bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the millipede genus Typhloiulus Latzel, 1884 (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae), with a description of three new species from Bulgaria and Greece
Authors: VAGALINSKI BOYAN , STOEV Pavel , ENGHOFF HENRIK
Published: August 2015

The mostly cavernicolous and endogean millipede genus Typhloiulus Latzel, 1884 (Julida: Julidae) is hitherto known to comprise 33–36 species distributed in the Balkan and Apennine peninsulas, as well as the adjacent parts of the Alps and the Carpathian Arch. Here we describe three new species, T. bulgaricus sp. n., T. orpheus sp. n. and T. rhodopinus sp. n., collected from caves and other subterranean habitats in Bulgaria and Greece. Furthermore, the taxonomic descriptions of some poorly known species are emended and/or new distribution data given. T. staregai Strasser, 1973, is synonymized with T. strictus (Latzel, 1882). A neotype of T. kotelensis Jawłowski, 1938, of which the original type material is thought to be lost, is designated, and a checklist of Typhloiulus species is provided.
New and little known Limacodidae (Lepidoptera) from Xizang, China
Authors: PAN ZHAOHUI , WU CHUNSHENG
Published: August 2015

Five new and little known species of Limacodidae are reported from Xizang, China. Among them, Pseudohampsonella bayizhena Wu & Pan, sp. nov. and Squamosa monosa Wu & Pan, sp. nov. are described as new, Pseudocaissa Solovyev & Witt and P. marvelosa (Yoshimoto) are newly recorded in China, and Miresa urga Hering and Scopelodes kwangtungensis Hering are reported for the first time in Xizang. The female genitalia are described for the first time in the genus Squamosa Bethune-Baker. Photographs of moths and the genitalia of new species and newly recorded species are given. A list of the Limacodidae known from Xizang, China is also included.
How Well Do the CMIP5 Models Simulate the Antarctic Atmospheric Energy Budget?
Authors: Previdi Michael , Smith Karen L. , Polvani Lorenzo M.
Published: August 2015

The authors evaluate 23 coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5) in terms of their ability to simulate the observed climatological mean energy budget of the Antarctic atmosphere. While the models are shown to capture the gross features of the energy budget well [e.g., the observed two-way balance between the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) net radiation and horizontal convergence of atmospheric energy transport], the simulated TOA absorbed shortwave (SW) radiation is too large during austral summer. In the multimodel mean, this excessive absorption reaches approximately 10 W m−2, with even larger biases (up to 25–30 W m−2) in individual models. Previous studies have identified similar climate model biases in the TOA net SW radiation at Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes and have attributed these biases to errors in the simulated cloud cover. Over the Antarctic, though, model cloud errors are of secondary importance, and biases in the simulated TOA net SW flux are instead driven mainly by biases in the clear-sky SW reflection. The latter are likely related in part to the models’ underestimation of the observed annual minimum in Antarctic sea ice extent, thus underscoring the importance of sea ice in the Antarctic energy budget. Finally, substantial differences in the climatological surface energy fluxes between existing observational datasets preclude any meaningful assessment of model skill in simulating these fluxes.
Reactivity and reusability of immobilized zinc oxide nanoparticles in fibers on methyl parathion decontamination
Authors: Han Y , Obendorf SK
Published: August 2015

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were used as the photocatalyst to develop self-decontaminating fibers for potential use as chemical protective materials. Since ZnO is an effective photocatalyst for degradation of organophosphate, it was incorporated in electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl parathion, an organophosphate, upon exposure to ZnO-PAN fibers was evaluated and found to be effective for reuse for up to five exposure cycles. High performance liquid chromatography, UV-vis spectroscopy, calculations of octanol–water partition coefficients, and 31P NMR spectroscopy were used to determine that hydrolysis is the probably mechanism for photocatalytic degradation.
Stretching the concept of ‘borrowed size’
Authors: Meijers Evert J , Burger Martijn J
Published: August 2015

‘Borrowed size’ is an emerging policy concept in several European countries, presenting theoretical potential to explain contemporary urban dynamics unaddressed through conventional urban growth theories that emphasise the role of agglomeration economies. In its original conceptualisation by Alonso, the concept describes and explains the situation that especially smaller cities that are located in a larger ‘megapolitan complex’ do perform better because they have access to agglomeration benefits of larger neighbouring cities. This paper scrutinises the concept of borrowed size, thereby focusing on its conceptualisation and reviewing its empirical justification thus far. Our empirical analyses show that the concept must be stretched in terms of scale and scope to enhance its policy value. Borrowed size occurs when a city possesses urban functions and/or performance levels normally associated with larger cities. This is enabled through interactions in networks of cities across multiple spatial scales. These networks serve as a substitute for the benefits of agglomeration. Theoretically, the borrowed size concept demands a recasting of the geographical foundations of agglomeration theory.
Towards a multi-ethnic public sphere? African-Australian media and minority–majority relations
Authors: Budarick John , Han Gil-Soo
Published: August 2015

