bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of Ayurvedic Treatment of Vitiligo (Shwitra) in Child
Authors: - Akhand Singh Baghel , - Yogesh Wane , - Prakash Joshi , - Shweta ojha
Published: January 2025

The skin is the largest and most visible organ of the human body, playing a vital role in overall health. Any anomalies in the skin can create both physical and psychological problems for an individual, primarily due to cosmetic concerns. Unfortunately, in some societies, particularly those with limited knowledge, certain skin conditions like leucoderma are mistakenly considered infectious, making it extremely challenging for affected individuals to integrate into society. In Ayurvedic classics, Shwitra is recognized as a type of Kushtha, a skin disorder caused by the vitiation of the three Doshas (Tridosha) and the imbalance of tissues like blood (Rakta), muscle (Mamsa), and fat (Meda). Shwitra can be correlated with Vitiligo or leucoderma, characterized by white patches on the skin resulting from partial or complete loss of skin pigmentation, leading to cosmetic imbalance. Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease that may be associated with other autoimmune conditions, such as pernicious anaemia, Addison's disease, and diabetes mellitus. This disease results in the destruction of melanocytes, causing depigmentation. A 13-year-old male patient presented with a white patch on his right thigh, which he had been experiencing for two years. He underwent Shaman Chikitsa treatment for four months, and the results were assessed based on changes in the size of the patch and photographic evidence. Before initiating the study, informed written consent was secured from the patient's legal guardian, ensuring compliance with ethical standards and regulatory requirements. Follow-up assessments were conducted at one-month intervals, and after three months, significant improvement was observed in the patch's size and color. This study highlights a novel perspective on treating Shwitra Kushtha, offering a cost-effective and safe treatment approach. Furthermore, this research demonstrates a new dimension in treating Shwitra in young patients and provides a foundation for conducting statistically significant studies in the future
The Gorkhaland Movement: A Struggle for Identity, Autonomy, and Socio-Economic Justice
Authors: - Aavanish Tamang
Published: January 2025

The Gorkhaland movement illustrates a continued struggle for statehood by the Nepali-speaking Gorkha community in Darjeeling, shaped by historical grievances, cultural identity, and socio-economic marginalisation. This study explores the movement’s historical evolution, socio-political dynamics and its broader implications for Indian federalism. Using qualitative methodologies, including historical analysis, socio-economic review and ethnographic studies, the research examines governance inefficiencies, economic disparities and the assertion of ethnic identity as central to the movement (Datta and Sengupta, 2020). To gain nuanced insights, a survey was designed and disseminated online to a sample of 71 respondents, representing diverse age groups (18–54 years), occupations (students, professionals, and self-employed) and geographic locations, including Darjeeling, other parts of West Bengal, and other Indian states. The survey utilised multiple-choice questions for quantitative analysis, scaled rating questions to measure opinion intensity, and open-ended questions to capture qualitative responses. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed key trends: 73.2% of respondents perceived political exclusion in West Bengal, 70.4% identified cultural identity as central to statehood demands, and 50.7% emphasised political autonomy as the movement’s primary driver.
Hesperidin: Unveiling its Chemotherapeutic Potential and Mechanism of Action in Cancer
Authors: - Shahrukh Iqbal , - Anshuman Kumar , - Priyetesh
Published: January 2025

Cancer ranks among the top causes of death globally, and current treatments like radiation and chemotherapy often come with notable side effects. Natural compounds particularly those found in citrus fruits like hesperidin, offer potential advantages and benefits in dealing with the illness by impacting the biological processes such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Natural products are not a replacement for medicine, but they can complement standard traditional therapies. Hesperidin, known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and liver-protecting properties, also shows promise in cancer treatment by affecting key cellular pathways involved in cell growth, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Additionally, it may boost the effectiveness of existing cancer treatments when used in combination with other drugs or natural substances
Predictive Analysis on Medicines Availability in Hospitals Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Technique
Authors: - Darshan.U , - Chinmaya.G.P , - Harsh Abhinav , - S.Varun Kumar , - Deepak.R , - Dr.Shanthi S
Published: January 2025

Predictive analytics is an essential tool for optimizing hospital inventory management, especially for the availability of essential medicines. Accurate forecasting of medicine demand can reduce the risk of shortages and overstocking, leading to cost savings and improved patient care. This project explores the use of machine learning algorithms, specifically Random Forest, Decision Tree, and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), to predict the availability of medicines in hospitals. These algorithms analyze historical medicine usage data and incorporate external factors such as disease outbreaks, seasonal fluctuations, and hospital admission rates to predict future demand. The implementation of these models aims to optimize the hospital’s medicine supply chain by providing accurate forecasts for inventory management. The results show that machine learning based predictions significantly improve the accuracy of medicine availability forecasts, helping healthcare providers make informed decisions regarding stock levels.
Infrastructural Development for Tourism in Great Nicobar: Special Reference to Campbell Bay, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
Authors: - Dr. Ratan Mazumdar
Published: January 2025

