bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knockdown of TFRC suppressed the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by downregulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Feng Guofei , Arima Yasushi , Midorikawa Kaoru , Kobayashi Hatasu , Oikawa Shinji , Zhao Weilin , Zhang Zhe , Takeuchi Kazuhiko , Murata Mariko
Published: August 2023

Background

The transferrin receptor (TfR) encoded by TFRC gene is the main cellular iron importer. TfR is highly expressed in many cancers and is expected to be a promising new target for cancer therapy; however, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unknown.

Methods

The TfR levels were investigated in NPC tissues and cell lines using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Knockdown of TFRC using two siRNA to investigate the effects on intracellular iron level and biological functions, including proliferation by CKK-8 assay, colony formation, cell apoptosis and cell cycle by flow cytometry, migration and invasion, and tumor growth in vivo by nude mouse xenografts. RNA sequencing was performed to find possible mechanism after TFRC knockdown on NPC cells and further verified by western blotting.

Results

TfR was overexpressed in NPC cell lines and tissues. Knockdown of TFRC inhibited cell proliferation concomitant with increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and it decreased intracellular iron, colony formation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HK1-EBV cells. Western blotting showed that TFRC knockdown suppressed the levels of the iron storage protein FTH1, anti-apoptotic marker BCL-xL, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. We confirmed in vivo that TFRC knockdown also inhibited NPC tumor growth and decreased Ki67 expression in tumor tissues of nude mouse xenografts. RNA sequencing and western blotting revealed that TFRC silencing inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Conclusions

These results indicated that TfR was overexpressed in NPC, and TFRC knockdown inhibited NPC progression by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, TfR may serve as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for NPC.
Which are best for successful aging prediction? Bagging, boosting, or simple machine learning algorithms?
Authors: Mirzaeian Razieh , Nopour Raoof , Asghari Varzaneh Zahra , Shafiee Mohsen , Shanbehzadeh Mostafa , Kazemi-Arpanahi Hadi
Published: August 2023

Background

The worldwide society is currently facing an epidemiological shift due to the significant improvement in life expectancy and increase in the elderly population. This shift requires the public and scientific community to highlight successful aging (SA), as an indicator representing the quality of elderly people’s health. SA is a subjective, complex, and multidimensional concept; thus, its meaning or measuring is a difficult task. This study seeks to identify the most affecting factors on SA and fed them as input variables for constructing predictive models using machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Methods

Data from 1465 adults aged ≥ 60 years who were referred to health centers in Abadan city (Iran) between 2021 and 2022 were collected by interview. First, binary logistic regression (BLR) was used to identify the main factors influencing SA. Second, eight ML algorithms, including adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), bootstrap aggregating (Bagging), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XG-Boost), random forest (RF), J-48, multilayered perceptron (MLP), Naïve Bayes (NB), and support vector machine (SVM), were trained to predict SA. Finally, their performance was evaluated using metrics derived from the confusion matrix to determine the best model.

Results

The experimental results showed that 44 factors had a meaningful relationship with SA as the output class. In total, the RF algorithm with sensitivity = 0.95 ± 0.01, specificity = 0.94 ± 0.01, accuracy = 0.94 ± 0.005, and F-score = 0.94 ± 0.003 yielded the best performance for predicting SA.

Conclusions

Compared to other selected ML methods, the effectiveness of the RF as a bagging algorithm in predicting SA was significantly better. Our developed prediction models can provide, gerontologists, geriatric nursing, healthcare administrators, and policymakers with a reliable and responsive tool to improve elderly outcomes.
The effects of medicinal and food homologous substances on blood lipid and blood glucose levels and liver function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Qian , Jia Yatian , Zhang Yuexing , Wang Yan , Li Xinru , Tian Xiaoying , Han Shifan
Published: August 2023

Background

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disorder worldwide. According to several previous studies, the treatment of patients with NAFLD using medicinal and food-homologous substances has consistent effects on the levels of blood lipids and blood glucose and liver function.

Objective

This systematic review was conducted to investigate the impact of medicinal and food homologous substances on blood lipid and glucose levels as well as liver function in patients with NAFLD.

Methods

A thorough search was conducted in eight databases, including China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), Wanfang Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase, for articles published from database inception until June 24, 2023. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated utilizing Cochrane Randomized Trial Risk Bias Tool, Edition 2 and GRADE methodology for assessment.

Results

A total of 13 randomized controlled trials, involving 829 patients with NAFLD, were included in the analysis, these studies included a total of 9 medicinal and food homologous substances. In the 13 studies, hawthorn (2), sea buckthorn (1), ginger (2), turmeric (4) (1 with chicory seeds), cinnamon (1), cardamom (1), purslane (1) and saffron (1) were included. The results of the included studies showed that medicinal and food homologous substances could improve high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and liver enzyme levels in patients with NAFLD to a certain extent, but the effect of turmeric on TC, liver enzyme levels is controversial.

