bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECYCLING OF BLACK LIQUOR WASTE FROM PULP FACTORIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE FUELS
Authors: Marin Florian , Botoran Oana , Oancea Simona , Constantinescu Marius , Zaharioiu Anca-Maria
Published: December 2024

The lignocellulosic biomass is produced worldwide in large quantities, which may contribute to environmental changes, global warming, wildfires, ocean and sea level rise. Recent research demonstrated efficacy of the thermal reconversion of black liquor, which represents a waste resulted from wood Kraft pulping, into gaseous (syngas), liquid (bio-oil) and solid (bio-char) final products through the pyrolysis process. This review describes the physical chemical and energy features of black liquor required for its valorization into fuels and valuable chemical compounds, the thermochemical process and the pyrolytic final products developed from such waste. The obtained syngas rich in hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide can be directly used for energy purposes. In order to increase the energy values of the synthesis gas, as well as to reduce the negative impact on the environment, it is desirable to use it in mixtures, in different ratios, with natural gas, geothermal gas or biogas. The pyrolytic bio-oil can be used as an alternative fuel to fossil ones after refining. The pyrolytic bio-char has great potential for valorization into adsorbent materials for CO2 capture and storage, after a chemical activation process. The advantages of black liquor pyrolysis consist in the elimination of this waste regularly produced in considerable quantities for the development of alternative and renewable fuels that contain high levels of ecological carbon.
VALORIFICATION OF PRUNUS CERASIFERA FRUITS (PULP, PEEL, WHOLE FRUIT) FOR YOGURT PRODUCTION
Authors: Moga Madalina , Tita Mihaela , Constantinescu Adelina , Tita Ovidiu
Published: December 2024

Sustainable food production is growing along with consumer demands to find healthy products. The management and minimization of food by-products and the recovery of products with low economic value represent both a trend and a current necessity for the food industry. Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum native to Southeast Europe and Western Asia. It is also called Cherry Plum and Myrobolan Plum. It is cultivated mainly as an ornamental plant with several varieties differing in leaf and bud color and secondarily for fruit production. The fruits have a limited use, most often they are used in the production of brandy and certain areas, in the production of jam. The present study addresses the use of cherry plum (peel, pulp, and peel+pulp) in producing cherry plum yogurt. The obtained products were analyzed from a physico-chemical point of view, and for the sensory analysis, a non-numerical method based on several criteria of multipersonal agreement was used. The yogurt was also analyzed from a sensory point of view using a 5-point hedonic scale. The results show a better resistance of the yogurts for the water retention capacity and syneresis, but also good acceptability of the yogurts with cherry plum additions in terms of sensory analysis, taste, and fruity smell
AEROSOL FORMATION DURING THE HANDLING OF BEECH-PLASTIC PELLETS
Authors: Kantova Nikola , Caja Alexander , Nosek Radovan , Alexander Alexander
Published: December 2024

Plastic waste pollution represents extensive threats to ecosystems and human health. A lot of plastic waste enters the ocean or ends on landfills, where it threatens the ecosystem. Therefore, it is crucial to find methods for its effective disposal or reuse. A significant amount of plastic can be found in personal protective equipment used to protect against viral infections and transmission, for example during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article focuses on the utilization of plastic waste by mixing it with beech sawdust and subsequently producing pellets. The pellets serve as a fuel, and aerosols were measured during their loading into a pellet hopper by an optical particle sizer in the range from 0.3 ?m to 10 ?m. The most commonly measured property of aerosols is just mass concentration which was observed. A previous study showed that the pellet combustion process did not influence aerosol formation in the laboratory with an automatic pellet boiler and retort burner. This study found that the total measured aerosol concentration increased by up to 72.6% during their handling in the hopper compared to the total aerosol concentration before the handling. However, the produced pellets represent a promising way to utilize plastic waste as an additive to wood pellets
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT FACTORS IMPACT ON PARTICULATE MATTER FORMATION DURING THE REFUSED DERIVED FUELS COMBUSTION
Authors: Nosek Radovan , Sramka Michal , Cajova Kantova Nikola
Published: December 2024

The process of burning alternative materials such as refused derived fuels is an important topic in current scientific research and industry. Emissions and particulate matters are formatted during the combustion of refused derived fuels (RDF) and it is important to identify the ways of their reduction. This manuscript analyses the influence of factors such as fuel fraction and fuel moisture on particulate matter (PM) concentrations. The findings can assist to better understand the impact of individual factors on air quality. The main goal of this work is to conduct an experiment in laboratory conditions to determine the optimal conditions for the RDF combustion. Nine samples of RDF with the moisture from 0% to 6.5% were combusted in the experimental setup. Further measurements analyzed the effect of fuel fraction and PM concentration. The particulate matters were measured by TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and Aerodynamic Particle Sizer during the experiments. The concentration of particulate matters decreased up to 50.1% in the case of fractions ?0.5 mm. The analysis of moisture effect shows that higher content of water has a negative effect on the mass concentration of PM. The greatest decrease in PM mass concentration by up to 69.4% was recorded for the RDF 7 sample when the moisture content changed from 6.18% to 0.0%. The obtained results show links between PM concentrations and mentioned conditions.
ASSESSMENT OF THE BIODEGRADABILITY OF CATIONIC FLOCCULANTS BY MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE OBTAINED ON WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Authors: Galieva Gulnaz , Kuryntseva Polina , Galitskaya Polina , Selivanovskay Svetlan
Published: December 2024

