bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Complaints of Low Back Pain in Areca Peeling Workers
Authors: Entianopa Entianopa , Harahap Putri Sahara , Junaidi Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Introduction: An unnatural working attitude causing the body to deviate from its default posture is one of the contributing factors to the low back pain (LBP) experienced by workers. For instance, areca peeling workers often adopt a posture of sitting hunched over for extended periods. Therefore, this research aimed to identify factors related to a history of LBP among areca peeling workers in Dataran Pinang Village, Kuala Betara District, West Tanjung Jabung Regency. Methods: Using a sample size of 66 respondents, this quantitative research adopted a cross-sectional design and a simple random sampling method. The instruments used included questionnaires, observation, and documentation, and the data were analyzed both univariately and bivariately, with chi-square analysis as the statistical test. Results: The statistical analysis showed no correlation between work time, work duration, repetition, and LBP. However, there was a correlation between LBP and work attitude (0.051<0.05) in areca peeling workers. Conclusion: A relationship exists between work attitude of areca peeling workers and the occurrence of LBP. Therefore, it is advisable for workers who experienced complaints of LBP to perform tasks correctly. This approach would reduce the number of repetitive activities (repetitions) conducted.
Determinant Factors of Knowledge about Obesity among Workers in the Chemical Industry in Surabaya City, East Java Province
Authors: Damayanti Ratih , Lutfiya Indah , Handayani Nur Septia , Wardani Ratnaningtyas Wahyu Kusuma , Linggarwati Yunita Putri , Sweri Anya Indras
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Obesity is a health problem experienced by workers in the manufacturing industry. The incidence of obesity is caused by various factors, including lack of knowledge. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with knowledge about obesity among workers. Methods: This study an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach conducted at PT XYZ in Surabaya City, East Java Province. The population of this study consisted of 145 workers in the manufacturing sector from various work units. The sample size consisted of 119 people. The independent variables were age, sex, work tenure, work unit, education level, and access to information about obesity. Meanwhile, the dependent variable was knowledge level. The statistical test used was the contingency coefficient test. Results: The results showed that most workers were over the age of 35 years (89.9%), males (67.2%), worked in a production work unit (60.5%), had worked for more than 20 years (78.2%), had a high school degree (54.6%), had good knowledge (55.5%), and did not have access to information about obesity (55%). A relationship was found between work tenure (p = 0.001), education level (p = 0.002) and access to information (p = 0.004) with knowledge level of the workers about obesity. Meanwhile, age (p = 0.437), sex (p = 0.643), and work unit (p = 0.335) had no significant relationship with knowledge level of the workers about obesity. Conclusion: A relationship was found between work tenure, education level, and access to information with knowledge level about obesity.
Detecção de focos de arenização na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Guariroba, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Capoane Viviane , Mescolotti Patricia Colombo , Fushimi Melina , Fontana Ademir , Kuplich Tatiana Mora , Silva Daiane Alencar da
Published: May 2024

Neste estudo, foram mapeados os focos de arenização e as áreas em processo de arenização na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Guariroba, investigando também a gênese e a morfodinâmica desses areais. O mapeamento foi realizado através do Brightness Index 2 (BI2), a partir de imagens do satélite Sentinel-2. Para a classificação, foi utilizada uma imagem do período seco (21/08/2021), caracterizado por menor umidade e maior brilho. Para a validação do mapeamento, foi utilizado o BI2 do período chuvoso (29/03/2023), marcado por maior umidade e menor brilho. O BI2 foi calculado no software SNAP e, no software ArcMap, os valores foram classificados considerando o histograma. Os focos de arenização ocupam uma área de 238,6 ha e as áreas em processo de arenização, 919,1 ha. A origem desse processo está vinculada à extensiva eliminação da cobertura vegetal primária e à conversão para a agricultura, desconsiderando a fragilidade natural dos Neossolos Quartzarênicos, o que acelerou a degradação do solo. Com o tempo, as áreas degradadas com solo exposto tornaram-se mais suscetíveis à ação erosiva da água e do vento, resultando na formação e expansão dos areais, que ocorrem em diferentes compartimentos da vertente. Os resultados encontrados destacam a urgência da adoção de práticas de manejo conservacionistas do solo e da água. Tais medidas são fundamentais para assegurar a integridade do ecossistema que fornece 34% da água que abastece a cidade de Campo Grande/MS. O desempenho do BI2 foi satisfatório; no entanto, é importante ressaltar que a obtenção de uma cartografia realista dos areais requer não apenas uma proficiência teórica, mas também uma experiência de campo por parte do classificador.
X-ray structural study of membranes based on Na-CMC and CS-Cl for water purification
Authors: Demchenko Valerii , Shtompel Volodymyr , Ovsiankina Victoria , Broshko Oleh , Krysenko Tamara , Yurzhenko Maksym , Romaniukina Iryna
Published: May 2024

