bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Soil Deformation during Permafrost Thawing
Authors: Et. al. A.V. Vasyukov
Published: April 2021

The active development of the northern latitudes leads to the fact that a significant number of sources of technogenic heating arise in the permafrost regions. This shifts the existing thermal equilibrium and leads to gradual thawing of the frozen phase in the medium. This process can significantly reduce the strength of the geological massif and lead to subsidence of the soil surface, depletion of the bearing capacity of the soil, and eventually to the occurrence of landslides and sinkholes. This paper is devoted to the numerical modeling of partially melted medium in the permafrost region. The paper covers mechanical processes in the soil under static gravitational load, taking phase composition space distribution as the input. The multiphase medium is described using Biot model with the effective parameters for a composite solid phase and separate parameters for a fluid phase. The numerical solution is obtained using finite element method that is also presented in the paper. Calculation results for several two dimensional problem statements are presented and discussed in the paper
Socio-Economic Effects of HIV/AIDS on Households with People Living With HIV/AIDS in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Et. al. Suleiman Mohammed Saeed
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to review the socio-economic effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) on households with People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Northern Nigeria. The pandemic is devastating and constitutes a serious threat to the socio-economic development of infected, affected, and society at large. This study was qualitative in nature, thus it utilized in-depth interviews to pull together information from the 39 key informants as its method. It is observed that HIV/AIDS occurrence rate has led to poor health, loss of jobs, and a high rate of labour reduction in all sectors, and this has contributed to the tremendous decline of the economy. This study discovered that increased expenses of households with PLWHA on financing funerals, healthcare, and other medical expenditures with decreased investment. Children emerging as head of the households and tasks of caring for orphans are increasingly inconsistent with many other studies. The pandemic has been a serious threat to the social and economic interests and survival of the households with PLWHA and their members. Many lives are lost due to the pandemic. The worst affected group is young people in their productive ages and by implication affects the socio-economic development of PLWHA, their households, and society at large. Thus, households with PLWHA experience numerous forms of stigma and prejudice together with human rights abuse that is detrimental to the total well-being of PLWHA. The dimensions of the stigma can be classified as internalized, community, and social-based. The patterns of managing the challenges of HIV/AIDS-related stigma adopted from the experience of households with PLWHA adopted include isolation, non-disclosure, and loss of follow-up as well as migration. The paper suggested that the government should come up with policies that can take care and support the socio-economic activities of households with PLWHA and also need to introduce policies and procedures for the reduction of stigma and discrimination against households with PLWHA and its members living with the epidemic. Households with PLWHA need to be assisted with medication subsidies to reduce medical expenses and stress on the households’ capitals among other recommendations.
Analyzing the Role of English ‘Loan Lexis’ in the Process of Language Change in Contemporary Bodo Linguistic Community
Authors: Narzary Nobin
Published: April 2021

Language grows, evolves and develops over a period of time. Reading through old English writings even the native speakers of today would struggle understanding them. No language (including Bodo) is exempt from this fact. According to Edward Sapir an American Linguist, Language contact is one of the main reasons behind such change in a particular linguistic community. Darwin says that ‘languages tended to change in the direction of having shorter easier forms, and that it could be explained by natural selection.’

My close observation lead me to discover that there are numerous English ‘loan words that the ‘Bodos’ use in their conversations. This is a case not only of one linguistic community but of most North East Indian linguistic communities; we can’t deny the fact that English Loan words have found great usage in our conversations, TV shows, songs, films and functions. This practice has to a certain extent ushered in some changes in contemporary Bodo linguistic community.

Edward Sapir talks about how one linguistic community borrows vocabulary from another in the process of cultural and social interaction; this he says has been a common phenomenon among linguistic communities in the history and continues to prevail as a common practice till today. In my paper I discuss the causes of such a practice and their possible pros and cons with special reference to Contemporary Bodo linguistic community.
Accounting for Environmental Sustainability of the Tourism Industry: The Case of Perhentian Island
Authors: Et.al Rosmini Ismail
Published: April 2021

The study is undertaken to account and measure externalities that have crossed beyond its environmental limit due totourism activities. These measurements later integrated into thetourism revenue estimates.Hence, the study’s objectives include estimating tourism revenue, quantifyingand monetizing environmental degradations and presenting the Environmentally Sustainable Tourism Revenue (ESTR) statement.Visitors spending served as proxies to tourism revenue estimates. Data were collected from 923 tourists of Perhentian Island and analysed using two-steps decision tree analysis through Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) procedure in SPSS 22.0 software. The costs of the environment were measured loosely based on the concept of ecological footprint, tourism carrying capacity, and economic valuation techniques.The findings suggest that the cost of the environment which comprised of overshoot of environmental resources, overcapacity of environmental services and overuse of environmental asset were RM5,446,563.00, RM506,576.00 and RM1,612,160.94 – RM3,626,722, respectively.Perhentian Islands’ total cost of degradation was recorded at RM9,579,861.00 (upper limit) with net tourism revenue of RM124,724,324.00. The implication of the study suggests that Perhentian Islands tourism externalities has exceeded between5.5% to 7.1% of its environmental limit and therefore, tourism activities on the islands incline towards unsustainability. Several steps need to be taken to rectifythe environmental issues identified in the study to ensure the sustainability of the islands.
A Qualitative Exploration of Role Salience among Malaysian Professional and Managerial Dual-Career Couples
Authors: Et.al Rafiduraida Abdul Rahman
Published: April 2021

