bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of active rapid molecular screening and IPC interventions to reduce carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in emergency intensive care unit – a prospective, multi-stage study
Authors: Wu Wenjuan , Yang Simin , He Lihua , Li Ke , Yu Xiaoyu , Ni Lijun , Hu Liang , Guo Jian , Biskup Ewelina , Tang Lunxian
Published: October 2019

Background: To investigate whether molecular rapid active screening and infection-prevention and control（IPC）interventions can reduce the colonization and infection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in a general emergency intensive care unit (EICU). Methods: The study was designed as a before-and-after quasi-experiment. It was conducted in 3 stages. During stage 1, April 2018, the environment was prepared and the staff in EICU was trained. Stage 2 was the main experimental stage from May 2018 to January 2019. The active screening was tested by semi-nested real-time fluorescent PCR (polymerase chain reaction) detection with rectal swabs from all the patients on admission to EICU and the results would be feedback in 1 hour and other IPC interventions were conducted in strict supervision in this stage. In the last stage (stage 3), February 2019-April 2019, only active screening was strictly executed. Other IPC interventions were carried out by health workers without supervision. In the meantime, the atient information and culture results from clinical laboratory from January 2017-April 2019 were collected. Results: In this 1-year study, a total of 217 patients were enrolled. There were 23.04% of the patients were initially colonized or infected with CRE as tested by active molecular screening. The clinical culture detection rate of CRE colonization/infection was 3.37% during the baseline stage (before this study was carried out), from January 2017-March 2018. The rate decreased significantly to 1.20% (p<0.05) during the main experimental period in which active screening and IPC intervention were executed strictly. However, the rate increased again to 6 .12% in stage 3 in which only active screening were carried out in supervision. Based on the clinical characteristics of the EICU patients, we found there's a higher probability that the patients had invasive devices or skin-barrier damage on admission or had antibiotic use before admission were colonized or infected with CRE (p<0.05). Conclusions : Rapid active screening by molecular detection and other IPC interventions conducted in supervision showed a significant reduction of CRE in nosocomial infection. The key to reduce the spread of CRE in the EICU is that all medical staff and healthcare workers execute IPC interventions strictly.
Whole genomic analysis of two influenza H3N2 virus strains isolated from Qinghai, China
Authors: Rao Huaxiang , Li Hong , Lu Nannan , Lei Youju , Zhao Shengcang , Yu Juan
Published: October 2019

Background Influenza H3N2 virus has a faster evolution rate than other types of influenza viruses. This study was performed to better understand the molecular evolution of influenza H3N2 in Qinghai Province, China in 2017.Methods Complete sequences of eight gene segments of two influenza H3N2 isolates in 2017 in Qinghai Province were sequenced and analyzed by MEGA 6.06 software.Results Phylogenetic analysis showed that two Qinghai H3N2 isolates were relatively close to the 2016–2017 vaccine strain, 3C.2a-A/Hong Kong/4801/2014. In HA protein, compared with the 2015-2016 WHO recommended vaccine strain A/Switzerland/971 5293/2013, six amino acid substitutions were observed in epitopes A and B in Qinghai isolates in 2017, however, only two amino acid substitutions were observed in epitopes A and B in Qinghai isolates compared with the A/Hong Kong/4801/2014, which indicated 2016-2017 vaccine strain might have a better protection against the strains circulating in Qinghai Province in 2017 . Besides, amino acid substitution of K160T at the glycosylation site of HA and H75P in PB1-F2 in the two Qinghai isolates might affect the antibodies binding ability and the virulence of influenza virus. And there was no key amino acid substitution in the key sites of segment NA, M, NP, NS, PA and PB2.Conclusions The presence of several antigenic site mutations in Qinghai H3N2 isolates confirms the evolution of circulating H3N2 strains. Enhancing the surveillance of influenza epidemic by whole genome sequencing is important to monitor whether the selected vaccine strains are protective against the circulating strains in Qinghai Province.
High levels of population genetic differentiation in the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus)
Authors: Rossi Natalia Alejandra , Menchaca-Rodriguez Angelica , Antelo Rafael , Wilson Byron , McLaren Kurt , Mazzotti Frank , Crespo Rafael , Wasilewski Joe , Alda Fernando , Doadrio Ignacio , Barros Tito R , Hekkala Evon , Alonso-Tabet Manuel , Alonso-Giménez Yairen , Lopez Manuel , Espinosa-Lopez Georgina , Burgess Joe , Thorbjarnarson John B. , Ginsberg Joshua R. , Vliet Kent A. , Amato George
Published: October 2019

