bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educação em ciências por investigação e pedagogia da pergunta: relações, apostos e insurreições
Authors: Ferreira Marcello , Silva Filho Olavo Leopoldino da , Fonseca Marcos Orso da , Batista Michel Corci
Published: March 2024

No campo das didáticas, a Educação em Ciências por Investigação (ECI) articula pesquisa e prática pedagógica como dispositivo que potencializa o desenvolvimento crítico em processos educacionais. Pauta-se na investigação de problemas com base nos conteúdos curriculares, considerando os materiais didáticos e os saberes prévios envolvidos. É precisamente nesses dois elementos que se percebe a semelhança com a Pedagogia da Pergunta (PP), abordagem pautada em preceitos correlatos, estruturados sob a teoria da Educação Libertadora de Paulo Freire, e cujo cerne é o desenvolvimento de interagentes em situações de ensino e aprendizagem, possibilitando transformações produtivas das respectivas realidades. Assim, objetivamos discutir relações, apostos e insurreições entre a ECI e a PP, fazendo recurso a teorias que embasam a didática das ciências como se colocam no modelo brasileiro. A pesquisa possui natureza qualitativa, utilizando a abordagem bibliográfica e análise comparativa. No ensejo dessa análise, é possível observar que ambas estão contidas na epistemologia construtivista: a primeira aborda normativamente a Educação, como projeto de qualidade política e formal; a segunda, uma perspectiva localizada, dirigida às práticas de ensino. Isso denota que a ECI está contida numa educação que seja permeada pela PP, extrapolação compatível a contextos múltiplos de desenvolvimento, inovação e avaliação educacional.
IMPACT OF DIGITAL PEDAGOGY ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING OF STUDENTS DURING GLOBAL PANDEMICS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Kritika Chaudhary
Published: March 2024

The migration of the teaching learning process to online mode during the pandemic has posed a plethora of difficulties and challenges for the young students across the world. It highlights the difficulties faced by students and the stress on the education system during times of medical health emergencies and lockdown situations in the past. Objective: To undertake a narrative review of studies assessing the impact of the lockdown crisis on the student wellbeing and education. Methods: Keyword searches of PubMed and Google Scholar databases led to the identification of 25 studies for the present review. Results: Studies (n = 25) exploring the students’ experience of lockdown and the impact of pandemic situations on their education were identified. Analysis of the results of these studies revealed the following main themes: Impact on students’ mental health, causes of deteriorated mental health of students: multiple heterogeneous stressors, socio-economic divide in education, gendered impact of epidemics and impact on the educational system: challenges of e- learning. Conclusion: Lockdown situations not only disrupt the normal study routine of students and causes a slowdown in their learning curve; it also creates a significant mental burden causing adverse impacts on their mental health. The lack of appropriate technological devices and the lack of sufficient internet bandwidth has deepened the educational divide. Remote education systems have proven inadequate in replicating the chalk and talk methodologies of teachers. Future directions are discussed.
THE ROLE OF BODY IMAGE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT ON SELF-CONFIDENCE OF COVER DANCER K-POP IN JAKARTA
Authors: Qurrotu A’yun & Dearly
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine there is a role of body image and social support on self-confidence of cover dancer K-pop in Jakarta. The samples were taken by purposive sampling technique with total of subject is 219 people. The measuring instruments of this study is self-confidence scale that proposed by Guilford (1959), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Apperarance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) by Cash & Pruzinsky, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) by Zimet et al. Each measuring instrument has a reliable. Most of the respondents has a moderate level of body image and there are still some respondents who have a low body image. It is means there are still many cover dancers who view and evaluate their body image as negative. Likewise, for social support and self-confidence, most respondents are in the moderate category. This show that there are still respondents who have low social support and self-confidence. The result of study showed that body image and social support have a role on cover dancer K-pop’s self-confidence either partially or together.
PENGARUH KECERDASAN EMOSI TERHADAP KEJELEKITAN KELOMPOK KERJA DALAM PASUKAN BOLA SEPAK
Authors: Nur Farah Syazwani Said  , Nurul Hudani Md Nawi
Published: March 2024

Kejelekitan kelompok kerja adalah perasaan daya tarik ahli kelompok untuk terus kekal sebagai ahli dan merasa menjadi sebahagian dari kelompok. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti pengaruh kecerdasan emosi terhadap kejelekitan kelompok kerja dalam pasukan bola sepak di Malaysia. Manakala objektif sampingannya pula adalah untuk mengenalpasti perbezaan kejelekitan kelompok kerja berdasarkan faktor demografi iaitu umur dan status perkahwinan. Reka bentuk kajian adalah kuantitatif dimana analisis berbentuk deskriptif dijalankan bagi melihat demografi sampel dan analisis inferensi iaitu regresi bagi mengenalpasti pengaruh kecerdasan emosi terhadap kejelekitan kelompok kerja serta ANOVA bagi mengenalpasti perbezaan kejelekitan kelompok kerja. Sampel adalah 252 orang pemain bola sepak bagi Liga Perdana dan Liga Super. Kajian ini menggunakan borang soal selidik Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) dan Group Cohesiveness Scale. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 26. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan diantara kecerdasan emosi bagi domain mengurus emosi sendiri dengan kejelekitan kelompok kerja dimana β= 0.172, t=2.758, k < 0.05. Hasil kajian juga mendapati bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan kejelekitan kelompok kerja berdasarkan umur dan status perkahwinan pemain.
