bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault location and rupture kinematics of the magnitude 6.8, 1992 Erzincan earthquake, Turkey, from strong ground motion and regional records
Authors: Bernard Pascal , Gariel Jean-Christophe , Dorbath Louis
Published: September 2021

The hypocenter location of the 13 March 1992, M = 6.9 Erzincan earthquake (Turkey) and its rupture kinematics have been studied using local and regional seismic records to understand its relationship with the tectonic activity of the Erzincan basin and of the North Anatolian fault (NAF). Regional records of the mainshock and the largest aftershocks were used to locate the respective epicenters. The mainshock S-P travel time delay and the P-wave polarization of the near-source accelerogram record in Erzincan (ERZ), calibrated by the aftershock records, constrain the mainshock hypocenter to be located about 10 km to the east-southeast of Erzincan, 39°42.3 N, 39°35.2 E, and at a best-fit depth of about 9 km. The activated fault is a major branch of the NAF along the eastern edge of the basin. Hypocentral depths greater than about 16 km are not supported by the data. The ground velocity record at ERZ has been synthesized for constraining the northwestward rupture, assuming a kinematic model with constant slip and rupture velocity, and a strike 125°, for a large number of models. The latter were constructed by varying the rupture parameters in a discrete domain. The best-fit fault models are located within 1 km of the epicenter above and have all their northwestern end within 5 km of ERZ. The up-dip limit of the rupture in the vicinity of ERZ ranges from 5 to 2 km in depth, in agreement with the absence of surface breakage. The estimated rupture velocity is 3 km/sec; the rise time is 0.35 sec; and the mean slip of about 1 m is poorly resolved, with a standard uncertainty of 0.5 m, being strongly sensitive to the rupture velocity and to the fault location. Combining these results with the seismic moment and the source duration provided by other studies leads to a total rupture length ranging between 20 and 35 km. The rupture thus propagated bilaterally on the NAF and was confined within the limits of the basin, stopping to the southeast near the intersection of the NAF with the Ovaçik fault.
Far-field pulse shapes from circular sources with variable rupture velocities
Authors: Deichmann Nicholas
Published: September 2021

Recently, Sato (1994) developed a simple earthquake source model of a circular rupture expanding outward from the center of a fault with constant stress drop. In contrast to previous models, the rupture velocity is allowed to vary over the duration of faulting. This model is used to synthesize apparent moment-rate functions for a three-stage source process: first, the rupture starts out with a gradually increasing velocity, then, it continues to expand uniformly until, finally, it slows to a gradual stop. Synthetic velocity seismograms are obtained from a convolution of the apparent moment-rate functions with a causal Q-operator and an appropriate instrument response. Comparisons with an example of an earthquake signal show that, in the context of the proposed model, the observed emergent P-wave onset, which is not compatible with a constant rupture velocity, can be explained by a gradually accelerating rupture front. Systematic departures from the generally expected scaling relationship between seismic moment and rupture duration are often interpreted as evidence for a dependence of stress drop on seismic moment. However, the trade-off between stress drop and rupture velocity inherent in all kinematic source models implies that such deviations can just as well be attributed to systematic variations of rupture velocity. Whereas, in general, the total duration of the far-field displacement pulse is shorter for P waves than for S waves, the model predicts that the rise time, τ1/2, of the displacement pulse should be longer for P waves than for S waves. This feature could constitute a critical test of the model and also provide a constraint on the rupture velocity.
A comparison of select trigger algorithms for automated global seismic phase and event detection
Authors: Withers Mitchell , Aster Richard , Young Christopher , Beiriger Judy , Harris Mark , Moore Susan , Trujillo Julian
Published: September 2021

Digital algorithms for robust detection of phase arrivals in the presence of stationary and nonstationary noise have a long history in seismology and have been exploited primarily to reduce the amount of data recorded by data logging systems to manageable levels. In the present era of inexpensive digital storage, however, such algorithms are increasingly being used to flag signal segments in continuously recorded digital data streams for subsequent processing by automatic and/or expert interpretation systems. In the course of our development of an automated, near-real-time, waveform correlation event-detection and location system (WCEDS), we have surveyed the abilities of such algorithms to enhance seismic phase arrivals in teleseismic data streams. Specifically, we have considered envelopes generated by energy transient (STA/LTA), Z-statistic, frequency transient, and polarization algorithms. The WCEDS system requires a set of input data streams that have a smooth, low-amplitude response to background noise and seismic coda and that contain peaks at times corresponding to phase arrivals. The algorithm used to generate these input streams from raw seismograms must perform well under a wide range of source, path, receiver, and noise scenarios. Present computational capabilities allow the application of considerably more robust algorithms than have been historically used in real time. However, highly complex calculations can still be computationally prohibitive for current workstations when the number of data streams become large. While no algorithm was clearly optimal under all source, receiver, path, and noise conditions tested, an STA/LTA algorithm incorporating adaptive window lengths controlled by nonstationary seismogram spectral characteristics was found to provide an output that best met the requirements of a global correlation-based event-detection and location system.
Determination of Δσ andκ0 from response spectra of large earthquakes in Greece
Authors: Margaris Basil N. , Boore David M.
Published: September 2021