The American crocodile ( Crocodylus acutus ) is a widely distributed species across coastal and brackish areas of the Neotropical region of the Americas and the Greater Antilles. Available information on patterns of genetic differentiation in C. acutus shows a complex structuring influenced by interspecific interactions (mainly hybridization) and anthropogenic actions (mostly historical hunting, recent poaching and unintentional translocation of individuals). Moreover, recent work suggests C. acutus as a complex of cryptic species with preliminary proposals for taxonomic reassignment. Until recently, most population genetics research has primarily focused on present hybrid zones with other new world crocodilians . In this study, we used data on mitochondrial DNA control region and 11 nuclear polymorphic microsatellite loci to assess the degree of population structure of C. acutus in South America, North America, Central America and the Greater Antilles. We used traditional genetic differentiation indices, Bayesian clustering and multivariate methods to create a more comprehensive picture of the genetic relationships within the species across its range. Analyses of mtDNA and microsatellite loci show evidence of strong population genetic structure in the American crocodile, with unique populations in each sampling locality. Our results support previous findings showing large degrees of genetic differentiation between the continental and the Greater Antillean C. acutus. We report three new haplotypes unique to Venezuela, which are considerably less distant from the Central and North American haplotypes than to the Greater Antillean ones. Our findings reveal genetic population differentiation between Cuban and Jamaican C. acutus and offer the first evidence of strong genetic differentiation among the populations of Greater Antillean C. acutus. The information generated here is crucial for local and regional planning and conservation of the species, and contributes to the ongoing discussion on potential taxonomic revision for C. acutus .
Genomic Diversity and Spatiotemporal Distributions of Lassa Virus Outbreaks in Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Abdulwahid Abaukaka , Asgari Yazdan
Published: October 2019

Background Lassa virus (LASV) is a single-negative strand RNA Arenavirus (genus Mammarenavirus ), oriented in both negative and positive senses. Due to the increase in fatality rate of deadly disease LASV caused (Lassa fever), widespread of LASV in Nigeria has been a subject of interest. Following the upsurge of LASV endemicity in 2012, another marked incidence were recorded in Nigeria, 2018, with 394 confirmed cases in 19 states, and estimated 25% cases led to death. This study aimed at acquiring the genetic variation of LASV ancestral evolution with evolvement of new strains in different lineage and its geographical distributions within specific time of outbreaks through Bayesian inference, using genomic sequence across affected states in Nigeria. Results From the result, we were able to establish the relationship of Lassa mamarenavirus and other arenaviruses by classifying them into distinct monophyletic groups, i.e. the old world arenaviruses, new world arenaviruses, and Reptarenaviruses. Corresponding promoter sites for genetic expression of the viral genome were analyzed based on Transcription Starting Site (TSS), the S_Segment (MK291249.1) is about 2917–2947 bp and L_Segment (MH157036.1), is about1863–1894 bp long. LASV sequence obtained from different part of Nigeria were genetically related. Benue, Imo, and Bauchi states represent the host etiology of the LASV. Spread across other neighboring states were based on genetic pedigree dated to previous outbreaks as at year 2008 to 2012. Phylogeography of recent transmission from year 2017 to 2019 indicates vectors were fast spreading LASV from Ondo states to Delta, Edo, and Kogi states, while spread across north eastern states suggests a vector origin from Bauchi state. Conclusions The study evidently outlined the path of transmission based on genetic homology of the sampled LASV sequences in affected geographical locations. we suggests, federal government should initiate a vector surveillance program to curtails further spread of LASV, especially, states bordering with north western states and north central Nigeria. Keywords Genomic, Lassa Virus, Phylogeography, Spatiotemporal and Nigeria
KONSEP ETIKA DALAM DAKWAH
Authors: Fatihah Siti Rohmatul
Published: October 2019

Da'wah must be done with science. People who have an interest in plunging into the world of da'wah are required to understand the rules and mechanisms of dakwah fully intact before further practicing it. If one is forced to do da'wah without controlling or understanding knowledge (among other things related to ethics and aesthetics of da'wah), not only the process and the result is not good, but also the consequences can be dangerous, both for the image of Islam, da'wah, and religious life in general . Because, deeper and broader understanding and understanding of religious teachings, community life, and ways of preaching (including ethics and aesthetics), the dakwah is shown more wise, wise, touching, interesting, memorable, and longing.

 

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Dakwah harus dilakukan dengan ilmu. Orang yang memiliki minat terjun ke dunia dakwah di wajibkan memahami aturan-aturan dan mekanisme dakwah dengan utuh secara sempurna sebelum lebih jauh mempraktikkannya. Jika seseorang memaksakan diri melakukan dakwah tanpa menuguasai atau memahami ilmu (antara lain berkaitan dengan etika dan estetika dakwah), bukan hanya proses dan hasilnya yang kurang baik, tetapi juga akibatnya dapat menjadi berbahaya, baik bagi citra Islam, dakwah, maupun kehidupan keagamaan pada umumnya. Karena, semakin dalam dan luas pemahaman serta waawasan dai terhadap ajaran agama, kehidupan masyarakat, serta cara berdakwah (termasuk di dalamnya etika dan estetika), maka dakwah yang ditunjukkan semakin arif, bijak, menyentuh, menarik, mengesankan, dan dirindukan.
Um sistema para se proteger da escola
Authors: Possato Beatris Cristina
Published: October 2019

