bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quasi-hydrostatic equations for climate models and the study on linear instability
Authors: Nigmatulin Robert , Xu Xiulin
Published: July 2020

Abstract. An advanced “quasi-hydrostatic approximation” of 3-dimensional atmospheric-dynamics equations is proposed and justified with the practical goal to optimize atmospheric modelling at scales ranging from meso meteorology to global climate. For the vertically quasi-hydrostatic flow with inertial forces negligibly small compared to gravity forces, the asymptotically exact equation for vertical velocity is obtained. In the closed system of hydro/thermodynamic equations, the pressure is determined by the total air mass above, so that mass instead of pressure is considered as a dependent variable. In such a system, the sound waves are filtered, though the horizontal inertia forces are taken into account in the horizontal momentum conservation equations. The major practical result is an asymptotically exact equation for vertical velocity in the quasi-hydrostatic system of the atmospheric dynamics equations. Investigation of the stability of solutions to the system in response to small shortwave perturbations has shown that solutions have the property of shortwave instability. There are situations when the growth rate of the perturbation amplitude tends to infinity. It means that the Cauchy problem for such equations may be ill-posed. Its formulation can become conditionally correct if solutions are sought in a limited class of sufficiently smooth functions whose Fourier harmonics tend to zero reasonably quickly when the wavelengths of the perturbations approach zero. Thus, the numerical scheme for the quasi-hydrostatic equations using the finite-difference method requires an adequately selected pseudo-viscosity to eliminate the instability caused by perturbations with wavelengths of the order of the grid size. The result is useful for choosing appropriate vertical and horizontal grid sizes for modelling to avoid shortwave instability associated with the property of the system of equations. Implementation of pseud-viscosities helps to smoothen or suppress the perturbations that occur during modelling.
De covid-19-maatregelen van de EU: buigen of barsten?
Authors: Temmink H.A.G.
Published: July 2020

De covid-19-maatregelen van de EU: buigen of barsten?

Sinds het uitbreken van de covid-19-crisis heeft de Europese Unie zich schrap gezet om de gevolgen van de pandemie te beteugelen. Deze bijdrage geeft een overzicht van de initiatieven die tot dusverre zijn genomen. In eerste instantie betreft het maatregelen om de directe gevolgen voor de volksgezondheid te bestrijden en de integriteit van de interne markt te waarborgen. Ondertussen wordt ook aan herstelmaatregelen gewerkt voor het weer aan de gang krijgen van de economie. Wat zijn de gevolgen van corona voor de interne markt en de toekomst van de Unie?
Zapatrywanie Józefa Franka (1771–1842), profesora Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego, na niektóre choroby otolaryngologiczne
Authors: Kierzek Andrzej
Published: July 2020

Na wstępie szeroko zaprezentowano drogi zawodowe i naukowe Johanna Petera Franka (1745–1821) i jego syna Józefa Franka (1771–1842), lekarzy pochodzenia niemieckiego i austriackiego. Przedstawiono ich wkład do medycyny wileńskiej. Kolejno szczegółowo zanalizowano dokonania Józefa Franka na Uniwersytecie Wileńskim, zwłaszcza w chorobach wewnętrznych, zasługi dla powstania Wileńskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego, pierwszego lekarskiego towarzystwa na ziemiach polskich. Omówiono także jego ciekawe osiągnięcia w otiatrii i leczenia błonicy.
OVERVIEW OF WORKING CONDITIONS ON EMPLOYMENT PLATFORMS. REPORT FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Świątkowski Andrzej Marian
Published: July 2020

Employment platforms are a new and rapidly growing form of employment. Its specificity is based on modern electronic communication technology. Due to the digitization of the labor market, it is possible to establish and use without legal restrictions unregulated factual links between the provision of work-based services. The conditions of employment on platforms that are not controlled by established labour standards pose a real challenge to the generally binding rules of labour law in the common EU market. The author analyzes the challenges arising from the fourth industrial revolution in the report on employment conditions on work platforms presented to the European Union in 2020.
Gerenciamento dos Processos de Controle de Contribuições de Paróquias Utilizando Sistema Web
Authors: Vedovatto Zamur Borges , Souza Cinthia Mikaela de , Meireles Magali Rezende Gouvêa
Published: July 2020

As paróquias são locais para reuniões de fiéis religiosos e, nos processos organizacionais, existem práticas de controle financeiro de custos e recebimentos. Em certas paróquias, o registro dos recebimentos é feito em folhas de papel durante as missas para, posteriormente,ser transferido para planilhas informatizadas, gerando o risco de perda de informação no processo. Dentre os principais recebimentos, encontram-se as contribuições, seja em forma  de pagamento de dízimo ou de doação. O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema Web para comunidades paroquiais aperfeiçoarem o controle do recebimento de contribuições. O objetivo do trabalho foi implantar o processo de transformação digital em paróquias que possuem os seus processos manuais. Foi desenvolvida uma solução que contemplasse as reais necessidades do público-alvo, que buscam por um processo mais seguro e eficaz para o registro das contribuições. O MEAN Stack, utilizado no processo, abrange  todas as tecnologias utilizadas para o desenvolvimento. O design seguiu os conceitos de User Experience (UX), visando uma melhor experiência de uso da aplicação em termos de fluidez e facilidade em realizar as operações. Constatou-se, no processo de validação, que o sistema aperfeiçoa a organização dos processos envolvidos, trazendo melhorias ao controle das atividades financeiras.
Anesthesia Teaching for Undergraduates; Bringing the Operating Theatre to the Simulation Lab: A Pilot Study
Authors: Subramaniam Thiruselvi , Jee Tan Ann
Published: July 2020

