bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital‐Analog Quantum Machine Learning
Authors: Lamata Lucas
Published: February 2025

Machine learning algorithms are extensively used in an increasing number of systems, applications, technologies, and products, both in industry and in society as a whole. They enable computing devices to learn from previous experience and therefore improve their performance in a certain context or environment. In this way, many useful possibilities have been made accessible. However, dealing with an increasing amount of data poses difficulties for classical devices. Quantum systems may offer a way forward, possibly enabling to scale up machine learning calculations in certain contexts. On the contrary, quantum systems themselves are also hard to scale up, due to decoherence and the fragility of quantum superpositions. In the short and mid term, it has been evidenced that a quantum paradigm that combines evolution under large analog blocks with discrete quantum gates, may be fruitful to achieve new knowledge of classical and quantum systems with no need of having a fault‐tolerant quantum computer. In this perspective, we review some recent works that employ this digital‐analog quantum paradigm to carry out efficient machine learning calculations with current quantum devices.
Scaling Laws for Discriminative Classification in Large Language Models
Authors: Wyatte Dean , Tahmasbi Fatemeh , Li Ming , Markovich Thomas
Published: February 2025

Modern large language models (LLMs) represent a paradigm shift in what can plausibly be expected of machine learning models. The fact that LLMs can effectively generate sensible answers to a diverse range of queries suggests that they would be useful in customer support applications. While powerful, LLMs have been observed to be prone to hallucination which unfortunately makes their near‐term use in customer support applications challenging. To address this issue, we present a system that allows us to use an LLM to augment our customer support advocates by re‐framing the language modeling task as a discriminative classification task. In this framing, we seek to present the Top‐K best template responses for a customer support advocate to use when responding to a customer. We present the result of both offline and online experiments where we observed offline gains and statistically significant online lifts for our experimental system. Along the way, we present observed scaling curves for validation loss and Top‐K accuracy, resulted from model parameter ablation studies. We close by discussing the space of trade‐offs with respect to model size, latency, and accuracy as well as and suggesting future applications to explore.
Experiences of women farmworkers in Michigan: Perspectives from the Michigan Farmworker Project
Authors: Handal Alexis J. , Iglesias‐Rios Lisbeth , Valentín‐Cortés Mislael A. , O'Neill Marie S.
Published: February 2025

Agricultural work presents significant physical and social challenges globally and in the United States, with women farmworkers facing unique risks that remain underexplored. This study examines the social and occupational hazards confronted by women farmworkers in Michigan using data from the Michigan Farmworker Project. In‐depth interviews with farmworkers were thematically analyzed. Results highlight five main dimensions of working and living conditions: gender‐based discrimination, sexual harassment, reproductive health concerns, pregnancy challenges, and work‐life balance issues. Women and men participants (n = 35; average age of 42 years; 57% women) reported hazardous and exploitative conditions including sexual harassment, chemical exposures, and challenges with proper hygiene and sanitation—especially during menstruation—including lack of bathroom access and other problems leading to urinary tract infections. Participants discussed pregnancy‐specific concerns and concerns regarding work‐life balance and childcare (i.e., insufficient time for family, challenges with coordination of childcare). Findings underscore the need for policies to address these disparities, especially for single women farmworkers. Interventions and policies informed by this study can improve the well‐being of women workers and their families in agricultural settings.
Viviendo con dignidad: Lived experiences of Latina immigrant survivors of intimate partner violence with housing in the US
Authors: López‐Zerón Gabriela , Guerrero Mayra , Molina Dilcia , Moncada Leslie , Hurtado Gabriela , Chaplin Marisela , Terrones Michelle , Paz Rafael , Caballero Ashley
Published: February 2025

Intimate partner violence (IPV) increases the risk of homelessness and housing instability, particularly among Latine immigrant survivors in the USA. Latina immigrant women face disproportionate impacts of IPV and heightened risks for homelessness and housing instability, yet remain underrepresented in the IPV and housing literature, where methodologies regularly fail to center their voices and lived experiences. This study addresses this gap by utilizing Participatory Action Research (PAR) to investigate the housing experiences of Latina immigrant survivors (N = 14) through in‐depth interviews conducted in Spanish. Study findings reveal multifaceted housing experiences and challenges, including unsanitary and unsafe living conditions, landlord abuse, as well as discrimination and language barriers. The concept of dignidad (dignity) was central to survivors' narratives, which survivors identified as integral to safe and stable housing. Recommendations highlight the need for holistic, culturally‐grounded housing services in survivors' preferred language. By highlighting Latina immigrant survivors' lived experiences and definitions of safe and stable housing, and punctuating the importance of language justice, this study underscores the need for tailored interventions that address the unique needs and challenges of this population. Additionally, survivors' recommendations offer actionable insights for policy makers and practitioners seeking to improve housing services for Latina immigrant survivors.
Growth and Growth‐Promoting Treatments in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Kanakatti Shankar Roopa , Quigley Charmian A. , Isojima Tsuyoshi , Mauras Nelly , Chernausek Steven D. , Wasniewska Malgorzata , Sas Theo C. J.
Published: February 2025