Este artigo busca compreender a implementação do “Sistema de Proteção Escolar”, uma política pública educacional do Estado de São Paulo, e conhecer seus significados, suas concepções, bem como sua dinâmica e a complexidade desses processos. O artigo tece sua análise por meio de entrevistas, tendo seu referencial teórico baseado nos estudos de Michel Foucault para discutir como essa política pública ampara-se na abordagem sistêmica e em uma visão administrativa da educação, utilizando mecanismos do biopoder para agir, ao mesmo tempo, como aparelho disciplinar e aparelho regulamentador estatal, tentando atingir não somente o indivíduo, mas também normalizando um conjunto de escolas como um “sistema”.
Neuropsychological and Syntactic Deficits in HIV Seropositive Males
Authors: Kambanaros Maria , Messinis Lambros , Psichogiou Mina , Leonidou Lydia , Gogos Charalambos A. , Nasios Grigorios , Papathanasopoulos Panagiotis
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Given the underlying frontal-basal ganglia circuit neuropathogenesis of HIV-infected individuals, it is surprising that little is reported about potential language deficits as part of their higher cognitive dysfunctional profile. This study aims to elucidate whether HIV-positive individuals have linguistic impairments that may originate from or be intensified by deficits in cognitive functions. The research questions address (i) quantitative differences in sentence repetition abilities involving complex syntactic phenomena between adults with HIV and non-HIV healthy controls (ii) correlations of sentence repetition scores with neurocognitive measures and (iii) correlation of sentence repetition performance with duration and severity of HIV.

Methods:

A battery of neuropsychological tests were administered to 40 HIV - seropositive males and 40 demographically matched healthy controls to assess verbal learning/episodic memory, psychomotor speed, executive functions and visuospatial abilities. Language abilities were evaluated using a repetition task that screened specific complex syntactic operations at the sentence-level.

Results:

A significant difference was noted between the two groups regarding correct repetition of the sentence repetition task with the control group outperforming the HIV-seropositive group. For the HIV group, significant correlations were found for correct sentence repetition with years of education, duration of illness, Mini-Mental State Examination, semantic and phonemic fluency, symbol digit modality test scores, and the Trail Making Test (parts A and B).

Conclusion:

Speech-language pathologists and neuropsychologists should screen for language deficits associated with the different clinical syndromes in HIV patients as part of their routine clinical care.
Identification of Klebsiella Variicola T29A Genes Involved In Tolerance To Desiccation
Authors: Rodríguez-Andrade Osvaldo , Corral-Lugo Andrés , Morales-García Yolanda E. , Quintero-Hernández Verónica , Rivera-Urbalejo América P. , Molina-Romero Dalia , Martínez-Contreras Rebeca D. , Bernal Patricia , Muñoz-Rojas Jesús
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

Several plant-beneficial bacteria have the capability to promote the growth of plants through different mechanisms. The survival of such bacteria could be affected by environmental abiotic factors compromising their capabilities of phytostimulation. One of the limiting abiotic factors is low water availability.

Materials and Methods:

In extreme cases, bacterial cells can suffer desiccation, which triggers harmful effects on cells. Bacteria tolerant to desiccation have developed different strategies to cope with these conditions; however, the genes involved in these processes have not been sufficiently explored.Klebsiella variicolaT29A is a beneficial bacterial strain that promotes the growth of corn plants and is highly tolerant to desiccation. In the present work, we investigated genes involved in desiccation tolerance.

Results & Discussion:

As a result, a library of 8974 mutants of this bacterial strain was generated by random mutagenesis with mini-Tn5 transposon, and mutants that lost the capability to tolerate desiccation were selected. We found 14 sensitive mutants; those with the lowest bacterial survival rate contained mini-Tn5 transposon inserted into genes encoding a protein domain related to BetR, putative secretion ATPase and dihydroorotase. The mutant in the betR gene had the lowest survival; therefore, the mutagenized gene was validated using specific amplification and sequencing.

Conclusion:

Trans complementation with the wild-type gene improved the survival of the mutant under desiccation conditions, showing that this gene is a determinant for the survival ofK. variicolaT29A under desiccation conditions.
Synthesis and Study of 4, 4-12-12 Alkyl Phenol Polyoxyethylene Sulfonate Gemini Surfactant
Authors: Yan Lu , Ping Fan
Published: October 2019

Background:

Gemini surfactants have good prospect of application development
in various fields for their superior performance in foaming, wettability, and emulsification
with lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) than conventional mono-surfactants.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to synthesize an ionic sulfonate Gemini surfactant,
which is mainly used as an oil flooding agent, to improve oil recovery and reduce oil production
cost.

Methods:

With 4-dodecyl phenol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol as the raw materials
to synthesize two sulfonate Gemini surfactants. The single factor experiment combined
with Box-Behnken center composite experimental design, the optimum reaction conditions
were determined. The optimal reaction condition of sulfonation was determined by orthogonal
test. The product structure was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared.

Results:

The mass fraction of sodium hydroxide ω(NaOH), temperature and the quality ratio of
hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to dodecyl phenol were 18%, 93.5°C and 14.2%,
respectively. Under the condition of ice bath, the molar ratio of chlorosulfonic acid to 4, 4-
12-12 alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether was 2.02:1 and reaction for 5h. The critical micelle
concentration was determined to be 2×10-4, 1.05×10-4, respectively.

