bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of fiber types on the electrical properties of fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Hedjazi Saman , Castillo Daniel
Published: May 2020

Using fibers in concrete, has been recognized as a practical method to improve concrete properties such as reduction in crack development and higher resistance against impact and abrasion. Dry cementitious material exhibits very high electrical resistivity. However, fibers can significantly
decrease the electrical resistivity of concrete which affects its insulating nature and has negative effects on concrete properties such as durability and also in special cases such as rail road ties production. In this paper the effect of steel, glass, and nylon fiber on the electrical properties
of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is investigated. Six different fiber volume fractions (Vf) (0.10% vol., 0.25% vol., 0.50% vol., 0.75% vol., 1.00% vol., 1.50% vol.) and several water-to-cement ratios (w/c) were considered as the main variables in the present study. In order
to test the electrical properties of FRC, 100 mm × 200 mm cylinders were casted, cured and tested. The four point technique was used for measuring the surface electrical resistivity of concrete after curing in water for 3, 7, 28, and 44 days. Additionally, the compressive strength of
each specimen was determined experimentally using the Compression Test Machine. The results revealed that the electrical resistivity of FRC decreases with an increase in fiber content but different types of fibers have different electrical effects on concrete. The effects of different volume
fractions of three fiber types, together with different concrete mix proportions are presented and discussed.
Synthesis of Cu–Ag core–shell nanoparticles as highly active surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates for sensitive detection of caffeic acid
Authors: Lin Fengping , Fan Min , Liao Yuqin , Wei Xinyu , Huang Jingjing , Zhou Ting , Lu Yudong
Published: May 2020

Core–shell nano-metal structures as SERS probes have drawn attention and have been applied to detecting analytes at low concentrations. Here, we have developed a novel SERS probe composed of Cu–Ag for the quantitative, rapid and ultrasensitive detection of caffeic acid.
The surface of Cu–Ag was modified with 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) to allow the probe to detect caffeic acid, wherein 4-MPBA specifically binds to caffeic acid by an esterification reaction. The results obtained in this work show that the SERS performance of the 4-MPBA substrate
is better than that of the Cu–Ag substrate. To determine the binding of caffeic acid to 4-MPBA, the B-OH stretching vibration at 1170 cm–1 was selected as the representative signal. It was found that there is a linear relationship between the intensity of the peak at
1170 cm–1 and the concentration of caffeic acid.
Effects of Y2O3 on the microstructure and wear resistance of WC/Ni composite coatings fabricated by plasma transferred arc
Authors: Hou Yue , Chen Haiyan , Cheng Qian , Fan Li , Dong Lihua
Published: May 2020

The present study envisaged the WC-reinforced nickel composite coatings prepared on the surface of 4145H steel using the plasma transferred arc (PTA) method. The effects of different content of Y2O3 on the microscopic morphology, phase composition, micro-hardness
and wear behavior were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-hardness test and wear experiments. The deposited coatings consisted of WC-reinforced Ni59 composite coatings with the addition of 0 wt%, 0.5
wt% and 1 wt% Y2O3. Microstructural observation showed that the addition of 0.5 wt% Y2O3 had a better improvement on the coarse dendrites and the grain refinement. The main phase composition of the composite coatings was γ-Ni, FeNi3
solid solution, γ(Fe, Ni) eutectic phase, and the hard phase of WC, W2C. The cladding layer added with 0.5 wt% Y2 O3 was preferable over the Y2O3-free coating, as the microhardness was improved from 500 HV to 800 HV with a slight
fluctuation of values. The coating with 0.5 wt% Y2O3 offered an excellent wear resistance to the extrusion and cracks for the uniformity of organizational structure compared with the substrate and the other two coatings. Furthermore, the results of weightlessness and
coefficient of friction proved the positive effect of the rare earth Y2O3 on the wear resistance.
Rheology and fluid loss of a polyacrylamide-based micro-gel particles in a water-based drilling fluid
Authors: Wang Gang , Fan Honghai , Jiang Guancheng , Li Wanjun , Ye Yu , Liu Jitong , Kong Xiangji , Zhong Zhao , Qian Feng
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the cross-linked micro-gel polymer between acrylamide (AM) and N, N-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was synthesized by dispersion polymerization. The initiator and crosslinking agent concentration were used to control the particle size of micro-gel polymer.
The filtration property and mechanism of micro-gel were investigated comprehensively. The characteristics of micro-gel were checked by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and particle size distribution, respectively. The results
indicated that the cross-linked micro-gel polymer exhibited several outstanding merits, such as thermal stability (up to 200 °C), filtration control and rheological property. Microstructure analysis and particle size distribution examinations showed that the scale of micro-gel polymer
was micro, which is in accord with design. Rheological tests demonstrated that the nonlinear structure of micro-gel polymer showed less impact on the apparent viscosity. The anti-high temperature property of micro-gel polymer was better than poly anioniccellulose (PAC) and asphalt widely applied
in drilling fluid for anti-high temperature fluid-loss additive. As a result, the cross-linked micro-gel polymer had great potential to be applied in high temperature water-based mud.
The Transient Responses of an Axisymmetric Tropical Cyclone to Instantaneous Surface Roughening and Drying
Authors: Chen Jie , Chavas Daniel R.
Published: May 2020

