bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven Self-Optimizing Control: Unconstrained Optimization Problem
Authors: Grema Alhaji S , Cao Yi , Grema Modu B
Published: October 2021

Controlled variable (CV) selection plays an important role in determining the performance of a process plant. Existing methods for CV selection through self-optimizing control requires linearization of rigorous models around nominal operating points. This is a very difficult task which results to large losses. This work presents a novel method for CV design. A necessary condition of optimality (NCO) was proposed to be the CV. The approach does not require the analytical expression of the NCO to be derived but is approximated through a single regression step based on data. Finite difference was used to approximate the NCO (gradient) using data; three finite difference schemes were employed for this purpose, which are forward, backward and central differences. Seven different cases with respect to number of sampling points, neighborhood points and finite difference schemes were investigated. To demonstrate the efficacy of the method in simplest way, it is applied to a hypothetical unconstrained optimization problem. The proposed method was found to have outperformed some existing approaches in many instances. A zero loss was recorded by some designed CVs. Central difference was found to be the best schemes among the three. Keywords— controlled variable, disturbance, finite difference, monotonicity, regression.
Finite Difference Numerical Method: Applications in Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse and Heat Diffusion
Authors: Darley Olufunke G , Adenowo Adetokunbo A , Yussuff Abayomi I
Published: October 2021

The finite difference time domain (FDTD) is a technique of the finite difference numerical method and is a simple but powerful and versatile tool that has been widely applied in many scientific and engineering problems. A typical application of the technique is in dealing with electromagnetic (EM) wave interactions with physical structures. This technique has been used to solve governing equations of various systems through obtaining numerical approximations to the time-dependent differential equations for computer simulations. This paper demonstrates the accuracy and versatility of the application of FDTD method by applying it to examine the effect of lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) on a transmission line using a cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated power cable, as well as to analyze heat diffusion in a microchip heat sink made from Aluminium Alloy 6061. The effect of LEMP on a transmission line showed that the higher the values of the line parameters, the larger the voltages that will be induced on the line and that bigger values of finite difference (FD) parameters give a more accurate model subject to a stability criterion. Accurate modelling of induced voltages ensures that appropriate mitigating techniques can be deployed to reduce or eliminate the damaging effect of these on electrical and/or electronic devices/systems. Similarly, proper modeling of a heat sink provides the ability to closely estimate heat diffusion at product design stage such that a design is confirmed as workable before manufacture; thereby saving cost. Keywords—Finite Difference Method, Finite Difference Time Domain, Engineering Applications, Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse, Heat Diffusion.
Effect of Selected Curing Methods on Density and Compressive Strength of Concrete for Technological Self-Reliance
Authors: Amusan Grace M , Popoola Monsuru O , Shittu Jelili O
Published: October 2021

The quest to deliver construction projects within the shortest possible time handled many engineers to maneuver curing ages of concrete and this has been a major concern in construction industries due to associated failures of concrete members emanating from improper curing. This study therefore aimed at investigating the effect of different curing methods on density and compressive strength of concrete with a view to enhancing technological self-reliance of the nation. Concrete cube specimens (150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm) were cast using mix ratio 1:2:4 with 0.5 water-cement ratio. The concrete specimens were cured for 28 days using open air, ponding, sprinkling and dry covering curing methods. The compressive strength and density were evaluated. The data were validated. The results showed that the compressive strength increases with increasing curing age. The respective compressive strength values obtained for ponding, sprinkling, dry covering and open air curing methods were 22.04, 20.48, 17.28 and 16.02 respectively. The curing methods have compressive strengths in the order Ponding < sprinkling < dry covering < open air. The results of the curing methods on density were also noticed to be directly proportional to strength. Appropriate curing methods of concrete had greater impact in influencing physical and mechanical properties of concrete.Keywords: Concrete, Curing methods, Strength, Sustainable growth
Determination of Braking Speed of Developed Hybrid Particle Reinforced Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Bucham Justine O , Aliyu Baba A , Muhammad Abubakar
Published: October 2021

Abstract- This paper is aimed at comparing the braking speed of the developed Composite Brake Disc (CBD) with that of a nodular cast iron Honda Accord (2000) Model Brake Disc (HABD). The test samples were produced from Aluminium alloy (Al6061), Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) by Stir casting and machined into standard specimens for microstructure analysis, density test, mechanical tests (hardness, tensile and impact), wear test and thermal test. The characterization of coconut shell ash particle was carried out using X-ray Flourescent equipment. Six samples were produced, four composite samples; C1 (70% Al, 5% SiC, 20% CSA), C2 (70% Al, 10% SiC, 15% CSA), C3 (70% Al, 15% SiC, 10% CSA) and C4 (70% Al, 20% SiC, 5% CSA), aluminium alloy sample (A1) and as-cast nodular cast iron sample (N1) obtained from HABD. Sample ‘C4’ had the best physical, mechanical, wear and thermal properties (Densty: 3.15 g/cm3, Hardness: 68 kg/mm2, Tensile Strength:  196.12 N/mm2, Impact Energy: 8.05 J, Wear rate: 0.0002328 g/m, Thermal Conductivity: 72.57 W/m-K) and was used to produce the CBD. From the values of coefficient of frictions obtained for CBD and HABD, the braking speeds were calculated and HABD was seen to have a lower braking speed (56.65 m/s) than the CBD (94.42 m/s) because of its higher coefficient of friction. The higher braking speed of the composite brake disc (CBD) as compared to the Honda Accord Brake Disc (HABD) could be as a result of inadequate reinforcements in the aluminium alloy matrix. Hence,  the produced CBD cannot be used as an alternative for the nodular cast iron Honda accord brake disc (HABD) even as problems of heavy weight and breakage that may occur due to heavy impact associated with cast iron brake disc have been addressed using the developed composite.Keywords,- Aluminium Alloy, Braking Speed, Coconut Shell, Composite, Silicon Carbide
Effect of Visual Literacy on the Academic Achievements of Students in Computer Studies in Selected Secondary Schools in Enugu State
Authors: Edeh Michael O , Akindutire Opeyemi R , Ugboaja Samuel G , Ohwo Stephen O , Umoke Chukwudum C , Osijirin Adesegun
Published: October 2021