The potential connections between minority ethnic media producers and the majority ethnic group in multicultural societies have received little academic attention. As a result, important questions regarding the role of ethnic minority media beyond their specialised audiences have remained largely unanswered. In this article, we draw upon a series of interviews with African-Australian media producers in Melbourne and interrogate the relationship between ethnic minority media and the broader Australian public sphere. Drawing on Husband’s notion of the multi-ethnic public sphere as an ideal-type model, we analyse the explicit and implicit attempts by African-Australian broadcasters and media producers to communicate across communities and to positively impact the practices and understandings of White Australian journalists and audiences.
Continuous Loop Double Endobutton Reconstruction for Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation
Authors: Struhl Steven , Wolfson Theodore S.
Published: August 2015

Background:

Current anatomic methods for reconstruction of the dislocated acromioclavicular (AC) joint show improved clinical results but continue to be associated with significant rates of fixation loss and complications, limiting more widespread use.

Purpose:

To determine the long-term clinical and radiologic outcomes of a novel surgical technique using a closed-loop double Endobutton device to reconstruct both acute and chronic dislocations.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Between 2003 and 2012, a total of 35 patients (31 men, 4 women) at a mean age of 42 years (range, 25-70 years) were surgically treated for a Rockwood type III or greater AC joint dislocation with the described technique (26 chronic, 9 acute). Imbrication of the AC joint capsule and deltotrapezial fascia was performed in all patients. Biological bridging across the coracoclavicular (CC) interval was performed in all patients by use of coracoacromial (CA) ligament transfer in 28 patients and primary repair of the CC ligament in 7 patients. Complete follow-up information was obtained for 31 of 35 patients.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 5.2 years (range, 27-144 months), the construct remained stable in all but 1 patient. The mean CC interval difference was 1.1 mm (range, –2.5 to 4.0 mm) and was <2 mm in 87% of patients. The mean Constant score was 98; the mean University of California, Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale score was 34; and the mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score was 98. Follow-up MRI evaluation in 10 patients consistently demonstrated a wide band of dense scar tissue between the coracoid and clavicle. No infections, fractures, or perioperative complications occurred.

Conclusion:

Excellent results were obtained and maintained over long-term follow-up. The continuous loop device eliminated the possibility of knot slippage or breakage. MRI confirmed a robust healing response. The described technique resulted in outcomes that were significantly superior to historical reports of nonsurgical outcomes, and the technique can be recommended both for acute and chronic dislocations.
Perceptions, Behaviors, and Satisfaction Related to Public Safety for Persons With Disabilities in the United States
Authors: Brucker Debra L.
Published: August 2015

Data from the 2008 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation is used to investigate fear of crime and satisfaction with police services among adults with and without disabilities in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas in the United States, controlling for individual-level characteristics. Persons with disabilities feel less safe, are more likely to exhibit protective behaviors due to safety concerns, and are less satisfied with police services than persons without disabilities. Multivariate results suggest that persons with a disability who live in nonmetropolitan areas have fewer concerns around personal safety but are generally less satisfied with local police services than persons with disabilities who live in metropolitan areas. Policy implications and future research directions are discussed.
An Exploratory Analysis of Time Lapses in Serving Arrest Warrants
Authors: Johnson Richard R. , Klahm Charles F. , Maddox Harrison G.
Published: August 2015

The seizure of persons through the authority of an arrest warrant issued by a magistrate is the only method of arrest specifically enumerated in the U.S. Constitution, yet scant research exists on the processing and serving of arrest warrants. This study investigated the correlates of how long it took a sample of arrest warrants to be served by law enforcement officials. Using focal concerns and disproportionate police contact underpinnings, the findings revealed the characteristics predictive of rapid service of warrants in this jurisdiction were weakly associated with the focal concerns perspective and generally unrelated to the disproportionate contact perspective. The findings highlight the need for more detailed study of, and the development of, better theoretical foundations for this issue.
Streptococcal Diversity of Human Milk and Comparison of Different Methods for the Taxonomic Identification of Streptococci
Authors: Martín Virginia , Mediano Pilar , del Campo Rosa , Rodríguez Juan M. , Marín María
Published: August 2015

Background:

The genus Streptococcus is 1 of the dominant bacterial groups in human milk, but the taxonomic identification of some species remains difficult.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the discriminatory ability of different methods to identify streptococcal species in order to perform an assessment of the streptococcal diversity of human milk microbiota as accurately as possible.

Methods:

The identification of 105 streptococcal strains from human milk was performed by 16S rRNA, tuf, and sodA gene sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.

Results:

Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus parasanguinis were the streptococcal dominant species in the human milk microbiota. Sequencing of housekeeping genes allowed the classification of 96.2% (16S rRNA), 84.8% ( sodA), and 88.6% ( tuf) of the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed 3 main streptococcal clusters corresponding with the mitis (73 isolates), salivarius (29), mutans (1)-pyogenic (2) groups, but many of the mitis group isolates (36) could not be assigned to any species. The application of the MALDI-TOF Bruker Biotyper system resulted in the identification of 56 isolates (53.33%) at the species level, but it could not discriminate between S pneumoniae and S mitis isolates, in contrast to the Vitek-MS system.

