bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of optimal subalgebra for the analysis of Lie symmetry, symmetry reductions, invariant solutions and conservation laws of the (3 + 1)-dimensional extended Sakovich equation
Authors: Vinita  , Saha Ray S.
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the [Formula: see text]-dimensional extended Sakovich equation, which represents an essential nonlinear scientific model in the field of ocean physics. The Lie symmetry analysis has been utilized for extracting the non-traveling wave solutions of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional extended Sakovich equation. These solutions are investigated through infinitesimal generators, which are obtained from Lie’s continuous group of transformations. As there are infinite possibilities for the linear combination of infinitesimal generators, so a one-dimensional optimal system of subalgebra has been established using Olver’s standard approach. Moreover, by considering the optimal system of subalgebra, the extended Sakovich equation is converted into a solvable nonlinear PDE through symmetry reductions. Finally, the conservation laws for the governing equation have been derived using Ibragimov’s generalized theorem and quasi-self-adjointness condition.
A Generalized Ductile Phase Field Model for Fracture Behavior of Three-Dimensional Metal Structures
Authors: Ge Xuan Yu , Ma Yu-E , Fu Nan Ke , Zhang Wei Hong , Wang Zhen Hai
Published: March 2023

The commercial finite element software is usually used to analyze the failure modes of metal structures. In this work, we present a generalized ductile phase field model to solve the fracture problems of three-dimensional metal structures. This model can be easily implemented in Abaqus software. The isotropic hardening model and exponential hardening law were used to describe plastic behavior of metals. The different element types were introduced to mesh the structures conveniently. The ductile phase field governing equations were given and solved by the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) quasi-Newton monolithic algorithm. Moreover, an efficient and accurate adaptive analytic method of the third-order real symmetric matrix was proposed to implement the tension–compression decomposition. Some typical specimens commonly used in engineering were designed and manufactured. The corresponding static and fatigue tests were carried out, and the simulation results were compared with the experimental ones. The proposed model can predict the crack initiation and propagation of arbitrary three-dimensional metal structures under tensile, shear, torsional and fatigue loading.
Battery material thermal instability and side reaction for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway: A short review
Authors: Ding Yan , Lu Li , Zhang Huangwei
Published: March 2023

Thermal runaway (TR) is one of the challenging problems in the safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The monitoring and early warning of TR events, the analysis and modeling of TR mechanisms, and the control of TR are crucial in battery safety research. This review first analyzes the three abuse factors. The identification and analysis of the characteristic temperatures in TR, including the onset temperature of self-heating, the initiation temperature of TR, and the maximum temperature of the TR are reviewed and analyzed. The heat of internal side reactions (ISRs) comes from the separate decomposition, oxidation or mutual reactions of solid electrolyte interphase, positive electrolyte interphase, positive and negative active materials, and electrolyte, which induce the gradual development of the battery towards TR. The ISR mechanism, thermodynamic and reaction kinetic characteristics are reviewed in detail.
Eight Reasons to Prioritize Brain-Computer Interface Cybersecurity
Authors: Bernal Sergio López , Celdrán Alberto Huertas , Pérez Gregorio Martínez
Published: March 2023

Defining and analyzing the impact of cyberattacks on novel generations of BCIs.
PrivExtractor: Toward Redressing the Imbalance of Understanding between Virtual Assistant Users and Vendors
Authors: Bolton Tom , Dargahi Tooska , Belguith Sana , Maple Carsten
Published: March 2023

The use of voice-controlled virtual assistants (VAs) is significant, and user numbers increase every year. Extensive use of VAs has provided the large, cash-rich technology companies who sell them with another way of consuming users’ data, providing a lucrative revenue stream. Whilst these companies are legally obliged to treat users’ information “fairly and responsibly,” artificial intelligence techniques used to process data have become incredibly sophisticated, leading to users’ concerns that a lack of clarity is making it hard to understand the nature and scope of data collection and use.

There has been little work undertaken on a self-contained user awareness tool targeting VAs. PrivExtractor, a novel web-based awareness dashboard for VA users, intends to redress this imbalance of understanding between the data “processors” and the user. It aims to achieve this using the four largest VA vendors as a case study and providing a comparison function that examines the four companies’ privacy practices and their compliance with data protection law.

As a result of this research, we conclude that the companies studied are largely compliant with the law, as expected. However, the user remains disadvantaged due to the ineffectiveness of current data regulation that does not oblige the companies to fully and transparently disclose how and when they use, share, or profit from the data. Furthermore, the software tool developed during the research is, we believe, the first that is capable of a comparative analysis of VA privacy with a visual demonstration to increase ease of understanding for the user.
Can pharmacy students use Wikipedia as a learning resource? Critical assessment of articles on chemotherapeutic drugs
Authors: Azer Samy A. , Alsharafi Aya A.
Published: March 2023

Pharmacy students use Wikipedia as a quick resource of knowledge. However, Wikipedia articles are not written for professional pharmacy students. The study shows that although Wikipedia articles on chemotherapeutic drugs matched the expected readability level of university students, most needed to be completed and lacked essential information.
CORP: Sources and degrees of variability in whole animal intermittent hypoxia experiments
Authors: Zhang Zishan , Kalra Hardik , Delzell Matthew C. , Jedlicka Charles R. , Vasilyev Mikhail , Vasileva Anastasiia , Tomasson Michael H. , Bates Melissa L.
Published: March 2023

