bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure et écologie de quelques formations herbeuses de Guyane française
Authors: Descoings Bernard-Marie
Published: November 2016

Les caractères généraux des formations herbeuses guyanaises font tout d'abord l'objet d'un rappel succinct, ainsi que la méthode d'étude de la structure de la végétation mise au point par l'auteur. Une dizaine de formations herbeuses sont décrites à partir des relevés de terrain et leurs caractéristiques structurales synthétisées et illustrées par autant de fiches structurales. Les formations terrestres sont mises en parallèle avec les groupes écologiques décrits par J. Hoock, et une attention particulière est donnée aux formations herbeuses aquatiques. Des remarques générales sur la structure des formations herbeuses guyanaises permettent une certaine comparaison avec des formations voisines d'Afrique équatoriale. Une proposition de classification, basée sur la structure de la végétation, termine ces remarques. Les corrélations existant entre la structure des formations et les conditions édapho-topographiques sont enfin précisées et illustrées par un tableau schématique.
Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Gard. Ptéridophytes
Authors: Aubin Pierre
Published: November 2016

Soixante espèces de Ptéridophytes sont indiquées dans le Gard. Ceci représente 21 espèces de plus que dans l'inventaire précédent datant de 1862.
Rejet du taxon Niphargus minutus (Gervais, 1835) et suppression de Niphargus moniezi Wrzeniowski, 1890 (Crustacés Amphipodes)
Authors: Ginet René
Published: November 2016

Le statut de deux espèces énigmatiques de Niphargus est rappelé. N. minutus doit être considéré comme nomen nudum et N. moniezi est synonyme de Crangonyx subterraneus Bate 1859.
Description d'un néotype et choix d'une nouvelle localité-type pour le crustacé stygobie Niphargus ciliatus Chevreux 1906 (Amphipode)
Authors: Ginet René
Published: November 2016

L'Amphipode souterrain français Niphargus ciliatus a été décrit par Chevreux de manière succincte et sans que l'auteur précise clairement l'origine géographique des individus qu'il a utilisés pour sa description. La station considérée de facto comme localité-type (la grotte de Méailles, en Haute-Provence) est cependant peuplée par un autre taxon de Niphargus, qui reste à déterminer. Après une analyse historique de ce problème, le présent travail donne une nouvelle et complète description de ce taxon, faite à l'aide d'individus déterminés comme ciliatus par Chevreux lui-même au début du siècle, et de captures plus récentes, tous provenant du sud-ouest de la France où N. ciliatus est fréquent. Une nouvelle localité-type (Mont-de-Marsan, dans le département des Landes) a donc été définie, en remplacement de celle de Méailles, qui doit être abandonnée.
La tribu Lentineae Fayod (Basidiomycètes), les genres et leur nomenclature
Authors: Kühner Robert
Published: November 2016

Structure anatomique et histologique de la chair et de la trame des lames. Evolution des idées concernant les limites des genres et leur nomenclature.
The Regulatory Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-β on Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Li Shiying , Gu Xiaosong , Yi Sheng
Published: November 2016

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) belongs to a group of pleiotropic cytokines that are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as inflammation and immune reactions, cellular phenotype transition, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. TGF-β is widely distributed throughout the body, including the nervous system. Following injury to the nervous system, TGF-β regulates the behavior of neurons and glial cells and thus mediates the regenerative process. In the current article, we reviewed the production, activation, as well as the signaling pathway of TGF-β. We also described altered expression patterns of TGF-β in the nervous system after nerve injury and the regulatory effects of TGF-β on nerve repair and regeneration in many aspects, including inflammation and immune response, phenotypic modulation of neural cells, neurite outgrowth, scar formation, and modulation of neurotrophic factors. The diverse biological actions of TGF-β suggest that it may become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of nerve injury and regeneration.
Silencing of LIM and SH3 Protein 1 (LASP-1) Inhibits Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion
Authors: Gao Wei , Han Jiakai
Published: November 2016

LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP-1) is a specific focal adhesion protein that was first identified in breast cancer and then reported to be involved in cell proliferation and migration. Many studies have demonstrated the essential role of LASP-1 in cancer progression. However, there have
been no studies on the association of LASP-1 with thyroid cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and biological function of LASP-1 in thyroid cancer. We found that LASP-1 was highly expressed in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines. LASP-1 silencing had antiproliferative
and anti-invasive effects on thyroid cancer cells. Moreover, tumor xenograft experiments showed that LASP-1 silencing suppressed thyroid cancer cell growth in vivo. We also demonstrated that LASP-1 silencing decreased the protein expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt. In conclusion, these findings
suggest LASP-1 to be an oncogene and a potential therapeutic target in thyroid cancer.
MicroRNA-98 Plays a Suppressive Role in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through Inhibition of SALL4 Protein Expression
Authors: Liu Wenliang , Xiao Peng , Wu Han , Wang Li , Kong Demiao , Yu Fenglei
Published: November 2016