Background: Simulation-based education has become more prominent in recent years. In our university, we have begun to use simulation at various levels in the curriculum. Objectives: We decided to utilize simulation to meet the challenges of teaching medical students in the operating theatre, which have slowly risen over the years at our place of practice. Methods: A total of 120 final year medical students posted to anesthesia were divided into two groups and exposed to two different operating theatre (OT) teaching environments: Group I: Actual OT and group 2: Simulated OT. The performance of the two groups on 25 MCQs was compared using the chi-square test and independent t-test. Results: The chi-square test showed no significant difference between the groups in the number of students who passed the test at the end of the posting [χ2 (2, N = 119) = 2.375, P > 0.05]. An independent t-test carried out on the test scores showed that the actual OT group (M = 10.15, SD = 2.284) performed better than the simulated OT group (M = 9.04, SD = 2.528), and it was statistically significant [t (112) = 3.265, P = 0.001]. Conclusions: There was no difference in terms of pass or fail between the two groups suggesting that OT learning could be simulated. However, the actual OT group had overall better scores statistically. Thus the depth of learning may be better with actual OT teaching, especially because the teaching and learning occur in the real environment. Until further research suggests that simulated OT can replace actual OT learning for undergraduates, we plan to use the simulated OT as a bridge towards actual OT learning.
Smart Glasses as a Surgical Pathology Grossing Tool
Authors: Kulak Ozlem , Drobysheva Anastasia , Wick Neda , Arvisais-Anhalt Simone , Germans Sharon Koorse , Timmons Charles F. , Park Jason Y.
Published: July 2020

Context.—

Smart glasses are a wearable technology that enable hands-free data acquisition and entry.

Objective.—

To develop a surgical pathology grossing application on a smart glass platform.

Design.—

An existing logistics software for the Google Glass Enterprise smart glass platform was used to create surgical pathology grossing protocols. The 2 grossing protocols were developed to simulate grossing a complex (heart) and a simple (kidney) specimen. For both protocols, users were visually prompted by the smart glass device to perform each task, record measurements, or document the field of view. In addition to measuring the total time of the protocol performance, each substep within the protocol was automatically recorded. Subsequently, a report was generated that contained the dictation, images, voice recordings, and the timing of each step. The application was tested by 3 users using the 2 grossing protocols. The users were tracked across 3 grossing procedures for each protocol.

Results.—

For the complex specimen grossing the average time across repeated procedures was not significantly different between users (P > .99). However, when grossing times of the complex specimen were compared for repeated performances of the same user, a significant reduction in grossing times was observed with each repetition (P = .002). For the simple specimen, the average grossing time across multiple attempts was different among users (P = .03); however, no improvement in grossing time was observed with repeated performance (P = .499).

Conclusions.—

Augmented reality based grossing applications can provide automated data collection to track the changes in grossing performance over time.
Influence of pre-processing on anomaly-based intrusion detection
Authors: Protić Danijela
Published: July 2020

Introduction/purpose: The anomaly-based intrusion detection system detects intrusions based on a reference model which identifies the normal behavior of a computer network and flags an anomaly. Machine-learning models classify intrusions or misuse as either normal or anomaly. In complex computer networks, the number of training records is large, which makes the evaluation of the classifiers computationally expensive. Methods: A feature selection algorithm that reduces the dataset size is presented in this paper. Results: The experiments are conducted on the Kyoto 2006+ dataset and four classifier models: feedforward neural network, k-nearest neighbor, weighted k-nearest neighbor, and medium decision tree. The results show high accuracy of the models, as well as low false positive and false negative rates. Conclusion: The three-step pre-processing algorithm for feature selection and instance normalization resulted in improving performances of four binary classifiers and in decreasing processing time.
Vantagens de jogar em casa: uma análise de campeonatos estaduais da região nordeste
Authors: Bezerra Marcos Antônio Araújo , Silva Vanessa Guedes , Bezerra Gabriela Gomes de Oliveira , Simões Neto José de Caldas , Vanali Renan Costa
Published: July 2020