Inland tropical cyclone (TC) impacts due to high winds and rainfall-induced flooding depend strongly on the evolution of the wind field and precipitation distribution after landfall. However, research has yet to test the detailed response of a mature TC and its hazards to changes in surface forcing in idealized settings. This work tests the transient responses of an idealized hurricane to instantaneous transitions in two key surface properties associated with landfall: roughening and drying. Simplified axisymmetric numerical modeling experiments are performed in which the surface drag coefficient and evaporative fraction are each systematically modified beneath a mature hurricane. Surface drying stabilizes the eyewall and consequently weakens the overturning circulation, thereby reducing inward angular momentum transport that slowly decays the wind field only within the inner core. In contrast, surface roughening initially (~12 h) rapidly weakens the entire low-level wind field and enhances the overturning circulation dynamically despite the concurrent thermodynamic stabilization of the eyewall; thereafter the storm gradually decays, similar to drying. As a result, total precipitation temporarily increases with roughening but uniformly decreases with drying. Storm size decreases monotonically and rapidly with surface roughening, whereas the radius of maximum wind can increase with moderate surface drying. Overall, this work provides a mechanistic foundation for understanding the inland evolution of real storms in nature.
An urban political ecology for a world of cities
Authors: Keil Roger
Published: May 2020

The critical considerations in this commentary have been stimulated by the articles joined together in this inspiring collection. Specifically, this commentary reflects on how one might imagine an urban political ecology for the age of planetary urbanisation. While the editors of and contributors to this special issue have done an admirable job of providing intellectual coherence to this project, there remains work to do, especially on the conceptual and theoretical front. The conveners of this symposium lay out an ambitious agenda for the papers in this issue and ultimately for the field: They ask: ‘why does everyone think cities can save the planet?’. It is part real inquiry, part rhetorical question. These questions also provide the entry point into a coherent and serious theoretical project that lies at the bottom of the assembled papers here and is elegantly laid out by the special issue editors in their introduction. This commentary takes up the challenges posed by the theoretical and empirical projects discussed in this issue and discusses them in light of past advances in thinking across the city–nature divide, technological politics and the changing spaces and times of current urbanisation.
Student Social Media Self-Evaluation: Addressing the Posting Paradox in the Age of Cybervetting
Authors: Melton James , Miller Robert , Dunn Paul
Published: May 2020

Cybervetting, or the review of job applicants’ social media accounts, is a common practice. This study investigates the use of a typology to increase students’ self-awareness by asking them to assess their social media presence. The majority of Facebook users concluded they post content that is appropriate for potential employers, while most Twitter users concluded they post questionable content. Yet most Facebook users restricted access to their accounts, while most Twitter users left them public. When subsequently asked about the prospect of changing posting behavior, students with questionable content were more open to change, supporting the potential viability of the typology.
Open publishing, decentralisation, and the rise of new media platforms: reflecting on the IMC experience of Australia
Authors: Baú Valentina
Published: May 2020

The year 2019 marked the 20th anniversary of Indymedia. The last two decades have seen revolutionary moments in the field of alternative media, both from a historical and technological dimension. Indymedia has been one of the key players in this landscape, and reflecting on its experience 20 years later, is useful to try and unpack the factors that have shaped its journey.
The climate crisis as a catalyst for emancipatory transformation: An examination of the possible
Authors: Stuart Diana , Gunderson Ryan , Petersen Brian
Published: May 2020

In 2018, a wave of climate change activism emerged in response to calls from scientists for urgent, unprecedented, and far-reaching changes to address the climate crisis. Three social movements, Extinction Rebellion, Fridays for Future, and the Sunrise Movement, have received the most attention and continue to grow. Synthesizing and integrating Erik Olin Wright’s theories of social transformation, the authors apply Wright’s work to analyze these movements and identify barriers and opportunities moving forward. While significant forces of social reproduction continue to shape politics and constrain climate action, unintended social consequences combined with new social movements are ripening conditions for transformation. The authors identify non-reformist reforms, a forceful form of symbiotic transformation pushed forward by social movements, as the most likely strategy to address the climate crisis and catalyze broader emancipatory transformation. While climate movements face significant opposition, they continue to grow and create a stronger trajectory for deep social change.
Association of subsequent falls with evidence of dual-task interference while walking in community-dwelling individuals after stroke
Authors: Tsang Charlotte Sau Lan , Pang Marco Yiu Chung
Published: May 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study was to examine the fall predictive value of single-task walking tests and extent of interference observed in dual-task walking tests in ambulatory individuals post stroke.