Short stature is a common presenting feature and an important concern for families of children with Turner syndrome. In this review, we summarize the data that shaped the updated international consensus guidelines for Turner syndrome published in 2024. The natural history of growth in Turner syndrome, the safety and efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone therapy, and the alternate growth promoting agents under consideration are presented. Timely, adequate growth hormone therapy can counter growth failure in childhood, promote catch‐up growth and help many individuals with Turner syndrome attain a near‐normal adult height. However, individual responses to growth hormone treatment are highly variable and are influenced by factors such as parental heights, age, baseline height, timing of estrogen initiation and pubertal status. Shared decision making on initiation of treatment, a candid conversation regarding the modest gradual height gain resulting from growth hormone therapy, and individualization of therapeutic goals can facilitate realistic expectations of growth promoting therapy in Turner syndrome.
Prevalence of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in older adult population in Shanghai, China: A population‐based observational study
Authors: Fang Xuhao , Xu Xinxin , Liu Chunyan , Li Shihong , Deng Yao , Tang Feng , Zhang Li , Xing Yan , Mao Renling , Hu Jin
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), a condition that primarily affects the elderly, has an unclear prevalence rate in China.

METHODS

A cross‐sectional survey involving 1491 seniors aged 60 and above in Shanghai was conducted. Clinical symptoms and brain imaging data were collected for the diagnosis of suboptimal probable iNPH (s‐probable iNPH). The crude prevalence was calculated and the estimated prevalence was inferred.

RESULTS

The crude prevalence of s‐probable iNPH was 3.09% and 2.62% respectively, using DESH score ≥6 and Radscale score ≥7 as the primary imaging diagnostic criteria. The estimated prevalence of Shanghai was 2.59% among people over 60 years old and it rose to 7.99% among people aged over 90, and it was estimated that 134,152 and 11,708, respectively, had s‐probable iNPH among the corresponding age group.

DISCUSSION

The prevalence of s‐probable iNPH fluctuates based on the radiological scoring systems and the defined thresholds employed, and it tends to rise with advancing age.

Highlights

**Significant Prevalence**: The study identified a substantial prevalence of iNPH in older adults, with rates increasing significantly with age, particularly among those aged 90–99 years and centenarians.

**Diagnostic Approach**: The research utilized novel diagnostic methodologies by integrating the DESH score or Radscale score with stringent clinical symptoms, providing a closer approximation to the true prevalence of iNPH.

**Gender Disparity**: A marked gender difference was observed, with the prevalence of iNPH being significantly higher in males compared to females across all age groups.

**Clinical Implications**: The findings underscore the importance of considering iNPH in the differential diagnosis of dementia, particularly among older male patients presenting with cognitive impairment and gait disturbances.

**Public Health Impact**: The estimated number of s‐probable iNPH patients in Shanghai highlights the need for increased awareness and better management strategies for this underdiagnosed condition in the aging population.
Mapping Molecular Pathways of Multiple Sclerosis: A Gene Prioritization and Network Analysis of White Matter Pathology Transcriptomics
Authors: Abbadessa Gianmarco , Nagano Ai , Hametner Simon , Howell Owain , Owen David , Papadaki Artemis , Srivastava Prashant , Bonavita Simona , Magliozzi Roberta , Reynolds Richard , Rizig Mie , Nicholas Richard
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Rapid advances in transcriptomics have driven efforts to identify deregulated pathways in multiple sclerosis (MS) tissues, though many detected differentially expressed genes are likely false positives, with only a small fraction reflecting actual pathological events. Robust, integrative methods are essential for accurately understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MS pathology.

Methods

We conducted a gene prioritization analysis of MS white matter pathology transcriptomic studies. Articles were sought in Scopus and PubMed up to July 31, 2024. Potentially eligible publications were those that provided either transcriptomics datasets (deposited in GEO) or lists of differentially expressed genes comparing MS white matter to control white matter.

Results

Applying a vote‐count strategy to search for the intersection of genes reported in multiple independent studies with a consistent fold‐change direction, followed by a Monte Carlo simulation, we identified 528 highly significant differentially expressed multi‐study genes (p < 0.0001; 10,000 simulations). Functional enrichment analysis revealed deregulation of the folate pathway in MS normal‐appearing white matter, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ‐related and complement‐related pathways in active and chronic active lesions, respectively. Network analysis identified 6 key signaling hubs: PTPRC, HLA‐B, MYC, MMP2, COL11A2, MAG. The major nodes identified revealed mechanistic concordance with published in vivo MS models, supporting their value as potential therapeutic targets.

