bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 5-Minute Cognitive Assessment for Safe Remote Use in Patients With COVID-19: Clinical Case Series (Preprint)
Authors: Beresford Thomas , Ronan Patrick J , Hipp Daniel
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Early clinical experience during the COVID-19 pandemic has begun to elucidate that the disease can cause brain function changes that may result in compromised cognition both acutely and during variable recovery periods. Reports on cognitive assessment of patients with COVID-19 are often limited to orientation alone. Further assessment may seem to create an inappropriate burden for patients with acute COVID-19, which is characterized by fatigue and confusion, and may also compromise examiner safety.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study were to assess cognition in patients with COVID-19 as comprehensively as possible in a brief format, while observing safety precautions, and to establish a clear face value of the external validity of the assessment.

METHODS

We adapted a brief cognitive assessment, previously applied to liver transplant candidates and medical/surgical inpatients, for remote use in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 treatment. Collecting quality assurance data from telephone-administered assessments, this report presents a series of 6 COVID-19 case vignettes to illustrate the use of this 5-minute assessment in the diagnosis and treatment of brain effects. Primary medical teams referred the cases for neuropsychiatric consultation.

RESULTS

The age of the patients varied over four decades, and none of them were able to engage meaningfully with their surroundings on admission. On follow-up examination 6 to 10 days later, 4 of the 6 patients had recovered working memory, and only 1 had recovered calculation ability. Of the 6 patients, 2 were capable of complex judgment responses, while none of the cases completed frontal executive function testing in the normal range.

CONCLUSIONS

Cognitive assessment in patients with COVID-19 using this remote examination reveals patterns of cognitive recovery that vary among cases and are far more complex than loss of orientation. In this series, testing of specific temporal, parietal, and frontal lobe functions suggests that calculation ability, judgment, and especially frontal executive functions may characterize the effects of COVID-19 on the brain. Used widely and serially, this examination method can potentially inform our understanding of the effects of COVID-19 on the brain and of healing from the virus.
Technology-Based Fall Risk Assessments for Older Adults in Low-Income Settings: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Thiamwong Ladda , Stout Jeffrey R , Park Joon-Hyuk , Yan Xin
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

One-third of older adults have maladaptive fall risk appraisal (FRA), a condition in which there is a discrepancy between the level of fear of falling (FOF) and physiological fall risk (balance performance). Older adults who overestimate their physiological fall risk and report a high FOF are less likely to participate in physical activity. Limited data suggest that the association among FOF, body composition, and physical activity intensity differs by fear severity.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the associations among FRA, body composition, and physical activity using assistive health technology, including the BTrackS balance system, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and activity monitoring devices. This study also aims to examine the feasibility of recruitment and acceptability of technologies and procedures for use among older adults in low-income settings.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study will be conducted in older adults’ homes or apartments in low-income settings in Central Florida, United States. Following consent, participants will be contacted, and our team will visit them twice. The first visit includes questionnaire completion (eg, sociodemographic or FOF) and balance performance test using the BTrackS balance system. The participants will be stratified by the FRA matrix. In addition, they will perform hand grip strength and dynamic balance performance tests. Participants will then be asked to wear the ActiGraph GT9X Link wireless activity monitor on the nondominant wrist for 7 consecutive days. The second visit includes body composition testing and a structured interview about the acceptability of the technologies and procedures.

RESULTS

Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board of the University of Central Florida (protocol number 2189; September 10, 2020). As of December 2020, participation enrollment is ongoing and the results are expected to be published in Summer 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

Accurate FRA is essential for implementing physical activity programs, especially in older adults with low income. This study will provide data for developing technology-based fall risk assessments to improve participation in physical activity, thus enhancing healthy longevity among older adults in low-income settings.

CLINICALTRIAL

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/27381
Impact of SMS Text Messaging Reminders on Helmet Use Among Motorcycle Drivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Campbell Benjamin , Heitner Jesse , Amos Mwelelo Peter , Fogel Alexis , Mujumdar Vaidehi , Adams Lisa V , Boniface Respicious , Su Yanfang
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Road traffic injury is a pressing public health issue in Tanzania. Increasing helmet use among motorcycle drivers can help reduce the burden due to road traffic injuries in the country. Helmet adherence can be supported through mobile health interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to evaluate the comparative impact of two different types of SMS text messaging reminders on motorcycle helmet use.

METHODS

Participants were 391 commercial motorcycle taxi drivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants were randomized into three groups, each receiving a different set of messages: (1) social norming messages aimed at emphasizing society’s positive stance on helmet wearing, (2) fear appeal messages that emphasized the dangers of riding without a helmet, and (3) control group messages, which included basic road safety messages unrelated to helmet use. Every participant received the control messages. Adherence to helmet use was evaluated by self-report through surveys conducted at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks.

