bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Miradas oblicuas: infancias, paisajes y comunidades interrumpidas en el cine de Dominga Sotomayor
Authors: Veliz Mariano Sebastian , Alonso Mercedes , Staude Mariela
Published: January 2021

Dominga Sotomayor propone, en De jueves a domingo (2012), Mar (2014) y Tarde para morir joven (2018), exploraciones de la intimidad de una familia, una pareja y una comunidad. En estos acercamientos, la intimidad se configura en grados variables de tensión con el afuera y lo público. En estas oscilaciones se pone en evidencia una de las características más recurrentes y estudiadas del cine chileno contemporáneo: la conversión de la intimidad en el locus sobre el que se proyectan, de manera indirecta, los conflictos del pasado y el presente. Este artículo considera la forma en que el cine de Sotomayor se inscribe en el panorama actual del cine chileno y, a través de él, en su escenario socio político desde un análisis que atiende a tres problemáticas interrelacionadas: las formas narrativas y sensibles de representación, su articulación desde posiciones –narrativas, espaciales y sensoriales- juveniles y la construcción del paisaje en interacción entre entornos naturales y los sujetos y que los ocupan y circulan por ellos.
…y no se ha de ver más que la luz: Rodolfo Walsh y Cuba en los orígenes compartidos del testimonio latinoamericano y el Tercer Cine
Authors: Pedregal Alejandro
Published: January 2021

Este artículo explora, por medio de un análisis comparado de prácticas y discursos culturales, parte de la actividad literaria y militante de Rodolfo Walsh en relación con algunos de los aspectos más significativos en el surgimiento compartido entre el testimonio latinoamericano y el Tercer Cine. Para ello, el texto indaga en el papel jugado por las instituciones y publicaciones revolucionarias cubanas (Casa de las Américas e ICAIC; y revistas Casa de las Américas, Cine Cubano y Tricontinental) en la legitimación y difusión de estas propuestas literarias y cinematográficas. Esta política cultural formaba parte de un tipo de confluencia muy particular entre cultura y política, que se inscribía dentro de un proyecto revolucionario latinoamericanista y tercermundista. La posición cubana problematizó la cuestión del potencial revolucionario de las artes entre escritores, intelectuales y artistas, algo que alcanzaría un momento crítico con la percepción de agotamiento de ciertas formas de expresión y la trágica muerte del Che Guevara en 1967. Este contexto condujo, en definitiva, a las fuertes polémicas y propuestas radicales que darían pie a la aparición del testimonio y el Tercer Cine. Walsh, en diferentes grados, transitó esta experiencia, materializando tanto en su obra como en su experiencia militante las particularidades de toda una era cultural; una época de tal calado para Latinoamérica y el Tercer Mundo que acabaría por impactar también en el Primer Mundo.
Las frazadas en la memoria de la dictadura chilena: el caso de Jorge Montealegre
Authors: Scarabelli Laura
Published: January 2021

Como bien señala Pía Montalva (2013), las frazadas son los artefactos que mejor figuran la prisión política y sus ambigüedades: por un lado, encarnan las funciones básicas de la tecnología del poder en dictadura: quitan el habla y la vista, inmovilizan el cuerpo, borran la individualidad del rostro y del semblante, aíslan los individuos de su entorno, por otro contribuyen a restituir cierta normalidad en una situación excepcional como la del encierro y permiten aceptar la incerteza de la detención. 
En el testimonio de Jorge Montealegre (2003) sobre su estada forzada en el Estadio Nacional, escrito a treinta años del golpe militar, la frazada es un símbolo central, imagen matricial que acompaña la poderosa figuración de la experiencia en el lugar de cautiverio.
La presente investigación analizará la dinamización de la imagen de la frazada, a través de tres variaciones: 1. La frazada como expresión de la violencia 2.  La frazada como estímulo imaginativo 3. La frazada como resto.
Cosas, objetos, artefactos. Memorias materiales de la violencia en América Latina
Authors: Reati Fernando , Perassi Emilia
Published: January 2021

Presentación del dossier.
No participar. La idea de compromiso en la obra de arte de Theodor W. Adorno.
Authors: Flores Ledesma Antonio
Published: January 2021

Theodor W. Adorno ha sido criticado por sentir una especial inclinación hacia el «arte moderno» frente a las corriente de arte comprometido afines a los movimientos emancipatorios de izquierda. Sin embargo, el presente trabajo considera que el «compromiso de la obra de arte» (como algo que se da «en» la obra de arte) es consecuencia directa del pensamiento estético de Adorno. El contenido político de las obras de arte es inseparable de su forma y del modo en que se relacionan con el mundo social desde su autonomía. El resultado es la generación de un espacio político para el arte nunca explicitado por Adorno pero latente en toda su obra, que ayuda a comprender mejor el compromiso político del autor y el papel que otorgaba al arte en el proceso emancipatorio.
Imagen dialéctica: el lenguaje del arte en los inicios de la teoría crítica.
Authors: Sevilla Segura Sergio
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: El artículo muestra que la función de conocimiento que Benjamin descubre en los textos de obra literaria de Schlegel, y la teoría del conocimiento que elabora en la crítica, proporciona un modelo de saber para la filosofía crítica, que Adorno teoriza en términos post-hegelianos en las Tesis. Así, la configuración de las palabras que realiza la obra de arte es el acto de construcción de verdad que presenta “contenidos realmente existentes”. Así puede prescindir de la teoría de la “representación” y de la de “correspondencia” para caracterizar la verdad. El trabajo entiende el proceso de elaboración de la teoría de las imágenes dialécticas, que comparten Benjamin y Adorno, como modo actual de proceder la filosofía.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Dialéctica, Teoría Crítica, Constelación, Filosofía del lenguaje, Crítica estética
El desarrollo rural a partir de la gobernanza territorial en tiempos del coronavirus (Ocón, La Rioja, España) / / / \ \ \ Rural development from the territorial governance in times of the coronavirus (Ocón, La Rioja, Spain)
Authors: Llorente-Adán José Ángel , Ruíz-Tricio José Félix
Published: January 2021

