bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of visible light sticks for collecting of adult caddisflies (Trichoptera): A preliminary field study

Authors: KIMURA GORO , KURANISHI RYOICHI B.
Published: June 2020

Local residents along the Uji River, Kyoto, Japan, may be exposed to seasonal invasions of adult caddisflies. Ultraviolet (UV)-blocking materials are believed to be an effective pest management tool because adult caddisflies are often attracted to light sources that emit large amounts of UV light. To clarify the effect of the visible spectrum, we collected adult caddisflies using blue, green, and yellow light sticks that did not emit UV light. Traps were operated from 18:30 (sunset: 18:22) on September 2, 2016 to 06:00 (sunrise, 05:31) on September 3, 2016. We collected 382 adults representing eight species of caddisflies. Green light sticks attracted the most numerous individuals (189 adults, seven species), followed by blue (134 adults, seven species), then yellow (59 adults, five species). Paduniella tanidai Nishimoto was the dominant species (331 adults). These results suggest that adult caddisflies are attracted not only to the UV spectrum but also the visible spectrum.
Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Trichoptera (Table of Contents)
Authors: LAUDEE PONGSAK , MORSE JOHN C.
Published: June 2020

Table of Contents
New techniques for improving resolution and visual information on flight activity in Trichoptera

Authors: McILLERON W. GEOFF , DE MOOR FERDINAND C.
Published: June 2020

Earlier design and use of photographic rigs for recording insects in free flight, and the applications and shortcomings of those efforts are reviewed. Improvements included the following: Replacement of laser beams with infrared (IR) LED beam-emitters and IR phototransistor detectors; an array of nine intersection points to increase the possibility of capturing images; improved electronic circuitry to avoid multiple image capture; more energy-efficient and smaller UV light sources to attract insects; a more rigid aluminium frame to support the UV and IR LED transmitters and detectors; development of an ultra-high-speed flash system 5 μs, or faster, to produce even sharper images than those produced by the 25 μs standard speedlight flash units set at 1/128th power; and a transportable wooden box to house all the electronic components and mounts for cameras and speedlights. This paper describes the design features of the rig and its use in the field and illustrates and compares photographic results obtained using a variety of photographic techniques aimed at providing high quality, sharp, images of insects in free flight, continuous traces of the flight pattern of insects, strobe images, and combinations of these techniques. From these images reasonably accurate estimates of insect size, wing beat frequency, flight speed, and information on mechanics of flight can be obtained.
Index to key words, taxa, geographical distribution, and authors

Authors: MORSE JOHN C.
Published: June 2020

Index
PREFACE: Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Trichoptera
Authors: LAUDEE PONGSAK , MORSE JOHN C.
Published: June 2020

The 16th International Symposium on Trichoptera found the community of world caddisfly scholars once again in Thailand, in Surat Thani Province during 1–14 June 2018. This second Thai-based symposium was hosted by Prince of Songkla University, Chiang Mai University, and Mahasarakham University.
Trichoptera diversity in Icelandic springs
Authors: KREILING AGNES-KATHARINA , GÍSLASON GÍSLI M. , KRISTJÁNSSON BJARNI K.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to characterize the Trichoptera fauna of freshwater springs in Iceland and to relate distribution of caddis larvae to environmental properties of the springs. Out of a total of 48 springs sampled, Trichoptera larvae were found in only eleven. Larval densities were low, as was species diversity. Only three of the 12 species known to occur in Iceland were found: Apatania zonella, Limnephilus griseus, and Limnephilus affinis. The occurrence of A. zonella in springs in North-Iceland may suggest that springs might play a role as refugia for this species that is otherwise excluded from the area by larvae of the predatory caddis species Potamophylax cingulatus, which seems to be absent from spring habitats. Caddis larval abundance was higher in rheocrene springs and in springs with sandy substrate, and decreased with increasing water temperature. Presence or absence of Trichoptera larvae, on the other hand, was not associated with any of the environmental variables measured.
Diversity of Trichoptera emergence and their longitudinal distribution along streams in central Palawan, the Philippines

Authors: MEY WOLFRAM , FREITAG HENDRIK
Published: June 2020

Trichoptera emergences were cumulatively collected from two rivers in central Palawan over 11 months by use of specially modified emergence traps. The quantitative samples were identified at species level. Fifty morphospecies, of which fifteen have been recently newly described, are recognized. The highest species diversity was found in pristine headwater streams. Leptoceridae were most speciose with eleven Oecetis spp., four Leptocerus spp., two Adicella spp., and one species each of Tagalopsyche, Triaenodes, and Triplectides. Highest abundances were observed for Ecnomus cabayugani (Ecnomidae), Dipseudopsis digitata, and Hyalopsyche winkleri (Dipseudopsidae) which contributed alone 34% of the annual emergence. A mid-stream site where mayflies were mainly absent had the highest Trichoptera emergence, brackish water sites the lowest. Many species in Palawan (44% of the taxa) were recorded at a single locality, suggesting that they are stenoecious and that the real number of species on the island might be distinctly higher. This is the first study ever covering quantitative and species-level Trichoptera emergence data for a longitudinal river course.
Alcohol Availability, Use, and Harms Among Adolescents in Three Mexican Cities
Authors: Ringwalt Christopher L. , Paschall Mallie J. , Grube Joel W. , Miller Ted R. , Warren Kenneth R. , Gidi Virginia , Fisher Deborah A. , Goldberg Allison
Published: June 2020

