bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copper/Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization/Cross‐Coupling Cascade Reaction of 2‐gem‐Dibromovinyl Aryl Selenides: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzo[b]selenophenes
Authors: Bilheri Filipe N. , Pistoia Renan P. , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson
Published: October 2017

Copper/palladium‐catalyzed multicomponent cyclization reactions, which combine 2‐gem‐dibromovinyl aryl selenides with a nucleophilic source, were applied to the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzo[b]selenophenes. A systematic study of the cyclization system revealed that the mutual action between copper and palladium salts is essential for the formation of products in good yields, avoiding the formation of hydrogenated benzo[b]selenophenes. The versatility of 2‐bromobenzo[b]selenophenes was also studied by palladium‐catalyzed reactions with boronic acids, Grignard reagents and methyl acrylate affording the cross‐coupled products in good yields. In addition, the reaction of 2‐bromobenzo[b]selenophene towards halogen‐lithium exchange reactions followed by the addition of aldehyde afforded the corresponding secondary alcohol.

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Hyper‐CVAD plus nelarabine in newly diagnosed adult T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: Abaza Yasmin , M. Kantarjian Hagop , Faderl Stefan , Jabbour Elias , Jain Nitin , Thomas Deborah , Kadia Tapan , Borthakur Gautam , D. Khoury Joseph , Burger Jan , Wierda William , O'Brien Susan , Konopleva Marina , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Kebriaei Partow , Dabaja Bouthaina , Kornblau Steven , Alvarado Yesid , Daver Naval , Pemmaraju Naveen , Bose Prithviraj , Thompson Philip , Al Azzawi Hind , Kelly Mary , Garris Rebecca , Jain Preetesh , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Cortes Jorge , Ravandi Farhad
Published: October 2017

Nelarabine, a water soluble prodrug of 9‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosylguanine (ara‐G), is a T‐cell specific purine nucleoside analogue. Given its activity in relapsed and refractory T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) and T lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL), we sought to define its role in the frontline treatment of adult patients. Therefore, we conducted a single arm phase 2 study to determine the safety and efficacy of nelarabine in combination with hyper‐CVAD in newly diagnosed patients. For induction/consolidation, patients received eight cycles of hyper‐CVAD alternating with high‐dose methotrexate and cytarabine plus two cycles of nelarabine given at a dose of 650 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 5 days. This was followed by thirty months of POMP maintenance chemotherapy with two additional cycles of nelarabine given instead of cycles 6 and 7 of POMP maintenance. Sixty‐seven patients, including 40 with T‐ALL and 26 with T‐LBL, were enrolled. Complete response rates in both T‐ALL and T‐LBL were 87% and 100% respectively. Grade 3 to 4 neurotoxic adverse events were reported in 5 patients. There were 21 relapses (31%) including 2 after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Median duration of follow‐up was 42.5 months. The 3‐year complete remission duration (CRD) and overall survival (OS) rates were 66% and 65%, respectively. Compared to our historic hyper‐CVAD data, there was no survival benefit with the addition of nelarabine. In conclusion, hyper‐CVAD plus nelarabine was well tolerated and active in the frontline treatment of adult T‐ALL/LBL patients.
Polyproline as a Minimal Antifreeze Protein Mimic That Enhances the Cryopreservation of Cell Monolayers
Authors: Graham Ben , Bailey Trisha L. , Healey Joseph R. J. , Marcellini Moreno , Deville Sylvain , Gibson Matthew I.
Published: October 2017

Tissue engineering, gene therapy, drug screening, and emerging regenerative medicine therapies are fundamentally reliant on high‐quality adherent cell culture, but current methods to cryopreserve cells in this format can give low cell yields and require large volumes of solvent “antifreezes”. Herein, we report polyproline as a minimum (bio)synthetic mimic of antifreeze proteins that is accessible by solution, solid‐phase, and recombinant methods. We demonstrate that polyproline has ice recrystallisation inhibition activity linked to its amphipathic helix and that it enhances the DMSO cryopreservation of adherent cell lines. Polyproline may be a versatile additive in the emerging field of macromolecular cryoprotectants.
Breaking Bonds and Forming Nanographene Diradicals with Pressure
Authors: Desroches Maude , Mayorga Burrezo Paula , Boismenu‐Lavoie Joël , Peña Álvarez Miriam , Gómez‐García Carlos J. , Matxain Jon M. , Casanova David , Morin Jean‐François , Casado Juan
Published: October 2017

New anthanthrone‐based polycyclic scaffolds possessing peripheral crowded quinodimethanes have been prepared. While the compounds adopt a closed‐shell butterfly‐shaped structure in the ground state, a curved‐to‐planar fluxional inversion is accessible with a low energy barrier through a biradicaloid transition state. Inversion is primarily driven by the release of strain associated with steric hindrance at the peri position of the anthanthrone core; a low‐lying diradical state is accessible through planarization of the core, which is attained in solution at moderate temperatures. The most significant aspect of this transformation is that planarization is also achieved by application of mild pressure in the solid state, wherein the diradical remains kinetically trapped. Complementary information from quantum chemistry, 1H NMR, and Raman spectroscopies, together with magnetic experiments, is consistent with the formation of a nanographene‐like structure that possesses radical centers localized at the exo‐anthanthrone carbons bearing phenyl substituents.
Azido‐Functionalized 5′ Cap Analogues for the Preparation of Translationally Active mRNAs Suitable for Fluorescent Labeling in Living Cells
Authors: Mamot Adam , Sikorski Pawel J. , Warminski Marcin , Kowalska Joanna , Jemielity Jacek
Published: October 2017

