bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the study of the foraminifera
Authors: Carpenter W. B. , Parker W. R. , Jones T. Rupert , Hardwicke R.
Published: April 2021

After the lapse of five years Dr. Carpenter follows with his promised introduction to Professor Williamson’s recent ‘Foraminifcra.’ The subscribers to the Ray Society, like other unreasonable people, have undoubtedly complained of the delay. But no one, we think, who understands the nature of scientific research will feel that the subscribers to the Ray Society have lost anything. To be sure, five years makes a large vacancy in any man’s existence, but then, when it has been industriously used, what may not be the advantage ? That the five years have been employed to the advantage of the members of the Ray Society and the readers, we leave Dr. Carpenter himself to set forth :
Observations and reflections on the appendages and on the nervous system of apus cancriformis
Authors: Lankester E. Ray
Published: April 2021

Apus Cancriformis is in many respects one of the most important of the Crustacea. Not only is it of exceptionally large size for one of the Entomostraca, and therefore suited to anatomical investigation, but it possesses peculiarities of organisation which mark it out (together with its immediate congeners, the Phyllopoda) as an archaic form, probably standing nearer to the extinct ancestors of the Crustacea than any other living members of the group.
Note on the Development of Amphibians, chiefly concerning the Central Nervous System; with Additional Observations on the Hypophysis, Mouth, and the Appendages and Skeleton of the Head
Authors: Orr Henry
Published: April 2021

The material for the investigations which are described in this article was collected at Princeton, N.J., except a few specimens of Triton alpinus kindly given me by Professor H. F. Osborn. Through a failure to obtain adult specimens at the time when I obtained the embryos, there remains room for doubt as to the exact species of the embryos. The Ambly-stoma embryos correspond exactly to Clarke’s1 description of the embryos of Amblystoma punctatum, but there is one difference in the appearance of the egg-membranes which leads me to think that this may be a different species from that described by Clarke. It is, perhaps, A. bicolor, for which Jordan2 gives only the habitat New Jersey. The Frog embryos are either Rana halecina or R. palustris. I judge them to be the former. In the stages of development with which my work has dealt there are probably no specific differences in the embryos.
The Structure and Development of the Hairs of Monotremes and Marsupials: Part I.—Monotremes
Authors: Spencer Baldwin , Sweet Georgina
Published: April 2021

IN his paper dealing with the structure of the bill and hairs of Ornithorhynchus,1 Mr. Poulton has described the structure of the hair in an embryo of Ornithorhynchus measuring 8·3 cm. long, in which the larger hairs had appeared above the surface of the skin. Thanks to the kindness of Professor J. T. Wilson, of Sydney, we have been able to study much earlier stages as developed in an embryo measuring 40 mm. in length, the same embryo upon which he and Dr. Martin have already worked when studying the structure of the bill. To Mr. Dudley le Souef we are indebted for an embryo measuring 77 cm., in which the hairs have not yet appeared above the surface, and to Dr. Gregg Wilson for pieces of skin of an embryo of the same age. In the case of Echidna we have been able to study the structure of an embryo measuring 55 mm. in length in which the tips of the larger hairs, which subsequently become modified into spines, have just appeared above the surface, and we are again indebted to Dr. Gregg Wilson for pieces of skin of an embryo of the same age. Owing to the fact that in different parts of the body the hairs are not all developed to the same extent, we have been able to study various stages—in the youngest one of which the follicle is only just formed, while in the oldest the largest hairs are well developed.
Hydroids from Wood’s Holl, Mass. Hypolytus peregrinus, a New Unattached Marine Hydroid: Corynitis Agassizii and its Medusa
Authors: Murbach L.
Published: April 2021

During the last part of the summer of 1895, while searching for the larvae of Gonionemus1 in tow and dredgings from the eel pond at Wood’s Holl, a curious little hydroid polyp was found. At the time it was sketched, and a few notes made on the supposition that it was the larval form of some other hydroid, perhaps a Tubularian. In the following summer forms of the same kind with gonophores were found. This left no doubt that it was after all a mature form, but the limited number of specimens warranted no further conclusion than that the animal would probably prove interesting on account of its unattached condition, a character which would not have been remarkable in a larval form. Nothing like a perisarc was at first thought to be present, for, as was after-ward learned, there was simply a tubular secretion, only shreds of which remained on the captured polyps.
Well-Being, Poverty, and Labor Income Taxation: Theory and Application to Europe and the United States
Authors: Maniquet François , Neumann Dirk
Published: April 2021

In a model where agents differ in wages and preferences over labor time–consumption bundles, we study labor income tax schemes that alleviate poverty. To avoid conflict with individual well-being, we require redistribution to take place between agents on both sides of the poverty line provided they have the same labor time. This requirement is combined with efficiency and robustness properties. Maximizing the resulting social preferences under incentive compatibility constraints yields the following evaluation criterion: tax schemes should minimize the labor time required to reach the poverty line. We apply this criterion to European countries and the United States. (JEL H23, H24, I31, I32, J22)
Laughter down-regulates negative emotional arousal amongst friends
Authors: Borrelli Mimi , sinha vikram , Scott Sophie
Published: April 2021