Annually, a city with 500,000 inhabitants generates approximately 115.5 million cubic meters of wastewater. The treatment of this wastewater is efficiently managed using activated sludge, which comprises a diverse community of protozoa, infusoria, lower crustaceans, algae, and microorganisms. These organisms facilitate the effective treatment of large volumes of wastewater in treatment plants. However, the activated sludge proliferates by consuming organic materials in the wastewater, resulting in the accumulation of substantial volumes of sewage sludge in these plants. To manage this sludge, it is pre-dewatered using flocculants.
While flocculants are effective for dewatering, the presence of polyacrylamides poses a challenge due to their resistance to degradation and potential environmental toxicity. Therefore, before the biological treatment of sewage sludge, it is essential to purify it from flocculants. This study aimed to isolate bacteria capable of degrading cationic flocculants from the activated sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plants, screen their growth rates, identify the most promising microorganism species, and evaluate their ability to degrade cationic flocculants.
Two bacterial isolates were obtained, capable of growing on a medium where the sole carbon source was Greenlife K-35 and Mainfloc 5858 brand flocculants. The most effective isolate was identified based on growth curves. DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA region by the Sanger method identified this strain as Pseudomonas nitroreducens. In the presence of this strain, the degradation rates of Mainfloc 5858 and Greenlife K-35 were 61.5% and 59.6% at 28 days, respectively, as evaluated using the OxiTop system.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WATER POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS AND CLIMATIC DATA IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Obrocnik Oliver , Barek Viliam , Kiss Vladimir , Barekova Anna , Paulen Oleg
Published: December 2024

In our study, we used the measurement of water potential using a pressure chamber, and we compared the collected data with the data from the Nove Zamky meteorological station for the period 21.6.2023 - 22.8.2023. The aim of the work was to compare the data collected using water potential measurements from two locations in the Nove Zamky area with the corresponding meteorological data collected from the meteorological station also located in Nove Zamky. After data collection, we then determined whether the technology of water potential measurement using a pressure chamber can capture changes in the different water regimes of the area and whether it can be used in the future in the context of soil moisture regime management. The amount of water available to a plant can be monitored using the water potential, which indicates the potential energy used by plants to fix water in plant tissues. For these measurements we use a portable, pressure chamber designed for leaf water potential measurements. The pressure chamber creates a space in which we can adjust the pressure values up to the point at which the leaf releases the water from the wefts. Most of the leaf is contained within the enclosed environment of the chamber and only a small part of the stem is exposed to the external environment through a flexible seal located on the top cover of the chamber. The pressure required to form a drop of water on the cutting surface of the petiole is an indication of the energy required to keep this drop in the leaf. High pressure to expel a drop of water from the leaf sheath indicates high tension and water stress in the plant. Pressure measurements are expressed in pascals. The experiment took place in two walnut orchards in Nove Zamky. The subjects of the measurements were 20 trees of the species Royal Walnut (Juglans regia), which were divided into four rows, with 5 trees in each row. In the first walnut orchard there were 15 measurement subjects and in the second orchard there were 5 trees that were subjected to leaf water potential measurements. We collected 3 leaf samples from each tree, which were then analyzed using a pressure chamber. The values of all measurements for a particular day were then averaged, and the result was taken as an indicator of the average leaf pressure on the day of measurement for the Nove Zamky area. These values were then compared with the data from the weather station, namely with the average daily temperature, average precipitation and humidity. The results show us that the water potential measurements are in partial agreement with the meteorological data presented. Therefore, we can conclude that the chosen method is able to capture changes in the water regime of a given plant and can be further used as a suitable tool in the management of the soil moisture regime.
CURRENT ASPECTS CONCERNING QUANTIFICATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE FROM WATER SOURCES
Authors: Manea-Saghin Ana-Maria , Lesnic Mihai , Meghea Irina
Published: December 2024