We fit an ω−2 model to response spectra from eight recent Greek earthquakes ranging in size from M = 5.8 to M = 6.9. The diminution parameter κ0 was determined for each site, with a value near 0.06 for a typical soil site. The stress parameter (Δσ) showed little variation from earthquake to earthquake and had a mean value of 56 bars over all earthquakes. Predictions of peak velocity, peak acceleration, rupture duration, and fault length using the derived stress parameters are consistent with observations. Frequency-dependent site amplifications were included in all estimates; the combined effect of amplification and attenuation had a maximum value close to a factor of 2.5 for a typical soil site, relative to the motions at the surface of a perfectly elastic uniform half-space composed of materials near the source. The results form the foundation for predictions of strong motions in Greece for distances and magnitudes other than those for which data are available.
Source model of the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu earthquake and simulation of near-source ground motion
Authors: Kamae Katsuhiro , Irikura Kojiro
Published: September 2021

The 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu earthquake struck the heavily populated Kobe and adjacent cities in western Japan. More than 6400 people were killed, and more than 150,000 buildings were destroyed. The characteristics of mainshock ground motions in the heavily damaged area are needed to understand how buildings and bridges performed and why they reached failure. Unfortunately, very few strong ground motions were recorded in the heavily damaged area during the mainshock. In this study, we attempt to estimate mainshock ground motions by using the empirical Green's function method (EGF method). First, we assume an initial source model with the asperities based on the rupture process obtained by inversion of strong-ground-motion records. For simplicity, we consider each asperity as a subevent with uniform stress drop in a finite extent. Then, the initial model was improved by matching the synthetic and observed ground motions using a trial-and-error procedure. The final model consists of three subevents: subevent 1 with stress drop of 163 bars, under the Akashi Strait around the rupture starting point; subevent 2 with stress drop of 86 bars, under the Nojima Fault in Awaji Island; and subevent 3 with stress drop of 86 bars, under Kobe. Finally, we estimate strong ground motions using aftershock records at sites where the mainshock was not recorded. The near-source motions in Kobe synthesized with the best-fit model are characterized by two large pulses with a duration of 1 to 3 sec. The pulses are caused by forward rupture directivity effects from subevents 1 and 3. Peak horizontal acceleration and velocity of the synthesized motions at the heavily damaged sites are about 1000 cm/sec2 and 130 cm/sec, respectively, while those at a rock site in the near-source region are about 300 cm/sec2 and 60 cm/sec.
Predictions of shear-wave velocities in southern California using surface geology
Authors: Park Stephen , Elrick Scott
Published: September 2021

A new model of the average shear-wave velocity in the uppermost 30 m has been generated by extrapolation of discrete velocity profiles using surface geology at several scales. Statistical methods have been applied to create a map that is no more complicated than is supported by the velocity data; several geologic units with similar responses are grouped together. The resulting map is simpler than previous ones and yet fits the observed velocity profiles better than earlier, more complicated maps. Analysis within a geographic information system will permit updates and modification of the map as new velocity data are added.
Discriminating ripple-fired explosions with high-frequency (> 16 Hz) data
Authors: Carr Dorthe B. , Garbin H. Douglas
Published: September 2021

Most ripple-fired explosions have a unique signature in the spectrum that can be used to quickly identify them when monitoring the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. We want to know the importance of high-frequency (> 16 Hz) seismic data in identifying these explosions. The deployable seismic verification system (DSVS) in Wyoming records data up to 50 Hz with good signal to noise, so it is an excellent source for determining the benefits of recording data over 16 Hz. We developed a database of 118 known earthquakes and 176 known ripple-fired explosions. We calculated a binary spectrogram and an average binary spectrum for each event and developed criteria based on the number of peaks and nulls above certain thresholds to classify events as ripple-fired explosions. Using data at frequencies up to 50 Hz, 50% of the known ripple-fired explosions were correctly identified, and another 22% had banding in the spectrogram but did not meet the established criteria. The other 27% of the known ripple-fired explosions had no banding. To test the importance of high-frequency (> 16 Hz) data, we recalculated spectrograms between 0 and 16 Hz for the 135 known ripple-fired explosions and earthquakes that had banding. Eleven of the 135 could not be identified correctly if data over 16 Hz was excluded; 5 had information at frequencies over 16 Hz that was critical to seeing any banding. But the vast majority of events were correctly identified in the pass band of 0 to 16 Hz, suggesting that higher-frequency data do not significantly help to identify most ripple-fired explosions in Wyoming.
Global CMT analysis of moderate earthquakes,Mw≧ 4.5, using intermediate-period surface waves
Authors: Arvidsson Ronald , Ekström Göran
Published: September 2021

