bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in oral health status with dental intervention during the acute to subacute stages of stroke
Authors: Sakai Ayu , Matsuo Koichiro , Sekimoto Yu , Hidaka Rena , Yoshihara Akihiro
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To investigate the changes in oral health status with dental intervention during the acute and subacute stages of stroke and their associations with oral intake status.

Background

Oral health may deteriorate easily in patients following a stroke. However, data are scarce on the changes in oral health with dental intervention throughout the acute and subacute stages of stroke recovery.

Material and Methods

We prospectively recruited 98 stroke patients who were admitted to an acute hospital and referred to a dental team and then could be followed at a subacute rehabilitation unit in the same hospital. Provided dental intervention, including oral health care and other general dental treatments, was recorded. Oral health was assessed with Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), and the changes in OHAT score during the acute and subacute stages were statistically tested. Oral feeding status was examined using Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS). The cohort was divided into the non‐oral feeding, dysphagia and regular diet groups based on FOIS score. Differences in OHAT among the oral intake groups were statistically tested.

Results

Gross OHAT score did not differ among the oral intake groups at the time of admission (mean ± standard deviation score: 6.5 ± 2.8 for non‐oral diet, 5.6 ± 2.4 for dysphagia diet and 5.3 ± 2.1 for regular diet), but improved more in the regular diet group (2.4 ± 1.5) than in the other groups (5.8 ± 3.0 for non‐oral diet and 4.0 ± 2.1 for dysphagia diet) at the last evaluation. Oral hygiene scores improved significantly in the acute stage, while scores for dentures and natural teeth ameliorated significantly in the subacute stage.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that appropriate dental intervention in the acute and subacute stages of stroke may contribute to improved oral health and oral food intake.
Mandibular metastasis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma: How unexpected could it be?
Authors: Vettori Erica , Borella Alberto , Costantinides Fulvia , Rizzo Roberto , Maglione Michele
Published: July 2023

Objective

Metastatic tumours of bone must be considered in all patients with unexplained bone pain and particularly in patients who present with a known cancer, localised pain at multiple sites, and radiographic findings suggestive of metastasis. The purpose of this report was to present a case of a pathological fracture of the mandible as a consequence of metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Materials and Methods

In July 2018 a 68‐year‐old male patient was hospitalised because of pulmonary adenocarcinoma and attended our department for an oral maxillo‐facial evaluation. He complained of pain and swelling in the right temporomandibular region resulting in a reported functional limitation.

An Orthopantomogram (OPG) demonstrated a right intracapsular condylar compound fracture associated with an osteolytic lesion at the condyle base with jagged margins. Subsequently, a CT scan with contrast of the maxillo‐facial complex and a fine‐needle aspiration of the lesion was performed.

Results

CT images showed the presence of a right mandibular condyle fracture associated with a large osteolytic lesion which confirmed the pathological nature of the fracture. Fine‐needle aspiration of the lesion confirmed its metastatic nature. It was not possible to proceed with a mandibular resection due to the critical clinical condition of the patient who died in September 2018.

Conclusion

Lung cancer frequently produces lytic‐type metastasis, sometimes even in the jaw. In patients with an established diagnosis of lung cancer, any radiolucent lesion of the jaw or an unexplained painful symptomatology to the oro‐maxillo facial complex should be placed in differential diagnosis with metastasis of the primary tumour.
Safety and effectiveness of lusutrombopag in patients who have chronic liver disease with thrombocytopenia and undergoing invasive procedures: Real‐world post‐marketing surveillance in Japan
Authors: Yoshiji Hitoshi , Suzuki Junto , Imasaki Masafumi , Tsukimura Eri , Miyano Makiko , Kurosaki Masayuki
Published: July 2023

Aim

Lustrombopag has been approved for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic liver diseases who are scheduled to undergo an invasive procedure. Here, we report the final results of a post‐marketing surveillance assessing the safety and effectiveness of lusutrombopag in Japan.

Methods

This multicenter, prospective, real‐world surveillance collected data from case report forms between October 2016 and May 2021. The observation period was 2 months after the first day of lusutrombopag treatment. Safety and effectiveness (proportion of patients avoiding preoperative platelet transfusion and responders who achieved platelet count increase from baseline) were assessed.

Results

The safety analysis set included 1033 (100.0%), 130 (12.6%), and 14 (1.4%) patients who received one or more, two or more, and three or more treatment cycle(s), and 482 (48.9%), 457 (46.3%), and 43 (4.4%) patients who were Child–Pugh class A, B, and C, respectively. The most common serious adverse drug reactions were portal vein thrombosis, pancytopenia, and white blood cell count decrease, reported in 14 (1.36%), three (0.29%), and two (0.19%) patients, respectively. The incidence of adverse drug reactions was not higher in patients with Child–Pugh class C or those undergoing retreatment cycles compared with other Child–Pugh classes or the first treatment cycle, respectively. During the observation period of the first treatment cycle, 94.7% (889/939) of patients avoided preoperative platelet transfusion and 82.8% (741/895) of the patients met the responder criteria.

