bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Water-Rock Interaction and Two-Dimensional Seepage Field of Tunnel
Authors: Jing Shao Dong , Xu Shuai Ling , Wang Chao Guo
Published: June 2014

Researches show that groundwater easily leads to tunnel disease. Groundwater seepage field is changed after the tunnel excavated. When crossing the fault fracture zone with groundwater, the tunnel will be cut into independent units with water. Along with the tensile stress on the tunnel invert and upper apex, it's prone to landslides and other damages. This paper analyzes the mechanism of interaction of water and rock, and describes the failure mechanism made by groundwater on the rock by RFPA2D, then analyzes the changes of groundwater seepage field before and after the tunnel excavation by using Rocscience Slide, finally the conventional Inflow prediction methods are contrasted.
Research on Stormwater Catchments Delineation in Urban Area Based on DEM
Authors: Zhang Hai Ping , Hao Cai Xia , Yang Guo Li , Ma Dong Mei
Published: June 2014

Catchments delineation is important for urban storm sewer design, traditional manual delineation depends on the experience and is time consuming. With consideration of features like roads and streams that affect catchments dynamics, a GIS-based delineation approach is presented. Using sink filling, reconditioning and hydro analysis method, the catchments can be delineated automatically and precisely based on digital elevation models (DEM).
The Modular Design Concept of Decentralized Sewage Reuse Equipment and its Application
Authors: Xiao Zhi Wei , He Jia , Qi Nan , Wen Jia Peng , Chen Xiu Bo , Wang Chang Xing
Published: June 2014

With biofilm reactor and continuous membrane filtration as the core, this paper proposes to establish biochemical module and membrane processing module, which can from the biofilm - membrane filtration process. In the part of biochemical module, diverse processing function can be realized by adjusting the operation conditions of the pumps and fans. Meanwhile, the number and operation condition of biochemical module could be changed flexibly according to the actual processing needs. Thereby, the standardization and generalization of biochemical module can be achieved. And in the part of membrane processing module, the processing capacity can also be expanded through frequency converting control and increasing the number of membrane module. An engineering project of decentralized sewage reuse is built, and the outlet water quality can reach the expected standard, which suggests that the modular design concept has good feasibility.
Coordination Degree Assessment Model for Regional Industrial Water Utilization Structure
Authors: Chen Jing , Yan Da Wei
Published: June 2014

More reasonable management for water resources use may be critical to survive water crisis and realize sustainable development of urban-water system. This work attempts to set up a assessment model for regional industrial water utilization structure based on synergetics theory and grey method. In this model, both economic benefit and environmental effect are considered.
Effect of Nano-Fe2O3/Goldmine Complex on Dyeing Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Hua Jun Feng , Zhang Min Dong , Huang Mei
Published: June 2014

Nano-Fe2O3/goldmine complex was obtained by chemical coprecipitation on the surface of goldmine waste-solid. And its application as the heterogeneous catalyst in Fenton-like advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) was discussed for the degradation of dyeing wastewater. It was found that advanced oxidation processes play an important role to the removal of dyeing wastewater. And the best removal rate of 15400mg/L dyeing wastewater reached up to 63.1% with the presence of 50g/L dosage of nano-Fe2O3/goldmine complex and 50mL/L concentration of H2O2 at 50°C with pH=3.
Discussion on Security Problem of Water Quality of Urban Water Supply in China
Authors: Sun Hao Sen , Yang Dong , Lou Zai Qiang , Zhang Yun Ting
Published: June 2014

The security problem of water quality is the most important problem of the urban water supply and must be solved in China.The article discusses this question,analyzes its influence factors and puts forward several targeted measures.This article has important guiding significance and practical value for solving the security problem of water quality of urban water supply.
Models of Water Strategy Based on Linear Regression
Authors: Huang Li Guo , Yin Li
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we build a water resources strategy model based on the supply and demand balance to meet the projected water needs of China in 2025. By using the linear regression analysis and curve fitting method, a reliable forecast of water demand of China in 2025 is made. According to the purpose of water consumption, we divide water demand into four parts. By analysis the relationship between impact factors and water demand, we propose a linear model and predict that the future’s water demand quantity is much more than the total water supply. At last, we pose some suggestions for solving the imbalance between water demand and supply produced by the above model.
An Experimental Study of Three Dimensional Flow Structures for Effect of Crossflow on Central Discharge of Wastewater
Authors: Dong Zhi Yong , Yu Guo Liang , Zhao Yu Ying
Published: June 2014

Effects of crossflow on flow field structures of central discharge were experimentally investigated in the flume. For the sake of comparing and analyzing, longitudinal velocity u, vertical velocity w and transverse velocity v in the near field of central discharge were measured by Micro ADV in stagnant and crossflow waters, respectively. Velocity vectors and velocity profiles on the planes of xoy, yoz and xoz were given. Effects of crossflow on three-dimensional flow structures of central discharge jet were analyzed. The experimental results showed that a phenomena of flow around object occurred when crossflow encountered central discharge jet, which bended jet trajectory downward. The maximum velocity of jet deviated the original location, the deviation depends on initial velocity at the discharge outlet and crossflow velocity.
Numerical Simulation of Soil Temperature Field around the Rural Water Supply Pipe in Severe Cold Area
Authors: Bai Li , Wang Yan , Liu Xiao Long
Published: June 2014

