), consists of 17 districts, 154 villages, 815 small government units. Seven districts are in the coastal areas (Tenga,Sinonsayang,East Amurang, Amurang, West Amurang, Tumpaan and Tatapaan). The coastal natural recources of this regency are mangrove ecosystem, coral reef, and sea grasses. These ecosystems have an ecological integration that will affect future fisheries recources productivity. Fisherman of South Minahasa Regency are distributed in 17 districts. The potency of coastal fisheries recources and its development in South  Minahasa Regency possesses 933 Ha of mangrove ecosystems, 1,349.6 Ha of coral reefs, and 1300 Ha of seagrass beds at Rap-Rap Wawontulap. Fishery society in Regency of Minahasa South arch gone the round in 17 districts. Sum up the fishery domestic a lot of there are in districts Amurang with the amount 563 RTP. In general fishery Society in Regency of Minahasa South arch conduct four fishery activity that is aquaculture, arrest, merchant and fish processor. Full scale aquaculture is 1.435 soul, sum up this gone the round in seven districts compassion, 236 soul in New districts Tompaso. To the effort fish arrest in the sea, do not all districts own the activity of fish arrest there's only seven districts (Tataapan, Tumpaan, Amurang East, Amurang, Amurang West, Tenga And Sinonsayang) full scalely is Fisherman catching fish in the sea 6.446 soul and which is a lot of there are in districts Tumpaan. For the fisherman of catching fish in public territorial water is only gone the round in five districts (Motoling West, Ranoyapo, New Tompaso, Maesaan And Modoinding), full scalely 59 soul and which is a lot of there are in fewest districts Modoinding there are in districts of Motoling West.
POTENSI JENIS-JENIS IKAN AIR TAWAR KONSUMSI MASYARAKAT ALIRAN SUNGAI DIGOEL, KABUPATEN BOVEN DIGOEL, PAPUA, DAN BEBERAPA LANGKAH PENGELOLAANNYA
Authors: Rarung Lexy K , Pratasik Silvester B
Published: July 2019

This study aimed at providing information on freshwater fish living in Digoel River, Boven Digoel Regency, Papua, edible for local people and some management options. Data were collected from observing the fishing activities and Tanah Merah  market, and through personal interviews as well. Results showed that there were about 23 species of native and introduced fish living in the Digoel River. Native fish population is decreasing as a result of forest clear cut, pollution, irrational fishing and predation. Therefore, management actions should be taken.
PEMELIHARAAN POST LARVA (PL4-PL9) UDANG VANNAMEI (Penaeus vannamei) DI HATCHERY PT. BANGGAI SENTRAL SHRIMP PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Kalesaran Ockstan J
Published: July 2019

White shrimp culture have been developed in some part of brackish water pond area in Indonesia, either in extensive, semi intensive or intensive technology and it resulted increasing on Indonesian shrimp culture production.  At post larval stages, the pleopods become fully developed and functional. The animals grow very fast in terms of size and are able to swim freely although early post larvae are still planktonic. This research was done to know post larval rearing in Hatchery of PT. Banggai Sentral Shrimp. Preparation of basic facilities such as larval rearing tanks, water supply and aeration system is one of the most important activities in hatchery operation.  Good water quality should be strictly maintained especially during this phase of larva rearing.
UJI LARVASIDA NYAMUK (Aedes aegypti) DARI ASCIDIAN (Didemnum molle)
Authors: Rumengan Antonius P
Published: July 2019

Dengue haemorrhagie fever is one of the disease which caused by dengue virus. It spreads out by mosquito Aedes aegypti as the vector. To date, people use abate as the larvacidal.  Yet it causes the negative effects, such as bad odor, rustiness of the water container and resistency either to the larvae or to the living environment if continue using it. The objective of the research was to examine the larvacidal activity of Didemnum molle extract against A. aegypti larvae. The sample was extracted with methanol to give methanolic extract which was further partitioned with ethyl acetate, hexane, and chloroform to yield three fractions of ethyl acetate, hexane, and chloroform. Methanolic extract and the three fractions were tested against the A. aegypti larvae instar III for several concentrations. Abate and tap water were used as controls. The result exhibited that Didemnum molle extracts contain or produce larvacidae substances against A. aegypti larvae. They are approved by the data of methanolic extract and the 3 fractions which are more powerful than abate, particularly hexane. However it still needs to be purified to obtain single active compound.
STABILITAS STATIS KAPAL IKAN TIPE LAMBUT TERSANJUNG YANG BERPANGKALAN DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN SAMUDERA AERTEMBAGA KOTA BITUNG PROPINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Pangalila Fransisco PT
Published: July 2019