Conclusions

This surveillance study further supports the safety and effectiveness of lusutrombopag in a broad range of patients with chronic liver diseases undergoing planned invasive procedures.

Clinical Trial Registration

JapicCTI‐163432.
Reflections from accused: Advice on navigating life on bail
Authors: Yule Carolyn , Schumann Rachel
Published: July 2023

Accused individuals employ various techniques in response to the challenges posed by living with bail conditions. By asking ‘what advice would you give to an accused individual who must appear in bail court and who will be assigned conditional bail’, this study assesses how individuals navigate release on bail in the community. A thematic analysis of interviews with 108 accused yielded three master themes: ‘abiding by the system’; a ‘broken system’; and ‘working the system’. The findings add to current research by identifying points of similarity, but also difference, in how common discourses used by bail court actors and bail scholars – including responsibilisation, self‐governance, and accountability – are responded to by accused. The results reveal how individuals accused of a crime find ways to assume a more advantageous position within a system largely perceived as working against them.
SPENDING A WINDFALL
Authors: Palma Nuno , Silva André C.
Published: July 2023

We study the effect of the discovery of precious metals in America from 1500 to 1810 on international trade. Around 1500, there was a simultaneous discovery of precious metals and new trading routes. We construct a counterfactual of new routes but no precious metals. The discovery of precious metals increased the stock of precious metals more than 10‐fold. We show that Euro‐Asian trade at its peak increased up to 20 times compared with the counterfactual. Our simulations match the observed price dynamics. We find that precious metals were at least as important as the new routes.
Cigarette smoking and risk of adult‐onset Still disease: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Rahmanpour Dara , Malek Mahdavi Aida , Mahmoudi Maryam , Esalatmanesh Kamal , Akhgari Aisan , Hajialilo Mehrzad , Ghassembaglou Arezou , Farzaneh Rojin , Azizi Saeed , Khabbazi Alireza
Published: July 2023

Background

Environmental factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. Smoking is thought to be a risk factor for autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Aims

The purpose of the present study was to assess the association between smoking and adult‐onset Still disease (AOSD) and the effect of smoking on outcomes of this disease.

Methods

In this case‐control study, patients with AOSD who met the Yamaguchi criteria, were older than 16 years at the disease onset and were in follow‐up for at least 12 months were consecutively enrolled in the study. The outcome of AOSD was assessed by acquiring remission on treatment, remission off treatment, time to remission and rate of flare. The smoking status of participants was defined by direct or phone interviews. Individuals who had smoked daily for at least 6 months were defined as a smoker. We performed propensity score matching analyses by using four parameters, including age, sex, educational status and marital status.

Results

Propensity score matching resulted in 72 patients with AOSD and 216 matched controls. The number of ever smokers in the AOSD and control groups were 11 (15.3%) and 25 (11.6%) respectively. There was no significant increase in the risk of AOSD in multivariate analysis after adjustment for age, sex, marital status and educational level. There were no significant differences in the outcomes of AOSD between ever and never smokers.

Conclusions

Smoking probably is not a risk factor for AOSD and did not affect the response to treatment.
Downstream firm's equity financing for capacity expansion in a supply chain
Authors: Fu Hong , Xu Shuo , Guan Lei , Peng Yangyang , Zhang Lianmin
Published: July 2023

In this research, we investigate a supply chain consisting of a downstream firm who purchases a component from an upstream firm and then transforms it into a final product. The downstream firm has a production capacity constraint and considers to raise capital from an investor through equity financing. The raised capital not only enables the downstream firm to expand the capacity but also allows the investor to hold equity shares in the downstream firm. We derive the optimal pricing and production decisions of the two firms and discuss the optimal equity financing strategy of the downstream firm. We consider two distinct models: the external equity financing model, where the capital is raised from an outside institution, and the internal equity financing model, where the capital is raised from the upstream firm. We show that because the cooperative relationship between the two firms can be improved in the internal equity financing model, the production quantity in this model may be even higher than that in a benchmark model with no capacity constraint and no equity holding by the investor in the downstream firm. In addition, the original shareholder of the downstream firm gets more benefit from the internal equity financing activity than from the external equity financing activity. We also analyze the impacts of the key model parameters on the equity financing strategy and find that the dependence of the financing strategy on the initial asset of the downstream firm is quite different in the two models. Moreover, when the production cost of the downstream firm is changed, less capital raised for expanding capacity may create more value for the original shareholder of the downstream firm in each model. Finally, we show that the key finding remains unchanged when deterministic demand is changed to stochastic demand.
Do onlays and crowns offer similar outcomes to posterior teeth with mesial‐occlusal‐distal preparations? A systematic review
Authors: Michaud Pierre‐Luc , Dort Hillary
Published: July 2023

Objective

Teeth prepared for mesial‐occlusal‐distal (MOD) restorations have a significant risk of cusp fracture. Crowns and onlays can provide cusp coverage to reinforce posterior teeth at risk. Onlays are often more conservative of tooth structure which may be an advantage for teeth with large MOD preparations. It remains uncertain how onlays and crowns compare for posterior teeth with MOD tooth structure loss. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the resistance to fracture, success rate, survival rate, and failure rate of teeth with MOD preparations restored with onlays or crowns.