MicroRNAs (miRs) have been demonstrated to be significantly associated with the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the underlying mechanism of miR-98 in mediating the malignant phenotypes of NSCLC cells remains obscure. In this study, we found
that miR-98 was significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues compared to nontumor lung tissues. Downregulation of miR-98 was significantly associated with poor differentiation and advanced clinical stage. Restoration of miR-98 expression significantly decreased the proliferation, migration,
and invasion of NSCLC A549 and H1229 cells. SALL4 was identified as a target gene of miR-98, and the protein expression of SALL4 was negatively regulated by miR-98 in NSCLC A549 and H1229 cells. Overexpression of SALL4 promoted A549 and H1229 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and
reversed the suppressive effects of miR-98 on the malignant phenotypes of A549 and H1229 cells. Moreover, SALL4 was found to be significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared to the nontumor lung tissues. We then observed an inverse correlation between the miR-98 and SALL4 levels in NSCLC
tissues. In vivo study revealed that miR-98 overexpression suppressed NSCLC growth. In summary, we demonstrate that miR-98 acts as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC cells by inhibiting the protein expression of its target gene SALL4. Therefore, our study highlights the importance of the miR-98/SALL4
axis in NSCLC.
Sorafenib and 2-Deoxyglucose Synergistically Inhibit Proliferation of Both Sorafenib-Sensitive and -Resistant HCC Cells by Inhibiting ATP Production
Authors: Reyes Ryan , Wani Nissar A. , Ghoshal Kalpana , Jacob Samson T. , Motiwala Tasneem
Published: November 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Sorafenib is the only first-line systemic drug for advanced HCC, but it has very limited survival benefits because patients treated with sorafenib either suffer from side effects or show disease
progression after initial response. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies for first-line and second-line therapies. The association between sorafenib resistance and glycolysis prompted us to screen several drugs with known antiglycolytic activity to identify those that
will sensitize cells to sorafenib. We demonstrate that the combination of glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) and sorafenib drastically inhibits viability of sorafenib-sensitive and -resistant cells. However, the combination of other antiglycolytic drugs like lonidamine, gossypol, 3-bromopyruvate,
and imatinib with sorafenib does not show synergistic effect. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the combination of 2DG and sorafenib induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1. Mechanistic investigation suggests that the cell cycle arrest is due to depletion of cellular ATP that
activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which, in turn, inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to induce cell cycle arrest. This study provides strong evidence for the therapeutic potential of the combination of sorafenib and 2DG for HCC.
Thiazol-4-one derivatives from the reaction of monosubstituted thioureas with maleimides: structures and factors determining the selectivity and tautomeric equilibrium in solution
Authors: Pankova Alena S , Golubev Pavel R , Khlebnikov Alexander F , Ivanov Alexander Yu , Kuznetsov Mikhail A
Published: November 2016

2-(Alkyl(aryl)amino)thiazol-4(5H)-ones can regioselectively be prepared from monoalkyl(aryl)thioureas and maleimides. In solution, the former heterocycles exist in a tautomeric equilibrium with 2-(alkyl(aryl)imino)thiazolidin-4-ones and the substituent on the exocyclic nitrogen atom governs the ratio of these tautomers. Isomers with the alkyl group in the endocyclic position can be obtained from N-methyl(ethyl)thioureas. 2D NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations rationalize experimental results.
MOLECULAR GAS ALONG A BRIGHT Hα FILAMENT IN 2A 0335+096 REVEALED BY ALMA
Authors: Vantyghem A. N. , McNamara B. R. , Russell H. R. , Hogan M. T. , Edge A. C. , Nulsen P. E. J. , Fabian A. C. , Combes F. , Salomé P. , Baum S. A. , Donahue M. , Main R. A. , Murray N. W. , O’Connell R. W. , O’Dea C. P. , Oonk J. B. R. , Parrish I. J , Sanders J. S. , Tremblay G. , Voit G. M.
Published: November 2016

We present ALMA CO(1–0) and CO(3–2) observations of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in the 2A 0335+096 galaxy cluster (z = 0.0346). The total molecular gas mass of 1.13 ± 0.15 × 109
M
⊙ is divided into two components: a nuclear region and a 7 kpc long dusty filament. The central molecular gas component accounts for 3.2 ± 0.4 × 108
M
⊙ of the total supply of cold gas. Instead of forming a rotationally supported ring or disk, it is composed of two distinct, blueshifted clumps south of the nucleus and a series of low-significance redshifted clumps extending toward a nearby companion galaxy. The velocity of the redshifted clouds increases with radius to a value consistent with the companion galaxy, suggesting that an interaction between these galaxies <20 Myr ago disrupted a pre-existing molecular gas reservoir within the BCG. Most of the molecular gas, 7.8 ± 0.9 × 108
M
⊙, is located in the filament. The CO emission is co-spatial with a 104 K emission-line nebula and soft X-rays from 0.5 keV gas, indicating that the molecular gas has cooled out of the intracluster medium over a period of 25–100 Myr. The filament trails an X-ray cavity, suggesting that the gas has cooled from low-entropy gas that has been lifted out of the cluster core and become thermally unstable. We are unable to distinguish between inflow and outflow along the filament with the present data. Cloud velocities along the filament are consistent with gravitational free-fall near the plane of the sky, although their increasing blueshifts with radius are consistent with outflow.
r-PROCESS PRODUCTION SITES AS INFERRED FROM Eu ABUNDANCES IN DWARF GALAXIES
Authors: Beniamini Paz , Hotokezaka Kenta , Piran Tsvi
Published: November 2016

