bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Puisi Pendidikan Solusi Penyelesaian Permasalahan Kedamaian di Patani Selatan Thai
Authors: Jehwae Phaosan , Japakiya Abdulfattah
Published: February 2024

This paper is the result of an investigation that aims to 1) synthesize social problems in Patani i.e., the three southern border regions of Thailand (known as Patani), 2) compose poems that reflect social problems, and 3) create youth responsibility for social problems in the southern border regions of Thailand. This research is quasi-experimental research. The instruments used in this research are 1) a synthetic form of social problems in the three southern border provinces of Thailand, 2) a contemporary Malay poet PUISI assessment form, and 3) a PUISIDRA competition rubric assessment model. The sample group used in the study was A total of 120 youths in the southern border provinces conducted self-data collection, there are 3 stages in the process, consisting of 1) pre-writing poetry, 2) poetry writing process, and 3) post-responsibility stage of social problems. The results showed that the synthesis of social problems in the three southern border provinces of Thailand into 10 problems, as follows: 1) education problem 2) security problem 3) violence problem 4) drug problem 5) adultery problem 6) technology problem 7) religion problem 8) filial piety problem 9) economic problem and 10) corruption problem. There are also poetry compositions reflecting social problems. The poems that have been written are 100 poems, which amount to 124 pages. Creation of youth responsibility for social problems in three southern border provinces of Thailand
Analisis pengaruh jumlah daun propeller dan temperatur air laut terhadap laju korosi dalam menentukan umur pakai propeller perahu nelayan tradisional
Authors: Misra Jaya  , Ahmad Munawir  , Rudi Harun Irwansyah  , Asnawi
Published: February 2024

Propeller menjadi salah satu faktor keselamatan kapal dan awak kapal maka dari itu propeller yang digunakan harus bisa menjamin keamanan dalam berlayar atau mencari ikan. Salah satu kegagalan pada propeller perahu nelayan disebabkan oleh kerusakan atau korosi. Salah satu cara untuk mengetahui penyebab dari kegagalan yang terjadi pada propeller adalah dilakukan pengujian kandungan komposisi dari propeller. Tujuan pengujian tersebut adalah mengetahui jenis dari aluminium paduannya. Kemudian dilakukan uji kekerasan dan laju korosi untuk estimasi korosi akibat dari air laut. Pengujian tersebut dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jumlah daun propeller dan temperatur air laut terhadap laju korosi. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh laju korosifitas pada propeller dengan jumlah daun yang berbeda serta temperaur air laut yang berbeda pada perahu nelayan tradisional.
Propellers are one of the safety factors for ships and crew. Therefore, the propellers used must guarantee safety when sailing or fishing. One of the failures in fishing boat propellers is caused by damage or corrosion. One way to find out the cause of a failure that occurs in a propeller is to test the composition of the propeller. The purpose of this test is to find out the type of aluminum alloy. Hardness and corrosion rate tests were then carried out to estimate corrosion due to seawater. This test was carried out to analyze the effect of the number of propeller blades and seawater temperature on the corrosion rate. This research aims to investigate the impact of the rate of corrosivity on propellers with different numbers of leaves and seawater temperatures on traditional fishing boats.
Impacts of COVID-19 on Public Universities in Brazil: A Machine Learning Counterfactual Analysis
Authors: Rossi R.
Published: February 2024

This study delves into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the enrollment rates of on-site undergraduate programs within Brazilian public universities. Employing the Machine Learning Control Method, a counterfactual scenario was constructed in which the pandemic did not occur. By contrasting this hypothetical scenario with real-world data on new entrants, a variable was defined to characterize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on on-site undergraduate programs at Brazilian public universities. This variable reveals that the impact factor varies significantly when considering the geographical locations of the institutions offering these courses. Courses offered by institutions located in smaller population cities experienced a more pronounced impact compared to those situated in larger urban centers.
Influencers y marcas de moda de lujo en Instagram. Efectos de las acciones mediadas por prescriptores en la relación con el usuario
Authors: Blanco Sánchez Tania , Moreno Albarracín Belén
Published: February 2024

Los influencers ejercen en Instagram como imágenes de marcas que trascienden la suya personal. No obstante, se registra una escasez de investigaciones centradas en el vínculo que se genera entre la marca y el usuario como resultado de colaboraciones entre estas firmas y determinados prescriptores. ¿Influye en esa relación que en el contenido participe un influencer? Para responder a esta pregunta de investigación, se propone un estudio que tiene como objetivo general analizar la relación entre las marcas de lujo más seguidas en Instagram y sus seguidores en torno a las colaboraciones con influencers en los perfiles corporativos, a través de la acción en sí misma y de la interacción del usuario con el post. Para ello, se realiza un análisis de contenido comparado de naturaleza tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa, con el fin de realizar un estudio de engagement y del mensaje de cada acción. La muestra se compone de los 387 posts publicados por Gucci, Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Dolce & Gabbana y Dior del 10 de febrero al 7 de marzo de 2023, cuando se celebran las principales semanas de la moda. Los resultados evidencian que el porcentaje de engagement de una acción es más alto si participa un influencer en ella. Asimismo, se han detectado otros dos elementos que influyen en el compromiso generado por la publicación: el contenido del post, centrado en el contexto profesional del influencer; y el perfil del prescriptor, con predominancia del macroinfluencer sobre el microinfluencer.
On the problems and prospects of interaction of subjects of public control with tax authorities
Authors: Goncharov Vitalii Viktorovich
Published: February 2024

