bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tunable electronic properties of partially edge-hydrogenated armchair boron–nitrogen–carbon nanoribbons
Authors: Alaal Naresh , Medhekar Nikhil , Shukla Alok
Published: March 2018

We employ a first-principles calculations based density-functional-theory (DFT) approach to study the electronic properties of partially and fully edge-hydrogenated armchair boron–nitrogen–carbon (BNC) nanoribbons (ABNCNRs), with widths between 0.85 nm to 2.3 nm.
Brake wear (nano)particle characterization and toxicity on airway epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Puisney Chloé , Oikonomou Evdokia K. , Nowak Sophie , Chevillot Alexandre , Casale Sandra , Baeza-Squiban Armelle , Berret Jean-François
Published: March 2018

Particulate air pollution resulting from different sources, among which are those related to road traffic, has a significant impact on human health.
Upregulating mTOR/ERK signaling with leonurine for promoting angiogenesis and tissue regeneration in a full-thickness cutaneous wound model
Authors: Wang Chenggui , Zhang Zengjie , Xu Tianzhen , Lou Yiting , Wang Qingqing , Jin Haiming , Zhang Lilian , Feng Yongzeng , Xu Huazi , Mao Cong
Published: March 2018

LN promoted the angiogenesis of endothelial cells by activating the mTOR/ERK pathway, and efficiently enhanced the wound-healing processin vivo.
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and extensively hydrolyzed casein-induced browning in a Ucp-1 reporter mouse model of obesity
Authors: Mao Liufeng , Lei Jiwen , Schoemaker Marieke H. , Ma Bingxiu , Zhong Yan , Lambers Tim T. , Van Tol Eric A. F. , Zhou Yulai , Nie Tao , Wu Donghai
Published: March 2018

Browning in adipose tissues, which can be affected by diet, may mitigate the detrimental effects of adiposity and improve longer-term metabolic health.
Supercapacitor and photocatalytic performances of hydrothermally-derived Co3O4/CoO@carbon nanocomposite
Authors: Duraisamy E. , Das Himadri T. , Selva Sharma A. , Elumalai P.
Published: March 2018

Hydrothermally-derived Co3O4/CoO@carbon nanocomposite with spike-like cobalt oxide anchored on the conductive carbon network showed excellent supercapacitor and photocatalytic performances.
Two mechanisms of nanoparticle generation in picosecond laser ablation in liquids: the origin of the bimodal size distribution
Authors: Shih Cheng-Yu , Streubel René , Heberle Johannes , Letzel Alexander , Shugaev Maxim V. , Wu Chengping , Schmidt Michael , Gökce Bilal , Barcikowski Stephan , Zhigilei Leonid V.
Published: March 2018

Novel mechanisms of nanoparticle generation in laser ablation in liquids are revealed in atomistic simulations and verified in experiments.
An ester-substituted polyfluorene derivative for light-emitting electrochemical cells: bright blue emission and its application in a host–guest system
Authors: Nagatsu Go , Sakanoue Tomo , Tane Shizuka , Yonekawa Fumihiro , Takenobu Taishi
Published: March 2018

Ester substitution realized phase compatible film blends of a polymer and an ionic liquid for bright light-emitting electrochemical cells.
Highly-ordered silicon nanowire arrays for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution: an investigation on the effect of wire diameter, length and inter-wire spacing
Authors: Thalluri Sitaramanjaneya Mouli , Borme Jerome , Xiong Dehua , Xu Junyuan , Li Wei , Amorim Isilda , Alpuim Pedro , Gaspar Joao , Fonseca Helder , Qiao Liang , Liu Lifeng
Published: March 2018

The influence of structural parameters of highly-ordered silicon nanowire arrays on their solar-driven HER performance is systematically investigated.
pH-Responsive spherical nucleic acid for intracellular lysosome imaging and an effective drug delivery system
Authors: Li Hui , Zhou Xiang , Yao Dongbao , Liang Haojun
Published: March 2018

This study presents a class of pH-responsive spherical nucleic acids that can exactly image intracellular lysosomes and be an effective drug delivery system.
An inorganic–organic hybrid photochromic material with fast response to hard and soft X-rays at room temperature
Authors: Guo Pei-Yu , Sun Cai , Zhang Ning-Ning , Cai Li-Zhen , Wang Ming-Sheng , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: March 2018

The first X-ray-induced photochromic material, with the coloration time being within 5 min when exposed to Mo-Kα and Al-Kα X-rays, was designed and synthesized.
Room-temperature distance measurements using RIDME and the orthogonal spin labels trityl/nitroxide
Authors: Kuzhelev Andrey A. , Krumkacheva Olesya A. , Shevelev Georgiy Yu. , Yulikov Maxim , Fedin Matvey V. , Bagryanskaya Elena G.
Published: March 2018

TAM and nitroxide radicals as spin labels and the RIDME as a PDS technique is a new promising strategy for studying biomolecules and their complexes at room temperatures.
Electrochemical quantification of transmitter concentration in single nanoscale vesicles isolated from PC12 cells
Authors: Li Xianchan , Dunevall Johan , Ewing Andrew G.
Published: March 2018

Vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry shows vesicular catecholamine concentration is relatively constant and independent of the vesicular size.
Synthesis and characterization of a doubly spin-labelled electrochemically driven molecular shuttle
Authors: Bleve Valentina , Franchi Paola , Gualandi Lorenzo , Romano Francesco , Mezzina Elisabetta , Lucarini Marco
Published: March 2018

The EPR properties of novel nitroxide-spin-labelled rotaxanes containing a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit and a cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) ring are described.
Preparation and characterization of an electrospun colon-specific delivery system for salmon calcitonin
Authors: Li Chen , Wei Yun-shan , Wen Peng , Feng Kun , Zong Min-hua , Wu Hong
Published: March 2018

The electrospun colon-specific fiber mat is a promising delivery system for SCT.
Constructing synergistic groups in porous aromatic frameworks for the selective removal and recovery of lead(ii) ions
Authors: Yang Yajie , Yan Zhuojun , Wang Lili , Meng Qinghao , Yuan Ye , Zhu Guangshan
Published: March 2018

Two kinds of functional group are associated together in a hierarchically porous material. Due to a synergistic effect, the product exhibits a high uptake of Pb2+ ions with high selectivity.
Two methods to control neutral‐point voltage fluctuation for a hybrid VIENNA rectifier
Authors: Song Wei‐Zhang , Xie Nan , Wang You‐Yun , Dai Zhi‐Hao , Pat Wheeler
Published: March 2018

This study presents two neutral‐point balance control methods for a hybrid VIENNA rectifier, which is composed of a parallel system of a single‐switch three‐phase Boost rectifier and a VIENNA rectifier. Each rectifier in this topology processes part of the output power, therefore, a highly efficient and reliable performance is achieved in this rectifier system. However, the unbalance voltage of two DC‐link capacitors in the VIENNA‐type three level rectifier is also reflected in this hybrid rectifier. The fluctuation reason in neutral‐point has been analysed using a mathematical model, meanwhile, the two methods with a hybrid algorithm and a simplified method based on zero‐sequence component injection are proposed to control neutral‐point fluctuation in this hybrid rectifier system. Furthermore, the performance comparison between these two methods is provided. The effectiveness of the two control methods has been verified using experimental results.
Les maladies professionnelles radioinduites reconnues en France : bilan et évolutions depuis 1956
Authors: Zerbib J.C.
Published: March 2018

Cet article a pour objectif de dresser un bilan des maladies professionnelles (MP) radioinduites reconnues en France au cours des 60 dernières années. L’évaluation des MP radioinduites se heurte aux définitions administratives (non intuitives) des termes utilisés dans les statistiques françaises, tels que : maladies, victimes et décès reconnus, la différence entre la somme des statistiques trimestrielles et les statistiques annuelles. Ces définitions sont telles que les données « annuelles » sont inférieures à la somme des données des quatre trimestres. Aussi, les statistiques annuelles, qui sont seules à être détaillées, ne portent que sur les 3/4 des maladies réellement reconnues, le dernier quart reste inconnu. Ces restrictions concernent également les cancers reconnus. Comme la CNAMTS est l’unique source des données sur les maladies professionnelles, un quart des maladies et des cancers échappent à l’analyse. Depuis 1993, un système complémentaire de reconnaissance des MP a été créé. Il permet d’étendre la reconnaissance par « tableaux » et d’examiner les cas de maladies qui ne répondent pas à la totalité des critères exigés, mais aussi les cas de maladies ne figurant pas dans un tableau (exemple, le cancer radioinduit de la thyroïde). Pour ces derniers cas, la CNAMTS, ne fournit que des données partielles qui réduisent les possibilités d’analyse et de bilan. Durant les 60 années étudiées (1956–2015), Il y a eu 19,7 maladies radioinduites reconnues par an et pour les 22 dernières années 22,2 MP/an dont 15,3 cancers radioinduits.
In Situ ‘Trans-Metal Trapping’: An Efficient Way to Extend the Scope of Aromatic Deprotometalation
Authors: Erb William , Mongin Florence , Brikci-Nigassa Nahida , Bentabed-Ababsa Ghenia
Published: March 2018

Deprotometalation is an efficient method to functionalize regioselectively aromatic compounds including heterocycles. This short review shows how it is possible to intercept aryllithiums (and other polar arylmetals) as soon as they are formed by in situ ‘trans-metal trapping’. The approach avoids long contact between aryllithiums and sensitive substrates. In addition, it allows less activated substrates to be deprotonated by non-nucleophilic lithium amides. While using chloro­silanes and borates still arouses the interest of chemists, more recently, methods based on zinc, aluminum and gallium have appeared, enabling this chemistry to grow dramatically.

