bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entwurf der Elbebrücke Wittenberge im Zuge der BAB A14
Authors: Mansperger Tobias , Theis Manuela , Jung Rolf
Published: January 2025

Im Zuge des Neubaus der Autobahn A14 von Magdeburg nach Schwerin entsteht gegenwärtig der insgesamt 1110,50 m lange Brückenzug der Elbebrücke bei Wittenberge. Im Jahr 2007 wurde ein Realisierungswettbewerb ausgelobt, aus dem das Ingenieurbüro Leonhardt Andrä und Partner zusammen mit dem Architekten Jean‐Jacques Zimmermann als Gewinner hervorging. Die Brücke besteht aus der 14‐feldrigen, 695,15 m langen Vorlandbrücke in Spannbetonbauweise mit Regelstützweiten von 50 m sowie der dreifeldrigen, 412 m langen Strombrücke über die Elbe. Die Strombrücke wurde als einteiliger Querschnitt für beide Fahrtrichtungen der BAB konzipiert, die durch den wellenförmig gevouteten, obenliegenden Mittelträger voneinander getrennt werden. Die Trasse im Bereich der Strombrücke verläuft parallel zur bestehenden Brücke der Bundesstraße B189 und greift deren Stützweiten auf. Diese betragen für die Strombrücke 126 m – 160 m – 126 m. Die Fahrbahnplatte wird mit einer neuartigen Orthoverbundplatte ausgeführt. Dafür wurden im Zuge der Zustimmung im Einzelfall Bauteilversuche an der Universität Stuttgart durchgeführt, die das Potenzial dieser Bauweise eindrucksvoll unter Beweis stellten. Parallel zur Ausschreibung wurde die Ausführungsplanung des Überbaus der Strombrücke erstellt, die neben dem Endzustand auch die Herstellung im Taktschiebeverfahren einschließlich der Pontonunterstützung beim Überschieben des Stromfelds umfasst. Der Brückenzug befindet sich seit Mai 2022 im Bau.
Ratio Bias Across Cultures and Disciplines: How Academic Background Shapes Statistical Decision‐Making
Authors: Baumeister Jochen , Streicher Bernhard , Lermer Eva
Published: January 2025

Ratios are an instrumental component of the communication of probabilities such as COVID incidence rates, side effects of medical drugs, or political decision‐making; hence, they are a critical component of an individual's statistical decision‐making. Research on the ratio bias has shown inconsistent results based on six major shortcomings which we surmount by replicating an identical experiment with students in Germany, Turkey, and Italy, with a physical, textual, and graphical depiction, and accounting for different levels of exposure to probabilities. In six studies (N = 1338), we show that lower exposure to probabilities leads to significantly more ratio bias–conform choices. The results also suggest that higher levels of statistical numeracy and risk literacy reduce ratio bias–conform choices. Our contribution helps to better understand the ratio bias concerning different populations and highlights different baselines for ratio bias–conform choices among subgroups in the population.
Reversible Redox Controlled DNA Condensation by a Simple Noncanonical Dicationic Diphenylalanine Derivative
Authors: Bernal‐Martínez Ana M. , Angulo‐Pachón César A. , Galindo Francisco , Miravet Juan F.
Published: January 2025

We report the reversible redox‐controlled DNA condensation using a simple dicationic diphenylalanine derivative which contains a disulfide unit as linker. Despite the conventional belief that DNA condensing agents require a charge of +3 or higher, this dicationic molecule functions below its critical aggregation concentration, representing a non‐canonical DNA condensing agent. The interaction with DNA of the studied compound combines electrostatic effects with hydrophobic/stacking interactions provided with the diphenylalanine moiety. Upon reduction, the condensing agent is cleaved, weakening its interaction with DNA and resulting in DNA decondensation. Oxidation reverses this process, restoring the condensed state. This behavior was confirmed through ThT displacement, circular dichroism, 1H NMR, and dynamic light scattering studies. Overall, this study introduces an innovative alternative for dynamic DNA manipulation applications.
High‐Efficiency CRISPR‐Cas9 Genome Editing Unveils Biofilm Insights and Enhances Antimicrobial Activity in Bacillus velezensis FZB42
Authors: Guo Na , Wang Shangjun , Whitfield Christopher Tyler , Batchelor William D. , Wang Yifen , Blersch David , Higgins Brendan T. , Feng Yucheng , Liles Mark R. , de‐Bashan Luz E. , Wang Yi , Ma Yuechao
Published: January 2025