This article is devoted to the analysis of modern problems and prospects of interaction of subjects of public control with tax authorities in the Russian Federation. The paper substantiates the importance of such interaction both in order to develop the institution of public control and in terms of optimizing the work of tax authorities in Russia. The author classifies the forms of interaction of subjects of public control with tax authorities in the Russian Federation, highlighting their interaction: a) as a subject and object of public control; b) as a body of state control (supervision) and a subject of public control, sending final documents prepared based on the results of public control measures against third parties; c) as a subject of public control and a public authority called upon to respond in connection with the provision of information on a tax offense identified during the implementation of public control. A number of scientific research methods are used in the work, in particular: formal-logical; historical-legal; comparative-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The article not only analyzes modern problems related to the organization and implementation of interaction between subjects of public control and tax authorities in the country, but also develops and justifies a system of measures aimed at solving these problems in order to provide new areas of interaction and cooperation of the above-mentioned structures. The object of this study, therefore, consists of public relations related to the organization and implementation of the activities of subjects of public control in the Russian Federation, the subject of the study is represented, on the one hand, by legal norms regulating the mechanism of interaction between subjects of public control and tax authorities in Russia, materials of judicial practice, and on the other hand, scientific legal doctrinal sources in the field of public control.
Design of Computerized Patient Registration Application System at Tanjung Pati Health Center
Authors: Oktamianiza Oktamianiza , Ilahi Vitratul , Putri Kalasta Ayunda , Yulia Yulfa , Harmayeni Fianika , Rahmadhani Rahmadhani
Published: February 2024

One of the shortcomings of manual patient registration systems is the procedures that affect the efficiency of service care to patients. Therefore, researchers are interested in designing a computerized patient registration application using Microsoft Access software. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D). This research was conducted at Tanjung Pati Community Health Center, with in-depth interviews with two registration officers. The research results show that the data elements needed to design the patient registration application system, sourced from the Patient Registration Book, will be developed by creating an application system using UML modeling. The application system undergoes Black Box Testing with the result that all components run well. The application system is efficient, with an average comparison of manual patient registration time to system patient registration of 420:180 seconds for new patients and 360:33 seconds for existing patients. The application system is efficient according to the results of interviews with informants. Therefore, the design of the computerized patient registration application system using Microsoft Access meets the needs of the community health center and is efficient in terms of patient registration time. It is recommended that the patient registration application be used continuously in the medical records unit at Tanjung Pati Community Health Center.
Analysis of Needs and Service Capacity of BPJS at First-Level Healthcare Facilities in Bandung District
Authors: Rahmah Rizki Amalia , Basri Mursyid Hasan
Published: February 2024

The community's need for BPJS services at Primary Health Facilities (FKTP) can be well met if adequate service capacity is available. This research aims to analyze the gap between the needs and capacity of BPJS services in FKTPs in Bandung District. This quantitative study uses secondary data owned by Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Barat and BPJS Kesehatan Kantor Cabang Soreang. The calculation of needs uses the number of BPJS participants registered in each FKTP, and the calculation of service capacity is based on the duration of service and the number of general practitioners in the FKTP. Out of the 187 FKTPs analyzed, 125 FKTPs are experiencing overcapacity, 58 FKTPs are undercapacity, and 4 FKTPs are optimal. FKTPs with optimal conditions have an average ratio of doctors to BPJS participants of 1:6250. The gap between needs and capacity will impact the quality of service and the financial health of these FKTPs. This issue needs to be addressed by redistributing the number of BPJS participants registered in FKTPs so that the primary healthcare needs of the community in Bandung District can be met.
Quadripartite entanglement from two-port resonator with second-order harmonic generation
Authors: Hao Jing-Chen , Du Pei-Lin , Sun Heng-Xin , Liu Kui , Zhang Jing , Yang Rong-Guo , Gao Jiang-Rui ,   College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: February 2024

