bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تحليل النتاج الفكري لمصطلح إنترنت الأشياء في قاعدة بياناتScopus للفترة (2010–2018)
Authors: السلامية أسماء بنت علي , المعمرية ماريا بنت عبدالله
Published: April 2020

ملخص

منذ بداية ظهور الإنترنت وثورة الاتصالات أصبحت المعلومات في تغير جذري؛ إذ أحدث قفزة كبيرة في عالم الإنترنت، وأصبح التوجه من إنترنت الاتصالات إلى إنترنت الأشياء، مما سهل عملية توصيل الأشياء ونقل البيانات، وتأتي هذه الدراسة لبيان مفهوم إنترنت الأشياء ودراسة طبيعة تأثيرها في المكتبات الأكاديمية، ثم تحليل حجم النتاج الفكري حول هذا الموضوع في قاعدة بيانات Scopus خلال السنوات (2010–2018)، وقد أظهرت النتائج وجود 47,302 دراسة، وأن أغلب الدراسات كانت في عام 2018؛ ويعزى ذلك لاتضاح معالم المصطلح بمرور السنوات لكونه مصطلح جديد إلى حدٍ ما، وتعد الصين عامةً وجامعة بكين للبريد والاتصالات خاصةً الأكثر اهتمامًا بالنشر في هذا المجال؛ ويرجع ذلك لكون الصين من الدول الصناعية الكبيرة، وان إنترنت الأشياء واحدة من هذه الصناعات، كما أظهرت النتائج أن أعمال المؤتمرات هي أكثر أنواع مصادر المعلومات التي نشرت في انترنت الأشياء تليها المقالات العلمية، وقد حظي تخصص علوم الحاسب الآلي أكثر المجالات الموضوعية تداولاً.

في حين أن النتاج الفكري لجامعة السلطان قابوس حول إنترنت الأشياء بلغ 36 دراسة، وأن أعمال المؤتمرات حظيت بالنسبة الأكبر؛ وقد يعود ذلك لعدم وجود معايير صارمة عند نشر أوراق عمل في المؤتمرات بخلاف ما هو موجود عند النشر في المجلات العلمية، والتي قد تختلف من مجلة إلى أخرى، وأن مصطلح إنترنت الأشياء ورد في 12 تخصص موضوعي، أغلبها كانت لعلوم الحاسب الآلي، وأقلها في العلوم الاجتماعية؛ ويرجع السبب في وجود عدد كبير من الدراسات قد تكون نشرت باللغة العربية وهي غير مكشفة في SCOPUS.
Estudio de la lengua popular utilizada por hablantes de Managua, Nicaragua: perspectiva lexicográfica
Authors: Mendoza Morán Francis
Published: April 2020

Los objetivos propuestos de esta investigación permitieron explorar y aplicar parte del cuestionario del Proyecto de estudio sociolingüístico del español de España y América (PRESEEA) en varias zonas de Managua. Las entrevistas fueron escuchadas varias veces para dar paso a la identificación de lemas y frases que estuvieran en el nivel sociocultural de la lengua popular. Después se pasó a la etapa de la estructuración del corpus lexicográfico. Seguidamente los resultados fueron argumentados desde la perspectiva lexicográfica, destacando informaciones, tales como: gramatical, pragmática, nivel de lengua y algunas locuciones. Este trabajo es un aporte para el fortalecimiento de los estudios sobre la descripción léxico-semántica del español hablado actualmente en Nicaragua.
COPING RELIGIOSO/ESPIRITUAL: UM ESTUDO COM FAMILIARES DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES EM TRATAMENTO QUIMIOTERÁPICO
Authors: Jaramillo Rosangela Garcia , Monteiro Pedro Sadi , Borges Moema Da Silva
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: identificar o estilo de coping religioso-espiritual utilizado entre familiares de crianças eadolescentes em tratamento quimioterápico.Método: estudo descritivo quantitativo. Os dados foram coletados com 63 familiares cuidadoresem um hospital pediátrico no Distrito Federal, com um questionário para caracterização da amostrae a escala coping religioso/espiritual. Na análise utilizou-se os programas Statistical Package for theSocial Sciences versão 16.0 e Microsoft Excel 2013.Resultados: o valor do coping religioso/espiritual total obtido foi de 3,7. A média de coping religioso/espiritual positivo foi de 3,4 e negativo foi de 2. A razão coping religioso/espiritual negativo/copingreligioso/espiritual positivo foi de 0,6 com direcionamento do uso do coping religioso/espiritualpara as estratégias negativas.Conclusão: os familiares cuidadores utilizaram o coping religioso-espiritual empregando tantoestratégias positivas quanto negativas, com predomínio das estratégias negativas. Esses resultadosfundamentam a assistência de enfermagem associando as competências para o cuidado dadimensão física às necessidades espirituais de toda a unidade familiar.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE PACIENTES COM REAÇÕES HANSÊNICAS
Authors: Lima Siméia Macêdo de , Brito Karen Krystine Gonçalves de , Santana Emanuelle Malzac Freire de , Nóbrega Matheus De Medeiros , Carvalho Paula Soares , Oliveira Simone Helena dos Santos , Silva Mirian Alves da
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da hanseníase na qualidade de vida de pacientes com reaçõeshansênicas.Método: estudo transversal e quantitativo realizado com 40 pacientes em janeiro de 2017 emambulatório de hospital paraibano de referência utilizando questionário contendo dadossociodemográficos e clínico-epidemiológicos e instrumento para avaliação da qualidade vida, TheWorld Health Organization Quality of Life.Resultados: observou-se que a dimensão relações sociais sobressaiu-se (64,38) com melhor escorepara qualidade de vida, destacando-se elevada satisfação (85%) dos indivíduos. O domínio físicoapresentou menor escore (51,07), com 50% de relatos de limitação para realização de atividadesdevido à dor, todavia todas as dimensões pontuaram acima de 50 pontos, direcionando para boaqualidade de vida.Conclusão: a fisiopatologia das reações, as condições de vida e as políticas de saúde são capazesde influenciar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, refletindo-se sobre a necessidade de fomento àspolíticas públicas para essa população.
Cyclic voltammetry: a simple method for determining contents of total and free iron ions in sodium ferric gluconate complex
Authors: Liu Hong , Yu Qiao , Ma Yixuan , Liu Baoyu , Pan Hongchun
Published: April 2020