Interpretation

Our strategy provides a robust framework for integrating gene expression data, effectively identifying the intricate pathways altered in human diseased tissues. This method holds potential for translating findings into drug development strategies. ANN NEUROL 2025
Ortho‐Carborane‐Derived Halogen Bonding Organocatalysts
Authors: Vonnemann Christoph J. , Engelage Elric , Keller Sandro , Ward Jas S. , Rissanen Kari , Huber Stefan Matthias
Published: February 2025

Multidentate neutral halogen bonding catalysts based on iodinated icosahedral ortho‐carborane moieties are introduced. Co‐crystallization‐studies, calorimetric measurements, and 1H NMR titrations demonstrate their strong binding to halides and neutral compounds, further underlined by quantum‐chemical calculations. Thus, their superior Lewis acidity compared to traditional perfluorinated halogen‐bond donors has been shown. The iodocarborane catalysts also outperformed the latter in a halide abstraction reaction and catalyzed a nitro‐Michael addition reaction, which was previously out of reach for neutral halogen‐bonding‐based organocatalysts.
Improvement in the Electro‐Optical Properties of Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Devices Through Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Lin Yan‐Ting , Kuo Chung‐Yu , Huang Tzu‐Ting , Liu Chun‐Yen
Published: February 2025

The use of metal and inorganic particles to enhance the electro‐optical properties of liquid crystal displays is well established. However, the application of polymer particles for this purpose remains relatively underexplored. To improve the electro‐optical properties of twisted nematic liquid crystal (TNLC) devices, we synthesized and acquired nanosized polydopamine (PDA), cellulose, and cyclodextrin particles. To enhance their interaction with liquid crystals, these polymeric particles were modified with dimethyloctadecyl‐3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride (DMOAP), resulting in radial constructions. A β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) inclusion complex with 4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl was also synthesized for further study. The TNLC cells doped with synthesized PDA particles presented a contrast ratio of 39.3, a low threshold voltage of 4.5 V, and a fast average response time of 18 ms. Furthermore, the TNLC cells doped with the β‐CD inclusion complex particles presented the highest contrast ratio of 49.4, an even lower threshold voltage of 4.4 V, and the fastest average response time of 6.8 ms, indicating superior electro‐optical performance. This approach offers a novel method for developing high‐performance, low‐cost, and easily processed liquid crystal display devices.
Equity in Early Life: Advancing Environmental Justice for Maternal and Child Health
Authors: Ceri Ayhan , Keskin Dogukan
Published: February 2025

Background

Environmental justice (EJ) is essential for addressing the disproportionate burden of environmental hazards on vulnerable populations, particularly pregnant individuals and young children. Developmental sensitivity to toxic exposures, such as air pollution, lead, and endocrine‐disrupting chemicals, is compounded by systemic inequities like food insecurity and housing instability. Structural racism and socioeconomic disadvantage further exacerbate these risks, leading to higher rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal morbidity in marginalized communities.

Aims

This study explores the intersection of environmental and social determinants of health, emphasizing EJ’s role in reducing disparities through community engagement, research, and policy reforms.

Methods

A narrative review of policies, interventions, and case studies was conducted to assess effective EJ strategies in mitigating maternal and child health disparities.

Results

Successful community‐driven initiatives, such as lead abatement programs and air quality improvements, demonstrate that aligning policies with community‐identified priorities leads to measurable health benefits.

Discussion

EJ‐based interventions reduce environmental risks and health inequities through participatory research and systemic policy changes. However, challenges such as limited funding and data gaps require coordinated action.

Conclusion

To promote maternal and child health equity, we recommend expanding funding, institutionalizing community engagement, and leveraging innovative data collection. By prioritizing community‐led solutions, EJ can drive systemic transformation, ensuring better health outcomes for future generations.
Functional Evaluation of Neural Tube Defect‐Related Missense Mutations Using In Silico Methods
Authors: Biterge Sut Burcu
Published: February 2025

Background

Neural tube formation is one of the most important developmental events as it gives rise to the key organs comprising the central nervous system. Failure in the proper closure of the neural tube results in congenital abnormalities, namely neural tube defects (NTDs). Previous studies have identified several single nucleotide variations that are considered risk factors and established a genetic background for the increased incidence of NTDs and factors. This study aims to provide a comprehensive functional analysis of NTD‐related missense mutations in terms of their potential effects on pathogenicity, protein stability, and structure using predictive in silico analysis tools.

Methods

Single nucleotide variations associated with NTD risk were identified by a systematic review of previous studies on Pubmed and ClinVar. Protein stability and pathogenicity scores were predicted using MUpro and PloyPhen2, respectively. Structural alterations were determined via the HOPE server. Predicted expression profiles in the brain were retrieved from the Human Protein Atlas.

Results

Our analysis identified 43 NTD‐related missense mutations in MTHFR, MTRR, PARD3, PACS1, MED12, VANGL1, VANGL2, FZD6, CELSR1, FUZ, DVL2, and LRP6 genes. We found that all of these genes are predicted to be expressed in different regions of the brain. We showed that single nucleotide variations resulted in decreased protein stability, and the majority of them were found to be damaging. We also report that the amino acid changes introduced by these mutations caused differences in size, charge, and hydrophobicity, which potentially resulted in structural alterations within the protein and affected their contacts with other proteins and ligands.