Resumen: Con una tendencia demográfica descendente y una pérdida de servicios y de ofertas de consumo durante la segunda mitad del s XX, los pueblos de Ocón (La Rioja) presentaban las mismas características que la mayor parte de zonas rurales del interior peninsular. Durante las dos últimas décadas, Ocón ha conseguido revertir esta situación, con un desarrollo local muy activo y dinámico, como se ha dejado ver en la diversificación de su economía, en la revitalización de sus núcleos de población a través de la ejecución de multitud de proyectos e infraestructuras y en una mayor oferta de servicios, que poco a poco van cubriendo las demandas de la población. Demográficamente, presenta un elevado índice de envejecimiento y ha conseguido estabilizarse. La actual situación de crisis sanitaria vivida por el coronavirus ha hecho plantearse los modos y formas de vida de la población en general y al parecer se comienza a valorar mejor la calidad de vida que ofrecen los pueblos. De cómo se afronte esta situación depende que pueblos pequeños como Ocón pueden salir fortalecidos con una serie de líneas estratégicas que permitan una mejor conexión a Internet y afianzar un progreso sostenible.
 
Palabras clave: Desarrollo local, ordenación territorial, reto demográfico, virus COVID-19, sostenibilidad.
 
Abstract: This paper studies the declining demographic tendency and a loss of services and consumption offers during the second half of the XX century, the villages of Ocón (La Rioja, Spain) presented the same characteristics as most of the rural areas of the interior of the peninsula. Over the past two decades, Ocón has managed to reverse this situation, with a very active and dynamic local development, as it can been seen in the diversification of its economy, in the revitalization of its population centers through the execution of a multitude of projects and infrastructures and in a greater offer of services, which little by little are meeting the population’s demands. Demographically, it has a high aging index which has managed to stabilize. The current situation of health crisis caused by the coronavirus has made consider the ways of life of the population in general and it seems that a better appreciation of the quality of life offered by the villages is taking place. Depending on how this situation was dealt with, small towns like Ocón can emerge stronger if a series of strategy lines are carried out to consolidate a sustainable progress, solving the lack of the most urgent services such as the slow Internet connection, a key in the current development of society and teleworking.
 
Key words: Local development, land-use planning, demographic challenge, virus (COVID-19), sustainability.
Composición, funcionamiento y desafíos de la cadena de valor de la leche de vaca en Gonzanamá, Sur de Ecuador / / / \ \ \ Composition, operation, and challenges of the value chain of cow’s milk in Gonzanma, southern Ecuador
Authors: Ramón Jaramillo Lizeth Natali , Santiago Cruz María de Jesús , Bueno Aguilar Graciela Margarita
Published: January 2021

Resumen: La alta dependencia de los habitantes rurales de los ingresos provenientes de la venta de productos agrícolas, la heterogeneidad de los procesos productivos y la asignación permanente de recursos públicos y privados al sector primario han fortalecido las cadenas de valor. En este contexto, el objetivo principal de este artículo es identificar la composición, funcionamiento y desafíos de los agentes económicos en el proceso productivo generador de valor de la leche de vaca en el cantón Gonzanamá. Para ello, se aplicó y procesó información de 101 productores de leche y dos microempresarios, complementada con información secundaria derivada de instituciones gubernamentales y ONG. Se obtuvo una cadena de valor de la leche de vaca con seis encadenamientos productivos con su segmentación, características y desafíos. Se concluyó que la cadena agroalimentaria local y rural del cantón Gonzanamá se caracteriza por tener pequeños agricultores con sistemas de producción tradicionales y temporales, informalidad en el acopio de materias primas y productos transformados. microempresas con escasa materia prima, infraestructura, talento humano y oferta de productos poco diferenciados para el mercado de consumo. Los agentes indirectos sólo regulan la actividad agrícola y sus procesos de generación de valor.
 
Palabras clave: Cadena agroalimentaria, Leche, Bovino, Productos lácteos.
 
