bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Διερεύνηση και αξιολόγηση των προοπτικών αειφόρου ανάπτυξης του διασυνοριακού Πάρκου Πρεσπών, με βάση τις αντιλήψεις και απόψεις επαγγελματιών του πρωτογενούς τομέα Ελλάδας - Αλβανίας - Β. Μακεδονίας
Authors: Λάτσιου Άννα
Published: February 2024

Το πάρκο Πρεσπών, αποτελεί μια διασυνοριακή προστατευόμενη περιοχή στα σύνορα της Ελλάδας, της Αλβανίας και της Βόρειας Μακεδονίας. Πρόκειται για ένα από τα πολυτιμότερα φυσικά οικοσυστήματα της Ευρώπης, με την τοπική οικονομία να στηρίζεται κυρίως στον πρωτογενή τομέα. Η συνύπαρξη του ανθρώπινου στοιχείου και της προστατευόμενης φύσης με τρόπο αρμονικό και βιώσιμο αποτελεί το κρισιμότερο ζήτημα στη διαχείρισή του, καθώς λόγω του διαφορετικού ρυθμού ανάπτυξης των τριών χωρών που ενισχύεται μεταξύ άλλων και από τη μη ένταξη της Αλβανίας και της Βόρειας Μακεδονίας στην ΕΕ, παρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερες δυσκολίες στην πράξη. Η συνεργασία τοπικών κοινωνιών και ενδιαφερόμενων μερών, καθώς και η εμπλοκή τους στη λήψη αποφάσεων μέσω συμμετοχικών διαδικασιών, αναδεικνύεται διαχρονικά σε ένα χρήσιμο εργαλείο διαχείρισης, καθώς συμβάλει στην ευαισθητοποίηση και ενημέρωση των κατοίκων, στην ανάληψη προσωπικής πρωτοβουλίας και ευθύνης και στην υιοθέτηση ορθών αντιλήψεων και πρακτικών. Στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας διατριβής, εφαρμόστηκαν συμμετοχικές διαδικασίες σε 420 επαγγελματίες του πρωτογενούς τομέα σε 13 διαφορετικά σημεία του πάρκου και στις 3 χώρες, με στόχο την αξιολόγηση των απόψεων και συμπεριφορών τους σχετικά με την προστασία και διαχείριση της περιοχής τους. Για την επεξεργασία των αποτελεσμάτων, αναπτύχθηκε η μέθοδος PCP, ένα εργαλείο ποσοτικοποίησης της πληροφορίας των ερωτηματολογίων, που βασίστηκε στην επιλογή και αντιστοίχιση ερωτημάτων σε τρεις βασικούς άξονες της συμμετοχικής διαδικασίας τη συμμετοχή (Participation), τη συνεργασία (Cooperation) και τη διατήρηση (Preservation). Η ανάλυση των απόψεων των συμμετεχόντων στην έρευνα, ανέδειξε τη θέληση τους να συμμετέχουν στη λήψη αποφάσεων για τοπικά θέματα και τη διάθεσή τους να συνεργαστούν προκειμένου να συμβάλλουν στη βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη του πάρκου. H μέθοδος PCP μπορεί να αποτελέσει ένα χρήσιμο εργαλείο αξιολόγησης αποτελεσμάτων των συμμετοχικών διαδικασιών, να υποστηρίξει μελλοντικές αντίστοιχες έρευνες, αλλά και να χρησιμοποιηθεί από υπηρεσίες και φορείς που εμπλέκονται στη λήψη αποφάσεων διαχείρισης.
Typhoid diagnosis and associated prevailing drug resistance in Mbale city, Uganda
Authors: GIDUDU SAMUEL , Nakavuma Jesca , Muhanguzi Dennis , Mutebi Francis , Itabangi Herbert , Iramiot Jacob
Published: February 2024

Background The study aimed at determining the predictive values of Widal’s test against culture and the antimicrobial sensitivity profile of Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) isolates from patients attending private health facilities in Mbale city, Uganda. This was to provide evidence-based information to policy implementers for guideline enforcement. Methods This was a quantitative cross-sectional study in which 172 participants were recruited. Blood and stool samples collected were cultured; and to each stool sample the following tests were done; Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD), Salmonella Shigella agar (SSA), and MacConkey. Isolates suggestive for S. typhi were examined with triple sugar iron (TSI) and SIM (Sulphur, indole, and motile) and antibiotic sensitivity test (Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem, Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Augmentin for sensitivity testing) conducted with Mueller Hinton respectively. Generated data was entered in the Epidemiological information (Epi Info) software (version 7) and analyzed using the contingency table to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and the negative predictive value. The analysis was then presented in form of graphs and tables. Results The positive predictive value (PPV) for Widal’s test was 6.8% while the negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%. Three isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (3, 100%) and Imipenem (3, 100%), intermediate to Ceftriaxone (2, 67%) and resistant to Chloramphenicol (2, 67%) and Augmentin (2, 67%). Conclusion In comparison with culture, Widal’s test is highly sensitive (100%) with a low specificity of 76% and PPV (6.8%) and NPV (100%). It should therefore be followed up with a more specific confirmatory test. S. typhi was highly sensitive to both Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem; and resistant Chloramphenicol and Augmentin.
The genome sequence of the little shaggy moss, Rhytidiadelphus loreus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Hylocomiaceae)
Authors: Bell David , Kungu Elizabeth ,   Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Genome Acquisition Lab,   Plant Genome Sizing collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics Team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual Rhytidiadelphus loreus gametophyte (the little shaggy moss; Bryophyta; Bryopsida; Hypnales; Hylocomiaceae). The genome sequence is 407.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The organelle genomes have also been assembled, and the mitochondrial genome is 104.81 kilobases and the plastid genome 124.83 kilobases in length.
Preparing a Future Teacher to Implement Psychological and Pedagogical Support of Intellectually Gifted Schoolchildren: a Confidential Experiment
Authors: Nikitina E. , Ivanova L.
Published: February 2024