This paper explores work and family roles salience in the context of dual-career couples in Malaysia. Semi-structured qualitative interviews has been conducted on 18 couples in professional and managerial position. The data were transcribed and analyzed using template analysis. The findings revealed that several factors namely culture, religious values, gender, work characteristics and personal preferences influence the couples’ role salience. Women tend to face more struggles to maintain the salience of both roles despite the fact that couples regard both roles to be central to their lives. Factors such as culture and religious values influence the couples’ role salience making them holding to traditional gender attitude and reduce the impact of family to work. Some couples are more affected with spouse work condition or personal preferencesleading them to practice less traditional roles in their family arrangements.Conflicting views within couples also exist, which influence their challenges and satisfaction. This study adds to the work and family research using couple-level analysis in a non-Western context. The qualitative data gained has also enabled the study to extend the understanding on how the dynamic of the interaction between culture, religion, gender, work characteristics and personal preferences come into play to shape couples’ role salience and consequently their work-family experiences and perceptions.
Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction between Work-To-Family Conflict and Safety Participation among Commercial Drivers of Pakistan
Authors: Et.al Mustafa R. Khan
Published: April 2021

Employee’s safety has come under limelight of organizational policy. Organizations are investing on employee safety training and participation to build their image as well as to contribute in employee well-being. Previous literature suggested association between strains based work-to-family conflicts, job satisfaction, and safety participation. The purpose of this empirical paper is to investigate the effect of work family conflict on safety participation with mediating role of job satisfaction. Moreover, the social exchange theory was adopted to explain research framework of the study. The research was quantitative in nature and adopted cross-sectional research design. Data was collected from 217 respondents by using convenience sampling technique in Karachi region. The research finding reveal new insight by providing evidence of insignificant direct association between strains based work family conflict andsafety participation. Furthermore, finding also reveals that job satisfaction significantly mediates the relationship of strains based work family conflict with safety participation.This paper was originally inspired by world Health organization (WHO)news, which reported thatone million individual died every yeardue to street accidents in the world.
An Overview of Current Multi-Attribute Techniques in Double Auction Frameworks
Authors: Et.al Muhamad Hariz Muhamad Adnan
Published: April 2021

Double auction is becoming the preferred negotiation protocol for cloud service negotiation due to its economic efficiency, capability in facilitating dynamic pricing, and suitability for handling a large number of customers and service providers. However, as far as this research work is concerned, there is no framework using double auction that simultaneously and comprehensively addresses the heterogeneity of cloud services in multi-attributes negotiation. Before such a framework can be designed, suitable multi-attributes negotiation techniques and its attributes should be identified. Therefore, this paper’s objective is to distinguish and provide an overview of multi-attributes techniques used in double auction negotiations. The sources are from the Scopus Database. It is found that the current multi-attributes techniques lacked in addressing the preferential dependency, selective attributes and utility optimization simultaneously in double auction frameworks. These concerns need to be addressed in order to devise a practical framework. The future direction for double auction framework in multi-attributes negotiation is suggested.
Chroma Key Enhance Students’ Verbal Participation During Form One English Language Lesson
Authors: Et.al Nur Fariza Alia Hamzah
Published: April 2021

Technology in the ESL classrooms is not something new.Using Chroma Key helps in making lesson more interactive, enjoyable and interesting.With the combination of physical and virtual technology, Chroma Keyorfrequently known as GreenScreen,creates a platformformeaningful learning. This study reveals how the use of Chroma Keyempowersa class of Form One, lower secondary school students to accomplish tasks and provides a comfortable environment to enhance students’ verbal participationsduring ESL lesson in Malaysia.
Using Reward Cards to Motivate Students’ Learning in an ESL Form 2 Classroom in Perak
Authors: Et.al Siti Nurafiqahbinti Abdullah
Published: April 2021