Abstract: The high dependence of rural inhabitants on income from the sale of agricultural products, the heterogeneity of production processes, and the permanent allocation of public and private resources to the primary sector have strengthened value chains. In this context, the article's main objective is to identify the composition, functioning, and challenges of economic agents in the production process that generates value for cow's milk in Gonzanamá canton. For that, information from 101 milk producers and two micro-entrepreneurs was applied and processed, supplemented with secondary information derived from government institutions and NGOs. We obtained a cow's milk value chain with six productive chains with their segmentation, features, and challenges. We concluded that Gonzanama's rural and local agri-food chain characterize by small farmers with traditional and temporary production systems, informality in the collection of raw materials, and transformed products. Micro-enterprises with scarce human talent, raw materials, infrastructure, and little differentiated products for the consumer market. Indirect agents only regulate agricultural activity and its value generation processes.
 
Key words: Agri-food chain, Milk, Cattle, Dairy products.
Reseña. Desarrollo, disputas socio-territoriales y violencia en México
Authors: Romero Santos Rosita Deny , Guadalupe Martín Juan José , Gutiérrez Ramírez Adriana , Uribe Cortez Jaime
Published: January 2021

Resumen. Esta reseña establece una descripción especializada de los aspectos más importantes del volumen que aquí se presenta, que se refiere a las diferentes aristas en que se puede analizar el fenómeno de la violencia en México, y las mismas disputas socio-territoriales, vinculadas a la idea de desarrollo regional. En este sentido, es que se hace una relación pormenorizada de los aspectos más escenciales de los apartados con sus capítulos a modo de tener un panorama general del volumen.
 
Palabras clave. Región, evolución, sociedad, comunidad, población.
Reseña. Dinámicas de Urbanización en ciudades medias interiores. ¿Hacia un urbanismo más urbano?
Authors: Tomé Fernández Sergio
Published: January 2021

Resumen: La obra “Dinámicas de Urbanización en ciudades medias interiores” analiza la evolución de los núcleos de categoría intermedia situados fuera de las regiones litorales, en lo que va de siglo, tratando de darles sentido en el contexto de sus relaciones territoriales, y valora el efecto que han tenido en ellas los procesos de difusión espacial.
 
Palabras clave: Territorio, Geografía Urbana, Análisis Regional, Red Urbana, Ciudad Difusa.
Reseña. Gentrificación. Capitalismo cool, turismo y control del espacio urbano
Authors: Benimeli Navarro Eugènia
Published: January 2021

Resumen: Gentrificación. En las últimas décadas, muchos de nosotros habremos oído hablar sobre la gentrificación de nuestros barrios y ciudades. Pero, ¿sabemos realmente qué es y cómo funciona? En ocasiones, tal vez demasiadas, el término de gentrificación se ha querido entender como un proceso en el que barrios prácticamente abandonados a su suerte son regenerados o revitalizados. Qué hay detrás de todo este proceso es en parte lo que nos presenta el autor de este libro, utilizando conceptos relacionados con la gentrificación como la turistificación, la industria cultural y la creatividad, políticas neoliberales, negocio inmobiliario, etc.
 
Palabras clave: gentrificación, estructura social, espacio urbano, ciudades, población, capitalismo, turismo, territorio, políticas territoriales.
Reseña. El poder de lo próximo: las virtudes del municipalismo
Authors: García-Mayoral Frauca Álvaro
Published: January 2021

Resumen: La obra del profesor Subirats realiza un amplio recorrido por el pasado, presente y futuro del municipalismo. Se trata de ofrecer una serie de reflexiones acerca de las problemáticas propias de las sociedades industriales y cómo han de resolverse en clave local. En un escenario de globalización, la lógica estado-mercado queda obsoleta y ciertos problemas deben ser abordados desde un enfoque municipal. Objeto de reflexión es de qué manera serán integradas en el terreno de lo local los elementos tecnológicos propios del siglo XXI. En definitiva, el libro ofrece un espacio de reflexión acerca de la convivencia dentro de los municipios y ciudades.
 
Palabras clave: municipalismo, local, urbanismo, cooperación.
Highly redundant neuropeptide volume co-transmission underlying episodic activation of the GnRH neuron dendron
Authors: Liu Xinhuai , Yeo Shel-Hwa , McQuillan H James , Herde Michel K , Hessler Sabine , Cheong Isaiah , Porteous Robert , Herbison Allan E
Published: January 2021

The necessity and functional significance of neurotransmitter co-transmission remains unclear. The glutamatergic ‘KNDy’ neurons co-express kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin and exhibit a highly stereotyped synchronized behavior that reads out to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron dendrons to drive episodic hormone secretion. Using expansion microscopy, we show that KNDy neurons make abundant close, non-synaptic appositions with the GnRH neuron dendron. Electrophysiology and confocal GCaMP6 imaging demonstrated that, despite all three neuropeptides being released from KNDy terminals, only kisspeptin was able to activate the GnRH neuron dendron. Mice with a selective deletion of kisspeptin from KNDy neurons failed to exhibit pulsatile hormone secretion but maintained synchronized episodic KNDy neuron behavior that is thought to depend on recurrent NKB and dynorphin transmission. This indicates that KNDy neurons drive episodic hormone secretion through highly redundant neuropeptide co-transmission orchestrated by differential post-synaptic neuropeptide receptor expression at the GnRH neuron dendron and KNDy neuron.
Climate-driven deoxygenation elevates fishing vulnerability for the ocean's widest ranging shark
Authors: Vedor Marisa , Queiroz Nuno , Mucientes Gonzalo , Couto Ana , Costa Ivo da , Santos António dos , Vandeperre Frederic , Fontes Jorge , Afonso Pedro , Rosa Rui , Humphries Nicolas E , Sims David W
Published: January 2021