A new method for calculating centroid moment tensor (CMT) solutions for moderate-sized earthquakes is presented and tested. In the new algorithm, which is a modification to the standard Harvard CMT method, intermediate-period surface waves are included in the inversion for source parameters. The dispersion of teleseismic surface waves in the period range 40 to 150 sec is predicted by interpolation of recent global phase velocity maps. The method is tested on a set of 20 moderate and large (5.2 ≦ Mw ≦ 7.2) earthquakes with known mechanisms. The retrieved mechanisms are similar to the previous results, even when noise is added to the seismograms to simulate earthquakes of a smaller magnitude (Mw ∼ 4.5). The inversion algorithm is applied to the 1993 Klamath Falls mainshock and aftershock sequence, and the results compare well with earlier results. A catalog of Mw ≧ 4.5 focal mechanisms for Greece and surrounding areas for the first six months of 1995 is derived using the new method of analysis.
Magnitude of nonlinear sediment response in Los Angeles basin during the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake
Authors: Beresnev Igor A. , Field Edward H. , Van Den Abeele Koen , Johnson Paul A.
Published: September 2021

The study of nonlinear site response has practical difficulties due to large ambiguities in isolating local response from other competing effects. We chose a sedimentary site LF6 in Los Angeles basin that (1) has the closest reference rock sites available, compared to other stations, allowing an accurate estimation of local amplification, and (2) illustrates clear resonance in the near surface. In our opinion, this case represents the least ambiguity in the identification of possible nonlinearity. The site responses during the Northridge, the 1987 Whittier Narrows events and the Northridge aftershocks are compared. The station shows a fundamental resonance-frequency change between the higher- and lower-amplitude motions in the entire ensemble of 17 events used. The net shear-modulus reduction during the Northridge event is a factor of 1.3 to 1.4 compared to the Whittier Narrows event and is a factor of 1.7 compared to the aftershocks. This result provides guidance of what to expect at other sites in the basin, where the nonlinear response is less easy to characterize.
Implications of a composite source model and seismic-wave attenuation for the observed simplicity of small earthquakes and reported duration of earthquake initiation phase
Authors: Singh S. K. , Ordaz M. , Mikumo T. , Pacheco J. , Valdés C. , Mandal P.
Published: September 2021

An examination of P waves recorded on near-source, velocity seismograms generally shows that most small earthquakes (Mw < 2 to 3) are simple. On the other hand, larger earthquakes (Mw ≧ 4) are most often complex. The simplicity of the seismograms of Mw < 2 to 3 events may reflect the simplicity of the source (and, hence, may imply that smaller and larger earthquakes are not self-similar) or may be a consequence of attenuation of seismic waves. To test whether the attenuation is the cause, we generated synthetic P-wave seismograms from a composite circular source model in which subevent rupture areas are assumed to follow a power-law distribution. The rupture of an event is assumed to initiate at a random point on the fault and to propagate with a uniform speed. As the rupture front reaches the center of a subevent patch (all of which are circular), a P pulse is radiated that is calculated from the kinematic source model of Sato and Hirasawa (1973). Synthetic P-wave seismograms, which are all complex, are then convolved with an attenuation operator for different values of t*. The results show that the observed simplicity of small events (Mw < 2 to 3) may be entirely explained by attenuation if t* ≧ 0.02 sec.

The composite source model predicts that the average time delay between the initiation of the rupture and the rupture of the largest patch, τ, scales as M01/3, such that log τ = (1/3) log M0 − 8.462. This relation is very similar to that reported by Umeda et al. (1996) between M0 and the observed time difference between the initiation of the rupture and the rupture of the “bright spot.” It roughly agrees with the relation between M0 and the duration of the initiation phase reported by Ellsworth and Beroza (1995) and Beroza and Ellsworth (1996). The relation also fits surprisingly well the data on duration of slow initial phase, tsip, and M0, reported by Iio (1995). One possible explanation of this agreement may be that the composite source model, which is essentially the “cascade” model, successfully captures the evolution of the earthquake source process and that the rupture initiation and the abrupt increase in the velocity amplitude observed on seismograms by previous researchers roughly corresponds to the rupture of the first subevent and the breaking of the largest subevent in the composite source model.
Modeling dynamic rupture in a 3D earthquake fault model
Authors: Madariaga R. , Olsen K. , Archuleta R.
Published: September 2021

We propose a fourth-order staggered-grid finite-difference method to study dynamic faulting in three dimensions. The method uses an implementation of the boundary conditions on the fault that allows the use of general friction models including slip weakening and rate dependence. Because the staggered-grid method defines stresses and particle velocities at different grid points, we preserve symmetry by implementing a two-grid-row “thick” fault zone. Slip is computed between points located at the borders of the fault zone, while the two components of shear traction on the fault are forced to be symmetric inside the fault zone. We study the properties of the numerical method comparing our simulations with well-known properties of seismic ruptures in 3D. Among the properties that are well modeled by our method are full elastic-wave interactions, frictional instability, rupture initiation from a finite initial patch, spontaneous rupture growth at subsonic and supersonic speeds, as well as healing by either stopping phases or rate-dependent friction. We use this method for simulating spontaneous rupture propagation along an arbitrarily loaded planar fault starting from a localized asperity on circular and rectangular faults. The shape of the rupture front is close to elliptical and is systematically elongated in the inplane direction of traction drop. This elongation is due to the presence of a strong shear stress peak that moves ahead of the rupture in the in-plane direction. At high initial stresses the rupture front becomes unstable and jumps to super-shear speeds in the direction of in-plane shear. Another interesting effect is the development of relatively narrow rupture fronts due to the presence of rate-weakening friction. The solutions for the “thick fault” boundary conditions scale with the slip-weakening distance (D0) and are stable and reproducible for D0 greater than about 4 in terms of 2Tu/μ × Δx. Finally, a comparison of scalar and vector boundary conditions for the friction shows that slip is dominant along the direction of the prestress, with the largest deviations in slip-rate direction occurring near the rupture front and the edges of the fault.
3D simulation of near-field strong ground motion based on dynamic modeling
Authors: Inoue Tomohiro , Miyatake Takashi
Published: September 2021