Intermittent hypoxia exposures are commonly used in physiology and many investigators use chamber systems to perform these studies. Because of the variety of chamber systems and protocols used, it is important to understand the sources of variability in intermittent hypoxia experiments that can impact reproducibility. We demonstrate sources of variability that come from the animal model, the intermittent hypoxia protocol, and the chamber system that can impact reproducibility.
Study on Energy-Saving Train Trajectory Optimization Based on Coasting Control in Metro Lines
Authors: Jin Bo , Yang Song , Wang Qingyuan , Feng Xiaoyun
Published: March 2023

With increasing energy consumption in urban rail transit systems, researchers have paid significant attention to energy-saving train control. In this paper, we propose an effective train trajectory optimization method to reduce the energy consumption based on coasting control, in which coasting control regimes are added to balance running time and energy consumption. For better determining the starting points of coasting control regimes, the whole train running process is divided into several subintervals. Then, aiming to achieve energy efficiency, coasting regimes are added to the subintervals with high energy-saving effects, in which more energy consumption can be reduced with the same running time addition. Based on this, a coasting control method is proposed to generate energy-saving trajectories considering train dynamics, safety, and punctuality. In addition, the proposed method can solve the multisection energy-saving train trajectory optimization problem to obtain optimal running time schemes and related trajectories. Finally, numerical examples based on one of the Beijing metro lines are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that, for the single-section train control problem, the proposed coasting control algorithm can achieve significant energy-saving effects compared to the practical trajectory and calculate energy-saving trajectory in shorter computation times compared to the dynamic programming method. Meanwhile, for the multisection train control problem, energy consumption can be further reduced by optimizing trajectories and running times integratedly.
Tobacco Use and Cessation among a Nationally Representative Sample of Men in India, 2019–2021
Authors: Singh S. K. , Kumar Shubham , Kashyap Gyan Chandra , Ward Kenneth
Published: March 2023

Tobacco users are exposed to a higher risk of noncommunicable diseases, leading to premature mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The future prediction indicates that tobacco-related mortality and morbidity rates will substantially increase in coming years. The study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of tobacco consumption and cessation attempts for different tobacco products among adult men in India. The study utilized information from India’s latest National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) data which was conducted during 2019-21, including 988,713 adult men aged 15 years and above and 93,144 men aged 15-49. Results suggest that 38 percent of men consume tobacco, including 29% in urban and 43% in rural areas. Among the men aged 35-49 years, the odds were significantly higher for consuming any form of tobacco (AOR: 7.36, CI: 6.72-8.05), smoking cigarettes (AOR: 2.56, CI: 2.23-2.94), and smoking bidi (AOR: 7.12, CI: 4.75-8.82) as compared to those aged 15-19. The application of multilevel model indicates that tobacco usages are not evenly distributed. In addition, there is maximum clustering of tobacco usages found around household level factors. Further, 30% of men aged 35-49 years attempted to stop consuming tobacco. Though 27% of men tried to quit tobacco in the last 12 months and 69% of men are exposed to secondhand smoke, 51% of men who received advice for quitting tobacco and visited the hospital in the last 12 months belong to the lowest wealth quintile. These findings prioritize promoting awareness about adverse effects of tobacco use, especially in rural areas, and capacitate them to adopt cessation efforts so that those who want to quit may be successful in their efforts. In addition, the health system’s response to the tobacco epidemic in the country should be strengthened by training of service providers to promote cessation efforts through appropriate counselling of all the patients visiting them in the context of tobacco use in any form as key drivers of the increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the country.
Radiographic Examination before Dental Extraction from Dentists’ Perspective
Authors: Talib Jiboon Atheer , Alhamdani Faaiz Y. , Hussein Ali Nagham
Published: March 2023

Background. It is generally agreed that radiographic examination is important before dental extraction. It provides information about the roots and the surrounding tissues. In terms of practice, it does not seem to be a universally implemented protocol regarding the use of dental radiology before dental extraction. Besides, the type of radiographic technique is not specified. Some references prefer periapical dental radiographs. Others prefer orthopantomography), or even cone beam computed tomography Delpachitra et al. (2021) [1]. In terms of the dental practice, it is not clear whether there is a universally adopted protocol regarding the use of dental radiographs before dental extraction. Aim of the study. To assess dental professionals’ perspective toward radiographic examination before conventional dental extraction. Materials and Methods. A Google form questionnaire was circulated to different dental professionals using mainly ResearchGate, in addition to different social media platforms. Results. One hundred and forty-five dentists participated in the questionnaire. The respondents were divided according to the country of current practice: national (Iraqi), regional (Middle Eastern), and international participants. Out of 144 respondents, 51.4% percent of the participants were international, while 40.3% were Iraqis, and 8.3% were from the Middle East. The need for dental radiography in all dental extraction procedures was reported in the majority of responses (n = 86). Only 11 dentists think there is no necessity for radiographic examination before conventional extraction. The chi-square test showed a highly significant relationship between the country of current practice and the need for X-ray examination for conventional dental extraction (

P

 < 0.01). Seventy-six dentists prefer periapical radiographs. Thirty-five preferred orthopantomography. A highly significant relationship was found between the country of practice and the X-ray technique (