Quantum entanglement is a crucial resource for performing quantum computing and constructing quantum communication networks. The preparation and manipulation of entangled light field are the basic elements of quantum communication. With the development of science and technology, multicolor multipartite entanglement is becoming a kind of special resource for quantum information, quantum networks, and quantum memory. In this paper, we propose a scheme of generating quadripartite entanglement among four output beams from a two-port frequency doubling resonator, in which a type-II phase matching nonlinear crystal is placed. We make two fundamental-frequency pump beams with the same frequency and vertical polarization pass through the nonlinear crystal to produce two frequency-doubling beams. There is a quadripartite entanglement between the frequency-doubling beams, which are output at two ports of the optical resonator, and the incident fundamental beams. Based on the transmission matrix from the coupled wave equation, the self-consistent equations of the intracavity modes and the corresponding noise properties of the output modes can be obtained. Then, the quadripartite entanglement produced from two second harmonic beams and two reflected fundamental-frequency pump beams, is verified by using the positive partial transposition criterion, in a wide range of pumping power and analysis frequency. The setup proposed in this work is compact and experimentally feasible. It is also convenient to separate the four entangled beams spatially, with different wavelengths and polarizations. When the beam wavelengths are matched with 1560 nm (low loss window of fiber) and 780 nm (atomic absorption line of Rb), this scheme can be more useful in both quantum communication and quantum memory.
High-pressure high-temperature induced polymerization of nitrogen molecules under restricted condition
Authors: Guo Lin-Lin , Zhao Zi-Tong , Sui Ming-Hong , Wang Peng , Liu Bing-Bing ,   State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
Published: February 2024

Polymeric nitrogen has been recognized to be a new type of high-energy density material (HEDM). However, the polymeric nitrogen structure formed under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions is usually in poor thermodynamic stability. Confinement strategy is conductive to the stabilization of the high-pressure phase of polymeric nitrogen structures, providing a new modulation approach for realizing the polymerization of nitrogen. In this work, nitrogen molecules are confined into the boron nitride nanotubes (N2@BNNTs) under high-pressure condition. The pressure-induced polymerization of nitrogen in N2@BNNT samples with varying nitrogen content and the stabilities of polymeric nitrogen structure are characterized by high-pressure in situ Raman spectroscopy method. In the N2@BNNT sample with higher nitrogen content, the N2 confined to boron nitride nanotubes exhibits different Raman spectral pressure response behaviors compared with that of non confined N2, but both of them are transformed into cg-N structure after laser heating at about 123 GPa. With pressure decreasing to 40 GPa, the unconfined cg-N decomposes and releases huge energy, which affects the stability and results in the decomposition of the confined cg-N. Under ambient conditions, the confined N2 is stabilized in the liquid phase. In the N2@BNNTs sample with lower nitrogen content, the confined N2 is transformed into new polymeric nitrogen structure, which possesses N=N double bonds with different bond lengths close to the those in the \begin{document}${\mathrm{N}}_3^- $\end{document} anion and \begin{document}${\mathrm{N}}_4^+ $\end{document} clusters, respectively, after laser-heating in the pressure range of 122–150 GPa. This polynitrogen structure is stable with pressure decreasing to 25 GPa. This work provides new insights into the synthesis and stabilization of polymeric nitrogen structures, opening up new avenues for developing these advanced structures.
Run and Jump
Authors: McDonald Peter D
Published: February 2024

How abstract design decisions in 2D platform games create rich worlds of meaning for players.

Since the 1980s, 2D platform games have captivated their audiences. Whether the player scrambles up the ladders in Donkey Kong or leaps atop an impossibly tall pipe in Super Mario Bros., this deceptively simple visual language has persisted in our cultural imagination of video games. In Run and Jump, Peter McDonald surveys the legacy of 2D platform games and examines how abstract and formal design choices have kept players playing. McDonald argues that there is a rich layer of meaning underneath, say, the quality of an avatar's movement, the pacing and rhythm of level design, the personalities expressed by different enemies, and the emotion elicited by collecting a coin.

To understand these games, McDonald draws on technical discussions by game designers as well as theoretical work about the nature of signs from structuralist semiotics. Interspersed throughout are design exercises that show how critical interpretation can become a tool for game designers to communicate with their players. With examples drawn from over forty years of game history, and from games made by artists, hobbyists, iconic designers, and industry studios, Run and Jump presents a comprehensive—and engaging—vision of this slice of game history.
From Intention to Impact
Authors: Lazu Malia C.
Published: February 2024

How business leaders can move their DEI efforts from intention to impact through strategy and culture change.

In the aftermath of George Floyd's murder, corporate America has doubled down on its public intentions to be more inclusive and equitable. Yet beyond the pledges it is difficult to see which system changes make a real difference. In From Intention to Impact, Malia Lazu draws on her background as a community organizer, her corporate career as a bank president, and now her experience as a leading DEI consultant to explain what has been holding organizations back and what they need to do better. First and foremost, she recognizes that truly moving from intention to impact means targeting and changing the traditions and culture that normalize whiteness.

From Intention to Impact shows what organizations, leaders, and people at all levels must do to create more inclusive environments that honor and value diversity. Lazu shares a seven-stage guide through this process as well as a 3L model of listening, learning, and loving that readers can use from the initial excitement of doing “something” to the frustration when the inevitable pushback comes, and finally to the determination to do the hard work despite the challenges—on corporate and political fronts. Most compelling, From Intention to Impact shows that, while commitment from the top is paramount, for DEI to be most effective, it needs to be decentralized—among managers, within teams, and across the organization.

