bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delayed dynamics of SIR model for COVID-19 spread forecasting
Authors: Ebraheem Hameed K. , Alkhateeb Nizar , Badran Hussein , Hajjiah Ali , Sultan Ebraheem
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most challenging tasks the world has faced since the last pandemic outbreak of 1918. Early on countries felt the strength and persistence of the virus infections spreading with no means of estimating the dispersion rates. Officials in infected countries followed several guidelines set by the World Health Organization (WHO) to try and flatten the infection curve and maintain a low number of infectives. Nonetheless, the virus kept on spreading with impunity and all predictions of how containments or peak detections have been a fail so far. Therefore, a need for a more accurate model to predict the peaking of infections and help guide officials on what best to enact as a measure of public health safety from a multitude of choices outlined by the WHO. Earlier studies of compartmental model of Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) did not predict the peaking of a hot spots flairs of viral infections and a new model needed to provide a more realistic results to serve public officials battling the pandemic worldwideMethodsA new modified SIR model which incorporates appropriate delay parameters leading to a more precise prediction of COVID-19 real time data. The predictions of the new model are compared to real data obtained from four countries, namely Germany, Italy, Kuwait, and Oman. Two included delay periods for incubation and recovery within the SIR model produces a sensible and more accurate representation of the real time data. The reproductive number 𝑅0 is defined for the model for values of recovery time delay 𝜏2 of the infective case.ResultsIncorporating two delay periods that corresponds to the duration of the incubational and recovery periods measured for COVID-19 gives a more accurate prediction of the peak pandemic infections per geographical area. The parameter variations in the model 𝛽,𝛾,𝛼,𝜏1,𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜏2 makeup different cases corresponding to different situations. The variations are estimated a priori based on what is being observed and collected data of an infected region to give officials better guidelines on what health policies should be enacted in the future.2 of 15ConclusionsThe empirical data provided by WHO show that the proposed new SIR model gives a better more accurate prediction of COVID-19 pandemic spreading curve. The model is shown to closely fit real time data for four countries. Simulation results are consistent with data and generated curves are well constrained. The parameters can be varied and adjusted for producing and/or reproduction of numbers within the range of each country
Identification of Hub Genes Associated with Melanoma Development by Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Jiang Jie , Xu Guoyong , Liang Tuo , Yu Chaojie , Liao Shian , Zhang Zide , Lu Zhaojun , Wang Zequn , Chen Jiarui , Chen Tianyou , Li Hao , Liu Chong , Zhan Xinli
Published: November 2020

Introduction: This study aimed to identify important genes associated with melanoma to further develop new target gene therapies and analyze their significance concerning prognosis.Materials and methods: Gene expression data for melanoma and normal tissue were downloaded from three databases. Differentially co-expressed genes were identified by WGCNA and DEGs analysis. These genes were subjected to GO, and KEGG enrichment analysis and construction of the PPI visualized with Cytoscape and screened for the top 10 Hub genes using CytoHubba. We validated the Hub gene's protein levels with an immunohistochemical assay to confirm the accuracy of our analysis.Results: A total of 435 differentially co-expressed genes were obtained. Survival curves showed that high expression of FOXM1, EXO1, KIF20A, TPX2, and CDC20 in melanoma patients with 5 of the top 10 hub genes was associated with reduced overall survival (OS). Immunohistochemistry showed that all five genes were expressed at higher protein levels in melanoma than in paracancerous tissues.Conclusion: FOXM1, EXO1, KIF20A, TPX2, and CDC20 are prognosis-associated core genes of melanoma, and their high expression correlates with the low prognosis of melanoma patients and can be used as biomarkers for melanoma diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction.
Comparative Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Infections in Blood Donors Born Before and After the I Mplementation of Universal HBV Vaccination in Southern China
Authors: Ye Xianlin , Li Tong , Li Yi , Zeng Jinfeng , Li Ran , Xu Xiaoxuan , Guan Xiaoyu , Li Ling
Published: November 2020