P

 < 0.01). Conclusion. The study showed that there is no universally adopted protocol regarding the use of dental radiography before dental extraction. The country of practice appears to govern the dentists’ decisions regarding the need for an X-ray and the type of radiography prior to dental extraction. Periapical radiographs for posterior teeth seem to be the preferable choice before dental extraction.
Design and Theoretical Analysis of Highly Negative Dispersion-Compensating Photonic Crystal Fibers with Multiple Zero-Dispersion Wavelengths
Authors: N-yorbe John Napari , Akowuah Emmanuel Kofi , Danlard Iddrisu , Amoah Alexander Kwasi
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a highly negative dispersion-compensating photonic crystal fiber (DC-PCF) with multiple zero dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs) within the telecommunication bands. The multiple ZDWs of the PCF may lead to high spectral densities than those of other PCFs with few ZDWs. The full-vectorial finite element method with a perfectly matched layer (PML) is used to investigate the optical properties of the PCFs. The numerical analysis shows that the proposed PCF, i.e., PCF (b), exhibits multiple ZDWS and also achieves a high negative chromatic dispersion of −15089.0 ps/nm·km at 1.55 

μ
m

wavelength, with the multiple ZDWs occurring within the range from 0.8 to 2.0 

μ
m

range. Other optical properties such as the confinement loss of 0.059 dB/km, the birefringence of

4.11
×

10

−
1

, the nonlinearity of 18.92 

W

−
1

k
m

−
1

, and a normalized frequency of 2.633 was also achieved at 1.55 

μ
m

wavelength. These characteristics make the PCF suitable for high-speed, long-distance optical communication systems, optical sensing, soliton pulse transmission, and polarization-maintaining applications.
Optimizing the Cleaning and Disinfection Scheme for Dockless Shared Bikes
Authors: Zheng Rong , Yang Hongtai , Jiang Lanzhen , Huo Jinghai , Lu Xiaoqian , Abid Malik Muneeb
Published: March 2023

Shared bikes can help cities achieve carbon neutrality goals. Cleaning and disinfection are vital procedures of the maintenance of shared bikes, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic because shared bikes could be a transmission intermediary of viruses. This study proposes an optimization model of the cleaning and disinfection scheme of the dockless shared bikes. The disinfection is assumed to be performed at night, when the usage is lowest. By regarding the disinfection staff as traveling salesmen, the model is formulated as an extension of the Multidepot Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (MDMTSP). The objective function is to minimize the total cost; which consists of the cost associated with the working time and per-capita cost of the disinfection staff. A heuristic algorithm combining

k

-means clustering and genetic algorithm (K-GA) is adopted to find the lower bound solution. Then, the K-GA-adjustment algorithm has been adopted to find the solutions that satisfy the constraints. To reduce the computing time needed, an approximate function for the lower bound of the optimal number of disinfection staff is obtained by constructing a Continuous Approximation (CA) model. A case study based on real location data of shared bikes in Chengdu, China, is performed to show how the maintenance department could adopt the optimization framework to design an efficient scheme to clean and disinfect the shared bikes.
Prediction of Traffic Flow considering Electric Vehicle Market Share and Random Charging
Authors: Yan Yunjuan , Zha Weixiong , Shi Jungang , Yan Liping
Published: March 2023

This paper mainly studies the multiclass stochastic user equilibrium problem considering the market share of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and random charging behavior (RCB) in a mixed transport network containing electric vehicles and gasoline vehicles (GVs). In order to analyze the random charging and path choice behaviors of BEV users and extract the differences in travel behaviors between BEV and GV users, an improved logit-based model, multilabel algorithm, and queuing theory are applied. The influencing factors of charging possibility mainly include the initial state of charge (SOC), the SOC at the beginning of charging, and the psychologically acceptable safe SOC threshold arriving at the destination. Diversity choices of user paths and charging locations will result in changes in queuing traffic and differences in queuing time. Conversely, different stations have different queuing dwell times, which will also affect the routing and charging locations for BEVs with RCB. The path-based method of successive averages (MSA) is adopted to solve the model. Through the simulation of the test network Sioux Falls, the equilibrium traffic flow and possible charging flow under different market shares and initial SOC are predicted, and the properties of the model and the feasibility of the algorithm are verified.
A Case Report of Acute Severe Necrotizing Pancreatitis following the Johnson & Johnson Vaccine against the Novel SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bangolo Ayrton I. , Akhter Mahabuba , Auda Auda , Akram Rahina , Nagesh Vignesh K. , Athem Donnee , Thomas Reenu , Tibalan Ligaya , Trivedi Mansi , Mushtaq Saima , Singh Neha , Bagale Pracheta , Arana Georgemar V. , Khan Tayyaba , Sharma Shelja , Mynedi Swetha , Patel Dhara D. , Saini Mandeep , Chinthakuntla Madhurya R. , Ahmed Kareem , Gad Mary , Gondhi Srikara Dheer D. R. , Arana Georgemar , Gurumoorthy Rohini B. , Weissman Simcha
Published: March 2023

