bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHATSAPP GRUP SEBAGAI MEDIA KOMUNIKASI KULIAH ON LINE DENGAN E-LEARNING DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Purba Abdul Masri
Published: June 2022

Wabah covid 19 yang melanda seluruh indonesia belum juga usai sehingga pembelajaran tatap muka mahasiswa universitas muhammadiyah di tiadakan sementara sampai covid 19 menurun, namun demikian perkuliahn tetap dijalankan meskipun dalam keadaan demikian salah satunya komunikasi dengan smartphone mengunakan aplikasi whasapp gorup melalui media on line tersebut dapat berkomunikasi antara mahasiswa fakultas ilmu sosial dan politik universitas muhammadiyah untuk bisa menyampaikan kuliah menggunakan Elearning yang merupakan teknologi informasi pendidikan untuk mengaktifkan siswa belajar kapanpun dan dimanapun melalui pembelajaran elektronik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses penggunaan whatsapp grup sebagai pengantar media komunikasi kuliah on line dengan e-learning di masa pandemi covid 19 di universitas muhammadiyah sumatera utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Dalam pengumpulan data penelitian ini melakukan observasi terhadap whatshapp grup untuk masuk ke elearning. Sedangkan teknik analisi data penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah aplikasi media komukasi dengan 2 grup whatsapp efektif karena merupakan salah satu alternatif yang baik digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran on line untuk masuk ke learing.sehingga mahasisiwa menjadi aktif dalam eleraning malaupun tidak bertatap muka langsung.
TEORI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI, KONSTRUKTIVISME DAN NUMBER HEAD TOGETHER
Authors: Waruwu Adiline
Published: June 2022

Model pembelajaran adalah suatu pola atau rencana yang sudah direncanakan sedemikian rupa dan digunakan untuk menyusun kurikulum, mengatur materi pelajaran dan memberi petunjuk kepada pengajar di kelasnya. pembelajaran kooperatif adalah konsep yang lebih luas meliputi semua jenis kerja kelompok termasuk bentuk-bentuk yang lebih dipimpin oleh guru atau diarahkan oleh guru. Model pembelajaran Inkuiri (SPI) adalah rangkaian kegiatan pembelajaran yang menekankan pada proses berpikir secara kritis dan analitis untuk mencari dan menemukan sendiri jawaban dari suatu masalah yang dipertanyakan. Model Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme adalah model pembelajaran yang menekankan siswa untuk membentuk sendiri pengetahuannya secara aktif berdasarkan pengetahuan dan pengalaman. Model pembelajaran Number Head Together adalah model pembelajaran yang menitik beratkan kegiatan siswa pada diskusi kelompok.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE BERTUKAR PASANGAN
Authors: Daeli Saferia
Published: June 2022

Model pembelajaran tipe Bertukar Pasangan adalah merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan dalam proses belajar mengajar dengan menekankan pada pencarian pasangan masing-masing siswa untuk mendiskusikan atau membicarakan tugas yang diberikan oleh guru, yang kemudian bertukar pasangan lagi untuk memperkaya atau mencari kebenaran dari jawaban tugas yang diberikan oleh guru. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua siklus dimana untuk setiap siklus dimulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indoensia melalui penerapan model pembelajaran tipeBertukar Pasangan dan mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indoensia melalui penerapan model pembelajaran tipeBertukar Pasangan.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus s/d September 2017 di kelas VIII-I SMP Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli dengan jumlah siswa 15 orang, laki-laki 10 orang dan perempuan 5 orang. Hasil dari penelitian adalah hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran Bahasa Indoensia melalui penerapan model pembelajaran tipe Bertukar Pasangan meningkat, dimana pada akhir siklus rata-rata hasil belajar siswa 83 dengan persentase ketuntasan 80% dan rata-rata hasil refleksi pada akhir siklus mencapai 83% tergolong kategori baik, sehinggaproses pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indoensia terperbaiki melalui penerapan model pembelajaran tipe 27 Bertukar Pasangan.
ANALISIS MINAT DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAM GAMES TURNAMENTS
Authors: Telaumbanua Temasokhi
Published: June 2022

Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Games Turnaments merupakan model pembelajaran yang mudah diterapkan, melibatkan aktifitas seluruh siswa tanpa ada perbedaan status, melibatkan peran siswa sebagai tutor sebaya dan mengandung unsur permainan. Tujuan penelitian: (1) Untuk mendeskripsikan minat belajar siswa pada materi pokok statistika melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Games Turnaments (TGT). (2) Untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar siswa pada aspek pemahaman konsep, aspek penalaran dan komunikasi serta aspek pemecahan masalah khususnya sub materi pokok statistika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperati ftipe Team Games Turnaments (TGT). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Hiliduho dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII-A semester Ganjil Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022 yang berjumlah 30 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian eksperimen dengan paradigm kuantitatif, menggunakan desain Pre Eksperimental design dalam bentuk One Shot Case Study Instrumen penelitian: (1) Angket. (2) Tes hasil belajar
PELAKSANAAN METODE LECTURES VARY DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VII UNGGULAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK DI MTs. AL-WASHLIYAH TANJUNG MORAWA
Authors: Tusa’diyah Halimah , Azwar Lubis Muhammad Syukri
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan (1) Bagaimana pelaksanaan Metode Lactures Vary (ceramah bervariasi) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VII Unggulan pada mata pelajaran akidah akhlak di Mts. Al-Washliyah Tanjung Morawa, (2) Bagaimana kendala yang dihadapi oleh guru dalam  pelaksanaan metode lectures vary (ceramah bervariasi) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VII Unggulan pada mata pelajaran akidah akhlak di Mts. Al-Washliyah Tanjung Morawa. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Kualitatif yang dilaksanakan dengan di kelas VII Unggulan MTs. Al-Washliyah Tanjung Morawa. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis dtanya adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif yaitu redukasi data, sajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan  menggunakan metode lectures vary (ceramah bervariasi) pada mata pelajaran Akidah Akhlak materi Sifat-sifat Allah SWT dan Pembagiannya di kelas VII-Unggulan MTs. Al-Washliyah Tanjung Morawa dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar yang sangat baik semula hanya 9 orang yang tuntas menjadi 35 orang yang tuntas dengan nilai rata-rata 81,5. Penggunaan metode lectures vary pada mata pelajaran Akidah Akhlak materi Sifat-sifat Allah SWT, menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan perolehan nilai, keatifan siswa, penguasaan materi pembelajaran dan rasa percaya diri siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Adapun kendala yang ditemui guru dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan metode lectures vary yaitu: siswa kurang aktif dan kurang percaya diri, kondisi kelas yang kurang kondusif serta alokasi waktu yang kurang tepat. Adapun dari semua kendala tersebut guru dapat mengatasinya.
Implementation of the Personnel Management Information System (SIMPEG) at the Ministry of Religion of North Sumatra Province
Authors: Rahman Fathur , Soemitra Andri
Published: June 2022

Describing the activities of adopting and implementing Information Communication and Technology (ICT) as a tangible manifestation of renewal in the government environment is the purpose of this research. This is also a form of evidence of changes and standardization of each employee, especially related to prime play. One of its manifestations is the North Sumatra Provincial Government's initiative to implement the Personnel Management Information System (SIMPEG) at the Ministry of Religion of North Sumatra Province. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach by integrating primary and secondary data in order to analyze more deeply the implementation of SIMPEG. Therefore, as a recommendation is the need to increase the capacity of human resources through education and training including operational policies, budgets and network facilities.
Study on evaluation of ultrasound and CT scan in diagnosis of appendicitis
Authors: Naidu Avinash , Dhruwa Chandrashekhar
Published: June 2022

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is a common abdominal emergency with a lifetime prevalence of about 7 %. As the clinical diagnosis of AA remains a challenge to emergency physicians and surgeons, imaging modalities have gained major importance in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected AA. Objectives of this study: The objectives of this study was to compare CT scan and USG abdomen for the diagnosis of AA. Materials and Methods: Surgical pathology was considered the gold standard for calculation of sensitivities of CT and US. Radiographic results were evaluated to calculate sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPV). Case sheet information was abstracted to determine negative appendectomy (NA) rates, clinical and laboratory findings. Statistical Analysis: Sensitivity, PPV, and NA were calculated. When calculating sensitivity, ultrasounds in which the appendix was not visualized were negative. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Results: This study includes 200 patients who came in the department of radio diagnosis, for CT scan and USG abdomen during the study period of one year. Based on the inclusion criteria 47/100 were CT cohort and 68/100 were USG cohort.
Perfusion index as a predictor of hypotension following subarachnoid block in parturients with non-severe pre-eclampsia undergoing lower segment cesarean section
Authors: Malavika  , Aithal Rashmi R. , Shwetha G. , Surhonne Nethra , Rani Devika D. , Kannan Sudheesh
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims: Perfusion index, which assesses perfusion dynamics is used as a non‑invasive method in spinal anesthesia cases to detect the occurrence of hypotension. A Perfusion Index value after which hypotension is common can be assessed. Methods: In this prospective double-blind observational study, 100 parturients were included. Baseline Perfusion Index was recorded and spinal anesthesia was carried out with Injection bupivacaine 0.5% (hyperbaric), 10 mg at L3 - L4 / L2 - L3 intervertebral space. Fall in Systolic Blood Pressure < 20 % of baseline was defined as hypotension. Chi-Square test and independent sample t-test was used for the statistical analysis. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was applied to assess the correlation between baseline PI and hypotension. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was mapped for PI and the occurrence of hypotension. Results: The occurrence of hypotension in parturients with PI < 4.25 was 40.9% compared to 94.6% in parturients with PI > 4.25. There was a remarkable association between baseline PI > 4.25, the number of episodes of hypotension 53/100 (p-value < 0.0001) and the total dose of phenylephrine used 53/100 (p-value 0.02). T
Incidence of post-operative pain using three different endodontic preparation instruments
Authors: Handa Aashish , Bhullar Kanwalpreet Kaur , Bhagat Garish , Malhotra Shantun , Kaur Rupam , Kaur Arshdeep
Published: June 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of post-operative pain after cleaning and shaping with three file system using Hand, Rotary and Reciprocating motion in maxillary and mandibular molars. Materials and Method: A total 60 patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: in group 1 (n=20) teeth were prepared with hand protaper file system till F2 size. In group 2 (n=20) teeth were prepared with primary wave one gold and in group 3(n= 20) teeth were prepared with protaper gold file system till F2 size. The pre and post-operative pain score was noted using visual analog scale at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after preparation. Results: all the pre instrumentation pain values were higher than post-instrumentation. There was significant difference among the groups with highest post-operative incidence in wave one gold followed by hand protaper and protaper gold files after 12 hours. Conclusion: Post- operative pain was significantly lower in patients treated with rotary protaper gold as compared to wave one gold and hand protaper file systems.
Assessment of plasmin and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the patients with COVID-19
Authors: Al-Kufaishi Ali M.A. , Al-Mamouri Saja. R. K.
Published: June 2022