Laughter is contagious, sensitive to social context, and can be used to mitigate negative emotional states. This experiment tested whether moments of transition from negative to positive affect were associated with more laughter if in familiar compared to unfamiliar company. 90 participants (47 females, mean age 20.61 years), either familiar (N=42) or unfamiliar (N=48) to the principle researcher, were randomly assigned to listen to 44 seconds of music which induced a fearful affect, positive affect or a neutral mood, followed by 30 seconds of infectious laughter (N=30/group). Filmed facial expressions were coded for four dependent variables (duration: half smile; full smile; laugh, and extent: peak mirth) of amusement in response to the laughter. Familiar participants fully smiled for longer than unfamiliar participants (F(1,84)=4.15, p=.045). There was an affect-familiarity interaction for peak mirth (F(2,84)=4.68, p=.01), time spent half smiling F(2,84)=5.00, p=.009), and fully smiling (F(2,84)=3.48, p=.035). Post hoc analyses revealed familiar participants exhibited greater peak mirth and smiled (half and full) for longer than unfamiliar participants in the fearful affect condition.  Laughter and positive emotions may be used to moderate negative arousal more amongst people known to each other than amongst strangers.
A 2x2 randomised factorial SWAT of the use of a pen and small, financial incentive to improve recruitment rates in a randomised controlled trial of yoga for older adults with multimorbidity
Authors: Fairhurst Caroline , Roche Jenny , Bissell Laura , Hewitt Catherine , Hugill-Jones Jess , Howsam Jenny , Maturana Camila S , Corbacho Martin Belen , Paul Shirley-Anne S , Rose Fi , Torgerson David J , Ward Lesley , Wiley Laura , Tew Garry A
Published: April 2021

Background: Monetary and other incentives may increase recruitment to randomised controlled trials.

Methods: This was a 2x2 factorial ‘study within a trial’ of including a pen and/or £5 with a postal recruitment pack to improve randomisation rate (primary outcome) into the host Gentle Years Yoga trial in older adults with multimorbidity. Secondary outcomes: return, and time to return, of screening form, and the cost per additional participant recruited. Binary data were analysed using logistic regression and time to return data using Cox proportional hazards regression. 

Results: 818 potential host trial participants included. Between those sent a pen (n=409) and not sent a pen (n=409), there was no evidence of a difference in the likelihood of being randomised (15 (3.7%) versus 11 (2.7%); OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.63–3.04), in returning a screening form (66 (16.1%) versus 61 (14.9%); OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.75–1.61) nor in time to return the screening form (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.77–1.55). There was evidence of improved screening return rates (77 (18.8%) versus 50 (12.2%); OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.13–2.45) and time to return screening form (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.09–2.22) but not randomisation (14 (3.4%) versus 12 (2.9%); OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.54–2.57) in those sent £5 (n=409) compared with those not sent £5 (n=409). No significant interaction effects between the interventions were observed. The cost per additional participant recruited was £32 for the pen and £1000 for the £5 incentive.

Conclusion: Including a small, monetary incentive encouraged increased and faster response to the recruitment invitation but did not result in more participants being randomised into the host trial. Since it is relatively costly, we do not recommend this intervention for use to increase recruitment in this population. Pens are cheaper but did not provide evidence of benefit. Further studies may be required.
Identifying Care Home Residents in Electronic Health Records - An OpenSAFELY Short Data Report
Authors: Schultze Anna , Bates Chris , Cockburn Jonathan , MacKenna Brian , Nightingale Emily , Curtis Helen J. , Hulme William J. , Morton Caroline E. , Croker Richard , Bacon Seb , McDonald Helen I , Rentsch Christopher T , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Mathur Rohini , Tomlinson Laurie A , Williamson Elizabeth J , Forbes Harriet , Tazare John , Grint Daniel J , Walker Alex J. , Inglesby Peter , DeVito Nicholas J , Mehrkar Amir , Hickman George , Davy Simon , Ward Tom , Fisher Louis , Evans David , Wing Kevin , Wong Angel YS , McManus Robert , Parry John , Hester Frank , Harper Sam , Evans Stephen JW , Douglas Ian J , Smeeth Liam , Eggo Rosalind M. , Goldacre Ben
Published: April 2021

Background: Care home residents have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Electronic Health Records (EHR) hold significant potential for studying the healthcare needs of this vulnerable population; however, identifying care home residents in EHR is not straightforward. We describe and compare three different methods for identifying care home residents in the newly created OpenSAFELY-TPP data analytics platform. 

Methods: Working on behalf of NHS England, we identified individuals aged 65 years or older potentially living in a care home on the 1st of February 2020 using (1) a complex address linkage, in which cleaned GP registered addresses were matched to old age care home addresses using data from the Care and Quality Commission (CQC); (2) coded events in the EHR; (3) household identifiers, age and household size to identify households with more than 3 individuals aged 65 years or older as potential care home residents. Raw addresses were not available to the investigators.

Results: Of 4,437,286 individuals aged 65 years or older, 2.27% were identified as potential care home residents using the complex address linkage, 1.96% using coded events, 3.13% using household size and age and 3.74% using either of these methods. 53,210 individuals (32.0% of all potential care home residents) were classified as care home residents using all three methods. Address linkage had the largest overlap with the other methods; 93.3% of individuals identified as care home residents using the address linkage were also identified as such using either coded events or household age and size. 

