bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Proletarian to Entrepreneur to Big Man: the Story of Noya1
Authors: Finch John
Published: February 2015

The resemblances between Melanesian Big Men and capitalist entrepreneurs have long fascinated anthropologists. However, even though traditional leaders in Melanesian societies resemble entrepreneurs in certain respects they are motivated by different concerns. In this paper, I consider the career of Noya of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea to demonstrate the contrasts and confluences between the roles of big man and that of entrepreneur. Noya is neither a traditional big‐man nor a pure capitalist, but has drawn selectively upon the logic of each in his drive to achieve promience. His life story provides insights into how big‐men articulate with the capitalist world system.
Review
Authors: Connell John
Published: February 2015

Strategies for Polynesian Agricultural Development. By Euan Fleming and J. Brian Hardaker. Australian National University, National Centre for Development Studies, 1995. Pp. xi+283. Price: A$25.00
Review
Authors: Trompf Garry
Published: February 2015

Missionaries, Anthropologists and Human Rights. By Thomas N. Headland and Darrell L. Whiteman eds. Special issue of the journal Missiology: An International Review, vol. 24, no. 2. Scottdale, Pa: American Society of Missiology, 1996. Pp. 157pp. Price: US$6.00
Male Cults Revisited: The Politics of Blood Versus Semen
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: February 2015

In this article I explore some major differences between male initiations in Melanesia that I ignored in my earlier study. In particular, I focus on the differential emphasis that was placed on blood‐letting as against semeningesting as the key means whereby boys were believed to be transformed into men. In the case of the blood‐letting rites men seemingly sought both to appropriate to themselves the positively valued capacity of women to give birth to children and to protect themselves from women's negative ability to cause either death or destruction through menstruation, sexual intercourse or witchcraft. By contrast, in the semeningesting rites the properties of women that the men seemed most concerned to appropriate focused on their capacities to receive semen in the act of sexual intercourse and to give milk in the nurturant context. Such major cult differences were, I suggest, directly associated with parallel differences in four inter‐related sets of variables; the form of marital exchange (direct as against indirect), the predominant variety of social relations (centripetal as against centrifugal), the prevailing form of leadership (conservative as against entrepreneurial) and, finally and most importantly, differences in gender relations, especially concerning the nature of male dependency on female cooperation in attaining specifically male goals.
REVIEW
Authors: Sherzer Joel
Published: February 2015

Jero Tapakan: Balinese Healer, An ethnographic film monograph. Revised edition. By Linda Connor, Patsy Asch, and Timothy Asch. Los Angeles, CA, Ethnographics Press, University of Southern California, 1996. Pp. xiv + 267; Price $A25.
REVIEW
Authors: McCall Grant
Published: February 2015

Religion and language of Easter Island. An ethnolinguistic analysis of religious key words of Rapa Nui in their Austronesian context. By Annette Bierbach and Horst Cain. Baessler Archiv. Beiträge zur Välkerkunde. Neue Folge Beihelf 9. Berlin: Verlag von Dietrich Reimer, 1996. Pp. xiv + 181.
REVIEW
Authors: Philips Susan U.
Published: February 2015

Becoming Tongan: An Ethnography of Childhood. By H. Morton. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996. Pp. ix + 343. Price: $US 22.95 cloth, $US 45.00 h.b.
REVIEW
Authors: Alexander Jennifer
Published: February 2015

The Coming of the Gods: An Iban Invocatory Chant (Timang Gawai Amat) of the Baleh River Region, Sarawak. By James Jemut Masing. Canberra: Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, 1997. Two Volumes, Pp. X + 131 + 447. Price: $A40.00 (within Australia) or $A45.00 (overseas).
REVIEW
Authors: Tomasetti F.
Published: February 2015

Emotionen und Historizität: Der emotionale Diskurs über die Yali‐Bewegung in einer Dorfgemeinschaft der Ngaing Papua New Guinea. By E. Hermann. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1995. Pp. 391, map, b&w plates.

Das Inners des Äusseren: Ritual, Macht und historische Praxis bei den Ngaing in Papua Neuguinea. By W. Kempf. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1996. Pp. 277, maps, sketches.
REVIEW
Authors: Bolton Lissant
Published: February 2015

Protection Power and Display: Shields of Island Southeast Asia and Melanesia. Edited by Andrew Tavarelli. Chestnut Hill, Mass: Boston College Museum of Art. 1995. Pp. 108.
Maori Hapu as a Whole Way of Struggle: 1840s–50s Before the Land Wars
Authors: Webster Steven
Published: February 2015

Research in Maori land history, burgeoning under the influence of the Waitangi Tribunal since the mid‐1980s, promises a better understanding of the history of Maori kinship as well as New Zealand political economy. It has often been merely assumed, for instance, that contemporary hapu are a (or the) traditional form. I argue that Maori kinship and especially hapu or their equivalent need to be better understood in historical perspective. This essay examines some evidence and issues arising from the first few decades of colonisation before the land wars of the 1860s.
Anthropology, ‘Native Schooling’ and Maori: the Politics of ‘Cultural Adaptation’ Policies
Authors: Simon Judith A.
Published: February 2015

