bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the persuasiveness of human and ChatGPT generated pro-vaccine messages for HPV
Authors: Xia Dengke , Song Mengyao , Zhu Tingshao
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Public health messaging is crucial for promoting beneficial health outcomes, and the latest advancements in artificial intelligence offer new opportunities in this field. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ChatGPT-4 in generating pro-vaccine messages on different topics for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination.

Methods

In this study (N = 60), we examined the persuasive effect of pro-vaccine messages generated by GPT-4 and humans, which were constructed based on 17 factors impacting HPV vaccination. Paired-samples t-tests were used to compare the persuasiveness of these messages.

Results

GPT-generated messages were reported as more persuasive than human-generated messages on some influencing factors (e.g., untoward effect, stigmatized perception). Human-generated messages performed better on the message regarding convenience of vaccination.

Discussion

This study provides evidence for the viability of ChatGPT, in generating persuasive pro-vaccine messages to influence people’s vaccine attitudes. It is indicated that the feasibility and efficiency of using AI for public health communication.
Hantavirus antibody seroprevalence and risk factors among adults in West Kazakhstan, 2023
Authors: Gubareva Ulyana , Horth Roberta , Nabirova Dilyara , Tukhanova Nur , Utegenova Elmira , Shapiyeva Zhanna , Turliyev Zangar , Tleumbetova Nazym , Maykanov Nurbek , Smagul Manar , Landay Alan L. , Cloherty Gavin , Averhoff Francisco , Maes Edmond F.
Published: January 2025

Background

Orthohantaviruses (also known as hantaviruses) are pathogens, primarily transmitted by rodents, that can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). In endemic regions of Kazakhstan, no confirmed HFRS cases were detected between 2020 and 2022 raising concerns about detection. Estimate antibody seroprevalence for hantaviruses and identify associated risk factors among high-risk adults in western Kazakhstan in 2023.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, adults were randomly sampled from public clinic registries in 14 villages in West Kazakhstan during June–July 2023. We interviewed 921 participants and collected serum samples which were tested for presence of hantavirus specific IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, and residential risk-factor data were self-reported. We assessed factors associated with seropositivity using multivariable Poisson regression, adjusting for key variables such as age and gender.

Results

Among 921 participants, 63.0% were female, median age was 53 years, 72.0% resided in single houses and 38.0% reported encounters with rodents. Among 921 participants we found 3.1% (n = 28) hantavirus seroprevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1–4.3). No seropositive participants had prior hospitalization or symptoms consistent with hantavirus. Three seronegative participants had previous hospitalization for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Over one-third (38%) of participants encountered rodents or droppings in the past year in their homes or workplaces. Higher seroprevalence was found among office occupational workers than unemployed people (prevalence ratio [PR]:7.3, 95%CI: 1.3–53.5), and among those who lived near ponds than those who did not (PR:11.5, 95%CI: 1.6–54.7).

Conclusion

Overall, the seroprevalence was low, but indicated some risk of infection among the adult population. Our results highlight potential occupational and residential risk factors for hantavirus infection in West Kazakhstan. Relevant public health interventions should include educating the population about promoting preventive practices, workplace hygiene, rodent control measures, and enhanced case diagnosis and management.
Development of a Small-Working-Volume Plunger Hydraulic Pump with Improved Performance Characteristics
Authors: Beskopylny Alexey N. , Medvedev Denis , Grishchenko Vyacheslav , Ivliev Evgeniy
Published: January 2025

Current trends in the development of technology are linked inextricably to the increasing level of automation in technological processes and production systems. In this regard, the development of systems for supplying working fluids with adjustable pumps that have high performance characteristics, an increased service life and low operating costs is an important scientific and technical task. A primary challenge in the development of such systems lies in achieving low fluid flow rates while maintaining stable operating characteristics. This challenge stems from the fact that currently available controlled hydraulic pumps exhibit either a high cost or suboptimal life and efficiency parameters. This work focuses on the development of a plunger hydraulic pump with a small working volume. A mathematical model has been developed to investigate the characteristics, optimize the design of this pump and further expand the size range of such pumps. The solution was implemented on a computer using the dynamic modelling environment MATLAB/Simulink. In order to verify the mathematical model’s adequacy, a plunger pump prototype was built and integrated with a test bench featuring a measurement system. The test results showed higher pump efficiency and a significant reduction in hydraulic losses. An analysis of the obtained data shows that the pump is characterized by increased efficiency due to optimal flow distribution and reduced internal leakage, which makes it promising for use in hydraulic systems requiring improved operating characteristics. The developed pump has more rational characteristics compared to existing alternatives for use in water supply systems for induction superheaters. The experimental external characteristics of the developed pump are 10% higher than the external characteristics of the ULKA EX5 pump selected as an analogue, and the pressure characteristics are 65% higher. It offers production costs that are several times lower compared to existing cam-type plunger or diaphragm pumps with oil sumps and precision valve mechanisms. Additionally, it has significantly better operating characteristics and a longer service life compared to vibrating plunger pumps.
On-Farm Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the Determination of Nutrients in Liquid Organic Manures: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Höpker Charlotte , Dittert Klaus , Olfs Hans-Werner
Published: January 2025