Conclusion: We have described the partial overlap between three methods for identifying care home residents in EHR, and provide detailed instructions for how to implement these in OpenSAFELY-TPP to support research into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on care home residents.
Large-Scale Bundle-Size Pricing: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Abdallah Tarek , Asadpour Arash , Reed Josh
Published: April 2021

Can you sell multiple items by providing only prices for different sizes of bundles rather than the different possible combinations of them? In this paper, we provide a framework for understanding “bundle-size pricing” (or simply, BSP) where only a menu of bundle sizes and their corresponding prices are offered. Although BSP is commonly used across several industries, little is known about the optimal BSP policy in terms of sizes and prices, along with the theoretical properties of its profit. In this paper, we provide a simple and tractable theoretical framework to analyze the large-scale BSP problem where a multiproduct firm is selling a large number of products. We characterize the circumstances under which such policies perform well by studying the effect of various factors such as marginal cost or customers’ budget on the performance of BSP and identify possible causes of its inefficiency.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO DAN DIVERSIFIKASI PENDAPATAN TERHADAP RISIKO BANK (Studi pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: Putri Ulan Lestiana , Rinofah Risal , Mujino Mujino
Published: April 2021

The research aims to determine the influence of profitability, Capital Adequacy Ratio and revenue diversification against the risk of Bank. This study used case study on the banking companies and used the banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in period 2014-2018 as the population. The research used purposive sampling technique.The data analysis techniques used statistical descriptive test, classical assumption testing (normality test, autocorrelation test, multicolinearity test, and heteroskedasticity test). Hypothesis testing used multiple linear regression analysis. The data quality testing used T test, F test and determination test. The results showed that profitability, Capital Adequacy Ratio partially had a negative and significant influence on the bank risk, while the revenue diversification had a positive influence on the bank risk. Simultaneously, the profitability, CAR and diversification of revenues had a significant influence on the bank risk.
ANALISIS PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS, PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, OPERATING CAPACITY, DAN BIAYA AGENSI MANAJERIAL TERHADAP FINANCIAL DISTRESS
Authors: Pawitri Arsinda Inggar , Alteza Muniya
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of liquidity, profitability, leverage, operating capacity, and managerial agency costs on financial distress in manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research period used was 2015-2017. The type of this research was associative causal with quantitative approach. The population of this study includes all manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, and obtained as many as 84 companies, consists of 42 companies that experienced financial distress, and 42 companies that didn’t experience financial distress as comparison company. Data analysis conducted through logistic regression. Based on this research, it was concluded that liquidity proxied by current ratio had no effect to financial distress. Profitability proxied by return on asset had no effect on financial distress. Leverage proxied by debt to asset ratio had a significant and possitiveeffect on financial distress. Operating capacity proxied with total asset turnover had no effect on financial distress. Managerial Agency costs had no effect on financial distress. The Nagelkerke R Square’s score in this study was 0.491 which means that the ability of liquidity, profitability, leverage, operating capacity, and managerial agency were able to explain the variable of financial distress condition by 49.1%. The remaining of 50.9% dependent variables were explained by other factors outside the model.
ANALISIS PENGARUH CELEBRITY ENDORSE RIZKY FEBIAN TERHADAP MINAT PEMBELIAN PRODUK TEH KOTAK RASA BUAH (STUDI KASUS PADA MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN BANTUL)
Authors: Intan Danti Shela , Hardjanti Sri
Published: April 2021

Celebrity endorser has become one popular approach for marketing communication. This study aims to determine the effect of using celebrity endorser on customer’s buying intentions. This study focus on variables on celebrity endorser which are trust, honesty, and attractiveness and their effect on customer’s buying intentions. Object of this study are customers of fruit flavored tea product. Data collection technique is questionnaire that are distributed to customers at productive age in Bantul Regency Yogyakarta. By using SPSS to analyze the data, this study found that Celebrity Endorser’s variables which are trust, honesty, and attractiveness have a positife effect on customer’s buying interest.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN JIWA KEWIRAUSAHAAN MAHASISWA JURUSAN AKUNTANSI SYARIAH DAN EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: Desyafitri Amkhana , Atieq Muhammad Qoes
Published: April 2021

Students in the millennial era now have many who run the business. Entrepreneurial spirit slowly grows in students. Not infrequently, many students study while doing entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurial spirit in this study refers to the explanation (Meredith, 1992 ) of the region. The entrepreneurial spirit that is owned by oneself consists of self-confidence, task-oriented, and outcome, dare to take risks, have leadership spirit, originality (authenticity) of business, and oriented into the future. The purpose of this study is to find out and explain the comparison of the Entrepreneurial Spirit in the department of sharia accounting and sharia economics. This type of research is a comparative descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Retrieving data using online questionnaires distributed to students majoring in accounting and economics sharia IAIN Sheikh Nurjati Cirebon. A sample is used as much as 186 people from the respondents accounting majors sharia as much as 93 and majoring in Islamic economics as much as 93. Whereas the data analysis uses descriptive analysis, inferential analysis, and one way ANOVA to compare. The results showed that there was no difference between the spirit of entrepreneurship in the department of sharia accounting and sharia economics.
BATIK GUMELEM BANJARNEGARA SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK IDENTIFIKASI MEREK KONSUMEN
Authors: Adhilla Fitroh , Sutanto Aftoni , Siswanto Agus
Published: April 2021