Bacillus velezensis FZB42 is a prominent plant growth‐promoting rhizobacterium and biocontrol agent known for producing a wide array of antimicrobial compounds. The capability to genetically manipulate this strain would facilitate understanding its metabolism and enhancing its sustainable agriculture applications. In this study, we report the first successful implementation of high‐efficiency CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing in B. velezensis FZB42, enabling targeted genetic modifications to gain insights into its plant growth‐promotion and biocontrol properties. Deletion of the slrR gene, a key regulator of biofilm formation, resulted in significant alterations in biofilm structure and development, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and quantitative biofilm assays. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of biofilm formation, which are critical for root colonization and plant growth promotion. Additionally, we overexpressed the bac gene cluster responsible for bacilysin biosynthesis by replacing its native promoter with the strong constitutive promoter P43 and integrating an additional copy of the bacG gene. This genetic manipulation led to a 2.7‐fold increase in bacB gene expression and significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus diolivorans. The successful implementation of the CRISPR‐Cas9 system for genome editing in FZB42 provides a valuable tool for genetic engineering, with the potential to improve its biocontrol efficacy and broaden its applications in agriculture and other biotechnology areas. Our principles and procedures are broadly applicable to other agriculturally significant microorganisms.
Sesquiterpenes and Lignans From the Branches and Leaves of Wikstroemia micrantha
Authors: Song Chi , Luo Deng‐Jian , Zu Xian‐Peng , Li Zhao‐Ting , Yang Xue‐Mei , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Xu Xi‐Ke , Shen Yun‐Heng
Published: January 2025

One new sesquiterpene wikstromicrol (1), 1 new lignan (7R, 8S, 8′S)‐9‐acetoxyl (−)‐isolariciresinol (8), and 12 known compounds were isolated from the branches and leaves of Wikstroemia micrantha. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive interpretation of spectroscopic data and quantum chemical calculations of electronic circular dichroism spectra. The bioactivity assay showed that compounds 6 and 7 had weak cytotoxicity against MCF‐7, HCT‐116, and HL‐60 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 33.84 to 49.15 µM, whereas compound 8 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HCT‐116 cell line with an IC50 value of 16.54 µM.
Biosynthetic Characterization of Bacillibactin in Thermophilic Bacillaceae and its Potential for in Vitro Mutational Synthesis
Authors: Izumi Momona , Tomita Hiroya , Miyazaki Kentaro , Otsuka Ryo , Honda Kohsuke
Published: January 2025

Bacillibactin (BB) is a microbial siderophore produced by Bacillus species. BB is biosynthesized from 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3‐DHB), Gly, and L‐Thr by nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) enzymes DhbE, DhbB, and DhbF. The biosynthetic gene cluster (dhb) is also conserved in some strains of thermophilic genera, Geobacillus, Anoxybacillus and Parageobacillus. However, the production of BB from these thermophilic bacteria has not been characterized. Here, we report in vivo and in vitro characterization of BB biosynthesis in Parageobacillus sp. KH3‐4 which grows at 65 °C. We confirmed BB production in this thermophilic bacterium and the gene cluster active. In vitro enzymatic analysis revealed that 4′‐phosphopantetheinyltransferase (PPTase) encoded in the same gene cluster is responsible for the post‐translational maturation of carrier proteins. DhbE and DhbF showed substrate preference to 2,3‐DHB and Gly and L‐Thr, respectively, consistent with the chemical structure of BB. With the purified enzymes, we successfully reconstituted the NRPS assembly line in vitro. In addition, using chemically synthesized acyl‐N‐acetylcysteamine substrate analogues, BB analogues possessing methylbenzoyl groups instead of 2,3‐DHB were detected. This study provides a new insight into secondary metabolism in thermophiles, and it expands the temperature limitation of NRPS enzymes.
Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Sensitive Tracking of Peroxynitrite during Drug‐Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Zheng Zhijie , Liao Ruhe , Du Yuting
Published: January 2025

As an essential component of reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite (ONOO−) plays an indispensable role in redox homeostasis and signal transduction, with anomalous levels implicated in various clinical conditions. Therefore, accurate and rapid detection of intracellular ONOO− levels is crucial for revealing its role in physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we developed a ratiometric fluorescent probe to detect ONOO− levels in biological systems. The probe demonstrated a fast reaction rate (within 15 min), outstanding selectivity, high sensitivity (limit of detection=13.32 nM), and stability in the presence of ONOO−. The proposed probe was successfully used for visualizing endogenous ONOO− in living cells and tracking changes in intracellular ONOO− levels during drug‐induced hepatotoxicity using ratiometric fluorescence.
Metal‐Translocation‐Coupled Ligand‐Binding/Release by Dinuclear Rhodium Sandwich Complexes
Authors: Inoue Iori , Aida Yukiho , Yamamoto Koji , Omoda Tsubasa , Sakaki Shigeyoshi , Murahashi Tetsuro
Published: January 2025

Switching the location of metal atoms or ions in a molecule has been of great interest as a behavior of molecular machines. We describe herein that the reversible metal translocation can be coupled with the ligand‐binding/release of organometallic complexes. The two rhodium moieties sandwiched between arylpolyene ligands exhibit metal‐assembly and disassembly through reversible migration between the arene site and the olefin site, in response to the association and dissociation of additional ligands. This occurs either with bridging or even non‐bridging ligands, where the latter involves oxidative π‐addition of the unsaturated hydrocarbon binder to the metal moieties. The assembling‐ and disassembling states were characterized by NMR and X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Advancements in Artificial Intelligence in Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Tolu‐Akinnawo Oluwaremilekun Zeth , Ezekwueme Francis , Omolayo Olukunle , Batheja Sasha , Awoyemi Toluwalase
Published: January 2025

Background

Technological advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are redefining cardiac imaging by providing advanced tools for analyzing complex health data. AI is increasingly applied across various imaging modalities, including echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and nuclear imaging, to enhance diagnostic workflows and improve patient outcomes.