As a result of increasing water consumption by pharmaceutical industries, hospitals, and the population, large volumes of liquids discharges containing pharmaceutical compounds have been generated worldwide. Even though there is a consistent contribution on the sustainable management of these contaminants, the efforts to reduce this pollution are progressing on a rather small scale. Such pollutants can be introduced into water-receiving bodies either directly, through animal and human excretions, or through unregulated disposal and anthropogenic activities, resulting in their presence in small amounts in aqueous systems. Even if they are in small amounts these classes of contaminants are persistent or partially degraded during treatment processes and thus may cause adverse effects on human and animal health as a result of bioaccumulation. This paper summarizes the main aspects referring to quantification of pharmaceutical waste from both drinkable and industrial waters in order to provide efficient solutions to counteract their negative impact on environment and human health.
PRIORITY AIR POLLUTANTS AS GLOBAL RISK FACTORS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KAZAN)
Authors: Gizatullina Daniya , Nikolaev Mikhail , Valeeva Emilia , Gaifullina Raushania , Zaikina Elvira
Published: December 2024

The results of our study revealed regional peculiarities, which showed an excess of the share of PM10 compared to PM2.5 in the rank distribution and high concentration of soot in the level of impact on public health. It was found that the distribution in terms of contribution to the total risk value (HQ) of the main pollutants is highest in all three zones: carbon (soot), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), suspended solids (PM), where the main share is suspended particles up to 10 microns (PM10). Among the studied zones, zone 1 is the most polluted zone in terms of the impact of atmospheric air chemicals on human health. The share contribution of chemical substances showed that the first rank of influence on the occurrence of negative effects on adolescent health is carbon (soot), which accounted for 35.9% in zone 1, in zones 2 and 3 - respectively 26% and 36.9%. nitrogen dioxide accounted for 17.9%-19.4%, the distribution of suspended particles PM10 by area ranged from 13.9%-21.8%. Comparison of the total hazard quotients of the studied population groups revealed an excess of this indicator both in adolescents and adults. They are characterised as high (HQ >3): 4.12-5.48 for adolescents, 3.0-3.91 for adults. The main critical organs exposed to the impact of pollutants in the territory of Kazan turned out to be respiratory organs, systemic impact, on teeth, impact on mortality and blood system.
INNOVATIVE METHOD OF ZEOLITE MODIFICATION FOR INCREASE MERCURY SORPTION FROM SIMULATED GAS STREAM
Authors: Kunecki Piotr , Wdowin Magdalena
Published: December 2024

Packaging waste from the industry containing significant amounts of silicon and aluminum were used in synthesis of zeolites. Derived structures ware mostly A (LTA) and X from (FAU) frameworks, respectively. Zeolite were modified in order to increase ability for elemental mercury (Hg0) removal from simulated gas stream. Mercury constitutes a hazardous threat, due to its high chemical and biological activity, durability, volatility and susceptibility to migrations over long distances from the source of pollution. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, mercury is placed third on the list of substances most hazardous to human health. The effect of zeolites modification on Hg0 removal from simulated gas stream was studied empirically using prototype installation designed to test the effectiveness of sorption by solid state sorbents. Part of derived and modified zeolites revealed significant mercury uptake during sorption experiment. The proposed hybrid synthesis method possesses the potential to be implemented for both waste utilization as well as the time and energy saving production of aluminosilicate, porous materials with high Hg0 removal efficiency.
A VIEW OF THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITALIZATION - AN INSIGHT FROM SCIENTIFIC DATABASES
Authors: Kupcs Raimonds
Published: December 2024

Since early times the civilization used to record and store their information about accumulated knowledge, everyday life necessities and other important things. Starting with clay tablets, stones and paper as a more advanced technology followed. Since that moment this trend made its way through centuries until nowadays, with new technological capabilities resulting in the form of digitalization. The paper discusses nuances of the terms, such as digitization, digitalization and digital transformation in scientific literature. The study is backed by discussion about digitalization's popularity, its impact and importance in our society as an irreversible process. The report provides a general insight into the motivation of researchers to conduct research on digitalization in various scientific fields. A historical overview of digitalization phenomena continues in two most popular databases (SCOPUS, Web of Science) insight, which is accompanied by statistical data about the evolving popularity of digitalization terms. Statistical methods were used to analyse data from different angles, including years, countries, languages and science sections, where digitalization terms are the central motive of research. Since first being mentioned in 1922 and a century later, in 2023, digitization terms have grown dramatically in popularity in scientific databases. In the Scopus database, the number of digitalization terms was less than 1000 by 2003, with the next doubling in volume occurring 9 years later in 2012. The next doubling took less than 5 years and it happened in 2017, and again the next one only two years later - in 2019. And already in 2023, it exceeded 21,000, which is a 1929% increase compared with 2003, which shows a genuine interest in the importance of the research into the given topic in modern scientific thought.
COAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ARCTIC REGIONS OF YAKUTIA: SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY
Authors: Batugina Natalia , Khoiutanov Evgenii
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the main problems associated with the import of fuel and energy resources to the Arctic regions of Yakutia. The article considers existing multi-link schemes of fuel delivery to the final consumer, the main disadvantages of which are significant transportation time and a large share of logistics costs as well as environmental impact on northern rivers (Lena, Kolyma, Indigirka). High transport costs are shown to increase cost per ton of fuel and energy resources by 3-5 times. The paper shows that the development of local coal resources located in close proximity to consumers is one of the directions to increase the energy security, improve environmental conditions for coal delivery of the Arctic regions of the Yakutia and reduce the regional budget expenditures. Deposits of fuel and energy resources in remote transport isolated Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) have a social orientation, not a commercial one. However, profit earning should not necessarily be the main goal for companies already performing mining or planning to mine in the Arctic zone. Feasibility and needs for companies oriented rather to welfare, than commercial interests is predetermined by increased energy requirements for safety, creation of new jobs etc. Such deposits should be approached from a social perspective rather than from an investment perspective. The article introduces the concept of ultra-small coal company for the Arctic regions, which takes into account the specifics of inaccessibility, transport remoteness with severe climatic and physical and geographical conditions, increasing the energy and ecology security of the population.
DESIGN THINKING IN DEVELOPING PLANS FOR ADAPTATION OF URBAN AREAS TO CLIMATE CHANGES
Authors: Zeltina Mara , Radomska Marharyta
Published: December 2024

