bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the quality of manufacturing holes for sprockets of chain drives of agricultural machinery
Authors: Leonov O A , Shkaruba N Zh , Temasova G N , Vergazova Yu G
Published: December 2022

The article has devoted to solving an urgent problem related to the analysis of the quality of manufacturing sprockets for chain drives of agricultural machinery. For the conditions of a technical service enterprise specializing in the maintenance and repair of agricultural machines, an experimental assessment and analysis of the quality of spare parts - sprockets, which have a fit on the shaft of the H090 gearbox of the Mosselmash plant. It had revealed that the factory set the requirements for the inner diameter of the sprocket Ø30H7(+0.021). Measurements of the hole of 100 stars had carried out, as a result of the analysis of the experimental data obtained, the following had established: scattering parameters and quality parameters for manufacturing controlled dimensions. Using empirical data, a histogram and a theoretical curve for the distribution of the internal diameters of the sprocket had constructed. It had revealed that the probability of the appearance of suitable parts is 83%, parts with a correctable defect − 8%, with an unrecoverable one − 9%. On the basis of the obtained data, in order to improve the quality of manufacturing chain sprockets, appropriate recommendations had made to the manufacturer.
Experimental study of the polytropic coefficient for hydraulic shock from a decrease in pressure
Authors: Jonkobilov U , Rajabov U , Jonkobilov S
Published: December 2022

The article provides an analysis of scientific papers on the study of a hydraulic shock absorber - an air-hydraulic cap, shows that at present there is no consensus on the choice of the numerical value of the polytropic coefficient n. In practice, during the operation of pumping stations with long pressure pipelines, in the event of a sudden power outage, water hammer often occurs to the motors of the main pumps. To prevent this phenomenon, it is convenient to apply a hydraulic shock absorber. The accuracy of calculating the shock absorber depends on the reliable value of the coefficient n. The correct selection of the numerical value of the polytropic coefficient n provides for determining the optimal dimensions of the proposed hydraulic shock absorber. There are different opinions about the choice of the numerical value of n among scientists. N.E. Zhukovsky, when calculating the hydraulic shock absorber, takes n = 1.41. V.S. Dikarevsky accepts n=1.0. Therefore, the rationale for the correct choice of the numerical value of the polytropic coefficient for calculating the absorber in the case of water hammer is very relevant. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the polytropic coefficient n in a hydraulic shock absorber from a decrease in pressure. When conducting experiments on the study of the absorber, modern scientific instrumentation was used. At the same time, the obtained results of the experiments confirm that the variability of the value of the polytropic coefficient during hydraulic shock in the cap and the correctness of the recommendation of D.A. Fox. The conducted studies prove that the polytropic coefficient has a strictly polytropic character.
Modeling and optimization of technical processes in agricultural transport systems
Authors: Lvovich I Ya , Lvovich Ya E , Preobrazhenskiy A P , Preobrazhenskiy Yu P
Published: December 2022

The paper deals with the problem of optimizing the maintenance of vehicles in agricultural technical systems. The criterion is associated with the minimum mathematical expectation of vehicle losses during the total waiting time for all components. We consider the set of situations that arise in the course of making decisions regarding the growth of resource efficiency of the agricultural technical system. The procedures related to determining the assessment of preferences in the course of multiple choice are considered. On the base of proposed algorithm, it is possible to determine the preference of alternatives with a rational choice of a system of measures to ensure the resource efficiency of the functioning of the service structure for agricultural transport vehicles in the technical system. The example of modeling is shown.
Actual problems of the dairy industry automation in the Sakha Republic
Authors: Borisov A I , Makarova A O
Published: December 2022

The development of the food and processing industry of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020 provides for a systemic solution of the problems of development of the food and processing industry, resource and financial support of the industry, and improvement of the performance of agricultural production. The development strategy is designed taking into account the provisions of the Federal Law “On the Development of Agriculture”. Implementation of the agrarian policy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is also carried out as part of the agrarian policy of the agro-industrial complex of Russia, under the priority national project “Development of the Agroindustrial Complex of the Russian Federation”. The strategy is designed not only to provide the necessary conditions for the modernization of industry, the formation of a new technological mode, but also to solve financial, economic and social problems, contribute to the realization of the goals of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation until 2020. The relevance of the scientific article lies in the fact that at present the socio-economic situation in the country requires finding new approaches to improving food production conditions and living standards of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), requires the introduction of innovative milk processing technologies to ensure safe, cheap, high-quality milk and dairy products for the population of the republic.
Development of a small grain crusher device for small livestock, poultry and fish farms
Authors: Karshiev F U , Tursunov Sh Ch , Rasulov A D , Khudaynazarov D
Published: December 2022