Hypothesis

Integrating AI into cardiac imaging enhances image quality, accelerates processing times, and improves diagnostic accuracy, enabling timely and personalized interventions that lead to better health outcomes.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to examine the impact of machine learning and deep learning algorithms on diagnostic accuracy, the detection of subtle patterns and anomalies, and key challenges such as data quality, patient safety, and regulatory barriers.

Results

Findings indicate that AI integration in cardiac imaging enhances image quality, reduces processing times, and improves diagnostic precision, contributing to better clinical decision‐making. Emerging machine learning techniques demonstrate the ability to identify subtle cardiac abnormalities that traditional methods may overlook. However, significant challenges persist, including data standardization, regulatory compliance, and patient safety concerns.

Conclusions

AI holds transformative potential in cardiac imaging, significantly advancing diagnosis and patient outcomes. Overcoming barriers to implementation will require ongoing collaboration among clinicians, researchers, and regulatory bodies. Further research is essential to ensure the safe, ethical, and effective integration of AI in cardiology, supporting its broader application to improve cardiovascular health.
Cost Minimized Immunoaffinity Purification of EPO and Its Analogs in Doping Control—A Step‐by‐Step Protocol for Human Urine and Blood
Authors: Reichel Christian , Gmeiner Günter , Thevis Mario
Published: January 2025

A cost minimized immunoaffinity protocol was developed, which allows the direct purification of ERAs (urinary and recombinant human EPO, Darbepoetin, EPO‐Fc, CERA) from human urine. The method applies magnetic beads and needs no covalent immobilization of the capture antibody. It requires only 10 mL of urine, 1 μg of anti‐EPO antibody, and 25 μL of bead slurry. The beads are coated with the capture antibody in advance and can be stored in the refrigerator for months without any loss of functionality. The protocol was fully validated in combination with SAR‐PAGE and Western blotting using the biotinylated clone AE7A5 anti‐EPO antibody. It is compliant with the criteria of TD2024EPO of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) for the gel electrophoretic detection of ERAs. For each ERA, the achieved limit of detection (LOD) is at least one tenth of the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) of WADA, that is, 0.1 IU/L, 0.1 pg/mL, 0.5 pg/mL, and 0.5 pg/mL for rEPO, Darbepoetin, EPO‐Fc, and CERA, respectively. After slight modification, the protocol is also applicable to serum and plasma and also fulfils the corresponding MRPLs of WADA for these matrices. Compared to commercial immunoaffinity purification kits for EPO, the material costs are significantly lower but with identical results.
The biodiversity of ice‐free Antarctica database
Authors: Terauds Aleks , Lee Jasmine R. , Wauchope Hannah S. , Raymond Ben , Bergstrom Dana M. , Convey Peter , Mason Claire , Patterson Charlotte R. , Robinson Sharon A. , Van de Putte Anton , Watts David , Chown Steven L.
Published: January 2025

Antarctica is one of Earth's most untouched, inhospitable, and poorly known regions. Although knowledge of its biodiversity has increased over recent decades, a diverse, wide‐ranging, and spatially explicit compilation of the biodiversity that inhabits Antarctica's permanently ice‐free areas is unavailable. This absence hinders both Antarctic biodiversity research and the integration of Antarctica in global biodiversity–related studies. Fundamental and applied research on biodiversity patterns, ecological structure and function, and options for conservation are reliant on spatially resolved, taxonomically consistent observations. Such information is especially important for modern, data‐driven biodiversity science, in both Antarctica and globally, and forms the backbone of biodiversity informatics, reflected, for example, in the Darwin Core Standard used by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Biodiversity data are also essential to fulfill the conservation requirements for Antarctica, as set out in the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty and inform the design of systematic surveys to address biodiversity and ecological knowledge gaps, for both specific taxa and ecosystems. Such surveys are key requirements for understanding and mitigating the impacts of environmental change on the region's biodiversity. Here, we address these requirements through the public release of The Biodiversity of Ice‐free Antarctica Database. In 2008, we extracted a subset of biodiversity records only from terrestrial ice‐free areas from the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) Antarctic Biodiversity Database. We have subsequently added thousands of records from a range of sources: checking, and where necessary (and possible), correcting the spatial location, clarifying, cross‐referencing, and harmonizing taxonomy with globally recognized sources, and documenting the original source of records. The Biodiversity of Ice‐free Antarctica Database spans the early 1800s to 2019 (with most records collected after 1950) and represents the most comprehensive consolidation of Antarctic ice‐free biodiversity occurrence data yet compiled into a single database. The Biodiversity of Ice‐free Antarctica Database contains 35,654 records of 1890 species in over 800 genera across six kingdoms and spans all Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions. These data are released under a CC BY Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
An Operationally Simple, Regioselective, Platinum‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Unactivated Alkynes
Authors: Hale K. Lawrence E. , Roberts Dean D. , McLaughlin Mark G.
Published: January 2025

