bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with sexual intercourse among Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Silva Erisvan Vieira da , Arruda Guilherme Tavares de , Braz Melissa Medeiros
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Transmission of COVID-19 occurs from person to person through respiratory droplets and aerosol, through contact and direct transmission, through kissing, handshaking, etc. In this perspective, several countries have implemented actions and strategies to reduce the risks of transmission. Because of this, there are several widespread reflexes and concerns resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. One change in behavior that can be affected due to the social distance that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic is sexual activity. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the sexual intercourse of Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 518 men over 18 years of age responded to the online survey that included sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and anthropometric characteristics and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). The sample was divided into two groups according to the practice of sexual intercourse during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Through multivariate regression analysis, being satisfied or equally dissatisfied/satisfied with sex life and being in a stable relationship were the factors associated with the sexual intercourse of Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, not drinking alcohol was a protective factor for sexual intercourse in this sample. Conclusion: In our study, being satisfied or equally dissatisfied/satisfied with the overall sex life and having a stable relationship were associated with intercourse during a COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, not drinking alcohol was considered a protective factor.
Use of covered stent (CGuard) in the treatment of post-traumatic internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Singh Deepak , Shankar Diwakar , Sharma Gaurav , Yadav Kuldeep , Kaif Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Post-traumatic internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm (ICA PSA) is a rare occurrence with high mortality rates, and with the advent of endovascular therapy, its treatment has shown drastic improvement in clinical as well as radiological outcomes. Here we are describing our experience with the CGuard embolic protection system (InspireMD, Tel Aviv, Israel) for the treatment of post-traumatic left ICA PSA in a 49-year-old male. New improved biomechanics and navigability have proven it to be a safe and efficient treatment modality for ICA PSA. However, a multicentric large-scale randomized trial is recommended to support this modality.
Mask-RCNN recognition method of composite fold shape in ultrasound images
Authors: Zhang Hai-Yan , Xu Xin-Yu , Ma Xue-Fen , Zhu Qi , Peng Li ,   Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 201306, China,   School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Published: March 2022

Wrinkle defects will be inevitably produced during composite manufacturing and the in-service life of composite structures. Because of their diverse morphological changes and small deformation, it is difficult to manually identify the wrinkle with important errors. In order to improve the inspection efficiency, a Mask-RCNN algorithm is proposed to detect and classify different forms of wrinkle defects in composites based on phased array images. Carbon fiber composite laminates are prepared first in different forms of wrinkle defects. Secondly, the ultrasonic phased array is used to collect full matrix data. The longitudinal scanning image of the composite laminate is then obtained through the wavenumber imaging algorithm. According to the geometric characteristics of the folds in the geological layer, the wrinkles in the composite laminate are divided into three categories, and the relationship between the wrinkle shape and the material damage degree is established. The Mask-RCNN algorithm is finally proposed for automaticaly detecting and classifying the wrinkle defects. The introduction of semantic segmentation in this algorithm can help to reveal the positions and shapes of wrinkle defects. The experimental results show that the accuracies of Mask-RCNN in the recognition of different forms of wrinkles reach 92.1%, 90.9%, and 93.3%, respectively, and the classification and recognition of wrinkles are accurate and effective. It provides theoretical support for the integration and automation of data acquisition-imaging-defect recognition in composite industries.
Evolution of dislocation loops and effect of annealing temperature on hydrogen-ion-implanted Fe-based binary alloys
Authors: Li Ran-Ran , Yin Yu-Peng , Hideo Watanabe , Yi Xiao-Ou , Han Wen-Tuo , Liu Ping-Ping , Zhan Qian , Wan Fa-Rong ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China,   College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China,   Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan
Published: March 2022

Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels have been considered as a family of prime candidate structural materials for fusion reactors due to low radioactivity and good resistance to irradiation swelling. Various types of defects such as dislocation loops can form in these materials during irradiation. Effects of alloying elements in iron on the formation and migration of dislocation loops have been widely investigated. However, most studies dealt with interstitial-type dislocation loops in iron alloys, while very few focused on vacancy-type dislocation loops. Previous high voltage electron microscope (HVEM) studies from the authors' group have shown that interstitial loops are fully eliminated in hydrogen-ion-implanted α-Fe at 500 ℃, only vacancy loops remain and can achieve up to 100 nm in size. The addition of Ni in α-Fe can reduce the formation temperature of vacancy-type dislocation loops (Tc) to ~450 ℃, while the addition of Cr can increase the temperature to above 600 ℃. However, these experiments are usually difficult to perform due to the scarce resource of HVEM facilities. In this work, in-situ observations by conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM, 200 kV) are systematically carried out on the hydrogen-ion-implanted α-Fe and Fe-based binary alloys (Fe-3wt.%Cr, Fe-1.4wt.%Ni and Fe-1.4wt.%Mn). The evolutions of morphology and average size of dislocation loops under different annealing temperatures are investigated. The formation temperatures of vacancy-type dislocation loops are determined from the change of average loop size with annealing temperature. The results are consistent with previous studies by HVEM. The effect of Mn atoms in α-Fe is similar to that of Cr atoms, which leads to Tc increase, and the addition of Ni in α-Fe can reduce Tc. Furthermore, the results of D thermal desorption spectrum analysis show that Tc is affected by the binding and release process of hydrogen isotopes to vacancies in α-Fe. Alloying element Ni promotes the binding and release of hydrogen isotopes to vacancies, which leads to Tc decrease. Cr and Mn inhibit the binding and release of hydrogen isotopes to vacancies, causing  Tc to increase.
3D visualization model construction based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Zhou Shangbo , Wu Sheng , Tan Duo , Yao Rui
Published: March 2022