Design:

This is an observational study with prospective cohort.

Setting:

The study was conducted at the university laboratory.

Participants:

A total of 91 community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke participated in the study.

Main outcome measures:

Time required to complete a 10-m walk test with and without obstacle negotiation was measured in isolation and in conjunction with performance of a verbal fluency task (category naming). Fall incidence, circumstances, and related injuries were recorded by monthly telephone calls for 12 months.

Results:

A total of 91 individuals (mean (SD) age = 62.7 (8.3) years; mean (SD) post-stroke duration = 8.8 (5.3) years) participated in the study; 29 (32%) of them reported at least one fall during the follow-up period, with a total of 71 fall episodes. There was a significant difference in obstacle-crossing time under single-task (mean difference = 8.3 seconds) and dual-task (mean difference = 7.4 seconds) conditions, and also the degree of interference in mobility performance (increased dual-task obstacle-crossing time relative to the single-task obstacle-crossing time; mean difference = 3.3%) between the fallers and the non-fallers ( P < 0.05). After adjusting for the effects of other relevant factors, a greater degree of interference in mobility performance remained significantly associated with a decreased risk of falling (adjusted odds ratio = 0.951, 95% CI = 0.907–0.997, P = 0.037).

Conclusion:

The degree of mobility interference during dual-task obstacle-crossing was the most effective in predicting falls among all the single-task and dual-task walking measure parameters tested. This simple dual-task walking assessment has potential clinical utility in identifying people post stroke at high risk of future falls.
A case of ANCA associated vasculitis in a patient presenting with chest pain
Authors: Fan Jinjin , Yi Yu , Wang Qianqian , Li Hui , Jing Xiaoli
Published: May 2020

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of multisystem autoimmune small vessel diseases. We report here a case of a 68-year-old woman who initially presented with 29-day history of chest pain, malaise and anorexia. Cardiac problems were ruled out and she was considered to have pneumonia. Her symptoms persisted and blood tests showed renal impairment and evidence of an inflammatory response. A kidney biopsy, chest computed tomography (CT) scan and ANCA testing confirmed a diagnosis of AAV renal injury. She was treated with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide (CTX) for six months at which time her kidney function had improved and she avoided the need for dialysis. This case study illustrates that the clinical manifestations of AVV are complex, varied, and prone to misdiagnosis.
Sex differences in the relationship among alcohol, smoking, and Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Wu Wenzhi , Leja Marcis , Tsukanov Vladislav , Basharat Zarrin , Hua Dong , Hong Wandong
Published: May 2020

Objective

We aimed to investigate the relationship of Helicobacter pylori infection with alcohol and smoking.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study among participants who underwent health check-ups for H. pylori infection between January 2013 and March 2017. We subsequently investigated the relationship of H. pylori infection with alcohol and smoking.

Results

A total of 7169 participants were enrolled in this study. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 55.2%. Participants with H. pylori infection were more likely to be older than those without H. pylori infection. For male participants with H. pylori infection, multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that both smoking (odds ratio (OR): 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41–1.83) and alcohol consumption (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.10–1.52) were independently positively associated with H. pylori infection. For female participants, multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that both smoking (OR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.02–0.07) and alcohol consumption (OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.12–0.33) were inversely significantly associated with H. pylori infection after adjustment for age.

Conclusions

Smoking and alcohol consumption were risk factors for male participants but these were protective factors for female individuals with H. pylori infection.
A passive filtering solution for overvoltage mitigation in doubly fed induction generator–based wind system fed by long power cable
Authors: Krim Ali , Lakrim Abderrazak , Tahri Driss
Published: May 2020

The inclusion of the latest generation of semiconductor switches in today’s wind farms allows high-frequency pulse width modulation. When the cable that connects the power inverter to the rotor of a doubly fed induction generator is long, the impedance mismatch between it and the rotor leads to overvoltage spikes at the terminals of this last. Such high voltage would cause the deterioration of the rotor winding or the cable insolation. For this reason, it is mandatory to solve this problem. Active and passive filters are considered as classical solutions for this issue. In this context, this article proposes an “RL” filter dedicated to suppress this overvoltage spikes. The design methodology and system modeling are presented in detail. To show the effectiveness of our proposal, a simulation is performed under ANSYS Simplorer. An accurate time-domain model of the cable is used to check the robustness of the filter. The obtained results validate the proposed filtering solution.
Emerging Forms of Social-Union Organizing Under the New Conditions of Turkish Capitalism: A Class-Capacity Analysis
Authors: Gürcan Efe Can , Mete Berk
Published: May 2020

