bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Algebraic Thinking Process in Solving Hots Questions Reviewed from Student Achievement Motivation
Authors: Hadi Windia , Faradillah Ayu
Published: December 2019

This research is a preliminary study that aims to describe the algebraic thinking process of prospective mathematics teachers. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Subjects were grouped into two categories based on high and low achievement motivation. Data is obtained based on the results of tests conducted in the algebra process. Research subjects (S1) and (S2) with high achievement motivation and subjects (S3) and (S4) with low achievement motivation using different algebraic thought processes. Subjects (S1) are able in the process of thinking algebra until crashing indicators assess understanding with understanding of the concept wrong in solving Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) problems, whereas, (S2) the process of thinking algebra is only capable of chunking information (pieces of information), (S3) able in the process of thinking algebra until indicators of change with wrong answers, and the subject (S4) is able in the process of thinking algebra only until chunking information (pieces of information). Factors that cause subjects S1, S2, S3, and S4 are still unable to solve HOTS questions in algebraic thinking processes are questions of knowledge on HOTS material and difficulty understanding concepts in working on algebra need special handling in improving understanding of concepts in algebra.
Возможности применения CD4+-регуляторных Т-клеток в терапии аутоиммунных заболеваний
Authors: Чуров А. В. , Сюткина А. И. , Мамашов К. Ы. , Олейник Е. К.
Published: December 2019

На сегодняшний день достигнуты значительные успехи в терапии аутоиммунных патологий, однако существующие методы сопряжены с риском возникновения тяжелых побочных эффектов. Применение Treg-клеток, на наш взгляд, представляет значительную перспективу в терапии состояний, связанных с нарушением аутотолерантности. В работе дана оценка возможных трудностей использования клинического подхода на основе Treg-клеток и предложены пути решения научно-технических задач, возникающих при применении Treg в терапии аутоиммунных заболеваний.
Автономные биолюминесцентные системы: перспективы использования в имиджинге живых организмов
Authors: Осипова З. М. , Щеглов А. С. , Ямпольский И. В.
Published: December 2019

Биолюминесцентные системы все чаще применяют для разработки высокочувствительных оптических методов имиджинга in vivo. Однако при использовании популярных систем необходимо инъекционно вводить дорогие и малостабильные синтетические субстраты (люциферины) перед каждым анализом. Автономные системы бактерий и грибов, которые недавно стали доступны для работы с эукариотическими клетками, по нашему мнению, могут развиться в полноценный инструмент для создания новых технологий биолюминесцентного имиджинга.
CLIL AS A METHOD IN TEACHING SPORT COLLEGE STUDENTS THROUGH BILINGUAL CLASS PROGRAM
Authors: Nurrachmad Limpad
Published: December 2019

The internationalization of institutions proclaimed by Universitas Negeri Semarang has led to the emergence of bilingual class program in every study program. The challenge faced when there are bilingual classes is the ability of lecturers in several majors to provide courses in both English and Bahasa. This study aims at answering the challenges currently faced by UNNES when providing a bilingual class. Then, it is to illustrate and describe the implementation of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) on the tennis class at the Faculty of Sport Science. The result show that combination of CLIL and SFL was chosen because CLIL teaching method has two simultaneous focuses on content and language while SFL is a teaching method emphasizing the deconstruction of academic genres texts as well as explicit teaching on text features. It is expected that the combination of the two can produce teaching methods that emphasize course material and mastery of English as a medium of instruction in a balance and easier to understand due to the explicit deconstruction of academic texts.
The Use of Instagram as a Media to Teach Students' Writing Recount Text
Authors: Sholikhah Siti
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The objective of this research is to find out whether there is a significant difference between students’ writing recount text before and after being taught by using Instagram as a media or not. In this research, the researcher used quantitative method and used quasi-experiment as the design of the research. The number of sample is 36 students from X MIPA 4 which are taken by using cluster random sampling technique. The researcher uses test as the instrument of the research. The test is in the form of writing test to know the students’ writing ability before and after being taught by using Instagram as a media. The result of the research shows that the students’ mean score have an improvement from 6.8 to 8.8 and from good categorize to excellent categorize. And the standard deviation from the students score has decreased from 0.89 to 0.83 which means that the students’ post-test score is well distributed than the pre-test score. The calculation of t-test shows that the Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It is because the to (t obtain) falls in the critical region and to (t obtain) is more than tt (t critical). The to (t obtain) is 5.3 while the tt (t critical) is 2.042. In conclusion, there is a significant difference between students’ writing recount text before and after being taught by using Instagram as a media.  Key Words: Instagram, Media, Recount Text, English Writing
VIDEO ANIMATION AS TEACHING MEDIA IN ELT
Authors: Sulistyowati Titis
Published: December 2019

The issue of TPACK (Technology Pedagogical Content Knowledge) offers a problem solution for teachers who are interested in implementing blended learning. Education and Technology have become an important aspect in every student's daily life beyond the school and within the classroom. Experts now create software that facilitates teachers in creating animated videos which contain pedagogical knowledge. One of them is Videoscribe which can be used to present learning content by combining interesting images, sounds, and graphs to attract students to enjoy the learning process. The features provided by this software are varied, they enable teachers to design learning media that can be adjusted to meet the goal of the lesson. This paper will elaborate on how teachers can design an interesting and engaging learning media to meet the students’ needs and to achieve learning objectives by using the software.
USING SHORT STORY GAP FILL TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ LISTENING COMPREHENSION ABILITY
Authors: Ekaningsih Nur
Published: December 2019