Conclusion:

There was a good agreement among the different methods assessed in this study to identify those isolates of the salivarius, mutans, and pyogenic groups, whereas unambiguous discrimination could not be achieved concerning some species of the mitis group ( S mitis, S pneumoniae, S pseudopneumoniae, S oralis).
Low-Grade, Nonintestinal Nonsalivary Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma Associated With an Exophytic Schneiderian Papilloma
Authors: Blumberg Jeffrey M. , Escobar-Stein Juliana , Vining Eugenia M. , Prasad Manju L.
Published: August 2015

Sinonasal adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor of the head and neck accounting for 10% to 20% of all primary malignancies of the nose and paranasal sinuses. There tumors are classified as salivary, intestinal and nonintestinal, nonsalivary. Low-grade nonintestinal nonsalivary are rare tumors whose diagnosis is essentially that of exclusion. Here we present the first case of one such tumor associated with an exophyic Schneiderian papilloma. A 71-year-old retired aerospace engineer presented with a 1-year history of severe nasal obstruction. Endoscopy and compted tomography imaging demonstrated a polypoid lesion occupying his entire right nasal cavity extending into and filling the nasopharynx. Biopsy suggested adenocarcinoma, at least in situ and the patient subsequently underwent complete resection. Pathologic evaluation demonstrated polypoid tumor consistent with a low-grade papillary adenocarcinoma with micropapillary architecture associated with a small amount of residual exophytic Schneiderian papilloma. Immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse expression of CK7, CK 5/6, and S100 protein in tumor cells. Expression of p63 was seen in basal cells only. Tumor cells did not show expression of CK20, CDX2 (intestinal markers), mammaglobin, GATA3 (salivary markers), PAX8, WT1, nor estrogen, progesterone, or androgen receptors confirming its nonintestinal nonsalivary differentiation.
Eculizumab in Transplant-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Authors: Dhakal Prajwal , Giri Smith , Pathak Ranjan , Bhatt Vijaya Raj
Published: August 2015

Introduction:

Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a rare entity with no standard of care and high mortality, despite the use of plasma exchange.

Methods:

Using specific search terms, all cases having TA-TMA treated with eculizumab and indexed in MEDLINE (English language only) by November 2014 were reviewed.

Results:

A total of 26 cases, 53% men, had a median age of 33 years (range 2-61). Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy occurred after stem-cell transplant (35%) or solid-organ transplant (65%), frequently associated with the use of cyclosporine or tacrolimus (96%). A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS 13) level was always >10%. After TA-TMA diagnosis, the following drug adjustments were made: discontinuation of cyclosporine or tacrolimus in 45%, dose reduction in another 27%, continuation of the drugs in 23%, and switch from cyclosporine to tacrolimus in remaining 5%. Plasma exchange was performed in ∼43%. The median interval between transplant and initiation of eculizumab was 63 days (range 11-512). A median of 5.5 doses (range 2-21) of eculizumab was utilized with 92% response occurring after a median of 2 doses (range 1-18). At a median follow-up of 52 weeks (range 3-113), the survivors (92%) were doing well.

Conclusion:

Within the limits of this retrospective analysis, our study demonstrates that eculizumab use may result in high response rate and 1-year survival in patients with TA-TMA refractory to discontinuation of calcineurin inhibitor and plasma exchange.
Variations in life expectancy in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries – 1985–2010
Authors: Zare Hossein , Gaskin Darrell J. , Anderson Gerard
Published: August 2015

Aim: We examined the impact of different behavioral factors of health on the variations in the levels and rate of increase in life expectancy in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries between 1985 and 2010. Methods: Using the World Health Organization’s conceptual framework of socio-economic determinants of health, we incorporated Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank and United Nations data to estimate the impact of these variables on life expectancy for 30 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. We used a random effect model to control the fixed effect of year and each country. Results: Results show that the level of health care spending is the most important factor predicting life expectancy. Other important factors are gross domestic product per capita, labor productivity, years of schooling and percentage of gross domestic product spending allocated for public services. Life expectancy was reduced by smoking and higher daily calorie consumption. Countries that were previously part of the Soviet Union had lower life expectancies. Political factors had only a minor impact on life expectancy. Conclusions: Life expectancy increased an average of 5.1 years in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries between 1985 and 2010, but there was wide variation. Health spending per capita, economic factors and two behavioral factors – smoking and caloric intake – explained most of the variation and suggest where increased policy attention could have the greatest impact on life expectancy. Policymakers who consider our estimates recognize that they may see greater or less impact depending on the characteristics of their nation.
Predictors of online health information seeking behavior: Changes between 2002 and 2012
Authors: Li Jinhui , Theng Yin-Leng , Foo Schubert
Published: August 2015