Nutrient levels in liquid organic manures (LOM) vary greatly, so it is important to determine the concentrations before field application in order to ensure that fertilisation is tailored to the crop requirements. Precise knowledge of the nutrient content in LOMs is a basic prerequisite for the optimum supply of these nutrients to crops and for avoiding environmental problems caused by over-fertilisation. The constituents of LOMs can be determined on site using various methods. One possibility is near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). This method is already a common procedure for use in the laboratory. This review deals with the suitability of the use of NIRS for the characterisation of LOMs on farm. For on-farm applications, there are many factors such as the ambient temperature or movements and vibrations of the machines which can influence the measurement with the sensors and thus also the measured values. The influencing factors should therefore be taken into account. The reliability of NIRS systems for the on-farm analysis of liquid manure is verified by the German Agricultural Society. For the tests, various LOMs from different farms are measured with NIRS sensors and the quality of the agreement of the NIRS data with laboratory tests is certified for the respective ingredients for each LOM type. In order to exploit the full potential of the NIRS technology in the future, the indispensable calibrations need to be expanded and improved so that the sensors deliver precise and reproducible results for the different LOM types in practical applications.
Agronomic Performance of European Pear Cultivars in Different Training Systems in the Highland Region of Southern Brazil
Authors: Dias Alex Felix , Baldissera Sabrina , Ramos Luz Alberto , Ferreira Augusto Schütz , Machado Bruno Dalazen , Pirolli Bruno , de Andrade Júnior Renaldo Borges , Ribeiro Joel de Castro , Rufato Daiana Petry , Kretzschmar Aike Anneliese , Bogo Amauri , Rufato Leo
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the vegetative, productive, and fruit quality parameters of the European pear cultivars ‘Rocha’ and ‘Santa Maria’ under the training systems of Tall Spindle, with branches bent at an angle of 45° (Tall Spindle—45°) and 90° (Tall Spindle—90°) to the leader, and Bi-axis. The evaluation was conducted over the 2016/2017 to 2022/2023 growing seasons in the highland region of southern Brazil. Both Tall Spindle systems significantly improved the yield and productive efficiency compared to the Bi-axis system, with ‘Santa Maria’ showing superior performance under Tall Spindle—90°. While ‘Rocha’ exhibited no significant differences between Tall Spindle systems, it benefited from better vigor control and reduced biennial bearing when trained under the Bi-axis system. Fruit quality parameters were consistent across training systems, indicating Tall Spindle—90° as an optimal choice for productivity and stability in ‘Santa Maria’. These results emphasize the adaptability and efficiency of training systems for pear orchard management.
Non-Thermal Plasma-Activated Water Enhances Nursery Production of Vegetables: A Species-Specific Study
Authors: Locatelli Silvia , Triolone Stefano , De Bonis Marina , Zanin Giampaolo , Nicoletto Carlo
Published: January 2025

Non-thermal plasma technology (NTP) has found widespread applications across several fields, including agriculture. Researchers have explored the use of NTP to improve plant growth and increase agricultural product quality using plasma-activated water (PAW). This technology has shown potential benefits in boosting seed germination, promoting plant growth, as an effective defense against plant pathogens, and increasing systemic plant resistance. An experiment was set up over three different cultivation cycles to investigate the benefits of PAW administration on nursery production. Plasma-activated water was generated using two NTP intensities (PAW-HI = 600 mV; PAW-LI = 450 mV; CTR = tap water control) and manually applied to plants under greenhouse conditions. The species considered in the current study were tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia). The following morphological traits were measured at the end of each cycle and for each species: plant height (PH, cm), collar diameter (CD, mm), biomass (g), nutritional status (SPAD index), dry matter (DM, %), and chemical composition. The sturdiness index (SI) was determined by the PH-to-CD ratio. Results indicated a species-specific response to both PAW treatments compared to CTR. The plant height significantly increased in tomato (+11.9%) and cabbage (+5%) under PAW-HI treatment. In contrast, PAW-HI treatment negatively affected the PH in lettuce and basil (−18% and −9%, respectively). Swiss chard showed no significant response to either PAW-LI or PAW-HI treatments. Regarding DM, no significant differences were observed between the PAW treatments and CTR. However, an increase in total N content was detected in plant tissues across all species, except for basil, where no change was observed. The results suggest that PAW treatment has the potential to enhance vegetable nursery production, with species-specific responses observed in crops.
Supplementation with Complex Phytonutrients Enhances Rumen Barrier Function and Growth Performance of Lambs by Regulating Rumen Microbiome and Metabolome
Authors: Du Juan , Wang Yuan , Su Shaohui , Wang Wenwen , Guo Tao , Hu Yuchao , Yin Na , An Xiaoping , Qi Jingwei , Xu Xuan
Published: January 2025