The challenges raised by climate changes are diverse and unpredictable to the extent that makes them hard to manage after the onset. Under such conditions the trends assessment is a valuable approach, which enables efficient preparation to the expected effects and impacts. The process of adaptation provides possibility to reduce possible losses and create background for some benefits from changing climate. A variety of solutions and strategies for adapting urban areas to climate changes is already available for analysis and consideration. Still, each city is a separate case with a set of peculiarities and developing plan for adaptation involves searching for solutions, fitting the exact case. This calls for combination of analytical work and design thinking, which can yield efficient solutions based on the available experience and creative rethinking. The paper presents consideration of three possible strategies of urban area adaptation to climate changes, formulated via solution-focused approach. The methodology of the strategies analysis and comparison is based on factorial assessment and aims to demonstrate the potential of design thinking in developing long term plans with changing initial and target parameters. The factors affecting the efficiency of solutions produced for adaptation plans of cities were considered as well as the interactions between these factors, which form a specific working environment for the design of adaptation. The variations in the role of factors for different types of solutions do exist, but the design thinking has proved to be important in any application.
DIGITAL TOOLS AND CLIMATE ACTION: A FRAMEWORK FOR GHG EMISSIONS CALCULATION IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Muizniece Katrina , Grinfelde Inga , Pilecka-Ulcugaceva Jovita
Published: December 2024

The increased importance and availability of digital tool leaves an impact on shaping the digitalization of countries and their economies. Links between the digitalization and economic sector productivity and climate change risk adaptation and/or mitigation increase trough different streams have also been found. The use of digital tools can also help in decision making process in terms of climate change including the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The aim of this study is to develop a base framework for a GHG emission calculation tool in the sector of agriculture. The tool framework is based on three different standards: IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories in the sector of Agriculture, Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Accounting Standard and Statistical classification of economic activities in European Union (also known as NACE code classification system). The developed framework will simplify the GHG calculation tool use for agriculture companies, as the needed input data will be required based on the company NACE code. Additionally, the tool will segregate the calculated GHG emissions in Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions for easier reporting of GHG emissions, for example, to financial institutions or regulatory bodies.
HARD COAL AS AN IMPORTANT TRANSITION FUEL IN THE POLISH ENERGY SYSTEM - THE CONTEXT OF THE CARBON FOOTPRINT
Authors: Bogacz Pawel
Published: December 2024

Dynamic climate changes require large human action. One of its essential elements is the reduction of anthropogenic GHG emissions. Within the European Union, they constitute one of the two fundamental goals of the European Green Deal strategy, which assumes that Europe (EU) will remain the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. Among the nine sectors of the economy the most widely covered by these activities is the energy sector. Taking into account the assumed rate of GHG emission reduction, it seems that transition fuels will play a key role in this process, being the basis for the security and stability of the energy system, especially in the point of view of the weather dependence of a large part of renewable energy sources and the still existing lack of industrial energy storage technologies with adequate efficiency and effectiveness. This article argues in the above context that electricity based on hard coal from own deposits can be 10% less GHG-emissive than this product based on imported natural gas (taking into account the sum of all greenhouse gases and the Global Warming Potential factors determined in the IPCC AR6 report). This statement is based on an analysis of the Polish energy market.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY BUSINESS PRACTICE IN THE BIOREGION ESTABLISHMENT CONTEXT IN LATVIA
Authors: Kaufmane Dace , Proskina Daniela , Proskina Liga , Naglis-Liepa Kaspars
Published: December 2024

