bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HER2 status is positively associated with vessel invasion of colorectal cancer: a retrospective large cohort study.
Authors: Wang Mingdian , Wang Xiang , Li Yiwei , Li Qingguo , Cai Sanjun , Li Xinxiang , Ma Maoguang
Published: March 2022

Purpose HER2 positive colorectal cancer was drew increasing attention in recent years, accumulated evidence showed HER2 positive metastatic colorectal cancer could benefit from HER2 targeted therapy. While HER2 expression and the relationship between HER2 status and clinicopathological characteristics of overall colorectal cancer remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HER2 expression in colorectal cancer and compare the clinicopathological features between HER2 positive and HER2 negative colorectal cancer.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 3910 primary colorectal cancer patients treated in our institution from January 2016 to December 2019. Pathology reports after surgery were collected to provide information about HER2 status and other clinicopathological characteristics.Results We identified 3347 HER2 negative and 79 HER2 positive colorectal cancer patients in our cohort. Chi-square test showed that vessel invasion was significantly more common in HER2 positive colorectal cancer patients. Crude analysis showed HER2 positive was associated with vessel invasion in colorectal cancer [OR and 95% CI 0.534 (0.341, 0.835), p=0.006]. After adjusting for N stage, a significant association was still observed between HER2 status and vessel invasion in colorectal cancer [OR and 95% CI 0.550 (0.322, 0.941), p=0.029].Conclusion Our findings indicate that the rate of HER2 positivity in colorectal cancer was relatively low and HER2 status was strongly associated with vessel invasion in colorectal cancer patients.
Perioperative Improvements for Changing the Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Surgical Approach
Authors: Motono Nozomu , Ishikawa Masahito , Iwai Shun , Iijima Yoshihito , Uramoto Hidetaka
Published: March 2022

BackgroundVideo-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) procedures for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have steadily increased and become the gold standard, but the prognostic advantage compared to thoracotomy has not been elucidated. This study retrospectively evaluated perioperative characteristics of VATS for NSCLC over time.MethodsWe collected the clinical data of 760 patients with NSCLC who underwent pulmonary resection over the last decade, classifying patients into early (2011–2015) and late (2016–2020) periods. Changes in NSCLC patient characteristics, surgical approaches, perioperative factors, postoperative morbidities, and prognoses were analyzed.ResultsPatients in the late period were older (p = 0.01), had more comorbidities (p = 0.01), and had earlier-stage cancer (p < 0.01) than those in the early period. The late period had significantly fewer operative procedures for lobectomy or more (p < 0.01), open thoracotomies (p < 0.01), postoperative (p = 0.02) and severe morbidities (p < 0.01), and a significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay than the early period. Operative procedures of lobectomy or more (p < 0.01) were significant risk factors for postoperative morbidity, and being in the early period (p < 0.01) and operative procedures of lobectomy or more (p < 0.01) were significant risk factors for severe postoperative morbidities. The overall survival prognosis significantly differed between the groups (p = 0.02), but progression-free survival did not (p = 0.89).ConclusionThe incidence of postoperative morbidities decreased over time in older patients and patients with more comorbidities. The prognosis of patients with NSCLC did not change with increasing VATS or sublobar resection.Trial registration: ﻿The Institutional Review Board of Kanazawa Medical University approved the protocol of this retrospective study (approval number: I392), and written informed consent was obtained from all patients.
Thermally activated flux flow and inter-granular coupling properties in (Bi, Pb)-2223 superconductor added with ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Aftabi Ali , Mozaffari Morteza
Published: March 2022

In high-temperature ceramic superconductors, vortices motion is caused by the strong thermal fluctuations due to the thermally activated flux flow (TAFF). The TAFF impedes the transport properties and critical current density of superconductors. It has been reported that the addition of nanoscale impurities can create artificial pining centers that may improve flux pinning capability and inter-granular coupling in ceramic superconductors. Here, the effects of different amounts (0.0 to 1.0 wt%) of ZnO nanoparticles on the TAFF behavior and zero temperature activation energy of the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ superconducting phase have been studied using the modified TAFF model. Moreover, the impacts of the additive on the inter-granular traits and the Josephson coupling energy of the superconducting phase have been investigated using AC susceptibility measurements. Results indicate that the vortex phases for all composites are divided into three vortex regions, but the temperature ranges in each region are different for various amounts of the additives. A vortex glass to vortex liquid transition at Tg was obtained from the analysis. The vortex liquid region is divided into the critical and TAFF ones. It was found that the TAFF region is shifted to the higher temperatures and gets narrower by adding the ZnO nanoparticles up to 0.2 wt%. The Tg increases from 93.8 K for the ZnO free sample to 101.0 K for the sample with 0.2 wt% ZnO nanoparticles. In addition, the zero temperature activation energy (U0/KB) increases from ~ 0.4×105 K for the ZnO free sample to ~ 1.4×105 K for the sample with 0.2 wt% ZnO nanoparticles and then decreases for higher values of additive. Moreover, it was found that the Josephson coupling energy Ej increases from ~ 0.037 eV for ZnO free sample to ~ 0.130 eV for the sample with 0.2 wt% additives. These results point out the significant improvement of the flux pinning capability and inter-granular coupling of the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ superconducting phase with the addition of the 0.2 wt% ZnO nanoparticles.
Effect of Defatted Rice Bran Supplementation on Metabolic Parameters and Inflammatory Status in Overweight/obese Adults with Hypercholesterolemia, a Randomised, Placebo-controlled Intervention
Authors: Saphyakhajorn Weeraya , Sirirat Rawiwan , sapwarobol suwimol
Published: March 2022