RESULTS

At 6 weeks, the odds of self-reporting consistent helmet use were estimated to be 1.58 times higher in the social norming group than in the control group (P=.04), though this difference was not significant after accounting for multiple testing. There was little difference between fear appeal and control group recipients (odds ratio 1.03, P=.47). Subgroup analysis suggests that both fear appeal and social norming message types might have been associated with increased helmet use among participants who did not consistently wear helmets at baseline (odds ratio 1.66 and odds ratio 1.84, respectively), but this was not significant (P=.11 and P=.07, respectively). Among those who were consistent wearers at baseline, the social norming messages performed better than the fear appeal messages, and this difference reached traditional significance (P=.03), but was not significant after accounting for multiple testing.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of SMS text messaging reminders may improve helmet use among motorcycle drivers when framed as social norming messages. Given that nearly half of the drivers in our sample did not consistently wear their helmets on every trip, strategies to increase consistent usage could greatly benefit public safety.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02120742; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02120742
Sex Disparity in Deceased-Donor Kidney Transplant Access by Cause of Kidney Disease
Authors: Ahearn Patrick , Johansen Kirsten L. , Tan Jane C. , McCulloch Charles E. , Grimes Barbara A. , Ku Elaine
Published: January 2021

Background and objectives

Women with kidney failure have lower access to kidney transplantation compared with men, but the magnitude of this disparity may not be uniform across all kidney diseases. We hypothesized that the attributed cause of kidney failure may modify the magnitude of the disparities in transplant access by sex.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We performed a retrospective cohort study of adults who developed kidney failure between 2005 and 2017 according to the United States Renal Data System. We used adjusted Cox models to examine the association between sex and either access to waitlist registration or deceased-donor kidney transplantation, and tested for interaction between sex and the attributed cause of kidney failure using adjusted models.

Results

Among a total of 1,478,037 patients, 271,111 were registered on the waitlist and 89,574 underwent deceased-donor transplantation. The rate of waitlisting was 6.5 per 100 person-years in women and 8.3 per 100 person-years for men. In adjusted analysis, women had lower access to the waitlist (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.90) and to deceased-donor transplantation after waitlisting (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.94 to 0.98). However, there was an interaction between sex and attributed cause of kidney disease in adjusted models (P<0.001). Women with kidney failure due to type 2 diabetes had 27% lower access to the kidney transplant waitlist (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 0.74) and 11% lower access to deceased-donor transplantation after waitlisting compared with men (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 0.92). In contrast, sex disparities in access to either the waitlist or transplantation were not observed in kidney failure secondary to cystic disease.

Conclusions

The disparity in transplant access by sex is not consistent across all causes of kidney failure. Lower deceased-donor transplantation rates in women compared with men are especially notable among patients with kidney failure attributed to diabetes.
Applying the Assignment Institution in the Pharmaceutical Market: Legislative Lacunae or Unconstitutionality?
Authors: Sarau Dragos Cosmin , Enache Raluca Gabriela , Popoviciu Gabriela-Argentina
Published: January 2021

Romanian Civil Code provides by Article 1566 that the assignment of debt is a way of forwarding a claim the transferor holds against a third party. Therefore, when signing by the parties of the debt assignment contract, the claim goes out of the assignor’s property and is validly entrusted to the transferee (assignee). In this paper, we try to show the effects of the contract which are in accordance with Article 1575 NCC respectively between the parties, from the date of signing of the contract and to the assigned debtor from the date of assignment notification or acceptance. In the pharmacy market, this institution is used to ensure that medicine suppliers secure the value of the products they sell, as they conclude debt assignment contracts with their debtors for passing their claims against Health Insurance Houses.
AN EFFICIENT THREE COMPONENT ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF -1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-4-OXO- 6-(5-SUBSTITUTED 2-PHENYL-1H-INDOL-3-YL)-2-THIOXOPYRIMIDINE-5-CARBONITRILE AS ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
Authors: WALMIK PRABHAKER
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-oxo-6-(5-substituted 2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-thioxopyrimidine-5- carbonitrile derivatives (4a-c).

Methods: The structures of all these unknown compounds have been confirmed with the help of physical and spectral techniques such as IR, 1H, and 13C NMR and mass spectral data and these newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for in-vitro antimicrobial and antitubercular activities.

Results: Screening studies have demonstrated that the newly synthesized compound 4a exhibited promising antimicrobial and antitubercular properties.

Conclusion: The final results revealed that compound 4a exhibited promising antimicrobial and antitubercular properties when compared to the standard drugs.
VALIDATION OF A DEVELOPED ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF NATEGLINIDE AND METFORMIN HCL IN PURE AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ITS DEGRADATION STUDIES
Authors: ISMAIL K.MD , RAO A LAKSHMANA
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop a versatile analytical method and validate according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines for simultaneous estimation of nateglinide and metformin HCl by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in active pharmaceutical ingredient and in tablet dosage form.

Methods: Analytes, metformin and nateglinide, are separated and eluted from stationary phase luna phenyl hexyl column (150 mm ×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) (micrometer) using polar mobile phase composed of acetonitrile:1% orthophosphoric acid 30:70 v/v, with flow rate of 1 ml/min for 8 min at ambient column temperature, at 221 nm (nanometer) detection. Acid, base, peroxide, thermal, and photolytic-induced degradation studies were performed on nateglinide and metformin.