The Internet has become an important and preferred source of health information. Although the literature has highlighted several key predictors that influence an individual’s online health information seeking behavior, insufficient attention has been paid to the changes in the predictors’ roles and effects over time. This study explores and compares the effects that specific predictors had on online health information seeking behavior over a period of 10 years by integrating and analyzing two Pew datasets collected in 2002 and 2012. Hierarchical regression analyses indicate that socio-demographic factors and overall health condition are significant predictors that had an increasing impact on online health information seeking behavior. However, the impact of Internet usage decreased significantly from 2002 to 2012. A comparison across time contributes to a vertical understanding of the changes in online health information seeking behavior and its predictors and helps health professionals and researchers tailor their informational interventions to meet the up-to-date needs and preferences of users.
Homecoming at Atwater University
Authors: Marshall Sarah M. , Van Pelt Scott , Kingsak Phoebe , Williams Alexander
Published: August 2015

Atwater University (AU) administration is struggling with an increased number of student alcohol-related problems. In particular, during the annual homecoming parade, students are extremely intoxicated and belligerent toward alumni. The new dean of students is appalled by the condoned student behavior. He also received two complaint letters from members of the AU community. The dean of students charges his subordinates with fixing the related problems.
Primum non nocere: a case of a humeral fracture in a patient with fibrodysplasia progressiva ossificans
Authors: Yewlett Alun , Kitson Jeff , Redfern Andrew , Smith Chris
Published: August 2015

Fibrodysplasia progressiva ossificans (FPO) is an extremely rare condition characterized by abnormal heterotopic bone formation. The condition is eponymously known as ‘stoneman’ disease because patients can become effectively entombed within abnormal heterotopic bone. We present the first known case of a diaphyseal humeral fracture managed conservatively in an adult patient with this condition. This patient already had a pre-existing bony bar from a fusion mass involving the thoracic spine, scapula and ribs to her proximal humerus splinting the arm in a position of adduction with the palm of her hand facing towards her groin. This patient also suffered a concomitant unstable cervical spinal fracture for which full spinal precautions were needed. As a result of the rapid bone forming nature of her condition, the humeral fracture was placed in a position where the hand would face outwards to make perineal care and personal hygiene easier in that the fracture was expected to unite in this new position as a result of her FPO.
A Comparison of Women’s Collegiate and Girls’ High School Volleyball Injury Data Collected Prospectively Over a 4-Year Period
Authors: Reeser Jonathan C. , Gregory Andrew , Berg Richard L. , Comstock R. Dawn
Published: August 2015

Background:

There is a relative paucity of research examining the sport-specific injury epidemiology of high school and collegiate volleyball athletes. Moreover, differences in study methodology frequently limit our ability to compare and contrast injury data collected from selected populations.

Hypothesis:

There are differences between the injury patterns characteristic of high school and collegiate female volleyball athletes.

Study Design:

Retrospective clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

We statistically analyzed injury incidence and outcome data collected over a 4-year interval (2005-2006 to 2008-2009) by 2 similar injury surveillance systems, the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s Injury Surveillance System (NCAA ISS) and the High School Reporting Injuries Online (HS RIO). We compared diagnoses, anatomic distribution of injuries, mechanisms of injury, and time lost from training or competition between high school and collegiate volleyball athletes.

Results:

The overall volleyball-related injury rate was significantly greater among collegiate athletes than among high school athletes during both competition (injury rate ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.5-3.4) and practice (injury rate ratio, 3.5; 95% CI, 3.1-3.9). Collegiate athletes had a higher rate of ankle sprain, knee injury, and shoulder injury. Concussions represented a relatively high percentage of injuries in both populations (5.0% of total NCAA ISS injuries vs 4.8% of total HS RIO injuries, respectively).

Conclusion:

The data suggest that although similar, there were distinct differences between the injury patterns of the 2 populations. Compared with high school volleyball players, collegiate athletes have a higher rate of acute time loss injury as well as overuse time loss injury (particularly patellar tendinosis). Concussions represented a significant and worrisome component of the injury pattern for both study populations.

Clinical Relevance:

The injury data suggest that important differences exist in the injury patterns of female high school compared with collegiate volleyball athletes. Consideration of the specific injury patterns may be helpful in future prevention efforts.
Americanization in the Rainbow Nation
Authors: Ferguson Gail M. , Adams Byron G.
Published: August 2015

This article expands remote acculturation research by exploring the presence, vehicles, and well-being implications of Americanization in a racially diverse group of post-Apartheid emerging adults in Johannesburg, South Africa ( N = 370, Mage = 19.8 years: 63% Black, 21% White, 11% Indian, and 5% Coloured). Cluster analyses revealed three Americanized South African clusters constituting 71% of the sample (i.e., African-Americanized, European-Americanized, and Multicultural-Americanized), and one culturally traditional cluster (29%). Receiving U.S. goods and consuming U.S. fast food were the primary vehicles of Americanization. European-Americanized youth had higher life satisfaction than Traditionals and lower psychological distress than African-Americanized youth, after controlling for race. However, remote acculturation was not linked to family values or family conflict. Taken together with prior research, the bicultural and multicultural patterns of remote acculturation profiles appear to be culture universals, although the form (e.g., remote culture targeted) and well-being implications of remote acculturation (i.e., psychological and family) appear to be culture-specific.
Improving Patient Care Through Medical Image Perception Research
Authors: Krupinski Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2015