Conclusion

In patients with NAFLD, dietary intervention using medicinal and food homologous substances can ameliorate blood lipid and blood glucose levels and liver enzymes to some extent. In clinical work, medicinal and food homologous substances can be used to provide patients with NAFLD with a safe and effective dietary plan to help prevent and treat disease onset and progression.
FOXO1 regulates osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells through the METTL3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Qi , Shi Wei , Lin Shaozhan , Wang Hanxue
Published: August 2023

Background

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation that occurs in periodontal tissue and has a high incidence rate. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are ideal candidates for periodontal tissue and bone regeneration in patients with periodontitis. The purpose of this work was to analyze the molecular mechanisms that affect the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.

Methods

In this work, qRT‒PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression level of FOXO1 in clinical tissues and PDLSCs. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin red S (ARS) staining were used to detect the degree of osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. qRT‒PCR and western blotting were used to measure the levels of the early osteogenic markers COL1A1 and RUNX2. The JASPAR online database was used to predict FOXO1-regulated genes.

Results

FOXO1 was generally expressed at low levels in clinical samples from patients with periodontitis. We provided evidence that overexpression of FOXO1 promoted osteogenic differentiation in PDLSCs. In addition, both in vitro and rescue experiments showed that FOXO1 regulated METTL3. FOXO1 affected osteogenic differentiation mainly by regulating METTL3 modification of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Conclusions

FOXO1 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by transcriptionally activating METTL3. This effect promoted the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.
Dual effect of aucubin on promoting VEGFR2 mediated angiogenesis and reducing RANKL-induced bone resorption
Authors: He Yulin , Kam Hiotong , Wu Xue , Chen Qian , Lee Simon Ming Yuen
Published: August 2023

Background

Angiogenesis is regarded as a critical role in bone repair and regeneration, involving in pathological bone disorders such as osteoporosis. Aucubin, an iridoid glycoside primarily derived from Eucommia ulmoides, is reported to inhibit osteoclast activity, enhance bone formation and promote angiogenesis in osteoporosis models. Our study is to further investigate the anti-osteoporosis effect of aucubin in transgenic medaka, and the pro-angiogenic effect of aucubin and its mechanism of action both in vivo and in vitro.

Methods

The anti-osteoporosis effect of aucubin was confirmed by using RANKL-stimulated bone resorption transgenic medaka. The pro-angiogenic effect of aucubin in vivo was investigated using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitor II (VRI)-induced vascular insufficient transgenic zebrafish model. Furthermore, endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation and the mechanisms were evaluated to identify the pro-angiogenic effect of aucubin in normal and su5416-injured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Results

Aucubin decreased the resorption of the mineralized bone matrix and centra degradation in heat-shocked transgenic col10α1:nlGFP/rankl:HSE:CFP medaka. Moreover, aucubin reversed VRI-induced vascular insufficiency in zebrafish through regulating flt1, kdr, kdrl, vegfaa, ang-1, ang-2, tie1 and tie2 mRNA expressions in Tg(fli1a:EGFP)y1 or AB wild type zebrafish. Aucubin promoted cell proliferation by upregulating p-mTOR, p-Src, p-MEK, p-Erk1/2, p-Akt and p-FAK in HUVECs. Furthermore, aucubin exhibited a pro-angiogenic effect on su5416-injured HUVECs by promoting their proliferation, migration, and tube formation through regulating the phosphorylation of VEGFR2, MEK, ERK and the ratio of Bcl2-Bax.

Conclusion

Aucubin could reduce bone resorption in RANKL-induced osteoporosis medaka by live imaging. Meanwhile, aucubin exhibited a protective effect in VRI-induced vascular insufficient zebrafish by regulating VEGF-VEGFR and Ang-Tie signaling pathways. Additionally, aucubin promoted the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs probably by mediating VEGFR2/MEK/ERK, Akt/mTOR and Src/FAK signalling pathways. This study further indicated the dual effect of aucubin on angiogenesis and osteogenesis which may be beneficial to its treatment of osteoporosis.
Recent advances in 3D printing of biodegradable metals for orthopaedic applications
Authors: Liang Wenqing , Zhou Chao , Zhang Hongwei , Bai Juqin , Jiang Bo , Jiang Chanyi , Ming Wenyi , Zhang Hengjian , Long Hengguo , Huang Xiaogang , Zhao Jiayi
Published: August 2023

The use of biodegradable polymers for treating bone-related diseases has become a focal point in the field of biomedicine. Recent advancements in material technology have expanded the range of materials suitable for orthopaedic implants. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has become prevalent in healthcare, and while organ printing is still in its early stages and faces ethical and technical hurdles, 3D printing is capable of creating 3D structures that are supportive and controllable. The technique has shown promise in fields such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, and new innovations in cell and bio-printing and printing materials have expanded its possibilities. In clinical settings, 3D printing of biodegradable metals is mainly used in orthopedics and stomatology. 3D-printed patient-specific osteotomy instruments, orthopedic implants, and dental implants have been approved by the US FDA for clinical use. Metals are often used to provide support for hard tissue and prevent complications. Currently, 70–80% of clinically used implants are made from niobium, tantalum, nitinol, titanium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, and stainless steels. However, there has been increasing interest in biodegradable metals such as magnesium, calcium, zinc, and iron, with numerous recent findings. The advantages of 3D printing, such as low manufacturing costs, complex geometry capabilities, and short fabrication periods, have led to widespread adoption in academia and industry. 3D printing of metals with controllable structures represents a cutting-edge technology for developing metallic implants for biomedical applications. This review explores existing biomaterials used in 3D printing-based orthopedics as well as biodegradable metals and their applications in developing metallic medical implants and devices. The challenges and future directions of this technology are also discussed.
Video triage in calls concerning children with fever at an out-of-hours medical helpline: a prospective quality improvement study
Authors: Gren Caroline , Hasselager Asbjoern Boerch , Linderoth Gitte , Frederiksen Marianne Sjølin , Folke Fredrik , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Gamst-Jensen Hejdi , Cortes Dina
Published: August 2023