Many UN and EU agreements binding on Latvia are aimed at sustainable development, biodiversity and mitigating climate change. In this context, one of the solutions is the development of concepts of bioregions or organic farming regions because the bioregion involves the principles and techniques of organic production and consumption and is characterised by an �organic� lifestyle, healthy nutrition, human relations, nature protection as well as the promotion of a particular area and the peculiarities thereof. Philosophically, rural development policy is based on the idea of balance. In globalised systems, small and local companies are pushed out of the market, which is distributed between large market actors; however, the bioregional approach is aimed at fostering the local economy through developing the rural environment in a particular area, protecting natural resources and biodiversity as well as preserving scenic values and the quality of the cultural environment. The development of a bioregion represents an activity, progress towards the goal and a dynamic process that is planned and evaluated using various criteria, guidelines and restrictions. Environmentally friendly business practice is a set of prerequisites that a business needs to meet in order not to cause damage to the environment. The relevant legal framework is essential to ensure the sustainable use and preservation of natural resources, as well as to promote regional cooperation and sustainable development. In view of the fact that bioregions are a new concept in Latvia, the present research aims to identify and analyse documents that govern environmentally friendly business practices in potential bioregions in Latvia.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENERGY TRANSITION IN TURBULENT TIMES: THE CASE OF RUSSIA
Authors: Kudryavtseva Olga , Popov Alexey
Published: December 2024

According to the Global Sustainable Development Report 2023, achieving many SDGs is becoming increasingly difficult. In conditions of turbulence and ongoing challenges for the society, increasing attention is being paid to ensuring technological sovereignty of regions and countries. Countries with advanced technologies have advantages, among which energy supply technologies occupy a special place. The type and quality of energy sources is of particular importance. The energy complex and its resource supply, as well as everything related to the production and consumption of electricity, play a major role in this regard. The transportation is of great importance as well.
The purpose of the paper is to consider some promising areas that contribute to the energy transition and to evaluate their benefits. In particular, attention is being paid to energy storage devices, which can solve problems hampering the development of RES and use of electric cars. Some measures are proposed to increase the attractiveness of electric cars for consumers and manufacturers.
The proposed study could be of interest for policymakers in other countries to develop some measures promoting energy transition.
THE ROLE OF INVESTMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS IN LATVIA
Authors: Libkovska Una , Zonberga Kate , Kreslins Karlis , Lusena-Ezera Inese
Published: December 2024

One of the objectives of the research is to identify the factors influencing the implementation of environmental economics and green governance principles in Latvia. The study focuses on the strategic allocation, implementation and impact of investments, including EU structural funds, on environmental sustainability initiatives in Latvia. The research methodology includes theoretical concepts and research on the development of the environmental economics in the regions of Latvia. In order to achieve the objectives, the study was structured in several parts and carried out in different stages. The study is planned to be carried out over the period 2022-2025. This paper summarises the findings of the study, which explored possible financial solutions for the development of the environmental economics in the country using statistical data analysis, in-depth interviews and a survey method. In order to gain a deeper insight into the implementation of green governance principles and the factors contributing to the development of the environmental economy, data on the opinion and experience of entrepreneurs in attracting external financing, including EU funds for the development of the environmental economy, were researched and analysed. The study surveyed more than 100 entrepreneurs in both rural and urban areas, and obtained their perceptions of the factors influencing the development of the environmental economics. Data from interviews with municipal leaders were analysed to identify the development prospects of the territories and the factors influencing the implementation of green economy principles. The results of the study show that investment plays a key role in the development of the environmental economics and the implementation of green governance principles, and that attracting EU structural funds often plays a crucial role in the implementation of sustainable principles and the successful development of the environmental economics in Latvia. The data from the study will be used in the next stages of the study, where the development of the environmental economics and the implementation of green governance principles in all municipalities of the country will be studied and the data will be compared.
THERMAL INSULATION FOR WALLS BUILT WITH 3D TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Palazzo Andrea , Palazzo Andrea , Richtrova Dagmar
Published: December 2024

Construction using 3D printer technology seems to be not just a passing trend and a growing number construction companies are approaching this new construction methodology. Although construction processes with printers are becoming standardized, it is also true that many other aspects must be considered in the design phase. Better this construction methodology becomes known, more architects and engineers will have to learn how to design these constructions, in the methods of statics, systems, etc. A very important point is the issue of thermal insulation. The designer must be able to ensure that these houses are correctly insulated, respecting all the canons required by the local laws because, like all constructions, this technology is also subject to obtaining the appropriate permits to be built. The research aims to provide an understanding of the correct thermal insulation methods so that the right standards can be ensured that are necessary and already in place for other types of construction.
ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL BASED ON ESG ASPECTS AND HOW COMPANIES IMPLEMENT THS EUROPEAN SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING STANDARDS (ESRS)
Authors: Migacz Ewelina , Jurek Julia , Korenda Natalia , Poremba Wiktor , Rasztar Julianna
Published: December 2024

