bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Questions and Answers: Investigating the Role of Student Talk Moves in Persuasive Writing
Authors: Al‐Adeimi Shireen
Published: December 2024

While the merits of dialogic talk for supporting students' learning is well documented, the contribution of specific talk moves on learning outcomes remains less understood. This study was conducted to investigate how student‐generated talk moves during whole‐classroom discussions, as captured by the Low‐Inference Discourse Observation tool, predict subsequent written persuasive essays on the same topic. In this study, 471 written persuasive essays from students in grades 4 through 7, as well as classroom‐level discussion features from 42 classrooms are analyzed using a Cumulative Link Mixed Model to account for the ordinal nature of the essay scores and the hierarchical data structure. Findings highlight the infrequency of peer‐to‐peer interactions, a highly dialogic talk move that was absent in most classroom discussions analyzed. Additionally, controlling for teacher talk moves, topic variations, and student demographics, the analysis revealed that student‐generated questions positively predicted persuasive essay scores, whereas minimal responses had a negative effect. These findings underscore the significance of student contributions to dialogic interactions in classroom discussions, providing empirical evidence for their role in supporting argumentative writing skills.
Halogenated Anils of Sulfanilamide: Structural, Hirshfeld, and Optical Studies
Authors: Ahangar Aadil A. , Malik Asif A. , Ahmad Shamim , Dar Aijaz A.
Published: December 2024

Chemistry of functional organic materials is interesting in terms of design and applications. Halogen functionalization of organic molecules is intriguing as besides affecting the intramolecular electronic properties, their presence triggers intermolecular halogen bonds, affecting both packing and bulk properties. We report the rationally substituted halogenated anils of sulfanilamide 1–3 to understand the influence of halogens on molecular packing and bulk properties. The products 1 and 2 exhibit thermal stability beyond 300 ⁰C, whereas 3 undergoes early weight loss, indicating the presence of lattice solvent. The phase purity of the products has been confirmed with powder X‐ray analyses. Products have been further characterized through single‐crystal diffraction studies to understand crystal packing with further support from Hirshfeld studies. X⋯O interactions are predominant interactions and significant interhalogen X⋯X interactions are observed only in 2. The products are feebly emissive in solid‐state. Interestingly, 2 and 3 in thin film forms undergo emission quenching, whereas 1 exhibits augmented emission. AIE active anil 1 has been used for the sensing of explosive aromatic compound like picric acid.
Development of Novel Hydroxy Amide‐Based HDAC1 Inhibitors: Integrated Pharmacophore Modelling, 3D‐QSAR, and Virtual Screening Studies
Authors: Saha Moumita , Gupta Shankar , Gupta Ashutosh , Patel Rajiv , Rajora Aditya Dev , Almehizia Abdulrahman A. , Pathan Hero Khan , Asati Vivek
Published: December 2024

Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are well‐established epigenetic targets for cancer therapy, with several HDAC inhibitors already approved for clinical use. Despite their potential, the clinical application of HDAC inhibitors, particularly HDAC1‐selective compounds, faces significant challenges. These include poor pharmacokinetics, limited bioavailability, and a lack of selectivity, which often necessitates to combine these inhibitors with other drugs for improved efficacy. Their limitations as standalone therapies emphasize the urgent need for further research and development. In this study, the dataset of 71 compounds were used to generate various pharmacophore models, among them DDRRR_1 was generated as the best pharmacophore model with a survival score of 6.148. The 3D‐QSAR data of theses compound showed a significant result with the values of R2 = 0.95 and Q2 = 0.87 in the atom‐based model and R2 = 0.901 and Q2 = 0.77 in the field‐based model. R‐group enumeration study generated novel 6426 compounds which was further screened through virtual screening study. The top‐scoring compound was M1 with the highest docking score (−8.804 kcal/mol) where hydroxy amide is important for interaction with HDAC1 protein. The ADME analysis demonstrated the compound's drug‐like characteristics. Overall, all hit compounds showed pharmacokinetic characteristics found within the range that is considered safe for human usage. This study findings have the potential to be applied further in the development of HDAC1 inhibitors for the treatment of gastric cancer.
The Dialectical Relationship Between Burnout and Work Engagement: A Network Approach
Authors: Hafstad Marius D. , Ebrahimi Omid V. , Fostervold Knut Inge
Published: December 2024

Based on previous empirical evidence, scholars have argued for a dialectical relationship between burnout and work engagement. However, these conclusions largely rely on latent variable models, which have inherent limitations due to strong hierarchical assumptions about data. As a result, previous findings should be considered preliminary indications rather than conclusive evidence. In this study, we introduce network analysis to investigate the relationship between burnout and work engagement. We demonstrate its utility by comparing the fit indices of the network model and three factor models in a cross‐national sample with 2469 employees from Norway and 879 employees from the US and UK. Based on theory and fit indices, we conclude that the network model was preferred in both samples. Using this model, we uncovered positive relationships between two work engagement variables and the exhaustion component of burnout. Theoretically, this study broadens our understanding and show support for the dialectical relationship between burnout and work engagement. Furthermore, by introducing the network model to empirical research, we provide a novel approach that contribute to nuance and ideas for research on burnout and work engagement. Practically, our results offer insightful data on possible points for intervention between burnout and work engagement variables.
ROS Responsive Cerium Oxide Biomimetic Nanoparticles Alleviates Calcium Oxalate Crystals Induced Kidney Injury via Suppressing Oxidative Stress and M1 Macrophage Polarization
Authors: He Yu , Peng Ejun , Ba Xiaozhuo , Wu Jian , Deng Wen , Huang Qiu , Tong Yonghua , Shang Haojie , Zhong Zichen , Liu Xiao , Zhang Yanlong , Ye Tao , Yang Xiaoqi , Wang Kangyang , Xie Yabin , Jiang Kehua , Xia Ding , Chen Zhiqiang , Tang Kun
Published: December 2024