The 7‐methylguanosine (m7G) cap structure is a unique feature present at the 5′ ends of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and it can be subjected to extensive modifications, resulting in alterations to mRNA properties (e.g. translatability, susceptibility to degradation). It also can provide molecular tools to study mRNA metabolism. We developed new mRNA 5′ cap analogues that enable the site‐specific labeling of RNA at the 5′ end using strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) without disrupting the basic function of mRNA in protein biosynthesis. Some of these azide‐functionalized compounds are equipped with additional modifications to augment mRNA properties. The application of these tools was demonstrated by labeling translationally active mRNAs in living cells.
Interrogating Membrane Protein Conformational Dynamics within Native Lipid Compositions
Authors: Reading Eamonn , Hall Zoe , Martens Chloe , Haghighi Tabasom , Findlay Heather , Ahdash Zainab , Politis Argyris , Booth Paula J.
Published: October 2017

The interplay between membrane proteins and the lipids of the membrane is important for cellular function, however, tools enabling the interrogation of protein dynamics within native lipid environments are scarce and often invasive. We show that the styrene–maleic acid lipid particle (SMALP) technology can be coupled with hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX‐MS) to investigate membrane protein conformational dynamics within native lipid bilayers. We demonstrate changes in accessibility and dynamics of the rhomboid protease GlpG, captured within three different native lipid compositions, and identify protein regions sensitive to changes in the native lipid environment. Our results illuminate the value of this approach for distinguishing the putative role(s) of the native lipid composition in modulating membrane protein conformational dynamics.
A Nickel‐Catalyzed Carbonyl‐Heck Reaction
Authors: Vandavasi Jaya Kishore , Hua XiYe , Halima Hamdi Ben , Newman Stephen G.
Published: October 2017

The use of transition‐metal catalysis to enable the coupling of readily available organic molecules has greatly enhanced the ability of chemists to access complex chemical structures. In this work, an intermolecular coupling reaction that unites organotriflates and aldehydes is presented. A unique catalyst system is identified to enable this reaction, featuring a Ni0 precatalyst, a tridentate Triphos ligand, and a bulky amine base. This transformation provides access to a variety of ketone‐containing products without the selectivity‐ and reactivity‐related challenges associated with more traditional Friedel–Crafts reactions. A Heck‐type mechanism is postulated, wherein the π bond of the aldehyde takes the role of the olefin in the insertion/elimination steps.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Palladium‐Catalyzed Radical Alkylation of C−H Bonds with Unactivated Alkyl Bromides
Authors: Zhou Wen‐Jun , Cao Guang‐Mei , Shen Guo , Zhu Xing‐Yong , Gui Yong‐Yuan , Ye Jian‐Heng , Sun Liang , Liao Li‐Li , Li Jing , Yu Da‐Gang
Published: October 2017

Reported herein is a novel visible‐light photoredox system with Pd(PPh3)4 as the sole catalyst for the realization of the first direct cross‐coupling of C(sp3)−H bonds in N‐aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines with unactivated alkyl bromides. Moreover, intra‐ and intermolecular alkylations of heteroarenes were also developed under mild reaction conditions. A variety of tertiary, secondary, and primary alkyl bromides undergo reaction to generate C(sp3)−C(sp3) and C(sp2)−C(sp3) bonds in moderate to excellent yields. These redox‐neutral reactions feature broad substrate scope (>60 examples), good functional‐group tolerance, and facile generation of quaternary centers. Mechanistic studies indicate that the simple palladium complex acts as the visible‐light photocatalyst and radicals are involved in the process.
Organoiridium Photosensitizers Induce Specific Oxidative Attack on Proteins within Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhang Pingyu , Chiu Cookson K. C. , Huang Huaiyi , Lam Yuko P. Y. , Habtemariam Abraha , Malcomson Thomas , Paterson Martin J. , Clarkson Guy J. , O'Connor Peter B. , Chao Hui , Sadler Peter J.
Published: October 2017

Strongly luminescent iridium(III) complexes, [Ir(C,N)2(S,S)]+ (1) and [Ir(C,N)2(O,O)] (2), containing C,N (phenylquinoline), O,O (diketonate), or S,S (dithione) chelating ligands, have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography and DFT calculations. Their long phosphorescence lifetimes in living cancer cells give rise to high quantum yields for the generation of 1O2, with large 2‐photon absorption cross‐sections. 2 is nontoxic to cells, but potently cytotoxic to cancer cells upon brief irradiation with low doses of visible light, and potent at sub‐micromolar doses towards 3D multicellular tumor spheroids with 2‐photon red light. Photoactivation causes oxidative damage to specific histidine residues in the key proteins in aldose reductase and heat‐shock protein‐70 within living cancer cells. The oxidative stress induced by iridium photosensitizers during photoactivation can increase the levels of enzymes involved in the glycolytic pathway.
C3‐Symmetric Tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptane‐3,5,7‐triol
Authors: Kozel Volodymyr , Daniliuc Constantin‐Gabriel , Kirsch Peer , Haufe Günter
Published: October 2017