This research explained how listening comprehension by Short Story Gap Fill improved students’ listening comprehension achievement, observed students’ behavior during listening comprehension class and described the teacher’s Gap Fill technique along with the research. It used Classroom Action Research (CAR) with quantitatively data then analyzed into qualitative. The qualitative data were about students’ interview, while the quantitative data was their scores in pre-test and post-test on listening comprehension. Short Story Gap Fill contained listening comprehension exercises which tend to prove the missing words or phrases on a script of a story or a dialog; they were “pre, while and post-listening which focused on students’ ability to carry out the gap on the listening exercises. This research consisted of two cycles. The findings involved, the third-semester students of the English Department were fascinated by Short Story Gap Fill and immersed in listening comprehension well. However, during the first cycle, there were still 3 from 31 incompletely fulfill the gap in listening comprehension because they could not catch the vocabulary well and less focus. Ultimately, on the second cycle, the students' accomplishment in listening comprehension through this technique improved dramatically on their score of using the same technique. Keywords: CAR, Gap Fill, Listening Comprehension
Pemberitaan dugaan suap anggota Komisi Pemilihan Umum Garut pada harian Pikiran Rakyat
Authors: Nurhadi Zikri Fachrul , Raturahmi Leadya , Rayna Astri
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi beragamnya kebijakan media massa dalam mengaplikasikan asas praduga tak bersalah. Perbedaan redaksi media dalam mempraktekkan asas ini harus diperbaiki sesuai dengan kode etik jurnalistik agar tidak ada jurang perbedaan antar media. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menjelaskan pemberitaan dugaan suap anggota Komisi Pemilihan Umum Garut yang dimuat pada harian  Pikiran Rakyat, 2 Maret 2018. menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendidikan mempengaruhi level individu wartawan dalam menulis berita dugaan suap tersebut. Individu yang mempelajari kode etik jurnalistik memiliki cara sendiri dalam mempraktekkan asas praduga tak bersalah. Level rutinitas media berkaitan dengan kebiasaan media dalam mengemas suatu berita. Level organisasi berkaitan dengan kebijakan media dalam mengemas berita dimana hal inilah yang menjadi sumber dari ragam kebijakan media dalam mempraktekkan kode etik jurnalistik bahwa surat kabar Pikiran Rakyat menempatkan pemberitaan suap dengan menetapkan asas praduga tidak bersalah melalui penggunaan kata dugaan pada judul berita. Pada level ekstramedia, isi media dipengaruhi oleh Dewan Pers, organisasi pers, pemerintah dan penegak hukum. Pada level ideologi, pemimpin redaksi surat kabar Pikiran Rakyat menafsirkan bahwa penulisan nama tersangka tidak berkaitan dengan asas praduga tak bersalah dan tidak melanggar kode etik jurnalistik.
Pengembangan hubungan interpersonal remaja dalam penggunaan media sosial di Kota Bandung
Authors: Darmawan Cecep , Silvana Hana , Zaenudin Heni Nuraeni , Effendi Ridwan
Published: December 2019

Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi Internet, membuat remaja menjadi kelompok digital native karena mereka tidak perlu diajari cara menggunakan teknologi tersebut. Kelompok remaja ini menjadi sasaran utama dalam literasi digital karena (1) dianggap paling rentan, dan (2) diharapkan menjadi agen perubahan untuk mengatasi berbagai problem masyarakat digital. Interaksi di dunia maya biasanya lebih mempererat hubungan juga dapat pula merenggangkan hubungan yang sudah terjalin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan pengembangan hubungan interpersonal remaja dalam penggunaan media sosial menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap remaja mempunyai banyak identitas atau akun di media sosial, baik pada akun asli maupun akun palsu. Pada kenyataannya terdapat perbedaan antara pribadi di dunia nyata dengan pribadi di dunia maya. Efektivitas komunikasi interpersonal dipengaruhi oleh seberapa besar keterbukaan dari remaja yang sedang berinteraksi, sehingga dapat meningkatkan hubungan antar personal remaja tersebut, menjadi lebih dekat dan erat walaupun mereka berkomunikasi dengan menggunakan media sosial. Sikap remaja pada saat beriteraksi dengan orang lain dipengaruhi faktor eksternal dan faktor internal berupa kecerdasan emosional dan kepercayaan diri. Remaja membutuhkan pengembangan hubungan antar personal dalam berkomunikasi menggunakan media sosial.
PENYUSUNAN UNDANG-UNDANG DI BIDANG INVESTASI: KAJIAN PEMBENTUKAN OMNIBUS LAW DI INDONESIA
Authors: Suriadinata Vincent
Published: December 2019

Indonesia adalah negara dengan potensi ekonomi yang sangat besar namun masih minim investasi. Banyak faktor yang menghambat kemudahan berusaha sehingga mengurangi minat investor untuk berinvestasi di Indonesia. Indonesia perlu menerapkan omnibus law sebagai jawaban atas permasalahan-permasalahan yang menghambat investasi di Indonesia. Omnibus Law secara sederhana dapat dimaknai sebagai satu undang-undang yang bisa mengubah beberapa undang-undang sekaligus. Terdapat tiga keadaan untuk mempraktekkan omnibus law, yakni undang-undang yang akan diubah berkaitan secara langsung, undang-undang yang akan diubah tidak berkaitan secara langsung, dan undang-undang yang akan diubah tidak berkaitan tetapi dalam praktek bersinggungan. Penerapan  omnibus law di Filipina, Amerika Serikat dan Turki dapat menjadi perbandingan untuk  diterapkan omnibus law yang berbudaya hukum Indonesia. Omnibus law sejatinya adalah teknik dalam penyusunan undang-undang yang bertujuan untuk mewujudkan efisiensi dan efektivitas sehingga sangat mungkin diterapkan di Indonesia. Untuk mewujudkannya diperlukan pemahaman tentang omnibus law dan komitmen politik yang kuat dari DPR maupun Pemerintah Indonesia.
ANTHROPONYM AS A FREQUENCY DERIVATION COMPONENT OF SWEDISH TOPONYMS
Authors: Prirodina U. P.
Published: December 2019