1 Introduction

2 Silicon-Based In Situ Traps

3 Boron-Based In Situ Traps

4 Zinc-Based In Situ Traps

5 Aluminum- and Gallium-Based In Situ Traps

6 Other In Situ Traps

7 Continuous-Flow In Situ ‘Trans-Metal Trapping’

8 Conclusion
Kombinationschemotherapie mit signifikantem Überlebensvorteil
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: March 2018

Mit der zusätzlichen Gabe von Lomustin (CCNU) zu einer Radiochemotherapie mit Temozolomid als dem bisherigen Standardregime bei Glioblastomen mit methyliertem MGMT-Promotor wurde in einer Phase-III-Studie eine signifikante Verlängerung des medianen Gesamtüberlebens (OS) von 31,4 Monaten im Temozolomid-Arm auf 37,9 Monate unter der Kombination mit Lomustin (CCNU) erreicht.
EEG: Stellenwerte und technische Voraussetzungen der EEG-Untersuchung
Authors: Hartl Elisabeth , Noachtar Soheyl
Published: March 2018

Die EEG-Kommission der DGKN hat Richtlinien für die Durchführung und die Auswertung der EEG-Untersuchung formuliert, mit dem Ziel der Sicherung von Qualität und Vergleichbarkeit von Befunden [1]. Diese Mindestanforderungen umfassen definitionsgemäß nicht das gesamte für eine qualifizierte Ausführung erforderliche Wissen. Eine umfassende Darstellung der Elektroenzephalografie geben entsprechende Lehrbücher [2].
Quantum oscillations in an anisotropic Weyl semimetal in crossed magnetic and electric fields
Authors: Alisultanov Z. Z. , Musaev G. M. , Arslanbekova M. M.
Published: March 2018

We calculated the electron spectrum of an anisotropic Weyl semimetal (WSM) in crossed magnetic and electric fields. We showed that the electric field leads to a drastic rearrangement of the Landau bands. At a certain magnitude of the electric field, a complete collapse of the Landau levels occurs, but the motion along the magnetic field does not vanish, in contrast to the isotropic case. We obtained analytical expressions for quantum capacitance for the cases of weak and strong electric fields. We predicted a new phase transition between the type-I and type-II phases of WSMs induced by an electric field. At the electric field magnitude corresponding to this transition, the density of states has a singularity, as expected for the Lifshitz phase transitions. Using the Falkovsky approach, we showed that the Berry phase for an anisotropic WSM with a tilted spectrum near the Weyl point is equal to π. Then the quasiclassical approach leads exactly to the same spectrum as the microscopic one.
Structure of N2-CH4 cryoalloys
Authors: Solodovnik A. A. , Mysko-Krutik N. S. , Bagatskii M. I.
Published: March 2018

Transmission electron diffraction is used to study the structure of N2-CH4 alloys over the entire range of mutual concentrations. Samples were prepared in situ by deposition of a gaseous mixture on aluminum and carbon substrates at temperatures of 19 and 5 K. The solubility limits for the components are less than 6% methane in crystalline nitrogen and 35% nitrogen in solid methane. The dependence of the lattice parameter on composition is studied in terms of a three-cluster model for low concentrations of the components in the solutions. The effect of impurity CH4 molecules on the orientational ordering of N2 molecules in the solutions is investigated.
Unstable plastic deformation of ultrafine-grained copper at 0.5 K
Authors: Isaev N. V. , Grigorova T. V. , Shumilin S. E. , Polishchuk S. S. , Davydenko O. A.
Published: March 2018

We investigate the relation between the strain-hardening rate and flow instability of polycrystalline Cu–OF deformed by tension at a constant rate in a liquid 3He atmosphere. The microstructure of the ultrafine-grained crystal, obtained by the equal-channel angular hydro-extrusion method, was varied by annealing at recovery and recrystallization temperatures and was monitored by x-ray diffraction. It is shown that that the flow instability, manifesting itself as macroscopic stress serrations on the tension curve, appears at a threshold tension sufficient for activation of a dynamic recovery that leads to a decrease of the strain-hardening coefficient. We discuss the effect of grain size and the initial dislocation density on the evolution of the dislocation structure that determines the scale and the statistical properties of the flow instability in the investigated crystals at low temperature.
Structure factors of carbon nanotubes on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube/epoxy composites
Authors: Xiao Wenkai , Luo Xujun , Ma Pengfei , Zhai Xian , Fan Taotao , Li Xiaotuo
Published: March 2018

The structure factors of carbon nanotubes such as the dispersion, morphology and size have effects on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube/epoxy composites (kc). However, the behavior how these structure factors affect the kc has still not been fully understood. To seek the answer, three-dimensional computational models containing various dispersion of bending single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are developed using the finite element method. A conjecture is proposed based on these models that the dispersion and the number of the overlapping heat-affected zones (OHAZs) of heat conduction networks play an important role on the kc. To prove the conjecture, a feature parameter–a dispersion coefficient is proposed to quantify the dispersion uniformity. The kc is calculated in models with different dispersion coefficients. The results show that the kc increases with the dispersion coefficient. The effects of the morphology and the size of SWCNTs on the kc could also be explained using this conjecture. SWCNTs with a larger length efficiency and diameter are found to be beneficial to a higher kc. Because a larger length efficiency increases the number of OHAZs and a larger diameter SWCNT has a wider heat-affected zone which also increases the number of OHAZs.
Tunable anomalous Hall effect in multilayers induced by artificial interfacial scattering dots
Authors: Peng W. L. , Zhang J. Y. , Liu Y. W. , Feng G. N. , Wang L. , Yu G. H.
Published: March 2018

Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in MgO/CoFeB/X/Ta/MgO (X: Mg or Ru) multilayers by interfacial modification was reported. AHE behavior can be effectively tuned with the different insertion. For example, the anomalous Hall resistivity (ρAH) value increases by 23% with 0.4 nm Mg insertion. Whereas, the ρAH value decreases by 7.5% with 0.4 nm Ru insertion. Interfacial structural results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows various interfacial oxygen migration can be induced by the different insertion, leading to the opposite contribution to AHE in multilayers structure. This study will provide an effective way to tune the properties of the AHE-based devices.
Intrinsic transmission magnetic circular dichroism spectra of GaMnAs
Authors: Terada Hiroshi , Ohya Shinobu , Tanaka Masaaki
Published: March 2018

Transmission magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy has been widely used to reveal the spin-dependent band structure of ferromagnetic semiconductors. In these previous studies, some band pictures have been proposed from the spectral shapes observed in transmission MCD; however, extrinsic signals originating from optical interference have not been appropriately considered. In this study, we calculate the MCD spectra taking into account the optical interference of the layered structure of samples and show that the spectral shape of MCD is strongly influenced by optical interference. To correctly understand the transmission MCD, we also calculate the intrinsic MCD spectra of GaMnAs that are not influenced by the optical interference. The spectral shape of the intrinsic MCD can be explained by the characteristic band structure of GaMnAs, that is, the spin-polarized valence band and the impurity band existing above the valence band top.
Temperature-dependent phase transition in barium titanate crystals probed by second harmonic generation
Authors: Wang Jiesu , Jin Kuijuan , Yao Hongbao , Gu Junxing , Xu Xiulai , Ge Chen , Wang Can , He Meng , Yang Guozhen
Published: March 2018

More and more evidence points out the coexistence of displacive and order-disorder dynamics in the phase transition of barium titanate. Here, we report an initial state determined phase transition in barium titanate by applying second harmonic generation technology and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). The out-of-plane PFM results of these barium titanate crystals show the increase in domain walls in the surfaces after annealing, leading to the increase in the second harmonic signal measured. This work directly revealed how the displacive and order-disorder dominate the phase transition and what the role is that the domain wall plays in this process.
Bi-ferroic memristive properties of multiferroic tunnel junctions
Authors: Luo Zheng-Dong , Apachitei Geanina , Yang Ming-Min , Peters Jonathan J. P. , Sanchez Ana M. , Alexe Marin
Published: March 2018

The giant tunnelling electroresistance (TER) and memristive behaviours of ferroelectric tunnel junctions make them promising candidates for future information storage technology. Using conducting ferromagnetic layers as electrodes results in multiferroic tunnel junctions (MFTJs) which show spin dependent transport. The tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) of such structures can be reversibly controlled by electric pulsing owing to ferroelectric polarisation-dependent spin polarisation at the ferroelectric/ferromagnetic interface. Here, we show multilevel electric control of both TMR and TER of MFTJs, which indicates the bi-ferroic or magneto-electric memristive properties. This effect is realised by manipulating the ferroelectric domain configuration via non-volatile partial ferroelectric switching obtained by applying low voltage pulses to the junction. Through electrically modulating the ratio between up- and down-polarised ferroelectric domains, a broad range of TMR (between ∼3% and ∼30%) and TER (∼1000%) values can be achieved. The multilevel control of TMR and TER using the electric pulse tunable ferroelectric domain configuration suggests a viable way to obtain multiple state memory.
Spatially dynamic maternal control of migratory fish recruitment pulses triggered by shifting seasonal cues
Authors: Goto Daisuke , Hamel Martin J. , Pegg Mark A. , Hammen Jeremy J. , Rugg Matthew L. , Forbes Valery E.
Published: March 2018

Environmental regimes set the timing and location of early life-history events of migratory species with synchronised reproduction. However, modified habitats in human-dominated landscapes may amplify uncertainty in predicting recruitment pulses, impeding efforts to restore habitats invaluable to endemic species. The present study assessed how environmental and spawner influences modulate recruitment variability and persistence of the Missouri River shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) under modified seasonal spawning and nursery habitat conditions. Using a spatially explicit individual-based biophysical model, spawning cycle, early life-history processes (dispersal, energetics and survival) and prey production were simulated under incrementally perturbed flow (from –10 to –30%) and temperature (+1 and +2°C) regimes over 50 years. Simulated flow reduction and warming synergistically contracted spring spawning habitats (by up to 51%) and periods (by 19%). Under these conditions, fewer mature females entered a reproductive cycle, and more females skipped spawning, reducing spawning biomass by 20–50%. Many spawners migrated further to avoid increasingly unfavourable habitats, intensifying local density dependence in larval stages and, in turn, increasing size-dependent predation mortality. Diminished egg production (by 20–97%) and weakened recruitment pulses (by 46–95%) ultimately reduced population size by 21–74%. These simulations illustrate that environmentally amplified maternal influences on early life histories can lower sturgeon population stability and resilience to ever-increasing perturbations.
Sediment type and nitrogen deposition affect the relationship between Alternanthera philoxeroides and experimental wetland plant communities
Authors: Qin Tian-Jian , Guan Yu-Ting , Zhang Ming-Xiang , Li Hong-Li , Yu Fei-Hai
Published: March 2018