BackgroundNeonatal hepatitis B vaccination program at birth has been implemented nationwide since 1992 in China, which may impact HBV safety in blood donations actively. The true prevalence of HBV, HBsAg, and OBI between vaccinated blood donors and non-vaccinated blood donors should be explored. Study design and methodsThe samples of blood donors were collected and detected for serologic markers of HBV in the Shenzhen Blood Center between Feb 2016 and Jun 2016. The discrepant results were tested with commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ELCI), alternative MPX ID NAT, nested PCR, sequencing, and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. HBsAg and anti-HBs were quantified. The serological and molecular characteristics of HBV infected blood donors were analyzed, and the effects on blood safety for donors born before and after the implementation of universal HBV vaccination were compared. ResultsTotal of 242 reactive by NAT and/or HBsAg ELISA samples from 26318 candidate donors, 192 (0.73%, [95%CI, 0.63-0.84]) HBV+, 131 (0.49%, [95%CI, 0.43-0.59]) HBsAg+, 58 (0.22%, [95%CI,0.17-0.28]) OBI were confirmed respectively. The HBV+ rate in vaccinated donors is lower than in non-vaccinated donors (P<0.05). The HBsAg titers of vaccinated infected blood donors are much higher than non vaccinated infected blood donors. The OBI yield rates in the vaccinated blood donors were 0.11% (7/6422), and significantly lower than 0.26% (51/19898) in the non vaccinated blood donors (P<0.05). 102/124 (82.3%) samples are genotype B, 22/124 (17.7%) are genotype C total. There is no significant difference in the distribution of genotype in the non vaccinated blood donors (B/C,86/17) and the vaccinated blood donors (B/C,23/6) (P>0.05). High frequency of vaccine escape mutation M133L (32.4%) and E164G in S region of genotype B strains and substitution L175S (40.9%) related to vaccine escape in S region of genotype C strains identified.ConclusionThe universal HBV vaccination program markedly reduces the risk of HBV infection in blood donors, and provides a significant guarantee for the safety of blood transfusion. Several important mutations detected related vaccine escape and notable mutations needed further investigated.
Ambient temperature change Vs confirmed cases of COVID-19: A machine learning model
Authors: Jamshidnezhad Amir , Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Ghavamabadi Leila Ibrahimi , Zilae Marzieh , Mousavi Hediye , Dehaghi Behzad Fouladi
Published: November 2020

Background The relation between ambient air temperature and prevalence of viral infection has been under investigation in recent years. The present study aimed at providing the statistical and machine learning based analysis to investigate the influence of climatic factors on frequency of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Iran.Method The data of confirmed cases of COVID-19 as well as some climatic factors related to 31 provinces of Iran, during 04/03/2020 to 05/05/2020 were gathered from the official resources. In order to investigate the important climatic factors on the frequency of confirmed cases of Covid-19 in all studied cities, a model based on an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed. Moreover, the statistical analysis were used to assess the trend of positive cases in comparison with the fluctuations of some climatic factors. Results The proposed ANN model showed the accuracy rate of 87.25% and 86.4% in the training and testing stage, respectively for classification of COVID-19 confirmed cases. Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis was obtained the R2 equal to 0.40 and 0.68 in two cities of Qom and Ahvaz, respectively. The results showed that in the city of Ahvaz, despite the increase in temperature, the coefficient of determination R2 has been increasing. Conclusion This study clearly showed that with increasing outdoor temperature, the use of air conditioning systems to set a comfort zone temperature is unavoidable; thus the number of positive cases of COVID-19 increases. Also, this study shows the role of closed air cycle condition in indoor environment of tropical cities, along with the impact of climatic factors in the frequency of positive cases of COVID-19 and the capacity of ANN classification in the surveys.
Association between gastric content fluidity and pars oesophageal ulcers in nursery pigs: a cross-sectional study of high-risk Danish herds using commercial feed ad libitum
Authors: Peralvo-Vidal Juan Miguel , Weber Nicolai Rosager , Nielsen Jens Peter , Denwood Matthew , Haugegaard Svend , Pedersen Anni Øyan
Published: November 2020

Background: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the within-herd prevalence of pars oesophageal ulcers (POU) in high-risk Danish herds using commercial diets fed ad libitum. Furthermore, we aimed to estimate the association between gastric content fluidity and POU using a generalised additive model (GAM). The study included 200 clinically healthy nursery pigs randomly selected from ten farms (20 pigs from each farm). The 10 farms were selected based on a suspected high prevalence of gastric ulcers. Post-mortem gastric ulcer assessment was based on macroscopic lesions, and gastric content fluidity was assessed based on the solid particle sedimentation percentage (solid phase). Results: We observed an overall prevalence of 35.5% for POU in nursery pigs. Within-herd prevalence varied considerably among farms, with values ranging from 0% in Farm 1 to 84% in Farm 4. Our model showed strong associations between POU and gastric content fluidity (P<0.001), as well as between POU and farm of origin (P<0.001). In addition, we observed that the risk of POU decreased non-linearly as the gastric content solid phase percentage increased, i.e. as the gastric content became more solid. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that pars oesophageal ulcers are present in Danish herds with nursery pigs fed commercial diets ad libitum. Furthermore, we have established that gastric content fluidity is strongly associated with POU in nursery pigs. Even so, we cannot conclude that gastric content fluidity is solely responsible for POU. Future research should look into the association between pars oesophageal ulcers and both farm management activities and individual pig factors.
Dynamic Changes in Plasma Mitochondrial DNA Concentration in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Duan Zepeng , Wang Yujing , Ling Hua , Li Qiong , Dai Xingui
Published: November 2020