On the basis of the establishment of the physical model of shallow buried water supply pipe with external thermal insulation layer unsteady heat transfer , using the Matlab-PDE toolbox for solving. Analyzing the operation of shallow buried insulating water supply pipe and temperature field around the soil changes over time. Results show that this kind of shallow buried and thermal insulation layer of the water supply pipe run three months, the temperature of the outer wall of the insulation layer is 3 ℃ and it can basically solve frost heave phenomena of water supply pipe running in winter.
Immobilization of BiFeO3 on Silica Fiber and its Photocatalytic Application
Authors: Wu Qiang , Han Ruo Bing , Chen Peng Fei
Published: June 2014

Uniform immobilization of BiFeO3 on silica fiber was successfully obtained by a combined impregnation method with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) template route. The physicochemical properties of the obtained material were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. It turned out that BiFeO3 immobilized on silica fiber can exhibit visible light photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) to some extents. It is expected that such kind of material would possess many potential applications in photocatalysis.
Design of a Four-Effect Desalination Demonstration Plant Using Waste Heat from a Diesel Engine
Authors: Zhang Feng Ming , Feng Dong Dong , Yang Wei , Pei Xiao Bin , Chen Shun Quan , Xu Shi Ming
Published: June 2014

The advantages and disadvantages of the conventional desalination methods were discussed. A four-effect desalination demonstration plant using waste heat from a diesel engine was designed. Not only the water yield but also the physical dimension of the distiller has been calculated under the operating condition. The analysis of energy consumption shows that the desalination system is low-cost.
Comparison on Permanganate and Ozone as Pre-Oxidation Agents
Authors: Sun Hong Wei
Published: June 2014

Comparative study on permanganate and ozone as pre-oxidation agents were performed on pilot scale with traditional drinking water treatment process, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), UV254, turbidity, trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) were examined at each reactor’s effluent. The results show that at pre-oxidation reactor, the total organic remained stable after by the two agents, while for UV254, pre-ozonation has a removal rate of 34%, comparing that of 17% by permanganate. At the sedimentation process, 0.4 mg/L permanganate improves the removal rate of turbidity and COD by 0.99 % and 8.4%, respectively; while a positive COD removal of 11.8 % was achieved by 0.9 mg/L pre-ozonation, and an average of-10.08% turbidity removal was achieved at applied dosage (0.5, 0,9 and 1.5 mg/L), which can be made up for in the followed sand filtration reactor. Both permanganate and pre-ozonation show higher removal rate of THMFP for the finished water.
Effects of Humic Acid on Surface Characteristics and Hydrodynamic Properties of Alum-TiO2 NPs Flocs
Authors: Gong Feng , Zhang Li Zhu , Wang Li , Peng A Jing
Published: June 2014

In order to understanding of the fate and transport of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in the water treatment process, this study focused on the particle surface characteristics and hydrodynamic properties at different humic acid (HA) concentration, using aluminum sulfate (AS) as a coagulant. The changes of zeta potential of humic acid capped TiO2 NPs and flocs were measured by Malvern Zetasizer nanoZS. The surface functional group of flocs was investigated using FT-IR spectra. The growth velocity of alum-TiO2 NPs flocs were determined using a small-angle light scattering technique during the coagulation process.Experimental results indicated that the zeta potential of alum-TiO2 NPs flocs surface after adsorption of humic acid was related with humic acid concentration. Adsorption of humic acid resulted in more negative electrophoresis on the surface. Size and growth velocity of alum-TiO2 NPs flocs were estimated at different humic acid concentration. It was found that the flocs growed were faster in the presence of humic acid, while humic acid had adverse influences on the growth of alum-TiO2 NPs flocs.
A Process Integration Approach to Water Conservation of a Coal to Methanol Plant Water System
Authors: Zhang Ran , You Hong , Wu Dong Hai
Published: June 2014

A case study of water using network of a coal to methanol plant was under taken with an aim to reduce freshwater consumption, and the accumulated water pinch was employed for minimization of freshwater consumption. The problem was identified as a single contaminant, reuse directly problem. The limiting constraint (i.e. COD) was identified based on the investigation of water quality. A nearest neighbor algorithm (NNA) was used to distribute the fresh water and reuse water among each of operations. The results showed that the flow rates of freshwater and wastewater could be decreased by 24.2% and 86.7%, respectively.
Study on the Relationship between Canal System Conveyance Efficiency and Basic Physical Parameters of Gravity Irrigation Districts
Authors: Jia Hong Wei , Hu Ke Ke , Su Fei
Published: June 2014

