bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The proportion of Episiotomy and Associated Factors among Mothers Who Gave Birth at Public Institutions, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abate Enyew , Alemu Andargew , Hailu Getachew , Derbie Awoke
Published: March 2023

Background Episiotomy is the surgical enlargement of the posterior aspect of the vagina by an incision made on the perineum during the last phase of the second stage of labor. The rate of episiotomy is on the decline in developed countries but remains high in less industrialized countries. Studies are limited to showing the extent of the problem and the reasons behind episiotomy practice. The objective of this study was to assess the proportion of episiotomy practice and its associated factors among mothers who gave birth at public health institutions in Debark town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 mothers who gave birth from 1 April 2021 to 30 June 2021 in Debark town. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1, coded, cleaned, and then exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Variables with p-value < 0.25 during the bivariable analysis were considered for multivariable logistic regression analysis. Stepwise backward elimination was done to select variables associated with episiotomy and Hosmer and Lemeshow test was used to check model fitness. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value < 0.05 was used to decide the association of independent variables with the outcome variable. Results The proportion of episiotomy among the study participants was 42.9% (95% CI; 38–48%). Face presentation (AOR = 4.15; 95% CI (1.22,14.1) P = 0.02), Previous episiotomy (AOR = 3.73; 95% CI (1.95,7.15); P < 0.001), Short birth spacing interval (AOR = 1.66;95% CI (1.01,2.73); P = 0.04), perineal laceration (AOR = 2.18; 95% CI (1.16,4.08); P = 0.014) and induced labor (AOR = 2.12; 95% CI (1.08, 4.14); P = 0.028) were significantly associated with episiotomy. Conclusions The prevalence of episiotomy in the study area is high. It is significantly associated with face presentation, short birth spacing interval, induced labor, perineal tear, and previous episiotomy. In the presence of the aforementioned factors, judicious use of episiotomy is warranted.
Performance comparison of wood furniture joints fastened with Domino tenons and connectors
Authors: BAŞ Seda , CSIHA Csilla , DÉNES Levente
Published: March 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Evaluation of the health-related quality of life and associated factors in Zimbabwean adults living with HIV: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tigirigi Tendai Orial , Sithole Grace Yolanda , Chakara Princess , Chirombo Gracious Zvikomborero , Chiweza Annamore Rutendo , Mubayiwa Trish Rutendo , Muchemwa Sidney , Chibanda Dixon , Dambi Jermaine M.
Published: March 2023

Objective: HIV remains a global burden, with the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region reporting the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). An exponential improvement in the accessibility and uptake of antiretroviral treatment across SSA has significantly improved outcomes for PLHIV. Hence, HIV care goals have shifted from reducing mortality and morbidity to improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study uses generic and condition-specific HRQoL outcomes to holistically determine the HRQoL of Zimbabwean adult PLHIV and associated factors. HRQoL is a dynamic subject construct that warrants continuous evaluation to provide meaningful feedback to various stakeholders. We enrolled 536 adults PLHIV in Zimbabwe. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and multivariate binary logistic regression.
Results: Our study shows a high HRQoL perception by Zimbabwean PLHIV. Anxiety, depression, and poor environmental health were widely reported domains influencing HRQoL. Also, being aware of HIV status for over a year, not experiencing an adverse event, being married, having adequate finances and food security and having higher educational status were associated with higher HRQoL. It is essential to integrate mental health care into routine HIV care to improve treatment outcomes and HRQoL. Last, implementing bespoke multisectoral HRQoL-enhancement interventions is paramount.
PRAKTIK DOMINASI TOKOH ANTAGONIS MELALUI KEKERASAN SIMBOLIK DALAM FILM BETTER DAYS《少年的你》
Authors: Masrur Muhammad Farhan
Published: March 2023

When language is used in communication events, there also as an ideological distiction and a desire to dominate each other among its users. Because language is never separated from ideological motives, including domination motives. Domination occurs due to the existence of a strong group as the dominating party and a weak group as the dominated party with language as an instrument to achieve it. Symbolic violence marked by language forms that represent language crimes is a realization of the practice of domination. Through symbolic violence, the dominant party imposes its ideological influence on the dominant group. The practice of domination through symbolic violence can be found in the dialogue text of the antagonist in the film Better Days《少年的你》by Derek Tsang which is used as a data source. The patterned language forms used by the antagonist to attack the main character are used as data. After the data is identified and classified, it is analyzed through a qualitative approach using the concept of Bourdieu's theory of symbolic violence. The results of the analysis are presented through a descriptive method to obtain a detailed and concrete picture of the practice of domination of antagonist characters through symbolic violence. The results of the analysis show that symbolic violence, which represents the practice of domination, is realized through forms of language that have functioned as the language of punishment, the language of intimidation, the language of prohibition, the language of accusation, the language of insults, and language of command. Cultural capital (attitudes and lifestyles) is the most dominant capital that represents the attitudes and behavior of antagonists to produce and reproduce texts to legitimize their domination. Based on the frequency of occurrence, forbidden language is the most productive form of language, and accusation language is the language form with the least frequency of occurrence.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MENULIS ILMIAH BERBASIS KETERAMPILAN 4C DI PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INDONESIA UNIVERSITAS BILLFATH,
Authors: Aisah Siti , Sukiman Sukiman
Published: March 2023