Thepurpose of this research wasto investigate the effectiveness of using reward card in ESL classroom to improve students’ motivation in learning. This action research was conducted on eighteen (18) Form Two students from a semi-urban school in Perak. The problem with these students was they lacked motivation in learning English language in the classroom. The researcher conducted an action research of five (5) weeks where researcher introduced a strategy of using reward card in the classroom. Data were collected using questionnaire, interview and reward card. Data were analysed by calculating the percentage of students’ rating on each item of the questionnaire and reward card. Data were also analysed from the audio recording from students’ interview. The research found that reward cards motivate students to participate in classroom and compete with their classmates in collecting the most stamps, as tokens. This research shows that reward cards motivate students in learning during the English language lesson
Audit Fees Determinants: A Study on the Impact of Key Audit Matters Reporting and other Factors
Authors: Et.al Zuaini Ishak
Published: April 2021

Knowledge is now an essential source of competitive advantage. Itenhanceseconomic growth and increasescorporate value. In the field of auditing, authority was aware of the need for improved reporting and thus has issued a brand newstandard related to auditor's report.While the new report is expected to enhanceaudit reporting and improve the quality of audit, the move may also increasethe audit costs as auditorsnow needto expandtheir efforts. We analyzed 261 companies listed on Bursa Malaysia and the results indicate that the requirement to improve auditor's communication through enhanced reporting does not influence audit fees. Instead, the study suggests that the company size, poor financial performance and liquidity issue are key determinants of audit fees.  The two world's largest audit firms, i.e., PWC and KPMG, are found to charge higher fees than others, possibly for the brand name. This study informs regulators of the influence of the new requirement on audit output costs.It also offers insight into the main drivers for audit pricing following the current reporting requirement.
The Effects of Agile Methodologies on Software Project Management in Pakistani Software Companies
Authors: Et.al Javed Iqbal
Published: April 2021

Agile methodologies are always tends to increase the quality of software and also handling the complex software projects. However, the software companies in Pakistan have recently felt the disparity of producing successful software. In this context, an extensive survey has been conducted in 52 prominent software development companies of Pakistan to identify this remedy and the motivation behind this production discrepancy. It is revealed from the survey that there is a lack of empirical evidence in the relationship of agile methodologies with the effective and progressive management of software project management factors including, schedule, scope, risk, budget, quality and resources. Therefore, the proposed study delivers an extensive statistical comparison to determine the effectiveness of agile methodologies in terms of their effects on the project management factors. The results suggest that in general all agile methodologies play a significant role towards the successful software development in the software company. However, Extreme Programming, Scrum, Kanban and Agile modeling are the main determinants of production disparity among software companies. Furthermore, it is determined that the quality factor has a positive correlation with the rest of the factors. It is also found that the budget factor has significantly correlated with other five factors, while rest of the factors has insignificant correlation. We have also compared agile methodologies in terms of project management factors, which specify that each agile methodology has its own importance and effect with respect to managing different factors of project management.
Cervical Cancer Diagnosis System Using Ant-Miner for Managing the Knowledge in Medical Database
Authors: Et.al Juliana Wahid
Published: April 2021

The fourth most frequent cause of cancer death in women is cervical cancer. No sign can be observed in the early stages of the disease. In addition, cervical cancer diagnosis methods used in health centers are time-consuming and costly. Data classification has been widely applied in the diagnosis of cervical cancer for knowledge acquisition. However, none of the existing intelligent methods are comprehensible, and they look like a black box to clinicians. In this paper, an ant colony optimization-based classification algorithm, Ant-Miner is applied to analyze the cervical cancer data set. The cervical cancer data set used was obtained from the repository of the University of California, Irvine. The proposed algorithm outperforms the previous approach, support vector machine, in the same domain, in terms of the better result of classification accuracy. The proposed method is implemented as an engine in a prototype system named as the cervical cancer detection system. Evaluation of the prototype system demonstrates a good result on its usability and functionality.
A Comparison of Machine Learning Techniques for Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Et.al Shahzad Qaiser
Published: April 2021

The availability of the data has increased tremendously due to the excess usage of social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook. Due to the abundant availability of data, scientists, businesses, educationalists and other people working under different roles have started using Sentiment Analysis (SA) to get in-depth knowledge about the sentiments of the people regarding any topic of interest. There are many techniques to implement SA, and one of them is Machine Learning (ML). This study is focused on the comparison of ancient ML methods such as Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and a modern method, i.e., Deep Learning (DL). The ML techniques are applied to a single dataset to compare their performance in terms of accuracy to understand how they perform against each other. The study found that DL performed the best with 96.41% accuracy followed by NB and SVM with 87.18% and 82.05% respectively. DT performed the poorest with 68.21% accuracy.
Cidadanía ambiental, um compromisso de participação, em Portugal
Authors: Peixoto Artur , Serrano Augusto , Teixeira Francisco , Neves Jorge , Soares Lurdes , Marcelino Margarida
Published: April 2021