Canal system conveyance efficiency (CSCE ) is a basic parameter of engineering construction and water management of the irrigation districts, either the response of operation status of an irrigation canal system. It plays great significance in searching quantity relationship between ICSCE and other basic parameters reflecting the condition of irrigation engineering. This paper, gravity irrigation districts in Zhejiang province as an example, sets up the relationship between basic parameters such as irrigation canal lining rate, canal flow and the CSCE, based on determining the CSCE in 61 typical gravity irrigation districts. And it also reflects the influence of basic parameters on CSCE, having a certain accuracy. This result plays a positive role on the further research and actual work on CSCE.
Evaluation Research of Rural Potable Water Supply Project Construction in Shaoxing
Authors: Xu Hang , Zhao Peng Tao
Published: June 2014

Shaoxing has used three water supply models, i.e. urban water supply network extension, township water factory centralized water supply, and mountain area scattered independent water supply, to improve the drinking water conditions for its 2.075 million rural dwellers. Nevertheless, there still exist problems in its water supply systems, such as difficulties in protecting water sources, small and scattered operating entities, and uneven water supply facilities and water qualities. This dissertation therefore brings forward countermeasures such as optimizing project planning and layout, implementing standardized renovation and improvement, practicing the most stringent water resources protection system, and establishing and improving the management system and testing network.
The Damage Detection of Pressure Pipe Based on the Statistical Pattern Recognition Theory
Authors: Zhao Su Min , He We She , Chang Shuang Mei , Cheng Yu Qiang
Published: June 2014

Based on the statistical pattern recognition theory, the AMRA timing analysis methods are used in the article, through the combination of long autoregressive model residuals method and the least squares method the model parameters are estimated, and a system model is established. By using mean control chart method the vibration information and feature of the pressure pipe are extracted and selected, so whether the pressure pipes is damaged can be judged effectively. The simulation results show that structural abnormalities test method of the mean value ,which is Based on the recognition theory of statistical pattern, can accurately diagnose structural damage detection state ,the injury degree and damage location, it has a very strong sensitivity
Problems and Solutions in the Design of Rainwater Pipe Networks
Authors: Wang Xin Wen
Published: June 2014

At present, there is more storm waterlogging in our urban, one of the main reasons is that there are many disadvantages in rainwater pipe network design, this paper in the pipe network design must be reasonable to determine the ground water runoff coefficient, The ground water time, reduction coefficient, catchment area and position and quantity of gully according to the measured data, and appropriately increasing the recurrence interval according to the actual in engineering, hydraulic calculation as much as possible to select data sets larger diameter, accurate calculation time of flow, to reduce the urban storm waterlogging fundamentally.
A Brief Review on Post-Project Environmental Appraisals of Dam Projects and Recommendations for China
Authors: Chen Ang , Sui Xin , Wang Dong Sheng , Liao Wen Gen , Tao Jie
Published: June 2014

This paper mainly reviews the regulations, laws and policies on Post-project Environmental Appraisals of dam projects formulated in the world. In addition, handbooks and guidelines for PPEA were also collected and analyzed from evaluation contents, procedures, methods and latest approaches. International experiences were listed and defragged to compare with China, suggestions were given to complete Chinese EIA and PPEA system.
Effect of Artificial Grassland Establishing on the Vegetation Restoration in the Degraded Ecosystem
Authors: Sun Tie Jun
Published: June 2014

Experiment was executed to plant Bromus inermis artificially in the degraded ecosystem, and study effect of grass planting on vegetation restoration. The results indicated that natural vegetation restored rapidly in the degraded ecosystem in two years after grass planted. But species diversity changed little in the early period of vegetation restoration, while vegetation biomass, coverage and anti-interference improved quickly. In addition, species number and important value of perennial grasses increased while those of annual grasses decreased. Then community composition with annual plants mainly changed gradually into that with perennial plants mainly after Bromus inermis planted. However, overground biomass and coverage of restored vegetation and dominance of Bromus inermis planted decreased after vegetation cut once a year. And species diversity and important value of annual grasses increased. Thus it could be good for uniformity of species distribution and stability of community composition and structure to develop.
Experimental Research on Electric Analogy of Staged Fracturing of Horizontal Wells Flooding
Authors: Lv Guang Zhong , Zhang Jiang Qiao
Published: June 2014

An electrolytic simulation experiment was designed according to the water and electricity resembling principle. The pressure contour distribution and the effects of the productivity of the fractured horizontal well were experimentally studied under the flooding. The equal pressure lines around horizontal wells were elliptic, and the equal pressure lines were Parallelled distribution in the fracture of horizontal well, Flow states was unidirectional flow, indicating staged fracturing of horizontal well by improving Percolation way greatly reduce seepage resistance. Under the experimental conditions, staged fracturing horizontal waterflooding development best combination of parameters: row and staggered well pattern, penetration ratio of horizontal section was 0.8, the number of fractures should be 6 (fracture space was 91m), penetration ratio of fracture was 0.25, the angle between the fracture and horizontal well is 90 degree. The importance ranking of productivity was horizontal length, the number of fractures (fracture space ),fracture length, he angle between the fracture and horizontal well and well-pattern type.
Research on Wind Erosion of Xilamuren Grassland, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Gao Tian Ming , Zhang Rui Qiang , Guo Jian Ying
Published: June 2014

