bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Improvement of Low Power Plasma Torch for Very Low Pressure Plasma Sprayed Thin and Dense Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Zhu L. , Zhang N. , Sun F. , Bolot R. , Planche M. P. , Liao H. , Coddet C.
Published: November 2022

As a promising thermal spray technology, the very low pressure plasma spray (VLPPS) process has been significantly used to deposit thin, dense and homogenous ceramic coating materials for special application needs in recent years. In this study, a home-made transferred arc nozzle was mounted on a low power F100 plasma torch for enhancing the plasma jet energy under very low pressure conditions. Thin and dense alumina (Al2O3) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic coatings with an average thickness of 30-40 µm were successfully elaborated by VLPPS process below 1 mbar. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to analyze the properties of the plasma jet with or without powder injection. The microstructures of the coatings were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the YSZ coatings displayed a bimodal microstructure that was composed of splats formed by melted particles and a little amount of vapor condensation from evaporated particles. However, vapor condensation could not be observed in the Al2O3 coatings formed by lamellar splats only. The Vickers microhardnesses of both coatings were also evaluated.
Particle Size Distribution of the Filling Powder in Cored Wires and their Effect on Arc Behavior, In-Flight Particle Behavior and Splat Formation
Authors: Tillmann W. , Abdulgader M.
Published: November 2022

The composition of the cored wires is inhomogeneous and contains solid velum as well as a powder filling which strongly influences the particle formation, in-flight particle behavior, the coating microstructure, and consequently the behavior of the desired coating. To study the effect of particle size distribution of the filling powder in cored wires the parameters of the twin wire arc spraying process such as current, voltage, and atomization air pressure are changed for different intervals of particle size distributions (-45µm+25µm, and -95µm+63µm). Fluctuations in arc voltage and current are measured and found to be higher at smaller particle sizes. The characteristics of inflight particles showed a higher particle velocity in case of smaller particle sizes. The particle temperature is higher in case of bigger particle sizes. The splats tend to form a pancake shape in case of smaller particle sizes. Therefore, the lamellas are more homogenous and the porosity is low. This investigation is important for deep understanding of twin wire arc spraying with cored wires.
Modeling of Dry-Ice Blasting and its Application in Thermal Spray
Authors: Dong S. , Song B. , Hansz B. , Liao H. , Coddet C.
Published: November 2022

Dry-ice blasting, as an environmental-friendly method, was used during atmospheric plasma spraying for improving coating properties. This process is believed to be capable to reduce the porosity and the oxide of the coating and to increase the deposition efficiency, etc. Considering dry-ice pellets are carried and accelerated by compressed air through a convergent-divergent nozzle, the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach was firstly employed in this study to evaluate the effects of nozzle geometry, accelerating gas conditions as well as properties of pellets, on the pellet velocity variation and further to optimize the process. Moreover, the experiment with a steel powder was then carried out and the results indicate that a denser coating with a lower content of oxide can be achieved with the application of dry-ice blasting during the plasma spraying.
Hot-Gas Corrosion-Erosion Resistance of Thermally Post-Treated Fe-Al-Based Arc-Sprayed Coating
Authors: Pokhmurska H. , Wielage B. , Prokopyshyn A. , Winkelmann R.
Published: November 2022

Solid-particle erosion of metals and alloys at elevated temperatures is one of the main reasons of the damage of components used in the energy production and utilization industries. Application of protective coating systems can be an attractive and economically reasonable solution for preventing the failure and increasing the durability of the components working in severe conditions of high-temperature corrosion and erosion. However, thermal spraying of intermetallic materials that have excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance is limited because of their low ductility. Present work reports the results of the investigation of abrasion wear resistance at elevated temperatures of combined coatings, which include the intermetallic layer. Such iron aluminide layers have been formed as a result of diffusion during the heat post-treatment of arc-prayed metallic coatings combining Fe- and Al-based layers. Post-treatment of arc-sprayed coatings was carried out by means of infrared radiation and induction heating. It was shown that the abrasion resistance of the developed coating tested at elevated temperatures (T > 500 °C) is considerably higher than that of low-alloyed steel and some nickel-based alloys and depends on the test load condition. The high performance of intermetallic-based graded coatings at elevated temperatures makes them interesting for applications as a low-cost erosion-corrosion-resistant material.
Life Cycle Assessment of Thick Coating Processes
Authors: Serres N. , Costil S. , Langlade C. , Coddet C.
Published: November 2022

