bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sharing, collaborating, and building trust: How Open Science advances language testing
Authors: Winke Paula
Published: August 2024

The Open Science movement is taking hold around the world, and language testers are taking part. In this Viewpoint, I discuss how sharing, collaborating, and building trust, guided by Open Science principles, benefit the language testing field. To help more language testers join in, I present a standard definition of Open Science and describe four ways language testing researchers can immediately partake. Overall, I share my views on how Open Science is an accelerating process that improves language testing as a scientific and humanistic field.
Comparison of staged versus one shot varicose veins treatment: Depending on tributaries diameter
Authors: Chernukha Larisa , Voloshyn Olexandr , Suzdalenko Olexandr , Gubka Viktor , Machuskui Serhii , Pavlychenko Viktor
Published: August 2024

Background

One of the most debatable phlebology community’s issue is the choice of the optimal tactics for endovenous varicose tributaries correction after truncal ablation. Which tactic will be most effective? There is practically no data concerning treatment tactics’ choice for varicose tributary depending on its diameter. Therefore, the comparison of staged versus one-stage treatment of varicose veins is relevant problem in modern phlebology. Research on this topic will make possible determination of advantages and potential disadvantages of the proposed tactics.

Methods

The study included a prospective analysis of the combined treatment of 295 patients with primary varicose veins who underwent outpatient treatment.

Results

Simultaneous EVLA of saphenous trunks and ligation (gentle phlebectomy) of visible large-diameter tributaries (6 mm or more) with staged sclerotherapy after a month, has significant potential benefits.

Conclusion

The use of staged varicose veins treatment minimizes the traumatic intervention and discomfort for the patient, while achieving satisfactory treatment results without affecting the quality of life.
Mid-term results of cyanoacrylate closure for the treatment of incompetent great and small saphenous veins: Findings from a Japanese prospective consecutive multi-center registry: Mid-term results of cyanoacrylate closure
Authors: Imai Takahiro , Mo Makoto , Hirokawa Masayuki , Kurihara Nobuhisa , Shokoku Shintaro , Sugiyama Satoru , Shirasugi Nozomu , Kusagawa Hitoshi , Hoshino Yuji , Yamamoto Takashi , Hyodo Eiichi , Furubayashi Keichi , Ogawa Tomohiro
Published: August 2024

Objectives

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of cyanoacrylate closure (CAC) for endovascular treatment of varicose veins with cyanoacrylate adhesive (VenaSeal® closure system) in Japan.

Methods

A multicenter prospective consecutive registry study was conducted at 12 centers in Japan on 125 patients with primary varicose veins who underwent CAC. The patients were evaluated on target vein occlusion, postoperative complications, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, revised Venous Clinical Severity Score (rVCSS), Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ), and EuroQol 5 dimensions 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) for 1-year after the surgery.

Results

The closure rate was 92.6% at 1 year postoperatively, and 95.0% and 90.2% for GSV and SSV respectively with little difference ( p = .491). The mean VAS in the immediate postoperative period was 18.9 ± 23.4. Postoperative complications were observed in 20 patients (16%). Hypersensitivity-type phlebitis occurred in 7 patients (5.6%). Infection of the treated vein resulted in resection of GSV. The rVCSS and AVVQ improved significantly after 90 days and 1 year postoperatively ( p < .001), while the EQ-5D-5L have not changed.

Conclusion

Cyanoacrylate Closure was considered generally a safe and minimally invasive treatment with good mid-term outcomes including SSV. However further study is required for some CAC specific complications.
Compassionate use of esketamine intranasal in patients with severe major depressive disorder resistant to the treatment
Authors: Gutiérrez-Rojas Luis , Vendrell-Serres Julia , Ramos-Quiroga J. Antoni , Etxeandia-Pradera Jon Iñaki , Aguilar Eduardo , De Santiago-Díaz Ana Isabel , Hernández-Huerta Daniel , Tordera Vicente , Vázquez-Ventoso Carlos , Bolívar Moisés , Abril Asunción , Catalán-Barragán Rubén , García-Jiménez Jesús
Published: August 2024

Background:

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is defined as the failure of at least two antidepressants in adequate doses and timing during a major depressive episode. Esketamine intranasal (ESK-IN) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of TRD in combination with other antidepressants.

Aims:

To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of a sample of TRD patients who received treatment with ESK-IN as part of the compassionate use program.

Methods:

A retrospective, observational study was carried out on patients with a diagnosis of TRD enrolled in the early access program of ESK-IN in nine centers. Effectiveness was assessed with the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS) at four time points: baseline, 28, 90, and 180 days of treatment.

Results:

The sample included 71 patients (70% women) with a mean baseline MADRS score of 38.27 ± 5.9 and total or partial work disability rates of 85%. ESK-IN treatment was associated with a statistically and clinically significant reduction in the severity of depressive symptoms at all time points assessed. The presence of side effects was common but the majority were mild in severity and resolved after the observation period. Those patients who received psychotherapy in combination with ESK-IN showed a significantly lower MADRS score at 90 and 180 days than those patients who did not undergo psychotherapy.