Background: The elevated plasma mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is associated with prognosis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). However, it is not clear that the dynamic process of plasma mtDNA during the early stage of SAP and the correction between mtDNA and clinical features.Methods: Twenty-six eligible patients with SAP in the general intensive care unit of our institution were enrolled in this study. The mtDNA concentration were assessed at admission and on days 3, 5, and 7.Results: The mtDNA concentration of the patients with SAP was elevated at each time point compared with that in the healthy controls. The mtDNA levels increased rapidly, peaking on day 3 after admission, and began to decrease on day 5. The trend remained statistically consistent among the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score, the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and mtDNA levels. Contrastingly, the changes were not statistically consistent among the procalcitonin (PCT), calciumion (Ca2+) and mtDNA concentrations. The mtDNA level correlated significantly with the APACHE II score, SOFA score, and Ranson score, but not with the CRP, PCT, and Ca2+ concentrations. Conclusions: The dynamic change of plasma mtDNA correlated significantly with SAP development. The elevated mtDNA levels could be used as a biomarker for the early stage of SAP.Trial registration: NCT: 04079777. Registered 4 September 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S00096E5&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0002O5I&ts=2&cx=-e6bci8
Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Single Oral Doses of Bi 187004, an Inhibitor of 11beta-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-1, in Healthy Male Volunteers With Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Bianzano Susanna , Heise Tim , Jungnik Arvid , Schepers Cornelia , Schoelch Corinna , Gräfe-Mody Ulrike
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe study characterizes safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of single rising doses of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (11beta-HSD1) inhibitor BI 187004 in healthy men with overweight or obesity.MethodsThis was a randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study with administration of 2.5-360 mg BI 187004 or placebo once daily as single dose in 72 healthy volunteers with overweight or obesity.Assessments included 11beta-HSD1 inhibition in the liver (assessed indirectly by urinary tetrahydrocortisol/tetrahydrocotisone ratio) and in subcutaneous adipose tissue ex vivo and determination of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones.ResultsBI 187004 was well tolerated and safe in all tested dose groups. The incidence of drug-related adverse events was 16.7% (n=9) for all 9 BI 187004 dose groups and 5.9% (n=1) for placebo. All treatment groups were similar concerning kind and intensity of adverse events. No clinically relevant deviations in clinical laboratory or ECG parameters were reported. Exposure of BI 187004 increased non‑proportionally over the entire dose range tested. The geometric mean apparent terminal half-life decreased from 33.5h (5 mg) to 14.5h (160 mg) remaining stable up to 360 mg. Renal excretion of BI 187004 was low (3-5%). Urinary tetrahydrocortisol/tetrahydrocotisone ratio decreased, indicating liver 11beta-HSD1 inhibition. Median inhibition of 11beta-HSD1 in subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies following single dosing ranged from 86.8% (10 mg) to 99.5% (360 mg) after 10h and from 59.4% (10 mg) to 98.6% (360 mg) after 24h. ConclusionsBI 187004 as single dose was safe and well tolerated and is suitable for once daily dosing. There was significant, sustained 11beta-HSD1 inhibition in liver and adipose tissue. Trial registry number: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01587417, registered on 26-Apr-2012, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01587417
Dynamical Social Modeling for Energy Selections in Era of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Jang Kyung Bae , Baek Chang Hyun , Choi Jong Du , WOO TAEHO
Published: November 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
WITHDRAWN: Effects of Lizardite Addition on Technological Properties of Forsterite-Monticellite Rich White Ceramics Prepared From Natural Magnesite and Dolomite
Authors: Manni Ahmed , Harrati Achraf , Haddar Abdelilah El , Chari Abdelwahed , Sdiri Ali , Hassani Fahd Oudrhiri , Bouari Abdeslam El , Hassani Iz-Eddine El Amrani El , Sadik Chaouki
Published: November 2020

Lizardite rich peridotite has never been used to prepare ceramic specimens, especially in Morocco. For this raison, potential use of naturally abundant lazirditic material from the Rif domain (NW morocco), as a supply for ceramic industry, has been evaluated. The effects of lizardite addition to magnesite and dolomite mixtures on the thermomechanical properties of the calcined ceramics were also detailed. To achieve this target, natural lizardite, magnesite and dolomite samples were collected in ultrabasic Beni Bousra massif. Those raw samples were used for the synthesis of a forsterite-monticellite rich ceramics. Both raw and sintered samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Main physical and mechanical properties were assessed and correlated to their respective microstructural changes. The obtained results showed that both magnesite and dolomite were mainly composed of MgCO3 and CaCO3. In contrast, lizardite sample showed high amounts of silica, magnesia and iron oxide. Technological tests indicated that the prepared mixtures had increased flexural strengths. An increased amount of lizardite in the initial mixtures enhanced mechanical properties of the prepared ceramic specimens. The same data showed that lizardite has led to a decrease in linear shrinkage during calcination and subsequently, the production of ceramics with the required technological properties. Thus, the preparation of lizardite-based ceramics from the raw material deposits of the Rif area, Morocco, is technically feasible, economically justifiable and socially desirable due to the contribution to the economic growth of the raw materials sector, especially ceramic industry.
iTRAQ-Based Sperm Proteomic Analyses Reveals Candidate Proteins Affecting the Quality of Spermatozoa From Boar on Plateaus
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Wang Yaomei , Guo Feipeng , Lu Bo , Sun Jiale , Wang Jianzhou , Ren Zili
Published: November 2020

