bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer Image Classification: A Review
Authors: Pathak Pooja , Jalal Anand Singh , Rai Ritu
Published: December 2020

Background:

Breast cancer represents uncontrolled breast cell growth. Breast cancer is
the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Early detection of breast cancer improves the
chances of survival and increases treatment options. There are various methods for screening breast
cancer, such as mammogram, ultrasound, computed tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI). MRI is gaining prominence as an alternative screening tool for early detection and breast
cancer diagnosis. Nevertheless, MRI can hardly be examined without the use of a Computer-Aided
Diagnosis (CAD) framework, due to the vast amount of data.

Objective:

This paper aims to cover the approaches used in the CAD system for the detection of
breast cancer.

Methods:

In this paper, the methods used in CAD systems are categories into two classes: the conventional
approach and artificial intelligence (AI) approach.

Results:

The conventional approach covers the basic steps of image processing, such as preprocessing,
segmentation, feature extraction and classification. The AI approach covers the various convolutional
and deep learning networks used for diagnosis.

Conclusion:

This review discusses some of the core concepts used in breast cancer and presents a
comprehensive review of efforts in the past to address this problem.
Dogs as a Model for Chemotherapy of Chagas Disease and Leishmaniasis
Authors: de Lana Marta , Giunchetti Rodolfo Cordeiro
Published: December 2020

Background:

Dogs are natural reservoir of Chagas disease (CD) and leishmaniasis and have been used for studies of these infections as they develop different clinical forms of these diseases similar to humans.

Objective:

This revision describes publications in dog model relative to CD and Leishmaniasis chemotherapy.

Methods:

The search of articles was based on PubMed, Scopus and MESH using the keywords: dog, Trypanosoma cruzi, treatment (T. cruzi chemotherapy analysis), Leishmania chagasi, Leishmania infantum, canine visceral leishmaniasis, treatment (Leishmania chemotherapy evaluation).

Results:

Benznidazole and nifurtimox were used as a reference in the treatment of CD and in combination with other compounds. Eleven out of the fifteen studies have authors from the same team, using similar protocols and post-treatment evaluations, which assured more reproducibility and credibility. Twenty leishmaniasis studies, especially on visceral leishmaniasis, presenting at least one parasitological analysis tested in distinct monochemotherapy and polychemotherapy approaches were accessed. Data demonstrated that polychemotherapy was more effective in improving the clinical signs and parasitism control.

Conclusion:

The benefits of treatment in terms of reducing or eliminating lesions and/or cardiac dysfunctions were demonstrated at acute and/or chronic phases relative to parasite load and/or the T. cruzi strain resistance to treatment. BZ presented better therapeutic results than the two EBI compounds evaluated. Although treatment of the canine visceral leishmaniasis was not able to induce complete parasite clearance, it can improve clinical recovery. Thus, the dog is a good model for CD and leishmaniasis studies of chemotherapy and may be indicated for pre-clinical trials of new treatments.
Drug discovery of small molecules for the treatment of COVID-19: A review on clinical studies
Authors: Goel Bharat , Bhardwaj Nivedita , Tripathi Nancy , Jain Shreyans K.
Published: December 2020

:

Recently, a sudden outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was caused by a zoonotic virus known as
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). It has caused pandemic situations around the globe and
affecting the lives of millions of people. So far, no drug has been approved for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected
patients. As of now, more than 1000 clinical trials are going on for repurposing of FDA approved drugs and for evaluating
the safety & efficiency of experimental antiviral molecules to combat COVID-19. Since the development of new drugs may
require months to years to reach the market, this review focusses on the potentials of existing small molecule FDA approved
drugs and the molecules already in the clinical pipeline against viral infections like HIV, hepatitis B, Ebola virus, and other
viruses of coronavirus family (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV). The review also discusses the natural products and traditional
medicines in clinical studies against COVID-19. Currently, 1978 studies are active, 143 completed and 4 posted results (as
on June 13, 2020) on clinicaltrials.gov.
Differential Effects of the Interaction Between the Education and APOE ε4 Allele on Amyloid-beta Retention and Memory Performances in Cognitively Normal Older Adults and Alzheimer's Disease Patients
Authors: Kang Dong W. , Wang Sheng-Min , Na Hae-Ran , Lee Chang U. , Baek In-Ho , Lim Hyun K.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Despite the effect of education and APOE ε4 allele on amyloid-beta (Aβ)
retention and memory, previous studies have not dealt with an interaction between two factors on Aβ
deposition and memory function in the course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective:

To evaluate education by APOE ε4 allele interactions for Aβ retention and neuropsychological
test scores in cognitively normal older adults without Aβ deposition [CN(Aβ-), n=45] and
Alzheimer’s disease patients with Aβ retention [AD(Aβ+), n=33].

Methods:

Multiple regression analyses (adjusted for age, gender) were conducted to examine the
effects of education, APOE ε4 allele, and the interaction between the two factors on global, regional
Aβ load quantified using [18F]flutemetamol standardized uptake value ratio with the pons as a reference
region, and on neuropsychological test scores in each group.

