bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduce juvenile crime by preventing and treating ACEs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2024

There has been, understandably, much attention paid to school shootings by students and carjackings by young teens as far as public interest is concerned. The facts, however, show a general decline in youth arrests over the past three decades. Nevertheless, the uptick in public perception of juvenile crime presents an opportunity to create what could be a better deterrence method than the currently favored law enforcement approach: better health strategies.
Best practices for treatment of adolescent SUDs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2024

A new document from the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD) and the National Council for Mental Wellbeing released last month highlights the best practices for treatment of adolescent substance use disorders (SUDs). Replete with many links, the document will help not only treatment providers but also policymakers, schools, and more. The document is researched and footnoted.
Back to the drawing board for Lykos' MDMA therapy
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2024

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) did not accept the application of Lykos Therapeutics for MDMA as a treatment for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a letter dated Aug. 9 and released by Lykos Therapeutics, the for‐profit arm of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS), the company stated that it is disappointed in the FDA response, but that it intends to pursue the goal of approval. This announcement was followed by the retraction of three peer‐reviewed studies on Aug. 9 as well. The FDA did not completely reject the idea of ever approving MDMA, but asked Lykos for more information.
Regulation of Ir Dopant in Mo Oxides by Flame Spray Pyrolysis for Efficient CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Sun Xingtao , Yu Jiafeng , Zada Habib , Ge Qingjie , Sun Jian
Published: September 2024

Mo carbide is recognized as one of the most promising catalysts for CO2 utilization via reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS). However, the catalysts always suffered from low processing capacity, undesired products and deactivation. Herein, an Ir modified MoO3 synthesized by the flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) method exhibits higher reaction rate (63.0 gCO2 gcat−1 h−1) compared to the one made by traditional impregnation method (45.8 gCO2 gcat−1 h−1) over the RWGS reaction at 600 °C. The distinguishing feature between the two catalysts lies in the chemical state and space distribution of Ir species. Ir species predominated in the bulk phase of MoO3 during the quenching process of the FSP method and were mainly in the metallic states, which was revealed by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF‐SIMS) characterizations. In contrast, the Ir introduced via the impregnation method was mainly on the surface of MoO3 and in the oxidized state. The regulation of Ir dopant in MoO3 catalyst by different methods determines the carbonization process from MoO3 to Mo carbides and thus affects the catalytic performance over RWGS reaction. This work sheds light on the superiority of the FSP method in synthesizing Mo oxides with heteroatoms and further creating an efficient Mo‐based catalyst for CO2 conversion.
Evidence of Differential Prediction of Anxiety and Depression by Diurnal Alpha‐Amylase and Cortisol in Development
Authors: McCurdy Bethany H. , Weems Carl F. , Bradley Travis , Matlow Ryan , Carrión Victor G.
Published: September 2024

Research and theory suggest an important role of neuroendocrine function in emotional development, particularly under conditions of elevated stress. We provide empirical data to clarify associations between alpha‐amylase (AA) and cortisol as well as test the differential linkages among AA, cortisol, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress in children. Children recruited from a low‐income elevated violence community (n = 100; mean age = 10, SD = 0.64; 79% Latino; 67% received free or reduced lunch) were assessed on diurnal levels of AA and cortisol along with assessments of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Elevated anxiety symptoms were associated with steeper linear slopes of AA with higher levels of AA in the morning but lower levels of AA in the evening. Depression was associated with differential cubic trajectories of AA when PTSSs were included in the model. Anxiety also predicted differential cubic diurnal trends in cortisol, such that greater anxiety symptoms were associated with relatively higher levels of cortisol in the evening. Again, depression symptoms when PTSS were included predicted diurnal cubic trends with elevated depression associated with lower awakening and midday cortisol that reversed to higher evening cortisol compared to youth with fewer self‐reported depression symptoms.
Study finds individuals with IDD face barriers seeking health care
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: September 2024

A recent study from researchers at Rutgers University has found that individuals with cognitive disabilities face barriers to accessing health care services (https://ifh.rutgers.edu/highlight/adults-with-cognitive-disabilities-are-more-likely-to-have-worse-experiences-with-health-care-system/). Past studies have primarily examined the perspective of providers, whereas this study focuses on the experiences of individuals with disabilities.
Neurodiversity in the workplace: An agenda for research and action
Authors: Hartman Lorne M. , Hartman Braxton L.
Published: September 2024

This paper considers human resource practices in the workplace that represent barriers to hiring, onboarding, and managing autistic employees. In particular, we focus on the development of bias‐free selection processes to minimize discrimination against autistic job candidates, determining whether and how accommodations affect productivity of autistic employees, and changing attitudes toward autistic employees in the workplace. Implications for future research and recommendations for autism awareness training are provided. Finally, the alignment of organizational systems that facilitate successful employment experiences for autistic adults is explored.
Why do understorey Licuala palm fruits turn from red to white and then black when ripe?
Authors: Er Kenneth B. H. , Nguyen Derrick H. D. , Yeoh Yi Shuen , Khoo Max D. Y. , Choo Ruisheng , Tay Li Si , Soh Sun Yi , Jamil Zaki , Ang Wee Foong , Loo Adrian H. B.
Published: September 2024