Recent observations of r-process material in ultrafaint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) shed light on the sources of these elements. Strong upper limits on the Eu mass in some UFDs, combined with detections of much larger masses in a UFD, Reticulum II, and other dwarf galaxies, imply that Eu production is dominated by rare events, and that the minimal Eu mass observed in any UFD is approximately the amount of Eu mass produced per event. This is consistent with other independent observations in the Galaxy. We estimate, using a model-independent likelihood analysis, the rate and Eu (Fe) mass produced per r-process (Fe production) event in dwarf galaxies, including classical dwarfs and UFDs. The mass and rate of the Fe production events are consistent with the normal core-collapse supernova (CCSN) scenario. The Eu mass per event is

, corresponding to a total r-process mass per event of

. The rate of r-process events is 2.5 × 10−4 < R
rp/SN < 1.4 × 10−3 as compared with the CCSN rate. These values are consistent with the total Eu mass observed in our own Galaxy, suggesting that the same mechanism is behind the production of r-process events in both dwarf galaxies and the Milky Way, and that it may be the dominant mechanism for production of r-process elements in the universe. The results are consistent with neutron star merger estimates but cannot rule out other rare core-collapse scenarios, provided that they produce significant amounts of r-process material per event.
EFFECTS OF FIELD-LINE TOPOLOGY ON ENERGY PROPAGATION IN THE CORONA
Authors: Candelaresi S. , Pontin D. I. , Hornig G.
Published: November 2016

We study the effect of photospheric footpoint motions on magnetic field structures containing magnetic nulls. The footpoint motions are prescribed on the photospheric boundary as a velocity field that entangles the magnetic field. We investigate the propagation of the injected energy, the conversion of energy, emergence of current layers, and other consequences of the nontrivial magnetic field topology in this situation. These boundary motions lead initially to an increase in magnetic and kinetic energy. Following this, the energy input from the photosphere is partially dissipated and partially transported out of the domain through the Poynting flux. The presence of separatrix layers and magnetic null points fundamentally alters the propagation behavior of disturbances from the photosphere into the corona. Depending on the field-line topology close to the photosphere, the energy is either trapped or free to propagate into the corona.
THE HIGH CADENCE TRANSIENT SURVEY (HITS). I. SURVEY DESIGN AND SUPERNOVA SHOCK BREAKOUT CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Förster F. , Maureira J. C. , Martín J. San , Hamuy M. , Martínez J. , Huijse P. , Cabrera G. , Galbany L. , Jaeger Th. de , González–Gaitán S. , Anderson J. P. , Kunkarayakti H. , Pignata G. , Bufano F. , Littín J. , Olivares F. , Medina G. , Smith R. C. , Vivas A. K. , Estévez P. A. , Muñoz R. , Vera E.
Published: November 2016

We present the first results of the High Cadence Transient Survey (HiTS), a survey for which the objective is to detect and follow-up optical transients with characteristic timescales from hours to days, especially the earliest hours of supernova (SN) explosions. HiTS uses the Dark Energy Camera and a custom pipeline for image subtraction, candidate filtering and candidate visualization, which runs in real-time to be able to react rapidly to the new transients. We discuss the survey design, the technical challenges associated with the real-time analysis of these large volumes of data and our first results. In our 2013, 2014, and 2015 campaigns, we detected more than 120 young SN candidates, but we did not find a clear signature from the short-lived SN shock breakouts (SBOs) originating after the core collapse of red supergiant stars, which was the initial science aim of this survey. Using the empirical distribution of limiting magnitudes from our observational campaigns, we measured the expected recovery fraction of randomly injected SN light curves, which included SBO optical peaks produced with models from Tominaga et al. (2011) and Nakar & Sari (2010). From this analysis, we cannot rule out the models from Tominaga et al. (2011) under any reasonable distributions of progenitor masses, but we can marginally rule out the brighter and longer-lived SBO models from Nakar & Sari (2010) under our best-guess distribution of progenitor masses. Finally, we highlight the implications of this work for future massive data sets produced by astronomical observatories, such as LSST.
DISCOVERY OF A PSEUDOBULGE GALAXY LAUNCHING POWERFUL RELATIVISTIC JETS
Authors: Kotilainen Jari K. , León-Tavares Jonathan , Olguín-Iglesias Alejandro , Baes Maarten , Anórve Christopher , Chavushyan Vahram , Carrasco Luis
Published: November 2016

Supermassive black holes launching plasma jets at close to the speed of light, producing gamma-rays, have ubiquitously been found to be hosted by massive elliptical galaxies. Since elliptical galaxies are generally believed to be built through galaxy mergers, active galactic nuclei (AGN) launching relativistic jets are associated with the latest stages of galaxy evolution. We have discovered a pseudobulge morphology in the host galaxy of the gamma-ray AGN PKS 2004-447. This is the first gamma-ray emitter radio-loud AGN found to have been launched from a system where both the black hole and host galaxy have been actively growing via secular processes. This is evidence of an alternative black hole–galaxy co-evolutionary path to develop powerful relativistic jets, which is not merger driven.
ALMA CYCLE 1 OBSERVATIONS OF THE HH46/47 MOLECULAR OUTFLOW: STRUCTURE, ENTRAINMENT, AND CORE IMPACT
Authors: Zhang Yichen , Arce Héctor G. , Mardones Diego , Cabrit Sylvie , Dunham Michael M. , Garay Guido , Noriega-Crespo Alberto , Offner Stella S. R. , Raga Alejandro C. , Corder Stuartt A.
Published: November 2016