Anthroponyms often act as a frequency derivation component included in various toponyms in the Swedish language. The value of the derivational component may be different and structurally diffuse. The subject of the research is the semantic, derivational characteristics of toponyms with anthroponymic foundations. The material for the study was 105 language units from the Swedish and the Russian sources, selected by the continuous sampling method. The article specifies the main lexical meanings of anthroponyms as the producing bases, identifies the main types of derivational models; possible semantic links are determined. The article is intended for linguists, geographers, ethnographers and for all those who are interested in geographic names.
Cechy osobowości a preferencja muzyki metalowej – wstępna metaanaliza dotychczasowych badań
Authors: Pluta Joanna
Published: December 2019

Personality traits and the preference for metal music – preliminary meta-analysis of previous researches

The article presents the relations between personality traits and preference for metal music in view of previous psychological research. First reports concerning the influence of personality traits on music preferences appeared in the middle of the 20th century (Cattel & Anderson 1953). Social stereotypes relating to heavy metal fans have had an impact on formulation of research hypotheses according to which this group is characterised by antisocial behaviour, suicidal tendencies, depressive moods, substance and alcohol abuse, school problems and dysfunctional families. However, past researches have demonstrated a predictive value of different traits, such as openness to experience, risk-taking, extraversion and sensation seeking.
Przekaz zawarty w twórczości zespołu Aria (Ария) w kontekście badań nad współczesną kulturą rosyjską
Authors: Werner Wiktor
Published: December 2019

The work of Aria heavy metal band in the context of research on contemporary Russian culture The article deals with the meaning of Aria’s works in the context of research on the changes in contemporary Russian culture. Interpretation of the message contained in the works was preceded by research into the popularity of the band using the statistics provided by trends. google. The results show the relationship between the message contained in Aria’s work and the perception of the world present among his audience. Noticeable in the work of the team, the evolution of individual values through the criticism of egoistic individualism to collectivist values is therefore connected with the state of consciousness present in Russian society and Russian culture of modern times.
O ETHOS DA CULTURA DA EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Amato Daniel Chris
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho discute o papel da Educação a partir afirmação explicitada nos PCN de 1998 diante da visão de Mário Vieira de Mello (1912 - 2006). Na busca pela qualidade de ensino os currículos são adequados às realidades urbanas a partir de modelos importados, muitas vezes sem uma análise profunda do papel que a sociedade deseja que a Educação desempenhe. A reflexão sobre os conceitos de liberdade e igualdade para a democracia podem levar os educadores a outros posicionamentos, considerando autores que buscam na Educação a transcendência do Ethos, não da maneira possível, mas enfrentando as idiossincrasias e paradoxos que apresenta nossa democracia. Diante dessa proposição, o artigo responda e seguinte pergunta: - A Educação Brasileira pode dar suporte necessário para uma democracia com plena liberdade aos seus cidadãos? Como resposta, sugere-se a implantação de uma nova Educação cujo o grande desafio é torná-la suficiente para atender a demanda por profissionais capacitados e devidamente educados para exercer sua liberdade plena na democracia cultivando a liberdade interna a partir do conceito de Ethos.
O BLACKOUT DOCENTE: FALTAM PROFESSORES OU FALTAM PESSOAS INTERESSADAS NA DOCÊNCIA NA AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL?
Authors: Hilário Rosangela Aparecida , Faria Wendel Fiori , Gavioli Aparecida de Fátima
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, na cidade de Porto Velho - Rondônia, Amazônia Ocidental, o fenômeno do blackout docente. Previsto para ocorrer até o final da segunda década do Século XXI, a falta de professores de primeiro ao quinto ano será agravado pela “Transposição” dos funcionários do antigo Território Federal dos quadros Estaduais para os quadros da União. Segundo dados da Secretaria Estadual de Educação (SEDUC), aproximadamente 4.800 professores devem se aposentar nos próximos cinco anos, depois de concluído o processo. Deste total, aproximadamente 2300 professores são dos anos iniciais. O texto centra-se em três momentos distintos: primeiro apresenta a legislação educacional como fomento aos processos de inclusão, advindos das demandas oportunizadas pelos avanços tecnológicos, bem como um panorama da formação docente esperada para fazer jus aos desafios da docência na escola de acesso universalizado. Na segunda parte foi abordada a expansão das instituições públicas para acolher estes sujeitos e a ampliação da demanda por professores para atendimento com a oferta de cursos de licenciatura e adaptações para a formação inicial e continuada. Na terceira conceitua-se o blackout docente e perfila-se um panorama complexo para o desenvolvimento educacional e social em todos os níveis. Para tanto, foi realizada a triangulação entre os documentos produzidos pela legislação educacional, a política de formação inicial e continuada dos professores e a produção disponível em periódicos sobre o tema. Como resultado preliminar foi evidenciado que o blackout docente já afeta os resultados das Avaliações Institucionais e Suficiência Profissional em Porto Velho.
Pelo direito à cidade: Políticas públicas e hortas urbanas em Florianópolis
Authors: Ferreira Giovana Callado
Published: December 2019

