bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education As an Attempt to Ward Off Islamophobia Virus in Strengthening Nationalism and Indonesian Spirituality
Authors: Parhan Muhamad , Budiyanti Nurti , Aziz Asep Abdul , Rozak Rama Wijaya Abdul , Husein Salimah Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The proliferation of Islamophobia worldwide, including Indonesia, can cause the erosion of the friendly image of Islam in the world. It needs an effort to ward off Islamophobia viruses in creating the peace and integrity of a nation. This article aims to present a variety of educational efforts to ward off Islamophobia viruses to strengthen the nationalism and spiritualization of the Indonesian. The study employed a qualitative approach through descriptive analysis methods. The results showed that one of the causes of Islamophobia emergence was the lack of Islamic creed. Through excellent education, Islamic teachings were developed to reinforce a nation’s nationalism and spirituality. Education of the wholeheartedly or known as Sufism is an alternative solution to produce a human figure conscious of its status as ‘Abd – as caliph. Also, the purpose of his/her life to worship God. Thus, human beings should establish unified communication to create a peaceful, safe and prosperous life in the principle of ukhuwah Islamiyyah, ukhuwah wathaniyyah, and ukhuwah basyariyyah. Abstrak: Menjamurnya fenomena Islamofobia di seluruh penjuru dunia, termasuk Indonesia, dapat menyebabkan lunturnya citra Islam yang ramah di mata dunia. Perlu adanya upaya untuk menangkal virus Islamofobia dalam menciptakan perdamaian dan keutuhan suatu bangsa. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menghadirkan berbagai upaya pendidikan untuk menangkal virus Islamofobia dalam mengukuhkan sikap nasionalisme dan spiritualiasme bangsa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salah satu penyebab lahirnya Islamofobia ialah dangkalnya akidah Islam. Melalui pendidikan hati, ajaran Islam dikembangkan untuk mengukuhkan sikap nasionalisme dan spiritualiasme. Pendidikan dengan hati atau dikenal dengan istilah tasawuf merupakan solusi alternatif melahirkan sosok manusia yang sadar akan statusnya sebagai ‘abd, perannya sebagai khalifah, serta tujuan hidupnya untuk beribadah kepada Allah. Melalui kesadaran ini lah, manusia akan senantiasa menjalin komunikasi yang harmonis dengan sesama makhluk Allah untuk menciptakan kehidupan yang damai, aman dan sejahtera dengan memperhatikan prinsip ukhuwah Islamiyyah, ukhuwah wathaniyyah dan ukhuwah basyariyyah.
The Effect of Students’ Perception on Educational Tourism and Self-Fulfilment
Authors: Fahmi Reza , Besel Furkan , Aswirna Prima , Fahmi Farah Audi , Fahmi Danial Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Educational tourism can be built as a bridge between society and the Islamic Boarding School. It’s also can improve a new entrepreneurship model in Islamic Boarding School. The study used a quantitative approach. The population was about 387 students who were involved as a population in the study. But only 196 people as a sample. The sampling technique is simple random sampling. The data collection technique was the psychology scale—data analysis technique with a Pearson correlation statistical model. This study found that: (1) the distribution of mean and percentage of educational tourism perception had not been developed or low; (2) the distribution of min and portion of self-fulfillment of students was high; (3) there was an effect between students' perception about education tourism and their self-fulfillment. Abstrak: Wisata edukasi dapat menjadi jembatan antara masyarakat  dan pondok pesantren yang tidak mengetahui tentang pondok pesantren. Pengembangan pariwisata pesantren memberi ruang terbentuknya kewirausahaan baru di pesantren. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi sebanyak 387 siswa yang dilibatkan sebagai populasi dalam penelitian. Tapi hanya 196 orang sebagai sampel. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan simple random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan skala psikologi. Teknik analisis data dengan model statistik regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan: (1) sebaran rerata dan persentase persepsi tentang wisata pendidikan belum berkembang atau rendah. (2) sebaran min dan persentase pemenuhan diri siswa tinggi. (3) ada pengaruh antara persepsi siswa tentang wisata pendidikan dengan kemandirian santri.
Islamic Education and Social Media Transformation in Pandemic Era: Challenges and Opportunities in Indonesia
Authors: Ulum Miftahul , Rahman Asmak Ab , Maharani Shinta , Purnomo Agus
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Religious learning in the pandemic era was carried out through social media, such as Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter, and Instagram. YouTube is transformed into the premier medium of teaching. For students and the millennial generation, social media provides many conveniences. However, on the other hand, it becomes a problem in itself, especially for parents in presenting education that is full of values, during a struggle for the free flow of information and communication. The paper aims to analyze the transition of learning media in education, from conventional offline models to online via social media, and to prove the impact of using social media on students or the millennial generation. Qualitative methods are used to analyze data. The findings of this paper indicate that education during a pandemic, reading printed literature, is also carried out via the internet. Social media has a significant impact on students or the millennial generation, so efforts to strengthen values are needed. Social media brings together the main actors in education; parents, academics, government, social media, and regulation. Abstrak: Pembelajaran agama di era pendemi dilakukan melalui media sosial, seperti Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter, dan Instagram. YouTube ditransformasikan menjadi media utama dalam pengajaran. Bagi siswa dan generasi milenial, media sosial menyediakan banyak kemudahan. Namun pada sisi lain, menjadi problem tersediri, terutama orang tua dalam menghadirkan pendidikan yang sarat dengan nilai, di tengah-tengah pertarungan arus informasi dan komunikasi yang bebas. Tujuan dari paper ini adalah: untuk menganalisis peralihan media pembelajaran dalampendidikan, dari model konvensional luring menuju daring online melalui media sosial, dan membuktikan dampak penggunaan media ssosial tersebut bagi siswa atau generasi milenial. Metode kualitatif digunakan guna menganalisis data. Temuan dari paper ini menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan pada masa pandemi, selain dengan cara menbaca literatur cetak, jugadilakukan melalui internet. Media sosial sangat berdampak terhadap siswa atau generasi milenial, sehingga diperlukan upaya penguatan nilai.Media sosial menyatukan aktor-aktor utama dalampendidikan, yaitu; orang tua, akademisi, pemerintah, media sosial, dan regulasi itu sendiri.
DIALECTICS OF PESANTREN AND SOCIAL COMMUNITIES IN CULTURAL VALUE TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Bakri Subakri - , Mangkachi Rosdee Ibrahim
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Pesantren tends to have an adaptive response towards social changes in community life. This research employed a qualitative approach by using a case study to discern the adaptive strategy of an Islamic boarding school. Then, the data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentaries. Next, they were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, namely data collection, condensation, data display, and conclusions drawing simultaneously. Finally, the validity of the data was gained through triangulation. The study results showed that pesantren has actively adapted themselves towards these social demands. Furthermore, it shows that 1) the dialectics of pesantren and social community in transforming cultural values through formal education was done by establishing several formal educations; 2) the dialectics of pesantren and social community in transforming cultural values through non-formal education was done by establishing several non-formal religious-based institutions through pesantren activities. Abstrak: Pesantren dalam kehidupan masyarakat memiliki sikap adaptif terhadap perubahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif adapun jenis penelitian studi kasus. Penggalian sumber data menggunakan Observasi, wawancara dan dukumenter dan data dianalisi dengan model Miles and Hubermen yaitu pengumpulan data, kondensasi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan yang dilakukan bersama. Kemudian keabsahan data menggunakan Triangulasi. Adapun hasil kajian penelitian yaitu pesantren Raudlatul Ulum memiliki sikap adaptif terhadap perubahan yang tergambar sebagai berikut 1.) Dialektika Pondok Pesantren Raudlatul Ulum  dan masyarakat dalam tranformasi nilai budaya melalui Pendidikan formal dengan mendirikan beberapa pendidikan formal. 2) Dialektika Pondok Pesantren Raudlatul Ulum  dan masyarakat dalam tranformasi nilai budaya melalui Pendidikan non formal dengan jalan mendirikan beberapa lembaga non formal yang berbasis keagamaan yang teraktualisasikan melalui aktivitas Pondok Pesantren.
The Transformational Paradigm of The Pesantren Curriculum Innovation
Authors: Yahya Fata Asyrofi
Published: July 2021