Livestock breeding in Uzbekistan is established mainly in small farms, and more than 80 percent of the total product is produced in them. With the development of animal husbandry in small farms, there is a demand for equipment used in the preparation of feed, including the preparation of concentrated feed by crushing grains. Taking this into account, a small-sized grain grinder device for grinding grains was developed for small farms. The height of the device is 1170 mm, the length is 500 mm and the width is 700 mm, the weight is 45 kg, and the power of the electric motor is 1 kW. This shows that its construction is compact, metal consumption is low and energy efficient, and its use in small farms is effective enough.
Cultivation of the Halobacterium salinarum biomass with high antioxidant activity for agricultural and food industry
Authors: Egorenko M Yu , Baiguzhin G F , Kiseleva M A , Gorokhovskaya I N , Shmelin P S
Published: December 2022

Currently there is a great interest of the science community in extremophile microorganisms, mainly related to the chemical structure and biochemical characteristics. Research has shown the potential of that cell mass such as in the production of carotenoid like bacterioruberin. In this study, process of the cultivation of Halobacterium salinarum biomass with high antioxidant activity is described. Antioxidant activity of the Halobacterium salinarum extract in acetone was studied by HPLC with an amperometric detector. It can be concluded that the antioxidant activity of extracts of halophilic bacteria (5.341 mg/g) exceeds the antioxidant activity of such natural products - recognized sources of carotenoids, such as blueberries and carrots. The obtained results are promising to be used in the agricultural and food industry.
Effect of herbicide tank mixes on crop infestation and yield of spring wheat
Authors: Bobrovsky A V , Kryuchkov A A , Kozulina N S , Vasilenko A V
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of studies of tank mixtures of herbicides in the sowing of spring wheat variety Novosibirskaya 15. The results of the studies showed that the studied tank mixtures of herbicides effectively fought against weeds - the technical efficiency of the tank mixture of herbicides Lastik Top, MKE + Magnum Super, VDG was 90.2 %, tank sweep Lastik Extra, EC + Ballerina Super, SE - 89.1 %. Reducing the adverse effects of weeds contributed to an increase in yield - the use of a tank mix of herbicides Lastik Top, MKE + Magnum Super, VDG allowed to obtain an increase in yield of 1.06 t/ha or 39.6 %, a tank mix of Lastik Extra, KE + Ballerina Super, SE – 1.08 t/ha or 40.0 % in comparison with the control variant.
Grain separating and throwing machine in inline grain processing
Authors: Yampilov S S , Tsybenov Zh B , Gylykova S Zh , Baldanov V B , Moshkin N I
Published: December 2022

At present there is no grain processing machine capable of performing all operations on the processing of grain material. Therefore, a grain separating and throwing machine capable of processing grain material in a single operation is being developed. The machine performs grain material drying, its cleaning from impurities and cooling in the air flow. Theoretical studies were carried out to determine the basic design, geometric and technological parameters of the grain separating and throwing machine. By methods of mathematical analysis, the equations of grain motion in grain throwing machine and in the air stream were obtained. In order to confirm the theoretical expressions and data, experimental research on the laboratory setting was carried out. Experimental studies confirmed the adequacy of the theoretical conclusions. This machine can be used in the new technology of in-line grain material processing. The use of grain separating and throwing machine in the in-line processing of grain material will reduce the cost of grain processing.
Investigation of the film-forming ability of proteins subjected to UV treatment for the dairy industry development
Authors: Sherstneva N , Ryazantseva K , Agarkova E , Myalenko D
Published: December 2022

Film-forming mixtures based on reconstituted solutions of whey protein concentrates (WPC) with a protein content of 2.0 and 5.0% were subjected to UV irradiation in the range from 90 to 150 J/ml. With an increase in the dose of UV irradiation in film-forming solutions, the solubility of the protein decreased, the greatest effect was achieved in a mixture with a protein content of 2.0%. The decrease in solubility indirectly proved the process of aggregation of protein molecules in the studied solutions. It has been shown that UV exposure improves the strength properties of protein films. The highest specific stress at film rupture at an irradiation dose of 150 J/ml was 23.11 MPa in a 5.0% protein solution and 5.74 MPa in a 2.0% solution. The indicator of the applied force increased more intensively when processing a 5.0% protein solution, and amounted to 16.00 N in the case of a 2.0% solution, and 24.82 N in a 5.0% solution.
Investigation of the influence of microwave energy on the kinetics of the release of juice from apples
Authors: Eshpulatov Nodir , Yusupov Dilshod , Akabirov Lazizjon , Dinikulov Davlat , Toshmamatov Nurmirza
Published: December 2022