Results: Through isocratic flow, both metformin and nateglinide are detected at retention times of 2.79 min and 5.13 min, respectively, at 221 nm. The linearity and range of analytical method for nateglinide and metformin were 0.61–9.15 μg/ml and 7.5–75.15 μg/ml, respectively. The R2 value for nateglinide was 0.9998 and for metformin HCl was 0.9991. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for nateglinide were 0.21 μg/ml and 0.63 μg/ml and for metformin were 4.8 μg/ml and 14.6 μg/ml, respectively. The % relative standard deviation for method precision was found to be 0.22% and 0.64% for both nateglinide and metformin, respectively. The mean %recovery for nateglinide and metformin was 99.88% and 99.21%, respectively. The %thermal degradation was identified as 17.7% and 17.5% for nateglinide and metformin, respectively.

Conclusion: The developed chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was selective, specific, economic, precise, and accurate. Hence, it can be one of the preferred analytical methods of choice for the estimation of nateglinide and metformin by RP-HPLC in pure and in tablet dosage form.
INVESTIGATION ON PHARMACOGNOSY OF KATHA POWDER AS WELL AS IT’S IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY
Authors: SHARMA PANKAJ
Published: January 2021

Objective: The present study delves into the investigation of quantitative phytochemical in Katha powder, and it is in vitro cytotoxic activity.

Methods: Coarsely dried chips of Acacia catechu heartwood were treated with a 10% hydro-alcoholic solution to obtain Katha as the final product. The powdered Katha was standardized through pharmacognostic parameters. Phytochemical investigations were carried out to screen polyphenols (tannins and flavonoids) of interest which later were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. The cytotoxicity effect of Katha powder on MCF-7, A431, and HepG2 cells was characterized by the trypan blue dye exclusion and MTT colorimetric assays technique. Control assay was carried out for samples containing only the appropriate volumes of blank solutions and showed no effect on cell growth. Different cells were exposed to Katha powder for about 48 h and performed cytotoxicity assays. The effect of Katha powder against these cell lines concentration range 10–100 μg/ml showed a decrease in percent cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, as compared with that of the control when examined by the trypan blue exclusion assay technique and MTT colorimetric assays technique.

Results: Quantitative phytochemical investigations were showed that Katha is rich in the content of polyphenols (tannins and flavonoids) and having good pharmacological potential. The effect of Katha powder against these cell lines concentration range 10–100 μg/ml showed a decrease in percent cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion: So from this investigation it is to be suggested that the Katha powder is rich in the phenolic compound and shows a good anticancer effect against MCF-7, A431, and HepG2 cells.
PRELIMINARY SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBICIDAL ACTIVITIES IN THE METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS
Authors: ILANGOVAN SUJATHA , P THAVASUMANI
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was the preliminary screening of the methanolic leaf extract of Couroupita guianensis for various phytochemical constituents, its antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.

Methods: Phytochemical screening of 18 qualitative, 6 quantitative constituents, antioxidant activity, alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the methanolic extract of the leaf of C. guianensis was performed adopting the standard protocols. The disk diffusion methods were used for assessing the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extract.

Results: The preliminary studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, phenol, tannin, and terpenoids in the methanolic extract of the leaf of C. guianensis. Potent antioxidant, free radical scavenging activity, and inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity of the methanolic extract were also evident.

Conclusions: The preliminary studies in the methanolic extract of the leaf of C. guianensis are suggestive of the therapeutic potentials of the methanolic extract of leaves of C. guianensis.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-ALZHEIMER ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC AND METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF POLYGONUM GLABRUM AGAINST ALUMINUM CHLORIDE-INDUCED ALZHEIMER’S IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Authors: Y SUNEESHA , KUMAR T VINAY
Published: January 2021

Objective: The current study aimed at the investigation of the effectiveness of ethanolic and methanolic extract of Polygonum glabrum in aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer’s disease in experimental rats.

Methods: The behavioral parameters evaluated by following methods such as Morris water maze test, radial arm maze test, and active avoidance test. Biochemical parameters were also estimated such as acetylcholine and acetylcholine esterase.

Results: Polygonum glabrum extract was instituted to be neuroprotective against AlCl3-induced toxicity. Enhanced learning and memory were allied to the ingestion of extract in rats. Al overload, acetylcholinesterase enzyme hyperactivity is responsible for Alzheimer’s disease which is neutralized or reduced with treatment of extract, which might be due to the synergistic action of its active constituents. Ethanolic extract was shown slightly higher efficacy as compared to methanolic extract.

Conclusion: Based on these current findings, it is suggested that lowering Aβ is an unproven strategy, and it may be time to refocus on other targets for the treatment of this disease, including pathological forms of tau.
EVALUATION OF RENOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CILNIDIPINE IN PATIENTS WITH MILD TO MODERATE HYPERTENSION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS – A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: R RAMYA , OM SHAJAHAN , KALADHARAN ANAKHA
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the renoprotective effect of cilnidipine by estimating urinary albumin and creatinine levels in mild-to-moderate hypertension (HTN) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and also evaluate the adverse drug profile of cilnidipine in the same patients.

Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, open-labeled, randomized study. A total of 60 patients of either gender aged between 30 and 60 with mild-to-moderate HTN with type 2 DM were included in the study. Urine albumin and urine creatinine were measured at day 1 and day 181. Blood pressure (BP) was measured in all visits. The drug cilnidipine at a dose of 10–20 mg oral was given and the corresponding improvement in the levels of urine albumin and other parameters was identified.