The evolution of the view of the economic growth paradigm, the development of consumer awareness and the development of legal regulations affect the continuous formation of the conditions for sustainable development. The formation of the form, the definition of unambiguous standards and the continuous formation of the provisions of directives obliging an increasingly wide range of companies obliged to report sustainable development, in the short term, is a challenge for many companies operating in the Polish market. An important aspect of both in terms of EU policy, the formation of provisions of reporting standards and the undertaking of processes leading to sustainable action by the entities of the Polish economy are the provisions included in the Green Deal.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the standards and practices of sustainability reporting carried out by companies operating on the Polish market, with particular attention to the practices undertaken leading to the implementation of reporting standards included in the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and the European Sustainability Reporting Standards specified therein.
CORROSION DISSOLUTION OF AN IMPLANT MADE OF NZ30K ALLOY ALLOYED WITH Ag AND COATED WITH A LAYER OF SILVER IN A MODEL SOLUTION OF THE OSTEOSYNTHESIS PROCESS
Authors: Greshta Viktor , Narivskyi Oleksii , Dzhus Anna , Vynar Vasyl , Kuprin Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the magnesium alloy NZ30K alloyed with 0.1 wt. % Ag and clad with a 900 nm thick silver layer. It has been found that in the Ringer-Locke solution, the cylindrical sample underwent contact corrosion over the entire surface and crevice corrosion at the transition from the cylindrical to the flat part, which caused the coating delamination from the alloy under the mechanical action of hydrogen "bubbles" formed at the cathodic areas and corrosion products in the crevice, which have a higher specific volume than the Ringer-Locke solution. It has been found that the sample has subjected to the greatest localized corrosion damage during the first 1020 seconds of testing in this solution, since its corrosion potential Ecor during this period was rapidly shifting to the negative side at a rate of 0.04 mV/s. This is due to an intensive increase in the contact area of the alloy with the Ringer-Locke solution, since the standard potential of the alloy is about 3V more negative than that of the silver coating. It was recorded that the rate of shift of the corrosion potential Ecor of the sample to the negative side slowed down to 0.0063 mV/s until its stationary value Ecor = -1.471 V has been established after 2300 seconds of testing. This is due to the "inhibition" of anodic corrosion processes from crevice corrosion in the above-mentioned areas of the sample and the development of contact corrosion at a constant rate. The NZ30K + 0.1 wt.% Ag alloy clad with a 900 nm thick silver layer is recommended for the manufacture of biodegradable implants for the treatment of bone fractures and its research in clinical conditions, given the negative impact of stress concentrators in its manufacture.
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FEED ADDITIVE FROM THE GREEN MASS OF AMARANTH
Authors: Obraztsova Svetlana , Bondareva Olga , Khodasevich Dariya , Meshcheryakova Olga , Sviridova Tatiyana , Korneeva Olga
Published: December 2024

A comparative assessment of the chemical composition of amaranth green mass cultivated in 2022 and 2023 was carried out. It was revealed that the content of nitrates, tannins and phytates in the 2023 harvest exceeded these indicators compared to the 2022 harvest by 3.3, 1.4 and 4 times, respectively. The amount of oxalic acid was 16 times lower, and that of tannins did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration of 0.5%. At the same time, the content of proteins and fats decreased by 12.6 and 31.6%, respectively, and the amount of fiber increased by 8.5%. The process of enzymatic treatment of amaranth green mass with a multienzyme complex possessing xylanase, ?-glucanase, cellulase, protease, amylase and phytase activities has been studied. It has been established that phytase, which is part of the enzyme complex, exhibits maximum ability to hydrolyze phytates in plant materials at pH 6.5 and temperature 37 �C. A rational treatment regime for the green mass of amaranth has been selected, ensuring not only the complete destruction of phytates, but also the release of nitrates from the plant raw materials under study and a reduction in fiber content by 29%. Thus, preliminary enzymatic treatment of amaranth green mass made it possible to obtain a feed additive with improved nutritional properties for further use in the diet of quails.
STUDY REGARDING THE BEST SWEETENERS USED IN GREEN-TEA BASED SUPPLEMENTS
Authors: Ionescu Alexandra-Ioana , Butoi Constantin
Published: December 2024