Sodium ferric gluconate complex (SFGC) is the third generation of iron supplement of polysaccharide iron (III) complex (PIC). For evaluation of technological level and application value of the prepared SFGC, it would be of great significance to determine the iron content in SFGC in a simple but effective way. This paper introduces the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method for determination of iron content in SFGC. Under established optimal experimental conditions, the content of free iron ions can be directly scanned and calculated, while the total iron content can also be determined by completely acidifying SFGC into Fe3+ ions. After optimizing and screening, the optimal scanning conditions are determined as pH 3 and 0.05 V/s of the scanning rate. Prior CV measurements, 0.4 V of the enrichment potential, and 3 min of the enrichment time are found optimal. It has also been verified that CO32- ions present in the solution show little interference in the system within the experimental range of investigation. The contents of free Fe3+, Fe2+ ions and the total iron determined after acid-hydrolysis of SFGC can be accurately calculated according to the corresponding linear relationships between peak currents and iron concentrations. In this paper, the repeatability and accuracy of the method are verified, and its feasibility as a convenient and effective method to determine the iron supplements is confirmed.
Minocycline Combined with Vancomycin for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Prosthetic Joint Infection Managed with Exchange Arthroplasty
Authors: Bart Géraldine , Zeller Valérie , Kerroumi Younes , Heym Beate , Meyssonnier Vanina , Desplaces Nicole , Kitzis Marie Dominique , Ziza Jean Marc , Marmor Simon
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Introduction: Treatment of methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococcal prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) remains a matter of discussion, with vancomycin-rifampin combination therapy being the preferred treatment for DAIR and one-stage exchange arthroplasty strategies. This study analyzes the outcomes of patients with chronic methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcal PJIs treated with vancomycin-minocycline combination therapy.Methods: This prospective, single center cohort study included all chronic MR coagulase-negative staphylococcal PJIs (01/2004-12/2014) treated with exchange arthroplasty and at least 4 weeks of minocycline-vancomycin. The following endpoints were considered: reinfection including relapse (same microorganism) and a new infection (different microorganism) and PJI-related deaths. Their outcomes were compared with PJIs treated with rifampin-vancomycin during the same period.Results: Thirty-four patients (median age, 69 years) with 22 hip and 12 knee arthroplasty infections were included. Sixteen (47%) had previously been managed in another center. Median vancomycin MIC of strains was 3 mg/L. Nineteen underwent one-stage, 15 two-stage exchange arthroplasty. After a median [IQR] follow-up of 43 [26-68] months, 2 patients relapsed and 6 developed a new PJI. Compared to 36 rifampin-vancomycin treated PJIs, relapse- or reinfection-free survival rates didn't differ, but more new infections developed in the minocycline group (6 vs 3; P 0.3).Conclusions: Minocycline-vancomycin combination therapy for chronic MR coagulase-negative staphylococcal PJIs seems to be an interesting therapeutic alternative.
Rapid response
Authors: Hughes Jon
Published: April 2020

Extremely short X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser are helping to clarify how phytochromes respond to light, but puzzles remain.
Reproductive behavior drives female space use in a sedentary Neotropical frog
Authors: Fischer Marie-Therese , Ringler Max , Ringler Eva , Pašukonis Andrius
Published: April 2020

Longer-range movements of anuran amphibians such as mass migrations and habitat invasion have received a lot of attention, but fine-scale spatial behavior remains largely understudied. This gap is especially striking for species that show long-term site fidelity and display their whole behavioral repertoire in a small area. Studying fine-scale movement with conventional capture-mark-recapture techniques is difficult in inconspicuous amphibians: individuals are hard to find, repeated captures might affect their behavior and the number of data points is too low to allow a detailed interpretation of individual space use and time budgeting. In this study, we overcame these limitations by equipping females of the Brilliant-Thighed Poison Frog (Allobates femoralis) with a tag allowing frequent monitoring of their location and behavior. Neotropical poison frogs are well known for their complex behavior and diverse reproductive and parental care strategies. Although the ecology and behavior of the polygamous leaf-litter frog Allobates femoralis is well studied, little is known about the fine-scale space use of the non-territorial females who do not engage in acoustic and visual displays. We tracked 17 females for 6 to 17 days using a harmonic direction finder to provide the first precise analysis of female space use in this species. Females moved on average 1 m per hour and the fastest movement, over 20 m per hour, was related to a subsequent mating event. Traveled distances and activity patterns on days of courtship and mating differed considerably from days without reproduction. Frogs moved more on days with lower temperature and more precipitation, but mating seemed to be the main trigger for female movement. We observed 21 courtships of 12 tagged females. For seven females, we observed two consecutive mating events. Estimated home ranges after 14 days varied considerably between individuals and courtship and mating associated space use made up for ∼30% of the home range. Allobates femoralis females spent large parts of their time in one to three small centers of use. Females did not adjust their time or space use to the density of males in their surroundings and did not show wide-ranging exploratory behavior. Our study demonstrates how tracking combined with detailed behavioral observations can reveal the patterns and drivers of fine-scale spatial behavior in sedentary species.
Changes in Proximate and Antinutrient Contents of Irish Potato Peels Fermented with Penicillium chrysogenum and Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Okhonlaye Ojokoh Anthony , A Kassim , Helen Ayeni Oluwanifemi
Published: April 2020