THE ROLE OF LEARNING AGILITY AS MEDIATOR BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIOR
Authors: Irma Himmatul Aliyyah, & Raden Ahmad Idham
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of psychological empowerment on collaborative behavior with the learning agility as a mediator among PT. Kazeto employees. The urgency of this research is to reveal other factors that can improve individual and company performance. Population in this study were all employees of PT. Kazeto, 250 people, from the head office and 3 branches. This research used a comparative quantitative approach with accidental sampling method. The results of first hypothesis showed that there is an effect of learning agility on collaboration behavior among PT. Kazeto employees. The relation between the variables of learning agility and collaboration behavior showed a path coefficient value 0.636 with a T value 9.009. This value is greater than t table (1.960). This means that the hypothesis was accepted. The second hypothesis showed that there is an effect of psychological empowerment on collaborative behavior with learning agility as a mediator. Indirect effect showed T Statistics of psychological empowerment on collaborative behavior is 7.419 with P Value is 0.000. This mean that the hypothesis is accepted.
STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN EXTENSIVE READING AT THE HIGHER EDUCATION LEVEL
Authors: Hayanun, Yayu Heryatun & Siti Sa’diah  , Erna Risnawati
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze students' interest in Extensive Reading and find out what factors influence their interest in reading. This study was conducted at UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten and involved 30 students in the fifth semester. The research design used was descriptive qualitative. In collecting the data, a questionnaire and interview were employed. The results indicate that students have a low interest in Extensive Reading. This could be seen from the results of the overall average score of the questionnaire which only achieved 2,54. In addition, there are several factors that influenced their interest in Extensive Reading, including 1) The need for reading, 2) Feelings of pleasure and interest, 3) Types of reading, 4) The Intensity of reading, 5) The Development of information and communication technology, 6) Environment, and 7) Libraries. Therefore, it could be concluded that students' reading interest in Extensive Reading depends on their needs and other factors that influence it.
“Lítio Verde” no Vale do Jequitinhonha: ressurgência de discursos desenvolvimentistas e disputas internacionais
Authors: Lopes de Souza Lauanda
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo investiga a ressurgência e persistência dos discursos desenvolvimentistas de meados do século XX para o século XXI sobre o Vale do Jequitinhonha, especialmente através da entrada de mineradoras ligadas à exploração do lítio. Essas empresas têm ganhado visibilidade e gerado disputas territoriais internacionais para a região. Visto isso, examinou-se a entrada de discursos como as ideias de "Vale do Lítio" e "Lítio Verde", associadas às noções de "desenvolvimento sustentável" e "mineração responsável", que estão ligadas à construção de um consenso hegemônico em torno da atividade extrativista na América Latina. Identificou-se assim, como essas narrativas hegemônicas encobrem as assimetrias e constroem uma fachada verde sobre determinadas regiões, enquanto as fronteiras de mineração avançam rapidamente sobre os territórios. Destaca-se também, o papel do neoextrativismo como uma nova fase de exploração intensiva de recursos naturais, impulsionada pelo “Consenso das Commodities”. Ademais, buscou-se compreender por meio de uma revisão teórica, fontes documentais e jornalísticas, quais têm sido os impactos ambientais e sociais para a região do Vale do Jequitinhonha. Consequentemente, constatou-se, que o discurso de determinados empresários em seminários regionais, tem construído uma narrativa que desqualifica os territórios, desde os sujeitos aos recursos naturais, como o rio Jequitinhonha, que é essencial para abastecimento das comunidades locais, como as ribeirinhas, quilombolas e indígenas. Assim, a estigmatização da água do rio, tem servido para justificar a intensa utilização do recurso pelas mineradoras, enquanto as comunidades locais enfrentam escassez de água potável.
“Passando a boiada" na Educação Ambiental: os programas educacionais do agronegócio
Authors: Balbi de Figueiredo e Cordeiro Tássia Gabriele
Published: March 2024

Este artigo tem por objeto de estudo materiais educativos elaborados por programas educacionais do agronegócio, direta ou indiretamente vinculados à Educação Ambiental (EA). Considerando a inserção deste setor na educação, a análise de suas intencionalidades, bem como de seus possíveis reflexos na sociedade, pode ser um instrumento importante para a avaliação de suas condutas e para tomada de decisões. No que diz respeito à questão ambiental, a investigação da atuação do agronegócio torna-se ainda mais relevante, haja vista os dados e denúncias existentes sobre seus impactos nocivos ao meio ambiente, resultantes de sua expansão econômica predatória. De forma a investigar essas questões, optamos pela análise documental de três publicações, de diferentes entidades, voltadas para o público infantil: Tecendo Conexões, nº 5 (Programa Agrinho/Faep); Agronegócio: sua vida depende dele (Programa Educacional Agronegócio na Escola/Abag-RP); e Capitã Recicla nº 2 (Programa Óleo Sustentável/Abiove e Sindóleo). Os resultados demonstram que, além de um discurso que mascara a questão agrária, a atuação do agronegócio na EA promove, majoritariamente, ainda que em diferentes graus e formatos, um discurso conservador e de tendência pragmática, com ênfase em abordagens educacionais tradicionais e comportamentalistas.