The interpretation of medical images across medical specialties is critical to patient care. As technology changes, so does health care, and clinicians today are increasingly viewing medical images in a variety of environments. Although access to such data is useful, even clinicians with expertise in image interpretation make errors. These errors may become more frequent as clinician workdays become longer and the number of images to be interpreted becomes larger. To prevent errors in medical image interpretation, we need to understand the underlying perceptual and cognitive mechanisms that guide image interpretation. We can then use what is learned to develop better training methods, automated image analysis, and processing tools. We can devise methods to reduce clinician fatigue and stress, and develop practice guidelines thereby improving patient care and outcomes.
High strength steel (600–900 MPa) deposited metals: microstructure and mechanical properties
Authors: Zhang T. , Li Z. , Ma S. , Kou S. , Jing H.
Published: August 2015

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the deposited metals of five metal cored wires for welding 600–900 MPa ultralow carbon bainitic steels were investigated. It was found that lowering the C content and optimising the Mn, Ni, Mo and Cr contents of the deposited metal significantly improved the strength and toughness. At the lowest strength level (627 MPa), ferrite dominated, mainly acicular ferrite and proeutectoid ferrite. However, at the highest strength level (>800 MPa), bainite dominated, mainly degenerate upper bainite and granular bainite. Good strength toughness match was achieved by a deposited metal having an interlaced multiphase microstructure with degenerate upper bainite and martensite acting as main strengthening phases, and granular bainite and acicular ferrite acting as toughening phases.
Rational Clinical Experiment: Assessing Prior Probability and Its Impact on the Success of Phase II Clinical Trials
Authors: Halperin Daniel M. , Lee J. Jack , Dagohoy Cecile Gonzales , Yao James C.
Published: August 2015

Purpose

Despite a robust clinical trial enterprise and encouraging phase II results, the vast minority of oncologic drugs in development receive regulatory approval. In addition, clinicians occasionally make therapeutic decisions based on phase II data. Therefore, clinicians, investigators, and regulatory agencies require improved understanding of the implications of positive phase II studies. We hypothesized that prior probability of eventual drug approval was significantly different across GI cancers, with substantial ramifications for the predictive value of phase II studies.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of phase II studies conducted between 1999 and 2004 and compared studies against US Food and Drug Administration and National Cancer Institute databases of approved indications for drugs tested in those studies.

Results

In all, 317 phase II trials were identified and followed for a median of 12.5 years. Following completion of phase III studies, eventual new drug application approval rates varied from 0% (zero of 45) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma to 34.8% (24 of 69) for colon adenocarcinoma. The proportion of drugs eventually approved was correlated with the disease under study (P < .001). The median type I error for all published trials was 0.05, and the median type II error was 0.1, with minimal variation. By using the observed median type I error for each disease, phase II studies have positive predictive values ranging from less than 1% to 90%, depending on primary site of the cancer.

Conclusion

Phase II trials in different GI malignancies have distinct prior probabilities of drug approval, yielding quantitatively and qualitatively different predictive values with similar statistical designs. Incorporation of prior probability into trial design may allow for more effective design and interpretation of phase II studies.
Architecture of GnRH-Gonadotrope-Vasculature Reveals a Dual Mode of Gonadotropin Regulation in Fish
Authors: Golan Matan , Zelinger Einat , Zohar Yonathan , Levavi-Sivan Berta
Published: August 2015

The function and components of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis are conserved among vertebrates; however, in fish, a neuroglandular mode of delivery (direct contact between axons and endocrine cells) was considered dominant, whereas in tetrapods hypothalamic signals are relayed to their targets via the hypophysial portal blood system (neurovascular delivery mode). By using a transgenic zebrafish model we studied the functional and anatomical aspects of gonadotrope regulation thus revisiting the existing model. FSH cells were found to be situated close to the vasculature whereas the compact organization of LH cells prevented direct contact of all cells with the circulation. GnRH3 fibers formed multiple boutons upon reaching the pituitary, but most of these structures were located in the neurohypophysis rather than adjacent to gonadotropes. A close association was observed between FSH cells and GnRH3 boutons, but only a fifth of the LH cells were in direct contact with GnRH3 axons, suggesting that FSH cells are more directly regulated than LH cells. GnRH3 fibers closely followed the vasculature in the neurohypophysis and formed numerous boutons along these tracts. These vessels were found to be permeable to relatively large molecules, suggesting the uptake of GnRH3 peptides. Our findings have important implications regarding the differential regulation of LH and FSH and contradict the accepted notion that fish pituitary cells are mostly regulated directly by hypothalamic fibers. Instead, we provide evidence that zebrafish apply a dual mode of gonadotrope regulation by GnRH3 that combines both neuroglandular and neurovascular components.
Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of the Ligand Coupling Reaction of Hypervalent Pentacoordinate Antimony Compounds
Authors: Kobayashi Masato , Kuroda Yusuke , Akiba Kin-ya , Taketsugu Tetsuya
Published: August 2015