A straightforward access to a hitherto unknown C3‐symmetric tricyclic triol both in racemic and enantiopure forms has been developed. Treatment of 7‐tert‐butoxynorbornadiene with peroxycarboxylic acids provided mixtures of C1‐ and C3‐symmetric 3,5,7‐triacyloxynortricyclenes via transannular π‐cyclization and replacement of the tert‐butoxy group. By refluxing in formic acid, the C1‐symmetric esters were converted to the C3‐symmetric formate. Hydrolysis gave diastereoisomeric triols, which were separated by recrystallization. Enantiomer resolution via diastereoisomeric tri(O‐methylmandelates) delivered the target triols on a gram scale. The pure enantiomers are useful as core units of dopants for liquid crystals.
Chemically functionalized silica nanoparticles‐based solid‐phase extraction for effective pre‐concentration of highly toxic metal ions from food and water samples
Authors: Rajabi Maryam , Rahimi Mohtarameh , Hemmati Maryam , Najafi Farhood
Published: October 2017

In this research study, an efficient solid‐phase extraction procedure based on a new organometallic, effective, eco‐friendly and bio‐degradable nanoadsorbent was firstly introduced for influential pre‐concentration of Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Mn(II) ions from food and water samples followed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination. This safe adsorbent consisted of silica nanoparticles chemically functionalized with di‐ethylen tri‐amine (SiO2@NH2NPs); easily prepared via an effective and simple approach. Characterization of SiO2@NH2NPs was subsequently implemented via SEM, FT‐IR and XRD; certifying high quality of the modified nanoadsorbent in terms of size, shape and surface functional groups. The effects of the main factors on the extraction efficiency were then optimized. Efficient extraction of the analytes of interest at neutral media accompanied with the aid of a bio‐compatible organometallic nanoadsorbent can be considered as valuable advantages of the proposed approach. In the optimum conditions, calibration graphs were linear in the range of 4–700 μg l−1, with higher correlation coefficients than 0.997 and limits of detection of 1.45–4.10 ng ml−1. The enrichment factor values were found to be in the span of 120–400. The resultant extraction recovery values were satisfactory; possessing the proper relative standard deviation (%, n  =  5) values of 2.05–4.28%.
Subjective Complaints as the Main Reason for Biosimilar Discontinuation After Open‐Label Transition From Reference Infliximab to Biosimilar Infliximab
Authors: Tweehuysen Lieke , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , van Ingen Iris L. , de Jong Alphons J. L. , van der Laan Willemijn H. , van den Hoogen Frank H. J. , den Broeder Alfons A.
Published: October 2017

Objective

To evaluate drug survival, effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and safety in daily practice after transitioning treatment from original reference infliximab (Remicade [REM]) to a biosimilar infliximab (CT‐P13 [Remsima; Inflectra]) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis.

Methods

Of the initial 222 REM‐treated patients, 192 agreed to transition to CT‐P13 and were included in this multicenter prospective cohort study. Changes in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the C‐reactive protein level (DAS28‐CRP) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and changes in the CRP levels, infliximab trough levels, and anti‐infliximab antibody levels were assessed after 6 months, and adverse events (AEs) were documented. Drug survival and prognostic factors were analyzed using Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression analyses.

Results

During 6 months follow‐up, 24% of the patients (n = 47) discontinued CT‐P13. Thirty‐seven patients restarted REM, 7 switched to another biologic drug, and 3 continued without a biologic drug. The DAS28‐CRP remained stable from baseline to month 6, with a mean ± SD score of 2.2 ± 0.9 at baseline to 2.2 ± 0.8 at 6 months (difference of 0.0 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) –0.1, 0.2]). The BASDAI increased from a mean ± SD of 3.8 ± 2.0 at baseline to 4.3 ± 2.1 at 6 months (difference of +0.5 [95% CI 0.1, 0.9]). The CRP levels, infliximab trough levels, and anti‐infliximab antibody levels did not change. Just prior to CT‐P13 discontinuation, the DAS28‐CRP components tender joint count and patient's global assessment of disease activity, as well as the BASDAI were increased compared to baseline. The most frequently reported AEs were arthralgia, fatigue, pruritus, and myalgia. A shorter REM infusion interval (hazard ratio: 0.77 [95% CI 0.62, 0.95]) at baseline was predictive of discontinuing CT‐P13.

Conclusion

In our cohort, one‐fourth of patients discontinued CT‐P13 during 6 months of follow‐up, mainly due to an increase in the subjective features of the tender joint count and the patient's global assessment of disease activity and/or subjective AEs, possibly explained by nocebo effects and/or incorrect causal attribution effects.
Formate‐assisted pyrolysis of biomass: an economic and modeling analysis
Authors: AlMohamadi Hamad , Gunukula Sampath , DeSisto William J. , Wheeler M. Clayton
Published: October 2017