Banjarnegara as one of the batik producing centers in the Indonesia, namely in the Susukan District, which borders the Banyumas area. However, Batik Gumelem is not as famous as Batik Pekalongan, Batik Solo, or Batik Banyumas. The aim of this research is to analyze the  effect of social identity to positif words of mouth that mediated of consumer brand identification. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Primary data were obtained through distributing questionnaires to 185 respondents who knew about Batik Gumelem Banjarnegara. Validity testing uses confirmatory factor analysis and all items have factor loading above 0,6. Reliability testing uses cronbach’s alpha and all variables have cronbach’s alpha above 0,6. The data analysis method uses regression with mediating variable. The results showed that social identity has a positive effect on positive word of mouth, social identity has a positive effect on consumer brand identification, and consumer brand identification has a positive effect on positive word of mouth. Consumer brand identification as role as mediating variable. This shows that Batik Gumelem is perceived to have the power to be able to create an identity for consumers and lead to behavior to disseminate information about Batik Gumelem to others.
ANALISIS EFEK KONSEKUENSI PENILAIAN KINERJA PADA MOTIVASI DAN PRODUKTIVITAS KARYAWAN: STUDI PADA TRIBUNNEWS.COM-SOLO
Authors: Maimunah Afifatul , Pradana Handrio Adhi
Published: April 2021

Performance appraisal is acknowledged as one of the most important human resource practices. A performance appraisal system is a critically needed tool for effective human resource management if it is done systematically and effectively. This research examined whether performance appraisal influences employee motivation and employee productivity in Tribunnews.com-Solo. This research was conducted in Solo and the samples of this research were 50 employees of Tribunnews.com-Solo. This research was conducted in the quantitative method by using questionnaires for collecting the data. The data were analyzed with a linear regression test and normality test by using SPSS 25. The results of this research shows that performance appraisal has positive influences on the employee’s motivation and productivity.
A Review on Chemical and Ecological Status of Lonar Lake
Authors: Surve R. R. , Shirke A. V. , Athalye R. R. , Sangare M. M.
Published: April 2021

Meteoric impact crater Lonar Lake is located in Buldhana district of Maharashtra always remained as point of attraction among the researchers of different fields since many decades as it has rich chemical and biological diversity in it. Physicochemical qualities of water samples were analysed by many researchers and revealed that, the water is alkaline with high pH and categorised by high concentration of Alkalinity, Sulphate, sodium, Total dissolved solids, Magnesium, Chloride and Dissolved Oxygen. Due to this, interesting microbial complexity have been developed across the Lake. From this review, it is found that alkalinity has been decreased by nearly 19 percent, salinity nearby 7 percent and therefore its pH is seen to drop up to 6.2. This decreases is mainly due to process of sedimentation of salt at the bottom of the Lake. This has affected the living of Micro-organism. Many researches have been carried to study the nature of Lonar Lake from different fields. Therefore, an attempt is made to assemble important aspects of Lonar Lake from various fields. Conservation of Lonar Lake with proper management is necessary as it has uniqueness and beauty in itself.
Land Use Changes in Turkish Territories: Patterns, Directions and Socio-Economic Impacts on Territorial Management
Authors: Genç Sema Yılmaz , Behradfar Arian , Castanho Rui Alexandre , Kırıkkaleli Derviş , Gómez José Manuel Naranjo , Loures Luís
Published: April 2021

Human activities have been changing the Earth's cover at an unparalleled scale. In this regard, and cover mapping is a decisive advantage for several kinds of research. Also, the outcomes from these investigations could be applied to plan a sustainable regional governance policy. This article studied land-use changes in the Turkish Territories in 1990, 2000, 2012, and 2018 using the Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) data. The results showed a significant and gradual land-use change from agricultural to mostly artificial surfaces. The majority of land-use changes are related to industrial and commercial units and construction sites. The most degraded agricultural land uses are non-irrigated arable land and pastures, while there is an increasing trend in permanently irrigated land. This study's outcome can be considered a surveying baseline for the comparative analysis of similar works for different land-use change trends in Europe or worldwide. Landuse change studies are reliable tools to evaluate the human activities and footprint of proposed strategies and policies in a territory. This article also enables us to understand that Turkey's decisive actors should design development policies to encourage industrial investments and agricultural ventures in Turkey and adapt the land-use/land cover strategies to mitigate agricultural land fragmentation.
Entre La Pampa y El Mar: Sarmiento, Hernández e um Bosquejo Histórico-Literário Sobre a Gênese do Pensamento Geopolítico Argentino l Between La Pampa and The Sea: Sarmiento, Hernández and a Brief Historical-Literary Note on The Genesis Of Argentine Geopolitical Thinking
Authors: Peixoto Gabriel Rodrigues
Published: April 2021