The study examines the effect of visual literacy on the academic achievement of students in Computer studies in selected secondary schools in Enugu State. A quasi-experimental design was used for the study and the sample consisted of one hundred (100) Senior Secondary School Two (SS2) students selected from both public and private secondary schools in Enugu State through stratified random sampling technique. The sample was divided into two major groups: experimental (n-50) and control group (n-50). The Experimental Group (EG) was taught using visual literacy materials, while the Control Group (CG) was taught without visual literacy. A pre-test and post-test of Computer Achievement Test (CAT) was administered to both groups before and after the treatment respectively. Data were later analyzed using frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. While the hypotheses were tested using T-Test. The results showed that there was statistically significance difference between the academic achievements of students taught using visual literacy and those taught without visual literacy. The mean score (55.1400) of the EG was higher than that of the CG (49.3600), showing that students in the EG outperformed those in the CG after the treatment. The findings further showed that there was a statistically significance difference between the academic achievements of male and female students who received the same visual literacy treatment. The mean score (56.0400) of female students in the EG was higher than that of their male counterparts (53.8800), showing that the female students performed better than the males. A statistically significant difference was also found in the mean scores of students from public and private schools who received the same visual literacy treatment. The students from the private school performed better than those from the public school. We conclude that visuals if properly integrated into the teaching and learning process could be a catalyst to stimulate students’ critical thinking, comprehension and interpretation of concepts in Computer science. Keywords: Visual literacy, Animation, Multimedia, Academic Achievement, Computer studies, Secondary school
Investigating the Performance of a Laboratory Dynamometer for a Three-wheeler Engine Test Rig
Authors: Ajayi Oluwaseun K , Oluwole Oluleke , Fadairo Adebayo A , Idusuyi Nosa , Adeyi Abiola J , Omoniyi Ezekiel B
Published: October 2021

The dynamometer is to mimics driving condition in an indoor controlled condition measuring engine output parameters like speed, torque, power, combustion conditions and exhaust compositions. However, the complexity and dynamics involved in the making of this instrument makes it unaffordable for student research except it is funded. This work reports an innovative method adopted to measure a three-wheeler engine output parameters. An automobile vehicle dynamo was adopted which requires low speed and outputs high torque. Driving conditions were incorporated as brakes for the dynamo which mimics the driving terrains experienced by the engine. A data acquisition unit capable of converting the electrical signals into readable values on a screen and a user interface on a PC completed the dynamometer development. The dynamometer was then calibrated against known output values of speed and torque. A three-wheeler engine was mounted on a test rig and the dynamometer was used to measure output speed, torque and energy dissipated. A Bajaj engine was mounted and the engine output tested for two types of transmission of manual and continuously variable transmission. The measured output from the engine showed that the developed dynamometer performed effectively and therefore be adopted for use for student research in this area. Keywords— dynamometer, load, speed, terrain, torque.
COMBINED CALCULATION OF RADIATION FROM LARGE-SIZED GROUND RW STORAGE FACILITIES ON THE BASIS OF MONTE CARLO METHOD
Authors: Rudychev V.G. , Azarenkov N.A. , Girka I.O. , Rudychev D.V. , Rudychev Y.V.
Published: October 2021

A technique to reduce the dose rates, produced by large-sized ground-based radiation sources with dozens of radiating elements of the same geometry arranged along the perimeter, is developed. The radiating elements represent the concrete rectangular casks into which cylindrical barrels filled with compacted RW are loaded. The spatial distribution of the radiation around the cask is calculated by the Monte Carlo method. The radiation is assumed to be produced by the definite radionuclides of RW. Shielding by neighboring containers and the presence of an additional biological shielding are taken into account. Different options of the container arrangement are considered.
PLASMA COATING FORMATION BY THE DEPOSITION OF CATHODE MATERIAL ERODED THROUGH HIGH-CURRENT PULSED DISCHARGE
Authors: Chabak Yu.G. , Fedun V.I. , Efremenko V.G. , Pastukhova T.V. , Efremenko B.V.
Published: October 2021