This paper examines three policies of ‘cultural adaptation’ formulated in colonial contexts in the 1920s and 1930s — that of the British Colonial Office for education in Africa, that of the New Zealand Native Schools and that of Maori leaders. While clearly inter‐related, these policies were developed and promoted by their respective proponents to serve widely different political goals. Particularly significant is the role played by anthropology in that context. Proponents of all three policies looked to anthropologists for insights and scientific validation of their political agendas. Anthropologists, in turn, not only accepted this role but, particularly in the case of the British Colonial education policy, actively claimed it, involving themselves in the processes of colonial control.
REVIEW
Authors: Stivens Maila
Published: February 2015

Central Pillars of the House: Sisters, Wives and Mothers in a Rural Community in Minangkabau, West Sumatra By Joke van Reenan. Leiden: Research School CNWS, the Netherlands, 1996.
Another Time, Another Place
Authors: Jolly Margaret
Published: February 2015

This paper explores the way in which the languages of space and time condense and how the values of spatiotemporal fluidity and fixity are gendered. It considers several narratives from South Pentecost, Vanuatu, stories of primordial beings and of more proximate ancestors which alike stress women's association with flight and flood. Such narratives are situated in the context of labour migration in colonial history and more recent patterns of migration to towns. Here too, the movement of men and women is differentially constructed. These processes are considered in the context of recent feminist theories of the relation of spatiality and temporality, in modernity and ‘postmodernity’.
REVIEW
Authors: Yengoyan Aram A.
Published: February 2015

Beyond Translation: Essays toward a Modern Philology By A.L. Becker. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1995. Pp. xii + 438.
REVIEW
Authors: Sillitoe Paul
Published: February 2015

The Political Economy of Forest Management in Papua New Guinea Edited by Colin Filer. Boroko: The National Research Institute Monograph No 32 and London: The International Institute for Environment and Development, 1997. Pp. viii + 517. Price K32.95
The Linguistics of Inhabiting Space: Spatial Reference in the North‐East Ambae Language1
Authors: Hyslop Catriona
Published: February 2015

North‐East Ambae, a member of the Oceanic sub‐group of Austronesian, is spoken on the volcanic island of Ambae, in northern Vanuatu. Like many Austronesian languages, it has a complex system of spatial reference. In this paper I describe one aspect of this system, the use of the members of the word class of ‘directionals’. Directionals can be used to refer to both direction of movement and location in space, and involve the interaction between an absolute and a deictic system. The absolute system is based on a division of the environment that uses both the vertical axis and the landward‐seaward axis, although it also uses other divisions. Onto this absolute system is mapped a partially deictic system, such that each of the oppositions of the absolute system can be marked according to a three‐way distinction relative to the participants of the speech act. That the speakers are highly attuned to their environment is reflected in the use of this complex spatial reference system. The paper underlines the importance of detailed analyses of spatial reference systems in describing languages, reflecting the significance of such systems in common language use.
REVIEWS
Authors: Mimica Jadran
Published: February 2015

Mangrove Man: Dialogics of Culture in the Sepik Estuary. By David Lipset. Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology No. 106. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Pp xvii + 335; 32 b/w plates, maps, figures. Price A$36.95 (paperback)
REVIEWS
Authors: Strang Veronica
Published: February 2015

The Social Life of Trees: anthropological perspectives on tree symbolism Edited by Laura Rival Oxford, New York: Berg 1998 Pp.xiv + 315 Price: £14.99
REVIEWS
Authors: Gammage Bill
Published: February 2015

My Gun, My Brother. The World of the Papua New Guinea Colonial Police, 1920–1960. By August Ibrum K Kituai. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. Pacific Islands Monograph Series 15, 1998 Pp: xx +414.
Ghostly Voices: some Observations on Song‐Creation, Ceremony and Being in NW Australia
Authors: Marett Allan
Published: February 2015

Wangga songs are given to songmen by ghosts in dreams. By singing these songs in ceremony songmen at Belyuen gain power over the ghosts of the recently dead and thereby conduct them away from human society. This paper argues that it is the replication not only of the melodies, rhythms and words of the ghost‐given songs, but also the voice of the song‐giving ghost itself that gives the singer his power. While the accumulation of spiritual power through the replication of the actions of the world‐creating ancestors has been widely discussed in the literature, dreamt song has been less closely examined. It is suggested that dreamt songs such as wangga play a role in facilitating adaptation to new patterns of residency and are thus a significant element in contemporary Aboriginal life.
Gift Exchange as Sensory Experience Among the Anganen
Authors: Nihill Michael
Published: February 2015