Climate-driven expansions of ocean hypoxic zones are predicted to concentrate pelagic fish in oxygenated surface layers, but how expanding hypoxia and fisheries will interact to affect threatened pelagic sharks remains unknown. Here, analysis of satellite-tracked blue sharks and environmental modelling in the eastern tropical Atlantic oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) shows shark maximum dive depths decreased due to combined effects of decreasing dissolved oxygen (DO) at depth, high sea surface temperatures, and increased surface-layer net primary production. Multiple factors associated with climate-driven deoxygenation contributed to blue shark vertical habitat compression, potentially increasing their vulnerability to surface fisheries. Greater intensity of longline fishing effort occurred above the OMZ compared to adjacent waters. Higher shark catches were associated with strong DO gradients, suggesting potential aggregation along suitable DO gradients contributed to habitat compression and higher fishing-induced mortality. Fisheries controls to counteract deoxygenation effects on shark catches will be needed as oceans continue warming.
The two roles of complex III in plants
Authors: Braun Hans-Peter
Published: January 2021

Atomic structures of mitochondrial enzyme complexes in plants are shedding light on their multiple functions.
A three-dimensional approach to visualize pairwise morphological variation and its application to fragmentary palaeontological specimens
Authors: White Matt A. , Campione Nicolás E.
Published: January 2021

Classifying isolated vertebrate bones to a high level of taxonomic precision can be difficult. Many of Australia’s Cretaceous terrestrial vertebrate fossil-bearing deposits, for example, produce large numbers of isolated bones and very few associated or articulated skeletons. Identifying these often fragmentary remains beyond high-level taxonomic ranks, such as Ornithopoda or Theropoda, is difficult and those classified to lower taxonomic levels are often debated. The ever-increasing accessibility to 3D-based comparative techniques has allowed palaeontologists to undertake a variety of shape analyses, such as geometric morphometrics, that although powerful and often ideal, require the recognition of diagnostic landmarks and the generation of sufficiently large data sets to detect clusters and accurately describe major components of morphological variation. As a result, such approaches are often outside the scope of basic palaeontological research that aims to simply identify fragmentary specimens. Herein we present a workflow in which pairwise comparisons between fragmentary fossils and better known exemplars are digitally achieved through three-dimensional mapping of their surface profiles and the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. To showcase this methodology, we compared a fragmentary theropod ungual (NMV P186153) from Victoria, Australia, identified as a neovenatorid, with the manual unguals of the megaraptoranAustralovenator wintonensis(AODF604). We discovered that NMV P186153 was a near identical match to AODF604 manual ungual II-3, differing only in size, which, given their 10–15Ma age difference, suggests stasis in megaraptoran ungual morphology throughout this interval. Although useful, our approach is not free of subjectivity; care must be taken to eliminate the effects of broken and incomplete surfaces and identify the human errors incurred during scaling, such as through replication. Nevertheless, this approach will help to evaluate and identify fragmentary remains, adding a quantitative perspective to an otherwise qualitative endeavour.
Physical activity modulates mononuclear phagocytes in mammary tissue and inhibits tumor growth in mice
Authors: Lamkin Donald M. , Bradshaw Karen P. , Chang Janice , Epstein Ma’ayan , Gomberg Jack , Prajapati Krupa P. , Soliman Veronica H. , Sylviana Thezia , Wong Yinnie , Morizono Kouki , Sloan Erica K. , Cole Steve W.
Published: January 2021

The risk for breast cancer is significantly reduced in persons who engage in greater amounts of physical activity, and greater physical activity before or after diagnosis associates with reduced disease-specific mortality. Previous mechanistic studies indicate that components of innate immunity can mediate an inhibitory effect of physical activity on several types of tumor. However, in breast cancer specifically, the myeloid compartment of innate immunity is thought to exhibit high propensity for an immunosuppressive role that obstructs anti-tumor immunity. Thus, we tested the notion that greater physical activity alters mononuclear phagocytes in mammary tissue when inhibiting nascent tumor in a murine model of breast cancer. To model greater physical activity, we placed an angled running wheel in each mouse’s home cage for two weeks before tumor engraftment with EO771 mammary cancer cells that express luciferase for bioluminescent detection. Fully immunocompetent mice and mice with compromised adaptive immunity showed significantly less mammary tumor signal when given access to running wheels, although the effect size was smaller in this latter group. To investigate the role of the myeloid compartment, mononuclear phagocytes were ablated by systemic injection of clodronate liposomes at 24 h before tumor engraftment and again at the time of tumor engraftment, and this treatment reversed the inhibition in wheel running mice. However, clodronate also inhibited mammary tumor signal in sedentary mice, in conjunction with an expected decrease in gene and protein expression of the myeloid antigen, F4/80 (Adgre1), in mammary tissue. Whole transcriptome digital cytometry with CIBERSORTx was used to analyze myeloid cell populations in mammary tissue following voluntary wheel running and clodronate treatment, and this approach found significant changes in macrophage and monocyte populations. In exploratory analyses, whole transcriptome composite scores for monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (M-MDSC), macrophage lactate timer, and inflammation resolution gene expression programs were significantly altered. Altogether, the results support the hypothesis that physical activity inhibits nascent mammary tumor growth by enhancing the anti-tumor potential of mononuclear phagocytes in mammary tissue.
A Comparison and Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Standards Related to Unwanted Fire Alarms
Authors: Choi Han-Bit , Hwang Euy-Hong , Lee Sung-Eun , Choi Don-Mook
Published: January 2021