This article presents the results of experimental research on the effect of high-frequency electromagnetic field treatment on fruit juice. The interaction of high-frequency electromagnetic field energy with food was studied on the example of apples. Based on the dependence of the kinetics of juice release from fruits on the duration of exposure to an extremely high frequency electromagnetic field. Comparative analysis of apple juice obtained by treatment with ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field energy and by traditional methods. Treatment of fruits with 2400 MHz ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field energy was found to increase excess air pressure in pores, capillaries, and cells due to juice release and core-to-surface temperature. As a result of the occurrence of microbursts in the cells, 70-75% juice was released after pressing of apples due to coagulation of proteins and cell permeability.
Mathematical modeling of convective drying of wheat gluten granules in suspended state: installation for process implementation
Authors: Barzola M S , Pokoptseva A A , Aleksanyan I Yu , Nugmanov A Kh-Kh , Tsibizova M Ye
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study is to solve a mathematical model for convective drying of wheat gluten granules in a suspended state and to develop a rational design of the apparatus for its implementation. In the course of the study, based on the analysis of the mechanism of convective dehydration of a granular product in a suspended state, a mathematical model of this process was constructed. This model was adapted to the study object and subject and its solution was carried out. Proceeding from the study of the advantages and disadvantages of well-known installations for drying gluten granulated products, a rational design of an installation for drying gluten granules is recommended. It should be noted that the proposed continuous-action installation, due to its design features, may be suitable not only for dehydration of the granulated semi-finished product under study, but also for drying similar products.
Optimization of the solution of mass- and heat transfer models in capillary-porous media
Authors: Alekseev G V , Egorova O A , Shanin V A , Gaisin I A , Israphilov I H
Published: December 2022

Extraction efficiency is determined by mass and heat transfer processes in the liquid-solid system. In order to determine the optimal conditions for the extracting process, it is necessary to make up a mathematical model which reliably describes mass and heat exchange processes. In our study there are equations of mass and heat transfer, which occur during extracting process. They allow to determine numerically the process parameters and describe the resistance shares of external mass transfer much easier than in other methods of calculation. Further development of the outlined ideas leads to a new content of the concepts of kinetic coefficients of mass and heat transfer. To prove the accuracy of the calculation method, the share of external mass transfer resistance was calculated when extracting soybean oil with extraction gasoline and dichloroethane. The described calculation method for extracting process features may be used for designing extraction equipment, technology development and technological characterizing of process. Taking into account the identified system features, it is possible to reduce the solution to a particular form and mathematically describe a specific mass and heat exchange process. This makes it possible to determine the optimal conditions and increase the efficiency of the extracting process.
Research of topinambur water-heat and enzymatic processing modes for ethyl alcohol producing
Authors: Abramova I M , Turshatov M V , Soloviev A O , Kononenko V V , Nikitenko V D
Published: December 2022

Currently, the search for alternative sources of raw materials for the production of ethyl alcohol and related food and feed products is becoming increasingly relevant. One of the promising sources is jerusalem artichoke (topinambur). This crop has a high yield, is unpretentious, rich in polysaccharides. One of the problems in the production of ethyl alcohol from jerusalem artichoke tubers is the effective conversion of raw material polysaccharides into sugars digestible by alcohol yeast. Considering the seasonality of this crop and the difficulties in storage, it is necessary to integrate the technology of its processing as much as possible into the conditions of existing plants for processing grain raw materials into alcohol. The paper considers the most common options for water-thermal and enzymatic treatment of grain mashes in the production of ethyl alcohol in relation to Jerusalem artichoke. At the same time, it was shown that the highest results, with an alcohol yield of up to 98 liters per 1 ton of Jerusalem artichoke, are achieved when the mass is processed according to a mechanical-enzymatic scheme at a temperature of 90-95 °C using inulase enzyme for saccharification.
Scientific and technological basis study of local adsorbents during processing of sunflower oil in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Ashurov F B
Published: December 2022

At present, the oil and fat industry of Uzbekistan is one of the leading enterprises in the food industry, mainly processing sunflower seeds. Further introduction of new equipment and advanced technology was carried out, mechanization and automation of production processes, modernization of existing equipment, enterprises are specialized in the processing of two main types of raw materials: cotton seeds and sunflower seeds. Uzbekistan has begun processing other types of local raw materials (soybean seeds, safflower seeds, etc.). The expansion of crops of high-oil varieties of sunflower, soybean, safflower continued and the oil content of seeds increased. For 3 years of the current five-year plan, the oil content of seeds increased by 2% against 4.2% for the period of the previous five-year plan. The technology for the production of refined sunflower oil provides for a number of processes that ensure maximum removal of substances harmful to human health from it. It is known that the study of the kinetic regularities of the adsorption purification of vegetable oils makes it possible to rationally organize this process and its instrumentation.
The influence of agrotechnical practices on the early production of potatoes of the Red Scarlett variety
Authors: Dyikanova M E , Deniskina N F , Levshin A G , Gasparyan Sh V , Ivashova O N , Gasparyan I N
Published: December 2022