Materials and Methods

An electronic search queried Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and grey literature (OpenGrey) from database inception through April 29, 2023.

Results

After eliminating duplicates and irrelevant records, 32 manuscripts were assessed. Only three publications met the criteria for inclusion. Most exclusions were due to poor reporting of restorative design and the amount of tooth structure remaining, or due to combining various restorative designs. Due to the limited sample size and high heterogeneity, no meta‐analysis was conducted. One study observed a better outcome for onlays and two observed no difference. All three studies reported the mode of failure for crowns as more catastrophic whereas teeth with onlays could be salvaged.

Conclusions

Onlays may be an advantageous alternative to crowns for teeth with MOD preparations, but the level of evidence is insufficient to draw meaningful conclusions.

Clinical Significance

Current evidence is insufficient to determine whether onlays or crowns are providing a different outcome when used to restore posterior teeth with MOD tooth structure loss. However, the fracture of teeth with MOD tooth structure loss restored with onlays appears to be less catastrophic than when restored with crowns.
Estimating migration speed of glass eels during their colonization of a Mediterranean lagoon
Authors: Bouchard C. , Nicolas D.
Published: July 2023

Migration speed can have important evolutionary consequences as it can affect the timing of arrival, remaining energy reserves, and habitat choice. Environmental conditions and individual phenotypic traits can impact the migration speed of individuals. In this way, estimating migration speed is of particular importance, especially for species under strong management strategies and colonizing highly diversified habitats, as is the case for the European eel. However, estimating the migration speed of glass eels, which is the life stage when eels colonize continental habitats, presents challenges due to typically low re‐capture probabilities and difficulties in tagging individuals. Using recruitment time series at two sites, one at the sea connection and another inland, we estimated the temporal lag between the two migration peaks to compute migration speed. Because we worked on the Mediterranean coasts and in a lagoon, the weak tidal amplitudes may inhibit individuals from efficiently performing the selective tidal stream transport. We obtained migration speed values coherent with the few values available in the literature for Atlantic estuaries. The values we obtained that are lower than those obtained for Atlantic estuaries are also coherent with the weak tides along the Mediterranean coasts and lead to necessary further studies to understand the migratory behavior of glass eels in such hydro‐systems.
40Ar/39Ar dates controlled by white mica deformation and strain localization: Insights from comparing in situ laser ablation and single‐grain fusion techniques
Authors: Barnes Christopher J. , Schneider David A. , Majka Jarosław , Camacho Alfredo , Bukała Michał , Włodek Adam
Published: July 2023

In situ laser ablation and single‐grain fusion 40Ar/39Ar geochronological techniques were directly compared using white mica from nine metasedimentary rocks from the Vaimok Lens of the Seve Nappe Complex (SNC) in the Scandinavian Caledonides. Seven of the rocks are from the eclogite‐bearing Grapesvare nappe within the lens that is defined by D2 structures (S2 and F2), which were formed during exhumation following late Cambrian/Early Ordovician ultra‐high pressure metamorphism. Two other rocks were obtained from ‘Scandian’ shear zones that delimit the nappes within the lens. The shear zones were active during terminal collision of Baltica and Laurentia in the Silurian to Devonian. The rocks exhibit variable deformation intensities and degrees of strain localization, expressed in particular by white mica. The in situ laser ablation and single‐grain fusion 40Ar/39Ar dates both span from the late Cambrian to Middle Devonian. Results of both techniques generally show decreasing dates with increasing bulk deformation intensity and successive structural generations (i.e., D2 then Scandian structures). Furthermore, several discrepancies are evident when comparing the results of the two techniques for the same rocks, indicating the 40Ar/39Ar dates are not solely governed by bulk deformation intensities and structural generations. Instead, the discrepancies demonstrate the additional influence of white mica strain localization, which is illuminated by the different analytical volumes of the techniques. Thus, the 40Ar/39Ar datasets are altogether deciphered as a function of bulk deformation intensity and degree of strain localization that affected the overall white mica volume. The former controls the gross 40Ar loss from the overall volume and the latter dictates the variability of 40Ar loss within the volume. Exploiting the interplay of these two phenomena for the Vaimok Lens rocks with in situ laser ablation allows for the broad span of 40Ar/39Ar dates to be contextualized into a sequence of tectonic events: (1) cooling at 474 ± 3 Ma, (2) pre‐collision deformation at 447 ± 2 Ma and (3) activation of crustal‐scale shear zones in the SNC related to continental collision at 431 ± 3 Ma and 411 ± 3 Ma.
A wealth of P–T–t information from metasediments in the HP–UHP terrane of the Pohorje Mountains, Slovenia, elucidates the evolution of the Eastern Alps
Authors: Li Botao , Massonne Hans‐Joachim , Yuan Xiaoping
Published: July 2023