Mulher negra sem terra: experiências de luta das acampadas de um território na Amazônia Paraense
Authors: Brito Teixeira Eliene
Published: March 2024

O artigo aborda a luta do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), com destaque para o Acampamento Resistência Terra Cabana localizado em Benevides, Pará, Brasil. O estudo busca refletir as formas de organização das mulheres negras do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) e suas estratégias de luta e resistência no Acampamento Terra Cabana localizado em Benevides, Pará, Brasil, utilizando o prisma do território como lente de análise. A pesquisa destaca a interseccionalidade entre gênero, raça e classe social e enfatiza a importância de reconhecer e valorizar as contribuições das mulheres negras para a luta pela reforma agrária e pela justiça social. Essa vivência reflete como as mulheres negras desempenham papéis cruciais dentro do MST, ocupando posições de liderança e influenciando diretamente o funcionamento do acampamento. Elas são agentes ativos na organização de mobilizações e na articulação de estratégias de resistência, na defesa de seus direitos e na promoção de mudanças sociais. Em suma, o estudo contribui para ampliar a compreensão sobre as dinâmicas de poder e resistência no contexto rural brasileiro, enfatizando o protagonismo das mulheres negras no MST e sua contribuição para a construção de uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária. As experiências e perspectivas dessas mulheres evidenciam um processo contínuo de luta pelos direitos e de construção de identidade, que inspira e fortalece não apenas o movimento de mulheres, mas também o movimento social como um todo.
TÜRKİYE'DEKİ ÇOK SESLİ KOROLARIN SON YILLARDAKİ GELİŞİMİ
Authors: BAYRAK Eren , KARAÇİL CERİT Verda
Published: March 2024

ÖZ
Çok sesli korolar, dünyada olduğu gibi, ülkemizde de son yıllarda önemli bir gelişim göstermiştir. Geleneksel Türk müziği ile batı müziği repertuvarlarını birleştirerek, daha geniş dinleyici kitlesine ulaşmayı hedeflemektedirler. Çok sesli koroların gelişimi, repertuvar çeşitliliği, teknolojik ilerlemeler ve sosyal medyanın etkisi gibi çeşitli faktörlerle doğru orantıda ilerlemektedir.
Çok sesli müzik eğitimi genellikle müzik eğitimi odaklı kurumlar aracılığıyla sağlanır ve öğrencilere müzik teorisi, armoni, solfej, ve çok sesli müziğin temel prensiplerini öğretir. Bu eğitim, öğrencilerin yeteneklerini geliştirmelerine ve bu alanda ilerlemelerine olanak sağlar. Bu eğitimleri veren kurumların sayısı arttıkça çok sesli müziğin gelişimi de desteklenir.
Çok sesli müziğin gelişiminde Atatürk'ün müziğe verdiği önem ve destek de oldukça önemlidir. Atatürk, çok sesli müziğin yaygınlaştırılması ve geliştirilmesi için çeşitli adımlar atmıştır. Türk müziğinin batı müziği tarzındaki dönüşümünü sağlayan Türk Beşleri gibi besteciler Türkiye'nin müzikal gelişiminde önemli rol oynamıştır. Özellikle Türk Beşlerinden Ahmed Adnan Saygun, klasik halk müziklerinin çok sesli koro müziğine uyarlamasında büyük katkı sağlamıştır.
Building a Greener Future: Sustainable Education and Employment Trends in the European Union
Authors: CIUCU (DURNOI) Alexandra-Nicoleta , DELCEA Camelia , IANCU Livia Diana , CIBU Bianca
Published: March 2024

One of the current problems facing humanity concerns the lack of balance between the skills of young people and the needs of the market. Quality Education is debated in the second Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) and proposes equal and affordable access to education, as well as increasing the number of young people and adults who possess relevant skills to obtain decent jobs; while SDG 8 defines Decent Work and Economic Growth, which aims to reduce the number of young people who are not employed or do not follow an educational or training program, as well as the inequalities encountered at work and the creation of decent jobs. The purpose of the current research is to analyze the two pillars that can make this equilibrium possible through the lens of the SDGs addressed to them. In this sense, a cluster analysis was carried out to determine the common characteristics, as well as the obvious differences between the EU member states. Following this analysis, it was observed that the countries in the south of the EU register significantly lower values regarding some of the six analyzed indicators compared to the other member states. The analysis conducted in this study can provide a valuable foundation for policymakers in the fields of education and employment as they formulate their decisions.
