bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reverse Numerical Simulation of Kinetic Parameters from Acidic Copper Hull Cell Deposition
Authors: Kovácsovics I. , Patzelt T. , Herrmann J. , Bund A.
Published: April 2022

Hull cell depositions are industrially used to monitor electrolytes and study the influence of additives. By combining the Hull cell deposition and a numerical simulation based on the boundary element method via a curve-fitting approach allows to obtain kinetic parameters (e.g. transfer coefficient, exchange current density) and assessing the effects of additives without losing the visual information and the opportunity to get the structural and physical properties of the metal deposition (reverse determination). In an acidic copper electrolyte, an additive based on polyethylene glycol decreases the effective exchange current density,

j

0
,
e
f
f

by up to two orders of magnitude, while the transfer coefficient is hardly influenced. By adding another additive based on bis-(3-sulfopropyl)disulphide, the effect is counteracted and

j

0
,
eff

increases in dependence on the ratio of both additives. The combined approach enables obtaining more information about visual and structural effects and the deposition kinetics from one experimental analysis.
Electrochemical Sensing Platform for the Detection and Degradation Studies of Metanil Yellow
Authors: Hakeem Muhammad Kamran , Shah Afzal , Jan Nisar  , Jan Iftikhar Faiza , Khan Sher Bahadar , Shah Iltaf
Published: April 2022

The discharge of dye loaded effluents from textile and food industries into natural water has skyrocketed in the last few years due to booming industrialization that stands to serve a mushrooming population. The adulterated water poses a serious threat to human and aquatic life. The present work aims to engage electrochemical methods by designing an electrochemical sensor using a modified glassy carbon electrode with amine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH2-fMWCNTs) to detect nanomolar concentration of Metanil Yellow (MY) which is an azo dye used illegally in food industry. Various experimental conditions, such as the supporting electrolyte, pH of the electrolyte, deposition potential, and deposition time were optimized for the best performance of the designed sensing platform by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection of MY was found to be 0.17 nM. The catalytic degradation of the dye was also probed by the designed nanosensor electrochemically and the results were supported by UV–visible spectroscopic technique. The dye was found to follow pseudo first order kinetics with a degradation extent of 98.7%. The obtained results hold great promise in the context of water purification for safeguarding human and aquatic lives from the effects of toxic dye effluents.
Review—Engineering Challenges in Green Hydrogen Production Systems
Authors: Tao Meng , Azzolini Joseph A. , Stechel Ellen B. , Ayers Katherine E. , Valdez Thomas I.
Published: April 2022

Today, hydrogen (H2) is overwhelmingly produced through steam methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas, which emits about 12 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) for 1 kg of H2(∼12 kg-CO2/kg-H2). Water electrolysis offers an alternative for H2production, but today’s electrolyzers consume over 55 kWh of electricity for 1 kg of H2(>55 kWh/kg-H2). Electric grid-powered water electrolysis would emit less CO2than the SMR process when the carbon intensity for grid power falls below 0.22 kg-CO2/kWh. Solar- and wind-powered electrolytic H2production promises over 80% CO2reduction over the SMR process, but large-scale (megawatt to gigawatt) direct solar- or wind-powered water electrolysis has yet to be demonstrated. In this paper, several approaches for solar-powered electrolysis are analyzed: (1) coupling a photovoltaic (PV) array with an electrolyzer through alternating current; (2) direct-current (DC) to DC coupling; and (3) direct DC-DC coupling without a power converter. Co-locating a solar or wind farm with an electrolyzer provides a lower power loss and a lower upfront system cost than long-distance power transmission. A load-matching PV system for water electrolysis enables a 10%–50% lower levelized cost of electricity than the other systems and excellent scalability from a few kilowatts to a gigawatt. The concept of maximum current point tracking is introduced in place of maximum power point tracking to maximize the H2output by solar-powered electrolysis.
Comparison of Hydrothermally-Grown vs Electrodeposited Cobalt Sulfide Nanostructures as Modified Electrodes for Oxygen Evolution and Electrochemical Sensing Applications
Authors: Li Xinyu , Sharma Surbhi , Arrigan Damien W. M. , Silvester Debbie S.
Published: April 2022

A wide range of electrocatalysts have been developed and implemented for electrochemical applications over the last decades, with researchers typically using either a conventional synthesis method (followed by drop-casting or spray-coating onto the electrode), or directly electrodepositing the catalyst. However, a clear comparison of the different materials synthesis techniques, and how this affects the electrochemical applications, has been less explored. Herein, we report a direct comparison of fabricated cobalt sulfide (CoS) nanostructure-based electrodes prepared by two different methods for two applications: (a) electrochemical water splitting and (b) glucose sensing. CoS is grown in the form of nanoflowers and nanosheets via facile one-pot hydrothermal (HT) and electrodeposition (ED) methods, respectively. Characterization is performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is observed that the as-fabricated CoS-ED electrode demonstrated enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, a lower overpotential (∼166 mV at 10 mA cm−2), lower charge transfer resistance (∼372 Ω), a lower Tafel slope (86 mV dec−1), and better stability compared to the CoS-HT electrode. Moreover, the CoS-ED electrode-based sensor also exhibited better performance, higher sensitivity, better selectivity, and good stability for electrochemical glucose detection compared to the CoS-HT sensor.
Nanocomposite of Tin Oxide and Tungsten Oxide for Ethanol Sensing Applications
Authors: Juang Feng-Renn , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Lan Hung-Chieh , Tsai Ming-Che
Published: April 2022