Contrasting views exist in regard of the evolution of metamorphic rocks in the southeastern Pohorje Mountains (Mts), located in the southeastern Eastern Alps. Major debated points are whether micaschists have experienced ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism in the Late Cretaceous (Eo‐Alpine) and whether they were continuously exhumed or experienced a multiple subduction–exhumation process from that time on. Therefore, we studied micaschist sample 18Slo39 with two generations of garnet and phengitic muscovite from this area. Our detailed study of this rock included petrographic observations, chemical analyses of minerals with the electron microprobe, pseudosection modelling, conventional geothermometry, and monazite in‐situ U‐Th‐Pb dating using laser‐ablation inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry. The following results were obtained: The studied micaschist was subject to a peak pressure of 1.31 ± 0.14 GPa at 603 ± 26°C in Eo‐Alpine times: 90.62 ± 2.78 (2σ) Ma (Stage I). Contact metamorphism at pressure–temperature conditions of 0.66 ± 0.10 GPa and 577 ± 23°C was induced by the intrusion of the Pohorje pluton (Stage III). We determined an early Miocene age of 18.33 ± 0.43 (2σ) Ma for this intrusion. Based on this study and the previously reported data for a micaschist (16Slo12) taken in the vicinity of sample 18Slo39, a geodynamic model is proposed for the region of the Pohorje Mts considering Eo‐Alpine subduction of oceanic crust and European continental crust, of which the micaschist was part of. Another high‐pressure event in the Eocene (Stage II) was the result of intracontinental subduction because of transpression by the Periadriatic fault system that separates the Eastern Alps from the Southern Alps. This type of subduction gave rise to magma generation and ascent to form the Pohorje pluton, which caused contact metamorphism in its vicinity.
Assessing the role of Ndel1 oligopeptidase activity in congenital Zika syndrome: Potential predictor of congenital syndrome endophenotype and treatment response
Authors: Christoff Raissa R. , Nani João V. , Lessa Gabriel , Rabello Tailene , Rossi Atila D. , Krenn Veronica , Higa Luiza M. , Tanuri Amilcar , Garcez Patricia P. , Hayashi Mirian A. F.
Published: July 2023

Maternal infections are among the main risk factors for cognitive impairments in the offspring. Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted vertically, causing a set of heterogeneous birth defects, such as microcephaly, ventriculomegaly and corpus callosum dysgenesis. Nuclear distribution element like‐1 (Ndel1) oligopeptidase controls crucial aspects of cerebral cortex development underlying cortical malformations. Here, we examine Ndel1 activity in an animal model for ZIKV infection, which was associated with deregulated corticogenesis. We observed here a reduction in Ndel1 activity in the forebrain associated with the congenital syndrome induced by ZIKV isolates, in an in utero and postnatal injections of different inoculum doses in mice models. In addition, we observed a strong correlation between Ndel1 activity and brain size of animals infected by ZIKV, suggesting the potential of this measure as a biomarker for microcephaly. More importantly, the increase of interferon (IFN)‐beta signaling, which was used to rescue the ZIKV infection outcomes, also recovered Ndel1 activity to levels similar to those of uninfected healthy control mice, but with no influence on Ndel1 activity in uninfected healthy control animals. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time here an association of corticogenesis impairments determined by ZIKV infection and the modulation of Ndel1 activity. Although further studies are still necessary to clarify the possible role(s) of Ndel1 activity in the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the congenital syndrome induced by ZIKV, we suggest here the potential of monitoring the Ndel1 activity to predict this pathological condition at early stages of embryos or offspring development, during while the currently employed methods are unable to detect impaired corticogenesis leading to microcephaly. Ndel1 activity may also be possibly used to follow up the positive response to the treatment, such as that employing the IFN‐beta that is able to rescue the ZIKV‐induced brain injury.

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Evidence for spontaneous regulation of the humoral IgM anti‐GM1 autoimmune response by IgG antibodies in multifocal motor neuropathy patients
Authors: Di Egidio Marianna , Bacaglio Cristian R. , Arrejoría Rocio , Villa Andrés M. , Nores Gustavo A. , Lopez Pablo H. H.
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a peripheral nerve disorder characterized by slow progressive distal asymmetric weakness with minimal or no sensory impairment. Currently, a vast evidence supports a direct pathogenic role of IgM anti‐GM1 antibodies on disease pathogenesis. Patients with MMN seropositive for GM1‐specific IgM antibodies have significantly more weakness, disability and axon loss than patients without these antibodies. During the screening for IgM anti‐GM1 antibodies in a cohort of patients with neuropathy we noticed an absence or significant reduction of natural IgM anti‐GM1 autoreactivity in some patients with MMN, suggesting a mechanism of self‐control of autoreactivity. We aim to understand the lack of natural reactivity against GM1 in MMN patients.

Methods

The presence of free IgM anti‐GM1 reactivity or its complex to blocking IgG was analysed by combining high performance thin layer chromatography‐immunostaining, soluble binding inhibition assays, Protein‐G or GM1‐affinity columns and dot blot assays.

