bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traffic Police Officers’ Experience of Post-crash Care to Road Traffic Injury Victims: A Qualitative Study in Tanzania
Authors: Lukumay Gift G. , Mkoka Dickson A. , Outwater Anne H. , Ndile Menti L. , Saveman Britt-Inger
Published: October 2019

Background

Recently, road traffic injuries (RTIs) have become a major health problem affecting health systems in many low- and middle-income countries. Regardless of whether an ambulance is available for evacuation, police officers have been shown to arrive at the crash scene first, becoming, in effect, the first responders to RTI victims. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the experiences of traffic police officers in regard to the provision of care to RTI victims in the prehospital environment, including the role of traffic police upon arriving at the crash scene, the challenges they face, and their opinions about how to improve care to RTI victims.Method

The study used a qualitative approach in which data were obtained from 10 individual interviews and three focus group discussions. There were 41 participants, 27 of them were male and 14 were female. About half (48.7%) of the study participants were aged between 30 to 39 years. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse all the materials.Results

Three themes emerged from the analysis. The theme “Maintain safety while saving injured victims’ lives and facilitating access to a health facility” was comprised of safety, sorting, initial help, and assisting access to hospital care. “Overwhelmed working with limited resources and support” included limited care and transport resources, police fatigue, and little or no support. “Improving supportive system and empowering frontline personnel” included the need for an emergency care system, availability of resources and an emergency medical support system, and training for police and drivers regarding victims’ first-aid care, and road safety.Conclusion

The study findings characterize an environment in which the police first responders have no knowledge or skills and no equipment and supplies to provide care to RTI victims at the scene before rushing them to definitive care. The results suggest a favorable climate for training and equipping officers so that they can deliver competent postcrash care at the scene while emergency medical services are yet to be established. However, more research will be needed to determine the efficacy of such training and its acceptability in the Tanzanian context.
Supraglottic Airway versus Endotracheal Tube During Interventional Pulmonary Procedures – A Retrospective Study
Authors: Behrens Kyle M , Galgon Richard E
Published: October 2019

Background: As the field of interventional pulmonology (IP) expands, anesthesia services are increasingly being utilized when complex procedures of longer duration are performed on sicker patients with high risk co-morbidities and lung pathology. Yet, evidence on the optimal anesthetic management for these patients remains lacking. Our aim was to characterize the airway management and, secondarily anesthetic maintenance patterns used for IP procedures at our institution. Methods: From 2894 identified encounters, charts of 783 patients undergoing an IP procedure with general anesthesia over a 5-year period, employing an endotracheal tube (ETT) or a supraglottic airway (SGA) for airway maintenance, were identified and reviewed after exclusions. Patients posted for a concurrent thoracic surgical procedure and those already intubated at presentation were excluded. Baseline patient demographics, procedure, proceduralist type, anesthesia maintenance modality, neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) use, and airway management characteristics were extracted and analyzed. Results: Inhaled general anesthesia with an ETT for airway maintenance was most commonly employed; however, SGAs were used in one-third of patients with a very low conversion rate (0.4%), and their use was associated with a significant reduction in NMBD use. Conclusions: In this large series of patients receiving general anesthesia for IP procedures, inhaled anesthetic agents and ETTs were favored. However, in appropriately selected patients, SGA use was effective for airway maintenance and allowed for a reduction in NMBD use, which may have implications in this patient population who may have an increased risk for pulmonary complications and warrants further investigation.
Clinical analysis of microbiologically proven fungal keratitis according to prior topical steroid use: A retrospective study in South Korea
Authors: Cho Chan Ho , Lee Sang-Bumm
Published: October 2019

Background: To compare the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of microbiologically proven fungal keratitis between users and non-users of prior topical steroids (PS and NPS, respectively)

Methods: Eighty-three cases with microbiologically proven fungal keratitis between January 2000 and December 2016 retrospectively. Diagnosis of fungal keratitis was made through potassium hydroxide smear, culture, PCR, or biopsy. Baseline epidemiology, predisposing factors, clinical characteristics, microbiological profiles, and treatment outcomes were evaluated and compared between the PS and NPS groups. Treatment failure was defined as any case with complications or requiring surgery. The risk factors for treatment failure were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression in the overall cohort.

Results: A total of 30 cases with PS group and 53 cases with NPS group were included. Of these, sixteen fungal isolates were identified in the PS group and 14 isolates in the NPS group. Candida was the most common organism in both groups (6 cases, respectively), while Aspergillus (4 cases) was found only in the PS group (p=0.103). No significant differences were observed in the mean age, sex, occupational distribution, epithelial defect size, hypopyon, and presenting best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between the two groups. Differences were observed between the PS and NPS groups in terms of previous ocular surface disease (OSD) (43.3% vs. 22.6%, p=0.048) and deep infiltration (53.3% vs. 32.1%, p=0.057). Regarding treatment outcomes, final BCVA <0.1 (60% vs. 44.2%, p=0.133), the use of voriconazole (topical 10% vs. 0%, p=0.044; systemic 23.3% vs. 1.9%, p=0.003), surgical intervention (43.3% vs. 20.8%, p=0.029), and treatment failure (46.7% vs. 22.6%, p=0.023) were more common in the PS group than in the NPS group. The significant risk factors for treatment failure were hypopyon (odds ratio [OR] 6.01, p=0.005) and deep infiltration (OR 4.38, p=0.013).

Conclusions: Previous OSD and deep infiltration were more common in the PS group compared to the NPS group. The PS group also experienced worse disease progression and treatment outcomes. These results highlight the need for paying attention to the use of steroids in clinical practice.
Retraining automatic action tendencies for smoking using mobile phone-based approach-avoidance bias training: Study protocol for a randomized controlled study
Authors: Machulska Alla , Kleinke Kristian , Eiler Tanja Joan , Grünewald Armin , Brück Rainer , Jahn Katharina , Niehaves Björn , Gethmann Carl Friedrich , Klucken Tim
Published: October 2019

Background: Automatic tendencies to approach drug-related cues have been linked to the development and maintainance of harmful drug taking behavior. Recent studies have demonstrated that these automatic approach tendencies can be targeted directly by means of Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) approaches. Moreover, changing those approach tendencies may enhance treatment outcomes. However, training and therapy effects tend to be rather small and adherence to the training might be impaired by time-consuming multiple lab-training sessions. Here, we present a protocol for a randomized control design to improve CBM training efficiency and facilitate access to the training by providing mobile phone-based training sessions at home to current smokers motivated to quit smoking.
Methods: Participants (n = 100) are current smokers who smoke at least 6 cigarettes per day for at least 6 months and are willing to quit smoking. All participants attend a brief behavioral smoking cessation intervention (TAU) and are randomly assigned either to an experimental (TAU + training) or a control group. Participants in the experimental condition are given access to a training app aimed at retraining automatic approach biases for smoking cues. Participants are instructed to perform the app-training outside the laboratory context on a daily basis for 14 consecutive days. Participants in the control group do not receive the training. Primary outcome measures are changes in smoking-related approach biases and reductions in daily nicotine consumption as assessed at baseline, post-training and at a six-week follow-up. Secondary outcome measures include approach biases for alternative stimuli or smoking stimuli to which participants were not exposed during training, attentional and association biases, biochemical outcomes, and self-reported smoking behavior, also measured at three different time points (baseline, post-training, follow-up). After completion of the study, smokers in the control condition will receive access to the training app.
Discussion: This RCT is the first to test the effectiveness of an app-based CBM intervention as an adjunct to a brief smoking cessation intervention in smokers motivated to quit smoking. The results of this study can inform future research in the optimisation and advancement of CBM treatment for addiction.
Trial registration: Registered with Current Controlled Trials: study ID ISRCTN15690771. Registered on 20 November 2018; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15690771
Key words: Approach Bias, Cogitive Bias Modification, cigarette smoking, nicotine addiction, Randomized Control Trial, smartphone apps
Demyelinating Syndrome in Systemic Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica
Authors: Deeb khaled , Eby Jessika , Labault-Santiago Jose
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to report a case of a 44-year-old female who presented with intractable hiccups, vomiting, and later complicated with paraplegia. Imaging and sero/immunological studies were consistent with Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) based on NMO-IgG sero-positivity and transverse myelitis on MRI. Further investigation revealed positive ANA, anti-RNA polymerase III autoantibodies, and Scl-70, leading to a concurrent diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The coexistence of these two disease processes, namely systemic sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, and their underlying clinical manifestations and therapeutic interventions, are seldom reported in literature and are worth reporting. CASE REPORT: The patient was treated with high dose steroids, and subsequently developed malignant hypertension and acute renal failure, later identified as steroid induced scleroderma renal crisis on renal biopsy. Although Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has often been associated with various collagen and autoimmune diseases, the coexistence of NMOSD and SSc presented a challenge where patient underwent aggressive physical therapy and necessitated an intervention with Rituximab to achieve an appropriate clinical response. We have received consent forms from the participant in our study, and we have them on file in case they are requested. We have also received patient’s consent for the data presented in this article and Figure 1. CONCLUSION: This report expands on NMOSD associated autoimmune diseases. Systemic Sclerosis is an insidious disease that is often diagnosed late as not all patients often report skin manifestation. The finding suggests that patients presenting with acute neurological manifestations get tested for NMO-IgG/AQP-4 antibodies and other immunological studies based on clinical findings.
The OMACS-PIL study - a randomised controlled trial within the OMACS observational study
Authors: Culliford Lucy , Brierley Rachel , Clout Maddie , Evans Rebecca , Maishman Rachel , Phillips Dawn , Tabusa Hana , Reeves Barney , Rogers Chris A
Published: October 2019

Background: There has been little research to investigate whether the appearance of paper Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) used to describe research studies to potential participants influences their decision to take part. Embedding a Study Within a Trial (SWAT) is an efficient way of answering this type of methodological question. We included a randomised SWAT within a large cohort study, Outcome monitoring After Cardiac Surgery (OMACS), to address this question.
Methods: Potential participants for the OMACS study were randomised to receive one of three PILs, identical in content but with varying formatting and use of colour: PIL A (enhanced format), PIL B (hybrid format) and PIL C (standard format). Consent to OMACS was the primary outcome. Consent rates using the three different PIL formats were collected and compared.
Results: For the SWAT, 1517 PILs were sent to potential participants and 640 (42%) consented to take part in OMACS. PIL B had the highest recruitment rate, with 45% of patients consenting to participation; 40% and 41% of patients consented to participation with PIL A and C respectively. Compared to PIL C, the consent rate was 4% higher with PIL B (45% versus 41%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -2% to +10%, p=0.16) and 1% lower with PIL A (40% versus 41%, 95% CI -7% to +5%, p=0.72).
Conclusions: Although it not statistically significant, PIL B had the highest consent rate, and this format is being used for the remainder of the host study and will be used to inform the design of PILs for other research studies.
Incidence Of Post Dural Puncture Headache And Associated Factors Following Spinal Anaesthesia For Caesarean Delivery In Mulago National Referral Hospital
Authors: Nambooze Philo , Samuel Kizito , Kiggundu John Baptist , Kintu Andrew , Nabukenya Mary T.
Published: October 2019

Background Spinal anaesthesia is a cost effective anaesthesia technique commonly used for abdominal procedures like caesarean sections. The incidence of post dural puncture headaches (PDPH) which is one of the most reported complications) remains unknown in Uganda. We set out to study the incidence of PDPH and associated factors following spinal anaesthesia in mothers delivering by caesarean section in Mulago National Referral Hospital. Methods Prospective cohort study among 1294 women that received spinal anaesthesia for emergency caesarean section delivery from July 2015 to February 2016. Consecutive sampling was applied to recruit participants. Pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect information on demographics and associated factors. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used with a P value of 0.05 and confidence interval of 95% being considered statistically significant. Results The incidence of PDPH was found to be 48.8% (n=239/1294) (95%CI: 46.0-51.6). Significant factors associated with PDPH were history of spinal anaesthesia OR 1.3 95% CI (1.0-1.6) p=0.04 and loss more than 500mls of blood during surgery OR 2.2, 95% CI (1.1-4.2) P=0.02. Conclusion Results from our study indicate high incidence of PDPH women undergoing spinal anesthesia for Caesarean section. Prior exposure to spinal anesthesia and blood loss of more than 500mls are the major associated factors. There is need to objectively screen women at risk for PDPH prior to caesarean section and institute appropriate interventions.
Women’s experience of unplanned out-of-hospital birth in paramedic care
Authors: Flanagan Belinda , Lord Bill , Reed Rachel , Crimmins Gail
Published: October 2019

Background Healthcare literature describes predisposing factors, clinical risk, maternal and neonatal clinical outcomes of unplanned out-of-hospital birth; however, there is little quality research available that explores the experiences of mothers who birth prior to arrival at hospital. Methods This study utilised a narrative inquiry methodology to explore the experiences of women who birth in paramedic care. Results The inquiry was underscored by twenty-two narrative interviews of women who birthed in paramedic care in Queensland, Australia between 2011-2016. This data identified factors that contributed to the planned hospital birth occurring in the out-of-hospital setting. Women in this study began their story by discussing previous birth experience and their knowledge, expectations and personal beliefs concerning the birth process. Specific to the actual birth event, women reported feeling empowered, confident and exhilarated. However, some participants also identified concerns with paramedics practice; lack of privacy, poor interpersonal skills, and a lack of consent for certain procedures. Conclusions This study identified several factors and a subset of factors that contributed to their experiences of the planned hospital birth occurring in the out-of-hospital setting. Women described opportunities for improvement in the care provided by paramedics, specifically some deficiencies in technical and interpersonal skills.
METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION OF MUSCLE TISSUE IN MEAT PRODUCTS. PREREQUISITES FOR CREATING A MULTI–LEVEL CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Chernukha Irina M. , Vostrikova Natal’ya L. , Khvostov Daniil V. , Zvereva Elena A. , Taranova Nadezhda A. , Zherdev Anatoly V.
Published: October 2019

Unfair production and products that do not comply with the declared labeling are currently an acute problem in the field of technical regulation, including with regard to food safety and quality. Given the high added value and multicomponent composition, finished meat products are among the most susceptible to adulteration. Despite the best efforts of regulatory agencies to counteract these inconsistencies, the hidden substitution of cheaper or lower-grade meats is still widespread. One of the main tasks facing research laboratories and testing centers today is the detection of falsification of food products, as well as standardization and certification of techniques necessary to solve such problems. The manufacturer, aware of the current control methods, can go to the deception, using vegetable protein, new unregistered feed additives. To determine the complex changes that occur in products, it is necessary to use methodological approaches in which it is possible to reliably determine these changes. The paper presents an overview of the most commonly used methodologies for assessing the component composition of meat products. Quality assessment of meat products includes control of components of finished products. The most difficult task is to determine the proportion of muscle protein in multicomponent meat products that have undergone heat treatment.
ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF THERMAL TREATMENT ON MEAT PROTEINS USING PROTEOMIC METHODS
Authors: Chernukha Irina M. , Akhremko Anastasiya G.
Published: October 2019

The results of studying the effect of various temperatures on the protein composition of minced meat from porcine m. longissimus dorsi by two-dimensional electrophoresis are presented. The most complete distribution of protein fractions was observed in fresh raw minced meat, and when it was exposed to negative temperature, there was a sharp decrease in protein components (carbonic anhydrase 3, αβ-crystallin), as well as a decrease in the staining intensity of protein spots of the main constitutive fractions (tropomyosin alpha 1, myosin light chain 1). In the case of heat treatment, structural muscle proteins were retained with some changes in high molecular weight fractions, namely, protein molecules degraded to compounds with a simpler structure. It was noted that fractions of tropomyosin β-chain, triosephosphate isomerase 1, myosin light chains 2 were not detected after minced meat was frozen, while tropomyosin alpha 1 was retained in all samples.
The use of functionality scales in patients with Post-Polio Syndrome
Authors: Helou Aline Simão , Ramos Anna Elisa Basto , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle , Quadros Abrahão Augusto Juviano , Fávero Francis Meire
Published: October 2019

Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) is a neurological disease, resulting in the decrease of the neuromuscular functions being characterized by a set of clinical manifestations that occur in individuals who had acute paralytic poliomyelitis. The patients with PPS begin to present new limitations on the performance of their ADLs and, at the same time, tend to ignore them, continuing their daily work with greater physical effort. The need for a functional evaluation is therefore necessary to find out where the commitments are in the ADLs and to help them without aggravating the degenerative PPS. To identify the main functional assessment scales used in individuals with PPS. A study review of the literature was performed on the functional scales used in patients with PPS described in the articles in the database. We found 12 functional scales in activities of daily living, as follows: Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), International Classification of Impairments, Disability's and Handicaps (ICIDH), Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), Sunnas ADL Index, Katz Index, Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), ADLs-Staircase, Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Older Adult Resource Survey (OARS), and Self-Reporter ADL. None of the 12 scales mentioned in our study is validated for the use in patients with PPS, the most scales found in the literatures reviewed in this research were NHP and ICIDH. Therefore, we found 9 scales validated in Brazil, Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), International Classification of Impairments, Disability's and Handicaps (ICIDH), Older Adult Resource Survey (OARS), Katz Index and Self-Reporter ADL.
Profiles of virulence genes in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from suckling piglets in Serbia
Authors: ŽUTIĆ JADRANKA , VALČIĆ OLIVERA , MILIĆEVIĆ VESNA , VELJOVIĆ LJUBIŠA , KURELJUŠIĆ JASNA , BACIĆ DRAGAN , JEZDIMIROVIĆ NEMANJA
Published: October 2019

A total of 120 Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from suckling piglets with diarrhoea and 30 E. coli strains from healthy piglets were tested for the presence of fimbrial and enterotoxin virulence genes. Out of the 120 isolates sampled from diarrheic piglets, 81 (67.5%) expressed one or more genes encoding virulence factors. Adhesin genes were detected in 52 (43.33%) out of 120 E. coli isolates, and the most common among them was F4 adhesin (33.33%). Genes encoding E. coli toxins were detected in 81 (67.5%) isolates. E. coli included in the study carried genes for one or more of the following toxins: STa, STb, LT and EAST1. The astA gene encoding EAST1 was the most prevalent and was identified in 72 (60%) E. coli isolates. EAST1 toxin was detected in 5 out of 30 isolates (16.7%) from healthy piglets. Among the 81 isolates expressing virulence genes, a total of 15 different combinations for fimbrial and toxin genes were found. The most common virulence pattern was F4/STb/LT/EAST1 detected in 23.45% of E. coli strains isolated from suckling piglets with diarrhoea. The results indicate that F4 adhesin and EAST1 toxin are the most common in E. coli isolates sampled from diarrhoeic suckling piglets in Serbia.
Colour of milk and milk products in CIE L*a*b* space
Authors: CHUDY SYLWIA , BILSKA AGNIESZKA , KOWALSKI RYSZARD , TEICHERT JOANNA
Published: October 2019

Colour measuring instruments have become more reliable, smaller and faster than their predecessors at significantly lower costs for the users. This article has been written to provide practical guidelines for technologists, technicians and scientists to better understand colour measurement of dairy products. The results of milk colour measurement are used to determine the health of cows, as well as the quality of the raw material. The measurement of the colour of final dairy products makes it possible to determine their quality and to monitor changes occurring during storage. The article presents the theory of colour evaluation in the CIE L* a* b* space. It specifies what conditions need to be fulfilled while determining the colour and what information should be given when publishing data on colour. The article explains what affects the colour of milk. The article gives examples of studies on the colours of dairy products and practical applications of such studies.
Melanoma uveal en un canino: un reporte de caso
Authors: Acevedo Toro Sandra , Velásquez Betancur Paula Andrea
Published: October 2019

En el presente reporte se expone el caso clínico de un canino macho Gran Danés Arlequín, el cual, presentó el ojo derecho opaco y muy rojo. En el examen oftalmológico presentó un cuadro agudo de uveítis, seguido por glaucoma y déficit visual; no reporta trauma físico o algún golpe contundente a nivel ocular. El diagnóstico definitivo fue melanoma uveal, confirmado por ecografía, citología e histopatología.
Melanoma iridal felino: un reporte de caso
Authors: Uribe Castillo Daniel , Cárdenas Muñoz Kelly Leandra
Published: October 2019

El melanoma difuso de iris felino es una patología estadísticamente atípica que compromete el globo ocular, con posibilidades de afectar otros órganos del paciente si llega a existir un proceso metastásico. La enucleación suele ser una alternativa terapéutica para reducir el riesgo de dicho proceso; sin embargo, la decisión requiere de un examen clínico adecuado. El diagnóstico de esta enfermedad requiere ser confirmado por medio de histopatología y su seguimiento debe ser continuo, mediante radiografía torácica, ecografía abdominal y examen oftalmológico completo. Este artículo presenta el análisis y discusión de un caso de melanoma iridal difuso felino en un doméstico de pelo corto, sus hallazgos clínicos, uso de ayudas diagnósticas y su enfoque terapéutico.
En defensa del metano (de las vacas)
Authors: Naranjo Ramírez Juan Fernando
Published: October 2019

Nos enfrentamos al mundo donde se rechazan los datos y los expertos, donde todos opinan con o sin argumentos, donde se simplifica lo complejo y donde se difunden falsedades en las redes que el público en general consume sin la menor reflexión y con escasos elementos de análisis. El siguiente texto es un intento de mejorar el entendimiento sobre la contribución de la ganadería bovina en la dinámica del ciclo del carbono y busca exponer por qué es un error responsabilizar a las vacas de contribuir e incrementar el cambio climático global cuándo según muchas evidencias sugieren que pueden actuar es como una esperanzadora estrategia para mitigarlo y reducirlo.
Perioperative predictors of early silent coronary graft occlusion after direct myocardial revascularisation
Authors: Semchenko A. , Musurivskaya T. , Rosseykin E.
Published: October 2019

Background. The condition of the coronary grafts is the most important determinant of prognosis after direct myocardial revascularisation. Previous studies mainly aimed at exploring the long-term patency and causes of coronary graft occlusions; identification of patients at risk for asymptomatic graft occlusion in the early postoperative period remains an unresolved issue.Aim. The purpose of this study was to define perioperative predictors of early asymptomatic coronary graft occlusion after direct myocardial revascularisation.Methods. This retrospective study included 201 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent microscope-assisted coronary artery (CA) bypass surgery in 2013–2018. All patients underwent 64-slice computed tomography angiography 7 days after surgery. The patients were categorised into two groups: those with confirmed patency of all coronary grafts (n = 153; group I) and those with occlusion of at least one graft (n = 48; group II). The perioperative predictors of early asymptomatic coronary graft occlusion were analysed using logistic regression.Results. The total graft patency was 91.7% among a total of 650 coronary grafts that were examined. The frequencies of mammary and venous graft occlusions were comparable (8.4% and 8.2%, respectively). No differences were noted in the conduit types or the revascularised areas of the myocardium between the two groups. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that diffuse CA lesions (odds ratio [OR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36–5.52; p = 0.005), lesion diameter of CA of <1.5 mm (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.34–6.71; p = 0.007) and hyperglycaemia (glucose >7.8 mmol/l) during the first postoperative day (OR, 4.22; 95% CI, 1.70–10.5; p = 0.002) were independent predictors of early coronary graft occlusion. History of percutaneous coronary intervention (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11–0.97; p = 0.045) and increased baseline glomerular filtration rate (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93–0.98; p = 0.002) were associated with a reduced risk of early graft occlusion.Conclusion. The frequency of early asymptomatic occlusion after microscope-assisted coronary artery bypass surgery was comparable between the venous and mammary grafts and did not depend on the anatomical zone of myocardial revascularisation. Diffuse CA lesions, target CA diameter of <1.5 mm and hyperglycaemia (>7.8 mmol/L) during the first postoperative day were associated with an increased risk of early silent graft occlusion, whereas increased baseline glomerular filtration rate and history of percutaneous coronary intervention were protective for the early patency of coronary bypass grafts.
Received 24 June 2019. Revised 23 August 2019. Accepted 29 August 2019.
Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Simultaneous coronary bypass and extra-anatomical bypass from the ascending aorta to the deep femoral arteries in a high-risk patient with aortoiliac occlusive disease: A case report
Authors: Bayandin N. , Tiurin M. , Moiseev A.
Published: October 2019

Aortobifemoral bypass surgery is the ‘Gold standard’ of therapy in patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease. However, multifocal atherosclerosis, especially in combination with multivessel coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome in high-risk patients, continues to prove challenging for surgeons. Extra-anatomical methods or revascularization can be useful in these patients. As published reports of such cases are few, our case report would be of significant interest.We describe the clinical case of 59-year old patient with aortoiliac occlusive disease, ischaemic heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, postinfarction cardiosclerosis and severe heart failure. The patient successfully underwent simultaneous coronary bypass and extra-anatomical bypass from the ascending aorta to the deep femoral arteries under parallel cardiopulmonary bypass. We describe a method that enables simultaneous revascularization of the myocardium and lower extremities in high-risk patients while avoiding the abdominal part of the procedure. Such an extra-anatomical bypass from the ascending aorta to the femoral arteries may be an alternative to the conventional combination of aortocoronary and aortobifemoral bypass in such high-risk patients.Received 5 May 2019. Revised 3 September 2019. Accepted 4 September 2019.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
The combined use of proximal and distal protection devices uring carotid stenting: A case report
Authors: Malaev D. , Redkin D. , Baystrukov V. , Prokhorikhin A. , Boykov A. , Kretov E.
Published: October 2019

Despite the development of modern medical technologies, cerebrovascular disease remains a major health and social issue. Among all the cases of ischemic stroke, approximately 20% are attributable to stenotic lesions in the carotid artery. The main drawback of carotid stenting is the risk of embolic complications during the procedure. To resolve this problem, various devices that protect against embolism have been developed. In this clinical case, we describe the ability to minimize the risk of operative stroke through a combined application of the distal and proximal protection systems in carotid stenting.In our patient, a 65-year-old woman, angiography of the carotid arteries revealed an ulcerated atherosclerotic plaque of the right internal carotid artery, with stenosis of the lumen of up to 95%. Considering the high risk of distal embolism, the Mo MaUltra (Italy) proximal protection system was used. When evaluating the installation of the Mo MaUltra system, the preserved blood flow through the superior thyroid artery and, therefore, the antegrade blood flow in the internal carotid artery was revealed. Considering the identified risk and the anatomy of the plaque surface, we decided on the additional use of the distal SpiderFX (USA) protection device.The combined use of proximal protection system and distal protective device for carotid stenting is technically possible and may reduce the risk of embolic complications.Received 23 January 2019. Revised 18 March 2019. Published 23 April 2019.Informed consent: The patient’s informed consent to use the records for medical purposes is obtained.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Unraveling the Inhibition of Intestinal Glucose Transport by Dietary Phenolics: A Review
Authors: Pico Joana , Martínez Mario M.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Glucose transport across the intestinal brush border membrane plays a key role in metabolic regulation. Depending on the luminal glucose concentration, glucose is mainly transported by the sodium- dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1) and the facilitated-transporter glucose transporter (GLUT2). SGLT1 is apical membrane-constitutive and it is active at a low luminal glucose concentration, while at concentrations higher than 50 mM, glucose is mainly transported by GLUT2 (recruited from the basolateral membrane). Dietary phenolic compounds can modulate glucose homeostasis by decreasing the postprandial glucose response through the inhibition of SGLT1 and GLUT2.

Methods:

Phenolic inhibition of intestinal glucose transport has been examined using brush border membrane vesicles from rats, pigs or rabbits, Xenopus oocytes and more recently Caco-2 cells, which are the most promising for harmonizing in vitro experiments.

Results:

Phenolic concentrations above 100 µM has been proved to successfully inhibit the glucose transport. Generally, the aglycones quercetin, myricetin, fisetin or apigenin have been reported to strongly inhibit GLUT2, while quercetin-3-O-glycoside has been demonstrated to be more effective in SGLT1. Additionally, epigallocatechin as well as epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallates were observed to be inhibited on both SGLT1 and GLUT2.

Conclusion:

Although, valuable information regarding the phenolic glucose transport inhibition is known, however, there are some disagreements about which flavonoid glycosides and aglycones exert significant inhibition, and also the inhibition of phenolic acids remains unclear. This review aims to collect, compare and discuss the available information and controversies about the phenolic inhibition of glucose transporters. A detailed discussion on the physicochemical mechanisms involved in phenolics-glucose transporters interactions is also included.
Targeting Integrase Enzyme: A Therapeutic Approach to Combat HIV Resistance
Authors: Komal Daipule , Khushboo Joshi , Aaftaab Sethi , Lakshmi Soukya , Mallika Alvala
Published: October 2019

Global Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) statistics by the World Health Organization
(WHO) for the year 2017 was estimated to be 36.9 (31.1-43.9) million. Antiviral drug resistance poses
a serious threat to public health and requires immediate action. Retroviral Integrase (IN), a component
enzyme in the retroviral pre-integration complex (PIC) enables a retrovirus to incorporate its genetic
material into the host DNA. Development of resistance by the current integrases invites immediate attention
of the drug discovery community for the development of new second-generation Integrase
Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs). It will exhibit greater efficacy against Elvitegravir (EVG) and
Raltegravir (RAL) resistant strains of HIV. This review focuses on the mechanism, importance of integrase
structure, function and current research on small molecule inhibitors of integrase to overcome
drug resistance. The molecular mechanism of retroviral integrase inhibition and the evolution of resistance
are also explored.
The Effects of Special Patient Population Plasma on Pharmacokinetic Quantifications Using LC-MS/MS
Authors: Zhou Dongmei , Sun Lifang , Nguyen Mai , Yeh Li- Tain , Wilson David M.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Clinical development of lesinurad, a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor,
required analysis of lesinurad in plasma from special patient populations.

Methods:

EMA and FDA bioanalytical method validation guidance have recommended studying matrix
effects on quantitation if samples from special patient populations are to be analyzed. In addition to
lesinurad (plasma protein binding 98.2%), the matrix effects from special population plasma on the
quantitation of verapamil (PPB 89.6%), allopurinol and oxypurinol (PPB negligible) were also investigated.

Results:

The plasma from special population patients had no matrix effects on the three quantification
methods with stable isotope labeled internal standard, protein precipitation extraction, and LC-MS/MS
detection. The validated lesinurad plasma quantification method was successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic
evaluations to support the clinical studies in renal impaired patients.

Conclusion:

Special population plasma did not affect quantitation of drugs with a wide range of
plasma protein binding levels in human plasma. With the confirmation that there is no impact on quantification
from the matrix, the bioanalytical method can be used to support the pharmacokinetic evaluations
for clinical studies in special populations.
Managing Acute Agitation and Psychotic Symptoms in the Emergency Department
Authors: Moukaddam Nidal , Choi Raymond , Tucci Veronica
Published: October 2019

Background and goals:

It is fairly common for adolescents with a presenting problem of acute agitation to present to the Emergency Department. These patients present challenges with respect to both differential diagnosis and management. Furthermore, with many adolescents having extended stays in emergency departments, it is important for ED physicians to have a basic familiarity with diagnosis and treatment.

Method:

In this paper, we present a primer on the conditions underlying acute agitation and review approaches to management in the emergency department.

Discussion:

Psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, are distinct from other conditions presenting with psychotic symptoms, which can range from depression to substance use to non-psychiatric medical conditions. Agitation, a state of excessive verbal and physical activity, can accompany any of these conditions. Unlike the case for adults, practice guidelines do not exist, and there is no fully agreed upon expert consensus yet. Emergency physicians should have a working knowledge of antipsychotic medications and need to consider pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological treatments for optimal management.
Embodied Cognition and Language Appropriation: Recycling with Difference by a Child with Congenital Deafblindness and Multiple Disability
Authors: Costain Kirsten , Souriau Jacques , Daelman Marlene
Published: October 2019

This article uses microanalysis of a video case example of embodied cognition and language appropriation in a child with congenital deafblindness and multiple disability. The creative and generative nature of the child’s expressions are highlighted in this analysis in an exploration of the dialogical concept of recycling (Linell, 2010), in particular recycling with difference (Anward, 2004; 2014).  The central notion of simulation in cognition is challenged here by highlighting the status of the child’s expressions as re-workings rather than representations or copies of the original interaction. The account of the micro-analysis of alignment in the case is linked to the cognitive-linguistic perspective of dialogic syntax with its key notions of parallelism, resonance and engagement. 

https://doi.org/10.21827/jdbsc.5.32572
Results of Investigations and Recommendations Regarding How to Reduce Excessive Weight in People
Authors: Fang X , Voinov K , Esbulatova A
Published: October 2019

In this paper we describe some important aspects regarding the problem of excessive weight in people and attempts to reduce this. Very often people suffer from this situation and do not use effective methods; for example, they may take inappropriate medical tablets/drugs, turn to a witch-doctor or fortune-teller, try to eat only vegetables and fruit, and so forth. Unfortunately, these approaches do not work well in all cases. Due to age and health condition, not everybody can maintain regular exercise. This motivates the approach described in this paper, where our methods for three persons help both to maintain normal weight over many years and to reduce it incrementally to a comfortable level. Calculations were made using results in MathCad for the investigations and recommendations regarding how to reduce excessive weight in people.
Procesos de subalternización en filosofía política: otras genealogías posibles
Authors: Borsani María Eugenia
Published: October 2019

This article proposes a shift about the canonical road map of political philosophy since it only considers the thinkers known as “classics”. In that sense, attempts to show, from the decolonial perspective, other possible genealogies, which have been subalternized by canonical eurocentric academy. Shows, in turn, the condescension of political philosophy with racist views of classic thinkers and the silence of much of Western academy in this regard.
Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez y el marxismo francfortiano
Authors: Gandler Stefan
Published: October 2019

