bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Natural Characteristics and Forced Response of O-shaped Plate Under Isotropic and Orthotropic Materials
Authors: Shi Dongyan , Ren Wenhui , Lan Zhongxin , Li Yongxin
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the O-shaped plate with different materials are used to analyze their natural frequencies at different boundaries and different plate thicknesses and the forced response under the action of point forces. By the improved Fourier series method, the discontinuity of coupling system at all boundaries in the overall solution domain is overcame. Through the energy principle and the Rayleigh-Ritz technology, the matrix equation of the system governing equations can be obtained. In addition, based on various materials, boundary conditions and thicknesses, some new results have been demonstrated, which may become the foundation for the future research.
Research on Artificial Post-Treatment Technology of FDM Forming Parts
Authors: Liu Jinjin , Gu Hai , Li Bin , Zhu Lu , Jiang Jie , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2019

3D printing technology is a high and new technology gradually developed from the mid-1980s, leading the manufacturing technology of the third revolution. The 3D printing process includes modeling, data processing, selective process printing and post-processing. FDM technology is the most widely used technology at present, but the molding accuracy is not high. Due to the “step effect”, the printed parts have rough surface, obvious stripes, poor surface quality, and cannot meet the customer’s or specified requirements, so post-processing is very important. This paper mainly studies and summarizes the manual post-processing technology of FDM printed parts, and provides the specific implementation method of post-processing, providing reference for the post-processing of FDM formed parts and other forming processes.
eMineProve: Educational Data Mining for Predicting Performance Improvement Using Classification Method
Authors: Rosado Jovel T. , Payne Angelica P. , Rebong Corazon B.
Published: October 2019

Today, Data mining has become a universal tool for converting data into useful information and knowledge. Student’s academic performance is a crucial factor in building their future [3]. In this study, the classification method is selected to be applied on the students’ data. Classification is a form of data analysis that extracts models describing data classes [4]. The data is collected from the Basic Education Department of the University of Perpetual Help System Laguna. The raw data set is a collection of 4, 250 data accumulated over two academic years regarding the basic information of the Grade 7 Junior High School students. The data mining technique applied was classification using Naïve Bayes. The data mining tool used to process the data into useful knowledge is RapidMiner. The main objective of this study is to predict the performance improvement of Grade 7 Junior High School students for A.Y. 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 using classification. It specifically aims to identify the general average of the Grade 7 Junior High School students when grouped according to gender, identify who perform better between male and female, identify the subject on which the students excel most, identify the subject on which students have difficulty, identify who performs best when group according to last school attended, identify the academic performance of the students based on their parent’s occupation, provide a predictive analysis of data to help the decision makers create a marketing strategy for those schools where only few students enrolled. Naïve Bayes produces accuracy 92.37% that shows it is possible to obtain a good prediction model based on the academic performance of the students. Based on the data for marketing strategy, the model has an accuracy of 30.97%.
FEM strategies for Large Scale Thermo-Mechanical Simulations with Material Non-linearity
Authors: De Bona Francesco , Benasciutti Denis , Moro Luciano , Novak Jelena Srnec
Published: October 2019

Numerical techniques based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) are mature to provide computational tools that permit multi-physical problems to be dealt with. A relevant case concerns thermo-mechanical simulations of industrial components and processes. Nevertheless, a thermo-mechanical FEM model generally requires a transient non-linear analysis where the variation of material properties with temperature, as well as plasticity and creep, have to be considered. It follows that large scale models are often obtained and unfeasible computational time is thus required. The aim of this work is to put in evidence the possible scale reduction that can be achieved introducing model simplifications based on a practical engineering approach.
The Numerical Analysis of Screw-type Centrifugal Pumps with Different Rotary Impellers
Authors: Yue Wang , Jin Liu , Juan Xu , Gang Liu , Yuanming Zhang , Zongrui Hao
Published: October 2019

Screw-type centrifugal pumps with different rotary layers have been numerically simulated. Internal flow fields of Single-rotary impeller and double-rotary impeller are simulated by Reynolds Navier-Stokes function and k-ϵ viscous model. Stream lines, velocities, and pressure variations are calculated. The stream lines of impellers of two types show that the flow directions are significantly different. The flow distribution inside the pump chamber is approximately the same, and the flow rate is quite different. The pressure distribution of the single-rotary impeller is more uneven than the double-rotary impeller. With different rotary layers, the pressure range has a big difference. The mechanism that the internal flow field of single-rotary impeller pump differs from double-rotary impeller pump rotating layers causes such a large difference in the flow field is discussed.
Technology Research and Application on Catalyst Entire Life-cycle Management of Coal Fired Power Plant
Authors: Zhang Yang , Feng Qianwei , Li Sha , Li Cunwen , Pei Yukun , Zhu Yue
Published: October 2019