Results

We identified in MMN patients an immunoregulation of IgM anti‐GM1 antibodies mediated by IgG immunoglobulins characterized by: (i) lack of natural IgM anti‐GM1 autoreactivity as a result of a immunoregulatory IgG‐dependent mechanism; (ii) presence of natural and disease‐associated IgM anti‐GM1/IgG blocking Ab complexes in sera; and (iii) high levels of IgG blocking against natural IgM anti‐GM1 antibodies (Abs.

Interpretation

Our observations unmask a spontaneous IgG‐dependent mechanism of immunoregulation against IgM anti‐GM1 antibodies that could explain, in part, fluctuations in the usually slowly progressive clinical course that characterizes the disease and, at the same time, allows the identification of an autoimmune response against GM1 ganglioside in seronegative patients.
The prognostic value of P53 index in predicting the recurrence of early low‐risk endometrial cancer
Authors: Çakır İlker , Gülseren Varol , Aköz Gamze , Şahin Zekiye , Sever Barış , Çakır Zübeyde Emiralioğlu , Sancı Muzaffer , Kuru Oğuzhan , Özdemir İsa Aykut , Güngördük Kemal
Published: July 2023

Aim

We aimed to clarify the clinical value of P53 index in patients with early low‐risk endometrial cancer (EC) and find an optimal cut‐off value of P53 index for predicting the recurrence of these patients.

Methods

The clinicopathological data of 157 patients with early low‐risk EC (stage 1A with grade 1 or 2 endometrioid EC) were analyzed. The optimal cut‐off value of the P53 index was calculated by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Youden index. Cox regression model was used to evaluate the independent prognostic predictors of recurrence of EC. Then all patients were divided into two groups according to the optimal cut‐off value of the P53 index. Differences of the clinicopathological parameters between the two groups were compared.

Results

Multivariate analysis showed age PR (p = 0.020) and P53 (p = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for the recurrence of EC. The value of P53 index was found to be the optimal cut‐off point of 17.5% in estimating the recurrence of EC. The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rates of patients in the low P53 index group (<17.5%) and the high P53 index group (≥17.5%) were 94.6% and 65.4% (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

It has been revealed that the P53 index is a prognostic factor for recurrence in early low‐risk EC. The optimal cut‐off value of P53 index may contribute to the postoperative individualized treatment options for early low‐risk EC patients.
Cursed Consumers and the Effectiveness of Consumer Protection Policies*
Authors: Ispano Alessandro , Schwardmann Peter
Published: July 2023

We model firms' quality disclosure and pricing in the presence of cursed consumers, who fail to be sufficiently skeptical about undisclosed quality. We show that cursed consumers are exploited in duopoly if firms are vertically differentiated, if there are few cursed consumers, and if average product quality is high. Three common consumer protection policies that work under monopoly, that is, mandatory disclosure, third party disclosure and consumer education, may all increase exploitation and decrease welfare. Even where these policies improve welfare, they often lead to a reduction in consumer surplus. Our conclusions hold in extensions with endogenous quality and horizontal differentiation.
Medication treatment for opioid use disorder among rural primary care patients
Authors: Hser Yih‐Ing , Zhu Yuhui , Baldwin Laura‐Mae , Mooney Larissa J. , Saxon Andrew J.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To investigate the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) and medication treatment for OUD (MOUD) receipt in rural primary care settings and identify characteristics associated with MOUD among patients with OUD.

Methods

Secondary analyses based on electronic health records of all adult patients who visited 1 of the 6 rural primary care clinic sites from October 2019 to January 2021. Mixed effects logistic regression was conducted to assess MOUD receipt (Y/N) in relation to patient characteristics (eg, demographics, other substance use disorders [SUDs], mental health disorders, and chronic pain) and the number of MOUD prescribers per clinic.

Findings

The prevalence of OUD varied from 0.7% to 8.2% (Mean [SD] = 3.3% [95% CI: 0.4, 6.1]) among 36,762 primary care patients across 6 clinic sites. Among 1,164 patients with OUD, on average 50.1% received MOUD (95% CI: 28.0, 72.3). Patients in clinics with more than 3 MOUD prescribers had more than 3 times the odds of receiving MOUD (OR = 3.42; 95% CI, 1.22‐9.62) as those in clinics with fewer than 3 prescribers. MOUD was positively associated with younger age (18‐30 [OR = 6.97; 95% CI, 3.37‐14.42], 31‐64 [OR = 5.03; 95% CI, 2.64‐9.57], relative to those 65 and older), having other co‐occurring SUDs (OR = 3.77; 95% CI, 2.57‐5.52), being male (OR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.12‐2.01), and negatively associated with having chronic pain disorders (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50‐0.94).

Conclusions

The prevalence of OUD and MOUD are high but vary considerably across rural primary care clinics; primary care MOUD prescribers play a key role on MOUD access in rural settings.
Pseudomembranous cystitis in cats with presumed or confirmed mineralization: A retrospective study of 26 cases (2016‐2021)
Authors: Labelle Olivier , Penninck Dominique , Butty Emmanuelle M. , Hahn Shelly , Dunn Marilyn
Published: July 2023

Background

Pseudomembranous cystitis (PMC) in cats is a recognized disease, but concurrent mineralization is reported rarely and its outcome is poorly described.