Com os problemas decorrentes de um crescimento sem planejamento, em que a cidade é vista sob a ótica do mercado, e onde os interesses do capital são priorizados em detrimento dos interesses social e coletivo, surgiu toda uma articulação política em defesa do direito de ocupar a cidade para além dos muros de concreto. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os movimentos em torno de práticas e políticas públicas de agricultura urbana em Florianópolis enquanto formas de construção de usos diversificados e democráticos do solo urbano. As articulações políticas levaram à criação da Rede Semear de agricultura urbana e à eleição de Marcos José de Abreu (Marquito), pelo Partido Socialismo e Liberdade (PSOL) – com sua plataforma em defesa da agroecologia, da agricultura urbana e do meio ambiente – como o segundo vereador mais votado no pleito de 2016. Levaram também à criação do Programa Municipal de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica de Florianópolis (PMAPO) e do Programa Municipal de Agricultura Urbana de Florianópolis. No movimento de reivindicar os espaços da cidade para as práticas de agricultura urbana, merecem destaque a formação das hortas comunitárias e institucionais. Neste trabalho, foi dado um espaço especial para a articulação da Horta Comunitária e Pedagógica do Pacuca.
A trajetória histórica dos espaços de cultivo urbano na Alemanha: Interações e embates entre a urbanização e a natureza (do séc. XIX ao XX)
Authors: Lima Angela Bernadete
Published: December 2019

A trajetória dos espaços de cultivo urbano faz parte da história da Alemanha. No cenário europeu, o movimento de hortas urbanas teve seu ímpeto no século XIX, quando os trabalhadores rurais se aglomeraram nas cidades industriais, e sua existência foi, durante muito tempo, um repositório de ideias sobre reforma social, melhoria higiênica e mobilidade de classe. Os locais que passaram a ser ocupados por associações e por moradores urbanos que viviam em situação precária de moradias ficaram conhecidos como Kleingärten (pequenas hortas) e surgem como resposta à urbanização e ao afastamento do contato com a natureza e aparecem em escritos e discursos sanitaristas e de naturopatia presentes naquele contexto. Tais práticas de agricultura passam a fazer parte do cotidiano em diversas cidades alemãs, especialmente no século XX, adquirindo outras variações e nomenclaturas. Assim, os Kleingärten nos auxiliam na compreensão das transformações operadas no espaço urbano alemão, onde a continuidade de práticas de agricultura é fator socioambiental que adquire distintos significados ao longo do tempo. Logo, perceber como as interações entre a natureza e a urbanização se operam em contextos como a industrialização e os conflitos bélicos, chegando até os dias atuais – quando se acirram os debates sobre ecologia, preservação ambiental e sustentabilidade – permite-nos olhar as cidades sob o viés ambiental, assim como chamar a atenção para o lugar da natureza nas cidades, sendo esse um tema de intenso debate e pesquisa em história ambiental e urbana.
Segurança jurídica no ultramar: Domingos Jorge Velho, Conselho Ultramarino e o contrato de guerra aos Palmares
Authors: Dario Filho Luiz Pedro
Published: December 2019

A guerra aos Palmares consumiu energia, tempo e recursos do governo de Pernambuco na segunda metade do século XVII. Foi apenas após a entrada da tropa de Domingos Jorge Velho no conflito, a partir de 1687, firmando contrato de guerra com o então governador da capitania João da Cunha Sotto Mayor, que o conflito se encaminharia para o seu fim. O objetivo do artigo é analisar esse contrato de guerra e o papel que ele teve no momento posterior ao fim do embate, que ocorreu em 1694. Discutiremos a importância que o documento teve, assim como o Conselho Ultramarino, como instrumento de negociação para o sertanista no que tocava às promessas realizadas antes da sua entrada na guerra. Mesmo sem produzir a garantia de que seriam remunerados em seus pleitos, pretendemos demonstrar como aquele Conselho representava, no contexto mais geral da monarquia portuguesa da segunda metade do século XVII, importante espaço de garantia jurídica para os súditos portugueses do ultramar.
Formação Humana e Espiritualidade em Dostoiévski: Uma Leitura Levinasiana
Authors: Chaves José Afonso , Coutinho Adriana
Published: December 2019