In this work, a LCA based on Eco-indicator 99 methodology was used to compare the environmental impacts and benefits of thermal spraying (including APS, HVOF, Flame and Cold Spray) carried out with materials which could be used in application to resist against wear and/or corrosion. The comparison was carried out using the SimaPro 7.2 software, and it was focused on all stages necessary to build the coating, i.e. extraction of raw materials, production of powder, transport, surface preparation, thermal spray operating, until the end of life, as well as emissions (solid, liquid and gaseous) at each stage of a process. As a major result, it appears that the lifetime of the coatings plays a high role. If a coating needs to be regularly replaced or if failure of the coating decreases the lifetime of the component, this almost impact on the LCA. Moreover, there is an influence on the nature of the resources used to build the coating, as well as on the end of life strategies.
Thermal Spray: Status and Current Activities in Norway
Authors: Armada S. , Bjørgum A.
Published: November 2022

Norway is a rich country endowed with many natural resources including hydropower, oil and gas, wind power, fish, etc. Norway has nowadays a high technological and research based industry. The discovery of the first oil field in 1969 has been the driving force for the Norwegian economy, accounting for nearly 50% of exports and 30% of state revenue. Since then several technology-based industries have been created and developed not only around the oil and gas business, but also in other fields such as the Aluminium production. Thermal Spray has played an important role in the Norwegian industry, where it has been used for more than 40 years in many different applications (corrosion and wear protection in the offshore industry, aeronautical industry, etc). The Norwegian thermal spray producers and users have a long tradition in collaborating and also working with R&D institutes such as SINTEF and Universities (specially the The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU) in order to develop new and better coatings. Based on this collaboration the Norwegian Thermal Spray Group was established in 1995 and since then it has grown constantly. The members of the group are: Bandak AS, Castolin Services, CerPoTech, GBSGroup, HCStarck, Mantena, Mets AS, Norwegian armed force logistic division (LHK), Powder Tec AS, Scana, SprayService AS, SubseaDesign, Teknologisk Institute, Trio AF, Volvo Aero Norge, SINTEF and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The group includes materials suppliers, coating producers, end users, education and certifying, research institutes and Universities. The aim of the group is to develop thermal spray activities in Norway and find new solutions for existing and new challenges in surface protection.
The Concept of Integrated Quality Management Applicative Studies
Authors: Solikhin Muhammad , Suwadi Suwadi
Published: November 2022

This article explores the application of integrated quality management in building Islamic educational institutions that can produce actual figures as educational institutions providing a pilot impact in the surrounding environment and strengthening Islamic Science. The Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Az-Ziyaadah was analysed using a descriptive qualitative method. Meanwhile, the data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The interview was conducted with key informants, namely the principal, ustadz, ustadzah, and education observers. Secondary data sources were in the form of documentation of learning in Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Az-Ziyaadah. Furthermore, the data analysis technique refers to the concept of Miles and Huberman. The result showed that the application of quality management in the Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah adopts Islamic values, systematic revitalisation of human resources, and a system of rules. In Islamic values, it refers to integrating the concept of integration with the importance of the Qur'an. In the systematic revitalisation of human resources, steps are performed for restoration, regeneration, quality of human resources, strengthening finances, and networking.
Pedagogies and Challenges in English Language Learning in Undergraduate Programs in Pakistan: A Review
Authors: Shahid Choudhry , Asif Safia , Muhammad Rehan
Published: November 2022

English has become a universal language for education, commerce, and research. In Pakistan, universities educate in English. This study examines prior research on developing learner self-direction and success in second language learning to help students confront academic and professional challenges. This research will look at the present condition of English language education in Pakistan, the challenges instructors and students experience in the EFL setting, and recommendations for policymakers and teachers to increase communicative competency and learner autonomy in Pakistan's higher education system. Undergraduates in colleges and universities employ a variety of learning methods to improve their communication abilities. University students are responsible and mature. Teachers' instructional techniques and linguistic skills may make pupils competent and responsible for learning. Learner autonomy promotes responsibility, planning, reflection, and strength- weakness identification. Proficiency in a second language promotes learning, independence and decision-making abilities. By offering social and physical space for language learning, students may progress well in EFL.
Digital Transformation: Towards a model for competency-based governance of digital transformation for boards of directors in South Africa
Authors: Siwahla-Madiba Nandipha Daphne , Costa King
Published: November 2022