This article presents the features of preparing a future teacher to provide psychological and pedagogical support for intellectually gifted students. The authors determine the components, criteria and methods for diagnosing the readiness of future teachers to provide psychological and pedagogical support to intellectually gifted students.
Social Competence Development of the Future Engineer of the Agricultural Sector
Authors: Mizyurova E.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the topical issue of determining the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of social competence of the future engineer of the agricultural sector. The author of the article points out the importance of the educational system of the university in the development of this competence. The issues of successful implementation of educational work based on competence-based and project-based approaches are analyzed. The development of students' social competence is achieved not by one-time actions, but by purposeful, systematic work, large-scale joint projects in which young people take an active part.
Uczenie się w perspektywie biograficzności. Perspektywa andragogiczna
Authors: Golonka-Legut Joanna Anna
Published: February 2024

Chęć zrozumienia istoty/specyfiki procesu uczenia się człowieka od wielu lat intryguje badaczy, prowokując ich do podejmowania różnego rodzaju aktywności poznawczych. Warto jednak dostrzec, że pomimo wielu ważnych rozstrzygnięć definicyjnych pytania dotyczące natury procesu uczenia się wciąż pozostają bez jednoznacznych odpowiedzi. Myślenie andragogów od wielu lat koncentruje się na aktywności i roli jednostki w procesie całożyciowego uczenia się oraz bliskiej relacji: indywidualne doświadczenie życiowe – proces uczenia się – biograficzność. Badacze dostrzegają nie tylko potencjał edukacyjny indywidualnych doświadczeń życiowych (uczenie się w trakcie życia), ale również wartość refleksji nad biografią, która to staje się źródłem biograficznego uczenia się. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi głos w dyskusji dotyczącej uczenia się i biograficzności. Prezentowane treści odnoszą się do takich wątków jak: rozumienie biografii z perspektywy andragogicznej, proces biograficznego uczenia się. Całość podejmowanych rozważań kończy refleksja na temat relacji: proces uczenia się – biograficzność.
Anticipated Wait and Its Effects on Consumer Choice, Pricing, and Assortment Management
Authors: Wang Ruxian , Ke Chenxu , Zhao Zifeng
Published: February 2024

Problem definition: We investigate the effects of waiting time, mainly due to production in a make-to-batch-order (MTBO) system, on consumer choice behavior, pricing, assortment, and model estimation. In an MTBO system, the seller/manufacturer first collects orders placed within a certain period of time into a batch and then starts the production process. After the production of all orders in a batch are complete, the products are then shipped and delivered to individual consumers. Because of batch production and shipping, the disutility of the waiting time exhibits negative externality. Methodology/results: We adopt the widely used multinomial logit (MNL) model as a starting point and incorporate the anticipated wait into consumers’ decision making. The derived model, referred to as the MNL with wait model, is a solution of the rational expectation equilibrium and is capable of capturing the effects of negative externality induced by anticipated wait that may change the substitution patterns dramatically. We characterize the multiproduct price optimization problem under the MNL with wait model by establishing a one-to-one mapping between the price vector and the choice probability vector. We find that firms tend to charge higher prices for time-consuming items and charge lower prices for time-saving items compared with the optimal prices under the standard MNL model. In addition to price competition, we also study the Cournot-type competition, in which the decision is the choice probability for each firm and establish the existence of a Nash equilibrium. For assortment optimization, we identify mild conditions under which the optimality of revenue-ordered assortments still holds. However, the assortment problem under the MNL with wait model is generally NP-hard, so we develop approximation algorithms with performance guarantees and provide an easy-to-compute tight upper bound. Moreover, we develop an efficient maximum likelihood-based algorithm for model calibration and further conduct numerical studies to showcase the importance of incorporating disutility due to wait in estimation, pricing, and assortment planning problems. Managerial implications: The MNL with wait model can increase prediction accuracy for consumers’ choice behavior especially when they are aware of the potential wait. Failure to take into account the effects of anticipated wait in firms’ decision making may lead to substantial losses.

Funding: The research of C. Ke is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72101113].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2020.0346 .
Research Roundup
Authors: Pepper Amy , Dening Karen Harrison
Published: February 2024

Amy Pepper and Karen Harrison Dening provide a synopsis and brief review of a selection of recently published research articles that are of interest to neuroscience nurses, highlighting key points to keep you up to date; a full reference is provided for those who wish to read the research in more detail
New guidance on sodium valproate prescribing
Authors: Thomas Sue
Published: February 2024

At the end of November 2023, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency published a UK-wide National Patient Safety Alert relating to the use of sodium valproate in men and women with epilepsy. Sue Thomas outlines the rationale for this and the implications for nurses who are caring for patients who might be taking this medication.
Nursing interventions for dyspnoea management among inpatients with cancer in palliative care
Authors: Kero Johanna , Koivisto Jaana-Maija , Kuusisto Anne , Kesonen Pauliina , Haavisto Elina
Published: February 2024

Background:

Dyspnoea, a commonly reported symptom among patients with cancer, necessitates the need for appropriate non-pharmacological interventions for its management and suitable assessment scales.