Conclusion:

Two sulfonate Gemini surfactants, namely 5, 5-dilauryl alkyl-2,2'-(diethylene
glycol oxygen base) sodium diphenyl sulfonate and 5,5-dilauryl alkyl-2,2'-(triethylene glycol
oxygen base) sodium diphenyl sulfonate (recorded as III and IV, respectively) were synthesized.
The synthesized surfactants have excellent emulsification ability.
Интерференция спиновых волн в решетках из микроволноводов на основе пленок железо-иттриевого граната
Authors: Хивинцев Ю.В. , Кожевников А.В. , Сахаров В.К. , Дудко Г.М. , Филимонов Ю.А. , Khitun A.
Published: October 2019

AbstractEffects of propagation and interference of spin waves in an eight-port magnonic structure in the form of a 2 × 2 array of microwaveguides based on yttrium-iron garnet films with microantennas placed at the waveguide ends are studied experimentally and numerically. It is shown that conditions for a constructive and destructive interference of spin waves, which is necessary for creating spin-wave logic devices, can be implemented at output transducers by changing the phase of input signals.
Управление свойствами спин-волнового транспорта в полукольцевом магнонном микроволноводе
Authors: Губанов В.А. , Мартышкин А.А. , Шешукова С.Е. , Садовников А.В.
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpin-wave transport along a waveguide structure with disturbed translational symmetry has been investigated. A semiring portion of a magnon microwaveguide has been made of a YIG film. It has been shown that one can control the dynamic magnetization spatial distribution by varying the magnetic biasing angle in the microwaveguide plane. Under such conditions, the transmission coefficient of standing waves changes noticeably. The structure suggested in this paper allows the rotation of spin-wave signals in an irregular configuration under the conditions of surface magnetostatic wave propagation. This effect may be used in planar magnon networks.
Туннельные магниторезистивные элементы для датчиков магнитного поля
Authors: Пашенькин И.Ю. , Сапожников М.В. , Гусев Н.С. , Рогов В.В. , Татарский Д.А. , Фраерман А.А.
Published: October 2019

The technology of fabricating of chains of tunnel magnetoresistive (TMR) elements based on CoFe/Al2O3/NiFe nanostructures with pinning on the antiferromagnetic IrMn layer has been developed. The dependence of the magnetoresistance curves on the geometrical parameters of the laterally bounded TMR contacts, as well as on the mutual orientation of the external magnetic field and the axis of the unidirectional anisotropy of the fixed CoFe layer has been investigated. The resistance of the chains has been varied from several tens of kΩ to hundreds of MΩ, depending on the thickness of the tunnel dielectric layer. The magnitude of the magnetoresistive effect has been about 10–15%. The suggested technology can be used to make tunnel magnetic field sensors
Оптимизация состава, синтез и изучение широкополосных многослойных зеркал для ЭУФ диапазона
Authors: Барышева М.М. , Гарахин С.А. , Зуев С.Ю. , Полковников В.Н. , Салащенко Н.Н. , Свечников М.В. , Смертин Р.М. , Чхало Н.И. , Meltchakov E.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the development, fabrication and analysis of broadband Mo/Si and Mo/Be stack-design multilayer mirrors for the wavelength ranges of 11.1-13.8, 17–21 and 28–33 nm. It is shown that for these structures smooth reflection curves can be achieved in a small number of corrections of the technological process.
Модификация поверхностных свойств эпитаксиальных слоев PbSnTe с составом вблизи инверсии зон
Authors: Тарасов А.С. , Ищенко Д.В. , Акимов А.Н. , Ахундов И.О. , Голяшов В.А. , Климов А.Э. , Пащин Н.С. , Супрун С.П. , Федосенко Е.В. , Шерстякова В.Н. , Терещенко О.Е.
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh-resistance Pb_1 –_ x Sn_ x Te〈In〉 layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on BaF_2(111) substrates with compositions close to band inversion have been investigated. The I–V characteristics and relaxation dependences of the photocurrent of the structures in dependence on the chemical surface treatment and subsequent exposure of the samples in air have been examined. It has been observed that the characteristics significantly transform depending on the physicochemical surface state. It has been found that the chemical surface treatment in the hydrochloric acid solution in isopropyl alcohol leads to an increase in the current by up to four orders of magnitude with the subsequent recovery of the I–V characteristics upon exposure of the samples in air for several days.
Формирование магнитных наноструктур с помощью зонда атомно-силового микроскопа
Authors: Темирязев А.Г. , Темирязева М.П. , Здоровейщев А.В. , Вихрова О.В. , Никулин Ю.В. , Хивинцев Ю.В. , Никитов С.А.
Published: October 2019

The paper presents examples of the use of pulse force nanolithography, performed with a probe of an atomic force microscope, to form magnetic nanowires, nanocontacts, one- and two-dimensional arrays with characteristic dimensions of about 50-100 nm.
Влияние ограниченной апертуры излучателя на характеристики ширины и угла расходимости лазерного пучка
Authors: Райцин А.М.
Published: October 2019

The necessary conditions for the correct measurement of the width and angle of divergence of the laser beam are determined taking into account the finite dimensions of the aperture of the emitter by a method based on the determination of initial spatial moments. It is shown that in this case stringent conditions are imposed on the shape of the spatial intensity distribution in the cross section of the laser beam, which were not taken into account in the corresponding developed standards.
Оценка усталостных повреждений в органическом стекле оптическими методами
Authors: Владимиров А.П. , Каманцев И.С. , Друкаренко Н.А. , Тришин В.Н. , Акашев Л.А. , Дружинин А.В.
Published: October 2019