The development of computer vision technology is rapid, which supports the automatic quality control of precision components efficiently and reliably. This paper focuses on the application of computer vision technology in manufacturing quality control. A new deep learning algorithm is presented, Multi-angle projective Generative Adversarial Networks (MapGANs), to automatically generate 3D visualization models of products and components. The generated 3D visualization models can intuitively and accurately display the product parameters and indicators. Based on these indicators, our model can accurately determine whether the product meets the standard. The working principle of the MapGANs algorithm is to automatically infer the basic three-dimensional shape distribution through the product’s projection module, while using multiple angles and multiple views to improve the fineness and accuracy of the three-dimensional visualization model. The experimental results prove that MapGANs can effectively reconstruct two-dimensional images into three-dimensional visualization models, and meanwhile accurately predict whether the quality of the product meets the standard.
Faecal DNA metabarcoding reveals novel bacterial community patterns of critically endangered Southern River Terrapin, Batagur affinis
Authors: Mohd Salleh Mohd Hairul , Esa Yuzine , Ngalimat Mohamad Syazwan , Chen Pelf Nyok
Published: March 2022

Southern River Terrapin, Batagur affinis, is a freshwater turtle listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2000. Many studies suggest that faecal DNA metabarcoding can shield light on the host-associated microbial communities that play important roles in host health. Thus, this study aimed to characterise and compare the faecal bacterial community between captive and wild B. affinis using metabarcoding approaches. A total of seven faeces samples were collected from captive (N = 5) and wild (N = 2) adult B. affinis aseptically, crossing the East and West coast of peninsular Malaysia. The DNA was extracted from the faeces samples, and the 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplicon was further analysed using SILVA and DADA2 pipelines. In total, 297 bacterial communities taxonomic profile (phylum to genus) were determined. Three phyla were found in high abundance in all faeces samples, namely Firmicutes (38.69%), Bacteroidetes (24.52%), and Fusobacteria (6.95%). Proteobacteria were detected in all faeces samples (39.63%), except the wild sample, KBW3. Under genus level, Cetobacteriumwas found as the most abundant genus (67.79%), followed by Bacteroides (24.56%) and Parabacteroides (21.78%). The uncultured genus had the highest abundance (88.51%) even though not detected in the BK31 and KBW2 samples. The potential probiotic genera (75.00%) were discovered to be more dominant in B. affinis faeces samples. Results demonstrated that the captive B. affinis faeces samples have a greater bacterial variety and richness than wild B. affinis faeces samples. This study has established a starting point for future investigation of the gut microbiota of B. affinis.
Subject specific muscle synergies and mechanical output during cycling with arms or legs
Authors: Cartier Théo , Vigouroux Laurent , Viehweger Elke , Rao Guillaume
Published: March 2022

Background

Upper (UL) and lower limb (LL) cycling is extensively used for several applications, especially for rehabilitation for which neuromuscular interactions between UL and LL have been shown. Nevertheless, the knowledge on the muscular coordination modality for UL is poorly investigated and it is still not known whether those mechanisms are similar or different to those of LL. The aim of this study was thus to put in evidence common coordination mechanism between UL and LL during cycling by investigating the mechanical output and the underlying muscle coordination using synergy analysis.

Methods

Twenty-five revolutions were analyzed for six non-experts’ participants during sub-maximal cycling with UL or LL. Crank torque and muscle activity of eleven muscles UL or LL were recorded. Muscle synergies were extracted using nonnegative matrix factorization (NNMF) and group- and subject-specific analysis were conducted.

Results

Four synergies were extracted for both UL and LL. UL muscle coordination was organized around several mechanical functions (pushing, downing, and pulling) with a proportion of propulsive torque almost 80% of the total revolution while LL muscle coordination was organized around a main function (pushing) during the first half of the cycling revolution. LL muscle coordination was robust between participants while UL presented higher interindividual variability.

Discussion

We showed that a same principle of muscle coordination exists for UL during cycling but with more complex mechanical implications. This study also brings further results suggesting each individual has unique muscle signature.
Relation between lymphocyte to monocyte ratio and survival in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Zhonglan , Wang Ziqiong , Li Youping , Chen Xiaoping , He Sen
Published: March 2022

Background

The lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) has been proposed as a novel prognostic factor in malignancies and cardiovascular diseases. Our study aimed to ascertain whether LMR is a useful biomarker in discriminating the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients at higher risk of all-cause mortality.