Background

Parents often contact out-of-hours services due to worry concerning febrile children, despite the children rarely being severely ill. As telephone triage of children is challenging, many children are referred to hospital assessment. This study investigated if video triage resulted in more children staying at home. Secondary aims included safety, acceptability and feasibility of this new triage tool.

Methods

In this prospective quality improvement study, nurse call-handlers enrolled febrile children aged 3 months-5 years to video or telephone triage (1:1), with follow-up within 48 h after call. The setting was an out-of-hours call-center for non-urgent illness in Copenhagen, Denmark, receiving over 1 million calls annually and predominately staffed by registered nurses. Main outcome measure was difference in number of children assessed at hospital within 8 h after call between video-and telephone triage group. Rates of feasibility, acceptability and safety (death, lasting means, transfer to intensive care unit) were compared between the triage groups.

Results

There was no difference in triage outcome (home care vs. hospital referral) or number of patients assessed at hospital between triage groups. However, more video triaged patients received in-hospital treatment, testing and hospitalization.

Conclusion

Video triage was feasible to conduct, acceptable to parents and as safe as telephone triage. The study did not show that more children stayed at home after video triage, possibly because the allocation strategy was not upheld, as video triage sometimes was chosen in cases of complex and severe symptoms, and this likely has changed study outcome.

Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov.: Id NCT04074239. Registered 2019-08-30. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04074239
FX06 to rescue SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Guérin Emmanuelle , Belin Lisa , Franchineau Guillaume , Le Guennec Loïc , Hajage David , Diallo Mamadou Hassimiou , Frapard Thomas , Le Fèvre Lucie , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Combes Alain , Germain Stéphane , Hayon Jan , Asfar Pierre , Bréchot Nicolas
Published: August 2023

Background

Vascular leakage is a major feature of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of FX06, a drug under development that stabilizes interendothelial cell junctions, at reducing vascular leakage during SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS.

Methods

This multicenter, double-blinded, randomized trial included adults with COVID-19-associated ARDS who had received invasive mechanical ventilation for < 5 days and were randomized to receive either intravenous FX06 (400 mg/d, for 5 days) or its vehicle as placebo. The primary endpoint was the lowering—from day 1 to day 7—of the transpulmonary thermodilution-derived extravascular lung-water index (EVLWi).

Results

Twenty-five patients were randomized to receive FX06 and 24 the placebo. Although EVLWi was elevated at baseline (median [IQR] 15.6 mL/kg [13.5; 18.5]), its declines from day 1 to day 7 were comparable for FX06 recipients and controls (respectively, − 1.9 [− 3.3; − 0.5] vs. − 0.8 [− 5.5; − 1.1] mL/kg; estimated effect − 0.8 [− 3.1; + 2.4], p = 0.51). Cardiac indexes, pulmonary vascular permeability indexes, and fluid balances were also comparable, as were PaO2/FiO2 ratios and durations of mechanical ventilation. Adverse event rates were similar for the 2 groups, although more FX06 recipients developed ventilator-associated pneumonia (16/25 (64%) vs. 6/24 (24%), p = 0.009).

Conclusions

In this unique-dosing–regimen study, FX06 did not lower SARS-CoV-2-induced pulmonary vascular leakage. Future investigations will need to evaluate its efficacy at earlier times during the disease or using other regimens.

Trial registration NCT04618042. Registered 5 November 2020.
The role of perspective-taking in suppressing stereotypes about mathematics
Authors: Yamamoto Mana , Oka Takashi
Published: August 2023

Objective

When people attempt to suppress stereotypes, they often end up making stereotypical judgments. The adverse effects of this form of suppression are called “paradoxical effects.” This study examined the effect of perspective-taking as a strategy to reduce the paradoxical effects related to stereotype suppression. Specifically, this study addressed stereotypes within the context of women’s mathematical abilities, with Japanese university students as participants. It was predicted that when participants suppressed the stereotype of a woman, those who engaged in perspective-taking toward that woman would make less stereotypical judgments of other women, compared with those who did not. Moreover, as this study focuses on gender stereotypes, an exploratory analysis was conducted to investigate whether the effects of engaging in perspective-taking about women vary depending on the participants’ gender.

Results

Although no significant effect was observed and the hypothesis was not supported, and while the results of this study were statistically inadequate, they suggest that among the female participants, those who did not engage in perspective-taking showed the paradoxical effects of stereotype suppression. However, those paradoxical effects were not observed among those who performed perspective-taking.
Serum autophagy protein 5 is positively related to T helper 2/T helper 1 ratio, inflammation, and exacerbation in adult asthma patients
Authors: Ke Changjiang , Xie Sheng
Published: August 2023

Background

Autophagy protein 5 (ATG5) regulates airway epithelial cell autophagy, immune response, and inflammation, which is involved in asthma progression. This study aimed to evaluate ATG5 levels and its clinical roles in adult asthma patients.

