bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human resource risk challenges in the hotel industry
Authors: Ari Engin
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to identify and classify potential hospitality industry human resource (HR) risks in the luxury hotel context.

Design/methodology/approach

Data has been collected from five-star hotels in Antalya, one of the most popular tourism destinations in Turkey. The study conducted focus groups to examine how hotel managers and lower-level staff perceive such risks. Using these focus group discussions, the participants' perceptions of HR risks were explored and elicited.

Findings

Participating hotel managers' and employees' perceptions were utilized to build up an outline for examining the risks associated with human resources management (HRM) practices in hotels. The evaluation shows that HR risk types in luxury hotels vary highly and that each type of risk requires close examination.

Practical implications

Recognizing HR risks play a key role for hospitality industry leaders and managers in attaining their organizations' goals and objectives, offering a practical framework in identifying and governing their HR risks, allowing them to make better strategic choices regarding their HR risk management (RM) plans.

Originality/value

This study extends the hospitality literature by exploring new ways of identifying and classifying HRM risks in luxury hotels.
Does language shape the mind? Linguistic fluency and perception of service quality
Authors: Kim Jong Min , Park Sungjun (Steven)
Published: October 2022

Purpose

As services are inherently inseparable from service providers, linguistic effects are likely to occur during service encounters between service marketers and consumers. However, this study’s current understanding is still limited regarding how or why a language shapes consumers’ perceptions of service quality. To fill this gap, this paper aims to provide foundational evidence by examining how linguistic fluency affects consumers’ perceptions of service quality.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents two multimethod studies. Study 1 compared online review ratings from 61,194 consumers living in native and nonnative English-speaking countries. Study 2 further clarified the mediating role of negative emotions between linguistic disfluency and perceptions of service quality by analyzing questionnaires from 399 nonnative English speakers.

Findings

The results of the two multimethod studies show that linguistic processing can misrepresent the true quality of services due to linguistic disfluency by nonnative English speakers. This paper’s findings integrate the literature on linguistic fluency, emotional psychology and service marketing to yield insights that might be challenging to gain by relying on only one of those disciplines independently.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper provides the first empirical evidence on systematic differences between native and nonnative English speakers’ decision-making styles related to their perceptions of quality. Also, methodologically, this study provides corroborating empirical evidence from two multimethod studies. Moreover, this paper expands our current knowledge through an integrated examination of relevant literature in the fields of linguistic fluency, emotional psychology and service marketing to provide more comprehensive insights.
Manufactured housing parks: could their residents be buyers of the property?
Authors: Bunce David
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to explore the possibility of people living in manufactured housing parks in Australia to collectively buy the property at fair market value and convert it into a resident owned community co-operative.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodological approach is based on 20 interviews with occupants of resident owned communities (ROCs) and key informants in the USA state of New Hampshire. Residents' interviews provide an understanding of the motivations to want to own and self-manage the property.

Findings

The findings suggest that, based on USA experience and the availability of enabling financial structures, Australian residential park residents could be keen buyers of manufactured housing park properties.

Research limitations/implications

A limitation of this research was the small number of interviewees who were mainly people in ROC leadership positions and advocates. Another limitation was that no specific investigation was made to gauge manufactured housing park (MHP) residents' level of demand for ROCs in Australia. Although there was some evidence of support, further Australia-wide enquiry is needed.

Practical implications

The sale of MHPs to resident co-operatives could become a new component of the property market in Australia and residents entering the market as buyers may cause a shift in market forces.

Social implications

ROCs would offer greater diversity of housing choice and might further inform decision-makers of seniors and retirees' future intentions. Downsizers moving to ROCs could potentially increase the savings nest egg through the sale of the family home which will also free-up conventional housing for better utilisation by younger cohorts.

Originality/value

Owners of residential parks are unlikely to have considered the tenants as potential buyers of the property, but, envisaging, ROCs could become a new type of tenure for Australians aged over 50 years.
Chief executive officer ability and cash holding decision
Authors: Magerakis Efstathios
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to consider the effect of the chief executive officer’s (CEO) ability on the amount of cash stock at the firm level.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical hypothesis is examined via fixed-effect regression models using data from US incorporated firms.

Findings

Consistent with the upper echelon theory and cash holding motives, the results reveal that able CEOs are associated with an increased level of cash stock, ceteris paribus. Further analysis shows that the association between CEO ability and firm cash holding is more profound for financially sound firms. The authors also demonstrate that firm size significantly affects the relationship between CEO ability and cash management. The results are robust to various sensitivity analyses and additional tests.

Research limitations/implications

This work is subject to limitations inherent in the use of relevant proxies. Thus, the study implements several model specifications to ensure the validity of findings in a more generic context. Future research should investigate the board structure’s role and the monitoring procedures on the CEOs’ cash holding behavior as a natural extension to this study.