Alcohol remains readily available to youth in most countries. We examined the associations between both the on- and off-premises commercial availability of alcohol to youth and their alcohol use, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol-related harms. We conducted the study using data from a survey of a sample of 594 students in central Mexico between 12 and 17 years of age in 2016. Both the perceived availability of alcohol and the purchasing of alcohol at an off-premises establishment were positively related to past-30-day alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking, as well as to alcohol-related harms in the past year. Consumption at on-premises establishments was also positively associated with alcohol-related harms. Preventive efforts to reduce the availability of alcohol at off- and on-premises establishments, by such strategies as mystery shopper and responsible beverage service programs, are imperative.
Culture as An Aspect of the Total Personality
Authors: Gioseffi William V.
Published: June 2020

This article has validity for our field since blind people represent a cross section of the varied cultural groups that make up America. It is important for practitioners to understand the mores, folkways and social institutions of the people they serve. What variations in reaction to blindness may be expected from individuals who have roots in Puerto Rico, or Poland or China, or Mexico or Ireland?

More provocative is the question: Do “the blind” constitute a subculture in our society? A subculture has been described as follows: “Every society is internally differentiated into numerous subgroups, each with ways of thinking and doing that are in some respects peculiarly its own, that one can acquire only by participating in these subgroups and that one can scarcely help acquiring if he is a full-fledged participant.”

Would it then follow that blind persons who, in their employment or in their social activities, are associated almost exclusively with other persons who are blind do tend to become members of a subculture?
Braille Instruction for Blind Diabetic Adults with Decreased Tactile Sensitivity
Authors: Harley Randall K. , Pichert James W. , Morrison Merrie
Published: June 2020

Special educators may assume that diabetic persons who are blind and have decreased tactile sensitivity cannot be taught to read braille. This article describes a three-part study that compared the tactile sensitivity and braille-discrimination ability of blind diabetic and blind nondiabetic adults. In the first phase, the diabetic subjects required 80 percent more stimulation before reporting any tactile sensation on a modified Optacon. In the second phase, no significant difference was found in the subjects’ ability to discriminate standard and enlarged braille characters. In the third phase, four tactually impaired blind diabetic adults received training and demonstrated ability in learning to read enough braille for use in daily living.
The Rehabilitation Process for Persons who are Deaf and Blind
Authors: Nelipovich Michael , Naegele Lois
Published: June 2020

The Rehabilitation Services Administration has identified deaf-blind persons as composing a priority population. The authors indicate the service delivery adaptations that professionals should consider when serving a deaf-blind client. The traditional vocational rehabilitation process is utilized as the service delivery model. Modifications of historical methods are suggested.
Behavioral Training in the Acquisition of Skills for Blind, Severely Retarded Adults
Authors: Luiselli James K.
Published: June 2020

The research described in this article evaluated the effectiveness of a behavioral training program for improving the prevocational work performance of three blind, severely retarded women. In two studies, in which the three women were trained separately, a program that combined response-contingent prompting and reinforcement procedures was successful in increasing the quantity of tasks that each woman completed. Data from one study also demonstrated that attentional behavior was enhanced following training and that improved performance could be sustained with low levels of prompts from the trainer.
An Assessment of the Needs of Rehabilitated Veterans
Authors: Schulz E. Matthew , Lambert Ross W. , Becker Selwyn W. , Wright Benjamin D. , Bezruczko Nicholas
Published: June 2020

The continuing needs of rehabilitated blind veterans were assessed with an activities questionnaire and analyzed using the Rasch measurement model. The questionnaire included self-care, home care, travel, recreation, writing, and reading. Respondents indicated how much time they would be willing to spend in order to improve their performance in these activities. The assessment, therefore, is based on patients’ subjective perceptions of their own needs. Further training in many of the activities was unnecessary, but where needs existed, it was concentrated primarily in reading areas and, to a lesser extent, in recreation and home care. From these results, we conclude that rehabilitated veterans believe they have continuing unmet needs despite the fart that resources currently are allocated to address those needs.
Blindism: Likely Causes and Preventive Measures
Authors: Abang Theresa B.
Published: June 2020

An examination of “blindisms” in four school-age blind children in Nigeria and England: how these behaviors develop, how they can be reduced, and the cultural differences in the two countries which may contribute to the devlopment of blindisms.
The Fire-Alarm Game: Exit Training Using Negative and Positive Reinforcement under Varied Stimulus Conditions
Authors: Holburn C. Steven , Dougher Michael J.
Published: June 2020