A crucial read for anyone looking to future-proof their company, From Intention to Impact goes beyond the “feel good” PR-centric actions to showcase the real DEI work that must be done to create true and lasting systemic change.
Art as Demonstration
Authors: Spieker Sven
Published: February 2024

How artists wield demonstration to question the status quo both aesthetically and politically, marshaling art and education as powerful agents of change.

Demonstration, in short, says: See here. It is the practice of pointing to something in order to explain or contest it. As such, Sven Spieker argues that demonstration has helped reshape art from the height of the Cold War to the late twentieth century, reformatting our understanding of how art and political engagement relate to each other. Focusing on Western Europe (especially Germany), Eastern Europe, and the United States, Art as Demonstration expands on contemporary discussions of art-as-protest, activism, and resistance. Spieker shows how a closer, more historical look at art's connection with demonstration reconnects us with earlier efforts, notably by the early twentieth-century avant-garde, to marshal art for the purpose of instruction and engagement.

Art as Demonstration reconceives the history of postwar art in Eastern and Western Europe from the perspective of demonstration, understood formally (as a technique for showing and pointing) as well as politically (as protest, resistance, etc.). Close analyses of individual artworks reveal how the deployment of demonstration has changed over time. Spieker shows how protest and resistance organize art and artists not only politically but also and especially formally and aesthetically—a development of particular importance in the Cold War art and politics of Eastern Europe. The book illustrates how from the 1960s onward demonstration radically changed the way artists thought about art: no longer as an object but as a form of education.
The Value of Values
Authors: Aronson Daniel
Published: February 2024

How business leaders can grow profits and competitive advantage by doing the right thing.

Acting on values—doing good for the benefit of all—can substantially benefit the bottom line, but many business leaders mistakenly believe that doing the right thing lowers profits. This belief is the greatest barrier holding businesses back from being more financially and competitively successful—and delivering more good for the world. Not only can it be a winning business strategy to act on values, as Daniel Aronson suggests in The Value of Values, but it is also a savvy choice, increasing a company's power, profit, and competitive advantage—in many cases with little additional investment or risk.

It starts with seeing what others miss. Using extensive research and real-world calculations, Aronson demonstrates that the “submerged value” of initiatives such as taking bold action to combat climate change, helping people find jobs, or creating an open, inclusive work environment is normally 4 to 10 times more than initially believed. Calculating and capturing the true business benefit of acting on values provides a much-needed update to the sustainability and responsibility playbook. Even more important, it shows executives how to harness the value of values to improve profitability, acquire customers, and turbocharge their own careers.

Written by a measurement pioneer and one of the world's foremost experts on making ethical business count, The Value of Values trains leaders to respond smartly and credibly to today's challenges, transforming how business can and should be done.
A Darwinian Survival Guide
Authors: Brooks Daniel R. , Agosta Salvatore J.
Published: February 2024

How humanity brought about the climate crisis by departing from its evolutionary trajectory 15,000 years ago—and how we can use evolutionary principles to save ourselves from the worst outcomes.

Despite efforts to sustain civilization, humanity faces existential threats from overpopulation, globalized trade and travel, urbanization, and global climate change. In A Darwinian Survival Guide, Daniel Brooks and Salvatore Agosta offer a novel—and hopeful—perspective on how to meet these tremendous challenges by changing the discourse from sustainability to survival. Darwinian evolution, the world's only theory of survival, is the means by which the biosphere has persisted and renewed itself following past environmental perturbations, and it has never failed, they explain. Even in the aftermath of mass extinctions, enough survivors remain with the potential to produce a new diversified biosphere.

Drawing on their expertise as field biologists, Brooks and Agosta trace the evolutionary path from the early days of humans through the Late Pleistocene and the beginning of the Anthropocene all the way to the Great Acceleration of technological humanity around 1950, demonstrating how our creative capacities have allowed humanity to survive. However, constant conflict without resolution has made the Anthropocene not only unsustainable, but unsurvivable. Guided by the four laws of biotics, the authors explain how humanity should interact with the rest of the biosphere and with each other in accordance with Darwinian principles. They reveal a middle ground between apocalypse and utopia, with two options: alter our behavior now at great expense and extend civilization or fail to act and rebuild in accordance with those same principles. If we take the latter, then our immediate goal ought to focus on preserving as many of humanity's positive achievements—from high technology to high art—as possible to shorten the time needed to rebuild.
Primaquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: an adaptive pharmacometric assessment of ascending dose regimens in healthy volunteers
Authors: Pukrittayakamee Sasithon , Jittamala Podjanee , Watson James A , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Leungsinsiri Pawanrat , Poovorawan Kittiyod , Chotivanich Kesinee , Bancone Germana , Chu Cindy S , Imwong Mallika , Day Nicholas PJ , Taylor Walter RJ , White Nicholas J
Published: February 2024

Background:

Primaquine is an 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial. It is the only widely available treatment to prevent relapses of Plasmodium vivax malaria. The 8-aminoquinolines cause dose-dependent haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd). G6PDd is common in malaria endemic areas but testing is often not available. As a consequence primaquine is underused.