Green tea-based food supplements are very attractive to a large group of consumers and make an important contribution to maintaining good health.
In order to preserve the nutritional value of supplements of this type, pesticide and plant growth hormones-free green tea is used as raw material.
Choosing the best sweeteners in this case is an important part of scientific research, especially for consumers with certain digestive conditions.
The aim of this paper is to successfully identify the best way to sweeten green tea by testing and selecting the best sweetener. In this mode results an intermediate product with superior physical-chemical and sensory properties. This product will be used as a raw material in the next technological steps, providing a good basis for an innovative food supplement.
The used raw material (green tea) was tested by A.A.S. (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) to check for contamination by residues or heavy metals [2], [3], [5]. In order to determine the influence of sweeteners on the basic chemical composition, UV-VIS optical spectrometry and mathematical statistics were used.
The results of this phase of research led to the identification of the best sweetening option for green tea-based food supplements. The product obtained and selected for use (as raw material) in the following technological steps had a chemical composition similar to that of the unsweetened version, but also much improved sensory properties.
The best sweetening option in this case was determined by minimizing the change in the basic chemical composition of the green tea and preserving the basic sensory characteristics.
FLUOROGRAPHENE-DOPED MAGNESIUM OXYCHLORIDE CEMENT COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Zaleska Martina , Pavlikova Milena , Pivak Adam , Pavlik Zbysek , Jankovsky Ondrej
Published: December 2024

In addition to excellent mechanical, physical and chemical parameters, magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) composites offer numerous environmental benefits, particularly with regard to the necessary reduction of carbon dioxide emissions associated with the production of Portland cement based building materials. However, the limitation to the wider use of MOC is its low water resistance. Therefore, the possibility of improving the water resistance of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) composites by nano-adjustment using fluorographene (FG) was the subject of the research presented. A tannic acid (TA)-based surfactant was used to uniformly disperse the FG particles. The effect of FG added at the dosage of 0.2% and 0.5% by weight of the MOC binder in the MOC mixture was investigated and characterized by the assessment of the mechanical, basic structural and microstructural properties of the hardened composites. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of water resistance, for which the hygric parameters and the softening coefficient were measured after immersing the samples in water for 24 hours.
The results obtained showed that FG in the amount of 0.2 wt% of the binder improved the water resistance, while 0.5 wt% of FG in the MOC binder gave results comparable to those of the reference sample. Since FG-doped MOC composites retained the excellent mechanical and structural parameters of MOC, the improvement in water resistance may enable them to more widely exploit their advanced properties and eco-efficiency in construction practice.
RETROREFLECTIVE GUARDRAIL BEAMS TO IMPROVE TRAFFIC SAFETY
Authors: Grosek Jiri , Janku Michal , Motl Jakub , Jenis Leo
Published: December 2024

One of the main monitored parameters related to road traffic safety is the visibility of road facilities and how they are perceived by drivers. Areas where visibility is suddenly limited, or where road sections become unclear due to inadequate design and technological arrangements, pose significant safety risks. Monitoring the optical properties of the applied coating surface, particularly its retroreflection and colour, is crucial for traffic safety. The paper describes research leading to the design of a system of measures to increase overall road safety and reduce the accident rates through the use of special retroreflective guardrail beams with retroreflective coating. As part of the research, experiments were also carried out to test the effect of the retroreflective guardrail beams on drivers' attention, as well as their potential improvement in visual perception using special eye-tracking system on site. Integrating new technologies into road facilities and investigating the human factor in various situations/driver conditions will significantly reduce risks in critical road sections. Additionally, an extended service life for road facilities should be achieved as a secondary outcome of this research.
STUDY OF REACTION TO FIRE IN HYBRID_BASED CORE INSULATORS INTENDED FOR THE OF VACUUM INSULATION PANELS
Authors: Zach Jiri , Zachova Petra , Peterkova Jitka , Novak Vitezslav , Havelka Jindrich
Published: December 2024

The core insulators of vacuum insulation panels are mostly made from inorganic raw materials with a high SiO2 content, either in the form of nanoparticles or microfibers, while the proportion of organics is usually up to 3 %. The contribution is devoted to the study of reaction to fire in hybrid insulation materials made from a combination of nano SiO2-based particulate raw materials and organic-based fibrous raw materials, where the total proportion of organics is significantly greater than 3 %. Considering that it is a mixture of inorganic nanoparticles and organic microfibers with a total higher bulk density, the resulting behavior of these insulators in the field of reaction to fire is different from classic insulators (both fibrous and particulate). In the case of hybrid core insulators, which are the subject of the published study, the organic fibers are obtained by recycling old paper (municipal waste) and substitute part of the nano SiO2 in the core insulator. In this way, it is possible to significantly improve the environmental parameters of vacuum insulation panels with minimal deterioration of functional properties and durability. The paper describes how the substitution of SiO2 with organic microfibers will affect the key fire properties, especially the reaction to fire.
THE ASSESSMENT OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF HISTORICAL MORTARS FOR SUSTAINABLE RENOVATIONS
Authors: Pokorny Jaroslav , Fort Jan , Scheinherrova Lenka , Navara Tomas , Javorsky David
Published: December 2024