In northern China, grassland has degraded severely and wind erosion occurs remarkably due to irrational land use in recent years. By employing sand sampler and mobile wind tunnel, an observation for 6 years was made to analyze the mechanisms of wind erosion in Xilamuren grassland, the central of Yinshan Mountains, Inner Mongolia. Results show that: (1) vegetation is the decisive factor for controlling wind erosion and the inhibiting effect of vegetation height on wind erosion is greater than that of vegetation coverage. (2) Wind erosion modulus in the initial period of enclosure reaches 1313.7 t km-2a-1 and with the improvement of the grassland vegetation, wind erosion decreases year by year. (3) For every 1000 kg soil eroded by wind, 15 kg organic matter, 227g available nitrogen, 262g available phosphorus and 120g available potassium lose in the region at the same time, being a tremendous fertility loss. Therefore, the protection of base grassland and restoration of degraded grassland are two fundamental approaches to control wind erosion on the grassland.
Effects of Nitrogen Enrichment and Clonal Integration on the Expansion of Alternanthera philoxeroides in Aquatic Habitats
Authors: Ding Wen Juan , Zhang Hua Yong
Published: June 2014

This study examined the effects of nitrogen enrichment and clonal integration on the growth and expansion process from terrestrial to aquatic habitats of the amphibious and invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides. The clonal fragments of A. philoxeroides were subjected to three nitrogen levels of 10/3, 10 and 30 mg/l N with the stolon connections either severed or left connected. The results suggested that nitrogen enrichment increased the clonal growth and expansion of A. philoxeroides in aquatic habitats. Clonal integration supports the expansion of A. philoxeroides from terrestrial to aquatic environments. And A. philoxeroides will be more invasive in nitrogen enriched waters due to the synergistic effects of nitrogen enrichment and clonal integration.
Characteristics of Organic Phosphorus in a Shallow Lake Gehu investigated by Sequential Fractionation and 31P-NMR Technicals
Authors: Zhang Yi Min , Chen Jing , Gao Yue Xiang , Wang Long Mian , Yang Fei
Published: June 2014

Organic phosphorus in sediments of lake Gehu in China was investigated and researched via two methods: chemical fractionation and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results of chemical fractionation suggested that concentration of each organic phosphorus species in different sediments may varied highly since different condition, but showed a rank trend : residual Po> HCl-Po> Fulvic-Po> Humic-Po>NaHCO3-Po. Labile and moderately labile Po , regarded as potential P , contributed to 33.6% to 64.6% relative to total Po, which can be degraded for phytoplankton. 31P-NMR results suggested that the rank order of P species presented in NaOH-EDTA extractants of sediments: orthophosphate> monoester-P> DNA-P> pyrophosphate-P, and polyphosphate and phosphonate were almost not detected.
Studies on Community Diversity of Spore-Forming bacteria at Soil of Swamping Wetland in WuLiangSuHai
Authors: Shao Yu Qin , Zhao Ji , Cao Wei Wei , Lu Jia Yin , Li Jing Yu
Published: June 2014

This study used plate count method to analyze the composition of the Spore-forming bacteria community in the soil in swamping wetland, alkaline land, and desert belt, all of which grow in the upstream, midstream and downstream of swamping wetland of Wuliangsuhai. In this process, the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index were used to analyze the index of diversity (H), the index of evenness (J), the index of richness (R) and the index of dominance (D) of the Spore-forming bacteria community. The results showed that: the diversity index of in soil of the swamping wetland and desert belt was the highest in the midstream, second in the upstream, and lowest in the downstream; that in soil of the alkaline land was the highest in the midstream, second in the downstream and lowest in the upstream, and showed significant differences between in the midstream and downstream and in upstream; that in soil of the desert belt showed significant differences between in the upstream and downstream and in midstream; in the same area, in the desert belt soil of Spore-forming bacteria more than swamping wetland and alkaline land.
Research on the Ecological Slope Protection with Aqueous Polymer Soil Stabilizer
Authors: Liu Jin , Lu Yi , Zhang Fa Ming , Qi Chang Qing , Sun Shao Rui
Published: June 2014

In this paper, a technology of ecological slope protection with aqueous polymer soil stabilizers is introduced. A clayey soil slope located in the Nanjing Pukou area in China is taken as a test field and a kind of aqueous polymer soil stabilizer, namely STW, are used. STW is developed by the research group of authors. The test field is divided into four regions based on the slope gradient, and one of regions, as a contrasting area, is no any soil stabilizer. The implementing process of this technology is also presented. The field test indicates that STW polymer soil stabilizer are very effective for improving the water-stability and anti-erosion of the soil slope and promoting the vegetation growth on the slope and is worth popularizing for water-soil prevention in the slope areas due to its simple implementation, low cost and ecological protection effect. Finally, the ecological slope protection mechanism of the aqueous polymer soil stabilizers is discussed.
Effects of Warm Water Discharge from Sanmen Nuclear Power Plant on Filtration Behavior, Calcification Rate, and Ammonia Excretion of Razor Clam, Sinonovacula constricta: A Simulation Study
Authors: Liu Guang Xu , Chen Wen Yao , Shu Miao An , Zhao Xin Guo , Peng Chao , Peng Xin , Wu Hong Xi , Lin Zhi Hua
Published: June 2014