Methods:

We conducted an adaptive pharmacometric study to characterise the relationship between primaquine dose and haemolysis in G6PDd. The aim was to explore shorter and safer primaquine radical cure regimens compared to the currently recommended 8-weekly regimen (0.75 mg/kg once weekly), potentially obviating the need for G6PD testing. Hemizygous G6PDd healthy adult Thai and Burmese male volunteers were admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Bangkok. In Part 1, volunteers were given ascending dose primaquine regimens whereby daily doses were increased from 7.5 mg up to 45 mg over 15–20 days. In Part 2 conducted at least 6 months later, a single primaquine 45 mg dose was given.

Results:

24 volunteers were enrolled in Part 1, and 16 in Part 2 (13 participated in both studies). In three volunteers, the ascending dose regimen was stopped because of haemolysis (n=1) and asymptomatic increases in transaminases (n=2; one was hepatitis E positive). Otherwise the ascending regimens were well tolerated with no drug-related serious adverse events. In Part 1, the median haemoglobin concentration decline was 3.7 g/dL (range: 2.1–5.9; relative decline of 26% [range: 15–40%]). Primaquine doses up to 0.87 mg/kg/day were tolerated subsequently without clinically significant further falls in haemoglobin. In Part 2, the median haemoglobin concentration decline was 1.7 g/dL (range 0.9–4.1; relative fall of 12% [range: 7–30% decrease]). The ascending dose primaquine regimens gave seven times more drug but resulted in only double the haemoglobin decline.

Conclusions:

In patients with Southeast Asian G6PDd variants, full radical cure treatment can be given in under 3 weeks compared with the current 8-week regimen.

Funding:

Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom (MR/R015252/1) and Wellcome (093956/Z/10/C, 223253/Z/21/Z).

Clinical trial number:

Thai Clinical Trial Registry: TCTR20170830002 and TCTR20220317004.
β-Carotene accelerates the resolution of atherosclerosis in mice
Authors: Pinos Ivan , Coronel Johana , Albakri Asma'a , Blanco Amparo , McQueen Patrick , Molina Donald , Sim JaeYoung , Fisher Edward A , Amengual Jaume
Published: February 2024

β-Carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) catalyzes the cleavage of β-carotene to form vitamin A. Besides its role in vision, vitamin A regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune cell differentiation. BCO1 activity is associated with the reduction of plasma cholesterol in humans and mice, while dietary β-carotene reduces hepatic lipid secretion and delays atherosclerosis progression in various experimental models. Here we show that β-carotene also accelerates atherosclerosis resolution in two independent murine models, independently of changes in body weight gain or plasma lipid profile. Experiments in Bco1-/- mice implicate vitamin A production in the effects of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. To explore the direct implication of dietary β-carotene on regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation, we utilized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody infusions. Our data show that β-carotene favors Treg expansion in the plaque, and that the partial inhibition of Tregs mitigates the effect of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. Our data highlight the potential of β-carotene and BCO1 activity in the resolution of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Neural evidence of functional compensation for fluid intelligence in healthy ageing
Authors: Knights Ethan , Henson Richard N , Morcom Alexa , Mitchell Daniel J , Tsvetanov Kamen A
Published: February 2024

Functional compensation is a common notion in the neuroscience of healthy ageing, whereby older adults are proposed to recruit additional brain activity to compensate for reduced cognitive function. However, whether this additional brain activity in older participants actually helps their cognitive performance remains debated. We examined brain activity and cognitive performance in a human lifespan sample (N = 223) while they performed a problem-solving task (based on Cattell’s test of fluid intelligence) during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain univariate analysis revealed that activity in bilateral cuneal cortex for hard vs. easy problems increased both with age and with performance, even when adjusting for an estimate of age-related differences in cerebrovascular reactivity. Multivariate Bayesian decoding further demonstrated that age increased the likelihood that activation patterns in this cuneal region provided non-redundant information about the two task conditions, beyond that of the multiple demand network generally activated in this task. This constitutes some of the strongest evidence yet for functional compensation in healthy ageing, at least in this brain region during visual problem-solving.
Identification of pharmacological inducers of a reversible hypometabolic state for whole organ preservation
Authors: Sperry Megan M. , Charrez Berenice , Fotowat Haleh , Gardner Erica , Pilobello Kanoelani , Izadifar Zohreh , Lin Tiffany , Kuelker Abigail , Kaki Sahith , Lewandowski Michael , Lightbown Shanda , Martinez Ramses , Marquez Susan , Moore Joel , Plaza-Oliver Maria , Sesay Adama M. , Shcherbina Kostyantyn , Sheehan Katherine , Takeda Takako , Campo Daniela Del , Andrijauskaite Kristina , Cisneros Exal , Lopez Riley , Cano Isabella , Maxwell Zachary , Jessop Israel , Veraza Rafael J. , Bunegin Leon , Percival Thomas J. , Yracheta Jaclyn , Pena Jorge , Wood Diandra , Homas Zachary , Hinshaw Cody , Cox-Hinshaw Jennifer , Parry Olivia G. , Sleeter Justin J. , Weitzel Erik K. , Levin Michael , Super Michael , Novak Richard , Ingber Donald E.
Published: February 2024