Background: Defatted rice bran (DRB), a by-product of rice bran oil production is a rich source of fiber, protein and antioxidant compounds that may pose beneficial effects on metabolic profiles. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of DRB supplementation on anthropometric, blood biochemical indices, dietary intake and inflammatory status in overweight/obese subjects with hypercholesterolemia.Methods: In a 12-week-randomized placebo-controlled trial, 61 overweight/obese participants with a total cholesterol (TC) level >200 mg/dL were randomly assigned either to 30 g/d DRB (n = 30) or to 10 g/d maltodextrin (n = 31).Results: DRB intervention significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 4.27% and 4.50 %, respectively (126.20±13.63 to 120.60±13.72 mmHg, p = 0.0003 and 80.87±7.38 to 77.17±9.83 mmHg, p = 0.0035). HbA1c also decreased significantly by 3.59% (5.89±0.76 to 5.66±0.62%, p = 0.0001) after DRB supplementation. Total cholesterol, TG and LDL-c levels also decreased insignificantly by 3.12, 1.32 and 1.53% after DRB supplementation. Insignificant differences of FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, hs-CRP and homocysteine levels after DRB intervention were also observed. Reduction in caloric and fat intake were reported in DRB groups.Conclusions: DRB supplementation improved blood pressure and HbA1C levels. It also lowers blood cholesterol, albeit insignificantly. Caloric and fat intake were also significantly lower after DRB supplementation. Further study is needed to evaluate the mechanisms by which DRB improve these metabolic indices.Trial registration: Thai Clinical Trial Registration number is TCTR20191020003. Registered 20 October 2019, https://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/.
How variation in risk allele output and gene interactions shape the genetic architecture of schizophrenia
Authors: Kasap Merve , Dwyer Donard S.
Published: March 2022

Schizophrenia is a highly heritable polygenic psychiatric disorder. Characterization of its genetic architecture may lead to a better understanding of the overall burden of risk variants and how they determine susceptibility to disease. A major goal of this project was to develop a modeling approach to compare and quantify the relative effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), copy number variants (CNVs) and other factors. We derived a mathematical model for the various genetic contributions based on the probability of expressing a combination of risk variants at a frequency that matched disease prevalence. The model included estimated risk variant allele outputs (VAOs) adjusted for population allele frequency. We hypothesized that schizophrenia risk genes would be more interactive than random genes and we confirmed this relationship. Gene-gene interactions may cause network ripple effects that spread and amplify small individual effects of risk variants. The modeling revealed that the number of risk alleles required to achieve threshold for susceptibility will be determined by the average functional locus output (FLO) associated with a risk allele, the risk allele frequency (RAF), the number of protective variants present and the extent of gene interactions within and between risk loci. The model can account for the quantitative impact of protective variants as well as CNVs on disease susceptibility. The fact that non-affected individuals must carry a non-trivial burden of risk alleles suggests that genetic susceptibility will inevitably reach threshold for schizophrenia at a recurring frequency in the population.
Proteomic analysis of low- and high-grade human colon adenocarcinoma tissues and tissue-derived primary cell lines reveals unique biological functions of tumours and new protein biomarker candidates
Authors: Munro Matthew J , Wickremesekera Susrutha K , Tan Swee T , Peng Lifeng
Published: March 2022