Practical implications

The insights derived from the study are expected to advance the decision-making process of cash policies and CEO selection for shareholders, business executives and investment strategists.

Originality/value

Overall, the study provides new evidence that CEO ability is a contingent factor of corporate cash stock.
A multicriteria decision-making method for additive manufacturing process selection
Authors: Ren Diqian , Choi Jun-Ki , Schneider Kellie
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Because of the significant differences in the features and requirements of specific products and the capabilities of various additive manufacturing (AM) solutions, selecting the most appropriate AM technology can be challenging. This study aims to propose a method to solve the complex process selection in 3D printing applications, especially by creating a new multicriteria decision-making tool that takes the direct certainty of each comparison to reflect the decision-maker’s desire effectively.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology proposed includes five steps: defining the AM technology selection decision criteria and constraints, extracting available AM parameters from the database, evaluating the selected AM technology parameters based on the proposed decision-making methodology, improving the accuracy of the decision by adopting newly proposed weighting scheme and selecting optimal AM technologies by integrating information gathered from the whole decision-making process.

Findings

To demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed methodology, this case study describes a detailed industrial application in rapid investment casting that applies the weightings to a tailored AM technologies and materials database to determine the most suitable AM process. The results showed that the proposed methodology could solve complicated AM process selection problems at both the design and manufacturing stages.

Originality/value

This research proposes a unique multicriteria decision-making solution, which employs an exclusive weightings calculation algorithm that converts the decision-maker's subjective priority of the involved criteria into comparable values. The proposed framework can reduce decision-maker's comparison duty and potentially reduce errors in the pairwise comparisons used in other decision-making methodologies.
Advertising acceptance via smart speakers
Authors: Guerreiro João , Loureiro Sandra Maria Correia , Ribeiro Carolina
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The influence of technology on marketing communications is rising in both applications and value created. Artificial intelligence (AI) and, as a result, smart speakers are benefiting both brands and customers at many levels. In particular, AI opens up the possibility to establish human-like dialogs with customers and to advertise brands in a new and engaging way. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to understand why and how consumers would accept receiving advertising (ad) via AI-enabled devices such as smart speakers.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 326 individuals participated in a study that explored the factors influencing ad acceptance in smart devices. A partial least squares-structural equation model technique was used to validate the results.

Findings

The findings show that customer acceptance of ads via smart assistants is influenced by smart assistant usefulness and hedonic motivations. However, privacy risk moderates the relationship between smart speaker ease of use and smart speaker usefulness.

Originality/value

This paper explores the main drivers of ad acceptance via smart speakers and goes beyond the existing knowledge of smart speaker acceptance to further explore how this can become an important channel for brands to communicate.
Simulation of improved pure P‐wave equation in transversely isotropic media with a horizontal symmetry axis
Authors: Shan Junzhen , Wu Guochen , Yang Sen , Liu Hongying , Zhang Bo
Published: October 2022

Characterizing the expressions of seismic waves in elastic anisotropic media depends on multiparameters. To reduce the complexity, decomposing the P‐mode wave from elastic seismic data is an effective way to describe the considerably accurate kinematics with fewer parameters. The acoustic approximation for transversely isotropic media is widely used to obtain P‐mode wave by setting the axial S‐wave phase velocity to zero. However, the separated pure P‐wave of this approach is coupled with undesired S‐wave in anisotropic media called S‐wave artefacts. To eliminate the S‐wave artefacts in acoustic waves for anisotropic media, we set the vertical S‐wave phase velocity as a function related to propagation directions. Then, we derive a pure P‐wave equation in transversely isotropic media with a horizontal symmetry axis by introducing the expression of vertical S‐wave phase velocity. The differential form of new expression for pure P‐wave is reduced to second‐order by inserting the expression of S‐wave phase velocity as an auxiliary operator. The results of numerical simulation examples by finite difference illustrate the stability and accuracy of the derived pure P‐wave equation.
‘I Hope it Tastes Good’: Gender, Race and Class in Colonial Kitchens in the Dutch Indian Ocean Empire
Authors: Burke Kathleen
Published: October 2022

This article examines the intersections between gender, domestic slavery, maritime empires and food in the early modern world, focusing on the Dutch East India Company's empire in the Indian Ocean during the eighteenth century. It traces the stories of three very different women in the Dutch Indian Ocean Empire and shows how food provisioning, preparation and consumption intersected with their gendered, racialised and classed roles in European colonial kitchens. In different ways, these women exerted sovereignty over food in colonial households which highlights their role as active participants in both shaping and contesting the social hierarchies of empire.
Onto the sense of smell in macaws, amazons and toucans: can they use volatile cues of fruits to make foraging decisions?
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ M. Carmen , VILLADA Ana María , BARJA Isabel
Published: October 2022