We simulate the strong ground motion generated from the earthquake rupture process on a shallow strike-slip fault using a 3D finite-difference method. The faulting process is modeled using a crack model with fixed rupture velocity. The variability of peak ground velocity patterns, correlated with fault location and source parameters such as stress drop or rupture velocity, is investigated. Our findings suggest that these patterns are strongly affected by rupture directivity and the uppermost depth of the fault or that of the asperity. When a fault breaks the ground surface, the peak ground velocity and the peak ground acceleration show a narrow region of strong motion. When a fault is buried under the ground, the high peak ground velocity zone of the fault-parallel component is apart from the fault trace by a distance comparable to the fault depth. On the other hand, the fault-normal peak ground velocity is a maximum along the fault trace. The fault length (or asperity length) is not so effective for peak ground velocities. The effect of heterogeneity in stress drop and rupture velocity on strong ground motion is also investigated. When stress drop is not uniform but increases linearly with depth from zero at the uppermost depth, the peak ground velocity is reduced. These results help better predict the strong ground motion generated from a potential fault.
Far-field radiated energy scaling in elastodynamic earthquake fault models
Authors: Shaw Bruce E.
Published: September 2021

Measurements of the far-field radiated energy in very simple elastodynamic fault models is presented, and the scaling of the radiated energy with moment and rupture length is examined. The models produce a complex sequence of events having a wide range of sizes as a result of a frictional-weakening instability. Thus, radiated energy from a broad range of sizes of events can be measured. Using conservation of energy, I am able to measure the far-field energy very accurately and efficiently. I study a range of frictions, from velocity weakening to slip weakening, in order to examine the effects of the physics of the rupture source on the radiated energy. Examining the scaling of radiated energy as a function of moment and rupture length, I find differences for slip-weakening as compared to velocity-weakening friction. I find distinct differences in how the apparent stress scales with moment and also how the apparent stress divided by the stress drop scales with moment for the different frictions. Most dramatically, the apparent stress divided by the stress drop is significantly smaller for slip weakening relative to velocity weakening. This suggests that measurements of radiated energy versus moment and rupture length in earthquakes, combined with forward elastodynamic modeling, can be used to constrain possible source physics.
A Long Run ARDL Investigation of Manufacturing Adjustment to the Services Economy in Nigeria
Authors: Olamade Olumuyiwa
Published: September 2021

The long-run equilibrating relationship between the value-added growth of services and manufacturing is investigated in this research. The study is based on the well-established empirical link between manufacturing and service activities, and in particular, manufacturing's servicification. The selected variables' annualized time series were obtained from the World Development Indicators. The paper used the autoregressive distributed lag framework to regress manufacturing value-added growth against service value-added growth while accounting for economic growth, factor input growth, and trade effects. The findings revealed that in Nigeria, a strong performing services sector has a large negative impact on manufacturing performance, whereas capital accumulation and income growth have positive effects. The supply constraint of business services that the manufacturing sector requires is at the root of this finding. The paper advocates for policy frameworks that support the efficient supply of business services as both a manufacturing input and a productivity enhancer for the entire economy.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Value of Multicultural Awareness Represented in an EFL Textbook
Authors: Alsaawi Ali
Published: September 2021

Learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) in contexts with limited multinational and transcultural backgrounds, such as Saudi Arabia, should be able to communicate with people from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Students’ awareness should be enriched with an understanding of the diversity among people around the world. EFL textbooks are one of the platforms for raising students’ awareness of cultural and linguistic differences. This study aimed to explore the cultural content of an EFL textbook taught at an international primary school in Saudi Arabia via the adoption of critical discourse analysis as a methodological approach. It focused on the multicultural values represented in the EFL textbook geared toward teaching senior primary school students. The study identified a number of values, including fostering positive perspectives concerning old tribes and people, appreciating the lives of other people, respecting the hard efforts made by some nations and understanding different cultural values in different parts of the world. There is found a lack of consideration of the cultural values of some countries in Africa, the Middle East and the Far East. Therefore, this study implicates stakeholders in Saudi Arabia to demand their cultural values be depicted in teaching and educational material.
Market-Based Strategy to Anticipate Covid-19 Pandemic in Smallholder Rubber Plantations in Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Khaswarina Shorea , Sucherly  , Kaltum Umi , Ariawaty R Rina Novianti
Published: September 2021