Techniques for training a severely retarded blind client to exit his living unit during a fire drill without freezing, using a combination of negative and positive reinforcement dubbed the “Fire-Alarm Game” are described. Following a shaping procedure in which the opening of an exit door resulted in cessation of the alarm and then praise, the client learned to leave his living unit from any internal point through generalization training and subsequent test probes. Training was conducted in a relatively casual manner in an atmosphere of fun and good sport.
Wayfinding Information for Congenitally Blind Individuals
Authors: Passini R. , Delisle J. , Langlois C. , Proulx G.
Published: June 2020

The paper reports on a wayfinding study aimed at identifying the information needs of the congenitally totally blind population. A route-finding experiment in a complex architectural setting was undertaken with a group of 15 congenitally totally blind and a matched control group of 15 sighted subjects. The experiment showed that, compared to the sighted control group, the blind persons planned the journey in more detail, requiring for this purpose additional environmental information. During the journey, they formulated significantly more decisions and used significantly more units of information than the sighted control. Furthermore, the nature of the information used and its source were also different for the two groups. A cognitive mapping exercise, on the other hand, showed the blind to perform virtually as well as the sighted person.
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Tait P.E.
Published: June 2020

This paper reviews the literature concerning optive nerve hypoplasia, including septo-optic dysplasia. It examines the cause and pathogenesis of optic nerve hypoplasia and analyzes the data from a total of 189 cases taken from three recent studies. General information, maternal history and subject characteristics are examined. Because of an apparent increase in the frequency with which this syndrome occurs, resulting in visual impairment and associated with midline defects, it is recommended that research which emphasizes behavioral and learning characteristics be conducted.
Notes From the Field: Availability of Satellite Pharmacies and Pharmacy Service Units in Nigerian Hospitals—Implications for Pharmaceutical Care
Authors: Daniel-Ebune Ene , Jatau Abubakar Ibrahim , Burji Sai’du Lawal , Mohammed Mustapha
Published: June 2020

The optimal provision of pharmaceutical care services requires an adequate number of pharmacists, satellite pharmacies and service units at healthcare facilities. We examined the availability of these requirements at Nigerian hospitals using the 2016 nationwide inspection reports of hospital pharmacies conducted by the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria. Records of 254 hospitals inspected were retrieved, of which 171 (67.3%) were public. The total number of pharmacists across facilities was 753. The most common satellite pharmacy units recorded were antiretroviral 80 (31.5%) and emergency departments 48 (18.8%). The most common service units were drug revolving funds 176 (69.3%) and drug information 112 (44.1%) units. These findings suggest the availability of pharmacists, satellite pharmacies and service units are inadequate for the optimal delivery of pharmaceutical care services at healthcare facilities in Nigeria. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to improve the provision of pharmaceutical care services at health care facilities in Nigeria.
Extradyadic Sex and Psychological Distress among Married and Cohabiting Young Adults: An Examination of Internalized and Externalized Responses
Authors: Wenger Marin R. , Frisco Michelle L.
Published: June 2020

Extradyadic sex (EDS) is a major relationship violation, yet it occurs in nearly a quarter of United States cohabiting and marital unions. While many relationships dissolve in the wake of EDS, a majority remain intact. Theories of social stress suggest that substantial psychological distress should result unless EDS is a symptom of stress caused by involvement in a relationship marked by other negative characteristics. This study investigates how one’s own EDS, a partner’s EDS, and mutual EDS are related to internalizing and externalizing behaviors: depressive symptoms and heavy alcohol use, respectively. Analyses of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health suggest that one’s own EDS is associated with heavy alcohol use among cohabiters and spouses and with depressive symptoms among spouses, while partner EDS has no association with either outcome, net of confounders. We discuss the implications of these findings in the study’s conclusions.
Parents' Shift Work in Connection with Work–Family Conflict and Mental Health: Examining the Pathways for Mothers and Fathers
Authors: Zhao Yixuan , Cooklin Amanda R. , Richardson Alice , Strazdins Lyndall , Butterworth Peter , Leach Liana S.
Published: June 2020

Shift work might aggravate work–family conflict and mental health. The current study used moderated-mediation analyses to investigate the association between shift work and mental health, whether work–family conflict explained this association, and whether the pathways differed between genders. The sample included 756 mothers and 452 fathers participating in the “Families at Work” survey, an online nationwide community-based survey of employed parents. The findings highlight the complex interplay between parents' work schedules, work–family conflict and psychological distress. They show some evidence that working irregular shifts was associated with higher work–family conflict in connection with higher psychological distress, with fathers at greater risk. Working regular shifts was associated with poorer mental health, but this was not related to increased work–family conflict, and this association was stronger for mothers. As the labor force becomes increasingly fractured, it is critical that the impacts of non-standard work schedules continue to be considered.
A meta-analysis of self-assessment and language performance in language testing and assessment
Authors: Li Minzi , Zhang Xian
Published: June 2020