Licuala ferruginea Becc., a tropical forest understorey palm, is observed to have fruits that appear red in colour when unripe, turning pink, then white, purple and finally black in colour as they ripen. We monitored 13 fruiting palms in rainforest fragments and recorded the consumption of fruits by animals via camera traps. We also documented the fruiting phenology of two palms in the nursery. In the rainforest fragments, a Cream‐vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus simplex) was observed plucking a mature purple fruit from a L. ferruginea palm, before flying away with the fruit in its beak. This was the only bird that was observed feeding on the mature fruit. A range of mammals, dominated by edge species such as the Long‐tailed Macaque and Wild Boar, were observed to consume L. ferruginea fruits indiscriminately across all five colour stages, thereby limiting the dispersal of the fruits. Forest bulbul gape sizes also matched the fruit size, suggesting that forest bulbuls are the likely dispersers of the palm in the original forest where edge species are not in high densities. We further posit that the initial phase of red fruits, with high contrasting red reflectance against a green foliage background, might be a form of early advertisement to birds. The fruit then turns pink and white, which have high green reflectance and is less contrasting, thereby reducing the conspicuity of the fruit. This allows the fruit to ripen with high fructose and glucose content, and turn purple and black, which are known visual cues for birds. This study provides indicative support for the dispersal syndrome hypothesis and highlights the potential effects of forest fragmentation on plant–frugivore interactions.
‘(N)One of us but all of them!’ Ingroup favouritism on individual and group levels in the context of deviant behaviour
Authors: Khosrowtaj Zahra , Teige‐Mocigemba Sarah , Yzerbyt Vincent
Published: September 2024

Past research hints both at more extreme judgements of ingroup deviants and at attributional biases in the case of Muslims, immigrants and refugees. We examined two recently observed patterns in the context of intergroup violence: harsher judgements on the individual level (black sheep effect) and milder judgements on the cultural level when a perpetrator stems from the ingroup. We further investigated whether these patterns were affected by (a) the outgroup being salient (Experiment 1), (b) the comparison context (Experiments 2–3) and (c) participants perceiving the ingroup as high versus low in entitativity (Experiment 3). Experiments 1 (N = 437), 2 (N = 283) and 3 (N = 703) revealed the presence of robust effects on cultural level with participants treating the ingroup culture more leniently than the outgroup culture. Moreover, on the individual level, Experiments 2 and 3 found an overall black sheep effect that was especially prevalent in an intergroup context. Outgroup salience and ingroup entitativity did not affect participants’ judgements on individual and cultural levels. This protection of the ingroup both on an individual and on a cultural level may hint at a derogation of the outgroup. We discuss implications and insights for future research.
Bioinspired ultrathin photonic color convertors for highly efficient micro‐light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Li Jiexin , Ding Xinrui , Shi Yuzhi , Li Jiasheng , Deng Zihao , Qiu Jiayong , Zhang Jinhui , Luo Wei , Liang Guanwei , Zhao Long , Tang Yong , Liu Ai Qun , Li Zongtao
Published: September 2024

Pixelated color convertor plays an immensely important role in next‐generation display technologies. However, the inherent randomness of light propagation within the convertor presents a formidable challenge to reconcile the huge contradiction between excitation and outcoupling. Here, we demonstrate a bioinspired photonic waveguide pixelated color convertor (BPW‐PCC) to realize directional excitation and outcoupling, which is inspired by an insect visual system. The lens array of BPW‐PCC enables a focusing photonic waveguide that guides the excitation light and converges it on colloidal quantum dots; the directional channel provides a splitting photonic waveguide to enhance the outcoupling of photoluminescence light. Consequently, the excitation and outcoupling efficiency can be simultaneously improved at this judiciously designed pixelated color convertor with a thickness of 50 μm. By this strategy, ultrathin BPW‐PCCs with 4.4‐fold enhanced photoluminescence intensity have been demonstrated in micro‐light‐emitting diode devices and achieved a record‐high luminous efficacy of 1600 lm W−1 mm−1, opening a new avenue for efficient miniaturized displays.
High‐resolution atmospheric CO2 concentration data simulated in WRF‐Chem over East Asia for 10 years
Authors: Seo Min‐Gyung , Kim Hyun Mee , Kim Dae‐Hui
Published: September 2024