Along with the comprehensive promotion of flue gas ultra-low emission reconstruction in coal-fired power plants, the stability, reliability and economic efficiency of SCR denitrification facility have emerged. SCR catalyst entire life-cycle management is the key to solving the problem. Given the present situation of the catalyst market, operation and maintenance, third-party service, a SCR catalyst entire life-cycle management technology have been proposed, including catalyst supply, quality control, operation and maintenance, effect optimization, life management and scrap disposal in the entire life-cycle of catalyst. By clarifying the accountability units at different stages, implementing corresponding quality control, operation and maintenance and evaluation and optimization technology, demonstration application suggest that the management technology could give full play to the professional expertise of participant companies, make the denitrification facility stable, reliable and economical, and bring obvious environmental and economic benefit.
Application Research on Magnetic Coupling Stress Testing Technique for In-service Steel Bridge
Authors: Weng Guangyuan , Shi Yun , Zhang Yumin , Dai Jianbo
Published: October 2019

Magnetic effect of ferromagnetic materials was discussed, the magneto-mechanical properties of ferromagnetic materials were studied, as well, Jiles Atherton constitutive mode was studied. Through the establishment of concrete filled steel tubular arch bridge structure calculation model, analysis the boom in tension and compression of the magnetic coupling. Results show that the resultant magnetic coupling model of Q345 steel derrick, the boom and load changes, the change of the magnetic parameters is more sensitive, can be better applied to the stress testing of such components.
Multi-terminal electronic transport in boron nitride encapsulated TiS3 nanosheets
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikos , Flores Eduardo , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Ares Jose R , Sanchez Carlos , Ferrer Isabel J , Castellanos-Gomez Andres , Steele Gary A , van der Zant Herre S J
Published: October 2019

We have studied electrical transport as a function of carrier density, temperature and bias in multi-terminal devices consisting of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) encapsulated titanium trisulfide (TiS3) sheets. Through the encapsulation with h-BN, we observe metallic behavior and high electron mobilities. Below  ∼60 K an increase in the resistance, and non-linear transport with plateau-like features in the differential resistance are present, in line with the expected charge density wave (CDW) formation. Importantly, the critical temperature and the threshold field of the CDW phase can be controlled through the back-gate.
Lattice SUSY for the DiSSEP at λ2 = 1 (and λ2 = −3)
Authors: Johnston Desmond A
Published: October 2019

We investigate whether the dynamical lattice supersymmetry discussed for various Hamiltonians, including one-dimensional quantum spin chains, by (Fendley et al 2003 J. Phys. A
36, 12399424; Yang and Fendley 2004 J. Phys. A
37, 893748; Hagendorf and Fendley 2012 J. Stat. Phys.
146, 112255) and (Hagendorf et al 2013 J. Stat. Phys.
150, 60957; Hagendorf and Liénardy 2017 J. Phys. A
50, 185202; Hagendorf and Liénardy 2018 J. Stat. Mech. 033106) might also exist for the Markov matrices of any one-dimensional exclusion processes, which have the additional constraint of zero column sums by comparison with the spin chains. We find that the DiSSEP (Dissipative Symmetric Simple Exclusion Process), introduced by Crampe et al in (Crampe et al 2016 Phys. Rev. E
94, 032102; Vanicat [arXiv:1708.02440]), provides one such example for suitably chosen parameters. The DiSSEP Markov matrix admits the supersymmetry in these cases because it is conjugate to Ising (λ
2 = 1) and Δ = −1/2 XXZ (λ
2 = −3) spin chain Hamiltonians which also possess the supersymmetry. The consequences for the spectrum of the DiSSEP Markov matrix are discussed. We also note that the length-changing supersymmetry relation for the DiSSEP Markov matrix M

L
and the supercharge Q

L† for L sites,

M

L

Q

L
†

=

Q

L
†

M

L
−
1

, is reminiscent of a ‘transfer matrix’ symmetry that has been observed in other exclusion processes and discuss the similarity.
An interactive web-based tool to guide the preparation of neutron imaging experiments at oak ridge national laboratory
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Bilheux Jean-C , Bilheux Hassina Z , Lin Jiao Y Y
Published: October 2019

An interactive web-based tool has been developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to guide the end-user sample preparation for neutron imaging experiments. The tool is capable of estimating transmission through the sample using the cold neutron spectrum at the High Flux Isotope (HFIR) CG-1D imaging beamline. It can also predict the position and height of the resonance peaks at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) SNAP beamline when performing neutron resonance imaging with neutron energies higher than 1 eV. This tool provides robust and user-friendly sample input and utilizes measured/simulated beam spectrum at corresponding beamlines for accurate transmission/attenuation calculations. By using this tool, users who are interested in neutron imaging can test their ideas promptly and can better prepare samples for their experiments.
Impacts of 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming on regional rainfall and temperature change across India
Authors: Yaduvanshi Aradhana , Zaroug Modathir , Bendapudi Ramkumar , New Mark
Published: October 2019