The requirement for directors of boards to attain competencies in relation to governance of digital transformation is evidently increasing at global level. South Africa, as a player within the global economic landscape, cannot afford to have directors who do not understand the requisite competencies required for governance of digital transformation. Whereas many organisations and boards have implemented new corporate governance codes, principles, and standards, as well as new company legislation, frameworks or models on governance of digital transformation are not yet integrated into functional board activities. This study was hinged upon an interpretivist epistemology, with a case study design used as a strategy for inquiry. Using purposive sampling approach, a total of seven participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Ethical considerations were followed in terms of the institutional requirements and participants were requested to sign consent forms for participating in this study. Implications of participations were clearly articulated to participants and their right to discontinue participation at any time was proffered. In this study, their participation is referred to as “Participant” followed by a number, which does not reflect the order of their participation, but to provide anonymity. Data was analysed through a thematic approach, using the COSTA QDA technique on webQDA software.The study findings culminated in three main themes as follows:•There is no standard definition of competence-based models for governance of digital transformation•Governance of digital transformation is perceived as governance of information technology (IT)•There is a need for digital transformation competence at board levelDiscussion of the meanings attached to these themes resulted in a development of a model entitled MADIBA Model, which is an acronym for six constructs that could be used to guide establishment of a competency model for governance of digital transformation by directors of different boards. Study limitations were mainly due to the fact that only a subjective approach to the inquiry was followed, justified by the fact that the researcher sought to explore in-depth views and perspectives of boards of directors in relation to governance of digital transformation competency model. The study further recommended that there could be another study focussing on pragmatic approaches or even positivistic perspectives, to obtain generalised perspectives on the phenomenon.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT FERMENTOR KOPI TERKENDALI MENGGUNAKAN ELEMEN PEMANAS BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO
Authors: Fasya Fadhilah , Prihandono Trapsilo , Harijanto Alex
Published: November 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang alat fermentor kopi terkendali menggunakan elemen pemanas berbasis Arduino uno. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Variabel penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah rancang bangun alat fementor kopi terkendali menggunakan elemen pemanas berbasis Arduino uno. Dalam rancang bangun alat ini menggunakan 2 jenis sensor yaitu sensor DS18B20 dan sensor DHT 11. Untuk mengetahui tingkat kevalidan sensor tersebut maka untuk sensor DS18B20 diuji dengan thermometer dan untuk sensor DHT11 diuji dengan hygrometer. Hasil analisis tingkat kevalidan alat untuk sensor DS18B20 didapatkan tingkat kevalidannya sebesar 84,5% dan untuk sensor DHT11 tingkat kevalidannya 91,5%. Dengan demikian rancang bangun alat fermentor kopi terkendali menggunakan elemen pemanas berbasis Arduino uno adalah sangat valid. Kata kunci: kopi arabika; fermentasi kopi; arduino uno. ABSTRACTThis study aims to design a controlled coffee fermenter using an Arduino uno-based heating element. The method in this study uses descriptive quantitative research methods. The research variable used in this study is the design of a controlled coffee fementer using an Arduino Uno-based heating element. In the design of this tool, 2 types of sensors are used, namely the DS18B20 sensor and the DHT 11 sensor. To determine the level of validity of the sensor, the DS18B20 sensor is tested with a thermometer and the DHT11 sensor is tested with a hygrometer. The results of the analysis of the validity level of the tool for the DS18B20 sensor obtained a validity level of 84.5% and for the DHT11 sensor the validity level is 91.5%. Thus the design of a controlled coffee fermenter using an Arduino uno-based heating element is very valid. Keywords: arabica coffee; coffee fermentation; arduino uno.
PENGARUH PAPARAN MEDAN MAGNET EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY (ELF) TERHADAP MASSA JENIS TOMAT RANTI
Authors: Rahman Rosdiana Afifah , Sudarti Sudarti , Lesmono Albertus Djoko
Published: November 2022

ABSTRAKTomat ranti merupakan jenis tomat yang memiliki kandungan likopen serta vitamin c yang lebih tinggi dibanding dengan jenis tomat yang lain. Tomat ranti merupakan salah satu jenis buah klimaterik dengan umur simpan ± 3-7 hari. Medanmagnet ELF merupakan salah satu jenis dari gelombang elektromagnetik yang bersifat Non-Ionizing dan telah dinyatakan dalam beberapa penelitian dalam bidang pangan, pertanian dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh paparan medan magnet ELF dengan intensitas 600 µT, 1000 µT, dan 1500 µT terhadap perubahan nilai massa jenis tomat ranti pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan sampel yang digunakan yaitu tomat ranti. Sampel dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok kontrol dan 45 kelompok eksperimen. Pengukuran nilai massa jenis dilakukan pad ahari ke-2, ke-4, ke-6, dan ke-8 setelah pemaparan. Hasil dari penelitian menunujukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimen. Intensitas dan waktu pemaparan yang paling efektif dalam penelitian ini yaitu intensitas 600 dengan lama waktu 100 menit. Kata kunci: tomat ranti; massa jenis; medan magnet; elf; pembusukan. ABSTRACTRanti tomato is a type of tomato that contains lycopene and vitamin C which is higher than other types of tomatoes. Ranti tomato is a type of climacteric fruit with a shelf life of ± 3-7 days. The ELF magnetic field is one type of electromagnetic wave that is Non-Ionizing and has been stated in several studies in the fields of food, agriculture and so on. This study aims to determine the effect of exposure to the ELF magnetic field with an intensity of 600 µT, 1000 µT, and 1500 µT on changes in the density value of ranti tomatoes in the control group and the experimental group. The research design used is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the sample used is tomato ranti. The sample was divided into 5 control groups and 45 experimental groups. Density values were measured on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th days after exposure. The results of the study showed a significant difference between the control group and the experimental group. The most effective intensity and exposure time in this study was the intensity of 600 with a duration of 100 minutes. Keywords: ranti tomato; density; magnetic field; elf; decay.
ANALISIS ASPEK LITERASI SAINS PADA BUKU TEMATIK PEMBELAJARAN IPA KELAS VI DI SD NEGERI 2 CEMPAGA TAHUN 2022
Authors: Dewi Ni Luh Widya Antika , Putra I Ketut Dedi Agung Susanto
Published: November 2022