Conclusion:

ESK-IN has proven to be effective and safe in a clinical sample of patients with severe TRD. To optimize clinical outcomes, the pharmacological treatment for TRD should always be integrated into a comprehensive therapeutic plan that encompasses strategies such as psychotherapy, social support, and family interventions.
Multimodal and serial MRI monitors brain peri-hematomal injury and repair mechanisms after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Puy Laurent , Kuchcinski Gregory , Leboullenger Clémence , Auger Florent , Cordonnier Charlotte , Bérézowski Vincent
Published: August 2024

The peri-hematomal area (PHA) emerges as a key but puzzling interface where edematous and neuroinflammatory events co-occur after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), while being considered either as deleterious or protective. We aimed at unraveling the pathogeny and natural history of PHA over time after experimental ICH. Male and female rats were longitudinally followed up to day 7 using multimodal brain MRI. MRI measures were compared to neuropathological and behavioural results. While the peak of PHA volume at day 3 was predictive for spontaneous locomotor deficit without sex-effect, its drop at day 7 fitted with locomotor recovery and hematoma resorption. The PHA highest water density was observed at onset despite microvascular hypoperfusion, taken over by blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage at day 3. Water density dropped at day 7, when vascular integrity was normalized, and the highest number of reactive astrocytes, microglial cells, and siderophages found. This study shows that the PHA with edematous component is hematoma-driven at onset and BBB-driven at day 3, but this excess neuroinflammation enabled PHA volume reduction and significant hematoma resorption as soon as day 7. Therapeutic interventions should consider this pathogeny, and be monitored by multimodal MRI in preclinical ICH models.
The temporal dynamic of bradykinin type 2 receptor effects reveals its neuroprotective role in the chronic phase of cerebral and retinal ischemic injury
Authors: Justić Helena , Barić Anja , Ratko Martina , Šimunić Iva , Radmilović Marin , Pongrac Marta , Škokić Siniša , Dobrivojević Radmilović Marina
Published: August 2024

The activation of the bradykinin type 2 receptor is intricately involved in acute post-ischemic inflammatory responses. However, its precise role in different stages of ischemic injury, especially in the chronic phase, remains unclear. Following simultaneous cerebral and retinal ischemia, bradykinin type 2 receptor knockout mice and their controls were longitudinally monitored for 35 days via magnetic resonance imaging, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, behavioral assessments, vascular permeability measurements, and immunohistochemistry, as well as glycemic status assessments. Without impacting the lesion size, bradykinin type 2 receptor deficiency reduced acute cerebral vascular permeability preventing the loss of pericytes and tight junctions. In the chronic phase of ischemia, however, it resulted in increased astrogliosis and cortical neuronal loss, as well as higher functional deficits. The retinal findings demonstrated a similar pattern. Bradykinin type 2 receptor deficiency delayed, but exacerbated the development of retinal necrosis, increased subacute vascular permeability, and promoted retinal ganglion cell loss in the chronic phase of ischemia. This investigation sheds light on the temporal dynamic of bradykinin type 2 receptor effects in ischemia, pointing to a therapeutic potential in the subacute and chronic phases of ischemic injury.
Arterial specification precedes microvascular restitution in the peri-infarct cortex that is driven by small microvessels
Authors: Hagemann Nina , Qi Yachao , Mohamud Yusuf Ayan , Li AnRan , Zhang Xiaoni , Spangenberg Philippa , Squire Anthony , Doeppner Thorsten R , Jin Fengyan , Zhao Shuo , Chen Jianxu , Mosig Axel , Gunzer Matthias , Hermann Dirk M
Published: August 2024

Evaluation of microvascular networks was impeded until recently by the need of histological tissue sectioning, which precluded 3D analyses. Using light-sheet microscopy, we investigated microvascular network characteristics in the peri-infarct cortex of mice 3–56 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. In animal subgroups, the sphingosine-1-phosphate analog FTY720 (Fingolimod) was administered starting 24 hours post-ischemia. Light-sheet microscopy revealed a striking pattern of microvascular changes in the peri-infarct cortex, that is, a loss of microvessels, which was most prominent after 7 days and followed by the reappearance of microvessels over 56 days which revealed an increased branching point density and shortened branches. Using a novel AI-based image analysis algorithm we found that the length density of microvessels expressing the arterial specification marker α-smooth muscle actin markedly increased in the peri-infarct cortex already at 7 days post-ischemia. The length and branch density of small microvessels, but not of intermediate or large microvessels increased above pre-ischemic levels within 14–56 days. FTY720 increased the length and branch density of small microvessels. This study demonstrates long-term alterations of microvascular architecture post-ischemia indicative of increased collateralization most notably of small microvessels. Light-sheet microscopy will greatly advance the assessment of microvascular responses to restorative stroke therapies.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mediates cerebral ischemia-induced astrocytic reactivity
Authors: Yanev Pavel , Martin-Jimenez Cynthia , Vesga-Jimenez Diego Julian , Zvinys Laura , Weinrich Nicholas , Cree Mary Ann , Preuss Todd M , Zhang Xiaodong , Yepes Manuel
Published: August 2024