Hypothesis and Objectives

Describe a population of cats with PMC and the prevalence of concurrent mineralization.

Animals

Twenty‐six cats with PMC.

Methods

Medical records were retrospectively reviewed (January 2016 to December 2021). Cats with an ultrasound diagnosis of PMC were included. Clinicopathologic results, imaging, treatment, and outcome were reviewed.

Results

All cats were male and 21 (80%) were diagnosed with urethral obstruction (UO). Five cats (23.8%) had positive urine culture (Staphylococcus felis, 3/5; Proteus mirabilis, 2/5) with a median urine pH of 8 (range, 6‐9). All cats had ultrasonographic changes suggestive of mineralization. On ultrasound examination, 10 cats (38.5%) had pseudomembranes with acoustic shadowing suggestive of mineralization, 15 (57.7%) had changes indicative of ulceration, and 8 (31%) had changes compatible with of a urachal anomaly. Twenty‐two cats received medical treatment, 4 underwent surgery (3 percutaneous cystolithotomy, 1 cystotomy). Twenty cats (77%) survived to discharge. Follow‐up ultrasound examination indicated resolution of PMC in 6/7 cats, 4 had persistent hyperechoic bladder lining. Five of 12 cats with follow‐up had a relapse of lower urinary tract signs.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Pseudomembranous cystitis was diagnosed mainly in male cats with UO and imaging findings suggestive of mineralization were present in all cases. Frequent negative urine culture suggests a different etiology than encrusting cystitis related to urease‐positive bacteria. Good outcomes can be achieved with medical management.
The figured world of medical education senior leaders: Making meaning and enacting agency
Authors: McOwen Katherine S. , Varpio Lara , Konopasky Abigail W.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The field of medical education is relatively new, and its boundaries are not firmly established. If we had a better understanding of the intricacies of the domain, we might be better equipped to navigate the ever‐changing demands we must address. To that end, we explore medical education as a world wherein leaders harness agency, improvisation, discourse, positionality and power to act.

Methods

Using the constructivist theory of figured worlds (FW), we conducted a narrative analysis of the stories medical education senior leaders tell about their roles and experiences in the world of medical education (n = 9).

Results

We identified four foundational premises about the world of medical education: (i) medical education stands at the intersection of three interrelated worlds of clinical medicine, hospital administration and university administration; (ii) medical education is shaped by and shapes the clinical learning environment at the local level; (iii) medical education experiences ubiquitous change which is a source of power; and (iv) medical education is energised by relationships between individuals.

Discussion

Focusing on the FW theory's notions of agency, improvisation, discourse, positionality and power enabled us to describe the world of medical education as a complex domain existing in a space of conflicting power hierarchies, identities and discourses. Using FW allowed us to see the powerful affordances offered to medical education due to its position between worlds amid unceasing change.
Pope Francis’ Vision for a Synodal Church
Authors: Conway Eamonn
Published: July 2023

‘Synod’ and ‘synodality’ have become synonymous with Pope Francis. Since Pope Paul VI instituted the Synod of Bishops as a permanent office in 1965, there hasn't been any pontificate that has given these matters as much profile and attention as his has. Why is this the case, and what is Pope Francis’ vision for a synodal Church? More fundamentally, what is synodality, according to tradition of the Church, and Pope Francis? Several years into both local and global synodal-type processes and formation gatherings, it seems many people, even prominent Church leaders, readily admit that they still do not fully understand it. For this reason, this article sets out to provide a general overview and introduction.
Global hotspots of plant phylogenetic diversity
Authors: Tietje Melanie , Antonelli Alexandre , Forest Félix , Govaerts Rafaël , Smith Stephen A. , Sun Miao , Baker William J. , Eiserhardt Wolf L.
Published: July 2023

Regions harbouring high unique phylogenetic diversity (PD) are priority targets for conservation. Here, we analyse the global distribution of plant PD, which remains poorly understood despite plants being the foundation of most terrestrial habitats and key to human livelihoods.

Capitalising on a recently completed, comprehensive global checklist of vascular plants, we identify hotspots of unique plant PD and test three hypotheses: (1) PD is more evenly distributed than species diversity; (2) areas of highest PD (often called ‘hotspots’) do not maximise cumulative PD; and (3) many biomes are needed to maximise cumulative PD.

Our results support all three hypotheses: more than twice as many regions are required to cover 50% of global plant PD compared to 50% of species; regions that maximise cumulative PD substantially differ from the regions with outstanding individual PD; and while (sub‐)tropical moist forest regions dominate across PD hotspots, other forest types and open biomes are also essential.