Problem-Based Teaching of Marketing Research and Students’ Living Conditions: An Example from A Polish University
Authors: MARCISZEWSKA Barbara
Published: March 2024

The motive behind the study and, consequently, the aim of this project is to show the possibility of engaging students in a cognitive process that leads to obtaining learning outcomes and implementing their work in research that leads to the acquisition of new knowledge. The importance of this study results from a gap in the literature, which, despite covering a multi-aspect discussion on "problem-based learning", does not address the students’ role in such a teaching process as co-creators and co-authors of research results; it is valuable to recognize they conduct research themselves as part of the teaching process. This research project used the methods: literature analysis, participant observation, and a survey - as an element of the teaching process while recognizing its role as a method for students to collect data from primary sources. The findings show that problem-based learning opens an opportunity for students to understand and emotionally feel the added value which is created by their own research work. It is an important way for improving self-esteem in the class and developing students’ research interests.
STEM Education and Soft Skills at Higher Education – Selected Results of The Erasmus+ Project ‘SOFTEN’
Authors: MINTA Stanisław , DYJAKON Arkadiusz , NOSZCZYK omasz , GALANI Christina , CONCIA Francesca , BOKMOTA autvydas , TOMASINI Alessandra , QUERREC Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

The paper presents the assumptions of the SOFTEN project (co-financed by EU through the Erasmus+ program) and issues related to higher education, STEM concept and indicates the importance of soft skills in the teaching process and building future professional competences of students (especially those that will help build a more environmentally friendly economy and help adapt to climate change). The main goal of the study is to exchange views in these areas of higher education, and additionally to disseminate the research results of the SOFTEN project. Source materials are primary and secondary. Secondary sources come from available literature and reports and studies of public institutions. Primary data was collected in the first half of 2023 using survey and interview methods. Respondents were students (98 persons) and academic staff (65 persons) from six countries (Poland, Finland, Greece, Italy, Lithuania and Portugal) where the institutions implementing the SOFTEN project come from. The descriptive method (including statistical description) was used to develop the research results, and the results are presented in descriptive, tabular, and drawing form. The results of the conducted research indicate a great need to integrate soft skills into existing higher education programs to better prepare future graduates for professional work, especially in industries of the green industry.
Metode Data Mining untuk Seleksi Calon Mahasiswa Baru pada Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru di Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik
Authors: Muhammad Zaky Al Mubarok  , Umi Chotijah
Published: March 2024

Muhammadiyah University of Gresik is one of the educational institutions in Gresik. Every year, the ratio of new students to graduates is not the same, which can affect the accreditation of the campus. To address this issue, a prediction is made on the data of prospective new students to detect whether they can graduate on time or not. A comparison of the classification results is performed using the K-Nearest Neighbor and Naive Bayes methods. From the implementation and testing, Naive Bayes achieves an accuracy of 72%, while the K- Nearest Neighbor method achieves an accuracy of 64%. Therefore, Naive Bayes is better at classifying the data of prospective new students compared to K-Nearest Neighbor.
Electron backscatter diffraction analysis unveils foraminiferal calcite microstructure and processes of diagenetic alteration
Authors: Procter Frances A. , Piazolo Sandra , John Eleanor H. , Walshaw Richard , Pearson Paul N. , Lear Caroline H. , Aze Tracy
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis enables a unique perspective of the internal microstructure of foraminiferal calcite. Specifically, EBSD provides crystallographic data from within the test, highlighting the highly organised “mesocrystal” structure of crystallographically aligned domains throughout the test, formed by sequential deposits of microgranular calcite. We compared EBSD maps across the test walls of both poorly preserved and well-preserved specimens of the planktonic foraminifera species Globigerinoides ruber and Morozovella crater. The EBSD maps, paired with information about intra-test distributions of Mg/Ca ratios, allowed us to examine the effects of different diagenetic processes on the foraminifera test. In poorly preserved specimens EBSD data show extensive reorganisation of the biogenic crystal microstructure, indicating differing phases of dissolution, re-precipitation and overgrowth. The specimens with the greatest degree of microstructural reorganisation also show an absence of higher concentration magnesium bands, which are typical features of well-preserved specimens. These findings provide important insights into the extent of post-depositional changes, in both microstructure and geochemical signals that must be considered when utilising foraminifera to generate proxy archive data.
CO2-driven and orbitally driven oxygen isotope variability in the Early Eocene
Authors: Campbell Julia , Poulsen Christopher J. , Zhu Jiang , Tierney Jessica E. , Keeler Jeremy
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Paleoclimate reconstructions of the Early Eocene provide important data constraints on the climate and hydrologic cycle under extreme warm conditions. Available terrestrial water isotope records have been primarily interpreted to signal an enhanced hydrologic cycle in the Early Eocene associated with large-scale warming induced by high atmospheric CO2. However, orbital-scale variations in these isotope records have been difficult to quantify and largely overlooked, even though orbitally driven changes in solar irradiance can impact temperature and the hydrologic cycle. In this study, we fill this gap using water isotope–climate simulations to investigate the orbital sensitivity of Earth's hydrologic cycle under different CO2 background states. We analyze the relative difference between climatic changes resulting from CO2 and orbital changes and find that the seasonal climate responses to orbital changes are larger than CO2-driven changes in several regions. Using terrestrial δ18O and δ2H records from the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), we compare our modeled isotopic seasonal range to fossil evidence and find approximate agreement between empirical and simulated isotopic compositions. The limitations surrounding the equilibrated snapshot simulations of this transient event and empirical data include timing and time interval discrepancies between model and data, the preservation state of the proxy, analytical uncertainty, the relationship between δ18O or δ2H and environmental context, and vegetation uncertainties within the simulations. In spite of the limitations, this study illustrates the utility of fully coupled, isotope-enabled climate models when comparing climatic changes and interpreting proxy records in times of extreme warmth.