ABSTRAKPengetahuan tentang aspek literasi sains penting bagi siswa untuk memahami isu-isu lingkungan, ekonomi dan sosial yang baru. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan literasi sains adalah analisis buku teks IPA tematik. Penelitian ini menganalisis aspek literasi sains pada buku teks IPA bertema kelas VI di sekolah dasar. Aspek literasi sains yang akan dianalisis adalah sains sebagai cara berpikir dan interaksi antara sains, teknologi, dan masyarakat. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif, yaitu mengumpulkan informasi dalam bentuk penelitian dokumenter. Satu buku utuh dianalisis dan representasi yang berbeda dari literasi sains  dibangun, yaitu: 0,2% (Ilmu dari Perspektif Berpikir) dan 0,7% (Ilmu Pengetahuan, Teknologi, dan Perspektif Interaksi Masyarakat). Masing-masing bab menyajikan kedua aspek tersebut secara lebih rinci.Pengamatan berikut menunjukkan bahwa buku ini tidak menekankan penguasaan dukungan materi dan  konteks. Kata kunci: literasi; sains; tematik. ABSTRACTKnowledge of aspects of scientific literacy is important for students to understand new environmental, economic and social issues. One of the efforts to improve scientific literacy is the analysis of thematic science textbooks. This study analyzes aspects of scientific literacy in science textbooks with the theme of class VI in elementary schools. The aspect of scientific literacy that will be analyzed is science as a way of thinking and the interaction between science, technology, and society. The research used is descriptive, namely collecting information in the form of documentary research. One whole book was analyzed and different representations of scientific literacy were constructed, namely: 0,2% (Science from Thinking Perspective) and 0.7% (Science, Technology, and Community Interaction Perspective). Each chapter presents these two aspects in detail showing that this book does not control material and context support. Keywords: literacy; sains; thematic.
PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PhET SIMULATION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SMA NEGERI PLUS SUKOWONO MATERI USAHA DAN ENERGI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: Subiki Subiki , Hamidy Ahmad Nor , Istighfarini Elma Tri , Suharsono Ferdy Yusril Hikam , Putri Sheika Fatma Diana
Published: November 2022

ABSTRAKKemajuan teknologi dan informasi yang semakin pesat mengharuskan semua orang untuk dapat beradaptasi dengan berbagai teknologi yang ada. Termasuk profesi guru yang merupakan tombak kemajuan pendidikan di suatu negara. Guru harus bisa mengikuti perkembangan zaman dan menciptakan inovasi pembelajaran yang menarik, efektif, dan efisien bagi siswa. Salah satu pemanfaatan teknologi di bidang pendidikan adalah Physics Education and Technology (PhET) Simulation. Simulasi PhET merupakan sebuah laboratorium virtual yang sangat bermanfaat terutama dalam pembelajaran sains seperti fisika, biologi, matematika, dan kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan simulasi PhET terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi usaha dan energi. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA di SMAN Plus Sukowono. Data yang di analisis adalah hasil Pre-test dan Post-test yang akan disajkan menggunakan diagram batang berbantuan excel dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen yang terdiri atas kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Phet Simulation sebagai media pembelajaran materi usaha dan energi berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPA di SMAN Plus Sukowono yang ditunjukkan dari selisih nilai rata – rata antara pre test dan post test kelas eksperimen sebesar 9,28. Kata kunci: simulasi PhET; pengaruh; usaha dan energi ABSTRACTAdvances in technology and information that are increase rapidly require everyone to be able to adapt to various existing technologies. Including the teaching profession which is the spearhead of educational progress in a country. Teachers must be able to keep up with the times and create interesting, effective, and efficient learning innovations for students. One of the uses of technology in education is Physics Education and Technology (PhET) Simulation. PhET Simulation is a virtual laboratory that is very useful especially in learning sciences such as physics, biology, mathematics, and chemistry. This study aims to determine the effect of using PhET simulation on student learning outcomes in the matter of work and energy. The population of this study were students of class XI IPA 1 at SMAN Plus Sukowono. The data analyzed are the results of the Pre-test and Post-test which will be presented using an excel-assisted bar chart. Keywords: PhET simulation; impact; effort and energy
Efficacy of new generation herbicidal combination for weed management in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: SUGANYA R. , KUMAR S. M. SURESH , BARADHAN G.
Published: November 2022