O conceito de Educação Ambiental (EA) surge aliado à necessidade de alertar, sensibilizar e refletir sobre a forma de estar num planeta cujo modelo de desenvolvimento, e sustentabilidade se tornam numa dualidade frágil. Compreender o percurso da EA ajuda-nos a reconhecer o papel preponderante que esta teve na obtenção de um outro olhar sobre o Ambiente, por parte do cidadão. As grandes conferências internacionais assumiram-se como marcos condutores de mudanças substanciais na sociedade, quer através dos cidadãos quer das escolas e posteriormente das universidades. Salienta-se o papel das ONGA que, dinamizando a  sociedade civil e as escolas conduziram a uma reflexão e implementação de uma cidadania ambiental. De igual forma, os os Equipamentos de EA são atualmente espaços onde a alteração comportamental é trabalhada e exercida. Embora só nas últimas décadas o tema da participação pública tenha começado a integrar a linguagem dos cidadãos, a conceção subjacente a esta prática democrática é histórica. A Convenção de Aarhus vem motivar e orientar para esta participação, ao dotar os cidadãos de instrumentos políticos de incentivo do individuo à assunção da cidadania ambiental.
Conferencia Mundial sobre os Pobos Indíxenas: documento final
Authors: Unidas Nacións
Published: April 2021

Conferencia Mundial sobre os Pobos Indíxenas: documento final.
Análisis del potencial turístico del distrito de Santo Domingo – Piura, Perú
Authors: OVIEDO ROJAS Fany Marcela , LUJÁN VERA Priscila Estelita , LACHIRA ESTRADA Diego Salvador , TRELLES POZO Luis Ramón , MOGOLLÓN TABOADA Marlon Martín , SILVA JUÁREZ Raquel
Published: April 2021

El turismo se ha convertido en una fuente de generación de ingresos en diversas partes del mundo, donde existen un sin fin de recursos naturales que aún no son implementados con plantas turísticas para generar desarrollo sostenible e ingresos en la localidad donde se ubica. El objetivo del estudio es analizar elpotencial turístico (recursos naturales, hotelería, gastronomía) del distrito de Santo Domingo-Piura. Se utilizó el método analítico enfocado en un diseño descriptivo, para la recolección de datos se aplicó una ficha de observación y análisis para el caso de los recursos, hospedajes y restaurantes, así mismo uncuestionario aplicado a los pobladores. En los resultados de la investigación se evidenció que el 52% de los recursos naturales se encuentran en mal estado, siendo las vías de acceso las más afectadas, en el caso de los hospedajes la mayoría no se encuentra registrado en el área de turismo y los servicios prestados son básicos. Se concluye que Santo Domingo cuenta con recursos turístico de alto potencial que no son aprovechados para generar desarrollo turístico sostenible.Palabras clave: Turismo, recursos naturales, gastronomía, hotelería.
Review of clinical guidelines “Cystic fibrosis”, 2020
Authors: Kondratyeva E. I. , Amelina E. L. , Chernukha M. Yu. , Sherman V. D. , Krasovskiy S. A. , Kashirskaya N. Yu. , Simonova O. I. , Avdeev S. N. , Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Gembitskaya T. E. , Kutsev S. I.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the experts who provide health care for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been to develop clinical guidelines on cystic fibrosis for children and adults.

Methods. The 2020 Clinical Guidelines were based on the European consensus documents on cystic fibrosis and the national consensus “Cystic fibrosis: definition, diagnostic criteria, therapy” (2016, 2019). When creating clinical guidelines, the experts were guided by Article 2 of the Federal Law No.323-FL “On the basics of health care in the Russian Federation” as of November 21st, 2011, and the regulatory legal documents governing the development and approval of clinical guidelines (https://rosmedex.ru/kr/).

Results. The clinical guidelines were approved by the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Expertise and Quality Control of Medical Care” of the Russian Ministry of Health in August 2020. Standards of medical care for children and adults with cystic fibrosis were prepared based on these guidelines. The diagnostic algorithms have been expanded with a three-stage DNA diagnostic strategy, functional assays of CFTR channel, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic tools for assessing disorders of respiratory and other systems, diagnosis of the microbial inflammatory process, microbiological monitoring, and therapeutic approaches. The antibiotic therapy with dosages and courses is described in detail. The updated document should describe a unified tactic for the management of Russian CF patients.

Conclusion. Unified clinical guidelines for children and adults should develop unified tactics for the diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up of CF patients in the Russian Federation and ensure continuity between health care services for children and adults.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of rare pathogenic variants of the CFTR gene in Russian patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Voronkova A. Yu. , Melyanovskaya Yu. L. , Petrova N. V. , Adyan T. A. , Zhekaite E. K. , Krasovskiy S. A. , Amelina E. L.
Published: April 2021

The variety of clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis is driven by the diversity of the CFTR gene nucleotide sequence. Descriptions of the clinical manifestations in patients with the newly identified genetic variants are of particular interest.

The aim of this study was to describe clinical manifestations of the disease with the newly identified genetic variants.