Emerging studies have demonstrated that M1 macrophage polarization and oxidative stress play important roles in calcium oxalate (CaOx) induced kidney injury, which leads to increased crystals deposition. ROS scavenging nanozymes and kidney‐targeted nanoparticles for antioxidant drugs delivery have emerged as an arisen methodology for kidney injury therapy. However, cell membrane biomimetic‐modified nanozymes as anti‐inflammatory drug delivery systems for the treatment of kidney injury is rarely reported. Herein, the ROS responsive red blood cell‐membrane‐coated resatorvid‐loaded cerium oxide nanoparticles (RBCM@CeO2/TAK‐242) are constructed to suppress CaOx induced kidney injury and crystals deposition. In vitro, RBCM@CeO2/TAK‐242 shows effective internalization by renal tubular epithelial cells, along with demonstrated antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and macrophage reprogramming effects. Glyoxalate(Gly)‐induced renal CaOx crystals mouse model is established, RBCM@CeO2/TAK‐242 shows excellent injured kidney targeting and biosafety, and could effectively suppress CaOx induced kidney injury and crystals deposition. RBCM@CeO2/TAK‐242 has a dual protective effect by both inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating macrophage polarization in vivo. In addition, RNA seq analysis reveals that RBCM@CeO2/TAK‐242 protects against CaOx induced kidney injury via suppressing the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway. This study provides an innovative strategy for RBCM@CeO2/TAK‐242 as injured kidney targeting and dual protective effects for the treatment of CaOx induced kidney injury and crystals deposition.
Chloride Engineering for Boosting Perovskite Photovoltaics: Impact on Precursor Coordination, Crystallization, and Film Quality
Authors: Li Bo , Pu Wei , Zhang Meng , Liu Yang , Li Mengjie
Published: December 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have seen rapid advancements over the past decade, driven by their exceptional optoelectronic properties and high power conversion efficiencies. Cl‐based additives strategy has significantly contributed to these advancements by enhancing crystallinity, improving preferred orientation, and optimizing the surface morphology of perovskite films. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements and insights into the critical role of Cl‐based additives in perovskite photovoltaics, focusing on the mechanisms behind Cl incorporation and its effects on film and device performance. First, the impact of Cl on precursor solution coordination and colloidal characteristics is discussed. Then, how Cl‐based additives influence the phase transitions of perovskites, including methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3), and 2D perovskites is examined. Furthermore, the impact of Cl‐based interfacial treatments on perovskite film quality is explored. Based on these insights, the overall impact of Cl treatments is also reviewed on the properties of perovskite films. Finally, a brief overview of the remaining challenges and future perspectives are provided to guide ongoing research efforts toward optimizing Cl additive engineering for high‐performance PSCs.
Unveiling Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Lithium Metal Anodes: Recent Developments and Prospective Advances
Authors: Aslam Junaid , Waseem Muhammad Ahsan , Lu Xiao‐Meng , Wu Songling , Sun Weiwei , Wang Yong
Published: December 2024

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are distinguished by their elevated energy densities which represent themselves as the formidable contenders for the forthcoming generation of energy storage technologies. Nonetheless, their cycling efficiency is hindered owing to unregulated growth of lithium dendrites and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This raises serious safety concerns while rendering LMBs unfeasible for real‐world implementation. Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs) have emerged as a promising class of 2D nanomaterials due to their unique properties such as high surface area, chemical stability, tailorable properties, porosity and high N‐containing groups. These groups serve as an efficient acceptor for Li. Consequently, the problem of lithium dendrite formation is significantly reduced. This review offers an extensive examination of CTF based anode materials utilized to address the challenges associated with lithium dendrites in LMBs. It is outline future prospects and provide recommendations for the design and engineering of lithium metal anodes (LMAs) and architectures that can make LMBs viable for practical use. This review also highlights promising strategies for surmounting challenges to ensure the safety and efficiency of LMBs.
Regulating Mitochondrial Aging via Targeting the Gut‐Bone Axis in BMSCs With Oral Hydrogel Microspheres to Inhibit Bone Loss
Authors: Qu Xiao , xie Zhou , Zhang Jun , Huang Yanran , Zhao Runhan , Li Ningdao , Wang Juan , Chen Liang , Cui Wenguo , Luo Xiaoji
Published: December 2024