In this study, high‐resolution CO2 concentration data were generated for East Asia to analyse long‐term changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, as East Asia is an important region for understanding the global carbon cycle. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem), atmospheric CO2 concentrations were simulated in East Asia at a resolution of 9 km for a period of 10 years (2009–2018). The generated CO2 concentration data include CO2 concentrations, biogenic CO2 concentrations, anthropogenic CO2 concentrations, oceanic CO2 concentrations, biospheric CO2 uptake, biospheric CO2 release and meteorological variables at 3‐h intervals. The simulated high‐resolution CO2 concentrations, biogenic CO2 concentrations and anthropogenic CO2 concentrations are stored in NetCDF‐4 (Network Common Data Form, version 4) format and are available for download at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PJTBF3. The simulated annual mean surface CO2 concentrations in East Asia were 391.027 ppm in 2009 and 412.949 ppm in 2018, indicating an increase of 21.922 ppm over the 10‐year period with appropriate seasonal variabilities. The monthly mean CO2 concentrations in East Asia were verified using surface CO2 observations and satellite column‐averaged CO2 mole fraction (XCO2) from Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO‐2). Based on surface CO2 observations and OCO‐2 XCO2 concentrations, the average root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of the simulated CO2 concentrations in WRF‐Chem was 2.474 and 0.374 ppm, respectively, which is smaller than the average RMSE of the low‐resolution CarbonTracker 2019B (CT2019B) simulation. Therefore, the simulated high‐resolution atmospheric CO2 concentrations in East Asia in WRF‐Chem over 10 years are reliable data that resemble the observed values and could be highly valuable in understanding the carbon cycle in East Asia.
Consumer engagement in living evidence “a beautiful opportunity”: International qualitative study with patients and methodologists
Authors: Synnot Anneliese , Weeks Laura , Hill Sophie J. , Lytvyn Lyubov , Radar Tamara , Randall Rebecca , Morley Richard , Jaure Allison , Elliott Julian H. , Turner Tari
Published: September 2024

Objective

We aimed to explore the opportunities, challenges and practical strategies for consumer engagement (i.e., patient and public involvement) in living evidence (systematic reviews, guidelines and health technology assessments that are continually updated with the latest evidence).

Study Design and Setting

In this international qualitative study, methodologists (producers of systematic reviewers, guidelines and health technology assessments) with an interest in living evidence, and consumers (patients, informal carers, the public and their representatives) with experience contributing to evidence synthesis production participated in either a face‐to‐face workshop, online focus group or semistructured interview. We analysed data using descriptive synthesis.

Results

Forty‐one methodologists and seven consumers from nine countries participated. A minority of participants in both groups had direct experience with living evidence synthesis. We identified seven themes: harnessing consumer enthusiasm in recruitment; ‘better’ consumer engagement based on deeper relationships; improved and ongoing orientation, support and remuneration; maintaining an ongoing commitment; potentially different guideline development stages and tasks; larger groups of consumers and multiple roles; and ongoing incorporation of consumer insights.

Conclusion

Methodologists and consumers believe living evidence approaches present an imperative and an opportunity to explore new models of consumer engagement, bringing together larger and more diverse communities of consumers in true partnerships with methodologists. Consumer engagement strategies for living evidence allow ongoing improvement to engagement methods and ongoing incorporation of consumer experiences, preferences and values as they develop and change over time.
Hydrothermal modification of natural zeolite and its application in anti‐inflammatory removal
Authors: Moreira Paula Valéria Viotti , Moreira Wardleison Martins , dos Santos Débora Federici , Straioto Henrique , Vieira Marcelo Fernandes
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Natural zeolite's inefficiency in removing organic compounds has been a significant challenge in water treatment. To address this, this study focuses on an innovative and efficient hydrothermal process for altering the zeolitic structure. The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for hydrothermal zeolite treatment to remove diclofenac, thereby contributing to the expansion of zeolite's potential use in water treatment.

RESULTS

The study found that modification temperature significantly affected diclofenac removal, whereas cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) concentration impacted modification yield. The conditions (150 °C, 0.374 gCTAB/gzeolite, for 6 h) were selected for their mildness and effectiveness. Characterization showed a reduction in micropores, development of mesopores and an increase in clinoptilolite content while maintaining crystallinity. Fourier transform infrared analysis and zeta potential measurements confirmed the surfactant's presence. Adsorption tests indicated that pH, except at extremely basic levels, did not affect diclofenac removal, highlighting the method's industrial applicability. The kinetic study revealed slower adsorption influenced by intraparticle diffusion. Equilibrium studies indicated spontaneous, exothermic adsorption as a result of stronger interactions between the modified adsorbent and diclofenac. The maximum adsorption capacity was 11.15 mg g−1, with hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions enhancing drug removal efficiency compared to unmodified zeolite.

CONCLUSION

The findings demonstrate the significant potential of hydrothermal modification with CTAB for using natural zeolites in wastewater treatment through adsorption. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
TRPV6 gene mutation associated with giant pancreatic pseudocyst with mediastinal extension in a pediatric patient: Lessons learned
Authors: Tosun Seda Nur , Yazol Merve , Ballıtaş Sümeyye , Türkyılmaz Zafer , Boyunaga Öznur Leman
Published: September 2024

Pancreatic pseudocyst is a common complication secondary to acute or chronic pancreatitis. The extension of a pseudocyst into the mediastinum is extremely rare, with notably few reported cases in the pediatric age group found in the literature. This report presents a giant pancreatic pseudocyst with mediastinal extension that developed secondary to TRPV6 gene mutation in a 12‐year‐old male patient with no previously known disease and normal laboratory values.
Photoactivated riboflavin‐doped hydroxy apatite nanospheres infiltered in orthodontic adhesives
Authors: Almoammar Salem , Alnazeh Abdullah A. , Kamran Muhammad Abdullah , Al Jearah Mohammed Mohsen , Qasim Muhammad , Abdulla Anshad M.
Published: September 2024