As unwanted fire alarms within the automatic fire detection system increase, fire-fighting power gets wasted. This is recognized as important because it causes a decrease in the evacuation reliability of the occupancy. Therefore, in order to develop measures to reduce unwanted fire alarms, foreign (United States and, United Kingdom) and domestic standards related to unwanted fire alarms were compared and analyzed in the present study. Through the analysis the problems with the standards were identified as uncertainty regarding the detecting space and radius of the smoke detector, the absence of a statistical database (DB) for unwanted fire alarms, the absence of a protocol for managing unwanted fire alarms, and the absence of testing standards for unwanted fire alarms based on scenarios. Consequently, it is proposed that to deal with the problems, it is necessary to ascertain the detecting space and radius of the smoke detector, to propose unwanted fire alarm protection codes for database (DB) system construction, to supplement the fire safety management log by developing related manuals, and to develop unwanted fire alarm testing standards of Korean type based on scenarios.
Mental Health Education Program Development for New Fire Officials
Authors: Hur Mira , Park Sungouk , Kim Hana
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to develop a Mental Health Education Program for new fire officials and to verify its effectiveness. The program was developed through a pilot study, needs analysis, model design, and content selection. It was conducted over three days with a total of seven sessions, with fifty new fire officials participating in the program. Stress, anxiety, and self-efficacy levels among new fire officials were examined before and after the program. The results indicated that stress and anxiety were meaningfully reduced after completing the program, and self-efficacy was improved. Interviews conducted with participants after program completion reported that relaxation training was usually used and the psychological support of colleagues who also attended the program had the effect of reducing job-related stress. This study makes a meaningful contribution through developing a program that reflects the characteristics of new fire officials. The program was developed using a scientific and systematic method through needs analysis.
Development of a Fire-Extinguishing Wallpaper Containing Microcapsules
Authors: Lee Sang-Sub , Kim Chang-Hong , Kim Min-Chul , Kim Jong-Sang
Published: January 2021

In this study, a wallpaper with fire-extinguishing properties was developed. This wallpaper is expected to increase the evacuation time and suppress the spread of flames in case of fire. It was confirmed that the fire-extinguishing time of an ordinary wallpaper can be increased from 2 to 5 min by incorporating micro-extinguishing capsules in the general water pool. After attaching microfire-extinguishing capsules in the form of a film on the back of the wallpaper, a burning test using a torch and 45° flame retardant digestion was performed, and the thermal properties of the adhesive film were verified based on the reaction start temperature, peak point, reaction end temperature, and weight reduction rate through thermogravimetric analysis.
Assessing the Suitability of Virtual Reality Content for Stress Reduction among Firefighters
Authors: Park Tae-Hee , Lee Ji-Hyang , Kim Su-Young
Published: January 2021

As disaster sites diversify, the need for firefighting is steadily increasing. The stress and anxiety experienced by firefighters at work can cause lack of sleep and chronic fatigue. Firefighters are at risk of suffering from post-traumatic stress disorders due to the physical and mental injuries experienced at disaster sites; accordingly, fire departments within each province have set up mental and physical stability rooms to support primary recovery. However, due to lack of scientific effect verification and low utilization rate, these rooms are currently used for purposes other than their intended use. Virtual reality (VR) has recently been used as an intervention for stress reduction and treatment of depression. In order to examine the effectiveness of VR content, a mobile mental and physical stability room was constructed and operated on 124 firefighters. The results of the qualitative analysis showed an effect on stress, but the quantitative analysis revealed no significant difference.
Development of Flame Spread Prevention Systems for Combustible Composite Panels Using Water Screen Technology
Authors: Park Byoung-Jik , Yoo Yong-Ho , Kim Yangkyun , Park Jin-Ouk , Kim Hwi-Seong
Published: January 2021

Composite panels are designed to be fabricated by adding Styrofoam, glass wool, and urethane into steel plates before integration with adhesive materials. As these panels exhibit good workability, cost efficiency, and heat insulation performance, they are widely used as building materials for plant or storage facilities. However, fire safety still needs to be addressed, because these panels can potentially cause large fires. As firewater cannot easily penetrate the material inside the panel, extinguishing any fires caused is difficult. Furthermore, the imperfect combustion of the core material tends to generate a large volume of toxic gas, resulting in serious damage to human life. In addition, the high risk of collapse makes fire-fighting activities more difficult. Flame spread prevention systems optimized for composite panels have been developed for more effective fire suppression based on accumulative research outcomes obtained thus far. Related test methods were reviewed before successfully demonstrating the performance of the developed systems. The existing composite panel structure—wherein the developed system was not applied-burned out after 5 min; however, when the developed system was applied to the composite panels, the structure was covered in soot after 15 min. The structure was designed by applying the developed system to a virtual factory building, and the construction standard was reviewed.
Disaster Preparedness Training Analysis based on Survey
Authors: Lee Sung-kgun , Ko Gyeong-seok , Song Sung-wook , Kang Kyeong-won
Published: January 2021