Abstract: This research begins from the problems faced in pesantren. They include curriculum management and learning, such as the implementation of teacher-centered learning and poorly planned learning evaluation. Thus, the researcher is interested in studying Pesantren Nurul Iman Garum Blitar, which applies an innovative curriculum using a transformative paradigm. The research method was qualitative research - a phenomenological approach. The findings were; first, there were three curriculum objectives: national goals, institutional goals, and learning objectives. Second, the learning material was reconstructing several books in the pesantren, such as the nahwu, shorof, and fiqh books. Third, the learning method was student-centred which encourage students to be active. In addition, it was also supported by some learning programs, including takror sughro, takror kubro, and syawir. Fourth, the learning evaluation employed formative and summative evaluation. Abstrak: Penelitian ini berawal dari kegelisahan akademik peneliti melihat beberapa problematika yang terjadi di pondok pesantren, diantaranya problem pengelolaan kurikulum dan pembelajaran, seperti metode pembelajaran yang cenderung teacher centered dan juga evaluasi pembelajaran yang tidak terencana dengan baik. Dari situ peneliti tertarik meneliti Pondok Pesantren Nurul Iman Garum Blitar yang membuat inovasi dalam kurikulumnya dengan menggunakan paradigma transformatif. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologis dan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Diantara hasil penelitiannya sebagai berikut: pertama, desain tujuan kurikulumnya terdiri dari tiga macam; yaitu tujuan nasional, tujuan institusional dan tujuan pembelajaran. Kedua, desain materi pembelajarannya berupa rekonstruksi ulang beberapa kitab di pesantren, seperti kitab nahwu, shorof dan fikih. Ketiga, desain metode pembelajarannya menggunakan paradigma student centered dengan metode yang mendorong siswa aktif. Selain itu didukung dengan beberapa program pembelajaran, diantaranya takror sughro, takror kubro dan syawir. Keempat, bentuk evaluasi pembelajarannya menggunakan evaluasi formatif dan sumatif.
Landslide susceptibility assessment and mapping using statistical and data mining models in Iran
Authors: Hanifinia Abdulaziz , Nazarnejad Habib , Najafi Saeed , Kornejady Aiding , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza
Published: July 2021