Wetlands have been demonstrated to be susceptible to invasions. Nutrient availability of wetland sediment is strongly affected by both sediment type and nitrogen deposition. We performed a greenhouse experiment to investigate the main effects and interactions between the presence of Alternanthera philoxeroides, sediment type and nitrogen deposition on biomass and evenness of experimental wetland plant communities. We established two types of plant communities, specifically wetland plant communities without and with A. philoxeroides, in two different sediment types crossed with two nitrogen deposition treatments. Experimental wetland plant communities consisted of four native or naturalised wetland species. Sediment type and nitrogen deposition significantly promoted A. philoxeroides growth. At the community level, the presence of A. philoxeroides decreased the total biomass of wetland plant species and increased community evenness, whereas sediment type significantly decreased evenness. At the species level, the presence of A. philoxeroides significantly decreased total biomass of Iris wilsonii and increased total biomass of Pontederia cordata. However, the interaction between invasion and nitrogen deposition significantly increased total biomass of Butomus umbellatus. These findings suggest that both sediment type and nitrogen deposition promote A. philoxeroides growth and exacerbate A. philoxeroides invasion into wetland plant communities. However, the presence of A. philoxeroides can increase the evenness of the wetland plant communities at a small scale by suppressing dominant species. The findings of the present study provide insights into the management of A. philoxeroides in wetlands.
Making the most of sperm activation responses: experiments with boar spermatozoa and bicarbonate
Authors: Holt William V. , Satake Nana
Published: March 2018

Attempting to extract useful and reliable information about semen quality and its fertility potential remains a difficult exercise, partly because the sperm heterogeneity within samples often renders simple statistical analyses rather meaningless. In fact, a mean and standard deviation may reflect neither the very fast swimming activities of the most active cells nor the slow and sluggish activities of others. Herein we propose that the information value within semen samples can be maximised if current knowledge about sperm activation mechanisms is exploited before undertaking the measurements. We explain, using boar semen as an example, that estimating and defining relative sperm subpopulation sizes, after activation by bicarbonate, provides a means of quantifying sperm quality. Although such estimates may indeed be related to in vivo fertility, the general approach also suggests potential new avenues that could be exploited for the elaboration of novel in vitro tests for the characterisation of toxic environmental chemicals and, indeed, to reduce the number of animals used in such testing programs.
Conserved in situ arrangement of complex I and III
2
in mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes of mammals, yeast, and plants
Authors: Davies Karen M. , Blum Thorsten B. , Kühlbrandt Werner
Published: March 2018

Significance

Oxygenic phosphorylation entails the transfer of electrons from organic substrates to molecular oxygen by four large protein complexes in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Loss of electrons during this process can produce toxic side products and must be prevented. Three of the electron-transfer complexes form supercomplexes, which are thought to be instrumental in channeling electrons from the substrate to the acceptor. We used electron cryo-tomography and subtomogram averaging to determine the in situ structure and organization of the respiratory chain supercomplexes in three different eukaryotic lineages. We discovered that the mutual arrangement of the two largest components—complex I and complex III
2
—is essentially the same in all supercomplexes, indicating that this arrangement is important for electron transfer.
Fast and furious . . . or not, Plk4 dictates the pace
Authors: Gemble Simon , Basto Renata
Published: March 2018

In each duplication cycle, daughter centrioles grow to the same length as their mothers. Which mechanisms regulate this fidelity to maintain centriole length is not known. In this issue, Aydogan et al. (2018. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201801014) report a novel role for Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4). They found that Plk4 functions in a homeostatic manner to balance growth rate and growth period to set the final centriole size.
Judicial Federalism and Representation
Authors: Kastellec Jonathan P.
Published: March 2018

I examine the relationship between judicial federalism and state-level representation. I develop a framework in which federal courts establish a federal “floor” in a policy area, thus creating an asymmetry—states with lower levels of policy must shift policy to the floor, whereas states with higher levels of policy above the floor are unaffected. I use the framework to recast the “countermajoritarian difficulty” as an issue of federalism. To illustrate the framework, I present a quantitative analysis of the legalization of same-sex marriage in all 50 states, using data on public opinion, federal and state judicial decisions, and state-level policy.
‘An Overpowering “Itch for Writing”’: R.K. Philp, John Denman and the Culture of Self-Improvement
Authors: Chase Malcolm
Published: March 2018

The abstract for your paper is included below. This will appear online only.

After a briefly prominent career in Chartism, Robert Kemp Philp (1819–82) became one of the most widely published authors in Victorian Britain, promoting self-help and self-improvement through education. From a background in magazine journalism, he moved to producing serialised reference works which, when completed, were re-published in book form. This hybridisation of periodical journalism and the non-fiction book created a genre distinct from popular novels, non-fiction and magazines, yet one which was indebted to all three. The best known, Enquire Within Upon Everything (1856) sold almost 1.3 million copies by 1900 and remained in print until 1973. However, Philp has not enjoyed an enduring reputation: almost all his work was published anonymously, while the consumption of popular non-fiction has been largely overlooked in histories of the printed word. John Denman (fl. 1863–9) inhabited the shadier world of horse racing, where he was a high-stakes gambler and promoted off-course betting after it was criminalised. The article establishes a profound connection between the apostle of self-improvement and the mercurial man of the Turf: Denman was Philp’s alias. Their careers are reconstructed and analysed. Social ambition and a desire for fame impelled Philp to be a profligate author; but both he and his alter ego claimed to systematise hitherto opaque, confusing and inaccessible fields of knowledge. Philp took significant risks legally, financially and with his family’s reputation and well-being. This contrasts sharply with the picture of domestic contentment Philp assiduously promoted as a writer, but ideals of self-improvement underpinned them both.
Effects of rumen-protected arginine supplementation and arginine-HCl injection on site and extent of digestion and small intestinal amino acid disappearance in forage-fed steers1
Authors: Meyer Allison M , Klein Sharnae I , Kapphahn Marsha , Dhuyvetter Dan V , Musser Robert E , Caton Joel S
Published: March 2018