Aims of study: The purpose of this study is to compare the levels of plasmin, inducible nitric oxide, and nitric oxide in COVID-19 infection patients to a healthy control group, with a scientific interpretation of the predicted results. Methods: Data was collected from ninety people, divided into two groups: patients and controls, and a demographic study was conducted, which included age, gender, oxygen saturation, and BMI, with diabetes and asthma eliminated. The plasmin and inducible nitric oxide levels are estimated using the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) technique, and nitric oxide is measured using a spectrophotometer. Results: Patients with COVID-19 showed a substantial rise in the values of plasmin and inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme, as well as a decrease in the value of nitric oxide, when compared to healthy controls.
Evaluation of clinical spectrum and risk factors in young stroke patients at a tertiary level hospital, Patna, Bihar
Authors: Rai Anand Kumar , Janardan Janardan , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Ashok
Published: June 2022

Background: Stroke is the most frequent neurological disorder that results in long-term disability and has significant emotional and socioeconomic effects for patients, their families, and health-care providers. The strongest link between patient and the risk of stroke is age. The age-specific incidence of stroke rises steadily as people get older. Aim: To evaluate clinical spectrum and risk factors in young stroke patients and to study epidemiology and etiology of young stroke patients at a tertiary level hospital, Patna, Bihar.Methods and Materials: Detailed clinical history was taken. Patients were clinically evaluated Laboratory investigations parameters included CBC, RFT, LFT, APTT, PT, VDRL, Lipid profile, FBS, PPBS, HbA1C, viral marker. Autoimmune profile-ANA, APLA profile, vasculitis marker. CXR, ECG, 2D Echo, 24 hr holter. Neuromaging was carried out with the help of NCCT MRI MRA. Results: When there was analysis of prevalence of risk factors in the young stroke patients then the most prevalent risk factors were atherosclerotic changes. However there were other risk factors found in stroke patients like rheumatic heart disease, vasculopathies and connective tissue disorders like SLE. Mitochondrial disorders, genetic disorders, post tubercular infarcts, traumatic heart diseases, chronic and acute disorders of head and neck, risk factors related to postpartum. etc.
Evaluation of efficiency of complete dentures using bps, lecutonite & acrylic materials
Authors: Chellani Samarth , Shobana T , Nanda Krishna , Gottlieb Abhilasha Masih , Kumar Hemanth , Jain Sonal
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Type of materials used in fabrication of denture base has an effect on dimension during denture base material processing and other factors related to clinical use. The study aims were to assess the efficiency of complete dentures made using bps, lecutonite & acrylic materials. Material and Methods: Ninety patients were selected to construct complete dentures with bps, lecutonite & acrylic materials denture base materials. They were randomly divided into three groups: group 1, patients with bps; group 2, patients with heat curing acrylic resin fabricated by injection moulding technique and conventional methods; and group 3, patients with lecutonite. The dimensional changes were assessed using digital caliper. Results: After the twelfth month, injection moulding acrylic resin had significantly the highest dimensional change followed by the lecutonite. There were no significant differences in the dimensions between the three types of denture base materials at normal mouth temperature, while, after hot tea drinking at 45∘C, the dimensional change was significantly the highest in cobalt chrome metallic denture base group. Conclusion: BPS denture base has stable dimension compared to denture bases fabricated of lecutonite, acrylic resin but it was more affected by altered mouth temperature.
A stability indicating RP-HPLC method for related impurities of dexamethasone in tobramycin and dexamethasone otic suspension
Authors: Kumar Vala Kiran , Singh Anoop
Published: June 2022

A Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Related Impurities of Dexamethasone in Trobramycin and Dexamethasone Otic Suspension USP 0.3% and 0.1%. This RP-HPLC method is also validated for various parameters as per ICH guidelines. The system suitability parameters proved that the method is suitable for the quantification of Dexamethasone.  System suitability parameters were within the limits as indicated by good resolution. The precision was within the acceptance criteria of %RSD i.e., not more than 2%.  Linearity was observed in concentration range of LOQ to 200% and the Correlation coefficient was found to be within the limit. Accuracy was performed with the concentration ranges 50%, 100%, and 200% and was found to be within the limit i.e., 85 to 115%. Stability was evaluated by subjecting the ophthalmic suspension to thermal, acidic, basic, oxidative, and UV stress condition. Hence it can be concluded that the proposed method was a good approach for obtaining reliable results and can be used as a quality – control tool for routine analysis of Dexamethasone in Trobramycin and Dexamethasone Otic Suspension USP 0.3% and 0.1%.
Pembentukan Pondok Pemulihan Gizi dalam Upaya Pencegahan Balita Kurang Gizi dan Stunting di Desa Pakuncen Kecamatan Selomerto Kabupaten Wonosobo
Authors: Azizah Annisa Nur Wafiq , Hermawan Hermawan
Published: June 2022