This study applied to evaluate landslide susceptibility using four data mining models including, “Generalized Linear Model (GLM)”, “Maximum Entropy (ME)”, “Artificial Neural Network (ANN)”, and “Support Vector Machine (SVM)” in Cherikabad Watershed in Urmia City, Iran. In particular, Shannon entropy was used to assess the intercomparison of factors’ classes. Eleven factors including, elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, geological formation, annual mean rainfall, land use/ land cover, distance to the village, distance to faults, distance to roads, distance to streams, and NDVI used in the current study. Landslide inventory map was identified using Google Earth imagery, extensive field surveys, and scrutinizing archived data. The produced landslide susceptibility maps were evaluated by the AUROC index. The results of performance metrics revealed that the Shannon entropy with an AUROC of 0.879 proved highly reliable and so is the intercomparison analysis of factors’ classes derived from it. Additionally, the goodness-of-fit of the GLM, ME, ANN, and SVM models were 0.763, 0.740, 0.926, and 0.924, while their predictive powers were 0.751, 0.727, 0.917, and 0.935, respectively. Hence, the results indicated that the SVM model can be introduced as the superior model for the study area based on which the most critical factors affecting landslides were found to be elevation, annual mean rainfall, and distance to the village. The results of this work are of great use for land use planning in landslide-prone areas with similar geo-topological, geomorphological, and climatic conditions.
Stratification at the Health District Level for Targeting Malaria Control Interventions in Mali
Authors: Mady Cissoko , Magassa Mahamadou , Sanogo Vincent , Ouologuem Abdoulaye , Sangaré Lansana , Diarra Modibo , Bationo Cedric , Dolo Amagoron , Bah Mamadou , Doumbia Sidy , Coulibaly Mamadou , Traoré Diahara , Sidibé Boubacar , Landier Jordi , Cissé Idrissa , Sacko Moussa , Gaudart Jean , Sagara Issaka
Published: July 2021

Introduction Malaria has been the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Mali, with an increase from 2017 to 2020 (2,884,837 confirmed cases and 1,454 deaths). On the recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) and for efficient use of resources, Mali has begun a process of malaria stratification. Method Malaria, entomological and environmental data were collected through the local health information system, the Demographic and Health Survey 2018, research institutions and MALI-METEO services. The WHO stratification based on malaria incidence was used to present a stratified malaria risk map. Environmental factors associated with malaria were identified using a general additive non-linear regression model. The classification and regression tree method was used to improve the stratification. Interventions were proposed according to the incidence stratification and the different environmental, entomological, access to care maps. Results From 2017 to 2019, the median incidence across the 75 health districts was 129.34 cases per 1,000 person-year (IQR=86.48). Stratification resulted in 12 health districts of very low, 19 low, 20 moderates and 24 in high transmission areas. Considering the environmental risk associated to malaria incidence, 6 environmental classes were selected. Four different strategies were proposed, from improving surveillance and response to epidemic in the very low and low zones, to access to care improvement in the moderate and high zone. Conclusion This stratification in Mali will allow targeting malaria control strategies
Sit-to-stand movement score and locomo-age to detect locomotive syndrome in older adults
Authors: Yamako Go , Punchihewa Niroshan G. , Arakawa Hideki , Tajima Takuya , Chosa Etsuo
Published: July 2021

Background Aging is characterized by biological changes, such as reductions in muscle strength and the loss of mobility and balance. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association proposed the term “locomotive syndrome” (LS) to define people at risk of requiring nursing care because of problems with locomotive system. A need exists to develop simple methods to quantify motor performance and allow the early detection of LS. Sit-to-stand (STS) movements are a mechanically demanding daily task and represent motor performance. Using the Nintendo Wii Balance Board (WBB), we have developed a novel method to quantify STS movements—the “STS score.” This study investigated differences in the STS score across LS severity in healthy older adults. To recognize motor performance easily, we then defined the “locomo-age” to represent the individual’s age based on the LS status.Methods We investigated whether the STS score can predict LS. This study enrolled 152 participants of 65 years and above. Participants were divided into three groups based on LS risk test results. Participants were instructed to stand up as quickly as possible on the WBB, and the STS score was calculated based on the combination of the speed and balance indices. We also evaluated motor status by calculating the peak power during STS and performing a timed up and go test and handgrip strength test. To calculate locomo-age, we used a regression equation between STS scores and age from a data set in our previous study.Results The LS stage was increased significantly with age, whereas the association with body mass index was not significant. The STS score and timed up and go results were good indicators to detect LS. However, neither peak power nor handgrip strength could significantly distinguish between the LS stages.Conclusions Measurement of the LS is important to assess older adults’ motor performance. The novel STS score is an easy-to-use method that requires limited space and only one person to operate. The STS score decreased significantly with the LS severity and thus could be used to assess LS in older adults. The locomo-age of the STS score is useful to understand the LS status.
Association between Cu/Zn/Iron/Ca/Mg levels and Chinese children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Zhu Haiquan , Mao Song , Li Wei
Published: July 2021