The scientific article presents the results of a five-year study to identify promising agrotechnical methods of cultivation on potatoes of the early variety Red Scarlett, in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem Zone of the Russian Federation. During this period, there is an increase in the cost and demand for fresh potato products. In world production, the potato occupies the fourth place after the main grain crops (wheat, corn, rice) and is an emergency in the event of a crop failure of spring wheat, it is not in vain that they say: “potatoes are the second bread”. To increase the yield in the early stages, it is necessary to select the optimal cultivation methods. In our studies, planting material of large and medium fractions was used, with and without germination (as a control). Germination was carried out with low illumination 60-70 W/m2, moderate temperature 12-140C, for 3 weeks. In variant 4,5,6, when planting, in addition to germination, glauconite sand was added at a dose of 10, 20, 30 g/1 plant. The purpose of the work: to determine the optimal method of growing and obtaining products by the third decade of July in the conditions of the Moscow region.
Winter hardiness of remontant raspberry under field and controlled conditions
Authors: Rachenko M A , Kiseleva E N , Rachenko A M , Kuznetsov A A
Published: December 2022

The development of fruit farming, an important branch of agriculture, is impossible without the introduction of new crops and new varieties. Replanted raspberries are a new crop for Siberia. Increased interest in it is determined by its biochemical composition, high productivity, and long fruit-bearing. Large-fruited varieties of European selection of summer fruiting do not always winter in the best way. We were interested in the possibility of expanding the potential of the studied varieties of remontant raspberry in the conditions of the Siberian climate, using it not only in an annual mowed crop but also to find out how realistic it is to get a yield from two-year shoots of remontant raspberry. For this purpose, the winter hardiness of floricans of remontant raspberry varieties was characterized. The most frost-resistant remontant raspberry varieties were identified according to the results of research. Critical negative temperature for all studied varieties and forms of remontant raspberry was determined.
Calculating the depth of cultivation of the area where vegetable seeds are planted depending on their type
Authors: Muxammedov J , Raximjonov F A , Mamasoliyeva S X
Published: December 2022

In the article, the working body of the tiller, which is processed before planting on horizontal ground, was determined according to the agrotechnical conditions with the following working parameters: the diameter of the milling drum, the number of blades, the angle of installation on the drum, the length of the milling blade and the number of revolutions of the milling drum. Depending on the size and types of vegetable seeds, the depth of processing varies. In order to ensure the depth of processing of vegetable seeds depending on the type, the range of the angle of installation of the milling cutter was determined.
Biodiversity and ecosystem stability based on molecular and genetic technologies in plant breeding
Authors: Zolkin Alexander L , Matvienko Evgeny V , Chistyakov Maxim S , Suchkov Dmitry K , Ryabkova Gina V
Published: December 2022

Genetic resources of plants are the part of biological resources that includes plant material containing functional units of heredity, which has the actual or potential value for the breeding of plant varieties and hybrids. For the first time in the world, the need to collect genetic resources was justified by N.I. Vavilov. An important and urgent problem in plant breeding is the task of creation of breeding material with desired properties. The creation of such material is still a complex and, in some cases, difficult task. Plant diversity is preserved in the world’s collections and is an extremely valuable huge source of potentially useful genes that farmers and breeders need in order to develop higher yielding varieties that are better able to adapt to environmental conditions. Grain crops, such as wheat, barley, corn, rice, etc., are always considered as the most valuable agricultural crops in terms of fodder productive qualities and are the main food in many countries of the world. Consequently, the world gene pool of agricultural plants is an insurance policy for the further well-being of mankind.
Aspects of the application of precision agriculture in the conditions of intensification of grain production in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia
Authors: Albert Maxim A , Galeev Rinat R , Kovalev Efim A
Published: December 2022

The results of three-year research during 2019-2021 on the study of the effectiveness of precision farming elements in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia are presented. The experiments were carried out on leached chernozem at the Irmen breeding farm, Ordynsky district, Novosibirsk region. Elements of precision farming were tested on grain crops: spring wheat: varieties Likamero, Novosibirskaya 31 and Omskaya 36; spring barley varieties: Paustian and Margret and oats varieties Rovestnik. Navigation and drones of varying degrees of complexity were used, as well as a complex of differentiated fertilization. The aim of the work was to improve the technology of precision farming in the production of grain crops in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The effectiveness of the use of precision farming elements has been established. Due to the introduction of differentiated doses of mineral fertilizers, the grain yield of wheat varieties increased by 27%, spring barley 33% and oats - 23%. Against the background of the use of geolocation technologies in combination with differentiated application of mineral fertilizers, the yield level reached 7 t/ha for spring soft wheat of the Licamero variety, 8 t/ha for spring barley Paustian, and 5.6 t/ha for oats. In order to obtain a high yield of grain crops, doses of mineral fertilizers were applied differentially according to elementary fields up to 25 Oct. per 1 hectare and liquid nitrogen fertilizers up to 200 l/ha UAN-32, which ensured not only a yield of up to 7 t/ha, but also high technological quality of grain with a gluten level in spring soft wheat of the Licamero variety - 36%.
Diversity of plankton communities of chloride lakes of Southeastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Tashlykova N A , Afonina E Yu
Published: December 2022