Ship is water vehicle with any shape and any purpose, mechanically powered or by windvor tug and categorized as a multipurpose platform. It could be operated underwater or in the surface of water and could function merely as a floating static structure.  The natural condition is the fish catching area are unpredictable as the wave an current of the water could disturbing the maneuverability and the stabilty of the ship. For that purpose the fish catching ship should have and meet the criterion of robust construction and strong structure to deal with the extreme condition in the sea and also should have a good maneuverability and enough power to make it move steadily. The total lenght of the sample ship Tersanjung are 15.85 m, the width are 2.90 m and inside the ship measured as 1.32 m. The average comparison among the 3 parameters are 5.50 for L/B, 13.05 for L/D and 2.37 for B/D. The coefficient of the Tersanjung ship are Cb=0.58, Cp=0.96, C =0.60 and Cw=0.87.  “Tersanjung” ship has reverse velocity 3.7 second (1 perod). Maximum rolling reaching at 120 with righting moment of 0.21 m.
DISTRIBUSI KARANG DAN IKAN KARANG DI KAWASAN REEF BALL TELUK BUYAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA
Authors: Manembu Indri , Adrianto Luky , Bengen Dietriech G , Yulianda Ferdinan
Published: July 2019

Penempatan reef ball di perairan Teluk Buyat dan sekitarnya telah dilakukan pada tahun 1999 oleh PT. Newmont Minahasa Raya. Tujuan penempatan reef ball untuk membangun habitat berbagai biota yang berasosiasi dengan karang sehingga dapat meningkatkan populasi ikan ekonomis penting. Kehadiran ikan karang pada reef ball sangat penting secara ekologis dan ekonomis. Penurunan kualitas terumbu berarti hilangnya nilai ekonomi barang dan jasa, serta hilangnya jaminan makanan dan pekerjaan untuk masyarakat pesisir, yang umumnya hidup dalam kemiskinan. Secara keseluruan, komposisi spesies ikan yang ditemukan di reef ball terdiri dari 19 famili, 34 genus, 50 spesies dan 290 individu, yang tertinggi dihuni oleh jenis dari famili Mullidae. Seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu dan usia reef ball, beberapa spesies terlihat sudah menetap seperti Lutjanus kasmira, dan beberapa spesies dari famili Acanthuridae. Keberadaan reef ball membantu terbentuknya ekosistem terumbu karang yang baru dan meningkatkan kesuburan perairan, sehingga lebih meningkatkan keberadaan komposisi ikan karang, yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan pendapatan nelayan dari hasil tangkapan ikan karang.Kata kunci: Reef ball, karang batu, ikan karang Distribution of Coral Reefs and Fish in Buyat Bay Area Reef Ball Southeast Minahasa Regency The placement of reef ball in Buyat Bay and surrounding areas have been carried out since 1999 by PT. Newmont Minahasa Raya. The goal of this placement was to build a habitat for many biota associated with reef thus may improve economically important fish populations. The presence of reef fish on the reef ball is indispensable ecologically and economically. Furthermore, the degradation of reefs might cause the disappearance of economic value of goods and services, as well as the disappearance of food security and employment for coastal communities, who generally live in poverty. Overall, the composition of fish species found in the reef ball consists of 19 families, 34 genera, 50 species and 290 individuals, the highest inhabited by species of the family Mullidae. As time went by and the increase of reef ball age, some species seem have settled down such as Lutjanus kasmira, and several species of the Acanthuridae family. In addition, the presence of reef ball helps the formation of a new coral reef ecosystem and increase the fertility of waters, therefore enhancing the presence of reef fish composition, which might increases the income of fishermen. Keywords: Reef ball, coral reef, reef fish
DETERMINASI MOLEKULER KOI HERPES VIRUS (KHV) YANG DIISOLASI DARI IKAN KOI (Cyprinus carpio koi)
Authors: Saselah Jetti Treslah , Tumbol Reiny A , Manoppo Henky
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeterminasi keberadaan Koi Herpes Virus (KHV) pada ikan koi (Cyprinus carpio koi). Sampel ikan diambil dari Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Penelitian di lakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sam Ratulangi dengan menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Hasil pemeriksaan PCR terhadap sampel ikan koi mengindikasikan bahwa sampel ikan koi telah terinfeksi oleh virus KHV, yang ditandai dengan munculnya pita DNA pada hasil visualisasi elektroforesis agarosa. Hasil pemeriksaan pada morfologi ternyata sampel ikan yang digunakan menunjukkan gejala-gejala klinis terserang KHV seperti mata pucat, insang berwarna pucat serta produksi lendir yang berlebihan. Beberapa sampel lainnya walaupun secara morfologi belum menunjukan gejala-gejala klinis tetapi melalui pemeriksaan PCR telah terindikasikan terinfeksi KHV. Kata kunci: KHV, PCR, ikan koi   The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of Koi Herpes Virus (KHV) in Koi (Cyprinus carpio koi). Fish samples were taken from the Sangihe Archipelago Regency. Laboratory work conducted at the Laboratory of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Sam Ratulangi using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The samples indicated that the koi fish samples were infected with KHV. It is shown by the appearance of DNA bands on agarose electrophore­sis visualization. The morphological examination of the body indicated clinical symptoms of KHV infection, such as pale eyes, pale gills and excessive mucus production. Several other samples, although without clinical symptoms, have shown to be infected as indicated by PCR test. Keywords: KHV, PCR, Koi.
ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT OF MARINE TOURISM AREAS AT BANDENGAN WATERS, JEPARA, CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Juliana . , Sya’rani Lachmuddin , Zainuri Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Bandengan waters have the potential to serve as a marine tourism area, its sustainability has to be preserved. Optimal utilization of Bandengan waters can provide benefits not only to the environment but also to the economic improvement of the community. Efforts to optimize marine tourism in Bandengan waters were conducted by reviewing area management alternatives to preserve and improve the welfare of the commu­nity. This study aims to analyze the alternative management of the marine tourism area using A'WOT analysis which is a combined analysis of SWOT and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) to establish strategies and to determine alternative management on marine tourism in Bandengan waters. Based on A'WOT analysis obtained alternatives to manage marine tourism area which consists of spatial planning based on biophysical parameters, spatial planning based on the carrying capacity of the environment, increasing public and tourist awareness to cleanliness, improving both the quantity and quality of infrastructure, and the making of legis­lation. The recommended alternative management is basically aimed to preserve the marine tourism in Bandengan waters and to improve the people's welfare. Keywords: marine tourism, alternative management, SWOT, AHP  Perairan Bandengan memiliki potensi yang dapat dijadikan sebagai kawasan wisata bahari, sehingga perlu dijaga kelestariannya. Pemanfaatan perairan Bandengan secara optimal dapat memberikan manfaat tidak hanya terhadap lingkungan tetapi juga terhadap peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat. Upaya untuk meng­optimalkan wisata bahari di perairan Bandengan dilakukan pengkajian terhadap alternatif pengelolaan ka­wasan menjaga kelestarian dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa alternatif pengelolaan kawasan wisata bahari dengan menggunakan analisa A’WOT yaitu ga­bungan analisa SWOT dan PHA untuk menetapkan strategi dan menentukan alternatif pengelolaan kawasan wisata bahari di Perairan Bandengan. Berdasarkan analisa A’WOT diperoleh alternatif pengelolaan kawasan wisata bahari yang terdiri dari penataan ruang berdasarkan parameter biofisik, penataan ruang berdasarkan daya dukung lingkungan, peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat dan wisatawan terhadap kebersihan, peningkatan infrastruktur baik kuantitas maupun kualitas, serta pembuatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Alternatif pengelolaan yang dihasilkan pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk menjaga kelestarian kawasan wisata bahari di perairan Bandengan dan meningkatkan  kesejahteraan masyarakat Bandengan. Kata kunci: wisata bahari, alternatif pengelolaan, SWOT, AHP
MUTU SENSORIK DAN NILAI–K IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis. L) DARI INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN IKAN ASAP DI MANADO
Authors: Onibala Hens
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kajian mutu sensorik dan tingkat kesegaran awal dari ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis. L) yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku dalam pengolahan ikan asap di Manado. Ikan cakalang yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku memiliki nilai organoleptik rata–rata 7,79 dan nilai–K 37,08%. Hal ini berarti bahwa bahan baku ikan cakalang yang digunakan pada industri pe­ngolahan ikan asap tersebut pada umumnya menggunakan bahan baku ikan yang masuk dalam tingkatan mutu III. Kata kunci: cakalang, Katsuwonus pelamis. L, ikan asap, nilai–K, organoleptik.This objective of this research is to identifying the initial organoleptic quality and freshness level of skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis. L, used as raw materials for smoked fish in Manado, North Sulawesi. Results found that skipjack tuna used as raw materials for smoked fish has an average organoleptic value of 7.79 and K-value of 37.08%. It means that the raw materials of the skipjack used in the smoked fish processing industry come from the fish of class III quality. Keywords: skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis. L, smoked fish, K-value, organoleptic.
KESESUAIAN DAN DAYA DUKUNG WISATA BAHARI DI PERAIRAN BANDENGAN KABUPATEN JEPARA JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Juliana . , Sya’rani Lachmuddin , Zainuri Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Bandengan waters are marine tourism area which should be preserved, so that it is necessary to analyze the suitability and carrying capacity of the area. This study aims to determine the suitability of marine tourism using tourism suitability indices method based on biophysical parameters. Biophysical-water para­meters used as suitability criteria are coral reef coverage, harmful biota, depth, brightness, current velocity, bottom substrate, slope and width of the beach, land cover and type of beach and the availability of fresh water. Analysis of the carrying capacity of the area was conducted to determine the width of the area and the carrying capacity for each category of marine tourism. Based on the analysis of the suitability of marine tourism and the carrying capacity of the region, there are two categories of tourism which are very suitable to be developed in Bandengan waters. The first category is recreation and swimming with total area of 52.46 hectares and a capacity of 27,978 visitors. The second category is boating, banana boat and jet ski with a total area of 99.68 hectares and a capacity of 11,961 visitors. Kata kunci: marine tourism, suitability analysis, carrying capacity.   Perairan Bandengan merupakan kawasan wisata bahari yang harus dijaga kelestariannya, sehingga perlu dilakukan analisa kesesuaian dan daya dukung kawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian wisata bahari dengan metode indeks kesesuaian wisata berdasarkan parameter biofisik perairan. Parameter biofisik perairan yang dijadikan kriteria yaitu tutupan terumbu karang, biota berbahaya, kedalaman, kecerahan, kecepatan arus, material dasar perairan, kemiringan dan lebar pantai, penutupan lahan dan tipe pantai serta ketersediaan air bersih. Analisa daya dukung kawasan dilakukan untuk mengetahui luas kawasan dan daya tampung untuk masing-masing kategori wisata bahari. Berdasarkan hasil analisa terhadap kesesuaian wisata bahari dan daya dukung kawasan, ada dua kategori wisata yang sangat sesuai untuk dikembangkan pada perairan Bandengan. Kategori wisata bahari yang pertama yaitu rekreasi dan renang dengan luas kawasan 52,46 ha dan daya tampung 27,978 wisatawan. Kategori kedua yaitu berperahu, banana boat dan jet ski dengan luas kawasan 99,68 ha dan daya tampung 11.961 wisatawan. Keywords: wisata bahari, analisis kesesuaian, daya dukung.
NEMATOSIT DARI TIGA SPESIES KARANG SCLERACTINIA, GENUS POCILLOPORA
Authors: Paruntu Carolus , Rifai Husen , Kusen Janny D
Published: July 2019

