bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WYBRANE PROBLEMY STEROWANIA POKŁADOWYMI SYSTEMAMI PRĄDU STAŁEGO I PRZEMIENNEGO
Authors: Gębura Andrzej , Tokarski Tomasz
Published: August 2015

Artykuł ujmuje kompleksowo problem współpracy pokładowych źródeł energii elektrycznej statku powietrznego z elektryczną siecią pokładową. Szczególną uwagę autorzy przywiązali do uwarunkowań związanych z poprawnym załączaniem pokładowych źródeł energii elektrycznej. Omówiono strukturalne zabezpieczenia źródeł energii elektrycznej przed szkodliwym oddziaływaniem odbiorników, jak i niepoprawnie działających źródeł na odbiorniki oraz niektóre sposoby przeciwdziałania tym zjawiskom. Poznanie tych relacji umożliwi podjęcie przez użytkownika działań, które mogą wpłynąć na zmniejszanie awaryjności pokładowej sieci elektroenergetycznej i zapewnienie zasilania odbiorników energii elektrycznej we wszystkich warunkach lotu. Od poprawności ich działania zależy poprawność funkcjonowania pokładowej sieci elektroenergetycznej. Autorzy starali się ujmować wszystkie problemy w sposób możliwie uniwersalny, aby rozważania tu zawarte mogły służyć pomocą podczas analizy defektów na różnych statkach powietrznych.
Structural power and political science in the post-crisis era
Authors: Culpepper Pepper D.
Published: August 2015

This essay highlights productive ways in which scholars have reanimated the concept of structural power to explain puzzles in international and comparative politics. Past comparative scholarship stressed the dependence of the state on holders of capital, but it struggled to reconcile this supposed dependence with the frequent losses of business in political battles. International relation (IR) scholars were attentive to the power of large states, but mainstream IR neglected the ways in which the structure of global capitalism makes large companies international political players in their own right. To promote a unified conversation between international and comparative political economy, structural power is best conceptualized as a set of mutual dependencies between business and the state. A new generation of structural power research is more attentive to how the structure of capitalism creates opportunities for some companies (but not others) vis-à-vis the state, and the ways in which that structure creates leverage for some states (but not others) to play off companies against each other. Future research is likely to put agents – both states and large firms – in the foreground as political actors, rather than showing how the structure of capitalism advantages all business actors in the same way against non-business actors.
Direct sprayed endothelialization, basement membrane and cell junction development on biological and artificial products are highly substrate-dependent and require optimized biofunctionalization
Authors: Klopsch Christian , Ludwig Marion , Skorska Anna , Zacher Loni , Jerke Max , Luderer Frank , Arbeiter Daniela , Grabow Niels , Michael Thomas , Gaebel Ralf , Lux Cornelia , Mela Petra , Jockenhoevel Stefan , Prall Friedrich , David Robert , Steinhoff Gustav
Published: August 2015

Optimizing endothelialization of medical implants requires deep mechanistic insight into cellular adhesion, cell junction and physiological basement membrane development at the endothelial cell-to-scaffold substrate interface.

We employed and standardized endothelial cells and fibrin hydrogel for simultaneous cell-plus-fibrin (EC-Fib) spray application using the Maslanka

Direct sprayed endothelialization outlined the necessity for preconditioning acellular SynerGraft
Rapid detection of non-deletional mutations causing α-thalassemia by multicolor melting curve analysis
Authors: Huang Qiuying , Wang Xudong , Tang Ning , Zhu Chunjiang , Yan Tizhen , Chen Ping , Li Qingge
Published: August 2015

The assay consisted of one pair of primers specific for the

The assay had a reproducibility of 100%, could detect gDNA of different genotype as low as 1 ng per reaction, and had an overall accuracy of 100% when compared with RDB analysis and Sanger sequencing.

The developed assay is rapid, robust, and cost-effective while maintaining high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput.
Fluvoxamine-associated oscillopsia and a role for personalized medication dosing
Authors: Singman Eric L. , Hocum Brian , Yohannan Jithin , Pearson Virginia
Published: August 2015

A 60-year-old woman reported horizontal “shimmering” movement while reading crossword puzzles when using fluvoxamine, bupropion, quetiapine, lithium, and levothyroxine. This visual disturbance, likely oscillopsia, started after the fluvoxamine was added and waned as the fluvoxamine was tapered, disappearing after the drug was discontinued. Genetic testing to explore how the patient metabolizes these medications combined with YouScript® interaction analysis suggest that she may have had abnormally high plasma concentrations of fluvoxamine during this time. Oscillopsia may be a novel dose-dependent side effect of fluvoxamine. Genetic testing combined with YouScript has the potential to discover novel drug side effects, elucidate drug interactions and guide future prescribing decisions.
Checklists to prevent diagnostic errors: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ely John W. , Graber Mark A.
Published: August 2015

Background: Many diagnostic errors are caused by premature closure of the diagnostic process. To help prevent premature closure, we developed checklists that prompt physicians to consider all reasonable diagnoses for symptoms that commonly present in primary care.

Methods: We enrolled 14 primary care physicians and 100 patients in a randomized clinical trial. The study took place in an emergency department (5 physicians) and a same-day access clinic (9 physicians). The physicians were randomized to usual care vs. diagnostic checklist. After completing the history and physical exam, checklist physicians read aloud a differential diagnosis checklist for the chief complaint. The primary outcome was diagnostic error, which was defined as a discrepancy between the diagnosis documented at the acute visit and the diagnosis based on a 1-month follow-up phone call and record review.