The coronavirus pandemic had disrupted almost all businesses in various sectors, one of which is the plantation sector. Smallholder rubber plantations in Riau Province, Indonesia have faced the very tough challenges of the coronavirus pandemic. Efforts that could be made were marketing rubber products by implementing market-based strategies, namely market strategy, marketing mix strategy, customer value and marketing performance. This study aimed to analyze the effects of market strategy, marketing mix strategy, and customer value on marketing performance in smallholder rubber plantations in Riau Province during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data collection was carried out using 45 respondents as heads of smallholder rubber plantation farmer groups in Riau Province. Data analysis used structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS). The results show that market strategy and marketing mix strategy had a significant direct effect on customer value. Customer value had a significant direct effect on the marketing performance of smallholder rubber plantation farmer groups in Riau, while the market and marketing mix strategies had an indirect effect.
Farmer Cards: Model, Database, Accuracy, and Improvement in Goverment Quality Service
Authors: Harun Dani Ramdani , Priyanto Sony Heru , Suharti Liely
Published: September 2021

This study aims to test the model adoption of farmer card innovation by farmers. Data were collected through the use of the survey technique. The respondents were obtained through cluster sampling from six districts that included the greatest numbers of farmer card users in central Java. Data analysis was done through the SEM technique. As a result, from the five variables included, reconstruction and merging of the independent variables were then carried out so that three important antecedent variables appeared regarding influencing the adoption of farmer cards, namely leadership, facility conditions, and the role of government mediated by perceptions of card technology. The application of farmer cards produced such a farmer database, accuracy improvement, and government service to farmers. Future research needs to be directed toward carrying out development research related to increasing the capacity of information technology regarding farmer cards; hence it will bring better welfare to farmers. No previous research has explained how small farmers adopt information technology provided by the government. Many events have transpired, but these dynamics have not been revealed in previous research. This research resulted in an adoption model that enriches the previous Rogers’ innovation adoption theory, especially how leadership factors play an important role in the adoption of information technology innovations
Człowiek a organizacja – relacje i zależności
Authors: Świątek-Barylska Ilona
Published: September 2021

Autor niniejszej pracy zwraca uwagę na relacje pracownika z firmą – pracodawcą, które systematycznie ulegają przeobrażeniom. Przekształcają się od wykonywania niemal niewolniczej pracy fizycznej do wysoko kwalifikowanej i dobrze wynagradzanej pracy profesjonalistów. Zmiany, jakie zaszły i nadal zachodzą w relacji pracownika z organizacją, zostaną poddane przez autora analizie z uwagi na trzy aspekty tego związku: 1) wzajemnej relacji celów pracownika i organizacji, 2) trwałości związku pracownika z organizacją oraz 3) możliwości pogodzenia elastyczności organizacji z poczuciem bezpieczeństwa pracowników.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF USING DIFFERENT SYSTEMS FOR HOME TEETH WHITENING
Authors: Kabytova M. V , Chaplieva E. M , Starikova I. V , Piterskaya N. V
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the aesthetic requirements of patients for dental treatment have significantly increased. More and more often, patients go to the dentist to change the color of their teeth. The achievements of modern science and the development of new technologies have made it possible to expand the arsenal of conservative methods of aesthetic dental treatment. Teeth whitening technologies figure prominently in this row. The method of home teeth whitening using mouth guards is not only one of the most effective, but certainly also the most convenient, used in dental practice today. In his normal daily life, a patient can easily use a mouthguard made by a doctor with a whitening gel, or buy ready-made mouth guards containing a whitening gel, which is an undoubted advantage, because in the modern world one of the problems is lack of time, and the desire to have a beautiful smile does not disappear anywhere.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE PARANEURAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF THE RAT SITIATIC NERVE IN DIFFERENT PERIODS OF POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Borodina K. M , Zatolokina M. A , Kharchenko V. V , Ten'kov A. A , Zatolokina E. S
Published: September 2021

The lack of a sufficient amount of data on the structural features of the paraneural structures of the sciatic nerve at different periods of ontogenesis contributed to the conduct of this study, as a result of which it was revealed that with an increase in the number of days from the moment of birth, a complication of the structure of the «paraneuria» was observed in an inextricable connection with the complication of the structure of the endo, peri-, epineuria and the conductive component of the sciatic nerve. «Morphological improvement» was manifested both in the appearance of new structures in the «paraneuria» and in a change in the ratio of the cellular and fibrous components of the connective tissue, which is its morphological substrate.
STRETCHING SYNDROME OF THE ANTERIOR SEGMENT OF THE EYEBALL WITH MYOPIA
Authors: Breev V. A , Solodkova E. G , Kuznetsova O. S , Balalin S. V
Published: September 2021

To assess the relationship between the anterior chamber structures, eye hydrodynamics disorders and the accommodation disorders in patients with myopia. 235 patients (235 eyes) with myopic refraction of various degrees were examined. With myopic refraction, an anterior stretch of the eyeball was marked, which is more expressed in patients with high myopia and is more often accompanied by ophthalmic hypertension and excessive accommodation strain syndrome.
NEW CORONAVIRAL INFECTION - WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED AND DONE DURING RECENT MONTHS
Authors: Lekareva I. V , Emelyanova A. L , Kalinina E. V
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the issues of diagnosis and treatment of patients with a new coronavirus infection. The data on the results of the work of the infectious department No. 2 of the "Infectious hospital No. 4" of the city of Volgograd for the period from April to September 2020, the analysis of the etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment of new coronavirus infection was carried out.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF CADETS AND SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: Yamanova G. A , Serdyukov V. G , Antonova A. A
Published: September 2021

