bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Early Intervention in Gestural Communication in Chilean Children from Psychosocially At-Risk Backgrounds and Its Impact on Language Skills at 18 Months Old
Authors: Farkas Chamarrita
Published: April 2024

The emergence of symbolic gestures is a solid milestone in early childhood development. Interventions that intentionally promote them have contributed to children’s language, cognitive, and socioemotional development. However, these studies have mainly been conducted in the USA with middle-SES families, and such research has considerably decreased in recent years. This study aimed to assess the effects of an intentional intervention for promoting symbolic gestures in the expressive and comprehensive language of Chilean children who were aged 18 months. Sixty-nine highly psychosocially at-risk children were assessed at 5–9 months and then at 18 months. Teachers from half of the nurseries involved in the study received the intervention. The assessment included a report on the children’s gestural vocabulary, the CDI, and the language scale of BSID-III. The results showed that the children in the intervention group had a significantly greater gestural vocabulary at 18 months and they performed better in their expressive language than the children in the control group did. Additionally, this study aimed to analyze if this intervention affected children differentially in consideration of their language development (adequate and at-risk). The results showed that children with adequate development improved their language when they received the intervention, but those from the at-risk group did not. The implications of these results for the design of interventions at an early age are discussed while considering children from different sociocultural backgrounds and with different language development.
Prime Surprisal as a Tool for Assessing Error-Based Learning Theories: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fazekas Judit , Sala Giovanni , Pine Julian
Published: April 2024

Error-based learning theories of language acquisition are highly influential in language development research, yet the predictive learning mechanism they propose has proven difficult to test experimentally. Prime surprisal—the observation that structural priming is stronger following more surprising primes—has emerged as a promising methodology for resolving this issue as it tests a key prediction of error-based learning theories: surprising input leads to increased structure repetition as well as learning. However, as prime surprisal is a relatively new paradigm, it is worth evaluating how far this promise has been fulfilled. We have conducted a systemic review of PS studies to assess the strengths and limitations of existing approaches, with 13 contributions selected out of 66 search results. We found that alongside inconsistency in statistical power and how the level of surprisal is measured, the limited scope of current results cast doubt on whether PS can be used as a general tool to assess error-based learning. We suggest two key directions for future research: firstly, targeting the scope of the prime surprisal effect itself with reliable statistical power and appropriate surprisal measurements across a greater variety of languages and grammatical structures; and secondly, using the prime surprisal method as a tool to assess the scope of an error-based learning mechanism utilising conditions in which prime surprisal has been reliably established.
Management of Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A Comprehensive Review on the Old, the Classic and the Innovative Approaches
Authors: Fugazza Alessandro , Andreozzi Marta , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Insausti Agustin , Spadaccini Marco , Colombo Matteo , Carrara Silvia , Terrin Maria , De Marco Alessandro , Franchellucci Gianluca , Khalaf Kareem , Ketabi Moghadam Pardis , Ferrari Chiara , Anderloni Andrea , Capretti Giovanni , Nappo Gennaro , Zerbi Alessandro , Repici Alessandro
Published: April 2024

Gastrojejunostomy is the principal method of palliation for unresectable malignant gastric outlet obstructions (GOO). Gastrojejunostomy was traditionally performed as a surgical procedure with an open approach butrecently, notable progress in the development of minimally invasive procedures such as laparoscopic gastrojejunostomies have emerged. Additionally, advancements in endoscopic techniques, including endoscopic stenting (ES) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE), are becoming more prominent. ES involves the placement of self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) to restore luminal patency. ES is commonly the first choice for patients deemed unfit for surgery or at high surgical risk. However, although ES leads to rapid improvement of symptoms, it carries limitations like higher stent dysfunction rates and the need for frequent re-interventions. Recently, EUS-GE has emerged as a potential alternative, combining the minimally invasive nature of the endoscopic approach with the long-lasting effects of a gastrojejunostomy. Having reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of these different techniques, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review regarding the management of unresectable malignant GOO.
Global Chemical Characterization of Sargassum spp. Seaweeds from Different Locations on Caribbean Islands: A Screening of Organic Compounds and Heavy Metals Contents
Authors: Bauta Jérôme , Calbrix Elliot , Capblancq Sophie , Cecutti Christine , Peydecastaing Jérôme , Delgado Raynaud Christine , Rouilly Antoine , Simon Valérie , Vaca-Medina Guadalupe , Vandenbossche Virginie , Vedrenne Emeline , De Caro Pascale
Published: April 2024