The participating member nations in Paris at the 2015 convention of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) resolved to maintain the rise in global average temperature to a level much less than 2.0 °C compared to pre-industrial levels. It was also committed that the parties would continue with all-out endeavor to limit warming to 1.5 °C. For a country like India with a primarily agrarian economy this leads to two key questions. Firstly, what does the global rise of mean annual temperature (1.5 °C and 2.0 °C) mean at the regional scale? Secondly, what are the implications of keeping warming at or below 1.5 °C for different sectors and in particular on agriculture and water resources? To address these questions we have examined the annual and seasonal impacts of 1.5 °C and 2 °C global temperature rise (GTR) on temperature and rainfall change over all the states of India under two Representative concentration pathways, RCP 8.5 and RCP 4.5, using all Coupled Model Inter Comparison Project CMIP5 Models. Rainfall is projected to increase over all the states with very low change in the western part of the country and highest change in the North eastern and southern region of the country under RCP 8.5. 35% of the country is projected to witness a temperature change equal to or lesser than global mean temperature of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C whereas 65% is expected to show a greater rise in temperature. The most severe temperature change is expected to be witnessed by the presently colder Northern most states of India such as Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal (2.0 °C to 2.2 °C at 1.5 °C and 2.5 °C to 2.8 °C at 2.0 °C) in both RCPs. There are opportunities and threats due to climate change and it is imperative for researchers and policy makers to recognize these in the context of the scenarios of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global temperature changes. It is essential for the current national and state action plan on climate change and adaptation to be more sensitive in strategizing an efficient response to the different scenarios at the global level (3 °C, 2 °C and 1.5 °C) in order to take more informed policy decisions at global level in synergy with the regional analysis to be able to develop strategies that benefit the local populace.
Neuropsychological Test Performances and Depression in Early-Stage De Novo Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Honsey Blair N , Erickson Lauren O , Wyman-Chick Kathryn A
Published: October 2019

Objective

Evaluate neuropsychological test performance in depressed patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease.

Method

Data from 422 participants from the Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative were examined. The Geriatric Depression Scale-15 was used to categorize depressed and non-depressed participants. Neuropsychological tests measured verbal learning/memory, processing speed, visuospatial ability, verbal fluency, and working memory. Demographic and clinical variables were compared using independent samples t tests and chi-square analyses.

Linear regression models were fit to adjust for age, years of education, and symptom duration.

Results

The non-depressed group (n = 280) was significantly older; t(246.08) = 2.25, p = .026 and had higher education; t(420) = 2.35, p = .019; and longer duration of PD symptoms; t(170.58) = −2.13, p = .035 than the depressed group (n = 142). The non-depressed group performed better on a working memory task than the depressed group, t(420) = 2.05, p = .041, but the results did not appear to be of clinical significance. There was no significant difference between other cognitive domains. The results were not influenced by age, education, or disease duration.

Conclusions

Among patients with early-stage, untreated Parkinson’s disease, depression does not appear to affect neuropsychological test performance. Clinicians should demonstrate caution in over-interpreting the influence of depression on cognition in this population.
3D flow field estimation and assessment for live cell fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Manandhar Sandeep , Bouthemy Patrick , Welf Erik , Danuser Gaudenz , Roudot Philippe , Kervrann Charles
Published: October 2019

Motivation

The revolution in light sheet microscopy enables the concurrent observation of thousands of dynamic processes, from single molecules to cellular organelles, with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, challenges in the interpretation of multidimensional data requires the fully automatic measurement of those motions to link local processes to cellular functions. This includes the design and the implementation of image processing pipelines able to deal with diverse motion types, and 3D visualization tools adapted to the human visual system.

Results

Here, we describe a new method for 3D motion estimation that addresses the aforementioned issues. We integrate 3D matching and variational approach to handle a diverse range of motion without any prior on the shape of moving objects. We compare different similarity measures to cope with intensity ambiguities and demonstrate the effectiveness of the Census signature for both stages. Additionally, we present two intuitive visualization approaches to adapt complex 3D measures into an interpretable 2D view, and a novel way to assess the quality of flow estimates in absence of ground truth.

Availability and implementation

https://team.inria.fr/serpico/data/3d-optical-flow-data/

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Topological data analysis quantifies biological nano-structure from single molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Pike Jeremy A , Khan Abdullah O , Pallini Chiara , Thomas Steven G , Mund Markus , Ries Jonas , Poulter Natalie S , Styles Iain B
Published: October 2019

Motivation

Localization microscopy data is represented by a set of spatial coordinates, each corresponding to a single detection, that form a point cloud. This can be analyzed either by rendering an image from these coordinates, or by analyzing the point cloud directly. Analysis of this type has focused on clustering detections into distinct groups which produces measurements such as cluster area, but has limited capacity to quantify complex molecular organization and nano-structure.

Results

We present a segmentation protocol which, through the application of persistence-based clustering, is capable of probing densely packed structures which vary in scale. An increase in segmentation performance over state-of-the-art methods is demonstrated. Moreover we employ persistent homology to move beyond clustering, and quantify the topological structure within data. This provides new information about the preserved shapes formed by molecular architecture. Our methods are flexible and we demonstrate this by applying them to receptor clustering in platelets, nuclear pore components, endocytic proteins and microtubule networks. Both 2D and 3D implementations are provided within RSMLM, an R package for pointillist-based analysis and batch processing of localization microscopy data.