Drugs that induce reversible slowing of metabolic and physiological processes would have great value for organ preservation, especially for organs with high susceptibility to hypoxia-reperfusion injury, such as the heart. Using whole-organism screening of metabolism, mobility, and development in
Xenopus
, we identified an existing drug, SNC80, that rapidly and reversibly slows biochemical and metabolic activities while preserving cell and tissue viability. Although SNC80 was developed as a delta opioid receptor activator, we discovered that its ability to slow metabolism is independent of its opioid modulating activity as a novel SNC80 analog (WB3) with almost 1,000 times less delta opioid receptor binding activity is equally active. Metabolic suppression was also achieved using SNC80 in microfluidic human organs-on-chips, as well as in explanted whole porcine hearts and limbs, demonstrating the cross-species relevance of this approach and potential clinical relevance for surgical transplantation. Pharmacological induction of physiological slowing in combination with organ perfusion transport systems may offer a new therapeutic approach for tissue and organ preservation for transplantation, trauma management, and enhancing patient survival in remote and low-resource locations.
Mechanism of barotaxis in marine zooplankton
Authors: Bezares Calderón Luis Alberto , Shahidi Réza , Jékely Gáspár
Published: February 2024

Hydrostatic pressure is a dominant environmental cue for vertically migrating marine organisms but the physiological mechanisms of responding to pressure changes remain unclear. Here we uncovered the cellular and circuit bases of a barokinetic response in the planktonic larva of the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii . Increases in pressure induced a rapid, graded and adapting upward swimming response due to faster ciliary beating. By calcium imaging, we found that brain ciliary photoreceptors showed a graded response to pressure changes. The photoreceptors in animals mutant for ciliary opsin-1 had a smaller ciliary compartment and mutant larvae showed diminished pressure responses. The ciliary photoreceptors synaptically connect to the head multiciliary band that propels swimming via serotonergic motoneurons. Genetic inhibition of the serotonergic cells blocked pressure-dependent increases in ciliary beating. We conclude that ciliary photoreceptors function as pressure sensors and activate ciliary beating through serotonergic signalling during barokinesis.
Modulation of biophysical properties of nucleocapsid protein in the mutant spectrum of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Nguyen Ai , Zhao Huaying , Myagmarsuren Dulguun , Srinivasan Sanjana , Wu Di , Chen Jiji , Piszczek Grzegorz , Schuck Peter
Published: February 2024

Genetic diversity is a hallmark of RNA viruses and the basis for their evolutionary success. Taking advantage of the uniquely large genomic database of SARS-CoV-2, we examine the impact of mutations across the spectrum of viable amino acid sequences on the biophysical phenotypes of the highly expressed and multifunctional nucleocapsid protein. We find variation in the physicochemical parameters of its extended intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) sufficient to allow local plasticity, but also observe functional constraints that similarly occur in related coronaviruses. In biophysical experiments with several N-protein species carrying mutations associated with major variants, we find that point mutations in the IDRs can have nonlocal impact and modulate thermodynamic stability, secondary structure, protein oligomeric state, particle formation, and liquid-liquid phase separation. In the Omicron variant, distant mutations in different IDRs have compensatory effects in shifting a delicate balance of interactions controlling protein assembly properties, and include the creation of a new protein-protein interaction interface in the N-terminal IDR through the defining P13L mutation. A picture emerges where genetic diversity is accompanied by significant variation in biophysical characteristics of functional N-protein species, in particular in the IDRs.
The Pathogenicity Test, Cultural and Morphological Characterization of Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
Authors: Purushotham Pooja , Rakholiya K. B. , Vanani K. D.
Published: February 2024

Aims: The objective of this study was to identify the appropriate anthracnose fungus of green gram using symptomatology, identification, pathogenicity test and characterization of samples.

Study Design:  Pathogenicity test, cultural and morphological characterization.

Place and Duration of Study: The laboratory studies were conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat during rabi 2020-21.

Methodology: The sample was collected and subjected to isolation, purification and identification of pathogen. Four different pathogenecity tests were conducted to verify the pathogen causing anthracnose of green gram. On the other hand, the cultural and morphological characteristics of pathogen were studied. 