Four ruminally and intestinally cannulated steers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to evaluate effects of rumen-protected Arg supplementation or intravenous Arg injection on small intestinal delivery of AA, site and extent of digestion, and ruminal fermentation. Steers were fed grass hay (7.2% CP, 67.6% NDF, 0.29% Arg) for ad libitum intake with no additional Arg (CON), 54-mg L-Arg/kg BW injected intravenously (Arg-INJ), 180-mg rumen-protected L-Arg/kg BW daily (Arg-RP180), or 360-mg rumen-protected L-Arg/kg BW daily (Arg-RP360). Half of each treatment dose was administered twice daily. Each period had a 7-d washout of hay only followed by a 14-d treatment and collection period. Ruminal disappearance (%) of Arg was greater (P < 0.001) for both Arg-RP treatments than CON and Arg-INJ, although the amount of Arg disappearing was greatest in Arg-RP360, followed by Arg-RP180, and least in CON and Arg-INJ (P < 0.001). Duodenal flow and small intestinal disappearance (g/d) of Arg was greatest in Arg-RP360, followed by Arg-RP180, and least in CON and Arg-INJ (P < 0.004). Ileal flow of Arg was greatest in Arg-RP360, intermediate in Arg-RP180, and least in CON (P = 0.01) because the proportional small intestinal disappearance of Arg was not different (P = 0.96). Steers fed Arg-RP360 had greater (P = 0.01) ileal flow of Orn and tended to have greater (P = 0.09) ileal flow of Glu than all other treatments. There were no differences in hay or total DMI, microbial efficiency, or OM, NDF, or ADF digestibility (P ≥ 0.10). Total N intake and duodenal N flow were greater in Arg-RP360 than all other treatments (P ≤ 0.02). Total tract N digestibility was greatest in Arg-RP360, followed by Arg-RP180, and least in CON and Arg-INJ (P = 0.003). Ruminal ammonia was greater (P = 0.004) in Arg-RP360 compared with CON and Arg-INJ and greater (P = 0.06) in Arg-RP180 than CON. There was no effect of treatment (P ≥ 0.37) on total VFA, acetate, propionate, or butyrate concentrations. Results indicate that feeding rumen-protected Arg increases small intestinal Arg flow with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and total tract digestibility of OM and fiber.
Bacterial Blight of Lentil (Lens culinaris) Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
Authors: Adhikari Anjana D. , Nielsen Kathleen A. , Harveson Robert M. , Graham Christopher , Beck Ruth , Mathew Febina M.
Published: March 2018

In June 2017, plants were observed in a commercial lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) field in Central South Dakota with brown, circular lesions on the foliage leaves that had dried, torn centers resembling “shot holes.” The pathogen was confirmed to be Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. This is the first known report of bacterial blight caused by P. syringae pv. syringae on lentil anywhere lentils are grown.
Open Lung Biopsy in Nonresolving Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Commonly Identifies Corticosteroid-Sensitive Pathologies, Associated With Better Outcome*
Authors: Gerard Ludovic , Bidoul Thomas , Castanares-Zapatero Diego , Wittebole Xavier , Lacroix Valérie , Froidure Antoine , Hoton Delphine , Laterre Pierre-François
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

Approximately half of the patients undergoing lung biopsy for nonresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome exhibit another histologic pattern than diffuse alveolar damage, with some of the pathologies characterized by a potential response to corticosteroids. This study aimed to assess whether open lung biopsy performed in the ICU for nonresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome was able to identify steroid-sensitive diseases and whether patients with a steroid-sensitive pathology experienced different clinical courses and outcomes.

Design:

Retrospective analysis.

Setting:

One 22-bed mixed ICU within a tertiary medical center.

Patients:

Patients age greater than or equal to 16 years old who met the Berlin definition for acute respiratory distress syndrome and underwent open lung biopsy from January 2007 to January 2017.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and Main Results:

During the study period, 695 patients diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome were identified, 51 (7%) of whom underwent open lung biopsy. An alternative diagnosis to diffuse alveolar damage was found in 29 patients (57%), and a steroid-sensitive pathology was identified in 19 (37%). In-hospital and 180-day mortality rates were 55% and 61%, respectively. There was a significant difference in hospital mortality and 180-day mortality rates between patients with steroid-sensitive pathology and those with steroid-resistant pathology (37% vs 65%; p < 0.045 and 37% vs 75%; p < 0.007, respectively). We did not identify any variable that could reliably predict a steroid-sensitive histologic pattern before open lung biopsy.