A dialética histórica entre forças telúricas e talassocráticas teve clara manifestação no desenvolvimento bifurcado do pensamento geopolítico argentino no século XX. É certo afirmar que em suas elucubrações conceituais, com vistas a reafirmar a dialética de raiz mackinderiana na realidade nacional, tal antinomia, ainda que inevitavelmente influenciada por autores estrangeiros, recorreu a um imaginário de arraigo às renhidas disputas que marcaram o processo de fundação do país. Aqui, não por um acaso, aquelas obras consideradas símbolos na construção do ideário político da república, Facundo: Civilización y Barbarie e Martin Fierro, haveriam de estar invocadas recorrentemente na produção teórica da geopolítica local. É nesse sentido, que este artigo parte a identificar, desde uma análise histórico-literária, as correspectividades mitopolitológicas entre as obras de Domingo Sarmiento e José Hernández e aqueles aspectos próprios do enfrentamento primordial entre aquelas forças da terra e do mar que lastreiam o pensamento geopolítico.Palavras-chave: Pensamento geopolítico, Literatura, Argentina.ABSTRACTThe historical dialectics between telluric and thalassocratic forces was clearly manifested in the bifurcated development of Argentine geopolitical thought in the 20th century. It is true to say that in its conceptual elaborations, in order to reaffirm the Mackinderian dialectic in the national reality, such antinomy, although inevitably influenced by foreign authors, resorted to a deep-seated imagination of the fierce disputes that marked the country's founding process. Here, not by chance, those works considered symbols in the construction of the republic's political ideology, Facundo: Civilización y Barbarie and Martin Fierro, would be repeatedly invoked in the theoretical production of local geopolitics. It is in this sense that this article sets out to identify, from a historical-literary analysis, the mythopolitological correlations between the works of Domingo Sarmiento and José Hernández and those aspects of the primordial confrontation between those forces of land and sea that support geopolitical thought.Keywords: Geopolitical thinking, Literature, Argentina. Recebido em: 26/10/2020 | Aceito em: 04/01/2021.
A SINGULARIDADE DO CORDEL DE RAIMUNDO SANTA HELENA
Authors: Martins Aira Suzana Ribeiro
Published: April 2021

Este texto propõe tecer algumas considerações acerca da obra do cordelista Raimundo Luiz do Nascimento, conhecido como Raimundo Santa Helena (1926-2018). Nascido na Paraíba, jovem, passou a residir no Rio de Janeiro, onde produziu a maior parte de sua obra. Os versos do poeta abordam variados temas, em especial, aqueles relacionados às notícias divulgadas pela mídia. Esses poemas são, em geral, apresentados ao lado de outras linguagens, como colagens de manchetes e notícias de jornal, podendo ser acompanhadas pelas fotos que ilustram as matérias. Essa prática conduz à reflexão sobre o caráter semiótico dos versos de Santa Helena. Para fundamentar este estudo, buscar-se-á o auxílio da teoria semiótica de extração peirceana (PEIRCE, 1975). Os escritos de Zumthor (1993) trarão também importantes contribuições, em virtude das relações do cordel com a poesia medieval em diversos aspectos, entre eles, o papel da palavra falada na apresentação dos versos escritos pelo poeta.
A TEORIA DA ICONICIDADE VERBAL, DE DARCILIA SIMÕES, APLICADA À INTERPRETAÇÃO DO SIGNO INSÓLITO
Authors: Assis Eleone Ferraz de
Published: April 2021

Este estudo dedicou-se a descrever e interpretar a tessitura textual dos fenômenos insólitos no romance Sombras de Reis Barbudos, de José J. Veiga, com base na associação entre a Teoria da Iconicidade Verbal e o insólito ficcional. Centrou-se, especificamente, nas marcas linguísticas que representam ideias ou conduzem o intérprete à percepção de que o insólito é construído no texto por meio de itens léxicos que constituem pistas icônicas. Merecem especial interesse, sobretudo, os substantivos, que, por serem palavras com alta iconicidade, participam da construção/representação de fenômenos insólitos e criam, por meio da trilha léxica, o itinerário de leitura para o texto-córpus. Fundamentou-se a discussão no insólito como categoria essencial do fantástico modal (BESSIÈRE, 2009; COVIZZI, 1978; FURTADO, s.d.; PRADA OROPREZA, 2006) e na Semiótica de extração peirceana, com enfoque na Teoria da Iconicidade Verbal (SIMÕES, 2007-2009). A análise comprova que os substantivos, como categorias linguísticas caracterizáveis semanticamente, têm a função designatória ou de nomeação na arquitetura de um texto em que se manifesta o insólito. Revela também que a incongruência lexical constitui-se em uma chave para a construção do ilógico, mágico, fantástico, misterioso, sobrenatural, irreal e suprarreal no texto-córpus.
INTERDISCURSIVIDADE E TEORIA DA ICONICIDADE VERBAL NAS FÁBULAS FABULOSAS
Authors: Aquino Elmar Rosa de
Published: April 2021