The gut‐bone axis is a promising target for osteoporosis treatment, yet existing delivery systems lack precise targeting. Herein, an oral hydrogel microsphere system (E7‐Lipo@Alg/Cs) is developed using gas microfluidic and ionic crosslinking technologies to deliver drugs to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via the gut‐bone axis, regulating mitochondrial aging. A BMSC‐affine peptide is conjugated onto liposomes encapsulating Fisetin, followed by incorporation into alginate‐calcium hydrogel microspheres. Chitosan is electrostatically adsorbed onto the microsphere surface, creating a core‐shell structure that adheres to intestinal epithelial cells, withstands gastric acid, and facilitates targeted delivery to BMSCs through the intestinal‐bone axis. In vitro, the system effectively enhances mitochondrial function and reverses BMSC aging, while in vivo studies demonstrate prolonged drug activity, restored osteogenic differentiation, and bone regeneration. RNA‐seq indicates activation of the AMPK‐SIRT1 pathway, reversing mitochondrial aging in BMSCs and promoting aged bone tissue regeneration. This oral hydrogel microsphere system provides a targeted and efficient strategy for regulating mitochondrial function and preventing bone loss, offering significant clinical potential for osteoporosis treatment.
Visible light‐responsive azo‐based smart materials: Design, performance, and applications in energy storage
Authors: Lv Shurui , Zhang Yuang , Wang Wentao , Zhang Shufen , Tang Bingtao
Published: December 2024

Azobenzene and its derivatives are the most extensively investigated and applied molecular photoswitches, which can undergo reversible transformation between trans and cis isomers upon irradiation with light at specific wavelengths. Through structural geometry transformation, the property alterations can be integrated into smart materials to meet diverse application requirements. Most azo‐based photoswitches require UV light for activation. However, complete activation within the visible or even near‐infrared light range could offer several benefits for photoswitch applications, including improved biocompatibility, better light penetration, and enhanced solar light utilization efficiency. This review presents an overview of the development of visible‐light responsive azo‐based materials, covering molecular design strategies and their applications in energy storage. Recent efforts aimed at enhancing the performance of azo‐based energy storage materials are highlighted. According to the different strategies for improving energy storage properties, these materials are categorized as those that directly increase isomerization energy and those that introduce phase transition energy. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in this field with a view to inspire further exploration.
Seismic Performance of Shaped Steel Reinforced High‐Strength Concrete Walls: Cyclic Loading Test and Analytical Modeling
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Ma Linyuan , Zhao Bin , Ding Kun , Ni Xiangyong
Published: December 2024

The thickness of the bottom shear walls in tall and super‐tall structures is often designed too large to meet the limit requirements of axial compression ratios, which increases the weight and cost of the structure. To address this issue, high‐strength concrete (HSC) and shaped steel are combined to form composite shear wall members. This paper focuses on seismic performance and analytical hysteresis model of steel reinforced HSC shear walls (SRHCW) under high axial compressive load. Firstly, the reversed cyclic test was conducted to investigate the influence of concrete strength and the steel ratio on the seismic performance of SRHCWs by comparing the failure mechanism, hysteretic curves, stiffness degradation, ductility, energy dissipation, and steel bar strain variation of each specimen. Then, a hysteresis model for SRHCWs was established, and the model can be used for the nonlinear analysis and seismic performance evaluation of SRHCWs. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed hysteresis model was evaluated by the experimental data. The experimental results show that under high axial compression ratio, the interstory drift ratio capacity of SRHCWs can reach 3.03% showing excellent deformation performance. The wall specimens built with different strength concrete and shaped steel ratios exhibited similar strength, deformation, and initial stiffness, indicating that the steel ratio of the wall can be effectively reduced by upgrading the concrete strength of the wall specimens while ensuring its seismic performance. The analytical model can well predict the hysteresis force–deformation curves of SRHCWs under high axial load ratios.
Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control with Feedback‐Based Flux‐Weakening Operation for PMSM Drives
Authors: Yang Liguo , Li Hongmei , Zhao Haonan , Huang Jiandong , Zhou Chao
Published: December 2024

Finite control set model predictive control (FCS‐MPC) has gained widespread application in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives, especially for the operations below the base speed. In this paper, a novel voltage feedback‐based flux‐weakening control scheme is proposed to enable FCS‐MPC to extend its operation above the base speed. In this method, an extended state observer (ESO)‐based ultra‐local model is employed as the prediction model to reduce parameter dependence. To realize flux‐weakening operation, PMSM's steady‐state voltage drop is estimated using the information from ultra‐local model. And the magnitude of steady‐state voltage drop is then used as the feedback variable to reconstruct a novel voltage control loop. The output of voltage controller automatically modifies the d‐axis current reference when motor operates above the base‐speed. With the help of voltage control loop, a smooth and automatic flux‐weakening operation can be achieved without requiring the motor parameters. The proposed method is verified experimentally under various speed and load conditions. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Reaction of Mono‐ and Bidentate Phosphane Oxides with TiCl4 and Ti(NMe2)4
Authors: Rezaei Kheirkhah Bahareh , Fener Benjamin E. , Bauer Richard , Liebing Phil , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: December 2024