Background: Colon cancer is the third most common cancer and second highest cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The aim of the study was to find new biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic drug targets for this disease.Methods: Four low-grade and four high-grade human colon adenocarcinoma tumours with patient-matched normal colon tissues were analysed. Additionally, tissue-derived primary cell lines were established from each tumour tissue. The cell lines were validated using DNA sequencing to confirm that they are a suitable in vitro model for colon adenocarcinoma based on conserved gene mutations. Label-free quantitation proteomics was performed to compare the proteomes of colon adenocarcinoma samples to normal colon samples, and of colon adenocarcinoma tissues to tissue-derived cell lines to find significantly differentially abundant proteins. The functions enriched within the differentially expressed proteins were assessed using STRING. Proteomics data was validated by Western blotting. Results: A total of 4767 proteins were identified across all tissues, and 4711 across primary tissue-derived cell lines. Of these, 3302 proteins were detected in both the tissues and the cell lines. On average, primary cell lines shared about 70% of proteins with their parent tissue, and they retained mutations to key colon adenocarcinoma-related genes and did not diverge far genetically from their parent tissues. Colon adenocarcinoma tissues displayed upregulation of RNA processing, steroid biosynthesis during tumour initiation and immune system responses and detoxification during tumour progression, downregulation of cytoskeletal organisation and loss of normal muscle function. Tissue-derived cell lines exhibited increased interferon-gamma signalling and aberrant ferroptosis. Overall, 318 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 362 proteins down-regulated by comparisons of high-grade with low-grade tumours and low-grade tumour with normal colon tissues from both sample types. Conclusions: The differences exhibited between tissues and cell lines highlight the additional information that can be obtained from patient-derived primary cell lines. DNA sequencing and proteomics confirmed that these cell lines can be considered suitable in vitro models of the parent tumours. Various potential biomarkers for colon adenocarcinoma initiation and progression and drug targets were identified and discussed, including ten novel markers ACSL4, ANK2, AMER3, CAV3, EXOSC6, EXOSC6, GCLM, LDB3, MUC5B and TRFC.
Dynamic walking of multi-humanoid robots using BFGS Quasi-Newton method aided Artificial potential field approach for uneven terrain
Authors: Kashyap Abhishek kumar , Parhi Dayal R
Published: March 2022

The humanoid robot garners paramount interest because of its ability to mimic human-like behavior in real-time environments. In this paper, a hybridized Artificial Potential Field (APF)-Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shanno (BFGS) Quasi-Newton technique is being proposed for the trajectory planning of the humanoid robot. The proposed methodology combines the faster local search BFGS Quasi-Newton method with the global search APF method for an efficient and faster-hybridized trajectory planning technique. The humanoid robot herein is being tested in a multi-humanoid working space having uneven surfaces. The data obtained from the sensors concerning the location of obstacles and the target are at first imparted to the APF method, which supplies an intermediate turning angle dependent on the predesigned training model of the APF method. The obtained turning angle is then fed into the BFGS quasi-newton method to produce an optimum turning angle, which inevitably guides the humanoid robots to the target by keeping a minimum safe distance from the obstacles. Multi-humanoid robots are employed in an environment having random static obstacles, with unique targets for them to reach. The proposal of using a multi-humanoid system arises the chance of inter-collision among the humanoids. To get rid of this situation, the dining philosophers controller is being implemented. The simulations and experiments are carried using the proposed technique to ratify the efficacy of the proposed technique. The experimental and simulation results yield a suitable acceptance rate under 5 %. In comparison with the previously used navigational technique, it proves to be comfortably skillful and robust for the trajectory planning of the humanoid robot.
A hybrid model integrating Elman neural network with variational mode decomposition and Box-Cox transformation for monthly runoff time series prediction
Authors: Kang Yan , Zhang Fangqin , Cheng Xiao , Chen Peiru , Song Songbai
Published: March 2022

Precise and reliable monthly runoff prediction plays a vital role in optimal management of water resources but non-stationarity and skewness of monthly runoff time series can pose major challenges for developing appropriate prediction models. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel hybrid prediction model based on Elman neural network (Elman), variational mode decomposition (VMD) and Box-Cox transformation (BC), named VMD-BC-Elman model. Firstly, the observed runoff is decomposed into sub-time series using VMD for the better frequency resolution. Secondly, the input datasets were transformed into normal distribution using Box-Cox, and as a result, skewedness in the data was removed and the correlation between the input and output variables enhanced. Finally, Elman is used to simulate the respective sub-time series. The proposed model is evaluated using monthly runoff time series at Zhangjiashan, Zhuangtou and Huaxian hydrological stations in Wei River Basin in China. The model performances are compared with those of single models (SVM, Elman), decomposition-based (VMD-SVM, VMD-Elman et.al) and BC-based models (BC-SVM and BC-Elman) by employing four metrics. The results show that the hybrid models outperform single models, and VMD-BC-Elman model performs best in all considered hybrid models with NSE greater than 0.95, R greater than 0.98, NMSE less than 4.73%, and PBIAS less than 0.39% in both training and testing periods. The study indicates that VMD-BC-Elman model is a satisfactory data-driven approach to predict the non-stationary and skewed monthly runoff time series, representing an effective tool for predicting monthly runoff series.
Semi-local Bounds on Null Energy in QFT
Authors: Fliss Jackson R. , Freivogel Ben
Published: March 2022