The paper analyzes the conditions for the formation of a coating obtained using an electrothermal axial plasma accelerator due to plasma transfer of cathode erosion products. It is shown that by using a cathode of low-melting materials with a high-current pulsed discharge, microdrops are formed and injected from the accelerator falling into the surface to be treated. When colliding with the surface, the drops acquire near-disk shape with a radius of up to 100 μm, cooling on the substrate at a speed of up to 108 K/s. This leads to the formation in the drops of a supersatu-rated solid solution with nonequilibrium structure. The subsequent heat treatment of the coating can result in harden-ing phases precipitation from solid solution causing the increase in coating microhardness.
RAPID AMYLOID FORMATION AND THROMBI FORMATION IN COVID-19 (A BRIEF LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Kozlov Vadim A. , Sapozhnikov Sergey P.
Published: October 2021

The course of COVID-19 in patients is often complicated by hypercoagulation and thrombosis of the great vessels. Vaccination against COVID-19 with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) in a number of patients turned out to cause thrombocytopenia and thrombi formation in atypical (cerebral venous sinus, portal, abdominal, and hepatic veins) and typical (deep femoral and sural veins, pulmonary artery thromboembolia, acute arterial thrombosis) places. And the use of mRNA vaccines (Moderna and Pfizer) was sometimes accompanied by thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage, but without thrombi formation. This circumstance gave rise to the search for mechanisms of thrombi formation when using previously never-used vaccines developed against COVID-19. The purpose of the paper is to inform the medical community about the mechanisms of thrombi formation in COVID-19; to discuss possible pathogenetic ways of rapid amyloid formation and amyloidogenic stimulation of the coagulation hemostasis system. The only study completed to date provides information on the launch of rapid amyloid formation with the formation of dense large fibrin clots in the whole blood of both healthy people and those who were in the acute period of COVID‑19 disease by the spike protein of the COVID-19 virus capsid. The authors, having discovered the fact of the direct influence of spike protein on the formation of blood clots, nevertheless did not investigate possible pathogenetic ways of triggering thrombi formation by the spike protein. Since the authors directly pointed out the role of rapid amyloid formation in triggering coagulation, the mechanism of which is unknown to practitioners, it makes sense to discuss the issues of rapid amyloid formation in the vascular bed and the role of amyloid as a factor in triggering coagulation hemostasis. The publication under discussion is confirmed by previous studies of other authors on the influence of b‑amyloid and AA‑amyloid on the formation of blood clots in Alzheimer's disease and systemic amyloidosis. Based on the literature sources studied, we suggested that some of the patients who recovered from COVID-19 in its severe form may subsequently develop systemic amyloidosis.
ASSESSMENT OF REGIONAL BUDGET REVENUE GENERATION AND WAYS OF ITS GROWTH
Authors: Lyubovtseva Elena G. , Gordeeva Irina A.
Published: October 2021

The reasons for the constant attention to the problems of developing budgets at various levels are well known and understandable, since the budget is the basis of state, regional and local finance, it is the form of formation and spending of the cash fund intended for the financial provision of tasks and functions of state importance and local self-government. The relevance of the topic of the formation of regional budget revenues consists in the fact that such a budget is the main instrument aimed at regulating and stimulating the regional economy. Regional budget revenues are channeled to ensure economic, social and political development, it is therefore important to increase regional budget revenues. The purpose of the study is to identify the sources of the regional budget revenues. Methods of statistical analysis were used to reveal the research topic. The article analyzes the own incomes of the consolidated budget of the Chuvash Republic. Improving the efficiency of tax administration has a positive effect on the growth of the regional budget's own revenues. The article analyzes the dynamics and structure of regional budget revenues, provides actual data on budget revenues of the Chuvash Republic for several years. At the regional level, the generation of income has a number of problems associated with limited legal nature, as well as with the lack of own income to cover budget expenditures.
THE MECHANISM OF PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE COMPETENCE MODEL OF A UNIVERSITY GRADUATE BASED ON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Pleshkov Konstantin V. , Leonteva Irina A. , Babeshkova Ekaterina V.
Published: October 2021

Today, the issues of mastering the current training program at the university are of concern to school graduates, applicants and students of the universities. Often, the question of choosing a promising profession arises even at school – after all, which exams the student will have to prepare for depends on it. At the same time, often, the choice of a future profession is made more and more intuitively, on the recommendation of close relative; employers and universities are very little involved in this process today. In addition, the employer does not have any significant tools to influence the formation of the competencies of a future university graduate, only indirectly influencing the training process. The article analyzes the shortcomings of the existing interaction between students, employers and the university. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the formation of a mechanism for the practical application of the competence model of training students based on the use of the capabilities of modern digital technologies, which is supposed to be implemented by developing and creating a digital platform for the employment of graduates, providing training of specialists on request of specific organizations. This will make it possible to satisfy the organization's demand for highly qualified personnel with targeted practice-oriented training, influence the formation of the required competencies "on request", as well as more effectively provide employment opportunities for graduates. Despite the significant experience of interaction between employers and job seekers on various electronic resources, modern platforms do not presuppose the influence of the employers on the competence of the student, and force them to deal with the finished product of training - a graduate, spending time and other resources on his targeted training at the workplace. The proposed digital platform is designed to solve this problem.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE PROBLEMS OF THE COMPANY'S FINANCIAL RESULTS ANALYSIS
Authors: Romanova Olga A.
Published: October 2021