Gift exchange among the Anganen of the Southern Highlands Province (PNG) may be a complex, multifaceted sensory experience for participants and audience alike. This article primarily looks at the sensory dimensions of the organisation of space, with attention also given to sound, the immense heat of large pork distributions and the possibility of heightened emotional states such as trepidation or expectation that may feature in some events. These provide the ambience for the specific meaning of exchange to emerge. I compare a number of exchanges primarily through focusing on what I term politicisation (which may variously concern prestige, the degree of social opposition, or the amount of aggression displayed). Be it through contextual factors, or the inherent structural orientation of any exchange, political intensity varies due to different manifestations of sensory criteria. Gender and space are a major focus. In events that lack overt political intensity such as the marriage ceremony, women occupy centre stage. However, in more overtly politically intense events such as the yasolu ceremonial pork distribution, it is men who command centrality. As far as sound is concerned, while oration may feature, most interest is directed at the role of silence at marriage, the keening of women mourners at mortuary exchange, and a number of non‐discursive utterances by men in politically intense events that express aggression or exuberant pride. The argument is that these are not incidental but constitutive aspects of the politics of exchange. As such, the sensory dimensions of sight concern more than just the amount of wealth given, while the audible dimensions must go beyond oration alone.
Review
Authors: Worsley Peter
Published: February 2015

People, Country and the Rainbow Serpent: Systems of Classification Among the Lardil of Mornington Island. By David McKnight. New York: Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics, Vol.12, Pp. x + 270. Price: A$120.00
Review
Authors: Alexander Paul
Published: February 2015

Traditional Medicine Among the Ngaju Dayak in Central Kalimantan. By A. H. Klokke (Editor and Translator). Phillips, ME: Borneo Research Council. 1998. Pp. xxi + 314
Reviews
Authors: White J. Peter
Published: February 2015

An American anthropologist in Melanesia. A. B. Lewis and the Joseph N. Field South Pacific Expedition 1909 ‐ 1913. Edited and Annotated by Robert L. Welsch. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1998. Volume 1: pp. xxii + 632; Volume 2: pp. 287.
Shifting Sands: Towards an Anthropological Praxis
Authors: Bauman Toni
Published: February 2015

This paper reflects on some of the dilemmas within my shifting roles over the last twenty years as helper/friend/member of the Katherine Indigenous community in the Northern Territory of Australia and then, as anthropologist. During this period, indigenous calls for land rights have been increasingly interpreted in the terms of ‘bourgeois law’ (Collier et al. 1995). Indigenous identities have become the focus of intense public scrutiny as they define eligibility for scarce resources. Fighting over the scraps of what was once a wholistic indigenous landscape, some of Australia's indigenous peoples have begun to turn upon each other, in the struggle for recognition. Anthropologists as the scribes of indigenous identities are placed in invidious positions, and are easily accused of participating in (neo)colonial endeavours. This paper takes some small steps towards locating an anthropological praxis in this land rights/native title arena of power.
Policing Racial Fantasy in the Far West of New South Wales1
Authors: Morris Barry
Published: February 2015

In the 1980s, the Far West of New South Wales appeared as a flashpoint for racial tension and conflicts between Aboriginal people and the police. A number of direct confrontations occurred. At the time, attention to Aboriginal/police relations was under constant media scrutiny as pressure mounted for a Royal Commission into Aboriginal deaths in custody. Yet, even in national terms, the incidence of racial tension was abnormally high. This paper seeks to explore the social context of some of these events and to analyse the cultural and social questions they give rise to in terms of racial tensions in new ways. The tracing of the sociological categories of race and their inequitable consequences seemed less important than the local performative dynamics of race. The article seeks to explore a world where rumour and gossip, fantasy and violence add significantly to the complexity of social relations and in a manner not adequately encompassed by sociological assumptions of race.

Abject. It is something rejected from which one does not part, from which one does not protect oneself as from an object. Imaginary uncanniness and real threat, it beckons to us and ends up engulfing us (Kristeva 1982:4).
Rethinking Western Motu Descent Groups
Authors: Goddard Michael
Published: February 2015

The Motu‐Koitabu are the traditional inhabitants of the site of Papua New Guinea's capital city, Port Moresby, and well represented in a body of literature, from the 1870s on, encompassing oral history, archaeology and social anthropology. A basic unit of Motu‐Koitabu society is the iduhu, a corporate group which is nowadays conventionally glossed locally as a ‘clan’ in English, but represented in anthropological literature as more ambiguous in nature than the gloss implies. Considering the literature in the light of recent fieldwork in a Motu‐Koitabu village, this article takes issue with an argument developed in the 1950s, which has become an accepted wisdom, that the structure of iduhu was threatened by the social consequences of missionisation and colonialism, and that iduhu were saved from collapse by new leaders, church deacons, who replaced traditional leaders.

A re‐examination of the nature of iduhu, a partial reinterpretation of notions of leadership and prestige and an account of two recent disputes brought to a village court inform an argument that iduhu have been more resilient than previous researchers have thought. In this regard concepts of leadership among the Motu‐Koitabu need clarification, and it is suggested that the importance of landholding has been underestimated in previous attempts to understand what iduhu are.
Review
Authors: Stanton John E.
Published: February 2015

Through silent country. By Carolyn Wadley Dowley. Fremantle: Fremantle Arts Centre Press, 2000. Pp. 462. Price: $24.95
Reviews
Authors: Modjeska Nick
Published: February 2015

The curbing of anarchy in Kunimaipa society. by A. Margaret McArthur Edited by Douglas Oliver Oceania Monograph 49 University of Sydney: Oceania Monographs. 2000 Pp. xii + 232 + 19 pp. plates [unpaginated] Price: $52.80.
Dancing around Development: Crisis in Christian Country in Western Province, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Dundon Alison
Published: February 2015