The addition of secondary Mes2P(O)H and of bulky tertiary phosphindole oxide onto TiCl4 leads to formation of trans‐[TiCl4(OPR3)2] 1 and 2. Contrary to this finding, Ti(NMe2)4 metalates secondary dimesitylphosphane oxide and mixtures of the mononuclear complexes [Ti(NMe2)4−n(OPMes2)n] form. The ratio between the amido and phosphinito ligands varies with the stoichiometry; however, pure compounds are not accessible. Fast ligand exchange reactions interconvert these complexes and only mixtures are obtained. The reaction of TiCl4 with bidentate alkane‐α,ω‐diyl‐bis(diarylphosphane oxides), Ar2P(O)–(CH2)n–P(O)Ar2 with Ar/n = Ph/1 (I), Ph/2 (II), and Mes/2 (III)) yields insoluble [(I)2Ti2Cl4(μ‐Cl)2] [Ti2Cl9]2 (3), [(II)2TiCl2] [Ti2Cl9]2 (4), and [(III)2(TiCl3)2] [Ti2Cl9]2 (5) regardless of the applied stoichiometry. All these complexes have the dinuclear [Cl3Ti(μ‐Cl)3TiCl3]− anion in common.
Ampelopsis japonica enhances the effect of radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Zhaohua , Cui Peixia , Wu Qian , Ji Xiao
Published: December 2024

Background

Radiotherapy is widely used in the clinical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, its effectiveness often proves unsatisfactory. Ampelopsis japonica (AJ) is a traditional Chinese herb with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. However, whether AJ could enhance the effect of radiotherapy in NSCLC needs to be further explored.

Methods

In vivo, BALB/c nude mice were used for a xenograft tumor model to explore whether AJ could enhance the effect of radiation therapy (RT) in NSCLC. In vitro, human NSCLC cell lines HCC827 and H1299 were used to explore the effect of AJ on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of RT-treated NSCLC. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis was performed to analyze the signaling pathways regulated by AJ.

Results

Ampelopsis japonica enhanced the inhibitory effect of RT on NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Simultaneously, AJ further enhanced the inhibitory effect of RT on NSCLC proliferation and the promoting effect of RT on NSCLC apoptosis. Bioinformatic analysis showed that AJ regulated the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. We confirmed that AJ decreased the protein levels of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, the combination of AJ and RT suppressed activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Ampelopsis japonica augmented the inhibitory impact of RT on NSCLC cell proliferation and tumor growth by suppressing the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Todesursachenstatistik – wie Fehlinterpretationen von Mortalitätsdaten vermieden werden
Authors: Stolpe Susanne , Kowall Bernd
Published: December 2024

Nationale Mortalitätsregister sind eine wichtige Datenquelle für das Monitoring der Bevölkerungsgesundheit. Aus Analysen insbesondere der kardiovaskulären Mortalität und speziell der Mortalität an koronarer Herzkrankheit werden Rückschlüsse auf die Qualität der Gesundheitsversorgung und Prävention gezogen. Um krankheitsspezifische Mortalitätsunterschiede zwischen Ländern und Veränderungen über die Zeit interpretieren zu können, ist es jedoch notwendig, die Grundlagen der unikausalen Todesursachenstatistik und die damit verbundenen Einschränkungen bei vergleichenden Aussagen zu kennen.

Schlussfolgerungen aus krankheitsspezifischen Mortalitätsdaten können wegen der sehr subjektiven Auswahl von Erkrankungen, die nach einer Leichenschau im Totenschein erfasst werden, problematisch sein. Unkenntnis der Leichenschauenden darüber, welche verschiedenen „Rollen“ einzelne, zum Zeitpunkt des Todes bekannte Erkrankungen innerhalb der zum Tode führenden Kausalkette einnehmen, kann zu unzureichend ausgefüllten Totenscheinen als Datengrundlage der Mortalitätsstatistik führen. Vergleiche krankheitsspezifischer Mortalitätsraten werden so durch verschiedene Anteile nichtinformativer, u. a. auch unbekannter Todesursachen und landesspezifische Präferenzen bei der Eintragung von Erkrankungen im Totenschein erschwert – insbesondere bei Multimorbidität. Die Morbidität einer Bevölkerung wird daher durch Mortalitätsraten nur eingeschränkt widergespiegelt. Begriffliche Unklarheiten in Bezug auf die Konzepte Letalität und Mortalität bei der Beschreibung von Mortalitätsraten können ebenfalls zu fehlerhaften Schlussfolgerungen führen.

Schulungen des ärztlichen Personals zum Ausfüllen eines Totenscheins und die geplante elektronische Todesbescheinigung könnten die Datengrundlage verbessern. Unabhängig davon verbessert die Kenntnis möglicher Fallstricke bei der Nutzung von Mortalitätsdaten die Qualität der Gesundheitsberichterstattung.
3-D-Druck in der Chirurgie: Relevanz der Bewertung der Technologiereife in Forschungsstudien zum Bioprinting
Authors: Laubach Markus , Hartmann Hanna , Holzapfel Boris M. , Mayer-Wagner Susanne , Schenke-Layland Katja , Hutmacher Dietmar W.
Published: December 2024