Methods

This retrospective study consisted of 354 adult HCM patients. Cox’s proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the association between LMR and all-cause mortality. Smooth curve fitting was conducted to explore the linear relationship between LMR and all-cause mortality.

Results

During the follow-up, 44 patients reached the study endpoint. The all-cause mortality rate was 7.3 per 100 person-years in the first tertile and decreased across the three tertiles of LMR. With the first tertile as reference, adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality were 0.43 for the second tertile (95% CI [0.20–0.91], p = 0.027) and 0.39 for the third tertile (95% CI [0.17–0.90], p = 0.028), respectively. Smooth curve fitting exhibited a nonlinear relationship between LMR values and all-cause mortality. For LMR < 6.5, per SD increase resulted in a significantly decreased risk of all-cause mortality by 62% (HR: 0.38, 95% CI [0.21–0.68]). For LMR ≥ 6.5, the all-cause mortality risk did not progressively increase. Stratified and subgroup analyses revealed similar results to the main analyses,andE-value analysis suggested robustness to unmeasured confounding.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated that LMR was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in HCM patients, and LMR may be useful for identifying HCM patients at high mortality risk.
A Key Factor for Purchasing Electric Two Wheeler, an Analysis in Coimbatore City
Authors: Ukesh M. , Chandrakumar M. , Gangaiselvi R.
Published: March 2022

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine which factor is influencing to purchase decision of respondents about electric two wheelers. primary data has been collected from 120 respondents through interview using well-structured questionnaire from Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. Factor analysis is used to know the clear picture about major influencing factor used as a deciding factor for purchase of electric two wheelers. The conclusion of this study was which factor is influencing to purchase decision of respondent about electric two wheelers. Electric two wheeler are protecting the global from Environmental issues. From this study the respondents will know and they are shifting to battery based vehicles or bikes because some of respondents are concerns about environmental issue and society are stating that the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened awareness and concern about environmental issues.
Research on the Coupling Relationship between Marine Resources and Environmental Carrying Capacity and Marine Economy in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Lu Jiamin , Chu Kevin
Published: March 2022

This paper takes the coastal area of Jiangsu Province as the research area, collects the relevant statistical data of the coastal area from 2010 to 2020, and uses the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree model to analyze the degree of marine economy-marine environment coupling in Jiangsu Province in the past 10 years and its correlation. The coordination type is analyzed and evaluated. The research results show that the coupling index of marine resources and environmental carrying capacity and marine economy in Jiangsu Province fluctuates up and down in the interval of 2010-2020. trend. From 2010 to 2020, the coupling index of marine resources and environmental carrying capacity and economic development level in the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province showed an inverted "U"-shaped change, which is in line with the environmental Kuznets curve. The coupling coordination index fluctuates repeatedly, and the value is between 0.4 and 0.8. The coupling stage is from the antagonistic stage to the running-in stage. The coupling coordination type is mainly based on the coordinated development type, and the coupling level roughly develops from a mild imbalance to a low-level coordinated development to a well-coordinated development. It began to rise rapidly, and the coupling status is good. The coupling status of Lianyungang and Yancheng needs to be further improved.
Factors Influencing the Utilization of Contraceptives among Adolescents in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Dubik Joshua Dindiok , Asumah Mubarick Nungbaso , Nachinab Gilbert Ti-enkawol , Gariba Ayishetu , Irene Adumbire Anoome , Christabel Adimazoya Lamisi , Abondomah Amoro Rosemary
Published: March 2022

Background: Adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health is supreme to healthy living, and because the health of adolescents is important, it has compelled most countries across the globe to put up appropriate measures to meet their needs.

Aims: The main aim of the study was to assess the factors influencing the utilization of contraceptives among adolescents in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana.

Methods: This study employed a community-based cross-sectional design. The study recruited 374 adolescents using the multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The majority (92.8%) of the adolescents have heard about contraceptives. Half of the respondents had sex before, with only 29.4% reported to have used contraceptives in the past. Only 30.7% of the respondents felt the service providers were friendly to them, the majority (60.2%) of the study participants felt that the health practitioners did not respect their privacy during their visit. Over half (51.1%) of the respondents were unsatisfied with the location where contraceptive services are rendered. The majority (82.9%) of the study participants cannot discuss contraceptives issues freely with their parents. The study established a significant association between usage of contraceptives and age (P<0.001), level of education (P<0.001), and marital status (P<0.001).

Conclusion: The majority of respondents were sexually active, although contraception use was low in comparison to the teens' high awareness level. Factors such as poor attitudes of health practitioners, poor accessibility and availability of contraceptives, and lack of parental concern have to be addressed by key stakeholders’ engagement to holistically address adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health concerns in the metropolis.
The Objective and Subjective Outcome of Bullectomy in Patients of Bullous Lung Disease: A Prospective Study
Authors: Syed Wahid , Ganai Feroze Mohammad , Ganai Farooq , Khan Mohd Yaqub , Ahmad Mir Mushtaq
Published: March 2022

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of bullectomy in patients with bullous lung by comparative analysis of their preoperative and postoperative pulmonary function parameters and subjective dyspnea score.