Large-scale strandings of Sargassum spp. seaweeds occur annually on the beaches of the Caribbean islands and cause major environmental, health, and economic problems. In order to support an approach of valorisation of algae, an exhaustive characterisation of the composition of these seaweeds has been performed by analysing the contents in alginates, structural carbohydrates (fucans and glucans), minerals, proteins, lipids, mannitol, polyphenols, and heavy metals. Nine batches were collected at different harvesting sites over the years 2021 and 2022, to estimate the spatial and temporal variation in Sargassum composition. A batch of floats was harvested and analysed to estimate the differences in composition between floats and whole algae. Samples collected during the same year (floats or entire plant, freshly collected or stored) showed no significant differences in composition. However, slight differences were observed between batches collected in the two years. Some samples showed significant amounts of heavy metals, especially arsenic. A detailed structural carbohydrates analysis was carried out and discussed with literature data. As the nitrogen content of algae is an interesting parameter for food or agronomic uses, protein analysis enabled us to calculate a new nitrogen–protein conversion factor, specific to these algae species.
Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystal Films via RAFT Polymerization for Adsorption of PFAS
Authors: Gomri Chaimaa , Benkhaled Belkacem Tarek , Chaix Arnaud , Petit Eddy , Cretin Marc , Semsarilar Mona
Published: April 2024

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-based materials able to be functionalized following different approaches, which expands their range of applications. One such approach is surface-initiated polymerization, which involves the attachment of an initiator to the CNC’s surface to initiate the growth of the polymer. This work reports the modification of CNCs using the described approach. First, a CNC-based film was prepared, on which an initiator (RAFT agent) was grafted, and then (trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, a positively charged monomer, was polymerized using reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The CNC film was successfully modified and fully characterized. Different degrees of polymerization were targeted to emphasize the effect of the positively charged polymer and their chain length on the adsorption efficiency. The results showed that by increasing the chain length of the grafted polymer, up to 80% of both pollutants could be removed, with a faster adsorption of PFOS as compared to PFOA.
Germination Kinetics of Ferula communis L. Seeds, a Potentially Multipurpose-Use Wild Species
Authors: Distefano Miriam , Avola Giovanni , Berti Stefano , Riggi Ezio
Published: April 2024

Despite exhibiting intriguing features associated with its multipurpose applications and drought tolerance, Ferula communis remains a wild and uncultivated species, with limited experimental research on its biology, starting from seed germination and extending to its ecology. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential germination and kinetics in F. communis seeds in response to four cold stratification periods (0, 15, 45, and 90 days at a constant temperature of 5 °C) and four temperatures (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C) under continuous darkness. F. communis exhibited a pronounced germination potential exceeding 90%, with the optimal temperature for germination falling within the range of 5 °C to 15 °C, without necessitating cold stratification. A dramatic drop of the germination percentage was observed at 20 °C (<10%), suggesting a form of conditional dormancy attributed to the higher temperature tested.
Exploring the Impact of Smart Technologies on the Tourism Industry
Authors: Ionescu Ana-Maria , Sârbu Flavius Aurelian
Published: April 2024

The implementation of smart technologies in the tourism industry has become a new trend. This is aimed at enriching tourists’ experiences and improving their satisfaction. The purpose of the present paper is to enhance tourists’ experiences and to increase tourists’ satisfaction using smart technologies and to identify experts’ perspectives regarding the use of these technologies. This research was conducted using quantitative and qualitative research. In the process of data collection, the research involved a questionnaire which focused on tourists’ experiences with various smart technologies and their intentions to return to the visited region. An exploratory factor analysis was applied to determine the elements of satisfaction and their attribute levels in different Romanian touristic regions. This study employed an analysis of variance to determine whether groups with different reasons for visiting exhibit varying levels of satisfaction and whether the touristic regions under investigation generate differing levels of satisfaction. Cross-tabulation and a Pearson’s chi-square test were used to determine whether the tourists’ segment influenced their intention to revisit specific regions. The research was augmented using qualitative research based on the Delphi technique to identify experts’ opinion on the impact of smart tourism technologies on the Romanian tourism industry. This study presents a global perspective on the current situation of smart technologies in the Romanian tourism sector. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between tourists’ satisfaction and their perception of the value of smart technologies. The use of smart technologies has a positive impact on the experiences of tourists during all phases of their journey. Romania’s tourism capabilities can support the development of smart and sustainable tourism. Smart technologies have a double role in the tourism industry. They can enhance satisfaction by introducing new experiences while also improving the operational efficiency and sustainability of tourist destinations. The use of smart solutions will be essential in creating smooth and unforgettable tourist experiences as the industry develops. Their theoretical and practical implications are deduced. This paper provides valuable information not only for organizational practitioners considering the implementation of smart technology solutions, but also for academics wishing to develop this area of study.
Inclusiveness of Public Space: Experimental Approaches for the Revitalisation of Smaller Historic Urban Centres
Authors: Mamì Antonella
Published: April 2024