A vantagem de se disputar um campeonato em casa já é tema de estudo no mundo do esporte, tal fato é composto de inúmeros fatores, dentre eles se destacam a familiaridade com o espaço onde será realizado a disputa, o tempo de deslocamento da equipe visitante, o efeito da torcida nas decisões dos árbitros e os fatores psicológicos. Desta forma o objetivo do presente estudo é analisar se houve vantagem em jogar em casa nos campeonatos estaduais do Nordeste em 2019, através de um estudo do tipo documental com abordagem quantitativa, no qual foram analisados as vitórias, derrotas e empates das 333 partidas, juntando as partidas de todos os 9 (noves), campeonatos estaduais do nordeste da série A em 2019. Os resultados desse estudo mostram que somente 33,3% dos estados do estudo tiveram maior percentual de vitória quando o jogo foi realizado em casa onde a Paraíba foi o estado nordestino com maior percentual de vitórias nos campeonatos em que jogou em casa, quando comparado aos demais, enquanto que 66,7% tiveram maior percentual de derrota. Sergipe caracterizou-se como o estado do Nordeste que obteve maior quantidade de derrotas ao invés de vitórias, quando os campeonatos ocorreram no próprio estado. Nessa situação, constata-se, a partir deste estudo, que há uma tendência de redução da vantagem de ‘jogar em casa’. O estudo permitiu verificar que o fator ‘jogar em casa’ não influencia de forma direta na vitória, o que pode ser apresentado pelo fato dos jogadores ficarem mais confiantes. Dessa forma, o fato de jogar em casa apresentar vantagem, não parece demonstrar regularidade tendo em vista que os dados expostos revelam que no Nordeste, a maioria dos estados teve maior percentual de derrota, ao invés de vitória, quando os campeonatos foram realizados nos próprios estados. Notoriamente, há a necessidade de se desenvolver um corpo de pesquisa mais sólido a respeito, realizar estudos que possam se aprofundar nas inúmeras questões pertinentes ao fenômeno.
A quantitative modelling approach to zebrafish pigment pattern formation
Authors: Owen Jennifer P , Kelsh Robert N , Yates Christian A
Published: July 2020

Pattern formation is a key aspect of development. Adult zebrafish exhibit a striking striped pattern generated through the self-organisation of three different chromatophores. Numerous investigations have revealed a multitude of individual cell-cell interactions important for this self-organisation, but it has remained unclear whether these known biological rules were sufficient to explain pattern formation. To test this, we present an individual-based mathematical model incorporating all the important cell-types and known interactions. The model qualitatively and quantitatively reproduces wild type and mutant pigment pattern development. We use it to resolve a number of outstanding biological uncertainties, including the roles of domain growth and the initial iridophore stripe, and to generate hypotheses about the functions ofleopard. We conclude that our rule-set is sufficient to recapitulate wild-type and mutant patterns. Our work now leads the way for further in silico exploration of the developmental and evolutionary implications of this pigment patterning system.
Mouse T cell priming is enhanced by maturation-dependent stiffening of the dendritic cell cortex
Authors: Blumenthal Daniel , Chandra Vidhi , Avery Lyndsay , Burkhardt Janis K
Published: July 2020

T cell activation by dendritic cells (DCs) involves forces exerted by the T cell actin cytoskeleton, which are opposed by the cortical cytoskeleton of the interacting antigen-presenting cell. During an immune response, DCs undergo a maturation process that optimizes their ability to efficiently prime naïve T cells. Using atomic force microscopy, we find that during maturation, DC cortical stiffness increases via a process that involves actin polymerization. Using stimulatory hydrogels and DCs expressing mutant cytoskeletal proteins, we find that increasing stiffness lowers the agonist dose needed for T cell activation. CD4+T cells exhibit much more profound stiffness dependency than CD8+T cells. Finally, stiffness responses are most robust when T cells are stimulated with pMHC rather than anti-CD3ε, consistent with a mechanosensing mechanism involving receptor deformation. Taken together, our data reveal that maturation-associated cytoskeletal changes alter the biophysical properties of DCs, providing mechanical cues that costimulate T cell activation.
Growth-factor-mediated coupling between lineage size and cell fate choice underlies robustness of mammalian development
Authors: Saiz Néstor , Mora-Bitria Laura , Rahman Shahadat , George Hannah , Herder Jeremy P , Garcia-Ojalvo Jordi , Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina
Published: July 2020

Precise control and maintenance of population size is fundamental for organismal development and homeostasis. The three cell types of the mammalian blastocyst are generated in precise proportions over a short time, suggesting a mechanism to ensure a reproducible outcome. We developed a minimal mathematical model demonstrating growth factor signaling is sufficient to guarantee this robustness and which anticipates an embryo's response to perturbations in lineage composition. Addition of lineage-restricted cells both in vivo and in silico, causes a shift of the fate of progenitors away from the supernumerary cell type, while eliminating cells using laser ablation biases the specification of progenitors toward the targeted cell type. Finally, FGF4 couples fate decisions to lineage composition through changes in local growth factor concentration, providing a basis for the regulative abilities of the early mammalian embryo whereby fate decisions are coordinated at the population level to robustly generate tissues in the right proportions.
Measuring protein stability in the GroEL chaperonin cage reveals massive destabilization
Authors: Korobko Ilia , Mazal Hisham , Haran Gilad , Horovitz Amnon
Published: July 2020