Saline lakes as an extreme type of ecosystems are the object of intensive multidisciplinary research. The few chloride water bodies are unique in their own way and are of great interest to researchers. Their morphometric, hydrological, physical and hedrochemical characteristics are subject to significant changes, which are caused by cyclic climatic fluctuations. These lakes periodic fill and dry up. Most chloride lakes are localized on relatively level surfaces. The depth and area of the lakes vary depending on meteorological conditions. They are fed by surface runoff water and atmospheric precipitation. The surveyed water bodies are part of the Onon-Borzya group of lakes, located in the Onon River valley in the south-eastern Transbaikalia. The region is characterized by a cryoarid climate. Organisms adapted to living in mineral lakes combine wide physiological tolerance to changing salinity with rather strong dependence on other features of the habitat. We aim is to research the diversity of algae and plankton invertebrates in shallow chloride lakes (Gorbunka, Dabasa-Nur, Hilganta). This work presents the results of primary studies conducted in March and July 2021. Plankton samples were collected and processed according to methods generally accepted in hydrobiology. Taxonomic composition, abundance and biomass of planktonic organisms were revealed. The composition of algae and the ratio of the divisions in the plankton of the surveyed chloride water bodies are typical for water bodies with increased salinity, where cyanobacteria and green algae prevail. In zooplankton one species, rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, which is a cosmopolitan, halobiont and typical inhabitant of inland mineral lakes, was found. Quantitative indices varied within a wide range, which is probably connected with hydrochemical indices and different level of filling of lakes.
Increasing the bioproductivity of Ammi majus L. with the use of growth regulators and microfertilizers
Authors: Zagoryansky A N , Nechaeva E Kh , Suetin V N , Nikiforova O I , Stepanova Yu V
Published: December 2022

It is possible to optimize the bioproductive process by adjusting the hormonal status of the plant organism. In this regard, in the development of advanced growing technologies in medicinal plant growing, much attention is paid to the use of natural bioregulators for the treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with various active substances. The development of an effective system for the use of growth regulators and microfertilizers is an important link in resource-saving technologies for medicinal crops, since they are environmentally safe, harmless and highly effective at low consumption rates of biologically active substances of polyfunctional action. In 2020-2021, in the Middle Volga branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution VILAR, an experiment was conducted to study the effect,of growth regulators and micronutrient fertilizers on the growth, development, increasing the yield of Ammi majus L. fruits. For two years of research, Albit showed the best results in the use of raw material areas, the average yield of Ammi majus L. fruits was 819 kg/ha, which is 162 kg/ha more than the control variant.
Influence of Scott pine seed size on the quality of seedlings produced
Authors: Knyazev A V , Lapshina M L , Borodin N A , Tkachev V V , Lebedev V V
Published: December 2022

The creation of highly productive forests should be based on the use of high quality seedlings. Those machines and technologies that have been used for cleaning and subsequent sorting of coniferous seeds with their subsequent sowing in the nursery do not fully provide the forestry complex with good-quality planting material. The reason for this is the use of seeds of unsorted fractions in nurseries, the failure to observe conditions during sowing that ensure the amicable emergence of seedlings and conditions in the sowing rows for the normal development of plants, excluding their large mortality and obtaining non-standard seedlings. It should be noted that modern requirements for silvicultural production largely depend on the quality of planting material. Seedlings obtained by growing them without overshooting give a high silvicultural effect if they meet the intended purpose of the cultivated area, have biometric parameters determined by GOST, which make it possible to grow high-quality planting material without overshooting in two growing seasons. The use of innovations in the restoration of forest landscapes is necessary for the cooperation of engineers and researchers. The integration of scientific and technical research and engineering design contributes to the speedy achievement of stringent environmental requirements for vehicle engines and tools. Obtaining high-quality seed is possible while maintaining the sowing qualities of seeds, reducing the degree of injury and treatment cycles, reducing losses during processing and sowing in the nursery. Based on this, there is a need to develop a device for sorting seeds of coniferous species, which will ensure the quality and efficiency of the technological process, as well as obtaining high-quality seed material in a minimum number of processing cycles.
Samarkand region land resources and the status of their use in the economy
Authors: Namozov J A , Djurayeva L V , Dovulov N L
Published: December 2022