Results:

The interaction between education and APOE ε4 allele had an effect on amyloid load in parietal
lobes (uncorrected p<0.05) and striatum (Bonferroni corrected p<0.05) in each CN(Aβ-) and
AD(Aβ+). There was also an interaction effect of education and APOE ε4 allele on the memory performance
in each CN(Aβ-) and AD(Aβ+) (uncorrected p<0.05). APOE ε4 carriers of both groups
showed opposing slopes with each other in the correlation between the education years and Aβ load,
memory performance.

Conclusions:

The current results suggest a possible explanation of the differential effects of education
and APOE ε4 allele interactions on AD pathology and memory function at the beginning and end of
AD progress. However, further study with a validating cohort is needed for confirming this explanation.
The Potential Role of Green Tea and its Main Constituent (Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate) in Pain Relief: A Mechanistic Review
Authors: Negah Sajad Sahab , Ghazavi Hamed , Vafaee Farzaneh , Rashidi Roghayeh , Aminian Ahmad Reza , Forouzanfar Fatemeh
Published: December 2020

Medicinal plants and dietary supplements may provide an effective and safe treatment
for pain relief. Green tea is one of the most common beverages with many several pharmacological
activities. The results of various studies have indicated that green tea possesses antinociceptive effects.
Many of the protective effects of green tea in terms of pain relief are attributed to its antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory properties. Epigallocatechin -3-gallate (EGCG), as one of the major
phytochemical components in green tea, is effective in the management of pain through suppression
of inflammation and oxidative stress. We have reviewed the effects of green tea on pain and also
discussed mechanisms involved in pain relief. This review suggests that green tea can be a safe
and often effective treatment for pain.
Kefir: A Synbiotic with Approved Anticarcinogenic Properties
Authors: Zam Wissam , Shahoud Sally , Hayek Mansour , Saad Alaa
Published: December 2020

Background::

According to WHO report, cancer is the second leading cause of death
globally, and approximately 70% of deaths from cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries.
From this point, more attention has been given to the role of nutrition in the prevention of cancer
development.

Methods::

A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature dealing
with the role of kefir in cancer prevention and treatment was undertaken.

Results::

Probiotics are one of the most important food fortifications which are proved to have anticarcinogenic
properties. Probiotics can directly bind to carcinogens and alter the production of enzymes
by modifying the intestinal environment. Kefir, originating from the Balkan–Caucasian region,
is a synbiotic composed of a wide number microflora and exopolysaccharides with approved
in vitro and in vivo biological activities. Kefir plays a great potential role in cancer prevention and
treatment, interfering with apoptosis, proliferation and transformation.

Conclusion::

This review highlights the important role of probiotics, exopolysaccharides and common
kefir in preventing different types of cancer, including colon cancer, sarcoma, breast cancer,
lung cancer, leukemia, gastric cancer and melanoma.
Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry to Monitor Unbound and Total Ceftriaxone in Serum of Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Meenks Sjoerd , le Noble Jos , Foudraine Norbert , de Vries Frank , Janssen Paddy
Published: December 2020

Background:

Ceftriaxone is recommended for empiric antimicrobial therapy in patients
with sepsis. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) guided dose optimisation could elucidate pharmacokinetic
variabilities, improving treatment efficacy. However, detailed data on Ultra-Performance
Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for unbound ceftriaxone
quantification in serum are scarce.

Objective:

The authors aimed to develop a reliable UPLC-MS/MS method for serum ceftriaxone
quantification and exhibit its application potential in routine hospital settings.

Methods:

In this observational, single centre study, UPLC-MS/MS method validation included specificity,
carry-over, linearity, repeatability, intermediate precision, accuracy, the limit of quantification,
and plasma protein binding. Unbound and total ceftriaxone were quantified in the serum of 5
critically ill patients. Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment calculations
were performed for both unbound and total ceftriaxone. The PK/PD target for unbound ceftriaxone
in serum was set at 4 times the non-species related minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoint
of 1 mg/L for at least 60% of the dosing interval.

Result:

The UPLC-MS/MS method revealed acceptable limits for clinical samples, with coefficients
of variation <15.0% for concentrations between 0.2 – 400.0 mg/L. Ceftriaxone eluted at
1.94 min and ceftazidime, as internal standard, eluted at 1.42 min. Patients demonstrated a median
unbound ceftriaxone fraction of 29.1% (IQR: 15.2 – 52.2). Day 1 of ceftriaxone treatment presented
a median PK/PD target attainment of 100.0% (IQR: 81.1 – 100.0) for unbound ceftriaxone in
serum, while for calculations based on total concentrations, this figure was 23.9% (IQR: 10.5 –
80.6).