Abstract On the basis of fragments of time-averaged speckle images registered with no stopping of cyclic loading, the features of nucleation, onset, and propagation of a crack in the bulk of a transparent prismatic sample with a sharp V-shaped notch have been found. It has been shown that the first signs of fatigue damage occur not at the top of the notch, but at a distance of 400 μm from it in the sample center within an area with a diameter of 200 μm. After the beginning of the development (“onset”) of the crack, the size of the zone of irreversible processes exhibits an increase by an order of magnitude. The distribution of the refractive index and the density around the crack has been studied based on changing speckle images and with the use of ellipsometry. It has been shown that the maximum value of relative change in density being at least 2 × 10^–3, is located near the crack. The speckle method can serve a basis for the development of nondestructive testing tools and techniques that make it possible to assess the time preceding crack onset according to the changing rate and the limiting values of the refractive index and material density, as well as according to other parameters affecting the change in the optical paths of waves within small areas about 10 μm in size.
Intellectual Structure and Evolutionary Trends of Precision Medicine Research: Coword Analysis
Authors: Lyu Xiaoguang , Hu Jiming , Dong Weiguo , Xu Xin
Published: October 2019

Background

Precision medicine (PM) is playing a more and more important role in clinical practice. In recent years, the scale of PM research has been growing rapidly. Many reviews have been published to facilitate a better understanding of the status of PM research. However, there is still a lack of research on the intellectual structure in terms of topics.

Objective

This study aimed to identify the intellectual structure and evolutionary trends of PM research through the application of various social network analysis and visualization methods.

Methods

The bibliographies of papers published between 2009 and 2018 were extracted from the Web of Science database. Based on the statistics of keywords in the papers, a coword network was generated and used to calculate network indicators of both the entire network and local networks. Communities were then detected to identify subdirections of PM research. Topological maps of networks, including networks between communities and within each community, were drawn to reveal the correlation structure. An evolutionary graph and a strategic graph were finally produced to reveal research venation and trends in discipline communities.

Results

The results showed that PM research involves extensive themes and, overall, is not balanced. A minority of themes with a high frequency and network indicators, such as Biomarkers, Genomics, Cancer, Therapy, Genetics, Drug, Target Therapy, Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacogenetics, and Molecular, can be considered the core areas of PM research. However, there were five balanced theme directions with distinguished status and tendencies: Cancer, Biomarkers, Genomics, Drug, and Therapy. These were shown to be the main branches that were both focused and well developed. Therapy, though, was shown to be isolated and undeveloped.

Conclusions

The hotspots, structures, evolutions, and development trends of PM research in the past ten years were revealed using social network analysis and visualization. In general, PM research is unbalanced, but its subdirections are balanced. The clear evolutionary and developmental trend indicates that PM research has matured in recent years. The implications of this study involving PM research will provide reasonable and effective support for researchers, funders, policymakers, and clinicians.
Automatic Detection of Hypoglycemic Events From the Electronic Health Record Notes of Diabetes Patients: Empirical Study
Authors: Jin Yonghao , Li Fei , Vimalananda Varsha G , Yu Hong
Published: October 2019

Background

Hypoglycemic events are common and potentially dangerous conditions among patients being treated for diabetes. Automatic detection of such events could improve patient care and is valuable in population studies. Electronic health records (EHRs) are valuable resources for the detection of such events.

Objective

In this study, we aim to develop a deep-learning–based natural language processing (NLP) system to automatically detect hypoglycemic events from EHR notes. Our model is called the High-Performing System for Automatically Detecting Hypoglycemic Events (HYPE).

Methods

Domain experts reviewed 500 EHR notes of diabetes patients to determine whether each sentence contained a hypoglycemic event or not. We used this annotated corpus to train and evaluate HYPE, the high-performance NLP system for hypoglycemia detection. We built and evaluated both a classical machine learning model (ie, support vector machines [SVMs]) and state-of-the-art neural network models.

Results

We found that neural network models outperformed the SVM model. The convolutional neural network (CNN) model yielded the highest performance in a 10-fold cross-validation setting: mean precision=0.96 (SD 0.03), mean recall=0.86 (SD 0.03), and mean F1=0.91 (SD 0.03).

Conclusions

Despite the challenges posed by small and highly imbalanced data, our CNN-based HYPE system still achieved a high performance for hypoglycemia detection. HYPE can be used for EHR-based hypoglycemia surveillance and population studies in diabetes patients.
Combining Contextualized Embeddings and Prior Knowledge for Clinical Named Entity Recognition: Evaluation Study
Authors: Jiang Min , Sanger Todd , Liu Xiong
Published: October 2019

Background

Named entity recognition (NER) is a key step in clinical natural language processing (NLP). Traditionally, rule-based systems leverage prior knowledge to define rules to identify named entities. Recently, deep learning–based NER systems have become more and more popular. Contextualized word embedding, as a new type of representation of the word, has been proposed to dynamically capture word sense using context information and has proven successful in many deep learning–based systems in either general domain or medical domain. However, there are very few studies that investigate the effects of combining multiple contextualized embeddings and prior knowledge on the clinical NER task.

Objective

This study aims to improve the performance of NER in clinical text by combining multiple contextual embeddings and prior knowledge.

Methods

In this study, we investigate the effects of combining multiple contextualized word embeddings with classic word embedding in deep neural networks to predict named entities in clinical text. We also investigate whether using a semantic lexicon could further improve the performance of the clinical NER system.