O artigo tem por objetivo problematizar e evidenciar que o amadurecimento espiritual é um aspecto constitutivo dos processos educativos da formação humana e a literatura é um recurso eficaz para pensar a dinâmica desses processos existenciais no âmbito da educação. Dessa forma, desenvolve-se uma análise do uni-verso romanesco de Dostoiévski, especificamente das personagens Sônia e Raskolnikov do romance Crime e castigo, em seus percur-sos existenciais a partir do con-ceito de Rosto de Emmanuel Lévinas. Conclui que as persona-gens do romance dostoieviskiano oferecem substantiva contribuição para pensar processos educativos que visem a Formação Humana que contemplem a dimensão espi-ritual dos indivíduos em sentido antropológico.
Grupo focal como técnica de coleta de dados na pesquisa em enfermagem: Um relato de experiência
Authors: Santos Alice de Andrade , Pedreira Larissa Chaves , Freitas Raniele Araújo de , Gomes Nildete Pereira , Menezes Tânia Maria de Oliva , Moura Luna Vitoria Cajé
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência do Grupo Focal como técnica de coleta de dados na pesquisa em enfermagem. Relato da experiência: Foram realizados três encontros em salas reservadas, com duração de 90 minutos, entre maio e junho de 2016. Ao utilizar a técnica de  grupo focal, os desafios foram: dificuldade em reunir os colaboradores, necessidade de conhecimento prévio da técnica por parte da moderadora, o que demandou maior tempo de preparo porém garantiu uma mediação mais coerente, e o desafio da limitação do número de participantes, que era por vezes o mínimo indicado para a utilização da referente técnica. Este número teve como causa fatores relacionados à natureza dos vínculos empregatícios e das atividades extenuantes realizadas pelos participantes. Percebeu-se a necessidade de maior exploração de saberes sobre esta técnica de coleta de dados, bem como estímulo dos profissionais em participar de metodologias ativas. Durante os encontros houve envolvimento proativo dos participantes e percepção por eles da importância destes momentos. Considerações finais: A utilização do Grupo Focal gerou aprendizados e experiências para manejo desta técnica, e apesar das dificuldades, mostrou-se como uma experiência exitosa. Entretanto, ressalta-se a escassez de estudos sobre o uso do Grupo Focal nas pesquisas em enfermagem.
Atuação do enfermeiro no cuidado de crianças com enteroparasitoses
Authors: Brito Ana Paula Sobrinho , Meneses de Araújo Dhenise Mikaelly , Da Silva Gomes Cecília Natielly , Carvalho Batista Nelson Jorge , Ferreira de Olivindo Dean Douglas
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Caracterizar a atuação do Enfermeiro da Estratégia Saúde da Família frente às doenças enteroparasitárias na infância. Métodos: É um estudo retrospectivo realizado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Teresina-Piauí, Brasil. Os dados obtidos foram digitados em planilhas eletrônicas do programa Microsoft® Excel® e analisados por estatística descritiva com auxílio do software IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Statistics. Resultados: Foram analisados 100 prontuários de crianças atendidas no período de Janeiro a Novembro de 2014. A amostra constatou que 14% das crianças realizaram tratamento contra as enteroparasitoses, entre os parasitas constavam Entamoeba coli, Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica, Tricura trichuris e Giardia lamblia. Residiam em casas com quatro a seis cômodos, representando 58% do total. Com número de moradores residentes nas casas em torno de 2 a 6 pessoas, no total de 73%. A Giardíase foi o parasita mais registrado com 30%, entre crianças com idades de 6 - 8 anos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que as parasitoses intestinais são causadas pelas condições precárias de saneamento básico e consumo de água não tratada. É de competência dos enfermeiros identificar casos suspeitos, realizar diagnósticos precoces, tratamento imediato e adequado dos casos. Os enfermeiros apresentaram condutas insuficientes para o tratamento.
O uso de grupos de discussão na avaliação formativa do laboratório morfofuncional de uma instituição de ensino superior da Amazônia
Authors: Maroja Tatiana Pradines , Soeiro Ana Cristina Vidigal , Furlaneto Ismari Perini , Silva José Antônio Cordero da
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Identificar a percepção de discentes sobre o uso de grupos de discussão mo componente da avaliação formativa baseada em caso no laboratório morfofuncional Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo e analítico, predominantemente quantitativo, com amostra de 204 alunos de um curso de medicina na Amazônia, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2019, utilizando-se questionário semiestruturado, com questões sobre escala Likert. Resultados: Participaram do estudo discentes com idade média igual a 24,2 ± 4,9 anos. Foi observado que os grupos permitem que o aluno demostre o seu desempenho no estudo (74,1%), servindo como espaço de socialização dos resultados obtidos (90,5%), compartilhamento de conteúdo (95,1%) e esclarecimento de dúvidas (91,6%), sendo que a maioria é favorável à permanência dos mesmos na avaliação formativa (86,5%). Conclusão: Os alunos apresentam uma percepção positiva dos grupos de discussão dentro da avaliação formativa. Em se tratando de estudo exploratório, novas pesquisas são necessárias ao aprimoramento da técnica.
A Thorough Theoretical Exploration of Intriguing Characteristics of Cyclo[18]carbon: Geometry, Bonding Nature, Aromaticity, Weak Interaction, Reactivity, Excited States, Vibrations, Molecular Dynamics and Various Molecular Properties
Authors: Lu Tian , Chen Qinxue , Liu Zeyu
Published: December 2019

Although cyclo[18]carbon has been theoretically and experimentally investigated since long time ago, only very recently it was prepared and directly observed by means of STM/AFM in condensed phase (Kaiser et al., Science, 365, 1299 (2019)). The unique ring structure and dual 18-center π delocalization feature bring a variety of unusual characteristics and properties to the cyclo[18]carbon, which are quite worth to be explored. In this work, we present an extremely comprehensive and detailed investigation on almost all aspects of the cyclo[18]carbon, including (1) Geometric characteristics (2) Bonding nature (3) Electron delocalization and aromaticity (4) Intermolecular interaction (5) Reactivity (6) Electronic excitation and UV/Vis spectrum (7) Molecular vibration and IR/Raman spectrum (8) Molecular dynamics (9) Response to external field (10) Electron ionization, affinity and accompanied process (11) Various molecular properties. We believe that our full characterization of the cyclo[18]carbon will greatly deepen researchers' understanding of this system, and thereby help them to utilize it in practice and design its various valuable derivatives.
A Caged E3 Ligase Ligand for PROTAC-Mediated Protein Degradation with Light
Authors: Kounde Cyrille , Shchepinova Maria M. , Tate Edward
Published: December 2019