An economic analysis was performed to determine the economic potential and commercialization barriers of producing renewable gasoline and diesel (RGD) fuel blendstocks via formate‐assisted pyrolysis (FAsP) followed by hydrodeoxygenation processes. A process model was simulated using Aspen Plus® to estimate material and energy balances for the conversion of 2000 dry MT per day of pine sawdust. Scenarios were considered for the regeneration of formate salts from either ‐biomass‐derived and natural‐gas‐derived carbon monoxide. The material and energy balances were used to calculate capital and operating costs of RGD fuel production. An economic model was built using capital and operating costs to estimate the minimum selling price (MSP) of RGD fuel. The MSP of RGD fuels were estimated at $4.58 per gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE) and $4.80 per GGE for natural gas and biomass‐derived CO scenarios, respectively. The total capital investments of these plants were $448 million and $497 million. The feedstock cost was found to be the major cost contributor to the MSP of RGD fuel. Improving FAsP process yields will significantly reduce the production cost of RGD fuel. It has been learned that an increase in deoxygenation of bio‐oil in pyrolysis reactor decreases the capital and operating costs of bio‐oil upgrading to RGD fuel. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Colorimetric detection of oxalate in aqueous solution by a pyrogallol red‐based Cu2+ complex
Authors: Inoue Koshiro , Aikawa Shunichi , Fukushima Yasumasa
Published: October 2017

The pyrogallol red (PR)‐based Cu2+ complex was proven to be an effective and selective colorimetric chemosensing ensemble for recognition of oxalate over other anions in a perfect aqueous solution. The addition of oxalate to the PR–Cu2+ complex resulted in a colour change from purple to orange colour due to the regeneration of PR by the chelation of oxalate with Cu2+, while other anions did not induce any significant colour change. Moreover, it was revealed that no obvious interference was observed during the titrations with oxalate into each other anion. Therefore, the PR–Cu2+ complex can be used as a simple and practical colorimetric chemosensor for detecting oxalate.
Retention behavior of flavonoids on immobilized artificial membrane chromatography and correlation with cell‐based permeability
Authors: Tsopelas Fotios , Tsagkrasouli Maria , Poursanidis Pavlos , Pitsaki Maria , Vasios George , Danias Panagiotis , Panderi Irene , Tsantili‐Kakoulidou Anna , Giaginis Constantinos
Published: October 2017

The aim of the study was to investigate the immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) retention mechanism for a set of flavonoids and to evaluate the potential of IAM chromatography to model Caco‐2 permeability. For this purpose, the retention behavior of 41 flavonoid analogs on two IAM stationary phases, IAM.PC.MG and IAM.PC.DD2, was investigated. Correlations between retention factors, logkw(IAM) and octanol–water partitioning (logP) were established and the role of hydroxyl groups of flavonoids to the underlying retention mechanism was explored. IAM retention and logP values were used to establish sound linear models with Caco‐2 permeability (logPapp) taken from the literature. Both stepwise regression and multivariate analysis confirmed the contribution of hydrogen bond descriptors, as additional parameters in the either logkw(IAM) or logP models. Retention factors on both IAM stationary phases showed comparable performance with n‐octanol–water partitioning towards Caco‐2 permeability.
Longer recurrence‐free survival in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with temsirolimus
Authors: Satoh Tendo , Koie Takuya , Horiguchi Hirotaka , Tokui Noriko , Narita Satoshi , Ohyama Chikara
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical Message

Temsirolimus did not demonstrate an efficacy advantage compared with sorafenib as second‐line therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Only a few patients achieved complete responses, and the median progression‐free survival rate remains short. We report one patient with mRCC who had a continuing response to temsirolimus.
Thrombocytopenia and disseminated histoplasmosis in immunocompetent adults
Authors: Kutkut Issa , Vater Laura , Goldman Mitchell , Czader Magdalena , Swenberg Jessica , Fulkerson Zachary , Mehta Rakesh
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical Message

Disseminated histoplasmosis among immunocompetent patients is rare, but may be associated with clinically significant refractory thrombocytopenia. Platelet counts often return to normal levels following antifungal therapy. Therefore, the most important management of this refractory thrombocytopenia is the recognition and treatment of histoplasmosis infection.
Supermicrosurgical replantation of a small amputated nasal tissue in a child
Authors: Tee Richard , Woodfield Michael
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical Message

This study reports a case of an 8‐year‐old boy who suffered from a dog bite injury to the nose. The amputated nasal tissue measured approximately 1.0 × 1.5 cm and included part of the tip, alar, and soft triangle subunits. Both ends of an artery of less than 0.5 mm were found, and replantation was performed. Chemical leeching was performed postoperatively. At 5‐year follow‐up, a good aesthetic result was achieved.
Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks Decorated with Graphene Oxide for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Meng Jing , Chen Xiujin , Tian Yang , Li Zhongfeng , Zheng Qingfeng
Published: October 2017