The main objective of the present study has been making comparison of changes in the island settlement particularly over the space and time and its real time development from issue based. The discussion reveals that there has been a tendency of growth among local people after Tsunami 2004 in the few pockets of Campbell Bay oriented. This has happened probably because of two important factors. Firstly, the wave of central government scheme towards mega project and attraction of future tourism prospects. Secondly, the island itself plays an important role for its strategic location. The island has certain individual features which would to some extent, determine a considerably different line of growth, but in the main, condition in the Indian subcontinent will obviously be the principal determining factor in the future course of tourism development in the island. The article is an endeavour to analyse the aspect of tourism prospective.
A Comprehensive Review of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: - Arunodaya B S , - Prakash S Goudanavar , - N. Raghavendra Naveen
Published: January 2025

Liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and emulsions are alternatives to other popular colloidal carriers. Because of its advantages, solid lipid nanoparticles were developed in the early 1990s, including controlled drug release, focused drug delivery, and outstanding durability. The many methods utilized to manufacture solid lipid nanoparticles and excipients, including the membrane contractor technique, are summarised in this article, along with their possible benefits and drawbacks. Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) stability relies on maintaining particle size, drug encapsulation, and integrity over time. Excipients like surfactants and lipids influence stability, preventing aggregation and oxidation. Drying techniques, such as spray drying and lyophilization, enhance stability by converting SLNs to solid forms, while lipid composition and drug-lipid compatibility are crucial factors. So, the instrumental techniques employed and the difficulties associated with SLN manufacturing are thoroughly examined. Particular focus is placed on the SLN release pattern and drug integration models in SLN. The main uses of SLNs, including targeted drug delivery, and the analytical approaches used in SLN assessments, are covered in detail. The main objective of this work is a thorough overview of solid lipid nanoparticles, including production methods, characterization, and routes of administration. A discussion of the components of the SLN delivery mechanism and the in vivo destiny of the carriers are also included.
Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among Lactating Mother in Rural Odisha
Authors: - Binita Bijayalaxmi , - Bibudha Bijayalaxmi
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines “Nutrition” as the intake of food considered in relation to the baby’s dietary needs. Children are the chief victim of interchange of the nutrition, socioeconomic and health factors that cause malnutrition. Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood is essential to ensure proper growth and development. Research scientific evidence reveals that malnutrition has been responsible directly or indirectly for 60% of mortality among children under five years annually. Over more than half of these deaths is often associated with wrong feeding practices. The Infant and Young child feeding practices during the first 2 years of life is overriding importance as this period is the “critical window” for the promotion of good health, growth, behavioral, and intellectual development. A study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of the lactating mothers regarding IYCF (Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices) in the district of Kendrapara, Odisha.
Challenges and Successes in Implementing the Kisan Credit Card Scheme: A Comparative Study among the Beneficiary Farmers of Punjab and Haryana
Authors: - Kanupriya Kaushik , - Dr. Seema Sharma
Published: January 2025

This study aims to comparatively evaluate the impact of the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme on the financial security and agricultural output of beneficiary farmers in Punjab and Haryana, identify the implementation challenges faced by beneficiary farmers, and recommend policy changes to improve its effectiveness and inclusiveness. This study adopted a descriptive research approach, relying on a survey-based quantitative research design to comparatively assess the successes and challenges faced by a group of 200 randomly selected farmers, taking 100 farmers from among the beneficiary farmers in both states. Using a paired sample t-test, the statistical analysis found a more profound positive impact of success dimensions, improved crop production (t=-2.64, p=.011), crop storage capacity (t=-8.90, p=.000), resource management (t=-4.54, p=.000), and relief of financial and psychological stress, among the beneficiary farmers of Haryana. In terms of improved socioeconomic conditions, farmers in Punjab (mean = 4.29) were slightly more satisfied than farmers in Haryana (mean = 4.13), but the difference was not significant (t=1.83, p=.069). Despite these achievements, the implementation of the KCC scheme also posed significant challenges to the beneficiary farmers, for which some policy changes are recommended by the researcher. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of agricultural credit schemes by highlighting the differential impacts of policy implementation across states in different socio-economic contexts. It also provides practical insights for policymakers and financial institutions to design region-specific strategies that address farmers’ unique challenges and priorities.
DomoticX (Smart Home Automation System)
Authors: - Ashutosh Mahindrakar , - Parshwa Patil , - Prathamesh Mali , - Pprathmesh Anande
Published: January 2025