Safeguarding PD in the Anthropocene (including the protection of some comparatively species‐poor areas) is a global, increasingly recognised responsibility. Having highlighted countries with outstanding unique plant PD, further analyses are now required to fully understand the global distribution of plant PD and associated conservation imperatives across spatial scales.
The success rate of mini‐screws for incisors intrusion and patient age, gender, and insertion angle in the maxilla using CBCT and implant‐guided surgery. A split‐mouth, randomized control trail
Authors: Chawshli Omar Fawzi , Hasan Hasan Sabah , Yalda Fedil Andraws , Al‐Talabani Shaho Z.
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives

The intrusion of anterior teeth is a routine procedure in orthodontics, which has been performed efficiently with the help of mini‐screws in the anterior region, especially the upper maxilla. This study aimed to investigate the effect of insertion angle and sociodemographic features on the success rate of mini‐screws at the anterior maxillary region.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐nine patients (18 Females and 11 Males) aged 18‐40 years old were involved in the current study. A split‐mouth design was carried out in which recruited patients needed bilateral anterior screws at the labial bone in the region of the incisor for the intrusion of upper anterior incisor teeth as part of their orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance (upper right side received 90‐degree insertion angle mini‐screw and 45° for left side) using a surgical guide fabricated from patients CBCT and intraoral scans. The mini‐screws were inserted at the attached gingiva bilaterally to achieve intrusion of upper anterior teeth with a power chain ligated from the main archwire to the anterior min‐implants. The patient was recalled monthly for orthodontic appliance activation and screw assessment for 6 months. The intrusion force was 15 g on each side.

Results

The results of the study showed that screw stability was higher in the male group than the female group at the 6th monthly follow‐up visit with a statistically significant difference between both genders (P = .044). Concerning insertion angle, results showed a statistically significant difference between 45° and 90° as an insertion angle with a P‐value <.01 in most of the follow‐up months.

Conclusion

This study found that male patients with mini‐screws inserted at 90° showed greater screw stability over time.
Determination of serum and gingival crevicular fluid levels of omentin in healthy and rheumatoid arthritis subjects with and without periodontitis
Authors: Mohit Jyothi , Ari Geetha , Mahendra Jaideep , Prakash Prashanthi , Bedi Muskan , Dave Pavithra H. , Logaranjani Anitha , Namasivayam Ambalavanan
Published: July 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess and correlate the serum and GCF levels of omentin with the periodontal status of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with and without periodontitis.

Methods

Forty‐four patients were divided into four groups: group H: 11 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects; group P: 11 systemically healthy subjects with periodontitis; group RA: 11 periodontally healthy subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and group RA + P: 11 rheumatoid arthritis subjects with periodontitis. Periodontal parameters (plaque index, modified gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level) were recorded and serum and GCF samples were collected for the estimation of omentin using ELISA.

Results

The mean value of plaque index, modified gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were significantly higher whereas serum and GCF omentin levels were found to be decreased in group IV when compared to the other groups. The significant correlation was found between the serum and GCF omentin levels with all the periodontal parameters.

Conclusion

The omentin level in serum and GCF was found to be lower in RA patients with periodontitis. It is also inversely correlated with the periodontal parameters. Thus, omentin can serve as a significant diagnostic and therapeutic tool in both periodontal and rheumatoid disease.
Extracellular matrix of ameloblastoma‐derived negatively regulates osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Zhang Hongrong , Wang Weihong , Qian Yemei , Zhang Lanlan
Published: July 2023

Objective

To investigate the effects of key pathogenic genes involved in the development of jaw ameloblastoma (AB) and its associated extracellular matrix (ECM) on osteogenic differentiation in order to provide a theoretical foundation for future research into bone aggressiveness of AB.

Methods

The essential genes were identified by five AB patients for whole‐exome sequencing and the microarray datasets GES38494 and GES132472. Moreover, the expression of key genes and their encoded proteins in AB tissues was explored. In addition, AB‐derived the decellularized ECM (ABdECM) tissues were generated by the decellularization technique. Furthermore, the osteogenic development of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) was mimicked by simulating the effects of the AB tumor microenvironment (TME).

Results

The AB essential genes including COL1A2, COL4A2, FBN1, and HPSE were discovered. Among them, the expression of HPSE was down‐regulated, while that of COL1A2, COL4A2, and FBN1 was noticeably upregulated in AB compared with normal gingival tissues of the jaws. In vitro osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was suppressed by the ABdECM.

Conclusions

Abnormal ECM proteins encoded by COL4A2, COL1A2, FBN1, and HPSE genes can cause disturbance in the ECM environment of AB and promote bone resorption.
Contribution of active commuting to and from school to device‐measured physical activity levels in young people: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Campos‐Garzón Pablo , Sevil‐Serrano Javier , García‐Hermoso Antonio , Chillón Palma , Barranco‐Ruiz Yaira
Published: July 2023

Objective

To analyze the contribution of active commuting to and from school (ACS) to device‐measured light physical activity (LPA) and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels in young people aged 6 to 18 years old, as well as, in both trip directions (i.e., home‐school, school‐home).

Methods

This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement, and five different databases were used for the systematic search (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTdiscuss, Cochrane Library, and National Transportation Library) using PECO strategy.