The thermodynamics of protein folding in bulk solution have been thoroughly investigated for decades. By contrast, measurements of protein substrate stability inside the GroEL/ES chaperonin cage have not been reported. Such measurements require stable encapsulation, that is no escape of the substrate into bulk solution during experiments, and a way to perturb protein stability without affecting the chaperonin system itself. Here, by establishing such conditions, we show that protein stability in the chaperonin cage is reduced dramatically by more than 5 kcal mol−1 compared to that in bulk solution. Given that steric confinement alone is stabilizing, our results indicate that hydrophobic and/or electrostatic effects in the cavity are strongly destabilizing. Our findings are consistent with the iterative annealing mechanism of action proposed for the chaperonin GroEL.
Interrogating the recognition landscape of a conserved HIV-specific TCR reveals distinct bacterial peptide cross-reactivity
Authors: Mendoza Juan L , Fischer Suzanne , Gee Marvin H , Lam Lilian H , Brackenridge Simon , Powrie Fiona M , Birnbaum Michael , McMichael Andrew J , Garcia K Christopher , Gillespie Geraldine M
Published: July 2020

T cell cross-reactivity ensures that diverse pathogen-derived epitopes encountered during a lifetime are recognized by the available TCR repertoire. A feature of cross-reactivity where previous exposure to one microbe can alter immunity to subsequent, non-related pathogens has been mainly explored for viruses. Yet cross-reactivity to additional microbes is important to consider, especially in HIV infection where gut-intestinal barrier dysfunction could facilitate T cell exposure to commensal/pathogenic microbes. Here we evaluated the cross-reactivity of a ‘public’, HIV-specific, CD8 T cell-derived TCR (AGA1 TCR) using MHC class I yeast display technology. Via screening of MHC-restricted libraries comprising ~2×108sequence-diverse peptides, AGA1 TCR specificity was mapped to a central peptide di-motif. Using the top TCR-enriched library peptides to probe the non-redundant protein database, bacterial peptides that elicited functional responses by AGA1-expressing T cells were identified. The possibility that in context-specific settings, MHC class I proteins presenting microbial peptides influence virus-specific T cell populations in vivo is discussed.
Forty Years of University of New England's Research and Scholarship and its Impact in Maine, New England, and Beyond
Authors: Carreiro Jane E.
Published: July 2020

The University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine (UNE COM) was founded by a group of osteopathic physicians who wanted to ensure that the practice of Osteopathic Medicine would endure in northern New England and that patients in the region would continue to receive the best health care possible. UNECOM merged with St. Francis College in 1978 to form the University of New England (UNE).1 UNE has grown and developed over the years, building on the shared Franciscan and osteopathic traditions of integrating philosophy and intellect. Following the 1996 merger with Westbrook College in Portland, Maine, UNE now comprises 3 campuses, 13 additional health profession programs, 6 Centers of Excellence in Research, and strong undergraduate programs that link the environment, people, and community in a “One Health” concept.
Change of direction asymmetry across different age categories in youth soccer
Authors: Trecroci Athos , Rossi Alessio , Dos’Santos Thomas , Formenti Damiano , Cavaggioni Luca , Longo Stefano , Iaia F. Marcello , Alberti Giampietro
Published: July 2020

Background

In youth, the development of change of direction (COD) and sprint performance is a key component for successfully competing in soccer across age. During a COD, the presence of directional asymmetries may be detrimental due to the unpredictable nature of the sport. Therefore, the aims of the study were to investigate asymmetries in COD ability and to examine the differences in COD and sprint performance across age in young soccer players.

Methods

Sixty-eight sub-elite soccer players of different age categories (U18, U17, U16, U15) were tested on a 10-m linear sprint test and 90°COD (5-m entry and exit) test in both directions. Asymmetric index (AI) of COD deficit was obtained for dominant (fastest) and non-dominant directions (slowest).

Results

The results showed that U16 were more asymmetrical than U18, U17, and U15 from large to moderate effects. The sprint time improved linearly across age with U18 and U15 displaying the fastest and slowest 10-m sprint performance (p < 0.01), respectively. Moreover, COD ability measured by COD deficit did not change across age (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Given the results of this study, practitioners are encouraged to assess asymmetries between dominant and non-dominant directions rather than solely players’ COD ability in young soccer players.
Food sources of energy and nutrients among Canadian adults following a gluten-free diet
Authors: Jamieson Jennifer A. , Neufeld Anna
Published: July 2020

Background

The gluten-free diet (GFD) involves the elimination of wheat and related grains. Wheat is a key fortification vehicle for nutrients such as iron and B vitamins. While there is growing evidence of low nutrients intake and poor diet quality amongst people following long-term GFD, few studies have used a dietary pattern approach to analyse top food sources of nutrients in today’s complex food environment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify food sources of energy and nutrients from previously collected diet records of adults following a GFD.

Methods

Three, 3-day food records were collected from 35 participants in a lifestyle intervention study (n = 240 records). All food items were categorised according to the Bureau of Nutritional Sciences Food Group Codes. Percentages of total dietary intakes from food groups were ranked.