DomoticX is a cutting-edge home automation system designed to intelligently control and monitor household appliances. Leveraging ESP32 microcontrollers alongside Rain Maker, IR remote, menu switches, relay modules, and TSOP IR, the system ensures seamless operation in manual and automated modes. It features six relays for light, bulb, and door open/close control, four relays for speed adjustments, and a secure door open and close function, offering comprehensive home management. Wireless data transmission enables real-time monitoring and control via intuitive interfaces. DomoticX enhances energy efficiency, user convenience, and scalability, embodying the future of smart home ecosystems through IoT-driven solutions
Relationship Between Backpack Weight And Prevalence Of Dropped Shoulders In College Going Students-An Observational Study
Authors: - Kajal Korani , - Tayyaba Munawar
Published: January 2025

: This study has been undertaken to determine and study the prevalence of dropped shoulders in young college going students. Carrying heavy backpacks places excessive stress on the muscles, leading to postural changes and muscle weakness. Posture was assessed using plumb line which is a simple, feasible and non-invasive method to assess dropped shoulders.
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): A Comprehensive Review of its Impact on Pediatric and General Populations
Authors: - Venugopal Reddy Iragamreddy
Published: January 2025

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract infections worldwide, particularly affecting pediatric, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. Since its discovery in 2001, HMPV has been recognized as a significant pathogen with clinical manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory symptoms to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Recently, surges in HMPV cases in China and Malaysia have highlighted its potential for widespread outbreaks. This review explores the virology, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, treatment, and prevention strategies for HMPV, with a special focus on its recent outbreaks and implications for global health. Evidence-based insights from recent studies provide a comprehensive understanding of this virus, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance, diagnostic capabilities, and vaccination efforts.
Legal Education in India: Historical Evolution and the NEP 2020 Vision
Authors: - Shabnam Akbar Pathan
Published: January 2025

Legal education in India has a rich and complex history, evolving from its colonial roots to meet the needs of an independent, democratic nation. Initially introduced to train legal practitioners for the British administration, it gradually expanded to address broader societal and constitutional concerns. Over the decades, reforms such as the establishment of National Law Universities and regulatory frameworks by the Bar Council of India have reshaped legal education. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a pivotal moment, aiming to modernize education across disciplines. This research examines the historical journey and NEP’s transformative vision for legal education in India.
Human Trafficking : A Social Evil
Authors: - Tanishka Bhatt
Published: January 2025

Human Trafficking is a type of slavery which is common in India and in other parts of the world. It is a crime which violates the basic human rights of an individual or group of people, there is no age, gender, caste criteria for human trafficking. Human Trafficking is an act where poor and helpless humans are made to do acts through fraud, coercion, force which a dignified human with self esteem and morality would never do; such as bonded labour, begging, pickpocketing, prostitution, pornography, supply of drugs, selling of bodily organs etc. The offence of human trafficking has been existing in the world since ancient times and is still prevailing in rural and urban areas of the globe. Article 23, 24 of the Indian Constitution, Immoral Trafficking Prevention Act, 1956, Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994, Protection of Children from Sexual Offences, 2012, Criminal Law (amendment) Act, 2013,Trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill 2018, Trafficking in Persons( Prevention, Care and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2021, Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita Bill, 2023, Section 366-A, 366- B, 370, 370 A, 372, 373, 374 of Indian Penal Code 1860, are some of the Anti Trafficking laws of our country which prohibits the offence of human trafficking and imposes stricter punishment on those who commit it.This article is an attempt to understand how human trafficking is prevailing and what steps are taken to combat human trafficking.
Echoes of Violence: Exploring the Narratives of Battered Women
Authors: - MARY-AN D. UGAPAY
Published: January 2025

This study sought to answer the following questions: Identify the difficulties faced by women who have been subjected to domestic violence; Investigate the approaches taken by participants in addressing issues related to battered women; Illuminate the hopes and dreams of women who have experienced domestic violence.
This study is conducted in the municipalities of Kitaotao, Don Carlos, and Maramag, known for their high incidence of reported domestic violence cases. The researcher chose these locations to gain insight into the difficulties faced by victims and to examine the coping strategies they use to navigate their situations.
The reasons behind domestic abuse often include issues such as jealousy, gambling, excessive drinking, and fundamental disagreements between partners. Jealousy can fuel controlling and aggressive behavior, while gambling can lead to financial strain and heightened tension. Alcohol abuse frequently exacerbates conflicts and lowers inhibitions, increasing the likelihood of violence. The ongoing disagreements and a lack of communication or compatibility can create a volatile environment where abuse becomes a recurring issue. These factors collectively contribute to a cycle of abuse that can be difficult for victims to escape.
The Contribution of Microfinance Firms to the Welfare of Those Living Below the Poverty Line and Their Awareness among Young People
Authors: - Dr. Shyamali Ghosh
Published: January 2025