Objective: It is well documented that the macro/trace elements are associated with neurodevelopment. We aimed to investigate the relationship between copper (Cu)/ zinc (Zn)/iron/calcium (Ca)/magnesium (Mg) levels and cerebral palsy (CP) risk in Chinese children by performing a meta-analysis.Method: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Chinese WanFang databases from January 1985 to June 2019 to yield studies that met our predefined criteria. Fourteen studies were enrolled. Standard mean differences (SMDs) of Cu/Zn/Iron/Ca/Mg levels between CP cases and controls were calculated using the fixed-effects model or the random-effects model, in the presence of heterogeneity.95% confidence intervals (CI) were also computed. Results: A total of 14 studies including 1452 CP cases and 1538 controls were involved. CP cases showed significantly lower levels of Cu, Zn, iron and Ca than those in controls (95% CI:-4.960- -2.302, p<10-4; 95% CI:-4.061- -2.044, p<10-4; 95% CI:-1.873 - -0.776, p<10-4; 95% CI:-2.239- -0.487, p=0.002). Sensitivity analyses did not change the overall results markedly. No significant difference of Mg level between CP cases and controls (95% CI:-0.741-0.070, p=0.105) was observed. No marked publication bias was obseved.Conclusions: CP cases demonstrated significantly lower levels of Cu/Zn/iron/Ca than those in healthy controls. Lower levels of Cu/Zn/iron/Ca may be associated CP risk. Frequent monitoring and early intervention may be needed.
The Anxiolytic effect of salicylic acid is mediated via the GABAergic system
Authors: Motaghi Sahel , Herik Hadi Moghaddam Dizaj , Sepehri Gholamreza , Abbasnejad Mehdi , esmaeli-Mahani Saeed
Published: July 2021

Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural phenolic compound in plants with many beneficial effects for humans. The anxiolytic effect of this compound has been reported in animal models, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, by using the fear potentiated plus maze test, we evaluated the effect of salicylic acid on the gene expression of the main form of GABA synthesizing enzyme i.e., the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), in the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus. Also, the hypnotic effect of Salicylic acid was evaluated. Animals were divided into the solvent, (SA) and diazepam treated groups (n = 6). For evaluating the anxiolytic effect of Salicylic acid, animals were subjected to 2 hours of isolation, before placing them in the elevated plus maze (EPM). Afterward, the ventral part of the hippocampus was removed for evaluating the change in (GAD67) gene expression by the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) technique. The hypnotic effect of Salicylic acid was evaluated in the ketamine induced sleeping test. Our results showed that Salicylic acid at 10, 30 (mg/kg) increased time spent and entries to the open arms in the (EPM) (p < 0.05). (RTqPCR) revealed that 30mg/kg of Salicylic acid increased (GAD67) gene expression (p < 0.001). Salicylic acid (30 and 300 mg/kg) also increased the duration of sleep, in ketamine induced sleeping test (p < 0.05). Our results showed that Salicylic acid has anxiolytic and hypnotic effects and it exerts its anxiolytic effect partly, via up regulation of (GAD67) in the ventral part of the hippocampus.
Digital conversations about depression among Hispanics and non-Hispanics in the US: A big‐data, machine learning analysis
Authors: Castilla-Puentes Ruby , Dagar Anjali , Villanueva Dinorah , Jimenez-Parrado Laura , Valleta Liliana. Gil , Falcone Tatiana
Published: July 2021

Background

Digital conversations can offer unique information into the attitudes of Hispanics with depression outside of formal clinical settings and help generate useful information for medical treatment planning. Our study aimed to explore the big data from open-source digital conversations among Hispanics with regard to depression, specifically attitudes toward depression comparing Hispanics and non-Hispanics using machine learning technology.
Methods

Advanced machine‐learning empowered methodology was used to mine and structure open‐source digital conversations of self‐identifying Hispanics and non-Hispanics who endorsed suffering from depression and engaged in conversation about their tone, topics, and attitude towards depression. The search was limited to 12 months originating from US internet protocol (IP) addresses.
Results

A total of 441, 000 unique conversations about depression, including 43,000 (9.8%) for Hispanics, were posted. Source analysis revealed that 48% of conversations originated from topical sites compared to 16% on social media. Several critical differences were noted between Hispanics and non-Hispanics. In a higher percentage of Hispanics, their conversations portray “negative tone” due to depression (66% vs 39% non-Hispanics), show a resigned/hopeless attitude (44% vs. 30%) and were about ‘living with’ depression (44% vs. 25%). There were important differences in the author's determined sentiments behind the conversations among Hispanics and non-Hispanics.
Conclusion