Materials and Methods: The study included 42 cases of bullous lung disease, who underwent open or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) bullectomy at our hospital from November 2019 till January 2022. All patients were subjected to set protocol which included preoperative comprehensive history and physical examination, chest X-ray, lung CT, and pulmonary function tests. Postoperative evaluation included 3 monthly follow-up for three visits, with clinical assessment for subjective dyspnea score and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Preoperative and postoperative comparisons of parameters were made using the student’s paired t-test to calculate the statistical significance.

Results: Primary bullous lung disease was the most common underlying lung pathology in our population, followed by COPD. Spontaneous pneumothorax was the most common presenting feature, and the most patients presented in their fourth decade of life with a history of smoking.

All cases underwent VATS/open bullectomy. Most patients were discharged on the 4th postoperative day. Statistically, significant improvement was seen in mean FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1st second), FVC (forced vital capacity), and FEV1/FVC. FEV1 appeared to be the most reliable indicator of postoperative progress. The subjective dyspnea score improved in a statistically meaningful way. Diffuse parenchymal disease patients had a higher rate of complications. Our research found no evidence of mortality.

Conclusion: We conclude that surgery remains the standard treatment for bullous lung disease. Most of the patients who got benefitted are those having localized disease with remaining normal parenchyma. Statistically significant improvement in subjective and objective parameters is seen in all cases. Those with the diffuse emphysematous disease need careful selection given their high complication rate.
Structural Characterization, DFT, Molecular Docking and Cytotoxic Studies of Metal (II) Complexes Derived from Thiosemicarbazide
Authors: Manjuraj T. , Krishnamurthy G. , M Yuvaraj T. C. , Jayanna N. D. , Imadadulla Mohammed
Published: March 2022

Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of N and O donor ligand derived from ,5-dinitrosalicylicacid and thiosemicarbazide, the spectroscopy techniques like UV-Visible, FT-IR, NMR, mass spectrometry, p-XRD and SEM analysis were used to structurally characterize the metal complexes. From the analytical and spectral evidence, the square planar and octahedral geometry has been proposed to metal (II) complexes. In addition to this computational density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/6-31Gþ(d, p)/Lanl2dz(f) method in the ground state was performed, the calculations were done to confirm the geometry of the complexes and also HOMO-LUMO excitation energies levels were also calculated. Additionally, MTT test was used to perform cytotoxic assays on selected MCF-7 (estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cells) and HeLa (human cervical cancer cell line) cell lines. The antibacterial test was performed via the disc plate method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and was further supported by molecular docking interactions using protein receptor SEC2 (PDB code: 1STE) in Staphylococcus aureus.
Physico-chemical Changes in Assam Lemon (Citrus Limon Burm.) during Fruit Development and Maturation
Authors: Shahida C. , Manisha K. , Mridul D.
Published: March 2022

Studies were conducted on the physico-chemical changes associated with fruit development in Assam lemon. Fruit growth was slow initially upto 95 days after fruit set (DAFS) and it increased rapidly in terms of fruit weight and size of the fruit, from 45.54g & 75.75 cm2 until maturity. The trend in specific gravity of the fruits increased with fruit development and reached the value to 2.7 at harvest maturity. Therefore specific gravity of the fruit could be considered as a reliable physical index for harvest maturity. During early stage of fruit growth the juice content percentage was found low which increased as fruit growth advanced towards maturity. Total soluble solids (TSS) to acidity ratio showed an increased trend during fruit development in Assam lemon. At maturity TSS to acidity ratio reached values between 1.99 to 2.810Brix. TSS to acidity ratio could also be considered as the reliable chemical index for harvest maturity. Bio chemical characteristics such as Ascorbic acid and Pectin content also showed an increasing trend with fruit development and maturity. However the chlorophyll content showed a down ward trend and at harvest maturity it recorded 0.185mg/g. Results indicated that Assam lemon attained full maturity at 135-140 days and harvest maturity in 130 days after fruit set.
Impact of Inorganic Iron and Siderophore Producing Microbes on Growth and Content of Nutrient in Indian Sorrel Leaves (Rumex vasicarias)
Authors: Kujur Anshumala , Ismail Syed
Published: March 2022