Availability and implementation

RSMLM has been released under the GNU General Public License v3.0 and is available at https://github.com/JeremyPike/RSMLM. Tutorials for this library implemented as Binder ready Jupyter notebooks are available at https://github.com/JeremyPike/RSMLM-tutorials.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Theorizing social media and activism: where is community development?
Authors: McCabe Angus , Harris Kevin
Published: October 2019

There is a growing public and academic debate on the societal impacts of the internet and, in particular, social media. For its proponents, social media is a force for change, which can challenge entrenched hierarchies, redistribute power, democratize information, support mass mobilization and contribute to the building of global movements. Increasingly such positivist arguments are being questioned. Critics argue that it has become a sinister force, facilitating the spread of ‘fake news’, providing an instrument for citizen surveillance and re-enforcing neoliberal hegemony. The community development literature has barely engaged in those debates around social media that appear urgent in other disciplines. Social media has been seen as a value-free tool for broadcasting and dissemination, and neither evaluated as a force for change nor examined as an instrument of neoliberal intents. Although there is a community development literature on neoliberalism and globalization, it often accepts these, rather than critiques them, as the contexts within which community development operates. Challenging established power imbalances and enhancing citizen participation in democratic processes are purposes central to community development values. Analysis of wider literature raises questions with regard to the values embedded in the technologies from which enhanced levels of participation and engagement are expected to flow. It also raises questions about who benefits most from the affordances of these technologies. This article, drawing on an extensive literature review, presents the case for community development values to be asserted in these debates.
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Tshepiso Cohort
Authors: Salazar-Austin Nicole , Cohn Silvia , Lala Sanjay , Waja Ziyaad , Dooley Kelly E , Hoffmann Christopher J , Chaisson Richard E , Martinson Neil
Published: October 2019

Background

Both pregnancy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increase the risk of tuberculosis disease, which results in poor maternal, pregnancy, and infant outcomes. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) reduces mortality among individuals living with HIV in high-burden settings but has recently been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes when initiated during pregnancy.

Methods

In this secondary analysis, we used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association between IPT exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes (fetal demise, prematurity, low birth weight, congenital anomaly) in pregnant women living with HIV enrolled as controls in the Tshepiso study, a prospective observational cohort of pregnant women living with HIV with and without tuberculosis disease in Soweto, South Africa, from 2011–2014.

Results

There were 151 women enrolled with known pregnancy outcomes; 69 (46%) reported IPT initiation during pregnancy. Of the 69 IPT-exposed women, 11 (16%) had an adverse pregnancy outcome compared with 23 (28%) IPT-unexposed women. The adjusted odds of having an adverse pregnancy outcome was 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.0–6.5; P = .048) times higher in IPT-unexposed women compared with IPT-exposed women after controlling for maternal age, CD4 count, viral load, antiretroviral regimen, body mass index, and anemia.

Conclusions

IPT exposure during pregnancy was not negatively associated with pregnancy outcomes after controlling for demographic, clinical, and HIV-related factors. These results provide some reassurance that IPT can be safely used in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Additional research is needed to evaluate the safety of IPT and new short-course tuberculosis preventive therapies during pregnancy.
Longitudinal Evidence for the Effects of Social Group Engagement on the Cognitive and Mental Health of Chinese Retirees
Authors: Lam Ben C P , Haslam Catherine , Steffens Niklas K , Yang Jie , Haslam S Alexander , Cruwys Tegan , Pachana Nancy A
Published: October 2019

Background

Research investigating the health benefits of social group participation in the retirement transition has provided little insight into the longitudinal effects on cognitive health and the generalizability of these relationships to non-Western samples. The present paper addresses these issues by examining the effects of social group engagement on the cognitive performance and depression symptoms of Chinese older adults followed over 4 years in their transition to retirement.

Methods

Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data, a sample of 1,297 Chinese seniors transitioning to retirement were followed between 2011 and 2013, and then 2 years later (in 2015) after retirement. Group-based social engagement was used to predict retiree cognitive performance and depression symptoms across time.

Results

After controlling for established demographic covariates and close relationship factors at baseline, social group engagement at baseline positively predicted overall cognitive performance and depression symptoms. Moreover, positive change in group engagement was associated with reduced decline in cognitive performance over the 4-year retirement transition period.