The level of environmental pollution is increasing year by year. Solving this problem requires the development and application of new effective technologies and materials for wastewater treatment and processing of accumulated waste. One of the alternative directions is membrane technologies, in particular, the development of biodegradable nanocomposite membranes.
Anionic polyelectrolyte – Na-carboxymethyl cellulose with molecular weight Mw ~ 90000 and cationic polyelectrolyte – low molecular weight chitosan were used to create these membranes. Polymeric membranes were formed by mixing aqueous solutions of chitosan hydrochloride and Na-carboxymethylcellulose in different ratios.
Analysis of X-ray diffractograms of polyelectrolyte complexes showed that with a gradual increase in the content of cationic polyelectrolyte from 5 % to 17 %, the structure of polyelectrolyte complexes changes dramatically. Whereas, the diffractograms of polyelectrolyte complexes with chitosan content from 29 % to 84 % are similar.
The effectiveness of the obtained membranes was tested on a barometric device at different pressures. It was established that membranes based on polyelectrolyte complexes with a stoichiometric ratio of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes turned out to be the most productive.
The degree of water purification was checked by indicators of color selectivity. The obtained results allow us to conclude that with an increase in the duration of purification, the selectivity increases
Qashash Al-Qur'an as Hypnoparenting in Children in Neuroscience Perspective
Authors: Risky Abu , Suyadi  , Husain Andi Musthafa
Published: May 2024

The stories within the Qashash al-Qur'an are incredibly captivating and leave a profound impression on those who contemplate them. Stories that carry profound wisdom have a remarkable ability to capture attention and stimulate the mind. Children enjoy listening to these stories as they embrace the values of Islamic education without feeling coerced. Examples include the stories of the prophets and narratives of past individuals, from which wisdom and lessons can be extracted from their life journeys. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, this article seeks to explore this phenomenon. It argues that in order to instill these important values within the souls of young children, an effective educational method is through the study of hypnoparenting from a neuropsychological perspective. As children prepare for sleep, their brain waves transition from beta to alpha, allowing information and messages conveyed during this time to be stored in their subconscious. The data and information embedded within the subconscious mind will subsequently influence the child's thoughts, behaviors, and emotions in the future.
Regulation of RIPK1 Phosphorylation: Implications for Inflammation, Cell Death, and Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Du Jingchun , Wang Zhigao
Published: May 2024

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) plays a crucial role in controlling inflammation and cell death. Its function is tightly controlled through post-translational modifications, enabling its dynamic switch between promoting cell survival and triggering cell death. Phosphorylation of RIPK1 at various sites serves as a critical mechanism for regulating its activity, exerting either activating or inhibitory effects. Perturbations in RIPK1 phosphorylation status have profound implications for the development of severe inflammatory diseases in humans. This review explores the intricate regulation of RIPK1 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and highlights the potential of targeting RIPK1 phosphorylation as a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating human diseases.
Orthopedic Surgery Position Enhances Safety in Adults with Cervical Rigidity during Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Lazzarin Chiara , Frisina Antonio
Published: May 2024

Cochlear implantation is the therapy used for patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. For the success of the surgery, it is important that each surgical step is performed with meticulous precision, starting from the correct patient’s position on the operating table. In elderly or obese patients, this can be difficult to achieve due to cervical rigidity. In these cases, the orthopedic position is an excellent choice to perform a mastoidectomy accurately, ensuring a safe procedure and avoiding unpleasant complications.
Alterations in Graph Network Connectivity Predict Neurocognitive Changes in Patients Undergoing Brain Tumor Surgery
Authors: Ellis David G , Warren David , Garlinghouse Matthew , Aizenberg Michele R
Published: May 2024

Background: Patients undergoing brain tumor resection experience changes to their neurocognitive abilities, many of which can be difficult to predict. We hypothesized that changes in brain connectivity could predict changes in neurocognitive functioning, demonstrating the potential for brain connectivity aware surgical planning to provide enhanced outcomes for patients.

Methods: Patients underwent functional and diffusion MR scanning and neuropsychological testing before tumor resection and two weeks post-resection. Using this functional and diffusion imaging, we measured changes in the topology of the functional and structural graph networks, respectively. From the neuropsychological testing scores, we derived a composite score that describes a patient’s overall level of neurocognitive functioning. We then used a multiple linear regression model to test if structural and functional connectivity measures could predict changes in composite scores.

Results: Twenty-one subjects completed imaging and neuropsychological evaluation both before and after surgery. The multiple linear regression model showed that changes in functional local efficiency were inversely correlated with changes in composite score (p
An Examination into the Effects of a Nutraceutical Supplement on Cognition, Stress, Eye Health, and Skin Satisfaction in Adults with Self-Reported Cognitive Complaints: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Lopresti Adrian L , Smith Stephen James , Riggs Melanie L , Major Rebecca A , Gibb Tanner G , Wood Steven M , Hester Shelly N , Knaggs Helen E
Published: May 2024