Results: There were 17 diagnostic errors. The mean error rate among the seven checklist physicians was not significantly different from the rate among the seven usual-care physicians (11.2% vs. 17.8%; p=0.46). In a post-hoc subgroup analysis, emergency physicians in the checklist group had a lower mean error rate than emergency physicians in the usual-care group (19.1% vs. 45.0%; p=0.04). Checklist physicians considered more diagnoses than usual-care physicians during the patient encounters (6.5 diagnoses [SD 4.2] vs. 3.4 diagnoses [SD 2.0], p<0.001).

Conclusions: Checklists did not improve the diagnostic error rate in this study. However further development and testing of checklists in larger studies may be warranted.
Ultraviolet high-transmitting cross-linked polymer materials derived from mercaptopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
Authors: Fuqian Sun , Xiaoyu Wang , Zhaoyang Deng , Guoping Zeng
Published: August 2015

In this paper, several cross-linked polymer materials with high light-transmitting properties are presented. First, mercaptopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-SH) was synthesized via the hydrolytic condensation of 3-mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane. Then, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and allylmethacrylate were allowed to polymerize with POSS-SH, yielding a hybridized composite. The volumetric shrinkage, thermal, and light-transmitting properties of the materials were studied and investigated using a pycnometer, differential scanning calorimeter, and ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. The results indicated that POSS-SH decreased the volumetric shrinkage of the GMA-based materials. Thermal analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature (T
g) of the hybrid composite decreased as the POSS-SH content increased, while the T
c and T
m of the hybrid composite increased slightly. The light transmittance of the hybrid composite increased as the POSS-SH content increased. When the POSS-SH content increased to 42.9%, the hybrid composite exhibited average light transmittance values of 96% at wavelengths ranging from 200 to 400 nm and 97% at wavelengths ranging from 400 to 800 nm.
The Fundraising Disadvantages Confronting American Political Parties
Authors: Baker Anne
Published: August 2015

In the wake of the Bi-Partisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002 and subsequent rulings by the Supreme Court, American political parties face greater regulation than interest groups in terms of their ability to finance federal elections. While parties continue to be constrained by contribution limits, nearly all interest groups can now raise and spend money in unlimited amounts to influence elections. Further, many new groups formed to take advantage of these legal changes. Few studies address the ramifications of these developments for political parties’ fundraising capabilities. To see whether these disadvantages hamper party fundraising, I examine parties’ direct fundraising costs overtime and I use structural equation analysis to investigate the giving habits of party donors overtime. I find the fundraising cost of each dollar raised has risen and habitual party donors provide significant support to Super PACs. Habitual party donors have also become less consistent givers in the Democratic Party. I discuss the relationship of these findings to changes in party fundraising tactics and their implications for future efforts by the parties to maintain their revenue streams.
Return to Spender: The Electoral Connection’s Effect on Veto Challenges and Overrides
Authors: Bridge Dave
Published: August 2015

This paper uses assumptions about position taking and credit claiming to help predict when Congress will challenge and override a presidential veto. Using assumptions about position taking and credit claiming to generate measurable hypotheses, I find that vetoes on spending bills are 13.0 percentage points more likely to be challenged and 13.1 percentage points more likely to be overridden. Furthermore, spending vetoes are more likely to be overridden when congressional elections are nearing. The results confirm that the electoral connection not only explains individual behavior, but can also help predict institutional outcomes.
Ideological Migration in Partisan Strongholds: Evidence from a Quantitative Case Study
Authors: Lütjen Torben , Matschoß Robert
Published: August 2015

Geographic sorting of the electorate along partisan lines has received increased attention by scholars following the publication of Bill Bishop’s and Robert Cushing’s
The relationship between fluid intelligence and learning potential: Is there an interaction with attentional control?
Authors: Filičková Marta , Ropovik Ivan , Bobaková Monika , Kovalčíková Iveta
Published: August 2015

The main aim of the study was to explore the relationship between fluid intelligence (gf), attentional control (AC), and learning potential (LP), and to investigate the interaction effect between gf and AC on LP. The sample comprised 210 children attending the fourth grade of a standard elementary school. It was hypothesized that the extent of the association between gf and LP depends on the level of attentional control, so that a low level of AC would weaken or possibly break that link, while a high level of AC would facilitate the employment of fluid general ability in learning situations. The results show that there was a moderate relationship between the measures of gf and LP, while gf was not found to be related to AC. Regarding the hypothesized interaction effect, the data suggested that the relationship between learning potential and fluid intelligence is invariant regarding the level of attentional control in the sample. Possible reasons for the lack of a moderation effect are discussed.
The development of a new method of idiographic measurement for dynamic assessment intervention
Authors: Hurley Emma , Murphy Raegan
Published: August 2015

This paper proposes a new method of idiographic measurement for dynamic assessment (DA) intervention. There are two main methods of measurement for DA intervention; split -half tests and integrated scoring systems. Split-half tests of ability have proved useful from a research perspective. Integrated scoring systems coupled with case studies are useful from a practitioner perspective. The purpose of this research is to bridge the gap between research and practice by developing a methodology that is compatible with both. To this end the paper proposes a measureable idiographic method of measurement, which utilises multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and general procrustean analysis (GPA) to analyse the result of card-sort data gathered from a learner across the entire intervention. This approach provides a method of assessment, which is both compatible with individual intervention and suited to building a body of evidence-based research for DA. An example of the method in practice is given for illustrative purposes. The initial results suggest that this approach provides a methodology that satisfies the requirements of both practitioners when formulating targeted intervention and researchers who require methods of measurement of change in ability of the individual over time.
Groundwater quality and hydrogeological characteristics of Malacca state in Malaysia
Authors: Shirazi Sharif Moniruzzaman , Adham Md. Ibrahim , Zardari Noorul Hassan , Ismail Zubaidah , Imran Hosen Md , Mangrio Munir Ahmed
Published: August 2015

Groundwater quality and aquifer productivity of Malacca catchment in Peninsular Malaysia are presented in this article. Pumping test data were collected from 210 shallow and 17 deep boreholes to get well inventory information. Data analysis confirmed that the aquifers consisting of schist, sand, limestone and volcanic rocks were the most productive aquifers for groundwater in Malacca state. GIS-based aquifer productivity map was generated based on bedrock and discharge capacity of the aquifers. Aquifer productivity map is classified into three classes, namely high, moderate and low based on discharge capacity. Groundwater potential of the study area is 35, 57 and 8% of low, moderate and high class respectively. Fifty two shallow and 14 deep aquifer groundwater samples were analyzed for water quality. In some cases, groundwater quality analysis indicated that the turbidity, total dissolved solids, iron, chloride and cadmium concentrations exceeded the limit of drinking water quality standards.
Criteria for the evaluation of reclamation status of soils in the Mugan-Salyan massif
Authors: Mustafayev Mustafa Gilman
Published: August 2015

Thorough information about the reclamation status of soils based on complex studies carried out in the Mugan-Salyan massif are given in the article. Based on results of recent studies on the evaluation of reclamation status, soils were divided into 4-categories and the reasons behind each division and contemporary status were shown. Soils over Mugan-Salyan massif were evaluated with respect to all parameters and results were set up in a table. The evaluation allowed to prepare suggestions for farm owner on how to increase soil fertility.
Impact of climate fluctuations on the spring runoff regime with regard to rivers in Lithuania
Authors: Bagdžiūnaitė-Litvinaitienė Lina , Litvinaitis Andrius
Published: August 2015

The article describes the impact of fluctuations in climatic factors on hydrological processes. The analysis of climate and hydrology covers two periods, the first up to 1996 and the second from 1981 to 2012. Study object includes 22 river basins situated on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: 1000 km2, up to 10 000 km2and bigger. The study involved Mann–Kendall, Spearman's and linear regression tests. Causal relationships, as criteria that may fundamentally change the runoff regime set up by climatic factors, were established by evaluating the size of the river basin and assessing the spread of sediments, lakes, swamps and forests in the river basin. The analysis of data from the last thirty years disclosed that, with reference to the previously obtained information, floods in lakes became substantially reduced. Nevertheless, within the winter period of recent years, temperatures prevented lakes from acting as water reservoirs. The paper examined and defined the impact of sediments on variations in the runoff regime. For the period of the last thirty years, cut-off dates, i.e. flood start, crest and end, have advanced.
On graded P-compactly packed modules
Authors: Al-Zoubi Khaldoun , Jaradat Imad , Al-Dolat Mohammed
Published: August 2015

Let G be a group with identity e. Let R be a G-graded commutative ring and M a graded R-module.
In this paper, we introduce the concept of graded P-compactly packed modules and we give a number of results
concerning such graded modules. In fact, our objective is to investigate graded P-compactly packed modules and
examine in particular when graded R-modules are P-compactly packed. Finally, we introduce the concept of graded
finitely P-compactly packed modules and give a number of its properties.
Comparative Karyotype Analysis Of Slugs Of The Genus Arion (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Arionidae)
Authors: Harbar A. V. , Kadlubovska N. S. , Harbar D. A.
Published: August 2015

Karyotypes of four species of the genus Arion were investigated, namely, A. distinctus (2n = 48m + 8sm = 56; FN = 112), A. lusitanicus s. l. (2n = 4 4m + 6 sm + 2st = 52; FN = 104), A. fuscus (n = 26, 2n = 52, FN = 104) and A. fasciatus (n = 29, 2n = 58, FN = 116). The karyotype of A. lusitanicus s. l. was identical to those of A. fuscus, A. ater and A. rufus. The karyotype of A. fasciatus in the haploid number of chromosomes is identical to another close species — A. circumscriptus (n = 29) from the United Kingdom. The identical number of chromosomes in species of the subgenus Arion (A. lusitanicus s. l., A. ater, A. rufus) and species of the subgenus Mesarion (A. fuscus) (n = 26) may be a reason for their merging.
Some Factors Behind Density Dynamics Of Bat Flies (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) — Ectoparasites Of The Boreal Chiropterans: Omitted Predictors And Hurdle Model Identification
Authors: Orlova M. V. , Kshnyasev I. A. , Orlov O. L. , Zhigalin A. V.
Published: August 2015

We investigated density dynamics of three bat flies species (Diptera, Nycteribiidae):Penicillidia monocerosSpeiser, 1900,Nycteribia quasiocellata(Theodor, 1966),Basilia rybini(Hurka, 1969) parasitized on two host species: pond bat,Myotis dasycneme(Boie, 1825), and eastern water bat,Myotis petaxHollister, 1912. Females ofM. dasycnemehave 3.4 (95 % CI 1.4–8.3) times higher odds of being infested, and in 2.4 (1.5–3.7) times higher average number ofP. monocerosthan males. Similarly, females ofM. petaxhave 1.7 (1.2–2.4) times higher density ofN. quasiocellataand/orB. rybini. We hypothesized an existence of host-sex-recognition mechanism in bat flies, providing it fine “ecological profit” due to sex-biased dispersal among adult host during wintering and the chance to infested a host offspring later (in summer). The decrease (due to mortality or emigration) in density of bat flies can be described as simple harmonic or S-shaped curve, and its “step” apparently corresponds to time of host pairing.
Distribution Of The Freshwater Snail Species Fagotia (Gastropoda, Melanopsidae) In Ukraine According To Climatic Factors. I. Fagotia Esperi
Authors: Tytar V. , Makarova N.
Published: August 2015

Maximum entropy niche modeling was employed as a tool to assess potential habitat suitability for the freshwater snail F. esperi (Férussac, 1823) in Ukraine for both contemporary climatic conditions and conditions projected for 2050. Of the 19 bioclimatic predictor variables used in the modeling, the “mean temperature seosonality” “mean temperature of driest quarter” and “precipitation of warmest quarter” were the three most important in predicting habitat suitability and distribution of this mollusk species.
Thermal Properties of the One-Dimensional Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau Oscillator Using Hurwitz Zeta Function
Authors: Boumali Abdelamelk
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we investigated the thermodynamics properties of the one-dimensional Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau oscillator by using the Hurwitz zeta function method. In particular, we calculated the following main thermal quantities: the free energy, the total energy, the entropy, and the specific heat. The Hurwitz zeta function allowed us to compute the vacuum expectation value of the energy of our oscillator.
119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy of solvothermally synthesized fluorides ASnF3 (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs)
Authors: Gerke Birgit , Tran Thanh Thao , Pöttgen Rainer , Halasyamani P. Shiv
Published: August 2015

The complex Sn(II) fluorides ASnF3 (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs) were synthesized from the alkali fluorides and SnF2 in methanol through a solvothermal route. Their 119Sn Mössbauer spectra manifest divalent tin. The isomer shifts range from 3.09 to 2.94 mm s–1. The pronounced lone-pair character at the Sn(II) centres is expressed by strong electric quadrupole splitting (1.91–1.95 mm s–1). The two, respectively four crystallographically independent tin sites in NaSnF3, KSnF3 and RbSnF3 could not be resolved in the 119Sn spectra.
Brain Amino Acid Abnormalities in Liver Disease—A Postmortem Study
Authors: Musshoff F , Schmidt P , Madea B , Schoenemeier S , Buerrig K , Jacob B , Bonte W , Daldrup T
Published: August 2015

In a postmortem exploratory study, we examined whether specific amino acid abnormalities associated with liver diseases in vivo may also be detected in human brain samples obtained at clinical autopsies. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: valine, leucine, isoleucine) were decreased in the group of patients with liver diseases compared with the control group, whereas the aromatic amino acids (AAA: phenylalanine, tyrosine) were increased. However, the ranges overlapped significantly and were not statistically different. The molar ratio BCAA/AAA was determined to be 1.92 in the collection of patients with liver diseases compared with 2.27 in the control group. In patients with liver disease, ornithine concentrations in the brain appeared significantly decreased whereas glutamine was significantly increased. No significant difference was found in the brain concentrations of proline. Amino acid analysis may contribute to the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of liver disease, which are discussed, and may supplement the postmortem diagnosis.
Anal Findings in Sexual Abuse of Children (A Descriptive Study)
Authors: Bruni M
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study was to assess anal physical findings in children whose abuse was admitted by the perpetrator. Fifty children were studied in whom medical assessment took place remote in time from anal abuse which was admitted by the perpetrator. Medical assessment included examination to detect the presence of anal physical signs. Most frequent signs were anal scars and tags (either single or multiple) present, respectively, in 84 and 32% of cases. In some cases scars extended to the perianal region. Other signs included reflex anal dilatation (RAD) and venous congestion (VC) found, separately or associated with other signs, in over 33% of the cases. In 6% of the cases there were no abnormal anal findings.

The results confirm earlier reports that physical signs, including scars, tags, RAD, funneled anus and extensive venous congestion, are often present in abused children, singly or in combination, and that anal examination should be undertaken even months after a known or suspected sexual assault. In the legal setting these physical signs are seen in association with anal abuse and support the child's statement. They do not per se provide proof of abuse.
Pharmacogenomics as an Aspect of Molecular Autopsy for Forensic Pathology/Toxicology: Does Genotyping CYP 2D6 Serve as an Adjunct for Certifying Methadone Toxicity?
Authors: Wong SH , Wagner MA , Jentzen JM , Schur C , Bjerke J , Gock SB , Chang C
Published: August 2015

Pharmacogenomics, applied as an aspect of molecular autopsy, may be used as an adjunct for certifying methadone fatalities. Methadone is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A2, 3A4, and 2D6. We hypothesized that methadone toxicity may be partially due to CYP 2D6 *3, *4, and *5 variant alleles, resulting in poor drug metabolism. A retrospective analysis was performed on covariables and risk factors of 21 methadone cases from the Milwaukee County Medical Examiner's Office (1998–2000). PCR genotyping showed: one heterozygous for 2D6*3, two homozygous for 2D6*4, five heterozygous for 2D6*4, and one heterozygous for both 2D6*3 and *4. This limited number of cases showed that the prevalence of poor metabolizer was higher but not significantly different from that of a control group (n = 23) (P > 0.05, Fisher Exact Test). Thus, CYP 2D6 mutations may not yet be directly associated with methadone toxicity. However, pharmacogenomics, complementing other case findings, served as an adjunct in interpreting methadone toxicity of poor and intermediate metabolizers.
A Clustering Algorithm Using DNA Marker Information for Sub-Pedigree Reconstruction
Authors: Cowell RG , Mostad P
Published: August 2015

In a mass disaster scenario in which many people are dead, it may be that small family groups are among the dead, and investigators may need to identify such groups, e.g., to return bodies to living relatives for burial. We consider the problem of identifying small groups of closely related people within a large group of people through the use of DNA marker information. We propose a likelihood-ratio-based distance measure of the relatedness between pairs of individuals and use an estimate of this measure as a means of clustering related people into groups. We show the effectiveness of our approach on real examples and through simulations, which suggest that the method is quite reliable for identifying very close relationships. We discuss the use of our clustering algorithm in a two-stage pedigree reconstruction procedure and suggest directions in which the analysis could be extended. Applications include the identification of family groups among bodies found in mass graves and identification of family groups in animal populations.
Planned Complex Suicide by Self-Poisoning and a Manipulated Blank Revolver: Remarkable Findings Due to Multiple Gunshot Wounds and Self-Made Wooden Projectiles
Authors: Padosch AS , Schmidt PH , Madea B
Published: August 2015

A remarkable case of complex suicide with poisoning and multiple self-inflicted gunshot wounds to the head is reported. After ingestion of a liquid insecticide, the victim shot himself twice in the head, once in each temple. Self-manufactured wooden dowels were used as projectiles in combination with conventional blank cartridges. The dowels had been glued on top of the blank cartridges and expelled by propellant gases. Moreover, the blank revolver used had been extensively manipulated in a rarely observed manner. Several occlusive devices had been removed from the barrel and the cylinder chamber to enable the expulsion of the wooden projectiles. The investigation of the methods used and the circumstances found at the scene pointed towards a planned complex suicide. A remarkable case with unusual projectiles, i.e., wooden dowels, fired by an extensively manipulated blank gun is reported, emphasizing the importance of close collaboration between the police firearm laboratory and forensic pathology in practical casework.
Extraction and Analysis of Human Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA from Electron Beam Irradiated Envelopes
Authors: Withrow AG , Sikorsky J , Upshaw Downs JC , Fenger T
Published: August 2015

The United States Postal Service is considering methods such as electron beam irradiation to neutralize biological agents sent through the mail. While this is proven to reduce/eliminate pathogenic organisms, it may also degrade human genomic DNA and therefore hinder the ability to garner forensically informative genetic profiles. To determine the effects of electron beam irradiation on DNA typing, 16 white, standard letter-sized envelopes were licked. Half of the envelopes served as nonirradiated controls while the other half underwent irradiation at dosages sufficient to kill anthrax spores (29.3 and 51.6 kGy). Total cellular DNA was extracted from all envelopes; nuclear short tandem repeat loci, as well as the hypervariable region I from mitochondrial DNA, were amplified by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Short tandem repeat profiles and mitochondrial DNA sequence haplotypes were acquired on an ABI Prism® 310 Genetic Analyzer platform. Analysis of data from irradiated samples revealed evidence of DNA degradation; however, the ability to construct full genetic profiles from both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA remained largely unaffected. The use of the polymerase chain reaction, coupled with florescent fragment analysis and mitochondrial DNA sequencing, should be considered to profile biological material from evidence enduring irradiation to inactivate infectious agents.
Using Hydrophilic Adhesive Tape for Collection of Evidence for Forensic DNA Analysis
Authors: Li RC , Harris HA
Published: August 2015

Known exemplar samples of human DNA have traditionally been body fluids, such as blood, saliva, and semen. In each case, the presence of water is a risk for the bacterial growth, which may degrade the DNA evidence. In this study, the authors have developed a method that employed a hydrophilic adhesive tape (HAT) for collecting DNA evidence. The HAT method was used to remove surface cells from relatively hairless areas on the body. The area examined were ankle, arm, behind the ear, between fingers and back of the neck. The HAT was then dissolved in the extraction buffer. DNA typing was performed at vWA, TH01, F13A1, and FES loci using the short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. Our results show that the samples collected from ear give the best results with a success rate of 100%. All subjects tested by this method had known STR genotypes established from buccal swabs. The authors' results suggest that the HAT method can be used as a less invasive method for collecting biological evidence for forensic DNA analysis. In addition, this collection method should reduce the risk of DNA degradation due to the moisture, which is encountered using conventional collecting methods.
Y-Chromosome STR Haplotypes in a Han Ethnic Group of Chinese Population
Authors: Shi MS , Tang JP , Zhang HJ , Ying BW , Deng JQ , Yan J , Li YB , Wu J , Hou YP , Lin W
Published: August 2015

Blood samples were obtained from 120 healthy unrelated males from the Han ethnic group in Chengdu of China. The DNA was extracted by using Chelex 100 protocol as described by Walsh et al. (1). The allelic variation at the three Y-STR loci, named as DYS447, DYS449 and DYS450, were analyzed by PCR amplification system. Each PCR reaction was performed in a 37.5 µL containing 2-10 ng DNA, 1 X Taq buffer, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 200 RM each dNTP (Pharmacia Biotech, Sweden), 1.5 U Taq polymerase (NEB, UK), 0.3 RM each primer in a Perkin-Elmer 9600 thermocycler (ABI, Foster City, CA). The PCR products were analyzed by horizontal non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with discontinuous buffer system and visualized by silver staining (2). Alleles were designated according to recommendation of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (3). The gene diversities, the haplotypes diversity and the standard errors of diversity were calculated in accordance with Hou's method (4).
Review of: Handbook of Polygraph Testing
Authors: Horvath F
Published: August 2015

For as long as human beings have deceived one another, people have tried to develop ways to detect lies and uncover the truth." This statement, by the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, appeared in a recent (2002) report describing their survey and analysis of the published research on the polygraph and lie detection. The fact that such a prestigious body undertook an evaluation (Notwithstanding the quite large sum of money provided for the review!) shows, as the preceding quotation suggests, the importance of the field of "lie detection" to all human interactions, social, legal, political and other domains. Deceit and its detection, are a part of life. (Not just human life, of course.) But, is it really possible to detect human deception with the use of a polygraph instrument, a so-called, "lie detector?" The NAS report was not very encouraging in this regard, though it did restrict almost all of its conclusions to polygraph usage for "security screening" purposes. It did not focus on forensic applications, where polygraph testing commonly plays a role in helping to resolve criminal investigations. In fact, it may well be that such testing is more widely used in the U.S. for that purpose than almost all other forensic techniques. What do we know about such testing and how might we evaluate its effectiveness? This book is the most recent of the handful in polygraphy-a field in which there has been relatively little scholarly (writing and research) attention.
Soft-bottom polychaetes from the Brazilian harbors of Mucuripe and Pecém (state of Ceará) and Santos (state of São Paulo)
Authors: Buruaem Lucas Moreira , Petti Mônica Angélica Varella , Abessa Denis Moledo de Souza
Published: August 2015

The analysis of polychaete fauna from 20 soft-bottom samples collected in different shallow sectors of Mucuripe, Pecém and Santos harbors provided a list of 34 different taxa, totaling 366 individuals. A comparison with recent published data revealed the first occurrence of two polychaete genera and 10 species in Ceará state. Distribution by station, depth and type of sediment was also provided. Despite the considerable knowledge of polychaete fauna from the coast of Brazil especially in the southeastern region, little attention has been given to the harbor areas, which are under influence of anthropogenic impacts. This study represents an important inventory of polychaete fauna found in three harbors from the northeastern (Mucuripe and Pecém, State of Ceará) and southeastern (Santos, state of São Paulo) regions of Brazilian coast.
First record of Pithophora oedogonia (Montagne) Wittrock (Pithophoraceae) in the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil
Authors: Algarte Vanessa Majewski , Dunck Bárbara , Bichoff Andressa , Rodrigues Liliana
Published: August 2015

Pithophora is the only genus recorded of the Pithophoraceae family in Brazil. Pithophora specimens were found close to banks of Hydrilla verticillata (L.F.) Royle in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. The specimens showed intercalary akinetes isospores in the same individual and morphologic similarities with Pithophora oedogonia reported in previous studies. This species constitutes a new citation for the Upper Paraná River floodplain and the third report for Brazil.
Betrachtungen und Empfehlungen zur artgemäßen und tierschutzgerechten Haltung von Straußenvögeln in Deutschland
Authors: Schubert M. , Erhard M. , Wöhr C. , Bergmann S. , Rückschloss S. , Thiel S. , Engelhardt H. , Engelhardt S. , Korbel R.
Published: August 2015

Die Straußenhaltung in Deutschland verzeichnet weiterhin ein Wachstum. Strauße werden hierbei als landwirtschaftliche Nutztiere (Fleisch-, Leder-, Eierproduktion), als Schautiere, als Hobbytiere sowie in Tiergärten gehalten. In den letzten Jahren konnten hinsichtlich einer tierschutz- und artgerechten Haltung auf wissenschaftlicher Basis große Kenntniszugewinne erzielt werden, die auch für andere Straußenvögel wie Emus und Nandus von Relevanz sind. Beschrieben werden die zu berücksichtigenden rechtlichen Vorgaben sowie Empfehlungen zur praktischen Umsetzung.
Feral Rye (Secale cereale) Control in Winter Canola in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Young Frank L. , Whaley Dale K. , Lawrence Nevin C. , Burke Ian C.
Published: August 2015

In the Pacific Northwest (PNW), feral rye is a predominant winter annual grass weed in the low-rainfall region where a winter wheat–summer fallow rotation has been practiced for more than 130 yr. Recently, producers began including winter canola in their rotation, which provides additional herbicide options to control feral rye. A 3-yr study was conducted in Washington to determine the efficacy of clethodim, quizalofop, and glyphosate on feral rye control and winter canola yield. During the first year of the study herbicides were applied in the spring, and they increased canola yield and decreased feral rye biomass, density, and seed production similarly when compared with the nontreated control. During the last 2 yr of the study, split applications of quizalofop and glyphosate were the most effective treatments for controlling rye (> 95%) and increasing canola yield. In general, clethodim was less effective than both quizalofop and glyphosate in controlling feral rye. Results from this study indicate that quizalofop in conventional or glyphosate-resistant winter canola and glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant winter canola can effectively control feral rye.
Contracting with Feedback
Authors: Lin Tse-chun , Liu Qi , Sun Bo
Published: August 2015

We study the effect of financial market conditions on managerial compensation structure. First, we analyze the optimal pay-for-performance in a model in which corporate decisions and firm value are both endogenous to trading due to feedback from information contained in stock prices. In a less frictional financial market, the improved information content of stock prices helps guide managerial decisions, and this information substitutes out part of the direct incentive provision from compensation contracts. Thus, the optimal pay-for-performance is lowered in response to reductions in market frictions. Second, we test our theory using two quasi-natural experiments and find evidence that is consistent with the theory. Our results indicate that the financial market environment plays an important role in shaping CEO compensation structure.
Alina Reyes — A traição do anagrama
Authors: Mourão Cleonice Paes Barreto
Published: August 2015

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Carrinho de rolimã
Authors: Rocha Maria de Fátima
Published: August 2015

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A viagem
Authors: Ramalho Márcia
Published: August 2015

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Travessia em Guimarães Rosa — a poesia, o rio, a vida e a morte
Authors: Claver Ronald , Bueno Antônio Sérgio
Published: August 2015

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Componência
Authors: Costa Antônio Carlos Gomes da
Published: August 2015

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Grito do mar
Authors: Medeiros Charles Magno
Published: August 2015

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Poema para Joaquim Cardozo
Authors: Alves Luiz Carlos
Published: August 2015

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Poema de a(mor-te)mpo
Authors: Frediani Magda
Published: August 2015

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Do ato de amar Cyrilla
Authors: Neves Regina Lúcia Ferreira
Published: August 2015

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O mercador de pessíntia
Authors: Lyon Sandra
Published: August 2015

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Cão laporte
Authors: Lima Geraldo Félix
Published: August 2015

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Estruturas
Authors: Emediato Luiz Fernando De Souza
Published: August 2015

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Offertorium
Authors: Azevedo Maria da Graça Britto de
Published: August 2015

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Sonhos alados
Authors: Claver Ronald
Published: August 2015

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Estreita estrada
Authors: Emediato Luiz Fernando De Souza
Published: August 2015

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1616 Canavial
Authors: Andrade Júnior Carlos Maurício De
Published: August 2015

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Os sobreviventes
Authors: Gomes Eugênio
Published: August 2015

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Noturno
Authors: Medeiros Charles Magno
Published: August 2015

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O rato
Authors: Bianchini Orlando
Published: August 2015

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Leitura e escrita nas redes sociais
Authors: Ferreira Aridelson
Published: August 2015

Este artigo faz parte de um trabalho mais amplo que busca compreender como se dão a leitura e a escrita nas redes sociais twitter e facebook. O objetivo principal é saber se nossos professores estão preparados e dispostos a utilizar tais redes como recursos para incentivar a leitura e escrita. A metodologia utilizada baseouse em entrevistas com professores, através de uma pergunta feita pelo sistema de mensagens da rede social facebook. Os resultados mostraram a falta de preparo dos docentes, além da resistência de alguns em adotar as novas tecnologias. Os resultados também mostraram que os vícios de linguagem, as propagandas e outras dificuldades oriundas da utilização das redes sociais podem tornar-se obstáculos caso os alunos não recebam orientação de um profissional bem preparado e motivado para adotar as novas tecnologias como ferramentas educacionais.
Managing natural resources for their human values
Authors: Smith M. J. , Drake P. L. , Vogwill R. , McCormick C. A.
Published: August 2015

Species composition and structure are important properties that can influence the extent to which people value a natural element. Hence these two properties can provide a means to directly manage natural elements to meet values‐based goals. With this principle in mind, we studied soil seed bank assembly in two wetland vegetation elements recognized for their science/education, opportunity and system benefit values. Because seed banks drive the composition and structure associated with a vegetation element, which in turn influence human value satisfaction, variance partitioning modeling was used to determine which combination of filters best described patterns in the seed bank beta diversity. A combination of abiotic (soil permeability and soil salinity) and spatial filters with several interactions were the best descriptors of beta diversity, particularly for one vegetation element (wetland 1). Within the remaining vegetation element (wetland 2), a much greater diversity of weed species was observed. Based on the different patterns in diversity, including the links between these patterns, particular filters, and associated processes, we propose that the two vegetation elements, despite their close proximity to each other, are on diverging reassembly pathways. To manage the vegetation elements such that they maintain their values, we suggest hydrological processes are controlled to ensure that soil salinity does not increase dramatically. Dramatic increases in salinity will decrease element value by reducing vegetation diversity and plant community structure. We also stress the importance of understanding and managing processes that effect within‐element dispersal and invasion by weeds. Here we demonstrate a general approach to inform the management of natural resources. It is important to identify, understand, and manage the filters (and associated processes) that restrict observable patterns in the properties that influence element value, sensu rules to manage the human valuation of natural elements.
Optimization of a Large Polymer Flood With Full-Field Streamline Simulation
Authors: Choudhuri Biswajit , Thakuria Chandan , Belushi Abdul Aziz , Nurzaman Zamzam , Hashmi Khalid Al , Batycky Rod
Published: August 2015

A field-scale polymer flood has been in operation since early 2010 in a major oil field of the Sultanate of Oman. The project is composed of 27 mature waterflood patterns that were converted to polymer flood in 2010. Because a polymer-flood project has high chemical operating expenditure, optimization of a polymer flood requires continuous tracking of the mass of polymer injected per unit volume of incremental oil produced (relative to waterflood) for each polymer-flood pattern. To meet these objectives, a full-field streamline simulation model was built, was history matched, and is being used for optimizing the polymer flood. Full-field simulation allows the proper modeling of each pattern and their interactions with offset patterns. However, full-field simulations can be expensive, so we use a streamline-based simulator to run forecast scenarios in a reasonable computation time on reasonable hardware. Streamlines have the added benefit of determining the time-varying well-rate allocation factors per pattern, meaning that pattern-level diagnostics are relatively easy to compute and are based on the dynamic flow characteristics of the model. Computational efficiency and quantification of patterns have facilitated use of the model for routine well and reservoir-management decisions. We show that one can determine the effectiveness of the polymer flood on a pattern-by-pattern basis over the historical polymer-injection period with a standard oil-produced vs. polymer-injected ranking. In forecasting, we show how to quantify the incremental recovery caused by polymer, above base waterflood, on a pattern-by-pattern basis to facilitate optimization of polymer-flood patterns and more specifically to determine when to stop polymer injection and which new patterns to move polymer injection to.
A Semianalytical Solution of a Vertical Fractured Well With Varying Conductivity Under Non-Darcy-Flow Condition
Authors: Wanjing Luo , Changfu Tang
Published: August 2015

Fracture distributions (simple or complex fractures), fracture-conductivity heterogeneity (uniform or varying conductivity along the fracture), and flow regimes inside the fracture (Darcy or non-Darcy flow) are the three main issues that have been widely investigated for transient-pressure analysis of vertical fracture systems. In this study, we focus on the latter two issues by proposing a semianalytical solution to discuss the transient-pressure behaviors of a varying-conductivity fracture under non-Darcy-flow condition. First, a general fracture-flow equation is established for the uniform-/varying-conductivity fracture under Darcy/non-Darcy flow. Second, for the case of a varying-conductivity fracture, a dimension transformation and an unequal-length-discretization model are proposed to obtain the pressure solution. Then, the transient-pressure response for the case of non-Darcy flow in the fracture can be also obtained by use of an iterative procedure in each timestep in the Laplace domain. It is shown that results from our solutions agree very well with those reported in the literature (Guppy et al. 1982; Poe et al. 1992). Third, the transient-pressure behaviors of the varying-conductivity fracture under Darcy- and non-Darcy-flow condition are discussed in detail. Results show that non-Darcy flow in the fracture mainly reduces the effective conductivity and the transient-pressure curve follows the curve of an equivalently constant conductivity except for the case of extremely small conductivities. The pressure behaviors of varying-conductivity fractures depend on the value of average conductivity, the distribution of conductivity along the fracture, and the maximum-minimum-conductivity ratio. The presence of the varying conductivity not only affects the effective conductivity in the early and late times, but also changes the shape of the pressure curve, especially for the high-conductivity fracture in the early time. It is very difficult to accurately estimate the fracture parameters by well test for most of the cases of varying conductivities under non-Darcy flow in the fracture.
T-loop force system with and without vertical step using finite element analysis
Authors: Techalertpaisarn Paiboon , Versluis Antheunis
Published: August 2015

Objective: 

To investigate the effect of vertical steps on a T-loop force system at three interbracket distances (IBDs) and their association with V-bends.

Materials and Methods: 

Loop response during simulated loop pulling was determined for 18 T-loop configurations (6-, 9-, and 12-mm IBD with a 2.5-mm canine bracket (CB) end and 0- (plain), 0.5-, or 1-mm vertical step). Loop length-by-height was 8 × 8 or 10 × 10 mm. Horizontal load/deflection, vertical force (Fy), and moment-to-force (M/F) ratios at loop ends were determined for 100-g and 200-g activation by finite element analysis.

Results: 

Plain, 12-mm IBD T-loops showed similar force and moment responses as off-centered V-bends (greater moment close to V-bend) without change in moment direction at the premolar bracket (PB) end; plain, 6-mm IBD T-loop responses were similar to those of centered V-bends (equal, opposing moments at each end). Adding vertical steps to the T-loops raised the M/F ratio at the PB ends enough to produce root movement, while lowering the M/F ratios at the CB ends. Increasing the step bends for shorter IBDs increased Fys and caused rapid changes in M/F ratios. Unlike plain T-loops, increasing activation in stepped T-loops caused substantial variations in M/F ratios and in amount and direction of Fys.

Conclusions: 

Step bends can dramatically change the force system. Stepped T-loops display combined effects of V-bends and step bends.