Results: The pathogenecity test confirmed that the pathogen as Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in all four tests. Spraying inoculum after needle pricking and carborandum powder producing 100% infection in inoculated plants while 96% in spraying spore suspension without any abrasion. The less per cent of infection was observed in seed inoculated plants. The cultural studies of C. lindemuthianium shown sub-aerial whitish-to-pink cottony growth and pinkish-to-brown pigmentation under the culture plate. The morphological study of C. lindemuthianium observed as single-celled, hyaline, cylindrical, and smooth with oil globules. The acervuli were blackish brown and measure 181.3 × 254.6 µm. The setae were visible through the conidial mass with 1-3 septations.

Conclusion: A study on green gram anthracnose confirmed C. lindemuthianum as pathogen in all four pathogenicity test with needle pricking and carborandum powder producing 100% infection in inoculated plants while 96% in spraying spore suspension without any abrasion. Cultural studies revealed whitish-pink cottony growth and pinkish-brown pigmentation. C. lindemuthianium was morphologically observed as single-celled, hyaline, cylindrical, smooth, with oil globules, blackish brown acervuli, and visible setae through conidial mass with 1-3 septations. Therefore, these findings are important for identifying the anthracnose disease of green gram.
Long‐term persistence of clonally expanded T cells in patients with polymyositis
Authors: Benveniste Olivier , Herson Serge , Salomon Benoît , Dimitri Dalia , Trébeden‐Nègre Hélène , Jean Laetitia , Bon‐Durand Véronique , Antonelli David , Klatzmann David , Boyer Olivier
Published: November 2004

Polymyositis is a CD8+ T‐cell–mediated disease. T‐cell clonal expansions are observed at disease onset, but little is known about their persistence over time. Qualitative and quantitative spectratyping demonstrated that PM relapse features dramatically perturbed blood T‐cell repertoires but is not associated with the emergence of new T‐cell clones. It is striking that patients in remission also maintained all their T‐cell repertoire abnormalities. The clonally expanded T‐cells displayed a memory phenotype, expressed intracellular perforin, and dramatically responded to IL‐2, showing a potential to be reactivated upon appropriate conditions. These results indicate that persistent T‐cell clonal expansion is an important feature of polymyositis. Ann Neurol 2004
Devulcanization of carbon black filled natural rubber using supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Kojima Masaaki , Tosaka Masatoshi , Ikeda Yuko , Kohjiya Shinzo
Published: November 2004

Natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates filled with various contents of carbon black were devulcanized in supercritical CO2 in the presence of diphenyl disulfide as a devulcanizing reagent. The devulcanized rubbers were separated to sol and gel components using chloroform. Regardless of the carbon black content in the NR vulcanizates, sol fractions of 20–40% were obtained and the swelling ratios of the gel components were higher than the original vulcanizates. Dynamic mechanical properties of the devulcanized rubbers were also investigated. Devulcanized rubbers showed a slightly lower G′ values and slightly higher tan δ values than the initial compounds and much lower G′ values and much higher tan δ values than the vulcanizates. These results indicate that the presence of carbon black in NR vulcanizates does not disturb the devulcanization. A NR‐based truck tire vulcanizate was also devulcanized. The physical properties of recycled rubber made from virgin rubber and various contents of the devulcanized tire rubber were measured. The decrease in tensile strength was only around 10% at up to 40 phr of the devulcanized tire rubber content. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 137–143, 2005
Imaging learning and memory: Classical conditioning
Authors: Schreurs Bernard G. , Alkon Daniel L.
Published: November 2004

The search for the biological basis of learning and memory has, until recently, been constrained by the limits of technology to classic anatomic and electrophysiologic studies. With the advent of functional imaging, we have begun to delve into what, for many, was a “black box.” We review several different types of imaging experiments, including steady state animal experiments that image the functional labeling of fixed tissues, and dynamic human studies based on functional imaging of the intact brain during learning. The data suggest that learning and memory involve a surprising conservation of mechanisms and the integrated networking of a number of structures and processes. Anat Rec (New Anat) 265:257–273, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro exposure apparatus for ELF magnetic fields
Authors: Schuderer Jürgen , Oesch Walter , Felber Norbert , Spät Denis , Kuster Niels
Published: November 2004

For in vitro studies on the effect of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposures in different laboratories, a programmable, high precision exposure system enabling blinded exposures has been developed and fully characterized. It is based on two shielded 4 coil systems that fit inside a commercial incubator. The volume of uniform B field exposure with 1% field tolerance is 50% larger compared to a Merrit 4 coil system with the same coil volume. The uncertainties for the applied magnetic fields have been specified to be less than 4%. The computer controlled apparatus allows signal waveforms that are composed of several harmonics, blind protocols, monitoring of exposure and environmental conditions and the application of B fields up to 3.6 mT root‐mean‐square amplitude. Sources of artifacts have been characterized: sham isolation >43 dB, parasitic incident E fields <1 V/m, no recognizable temperature differences in the media for exposure or sham state, and vibrations of the mechanically decoupled dish holder <0.1 m/s2 (= 0.01 g), which is only twice the sham acceleration background level produced by the incubator and fan vibrations. Bioelectromagnetics 25:582–591, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of weak 50 Hz magnetic fields on the number of free oxygen radicals in rat lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Zmyslony Marek , Rajkowska Elżbieta , Mamrot Pawel , Politanski Piotr , Jajte Jolanta
Published: November 2004