In recent decades, many small Italian historic centers—particularly those situated inland—have witnessed a population decline due to inadequate access to public services and facilities. However, this depopulation has also allowed many centers to retain their distinctive features, now conferring upon them great cultural–historical and landscape value. New quality-of-life-centered economic models present the development of accessible public services as a necessity. Such a process could catalyze the recovery and growth of these centers, which continue to be deserted, regardless of their value. This paper considers combined solutions, including sustainable mobility, digital accessibility, networked services, and technological devices by applying them to trans-scalar studies with the goal of achieving sustainable outcomes. Some of the proposed solutions are the resolution of irregular ground levels, the use of electric vehicles, the creation of sharing models, the physical overhaul of routes, and the retrofitting of minor buildings for inclusive use in a comprehensive human-centered approach toward regeneration. This study is in line with the European guidelines for sustainable and intelligent mobility, whose goal is for at least one hundred European cities to become accessible to all and shifted to zero-emission mobility. Here, sustainable and smart mobility is understood not only as an improvement of environmental and social conditions, but also as a catalyst for environmental and social improvements and as an opportunity to enhance the livability of smaller, geographically isolated historic centers, moving toward a new economy of urban reclamation.
Opportunistic Salpingectomy at the Time of General Surgery Procedures: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Current Knowledge
Authors: Verhoeff Kevin , Sorouri Kimia , Kung Janice Y. , Pin Sophia , Strickland Matt
Published: April 2024

Opportunistic salpingectomy (OS) for the primary prevention of ovarian cancer is performed by gynecologists. Advocates have suggested expanding its use to other surgical specialties. General surgeons are the other group to routinely perform intraperitoneal operations in women and could play a role in ovarian cancer prevention. Herein, we review the current evidence and perioperative factors requiring consideration prior to OS implementation in select general surgery cases. A systematic search was conducted for English-language studies evaluating OS during general surgery. The primary outcomes of this study were the feasibility and safety of OS during general surgery procedures. Secondary outcomes included pre-operative considerations (patient selection and the consent process), operative factors (technique and surgical specialty involvement), and post-operative factors (follow-up and management of operative complications). We evaluated 3977 studies, with 9 meeting the eligibility criteria. Few studies exist but preliminary evidence suggests relative safety, with no complication attributable to OS among 140 patients. Feasibility was reported in one study, which showed the capacity to perform OS in 98 out of 105 cholecystectomies (93.3%), while another study reported quick visualization of the fallopian tubes in >80% of cases. All patients in the included studies were undergoing elective procedures, including cholecystectomy, interval appendectomy, colorectal resection, bariatric surgery, and laparoscopic hernia repair. Studies only included patients ≥ 45 years old, and the mean age ranged from 49 to 67.5 years. Gynecologists were frequently involved during the consent and surgical procedures. OS represents a potential intervention to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. Ongoing studies evaluating the general surgeon’s understanding; the consent process; the feasibility, operative outcomes, and risks of OS; and surgeon training are required prior to consideration.
Legal Interpretations of Trauma: The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and Gender-Based Asylum Claims
Authors: Oxford Connie
Published: April 2024

This article is based on exploratory research on how the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals uses the language of trauma in gender-based asylum claims. Gender-based asylum claims include female genital mutilation (FGM), coercive population control (CPC) in the form of forced abortions and forced sterilizations, rape, forced marriage, and domestic violence. The Circuit Courts have reviewed appeals from petitioners with asylum claims since 1946, yet the language of trauma did not appear in the Court’s decisions until 1983. From 1983 to 2023, only 385, 3.85% or less, of the over 10,000 asylum cases before the Circuit Courts used the language of trauma in its legal interpretation of persecution. I have identified 101 gender-based asylum cases that were reviewed by one of the eleven U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that apply the language of trauma in its legal interpretation of persecution for this analysis. The research question guiding this study is: how does the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals use the language of trauma when reviewing gender-based asylum cases? This study found that U.S. Circuit Courts use the language of trauma in four ways: precedent cases, policies and reports, physical trauma, and psychological trauma when reviewing gender-based asylum claims. This study provides the first data set of gender-based asylum claims under review at the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that use the language of trauma.
Efficacy of organization management in the context of digital transformation philosophy
Authors:   Academy of Military Sciences of the Russian Federation, Higher School of Industrial Policy and Entrepreneurship, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Dadalko V.A. , Le S. ,   Higher School of Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Dadalko S.V. ,   Department of Economics and Management, International University "MITSO", Minsk, Belarus
Published: April 2024