Results: There was a significant reduction in the mean systolic BP from 150.07±5.44 mmHg in visit 0 to 123.03±5.23 mmHg in visit 3. And also, there was a significant reduction in the mean diastolic BP from 95.5±8.15 mmHg in visit 0 to 80.8±2.42 mmHg in visit 3. The mean heart rate at visit zero was 76.71±4.86. At the end of 6 months of treatment, there was a significant reduction to 70.63±2.74. There was a significant reduction in the microalbuminuria from 66.62±8.39 to 38.8±6.45. The mean reduction was 27.56±10.25. There was no change in the creatinine level.

Conclusion: The study reveals that the drug cilnidipine is safe and effective in reducing the microalbuminuria and also effectively reduces BP in hypertensive patients. Hence, the drug cilnidipine can be safely administered to the patient with diabetes and HTN.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF GABAPENTIN AND PREGABALIN IN CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
Authors: N MANJUSHREE , CHAKRABORTY ANANYA , V SHASHIDHAR
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) occurs as a common Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) of anti-cancer drugs. The prevalence varies from 10% to 100%. To date, there is no standard effective treatment protocol for this condition. However, the neuro-modulators such as gabapentin and pregabalin are increasingly being used to treat CIPN. With this background this study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of gabapentin and pregabalin in CIPN.

Methods: This study was conducted in the department of medical oncology at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru. It was initiated after the approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. After obtaining written informed consent, the participants were randomized into two groups. Group A received gabapentin, 300 mg orally and Group B received pregabalin 75 mg orally; twice daily for 8 weeks. They were followed up at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The intensity and quality of pain were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) and pain quality assessment scale (PQAS). Safety was assessed by reported ADR. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test. p=0.05 or less was considered as statistically significant.

Results: Reduction in VAS and PQAS scores at 8 weeks was statistically significant in each group (p<0.0001). The ADR common to both the groups was drowsiness and sedation. The prevalence of ADR was more in the gabapentin group.

Conclusion: Both gabapentin and pregabalin have similar clinical efficacy in the treatment of CIPN. The prevalence of ADR was higher in gabapentin group compared to pregabalin group.
EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF THE AFRICAN VEGETABLES (CLERODENDRUM VOLUBILE LEAF AND IRVINGIA GABONENSIS SEED EXTRACTS) IN TRASTUZUMAB-MEDIATED HEPATO-RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: ADENEYE ADEJUWON , OLORUNDARE OLUFUNKE , AKINSOLA AKINYELE , SOYEMI SUNDAY , MGBEHOMA ALBAN , OKOYE IKECHUCKWU , ALBRECHT RALPH , NTAMBI JAMES , MUKHTAR HASAN
Published: January 2021

Objective: The use of trastuzumab (TZM) in the clinical management of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive metastatic breast and gastric cancers, gastro-esophageal adenocarcinoma, and colorectal carcinoma has been limited by its off-target cardiac, hepatic, and renal toxicities which till date have no effective therapies in either their prevention or amelioration. Thus, the present study is designed at investigating the protective and therapeutic potentials of 400 mg/kg/day Clerodendrum volubile ethanol leaf extract (CVE) and Irvingia gabonensis ethanol seed extract (IGE) pretreatments in TZM-intoxicated Wistar rats based on their reported folkloric use in the local management of kidney and liver diseases and the previously reported therapeutic potential of these African vegetables in TZM cardiotoxicity.

Methods: Forty-nine male Wistar rats were randomly allotted into seven groups of seven rats per group. Group I rats were treated with 10 ml/kg/day of 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) sterile water p.o. and 1 ml/kg/day 5% DMSO sterile water i.p.; Groups II and III rats were orally pretreated with 400 mg/kg/day CVE and IGE, respectively, 3 h before 1 ml/kg/day/i.p. 5% DMSO sterile water; Group IV rats were orally pretreated with 10 ml/kg/day 5% DMSO sterile water 3 h before 2.25 mg/kg/day/i.p. TZM; and Groups V-VII rats were pretreated with 20 mg/kg/day Vit. C, 400 mg/kg/day CVE, and 400 mg/kg/day IGE all dissolved in 5% DMSO sterile water, respectively, 3 h before i.p. injections of 2.25 mg/kg/day TZM, all for 7 days. Liver function parameters, renal function parameters, oxidative stress markers, and histopathological investigations were the study measuring endpoints.

Results: Oral pretreatment with 20 mg/kg/day Vit. C, 400 mg/kg/day CVE and IGE significantly ameliorated TZM-mediated hepatic and renal toxicities by effectively lowering the serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and urea levels. CVE and IGE pretreatments also significantly reversed TZM-induced decreases in the hepatic and renal tissue catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione- S-transferase activities and reduced malondialdehyde levels. CVE and IGE pretreatments also improved TZM-induced hepatic and renal histological lesions.