To assess micro‐tensile bond strength (μTBS), degree of conversion (DC), microleakage (ML) antibacterial efficacy, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic brackets to enamel with different concentrations of photoactivated riboflavin‐doped hydroxyapatite (HA) nanospheres (NS) (0%,1%,5% and 10%) and 0.5 wt% RF alone in orthodontic adhesive. Samples were included on the predefined inclusion criteria and positioned up to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Hydroxy apatite nanospheres (HANS) commercially bought were doped with RF. Surface characterization of HANS and RF‐doped HANS were assessed along with EDX analysis. Samples were grouped based on experimental orthodontic adhesive modification. Group 1: Transbond XT no modification, Group 2: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF, Group 3: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF‐doped 1% HANS, Group 4: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt % RF‐doped 5% HANS and Group 5: Experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF‐doped 10% HANS. Brackets were placed based on different adhesive modifications and samples underwent thermocycling. Samples were evaluated for μTBS, DC, and ML. The type of failure was assessed using ARI. Adhesive modified and un‐modified in four different concentrations (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%) and 0.5 wt% RF only were used to test efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans). The survival rate of S.mutans and ML was determined using the Kruskal–Wallis Test. For the analysis of μTBS, ANOVA was employed, followed by a post‐hoc Tukey HSD multiple comparisons test. The highest μTBS and lowest ML were observed in Group 2 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF only. The lowest μTBS, highest ML, and lowest DC was seen in Group 5 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF‐doped 10% HANS. Samples in Group 1 in which Transbond XT was used as adhesive demonstrated significantly the highest microbial count of S.mutans and DC. Photoactivated RF‐doped HANS in 1% and 0.5 wt% Riboflavin alone in orthodontic adhesive for metallic bracket bonding improved micro tensile bond strength, ML, DC, and antibacterial scores.

Research Highlights

The highest μTBS and lowest ML were observed in Group 2 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF only.

The lowest μTBS, highest ML, and lowest DC was seen in Group 5 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF‐doped 10% HA‐NS.

Samples in Group 1 in which Transbond XT was used as adhesive demonstrated significantly the highest microbial count of S.mutans and DC
Twisted Kähler–Einstein metrics on flag varieties
Authors: Correa Eder M. , Grama Lino
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we present a description of invariant twisted Kähler–Einstein (tKE) metrics on flag varieties. Additionally, we delve into the applications of the concepts utilized in proving our main result, particularly concerning the existence of the invariant twisted constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics. Moreover, we provide a precise description of the greatest Ricci lower bound for arbitrary Kähler classes on flag varieties. From this description, we establish a sequence of inequalities linked to optimal upper bounds for the volume of Kähler metrics, relying solely on tools derived from the Lie theory. Further, we illustrate our main results through various examples, encompassing full flag varieties, the projectivization of the tangent bundle of , and families of flag varieties with a Picard number 2.
Family History in Parkinson's Disease: A National Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Arienti Federica , Casazza Giovanni , Franco Giulia , Lazzeri Giulia , Monfrini Edoardo , Di Maio Alessandro , Erro Roberto , Barone Paolo , Tamma Filippo , Caputo Elena , Volontè Maria Antonietta , Cacciaguerra Laura , Pilotto Andrea , Padovani Alessandro , Comi Cristoforo , Magistrelli Luca , Valzania Franco , Cavallieri Francesco , Avanzino Laura , Marchese Roberta , Sensi Mariachiara , Carroli Giorgia , Eleopra Roberto , Cilia Roberto , Spagnolo Francesca , Tessitore Alessandro , De Micco Rosa , Ceravolo Roberto , Palermo Giovanni , Malaguti Maria Chiara , Lopiano Leonardo , Tocco Pierluigi , Sorbera Chiara , Tinazzi Michele , Ciammola Andrea , Ottaviani Donatella , Valente Enza Maria , Albanese Alberto , Blandini Fabio , Canesi Margherita , Antonini Angelo , Carecchio Miryam , Fetoni Vincenza , Colosimo Carlo , Volpe Daniele , Tambasco Nicola , Cossu Giovanni , Zappia Mario ,   Italian Study Group on Family History in PD, Di Fonzo Alessio
Published: September 2024

Background

Family history of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common finding in PD patients. However, a few studies have systematically examined this aspect.

Objectives

We investigated the family history of PD patients, comparing demographic and clinical features between familial PD (fPD) and sporadic PD (sPD).

Methods

A cross‐sectional study enrolling 2035 PD patients was conducted in 28 Italian centers. Clinical data and family history up to the third degree of kinship were collected.

Results

Family history of PD was determined in 21.9% of patients. fPD patients had earlier age at onset than sporadic patients. No relevant differences in the prevalence of motor and nonmotor symptoms were detected. Family history of mood disorders resulted more prevalently in the fPD group.