This meta-analysis explores the correlation between self-assessment (SA) and language performance. Sixty-seven studies with 97 independent samples involving more than 68,500 participants were included in our analysis. It was found that the overall correlation between SA and language performance was .466 ( p < .01). Moderator analysis was performed to evaluate the moderating effects of a number of variables that are believed to play important roles in SA. Six moderators were found to have significant moderating effects, including SA criteria type, presence and form of SA criteria, SA instruments, training, total number of items in the SA instrument, and reliability of SA instruments. However, no significant moderating effect was identified for external measures, language skills, order of assessment, reliability of external measures, and number of Likert-scale levels. These findings offer a number of implications for improving the SA–performance correlation.
Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen during transition from wakefulness to sleep measured with high temporal resolution OxFlow MRI with concurrent EEG
Authors: Caporale Alessandra , Lee Hyunyeol , Lei Hui , Rao Hengyi , Langham Michael C , Detre John A , Wu Pei-Hsin , Wehrli Felix W
Published: June 2020

During slow-wave sleep, synaptic transmissions are reduced with a concomitant reduction in brain energy consumption. We used 3 Tesla MRI to noninvasively quantify changes in the cerebral metabolic rate of O2 (CMRO2) during wakefulness and sleep, leveraging the ‘OxFlow’ method, which provides venous O2 saturation (SvO2) along with cerebral blood flow (CBF). Twelve healthy subjects (31.3 ± 5.6 years, eight males) underwent 45–60 min of continuous scanning during wakefulness and sleep, yielding one image set every 3.4 s. Concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) data were available in eight subjects. Mean values of the metabolic parameters measured during wakefulness were stable, with coefficients of variation below 7% (average values: CMRO2 = 118 ± 12 µmol O2/min/100 g, SvO2 = 67.0 ± 3.7% HbO2, CBF = 50.6 ±4.3 ml/min/100 g). During sleep, on average, CMRO2 decreased 21% (range: 14%–32%; average nadir = 98 ± 16 µmol O2/min/100 g), while EEG slow-wave activity, expressed in terms of [Formula: see text]-power, increased commensurately. Following sleep onset, CMRO2 was found to correlate negatively with relative [Formula: see text]-power (r = −0.6 to −0.8, P < 0.005), and positively with heart rate (r = 0.5 to 0.8, P < 0.0005). The data demonstrate that OxFlow MRI can noninvasively measure dynamic changes in cerebral metabolism associated with sleep, which should open new opportunities to study sleep physiology in health and disease.
A meta-analysis of remote ischaemic conditioning in experimental stroke
Authors: Weir Philippa , Maguire Ryan , O’Sullivan Saoirse E , England Timothy J
Published: June 2020

Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) is achieved by repeated transient ischaemia of a distant organ/limb and is neuroprotective in experimental ischaemic stroke. However, the optimal time and methods of administration are unclear. Systematic review identified relevant preclinical studies; two authors independently extracted data on infarct volume, neurological deficit, RIC method (administration time, site, cycle number, length of limb occlusion (dose)), species and quality. Data were analysed using random effects models; results expressed as standardised mean difference (SMD). In 57 publications incorporating 99 experiments (1406 rats, 101 mice, 14 monkeys), RIC reduced lesion volume in transient (SMD −2.0; 95% CI −2.38, −1.61; p < 0.00001) and permanent (SMD −1.54; 95% CI −2.38, −1.61; p < 0.00001) focal models of ischaemia and improved neurological deficit (SMD −1.63; 95% CI −1.97, −1.29, p < 0.00001). In meta-regression, cycle length and number, dose and limb number did not interact with infarct volume, although country and physiological monitoring during anaesthesia did. In all studies, RIC was ineffective if the dose was <10 or ≥50 min. Median study quality was 7 (range 4–9/10); Egger’s test suggested publication bias ( p < 0.001). RIC is most effective in experimental stroke using a dose between 10 and 45 min. Further studies using repeated dosing in animals with co-morbidities are warranted.
Simultaneous nicotine and oral contraceptive exposure alters brain energy metabolism and exacerbates ischemic stroke injury in female rats
Authors: Diaz Francisca , Raval Ami P
Published: June 2020