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of fermentation on Irish potato peels using pure strains of Penicillium chrysogenum and Bacillus subtilis. This was done at Department of Microbiology and Chemistry Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State between March 2019 and October 2019. The temperature, pH, and total titratable acidity (TTA) of the fermenting substrates were determined at 24hours interval during fermentation. The proximate composition, anti-nutrient composition, and amylase activity were determined after fermentation using standard methods. There was a decrease in pH with an increase in total titratable acidity in all the samples. The result of the proximate analysis revealed that there was an increase in protein content in the fermented sample of Irish potato peels with P. chrysogenum having the highest protein content (20.96±0.14%) followed by the sample fermented with B. subtilis (18.23±0.17%) compared to the unfermented samples (14.11±0.11%) respectively. There was an increase in crude fibre and ash contents and a decrease in carbohydrate, fat and energy contents of the fermented samples. The effect of fermentation on the anti-nutritional content showed that there was decrease in the content of phytates, phytic acid, oxalate, tannin, phenols, and glycosides. Generally, maximum amylase activity was achieved at 48 hours for sample fermented with B. subtilis (132.86 mg/ml) and at 72 hours for sample fermented with P. chrysogenum (148.57 mg/ml). The fermented peels could therefore be of use in the production of amylase which has a wide range of applications in industry.
Levenson, former rehab CEO, on his conversion to harm reduction
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2020

Many people familiar with the addiction treatment field over the past few decades might be surprised to hear that Ben Levenson, the founder of 12‐Step‐based Origins Behavioral Healthcare in 2009, is no longer a believer in abstinence‐based treatment for everyone.
Effect of Preannealing on Microstructural Evolution and Tensile Properties of a Novel Nickel‐Based Superalloy
Authors: Lv Shaomin , Jia Chonglin , He Xinbo , Wan Zhipeng , Chen Zheng , Qu Xuanhui
Published: April 2020

The effect of preannealing (PA) on microstructural evolution and tensile properties of a novel nickel‐based alloy GH4065 is investigated. Particularly, the study of PA in disc superalloys is reported herein for the first time. The detailed strengthening mechanisms of specimens under different heat treatment cycles are identified by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations. The results reveal that the PA treatment after deformation improves the homogeneity of the microstructure due to static recrystallization (SRX). Multimodal size distributions and the morphology of γ′ precipitates are found after the PA + solution + aging (PASA). Also, the distributions of secondary and tertiary γ′ precipitates are optimized due to the PA. The tensile strength of GH4065 alloy after PASA is higher than that of as‐forged (AF) alloy and solution + aging (SA) alloy attributed to the improved microstructure during PA treatment. Compared with the SA specimens, the specimens of GH4065 alloy after PASA treatment lead to significant strengthening as the yield strength increased to more than 150 MPa, which is mainly due to the contribution from annealing twins and microtwins strengthening, as well as the grain refinement and γ′ precipitation strengthening.
A Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery with High Energy Efficiency and Long Life Enabled by a Highly Water‐Retentive Gel Electrolyte with Reaction Modifier
Authors: Song Zhishuang , Ding Jia , Liu Bin , Liu Xiaorui , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin , Zhong Cheng
Published: April 2020

Tremendous effort have recently been made in optimizing the air catalysts of flexible zinc–air batteries (ZABs). Unfortunately, the bottleneck factors in electrolytes that largely limit the working life and energy efficiency of ZABs have long been relatively neglected. Herein, an alkaline gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is fabricated through multiple crosslinking reactions among poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(acrylic acid), and graphene oxide followed by intense uptake of an alkali and the KI reaction modifier. The prepared GPE exhibits essentially improved properties compared to traditional PVA gel electrolyte in terms of mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, and water retention capability. In addition, the introduced reaction modifier I− in the GPE changes the path of the conventional oxygen evolution reaction, leading to a more thermodynamically favorable path. The optimized GPE enables flexible ZABs exhibiting an exceptionally low charge potential of 1.69 V, a long cycling time of 200 h, a high energy efficiency of 73%, and rugged reliability under different extreme working conditions. Moreover, the successful integration of ZABs in a variety of real wearable electronic devices demonstrates their excellent practicability as flexible power sources.
Gomez–López–Hernández syndrome: A case report with clinical and molecular evaluation and literature review
Authors: Perrone Eduardo , D'Almeida Vânia , de Macena Sobreira Nara Lygia , de Mello Claudia Berlim , de Oliveira Allan Chiaratti , Burlin Stênio , Soares Maria de Fátima de Faria , Cernach Mirlene Cecília Soares Pinho , Alvarez Perez Ana Beatriz
Published: April 2020