Conclusions

In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of NTD‐related missense mutations regarding their potential damaging effects, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of NTDs.
Detektion innerer Spannstahlbrüche durch faseroptische Messungen an Betonoberflächen
Authors: Paul Aeneas , Sanio David , Mark Peter
Published: February 2025

Unerkannte innere Spannstahlbrüche stellen ein Risiko für Spannbetontragwerke dar. Sofern eine Vorankündigung durch Rissbildung rechnerisch nicht nachgewiesen werden kann, sind Abbruch und Neubau oft die Konsequenz. In diesem Beitrag wird eine experimentelle Methode zur Erkennung und Lokalisierung solcher Schäden mittels faseroptischer Messtechnik vorgestellt. Infolge des Vorspannungsverlusts sowie der Neuverankerung des Spannglieds im umgebenden Beton entstehen charakteristische Änderungen im Dehnungsfeld an der Betonoberfläche. Diese werden mit einem zweidimensionalen Gitter aus faseroptischen Sensoren detektiert. In experimentellen Untersuchungen an Spannbetonträgern wurden Spannstahlbrüche erzeugt und die daraus resultierenden Dehnungsfelder an der Oberfläche gemessen. Die Neuverankerung im Beton wurde mithilfe von Sensoren an den Spanngliedern bewertet. Relevante Einflussgrößen auf das Messsignal wurden durch Variation der Betonfestigkeitsklasse, der Tiefenlage der Spannglieder sowie der Vordehnung des Spannstahls untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde der Einfluss von Biegerissen auf das Messsignal bewertet. Es zeigt sich, dass Spanngliedbrüche bis in Tiefen von 25 cm von der Oberfläche klar erkannt und lokalisiert werden können. Als Messgröße sind die Dehnungsänderungen entlang der Spanngliedachse besonders geeignet. Die Dehnungsänderungen orthogonal zum Spannglied zeigen schwächer, aber ebenfalls die Bruchstelle an und bilden eine sinnvolle Ergänzung des Messsystems.
Phytochemical characterization and potential anti‐oxidative activity of Lavandula angustifolia subsp. pyrenaica (DC.), Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel cv Grosso and cv Super essential oils compared to a commercial lavender essential oil
Authors: Mac Sweeney Eileen , Pieracci Ylenia , Popescu Vlad Sebastian , Angius Gianluca , Flamini Guido , Pistelli Luisa , Abate Giulia , Mastinu Andrea
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant properties of three lavender essential oils (LEOs) from Lavandula angustifolia subsp. pyrenaica (DC.), Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel cv Grosso, Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel cv Super, and compares them to a commercial one. LEOs were extracted by hydrodistillation, analyzed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), and tested for antioxidant effects on human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The major components identified in all the four LEOs were linalool and linalyl acetate; however, in the commercial LEO differences in minor compounds and the presence of additives were found. Antioxidant activity assays revealed significant protection against H₂O₂‐induced oxidative stress for hydrodistilled EOs, while the commercial EO showed no protective effect. Gene expression analysis indicated upregulation of antioxidant‐related genes in cells treated with “Grosso” and “Super” LEOs. This research highlights the potential therapeutic applications of lavender EOs, with a particular emphasis on the differences between naturally derived oils and commercial variants.
“Better Late Than Never”—Late‐Onset Genotype‐Negative Congenital Long QT Syndrome: Case Report and Review
Authors: Tan Clement , Thanabalasingam Vaikunthan , Sella Kapu Chaminda , Zhang Zhihua
Published: February 2025

Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a genetic disorder causing prolonged QT intervals and an increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. With 25% of cases lacking known genetic mutations, diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. We present a successfully managed case of late‐onset genotype‐negative phenotype‐positive LQTS presenting as palpitations, complicated by a single event of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, followed by a review of the literature. This case underscores the gaps in understanding congenital long QT syndrome, especially in genotype‐negative cases, and highlights the need for ongoing research for risk assessment and effective management to prevent fatal cardiac events.
Stepping into the role of Editor‐in‐Chief of the Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling
Authors: Chaqour Brahim
Published: February 2025

I am deeply honored to have been appointed as the new Editor‐in‐Chief (EiC) of the Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling (JCCS). As I step into this role of EiC, I look forward to continuing collaborating with the dedicated readership, expert reviewers, editorial board members, and the publisher of the journal to advancing knowledge in research on cell communication and signaling governing key biochemical and physiological processes both in normal and pathological conditions. JCCS remains dedicated to publishing cutting‐edge research, while continuously expanding the range of submissions and refining the review and editorial processes to ensure a more inclusive and impactful scientific contribution. I would like to thank the founder of JCCS and my predecessor EiC, Prof. Bernard Perbal and his right hand Annick Perbal for their enormous contribution to JCCS, and their crucial role shaping the Journal into a platform that welcomes innovative research and enhances our understanding of cellular communication networks in health and diseases and for steering us safely over the last two decades through the increasingly challenging scientific publication landscape. In this editorial, I share some of my reflections, ideas, acknowledgments, and aspirations for the future of the journal.
Identification and Engineering of Novel N‐Methyltransferases
Authors: Heinz Florian , Meinert Hannes , Somvilla Ina , Menke Marian J. , Dörr Mark , Bayer Thomas , Bornscheuer Uwe
Published: February 2025