Biologische 3‑D-Druckverfahren (sog. Bioprinting) sind eine Erweiterung dessen, was in den American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)- und International Organization for Standardization(ISO)-Normen als additive Fertigung definiert ist, und basieren auf dem automatisierten Druck von lebenden Zellen und Biomaterialien. Forschende und Expertinnen und Experten im Bereich der Biomaterialwissenschaften, der Gewebezüchtung und regenerativen Medizin („tissue engineering and regenerative medicine“, TE&RM) verweisen stets auf das Potenzial biologischer 3‑D-Druckverfahren und in Fachartikeln wird regelmäßig dessen baldige klinische Anwendung angekündigt. Wir argumentieren in dieser Arbeit, dass diese Ankündigungen regelhaft verfrüht und kontraproduktiv sind, da sie sich stark auf den technologischen Fortschritt konzentrieren, jedoch in der Regel die kritischen Phasen ignorieren, die durchlaufen werden müssen, um erfolgreich die Translation einer Technologie auf den Gesundheitsmarkt zu erzielen. Die Technologiereifegradskala („technology readiness level“, TRL) ist ein potenziell nützliches Instrument zur Messung der relativen Reife einer Technologie in Bezug auf die Überwindung einer Reihe kritischer Meilensteine. Wir schlagen eine Adaptierung der TRL-Skala vor und nutzen diese, um den aktuellen Stand der Forschung zu biologischen 3‑D-Druckverfahren zu diskutieren. Abschließend geben wir konkrete Empfehlungen zur Optimierung zukünftiger Forschungsprojekte, um den Weg für klinische Anwendungen des biologischen 3‑D-Drucks zu ebnen und damit einen direkten positiven Einfluss auf die chirurgische Patientenversorgung zu erzielen.
On Building Fine-Grained One-Way Functions from Strong Average-Case Hardness
Authors: Brzuska Chris , Couteau Geoffroy
Published: December 2024

Constructing one-way functions from average-case hardness is a long-standing open problem. A positive result would exclude Pessiland (Impagliazzo ’95) and establish a highly desirable win–win situation: either (symmetric) cryptography exists unconditionally, or all

$$\textsf{NP} $$

NP

problems can be solved efficiently on the average. Motivated by the lack of progress on this seemingly very hard question, we initiate the investigation of weaker yet meaningful candidate win–win results of the following type: either there are fine-grained one-way functions (FGOWF), or non-trivial speedups can be obtained for all

$$\textsf{NP} $$

NP

problems on the average. FGOWFs only require a fixed polynomial gap (as opposed to superpolynomial) between the running time of the function and the running time of an inverter. We obtain three main results: Construction. We show that if there is an

$$\textsf{NP} $$

NP

language having a very strong form of average-case hardness, which we call block finding hardness, then FGOWF exist. We provide heuristic support for this very strong average-case hardness notion by showing that it holds for a random language. Then, we study whether weaker (and more natural) forms of average-case hardness could already suffice to obtain FGOWF and obtain two negative results: Separation I. We provide a strong oracle separation for the implication (

$$\exists $$

∃

exponentially average-case hard

$$\textsf{NP} $$

NP

language

$$\implies $$

⇒

$$\exists $$

∃

FGOWF). Separation II. We provide a second strong negative result for an even weaker candidate win–win result. Namely, we rule out a relativizing proof for the implication (

$$\exists $$

∃

exponentially average-case

$$\textsf{NP} $$

NP

hard language whose hardness amplifies optimally through parallel repetitions

$$\implies $$

⇒

$$\exists $$

∃

FGOWF). This separation forms the core technical contribution of our work.
Common Grounds Forum – junge Menschen bekommen eine Stimme in der Digitalpolitik
Authors: Arlinghaus Clarissa Sabrina , Damm Birte , Heuer Kathleen , Elbracht Sébastien , Förster Florens , Sabrautzky Lea , Scharsich Julia
Published: December 2024

Im Oktober 2023 diskutierten 83 Teilnehmende im Alter von 16 bis 35 Jahren auf dem Common Grounds Forum (CGF) in Berlin digital-politische Ideen, die in die Bereiche „ökologische Nachhaltigkeit“, „soziale Nachhaltigkeit“ und „Bildung in der digitalen Welt“ unterteilt wurden. Gemeinsam wurden in allen drei Bereichen Positionen samt Forderungen erarbeitet, die von zehn gewählten Vertreter*innen auf dem Digital-Gipfel 2023 in Jena vertreten wurden. In diesem Beitrag wird das CGF vorgestellt. Dabei wird auf das Format, die Ziele, die Durchführung, die Themen und die Reaktionen eingegangen. Das CGF setzt als Vorbild in der Digitalpolitik einen wichtigen Impuls, junge Menschen in die Digitalpolitik mit einzubeziehen. Wir hoffen, dass das CGF zu weiteren Formaten anregt, in denen jungen Menschen eine Stimme in der Digitalpolitik gegeben wird. Ebenso wünschen wir uns, dass die CGF-Forderungen nicht nur unter jungen Menschen diskutiert werden, sondern auch in anderen Altersgruppen weitergetragen und weiterentwickelt werden.
Etiology and therapy of pharyngeal perforations
Authors: Magradze Givi , Knopf Andreas , Becker Christoph , Ketterer Manuel Christoph
Published: December 2024

Objective

The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of diagnostic procedures and treatment interventions performed at our medical institution on the final outcomes and survival rates of patients with iatrogenic and traumatic pharyngeal perforation (PP).

Materials and methods

We reviewed the medical records of 36 patients with iatrogenic and trauma-induced PP who were treated at the Quaternary Medical Center of Otorhinolaryngology between 2010 and 2020. Comorbidities were classified according to the Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI) scoring system, and postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien and Dindo scoring system.