Tungsten oxide (WO3) and tin oxide (SnO2) nanostructures are hydrothermally synthesized in this research. Fabrication process is simple and inexpensive. The nanomaterials are analyzed and proved that they are with high purity and high crystallinity through different techniques. By combining these two nanomaterials, the SnO2/WO3 nanocomposite is made into an ethanol gas sensor. Not only large surface area but also a heterojunction between SnO2 and WO3 enhance the sensing ability of the sensor. It has high sensing response ratio of 262.61% to 100 ppm ethanol gas at 120 °C. Fast response and recovery times are also worth noting. The fabricated gas sensor can help detecting ethanol concentration in different fields.
Analysis of the Role of Decision Tree Algorithm in Art Education Based on the Background of the Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Jian , Ye Yanghao , Chen Lingxi
Published: April 2022

In recent years, transportation, medical care, energy, and other fields have relied on a number of smart technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing, and the degree of intelligence has continued to increase. As a key part of the future development of cities, education is facing tremendous pressure and challenges. How to use all kinds of smart technologies to promote the informatization of education and create a new era of smarter education is an important mission of current smart education. Decision tree classification is a frequently used technique in data mining. It has the characteristics of fast classification and high efficiency. It is not only used to analyze data but also to make predictions. Professional art education occupies an important position in college education. How to combine decision tree algorithms to develop targeted and effective professional art education and to strengthen the teaching reform and research method innovation of art design has become the current teaching work of colleges and universities. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the teaching mode of art courses in colleges and universities, improve the teaching effect of art classes, and realize the teaching goal of art courses. In this paper, art curriculum teaching experience and the reality of teaching research, through analyzing three local questionnaire surveys of college students, based on the principle of students’ subjectivity from the topic content, organization form, evaluation mode of college art teaching in our student autonomy, initiative, and the role of creative mechanisms are discussed. According to the practical teaching activities of art courses conducted in this paper, the satisfaction degree of college students with art courses is up to 92%, which indicates that this experiment is still relatively successful and significant, and arouses students’ subjectivity to some extent.
Irisin Regulates Hepatic Glucose Metabolism via AMPK and PI3K/Akt Activation
Authors: Zhi Shaoyang , Yang Liping , Yang Guokun , Qin Chaobin , Yan Xiao , Niu Mingming , Zhang Wenlei , Liu Mingyu , Zhao Mengjuan , Nie Guoxing
Published: April 2022

Irisin plays a crucial role in the glucose metabolism of mammals and fish. However, the mechanism by which irisin regulates hepatic glucose metabolism is not entirely known. To clarify irisin’s function and underlying mechanisms in common carp glucose metabolism, the FNDC5 expression patterns were detected after insulin/glucagon injection, long-term high-glucose, and high-fat diet feeding. In vivo, the activity of PFK and the synthesis of liver glycogen were significantly increased, while the enzyme activity of PEPCK was reduced after intraperitoneal injection with irisin. In contrast, irisin siRNA attenuated the brain and liver FNDC5a and FNDC5b expression, and the serum glucose was increased. Glut2, gs, hk, and pfk were considerably downregulated in the brain and liver, while pygl, pepck, and g6pase were remarkably upregulated after siRNA treatment. In vitro, irisin activates the phosphorylation level of AMPK and PI3K/Akt in primary hepatocytes. Compound C and wortmannin inhibit AMPK and PI3K/Akt, reversing irisin-induced expression of g6pase, fbpase, pepck, gk, gs, pfk, hk, and gsk3b. At the same time, compound C attenuated irisin-induced expression of pi3k and akt. Our research reveals the mechanisms of irisinA and irisinB as glucose metabolism regulators in teleost for the first time.
Quality-by-Design Principles Applied to the Establishment of a Pharmaceutical Quality Control Laboratory in a Resource-Limited Setting: The Lab Water
Authors: Suleman Sultan , Belew Sileshi , Kebebe Dereje , Duguma Markos , Teshome Henok , Hasen Gemmechu , Evelien Wynendaele  , Duchateau Luc , De Spiegeleer Bart
Published: April 2022