Smoking-derived nicotine (N) and oral contraceptives (OC) synergistically exacerbate ischemic brain damage in the females and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our published study showed that N toxicity is exacerbated by OC via altered mitochondrial function owing to a defect in the activity of cytochrome c oxidase. Here, we investigated the global metabolomic profile of brains of adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to N ± OC. Rats were randomly exposed to saline or N + /−OC for 16–21 days followed by random allocation into two cohorts. One cohort underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and histopathology was performed 30 days later. From the second cohort, cortical tissues were collected for an unbiased global metabolomic profile. Pathway enrichment analysis showed significant decrease in glucose, glucose 6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate, along with a significant increase in pyruvate in the N + /−OC exposed groups when compared to saline ( p < 0.05), suggesting alterations in the glycolytic pathway which were confirmed by Western blot analyses of glycolytic enzymes. Infarct volume quantification showed a significant increase following N alone or N + OC as compared to saline control. Because glucose metabolism is critical for brain physiology, altered glycolysis deteriorates neural function, thus exacerbating ischemic brain damage.
In vivo imaging of synaptic SV2A protein density in healthy and striatal-lesioned rats with [11C]UCB-J PET
Authors: Thomsen Majken B , Jacobsen Jan , Lillethorup Thea P , Schacht Anna C , Simonsen Mette , Romero-Ramos Marina , Brooks David J , Landau Anne M
Published: June 2020

The number of functionally active synapses provides a measure of neural integrity, with reductions observed in neurodegenerative disorders. [11C]UCB-J binds to synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) transmembrane protein located in secretory vesicles. We aimed to assess [11C]UCB-J PET as an in vivo biomarker of regional cerebral synaptic SV2A density in rat lesion models of neurodegeneration. Healthy anesthetized rats had [11C]UCB-J PET and arterial blood sampling. We compared different models describing [11C]UCB-J brain uptake kinetics to determine its regional distribution. Blocking studies were performed with levetiracetam (LEV), an antiepileptic SV2A antagonist. Tracer binding was measured in rodent unilateral acute lesion models of Parkinsonism and Huntington’s disease, induced with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and quinolinic acid (QA), respectively. [3H]UCB-J autoradiography was performed in postmortem tissue. Rat brain showed high and fast [11C]UCB-J uptake and washout with up to 80% blockade by LEV. [11C]UCB-J PET showed a 6.2% decrease in ipsilateral striatal SV2A binding after 6-OHDA and 39.3% and 55.1% decreases after moderate and high dose QA confirmed by autoradiography. In conclusion, [11C]UCB-J PET provides a good in vivo marker of synaptic SV2A density which can potentially be followed longitudinally along with synaptic responses to putative neuroprotective agents in models of neurodegeneration.
Diagnostic performance of plain radiography for sacroiliitis in patients with suspected axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Youngjune , Chee Choong Guen , Kim Junghoon , Cho Jungheum , Yoon Min A , Chung Hye Won
Published: June 2020

Background

Plain radiography serves a pivotal role in diagnosing axial spondyloarthritis. However, a broad range of diagnostic performance of plain radiography has been reported.

Purpose

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to measure the diagnostic performance of plain radiography for sacroiliitis in patients suspected of having axial spondyloarthritis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings as the reference standard.

Material and Methods

Studies comparing radiography and MRI in the diagnosis of sacroiliitis in patients suspected of having axial spondyloarthritis were searched in PubMed and EMBASE. Additionally, studies analyzed SPondyloaArthritis Caught Early (SPACE), DEvenir des Spondylarthropathies Indifferenciées Récentes (DESIR), GErman Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort (GESPIC), and South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group (SSATG) cohorts were manually searched. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of radiography were calculated by using a bivariate random-effects model. Meta-regression analyses were performed to identify the sources of heterogeneity.

Results

Eight eligible studies with 1579 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of radiography were 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.40–0.69) and 0.87 (95% CI = 0.72–0.95). The meta-regression analyses showed prospective study design and criteria for MRI positivity considering only active bone marrow edema were associated with lower sensitivity.

Conclusion

The plain radiography showed low sensitivity and reasonable specificity in diagnosis of sacroiliitis in patients suspected of having axial spondyloarthritis.
Clinical and image features: large-vessel vasculitis after granulocyte colony stimulating factor administration
Authors: Sugai Yasuhiro , Toyoguchi Yuuki , Kanoto Masafumi , Kirii Kazukuni , Hiraka Toshitada , Konno Yoshihiro , Watarai Fumika , Kamio Yukinori , Seino Manabu , Ohta Tsuyoshi , Nagase Satoru
Published: June 2020

Background

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is known to cause vasculitis, mainly in the small vessels. Several cases of large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) caused by G-CSF have recently been reported in the literature; we retrospectively suspect that some cases of LVV in our institution were associated with administration of G-CSF.

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical and radiological findings in our cases and to compare them with those in previous reports.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively evaluated clinical and radiological findings in four cases of LVV that occurred after administration of G-CSF in our institution. We also reviewed papers on G-CSF-related LVV and compared their findings to ours.

Results

G-CSF-related LVV occurred in patients aged > 50 years and more frequently in women. Most patients developed vasculitis within 15 days after the last administration. While 14/16 patients were symptomatic, the remaining two patients were asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. In all cases, laboratory inflammatory markers increased, but there were no autoantibodies that clearly indicated other autoimmune vasculitis. Computed tomography revealed elevated soft tissue density around the affected vessels.