Teaching materials are the most basic thing to help the implementation of learning objectives. Likewise with the Scientific Writing Techniques Course in the Indonesian Language Education Study Program, FKIP, Billfath University there are no special teaching materials provided by lecturers, this is the reason for this research. The aims of this study include how to develop 4C skills-based Scientific Writing teaching materials, and to determine the feasibility of using 4C skills-based Scientific Writing teaching materials. The development model used is ADDIE development. The stages are (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) planning, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. Data collection was carried out using a validation sheet. Data analysis techniques use qualitative analysis by describing. The results of the study stated that Scientific Writing teaching materials were suitable for use based on the results of the validation which contained aspects of: (1) the feasibility of the content of the material, (2) the feasibility of presentation, (3) the feasibility of language, and (4) the feasibility of graphics.
STUDENTS' RESPONSES IN ONLINE PEER FEEDBACK IN EFL WRITING INSTRUCTION
Authors: Rahayu Nanik Sri
Published: March 2023

As a supplementary of teacher’s feedback, peer feedback activity is believed can help the students improve their writing achievement. During and after the pandemic, teachers often applied online teaching for certain reasons, including in practicing peer feedback which can be done via different application. This study aims at investigating the types of comments appeared when the students conduct peer feedback in quip application. The study involved a class in which the teacher applied peer feedback via quip. This research is a descriptive quantitative in which the data was collected through documentation. The students’ responses were analyzed using types of comments proposed by Jun Liu and Hansen.  The result of the study showed that the students made a lot of comments during online peer feedback activity. This study demonstrates that students are very active in giving comments during online peer feedback; however, it also underlines that the students still produced many local and non-revision comments.
Characterizing a new type of nelsonite recognized in the Damiao anorthosite complex, North China Craton, with implications for the genesis of giant magmatic Fe-Ti oxide deposits
Authors: Li Li-Xing , Zi Jian-Wei , Li Hou-Min , Meng Jie
Published: March 2023

Nelsonite (Fe-Ti oxide-apatite rock) devoid of silicates offers a rare opportunity to investigate the magma processes for the formation of magmatic Fe-Ti oxide deposits. Both fractional crystallization and silicate liquid immiscibility have been put forward, but the lack of robust evidence has hindered unambiguously distinguishing the role of these two processes in Fe-Ti mineralization. The nelsonite and associated Fe-Ti-P-rich rocks hosted in the Proterozoic Damiao anorthosite complex represent a typical example for studying Fe-Ti ore-forming processes. We recognized a new type of nelsonite (type-I) in the Damiao complex, which is distinct from the two known types of nelsonite (type-II and type-III) from the same complex. The type-I nelsonite is characterized by its coexistence with oxide-apatite gabbronorite and granite in the same dike, and all these rocks have identical emplacement ages (1740 ± 7 Ma), subparallel REE patterns, and major-element compositions lacking intermediate compositions, suggesting derivation from conjugate Fe- and Si-rich melts generated by silicate liquid immiscibility. The large type-II nelsonite bodies form irregular dikes along fractures in anorthosite and constitute the major ore type. The type-III nelsonite occurs as conformable layers or pods within oxide-apatite gabbronorite and pyroxenite, and occupies the end part of the type-II dike. The latter two types of nelsonites formed by extensive fractional crystallization of residual magma with crystal accumulation and subsequent hydrothermal replacement. During residual magma evolution, silicate liquid immiscibility was crucial for Fe-Ti-P enrichment, fractional crystallization was responsible for enhancing oxide-apatite concentrations, and hydrothermal replacement was effective for mobilizing oxide-apatite concentrations. Our newly recognized nelsonite provides an unambiguous, outcrop-scale, field evidence for the operation of silicate liquid immiscibility process. We show that giant magmatic Fe-Ti oxide orebodies can form by a combination of processes involving silicate liquid immiscibility, fractional crystallization and hydrothermal mobilization.
A pre-training model based on CFD for open-channel velocity field prediction with small sample data
Authors: Lin Ruixiang , Zhou Xinzhi , Li Bo , He Xin
Published: March 2023