According to the civil legislation of the Russian Federation, the main goal of any commercial organization is to obtain stable profit and prevent negative financial results throughout the entire activity period. This is possible through operational (at best, daily) control over the ratio of income and expenses by management personnel, conducting an in-depth retrospective and prospective analysis of revenue, the total cost of the produced and sold product, and other income and expenses. Analytical studies are needed in terms of the influence of individual factors on the amount of income and expenses, and, as a result, prompt measures to prevent unprofitable production and sales are required. Unfortunately, information alone from the published form of the financial results report is insufficient, it is necessary to have additional data describing it, as well as the corresponding accounting registers and primary documents confirming the amount of income and expenses of the company under study. Based on the economic analysis of the indicators of the report on the financial results of a commercial enterprise that has the legal form of a joint-stock company, the article identified shortcomings in the structure and content of the explanations to the annual financial statements, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of 02.07.2010, No. 66n. Recommendations are given on the introduction of new section 6 «Income» and new edition of section 7 «Expenses» in the tabular form of the Explanations, these will significantly increase the analytical level of information, allow to promptly monitor and forecast the amount of income, expenses and financial results and make effective management decisions to improve the financial position of Russian companies.
TO SUPPORT SOCIALLY ORIENTED NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS: EXPERIENCE OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC
Authors: Semenova Inna Yu. , Aleksandrova Nadezhda V.
Published: October 2021

The article considers normative requirements, organization procedure, legal forms of support by state authorities of the Chuvash Republic of socially oriented non-profit organizations that provide socially useful services to both the population as a whole and individual citizens. Emphasis is placed on the main forms of State support in the national region; in particular, we considered property, financial, information, support in the field of training, additional professional education of workers and volunteers (volunteers) of socially oriented non-profit organizations. The purpose of the study is to analyze regional measures of state support for socially oriented non-profit organizations in the social sphere within the framework of the current legislation. According to the results of the study, the authors believe that the current legislation should establish the volume and quality of socially significant services for various categories of the population provided by non-profit organizations, approve the criteria for maintaining a register of organizations that will receive state support, and develop a program of preferential loans for non-profit organizations.
Ayurvedic Approach for Shwitra- A Case Study
Authors: Shalini  , Chakraborty Subhrajyoti
Published: October 2021

Skin is one of the most important and visible organ of our body. Skin anomalies create physical as well as psychological problems in an individual. Among different variety of Kustha, Shwitra is considered as one of them in the Ayurvedic classics which occur due to vitiation of Tridoshas and Dhatus like Rakta, Mamsa and Meda. Shwitra can be correlated with vitiligo or leucoderma, where it manifest as white patch on the skin due to partial or complete loss of skin pigmentation and causes cosmetic imbalance of the body. Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease and it may be associated with other autoimmune diseases such as pernicious anaemia, addison disease and diabetes mellitus results in destruction of melanocytes thus causing depigmentation. A female patient, aged 36 years suffering from white patches in left forehead region for last 2 years and she was treated with both Sodhan and Shaman Chikitsa for a period of 3 months. Result was assessed from the changes in the size of patch and photographs. Proper written consent was taken from the patient prior to the study. Follow up was done at 1 month interval and after 3 months there was marked improvement seen in patch and colour. The present study indicates different prospective of treatment for Shwitra kustha and it provides cost effective as well as safe treatment of the disease. This study shows a new dimension in the treatment for Shwitra and could be carried out for statistical significant study.
Role of Ayurveda in Stress and Related Disorders
Authors: Sangeeta Gupta  , Sarita Yadav  , Arun Gupta
Published: October 2021

Today is the world of competition and everybody is running day and night to achieve the best in their terms. The mankind is set into a new dimension of time where ceaseless activity throughout is making everybody restless. Overall result is the never ending physical and mental stress coming out in the form of variety of health disorders which can be called as stress related disorders like hypertension, coronary artery disease, arthritis, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis and behavioral disorders like anxiety and depression. Ayurveda mentions the stress as Sahas and its impacts on the body as aggravation of Vata Dosha and Ojokshaya leading to lowered immunity and resulting number of diseases due to that, it also relates the stress to the degeneration in the body tissues causing early aging and reduced life span. Although Acharya Caraka states that in order to stay healthy and to save the life one should always avoid over-exerting himself, however, in today’s world, stress is an inevitable part of life and so the stress induced diseases. Therefore, instead of looking for the stress avoidance strategy it is important to work on preventing the effects of stress on the body and increasing the coping capacity of the body by life style modifications, dietary interventions and other means. Ayurveda relate the Sahas to Vata aggravation in the body and provides the solution to the problem in the form of Vata balancing diet and activity regimen, Vasti therapy, rejuvenation or Rasayana therapy and application of Yoga and Pranayama.
Curatorial Projects in Fine Arts of Uzbekistan
Authors:   Researcher,National Institute of Fine Arts and Design named after Kamoliddin Behzod, Akhmedov Tolqin
Published: October 2021

The article deals with curatorial projects, international biennials and the participation of local artists, their achievements and the impact of the renewal process on art in general, which entered the modern fine arts of Uzbekistan in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. In this process, our artists have adapted to the growing interest in world art trends, to the new postmodern trends of Western aesthetics, to the growing process and the general environment for all.
A “provisoriedade ordinária”no cotidiano de imigrantes em São Paulo
Authors: Fernandes Caio , Pachi Priscilla
Published: October 2021