In this first of its kind big data analysis of nearly a half-million digital conversations about depression using machine learning we found that Hispanics engage in an online conversation about negative, resigned, and hopeless attitude towards depression more often than non-Hispanic.
Big Optimization with Genetic Algorithms: Hadoop, Spark and MPI
Authors: Salto Carolina , Minetti Gabriela , Alba Enrique , Luque Gabriel
Published: July 2021

Solving problems of high dimensionality (and complexity) usually needs the intense use of technologies, like parallelism, advanced computers and new types of algorithms. MapReduce (MR) is a computing paradigm long time existing in computer science that has been proposed in the last years for dealing with big data applications, though it could also be used for many other tasks. In this article we address big optimization: the solution to large instances of combinatorial optimization problems by using MR as the paradigm to design solvers that allow transparent runs on a varied number of computers that collaborate to find the problem solution. We first investigate the influence of the used MR technology, then including Hadoop, Spark and MPI as the middleware plataforms to express genetic algorithms (GAs), arising the MRGA solvers, in a style different from the usual imperative transformational programming. Our objective is to confirm the expected benefits of these systems, namely file, memory and communication management, over the resulting algorithms. We analyze our MRGA solvers from relevant points of view like scalability, speedup, and communication vs. computation time in big optimization. The results for high dimensional datasets show that the MRGA over Hadoop outperforms the implementations in Spark and MPI frameworks. For the smallest datasets, the execution of MRGA on MPI is always faster than the executions of the remaining MRGAs. Finally, the MRGA over Spark presents the lowest communication times. Numerical and time insights are given in our work, so as to ease future comparisons of new algorithms over these three popular technologies.
Structural basis for recognition of two HLA-A2-restricted SARS-CoV-2 spike epitopes by public and private T cell receptors
Authors: Wu Daichao , Kolesnikov Alexander , Yin Rui , Guest Johnathan , Gowthaman Ragul , Shmelev Anton , Serdyuk Yana , Efimov Grigory , Pierce Brian , Mariuzza Roy
Published: July 2021

T cells play a vital role in combatting SARS-CoV-2 and in forming long-term memory responses. Whereas extensive structural information is available on neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, such information on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) bound to their peptide–MHC targets is lacking. We determined structures of a public and a private TCR from COVID-19 convalescent patients in complex with HLA-A2 and two SARS-CoV-2 spike protein epitopes (YLQ and RLQ). The structures revealed the basis for selection of particular TRAV and TRBV germline genes by the public but not the private TCR, and for the ability of both TCRs to recognize natural variants of YLQ and RLQ but not homologous epitopes from human seasonal coronaviruses. By elucidating the mechanism for TCR recognition of an immunodominant yet variable epitope (YLQ) and a conserved but less commonly targeted epitope (RLQ), this study can inform prospective efforts to design vaccines to elicit pan-coronavirus immunity.
Functional reprogramming of monocytes in acute and
convalescent severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Brauns Elisa , Azouz Abdulkader , Grimaldi David , Xiao Hanxi , Thomas Séverine , Nguyen Muriel , Olislagers Véronique , Duc Ines Vu , Cano Carmen Orte , Marmol Véronique Del , Pannus Pieter , Libert Frédérick , Saussez Sven , Dauby Nicolas , Das Jishnu , Marchant Arnaud , Goriely Stanislas
Published: July 2021

Severe COVID-19 disease is associated with dysregulation of the myeloid compartment during acute infection. Survivors frequently experience long-lasting sequelae but little is known about the eventual persistence of this immune alteration. Herein, we evaluated Toll-like receptor-induced cytokine responses in a cohort of mild to critical patients during acute or convalescent phases (n=97). In the acute phase, we observed impaired cytokine production by monocytes in the most severe patients. This capacity was globally restored in convalescent patients. Yet, we observed increased responsiveness to TLR1/2 ligation in patients that recovered from severe disease, indicating that these cells display distinct functional properties at the different stages of the disease. We identified a specific transcriptomic and epigenomic state in monocytes from acute severe patients that can account for their functional refractoriness. The molecular profile of monocytes from recovering patients was distinct and characterized by increased chromatin accessibility at AP-1 and MAF loci. These results demonstrate that severe COVID-19 infection has a profound impact on the differentiation status and function of circulating monocytes both during the acute and the convalescent phases in a completely distinct manner. This could have important implications for our understanding of short and long-term COVID19-related morbidity.
The process of carcinogenesis described by mathematical formulas
Authors: MADEJ JANUSZ A.
Published: July 2021