Over the past decades, empirical evidence has been accumulated indicating that olfactory information plays a fundamental role in bird life history. Nonetheless, many aspects of avian olfaction remain poorly understood. Our purpose was to broaden the knowledge about the importance of the sense of smell in some neglected bird groups: psittaciformes and ramphastids, and to compare how the response varied between the species. Because of the lack of information about the use of chemical cues for locating food in fruit‐eating species, we also aimed to delve into this question. We conducted a 3‐choice (water/vinegar/papaya and banana juice) scent test in 5 Costa Rican native species: scarlet macaw (Ara macao), red‐lored amazon (Amazona autumnalis), yellow‐naped amazon (Amazona auropalliata), keel‐billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus), and yellow‐throated toucan (Ramphastos ambiguus). Results revealed that macaws and toucans allocated significantly more time to interacting with the fruit scent container, indicating that these species can perceive the volatile chemicals emitted by ripe fruits and that they can use this information to make foraging decisions. However, amazons did not dedicate more time to interact with the fruit treatment. Our research provides the first evidence of the ability to exploit chemical volatile cues in macaws and toucans.
Driving quality improvement through better data: The story of New Zealand's radiation oncology collection
Authors: Imlach Fiona , Dunn Alexander , Costello Shaun , Gurney Jason , Sarfati Diana
Published: October 2022

Aotearoa/New Zealand is one of the first nations in the world to develop a comprehensive, high‐quality collection of radiation therapy data (the Radiation Oncology Collection, ROC) that is able to report on treatment delivery by health region, patient demographics and service provider. This has been guided by radiation therapy leaders, who have been instrumental in overseeing the establishment of clear and robust data definitions, a centralised database and outputs delivered via an online tool. In this paper, we detail the development of the ROC, provide examples of variation in practice identified from the ROC and how these changed over time, then consider the ramifications of the ROC in the wider context of cancer care quality improvement. In addition to a review of relevant literature, primary data were sourced from the ROC on radiation therapy provided nationally in New Zealand between 2017 and 2020. The total intervention rate, number of fractions and doses are reported for select cancers by way of examples of national variation in practice. Results from the ROC have highlighted areas of treatment variation and have prompted increased uptake of hypofractionation for curative prostate and breast cancer treatment and for palliation of bone metastases. Future development of the ROC will increase its use for quality improvement and ultimately link to a real time cancer services database.
Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS)‐6 Glacial Advances on the Tibetan Plateau More Extensive than during MIS‐2 due to More Abundant Precipitation
Authors: CHEVALIER Marie‐Luce , WANG Shiguang , REPLUMAZ Anne , LI Haibing
Published: October 2022

Numerous studies dated glacial deposits within the Himalayan‐Tibetan orogen. While most focus on young deposits, i.e., younger than the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM or Marine oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS)‐2, ∼20 ka), older moraines such as those from MIS‐6 (∼130–191 ka) are much harder to date and interpret due to the less well‐preserved nature of their surfaces and boulders, as well as their scattered and continuous age distribution due to long‐lived erosion since deposition. Here, we dated with 10Be, two imbricated moraines near Yadong in southern Tibet, as MIS‐2 and 6, showing that the most extensive, smooth surfaces were abandoned during MIS‐6. Compiling published data from 54 MIS‐6 moraines on the Tibetan Plateau reveals that they exist in most regions, dry or humid. They are particularly well‐preserved (sharp crests) in eastern and northern Tibet, while in southern and central Tibet, their crests are rounded to sub‐rounded. Because both MIS‐2 and 6 were equally cold, and because MIS‐6 moraines are much more extensive than those from the LGM, we conclude that MIS‐6 glacial advances were controlled by more abundant precipitation than during MIS‐2. This would be consistent with the peak in Asian monsoon during MIS‐6, revealed by sediments from the South China Sea.
Ischemic stroke in a patient with EGFR‐mutated non–small‐cell lung cancer after treatment with ramucirumab
Authors: Chen Guo‐Yu , Cheng Wen‐Chien , Tu Chih‐Yen
Published: October 2022

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors have been widely investigated in the last 10 years, with particular attention paid to their adverse effects because of their efficacy in improving cancer patient survival. Previous research primarily focused on the monoclonal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor antibody bevacizumab and its adverse outcomes. Reports show a higher risk of ischemic stroke, one of the most concerning clinically relevant events, after treatment with bevacizumab. However, few studies have examined the relationship between anti‐VEGF receptor 2 monoclonal antibody ramucirumab and its adverse events. This article presents the case of a non–small‐cell lung cancer patient who experienced a new ischemic stroke after treatment with ramucirumab. The findings suggest that further studies may be necessary to investigate the relationship between ramucirumab and the risk of ischemic stroke.
optimLanduse: A package for multiobjective land‐cover composition optimization under uncertainty
Authors: Husmann Kai , von Groß Volker , Bödeker Kai , Fuchs Jasper M. , Paul Carola , Knoke Thomas
Published: October 2022