The enormous impact microfinance companies have on improving the lives of those living below the poverty line is the main topic of this research. These organisations provide people access to modest loans and financial facilities, which support inclusive finance systems for underserved populations. The paper also looks at the ways in which these organisations advance financial literacy, empowering people to manage their money sensibly and make informed decisions. It emphasises this point by citing empirical evidence and real-world examples that demonstrate that microfinance initiatives not only lower poverty but also spur economic growth and social development in places without banking services, given that these areas are frequently underserved by other financial institutions. The importance of providing credit to the impoverished is emphasised in this essay as it eliminates needless reliance on welfare and enables less fortunate members of society to establish sustainable means of subsistence.
Examine the Changes on Explosive Power Due to Dismounting and Reschooling Training Process
Authors: - Renchu.T , - Dr.V.A.manickam
Published: January 2025

The main task of the study was to examine the changes on explosive power due to dismounting and reschooling training process. To achieve the task of the study, sixty men students studying bachelor degree in Alagappa university college of physical education, Alagappa university, karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India, were selected as subjects and they were divided into four equal groups of fifteen subjects each at random. Group I and Group II underwent weight training and plyometric training respectively for three days per week for twelve weeks whereas Group III underwent complex weight and plyometric training and they underwent weight training for first six weeks and plyometric training for remaining six weeks as three days per week for twelve weeks. And Group IV acted as control they did not undergo any special training programme apart from their regular physical education programme of the curriculum. All the subjects of the four groups were tested on explosive power at prior and immediately after the training programme as pre and posttests respectively, at every ten days of dismounting programme for forty days (four season) and after the four weeks of reschooling programme. The collected data were statistically analyzed by using 4  7 factorial ANOVA with last factor repeated measures to find out the significant differences between rows (groups) and columns (tests). Whenever, the obtained “F” ratio for interaction changes was found to be significant, the simple changes in test was used as a follow up test. Since, four groups and seven different stages of tests were compared, whenever the obtained “F” ratio value in the simple changes was significant the Scheffe’S test was applied as post hoc test to determine the paired mean differences, if any. The results of the study showed that there was significant difference exist between weight training group, plyometric training group and complex weight and plyometric training group when compared to control group on explosive power. Significant differences were found among the experimental groups on explosive power after first and second season of dismounting period. And no significant differences were found among the experimental groups on explosive power after third and fourth season of dismounting period. It is revealed that there were no significant decreases on explosive power after first and second season of dismounting period. And there were significant decreases on explosive power after third and fourth season of dismounting period. The results of the study also showed that there was significant difference exist between fourth season and after four weeks of training period on explosive power for weight training group, plyometric training group and complex weight and plyometric training group.
The Linguistic Aspects of Emojis in Conversation and Based on Mental Health
Authors: - Nishat Tamanna Ohi
Published: January 2025

The Emoji has become one of the greatest innovations in sector of communication since it delivers emotions and personalization to messages in dgital platform. Other than that emojis can be used as a mental health indicator. This review paper is based on analyzing various research papers on the linguistic aspects of emojis , some of them also describing about mental health related situations on the uses of emojis. The previous papers did not analyze the facts of how the usage is related to grammatical competency or it can be applicable that way. This paper is focused on that. This paper is also relevant on how emoji usage is related to linguistic aspects; from semantic, pragmatic pont of view. This paper couldn’t focus broadly on how mental health can be depicted or analyze in a broad way. Future works should be focused on those facts
Trade Marketing in the Post-COVID Era: A Deep Dive into the FMCG Industry
Authors: - Mariya Fatima
Published: January 2025

The Study aims to show how Post-COVID-19 pandemic has changed trade marketing strategies from the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods aspect, focusing on how consumer behaviour and the retail environment has changed. The research combines quantitative analysis of sales performance data, consumer buying behaviors and qualitative feedback from key industry players regarding the effectiveness of new marketing tactics post-pandemic using a mixed-method approach. The findings show a clear pivot to digital interaction — more shopping online, plus interest in health-oriented products. Such changes are indicative of the new requirements of consumers as well as a request for a re-evaluation of traditional marketing models employed in the FMCG industry. The findings matter for marketing and also illuminate how consumer health trends affect what types of products are on store shelves, suggesting that health issues are increasingly influencing purchasing decisions. Thus the study adds to the existing knowledge of trade marketing and how it can evolve and support consumer health while aiding FMCG brands achieve sustained growth in the
transformed marketplace. These implications indicate a marketing gain by integrating health and well-being, which would aid future developments in the FMCG sector and healthcare industry.
Lawak ng Pagpapahalaga sa Asignaturang Filipino at Estilo ng Pagtuturo ng mga Guro
Authors: - Margielyn P. Sardoma , - Marefe Silongan Peralta, LPT
Published: January 2025