Warm water discharge from nuclear power plant will elevate the temperature of seawater and may subsequently have influences on important marine aquiculture bivalves. In present study, the effects of temperature elevation caused by warm water discharge on the filtration behavior, calcification rate, and ammonia excretion of a major local bivalve species, razor clam, were investigated via laboratory simulation. The results showed that the filtration rates of razor clam increased significantly with an increased temperature, which were 0.46±0.06, 0.62±0.09, and 0.85±0.08L/g·h for 28 °C, 30 °C, and 32 °C, respectively. Under the experimental temperature gradient, the pattern of calcification rates of razor clam was shown to be bell-shaped, with the highest calcification rate 2.85±0.28μmol/FWg·h at 30 °C. The ammonia excretion rates were shown to increase slightly with increased temperature, which were 0.31±0.03, 0.32±0.09, and 0.34±0.06mg/ g·h for 28 °C, 30 °C, and 32 °C, respectively. The results suggest that razor clam will increase its energy intake and metabolic rate to maintain a relatively constant growth rate under thermal stress within 4 oC range even during the summer season.
Research on the Methods of Calculating the Volume of Canal Excavation of Zhengzhou Section in the First Stage of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project
Authors: Liu Qi Xia , Zou Xin , Li Zhuo Yu , Zhang Le
Published: June 2014

There are a series problems that are caused by the complex geological and various types of foundation soil of the canal during the excavation process in the first stage of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, such as the different strength of the same rock, especially the undulating boundary of the rocks and the varying buried depth. The author made a detail research on the spatial distribution of the basic rocks and the calculation for the volume of the excavation to save the problems and calculate the excavation volume of the rocks with different strength, also the cross and vertical method were used to provide the necessary technology data and a technology support for planning and programming of project construction.
Study on the Evaluation Index System of Comprehensive Benefit of Water and Soil Conservation in Coal Mining Area
Authors: Zhao Xiao Guang , Li Yu , Pu Shi Hua
Published: June 2014

Based on the conception of DPSIR model, in according with the principle of corresponding, 5 factors, the driving force, pressure, state, impact and response are selected the evaluation index of comprehensive benefit of water and soil conservation in 20 coal mining areas. When starting from connotation of the comprehensive benefit of water and soil conservation in coal mining areas, experts grading method is used to select 15 basic indicators and to build the framework of evaluation index system of comprehensive benefit of water and soil conservation in coal mining areas. Using the method of AHP, the weight is confirmed among each subsystem and index (from the subsystem). Then the evaluation index weight system of comprehensive benefit of water and soil conservation in coal mining areas is finally calculated. The guidance of the evaluation of comprehensive benefit of water and soil conservation in coal mining areas could be provided in the future.
Effect of Soil pH on Immobilization of Lead by Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria
Authors: Dong Li Ping , Zhu Xiao Li , Xu Ya Ya , Zhang Jian Xia , Liu Jiao Qin , Wang Hang
Published: June 2014

Two phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were used to immobilize the lead in contaminated soil using the selective sequential extraction methods to detect the chemical forms of lead. The results showed that PSB 3-5-1-1 had higher ability of Pb immobilization compared with ID-a .The beat remediation efficiency could be obtained when pH is 6.
Experiment Research on Moisture Transmission Rate between Humidity Sensitive Material and the External Environment
Authors: Guan Cheng , Sun Xi Ming , Yuan Xiang Yue , Du Ke , Li Kang Hua
Published: June 2014

The intelligent water-saving valve without power supply is an equipment characterized by high automation, low costs and controlling without power supply, which is targeted to solve problems of water-saving irrigation equipment all around the world. To make this valve apply in production and irrigation better, this paper does research on transmission rate of moisture between humidity sensitive materials and external environment, and illustrates three rules: (1) For different types of soil, the fastest transmission rate of moisture between humidity sensitive materials and soil could be found in sand and the slowest one in clay. (2) For different ratios of humidity sensitive materials, the material water-absorption ratio performs faster when ratio is 1:1 than 1:3; and material water-loss ratio performs slower when ratio is 1:1 than 1:3. (3) For whether humidity sensitive materials contact with air or not, the transmission rate is faster when contacting with air.
Soil Infiltration Study for Different Forest Types in Typical Small Watershed of Moufengshan Area
Authors: Luo Ding Gui , Huang Xue Xia , Guo Qing , Liu Qian Hong , Li Mao
Published: June 2014