Conclusions

fPD was found to recur more frequently than previously reported. Family history collection beyond the core family is essential to discover disease clusters and identify novel risk factors for PD.
Outcomes in children with first‐relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Japan: Results from JCCG Study JPLSG‐ALL‐R08
Authors: Yamanaka Junko , Ogawa Chitose , Arakawa Ayumu , Deguchi Takao , Hori Toshinori , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Ueki Hideaki , Nishi Masanori , Mochizuki Shinji , Nishikawa Takuro , Kumamoto Tadashi , Nishiuchi Ritsuo , Kikuta Atsushi , Yamamoto Shohei , Koh Katsuyoshi , Hasegawa Daisuke , Ogawa Atsushi , Watanabe Kenichiro , Sato Atsushi , Saito Akiko M. , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Manabe Atsushi , Horibe Keizo , Goto Hiroaki , Toyoda Hidemi
Published: September 2024

Background/objectives

The Berlin–Frankfurt–Münster (BFM)‐S classification is a crucial prognostic indicator in children experiencing first‐relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Early molecular response to therapy, evaluated by measurable/minimal residual disease (MRD), has a significant impact on the survival of patients with childhood ALL. Applying risk stratification based on the BFM‐S classification and MRD response after induction, the first nationwide prospective multicenter study, ALL‐R08, was conducted in children with first‐relapsed ALL in Japan.

Methods

The ALL‐R08 study comprised two parts: ALL‐R08‐I, an observational study aimed at obtaining an overall picture of outcomes in first‐relapsed childhood ALL, and ALL‐R08‐II, a clinical trial for the non‐T‐ALL S2 risk group. In ALL‐R08‐II, patients with an MRD level of ≥10−3 at the end of induction therapy were assigned to undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HCT), whereas those with an MRD level less than 10−3 and isolated extramedullary relapse continued to receive chemotherapy.

Results

In total, 163 patients were enrolled in the ALL‐R08 study, and 82 and 81 patients were enrolled in the ALL‐R08‐I and the ALL‐R08‐II, respectively. In ALL‐R08‐I, the probability of 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) for patients with S1, S2, S3, S4, and post‐HCT groups was 83% ± 15%, 37% ± 11%, 28% ± 8%, 14% ± 7%, and 0%, respectively. In the ALL‐R08‐II trial, 3‐year EFS in patients with post‐induction MRD less than 10−3 and ≥10−3 was 70% ± 9% (n = 27) and 68% ± 8% (n = 31) (p = .591), respectively.

Conclusions

ALL‐REZ BFM‐type treatment is equally effective for children with first‐relapsed ALL treated according to the Japanese frontline protocols and for children with first‐relapsed ALL treated according to the BFM‐type frontline protocols.
Mechanical and electromagnetic absorption study on polyaniline and graphene oxide filled epoxy reinforced with graphite‐carbon plate composites for stealth application
Authors: Srikar H. S. , Hariharan A. , Manikandan K. , Arul Jeya Kumar A.
Published: September 2024

This research focuses on understanding of polymer composites' ability to absorb Radio frequency waves for stealth application, specifically for evading radar detection. The composites were developed using a Carbon‐Graphite base plate layered with carbon fiber mat on both sides reinforced in a polyaniline (PANI) and Graphene oxide (GO) mixed Epoxy matrix with added triethylamine (TEA). Four samples with different volume percentage were fabricated, having same Epoxy of 52%, Hardener of 26% and PANI of 10%, but different volume percentages of GO and TEA. The fabricated composites are named as EPCG‐1 (4% GO and 8% TEA), EPCG‐2 (5% GO and 7% TEA, no Carbon fiber), EPCG‐3 (5% GO and 7% TEA) and EPCG‐4 (7% GO and 5% TEA). The developed composites were characterized by subjecting to tensile testing, Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis, Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Impedance spectroscopy and Directional Coupler test. The EPCG‐4 composites achieve a highest tensile strength of 45.61 N/mm2 and highest absorbance of 1.574 AU corresponding to a wavelength of 875.00 nanometers. The microwave absorbing capacity was evaluated in terms of absorption, reflection and transmission, where the highest shielding efficiency of 32.76 is observed in EPCG‐4 composite when tested in X‐band frequency range (8–12 GHz). Infrared indicated the stretching of bonds like CN and CH due to addition of graphene oxide. The permittivity of the composite is higher for EPCG‐4 composite. Compared to all the tested composites, EPCG‐4 exhibits better mechanical and stealth properties.

Highlights

Development of electromagnetic absorbing composites material for stealth application.

Conductive composites of Graphite‐Carbon plate, layered with Carbon fiber mat bonded by PANI and GO mixed Epoxy matrix are prepared.

Analyzing radio‐frequency absorption, reflection and transmission of the composites using wave guide method.

UV–vis spectroscopy analysis the wave absorbing capacity of stealth composites.

Microscopic analysis on stealth composite to understand the conducting fillers distribution.
A novel mutation in SoIAA20 confers cross‐resistance to 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and other auxinic herbicides in Sonchus oleraceus
Authors: Krishnan Mahima , Petrovic Tijana , Schwerdt Julian G. , Merriam Alicia B. , Hereward James P. , Preston Christopher
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and other auxinic herbicides are important for weed control in cropping systems globally. Weeds with resistance to 2,4‐D and other auxinic herbicides have evolved, including several populations of Sonchus oleraceus from multiple sites in Australia. We report the underlying mechanism in these populations that gives rise to auxinic herbicide resistance.

RESULTS

We studied a total of three susceptible and eight resistant Sonchus oleraceus populations. All resistant populations had a deletion of three amino acids flanking the degron sequence of an Aux/IAA gene, SoIAA20, which was not found in the three susceptible populations. The eight populations with the resistant allele were also resistant to dicamba, fluroxypyr and clopyralid. The resistant plants also had reduced movement of 2,4‐D out of the treated tissues compared to susceptible plants.