Methods. Data from Registry of patients with cystic fibrosis in the Russian Federation (2018) were used. The data review included three steps — the search for frequent mutations, Sanger sequencing, and the search for extensive rearrangements by MLPA. 38 pathogenic variants were identified that were not previously described in the international CFTR2 database. We selected and analyzed full case histories of 15 patients with 10 of those 38 pathogenic variants: p.Tyr84*, G1047S, 3321delG, c.583delC, CFTRdele13,14del18, CFTRdele19-22, c.2619+1G>A, c.743+2T>A, p.Glu1433Gly, and CFTRdel4-8del10-11.

Results. A nonsense variant p.Tyr84* was found in 5 patients (0.08 %). Two missense variants c.3139G>A were found in 2 siblings (0.03 %). The c.4298A>G was found in 1 patient. Other variants were detected in a single patient (0.02 %) each. They included two variants of a deletion with a shift of the reading frame 3321delG and c.583delC, two splicing disorders c.2619+1G>A and c.743+2T>A, three extended rearrangements CFTRdele19-22, CFTRdele13,14del18, and CFTRdel4-8del10-11. The last two variants include 2 rearrangements on one allele, which cause the severe course in two young children. 8 of the 10 variants are accompanied by pancreatic insufficiency (PI). Among patients with p.Tyr84*, one had ABPA, one had liver transplantation, and all had Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Nasal polyps were diagnosed in 2 patients with p.Tyr84*, 1 with G1047S, 1 with CFTRdel4-8del10-11, and 1 patient with 3321delG, who also had osteoporosis and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). 2 patients with PI with 3321delG and CFTRdel4-8del10-11 genetic variants, and 1 with PI with p.Glu1433Gly genetic variant had severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).

Conclusion. Clinical manifestations of previously undescribed CFTR genetic variants were described. 5/10 genetic variants should be attributed to class I, 3/10 – to class 7 of the function classification of pathogenic CFTR gene variants associated with transcription and translation disruptions. Class of the identified missense variants c.3139G>A and c.4298A>G has not been established and requires further functional, cultural, and molecular genetic studies.
Analysis of COVID-19 cases in adult cystic fibrosis patients in Saint-Petersburg and the Leningrad region
Authors: Makhmutova V. R. , Gembitskaya T. E. , Chermenskiy A. G. , Titova O. N.
Published: April 2021

March 11, 2020 WHO has declared the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The European Society for Cystic Fibrosis (ECFS) has developed the ECFSCOVID- 19 surveillance program to collect information on the characteristics of COVID-19 in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). CF centers in the Russian Federation also joined the ECFS study. The ECFS collected information only through national Registers. In our country, the national register of CF patients has existed since 2011, its data is included in the European Register. Тo analyze the prevalence and course of COVID-19 in adult CF patients in Saint-Petersburg and the Leningrad region.

Methods. From 11.03.20 to 24.12.20, 10 cases of adult CF patients (4 women, 6 men) with COVID-19 were analyzed in Saint-Petersburg and the Leningrad region. At the beginning of the study, 56 adult CF patients lived in Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad Region. All patients were monitored remotely by telephone, in case of ARVI symptoms, disease exacerbation, a PCR smear was performed on SARS-CoV-2, therapy was prescribed remotely, and inpatient treatment was prescribed if indicated.

Results. COVID-19 was diagnosed in 10 adult CF patients aged 21 to 43 years. Two patients (32-year-old male and 31-year-old female with severe mixed cystic fibrosis form) were hospitalized with polysegmental pneumonia. 8 people were treated on an outpatient basis. Only 1 outpatient patient aged 43 years had pronounced clinical manifestations of COVID-19, the condition was regarded as moderate, the remaining outpatient patients suffered from a mild ARI disease. All patients were treated with positive dynamics. During the period of this follow – up, 3 CF patients (2 men, 1 woman) died, the death cause was the respiratory failure progression. Clinical and radiological, repeated laboratory data for COVID-19 were not obtained. At the point of December 24, 2020 53 adult CF patients are alive.

Conclusion. According to our data, the incidence of COVID-19 among adult CF patients in Saint-Petersburg and the Leningrad Region was 17.85%, which is a lower indicator than in the general population. The disease was rarely severe, and effective treatment was noted in outpatient settings. There were no deaths from COVID-19.
Chronic polypous rhinosinusitis and lung function in the profile of multi-organ pathology in children with cystic fibrosis in the Russian Federation
Authors: Polyakov D. P. , Daykhes N. A. , Yunusov A. S. , Karneeva O. V. , Petrov A. S. , Sherman V. D. , Chernyak A. V. , Gorinova Yu. V.
Published: April 2021

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), including chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), is one of the manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF). The paranasal sinuses (PNS) are considered as a reservoir of pathogenic microflora and a source of descending infection of the entire respiratory tract. Nevertheless, paranasal sinuses pathology is usually assessed in isolation from both the lower respiratory tract and the entire spectrum of multiple organ damage in CF.