Weeds are the main yield limiting factor that can potentially reduce crop yields and is one of the main constraints in the larger scale implementation of direct seeded rice. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted at Periyanarkunam during Navarai 2021 to study the efficacy of new generation herbicidal combination for weed management in direct seeded rice. The experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice with main plot treatments comprised of three direct seeded rice establishment methods viz., dry seeded, drum seeded and manual wet seeded rice. The sub-treatments were nine weed management practices with combination of herbicides with hand weeding viz., Pre-emergence application of bensulfuron methyl 0.6%+pretilachlor 6% GR @ 10 kg/ha on 8 DAS (Days after sowing), early post- emergence application of triafamone 20%+ethoxysulfuron 10% WG @ 200 g/ha on 12 DAS, post-emergence application of metsulfuron methyl 10%+chlorimuron ethyl 10% @ 20 g/ha on 25 DAS, twice hand weeding on 25 and 45 DAS and un-weeded check. Among the main treatments, drum seeded rice recorded lower weed population and dry matter production, higher weed control efficiency, weed control index, crop resistance index and herbicide efficiency index and higher grain yield which was at par with manual wet seeded rice. Regarding the weed management practices evaluated pre-emergence application of bensulfuron methyl 0.6%+pretilachlor 6% GR @ 10 kg/ha on 8 DAS fb (followed by) post-emergence application of metsulfuron methyl 10%+chlorimuron ethyl 10% @ 20 g/ha on 25 DAS fb hand weeding on 45 DAS (S8) registered lower weed population, dry matter and higher yield compared to unweeded check. Hence, drum seeded rice coupled with pre-emergence application on 8 DAS fb post-emergence application on 25 DAS fb hand weeding on 45 DAS (M2S8) is an economically feasible method for effective control of weeds.
Legal nature and limits of application of penalty in commission legal relations in the field of military-technical cooperation
Authors: Gabov Andrey V.
Published: November 2022

The commission agreement is a familiar, well-established legal form in commercial relations, and therefore the regulation of its foundations (subject matter, essential conditions, responsibility of the parties, etc.) in domestic civil law has not undergone significant changes for a long time. At the same time, it should be noted that there are areas of economic activity, the specificity of the relations of the parties in which requires not only a revision of certain well-established ideas about the elements of a commission agreement, but also involves a special legal regulation of commission relations with “interspersed” elements that are not characteristic of traditional ideas about commission relations. One of such spheres, where this manifests itself in the most obvious, “convex” form, is military-technical cooperation. In the proposed article, the authors analyze the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the commission agreement, by-laws from the standpoint of their possible interpretation, taking into account the structure of cooperative relations of participants in the military-technical cooperation, the goals and objectives of the military-technical cooperation for the effective regulation of military-technical cooperation, approaches to judicial practice. The authors substantiate the thesis that the specifics of the commission agreement in the field of military-technical cooperation implies the possibility of applying special measures of responsibility of the committents to the commission agent - the state intermediary.
Compensation as a way to terminate an obligation: new trends
Authors: Ovchinnikova Yulia S.
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the features of the compensation as a way to terminate the obligation. The author proceeds from the fact that the compensation is a substitute for performance in order to terminate the obligation. Particular attention is paid to the question of which construction is more applicable to the compensation - a real or consensual transaction. The author formulates a conclusion about the expediency of using a real design to balance the legitimate interests of the parties. The article also concludes that an improperly executed indemnity cannot terminate the original obligation. In this regard, it is recommended to make appropriate changes to the legislation.
Protection of the rights of the debtor in the security transfer of title
Authors: Pushkina Anna V.
Published: November 2022