Results

By combining contextualized embeddings such as ELMo and Flair, our system achieves the F-1 score of 87.30% when only training based on a portion of the 2010 Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside NER task dataset. After incorporating the medical lexicon into the word embedding, the F-1 score was further increased to 87.44%. Another finding was that our system still could achieve an F-1 score of 85.36% when the size of the training data was reduced to 40%.

Conclusions

Combined contextualized embedding could be beneficial for the clinical NER task. Moreover, the semantic lexicon could be used to further improve the performance of the clinical NER system.
A Web-Based Self-Titration Program to Control Blood Pressure in Patients With Primary Hypertension: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kao Chi-Wen , Chen Ting-Yu , Cheng Shu-Meng , Lin Wei-Shiang , Chang Yue-Cune
Published: October 2019

Background

Hypertension is a major cause of mortality in cardiac, vascular, and renal disease. Effective control of elevated blood pressure has been shown to reduce target organ damage. A Web-based self-titration program may empower patients to control their own disease, share decisions about antihypertensive dose titration, and improve self-management, ultimately improving health-related quality of life.

Objective

Our primary aim was to evaluate the effects of a Web-based self-titration program for improving blood pressure control in patients with primary hypertension. Our secondary aim was to evaluate the effects of that program on improving health-related quality of life.

Methods

This was a parallel-group, double-blind, randomized controlled trial with assessments at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. We included patients with primary hypertension (blood pressure>130/80 mm Hg) from a cardiology outpatient department in northern Taiwan and divided them randomly into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the Web-based self-titration program, while the control group received usual care. The random allocation was concealed from participants and outcome evaluators. Health-related quality of life was measured by the EuroQol five-dimension self-report questionnaire. We used generalized estimating equations to evaluate the effects of the intervention.

Results

We included 222 patients and divided them equally into intervention (n=111) and control (n=111) groups. Patients receiving the Web-based self-titration program showed significantly greater improvement in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure control than those who did not receive this program, at 3 months (–21.4 mm Hg and –5.4 mm Hg, respectively; P<.001) and 6 months (–27.8 mm Hg and –9.7 mm Hg, respectively; P<.001). Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significant decrease in the overall defined daily dose at both 3 (–0.202, P=.003) and 6 (–0.236, P=.001) months. Finally, health-related quality of life improved significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group at both 3 and 6 months (both, P<.001).

Conclusions

A Web-based self-titration program can provide immediate feedback to patients about how to control their blood pressure and manage their disease at home. This program not only decreases mean blood pressure but also increases health-related quality of life in patients with primary hypertension.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03470974; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03470974
The Effect of Good Corporate Governance and Profit Management on Tax Aggressive (Empirical Study on Manufacturing Companies Listed on the IDX Periode 2014-2017)
Authors: Sarpingah Siti , Purba Hasian
Published: October 2019

The objectives of this study are as follows: 1) Finding empirical evidence regarding the effect of institutional ownership on tax aggressiveness; 2) Find empirical evidence regarding the influence of the Board of Commissioners on Tax Aggressiveness; 3) Find empirical evidence regarding the influence of the independent board of commissioners on Tax Aggressiveness; and 4) Find empirical evidence regarding the effect of Profit Management on Tax Aggressiveness.The type of research used in this study is causal associative research. The population in this study are all Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2017. The selection of samples using the purposive sampling method. The analytical method used to test the hypothesis is a multiple regression test.The results of the study show that: 1) Institutional Ownership has a significant negative effect on Tax Aggressiveness; 2) The board of commissioners does not have significantly effect on Tax Aggressiveness; 3) Independent commissioners have a significant negative effect on Tax Aggressiveness; 4) Earnings management does not significantly effect on Tax Aggressiveness.
TERMINALIA ARJUNA TRANSDERMAL MATRIX FORMULATION CONTAINING DIFFERENT POLYMER COMPONENTS
Authors: DINANATH GAIKWAD  , NAMDEO JADHAV
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this research work was to prepare a transdermal matrix formulation containing different polymer components for topical delivery.

Methods: Terminalia arjuna bark extract loaded transdermal patches were prepared using solvent casting technique with different amount of chitosan and Eudragit RL 100 batches were prepared according to 32 factorial designs.

Results: The transdermal patches prepared were evaluated for different physicochemical properties, determination of drug content, in vitro diffusion study, ex vivo study, skin irritation study, and stability study. Infrared studies indicate the absence of chemical interaction or any changes in the chemical composition of extract during the preparation of transdermal patch. In vitro diffusion study and ex vivo diffusion study of optimized batch S3 showed drug releases to 74.56–69.12%, respectively, up to 12 h. Skin irritation study indicates that the extract and excipients used in the patch do not show any irritating effect on the skin. All the prepared transdermal matrix formulations were found to be stable on storage.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that prepared matrix formulation containing different polymer components can be used for transdermal delivery for the treatment of chronic ailments such as cardiovascular disorder.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SUCCESSIVE SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF ALBIZIA LEBBECK AND SOLANUM SEAFORTHIANUM AGAINST SOME HUMAN PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS
Authors: HOSUR NARAYANAPPA VENKATESH  , DEVIHALLI CHIKKAIAH MOHANA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The continuous emergence of multidrug resistance bacteria and yeast, and the negative impact of synthetic preservatives have led to an increased interest in the use of plant extracts as alternative antimicrobial agents. In the present investigation, the antimicrobial activity of successive solvent extracts of Albizia lebbeck and Solanum seaforthianum has been evaluated against human pathogenic bacteria and yeast.