A Novel Transformation of the Ice Sheet Stokes Equations and Some of its Properties and Applications
Authors: Dukowicz John K.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. A full-Stokes model provides the most accurate but also the most expensive representation of ice sheet dynamics. The Blatter-Pattyn model is a widely used less expensive approximation that is valid for ice sheets characterized by a small aspect ratio. Here we introduce a novel transformation of the Stokes equations into a form that closely resembles the Blatter-Pattyn equations. The transformed exact Stokes equations only differ from the approximate Blatter-Pattyn equations by a few additional terms, while their variational formulations differ only by the presence of a single term in each horizontal direction (one term in 2D and two terms in 3D). Specifically, the variational formulations differ only by the absence (or the neglect) of the vertical velocity in the second invariant of the strain rate tensor in the Blatter-Pattyn model when compared to the Stokes case. Here we make use of the new transformation in two different ways. First, we consider incorporating the transformed equations into a code that can be very easily converted from a Stokes to a Blatter-Pattyn model, and vice-versa, simply by switching these terms on or off. This may be generalized so that the Stokes model is switched on adaptively only where the Blatter-Pattyn model loses accuracy, hopefully retaining most of the accuracy of the Stokes model but at a lower cost. Second, the key role played by the vertical velocity in converting the transformed Stokes model into the Blatter-Pattyn model motivates new approximations that improve on the Blatter-Pattyn model, heretofore the best approximate ice sheet model. These applications require the use of a grid that enables the discrete continuity equation to be invertible for the vertical velocity in terms of the horizontal velocity components. Examples of such grids, such as the first-order P1-E0 grid and the second-order P2-E1 grid are given in both 2D and 3D. It should be noted, however, that the transformed Stokes model has the same type of gravity forcing as the Blatter-Pattyn model, i.e., determined by the slope of the ice sheet's upper surface, thereby forgoing some of the grid-generality of the traditional formulation of the Stokes model. This is not a serious disadvantage, however, since in practice it has not impaired the widespread use of the Blatter-Pattyn model.
Reefal ostracod assemblages from the Zanzibar Archipelago (Tanzania)
Authors: Tian Skye Yunshu , Langer Martin , Yasuhara Moriaki , Wei Chih-Lin
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Tropical reefs encompass tremendous biodiversity yet are imperiled by increasing natural and anthropogenic disturbances worldwide. Meiobenthic biotas on coral reefs, for example, ostracods, may experience substantial diversity loss and compositional changes even before being examined. In this study, we investigated the reefal ostracod assemblages from the highly diverse and productive ecosystem in Zanzibar Archipelago (Pemba, Zanzibar, and Mafia islands), Tanzania, to understand how their diversity and faunal structure vary in response to water depth, benthic community type, and human impacts. We characterized four distinct ostracod faunas associated with different benthic habitats, which were deep fore reefs, shallow fringing reefs, degraded fringing reefs, and algal covered intertidal flats. We identified typical ostracod associations, i.e., Bairdiidae versus Loxoconchidae-Xestoleberididae, that showed affinities to hard corals or algae on the reef platforms, respectively. Highest diversity was found on shallow fringing reefs where reefal and algal taxa exhibited maximum overlap of their distributional ranges, while the sand flats, mangrove, and marginal reefs within the intertidal zone had much lower diversity with high dominance of euryhaline taxa. Along the western coast of Zanzibar, coastal development likely resulted in a unique faunal composition and comparatively low diversity of ostracod assemblages among those in reefal habitats, in conjunction with overall reef ecosystem degradation. This study represents the first large-scale assessment of shallow-marine ostracods in the Zanzibar Archipelago. It lays a solid foundation for future research into the ecological significance of ostracods on coral reefs.
Molecular level characterization of supraglacial dissolved organic matter sources and exported pools on the southern Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Doting Eva L. , Stevens Ian T. , Kellerman Anne M. , Rossel Pamela E. , Antony Runa , McKenna Amy M. , Tranter Martyn , Benning Liane G. , Spencer Robert G. M. , Hawkings Jon R. , Anesio Alexandre M.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. During the ablation season, active microbial communities colonise large areas of the Greenland Ice Sheet surface and produce dissolved organic matter (DOM) that may be exported downstream by surface melt. Meltwater flow through the bare ice interfluvial area, characterized by a porous weathering crust, is slow (~ 10-2 m d-1), meaning that it presents a potential site for photochemical and/or microbial alteration of supraglacial DOM. Transformations of supraglacial DOM during transport through the supraglacial drainage system remain unexplored, limiting our understanding of supraglacial DOM inputs to downstream subglacial and coastal ecosystems. Here, we employ negative-ion electrospray ionization 21 tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to catalogue the molecular composition of DOM in supraglacial dark ice, weathering crust meltwater, and supraglacial stream water sampled in a hydrologically connected supraglacial micro-catchment to address this knowledge gap. Dark ice DOM contained significantly more aromatic (25 ± 3 %) and less biolabile (13 ± 4 %) DOM than weathering crust meltwater (3 ± 0 and 50 ± 0 %, respectively), pointing to retention of DOM on the ice surface and microbial, as well as photochemical alteration of DOM during transit through the supraglacial drainage system. These findings have implications for our understanding of supraglacial biogeochemical cycling, highlighting the importance of including the weathering crust photic zone when assessing supraglacial inputs to subglacial and downstream ecosystems.