Este artigo pretende fazer uma análise interdiscursiva de uma versão do conto de Chapeuzinho Vermelho pertencente à série Fábulas Fabulosas, de Millôr Fernandes, pela perspectiva semiótico-discursiva proposta por Darcilia Simões (2009), a partir da Teoria da Iconicidade Verbal. Nesse viés, procura-se trazer discussões acerca do problema do analfabetismo funcional e suas consequências na proficiência de leitura e de produção textual dos alunos.
A LITERATURA DE CORDEL E OS ASTROS CORDEL LITERATURE AND THE STARS
Authors: Santos Morgana Ribeiro dos
Published: April 2021

A literatura de cordel é uma manifestação da literatura popular brasileira, típica da região Nordeste, que foi reconhecida pelo IPHAN como Patrimônio Cultural Brasileiro, em 2018. Este artigo foi elaborado com o objetivo de investigar e discutir a relação da literatura de cordel com o conhecimento astrológico e como o tema dos astros é desenvolvido em versos de cordel.  A relação entre os poemas de cordel e a astrologia se deve a diversos fatores, conforme constatado nesta pesquisa: curiosidade; observação da natureza e de suas condições, por exigência da vida rural; misticismo popular; necessidade de superar a precariedade cotidiana. Além desses fatores, a circulação de obras europeias de conteúdo astrológico, como o Lunário Perpétuo, de Jeronymo Cortez, publicado no século XVI e reeditado muitas vezes, possibilitou que alguns poetas cordelistas se tornassem também astrólogos e editores de almanaques astrológicos. Poemas de cordel e almanaques eram produzidos e comercializados juntos, e se dirigiam ao mesmo público. Neste trabalho, analisam-se fragmentos do Almanaque de Pernambuco, o juízo do ano de 1972 (LIMA, 1971) e de quatro poemas de cordel: O Sistema Solar (SILVA, 2011), O Testamento da cigana Esmeralda (BARROS, 2006), Os Signos do Zodíaco (E Suas Pedras de Sorte) (MARANHÃO, 2016) e O Horóscopo dos Cornos (CARVALHO, 2010), a fim de apreciar os textos e entender como se dá a abordagem dos astros e do conhecimento relacionado a eles nos poemas de cordel.
ANÁLISE SEMIÓTICA DE TEXTOS LITERÁRIOS COM O FIM NA SALA DE AULA
Authors: Oliveira Rosane Reis de
Published: April 2021

Este artigo relata minhas experiências acadêmicas com Darcilia Simões desde que, como minha orientadora, apresentou-me à Semiótica. Abordo como o estudo da Teoria da Iconicidade Verbal de Simões contribui para que as aulas de gramática, estudo do léxico e interpretação de texto sejam mais significativas para os alunos, sem, no entanto, enchê-los de nomenclaturas e teorias exaustivas e desnecessárias. A semiótica, com foco na Teoria da Iconicidade Verbal, portanto, tornou-se cerne de minha pesquisa em linguagem verbal e não verbal, usadas na aplicação e sistematização das potencialidades do signo. No artigo, relato algumas de minhas investigações no campo semiótico, apresentando alguns modelos de análise dos textos literários com o fim na sala de aula do ensino médio.
Rare but relevant: a systematic review of stercoral perforation
Authors: Fernando Sherwin , Sarma Diwakar R
Published: April 2021

Background/Aims

Knowledge of the aetiologies of large bowel perforation are fundamental to its management. Stercoral perforation is a rare cause associated with high mortality. Owing to the paucity of coverage of this condition in the literature, this review raises awareness of stercoral perforation among clinicians.

Method

A literature search of PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Ovid and Cochrane was performed. Key search terms included ‘stercoral, perforation’, ‘perforated’, ‘perforat*’ and ‘stercoral perforation’. Only literature published between December 2011 and July 2020 was included to avoid duplication.

Results

Twenty-nine papers were obtained giving an overall cohort of 58 patients. The median age was 58 years (range 2–83 years) and 72.4% (n=42) were female. Constipation was reported in 69% (n=40) and 20.7% (n=12) reported chronic opioid use. A computed tomography scan was performed in 94.8% (n=55) of cases and typically a Hartmann's procedure (n=40, 72.2%) was performed. The mortality rate was 17.2% (n=10).

Conclusions

The median age of patients with stercoral perforation has decreased from that found in previous studies and the mortality rate has improved. Chronic opioid users have also emerged as an important cohort. Early recognition, diligent decision making and focused perioperative care form the backbone of the definitive management of stercoral perforation.
High-sensitivity terahertz sensor based on Tamm plasmon polaritons of a graphene asymmetric structure
Authors: Su Hong , Jiang Tingting , Zhou Runhua , Li Zhenyuan , Peng Zhen , Wang Shixing , Zhang Min , Liang Huawei , Li Irene Ling , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: April 2021

A new asymmetric structure based on Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) and a metal-distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is proposed in this paper, which can be applied in high-sensitivity terahertz sensors. The structure includes monolayer graphene and two DBRs with different central frequencies on two sides of the graphene. One of its edge faces is introduced by silver film for enhancing the TPPs excitation. The result shows two Tamm plasmonic modes at frequencies of 1.0 THz and 1.1 THz can be excited by the structure. By increasing Fermi energy of graphene, or reducing the width of the top defect layer, the TPPs excitation can be enhanced, and the sensitivity of the structure can also be improved. Moreover, the sensitivity is more sensitive to the incidence angle of TM and TE polarizations from 0° to 25°. By optimizing the structural parameters, the sensitivity and figure of merit of two Tamm plasmonic modes can attain 1.17 THz/RIU, 1.2 THz/RIU,