Discussion

The current findings demonstrate the generalizability of the health benefits of social group engagement to cognitive health and to a non-Western (Chinese) sample of retirees.
Improvements in seismic resolution and current limitations in the Global Seismographic Network
Authors: Ringler A T , Steim J , Wilson D C , Widmer-Schnidrig R , Anthony R E
Published: October 2019

Station noise levels play a fundamental limitation in our ability to detect seismic signals. These noise levels are frequency-dependent and arise from a number of physically different drivers. At periods greater than 100 s, station noise levels are often limited by the self-noise of the instrument as well as the sensitivity of the instrument to non-seismic noise sources. Recently, station operators in the Global Seismographic Network (GSN) have deployed several Streckeisen STS-6A very broad-band borehole seismometers. These sensors provide a potential replacement for the no-longer-produced Streckeisen STS-1 seismometer and the GeoTech KS-54 000 borehole seismometer. Along with showing some of the initial observational improvements from installing modern very broad-band seismometers at depth, we look at current limitations in the seismic resolution from earth tide periods 100 000 s (0.01 mHz) to Nyquist at most GSN sites (0.02 s or 50 Hz). Finally, we show the potential for improved observations of continuously excited horizontal Earth hum as well as the splitting of very long-period torsional modes. Both of these observations make use of the low horizontal noise levels which are obtained by installing very broad-band borehole seismometers at depth.
Conventional and High-Sensitivity Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test Performance in Two Transmission Settings: Haiti 2017
Authors: Rogier Eric , Hamre Karen E S , Joseph Vena , Plucinski Mateusz M , Presume Jacquelin , Romilus Ithamare , Mondelus Gina , Elisme Tamara , van den Hoogen Lotus , Lemoine Jean Frantz , Drakeley Chris , Ashton Ruth A , Chang Michelle A , Existe Alexandre , Boncy Jacques , Stresman Gillian , Druetz Thomas , Eisele Thomas P
Published: October 2019

Accurate malaria diagnosis is foundational for control and elimination, and Haiti relies on HRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) identifying Plasmodium falciparum in clinical and community settings. In 2017, one household and two easy-access group (EAG) surveys tested all participants (N=32,506) by conventional and high-sensitivity RDTs (cRDT/hsRDT). A subset of blood samples (n=1,154) were laboratory tested for HRP2 by bead-based immunoassay and for P. falciparum 18S rDNA by PET-PCR. Both RDT types detected low concentrations of HRP2 with sensitivity estimates between 2.6 and 14.6 ng/mL. Compared to the predicate HRP2 laboratory assay,, RDT sensitivity ranged from 86.3% to 96.0% between tests and settings, and specificity from 90.0% to 99.6%. In the household survey, the hsRDT provided a significantly higher number of positive tests, but this represented a very small proportion (<0.2%) of all participants. These data show an hsRDT may have limited utility in a malaria elimination setting like Haiti.
Evolution of Antibodies to Epitopes of PE_PGRS51 in the Spectrum of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Sakamuri Rama Murthy , Ryndak Michelle B , Singh Krishna Kumar , Laal Suman
Published: October 2019

Background

Intrafamily homology has impeded correlation of expression of individual PE_PGRS proteins with stage of tuberculosis (TB). We investigated the in vivo expression of PE_PGRS51, which has 3 unique regions.

Methods

Sera from patients across the spectrum of TB were used to screen peptide arrays spanning PE_PGRS51.

Results

Antibodies against a subset of conserved “core epitopes” within PE/PGRS domains are elicited during early TB. The epitope repertoire expands to adjacent regions with disease progression. Antiunique region antibodies appear only during cavitary TB.

Conclusions

Elicitation of antiunique region antibodies can serve as markers for in vivo expression of PE_PGRS proteins.
Forgotten metal stent (3 years) presenting with a high burden of intra- and extra-hepatic ducts stones and cholangitis
Authors: Lesetedi Chiapo , Motsumi Mpapho Joseph
Published: October 2019

Forgotten stents may lead to serious complications. We present a case report of a forgotten common bile duct (CBD) fully covered metal stent presenting with recurrent cholangitis. A 79-years-old female patient presented with a history of recurrent cholangitis. Past surgical history was notable for open cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis in 2016. Subsequently, she was found to have retained CBD stones in the same year. She had endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), during which a complete clearance of the stone was not achieved and she was stented with a completely covered metal stent. She was lost to follow-up until 2019. A differential diagnosis of cholangitis secondary to a blocked stent was made. At ERCP, she had intra- and extra-hepatic stones, which could not be removed. A plastic stent was deployed. She later had an open bile duct exploration with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Forgotten stents can lead to serious complications. An electronic stent follow-up registry is recommended.
Detection of the nearest Jupiter analogue in radial velocity and astrometry data
Authors: Feng Fabo , Anglada-Escudé Guillem , Tuomi Mikko , Jones Hugh R A , Chanamé Julio , Butler Paul R , Janson Markus
Published: October 2019