Global datasets of hourly carbon and water fluxes simulated using a satellite-based process model with dynamic parameterizations
Authors: Leng Jiye , Chen Jing M. , Li Wenyu , Luo Xiangzhong , Xu Mingzhu , Liu Jane , Wang Rong , Rogers Cheryl , Li Bolun , Yan Yulin
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Diagnostic terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) forced by remote sensing observations have been a principal tool for providing benchmarks on global gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET). However, these models often estimate GPP and ET at coarse daily or monthly steps, hindering analysis of ecosystem dynamics at the diurnal (hourly) scales, and prescribe some essential parameters (i.e., the Ball–Berry slope (m) and the maximum carboxylation rate at 25 °C (Vcmax25)) as constant, inducing uncertainties in the estimates of GPP and ET. In this study, we present hourly estimations of global GPP and ET datasets at a 0.25° resolution from 2001 to 2020 simulated with a widely used diagnostic TBM – the Biosphere–atmosphere Exchange Process Simulator (BEPS). We employed eddy covariance observations and machine learning approaches to derive and upscale the seasonally varied m and Vcmax25 for carbon and water fluxes. The estimated hourly GPP and ET are validated against flux observations, remote sensing, and machine learning-based estimates across multiple spatial and temporal scales. The correlation coefficients (R2) and slopes between hourly tower-measured and modeled fluxes are R2=0.83, regression slope =0.92 for GPP, and R2=0.72, regression slope =1.04 for ET. At the global scale, we estimated a global mean GPP of 137.78±3.22 Pg C yr−1 (mean ± 1 SD) with a positive trend of 0.53 Pg C yr−2 (p<0.001), and an ET of 89.03±0.82×103 km3 yr−1 with a slight positive trend of 0.10×103 km3 yr−2 (p<0.001) from 2001 to 2020. The spatial pattern of our estimates agrees well with other products, with R2=0.77–0.85 and R2=0.74–0.90 for GPP and ET, respectively. Overall, this new global hourly dataset serves as a “handshake” among process-based models, remote sensing, and the eddy covariance flux network, providing a reliable long-term estimate of global GPP and ET with diurnal patterns and facilitating studies related to ecosystem functional properties, global carbon, and water cycles. The hourly GPP and ET estimates are available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.ecodb.00163 (Leng et al., 2023a) and the accumulated daily datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.ecodb.00165 (Leng et al., 2023b).
A revised marine fossil record of the Mediterranean before and after the Messinian Salinity Crisis
Authors: Agiadi Konstantina , Hohmann Niklas , Gliozzi Elsa , Thivaiou Danae , Bosellini Francesca , Taviani Marco , Bianucci Giovanni , Collareta Alberto , Londeix Laurent , Faranda Costanza , Bulian Francesca , Koskeridou Efterpi , Lozar Francesca , Mancini Alan Maria , Dominici Stefano , Moissette Pierre , Bajo Campos Ildefonso , Borghi Enrico , Iliopoulos George , Antonarakou Assimina , Kontakiotis George , Besiou Evangelia , Zarkogiannis Stergios , Harzhauser Mathias , Sierro Francisco Javier , Camerlenghi Angelo , Garcia-Castellanos Daniel
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The Messinian Salinity Crisis and its precursor events have been the greatest environmental perturbation of the Mediterranean Sea to date, offering an opportunity to study the response of marine ecosystems to extreme hydrological change and a large-scale biological invasion. The restriction of the marine connection between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean already since the Tortonian–Messinian boundary resulted in stratification of the water column and increase water temperature and salinity variations. Here, we present a unified and revised marine fossil record of the Mediterranean that covers the Tortonian stage, the pre-evaporitic Messinian and the Zanclean stage and encompasses 22988 occurrences of calcareous nannoplankton, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, corals, ostracods, bryozoans, echinoids, mollusks, fishes, and marine mammals. This record adheres to the FAIR principles, it is updated in terms of taxonomy, and it follows the currently accepted stratigraphic framework. Based on this record, knowledge gaps are identified, which are due to spatiotemporal inconsistencies in sampling effort and the distribution of sedimentary facies, and the inherent differences in the preservation potential between the groups. Additionally, sampling bias in old records may have distorted the record in favor of larger, more impressive taxa within groups. This record is now ready to be used to answer both geological and biological questions, and is amendable when new fossil data are brought to light.