Conclusion:

The described UPLC-MS/MS method enables reliable and rapid ceftriaxone quantification
in the serum of critically ill patients. Method feasibility was exhibited for TDM purposes in
routine clinical practice.
The Synthesis of Nano-Doxorubicin and its Anticancer Effect
Authors: Zhu Lusha , Lin Mei
Published: December 2020

Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used as a clinical first-line anti-cancer drug. However, its clinical
application is severely limited due to the lack of tumor specificity of the drug and severe side effects such as
myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, and multi-drug resistance. To improve the
bioavailability of DOX, maximize the therapeutic effect, and reduce its toxicity and side effects, many studies
have been done on the nanoformulations of DOX, such as liposomes, polymer micelles, dendrimer, and nanogels.
Herein, we review the latest progress of DOX nano-preparations and their anti-tumor effects, hoping to provide
theoretical references and new research ideas for the development of new dosage forms of the drug and the
technical methods available for clinical application.
Relationship Between Oxidative Stress, Tau Level and Antioxidant Mechanisms of the KEAP-1/NRF-2/HO-1 in Children with Hydrocephalus
Authors: Guzelcicek Ahmet , Koyuncu Ismail , Gönel Ataman , Cigdem Gulyara , Karadag Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Background:

Hydrocephalus is a complex neurologic disorder that has a widespread impact
on the central nervous system and a multifactor disease which affects the CSF dynamics and
causes severe neurological impairments in children. The pathophysiology of hydrocephalus is not
fully understood. However, increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress may be an important
factor in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of the KEAP-1/NRF-2/HO-1
pathway, one of the main regulators of the antioxidant system in the hydrocephalus pathology, on
oxidative stress and tau protein level.

Methods:

The study included 32 patients with hydrocephalus and 32 healthy controls. KEAP-1,
NRF-2, HO-1, TAU, and MPO levels are measured using ELISA method TAS, TOS, and Total
THIOL colorimetric method.

Results:

KEAP-1, TAS, and Total THIOL levels were found significantly lowerer in the hydrocephalus
group than in the control group. Nevertheless, it was identified that in the hydrocephalus
group that the NRF-2, HO-1, TAU, MPO, TOS, and OSI levels were significantly elevated.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, although the KEAP-1/NRF-2/HO-1 pathway is activated in patients
with hydrocephalus, it is identified that the antioxidant defense system is insufficient and ultimately
leads to elevated oxidative stress. The elevation in the tau level may be an indicator of oxidative
stress induced neurodegenerative damage.
Application of Nanomaterials in Water Treatment: Arsenic and Natural Organic Matter Removal
Authors: Nikić Jasmina , Jazić Jelena Molnar , Watson Malcolm , Agbaba Jasmina
Published: December 2020

Background:

Globally, around 150 million people are still supplied with arsenic contaminated
drinking water. The groundwaters effected often contain problematic concentrations of natural organic
matter (NOM), which plays an important role in releasing As into the aquifer. Thus, this review explores
the recent literature relating to the application of various nanomaterials to solve these drinking
water supply problems and highlights the work that still needs to be done.

Methods:

After an extensive initial search patent papers were selected based on their quality and relevance
to the topic of this review: the use of magnetic nanomaterials based on pure magnetic materials,
magnetic composites of carbon/graphene/biochars, polymeric matrices, metal-organic frameworks and
mixed-oxide magnetic nanocomposites, as As adsorbents and as photocatalysts for NOM removal.

Results:

160 papers relating to the application of nanomaterials for As removal were reviewed and 38
papers covering photocatalysts for NOM removal. These papers were organised by type of nanomaterial,
and their important findings summarised. Although many authors have demonstrated effective solutions
in the laboratory, the following areas still need to be addressed: the challenges posed by larger
pilot and full scale continuously operated processes; the treatment of complex natural water matrices;
which technologies will be required to economically separate nanoparticles from the treated water;
whether the nanoparticles will be more economically and environmentally sustainable than other techniques
available.

Conclusion:

Despite these significant gaps in the literature, the body of work carried out thus far, as
summarised in this review paper, strongly suggests that full scale treatment solutions applying (magnetic)
nanomaterials may prove highly effective in the future for both arsenic and NOM removal.
Development of Integrated Innovation Experiment Platform Based on 3- PRS Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Chen Guoqiang , Zhou Hongpeng , Huang Junjie , Jiao Feng , Li Hanchao , Liu Zhenzhen
Published: December 2020

Background:

The parallel mechanism plays an important role in various fields. The multifunctional
integrated innovation experiment platform can improve the utilization rate of the mechanism
and be applied in many fields.

Objective:

The main objective of the study is to establish an integrated innovation experiment platform
based on the 3-PRS parallel mechanism, which can be used in typical application and related technology
development.

Methods:

The integrated innovation experiment platform is established and analyzed based on the 3-PRS
parallel mechanism. According to the 3D model of the experiment platform, the kinematics and dynamics
are analyzed. The force/position control strategy of the system is adopted. According to the function of
the experiment platform, two kinds of application and the position and pose measurement technology are
developed. The experiment platform is developed by the following methods: (1) The XY table is set up on
the fixing platform of the 3-PRS parallel mechanism, so that the mechanism has five degrees of freedom,
and the many kinds of workpiece can be easily processed. (2) By selecting the impedance parameter, the
experiment platform can realize the compliant control of plantar flexion/dorsiflexion and varus/eversion
simultaneously. (3) The binocular vision position and pose measurement method is used to obtain the
marked images of the experiment platform through dual cameras, and the position and pose is obtained
through image processing, 3D reconstruction and stereo matching, etc. (4) The position and pose detection
based on deep learning is divided into two parts: one is to detect the slider height using the regression
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN); the other is to compute the position and pose using the Back
Propagation Neural Network (BPNN).