The aim of the work was a comparative assessment of the functional state of the nervous system of students of secondary schools and specialized educational institutions on the example of the Cossack cadet corps. In the course of the work, 65 students of the cadet corps and 103 students of secondary schools aged 11-13 years were examined using a hardware and software complex for screening and assessing the level of psychophysiological and somatic health, recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The state of the nervous system of both secondary school and cadet students corresponded to the average values of this age group. The high level of neuroticism in both groups was revealed. Indicators of the speed of complex visual-motor reaction among cadets were significantly higher than among schoolchildren (p = 0,044, student's criterion). Based on the data obtained, the capabilities of the nervous system of the cadets of the Cossack cadet corps are significantly higher than those of secondary school students. The study allows us to draw a conclusion about the need to control the capabilities of the nervous system of children and adolescents studying in both specialized and General education institutions.
DIVERTICULAR DISEASE: FROM TRADITION TO INNOVATION
Authors: Vorontsov O. F , Tolochyki V. V , Mikhin I. V , Kitaeva A. V , Graeb C.
Published: September 2021

This article presents current data from the world medical literature and a five-year study of surgical clinic on the effect of perioperative intestinal decontamination in patients with acute complicated diverticulitis on the frequency of postoperative complications after elective resection of the sigmoid colon and the formation of primary colorectal anastomosis. The possibility of selective perioperative intestinal decontamination in patients with acute sigmoid diverticulitis complicated by covered perforation, the number of postoperative surgical and general complications was observed. The used scheme of topical antibacterial sanitation, along with orthograde intestinal cleansing with osmolar solutions, significantly reduced the frequency of insufficiency of colectal anastomoses, surgical (abdominal) and the total number of postoperative complications.
O ciclo de pinturas de Guttmann bicho no caps Ernesto Nazareth: Ilha do Governador / RJ
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Valle Arthur Gomes
Published: September 2021

Galdino Guttmann Bicho (1888-1955), o artista brasileiro a cuja obra dedicamos o presente artigo, é um nome ainda pouco discutido nos círculos da historiografia de arte brasileira.
Teoria e história da arte: abordagens metodológicas
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Lima Ana Paula Camargo , De Carli Christine ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Oliveira Helder ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piacenza Luciana Bicalho ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Berriel Marina ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sant'Anna Patrícia ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Published: September 2021

Apresentação e programação do II EHA.
Grandjean de Montigny: um utópico no trópico
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Andrade Marco Antonio Pasqualini de
Published: September 2021

Esta comunicação relata um estudo, realizado em 1990, sobre Grandjean de Montigny, o arquiteto francês que integrou a Missão Artística organizada por Lebreton em 1816, que tinha por objetivo fundar uma Academia de Belas Artes no Brasil. A tese principal versa sobre a influência dos arquitetos “utópicos”, que atuaram no final do século XVIII na França (Boulée, Ledoux, Lequeu), sobre a produção, idéias e projetos de Montigny. Como instrumento metodológico foi adotado um estudo comparativo visual, englobando desenhos, projetos e fotografias. Observa-se em sua arquitetura o uso de formas simples, geométricas, regulares, simétricas, com uma repetição intensa dos elementos formais empregados. Verifica-se, dessa maneira, que o conceito de “imitação”, caro ao neoclassicismo, torna-se matriz de um pensamento utópico, uma arquitetura ideal, irreal, quase impossível, especialmente tendo em vista o contexto cultural, econômico e político de uma nação em devir, no caso o Brasil no período do Império.
A importância da definição de termos e conceitos na sustentabilidade da “teoria” da restauração de Cesare Brandi
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Araújo Denise Puertas de
Published: September 2021

A definição de uma terminologia científica, especificando termos e conceitos, é - mais do que ponto de partida - algo essencial para a sustentabilidade e verificabilidade de qualquer teoria. Dentro desse quadro, a “Teoria” da Restauração, de Cesare Brandi, constitui valiosíssima contribuição pois, tornando-a sustentável a partir da sólida definição de conceitos, seu autor procura livrar do arbítrio a restauração dos bens culturais.
Espalhar e roubar
Authors: Packer Ian
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo toma como material etnográfico dois depoimentos narrativos de um cantor e de uma cantora krahô (Timbira/Jê), nos quais eles refletem sobre suas respectivas trajetórias e processos pessoais de aprendizagem dos cantos em geral e dos cantos de maracá em particular. Os cantos de maracá são um gênero verbo-musical pan-timbira, executado cotidianamente no pátio das aldeias e também em contextos rituais. A análise deste material nos permitirá identificar e descrever algumas das concepções krahô sobre os modos de execução, transmissão, circulação e fruição dos cantos de maracá, concepções que são fundamentais tanto para a compreensão do regime sociocosmológico de memória que é próprio a esta forma de conhecimento quanto para a compreensão do lugar que cantores e cantoras ocupam no socius krahô e no sistema regional formado pelos povos timbira.
Circulando imagens e tecendo redes no Território Indígena do Xingu
Authors: Serber Luiza
Published: September 2021