The ligand coupling reaction (LCR) of hypervalent pentacoordinate antimony compounds (ArnTol5−nSb; Ar = p-trifluoromethylphenyl, Tol = p-methylphenyl; n = 0–5) was analyzed via the long-range-corrected density functional theory. Although previous experimental or computational investigations have suggested apical–apical or equatorial–equatorial coupling of ArnTol5−nSb compounds, the present results lead to apical–equatorial coupling. The biased experimental ratios of the coupling products, which were grounds for apical–apical coupling, can be explained by the stability of the transition-state (TS) structure for the apical–equatorial coupling, where n–π* interaction plays an important role to the stabilization. We further investigated the potential energy surface of H5Sb, for which the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) from the TS structure for LCR indicates the equatorial–equatorial coupling. It is found that the valley-ridge transition occurs along the IRC near the TS structure and the transverse vibrational mode with imaginary frequency, orthogonal to the IRC, directs to the reactant structure corresponding to the apical–equatorial coupling.
Pain and sickness behavior associated with corneal lesions in dairy calves
Authors: Woods Brandon J. , Millman Suzanne T. , da Silva Natalia A. , Dewell Reneé D. , Parsons Rebecca L. , Wang Chong , O'Connor Annette M.
Published: August 2015

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a common corneal disease of calves that adversely affects animal welfare by causing pain and weight loss. Identifying behavioral indicators of pain and sickness in calves with IBK is necessary for designing studies that aim to identify effective means of pain mitigation. Consistent with principles of the 3Rs for animal use in research, data from a randomized blinded challenge study was used to identify and describe variation of behaviors that could serve as reliable indicators of pain and sickness in calves with corneal injuries. Behavioral observations were collected from 29 Holstein calves 8 to 12 weeks of age randomly allocated to one of three treatments: (1) corneal scarification only, (2) corneal scarification with inoculation withMoraxella bovoculiand (3) corneal scarification with inoculation withMoraxella bovis. Behavior was continuously observed between time 1230 - 1730 h on day -1 (baseline time period) and day 0 (scarification time period). Corneal scarification and inoculation occurred between 0800 - 1000 h on day 0. Frequency of head-directed behaviors (head shaking, head rubbing, head scratching) and durations of head rubbing, feeding, standing with head lifted, lying with head lifted and sleeping were compared between study days and groups. Following scarification, the frequency of head-directed behavior significantly increased (p = 0.0001), as did duration of head rubbing (p=0.02). There was no significant effect of trial, trial day, treatment or treatment-day interaction on other behaviors studied. Our study demonstrated that head-directed behavior, such as head shaking, rubbing and scratching, was associated with scarification of eyes using an IBK challenge model, but sickness behavior was not observed.
Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy of Synthetic Hydroxyapatites and Human Dental Tissues
Authors: Kolmas Joanna , Marek Dariusz , Kolodziejski Waclaw
Published: August 2015

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was used to analyze synthetic hydroxyapatite calcined at various temperatures, synthetic carbonated hydroxyapatite, and human hard dental tissues (enamel and dentin). The NIR bands of those materials in the combination, first-overtone, and second-overtone spectral regions were assigned and evaluated for structural characterization. They were attributed to adsorbed and structural water, structural hydroxyl (OH) groups and surface P–OH groups. The NIR spectral features were quantitatively discussed in view of proton solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (1H MAS NMR) results. We conclude that the NIR spectra of apatites are useful in the structural characterization of synthetic and biogenic apatites.
Non-Complexing Anions for Quantitative Speciation Studies Using Raman Spectroscopy in Fused Silica High-Pressure Optical Cells under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Applegarth Lucas M.S.G.A. , Alcorn Christopher , Bissonette Katherine , Noël John , Tremaine Peter R.
Published: August 2015

This paper reports methods for obtaining time-dependent reduced isotropic Raman spectra of aqueous species in quartz capillary high-pressure optical cells under hydrothermal conditions, as a means of determining quantitative speciation in hydrothermal fluids. The methods have been used to determine relative Raman scattering coefficients and to examine the thermal decomposition kinetics of the non-complexing anions bisulfate (HSO4−), perchlorate (CIO4−), perrhenate (ReO4−), and trifluoromethanesulfonate, or “triflate” (CF3SO3−) in acidic and neutral solutions at temperatures up to 400 °C and 30 MPa. Arrhenius expressions for calculating the thermal decomposition rate constants are also reported. Thermal stabilities in the acidic solutions followed the order HSO4− (stable) > ReO4− > CIO4− > CF3SO3− with half-lives (t1/2) > 7 h at 300 °C. In neutral solutions, the order was HSO4− (stable) > CF3SO3− > ReO4− > CIO4−, with t1/2 > 8 h at 350 °C. CF3SO3− was extremely stable in neutral solutions, with t1/2 > 11 h at 400 °C.
Autocorrelation Analysis Combined with a Wavelet Transform Method to Detect and Remove Cosmic Rays in a Single Raman Spectrum
Authors: Maury Augusto , Revilla Reynier I.
Published: August 2015