Results:

The experiment results show that the function of the 3-PRS parallel mechanism integrated innovation
experiment platform can be effectively realized. The position and pose can be accurately measured
in real time using the proposed two measurement methods. The impedance parameters are selected to
achieve the rehabilitation training function of the 3-PRS ankle rehabilitation robot and the characters are
processed to verify the function of the 3-PRS-XY series-parallel machine tool.

Conclusion:

The integrated innovation experiment platform based on the 3-PRS parallel mechanism can
achieve the function of mechanical processing and rehabilitation training, and can also measure the state
of motion in real time through machine vision and deep learning.
Management of COVID-19 very Elderly Patients in Nursing Homes and Long-Term Care Facilities: Description of a New Model and Experience in a Medicalized Nursing Home
Authors: Novo-Veleiro Ignacio , Vidal-Vazquez Martín , Vázquez-Agra Néstor , Otero-Rodríguez Eduardo-David , Andújar-Plata Paula , Calvo-Martínez Belen , Espasandín-Duarte Irene , Martínez-Bahamonde Francisco-Javier , Pais-Iglesias Beatriz , Núñez-Masid Eloína , Pose-Reino Antonio
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

COVID-19 has been a challenge for healthcare, mainly in elderly patients
in Nursing Homes (NHs) and Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs). We present a pioneering novel
experience in addressing healthcare of elderly patients with COVID-19 in these facilities by a reconversion
of a NH in a medicalized NH.

Methods:

All patients admitted to the center were included, recording clinical and epidemiological
variables. We conducted a descriptive analysis and a multivariate analysis to identify variables
linked to mortality and persistence of positive PCR test.

Results:

84 patients were included (40% men), women presented more symptomatology. We found
a positive correlation between the duration of symptoms and the days required to obtain a negative
PCR test (r=0.512, P<0.001). We also found an independent and significant association between asthenia
(OR=2.58; IC95% 1.22-5.46) and mutism (OR=5.21; IC95% 1.58-17.15) and a longer time
to achieve a negative PCR test. All patients, except contraindication, were treated with hydroxychloroquine
and azithromycin, which was the recommended treatment during the period of the
study. The early start of corticoid treatment (within the first 72 hours since the start of symptoms)
was linked to a lower mortality in patients with moderate-severe symptoms. Mortality was lower
than expected (which was higher than 20% in that period and group of age), reaching 14%, the
main factors linked to mortality were the presence of mutism (OR=19; IC95% 3.4-108; P=0.001)
and dyspnea (OR=12; IC95% 1.3-111; P=0.029).

Conclusions:

An alternative system was presented for the care of these patients through the reconversion
of a basic NH in a medicalized one, which showed a significant reduction in the expected
mortality.
The power of social media in BERLIBUR as new social movement in West Bandung Regency Indonesia
Authors: Octavianti Meria , Praratya Atalia
Published: December 2020

Social media has a tremendous power to drive community participation in development. This is evidenced by Berlibur (bebersih keliling lembur) ‘Cleaning Our Surroundings’, a program that have been successfully held regularly by many communities in West Bandung Regency. Berlibur is a new social movement in West Bandung that is rooted from the concern of various communities about environmental cleanliness, particularly about the bad habit of littering. This study employed qualitative method with case study approach to describe how the power of social media can drive community participation in this independent environmental cleaning up program. The results showed that the form and the content of social media as well as the character of the audience become the key factor in the success of communication of the initiators of Berlibur. Various communities with different backgrounds are united in Komunitas Lintas KBB ‘All West Bandung Regency Communities’ to collect garbage to positively exemplify and unconsciously grow the community awareness of throwing garbage properly.
Framing analysis of government crisis communication in terrorist attacks (Case in New Zealand and Sri Lanka)
Authors: Prastya Narayana Mahendra , Dewi Mutia
Published: December 2020

This article aims to analyze the frame of the government official statement in Mosque Christhurch Attack in New Zealand (March 2019) and Easter Sunday Attack in Sri Lanka (April 2019). The two cases were chosen because they place Muslim in contradictory positions: as victim in New Zealand and as perpetrator in Sri Lanka. This study uses framing analysis method to examine the official statement uploaded in the official websites of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of New Zealand and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka, within seven days after the incident. The data gathered from the text analysis is then followed by data triangulation using expert judgement technique. The result shows that there are differences in information content. The New Zealand government emphasizes their own actions in the country, while the Sri Lankan government focuses on the activities carried out abroad and the supports, they receive from other countries. In doing so, the New Zealand government highlights the presence of Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern while the Sri Lankan government presents information from many state officials, instead of the head of state. These differences show that the content of official statement is highly influenced by the socio-political condition in the country.
Parenting and sharenting communication for preventing juvenile delinquency
Authors: Aw Suranto , Widiarti Pratiwi Wahyu , Setiawan Benni , Mustaffa Normah , Ali Mohd Nor Shahizan , Hastasari Chatia
Published: December 2020