Aims:

To explore the nursing interventions and assessment scales for managing dyspnoea in patients with cancer receiving palliative care.

Methods:

Systematic review. Five databases (CINAHL Complete, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched, and seven studies were identified. Only studies that comprised randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomised controlled trials or quasi-experimental settings were included.

Findings:

Nursing interventions, that support a patient's physical breathing and mental functioning, are effective in managing dyspnoea. It is crucial to use both subjective and physical assessment methods to accurately measure the outcomes of these interventions.

Conclusion:

These interventions have been proven to be effective, with outcomes centred on changes in physiological measurements and patients' subjective expressions.
Diversity of universal stress protein in Enterobacteriales and its reduced expressions on Pectobacterium brasiliense after manuka honey treatment
Authors: CHOTIMAH CHOTIMAH , SOFFAN ALAN , JOKO TRI
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Chotimah, Soffan A, Joko T. 2024. Diversity of universal stress protein in Enterobacteriales and its reduced expressions on Pectobacterium brasiliense after manuka honey treatment. Biodiversitas 25: 49-52. Universal stress proteins (Usps) support the survival of an organism by increasing their expressions under stress conditions, which include nutritional deficiencies, heat shock, and antibiotics. However, the expression of uspA in Staphylococcus aureus decreased after manuka honey exposure. Manuka honey also inhibits the growth of Pectobacterium brasiliense, although its effect on the usp gene of this soft-rot pathogen has never been studied. This study aimed to determine the diversity of Usps in P. brasiliense and their orthologs from Enterobacteriales using phylogenetic analysis. The effects of manuka honey on usp gene expressions were also investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and pathogenicity assay of P. brasiliense on Chinese cabbage. The results revealed that the UspA, UspB, and UspE of P. brasiliense had the closest similarity to those of P. carotovorum. By contrast, UspG had the closest similarity to P. polaris. The usp gene expressions were downregulated by 5, 16, 10, and 62% in 5% (w/v) manuka honey treatment. When tested on Chinese cabbage, P. brasiliense treated with manuka honey caused smaller lesion symptoms than those in the control treatment. This reduced virulence of P. brasiliense may be related to the reduced expression of usp genes triggered by manuka honey.
High-throughput analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing of bacterial communities associated in selected mangrove species from Bayug Island, Iligan City, Philippines
Authors: SIBLOS STEFENIE KATRIN V. , TABUGO SHARON ROSE
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Siblos SKV, Tabugo SR. 2023. High-throughput analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing of bacterial communities associated in selected mangrove species from Bayug Island, Iligan City, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 53-61. Mangrove ecosystems are recognized globally as highly productive ecosystems, that play a crucial role in carbon sequestration, erosion control, water purification, and as essential breeding grounds for diverse aquatic life. They also offer specialized ecological niches, accommodating a diverse range of organisms, including bacterial communities. This study aimed to investigate bacterial communities of Bayug Island in Iligan City, Philippines, inhabiting six mangrove species, namely Rhizophora stylosa Griffith, Rhizophora apiculata Blume, Rhizophora mucronata Lam., Sonneratia alba Sm., Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob., and Nypa fruticans Wurmb and their possible functions within the mangrove forests. Genomic DNA was extracted from the six pooled soil samples, and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Six amplicon libraries, corresponding to the mangrove species were analyzed with Parallel Meta Suite software, yielding 173,270 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) after quality control. The study identified the top five most abundant ASVs in the mangrove rhizosphere, linked to the genera Vibrio, Stenotrophomonas, Serratia, Pseudoalteromonas, and Achromobacter. Among the mangrove species, S. alba exhibited higher alpha diversity according to the Shannon index. PICRUSt analysis revealed that microorganisms are involved in biodegradation, xenobiotic metabolism, and other metabolic processes within the mangroves. These bacteria could find applications in environmental cleanup, bioremediation, waste treatment, and soil health improvement. This result contributes to the ongoing ecological restoration of mangrove forests at the research site.
Species richness and dispersion patterns of Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera) in the Nuraksa Forest Park, Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: ILHAMDI MOHAMMAD LIWA , AL IDRUS AGIL , SANTOSO DIDIK , HADIPRAYITNO GITO , SYAZALI MUHAMMAD , HARIADI ISMAWAN
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Ilhamdi ML, Idrus AA, Santoso D, Hadiprayitno G, Syazali M, Hariadi I. 2023. Species richness and dispersion patterns of Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera) in the Nuraksa Forest Park, Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 62-70. Butterflies play an important role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems and pollinators. This study aims to analyze the species richness and dispersion patterns of butterflies from the Rhopalocera suborder in this area. The field survey was carried out from January to July 2023. The sampling site was divided into six areas. Specimens that were successfully collected using a hand net were identified at the Biological Laboratory of Mataram University. During this survey, 1576 specimens of Rhopalocera were recorded. This number consists of 47 species. Several species, such as Junonia atlites Linnaeus, 1763, Junonia almana Linnaeus, 1758, Danaus genutia Cramer, 1779, Hypolimnas misippus Linnaeus, 1764, and Amathusia phidippus Linnaeus, 1763 were found to be new records in the Nuraksa Forest Park area. The habitat types with the highest number of species are the utilization block and the traditional block, with 47 species. The habitat type with the lowest number of species is a special block with only 15 species. However, the highest species richness was found in the protection block, with an R-value of 8.09. The most dominant species is Leptosia nina Fabricius, 1793, and the least dominant is A. phidippus. Each species depicted a varying distribution in the six habitat types. According to the analysis results, it was found that the dispersion pattern of all Rhopalocera species is clustered. The research results themselves contribute to conservation and ecotourism efforts.