This article explores the conjuncture of Christianity and development in light of the establishment of a new Gogodala church in Western Province, Papua New Guinea. In the paper, I examine the ways in which members of this new church, the Congregation of Evangelical Fellowship (CEF), are utilising the concept of dance to comment on the failure of both expatriate missionaries and the dominant Evangelical Church of Papua New Guinea (ECPNG) to prepare the Gogodala community for development. I trace how mission‐instigated abstention from dance became emblematic of a Christian lifestyle, and remains central to the constitution and articulation of ‘Christian country’ in this part of PNG. The incorporation of dance into CEF services and conferences, then, posits a challenge to the expatriate mission and ECPNG. In the process, dance has become a metaphor for a communal search for development as well as a reinterpretation of the Christian and pre‐contact past.
REVIEW
Authors: Samuel Geoffrey
Published: February 2015

Indigenous Religions: a companion. Edited By Graham Harvey. London and New York: Cassell, 2000. Pp. xii + 302. Price: US$26.95, £19.99
Reto's Chance: State and Status in an Urban Papua New Guinea Settlement
Authors: Goddard Michael
Published: February 2015

According to the ‘state‐in‐society’ model developed by Joel Migdal, states cannot be analytically regarded as separate from the societies they govern and have to be viewed in their social contexts. Migdal's model has been well received by scholars discussing governance and, especially, social control, in Melanesia. An anthropological qualification which could be applied to the model is that local elements of state in Melanesia are socially permeable, since their employees are likely to come from the communities they serve. This permeability arguably contributes to a mutually transformative relationship between state institutions and local groups whose praxis is informed by exigencies of kinship and community.

Heuristically viewing the colonially planned ‘village court system’ in Papua New Guinea as an element of state in terms of Migdal's model, this paper presents a narrative of the appropriation of a village court into community sociality and individual aspirations for status in an urban settlement in Port Moresby. Ethnographically, it suggests that an application of the state‐in‐society model in the Papua New Guinean context, at least, must allow recognition of the way colonially and neo‐colonially introduced institutions have been appropriated into the praxis of local communities, and thus must preserve a sense of the transformations both of the institutions and the social life of those communities, to be analytically viable.
Tradition and Christianity: Controversial Funerals and Concepts of the Person among the Paiwan, Taiwan
Authors: Tan Chang‐Kwo
Published: February 2015

This essay focuses on the complex and dynamic relationships between tradition and Christianity among the Paiwan, an Austronesian‐speaking people in Taiwan. The ethnography comes from a village in which adherents of traditional religion and Presbyterians live in the same area, but in separate quarters. They have close kinship and marriage ties; however, the funeral constitutes a major area of controversy and tension. I juxtapose their contrasting representations of death and funerals to highlight their differences and trace the source of their conflict to the ideological domain of concepts of the person. I argue that the differences in their funerals can be explained by the differences in the ways the two groups articulate two versions of the person. Adherents of traditional religion emphasize the holistic side of the person by calling the spirit of the deceased to reunite with the living, whereas Presbyterians stress the individualistic side of the person and maintain the boundary between the living and the dead. I propose that it is the co‐existence of two distinct concepts of the person and the different ways of articulating those concepts which shape the dynamic but often contradictory relationship between tradition and Christianity.
Review
Authors: Hamilton Annette
Published: February 2015

Penser l'imaginaire. Essais d'anthropologie psychanalytique. By Bernard Juillerat Lausanne: Editions Payot Lausanne. 2001. Pp. 309 Price: Euro 22.71
Review
Authors: Rohatynski Marta
Published: February 2015

An Anthropology of the Subject: Holographic Worldview in New Guinea and Its Meaning and Significance for the World of Anthropology By Roy Wagner Berkeley: University of California Press 2001 Pp. xv+267 Price: US $17.95
Review
Authors: Davidson Janet
Published: February 2015

Polynesia in Early Historic Times. By Douglas Oliver. Honolulu: Bess Press. 2002. Pp. xiv + 305. Price: US$29.95 (paper)
Acts of Faith: Muscular Christianity and Masculinity among the Gogodala of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Wilde Charles
Published: February 2015

This article examines the way Gogodala men in Western Province experienced colonialism and change not simply in terms of alienation or emasculation but as a dynamic process that reinforced many aspects of their work ethic, bodily capacities and lifestyle. Through an analysis of local narratives and colonial reports encompassing the way Sosola, a Gogodala leader, instigated and negotiated European contact, I discuss how, despite colonial changes, he continues to embody the male way of life or dala ela gi. As the only ‘faith’ based mission to enter Papua prior to World War II, I propose that the Unevangelized Fields Mission's muscular approach to evangelism enabled Gogodala men to determine their own response to Christianity. The early evangelical missionary disposition of demonstrating faith through action, through a reliance on the virtues of physical strength, work and tenacity rather than theological knowledge, resonated strongly with a Gogodala masculinity that was epitomised by displays of strength through work. Rather than rendered powerless by colonial authority, I discuss some of the ways men have experienced and interpret the colonial past in ways that assert the continuing dynamics of dala ela gi.
Tea and Tinned Fish: Christianity, Consumption and the Nation in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Dundon Alison
Published: February 2015