Gomez–López–Hernández syndrome (GLHS) is characterized by rhombencephalosynapsis (RES), alopecia, trigeminal anesthesia and a distinctive phenotype, including brachyturricephaly. It has been suggested that GLHS should be considered as part of the spectrum of RES‐associated conditions that include alopecia, trigeminal anesthesia, and craniofacial anomalies, rather than a distinct entity. To the best of our knowledge, 57 patients with GLHS have been described. Despite its first description in 1979, the etiology of this syndrome remains unknown. Here, we describe, to our knowledge, the first case of a patient with GLHS who was molecularly evaluated and had been prenatally exposed to misoprostol. We also reviewed the clinical and morphological features of the patients described to date to better delineate the phenotype and focus on any evidence for adverse pregnancy outcomes or exposure, including teratogens.
CDH1‐related blepharocheilodontic syndrome is associated with diffuse gastric cancer risk
Authors: LeBlanc Shannon , Naveen Dildeepa , Haan Eric , Barnett Christopher , Rawlings Lesley , Roscioli Tony , Poplawski Nicola
Published: April 2020

We report the first case of diffuse gastric cancer in an individual with familial blepharocheilodontic syndrome (BCD) due to a germline CDH1 likely pathogenic variant. To date, other BCD affected relatives are nonpenetrant for diffuse gastric cancer posing challenges to counseling regarding gastric and breast cancer surveillance, and preventative total gastrectomy.
Proteomic and biological profiling of extracellular vesicles from Alzheimer's disease human brain tissues
Authors: Muraoka Satoshi , DeLeo Annina M. , Sethi Manveen K. , Yukawa‐Takamatsu Kayo , Yang Zijian , Ko Jina , Hogan John D. , Ruan Zhi , You Yang , Wang Yuzhi , Medalla Maria , Ikezu Seiko , Chen Mei , Xia Weiming , Gorantla Santhi , Gendelman Howard E. , Issadore David , Zaia Joseph , Ikezu Tsuneya
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human Alzheimer's disease (AD) biospecimens contain amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and tau. While AD EVs are known to affect brain disease pathobiology, their biochemical and molecular characterizations remain ill defined.

Methods

EVs were isolated from the cortical gray matter of 20 AD and 18 control brains. Tau and Aβ levels were measured by immunoassay. Differentially expressed EV proteins were assessed by quantitative proteomics and machine learning.

Results

Levels of pS396 tau and Aβ1–42 were significantly elevated in AD EVs. High levels of neuron‐ and glia‐specific factors are detected in control and AD EVs, respectively. Machine learning identified ANXA5, VGF, GPM6A, and ACTZ in AD EV compared to controls. They distinguished AD EVs from controls in the test sets with 88% accuracy.

Discussion

In addition to Aβ and tau, ANXA5, VGF, GPM6A, and ACTZ are new signature proteins in AD EVs.
Die Länge einer Ubiquitinkette: ein genereller Faktor für die selektive Erkennung durch Ubiquitin‐bindende Proteine
Authors: Lutz Joachim , Höllmüller Eva , Scheffner Martin , Marx Andreas , Stengel Florian
Published: April 2020

Die Anheftung von Ubiquitin (Ub)‐Ketten variierender Länge an Substratproteine ist eine häufige posttranslationale Modifikation. Das Schicksal eines modifizierten Proteins ist abhängig von Ubiquitin‐bindenden Proteinen (UBPs), die mit Ub‐Ketten in Abhängigkeit vom Verknüpfungstyp interagieren. Der Einfluss der Kettenlänge auf die Selektivität von UBPs und die entsprechenden funktionellen Konsequenzen sind weitgehend unbekannt. Wir haben Ketten mit definierter Länge und Verknüpfungsart hergestellt, indem wir Klick‐Chemie mit GELFrEE‐Fraktionierung kombiniert haben. Diese definierten Ketten nutzten wir in affinitätsbasierten Anreicherungsassays, um längen‐ und verknüpfungsspezifische Interaktoren auf Proteomebene zu identifizieren. Erstmals konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Länge einer Ub‐Kette einen erheblichen Einfluss auf ihre Fähigkeit hat, von UBPs selektiv erkannt zu werden.
Diversity Oriented Clicking (DOC): Divergent Synthesis of SuFExable Pharmacophores from 2‐Substituted‐Alkynyl‐1‐Sulfonyl Fluoride (SASF) Hubs
Authors: Smedley Christopher J. , Li Gencheng , Barrow Andrew S. , Gialelis Timothy L. , Giel Marie‐Claire , Ottonello Alessandra , Cheng Yunfei , Kitamura Seiya , Wolan Dennis W. , Sharpless K. Barry , Moses John E.
Published: April 2020

Diversity Oriented Clicking (DOC) is a unified click‐approach for the modular synthesis of lead‐like structures through application of the wide family of click transformations. DOC evolved from the concept of achieving“diversity with ease”, by combining classic C−C π‐bond click chemistry with recent developments in connective SuFEx‐technologies. We showcase 2‐Substituted‐Alkynyl‐1‐SulfonylFluorides (SASFs) as a new class of connective hub in concert with a diverse selection of click‐cycloaddition processes. Through the selective DOC of SASFs with a range of dipoles and cyclic dienes, we report a diverse click‐library of 173 unique functional molecules in minimal synthetic steps. The SuFExable library comprises 10 discrete heterocyclic core structures derived from 1,3‐ and 1,5‐dipoles; while reaction with cyclic dienes yields several three‐dimensional bicyclic Diels–Alder adducts. Growing the library to 278 discrete compounds through late‐stage modification was made possible through SuFEx click derivatization of the pendant sulfonyl fluoride group in 96 well‐plates—demonstrating the versatility of the DOC approach for the rapid synthesis of diverse functional structures. Screening for function against MRSA (USA300) revealed several lead hits with improved activity over methicillin.
DNA–Polymer Nanostructures by RAFT Polymerization and Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Lückerath Thorsten , Koynov Kaloian , Loescher Sebastian , Whitfield Colette J. , Nuhn Lutz , Walther Andreas , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Ng David Y. W. , Weil Tanja
Published: April 2020