Conclusions:

Open lung biopsy was able to identify a steroid-sensitive pathology in a significant proportion of nonresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. These patients had a better outcome, with lower hospital mortality and 180-day mortality.
Lymphatic Drainage of the Splenic Flexure Defined by Intraoperative Scintigraphic Mapping
Authors: Vasey Carolyn E. , Rajaratnam Siraj , O’Grady Gregory , Hulme-Moir Mike
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:

The optimal surgical management of splenic flexure cancer is debated, partly because of an incomplete understanding of the lymphatic drainage of this region.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to evaluate the normal lymphatic drainage of the human splenic flexure using laparoscopic scintigraphic mapping.

DESIGN:

This was a clinical trial.

SETTINGS:

The study was conducted at a single tertiary care center.

PATIENTS:

Thirty consecutive patients undergoing elective colorectal resections without splenic flexure pathology were recruited.

INTERVENTION:

Technetium-99m was injected subserosally at the splenic flexure.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Lymphatic scintigraphic mapping was undertaken at 15, 30, and 60 minutes using a laparoscopic gamma probe at the left branch of the middle colic, left colic, inferior mesenteric, and ileocolic (control) lymphovascular pedicles.

RESULTS:

Lymphatic drainage at 60 minutes was strongly dominant in the direction of the left colic pedicle (96% of patients), with a median gamma count of 284 (interquartile range, 113–413), versus the left branch of the middle colic count of 31 (interquartile range, 15–49; p < 0.0001). This equated to a median 9.2-times greater flow to the left colic versus the middle colic. Counts at the left colic were greater than all of the other mapped sites at 15, 30, and 60 minutes (p < 0.001), whereas middle colic and inferior mesenteric artery counts were equivalent. The protocol increased operative duration by 20 to 30 minutes without complications.

LIMITATIONS:

These results report lymphatic drainage from patients with normal splenic flexures, and caution is necessary when extrapolating to patients with splenic flexure cancers.

CONCLUSIONS:

The lymphatic drainage of the normal splenic flexure is preferentially directed toward the left colic in the high majority of cases. Retrieving these nodes should be prioritized in splenic flexure cancer resections, with important secondary emphasis on left middle colic nodes, supporting segmental (left hemicolectomy) resection as the procedure of choice. Additional development of colonic sentinel node mapping using these techniques may contribute to individualized surgical therapy morbidity. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A495.
Clinical Signatures of Mucinous and Poorly Differentiated Subtypes of Colorectal Adenocarcinomas by a Propensity Score Analysis of an Independent Patient Database from Three Phase III Trials
Authors: Kanda Mitsuro , Oba Koji , Aoyama Toru , Kashiwabara Kosuke , Mayanagi Shuhei , Maeda Hiromichi , Honda Michitaka , Hamada Chikuma , Sadahiro Sotaro , Sakamoto Junichi , Saji Shigetoyo , Yoshikawa Takaki
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:

Although colorectal cancer comprises several histological subtypes, the influences of histological subtypes on disease progression and treatment responses remain controversial.

OBJECTIVE:

We sought to evaluate the prognostic relevance of mucinous and poorly differentiated histological subtypes of colorectal cancer by the propensity score weighting analysis of prospectively collected data from multi-institute phase III trials.

DESIGN:

Independent patient data analysis of a pooled database from 3 phase III trials was performed.

SETTINGS:

An integrated database of 3 multicenter prospective clinical trials (the Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer 7, 15, and 33) was the source of study data.

INTERVENTIONS:

Surgery alone or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was offered in patients with resectable colorectal cancer.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

To balance essential variables more strictly for the comparison analyses, propensity score weighting was conducted with the use of a multinomial logistic regression model. We evaluated the clinical signatures of mucinous and poorly differentiated subtypes with regard to postoperative survival, recurrence, and chemosensitivity.

RESULTS:

Of 5489 patients, 136 (2.5%) and 155 (2.8%) were pathologically diagnosed with poorly differentiated and mucinous subtypes. The poorly differentiated subtypes were associated with a poorer prognosis than the “others” group (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.00–2.87; p = 0.051), particularly in the patient subgroup of adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 2.16). Although the mucinous subtype had a marginal prognostic impact among patients with stage I to III colorectal cancer (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.90–1.96), it was found to be an independent prognostic factor in the subpopulation of patients with stage II disease, being associated with a higher prevalence of peritoneal recurrence.

LIMITATIONS:

The treatment regimens of postoperative chemotherapy are now somewhat outdated.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both mucinous and poorly differentiated subtypes have distinct clinical characteristics. Patients with the mucinous subtype require special attention during follow-up, even for stage II disease, because of the risk of peritoneal or local recurrence. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A531.
Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy: Results at 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Bellio Gabriele , Pasquali Arianna , Schiano di Visconte Michele
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:

Despite the advantages of stapled hemorrhoidopexy reported in the literature in terms of postoperative pain, hospital stay, and duration of convalescence, it was described to have a higher recurrence rate compared with conventional hemorrhoidectomy.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction after stapled hemorrhoidopexy at 10-year follow-up.

DESIGN:

This was a retrospective cohort analysis conducted on prospectively collected data.

SETTINGS:

The study was conducted at a single tertiary care center.