Conclusion

LVV is among the potential adverse events of G-CSF administration. We should keep this outcome in mind when we interpret medical images of patients with previous G-CSF treatment history even if they are asymptomatic.
Automated breast ultrasound compared to hand-held ultrasound in surveillance after breast-conserving surgery
Authors: Depretto Catherine , Liguori Alessandro , Primolevo Alessandra , Di Cosimo Serena , Cartia Francesco , Ferranti Claudio , Scaperrotta Gianfranco P.
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

To investigate the agreement between automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and hand-held ultrasound (HHUS) in surveillance of women with a history of breast cancer in terms of recurrences or new ipsilateral or contralateral breast cancer.

Methods:

The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and informed consent was waived. From April to June 2016, women with dense breasts undergoing annual surveillance with mammography and HHUS after breast-conserving surgery were offered supplemental ABUS (Invenia). HHUS was performed by a breast radiologist and ABUS by a trained technician. Images were reviewed by 2 breast radiologists. A per-patient BI-RADS category was independently assigned in all cases and categories were dichotomized into negative (1, 2, 3) and positive (4, 5). Cohen κ, McNemar, and Wilcoxon statistics were used. Final pathology was used as reference standard for malignant lesions.

Results:

A total of 154 women (mean age 62±11 years) were enrolled. Time from surgery was a mean of 8±6 years. Cancer prevalence was 4/154 (2.6%). Interreader agreement for ABUS was 1. Intermethod interreader agreement for HHUS and ABUS was substantial for BI-RADS categories (κ = 0.785) and for dichotomic assessment (κ = 0.794). There was no difference in dichotomic assignment between 2 readers ( p = 0.5) but a significant difference in assigning BI-RADS categories ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

A substantial agreement resulted between HHUS and ABUS in surveillance of women with a previous history of breast cancer. In particular, ABUS recognized all cancers detected by HHUS and could play a role in first-level surveillance of women at intermediate risk.
Corruption and Trust in Police: Investigating the Moderating Effect of Procedural Justice
Authors: K. Nalla Mahesh , Nam Yongjae
Published: June 2020

This article examines the role of citizens’ contact with police and their assessments of officers’ corruption in police in India. More importantly, we examine whether police procedural justice moderates the relationship between citizens’ assessments of police corruption and trust. Data ( N = 845) from Delhi, India, suggest that consistent with the literature, citizens’ trust in police is explained by their contact with police, fear of crime, police effectiveness, and corruption in police work. However, two significant findings emerged from this analysis. First, though citizens’ perception of police corruption is a significant explanatory variable of trust in police, procedural justice moderates the strength of the relationship of corruption on trust. Second, the nature of contact experience reveals essential differences in the moderating effect of procedural justice on the relationship between corruption and trust in police. Finally, irrespective of the nature of contact experience, police effectiveness, and trust in police is related.
Prison Strains, Negative Emotions, and Deviance Among Prisoners in South Korea: A Latent-Variable Modeling Test of General Strain Theory
Authors: Joon Jang Sung
Published: June 2020

This article examines the applicability of general strain theory to correctional samples by testing whether prison strains are positively related to deviance among prisoners through strain-associated negative emotions and whether the negative emotions-deviance relationship is systematic in terms of inner versus outer directedness. Latent-variable structural equation modeling was applied to analyze survey data from 986 male prisoners in South Korea. First, an inmate’s dissatisfaction with correctional officers was found to be positively related to anger and fear of victimization, whereas in-prison victimization was related only to the fear. Second, outer-directed emotion (anger) was positively related to outer-directed deviance (aggressive and property misconduct and anticipated reoffending) but not to inner-directed deviance (self-injury/suicide attempt). On the contrary, inner-directed emotion (fear) was related positively to the inner-directed deviance but inversely to property misconduct. Finally, some of the indirect relationships of victimization and dissatisfaction with deviance via negative emotions were found to be significant.
Investigating Mental Health Implications for Drug Court Participants
Authors: Humenik Alexis M. , Shivaji Sindhu , Dolan Sara L.
Published: June 2020

Drug Court Treatment (DCT) Programs seek to integrate substance abuse treatment into the criminal justice system by providing a structured environment for offenders who engage in treatment in lieu of incarceration. DCT has shown successes in reducing drug/alcohol use, recidivism, and cost, but the impact of DCT on non-substance-related mental health outcomes is less clear. This study evaluated mental health correlates within a DCT sample through analyses of participants’ pre-entry and pre-graduation Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—Second Edition (MMPI-2) profiles. When diagnostic information was available, mood disorders had the highest comorbidity with alcohol/substance use diagnoses. Comparisons across administrations of the MMPI-2 indicated significant differences among mean scores on 6 Clinical scales, and mean profile elevation scores significantly decreased. Results suggest a significant presence of mental health comorbidities in DCT programs, and significant mental health improvements were seen for graduates, suggesting the utility of DCT for treating mental health problems in addition to substance use.
A three-dimensional (3D) printed paediatric trachea for airway management training
Authors: Carter Jane C , Broadbent James , Murphy Ella C , Guy Bernard , Baguley Katherine E , Young Jeremy
Published: June 2020