The methylation of small molecules is of immense value to various chemical industries. Since chemical alkylation requires rather unselective and harsh reaction conditions, sustainable biocatalytic approaches are highly desired. Methyltransferases, particularly N‑methyltransferases (NMTs), facilitate the selective introduction of methyl (and other alkyl) groups under mild conditions in aqueous solution and are a promising alternative to chemical synthesis. In this work, we expanded the toolbox of NMTs through the bioinformatic‑assisted mining of databases and the high‐throughput characterization of novel NMTs by a fluorescence‐based assay. The latter can assess enzyme activity in cell lysates, independent of the investigated substrate, and was used to guide the engineering of newly identified NMTs. Mutants, exhibiting up to 8‐fold improved selective methylation of (non‐)natural N‑heterocyclic drug precursors, were identified and promise great potential for synthetic applications.
Effect of carrier volume and nozzle type on spray deposition within the canopy, disease control and yield in peanut
Authors: Sapkota Madan , Virk Simerjeet S. , Kemerait Robert C. , Prostko Eric P. , Butts Thomas R.
Published: February 2025

Effective disease and pest management in peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) requires adequate spray penetration within the canopy during pesticide applications. Field studies were conducted to assess spray deposition within the peanut canopy at three carrier volumes of 10, 15 and 20 gallons per acre (GPA), with each volume applied using three different nozzle types (extended range [XRC], air induction extended range [AIXR], and Turbo TeeJet Induction [TTI]). Spray deposition was assessed using water at various application timings (45, 60, 90, and 120 DAP) by placing water‐sensitive paper at upper, middle, and lower positions within the peanut canopy. Fungicide applications using different carrier volume and nozzle treatments were made at regular intervals throughout the season, and disease ratings along with peanut yield were recorded at harvest. The carrier volume of 20 GPA consistently provided the greatest deposition in the upper and middle canopy, followed by 15 and 10 GPA. The XRC nozzle exhibited the greatest deposition in the upper canopy, followed by the AIXR and TTI nozzles. Within the lower canopy, the effect of carrier volume and nozzle type on spray deposition varied among the application timings. For disease control, the lower carrier volume of 10 GPA and XRC nozzle showed an increased incidence of late leaf spot (Nothopassalora personata) and southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in one of the study years. Carrier volume and nozzle type did not affect peanut yield during both years. Overall, the findings suggest that spray deposition within the peanut canopy is influenced by carrier volume and nozzle type; however, it does not necessarily lead to reduced peanut yield, especially in most fields with low to moderate disease pressure.
Delayed fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence from a liquid arene
Authors: dos Santos Gustavo Sérgio , de Oliveira Wilson Aparecido , Kutz Monike da Silva , Franca Larissa Gomes , Farias Giliandro , Monkman Andrew P. , Bock Harald , Bechtold Ivan H. , Westphal Eduard
Published: February 2025

Delayed emission (DF) of fluorescence is generally observed either in solution or in the crystalline state. In the latter, well‐defined intermolecular interactions may play a significant role in defining the emission characteristics. Here, we present a trialkoxy‐homotruxene that is liquid at room temperature and compare its emission behavior with that of a crystalline analog containing the same π‐electron system. The DF observed is due to triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA) and persists at low temperatures (90 K). Accompanied by slightly shorter phosphorescence and DF lifetimes, the singlet‐triplet energy gap increased by 4% compared to the crystalline homolog. The replacement of methyl groups with racemic branched alkoxy chains in homotruxene derivatives proves efficient in suppressing crystallization without significantly altering DF. In neat films, the compound exhibited TTA‐DF at room temperature, phosphorescence lasting up to 50 ms and Photoluminescence Quantum Yield (PLQY) of 24%. Thus, TTA‐DF persists in a single‐component isotropic liquid phase, showing both molecular and aggregate emissions, only slightly affected by the absence of periodic molecular stacking.
Metal‐Backboned Polymers: A New Concept for Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Peng Huisheng , Zeng Kaiwen , Wang Ning , Wu Zhijing
Published: February 2025

Thermoelectric materials, capable of directly converting heat into electricity, offer significant potential for advancing renewable energy solutions. However, conventional thermoelectric materials, typically based on bulky structures, are constrained by the thermoelectric transport paradox. Metal‐backboned polymers, emerging as one‐dimensional materials designed at the single atom level, offer quantum confinement that enhances electrical conductivity while reducing thermal conductivity, potentially overcoming the above limitations. Herein, we explore the potential of metal‐backboned polymers for the development of highly efficient thermoelectric materials, including their synthesis, structural advantages, potential applications and recent advancements. Moreover, current challenges and promising directions for further advancing their performance and applicability in eco‐friendly energy technologies are also discussed.
Difference and Influencing Factors of the City Logistics Development Level in China
Authors: Zhang Man , Kou Zheng
Published: February 2025