Ang pangunahing layunin ng pag-aaral na ito ay upang suriin ang ugnayan sa pagitan ng lawak ng pagpapahalaga sa asignaturang Filipino at estilo ng pagtuturo ng mga guro. Ang pag-aaral na ito ay gumamit ng kwantitatibong disenyo sa deskriptibong korelasyunal na teknik. Ang mga respondente ay binubuo ng 235 na mga mag-aaral mula sa Unang Taon ng Institusyon ng Edukasyon (ITED) sa Kapalong College of Agricuture, Sciences and Technology. Gumamit ang mananaliksik ng talatanungan bilang instrumento sa pagkalap ng mga datos. Batay sa natuklasang resulta, lumabas na ang lawak ng pagpapahalaga sa asignaturang Filipino at estilo ng pagtuturo ng mga guro ay parehong mataas. Bukod dito, natuklasan din sa pag-aaral na ang dalawang baryabol na lawak ng pagpapahalaga sa asignaturang Filipino at estilo ng pagtuturo ng mga guro ay may makabuluhang ugnayan. Inirerekomenda ng mananaliksik ang pagpapatupad ng mga programa para sa pagpapalakas ng antas ng kasanayang propesyonal ng mga baguhang guro sa pagtuturo ng Filipino, na maglalayong mapabuti hindi lamang ang kanilang propesyonal na pag-unlad kundi pati na rin ang kalidad ng edukasyon at tagumpay ng mga mag-aaral. Dagdag pa rito, mahalaga ring bigyan ng pagkakataon ang mga mag-aaral na mapalawak ang kanilang mga kasanayan sa pagsasaliksik, pagsusulat, at pagpapahayag upang magkaroon sila ng kumpyansang magamit ang kanilang kaalaman sa iba't ibang larangan. Gayundin, inirerekomenda ang paggamit ng mga aktibong mga estratehiya sa pag-aaral na makatutulong sa parehong mga mag-aaral at guro para sa mas epektibong paraan ng pagkatuto.
Challenges and Opportunities in Rural Education: Bridging Gaps Through Innovation
Authors: - Madhvi Bagla
Published: January 2025

The backbone of socio-economic progress for India, the system of education in rural India is plagued with systemic barriers ranging from inadequate infrastructural facilities and teacher shortages to high dropout rates, especially that of girls. This research probes into these problems, analyzing socio-economic, cultural, and systemic factors that challenge educational equity in rural areas. Drawing upon a multidisciplinary approach, the study assesses how programs like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, ICT in Schools, and Digital India have been effective while bringing limitations to the ground realities. The research also explores the transformative potential of EdTech and community-based models in bridging resource gaps and enhancing accessibility. It explores scalable solutions to infrastructure development, teacher retention, and digital learning adoption in resource-constrained settings using a mix of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Findings should inform policy reforms and empower rural communities toward sustainable and inclusive educational outcomes aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals.
A Study On The Financial Performance Of State Bank Of India In The Post-Covid-19 Era With Special Reference To Digital Transformation
Authors: - Mouresh Kumar.S , - Dr. Arun Prakash.R
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the financial performance of the State Bank of India (SBI) during the post-COVID-19 era, with a specific focus on the role of digital transformation. As India’s largest public sector bank, SBI has embraced technological advancements, including the YONO platform and AI-driven processes, to improve customer engagement, operational efficiency, and overall financial performance. Using a descriptive research design and secondary data from 2019 to 2024, key financial indicators such as credit-deposit ratio, earnings per share, and return on equity were analysed. The results demonstrate a steady improvement in profitability and operational metrics, alongside significant growth in digital transactions. The findings highlight SBI’s resilience and adaptive strategies in navigating the challenges of the pandemic and its transition toward a digitally-driven banking model.
Integrated Teacher Education Programme: A Forward Step to Teacher Education in India.
Authors: - Dr. Kishore Roy
Published: January 2025