There is a deficit of commercially available paediatric airway models for anaesthesia airway management training, particularly for infant front-of-neck access and customised airway planning. Acknowledging this, we created a three-dimensional printed prototype for an affordable, high-fidelity training device, incorporating realistic tactile feedback, reproducibility and potential for modification for specific patient pathologies. Our model, created on a Stratasys Polyjet J750™ (Rehovot, Israel) printer, is a novel and useful educational tool in paediatric airway management, and we are pleased to share access to this resource with readers. Our work adds credence to three-dimensional printing as an accessible, reproducible and pluripotent technology in clinical anaesthesia.
No efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation on chronic migraine with medication overuse: A double blind, randomised clinical trial
Authors: Grazzi Licia , Usai Susanna , Bolognini Nadia , Grignani Eleonora , Sansone Emanuela , Tramacere Irene , Maravita Angelo , Lauria Giuseppe
Published: June 2020

Background

Transcranial direct current stimulation was suggested to provide beneficial effects in chronic migraine, a condition often associated with medication overuse for which no long-term therapy is available.

Methods

We conducted a randomised controlled trial to assess long-term efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation. Adults diagnosed with chronic migraine and medication overuse were assigned to receive in a 1:1:1 ratio anodal, cathodal, or sham transcranial direct current stimulation daily for five consecutive days, along with standardised drug withdrawal protocol. Primary outcome was 50% reduction of days of headache per month at 12 months. Co-secondary outcomes were 50% reduction of days of headache per month at 6 months, reduction of analgesic intake per month, and change in disability and quality of life, catastrophising, depression, state and trait anxiety, dependence attitude and allodynia intensity. Patients were not allowed to take any migraine prophylaxis drug for the entire study period.

Results

We randomly allocated 135 patients to anodal (44), cathodal (45), and sham (46) transcranial direct current stimulation. At 6 and 12 months, the percentage of reduction of days of headache and number of analgesics per month ranged between 48.5% and 64.7%, without differences between transcranial direct current stimulation (cathodal, anodal, or the results obtained from the two arms of treatment, anodal plus cathodal) and sham. Catastrophising attitude significantly reduced at 12 months in all groups. There was no difference for the other secondary outcomes.

Conclusions

Transcranial direct current stimulation did not influence the short and long-term course of chronic migraine with medication overuse after acute drug withdrawal. Behavioral and educational measures and support for patients’ pain management could provide long-term improvement and low relapse rate. Trial registration number NCT04228809
Impaired wound healing in a migraine patient as a possible side effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antibody treatment: A case report
Authors: Wurthmann Sebastian , Nägel Steffen , Hadaschik Eva , Schlott Swantje , Scheffler Armin , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Holle Dagny
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Wound healing disturbances as possible side effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antibody treatment have been discussed previously but not yet described in humans. Basic research suggests that calcitonin gene-related peptide plays an important role in keratinocyte migration, vascularization and immune response and lack of calcitonin gene-related peptide may lead to impaired wound healing.

Case

A 51-year-old female migraine patient was treated with the CGRP receptor antibody erenumab for 6 months, which led to a relevant reduction of migraine days. During the treatment, two periods of severely impaired wound healing occurred after a trivial skin injury without spatial relation to the injection site. Skin biopsy confirmed a deep perivascular and interstitial lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with admixed eosinophils, ulceration of the epithelium, a heavy edema of the papillary dermis and focally thrombosed vessels.

Conclusion

Impaired wound healing might be relevant side effects of CGRP antibody therapy and anamnesis within the course of treatment should also include possible observation of impaired wound healing or planned surgery.
Multiple Regression Model for Load Rating of Reinforced Concrete Bridges
Authors: Ruiz Edgardo , Freyne Seamus
Published: June 2020

This paper describes the development of a multiple regression model to estimate the load rating of reinforced concrete bridges. There are over 250,000 reinforced concrete bridges in the U.S. many of which do not have a load rating on record nor the plans required to perform the calculations. The U.S. Army owns and maintains hundreds of these bridges throughout the U.S. An exploratory data analysis of the 2017 National Bridge Inventory (NBI) data was performed for the selection of a representative data sample. The data required significant processing to extract a reliable sample for modeling. After processing, a data sample of 31,112 bridges remained, which provided a sufficient sample for model training and validation. A six-variable linear model that relates inventory rating to span length, deck width, year built, region, design load, and superstructure condition was determined to provide the best performance while maintaining a desired low level of complexity. The model had an adjusted R2 of 0.514 and a standard error of 6.51 metric tons (7.17 tons). The model was validated against unseen data by comparing the percentage of cases that fell within its 95% prediction interval, which resulted in 94.9% of the real values falling within the prediction interval.
Modeling Lane-Changing Behaviors in Merging Areas of Urban Expressways in Nanjing, China
Authors: Chen Quan , Wang Hao , Dong Changyin
Published: June 2020