How to simultaneously combat biodiversity loss and maintain ecosystem functioning while improving human welfare remains an open question. Optimization approaches have proven helpful in revealing the trade‐offs between multiple functions and goals provided by land‐cover configurations. The R package optimLanduse provides tools for easy and systematic applications of the robust multiobjective land‐cover composition optimization approach of Knoke et al. (2016).

The package includes tools to determine the land‐cover composition that best balances the multiple functions a landscape can provide, and tools for understanding and visualizing the reasoning behind these compromises. A tutorial based on a published dataset guides users through the application and highlights possible use‐cases.

Illustrating the consequences of alternative ecosystem functions on the theoretically optimal landscape composition provides easily interpretable information for landscape modelling and decision‐making.

The package opens the approach of Knoke et al. (2016) to the community of landscape modellers and planners and provides opportunities for straightforward systematic or batch applications.
The effect of prenatal cannabis exposure on offspring preterm birth: a cumulative meta‐analysis
Authors: Duko Bereket , Dachew Berihun Assefa , Pereira Gavin , Alati Rosa
Published: October 2022

Background and aims

Mixed results have been reported on the association between prenatal cannabis exposure and preterm birth. This study aimed to examine the magnitude and consistency of associations reported between prenatal cannabis exposure and preterm birth.

Methods

This review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed a comprehensive search of the literature on the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Psych‐INFO and Web of Science. The revised version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to appraise the methodological quality of the studies included in this review. Inverse variance weighted random‐effects cumulative meta‐analysis was undertaken to pool adjusted odds ratios (aOR) after sequential inclusion of each newly published study over time. The OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) limits required (stability threshold) for a new study to move the cumulative odds ratio to the null were also computed.

Results

A total of 27 observational studies published between 1986 and 2022 were included in the final cumulative meta‐analysis. The sample size of the studies ranged from 304 to 4.83 million births. Prenatal cannabis exposure was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (pooled aOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.24–1.48). The stability threshold was 0.74 (95% CI limit = 0.81) by the end of 2022.

Conclusions

Offspring exposed to maternal prenatal cannabis use was associated with higher risk of preterm birth, which warrants public health messages to avoid such exposure, particularly during pregnancy.
Effectiveness of text message interventions with different behavior change techniques on alcohol consumption among young adults: a five‐arm randomized controlled trial
Authors: Suffoletto Brian , Pacella Maria , Huber James , Chung Tammy
Published: October 2022

Aims

This studys aim is to test the effectiveness of five interventions each utilizing a unique set of behavior change techniques on reducing alcohol consumption at 3 and 6 months among young adults with hazardous drinking.

Design, setting and participants

This study used a five‐arm parallel randomized controlled trial with 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups. Recruitment occurred at four emergency departments in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Participants were non‐treatment‐seeking young adults (mean age = 22.1 years; 68.5% female; 37.1% black) who reported hazardous drinking.

Interventions

Participants were randomized to one of five automated text message interventions for 12 weeks that interacted with participants on the 2 days per week that they typically drank: assisted self‐monitoring (TRACK: control condition; n = 245), pre‐drinking cognition feedback (PLAN; n = 226), alcohol consumption feedback (USE; n = 235), adaptive goal support (GOAL; n = 214) and a combination of interventions (COMBO; n = 221).

Measurements

Primary outcome was number of past month binge drinking days at 3‐month post‐randomization calculated from a 30‐day time‐line follow‐back. Primary intention‐to‐treat analysis compared PLAN, USE, GOAL and COMBO against TRACK (control condition). The four active conditions were not compared against each other. A secondary outcome, durability of effects, was measured at 6 months.

Findings

From baseline to 3‐month follow‐up (retention = 81.1%), compared with TRACK, in which past‐month mean binge drinking days increased from 2.7 to 3.4, mean binge drinking days decreased in COMBO from 3.0 to 2.3 [adjusted β = −0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) = –0.77, −0.26], GOAL from 3.0 to 2.6 (adjusted β = −0.34; 95% CI = –0.59, −0.10) and USE from 3.3 to 2.9 (adjusted β = −0.38; 95% CI = –0.62, −0.14). At 6 months (retention = 73.8%), COMBO, GOAL, USE and PLAN had significantly lower mean binge drinking days compared with TRACK.