The focus of this research is to examine the communication techniques between parents and children in the context of parenting and giving advice (sharenting) for the prevention of children or adolescents' delinquency. The informants of this research were students, teachers, parents, and community leaders from two countries (Indonesia and Malaysia). Data were collected utilizing the focus group discussion techniques via Zoom meeting platform. Data were analyzed using interactive analysis which includes four stages, namely: data collection, data reduction, display data, and drawing a conclusion/verification. The results show that parenting and sharenting communication are strategic forums to guide adolescents to avoid various forms of deviant behavior, especially delinquency. The communication techniques applied consist of persuasive and in certain conditions coercive communication techniques are utilized. Communication barriers include the lack of commitment of some parents in carrying out comprehensive communication.
Attitude towards Sustainable Product among Malaysian Consumers
Authors: Abu Bakar Muhammad Fauzan , Jimel Clement anak
Published: December 2020

This research investigates consumers’ attitude towards the acceptance of a sustainable product (SP). The current research on consumers’ behaviour mainly focuses on “determinants” or “factors” affecting attitudes, while; this research offers a parallel shift, focusing on consumers’ attitude influencing the acceptance of a sustainable product. Three main variables undergo in-depth examination: consumers’ attitudes (CA), consumers’ persuasion (CP) and consumers’ ethics (CE). This study develops a model of sustainability, considering the strengths and limitations of existing models. The theoretical framework for this study is based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA), the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the attribution theory (AT) and the Thompson & Barton environmental attitudes model (EAM)
 
Keywords: Sustainable Product; Product Acceptance; Malaysian Consumers; Individual Attitudes, Persuasion and Ethical Belief
 
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2526
Enhancing Employee Wellbeing: The Roles of Psychosocial Safety Climate and Psychological Contract
Authors: Mohd Salleh Eva Salmee , Mohamed Zainal Siti Rohaida , Dato Mansor Zuraina
Published: December 2020

A thriving business requires thriving employees – a simple formula for a successful business. The equation of works leads to the wellbeing of the employee has raised a big question mark among the behaviourists as more researches conclude differently. This study examines the relationship of psychosocial safety climate, psychological Contract on wellbeing through a positive employment relationship. With a total of 235 employees for the public, semi-government and private sector business/organisation in Selangor. The findings reveal that enhancing the psychological contract can improve employee wellbeing. Moreover, a positive employment relationship is found to play an important role in flourishing employee wellbeing.
Keywords: Psychosocial Safety Climate; Psychological Contract;  Positive Employment Relationship;  Wellbeing
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2527
Language Choice and Preferences: Mapping the linguistic landscape of Sentul, Malaysia
Authors: Omar Nur Hidayatulshima , Anuarudin Aini Andria Shirin , Husin @ Ma’mor Misyana Susanti , Ariffin Kamisah
Published: December 2020

The study attempts to map the linguistic landscape of Sentul, the new urban area of Kuala Lumpur. It aims to examine the preferred language of shop signs in the area. Data were collected primarily from visible shop signs and categorized through a sign coding scheme based on Sunwani’s (2005) model. The analysis indicates that the area preferred a mixture of English, BM, and Chinese for the shop signs. The findings show diverse factors govern the choice of language use on the shop signs attributed to identity, nature of business owners, and shop location.
Keywords: Linguistic Landscape; Shop sign; Multilingual; Language Learning
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2529
A Doctrinal Review of Visual Art from Islamic Religious Institution in Malaysia
Authors: Ramli Ishak , Mokhtar Mumtaz , Masrek Mohamad Noorman , Mohamad Zamri Zarlina
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to gather doctrinal reference regarding visual art from Malaysian Islamic Religious institutions; and to analyze the content of all collections (objective 1) that are related to the presentation of visual art as discussed in the perspective of Islamic Shariah; by using a systematic literature review approach. The findings from the doctrinal report on visual art showed that its discussion revolved only around the explanation of imagery in visual art which involved 6 types of visible subjects. This comprehensive collection will become a guideline in producing visual artwork that comply with Islamic Shariah.
Keywords: Doctrinal review; guideline; fatwa; visual art
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2533
Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic for the Development and Update of Clinical Practice Guidelines: Viewpoint (Preprint)
Authors: Steeb Theresa , Follmann Markus , Hagen Ralf Matthias , Berking Carola , Heppt Markus Vincent
Published: December 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Following the rapid spread of a new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), nearly all countries have introduced temporary restrictions affecting daily life, with “social distancing” as a key intervention for slowing the spread of the virus. Despite the pandemic, the development or actualization of medical guidelines, especially in the rapidly changing field of oncology, needs to be continued to provide up-to-date evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for shared decision making and maintaining the treatment quality for patients. In this viewpoint, we describe the potential strengths and limitations of online conferences for medical guideline development. This viewpoint will assist guideline developers in evaluating whether online conferences are an appropriate tool for their guideline conference and audience.
A Biomedical Knowledge Graph System to Propose Mechanistic Hypotheses for Real-World Environmental Health Observations: Cohort Study and Informatics Application (Preprint)
Authors: Fecho Karamarie , Bizon Chris , Miller Frederick , Schurman Shepherd , Schmitt Charles , Xue William , Morton Kenneth , Wang Patrick , Tropsha Alexander
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Knowledge graphs are a common form of knowledge representation in biomedicine and many other fields. We developed an open biomedical knowledge graph–based system termed Reasoning Over Biomedical Objects linked in Knowledge Oriented Pathways (ROBOKOP). ROBOKOP consists of both a front-end user interface and a back-end knowledge graph. The ROBOKOP user interface allows users to posit questions and explore answer subgraphs. Users can also posit questions through direct Cypher query of the underlying knowledge graph, which currently contains roughly 6 million nodes or biomedical entities and 140 million edges or predicates describing the relationship between nodes, drawn from over 30 curated data sources.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to apply ROBOKOP to survey data on workplace exposures and immune-mediated diseases from the Environmental Polymorphisms Registry (EPR) within the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