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition, which is a leading gastrointestinal cause of hospitalization in the United States. Several conditions are associated with acute pancreatitis. More recently, there have been a few cases reported of acute pancreatitis following the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. To our knowledge, no cases of acute pancreatitis have been yet reported following the Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine (J& J vaccine). Herein we report a 34-year-old male with no significant past medical history admitted with acute necrotizing pancreatitis, the day following the receipt of the J&J vaccine. Based on the Naranjo and the modified Naranjo scale, the patient met the requirements for probable drug induced pancreatitis. This case report has the objective to raise awareness of a potentially severe side effect of the J&J vaccine. We hope to use this case to support screening all patients for previous history of acute pancreatitis before administration of the J& J vaccine.
Hsa_circ_0008035 Knockdown Inhibits Bladder Cancer Progression through miR-1184/RAP2B Axis
Authors: Fu Yang , Liu Kun , Jiang Xi , Zhao Lun , Wang Tianwei
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are related to the pathogenesis and progression of bladder cancer (BC). This research aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of hsa_circ_0008035 (circ_0008035) in BC progression. Methods: Circ_0008035, microRNA (miR)-1,184, and Ras-related protein 2B (RAP2B) levels were examined in BC via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining, flow cytometry, caspase-3 assay kit, transwell, and tube formation assays were conducted to estimate the effects of circ_0008035 on the malignant phenotypes of BC tumors. The interaction between RNAs and genes was evaluated via a dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. A xenograft model of BC in nude mice was established to estimate the effect of circ_0008035 in BC in vivo. Results: Circ_0008035 and RAP2B levels were upregulated, while miR-1184 abundance was downregulated in BC tissues and cells. Circ_0008035 knockdown constrained cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis but promoted apoptosis in vitro. And circ_0008035 silencing curbed xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Circ_0008035 acted as a miRNA sponge for miR-1184. Circ_0008035 increased RAP2B expression by sponging miR-1184. MiR-1184 downregulation relieved the effects of circ_0008035 knockdown on BC progression. And RAP2B knockdown partly reversed the effects of miR-1184 overexpression on BC progression. Conclusion: Circ_0008035-mediated BC progression via regulating the miR-1184/RAP2B axis, providing a potential target for BC treatment.
Direct Elicitation of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials by Electrical Stimulation and Their Use to Verify the Most Comfortable Level of Stimulation in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Tavora-Vieira Dayse , Ffoulkes Ellen
Published: March 2023

Introduction: This study was designed to investigate the use of electrically evoked cortical auditory evoked potentials (eCAEPs) as a tool for cochlear implant (CI) verification, the relationships between the site and intensity of stimulation and the detection rates and morphologies of eCAEPs as well as investigate whether correlations exist between the morphologies of eCAEPs and speech perception in quiet and in noise, duration of hearing loss, age at implantation, whether the hearing loss bilateral or single-sided and the electrode current level required to elicit MCL stimulation. Methods: 32 adult unilateral CI users with postlingual hearing loss were enrolled. The stimuli were 1 kHz biphasic alternating pulses and were presented at either the behaviorally measured MCL or 50% of this value (MCL0.5) via the CI fitting software. Pulses were directed to apical, medial, or basal electrodes. CAEPs were recorded from a scalp electrode placed at the vertex, low forehead, and contralateral mastoid and were evaluated by two electrophysiologists. Results: Overall, eCAEPs could be detected in 31/32 users when stimulating at MCL, and in 29/32 users when stimulating at MCL0.5. The detection rates were 31, 31, and 28/32 for apical, medial, and basal stimulation at MCL, and 29, 29, and 26/32 at MCL0.5. Significant differences in eCAEP amplitudes and latencies were observed across electrodes and stimulation levels. No significant correlations were found between eCAEP latencies and amplitudes and user age, duration of deafness prior to CI surgery, or with bilateral versus single-sided hearing loss, nor with the charge level required to elicit MCL, or with speech perception scores in quiet. Peak latencies correlated with speech perception scores in some configurations of speech-in-noise. Conclusion: eCAEPs can readily be elicited in the majority of adult CI users and show normal waveform characteristics at stimulation levels corresponding to MCL, as well as at basal, medial, and apical electrode stimulation sites. Neither the latencies nor amplitudes of eCAEPs are confounded by variables of age, duration of deafness prior to CI surgery, or the laterality of hearing loss. eCAEPs are a useful, objective method evaluate sound perception in CI users.
Clinical and Experimental Study of High Mobility Group Box-2 and Valvular Calcification in Elderly Patients with Degenerative Heart Valve Disease
Authors: Huang Hongtao , Sun Qingpiao , Huang Yu , Wang Huixuan , Ju Linling , Peng Meidi , Wu Jing , Chen Lin , Gong Yachi
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the high mobility group box-2 (HMGB2) and valve calcification in senile degenerative heart valve disease (SDHVD). Methods: According to the echocardiographic results, patients with calcified heart valves were used as the experimental group and patients without calcified heart valves were used as the control group; blood was drawn for testing, and serum levels of HMGB2 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Human heart valve interstitial cells (hVICs) cultured in vitro were randomly divided into two groups. The calcification group was cultured with a medium containing calcification induction solution and cells were induced on days 1, 3, and 5, and the control group was cultured with a standard medium. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) and HMGB2 in both groups was detected by Western blot. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of the HMGB2 gene during calcification. The hVICs were cultured in vitro for 4 days with different concentrations of exogenous HMGB2 (0.01 μg/mL, 0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 2 μg/mL), while the control group was cultured with a standard medium and the expression of BMP-4 and NF-κB P65 was detected by Western blot. Results: The serum level of HMGB2 was 7.90 (5.92, 12.39) μg/L, higher than that of 7.06 (5.06, 9.73) μg/L in the valve calcification group in elderly patients with degenerative valve disease (p = 0.005); the differences were statistically significant. In in vitro experiments, the cellular calcification protein BMP-4 and the HMGB2 protein were higher in the calcification group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Exogenous stimulation of hVICs with HMGB2 was able to upregulate the expression of BMP-4 and NF-κB P65 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: HMGB2 is correlated with valvular calcification in senile degenerative heart valve disease. The HMGB2 protein may promote the process of SDHVD valve calcification by activating the NF-κB pathway and upregulating the expression of BMP-4.
A Nomogram for Predicting 3-Year Mortality in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension due to Left Heart Failure: A Retrospective Analysis of a Prospective Registry Study
Authors: Lin Yangyi , Pang Lingpin , Huang Shian , Shen Jieyan , Wu Weifeng , Tang Fangming , Su Weiqing , Zhu Xiulong , Sun Jingzhi , Quan Ruilin , Yang Tao , Han Huijun , He Jianguo
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart failure (PH-LHF) is a disease with high prevalence and 3-year mortality rates. Consequently, timely identification of patients with high mortality risk is critical. This study aimed to build a nomogram for predicting 3-year mortality and screening high-risk PH-LHF patients. Methods: This nomogram was developed on a training cohort of 175 patients with PH-LHF diagnosed by right heart catheterization. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify independent predictors and develop this nomogram. The median total points obtained from the nomogram were used as a cutoff point, and patients were classified into low- and high-risk groups. The concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve were utilized to ascertain the predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram. External validation was performed using a validation cohort of 77 PH-LHF patients from other centers. Results: Multivariate Cox regression showed that the New York Heart Association Functional classification (NYHA FC), uric acid level, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure were all independent predictors and incorporated into the nomogram. The nomogram showed good discrimination (C-index of 0.756; 95% CI: 0.688–0.854) and good calibration. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients in the high-risk group had worse survival (p < 0.001). In the external validation, the nomogram showed both good discrimination (C-index of 0.738; 95% CI: 0.591–0.846) and calibration. Conclusion: The nomogram had a good performance in predicting 3-year mortality and can effectively identify high-risk patients. The nomogram may help to reduce the mortality of PH-LHF.
Визначення ліпідного метаболізму в крові пацієнтів із генералізованим пародонтитом на тлі атеросклерозу
Authors: Данькевич-Харчишин І. С.
Published: March 2023