The aim of the work was verification of the hypothesis that weak power frequency (50 Hz) magnetic fields (MF) affected the number of free oxygen radicals in living biological cells and that these changes could be qualitatively explained by the radical pair mechanism. The experiments were performed on rat lymphocytes. One‐hour exposure to 50 Hz MF at 20, 40, or 200 μT flux densities was performed inside a pair of Helmholtz coils with axis along or crosswise to the Earth's static MF. Iron ions (FeCl2) were used as a stimulator of the oxidation processes. Oxygen radicals were measured by fluorimetry using a DCF‐DA fluorescent probe. Only in the lymphocytes exposed at 40 μT MF directed along the Earth's static MF there was a decrease of fluorescence in relation to non‐exposed samples. Our observation seems to confirm the hypothesis that low level power frequency MF affects oxidative processes which occur in living biological cells and that this effect can be explained by the radical pair mechanism. Bioelectromagnetics 25:607–612, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Murine leukemia virus clearance by flocculation and microfiltration
Authors: Akeprathumchai Saengchai , Han Binbing , Wickramasinghe S. Ranil , Carlson Jonathan O. , Czermak Peter , Preiβ Katrin
Published: November 2004

Clearance of murine leukemia virus from CHO cell suspensions by flocculation and microfiltration was investigated. Murine leukemia virus is a retrovirus that is recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for validating clearance of retrovirus‐like particles. Due to biosafety considerations, an amphotropic murine leukemia virus vector (A‐MLV) that is incapable of self‐replication was used. Further, A‐MLV is incapable of infecting CHO cells, thus ensuring that infection of the CHO cells in the feed did not result in a reduced virus titer in the permeate. The virus vector contains the gene for the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to facilitate assaying for infectious virus particles. The virus particles are 80–130 nm in size. The feed streams were flocculated using a cationic polyelectrolyte. Microfiltration was conducted using 0.1 and 0.65 μm pore size hollow fiber membranes. The level of virus clearance in the permeate was determined. For the 0.1 μm pore size membranes a 1,000‐fold reduction in the virus titer in the permeate was observed for feed streams consisting of A‐MLV, A‐MLV plus flocculant, A‐MLV plus CHO cells, and A‐MLV plus flocculant and CHO cells. While the flocculant had little effect on the level of virus clearance in the permeate for 0.1 μm pore size membranes, it did lead to higher permeate fluxes for the CHO cell feed streams. Virus clearance experiments conducted with 0.65 μm pore size membranes indicate little clearance of A‐MLV from the permeate in the absence of flocculant. However, in the presence of flocculant the level of virus clearance in the permeate was similar to that observed for 0.1 μm pore size membranes. The results obtained here indicate that significant clearance of A‐MLV is possible during tangential flow microfiltration. Addition of a flocculant is essential if the membrane pore size is greater than the diameter of the virus particles. Flocculation of the feed stream leads to an increase in the permeate flux. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modified Microperoxidases Exhibit Different Reactivity Towards Phenolic Substrates
Authors: Dallacosta Corrado , Casella Luigi , Monzani Enrico
Published: November 2004

The reactivity of several microperoxidase derivatives with different distal‐site environments has been studied. The distal‐site environments of these heme peptides include a positively charged one, an uncharged environment, two bulky and doubly or triply positively charged ones, and one containing aromatic apolar residues. The reactivity in the catalytic oxidation of two representative phenols, carrying opposite charges, by hydrogen peroxide has been investigated. This allows the determination of the binding constants and of the electron‐transfer rate from the phenol to the catalyst in the substrate/microperoxidase complex. The electron‐transfer rates scarcely depend on the redox and charge properties of the phenol, but depend strongly on the microperoxidase. Information on the disposition of the substrate in the adducts with the microperoxidases has been obtained through determination of the paramagnetic contribution to the 1H NMR relaxation rates of the protons of the bound substrates. The data show that the electron‐transfer rate drops when the substrate binds too far away from the iron and that the phenols bind to microperoxidases at similar distances to those observed with peroxidases. While the reaction rate of microperoxidases with peroxide is significantly smaller than that of the enzymes, the efficiency in the one‐electron oxidation of phenolic substrates is almost comparable. Interestingly, the oxyferryl form of the triply positively charged microperoxidases shows a reactivity larger than that exhibited by horseradish peroxidase.