A pot culture experiment entitled “Biofortification of Iron in Indian Sorel Leaves using Graded Levels of Iron and Siderophore Producing Microbial Cultures” was planned and conducted during summer season of 2021 at Department of soil science and Agricultural Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani. The experimental results revealed that significant higher values of biometric observation in 45, 55 DAS and nutrient content a nd uptake in sorrel leaves at after harvest of crop were recorded. The maximum value regarding growth attributes as well as quality parameter was recorded under the treatment of 100% RDF + 60 mg FeSO4 kg-1 soil + Azospirillum lipoferum. In which maximum plant height recorded with 23.14, and 29.44cm, leaves number (10.50 and 21.92) at 45 and 55 DAS respectively, chlorophyll 3.42 mg g-1, fresh leaf yield and dry matter yield (214.33, 30.87 g pot-1) respectively which were superior among the rest of treatments. Moreover, regarding to quality attributes of sorrel leaves via. macro and micronutrient uptake significantly higher under the treatment of 100% RDF + 60 mg FeSO4 kg-1 soil + Azospirillum lipoferum as compared to control (only RDF).
Zika Virus: Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practices of Medical Doctors in a Tertiary Health Institution in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Mansur Oche Oche , Adamu Habibullahi , Yahaya Musa , Garba Illo Hudu , Abdullahi Kontagora Zainab , Muhammad Dan Madami Abdulaziz , Wali Asmau
Published: March 2022

Zika virus, is an emerging  arbovirus transmitted to humans through infected female Aedes species mosquitoes such as A albopictus and A aegypti via blood transfusion, sexual activities and from mother to fetus. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude and preventive practices of medical doctors at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto.

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out amongst medical doctors at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto. A set of semi structured, self- administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on knowledge, attitude and preventive practices against ZIKV using a two stage sampling method. Data collected was entered into and analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 23. The data was analyzed and summarized using frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation (SD) and presented as tables and charts. The Fisher’s exact test was used to establish the association between socio-demographic variables and attitude and knowledge of Zika virus infection with p- value set at p < 0.05.

The research was approved by the Health Research Ethics committee of the teaching hospital.

Most of respondents in this study had good knowledge (87.5%), positive attitude (82.1%) and good practices of prevention of ZIKV (87.5%) respectively.  There was a statistically significant association between attitude and knowledge of ZIKV as the respondents with positive attitude had good knowledge of the virus (p=0.002).

Our respondents who are physicians displayed a very good knowledge, attitude and practices towards the ZIKV infection. Physicians as front line health workers are at a greater risk of being infected with ZIKV, and this underscores the need for them to always adhere to laid down standard operating procedures and universal precautionary measures. These will go a long way in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this infection.
Comparative Study of Otitis Media and Its Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern in a Cohort of HIV Positive and Negative Patients
Authors: Nwajiobi F. O. , Anyamene C. O. , Abana C. C.
Published: March 2022

Aims: This study examined the comparative study of otitis media and its antibiotics susceptibility pattern in a cohort of HIV positive and negative patients.

Study Design: A survey and laboratory analytical method was employed in the study. While a survey research design was used to sample a total of 110 patients out of a total population of 561,066 living in the study area. Laboratory analyses of the samples collected from the patients were used to analyze the data collected.

Methodology: A total of 110 ear swabs were collected, 60 from HIV positive subjects and 50 from HIV negatives subjects with otitis media.

Results: From the analysis of the data collected, results showed that 52 (86.7) samples from HIV positive patients and 44 (88%) samples from HIV negative patients yielded bacteria growth. The most predominant isolates from middle ear of HIV positive was Staphylococcus aureus, with total occurrence of 22(42.4%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli with occurrence of 12(23%), 7(13.5%), 6(11.5%), 5(9.6%) respectively. The most predominant from HIV negative was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Streptococcus pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes with occurrence of 16(36.4%), 10(22.7%), 8(18.2%), 6(13.6%), and 4(9.1%) respectively. The result of their antibiotics susceptibility test showed that all the bacteria isolates from both subjects were fully sensitive to fluoroquinolones, while a high level of resistance was seen with the use co-trimoxazole in HIV-positive subjects.

Conclusion: Bacteria isolates from HIV positive patients were highly resistant to co-trimoxazole as compared to isolates from HIV negative patients that were sensitive to co-trimoxazole. It was also noted in the result that the sensitivity pattern of otitis media to antibiotics differs from HIV positive and HIV negative patients, thus requiring different management approaches.
Role of Point of Care Ultrasound in Confirmation of Endotracheal Tube Placement in Children
Authors: Mohamed Fekry Roshdy , El-bahnasawy Mohamed Gamal , Hasan El-shafey Mohamed , Samy Sharaf Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Background: In the emergency department (ED), During airway management, tracheal intubation (TI) is a routine procedure in neonatal and pediatric critical care units, as well as the delivery room. The location of the endotracheal tube (ETT) should be confirmed as soon as possible since tube malposition is linked to severe complications such as aspiration, air leak syndromes, and oesophageal intubation. In perioperative, emergency, and critical care settings, ultrasound (US) gives point-of-care dynamic images of the airway.

Objective: The goal of this study is to evaluate the results of utilizing Trans-tracheal POCUS to confirm ETT implantation with other confirmatory procedures including colorimetric capnography and direct viewing.

Methods: The study was done at Al-Azhar & Tanta University Emergency Hospital and was a prospective observational study. To locate the tube, we employed tracheal sonography and an ETCO2 analyzer for capnography. We evaluated the amount of time required and the accuracy of the findings.