Methods

Totally, 200 adult asthma patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this case-control study. Subsequently, serum ATG5 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

ATG5 was increased in asthma patients compared with HCs [median (interquartile range): 44.2 (31.7–77.8) vs. 23.2 (16.7–39.2) ng/mL] (P < 0.001). In asthma patients, ATG5 was positively related to male gender (P = 0.022), a family history of asthma (P = 0.035), eosinophil count (P < 0.001), and immune globulin E (P < 0.001), while it was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (P < 0.001) and FEV1 (Predicted) (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, ATG5 was inversely associated with T helper (Th) 1 cells (P = 0.008), while it was positively linked with Th2 cells (P < 0.001), Th2/Th1 ratio (P < 0.001), interleukin (IL)-4 (P = 0.002), and IL-4/interferon-γ ratio (P = 0.015). Additionally, ATG5 was positively correlated with tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.001), IL-1β (P = 0.001), IL-6 (P = 0.003), and IL-17 (P = 0.029). Notably, ATG5 was elevated in asthma patients at exacerbation compared to those at remission [median (interquartile range): 53.6 (37.6–90.0) vs. 35.6 (28.2–51.5) ng/mL] (P < 0.001). It was also noteworthy that ATG5 was positively linked with exacerbation severity in asthma patients (P = 0.005).

Conclusion

Serum ATG5 is related to increased Th2/Th1 ratio, inflammation, exacerbation risk and severity in adult asthma patients, which serves as a candidate marker for the management of asthma. However, further validation is still needed.
Maternal risk factors for low birthweight and macrosomia: a cross-sectional study in Northern Region, Ghana
Authors: Adjei-Gyamfi Silas , Musah Bashiru , Asirifi Abigail , Hammond John , Aryee Paul Armah , Miho Sato , Aiga Hirotsugu
Published: August 2023

Background

Abnormal birthweights are critical public health challenges accountable for most non-communicable diseases and perinatal mortalities. Regardless of the myriad of mixed evidence on maternal factors responsible for abnormal birthweight globally, most of these findings are attained from urban and rural settings. This study serves as one of the key pieces of evidence in view of the increasing prevalence of abnormal birthweight particularly in some parts of semi-rural Ghana. The study, therefore, aims to estimate the prevalence of abnormal birthweight and identify some possible maternal risk factors for abnormal birthweight in Northern Ghana.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Savelugu municipality from February–March 2022. A total of 356 mothers aged 16–46 years, having a neonate and attending postnatal care service, were recruited as study participants. Data were collected from maternal and child health record books and through structured interviews. To identify the maternal risk factors for abnormal birthweight, chi-square/Fischer’s exact test and multinomial logistic regression were employed as bivariate and multivariate analyses, respectively, at 95% confidence level.

Results

Prevalence rates of low birthweight and macrosomia were 22.2% and 8.7%, respectively. Maternal anaemia in first trimester (AOR 3.226; 95% CI 1.372–7.784) and third trimester (AOR 23.94; 95% CI 7.442–70.01) of gestation was strong predictors for low birthweight. Mothers belonging to minority ethnic groups (AOR 0.104; 95% CI 0.011–0.995); mothers who had ≥ 8 antenatal care visits (AOR 0.249; 95% CI 0.103–0.602); and mothers having neonates whose birth length > 47.5 cm (AOR 0.271; 95% CI 0.113–0.651) had reduced odds for low birthweight. Alternatively, mothers with gestational weeks ≥ 42 (AOR 23.21; 95% CI 4.603–56.19) and mothers from the richest households (highest socioeconomic homes) (AOR 14.25; 95% CI 1.638–23.91) were more likely to birth to macrosomic infants.

Conclusion

The prevalence rates of low birthweight and macrosomia were relatively high. Anaemia in the first and third trimesters was strong determinants of low birthweight. Being minority ethnic group, frequency of antenatal visits, and childbirth length reduced the risk of low-weight births. Advanced gestational age and socioeconomic status of mothers were also predictors of macrosomia. Hence, nutrition counselling, community health education, and promotion of lifestyle improvement coupled with strengthening of health service delivery are recommended interventions.
Applications of deep neural networks in exploration seismology: A technical survey
Authors: Mousavi S. Mostafa , Beroza Gregory C. , Mukerji Tapan , Rasht-Behesht Majid
Published: August 2023