How has Turkey’s working-class movement adapted to the new conditions of capitalism? What alternative forms of struggle have emerged to address precarization under neoliberalism? Providing a bottom-up account of social-union activism based on interviews with union activists, we argue that neoliberal capitalism structurally incapacitates working-class organizing in Turkey through a process of precarization, strongly expressed in the flexibilization of labor and further amplified by sociogeographical unevenness and cultural identities. These challenges are addressed through innovatory methods of bottomup organizing such as white-collar forums of exchange, internet activism, the accentuation of the emotional and gendered dynamics of class struggle, solidarity actions with blue collars, and various forms of street activism.
Electric power steering nonlinear problem based on proportional–integral–derivative parameter self-tuning of back propagation neural network
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Wu Guofei , Wu Liqun , Chen Shaotang
Published: May 2020

Aiming at the problem of nonlinear power steering in the automobile electric power steering system, an advanced control algorithm is required for the practical system. This paper introduces back propagation neural network arbitrary nonlinear approximations to discretize the vehicle’s power assistance characteristic. Steering power is also realized in the whole range of speed, which overcomes the steering blind zone and lays a foundation for the design of subsequent controllers. In addition, considering the nonlinear frictional resistance problem of the electric power steering system, the traditional proportional–integral–derivative remote control algorithm will result in poor dynamic performance or system instability. Therefore, this paper proposes a control algorithm based on back propagation neural network proportional–integral–derivative parameter self-tuning. Using the error between the expected current and the actual motor current, the back propagation neural network algorithm is used to learn and realize the adaptive adjustment of proportional–integral–derivative parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed control system effectively realizes the nonlinear steering assistance in the whole vehicle range speed, eliminates the influence of nonlinear friction in the electric power steering system, and improves the robustness of the control system.
Optimization of composite leaf spring for reduced weight and improved noise, vibration, and harshness in an electric vehicle
Authors: Nayak Smaranika , Sadarang Jatin , Panigrahi Isham , Nayak Ramesh Kumar , Maurya Manisha
Published: May 2020

In automobiles suspension system, laminated springs are widely used for the absorption of shock and vibration. These laminated springs account for approximately 10%–20% of the unsprung weight of the vehicle. It has been found that composite material is used to reduce the weight of the vehicle in order to obtain better efficiency. Therefore, in the current research work, composite material is used for the fabrication of laminated spring. Among the various types of glass fiber available, the C-glass fiber has been widely used due to its better corrosion resistant property. Commercial software package ANSYS is used to optimize the composite-laminated spring. The optimized leaf spring is then fabricated by the hand layup method. It was found that the spring with composite graduated leaf resulted in 40% reduction in weight than the spring with steel graduated leaf. Similarly, the stress concentration and deformation values are reduced by 76.39% and 50% in comparison with those of steel graduated leaf. The composite-laminated spring showed better damping property and also resulted in less transmission of force to the chassis of the vehicle. The noise induced by the composite-laminated spring is also reduced in comparison with steel graduated leaf. Finally, a composite-laminated spring is found to be lighter in weight and with better noise, vibration, and harshness in comparison with steel graduated leaf. Thus, it is found to be best suited for an electric vehicle.
Resveratrol Ameliorates the Malignant Progression of Pancreatic Cancer by Inhibiting Hypoxia-induced Pancreatic Stellate Cell Activation
Authors: Xiao Ying , Qin Tao , Sun Liankang , Qian Weikun , Li Jie , Duan Wanxing , Lei Jianjun , Wang Zheng , Ma Jiguang , Li Xuqi , Ma Qingyong , Xu Qinhong
Published: May 2020

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by a hypoxic tumor microenvironment, which is primarily caused by massive fibrosis with pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) as a main component. Our previous studies have shown that resveratrol can significantly inhibit pancreatic cancer. However, whether resveratrol can inhibit hypoxia-induced cancer development remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore whether PSCs and hypoxia synergistically mediate aggressiveness in pancreatic cancer and detect the potential pleiotropic protective effects of resveratrol on hypoxia-induced pancreatic cancer progression. Human PSCs were treated with vehicle or resveratrol under normoxic or hypoxic conditions (3% O2), and PSC activation was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. SiRNA was used to silence hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) expression. The invasive capacity of Panc-1 and Mia Paca-2 cells cocultured with conditioned medium from PSCs was assessed by Transwell assays. To examine tumor formation kinetics, KPC (LSL-KrasG12D/+, Trp53fl/+, and Pdx1-Cre) mice were sacrificed at different time points. To investigate the antitumor effects of resveratrol in vivo, 8-wk-old KPC mice were divided into two groups and treated daily with or without 50 mg/kg resveratrol. Our data indicate that hypoxia induces PSC activation via HIF-1 and that the interleukin 6, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and stromal cell-derived factor 1 derived from activated PSCs promote both invasion and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and inhibit apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. However, resveratrol inhibits hypoxia-induced PSC activation, blocks the interplay between PSCs and pancreatic cancer cells, and suppresses the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer and stromal desmoplasia in a KPC mouse model. Our data highlight that activated PSCs and intratumoral hypoxia are essential targets for novel strategies to prevent tumor–microenvironment interactions. Furthermore, the polyphenolic compound resveratrol effectively ameliorates the malignant progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Influence of the Determinants of Online Customer Experience on Online Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Jaiswal Shefali , Singh Anurag
Published: May 2020