Applications of the Zingiberaceae in traditional medicine among the Dayak Tamambaloh Tribe in Labian Ira'ang and Temau Villages, Kapuas Hulu District, Indonesia
Authors: SUPIANDI MARKUS IYUS , JULUNG HENDRIKUS , SUSANTI YUDITA , SYAFRUDDIN DIDIN , GANDASARI ADRIANA , MAHANAL SUSRIYATI , ZUBAIDAH SITI
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Supiandi MI, Julung H, Susanti Y, Syafruddin D, Gandasari A, Mahanal S, Zubaidah S. 2024. Applications of the Zingiberaceae in traditional medicine among the Dayak Tamambaloh Tribe in Labian Ira'ang and Temau Villages, Kapuas Hulu District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 71-78. This indigenous knowledge remains largely undocumented, primarily in oral form and only possessed by specific individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to record the Zingiberaceae species systematically applied for traditional medicine by the Dayak Tamambaloh Tribe, Kapuas Hulu District, Indonesia through a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected from informants and recommendation sources through different stages including a literature study, semi-structured interviews, field observations, and documentation, for subsequent analysis using descriptive methods. The results showed that Labian Ira'ang Village inhabitants utilize eight Zingiberaceae species, namely lengkuas (Alpinia galanga), lalamas (A. nieuwenhuizii), kunus baute (Curcuma zedoaria), kunus kuning (C. longa), tantamu kuning (C. xanthorhiza), sakur (Kaempferia galanga), japa (Zingiber montanum), and laia (Z. officinale). Meanwhile, the tribe in Temau reported nine species, including lqngkuas (A. galanga), kunus baute (C. zedoaria), kunus (C. longa), tantamu kuning (C. xanthorhiza), katimbang (Etlingera coccinea), randar (Hornstedtia havilandii), sakur (K. galanga), japa (Z. montanum), and laiya (Z. officinale). The results show the same types of plants used by people in Labian Ira'ang and Temau Villages, although the processing methods and uses differ. The difference is due to different experiences in gaining knowledge about using plants as traditional medicine.
The Mien people's ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plant use in Thailand and Vietnam
Authors: PANYADEE PRATEEP , PONGAMORNKUL WITTAYA , VAN ON TRAN , TRONG NGHIEM DUC , GIANG PHAM THI LINH , KIM LE THIEN , INTA ANGKHANA , SIRISA-ARD PANEE , CHANSAKAOW SUNEE
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Panyadee P, Pongamornkul W, Van On T, Trong ND, Giang PTL, Kim LT, Inta A, Sirisa-Ard P, Chansakaow S. 2024. The Mien people's ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plant use in Thailand and Vietnam. Biodiversitas 25: 79-96. This study investigates the ethnomedicinal practices of the Mien people in Thailand and Vietnam, focusing on the diversity of medicinal plant usage and its implications for healthcare and traditional knowledge conservation. Through semi-structured interviews with key informants during transect walks in local forests and home gardens, data on 199 medicinal plant species were gathered, including vernacular names, plant parts used, preparation, and usage methods. Analysis revealed a significant use of these species, with 41 utilized for various health purposes in both countries, treating ailments related to reproductive systems (45 species), body strengthening (29 species), and the digestive system (21 species). In ethnobotanical practices, there were distinct preferences for plant parts. In Thailand, stems (29%), leaves (26%), whole plants (18%), and roots (14%) were predominantly used, while in Vietnam, leaves (29%), stems (24%), whole plants (19%), and roots (11%) were more common. A Spearman's rank correlation showed a strong positive correlation (0.77, p <0.001) between these preferences in both countries. The study documented 81 ailments across 23 health categories. Thailand reported 45 ailments in 20 categories, and Vietnam 67 in 19 categories. Reproductive health, musculoskeletal health, and body wellness strengthening were pivotal, with strong correlations in healthcare practices between the countries (correlation 0.75, p <0.001). Reproductive Health mainly involved postpartum treatment, Musculoskeletal Health focused on pain relief and rheumatism treatments, and Body Wellness Strengthening used plants as tonics and for relaxation. This research underscores the importance of preserving traditional knowledge and the potential of traditional medicine in rural healthcare. It also highlights the scope and focus of the Mien communities' healthcare practices, providing valuable insights for future research and drug development.
The addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen to increase fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population in ruminants
Authors: AGUSTINA SINTA , WIRYAWAN KOMANG GEDE , SUHARTI SRI , MERYANDINI ANJA