Резюме. Чисельні дослідження, проведені упродовж останніх десятиліть, не залишають сумнівів з приводу впливу порушень метаболізму, зокрема ліпідного, на структурно-функціональний стан судин організму. Порушення у системі ліпідного метаболізму крові є загальновизнаним ключовим компонентом патогенезу уражень судинного русла, зокрема пародонта, між тим, механізми порушення транспорту ліпідів при дистрофічно-запальних ураженнях тканин пародонта на тлі атеросклерозу, залишаються не з’ясованими й досі.

Мета дослідження – вивчити порушення ліпідного метаболізму в крові пацієнтів із генералізованим пародонтитом на тлі атеросклерозу.

Матеріали і методи. Ліпідний спектр було визначено у крові 76 осіб із ГП на фоні АТ (основна група); у 27 пацієнтів із ГП без загальносоматичних захворювань (порівняльна група); у 30 осіб з АТ без супутніх стоматологічних захворювань та у 25 здорових осіб без стоматологічних та соматичних захворювань (контрольна група). Дослідження показників ліпідограми (ХС, ТГ, ЛПВЩ, ЛПНЩ, ліпази) проводили на автоматичному біохімічному аналізаторі «Cobas Mira Plus» (Швейцарія) з використанням наборів реактивів «Biolatest» (Чехія). Статистичне обчислення отриманих результатів проводили з використанням прикладних програм Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft, USA) та пакетом статистичних функцій програми Мicrosoft Ехсеl 2021.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У результаті проведених досліджень встановлено, що у крові пацієнтом із генералізованим пародонтитом на тлі атеросклерозу встановлено збільшення рівнів загального холестерину – на 64,38 %, р<0,05, тригліцеридів – у 3,0 рази, р<0,01, ЛПНЩ – на 36,0 %, р<0,05, активності ліпази – на 100,5 %, р<0,01, коефіцієнта атерогенності – у 4,9 раза, р<0,01, на тлі зниження ЛПВЩ – на 46,6 %, р<0,01 стосовно даних у практично здорових осіб контрольної групи.