Quality-by-design (QbD) is defined as a systematic approach to design and develop a product/service based on sound science and quality risk management. It is already frequently applied in the pharmaceutical industry mainly in the development of pharmaceutical products and analytical methods but is not well established in the setup of facilities like quality control (QC) laboratory (lab). Therefore, lab QbD (lQbD) concept is introduced considering lab water purification system as an example. The water purification system comprising distillation unit coupled with Nanopure Analytical Ultrapure Water System combined with a 0.2-micron filter was established in Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ). The consistent capability of the established water purification system was evaluated through routine monitoring of the critical quality parameters (i.e., physicochemical, HPLC-DAD chromatogram total peak area, and resistivity) of freshly prepared lab water for a period of one year. In addition, quality of different grade water (tap water, distilled water (before and/or after cleaning distillation unit), and fresh ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ × cm at 25°C)) used in JuLaDQ was evaluated. The results of routine analysis of water quality revealed that HPLC global peak area at 210 and 254 nm could serve as one of the discriminatory control strategies to evaluate the capability of water purification system to produce the desired quality of lab water; and thus, we proposed a specification limit of 5,000 mAU∗s and 5,500 mAU∗s for global peak area at 254 and 210 nm, respectively, as system suitability parameter.
Internet of Things Application of Intelligent and Innovative Learning Strategies in the Higher English Education System
Authors: Shi Jingxiu , Hou Zhongkun , Mojtahe Kaza
Published: April 2022

In order to improve the effect of higher English teaching, this paper builds a higher English education system based on Internet of Things technology. The optimization aim of this study is to provide an online DRX parameter optimization technique that is compatible with the RRC protocol architecture. This work employs algorithms based on reinforcement learning to accomplish parameter optimization and dynamic control by selecting optimal DRX parameters and dynamically configuring them via decision-making processes. Furthermore, this article enhances the Internet of Things algorithm and applies it to the higher English education system that this study constructs. Furthermore, this study combines the real demands to develop the functional structure module of the higher English education system, constructs the higher English education system based on the Internet of Things system, and tests the performance of the system constructed in this paper. Finally, the system structure performance verification is carried out through mathematical statistics. The research results show that the system constructed in this paper has a good teaching effect.
Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐7 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wattanawongdon Wareeporn , Bartpho Theeraya Simawaranon , Tongtawee Taweesak
Published: April 2022

To date, no potential markers have been established for predicting prognosis in gastric cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP‐7) has been suggested as a prognostic marker in several cancers. In this study, we aimed to determine the expression of the MMP‐7 protein and its polymorphisms in gastric cancer tissues. The association between MMP‐7 expression level and clinicopathological characteristics was also evaluated. MMP‐7 protein expression and its polymorphisms were investigated in a total of 400 patients using immunohistochemistry and TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. The correlation of MMP‐7 expression with clinicopathological characteristics, including tumor location, tumor size, histologic type, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, pathological T stage, pathological TNM stage, residual tumor, and CEA level, was investigated. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. MMP‐7 expression was found in 283 of 400 (70.75%) gastric cancer tissues. Expression of MMP‐7 was significantly associated with poor clinicopathological characteristics, including vascular invasion (OR = 6.61, 95%CI = 4.26–9.89, p = 0.024), lymphatic invasion (OR = 8.17, 95%CI = 4.47–12.39, p = 0.017), undifferentiated histologic type (OR = 2.46; 95% CI, 1.31–4.52; p = 0.014), higher TNM stage (stage IV) (OR = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.08–3.08, p = 0.047), and high CEA level (OR = 5.96, 95%CI = 2.12–8.12, p = 0.026). We further observed a significant association of the variant genotype; gastric cancer patients carrying GG of MMP‐7 (‐181A/G; rs11568818) had a greater increased risk of MMP‐7 expression than did wild‐type (WT) carriers (AG: odds ratio (OR) = 5.67; 95%CI = 1.57–7.23; p = 0.024 and GG: OR = 8.32; 95%CI = 2.94–11.42; p = 0.016). These findings suggest that MMP‐7 expression can be used to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
Optimization of Business English Teaching Based on the Integration of Interactive Virtual Reality Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ma Xiao
Published: April 2022

With the continuous advancement of the global economy and the deepening of internationalization and openness, it is also necessary to keep pace with the times in the optimization of business English teaching. At this point, a genetic algorithm based on the interactive virtual reality (VR) should be established for the optimization of business English teaching to adapt to the future trend in business English teaching optimization more appropriately. In the business English teaching process at present, it is required to change the traditional teaching concept, adjust the previous teaching ideas, widen the horizon continuously, establish an international and diversified English teaching and training program, incorporate the outstanding foreign teaching models, and proactively absorb the excellent educational concepts to drive the development of the domestic business English teaching model more effectively. The results of the simulation experiment indicate that the improved algorithm designed in this article can reduce the computational overhead of the meta-algorithm to a great extent, and the improvement strategy is designed based on the evaluation results of practical examples.
Bayes Conditional Probability-Based Causation Analysis between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH): A Statistic Case Study in Harbin, China
Authors: Diao Dan , Diao Fang , Xiao Bin , Liu Ning , Zheng Dan , Li Fengjuan , Yang Xu
Published: April 2022