Background: Dietary quality and the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods has been shown to protect against memory decline. Therefore, this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study aimed to investigate the effects of a nutritional supplement on changes in cognitive performance. Methods: In adults aged 40 to 70 years with subjective memory complaints, participants were randomly allocated to take a supplement containing vitamin E, astaxanthin, and grape juice extract daily for 12 weeks or a matching placebo. The primary outcomes comprised changes in cognitive tasks assessing episodic memory, working memory, and verbal memory. Secondary and exploratory measures included changes in the speed of information processing, attention, and self-report measures of memory, stress, and eye and skin health. Moreover, changes in plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, malondialdehyde, tumor-necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were measured, along with changes in skin carotenoid concentrations. Results: compared to the placebo, nutritional supplementation was associated with larger improvements in episodic memory, a self-report measure of everyday memory, increased plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor, decreased plasma malondialdehyde, and increased skin carotenoid concentrations. However, there were no group differences in changes in the remaining outcome measures. Conclusions: Twelve weeks of supplementation with a nutritional supplement was associated with improvements in episodic memory and several biological markers associated with cognitive health. Future research will be essential to extend and validate the current findings.
Health, Performance Ratings and Approachability of 50–60 Year Old Sedentary Adults (ActIv-Study): Key Insights for Health Economy and Exercise Promotion
Authors: Leyk Dieter , Hartmann Nadine , Vits Emanuel , Rüther Thomas , Klatt Stefanie , Lämmel Ralf , Löllgen Herbert
Published: May 2024

Despite significant prevention efforts, the numbers of physically inactive individuals, chronic illnesses, exhaustion syndromes and sick leaves are increasing. A still unresolved problem with exercise promotion is the low participation of sedentary persons. This collective term covers heterogeneous subgroups. Their engagement with movement campaigns and resistance to change are influenced by numerous factors. Our aim was to analyse survey data on health, performance, lifestyle habits and the approachability to physical activity campaigns obtained from the Germany-wide ActIv survey. From 2,888 study participants aged 50-60 years, 668 persons were categorised into the subgroups "never-athletes", "sports-dropouts", "always-athletes" and "sports-beginners". Large and significant group differences were found for BMI, assessment of quality of life, health and fitness, risk factors and health problems. 42.5% of "never-athletes" and 32.5% of "sports-dropouts" did not state any barriers to sport. There are substantial disparities between the non-athlete groups in terms of their motivation to exercise. In contrast, there are comparatively minor differences in motivation between "sports-dropouts" and "sports-beginners", whose health and fitness are the primary motivators for sport. Our analyses suggest that (i) negative health and performance trends cannot be compensated by appeals for voluntary participation in exercise programmes and (ii) powerful incentive systems are required.
Agricultural Micro Biogas Plants as a Factor in Farm Development—A Case Study
Authors: Borusiewicz Andrzej , Skibko * Zbigniew , Romaniuk Waclaw , Pietruszynska Marta , Milewska Anna , Marczuk Andrzej
Published: May 2024

Energy from biogas is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Significant, for technical, economic, and environmental reasons, is the construction of agricultural microgas plants next to households specialising in cattle rearing. The availability of free substrate makes it possible not only to produce one's electricity and heat but also to produce a more environmentally and human-friendly manure. The operation of biogas plants is, unfortunately, associated with technical problems. This paper presents the results of a study of the quality of electricity generated in an agricultural biogas plant built at a farm specialising in dairy cows, where the owner reported a problem with the voltage in the power supply network. Therefore, selected power quality parameters occurring at the connection point of the biogas plant were analysed in detail. As the authors' research showed, in the case in question, the agricultural biogas plant was connected via a cable with too small a conductor cross-section, which resulted in significant voltage exceedances, making it impossible to switch on the second of the biogas plant's generators. Replacement of the feed-in cable has enabled both generators to run, but significant fluctuations in the feed-in voltage values were still noticeable. Analysis of the subsequent measurements revealed the need for changes in the design of the digester itself. The proposal for change is to replace the two current digester mixers (each rated at 9 kW) with more mixers of lower power. The new mixers would operate in an alternating system, where only one would always be activated.
The Defense Response of Sanchezia nobilis against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Chen Cong , Peng Min Yi , Liu Ling Ling , Cai Xia Xiao , Xu Ling Mei , Lin Yan Zhao , Ji Hua Qian
Published: May 2024