The article talks about the composition of agricultural land resources of Samarkand region, including irrigated land resources and its importance. The role of these lands in the agro-economy of the region, the district-level characteristics are described by its land types. In agriculture, the share of irrigated land and arable land is represented in the form of tables and diagrams. The importance of irrigated land in the economy of regional districts is shown by the example of regional agriculture and other industries. In the concluding part of the article, proposals and recommendations on the rational use of agricultural land in the economy have been developed.
Taxonomic analysis of micromycetes of the highest plants of the Denau arboretum
Authors: Sodikova D G , Sodikov B S , Mardonov Sh U
Published: December 2022

On decorative trees and shrubs, under the influence of external factors and pathogenic microorganisms, the development of various diseases is observed. The article is devoted to the prevention of such negative phenomena, the study of the species composition of the biota of micromycetes, as well as the analysis of their bioecological characteristics.
Technologies of oats cultivation on ordinary chernozem in the Krasnoyarsk region
Authors: Romanov V N , Lipshin A G , Kazulina N S , Vasilenko A V
Published: December 2022

Studies to determine the impact of increasing the flow of biogenic energy in the agroecosystem on the productivity of oats were carried out in 2017-2019 in a stationary field experiment of the laboratory of varietal agricultural technologies. An assessment was made of minimal tillage, using the BDM-6 Rubin disc harrow and direct seeding technology with an improved SZS-2.1 stubble seedier, in comparison with traditional technology based on mouldboard plowing (control). The object of study is the oat variety Tubinsky, which showed a yield of 4 t/ha during variety testing. The crop yield was formed in severe weather conditions, which limited the oat yield to 2.9–3.4 t/ha, which is 15–28% lower than the level during variety testing. The bioenergetic assessment allows us to note that the highest energy coefficient was obtained in the variant of minimal processing with the use of ammonium nitrate (4.8) and direct sowing without the use of mineral fertilizers (4.4). Nitrogen fertilizers, in the form of ammonium nitrate, applied before sowing in the amount of 1 c/ha, contributed to an increase in oat productivity by 7–9%. In general, resource-saving technologies for crop cultivation reduce production costs by 12.6%, and fuel and lubricant consumption is reduced by 42.6% compared to technology based on mouldboard processing. The inevitable growth of weeds in direct sowing areas is reduced by 80% by the use of herbicides. Differences in the yield level between the technology options are insignificant, (Smallest Difference Existing) SDE05 was 0.4 t/ha.
Change in agrophysical properties of the soils of the lower Amu Darya river terrain
Authors: Namozov Kh , Korakhonova Y , Khojasov M , Isaev S , Khojasov A
Published: December 2022

Today, 50 percent of agricultural land in the world is moderately and severely degraded, and 12 million hectares of land are lost from agricultural use every year. Because of this, the land, which is the means of livelihood and livelihood of millions of people, is under threat. Nearly 800 million people suffer from chronic malnutrition, which in turn is directly related to land degradation, reduced soil fertility, unsustainable water use, drought, and severe biodiversity loss. According to scientific predictions, over the next 25 years, as a result of the acceleration of soil degradation processes, global food production will decrease by 12%, which will lead to an increase in food prices by 30%. This article describes the agrophysical properties of the soils of the lower reaches of Amu Darya, increasing soil fertility, effective use of land resources and development of advanced agrotechnical measures, scientifically based results of soil fertility.
Desalinization of degraded soils by atmospheric precipitation and Biosolvent for saving water resources
Authors: Shirokova Yu I , Paluashova G K , Sadiev F F , Lamers J P A , Kodirov D T
Published: December 2022

In the Syrdarya region of Uzbekistan, the influence of atmospheric precipitation on changes in the degree of salinity and chemical composition of the upper 30 cm soil layer was studied. Experiment options: 1 - loosening the soil to a depth of 70 cm, 2 - loosening, followed by soil treatment with preparation containing polymaleic acid. A decrease in the degree of soil salinity by 7 - 8 dS/m has been established with the help of only 302 mm of precipitation, without water wasted for leaching. The decrease in soil salinity was: according to EU, 56% - in option 2, and 52% - in option 1. According to TDS, the salinity reduction was: - 61 and 52%, according to SO “4. - 58 and 47%. The content of calcium in the variant with the use of Biosolvent decreased by 48%, and in the control variant, it increased by 15%. It has been estimated that with a decrease in salinity from 16 to 8 dS/m, a possible increase in the yield of a salt-tolerant barley crop by 1.6 t/ha is possible. Taking into account the costs of loosening and tillage with the preparation, the net income of the farmer can be $480/ha.
Hydraulic calculation lateral in drip irrigation
Authors: Abduraimova D , Otakhonov M , Jalilov S , Vokhidova U
Published: December 2022