32.28

R
I
U

−
1

, and

30.95

R
I
U

−
1

, respectively, which demonstrates that such a structure is a candidate for a dynamic tunable TPPs terahertz device for a high-sensitivity terahertz sensor.
Four-wave mixing-based photonic crystal fiber microfluid sensor with embedded U-shape microslits
Authors: Yi Duo , Su Man , Tan Xiaoling , Geng Youfu , Li Xuejin , Wang Lina , Hong Xueming
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we propose a four-wave mixing-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) microfluid sensor, and two U-shape microslits fabricated by a femtosecond laser are embedded into the sensor for real-time microfluid measurement. Theoretical and experimental results prove that the signal wavelength is sensitive to both the refractive index (RI) and the material dispersion property of the liquid sample filled into the air channels. For different aqueous target samples at low concentrations, the responses of signal wavelength are consistent with each other. The obtained RI sensitivity is approximately 881.36 nm/RIU, and the sensing resolution is around 1.6 × 10−4 RIU. The proposed sensor also shows a better figure of merit (FOM) as high as 313.65 RIU−1 when compared with the fiber SPR sensors. Besides, the signal wavelengths present different responses with the increasing aqueous concentration due to the separated dispersion characteristics of the filled liquid samples, which can be potentially applied for the discrimination of liquid samples with a well-designed wavelength-coded sensor array in the future.
Tapered transmission lines for terahertz systems
Authors: Smith Levi , Gomma Walid , Esmaeilsabzali Hadi , Darcie Thomas
Published: April 2021

Complex terahertz (THz) System-on-Chip (TSoC) circuits require ultra-wideband low-loss low-dispersion interconnections between building-block components of various dimensions and characteristics. Tapered transmission lines, which enable the gradual transformation of both physical dimensions and characteristic impedance, are a convenient basis for these interconnections. In this paper, we quantify both experimentally and through simulation, the efficacy of transmission-line tapers connecting two different coplanar-strip transmission-line configurations, for frequencies up to 2.0 THz and with 25 GHz spectral resolution. We demonstrate tapers that enable transitioning from a small device-constrained transmission-line dimension (10 μm line width) to a lower-loss (20-40 μm line width) dimension, as a method to reduce the overall attenuation, and outline design constraints for tapered sections that have minimal detrimental impact on THz pulse propagation.
Microstructured optical fiber temperature sensor based on the self-phase modulation effect
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Yan Xin , Zhang Xuenan , Wang Fang , Li Shuguang , Suzuki Takenobu , Ohishi Yasutake , Cheng Tonglei
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we proposed a highly sensitive temperature sensor based on self-phase modulation (SPM) in an in-house fabricated microstructured optical fiber (MOF) which had three rings of air holes. The temperature sensing performance was evaluated by detecting the 3 dB bandwidth of SPM spectrum with the variation of temperature at different pump wavelengths and average pump power. At the pump wavelength of 1400 nm with the average pump power of 600 mW, the temperature sensitivity was obtained to be as high as 1.296 nm/°C. Moreover, the theoretical simulation was carried out, the results of which corresponded well with the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental study concerning SPM-based temperature sensing. This work proves experimentally and theoretically a new temperature sensing mechanism drawing on the SPM effect in optical fibers, which is expected to develop temperature sensors of low cost, simple structure and high sensitivity.
Enhancement of charge sensitivity by nonlinear optomechanics
Authors: Feng Ling-Juan , Gong Shang-Qing
Published: April 2021

Quantum estimation of electrical charge is investigated by using nonlinear optomechanical interaction. Due to the light–matter decoupling at one mechanical period, we need to consider only the cavity state, meaning that no direct access to the oscillator state is required. It is shown that the charge sensitivity can be greatly improved by enhancing optomechanical coupling. Further, we find that our theoretical result can surpass the sensitivity obtained from electrical measurements.
Excitation of switching waves in normally dispersive Kerr cavities
Authors: Lottes Jonathan , Biondini Gino , Trillo Stefano
Published: April 2021

A coherently pumped, passive cavity supports, in the normal dispersion regime, the propagation of still interlocked fronts or switching waves that form invariant localized temporal structures. We address theoretically the problem of the excitation of this type of wave packet. First, we map all the dynamical behaviors of the switching waves as a function of accessible parameters, namely, the cavity detuning and input energy deficiency, using box-like excitation of the intracavity field. Then we show how a good degree of control can be obtained by applying a negative or positive external pulsed excitation.
Dynamically reconfigurable topological states in photonic crystals with liquid crystals
Authors: Hu Weipeng , Hu Jiali , Wen Shuangchun , Xiang Yuanjiang
Published: April 2021

