URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND TOTAL PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN TPSA
Authors: BEADINI Albin , ELEZI Adelina , ÇAKARALOSKI Koço , HASANI Learta 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The urinary system consists of four main organs: the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, and these organs work to filter blood, remove waste, form urine, and eliminate urine from the body. In recent years there have been encouraging strides in understanding and studying the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and total prostate specific antigen-TPSA. Purpose of the study: The purpose of the research will focus on biochemical markers such as: urea, creatinine, uric acid as urine degradation products and identification of parameters of diseases of the urogenital tract. Urinary status parameters will also be analyzed such as: proteinuria, hematuria, glycosuria, bilirubin, urobilinogen, pH, etc., parameters which are present during diseases and infections of the urogenital tract. The purpose of the paper will also analyze the bacteriological and virological parameters such as: ureoplasma, mycoplasma, chlamydia, toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus, which are identifying parameters for infections of the urogenital tract in different age groups and genders. This work will also consist in the measurement of total prostate specific antigen-TPSA as a main marker for the identification of prostate diseases. Material and method: In the research, a total of 50 male patients will be taken to analyze the urinary condition. Urine analyzes will be performed by collecting urine in sterile cups and using the urine microscopy method and the urine strip test using the chromatographic method, where these analyzes were performed according to the European guideline standards manual (2023). Vitek is an identification system that can identify bacteria and yeast. This test uses the biochemical reactions and nutrient utilization of the microorganism to make the identification of the bacteria and the antibiogram. The test requires that a sufficient amount of growth be obtained during a specified growth period of 18 – 70 hours. Patients of the study group for Total Prostate Specific Antigen (TPSA) were analyzed through the blood serum in ng/mL of the patients with the fluorescent immunoassay test method with Vidas Biomerie. Also 20 patients to analyze the total prostate specific antigen TPSA with serum and will be analyzed with fluorescent enzymatic immunoassay methods (Vidas). SPSS – Software package version 20.0 Numerical series were analyzed using central tendency measures (average, median, minimum values, maximum values), as well as distribution measures (standard deviation); To determine the regularity of the frequency distribution of the examined variables, the Shapiro-Wilk W Test was used; Non-parametric tests for two independent parameters were used to test the significance and difference between some numerical parameters with irregular frequency distribution (Mann Whitney U test); To determine statistical significance, a two-way analysis was used with a significance level (means) of p<0.05. Results: From the results, it was found that urinary infections are frequent and appear during the attack with bacteria and viruses such as ureoplasma, mycoplasma, chlamydia and cytomegaloviruses, which are identifying parameters for infections of the urogenital tract in different age groups of the male gender. Conclusion: From the analyzes performed on patients of different age groups, we came to the conclusion that: • The parameters of the urinary system will be able to give a real picture of infectious diseases of the urinary tract. • Biochemical markers can identify the functional state of the urinary tract. • Antibiogram and cytomegaloviruses - microbiological and virological status can give an insight into the type of urinary infections. • The prostate-specific antigen TPSA can be taken as the main marker for the identification of tumoral disease of the prostate gland.