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Agustina S, Wiryawan KG, Suharti S, Meryandini A. 2024. The addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen to increase fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population in ruminants. Biodiversitas 25: 107-115. Rumen microbes have an important role in the rumen. Anaerobic fungi are microbes needed in the forage digestion process in the rumen. The addition of microbes, particularly anaerobic fungi is essential to increase the digestibility of forage within rumen. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen to increase fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population in sheep rumen. The in vitro tests were carried out using the Tilley and Terry method, using elephant grass and rice straw as tested forage. Piromyces sp. (F1, and F3), Caecomyces sp. (F2, and F5), and Neocallimastix frontalis (F4) isolates from buffalo rumen were used as tested anaerobic fungi. The result showed that the addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen significantly affected fiber digestibility (Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose) except lignin digestibility. The addition of N. frontalis had higher fiber digestibility which is 49.02% NDF digestibility, 42.11% ADF digestibility, 44.28% hemicellulose digestibility, and 38.60% cellulose digestibility. Furthermore, N. frontalis also significantly increased In vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (IVDMD), In vitro Organic Matter Digestibility (IVOMD), ammonium (NH3) production, total Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) production, and microbial population compared to Piromyces sp., and Caecomyces sp. In conclusion, anaerobic fungus type N. frontalis showed promising potential to be used as a ruminant probiotic due to its superior effect on fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population compared to Caecomyces sp. and Piromyces sp.
Bioactive compounds and DPPH antioxidant activity of underutilized macroalgae (Sargassum spp.) from coastal water of Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: WIDYASWARI SANTIA GARDENIA , METUSALACH METUSALACH , KASMIATI KASMIATI , AMIR NURSINAH
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Widyaswari SG, Metusalach, Kasmiati, Amir N. 2024. Bioactive compounds and DPPH antioxidant activity of underutilized macroalgae (Sargassum spp.) from coastal water of Makassar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 176-182. This study focuses on determining the chemical component and potential of two species of macroalgae (seaweed) Sargassum spp., i.e., Sargassum polycystum and Sargassum ilicifolium from the coastal waters of Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Several macroalgae are highly cultivated and exported; however, these species of Sargassum remain underutilized due to limited studies on their potential. Brown algae (Phaeophyceae), especially Sargassum spp., contain secondary metabolites known for their health-promoting properties, including antioxidant effects, inhibiting oxidative stress, lowering blood pressure, and improving the immune system. The investigation analyzes the nutritional components and bioactive substances in Sargassum spp. harvested from the Makassar City coastal waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Nutritional content was analyzed using proximate analysis. Phytochemical screening was conducted based on the method by Harborne method. Antioxidant activity was performed using the DPPH method. Total phenolic/flavonoid content based on spectrophotometric method. The investigation reveals the primary chemical composition of Sargassum polycystum showing the presence of valuable secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol hydroquinone, and reactive saponins. Sargassum ilicifolium contains flavonoids, phenol hydroquinone, tannins, and steroids. The IC50 values for the antioxidant activity of S. polycystum and S. ilicifolium were 51.34 ppm and 51.25 ppm, respectively. The compounds in these seaweeds might be beneficial in promoting health. These findings suggest the possibility of underutilized seaweeds as a natural source of antioxidants in food and non-food industries.
The protection effort of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis Kerr, 1792) in the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: HUSODO TEGUH , MEGANTARA ERRI NOVIAR , MUTAQIN ASEP ZAINAL , KENDARTO DWI RUSTAM , WULANDARI INDRI , SHANIDA SYA SYA
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Husodo T, Megantara EN, Mutaqin AZ, Kendarto DR, Wulandari I, Shanida SS. 2024. The protection effort of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis Kerr, 1792) in the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 169-176. Humans develop various infrastructures to meet electricity needs so that it is to improve human welfare besides the increasing population. Hydropower development cannot be separated from land clearing, which damages and eliminates the habitats of wild animals, including leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis Kerr, 1792). Humans also cleared land as agricultural land to fulfill their needs. Fulfilling the needs of electricity and agriculture is necessary to improve human welfare. Besides, leopard cats need a suitable habitat to meet their needs. Therefore, protection effort is required to fulfill leopard cats' and humans' needs. The study aims to reveal the protection efforts in the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage, West Java, Indonesia. A qualitative approach was applied through literature reviews. The protection effort of leopard cats was conducted through stakeholder participation in the UCPS area. As the initiator, Indonesia Hydropower Company (PT. PLN) involves various stakeholders related to the construction of the UCPS hydropower plant, including Perum Perhutani, contractors, and the local people. Indonesia Hydropower Company (PT. PLN) protects leopard cats by managing the impacts produced by the UCPS hydropower plant and biodiversity.
Analysis of the difference in endophytic bacterial community structure between infected and non-infected rice plants with rice bakanae disease
Authors: YU YANMIN , LIU HAIYING , XU ZHENHUA , YAN PING , WU HONGTAO , WU LICHENG