Results

Of the 36 patients, 15 (41.7%) were male and 21 (58.3%) were female. The median age was 73 years, and PP was typically diagnosed within one day. Notably, the perforation site was identified in the hypopharynx in 29 (80.5%) patients. The median ACCI score was 4, with the most frequent ACCI score observed being 5. During the treatment course, 17 patients (47.2%) experienced complications, with 9 of these patients experiencing grade IV complications according to the Clavien and Dindo classification.

Conclusion

Our study showed that patients with hypopharyngeal perforations have an almost 42-fold higher risk of mortality during hospitalization compared to those with epipharyngeal or oropharyngeal perforations, though results are limited by the small sample size and the variable dates. Additionally, neurosurgery of the cervical spine, transesophageal echocardiography, and diverticular surgery emerged as procedures carrying the highest risk for pharyngeal perforations. Within our patient cohort, 4 patients (11.11%, all female) died during the treatment course.
Magmatic evolution and magma chamber conditions of the Alpehué tephra from Sollipulli Volcano, Andean Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile/Argentina
Authors: Freundt Armin , Strehlow Karen , Kutterolf Steffen , Schindlbeck-Belo Julie Christin
Published: December 2024

The trachydacitic Alpehué tephra from Sollipulli volcano (Andean Southern Volcanic Zone), consists of ignimbrite and fallout from a Plinian eruption about 3000 years ago. It is mainly composed of (1) crystal-rich pumice and ash but also contains (2) chilled knobbly basaltic lava clasts and (3) mostly highly inflated glomerocrystic fragments with high crystal-glass ratios interpreted to represent a crystal mush zoned from basaltic to dacitic bulk compositions. Knobbly lava clasts are of three types: (a) a very phenocryst-poor basalt, (b) a basalt with large, unzoned olivine and plagioclase phenocrysts and glomerocrysts, and (c) mixtures of microcrystalline basalt with various fragments, glomerocrysts and crystals derived from a crystal mush. Clast type (4) in the tephra is banded pumices in which the three magmatic components occur variably mingled. Thermobarometry and petrographic observations, particularly presence or absence of amphibole, constrain an upper-crustal succession of a lower basaltic reservoir, a zoned basaltic to dacitic crystal mush reservoir, and a separate trachydacite magma chamber on top. All Alpehué magmatic components form a coherent liquid line of descent which supports the interpretation that the crystal mush reservoir is a gradually solidifying magma chamber, not the result of large-scale crystal-liquid segregation. The trachydacite magma may originally have formed as melt escaping from the crystal-mush reservoir but subsequently underwent a long and complex evolution recorded in large strongly zoned plagioclase phenocrysts including resorption horizons. The ascending mafic magmas collected samples from the crystal mush body and intruded the trachydacite reservoir. The phenocryst-poor basalt (a) arrived first and entrained and partially resorbed plagioclase from the host magma. The phyric basalt (b) arrived later and did not resorb entrained plagioclase before eruption. Estimated cooling times, plagioclase resorption times and ascent rates avoiding amphibole breakdown limit the duration of these pre-eruptive processes to not more than a few days.
Estimation of population affinity using cranial measurements acquired in multidetector computed tomography images of Japanese and Malay individuals
Authors: Torimitsu Suguru , Nakazawa Akari , Flavel Ambika , Iwase Hirotaro , Makino Yohsuke , Hisham Salina , Franklin Daniel
Published: December 2024

It is imperative in a forensic investigation to determine the identity of an unidentified corpse, for which a crucial starting point is to establish population affinity as part of the biological profile supplied by the forensic anthropologist. The present study investigates the feasibility of using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images to quantify craniometric variation between Japanese and Malay populations relative to the estimation of population affinity in a forensic context. The Japanese and Malay samples comprise MDCT scans of 252 (122 female; 130 male) and 182 (84 female; 98 male) adult individuals, respectively. A total of 18 measurements were acquired, and two machine learning methods (random forest modeling, RFM; support vector machine, SVM) were applied to classify population affinity. The accuracy of the two-way pooled-sex model was 88.0% for RFM and 94.5% for SVM, respectively. The four-way population and sex model produced an overall classification accuracy of 81.3% for RFM and 91.7% for SVM. The sex-specific models of population affinity showed correct rates of classification of more than 90% in both females (90.8% for RFM and 97.6% for SVM) and males (91.2% for RFM and 97.4% for SVM). Our findings clearly indicate that the cranial measurements acquired in MDCT images can be used for the forensic classification of Japanese and Malay individuals and thus serve as a reference for forensic anthropologists attempting to identify unidentified remains.
Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown period on hospital admissions for paediatric accidents: a French nationwide study
Authors: Recher Morgan , Fall Soxna F. K. , Lockhart-Bouron Marguerite , Lacan Laure , Theis Didier , Leteurtre Stéphane , Bruandet Amélie
Published: December 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown posed a number of unprecedented problems. Accidents to children are a major public health concern. This study sought to determine the impact of France’s 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on hospital admissions for paediatric accidents. This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of data from the French national inpatient database. Children admitted to a French hospital for an accident from January to July 2020 and 2019 were included. The number of admissions for accidents between January and July in 2020 (the study period) vs. the same period (the control period) in 2019 was recorded. Hospital admission rate ratios (HRRs) comparing 2020 with 2019 were calculated for three periods in 2020 and 2019: before lockdown (P1, January 1 to March 15), during lockdown (P2, March 16 to May 10), and after lockdown (P3, May 11 to July 31). A total of 72,089 children were admitted to hospital for accidents between January and July 2020 (mean (SD) age, 8.7 (5.8)), and 84,961 between January and July 2019 (mean (SD) age, 9.2 (5.7)). A total of 12,864 children (18%) were admitted during the lockdown period (P2) in 2020, and 23,098 (27%) during the equivalent period in 2019 (HRR, 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55–0.57; p < .001). There were significantly fewer admissions for accidents in 2020 than in 2019; the HRR was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p = .003) for P1 and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93–0.96; p < .001) for P3. During the 2020 lockdown period (P2), the risk of accident-related paediatric admissions with critical care lasting for at least 1 day was lower than in 2019 (HRR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.62–0.73; p < .001).