Nematosit dari tiga spesies karang Scleractinia, yaitu Pocillopora eydouxi, Pocillopora woodjonesi dan Pocillopora verrucosa yang mendiami terumbu karang di kawasan Pantai Malalayang, Manado, Pro­vinsi Sulawesi Utara diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Dari 25 tipe nematosit utama yang dikenal dalam filum Cnidaria, dua tipe di antaranya dijumpai pada ketiga spesies ini. Dua tipe utama nematosit, yaitu holotrichous isorhizas (HI) dan microbasic p-mastigophores (MpM) teramati pada P. eydouxi dan P. woodjonesi, dan hanya satu tipe, yaitu microbasic p-mastigophore (MpM) diamati pada P. verrucosa. Komposisi nematosit pada P. eydouxi serupa dengan P. woodjonesi, tetapi sangat berbeda dari P. verrucosa. Ukuran HI adalah berbeda antara P. eydouxi dan P. woodjonesi, dan juga ukuran MpM berbeda antara P. verrucosa dan P. eydouxi atau P. woodjonesi. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa komposisi dan dimensi nematosit cenderung bervariasi di antara ketiga spesies ini, walaupun berada dalam satu genus.   Perbedaan-perbedaan dalam nematosit ini diusulkan untuk dapat digunakan dalam klasifikasi karang. Kata kunci: Pocillopora eydouxi, Pocillopora woodjonesi, Pocillopora verrucosa, nematosit, holotrichous isorhizas (HI), microbasic p- mastigophore (MpM).   Nematocysts of three Scleractinian corals, i.e., Pocillopora eydouxi, Pocillopora woodjonesi and Pocillopora verrucosa occurring in the reef of the coastal area of Malalayang, Manado, North Sulawesi Province were studied. Of the 25 major types of nematocysts recognized in the phylum of Cnidaria, two types were encountered in these three corals. Two major types of holotrichous isorhizas (HI) and microbasic p-mastigophores (MpM) were observed in P. eydouxi and P. woodjonesi, and only one type of microbasic p-mastigophore (MpM) was observed in P. verrucosa. The nematocyst composition of P. eydouxi was similar to that of P. woodjonesi, but markedly different from that of P. verrucosa. The size of HI was different between P. eydouxi and P. woodjonesi, and also the size of MpM was different between P. verrucosa and P. eydouxi or P. woodjonesi. The present observation showed that nematocyst composition and dimension might be varied among these three corals. It is suggested that the differences in the nematocysts could be used in the classification of corals. Keywords: Pocillopora eydouxi, Pocillopora woodjonesi, Pocillopora verrucosa, nematocysts, holotrichous isorhizas (HI), microbasic p- mastigophore (MpM).
SEBARAN SUHU DAN SALINITAS DI TELUK MANADO
Authors: Kalangi Patrice NI , Mandagi Anselun , Masengi Kawilarang WA , Luasunaung Alfret , Pangalila Fransisco PT , Iwata Masamitsu
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sebaran suhu dan salinitas di Teluk Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Pengukuran suhu dan salinitas secara vertikal dilakukan di delapan tempat di teluk. Profil vertikal suhu dan salinitas memperlihatkan keberadaan pelapisan kolom air. Secara horizontal, kontur suhu dan salinitas di permukaan memiliki dua “kolam” massa air, yakni kolam yang bersuhu tinggi tapi bersalinitas rendah di bagian timur teluk dan kolam yang bersuhu rendah tapi bersalinitas tinggi di bagian barat teluk. Pada lapisan dalam, kontur suhu dan salinitas cenderung sejajar dengan garis pantai bagian timur. Kata kunci: suhu, salinitas, air sungai, Teluk Manado.   The objective of this research is to describe temperature and salinity distribution in Manado Bay, North Sulawesi.  The vertical measurements of temperature and salinity were done at eight locations in the bay.  The vertical profiles of temperature and salinity shows the existence of water column stratification.  Horizontally, temperature and salinity contours of the surface layer have two pools, i.e. a pool of high temperature but low salinity in the eastern part of the bay and a pool of low temperature but high salinity in the western part of bay.  In a deeper layer, the contours of temperature and salinity tend to be parallel to eastern coastline. Keywords: temperature, salinity, river discharge, Manado Bay.
The Design of Oxygen Concentration and Flowrate in CPAP
Authors: Putra Ade , Tri Bowo Indrato  , Liliek Soetjiatie
Published: July 2019