We investigate whether the null energy, averaged over some region of spacetime, is bounded below in QFT. First, we use light-sheet quantization to prove a version of the ``Smeared Null Energy Condition" (SNEC) proposed in [1], applicable for free and super-renormalizable QFT's equipped with a UV cutoff. Through an explicit construction of squeezed states, we show that the SNEC bound cannot be improved by smearing on a light-sheet alone. We propose that smearing the null energy over two null directions defines an operator that is bounded below and independent of the UV cutoff, in what we call the ``Double-Smeared Null Energy Condition," or DSNEC. We indicate schematically how this bound behaves with respect to the smearing lengths and argue that the DSNEC displays a transition when the smearing lengths are comparable to the correlation length.
Effectiveness of topical therapy of secondarily infected atopic dermatitis in children
Authors: Malanicheva T. G. , Ziatdinova N. V.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. In present day conditions, atopic dermatitis is characterized by an early onset, persistent relapsing course, development of complications and has certain difficulties in treatment. Nowadays, in unfavourable environmental context and irrational use of antibiotics, bacterial and fungal infection is one of the factors leading to the aggravation of atopic dermatitis, which plays an important role in maintaining a chronic inflammatory process in the skin.Aim. To improve methods for treating atopic dermatitis complicated by fungal and bacterial infection in children by using non-steroidal activated zinc pyrithione drug (in the form of 0.2% cream or 0.2% aerosol), which has antimicrobial and antifungal, as well as anti-inflammatory effects.Materials and methods. 46 children aged 1 to 3 years with complicated forms of atopic dermatitis were observed. They used activated zinc pyrithione drug applied topically as part of the complex antiallergic therapy.Results and discussion. The on-going therapy resulted in a positive clinical effect in 69.5% of cases and the achievement of a stable remission of the disease on average on the 16th day from the start of therapy. The results of cultural bacteriological and mycological examination were negative in 78.1% of cases. The one-year dynamic follow-up of children showed that 53.1% had a stable remission of the disease, and 28.1% of children had exacerbations observed after treatment, which were characterized by a lower intensity of clinical manifestations.Conclusions. The introduction of a nonsteroidal activated zinc pyrithione drug (0.2% cream or 0.2% aerosol) as topical monotherapy in the complex treatment of atopic dermatitis complicated by secondary fungal and bacterial infection showed high clinical efficacy.
Immunostimulating therapy and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections in children
Authors: Starostina L. S.
Published: March 2022

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) have been holding leading positions in terms of prevalence rates in all age groups for much longer than one year, accounting for more than 70%. World Health Organization experts note that ARI is the most common group of diseases in the human population. Back in 1995, D.J. Rowlands stated in his publication that the average person has ARI for a total of about two years during his life. The published report “On the state of the sanitary and epidemic well-being of the population in the Russian Federation, 2017” showed that the acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) and influenza rate has increased by 9.3% over the past 6 years, more than 20% of the population have ARVI annually and children of younger age groups account for 70–80% among them. The annual economic damage from the burden of influenza and SARS is estimated at more than 500 billion roubles. The use of drugs that can prevent the spread of ARI, prevent attachment of secondary bacterial infections, reduce the need for prescribing systemic antibacterial drugs will allow to reduce the antibiotic resistance in microbes. However, the existing medicinal products are mainly represented by vaccines and antiviral drugs against influenza in almost complete absence of drugs against other ARI pathogens. In 2013, the World Health Organization launched the BRaVE initiative to expand treatment options for ARVI with the development of effective antivirals against the most significant pathogens and/or safe and effective biological response modifiers.The article is devoted to the challenge of treatment and prevention of ARI in children, the therapeutic potential of a plant preparation containing aloe extract. The data presented in the clinical results review of the use of this drug prove the feasibility and safety of its introduction in the ARI treatment and prevention regimens in children.
Possibilities of allergic reaction therapy in pediatric practice
Authors: Zakirova A. M. , Malanicheva T. G. , Mansurova G. Sh. , Sadrieva L. N. , Kadriev A. G. , Serdinskaya I. N. , Rashitova E. L. , Kliushkina A. I. , Zaripov I. R. , Kadriev D. A.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Allergic diseases are a global medical and social problem due to the adverse effect on the physical, psychological and social state of a person. The basic principle of pharmacological therapy of acute allergic diseases is acute urticaria, angioedema (Quincke) – control/elimination of syndromic complexes.Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the antihistamine dimetindene in the treatment of acute allergic reactions in children.Materials and methods. We analyzed 36 patients aged 3 to 17 years with diagnoses of acute urticaria and acute urticaria with angioedema in a state of moderate severity. Patients felt a violation of the general condition – malaise (88.89%), chills/fever (5.56% and 8.34%, respectively), joint pain (2.78%). All patients underwent general clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination with subsequent analysis of the data obtained. To assess the response to treatment, UAS 7, the CU-Q2oL quality of life questionnaire were used.Results and discussion. The article discusses the main aspects of acute urticaria and angioedema, as the most common nosological forms in patients with atopy. The features of antihistamine therapy and its influence on the stages of the inflammation process are analyzed. The level of eosinophilia in the general blood test (median and interquartile range) was 6.5% (1.3%; 19.1%). An increase in total IgE was recorded in 80.56% of patients. The burden of allergic history was revealed in 86.12% of patients. By the end of the 1st day of treatment, symptoms were absent in every tenth patient (χ2 = 1.2461, p = 0.0865), remained in everyfifth child (χ2 = 53.6152, p = 0.0057) and significantly decreased in 2/3 children under study (χ2 = 59.6281, p = 0.0062). By the end of the 3rd day of therapy with dimetindene in the complex of treatment of acute urticaria and angioedema, a statistically significant improvement in clinical dynamics was recorded (χ2 = 102.1364, p = 0.0041) in the combined assessment of symptoms in 4/5 of the subjects and a decrease in discomfort associated with sleep in the overwhelming majority of the subjects (χ2 =51.4627, p = 0.0036).Conclusion. As a result of our own research on the use of dimetindene in patients with acute allergic reactions, it was shown that dimethindene has characteristics that meet the requirements for the exposure of the therapeutic effect, the level of effectiveness and the safety profile.
Allergic rhinitis in children: a comprehensive approach to treatment
Authors: Kamaev A. V. , Trusova O. V. , Kamaeva I. A. , Liashenko N. L.
Published: March 2022