The role of online retailing is increasing with each passing day for any business and therefore offering value to the customer which in turn also yield benefit to the retailer and differentiate it from the competitors is an important task. By getting an idea of how customer perceive and evaluate the offerings, retailers may be able to influence the customers in that particular direction. This research paper aims in identifying the major factors or attributes that affect the customers, evaluating their overall experience while shopping on the digital platform and also their impact on online customer satisfaction. This study aims to explore the determinants of online customer experience of Indian shoppers and its effect on the satisfaction of the customers. For the purpose, 325 e-shoppers were surveyed through online mode using snow ball sampling technique. To achieve the objective, exploratory factor analysis was used and multiple regressions were applied. Furthermore, the findings suggest that economic value, customization, post-purchase experience and customer services are the major factors on which customers evaluate their overall online experience and satisfaction.
Partners of Veterans With PTSD: Parenting and Family Experiences
Authors: McGaw Violette E. , Reupert Andrea E. , Maybery Darryl
Published: May 2020

Partners raising children are significantly impacted by living with a veteran who has posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This qualitative study explored the parenting and family experiences of partners to veterans with military-PTSD. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight female partners, caring for at least one child below the age of 18 years. Thematic analysis produced four primary themes around parenting, (dis)connection, family identity, and unpredictability. A number of contrasting concepts such as feeling unsupported, yet reluctance to access support, highlighted the complexity of partner experiences. Clear recommendations arose from the study including greater in inclusion in health care, the need for upskilling of service providers and educators in area of family and parenting issues, and clearer pathways for spouses and families to access information.
Nonlinear analysis of the hysteresis effects of a bimorph circular flexural-mode piezoelectric actuator for a deformable mirror of adaptive optics system
Authors: Wang Hairen , Xie Xuan
Published: May 2020

In this article, proposed is a hysteresis effects model of a bimorph circular flexural-mode piezoelectric actuator for a deformable mirror of adaptive optics system. The analytical solutions are derived from the three-dimensional equations of piezoelectricity, and the dependence of the nonlinear hysteresis performance of the actuator on the physical parameters is evaluated. Numerical results illustrate that the hysteresis loops of the strokes of the actuator are affected by the start values of the electric field and the thickness of the metallic layer. Besides, the results also suggest that an appropriate thickness of metallic layer could compensate some hysteresis effects. Moreover, the results of the analytical method have been demonstrated by those of the finite element method.
A Systematic Review of Clinical Interventions Facilitating End-of-Life Communication Between Patients and Family Caregivers
Authors: Jung Min Young , Matthews Alicia K.
Published: May 2020

Communication between patients and family caregivers plays a key role in successful end-of-life (EOL) care. In the majority of cases, health-care providers (HCP) are responsible for leading this communication in clinical settings. This systematic review aimed to examine the evidence for the efficacy of HCP-led interventions in enhancing communication between patients and family caregivers. The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and involved a search of MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO as well as a manual search for additional articles on Google Scholar without date restrictions. Of 2955 articles retrieved, 8 meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the review. A quality appraisal of the selected studies was performed using the van Tulder Scale, with 5 of 8 studies rated as high quality. All 8 studies employed psychoeducational interventions involving both patients and surrogate/family caregivers. Common elements of the interventions reviewed included encouraging participant dyads to share their concerns about the patient’s medical condition, clarify their goals and values for EOL care, and discuss their EOL care preferences. Of 8 interventions reviewed, 6 measured EOL care preference congruence within dyads as a primary outcome, and all 6 interventions were effective in increasing congruence. Secondary outcomes measured included decisional conflict and relationship quality, with mixed outcomes reported. This review suggests that HCP-led EOL communication interventions show promise for improving EOL care preference congruence. However, further studies with improved methodological rigor are needed to establish the optimal timing, intensity, and duration of interventions.
Appearance and Speech Satisfaction and Their Associations With Psychosocial Difficulties Among Young People With Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Kelly Sarah N. , Shearer Joanna
Published: May 2020

Objective:

Previous research has found lower appearance and speech satisfaction among those with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) compared to noncleft control groups. Less research has been conducted into which groups report the lowest satisfaction and how these two factors relate to psychosocial difficulties. This study aimed to investigate (1) differences in appearance and speech satisfaction by diagnosis and age among young people with CL/P and (2) associations between appearance and speech satisfaction and emotional and social difficulties.