Conclusion

Text message interventions incorporating feedback on either drinking plans and/or alcohol consumption and/or drinking limit goal support produced small yet durable reductions in binge drinking days in non‐treatment‐seeking young adults with hazardous drinking.
Identification of candidate genes related to highland adaptation from multiple Chinese local chicken breeds by whole genome sequencing analysis
Authors: Nan Jiuhong , Yang Sendong , Zhang Xiaojian , Leng Tianze , Zhuoma Joan , Zhuoma Rensang , Yuan Jingwei , Pi Jinsong , Sheng Zheya , Li Shijun
Published: October 2022

Understanding the genetic mechanism of highland adaptation is of great importance for breeding improvement of Tibetan chickens (TBC). Some studies of TBC have identified some candidate genes and pathways from multiple subgroups, but the related genetic mechanisms remain largely unknown. Different genetic backgrounds and the independent genetic basis of highland adaptation make it difficult to identity the selective region of highland adaptation with all TBC samples. In this study, we conducted pre‐analysis in a large‐scale population to select a TBC subgroup with the purest and highest level of highland‐specific lineage for the further analysis. Finally, the 37 samples from a TBC subgroup and 19 Lahsa White chickens were used to represent the highland group for further analysis with 80 samples from five Chinese local lowland breeds as controls. Population structure analysis revealed that highland adaptation significantly affected population stratification in Chinese local chicken breeds. Genome‐wide selection signal analysis identified 201 candidate genes associated with highland adaptation of TBC, and these genes were significantly enriched in calcium signaling, vascular smooth muscle contraction and the cellular response to oxidative stress pathways. Additionally, we identified a narrow 1.76 kb region containing an overlapping region between HBZ and an active enhancer, and our identified region showed a highly significant signal. The highland group selected the haplotype with high activity to improve the oxygen‐carrying capacity, thus being adapted to a hypoxic environment. We also found that STX2 was significantly selected in the highland group, thus potentially reducing the oxidative stress caused by hypoxia, and that STX2 exhibited the opposite effects on highland adaptation and reproductive traits. Our findings advance our understanding of extreme environment adaptation of highland chickens, and provide some variants and genes beneficial to TBC genetic breeding improvement.
Unemployed Workers’ Centres (1978–): Spatial Politics, “Non‐Movement”, and the Making of Centres
Authors: Griffin Paul
Published: October 2022

This paper revisits the histories of Unemployed Workers’ Centres to consider the politicisation of unemployment in the UK. Drawing upon archive material and over 50 oral histories, it considers the emergence of centres as a response to a crisis of increasing unemployment and retrenchment of the welfare state. The paper indicates how Asef Bayat’s concept of “non‐movement” proves useful for capturing a wider sphere of labour organising, moving beyond more conventional spaces and actions. This approach critically revisits the role of centres in conversation with emerging work in labour geography and social movements studies around the fostering of solidarities. It reveals tensions around their making, whilst also stressing the potential of seemingly small acts when held alongside campaigns. Revisiting this repertoire of activity reveals the persistence of trade union engagements with communities beyond the workplace, as well as a critical insight into the politics of space in forging such alternatives.
Neuromuscular recruitment pattern in motor point stimulation
Authors: Nakagawa Kento , Fok Kai Lon , Masani Kei
Published: October 2022

Background

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation on the motor points over muscle belly, i.e., motor point stimulation (MPS), is widely used in clinical settings, however it is not fully understood how MPS recruits motor nerves. Here we investigated the recruitment pattern of the motor nerve and twitch force during MPS and compared to the recruitment during peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS).

Methods

Ten healthy individuals participated in this study. Using MPS on the soleus muscle and PNS on the tibial nerve, a single pulse stimulation was applied with various stimulation intensities from subthreshold to the maximum intensity. We measured the evoked potentials in the lower leg muscles and twitch force. Between MPS and PNS, we compared the recruitment curves of M‐waves and the dynamics of twitch force such as duration from force onset to peak (time‐to‐peak).

Results

The maximum M‐wave was not different between MPS and PNS in the soleus muscle, while it was much smaller in MPS than in PNS in the other lower leg muscles. This reflected the smaller twitch force of plantarflexion in MPS than PNS. In addition, the slope of the recruitment curve for the soleus M‐wave was smaller in MPS than PNS.