Nanostructures derived from amphiphilic DNA–polymer conjugates have emerged prominently due to their rich self‐assembly behavior; however, their synthesis is traditionally challenging. Here, we report a novel platform technology towards DNA–polymer nanostructures of various shapes by leveraging polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) for polymerization from single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA). A “grafting from” protocol for thermal RAFT polymerization from ssDNA under ambient conditions was developed and utilized for the synthesis of functional DNA–polymer conjugates and DNA–diblock conjugates derived from acrylates and acrylamides. Using this method, PISA was applied to manufacture isotropic and anisotropic DNA–polymer nanostructures by varying the chain length of the polymer block. The resulting nanostructures were further functionalized by hybridization with a dye‐labelled complementary ssDNA, thus establishing PISA as a powerful route towards intrinsically functional DNA–polymer nanostructures.
The Length of a Ubiquitin Chain: A General Factor for Selective Recognition by Ubiquitin‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Lutz Joachim , Höllmüller Eva , Scheffner Martin , Marx Andreas , Stengel Florian
Published: April 2020

The attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) chains of various length to proteins is a prevalent posttranslational modification in eukaryotes. The fate of a modified protein is determined by Ub‐binding proteins (UBPs), which interact with Ub chains in a linkage‐selective manner. However, the impact and functional consequences of chain length on the binding selectivity of UBPs remain mostly elusive. We have generated Ub chains of defined length and linkage by using click chemistry and GELFrEE fractionation. These defined polymers were used in affinity‐based enrichment assays to identify length‐ and linkage‐selective interaction partners on a proteome‐wide scale. For the first time, it is revealed that the length of a Ub chain generally has a major impact on its ability to be selectively recognized by UBPs.
Catechol‐bearing imidazolium and benzimidazolium chlorides as promising antimicrobial agents
Authors: Karataş Mert O. , Günal Selami , Mansur Ahmet , Alıcı Bülent , Özdemir İsmail
Published: April 2020

Catechol‐containing imidazolium (four) and benzimidazolium chlorides (eight) were synthesized to evaluate their antimicrobial properties. All the compounds were fully characterized using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopic methods, and elemental analyses. Antimicrobial activities of the compounds were tested against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, and the fungal strains Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, and promising results were achieved. The two most important benzyl‐substituted benzimidazolium chlorides, 3l and 3k, showed comparable activity to vancomycin against MRSA.
Eustress and Distress: Neither Good Nor Bad, but Rather the Same?
Authors: Bienertova‐Vasku Julie , Lenart Peter , Scheringer Martin
Published: April 2020

The terms “eustress” and “distress” are widely used throughout the scientific literature. As of February 2020, 203 items in the Web of Science show up in a search for “eustress,” however, there are almost 16 400 items found in a search for the term “distress.” Based on the reasoning in this article, however, it is believed there is no such thing as eustress or distress. The adaptation reaction of an organism under stress is not intrinsically good or bad, and its effect on health or performance depends on a plethora of other interactions of the body with the environment as well as on the history of such interactions. The vagueness of the terms “eustress/distress” has historically led to vast differences in the perception and application of the terms across disciplines. While psychology or sociology perceive eustress as something inextricably linked to positive perception and enhanced cognition, biomedicine perceives eustress as generally associated with better survival, health, or increased longevity, no matter how the event is perceived. In this paper, the authors review the current understanding of the term “eustress” in different fields, discuss possible implications of its misleading use, and suggest that the term may be replaced by “stress” only.
Validation of a simplified procedure for convenient and rapid quantification of reduced and oxidized glutathione in human plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Enomoto Addison C. , Schneider Erik , McKinnon Toni , Goldfine Howard , Levy Mark A.
Published: April 2020

Endogenous glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) status is highly sensitive to oxidative conditions and have broad application as a surrogate indicator of redox status in vivo. Established methods for GSH and GSSG quantification in whole blood display limited utility in human plasma, where GSH and GSSG levels are ~3–4 orders of magnitude below those observed in whole blood. This study presents simplified sample processing and analytical LC–MS/MS approaches exhibiting the sensitivity and accuracy required to measure GSH and GSSG concentrations in human plasma samples, which after 5‐fold dilution to suppress matrix interferences range from 200 to 500 nm (GSH) and 5–30 nm (GSSG). The utility of the methods reported herein is demonstrated by assay performance and validation parameters which indicate good sensitivity [lower limits of quantitation of 4.99 nm (GSH) and 3.65 nm (GSSG), and high assay precision (intra‐assay CVs 3.6 and 1.9%, and inter‐assay CVs of 7.0 and 2.8% for GSH and GSSG, respectively). These methods also exhibited exceptional recovery of analyte‐spiked plasma samples (98.0 ± 7.64% for GSH and 98.5 ± 12.7% for GSSG). Good sample stability at −80°C was evident for GSH for up to 55 weeks and GSSG for up to 46 weeks, with average CVs <15 and <10%, respectively.
Overview of multiplex immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence techniques in the era of cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Tan Wei Chang Colin , Nerurkar Sanjna Nilesh , Cai Hai Yun , Ng Harry Ho Man , Wu Duoduo , Wee Yu Ting Felicia , Lim Jeffrey Chun Tatt , Yeong Joe , Lim Tony Kiat Hon
Published: April 2020

Conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used diagnostic technique in tissue pathology. However, this technique is associated with a number of limitations, including high inter‐observer variability and the capacity to label only one marker per tissue section. This review details various highly multiplexed techniques that have emerged to circumvent these constraints, allowing simultaneous detection of multiple markers on a single tissue section and the comprehensive study of cell composition, cellular functional and cell‐cell interactions. Among these techniques, multiplex Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) has emerged to be particularly promising. mIHC/IF provides high‐throughput multiplex staining and standardized quantitative analysis for highly reproducible, efficient and cost‐effective tissue studies. This technique has immediate potential for translational research and clinical practice, particularly in the era of cancer immunotherapy.
A computer‐aided educational tool for vector control of AC motors in graduate courses
Authors: Aktaş Mustafa , Çavuş Barış
Published: April 2020

Analysis of dynamic behavior of alternating current (AC) motors and their vector control has an important place in the education of electrical and electronics engineering at the graduate level. Generally, only theoretical education in engineering affects motivation of both educators and students negatively. Particularly, in graduate education, realization of subjects of AC motors in laboratory facility enables students to learn effectively. However, it may not be easy to implement because of establishing cost of a physical laboratory environment in universities. Therefore, by using visual software technology, engineering applications such as vector control of AC motors can be prepared in a simulation tool and students' active learning skills can be developed without any cost by means of visual simulation studies. Hence, in this study, an educational interface was prepared as a simulation for vector control of AC motors by using MATLAB GUI. In this application, two types of AC motors (induction motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor) and two types of vector control (direct torque control and field‐oriented control) can be realized. In the simulation, after selecting motor and vector control type, determination of speed acquisition method and speed control method can be selected, and simulation study can be performed easily. Performance of selected motor type and control methods can be evaluated by using current, speed, torque, and energy consumed. In addition, to see success of the developed tool, it was used by the students at Ondokuz Mayis University, and at the end of lesson, a questionnaire was made and students' ideas were taken.
Predictive role of Selvester QRS score in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Bignoto Tiago Costa , Le Bihan David , de Mattos Barretto Rodrigo Bellio , de Oliveira Ramos Auristela Isabel , Moreira Dalmo Antônio Ribeiro , Simonato Matheus , de Alvim Siqueira Dimytri Alexandre , Pinto Ibraim Masciarelli Francisco , dos Santos Tiago Senra Garcia , de Moraes Rego Sousa Amanda Guerra , Abizaid Alexandre
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Few data exist regarding the late clinical impact of the Selvester score prediction of myocardial fibrosis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). This study evaluated the predictive power of the Selvester score on survival in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing TAVR.

methods and results

Patients with severe AS who had preoperative electrocardiograms were included. Clinical follow‐up was obtained retrospectively. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were cardiovascular death and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Two‐hundred twenty‐eight patients were included (mean age, 81.5 ± 7.4 years; women, 58.3%). Deceased patients had a higher mean score (4.6 ± 3.2 vs. 1.4 ± 1.3; p < .001). At a mean follow‐up of 36.2 ± 21.2 months, the Selvester score was independently associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48–1.84; p < .001), cardiovascular death (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.38–1.74; p < .001), and MACE (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.30–1.68; p < .001). After 5 years, the mortality risk was incrementally related to the Selvester score. The involvement of the inferior wall of the left ventricle was a lower mortality risk factor (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18–0.98; p = .046). For a Selvester score of 3, the area under the curve showed 0.92, 0.94, and 0.86 (p < .001), respectively, for 1, 2, and 3 years.

conclusions

Elevated Selvester scores increase the risk of poor outcomes in patients with AS undergoing TAVR. The involvement of the anterior or lateral wall presents worse prognosis.
High‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit compositions in current Chinese commercial wheat cultivars and the implication on Chinese wheat breeding for quality
Authors: Gao Song , Sun Genlou , Liu Weihua , Sun Daokun , Peng Yanchun , Ren Xifeng
Published: April 2020

Background and objectives

Genetic diversity of high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) glutenin subunits is often used for wheat improvement because of its correlation with end‐use quality of wheat. The objectives were (a) to characterize and analyze the HMW‐GS composition of common wheat, (b) determine the diversity of high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits, and (c) elucidate the distribution characteristics of wheat good‐quality subunit and quality classification.

Findings

The results revealed a total of 15 different alleles (3 at Glu‐A1, 8 at Glu‐B1, and 4 at Glu‐D1) and 35 allele combinations. Glu‐A1c (57.92%), Glu‐A1a (62.94%), Glu‐A1c (55.86%) appeared to be the most frequent alleles at Glu‐A1 in Hebei, Henan, and Sichuan provinces, respectively. The Glu‐B1c was the most common allele at the Glu‐B1 locus in all three provinces, with frequencies of 48.75%, 55.24%, and 29.66%, respectively. Glu‐D1a (66.25%), Glu‐D1d (53.85%), Glu‐D1a (55.17%) at the Glu‐D1 locus appeared to be the common alleles in Hebei, Henan, and Sichuan provinces, respectively. Cluster analysis based on allelic similarity of Glu‐1 loci classified the 528 wheat cultivars into two major categories.