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan kepada masyarakat umum, dan yang menjadi sasaran pengabdian adalah anak-anak usia 1 tahun hingga 5 tahun yang berada di Desa Pakuncen Kecamatan Selomerto. Gizi kurang sering dialami oleh balita, salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap masalah gizi kurang ini adalah masih rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pemeliharaan gizi balita, sehingga berdampak pada kurangnya konsumsi zat gizi anak. Konsumsi zat gizi yang kurang pada balita dapat berakibat terganggunya pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak serta melemahnya daya tahan tubuh terhadap infeksi. Keadaan ini akan memperburuk status gizi anak. PKM ini diusulkan karena mencermati masih banyaknya jumlah balita dengan gizi kurang dan stanting di Desa Pakuncen wilayah kerja Puskesmas Selomerto yang merupakan potret kecil dari masyarakat. Setiap kelompok kader posyandu selalu aktif dan bertugas menyiapkan makanan tambahan untuk balita yang datang sekaligus memberikan contoh menu sehat untuk pengunjung posyandu. Namun, berdasarkan informasi dari koordinator kader, makanan yang disiapkan cenderung monoton tanpa variasi yang menarik dan tanpa memperhatikan perbedaan kebutuhan balita tersebut. Menu MP-ASI dan PMT balita yang disajikan antara lain bubur kacang hijau, sesekali diberi bubur ayam. Hal ini disebabkan menu yang disajikan sesuai dengan sumber dari Puskesmas setempat yang harus ditunggu karena kendala ekonomi masyarakat setempat.
The Cinematic Depiction of Media’s Social Responsibility: An Analysis of Journalism Films
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India., Shree Ms. Garima
Published: June 2022

Journalism has been portrayed on the silver screen many times. Over the years, filmmakers have been attracted by the role of the journalist, and the news industry has been represented in a variety of ways in Indian cinema. This study examines how the concept and theory of ‘social responsibility of the media’ has been depicted in journalism films. In this context, it is imperative to understand that the professional practice of journalism in the past shows that the press has the responsibility to act in the public interest. Whether it is the role of the press in India’s freedom movement or the investigative function of the press in unearthing corruption and crime, the media has social duties and obligations towards society. Journalism and the media are often called the watchdogs of Indian democracy, and hence, it cannot be denied that society has some positive expectations from the media. These expectations go beyond journalism's obvious normative role(s). This paper will examine how the media’s social responsibility has been depicted in cinema. The researcher will do a thematic analysis of journalism films that portray the social responsibility of journalism. Research on popular culture portrayals is important because such portrayals cultivate popular perceptions as well as myths about journalism. Film theory suggests that films are a reflection of real-life (to some extent), and therefore, films play an important role in documenting the contemporary trends in journalism. This study is based on the theory of ‘film analysis’ to understand the relevance of cinematic representations of social responsibility in journalism.
Herbal cosmetics used by the tribes of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Suneetha Jonnakuti , Reddi T.V.V.
Published: June 2022

The present study deals with 59 species of plants used as herbal cosmetics by the tribes of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh.
An Effective multicriteria decision-making model for extraction of lithium from seawater/brine: Design and practice
Authors:   Faculty of computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt, Ismail Mahmoud
Published: June 2022

PROMETHEE II decision-making methodologies are integrated into a novel framework in this research. A real-world case study of lithium extraction techniques served as the basis for this investigation. Lithium extraction from brines and saltwater has become more difficult due to the limited natural resources of lithium and the worldwide desire to replace fossil fuels with clean and recyclable energy. Using a multi-criteria decision-making approach, the suggested framework aids in selecting the best lithium extraction procedure from brines and saltwater. A case study of lithium extraction from brines and saltwater has been used the findings of the study show that the suggested strategy is logical and enforceable.
Multi-criteria Decision Making Model for Industrial Arc Welding Robot
Authors:   Delta Higher Institute for Engineering amp; Technology, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Egypt., Osman Lobna
Published: June 2022

Industrial robots have made it possible for manufacturers to make elevated low-cost products, which are thus major elements of advanced production technologies. Welding, cleaning, assembling, dismantling, slotting for computer chips, labeling requirements, stacking pallets, quality inspection, and monitoring are just a few of the applications for robotic systems. All the features are completed with a high level of endurance, speed, and accuracy. Multiple and competing criteria must be assessed simultaneously in a comprehensive selection analysis to identify the effectiveness of robots. To provide an automated machine for such arc machining operation, simple multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique based on the COPRAS method is described in this work. The COPRAS method calculates significance weights using objective preferences and ranks the options. The COPRAS technique was used to determine the ranking order. The findings revealed that MCDM techniques for robot selection are extremely useful. The study's peculiarity is that it uses COPRAS MCDM approaches to select industrial arc welding robots.
A Novel Glowworm Swarm Optimization Driven Gated Recurrent Unit Enabled Botnet Detection in IIoT Environment
Authors:   School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, UK, Gaber Tarek ,   Department of Computer Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240003, Nigeria,   Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Awotunde Joseph Bamidele , Shieh Chin-Shiuh
Published: June 2022