Assessing the effectiveness of organization management is one of the most important economic tasks. It is of particular relevance at the present stage of economic development, complicated by fierce competition, uncertainty in the external environment, shortage of raw materials, globalization of business, and modern challenges. Digital transformation helps to identify weakest and strongest points for Russian and Belarusian companies that find themselves under sanctions and formulate the right approaches to increasing efficiency by eliminating barriers in selected areas of activity. Research shows that today new business models are needed to effectively manage an organization so that manufacturers can shape their potential and value to consumers meeting their expectations.
Author’s personality in daily life and art: research methodology
Authors:   Sector of Interdisciplinary Problems of Scientific and Technical Development, Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rozin V. M.
Published: April 2024

This article presents a description of the methodology used by the author of the book about the lives of Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Chekhov, Tsvetaeva, Rainis, Sviridov, and Yakhina, related to the philosophy of everyday life. For the author, as one of the first participants in the Moscow Methodological Circle, and now in the methodological movement, the issue of methodology is fundamental; in fact, it constitutes an implicit subject of the research based on the ideas of the humanitarian approach, semiotics, and cultural studies. The article is of interest within the framework of such majors as Linguistics and Cultural Studies and the discipline “Theory and Methodology of Scientific Research”.
IMPROVING THE OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF GAS GENERATOR AUTOTRANSRORT FACILITIES
Authors:   Lugansk State University, Chizhevskaya Darya Yurievna , Nikitin Yuri Nikolaevich ,   Lugansk State University, Silyanov Valentin Vasilyevich ,   Moscow Automobile and Road State Technical University, Yakovenko Valery Vladimirovich ,   Lugansk State University
Published: April 2024

The paper considers the possibility of using GAZELLE cars with an automated spark engine power system producing generator gas obtained by gasification of pellet fuel made from pine wood waste and polyethylene. An automatic power supply system for a gas generator car with an extended base GAZ-33104 «Valdai» with a power plant UMZ-4216 Euro-4 has been developed, which allows to use a fuel mixture consisting of 70% generator gas and 30% gasoline to prevent spark engine failures.
EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR ATTRACTING CUSTOMERS TO THE CAR SERVICE
Authors:   JV «BUSINESS CAR» LLC, Grishin Aleksandr Sergeevich , Sarbaev Vladimir Ivanovich ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, Tzjovanniss Simos ,   Moscow Polytechnic University
Published: April 2024

The article discusses effective technologies for attracting customers. The classification of technologies is carried out, the main indicators of the effectiveness of Internet technologies for attracting customers to the car service are highlighted. A business process for planning and con-trolling the marketing budget of a car service has been developed. A methodology for selecting ad-vertising agencies to provide services to attract customers to the car service has been developed. The interrelation of the company's strategy with customer attraction activities is shown.
STABILIZATION OF TRACTION QUALITIES OF LOCOMOTIVES BY MAGNETIC WHEEL-RAIL COUPLING AMPLIFIERS
Authors:   Russian University of Transport, Korchagin Vadim Olegovich , Kosmodamiansky Andrey Sergeevich ,   Russian University of Transport, Vorobyov Vladimir Ivanovich ,   Bryansk State Technical University
Published: April 2024

This article defines the modes of operation of magnetic amplifiers to increase the coupling of wheels of shunting locomotives with rails at low speeds. The power consumption and the increase in the thrust force were determined, as well as the corresponding calculations were made and graphical dependencies were constructed.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN ROAD TRANSPORT
Authors:   Belarusian national technical University, Мaisak Oksana Ivanovna
Published: April 2024

The possibility of using digital technologies in road transport is considered. The main advantages and disadvantages are given, as well as the transport industries in which they are applicable.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPORTATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS BY ROAD
Authors:   Saratov State Technical University, Terentyev Anton Sergeevich , Gusev Sergey Alexandrovich ,   Saratov State Technical University, Guseva Inna Andreevna ,   Saratov State Technical University
Published: April 2024

The article considers a model for optimizing the route of transportation of various dangerous goods, taking into account the equality of risks in an uncertain environment. The risks associated with traffic accidents are identified, as well as data on the number of accidents. A model is proposed, which is built in an uncertain environment, a multi-criteria genetic algorithm based on linear weighting is developed to solve the problem.
RESEARCH OF TRANSPORT PLANNING AND DESIGN OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED CITIES BASED ON AN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Sheng Jingxiang
Published: April 2024