Aim. To determine the prevalence of CRSwNP and its correlation with other characteristics of CF in children in Russia.

Methods. The study included data of 2216 children from 0 to 18 years old from 81 regions of the Russian Federation from the Registry of patients with cystic fibrosis in the Russian Federation for 2018. Children with an established diagnosis of CRSwNP (n = 599) were compared to those without this condition (n = 1 617). The prevalence was assessed in the subgroups by age, sex, respiratory function, nutritional status, microbiological status, complications, the need for various therapies, and the average duration of inpatient treatment during the year. The statistical analysis included parametric and nonparametric tests.

Results. According to the Registry, the average prevalence of CRSwNP among children with CF was 27.03% and tended to increase with age. Children with CRSwNP had statistically significant higher incidence of homozygous F508del mutation, more common intermittent and chronic infection with P. aeruginosa, S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA), cystic fibrosis-associated diabetes mellitus with daily use of insulin, liver damage (as with or without cirrhosis), osteoporosis, a more frequent need for systemic antibacterial and inhalation (except for bronchodilators) therapy, as well as a relatively high need for hospital stay. Unexpectedly, the respiratory function indicators (FEV1, %, FVC, %) and body mass index turned out to be higher in the group of patients with nasal polyposis. A likely explanation is that the study included only children, and the lung function was not analyzed in the children and adolescents.

Conclusion. The results suggest that CRSwNP is a predictor of adverse course of CF and requires attention from CF specialists and otorhinolaryngologists, as well as interdisciplinary collaborations.
Cost of therapy for cystic fibrosis in different age groups with consideration to the respiratory tract infection and complications
Authors: Furman E. G. , Shadrina V. V. , Maksimycheva T. Yu. , Sherman V. D. , Kondratyeva E. I.
Published: April 2021

Despite the low prevalence of cystic fibrosis (CF), the costs of treating this disease are significant for the healthcare system. The aim of this economic study was to assess the total cost of drugs per year for children with CF, depending on age and course of the disease.

Methods. For this pharmacoeconomic analysis, groups of “hypothetical” patients were formed according to the characteristics of the course of CF, taking into account the required volume of basic CF therapy, antibiotic therapy, and complications.

Results. The cost of basic treatment for CF patients of different ages and disease progression in the hypothetical patient models can vary greatly. The cost of CF therapy increases significantly with age and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection, especially in the patients with chronic infection, concomitant polyposis sinusitis, and low nutritional status.

Conclusion. Patients with CF require regular follow-up with control of the microflora of the respiratory tract and effective eradication therapy for P. aeruginosa and other pathogenic microorganisms. Reducing infection rates and the severity of the disease can lead to significant cost savings.
Synchronous Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Breast Ductal Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Moradi Tabriz Hedieh , Eftekhar Javadi Arezoo , Zandnejadi Atieh , Yazdankhah Adel , Hajebi Reza
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer was the most frequent cause of cancer-induced death among middle-aged (20- 59) women in the last decade. In contrast, the incidence rates of thyroid cancer have begun to stabilize in recent years. The synchronous neoplasms of thyroid and breast cancers are very rare in clinical settings. The current study presented a case of synchronous Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) and breast ductal carcinoma in a 37-year-old woman. It is proposed that the mechanism of these synchronous primary tumors is associated with an interaction between the breast and thyroid hormonal responses. It is essential to examine breast tissue in patients with thyroid carcinoma or vice versa. In our case, although axillary sentinel lymph node was free from the tumor, cervical lymph nodes were involved by breast carcinoma; suggesting the importance of cervical examination in breast cancer patients.
Osteoid Osteoma of Mandible as an Uncommon Site: A Case Report
Authors: Moradi Tabriz Hedieh , Nazar Elham , Eftekhar Javadi Arezo
Published: April 2021

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone-forming tumor. Besides, it is small and painful, consisting of osteoid and woven bone, and surrounded by a thick layer of reactive bone formation. The tumor is self-limited or needs to be removed by surgery. This report describes a 16-year-old male with congenital deafness who presented with a right mandibular swelling initiated 2 years ago. The patient underwent excisional surgery. Histological examinations revealed a benign bone-forming tumor, compatible with osteoid osteoma. Radiologic and histologic correlation confirmed the diagnosis. Base on the diagnosis, the patient received no more treatment. After 4 years of close follow-up examinations, no recurrence was observed in the patient. Osteoid osteoma is often confused with numerous other entities in uncommon sites. Thus, imaging and histologic correlations are required. Proper diagnosis is necessary for further patient management in this respect.
Relationship between the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Based on Tehran Heart Center’s Data Registry
Authors: Omidi Negar , Sadeghian Saeed , Salarifar Mojtaba , Jalali Arash , Hesameddin Abbasi Seyed , Yavari Negin , Ghorashi Seyyed Mojtaba , Alidoosti Mohammad , Poorhosseini Hamidreza
Published: April 2021