CONCLUSION

The paired deletion flanking the degron region of SoIAA20 likely provides resistance to 2,4‐D by restricting the movement of 2,4‐D from the treated tissue to the rest of the plant. We hypothesise that this deletion keeps the 2,4‐D bound to the target site. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Electrochemical Performance of Flexible Electrodes for Supercapacitors, Lithium‐Ion Batteries, and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiao Zhiyuan , Li Xinyi , Pan Jiarui , Qi Meili , Guo Xiaoling
Published: September 2024

In summary, Ni(OH)2 nanoflowers (Ni(OH)2 NFs) and Ni(OH)2 nanoflowers grown on Ni foan (Ni(OH)2 NFs@NF) were synthesised using a one‐step hydrothermal process. In energy storage applications, the Ni(OH)2 NFs@NF can be a useful electrode material. When utilized as a supercapacitor electrode material, the Ni(OH)2 NFs@NF shows a discharge specific capacity of 100.0 F g−1, which is greater than that of pure Ni(OH)2 NFs (27.3 F g−1) at an applied current density of 0.4 A g−1. In lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the Ni(OH)2 NFs@NF composite is used as an anode and has primordial discharge and charge capacities of 1595.2 and 1104.3 mAh g−1, individually. Lithium‐ion batteries are made possible by the Ni(OH)2 NFs@NF anode, which has an amazing capacity of 213.8 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. Ni(OH)2 NFs@NF are employed as sodium ion batteries(SIBs) anodes, and Ni(OH)2 NFs@NF has 440.0 and 217.9 mAh g−1 for the primal discharge and charge capacities, individually. The Ni(OH)2 NFs@NF anode with a high capacity of 122.7 mAh g−1 following 50 cycling numbers allows for construction of lithium ion batteries,Ni(OH)2 NFs@NF has better sodium and lithium ion storage capacity than Ni(OH)2 NFs.The content of this study is intended to provide a reference for future research on nickel hydroxide flexible electrodes.
Novel 3D Printed Biomaterials Based on Fish Scale Collagen and Plant Extracts and Its Hemostatic Efficacy
Authors: Tran Hoang Dung , Thai Hoang , Thuy Nguyen Duong Thi , Thi Vu Mai , Tuan Nguyen Anh , Xuan Nguyen Thai , Cam Ngo Quyen Thi , Thuy Nguyen Chinh
Published: September 2024

This study focused on 3D printing‐preparation of novel biomaterials based on fish scale collagen and the following plant extracts: Eclipta alba L. Hassk leaf (EA), Piper betle L. leaf (PB), Perilla frutescens L. Britt leaf (PF), and Styphnolobium japonicum L. Schott flower bud (SJ). The characterizations of the obtained biomaterials were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and stereo microscopy. Additionally, assessments of the biomaterials were conducted on the water contact angle, simulated body fluid contact angle, scratch resistance, color changes, and swelling degree in simulated body fluid. Furthermore, in‐vitro blood clotting time and the anti‐inflammatory ability of these biomaterials were also performed. The results indicated that the plant extracts contributed to modifying collagen, significantly improving the scratch resistance and water contact angle of the collagen/plant extract biomaterials. The plant extracts were dispersed consistently with the collagen matrix, impacting the vibrations of specific functional groups of collagen. Collagen/plant extract dressings exhibited great biocompatibility and anti‐inflammatory. The in‐vitro tests demonstrated that the ethanol EA extract notably enhanced the hemostatic effectiveness of collagen, suggesting the potential of collagen/plant extract biomaterials in hemostatic applications.
Zincophile Zn2+ Conductor Regulation by Ultrathin Nano MoO3 Coating for Dendrite‐Free Zn Anode
Authors: Lin Haisheng , Cai Shujuan , Li Lanyan , Ma Zhongyun , Wang Xianyou , Liang Shuquan , Fang Guozhao , Xiao Manjun , Luo Zhigao
Published: September 2024

Aqueous battery with nonflammable and instinctive safe properties has received great attention. However, issues related to Zn anode such as side reactions and rampant dendrite growth hinder the long‐term circulation of AZMBs. Herein, an ultrathin(35 nm) MoO3 coating is deposited on the Zn anode by means of vacuum vapor deposition for the first time. Due to the peculiar layer structure of MoO3, insertion of Zn2+ in ZnxMoO3 acts as Zn2+ ion conductor, which regulates Zn2+ deposition in an ordered manner. Additionally, the MoO3 coating can also inhibit the hydrogen evolution and corrosion reactions at the interface. Therefore, both Zn//MoO3@Cu asymmetric battery and Zn symmetric battery cells manage to deliver satisfactory electrochemical performances. The symmetric cell assembled with MoO3@Zn shows a significant long cycle life of more than 1600 h at a current density of 2 mA cm−2. Meanwhile, the MoO3@Zn//Cu asymmetric cell exhibits an ultrahigh Zn deposition/stripping efficiency of 99.82% after a stable cycling of 650 h at 2 mA cm−2. This study proposes a concept of “zincophile Zn2+ conductor regulation” to dictate Zn electrodeposition and broadens novel design of vacuum evaporation for nano MoO3 modified Zn anodes.
Biogeographic, climatic, morphological, cytological and molecular data reveal a new diploid species from China in the genus Xanthocyparis (Cupressaceae)
Authors: Jiang Yu‐Liang , Li Jia‐Liang , Milne Richard Ian , Nguyen Khang Sinh , Han Zhi‐Tong , Huang Yu‐Song , Xu Wei‐Bin , Liu Yan , Mao Kang‐Shan
Published: September 2024