The article defines that the security transfer of title refers to unnamed methods of securing the performance of obligations. The main attention is paid to the security transfer of ownership. The correlation of this method of collateral with collateral is considered. It is assessed how correct it is to recognize the security transfer of ownership as a transaction aimed at circumventing the norms of the law on pledge. It is determined that the possibility of protecting the rights of the debtor directly depends on how the title security is issued. In case of incorrect execution, today the best way to protect the debtor's rights is to recognize the secured sale transaction as invalid. If legally regulated methods of title security are used - repo transactions, security factoring, leaseback - other protection mechanisms provided for these transactions can be applied. In the future, in order to protect the rights of the debtor, it would be possible to enshrine at the legislative level the emergence of a limited real right to the subject of security for the debtor and the restriction of ownership of the subject of security for the creditor.
Current and Future Trends in Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease in Asia: Expert Opinion
Authors: Kandiah Nagaendran , Choi Seong Hye , Hu Chaur-Jong , Ishii Kenji , Kasuga Kensaku , Mok Vincent C.T.
Published: November 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a substantial healthcare burden in the rapidly aging Asian population. Early diagnosis of AD, by means of biomarkers, can lead to interventions that might alter the course of the disease. The amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration (AT[N]) framework, which classifies biomarkers by their core pathophysiological features, is a biomarker measure of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Our current AD biomarker armamentarium, comprising neuroimaging biomarkers and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, while clinically useful, may be invasive and expensive and hence not readily available to patients. Several studies have also investigated the use of blood-based measures of established core markers for detection of AD, such as amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau. Furthermore, novel non-invasive peripheral biomarkers and digital biomarkers could potentially expand access to early AD diagnosis to patients in Asia. Despite the multiplicity of established and potential biomarkers in AD, a regional framework for their optimal use to guide early AD diagnosis remains lacking. A group of experts from five regions in Asia gathered at a meeting in March 2021 to review the current evidence on biomarkers in AD diagnosis and discuss best practice around their use, with the goal of developing practical guidance that can be implemented easily by clinicians in Asia to support the early diagnosis of AD. This article summarizes recent key evidence on AD biomarkers and consolidates the experts’ insights into the current and future use of these biomarkers for the screening and early diagnosis of AD in Asia.
Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch by Success History Based Adaptive Differential Evolution Salp Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Kumar Ramesh
Published: November 2022

In this study, a novel hybrid algorithm success history-based adaptive differential evolution salp swarm algorithm (SHADE-SSA) is proposed to solve two different cases of IEEE 30 bus reactive power dispatch problems integrated with thermal generators, wind farms and solar photovoltaic plants. Real power loss minimization and voltage deviation minimization are considered as main objectives in the present work. The performance and robustness of the proposed hybrid SHADE-SSA algorithm are compared with the results of five different metaheuristic algorithms for the same test system and consider the same control variables and constraints. The results of the simulation of the proposed algorithm conform to the effective choice for the solution of optimal reactive power dispatch problems of power systems.
Assessment of Temporal Variation in Hydrogeochemical Facies of River Water in the Central Himalayan Region
Authors: Sinha Kajal , Vishwakarma Chandrashekhar Azad , Dwivedi Jaya , Singh Prashant
Published: November 2022

The water quality of a region is greatly influenced by the environment and its quality is a function of rock-water interaction and anthropogenic processes. 90% of the rural population of Uttarakhand depends on rivers and springs sources for their daily uses. Therefore, water characterisation and monitoring over time is important for human health and aquatic life. The basic understanding of hydrochemistry can be extracted by a trilinear piper diagram. The study also intends to develop hydro-chemical analysis for water quality at various locations in Uttarakhand to represent four major river catchments. The study attempted over 50 locations from 2010 to 2019 during pre and post-monsoon seasons. Four anions and four cations were used to understand hydrogeochemical facies. Result reveals that the most dominant hydrogeochemical facies were Ca-Mg-HCO3 in the entire region followed by Ca-Mg-Cl or Ca-Mg-SO4 facies due to limestone-dominant geology. Na-Cl or Na-SO4 facies enhanced due to agriculture activities while NaHCO3 facies due to the rapid weathering processes along the river course over the period. The study recommended for the area where the water type is either Na-Cl or Na-SO4 or Na-HCO3, intensive water resource planning should be implemented. These areas are highly vulnerable to human health costs.
Optimisation of Defluoridation of Water by Zirconia Nanoparticles Using RSM
Authors: Hiremath Poornima G. , Prashanth G.K. , Kadli Abdul Bais , Varghese Sheril , Bhaskar Vishnu V.
Published: November 2022

In the present work, zirconia nanoparticles were investigated for the adsorption of fluoride from water. The effect of the factor variables viz., the effect of initial fluoride concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time and their interactions on adsorption of fluoride ion were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The maximum fluoride removal was around 95% at 7 pH, initial fluoride concentration of 10 ppm, adsorbent dosage of 12.5 g/L, and contact time at 105 min. To understand the adsorption mechanism of fluoride on to the nanoparticles, adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were studied. The Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and pseudo-second-order kinetics model fitted well for the fluoride removal using zirconia nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterised before and after for their adsorption using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and SEM analysis.
Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Glycemic Index and Liver Functions in Rats
Authors: Ramadhan Sadiq Jaffer , Youssef Muna Hassan , Khudair Khalisa Khadim
Published: November 2022