Accurately obtaining the distribution of the open-channel velocity field in hydraulic engineering is extremely important, which is helpful for better calculation of open-channel flow and analysis of open-channel water flow characteristics. In recent years, machine learning has been used for open-channel velocity field prediction. However, effective training of data-driven models in machine learning heavily depends on the diversity and quantity of data. In this paper, a CFD-based pre-training neural network model (CFD–PNN) is proposed for accurate open-channel velocity field prediction, allowing the adaption to the task with small sample data. Also, a cross-sectional velocity field prediction method combining the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and machine learning is established. By comparing CFD–PNN with six other neural network algorithm models and the CFD model, the results show that, in the case of small sample data, the CFD–PNN model can predict a more reasonable open-channel velocity field with higher prediction accuracy than other models. The average error of the velocity calculation for the trapezoidal open-channel cross-section is about 3.62%. Compared with other models, the accuracy is improved by 0.3–2.8%.
Instantaneous physical rainfall–runoff prediction technique using a power–law relationship between time to peak and peak flow of an instantaneous unit hydrograph and the rainfall excess intensity
Authors: Jeong Minyeob , Kim Dae-Hong
Published: March 2023

The traditional instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) is very useful for theoretical analysis and practical forecasting of floods owing to its linear assumptions. Although various revised methods to overcome the unphysical assumptions have been proposed, it is still difficult to obtain efficiently a nonlinear IUH of diverse rainfall excess intensities in a watershed. In this study, we proposed practical and physical interpolation techniques to derive new IUHs from at least two existing IUHs corresponding to diverse rainfall excess intensities in a watershed. To interpolate the new IUHs, mass conservation law and power–law relationships between rainfall excess intensities and the peak flow and time to peak of IUHs were used. By employing convolution integration, surface rainfall–runoff hydrographs for timely varying rainfall events were derived. For verification, we applied the proposed technique to three real watersheds with different sizes ranging from 0.036 to 1,047 km2. All flood prediction procedures were completed instantly, stably and the prediction results showed the accuracy of Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) = 0.55–0.93 and coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.72–0.94.
O desprezo pelo Estado nas perspectivas sobre o Cemitério da Soledade em Belém-PA:
Authors: Rodrigues Elisa Gonçalves , Silva Leonardo de Souza , Santos Diogo de Siqueira Bendelak dos
Published: March 2023

Este artigo investiga as emoções implicadas antes do projeto de requalificação do Cemitério da Soledade, localizado em Belém do Pará, como espaço turístico e cultural, conforme anunciado em 2021 pela Prefeitura da capital. Pensando esse espaço cemiterial, objetivamos evidenciar a micropolítica que se destaca nas relações emocionais com o local funéreo. Para isso, foram analisados quanti-qualitativamente os comentários feitos sobre o Cemitério em um dispositivo virtual que permite o compartilhamento de impressões turísticas, a plataforma TripAdvisor, considerando 24 comentários datados entre 27 de julho de 2017 e 12 de julho de 2019. A análise dos comentários foi feita a partir da Antropologia das Emoções, com ênfase em sua dimensão emocional. Constatou-se a preponderância do sentimento de desprezo nos comentários analisados, e interpretou-se sua ocorrência como demarcação de um status hierárquico e da produção de uma inversão na relação vertical entre cidadão e Estado. Diante das investigações, concluiu-se haver uma demanda pública pela ressignificação do Cemitério da Soledade enquanto patrimônio cultural e material da cidade.
Fruições emergentes entre Corpo(s), Sujeito(s) e Saúde
Authors: Tomaz dos Santos Yuri
Published: March 2023

A resenha em tela visa apresentar novas triangulações acerca do debate sobre Corpo(s), Sujeito(s) e Saúde em uma perspectiva multidisciplinar. A obra resenhada é rica em termos de experiências e vivências trianguladas por vários profissionais, de campos de saberes diversos. A partir da resenha, espera-se aludir ao/à leitor/a que novos empreendimentos têm sido emergentes no campo da Ciências Sociais e Humanas, a partir de um debate cruzado que visualize o corpo-sujeito (ou sujeito-corpo) nos interesses relacionais e interacionais com a saúde.
Acute Thrombocytopenia after Administration of Heparin and Tirofiban: Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Konstantinou Thrasivoulos , Sdogkos Evangelos , Vogiatzis Ioannis
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DIT) is a condition characterized by low platelet count after administration of a variety of drugs. It is most commonly seen in patients treated with heparin. Its diagnosis is complicated when more than one DIT-causing drug is co-administered. Patients with thrombocytopenia may present with minor or major hemorrhages, depending on the severity of the recess of the platelets.

Case Description:

We herein report an uncommon presentation of acute IIb/IIIa glycoprotein inhibitor-induced thrombocytopenia in a 50-year-old male who suffered from myocardial infarction. Serial complete blood counts revealed low platelet counts, rising after discontinuation of the administered IIb/IIIa inhibitor. Recovery was prompt, complete, and sustained with minimal costs.