Prevalence of allergic rhinitis among chronic upper respiratory diseases in pediatrics is one of highest. Beside anti-inflammatory drugs (topical steroids, antileukotrienes, antihistamines), reliever therapies are important too in treatment of allergic rhinitis. Decongestant prescription in children should lasts no more than 7–10 days; combination of alpha1-adrenomimetic with topical antihistamines is one of possible ways to improve the efficacy, for example, the combination of dimetindene maleate with phenylephrine as nasal drops. We present the results of retrospective evaluation of 625 patients aged from 0 to 17 years with allergic rhinitis, diagnosed not less than 12 month ago. Among examined group, mild allergic rhinitis prevalence was 56.9%, moderate 37.2% and severe 5.9%. During the year all patients experienced 1754 exacerbations (on average, 2.79 ± 1.13 exacerbations per patient). Contact with allergen (35.3%) and respiratory infections (28.8%) were more prevalent reasons of exacerbation; non-specific trigger provocation (pungent smells, air humidity or temperature change etc.) (19.8%) and unknown reason (16.4%) of allerhttps://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-1-184-189 gic rhinitis exacerbation were less prevalent. When treated with combined nasal drops of dimetindene maleate and phenylephrine median [Q25; Q75] duration of exacerbation was a bit shorter 7.94 [6.25; 17.15] days, than using other decongestants, but difference was statistically insignificant. Combined nasal drops were maximal clinically efficient among patients under 12 years old with exacerbations, caused by allergens contacts. We did not register any adverse events caused by decongestant treatment, during our study. Patients with allergic rhinitis should be provided with written action plan for the disease exacerbation. Using as reliever therapy combined nasal drops (dimetindene maleate and phenylephrine) registered for patients from 1 year old, decrease number of medicines and reduce allergic rhinitis exacerbations duration.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for the prevention of reactive arthritis relapse in children
Authors: Chelpachenko O. E. , Danilova E. I. , Chainikova I. N. , Sumenko V. V. , Ivanova E. V.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The results of numerous studies indicating the relationship between the development of reactive arthritis (ReA) and the disturbance of the intestinal microbiocenosis give rise to interest in commensal microorganisms that make up the intestinal microbiota as potential initiators of immune-dependent inflammatory diseases of the joints. In this regard, the question of the expediency of using probiotic preparations for the correction of ReA patients intestinal microflora is of practical interest.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG (LGG) in the preventive treatment of children with ReA to prevent the development of relapses.Materials and methods. Clinical and microbiological study included 60 patients with ReA from 3 to 17 years old, who were divided into two groups, 30 children each. Patients of the group 1 received courses of treatment with LGG in the inactive phase of the disease. Patients of the group 2 (comparison group) were not treated with probiotic. The criteria for the effectiveness of treatment were the number of relapses of ReA during follow-up observation for 1 year; dynamics of intestinal microbiocenosis condition according to the following parameters: indicator of microbial contamination (IMC) of intestinal microsymbionts; ability to biofilm formation (BF); levels of lactoferrin and lysozyme in coprofiltrates.Results. In patients treated with LGG, relapses of arthritis were significantly less frequent during 12 months of prospective observation relative to the comparison group. Patients of the group 1 showed positive dynamics of the state of intestinal microbiocenosis: a decrease in the severity of dysbiosis, a decrease of lactoferrin and lysozyme level in coprofiltrates, IMC and BF of opportunistic microorganisms against the increase IMC and BF in bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.Conclusions. The use of LGG in the treatment of children with ReA in the inactive phase of the disease contributes to the correction of intestinal microbiocenosis disorders and reduces the number of arthritis relapses.
Development of premature IVF babies with extremely low birth weight: clinical observation (summary review)
Authors: Merzlyakova D. R. , Khafizova N. R. , Vakhitova G. A. , Imaeva L. R. , Shangareeva Z. A. , Farrakhova G. F.
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, when the number of couples affected by infertility increases significantly, the issue of the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is particularly important. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the ART that is used most frequently due to its high positive results. Priority status initially was accorded by the researchers to quantitative indicators, and the health of children born as a result of ART was analysed extremely rarely. At the present time, all the risks of using ART are being assessed. Despite the success of the procedure, there are times when children are born prematurely. In Russia, starting from 2012 all children born after 24 weeks of gestation and weighing more than 500 grams are legally regarded as human beings and must be provided with life-saving medical care. Observations show that such children have significant health problems: the most serious damage is caused to the nervous system, respiratory organs, and visual system. The article describes cases of premature IVF babies with critically low birth weight and reviews their further development. Approaches to the management of premature IVF babies should be based on the awareness of the problems of extreme morphofunctional immaturity, individual selection of habilitation programs. Observations should be comprehensive (involving narrow specialists according to indications), which plays an important role in the subsequent development of children. If the management of such babies is arranged properly, their health status improves significantly, and physiological parameters achieve close to “normal” standards.
Assessment of antenatal risk factors for the formation of congenital defects of the development of the urinary system in children
Authors: Sergeeva E. V. , Nee A. , Shumatova T. A. , Bykova O. G. , Prikhodchenko N. G. , Zernova E. S.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. In the Russian Federation, the number of new cases of congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities reported among children from birth to 14 years of age each year is over 1,000 per 100,000 population. Therefore, the urgency of the problem of diagnosis and prevention of congenital malformations does not admit of doubt.Purpose of the study. To study the influence of antenatal risk factors on the formation of the urinary system’s congenital malformations in children.Materials and methods. The study carried out by the “case – control” method. The main group included 126 mothers who gave birth to children with kidney and urinary tract defects, and the control group included 40 women with healthy children. The assessment of the results reliability the obtained carried out by calculating the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval.Results. The most significant factors in the formation of malformations of the urinary system were: the age of mothers over 35 years old (OR 3.264, 95% CI: 1.079–9.875), a burdened obstetric history (OR 2.380, 95% CI: 1.012–5.594), a burdened gynecological anamnesis (OR 2.825, 95% CI: 1.319–6.051), preeclampsia (OR 2.910, 95% CI: 1.057–8.010), exacerbation of opportunistic infections during pregnancy (OR 2.833, 95% CI: 1.103–7.280), the presence of chronic placental insufficiency (OR 3.413, 95% CI: 1.405–8.290), passive smoking during pregnancy (OR 2.711, 95% CI: 1.110–6.618), a burdened nephrological history in the mother (OR 3.462, 95% CI: 1.148–10.442), the presence of neurocirculatory dystonia (OR 4.703, 95% CI: 1.062–20.822). The work revealed the role of folate metabolism genes polymorphisms in the formation of kidney defects. In addition, a reliable relationship between the development of kidney and urinary tract defects with the absence of pregravid preparation was found, as well as untimely intake of folic acid preparations.Conclusions. The study made it possible to identify the most significant factors of the antenatal period, influencing the development of congenital malformations of the urinary system. The results obtained must be taken into account at the stages of planning pregnancy in an outpatient setting.
Local antibiotic therapy options for treating acute rhinosinusitis in children
Authors: Karpishchenko S. A. , Vereshchagina O. E. , Teplova E. O.
Published: March 2022