Imaging‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT) provides an attractive way to treat cancer. A composite material of a nanoscale metal–organic framework (NMOF) and graphene oxide (GO) has been prepared for potential use in tumor‐guided PTT with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The NMOFs containing Fe3+ were prefabricated with an octahedral morphology through a solvothermal reaction to offer a strong T2‐weighted contrast in MRI. Then the NMOFs were decorated with GO nanosheets, which had good photothermal properties. After decoration, zeta‐potential characterization shows that the aqueous stability of the composite material is enhanced, UV/Vis and near‐infrared (NIR) spectra confirm that NIR absorption is also increased, and photothermal experiments reveal that the composite materials express higher photothermal conversion effects and conversion stability. The fabricated NMOF/GO shows low cytotoxicity, effective T2‐weighted contrast of MRI, and positive PTT behavior for a tumor model in vitro. The performance of the composite NMOF/GO for MRI and PTT was also tested upon injection into A549 tumor‐bearing mice. The studies in vivo revealed that the fabricated NMOF/GO was efficient in T2‐weighted imaging and ablation of the A549 tumor with low cytotoxicity, which implied that the prepared composite contrast agent was a potential multifunctional nanotheranostic agent.
New Generation Agent Defeat Weapons: Energetic N,N′‐Ethylene‐Bridged Polyiodoazoles
Authors: Zhao Gang , Kumar Dheeraj , He Chunlin , Hooper Joseph P. , Imler Gregory H. , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: October 2017

Sodium salts of iodine‐rich pyrazole and imidazole with 1‐(2‐bromoethyl)‐5‐aminotetrazole are useful precursors for energetic N,N′‐ethylene‐bridged polyiodoazoles. Compounds 1–3 were characterized with IR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as elemental analyses. The molecular structures of 1 and 2 were confirmed by using single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Heats of formation were calculated using Gaussian 03 and detonation properties and biocidal efficiency were calculated with CHEETAH 7. The decomposition products of 1–3 destroy microbes more effectively than some previously reported biocides since the thermal decomposition occurs at below 400 °C without addition of oxidizer or combustion adjuvant.
Matchmaker Exchange
Authors: Sobreira Nara L. M. , Arachchi Harindra , Buske Orion J. , Chong Jessica X. , Hutton Ben , Foreman Julia , Schiettecatte François , Groza Tudor , Jacobsen Julius O.B. , Haendel Melissa A. , Boycott Kym M. , Hamosh Ada , Rehm Heidi L. ,   on behalf of the Matchmaker Exchange Consortium
Published: October 2017

In well over half of the individuals with rare disease who undergo clinical or research next‐generation sequencing, the responsible gene cannot be determined. Some reasons for this relatively low yield include unappreciated phenotypic heterogeneity; locus heterogeneity; somatic and germline mosaicism; variants of uncertain functional significance; technically inaccessible areas of the genome; incorrect mode of inheritance investigated; and inadequate communication between clinicians and basic scientists with knowledge of particular genes, proteins, or biological systems. To facilitate such communication and improve the search for patients or model organisms with similar phenotypes and variants in specific candidate genes, we have developed the Matchmaker Exchange (MME). MME was created to establish a federated network connecting databases of genomic and phenotypic data using a common application programming interface (API). To date, seven databases can exchange data using the API (GeneMatcher, PhenomeCentral, DECIPHER, MyGene2, matchbox, Australian Genomics Health Alliance Patient Archive, and Monarch Initiative; the latter included for model organism matching). This article guides usage of the MME for rare disease gene discovery. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How Do Experts Differ from Politicians in Understanding a Conflict? A Comparison of Track I and Track II Actors
Authors: Uluğ Özden Melis , Cohrs J. Christopher
Published: October 2017

This article explores the conflict understandings of Track II actors in the Kurdish conflict context and compares them with conflict understandings of Track I actors to identify similarities and differences between these actors. The results highlight two different conflict understandings among Track II actors: a democracy and identity viewpoint, and a democracy and economy viewpoint. Integrating these results with previous results for Track I actors highlights four different conflict understandings across Track I and Track II actors: a Kurdish rights viewpoint, a democracy and freedom viewpoint, a conservative‐religious viewpoint, and a terror viewpoint.
Direct Coupling of Thermo‐ and Photocatalysis for Conversion of CO2–H2O into Fuels
Authors: Zhang Li , Kong Guoguo , Meng Yaping , Tian Jinshu , Zhang Lijie , Wan Shaolong , Lin Jingdong , Wang Yong
Published: October 2017

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction into renewable hydrocarbon solar fuels is considered as a promising strategy to simultaneously address global energy and environmental issues. This study focused on the direct coupling of photocatalytic water splitting and thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2 in the conversion of CO2–H2O into fuels. Specifically, it was found that direct coupling of thermo‐ and photocatalysis over Au−Ru/TiO2 leads to activity 15 times higher (T=358 K; ca. 99 % CH4 selectivity) in the conversion of CO2–H2O into fuels than that of photocatalytic water splitting. This is ascribed to the promoting effect of thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2 by hydrogen atoms generated in situ by photocatalytic water splitting.
Experimentally approved generalized model for circuit applications
Authors: Bilgehan Bülent , Özyapıcı Ali , Sensoy Zehra B.
Published: October 2017

In this paper, generalized model based on the multiplicative least square method presented and showed that it is convenient to approximate observation in the electrical system analysis. The introduced model is exponential based and relies on parametric values. The advantage of the method is due to exponential derivation process within multiplicative calculus and has the flexibility to represent widely used functions such as Gaussian and exponentials. In spite of numerous results on the best fitting model, we study the robustness of the method by making direct comparisons with Matlab built‐in functions. The presented model is challenging because modern electrical circuits and systems are faced with different types of inputs that require near exact representation for accurate processing. Some real applications of exponential‐based data were selected to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed representation.
Dissecting persistent instability of web service: A joint perspective of server schedule dynamics and path latency
Authors: Xue Jing'an , Wang Jilong , Liu Shengchao , Ma Xiulin , Wang Haibo
Published: October 2017

Web service has become very popular because of its portal role like searching and video streaming, as well as its convenience of building. Complex communication and computation infrastructures behind modern web service are brought forward to satisfy diverse requirements, such as content delivery networks and clouds. However, no longitudinal studies about web serving pattern dynamics have been performed.