This paper explores the intersection of consumption, Christianity and the nation in Western Province, Papua New Guinea. It examines the significance of the adoption of European‐introduced clothing and the consumption of trade store foods like tea, tinned fish, rice, sugar and tinned milk for Gogodala communities of PNG. Although initially disgusted by the idea of consuming substances that seemed reminiscent of mother's milk, Gogodala now embrace trade store foods with enthusiasm. The paper traces the transformation of Gogodala attitudes to such products in terms of the development of a ‘national culture’ as well as a more globalising Christianity. It suggests that, for the Gogodala, consumption is an arena for what Foster has termed ‘everyday nation making’. Yet, in this case, ‘the nation’ is understood and realised through a metaphoric association with Christian others, particularly Europeans. The basis of national subjectivity for the Gogodala, then, is an enduring relationship between Gogodala and expatriate Europeans.
Reconfigurations of Place and Ethnicity: Positionings, Performances and Politics of Relocated Banabans in Fiji
Authors: Kempf Wolfgang , Hermann Elfriede
Published: February 2015

Spatial belonging and ethnic identity among the Banabans resettled on Rabi Island in Fiji are the product of historically and culturally specific articulations and transformations. Such reconfigurations of place and ethnicity, based mainly on enmeshments between the Banabans' new island home, Rabi, and their island of origin in the Central Pacific, Banaba, have let them position themselves as an autonomous community living out a diaspora existence. Central to this identity politics of positioning are ethnic performances in which neo‐traditional enactments are deployed to produce embodied knowledge of Banaban existence and to communicate such knowledge to a wider world. We argue that the Banabans of Fiji, caught in a post‐colonial environment of ethnic‐nationalist discourses and practices, make strategic use of such ethnic performances to affirm and advance, both internally and externally, their own politics of spatial and ethnic positioning on Rabi.
Review
Authors: Lindstrom Lamont
Published: February 2015

Secrecy and Cultural Reality: Utopian Ideologies of the New Guinea Men's House By Gilbert Herdt Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 2003. Pp. xviii + 269. ISBN: 0‐472‐06761‐3 Price: US$26.95 paper
REVIEWS
Authors: Munn Nancy D.
Published: February 2015

Aboriginal Religions in Australia: an Anthology of Recent Writings Edited by Max Charlesworth, Francoise Dussart and Howard Morphy Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 2005 Ppix+324. Price: £47.50 cloth.
Influence of test parameters in an automotive cyclic test on the corrosion and mechanical performance of joined materials
Authors: LeBozec N. , Thierry D.
Published: February 2015

The effect of selected climatic parameters including the freezing temperature (+20, −15, and −25 °C), the composition of the salt solution (NaCl or a mixture of NaCl, and CaCl2) in an accelerated corrosion test cycle as per VDA233–102 was investigated using 20 different assemblies with a lap‐shear design. These joined materials included steel based substrates such as carbon steel, high strength steel, zinc coated steel (conventional zinc coating and ZnAlMg coating) and as well as hot stamped steel (Usibor® 1500P with AluSi coating) and, two different aluminium alloys (AA6016, AA5182). Joining techniques integrated spot welding, clinching, adhesive bonding. No significant influence of the freezing phase, of the substitution of some NaCl for CaCl2 in the salt solution could be observed on the mechanical properties, corrosion behaviour of the different combinations after 25 weeks of accelerated testing in a VDA 233–102 cycle.
A Novel Kind of Green Solid Propellant Containing H2O2 Cured at Room Temperature (SPHP)
Authors: Zhang Yungang , Pang Aimin , Xiao Jinwu , Zeng Dawen , Yuan Hua , Li Wenbing , Sun Hongguang , Wang Rui , Li Haitao , Xie Changsheng
Published: February 2015

A novel kind of green solid propellant containing H2O2 cured at room temperature (SPHP) was prepared by a “two‐steps” method, and its stability, mechanical properties, sensitivity, and combustion behavior were characterized. Stable storage of SPHP can be achieved at room temperature by selecting propellant ingredients with perfect compatibility with H2O2 and the addition of a complex stabilizer into propellant formulation. In addition, the obtained SPHP showed a lower tensile strength and higher elongation compared with conventional solid propellant. The experimental results showed that the sensitivity of SPHP was considerably low, but its combustion efficiency and C* efficiency were really high. The hot firing tests demonstrated the stable and smokeless combustion of SPHP, as well as its combustion behavior within the pressure range of 2–10 MPa was in agreement with Vieille’s law and thus can be represented by r=9.95P0.57.
From 2D to 1D functionalization: Steps towards a carbon nanotube based biomembrane sensor for curvature sensitive proteins
Authors: Ostermaier Frieder , Scharfenberg Linda , Schneider Kristian , Hennig Stefan , Ostermann Kai , Posseckardt Juliane , Rödel Gerhard , Mertig Michael
Published: February 2015

Membrane proteins are not homogeneously distributed throughout the membrane. One proposed localization mechanism is related to membrane curvature. In this work a sensor platform has been developed that uses carbon nanotubes to create curvature in a supported lipid bilayer. The specific binding of curvature sensitive proteins to the bent areas of the membrane is investigated by fluorescence microscopy. The setup will allow to study binding kinetics of curvature sensing motifs or to use such motifs for a one‐dimensional functionalization along the CNT.