Dynamically tunable and reconfigurable topological states are realized in higher-order topological insulators with the liquid crystal (LC). By changing the loading voltage of the LC, the eigenfrequency of the edge and corner states can be tuned, but even more important is that the edge state and corner state with the same frequency are realized. Based on this reconfigurability of topological states, optical routers and lasers with multiple topological states can be realized. Our results may be applied to topological optical circuits and provide new ideas for optical field localization and manipulation.
Simple technique for determining the refractive index of phase-change materials using near-infrared reflectometry: publisher’s note
Authors: Gemo E. , Kesava S. V. , De Galarreta C. Ruiz , Trimby L. , Carrillo S. García-Cuevas , Riede M. , Baldycheva A. , Alexeev A. , Wright C. D.
Published: April 2021

The article has been amended to correct Figure 6 and a typographical error.
Visuo-motor integration, vision perception and attention in mTBI patients. Preliminary findings
Authors: Benassi Mariagrazia , Frattini Davide , Garofalo Sara , Bolzani Roberto , Pansell Tony
Published: April 2021

Patients with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) often report difficulties in motor coordination and visuo-spatial attention. However, the consequences of mTBI on fine motor and visuo-motor coordination are still not well understood. We aimed to evaluate whether mTBI had a concomitant effect on fine motor ability and visuo-motor integration and whether this is related to visual perception and visuo-spatial attention impairments, including patients at different symptoms stage. Eleven mTBI patients (mean age 22.8 years) and ten healthy controls participated in the study. Visuo-motor integration of fine motor abilities and form recognition were measured with the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration test, motion perception was evaluated with motion coherence test, critical flicker fusion was measured with Pocket CFF tester. Visuo-spatial was assessed with the Ruff 2 & 7 Selection Attention Test. mTBI patients showed reduced visuo-motor integration, form recognition, and motor deficits as well as visuo-spatial attention impairment, while motion perception and critical flicker fusion were not impaired. These preliminary findings suggest that the temporary brain insults deriving from mTBI compromise fine motor skills, visuomotor integration, form recognition, and visuo-spatial attention. The impairment in visuo-motor coordination was associated with speed in visuo-attention and correlated with symptoms severity while motor ability was correlated with time since concussion. Given the strong correlation between visuomotor coordination and symptom severity, further investigation with a larger sample seems warranted. Since there appeared to be differences in motor skills with respect to symptom stage, further research is needed to investigate symptom profiles associated with visuomotor coordination and fine motor deficits in mTBI patients.
The aesthetics of animated sound: François Bayle, Bernard Parmegiani and the Service de la recherche de l’ORTF
Authors: Ridout Sam
Published: April 2021

Founded by Pierre Schaeffer in 1960, the Service de la recherche at Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française sought to incubate technical and aesthetic research in television and radio, supporting the development of novel animation techniques, pedagogical films for television and experimental short films. As such, the Service served as a fertile meeting point for composers and filmmakers, playing a significant role in the early careers of a number of well-known French composers of electroacoustic music. The early work of both François Bayle and Bernard Parmegiani principally consisted of music and sound for the moving image – and in particular for experimental animated shorts by filmmakers including Robert Lapoujade and Piotr Kamler – created with the support of the Service de la recherche. In attending to the particular configurations of sound and image worked out in these collaborations, the idea of ‘animation’ emerges as a recurring concern in the electroacoustic music of the period, underwriting both a general approach to recorded sound and, I argue, particular formal and technical developments in the aesthetics of French electroacoustic music in the 1960s and beyond.
Sustainable packaging in footwear industry: Case study of PUMA
Authors: Zavodna Lucie Sara , Trejtnarova Lucie
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Modern companies are more focused on the life cycle of their products, so it comes also with sustainable packaging of products. Some companies do this on their own initiative, others because of customer's pressure. There are already several experiments, where companies introduced packaging that can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly way or reused. The main goal of the paper is to describe case study of sustainable packaging in the footwear industry. Main findings and implications. Even big producers of shoes are facing troubles with sustainable packaging solutions. The case study shows why PUMA abandoned the new sustainable packaging of shoes. After trying sustainable packaging, PUMA returned to the classic cardboard box in 2015.
Governos locais pelo Pacto Global para a Migração: iniciativas europeia e sul-americana em paradiplomacia municipal face aos limites jurídicos domésticos e internacionais
Authors: Fiorin Gomes Joséli
Published: April 2021

A Assembleia Geral da ONU aprovou o Pacto Global para a Migração, acordo não vinculante para aprimorar a cooperação internacional em prol de mitigar os impactos negativos da migração irregular. Apesar disso, muitos dos países votantes logo retiraram-se do Pacto. Contudo, governos locais de vários destes países, por paradiplomacia, têm apoiado a agenda da ONU sobre migração, em contraste às posições dos Estados. Nesse sentido, o trabalho objetiva identificar e examinar quais são as iniciativas, em paradiplomacia municipal, quanto à mobilidade humana, na América do Sul e na Europa, que se alinham às proposições do Pacto. Perquire-se sobre o fundamento que pode as legitimar, apontando o papel atribuído aos governos locais pela ONU na sua atual agenda, com vistas a investigar quais os obstáculos jurídicos, em âmbito internacional e doméstico, postos a estas iniciativas para a realização, por ações locais, dos objetivos do referido acordo internacional.