A partir dos anos 2010 as migrações internacionais têm se intensificado e o Brasil se torna um dos destinos para muitos imigrantes no sentido “sul-sul”. Desde então, rotas migratórias inéditas e variadas nacionalidades passam a compor o cenário migratório brasileiro. Conjuntamente a esse processo, surgem dilemas e questões ligadas ao controle da circulação das pessoas até a gestão da vida dos imigrantes no cotidiano das cidades. O objetivo deste artigo é o de aprofundar as questões relativas à vulnerabilidade da população migrante na grande São Paulo que transcendem o nível jurídico restrito às leis migratórias. Metodologicamente, foram utilizados dados qualitativos provindos de observação participante realizada entre 2017 e 2019, bem como entrevistas semiestruturadas e dados quantitativos coletados de análise documental da Polícia Federal, CONARE, IBGE, OBMIGRA e Atlas da Macrometrópole Paulista. Ao final, conclui-se que a vida cotidiana do imigrante é marcada por uma “provisoriedade ordinária” transversal à muitas dinâmicas da cidade.
Sentir en movimiento: emociones de mujeres salvadoreñas sobre la vida cotidiana y el tránsito migratorio por Tapachula, estado de Chiapas, México
Authors: Modesto Macarena Williamson
Published: October 2021

A la luz de la teoría crítica feminista, este artículo explora el miedo, la rabia y el deseo envueltos en el tránsito migratorio de dos mujeres salvadoreñas en la ciudad de Tapachula, frontera sur de México con Guatemala. A través de un método etnográfico se busca ahondar en la producción de subjetividades en contextos de movilidad humana, poniendo el foco en los contextos de interacción social relacionadas con la transitoriedad de estas mujeres centroamericanas por esta ciudad fronteriza. Ambas migrantes residieron en esta ciudad durante más de cuatro meses hasta que lograron regularizar su situación migratoria en México para seguir camino a Estados Unidos. Se propone que el miedo, la rabia y el deseo al mismo tiempo que atravesadas por lógicas de desigualdad, emergen como fuerzas transformadoras para afrontar las violencias y vulnerabilidades del tránsito migratorio por la frontera sur.
Avaliação da contaminação por bactérias em cédulas e moedas circulantes em cantina do Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda - UniFOA
Authors: Pereira Carlos Alberto Sanches , Pêgas Sabrina Silva , Rabello Beatriz , Kiryu Eduardo Massahide Kawakami , Mello Fernanda Assis
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Objetos de uso comum e com intensa circulação, assim como as cédulas e moedas, podem albergar uma grande variedade de agentes patogênicos e também transmiti-los de forma fácil e eficiente. Dessa maneira o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de bactérias, existentes em cédulas e moedas circulantes em uma das cantinas do Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda. Para tanto, as cédulas e moedas foram acondicionadas em um saco plástico e encaminhadas para análise no laboratório. Com auxilio de um swab foram extraídos das mesmas o material a ser analisado, seguindo de diluições decimais, as quais foram plaqueadas em placas de Petri com ágar Mueller Hinton  e mantidas a 37ºC por 24 horas. Nas moedas as maiores médias encontradas foram n os exemplares de R$ 1,00 com média de 133,3 UFC/moeda e nas moedas de R$ 0,05 com a média de 166,6 UFC/moeda, as menores médias foram encontradas nas moedas de R$ 0,10 com 50 UFC/moeda; R$ 0,25 com 10 UFC/moeda e nos exemplares de R$ 0,50 com quantitativo de 6,6 UFC/moeda, sendo esta a menor media encontrada. Nas cédulas, as maiores médias foram encontradas nos exemplares de R$ 50,00 com 4.873 UFC/cédula e R$ 10,00 com 426,6 UFC/cédula, as menores médias foram encontradas nos exemplares de R$20,00 com 213,3 UFC/cédula; R$ 5,00 com 183,3 UFC/cédula e nas de R$ 2,00 146,6 UFC/cédula.  Com base nos resultados, pode-se concluir que cédulas e moedas apresentaram-se contaminadas e que este tipo de contaminação representa risco a saúde pública principalmente se seus manipuladores portarem algum grau de imunodeficiência.   Palavras-chave: Cédulas, Moedas, Contaminação bacteriana.
Aqui é o país (não só) do futebol: uma análise dos comerciais de TV brasileiros para a Copa do Mundo em 2014
Authors: Souza Rogério Martins , Fagundes Gabriela Ramos
Published: October 2021

Depois de 64 anos o Brasil, o Brasil sediou novamente uma Copa do Mundo de Futebol. De 1950 aos dias de hoje, o comportamento, as formas de anunciar produtos e processos mercadológicos mudaram bastante. Nessa época, os apaixonados pelo futebol no Brasil ficaram sabendo da Copa pelo rádio, até então o veiculo de comunicação mais poderoso. Em 2014, temos agora uma sociedade de consumo que avançou junto com as novas tecnologias de comunicação e informação, como a internet, os smartphones, tablets e afins. Os meios de comunicação se modernizaram e evoluíram as técnicas e estratégias de marketing, os métodos de abordagem e a publicidade. Esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar a campanha de reposicionamento da imagem do Brasil perante as outras nações tomando como estudo de caso o comercial produzido pela equipe de Fernando Meirelles para a Copa do Mundo. O objetivo é mostrar como o marketing associado ao turismo brasileiro tem contribuído para disseminar uma nova imagem de nosso país no exterior, mais ligada a conceitos cosmopolitas e globalizados, buscando ir além dos estereótipos bastante conhecidos ainda hoje.
Estudo da Microestrutura e da microdureza das Cerâmicas Piezoelétricas tipos PZT I e III Utilizadas em Transdutores Eletroacústicos
Authors: Cabral Ricardo de Freitas , Itaboray Lucas Mendes , Santos Anna Paula de Oliveira
Published: October 2021