The genus Xanthocyparis was described in 2002 for a new conifer species X. vietnamensis from northern Vietnam, which became well‐known for its rarity. Recently, natural diploid populations were found in a small area of northern Guangxi, China, whereas material from Vietnam plus newly discovered populations from southern Guangxi were determined to be tetraploids. We integrated evidence from multiple data sources to perform a taxonomic evaluation of the two ploidy levels present in Xanthocyparis. Morphometric analyses detected statistically significant differences in cone and leaf characters, whereas microsatellite and transcriptome analyses revealed clear genetic divergence between diploid and tetraploid material. Furthermore, analysis of bioclimatic variables confirmed divergence in ecological niches. Gene trees from homologous sequences indicate that tetraploid material might have arisen via allopolyploidy from the extant diploid material and a third, possibly extinct lineage. Therefore, we recognize and describe a new diploid species from northern Guangxi China: Xanthocyparis guangxiensis.
Non‐invasive blood pressure measurement in conscious rabbits: A comparison of Doppler ultrasonic and oscillometric devices
Authors: González‐González Enrique , González‐Alonso‐Alegre Elisa , Montesinos‐Barceló Andrés , Caro‐Vadillo Alicia
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aimed to compare Doppler (the most commonly used technique for non‐invasive indirect blood pressure [NIBP] measurement in rabbits) and oscillometric devices for NIBP measurements in conscious rabbits.

Methods

Blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained for 49 conscious rabbits using the Doppler and oscillometric devices. Each measurement was repeated in triplicate. Three rabbits were excluded from the study because it was not possible to obtain BP measurements using the oscillometric device. The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) guidelines were followed to compare the results obtained with the two devices.

Results

A total of 164 systolic BP measurements were obtained with the Doppler device and 182 were obtained with the oscillometric technique. The mean of the three values obtained for each animal with each device was used for statistical analysis. The analysis demonstrated a poor level of agreement between the measurements obtained with the two devices.

Limitations

Oscillometric devices rely on built‐in software algorithms to perform calculations and produce their measurements. However, the oscillometric devices currently available only have the software for dogs and cats installed. Therefore, these conclusions should be revised when a device with software specifically for rabbits is commercialised.

Conclusions

This study indicates that oscillometric devices should not be used as a substitute for the Doppler technique when measuring BP in rabbits.
The Text and the Work
Authors: Rimas Juozas , Rimas Jr Juozas
Published: September 2024

The author brings out the most important aspects of this vast topic from the perspective of a musician. The text is the primary given for musical interpretation which indicates a hidden meaning. The text is aggressive because it declares what is written in it, and powerless, because everyone can do with it as they please (T. Sodeika). The work is only a promise, since what unfolds within it “does not yet exist” (A. Maceina). The work issues a challenge which expects to be met (H. Gadamer). The said [le dit] does not count as much as saying [le dire] (E. Levinas): for the explanation of musical language, expression is required. The text is not an entity of signs closed in itself, but a space in which lines of semantic impulses are drawn (I. Melnikova). The deep semantics of the text are not what the author was intending to say but what the text itself speaks of (A. J. Greimas): a work says more than is embraced by the creator’s consciousness (A. Maceina). Hermeneutics envisages the restoration of the meaning of the text or the creation of that meaning by a new interpretation which is already that of the interpreter (J. Baranova). Texts exist by way of escaping from the captivity of their signs. Only the interpreted—intoned—musical text becomes a creative work.
Significance and Meaning (the Given and the Goal)
Authors: Rimas Juozas , Rimas Jr Juozas
Published: September 2024

In terms of significance, the text is a sequence of signs, but in terms of meaning, the text appears as a semantic unit (as a creative work). Significance is a reference to what is human; meaning is a reference to what is beyond human (A. Šliogeris). Anything acquires meaning if it refers to something beyond itself (M. K. Cohen). Consciousness is nothing apart from its ideal object, that is, the essence, the eidos (D. Stewart, A. Mickunas). Knowing what you would like to understand is a contribution to the creation of order in one’s actions (R. Brague). In music, intonation can be considered synonymous with meaning since it is only through intonation that the meaning—the idea—is manifested. The self-contained autonomy of the musical code (G. Steiner). Meaning never emerges as a final given thing (J. Kubilius): interpretation, as access to meaning, is a never-ending action. The prefix ex- indicates direction from something: the ex- direction—in the case of expression—is an action moving from the understood meaning to its external manifestation in sound. The grasp of meaning requires a competent relationship with the text of the musical work, founded on knowledge of general and musical culture.
Chamelon : A Delta-Debugger for OCaml
Authors: Valnet Milla , Courant Nathanaëlle , Bury Guillaume , Chambart Pierre , Laviron Vincent
Published: September 2024