A caging group has been appended to a widely used Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase ligand for targeted protein degradation with PROTACs. Proteolysis is triggered only after a short irradiation time allowing spatiotemporal control of the protein’s fate.
Access to Substituted Indenol Ethers via a Regioselective Intermolecular Carbopalladation Cascade
Authors: Coles-Taylor Brandon L. , McCallum Maximilian S. , Muñoz Andrés G. , Michel Brian
Published: December 2019

Alkyne carbopalladation reactions represent a powerful approach to generating multiple new C–C bonds and substituted alkenes, however regioselectivity is often challenging for intermolecular variants. By utilizing ynol ethers as polarized alkynes we observe complete regiocontrol of migratory insertion with Pd–Ar species. A Heck reaction was used to turn-over the catalytic cycle by intercepting the vinyl-Pd adduct of carbopalladation with a pendant alkene. When using o-iodo styrenes substrates the resulting products are oligosubstituted 1-indenol ethers with defined stereochemistry based on the initial alkene geometry. By blocking β-hydride elimination we demonstrated C–H and C–C reductive elimination steps for catalyst turnover. Herein we report the optimization of reaction conditions, scope, and alternative termination steps.
Enzyme-Instructed Assemblies Enable Mitochondria Localization of Histone H2B in Cancer Cells
Authors: He Hongjian , Guo Jiaqi , Lin Xingyi , Xu Bing
Published: December 2019

It is known that a highly dynamic communication among subcellular organelles (e.g., cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and nucleus) dictate cellular behaviors. But little information exists on how the inter-organelle crosstalk impacts cancer cells due to the lack of approaches that manipulate inter-organelle communication in cancer cells. We unexpectedly found that a negatively charged, enzyme cleavable peptide enables the trafficking of histone protein (H2B), a nuclear protein, to the mitochondria in cancer cells. The peptide, denoted as MitoFlag, interacts with the nuclear location sequence (NLS) of H2B to block it entering nucleus. A protease on the mitochondria cleaves the Flag from the complex of MitoFlag and H2B to form assemblies that retain H2B on the mitochondria and facilitate the H2B entering mitochondria. Molecular validation of MitoFlag shows that adding NLS, replacing aspartic acid residues by glutamic acid residues, or changing L-aspartic acid to D-aspartic residue abolishes the trafficking of H2B into mitochondria of HeLa cells. As the first example of enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) of a synthetic peptide for trafficking endogenous proteins, this work provides insights for understanding and manipulating inter-organelle communication in cells.
Direct Measurement of the Visible to UV Photodissociation Processes for the PhotoCORM TryptoCORM
Authors: Cercola Rosaria , Fischer Kaitlyn , Scherman Summer , garand etienne , Wong Natalie , Hammarback Anders , Lynam Jason , Fairlamb Ian , Dessent Caroline E. H.
Published: December 2019

We apply laser photodissociation spectroscopy in the gas phase to TryptoCORM, a known photoCORM that has been shown to destroy Escherichia coli upon visible-light activation. Our experiments allow us to fully map TryptoCORM’s photochemistry across a wide wavelength range by using novel laser-interfaced mass spectrometry (LIMS). We complement these measurements with Cryogenic Ion Vibrational Spectroscopy (CIVS), to structurally characterise gaseous TryptoCORM.
Photoredox of Gem-Diborylalkenes: A Novel Reactivity Toward Diverse 1,1-Bisborylalkanes
Authors: Kumar Nivesh , Eghbarieh Nadim , Stein Tamar , Shames Alexander , Masarwa Ahmad
Published: December 2019

The use of gem-bis-metalated-alkenes, i.e., vinyl gemdiboron-compound, as light-labile substrates is explored for the first time. The knowledge gained provided us with an in-depth understanding of the reactivity of novel radical intermediates of geminal-metalated ethane. This methodology can serve as the late-stage diversification of bioactive molecules and simple organic molecules in which it drives the synthesis of gemdiborylalkanes.
Modulation of Prins Cyclization by Vibrational Strong Coupling
Authors: Hirai Kenji , Takeda Rie , HUTCHISON JAMES , Uji-i Hiroshi
Published: December 2019

Light-molecule strong coupling has emerged within the last decade as an entirely new method to control chemical reactions. A few years ago it was discovered that the chemical reactivity could be altered by vibrational strong coupling (VSC). While the potential of VSC in organic chemistry appears enormous, only a limited number of reactions have been investigated under VSC to date, including solvolysis and deprotection reactions. Here we investigate the effect of VSC on a series of aldehydes and ketones undergoing Prins cyclization, an important synthetic step in pharmaceutical chemistry. We observe a decrease of the second-order rate constant with VSC of the reactant carbonyl stretching groups. We measure an increased activation energy due to VSC, but proportional changes in activation enthalpy and entropy suggest no substantive change in reaction pathway. The addition of common cycloaddition reactions to the stable of VSC-modified chemical reactions is another step towards establishing VSC as a genuine tool for synthetic chemistry.
Dynamic Pdᴵᴵ/Cuᴵ Multimetallic Assemblies as Molecular Models to Study Metal-Metal Cooperation in Sonogashira Coupling
Authors: Rivada-Wheelaghan Orestes , Comas Vives Aleix , Fayzullin Robert R. , Lledós Agustí , Khusnutdinova Julia
Published: December 2019