Conclusions: Overall, the chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive potentials of CVE and IGE in TZM-induced hepatorenal dysfunction were either wholly or partly mediated through free-radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.
ACTIVE-HASH-TABLE BASED PUBLIC AUDITING FOR SECURE CLOUD STORAGE
Authors: K BALAKRISHNAN , R VIDHYA
Published: January 2021

Public auditing scheme for secure cloud storage based on dynamic hash table, which is a new two-dimensional data structure located at a third-party auditor (TPA) to record the data property information for dynamic auditing. Differing form the existing works, the proposed scheme migrates the authorized information from the cloud services provider to the TPA and thereby significantly reduces the computational cost and communication overhead. Our scheme can also achieve higher updating efficiency than the state of the art schemes. In addition, we extend our scheme to support privacy preservation by combining the homomorphic authenticator based on the public key with the random masking generated by the TPA and achieve batch auditing by employing the aggregate BLS signature technique. We formally prove the security of the proposed scheme and evaluate the auditing performance by detailed experiments and comparisons with the existing ones. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively achieve secure auditing for cloud storage and outperform the previous schemes’ in computation complexity, storage costs, and communication overhead.
Pensamiento mágico, religiosidad y decisiones bioéticas en estudiantes de medicina de Sonora
Authors: Gómez-Alcalá Alejandro V. , Borboa-Osuna Manuel J. , Ornelas-Aguirre José Manuel
Published: January 2021

Introducción: Aunque la comunidad suele apreciar a los médicos que tienen creencias religiosas, éstas pueden influir sobre sus decisiones bioéticas y afectar la atención de pacientes en grupos vulnerables.Objetivo: Estudiar las creencias religiosas y el pensamiento fantástico entre estudiantes de medicina, así como su efecto en la resolución de dilemas éticos.Método: A alumnos del octavo semestre se les aplicó una encuesta validada de pensamiento mágico (EPM), la encuesta de religiosidad DUREL (ER) y un cuestionario de decisiones bioéticas, seguida de la descripción, correlación e inferencia estadística apropiada.Resultados: Se estudiaron 50 alumnos de 20 a 27 años, 26 mujeres y 24 hombres; la mitad contestaron ser católicos y 20 (40%) no tener ninguna religión. Los puntajes promedio en EPM (29 a 88, promedio 46 ± 13.5) y ER (5 a 26, promedio 9.8 ± 4.9) tradujeron un pensamiento racional, escéptico y laico y mostraron una correlación significativa entre si (r = 0.37, p = 0.008); pero en la mitad de los jóvenes se encontraron rasgos de pensamiento mágico y en 3 cuartas partes de religiosidad. Todos los estudiantes aceptaron prescribir anticonceptivos y atender por igual a homosexuales, pero la inducción de aborto o asistencia al suicidio provocaron decisiones divididas que posibilitaron la creación de 4 perfiles bioéticos, en los que los puntajes EPM y ER resultaron significativamente diferentes.Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre el pensamiento mágico y la religiosidad en estudiantes de medicina; ambas se asocian, además, con un razonamiento bioético de corte tradicionalista que puede originar objeciones de conciencia en tratamientos controvertidos.
Efektywne usuwanie zanieczyszczeń pochodzenia organicznego i nieorganicznego za pomocą kompozytów na bazie nanocząstek zero wartościowego żelaza n-Fe(0)
Authors: Foltynowicz Zenon , Maranda Andrzej , Czajka Bogdan , Wachowski Leszek , Sałaciński Tomasz
Published: January 2021

For almost three decades, engineered nanoparticles (ENM’s) have been the subject of intensive research due to their chemical reactivity and their sorption, catalytic, electronic, optical, magnetic and other unique properties. The results obtained indicate that they provide a new tool for the remediation of contaminated aquatic ecosystems (surface and groundwater), sediments, soil training grounds as well as waste recycling areas, e.g. for electronic. The application of in situ restorative technologies using compositions involving metal nanoparticles, mainly iron nanoparticles (n-ZVI, nano zero-valent iron) is becoming more common. Solutions proposed in a number of publications and patents show the versality, reater efficiency and lower costs of the remediation process, compared with conventional methods.
THE MORPHO-PHONEMIC PROCESSES IN INDONESIAN ADVERTISEMENT’S SLOGANS
Authors: Dewi Octavia Chandra , Indrayani Lia Maulia , Soemantri Ypsi Soeria
Published: January 2021

The use of slogans in the advertisements to introduce and to attract public’s attention upon the products advertised are essential. The use of morpho-phonemic forms as the morphological process in the Indonesian advertisements’ slogans nowadays are interesting to be analyzed since there are lots of them use unique forms to attract public’s attention upon the product. The public’s attention upon the advertisements would influence the level of public’s awareness upon the product and eventually would raise the number of purchase and the usage of the product offered. This research explained the forms of the morphological process used in the Indonesian advertisement’s slogans, and the purposes of the morphological process used in the Indonesian advertisement’s slogans. Based on O'Grady and Dobrovolsky’s theories, this research uses descriptive qualitative method by observing and documenting the forms of morpho-phonemic changing which are used in Indonesian slogans, continued by analyzing the data. The objects of the study were the texts in advertisement’s slogans. The sources of the data were the Indonesian advertisement’s slogans from various types of product, which were aired or published in Indonesia. The forms of the morpho-phonemic changing were studied based on morphological processes in morphology. Slogans should attract the attention from public upon the product advertised to consume or to use it. It is hope that these findings will be useful for the development of language use especially in advertising.
ENGLISH SPEAKING TEACHING METHODS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENT AT KAMPUNG INGGRIS PONTIANAK
Authors: Satria Viqri Rahmad
Published: January 2021