Complex phytonutrients (CPS) have attracted extensive interest due to their anti-inflammatory effects. This investigation focused on the impact of CPS on rumen health in lambs on high-concentrate diets, emphasizing growth performance, ruminal fermentation, epithelial barrier integrity, ruminal metabolism, and microbial communities. A total of 54 lambs, 3 months old and with a 30.42 ± 0.54 kg body weight, were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, with six replicates per treatment and three lambs per replicate. The lambs received a basal diet (the ratio of concentrate to forage was 75:25) without CPS supplementation (CON) or with the inclusion of 2.5 g/kg (CPS2.5) or 5.0 g/kg CPS (CPS5.0) for a total of 60 days. The CPS groups exhibited increased growth performance and improved rumen fermentation parameters. Mechanistically, CPS enhanced rumen epithelial barrier function, thereby lowering inflammation and inhibiting the overactivation of the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and the effect of CPS5.0 was better than that of CPS2.5. Notably, CPS5.0 could optimize the composition of rumen microbiota and increase the levels of Ursolic acid and other metabolites. The strong associations between rumen bacteria and health-related indicators and differential metabolites were further highlighted. Our findings suggest that adding CPS to lambs’ diets has widespread positive impacts, including improved growth performance, reduced inflammation and mRNA relative expression of apoptosis-related genes, enhanced barrier function, and beneficial changes in the rumen microbiome and metabolite profiles.
Research on Integrated Control Strategy for Highway Merging Bottlenecks Based on Collaborative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Du Juan , Yu Anshuang , Zhou Hao , Jiang Qianli , Bai Xueying
Published: January 2025

The merging behavior of vehicles at entry ramps and the speed differences between ramps and mainline traffic cause merging traffic bottlenecks. Current research, primarily focusing on single traffic control strategies, fails to achieve the desired outcomes. To address this issue, this paper explores an integrated control strategy combining Variable Speed Limits (VSL) and Lane Change Control (LCC) to optimize traffic efficiency in ramp merging areas. For scenarios involving multiple ramp merges, a multi-agent reinforcement learning approach is introduced to optimize control strategies in these areas. An integrated control system based on the Factored Multi-Agent Centralized Policy Gradients (FACMAC) algorithm is developed. By transforming the control framework into a Decentralized Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (Dec-POMDP), state and action spaces for heterogeneous agents are designed. These agents dynamically adjust control strategies and control area lengths based on real-time traffic conditions, adapting to the changing traffic environment. The proposed Factored Multi-Agent Centralized Policy Gradients for Integrated Traffic Control in Dynamic Areas (FM-ITC-Darea) control strategy is simulated and tested on a multi-ramp scenario built on a multi-lane Cell Transmission Model (CTM) simulation platform. Comparisons are made with no control and Factored Multi-Agent Centralized Policy Gradients for Integrated Traffic Control (FM-ITC) strategies, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed integrated control strategy in alleviating highway ramp merging bottlenecks.
Neuromuscular Excitation Pattern in Expert Indoor Skydivers
Authors: Rampichini Susanna , Limonta Eloisa , Di Giulio Irene , Borrelli Marta , Cè Emiliano , Coratella Giuseppe , Padulo Johnny , Longo Stefano , Esposito Fabio
Published: January 2025