Conclusion:

This report highlights the importance of prompt recognition of severe thrombocytopenia caused by IIb/IIIa inhibitors, particularly tirofiban, by measuring platelet count before and after the initiation of tirofiban, as it can be resolved by the interruption of its infusion and early supportive treatment.
circ_0006089 Facilitates Gastric Cancer Progression via Decoying miR-
515-5p and Up-regulating CXCL6
Authors: Guo Qiuxia , Ding Xiangwu , Lv Fei , Wang Aixiang , Wang Jing
Published: March 2023

Background:

Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common cancer globally. Recent research has
suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in GC tumorigenesis and progression. The
present study is performed to clarify the possible mechanism of circRNA has_circ_0006089
(circ_0006089) in GC.

Methods:

The differentially expressed circRNAs were screened out by analyzing the dataset GSE83-
521. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect
circ_0006089, miR-515-5p and CXCL6 expression levels in GC tissues and cell lines. CCK-8, BrdU
and Transwell assays were adopted to examine the biological function of circ_0006089 in GC cells.
The interaction between miR-515-5p and circ_0006089, as well as between CXCL6 and miR-515-5p,
was confirmed through bioinformatics, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, dual-luciferase reporter
gene assay and RNA pull-down assay.

Results:

Circ_0006089 was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and cells, and miR-515-5p was
remarkably downregulated. After knocking down circ_0006089 or overexpressing miR-515-5p, the
growth, migration and invasion of GC cells were markedly reduced. In terms of mechanism, miR-515-
5p was verified to be the target of circ_0006089, and CXCL6 was validated as miR-515-5p’s
downstream target gene. Inhibiting miR-515-5p reversed the inhibitory effect knocking down
circ_0006089 had on GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion.

Conclusion:

Circ_0006089 facilitates the malignant biological behaviors of GC cells via the miR-515-
5p/CXCL6 axis. Circ_0006089 can probably act as one of the important biomarkers and therapeutic
targets in GC treatment strategies.
An Insight into MptpB Inhibitors as a Key Strategy to Treat MDR and XDRTuberculosis
Authors: Jain Madhur , Gollapudi Sirisha , Khatik Gopal L.
Published: March 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic, air-borne infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb), which prominently affects the lungs and usually manifests in other organs. TB is preventable and curable
but what makes it challenging is the emergence of resistance to the available treatment options. MDR-continued
TB's expansion is one of the world's most pressing and difficult problems. Mtb revives via the reciprocity between
Mycobacterium and host signalling pathways. Mtb secretes a virulence component called Mycobacterium
tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase (MptpB), which helps to survive against host macrophages. It indicates
that targeting secreted virulence factors offers more benefits to circumvent the emergence of resistance.
Many effective inhibitors of MptpA and MptpB have been discovered, providing a solid foundation for future
research and development. Aside from possessing a structurally unique binding site in the Mtb enzyme,
MptpB's minimal resemblance to other human phosphatases provides a broad platform for improving selectivity
over host PTPs. We believe that addressing several parts of infection processes in the host and bacteria with
combination therapy is the greatest way to reduce treatment burden and medication resistance. We have discussed
the recent potent, selective, and efficacious MptpB inhibitors, such as natural and marine-based, isoxazole-
linked carboxylic acid-based, oxamic acid-based, and lactone-based inhibitors, as potential strategies for
treating TB.
Albiflorin Alleviates Sepsis-induced Acute Liver Injury through
mTOR/p70S6K Pathway
Authors: Liu Yanan , Feng Lizhi , Yao Lan
Published: March 2023

Background:

Sepsis often induces hepatic dysfunction and inflammation,
accounting for a significant increase in the incidence and mortality rates. To this end,
albiflorin (AF) has garnered enormous interest due to its potent anti-inflammatory activity.
However, the substantial effect of AF on sepsis-mediated acute liver injury (ALI),
along with its potential mechanism of action, remains to be explored.

Methods:

An LPS-mediated primary hepatocyte injury cell model in vitro and a mouse
model of CLP-mediated sepsis in vivo were initially built to explore the effect of AF on
sepsis. Furthermore, the hepatocyte proliferation by CCK-8 assay in vitro and animal
survival analyses in vivo for the survival time of mice were carried out to determine an
appropriate concentration of AF. Then, flow cytometry, Western blot (WB), and TUNEL
staining analyses were performed to investigate the effect of AF on the apoptosis of
hepatocytes. Moreover, the expressions of various inflammatory factors by ELISA and
RT-qPCR analyses and oxidative stress by ROS, MDA, and SOD assays were determined.
Finally, the potential mechanism of AF alleviating the sepsis-mediated ALI via
the mTOR/p70S6K pathway was explored through WB analysis.

Results:

AF treatment showed a significant increase in the viability of LPS-inhibited
mouse primary hepatocytes cells. Moreover, the animal survival analyses of the CLP
model mice group indicated a shorter survival time than the CLP+AF group. AF-treated
groups showed significantly decreased hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammatory factors,
and oxidative stress. Finally, AF exerted an effect by suppressing the mTOR/p70S6K
pathway.