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Yu Y, Liu H, Xu Z, Yan P, Wu H, Wu L. 2024. Analysis of the difference in endophytic bacterial community structure between infected and non-infected rice plants with rice bakanae disease. Biodiversitas 25: 197-204. Rice bakanae disease, caused by the main pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi, is an important fungal disease that seriously threatens rice production. This study analyzed the effect of Fusarium fujikuroi on the community structure and diversity of endophytic bacteria in different rice tissues. The total DNA of different tissues, such as root, stem, and leaf, was extracted after artificial inoculation, and the bacterial 16SrRNA gene library was constructed. The high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the biological information of bacterial community composition, diversity and function. The results showed that a total of 467841 effective sequences were obtained. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity and richness of the endophytic bacterial community in infected plants were higher than in non-infected plants. At the phylum level, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla. The infection of rice seedling bacteria causes changes in the abundance of endophytic bacteria in rice. Compared with non-infected plants, the abundance of Streptophyta and Acidovorax in the root decreased by 1.29 and 0.74%, respectively. The abundance of Geobacter, Devosia, Pleomorphomonas, and Herbaspirillum increased by 1.05, 1.55, 1.28, and 1.76%, while the abundance of Streptophyta in stem decreased by 7.83%. The abundance of Xanthomonas, Acidovorax, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas increased by 1.55, 1.49, 1.11 and 1.15%, whereas the abundance of Streptophyta in the leaf decreased by 12.03%, Actinomycetales, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas are significant biological differences between different tissues of infected and non-infected plants. The study provides a theoretical basis for the biological control of rice bakanae disease.
The role of local pigs for economic and socio-cultural in East Flores District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Keray Arkadius Suban , Widiati Rini , Kusumastuti Tri Anggraeni
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Keray AS, Widiati R, Kusumastuti TA. 2024. The role of local pigs for economic and socio-cultural in East Flores District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 214-222. This study was conducted to identify the cultural activities related to swine rearing in East Flores District and analyze the decision making in choosing the types of rearing practice. Based on the survey using questionnaires from 120 pig farmers, which was conducted purposive, were those who had at least three sows for breeding, fattening with five heads of pigs, and combined with sows and sires. To identify the role of local pigs, as many as 3 informants consist of traditional leaders, farmers, and Agriculture Extension Officers, and analyzed by multinomial logistic regression model. The results showed that the traditional rituals that required the sacrifice of pigs included the ceremonies marking the start of building residential and traditional community buildings and dowry (belis)  presentation in a wedding ceremony. The decision-making in choosing the rearing practice was influenced by pig ownership, care system (P<0.01), and income (P<0.05). Farmers who have small scale will choose extensive and fattening systems to reduce feed costs. Those practicing breeding are still maintaining local breeds because traditional rituals require it. Further efforts are needed to increase the populations of local breeds as well as cross-bred pigs to maintain the ceremonies in traditional rituals and income generation.
Morphoanatomy and physiology of Swietenia macrophylla in different light environments: Insights into its invasive ability in the Philippines
Authors: AGOTO JR. REGULOS NOLASCO , HERNANDEZ JONATHAN OGAYON , PARK BYUNG BAE
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Agoto Jr. RNA, Hernandez JO, Park BB. 2024. Morphoanatomy and physiology of Swietenia macrophylla in different light environments: Insights into its invasive ability in the Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 257-263. Evidence supporting Swietenia macrophylla G.King's invasive ability is primarily inferential to date. The present study analyzed the variation in morphoanatomical and physiological traits of the species between shaded and sun-exposed environments to provide insights into its invasive ability in the Philippines. The variations in leaf area, seedling height, leaf pH, biomass, parenchyma and collenchyma cell thickness, lumen area of xylem vessels, stomatal conductance, and leaf relative water content were analyzed between shaded and sun-exposed light conditions. While stem and leaf biomass did not differ between the two light conditions, root biomass was 27% higher in the shaded than in the sun-exposed seedlings. Leaf pH was substantially lower in the shaded than in the sun-exposed condition. The vessel lumen area in both leaf and root was significantly larger in shaded than in sun-exposed condition by 10-15%. The parenchyma of seedlings in the shady area of the forest was thicker (c.a., 1-2 layers) compared to those in the well-lit environment, particularly in the leaf and root. While stomatal conductance was similar between the two light environments, shaded ones had a much larger leaf relative water content, up by 9-12%. Overall, we found significant morphoanatomical and physiological variations between shaded and sun-exposed seedlings, indicating invasive species' light-capture strategy and providing insights into S. macrophylla's invasive potential in the Philippines.
Short Communication: Photogrammetric analysis of the number and pattern of dorsal cranium scale of juvenile green iguana (Iguana iguana)
Authors: RAMADHANI BAGUS FAUZUL , YULIANI M. GANDUL ATIK , HENDARTI GRACIA ANGELINA , PALUPI TANTRI DYAH WHIDI , ROSYADA ZULFI NUR AMRINA , SOEHARSONO SOEHARSONO , LUQMAN EPY MUHAMMAD , SRIANTO PUDJI , DHAMAYANTI YENI , SETIAWAN BOEDI