Urban logistics is an important bridge connecting urban supply and demand, and its development level is crucial to urban economic development. To explore the development level, spatial and temporal differences, and influencing factors of urban logistics in China, this article uses the entropy weight method, Theil index, and hierarchical regression model to analyze the panel data of urban logistics in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China. The research conclusion provides a reference for the government to formulate a balanced development policy for urban logistics. It has important practical significance for guiding logistics enterprises to adjust their regional distribution.
Understanding Nanoparticle Electronic Spin‐State Dynamics and Properties Using Variable‐Temperature, Variable‐Field Magnetic Circular Photoluminescence
Authors: Knappenberger Kenneth , Knappenberger Jane A.
Published: February 2025

Attainment of quantum‐confined materials with remarkable stoichiometric, geometric, and structural control has been made possible by advances in colloidal nanoparticle synthesis. The quantum states of these systems can be tailored by selective spatial confinement in one, two, or three dimensions. As a result, a multitude of prospects for controlling nanoscale energy transfer have emerged. An understanding of the electronic relaxation dynamics for quantum states of specific nanostructures is required to develop predictive models for controlling energy on the nanoscale. Variable‐temperature, variable‐magnetic field (VTV[[EQUATION]]) optical methods have emerged as powerful tools for characterizing transient excited states. For example, VTV[[EQUATION]] magnetic circular photoluminescence (MCPL) spectroscopy can be used to calculate electronic g factors, assign spectroscopic term symbols for transitions within metal nanoclusters, and quantify the energy gaps separating electronic fine‐structure states. VTV[[EQUATION]] spectroscopic methods are effective for isolating the carrier dynamics of specific quantum fine‐structure states, enabling determination of electronic relaxation mechanisms such as electron‐phonon scattering and energy transfer between assembled nanoclusters. In particular VTV[[EQUATION]]‐MCPL is especially effective for studying electronic spin‐state dynamics and properties. This Review highlights specific examples that emphasize insights obtainable from these methods and discusses prospects for future research directions.
B‐Corp Certification: Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Attanasio Giovanna , Battistella Cinzia , Chizzolini Elia
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to study the adoption and impact of B‐Corp certification by systematically reviewing key papers on this topic published in peer‐reviewed journals from 2006 to 2024. The paper proposes a conceptual framework that provides a comprehensive overview of research themes, subdivided into five broad research focuses: drivers and enablers for organisations seeking certification, barriers they encounter, implementation issues of B‐Corp certification and the outcomes achieved post‐certification. The study offers a thorough overview of the academic literature on B‐Corp certification, laying a strong foundation for future research on the subject. The literature reveals similarities in objectives, approaches and methods, often yielding overly optimistic results that fail to capture the complex impact of B‐Corp certification. A range of research opportunities is presented, establishing a research agenda to guide future studies in the field. The findings can support decision‐making regarding the adoption and renewal of certification by evaluating its cost–benefit. Policymakers can utilise this comprehensive overview of knowledge to inform their decisions on regulatory actions.
Building Resource Capabilities Through Green Servitization and ISO 14001 for Sustainable Performance: Perspectives From Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Oyelakin Idris Oyewale , Ting Ding Hooi , Yusuf Asnidar Hanim , Arbak Salwani , Dhar Bablu Kumar
Published: February 2025

Manufacturing firms are increasingly adopting green servitization and ISO 14001 to enhance resource capabilities and achieve sustainable performance amid escalating challenges of resource depletion and waste management. This study explicitly links these practices to broader CSR principles, focusing on stakeholder engagement and accountability to drive environmental and social sustainability. Specifically, it examines the interplay between green servitization and ISO 14001 in fostering sustainable performance within manufacturing firms. The findings reveal the critical mediating role of ISO 14001 in translating green servitization initiatives into tangible sustainability outcomes while building stakeholder trust. Practical contributions emphasize fostering green innovation, integrating biodegradable materials, and leveraging green digital technologies to enhance resilience and operational efficiency. The research also advances CSR‐related theoretical contributions by framing green servitization and ISO 14001 as strategic resources for achieving Sustainable Development Goals.
Fox on the Run—Cheaper Camera Traps Fail to Detect Fast‐Moving Mesopredators
Authors: McHenry R. , Mitchell L. J. , Marshall C. , Smart J. , de Raad A. L. , Andersen R.
Published: February 2025