Both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) would influence the gestation significantly. However, the causation between these two symptoms remains speculative. 16,404 pregnant women were identified in Harbin, China, in this study. We investigated and evaluated the causal effect of GDM on PIH based on the Bayes conditional probability. The statistical results indicated that PIH might cause GDM, but not vice versa. Also, this case study demonstrated that the decrease temperature might also cause hypertension during pregnancy, and the prevalence rate of GDM increased with age. However, the prevalence of diabetes did not show a remarkable difference in varied areas and ages. This study could provide some essential information that will help to investigate the mechanism for GDM and PIH.
A Case of Childhood Severe Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria with Acute Renal Failure Successfully Treated with Plasma Exchange and Eculizumab
Authors: Pelletier Jessica , Ward Chad , Borloz Matthew , Ickes Anne , Guelich Susan , Edwards Erwood
Published: April 2022

We describe the case of a 4-year-old female who presented with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), developed ongoing intravascular hemolysis with acute renal failure from suspected pigment-induced acute tubular necrosis necessitating continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for five days followed by four episodes of intermittent hemodialysis (iHD), and was subsequently diagnosed with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH). She was successfully treated with plasma exchange and eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting complement protein C5, and demonstrated significant improvement of hemolysis and recovery of renal function.
Involvement of RUVBL1 in WNT/β-Catenin Signaling in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Yongfa , Kong Ying , Liao Lan , Zhu Hongshui
Published: April 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but the causes and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The wingless-integrated/β-catenin (WNT/β-catenin) signaling pathway plays a vital role in cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis, including OSCC. To screen potential β-catenin-associated genes involved in OSCC, the intersection of these genes in the STRING and IMEx databases was assessed using differential expression genes (DEG) from public microarrays, and 22 were further selected to construct a β-catenin-protein interaction network. The top 14 hub genes (node

degree
>
10

) within the network were selected. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that β-catenin expression correlated positively with the expression of 11 genes, including AR, BIRC5, CDK6, DKK1, GSK3B, MET, MITF, PARD3, RUVBL1, SLC9A3R1, and SMAD7. A heat map of overall hub gene survival was created, and elevated expression of DKK1 and RUVBL1 was associated with poor survival using the Mantel-Cox test. To identify the function of RUVBL1, colony formation assay, transwell assay, and western blotting revealed that knock-down of RUVBL1 by siRNA decreased H157 and Cal-27 cell proliferation and metastasis by inhibiting β-catenin signaling. These findings suggest that RUVBL1 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for OSCC, as well as a therapeutic target, and may help to uncover additional molecular mechanisms of β-catenin-driven OSCC tumorigenesis.
Pore Structure and Multifractal Characteristics of Overmature Continental Shale: A Case Study from the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression, Songliao Basin, China
Authors: Lu Jiamin , Yang Liang , Zhu Yingkang , Sun Lidong , Lu Shuangfang , Zhang Pengfei , Zou Nengwu , Lin Zizhi
Published: April 2022

Overmature continental shales are widely distributed in China, while few investigations have been conducted. The pore structure is a critical parameter controlling the resource potential of shale gas. However, the pore structure and heterogeneity of continental shales from the Shahezi Formation, Xujiaweizi Fault, Songliao Basin are not well revealed. In this study, helium porosity and permeability, low-temperature N2 adsorption (NGA), mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were applied and characterized to the pore structures of continental shales. Moreover, the heterogeneity and complexity of the pore structure were revealed by the multifractal based on the NMR

T

2

spectrum. The results showed that clay minerals, quartz, and feldspar are the dominant minerals in the continental shales, and the most content of the clay minerals is the illite-smectite. The studied shales are the low porosity (mean 1.73%) and the ultralow permeability (mean 0.0707 mD) tight reservoirs. The hysteresis loops of ten shales belong to Types H2 and H3, characterized by high special surface area (mean 5.28 m2/g) and pore volume (mean

14.15
×

10

−
3

 
c

m

3

/
g

). The pore size distributions are unimodal, and Type H3 shales have more larger pores than Type H2 shales. MICP results indicate that the pore-throats are almost less than 20 nm. NMR

T

2

spectra commonly show three peeks, i.e., p1 (<1 ms), p2 (1~20 ms), and p3 (>20 ms) with the small

T

2
,
g
m

values, ranging from 0.18 ms to 1.36 ms (0.69 ms), which suggests that more nanopores are in the continental shales. Moreover, the average movable fluid percentage is low, ranging from 1.22% to 15.08% (mean 6.84%). The singularity strength range (

Δ
α

) shows that pore structures are heterogeneous. And the heterogeneity and complexity can be better revealed by the multifractal spectra rather than a monofractal model.
Validation of the Human Progesterone Assay Kit for Cattle as a Pregnancy Diagnosis Tool
Authors: Engida Tesfaye , Lobago Fikire , Lemma Alemayehu , Yenehun Anteneh M. , Mekete Berhane
Published: April 2022