This research aims to know speaking teaching methods used at Kampung Inggris Pontianak for elementary school students and tutor obstacles during teaching activity. The method applied in this research was qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. The data were collected from interview and observation with the owner of Kampung Inggris Pontianak, West Kalimantan. It was found that English speaking skill to elementary school students was separated into four levels; basic, intermediate 1, intermediate 2, and advanced. There are five methods applied by Kampung Inggris Pontianak to improve students English speaking skill. Flashcards, watching movies, listening, games, and singing. There were two kinds of obstacles that tutors face during the class. First, most of the tutors’ backgrounds were non-educational. So, they found it hard, sometimes, to control their elementary students who are very energetic. They might have English language competence. However, it is not adequate as their only competence to teach students compared to tutors with English educational background. Therefore, Kampung Inggris Pontianak holds micro-teaching practices to see tutor candidate performances before coming into class. Second, new students made many false answers on the placement test just to make them get into a lower level class than they are supposed to be. The researcher hopes this research will give knowledge to the reader of how tutors in Kampung Inggris Pontianak teaches speaking skills to their students.
Nasionalisme Etnis Tionghoa Di Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Putra Irwan , Yusuf Rusli , Sanusi Sanusi , Maimun Maimun
Published: January 2021

Banda Aceh ialah Ibukota Provinsi Aceh yang paling banyak di tinggali oleh masyarakat Etnis Tionghoa. Sebagai daerah yang strategi dari zaman dahulu, Banda Aceh menjadi pusat perekonomian bagi masyarakat tanpa terkecuali etnis tionghoa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Secara keseluruhan subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 20 orang yang dilakukan wawancara secara mendalam yang kemudian dianalisis melalui model interaktif dari yang terdiri dari 4 jalur yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa nasionalisme etnis tionghoa dapat dikatakan tinggi hal ini terungkap berdasarkan data wawancara yang dikumpulkan. Nasionalisme etnis tionghoa ini tergambarkan mulai dari aktif berpartisipasi mereka dalam mengibarkan bendera merah putih, taat membayar pajak dan ikut upacara dan berpartisipasi. Selanjutnya pada aspek tanggung jawab, para etnis tionghoa memiliki toleransi antar umat beragama yang tinggi. Hal ini berdasarkan pada wawancara yang mendalam terhadap informan yang mengatakan bahwa mereka aktif menjaga  keamanan dan kerukunan umat beragaman di kota Banda Aceh. Tingginya nasionalisme etnis tionghoa tidak terlepas dari kondisi lingkungan masyarakat aceh yang mendukung untuk perekonomian dan tempat yang toleransi. Kemudian perasaan nasionalisme masyarakat tionghoa tidak dapat hanya dilihat dari apa yang terlihat (tampak), tetapi nasionalisme tionghoa harus diterjemahkan sebagai keinginan mereka berada dan bersama-sama membangun serta menjaga negara Indonesia.
Konflik Internal PPP Di Tengah Pilkada Jawa Barat 2018
Authors: Djuyandi Yusa , Suparman Sayid M.
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konflik internal di Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) di tengah Pilkada Jawa Barat tahun 2018, dengan alasan bahwa konflik di internal PPP yang memuncak sejak kasus Suryadharma Ali telah mengakibatkan adanya perpecahan kepengurusan partai sampai di tingkat daerah, di Jawa Barat perpecahan ini membuat beberapa kader dan fungsionaris partai mendukung pasangan calon gubernur dan wakil gubernur yang di usung oleh partai lain. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dengan data primer bersumber dari hasil wawancara yang berdasarkan teknik purposive, serta data sekunder yang bersumber dari studi literatur, teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan memperhatikan dan memahami, mereduksi dan memilah, melakukan interpretasi, dan melakukan validasi data. Penelitian ini menganalisa bahwa sumber konflik PPP didominasi oleh perebutan suara dan perebutan kekuasaan agar mendapat posisi di kabinet nantinya, kedua pihak juga akhirnya menempuh penyelesaian konflik sesuai dengan prosedur yang tercantum di dalam undang-undang. Proses penyelesaikan konflik yang dilakukan adalah dengan: Pertama kooperatif, yaitu terkait dengan upaya perdamaian di antara pihak yang bertikai yang acap disebut dengan islah. Kedua, degeneratif merupakan gugatan melalui jalur hukum sebagai upaya saling menegasikan satu pihak teradap pihak lainnya. Serta ketiga, kompetitif yakni melalui instrumen muktamar untuk mencari pemimpin baru.
Capturing the Performance of Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) and Composite Share Price Index (IHSG) Jakarta Period 2016-2019
Authors: Al-Hakim Muhammad Hanif
Published: January 2021