The article presents various types of acute rhinosinusitis progression in pediatric practice depending on the duration of the disease, based on the available modern consensus papers and clinical guidelines. The main clinical terminology of the nosological forms of rhinosinusitis was determined, and aspects of their differential diagnosis and stages of the treatment were studied. The authors provided insight into disease pathogenesis, taking into account literature review data on the spectrum of the most common bacterial agents of the nose and paranasal sinuses pathologies. The available data on the treatment of rhinosinusitis are summarized from the perspective of consensus papers and modern clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the use of which for the prescription of treatment is the most important quality criterion for medical care provided. A clinical case of the treatment of acute bacterial uncomplicated rhinosinusitis in a 12-year-old child is described. In this case, an aerosolized form of topical antibiotic therapy combined with a mucolytic component was used as a drug of choice alongside with the standard irrigation-elimination therapy and nasal decongestants, which gives an advantage in achieving the maximum effective concentration of the active substance at the site of inflammation. A drug with a mucoactive effect helps to decrease mucus viscosity and discharge, and at the same time facilitates the entry of an active substance into the tissues and inhibits bacterial adhesion to the epithelium of the respiratory tract. Antibacterial component – thiamphenicol, a derivative of chloramphenicol with a mechanism of action associated with inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis has a broad spectrum of action and a maximum degree of accumulation and action in the site of inflammation due to the method of delivery to the epithelium of the respiratory tract.
Peculiarities of mucoactive therapy in pediatric practice
Authors: Lokshina E. E. , Zaytseva O. V.
Published: March 2022