Guiada pela busca por apreender as dinâmicas de produção e circulação imagética no universo xinguano, transitei por diferentes regiões da bacia do Rio Xingu, presenciando variadas situações nas quais a produção audiovisual assume nas aldeias uma posição central. Nesta trajetória, Alto, Médio e Baixo Xingu emaranhavam-se numa trama costurada por variadas formas de fazer, pensar, ver e circular filmes – transpondo, assim, limites convencionalmente sustentadas pela etnologia da região. A presente reflexão se constitui como um esforço por tecer um conjunto heterogêneo de observações que resultam de uma série de incursões a alguns dos povos que hoje integram o Território Indígena do Xingu (TIX). Neste ensaio, procuro delinear os contornos de um circuito imagético que se configura entre as diferentes aldeias xinguanas e que, sugiro, gera efeitos sobre o estabelecimento de relações, bem como sobre a transposição e redefinição de fronteiras, entre os povos do TIX. Partindo de minhas observações de campo, proponho que a rede regional xinguana se encontra hoje “amarrada”, não apenas por trocas comerciais, casamentos, acusações de feitiçaria e experiências políticas conjuntas, mas, também, por uma experiência partilhada de uso do vídeo.
A coafinidade Baniwa
Authors: Vianna João
Published: September 2021

O artigo busca situar as relações extraparentesco (de afinidade potencial) na construção do parentesco do Alto Rio Negro a partir de uma etnografia entre os Baniwa do rio Aiari, posicionando-se no debate sobre o dravidianato amazônico (cf. Viveiros de Castro, 2002). A partir de controvérsias classificatórias envolvendo categorias sociocentradas (fratrias e clãs) e egocentradas (terminologia dravidiana tripartida entre consanguíneos, afins e coafins), de casamentos viabilizados pela coafinidade (entre “filhos de mãe” ou aparentamento uterino) e de casamentos não prescritos, procura-se explicitar uma dinâmica onde parentesco agnático e uterino negam-se mutuamente sem que nenhum deles se estabeleça de modo fixo ou possa ser considerado paradigmático. Conquanto o parentesco agnático (com suas classificações sociocêntricas) seja mais saliente na descrição da região, busca-se no artigo instigar uma reflexão a respeito do parentesco uterino e sua codificação nos termos da coafinidade, que considere o coeficiente de afinidade das relações do parentesco amazônico. Evidencia-se uma dinâmica onde a agnação e a consanguinidade podem ser entendidas como subordinadas à cognação e à afinidade potencial. Por fim, espera-se demonstrar que a afinidade enquanto esquema de diferença explicita dinâmicas importantes entre parentesco e extraparentesco, entre os domínios humano e não humano, revelando as condições de produção de coletivos e parentes entre os Baniwa no Alto Rio Negro.
Análise do perfil de catadores de materiais recicláveis do município de Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná
Authors: Rode Grasieli de Fátima , Stoffel Janete , Moura Gabriela Silva
Published: September 2021

O trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar o perfil de catadores de materiais recicláveis do município de Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brasil, e relacionar com a teoria de privação de liberdades de Amartya Sen. A identificação do perfil dos catadores de materiais recicláveis se deu a partir de um levantamento de dados primários, por meio de entrevistas. A pesquisa é caracterizada como estudo de caso e foi construída a partir de levantamento bibliográfico, utilizando os métodos descritivo e explicativo, com abordagem quantiqualitativa. Os resultados, mostraram que os catadores convivem com inúmeras privações de liberdades, tais como: baixa escolaridade e renda; idade avançada sem acesso à seguridade social; falta de documentos para acesso a direitos fundamentais; privações que limitam o alcance de um nível mínimo de condições de vida.
Impacto ambiental do turismo de pesca: aplicação da Lei da Cota Zero no Rio Araguaia, em Goiás
Authors: Araújo Raquel Nominato , Abdala Klaus de Oliveira , Medina Gabriel da Silva
Published: September 2021

Esta pesquisa busca responder se a Lei n. 17.985/2013, que regulamenta a pesca no Estado de Goiás, está garantindo que o turismo de pesca seja feito de maneira sustentável. A pesquisa foi realizada na comunidade Itacaiu, às margens do Rio Araguaia. Foi verificado que a região de estudo vem sofrendo com a pesca predatória devido ao conhecimento limitado dos pescadores sobre a Lei e devido à falta de fiscalização governamental. Peixes fora de medida e espécies protegidas são capturados, transportados e consumidos ilegalmente, comprometendo o desenvolvimento local sustentável.
O que dizem as políticas públicas da agricultura familiar sobre inclusão produtiva? Uma análise sob a abordagem da narrativa governamental
Authors: Neves de Sousa Diego
Published: September 2021