Conclusions

These results indicated that the HMW glutenin allele compositions are not optimal for the current varieties in these provinces. A high level of quality improvement may be implemented by increasing the frequencies of Glu‐A1a (1) or Glu‐A1b (2*), Glu‐B1i (17 + 18), Glu‐D1d (5 + 10).

Significance and novelty

Our results revealed clear directions for wheat quality improvement in these provinces.
Hyperacute brain magnetic resonance imaging of decompression illness in a commercial breath‐hold diver
Authors: Kohshi Kiyotaka , Morimatsu Yoshitaka , Tamaki Hideki , Ishitake Tatsuya , Denoble Petar J.
Published: April 2020

Decompression illness in breath‐hold diving is a rare dysbaric disease mainly characterized by stroke‐like neurological disorders. The early use of DWI‐MRI combined with ADC map in suspected cases can help in the early diagnosis and treatment.
Non‐emissive RuII Polypyridyl Complexes as Efficient and Selective Photosensitizers for the Photooxidation of Benzylamines
Authors: Yagüe Cristina , Echevarría Igor , Vaquero Mónica , Fidalgo Jairo , Carbayo Arancha , Jalón Félix A. , Lima João C. , Moro Artur J. , Manzano Blanca R. , Espino Gustavo
Published: April 2020

Five new RuII polypyridyl complexes bearing N‐(arylsulfonyl)‐8‐amidoquinolate ligands and three of their biscyclometalated IrIII congeners have been prepared and employed as photocatalysts (PCs) in the photooxidation of benzylamines with O2. In particular, the new RuII complexes do not exhibit photoluminescence, rather they harvest visible light efficiently and are very stable in solution under irradiation with blue light. Their non‐emissive behavior has been related to the low electrochemical energy gaps and rationalized on the basis of theoretical calculations (DFT analysis) that predict low S0←T1 energy values. Moreover, the RuII complexes, despite being non‐emissive, display excellent activities in the selective photocatalytic transformation of benzylamines into the corresponding imines. The presence of an electron‐withdrawing group (‐CF3) on the arene ring of the N‐(arylsulfonyl)‐8‐amidoquinolate ligand improves the photocatalytic activity of the corresponding photocatalyst. Furthermore, all the experimental evidence, including transient absorption spectroscopy measurements suggest that singlet oxygen is the actual oxidant. The IrIII analogues are considerably more photosensitive and consequently less efficient photosensitizers (PSs).
Solubility‐Driven Isolation of a Metastable Nonagold Cluster with Body‐Centered Cubic Structure
Authors: Shen Hui , Selenius Elli , Ruan Pengpeng , Li Xihua , Yuan Peng , Lopez‐Estrada Omar , Malola Sami , Lin Shuichao , Teo Boon K. , Häkkinen Hannu , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: April 2020

The conventional synthetic methodology for atomically precise gold nanoclusters by using reduction in solution offers only the thermodynamically most stable nanoclusters. Herein, a solubility‐driven isolation strategy is reported to access a metastable gold cluster. The cluster, with the composition of [Au9(PPh3)8]+ (1), displays an unusual, nearly perfect body‐centered cubic (bcc) structure. As revealed by ESI‐MS and UV/Vis measurements, the cluster is metastable in solution and converts to the well‐known [Au11(PPh3)8Cl2]+ (2) within just 90 min. DFT calculations revealed that although both 1 and 2 are eight‐electron superatoms, there is a driving force to convert 1 to 2 as shown by the increased cohesion and larger HOMO–LUMO energy gap of 2. The isolation and crystallization of the metastable gold cluster were achieved in a biphasic reaction system in which reduction of gold precursors and crystallization of 1 took place concurrently. This synthetic protocol represents a successful strategy for investigations of other metastable species in metal nanocluster chemistry.
Region‐ and neuronal‐subtype‐specific expression of Na,K‐ATPase alpha and beta subunit isoforms in the mouse brain
Authors: Murata Koshi , Kinoshita Tomoki , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Kuroda Kazuki , Hoshi Minako , Fukazawa Yugo
Published: April 2020

Na,K‐ATPase is a ubiquitous molecule contributing to the asymmetrical distribution of Na+ and K+ ions across the plasma membrane and maintenance of the membrane potential, a prerequisite of neuronal activity. Na,K‐ATPase comprises three subunits (α, β, and FXYD). The α subunit has four isoforms in mice, with three of them (α1, α2, and α3) expressed in the brain. However, the functional and biological significances of the different brain isoforms remain to be fully elucidated. Recent studies have revealed the association of Atp1a3, a gene encoding α3 subunit, with neurological disorders. To map the cellular distributions of the α subunit isoforms and their coexpression patterns, we evaluated the mRNA expression of Atp1a1, Atp1a2, and Atp1a3 by in situ hybridization in the mouse brain. Atp1a1 and Atp1a3 were expressed in neurons, whereas Atp1a2 was almost exclusively expressed in glial cells. Most neurons coexpressed Atp1a1 and Atp1a3, with highly heterogeneous expression levels across the brain regions and neuronal subtypes. We identified parvalbumin (PV)‐expressing GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus, somatosensory cortex, and retrosplenial cortex as an example of a neuronal subtype expressing low Atp1a1 and high Atp1a3. The expression of Atp1b isoforms was also heterogeneous across brain regions and cellular subtypes. The PV‐expressing neurons expressed a high level of Atp1b1 and a low level of Atp1b2 and Atp1b3. These findings provide basic information on the region‐ and neuronal‐subtype‐dependent expression of Na,K‐ATPase α and β subunit isoforms, as well as a rationale for the selective involvement of neurons expressing high levels of Atp1a3 in neurological disorders.
Effect of area on color harmony in simulated interiors
Authors: Odabaşıoğlu Seden , Olguntürk Nilgün
Published: April 2020