Accurate and prompt detection of security attacks in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is important to reduce security risks. Since a massive number of IoT devices are placed over the globe and the quantity gets increased, an effective security solution is necessary. A botnet is a computer network comprising numerous hosts executing on standalone software. In this view, this article develops a novel Glowworm Swarm Optimization Driven Gated Recurrent Unit Enabled Botnet Detection (GSOGRU-BD) model in IIoT Environment. The presented GSOGRU-BD model intends to effectually identify the presence of botnet attacks in the IIoT environment. To do so, the GSOGRU-BD model initially pre-processed the input data to get rid of missing values. In addition, the GSOGRU-BD model involves the GRU model for the effective recognition and classification of botnets. Besides, the GSO algorithm is used for optimal hyperparameter tuning of the GRU model. Comparative experimental validation of the GSOGRU-BD model is tested using a benchmark dataset and the results reported the better outcomes for the GSOGRU-BD model.
Perovskite nickelate ionotronics for AI and brain-machine interfaces
Authors: Zhang Haitian
Published: June 2022

Human brain is the ultimate computing machine in nature. Creating brain-like devices that emulate how the brain works and can communicate with the brain is crucial for fabricating highly efficient computing circuits, monitoring the onset of diseases at early stages, and transferring information across brain-machine interfaces. Simultaneous transduction of ionic-electronic signals would be of particular interest in this context since ionic transmitters are the means of information transfer in human brain while traditional electronics utilize electrons or holes. In this perspective, we propose strongly correlated oxides (mainly focused on perovskite nickelates) as potential candidates for this purpose. The capability of reversibly accepting small ions and converting ionic signal to electrical signals renders perovskite nickelates strong candidates for neuromorphic computing and bioelectrical applications. We will discuss the mechanism behind the interplay between ionic doping and the resistivity modulation in perovskite nickelates. We will also present case studies of using the perovskite nickelates in neuromorphic computing and brain-machine interface applications. We then conclude by pointing out the challenges in this field and provide our perspectives. We hope the utilization of strong electron correlation in the perovskite nickelates will provide exciting new opportunities for future computation devices and brain-machine interfaces.
Mendukung Siswa Belajar dari Rumah melalui Pengembangan Media Audio Visual Berbasis Cerita Anak
Authors: Saputra Ady
Published: June 2022

Inisiatif pendidik dalam membuat media pembelajaran berbasis audio visual dapat berdampak terhadap semangat dan partisipasi belajar peserta didik dari rumah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan produk media audio visual berbasis cerita anak yang valid dan praktis dalam mendukung siswa belajar dari rumah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Research and Development (RnD) dengan model ADD (Analysis, Design, and Development). Subjek penelitian ini adalah enam orang validator ahli yang tersebar atas 2 orang validator ahli media dan 2 orang validator ahli materi serta 2 orang validator ahli bahasa. Instrumen Pengumpulan Data menggunakan angket validasi produk untuk memperoleh data. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari data validator ahli media mencapai presentase 87%, dan data validator ahli materi mencapai presentase 84% serta data validator ahli bahasa mencapai presentase 91%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka, pengembangan media audio visual berbasis cerita anak dikategorikan sangat layak untuk digunakan dengan hasil kesimpulan sahih dan praktis digunakan untuk mendukung siswa belajar dari rumah.
Sensitivity of Penman–Monteith estimates of reference evapotranspiration to errors in input climatic data
Authors: M. H. ALI  , A. K. M. ADHAM  , M. M. RAHMAN  , A.K. M. R. ISLAM
Published: June 2022

The Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation with its new definition of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is recommended by FAO as the standard method of crop water requirement calculation, and also to compare other methods. The ET0 component of the CROPWAT model, which is based on the P-M equation, was examined for sensitivity to errors in input data under the environment of a semi-humid sub-tropic region of Bangladesh. The results showed that the ET0 estimates are most sensitive to maximum temperature and least sensitive to minimum temperature. The order of sensitivity noticed is: maximum temperature > relative humidity > sunshine duration > wind speed > minimum temperature. The sensitivity coefficients showed seasonal variation. The model parameter‘Angstrom’s coefficients’ showed sensitivity to errors in single or pair values. The implications of sensitivity to ET0 estimates and in selecting appropriate method for ET0 estimation in a data-short environment are discussed.
Irrigation -yield response factor of winter wheat for different growth phases
Authors: M. H. ALI
Published: June 2022