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Ramadhani BF, Yuliani MGA, Hendarti GA, Palupi TDW, Rosyada ZNA, Soeharsono, Luqman EM, Srianto P, Dhamayanti Y, Setiawan B. 2024. Short Communication: Photogrammetric analysis of the number and pattern of dorsal cranium scale of juvenile green iguana (Iguana iguana). Biodiversitas 25: 264-268. Pet animals can significantly positively impact mental health and reduce feelings of loneliness. Due to the large number of pets under care, there is a need for an efficient and effective method of pet identification. Thus, this study aims to identify changes in the dorsal cranium scale of juvenile green iguana (Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758)) less than one year old. Dorsal cranium scales of juvenile green iguanas identified the number and pattern. Photo identification was examined for 18 green iguanas four times from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia, at 12 weeks old, 14 weeks old, 16 weeks old, and 18 weeks old. The photo was taken on a studio set, focusing on the cranium of the green iguana to get the scale pattern correctly. Photo identification was taken to find scale number and pattern determinants by analyzing the app I3S. We collated and analyzed the weekly data to test hypotheses using repeated measure ANOVA analysis in IBM SPSS 23. The data showed that the number of scales of the dorsal cranium was stable during the four photos taken, and each individual could be the same in the number of scales. The pattern of dorsal cranium scales has a stagnant pattern for each individual, and each individual is different at scale patterns, so photo identification as individual identification is possible. However, it is not possible to use it to identify the age of the iguana.
Changes in physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory quality of fermented milk with Lactiplantibacillus pentosus during cold storage
Authors: SUSMIATI SUSMIATI , MELIA SRI , KHAIRINA ILFA , ALZAHRA HURRIYA
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Susmiati, Melia S, Khairina I, Alzahra H. 2024. Changes in physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory quality of fermented milk with Lactiplantibacillus pentosus during cold storage. Biodiversitas 25: 269-275. Fermented milk is a probiotic milk product created through a fermentation process that includes the addition of lactic acid bacteria, specifically Lactiplantibacillus pentosus. Enhancing the product's organoleptic qualities and extending its shelf life are the primary objectives of milk fermentation. This study aimed to determine the levels of protein, fat, water, pH value, TTA value, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) colonies and sensory quality like taste, aroma and texture of fermented milk at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage. The results showed that protein content, fat content, water content, pH value, TTA value, and total colony LAB ranged from 5.30-6.96%, 6.01-7.49%, 72.03-88.89%, 4.78-5.17, 0.96-1.30%, 6.73-11.06 x109 CFU/mL, respectively . The overall organoleptic quality level was highest in the samples with the shortest storage time.
The first report of dark septate endophytes from Indonesian Pinus merkusii and its symbiosis role as a plant growth promoter in nursery condition
Authors: AKHIR JUMADIL , HERLIYANA ELIS NINA , SURONO SURONO , BUDI SRI WILARSO
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Akhir J, Herliyana EN, Surono, Budi SW. 2024. The first report of dark septate endophytes from Indonesian Pinus merkusii and its symbiosis role as a plant growth promoter in nursery condition. Biodiversitas 25: 312-321. To encourage the healthy growth of Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese seedlings at the seedling stage, Dark Septate Endophytic (DSE) fungi were used as growth promoters. In this study, four DSE strains, i.e., Apls 1.5.3, Pls 32.1, Hs14.6a, and Hs14.6c isolated from P. merkusii roots, were tested for their ability to stimulate the growth of P. merkusii seedlings. After 14 weeks of incubation in nursery conditions, P. merkusii seedlings inoculated with four DSE strains experienced a higher increase in height and stem diameter when compared to the control treatment. Overall, the biomass results of P. merkusii seedlings treated with the DSE strains performed better than those of the control. Root colonization of P. merkusii seedlings showed that the 4 DSE strains significantly outperformed the control. The Hs14.6c strain outperformed the other strains and controls regarding nutrient (nitrogen) uptake. The findings of this study are the first to show that the DSE Apls 1.5.3 strain is similar to Cylindroccarpon, the Hs14.6a and Hs14.6c strains are similar to Cladophialophora sp., and the Pls 32.1 strain is similar to Oncopodiella trigonella based on identification results and phylogenetic trees and can be in symbiosis with seeds of P. merkusii, a pine species native to Indonesia.
Spatial variability of organic matter in two mangrove ecosystems in Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia
Authors: RAMLI ROHAYU , PARDI FAEZAH , SINGH HARINDER RAI , ROSLANI MUHAMMAD AKMAL , AZIZ KHAIRUL NAIM ABD. , KAMARUDDIN SHARIR AIZAT
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Ramli R, Pardi F, Singh HR, Roslani MA, Aziz KNA, Kamaruddin SA. 2024. Spatial variability of organic matter in two mangrove ecosystems in Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 329-336. Organic matter is a crucial factor influencing mangroves' structure and species composition. The present study aimed to assess and compare the organic matter content in the sediment of Pulau Dayang Bunting and Sungai Kilim mangroves ecosystem in Langkawi, Kedah. The spatial variation of the organic matter contents was measured from the sediment at different zones in a line transect at each location. The mean of organic matter content recorded in the Pulau Dayang Bunting mangroves community was recorded from 13.67% to 15.74% and 13.06% to 16.57% in the Sungai Kilim mangrove community which were classified in the medium category. Results of Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in the organic matter content between mangroves communities and only organic matter content in Station 2 was significantly different at the lower, middle, and upper zones (ANOVA one way, P<0.05). Only salinity has a negative correlation with the organic matter content in the study area (r (34) = [-0.41], p = [0.014]). The upper zones exhibited a greater concentration of organic matter due to enhanced accumulation facilitated by the vertical water mixing. Mangroves age, vegetation density, salinity, and sediment types are also crucial factors in maintaining organic matter content in the mangrove ecosystem.