From a health standpoint, fluoride (F) is a vital element for humans. It had harmful effects on numerous organs when consumed in high dosages. Fluoride poisoning has been linked to liver damage. The purpose of this study was to see how sodium fluoride (Naf) affected liver function and the glycemic index in adult male albino rats. Fourteen (14) adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly and evenly divided into two groups and given the following treatments for thirty (30) days: G1 Group (Control group), were given distilled water and fed a balanced diet, G2 rats were administered water that contained 100 ppm Naf. The animals were fasted for 8-12 hours before being anesthetized and blood samples were taken by heart puncture technique at zero day (zero time) and (30) day. The following parameters were measured using the serum. The glycemic index contains (glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance), as well as liver function tests such as serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), as well as direct, indirect and total bilirubin concentration. The livers and pancreas were quickly delivered, meticulously dissected out, prepped, and viewed under a light microscope. The results demonstrated that 30 days of exposure to Naf in drinking water produced liver damage manifested by significant increases in blood ALT, AST, and GGT activity as well as significant elevation in serum bilirubin (direct, indirect and total) concentration compared to control group. A significant rise in blood glucose levels and a fall in blood insulin levels and IR were detected at the end of the experiments in Naf treated group when compared to the control. Histopathological changes in Naf treated group was observed in hepatic and pancreatic tissue manifested by generalised degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, in addition, to severe degeneration of acinar and pancreatic islet cells. In conclusion, the findings of this investigation revealed Naf therapy-induced liver damage and a change in the glycemic index in adult male rats.
Removal of Fluoride from Synthetic Wastewater Using Carbonised Saw Dust and Suspended and Immobilised Culture of Pseudomonas oleovorans Strain NITD 20 – A Comparative Study
Authors: Bishayee Bhaskar , Rai Abhilasha , Ruj Biswajit , Dutta Susmita
Published: November 2022

In the present research, three agents such as saw dust (carbonised), waste of the timber industry, suspended bacterial cells of Pseudomonas oleovorans strain NITD 20 and immobilised whole live bacterial cells were used individually for fluoride removal from synthetic wastewater. Carbonised saw dust was used first as an adsorbent at optimum conditions such as pH 7±0.2, initial fluoride concentration of 15 mg·L-1, particle size of 0.10 mm, adsorbent dose of 60 g·L-1, contact time of 10 h and stirring speed of 120 rpm, and it showed 79.04±0.196% fluoride removal. In the present study, both suspended and immobilised cells of ‘Pseudomonas oleovorans strain NITD 20’ were used for the defluoridation process. Immobilisation was done onto the carbonised saw dust. The maximum removal was observed for suspended cells at 94.5±2.1% and immobilised cells at 98±1.23% in 10 h and 8 h incubation periods, respectively, from 15 mg·L-1 fluoride containing synthetic wastewater.
On elliptic problems with Choquard term and singular nonlinearity
Authors: Choudhuri Debajyoti , Repovš Dušan D. , Saoudi Kamel
Published: November 2022

Using variational methods, we establish the existence of infinitely many solutions to an elliptic problem driven by a Choquard term and a singular nonlinearity. We further show that if the problem has a positive solution, then it is bounded a.e. in the domain Ω and is Hölder continuous.
Modal identification of building structures under unknown input conditions using extended Kalman filter and long-short term memory
Authors: Yun Da Yo , Park Hyo Seon
Published: November 2022

Various system identification (SI) techniques have been developed to ensure the sufficient structural performance of buildings. Recently, attempts have been made to solve the problem of the excessive computational time required for operational modal analysis (OMA), which is involved in SI, by using the deep learning (DL) algorithm and to overcome the limited applicability to structural problems of extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based SI technology through the development of a method enabling SI under unknown input conditions by adding a term for the input load to the algorithm. Although DL-based OMA methods and EKF-based SI techniques under unknown input conditions are being developed in various forms, they still produce incomplete identification processes when extracting the identification parameters. The neural network of the developed DL-based OMA method fails to extract all modal parameters perfectly, and EKF-based SI techniques has the limitations of a heavy algorithm and an increased computational burden with an input load term added to the algorithm. Therefore, this study proposes an EKF-based long short-term memory (EKF-LSTM) method that can identify modal parameters. The proposed EKF-LSTM method applies modal-expanded dynamic governing equations to the EKF to identify the modal parameters, where the input load used in the EKF algorithm is estimated using the LSTM method. The EKF-LSTM method can identify all modal parameters using the EKF, which is highly applicable to structural problems. Because the proposed method estimates the input load through an already trained LSTM network, there is no problem with computational burden when estimating the input load. The proposed EKF-LSTM method was verified using a numerical model with three degrees of freedom, and its effectiveness was confirmed by utilizing a steel frame structure model with three floors.
Costs of Dementia in Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kenne Malaha Angeladine , Thébaut Clémence , Achille Dayna , Preux Pierre-Marie , Guerchet Maëlenn
Published: November 2022