Cooperation between two different metals plays a crucial role in many synergistic catalytic reactions such as the Sonogashira C-C cross-coupling reaction, where an interaction between the organometallic Pd and Cu centers is proposed in the transmetalation step. Although several heterobimetallic Pd/Cu complexes were proposed as structural models of the active species in Sonogashira coupling, the detailed understanding of the metal-metal cooperation in both transmetalation and C-C elimination steps is still lacking in current systems. In this work, we report a stepwise and systematic approach to building heteromultimetallic Pd/Cu assemblies as a tool to study metal-metal cooperativity in catalysis. We obtained fully characterized Pd/Cu multimetallic assemblies that show reactivity in alkyne activation, formation of catalytically relevant aryl/acetylide species, and C-C elimination, serving as functional models for Sonogashira reaction intermediates. The combined experimental and DFT studies highlight the importance of ligand-controlled coordination geometry, metal-metal distances and dynamics of the multimetallic assembly for transmetalation step. The phosphine ligand was shown to promote facile C-C elimination explained through NMR and DFT studies.
Copper Catalyzed sp3 C-H α-Acetylation
Authors: Okoromoba Otome , Jang Eun Sil , McMullin Claire , Cundari Thomas , Warren Timothy H.
Published: December 2019

α-substituted ketones are important chemical targets as synthetic intermediates as well as functionalities in in natural products and pharmaceuticals. We report the sp3 C-H α-acetylation of sp3 C-H substrates R-H with arylmethyl ketones ArC(O)Me to provide α-alkylated ketones ArC(O)CH2R at RT with tBuOOtBu as oxidant via copper(I) β-diketiminato catalysts. Proceeding via alkyl radicals R•, this method enables α-substitution with bulky substituents without competing elimination that occurs in more traditional alkylation reactions between enolates and alkyl electrophiles. DFT studies suggest the intermediacy of copper(II) enolates [CuII](CH2C(O)Ar) that capture alkyl radicals R• to give R-CH2C(O)Ar under competing dimerization of the copper(II) enolate to give the 1,4-diketone ArC(O)CH2CH2C(O)Ar.
The Phase Relationship Between the Pyrazinamide Polymorphs α and γ
Authors: Li Kangli , Gbabode Gabin , Barrio Maria , Tamarit Josep-Lluis , Vergé-Depré Marine , Robert Benoît , Rietveld Ivo
Published: December 2019

Pyrazinamide is an active pharmaceutical compound for the treatment of tuberculosis. It possesses at least four crystalline polymorphs. Polymorphism may cause solubility problems as the case of ritonavir has clearly demonstrated; however, polymorphs also provide opportunities to improve pharmaceutical formulations, in particular if the stable form is not very soluble. The four polymorphs of pyrazinamide constitute a rich system to investigate the usefulness of metastable forms and their stabilization. However, despite the existence of a number of papers on the polymorphism of pyrazinamide, well-defined equilibrium conditions between the polymorphs appear to be lacking. This paper focusses on the phase behavior of the so-called a and g polymorphs of pyrazinamide, its liquid phase and vapor phase. The melting points and enthalpies of both solid phases have been determined. The equilibrium temperature between a and g was experimentally found at 392(1) K. Moreover, vapor pressures and solubilities of both phases have been determined, clearly indicating that form a is the more stable form at room temperature. High-pressure thermal analysis and the topological pressure-temperature phase diagram demonstrate that the g form is stabilized by pressure and becomes stable at room temperature under a pressure of 260 MPa.
Garcinoic Acid Is a Natural and Selective Agonist of Pregnane X Receptor
Authors: Bartolini Desirée , De Franco Francesca , Torquato Pierangelo , Marinelli Rita , Cerra Bruno , Ronchetti Riccardo , Schön Arne , Fallarino Francesca , De Luca Antonella , Bellezza Guido , Ferri Ivana , Sidoni Angelo , Walton William G. , Pellock Samuel J. , Redinbo Matthew R. , Mani Sridhar , Pellicciari Roberto , Gioiello Antimo , Galli Francesco
Published: December 2019

Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a master xenobiotic-sensing transcription factor with a key role in drug metabolism and disposition. Its activity regulates a number of physiological processes in the liver and intestine, and it is now a validated target for human diseases associated with inﬂammation and dysregulation of the immune system. The identification of chemical probes to investigate the therapeutic relevance of the receptor is still highly desired. In fact, currently available PXR ligands are not highly selective and can exhibit toxicity and/or potential oﬀ-target eﬀects. In this study, we have identified the naturally-occurring garcinoic acid as a selective and efficient PXR agonist. The properties of garcinoic acid as a specific PXR agonist was demonstrated using different approaches - screening on a panel of nuclear receptors, physical and thermodynamic evaluation of binding affinity, and co-crystallization study. Cytotoxicity assays, transcriptional and functional experiments were carried out in human liver cells, in mouse liver and gut tissue to prove compound activity and target engagement. Taken together, these data support the conclusion that garcinoic acid efficiently activates PXR and may prove to be an amenable lead toward the development of differentially acting PXR regulating compounds.
SEA Ligation Is Accelerated at Mildly Acidic pH. Application to the Formation of Difficult Peptide Junctions
Authors: Cargoet Marine , Diemer Vincent , Raibaut Laurent , Lissy Elizabeth , Snella Benoît , Agouridas Vangelis , Melnyk Oleg
Published: December 2019

The bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amido (SEA)-mediated ligation has been introduced in 2010 as a novel chemoselective peptide bond forming reaction. SEA ligation is a useful reaction for protein total synthesis that is complementary to the native chemical ligation (NCL). In particular, SEA ligation proceeds efficiently in a wide range of pH, from neutral pH to pH 3-4. Thus, the pH can be chosen to optimize the solubility of the peptide segments or final product. It can be also chosen to facilitate the formation of difficult junctions, since the rate of SEA ligation increases significantly by decreasing the pH from 7.2 to 4.0. Here we describe a protocol for SEA ligation at pH 5.5 in the presence of 4-mercaptophenylacetic acid (MPAA) or at pH 4.0 in the presence of a newly developed diselenol catalyst. The protocols describe the formation of a valyl-cysteinyl peptide bond between two model peptides.
Single Molecular Catalysis Identifying Activation Energy of Intermediate Product and Rate-Limiting Step in Plasmonic Photocatalysis
Authors: Li Di
Published: December 2019

Plasmon mediated photocatalysis provides a novel strategy for harvesting solar energy. Identification of rate determining step and its activation energy in plasmon mediated photocatalysis plays critical roles for understanding the contribution of hot carriers that facilitates rational designing catalysts with integrated high photo-chemical conversion efficiency and catalytic performance. However, it remains a challenge due to a lack of research tools with spatiotemporal resolution that capable of capturing intermediates. In this work, we used a single molecular fluorescence approach to investigate a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) enhanced photocatalytic reaction with sub-turnover resolution. By introducing variable temperature as an independent parameter in plasmonic photocatalysis, the activation energies of tandem reaction steps, including intermediate generation, product generation and product dissociation, were clearly differentiated, and intermediates generation was found to be the rate-limiting step. Remarkably, the cause of plasmon enhanced catalysis performance was found to be its ability of lowering the activation energy of intermediates generation. This study gives new insight into the photo-chemical energy conversion pathways in plasmon enhanced photocatalysis and sheds light on designing high performance plasmonic catalysts.
Impact of Surface Modification on the Li, Na, and K Intercalation Efficiency and Capacity of Few-Layer Graphene Electrodes
Authors: Abdulrahiman Nijamudheen , Sarbapalli Dipobrato , Hui Jingshu , Rodríguez-López Joaquín , Mendoza-Cortes Jose
Published: December 2019

In a conventional lithium ion battery (LIB), graphite forms the negative electrode or anode. Although Na is considered one of the most attractive alternatives to Li, achieving reversible Na intercalation within graphitic materials under ambient conditions remains a challenge. More efficient carbonaceous anode materials are desired for developing advanced LIBs and beyond Li-ion battery technologies. We hypothesized that two-dimensional materials with distinct surface electronic properties create conditions for ion insertion into few-layer graphene (FLG) anodes. This is because modification of the electrode/electrolyte interface potentially modifies the energetics and mechanisms of ion intercalation in the thin bulk of FLG. Through a first principles calculations; we show that the electronic, structural, and thermodynamic properties of FLG anodes can be fine-tuned by a covalent heteroatom substitution at the uppermost layer of the FLG electrode, or by interfacing FLG with a single-side fluorinated graphene or a Janus-type hydrofluorographene monolayer. When suitably interfaced with the 2D surface modifier, the FLG exhibits favorable thermodynamics for the Li+, Na+, and K+ intercalation. Remarkably, the reversible binding of Na within carbon layers becomes thermodynamically allowed and a large storage capacity can be achieved for the Na intercalated modified FLG anodes. The origin of charge-transfer promoted electronic tunability of modified FLGs are rationalized by various theoretical methods.
Reaction-Diffusion Systems: Self-Balancing Diffusion and the Use of the Extent of Reaction as a Descriptor of Reaction Kinetics
Authors: Pekař Miloslav
Published: December 2019

Self-balancing diffusion is a concept which restricts the introduction of extents of reactions. This concept is analyzed in detail for mass- and molar-based balances of reaction-diffusion mixtures, in relation to non-self-balancing cases, and with respect to its practical consequences. A note on a recent generalization of the concept of reaction and diffusion extents is also included.
Identifying and Tracking Defects in Dynamic Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Gasparotto Piero , Bochicchio Davide , Ceriotti Michele , Pavan Giovanni M.
Published: December 2019

A central paradigm of self-assembly is to create ordered structures starting from molecular

monomers that spontaneously recognize and interact with each other via noncovalent interactions.

In the recent years, great efforts have been directed toward reaching the perfection in the

design of a variety of supramolecular polymers and materials with different architectures. The

resulting structures are often thought of as ideally perfect, defect-free supramolecular fibers,

micelles, vesicles, etc., having an intrinsic dynamic character, which are typically studied at the

level of statistical ensembles to assess their average properties. However, molecular simulations

recently demonstrated that local defects that may be present or may form in these assemblies, and which are poorly captured by conventional approaches, are key to controlling their dynamic

behavior and properties. The study of these defects poses considerable challenges, as the

flexible/dynamic nature of these soft systems makes it difficult to identify what effectively constitutes

a defect, and to characterize its stability and evolution. Here, we demonstrate the power

of unsupervised machine learning techniques to systematically identify and compare defects in

supramolecular polymer variants in different conditions, using as a benchmark 5°A-resolution

coarse-grained molecular simulations of a family of supramolecular polymers. We shot that this

approach allows a complete data-driven characterization of the internal structure and dynamics

of these complex assemblies and of the dynamic pathways for defects formation and resorption.

This provides a useful, generally applicable approach to unambiguously identify defects in

these dynamic self-assembled materials and to classify them based on their structure, stability

and dynamics.