Conclusions: Further research could usefully examine how parents create a safe home environment for their children.

What is Known:• During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown posed a number of unprecedented problems. Accidents to children are a major public health concern. This study sought to determine the impact of France’s 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on hospital admissions for paediatric accidents.

What is New:• The first nationwide COVID-19 lockdown in France was associated with a decrease in the absolute number of hospital admissions for paediatric accidents, for all age groups, as well as the number of accident-related paediatric hospital stays involving critical care.
Response to induction chemotherapy as a prognostic indicator in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huwyler Francesca , Giger Roland , Bill Ruben , Rauch Daniel , Haefliger Simon
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Induction chemotherapy (IC) for patients with locally advanced stage Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC) before radio-chemotherapy (RCT) or surgery remains a potential treatment option. This study analyzed how the response to IC correlates with survival outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective single-center study at a tertiary cancer center. Tumors were categorized by anatomical site and response to IC (non-responders vs. responders). Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis.

Results

A total of 48 patients received IC. Of these, 33 patients were radiologically evaluable for response. The majority of evaluable patients received either TPF (Docetaxel, Cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil) (58%) or TP (Docetaxel, Cisplatin) (24%) as their IC regimen. Tumor reduction of 30% or more was observed in 23 patients (69.7%), the tumor control rate was 97%. The 2-year event-free survival (EFS) in the IC evaluable population was 53.1%, overall survival (OS) was 63.6%, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 62.5%. Patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal tumors that did not respond to IC had a significantly poorer prognosis. This effect was not statistically significant in tumors of the oral cavity or oropharynx, where it was only observed as a trend.

Conclusion

IC is highly effective in treating locally advanced stage HNSCC. The response to IC is prognostic for survival, particularly in cancers of the larynx and hypopharynx.
Quantification of hemi-hepatic ischemia using real-time multispectral oxygenation imaging with single snapshot imaging of optical properties (SSOP)
Authors: Mishima Kohei , Goglia Marta , Baratelli Luca , Pardo Arturo , Carlino Giorgio , Oliva Riccardo , Famularo Simone , Hernandez-Lara Ariosto , Reitano Elisa , Riva Pietro , Lapergola Alfonso , Marescaux Jacques , De Mathelin Michel , Felli Eric , Gioux Sylvain , Diana Michele
Published: December 2024

Background

Identifying liver ischemia is crucial in liver surgery. This study aimed to develop a hemi-hepatic ischemia model for assessing liver ischemia using single snapshot imaging of optical properties (SSOP), a noninvasive optical imaging modality that provides real-time measurements of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2).

Materials and methods

Twelve swine were randomly assigned to two groups: One undergoing total vascular inflow occlusion (TVIO) and the other undergoing hepatic artery occlusion (HAO). Preoperative 3D CT scans were used to locate the left-sided hepatic arteries and portal veins, which were clamped during surgery. Real-time SSOP imaging was conducted to measure StO2 in three lobes—the left lateral lobe (LL), left medial lobe (LM), and right medial lobe (RM)—as well as capillary lactate levels and Doppler blood flow. Measurements were recorded at baseline (T0), during ischemia (T1, 30 min after clamping), and during reperfusion (T2, 30 min after declamping).

Results

In the TVIO group, SSOP imaging revealed a distinct demarcation line on the liver surface. StO2 levels measured by SSOP significantly decreased from T0 to T1, dropping by 29.8% in the LL (46.0 ± 5.1 vs. 16.2 ± 5.1%, p = 0.011) and 36.3% in the LM (42.7 ± 5.9 vs. 6.4 ± 4.0%, p = 0.001). Additionally, capillary lactate levels increased substantially in the LL (1.3 ± 0.4 vs. 8.5 ± 2.4 mmol/L, p = 0.041) and in the LM (1.3 ± 0.4 vs. 8.2 ± 2.1 mmol/L, p = 0.021). In contrast, the HAO group showed a less pronounced reduction in StO2: 13.6% in the LL (32.7 ± 6.4 vs. 19.1 ± 5.4%, p = 0.007) and 19.8% in the LM (35.3 ± 8.2 vs. 15.5 ± 5.8%, p = 0.011), with no significant increase in capillary lactate levels. An inverse correlation was found between StO2 and capillary lactate levels (r = − 0.76, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

SSOP is a real-time, contrast-free imaging technique that effectively evaluates liver ischemia by accurately measuring tissue oxygenation, as validated by perfusion biomarkers.
Challenges and Safety Considerations in the Transportation of Dangerous Goods through Tunnels
Authors: Patsekha Aliaksei
Published: December 2024