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. We sought to evaluate the correlation between the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and conventional coronary artery risk factors in a large cohort of patients with ACS.
Methods: This study included all patients admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of ACS between 2003 and 2017. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) unstable angina and 2) myocardial infarction. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of the risk factors and extension of coronary artery stenosis in patients with ACS according to the Gensini score.
Results: Of a total 40 319 patients who presented with ACS, 18 862 patients (mean age =60.4±11.14 y, male: 67.2%) underwent conventional coronary angiography and met our criteria to enter the final analysis. The median of the Gensini score was 50 (25–88) in the study population. The multivariable analysis showed that age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, family history, cigarette smoking, opium consumption, and myocardial infarction increased the risk of positive Gensini scores. All the aforementioned risk factors, except cigarette smoking and opium consumption, increased the severity of stenosis in those with positive Gensini scores. The strongest relationship was seen vis-à-vis myocardial infarction, sex, and diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that age, sex, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, family history, and myocardial infarction have significant effects on the severity of CAD. The obesity paradox in relation to CAD should be taken into consideration and needs further investigation in patients with ACS.
One-Year Outcome of Patients with Coronary Artery Ectasia Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Clinical Implications and Question Marks
Authors: Amirzadegan Alireza , Sadre-Bafghi Seyed-Ali , Ghodsi Saeed , Soleimani Hamidreza , Mohebi Mehrnaz , Nematipour Ebrahim , Haji-Zeinali Ali-Mohammad , Salarifar Mojtaba , Pourhosseini Hamidreza , Nozari Yones , Tajdini Masih , Aghajani Hassan , Alidoosti Mohammad , Jenab Yaser , Omidi Negar , Jalali Arash , Hosseini Zahra
Published: April 2021

Background: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is a rare condition with unclear pathophysiology, optimal treatment, and prognosis. We aimed to determine the prognostic implications of CAE following coronary angioplasty.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 385 patients, including 87 subjects with CAE, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were considered to consist of mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), repeated revascularization, and stroke.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 57.31±6.70 years. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that patients with diabetes, ST-segment–elevation MI at presentation, and high thrombus grades were more likely to have suboptimal postPCI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow. However, CAE was not a predictor of a decreased TIMI flow (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.78–8.32; P=0.391). The Cox-regression model showed that CAE, the body mass index, and a family history of MI were risk factors for MACE, while short lesion lengths (<20 vs >20 mm) had an inverse relationship. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the prediction of MACE in the presence of CAE was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.08–4.78; P=0.391). All-cause mortality (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 0.12–3.81; P=0.830) and nonfatal MI (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.72–4.21; P=0.341) occurred similarly in the CAE and non-CAE groups. Conversely, CAE increased urgent repeat revascularization (HR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.13–5.86; P=0.013)
Conclusion: Although CAE had no substantial short-term prognostic effects on post-PCI TIMI flow, considerable concerns regarding adverse outcomes emerged during our extended follow-up. Stringent follow-ups of these patients should be underscored due to the high likelihood of urgent revascularization.
A Case of Coronary Cameral Fistula: When and How to Intervene?
Authors: Peighambari Mehdi , Pakbaz Marziyeh , Alizadehasl Azin , Hosseini Saeid , Pouraliakbar Hamidreza
Published: April 2021

Coronary artery fistulas constitute a rare anomaly defined as an abnormal communication between a coronary artery and a great vessel or any cardiac chamber. The majority of these fistulas arise from the right coronary artery and the left anterior descending coronary artery; the circumflex coronary artery is rarely involved. We present an unusual case of a coronary artery fistula in a middle-aged woman who presented with symptoms of heart failure and abnormal auscultation. Echocardiography and conventional and computed tomography angiography showed that the coronary fistula originated from the left circumflex coronary artery and drained majorly into the right ventricle. Given the complex anatomy of the fistula, we managed it surgically rather than percutaneously. There were no complications early after surgery and at 1 year’s follow-up.
A Nonobstructive Cyst in the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract of a Patient with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hadadi Marjan , Hosseinsabet Ali , Bozorgi Ali , Bozorgi Ali
Published: April 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
The nursing profession should participate in the creation of any future health-care system
Authors: Hallberg Ingalill Rahm
Published: April 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
End-stage kidney disease and COVID-19: An incentive to consider other renal replacement therapies
Authors: Hejazi Sima Sadat , Hosseini Meimanat , Ebadi Abbas , Alavi Majd Hamid
Published: April 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Impact of using question prompt list on shared decision making in the cancer patient: A systematic review
Authors: Negarandeh Reza , Yazdani Zahra , Ramtin Sarina , Janani Leila
Published: April 2021