Merging bottlenecks in urban expressways have attracted much attention in recent years. In this paper, vehicular mandatory lane-changing (MLC) data are collected from Yingtian Avenue in Nanjing, China using cameras. Based on a series of video processing algorithms, 656 MLC behaviors of 1,560 vehicles are extracted from videos. A logistic regression model is proposed to depict MLC at the merging bottleneck and estimate the possibility of accepting gaps for merging, which is validated by precision testing and simulation. During the simulation, a discretionary lane-changing (DLC) model is utilized and calibrated to describe vehicular DLC behaviors for the sake of consistency and completeness. Finally, by simulating different arrival rates of mainline and ramp, a linear regression model is built to predict breakdown at merging bottlenecks. According to data analysis, the MLC model represents high precision during the decision-making process. Besides, the breakdown prediction model implies strong correlation between traffic demand and breakdown occurrence.
Surgical Patient Safety Officers in the United States: Negotiating Contradictions Between Compliance and Workplace Transformation
Authors: van de Ruit Catherine , Bosk Charles L.
Published: June 2020

A largely uncoordinated patient safety movement arose in response to the Institute of Medicine’s 1999 report on patient safety, To Err Is Human. Two key outcomes have resulted from that movement: (a) new guidelines that enlarge requirements for documenting compliance with patient safety data and (b) a new obligation for health care organizations to create a “safety culture” based on the “science” of safety. The organizational title patient safety officer (PSO) designates a member of an emerging occupation charged with assuming these enlarged responsibilities. This article seeks, first, to describe the emergence of this new organizational role, the PSO; second, to identify the new tensions that task and mission inflation have created for PSOs; and third, to examine how PSOs manage the tensions between their increased core work task and their new professional mission as agents of organizational change. Drawing on interviews conducted with 32 PSOs, 127 nurses, and 36 physicians in 17 surgical departments across 5 states in the United States from 2012 to 2015, the authors find that PSOs most commonly resolve the tension between core work activity and professional mission by focusing on their task as agents of audit and compliance. The authors find, as well, that when PSOs attempt to use their expanded role as social reformers to change behaviors in surgery, they must overcome the resistance of frontline workers. They require cooperation from executives and surgeons to effect change. When this support is unavailable, PSOs lose their voice and may abandon efforts to improve safety.
Analysis of Satisfaction of Patients Undergoing Breast Augmentation Using BREAST-Q
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to document a patient’s evaluation after breast augmentation using BREAST-Q. The study was conducted in a private cosmetic surgery setup among female patients undergoing breast augmentation silicone implant surgery or fat transfer. All the surgeries were performed by a single surgeon under general anesthesia. Three parameters of BREAST-Q were noted preoperatively and after 9months. All the data were analyzed statistically. The mean age of the patients was 28.6 years. The average implant volume was 331 mL (range, 250-455 mL). The patients undergoing fat transfer had an average of 391.7 mL (range, 295-450 mL) injected on each side. There was a statistically significant difference noted in the scores preoperatively and postoperatively. The use of validated survey instruments plays an important role in improving patient-reported outcomes. Breast augmentation with fat transfer was shown to have higher patient satisfaction using BREAST-Q.
Caregiver–Child Symptom Concordance: Links to Premature Termination From Trauma-Focused Therapy
Authors: Wamser-Nanney Rachel
Published: June 2020

Rates of attrition from child trauma-focused treatment are high, yet few predictors of premature termination are known. Caregiver-child symptom discrepancies are common in this population and have been related to treatment outcome. However, research has not examined whether caregiver–child symptom concordance is associated with attrition. The aim of the study was to determine whether pretreatment caregiver–child symptom agreement predicted premature termination from trauma-focused treatment. Two hundred and sixty-nine treatment-seeking children ages 8 to 12 ( M = 9.97, SD = 1.49; 64.7% female, 51.3% Black) and their non-offending caregivers were included in the study. Two operational definitions of attrition are as follows: (a) clinician-rated dropout, and (b) whether the child received an adequate dose of treatment (i.e., 12 or more sessions), which were used to more thoroughly examine premature termination. Rates of attrition were high (68.1% clinician-rated premature termination, 37.4% received inadequate dose). Levels of symptom concordance between caregivers and children were low across symptom difficulties (intraclass correlations = .003–.16). Lower levels of discordance for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were associated with an increased likelihood of receiving an adequate dose of treatment (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03). Nonetheless, unexpectedly, higher levels of caregiver–child discordance for anxiety symptoms at pretreatment predicted both clinician-rated treatment completion and adequate dose (ORs = .97, .96, respectively). However, caregiver’s and children’s perceptions of children’s trauma-related difficulties may not converge, and thus, both reports are important to assess. Symptom disagreement regarding PTSS may help identify families at risk for attrition.