With the growth of motorization and the increase in the urban population, the problem of mobility is becoming more and more serious. Transport-related difficulties, such as traffic jams and long travel times, not only affect people's lives, but also have serious economic consequences. Through a comprehensive baseline survey of the current traffic patterns in small and medium towns, we are gaining a more complete and accurate understanding of the spatial and temporal changes and existing traffic problems associated with traffic in small and medium towns. Based on traditional traffic planning methods, combined with an intelligent traffic management system, the intelligent improvement of traffic in small and medium cities in the PRC is proposed, and a road planning improvement plan is proposed to solve the traffic problems existing in small and medium cities and improve efficiency. as a way to solve transport problems.
PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT IN THE CITY OF BELGOROD
Authors:   Orel State University, Novikov Alexander Nikolaevich , Miroshnikov Evgeny Vladimirovich ,   The Government of the Belgorod region
Published: April 2024

Within the framework of the presented research, the issues of the fundamental principles of the implementation of intelligent traffic management are considered. Innovative mechanisms for monitoring traffic speeds and traffic intensity, tracking car routes implemented within the framework of the intelligent transport system of the Belgorod urban agglomeration are presented. The positive effect of the implementation of these software and hardware complexes on key sections of the road network is calculated.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF FORECASTING TRANSPORTATION VOLUME USING NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Zyryanov Vladimir Vasilievich , Semchugova Elena Yurievna ,   Don State Technical University, Karaeva Marina Ruslanovna ,   Don State Technical University, Kostenko Anastasia Alexandrovna ,   Don State Technical University
Published: April 2024

Organization management requires solving many problems, one of which is planning the volume of transportation of manufactured products. The purpose of the study is to improve the forecasting methodology by improving the accuracy of the forecast when planning the volume of cargo transportation, taking into account the seasonal changes in the studied transportation by road.Improving the quality of forecasting transport demand is currently possible using the advan-tages of artificial intelligence, which is developing at a rapid pace and is used in various sectors of the economy. The possibility of using artificial neural networks for planning road freight transportation is analyzed. The information base of the study was compiled, the stages of planning were described, an example of calculations of the forecasted traffic volumes was presented, forecast errors were calculated.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE BEE COLONY ALGORITHM AND YANDEX ROUTING IN THE ASPECT OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF TRANSPORT ROUTING
Authors:   Nizhniy Novgorod State Technical University, Karetnikova Maria Pavlovna , Masleev Alexander Ivanovich ,   Nizhniy Novgorod State Technical University, Kulyazin Andrey Dmitrievich ,   Nizhniy Novgorod State Technical University, Kozinov Dmitriy Yurievich ,   Nizhniy Novgorod State Technical University
Published: April 2024

The paper considers one of the meta-heuristic methods for the VRP problem – the bee algorithm. Its variations are given. The algorithm of the method, its mathematical model and comparing with Yandex Routing. The stage of algoritmiztion are considered in AnyLogic professional modeling environment.
METHODOLOGY OF FORMING THE BOUNDARIES OF PASSIVE SAFETY LEVELS IN THE TASKS OF EXPERT PREVENTIONOF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Vasiliev Yaroslav Vladimirovich , Alekseev Mikhail Dmitrievich ,   St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Novikov Alexander Nikolaevich ,   Orel State University, Mikhalyova Darya Sergeyevna ,   Orel State University
Published: April 2024

The existing methodological apparatus of expert prevention of accidents related to collision with poles and supports of road signs is considered, the problems are revealed. The methodology of forming the boundaries of passive safety levels is proposed on the example of expert prevention of accidents associated with collision with obstacles with a small area of the contact zone. The data on on-board event registration devices are analyzed, a series of numerical experi-ments, a series of experimental numerical simulations (collisions) are performed. The use of ranking into groups of protection against the risk of head injury of the HIC index is proposed.
THE RESULTS OF A FULL-SCALE EXPERIMENT TO ESTABLISH THE DEPENDENCE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE POWER CONSUMPTION ON EXTERNAL FACTORS
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Belyaev Dmitry Sergeevich , Genson Evgeny Mikhailovich ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Lobov Nikolay Vladimirovich ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Vakhrushev Matvey Alexandrovich ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the problems of operation of cars with an electric power plant in country mode. In the course of the work, a full-scale experiment was planned and conducted to establish the quantitative dependence of changes in the power consumption of an electric vehicle on external factors: speed of movement and ambient temperature. It is established that an increase in the speed from 70 to 110 km / h will lead to an increase in power consumption by more than 4 times. At the same time, the ambient air temperature has less influence and an increase in ambient air temperature by 15° C, the power consumption during operation increases by 17,6%.
Kesepakatan Nuklir Iran 14 Juli 2015 Sebagai Model Perundingan Minilateral yang Efektif Meredam Dinamika Politik dan Keamanan Kawasan
Authors: Danieladi Wim Tohari
Published: April 2024