Teacher education is an integral and vital component of education system of any country. A sound and dynamic teacher education is a must for the country like India. Hence, all the previous education commissions and committees recommended a sound and affordable teacher education system in the country. Due to their recommendations, different initiatives and modifications were occurred in different phases of teacher education in India. National Education Policy-2020 also suggests and recommends in this regard. Regarding the importance of teacher education Hence, The New Education Policy-2020 made various recommendations in regard to update and timely adjustment of the teacher education programmes in India. Integrated Teacher Education Programme or ITEP is a positive initiative of Government of India in this regard. The major objective of the ITEP is to create passionate, motivated, qualified, professionally equipped and well- trained teachers who can really create a enjoyable teaching-learning environment at each and every stage of education. This course seeks to enhance quality education at every level by providing quality and trained teachers. The National Education Policy-2020 seeks to create envisioned teachers who can shape the future of the nation and contribute a lot to the overall development of the students who are the future of the country. Hence, ITEP programme is a gateway for the aspiring teachers who want to do some innovative efforts in teaching-learning process. Thus, the paper highlights the features, advantages, disadvantages and challenges of teacher education in this context in India and makes necessary suggestions.
A Study of Respondents on Level of Risk Associated and Pattern of Investment in Respect of Salaried Employees
Authors: - Dr. Manoj Kumar Sharma , - Vaidika Prajapat
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the risk perceptions and investment habits of salaried individuals, looking at the variables that affect their financial judgment. The main goal is to examine how salaried individuals handle their financial portfolios, what kinds of investment instruments they favor, and the risks they attach to these decisions. Key patterns in investment preferences are identified by the study using a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. These trends include the inclination towards low-risk assets like mutual funds and fixed deposits. The study also explores the socioeconomic and psychological elements that influence their risk tolerance, including family obligations, financial literacy, and income stability. Research indicates that people on salaries typically choose conservative investments since they want to be financially secure and don't have extensive financial knowledge. The study also identifies typical issues salaried investors deal with, such as low disposable income and inflation worries. In order to promote a more knowledgeable and diverse approach to investing, the study ends with suggestions for enhancing financial education and giving salaried people better access to risk-managed investment products.
Behavioral Biases in Online Shopping: A Study on How Discounts and Recommendations Influence Choices
Authors: - Garv Nagpal
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
This research paper examines the role of behavioral biases specifically anchoring and the decoy effect in shaping online shopping decisions, particularly in the context of discounts and tailored product recommendations. By understanding how these biases influence consumer choices, online retailers can optimize their marketing strategies to improve user engagement and increase conversion rates. The study provides actionable insights into how strategic use of these biases can enhance marketing effectiveness, while also addressing the ethical considerations necessary to maintain consumer trust and satisfaction. Excessive use of behavioral biases can lead to manipulative practices, and retailers must ensure transparency and fairness in their marketing efforts. Additionally, the research suggests avenues for future studies, focusing on exploring these biases within specific demographics or regional contexts to better understand how they vary across different populations. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into both the potential benefits and ethical implications of using behavioral strategies in online retail settings.
The Evolving Landscape of Human Metapneumovirus Research: Challenges and Future Aspects
Authors: - Mohammed Shanil P , - Farsana Jasmin K
Published: January 2025

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus from the Paramyxoviridae family, has been recognized as a significant cause of respiratory infections, particularly in children, elderly adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite its relatively recent discovery in 2001, HMPV has been implicated in various respiratory illnesses ranging from mild upper respiratory infections to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. This article comprehensively reviews current HMPV research, including its molecular biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical implications, and emerging therapeutic options. It also explores future directions in HMPV research, focusing on vaccine development, antiviral therapies, and improved diagnostic approaches.
"Beyond the Screen: The Impact of Violence and Sexuality in Indian Films on Youth"
Authors: - Hemant Bhalerao , - Bageshree Majali
Published: January 2025

This research paper examines the impact of violence and sexuality in Indian films and web series on young people, focusing on those aged 17 to 21.
Smart Plant Monitoring System and Chatbot
Authors: - Aryan Gupta , - Arushi Vaidya , - Animesh Sapra
Published: January 2025

The Smart Plant Monitoring System integrates the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to address key challenges faced in modern agriculture. The system provides real-time monitoring of plant health, moisture levels, and environmental conditions, enabling farmers to make data-driven decisions for sustainable farming practices. Key features of the system include automated irrigation, pest detection, disease diagnosis, and user-friendly mobile app integration, all designed to enhance plant care, conserve resources, and reduce environmental impact.
Kepner-Tregoe And Analytic Hierarchy Process For Decision Support In Selecting Low-Capacity Pumps at Refinery Unit VI Balongan
Authors: - Firdaus Sembiring , - Meditya Wasesa
Published: January 2025