Conclusion:

In summary, these findings demonstrated that AF could effectively alleviate
sepsis-mediated ALI via the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway.
Research Progress on the Mechanism of Intestinal Barrier Damage and
Drug Therapy in a High Altitude Environment
Authors: Cheng Junfei , Sun Yuemei , Zhao Yilan , Guo Qianwen , Wang ZiHan , Wang Rong
Published: March 2023

The plateau is a typical extreme environment with low temperature, low oxygen and high
ultraviolet rays. The integrity of the intestinal barrier is the basis for the functioning of the intestine,
which plays an important role in absorbing nutrients, maintaining the balance of intestinal flora, and
blocking the invasion of toxins. Currently, there is increasing evidence that high altitude environment
can enhance intestinal permeability and disrupt intestinal barrier integrity. This article mainly focuses
on the regulation of the expression of HIF and tight junction proteins in the high altitude environment,
which promotes the release of pro-inflammatory factors, especially the imbalance of intestinal flora
caused by the high altitude environment. The mechanism of intestinal barrier damage and the drugs to
protect the intestinal barrier are reviewed. Studying the mechanism of intestinal barrier damage in high
altitude environment is not only conducive to understanding the mechanism of high altitude environment
affecting intestinal barrier function, but also provides a more scientific medicine treatment method
for intestinal damage caused by the special high altitude environment.
Ionic Liquid: A Review on Multicomponent Synthesis of Dihydropyrano
[3,2-c] Chromenes
Authors: Tekale Kalpana M. , Katkar Santosh S. , Wahul Diksha B.
Published: March 2023

The development of efficient and eco-friendly synthetic processes or techniques for the
synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is increasing enormously. Here, an environmentally friendly ionic
liquid is used as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of biologically important dihydropyrano [3,2-
c] chromenes. This is because ionic liquids play an important role in green chemistry due to their distinctive
properties, easy handling, non-toxicity, increased reaction selectivity, and low solubility. This
review focuses on dihydropyrano [3,2-c] chromenes synthesis due to their great importance as natural
products, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive molecules. The review summarizes the application of ionic
liquids as an effective catalyst for the multicomponent synthesis of dihydropyrano [3,2-c] chromene
derivatives by using aromatic aldehydes, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and malononitrile in a green chemical
manner.
Transition Metal-free α-C-H Functionalization of Tertiary Amines Catalysed/
Promoted by Acids: A Brief Review
Authors: Deb Mohit L. , Baruah Pranjal K.
Published: March 2023

C-H Functionalization of α-carbon of tertiary amines has been of great importance for the
past two decades as N-heterocycles can be synthesized by this approach and these heterocycles are
highly useful as drugs or drug precursors in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review article, we have
summarized only the α-C-H functionalization reactions of tertiary amines that are catalysed or promoted
by acids. These C-H functionalization reactions are usually catalysed by transition metal salts,
although metal-free catalysts are also used. However, several such reactions have been reported that
are efficiently catalysed by acids. They are cost-effective, have a simple purification process, less sensitive
to air/moisture, and are relatively environmentally benign. However, this area has not received
enough focus due to the lack of review articles, which encouraged us to write this review.
Postbiotic Bioactive Packaging Systems: A Review
Authors: Soleimani Roya Abedi , Shokouhian Seyed Mohamad Javad , Houshyar Jalil , Khani Nader , Abachi Soheila , Milani Payam Gonbari , Panahi Elnaz , Homayouni-Rad Aziz
Published: March 2023

A bioactive containing packaging system is not only a traditional protective structure
for a food product but also offers additional health-benefiting properties. Postbiotics (nonbiotics)
are metabolites produced by probiotic microorganisms that have numerous health benefits. The
safety and non-toxicity of postbiotics and their capability to prevent the growth of food spoilage
microbes are the significant features of postbiotics (cell-free supernatants) in using these components
in food manufacturing. In this comprehensive review, authors discuss the characteristics of
postbiotics, different types and sources of postbiotics, their application in active packaging and
the possibilities of their application in increasing the shelf-life of products with active packaging.
Bioactive Compounds of Mustard, its Role in Consumer Health and in the
Development of Potential Functional Foods
Authors: Poyil Theertha , Rasane Prasad , Singh Jyoti , Kaur Sawinder , Kaur Jaspreet , Gunjal Mahendra , Avinashe Harshal , Dubey Nidhi , Mahato Dipendra Singh
Published: March 2023

Mustard (Brassica spp.) is an annual oilseed crop that is widely cultivated in Asia and
Europe for both culinary and medicinal purposes. It is a rich source of valuable nutritive and
non-nutritive bioactive compounds which have gained importance for their pharmacological activities
in recent years owing to increased attention towards achieving sustainable development
goal of good health and wellbeing. The presence of traditional antinutrient factors like glucosinolates
sustainable source of affordable nutraceuticals. The major bioactive components in mustard
are glucosinolates (sinigrin and sinalbin) and its sulphur-rich degradation products (isothiocyanates),
phenolic compounds, phytic acid and various phytosterols. These compounds possess
specific activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antimicrobial, antiobesity
as well as anti-depressant activity. Nutraceutical products like food supplements can be
formulated by extracting these compounds which possess desirable properties and thus allow
maximum use of the plant.
WITHDRAWN: In Vitro and In Vivo Models Used for Drug Discovery and Drug Screening on Atherosclerotic Research: A Review
Authors: Sabarinathan S , L R Revathy , Rani R Janet
Published: March 2023

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php.