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array Cycle 1 observations of the HH 46/47 molecular outflow using combined 12 m array and Atacama Compact Array observations. The improved angular resolution and sensitivity of our multi-line maps reveal structures that help us study the entrainment process in much more detail and allow us to obtain more precise estimates of outflow properties than in previous observations. We use

(1–0) and

(1–0) emission to correct for the

(1–0) optical depth to accurately estimate the outflow mass, momentum, and kinetic energy. This correction increases the estimates of the mass, momentum, and kinetic energy by factors of about 9, 5, and 2, respectively, with respect to estimates assuming optically thin emission. The new

and

data also allow us to trace denser and slower outflow material than that traced by the

maps, and they reveal an outflow cavity wall at very low velocities (as low as 0.2

with respect to the core’s central velocity). Adding the slower material traced only by

and

, there is another factor of three increase in the mass estimate and 50% increase in the momentum estimate. The estimated outflow properties indicate that the outflow is capable of dispersing the parent core within the typical lifetime of the embedded phase of a low-mass protostar and that it is responsible for a core-to-star efficiency of 1/4 to 1/3. We find that the outflow cavity wall is composed of multiple shells associated with a series of jet bow-shock events. Within about 3000 au of the protostar the

and

emission trace a circumstellar envelope with both rotation and infall motions, which we compare with a simple analytic model. The CS (2–1) emission reveals tentative evidence of a slowly moving rotating outflow, which we suggest is entrained not only poloidally but also toroidally by a disk wind that is launched from relatively large radii from the source.
Macedonian Medical Association â€“ Seventy Years from Its Establishment, 1945-2015
Authors: Donev Doncho
Published: November 2016

AIM: To present the phases of development and activities over the 70-year period of existence and work of the Macedonian Medical Association, from its establishment in 1945 to 2015.METHODS: A retrospective study based on available archive materials, encyclopaedias and other sources of information and reviews of the relevant literature, and personal experiences and observations of the author.RESULTS: Macedonian Medical Association was established on August 12, 1945, with science and health educational mission and program. Dr Boris Spirov was elected as the first president of the Association, one of the main initiators and facilitators of activities in health care sector, including the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje in March 1947. Over the past 70 years, the Association is the main carrier and has a key role and contribution in continuing medical education, vocational and scientific advancement of medical staff and improvement the dignity and reputation of the medical profession. The journal of the Association Macedonian Medical Review has contributed to spreading and advancement of knowledge and skills of modern medicine, as well as presenting professional and scientific achievements of physicians in the past 70 years. Macedonian Medical Association is a member of the World Medical Association and many other international associations and organisations contributing to international collaboration in education and science and promoting the Republic of Macedonia in Europe and worldwide.CONCLUSION:Macedonian Medical Association over the 70-year period of its existence has been one of the pillars and lighthouse in the healthcare system in the Republic of Macedonia with great contribution to the advancement of medical and related sciences and continuing medical education, strengthening of health services and health care for the population and overall socio-economic development of the Republic of Macedonia during the past 70 years.Â
La montée en puissance du système productif de guerre articulé autour de l’artillerie et des munitions
Authors: Bonin Hubert
Published: November 2016

La guerre économique et la guerre militaire s’entrecroisent sans cesse en 1914-1918 car l’état-major et les responsables des fronts expriment leurs besoins toujours renouvelés en quantité, en qualité et fiabilité, et en type d’armements et de munitions. Leur impatience est à la hauteur de leurs inquiétudes, surtout au moment des grandes batailles. Il s’agit de contrer la supériorité de l’artillerie allemande en accélérant le rythme des productions, en concevant de nouveaux modèles, plus puissants ou mieux adaptés à la variété des usages. Un système productif se renforce donc au fil des trimestres, mobilisant les arsenaux publics et les usines privées, eux-mêmes au cœur de réseaux de sous-traitants, tous revendiquant plus de matières premières et de main-d’œuvre.
La Première Guerre mondiale et le Chili : de la propagande et la maîtrise de l’information à la redéfinition de l’identité nationale
Authors: Domingo Enrique Fernández
Published: November 2016

Même si le territoire et la quasi-totalité de la population du Chili n’ont pas connu la souffrance de la mort et les destructions matérielles produites par les combats, le conflit mondial s’installe progressivement dans le quotidien de la société. La rivalité entre les belligérants se retrouve au Chili à différents niveaux. La question de la neutralité du pays fut un point de débat entre les membres des élites chiliennes. Dans le cadre de ce débat, face à un discours « occidentaliste », le discours nationaliste exprimait une redéfinition de l’identité chilienne basée sur un refus de plus en plus affirmé de l’adoption des modèles européens en tant que principes structurants de l’ordre, du progrès et de la civilisation.
Le râle agonique aux soins intensifs : une voix de souffrance en fin de vie ?
Authors: Perret Aurélie , Ricou Bara
Published: November 2016