The yield response factor of semi-dwarf winter wheat was determined from field experimental data conducted during three consecutive years (2002-03 to 2004-05). The yield response factor (ky) varies depending on growth phases and also among seasons. On an average, the ky for early, vegetative, booting-heading, and flowering-soft dough stages were 0.27, 0.21, 0.25, and 0.17, respectively. According to the value of yield response factor, the most sensitive growth stages were in the order: CRI> booting-heading>maximum tillering> flowering-soft dough. For the alternate deficit strategies (deficit at tillering + flowering –soft dough; deficit at CRI + booting-heading stages), the ky values were 0.77 and 0.61, respectively. For the whole growing period, the ky values were 1.58, 0.43, 2.29, and 0.61 for deficit at early, vegetative, booting-heading, and flowering-soft dough stages, respectively. The sensitivity index (lembda i, of Jensen model) for early, vegetative, booting-heading, and flowering-soft dough phases were 0.35, 0.22, 0.31, and 0.14, respectively. A more sensitive growth stage has a higher value of lambda i, and therefore water supply is more important at early and booting-heading phases.
Agro-topo climatological studies for crop planning- a case study for the northen hills agrocliamtic zone of Chhattisgarh state
Authors: A.S.R.A.S. SASTRI  , DIWAKAR NAIDU  , SOMNATH CHOUDHURY
Published: June 2022

In the Northern Hills agroclimatic zone in Chhattisgarh state (India), the soils are undulating with 15 per cent at the top to 0 per cent slope in the valley areas. Analysis of field hydrological conditions in different soils in the toposequence revealed that in the top (sandy) soils agroforestry is a better option while in the valley areas with continuously flowing water from Mid July to November, tall varieties of rice are only suitable. In the clay loam soils rice is the best suited crop while in sandy loam soils maize is an alternative crop for diversifying rice.

Local climate analysis indicated that it varies from near arid type climate at the top of the topo-sequence to near moist sub-humid conditions in the valley areas. Thus, the farmers in the zone need to plan from arid climate crops to moist sub-humid type crops like rice.
Rainfall variability and probability for crop planning at Madhepura in Bihar
Authors: SUCHIT K. RAI  , K. A. SINGH
Published: June 2022

Daily rainfall data of thirty years (1974-2004) have been analyzed for establishing the long term averages of weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall and its variability. July receives maximum rainfall of 386.5 mm followed by August (330.6 mm). The stable rainfall period was of 13 weeks spread over 25 to 37th standard meteorological weeks (SMW). The probability of receiving 10 and 20 mm of average weekly rainfall during 25 to 39th SMW exceeds 70%. At 75% probability level rainfall of 45.8 mm can be expected to occur during the month of May that can be utilized for summer ploughing or seedbed preparation for raising rice seedlings; maize sowing may be advanced to last week of April to first week of May. Sowing of jute and other crops (cowpea, groundnut, pigeon pea, black gram, direct sown rice etc) could also be performed in this region.
Climatic variability in Jhansi region of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: P. K. SINGH  , K.K. SINGH  , L. S. RATHORE  , A. K. BAXLA
Published: June 2022

The daily rainfall and temperature data 1969-2000 of Jhansi were analyzed to know seasonal and annual variability. Three distinct crop growth seasons kharif (26-41 SMW), rabi (42-15 SMW) and summer (16-25 SMW) were characterized for seasonal trends. The stable rainfall period was worked out. The annual and kharif rainfall showed a decrease in rainfall in recent decade (1984-1993). Trend analysis on rainfall reflects a decrease of 0.89 and 1.12 mm per year in annual and kharif season during past 35 years whereas no such specific trend was observed for rabi and summer seasons. The temperature variability was small indicating only minor year-to-year variations. However, during recent decade, the minimum temperature showed an increase of 0.05 and 0.13 ° C per year during annual and kharif season.
Rainfall pattern and moisture availability index in relation to rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop planning in eastern plateau region of India
Authors: P. BANIK  , R. C. SHARMA
Published: June 2022

Studies were undertaken to identify the quantum and distribution of rainfall with the frequency of dry spell occurrence during monsoon at Giridih, Jharkhand state, India. Rainfall at different confidence levels was calculated using mixed gamma distribution. The normal onset of monsoon at Giridih was 24th standard meteorological week (SMW) and the mean monsoon rainfall was 1112 mm. If monsoon onsets two weeks earlier (22nd SMW) than the normal (24th SMW) the total monsoonal rainfall was more than the normal with increased number of dry spells. The co-efficient of variation of June and September rainfall was very high. Moisture availability index (MAI) indicated possibility of rice cultivation from 25th SMW and the flowering stage of rice should be completed within 39th SMW (normal withdraw of monsoon). Thus to minimize crop failure, conventional cultivation of 135 ± 10 days rice could be replaced by 95 ± 10 days one, particularly in upland (without bund; direct seeded rice) and medium land (low bund land) situation.
Response of chickpea seed germination to varying temperatures
Authors: SURENDER SINGH  , DIWAN SINGH  , V.U.M. RAO
Published: June 2022

Fifteen cultivars of chickpea were evaluated by having vigour test viz. percent germination, shoot length, root length, dry matter per seedling, vigour index and growth rate index. These were determined in the laboratory of National Seed Project centered at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2005. The germination was below 90 per cent at 350C temperature in HC-3, HK-1, HC-1, H-208, Gora Hisari and H Gaurav cultivars. At 250C temperature, germination rate index was above 13.0 in most of the cultivars. Seed vigor (SG1) was maximum around 250C. It is concluded that temperature had a strong influence on the germination and seed vigour of different chickpea cultivars.
Optimum fertilizer in relation to seasonal rainfall in pearl millet and groundnut crops in semi-arid vertisol of Rajkot (Gujarat, India) region
Authors: K. N. AKBARI  , G. R. MARUTHI SANKAR  , V. D. VORA  , G. S. SUTARIA  , M. K. KHISTARIA  , D. R. PADMANI
Published: June 2022