This article explores the transportation of dangerous goods (DG) through tunnels, emphasising the associated challenges and safety considerations within this crucial infrastructure. It provides a detailed analysis of statistical data on DG transportation, specifically focusing on industrial hazardous substances in liquid or gaseous forms that can cause severe damage in underground environments, even in the absence of fire or explosion. By reviewing past incidents involving dangerous agents and critically evaluating current research, the article identifies significant gaps in safety protocols and emergency response strategies. It highlights the urgent need for comprehensive research to enhance safety standards and improve resilience in tunnel environments.
Consensus statement on chronic pain treatment in cancer survivors
Authors: Mamiya Keiko , Iida Hiroki , Iseki Masako , Yamaguch Shigeki , Yonekura Hiroshi , Ueno Hiroshi , Kosugi Toshifumi , Sasara Takeshi , Takao Yumiko , Takasusuki Toshifumi , Hashiguchi Saori , Hirakawa Naomi , Sugiyama Yoko , Yamada Keiko , Yamamoto Kenji
Published: December 2024

In September 2023, the Japan Society of Pain Clinicians (JSPC) issued this consensus statement on chronic pain treatment in cancer survivors. With recent advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, its prognosis has improved, so prolonged pain in cancer survivors is considered to represent chronic pain and should be addressed. In this statement, we emphasize that not all cancer survivor pain is cancer pain. Pain that is not cancer pain should be managed with analgesics other than opioids and nerve blocks, and pain that persists despite this approach should be treated as non-cancer chronic pain so as to prevent opioid overuse. In addition, cancer survivors at any stage of disease have a potentially life-threatening condition and constantly carry the fear of cancer recurrence. Therefore, even non-cancer pain should not be treated in the same way as general chronic pain, but should be managed with consideration of emotional distress. In the future, we plan to create educational tools for healthcare professionals and to conduct online seminars, both with the goal of providing cancer survivors with appropriate assessment and treatment of chronic pain.
Intercalation of the anticancer drug lenalidomide into montmorillonite for bioavailability improvement: a computational study
Authors: Meruvia-Rojas Yumeida V. , Molina-Montes Esther , Hernández-Laguna Alfonso , Sainz-Díaz C. Ignacio
Published: December 2024

Context

Lenalidomide (LEN) is used for the treatment of myeloma blood cancer disease. It has become one of the most efficient drugs to halt this disease. LEN is a low-soluble drug in aqueous media. The search of a pharmaceutical preparation to improve the bioavailability and, therefore, to optimize its efficiency is an important issue for pharmaceutical industries and health care. The use of natural excipients such as montmorillonite (MNT) can provide changes in the physical–chemical properties for improving the bioavailability of this drug. We present the first computational study at the atomic scale of the periodic crystal forms of the polymorphs for this anticancer drug, highly demanded in the pharmacy market. In addition, we propose a pharmaceutical preparation by intercalation of LEN in natural MNT. So, our calculations predict that LEN can be intercalated in the interlayer space of MNT, and be released in aqueous media, and physiological aqueous media in consequence. This release process is a more exothermic reaction than the unpacking energy of any of its polymorphs. Besides, the infrared spectra of the LEN molecule and its crystal polymorphs, and LEN intercalated in the confined space of MNT, have been calculated at different levels of theory. The band frequencies have been assigned, matching with the experimental bands, predicting the use of this technique for experimental studies.

Method

In this work, the method is aimed to explore this research at the atomic and molecular level by using computational modelling methods including INTERFACE FF and other FF along with quantum mechanical calculations (Dmol3 and CASTEP) of 3-D periodical systems applying periodical boundary conditions. Models of the isolated molecule and two polymorphs of the crystal structures, with the model of bulk water and LEN intercalated in the MNT model, have been considered. An analysis of the intermolecular interactions is accomplished.
Methane upgrading on pelletised Maxsorb activated carbon by gas-phase simulated moving bed
Authors: Dias Rafael O. M. , Regufe Maria J. , Pereira Ana A. , Ferreira Alexandre F. P. , Rodrigues Alírio E. , Ribeiro Ana M.
Published: December 2024

To study the separation of methane and nitrogen mixtures by gas-phase simulated moving bed (SMB), Maxsorb activated carbon was pelletised by extrusion with 10% binder. Both argon and carbon dioxide were used as potential desorbent gases. The effectiveness of the adsorbent was assessed by analysing the adsorption equilibrium data and conducting fixed-bed experiments to determine the single and multicomponent dynamic adsorption behaviour. Pure component N2, CH4, Ar, and CO2 isotherms were measured at three different temperatures, up to 2.5 bar, using a volumetric method. The results show that CO2 exhibits the highest affinity to the solid phase, followed by CH4, N2, and Ar. Single, binary, and ternary fixed-bed experiments were performed, allowing the validation of the proposed mathematical model. Two SMB cycles were designed to separate a CH4/N2 mixture using each desorbent gas. The respective separation regions were drawn. Both processes achieved a high purity level for the methane stream (above 99%) and exhibited high recovery (above 97%). The obtained results were crossed with the previously studied BPL material, and the Maxsorb adsorbent showed better performance overall.