Висновки. Стан ліпідного складу крові у пацієнтів із генералізованим пародонтитом на тлі атеросклерозу характеризувався порушенням транспорту холестерину, що виражалось підвищенням рівнів загального холестерину, тригліцеридів і активності ліпази, збільшенням вмісту ЛПНЩ при відповідному зниженні концентрації ЛПВЩ. Оцінивши характер змін ліпідного спектра крові, встановили, що найбільший дисбаланс ліпідного метаболізму визначався при ГП ІІІ ступеня, що підкреслює роль дисліпідемії на розвиток ендотеліальної дисфункції.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ВПРАВ БЕЗ ОБТЯЖЕННЯ ПІД ЧАС ГІДРОКІНЕЗОТЕРАПІЇ В ОСІБ З ІНФАРКТОМ МІОКАРДА
Authors: Осадчий А. Ю. , Мисула І. Р.
Published: March 2023

У статті на основі наукової літератури було складено найефективніший комплекс гідрокінезотерапії при інфаркті міокарда за рахунок вправ без обтяження. Описано їх позитивний вплив на хворих з інфарктом міокарда. Визначено методи та методики проведення занять для осіб з інфарктом міокарда.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МЕТОДІВ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ ПРИ ДИСФУНКЦІЇ ТАЗОВОГО ДНА В ЖІНОК У ПІСЛЯПОЛОГОВИЙ ПЕРІОД
Authors: Турчин С. О. , Бакалюк Т. Г. , Стельмах Г. О.
Published: March 2023

У статті проаналізовано головні реабілітаційні підходи, які застосовують при дисфункції тазового дна в жінок у післяпологовий період. Використання технологій фізичної та реабілітаційної медицини повин­но ґрунтуватися на результатах якісних рандомізованих контрольованих клінічних досліджень, які є основою для розробки клінічних рекомендацій.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОБОТИ МЕДИЧНИХ СЕСТЕР ПРИ НАДАННІ ДОПОМОГИ ХВОРИМ З КОРОНАВІРУСНОЮ ІНФЕКЦІЄЮ В ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКІЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТСЬКІЙ ЛІКАРНІ
Authors: Рега Н. І. , Варшавський Р. І. , Рега О. Р.
Published: March 2023

У статті наведено дані про особливості роботи медичних сестер КНП «Тернопільська університетська лікарня» ТОР при наданні допомоги хворим з коронавірусною інфекцією. Зокрема, проаналізовано відомості про кількість медсестринських втручань на одну медичну сестру за добу, а також опрацьо­вано статистичні дані роботи КНП «Тернопільська університетська лікарня» ТОР, а саме: показники використання ліжкового фонду, показники руху хворих у відділеннях та показники летальності у відділеннях, в яких надавали медичну допомогу хворим на COVID-19. Виявлено дані, що свідчили про перевантаженість співробітників пульмонологічного відділення. Особливо напруженою була праця медичних сестер відділення.
HEALTH ASSESSMENT AND PROMOTION IN NURSING PRACTICE
Authors: Krekhovska-Lepiavko O. M. , Lokay B. A. , Volkov R. K.
Published: March 2023

Although health assessments are performed regularly and routinely, they must be conducted and documented with great thoroughness and attention to detail. Nursing assessments inform each step of the patient’s care plan. Therefore, nurses have a tremendous responsibility to ensure they have the necessary skill sets to perform accurate evaluations for all patients. The article outlines main types of health assessment, that are included into the course of studies Health Assessment, which is aimed at development of systemic knowledge and understanding of conceptual foundations by students utilizing systematic history taking and the knowledge of therapeutic communication to elicit subjective data; collecting objective data; validating, analyzing and documentation of those data. Holistic health assessment is viewed from a health promotion, cultural, nutritional, mental health and developmental perspective. During this course students identify appropriate methods of data collection to conduct a multidimensional systemic screening health assessment on clients across the lifespan. Health Assessment is one of the main courses for students studying at I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Training program “Nursing”, the first (bachelor) degree of higher education, branch of knowledge 00 “22 Health Care”, specialty 223 “Nursing”.
ІНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНА МОБІЛІЗАЦІЯ М’ЯКИХ ТКАНИН ПРИ МІОФАСЦІАЛЬНОМУ БОЛЬОВОМУ СИНДРОМІ
Authors: Музика А. О. , Бакалюк Т. Г.
Published: March 2023

У статті проаналізовано дані про ефективність використання методики інструментальної мобілі­зації м’яких тканин при міофасціальному больовому синдромі. На основі результатів якісних рандомізо­ваних контрольованих клінічних досліджень та наукової літератури виявлено позитивний вплив інструментальної мобілізації м’яких тканин як при комплексному, так і при індивідуальному застосуванні.
ВПЛИВ КОМБІНОВАНОЇ ДІЇ НАНОЧАСТИНОК ОКСИДУ ЦИНКУ ТА ГЕРБІЦИДУ ГЛІФОСАТУ НА СТАН ГУМОРАЛЬНОЇ ЛАНКИ ІМУННОЇ СИСТЕМИ
Authors: Петренко Я. Ю. , Корда М. М.
Published: March 2023

Вступ. Нанотехнології є на сьогодні найбільш перспективним напрямком у розвитку світової науки. Наноматеріали стали причиною справжнього прориву в багатьох галузях і проникають у всі сфери нашого життя. Наночастинки, завдяки їх унікальним властивостям, широко застосовують у наукових дослідженнях, промисловості та медицині. З повсякденним зростанням темпів використання наноматеріалів усе менше уваги приділяють можливому негативному впливу наночастинок на здоров’я людей та на безпеку навколишнього середовища в цілому. Характерна для наночастинок здатність посилювати транспорт хімічних речовин і лікарських засобів у клітини та через бар’єри організму робить актуальним питання про можливість потенціювання токсичної дії хімічних контамінантів при їх сумісному надходженні в організм.