Although ischemia increases the abundance of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), its source and role in the ischemic brain remain unclear. We detected PAI-1-immunoreactive cells with morphological features of reactive astrocytes in the peri-ischemic cortex of mice after an experimentally-induced ischemic lesion, and of a chimpanzee that suffered a naturally-occurring stroke. We found that although the abundance of PAI-1 increases 24 hours after the onset of the ischemic injury in a non-reperfusion murine model of ischemic stroke, at that time-point there is no difference in astrocytic reactivity and the volume of the ischemic lesion between wild-type (Wt) animals and in mice either genetically deficient (PAI-1−/−) or overexpressing PAI-1 (PAI-1Tg). In contrast, 72 hours later astrocytic reactivity and the volume of the ischemic lesion were decreased in PAI-1−/− mice and increased in PAI-1Tg animals. Our immunoblottings and fractal analysis studies show that the abundance of astrocytic PAI-1 rises during the recovery phase from a hypoxic injury, which in turn increases the abundance of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and triggers morphological features of reactive astrocytes. These studies indicate that cerebral ischemia-induced release of astrocytic PAI-1 triggers astrocytic reactivity associated with enlargement of the necrotic core.
Alterations of cerebrovascular reactivity following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury are independent of neurodevelopmental changes
Authors: van der Horn Harm Jan , Dodd Andrew B , Wick Tracey V , Robertson-Benta Cidney , McQuaid Jessica R , Erhardt Erik B , Miller Samuel D , Sasi Kumar Divyasree , Nathaniel Upasana , Ling Josef M , Ryman Sephira G , Vakhtin Andrei A , Sapien Robert E , Phillips John P , Campbell Richard A , Mayer Andrew R
Published: August 2024

Cerebrovascular dysfunction following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is understudied relative to other microstructural injuries, especially during neurodevelopment. The blood-oxygen level dependent response was used to investigate cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in response to hypercapnia following pediatric mTBI (pmTBI; ages 8–18 years), as well as pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF). Data were collected ∼1-week (N = 107) and 4 months (N = 73) post-injury. Sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent identical examinations at comparable time points (N = 110 and N = 91). Subtle clinical and cognitive deficits existed at ∼1 week that resolved for some, but not all domains at 4 months post-injury. At both visits, pmTBI showed an increased maximal fit between end-tidal CO2 regressor and the cerebrovascular response across multiple regions (primarily fronto-temporal), as well as increased latency to maximal fit in independent regions (primarily posterior). Hypoperfusion was also noted within the bilateral cerebellum. A biphasic relationship existed between CVR amplitude and age (i.e., positive until 14.5 years, negative thereafter) in both gray and white matter, but these neurodevelopment effects did not moderate injury effects. CVR metrics were not associated with post-concussive symptoms or cognitive deficits. In conclusion, cerebrovascular dysfunction may persist for up to four months following pmTBI.
White matter hyperintensity shape is related to long-term progression of cerebrovascular disease in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Kuhn-Keller Jasmin Annica , Sigurdsson Sigurdur , Launer Lenore J , van Buchem Mark A , van Osch Matthias JP , Gudnason Vilmundur , de Bresser Jeroen
Published: August 2024

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) shape is associated with long-term dementia risk in community-dwelling older adults, however, the underlying structural correlates of this association are unknown. We therefore aimed to investigate the association between baseline WMH shape and cerebrovascular disease progression over time in community-dwelling older adults. The association of WMH shape and cerebrovascular disease markers was investigated using linear and logistic regression models in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik (AGES) study (n = 2297; average time to follow-up: 5.2 years). A more irregular shape of periventricular/confluent WMH at baseline was associated with a larger increase in WMH volume, and with occurrence of new subcortical infarcts, new microbleeds, new enlarged perivascular spaces, and new cerebellar infarcts at the 5.2-year follow-up (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, less elongated and more irregularly shaped deep WMHs were associated with a larger increase in WMH volume, and new cortical infarcts at follow-up (p < 0.05). A less elongated shape of deep WMH was associated with new microbleeds at follow-up (p < 0.05). Our findings show that WMH shape may be indicative of the type of cerebrovascular disease marker progression. This underlines the significance of WMH shape to aid in the assessment of cerebrovascular disease progression.
Graphene-enhanced PCL electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering
Authors: Muñoz-Gonzalez Ana M , Leal-Marin Sara , Clavijo-Grimaldo Dianney , Glasmacher Birgit
Published: August 2024