Conclusion

Therefore, unlike PNS, MPS can efficiently and selectively recruit motor nerves of the target muscle and gradually increase the recruitment of the motor nerve.
Psychopathic personality traits are linked to reduced false memories for negative events
Authors: Mirandola Chiara , Lanciano Tiziana , Battista Fabiana , Otgaar Henry , Curci Antonietta
Published: October 2022

Individuals scoring high on psychopathic personality traits process emotional material to a different extent than individuals with few psychopathic traits. Evidence exists that these individuals have impaired emotional memory. The question arises whether this emotional memory impairment has ramifications for the production of emotional false memories. In the present study, we investigated the production of false and true memories for emotional events in a community sample (N = 120) of individuals varying in psychopathic traits (evaluated with the Psychopathic Personality Inventory–Revised [PPI‐R] questionnaire). The fearless dominance (FD) component of psychopathy interacted with the emotional impact of to‐be‐remembered events in the production of false memories, showing fewer negative false memories with increasing levels of FD. At the subjective level, negative false memories were not perceived as vivid memory experiences in high FD individuals. Concerning true memories, higher scores in cold‐heartedness were related to fewer true memories for neutral and negative (but not positive) events. These results show that individuals with high psychopathy traits – in particular, FD – do not have a general emotional memory impairment but they process negative material in a different way than individuals with low psychopathic traits and thus are less susceptible to producing false memories for negative events.
Anticancer and apoptotic activity in neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH using phospholipid extract from bone of Scomberomorus niphonius
Authors: Kiddane Anley Teferra , Roy Vikash Chandra , Kang Min‐Jae , Patil Maheshkumar Prakash , Chun Byung‐Soo , Kim Gun‐Do
Published: October 2022

Among various types children's health challenges, neuroblastoma is the most serious solid neoplasm forming outside the cranium. Scomberomorus niphonius is a valuable edible fish that has been widely used for a meal. In this study, we obtained phospholipid extract from the bone of S. niphonius with the supercritical CO2 extraction method and tested anticancer activity with a cell viability assay. The phospholipid showed anticancer activity on neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH cells, and the anticancer activity was presented with an IC50 of 710.25 ± 28.31 μg/ml, but did not show a significant toxicity on HUVEC cell lines. Western blot was used to detect signaling proteins; Bak, caspase‐9, caspase‐8, caspase‐3, Bax, and IκBα were increased, whereas IKKβ and NFκB were downregulated in experimental groups compared to untreated groups. Gene expression was revealed by RT‐qPCR, and the fold ratio of Apaf‐1, cytochrome‐c, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, and Bax genes' expression was raised in treated groups, implying apoptosis. Gel electrophoresis revealed that the experimental groups had more fragmented DNA than the control group. The study shows that a phospholipid extract from S. niphonius' bone could be used as a biological origin of anticancer activity in neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH cells.
Individual‐based assessment of post‐translocation fitness of ungulates: Lessons from the critically endangered Derby eland conservation programme
Authors: Brandlová Karolína , Hejcmanová Pavla
Published: October 2022

Translocations have become an essential tool in animal conservation for establishing and maintaining viable populations. Yet, the viability of a population is implicitly based on the individual fitness, that is on the survival and reproduction of individuals. Individual‐based assessments of post‐translocation fitness are challenging in the wild while conservation breeding programs may provide vital insights. Long‐term breeding records of semi‐captive (fenced) small population of the Western Derby eland (Taurotragus derbianus derbianus) running in two fenced reserves in Senegal present a case study. This study shows that transport distance and the individual's age at translocation influence animal post‐translocation survival rates and individual reproductive performance. The most critical period for the antelope's post‐translocation survival was the first 2 years following the event, with higher mortalities reported after long‐distance transport in an ecologically novel environment. The first successful calving of translocated females was postponed by 1 year, but the life‐long reproductive performance was not affected. However, higher calf survival in a habitat similar to that in the wild suggests a non‐negligible effect of the habitat on individual fitness, thus crucial to conservation decisions on translocating threatened species.
Optimizing a therapy for opiate use disorders: Characterizing ondansetron pharmacokinetics in blood and brain
Authors: Wu Manhong , Cheng Zhuanfen , Le Anthony T. , Tan Yalun , Peltz Gary
Published: October 2022

Administration of a widely used 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor (5HT3AR) antagonist (ondansetron) potently inhibited the development of experimentally induced opioid dependence and withdrawal responses in mice and humans. However, in several studies examining withdrawal symptoms in subjects with chronic opioid use disorders (OUDs), ondansetron exhibited reduced or absent efficacy. Because attenuation of opioid withdrawal symptomatology is mediated within the brain, this study examined single‐dose ondansetron pharmacokinetics in the blood and brain of mice. We demonstrate that ondansetron concentrations in the brain (Cbrain ng/mg) are 1000‐fold lower than the blood concentrations (Cblood ng/ml) and decrease rapidly after ondansetron administration; and that a large percentage of brain ondansetron remains in the ventricular fluid. These results indicate that the ondansetron dose, and the time window between ondansetron and opioid administration, and when withdrawal is assessed are critical considerations for clinical studies involving subjects with chronic OUD. The pharmacokinetic results and the dosing considerations discussed here can be used to improve the design of subsequent clinical trials, which will test whether a more prolonged period of ondansetron administration can provide a desperately needed therapy that can prevent the development of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in babies born to mothers with chronic OUD.
Adding Insult to Injury: The COVID‐19 Crisis Strikes Latin America
Authors: Grigera Juan
Published: October 2022