The evolution of indoor skydiving from military origins to a globally recreational pursuit has attracted individuals without prior specific training, exposing them to the heightened risk of muscle–joint injuries associated with indoor skydiving. This study aims to assess the muscular excitation patterns in highly skilled instructors to determine the optimal activation strategies for preventing musculoskeletal injuries. Nine expert indoor skydiving instructors (M/F: 8/1; age 31 ± 7 years; body mass: 70.5 ± 11.1 kg; stature: 1.74 ± 0.09 m) were enrolled. The surface electromyographic signal was recorded on the anterior deltoid, AD; posterior deltoid, PD; pectoralis major, PM; latissimus dorsi, LD; rectus abdominis, Rabd; erector spinae, ES; rectus femoris, RF; and biceps femoris, BF for each position: PRONE, SUPINE, SIT, and head-down (HD). A synchronous heart rate was recorded to assess the cardiac engagement. The neuromuscular load (NeLo), representative of the excitation amplitude of a muscle set, was determined for each position across different body regions. PRONE and SUPINE were the least demanding in terms of cardiac engagement (67 ± 6 and 85 ± 8 bpm, respectively) and exhibited the lowest neuromuscular excitation (24 ± 10 and 24 ± 8% Max, respectively). By contrast, HD exhibited the highest cardiac (127 + 18 bpm) and neuromuscular (71 + 11% Max) engagement and particularly in the lower-trunk and lower-limbs muscles. SIT predominantly engaged upper-trunk and shoulder muscles. The findings indicate the significant engagement of the musculature surrounding the shoulder joint and that responsible for lower-trunk stabilization in maintaining the investigated positions. A targeted training regimen on strengthening these muscles is advised before practicing indoor skydiving to prevent shoulder joint injuries or lower back muscle overloads.
Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw and Processed Milk: A Contribution to Human Exposure Assessment After 12 Years of Investigation
Authors: Summa Simona , Lo Magro Sonia , Vita Valeria , Franchino Cinzia , Scopece Valentina , D’Antini Pasqualino , Iammarino Marco , De Pace Rita , Muscarella Marilena
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to estimate the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in raw milk and processed milk (pasteurized or UHT) collected from two regions in Italy (Puglia and Basilicata) during a 12-year period: 2012–2023. A total of 1017 milk samples were analyzed first proceeding with screening analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and suspected non-compliant samples (AFM1 concentration higher than 0.042 µg/kg) were then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatographic with fluorimetric detection (HPLC/FLD) confirmation method. AFM1 concentration ≥ 0.005 µg/kg (ELISA limit of quantitation) was detected in 553 of the 1017 milk samples (54.4%). AFM1 levels exceeding the European Union maximum limit (ML) of 0.050 µg/kg were detected in 70 samples, 49 of which were determined as non-compliant samples (4.8%). Particularly high concentrations of AFM1, exceeding 200 µg/kg, were found in four samples, three raw milk and one pasteurized. Regarding this risk exposure study, only the MOE values obtained under “high exposure scenario” were lower than 10,000, while those calculated from the overall mean values resulted as not of concern.
Metabolomics-Driven Insights into Biomarkers for Poor Ovarian Response: A Narrative Review
Authors: Potiris Anastasios , Stavros Sofoklis , Alyfanti Eleni , Machairiotis Nikolaos , Drakaki Eirini , Zikopoulos Athanasios , Moustakli Efthalia , Skentou Charikleia , Drakakis Peter , Domali Ekaterini
Published: January 2025

Poor ovarian response (POR) remains a significant challenge in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART), as the quantity and quality of oocytes retrieved directly influence embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates. Metabolomics has become a valuable tool for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and POR. This review aims to synthesize findings from metabolomic studies examining metabolite expression patterns in serum and follicular fluid samples from women with POR. A literature search was performed using the Medline/PubMed and Scopus databases, employing keywords related to metabolomics and POR. In total, nine studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. These studies identified several metabolites with differential expression in serum and follicular fluid samples between women with normal ovarian response and those with POR. Although the metabolomic profiles varied significantly among studies, consistent alterations in prostaglandin related metabolites were observed in two of the nine studies reviewed. These findings suggest that, pending further validation, these metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers for ovarian response. Metabolomics has significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ovarian function and holds promise for identifying effective biomarkers that could improve the prediction and management of POR.
Influence of Mesalazine on Ferroptosis-Related Gene Expression in In Vitro Colorectal Cancer Culture
Authors: Słoka Joanna , Strzałka-Mrozik Barbara , Kubica Sebastian , Nowak Ilona , Kruszniewska-Rajs Celina
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common oncological disorders. Its fundamental treatments include surgery and chemotherapy, predominantly utilizing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Despite medical advances, CRC continues to present a high risk of recurrence, metastasis and low survival rates. Consequently, significant emphasis has been directed towards exploring novel types of cell death, particularly ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is characterized by iron imbalance and the accumulation of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cellular damage and death. Thus, the discovery of safe inducers of ferroptosis, offering new hope in the struggle against CRC, remains crucial. In this study, we applied the concept of drug repositioning, selecting mesalazine (MES), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), for investigation. Methods: The study was conducted on the colon cancer cell line DLD-1 and normal intestinal epithelial cells from the CCD 841 CoN cell line. Both cell lines were treated with MES solutions at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mM. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay, while ferroptosis-related gene expression analysis was performed using oligonucleotide microarrays, with RT-qPCR used for validation. Results: MES effectively reduces the viability of DLD-1 cells while minimally affecting normal intestinal cells. Subsequent oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed that MES significantly alters the expression of 56 genes associated with ferroptosis. Conclusions: Our results suggest that MES may induce ferroptosis in CRC, providing a foundation for further research in this area.
Empirical Data-Driven Linear Model of a Swimming Robot Using the Complex Delay-Embedding DMD Technique
Authors: Sayahkarajy Mostafa , Witte Hartmut
Published: January 2025