Accurate pregnancy diagnosis is an important criterion and management tool for successful dairying. Early identification of non-pregnant dairy heifers and cows after breeding can improve pregnancy rate and life time production. Determination of progesterone hormone levels is more accurate to diagnose failed pregnancies in dairy animals. This method is not always available in developing countries. Some of the kits available are developed for humans and might be used for cattle because in principle, progesterone is not species-specific and detection methods are the same in both animals and human beings. The study aimed at validating a human progesterone ELISA kit for use in cattle as a pregnancy diagnosis tool. Forty Boran and crossbred cattle (22 pregnant and 18 non-pregnant) were selected for the study. Ten milliliter of blood sample was collected from each animal using jugular venipuncture. Serum I and plasma was harvested within 2 hours after venipuncture and serum II after 12 hours, and all samples were analyzed for progesterone concentration using the ELISA procedure provided with the kit. The result showed that 88.9% (n = 16) of non-pregnant cows had progesterone concentration below 1 ng/ml with mean (±SE) of 0.48 ± 0.75 ng/ml while all pregnant cows had mean (±SE) concentration of 19.3 ± 0.68 ng/ml with individual values ranging from 5.2–38 ng/ml. Progesterone concentration between breeds and sample type did not show statistically significant difference for pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Nonetheless, the results of the experiments are very promising as far as pregnancy diagnosis is concerned in dairy cows from an economic perspective and accuracy; the experiments have to be performed on larger scale to proof repeatability and sensitivity
New Circular-Slot Circularly Polarized Antenna with Modified Characteristic
Authors: Wang Lei , Yao Bin , Fang Wenxiao , Huang Chuangmian , Huang Yun , En Yunfei
Published: April 2022

In this article, a novel broad circularly polarized antenna (CPA) with circular-slot ground is presented. The circular-slot CPA is consisted of a circular-slot ground, an I-shaped slit and a semicircle loop feeding structure. By using semicircle loop feeding structure and adding a slit into the circular-slot ground as perturbation elements, the multiple CP resonant modes could be stimulated simultaneously. To demonstrate to the design radiational, an antenna model was printed, manufactured, and tested. The tested results reveal that the proposed antenna has a broad 3-dB ARBW of |S11| < −10 dB that could be obtained, which is suitable for the application of wireless communication systems.
Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Stool Antigen Test Using Bioluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay for Detecting Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Matsuo Muneaki , Sakata Yasuhisa , Fujimoto Kazuma
Published: April 2022

Background. BLEIA ™ “EIKEN” Helicobacter pylori antigen (B[EIA]) is based on the bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay (BLEIA) method that was newly developed with high sensitivity in detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antigen in feces. Methods. In the project for H. pylori screening and treatment in Saga Prefecture in 2019, 141 students received the stool H. pylori antigen test as a secondary test. For 141 students, a comparative test was conducted between B (EIA) and extracorporeal diagnostic agents that were marketed in Japan as of 2019. The detection performance of H. pylori ATCC43504 standard strain and H. pylori antigen in commercial human fecal specimens were conducted. Results. The comparison of B (EIA) with Quick Chaser TMH. pylori (Q [IC]) revealed positive and negative concordance ratios of B (EIA) to Q (IC) of 100.0% (110/110) and 71.0% (22/31), respectively. A comparative test was conducted between B (EIA) and extracorporeal diagnostic agents that were marketed in Japan as of 2019, and B (EIA) was most sensitive on “detecting H. pylori antigen of ATCC43504 standard strain” and “detecting H. pylori antigen in commercial human fecal specimens,” compared with other kits. Nine dissociated specimens that were negative for Q (IC) and positive for B (EIA) were confirmed. The measured value of B (EIA) in the dissociation samples were 1.3–87.4 cutoff index in the range that can be evaluated as negative by other fecal H. pylori antigen test kits, all the dissociation samples were H. pylori antigen-positive cases, and finally the cause of result divergence was presumed as false negative due to insufficient sensitivity of Q (IC). Conclusion. B (EIA) that is based on the BLEIA method, which applies firefly luciferase luminescence, is more sensitive than stool antigen test kits that are currently marketed in Japan and is very useful in diagnosing H. pylori infection, especially in situations where noninvasive tests are preferred, such as in children.
Revealing the Neuroimaging Mechanism of Acupuncture for Poststroke Aphasia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Boxuan , Deng Shizhe , Sang Bomo , Zhu Weiming , Zhuo Bifang , Zhang Menglong , Qin Chenyang , Lyu Yuanhao , Du Yuzheng , Meng Zhihong
Published: April 2022