This article takes on the task of historicizing the global crisis that unfolded after the outbreak of COVID‐19, focusing on its particular dynamics in Latin America. It proposes a distinction between a first phase — an unmitigated crisis that lasted until the end of 2020 — and a second phase in the period since then, that is defined by managed crisis and lukewarm economic recovery. The first phase showed a profoundly fragmented local state response, the breakdown of capital's ‘normal’ capacity for reproduction, and a disarticulation of the world order. As of 2021, a different kind of crisis has been evident: the response has been more emphatic and more effective in re‐establishing accumulation and a weak and fragile international order, but at a cost to legitimacy whose full extent is yet to unfold.
Caregiver monitoring, but not caregiver warmth, is associated with general cognition in two large sub‐samples of youth
Authors: Keller Arielle S. , Mackey Allyson P. , Pines Adam , Fair Damien , Feczko Eric , Hoffmann Mauricio S. , Salum Giovanni A. , Barzilay Ran , Satterthwaite Theodore D.
Published: October 2022

Individual differences in cognitive abilities emerge early during development, and children with poorer cognition are at increased risk for adverse outcomes as they enter adolescence. Caregiving plays an important role in supporting cognitive development, yet it remains unclear how specific types of caregiving behaviors may shape cognition, highlighting the need for large‐scale studies. In the present study, we characterized replicable yet specific associations between caregiving behaviors and cognition in two large sub‐samples of children ages 9—10 years old from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® (ABCD). Across both discovery and replication sub‐samples, we found that child reports of caregiver monitoring (supervision or regular knowledge of the child's whereabouts) were positively associated with general cognition abilities, after covarying for age, sex, household income, neighborhood deprivation, and parental education. This association was specific to the type of caregiving behavior (caregiver monitoring, but not caregiver warmth), and was most strongly associated with a broad domain of general cognition (but not executive function or learning/memory). Additionally, we found that caregiver monitoring partially mediated the association between household income and cognition, furthering our understanding of how socioeconomic disparities may contribute to disadvantages in cognitive development. Together, these findings underscore the influence of differences in caregiving behavior in shaping youth cognition.

Research Highlights

Caregiver monitoring, but not caregiver warmth, is associated with cognitive performance in youth

Caregiver monitoring partially mediates the association between household income and cognition

Results replicated across two large matched samples from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® (ABCD)
Comparative effects of weight loss and incretin‐based therapies on vascular endothelial function, fibrinolysis and inflammation in individuals with obesity and prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mashayekhi Mona , Beckman Joshua A. , Nian Hui , Garner Erica M. , Mayfield Dustin , Devin Jessica K. , Koethe John R. , Brown Jonathan D. , Cahill Katherine N. , Yu Chang , Silver Heidi , Niswender Kevin , Luther James M. , Brown Nancy J.
Published: October 2022

Aim

To test the hypothesis that glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists have beneficial effects on vascular endothelial function, fibrinolysis and inflammation through weight loss‐independent mechanisms.

Materials and Methods

Individuals with obesity and prediabetes were randomized to 14 weeks of the GLP‐1R agonist liraglutide, hypocaloric diet or the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor sitagliptin in a 2:1:1 ratio. Treatment with drug was double blind and placebo‐controlled. Measurements were made at baseline, after 2 weeks prior to significant weight loss and after 14 weeks. The primary outcomes were measures of endothelial function: flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD), plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) and urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR).

Results

Eighty‐eight individuals were studied (liraglutide N = 44, diet N = 22, sitagliptin N = 22). Liraglutide and diet reduced weight, insulin resistance and PAI‐1, while sitagliptin did not. There was no significant effect of any treatment on endothelial vasodilator function measured by FMD. Post hoc subgroup analyses in individuals with baseline FMD below the median, indicative of greater endothelial dysfunction, showed an improvement in FMD by all three treatments. GLP‐1R antagonism with exendin (9‐39) increased fasting blood glucose but did not change FMD or PAI‐1. There was no effect of treatment on UACR. Finally, liraglutide, but not sitagliptin or diet, reduced the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1).