Herein is reported a new PtCl2/XPhos/Et3SiH‐catalyzed hydroboration method for unactivated terminal alkynes. Significantly, the reaction proceeds in hindered alkyne systems, and works well on acetylenes that contain multiple heteroatom‐groups to provide the desired (E)‐1,2‐vinyl boronates in reasonable to high yields with excellent levels of stereo‐ and regio‐control.
Blockchain‐Enabled Car Sharing: Enhancing Reliability and Vehicle History Management
Authors: Ben Tolila Chen , Hovav Yarden , Danilchenko Kiril , Daltrophe Hadassa
Published: January 2025

The rising expenses associated with car ownership have driven individuals to seek more affordable alternatives, such as car rentals. However, conventional car rental services often come with high costs due to leasing companies' overhead expenses. Consequently, car sharing has emerged as a popular and cost‐effective solution that reduces expenses and promotes eco‐friendliness by reducing the number of vehicles on the roads. Nonetheless, centralization and reliability remain persistent challenges in car‐sharing implementation. To address these issues, we propose a decentralized crowd car sharing and renting platform called CROWDCARLINK, leveraging blockchain technology's power. This innovative platform enables individuals and leasing companies to rent vehicles while securely recording each car's maintenance and lease history on the blockchain. Within CROWDCARLINK, garages are pivotal contributors, adding vehicle information in a reliable and immutable manner. By utilizing blockchain technology, our platform ensures transparency and fosters trust, effectively overcoming the limitations imposed by centralization. Our architectural design incorporates smart contracts, which help streamline processes and facilitate seamless transactions within the platform. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we have developed a prototype utilizing a private Ethereum blockchain with Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus. We believe that the architectural design and the practical solution presented here will play an integral role in shaping the future of smart transportation. Our platform aims to benefit individuals and the environment by offering a cost‐effective and efficient solution, paving the way for a more sustainable and advanced transportation ecosystem.
Formalization of Hybrid Systems Models for Port Terminal Management With Considering of Key Performance Indicators
Authors: Nikolaieva Liudmyla L. , Omelchenko Taras Y. , Haichenia Oleksandr V.
Published: January 2025

New way of formalizing hybrid systems in models for managing the process of vessel unloading is caused by the significant increase in container transportation around the world over the past decade. The growth of container traffic is the main reason for the constant modernization of port container terminals and the improvement of cargo unloading technology is most promising when using those methods, that allow obtaining maximum results in terms of cargo processing speed. This problem is the subject of an article in which an analytical review of container handling technologies existing in world ports is carried out, their key performance indicators are formulated and it is shown how the use of a centralized hybrid control system based on the dynamics of discrete events can lead to increased profitability of the port. Developed concept of a hybrid control system makes possible to consider such features of the vessels unload process that have not been considered until now.
“Tension Chyle Leak”: A Life‐Threatening Sequela of Thoracic Duct Injury Following Resection of BRAF‐Mutated Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Botros Karim , Esfahani Khashayar , Sultanem Khalil , Spicer Jonathan D. , Mlynarek Alex A. , Hier Michael P. , Mascarella Marco A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Airway obstruction secondary to chyle leak is an exceptionally rare phenomenon. Here, we describe this complication in a patient with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) undergoing consolidative surgery after BRAF‐targeted therapy.

Methods

A 55‐year‐old man presented with a rapidly enlarging neck mass. Work‐up was consistent with metastatic unresectable BRAFV600E‐mutant ATC. After a remarkable response to neoadjuvant dabrafenib and trametinib, he underwent curative‐intent surgery with a right hemithyroidectomy and bilateral neck dissection. Within 48 h, he developed an expanding left neck mass with laryngeal obstruction due to a chyle leak.

Results

Despite surgical repair and maximal medical therapy, the leak persisted necessitating thoracoscopic ligation of the thoracic duct. Final pathology showed a completely excised residual tumor. The patient remains disease‐free on long‐term dabrafenib and trametinib.

Conclusions

BRAF‐directed therapy has transformed the care of patients with mutated ATC. As more patients undergo consolidative surgery, increased vigilance is paramount in minimizing complications and their associated morbidity.
Task‐sharing: Abortion care access expansion through training midwives and nurses to provide first trimester abortion in a sub‐Saharan setting: A multicenter pre‐post study
Authors: Sium Abraham Fessehaye , Kirba Sisay , Tolu Lemi Belay
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To determine the effect of training midwives and nurses on access to first trimester abortions and post‐abortion family planning.

Methods

This was a pre‐post study on first trimester abortion care and post‐abortion contraceptive services expansion by training midwives and nurses(task‐sharing) from 14 catchment health centers of St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (Ethiopia). The study period was January 2022 to August 2023. Data were collected by reviewing records of first trimester abortion and post‐abortion family planning at the health centers. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Simple descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data. Proportions and frequencies were used to present the results.

Results

A total of 2690 first abortions were performed during the study period. The number of first trimester abortions provided jumped from 790 in the pre‐intervention period to 1900 in the post‐intervention period (a rise of 140%), of which 624 (32.8%) were surgical (manual vacuum aspiration) and the remaining 1276 (67.2%) were medication abortions. Similarly, post‐abortion family planning uptake increased from 35.3% (279/790) during the preintervention period to 71.6% (1360/1900) in the post‐intervention period, an increment of 36.3%.