Tools that manipulate OCaml code can sometimes fail even on correct programs. Identifying and understanding the cause of the error usually involves manually reducing the size of the program, so as to obtain a shorter program causing the same error—a long, sometimes complex and rarely interesting task. Our work consists in automating this task using a minimiser, or delta-debugger. To do so, we propose a list of unitary heuristics, i.e. small-scale reductions, applied through a dichotomy-based state-of-the-art algorithm. These proposals are implemented in the free Chamelon tool. Although designed to assist the development of an OCaml compiler, Chamelon can be adapted to all kinds of projects that manipulate OCaml code. It can analyse multifile projects and efficiently minimise real-world programs, reducing their size by one to several orders of magnitude. It is currently used to assist the industrial development of the flambda2 optimising compiler.
Situationsanalyse – Methoden zur Klärung des ethischen Mandates von Pflegekammern
Authors: Kuhn Andrea
Published: September 2024

Zur Konzeption einer Programmtheorie ist die Konturierung des komplexen Themenfeldes Ethik in der Pflege in Deutschland im Lichte von Pflegekammern erforderlich. Die Methodologie folgt einem qualitativen Approach, der die strukturierte Eingrenzung und Kartierung der Komplexität ermöglicht. Eine Situationsanalyse bündelt das vorhandene Wissen in zentrale Argumentationsstränge. Zu beachten sind komplexe Faktoren, die die Implementierung von Ethik in Strukturen und Prozesse von Pflegekammern beeinflussen, seien es Normen, Wissensstände, politische Interessen und vieles mehr. Methodisch dient eine fokussierende Scoping Studie als Instrument der Situationsanalyse. Die Ergebnisse laufen im Logic Model Building zusammen. Sie kondensieren die nötigen Bausteine zur Konzeption der Programmtheorie für eine nachhaltige Umsetzung des ethischen Mandats von Pflegekammern in und für die professionelle Pflege.
Advertisements for prescription-free drugs and dietary supplements in the Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung (German Pharmacist Journal)
Authors: Kuschel Kristian , Seifert Roland
Published: September 2024

The Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung (DAZ, German Pharmacist Journal) is an independent pharmaceutical newspaper focusing on science and practice, mainly for the profession of pharmacist. In this study, drug advertising in the DAZ was analysed. To our knowledge, there is little scientific data available on drug advertising in professional journals. We assumed that professional journals provide particularly good background information on the advertised drugs because they are targeted to specialists. All non-prescription medicines and preparations that fall under the Medicines Advertising Law (Heilmittelwerbegesetz, HWG) were studied. The Medicines Advertising Law regulates the legal procedure for advertising medicinal products in Germany. The 167 product advertisements from the 52 issues of 2021 were analysed and checked for compliance with the Medicines Advertising Law. We identified significant deficiencies in compliance with the legislation. These included the lack of mandatory information required by the Medicines Advertising Law, for example the indication of adverse drug reactions and the listing of contraindications. There are very few peer-reviewed references on the efficacy of the advertised preparations. A scientific validation was carried out using the PubMed database, with the result that scientific information was available only for 1/3 of the advertisements. In addition, the appearance and target groups as well as social structures, images and feelings conveyed by the advertising were analysed. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of drug advertising in professional journals, which have not yet been researched to any great extent. Even in professional journals, pharmacological evidence plays a much smaller role than marketing, psychology and traditional social values. It seems that drug manufacturers deliberately ignore the German Medicines Advertising Law to advertise their products in the best possible way. Stricter legal controls should be put in place to prevent this practice and protect consumers from misinformation. This will increase drug safety.
Identification of transformation products from fluorinated lithium-ion battery additives TPFPB and TPFPP: forever chemicals of tomorrow?
Authors: Scholl Juliane , Lisec Jan , Haase Hajo , Koch Matthias
Published: September 2024

Fluorinated organic compounds (FOCs) represent a class of synthetic chemicals distinguished by their resilient carbon–fluorine bonds, which demonstrate an ability to withstand environmental degradation over an extended period. The integration of FOCs into cutting-edge applications, including lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), presents considerable potential for environmental harm that has not yet been sufficiently addressed. This study focuses on the environmental fate of two fluorinated aromatics, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) and tris(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine (TPFPP), given their important role in improving the performance of LiBs. To achieve this, laboratory simulation methods including total oxidizable precursor assay, electrochemistry (EC), Fenton reaction, UV-C irradiation, and hydrolysis were employed. Liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry were used for identification of transformation products (TPs) and prediction of their molecular formulae. Despite the structural similarity between TPFPB and TPFPP, distinct differences in electrochemical behavior and degradation pathways were observed. TPFPB readily underwent hydroxylation and hydrolysis, resulting in a wide range of 49 TPs. A total of 28 TPs were newly identified, including oligomers and highly toxic dioxins. In contrast, TPFPP degraded exclusively under harsh conditions, requiring the development of innovative conditioning protocols for EC. In total, the simulation experiments yielded nine structurally different compounds, including seven previously undescribed, partially defluorinated TPs. This study highlights the potential risks associated with the use of FOCs in LiBs and provides insight into the complex environmental behavior of FOCs.

Graphical Abstract