Background: Tibetan pigs (TP) exhibit heritable adaptations to their hypoxic environments as a result of natural selection. Whereas, what candidate proteins affecting the sperm quality of boar on plateaus has not been clearly investigated yet. Methods: In this study, to reveal the candidate proteins affecting the quality of spermatozoa from boar on plateaus, we analyzed the sperm quality by Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system and Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, compared the sperm proteomes between TP and Yorkshire pigs (YP) raised at high altitudes using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) in combination with the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomic method, and confirmed the relative expression levels of the four proteins by western blot. Results: The sperm quality of the TP was superior to that of the YP on plateaus. Of 1,555 quantified proteins, 318 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the DEPs were predominantly associated with the sorbitol metabolic process, removal of superoxide radicals, cellular response to superoxide, response to superoxide and regulation of the mitotic spindle assembly. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were mainly enriched in pathways involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, glutathione metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and estrogen signaling. And based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, we identified 8 candidate proteins (FN1, EGF, HSP90B1, CFL1, GPX4, NDUFA6, VDAC2, and CP) that might play important roles that affect the sperm quality of boar on plateaus. Moreover, the relative expression levels of the proteins (CFL1, EGF, FN1, and GPX4) were confirmed by western blot. Conclusions: Our results reveal 8 candidate proteins (FN1, EGF, HSP90B1, CFL1, GPX4, NDUFA6, VDAC2, and CP) affecting the sperm quality of boar on plateaus, providing a reference for studies on improving sperm quality and the molecular breeding of boar on plateaus.
Insights into Preventing Female Genital Mutilation/cutting in Sri Lanka: A Qualitative Interpretative Study.
Authors: Dawson Angela , Wijewardene Kumudu
Published: November 2020

Background: FGM/C is a cultural practice associated with adverse health outcomes that involves the partial or complete removal of the external female genitalia or injury to the genitalia. FGM/C is a form of violence against women and girls. There are no laws that specifically outlaw FGM/C in Sri Lanka and no national prevalence data. There is a lack of evidence about this practice to inform prevention efforts required to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 5.3.2, that focuses on the elimination of all harmful practices including FGM/C. Methods: We undertook a qualitative interpretative study to explore the knowledge and perceptions of community members, religious leaders and professionals from the health, legal and community work sectors in five districts across Sri Lanka. We aimed to identify strategies to end this practice. Results: Two-hundred-and twenty one people participated in focus group discussions and key informant interviews. A template analysis identified five top-level themes: Providers, procedures and associated rituals; demand and decision-making; the role of religion; perceived benefits and adverse outcomes; ways forward for prevention. Conclusions: This study delivered detailed knowledge of FGM/C related beliefs, perceptions and practitioners and provided opportunities for the development of an integrated programming strategy that incorporates interventions across three levels of prevention.
The Development of the WHO Labour Care Guide: An International Survey of Maternity Care Providers
Authors: Pingray Veronica , Bonet Mercedes , Berrueta Mabel , Mazzoni Agustina , Belizán María , Keil Netanya , Vogel Joshua , Althabe Fernando , Oladapo Olufemi T.
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe partograph is the most commonly used labour monitoring tool globally. However, it is used incorrectly or inconsistently in many settings. In 2018, a WHO expert group reviewed and revised the design of the partograph in view of emerging evidence and developed the first version of the Labour Care Guide (LCG). The objective of this study was to explore views and opinions of skilled health personnel on the first version of the WHO Labour Care Guide.MethodsSkilled health personnel (including obstetricians, midwives and general practitioners) of any age and gender from Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America were identified through a large global research network. Country coordinators from the network invited 5 to 10 mid-level and senior skilled health personnel who have worked in labour wards anytime in the last 5 years. A self-administered, anonymous, structured, online questionnaire including closed and open-ended questions was designed to assess the clarity, relevance, appropriateness of the frequency of recording, and the completeness of the variables on the LCG. ResultsA total of 110 respondents from 23 countries completed the survey between December 2018 and January 2019. Variables included in the LCG were generally considered clear, relevant and with appropriate recording frequency. Most sections of the LCG were considered complete. Respondents agreed or strongly agreed with the overall design, structure of the LCG, and the usefulness of reference thresholds to trigger further assessment and actions. They also agreed that LCG will potentially impact positively on clinical decision-making and respectful maternity care. Respondents disagreed with the value of some variables including coping, urine, and neonatal status.ConclusionsFuture end-users of WHO next generation partograph considered the variables to be clear, relevant and appropriate, and to have the potential to positively impact on clinical decision-making and respectful maternity with minor improvements.
A Systematic Review on International Health Policy and Services Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: He Anqi , Yu Yan , Zheng Si , kelifa Mohammedhamid Osman , Jiang Junfeng , Wang Peigang
Published: November 2020

Background: The number of research publications on health policy and services has been strikingly increasing. This study aimed to reveal the current status and trends of global research on health policy and services and provide insights for health policy and services research. Methods: Based on the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) database, research on health policy and services published between 1999 and 2018 were identified. The published journals, temporal trends, collaboration between countries/territories and research institutions, and hotspots in health policy and services’ research were analyzed using bibliometric analysis. Results: The number of health policy and services publications has been continuously increasing since 1999, especially after 2008. Health Affairs, Medical Care, and Health Services Research were the most active journals in this field. Scholars from the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK) and Canada have published more related publications than other countries. Further, The US produced the largest number of independent and collaborative articles, and it took a central position in the collaboration network and had the greatest number of prolific institutions. Harvard University was the largest contributor of single-institution and collaborative publications and occupied a key position in collaborative networks. A keywords analysis demonstrated that medicare, quality of care, and primary care have always been researched hotspots in this field. The rankings of implementation, patient safety, and disparities have risen the most, suggesting a new research trend in the field since the 21st century. Conclusions: Our study identified the temporal and spatial characteristics, academic collaborations, and hotspots in scientific research output in the area of health policy and services. It can provide insights for health policy and services research and global health governance.
Epidemiological Patterns of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Vietnam. Ecological Study
Authors: Sivčo Patrik , Hoang Giang Nguyen , Melichová Juliana , Plančíková Dominika , Majdan Marek , Rusnák Martin
Published: November 2020

Vietnam is a SEA country with a high burden of NCD and hypertension and diabetes are among the top contributors to premature mortality. The recent reviews reported the rapidly growing prevalence of these two chronic conditions in Vietnam. To investigate the epidemiological burden of HT and DM type 2 in Vietnam an ecological study employing secondary data analysis was conducted. The study was a part of the SUNI SEA project implementation with the aim to put the basis for the research hypothesis for the SUNI SEA project in Vietnam. Data from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation and Vietnamese Health statistics years books were analysed by linear and polynomial regression analyses, Kendall rank correlation and Pearson correlation. On average 19% of all deaths and 9% of all DALYs were associated with high SBP and 2% of all deaths and 2% of all DALYs were attributable to DM type 2 between 1990-2017 in Vietnam. Differences between genders were recognizable mainly in CVDs and high SBP death rates. The decrease in the number of elementary nurses, as well as the increase in health insurance expenditures per inpatient, seems to be with the highest certainty correlated with HT and type 2 DM death and DALYs rates. If the tracked progress remains at the same pace, in the category of Good health and well-being Vietnam seems not to be able to achieve the desired threshold by 2030 as committed by United Nations Member States in 2015. Developing regulatory frameworks and social demand for professionalism in Vietnam could encourage nurses to pursue higher education but the essential role of elementary nurses became more sensible. The health financing reform that shifts resources from hospital care to primary care should be developed to improve access to early diagnosis and chronic care.
Effects of Subjective Successful Aging on Emotional and Coping Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yeung Dannii , Chung Edwin , Lam Alfred , Ho Alvin
Published: November 2020

Background: Middle-aged and older adults are more vulnerable to hospitalization and mortality if they are infected with the COVID-19 virus. The present study investigates the longitudinal effects of subjective successful aging on middle-aged and older adults’ emotional and coping responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and explores an underlying mechanism through perceived time limitation during the pandemic. Methods: A sample of 311 Hong Kong Chinese middle-aged and older adults (Mage=64.58, SD=10.14, Range=45–90 years) were recruited from an Adult Development and Aging Project and participated in a questionnaire study via an online platform or phone interview. Their levels of subjective successful aging, perceived time limitation, and emotional and coping responses to the pandemic were measured.Results: The respondents who perceived themselves as more successful in aging process reported more positive and fewer negative emotions compared with their counterparts with lower levels of subjective successful aging. The mediation analysis showed that perceived time limitation could partially account for the effects of subjective successful aging on emotional and coping responses. Conclusions: Findings of this study unveil the beneficial effects of subjective views of successful aging on emotional and coping responses to the pandemic through alleviating their perception of time limitation.
The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria control in Africa: a systematic review of modelling studies and population surveys
Authors: Amimo Floriano , Lambert Ben , Magit Anthony , Hashizume Masahiro
Published: November 2020

Background We reviewed current evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria across Africa.Methods We searched medical databases up to 15 September 2020 for epidemiological studies that investigated the impact of COVID-19 on HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria in terms of morbidity, mortality, or healthcare accessibility, covering African countries. We consulted global health and government sources for population surveys providing relevant primary data. We employed meta-study to assess evidence. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020209265.Results Of the 128 records screened, 14 epidemiological studies were included in the analysis. We identified 5 population surveys. The largest effect of COVID-19 related disruption of HIV, TB, and malaria services is projected to result from interruption of ART, decline in TB case detection, and interruption of insecticide treated bed nets distribution campaigns, respectively. However, most modelling studies substantially underestimated the potential implications of COVID-19 on HIV, TB, and malaria in Africa and focused on the disruption of healthcare resulting from reduction in the capacity of healthcare provider. Reduced capacity of patients to use health services and adhere to treatment may also contribute to poor outcomes even when health systems capabilities are restored or unaffected. Moreover, these models do not account for any potential interaction of HIV, TB, and malaria with COVID-19, although empirical evidence shows that coinfection between HIV and TB with COVID-19 is significantly associated with increased mortality risk in Africa.Conclusions Current evidence is largely speculative. Innovative COVID-19 resilient solutions calibrated to local vulnerabilities are vital to ensure continuity of care and prevent the emergence of further potentially larger crises.
In Silico studies of Natural compounds that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Nsp1/Nsp3 proteins mediated Viral Replication and Pathogenesis
Authors: Manikyam Hemanth Kumar
Published: November 2020

Highly Transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that emerged in late December of 2019 caused Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), which challenged human health and public safety. Severity of the disease depends on the viral load and the type of mutation that occurred in the coronavirus. Nonstructural proteins like, Nsp1, Nsp3, Nsp12 and Nsp13 including other viral proteins plays important role during viral replication life cycle. Viral Replication initiated by hacking the host cellular mechanism either by synergy or by suppression using nucleocapsid proteins of the virus. Spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) and TRMPSS as a cell entry. Once virus enters host cell, nucleocapsid proteins along with its genome is releases from endosomes into cytosol of the host cell. Ca2+/CaM (Calmodulin)/Calcineurin complex of the host cell plays important role during viral replication which is mediated by nucleocapsid proteins of the virus. Nsp1/Nsp3 nonstructural proteins triggers synergetic activity with CD147/CyPA/HSPG pathway and TRMP2/ADPr/Ca+2 mediated Ca2+/CaM (Calmodulin)/Calcineurin synthesis and free radicle generation in mitochondria leading to viral replication and severe chemokine activation pathways. Docking studies were carried out to inhibit Cyclophilin A and TRMP2 proteins as drug targets. Natural compounds like Withanolide A, Columbin, Cucurbitacin E, Boswellic acid along with Cyclosporines, Vitamin E and N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) were selected as ligands to study docking studies. Withanolide A and Cyclosporines had shown good inhibition activity against Cyclophilin A, whereas Columbin, Boswellic acid, Cucurbitacin E, Vitamin E and N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) had shown inhibitory activity against TRMP2. Thus, we suggest conducting further studies to conclude above pathways mechanism and inhibitory effect of natural compounds against the Nsp1/Nsp3 mediated pathways Invitro and In vivo.
Prone position in wards for spontaneous breathing Covid-19 patients: a retrospective study.
Authors: Wormser Johan , Romanet Christophe , Philippart François
Published: November 2020

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused a large number of non-ventilated hypoxemic patients to require the use of prone position. The aim of this study is to measure the efficiency and tolerance of prone positioning in ward hypoxemic patients treated for Covid-19. This retrospective study included confirmed Covid-19 hypoxemic patients treated by at least one prone position session. Primary outcome was pulse oximetry over inspired oxygen fraction ratio (SpO2/FiO2) before, during and after prone position. Secondary outcomes were failure, adverse events and poor tolerance rate. Twenty-seven patients were included. During first, second and third sessions, SpO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly higher during posture than before (p<0.0001, p<0.01 and p<0.01 respectively). Eighteen patients were responders (defined as an improvement of SpO2/FiO2 of more than 50) during the first posture and have a shorter length of hospital stay than non-responders patients. Failure rate was 5 %, poor tolerance and adverse events rates were 8 % and 7 % respectively. Our study found that prone position in wards improved alveolar exchange during posture and is well-tolerated. This technique could be used in any medical ward.
Structural analogues of existing anti-viral drugs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase: A computational hierarchical investigation
Authors: Hasan Md. Kamrul , Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Manjur Omar Hamza Bin , Mahmud Araf , Hussain Nazmul , Mondal Muhammad Shafiul Alam , Hosen Md. Ismail , Bello Martiniano , Rahman Atiqur
Published: November 2020

It’s been more than 8 months since COVID-19 became a pandemic and scientists all over the world are struggling to find suitable solutions to combat it. Multiple repurposed drugs have already been in several trials or recently completed. However, none of them shows any promising effect in combating COVID-19. Therefore, developing an effective drug is an unmet global need. RdRP (RNA dependent RNA polymerase) plays a pivotal role in viral replication therefore, it is considered as a prime target of drugs that may treat COVID-19. In this study, we have screened a library of compounds, containing approved RdRP inhibitor drugs in use to treat other viruses (Favipiravir, Sofosbuvir, Ribavirin, Lopinavir, Tenofovir, Ritonavir, Galidesivir and Remdesivir) and their structural homologues, in order to identify potential inhibitors of SARS-Cov-2 RdRP. Extensive screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics show that five structural analogues have notable inhibitory effects against RdRP of SARS-Cov-2. Importantly, comparative protein-antagonists interaction revealed that these compounds fit well in the pocket of RdRP. ADMET analysis of these compounds suggests their potency as drug candidates. Our identified compounds may serve as potential therapeutics for COVID-19.
Competing risk between in-hospital mortality and recovery: An application of DeepHit on COVID-19 clinical data
Authors: M.K. Lintu , Kamath Asha
Published: November 2020

Unexplained pneumonia appeared in Wuhan was soon determined to be a novel coronavirus disease, referred to as COVID-19. On March 11, 2020, WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic and the virus has been recognized as a global threat. A plethora of studies is being carried out using various statistical and mathematical models to predict the probable evolution of this pandemic. Though most of them are focusing on building predictive models to assess mortality rates and risk, concentrating on the length of hospital stay can improve decision making and treatment plans. While modeling the length of stay, possible outcomes observed are either discharge or mortality. Modeling the duration of recovery and death provides valuable information for health officials to design proper strategies to reduce the burden on the health system during the outbreak. In this study, we are exploring this competing event aspect of the survival data obtained from COVID-19 patients using the state-of-the-art model DeepHit, a discrete survival model.
Impact of nephron sparing surgery on survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients stratified by tumor characteristics
Authors: Jin Liang , Zhai Ting-shuai , Zhou Zhen , Liu Xiang , Zhang Jia-xin , Nie Xiao-cui , Liu Hui-qing , Yao Xu-dong , Yue Feng , Ye Lin
Published: November 2020

Background: We aimed to evaluate the impact of nephron sparing surgery (NSS) on survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients stratified by tumor grade and stage compared to radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) or no surgery. Methods: Overall, 10319 UTUC patients between 2004 and 2015 were extracted from the SEER database. Patients were divided into no surgery group, NSS group and RNU group. Kaplan-Meier plots illustrated survival rates according to surgical method. Multivariable Cox regression analyses assessed the effect of different surgical methods on survival rates. Result: Among the 10319 UTUC patients. Kaplan-Meier plots showed that NSS was associated with a higher overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ and AJCC stage Ⅳ patients (all p <0.05). In multivariable Cox regression analyses, NSS was prone to a higher OS or CSS in grade Ⅲ ( p > 0.05). Moreover, NSS predisposed to a higher OS only in AJCC stage Ⅳ ( p <0.05). Conclusion: The beneficial effect of NSS was evident in grade Ⅲ or AJCC stage Ⅳ. NSS can be considered in grade Ⅲ or stage Ⅳ, for other grades or stages remains to be seen, both of which will be verified by further prospective research.
Effect of different types of cerebral perfusion for acute type A aortic dissection undergoing aortic arch procedure, unilateral versus bilateral
Authors: Liu Zhengqin , Wang Chen , Zhang Xiquan , Wu Shuming , Fang Changcun , Pang Xinyan
Published: November 2020

Background: Antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP), including unilateral and bilateral, is most commonly used for cerebral protection in aortic surgery. There is still no consensus on the superiority of the two methods. Our research aimed to investigate the clinical effects of u-ACP and b-ACP. Methods: 321 of 356 patients with type A aortic dissection were studied retrospectively. 124 patients (38.6%) received u-ACP, and 197 patients (61.4%) received b-ACP. We compared the incidence of postoperative neurological complications and other collected data between two groups. Besides, we also analyzed perioperative variables to find the potential associated factors for neurological dysfunction (ND). Results: For u-ACP group, 54 patients (43.5%) had postoperative neurological complications, including 22 patients (17.7%) with permanent neurologic dysfunction (PND) and 32 patients (25.8%) with temporary neurologic dysfunction (TND). For b-ACP group, 47 patients (23.8%) experienced postoperative neurological complications, including 16 patients (8.1%) of PND and 31 patients (15.7%) of TND. The incidence of PND and TND were significantly different between two groups along with shorter CPB time (p=0.016), higher nasopharyngeal temperature (p≦0.000), shorter ventilation time (p=0.018), and lower incidence of hypoxia (p=0.022). Furthermore, multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis confirmed that preoperative neurological dysfunction (OR=1.20, P= 0.028), CPB duration (OR=3.21, P=0.002), and type of cerebral perfusion (OR=1.48, P=0.017) were strongly associated with postoperative ND. Conclusions: In our study, it was observed that b-ACP procedure exhibited shorter CPB time, milder hypothermia, shorter ventilation time, lower incidence of postoperative hypoxia, and neurological dysfunction compared to u-ACP. Meanwhile, the incidence of ND was independently associated with three factors: preoperative neurological dysfunction, CPB time, and type of cerebral perfusion.
GsLTP, a Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein from Glycine soja, Enhances Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco
Authors: Fan Jinping , Liu Jingshuang , Cao Lei , Wang Jiayue , Meng Qingxue , Che Daidi
Published: November 2020

Background: Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) mainly exist in plant cell walls where they make an important impact in the transport of diverse lipophilic compounds. They have an important effect on the stress tolerance of plants by mediating plant responses to environmental stimuli and cell signal transduction pathways. Although the functions of several LTPS in different plant species have been identified, little is known about the biochemical and enzymatic activities of LTP family members in soybeans.Results: Herein, GsLTP was identified from Glycine soja using soybean gene microarray expression and screened in a salt stress expressed sequence tag (EST) library. The 369 bp open reading frame (ORF) encodes a protein of 122 amino acids. The cDNA sequence shares similarity with LTP genes in other plants such as soybean (93%) and Vigna (72%). The function of the gene was characterized in transgenic tobacco. Various physiological characteristics under different environmental stresses were investigated. We discovered that overexpression of GsLTP enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stresses.Conclusions: Our results indicate that GsLTP plays an important role in multiple abiotic signalling pathways, and provide a theoretical basis and practical gene resource for crop breeding.
Robot-assisted sleeve gastrectomy in patients with obesity with a novel Chinese domestic MicroHand SⅡ surgical system
Authors: Li Weizheng , Kong Kang , Li Pengzhou , Wang Guohui , Cui Beibei , Zhu Liyong , Zhu Shaihong
Published: November 2020

Background: A new member has been added to the Chinese MicroHand surgical robot family, developed based on the successful application of control algorithms. As a benefit of using these specialized control algorithms, the motion mapping relation can be built up without the help of a built-in image system, resulting in a novel Chinese domestic surgical robot with two arms called MicroHand SⅡ, which is different from the former MicroHand S and da Vinci systems. The analysis technique of clinical practise using the Chinese domestic surgical robot to perform sleeve gastrectomy is not well presented. In this study, we investigate the performance of a novel MicroHand SⅡ robotic platform in patients with obesity. Methods: From March 2018 to April 2019, a total of 7 patients affected by obesity were operated on with the robot-assisted technique using the MicroHand SⅡ surgical system. Data regarding demography, surgical procedure and the 3-month outcome postoperation were collected.Results: There were 2 female and 5 male patients with a mean age of 34.0±11.4 years. The mean operative time was 166.4 ±16.1 minutes. None were converted to open surgery. All anthropometry indices improved significantly at 3 months postoperatively.Conclusions: In conclusion, the Chinese domestic robot surgical system MicroHand SⅡ could be feasibly and safely applied in sleeve gastrectomy in patients with obesity. This robotic platform has presented its own obvious advantages.
Association between platelet count and mucosal healing in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Furukawa Shinya , Yagi Sen , Shiraishi Kana , Mori Kenichirou , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Kawasaki Keitarou , Mizukami Yuji , Suzuki Seiyuu , Uraoka Masayoshi , Shibata Naozumi , Nakamura Sanae , Imamine Satoshi , Murakami Hidehiro , Ohashi Katsuhisa , Torisu Masamoto , Hasebe Aki , Yano Harumi , Murakami Masato , Takeshita Eiji , Ikeda Yoshio , Hiasa Yoichi
Published: November 2020

Background: Mucosal healing (MH) has been indicated as the therapeutic goal for ulcerative colitis (UC). Platelet count is known as an inflammation evaluation. However, the association between platelet count and MH among patients with UC is still scarce. We therefore assessed this issue among Japanese patients with UC. Methods: The study subjects consisted of 345 Japanese patients with UC. Platelet count was divided into quartiles on the basis of the distribution of all study subjects (low, moderate, high, and very high). Several endoscope specialists were responsible for evaluating MH and partial MH, which was defined as a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0 and 0-1, respectively. Estimations of crude odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for partial MH and MH in relation to platelet count were performed using logistic regression analysis. Age, sex, CRP, steroid use, and anti-Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) preparation were selected a priori as potential confounding factors. Results: The percentage of partial MH and MH were 63.2 and 26.1%, respectively. Moderate and very high was independently inversely associated with partial MH (moderate: OR 0.40 [95%CI: 0.19-0.810], very high: OR 0.37 [95%CI: 0.17-0.77], p for trend= 0.034). Similarly, moderate, high, and very high were independently inversely associated with MH (moderate: OR 0.37 [95% CI: 0.18-0.73], high: OR 0.41 [95% CI: 0.19-0.83], and very high: OR 0.45 [95% CI: 0.21-0.94], p for trend = 0.033) after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusions: Among patients with UC, platelet count was independently inversely associated with MH.