Bentham Science Disclaimer:

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously
submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere
must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting
the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the
authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Tinospora cordifolia in Neurodegeneration: A Strong Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Phytotherapeutic Drug Candidate
Authors: Sharma Anuradha , Kaur Gurcharan
Published: March 2023

Tinospora cordifolia is a Rasayana herb of Ayurveda, commonly known as
“Heavenly Elixir” or “Amrita”, and one of the most exploited herbs in herbal
medicines. T. cordifolia is well reported for its various pharmacological properties,
such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer,
cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. The prevalence of
neurodegenerative diseases and other neurologic disorders is increasing worldwide.
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are among the major pathologic mechanisms
underlying neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter discusses the pieces of scientific
evidence of the beneficial effects of T. cordifolia in various brain-related ailments.
Various research groups have demonstrated the ability of T. cordifolia and its extracts
to normalize oxidative stress and suppress the inflammatory response against various
causative agents, and thus suggested that T. cordifolia has the potential to be a
neurotherapeutic drug candidate in the future.
Role of Curcumin in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders
Authors: Joshi Bhuwan Chandra , Dobhal Yogita
Published: March 2023

The global burden of neurological diseases is increasing at a much faster rate
causing a social and economic impact on the people. Neurological diseases, including
Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and
many more, are the current hot topics. The current treatment strategy in combating
neurological diseases only focuses on symptomatic relief and thus causes severe side
effects. Therefore, the therapeutic approach to combating neurological diseases has
shifted towards herbal plants. One such plant of great importance is Curcuma longa L.
and its associated active constituent curcumin. In this book chapter, we have focused
on the important role of curcumin in neurological diseases, in which we have
summarized data from 10 years (2010-2020) to get a comprehensive idea for further
research in this field. We have also described the role of curcumin in the treatment of
neurological diseases, including its cellular and common molecular mechanisms.
Pharmacology of Rosmarinic Acid against Psychological Disorders
Authors: Verma Himanshu , Shivavedi Naveen , Kumar Mukesh , Nayak Prasanta Kumar
Published: March 2023

Anxiety and depression are the major psychological disorders globally,
increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality and considerably leading to a
socioeconomic burden by 2030. Both disorders impact day-to-day life via several
symptoms (fear, insomnia, anorexia, irritability, loss of concentration, and inability to
think). The available treatment strategy for psychological disorders has shown major
adverse effects, which limits its use and paves the way for the development of the
herbal drug-based novel drug. Natural compounds are offered as the most contented
option because they possess very least side effects, are easily available, and are of low
cost with high therapeutic activity. In the present chapter, we focus on the
pharmacology of a plant polyphenol, Rosmarinic acid (RA), against psychological
disorders. Specific plant constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosmarinic acid) help
treat anxiety and depression by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators.
Other important targets, such as neurotransmitters (noradrenaline, 5-HT, and
dopamine), neuroendocrine (Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-axis), brain-derived
neurotrophic factor, T-type calcium channels, mitogen kinase protein-1, and
phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase 1 and 2 protein, are also involved in the
pathophysiology of psychological disorders (anxiety and depression). Thus, in this
chapter, we have illustrated the pharmacology of RA in major psychological disorders,
including anxiety and depression. 
Basics of the Drug Development Process
Authors: Bashir Salim Faruk , Meena Shivani , Kumar Gaurav
Published: March 2023

Drug discovery and development is a complex and lengthy process aimed at producing therapeutic substances that can be both effective in terms of pharmacological activity, specificity, good affinity to its target molecule, and safe for humans. It is a necessary step due to many emerging diseases of microbial, parasitic and genetic diseases affecting the entire world so that effective prophylaxis and treatment could be provided. The successful process of discovering a new drug relies on proper discovery and characterization of the lead compound followed by the preclinical studies that ascertain the safety and efficacy of the newly discovered compound. A number of information gathered from preclinical studies that, include information about the formulation, dosage, delivery, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, mode of action of the drug as well as its relation with other drugs when they interacted, could determine the fate of the new drug’s approval by the regulatory agency for a clinical trial on humans. Human clinical trials with the new drug under investigation are carried out on volunteers in different phases with a common goal to ascertain the new drug's safety, efficacy, and possible side effect in the actual environment. Since the human body is more dynamic, optimal dosage and effect of other substances on the drug itself are determined so as to ensure better treatment; satisfactory results from the human trial could pave the way for application and approval for a human trial in phase IV where the drug may subsequently go for commercialization but with strict monitoring for any unforeseen side effect most especially in a vulnerable group. Although this is an expensive, tedious and risky process for the pharmaceutical industry and volunteers, which takes many years, it is necessary. This chapter discusses the necessary steps for developing a new drug from the initial discovery from bench-top up to human trial and commercialization as an over-the-counter drug. 
Antimalarial Endoperoxides: from Natural Sesquiterpene Drugs to a Rising Generation of Synthetic Congeners
Authors: Luisi Grazia
Published: March 2023