Minilateralisme adalah sebuah konsep hubungan internasional yang melibatkan sekelompok kecil negara yang berkolaborasi untuk mengatasi masalah atau mencapai tujuan bersama. Pada prakteknya, minilateralisme memang memiliki kelemahan. Salah satu risikonya adalah bahwa hal ini dapat bersifat eksklusif dan memperburuk ketidakseimbangan kekuasaan sehingga berpotensi mengutamakan kepentingan jangka pendek dibandingkan tujuan jangka panjang. Meski demikian, manfaat minilateralisme lebih besar daripada kelemahannya. Dimana minilateralisme adalah pendekatan yang lebih cerdas dan tepat sasaran, yaitu menghadirkan sejumlah kecil negara yang diperlukan agar dapat memberikan dampak sebesar-besarnya dalam penyelesaian suatu masalah tertentu. Inilah angka ajaib (magic number) minilateralisme, yang tentu saja akan sangat bervariasi, tergantung masalahnya. Dalam kasus kesepakatan Nuklir Iran 14 Juli 2014, konsep minilateralisme ini menunjukan keajaibannya. Dimana ketergangan yang sudah berlangsung lebih dari empat decade antara Amerika Serikat dan sekutunya dengan Iran, berhasil mencapai common interest untuk menghasilkan kesepakatan yang optimal.

Kata kunci—Common Interest, Iran 14 Juli 2014, Kesepakatan Nuklir, Konstruktivisme, Minilateralisme, Multilateralisme
THE DEATH OF XANDA THE LION DIDN’T MAKE SENSE: TRAUMA DUE TO FORCED MIGRATION AND WAR IN CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN WRITING
Authors:   Yeditepe University, Turkey, Karakaya Ali
Published: April 2024

Recent wars, annexation, and separatist movements in Ukraine have led people to leave their homes in the search of a safe place to live. This has been overly visible after the February 2022 invasion by Russia, but has been present and had many instances since the spring of 2014. These forced migrations and their imprints on individuals, families, and subsequently, the nation are common things to see among popular trauma narratives of Ukrainian literature as the Ukrainian nation has been subjected to many events throughout centuries like the Holodomor, two world wars, and colonial oppression. As the events affected the nation as a whole rather than individuals, the traditional psychological method of reflection on the past fails to help millions of people to cope with their traumatic exposure. For this, the historical trauma idea in the context of the historical memory concept is used as a tool to analyze large-scale traumas in the sociological/cultural sense and literature acts as a tool for the much-needed talking through for the nation. This paper examines the correlation between historical trauma and forced migration events that happened between 2014-2022 by analyzing narratives about trauma and traumatized individuals in Ukrainian writing in the scope of Olena Stiazhkina’s Smert’ leva Sesila mala sens (Ukrainian: The Death of Cecil the Lion Made Sense). (All translations from Ukrainian and Russian have been done by the present author unless otherwise stated). Keywords: Historical trauma, forced migration, post-colonial trauma, Olena Stiazhkina, Smert leva Sesila mala sens
STATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF BALANCED (SUSTAINABLE) DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Lopushynskyi Ivan , Plyusch Ruslan , Pronina Oksana
Published: April 2024

The article examines the problems of formation and implementation of the state environmental policy of Ukraine in the context of balanced (sustainable) development; an analysis of legal acts aimed at the development and implementation of the state environmental policy in Ukraine was carried out, in particular the Law of Ukraine dated February 28, 2019 No. 2697-VIII «On the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the Period Until 2030», Decree of the President of Ukraine dated March 23, 2021 No. 111/2021 «On the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine dated March 23, 2021 «On challenges and threats to the national security of Ukraine in the environmental sphere and priority measures to neutralize them» and the National Environmental Protection Action Plan for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated April 21, 2021 No. 443-р; the performance of the specified state documents by state authorities and local self-government bodies during 2021-2022 was analyzed; conclusions were made about the need to strengthen the work of all authorities, both state and local, despite the long military operations on the territory of the country, regarding the implementation of the state environmental policy, which will contribute to the proper implementation of the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated September 30, 2019 No. 722/2019 «On Goals sustainable development of Ukraine for the period until 2030» both at the state, regional and local levels.
DECENTRALIZATION AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE: EXPERIENCE OF THE EU COUNTRIES
Authors: Yevchenko Veronika , Terenyak Liliya
Published: April 2024