Background. Aphasia is a common symptom in stroke patients, presenting with the impairment of spontaneous speech, repetition, naming, auditory comprehension, reading, and writing function. Multiple rehabilitation methods have been suggested for the recovery of poststroke aphasia, including medication treatment, behavioral therapy, and stimulation approach. Acupuncture has been proven to have a beneficial effect on improving speech functions in repetition, oral speech, reading, comprehension, and writing ability. Neuroimaging technology provides a visualized way to explore cerebral neural activity, which helps reveal the therapeutic effect of acupuncture therapy. In this systematic review, we aim to reveal and summarize the neuroimaging mechanism of acupuncture therapy on poststroke aphasia to provide the foundation for further study. Methods. Seven electronic databases were searched including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wanfang databases, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database. After screening the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we summarized the neuroimaging mechanism of acupuncture on poststroke aphasia, as well as the utilization of acupuncture therapy and the methodological characteristics. Result. After searching, 885 articles were retrieved. After removing the literature studies, animal studies, and case reports, 16 studies were included in the final analysis. For the acupuncture type, 10 studies used manual acupuncture and 5 studies used electroacupuncture, while body acupuncture (10 studies), scalp acupuncture (7 studies), and tongue acupuncture (8 studies) were applied for poststroke aphasia patients. Based on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technologies, 4 neuroimaging analysis methods were used including amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), seed-based analysis, and independent component analysis (ICA). Two studies reported the instant acupuncture effect, and 14 studies reported the constant acupuncture’s effect on poststroke aphasia patients. 5 studies analyzed the correlation between the neuroimaging outcomes and the clinical language scales. Conclusion. In this systematic review, we found that the mechanism of acupuncture’s effect might be associated with the activation and functional connectivity of language-related brain areas, such as brain areas around Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area in the left inferior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. However, these studies were still in the preliminary stage. Multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCT) with large sample sizes were needed to verify current evidence, as well as to explore deeply the neuroimaging mechanisms of acupuncture’s effects.
Spreading Scientific Knowledge in China: Personalized Social Media Influence Elements
Authors: Li Mengyu , Wang Yao , Yasin Megat Al Imran , Hashim Norliana Binti , Ang Lay Hoon , Kang Hongzhe
Published: April 2022

China’s society continues to be shaped by social media, which is both inescapable and indispensable. Remarkably, the majority of Chinese firms and private organizations have achieved success by making use of the possibilities provided by social media platforms. Notwithstanding incredible successes via social media, the majority of Chinese social media users lack scientific understanding, and as a result, there is a deficiency in the dissemination and popularization of scientific information among users of Chinese social media platforms. To bridge this gap, this study investigates specific features of social media based on scientific knowledge and proposes a scientific information propagation framework characterized by individual impact characteristics such as personal message, personal branding, service mentality strategy, exciting content, accurate and authentic, real-time streaming, and exclusive events. Among these factors, personal branding acquired a factor score of 23%, real-time streaming acquired a factor score of 20%, and service attitude approach received a factor score of 19.5%. Similarly, real and authentic personal messaging had a factor score of 15.6%. From the outcomes, we anticipated that personal or individual impact elements, such as personal branding, might affect the diffusion and popularization of scientific information among Chinese social media users.
The Relationship between Intracarotid Plaque Neovascularization and Lp (a) and Lp-PLA2 in Elderly Patients with Carotid Plaque Stenosis
Authors: Sun Chang , Xi Na , Sun Zhijun , Zhang Xinxin , Wang Xiaowei , Cao Huiyang , Jia Xiaowei
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between carotid plaque neovascularization and lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in elderly patients with carotid plaque stenosis. One hundred elderly patients with carotid plaque stenosis diagnosed in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into stable (

n
=
62

) and unstable (

n
=
38

) groups according to whether the plaque was stable or not. Plasma Lp (a), Lp-PLA2, apoA, and apoB levels were measured; intraplaque angiogenesis (IPN) scores were examined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to assess IPN grade in patients; and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between plasma Lp (a) and Lp-PLA2 levels and plaque characteristics and angiogenesis. The maximum thickness and total thickness of carotid plaque in the unstable group were significantly greater than those in the stable group (

P
<
0.05

); the IPN grade was mainly grade III and IV in the unstable group and grade II in the stable group, and the IPN score was significantly higher in the unstable group than in the stable group (

P
<
0.05

); there was no significant difference in the plasma apoA and apoB levels between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

), and the plasma Lp (a) and Lp-PLA2 levels were significantly higher in the unstable group than in the stable group (

P
<
0.05

); the neovascular grade, plasma Lp-PLA2, and Lp (a) levels were significantly increased (

P
<
0.05

); the plasma Lp (a) and Lp-PLA2 levels were positively correlated with the maximum plaque thickness, total plaque thickness, degree of stenosis, and angiogenesis (