PATIENTS:

Eighty-six consecutive patients treated with stapled hemorrhoidopexy for grade 3 hemorrhoidal prolapse between January and December 2006 were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Patients satisfaction and recurrence rates were measured.

RESULTS:

Eighty-six patients (45 men and 41 women; median age, 49 y (range, 31–74 y)) underwent stapled hemorrhoidopexy. Eight patients had urinary retention during the immediate postoperative period, and 2 patients required a reoperation for suture line bleeding. The median hospital stay was 12 hours (range, 12–96 h). No suture line dehiscence, rectovaginal fistula, pelvic sepsis, anal abscess, or anal stenosis was recorded during the follow-up. Seventy-seven patients (90%) completed the expected follow-up, with a median duration of 119.0 months (range 115.4–121.8 mo). Among them, 30 patients (39%) experienced a recurrent hemorrhoidal prolapse, 8 of whom needed a reoperation. Thirty-four patients (44%) reported urge to defecate with a median visual analog scale of 1 (range, 1–7). Six patients (8%) reported gas leakage at the last follow-up visit, whereas no liquid or solid stool leakage was recorded. Satisfaction rate at 10-year follow-up was 68%.

LIMITATIONS:

The study was limited by its small sample size and lack of a control group.

CONCLUSIONS:

The high recurrence rate and low patient satisfaction rate showed that stapled hemorrhoidopexy reduces its efficacy in the long-term. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A510.
Risk Factors Associated With Circumferential Resection Margin Positivity in Rectal Cancer: A Binational Registry Study
Authors: Warrier Satish K. , Kong Joseph Cherng , Guerra Glen R. , Chittleborough Timothy J. , Naik Arun , Ramsay Robert G. , Lynch A. Craig , Heriot Alexander G.
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:

Rectal cancer outcomes have improved with the adoption of a multidisciplinary model of care. However, there is a spectrum of quality when viewed from a national perspective, as highlighted by the Consortium for Optimizing the Treatment of Rectal Cancer data on rectal cancer care in the United States.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to assess and identify predictors of circumferential resection margin involvement for rectal cancer across Australasia.

DESIGN:

A retrospective study from a prospectively maintained binational colorectal cancer database was interrogated.

SETTINGS:

This study is based on a binational colorectal cancer audit database.

PATIENTS:

Clinical information on all consecutive resected rectal cancer cases recorded in the registry from 2007 to 2016 was retrieved, collated, and analyzed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

The primary outcome measure was positive circumferential resection margin, measured as a resection margin ≤1 mm.

RESULTS:

A total of 3367 patients were included, with 261 (7.5%) having a positive circumferential resection margin. After adjusting for hospital and surgeon volume, hierarchical logistic regression analysis identified a 6-variable model encompassing the independent predictors, including urgent operation, abdominoperineal resection, open technique, low rectal cancer, T3 to T4, and N1 to N2. The accuracy of the model was 92.3%, with an receiver operating characteristic of 0.783 (p < 0.0001). The quantitative risk associated with circumferential resection margin positivity ranged from <1% (no risk factors) to 43% (6 risk factors).

LIMITATIONS:

This study was limited by the lack of recorded long-term outcomes associated with circumferential resection margin positivity.

CONCLUSIONS:

The rate of circumferential resection margin involvement in patients undergoing rectal cancer resection in Australasia is low and is influenced by a number of factors. Risk stratification of outcome is important with the increasing demand for publicly accessible quality data. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A512.
A Novel Closure Technique for Complex Abdominal Wounds
Authors: Aydinli H. Hande , Peirce Colin , Aytac Erman , Remzi Feza H.
Published: March 2018

INTRODUCTION:

Abdominal wound closure is a challenge in patients undergoing colorectal surgery with a complex history of multiple abdominopelvic operations. Loss of domain of the abdominal fascia because of prior laparotomies precludes the use of simple, everyday abdominal wound closure techniques. Furthermore, ongoing intra-abdominal sepsis, with or without a concurrent entero- or colocutaneous fistula, increases the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality in this patient population. We propose an abdominal wound closure technique for patients with multiple previous complex operations and subsequent ongoing abdominopelvic sepsis.

TECHNIQUE:

Following completion of the intra-abdominal component of the operation, the abdominal wall fascial edges are identified and mobilized to allow for a smooth skin closure. The skin is brought together with a small amount of subcutaneous tissue in the abdominal wound line and sutured with a 1.0 Prolene stitch by using the vertical mattress technique. For both wound edges, a dental roll is inserted between the entry and exit points of the suture, with the suture material placed above and over the dental roll, and thus the dental roll is incorporated within the stitch when it is tied down. These stitches and dental rolls are placed along the length of the wound. No mesh is utilized, and the technique achieves skin closure with development of a subsequent ventral hernia.

RESULTS:

Good postoperative short-term and long-term overall outcomes were achieved in 14 patients who underwent complex abdominal wound closure. Two patients required further late operative intervention because of the incarceration of the known ventral hernia (at 34 and 120 months postoperatively).

CONCLUSIONS:

Complex abdominal wound closure in this setting is safe and feasible to achieve a healthy abdominal wall closure and enable healing by primary intention after colorectal surgery.