Conclusions

Training midwives and nurses to provide first trimester abortion and post‐abortion family planning had more than a doubling effect in expanding access to both first trimester abortion and post‐abortion family planning.
Photometric Units
Authors: Luxenberg H. R.
Published: January 2025

Even a casual investigation of the literature of the display‐allied fields, e.g. optics, photography, photometry, and psychology, to name but a few, reveals that a wide variety of photometric units are in current use. Furthermore, many identical units have two or three common names; and it is not uncommon to see the units incorrectly used or defined in both technical papers and procurement specifications. This paper shows that there are only four physical quantities for which units are required, defines the most commonly used units, provides some notion of their magnitudes by citing typical values for familiar situations, categorizes these units as being either in the MKS, CGS or English systems, and relates alternate names for identical units.
The Determination of Display Screen Size And Resolution Based on Perceptual and Information Limitations
Authors: Whitham Glenn E
Published: January 2025

The material presented in this paper offers useful, handbook type information to enable the display system designer to determine rapidly the limiting values of basic display parameters so that he can devote his attention to those unique details inherent to the design of a specific system.

By considering displays in terms of their minimum resolvable elements, a series of design charts have been developed from which limiting design range values can be obtained for display element size, overall size, symbol size and maximum symbol quantity in thes ordered or random symbols. these limits more exact parametric values can be specified in terms of the effect on them of other system parameters. In this manner the feasibility of a display configuration can be verified in terms of fundamental limitations, and inconsistent requirements can be modified in the conceptual phase.
Some Pragmatic Considerations Influencing the Selection of Air Force Display Techniques
Authors: Kennedy Edmund J.
Published: January 2025

The selection by the Air Force from among many promising display techniques is influenced in part by pragmatic considerations that are sometimes overlooked. These considerations include logistics, availability and cost.

Data is presented on the impact of these on industry and the Air Force and the ill effects of failing to provide for the practical things. In some cases these ill effects, that could have been avoided, have un justifiably been interpreted as limitations of the technique.

A useful approach to dealing with pragmatic considerations is to relate them to total cost over the lifetime of the system and a simple conceptual approach to the problem is presented.
True stereoscopic movie system without glasses
Authors: Collender Robert B.
Published: January 2025

Various stereoscopic systems are discussed and the problems inherent with each enumerated. Among them are grand scale holography and lenticular screen‐multi‐camera and projection systems for a proposed zoneless wide screen viewing criteria within the theatre. Zone system two‐picture autostereo techniques with their inherent problems are also mentioned briefly.

The writer's design is presented for an entirely new approach to the age‐old problem of stereo pictures which must be projected to a large audience; provide an extended field of view both horizontally and vertically, not restrict the posi tions of view within the bounds of the auditorium's viewing area; present a unity sizing of original scene to synthetic playback; minimize complexity of theatre projection equipment and completely eliminate the requirements for optical aids at the observer's eyes.
True stereoscopic movie system without glasses
Authors: Collender Robert B.
Published: January 2025

In the previous issue (July/August, 1968) of this journal, in which the first part of this paper was presented, a brief discussion was presented on the problems involved with adapting grandscale holography to the movie theatres. A discussion was presented which led to the conclusion that three dimensional reproduction should be on a unity magnification basis (e.g. the size of objects in the scene captured should be equal to the size of reconstructed images in the wide screen stereoscopic theatre).

Gabriel Lippman's lenticular system was shown expanded to its possible application to future theatres and the resultant problems associated with this adaptation, were discussed.

The author's concept was described in which the capture equipment consists of a 100 foot arc of 1500 pinholes which are uncovered sequentially to expose ten sets of horizontally‐moving spherical lenticular filmstrips. The filmstrip's movement and exposure are synchronized by a central control system. The resultant film is specially processed for centralized projection. In the proposed new 3‐D theatre, a centralized projection booth is at the center of curvature of a cylindrical screen and stationary electronically controlled Kerr cellshutter selector. The pictures are released to the screen in a cyclic scanning time‐multiplexed sequential overlap fashion as they rapidly. sweep over the semi‐specularly reflective screen. In step with this sweeping myriad of pictures, an electronically operating shutter system, some 50 feet in front of the screen, forces each eye in the theatre to see the appropriate perspective for its particular position. Because of this, each person in the theatre sees a “different view” of the scene in true stereoscopic vision. The audience will see the scene reproduced as through a large bay window (100 feet wide and 50 feet high).

In the last issue, an introduction to the theory of the system was given. The image dissection process was described. The mathematical formulas were developed for predicting the vertical shrink‐expand factors for each spatial image depending on its location with respect to the projection geometry and any given observer position. A scale schematic drawing of the proposed theatre was presented. A brief description of the camera system was given along with a brief introduction to its theory of operation.

In the following concluding publication (part 2) of this paper, the camera system is continued‐followed by the central processor, the projection system, the electronic shutter selection system and screen illumination calculations.
A plastic virtual inifinity lens system for large aperture cathode ray tube displays
Authors: Goodell W. V. , Woodson P. D.
Published: January 2025

Recent developments in the area of real time simulation have generated requirements for large virtual infinity display optics. This paper discusses the development of a 24‐inch, plastic, refractive optical system designed for a direct view simulator display system.