Cosmic rays (CRs) occasionally affect charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors, introducing large spikes with very narrow bandwidth in the spectrum. These CR features can distort the chemical information expressed by the spectra. Consequently, we propose here an algorithm to identify and remove significant spikes in a single Raman spectrum. An autocorrelation analysis is first carried out to accentuate the CRs feature as outliers. Subsequently, with an adequate selection of the threshold, a discrete wavelet transform filter is used to identify CR spikes. Identified data points are then replaced by interpolated values using the weighted-average interpolation technique. This approach only modifies the data in a close vicinity of the CRs. Additionally, robust wavelet transform parameters are proposed (a desirable property for automation) after optimizing them with the application of the method in a great number of spectra. However, this algorithm, as well as all the single-spectrum analysis procedures, is limited to the cases in which CRs have much narrower bandwidth than the Raman bands. This might not be the case when low-resolution Raman instruments are used.
Drop-Coating Deposition Raman (DCDR) Spectroscopy as a Tool for Membrane Interaction Studies: Liposome–Porphyrin Complex
Authors: Kočišová Eva , Procházka Marek , Vaculčiaková Lenka
Published: August 2015

Drop-coating deposition Raman (DCDR) spectroscopy is based on the measurement of a sample that has been preconcentrated by being dried on a special hydrophobic plate. In addition to its higher sensitivity, the advantage of DCDR over the conventional Raman spectroscopy is the small sample volume needed, the lack of interference from solvents, and the capability of segregating any impurities present and separating components in more complex samples. In this study, DCDR spectroscopy was employed to investigate the complex of the cationic copper(II) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (CuTMPyP) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) liposomes. Drop-coating deposition Raman spectra were treated using factor analysis (FA), which led to the following conclusions: (i) the distribution of CuTMPyP in the complex is not homogenous, (ii) the DCDR technique segregates complexed and noncomplexed parts of the sample, (iii) the spectral changes caused by the drying process and by the interaction of CuTMPyP with the DPPC liposomes can be distinguished, and (iv) the porphyrin molecules interacting with DPPC affect both the order–disorder properties of the lipid chains and the lipid head.
Compact Solid-State 213 nm Laser Enables Standoff Deep Ultraviolet Raman Spectrometer: Measurements of Nitrate Photochemistry
Authors: Bykov Sergei V. , Mao Michael , Gares Katie L. , Ashera Sanford A.
Published: August 2015

We describe a new compact acousto-optically Q-switched diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) intracavity frequency-tripled neodymium-doped yttrium vanadate laser capable of producing ~100 mW of 213 nm power quasi-continuous wave as 15 ns pulses at a 30 kHz repetition rate. We use this new laser in a prototype of a deep ultraviolet (UV) Raman standoff spectrometer. We use a novel high-throughput, high-resolution Echelle Raman spectrograph. We measure the deep UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectra of solid and solution sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) at a standoff distance of ~2.2 m. For this 2.2 m standoff distance and a 1 min spectral accumulation time, where we only monitor the symmetric stretching band, we find a solid state NaNO3 detection limit of ~100 μg/cm2. We easily detect ~20 μM nitrate water solutions in 1 cm path length cells. As expected, the aqueous solutions UVRR spectra of NaNO3 and NH4NO3 are similar, showing selective resonance enhancement of the nitrate (NO3−) vibrations. The aqueous solution photochemistry is also similar, showing facile conversion of NO3− to nitrite (NO2−). In contrast, the observed UVRR spectra of NaNO3 and NH4NO3 powders significantly differ, because their solid-state photochemistries differ. Whereas solid NaNO3 photoconverts with a very low quantum yield to NaNO2, the NH4NO3 degrades with an apparent quantum yield of ~0.2 to gaseous species.
Energia berriztagarrien integrazioa uharte-sareetan
Authors: Etxegarai Agurtzane , Eguia Pablo , Torres Esther , Albizu Igor , San Martín José Ignacio
Published: August 2015

Interkonexio ahuleko sistema elektrikoak eta sare elektriko isolatuak, maiz, energia-iturri berriztagarritan aberatsak izaten dira. Hala ere, elektrizitatearen hornidurak hainbat arazo tekniko eta ekonomiko sortzen ditu, hurbileko beste sistema elektrikoen sostengurik gabe. Artikulu honek deskribatzen ditu, hain zuzen, uharte sareetako dibertsifikazio elektrikoaren alderdiok. Energia berriztagarriak etorkizun jasangarri eta autonomo baten giltza izatera deituak daude uharteetan, teknologiak eskainitako soluzio berrietan oinarrituta. Azkenik, Açores uhartediko Terceira irlaren operazio estatikoa eta dinamikoa aztertzen dira artikuluan, energia berriztagarrien integrazioaren adibide gisara.
La inconveniencia del Proyecto de Resolución del Ministerio de Educación Nacional, que establece características para los programas de formación de profesores en Colombia
Authors: Castiblanco Olga , Muñoz Liz Mayoly , Villareal Gil Elda Yaneth
Published: August 2015