O domínio do processamento de cerâmica eletrônica do tipo piezoelétrica a partir  de matéria prima importada, levou à produção de cerâmicas com 97% da densidade teórica, de microestruturas homogêneas com grande potencial para aplicações em dispositivos piezoelétricos, como por exemplo, os transdutores eletroacústicos. Porém, a produção de cerâmica eletrônica do tipo piezoelétrica nacional ainda não é capaz de ter como matéria-prima o Titanato Zirconato de Chumbo (PZT) 100% produzido no Brasil. Desta forma, usa-se para essa produção o fornecimento de Óxido de Zircônio importado. Nesse trabalho, ambos os pós de PZT tipos I e III, importados, foram prensados uniaxialmente à 70 MPa e sinterizados à 1200 e 1250ºC por 3h. Foram realizadas medidas de dureza por micro-indentação, análises de Difração de raios X e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. A dureza do PZT I foi de 393 HV.
Diagnóstico ambiental da poluição dos solos no bairro Volta Grande IV, Volta Redonda - RJ
Authors: De Souza Camila da Costa Barros , Pereira Ana Carolina Callegario , Oliveira Danielle França de , Pimentel Cristiano Torchia , Santos André Marques dos , Santos Fabiana Soares dos
Published: October 2021

Atualmente a contaminação do solo se dá principalmente pela deposição inadequada de resíduos contaminados, causando danos a longo prazo e representando um risco eminente para o meio ambiente e também para o ser humano. Este trabalho propôs a investigação ambiental do solo na condomínio residencial do bairro Volta Grande IV, situado na cidade de Volta Redonda- RJ. Tal área foi utilizada como depósito de resíduos de siderurgia, classificados como resíduos perigosos segunda a NBR 10004 da ABNT. Após o encerramento do depósito, foi construído no local um conjunto habitacional que atualmente serve como residência para aproximadamente 200 famílias. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi realizar um estudo de caso do histórico de contaminação no bairro Volta Grande IV, além de diagnosticar a existência de metais pesados em solos presentes em áreas públicas ainda não impermeabilizadas. A determinação dos metais presentes em tais áreas seguiu a metodologia de digestão por água régia, especificada na ISO 11466/1995. Os metais selecionados para análise neste trabalho foram: chumbo (Pb), níquel (Ni), zinco (Zn) e cobre (Cu), estando estes, com exceção do Pb, acima dos valores de referência estabelecidos pela CETESB. Também foi determinado o pH das amostras de solo, os quais se apresentaram alcalinos em todos os pontos de coleta.
O Enfermeiro e a Prevenção das Infecções do Sítio Cirúrgico
Authors: Rocha Junia Pisaneschi Jardim , Lages Clarice Aparecida Simão
Published: October 2021

As infecções hospitalares (IH) são definidas como aquelas adquiridas após, durante e até mesmo depois da internação do paciente desde que possam ser relacionadas com a internação ou procedimentos invasivos. A multiplicidade de fatores que envolvem o controle de infecções, tem dificultado a implementação de um efetivo programa de ações preventivas e controladoras, representando desafios cada vez maiores aos profissionais de saúde. Assim, foram objetivos do presente estudo de pesquisa bibliográfica, descrever as principais causas de Infecção no sítio cirúrgico; pesquisar a atuação da CCIH na prevenção das Infecções no sítio cirúrgico; e investigar as condutas de Enfermagem para a prevenção das Infecções no sítio cirúrgico. Por fim observou-se a importância do Programa de Controle de Infecções Hospitalares e da atuação do enfermeiro n\a prevenção das infecções hospitalares.
Análise de políticas sociais para idosos no Brasil: um estudo bibliográfico
Authors: Escobar Karin Alves do Amaral , De Môura Flávia Aparecida
Published: October 2021

O processo de envelhecimento social apresenta reflexões no campo social, econômico, biológico e comportamental, gerando assim um grande desafio para as políticas sociais, a fim de que se melhorem as condições de vida do idoso em diversos aspectos. No Brasil as discussões em torno do envelhecimento, foram influenciadas pelas diretrizes internacionais da Organização Mundial da Saúde e Organização das Nações Unidas que contribuíram para a implementação de políticas específicas voltadas para esse segmento. O presente estudo objetiva realizar uma análise das políticas sociais direcionados aos idosos identificando os princípios, às orientações, os papéis previstos para a família, comunidade e Estado, assim como identificar a concepção de velhice expressa nesses documentos. O presente estudo se caracteriza por pesquisa teórica e bibliográfica objetivando desvendar conceitos, discussões polêmicas e teóricas acerca do assunto estudado. Consideramos que a velhice é um fenômeno histórico, social, cultural, político e psicológico que perpassa as trajetórias de vida pessoal e social e que deve ser compreendida em determinado tempo, espaço, classe social, relações de gênero e de etnia, dentre ouras variáveis. Observamos que a criação de políticas específicas de atendimento a esse segmento não retira a centralidade dos cuidados e assistência que ainda recai sobre a família e a comunidade. Constituem-se desafios o fortalecimento da participação social, promoção do envelhecimento ativo; estímulo às ações intersetoriais, visando à Integralidade da atenção à pessoa que envelhece.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Envelhecimento; Políticas Sociais; Idoso.
Kurmaca Metinlerde Bir Kaynak Olarak Kolektif/Geleneksel Anlatı
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, BAYINDIR Tolga ,   University of Kocaeli
Published: October 2021