This study aims to compare the performance of Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) and Composite Share Price Index (IHSG) Jakarta over bullish dan bearish period 2016-2019. This research is descriptive quantitative using natural log and standard deviation calculation. The data retrieved from Financial Service Autority. The finding show that indexes whose volatility values are high does not always generate high positive returns. In addition, the performance of the two indices showed the same pattern in both bullish and bearish periods despite the differences in some conditions and systems.
Characteristic of Teaching Materials for Arabic Reading Skill with Inductive Approach
Authors: Istiqomah Himatul , Al-Badrani Mohammad Jawad Habeeb
Published: January 2021

Himmati is deliberately created as a textbook modification to recognize the Qur'an prepared for beginners. This research aimed to describe the characteristics of teaching material contained in Himmati. This research was a qualitative approach and content analysis of the perspective of Thu’aimah.  It also belonged to library research with the main data source is a book, named Himmati: Modifikasi Pembelajaran Dasar Mengenali al-Qur’an from volume 1 to volume 5. The results showed that: 1) Generally, the teaching materials in Himmati were divided into 5 volumes which were presented inductively, namely the introduction of letters, words, tajweed, gharib, and verses in the Qur’an. Specifically, the teaching materials in Himmati were divided into 7 volumes which were presented with examples from the Qur'an and colored in the order of the frequency of visible light, from red to violet. The 1st volume focused on pronunciation, the 2ndA volume was on short vowels, long vowels, nunation (tanwin), and original sukuun, the 2ndB volume was on non-original sukuun and shadda, the 3rdA volume was on the law of nuun sukuun, nunation, germination nuun and miim, the 3rdB volume was on the law of miim sukuun, definite article al, and madd, the 4th volume was on the rule of exception, and the 5th volume was on the stop sign. The teaching materials in Himmati presented for beginners level
Analisis Pengetahuan Etnomatematika Guru Sekolah Dasar Di Kecamatan Muara Tembesi
Authors: Febriani Fitria
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana integrasi budaya daerah dalam pembelajaran matematika di Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Muara Tembesi.  Fokus masalah pada penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan guru tentang etnomatematika di tingkat Sekolah Dasar.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kombinasi, yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Sample yang didapat dari penelitian ini berjumlah 18 guru Sekolah Dasar dari total populasi 249 guru kelas Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Kecamatan Muara Tembesi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas guru tidak mengetahui tentang etnomatematika. Sebanyak 22% guru memiliki pengetahuan etnomatematika tinggi, 33% guru memiliki pengetahuan etnomatematika sedang, 45% guru memiliki pengetahuan etnomatematika rendah. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan referensi untuk mengatasi kendala yang ada, misalnya dalam pembuatan modul, bahan ajar dan pembelajaran.
Development of Authentic Science Assessment Media Century skills based For Elementary School Students
Authors: Dwiyanti Aris Naeni , Rahayuni Galuh
Published: January 2021

The development of technology makes students have many soft skills in facing the demands of the 21st century. These soft skills are better known as century skills, where students expect to develop the potential of these soft skills as preparation for the future. Progress of these soft skills can train using authentic science assessment media. Media contains material sketches, skill literacy, competency tests, and follow-up programs. Each content can develop children's soft skills in cooperation, communication, creativity, and students' critical thinking. This research includes research and development research. The initial stage of this research was to analyze the content needs of the authentic science assessment media, and a limited trial carried out if deficiencies improvements were made. This study's subjects were students, elementary school teachers, linguists, media experts, material experts, and assessment experts. Purpose the research aims to develop media authentic science assessment-based Century skills for elementary school students and know the quality of authentic science assessment media. The mean validation results from media experts, material experts, linguists, and assessment experts were 84.5%, 84.5%, 84.5%, and 82.5%. Based on these results, authentic science assessment media are good in content, language, and presentation.
Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Activities, Proline and Malondialdehyde Contents in Extracts of the Aerial Parts of Two Species of Pulsatilla Native to Mongolia
Authors:   Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia,  Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia, Bayarmaa Jambalsuren , Purev Dondog ,   Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia,  Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia
Published: January 2021

In this work, a comparative study on superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in extracts of the aerial parts of Pulsatilla turczaninovii and Pulsatilla flavescens is presented. Flower extracts of both species showed the highest superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, followed by leaf and stem extracts. The same trend is observed for proline and MDA contents.
MODERNIZAR EL ESTADO. PLAN Y AGENTES DEL CAMBIO EN LA ERA CAMBIEMOS. ARGENTINA, 2015-2019
Authors: Caravaca Jimena , Daniel Claudia , Lenarduzzi Julieta , Mattina Gabriela
Published: January 2021

El artículo estudia la creación y la propuesta del primer Ministerio de Modernización de la Nación (MMN) de la Argentina. A poco de asumir la gestión a fines de 2015, el presidente Macri colocó a la modernización del Estado en el máximo escalafón institucional. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender el carácter político de la empresa de modernización estatal encarada por la alianza Cambiemos en Argentina, a partir de conocer el contenido que le dio a la tarea modernizadora, las funciones y roles institucionales que construyó, y el perfil sociológico de los funcionarios que formaron parte del proyecto. Se presentan dos apartados: el primero dedicado a la estructura, recursos y líneas de acción del ministerio; el segundo enfocado en un estudio de trayectorias de sus funcionarios a partir de una base de datos de 192 perfiles que contempla tanto a las autoridades superiores, como a la Alta Dirección Pública.
Violencia y pobreza en la Costa Rica de la década de los noventa.
Authors: Cascante Jinny
Published: January 2021