Le râle agonique induit-il un inconfort ou une souffrance chez le patient ? Cette question reste débattue aussi bien dans la littérature que parmi les experts. Les études se rejoignent sur le fait que la plupart des proches sont affligés par sa présence. Celles concernant le personnel soignant qui travaille auprès des patients mourants montrent que le râle a aussi un impact négatif sur lui. La mort aux soins intensifs est particulière du fait qu’elle survient suite à une décision de retrait thérapeutique et est organisée par les soignants. La procédure d’extubation 1 dans ce contexte peut s’avérer traumatisante et nécessite une parfaite compréhension de la part des proches. Le personnel médico-infirmier doit être préparé à vivre ces moments difficiles pour eux-mêmes et en même temps à accompagner les proches. Quant à un traitement éventuel de ce râle agonique, certains auteurs prônent les aspirations et l’association d’anti-muscariniques avant l’extubation, alors que d’autres préconisent l’injection de methylprednisone. L’efficacité des médicaments ne serait tout au plus que de 50 %. Une version de mise à jour de la revue Cochrane conclu qu’il n’y a aucune preuve que toute intervention, pharmacologique ou non, soit supérieure au placebo dans le traitement du bruit du râle agonique. Il n’en reste pas moins que le râle du mourant est un symptôme souvent éprouvant à vivre pour la famille et les soignants. Il paraît ainsi important que toutes les personnes accompagnant le patient aient été préparées à l’extubation dans le processus de fin de vie et à la symptomatologie qui va en découler. Se pose alors un dilemme éthique d’un traitement imposé au patient pour soulager l’inconfort des familles et/ou des soignants.
Une indépendance équivoque : les nouveaux statuts des indépendants espagnols et français
Authors: Célérier Sylvie , Riesco-Sanz Alberto , Rolle Pierre
Published: November 2016

L’article compare les montages juridiques instaurés par l’Espagne et la France aux frontières du droit du travail et du droit commercial qui illustrent deux voies de réforme a priori distinctes en Europe. On y explicite d’abord la part prise par les deux États, puis le caractère paradoxal, équivoque, des statuts d’ indépendant-dépendant qu’ils ont favorisés. L’action publique, dans les deux cas, semble par ailleurs réagir aux événements plus qu’elle ne les oriente et la régulation opérée tient plus d’un « bricolage » circonstanciel que de l’exercice d’une volonté orientée, vers la modernisation par exemple.
Les « petits boulots » dans l’Espagne de la récession
Authors: Blavier Pierre
Published: November 2016

Cet article traite de la manière dont la montée du chômage à partir de 2008 en Espagne a eu des conséquences sur les petits boulots, définis comme ne répondant pas à l’« emploi typique » (CDI, fonctionnaire, indépendant) et qui sont pratiqués pour faire face à la récession. Pour cela, il s’appuie principalement sur une enquête ethnographique dans la région de Valencia et décrit plusieurs caractéristiques de ces petits boulots : une forte emprise sur la vie personnelle des travailleurs, de faibles rémunérations et des effets de décalage liés notamment à la concurrence entre natifs et immigrés.
Quels gains peut-on espérer d’une libéralisation de la migration ?
Authors: Machado Joël
Published: November 2016

Alors que les négociations sur le « Partenariat transatlantique de commerce et d’investissement (TTIP) » continuent avec les États-Unis, l’Europe durcit sa politique d’immigration. Par rapport aux faibles gains attendus d’une libéralisation du commerce transatlantique, les contraintes à la libre circulation des travailleurs représentent selon certains auteurs des pertes globales de plusieurs centaines de milliards de dollars. L’objectif de cet article est de passer en revue les études qui ont quantifié les gains d’efficacité attendus d’une telle libéralisation et d’en discuter les hypothèses et mécanismes sous-jacents. En supposant que celle-ci conduit à une convergence des salaires dans le monde, les premières études estimaient que la production mondiale pourrait augmenter de 50 % à 150 %. En revanche, certains travaux plus récents qui prennent en compte les préférences migratoires des individus offrent des résultats moins optimistes. Ils montrent que le volume de migrants dans un monde sans contraintes de mobilité a probablement été surestimé par le passé. Malgré cela, les gains attendus d’une libéralisation restent considérables, en particulier si celle-ci implique des externalités positives telles qu’une hausse des incitants à l’éducation. Classification JEL  : F6, F22
Règlement des différends dans le TTIP et ubérisation du droit
Authors: Katz Claude
Published: November 2016

L’article examine la manière dont les pourparlers concernant le TTIP sont conduits et, en particulier, les changements induits dans les procédures de résolution de conflit entre Etats et investisseurs. Il fait un parallèle avec la tendance récente de conduire des procédures judiciaires via des sites Internet et des logiciels gérés par des personnes qui ne sont pas soumises aux règles déontologiques strictes des avocats. Classification JEL  : K23, K41
Représenter les sportifs professionnels : entre militantisme apolitique et syndicalisme de service
Authors: Falcoz Marc , Lefèvre Nicolas
Published: November 2016