A field experiment was conducted to select a sustainable treatment and optimize N in relation to seasonal rainfall for attaining maximum and economic yield of pearlmillet in a semi-arid Vertisol (Rajkot, Gujarat state, India). The treatments were different combinations of urea, green leaf and compost Crops was raised in eight seasons with permanent and rotation strip .Based on regression analysis, fertilizer N dose of 38 and 44 kg ha-1 at crop seasonal rainfall of 250 mm; 55 and 64 kg ha-1 at 500 mm; and 73 and 84 kg ha-1 at 750 mm was found to be optimum for targeting maximum yield of pearlmillet under permanent and rotation strips, respectively. Similarly, a dose of 25 and 29 kg ha-1 at 250 mm; 42 and 49 kg ha-1 at 500 mm; and 60 and 69 kg ha-1 a at 750 mm rainfall was optimum for attaining economic yield of pearlmillet under permanent and rotation strips, respectively in a semi-arid condition. Similar results were obtained with groundnut crop.
Evapotranspiration paradox at a semi-arid location in India
Authors: AVR KESAVA RAO  , SUHAS P. WANI
Published: June 2022

Paradox of decreasing evaporation and evapotranspiration under increasing temperature conditions in the semi-arid tropics assumes greater importance as agriculture in these areas is more vulnerable to climate change. Trends in annual reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) at Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh indicated a reduction of about 200 mm from 1850 mm to 1650 mm during the past 35 years. Contribution of energy balance term to the total ETo has shown an increasing trend while aerodynamic term has a decreasing trend. Wind speed has shown a strong negative trend leading to the dramatic fall of the aerodynamic term and consequently the ETo. Rate of reduction in evapotranspiration demand was about 10% for kharif (Jun-Oct) and about 14% for rabi (Nov-Feb). At Patancheru, measured temperature and solar radiation showed opposite trends and at locations where no measured solar radiation data available and if solar radiation is estimated from air temperature alone for use as an input in crop modelling, outputs under such conditions need to be interpreted with caution. Present study highlights the need for climate change impact studies at a local level in addition to those based on regional and global circulation models.
Estimating wheat productivity for north western plain zone of India in relation to spatial-thermal variation
Authors: U. S. SAIKIA  , B. VENKATSWARLU  , G.G.S.N. RAO  , G. R. KORWAR  , V.U.M. RAO  , N. N. SRIVASTAVA  , U. K. MANDAL  , B. GOSWAMI  , MANORANJAN KUMAR
Published: June 2022

The study aimed at quantifying the interaction of exposure of wheat to high thermal stress for a specific duration during the reproductive stage with yield over north western plain zones of India. Thermal stress duration of at least of continuous five days, where average daily temperature positively depart by ≥ 2 0C above long term normal were correlated with annual wheat yield, for two phenological stages, viz. late vegetative and reproductive, under the most ideal location, i.e. Ludhiana, and were extended to estimate yield in other locations through introduction of a thermal response factor. In the reproductive stage a 10 per cent reduction from the average yield was expected in 10 days of thermal stress for Hisar, 13 days for Karnal and 15 days for Kanpur if exposed to average stress temperature departure of above normal (4.20, 3.63 and 3.54 0C, respectively). Findings suggested that the locations with relatively cooler thermal regimes experience proportionately higher yield loss compared to relatively warmer places for same amount of thermal stress exposure. Besides, achievable wheat production in India may be limited by 1.170 to 2.392 million tonnes every year, if climate change scenarios are taken in to consideration. This simple procedure may be useful in estimating wheat yield in relation to spatially variable atmospheric thermal regime in spite of complexities and uncertainties involved in actual farm productions.
Effect of weather parameters on pest-disease of okra during summer season in middle Gujarat
Authors: SEVAK DAS  , VYAS PANDEY  , H. R. PATEL  , K. I. PATEL
Published: June 2022

To assess the impact of weather on pest-disease of okra, a field experiment was conducted in summer season 2009 in split plot design with five dates of sowing (D1 -15th February, D2 -1st March, D3 -15th March, D4 -1st April and D5 -15th April) and two spraying levels (S0-control, S1-spraying) at Agronomy Farm of B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. The results revealed that the infestation of pests and diseases was higher in delayed sowing as compared to early sowing resulting reduction in yield by 44.4%. Different weather parameters were found to have different effect on various pests and diseases. The correlation study revealed that the Tmax had significant influence on jassid population while relative humidity had significant influence on aphid population. The whitefly, percent fruit damage and YVMV disease were significantly influenced by most of the parameters. However, bright sunshine hours (BSS) and pan evaporation (EP) did not have significant influence on any of the pests and disease of okra. Linear simple regression models, multiple regression models and curvilinear regression models developed with various weather parameters. Among all models, the curvilinear regression model using GDD was found well fitted in order to explaining the maximum extent of variability (83** to 98**%) in the population and intensity of most of the pests and disease except whitefly which was well explained by linear regression developed with VPmean (R2 0.88**).
Thermal time requirements for phenophases of apple genotypes in Kullu valley
Authors: MOHAN SINGH  , H. S. BHATIA
Published: June 2022