Exploration seismology uses reflected and refracted seismic waves, emitted from a controlled (active) source into the ground, and recorded by an array of seismic sensors (receivers) to image the subsurface geologic structures. These seismic images are the main resources for energy and resource exploration and scientific investigation of the crust and upper mantle. We survey recent advances in applications of machine-learning methods, more specifically deep neural networks (DNNs), in exploration seismology. We provide a technically oriented review of DNN applications for seismic data acquisition; data preprocessing tasks such as interpolation/extrapolation, denoising, first-break picking, velocity picking, and seismic migration; data processing tasks such as geologic and structural interpretations; and data modeling tasks such as the inference of subsurface structures and lithologic and petrophysical properties. DNNs have entered almost every sector of exploration seismology. They have outperformed many traditional algorithms for the automation of seismic data acquisition, data preprocessing, data processing, interpretations, and data modeling tasks. However, despite the impressive performances of DNN-based approaches, the out-of-distribution generalization and interpretability of these models remain challenging. To overcome these challenges, incorporating domain knowledge into the DNNs is a promising path and a focus of current deep-learning research in seismology.
Survival Effect of Maximal Cytoreductive Surgery for Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma During the Platinum Era: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bristow Robert E. , Tomacruz Rafael S. , Armstrong Deborah K. , Trimble Edward L. , Montz F. J.
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relative effect of percent maximal cytoreductive surgery and other prognostic variables on survival among cohorts of patients with advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-one cohorts of patients with stage III or IV ovarian carcinoma (6,885 patients) were identified from articles in MEDLINE (1989 through 1998). Linear regression models, with weighted correlation calculations, were used to assess the effects on log median survival time of the proportion of each cohort undergoing maximal cytoreduction, dose-intensity of the platinum compound administered, proportion of patients with stage IV disease, median age, and year of publication.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between percent maximal cytoreduction and log median survival time, and this correlation remained significant after controlling for all other variables ( P < .001). Each 10% increase in maximal cytoreduction was associated with a 5.5% increase in median survival time. When actuarial survival was estimated, cohorts with ≤ 25% maximal cytoreduction had a mean weighted median survival time of 22.7 months, whereas cohorts with more than 75% maximal cytoreduction had a mean weighted median survival time of 33.9 months—an increase of 50%. The relationship between platinum dose-intensity and log median survival time was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: During the platinum era, maximal cytoreduction was one of the most powerful determinants of cohort survival among patients with stage III or IV ovarian carcinoma. Consistent referral of patients with apparent advanced ovarian cancer to expert centers for primary surgery may be the best means currently available for improving overall survival.
“Excess” Doubling Up During COVID: Changes in Children's Shared Living Arrangements
Authors: Amorim Mariana , Pilkauskas Natasha
Published: August 2023

The proportion of U.S. children living in doubled-up households, in which a child lives with a parent plus adult kin or nonkin, has increased in the last 40 years. Although shared living arrangements are often understood as a strategy to cope with crises, no research to date has examined changes in children's living arrangements during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the American Community Survey and the Current Population Survey to examine children's doubled-up living arrangements during 2020 and the extent to which children may have experienced “excess” doubling up relative to earlier years. We consider trends by household type (multigenerational, extended with other relatives, and nonrelative households) and differences by demographic characteristics (marital status, race and ethnicity, work status, education, age, and number of coresident children). We find evidence that more than half a million (509,600) children experienced “excess” doubling up in 2020. Greater than expected increases in doubled-up arrangements were driven by increases in multigenerational households, in particular among Black and Hispanic children, young children (under age six), those whose mothers never married, and those whose mothers were not working. Correlates of coresidence remained largely unchanged over time, although having a mother who had never married became a stronger correlate in 2020. Our findings suggest that both economic and instrumental needs likely explained the rise in multigenerational coresidence in 2020.
Schwann cells are axo-protective after injury irrespective of myelination status in mouse Schwann cell–neuron cocultures
Authors: Mutschler Clara , Fazal Shaline V. , Schumacher Nathalie , Loreto Andrea , Coleman Michael P. , Arthur-Farraj Peter
Published: August 2023

Myelinating Schwann cell (SC)–dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron cocultures are an important technique for understanding cell–cell signalling and interactions during peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelination, injury, and regeneration. Although methods using rat SCs and neurons or mouse DRG explants are commonplace, there are no established protocols for compartmentalised myelinating cocultures with dissociated mouse cells. There consequently is a need for a coculture protocol that allows separate genetic manipulation of mouse SCs or neurons, or use of cells from different transgenic animals to complement in vivo mouse experiments. However, inducing myelination of dissociated mouse SCs in culture is challenging. Here, we describe a new method to coculture dissociated mouse SCs and DRG neurons in microfluidic chambers and induce robust myelination. Cocultures can be axotomised to study injury and used for drug treatments, and cells can be lentivirally transduced for live imaging. We used this model to investigate axon degeneration after traumatic axotomy and find that SCs, irrespective of myelination status, are axo-protective. At later timepoints after injury, live imaging of cocultures shows that SCs break up, ingest and clear axonal debris.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of periodontal and periapical disease
Authors: Johannsen Katrine Mølgaard , Fuglsig João Marcus de Carvalho E Silva , Matzen Louise Hauge , Christensen Jennifer , Spin-Neto Rubens
Published: August 2023

Objectives:

Early pre-clinical inflammatory changes in periodontal and/or periapical lesions, which typically precede bone loss, are challenging to diagnose using ionizing-radiation-based imaging modalities. MRI provides relevant additional diagnostic information of inflammatory processes in soft and hard tissues. The aim of the present study is to undertake a systematic review of the literature on MRI in the diagnosis of periodontal and/or periapical disease.