Cardiovascular diseases, particularly myocardial infarction, have significant healthcare challenges due to the limited regenerative capacity of injured heart tissue. Cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) offers a promising approach to repairing myocardial damage using biomaterials that mimic the heart’s extracellular matrix. This study investigates the potential of graphene nanopowder (Gnp)-enhanced polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning to improve the properties necessary for effective cardiac repair. This work aimed to analyze scaffolds with varying graphene concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight) to determine their morphological, chemical, mechanical, and biocompatibility characteristics. The results presented that incorporating graphene improves PCL scaffolds’ mechanical properties and cellular interactions. The optimal concentration of 1% graphene significantly enhanced mechanical properties and biocompatibility, promoting cell adhesion and proliferation. These findings suggest that Gnp-enhanced PCL scaffolds at this concentration can serve as a potent substrate for CTE providing insights into designing more effective biomaterials for myocardial restoration.
Gender Gap in All Academic Fields Over Time
Authors: Jemielniak Dariusz , Wilamowski Maciej
Published: August 2024

Academic publishing gender gap has been surprisingly under covered across all disciplines and over a longer timeframe. Our study fills this gap, by analyzing how the proportions of women authors change in academic publications over 20 years in all fields from 31,219 journals from 2001 to 2021. Our results indicate that the ratio of female to male authors keeps increasing steadily across disciplines. The increases are field-neutral—in other words, they are not bigger, for example, in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, in spite of multiple initiatives focusing specifically on STEM. The increases are also decelerating in time, which could suggest that the equilibrium of female to male authors may be plateauing. Finally, although the within-field gender gap is decreasing, it actually widened between fields. Thus, our results have major consequences for science policy in the area of the gender gap.
Improvement of aerodynamic performance of a volute-free centrifugal fan at a large flow rate using a wavy shroud
Authors: Qin Hengjun , He Haijiang , Luo Ping , Zhang Zhenli , Wang Zhengdao , Yang Hui , Wei Yikun , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2024

The volute-free centrifugal fans in ventilation applications are used to exhaust a large amount of air under the effect of the head loss in the ventilation pipeline system, thus, a high static pressure rise at a large flow rate of the fans is anticipated. The shroud of the conventional volute-free centrifugal fans has an axisymmetric geometry, that is, the height of the fan outlet is constant over the whole circumference. Considering the non-uniform flow in the blade passages, the shroud of a wavy geometry might help in improving the static pressure rise and efficiency of the fans at a large flow rate condition. In this work, we performed a numerical investigation on the internal flow of a volute-free centrifugal fan with a wavy shroud. The effect of the geometry of the wavy shroud, as quantified by the maximum height and profile, on the aerodynamic performance of the fan is explored, and the flow physics leading to the performance improvement are demonstrated through a detailed analysis of the patterns of the internal flow. The numerical results showed that compared with the baseline fan with an axisymmetric shroud, the fan with a wavy shroud could substantially improve the static pressure rise and efficiency at the large flow rate. The wavy shroud regulates the near-wall flow especially at the fan outlet; the fluctuation of the radial velocity, secondary flow, and reversed flow is greatly weakened, producing a uniform flow at the fan outlet. The fluctuation of the static pressure in the blade passages and on the shroud side of the fan outlet greatly decreases. Further analysis of the acoustic power level field indicates that the wavy shroud increases the acoustic power at the fan inlet but does not have a notable influence on that near the outlet.
Synergistic state governance of labour standards in global value chains: Forced labour in the Malaysia–Nepal–UK medical gloves supply chain
Authors: Brown James A , Hughes Alex , Bhutta Mahmood F , Trautrims Alexander , Trueba Mei L
Published: August 2024

Drawing on research into medical gloves global value chains (GVCs), this article examines the interacting roles that states differently positioned in GVCs have played in preventing and eliminating forced labour. Our case study, based on a worker survey and semi-structured interviews across GVC actors, focuses on forced labour in the Malaysian medical gloves sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, linking production in Malaysia, end markets in the UK (primarily through procurement for the National Health Service) and migrant-sending countries, especially Nepal. We analyze the intermeshing effects of the different roles of states, operating at either the horizontal or vertical level of GVC governance, in terms of contributing to issues of forced labour. We identify three state roles in the Malaysia–UK medical gloves chain: producer state (Malaysia), migrant-sending state (Nepal) and regulator-buyer state (UK). We also identify some of the most persistent barriers to resolving forced labour in the value chain. Our research illustrates that Malaysia’s complex regulatory, political and institutional dynamics most directly influence forced labour in gloves production, but Nepal’s migration policies and the UK’s healthcare procurement practices also create forced labour risk in Malaysia. Advancing Gereffi and Lee’s (2016: 25) notion of “synergistc governance” and Jessop’s (2016) strategic-relational approach (SRA) to the state, we thus argue that the creation of sustained and positive regulatory synergies among states differently positioned in GVCs is necessary for the prevention and elimination of forced labour.
Bearers of rights, not just babies: Pondering pregnancy as an impairment to explore pathways to equality
Authors: Smith Belinda , Kayess Rosemary , Allen Dominique , Orifici Adriana
Published: August 2024

This article takes a novel approach of conceptualising pregnancy as an impairment in order to reconsider how the law responds to pregnant workers. We argue that this understanding may lead to developing more appropriate workplace responses to accommodate the changing body during pregnancy, as well as help to challenge the stigma associated with impairments.
Lipofuscin accumulates in ganglionic neurons in chronic equine dysautonomia
Authors: Tan Yi Shean Lydia , Milne Elspeth M. , Shaw Darren J. , Maxwell Scott , Del-Pozo Jorge
Published: August 2024