Background: The proportion of people living with dementia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is expected to reach 71% by 2050. Appraising the economic burden of the disease may contribute to strategic policy planning. Objective: To review studies conducted on the costs of dementia in LMICs, describe their methodology and summarize available costs estimates. Methods: Systematic review, including a search of health, economics, and social science bibliographic databases. No date or language restrictions were applied. All studies with a direct measure of the costs of dementia care were included. Results: Of the 6,843 publications reviewed, 17 studies from 11 LMICs were included. Costs of dementia tended to increase with the severity of the disease. Medical costs were greater in the mild stage, while social and informal care costs were highest in the moderate and severe stages. Annual cost estimates per patient ranged from PPP$131.0 to PPP$31,188.8 for medical costs; from PPP$16.1 to PPP$10,581.7 for social care services and from PPP$140.0 to PPP$25,798 for informal care. Overall, dementia care can cost from PPP$479.0 to PPP$66,143.6 per year for a single patient. Conclusion: Few studies have been conducted on the costs of dementia in LMICs, and none so far in Africa. There seems to be a need to provide accurate data on the burden of disease in these countries to guide public health policies in the coming decades.
A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of Therapists Delivering the Promoting Activity, Independence and Stability in Early Dementia (PrAISED) Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cowley Alison , Booth Vicky , Di Lorito Claudio , Chandria Pooja , Chadwick Olivia , Stanislas Catherine , Dunlop Marianne , Howe Louise , Harwood Rowan H. , Logan Pip A.
Published: November 2022

Background: The Promoting Activity, Independence and Stability in Early Dementia (PrAISED) intervention is a programme of physical activity and exercise designed to maintain participation in activities of daily living, mobility, and quality of life for people living with dementia. During the COVID-19 pandemic first national lockdown in England, the PrAISED physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and rehabilitation support workers adapted to delivering the intervention remotely via telephone or video conferencing. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore therapists’ experience of delivering the PrAISED intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic and derive implications for clinical practice. Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 therapists using purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. Results: Therapists reported a change in the relationship between themselves, the person with dementia and the caregiver, with an increased reliance on the caregiver and a loss of autonomy for the person living with dementia. There was concern that this would increase the burden on the caregiver. The therapists reported using creativity to adapt to different modes of delivery. They felt their sessions were mostly focused on providing social and emotional support, and that assessing, progressing, and tailoring the intervention was difficult. Conclusion: It is possible to deliver some elements of a physical intervention using remote delivery, but a dual modal approach including remote and face-to-face delivery would optimize treatment efficacy. Educational support would be required to enable people living with dementia and their caregivers to overcome barriers relating to digital literacy.
Informant-Administered Cognitive Screening as a Component of Memory Clinic Assessment: Overcoming Ethical and Practical Challenges
Authors: O’Caoimh Rónán
Published: November 2022

Possin and Rosen provide a robust commentary exploring the challenges of using caregivers as cognitive testers. Informants have an important and often overlooked role in diagnosing cognitive impairment. O’Caoimh et al. show they can support cognitive screening in advance of clinic, suggesting new research avenues including the potential for home-monitoring. Although concerns testing may engender bias, introduce practice effects, and impact patient autonomy are valid and require examination, these should be viewed in light of patient preference, clinical need, and the broader ethics of assessing dementia. The importance of distinguishing concerns over accuracy and ethical appropriateness is also discussed.
Energy-aware resource management in Internet of vehicles using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Chen Sichao , Hu Yuanchao , Huang Liejiang , Shen Dilong , Pan Yuanjun , Pan Ligang
Published: November 2022

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) presents a new generation of vehicular communications with limited computation offloading, energy and memory resources with 5G/6G technologies that have grown enormously and are being used in wide variety of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Due to the limited battery power in smart vehicles, the concept of energy consumption is one of the main and critical challenges of the IoV environments. Optimizing resource management strategies for improving the energy consumption using AI-based methods is one of important solutions in the IoV environments. There are various machine learning algorithms for selecting optimal solutions for energy-efficient resource management strategies. This paper presents the existing energy-aware resource management strategies for the IoV case studies, and performs a comparative analysis among their applied AI-based methods and machine learning algorithms. This analysis presents a technical and deeper understanding of the technical aspects of existing machine learning and AI-based algorithms that will be helpful in design of new hybrid AI approaches for optimizing resource management strategies with reducing their energy consumption.
RETRACTED: MFRCNN: Marshalled FRCNN with optimized reading order in XY tree for document layout analysis in scientific research articles
Authors: Lovelyn Rose S. , Ravitha Rajalakshmi N. , Sabari Nathan M. , Suraj Subramanian A. , Harishkumar R.
Published: November 2022

This article has been retracted. A retraction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219433.