Results: There were a total of 40 children that required emergency endotracheal intubation. Endotracheal ETT was found in 37 (92.5%) of the patients, while esophageal ETT was seen in three (7.5%) patients. The capnography was the standard for detecting the ETT placement correctly. In 97 percent of patients, ultrasound was able to identify all esophageal intubation and confirm the insertion of an endotracheal tube (ETT) with a sensitivity of 100 percent and a specificity of 97.5 percent. The clinical assessment had misunderstood 16.2 percent of tracheal intubations and 2 out of 3 esophageal intubations.

Conclusion: POCUS is considered an accurate method in endotracheal tube insertion confirmation, resulting in safe, fast, and reliable airway management approaches.
Assay of Bio Analytical Method for the Estimation of Avelumab and Axitinib Using UPLC and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies
Authors: Prasanthi S. , Himabindu G.
Published: March 2022

Aims: Bioanalytical methods for the estimation of Avelumab and Axitinib using UPLC have been validated and may be used in Pharmacokinetic investigations.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Engineering Chemistry, AUCE (A), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, between September 2021 to February 2022.

Methodology: Using a C18 column (50x2.1 mm, 1.7 ) and an organic mobile phase containing 0.1 percent formic acid and Acetonitrile in a 70:30 ratio, this article provides an overview of recent advances in bioanalytical UPLC procedures.

Results: Avelumab and axitnib had linear calibration curves in the 5-100 ng/ml and 5-100 ng/ml ranges, respectively. Avelumab's precision and accuracy trial results were from 100.18 to 103.94, whereas Axitinib's were 99.39 to 100.81, according to the findings. The LQC and HQC of Avelumab and axitinib were 99.9 and 99.1 percent, respectively, in the matrix effect. There was a 0.67 and a 0.59 percent CV for the two medicines at the LQC and HQC levels respectively. In pharmacokinetic investigations, a simple and effective approach was created and used to observe the analyte of interest in bodily fluids.

Conclusion: It shows that the system's appropriateness, precision, linearity, and accuracy are all in accordance with USFDA criteria and may be used successfully for pharmacokinetic research in rabbits.
Transient refugees' social support, mental health, and physiological markers: Evidence from Serbian asylum centers
Authors: Jankovic‐Rankovic Jelena , Oka Rahul C. , Meyer Jerrold S. , Snodgrass J. Josh , Eick Geeta N. , Gettler Lee T.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Refugees seeking safety across international borders are often exposed to a wide breadth of psychosocially stressful experiences that may fracture existing sources of social support and impair the generation of new social relationships, with implications for their long‐term health and resilience. Using data from recently settled refugees in two asylum centers in Serbia, we examined the associations between social support, mental health, and physiological markers.

Methods

In this mixed‐method study of refugees (age 18–50 years, n = 76), we collected key socio‐demographic information and conducted semi‐structured interviews about refugees' journey and stay in Serbia, trauma/loss, and their sources of social support. We also collected self‐reported measures of mental well‐being as well as physiological markers relevant to repeated exposure to chronic psychosocial stress (fingernail cortisol and dried blood spots for analysis of Epstein–Barr virus [EBV] antibody titers).

Results

We found that refugees with longer journeys reported lower social support than those with shorter journeys. Refugees with lower social support reported poorer mental well‐being, greater PTSD‐related symptoms, and higher recent perceived stress than those with higher social support. We also observed that refugees with lower social support and higher recent stress, respectively, tended to exhibit higher fingernail cortisol levels. However, we did not observe comparable patterns linking EBV antibodies with psychosocial functioning.

Conclusion

Our cross‐sectional findings are consistent with the notion that social support is likely to be a critical component in effective interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse health effects of relocation‐related illnesses and poor social functioning as they await resettlement.
A Survey of Early Dispute Resolution Movements
Authors: Lande John
Published: March 2022

In most social movements like the abolitionist, civil rights, pro‐choice, pro‐life, and evangelical movements, members typically self‐identify as belonging to those movements. And outsiders generally recognize the movements as such.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Cycloisomerization/Cross‐Coupling of Carbonyl‐ and Imine‐Tethered Alkylidenecyclopropanes
Authors: Verdugo Felipe , Rodiño Ricardo , Calvelo Martín , Mascareñas José Luis , López Fernando
Published: March 2022

Pd0 catalysts featuring phosphorus‐based monodentate ligands can detour the reactivity of carbonyl‐tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) from standard (3+2) cycloadditions towards tandem cycloisomerization/cross‐coupling processes. This new reactivity lies on the formation of key π‐allyl oxapalladacyclic intermediates, which are subsequently trapped with external nucleophilic partners, instead of undergoing canonical C−O reductive eliminations. Importantly, the use of imine‐tethered ACP's is also feasible. Therefore, the method provides a straightforward and stereoselective entry to a wide variety of highly functionalized cyclic alcohols and amines.
Surface‐Adaptive Capillarity Enabling Densified 3D Printing for Ultra‐High Areal and Volumetric Energy Density Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Ling Shangwen , Cao Wanqiu , Zeng Li , Yuan Ruoxin , Zhang Chuhong
Published: March 2022