METHODS

We analyzed EPR survey data and identified 45 associations between workplace chemical exposures and immune-mediated diseases, as self-reported by study participants (n= 4574), with 20 associations significant at P<.05 after false discovery rate correction. We then used ROBOKOP to (1) validate the associations by determining whether plausible connections exist within the ROBOKOP knowledge graph and (2) propose biological mechanisms that might explain them and serve as hypotheses for subsequent testing. We highlight the following three exemplar associations: carbon monoxide-multiple sclerosis, ammonia-asthma, and isopropanol-allergic disease.

RESULTS

ROBOKOP successfully returned answer sets for three queries that were posed in the context of the driving examples. The answer sets included potential intermediary genes, as well as supporting evidence that might explain the observed associations.

CONCLUSIONS

We demonstrate real-world application of ROBOKOP to generate mechanistic hypotheses for associations between workplace chemical exposures and immune-mediated diseases. We expect that ROBOKOP will find broad application across many biomedical fields and other scientific disciplines due to its generalizability, speed to discovery and generation of mechanistic hypotheses, and open nature.
Development of a mobile health application with dynamic visualization，intelligent reminder and instant messaging for prostate cancer patient management: the RyPros App (Preprint)
Authors: Bai Zhiming , Wang Gang , Wu Bing , Chen Jing , Yu Gang , Lin Danni , Wang Guoren
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Prostate cancer remains a major cause of mortality in men worldwide, and China's incidence increases significantly. It takes a great deal of effort for clinicians to summarize and analyze data on prostate cancer patients. Only a comprehensive and accurate follow-up of prostate cancer patients can maximize their survival and quality of life. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in research and use of apps as disease management tools in mobile health. However, very few apps are currently available for prostate cancer patient management, and these apps do not combine the needs of physicians with the needs of patients.

OBJECTIVE

To develop a mobile health application called RyPros with dynamic visualization，intelligent reminder, and instant messaging for prostatic cancer patient management, which can provide intelligent suggestions for patients' diagnosis and treatment plan, nursing, follow-up measures, and other decisions, realize individualized treatment, and evaluation, improve communication between doctors and patients, inspire patients to develop "focus on me" awareness and proactively cooperate with the treatment.

METHODS

The application was developed through a four-step procedure: logical structure design, interface design, application programming, and testing. The application's design was based on guidelines and multi-disciplinary collaboration, with dynamic visualization, intelligent reminder, and instant messaging as the core functions, which could be used for data identification and entry, automatic labeling of patients' status. The application also emphasizes protecting the security and privacy of patients' data.

RESULTS

We implemented and tested the application successfully. After testing, the application generally ran on both the doctor's and the patient's interfaces. The application interfaces were simple, rapid, and smooth; the data storage and reading were stable and accurate. It analyzed the patient's physiology, prostate-specific antigen, serum testosterone, and other monitoring data and dynamically visualized the data and dynamically labeled the disease stage; reminded the patient for follow-up measures and evaluated the patient's health-related quality of life remotely; communicated between different doctors and doctors-patients through instant messaging modules.

CONCLUSIONS

A mobile health application that addresses dynamic visualization, intelligent reminder, and instant messaging whose main themes can facilitate disease management for prostate cancer patients.
Дисфункция подвздошно-крестцового сочленения в структуре болевого синдрома у больных с тазобедренно-поясничным синдромом
Authors: Haiko H.V. , Haluzynskyi O.A. , Kalashnikov O.V. , Osadchuk T.I.
Published: December 2020