Cough is one of the most common symptoms in daily pediatric practice. Clinical presentation of cough in children may vary from a slight cough that has almost no impact on well-being and behaviour, to a strong, painful one that disrupts sleep and overall health status, which significantly worsens the child’s quality of life. Cough is a multidisciplinary problem due to a wide variety of causes, that’s why in the clinical pediatric practice there are certain difficulties in verifying the diagnosis, especially in children with prolonged cough, and in selecting the optimal treatment. The need for mucoactive therapy and the choice of a drug primarily depend on the cause and nature of the cough, the features of the development of the cough reflex in childhood, as well as the mechanisms of action of the drugs used. The main purpose of mucoactive drugs is to restore mucociliary clearance and effectively eliminate secretions from the respiratory tract, but apart from them some drugs have a few additional properties. The article presents the main causes of acute and chronic cough in children and considers the modern therapy options to treat cough. Ambroxol is one of the most commonly used mucoactive drugs to treat cough in children due to its pronounced mucolytic, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity, as well as stimulation of surfactant synthesis. Ambroxol has been shown to have efficacy and favourable safety profile in numerous international and Russian studies. A wide choice of dosage forms, which provide different routes of medication administration, allows to use Ambroxol in children with acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases from an early age.
LA CARIDAD PUNTO DE ENCUENTRO: EL DIÁLOGO ENTRE SABERES PARA POTENCIAR LAS ACTIVIDADES DE PROYECCIÓN SOCIAL
Authors:   Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Colombia, Gañán Rojo Piedad
Published: March 2022

En los últimos años las actividades de proyección social se han incrementado. Para adelantarlas es preciso contar tanto con una metodología que permita alcanzar el objetivo propuesto con una visión multidisciplinar de la problemática a la que se espera brindar una solución. Se debe contar para ello con un sentido práctico, pero siempre teniendo presente que las intervenciones se realizan con y en pro del bienestar de otro y evitar que sean consideradas meros indicadores de gestión. Este último aspecto puede ser particularmente complejo cuando las personas con enfoques más técnicos como ingenieros, arquitectos o diseñadores participan o lideran estas acciones. Para conciliar estos puntos y concebir iniciativas que efectivamente logren desarrollo sin detrimento de la condición humana, es posible soportarse en autores que como el Papa Emérito Benedicto XVI reconocen la interrelación entre caridad y técnica. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de las encíclicas Deus caritas est (DCE) y Caritas in Veritate (CIV) a través del cual se busca identificar claves o elementos que puedan servir de base para ejecutar este tipo de proyectos con una visión más integral del hombre.
CLAVES HERMENEUTICAS PARA UNA REFLEXIÓN TEOLÓGICA
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Bentué Antonio
Published: March 2022

Resumen Este artículo intenta mostrar el proceso histórico experimentado por la hermenéutica aplicada al mensaje bíblico, en la dialéctica entre la postura tradicionalista y la inculturación adaptadora de la Palabra, tal como lo postula el Vaticano II. Mostrando la necesidad de esa inculturación a partir de tres características hermenéuticas fundamentales: el carácter salvífico (DV 11), jerarquizado (UR 11) y analógico (DV 12) de la Palabra revelada.
Development of a Simple, Rapid, and Economical Method for Extraction
and Isolation of 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic Acid from the Resins of
Boswellia serrata
Authors: Beldar Vishal Gokul , Jadhao Manojkumar , Laddha Kirti
Published: March 2022

Background:

Boswellia serrata is an important species from the Boswellia genus,
which contains a variety of significant phytoconstituents. Numerous applications of the B. Serrata
have been mentioned in the literature of the Indian ayurvedic system. Researchers reported abundant
pharmacological activities of B. Serrata resins extract. The extract produces synergistic
pharmacological activity due to the presence of the Boswellia acids and their derivatives. Among
all Boswellia acids, 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) was found to be more potent.
Traditionally, column chromatography was used for the isolation of AKBA from raw material as
well as extracts. However, the column chromatography method was monotonous and timeconsuming.

Objective:

The main goal of the research was to develop a new, simple, rapid, and reproducible
method for the isolation of AKBA from the resin extract of B. Serrata.

Methods:

The extraction and isolation of AKBA involved extraction of resins using hydroalcoholic
solution followed by alkali treatment. The alkali solution was further treated with acid to
precipitate the crude AKBA.

Results:

The obtained crude AKBA was subjected to the dry column vacuum chromatography to
separate and yield the high purity of the AKBA. The purity of the isolated AKBA was established
by TLC & UHPLC. Spectral characterization of the isolated compound was performed by employing
IR, MS, and NMR.

Conclusion:

The proposed method can be used to isolate AKBA from resin extract of B. Serrata.
Some modifications in this method lead to the large-scale production of highly pure AKBA for
various pharmaceutical applications.
Tangeretin: A Biologically Potential Citrus Flavone
Authors: Murti Yogesh , Agrawal Krishn Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background:

Flavonoids are plant-derived chemicals found naturally in various parts of
plants. They are an important component in a broad range of nutraceuticals because of their antimutagenic,
antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. Tangeretin, an example of the
flavone class of flavonoid compounds, is found in tangerine and other citrus fruit peels. It is a natural
constituent with vast pharmacological activities and is extensively found in numerous fruits or
fruit juices.

Objective:

The goal of the study was to gather information on tangeretin as well as its pharmacological
characteristics.

Method:

Electronic databases like Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of
Science were thoroughly searched for tangeretin, properties, and uses.