The paper presents neoplasms as dissipative structures formed de novo in the host organism under conditions far from thermodynamic equilibrium. The neoplastic process has also been described as a form of random ”blastoid regeneration” (Fig. 2), and the use of information theory elements in this process has been shown to be expedient. The dissipative (precancerous) state may regress, or a thermodynamic branch may develop, and from it – as a result of neoplastic transformation – neoplasm, as illustrated in Figure 4, in the form of an ontogenetic ”tree”. Structures dissipative with fluctuating changes can probably create more and more organized formations, and thus the molecular level would explain Darwin’s theory of evolution and selection. Neoplasms are emergent structures created in the creative process and as disordered and unstable systems, they tend to the state of thermodynamic equilibrium, i.e. death. Their death can be accelerated by anti-cancer therapy or they die with the death of the macro-organism.
Phosphorus recovery by struvite precipitation: a review of the impact of calcium on struvite quality
Authors: Enyemadze Isaac , Momade Francis W. Y. , Oduro-Kwarteng Sampson , Essandoh Helen
Published: July 2021

Precipitation of phosphorus (P) as a struvite product from wastewater and local magnesium (Mg) sources is considered as a high economical prudent venture, as it has shown to bring down the cost of producing the product. However, there is a significant concentration of calcium (Ca) in these Mg and most wastewater sources. The presence of Ca in wastewater and Mg sources during struvite precipitation has been shown to negatively affect the quality of the struvite produced. The low struvite quality greatly impedes its use as a fertiliser given the economic value of the product as an alternative P fertiliser. This review paper provides an understanding of how the presence of Ca affects the purity, crystal size, and morphology of the struvite. Different methods that have been used to mitigate the effect of Ca on struvite quality have been reviewed. The factors that affect the recovery of P and the percentage recoveries of P by different Mg sources have also been reviewed. This paper serves as a basis for further research where the possibility of removing Ca from wastewater and Mg sources is explored. When Ca is removed before struvite precipitation is carried out, the quality of the product will be greatly improved.
Hydrochemical characteristics and groundwater quality appraisal for irrigation uses in the Lan-gan region, Northern Anhui Province, East China
Authors: Ma Jie , Chen Song , Ding Diandian , Zhao Jingyu
Published: July 2021

Lan-gan region, one of traditional agricultural production base in northern Anhui Province, East China, has rare hydrochemical reports on the formation mechanism and irrigation assessment of the Quaternary deeper confined groundwater aquifer. To better master hydrochemical characteristics, solute source, and irrigation properties, twenty-five water samples were collected from individual wells. The Gibbs diagram, Piper diagram, ionic ratio, and multivariate statistical analysis were carried out to delineate the hydrochemical facies and water–rock interactions. Meanwhile, USSL and Wilcox diagrams, and irrigation water quality indices were conducted to illustrate the suitability for irrigation. The results indicate that cations and anions are in the order of Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ >K+ and HCO3− > SO42− > Cl−, respectively. Ca-HCO3 is the main hydrochemical type. Water–rock interactions include silicate weathering, carbonate dissolution, halite dissolution and sulfate dissolution. Based on electrical conductivity (EC) value, the majority of the samples are permissible for irrigation, whereas only 12% of the samples were found good for irrigation. The risidual sodium carbonate (RSC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and percentage sodium (%Na), combined with Wilcox and USSL diagrams, demonstrate that the groundwater samples are permissible for irrigation purposes.
Comparative study for designing the horizontal thrust blocks in pipelines for water and sewage networks
Authors: Hussien Osama S.
Published: July 2021

The thrust block is one of the most widely recognized methods of resisting thrust forces. This type of infrastructure should be installed in bends, dead ends, tees and wyes. Thrust blocks perform the function of transferring thrust force to the ground safely. Thrust block dimensions are designed based on hydrostatic pressures, bend angles, and soil properties in the surrounding area. Several codes exist for designing thrust blocks, but we focus on Egyptian code for design and implementation of pipelines for drinking water and sewage networks (ECDIPWSN) and the American Water Works Association (AWWA). In this methodology, the steps of thrust block design by the codes are demonstrated and applied individually to one of the published papers. The goal of the study was to find the optimum percentages between the dimensions of the block in the two codes and to compare the quantity of concrete after the block was designed by each code. Based on the research, it was found that the concrete amount of the block designed by AWWA was smaller than that designed by ECDIPWSN.
Green synthesis strategy for producing doped and undoped ZnO nanoparticles: their photocatalytic studies for industrial dye degradation
Authors: A. Ahamed Fazil , Narayanan Sheeba , Begum Meera S. , Manikandan G. , Yuvashree M.
Published: July 2021

A facile and green method for synthesizing Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was successfully carried out using unutilized sweet lime; i.e., Citrus Limetta rind pulp (U-CLRP) extract. The structural, morphological and optical studies were elucidated to confirm the crystallinity, size, and shape of the synthesized NPs. Copper doping on ZnO NPs (CZnO NPs) was carried out to enhance the optical properties. The as-prepared and doped nanoparticle's potential for efficient degradation of a commercial dye, Methylene Blue (MB), was tested under Ultraviolet (UV) and visible light radiation. ZnO NPs showed promising results for dye degradation while an improved result was witnessed for CZnO NPs. ZnO NPs showed 74% of degradation of MB dye under UV irradiation and 57% degradation under visible light radiation. CZnO NPs presented 85 and 90% degradation in the UV and visible radiation, respectively. This green reduction method utilizing biological waste sources shows a promising path for photocatalysts to be developed economically as well as efficiently in the future. These CZnO/ ZnO NPs proved their potential for embedding them as efficient catalysts for wastewater treatment plants of textile industries.
Research of physical and chemical processes associated with corrosion of cements (“Caking”) in dampy wet air
Authors: Krutilin A. A. , Krapchetova T. V. , Inkova N. A. , Pakhomova O. K.
Published: July 2021