Following the execution of the RDMP Phase-1 project in early 2022, the crude distillation unit (CDU) RU-VI Balongan experienced operational issues. All of the CDU equipment was inspected, and observations showed that there was a difference between the designed capacity and the operational capacity needed for the LGO and HGO product pumps. This difference may result in operational losses for RU-VI Balongan due to limited CDU capacity. This issue requires prompt attention to ensure the sustainable achievement of the operational assignment targets for the RU-VI Balongan Refinery. This study aims to assist management in addressing the capacity limitations of the LGO and HGO product pump. In this article, the author utilizes many methodological approaches for a more extensive and thorough understanding. The author employs the Kepner Tregoe problem analysis methodology, focus group discussions, and structured interview procedures to investigate corporate challenges. The author also employs the stakeholder analysis method to determine stakeholders' expectations for problem resolution. The author developed three alternative solutions: increasing the pump impeller diameter, developing an identical pump, and retrofitting the existing pump. Using subject matter experts with decision-making power in the RU-VI Balongan refinery setting, the author used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to find the best option. The findings of this study demonstrate that the addition of a pump unit is the optimal approach, offering superior quality, reliability, and the most suitable after-sales support. Upon concluding this research, the author recommends a strategy for executing the optimal solution to resolve the capacity challenges of LGO and HGO product pumps.
Natural Preservation Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: - V.Geetha
Published: January 2025

The pharmaceutical industry has traditionally relied on synthetic preservatives to prolong the shelf-life and maintain the efficacy of drugs. However, increasing consumer demand for natural and sustainable solutions has led to a shift towards natural preservatives. This review explores the development of natural preservatives in the pharmaceutical industry, focusing on their sources, mechanisms of action, advantages, and challenges. Natural preservatives, such as essential oils, plant extracts, and fermentation-based substances, are increasingly being incorporated into pharmaceutical formulations as alternatives to synthetic chemicals. This paper highlights the current trends, innovations, and future prospects of natural preservatives, considering their safety, effectiveness, and regulatory aspects. The role of natural preservatives in reducing environmental impact and enhancing product sustainability is also discussed.
Sustainable Architecture: Crafting a Future in Harmony with Nature
Authors: - Sanjeev Duseja
Published: January 2025

Green and sustainable architecture is about more than just building structures—it’s about shaping a future where people and nature thrive together. This approach reimagines the entire lifecycle of buildings, focusing on reducing environmental impact, creating healthier spaces, and using resources wisely. It champions energy efficiency, water conservation, and the use of sustainable materials while prioritizing the well-being of those who live and work within these spaces.

From the greenery-covered Bosco Verticale in Milan to the ultra-efficient Edge in Amsterdam, these innovative designs prove that sustainability and beauty can go hand in hand. The benefits ripple far and wide: lower emissions, long-term savings, healthier communities, and buildings that can adapt to a changing world.

While challenges like costs and regulations remain, the growing momentum for greener practices and advancements in technology bring hope. Communities have the power to drive this change by advocating for eco-friendly policies, raising awareness, and creating spaces where people connect with nature.

Sustainable architecture isn’t just a trend—it’s a necessity. By embracing it, we can create homes and cities that honor the planet while inspiring and nurturing the people who call it home. Together, we can build a world that’s not only sustainable but truly worth living in.
Technology Integration in Classrooms: Evaluating Teachers’ Perceptions of Administrative Support in Tanzanian and Indian Schools
Authors: - Nyanda Benjamin , - Dr. Kiran Lata Dangwal
Published: January 2025

This study examines teachers' perceptions of administrative support for technology integration in classrooms, with a comparative analysis between Tanzanian and Indian secondary schools. The research points out the significant role of administrative leadership in creating an environment conducive to adopting digital technologies in education. Teacher data was collected through a mixed-method approach by questionnaires and interviews, coupled with the demographic analysis of gender, age, education levels, and teaching experience. Results from the quantitative analysis indicated that generally, Indian teachers were satisfied with administrative support; however, their Tanzanian counterparts showed dissatisfaction, mainly because of inadequate training opportunities and lack of proper IT infrastructure. Qualitative data from interviews with school heads corroborated these results, highlighting systemic policy implementation and resource allocation challenges. The study emphasizes that effective technology integration requires not only investment in infrastructure but also consistent professional development for teachers and proactive administrative engagement. These findings are significant for policymakers aiming to bridge the digital divide in education across diverse socio-economic contexts. Conclusively, it makes recommendations that will strengthen administrative frameworks through support systems in terms of ICT; regular training programs; and collective leadership models to have effective teacher efficacies in utilizing technology. More so, providing comparative insights within this research enhances broader discussion into digital transformation issues in education issues more keenly experienced among developing nations.
A Case Report on Donepezil Induced Cervical Dystonia
Authors: - RANIMOL MATHEW , - RINKU ELSA REJI , - ARYA ABHEDANANDHAN , - HARIKRISHNAN S
Published: January 2025