Camera trapping for detecting wildlife is increasingly used as a primary method of non‐invasive wildlife monitoring. Yet understanding among researchers and conservationists on how camera trap make, and model affect detection rates is limited. Published studies often fail to make clear why a given camera trap model was chosen or what specifications or parameters were used to capture target species within a given study area, prohibiting replicability. Here we present a comparison of predator and herbivore detection efficacy using three makes and models of camera trap at differing price ranges, year of release (hereafter vintages) and specifications. We used a passive monitoring survey design at six sites in open field conditions across the Flow Country, Northern Scotland. Detection efficacy varied substantially between grades and vintages of camera traps and depended on species captured. Older models of camera with lower trigger speed and night vision range performed particularly poorly for nocturnal predatory mammal detection. This has implications for how researchers, conservationists, developers and other users approach experimental design and analyses, but also on the conclusions that may be drawn from studies. We caution against using the results of one or more camera trap studies using different makes and models of cameras to inform experimental design or policy interventions.
An Established Plant Invader May Still Benefit From Increasing Genetic Diversity—Insights From Artificial Populations in a Common Garden Experiment
Authors: Watermann L. Y. , Durka W. , Erfmeier A.
Published: February 2025

Genetic diversity and competitive ability, though extensively studied in the context of biological invasions, are still poorly understood in their relative importance, especially when shifting the perspective from an individual plant's phenotype to overall population performance. Most approaches addressing the role of genetic diversity involve the comparison of standing genetic variation in field populations combined with experimental treatments on individual plants. Composing predefined mixtures of populations to manipulate genetic diversity would be an experimental approach to test for direct effects on population performance. We determined pairwise genetic distances among 16 invasive and 22 native populations of Jacobaea vulgaris GAERTN. using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Based on this information, we created each 15 de‐novo populations with different levels of genetic diversity for both origins. These de‐novo populations were subjected to three levels of decreasing microsite availability by using a matrix of either 0, 5, or 10 individuals of Festuca rubra. We monitored population performance continuously throughout two growing seasons to study effects of interactions between origin, microsite availability, and genetic diversity with (generalized) linear effects models. This allowed us to uncover whether the relative importance of those factors varies with the life‐stage of this biennial species. We found no ambiguous patterns on the hypothesized beneficial effect of genetic diversity for J. vulgaris populations. Native populations tended to respond negatively to increasing genetic diversity, especially under more favorable site conditions, but this was not a persistent pattern and was only evident through continuous monitoring. Invasive populations could benefit from increasing genetic diversity during early establishment, but not in interaction with restricted microsite availability. Our results do suggest that genetic variation supports population establishment and performance under certain environmental conditions. Therefore, for recommendations in nature conservation, efforts should still aim at limiting propagule addition in already invaded areas, even in well‐established invasive species.
Enhancing the performance of molybdenum disulfide‐based solar water evaporation systems by tuning the synthesis temperature
Authors: Hasmin Hudya Fitra , Djajasuminta Livia Ilona , Dwiputra Muhammad Adam , Emrinaldi Tengku , Roza Liszulfah , Umar Akrajas Ali , Ginting Titian Riski , Fauzia Vivi
Published: February 2025

MoS2 has been developed for use in solar water evaporation systems. Studies have shown that the temperature and duration of synthesis significantly affect the phase, number of layer, and particle size of MoS2. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on how these factors, including the wettability of MoS2, influence the water evaporation rate. In this study, we synthesized MoS2 at two distinct temperatures: 180 and 200°C using a hydrothermal method. This study shows MoS2 synthesized at 180°C forms smaller 2H‐MoS2 nanosheets with small grains size and more defects and exhibits higher evaporation rates kg m−2 h−1. This increased evaporation is due to smaller nanosheets provides a larger surface area, enhancing light absorption and thermal energy conversion. The defective sites in MoS2, especially along its edges, act as preferential adsorption sites for water molecules. This facilitates water diffusion, and consequently increases wettability and accelerates evaporation. The use of MoS2 on air‐laid paper as photothermal materials also demonstrated excellent salt rejection (>99%). This work demonstrates the novelty of tuning the efficiency of MoS2‐based solar water evaporation systems by simply adjusting the synthesis temperature. This approach is an innovative method for industrial‐scale solar evaporation applications.
Carbon Dioxide Conversion: Pathway to Defossilize Carbon‐Based Materials and Durably Store Carbon
Authors: Zeitler Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion is a suite of chemical and biological processes that transform the carbon in CO2 into other forms, such as mineral carbonates, alcohols, hydrocarbons, polymers, or elemental carbon materials. Such processes allow CO2 to replace fossil fuels to enable sustainable production of chemicals and materials, and support durable storage of CO2 in long‐lived products, two underexamined aspects of addressing CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere. CO2 can, in principle, serve as a feedstock for any carbon‐based product, and is better suited to forming carbonates, other oxygenated products, or single‐carbon products that share similar properties to CO2. CO2 conversion requires new infrastructure for CO2 capture, clean energy, and product distribution, and may need CO2 transportation, clean hydrogen, and water resources. Infrastructure buildouts could benefit from clustered siting, integration of utilization infrastructure with other carbon management infrastructure, improved public engagement, and improved research on pipeline modeling and testing for safety from propagating brittle fractures. CO2 utilization is enabled by economic and noneconomic policies that develop the sector's value for sustainable product formation and long‐term carbon storage. Though CO2 conversion technologies are operating today in select markets at pilot, demonstration, and commercial scales, most areas of the product and process landscape require investment in research, development, and demonstration. The first1 and final2 reports of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) Committee on Carbon Utilization Infrastructure, Markets, Research, and Development offer comprehensive assessments of the infrastructure, market, policy, and research needs to enable CO2 conversion to serve the needs of circular carbon economies and durable carbon storage.
From Cost Savings to Community Benefits: The Equity Potential of V2G Solutions
Authors: Chabot Andrew , Liebovitz Leah
Published: February 2025