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Recursos para la inclusión educativa en el contexto de educación primaria
Authors: Valenzuela Blanca Aurelia , Campa Álvarez Reyna De los Ángeles , Guillén Lúgigo Manuela
Published: August 2015

El propósito la presente investigación es identificar los requisitos y recursos necesarios para la atención a la diversidad e inclusión educativa en el contexto de educación primaria. Se realizó un estudio mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo). La muestra se constituyó por 178 profesores de educación primaria pertenecientes al Estado de Sonora, México. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron en el programa estadístico SPSS versión 21.00 y el programa Atlas ti. Los resultados indican que los profesores presentan una actitud favorable, los tipos de inclusión propuestos son mediante la impartición de clases de un profesor capacitado en el aula ordinaria y el apoyo de especialistas. Para la implementación se requiere contar con recursos materiales, personales, metodología apropiada, organización y planificación. Se propone un esquema general de la inclusión educativa.

 
Incidencia de los imaginarios femeninos de la publicidad en los espacios pedagógicos de educación básica
Authors: Cruz Fajardo Marley
Published: August 2015

El presente trabajo es una propuesta investigativa sobre la concepción de las imágenes publicitarias en los espacios pedagógicos. Por medio del trabajo de campo con dos grupos focales y tomando como mediación de la creación artística, se indaga sobre los imaginarios femeninos que son generados en los estudiantes por medio de la publicidad. Estas imágenes plantean la publicidad como arte y el arte como publicidad y nos dan cuenta de los imaginarios femeninos de los jóvenes en formación.
DISEÑO DE UNA HERRAMIENTA SIG PARA LA ESTIMACIÓN DEL RIESGO POR EXPLOSIÓN EN BOGOTÁ
Authors: Tristancho Julián Alfonso , Fuentes Héctor Javier , Vargas Tamayo Luis Fernando
Published: August 2015

Aumentar el conocimiento acerca de las amenazas de origen natural o antrópicas contribuye a una adecuada mitigación y planeación en la gestión del riesgo. Modelar y cuantificar el riesgo por explosiones de origen industrial o terrorista permite predecir la probabilidad de daño potencial que puedan causar, corregir posibles problemas de ordenamiento territorial, delimitar zonas de alto riesgo y establecer planes de contingencia para la atención de emergencias. En el presente artículo se expone un modelo de estimación de daños en estructuras habitacionales e industriales por explosiones y el diseño de un Sistema de Información Geográfico autónomo, con la capacidad de estimar el porcentaje de daño asociación a una explosión de origen industrial o terrorista para la ciudad de Bogotá. En la parte final se hace una validación del modelo implementado al ser comparadas las pérdidas económicas originadas en actos terroristas del pasado reciente.
Restrictions of harmonic functions and Dirichlet eigenfunctions of the Hata set to the interval
Authors: Espinoza Baltazar , Sáenz Ricardo A.
Published: August 2015

In this paper we study the harmonic functions and the Dirichlet eigenfunctions of the Hata set, and their restrictions to the interval
Price – Strategic Instrument of EU Market Intervention. Case Study Seurop System
Authors: Rotaru Mihaela
Published: August 2015

In 29 October 1975 Council Regulation of European Economic Community (EEC) provided the common organization of the pig meat market. In 1984, EEC considered it necessary to lay down general rules ensuring uniform grading of pig carcasses. The main objective of this paper is to describe how pig carcass classification implemented by EU legislation has become a core strategic competition between manufacturers. In the European Commission the carcass classification system is assimilated as an instrument of intervention. This guarantees the agricultural community a decent life. The classification and payment system promoted by EU producers ensure greater transparency of the market, providing to the economic agents involved in the sector quick access to information on evolution of prices in different markets.
Bioactivity of toothpaste containing bioactive glass in remineralizing media: effect of fluoride release from the enzymatic cleavage of monofluorophosphate.
Authors: Maçon Anthony L. B. , Valliant Esther M. , Earl Jonathan S. , Jones Julian R.
Published: August 2015

Objectives. The aim was to introduce a new methodology to characterize toothpaste containing bioactive glass and to evaluate the effect of release of fluoride ions, by cleaving monofluorophosphate (MFP), on the mineral forming ability of Sensodyne Repair & Protect (SRP). which contains NovaMinTM (bioactive glass, 45S5 composition).

Methods. SRP, NovaMin particles, and placebo paste (PLA) which did not contain NovaMin, were immersed into a remineralization media (RS), which mimics the ionic strength of human saliva, for 3 days with different concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 0, 25 and 75 U.L

Results. Hydroxyapatite (HA) formed on the surface of BG alone (after 1 h) and in toothpaste (after 2 h), whereas PLA did not induce any precipitation. ALP cleaved MFP at different rates depending on the enzyme concentration. Increasing the concentration of ALP from 0 and 75 U.L