The analysis of modern Ukrainian political and legal research suggests that the theory is dominated by the understanding of the territorial organization of power according to which the territorial community is the basis for the organization of the system of community development management. According to the researchers, it is the excessive number of small administrative-territorial units of the basic level that has determined the need for reform. The lack of the necessary economic and human resources makes it impossible for basic local government units to effectively exercise their powers. The main problem of decentralization is that the creation of new territorial communities did not take into account resource provision, transportation tasks, and economic and geographical zoning in general. The author analyzes and compares the experience of EU countries in decentralization. To ensure a favorable climate for the decentralization process, special regional development institutions have been created in different countries as executive bodies that assist various departmental structures in their activities, and these can also be independent institutions for the development of regional development programs and fund management, public non-profit organizations, and other non-governmental organizations working in partnership with government institutions. Today, in the context of war, our state as a whole and each individual territorial community in particular lives by different principles, budgets are formed and used in a completely different way, many projects have been suspended, funds allocated for them have been redirected to other areas, and mass migration has taken place both within the country and abroad.

The article reveals that, according to the researchers, an excessive number of small administrative-territorial units of the basic level determined the need for decentralization reform. It is found that the main problem of decentralization is that the creation of new territorial communities did not take into account resource provision, transportation tasks, and economic and geographical zoning in general. The author analyzes and compares the experience of EU countries on decentralization issues. It is determined that the goals and objectives of the state policy on reform and decentralization are formed and coordinated with each other, they are specified in various programs and regulations. It can be argued that, in general, Ukraine is moving in the right direction in terms of reforming local self-government and territorial organization of power and covers all socially important areas.
SUBJECT-OBJECT DIRECTION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PROBLEMS: METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF FORMULATION AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM
Authors: Moroz Volodymyr , Tyshchuk Oleksiy , Moroz Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

The article actualizes the methodological problem of specifying the directions of scientific researches in the specialty «Public Administration and Governance» in the third year of higher education. The relevant problem is considered through the prism of the absence of an officially approved standard of higher education at the educational and scientific level in the relevant specialty. Attention is drawn to the fact that the organization of scientific researches in the field of knowledge «Public Administration and Governance», in contrast to the researches carried out within the field of science «Public Administration» are carried out by applicants for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy without ensuring compliance of the content of qualification work with any directions of scientific research institutionalized at the state level. The article substantiates the fundamental difference between the methodological support of the applicant's choice of a scientific degree of subject-object direction of scientific research which is carried out in the field of knowledge «Public Administration and Governance» and in the field of science «Public Administration». Attention is drawn to the fact of absence of officially institutionalized at the state level for the field of knowledge «Public Administration and Governance» directions of organization of scientific research becomes the reason for actualization of risks of incorrect choice by the applicant for the degree «Doctor of Philosophy» of the focus of his scientific research. In contrast, a researcher who prepares a qualification work within the field of science «Public Administration», for example, the applicant for a doctoral degree in public administration, despite their conceptual maturity as a scientist, has a completely exhaustive list of research areas within the officially approved specialty passports. It is proposed to solve the problem of inconsistency of the researcher's previous research experience with the level of methodological support for the choice of the subject-object direction of scientific research through the prism of expanding (changing) the list of specialties within the field of knowledge «Public Administration and Management» and/or providing for separate specializations within the existing specialty. On the one hand, such a step, will allow to order the directions of scientific researches in accordance with the focus of attention of a particular field of knowledge, and on the other hand, it will contribute to improving of the quality of preparation and conducting of scientific research. The indirect result of expanding (changing) the list of specialties within the field of knowledge «Public Administration and Governance» may be its further development, for example, in the direction of ensuring correlation with the field of science «Public Administration».
REGULATORY AND LEGAL SUPPORT OF THE FUNCTIONING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND PROVISION OF TRANSPORT SERVICES TO THE POPULATION OF CITIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Vasylieva Oleksandra , Veliev Tymur
Published: April 2024

The article substantiates the need for regulatory support for solving problems with the functioning of public transport, as well as for the provision of transport services in cities of Ukraine in the conditions of post-war reconstruction. It is noted that one of the priority areas of the reconstruction plan is transport infrastructure. It is noted that the peculiarity of urban transport is that it can be in state, communal and private property. Therefore, the difficulty is that the impact on the state and private carrier by local governments is quite limited. It is noted that at the same time, local public authorities have the opportunity to influence transport service providers by concluding or not concluding transactions and determining their terms. It is concluded that regulatory support for the functioning and development of public transport in cities and in general in the settlements of our country requires significant improvement, namely: development and approval electric transport, construction, operation and repair of its facilities, public transport as a whole; defining the principles of interaction of all entities in the field of urban transport, regulations on customers, providers and consumers of transport services, their rights and responsibilities; Determination of priority provisions of public policy in the field of land transport and their implementation (ensuring the safety of transportation, environmental friendliness, inclusivity and availability of passenger transport and its subsequent sustainable development), their coordination with plans and strategies of development of cities and regions, etc.
EUROPEAN POLICY OF POLITICAL CORRECTNESS: GUIDELINES AND EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE
Authors: Yevtushenko Nataliya
Published: April 2024

The article examines the phenomenon of political correctness in European Union countries, which is rooted in principles such as unity, tolerance, and cultural diversity. Originating in the United States as a response to discrimination, political correctness has permeated university environments as a tool to combat discriminatory behavior.