Measuring oxygen concentration and measuring the flow of oxygen is a tool used to measure the percentage of oxygen content and oxygen flow rate in CPAP. This tool uses the OCS-03F sensor, with Arduino NANO processors then displayed on the 2X16 character LCD. Measuring the percentage of oxygen content and oxygen flow rate is carried out on CPAP for 5 measurements. The research and manufacture of this module uses the Pre-experimental method with the After Only Design design, which examines the "Oxygen Analyzer", which results in measurements compared to the traced tools to obtain high accuracy values. Based on the results of measurements on the CPAP tool at Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Hospital with oxygen level settings of 21%, 30%, 40%, 50% 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% while setting the oxygen measurement rate 1L/m, 2L /m, 3L/m, 4L/m, 5L/m, 6L/m, 7L//m, 8L/m, 9L/m 10L/m. Each measurement was carried out 5 times. For the measurement of oxygen levels the biggest error value is 5% and the smallest -0,06% while for the measurement of oxygen flow rate the biggest error value is 4% and the smallest is 0%. Based on the results of the analysis of the manufacture of oxygen levels and oxygen flow rates, it can be concluded that the manufacture of oxygen concentration measuring instruments and oxygen flow rate can work well.
Tissue Processor Based PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)
Authors: Neny Ferdianita , Her Gumiwang Ariswati  , Tri Bowo Indrato
Published: July 2019