Drip irrigation systems are widely used worldwide to satisfy the water demand of agricultural crops. It is known that drip irrigation technology has a number of other advantages, such as intensive irrigation, automation, and water economical benefits. The methods which is available in hydraulics are widely used in the calculation of drip irrigation design. One of the most important issues in the drip irrigation system is the correct estimation of the discharge coming out of the drippers. As known from hydraulic calculations, it is necessary to take into account the pressure when determining the discharge coming out of the emitters. It should also be noted that discharge from emitters has a special effect on pressure losses in drip irrigation systems. The article presents the results of the research conducted in natural field conditions on the assessment of hydraulic processes in drip irrigation systems. As an object of research, the cultivated field of the “Sharifjan oglu Akhmadjon” farm in Rishton district, Fergana region was selected. The results of measurement work at 36 points of the research object are highlighted. As a result of the conducted research, recommendations for determining discharge in irrigation pipes were developed.
Method for treating wastewater from nitrogen group in the Murmansk region
Authors: Krasavtseva E A , Svetlov A V , Makarov D V , Slukovskaya M V , Shirokaya A A
Published: December 2022

The problem of mining enterprises wastewater treatment has not lost its relevance over the past decades. The paper presents the results of laboratory studies on the nitrogen group compounds removal from the wastewater of an Arctic iron ore enterprise using various sorbents: zeolite, sishtof, thermovermiculite. The prospects of using geochemical barriers made of zeolite and vermiculite for the enterprise wastewater treatment are shown. The possibility of using spent vermiculite enriched with nitrogen as a prolonged action fertilizer as part of remediation measures was proposed.
On the calculation of the average annual flow of the Prokhladnaya River
Authors: Akhmedova N R , Naumov V A , Wall E V
Published: December 2022

In order to develop measures for the rational use and protection of water resources, information on the characteristics of water bodies is needed. The flow of water in the river is the most important hydrological characteristic, which is used in various calculations. In practice activities, the determination of the calculated hydrological characteristics is carried out quite often in conditions of insufficient data from hydrometric observations or in their complete absence. This article presents the results of restoring a number of average annual discharges of the Prokhladnaya River, the catchment area of which occupies the southwestern part of the Kaliningrad region. The Instruch River was chosen as an analogue river, which meets the requirements set forth in the regulatory documents. The obtained data on the average annual discharges of the Prokhladnaya River are of great importance, since the Prokhladnaya River basin plays an important role in the water management complex of the region.
Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic by living organisms at the waste dump of a gold processing plant
Authors: Samburova M A , Safonov V A , Rylnikova M V , Radchenko D N
Published: December 2022

The soil samples were taken from different depths, as well as plant samples and tissue and wool samples of small mammals Talpa europaea to study the ecological situation in the conditions of Novotroitsk tailing dump, the dumping site of Novotroitsk gold-arsenic deposits. For comparison, samples of plants, tissues, and wool of animals from background areas of the Kabanka River and Demarino village were obtained. The greatest interest was to determine the content of arsenic and heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in the samples. All samples from the tailing dump showed multiple exceedances of arsenic and heavy metals. On average, there was 1,286 times more arsenic in the soil than is allowed by health standards. It was noted that the accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in plants is uneven and depends on the taxonomic affiliation and part of the plant, but exceeding the background levels were found in all samples. In animals, the highest concentrations of arsenic were found in wool; body organs – liver, exceeding the background values 181.3-273.9. There was also a noticeable accumulation of lead and copper in the liver. Thus, the ecology of the tailing dump area is in a depressed state, and comprehensive reclamation measures are needed.
Ecological problems of microbial contamination of packaging materials
Authors: Lykov I N , Loboda N B
Published: December 2022

Modern packaging can be defined as a means of ensuring the safe delivery of a product to the consumer at the lowest overall cost. Packaging materials are designed to protect the product from various environmental factors, including microorganisms. Microbiological studies of packaging materials and packages in Russia are sporadic and not systematized. At the same time, abroad, this issue is paid close attention, which is associated not only with environmental issues, but also with the desire to take a more advanced position in the consumer market. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to assess the role of packaging materials in the cross microbiological contamination of packaged products. We investigated different types of packaging and packaging materials. It was found that they were mainly contaminated by mold fungi, of which 70% were Aspergillus and 30% Penicillium. Of these, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus amstelodami, Penicillium brevicompactum were most often present. The contamination level ranged from 1.1×103 to 1.6×105 CFU/sm2. Fresh tomato and cucumber packages contained 29% of mold fungi (Penicillium, Alternaria, Paeolomices, Fusarium) and 71% of Enterobacteriace (Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloace, Serratia marcescens). A significant number of bacteria, including Salmonella arizona and Staphylococcus aureus were detected on the surfaces in contact with food products during their production and sale.
Results of derivatographic and ir-spectroscopic investigations of wear-out rubber of car tires after pyrolysis processing
Authors: Juraev Shokhruh , Mukhiddinov Bahodir
Published: December 2022