The hydraulic conductivity and correlated factors of undisturbed soil profile (0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm) are researched, by taking different forest types (cyclobalanopsis chungii, phyllostachys pubescens, bambusa multiplex var.nana, eucalyptus forests) in typical small watershed of Moufengshan area in Guangzhou of China as study objects. In conclusion, generally, the hydraulic conductivity is decreasing with an increase in profile depth. The variation ranges of hydraulic conductivity are 13.64-4.91, 8.16-2.96, 7.92-3.71, and 10.4-3.63m/d for phyllostachys pubescens, cyclobalanopsis chungii, bambusa multiplex var.nana, and eucalyptus forests respectively. In general, coefficients of permeability are found to be positively related to porosity and root density, and negatively related to dry density, whilst the correlation with root diameter remains uncertain. However, the degrees of correlation with dry density, root density, and root diameter vary substantially for different types of forest land, whereas an overall well correlation with porosity is presented.
The Preliminary Study on Definition of Slope Debris Flow
Authors: Fang Shi Yue , Yang Jun
Published: June 2014

So far, the definitions of slope debris flow are cinders and divergent, even, some scholars equate it with the hill slope debris flow/landslide-induced debris flow and other similar terms. This article summarizes research on the slope debris flow, from the definition and classification of debris flow, study on the classification of slope debris flow , analyzes the formation conditions, properties and characteristics of slope debris flow, at last, use the definition method of attribute and kind, tentatively give the preliminary definition of the slope debris flow .
The Impact of Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Soil Microbial Community Structure
Authors: Wang Ji Hua , Gong Xue , Guan Jian Fei , Xing Hui Yan
Published: June 2014

The reclaimed water treated in a Harbin recycled water plant has been taken as a target of research, by using microbial traditional culture method and tablet coated counting method, discussing the influence of the reclaimed water irrigation on soil microbial community structure through the method of short-term indoor simulated soil column irrigation. The results shows that the reclaimed water irrigation can significantly increase the quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in the surface 0-20 cm layer soil, but it has little affect on 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layer soil. Microbial community structure and diversity were changed relatively with the irrigation of reclaimed water, which embodied the increase or decrease of dominant and subdominant groups, the disappearance of non-dominant groups sensitive to reclaimed water, the appear or disappear of the other part of the occasional groups.
The Influence of Land Roughness to Irrigation Efficiency Based on SIRMOD Model of Border Irrigation of Wheat
Authors: Zheng He Xiang , Cao Xue Song , Wu Jia Bin , Zhang Jian Cheng
Published: June 2014

Land roughness is an important parameter of border irrigation in the surface water flow movement, it affects of the water movement process and affects irrigation efficiency, so it’s necessary combined with field surface other parameters to study irrigation field roughness to the irrigation efficiency. Agreement is good between simulated by SIRMOD model and measured values​​ through field trials the measured data of water flow advance and regression process, and indicating with SIRMOD model can simulate border irrigation process. Four kinds of typical field surface roughness of irrigation simulation by SIRMOD model and analysis of the results obtained: land roughness difference of water flow advance and regression process influence significantly, the water flow advance and regression process is better with the small land roughness, and the curve of water flow advance and regression becomes uneven, so irrigation efficiency significant reduction with the field surface roughness increases.
Electrochemical Enhancement on Utilizing Zero-Valent Iron to Degrade Trichloroethylene
Authors: Chen Jian Long , Liu Yi Sung , Wu Chih Chao , Chu Jenn Chun , Chung Chih Feng , Wu Yi Ling , Lin Hung Jie
Published: June 2014

The objective of this research is to enhance the degrading ability of zero-valent iron (ZVI) on trichloroethylene (TCE) by using electrochemical technique. ZVI has been shown to effectively degrade TCE by reductive dechlorination, a process in which the ZVI, acting as a reducing agent, causes the chlorine to separate from TCE sequentially. The efficiency of this technique could be enhanced by lowering the redox potential of ZVI using electrochemical methods. In this research the lowering of redox potential was achieved by filling granular ZVI into a cathode compartment in a reactor. The ZVI was mixed with granular graphite to increase the overall electrical conductivity before being filled into the cathode. The anode and cathode compartments were separated with a Nafion membrane. The loss of TCE due to adsorption by the granular graphite during the experiments was evaluated by conducting batch adsorption tests. The electrochemical experiments were conducted by applying a direct current using a potentiostat. The TCE concentration as well as possible degradation products was analyzed with gas chromatography equipped with a mass detector. Chloride concentration was measured with ion chromatography. The results of adsorption tests of TCE by granular graphite fits a linear isotherm with a Kd value of 2.3 L/kg, which is comparable to values reported in the literature. Results from the TCE degradation experiments leads to two major conclusions: (1) degradation of TCE was facilitated by the applied current even when the cathode was filled with only granular graphite and (2) degradation rate of TCE by ZVI was increased by the applied current. The degradation rate of TCE could be fitted with a pseudo-first-order kinetics; the reaction rate constant, kh, increases from 0.017 at no current to 0.064 h-1 at a current of 100 mA. No degradation product was observed in the liquid phase. In the gaseous phase, however, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene was observed. The applied current also caused the increasing rate of pH to decrease. The pH of the solution after 8h of processing time increased from 5.7 to 8.6 at no current, whereas it increased from 5.7 to 5.9 with the same processing time. This suggests the applied current caused the decrease of the corrosion rate of ZVI. The results of this study show the electrochemical technique not only increased the TCE degradation rate by ZVI but also decreased the consumption of ZVI by corrosion. Thus, the technique can be applied to prolong the life of ZVI installed in the field for TCE degradation.
Research Profiling of Soil Pollution from 2000 to 2013
Authors: Zhou Li Ying , Zuo Wen Ge , Li Zhi Mei , Luo Chang Shou
Published: June 2014