Methods: The disc diffusion method was employed for determination of the zone of inhibitions (ZOIs) and twofold broth dilution technique was employed for determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations, and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations.

Results: Among the successive solvent extracts tested, methanol extracts of both A. lebbeck and S. seaforthianum showed highest antibacterial activity with ZOIs ranged between 10.0 and 20.4 mm at 1 mg/disc followed by ethanol (ZOIs 8.1–17.6 mm). The petroleum ether, toluene, and chloroform extracts showed the least activity. The highest activity was observed against Streptococcus faecalis, whereas the least activity was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Conclusion: The broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of A. lebbeck and S. seaforthianum could be explored as antimicrobial agents for the management of pathogenic bacteria and yeast.
EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTROPICS ON NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: RAJESH VENKATARAMAN  , MUHAMMED RASHID  , AKHILA G  , SHIJO DANIEL  , AMALATHOMAS
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether psychotropic has any effect on neutrophils and lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in psychiatric patients.

Methods: In this hospital-based prospective quasi-randomized follow-up study, we analyzed every 10 patients with newly diagnosed with depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder for complete blood count before and after treatment with the selected psychotropic.

Results: There was a significant increase in NLR of patients with depression after treatment with psychotropic (p=0.001), also in schizophrenia, there was a slight increase in NLR of patients after treatment with psychotropic (p=0.005), but in bipolar disorder, there was a significant decrease in NLR of patients after treatment with psychotropic (p=0.002).

Conclusion: The present study confirmed that psychotropics have a statistically significant effect on the increase in NLR in patients with depression, a slight increase in patients with schizophrenia, and a decrease in patients with bipolar disorder. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the mechanism of psychotropic drug effect on NLR.
Biological synthesis of AgNPs BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING THE TUBEROUS ROOT EXTRACT OF IPOMOEA BATATAS AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATIONS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: NAVEEN CHANDRA JOSHI  , JUHI CHHABRA
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Tuberous root extract based synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), characterizations using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-visible, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques, and antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus mutans, Proteus vulgaris, and Escherichia coli.

Methods: Root extract of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato) was prepared by boiling of small cut pieces of root with double distilled water. Added root extract with silver nitrate solution and centrifuged and collect the pellets. After several washing and drying, AgNPs have been preserved for characterizations and antibacterial activity.

Results: The synthesized AgNPs were well characterized by FT-IR, UV-visible, XRD, FESEM, and EDX methods, and significant zones of inhibition observed around the loaded AgNPs on the agar plates. The zones of inhibition have been achieved 36, 40, 46, and 32 mm for E. coli, P. vulgaris, S. mutans, and S. aureus.

Conclusion: The characterisation methods such as UV-Visible, FTIR, Powder XRD, FESEM and EDX indicate an efficient formation of AgNPs using root extract of I. batatas. The biologically synthesized AgNPs are found good antibacterial agents.
Recuerdos de provincia: las bienales del Humor y la Historieta de Córdoba (1972-1979)
Authors: Gandolfo Amadeo
Published: October 2019

Entre 1972 y 1986 se realizaron seis Bienales del Humor y la Historieta en Córdoba, con sede en el Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes Genaro Pérez. Proponemos revisitar esos hechos culturales en el periodo 1972-1979, signados por aspectos sociales y políticos complejos, al tener en cuenta que fueron clave para fundar un canon y una historización de la historieta y el humor gráfico argentinos. Los debates y tensiones entre la identidad regional, la nacional y la internacional; el arte, el oficio y el mercado; la gráfica y la iconología popular como elementos constitutivos de la argentinidad y la necesidad de inscribirse en una genealogía dominada por las potencias del norte: todos estos fac-tores paradójicos estuvieron presentes y dejaron una importante marca en una construcción histórica que aún hoy seguimos discutiendo. Todo esto nos permite revisar el pasado argentino reciente desde una perspectiva particular y poco frecuentada.
De vuelta con la historia en tiempo presente. Imágenes artísticas y poder en la representación de los conflictos bélicos contemporáneos
Authors: Martín Hernández Rut
Published: October 2019

En las últimas décadas, las prácticas artísticas contemporáneas se han aproximado a la representación de los conflictos bélicos desde una perspectiva que supone un punto de inflexión y permite realizar una investigación cuyo objetivo se centra en analizar el poder de la imagen en la conformación de imaginarios colectivos, así como su capacidad de agencia para procesos de emancipación que surgen a partir de y desde dichas imágenes artísticas. Por otra parte, este objetivo sirve como punto de partida para abordar las tensiones y la visibilización de las estructuras de poder en las gue-rras geoeconómicas. Esta aportación presenta los principales ejes conceptuales que parten del análisis de una serie de obras artísticas contemporáneas relacionadas con el objeto de estudio y que ponen de manifiesto las preocupaciones, los logros y los conflictos de las prácticas artísticas contemporá-neas que abordan estos temas.
Huertos familiares y seguridad alimentaria: el caso del municipio de Calpan, Puebla, México
Authors: López González J. Luis , Ãlvarez Gaxiola J. Felipe , Rappo Miguez Susana Edith , Damián Huato Miguel Ãngel , Méndez Espinosa J. Arturo , Paredes Sánchez Juan Alberto
Published: October 2019