The paper presents the results of a study of the physicochemical characteristics of a carbon-containing material obtained by pyrolysis of worn tires. The temperature balance in the pyrolysis of car tires in the range of 50-1100 °C was determined by derivatographic analysis. It is proposed to develop composite elastomeric materials based on rubber of grades SKI-3 and SKMS-30, which are filled with carbon-containing material after pyrolysis. A relationship between structural characteristics, the nature of the surface of a carbon-containing material, and rubber macromolecules has been found. The use of the solid phase of pyrolysis as a filler of a carbon-containing material, which can be used in the production of rubber, has been studied.
Application of GIS to improve the efficiency of water management
Authors: Andreev D V , Makarova M E
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the use of a geographic information system to improve the efficiency of water management. GIS technology is a modern and quite effective approach, which is fast and convenient, the implementation of which is aimed at a comprehensive analysis of the problems that have arisen, and then at solving the problems put forward based on the analysis. That is why it is necessary to pay due attention to the creation of a GIS designed for water tourism, as well as to ensure that potential tourists have access to this system. All this contributes to the emergence of a large influx of travelers in Yakutia.
Digital model of the vegetation digression process under the influence of anthropogenic impact
Authors: Dorrer G A
Published: December 2022

The problem of mathematical description of the vegetation digression processes is considered including the changes in natural plant complexes under the influence of their intensive use by humans. The requirements for digital models of the digression process and the problems arising from this are formulated. A mathematical model of pasture digression which is characteristic of both reindeer herding and cattle breeding in the southern desert regions has been proposed and studied. A GIS-based system has been implemented for digital modeling of pasture digression processes, which can serve as a basis for the corresponding cyber-physical system.
On the development of satellite geodetic networks using mobile monitoring and control stations
Authors: Kovalev I V , Kovalev D I , Kovalev R B , Podoplelova V A , Borovinsky D A , Popov A M
Published: December 2022

The article gives an overview of the structural elements of geodetic networks of various types. For satellite geodetic networks, a promising method of using mobile monitoring and control stations is considered. This method provides an increase in the reliability and stability of the orbital constellation, however, when implementing it, it is necessary to pay special attention to the issue of geodetic referencing of the antennas of mobile monitoring and control stations. The problem of geodetic support for the phased deployment of the GLONASS satellite radio navigation system is described. It is shown that the developed methods of geodetic work on the binding of trajectory tracking stations of artificial Earth satellites provide the necessary accuracy, but can be improved in the process of experimental work.
Geographical region and exterior characteristics analysis of Bligon goat for livestock development based on landform aspect (a case study of Bantul district, Special Region of Yogyakarta)
Authors: Haryanto B , Bhermana A , Heryanto B , Rahmawati R D , Atmoko B A , Andarwati S , Musoddaq M A , Panjono
Published: December 2022

In Indonesia, livestock have an important role in development and progress of the agricultural sector. Especially in Bantul District, Special Region of Yogyakarta, with the highest population of livestock, this region was dominated by Bligon goat. This study was conducted to analyse potential of geographical region with the existence of Bligons goat based on biophysical aspect. The landform and agroecological approach were used in order to know the correlation between Bligon goat characteristics and its environment. Field survey and descriptive analysis using a geographic information system (GIS) were also implemented for spatial analysis purposes, whereas qualitative data were analysed based on distribution of frequencies and values of mean and standard deviation for observed characteristics. The different landform represented by altitude with each specific agroecological region affected different qualitative and quantitative exterior characteristics of Bligon goats involving head’s hair colour, body’s hair colour, crest colour, messy colour, ears shape, and body shape. This information can then be used as basic consideration for livestock spatial development especially Bligon goats including management of genetic resource for Bligon goats.
The effect of indole-3-acetic-acid and benzyl amino purine concentrations on matoa (Pometia pinnata) growth in vitro
Authors: Yuniastuti E , Pratami A D , Sukaya  , Putri I I S
Published: December 2022

Matoa, a Papuan fruit, is known to taste like a cross between longan, rambutan, and durian. Therefore, Matoa has seed storage and plant propagation restrictions. The tissue culture method of matoa propagation is used to solve this issue. This research aims to provide vegetative planting material that can be propagated in vitro. The study was conducted from June 2021 to January 2022 at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, using a completely randomized design pattern (CRD) 2x4 treatment factors for growth regulators. There were 16 treatment combinations, which were repeated three times. The first factor is Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) concentration, which has four levels: 0 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, and 1.5 ppm. The second factor is Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) concentration, which has four levels: 0 ppm, 2 ppm, 4 ppm, and 6 ppm. The results revealed that root emergence time, leaf emergence time, root number, and leaf number all had high growth rates. The number of leaves and stem nodes correlated, indicating that matoa explant growth was linked.