Проведен анализ историй болезни 138 больных с тазобедренно-поясничным синдромом (ТПС), которым было выполнено эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава в клинике ортопедии и травматологии взрослых ГУ «Институт травматологии и ортопедии НАМН Украины». Определено, что больные с дисфункцией подвздошно-крестцовых сочленений имеют достаточно большой удельный вес среди больных с ТПС (14,5 %). Доминирующим фактором у пациентов с дисфункцией подвздошно-крестцовых сочленений являются: асимметрия длины конечностей и гиперлордотическая осанка (83,3 %), что позволяет предположить патогенетическую связь между вариантом вертикальной осанки (гиперлордоз) и развитием дисфункции подвздошно-крестцовых сочленений. Доказана высокая эффективность лечебных блокад у больных с дисфункцией подвздошно-крестцовых сочленений при ТПС. Достигнуто значительное уменьшение болевого эффекта у 60 % больных при первичном и у 100 % — при повторном проведении лечебных блокад. Полученные в результаты проведенного исследования признаки могут быть включены в алгоритмы диагностики и лечения больных с ТПС.
Эффективность применения спиральной компьютерной томографии в диагностике опухолей костей таза
Authors: Solonitsyn Ye.О. , Protsenko V.V. , Mazevych V.B. , Konovalenko V.F.
Published: December 2020

Актуальность. Опухоли костей таза занимают шестое место среди всех первичных опухолей костей (около 16 %) и являются одной из сложных и малоизученных проблем костной онкологии, что не в последнюю очередь связано со сложным анатомическим строением таза человека. Цель: обосновать эффективность применения компьютерной томографии при выявлении опухолевого очага в костях таза; определить особенности методики контролируемой транскутанной пункционной биопсии для верификации нозологической формы опухоли. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ обследования 84 пациентов с опухолевым поражением костей таза путем визуализации и выполнения малоинвазивной биопсии под контролем спиральной компьютерной томографии. Результаты. Вследствие сложности диагностики данной патологии 54 (64,3 %) из всех пациентов при поступлении в клинику имели другой диагноз (остеомиелит, остеохондроз поясничного отдела позвоночника, люмбаго, невралгия, миозит, различные травматические повреждения). У 29 (34,5 %) пациентов компьютерная томография позволила определить деструкцию костной ткани переднего полукольца таза, у 53 (63,1 %) пациентов диагностирована опухоль в области крестцово-подвздошных сочленений или крестца, в 2 (2,4 %) случаях установлено травматическое повреждение костей таза, которое ошибочно принималось за опухолевый процесс. Гистологическую верификацию диагноза проводили путем контролируемой транскутанной пункционной биопсии, методика которой приведена и проиллюстрирована. Выводы. Компьютерная томография позволяет объективно оценить характер опухоли, ее размеры, степень разрушения костной ткани, а также прорастание опухоли в другие анатомические структуры, обеспечивает детальную оценку эффективности лечения в динамике. Выполнение малоинвазивной транскутанной биопсии под контролем компьютерной томографии в амбулаторных условиях дает возможность быстро поставить морфологический диагноз и сразу назначить этиологическое лечение, не теряя ценного времени.
Оцінка ефективності різних способів профілактики залізодефіцитних станів у дітей грудного віку
Authors: Bielykh N.А. , Pluhatarenko N.А. , Bokhan M.V. , Dobrokhotova H.V.
Published: December 2020

Мета: оцінити ефективність різних способів профілактики залізодефіцитних станів у дітей грудного віку. Матеріали та методи. У межах 30-кластерного регіонального епідеміологічного дослідження поширеності йодо- та залізодефіцитних станів у дітей було проведено аналіз результатів скринінгу на анемію 948 дітей, анкетування матерів, визначення концентрації заліза в грудному молоці. Ефективність профілактичних заходів оцінювали за показниками забезпеченості організму залізом у 96 дітей залежно від способу проведеної феропрофілактики. Результати дослідження. Встановлено, що застосування матір’ю під час лактації залізовмісних вітамінно-мінеральних комплексів не впливало на вміст заліза в грудному молоці. Доведено, що найефективнішим способом профілактики залізодефіцитних станів у дітей, які перебувають на виключно грудному вигодовуванні, є призначення сполуки гідроксиду заліза (III) з полімальтозою 1 мг/кг/добу протягом 2 місяців.
Прогнозування індивідуального ризику розвитку бронхіальної обструкції при гострих бронхітах у дітей раннього віку
Authors: Abaturov O.Ye. , Rusakova O.O.
Published: December 2020

Метою дослідження було визначення високоінформативних клініко-анамнестичних, імунологічних і молекулярно-генетичних факторів ризику розвитку бронхіальної обструкції при гострих бронхітах у дітей раннього віку.Методи. Вміст γ-інтерферону (IFN-γ), інтерлейкінів-4 (IL-4) та -13 (IL-13) у сироватці крові вивчався за допомогою імуноферментного аналізу, концентрація загального IgE — електрохемілюмінесцентного імуноаналізу. Рівень експресії фактора транскрипції NF-κB у лімфоцитах периферійної крові досліджували методом проточної цитометрії. Результати. Обстежено 80 дітей віком від 6 місяців до 3 років, хворих на гострий обструктивний бронхіт, та 40 дітей аналогічного віку з гострим простим бронхітом. Визначено фактори високого ризику та створена математична модель прогнозу формування бронхіальної обструкції при гострому бронхіті. Прогностичної значущості набули вік батька понад 38 років, затримка внутрішньоутробного розвитку, синдром дезадаптації, раннє штучне вигодовування, спадкова схильність до атопії, пасивне паління, лихоманка у поствакцинальному періоді, захворюваність на гострий обструктивний бронхіт в анамнезі та кількість його епізодів понад 2, паратрофія. Лихоманка до 37,7 °С, слабо виражений інтоксикаційний синдром до 3 діб, повільне носове дихання, IL-13 у межах 4,05–6,71 пг/мл і відносна кількість лімфоцитів, що експресують NF-kB, менша за 49,8 %, також були асоційовані з розвитком бронхіальної обструкції при гострому бронхіті.
Ставлення медичних працівників до імунопрофілактики й ефективність проведення ними санітарно-просвітницької роботи з питань активної імунізації серед населення
Authors: Abaturov O.Ye. , Siedunova O.V. , Agafonova O.O.
Published: December 2020