The presence of Jupiter is crucial to the architecture of the Solar system and models underline this to be a generic feature of planetary systems. We find the detection of the difference between the position and motion recorded by the contemporary astrometric satellite Gaia and its precursor Hipparcos can be used to discover Jupiter-like planets. We illustrate how observations of the nearby star ϵ Indi A giving astrometric and radial velocity data can be used to independently find the orbit of its suspected companion. The radial velocity and astrometric data provide complementary detections which allow for a much stronger solution than either technique would provide individually. We quantify ϵ Indi A b as the closest Jupiter-like exoplanet with a mass of 3 MJup on a slightly eccentric orbit with an orbital period of 45 yr. While other long-period exoplanets have been discovered, ϵ Indi A b provides a well-constrained mass and along with the well-studied brown dwarf binary in orbit around ϵ Indi A means that the system provides a benchmark case for our understanding of the formation of gas giant planets and brown dwarfs.
A semi-analytical model for secular dynamics of test particles in hierarchical triple systems
Authors: Lei Hanlun
Published: October 2019

In this work, a semi-analytical model is formulated up to an arbitrary order in the semimajor axis ratio of the inner and outer binaries to describe the long-term (secular) dynamics of test particles in hierarchical triple systems. The third-body disturbing function is expressed as a Fourier series, where the harmonic arguments are linear combinations of the perturber’s mean anomaly, and the test particle’s mean anomaly, longitude of the ascending node, and argument of pericentre. Based on the series expansion, it is straightforward to arrive at the secular equations of motion by directly eliminating those terms that are irrelevant to the long-term dynamics. When the perturbations are so strong that the system’s hierarchy is no longer high, the conventional double-averaged model fails to predict the long-term behaviours of test particles. To overcome the difficulty, we develop a corrected double-averaged model by taking into account the short-term effects within the orbital periods of the inner and outer binaries. The resulting averaged model is applied to Jupiter’s irregular satellites, and simulation results show that the corrected model can reproduce the behaviours on time-scales much longer than the orbital periods. Moreover, we retrieve a triple-averaged model and discuss the associated dynamics in the phase space. It is found that the Kozai resonance in the corrected model occurs at a higher inclination than that in the conventional model.
The H i bias during the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Xu Wenxiao , Xu Yidong , Yue Bin , Iliev Ilian T , Trac Hy , Gao Liang , Chen Xuelei
Published: October 2019

The neutral hydrogen (H i) and its 21 cm line are promising probes to the reionization process of the intergalactic medium (IGM). To use this probe effectively, it is imperative to have a good understanding on how the neutral hydrogen traces the underlying matter distribution. Here, we study this problem using seminumerical modelling by combining the H i in the IGM and the H i from haloes during the epoch of reionization (EoR), and investigate the evolution and the scale dependence of the neutral fraction bias as well as the 21 cm line bias. We find that the neutral fraction bias on large scales is negative during reionization, and its absolute value on large scales increases during the early stage of reionization and then decreases during the late stage. During the late stage of reionization, there is a transition scale at which the H i bias transits from negative on large scales to positive on small scales, and this scale increases as the reionization proceeds to the end.
Effects of metallicity on high-mass X-ray binary formation
Authors: Ponnada S , Brorby M , Kaaret P
Published: October 2019

The heating of the intergalactic medium in the early, metal-poor Universe may have been partly due to radiation from high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs). Previous investigations on the effect of metallicity have used galaxies of different types. To isolate the effects of metallicity on the production of HMXBs, we study a sample consisting only of 46 blue compact dwarf galaxies covering metallicity in the range 12+log(O/H) of 7.15–8.66. To test the hypothesis of metallicity dependence in the X-ray luminosity function (XLF), we fix the XLF form to that found for near-solar metallicity galaxies and use a Bayesian method to constrain the XLF normalization as a function of star formation rate for three different metallicity ranges in our sample. We find an increase by a factor of 4.45 ± 2.04 in the XLF normalization between the metallicity ranges 7.1–7.7 and 8.2–8.66 at a statistical significance of 99.79 per cent. Our results suggest that HMXB production is enhanced at low metallicity, and consequently that HMXBs may have contributed significantly to the reheating of the early Universe.
The matter fluctuation amplitude inferred from the weak lensing power spectrum and correlation function in CFHTLenS data
Authors: Lu Tianhuan , Haiman Zoltán
Published: October 2019

Based on the cosmic shear data from the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS), Kilbinger et al. obtained a constraint on the amplitude of matter fluctuations of σ8(Ωm/0.27)0.6 = 0.79 ± 0.03 from the two-point correlation function (2PCF). This is ≈3σ lower than the value 0.89 ± 0.01 derived from Planck data on cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. On the other hand, based on the same CFHTLenS data, but using the power spectrum, and performing a different analysis, Liu et al. obtained the higher value of $\sigma _8(\Omega _\mathrm{m}/0.27)^{0.64}=0.87^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$. We here investigate the origin of this difference, by performing a fair side-by-side comparison of the 2PCF and power spectrum analyses on CFHTLenS data. We find that these two statistics indeed deliver different results, even when applied to the same data in an otherwise identical procedure. We identify excess power in the data on small scales (ℓ > 5000) driving the larger values inferred from the power spectrum. We speculate on the possible origin of this excess small-scale power. More generally, our results highlight the utility of analysing the 2PCF and the power spectrum in tandem, to discover (and to help control) systematic errors.
GJ 357: a low-mass planetary system uncovered by precision radial velocities and dynamical simulations
Authors: Jenkins J S , Pozuelos F J , Tuomi M , Berdiñas Z M , Díaz M R , Vines J I , Suárez Juan C , Peña Rojas P A
Published: October 2019