Impacts of land-use change on biospheric carbon: an oriented benchmark using ORCHIDEE land surface model
Authors: Dinh Thi Lan Anh , Goll Daniel , Ciais Philippe , Lauerwald Ronny
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Land-use change (LUC) impacts biospheric carbon, encompassing biomass carbon and soil organic carbon (SOC). Despite the use of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) in estimating the anthropogenic perturbation of biospheric carbon stocks, critical evaluations of model performance concerning LUC impacts are scarce. Here, we present a systematic evaluation of the performance of the DGVM ORCHIDEE to reproduce observed LUC impacts on biospheric carbon stocks over Europe. First, we compare model predictions with observation-based gridded estimates of net and gross primary productivity (NPP and GPP), biomass growth patterns, and SOC stocks. Second, we evaluate the predicted response of carbon stocks to LUC based on data from forest inventories, paired plots, chronosequences and repeated sampling designs. Third, we use interpretable machine learning to identify factors contributing to discrepancies between simulations and observations, including drivers and processes not resolved in ORCHIDEE (e.g. erosion, soil fertility). Results indicate agreement between the model and observed spatial patterns and temporal trends, such as the increase in biomass with age, when simulating biosphere carbon stocks. The direction of the SOC responses to LUC generally aligns between simulated and observed data. However, the model underestimates carbon gains for cropland-to-grassland and carbon losses for grassland-to-cropland and forest-to-cropland conversions. These discrepancies are attributed to bias arising from soil erosion rate, which is not fully captured in ORCHIDEE. Our study provides an oriented benchmark for assessing the DGVMs against observations and explores its potential in studying the impact of LUCs on SOC stocks.
Assessment of Upscaling Methodologies for Daily Crop Transpiration using Sap-Flows and Two-Source Energy Balance Models in Almonds under Different Water Status and Production Systems
Authors: Quintanilla-Albornoz Manuel , Miarnau Xavier , Pelechá Ana , Nieto Héctor , Bellvert Joaquim
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The daily transpiration (Td) is crucial for both irrigation water management and increasing crop water productivity. The use of the remote sensing-based two-source energy balance model (TSEB) has proven to be robust in estimating plant transpiration and evaporation separately for various crops. However, remote sensing models provide instantaneous estimations, so daily upscaling approaches are needed to estimate daily fluxes. Daily upscaling methodologies have not yet been examined to upscale solely transpiration in woody crops. In this regard, this study aims to evaluate the proper image acquisition time throughout the day and four methodologies to retrieve Td in almond trees with different production systems and water status. Hourly transpiration (Th) was estimated using the TSEB contextual approach (Th-TSEB) with high-resolution imagery five times during two diurnal courses. The tested methodologies were the following: the simulated evaporative fraction variable (EFsim), irradiance (Rs), reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and potential evapotranspiration (ETp). These approaches were firstly evaluated with in situ sap flow (T-SF) data and then applied to the Th-TSEB. Daily T-SF showed significant differences among production systems and levels of water stress. The EFsim and ETp methods correlated better with measured T-SF, and reduced the underestimation observed using the Rs and ETo methods, especially at noon in the severely water stressed trees. However, the daily upscaling approaches applied in the TSEB (Td-TSEB) failed to detect differences between production systems. The lack of sensibility of Td-TSEB among production systems poses a challenge when estimating Td in canopies with discontinuous architectural structures. The improvement of ETp estimations or more sophisticated ETp models could solve this issue.
On the Influence of Spatial Heterogeneity of Runoff Generation on the Distributed Unit Hydrograph for Flood Prediction
Authors: Yi Bin , Chen Lu , Xie Tao
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The spatial scale mismatch between runoff generation and runoff routing is an acceptable compromise but a common issue in challenging hydrological modelling. Moreover, there is hardly any report available on whether unit hydrograph (UH) that is consistent with the spatial scale of runoff generation can be computed. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of spatial heterogeneity of runoff generation on the UH for flood prediction. To this end, a novel GIS-based dynamic time-varying unit hydrograph (DTDUH) was proposed based on the time-varying unit hydrograph (TDUH). The DTDUH can be defined as a typical hydrograph of direct runoff which gets generated from one centimeter of effective rainfall falling at a uniform rate over the saturated drainage basin uniformly during a specific duration. The DTDUH was computed based on the saturated areas of the watershed instead of the global watershed. The saturated areas were extracted based on the TWI. Finally, the Longhu River basin and Dongshi River basin were selected as two case studies. Results showed that the proposed method exhibited consistent or better performance compared with that of the linear reservoir routing method, and performed better than the TDUH method. Specifically, the DTDUH method indicated good performances for the flood events with low antecedent soil moisture, and it performed consistently with the TDUH when the global watershed is nearly saturated. The proposed method can be used for the watersheds with sparse gauging stations and limited observed rainfall and runoff data, as is the same with the TDUH method. Simultaneously, it is well applicable for the humid or mountain watershed where the saturation-excess rainfall is the dominant.
How much water vapour does the Tibetan Plateau release into the atmosphere?