Lipofuscin is a complex mixture of highly oxidized, cross-linked macromolecules that accumulates in neurons with age and some neurodegenerative diseases. Equine dysautonomia (ED) is a polyneuropathy that mainly affects autonomic and enteric nervous systems, resulting in alimentary tract dysfunction. Our main aim was to determine whether neuronal lipofuscin increased with increasing duration of ED. We investigated the prevalence of lipofuscin in cranial cervical ganglia of horses with acute (AED), subacute (SED), and chronic ED (CED), young controls (of similar age to ED cases), and aged controls ( n = 8 per group). We used Schmorl stain for histologic detection of lipofuscin and assessed its accumulation in neurons using image analysis software. The percentage of neurons positive for lipofuscin increased with age in individual groups and all groups combined ( p < 0.001). There were fewer positive neurons in AED and SED compared to aged controls ( p < 0.001) and more in CED than AED cases ( p = 0.042) and young controls ( p = 0.012). We found a strong positive correlation between percentage positive neurons and percentage positive area of the neuron containing lipofuscin for combined groups ( p < 0.001). Although neuronal lipofuscin increased in cranial cervical ganglion in CED cases, it remains to be determined whether this is a cause or consequence of neuronal degeneration.
Electrical capacitance and mechanical performances of embedded piezo-polymer transducers in polymer-matrix composites under monotonic tensile tests
Authors: Najd Jamal , Harizi Walid , Zappino Enrico , Aboura Zoheir , Carrera Erasmo
Published: August 2024

In this study, the capacitance variation of piezoelectric polymeric transducers embedded in Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC) under monotonic tensile testing was studied. The aim was to draw out a comparison between the experimental and numerical results obtained via a high-order kinematics 2D model. In parallel, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) including specimen temperature and Acoustic Emission (AE) signatures were obtained, and a Micro-tensile test was performed directly on the sensor material to further investigate the behaviour of capacitance of P(VDF-TRFE) films directly under tensile tests. The tensile tests were numerical modelled under static electro-mechanically coupled layer-wise 2D models. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the effects of the different parameters of the transducer. Under all the presented results, it was found that further investigation regarding the quantitative capacitance variation modelling needs to be carried out, as the presented modelling approach neglects capacitance non-linear behaviour, piezoelectric material discharge and the effects of capacitance measurement.
Discerning Deinfibulation: Impact of Personal, Professional, and Familial Influences on Decision-Making
Authors: Connor Jennifer Jo , Abdikeir Kalthum , Chaisson Nicole , Brady Sonya S. , Chen Muzi , Abdi Cawo , Salad Munira , Johnson-Agbakwu Crista E. , Hussein Intisar , Afey Foos , Pergament Shannon , Robinson Beatrice “Bean” E.
Published: August 2024

The past decades have seen large numbers of Somali women migrate across the globe. It is critical for healthcare workers in host countries to understand healthcare needs of Somali women. The majority of Somali female migrants experience female genital cutting (FGC). The most common type in Somalia is Type 3 or infibulation, the narrowing of the vaginal introitus. Deinfibulation opens the introitus to reduce poor health outcomes and/or allow for vaginal births. In this study, we explored the perspectives of Somali women living in the United States about deinfibulation. We recruited 75 Somali women who had experienced FGC through community-based participatory research methods. Bilingual community researchers conducted qualitative interviews in Somali or English. University faculty and community-based researchers coded data together in a participatory-analysis process. We identified four themes. (1) Personal Views: participants reported positive attitudes toward deinfibulation and varied on the appropriateness of deinfibulation before marriage. (2) Benefits: identified benefits included alleviation of health problems; improved sexual health, in particular reduction or prevention of sexual pain; and reclamation of body and womanhood. (3) Barriers: these included associated stigma and lack of knowledge by providers. (4) Decision-Making: most reported that husbands, healthcare providers, and elder female community members may provide advice about if and/or when to seek deinfibulation, though some felt deinfibulation decisions are solely up to the impacted woman. An ecological framework is used to frame the findings and identify the importance of healthcare workers in assisting women who have been infibulated make decisions.
Differential Effects of an Integrated Community-Based End-Of-Life Support Team (ICEST) Model for Terminally Ill Older Adults on Spousal and Adult-Children Caregivers
Authors: Chow Amy Yin Man , Zhang Anna Yan , Wong Kelly Tsz Ching , Chan Iris Kwan Ning , Fordjour Genevieve Ataa , Xiong Xuechen , Lou Vivian Waiqun , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan
Published: August 2024