First the problem is discussed and then the rationale leading toward a solution. Finally, the optical design is developed taking into account the characteristics of the CRT, refractive optical materials, and fabrication problems.
Diabetes Mellitus Impairs Blood‐Brain Barrier Integrality and Microglial Reactivity
Authors: Liu Shaojun , Hao Jie , Yu Tingting , Tuchin Valery V , Li Junming , Li Dongyu , Zhu Dan
Published: January 2025

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder that adversely affects the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and microglial function in the central nervous system (CNS), contributing to neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking diabetes to BBB dysfunction and microglial dysregulation remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the impacts of diabetes on BBB and microglial reactivity and investigated its mechanisms. We found diabetes severely disrupted the BBB integrity and microglial response to vascular injury. We also revealed a potential relationship between BBB disruption and impaired microglial function, whereby increasing BBB permeability led to a downregulation of microglial P2RY12 expression, thereby impairing microglial protection against cerebrovascular injury. Understanding these mechanisms may contribute to the developing of therapeutic strategies for diabetes‐related neurological complications.
Common Elements and Differences Among Treatment Approaches to Complex Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Commentary on Five Case Studies
Authors: Farina Benedetto , Dimaggio Giancarlo , Mosquera Dolores
Published: January 2025

Treating people who have experienced deep and prolonged developmental trauma, that is, complex post‐traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD), can be challenging given the complexity and severity of their presentations. The main features of complex post‐traumatic stress disorder, that is, affective and behavioral dysregulation, altered self‐experience and identity disturbances, relational difficulties, negative self‐concepts, and negative pathogenic beliefs, are, at the same time, therapeutic goals and obstacles to treatment. Therefore, clinicians must be aware of these difficulties in order to identify them and be ready to treat them when they arise during therapy with the same client. For this reason, the clinical cases presented in this issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session provide a very useful overview of how to deal with these manifestations from the perspective of different models of psychotherapy. This commentary, after briefly reviewing the clinical features and therapeutic difficulties of these clients, offers a critical summary of the commonalities and differences between the various approaches presented by the clinical cases in this special issue. The purpose is to help the reader navigate the key aspects of treating the pathogenetic processes involved in cPTSD and to identify the different therapeutic tools that may be applicable to the different clinical presentations.
Dengue Virus Replicative‐Form dsRNA Is Recognized by Both RIG‐I and MDA5 to Activate Innate Immunity
Authors: Ye Sichao , Liang Yisha , Chang Yu , Lai Bailiang , Zhong Jin
Published: January 2025

RIG‐I like receptors (RLRs) are a family of cytosolic RNA sensors that sense RNA virus infection to activate innate immune response. It is generally believed that different RNA viruses are recognized by either RIG‐I or MDA5, two important RLR members, depending on the nature of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are generated by RNA virus replication. Dengue virus (DENV) is an important RNA virus causing serious human diseases. Despite extensive investigations, the molecular basis of the DENV PAMP recognized by the host RLR has been poorly defined. Here, we demonstrated that the DENV infection‐induced interferon response is dependent upon both RIG‐I and MDA5, with RIG‐I playing a predominant role. Next we purified the DENV PAMP RNA from the DENV‐infected cells, and demonstrated that the purified DENV PAMP is viral full‐length double‐stranded RNA bearing 5'ppp modifications, likely representing the viral replicative‐form RNA. Finally, we confirmed the nature of the DENV PAMP by reconstituting the viral replicative‐form RNA from in vitro synthesized DENV genomic RNA. In conclusion, our work not only defined the molecular basis of the RLR‐PAMP interaction during DENV infection, but also revealed the previously underappreciated recognition of a distinct moiety of the same PAMP by different RLRs in innate immunity against RNA viruses.
Prevention of refeeding syndrome: Evaluation of an enteral refeeding protocol for severely undernourished children
Authors: Abbas Fatima , Vacheron Charles‐Hervé , Duclos Antoine , Touzet Sandrine , Restier Liora , Duclaux‐Loras Rémi , Restier Lauria , Marotte Stéphanie , Sierra Anaïs , Eid Bassam , Duclaux Irène Loras , Poinsot Pierre , Peretti Noël
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Refeeding syndrome (RS) defines the deleterious clinical and metabolic changes occurring during nutritional support of severely malnourished patients. Pediatric guidelines to prevent and treat RS are scarce and highly variable. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an enteral refeeding protocol in severely undernourished hospitalized children with anorexia nervosa (AN) or organic diseases (OD).

Methods

This ancillary study to the Preventing Malnutrition and Restoring Nutritional Status in Hospitalized Children (PREDIRE) trial (NCT01081587), included severely undernourished children hospitalized between January 2010 and June 2018 and treated with an enteral refeeding protocol drafted for the study. The effectiveness was assessed by weight gain and safety by clinical and laboratory abnormality occurrence over the initial 3‐week refeeding period, which represents the most critical period for the development of RS.

Results

After 3 weeks of refeeding, the mean weight for height ratio increased from 72% to 82%, and half of the patients with severe undernutrition improved their nutritional status. The prevalence of RS was 10.4%. No clinical cardiac or neurological complication occurred. The most frequent laboratory complication was hypophosphatemia in 13.7% of patients; but symptomatic in only two patients (2.5%). Compared with patients with OD, patients with AN improved their weight‐for‐height ratio faster without significantly more frequent complications, except for hepatic cytolysis which was less prevalent in AN (8.3% vs. 36.8%).

Conclusions

The proposed enteral refeeding protocol appears safe for treating severely undernourished children of different etiologies, with a low prevalence of RS and half of the patients recovered from severe malnutrition within a 3‐week period.
Maintenance‐phase serum anti‐TNF levels are not associated with mucosal healing in pediatric Crohn's disease
Authors: Grabovski Rinat , Regev Stav , Matar Manar , Weintraub Yael , Shamir Raanan , Shouval Dror S. , Tal Noa
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Mucosal healing (MH) is a key therapeutic target in Crohn's disease (CD) and is associated with improved outcomes. While adult studies indicate a positive correlation between serum anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels and MH, data in pediatric patients is limited. We aimed to define the association of serum anti‐TNF levels with MH in pediatric patients with CD during maintenance therapy.

Methods

Retrospective data (2014–2023) was collected from pediatric CD patients treated with infliximab or adalimumab who performed an ileocolonoscopy at least 26 weeks after initiating therapy. Serum anti‐TNF levels around endoscopic time were compared with endoscopic findings. MH was defined as complete absence of inflammatory or ulcerative lesions across all segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with MH.

Results

Data were obtained from 107 patients (41 infliximab and 66 adalimumab), with a median age at diagnosis of 12.6 (9.9–14.0) years. Median time until ileocolonoscopy following anti‐TNF initiation was 89.0 (56.3–152.3) weeks. MH was identified in 31 (29.0%) patients. Anti‐TNF serum levels were comparable in the MH and non‐MH groups (9.5 [4.9–13.9] vs. 9.3 [6.4–15.7] µg/mL; p = 0.73), without differences in patients treated with infliximab or adalimumab. In multivariable analysis, diagnosis weight Z‐score (odds ratio [OR] = 2.860, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.005–8.138; p = 0.049), along with C‐reactive protein (OR = 0.037, 95% CI = 0.002–0.687; p = 0.027) and fecal calprotectin (OR = 0.995, 95% CI = 0.990–1.000; p = 0.037) at time of ileocolonoscopy were significantly associated with MH.

Conclusions

In our cohort, anti‐TNF levels during maintenance were not associated with MH in pediatric CD.
A triphenylamine‐based aggregation‐induced emission active fluorescent probe for fluorescent ink, fingerprint powder, and visual detection of salmon freshness
Authors: Zhong Keli , Liu Shuang , Li Yangyang , Tang Lijun , Sun Xiaofei , Li Xuepeng , Li Jianrong
Published: January 2025

Background

Multifunctional fluorescent probes have attracted much attention due to their wide range of applications and high utilization. In this study, a multifunctional fluorescent probe (E)‐3‐(4‐(7‐(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazol‐4‐yl)phenyl)acrylic acid (TBAC) based on triphenylamine was designed and synthesized.

Results

The TBAC probe provided excellent aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) performance and could be used as a fluorescent ink for printing. It was also prepared successfully for application as a fingerprint powder, facilitating the visual detection of invisible fingerprints on surfaces such as glass, plastic, tinfoil, metal, aluminum, and resin. The probe exhibited a clear fluorescence response to 12 volatile amines via an AIE‐based ‘on–off’ mechanism in an EtOH/H2O (4/6, v/v) solution. The TBAC/bromocresol green (BCG) indicator label also enabled non‐destructive and rapid assessment of salmon freshness through dual‐channel colorimetric and fluorescence responses.

Conclusion

The versatility of TBAC makes it a promising material for various applications, including fluorescent materials, criminal detection, and food safety. This study provides a new basis for the multifunctional application of fluorescent probes. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
E74‐like ETS transcription factor 3 expression and regulation in human intervertebral disc
Authors: González‐Rodríguez María , Ait Eldjoudi Djedjiga , Cordero‐Barreal Alfonso , Farrag Mariam , Varela‐García María , Ruiz‐Fernández Clara , Torrijos‐Pulpón Carlos , Lago Francisca , García‐Caballero Lucía , Farrag Yousof , Conde‐Aranda Javier , Pino Jesus , Gualillo Oreste
Published: January 2025

Background

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the main causes of chronic low back pain. The degenerative process is often initiated by an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic pathways. Despite the large socio‐economic impact, the initiation and progress of disc degeneration are poorly understood. Although intervertebral disc (IVD) and articular joint are not identical, their degenerative roads are remarkably similar. We, and another authors, previously demonstrated that E‐74‐like factor 3 (ELF3), a transcription factor induced by inflammatory mediators in various cell types including chondrocytes, is a central contributing factor for cartilage degradation. Thus, we aim to explore, for the first time, the expression, modulation, and the role of ELF3 in human IVD cells.