Conclusion

Liraglutide and diet reduce weight, insulin resistance and PAI‐1. Liraglutide, sitagliptin and diet do not change FMD in obese individuals with prediabetes with normal endothelial function. Liraglutide alone lowers the pro‐inflammatory and pro‐atherosclerotic chemokine MCP‐1, indicating that this beneficial effect is independent of weight loss.
Parental Childcare with Process Benefits
Authors: Cosaert Sam , Hennebel Veerle
Published: October 2022

Most studies of time allocation in the household draw a sharp line between what is childcare and what is leisure. However, parental time may simultaneously produce welfare for the child and leisure‐like benefits (so‐called process benefits) for the caring parent. We use a flexible model, and its non‐parametric and semi‐parametric implications, to test and quantify these process benefits. Applied to Dutch consumption and time use data, the method predicts that 40% of parental time is also perceived as leisure. Insight into process benefits is crucial for understanding time allocations.
Direct current stimulation increases blood flow and permeability of cortical microvasculature in vivo
Authors: Gellner Anne‐Kathrin , Frase Sibylle , Reis Janine , Fritsch Brita
Published: October 2022

Background and purpose

Transcranial direct current stimulation (DCS) structurally and functionally modulates neuronal networks and microglia dynamics. Neurovascular coupling adapts regional cerebral blood flow to neuronal activity and metabolic demands.

Methods

In this study, we examined effects of anodal DCS on vessel morphology, blood flow parameters, permeability of cortical microvasculature, and perivascular microglia motility by time‐lapse two‐photon microscopy in anaesthetized mice.

Results

Low‐intensity DCS significantly increased vessel diameter and blood flow parameters. These effects were transient and dependent on the spontaneous vasomotion characteristics of the individual vessel. Vessel leakage increased significantly after DCS at 1.1 and was more pronounced at 2.2 A/m2, indicating a dose‐dependent increase in vascular permeability. Perivascular microglia exhibited increased soma motility post‐DCS at both intensities, potentially triggered by the extravasation of intravascular substrates.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that DCS affected only vessels with spontaneous vasomotion. This rapid vascular response may occur as an adaptation of regional blood supply to neuronal excitability altered by DCS or as a direct effect on the vessel wall. In contrast to these immediate effects during stimulation, increases in cortical vessel permeability and perivascular microglia motility appeared after the stimulation had ended.
The political economy of women's cooperatives in Turkey: A social reproduction perspective
Authors: Ugur‐Cinar Meral , Cinar Kursat , Onculer‐Yayalar Emine , Akyuz Selin
Published: October 2022

The article analyzes the viability of women's participation in women's cooperatives in Turkey. The prospects are evaluated by focusing on the sustainability of the cooperatives' economic activities as well as the recruitment and continued participation of individual women members. Taking a feminist social reproduction perspective, the article seeks to understand the underlying dynamics of women's participation in cooperatives, as this perspective enables us to analyze this participation as a process and captures the permeability between women's social reproduction duties, women's relationship with the state, and the economic market. Based on countrywide, semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with members of women's cooperatives in Turkey, we find that familial constraints as well as governmental policies and practices challenge women's economic development aspirations in the cooperatives, while social class deeply informs the challenges faced as well as the resources available to and strategies developed by women. The resulting analysis demonstrates that familial, social, and political issues related to social reproduction need to be addressed prior to focusing on the impact of cooperatives on women's empowerment. This is essential to ensuring the success of women's cooperatives and the continued provision of meaningful opportunities for women's participation.
New Preconsolidation Heads Following the Long‐Term Hydraulic‐Head Decline and Recovery in Houston, Texas
Authors: Wang Guoquan
Published: October 2022

The Houston area in Texas, United States, has been experiencing land subsidence for a century from the 1920s to 2010s. A substantial portion of the Houston area had finished a consolidation cycle following the long‐term hydraulic head decline and recovery. A new “maximum effective stress” (preconsolidation stress) was preserved in the memory of the aquitards. For an aquifer system comprising aquifers and aquitards, the preconsolidation stress is corresponding to the lowest hydraulic head in the aquitards, not in the aquifers. Preconsolidation head is generally regarded as a groundwater‐level threshold below which inelastic compaction begins. The preconsolidation head finalized after the long‐term hydraulic head decline and recovery is called new preconsolidation head. This study has developed an empirical equation for projecting the new preconsolidation head. According to this study, the new preconsolidation heads in the primary aquifers (lower Chicot and Evangeline) are local specific: varying from about 30 m below land surface (−30 m) in the south to −50 m in the north of the Harris‐Galveston Subsidence District (HGSD) Regulatory Area 1, from −60 m in the east to −80 m in the west of Area 2, and from −70 m in the south to −100 m in the center of Area 3. In Areas 1 and 2, the current hydraulic heads are about 10 m to 20 m higher than the local new preconsolidation heads; thus, remarkable land subsidence (>1 cm/year) would not be reinitiated unless the hydraulic heads are to fall below the local new preconsolidation head.