We report the detection of a new planetary system orbiting the nearby M2.5V star GJ 357, using precision radial velocities from three separate echelle spectrographs, High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS), High Resolution Echelle Spectrograph (HiRES), and Ultraviolet and Visible Echelle Spectrograph (UVES). Three small planets have been confirmed in the system, with periods of 9.125 ± 0.001, 3.9306 ± 0.0003, and 55.70 ± 0.05 d, and minimum masses of 3.33 ± 0.48, 2.09 ± 0.32, and 6.72 ± 0.94 M⊕, respectively. The second planet in our system, GJ 357 c, was recently shown to transit by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), but we could find no transit signatures for the other two planets. Dynamical analysis reveals the system is likely to be close to coplanar, is stable on Myr time-scales, and places strong upper limits on the masses of the two non-transiting planets GJ 357 b and GJ 357 d of 4.25 and 11.20 M⊕, respectively. Therefore, we confirm the system contains at least two super-Earths, and either a third super-Earth or mini-Neptune planet. GJ 357 b  and  GJ 357 c are found to be close to a 7:3 mean motion resonance, however no libration of the orbital parameters was found in our simulations. Analysis of the photometric light curve of the star from the TESS, when combined with our radial velocities, reveals GJ 357 c has an absolute mass, radius, and density of $2.248^{+0.117}_{-0.120}$ M⊕, $1.167^{+0.037}_{-0.036}$ R⊕, and $7.757^{+0.889}_{-0.789}$ g cm−3, respectively. Comparison to super-Earth structure models reveals the planet is likely an iron-dominated world. The GJ 357 system adds to the small sample of low-mass planetary systems with well constrained masses, and further observational and dynamical follow-up is warranted to better understand the overall population of small multiplanet systems in the solar neighbourhood.
Neutron star radius measurement from the ultraviolet and soft X-ray thermal emission of PSR J0437−4715
Authors: González-Caniulef Denis , Guillot Sebastien , Reisenegger Andreas
Published: October 2019

We analysed the thermal emission from the entire surface of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0437−4715 observed in the ultraviolet and soft X-ray bands. For this, we calculated non-magnetized, partially ionized atmosphere models of hydrogen, helium, and iron compositions and included plasma frequency effects that may affect the emergent spectrum. This is particularly true for the coldest atmospheres composed of iron (up to a few per cent changes in the soft X-ray flux). Employing a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, we found that the spectral fits favour a hydrogen atmosphere, disfavour a helium composition, and rule out iron atmosphere and blackbody models. By using a Gaussian prior on the dust extinction, based on the latest 3D map of Galactic dust, and accounting for the presence of hot polar caps found in the previous work, we found that the hydrogen atmosphere model results in a well-constrained neutron star radius ${R_{\rm NS}}= 13.6^{+0.9}_{-0.8}{\, {\rm km}}$ and bulk surface temperature ${T_{\rm eff}^{\infty }}=\left(2.3\pm 0.1\right){\times 10^{5}}{\, {\rm K}}$. This relatively large radius favours a stiff equation of state and disfavours a strange quark composition inside neutron stars.
Region-specific transcriptomic and functional signatures of mononuclear phagocytes in the epididymis
Authors: Battistone Maria A , Mendelsohn Alexandra C , Spallanzani Raul German , Brown Dennis , Nair Anil V , Breton Sylvie
Published: October 2019

In the epididymis, prevention of autoimmune responses against spermatozoa and simultaneous protection against pathogens is important for male fertility. We have previously shown that mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) are located either in the epididymal interstitium or in close proximity to the epithelium. In the initial segments (IS), these ‘intraepithelial’ MPs extend slender luminal-reaching projections between epithelial cells. In this study, we performed an in-depth characterisation of MPs isolated from IS, caput–corpus and cauda epididymis of CX3CR1EGFP+/− mice that express EGFP in these cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed region-specific subsets of MPs that express combinations of markers traditionally described in ‘dendritic cells’ or ‘macrophages’. RNA sequencing identified distinct transcriptomic signatures in MPs from each region and revealed specific genes involved in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, phagosomal activity and antigen processing and presentation. Functional fluorescent in vivo labelling assays showed that higher percentages of CX3CR1+ MPs that captured and processed antigens were detected in the IS compared to other regions. Confocal microscopy showed that in the IS, caput and corpus, circulatory antigens were internalised and processed by interstitial and intraepithelial MPs. However, in the cauda only interstitial MPs internalised and processed antigens, while intraepithelial MPs did not take up antigens, indicating that all antigens have been captured before they reached the epithelial lining. Cauda MPs may thus confer a stronger protection against blood-borne pathogens compared to proximal regions. By identifying immunoregulatory mechanisms in the epididymis, our study may lead to new therapies for male infertility and epididymitis and identify potential targets for immunocontraception.
Retrotransposons spread potential cis-regulatory elements during mammary gland evolution
Authors: Nishihara Hidenori
Published: October 2019