Genetic variation of the native Rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) in Java and Bali (Indonesia) as revealed using non-invasive sampling
Authors: IMAN M. HAFIZHUL , KUSWANDI PARAMITA CAHYANINGRUM , SUBRATA SENA ADI
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Iman MH, Kuswandi PC, Subrata SA. 2024. Genetic variation of the native Rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) in Java and Bali (Indonesia) as revealed using non-invasive sampling. Biodiversitas 25: 355-360. Rusa deer is a vulnerable species with a large geographic range but natively inhabits Java and Bali. Despite the wide distribution, its native population is declining, raising a concern about a small population's adverse genetic effect. It encourages genetic studies to provide baseline data that has been vacant recently. This research aimed to demonstrate an application of non-invasive sampling to collect DNA samples and a simple procedure to obtain and analyze genetic data for the Rusa deer. This research also aimed to provide genetic variation of the native deer population as baseline data. The research sites were Baluran, Alas Purwo in East Java, and Bali Barat national parks from which fecal samples were collected. Moreover, 20 DNA samples were isolated from the feces using a kit (Dneasy PowerSoil Pro from Qiagen) and amplified at the control region gene using a forward: AAACCAGAAAAGGAGAGCAAC and a reverse: TCATCTAGGCATTTTCAGTGCC primer. The amplicons were sequenced, and the number of Haplotypes (Hn), Haplotype diversity (Hd), nucleotide diversity (p), site polymorphism, and phylogeographic tree were determined. The result showed that all the sequences had coverage of 100% and identity >98% with the Rusa timorensis sequence available in the GenBank. Furthermore, we found Hn = 11, Hd = 0.88, p = 0.005 and 30 site polymorphisms. Therefore, compared to an introduced population, the Rusa deer has a richer Hd and higher site polymorphism but a poorer p. Furthermore, we found that the Baluran population had high Hd, p, and is possibly forming a distinct clade.
Morphological and molecular identifications of ectoparasites infesting the gills of scalloped spiny lobster Panulirus homarus Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: KISMIYATI KISMIYATI , HIDAYAT YUSUF TAUFIK , AMIN MUHAMAD
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Kismiyati, Hidayat YT, Amin M. 2024. Morphological and molecular identifications of ectoparasites infesting the gills of scalloped spiny lobster Panulirus homarus Linnaeus, 1758. Biodiversitas 25: 372-378. Ectoparasite infestation has been reported to cause stress, weaken the immune system, and disturb respiratory systems, which lead to death in cultured spiny lobsters. Many lobster farmers have reported an infestation of ectoparasites in cultured scalloped spiny lobsters in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. However, fewer studies have been conducted to identify the ectoparasite-infesting scalloped spiny lobster cultured in West-Nusa Tenggara Province. Thus, using morphological and molecular approaches, the present study aimed to identify ectoparasites infesting scalloped spiny lobsters (Panulirus homarus Linnaeus, 1758). A total of 30 scalloped spiny lobsters were collected from lobster farmers at Ekas, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, and ectoparasites were observed and identified morphologically under a microscope as well as confirmed using CO1 gene sequences. The results showed that the ectoparasites were morphologically identified as Octolasmis angulata Aurivillius, 1894 and Octolasmis lowei Darwin, 1852. Similarly, based on the mtDNA sequence of the COI region (~721 bp length), the ectoparasite was also referred to O. angulata (95.65% similarity) and Octolasmis lowei (~683 bp length) with a similarity of 98.75%. These results suggest that ectoparasite has become one potential disturbance in lobster aquaculture; therefore, preventing or curing strategies should be developed.
High-throughput analysis using 16S rRNA gene of bacterial communities present in selected bivalves and gastropods species from Bayug Island, Iligan City, Philippines
Authors: ALBARIDO NITCEL AYMIE , TABUGO SHARON ROSE
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Albarido NA, Tabugo SR. 2024. High-throughput analysis using 16S rRNA gene of bacterial communities present in selected bivalves and gastropods species from Bayug Island, Iligan City, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 431-438. Seashells, which include bivalves and gastropods, have global recognition for their significant contributions to the economy, ecology, and medicine. They hold value as a food source and are highly regarded as effective biological indicators. The objective of this study is to identify the bacterial communities present in selected edible species of bivalves (Pinctada margaritifera Linnaeus, 1758 and Anadara granosa Linnaeus, 1758) and gastropods (Canarium urceus Linnaeus, 1758 and Conus stercusmuscarum Linnaeus, 1758), through high-throughput sequencing metabarcoding. Bacterial samples were collected via a swabbing technique on the surface and inside parts of selected mollusc species, which were then placed on sterilized seawater for DNA extraction. Genomic DNA was isolated from the samples, and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Four amplicon libraries were generated, representing the two bivalve and two gastropod species in the study area. Data analysis was conducted using the Parallel Meta Suite software. Upon quality control and processing, 173,489 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained. Within the bacterial community, the most abundant genera included Stenotrophomonas, Vibrio, Serratia, Photobacterium, and Shewanella. The assessment of alpha diversity, using the Shannon index, indicated a higher diversity in A. granosa. Furthermore, the analysis using the PICRUSt algorithm within the Parallel Meta Suite unveiled the involvement of specific bacteria found in the selected gastropod and bivalve species in various functions. These functions encompass protein production, xenobiotic metabolism, biodegradation, and other metabolism-related processes, supporting these organisms' ecological and physiological roles.