Before writing, there has been the oral. This orality is a collective narrative that enables the individual living in the society to comply with the rules and rituals. Trying to stay within the obvious patterns, people begin to question their environment and the universe with the concept of "mind". As he asks questions about existence, life, death and even after death, he finds answers to the unknown that he encounters according to the cultural values he has created. These answers have the purpose of keeping the mind at a “normal” level. Because man needs a power that controls the order around him. The gods of the sun-sea-fire, immortals, demigod- half-human characters struggle for problems that ordinary people cannot solve. The magical properties of princesses, the virtuous powers of kings, the courage of a hero fight against evil. The text comes later. Collective narratives that define social boundaries can now be recorded. In this process, the dominance of the mind rises rapidly and begins to solve what it sees around it in its own limitations. As the problems of ordinary people replace the "adult/limitless" beings and "utopian" spaces in the narratives, the space also becomes familiar. When the machines produced by the mind in the industrialization process begin to make people ordinary, a "new search" is needed. Words are added to the text. The collective narrative that takes its place in the social memory begins to show itself this time through fictional texts. The novel, which is quite new according to oral narration, returns to its old source. The aim of this study is to provide an explanation for the underlying elements of the surreal, fantastic and science fiction concepts that are frequently encountered in recent novels.
Effect of Terrorism on the Performance of Tourism Industry. A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Muthoni Damaris
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Global Tourism destinations provide different products which satisfy tourists with different interests, needs and wants. The general objective of the study was to examine effect of terrorism on the performance of tourism industry.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concludes relevant governments should face the fact that terrorist attacks provoke a substitution effect on destination choice behaviors. Tourists will replace destinations considered unsafe due to terrorist threats with others considered safer. The physical distance of the tourists' home countries and their cultural and socio-economic traits influence this replacement behavior. Given the randomness of terrorist attacks, relevant governments should be prepared to alter quickly their marketing strategy, namely their market targeting strategies and promotion campaigns to prevent substitution effect and lack low returns from the tourism industry

Recommendations: The study recommends that relevant governments in dealing with the root causes of terrorism should also denounce the terrorists considering their acts as criminal acts just like others. The tourism stakeholders should increase efficiency in law enforcement, prosecution of terrorist suspects, by improving intelligence gathering and the police should be effectively trained to deal with terrorism incidences. The covert nature of terrorism often precludes an easy analysis of their capabilities or intent, therefore, giving them an advantage of lying in wait and striking when least expected; thus, the government counterterrorism should be proactive
Pharmacology-based toxicity assessment of molsidomine and ATP-LONG combination with singular and repetitive injections under experimental conditions
Authors: Kuprash Liana , Panteleymonova Tetyana , Sharabura Ludmila , Mykhalskiy Sergiy , Klymenko Pavlo , Lugovskoy Sergey , Nepomnyashchy Valentyn , Sykalo Nina , Bezrukov Vladislav
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The aim of the work was to study toxic properties of the new combined drug which comprise nitrovasodilator molsidomine and adenosine- 5’-triphosphate in a form of coordination compound with histidine, magnesium, and potassium (ATP-LONG).
The drug was examined for its acute and subacute toxicity on Balb/c mice and Wistar rats of reproductive age with peroral (p/o) and sublingual (s/l) administrations.
It has been established that LD50 of the substance contains over 10000 mg/kg (p/o) and 5010 mg/kg (s/l), which corresponds to the category of Practically non-toxic substances.
The repetitive administrations within a 28 day period of the conditionally therapeutic dose of 260 mg/hg (s/l) did not cause any negative impact on physiological, biochemical, histological values in male and female rats. In doses 1300 and 2080 mg/kg, which exceed conditionally therapeutic doses by 5 and 8 times, the combination was not changing clinical laboratory urine and blood values but induced histological changes such as dilation and plethora of capillaries along with edema of smooth muscle cells of the brain, myocardium, liver, spleen, kidneys, and adrenal glands in rats. Additionally, the particular dosages of the combined substance provoked irritation of the mucous membrane of the tongue. Detected effects of the drug do not carry any pathological character and can be viewed as a specific reaction of the organism to high doses of nitrovasodilator. However, the duration and reversibility of unwanted consequences of molsidomine overdose, particularly in its combined form, need further investigation.