Results

Mean intakes of dietary fibre, calcium and iron (females) were lower than recommended, with half the sample consuming below the recommended proportion of energy as carbohydrate. Meat, poultry and fish were the top source of energy (19.5%) in the diet. Gluten-free (GF) grain products were the top source of carbohydrate, fibre and iron and second greatest source of energy. Amongst grains, breakfast/hot cereals, yeast breads, and mixed grain dishes were the greatest nutrient contributors, despite most commercial cereals and breads (65%) being unenriched. Legumes were not frequently consumed.

Conclusions

GF grains were the top food source of carbohydrate, fibre and iron, despite few brands being enriched or fortified. It is a challenge to assess and monitor nutrient intakes on GFD due to the lack of nutrient composition data for B vitamins and minerals (other than iron). Dietary planning guidance for the appropriate replacement of nutrients provided by wheat is warranted.
Assessment of water quality for irrigation purpose: a case study of Bassi and Chaksu Tehsils, Jaipur District, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Meena Arjun Lal , Bisht Priyanka
Published: July 2020

Quality of Groundwater has assessed for irrigation purpose to get the suitability of water. Water samples has analysed by employing different parameters: Electrical Conductivity, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Kelly’s Ratio, Potential Salinity and Corrosive Ratio. Suitability of Water for irrigation has presented by the diagram based on the combination of Electrical Conductivity and Sodium Absorption Ratio suggested by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Livelihood of the study area depends on the Agriculture and allied activities so it becomes more important to analyse the quality of water for irrigation.Keywords: Irrigation, Electrical Conductivity, Sodium Absorption Ratio, Kelly’s Ratio, Soluble Sodium Percentage.
Gap Analysis of Higher Agricultural Education Competencies among the Students for Industrial and Farmers’ Needs
Authors: Kaur Manmeet , Anand Anupam
Published: July 2020

The study was conducted to outline competencies relevant to the need of farmers and industries present in an agriculture graduate for carrying out their assigned duties. As inferred by mean score of the desired status, the managerial competency was identified to be the most needed one among the agricultural graduates as perceived by the students followed by entrepreneurial, extension skills, technical, market/understanding government policy, communication/ICT and personal competency. The findings of the study will aid higher education planners in India to develop curriculum to prepare and train future agricultural graduates to educate, inform and entertain farmers in an efficient way and fulfil the requirements of the job as required by the industries in an agriculture graduates. Specifically, the research sought to determine students and farmers perceptions of essential competencies needed by agri-graduates enrolled in the agriculture curriculum. The study provides for an initial attempt to gain insight into how higher agricultural education institutions can revitalize their curricula to better prepare their students for the market place and to keep pace with the changing nature of the environment around them.
Congenital Isolated Folic Acid Malabsorption: Case Report
Authors: Mebrouk Nadia , Abilkassem Rachid , Kmari Mohamed , Hassani Amal , Ourrai Abdelhakim , Agadr Aomar
Published: July 2020

We report the case of a female child with congenital isolated malabsorption of folic acid. The patient was referred to our hospital for pancytopenia and a tendency to various infections, but with no neurological disturbances. A bone marrow aspiration demonstrated megalobastic anemia and serum folic acid was low. An immunodeficiency test was therefore performed, which revealed impairment of both cellular and humoral immunity. The defect persisted after considerable doses of folate were administered orally to the patient. However, parenteral administration of folic acid removed pancytopenia, and restored normal levels of T CD8+, NK, B and immunoglobulins. Our patient, responded only to parenteral folate and her immunologic recovery after parenteral folate repletion was dramatic and provides strong in vivo evidence of the importance of folates for lymphocyte function in humans. Our patient’s history shows that while it is easy to reverse the systemic consequences of folate deﬁciency, patients must not stop taking their folate supplementation because they believe that their disorder disappeared.
Evaluation of Multi-Drug Resistant E. coli from Drinking Water Sources in a Tertiary Institution
Authors: Iloghalu Udoh I.P., , Amarachi Iloghalu, Ijenwa , S.T. Aladenika
Published: July 2020

Infectious diseases control of recent is a major health concern globally due to high increase in number of microorganisms that are resistant to conventional antimicrobial agents. This study aimed at ascertaining the microbiological quality and multiple antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli strains isolated from different sources of drinking water. A total of 136 water samples from different drinking water sources, including the storage tanks (the school and the commercial storage tank), sachet and bottle water were obtained from University of Nigeria Enugu Campus and analyzed. Standard microbiological techniques were employed for bacteria isolation, identification and antibiogram. From the water samples collected 25 E. coli strains were isolated. The school storage tanks account for 60% of the isolates, while bottled water showed no growth. 92% of the E. coli isolated showed resistance to the tested antibiotics. Resistant were higher with Augmentin (64%), Chloramphenicol (48%) and Streptomycin 11 (44%) while most were sensitive to Tarivid and Perfloxacine (100%). Isolates from school storage water sources showed the highest resistance to Augmentin (76.5%) while those from commercial storage water sources showed the highest resistance to Streptomycin (66.7%). Out of the 23 (92%) antibiotics resistant E. coli isolates 18 (78.3%) were multidrug resistance (MDR). The school storage water sources had the highest number of MDR E. coli 14 (77.8%) followed by the commercial storage water sources 4 (22.2%), but the sachet and bottled water had no MDR E. coli. In conclusion, drinking water may potentially contribute to the source of multidrug resistance E. coli in this community
Effective TiO2-Sulfonated Carbon-derived from Eichhornia crassipes in The Removal of Methylene Blue and Congo Red Dyes from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Widiyowati Iis Intan , Nurhadi Mukhamad , Hatami Muhammad , Yuan Lai Sin
Published: July 2020