Acquisition of cis-elements is a major driving force for rewiring a gene regulatory network. Several kinds of transposable elements (TEs), mostly retrotransposons that propagate via a copy-and-paste mechanism, are known to possess transcription factor binding motifs and have provided source sequences for enhancers/promoters. However, it remains largely unknown whether retrotransposons have spread the binding sites of master regulators of morphogenesis and accelerated cis-regulatory expansion involved in common mammalian morphological features during evolution. Here, I demonstrate that thousands of binding sites for estrogen receptor α (ERα) and three related pioneer factors (FoxA1, GATA3 and AP2γ) that are essential regulators of mammary gland development arose from a spreading of the binding motifs by retrotransposons. The TE-derived functional elements serve primarily as distal enhancers and are enriched around genes associated with mammary gland morphogenesis. The source TEs occurred via a two-phased expansion consisting of mainly L2/MIR in a eutherian ancestor and endogenous retrovirus 1 (ERV1) in simian primates and murines. Thus the build-up of potential sources for cis-elements by retrotransposons followed by their frequent utilization by the host (co-option/exaptation) may have a general accelerating effect on both establishing and diversifying a gene regulatory network, leading to morphological innovation.
Emotional demands, compassion and mental health in social workers
Authors: Kinman G , Grant L
Published: October 2019

Background

Compassion, described as the act of providing care based on empathy, dignity and respect, is intrinsic to effective health and social care. Although delivering compassionate care has wide-ranging benefits for service users, more insight is needed into its effects on health and social care professionals. The emotional demands of ‘helping’ work can engender compassion fatigue that may impair well-being, whereas compassion satisfaction and feelings of compassion towards the self could be protective.

Aims

To examine the effects (direct and indirect) of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and self-compassion on mental health in a cohort of social workers.

Methods

We used validated scales to measure emotional demands, compassion satisfaction and fatigue, and self-compassion and the General Health Questionnaire-12 to assess mental health. We tested the main and moderating effects of emotional demands and the three facets of compassion using hierarchical regression analysis.

Results

The study sample comprised 306 social workers (79% female). Participants who reported higher levels of compassion satisfaction and self-compassion tended to report better mental health, whereas compassion fatigue was a significant risk factor for well-being. The models explained 44–53% of the variance in mental health symptoms. We found some evidence that compassion satisfaction and self-compassion buffer the negative effects of emotional demand on mental health, contributing 2 and 3%, respectively, to the incremental variance.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that evidence-based interventions are needed to reduce compassion fatigue and enhance compassion satisfaction and self-compassion in social care work. We consider ways to accomplish this using targeted interventions.
Factors Influencing the Size and Duration of School Varicella Outbreaks in Shanghai, China, in the Era of Voluntary Single-Dose Vaccination
Authors: Wu Qiangsong , Zhang Linwei , Liu Jingyi , Chen Yuanfang , Zhou Qi , Xuan Zeliang , Hu Yi
Published: October 2019

Varicella outbreaks continue to occur in schools. We assessed potential factors associated with the size and duration of 560 school-based outbreaks in Shanghai, China. Outbreaks occurring in primary and middle schools involved more cases and had longer durations, and conducting postexposure prophylaxis campaigns was an effective strategy for outbreak control.
Comparative Effectiveness of Embedded Mental Health Services in Pain Management Clinics vs Standard Care
Authors: Gillman Andrea , Zhang Di , Jarquin Susan , Karp Jordan F , Jeong Jong-Hyeon , Wasan Ajay D
Published: October 2019

Objective

Embedded behavioral medicine services are a common component of multidisciplinary chronic pain treatment programs. However, few studies have studied whether these services are associated with improved treatment outcomes.

Methods

Using a retrospective, matched, two-cohort study design, we examined patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System pain, mental health, and physical function measures, collected at every clinic visit in every patient. Changes from baseline through 12 months were compared in those receiving embedded Behavioral Medicine in addition to usual care to a Standard Care group seen in the same pain practice and weighted via propensity scoring.

Results

At baseline, Behavioral Medicine patients had worse scores on most pain, mental health, and physical health measures and were more likely to be female, a member of a racial minority, and have lower socioeconomic status. Regardless of having a worse clinical pain syndrome at baseline, at follow-up both Behavioral Medicine (N = 451) and Standard Care patients (N = 8,383) showed significant and comparable improvements in pain intensity, physical function, depression, and sleep disturbance. Behavioral Medicine patients showed significantly greater improvements in their global impressions of change than the Standard Care patients.

Conclusions

Despite worse pain and physical and psychological functioning at baseline, Behavioral Medicine patients showed improvements comparable to patients not receiving these services. Further, Behavioral Medicine patients report higher global impressions of change, indicating that embedded mental health services appear to have the additive value of amplifying the benefits of multimodal pain care.