У статті наведено результати дослідження ставлення дільничних лікарів-педіатрів до імунопрофілактики та їх внесок у формування батьківського ставлення до вакцинації. Шляхом порівняння заходів, що проводилися лікарями, та рівня охоплення профілактичними щепленнями на їх дільницях установлені найбільш ефективні методи санітарно-просвітницької роботи серед батьків із питань активної імунізації дітей.
Патогенетические обоснования назначения муколитических средств при респираторных заболеваниях у детей
Authors: Yulish Ye.I.
Published: December 2020

В работе представлены механизмы формирования кашля и бронхиальной обструкции при поражениях респираторного тракта различного генеза. Особо рассмотрено влияние микробных биопленок на течение заболеваний. Предложены методы восстановления дренажной функции бронхов и патогенетическое обоснование выбора муколитического средства.
Газовая колика и флатуленция в детском возрасте: причины возникновения и методы коррекции
Authors: Belousova O.Yu.
Published: December 2020

В статье систематизирована имеющаяся на сегодняшний день медицинская информация, касающаяся вопросов метеоризма и флатуленции, и с учетом сегодняшних реалий обозначены максимально адекватные шаги, необходимые для коррекции этих состояний.
Сухий кашель у дітей: причини, особливості перебігу респіраторних захворювань та лікування
Authors: Marushko Yu.V. , Moscovenko O.D.
Published: December 2020

Сухий кашель є одним із перших симптомів багатьох захворювань органів дихання у дітей. Деякі захворювання інших органів та систем теж можуть супроводжуватись сухим кашлем. У будь-якому випадку вибір відхаркувальних чи протикашльових засобів залежить від встановленого діагнозу та особливостей кашлю при цьому захворюванні. Лікарські препарати на рослинній основі є ефективними та безпечними при лікуванні кашлю.
Топическая терапия острого фарингита у детей
Authors: Bolbot Yu.K.
Published: December 2020

В работе рассмотрены методы топической противовоспалительной терапии острого фарингита у детей. Приведены анализ комплекса механизмов (противовоспалительный, местноанальгезирующий) действия препарата Тантум Верде® и методы его применения.
Показатели регионарного кровотока в брюшном стволе детей с язвой двенадцатиперстной кишки
Authors: Sorokman T.V. , Cherney N.Ya.
Published: December 2020

Актуальность. Проблема язвенной болезни двенадцатиперстной кишки (ЯБДПК) у детей имеет медико-социальное значение, что определяется высоким ее распространением в наиболее значимые периоды роста и развития ребенка. Цель исследования — оценить показатели регионального кровотока в брюшном стволе детей с ЯБДПК. Материалы и методы. Комплексно обследовано 45 детей с ЯБДПК в возрасте 7–18 лет (основная группа) и 50 детей соответствующего возраста без патологии пищеварительной системы (группа сравнения). Исследование проводилось по общепринятым в клинике методикам. Ультразвуковое исследование регионарного кровотока (внутренний диаметр сосуда, линейные скорости кровотока, пиковая систолическая скорость кровотока, конечная диастолическая скорость кровотока, объемные скорости кровотока (Vоб), рассчитывался индекс резистентности (ИР)) проводилось детям с язвой в острую фазу, стадиях красного и белого рубца, через 6 месяцев после рубцевания язвы. Результаты. Установлено, что у здоровых детей после приема пищи диаметр брюшного ствола изменяется незначительно — ±8–14 % от исходных значений. Изменения показателей линейной скорости кровотока после приема пищи у здоровых детей отличаются высокой вариабельностью и разнонаправленной динамикой. Колебания ИР не превышают ±10 %, и у большинства (86,1 %) пациентов его значения снижаются. В постпрандиальный период Vоб повышается. Через 30 мин после стандартного завтрака у здоровых детей наблюдается увеличение диаметра брюшного ствола. В фазу белого рубца регистрировалось статистически достоверное (t = 2,97, р < 0,01) уменьшение диаметра брюшного ствола, снижение объемного кровотока (t = 3,19, р < 0,05) на 20,6 %, одновременно регистрировалось увеличение ИР (t = 2,89, р < 0,01). Выводы. Изменения гемодинамики в области брюшного ствола могут служить предикторами как развития язвы, так и возможного обострения заболевания, в связи с чем в план обследования пациентов, страдающих ЯБДПК, необходимо включать динамическое гемодинамическое исследование сосудов брюшной полости, которые питают гастродуоденальную зону.