P
<
0.05

). The plasma levels of Lp (a) and Lp-PLA2 are positively correlated with intraplaque angiogenesis, and their levels can reflect the stability of carotid plaques.
Improved Hypercube Optimisation Search Algorithm for Optimisation of High Dimensional Functions
Authors: Tunay Mustafa , Abiyev Rahib
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes a stochastic search algorithm called improved hypercube optimisation search (HOS+) to find a better solution for optimisation problems. This algorithm is an improvement of the hypercube optimisation algorithm that includes initialization, displacement-shrink and searching area modules. The proposed algorithm has a new random parameters (RP) module that uses two control parameters in order to prevent premature convergence and slow finishing and improve the search accuracy considerable. Many optimisation problems can sometimes cause getting stuck into an interior local optimal solution. HOS+ algorithm that uses a random module can solve this problem and find the global optimal solution. A set of experiments were done in order to test the performance of the algorithm. At first, the performance of the proposed algorithm is tested using low and high dimensional benchmark functions. The simulation results indicated good convergence and much better performance at the lowest of iterations. The HOS+ algorithm is compared with other meta heuristic algorithms using the same benchmark functions on different dimensions. The comparative results indicated the superiority of the HOS+ algorithm in terms of obtaining the best optimal value and accelerating convergence solutions.
Rheological Model for Generalized Energy and Mass Transfer through Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Comprised of Magnetized Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Al-Mubaddel Fahad S. , Allehiany F. M. , Nofal Taher A. , Alam Mohammad Mahtab , Ali Aatif , Asamoah Joshua Kiddy K.
Published: April 2022

The goal of the current research is to evaluate a 3D stagnation point flow of Darcy Forchheimer’s hybrid nanofluid (NF) through a heated wavy flexible cylinder under the influence of slip conditions and varying thickness. A numerical model is developed for the purpose to magnify the energy and mass transmission rate and maximize the efficiency and performance of thermal energy conduction for a variety of commercial and biological purposes through methanol‐based hybrid NF flow consisting of cobalt ferrite and copper nanoparticles. Due to their inclusive range of applications, copper and cobalt iron oxide nanoparticles are gaining a lot of attention in medical and technical research. The model has been articulated in the form of a set of PDEs, which are reduced by the resemblance substitutions to the system of ODEs. The obtained 1st‐order differential equations are further processed by the computational strategy PCM. For the sake of accuracy and credibility, the values are verified with the bvp4c package. The findings are physically exhibited and analyzed. It has been observed that the induced magnetic field lessens with the upshot of the magnetic term and enhances under the action of magnetic Prandtl number M. The energy profile declines due to the variation of thermal jump constraint and boosts with the absorption and generation term.
Phenytoin Is Promoting the Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells into the Direction of Odontogenesis/Osteogenesis by Activating BMP4/Smad Pathway
Authors: Shang Wei , Xiong Shijiang
Published: April 2022

Background. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the potential and mechanism of phenytoin to promote differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) into odontoblasts/osteoblasts. Methods. Fourth-generation human hDPSC originating from healthy pulp of third molars was cultured in control as well as phenytoin-containing media (PHT) for 14 days. qPCR was applied to detect the expression of DSPP, DMP1, and ALP genes. Western blot analysis was used to confirm the findings. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis (

p
<
0.05

). Information about phenytoin was assessed from PubChem database, while targets of phenytoin were assessed from six databases. Drug targets were extracted based on the differentially expressed genes (

logFC

≥
1

,

p
<
0.05

) in the experimental group (50 mg/L PHT, 14 days). GO BP and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the obtained drug targets was performed and the target protein functional network diagram was constructed. Results. A concentration below 200 mg/L PHT had no obvious toxicity to hDPSC. The expression of DSPP, DMP1, and ALP genes in the 50 mg/L PHT concentration group increased significantly. The WB experiment showed that the protein content of BMP4, Smad1/5/9, and p-Smad1/5 was significantly increased in 50 mg/L PHT in comparison with the NC group (the group without treatment of PHT) at 14 days. Conclusion. Phenytoin has the ability of promoting the differentiation of hDPSC into odontoblasts and osteoblasts. BMP4/Smad pathway, inducing odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSC, appears a main process in this context.
Cloud-Based Collaborative English Online and Offline Hybrid Teaching
Authors: Wu Xiao
Published: April 2022

In the information age, teachers are not the only source of information. The traditional teaching method brings problems such as passive learning and low interest in learning. This paper is aimed at studying how to analyze and study the hybrid teaching of English online and offline based on cloud collaboration and describing edge computing. This paper proposes the problem of mixed teaching of English online and offline. This question builds on the fundamentals of cloud collaboration. Therefore, the concept and related algorithms are expounded, and the case design and analysis of blended teaching are carried out. The experimental results show that in the follow-up questionnaire survey, online and offline blended teaching is applied to teaching practice. This brings the average academic performance of college English courses to 4.03. Compared with the previous academic performance, there has been obvious progress and improvement.
Systematic Elaboration of the Pharmacological Targets and Potential Mechanisms of ZhiKe GanCao Decoction for Preventing and Delaying Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Sun Wanqing , Chen Yuan , Li Miao
Published: April 2022