Background & Aim: Shared decision making belongs to the continuum between the two decision-making paradigms of the paternalistic perspective and the client’s complete independence. Various interventions, including the Question Prompt List have been developed to facilitate patients’ participation in counseling. This study aims to investigate the effects of question prompt list on shared decision making among cancer patients.
Methods & Materials: For this study, the researchers performed a systematic review of the manuscripts available in Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases which were published until January 2021. And then, the eligible studies investigating the effect of question prompt list on shared decision making were included in the study. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.
Results: Two eligible papers were included in the study, and it was reported that question prompt list was provided before the patients’ consultation with the physician. Both studies have used OPTION 12 to measure shared decision making. The two articles reported that patient communication aid and question prompt list had no significant effect on improving shared decision making through OPTION 12.
Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review could not confirm the impact of using question prompt list on shared decision making. more preliminary studies are needed to answer the question expressed by this systematic review study.
The influence of anxiety and depression on Korean lupus patients’ quality of life
Authors: Cho Ok-Hee , Hwang Kyung-Hye , Lim Jongmi
Published: April 2021

Background & Aim: Approximately 40% of lupus patients experience anxiety and depression. This study aimed to determine the effects of anxiety and depression on lupus patients’ quality of life.
Methods & Materials: This study adopted a correlational predictive survey design. Using convenience sampling, we recruited 117 patients who had been diagnosed with lupus at a general tertiary hospital in Korea. Structured questionnaires were used to assess their demographic and clinical characteristics, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Lupus Quality of Life. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis and were performed with the SAS program (version 9.4).
Results: The participants obtained a mean overall quality of life score of 63.49 out of 100. The highest and lowest means emerged for physical health and burden to others, respectively. Anxiety emerged as the strongest predictor of quality of life, followed by disease activity, depression, and duration since diagnosis. These variables explained 53 % of the variance in lupus patients’ quality of life.
Conclusion: Medical professionals should pay close attention to each lupus patient's disease activity and duration to improve his or her quality of life. In particular, multidisciplinary efforts are needed to take proactive steps to screen for anxiety and depression in lupus patients.
The effects of a tailored postoperative delirium prevention intervention after coronary artery bypass graft: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abbasinia Mohammad , Babaii Atye , Nadali Zahra , Pakzaban Samaneh , Abbasi Mohammad , Shamali Mahdi
Published: April 2021

Background & Aim: Delirium is a frequent complication in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit following cardiac surgery. This study aimed to assess the effect of a tailored delirium preventive intervention on postoperative delirium and agitation reduction and length of intensive care unit stay in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graf.
Methods & Materials: In this single-blinded, single-center, randomized controlled design, 60 patients from a hospital in Qom, Iran, were randomly allocated to an intervention or a control group. In the control group, patients received routine care. In the intervention group, patients received routine care, a video tutorial, and the Hospital Elder Life Program. Outcomes were measured using the Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit, Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale, and length of intensive care unit stay in the second and third days after coronary artery bypass graft.
Results: There were no significant differences in the rate of delirium episodes and mean scores of RASS between both groups in the second (P=0.301; P=0.125) and third days (P=0.389; P=0.057) after surgery, respectively. However, the mean duration of intensive care unit stays after surgery was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (P=0.042).
Conclusion: This study indicated the tailored delirium prevention intervention could reduce the length of intensive care unit stay. However, the intervention did not reduce postoperative delirium episodes, nor did the intervention improve the RASS scores in the second and third days after coronary artery bypass graft. A future large multicenter trial with long-term follow-up is needed to assess further the effect of such an intervention.
Adaptability and cohesion of families in times of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fernandes Carla Sílvia , Magalhães Bruno , Silva Sílvia , Edra Beatriz
Published: April 2021

Background & Aim: This Covid-19 pandemic represents a threat and a crisis for families' well-being. According to the Olson Circumplex Model, this study aimed to assess the family functioning through the components of cohesion and adaptability of Portuguese families during this pandemic.
Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive, exploratory, and correlational study. A nonprobabilistic and convenience sample consisted of 376 people. Sociodemographic data, the family's characterization, the type of housing, the Vital Duvall cycle phase was collected from the participants, and FACES II was used to assess family cohesion and adaptability. The reliability of this instrument is high. The instruments for data collection were organized and sent through Google® forms, including the Informed Consent Form. The data were analyzed by SPSS-26 software using non-parametric tests were used for inferential analysis.
Results: The results showed that 14,6% have a disengaged family cohesion; 7,4% have a very rigid dimension in family adaptability, and about the type of family, 6,1% have an unbalanced dimension.
Conclusion: Although on average, the participants have a connected family cohesion and family flexible adaptability, many participants have extreme values, under which it will be necessary to intervene. It is a priority for family nursing to understand the experience of families living in this current social, economic, and health context.
“Celastrol” for Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Law Siukan , Wingnang Leung Albert , Xu Chuanshan
Published: April 2021

The article's abstract is not available.