In this thesis, a questionnaire was conducted with fire service, administrative, and police officials, as well as academic and front-line medical institutions, participating in disaster preparedness drills in a local community. The questionnaire assessed the quality of disaster preparedness training that is still to be implemented in Korea. In addition, the appropriateness of each element of training was assessed with a suitable question, and the opinions of respondents were analyzed. Results indicated that respondents gave a relatively generous evaluation of their own fields or a relatively low evaluation of the group that was most active in training, etc. It was confirmed that differences in perception were determined by relative differences among the groups surveyed. In the future, detailed follow-up studies on items that revealed differences in perceptions should be used to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of disaster preparedness training.
Prediction and Evaluation of Emergency Broadcasting Sound and Speech Intelligibility for Safety Zones in High-rise Buildings
Authors: Jeong Jeong-Ho
Published: January 2021

As construction of high-rise buildings is increasing, the installation of a fire safety zone for the safe evacuation of residents has become mandatory. Even for building complexes with an underground connection between 30 and 49 stories, a fire safety zone must be installed when the residential density exceeds 1.5 people per square meter. In the fire safety zone, an automatic fire detection system and a system to assist radio communication must be installed. In addition, an emergency broadcasting system must be installed to announce the fire situation and to guide the safe evacuation of the residents. The fire safety zone was constructed with non-combustible material to minimize flames or smoke and was furnished to maintain a very low fire load. However, non-combustible materials have very low sound absorption characteristics; therefore, they usually reflect the sound energy into the spaces. In spaces consisting of sound reflective materials, the emergency broadcasting sounds reverberated, making it difficult to understand the meaning of the broadcasted sound. In this study, the room acoustics characteristics for fire safety zones in a high-rise building, represented as reverberation time and speech transmission index, were predicted using a certified room acoustics simulation method and evaluation of speech intelligibility. As a result of predicting the acoustic characteristics of the safety zone, it was found that the space had quite long reverberation and speech intelligibility was low, making it difficult to clearly transmit the emergency broadcast sound. When a safety zone was set up in a part of the machinery room, it was confirmed that it was difficult to clearly transmit the emergency broadcast sound, even when the background noise level was louder than 70 dB(A). To deliver a clear emergency broadcast sound in the safety zone, it is necessary to use inorganic sound-absorbing materials and to properly block noise in the machine room. In addition, it is necessary to establish guidelines for regulation of the speech transmission index for emergency broadcasting systems.
Characteristics of Thermal Runaway Generation of Pouch-type Lithium-ion Batteries by Overcharging
Authors: Park Moon-Woo , Jang Woo-Bin , Hong Sung-Ho , Choi Don-Mook
Published: January 2021

This study analyzes thermal runaway (TR) characteristics via experiments conducted on lithium-ion batteries. To generate the TR of lithium-ion batteries, overcharge was applied as an electrical abuse condition. The TR experiment was conducted in a chamber with the dimensions of 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 m by classifying the capacity of a pouch-type lithium-ion battery and cathode material employed. The experimental results demonstrated that the lithium-ion battery before TR exhibited repetitive voltage and temperature characteristics, and that TR could be detected in advance based on these characteristics. TR occurred after the cell surface temperature of the lithium ion battery was maintained at approximately 100 ℃ for a certain duration. The voltage of the lithium-ion battery gradually increased before TR; however, the voltage decreased after the inflection point (Vmax) was crossed. Then, the voltage increased sharply after decreasing for a certain duration and was higher than the voltage increase rate (V/min) observed before the inflection point (Vmax) was attained.
A Study on the Efficiency of Fire Service Organization Operations by Nationalization of Fire Officers
Authors: Park Chang-Soon
Published: January 2021