Background. ZhiKe GanCao Decoction (ZKGCD) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in the clinical treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, its active ingredients and mechanism of action remain unclear. This study aims to propose the systematic mechanism of ZKGCD action on IDD based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and enrichment analysis. Methods. Firstly, the common target genes between ZKGCD and IDD were identified through relevant databases. Secondly, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of common genes was constructed and further analyzed to determine the core active ingredients and key genes. Thirdly, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of common genes were performed. Finally, the stability of the binding between core active ingredients and key genes was verified by molecular docking analysis. Results. “Intersecting genes-active components” network consists of 154 active ingredients and 133 common genes. The ten key genes are AKT1, TNF, IL6, TP53, IL1B, JUN, CASP3, STAT3, MMP9, and MAPK3. Meanwhile, quercetin (Mol000098), luteolin (Mol000006), and kaempferol (Mol000422) are the most important core active ingredients. The main signal pathways selected by KEGG enrichment analysis includes AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications (hsa04933), TNF signaling pathway (hsa04668), IL-17 signaling pathway (hsa04657), cellular senescence (hsa04218), apoptosis (hsa04210), and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (hsa04151), which are mainly involved in inflammation, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. Conclusion. This study provides a basis for further elucidating the mechanism of action of ZKGCD in the treatment of IDD and offers a new perspective on the conversion of the active ingredient in ZKGCD into new drugs for treating IDD.
Prevalence of Viral Hepatitis B, C, and D in Kazakhstan
Authors: Jumabayeva Almagul , Nersesov Alexander , Kulzhanov Maksut , Nefedova Margarita , Nuraliyeva Gulsana , Rakhimbekova Gulnar , Tanabayeva Shynar , Fakhradiyev Ildar
Published: April 2022

Background. Viral hepatitis is a major burden for the healthcare system worldwide. Up to date, a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of viral hepatitis in Kazakhstan and Central Asia has not been carried out yet. Our epidemiological study aimed at investigating the frequency and spread of viral hepatitis B, C, and D depending on age and sex in Kazakhstan (5-year period). Materials and Methods. We utilized the data from the primary registration of the incidence of hepatitis B, C, and D in 18 regions of Kazakhstan (period: from 2015 to 2020). Age indicators, gender, and territorial characteristics of registered cases were determined and analysed. The data were obtained from the state information system “Electronic Register of Dispensary Patients”, based on the International Classification of Diseases-10 for coding diseases. Results. During the period studied, 268 975 cases of hepatitis B, C, and D were detected in Kazakhstan. Hepatitis B was registered in n = 109 734 cases. In women, the incidence rate was 40.6% of all cases (n = 44545), and in men it was 59.4% (n = 65189) of all cases (

p
≤
0.01

). Hepatitis D was detected in 8 656 cases, of which 58.3% (n = 5049) were in men and 41.7% (n = 3607) in women (

p
≤
0.01

). Hepatitis C was registered in n = 159 585 cases. The rate was higher in the male population (54.6%; n = 82 203) compared to women 45.4% (n = 68382) (

p
≤
0.01

). In 2020 (in comparison with 2015), there was a significant increase in the incidence of hepatitis D by 68.3%, hepatitis B by 49.8%, and hepatitis C by 46.4%. The largest prevalence of hepatitis D was recorded in 2016 which is 22.3% higher compared to 2020. A significant increase in hepatitis C was recorded in 2019 compared to 2015, where indicators were 49.2% higher. Conclusion. An analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis B, C, and D showed an increase in new cases in Kazakhstan. These findings indicate the need to develop effective preventive measures and screening strategies among people in a high-risk group. The results of the study can be used for the development of a national program to combat the spread of viral hepatitis.
Modeling and Solving the Dynamic Task Allocation Problem of Heterogeneous UAV Swarm in Unknown Environment
Authors: Peng Qiang , Wu Husheng , Li Na
Published: April 2022

As a NP‐hard problem that needs to be solved in real time, the dynamic task allocation problem of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm has gradually become a difficulty and hotspot in the current planning field. Aiming at the problems of poor real‐time performance and low quality of the solution in the dynamic task allocation of heterogeneous UAV swarm in uncertain environment, this paper establishes a dynamic task allocation model that can meet the actual needs and uses the binary wolf pack algorithm (BWPA) to solve it, so as to propose a dynamic task allocation method of heterogeneous UAV swarm in uncertain environment. In this method, a dynamic mechanism of attacking while searching and priority attacking of important targets is designed. A dynamic task allocation model of multitarget, multitask, heterogeneous multiaircraft platform and multiconstraint is established based on the target cost‐effectiveness ratio and task execution time window. In addition, one‐dimensional 0–1 coding method is adopted to encode the task allocation scheme. Furthermore, the wolf pack algorithm (WPA) is introduced in brief. This paper focuses on the BWPA with the good computational robustness and strong global search ability to solve the dynamic allocation model. According to the simulation results, the designed task allocation method not only has good adaptability to the change of target and UAV number, as well as good stability and scalability, but also can effectively solve the dynamic task allocation problem of heterogeneous UAV swarm in unknown environment. Therefore, the established model and solution method can provide a useful reference for task allocation and other related problems.