Fluorescence image of EGFP labeled curvature sensitive proteins that show linear alignment on a supported lipid bilayer above dielectrophoretically deposited single‐walled carbon nanotubes.
Large‐scale wind and precipitation extremes in the Mediterranean: a climatological analysis for 1979–2012
Authors: Raveh‐Rubin Shira , Wernli Heini
Published: February 2015

A new method for identifying high impact large‐scale wind and precipitation events in the extended Mediterranean region is outlined and applied to the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis dataset ERA‐Interim for the years 1979–2012. The method highlights large‐scale 10 m gust and precipitation events that classify as extreme if integrated over a spatial scale of 1000 km and a temporal scale of 3 days. The method detects successfully high impact events, and reveals clear seasonal differences among the subregions of the Mediterranean. Western Mediterranean precipitation extremes are more intense, and occur mainly in autumn, while eastern Mediterranean events occur in winter. Composite dynamical analyses of large‐scale wind and precipitation extremes, and a combination of them, highlight coherent dynamical flow structures associated with the extremes in the different subregions of the Mediterranean. Precipitation events are preceded by an upper‐level trough and strong jet on its western flank, followed by cyclogenesis (mainly in the western Mediterranean), and/or a merging of the polar with the subtropical jet over northeastern Africa (in the eastern Mediterranean). Strong surface wind extremes develop around cyclones that intensify south of a deep parent cyclone near the exit of a strong anticyclonically curved jet, propagate eastwards and create a cold and dry northerly wind anomaly at the surface. Furthermore, combined large‐scale wind and precipitation extremes often occur simultaneously near cyclones, either North Atlantic cyclones, which project the wind and precipitation into the western Mediterranean, or Mediterranean cyclones. The latter produce wind extremes over a localized area, which often overlaps entirely with the region that receives extreme precipitation.
Revisiting dissipative heating in tropical cyclone maximum potential intensity
Authors: Kieu Chanh
Published: February 2015

In this study, we re‐examine the hypothesis of the dissipative heating in the tropical cyclone (TC) maximum potential intensity (MPI) proposed by Bister and Emanuel in 1998. By analysing an integral energy equation for an atmospheric domain that encloses all the TC Carnot legs, it is shown that the dissipative heating within the boundary layer is inherently contained in the energy budget so that there is no need to treat it separately. Due to the well‐mixed assumption, the net impact of the dissipative heating turns out to be negligible, resulting in the same MPI estimation as in Emanuel's 1986 article. Within the atmospheric surface layer, the dissipative heating comes at the expense of reduced internal kinetic energy in the boundary layer, which is not seen in Bister and Emanuel's formulation due to their assumption of constant wind speed within the atmospheric surface layer. Analysis of the energy distribution within the atmospheric surface layer shows that about 10–30% of the frictional work could be transferred to the ocean surface waves and oceanic well‐mixed layer, and the assumption that all frictional work is converted to the dissipative heating therefore needs to be revisited. Given further uncertainties in how the dissipative heating is distributed within the surface layer and how the atmospheric surface layer exchanges heat with the ambient environment, we recommend use of the original MPI formula obtained by Emanuel (1986) in which the impact of the dissipative heating within the surface layer can be effectively included in the bulk enthalpy flux parametrization instead of considering dissipative heating as an independent heat source as proposed by Bister and Emanuel.
Toward a flexible and fine‐grained access control framework for infrastructure as a service clouds
Authors: Li Bo , Li Jianxin , Liu Lu , Zhou Chao
Published: February 2015

Cloud computing, as an emerging computing paradigm, greatly facilitates resource sharing and enables providing computing power as services over the Internet. However, it also brings new challenges for security and access control, especially in infrastructure as a service clouds. The introduction of virtualization layer increases new security risks, which should be restricted and confined by more stringent access control techniques. In this paper, we propose a flexible and fine‐grained access control framework, named IaaS‐oriented Hybrid Access Control (iHAC), which combines the advantages of both the role‐based access control and type enforcement model. We consider access control issues from the perspective of virtual machines. A permission transition model is designed to dynamically assign permissions to virtual machines. A Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)‐based access control mechanism is presented to confine the virtual machine's behaviors in a fine‐grained manner. A VMM‐enabled network access control approach is proposed to regulate the communication among virtual machines. iHAC is successfully implemented in the Internet based Virtual Computing Infrastructure (iVIC) platform, and several experiments are conducted to evaluate its effectiveness and efficiency. The results show that iHAC can make correct access control decisions with low performance overhead. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and verification of trust and reputation systems
Authors: Aldini Alessandro
Published: February 2015