Malaria is a vector-borne tropical disease caused by protozoans belonging to the genus Plasmodium, which has been scourging mankind for hundreds of millions of years. Despite the masterful progress in preventing disease transmission and reducing morbidity and fatal outcomes, malaria is on the rise again. Global concerns are focused on the spread of resistance to current drugs in the management of severe or ultimately lethal P. falciparum infection. To fully exploit the potential of existing agents and overcome their critical drawbacks, novel synthetic and formulation approaches have been explored. In this field, the clinical value of the natural drug artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives have been firmly established, and ART combination therapies (ACTs) have been recommended as first-line treatment against infection caused by chloroquine-resistant (CQR) P. falciparum strains. Over time, however, ART treatment options have become inadequate, and strict demand for new and effective agents has emerged. In this chapter, the medicinal chemistry aspects of artemisinins will be discussed, covering their unique mode of action and their structural features in relation to stability, pharmacokinetic profile, and antiplasmodial activity. Beyond ACT strategies, significant classes of compounds obtained through both ART covalent bitherapy and dimerization approaches will be presented as well. Furthermore, a special section will focus on the most recent endoperoxide-based synthetic antimalarials as new powerful and cost-effective alternatives to the “golden drug”. It is expected that reported results will provide a strong incentive for further studies, and that unceasing research efforts will succeed in reaching the eventual eradication of this endemic plague.
Pengelolaan Angkutan Lingkungan (Angling) dalam Perspektif Fungsi-Fungsi Manajemen sebagai Upaya Pemenuhan Pelayanan Transportasi Darat di Kabupaten Tuban
Authors: Idhamaningati Putri , Ali Maskur , Mohammad Nuh
Published: March 2023

This study aims to describe and analyze the management of Angkutan Lingkungan (Angling) carried out by BUMD PT Ronggolawe Sukses Mandiri Tuban Regency. The results of the study indicate that the management carried out is quite good. This is because in managing Angling has implemented management functions namely planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling (POAC). The driving factors for managing Angling are being able to accommodate more than one person, operating 24 hours, avoiding heat and rain, flexible, iconic, being able to become transportation for persons with disabilities, having the potential to become tourism transportation. While the inhibiting factors are the limited personnel they have, the ordering method is not yet effective, the location of the base is not strategic, the lack of synergy with the Service, and the existence of other online public transportation in Tuban Regency. Theoretically, the research implication is to confirm that Angling management has implemented the management function of POAC, and in practice, it is a consideration for improving existing regulations.
Strategy of Local Government in Increasing The Number of Tourists on Bawean Island
Authors: Durratun Nashihah
Published: March 2023

Bawean Island has many locations with natural objects with beautiful views. beautiful natural objects are a potential that can attract tourism visits. However, this beautiful natural object has not been maximized, the number of tourists who come to Bawean Island is still less than some other areas in Indonesia. There are several aspects that can attract tourists, including tourist attractions, infrastructure, accessibility, institutions, participation, and hospitality. Therefore it is important for the government to make policies and regulations to assist stakeholders in realizing all aspects of supporting tourism with the aim of increasing the number of tourists on the island of Bawean. While the type of research used in this research is a case study. Case Studies are qualitative strategy in which the researcher explores in depth a program, event, activity, process, or one or more individuals. What is done in this research is to collect and analyze data on regulations and government policies related to tourism, especially from the number of tourist visits. It is hoped that this research will benefit from knowing what policies and plans can be developed in the future to develop the number of tourist visits on the Bawean Island.
TPACK-based blended learning as an implementation of progressivism education: A systematic literature review
Authors: Albeta Sri Wilda , Firdaus L. N. , Copriady Jimmi , Alimin Masnaini
Published: March 2023