Este artigo propõe reconstruir e analisar a narrativa sobre a temática da inclusão produtiva presente nas políticas públicas da agricultura familiar inseridas no Plano Brasil Sem Miséria (PBSM), sob a perspectiva governamental. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, utilizando relatórios governamentais e de outras fontes secundárias que tratam do assunto. O PBSM apresenta uma contextualização que explora a narrativa sobre a pobreza no meio rural brasileiro. Entretanto não existe uma política específica de inclusão produtiva, mas o avanço de um conjunto de políticas complementares no âmbito do PBSM que buscou promover a dinamização socioeconômica dos beneficiários. A tentativa de superar a extrema pobreza do rural demandou, portanto, a ação intersetorial do Estado. Com as alterações recentes no cenário político, constata-se a retomada do tema da pobreza e o arrefecimento do tema da inclusão produtiva na agenda política, embora, mais cedo ou mais tarde, essas temáticas precisem ser retomadas em conjunto, para promover a redução da pobreza rural por meio de ações de inclusão produtiva junto aos agricultores familiares.
Políticas públicas de emprego e renda no Paraná e sua efetividade
Authors: Almeida da Silva Rosa Fernanda , Stefano Silvio Roberto , Lara Luiz Fernando , Bernardim Márcio Luiz
Published: September 2021

Os governos devem desenvolver políticas públicas de emprego e renda voltadas para a qualificação profissional, inclusão produtiva e promoção do emprego formal. A Teoria do Capital Humano defende que, quanto mais uma pessoa investe em conhecimento, maiores suas chances de alcançar melhores posições no mercado de trabalho e também aumentar a renda. Nesse contexto, o objetivo de pesquisa foi analisar as políticas públicas de emprego e renda na cidade de Ponta Grossa e suas relações nos níveis de emprego formal no período de 2015 a 2017. Esta pesquisa caracterizou-se como descritiva, com abordagem de métodos mistos, e a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e aplicação de questionários. Para análise, utilizou-se a técnica de análise do conteúdo e testes estatísticos diversos. Os resultados mostraram que quatro instituições públicas estão envolvidas com as políticas de emprego e renda da cidade, sendo elas a Agência SINE, a Sala da Qualificação, o Serviços de Obras Sociais e o Conselho Municipal do Trabalho. Os resultados da pesquisa com os trabalhadores apontaram que os pesquisados estão satisfeitos com as políticas atuais. Nas entrevistas realizadas com os representantes das empresas, ficou evidente o interesse e a satisfação com as políticas, principalmente as voltadas à qualificação profissional, mas com lacunas existentes. Por fim, apresentou-se uma agenda com algumas sugestões para aperfeiçoamento das políticas existentes.
Controle social na saúde complementar em um município brasileiro do noroeste gaúcho: entre a gestão social e a gestão estratégica
Authors: Da Fonseca Capssa Lima Sausen Juliana , Viana Cardoso Vanilson , Knebel Baggio Daniel , Adelar Mueller Airton
Published: September 2021

Reflexões têm sido feitas sobre as diferenças e aproximações de conceitos da gestão social e gestão estratégica (CANÇADO; VILLELA; SAUSEN, 2016). No presente artigo, analisam-se as duas abordagens junto aos serviços de saúde complementar, a partir da dinâmica existente entre os arranjos institucionais e a participação dos atores locais no contexto da contratação de serviços do SUS por organizações do terceiro setor. Trata-se de uma política definida pela Constituição Federal que visa promover a sustentabilidade dos territórios em face da distribuição dos recursos para organização da saúde pública hospitalar, especialmente nos pequenos municípios, onde as demandas sociais e as dependências de recursos externos são mais latentes. Desta forma, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e entrevista, buscou-se investigar as práticas de gestão e suas formas de atuação quanto ao controle social da saúde complementar, considerando as inter-relações entre conselho municipal de saúde, instituição hospitalar filantrópica e poder público em um município brasileiro de pequeno porte, localizado no noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados apontam que a gestão social acontece sob a forma de poucas ações, e o controle social não é efetivo. Enquanto isso, a gestão estratégica prima pela otimização dos recursos disponíveis, permeando as relações políticas e institucionais às quais se submetem o conselho e os demais atores locais envolvidos. Consequentemente, as iniciativas de promover transformações mais efetivas no âmbito da saúde complementar no local de investigação do estudo também são afetadas, uma vez que não se verifica a existência de participação horizontal.
O cooperativismo e o desenvolvimento local: um estudo da cooperativa de crédito Sicredi União MS/TO – Comitê Ação Social
Authors: Marques Heitor Romero , Da Costa Jéssica Ojeda
Published: September 2021

Esta pesquisa tem como enfoque temático abordar um estudo de caso sobre o cooperativismo e o desenvolvimento local, com foco no Comitê Ação Social da Cooperativa de Crédito Sicredi União MS/TO e no impacto de suas ações no desenvolvimento local da cidade de Campo Grande, MS. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e entrevista com os representantes do comitê. A relevância desta temática está voltada aos resultados da influência do comitê social no desenvolvimento dos cooperados e da comunidade local. De modo geral, o presente objeto consiste em compreender a atuação do comitê da Cooperativa e sua importância na geração de benefícios econômicos, culturais, sociais e ambientais.