Design:

Self-report questionnaires that had been collected between June 2016 and August 2018 within routine clinical practice were analyzed.

Setting:

A tertiary pediatric hospital in London.

Patients:

A total 130 nonsyndromic 10- and 15-year-old patients with CL/P.

Main Outcome Measures:

Cleft Hearing, Appearance and Speech Questionnaire; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Results:

The CLP group reported significantly lower appearance satisfaction compared to the CP group ( P = .005). The 15-year-olds reported significantly lower appearance satisfaction compared to the 10-year-olds ( P = .008). No significant differences were found in speech satisfaction by diagnosis ( P = .06) or age ( P = .064). Significant negative associations were found at 15 years old between appearance satisfaction and emotional difficulties, speech satisfaction and emotional difficulties, appearance satisfaction and social difficulties, and speech satisfaction and social difficulties ( P < .05 all correlations). Only the latter two associations were significant at 10 years old ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

The findings have important implications as appearance and speech dissatisfaction may be ways in which to identify those at risk of psychosocial difficulties within clinical settings.
Kaposi Sarcoma With Intravascular Primary Effusion Lymphoma in the Skin: A Potential Pitfall in HHV8 Immunohistochemistry Interpretation
Authors: Bruce-Brand Cassandra , Rigby Jonathan
Published: May 2020

Primary effusion lymphoma is a rare, clinically aggressive large B-cell neoplasm universally associated with human herpesvirus 8 that occurs in the setting of immune compromise. It is classically described as a lymphomatous effusion occurring within body cavities. Recently, however, solid tumor masses, and rarely an intravascular form, have been described. We report a case of a cutaneous intravascular primary effusion lymphoma occurring within ectatic vascular spaces of a Kaposi sarcoma skin lesion in a human immunodeficiency virus–positive adult. Human herpesvirus 8 immunohistochemistry was positive in the nuclei of the Kaposi sarcoma spindled cells as well as within large intravascular plasmacytoid cells. This unusual case highlights the importance of careful assessment of the nature of human herpesvirus 8–positive staining cells in an otherwise typical Kaposi sarcoma. A careful search for dual pathology in immune-compromised patients as well as the importance of histologic assessment of skin lesions in human immunodeficiency virus–positive patients is also highlighted.
Blending Research, Journalism, and Community Expertise: A Case Study of Coproduction in Research Communication
Authors: MacGregor Stephen , Cooper Amanda
Published: May 2020

The patterns of practice characterizing coproduction as an approach to research communication are explored through semistructured interviews with researchers ( N = 6), journalists ( N = 6), a community liaison ( N = 1), and editorial staff ( N = 2) who participated in the coproduction of podcasts. Despite various challenges encountered by participants, coproduction was a primarily positive experience that motivated the reexamination of taken-for-granted perceptions about each stakeholder’s role in research communication. Key questions are raised for future research about coproduction in research communication as well as suggestions for stakeholders planning or engaging in coproduction.
Poverty and Economic Pressure, Financial Assistance, and Children’s Behavioral Health in Kinship Care
Authors: Xu Yanfeng , Bright Charlotte Lyn , Barth Richard P. , Ahn Haksoon
Published: May 2020

About half of kinship families live in poverty, and one third of them receive financial assistance such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and foster care payments. This study selected children who remained in kinship care ( N = 267) for three waves from nationally representative data and examined the longitudinal associations among poverty, economic pressure, financial assistance, and children’s behavioral health outcomes in kinship care. Results from multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear models indicated that having economic pressure and receiving TANF were associated with increases in kinship children’s internalizing and externalizing problems. Receiving TANF exacerbated the effects of poverty on children’s externalizing problems, while receiving TANF buffered the negative effects of economic pressure on children’s internalizing problems. However, internalizing and externalizing problems were in the normal range, on average. The results imply that child welfare workers should assess kinship families’ subjective economic pressure in addition to objective poverty. Furthermore, policy makers should reconsider who receives TANF, how TANF is distributed to kinship families, and whether TANF meets kinship families’ needs.
Assessment of COVID-19 Knowledge Among University Students: Implications for Future Risk Communication Strategies
Authors: Chesser Amy , Drassen Ham Amy , Keene Woods Nikki
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to describe population knowledge and beliefs about COVID-19 and current social media coverage to address a gap in what is known about risk communication during health crises. A survey with 27 questions was developed. Twenty-three percent ( N = 1,136) of respondents started the survey. Less than half of the students reported a high health literacy level (43%, n = 365/855). When asked where students have heard about COVID-19, the majority reported the Internet and social media. Students reported a basic level of COVID-19 knowledge, but few students (18%, n = 173/966) correctly identified all three signs and/or symptoms of COVID-19. Results highlight the need for an increased public health presence on social media and the urgent need to remain diligent in educating community members about COVID-19 myths.
Moderate relationship between function and satisfaction of total hip arthroplasty patients: a cross sectional study
Authors: Maillot Cedric , Harman Ciara , Al-Zibari Marwan , Sarsam Karam , Rivière Charles
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

Patient satisfaction regarding their hip replacement is often assumed to be directly linked to functional outcomes. We led this study to answer 2 questions: (1) what is the level of patient satisfaction, function, and quality of life after primary total hip replacement (THR); and (2) what is the relationship between patient satisfaction and functional and quality of life PROMs after THR?