Tissue Processor Tissue Processor consists of consists of several stages of dehydration, clearing, and paraffin infiltration.Phase dehydration to remove water content in tissues by immersion into alcohol. Clearing stage is the process of pulling out the alcohol content in the network by using a liquid xylol. Paraffin infiltration stages is the stage of filling cavities with liquid paraffin tissue. The purpose of this research is to modify the equipment that had broken before became an useful equipment that use basic controlled  PLC. This modification tool-making using the "one-group posttest design" by treatment of the instrument without first measuring the initial state, the results of treatment directly measured without comparison to a control group. Making the modification tool using PLC as the main controller throughout the series. The tool mechanical motion using DC motors and AC motors as well as the use of two sensors limit switch as the controller limits the motor movement. Based on the results obtained temperature measurement error with the largest value of 4.44% in paraffin heater tube 1 and the biggest error of 4.0% in paraffin heater tube 2. While the measurement time of each - each tube obtained the smallest error on the tube-to-one by 0 , 03%, and the biggest error of measurement contained in the tube to the fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth and tenth of 0.16%.
Realizing and Adjusting the Thermoelectric Application of MoO3 Monolayer via Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Zheng Wenwen , Cao Wei , Wang Ziyu , Deng Huixiong , Shi Jing , Xiong Rui
Published: July 2019

We have investigated the thermoelectric properties of MoO3 monolayer and its defective structures with oxygen vacancies by using first-principles method combined with Boltzmann transport theory. Our results show that the thermoelectric properties of MoO3 monolayer exhibit an anisotropic behavior which is caused by the similar anisotropic phenomenon of electronic conductivity and thermal conductivity. Moreover, the creation of oxygen vacancies proves to be an effective way to enhance the ZT values of MoO3 monolayer which is caused by the sharp peak near the Fermi level in density of states. The increased ZT value can reach 0.84 along x-axis at 300K.
The Effect of General Relativistic Precession on Tidal Disruption Events from Eccentric Nuclear Disks
Authors: Wernke Heather N. , Madigan Ann-Marie
Published: July 2019

An eccentric nuclear disk consists of stars moving on apsidally aligned orbits around a central black hole. The secular gravitational torques that dynamically stabilize these disks can also produce tidal disruption events (TDEs) at very high rates in Newtonian gravity. General relativity, however, is known to quench secular torques via rapid apsidal precession. Here we show that for a disk-to-black-hole mass ratio of

, the system is in the full loss-cone regime. The magnitude of the torque per orbital period acting on a stellar orbit means that general relativistic precession does not have a major effect on the dynamics. Thus we find no evidence that TDE rates from eccentric nuclear disks in the full loss-cone regime are affected by general relativistic precession. Furthermore, we show that orbital elements between successive TDEs from eccentric nuclear disks are correlated, potentially resulting in unique observational signatures.
On High-energy Particles in Accretion Disk Coronae of Supermassive Black Holes: Implications for MeV Gamma-rays and High-energy Neutrinos from AGN Cores
Authors: Inoue Yoshiyuki , Khangulyan Dmitry , Inoue Susumu , Doi Akihiro
Published: July 2019

Recent observations with ALMA have revealed evidence for nonthermal synchrotron emission from the core regions of two nearby Seyfert galaxies. This suggests that the coronae of accretion disks in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be conducive to the acceleration of nonthermal electrons, in addition to the hot, thermal electrons responsible for their X-ray emission through thermal Comptonization. Here, we investigate the mechanism of such particle acceleration, based on observationally inferred parameters for AGN disk coronae. One possibility to account for the observed nonthermal electrons is diffusive shock acceleration, as long as the gyrofactor η

g
does not exceed ∼106. These nonthermal electrons can generate gamma-rays via inverse Compton scattering of disk photons, which can appear in the MeV band, while those with energies above ∼100 MeV would be attenuated via internal γγ pair production. The integrated emission from all AGNs with thermal and nonthermal Comptonization can reproduce the observed cosmic background radiation in X-rays as well as gamma-rays up to ∼10 MeV. Furthermore, if protons are accelerated in the same conditions as electrons and η

g
 ∼ 30, our observationally motivated model is also able to account for the diffuse neutrino flux at energies below 100–300 TeV. The next generation of MeV gamma-ray and neutrino facilities can test these expectations by searching for signals from bright, nearby Seyfert galaxies such as NGC 4151 and IC 4329A.