Blended learning research has been developed recently. Still, research has yet to examine the rationale for emerging trends and issues regarding TPACK and Blended Learning in terms of educational philosophy. This article focuses on analyzing blended learning based on TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) from the perspective of the philosophy of progressivism. The educational philosophy of progressivism requires making progress consistently and applying it comprehensively, constructively, and innovatively. In progressivism philosophy, every human being also needs a change to be invariably developed and get improvement. The research method used is qualitative. This research uses library research to explore relevant concepts using various writings on blended learning and TPACK and then analyzed using the progressivism theory. This article explores the results of a literature review on blended learning, TPACK, and progressivism philosophy. A few books and articles published from 2006 to 2021 were searched using Harzing's Publish and Perish through Scopus, Google Books, and Google Scholar databases. The systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The literature review includes 44 articles and books on blended learning, TPACK, and progressivism philosophy. In this context, a conclusion can be drawn where TPACK-based Blended Learning is an innovation in education following the needs and developments of the times, which is the implementation of the philosophy of progressivism. TPACK-based blended learning results from the philosophy of progressivism, which considers education to be moving in the direction of the times. The philosophy of progressivism requires a fundamental change in the implementation of education towards a better, quality, and real benefit for students.
Efecto de sustratos y enraizadores en la propagación vegetativa de Coffea arabica var. típica en microtúneles
Authors: Solano Vargas Jhordy Janno , Sánchez Santillan Tito , Arévalo López Luis Alberto , Morales Rojas Eli
Published: March 2023

El Coffea arabica variedad típica tiene una alta demanda a nivel mundial por su calidad organoléptica, sin embargo, en los últimos años las plantaciones han sido severamente afectadas por la roya del café (Hemileia vastatrix, Berkeley & Broome). La propagación asexual es una alternativa para regenerar plantas de la variedad típica con características agronómicas deseables como son porte alto, porcentaje de café supremo entre 63 % y 72 % y excelente calidad en taza. Con la finalidad de propagar vegetativamente a la variedad típica por enraizamiento de estaquillas en microtúneles, en este estudio se probaron tres tipos de sustratos y dos enraizadores, además de los tratamientos testigo (sustratos sin enraizador). Las estaquillas se instalaron bajo un diseño completo al azar con arreglo factorial de 3A × 3B, donde A son los sustratos: tierra agrícola, turba y arena y B son las auxinas: aib-98 % (ácido indol butírico) 2000 ppm y Root-hor (0,4 ana (ácido alfa naftalenacético) + 0,1 aib) a 5000 ppm. Se utilizaron estaquillas basales de 7 cm de tamaño uniformizadas a 5 cm con 25 % de área foliar, colectadas de jardines clonales. Se encontró que tanto el sustrato arena como el sustrato turba, más aib-98 % (ácido indol butírico) y el testigo (sin enraizador) no generaron mortalidad en las estaquillas. El empleo de turba + aib-98 % generaron efectos significativos en el enraizamiento y tuvieron efectos independientes para el número y el tamaño de raíces. Las estaquillas tratadas con aib-98 % potenciaron el enraizamiento de las estaquillas de café, sin embargo, las estaquillas tratadas con Root-hor no mostraron un efecto significativo sobre el enraizamiento, a pesar de interacción con los sustratos.
Condiciones óptimas de extracción de compuestos antioxidante del alga roja Acanthophora spicifera
Authors: Valdez N Arianna , Choez Iván , Van Der Hende Sofie , Ruìz Omar , Manzano Patricia
Published: March 2023

La Acanthophora spicifera un alga roja de fácil adaptación a diferentes condiciones ambientales, por su capacidad de regenerarse por fragmentación, convirtiéndola en una especie invasora en áreas tropicales y subtropicales. Además, es conocida por sus componentes bioactivos (antioxidantes, fitohormonas, fitopigmentos). En este estudio se plantea determinar las condiciones óptimas de extracción de compuestos antioxidantes de la macroalga que crece en la zona intermareal de la playa de San Pedro de la provincia de Santa Elena, en dos procesos de secado (horno y liofilización) y extracción etanólica (digestión y ultrasonido) a diferentes concentraciones de etanol (50% y 70%) en rangos de tiempo y temperatura para su posterior determinación de actividad antioxidante por los métodos DPPH, ABTS, fenoles, flavonoides y auxinas totales en microplacas. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA) usando el software estadístico R.4.2.0 e InfoStat, observan que los mejores resultados se dieron por digestión con una concentración de etanol al 50% y se obtuvieron valores para: la actividad captadora de radicales DPPH 3.65±0.011 µmol ET/g ps, mayor actividad inhibidora del radical catiónico ABTS 14.06±0.03 µmol ET/g ps, para flavonoides 1278.58±2.94 µg EQ/g ps, para fenoles 900±0.129 µg GEA/g ps. Las condiciones óptimas para la extracción etanolica de la macroalga A. spicifera., fueron 47 °C y 47 minutos para la actividad captadora de radicales DPPH y 47 °C y 39 minutos para la actividad inhibidora del radical catiónico ABTS, 45 °C y 37 minutos para Fenoles totales y 43 °C y 38 minutos para Flavonoides totales.

Palabras clave: actividad antioxidante, Acanthophora spicifera, optimización