Methods

The presence of ELF3 in healthy and degenerated IVD tissues was initially determined by immunohistochemistry in annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP). mRNA and protein expression were measured, respectively, by RT‐qPCR and Western blot in AF and NP IVD cells harvested from healthy individuals and IVDD patients. Overexpression of ELF3 was performed by transfection of AF IVDD cells with pESE‐1: ELF3 expression vector or pCI: empty vector.

Results

Our results unveiled, for the first time, the expression of ELF3 in IVD tissues. ELF3 is notably upregulated in degenerated tissues compared to those from healthy patients. In addition, the stimulation of IVDD AF cells with various proinflammatory stimuli, showed marked increase in both mRNA and protein expression of ELF3. ELF3 overexpression in AF IVDD cells resulted in the upregulation of proinflammatory and catabolic genes such as PTGS2, NOS2, LCN2, IL‐6, MMP13, and ADAMTS‐5; whereas, ELF3 silencing resulted in the opposite results.

Conclusions

Our results support a novel role for ELF3 as a pro‐inflammatory and pro‐catabolic transcriptional mediator, whose targeting in IVD tissues might be of potential therapeutic relevance in disc degeneration.
Inconsistent Associations of Modified Frailty Index‐5 With Adverse Head and Neck Reconstruction Outcomes
Authors: Orgun Doruk , Bay Caroline C. , Carbullido Kristine M. , Wieland Aaron M. , Michelotti Brett F. , Poore Samuel O.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To investigate the consistency of associations between modified frailty index‐5 (mFI‐5) and postoperative adverse outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC) reconstruction.

Methods

American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) database from 2017 to 2022 was utilized to identify HNC patients undergoing locoregional or microvascular free tissue transfers. Kaplan–Meier estimates and multivariable Cox regression analyses were utilized to compare risk of infections, bleeding, readmissions, reoperations, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and mortality within the first postoperative month for each mFI‐5 score with mFI‐5 = 0 as reference. Further analyses investigated associations between individual mFI‐5 components and the outcomes of interest.

Results

We included 5,573 patients (median age: 64; 31.5% female), 63% (n = 3,519) of whom underwent microvascular free tissue transfers. Unadjusted univariate analyses associated higher mFI‐5 scores with longer hospital stays. In locoregional tissue transfers, adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for reoperation were 1.37 (p = 0.03) for mFI‐5 = 1 and 2.19 (p = 0.03) for mFI‐5 ≥ 3. In microvascular free tissue transfers, aHRs for MACE were 1.93 (p = 0.04) for mFI‐5 = 2 and 6.53 (p < 0.001) for mFI‐5 ≥ 3, while aHRs for mortality was 3.88 (p = 0.04) for mFI‐5 ≥ 3. No associations were observed between increasing mFI‐5 scores and increased relative risk of infection, bleeding, or readmission. Individual component analysis associated congestive heart failure with aHRs of 3.92 (1.84–8.35; p < 0.001) for MACE and 5.30 (2.03–13.88; p < 0.001) for mortality. Additionally, COPD was associated with an aHR of 1.39 (1.16–1.67; p < 0.001) for infections.

Conclusion

The associations of higher mFI‐5 scores with postoperative adverse outcomes following oncoplastic head and neck reconstruction were inconsistent and possibly driven by individual effects of its components.

Level of Evidence

Level III (three) Laryngoscope, 2025
Are More Adults Bleeding After Tonsillectomy Than in the Past?
Authors: Akella Deepthi , Cottone Chloe , Raghavan Maya , Varavenkataraman Gaayathri , Marcus Chennai A. , Erwin Dylan Z. , Carr Michele M.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) rates have increased in children over the last decade. This study aimed to determine whether PTH incidence in adults had also increased over the last 15 years.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

TriNetX database.

Methods

A search was conducted using TriNetX for patients 18 years and older within the US Collaborative Network who had undergone tonsillectomy (CPT codes 42821 or 42826) and yielded 72,232 subjects. PTH diagnoses were identified using ICD‐10 codes J95.830 or K91.840, and those who returned to the operating room (RTOR) to control PTH were identified using CPT 42962. PTH events that occurred and analgesics given following 14 days of tonsillectomy were tabulated annually from 2008 to 2022. Mann‐Kendall test for monotonic trend examined significant trends in PTH and analgesic use.

Results

Mean age at tonsillectomy was 32.8 years (SD = 13.8). 4.1% were diagnosed with PTH in 2008, compared with 6.2% by 2022 (p = 0.0030). In 2008, 0.7% required RTOR to control PTH, compared with 2.4% in 2022 (p < 0.0001). Use of codeine decreased from 6.9% in 2008 to 2.5% in 2022 (p = 0.0022). Use of ibuprofen, acetaminophen, ketorolac, and oxycodone increased from 1.6% to 23.4% (p = 0.0005), 36.1% to 78.6% (p < 0.0001), 1.5% to 11.9% (p < 0.0001), and 20.6% to 63.6% (p < 0.0001), respectively. No change was detected in use of hydrocodone.

Conclusion

Post‐tonsillectomy analgesia in adults has changed significantly over the last 15 years. Our study highlights a concurrent increase in PTH which bears more investigation.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2025