Methods and Materials:

The PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus bibliographic databases were searched (2000–2021) using the search string: (“MRI” or “magnetic resonance imaging”) and (“periodontitis” or “periodontal” or “apical pathology” or “endodontic pathology” or “periapical” or “furcation” or “intrabony”). The search was limited to studies published in English. The studies were assessed independently by three reviewers, focusing on the MRI sequences, imaging modalities (radiographs, cone beam CT (CBCT), and MRI), disease definition, assessed parameters, and outcome measurements.

Results:

The search strategy yielded 34 studies, from which 13 were included. Overall, the findings of MRI were in agreement with CBCT. The studies showed that MRI provided diagnostic information of the hard and soft tissue components affected by periodontal and/or periapical disease with a fairly high sensitivity and specificity. However, the assessed parameters (e.g. MRI acquisition protocols, and disease definition) differed substantially.

Conclusions:

The included studies indicate that the use of MRI in the diagnosis of periodontal and/or periapical disease is feasible and promising. More studies are needed to define the accuracy of this non-ionizing-radiation-based diagnostic modality, in the assessment of periodontal and/or periapical lesions.
The nuclear family emotional system: the regulatory function of symptoms according to Bowen
Authors: Jozefczyk Anna , Świętochowski Waldemar
Published: August 2023

Założenie o regulacyjnej funkcji objawów psychopatologicznych jest jednym z podstawowych aksjomatów systemowej terapii rodzin. Przyjmuje się, że występujące u niektórych członków rodziny symptomy chorobowe stają się elementem przywrócenia zachwianej równowagi rodzinnej. Amerykański psychiatra Murray Bowen, na podstawie klinicznej obserwacji rodzin, doszedł do wniosku, że ta sama funkcja może być realizowana przez cztery mechanizmy określone jako system emocjonalny rodziny nuklearnej. Zaliczał do nich: 1) tworzenie dystansu emocjonalnego pomiędzy członkami rodziny; 2) konflikty w obrębie diady małżeńskiej; 3) dysfunkcję jednego z małżonków; 4) dysfunkcję dziecka, związaną z nadmierną koncentracją rodziców na jego zachowaniu. Zachowania te podejmowane są intuicyjnie i mają na celu odwrócenie uwagi rodziny od rzeczywistych problemów emocjonalnych w całym systemie. W niniejszym artykule autorzy opisują działanie takich mechanizmów na przykładzie konkretnych przypadków pacjentów klinicznych, wzbogaconych genogramami. Wprawdzie na poziomie behawioralnym wzorce te znacznie różnią się od siebie i przez to mogą ukierunkowywać uwagę terapeuty na problemy indywidualne, w rzeczywistości realizują tę samą funkcję — dążenie do przywrócenia homeostazy w rodzinie. Przyjęcie takiej perspektywy pozwala na nowo rozpoznać cel pracy z pacjentem, otwierając możliwość podejmowania przez specjalistów z zakresu ochrony zdrowia psychicznego interwencji bardziej skutecznych i trwałych.
The Role of Biography in Maria Bogucka’s Academic Oeuvre
Authors: Kościelak Sławomir
Published: August 2023

Biography was a prominent component of Maria Bogucka’s research output, encompassing reviews, encyclopaedic entries and extended articles. She would also publish four biographical monographs. Bogucka was very eager to include in her biographies, especially those relating to women rulers, colourful accounts, expressive assessments and controversial opinions. Her biographical writing was ‘journalistic’ in essence, and looked to make emotive links with the heroes and heroines of her studies. Sensitive to economic issues and changes which had taken place in the mentality of societies, Bogucka was also interested in writing biographical accounts of representatives of the bourgeois elites. Biography in Bogucka’s oeuvre allowed her to analyse historical figures’ lives insightfully, thus exploring outstanding individuals’ personal fates.
Relationship between the Crimean Khanate and the Polish-Lithuanian State during the Reign of Devlet I Giray and Mehmed II Giray in Mühimme Defters
Authors: Başer Alper
Published: August 2023

Mühimme defters have a special place among all the archival material inherited from the Ottoman Empire. Recording copies of the decisions made in the Imperial Council, the highest administrative organ of the state, these defters contain important information not only about the domestic affairs of the Empire but also about its foreign policy. This study examines the relations between the Crimean Khanate and the Polish-Lithuanian State as reflected in mühimme defters from 1551 to 1584. Border disputes, annual payments made or not made by Poland to the Crimean Khanate, diplomatic relations, exchange of ambassadors, and the residence of Alp Giray and Selamet Giray in Poland were some of the main issues reflected in mühimme defters.
Agnieszka Osiecka’s Diaries and Notes as a Source for Research into the History of Girlhood
Authors: Wilk Marcin
Published: August 2023

This review article refers to the publication of six volumes of personal notes by Agnieszka Osiecka (1936–1997), one of the most popular Polish poets, a songwriter, director, and journalist of the second half of the twentieth century. The collection under review covers mainly the 1950s and provides a space for the search for one’s own identity. While referring to the recent edition and highlighting selected themes, this review article puts forward a perspective on the entire body of documents published between 2013 and 2021. A particular emphasis is placed on the importance of analysis of such egodocuments in girlhood studies.
Educational Experience, Pedagogical Research and the State’s Interest
Authors: Hogan Pádraig
Published: August 2023