Methods:

We led a retrospective study using our institutional registry of prospectively and consecutively collected data on patients after primary THR undertaken between 2004 and 2017. We included 6710 patients with a complete 2-year set of follow-up data for Oxford Hip Score (OHS) (for assessing patient’s function), EQ-5D (for assessing patient’s quality of life) and satisfaction PROM scores.

Results:

There was a significant improvement in all OHS and EQ-5D scores from preoperative level, and the mean postoperative satisfaction score was 89/100. We found moderate positive correlations between the patients’ outcome satisfaction VAS score and OHS (r = 0.665) and EQ-5D (r = 0.554).

Conclusions:

THR is a successful procedure generating high levels of patient function and satisfaction. Because patients’ OHS and EQ-5D scores may be influenced by comorbidities, those scores are of poor predictive value in estimating patient satisfaction, and therefore should not be used as a surrogate to determine the success of the THR procedure.
Derivation of the Reynolds equation in cylindrical coordinates applicable to the slipper/swash plate interface in axial piston pumps
Authors: Chao Qun
Published: May 2020

Although many tribology references have presented the Reynolds equation in cylindrical coordinates, they may not be applicable to the slipper/swash plate interface in axial piston pumps due to complex macro and micro motions of slippers. Therefore, this paper derives the generalized Reynolds equation in cylindrical coordinates for this interface from momentum and continuity equations. Also, the boundary velocity conditions for the Reynolds equation are evaluated based on the kinematics of slippers, which accounts for the spinning motion. Compared with the traditional Reynolds equation for the slipper/swash plate interface, the new Reynolds equation in this work considers the geometric squeeze and centrifugal terms and has a different form of Couette terms.
Influence of ZrB2/hBN particles on the wear behaviour of AA7075 composites fabricated through stir followed by squeeze cast technique
Authors: Loganathan P , Gnanavelbabu A , Rajkumar K
Published: May 2020

This paper reports on the effect of ZrB2 and hBN solid lubricant particles on the dry sliding wear behaviour of the AA7075 composite, fabricated by stir-squeeze cast technique. ZrB2 and hBN at levels of 5 wt% were chosen as reinforcements for the study. The optical microscope images revealed uniform distribution of particles and a low order of porosity in microstructure, possibly due to the squeeze pressure. The ZrB2 particles reinforced composite (AZ) showed an improvement in hardness compared to as-cast (A0) and hBN containing composite (AH). A minor reduction in the hardness of ZrB2–hBN hybrid composite (AZH) was observed. This is attributed to changes in the hardness induced by the individual ZrB2 and hBN particles. The hybrid composite (AZH) exhibits a superior wear resistance, possibly due to the formation of good quality B2O3 and H3BO3 self-lubricating film.
Marvinter: A case study of an inclusive transmedia storytelling production
Authors: Brusk Jenny , Engström Henrik
Published: May 2020

This article examines how the unique characteristics of Marvinter, an inclusive transmedia Advent calendar, affected its production and the individual media workers involved in this. In the native transmedia Marvinter project, a radio series and a mobile game were created and released simultaneously. Using ‘partly shared’ resources, the project was developed by two collaborating, non-profit organisations. Each chapter of the digital game had to match the corresponding radio episode. The whole had to be designed to provide a shared cultural experience that included people with hearing or visual impairments. The authors of the present article were part of the game development team and thus directly experienced the complexity of developing a digital game as part of a transmedia project. This article presents the results of a case study with an insider perspective. It is supplemented by semi-structured interviews with key people in the project. The transmedia nature of Marvinter was justified by the need to include people with complementary disabilities. Although sometimes associated with negative connotations of ‘naked commercialisation’ in transmedia contexts, the marketing strategy was here an important element in promoting inclusivity. However, owing to the concurrent work processes, game production became overly complex.
Transnational representation of a gendered recession in corporate dramas
Authors: Oliete-Aldea Elena
Published: May 2020