Endowing supercapacitors with higher energy density is of great practical significance but remains extremely challenging. In this work, an innovative densified 3D printing enabled by a surface‐adaptive capillarity strategy is proposed for the first time. The printable ink formulated with pyrrole surface‐modified reduced graphene oxide renders the printed electrodes excellent surface tension regulability to the subsequent capillary densification, creating an intensely condensed electrode with well‐maintained structural integrity. Furthermore, simultaneous in situ nitrogen doping and hierarchical micro–meso porosity are readily realized upon post‐carbonization, encouraging enhanced capacitance and fast reaction dynamics. As a result, the printed symmetric supercapacitor delivers a double leap in areal and volumetric energy densities in both aqueous and organic electrolytes, a rarely achieved yet gravely desired attribute for 3D printed energy storage devices.
Dendrite Issues for Zinc Anodes in a Flexible Cell Configuration for Zinc‐Based Wearable Energy‐Storage Devices
Authors: Li Qing , Wang Donghong , Yan Boxun , Zhao Yuwei , Fan Jun , Zhi Chunyi
Published: March 2022

A key application of aqueous rechargeable Zn‐based batteries (RZBs) is flexible and wearable energy storage devices (FESDs). Current studies and optimizations of Zn anodes have not considered the special flexible working modes needed. In this study, we present the Zn accumulation on the folded line and curve areas of flexible anodes. The correlation between the bending radius and the lifespan of symmetric cells is proposed. The interface contact of hydrogel electrolytes when working in a bending mode is another key factor affecting cell lifespan. After detailed analysis, the ideal cell configuration is shown to be hydrogel electrolytes with suitable chemistry, satisfactory mechanical properties, and high adhesivity. Thus a water in salt (WIS) hydrogel is proposed that demonstrates a highly stable cell performance. This work provides a new perspective in Zn anode research for the development of FESDs.
Controlling Thermal Expansion in Supramolecular Halogen‐Bonded Mixed Cocrystals through Synthetic Feed and Dynamic Motion
Authors: Juneja Navkiran , Shapiro Nicole M. , Unruh Daniel K. , Bosch Eric , Groeneman Ryan H. , Hutchins Kristin M.
Published: March 2022

Control over thermal expansion (TE) behaviors in solid materials is often accomplished by modifying the molecules or intermolecular interactions within the solid. Here, we use a mixed cocrystal approach and incorporate molecules with similar chemical structures, but distinct functionalities. Development of mixed cocrystals is at a nascent stage, and here we describe the first mixed cocrystals sustained by one‐dimensional halogen bonds. Within each mixed cocrystal, the halogen‐bond donor is fixed, while the halogen‐bond acceptor site contains two molecules in a variable ratio. X‐ray diffraction demonstrates isostructurality across the series, and SEM‐EDS shows equal distribution of heavy atoms and similar atomic compositions across all mixed cocrystals. The acceptor molecules differ in their ability to undergo dynamic motion in the solid state. The synthetic equivalents of motion capable and incapable molecules were systematically varied to yield direct tunabililty in TE behavior.
Enlightening the “Spirit Molecule”: Photomodulation of the 5‐HT2A Receptor by a Light‐Controllable N,N‐Dimethyltryptamine Derivative
Authors: Gerwe Hubert , He Feng , Pottie Eline , Stove Christophe , Decker Michael
Published: March 2022

Classical psychedelics are a group of hallucinogens which trigger non‐ordinary states of consciousness through activation of the 5‐HT2A receptor (5‐HT2AR) in the brain. However, the exact mechanism of how 5‐HT2AR agonism alters perception remains elusive. When studying receptor signaling, tools which work at the same spatiotemporal resolution as the receptor are exceptionally useful. To create such a tool, we designed a set of photoswitchable ligands based on the classical psychedelic N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT). By incorporation of the DMT‐indole ring into the photoswitchable system, we obtained red‐shifted ligands which can be operated by visible light. Among these azo‐DMTs, compound 2 h (“Photo‐DMT”) stands out as its cis isomer exhibits DMT like activity while the trans isomer acts as weak partial agonist. Such a cis‐on “efficacy switch” substantially expands the pharmacological toolbox to investigate the complex mechanisms of 5‐HT2AR signaling.
Identification of Novel Loci Shared by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Subtypes Through Integrative Genetic Analysis
Authors: Li Jin , Li Yun R. , Glessner Joseph T. , Yang Jie , March Michael E. , Kao Charlly , Vaccaro Courtney N. , Bradfield Jonathan P. , Li Junyi , Mentch Frank D. , Qu Hui‐Qi , Qi Xiaohui , Chang Xiao , Hou Cuiping , Abrams Debra J. , Qiu Haijun , Wei Zhi , Connolly John J. , Wang Fengxiang , Snyder James , Flatø Berit , Thompson Susan D. , Langefeld Carl D. , Lie Benedicte A. , Munro Jane E. , Wise Carol , Sleiman Patrick M. A. , Hakonarson Hakon
Published: March 2022

Objective

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic immune‐mediated joint disease among children and encompasses a heterogeneous group of immune‐mediated joint disorders classified into 7 subtypes according to clinical presentation. However, phenotype overlap and biologic evidence suggest a shared mechanistic basis between subtypes. This study was undertaken to systematically investigate shared genetic underpinnings of JIA subtypes.