This study aims to investigate the interrelationship between the efficiency factors and the fire service organization’s level of operation through an empirical survey on the organization’s efficiency after nationalization. The results of this study showed that significant variables (p < .05) affecting the perception of efficiency for the fire service organization’s operation were organizational structure and function, organizational system, recruitment, promotion, professional education and research, job classification, operation law and system, personal work environment, and internal work environment factors. The regression analysis results showed that the most influential factors on the efficiency level were the central fire service organization and internal environment factors. Based on the analysis, the following improvement measures were derived. The improvement of structure and function of the central and local fire service organizations; the unification of the organization and command system of the fire service organizations; the improvement of the efficiency level of the fire service organization operation by Specialization Fire Officers; the law･system and environmental conditions.
Correlation between the Findings of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Shoulder and Shoulder Arthroscopy
Authors: Ringshawl Zubair Younis , Bhat Ajaz Ahmad , Bashir Zahid , Farooq Munir , Wani Mubashir Maqbool
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Shoulder pain is a significant cause of decreased functional activity of an individual. The overall prevalence of shoulder pain is 16-26%, which makes it the third most common cause among musculoskeletal complaints. The cause of pain in the shoulder is often difficult to evaluate, and diagnosis is usually ambiguous because physical findings are poorly reproducible. The diagnosis therefore, requires multiple imaging modalities. Therapeutic arthroscopy is “the current gold standard” for diagnosing shoulder pathologies, however the procedure is invasive, needs hospitalisation and anaesthesia. Aim: To correlate the findings of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) shoulder with the findings of shoulder arthroscopy and subsequently determine sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI in diagnosing shoulder pathologies. Materials and Methods: Forty two patients suffering from chronic shoulder pain for a period of more than six weeks, having symptoms of instability, clinical signs of tear or impingement, or functional limitation of the affected shoulder were included in this study. The patients included were in the age group of 18-80 years. Subsequently, MRI followed by arthroscopy of the shoulder was done and the findings of MRI were compared to that of arthroscopy using kappa statistics. Results: In this study along with rotator cuff tear (26 patients), subacromial bursitis (26 patients), was the other most common shoulder pathology. The sensitivity of MRI in detecting shoulder pathologies varied from poor (0.28) for Superior Labrum Anterior Posterior (SLAP) lesion to very good (0.88) for Bankart’s tear and (0.8) for synovial chondromatosis to excellent for rotator cuff tears (0.92). Although sensitivity of MRI was variable for different shoulder pathologies, specificity was comparatively high in detecting all of the above shoulder pathologies. The accuracy of MRI was highest (0.95) in diagnosing synovial chondromatosis, followed by bankart’s lesion (0.92), and rotator cuff tear (0.88). Conclusion: MRI is a very useful and effective tool in diagnosing various shoulder pathologies with exception of SLAP tears where its sensitivity diminishes significantly.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Cerebral Microbleeds: A Comparative Analysis of Susceptibility Weighted Imaging and T2 Gradient Recalled Echo Sequences
Authors: Juneja Abhinav , Azad Rajiv , Malhotra Ankur
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Cerebral Microbleeds (CMBs) are increasingly recognised as an important predictor of small vessel disease and cannot be detected on routine Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences. Aim: CMBs on MRI and to compare the sensitivity of Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) and T2* Gradient Recalled Echo (GRE) sequences in detection of these microbleeds. Also, to evaluate association between topography (size, number and location) of CMBs and various risk factors. Materials and Methods: This Prospective Observational analytical study comprised of 67 patients with CMBs who were evaluated with Siemens 1.5 Tesla MRI machine. T2*-weighted GRE sequence and SWI were taken in all the patients in addition to routine MRI sequences. Two observers blinded to clinical information, independently interpreted the T2*GRE and SWI sequences. Both observers recorded the topographical details of CMBs which included presence, number, size and location and their association with various risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking and hyperlipidemia). Inter-rater agreement for the number of CMBs on SWI and T2*GRE was calculated using Cohen’s Kappa (κ) as measure of agreement. Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for reliability index in test-retest, intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was also analysed. The intra-rater reliabilities of each rater were compared. The correlations between CMBs and risk factors was performed with Pearson’s correlation Coefficient (r). The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The SWI with its Reverse Phase (RP) detected more number of CMBs as compared to T2*GRE. Majority of the subjects (71.6%) had more than five CMBs. CMBs ≥5 mm had a strong correlation with both hypertension and diabetes as compared to CMBs <5 mm. There was a higher frequency of patients with lobar CMBs (89.6%) followed by the deep location (70.1%). An almost perfect agreement was found between both observers for number of CMBs on RP SWI with ‘κ’ value of 0.97a (0.96-0.98) in contrast to a weak agreement on RP T2*GRE with κ=0.52a (0.40-0.64). For SWI, an almost perfect reliability was found (ICC=0.998) as compared to a moderate reliability on T2*GRE (ICC=0.6826). An excellent reliability was seen for size of CMBs <5 mm on RP SWI (ICC 0.998). Conclusion: SWI offered greater reliability and sensitivity for CMB detection as compared to the T2*GRE sequence and is presently the gold standard sequence of MRI for quantifying CMBs. The burden of CMBs may further indicate inappropriately treated hypertension and diabetes.
COVID-19: How the Radiology Department Should Combat this Global Pandemic
Authors: Modi Tanvi , Verma Mitusha , Ahuja Gauri , Patkar Deepak
Published: January 2021