Cervical dystonia, is a neurological condition characterized by involuntary neck muscle contractions, abnormal head and neck postures. This case report describes a 63 Year-old male with Parkinsonism and early dementia who developed severe cervical dystonia after starting Donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor used to manage cognitive impairment. The patient came with complaints of difficulty in sitting, mild rigidity and anterior neck flexion. Discontinuation of Donepezil led to significant improvement; subsequent treatment with Trihexyphenidyl was effective. This case underscores the importance of monitoring for rare but serious side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors and highlights the need for further research into their mechanisms and risk factors.
A Comparative Analysis of Monetary and Fiscal Policies in the Post-COVID-19 Economic Recovery: India vs. the United States
Authors: - Ananya Mall
Published: January 2025

Owing to the significant economic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, countries all over the world were forced to adopt fiscal and monetary policies to stabilise their economies. The efficiency and drawbacks of the recovery tactics used by the developed economy of the United States and the developing country of India are compared in this study. Findings suggest that a comparatively quick recovery was promoted by the U.S.'s implementation of broad fiscal policies, including the $2.2 trillion CARES Act, and monetary interventions, such as quantitative easing and reduced interest rates. In contrast, despite witnessing success with the implementation of policies like the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package and interest rate reductions, structural issues like a large informal economy and limited fiscal capacity hindered India's recovery. The study underscores the disparities in resource availability, policy impact, and recovery pace, reflecting the broader challenges faced by developing nations.
Role of Animal Welfare Boards in Policy Development and Enforcement
Authors: - Pragnya Parmita
Published: January 2025

The Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) serves as a pillar to explore the animal rights and litigants on animal welfare laws. Established in 1962 under the provision of the act of prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 1960 the AWBI is a statutory advisory board under the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying. This paper explores many functions of the board such as the regulatory role of the board, the funding authority of animal welfare related organizations and being an advisor to the government of the policy relating to the animals. It discusses the board’s financial support of construction of shelters, medical treatment of animals, and animal birth control with the view of eradicating cruelty as well as inhuman treatment of animals. However, the Board also faces several challenges such as poor resource endowment, legal constraints and clash with welfare policies. This paper also includes various recommendation to enhance the implementation of the AWBI like legal enhancement, funding, technology-based enforcement, and awareness. Lastly, it stipulates that the effectiveness of the AWBI rests on the fragile relationship between animal protection legislation on one hand and social norms and cultures and International cooperation on the other in enhancing and achieving a humane and sustainable society.
THE LOCALIZATION OF OIL LEAKS IN THE SEA USING SATELLITE AND DRONE IMAGES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MODELS
Authors: V.M. Abbasov, R.E. Azizov, Z.Z. Aghamaliyev V.M. Abbasov, R.E. Azizov, Z.Z. Aghamaliyev , E.A. Aydinsoy, N.Y. Alimadatli E.A. Aydinsoy, N.Y. Alimadatli
Published: January 2025

Computer Vision, Deep Learning, and Machine Learning Algorithms make it possible to detect various dynamic issues in nature. Tankers, oil fields, oil pipelines, and hydrocarbon leaks and spills create serious problems for the sea ecosystems. [1] Utilizing this type of model can help de-tect oil leaks promptly, guide scientists’ predictions, compile cleaning plans, make urgent decisions on time, and stop or reduce the negative impacts of those incidents. Numerous recent scientific studies have been taken on this issue [2-7]. Illegal Pollution requires continuous monitoring and remote tracking technique employing satellites is an intriguing solution for the detection of oil leaks [8]. In this article, the solution to this problem is provided with the help of a recently updat-ed model [9]. Specifically, emphasize the automatic approach of differentiation of oil marks and other similar marks.
Keywords: Oil, Oil Leak, Artificial Intelligence, Image Localization Models, PyTorch, YOLOv8.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN AZERBAIJAN AND UKRAINE IN THE AGE OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors: Turkan Sheydai, Nurana Abdullayeva Turkan Sheydai, Nurana Abdullayeva , Oleh Yatsiuk Oleh Yatsiuk
Published: January 2025

The article shows the necessity of applying scientifically efficient technologies and expanding in-novative activities to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture. As it is known, the term agriculture means the process of production of plant and animal products, improvement of their quality and effectiveness, protection of these products under suitable conditions, development and evaluation and putting them on sale.
Agriculture is one of the sectors that form part of the economy of every country, including Azer-baijan and Ukraine. The importance of new generation technologies in accelerating the innovative development of the agricultural sector is explained. State support for agriculture, including the practice of subsidizing this field, has now become a crucial element of the global agricultural sys-tem.
This article examines the theoretical aspects of the issue of state support to agriculture and analyz-es the international experience in this field. State support measures for agriculture in Azerbaijan and Ukraine, especially direct subsidies, were systematically analyzed and the efficiency of this support was evaluated based on various indicators..
Keywords: Agriculture, Sustainable Development, Innovation, Technology, Digitalization, Indicator.