Objective. The paper is aimed at clarifying the mechanism and kinetics of the processes leading to cement caking. Methods. To determine phase composition, the following modern physical and chemical methods were used: XRF, derivatography and electron microscopy. Results. The data obtained show that the “aging” of cements during their forced storage in humid air through the adsorption of water vapor, and then CO2, is associated with the processes of hydrolysis, hydration in surface layers of particles, is primarily relevant for the most reactive minerals of Portland cement clinker. The deepening of these processes also depends on the state of the corroded surface of minerals. Conclusion. The work carried out makes it is possible to preliminarily outline storage conditions for freshly ground Portland cements (according to the kinetics of sorption – the storage duration, according to isotherms – the permissible relative humidity), at which the LOI value of commercial cement remains stable for the required minimum time.
Effects of moisture accumulation in outer walls on thermal mode of premises in case of emergency heat supply
Authors: Rafalskaya T. A.
Published: July 2021

Objective. In the case of a coupled supply of heat in a heat supply system, engineering structures act as a heat accumulator. Therefore, when calculating the premises cooling time in case of accidents in a heating network, it is necessary to take into account not only weather conditions, but also a decrease in the flow of heat from the heat supply system, since at low outside temperatures the heat loss in premises is greater than the heat supply, which will lead to the accumulation of moisture in materials of the structures. Methods. To build a model of internal conditions in premises when the heat supply system operates in emergency mode, the humidity potential theory was applied, which allows calculating the humidity mode of engineering structures under various non-periodic exposures. Results. A method for calculating moisture accumulation in outer walls of residential premises using the moisture potential theory is proposed. Conclusion. The impact of moisture accumulation on heat accumulation in outer walls and the dynamics of internal air temperature in premises under emergency conditions of the heat supply system operation has been determined.
Methods for assessing the efficiency of access control subsystems at informatization facilities of internal affairs bodies and aspects of their improvement
Authors: Batskikh A. V. , Konobeevskikh V. V. , Efimov S. V.
Published: July 2021

Objective.The purpose of the article is to analyse the existing methodology used toassess the efficiency of automated information security systems by studying open literature sources,international and industry standards of the Russian Federation on information security of automatedsystems, guidelines and orders of the Federal Service for Technical and Expert Control of Russia, aswell as departmental orders, instructions and regulations on information security at informatizationfacilities of internal affairs bodies. The analysis results in identifying the advantages and disadvantages of the specified methodology, as well as the possibilities of its use when conducting a quantitative assessment of the efficiency of access control subsystems of information security systems at theinformatization facilities of internal affairs bodies.Methods.To achieve this goal, the method for system analysis of approaches used to assess the efficiency of information security tools and systems hasbeen applied.Results.The paper presents results of analysing the main approaches used to assess theefficiency of tools and systems for information security of automated systems. The paper determinesthe relationship between the efficiency indicator of access control subsystems of information securitysystems and the main disadvantage of their use in protected automated systems of internal affairs bodies. The paper substantiates main directions of improving the existing methodology, proposes methodsand indicators for quantifying the efficiency of access control subsystems (including those modified onthe basis of using new information and communication technologies) of information security systemsin protected automated systems of internal affairs bodies.Conclusion.The results obtained can beused to quantify the security level of existing automated systems and those being developed at informatization facilities of internal affairs bodies.
Hybrid algorithms for geospatial analysis of dam location points in protective tasks for protected areas
Authors: Rodriguez Vasquez S. , Mokrova N. V.
Published: July 2021

Objective. In recent decades, criteria for identifying potential areas have evolved hand in hand with technological tools such as geographic information systems (GIS). However, the criteria for the preservation of protected areas are often not taken into account, thus causing damage to environmental biodiversity that can become irreparable. This paper presents the way of optimizing the process of locating key terrain points by developing a hybrid algorithm for geospatial analysis in QGIS. The goal is to speed up computational time, which is a critical variable for the entire key point detection process, and to suggest potential areas that do not pose a threat to biodiversity. Methods. The strategy used is based on two fundamental assumptions: identifying the tops of spatial objects (rivers) and analyzing the distances between spatial objects (rivers and adjacent territories). The tops extraction allows obtaining potential points, while the distance analysis allows selecting among them those points that are in the range acceptable for locating a dam, provided that the least possible damage to the biodiversity of the adjacent territory is caused. The algorithm was validated using the example of the hydrological network of Manicaragua, Cuba. Results. The results were compared in terms of the calculation time used, the number of valid tops extracted, and the percentage reduction in the total number of areas. This comparison was made using one, two and three vector layers (.shp) with spatial objects representing strategic protected areas. Conclusion. The results obtained show that the more representative the space data (.shp) used, the more effective the results obtained using the algorithm are in relation to environmental protection tasks. A reduction of up to 13% from originally detected key points has been achieved.
Development of automated balance flow-sheets in refinery commodity and feedstock depots
Authors: Trufanov Yu. S.
Published: July 2021