Anguilliform locomotion, an efficient aquatic locomotion mode where the whole body is engaged in fluid–body interaction, contains sophisticated physics. We hypothesized that data-driven modeling techniques may extract models or patterns of the swimmers’ dynamics without implicitly measuring the hydrodynamic variables. This work proposes empirical kinematic control and data-driven modeling of a soft swimming robot. The robot comprises six serially connected segments that can individually bend with the segmental pneumatic artificial muscles. Kinematic equations and relations are proposed to measure the desired actuation to mimic anguilliform locomotion kinematics. The robot was tested experimentally and the position and velocities of spatially digitized points were collected using QualiSys® Tracking Manager (QTM) 1.6.0.1. The collected data were analyzed offline, proposing a new complex variable delay-embedding dynamic mode decomposition (CDE DMD) algorithm that combines complex state filtering and time embedding to extract a linear approximate model. While the experimental results exhibited exotic curves in phase plane and time series, the analysis results showed that the proposed algorithm extracts linear and chaotic modes contributing to the data. It is concluded that the robot dynamics can be described by the linearized model interrupted by chaotic modes. The technique successfully extracts coherent modes from limited measurements and linearizes the system dynamics.
MOX Nanosensors to Detect Colorectal Cancer Relapses from Patient’s Blood at Three Years Follow-Up, and Gender Correlation
Authors: Astolfi Michele , Zonta Giulia , Malagù Cesare , Anania Gabriele , Rispoli Giorgio
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer represents 10% of all the annual tumors diagnosed worldwide, being often not timely diagnosed, because its symptoms are typically lacking or very mild. Therefore, it is crucial to develop and validate innovative low-invasive techniques to detect it before becoming intractable. To this aim, a device equipped with nanostructured gas sensors has been employed to detect the airborne molecules of blood samples collected from healthy subjects, and from colorectal cancer affected patients at different stages of their pre- and post-surgery therapeutic path. Data was scrutinized by using statistical standard techniques to highlight their statistical differences, and through principal component analysis and support vector machine to classify them. The device was able to readily distinguish between the pre-surgery blood samples (i.e., taken when the patient had cancer), and the ones up to three years post-surgery (i.e., following the tumor removal) or the ones from healthy subjects. Finally, the correlation of the sensor responses with the patient/healthy subject’s gender was investigated, resulting negligible. These results pave the path toward a clinical validation of this device to monitor the patient’s health status by detecting possible relapses, to parallel to clinical follow-up protocols.
A Pilot Proteomic Analysis of Huntington’s Disease by Functional Capacity
Authors: McGarry Andrew , Moaddel Ruin
Published: January 2025

Background: The molecular biology of Huntington’s Disease (HD) has grown substantially, with pathological considerations extending to genetic modifiers, epigenetic changes, transcriptomics, the proteome, and the metabolome. The metabolome and proteome are especially intriguing in that they most directly reflect the functional state of the cellular environment, which may involve some combination of pathology as well as compensation. Methods: We assessed CSF proteomics from eight participants by their functional severity (TFC range 3–13), with 47 proteins having a minimum r-value of 0.7 and nominal p-values < 0.05. Results: Our exploratory data reveal correlations between progression and several processes including inflammation, ECM homeostasis and NAD+ metabolism. Conclusions: Consistently identified targets that correlate with phenotype or progression may have value, if validated, as enrichment tools in clinical trials and potentially as markers of therapeutic response.
Relationship Between Sedentary Lifestyle, Physical Activity and Stress in University Students and Their Life Habits: A Scoping Review with PRISMA Checklist (PRISMA-ScR)
Authors: Guerriero Mariasole Antonietta , Dipace Anna , Monda Antonietta , De Maria Antonella , Polito Rita , Messina Giovanni , Monda Marcellino , di Padova Marilena , Basta Angelo , Ruberto Maria , Capasso Emanuele , Moscatelli Fiorenzo , Limone Pierpaolo
Published: January 2025

The global prevalence of sedentary lifestyles and the associated health risks, such as cardiovascular, metabolic and mental issues, is an epidemic worldwide problem, particularly in the university population. Background/Objectives: University students are particularly vulnerable because of academic pressure and lifestyle changes. Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity in reducing mental stress and improving physical and mental well-being, the literature lacks effective interventions and standardized protocols for this population. This study aims to investigate the state of the art in literature regarding the correlation between the use of physical activity as a means of prevention and intervention and the effects on university students’ stress and mental well-being. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA protocol for scoping reviews, targeting university population with specific terms. Results: The review analyzed 61 articles and identified a consistent positive correlation between physical activity and stress reduction. Interventions included yoga, tai chi, aerobic exercise and moderate- or high-intensity exercise. A lack of standardized protocols were also evident. Conclusions: Physical activity is an effective means for managing stress and improving mental well-being among university students. An integrated approach combining different forms of exercise and strategies to regulate emotions could provide very effective effects on the mental well-being of students. Universities should propose physical activity programs in several forms to enable students to choose the most appropriate one and keep them active.
Unveiling the Influencing Factors of the Residual Life of Historical Buildings: A Study of the Wuhan Lutheran Missions Home and Agency Building
Authors: Huang Bo , Liu Xueqi , Liu Lanjun , Li Zhiyong , Wu Zhifeng , Huang Bin , Jia Zimo
Published: January 2025