To investigate the joint communication and computation patterns, we conducted a 1‐year fine‐grained measurement on world and China top 500 websites. Specifically, we examined path latency (perspective of communication) combined with hosting server dynamics (perspective of computation) from a longitudinal view of end user. Our result shows that persistent latency instability could exist with 2 contributors. One is persistent diurnal pattern, which exhibits significant daily latency discrepancy from 60 to 360 ms and can exist up to nearly 120 days out of 1 year. Another factor is dynamic server schedule. We design metrics and estimate to what extent server dynamics takes on over a long‐term period and how it correlates with end‐to‐end latency. Further, we take a look at topological and geographical factors of server changes that affect path latency instability. The result shows that world and China top sites have different spatial dominators in terms of server change–related latency instability.
A survey of overlay and underlay paradigms in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Kumar Bhoopendra , Kumar Dhurandher Sanjay , Woungang Isaac
Published: October 2017

In the recent years, wireless applications and services have grown tremendously, resulting to a shortage of radio spectrum. On one hand, most of the available radio spectrum has already been allocated to different users and service providers. On another hand, research and statistics have revealed that the spectrum utilization usability is very limited. To address this dilemma, the concept of cognitive radio has emerged, which promotes the use of overlay and underlay transmission techniques to boost the utilization of radio spectrum resources. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of these 2 techniques and compares them qualitatively based on several network parameters. Next, this paper simulates overlay and underlay transmission techniques in OMNeT++ simulator on different network parameters, namely, Primary user arrival rate, throughput, sensing duration, and energy consumption. Our findings reveal that neither the overlay nor the underlay technique is sufficient itself to fulfill the demands for future wireless systems, and adopting a hybrid access technique consisting of a joint utilization of overlay and underlay approaches is desirable. Furthermore, the key challenges and open research issues in radio spectrum resources utilization are discussed.
Cytology and high risk HPV testing in cervical cancer screening program: Outcome of 3‐year follow‐up in an academic institute
Authors: Yang Jack , Nolte Fredrick S. , Chajewski Olga S. , Lindsey Kathryn G. , Houser Patricia M. , Pellicier Jalidsa , Wang Qun , Ehsani Laleh
Published: October 2017

Background

Combination of cervical cytology and high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) testing, co‐testing, has been increasingly used in screening cervical cancers. The present study summarized the outcome of co‐testing by reviewing 3‐year clinical and pathological follow‐up information.

Methods

Patients were retrospectively identified via computerized search and were grouped based on the cytologic diagnosis and HR‐HPV status as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM)/HPV–, NILM/HPV+, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US)/HPV–, ASC‐US/HPV+, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)/HPV–, LSIL/HPV+, atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC‐H)/HPV–, ASC‐H/HPV+, high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)/HPV–, and HSIL/HPV+. The patients' pertinent past medical history and follow‐up information were analyzed.

Results

During 3‐year follow‐up period, histologically proven HSIL was found in 5 of 1565 (0.3%) patients with NILM/HPV–, 7 of 141 (5.0%) with NILM/HPV+, 2 of 502 (0.4%) with ASC‐US/HPV–, 30 of 274 (10.9%) with ASC‐US/HPV+, 1 of 81 (1.2%) with LSIL/HPV–, 28 of 159 (17.6%) with LSIL/HPV+, 3 of 18 (16.7%) with ASC‐H/HPV–, 34 of 69 (49.3%) with ASC‐H/HPV+, 7 of 7 (100%) with HSIL/HPV–, and 35 of 56 (62.5%) HSIL/HPV+. In reviewing 12 HSIL cases that were originally diagnosed as NILM, 7 remained as NILM, and the other 5 were reclassified as 1 HSIL, 1 ASC‐H, and 3 ASC‐US, respectively. In 18 HSIL cases with negative HR‐HPV, 12 patients had a prior history of positive HR‐HPV testing and/or positive p16 IHC stain in the follow‐up cervical biopsy.

Conclusion

HR‐HPV testing plays an important role in cervical cancer screening by identifying HSIL in patients with ASC‐US, LSIL, and NILM. Co‐testing is an optimal method to identifying the patients with higher risk for developing cervical abnormalities.
Roads to ruin: conservation threats to a sentinel species across an urban gradient
Authors: Feist Blake E. , Buhle Eric R. , Baldwin David H. , Spromberg Julann A. , Damm Steven E. , Davis Jay W. , Scholz Nathaniel L.
Published: October 2017