Keywords: combination of molsidomine and ATP-LONG, acute and subacute toxicity
УТЕПЛЕНИЕ МЕЛКОЗАГЛУБЛЕННЫХ ФУНДАМЕНТОВ
Authors: Идрисов Гани Балтабаевич
Published: October 2021

В данной статье рассматривается метод утепление мелкозаглубленных фундаментов, с применением пенополистирола. Представлена технология утепления и порядок работ. Наружный слой теплоизоляции на фундаменте решает следующие задачи: 1. сохраняет грунт под основанием не промерзает, вследствии чего силы пучения не возникают; 2 смещение теплового контура наружу – данный метод актуален для тех-подполья, эксплуатируемого подземного этажа, на наружных стенах которого гарантированно не выступит влага. Удержать геотермальное тепло недр исключительно облицовкой фундамента теплоизолятором невозможно. Глубина незаглубленного фундамента мала, поэтому требуется увеличение периметра. Для этого часто используется отмостка с утеплителем – бетон по слою экструдированного пенополистирола с уклоном от стены здания.
Calculating the Probability of Constitutional Isomers of Pentane
Authors: Dare Mary-Margaret
Published: October 2021

Depending on the reagent, and orientation of collisions within a chemical reaction, organic molecules can be present as different constitutional isomers of the same molecule. We can analyze the likelihood of getting a mixture of pentane with certain conformers. Based on this, we find that there are 16 potential conformers, but 13 are identical structures, meaning only three are distinct from each other. Using the product rule, we then demonstrate how to go about calculating the probability of specific conformers, including specific identical structures, being present in a mixture, and then we demonstrate that process is strictly within the three different conformers.
ĐIỆN ĐỒ TĨNH MẠCH PHỔI Ở BỆNH NHÂN RUNG NHĨ KỊCH PHÁT
Authors: Đình Phong Phan , Văn Nhơn Bùi , Tuấn Việt Trần , Mạnh Cầm Đỗ
Published: October 2021

Nghiên cứu được tiến hành với mục tiêu mô tả đặc điểm điện đồ tĩnh mạch phổi ở bệnh nhân rung nhĩ kịch phát tại Viện Tim mạch Việt Nam. Kết quả cho thấy, điện đồ tĩnh mạch phổi đều được ghi nhận ởbệnh nhân rung nhĩ kịch phát (chiếm 100%). Khoảng thời gian dẫn truyền nhĩ - tĩnh mạch phổi (khoảng A-PV) tối đa và trung bình ở tĩnh mạch phổi trên trái là dài nhất (67,00 ± 9,72ms và 56,65 ± 8,52ms, tương ứng). Hình dạng điện đồ tĩnh mạch phổi thường gặp là điện đồ nhiều thành phần (31,6% ± 8,7%); hình dạng điện đồ tĩnh mạch phổi khác bao gồm điện đồ 3 pha (29,5% ± 9,1%), điện đồ 2 pha (19,4% ± 8,4%) và điện đồ kép (5,8% ± 5,9%). Điện đồ kép gặp nhiều nhất ở tĩnh mạch phổi trên trái (11,9% ± 6,8%).
GIÁ TRỊ PHƯƠNG PHÁP CHỤP XQUANG PHỔ HAI MỨC NĂNG LƯỢNG CÓ TIÊM THUỐC CẢN QUANG TRONG CHẨN ĐOÁN UNG THƯ TUYẾN VÚ
Authors: Thị Bích Hạnh Trần , Minh Hải Nguyễn , Thu Thủy Vũ , Thị Phương Thảo Trần , Thị Thanh Xuân Lê
Published: October 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá giá trị chẩn đoán ung thư vú của phương pháp chụp X quang phổ hai mức năng lượng có tiêm thuốc cản quang (CESM) so với kết quả mô bệnh học. Phương pháp: Mô tả cắt ngang, hồi cứu. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu trên 50 bệnh nhân có tổn thương u vú được chụp CESM, độ tuổi trung bình là 49,86 ± 12,06. Hình ảnh khối đa thùy trên CESM có độ nhạy 71,4%, độ đặc hiệu 68,2%, giá trị dự báo dương tính 74,1% và giá trị dự báo âm tính 65,2%, độ chính xác 60%. Hình ảnh đường bờ không rõ nét trên CESM có độ nhạy 53,6%, độ đặc hiệu 77,3%, giá trị dự báo dương tính 75% và giá trị dự báo âm tính 56,7%, độ chính xác 64%.Hình ảnh u xâm lấn  trên CESM có độ nhạy 42,9%, độ đặc hiệu 95,5%, giá trị dự báo dương tính 92,3% và giá trị dự báo âm tính 56,8%, độ chính xác 66%. Hình ảnh ngấm thuốc trên CESM có độ nhạy 89,3%, độ đặc hiệu 90,9%, giá trị dự báo dương tính 92,6% và giá trị dự báo âm tính 87%, độ chính xác 90%. Phân loại BIRADS ≥ 4trên CESM có độ nhạy 96,4%, độ đặc hiệu 22,7%, giá trị dự báo dương tính 61,4% và giá trị dự báo âm tính 83,3%, độ chính xác 64%. Kết luận: Hình ảnh Chụp XQ tuyến vú phổ hai mức năng lượng CESM đánh giá hiệu quả những tổn thương tăng đậm độ, thể hiện rõ ràng tính chất khối, ít bỏ sót tổn thương, do đó có giá trị trong việc chẩn đoán ung thư vú với các đối tượng có tuyến vú đậm đặc.