The ideology of political correctness encompasses views on the treatment of discriminatory groups and addresses issues such as feminism, sexism, racism, and homophobia. It has significantly influenced the ideological landscape of the United States and Western Europe, becoming a code of social linguistic behaviour aimed at preventing and mitigating social conflicts while improving political and legal culture.

It is shown that in Western European countries, representatives of social movements who proposed norms of linguistic behaviour and the use of euphemisms began to actively use the ideology of "political correctness" to obscure and veil phenomena that have a negative assessment in public consciousness and to prohibit manifestations of contemptuous, offensive, or discriminatory attitudes towards representatives of various minorities.

In Western European countries, proponents of social movements have adopted the ideology of political correctness to obscure negative phenomena in public consciousness and prohibit discriminatory behaviour towards minorities. This ideology not only reflects reality but also actively changes it, serving as an effective tool for preventing social conflicts and promoting respect for cultural diversity.

For Ukraine, aspiring to integrate into the European community, studying the European experience of political correctness offers insights into the political behaviour of modern European society. Political correctness serves as a communication tool aimed at fostering a conflict-free atmosphere and preventing social tensions.
YOUTH ENGAGEMENT IN CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Palagnyuk Yuliana , Faichuk Olena , Kostieva Tetiana , Soloviova Anna , Say Dmytro
Published: April 2024

The article outlines the ways of engaging young people in the development of civil society in Ukraine. Socially and politically active young people are one of the necessary conditions for forming a democratic society and establishing sustainable and functioning civil society institutions. Therefore, in this paper, the scholars aim to identify the ways of youth interaction with public authorities in Ukraine and general levels of youth civic engagement, as well as to characterize the culture of citizenship as a factor in involving young people in civil society development. The research reveals the relevant issue regarding the prominent role of civil society in various spheres of activity of state authorities and local self-government bodies, a qualitatively new level of interaction between civil society, especially youth as an active part of it, and state and local self-government bodies in order to establish effective dialogue and partnership relations of state bodies authorities, local self-government bodies with civil society organizations.

The research combined interdisciplinary approaches of several related scientific fields (political science, public administration and education), which allowed to set broader goals and find new ways for improving youth engagement in the development of civil society in Ukraine. The authors developed and conducted an expert survey on youth engagement in the development of civil society and identified possible ways to improve youth participation in public and political life. Authors interviewed 24 experts aged from 18 to 60 years from various fields who are interested in building a democratic state governed by the rule of law: leaders and members of public organizations, teachers of higher education institutions, scholars, deputies of regional and local councils, civil society activists and businessmen.

It was determined that the effective participation of youth in decision-making processes consists in creating opportunities to involve youth in influencing, shaping, developing and promoting policy and development of services and programs. These opportunities are created by developing a range of formal and informal mechanisms for youth participation, from youth advisory groups to focus groups, from ongoing consultation work to supporting youth projects. As a result of the study, the authors developed a set of conclusions and recommendations addressed to educational institutions, public authorities, local governments and civil society organizations.
THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE SPHERE OF CULTURE ON THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE AS AN EXAMPLE OF MAJOR CULTURAL EVENTS AS SOCIAL INNOVATIONS
Authors: Bloshchynskyi Denys
Published: April 2024

The awareness of one's national identity, the preservation of national traditions, as well as the development of the creative potential of Ukrainians is a guarantor of the development of the state and national security of Ukraine. State policy should prioritize the preservation of the nation's cultural identity, as well as the issue of cultural identity in general. The Law of Ukraine on National Security protects the principles of statehood, including the national interests of Ukraine, rather than just infrastructure facilities. The law defines vital interests as those of a person, society, and the state, with the function of upholding Ukraine's sovereignty. Festivals, educational programs, forums, and literary and musical competitions are particularly important, as they can serve as platforms for the development and preservation of national culture, which is a crucial aspect of Ukraine's national security. The article analyzes the relationship between major cultural events of regional and national importance and national security, providing arguments to support the fact that culture is of great importance to national security.