The impact of the global pandemic due to novel Coronavirus Disease (nCOVID-19) has been braced by all medical subspecialties, including the radiology department. As Computerised Tomography (CT) of the chest as well as radiographs gain more and more importance in diagnosing, following up and prognosticating this respiratory infection, it becomes essential to have set protocols in place regarding imaging, disinfection and departmental workflow to ensure smooth functioning and protection of patients and health care workers. We have formulated the “AMMO” protocol as a guide to smooth functioning of the radiology department, which enumerates the steps to be taken for organisation of patient workload, organising equipment, disinfection protocols, maintaining the health and safety of radiology healthcare workers along with timely and accurate reporting. By combining the established guidelines and the knowledge gained from our experience at a dedicated COVID-19 hospital, this article aims to provide a reference in the management of radiology departments during this pandemic.
Role of Non invasive Imaging in Characterisation of Soft Tissue Vascular Anomalies: Comparison of Ultrasound with Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Lakhera Devkant , Sarda Prashant , Waikhom Premila Devi , Bhuyan Dipu , Duara Bijit Kumar
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Soft tissue vascular anomalies present a diagnostic challenge. In these anomalies, imaging is crucial for therapeutic planning and improvement of prognosis. Ultrasound (US) and Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CEMRI) are both widely utilised and are valuable imaging modalities, both having distinct advantages and limitations in evaluation of such lesions. Aim: To evaluate soft tissue vascular anomalies using US and CEMRI and assess their agreement in characterisation of these lesions. Materials and Methods: The prospective study included 75 patients with vascular anomalies evaluated by means of US and CEMRI: 71 underwent both US and MRI, three underwent US alone, and one patient underwent MRI alone. Patients of all ages were included. Lesions were characterised based on imaging findings and vascular perfusion characteristics. Histopathological evaluation was done in all patients. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used for differentiating data. The agreement of US and CEMRI with histopathological diagnosis were assessed using kappa statistics. Results: Among the soft tissue vascular anomalies, 17 were haemangiomas, 55 were vascular malformations and 3 were other vascular tumours. Majority of the lesions were venous malformations (n=26; 34.66%). A cut-off value of 17.5 cm/sec of peak venous velocity using Colour Doppler showed 100% sensitivity in differentiating Arterio-Venous Malformations (AVM) from haemangiomas using ROC curves. Agreement expressed as kappa was 0.884 (95% CI 0.794-0.973) for US and 0.923 (95% CI 0.850-0.996) for CEMRI demonstrating near perfect agreement with histopathology in both. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that both US and CEMRI are accurate in detection and characterisation of soft tissue vascular anomalies showing comparable level of agreement. US may be the preferred imaging modality as it is widely available, relatively inexpensive and non invasive. Contrast enhanced MRI may be reserved as a complementary technique in cases wherein lesion categorisation or extent is ambiguous during diagnosis.
Causation of Saddleback Deformities in The Yellowfin Bream Acanthopagrus australis Fishery: Evidence of Physical Injury
Authors: Pollock Barry
Published: January 2021

The yellowfin bream A. australis supports an important commercial net and angling fishery on the east coast of Australia. Saddleback, a deformity of the dorsal fin and profile, occurs in this species, with the occurrence of fish with saddleback being as high as 10% in some areas. The present study provides new information and analysis of causation of the saddleback deformity in the yellowfin bream fishery. Lateral line scale regeneration due to injury, and soft tissue abnormalities indicative of deep wounding are present in yellowfin bream with saddleback. X-ray images of the entire skeleton of specimens with saddleback were also examined. An unpublished government report on chemical residues in saddleback and normal yellowfin bream is appended and discussed. The absence of both chemical residues, and lack of other skeletal deformities in yellowfin bream with saddleback provide indirect evidence of physical injury as the cause of saddleback in this case. The role of discarding of meshed yellowfin bream, which are smaller than the legal minimum size, as causation of the saddleback deformity is evaluated.
Terminalia arjuna Leaf Gall: The Possible Treatment for Sickle Cell Anaemia
Authors: Singh Ankita , Lodha Payal , Sharma Archna
Published: January 2021

Objective: To check the presence of various secondary metabolites produced in the plant under study Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight and Arn. post insect attack and gall formation.

Study Design: Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight and Arn, a well known plant involved in treating heart ailments in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for centuries. The plant’s astringent bark exhibits cardioprotective properties and is commonly used in the treatment of hypertension, angina and coronary artery disease. T. arjuna plant suffers from gall development in its leaves due to the attack of an hemipteran insect Trioza fletcheri minor. Insect attack acts as a stress stimulus for the plant to produce various bio-active compounds as a part of their defence mechanism. The present study was intended for the identification of various compounds present in the crude extract obtained from the healthy and galled leaves of Terminalia arjuna.

Place and Duration of Study: Experiments performed in the Plant pathology and tissue culture laboratory, Department of Botany University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, between April 2018 to March 2019.

Methodology: Various methods are employed for the identification of possible bio-active compounds present in the plant crude extract, GC-MS (Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy) is one such method. To check the presence of phytochemicals produced post insect attack and infection in T. arjuna normal and galled leaves, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) of the methanolic extract was conducted. The normal healthy leaves and the galled leaves were collected, shade dried, pulverized and then soxhlet extracted for GC-MS analysis.

Results: GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna leaves and galls confess the presence of 57 compounds in the gall extract while 21 compounds in normal (uninfected) leaf extract. The gall extract revealed the presence of various novel and medicinally important bio-active compounds, one of them was 5-Hydroxy Methyl Furfural (5-HMF). 

Conclusion: 5-HMF, an aromatic aldehyde is an economically important chemical compound and well-known for its wide application in various fields. It is an efficient anti-sickling agent and has undergone pre-clinical testing as a potential treatment for the fatal sickle cell disease. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various bio-active compounds both in leaf and gall methanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna, thus proving the plant’s pharmaceutical importance. This study result will make a way for further research in plant’s pharmacological research.