The development of a city needs the accumulation of culture, and historical buildings are the most direct witness of the rise and fall of a city. Like the human body, historical buildings have a certain life cycle, but the acceleration of urbanization and unreasonable use cause an irreversible reduction in the remaining life of historical buildings. There is a notable lack of quantitative analysis regarding the residual life of historical buildings. Therefore, identifying the factors that influence their residual life is crucial for both preserving these buildings and sustaining urban culture. In order to obtain a more accurate correlation degree of influencing factors, a systematic-analysis model of influencing factors on the residual life of historical buildings based on the entropy weight method (EWM) and the grey relation analysis method (GRA) was established, so as to excavate the mechanism of the influencing factors on the residual life of historical buildings, accurately identify the main influencing factors on the residual life of historical buildings, and propose preventive measures. The results show that the structural system has the greatest influence on the residual life of historical buildings, followed by the enclosure system, and the equipment system. The research findings offer valuable insights for extending the residual life of historical buildings in the future.
Preparation and Optoelectrical Property of Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Film via Slot Die Coating
Authors: Shan Jiaqi , Hong Ye , Wang Haoyu , Cui Kaixuan , Ding Jianbao , Guo Xingzhong
Published: January 2025

Silver nanowire transparent conductive films (AgNW TCFs), as the novel transparent electrode materials replacing ITO, are anticipated to be applied in numerous optoelectronic devices, and slot-die coating is currently acknowledged as the most suitable method for the mass production of large-sized AgNW TCFs. In this study, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as film-forming aids, and AgNWs, as conductive materials, were utilized to prepare a specialized AgNW ink, and a slot-die coating is employed to print and prepare AgNW TCFs. The optoelectrical properties of AgNW TCFs are optimized by adjusting the compositions of AgNW ink and the process parameters of slot-die coating. The suitable compositions of AgNW ink and the optimal parameters of slot-die coating are a CMC type of V, a PVA volume of 1 mL, a AgNW volume of 1.5 mL, a volume ratio of 30 and 45 nm AgNWs (2:1), and a coating height of 400 μm. The resultant AgNW TCFs achieve excellent comprehensive optoelectronic performance, with a sheet resistance of less than 50 Ω/sq, a visible light transmittance exceeding 92%, and a haze below 1.8%. This research provides a valuable approach to producing AgNW TCFs on a large scale via the slot-die coating.
Bayesian Inference of Human-Made Hazards in Networks of Island Wetlands: The Case of the Aegean Archipelago
Authors: Gaganis Cleo M. , Troumbis Andreas Y.
Published: January 2025

This research aims to provide guidelines using probabilistic methods to understand better the dominant characteristics of the 824 under-pressure wetlands on 75 islands within Greece and to inform future conservation efforts. Identifying the characteristics and types of anthropogenic pressures is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies. The study employs power-law modeling to validate the natural size distribution of wetlands, naïve Bayesian inference to model human impacts, and the epsilon statistic to assess wetland sensitivity to specific pressures, addressing potential sampling biases. Power-law modeling reveals a natural heavy-tailed distribution of wetland sizes, highlighting the ecological significance of larger, rarer systems. Naïve Bayesian inference indicates that agriculture and transportation are the predominant pressures affecting natural coastal wetlands. The epsilon statistic further differentiates wetland sensitivity, identifying estuaries, lagoons, and marshes as particularly vulnerable. By profiling the most vulnerable wetlands using these methods, the research provides a framework for assessing anthropogenic impacts and informing targeted conservation and management strategies to protect these vital ecosystems.
Frequency and Predictors of Pneumonia After Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): A Single-Center Study
Authors: Baris Ozgur , Onyilmaz Tugba Asli , Kaya Huseyin
Published: January 2025

Background: CABG is a commonly performed procedure to improve survival and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. Despite advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care, postoperative pneumonia remains a serious complication contributing to increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of postoperative pneumonia (POP) and identify its risk factors in patients undergoing isolated CABG. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 430 patients who underwent CABG between 2019 and 2024. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, surgical details and laboratory data were collected. Statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify significant predictors of pneumonia. Results: The incidence of POP after CABG was 10% (43/430). In patients with POP, diabetes mellitus (p = 0.03) and chronic kidney disease (p = 0.048) prevalence was higher, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (p = 0.01) and cross-clamp time (p = 0.003) was longer, LDH levels (p = 0.017) were higher, hemoglobin (p = 0.012) and albumin (p = 0.015) levels were lower, and lymphocyte % (p = 0.04) was lower; prevalence of COPD and length of stay (LOS) in hospital tended to be higher (both p < 0.06). Multivariate binary logistic regression identified COPD (OR 4.383, 95% CI: 1.106–17.363, p = 0.035), CPB time (OR 1.013, 95% CI: 1.001–1.025, p = 0.030) and LOS (OR 1.052, 95% CI: 1.004–1.103, p = 0.035) as independent predictors of POP. Conclusions: Postoperative pneumonia is a common complication after CABG and is strongly associated with preoperative COPD, CPB time and length of stay in hospital. These findings underline the importance of preoperative risk assessment and optimization. Early identification of high-risk patients may allow targeted strategies such as enhanced respiratory support and prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the incidence of pneumonia and improve clinical outcomes.
A Review of Needle Navigation Technologies in Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgeries—Toward a More Effective and Easy-to-Apply Process
Authors: Steeg Katharina , Krombach Gabriele Anja , Friebe Michael Horst
Published: January 2025