This contribution makes the case that education has inherent purposes which distinguish it as a human practice; purposes that are distinct from those of the state. The philosophical and historical ancestry of these purposes is explored. This exploration reveals that educational experience is more properly understood as a live encounter with inheritances of learning than as a matter of transmission. The teaching of religion is taken as a concrete example to highlight this key difference. Where the state fails to recognise the inherent purposes of education, these purposes can become compromised. Accordingly, educational practice may fall victim to different kinds of domination. Some historical and more recent examples of such domination are identified and considered, as is an example of a healthy relationship between the state and educational practice. The consequences of the investigation for pedagogical research and practice, and for the proper relationship of the state to education, are then reviewed.
Ideologisation of the Family in Women’s Magazines in the People’s Republic of Poland: Propaganda Models and Transmission Mechanisms
Authors: Doniec Renata
Published: August 2023

This article aims to show the phenomenon of ideologisation of the Polish family in the official dimension of the culture of real socialism, i.e. the media. The subject of the analysis was the most popular women’s press in the People’s Republic of Poland,with a socio-educational and advisory nature. By presenting the phenomenon of family ideologisation, attempts were made to show two of its aspects, i.e. mechanisms for the transmission of propagated content. In the first case, the family models appearing inthe analysed press in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s were reconstructed, and in the second, the techniques, principles, and means used in the propaganda message were presented. The basic research problem is framed in the question: What models of family life were propagated by the examined women’s press in selected periods of real socialism and what communication mechanisms were used concerning the propagated content? The following theoretical assumptions were adopted in the analysed issues: 1) the imageof the family propagated in magazines was subject to strong ideologisation and politicisation, 2) the family was treated as a political and educational tool in the service of the power apparatus, 3) interpretations of selected aspects of family life lowered therank and importance of the family in social awareness, and 4) various mechanisms of propaganda were used to weaken the cognitive and psychological structures of women. The basic material base of the research was the magazine “Przyjaciółka” published in selected periods of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. The supplementary base was the magazine “Kobieta i Życie” and studies by A. Kłoskowska from the 1950s and F. Adamski from the 1960s. In the reconstruction of the family models from the 1950s and 1960s, I used the content analysis method, and in the study of the family model from the 1970s, the frequency-thematic analysis of the messages of the researched content and H. Lasswell’s communication model. The theoretical reference for family analyses inthe period of the People’s Republic of Poland was the concept of family as defined by K. Marx, F. Engels and V. I. Lenin. The research findings revealed that the transmitted content was subject to strong ideologisation and politicisation. The transmitted contentweakened the importance of the family and deformed the sense of family values. The propagated image was one-sided and reduced. The family was treated as a tool in the service of the communist state. The techniques of transmission generated a sense  of mental dilemma, ignorance, and intellectual confusion among the female readers.
Is Non-ideological Education Possible? Didactics from a Constructivist Perspective
Authors: Moroz Jacek
Published: August 2023

In this article, I discuss the assumptions of constructivism and how it can influence teaching practices in promoting critical thinking and empowering students to become active and engaged citizens. I emphasise the role and significance of constructivist education in minimising the possibility of shaping students with submissive, uthoritarian and ideologically susceptible personalities. In the article, I argue that constructivism can be a powerful tool for dealing with any manifestation of ideological thinking and promoting a liberal attitude among students, making it an effective strategy for promoting freedom, a deliberative attitude, and critical thinking.
Utopia a działanie historyczne
Authors: Kondylis Panajotis , Zieliński Lech , Głowacki Patryk
Published: August 2023

Przekład i opracowanie:

Lech Zieliński

Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska

e-mail: lechziel@umk.pl

ORCID: 0000-0003-1265-8873

 

Patryk Głowacki

Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska

e-mail: glowwacki@gmail.com

ORCID: 0000-0001-9095-784X

 

Agata Kobylska

Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska

e-mail: a.kobylska@interia.pl

ORCID: 0000-0003-0367-6121
Melancholie als geistige Waffe: Dimensionen der Melancholie-Problematik bei Panajotis Kondylis
Authors: Jakovljević Alexander
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the question of how Panajotis Kondylis defines melancholy as an intellectual weapon. In doing so, it profiles how the polemical sides of melancholy, the pessimistic attitude of the melancholic, is related to people’s pursuit of power. In order to contour as precisely as possible the polemical dimensions of diverse types of melancholy that Kondylis cites and unfolds using examples from intellectual history, he employs a multidimensional ‘interdisciplinary’ approach. For Kondylis, the multidimensionality of the relationship between melancholy and polemic is rooted in what he describes as structural analogies between individual psychological-anthropological and cultural-critical-socio-political levels of melancholy. The essential characteristic of melancholy in this context is its intentionality. It is intentional per se, because it is always directed against something that lies outside of itself. From this in turn derives its polemical character.
Kondylis: estetyka i polityka
Authors: Waszak Tomasz
Published: August 2023