Objective. Development of automated balance flow-sheets in commodity and feedstock depots. Methods. Methods for modelling balance flow-sheets of commodity and feedstock depots, taking into account petroleum products movement and shipping plans, were applied. Results. Examples of automated balance flow-sheets of commodity and feedstock depots specific to refineries are given with the description of technological processes or oil product shipment processes. Rail, road, water, and pipelines shipment automation processes are shown. Operational and daily summaries of balance objects, such as a tank or a group of tanks (commodity group), are graphically shown. An example of an automated dispatch sheet formed on the basis of corresponding automated balance flow-sheets is given. Conclusion. The implementation of automated flow-sheets for all significant production facilities at a refinery, in particular for commodity and feedstock depots, will ensure the visibility and transparency of information on balance objects, which is subsequently used to close a balance sheet for the enterprise as a whole.
Measures to improve energy efficiency of building utility systems
Authors: Gavrilov A. S. , Sergeev A. E.
Published: July 2021

Objective. The goal of the study is to identify ways to improve energy efficiency by conducting a comprehensive analysis of engineering systems of a house, taking into account the existing model of energy supply and by monitoring the indicators of influence on the efficiency of engineering and technical equipment. Methods. The main method is based on a survey of the level of energy efficiency of heating and hot water supply systems. Results. The article discusses the concept of energy efficiency of a building, energy efficiency class, main utility systems of a residential building, indicators of influence on the state of systems, engineering component and ways to improve it. The article addresses issues related to a full analysis of existing systems in order to assess the implementation of necessary energy-saving measures, as well as their risks and benefits. The possibilities of controlling energy consumption and efficiency of works carried out due to the reconstruction of utility systems of the building have been determined. The results of the analysis of energy-efficient measures, and the feasibility of implementing each of them have been determined in order to identify optimal solutions. Conclusion. Increasing the energy efficiency of building utility systems is one of the priority tasks for creating comfortable living conditions. The energy efficiency class of building utility systems is established according to the state of a system, takes into account all quality indicators for energy consumption, and the energy certificate fully shows the level of energy efficiency.
Influence of air layer on temperature and humidity characteristics of outer envelope structure with internal heat insulation
Authors: Dobrosmyslov S. S. , Rozhkova N. N. , Rozhkova A. F. , Perkova M. A. , Aliev S. A.
Published: July 2021

Objective. The article addresses the process of heat and mass transfer in outer envelope structure with internal heat insulation. To prevent condensate formation, it is proposed to use a ventilated air duct inside the wall structure. Methods. The study was carried out using numerical simulation methods. Air movement in the duct was described by solving the Navier-Stokes equation in k-ε approximation. Condensate formation was analysed via joint resolution of heat conduction and diffusion equations. The problem of heat and mass transfer was addressed for a structure with internal heat insulation, behind the layer of which an air duct was located with air movement occurring due to natural or forced convection. Results. As part of the work, it was shown that the use of an air duct significantly reduces the thermal resistance of the structure, and an increase in the airflow rate leads to a decrease in thermal resistance and the likelihood of condensate formation. A decrease in thermal resistance with an increase in air flow rate into interlayers occurs faster than an increase in the amount of air-entrained moisture. Conclusion. Results of the work have shown that the use of an air duct throughout the entire period of operation of a building is not effective, but it is proposed to use this duct periodically in winter to dry the condensate.
Increasing the pump energy efficiency of the system for discharging liquefied natural gas from large-capacity storage facilities via design improvement
Authors: Baranov A. Yu. , Davydenko M. I. , Sokolova Ye. V. , Filatova O. A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Objective. To determine the most relevant way to improve the energy efficiency of the system for discharging liquefied natural gas (LNG) from large-capacity storage facilities. Methods. The method of analysis of existing systems for LNG discharge from storage tanks was used to identify critical (emergency) elements of the system to be improved and possible options of improving structural elements. Results. The operation of the system for discharging LNG from storage tanks was analysed and its main characteristics were described. Main problems associated with designing and building borehole pumps, as well as goals and tasks of designing new borehole pump structures were studied. The main types of LNG borehole pumps, their varieties, and types of drives were studied to choose the most optimal new option of improving pumps for systems for discharging LNG from storage tanks. Further, it will be necessary to calculate geometric parameters of the hydroturbine and operation modes of its wheel being in connection with the centrifugal pump wheel. Conclusion. Experience of using storage facilities shows that LNG pumps are the most critical units significantly increasing production risks. Therefore, the LNG borehole pump design improvement was chosen as a method to increase the energy efficiency of the system for discharging LNG from large-capacity storage facilities. Based on the considered advantages and disadvantages of structural elements of the existing LNG borehole pump design, we chose the replacement of the electric pump drive with an alternative one as the most optimal improvement method.