Old buildings, in particular, those coming from the first half of 20th century often suffer with increased dampness in masonry coming from different sources. Some of them, however, have aesthetically rendered valued facades which are worth saving. For the design of new alternative mortars for renovation interventions, it is essential to obtain properties of original renders. Mechanical properties of mortars are in general assessed on standardized test samples; however, this approach cannot be always well applicable for in situ taken mortars or rendering materials. This paper is devoted to the specification of complex experimental procedure allowing to effectively obtain strength parameters of in situ collected renders which will be comparable with laboratory produced alternative mortars. Throughout this paper the detailed description of in situ collected renders sampling procedure is provided. Further, the adjusted approach of flexural strength testing in three-point arrangement and compressive strength tests for both cut renders samples and laboratory prepared alternative mortars is outlined. The suitable set up of testing procedures of materials coming from old or historical buildings introduces a key area for obtaining experimental relevant data being the bases for their sustainable renovations.
ILHA DE MOCAMBIQUE AND ITS BUFFER ZONE � PROPOSAL FOR A LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE
Authors: Matos Rute Sous , Simoes Paula , Batista Desiderio
Published: December 2024

The high risk of natural disasters to which Ilha de Mocambique (IM) and its Buffer Zone (BZ) are naturally exposed and the demographic explosion it has suffered increased the loss of ecological wealth, biodiversity and the mischaracterization of the cultural identity it holds. Thus, there are required urgent measures for its values safeguard, preservation and valorization. The primary objective of this proposal is to improve the sustainability of IM and BZ enhancing its development trough landscape and urban planning. The proposal will target a multifunctional and sustainable landscape structure trough food production, protection of environment, resources, biodiversity and leisure promotion. This structure will articulate the IM open spaces with the ones of the BZ. Methodology will include: collecting information about the target area as a basis to all project decisions; work cartography production; a Productive Landscape Component Map; a Continuous Landscape Component Map; a Productive and Continuous Landscape Structure Plan. The expected results are: improvement of resources preservation, biodiversity and environmental quality; increasing of community gardens area; increasing of public open spaces; decreasing construction on ecological sensitive areas; recovering ecosystems and biodiversity; increasing awareness and cooperation of communities and regional authorities; increasing local Nature-Culture based tourism; increasing local economy.
THE METHODOLOGY OF TECHNICAL DUE DILIGENCE FOR THE REHABILITATION OF AN ABANDONED BUILDING
Authors: Chelaru Bogdan , Onutu Catalin , Serbanoiu Adrian Alexandru
Published: December 2024

This paper outlines the methodology of a technical due diligence preparation for the reconsolidation process of an abandoned building. The structure highlighted in this paper is an existing but incomplete building that has been abandoned for more than over a decade. For this study a technical due diligence was performed to assess the current condition of the asset presented on the next chapters of this paper. A technical due diligence represent the research and analysis discovery process which helps to collect essential information about the physical and technical condition of one asset. Careful examination and analysis of technical documentation, along with on-site inspections, were crucial for providing a well-informed report. The results of the technical evaluation have required the presentation of essential intrusive tests. The final report provide a complete understanding of the current condition of the building, highlighting the risks associated with the completion of the construction. All of the findings can be interpreted and used as part of a project feasibility study. The new technical project, referring to reconsolidation and completion of the construction works, propose green solutions like integrating friendly practices and technologies to reduce carbon footprint, enhance energy efficiency, and promote sustainability.
The objective of this study is to identify the risks and outline the necessary work program to ensure the successful completion of the construction project.
EXPENDITURE OPTIMAL CONTROL FOR A SATELLITE MOVING CLOSE TO THE LIBRATION POINT
Authors: Babadzanjanz L. K. , Pototskaya I. Yu. , Pupysheva Yu. Yu. , Korolev V. S.
Published: December 2024

Satellite motion control in the vicinity of the libration point with expenditure criteria is considered. Expenditure optimization is natural in the case, where it is necessary to keep mechanical system in the neighborhood of the equilibrium point for a long time. Disturbing factors from time to time distort this system unacceptably far from the equilibrium point, and we need to extinguish these deviations, using fuel or another resource, which reserves are limited.
Optimization of the satellite motion control according to this criterion is important not only from the economic and technical side, but also brings an environmental effect.
Features of the presented mathematical problem definition are following. While deviations from the equilibrium point are very small, its controlled motion can be by linear differential equations with constant coefficients. The admissible control is a piecewise polynomial function that blanks selected frequency components of the solution of linear equations at the terminated moment T. As the expenditure functional we use the integral of the sum of the control coordinates modules along the interval [0,T].
As the results of solving the problem, formulas and an algorithm for finding the control switching points satisfying the expenditure functional extremum necessary conditions are proposed.