Backgrounds: Family caregivers (FCs) play an essential role in delivering home-based end-of-life care. However, little is known about FCs’' experiences when undertaking this role. The integrated community end-of-life support team (ICEST) is a needs-driven, home-based, family-centered care model in Hong Kong. We evaluated its effects on FCs and compared outcomes for spouses and adult children. Method: A multicenter pre-post-test study was conducted. Eligible participants were primary FCs of terminally ill older adults (age ≥ 60) who had a life expectancy of ≤12 months. Baseline (T0) and three-month post-intervention (T1) outcome measures included FCs’' caregiving strain, psychological distress, perceived external support, intimate relationships, and communications regarding care planning. Results: A sample of 628 FCs were enrolled at T0, and 40.0% completed the T1 assessments. The ICEST model was effective in reducing caregiving strain, depression, and worries about patients, whilst there were improvements in agreement about care planning with patients, and perceived external supports. At T0, spouses held more negative perceptions of caregiving and faced fewer adjustment demands than adult children. Compared with spouses, adult children were more intimate with patients. Between T0 and T1, spouses experienced a greater reduction in worries about patients, than adult children. Conclusions: The ICEST model contributed to better outcomes, individually and relationally, for FCs, regardless of relationship type. Spouses and adult children faced different challenges while delivering home-based end-of-life care. Effective interventions should modify the negative perceptions of caregiving in spousal caregivers and enable adult children to deal with multiple tasks and complex expectations.
A Visual Analysis of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Lung Cancer From 2013 to 2023
Authors: Gu Zhirong , Wu Liu , Li Jinxing , Zheng Silin , Huang Min
Published: August 2024

Background

Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world and has become one of the malignancies with the highest incidence and mortality; more than half of patients die within one year of being diagnosed with lung cancer. In recent years, the concept of “patient-centered” service has gained popularity, and patients’ subjective feelings have gradually been used in clinical decision-making. Therefore, this study determined the application of visual patient report outcomes in the field of lung cancer, in order to provide reference for specific clinical practice.

Methods

Using the Web of Science core collection as the main analysis content, Citespace and VOSviewer were used to conduct this scientometric study.

Results

A total of 499 literatures that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved. The most prolific institution was The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the United States dominates this field.

Conclusion

The measurement of patient-reported outcomes is considered the gold standard for effectively evaluating patients' perceptions of clinical interventions or diseases. It is recommended that patient-reported outcomes be integrated into routine care for cancer patients in order to enhance communication between patients and healthcare providers.

Patient or public contribution

Not applicable. All data in this paper are obtained from the web of science database.
Establishment of Prognostic Nomogram for Male Breast Cancer Patients: A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Database Analysis
Authors: Ma Zhongjing , Xu Mengyao , Zhang Jingjiao , Li Jia , Fang Fengqi
Published: August 2024

Background

Male breast cancer (MBC) represents a rare subtype of breast cancer, with limited prognostic factor studies available. The purpose of this research was to develop a unique nomogram for predicting MBC patient overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS).

Methods

From 2010 to 2020, clinical characteristics of male breast cancer patients were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Following univariate and multivariate analyses, nomograms for OS and BCSS were created. Kaplan-Meier plots were further generated to illustrate the relationship between independent risk variables and survival. The nomogram’s ability to discriminate was measured by employing the area under a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curves. Additionally, when the nomogram was used to direct clinical practice, we also used decision curve analysis (DCA) to evaluate the clinical usefulness and net clinical benefits.

Results

A total of 2143 patients were included in this research. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that age, grade, surgery, chemotherapy status, brain metastasis status, subtype, marital status, race, and AJCC-T, AJCC-N, and AJCC-M stages were significantly correlated with OS. Lung metastasis, age, marital status, grade, surgery, and AJCC-T, AJCC-N, and AJCC-M stages were significantly correlated with BCSS. By comprising these variables, a predictive nomogram was constructed in the SEER cohort. Then, it could be validated well in the validation cohort by receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) curve and calibration plot. Furthermore, the nomogram demonstrated better decision curve analysis (DCA) results, indicating the ability to forecast survival probability with greater accuracy.

Conclusion

We created and validated a unique nomogram that can assist clinicians in identifying MBC patients at high risk and forecasting their OS/BCSS.
Construction of a 12-Gene Prognostic Risk Model and Tumor Immune Microenvironment Analysis Based on the Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Model
Authors: Wang Shuo , Yu Ziyi , Cao Yudong , Du Peng , Ma Jinchao , Ji Yongpeng , Yang Xiao , Zhao Qiang , Hong Baoan , Yang Yong , Hai Yanru , Li Junhui , Mao Yufeng , Wu Shuangxiu
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Accurate survival predictions and early interventional therapy are crucial for people with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods

In this retrospective study, we identified differentially expressed immune-related (DE-IRGs) and oncogenic (DE-OGs) genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset to construct a prognostic risk model using univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. We compared the immunogenomic characterization between the high- and low-risk patients in the TCGA and the PUCH cohort, including the immune cell infiltration level, immune score, immune checkpoint, and T-effector cell- and interferon (IFN)-γ-related gene expression.