La presque totalité des disciplines sportives professionnelles constituées sous forme de ligue disposent d’organisations représentant leurs athlètes dont les structures enregistrent des taux d’adhésion largement supérieurs à ceux des grandes centrales syndicales. Pour autant, peu d’études portent à ce jour sur cette réalité et sur son fonctionnement. S’appuyant sur des entretiens menés avec des représentants syndicaux et une recherche documentaire, cette recherche tend à montrer que le syndicalisme sportif revêt une forme tout à fait particulière, loin de la figure typique d’un syndicalisme revendicatif et militant au service d’idéologies politiques et sociales. Les actions mises en place par ces organisations représentant les sportifs se construisent comme des « prestations utiles aux sportifs ». En se centrant avant tout autour et pour la discipline sportive, ces syndicats s’ancrent dans une logique de service catégoriel.
Perceptions des élèves au niveau du soutien de l’enseignant et de leur compétence dans trois contextes au mode de communication de l’évaluation sommative différent en éducation physique et sportive (EPS)
Authors: Allain Mélanie , Deriaz Daniel , Voisard Nicolas , Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa
Published: November 2016

Le but de cette étude est d’appréhender les effets du mode de communication de l’évaluation sommative (note certificative, note non certificative, pas de note) en éducation physique et sportive (EPS) sur deux facteurs psychologiques associés à l’apprentissage : la perception du soutien de l’enseignant et la compétence perçue dans l’activité physique. Au total, 3 296 élèves âgés de 12 à 18 ans ont été interrogés par questionnaire. Une MANOVA et des ANOVA ont été effectuées. Les résultats montrent qu’en l’absence de notation, les élèves perçoivent davantage de soutien de l’enseignant. De plus, les différences entre les filles et les garçons sont moindres au niveau de la perception du soutien de l’enseignant et de la compétence perçue dans l’activité physique. Le mode de communication de l’évaluation sommative en EPS (note ou pas) semble avoir des incidences sur les facteurs associés à l’apprentissage chez les élèves. Il serait intéressant de les investiguer davantage.
Une représentation de l’excellence en canoë-kayak : entre déification des athlètes et stéréotypes de genre
Authors: Hugedet Florian
Published: November 2016

Alors que la pratique sportive féminine suscite de nombreuses préoccupations au sein de la fédération française de canoë-kayak, les stéréotypes liés au genre sont confrontés aux valeurs essentiellement viriles de l’excellence dans le sport de compétition au travers de deux affiches réalisées dans le cadre de deux compétitions internationales. Les analyses plastique, iconographique et iconologique de ces deux visuels tendent à démontrer, d’une part, que la représentation de l’excellence est symbolisée par une déification des spectra (Barthes, 1981) qui s’exprime par des attributs guerriers faisant écho aux normes coubertiniennes du sport, et, d’autre part, que le versant féminin de cette notion est euphémisé par rapport à son homologue masculin.
Community Models of Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mullins Lindsay , Skemp Lisa E. , Maas Meridean L.
Published: November 2016

Nurse preparation and role in community models of care for older adults is not well documented. The purpose of the current structured scoping literature review was to identify nurse-led or nurse-involved community models of care for older adults, articulate the nurse's role and preparation in the model, and identify Triple Aim policy implications. Literature from 2008 through 2014 yielded 34 models identified in 51 articles. Twenty-one of 34 models were evaluated and none clearly articulated the full impact of a nurse role. Policy implications include: (a) consensus on degree preparation for nurses working in communities with older adults; (b) clearly defined nurse-sensitive measurements that capture the role of nursing in ambulatory and community care; (c) nonrestrictive scopes of practice for gerontological nurses and adult-gerontological nurse practitioners to extend their role beyond clinic settings; and (d) extending beyond value-based payment, which currently is largely physician awarded, and including additional Medicare and Medicaid policy to support nurses, community-level practice, and reimbursement. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 42
(12), 12–20.]
Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Persistent Pain Management in Older Adults: A Review
Authors: Bruckenthal Patricia , Marino Marie Ann , Snelling Lisa
Published: November 2016

Management of persistent pain in older adults is challenging given the prevalence of multiple comorbid painful conditions, polypharmacy, age-related changes restricting pharmacological options, and socioeconomic factors. The influences of these factors along with current concern for the use of opioid analgesics highlight the importance of incorporating complementary and integrative medicine approaches. Evidence suggests efficacy and satisfaction with integrating complementary pain management strategies for older adults, especially yoga, massage, and natural products. Nurses and other providers, given their emphasis on holistic care, are in a unique position to lead the transformation of pain management to a patient-centered, self-management style that integrates complementary therapies. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 42
(12), 40–48.]
Reiterar, adaptar, negociar: Sobre un reglamento para los hospitales de Cuba (1776)
Authors: Alzate Echeverri Adriana María
Published: November 2016

El artículo estudia el Reglamento para el gobierno interior, político y económico de los hospitales reales, que se estableció primero para Cuba y luego para toda la América española en 1776. Este documento es clave para comprender algunos de los proyectos que la Corona española tuvo con la institución hospitalaria en las Indias. El Reglamento buscaba proporcionar una estructura general dentro de la cual se desarrollaran las actividades administrativas, médicas, de cuidado, alimentación y asistencia espiritual dentro del hospital, al tiempo que reiteraba normas ya existentes, con un nuevo acento e intensidad. Pretendía, asimismo, ayudar a resolver una serie de litigios y debates que se presentaban entre diversos grupos sociales sobre cómo debería funcionar el establecimiento.
Field of View and Skill Training of Table Tennis Teaching Based on Virtual Environment Technology
Authors: Li Li
Published: November 2016

Focusing on the topic of improving the table tennis teaching quality with the visual field training, the test is to grab images repeatedly by using a camera in a speed of 119s, and the final result shows that it gets the correct hitting points on racket coordinating with correct racket angles, which verifies the effectiveness of the visual field training. Finally, it's concluded that the visual field training can improve the athletes' abilities of focus and judgment, and enhance their exercise stability.
Design of Interactive Teaching System for Color Design Course
Authors: Li Fang
Published: November 2016

To make it convenient for users of the standard color library to find the most similar color,the measurement method of color similarity is studied, and a different color model is built and an accurate color similarity judgment method is found. Regarding to the status of the color design course in secondary vocational schools, the significance of the development of this aid system for color design course is well explained in this paper, and finally the harmony among the three factors is realized: the establishment of the color emotion index, the style of the color language, the color scheme of the three-dimensional semantic space.
Application of Visual Interactive Concept Map in College English Writing Teaching
Authors: Ma Zhuan , Shi Lin
Published: November 2016

In order to solve the problem of students' poor thinking in English writing, this paper adopts the concept map method. The visual interactive concept map was tested in 6 levels and 9 types of universities. The test results indicate the method can stimulate students' interest in learning and improve their ability of autonomous learning and increasing the effect of college English writing teaching. The method can also stimulate students' interest in learning and improve their ability of autonomous learning and increasing the effect of college English writing teaching.
A Top-N Algorithm-based Personalized Learning Recommendation System for Digital Library
Authors: Gao Xin , Huang Wen-xue , Wang Ning , Yang Yan-chao , Yan Ying
Published: November 2016

The digital library brings convenience, but meanwhile, it also brings the problems of overloaded information and over-diversified forms,thus search becomes difficult. Personalized Learning Recommendation System is the key to solve the problems, and suitable for the situation with user diversification and demand diversification. With the System, users spend the least time and energy in accurately finding the information they need, where efficiency is improved to the greatest extent. The research conclusion of personalized learning recommendation system based on Top-N algorithm is based on the calculation of the experimental results from the analysis of the related theory and technology based on Top-N algorithm.
Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Distance Learning
Authors: Chang Xue-qin , Zhang Dao-hua , Jin Xin-xin
Published: November 2016

Virtual reality technology is a way for teachers and students to create a simulated three-dimensional world,a vivid and lifelike learning evironment for students in terms of vision, hearing and touch, having the students feel as participants of the virtual environment.A multi-user virtual campus system based on virtual reality technology is put forward in this paper, which includes the basic models, system structure and implementation scheme. The system is a simulation of real life in campus where students can take activities such as having class, doing exercises and making friends; and teacher can make lectures, review works of students and conduct examinations; managers can manage the daily teaching activities and students' affairs.
Quand l’História Geral da Civilização Brasileira rencontre ses critiques
Authors: Furtado André , Venancio Giselle Martins
Published: November 2016

Dans cet article, nous analysons une polémique historiographique qui a débuté en 1972 entre Sérgio Buarque de Holanda et Carlos Guilherme Mota à propos de textes écrits au cours de leur carrière, en particulier ceux rédigés pour, respectivement, la collection História Geral da Civilização Brasileira (Histoire générale de la civilisation brésilienne, HGCB), publiée par l’éditeur Difel, et la collection Debates (Débats), publiée par l’éditeur Perspectiva. Notre objectif est de tenter de comprendre les extensions de ce conflit en procédant à une « ethnographie » des ouvrages et des échanges qu’ils ont suscités.
De Combray à Rio de Janeiro : lectures et appropriations brésiliennes de Marcel Proust (1919-1958)
Authors: Sauthier Étienne
Published: November 2016

En 1919, À l’ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs offre à Marcel Proust le Prix Goncourt. En plus de consacrer son auteur en France, du jour au lendemain, le prestigieux prix le médiatise internationalement, transportant son nom aux quatre coins du monde. C’est dans ce contexte que l’œuvre de Proust arrive au Brésil en langue française, et que l’auteur est pour la première fois évoqué dans la presse de Rio de Janeiro. Après une introduction théorique autour des notions de transfert culturel, d’esthétique de la réception, et de mort de l’Auteur, cet article cherche à observer la diffusion, la réception puis la traduction de l’œuvre de Marcel Proust au Brésil, entre son entrée dans le pays et la publication en portugais du dernier volume d’À la recherche du temps perdu.
Preservation of Database Concepts
Authors: Locuratolo Elvira Immacolata
Published: November 2016