Background: This review evaluates needle navigation technologies in minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery (MICS), identifying their strengths and limitations and the requirements for an ideal needle navigation system that features optimal guidance and easy adoption in clinical practice. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and IEEE databases up until June 2024 identified original studies on needle navigation in MICS. Eligible studies were those published within the past decade and that performed MICS requiring needle navigation technologies in adult patients. Animal studies, case reports, clinical trials, or laboratory experiments were excluded to focus on actively deployed techniques in clinical practice. Extracted data included the study year, modalities used, procedures performed, and the reported strengths and limitations, from which the requirements for an optimal needle navigation system were derived. Results: Of 36 eligible articles, 21 used ultrasound (US) for real-time imaging despite depth and needle visibility challenges. Computer tomography (CT)-guided fluoroscopy, cited in 19 articles, enhanced deep structure visualization but involved radiation risks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), though excellent for soft-tissue contrast, was not used due to metallic tool incompatibility. Multimodal techniques, like US–fluoroscopy fusion, improved accuracy but added cost and workflow complexity. No single technology meets all the criteria for an ideal needle navigation system, which should combine real-time imaging, 3D spatial awareness, and tissue integrity feedback while being cost-effective and easily integrated into existing workflows. Conclusions: This review derived the criteria and obstacles an ideal needle navigation system must address before its clinical adoption, along with novel technological approaches that show potential to overcome those challenges. For instance, fusion technologies overlay information from multiple visual approaches within a single interface to overcome individual limitations. Additionally, emerging diagnostic methods like vibroacoustic sensing or optical fiber needles offer information from complementary sensory channels, augmenting visual approaches with insights into tissue integrity and structure, thereby paving the way for enhanced needle navigation systems in MICS.
Relationship Between the Salivary Microbiome and Oral Malodor Metabolites in Older Thai Individuals with Periodontitis and the Cytotoxic Effects of Malodor Compounds on Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma (HSC-4) Cells
Authors: Srila Witsanu , Sripilai Kritsana , Binlateh Thunwa , Thammanichanon Peungchaleoy , Tiskratok Watcharaphol , Noisa Parinya , Jitprasertwong Paiboon
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Halitosis is primarily caused by the activity of oral microorganisms. In this study, we employed metagenomic sequencing and metabolomic approaches to investigate the differences in salivary microbiota and metabolite profiles between individuals with halitosis and periodontitis and healthy controls. Additionally, we expanded the study to examine how oral malodorous compounds interact with human oral squamous carcinoma (HSC-4) cells. Methods: Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) to identify metabolites. We then assessed the correlations between the microbiota and metabolites. Furthermore, the impact of oral malodorous substances on HSC-4 cells was investigated by evaluating apoptosis, antioxidant activity, and inflammatory properties. Results: The microbiota and metabolite profiles showed significant differences between the halitosis with periodontitis group and the periodontally healthy group. The halitosis with periodontitis group exhibited significantly higher relative abundances of eight genera: Tannerella, Selenomonas, Bacteroides, Filifactor, Phocaeicola, Fretibacterium, Eubacterium saphenum, and Desulfobulbus. In contrast, the periodontally healthy group showed significantly higher relative abundances of Family XIII UCG-001, Haemophilus, and Streptobacillus. Two metabolites, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indole and 10,11-dihydro-12R-hydroxy-leukotriene E4, were significantly higher in individuals with halitosis and periodontitis. In the treatment of HSC-4 cells with metabolites, dimethyl sulfide (DMS) did not show significant effects while indole appeared to induce cell death in HSC-4 cells by triggering apoptotic pathways. Additionally, both indole and DMS affected the inflammatory and antioxidant properties of HSC-4 cells. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the mechanisms of halitosis by exploring the correlations between microbiota and metabolite profiles. Furthermore, oral metabolites were shown to impact the cellular response of HSC-4 cells.
Advanced Lasers and Their Applications in Dentistry
Authors: Zhang Olivia Lili , Yin Iris Xiaoxue , Yu Ollie Yiru , Luk Kenneth , Niu John Yun , Chu Chun Hung
Published: January 2025