Trust is a basic soft‐security condition influencing interactive and cooperative behaviors in online communities. Several systems and models have been proposed to enforce and investigate the role of trust in the process of favoring successful cooperations while minimizing selfishness and failure. However, the analysis of their effectiveness and efficiency is a challenging issue. This paper provides a formal approach to the design and verification of trust infrastructures used in the setting of software architectures and computer networks supporting online communities. The proposed framework encompasses a process calculus of concurrent systems, a temporal logic for trust, and model checking techniques. Both functional and quantitative aspects can be modeled and analyzed, while several types of trust models can be integrated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a non-redundant set of 202 in silico SSR markers and applicability of a select set in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Agarwal Gaurav , Sabbavarapu Murali M. , Singh Vikas K. , Thudi Mahendar , Sheelamary S. , Gaur Pooran M. , Varshney Rajeev K.
Published: February 2015

The paucity of sequence information flanking the simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs identified especially in the transcript sequences has been limiting factor in the development of SSR markers for plant genome analysis as well as breeding applications. To overcome this and enhance the genic SSR marker repertoire in chickpea, the draft genome sequence of kabuli chickpea (CDC Frontier) and publicly available transcript sequences consisting of in silico identified SSR motifs were deployed in the present study. In this direction, the 300 bp sequence flanking the SSR motifs were retrieved by aligning 566 SSR containing transcripts of ICCV 2 available in public domain on the reference chickpea genome. A set of 202 novel genic SSRs were developed from a set of 507 primer pairs designed, based on in silico amplification of single locus and having no similarity to the publicly available SSR markers. Further, 40 genic SSRs equally distributed on chickpea genome were validated on a select set of 44 chickpea genotypes (including 41 Cicer arietinum and 3 Cicer reticulatum), out of which 25 were reported to be polymorphic. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 25 polymorphic genic SSRs ranged from 0.11 to 0.77 and number of alleles varied from 2 to 9. Clear demarcation among founder lines of multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population developed at ICRISAT and near-isogenic nature of JG 11 and JG11 + demonstrates the usefulness of these markers in chickpea diversity analysis and breeding studies. Further, genic polymorphic SSRs reported between parental lines of 16 different mapping populations along with the novel SSRs can be deployed for trait mapping and breeding applications in chickpea.
Analysis of Phosphoinositide‐Binding Properties and Subcellular Localization of GFP‐Fusion Proteins
Authors: Jun Yong‐Woo , Kim Sangyeol , Kim Kun‐Hyung , Lee Jin‐A , Lim Chae‐Seok , Chang Iksoo , Suh Byung‐Chang , Kaang Bong‐Kiun , Jang Deok‐Jin
Published: February 2015

Specific protein‐phosphoinositide (PI) interactions are known to play a key role in the targeting of proteins to specific cellular membranes. Investigation of these interactions would be greatly facilitated if GFP‐fusion proteins expressed in mammalian cells and used for their subcellular localization could also be employed for in vitro lipid binding. In this study, we found that lysates of cells overexpressing GFP‐fusion proteins could be used for in vitro protein‐PI binding assays. We applied this approach to examine the PI‐binding properties of Aplysia Sec7 protein (ApSec7) and its isoform ApSec7(VPKIS), in which a VPKIS sequence is inserted into the PH domain of ApSec7. EGFP‐ApSec7 but not EGFP‐ApSec7(VPKIS) did specifically bind to PI(3,4,5)P3 in an in vitro lipid‐coated bead assay. Overexpression of EGFP‐ApSec7 but not EGFP‐ApSec7(VPKIS) did induce neurite outgrowth in Aplysia sensory neurons. Structure modeling analysis revealed that the inserted VPKIS caused misfolding around the PI(3,4,5)P3‐binding pocket of ApSec7 and disturbed the binding of PI(3,4,5)P3 to the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. Our data indicate that plasma membrane localization of EGFP‐ApSec7 via the interaction between its PH domain and PI(3,4,5)P3 might play a key role in neurite outgrowth in Aplysia.
Prevalence of helminth infestation during pregnancy and its association with maternal anemia and low birth weight
Authors: Aderoba Adeniyi K. , Iribhogbe Oseihie I. , Olagbuji Biodun N. , Olokor Oghenefegor E. , Ojide Chiedozie K. , Ande Adedapo B.
Published: February 2015

Objective

To determine the prevalence of helminth infestation during pregnancy and the associated risks of adverse maternal and infant outcomes.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of women with a singleton pregnancy of at least 34 weeks was conducted at a teaching hospital in Benin City, Nigeria, between April 1 and September 30, 2010. Socioeconomic and clinical data were obtained. Stool samples were used to determine helminth infection. Birth weight was recorded at delivery. Multivariable analysis was used to assess the link between helminth infestation and maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Results

Among 178 women, 31 (17.4%) had a helminth infestation (15 [8.4%] had ascariasis, 8 [4.5%] trichuriasis, and 25 [14.0%] hookworm infestation). Multivariate analysis found that helminth infestations was associated with maternal anemia (adjusted odds ratio 12.4; 95% confidence interval 4.2–36.3) and low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio 6.8; 95% confidence interval 2.1–21.9).