The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of area on color harmony in simulated interior spaces. The secondary aim of the study is to investigate how the term color harmony is defined and the link between color harmony and related terms used to define it. These terms can explain why a color scheme is evaluated as harmonious. Four sets of three‐color combinations created by using the hues red, blue, yellow, green, purple, and orange were studied in a simulated office interior emphasizing different proportional use of each color. Firstly, participants evaluated harmony content of the images. Secondly, they evaluated each image regarding the terms related to color harmony. Findings indicated that area had an effect on color harmony for two of the color combinations (warm & cool). However, there were no strong but rather moderate and weak correlations between color harmony and the terms.
Cyclic Aliphatic Hydrocarbons as Linkers in Metal‐Organic Frameworks: New Frontiers for Ligand Design
Authors: Slyusarchuk Valentyna D. , Kruger Paul E. , Hawes Chris S.
Published: April 2020

In this Minireview we outline the development of cyclic aliphatic moieties as ligands in metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), with a focus on the relationship between ligand design and synthesis and the properties of the subsequent materials. Aliphatic ligands have received considerably less attention than aromatic analogues in MOF chemistry but offer advantages in their unique combinations of geometric and electronic properties which are unattainable from conventional ligands. Here, we focus on rigid and semi‐rigid backbone moieties derived from monocyclic and fused polycyclic aliphatic backbones, including cyclohexane and adamantane, cubane and bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and discuss the synthetic chemistry of these species along with their potential importance as the next generation of building blocks for microporous materials.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Seroconversion in Humans: A Detailed Protocol for a Serological Assay, Antigen Production, and Test Setup
Authors: Stadlbauer Daniel , Amanat Fatima , Chromikova Veronika , Jiang Kaijun , Strohmeier Shirin , Arunkumar Guha Asthagiri , Tan Jessica , Bhavsar Disha , Capuano Christina , Kirkpatrick Ericka , Meade Philip , Brito Ruhi Nichalle , Teo Catherine , McMahon Meagan , Simon Viviana , Krammer Florian
Published: April 2020

In late 2019, cases of atypical pneumonia were detected in China. The etiological agent was quickly identified as a betacoronavirus (named SARS‐CoV‐2), which has since caused a pandemic. Several methods allowing for the specific detection of viral nucleic acids have been established, but these only allow detection of the virus during a short period of time, generally during acute infection. Serological assays are urgently needed to conduct serosurveys, to understand the antibody responses mounted in response to the virus, and to identify individuals who are potentially immune to re‐infection. Here we describe a detailed protocol for expression of antigens derived from the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 that can serve as a substrate for immunological assays, as well as a two‐stage serological enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These assays can be used for research studies and for testing in clinical laboratories. © 2020 The Authors. Current Protocols in Microbiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Mammalian cell transfection and protein purification

Basic Protocol 2: A two‐stage ELISA for high‐throughput screening of human serum samples for antibodies binding to the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2
Reweighting Randomized Controlled Trial Evidence to Better Reflect Real Life – A Case Study of the Innovative Medicines Initiative
Authors: Happich Michael , Brnabic Alan , Faries Douglas , Abrams Keith , Winfree Katherine B. , Girvan Allicia , Jonsson Pall , Johnston Joseph , Belger Mark ,   IMI GetReal Work Package 1
Published: April 2020

Evidence from randomized controlled trials available for timely health technology assessments of new pharmacological treatments and regulatory decision making may not be generalizable to local patient populations, often resulting in decisions being made under uncertainty. In recent years, several reweighting approaches have been explored to address this important question of generalizability to a target population. We present a case study of the Innovative Medicines Initiative to illustrate the inverse propensity score reweighting methodology, which may allow us to estimate the expected treatment benefit if a clinical trial had been run in a broader real‐world target population. We learned that identifying treatment effect modifiers, understanding and managing differences between patient characteristic data sets, and balancing the closeness of trial and target patient populations with effective sample size are key to successfully using this methodology and potentially mitigating some of this uncertainty around local decision making.
Living wage in the framework of corporate social responsibility: Analyzing its impact on consumer response
Authors: Guerrero Medina Carlos , Martínez‐Fiestas Myriam , Viedma‐del‐Jesus Maria I. , Alzamora Ruiz Jessica
Published: April 2020

Several studies indicate that corporate social responsibility (CSR) has a positive impact on consumer response. However, in spite of its effect can greatly vary, not all types of CSR have been equally examined. The current study evaluates, for the first time, the impact of living wage (LW) on consumer response through a comparative analysis with another CSR initiative, fair trade (FT), whose impact has been the subject of wide research. The findings suggest that LW has a greater effect on the perceived value of commercial proposals than FT within the segment of consumers that values CSR (prosocial). Moreover, each initiative generates a high level of processing fluency among this group. However, the main difference with LW is that it also exerts a positive impact on consumers that are averse to CSR (non‐prosocials). The findings are examined taking into consideration the beneficiary proximity. Academic, methodological, business, and social implications are identified.