Results

A prognostic risk model was constructed based on 9 DE-IRGs and 3 DE-OGs and validated in the training and testing TCGA datasets. The high-risk group exhibited significantly poor overall survival compared with the low-risk group in the training ( P < 0.0001), testing ( P = 0.016), and total ( P < 0.0001) datasets. The prognostic risk model provided accurate predictive value for ccRCC prognosis in all datasets. Decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram showed the best net benefit for the 1-, 3-, and 5-year risk predictions. Immunogenomic analyses of the TCGA and PUCH cohorts showed higher immune cell infiltration levels, immune scores, immune checkpoint, and T-effector cell- and IFN-γ-related cytotoxic gene expression in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group.

Conclusion

The 12-gene prognostic risk model can reliably predict overall survival outcomes and is strongly associated with the tumor immune microenvironment of ccRCC.
Brown vs. Board of Education: Implications for Gifted and Talented Education
Authors: Ford Donna Y. , Hines Erik M. , Middleton Tanya J. , Moore James L.
Published: August 2024

This year, 2024 marks the 70th anniversary of Brown versus Board of Education (1954). Despite this amount of time since Black students were legally allowed to attend schools with White students, the goal(s) of this landmark court case have not been achieved. Schools are not desegregated in many states and districts. Even more segregated is gifted and talented education (GATE) in which Black students are underrepresented about approximately 55% (Office for Civil Rights’ Civil Rights Data, 2023); denied access exists more for this group more than any other. In this brief article, we juxtapose GATE with the tenets of Brown, and provide recommendations and resources for families and educators from various disciplines. We urge educators to turn from equality to equity in order to truly advocate for their Black students.
The Importance of Identifying Spatial Skills in Talented Students
Authors: Wai Jonathan , Lakin Joni M.
Published: August 2024

Students’ talent and potential cannot be served until they are recognized by schools or caregivers. While the field of gifted education has had success in identifying many students with talents in reading and mathematics, those with spatial talents are often overlooked. This article reviews how we might identify spatial talent using traditional tests as well as observations during planned activities. Identifying spatial talent is an area in need of further research and assessment development.
Learning to Learn
Authors: Kaplan Sandra N.
Published: August 2024

Learning to learn is different from differentiation. The concept of “learning to learn” addresses why gifted students study content, develop a skill, use a particular reference, produce a specific product, and consequently develop the understanding and reasons to value scholarliness and become a scholar.
Spatial Thinking Across the Curriculum: Fruitfully Combining Research and Practice
Authors: Lakin Joni M. , Wai Jonathan , Olszewski-Kubilius Paula , Corwith Susan , Rothschild Danielle , Uttal David H.
Published: August 2024

Spatial thinking permeates much of our lives and is an asset when solving problems involving well-structured visual information or imagining solutions in physical or digital space. However, an estimated three million US school children have spatial talents that go unrecognized because of the tools commonly used for identification of academic talent. For decades, educational and psychological research has explored the range of spatial thinking skills that are demanded by many career fields, including science, engineering, and mathematics. Spatial thinking has been found to be particularly important to early mathematical thinking. In this article, we explore what spatial thinking entails, where it is important in the curriculum, and how we can begin to develop spatial literacy and identify spatial talents in our K-12 classrooms.
Adaptive multi-scale graph fusion for fault diagnosis in concurrent variable conditions and unlabeled data
Authors: Zhou Ziyou , Chen Wenhua
Published: August 2024

Deep learning methods, enhanced by unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) for fault diagnosis, effectively address individual challenges of variable conditions or unlabeled data, yet encounter difficulties when these conditions are concurrent. The separation of feature extraction from domain adaptation in these methods not only creates information silos but also diminishes diagnostic accuracy. This situation is further aggravated by the generation of unreliable pseudo-labels for unlabeled data. This paper introduces a new fault diagnosis method based on adaptive multi-scale graph fusion (AMSGF). Firstly, the method uses multi-scale wavelet-optimized sparse filtering for feature extraction and optimal scale determination through cross-validation. Secondly, it constructs data graphs, refined with maximum mean discrepancy, to strengthen feature associations. Lastly, a classifier is trained on these enhanced features for fault diagnosis. Experiments with electro-hydraulic actuators and bearing dataset show AMSGF’s superiority. It notably enhances diagnostic accuracy in variable conditions with unlabeled data, outperforming current UDA methods.
Navigating Online and in-Person Support: Views and Experiences From Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse
Authors: van Gelder Nicole , Sow Jeyna , van Haalen Ditte , Schoorlemmer Iris , Knol Margreet , Bouwer Eva , Oertelt-Prigione Sabine
Published: August 2024

Various types of in-person and online support are available to women intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) survivors. However, we know little about the interplay between them. We investigated the transitions and interactions between these types of help and how their use can be optimized, using a mixed-methods approach (survey N = 107; interviews N = 18). Significant but weak correlations were found for specific IPVA and support types. No significant correlations were found between online and in-person help types. Almost 60% of survey participants expressed interest in blended care. Integration and optimization of online and blended care options can increase outreach and provide an enhanced, tailored help-seeking and recovery journey.
“These Conversations Shouldn’t be Easy … You’re Going to Have to Shift. It Means Reflection … It Means Change”: Moving Anti-Oppression Beyond Incremental Changes in the GBV Sector
Authors: Rodney Ruth , Forde Anika , Khan Aaliya , Bonilla-Damptey Jessica
Published: August 2024