In this text Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez’s life and some central aspects his work are analyzed. A discussion of his thought with the ideas of one of the authors arisen from the tradition of the critical theory is established. Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez and Alfred Schmidt, two of the most important critical marxist philosophers on a worldwide level, are compared and confronted around some central aspects of their interpretation of Marx’s work. The concepts of praxis (political and productive), their mutual relation with the process of knowledge, nature and society, idealism and materialism are the central problems.
Socialismo y moral
Authors: Villoro Luis
Published: October 2019

In this brief essay, Luis Villoro comes back, again, to debate the opus of Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez. Villoro specially focuses on two aspects: the connexion between liberalism and socialism, and the fundamental sense of morals in socialism and marxism. Villoro points out that socialism is a regulative ideal; for this reason it cannot be deduced from historical facts or instrumental rationality; it is, instead, a moral practice. This is one capital reason of the importance of liberalism in the socialist reflexion. In this context, Villoro looks at the work of Sánchez Vázquez as a great example of moral Socialism.
El deslizamiento de la identidad: entre política y subjetividad
Authors: Gutiérrez Castañeda Griselda
Published: October 2019

Through the analyze of documentary Trazando Aleida. La historia de una búsqueda, which is an approach of the Mexican dirty war in the ’70s, through the experience of some victims, we have the opportunity to show the abundant possibilities of dialogue between cinema and philosophy, The approach to complex subjects in philosophy, usually is by means of systematical argumentative and critical constructions, while the cinematic part show with fragments of images, of parliaments, achieving condense these subjects. With this condensation could perform, social, subjectivity, political, and historical reality, playing with image, sound, interpretation, and creation. Therefore the philosophy could have a rich platform of reflection in dialogue with the cinema. The dialogue with this excellent documental, as a laboratory, some philosophical thesis acquiring density, thesis-like no-complete constitution of subjectivity, and the political conflict like the horizon of possibility/impossibility of identity process. This essay is an attempt to show that the density of arguments embody in life experience, and those become a profound and painful radical experience.
El valor de uso y la crítica total de la sociedad moderna en la lectura de El capital, de Marx, que propone Bolívar Echeverría
Authors: Moreno Soto David
Published: October 2019

For more than three decades, use value and revolution are the focus of Bolivar Echeverria’s reflection. Echeverria constantly ponders this axis that gives continuity to his work and his thought. In this reworking, he created one of his most important essays, “Natural form of Social Reproduction”, first published in 1984 and then, in a new version, under the title of “Use Value: Ontology and Semiotics”, in 1998. A comparison between the two versions shows differences of detail, but, really, these are changes in theoretical and political perspective of Echeverria. Considered more closely, these differences development fundamental problems, and it promises progress for critical thinking. In these notes I try to clarify this promise.
La España "cóncava" de Ramón Gaya
Authors: Trapanese Elena
Published: October 2019

The painter and writer Ramón Gaya (1910-2005) might be one of the most forgotten among the intellectuals exiled due to the Spanish Civil War. It’s to his facet as a writer that we dedicate special attention: his texts on Cervantes and don Quijote, on Galdós, on Velázquez, and the Prado Museum, etc., offer us a faithful portrait, yet not because of that submissive, of the Spain that he and many other Republicans wanted to save from the tragic consequences of the Civil War and that they tried to safeguard through memory and art. We dedicate space also to the analysis of the meaning that the terms miracle, genius and concavity have in the work of the exiled and of the role they play in his artistic proposal.
Reforma y Contrarreforma. El debate teológico en el umbral de la nueva ciencia
Authors: Velázquez Zaragoza Alejandra
Published: October 2019

The theological debate that gave rise to the religious Reformation undertaken by Luther, extended to the epistemological problematic of the new science. The controversy between Reformers and Counter-reformers in the search for the correct reading of the Holy Scriptures -either from the sources or from the doctrine-, led to the rethinking of the problem of the criterion or norm of truth to establish the correct reading and the method of interpretation to reach the revealed truth of the sacred scriptures. The problem of the criterion not only had an impact on the religious sphere, when transferred to the field of natural philosophy, forced the impostors of the new science to take positions around its epistemic status: approximate truths (moral certainty) or absolute truths (metaphysical certainty). Here the above-mentioned panorama is exposed, to make clear the correlation between the theological and the epistemological querella that, in one of its main angles, can be stated as the opposition to authority, whether to the papal —like Luther— or to the tradition scholastic, in the manner of Galileo. In both cases it is required to go to the source: the sacred book or the one of nature.
La filosofía clásica alemana es obra de teólogos encubiertos: el protestantismo en la génesis del idealismo alemán
Authors: López Domínguez Virginia
Published: October 2019

Schopenhauer and Nietzsche pointed out that the classical German Philosophy was the expression of a covert Theology. In fact, from Lessing to Hegel, through Kant, trough the Idealists and the Romantics,  German philosophers and thinkers studied in protestant schools and seminaries, for the most part, of pietist orientation. This article shows the general characteristics of pietism and how it influenced the problems statement, the doctrines and ideas of some of these philosophers.
Presentación
Authors: Gómez Salazar Mónica
Published: October 2019

Presentación