The development of laser technology has revolutionized dentistry, offering complementary and alternative approaches to traditional techniques. Lasers have been successfully integrated into various dental procedures, enhancing treatment outcomes and patient care. Several types of lasers can increase the acid resistance of enamel, thus preventing caries. Laser fluorescence has been utilized for the pre-operative diagnosis of dental caries, enabling early detection and effective treatment planning. The therapeutic application of lasers in caries treatment aligns with the contemporary philosophy of minimally invasive procedures. Clinicians can use laser Doppler flowmetry as a supplementary tool for pulp vitality testing by detecting pulpal blood flow. Lasers are also employed in various pulp-related interventions, such as managing dentine hypersensitivity and performing root canal therapy. These procedures benefit from the precision and reduced invasiveness provided by laser technology. Furthermore, laser fluorescence serves as an additional tool for subgingival calculus detection. High-power and low-power lasers are used in both nonsurgical and surgical therapies to treat periodontal and peri-implant diseases, oral mucosa conditions, and even cancer based on their specific properties. Lasers are also utilized to accelerate bone regeneration, promote adhesive strength, and remove ceramic brackets. In summary, laser technology has significantly impacted contemporary dentistry by facilitating early diagnosis, minimally invasive treatments, and precise operative procedures, ultimately improving patient outcomes and expanding the scope of dental practice.
Fruit Detection and Yield Mass Estimation from a UAV Based RGB Dense Cloud for an Apple Orchard
Authors: Hobart Marius , Pflanz Michael , Tsoulias Nikos , Weltzien Cornelia , Kopetzky Mia , Schirrmann Michael
Published: January 2025

Precise photogrammetric mapping of preharvest conditions in an apple orchard can help determine the exact position and volume of single apple fruits. This can help estimate upcoming yields and prevent losses through spatially precise cultivation measures. These parameters also are the basis for effective storage management decisions, post-harvest. These spatial orchard characteristics can be determined by low-cost drone technology with a consumer grade red-green-blue (RGB) sensor. Flights were conducted in a specified setting to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the orchard imagery. Two different altitudes of 7.5 m and 10 m were tested to estimate the optimum performance. A multi-seasonal field campaign was conducted on an apple orchard in Brandenburg, Germany. The test site consisted of an area of 0.5 ha with 1334 trees, including the varieties ‘Gala’ and ‘Jonaprince’. Four rows of trees were tested each season, consisting of 14 blocks with eight trees each. Ripe apples were detected by their color and structure from a photogrammetrically created three-dimensional point cloud with an automatic algorithm. The detection included the position, number, volume and mass of apples for all blocks over the orchard. Results show that the identification of ripe apple fruit is possible in RGB point clouds. Model coefficients of determination ranged from 0.41 for data captured at an altitude of 7.5 m for 2018 to 0.40 and 0.53 for data from a 10 m altitude, for 2018 and 2020, respectively. Model performance was weaker for the last captured tree rows because data coverage was lower. The model underestimated the number of apples per block, which is reasonable, as leaves cover some of the fruits. However, a good relationship to the yield mass per block was found when the estimated apple volume per block was combined with a mean apple density per variety. Overall, coefficients of determination of 0.56 (for the 7.5 m altitude flight) and 0.76 (for the 10 m flights) were achieved. Therefore, we conclude that mapping at an altitude of 10 m performs better than 7.5 m, in the context of low-altitude UAV flights for the estimation of ripe apple parameters directly from 3D RGB dense point clouds.
NOMA-Based Rate Optimization for Multi-UAV-Assisted D2D Communication Networks
Authors: Wu Guowei , Chen Guifen , Gu Xinglong
Published: January 2025

With the proliferation of smart devices and the emergence of high-bandwidth applications, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted Device-to-Device (D2D) communications and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technologies are increasingly becoming important means of coping with the scarcity of the spectrum and with high data demand in future wireless networks. However, the efficient coordination of these techniques in complex and changing 3D environments still faces many challenges. To this end, this paper proposes a NOMA-based multi-UAV-assisted D2D communication model in which multiple UAVs are deployed in 3D space to act as airborne base stations to serve ground-based cellular users with D2D clusters. In order to maximize the system throughput, this study constructs an optimization problem of joint channel assignment, trajectory design, and power control, and on the basis of these points, this study proposes a joint dynamic hypergraph Multi-Agent Deep Q Network (DH-MDQN) algorithm. The dynamic hypergraph method is first used to construct dynamic simple edges and hyperedges and to transform them into directed graphs for efficient dynamic coloring to optimize the channel allocation process; subsequently, in terms of trajectory design and power control, the problem is modeled as a multi-agent Markov Decision Process (MDP), and the Multi-Agent Deep Q Network (MDQN) algorithm is used to collaboratively determine the trajectory design and power control of the UAVs. Simulation results show the following: (1) the proposed algorithm can achieve higher system throughput than several other benchmark algorithms with different numbers of D2D clusters, different D2D cluster communication spacing, and different UAV sizes; (2) the proposed algorithm designs UAV trajectory optimization with a 27% improvement in system throughput compared to the 2D trajectory; and (3) in the NOMA scenario, compared to the case of no decoding order constraints, the system throughput shows on average a 34% improvement.