In order to profile the research status of soil pollution, and grasp the development direction of the disciplines, based on the soil pollution related research papers included in EI compendex, by the controlled terms of EI thesaurus, we used words co-occurrence clustering to identify the current six subfields of international soil pollution studies, investigated the development and change of them with time case, and pointed out the journals that different subfields should focus on by analyzing the relevant periodicals distribution, to provide reference for the research institutes, researchers, and policy makers in soil pollution related field.
Analysis on the Causes and Hazards of Fog-Haze and Prevention Strategies in China
Authors: Li Wei , Shi Yan , Song Chun Li
Published: June 2014

Since 2013, fog-haze weather occurs frequently in China, which arouses great concern in society. Fog-haze has a close relationship with the accumulation of mass contaminants, adverse weather conditions and regional transport of contaminants. The uncertainty pollutants source and “contribution rate” covers a mystical veil for fog-haze weather. Persistent fog-haze weather will harm people's health, hinder the smooth running of the transport system, break the eco-system balance, and even undermine the credibility and good international image of the government. Haze control should be based on sound environmental law. Optimize the energy structure, strengthen the vehicle management as soon as possible, and make efforts to implement joint prevention and raise public participation. Under the country’s efforts, getting rid of fog-haze predicament is just around corner.
Current Status of Hangjiahu Plain Wetlands Resources and Proposals for Protection and Management
Authors: Yan Ai Lan , Qi Yi Ting , Li De Wang
Published: June 2014

A survey was conducted in Hangjiahu Plain Wetlands to study the baseline information, types, vegetation, characteristics, ecological values, construction and management. The results showed that: the total area of Hangjiahu plain wetlands coverage ​​181,800 hectares, involving 5 types. The natural resources were very rich in wetlands.There are 8 birds species under national protection and 4 wild plants under national protection. There are 10 wetland places under state protection by government. This is the Nature Protection Zone of Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park, a name on the List of international wetlands.Taihu Wetland Park is National wetland park. Proposals on protection and management of the wetland were made by considering practical.
Spatial Prediction of Soil Temperature in China
Authors: Zhang Hui Zhi , Shi Xue Zheng
Published: June 2014

Temperature affects many soil biochemical and geochemical processes. The growth of plants, seed germination, circulations of carbon and nitrogen are all significantly influenced by soil temperature, thus it is important to estimate the spatial pattern of soil temperature. This paper shows the results of spatial patterns of mean annual soil temperature interpolated from the measurements of 698 meteorological stations in China. Four geostatistical methods, ordinary kriging (OK), regression kriging with mean annual air temperature (RK-1), regression kriging with latitude, longitude and elevation (RK-2) and regression kriging with multi-auxiliary predictors (RK-3), were compared. Ordinary kriging (OK) directly interpolated the mean annual soil temperature data extracted from meteorological stations to obtain the spatial patterns of the mean annual soil temperature. For the three regression kriging methods, intensive auxiliary variables (mean annual air temperature, elevation, latitude and longitude), which were correlated with mean annual soil temperature, were used to increase the accuracy of estimation. The results suggested that RK-3 preformed best, followed by RK-1 and RK-2. The intensive data of auxiliary variables used in the regression kriging significantly improved the accuracy of interpolation results.
The Land Desertification Change of Wuliangsu Lake
Authors: Yi Ta Na , Wang Li Xin , Liu Hua Min , Zhuo Yi
Published: June 2014

This paper analyzes the long-terms (from 1987 to 2010) land desertification in Wuliangsu Lake by interpreting TM images in 1987, 2000 and 2010, and then the land desertification information divided into five different levels by Albedo-NDVI feature space, these five levels represent the different desertification land covering types. Also we explored the change trend among different types of land desertification though the adoption of Markov model, the results suggests that there is a significant increasing of extremely serious desertification land from 1987 to 2000, which indicates the deterioration of environmental conditions during this period. While, there is a significant decreasing of extremely serious desertification land, moderate desertification land and weak desertification land, which indicates the amelioration of environmental conditions during this period from 2000 to 2010.
The Land Use and Land Cover Change Analysis of Wuliangsu Lake
Authors: Ding Lei , Liu Dong Wei , Wang Li Xin
Published: June 2014

This paper analyzes the land use and land cover change (LUCC) of Wuliangsu Lake by interpreting Landsat5 TM images of 1987, 2000 and 2010. In the first stage (1987-2000), the area of mobile sandy land increased significantly, which signed that the environment of Wuliangsu Lake got worse. On the contrary, in the second stage (2000-2010), over 50% of mobile sandy land transformed into fixed sandy land. In addition, grassland gained a large percent from fixed sandy land and swamp. All of these changes signed that the environment of Wuliangsu Lake got better. In the two stages, the area of residential area and farmland increased obviously, large amount of grassland, swamp and fixed sandy land were converted into farmland, so we can predict that the main reason for land use changes in Wuliangsu Lake is agricultural development.
Overview of Application of Remote Sensing on Drought Monitoring in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Na Yin Tai
Published: June 2014