The algorithm for the integration of classes/concepts which results in an ontology suitable for the preservation of database classes/concepts is described. It has been designed by means of original research at the boundary between mathematics, computer science and concept theory. The input conceptual graph of this algorithm is determined as a solution of a data mining problem, which has been approached as inverse mapping of conceptual database design. Similarities and differences are discussed between an algorithm formalized in concept theory, which is not suitable for implementation, and the algorithm for the integration of classes/concepts, which exploits the benefits of database notations.
Expressing Needs of Digital Audio-Visual Applications in Different Communities of Practice for Long-Term Preservation
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Casarosa Vittore
Published: November 2016

Lack of awareness on preservation tools and applications is a big issue today. To solve it European Commission has initiated research project, Presto4U that aimed to enable semi-automatic matching of preservation tools with audio-visual needs. To express the audio-visual needs formally it has mapped a knowledge schema. The knowledge schema was first cut and needed evaluation in terms of its ability to represent the Needs of different communities of practice, classes, their association and ability to represent requirements of Audio-visual community through properties of its classes. This evaluative study is conducted through Qualitative research approach using Interview and Questionnaire. Open Archival Information System reference model is used as theoretical framework. Fourteen members from Europe of three communities of practice have provided their needs for analysis. Data was analysed through six stages. The study found that knowledge schema is useful to express the needs of communities of practice but collected data should easily fit into the structure of knowledge schema.
Digital Preservation of Cultural Heritage for Future Generations
Authors: Aggarwal Ashwani Kumar
Published: November 2016

Due to weathering and natural disasters, several cultural heritage buildings are devastated all around the world. It becomes necessary to preserve these historical monuments for future generations. Therefore, 3D modelling of historical monuments is a great tool to preserve these monuments as a digital heritage. The advantage of digital modelling of heritage sites also helps archaeologists to study the various aspects of that site while sitting at their own place without any need to travel to actual physical site. It saves time as well as reduces traveling cost. Moreover, many archaeologists can participate remotely to give their suggestions for future constructions. Also, digital archive of 3D models helps in restoration of devastated parts of buildings.
The Convergence of Critical Pedagogy with Arts-Based Service-Learning
Authors: Alexander Amanda , Schlemmer Ross H.
Published: November 2016

Neoliberal globalization and politics are reshaping the landscape in the United States and other countries; consequently, broader and more critical perspectives about education, community, and the arts are becoming increasingly more important. In the field of education, critical pedagogy has become a philosophy to expose, critique, and challenge neoliberal free market capitalism. Critical pedagogy becomes the link between local and global perspectives that reveals conditions of social and cultural injustices. Through socially engaged art education and service-learning initiatives, the authors have been engaging their students to become actively engaged citizens. This chapter offers a qualitative critique of the authors' own pedagogical practices through the convergence of critical pedagogy and arts-based service-learning by applying, adapting, and revising existing models of critical pedagogy such as Cipolle's (2010) “four elements of critical consciousness development” (p. 40) and Shor's (1992) methods for implementing critical pedagogy.
Critical Practices for Teaching and Learning in Global Contexts
Authors: Lopez Ann E. , Olan Elsie L.
Published: November 2016

This chapter examines critical practices and agency of teachers as they wrestle with issues of diversity in the teaching and learning process. Using a framework of transcultural education and culturally responsive teaching it draws on research conducted in Southern Ontario, Canada and Central Florida, areas with large and growing diverse populations. We posit that schools are sites of social learning and cultural border crossing, where dominant discourses must be disrupted and the lived experiences of diverse students brought into the center of the teaching and learning process. Through the use of narratives and critical reflection teachers critically examined ways to develop agency and take action to create change. The findings highlighted in this chapter have significance for experienced and novice teachers, teacher educators and faculties of education and school leaders who are seeking to address issues of diversity and equity in critical ways.
Juan Angel Chávez's Winded Rainbow
Authors: Paitz Kendra , Briggs Judith , Lomasney Kara , Schneider Adrielle
Published: November 2016

This chapter outlines the manner in which the work of Chicago-based artist Juan Angel Chávez was exhibited at a university art gallery and served as the platform for an educational outreach program that investigated issues of immigration, place, language, materiality, and environmental sustainability within a global culture. Working closely with both an Associate Professor of Art Education and the gallery's Senior Curator, two graduate teacher candidates in Art Education generated student-initiated learning experiences based on a model of curriculum creation developed and taught by visual arts educators in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The curator and graduate students implemented a local arts grant that enabled groups from secondary schools and a homeschool program to tour the gallery's exhibition of Chávez's work, participate in workshops in their classrooms, and exhibit their own artwork at the gallery.
FemTechNet Distributed Open Collaborative Course
Authors: Keifer-Boyd Karen T.
Published: November 2016

This chapter is about three pedagogical experiments: Performing Difference, Exquisite Engendering, and Feminist Mapping. Performing Difference is a project in which university students write and perform a conversation developed from their blog dialogue with students at another university about identity informed by readings, activities, and processes; and from dialogue on feminist disability studies informed by readings, videos, and other materials and activities. Exquisite Engendering is a pedagogical experiment in remixing virtual and physical issues of race, body, and difference into videos to teach elementary school children about social justice. Feminist Mapping is a pedagogical project that considers gender intersected with other identities in mapping places, concepts, and objects. These three pedagogical experiments are part of FemTechNet's Distributed Open Collaborative Course (DOCC), an approach to teaching that fosters dialogue to imagine, and then create, an equitable and socially just education.