In today's regulatory environment, distribution utilities are under pressure to meet the dual priorities of simultaneously adhering to regulatory mandates to ensure reliable, safe, and equitable outcomes for their customers while providing reasonable market‐based returns on investment to shareholders. This is a challenging task, as traditional infrastructure upgrades are costly and require significant capital expenditures (CapEx), ultimately requiring costs to be passed onto customers. Unfortunately, this often disproportionately affects low‐income households, who spend a higher proportion of their discretionary income on energy.
Any neonatal morbidityAdverse perinatal outcomes of unvaccinated pregnant women with respiratory symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence from a Brazilian multicenter study
Authors: Da‐Costa‐Santos Juliana , dos Reis Junior Paulo Sergio , Luz Adriana Gomes , Cecatti Jose Guilherme , Souza Renato T. , Tedesco Ricardo P. , Fernandes Karayna G. , Martins‐Costa Sérgio H. A. , Peret Frederico J. A. , Feitosa Francisco E. , Traina Evelyn , Cunha Filho Edson V. , Vettorazzi Janete , Haddad Samira M. , Andreucci Carla B. , Guida José P. , Correa Junior Mario D. , Dias Marcos A. B. , Oliveira Leandro G. , Melo Junior Elias F. , Da Luz Marília G. Q. , Costa Maria Laura ,   for the REBRACO Study Group
Published: February 2025

Objective

The current study aimed to describe risk factors for adverse perinatal outcomes (APOs) among pregnant women nonvaccinated for COVID‐19 who had respiratory symptoms.

Methods

A nested case–control study was performed within the REBRACO (in Portuguese, the Brazilian Network of COVID‐19 During Pregnancy) initiative. Women were recruited during pregnancy in 15 maternity hospitals in Brazil from February 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021, while seeking medical care for respiratory symptoms, and were followed up until childbirth regardless of confirmation of COVID‐19. For this analysis, women were divided into two groups: (1) those with APOs, defined as the occurrence of fetal or neonatal death, preterm delivery, 5‐min Apgar score <7, neonatal respiratory distress, neonatal mechanical ventilation, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, small‐for‐gestational‐age newborn, or any neonatal morbidity; and (2) those without APOs.

Results

The total number of women included in this analysis was 481, with 210 having APOs (43.7%). The characteristics independently associated with APOs were a composite outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome, maternal admission at the intensive care unit, or maternal death (relative risk [RR], 3.30 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.38–7.89]), living in the North and Northeastern regions of Brazil (RR, 3.09 [95% CI, 1.13–8.41]), and pre‐eclampsia (RR, 2.77 [95% CI, 1.19–6.43]).

Conclusion

Severe maternal illness was strongly associated with APO regardless of COVID‐19 confirmation. It is essential to provide sufficient and timely health care for women who have respiratory symptoms compatible with COVID‐19.
MMCAF: A Survival Status Prediction Method Based on Cross‐Attention Fusion of Multimodal Colorectal Cancer Data
Authors: Tan Xueping , Wu Dinghui , Wang Hao , Zhao Zihao , Ge Yuxi , Hu Shudong
Published: February 2025

The employment of artificial intelligence methods in computer‐assisted diagnosis systems is critical for colorectal cancer survival analysis and prognosis. However, due to the low prediction accuracy of single‐modal data research and the complexity of multimodal data fusion methods, the current study's effect on colorectal cancer is minimal. To address this issue, the authors offer a multimodal cross attention fusion (MMCAF) technique for predicting colorectal cancer survival status. First, feature engineering is used to create feature sets for every mode and to address the heterogeneity of multimodal data. Second, a three‐mode fusion technique is used to allocate weight to single‐mode and multimodal features via channels and cross‐attention processes. Lastly, the cross‐entropy loss function is minimized in order to estimate the classification survival. The experimental results reveal that the MMCAF approach predicts survival states with 97.73% accuracy and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.99. When compared to the best outcome of other fusion algorithms (feature concatenation), the prediction accuracy increases by about 6 percentage points, while the AUC increases by 7 percentage points. This finding thoroughly demonstrates MMCAF's efficacy in predicting colorectal cancer survival.