Мета дослідження – вивчити особливості комбінованого впливу наночастинок оксиду цинку та гербіциду гліфосату на стан гуморальної ланки імунної системи експериментальних щурів.

Методи дослідження. Досліди виконано на щурах-самцях, яким внутрішньошлунково протягом 14 діб вводили у вигляді суспензії (0,5 мл) наночастинки оксиду цинку в дозі 100 мг/кг маси тала та гліфосат (у формі гербіциду раундапу) в дозі 250 мг/кг маси тіла. Токсиканти вводили сумісно та окремо. Тварин виводили з експерименту на 15-ту добу. В сироватці крові визначали вміст циркулюючих імунних комплексів та імуноглобулінів класів А, М, G.

Результати й обговорення. Встановлено, що під впливом наночастинок оксиду цинку досліджувані показники достовірно не відрізнялися від показників контролю. Введення щурам гліфосату призводило до виражених змін імуноглобулінів класу G та циркулюючих імунних комплексів. Максимальні зміни показників зареєстровано у групі тварин, яким вводили наночастинки оксиду цинку сумісно з гліфосатом. У цьому випадку показники вмісту імуноглобулінів та циркулюючих імунних комплексів достовірно погіршувалися порівняно з аналогічними показниками у групі тварин, яким вводили тільки гербіцид.

Висновок. Наночастинки оксиду цинку посилюють здатність гербіциду гліфосату викликати зміни гуморальної ланки імунної системи білих щурів.
АНАЛІТИЧНИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ У ВОДІ ТА ПОВІТРІ ЗАЛИШКОВИХ КІЛЬКОСТЕЙ ПЕСТИЦИДІВ СИСТЕМИ ЗАХИСТУ ХЛІБНИХ ЗЛАКІВ
Authors: Омельчук С. Т. , Коршун О. М. , Ліпавська А. О. , Зінченко Т. І. , Мілохов Д. С. , Аврамчук А. О. , Благая А. В.
Published: March 2023

Вступ. Науково обґрунтований і виважений вибір пестицидних формуляцій із сучасного широкого асортименту та їх вчасне і раціональне використання рекомендують системи хімічного захисту сільськогосподарських культур.

Мета дослідження – розробити й удосконалити аналітичний контроль у воді та повітрі залишкових кількостей пестицидів системи захисту хлібних злаків.

Методи дослідження. Використовуючи аналітичні стандарти, з яких в ацетонітрилі готували вихідні стандартні розчини кожної з досліджуваних сполук, проводили хроматографічний аналіз для розробки умов визначення 9 діючих речовин системи захисту хлібних злаків при їх сумісній присутності: гербіцидів просульфурону і піноксадену, інсектицидів тіаметоксаму та лямбда-цигалотрину, фунгіцидів азоксистробіну, бензовіндифлупіру, ципроконазолу, пропіконазолу, регулятора росту рослин тринексапак-етилу. Для побудови графіків залежності площі хроматографічного піка сполуки від концентрації тричі здійснювали хроматографічний аналіз кожного градуювального розчину суміші. Проводили кількісне визначення досліджуваної сполуки методом абсолютного градуювання (методом зовнішнього стандарту) і статистичну обробку одержаних результатів.

Результати й обговорення. Отримані дані дозволили нам розрахувати фактор утримування (k), побудувати залежності відносного утримування досліджуваних сполук на колонках С18 та СN від вмісту ацетонітрилу в рухомій фазі ацетонітрил+0,1 % водний розчин ортофосфорної кислоти і продовжити дослідження з розділення сполук при сумісній присутності, використовуючи як більш ефективні колонку 250/4,6 Nucleosil 100-5 С18 та суміш ацетонітрил+0,1 % водний розчин ортофосфорної кислоти. За результатами вивчення спектрів поглинання, з метою покращення хроматограм проб води й, особливо, повітря, було оптимізовано довжину хвилі УФ-детектора, що дало позитивний результат. Розроблено умови підготовки проб води і повітря до подальшого хроматографічного визначення в них досліджуваних сполук та оптимальні умови екстракції і хроматографічного визначення пестицидів різних хімічних класів, які застосовують у системі захисту зернових злакових культур, що дозволяють контролювати їх вміст при сумісній присутності з межею кількісного визначення кожної сполуки в пробах води (0,001 мг/дм3) та повітря (0,05 мг/м3), тобто дають можливість контролювати затверджені гігієнічні нормативи цих сполук у воді й повітрі робочої зони.