The study of TiO2-sulfonated carbon-derived from Eichhornia crassipes (TiO2/SCEC), as an effective adsorbent to remove Methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) dyes from aqueous solution, has been conducted. The preparation steps of TiO2/SCEC adsorbent involved the carbonisation of E. crassipes powder at 600 °C for 1 h, followed by sulfonation of carbon for 3 h and impregnation through titanium(IV) isopropoxide (500 µmol). The physical properties of the adsorbents were characterized by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption studies. The dye removal study using TiO2/SCEC adsorbent was carried out by varying of contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH, particles size of adsorbent and temperature. The kinetics models were determined by the effects of contact time and the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG), which were calculated by the effects of temperature. The results showed that the maximum dye removal capacity of TiO2/SCEC were 18.8 mg.g-1 for MB and 36.5 mg.g-1 for CR. The removal of MB and CR dyes using TiO2/SCEC adsorbent performed a pseudo-second order kinetic models with spontaneity. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Synthesis of 1-butoxy-4-tert-butylbenzene under The Effect of Multi-site Phase Transfer Catalysis System – A Kinetic Study
Authors: Sathiyaraj Manickam , Venkatesh Perumal
Published: July 2020

Phase transfer catalysis technique proved to be a useful method for synthesizing various organic compounds under heterogeneous reactions and recognized as a viable environmentally friendly. The influence of a new multi site phase transfer catalyst (MPTC) is the synthesis of 1-butoxy-4-tertbutylbenzene from 4-tert-butylphenol with 1-bromobutane (BB) under heterogeneous solid-liquid condition using potassium hydroxide as a base at 60 °C. The higher conversion of 1-bromobutane was achieved by using the synergistic condition of multi-site phase transfer catalyst in better efficacy. The reaction rate enhanced by decreases the volume of water. The apparent the reaction rate was found to be pseudo-first order kinetics. The apparent rate constant was increased linearly with the increase in the concentration of various parameters, such as: MPTC, temperature, potassium hydroxide, and stirring speed. The activation energy (Ea) was also calculated through the Arrhenius plot. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Sodium Periodate as a Selective Oxidant for Diclofenac Sodium in Alkaline Medium: A Quantum Chemical Approach
Authors: Gupta Madhu , Srivastava Amrita , Srivastava Sheila
Published: July 2020

Diclofenac sodium is a well known anti-inflammatory drug. It has also been proclaimed to exhibit adverse effects on aquatic animals through sewage and waste water treatment plants. Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the novel oxidation of diclofenac sodium (DFS) by sodium periodate were discussed with an emphasis on structure and reactivity by using kinetic and computational approach. The proposed work had been studied in alkaline medium at 303 K and at a constant ionic strength of 0.60 mol.dm−3. Formation of [2-(2,6-dicloro-phynylamino)-phenyl]-methanol as the oxidation product of DFS is confirmed with the help of structure elucidation. The active species of catalyst, oxidant and oxidation products were recognized by UV and IR spectral studies. Proton inventory studies in H2O−D2O mixtures had been shown the involvement of a single exchangeable proton of OH− ion in the transition state. All quantum chemical calculations were executed at level of density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP function using 6-31G (d,p) basis atomic set for the validation of structure, reaction and mechanism. Molecular orbital energies, nonlinear optical properties, bond length, bond angles, reactivity, electrophilic and nucleophilic regions were delineated. Influence of various reactants on rate of chemical reaction were also ascertained and elucidated spectro-photometrically. Activation parameters have been assessed using Arrhenius-Eyring plots. A suitable mechanism consistent with observed kinetic results had been implicated and rate law deduced. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Preliminary Synthesis of Calcium Silicates using Oil Palm Leaves and Eggshells.
Authors: Yudha S Salprima , Falahudin Aswin , Kaus Noor Haida Mohd , Thongmee Sirikanjana , Ikram Saiqa , Asdim Asdim
Published: July 2020

A new synthetic procedure is described for the synthesis of calcium silicate derivatives, using natural resources such as eggshell (ES) for calcium and oil palm leaves (OPL) for silica, which do not require prepurification. The reaction is performed by directly converting two weight ratio of the precursors, ES:3OPL and ES:6OPL, to dried-powder form by heat treatment at 900 °C for two hours. The results demonstrate that the concentration of the precursors has an effect on the morphology and crystallinity of the calcium silicate derivatives, mainly Ca2SiO4 and CaSiO3. X-ray diffraction results reveal that the reaction product obtained using a 1:3 ratio is quite pure, and mainly consisted of calcium silicate in the form of Ca2SiO4. The CaSiO3 was also identified in ES:6OPL, together with a small amount of excess non-reacted crystalline silica. Furthermore, a scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that both reaction products have a coarse surface. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Correction to: Studies on H2-Assisted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Reduction of NO over Ag/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Singh Pratichi , Yadav Deepak , Thakur Pooja , Pandey Jitendra , Prasad Ram
Published: July 2020