Results

A total of 14 studies met all the eligibility criteria, which compile 7127 participants. The overall ACS weighted LPA was 19.55 min (95% CI: 3.84‐35.26; I2 = 99.9%, p < 0.001) and 68.74 min (95% CI: 6.09‐131.39; z = 2.15, p = 0.030) during the home‐school and school‐home trips, respectively. For MVPA, the overall ACS weighted MVPA was 8.98 min (95% CI: 5.33–12.62; I2 = 99.95%, p < 0.001) during the home‐school trip and 20.07 min (95% CI: 13.62‐26.53; I2 = 99.62%, p < 0.001) during the school‐home trip.

Conclusion

ACS may contribute about 48% of the PA recommendations in young people on school days if both trip directions are actively performed. Therefore, future studies aimed at increasing daily PA levels in young population should focus on promoting students' ACS.

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020162004A.
A global systematic literature review on sustainable soil management practices (1994–2022)
Authors: Sharna Shaima Chowdhury , Maraseni Tek , Radanielson Ando Mariot
Published: July 2023

Sustainable Soil Management Practices (SSMP) offer potential benefits while conserving natural resources. However, the low adoption of SSMP limits the achievement of their full potential. To examine the current state of knowledge on SSMP adoption and identify research gaps, we systematically reviewed 269 peer‐reviewed publications pooled from Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect, covering the period from 1994 to 2022. We assessed the temporal and spatial transitions of SSMP adoption and identified a broad perspective of 14 themes on SSMP adoption and highlight the research trends and gaps. Prior to 2010, research on SSMP adoption was concentrated on a few themes and has become diversified in later years, covering emerging themes such as climate change and use Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Publications on SSMP adoption exhibited a global distribution, with particular emphasis on the African continent due to the flow of donors' funds driven by severe soil degradation and limited use of improved technologies in Africa. Studies on minimum soil disturbance were prevalent worldwide, with the highest number of publications. Our findings also indicate a strong research collaboration between developed and developing countries, showcasing donor‐driven collaborative efforts and mutual benefits across different regions. This review however highlights the limited inclusion of local knowledge in SSMP promotion and recommends a bottom‐up approach for future initiatives. In the discussion section, different critical factors of SSMP adoption covering farmers' perceptions, climate change, policy impact and the use of ICT are discussed. These findings and identified research gaps are useful for further research and the development of sustainable soil management policies, programmes and projects.
Daily huddle best practice: An Evidence‐Based guide
Authors: Murphy Victoria
Published: July 2023

Background

Daily huddles positively influence staff satisfaction and perception; standardization of a daily huddle should be prioritized to benefit from its effects.

Aim

The aim of this project initiative was to implement an evidence‐based, standardized daily huddle on an inpatient medical‐surgical oncology unit.

Implementation Plan

A searchable question was developed, and the identified literature was critically appraised and synthesized for evidence‐based recommendations. The recommendations for the structure and content of a daily huddle were implemented using a standardized format.

Outcomes

Pre‐implementation and post‐implementation staff perception and satisfaction surveys yielded positive results. Improvements in effective communication and staff satisfaction were identified.

Implications for Practice

An effective daily huddle is essential for communicating pertinent information that can affect workflows and patient safety, as well as promoting teamwork and staff satisfaction.
Capacities, Green function, and Bergman functions
Authors: Chen Bo‐Yong
Published: July 2023

Using the logarithmic capacity, we give quantitative estimates of the Green function, as well as precise lower bounds of the Bergman kernel for bounded pseudoconvex domains in and the Bergman distance for bounded planar domains. In particular, it is shown that the Bergman kernel satisfies the sharp estimate if is a bounded pseudoconvex domain with ‐boundary.
Optimization of Heat Interaction Between Borehole Heat Exchanger and Ground Using Taguchi Method During Space Cooling and Heating Operation of GSHP System
Authors: Kumar Satish , Murugesan Krishnan
Published: July 2023

In this research work, optimization of heat exchange between borehole heat exchanger (BHE) and the ground soil for space cooling and heating applications, incorporating the optimum thermal effectiveness of BHE has been reported. Initially, Taguchi technique is employed to optimize the effectiveness of borehole heat exchanger. Later, the experimental data of 24 h are coupled with the theoretically optimized parameters to compute the optimum heat exchange during peak summer and peak winter seasons. In the Taguchi optimization approach, six control variables at three levels are employed and a standard, L27 (36) orthogonal array is selected for the analysis. Among the six control variables, thermal conductivity of the grouting material is observed to be the most influential parameter and tube radius of BHE as the least parameter in the optimized thermal effectiveness of the BHE. Both the experiments for space heating and cooling were conducted on a 17.5 kW cooling capacity ground source heat pump system (GSHP), connected with five parallelly connected double U-tube BHE and one single U-tube BHE. To compute the optimum heat transfer to/ from the BHE, time-dependent borehole temperature was incorporated to include the dynamic thermal load of the GSHP system. After incorporating the Taguchi-optimized thermal effectiveness in the experimental data, there is an enhancement of 30% to 48% of heat rejection into the ground during the summer season, whereas in the winter season, there is an enhancement of 35– 52% of heat extraction from the ground.