Conclusion

Approximately one in five women had a helminth infestation in the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal helminth infestation significantly increased the risks of maternal anemia and low birth weight, indicating that routine administration of anthelminthic drugs during early pregnancy might improve perinatal outcomes.
Reconstruction of ancestral drainage patterns in an internally draining region, Fars Province, Iran
Authors: LEE JACQUELINE
Published: February 2015

Google Earth imagery is used here in conjunction with a Geographic Information System to identify transverse drainages and recreate palaeodrainage in an internally draining region in Iran. At least 35 water gaps and 34 wind gaps are shown to exist in the region, as well as evidence for an integrated palaeodrainage that originated north of the internally draining region and emptied into the Mand watershed to the west. The topographic characteristics of the transverse drainages suggest a strong control by local topography, and support formation of the internally draining region by basin filling and overflow. Both climatic and tectonic factors may have controlled the loss of external connectivity.
Evidence of nutrition transition in Southern Africa
Authors: Nnyepi Maria S. , Gwisai Namo , Lekgoa Malebogo , Seru Tumelo
Published: February 2015

Nutrition transition is characterised by shift to highly refined diets high in fat, salt and caloric sweeteners and low in fibre in rapidly growing economies. Dietary shifts occur almost concurrently with demographic and epidemiologic shifts, urbanisation and industrialisation and together contribute to increased prevalence of nutrition related (NR)-non-communicable disease (NCR). The emergence of nutrition transition in Southern Africa countries (SAC) was examined using anthropometric, NCD prevalence, and food consumption data. The findings reveal growing prevalence of overweight and obesity (OWOB) across SAC, with national prevalence estimated between 30 and 60 % in all but two SAC. Overweight prevalence in excess of 60 % has been reported in some sub-population groups. Hypertension prevalence of at least 30 % has also been reported. Further, the prevalence of OWOB and hypertension in many SAC exceeds that of HIV and is often at par with stunting in children. NCD are equally serious public health problems as stunting and HIV. Collectively, NR-NCD explain 20–31 % of mortality for Botswana, South Africa, Swaziland, Mozambique and Zambia. At least 72 % of adults in SAC have fewer servings of fruit and vegetable servings daily than recommended. Additionally, adults in SAC do poorly in physical activity; 31–75 % do not exercise regularly. Not surprisingly, 15–40 % of adults in SAC have at least three risk factors of CVD. SAC are grappling with NR-NCD which threaten to surpass infectious diseases burden. SAC are at various levels in interventions for moving their populations to stage 5, but there is room for much improvement.
A systematic review on empowerment for healthy nutrition in health promotion
Authors: Brandstetter Susanne , Rüter Jana , Curbach Janina , Loss Julika
Published: February 2015

Objective

The present review aimed to identify and synthesize studies that used an empowerment approach within the field of healthy nutrition.

Design

A systematic review was conducted. Studies were identified by database searching (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Psyndex). Searching, selecting and reporting were done according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) Statement.

Setting

Health promotion including the subject of healthy nutrition.

Subjects

Individuals from non-clinical populations.

Results

A total of 1226 studies were screened for eligibility, eight studies were finally included. Three studies used the empowerment approach within a qualitative research paradigm and five studies within (quasi-) experimental intervention studies. Heterogeneity in settings, samples and evaluation methods was high. Most studies referred to the key message of empowerment, i.e. taking control over one’s own life. However, the ways in which this key message was implemented in the interventions differed considerably.

Conclusions

The number of studies included was very low. Furthermore, most studies had some limitations in terms of reporting how the empowerment approach was actually applied. The empowerment approach still seems to be unfamiliar within the field of healthy nutrition.
SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BAROQUE MUSIC UNIVERSITÄT MOZARTEUM SALZBURG, 9–13 JULY 2014
Authors: RHEUBOTTOM NICHOLAS
Published: February 2015

The Sixteenth Biennial International Conference on Baroque Music (ICBM) was held at the beautiful Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Mozarteum in Salzburg, Austria. Thanks to the tireless efforts of Professor Thomas Hochradner and his effective team of assistants, approximately 250 participants could choose from papers and lecture-recitals that covered a wide spectrum of topics and methodologies. These included new research on notable composers, geographical influences upon musical genres and interdisciplinary approaches. The organizers also offered guided tours on one of the afternoons, which allowed participants to trace the music of the city, learn about the autographs vault of the Mozarteum, listen to the organs at the Metropolitan Church or explore the cathedral quarters (Domquartier).
Ruling Out Behavior Rules: When Theoretical Virtues and Empirical Evidence Collide
Authors: Thompson J. Robert
Published: February 2015

In this article, I assess several methodological concerns surrounding mentalistic interpretations of infant social cognition. Those skeptical of such interpretations have offered behavior-reading interpretations of the same phenomena, thereby leading to an extended debate that has been, often implicitly, a debate over methodology in psychological explanations. In what follows, I set out the methodological concerns that arise in assessing the two interpretations and show the critical role these concerns play in this particular debate. Although it will become clear that I contend the overall debate favors the mentalistic interpretation over the behavior-rule interpretation, I will be focusing primarily on how to conceptualize the problems under discussion, rather than trying to solve them directly. Because additional empirical and conceptual work will be required to support either interpretation, I hope to situate both past and future work within a more thoroughly methodological terrain than has been attempted to date.