Correction to: Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis (2018), 13 (2): 227-235 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.2.1307.227-235)An error appeared in Corresponding Author in a paper entitled “Studies on H2-Assisted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Reduction of NO over Ag/Al2O3 Catalyst” published in Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis. The Corresponding Author is corrected to be:* Corresponding Authors. Tel: +919415268192. Email: rprasad.che@itbhu.ac.in (R. Prasad) Tel: +917505072607. Email: dyadav.rs.che13@iitbhu.ac.in (D. Yadav)——————The original article can be found online at: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.13.2.1307.227-235——————Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).How to Cite: Singh, P., Yadav, D., Thakur, P., Pandey, J., Prasad, R. (2020). Correction to: Studies on H2-Assisted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Reduction of NO over Ag/Al2O3 Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 15 (2): 603-603 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.15.2.7659.603-603)Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.2.7659.603-603
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Eosin Y Dye as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Perchloric Acid Solution
Authors: Attar Tarik , Benchadli Abbes , Messaoudi Boulanouar , Benhadria Naceur , Choukchou-Braham Esma
Published: July 2020

The adsorption behavior and the inhibition performance of Eosin Y Dye for carbon steel corrosion in 1 M perchloric acid solution have been carried using weight loss and scanning electron micrograph (SEM) techniques as well theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The studied inhibitor concentrations were between 5´10-5 M and 5´10-3 M. Results obtained revealed that Eosin Y is an effective inhibitor and its inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration to attain 96.91% at 5´10-3 M at 30 °C. Thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption heat, adsorption entropy and adsorption free energy were obtained from experimental data of the temperature studies of the inhibition process at five temperatures ranging from 20 to 60 °C. It was found that the adsorption of Eosin Y could prevent steel from weight loss and the adsorption accorded with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The free energy of adsorption showed that the corrosion inhibition takes place by spontaneous physicochemical adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the carbon steel surface. SEM and DFT studies confirm the adsorption of Eosin Y on carbon steel surface. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
CuAl LDH/Rice Husk Biochar Composite for Enhanced Adsorptive Removal of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Palapa Neza Rahayu , Taher Tarmizi , Rahayu Bakri Rio , Mohadi Risfidian , Rachmat Addy , Lesbani Aldes
Published: July 2020

The preparation of CuAl LDH and biochar (BC) composite derived from rice husk and its application as a low-cost adsorbent for enhanced adsorptive removal of malachite green has been studied. The composite was prepared by a one-step coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM−EDX). The result indicated that CuAl LDH was successfully incorporated with the biochar that evidenced by the broadening of XRD peak at 2θ = 24° and the appearance of a new peak at 1095 cm−1 on the FTIR spectra. The BET surface area analysis revealed that CuAl/BC composite exhibited a larger surface area (200.9 m2/g) that the original CuAl LDH (46.2 m2/g). Surface morphological changes also confirmed by SEM image, which showed more aggregated particles. The result of the adsorption study indicated the composite material was efficient in removing malachite green with Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of CuAl/BC reaching 470.96 mg/g, which is higher than the original CuAl LDH 59.523 mg/g. The thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption of malachite green occurs spontaneously (ΔG < 0 at all tested temperature) and endothermic nature. Moreover, the CuAl/BC composite showed strong potential as a low-cost adsorbent for cationic dye removal since it showed not only a high adsorption capacity but also good reusability. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement Form)
Authors: Istadi Istadi
Published: July 2020

Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement Form)
Importance relative des differentes fractions cellulaires dans la synthese hepatique des acides gras in vivo
Authors: Favarger P. , Gerlach J. , Rous S.
Published: July 2002

The results suggest that the cellular structures corresponding to the microsomes are the major site of fatty acid synthesis in the liver in vivo.
Some experiences in the estimation of parameters in non‐linear differential equations
Authors: Barnes J.G.P.
Published: July 2002

The author describes a procedure developed by himself and his colleagues for obtaining estimates of the parameters of rate equations, together with information about confidence regions for the estimates. The program has been used successfully for processing results from the chemical engineering industry, with highly non‐linear model systems, particularly since temperature was a variable, and the “rate constants” were non‐linear combinations of other constants. In biochemical situations, in which investigations are almost always at constant temperature, the non‐linearity should not be so extreme, and the procedure may well be capable of dealing with more than 5 to 7 parameters for which it is recommended.
Incorporation du desmosterol‐3‐3h dans les sterols du tabac nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Alcaide A. , Devys M. , Barbier M.
Published: July 2002

The propionate of 3‐3H desmosterol has been applied to the leaves of the tobacco Nicotiana tabacum Wisconsin. Radioactivity is incorporated into cholesterol and campesterol with a yield of about 0.5%; the C29 sterols are not labelled in this experiment.
Interaction entre pigments et acides nucleiques Etude sur l'interaction de l'Actinomycine D avec les nucléosides par Dichroïsme Circulaire
Authors: Courtois Yves , Guschlbauer Wilhelm , Fromageot Pierre
Published: July 2002