Result:

A total of 80 articles were reviewed in the present study covering current trends of research
and development on tangeretin. Tangeretin's chemistry along with its source, extraction methods,
and pharmaceutical importance, are exhaustively compiled here.

Conclusion:

On the basis of the literature survey, it can be concluded that tangeretin has a great potential
to become an active drug molecule in various ailments.
Advances in Magnetic Polymeric Styrene-divinylbenzene Nanocomposites
between Magnetite and Maghemite Nanoparticles: An Overview
Authors: Lima Mendes Matheus de Souza , Araujo Ayla Bastos , Neves Márcia Angelica Fernandes e Silva , Pedrosa Marcelo Sierpe
Published: March 2022

Superparamagnetic nanoparticles, such as magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), have been used to produce magnetic nanocomposites with several polymeric matrices including mag-netic styrene-divinylbenzene nanocomposites. Through the incorporation of these nanoparticles, the nanocomposite presents superparamagnetism, low coercivity, and high magnetic susceptibility. Due to these features, magnetic nanomaterials can be removed from the site where they are inserted through an external magnetic field, thus distinguishing them from conventional systems such as those used to treat oily water, which require expensive chemical agents for removal. These properties de-pend directly on the size distribution of the nanoparticles and the presence or absence of interactions between the surface of the polymeric matrix and the contaminants. These materials have many appli-cations. The objective of this article is to present a bibliographic review of the state-of-the-art evolu-tion of magnetic styrene-divinylbenzene nanocomposites over the years. According to the reports in the literature, these systems are superior to those applied conventionally in the sectors of biotechnol-ogy, agriculture, oil/gas, and nuclear chemistry, mainly for the removal of toxic metals from aqueous media.
The Chasm Of Persistent Food Calorie Intake Deficiency of Proleatrians In Nigeria's Northern State: A Perception Or A Reality?
Authors: Sadiq Sanusi , Makarfi Ahmed , Singh Invinder
Published: March 2022

Food calorie deficiency due to poor purchasing power has been a nightmare affecting labour efficiency and productivity of the proletarians. The worsening state of the general price level with direct consequences on the purchasing power has relinquished the regional workforce to the ebb income class, thus facing-out the known middle-income class, a characteristic of this working class. Thus, based on this crux, this research was conducted to establish whether the chasm of the regional state civil servants retrogression into the trough-income category is real or a myth. A total of 375 sampled respondents were obtained through a multi-stage sampling procedure and valid data were sequestrated via structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. It was established that a large chunk of the regional workforce fell below the recommended food security threshold level both energy and expenditure dimensions. Besides, an evidence of a significant and positive correlation was found to exist between the two-dimensions of food security. In addition, household size was observed to be the major driver of food security status in the studied area. Furthermore, it was established that the food security gap between the secured and unsecured owes to interaction effect in the case of calorie intake; and structural effect termed food security discrimination in the dimension of expenditure. Consequently, this is a clarion call on the policymakers to improve on the mechanisms that regulate the macroeconomic policies, especially the multiplier factor that drives inflation, thus containing the food insecurity plaguing its labour force. This intervention will not only be a plus for labour efficiency and productivity enhancement, but leverage for economic growth and development in both the region and the country in general.
Non-Farm Enterprises and Secondary Child Schooling In Indonesia
Authors: Susilo Hendrawan , Satria Dias
Published: March 2022

This study aims to examine the influence of ownership of non-farm enterprises by households on child participation in a secondary school in Indonesia; this area of research has received scant attention in recent times. This paper uses the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) data set that contains different levels of data, ranging from individual-level data to community-level data for the analysis. Using a binomial logistic regression model, this study finds that the ownership of non-farm enterprises generally increases the likelihood of children's participation in secondary education, especially senior high school. Further estimation using propensity score matching demonstrates that households with non-farm enterprises tend to have higher spending on school expenses than those that do not have non-farm enterprises.
Enough with the Caricatures: Now is the Time for Solidarity
Authors: Toonders Janneke
Published: March 2022

This book review discusses Ashley J. Bohrer's book Marxism and Intersectionality: Race, Gender, Class and Sexuality under Contemporary Capitalism. The author explores the possible connections between Marxism and intersectionality, in order to construct a framework that would be capable of challenging the systems of domination as they are produced under contemporary capitalism. By considering their histories and debates, Bohrer attempts to formulate a possible shared future for the two schools of thought.
The Dark Underbelly of Capitalism: Exploring the Capitalism-War Connection
Authors: Nijenhuis Marius
Published: March 2022

Review of Maurizio Lazzarato (2021) Capital Hates Everyone. Fascism or Revolution. Los Angeles: Semiotext(e) Interventions.
Rejecting Animal Exploitation: A Case for Interspecies Solidarity
Authors: Wijnandts Yvette
Published: March 2022

Review of Katerina Kolozova (2020) Capitalism’s Holocaust of Animals: A non-Marxist critique of capital, philosophy and patriarchy. Bloomsbury Publishing.