Little is known about racialized women's work experiences in EDI/AO policy-led Canadian women's organizations in the gender-based violence (GBV) sector. Twenty-three racialized and white GBV workers participated in a critical qualitative study. Five themes emerged illustrating that racialized women workers are experiencing systemic violence through acts of racism and discrimination. The two themes examined in this paper: a culture of silence and shifting the needle forward reveal that the GBV sector is primarily an affirmative space. Creating greater safety for racialized women workers means moving toward transformative approaches that challenge the system's responsibility in creating and supporting anti-oppressive efforts in the elimination of violence.
Sjogren's syndrome due to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): Insights from a single-institution series and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Soliman Abram , Hassan Ruba , Codreanu Ion , Plaxe Steven C , Dasanu Constantin A
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Careful adverse event assessment and management are important when prescribing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to cancer patients. Iatrogenic Sjogren's syndrome is a relatively rare immune-related adverse event (irAEs) that affects the moisture-producing glands.

Methods

We describe a series of four patients who developed Sjogren's syndrome while being treated with ICIs at a community cancer center in Southern California, USA (1/1/2017–12/31/2023). Patient, drug and disease-related data were collected by retrospective chart review. A systematic search of the PubMed database was performed to identify similar cases in the literature (1/1/2016–12/31//2023).

Results

Of 224 cancer patients at our center treated with ICIs, four (1.8%) developed iatrogenic Sjogren's syndrome. All of our patients were male; three received PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and one received the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab. The median time to development of Sjogren's syndrome was 24 weeks (range, 8–36 weeks); dry mouth symptoms were more prominent than dry eye symptoms. None of the patients had elevated SS-A, SS-B or antinuclear antibodies. One patient developed multiple tooth cavities and had several extractions, due to severe xerostomia. Management of all patients was primarily symptomatic. Two cases were irreversible; one was reversible and the 4th case is undermined as he is still on ICI therapy. Our systematic review of the literature identified 80 cases in five articles. Incidence of xerostomia was twice of that of xerophthalmia. The male/female ratio was 1.5:1. SS-A, SS-B, or antinuclear antibodies were found in only 9% of patients. Steroids were reported to have had only a limited role in management.

Conclusions

The incidence of Sjogren's syndrome due to ICIs in our center was 1.8%. Details of clinical course and management in these patients are presented. Caring for patients with ICI-related Sjogren's syndrome is facilitated by a multidisciplinary effort including oncologists, otolaryngologists, dentists, ophthalmologists and rheumatologists. Expanding the knowledge base pertaining to iatrogenic Sjogren's syndrome in patients on ICIs will be helpful in promoting early detection and treatment, and improving outcomes.
Comparative study on tribological performance of four and six recessed hybrid spherical thrust bearing operating with ER lubricant
Authors: Agrawal Nitin , Sharma Satish C.
Published: August 2024

This paper concerns with the analysis of a multi-recessed hybrid spherical thrust bearing (MHSTB) system operating with (electrorheological) ER lubrication, employing finite element method. A continuous Bingham model represents the behaviour of ER lubricant, and the equations governing the system are solved iteratively using Galerkin's discretization. The present work undertaken is aimed at studying the performance behaviour of an MHSTB system concerning various values of applied electric field and axial eccentricity ratio ([Formula: see text]). A significant change in performance is witnessed upon changing the value of the applied electric field and axial eccentricity ratio. The influence of the number of pockets (four and six pocket) in MHSTB for the identical bearing geometrical and running parameters has been studied. The numerical simulation results reveals that six pocket MHSTB system provides greater value of fluid film reaction as compared to four pocket MHSTB system. Further, the damping capability of Four pocket MHSTB configuration is better than six pocket MHSTB configuration. Moreover, the use of ER lubricant ([Formula: see text]volt) improves the value of fluid film reaction and damping coefficient for both the bearing configuration as compared to Newtonian lubrication ([Formula: see text]volt).
Institutionalized anti-anti-Semitism in Germany and its aporias
Authors: Friese Heidrun
Published: August 2024

The article engages with institutionalized German anti-anti-Semitism in recent debates about the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict. To elucidate Germany's raison d’état, current silencing of political dissent and drawing on Stuart Hall's notion of “conjuncture,” the first step is to sketch the dynamics of memory politics after the Holocaust: the silence of the postwar period, the student movement's struggle against bystanders and perpetrators, subsequent debates of representation, memorialization, trauma and finally the provincialization and nascent globalized memory ( Conjunctures and the Politics of Memory). Articulating the aporias of current German (memory) politics between history and event, historical antecedents and singularity, particularity and universalism, in a second step the tensions between German raison d'état, anti-anti-Semitism and postcolonial perspectives are addressed that delimit the frameworks of negotiating anti-Semitism in the public sphere ( Conjunctures and Aporias). In this sense, the remarks contribute to the critical debate on anti-anti-Semitism.