Urbanization poses a global challenge to species conservation. This is primarily understood in terms of physical habitat loss, as agricultural and forested lands are replaced with urban infrastructure. However, aquatic habitats are also chemically degraded by urban development, often in the form of toxic stormwater runoff. Here we assess threats of urbanization to coho salmon throughout developed areas of the Puget Sound Basin in Washington, USA. Puget Sound coho are a sentinel species for freshwater communities and also a species of concern under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Previous studies have demonstrated that stormwater runoff is unusually lethal to adult coho that return to spawn each year in urban watersheds. To further explore the relationship between land use and recurrent coho die‐offs, we measured mortality rates in field surveys of 51 spawning sites across an urban gradient. We then used spatial analyses to measure landscape attributes (land use and land cover, human population density, roadways, traffic intensity, etc.) and climatic variables (annual summer and fall precipitation) associated with each site. Structural equation modeling revealed a latent urbanization gradient that was associated with road density and traffic intensity, among other variables, and positively related to coho mortality. Across years within sites, mortality increased with summer and fall precipitation, but the effect of rainfall was strongest in the least developed areas and was essentially neutral in the most urbanized streams. We used the best‐supported structural equation model to generate a predictive mortality risk map for the entire Puget Sound Basin. This map indicates an ongoing and widespread loss of spawners across much of the Puget Sound population segment, particularly within the major regional north‐south corridor for transportation and development. Our findings identify current and future urbanization‐related threats to wild coho, and show where green infrastructure and similar clean water strategies could prove most useful for promoting species conservation and recovery.
Integrating Ecological Indicators into Federal‐State Fiscal Relations: A policy design study for Germany
Authors: Droste Nils , Ring Irene , Schröter‐Schlaack Christoph , Lenk Thomas
Published: October 2017

Protected areas (PA) provide conservation benefits and ecosystem services that spill over the boundaries of jurisdictions to other regions. In this paper we analyse the foundations of and design options for ecological fiscal transfers (EFT) that may internalize such positive external effects. We propose a model for integrating ecological indicators into the intergovernmental fiscal transfer system between federal and state‐level governments in Germany. Our approach is performance oriented and would thus compensate those states that designate an above‐average share of their area for nature conservation purposes. The suggested EFT design builds upon the existing fiscal equalization system and complies with the legal requirements for indicators determining fiscal needs. We employ an econometric analysis to demonstrate that, on average, sparsely populated states in Germany provide more PA per capita and would thus be eligible for increased fiscal transfers. A quantitative model of the fiscal transfer scheme is then used to estimate the marginal financial effects of integrating ecological indicators into federal–state fiscal relations in Germany. Moving beyond the specific case presented, we discuss the implications in terms of the specific role of EFT as a policy instrument within the broader conservation policy mix. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Using copulas to estimate the coefficient of a binary endogenous regressor in a Poisson regression: Application to the effect of insurance on doctor visits
Authors: Zimmer David
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a copula‐based method for identifying and estimating the coefficient of a binary endogenous regressor in a Poisson regression. The method offers advantages over existing approaches. Most importantly, it relies upon standard maximum likelihood approaches, and it does not require numerical integration. Further, as part of its implementation, the method provides a convenient test for the presence of endogeneity. The empirical application investigates the effect of insurance status (a binary measure) on doctor visits (a count measure).
RETRACTED: Randomized controlled trial of the effect of endometrial injury on implantation and clinical pregnancy rates during the first ICSI cycle
Authors: Maged Ahmed M. , Rashwan Hamsa , AbdelAziz Suzy , Ramadan Wafaa , Mostafa Walaa A.I. , Metwally Ahmed A. , Katta Maha
Published: October 2017

Objective

To assess whether endometrial injury in the cycle preceding controlled ovarian hyperstimulation during intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) improves the implantation and pregnancy rates.

Methods

Between January 1, 2016, and March 31, 2017, a randomized controlled trial was conducted at a center in Egypt among 300 women who met inclusion criteria (first ICSI cycle, aged <40 years, day‐3 follicle‐stimulating hormone <10 IU/L, normal serum prolactin, no uterine cavity abnormality). The women were randomly allocated using a web‐based system to undergo endometrial scratch in the cycle preceding controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (n=150) or to a control group (n=150). Only data analysts were masked to group assignment. The primary outcomes were the implantation and clinical pregnancy rates at 14 days and 4 weeks after embryo transfer, respectively. Analyses were by intention to treat.

Results

The implantation rate was significantly higher in the endometrial scratch group (41.3% [90/218]) than in the control group (30.0% [63/210]; P<0.001). The clinical pregnancy rate was also significantly higher in the endometrial scratch group (44.2% [61/138]) than in the control group (30.4% [41/135]; P<0.001).

Conclusion

Endometrial injury in the cycle preceding the stimulation cycle improved implantation and pregnancy rates during ICSI.

ClinicalTrials.gov

NCT02660125
Determining the cross‐talk between smooth muscle cells and macrophages on a cobalt‐chromium stent material surface using an in vitro postimplantation coculture model
Authors: Anderson Jordan A. , Lamichhane Sujan , Vierhout Thomas , Engebretson Daniel
Published: October 2017

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages are important cellular components involved in the development of complications following the implantation of cardiovascular devices. This leads to various disorders such as restenosis, chronic inflammation, and may ultimately result in device failure. In this study, we developed a postimplant stent coculture model using different ratios of SMCs and macrophages seeded on to cobalt‐chromium alloy. The macrophages had an increased affinity to the coculture surfaces, which resulted in decreased SMC attachment to the alloy surfaces at the initial time point. Once adhered, the macrophages spread freely and displayed advanced stages of inflammation at 48 h when cocultured with SMCs. This resulted in an increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, interleukin [IL]‐6, and IL‐8) by 48 h in the coculture samples with the greatest increase observed with the high number of macrophages. Therefore, the increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines promoted the growth of SMCs in coculture to a greater extent than when the SMCs were culture alone. Thus, this study demonstrated the constant cross‐talk between SMCs and macrophages occurring on the postimplant stent surface. Similar coculture models can be used to test the biocompatibility of drugs and biomaterials at possible postimplantation scenarios. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 673–685, 2018.
Reexamining the Relationship Between Thinking Styles and Transformational Leadership: What Is the Contribution of Imagination and Emotionality?
Authors: Curtis Guy J. , King Gillian , Russ Andrew
Published: October 2017

Several recent studies have found relationships between individual differences in information‐processing styles, as conceptualized in cognitive‐experiential theory (CET), and aspects of leadership style and leadership behavior. In these studies, two thinking‐style variables, rational thinking and behavioral coping, have consistently correlated positively with transformational leadership, a style of leadership in which leaders favorably transform followers’ attitudes and behaviors toward their work. However, expected relationships between CET’s experiential thinking system and transformational leadership have been elusive. In Study 1, school leaders’ (N = 70) thinking and leadership styles were examined using a new scale that measures experiential thinking more thoroughly than it has been in previous studies by splitting experiential thinking into intuition, imaginative thinking, and emotionality. In Study 1, rational thinking, behavioral coping, and imaginative thinking all correlated positively and significantly with transformational leadership. These results were replicated in Study 2 with the broader leadership sample (N = 93). These results suggest that effective leadership may be fostered by developing leaders’ capacity for imaginative thinking.
The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Engagement: Self‐Efficacy as a Mediator
Authors: Prochazka Jakub , Gilova Helena , Vaculik Martin
Published: October 2017

The present study investigated whether followers’ self‐efficacy mediates the relationship between a transformational leadership style and followers’ engagement. A total of 307 Czech employees evaluated the transformational leadership of their superior and their own work‐related self‐efficacy and work engagement. Of the four compared structural equation models, the model in which self‐efficacy partially mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and engagement fitted best. The relationship between transformational leadership and self‐efficacy showed to be weak, whereas the relationship between self‐efficacy and engagement appeared to be moderately strong. A mediation analysis reported weak indirect effect of transformational leadership on engagement through self‐efficacy. However, direct effect of transformational leadership on engagement was strong. Self‐efficacy explained only a small portion of the relationship between transformational leadership and engagement. Current research findings expand theories explaining changes in engagement and the mechanism of how transformational leadership influences leadership outcomes.
The Authentic‐Machiavellian Leadership Grid: A Typology of Leadership Styles
Authors: Rego Paulo , Lopes Miguel Pereira , Simpson Ace Volkmann
Published: October 2017

In a world increasingly critical of leadership, we propose a grid representing five primary leadership styles derived from Machiavellian and Authentic Leadership archetypes. We argue that Authenticity and Machiavellianism are independent constructs and not two sides of the same coin as implied in the literature. We conclude suggesting some implications of our grid for leadership accountability and decision‐making.
Understanding the Organizational Climate of Unethical Leadership in the Australian Football League
Authors: Crawford Joseph , Dawkins Sarah , Martin Angela , Lewis Gemma
Published: October 2017

Leadership theories continue to be aimed at addressing and understanding contemporary challenges in society, such as the problems created by unethical leader decisions and behaviors. In the current paper, we put forward a number of future research propositions following a case study of the Australian Football League (AFL). Specifically, we examine how the organizational climate of one such club impacted their leaders’ decision‐making in relation to a drug scandal.
Individual Flourishing and Spiritual Leadership: An Approach to Ethical Leadership
Authors: Duthely Lunthita M.
Published: October 2017

Unethical organizational practices persist, despite regulations to curb such practices. Individuals, organizations, and the economy are interdependent. Unethical transgressions begin with the individual, but affect all. Spiritual leadership is proposed as a leadership model that can contribute to ethical business practices. There is a social and economic benefit to fostering spiritually oriented practices and disciplines. In the current article, the role of individual ethical actions within organizations is examined, and how spiritual leadership, particularly at the individual level, contributes to ethical organizational behavior.
Poly(ionic liquids)‐coated stainless‐steel wires packed into a polyether ether ketone tube for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Feng Juanjuan , Wang Xiuqin , Tian Yu , Luo Chuannan , Sun Min
Published: October 2017

An in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction device was developed by packing poly(ionic liquids)‐coated stainless‐steel wires into a polyether ether ketone tube. An anion‐exchange process was performed to enhance the extraction performance. Surface properties of poly(ionic liquids)‐coated stainless‐steel wires were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. The extraction device was connected to high‐performance liquid chromatography equipment to build an online enrichment and analysis system. Ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were used as model analytes, and important conditions including extraction time and desorption time were optimized. The enrichment factors from 268 to 2497, linear range of 0.03–20 μg/L, detection limits of 0.010–0.020 μg/L, extraction and preparation repeatability with relative standard deviation less than 1.8 and 19%, respectively were given by the established online analysis method. It has been used to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples, with the relative recovery (5, 10 μg/L) in the range of 85.1–118.9%.