The cinematic depiction of the financial crisis has centred on the explanation of the causes and consequences of the global recessionary scenario in which gender acquires special relevance. My aim in this article is to carry out a hitherto unaddressed transnational analysis of corporate dramas. More specifically, I elicit the commonalities as well as local specificities that different Western cinematographies show when tackling gendered recessionary discourses on ‘mancession’ and ‘austerity’. Films such as The Last Days of Lehman Brothers (Samuels, 2009, BBC), Money Never Sleeps (Stone, 2010), The Company Men (J. Wells, 2010) and The Big Short (McKay, 2015) have, on the one hand, aligned with nostalgic and retro-sexist discourses by focusing on male suffering to confront the recession while relegating female characters as emotional companions of the male hero. On the other hand, the representation of female characters in these films has also put to the test the inconsistencies of neoliberal discourses when analysed from the perspective of genre. To illustrate the transnational dimension of the ‘narrated’ impact of the ‘Global Financial Crisis’ in different scenarios, I compare a US Wall Street film and a Spanish corporate drama of the Great Recession: Margin Call (J Chandor, 2011, USA) and The Tip of the Iceberg (La punta del iceberg, D Cánovas, 2016, Spain).
Criminology and criminal justice in post-devolution Wales
Authors: Jones Robert
Published: May 2020

This survey provides one of the first comprehensive reviews of Wales’s role in the England and Wales criminal justice system. The article explains that executive devolution has been responsible for a major transformation to Wales’s position within the England and Wales jurisdiction. Attention is given to the institutions responsible for criminal justice since devolution to Wales as well as an overview of some of the key trends and latest data, including recent research which shows that Wales, when disaggregated from England, has the highest rate of imprisonment in Western Europe. In light of the developments that have taken place over the past two decades, this survey asserts that Wales must now be taken seriously as a distinct and worthwhile unit of criminological analysis. It is argued that future research on Wales can help to develop a more constitutionally literate criminological debate across the UK as well as European regions affected by devolution.
All things considered: Surrogate decision-making on behalf of patients in the minimally conscious state
Authors: Johnson L Syd M , Cerminara Kathy L
Published: May 2020

The minimally conscious state presents unique ethical, legal, and decision-making challenges because of the combination of diminished awareness, phenomenal experience, and diminished or absent communication. As medical expertise develops and technology advances, it is likely that more and more patients with disorders of consciousness will be recognized as being in the minimally conscious state, with minimal to no ability to participate in medical decision-making. Here we provide guidance useful for surrogates and medical professionals at any medical decision point, not merely for end-of-life decision-making. We first consider the legal landscape: precedent abounds regarding unconscious patients in coma or the vegetative state/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (VS/UWS), but there is little legal precedent involving patients in the minimally conscious state. Next we consider surrogates’ ethical authority to make medical decisions on behalf of patients with disorders of consciousness. In everyday medical decision-making, surrogates generally encounter few, if any, restrictions so long as they adhere to an idealized hierarchy of decision-making standards designed to honor patient autonomy as much as possible while ceding to the reality of what may or may not be known about a patient’s wishes. We conclude by proposing an ethically informed, practical guide for surrogate decision-making on behalf of patients in the minimally conscious state.
Design for disassembly: Using temporary fabrication for land politics in the Negev
Authors: Nathansohn Nof , Mason Molly , White David Allen , Ebdy Hugh Timothy , Yacoby Yaara , Sharabi Hila , Sass Lawrence
Published: May 2020

Political conflicts have increasingly displaced people from their homes, necessitating various forms of temporary structures and housing. However, these shelters are often one-size-fits-all and do not take into account the individual requirements, family structures, or cultural needs of these communities. This article explores how digital fabrication can be used to empower disenfranchised communities to act as their own architects. Because the police demolish the structures in Al Araqib every 3 weeks, the residents have to rebuild their structures, and appropriate architecture as a resistance tool, and not only as a housing solution. This circumstance allows us to develop a structure designed primarily for the condition of rapid disassembly that can additionally be produced with a low-tech setup of a mobile computer numerical control router. Through this case study with the Bedouin village Al Araqib in the Negev Desert, we introduce the term community-specific design, present our methodology for designing and fabricating a temporary structure in collaboration with the community, and outline the logistics for a future mobile infrastructure. Beyond aiding the Bedouin’s fight for justice, our intention as designers, acutely aware of the power of technology and architecture, is to harness both physical and digital tools in an effort to create innovative systems that can be leveraged by unrecognized populations struggling for cultural survival.
A Republic, If You Can Keep Its Elections Secure, Accurate, and Fair
Authors: Kropf Martha
Published: May 2020

We have kept our republic through a variety of localized disasters and various problem elections. The research presented here highlights the field of “Election Science and Administration” (ESA). Research in our field maximize our probability of continuing to keep our republic—even in the face of a pandemic which is a national—and international challenge. As the United States and the world deal with the specter of a pandemic election, the growth of the scholarly field designed to advocate for transparency in data collection and to improve the quality of elections is more important than ever.