The interaction of Actinomycin C1 (AM) with purine nucleosides was investigated by circular dichroism. While dG and dGMP show identical interactions, rG, rGMP and 8‐aza‐GMP show lower tendency for complex formation. ara‐G shows no complex formation. 6‐Thio‐GMP shows the strongest affinity for AM in accordance with previous results. Substitution on N‐7 (methylation, protonation) or C‐8 (8‐Br‐rG, 8‐SH‐rG) eliminate completely the complexing capacity. Another type of weaker complexes is formed by dA, dAMP and rIMP, indicated by the appearance of a positive band at 440 nm. It is concluded that in these complexes both the electron donor capacity of the purine base as well as the steric flexibility of the sugar around the glycosidic linkage determine their complexing capacity.
Interactions substrat‐flavine‐hemoproteine et stabilite thermique du cytochrome b2 (L‐lactate deshydrogenase de la levure)
Authors: Capeillere-Blandin Chantal
Published: July 2002

Several interpretations can be proposed to explain the lack of protection of the haemoprotein by its substrate: 1) the structure of the substrate‐binding site depends on the presence of the FMN; 2) the substrate binding site exists, but the affinity is too small to be detected; 3) a hypothetical scheme is proposed, suggesting that the protein can exist under different thermally sensitive forms following whether FMN or substrate is present.
Fraktionierung handelsüblichen insulins. Gewinnung und eigenschaften einer hochmolekularen, insulin‐ähnlichen komponente
Authors: Zühlke H. , Kohnert K.-D. , Ziegler M. , Knospe S. , Behlke J.
Published: July 2002

A component with high molecular weight is prepared from commercial bovine insulin by gel filtration on Sephadex G 50. The substance has little biological and immunological activity in comparison to insulin. The activity is not changed by incubation with trypsin. It associates in 1 M CH3COOH and possesses a molecular weight of 28,500 as shown by ultracentrifugation. The ability of the component to precipitate with bovine insulin antibodies demonstrates that it contains immunologically active insulin‐like proteins and is not a homogenous substance.
Proteinsynthese in isolierten Leberzellkernen nach partieller hepatektomie
Authors: Alonso A. , Arnold H.P.
Published: July 2002

Incubation of liver nuclei from hepatectomised rats with radioactive amino acids shows that the rates of synthesis of the globular and residual protein fractions increase linearly for up to 24 hr after hepatectomy, whereas the histones show maximal incorporation at 15 hr.
Paramètres de liaison du 16 α, 17 β‐estriol avec des immunsérums antiestriol hautement spécifiques de lapins et de brebis
Authors: Savu L. , de Lauzon S. , Rombauts P. , Jayle M.F.
Published: July 2002

The binding of 16 α, 17 β‐estriol to highly specific rabbit and ewe anti‐esteriol antisera is studied comparatively, with an equilibrium dialysis technique. The affinity indices, association constants and concentrations of binding sites are measured. These parameters are discussed in relation to some immunological characteristics of the sera, previously determined by radioimmunoassay.
Partial tertiary structure assignments for the β‐, γ‐ and δ‐ subunits of the acetylcholine receptor on the basis of the hydrophobicity of amino acid sequences and channel location using single group rotation theory
Authors: Kosower Edward M.
Published: July 2002

Four transmembrane segments from each of the β‐, γ‐ and δ‐protein subunits of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) [Nature (1983) 301, 251–255], [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1983) 80, 1111–1115] have been selected on the basis of single group rotation (SGR) theory [Symp. Structure and Dynamics of Nucleic Acids and Proteins (Sept. 1982) abst. pp.52–53], [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1983) 111, 1022–1029] and the hydrophobicity of amino acid sequences. One helix from each subunit is assigned to the AChR ion channel. Criteria for the selection of ion channel elements are outlined.
Preferential sulfoxidation of the methionine residues of glycophorin A
Authors: Hardy Robert E. , Dill Kilian
Published: July 2002

Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor the preferential sulfoxidation of the two methionine residues (8 and 81) of glycophorin A. In urea Met‐8 is readily oxidized. However, Met‐81 can only be oxidized in trifluoroacetic acid containing hydrogen peroxide. Our results also give some insight into the reagent accessibility of different portions of the protein molecule and the general stability of this glycoprotein.
The substructure of phosphodiesterase as established by radiation inactivation
Authors: Ottolenghi P. , Ellory J.C. , Klein R.A.
Published: July 2002

A model for the activation of phosphodiesterase by calmoduling based on a conversion of inactive dimers to active monomers, derived from radiation inactivation studies J. Biol. Chem. (1981) 256, 11351–11355 has been re‐examined using a simple probability argument. We conclude that the original model is not supported by the radiation inactivation studies, since our analysis of this model would predict that the rate of radiation inactivation of calmodulin‐dependent phosphodiesterase activity be exactly twice that for the decay in total activity in marked contrast with the results obtained.