Authors: Zheng Chaolei , Jia Li , Hu Guangcheng , Menenti Massimo , Timmermans Joris
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) is critical for understanding the earth climate system and the complex heat/water exchange mechanisms between the land surface and the atmosphere in the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau (TP) region. However, the performance of ET products over TP has not been adequately assessed, and there is still significant uncertainty regarding the amount of water vapour released by the TP into the atmosphere, as well as its variation. In this study, we evaluated 22 ET products over TP by validating with the in-situ observations and basin-scale water balance estimations. This study also inter-compared their spatiotemporal variations and components to clarify the ET magnitude and variability in TP. The results showed that the remote sensing high-resolution global ET data from ETMonitor and PMLV2 demonstrated high accuracy comparable to the regional MOD16STM ET product, with overall better accuracy than other global ET data with fine spatial resolution (~1 km), when comparing with in-situ observation. Their accuracy was also presented when compared with the water balance-based ET at basin scale, which further indicated the overall accuracy of GLEAM and TerraClimate for the coarse-resolution ET products. Different products showed different spatiotemporal variation patterns, with large discrepancy occurring in the middle to western TP. The multiple-year averaged ET over TP by these products was found to have an average value (standard deviation) of 350.34 (42.46) mm/yr. The different components (plant transpiration, soil evaporation, canopy rainfall interception evaporation, open water evaporation, and snow/ice sublimation) available from some products were also compared, and the separate contribution of these components varied substantially even in cases in which total ET agrees by different products. The response of annual ET to total precipitation, net radiation and leaf area index was explored to present their governing effect on ET, and the results indicated that precipitation effect mostly in the middle and northern TP and net radiation play significant role in the eastern TP.
Investigating rough single-fracture permeabilities with persistent homology
Authors: Fuchs Marco , Suzuki Anna , Hasumi Togo , Blum Philipp
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The permeability of rock fractures is a crucial parameter for flow processes in the subsurface. In the last few decades, different methods were developed to investigate on permeability in fractures, such as flow-through experiments, numerical flow simulations, or empirical equations. In recent years, the topological method of persistent homology was also used to estimate the permeability of fracture networks and porous rocks but not for rough single fractures yet. Hence, we apply persistent homology analysis on a decimetre-scale, rough sandstone bedding joint. To investigate the influence of roughness, three different data sets are created to perform the analysis: (1) 200 µm, (2) 100 µm, and (3) 50 µm resolutions. All estimated permeabilities were then compared to values derived by experimental air permeameter measurements and numerical flow simulation. The results reveal that persistent homology analysis is able to estimate the permeability of a single fracture, even if it tends to slightly overestimate permeabilities compared to conventional methods. Previous studies using porous media showed the same overestimation trend. Furthermore, the expenditure of time for persistent homology analysis, as well as air permeameter measurements and numerical flow simulation, was compared, which showed that persistent homology analysis can be also an acceptable alternative method.
Underestimation of strong wind speeds offshore in ERA5: evidence, discussion, and correction
Authors: Gandoin Rémi , Garza Jorge
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Offshore Wind power plants have become an important element of the European electrical grid. Studies of metocean site conditions (wind, sea state, currents, water levels) form a key input to the design of these large infrastructure projects. Such studies heavily rely on reanalysis datasets which provide decades-long model time series over large areas. In this article, we address a known deficiency of one these reanalysis datasets, ERA5, namely that it underestimates strong wind speeds offshore. For doing so, comparisons are made against CFSR/CFSv2 reanalyses as well as high quality wind energy specific in-situ measurements from floating LiDAR systems. The ERA5 surface drag formulation and its sea state dependency are analysed in detail, the conditions of the bias identified, and a correction method is suggested. The article concludes with proposing practical and simple ways to incorporate publicly available, high-quality wind energy measurement datasets in air-sea interaction studies alongside legacy measurements such as met buoys.
Sex Influences the Extent of Physical Performance Adaptations in Response to Small-Sided Games and Running-Based High-Intensity Interval Training: A Parallel Study Design Involving Men and Women Soccer Players
Authors: He Jia , Liu Diao , Wang Tao , Xu Qi , Zhao Xiang
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to compare physical fitness adaptations following small-sided games (SSG) and running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT), considering sex interactions; and (ii) to describe intra-individual variations of adaptations in both men and women developmental/trained soccer players over an 8-week randomized parallel study design involving 25 women and 27 men. Pre and post-intervention assessments included countermovement jump (CMJ), 10-meter linear sprint test, change-of-direction (COD) deficit, and final velocity at 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (VIFT). Significant interactions between time, groups and sex were found in 10-m sprint (F1,48 = 6.042; p = 0.018; ηp2 = 0.112). No significant interactions between time, groups and sex were found in CMJ (F F1,48 = 0.609; p = 0.439; ηp2 = 0.013), COD deficit (F F1,48 = 2.718; p = 0.106; ηp2 = 0.054) and VIFT (F F1,48 = 1.141; p = 0.291; ηp2 = 0.023). Significant interactions were found between time and sex in CMJ (F F1,48 = 29.342; p < 0.001; ηp2= 0.379), 10-m sprint (F F1,48 = 4.359; p = 0.042; ηp2 = 0.083), COD deficit (F F1,48 = 5.066; p = 0.029; ηp2= 0.095) and VIFT (F F1,48 = 11.248; p = 0.002; ηp2 = 0.190). In conclusion, this study suggests similar effects of HIIT in both sexes. However, for women, SSG may entail less efficacy and more inter-individual variability compared to men. Therefore, HIIT could potentially be a better solution for women, whereas both training approaches were equally effective in men.