Inner Mongolia is one of the most typical and severe dry provinces, drought is it’s main meteorological disasters. Remote sensing monitoring becomes irreplaceable effective means in the regional drought monitoring and drought mechanism research with the advantages of macro, rapid, objective, dynamic and real time. Inner Mongolia region is vast and flat, so suitable for carrying out the regional drought monitoring research with remote sensing technology. Application of meteorological drought indices and historical documents for drought monitoring and study is relatively more. However application of remote sensing technology for drought monitoring in Inner Mongolia is at the beginning stage of development. Further study and exploration is urgently needed. In this paper research work of application of remote sensing approach in drought monitoring in Inner Mongolia is summarized and existing problems are pointed out. Finally give some suggestions for the application of remote sensing technology in the drought monitoring in Inner Mongolia.
Research on the Transformation and Accumulation of Nickel through Soil-Crop Continuum in Black Soil of Jilin Province
Authors: Yang Xiao Lin , Wang Dong Yan , Jiang Qi Gang , Li Yue Fen
Published: June 2014

Based on the systematic fieldwork and the sampling of soil and corn, this paper studied the geochemical characteristic and the characteristic of total and available Ni in black soil and corn and the effects on them by the geochemical methods and SPSS software. The aim was to show the characteristic of Ni transformation and accumulation through soil-crop continuum and the influencing factors for food security. The results showed that total Ni in black soil of Jilin Province are above Jilin and national background level, the content of Ni is keeping the natural background in black soil in Jilin province. The influence of human activities in this district till now is comparatively less. The transformation degree of available Ni is relatively high. The degree of Ni accumulation in corn is low. The total Ni in soil have controlled effect on the available Ni, and the total Cu, Cr, Zn and the available Cr play a significant role in Ni transformation. The slight acid soil is better for Ni transformation and accumulation.
Assessment and Analysis on the Water Resource Vulnerability in Arid Zone Based on the PSR Model
Authors: Chen Hong Mei , Li Qing
Published: June 2014

The ecological environment in Hotan area had been remained a prominent issue , as the most important factor among ecological environment, the vulnerability of water resource in Hotan area is going to be affected by the vulnerability of the ecological environment. This paper established the Pressure-State-Response model (PSR), made an assessment on the vulnerability of water resource in Hotan area with comprehensive index method, and the study shows that between 2004-2007 in Hotan area, the state of the water resource vulnerability was getting better; and after 2007, the vulnerability of water resource was getting serious. Under the current state, the industrial waste water treatment, agricultural water-saving, control of water and soil loss are all significant approaches to eliminate the vulnerability of water resource in south of Xin Jiang.
Identification of a Highly Efficient Aerobic Denitrifying Bacterium in SBR and Denitrification Optimization
Authors: Du Cong , Cui Chong Wei , Shi Sheng Nan , Ma Fang
Published: June 2014

Aerobic denitrification process is attracted more attention to enhance nitrogen removal technology. Aerobic denitrifying bacteria present excelled abilities with fast growth rate and denitrifying speed, though they are not dominant in most practical processes. A high-efficiency strain was enriched in SBR from aerobic activated sludge by the way of intermittent aeration and continuous aeration combination. The strain was determined to Pseudomonasstutzeri T13 with ability of TN removal 90% and nitrate removal 97%. The limiting factors for aerobic denitrifying efficiency were optimized to temperature=31°C,pH=7.11 and DO=2.5 mg/L using response surface methodology. A total of 32 genes are related to nitrogen removal in strain T13. And 10 related to nitrate reductase, especially including 3 genes encoding the periplasmic nitrate reductase, playing important role to aerobic denitrification. It gave good understanding to supply effective technological supports for aerobic denitrification process.
Analysis on the Water Resource Bearing Capacity of Arid Zone – In Kashgar Zone for Example
Authors: Chen Hong Mei , Li Qing
Published: June 2014

As an economic development area, Kashgar’s water resource bearing capacity had become the key of the development on economy and society. In the view of comprehensive systematic theory, this paper, based on the theory of resource factor flow, adopted fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to establish a comprehensive index evaluation model of water resource bearing capacity. Finally, this paper proposed the factors’ extent of the impact on water resource capacity in Kashgar area.
Evaluation of the Impacts of Climate Change on Land Suitability for Jatropha Cultivation
Authors: Zhao Xiao Feng , Lin Bin Le
Published: June 2014

We evaluated land suitability for Jatropha cultivation at a global scale under current and future climate scenarios. Areas that are suitable for Jatropha cultivation include southern South America, the west and southeast coasts of Africa, the north of South Asia, and the north and south coasts of Australia. In the predicted climate change scenarios, areas near the equator become less suitable for Jatropha cultivation, and areas further from the equator become more suitable. Our analyses suggest that the rank order of the six climate change scenarios, from the smallest to the largest effects on Jatropha cultivation, was as follows: B1, A1T/B2, A1B, A2, and A1FI.