In order to understand the defense response of Sanchezia nobilis to biotic and abiotic stresses, this study investigated the phenomenon of S. nobilis under biotic of feeding by Achatina fulica, and measured the temporal changes of malondialdehyde content, catalase and peroxidase activities under biotic of feeding by Achatina fulica and abiotic stress of garden pruning conditions on S. nobilis. The results showed that: 1) S. nobilis was seriously damaged by A. fulica and the average hourly food intake of A. fulica is 0.22 ± 0.01 g. 2) Leaf cutting stimulation and snail feeding stress significantly affected the content of malondialdehyde, the activities of catalase and peroxidase in the leaves of S. nobilis. 3) Compared with the control group, the snail feeding and leaf cutting stimulated stress could induce the leaf of S. nobilis to synthesize more malondialdehyde under varying durations, and the activities of catalase and peroxidase were significantly enhanced in a short time, and the induction response of snail feeding biological stress was faster than that of leaf cutting stimulated abiotic stress. 4) After the defense enzyme was strengthened, the activities of catalase and peroxidase in the feeding stress group of snails showed a gradual downward trend, while the activities of catalase and peroxidase in the leaf cutting stimulation stress group showed a first upward and then downward trend, indicating that abiotic stress had more lasting effects on plants than biological stress. It can be seen that biotic stress and abiotic stress significantly affect the defense response of plants, and the defense-related substances malondialdehyde, catalase and peroxidase play an important role in plants' response to biotic and abiotic stress. This study has important production guidance significance for carrying out stress resistance breeding or cultivation management of garden plants.
SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in HIV-Positive Patients
Authors: Ruta Simona , Popescu Corneliu Petru , Matei Lilia , Grancea Camelia , Paun Adrian Marius , Oprea Cristiana , Sultana Camelia
Published: May 2024

Immunosuppressed individuals, such as people living with HIV (PLWH), remain vulnerable to severe COVID-19. We analyzed the persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immune responses in a retrospective, cross-sectional study in PLWH on antiretroviral therapy. Among 104 participants, 70.2% had anti-S IgG antibodies and 55.8% had significant neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant in a surrogate virus neutralization test. Only 38.5% were vaccinated (8.76 ± 4.1 months prior), all displaying anti-S IgG, 75% with neutralizing antibodies and anti-S IgA. 29.8% had no SARS-CoV-2 serologic markers and displayed significantly lower CD4 counts and HIV viral load. Severe immunosuppression (present in 12.5% of participants) was linked to lower levels of detectable anti-S IgG (0.0003), anti-S IgA (p < 0.0001) and lack of neutralizing activity against Omicron variant (p < 0.0001). T-cell responses were present in 86.7% of tested participants, even in those lacking serological markers. In PLWH without severe immunosuppression, neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses persisted for up to 9 months post-infection or vaccination. Advanced immunosuppression led to diminished humoral immunity, but retained cellular immune.
Agricultural and Technology-Based Strategies to Improve Water Use Efficiency in Arid and Semiarid Areas
Authors: Alharbi Saif F. , Aldakil Mohammed , Felemban Abrar , Abdelrahim Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Water scarcity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, poses a significant challenge to crop production, with drought being a prevalent factor limiting grain production globally. Enhancing agricultural water use efficiency is crucial for managing water resources effectively in these areas. Water resource management involves planning, developing, distributing, and optimizing the use of water resources. Water use efficiency management is also essential for crop growth in arid regions. Various agronomic and irrigation strategies can improve crop water use efficiency and drought tolerance. The primary goal of these strategies is to maximize irrigation efficiencies by applying the precise amount of water needed to restore soil moisture to the desired level. These sustainable practices not only reduce the cost of water and labor for farmers through reduced irrigation but also optimize the use of soil moisture storage. This review paper explores practical techniques to improve water use efficiency, highlighting the role of nutrients in enhancing water use efficiency in crop plants.
Dental Implants’ Primary and Secondary Stability Assessment according to Implant Macro-Design, Length and Width, Location, and Bone Quality.
Authors: Quispe-López Norberto , Martín-Martín Soraya , Gómez-Polo Cristina , Figueras-Alvarez Oscar , Sánchez-Jorge María Isabel , Montero Javier
Published: May 2024

Some evidence supports the influence of the implant macro-design and primary stability. Additionally, tactile perception can be used to assess implant stability when placing the implant. This research aimed to quantify the primary and secondary stability of three implant systems with two different macro geometries (cylindrical and conical) determined through the insertion torque and the implant stability quotient (ISQ) at the moment of implant placement as a function of implant-related factors (length, width, dental arch, and implant location in the arch), intraoperative factors (bone density determined subjectively by the clinician's tactile perception), and patient-related factors (age, gender and bone density determined objectively in the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: 102 implants of three implant systems with two different macro geometries (conical and cylindrical) were placed in 53 patients. The insertion torque, the ISQ at the implant placement (ISQ0), and bone quality according to the clinician's tactile sensation were recorded on the day of the surgery. After a three-month healing period, the ISQ was re-evaluated (ISQ3). Results: Cylindrical implants exhibited significantly higher insertion torque and ISQ at the moment of the surgery and after three months than conical implants. Cylindrical implants also showed significantly lower indices of tactile evaluation of bone quality during the implant placement surgery. However, no differences were demonstrated in the bone density measured objectively in the CBCT. (4) Conclusions: The cylindrical implants achieved the highest values for primary stability (Ncm and ISQ) and secondary stability (ISQ after three months). Insertion torque was the variable that most influenced ISQ on the day of the surgery. Implant location (incisors-canines, bicuspids-molars) and the implant macro geometry were the variables that most influenced the secondary stability (ISQ at three months).
Optimization of a Dynamic Supply Chain Network: Kinetic Modeling of E-Waste Plants
Authors: Chattopadhyay Amit , Debnath Biswajit , Krishna Kumar T
Published: May 2024

E-waste management (EWM) refers to the operation-management of discarded or unproductive electronic devices and components, a challenge exacerbated due to overindulgent urbanization. This article presents a multidimensional cost-function-based analysis of the EWM framework structured on three modules - environmental, economic, and social uncertainties - which contemplate the 3 pillars of sustainability in an e-waste recycling plant, including the production-delivery-utilization process. The framework incorporates material recovery from a single e-waste facility provisioning for chemical and mechanical recycling. Each module is ranked using independent Machine Learning (ML) protocols: a) Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and b) combined AHP and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). From a long list of possible contributors, the model identifies and ranks two key sustainability contributors to the EWM supply chain: overall energy consumption and volume of carbon dioxide generated. Another key finding is a precise time window for policy resurrection, which for the data considered, happens to be 400-600 days from the start of operation. Another interesting outcome is the quality of prediction using a combination of AHP and PCA, which consistently produced better results than any of these ML methods individually implemented. Model outcomes have been verified using a case study to outline a future E-waste sustained roadmap.
Strategic Planning and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study on Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Mousa Kawar Mohammed , Ali Khairi Ali Auso , Gurler Sabahat
Published: May 2024

In this research, the primary goal was to investigate the relationship between strategic planning and organizational performance in Iraq's manufacturing context. The study's primary data sources were 360 manager respondents. The structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from manufacturing firms located throughout Iraq. To analyze the result, the researcher used descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. SPSS version 16 software was used to conduct data analysis. The result reveals that the process of strategic planning has a beneficial effect on financial performance. Environmental scanning has a statistically significant positive effect on a company's non-financial performance. Management participation and planning formality positively and statistically significantly affect a business's non-financial performance at the 10 percent level. The domain of strategy and technique has not impacted the company's non-financial performance.
C. elegans Germline as Three Distinct Tumor Models
Authors: Jones Mariah E. , Norman Mina , Tiet Alex Minh , Lee Jiwoo , Lee Myon Hee
Published: May 2024

Tumor cells display abnormal growth and division, avoiding the natural process of cell death. These cells can be benign (non-cancerous growth) or malignant (cancerous growth). Over the past few decades, numerous in vitro or in vivo tumor models have been employed to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with tumorigenesis in diverse aspects. However, our comprehension of how non-tumor cells transform into tumor cells at molecular and cellular levels remains incomplete. The nematode C. elegans has emerged as an excellent model organism for exploring various phenomena, including tumorigenesis. Although C. elegans does not naturally develop cancer, it serves as a valuable platform for identifying oncogenes and the underlying mechanisms within a live organism. In this review, we describe three distinct germline tumor models in C. elegans, highlighting their associated mechanisms and related regulators. Given the conservation of many of the regulators implicated in C. elegans tumorigenesis, it is proposed that these unique models hold significant potential for enhancing our comprehension of the broader control mechanisms governing tumorigenesis.
Prediction of Rock and Mine Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Mishra Shashank , Kumar Ojha Saurabh , Kumar Shubham , Kumar Verma Ashwini
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Underwater mines may destroy friendly submarines and marine habitats, compromising nonmilitary security. Finding credible information is vital to avoiding scams and spotting hazards. This article employs Supervised Machine literacy models to appropriately categorize subsea items like mines or gems based on Sonar sounds. Python constructs three double classifier models using Gorman and Sejnowski (1988) training data. Through the extraction of key aspects from the Sonar signals, such as spectral components and intensity, the models are able to match newly obtained data with the gemstone order or mine. Delicacy decreases the chance of misidentifications in nonmilitary activities. Machine literacy offers full validation that accommodates real-world Sonar data noise and unpredictability. Based on test results, the highest performing algorithm will deliver the required ratio of accuracy to perceptivity for the bracket task. Central keywords: vaticination model, bracket algorithms, supervised machine literacy, SONAR, and aquatic mining emphasize particular foundations. Improved sophistication in spotting undersea Mines let nonmilitary defence systems respond to proven threats only, preventing friendly submarines or sea life from unnecessary damage owing to false duplicity. This work is a promising start to real-world mine detection devices. Further developments may incorporate greater training data sets, real-time testing on subsea platforms equipped with integrated sonar, and optimization for the discovery of new mine-types. Overall, machine learning and Sonar vision decrease signal fluctuation and noise, making it easier to determine accurate boundaries for non-military applications and environmental protection. The recommended automated discovery technique must balance computational efficiency, generalizability, and delicacy. Prior a real crime, new quality control and verification procedures could boost trust even further.
Host Functional Response to a Prototypic Orally Delivered Self-Replicating Vaccine Platform
Authors: Vilander Allison C. , Burak Julia , Gilfillan Darby , Dean Gregg A. , Abdo Zaid
Published: May 2024

Development of mucosal vaccines has been limited and could be aided by a systems vaccinology approach to identify platforms and adjuvant strategies that induce protective immune responses. Induction of local immune responses by mucosal-delivered vaccines has been difficult to evaluate from peripheral samples as systemic responses often do not correlate with the mucosal response. Here we utilized transcriptomics in combination with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to assess innate immune activation by an oral probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus-based vaccine platform in mice. The goal was to explore the earliest immune responses elicited after oral immunization at the Peyer’s patch. Twenty-four hours after oral delivery of the L. acidophilus vaccine platform, we found an overabundance of L. acidophilus at Peyer’s patches and detected expression of the vaccine viral proteins and adjuvants confirming in vivo vaccine delivery. Compared to mice orally dosed with buffer or wild-type L. acidophilus, we identified enhanced response in immune pathways related to cytokine and gene signaling, T and B cell activation, phagocytosis, and humoral responses. While more work is needed to correlate these pathways with protection from infection and/or disease, they indicate this method’s potential to evaluate and aid in the iterative development of next-generation mucosal vaccines.
The Impact of Different Velocity Loss on Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) Effects in Sprint Athletes
Authors: Li Liang , Mo Ling , Liu Yanxu , Mei Tao
Published: May 2024

Proper Post-Activation Performance Enhancement helps to improve athletic performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two different velocity loss (VL), 10%VL and 20%VL, on post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in 20m sprint performance among sprint athletes. Twenty-four male sprint athletes (100m sprint time: 10.96±0.15 s) were recruited. A randomized crossover experimental design was used for traditional group (TG), 10%VL, and 20%VL interventions. Sprint tests were conducted at the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th minutes after the intervention. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed an interaction effect between group and time on 20m sprint performance (F=2.817, p=0.037, partial η²=0.585). Simple effect analyses showed significant differences compared to baseline at the 4th minute for the 20%VL group (P<0.05). Cohen's d values indicated improvement in 10m sprint times at the 8th minute of the rest interval for all three intervention groups (TG: ES=-0.270, 10%VL: ES=-0.038, 20%VL: ES=-0.279). Improvement in 20m sprint times was observed at the 4th minute for the 20%VL group (ES=-0.296) and at the 16th minute for the 10%VL group (ES=-0.276). Compared to traditional PAPE schemes based on 1RM, PAPE schemes based on velocity loss (20%VL) can better induce PAPE effects in sprint athletes.
Harnessing AutoDesign and Open-Source Digital Twin Simulations for EV Charging Station Location Selection
Authors: Dai Xuewu , Kotter Richard , Constantinou Stephanos , Rizwan Ayman
Published: May 2024

A pivotal strategy in decarbonizing the transport sector is by transitioning from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to electric vehicles (EVs), especially if they are charged with renewable energy. To provide an incentive to the common populace to switch to EVs, cities should set up - or enable or even encourage the private sector to do so - electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) at multiple and suitably accessible locations. This paper aims to present a digitaltwin-enabled methodology study for selecting the most suitable possible locations to establish EVCS with consideration of the low voltage (LV) network operation in terms of power losses, active and reactive power in EV charging demand and the effect of the EVCS on the transformers, based on examples in Newcastle upon Tyne (England, UK). It also evaluates the most suitable type of charger that could be installed at these locations by studying the estimated traffic, cost and impact of the EVCS on the power grid, both at peak and off hours. This paper demonstrates how digitaltwin technologies, such as the web-based tool AutoDesign by Northern Powergrid and EA Technology and open source Pandapower can be used for identifying the most viable and cost-effective locations to connect EVCSs to a Distribution Network Operators (DNO)’s LV network. The results of the analysis indicate that with the installation of the most suitable type of EVCS in a particular location, the local power grid would not be significantly affected at any hour of the day.
A Topology on Sums of Square-Free Ideals in Monoids
Authors: Matysiak Lukasz
Published: May 2024

In this paper we define families of open sets as sums of idempotent ideals and sums of square-free ideals in a ring. We investigate some topological properties of such topologies. We define the square-free spectrum of a ring as the set of all square-free ideals and examine what topological properties it has for a given monoid.
CRYSTAL GROWTH AND SPECTROSCOPY OF Yb2+ DOPED CsI SINGLE CRYSTAL
Authors: Sofich Dmitriy , Myasnikova Alexandra , Bogdanov Alexander , Pankratova Viktorija , Pankratov Vladimir , Kaneva Ekaterina , Shendrik Roman Yu.
Published: May 2024

Solving the problem of searching for new scintillators based on available materials, we were the first to obtain and study a single crystal of CsI doped with divalent ytterbium ions. This work was directed to study of luminescence mechanism of Yb2+ ions and excitation transfer from crystalline matrix of CsI to dopant ions under VUV excitation. Using time-resolved spectroscopy, spin-allowed and spin-forbidden radiative transitions of ytterbium ions at room temperature were discovered. At 10 degrees, the emission of self-trapped excitons was detected. UV and VUV excitation spectra were obtained in the emission bands of ytterbium and self-trapped excitons. It was found that Yb2+ luminescence is excited in the excitonic region in the range of 10-45 eV. The mechanism of charge compensation of Yb2+ ions in a CsI crystal was also studied, the spectrum of the thermally stimulated depolarization current was measured, and the activation energies of the two observed peaks were calculated. These peaks belong to impurity-vacancy complexes in two different positions.It is concluded that Yb2+ ions are promising dopants for CsI scintillators and X-ray phosphors in combination with SiPM photodetectors.
Design and Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems– A Literature Review
Authors: De Guzman Joshbie Love , Villagomez Alliah Cel , Arboleda Edwin
Published: May 2024

This literature review offers a comprehensive analysis of the design and optimization of microstrip patch antennas for wireless communication systems, drawing insights from a variety of research papers. It examines diverse approaches aimed at enhancing antenna performance and functionality. Key topics explored include optimization of resonant frequency, design of antenna arrays, and bandwidth enhancement. Noteworthy optimization techniques, such as genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks, are discussed, highlighting their effectiveness in achieving superior antenna performance. Application-specific solutions tailored to areas such as military communication and RFID systems are emphasized. The review underscores the significant role played by optimization techniques in achieving desired performance metrics and identifies future research directions, including multi-objective optimization, investigation of robustness and reliability, and integration with advanced technologies. Overall, this literature review provides valuable insights into the state-of-the-art in microstrip patch antenna design and optimization, guiding future research endeavors in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field.
Chemical Characterisation of New Oils Extracted From Cañihua and Tarwi Seeds With Different Organic Solvents
Authors: Ortiz-Sempértegui Jimena , Ibieta Gabriela , Tullberg Cecilia , Peñarrieta J. Mauricio , Linares-Pastén Javier A.
Published: May 2024

Vegetable oils contain fatty acids, phenolic compounds, natural antioxidants, and fat-soluble vitamins, which are beneficial against different diseases. Oil extraction methods can, however, affect their composition. This study aims to characterize the chemical composition of oils from two Andean seeds, cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) and tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis), extracted with different organic solvents, petroleum ether, hexane, and ethanol. This study compares these oils with commercial sunflower, rapeseed, and olive oils. Results showed that oils extracted with hexane had the highest yield, while those extracted with ethanol had higher antioxidant activity and total phenolic compound content. Additionally, using ethanol makes the process more sustainable than non-green solvents. The composition of tarwi and cañahua oils extracted with ethanol includes fatty acids, tocopherols, antioxidants, and phenolic compounds associated with health benefits.
Routes to PSMA/GRPr Targeted Heterobivalent Conjugates: Synthetic Strategies and Their Evaluation
Authors: Petrov Stanislav A. , Grigoriev Gleb P. , Orlov Grigory А. , Zyk Nikolay Y. , Grishin Yuri K. , Roznyatovsky Vitaly A. , Beloglazkina Maria A. , Kuznetsova Juliana V. , Machulkin Aleksei E. , Beloglazkina Elena K.
Published: May 2024

Heterodimeric approach has emerged as a promising method for simultaneously targeting multiple receptors on tumor cells using a single molecule. Simultaneous targeting of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) holds the potential to improve the accuracy of prostate cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to develop and compare six alternative routes for stereoselective synthesis of heterobivalent conjugates designed to deliver the chelating agent DOTA to PSMA/GRPr receptors. The comparison of these alternative synthetic approach, considered such factors as efficiency, complexity, synthesis and purification characteristics, as well as yields of the target compounds has been made. Optimal conditions for the stereoselective synthesis of heterobivalent ligands to PSMA and GRP, which could serve as molecular platforms for the targeted delivery of therapeutic and/or diagnostic agents to these receptors, were determined. For synthesized heterobivalent ligand 26x and heterobivalent conjugate with DOTA 27 complete signal assignment in 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectra was achieved using 2D NMR techniques. Based on these data, comprehensive signal assignments were provided for all final compounds in their NMR spectra.
Heavy Metal Detection and Removal by Composite Carbon Quantum Dots/Ionomer Membranes
Authors: Sgreccia Emanuela , Gallardo Gonzalez Francia Sarhaly , Prosposito Paolo , Burratti Luca , Sisani Michele , Bastianini Maria , Knauth Philippe , Di Vona Maria Luisa
Published: May 2024

Composite membranes formed by sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) with embedded carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were used for detection and removal of heavy metal ions, such as lead and cadmium, from water. SPEEK is responsible for the capture of heavy metals based on the cation exchange mechanism, while CQDs detect their contamination by exhibiting changes in fluorescence. Water-insoluble “red” carbon quantum dots (rCQDs) were synthesized from p-phenylenediamine so that their photoluminescence was shifted from that of the polymer matrix. CQDs and the composites were characterized by several techniques: FTIR, Raman, UV/VIS, photoluminescence, XPS spectroscopies and AFM microscopy. The heavy metal ion concentration was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The concentration ranges were 10.8 - 0.1 mM for Pb2+ and 10.0 - 0.27 mM for Cd2+. The composite achieved 100% removal efficiency for lead and cadmium if the concentration was below a half of the ion exchange capacity of SPEEK. The regeneration of membranes in 1 M NaCl was also studied. SPEEK/rCQDs showed a turn-off effect more pronounced for lead. A second order law was effective to describe the kinetics of the process.
Modulatory Roles of AHR, FFAR2, FXR, and TGR5 Gene Expression in MAFLD and COVID-19 Outcomes
Authors: Buchynskyi Mykhailo , Oksenych Valentyn , Kamyshna Iryna , Vorobets Ihor , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Published: May 2024

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a risk factor for severe COVID-19. This study explores the potential influence of gut hormone receptor and immune response gene expression on COVID-19 outcomes in MAFLD patients. Methods: We investigated gene expression levels of AHR, FFAR2, FXR, and TGR5 in patients with MAFLD and COVID-19 compared to controls. We examined associations between gene expression and clinical outcomes. Results: COVID-19 patients displayed altered AHR expression, potentially impacting immune response and recovery. Downregulated AHR in MAFLD patients correlated with increased coagulation parameters. Elevated FFAR2 expression in MAFLD linked to specific immune cell populations and hospital stay duration. Significantly lower FXR expression was observed in both MAFLD and severe COVID-19. Conclusion: Our findings suggest potential modulatory roles for AHR, FFAR2, and FXR in COVID-19 and MAFLD.
The Impact of Excessive Paracetamol Use on the Human Body: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Khatoon Noorsaba , mourya Virendra , gupta Gopal
Published: May 2024

Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is one of the most widely used over-the-counter analgesics and antipyretics globally. While generally considered safe when used as directed, excessive or prolonged use of paracetamol can lead to adverse effects on various organ systems within the human body. This comprehensive review explores the physiological mechanisms underlying paracetamol toxicity, its effects on different organs, risk factors for overdose, diagnostic methods, and potential management strategies.
Effects of Impurities and Deformations on Electronic Effective Mass in Quantum Revival Time within the Infinite Square Well
Authors: Filgueiras Cleverson , Borges Luiz Henrique Campos , Rojas Moises
Published: May 2024

Quantum revival phenomena, wherein the wave function of a quantum system periodically returns to its initial state after evolving in time, are investigated in this study. Focusing on electrons confined within a quantum box with an impurity, both weak and strong coupling regimes are explored, revealing intricate relationships between impurity parameters and temporal dynamics. The investigation considers the influence of impurity position, impurity strength, and external factors such as aluminum concentration, temperature, and hydrostatic pressure on classical periods and revival times. Through analytical derivations and graphical analyses, the study elucidates the sensitivity of quantum revivals to these parameters, providing valuable insights into the fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. While no specific physical applications are discussed, the findings offer implications for quantum heat engines and other quantum-based technologies, emphasizing the importance of understanding quantum revivals in confined quantum systems.
Advancing Fingertip Regeneration: Outcomes from a New Conservative Treatment Protocol
Authors: Kang Daihun
Published: May 2024

Background: Fingertip injuries with volar pulp tissue defects are challenging to manage due to the complex anatomy and critical role of the fingertip in sensory and motor functions. Traditional surgical approaches are associated with donor site morbidity, prolonged immobilization, and suboptimal functional outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a conservative treatment protocol using artificial dermis and semi-occlusive dressing for these injuries.
Methods: A single-center, prospective study was conducted on 31 patients with fingertip injuries involving volar pulp defects. The treatment protocol involved wound debridement, application of artificial dermis (Pelnac®), and semi-occlusive dressing (IV3000®). Outcomes were assessed using subjective questionnaires and objective measures, including fingerprint regeneration, sensory function, pain, and cosmetic appearance. The impact of injury characteristics on outcomes and treatment duration was evaluated. Complications were recorded, and patient satisfaction was assessed.
Results: The mean treatment duration was 45.29 days (SD=17.53), with no significant differences based on injury characteristics. Complications were minimal, with only one case (3.22%) directly attributable to the treatment. Fingerprint regeneration was considerable (mean score=2.58, SD=0.67), with slightly better scores in bone-exposed injuries. Sensory disturbances were minimal, with no significant differences across injury types. Post-treatment pain was low (mean=0.45, SD=0.67), and cosmetic satisfaction was high (mean=4.09, SD=0.94). Overall patient satisfaction was high (mean=4.41, SD=0.67), regardless of injury severity.
Discussion: This study demonstrates the efficacy of a conservative approach using artificial dermis and semi-occlusive dressing for fingertip injuries with volar pulp defects. The treatment protocol achieved favorable outcomes in tissue regeneration, sensory recovery, pain management, and cosmetic appearance while minimizing complications and morbidity associated with traditional surgical interventions. The high patient satisfaction across all injury types highlights the patient-centered nature of this approach.
Conclusions: The conservative treatment protocol using artificial dermis and semi-occlusive dressing is a promising strategy for managing fingertip injuries with volar pulp defects. This approach harnesses the body's regenerative potential, minimizes surgical morbidity, and achieves excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes. Further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and investigate long-term outcomes.