A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Seobag (Kullu) from 2004 to 2010. The phenology of ten apple cultivars was observed on every second day on three plants of each cultivar with three replications from bud-bust, green-tip, pink-bud, full-bloom to physiological maturity. GDD, HTU, PTU, HYTU and heat use efficiency was computed from the meteorological data recorded from observatory and averaged of for ten years. Tydeman, commercial and Mollice has taken lower GDD for the physiological maturity but higher for attaining petal-fall. On an average apple required 330 GDD from bud bust to petal fall with 4oC as base temperature. Cultivars completing the rest period earlier used more thermal units and giving good fruit yields as compare to those breaking their dormancy later. Thermal units explain more than 75-99 % variation in fruit yield. Higher thermal use efficiency was observed for Starking Delicious and Vance Delicious followed by Top Red and Tydeman which may be encouraged among the growers.
Physico-chemical properties of guava fruits as influenced by solar radiation penetration in plants canopies
Authors: J. S. BRAR  , SOM PAL SINGH  , J. S. BAL
Published: June 2022

The study was conducted to observe the solar radiation distribution in different parts of 7- year’s old guava plants and its subsequent effect on fruit quality. The interception of solar radiation decreased markedly with the depth of plant canopy from top to bottom as well as with increase in plant density. More than 3/4th of incoming radiations were found to be intercepted by upper one meter periphery of guava plants irrespective of plant spacing. The fruit quality in terms of size, weight, TSS, vitamin C and overall palatability reduced significantly with the depth of plant canopy and decrease in plant spacing. The upper canopy fruits particularly of widely spaced plants were better than others. Winter season fruits were double in weight and more palatable as compared to rainy season fruits.
Comparative evaluation of WOFOST and ORYZA2000 models in simulating growth and development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Punjab
Authors: JOYDEEP MUKHERJEE  , LAKHWINDER SINGH  , GURJOT SINGH  , S.K. BAL  , HARPREET SINGH  , PRABHJYOT KAUR
Published: June 2022

Two simulation models, viz. WOFOST and ORYZA2000 were validated and compared to predict growth and productivity of 2 rice varieties (PR 116 and PR 118), under central plain regions of Punjab, India, during 2006-2008. The simulated values of dry weight of leaves, dry weight of stem, above ground biomass, leaf area index and grain yield did not differ significantly with observed values. Based on statistical evaluation of performance of crop simulation models, ORYZA2000 showed an advantage over WOFOST model in simulating crop growth parameters and grain yield of rice.
Validation of PRECIS baseline (1961-1990) simulation for middle Gujarat agroclimatic zone
Authors: M. M. LUNAGARIA  , H. R. PATEL  , A. V. SHAH  , S. B. YADAV  , B. I. KARANDE  , VYAS PANDEY
Published: June 2022

The simulated temperature and precipitation by PRECIS model for nearest grid points were compared with the observed data of Anand (22.58 °N, 72.92 °E) during baseline period (1960–1990) to judge the usability of the simulated climate data. It was found that the simulation of rainfall events by model were fairly accurate only for July with overall agreement index value of 0.79 with considerably high values of difference measures. PRECIS showed average performance in simulation of maximum temperature with overall agreement index value of 0.81. The error statistics and difference measures were average except January, February and July months for maximum temperature. The simulation performance of PRECIS for all months of the year and overall performance (with index of agreement ‘d’=0.96, r2=0.85, RMSE=2.36 and CV%=11.74%) was found excellent in case of minimum temperature prediction for the baseline period (1961-1990). Though, minimum temperature was slightly overestimated for February to May months.
Simulating impact of climate change on mustard (Brassica juncea) production in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: R. S. RANA  , A. B. BHOSALE  , RUCHI SOOD  , ROHIT SHARMA  , NAVELL CHANDER
Published: June 2022

The study examines the impact of climate change on mustard crop using. Info Crop simulation model after calibration and validation for Sub temperate and sub humid conditions. The IPCC-2004 seasonal climatic scenarios for temperature (0.74ºC for 2020 and 1.71ºC for 2050) for Himachal Pradesh were used to simulate impact of climate change scenarios. The days to flowering, days to physiological maturity and yield indicated the best fit. Under climate change scenarios, days to flowering and days to maturity showed reduction of 1 to 4 and 4 to 19 days for 2020 and 5 to 13 and 10 to 23 days for 2050 respectively due to elevated temperature and decreasing rainfall. The seed yield also showed decreasing trend ranging between 4 to 16% and 9 to 25% for the crop sown on October 10, October 20 and October 30 during 2020 and 2050 respectively. Late sown crop (November 9) showed an increase in seed yield to the tune of 1 to 12% and 12 to 17% for 2020 and 2050 respectively. Under present climatic scenario (2008-09), October 10 is the best planting window while advantage of increase in yield under late sown (November) conditions was observed during climate change scenarios 2020 and 2050. Hence, delayed sowing windows under elevated temperature proved beneficial under sub-humid and sub temperate climate of Himachal Pradesh.