Methods

We performed a heterogeneity‐sensitive genome‐wide association study encompassing a total of 1,245 JIA cases (classified into 7 subtypes) and 9,250 controls, followed by fine‐mapping of candidate causal variants at each genome‐wide significant locus, functional annotation, and pathway and network analysis. We further identified candidate drug targets and drug repurposing opportunities by in silico analyses.

Results

In addition to the major histocompatibility complex locus, we identified 15 genome‐wide significant loci shared between at least 2 JIA subtypes, including 10 novel loci. Functional annotation indicated that candidate genes at these loci were expressed in diverse immune cell types.

Conclusion

This study identified novel genetic loci shared by JIA subtypes. Our findings identified candidate mechanisms underlying JIA subtypes and candidate targets with drug repurposing opportunities for JIA treatment.
Opportunities to use electronic health record audit logs to improve cancer care
Authors: Huilgol Yash S. , Adler‐Milstein Julia , Ivey Susan L. , Hong Julian C.
Published: March 2022

The rapid adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) has created extensive repositories of digitized data that can be used to inform improvements in care delivery, processes, and patient outcomes. While the clinical data captured in EHRs are widely used for such efforts, EHRs also capture audit log data that reflect how users interact with the EHR to deliver care. Automatically collected audit log data provide a unique opportunity for new insights into EHR user behavior and decision‐making processes. Here, we provide an overview of audit log data and examples that could be used to improve oncology care and outcomes in four domains: diagnostic reasoning and consumption, care team collaboration and communication, patient outcomes and experience, and provider burnout/fatigue. This data source could identify gaps in performance and care, physician uptake of EHR features that enhance decision‐making, and integration of data trends for oncology. Ensuring researchers and oncologists are familiar with the data's potential and developing the data engineering capacity to utilize this rich data source, will expand the breadth of research to improve cancer care.
Divergent Synthesis, Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Studies of 1,3‐Aminoalcohol and 3‐Amino‐1,2‐Diol Based Diaminopyrimidines
Authors: Raji Mounir , Le Tam Minh , Huynh Thu , Szekeres András , Nagy Viktória , Zupkó István , Szakonyi Zsolt
Published: March 2022

A series of novel diaminopyrimidines containing pinane moieties were synthesized via an efficient methodology starting from pinane‐based aminoalcohols, aminodiols and 2,4‐dichloropyrimidines. Bioassay tests demonstrated that compound 18a displayed much stronger antiproliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines (HeLa, Siha, MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7 and A2780) than positive control cisplatin. In particular, compound 22a was found to be selective in inhibiting HeLa cell proliferation with cancer cell growth inhibition values higher than 95 %. Moreover, the in vitro screening of prepared compounds against different bacterial and fungal strains is reported. The results revealed that 12b and 17a, the most promising compounds, displayed selective inhibition for the Gram‐positive bacteria (B. subtilis and S. aureus) with percent inhibition values ranging from 75 to 95 % at 10 μg/mL concentration. Both selective inhibition and the in vitro activity values demonstrated that these compounds have the potential to be developed into clinically important therapeutic choices for the treatment of infections caused by B. subtilis and S. aureus.
TOX3 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer by downregulating RhoB via the activation of the MAPK pathway
Authors: Yang Wei , Wu Wei , Liang Hailiang , Chen Jiejing , Dong Xiaoqiang
Published: March 2022

TOX high mobility group box family member 3 (TOX3) can function as tumor suppressor or oncogene in different tumors, while ras homolog family member B (RhoB) is a well‐known tumor suppressor. The expression and role of TOX3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the expression of TOX3 in CRC and the role of TOX3/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/RhoB signaling in the proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells. We showed that TOX3 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels were significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. High TOX3 expression was associated with high T stage, nodal invasion, and advanced tumor stage. Disease‐free survival (DFS) was shortened for CRC patients with high expression of TOX3, while overall survival showed no significant difference. TOX3 promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and decreased the sensitivity to oxaliplatin of CRC cells. In addition, the inhibition of TOX3 led to the upregulation of RhoB, and RhoB overexpression suppressed the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of CRC cells. Moreover, TOX3 overexpression upregulated MAPK signaling, while MAPK signaling inhibitor U0126 induced CRC cell proliferation arrest or apoptosis, and attenuated the inhibition of RhoB in TOX3 overexpression cells. In addition, the overexpression of TOX3 increased tumor volume in nude mice. In conclusion, TOX3 may be an oncogene in CRC and can predict DFS in CRC patients. TOX3/MAPK/RhoB signaling plays an important role in the modulation of proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells.