bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caveolin‐1 deficiency induces premature senescence with mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Yu Dong‐Min , Jung Seung Hee , An Hyoung‐Tae , Lee Sungsoo , Hong Jin , Park Jun Sub , Lee Hyun , Lee Hwayeon , Bahn Myeong‐Suk , Lee Hyung Chul , Han Na‐Kyung , Ko Jesang , Lee Jae‐Seon , Ko Young‐Gyu
Published: May 2017

Paradoxical observations have been made regarding the role of caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) during cellular senescence. For example, caveolin‐1 deficiency prevents reactive oxygen species‐induced cellular senescence despite mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to senescence. To resolve this paradox, we re‐addressed the role of caveolin‐1 in cellular senescence in human diploid fibroblasts, A549, HCT116, and Cav‐1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cav‐1 deficiency (knockout or knockdown) induced cellular senescence via a p53‐p21‐dependent pathway, downregulating the expression level of the cardiolipin biosynthesis enzymes and then reducing the content of cardiolipin, a critical lipid for mitochondrial respiration. Our results showed that Cav‐1 deficiency decreased mitochondrial respiration, reduced the activity of oxidative phosphorylation complex I (CI), inactivated SIRT1, and decreased the NAD+/NADH ratio. From these results, we concluded that Cav‐1 deficiency induces premature senescence via mitochondrial dysfunction and silent information regulator 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) inactivation.
Discretionary accruals: signalling or earnings management in Australia?
Authors: Pham Hai Yen , Chung Richard Yiu‐Ming , Roca Eduardo , Bao Ben‐Hsien
Published: May 2017

We investigate the signalling effect of discretionary accruals (DAC). Although we find that discretionary accruals are insignificantly related to contemporaneous stock returns, we uncover that income‐increasing discretionary accruals of GAAP‐complying growth firms are significantly and positively related to contemporaneous stock returns. Furthermore, we find that this positive effect is stronger among firms with better corporate governance mechanisms, such as Board of Directors Independence, Audit Committee Independence and Large Shareholders’ Ownership. In addition to contemporaneous stock returns, we also find similar results with the future increase in dividends. Our findings are consistent with the argument that corporate governance can enhance the signalling effect of reported earnings of GAAP‐complying growth firms.
Duration of major and minor depressive episodes and associated risk indicators in a psychiatric epidemiological cohort study of the general population
Authors: ten Have M. , Penninx B. W. J. H. , Tuithof M. , van Dorsselaer S. , Kleinjan M. , Spijker J. , de Graaf R.
Published: May 2017

Objective

Hardly any studies exist on the duration of major depressive disorder (MDD) and factors that explain variations in episode duration that lack biases. This limits clinical decision‐making and leaves patients wondering when they will recover.

Method

Data were used from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study‐2, a psychiatric epidemiological cohort study among a nationally representative adult population. Respondents with a newly originated depressive episode were selected: 286 MDD and 107 minor depressive disorder (MinDD) cases. DSM‐IV diagnoses were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 and episode duration with the Life Chart Interview.

Results

Among MDD cases, median episode duration was 6 months, mean duration was 10.7 months, and 12% had not recovered at 36 months. Longer duration was associated with comorbid dysthymia, anxiety disorder, psychotropic medication use (i.e. antidepressants or benzodiazepines prescribed by a mental health professional), mental health care use and suicidal behaviour. Better physical and mental functioning before depression onset predicted shorter duration. Among MinDD cases, shorter median duration (3 months) but similar mean duration (8.7 months), risk of chronicity (10% not recovered at 36 months) and risk indicators for episode duration were found.

Conclusion

As the risk of chronicity was similar for MDD and MinDD, MinDD cannot be dismissed as a merely brief mood state.
Identification of a plasma miRNA biomarker signature for allergic asthma: A translational approach
Authors: Milger K. , Götschke J. , Krause L. , Nathan P. , Alessandrini F. , Tufman A. , Fischer R. , Bartel S. , Theis F. J. , Behr J. , Dehmel S. , Mueller N. S. , Kneidinger N. , Krauss‐Etschmann S.
Published: May 2017

Background

Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic disease with different phenotypes and treatment responses. Thus, there is a high clinical need for molecular disease biomarkers to aid in differentiating these distinct phenotypes. As MicroRNAs (miRNAs), that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level, are altered in experimental and human asthma, circulating miRNAs are attractive candidates for the identification of novel biomarkers.

This study aimed to identify plasmatic miRNA‐based biomarkers of asthma, through a translational approach.

Methods

We prescreened miRNAs in plasma samples from two different murine models of experimental asthma (ovalbumin and house dust mite); miRNAs deregulated in both models were further tested in a human training cohort of 20 asthma patients and 9 healthy controls. Candidate miRNAs were then validated in a second, independent group of 26 asthma patients and 12 healthy controls.

Results

Ten miRNA ratios consisting of 13 miRNAs were differentially regulated in both murine models. Measuring these miRNAs in the training cohort identified a biomarker signature consisting of five miRNA ratios (7 miRNAs). This signature showed a good sensitivity and specificity in the test cohort with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.92. Correlation of miRNA ratios with clinical characteristics further revealed associations with FVC % predicted, and oral corticosteroid or antileukotriene use.

Conclusion

Distinct plasma miRNAs are differentially regulated both in murine and in human allergic asthma and were associated with clinical characteristics of patients. Thus, we suggest that miRNA levels in plasma might have future potential to subphenotype patients with asthma.
The Australian laparoscopic radical prostatectomy learning curve
Authors: Handmer Marcus , Chabert Charles , Cohen Ronald , Gianduzzo Troy , Kearns Paul , Moon Daniel , Ooi Jason , Shannon Tom , Sofield David , Tan Andrew , Louie‐Johnsun Mark
Published: May 2017

Background

International estimates of the laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) learning curve extend to as many as 1000 cases, but is unknown for Fellowship‐trained Australian surgeons.

Methods

Prospectively collected data from nine Australian surgeons who performed 2943 consecutive LRP cases was retrospectively reviewed. Their combined initial 100 cases (F100, n = 900) were compared to their second 100 cases (S100, n = 782) with two of nine surgeons completing fewer than 200 cases.

Results

The mean age (61.1 versus 61.1 years) and prostate specific antigen (7.4 versus 7.8 ng/mL) were similar between F100 and S100. D'Amico's high‐, intermediate‐ and low‐risk cases were 15, 59 and 26% for the F100 versus 20, 59 and 21% for the S100, respectively. Blood transfusions (2.4 versus 0.8%), mean blood loss (413 versus 378 mL), mean operating time (193 versus 163 min) and length of stay (2.7 versus 2.4 days) were all lower in the S100. Histopathology was organ confined (pT2) in 76% of F100 and 71% of S100. Positive surgical margin (PSM) rate was 18.4% in F100 versus 17.5% in the S100 (P = 0.62). F100 and S100 PSM rates by pathological stage were similar with pT2 PSM 12.2 versus 9.5% (P = 0.13), pT3a PSM 34.8 versus 40.5% (P = 0.29) and pT3b PSM 52.9 versus 36.4% (P = 0.14).

Conclusion

There was no significant improvement in PSM rate between F100 and S100 cases. Perioperative outcomes were acceptable in F100 and further improved with experience in S100. Mentoring can minimize the LRP learning curve, and it remains a valid minimally invasive surgical treatment for prostate cancer in Australia even in early practice.
Predict pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: ratio body thickness/main duct
Authors: Barbier Louise , Mège Diane , Reyre Anthony , Moutardier Vincent M. , Ewald Jacques A. , Delpero Jean‐Robert
Published: May 2017

Background

The occurrence of post‐operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy is a challenging issue. The aim was to identify variables on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan, useful to predict clinically significant POPF (grades B–C) after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Methods

Patients presented POPF after pancreaticoduodenectomy were included from two tertiary referral centres. B/W ratio was defined by ratio of pancreas body thickness (B) to main pancreatic duct (W). The predictive parameters of POPF on CT scan were assessed with a receiving operator characteristics (ROC) curve and intrinsic characteristics.

Results

Between 2010 and 2013, 186 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy were included. POPF occurred in 25% of them, and was clinically significant in 13%. After univariate analysis, endocrine tumours (P = 0.03), main pancreatic duct size (P < 0.01) and B/W ratio (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with POPF. ROC curve showed a greater area under curve for B/W ratio (0.68) than for main pancreatic duct size (0.33). A 3.8 threshold displayed 80 and 51% for sensibility and specificity, respectively, and a negative predictive value of 94%. A B/W ratio >3.8 increased the rates of post‐operative haemorrhage (odds ratio = 4.3 (1.4–13.2), P = 0.01), and reintervention (odds ratio = 3.4 (1.2–9.6), P = 0.02).

Conclusions

B/W ratio superior to 3.8 assessed on preoperative CT scan may be an easy tool to predict clinically significant POPF after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Medial sural artery perforator free flap for the reconstruction of leg, foot and ankle defect: an excellent option
Authors: Balan Jyoshid R.
Published: May 2017

Background

The defects over the leg, foot and ankle are best covered with a thin pliable flap. The use of muscle flap for the reconstruction of these defects leaves a grafted, aesthetically inferior result. The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) free flap gives a thin pliable tissue for the reconstruction with better aesthesis.

Methods

The study design was retrospective case analysis over a period of 2 years. All the patients who underwent flap for leg, foot and ankle defect reconstruction in the form of MSAP free flap were included in the study. The flap characteristics and aesthesis were assessed along with the patient satisfaction. The flap complication and donor site morbidity were also analysed.

Results

A total of seven MSAP free flaps were done for leg, foot and ankle reconstruction. The mean flap size was 14.29 × 6.6 cm and mean pedicle length was 9.71 cm. One flap had venous congestion post‐operatively resulting in marginal flap loss. All the flaps had acceptable aesthesis with good patient satisfaction. There was donor site morbidity in two patients, in the form of wound dehiscence.

Conclusion

MSAP free flap is a reliable choice for leg, foot and ankle defect reconstruction.
One oxygen breath shortened the time to return of spontaneous circulation in severely asphyxiated piglets
Authors: Linner Rikard , Cunha‐Goncalves Doris , Perez‐de‐Sa Valeria
Published: May 2017

Aim

Asphyxiated neonates should be resuscitated with air, but it remains unclear if oxygen supplementation is needed in ineffectively ventilated newborn infants. We studied the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) with oxygen or air in an experimental model of inadequate ventilation.

Methods

Asphyxia was induced in 16 newborn piglets until their heart rate was <60 bpm or mean arterial pressure (MAP) <30 mmHg. During the first 10 minutes of resuscitation, they received one breath per minute of oxygen (n = 8) or air (n = 8). Tidal volume was 7.5 mL/kg. If MAP was <30 mmHg for 15 seconds, closed‐chest cardiac massage (CCCM) was performed for 45 seconds. From 10 minutes onward, all piglets received normal ventilation with air. ROSC was defined as a heart rate >150 bpm, MAP >40 mmHg and no subsequent CCCM.

Results

Before resuscitation, the median arterial pH was 6.73. At 10 minutes, no piglets in the oxygen group needed CCCM, while all did in the air group (p < 0.001). The median time to ROSC was 60 seconds with oxygen and 845 seconds with air (p < 0.001). No brain tissue hyperoxia occurred.

Conclusion

When ventilation was inadequate, one oxygen breath reduced time to ROSC in piglets with severe metabolic and respiratory acidosis.
Fluoxetine and congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Gao Shan‐Yan , Wu Qi‐Jun , Zhang Tie‐Ning , Shen Zi‐Qi , Liu Cai‐Xia , Xu Xin , Ji Chao , Zhao Yu‐Hong
Published: May 2017

Aims

To investigate the safety of fluoxetine use during pregnancy, and to better understand the relationship between maternal fluoxetine use during the first trimester and congenital malformations in infants.

Methods

PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to 21 March 2016. Additional studies were identified in a manual search of the reference lists. Two reviewers independently extracted data. A third reviewer checked the data. Estimates were pooled using a random‐effects model to calculate the summarized relative ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Among 1918 initially identified articles, 16 cohort studies were included. The offspring of pregnant women exposed to fluoxetine during the first trimester had a statistically increased risk of major malformations (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.08–1.29), cardiovascular malformations (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.17–1.59), septal defects (RR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.19–1.61), and non‐septal defects (RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.12–1.73) with low heterogeneity in infants. There were no significant observations of other system‐specific malformations in the nervous system, eye, urogenital system, digestive system, respiratory system, or musculoskeletal system, respectively. There was no indication of publication bias.

Conclusions

The results of this meta‐analysis indicate maternal fluoxetine use is associated with a slightly increased risk of cardiovascular malformations in infants. Health care providers and pregnant women must weigh the risk–benefit potential of these drugs when making decisions about whether to treat with fluoxetine during pregnancy.
Protective effects of dioscin against cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity via the microRNA‐34a/sirtuin 1 signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yimeng , Tao Xufeng , Yin Lianhong , Xu Lina , Xu Youwei , Qi Yan , Han Xu , Song Shasha , Zhao Yanyan , Lin Yuan , Liu Kexin , Peng Jinyong
Published: May 2017

Background and Purpose

Dioscin exhibits a range of pharmacological actions but little is known of its effects on cisplatin (CDDP)‐induced nephrotoxicity. Here, we have assessed the effects and the possible mechanisms of dioscin against CDDP‐induced nephrotoxicity.

Experimental Approach

We used an in vivo model of CDDP‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats and mice and, in vitro, cultures of NRK‐52E and HK‐2 cells. The dual luciferase reporter assay was used to demonstrate modulation, by dioscin, of the targeting of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) by microRNA (miR)‐34a. Molecular docking assays were used to analyse the effects of dioscin with Sirt1, Keap1 and NF‐κB.

Key Results

Dioscin attenuated cell damage in vitro and decreased renal injury in rats and mice, treated with CDDP. In terms of mechanisms, dioscin reversed CDDP‐induced up‐regulation of miR‐34a and thus up‐regulated Sirt1 levels. In addition, dioscin altered levels of haem oxygenase 1, glutathione‐cysteine ligase subunits (GCLC, GCLM) and Keap1, along with increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2, thus decreasing oxidative stress. Also, dioscin affected levels of AP‐1, COX‐2, HMGB1, IκB‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α and decreased the ratio of acetylated NF‐κB and normal NF‐κB, to suppress inflammation. From molecular docking assays, dioscin directly bound to Sirt1, Keap1 and NF‐κBp65 by hydrogen bonding and/or hydrophobic interactions.

Conclusions and Implications

Our results have linked CDDP‐induced nephrotoxicity and the miR‐34a/Sirt1 signalling pathway, which was modulated by dioscin. This natural product could be developed as a new candidate to alleviate CDDP‐induced renal injury.
The Dickkopf1‐cytoskeleton‐associated protein 4 axis creates a novel signalling pathway and may represent a molecular target for cancer therapy
Authors: Kikuchi Akira , Fumoto Katsumi , Kimura Hirokazu
Published: May 2017

Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) is a secreted protein and antagonizes oncogenic Wnt signalling by binding to the Wnt co‐receptor, low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 6. DKK1 has also been suggested to regulate its own signalling, associated with tumour aggressiveness. However, the underlying mechanism by which DKK1 promotes cancer cell proliferation has remained to be clarified for a long time. The cytoskeleton‐associated protein 4 (CKAP4), originally identified as an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, was recently found to act as a novel DKK1 receptor. DKK1 stimulates cancer cell proliferation when CKAP4 is expressed on the cell surface membrane. Although there are no tyrosine residues in the intracellular region of CKAP4, CKAP4 forms a complex with PI3K upon the binding of DKK1, leading to the activation of Akt. Both DKK1 and CKAP4 are frequently expressed in pancreatic and lung tumours, and their simultaneous expression is negatively correlated with prognosis. Knockdown of CKAP4 in cancer cells and treatment of mice with the anti‐CKAP4 antibody inhibit Akt activity in cancer cells and suppress xenograft tumour formation, suggesting that CKAP4 may represent a therapeutic target for cancers expressing both DKK1 and CKAP4. This review will provide details of the novel DKK1‐CKAP4 signalling axis that promotes cancer proliferation and discuss the possibility of targeting this pathway in future cancer drug development.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc
Effects of China's Structural Change on the Exports of East Asian Economies
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Hoon , Park Donghyun , Shin Kwanho
Published: May 2017

The Chinese economy is slowing down and is in the midst of a structural transformation from export‐led and investment‐led growth to domestic demand‐led and consumption‐led growth. While there are widespread concerns among China's trading partners about the effect of the slowdown in China's growth on their exports, China's structural changes are also likely to have a significant impact: for example, China will import fewer machines and more cosmetics. The central objective of the present paper is to empirically examine the effect of China's structural transformation on the exports of East Asian economies, which have close trade linkages with China. We find that economies that have failed to increase the share of consumption goods in their exports to China have suffered larger declines in their quantities of exports to China. In addition, economies that have suffered losses in their shares of China's parts and components imports have faced reductions in their shares in China's total imports.
Environmental Efficiency and the Optimal Size of Chinese Cities
Authors: Wu Jianxin , Wu Yanrui , Wang Bing
Published: May 2017

The spatial distribution of population and economic activities has important impacts on both economic growth and the environment. This paper uses a slack‐based measure to estimate the total factor environmental efficiency (TFEE) of 286 Chinese prefectural‐and‐above cities for the period 2002–2013. In particular, the relationship between city size and TFEE is investigated. The findings also show an inverted U‐shaped relationship between TFEE and city size, which implies an optimal city size of 16.68 million residents in China. According to this estimate, most Chinese cities may be undersized due to the migration restrictions of the hukou registration system and, hence, suffer from great environmental efficiency losses. The estimated low average TFEE value of Chinese cities also suggests the large potential for efficiency improvement. Thus, government policies should focus on relaxing migration restrictions and encouraging the development of large cities.
Aquagenic cutaneous disorders
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhao Yu‐Kun , Luo Ze‐Yu , Gao Qian , Wu Wei , Sarkar Rashmi , Luo Di‐Qing
Published: May 2017

Aquagenic cutaneous disorders, which include aquagenic urticaria, aquagenic pruritus, and aquagenic acrokeratoderma, are a group of rare diseases characterized by skin lesions or discomfort induced by brief contact with water. Aquagenic urticaria is characterized by pruritic wheals that occur at the sites of water contact, either immediately or within minutes, and disappear within 30–60 min after water removal. Aquagenic pruritus presents with severe pruritus or a stinging, tingling, or burning sensation without any visible skin changes. These symptoms occur immediately or within minutes after the skin is exposed to water, lasting for one hour or longer. Aquagenic acrokeratoderma usually presents with whitish papules and plaques, edema, and hyperwrinkling within 2–20 min after brief exposure to water; symptoms disappear within minutes to one hour after drying. The pathomechanisms of these diseases are not yet fully understood, and their diagnosis is primarily based on clinical features. Treatment remains a challenge. Herein, we review the literature regarding these unusual disorders.
Mental health outcomes of developmental coordination disorder in late adolescence
Authors: Harrowell Ian , Hollén Linda , Lingam Raghu , Emond Alan
Published: May 2017

Aim

To assess the relationship between developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and mental health outcomes in late adolescence.

Method

Data were analyzed from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Moderate‐to‐severe DCD was defined at 7 to 8 years according to the DSM‐IV‐TR criteria. Mental health was assessed at 16 to 18 years using self‐reported questionnaires: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire, and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well‐being Scale. Logistic and linear regressions assessed the associations between DCD and mental health, using multiple imputation to account for missing data. Adjustments were made for socio‐economic status, IQ, and social communication difficulties.

Results

Adolescents with DCD (n=168) had an increased risk of mental health difficulties (total Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire score) than their peers (n=3750) (odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.12–2.83, adjusted for socio‐economic status and IQ). This was, in part, mediated through poor social communication skills. Adolescent females with DCD (n=59) were more prone to mental health difficulties than males. Greater mental well‐being was associated with better self‐esteem (β 0.82, p<0.001).

Interpretation

Individuals with DCD, particularly females, had increased risk of mental health difficulties in late adolescence. Interventions that aim to promote resilience in DCD should involve improving social communication skills and self‐esteem.
Mitral valve aneurysms: Clinical characteristics, echocardiographic abnormalities, and possible mechanisms of formation
Authors: Pena José Luiz B. , Bomfim Tarciso O. , Fortes Paulo R. L. , Simão‐Filho Charles , de Souza Andrade‐Filho José
Published: May 2017

Aims

Mitral valve aneurysms (MVA) are most frequently associated with endocarditis. Echocardiography is the method of choice for diagnosis, and color flow imaging is an important, easy method to detect MVA ruptures. We aimed to study the clinical and echocardiographic findings and their relation to the mechanism of aneurysm formation.

Methods and Results

We reviewed clinical and echocardiographic records of 18 patients during a 17‐year period, corresponding to 0.02% of the total studies performed at our institution. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), and all except two underwent transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). The aneurysm was located either on the anterior leaflet (16 cases) or on the posterior leaflet (two cases). In seven cases, the probable aneurysm formation mechanism was an aortic regurgitant jet striking the anterior mitral leaflet. Perforation was present in 17 (94.4%) patients, and 10 (55.5%) cases presented more than one aneurysm. No patients underwent surgery exclusively because of the echocardiography finding.

Conclusion

Different etiologies and formation mechanisms can occur in MVA. Echocardiography plays a fundamental role, providing meticulous examination of the mitral valve anatomy and flow. Unlike standard recommendations, clinical management is possible, and diagnosis does not imply immediate surgical correction.
Giant torturous left circumflex artery draining to the right atrium
Authors: Eremiasova Lenka , Kuchynka Petr , Lambert Lukas , Palecek Tomas
Published: May 2017

Coronary artery anomalies represent a diverse group of congenital disorders characterized by abnormalities of coronary arteries anatomy. We describe an extremely rare case of giant torturous left circumflex artery draining to the right atrium manifesting by palpitations and atrial fibrillation.
KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS AND OUTPUT PER WORKER: AN INDUSTRY‐LEVEL ANALYSIS FOR OECD COUNTRIES
Authors: Bournakis Ioannis , Christopoulos Dimitris , Mallick Sushanta
Published: May 2017

This study analyzes the impact of knowledge spillovers on output per worker at the industry level using a primal production function approach. The article makes three different contributions to the international spillovers literature: (1) it identifies trade‐related spillovers under alternative assumptions regarding the information transferred through imports; (2) it explores the importance of horizontal and vertical foreign direct investment (FDI) in knowledge spillovers; and (3) it looks at how institutional factors determine the impact of FDI‐related spillovers on productivity. The main findings of the study are: (1) international knowledge spillover is an important driver of industry output per worker, and the magnitude of this spillover effect varies with alternative assumptions about the information content embodied in imports, while high technology industries benefit significantly more from import‐related knowledge spillovers; and (2) the gains from FDI spillovers are primarily horizontal, but when institutional factors are considered, countries with stronger protection of intellectual property rights and a high “ease of doing business” tend to experience a substantial increase in the effectiveness of both horizontal and vertical FDI‐related spillovers. (JEL E24, F1, F6, O3, O4)
Defining a multimodal signature of remote sports concussions
Authors: Tremblay Sébastien , Iturria‐Medina Yasser , Mateos‐Pérez José María , Evans Alan C. , De Beaumont Louis
Published: May 2017

Sports‐related concussions lead to persistent anomalies of the brain structure and function that interact with the effects of normal ageing. Although post‐mortem investigations have proposed a bio‐signature of remote concussions, there is still no clear in vivo signature. In the current study, we characterized white matter integrity in retired athletes with a history of remote concussions by conducting a full‐brain, diffusion‐based connectivity analysis. Next, we combined MRI diffusion markers with MR spectroscopic, MRI volumetric, neurobehavioral and genetic markers to identify a multidimensional in vivo signature of remote concussions. Machine learning classifiers trained to detect remote concussions using this signature achieved detection accuracies up to 90% (sensitivity: 93%, specificity: 87%). These automated classifiers identified white matter integrity as the hallmark of remote concussions and could provide, following further validation, a preliminary unbiased detection tool to help medical and legal experts rule out concussion history in patients presenting or complaining about late‐life abnormal cognitive decline.
Managing Selling Coopetition: A Case Study of the ERP industry
Authors: Pellegrin‐Boucher Estelle , Le Roy Frédéric , Gurău' Călin
Published: May 2017

Managing coopetition is important for the success of coopetition strategies. Past studies on the management of coopetition are largely dedicated to R&D coopetition. However, selling coopetition is an important phenomenon that is quite different from R&D coopetition. In this research, we therefore focus on the management of selling coopetition and build on past studies to formalize a framework that combines two complementary principles: separation and integration. We then evaluate the relevance of this framework for managing selling coopetitive agreements by studying how firms from the ERP industry manage their coopetitive selling. The results show that the principles of separation and integration are present but not sufficient to manage selling coopetition. We underline that a third principle, internal arbitration, is a key element in managing selling coopetition. To our knowledge, this is the first study specifically dedicated to the management of selling coopetition.
The role of the model in mate‐choice copying in female zebra finches
Authors: Kniel Nina , Müller Katharina , Witte Klaudia
Published: May 2017

Previous studies have shown that zebra finch females copy the mate choice of other females by choosing a mate of the same phenotype as the one chosen by another female (model). Little is known about the influence of the model female on the mate choice of the observing female. Therefore, we investigated the role of the model female in mate‐choice copying by manipulating her phenotype. Test females could choose between an unadorned male and an artificially adorned male, that is, wearing a red feather on the forehead. During a 2h observation period, test females could observe a single male in one cage and a male–female pair in another cage. In treatment one, the single male was unadorned and both the male and the female of the pair (model female) were adorned. In treatment two, the single male was adorned, the male of the pair unadorned and the model female adorned. Afterwards, test females could again choose between two new males, one adorned and one unadorned. In treatment one, test females first showed no preference for one of the two males, but avoided adorned males after the observation period. In treatment two, test females lost an initial preference for unadorned males after the observation period. In both treatments, test females did not copy the mate choice of the adorned model female. Adorned model females seemed to have a negative influence on the attractiveness of their mates' phenotype. Test females might have recognised model females as females of a different phenotype within their species which are adapted to different environmental conditions, or even have recognised model females as a female of another species. Our study demonstrates the important role of the model female in the complex public information network in zebra finches.
Global forest carbon uptake due to nitrogen and phosphorus deposition from 1850 to 2100
Authors: Wang Rong , Goll Daniel , Balkanski Yves , Hauglustaine Didier , Boucher Olivier , Ciais Philippe , Janssens Ivan , Penuelas Josep , Guenet Bertrand , Sardans Jordi , Bopp Laurent , Vuichard Nicolas , Zhou Feng , Li Bengang , Piao Shilong , Peng Shushi , Huang Ye , Tao Shu
Published: May 2017

Spatial patterns and temporal trends of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition are important for quantifying their impact on forest carbon (C) uptake. In a first step, we modeled historical and future change in the global distributions of the atmospheric deposition of N and P from the dry and wet deposition of aerosols and gases containing N and P. Future projections were compared between two scenarios with contrasting aerosol emissions. Modeled fields of N and P deposition and P concentration were evaluated using globally distributed in situ measurements. N deposition peaked around 1990 in European forests and around 2010 in East Asian forests, and both increased sevenfold relative to 1850. P deposition peaked around 2010 in South Asian forests and increased 3.5‐fold relative to 1850. In a second step, we estimated the change in C storage in forests due to the fertilization by deposited N and P (∆Cν dep), based on the retention of deposited nutrients, their allocation within plants, and C:N and C:P stoichiometry. ∆Cν dep for 1997–2013 was estimated to be 0.27 ± 0.13 Pg C year−1 from N and 0.054 ± 0.10 Pg C year−1 from P, contributing 9% and 2% of the terrestrial C sink, respectively. Sensitivity tests show that uncertainty of ∆Cν dep was larger from P than from N, mainly due to uncertainty in the fraction of deposited P that is fixed by soil. ∆CP dep was exceeded by ∆CN dep over 1960–2007 in a large area of East Asian and West European forests due to a faster growth in N deposition than P. Our results suggest a significant contribution of anthropogenic P deposition to C storage, and additional sources of N are needed to support C storage by P in some Asian tropical forests where the deposition rate increased even faster for P than for N.
Sense of coherence and oral health in older adults in Southern Brazil
Authors: Possebon Anna Paula da Rosa , Martins Ana Paula Pinto , Danigno Júlia Freire , Langlois Caroline de Oliveira , Silva Alexandre Emidio Ribeiro
Published: May 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between sense of coherence and oral health among older adults treated at family health units in southern Brazil.

Material and methods

The sample was composed of 164 individuals aged 60 years old or older. Socio‐demographic and oral health variables were collected using a standardised questionnaire. Sense of coherence (SOC) was measured with the questionnaire proposed by Antonovsky containing 29 closed‐ended questions. Poisson regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with SOC.

Results

Among the 164 older adults, 53.9% were edentate, 54.5% did not need any type of dental prosthesis, and 82.1% had good/adequate self‐assessed oral health. The multivariate analysis revealed lower SOC scores among non‐white individuals [Mean Ratio (MR)=0.94; 95% CI: 0.91‐0.97; P<.001], with poor/very poor self‐assessed oral health (MR=0.85; 95% CI: 0.78‐0.91; P<.001) and with one or more teeth present in the oral cavity (MR=0.94; 95% CI: 0.91‐0.97; P<.001).

Conclusion

The present results show that older adults who are self‐reported as non‐white, with one or more teeth in the oral cavity and with poor/very poor self‐assessed oral health have lower SOC scores.
Effects of argument quality, source credibility and self‐reported diabetes knowledge on message attitudes: an experiment using diabetes related messages
Authors: Lin Tung‐Cheng , Hwang Lih‐Lian , Lai Yung‐Jye
Published: May 2017

Background

Previous studies have reported that credibility and content (argument quality) are the most critical factors affecting the quality of health information and its acceptance and use; however, this causal relationship merits further investigation in the context of health education. Moreover, message recipients' prior knowledge may moderate these relationships.

Objectives

This study used the elaboration likelihood model to determine the main effects of argument quality, source credibility and the moderating effect of self‐reported diabetes knowledge on message attitudes.

Methods

A between‐subjects experimental design using an educational message concerning diabetes for manipulation was applied to validate the effects empirically. A total of 181 participants without diabetes were recruited from the Department of Health, Taipei City Government. Four group messages were manipulated in terms of argument quality (high and low) × source credibility (high and low).

Results

Argument quality and source credibility of health information significantly influenced the attitude of message recipients. The participants with high self‐reported knowledge participants exhibited significant disapproval for messages with low argument quality.

Conclusion

Effective health information should provide objective descriptions and cite reliable sources; in addition, it should provide accurate, customised messages for recipients who have high background knowledge level and ability to discern message quality.
HER2 assessment in locally advanced gastric cancer: comparing the results obtained with the use of two primary tumour blocks versus those obtained with the use of all primary tumour blocks
Authors: Xu Chen , Liu Yalan , Jiang Dongxian , Ge Xiaowen , Zhang Ying , Su Jieakesu , Zeng Haiying , Huang Jie , Ji Yuan , Hou Jun , Sun Yihong , Shen Kuntang , Liu Tianshu , Hou Yingyong , Qin Jing
Published: May 2017

Aims

HER2 is currently the only biomarker used to select eligible patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) for targeted therapy. The aims of this study were to verify the value of dual‐block HER2 assessment and to explore whether increasing the block number is more beneficial by carrying out a randomized prospective cohort study in which dual‐block and all‐block HER2 assessment were compared in resected specimens of GC.

Methods and results

Five hundred and forty‐nine resected GC specimens were randomly enrolled into two cohorts: a dual‐block group (n = 274) with two primary tumour blocks tested, and an all‐block group (n = 275) with all primary tumour blocks tested. Immunohistochemical staining of HER2 was performed. For HER2‐equivocal (2+) cases, fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) was performed. As compared with single‐block assessment, dual‐block assessment increased the HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC)‐positive (3+) rate. The rate with dual‐block assessment (11.3%) was significantly higher than that with block 1 assessment (8.8%) (P = 0.016) and block 2 assessment (9.1%) (P = 0.031). Similarly, all‐block assessment demonstrated a higher HER2 3+ rate (12.4%) than single‐block assessment (block 1, 6.5%; block 2, 6.2%; block 3, 7.2%; block 4, 8.7%) (P < 0.05). HER2 3+ rates of all‐block and dual‐block assessments showed no significant difference (P = 0.703). After IHC and FISH results had been combined, the HER2‐positive rate with all‐block assessment (13.5%) was slightly higher than that with dual‐block assessment (12.0%), although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.62).

Conclusions

Dual‐block immunohistochemical assessment is an effective, practical and economic approach that is suitable for the preliminary screening of HER2. We recommend that dual‐block HER2 assessment be routinely performed on resected specimens of GC. All‐block assessment can be a supplement to dual‐block assessment if necessary.
Myxoid fibroadenomas differ from conventional fibroadenomas: a hypothesis‐generating study
Authors: Lozada John R , Burke Kathleen A , Maguire Aoife , Pareja Fresia , Lim Raymond S , Kim Jisun , Gularte‐Merida Rodrigo , Murray Melissa P , Brogi Edi , Weigelt Britta , Reis‐Filho Jorge S , Geyer Felipe C
Published: May 2017

Aims

Breast myxoid fibroadenomas (MFAs) are characterized by a distinctive hypocellular myxoid stroma, and occur sporadically or in the context of Carney complex, an inheritable condition caused by PRKAR1A‐inactivating germline mutations. Conventional fibroadenomas (FAs) are underpinned by recurrent MED12 mutations in the stromal components of the lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic landscape of MFAs and compare it with that of conventional FAs.

Methods and results

Eleven MFAs from patients without clinical and/or genetic evidence of Carney complex were retrieved. DNA samples of tumour and matching normal tissue were subjected to massively parallel sequencing using the Memorial Sloan Kettering‐Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK‐IMPACT) assay, an assay targeting 410 cancer genes. Genetic alterations detected by MSK‐IMPACT were tested in samples in which the stromal and epithelial components were separately laser capture‐microdissected. Sequencing revealed no germline PRKAR1A mutations and non‐synonymous mutations in six MFAs. Interestingly, in three of the MFAs in which the stromal and epithelial components were separately microdissected, the mutations were found to be restricted to the epithelial rather than the stromal component. The sole exception was a lesion harbouring a somatic truncating PRKAR1A mutation. Upon histological re‐review, this case was reclassified as a breast myxoma, consistent with the spectrum of tumous observed in Carney complex patients. In this case, the PRKAR1A somatic mutation was restricted to the stromal component.

Conclusion

MFAs lack MED12 mutations, and their stromal components seem not to harbour mutations in the 410 cancer genes tested. Whole‐exome and/or whole‐genome analyses of MFAs are required to elucidate their genetic drivers.
Organic whey as a source of Lactobacillus strains with selected technological and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Rzepkowska Anna , Zielińska Dorota , Ołdak Aleksandra , Kołożyn‐Krajewska Danuta
Published: May 2017

Twenty‐five strains, isolated from raw, non‐pasteurised, organic whey samples, were identified phenotypically and genotypically. Biochemical tests were performed, and enzyme profiles, antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial properties were investigated. Sixteen strains were identified as genus Lactobacillus. Based on 16S rDNA gene sequence, the strains were identified as Lb. plantarum and Lb. fermentum. All of the strains had β‐galactosidase activity, and some of them reduced nitrate content. All strains utilised carbohydrates. The tested strains were characterised by low or average lipolytic and esterolytic activity. Moreover, the strains showed low proteolytic activity which is advantageous for their use as starter cultures for foods with low protein content. Strains Lb. fermentum S20, SM1, SM3, S2R and Lb. plantarum SM5 produced harmful N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase; moreover, the strain S20 produced also β‐glucuronidase. None of the strains produced α‐chymotrypsin. In phenotypic studies, most of the test strains were susceptible to gentamicin, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, penicillin and erythromycin. Strains Lb. plantarum S1 and Lb. fermentum S4, S7, S8, S10, SM1 and SM3 did not possess any transfer resistance genes. Antagonistic activity of the culture LAB strains was assessed as high or moderate in relation to the indicator strains, with the greatest zones of inhibition for E.coli and the smallest for L. monocytogenes ATCC 15313. This study reveals that the LAB strains isolated from organic whey have high potential for food application. Some strains of species Lb. fermentum (S4, S7, S8, S10) have been identified as the best candidates.
Factors affecting a face-to-face learning event
Authors: Micallef Ricarda , Kayyali Reem
Published: May 2017

Background

Pharmacy professionals have multiple opportunities to attend learning events run by a series of providers. However, there has never been a large-scale evaluation of events. Currently, formats of learning sessions differ by provider with no optimum model identified. Pharmacy Education South London was formed in April 2014 for the provision of education and training for pharmacy professionals in South London, running sessions multiple times across various locations.

Objective

The objective of this work was to identify factors that influence the perceived success of a face-to-face supplementary education and training event from the perspective of attendees.

Methods

Evaluation forms from 600 participants at training events followed by semi-structured individual interviews with 11 participants.

Key findings

Participants over 55 years were more likely to attend lecture style events versus those aged under 25 years who attended more workshops (P < 0.001); there was no correlation with gender. About 57.3% (n = 344) of participants agreed fully that the event increased their understanding of the topics, although only 38.5% (n = 231) stated that it would change their practice. Themes influencing an event fell into three broad themes: personal reasons affecting attendance, success factors for the session and application of learning, all with related subthemes. Subthemes included commitments, convenience, awareness, topic and personal relevance, content and delivery and reference, review and action.

Conclusions

In publicising events, the topic, including the driver for the topic and the skills that will be obtained, the speaker and their experience plus how learning can be applied after the event should be included.
Treatment and outcomes of patients presenting to an adult emergency department involuntarily with substance misuse
Authors: Hughes James A. , Sheehan Maureen , Evans Jill
Published: May 2017

Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use is common in our society. The use of these substances flow throughout all areas of healthcare, and is especially prevalent in patients presenting to the emergency department with signs of mental illness. At the extreme end of these presentations patients present involuntarily with either police or ambulance officers. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the population presenting to the ED involuntarily with and without substance misuse as a precipitating factor. Quantitative descriptive analysis was used to describe this population between April and June 2015. In patients presenting to one large inner city emergency department involuntarily, 30% had alcohol or other drug misuse as a precipitating factor. Patients who involuntarily presented with alcohol and other misuse stay longer in the emergency department then others that do not have alcohol or other drug misuse. These patients represent frequently, with over 50% representing at 90 days however this was not associated with alcohol or other drug misuse. Almost all patients who present involuntarily are discharged home post review by a mental health team. Significant improvements in care can be made in this population if the opportunistic treatment of both mental illness and AOD misuse is completed in the emergency department.
“Combining equity and utilitarianism”—additional insights into a novel approach
Authors: Gerdessen Johanna C. , Kanellopoulos Argyris , Claassen G.D.H. (Frits)
Published: May 2017

Recently, a novel approach (to be referred to as CEU) was introduced for the frequently arising problem of combining the conflicting criteria of equity and utilitarianism. This paper provides additional insights into CEU and assesses its added value for practice by comparing it with a commonly used extended goal programming (EGP) approach. The comparison comprises the way of balancing equity and utilitarianism, the number and spacing of solutions, discrete versus continuous nature, method‐specific parameters, distance to the Pareto front, and computational effort. CEU balances between equity and utilitarianism in a way that is basically different from using a convex combination of these two criteria. Moreover, CEU's parameter has an intuitive interpretation. The set of solutions generated by CEU is smaller and more widely spaced than EGP's set of solutions, which can be an advantage for the decision maker. CEU generates solutions on the Pareto front of the decision maker's n‐criteria problem. However, CEU's way of balancing equity and utilitarianism causes a (small) distance to the Pareto front of the associated bicriteria problem on the aggregate criteria. Reporting this distance will support the decision maker to assess whether the achieved balance is worth its price. Using CEU may require a larger computational effort than using EGP.