Este artículo tiene como base la realidad costarricense y analiza la estrecha vinculación entre la violencia y la pobreza. El tipo de relación que existe entre la pobreza que día a día afecta a más familias en este país y la violencia que emerge, evidenciándose de diversas maneras en los sucesos cotidianos costarricenses y en ámbitos tan diversos como el deporte, la familia, la comunidad y la escuela, muestra las debilidades del sistema democrático costarricense y la necesidad de urgentes tomas de decisión en estas áreas en procura de soluciones duraderas para el nuevo siglo XXI.El artículo retoma no solamente esta relación de manera directa, sino que orienta el análisis a la búsqueda de las raíces estructurales y culturales.
EL humanismo del cristianismo primitivo, la patrística y la Edad Media.
Authors: Cañas Quirós Roberto
Published: January 2021

Esta investigación versa sobre el concepto de “humanismo” enfocado desde diversas aristas: 1) la del cristianismo primitivo, que incorpora los ideales de la cultura griega con el modelo de Cristo y la nueva concepción de la divinidad (siglo I); 2) el de la patrística, que defiende mediante las categorías de la filosofía griega el cristianismo de sus adversarios (hasta el siglo II); 3) el último gran sistema filosófico griego representado por Plotino; 4) la formulación doctrinal de las creencias cristianas mediante la  cultura griega (siglo II hasta el siglo V); y 5) el humanismo que se manifestó durante la Edad Media y el que propiciaron las Universidades medievales.
Educación a distancia y trasmisión de valores.
Authors: López Valverde Carlos Eduardo
Published: January 2021

El artículo analiza los valores que transmite la Educación a Distancia, considerando que enfatiza valores individuales y no sociales, consecuencia de las características metodológicas utilizadas y también de la concepción teórica de este modelo de enseñanza, en donde el elemento central lo constituye el autoaprendizaje. Se relacionan características del modelo de aprendizaje a distancia con tesis propias del neoliberalismo, que responden de manera adecuada a este paradigma totalizador, en donde las nuevas tecnologías y medios de comunicación establecen un modelo telemático, que algunos consideran el medio idóneo para expandir la educación a distancia, pero sin preocuparse por fortalecer valores como justicia, tolerancia, solidaridad, fundamentales en una sociedad en donde tiende a prevalecer el individualismo y el egoísmo.
Masculinidad y poder
Authors: Menjívar Ochoa Mauricio
Published: January 2021

El trabajo aborda la masculinidad en el marco de las relaciones de poder, partiendo de la perspectiva de aquellos estudios sobre masculinidad ubicados en una perspectiva crítica de la masculinidad hegemónica. Para tales efectos, se parte de la importancia de inscribir el tema de la masculinidad y el poder dentro de los estudios de género, señalando los mecanismos con los que el patriarcado ha generado la hegemonía de los hombres: el consenso y la coacción, mediante los cuales se ha mantenido la dominación y los privilegios sobre las mujeres. Por último, el artículo analiza las negativas consecuencias que ha tenido la forma en que se ha construido tradicionalmente la masculinidad no sólo entre las mujeres, sino entre los hombres.
No te muevas que ahorita vuelvo: lugares y tiempos para mujeres.
Authors: Gamboa Barbosa María Isabel
Published: January 2021

La imposición de deseos, movimientos, necesidades, interpretaciones y demandas, que más hablan de intereses hegemónicos sexistas, se da mediante estrategias que incluyen la construcción de espacios y tiempos diferentes para mujeres y para hombres. Más allá de la voluntad y la conciencia de las personas, dependiendo de su sexo, su clase, su edad, se les relega a tiempos y lugares como deberes establecidos, mientras se les expropia de otros considerados dominio ajeno. Este escrito recupera algunas expresiones de dicha división, específicamente lo relacionado con los denominados espacios públicos/privados que encierran a las mujeres en las casas y colocan a los hombres en las calles; las contradicciones y resistencias que genera el orden espacio-temporal tradicional, el cual incluye cierta flexibilidad que puede mirarse con sospecha; también se desarrollan  algunos ejemplos de la disposición espacio-temporalen las calles y los baños públicos; y finalmente se reflexiona sobre el espacio que llevamos siempre: el de el cuerpo, el de las mujeres, como espacio de culpas, transgresiones y alegrías.
La educación que todos necesitamos.
Authors: Marín Murillo Asdrúbal
Published: January 2021

Este ensayo pone énfasis en la educación como base de todo progreso humano y social. Se analiza la falta de unidad organizativa y operativa del sistema educativo y también el desconocimiento y divorcio entre los educadores y las autoridades administrativas: desconocimiento que está relacionado con la importancia, función y aportes de los docentes a la educación. El trabajo termina señalando la urgencia de una nueva pedagogía que rescate y promueva los más altos valores humanos en la sociedad actual.