Tematem artykułu jest relacja obu tytułowych obszarów – zarówno w dziele filozofa, jak i na płaszczyźnie jego recepcji. Sam Kondylis podkreślał rolę gustu w procesie podejmowania decyzji o charakterze światopoglądowym, nie definiując jednak ściśle ani samego pojęcia, ani zakresu jego oddziaływania. Wiele jednak wskazuje na to, że sympatia i antypatia są istotnymi czynnikami elementarnego rozróżnienia między przyjacielem a wrogiem. Z kolei oparta na tym rozróżnieniu konstrukcja ontosocjologiczna także może być przedmiotem oceny estetycznej, urzekając potencjalnych odbiorców oryginalnością i rzucając wyzwanie utartym nawykom politycznego myślenia. Idąc tym tropem, autor artykułu próbuje umiejscowić styl odbioru dzieła Kondylisa w niemieckiej tradycji literacko-filozoficznej.
Recenzja: Z Niemiec do Grecji i z powrotem.
Authors: Jarecka Agata
Published: August 2023

Recenzja
Optimal Condition-Based Maintenance via a Mobile Maintenance Resource
Authors: Sanoubar Shadi , de Jonge Bram , Maillart Lisa M. , Prokopyev Oleg A.
Published: August 2023

We consider the problem of performing condition-based maintenance on a set of geographically distributed assets via a single maintenance resource that travels between the assets’ locations. That is, we dynamically determine the optimal positioning of the maintenance resource and the optimal timing of condition-based maintenance interventions that the maintenance resource performs. These decisions are made as a function of the conditions of the assets and the current location of the maintenance resource to minimize total expected costs, which include downtime, travel, and maintenance expenses. This holistic approach enables us to study unique trade-offs, namely, maintaining an asset early if the maintenance resource is currently close by, or alternatively, optimally repositioning the maintenance resource or having it idle in key locations in anticipation of asset deterioration. We model the location of the maintenance resource and assets using a graph representation and the assets’ deterioration process as a discrete-time Markov chain. We formulate a Markov decision process to obtain the optimal policy for the maintenance resource (i.e., where to travel, idle, or repair). We explore the properties of the optimal policies (analytically and numerically) and how they are affected by the graph structure. Finally, we develop and analyze some implementation-friendly heuristic policies.

Funding: This research was supported by Pitt Momentum Fund Award (3463) and NSF [Grant CMMI-2002681].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2021.0302 .
A EXPERIÊNCIA DA PÁGINA DOMINICAL DE TURISMO NO DIÁRIO “O JORNAL” ENTRE 1926 E 1928 EM PROL DO DESENVOLVIMENTO TURÍSTICO NO BRASIL
Authors: Sotratti Marcelo Antonio
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo consiste na análise da experiência da página dominical de turismo, criada em 1926 pelo diário “O Jornal”, considerando-a como uma iniciativa inédita na imprensa brasileira. Ao longo de sua existência (1926-1928) foram lançadas cinquenta e oito edições, contendo artigos, reportagens, notícias e informações diretamente ligadas à atividade. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho analisa a estrutura e o conteúdo que a página dominical de turismo apresentou no início de sua existência, de forma a refletir sobre os interesses, os discursos e as ideias que os colaboradores e os jornalistas tinham sobre a importância econômica, política e social do turismo para o Brasil.
GUIA DE TURISMO RODOVIÁRIO DO RIO GRANDE SUL – 1952: UMA JANELA PARA COMPREENSÃO DO TURISMO NO ESTADO
Authors: Ragagnin Pimentel Maurício , Hallal Dalila , Müller Dalila
Published: August 2023

Este artigo analisa  a narrativa sobre o turismo, a figura do turista, bem como a justificativa de sua inserção na agenda pública em textos presentes no Guia de Turismo Rodoviário do Rio Grande do Sul de 1952, publicado pela Publicitária Riograndense. Partindo da noção de documento/monumento (LE GOFF, 1984), analisamos as condições de produção da obra e suas especificidades. Os textos analisados apresentam um esforço em consolidar o turismo como uma alavanca de desenvolvimento do Brasil e especificamente do Rio Grande do Sul, em um vínculo entre expansão do turismo e expansão do modal rodoviário. Outro ponto marcante é a ideia do turismo como elemento civilizatório.
REFLEXOS DO TURISMO CULTURAL NOS BAIRROS TRADICIONAIS PORTUÁRIOS DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Ferreira Sirley Conceição
Published: August 2023

O presente texto é parte da pesquisa de mestrado defendido em 2020, no Programa de Pós-Graduação Patrimônio, Cultura e Sociedade – Ppgpacs da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro UFRRJ. Refletimos os impactos do turismo cultural nos bairros tradicionais portuários do Rio de Janeiro e os reflexos nas populações que vivem no entorno do patrimônio. Nas ultimas décadas, as cidades têm adotado ações estratégicas de revitalização de áreas antigas, com objetivo de revitalizá-las para o turismo. No estudo do caso, apresentamos o programa de revitalização urbana Porto Maravilha que está baseado em duas linhas de ação: o porto maravilha cidadão e cultural. Foi observado que as ações do programa pouco atenderam as expectativas da população que residem nos bairros, aumentando os conflitos sociais e urbanos, e as áreas antigas transformadas em espaços funcionais para o turismo cultural.