El objetivo es analizar la importancia de los huertos familiares de familias que no tienen acceso económico a la canasta básica, versus aquellas cuyos ingresos les permiten sufragarla, identificando las aportaciones de los diferentes tipos de huertos familiares a la seguridad alimentaria. La metodología se basó en el cálculo de una muestra representativa de 110 familias en Calpan, Puebla, a las cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario de 46 preguntas. También se realizaron 12 entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Los huertos se clasificaron en dos grupos: de familias con ingresos mayores al costo de la canasta básica (F2) y de aquellas con ingresos menores (F1) a dicho costo. Los resultados muestran que el huerto familiar contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria en promedio, con 126 kg de alimentos (74 kg de la diversidad animal y 52 kg de la vegetal) por persona al año para las F1, y con 91 kg de alimentos (58 kg de origen animal y 33 kg de la diversidad vegetal) por persona al año para las F2. De manera general se encontró que existe disponibilidad y estabilidad de alimentos en los huertos familiares.
SEGURANÇA HÍDRICA PARA O CAPITAL E DESPOJO MÚLTIPLE EM CONTEXTOS DE ESCASSEZ: ANÁLISE CRÍTICA SOBRE O NOVO CAMINHO DAS ÁGUAS NO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA, BRASIL
Authors: Belarmino de Morais Hugo
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo analisa-se novos processos de (re)territorialização ligados à construção de obras hídricas no Nordeste do Brasil, chamado “Canal Acauã-Araçagi”, situado no Estado da Paraíba (Região Nordeste). Para tal reflexão, busca-se apresentar o território estudado e seu novo contexto, caracterizado por um novo momento de intervenções estatais justificadas pela necessidade de resolver problemas históricos de escassez naquela região e as modificações que a própria pesquisa sofreu neste processo dinâmico de investigar a realidade social. Em segundo lugar apresentamos alguns pressupostos da investigação ancorados na teoria crítica e na ecologia política e o conceito de despojo multiple, para depois discutir criticamente alguns dados coletados nas atividades de campo realizadas no mês de Julho de 2018 na Paraíba, que chamamos de “novo caminho das águas”. Ao final, recorremos ao termo “segurança hídrica para o capital” para caracterizar os objetivos da obra, que contradiz o discurso oficial sobre sua necessidade/importância para o abastecimento humano em uma região com problemas de acesso e uso da água, apontando para um cenário de ampliação de conflitos territoriais naquela região.
'Portunhol': língua, história e política
Authors: Sturza Eliana
Published: October 2019

Portunhol se define como uma língua resultante do contato linguístico entre o Português e o Espanhol e é identificada como uma língua de contato, mas também como uma língua étnica de falantes de comunidades fronteiriças da região norte do Uruguai com o extremo sul do Brasil. Este artigo busca esclarecer que aspectos sociais, políticos e identitários contribuem para diferenciar o Portunhol língua étnica do Portunhol como interlíngua, do Portunhol língua de interação social e do Portunhol Selvagem de textos literários, este usado como recurso estético. Portanto, considera-se também os aspectos históricos e políticos que levaram o Portunhol a ser inclusive reivindicado como patrimônio cultural.
Epistemologias do “colonial” e da descolonização linguística: uma reflexão a partir de África
Authors: Mata Inocência L. S.
Published: October 2019

Um dos lugares mais efectivos de dominação colonial foi, no caso do colonialismo português, a língua portuguesa, através da qual o negro africano poderia ser considerado cidadão segundo um articulado legal (que se foi aperfeiçoando até chegar ao “Estatuto dos Indígenas Portugueses das Províncias da Guiné, Angola e Moçambique”, 1954). A língua portuguesa foi, assim, o único veículo linguístico de cidadania, sendo restrito o uso das línguas nativas – consideradas, de modo desprestigiante, dialectos – no domínio público formal e oficial, situação que se vem prolongando nas políticas linguísticas dos Estados pós-coloniais. Este texto propõe-se a reflectir sobre essa herança colonial, desvelando os meandros da epistemologia da descolonização assim como as condições do que conta como conhecimento sobre as relações de poder entre as línguas em presença em África (Europeias e nativas), em particular nos Cinco países africanos de língua oficial portuguesa.
Da cidade lúdica aos Domingos da Criação: a constelação Frederico Morais
Authors: Leal André
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo analisa a trajetória do crítico Frederico Morais à luz de seu envolvimento com questões artísticas, sociais e políticas do período que culmina com a realização dos Domingos da Criação no MAM-RJ em 1971. Pretendemos demonstrar sua afinidade com questões que lhe eram contemporâneas na abordagem da participação do público na constituição da obra de arte e em sua transformação por parte de artistas e curadores em uma experiência aberta. Do mesmo modo, sua atuação abre o museu para o Aterro, concretizando o projeto de Affonso Eduardo Reidy. Entre as proposições de Hélio Oiticica, a ideia de Crelazer é um ponto fundamental para compreendermos a trajetória de Morais.