Висновок. Розроблені умови визначення методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії при сумісній присутності в пробах води та повітря 9 пестицидів системи захисту хлібних злаків дозволяють значно прискорити аналіз, зменшити витрати на його проведення та сприятимуть удосконаленню моніторингу пестицидів у довкіллі.
Desinstitucionalização e as novas possibilidades no cotidiano dos familiares de egressos (as) de um hospital psiquiátrico
Authors: Silva Ingredy Nayara Chiacchio , Batista Carina Pimentel Souza
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: compreender o processo de desinstitucionalização e as novas possibilidades no cotidiano dos familiares de egressos (as) de um hospital psiquiátrico. Método: estudo qualitativo de caráter exploratório e descritivo, desenvolvido com cinco familiares de egressos (as) de um Hospital Psiquiátrico no interior da Bahia. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se a Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras (TALP) e a entrevista semiestruturada e para análise, a Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: o processo de desinstitucionalização dos (as) usuários (as) ocasionou nos familiares medos, apreensão e atitudes de não aceitação. O trabalho da equipe de desinstitucionalização permitiu a (re)aproximação e (re) construção dos vínculos afetivos. Conclusão: o processo de desinstitucionalização é complexo, deve envolver profissionais e gestores a sensibilizar e estimular reflexões e ações que fortaleçam o cuidado aos (as) egressos (as) e familiares.
É bomba! É tiro! É violência! A guerra às drogas na Cracolândia paulistana
Authors: Camargo Paola de Oliveira , Oliveira Michele Mandagará de , Lemos Duilia Sedrês Carvalho , Ramos Camila Irigonhé
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: analisar e promover uma reflexão sobre a relação estabelecida entre a polícia, as pessoas e o território onde são utilizadas substâncias psicoativas. Método: realizou-se uma pesquisa etnográfica a partir de observação participante com a construção de diário de campo. Os participantes da observação foram as pessoas que fazem uso de drogas nas cenas de uso e/ou que frequentam a Organização Não Governamental participante do estudo e os agentes redutores de danos da mesma. O estudo foi desenvolvido em 2018 na cidade de São Paulo. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a Teoria Interpretativa. Resultados: a violência policial está presente diariamente na vida das pessoas que estão dentrodo fluxo da Cracolândia. Todos sofrem com os atos violentos: as pessoas que usam drogas, os agentes redutores de danos e até mesmo os profissionais que estão lá para promover saúde e cuidado. Há tiros, bombas e repressão, mas, mesmo assim, a resistência persiste. Conclusão: no território daCracolândia persiste a guerra às drogas. Essa política de Estado higienista e separatista faz com que as pessoas que usam drogas estejam cada vez mais excluídas da sociedade, sem direitos e sem cuidado.
Subsídios à história do pequeno comércio no Brasil
Authors: Mott Luiz Roberto de Barros
Published: March 2023

(1º parágrafo do artigo)

Embora possamos descobrir inúmeras semelhanças na organização e estrutura dos atuais mercados e feiras dos diferentes paises da América Latina, no que se refere a sua origem, podemos agrupa-los em duas categorias bem diversas. Em primeiro lugar, aqueles paises que já possuiam praças de mercado antes da chegada dos conquistadores europeus. Entre estes, o México e a Guatemala, que possuiram os mais famosos e movimentados mercados pré-hispânicos de que se tem conhecimento. Quando Fernan Cortez chegou à cidade de Tenochtitlán, a capital do Império Asteca, encontrou aí um mercado que se realizava diariamente e que, segundo os cronistas, congregava por volta de 60.000 comerciantes
Changes in Cardiovascular Health Across Midlife and Late-Life and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers of Cerebral Vascular Disease in Late-Life
Authors: Sedaghat Sanaz , Ji Yuekai , Empana Jean-Philippe , Hughes Timothy M. , Mosley Thomas H. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Griswold Michael , Jack Clifford R. , Lutsey Pamela L. , van Sloten Thomas T.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Cardiovascular health may be used for prevention of cerebral vascular disease; however, data on the association of cardiovascular health across midlife and late-life with late-life cerebral vascular disease are lacking. Our aim was to examine whether midlife or late-life cardiovascular health as well as changes of cardiovascular health within midlife and between midlife and late-life were associated with prevalence of magnetic resonance imaging markers of cerebral vascular disease at late-life.

Methods:

Prospective cohort study including 1638 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study who took part in 2 visits at midlife (mean ages, 53 and 59 years), and a late-life visit (mean age, 76 years). A cardiovascular health Life’s Simple 7 score (range, 0–12/0–14, depending on diet availability) including 6 out of 7 items was calculated at each visit, with weight assigned to each item as poor (0), intermediate (1), or ideal (2). Participants underwent 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging scans in late-life visit. Outcomes were white matter hyperintensity volume, microbleeds, and lacunar, subcortical, and cortical infarcts at late-life. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of cardiovascular health in midlife and late-life, and improvement of cardiovascular health within midlife, and from midlife to late-life with magnetic resonance imaging markers of cerebral vascular disease, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results:

A higher cardiovascular health in midlife, improvement of cardiovascular health within midlife, higher cardiovascular health at late-life, and improvement of cardiovascular health from midlife to late-life were associated with a lower prevalence of cerebral vascular disease markers. For example, improvement in cardiovascular health (per point) from midlife to late-life was associated with smaller white matter hyperintensity volume (β, −0.07 [95% CI, −0.10 to −0.04]) and lower odds of microbleeds (odds ratio, 0.93 [0.90–0.97]), lacunar (odds ratio, 0.93 [0.89–0.97]), subcortical (odds ratio, 0.93 [0.89–0.97]), and cortical infarcts (odds ratio, 0.92 [0.87–0.97]).

Conclusions:

Improving cardiovascular health within midlife and from midlife to late-life may prevent development of cerebral vascular disease.