bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aksi demonstrasi mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Padang sebagai saluran aspirasi politik
Authors: Oktariza Siska , Rafni Al , Suryanef Suryanef , Hamdi Irwan
Published: February 2025

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aksi demonstrasi mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Padang sebagai saluran aspirasi politik terhadap aksi demonstrasi mahasiswa tahun 2019. Hal itu dilatarbelakangi dari demonstrasi yang seharusnya menjadi salah satu cara untuk menyuarakan aspirasi masyarakat yang pastinya dilakukan dengan penuh rasa tanggung jawab kini menjadi cenderung anarkis dan jauh dari rasa tanggung jawab. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian di Universitas Negeri Padang. Informan penelitian dipilih secara purposive sampling yang menjadi informan penelitian yaitu Anggota DPRD Sumbar, Wakil Dekan III FIS, Anggota BEM UNP, Anggota WP2SOSPOL UNP, Mahasiswa UNP yang Ikut Demonstrasi, dan Masyarakat sekitar UNP. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara dan dokumentasi. Alat pengumpulan data yaitu pedoman wawancara, buku catatan kecil, kamera HP, dan daftar informan yang akan diwawancarai. Teknik analisis data yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulani. Uji keabasahan data yaitu triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksi demonstrasi yang dilakukan mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Padang ada 10 aksi turun ke jalan, demonstrasi yang berujung anarkis disebabkan karena adanya provokator sehingga mahasiswa merusak fasilitas umum. Tindak lanjut dari aksi demonstrasi mahasiswa adalah mahasiswa yang datang saat melakukan aksi demonstrasi harus mempunyai solusi dan paham dengan masalah yang terjadi pada saat aksi.
Penerapan Profil Pelajar Pancasila melalui kegiatan gotong royong
Authors: Sari Widia Permata , Ananda Azwar , Montessori Maria , Indrawadi Junaidi
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai penerapan profil pelajar Pancasila melalui kegiatan gotong royong yang merupakan salah satu dimensi dari Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Hal ini ditujukan dan mengarahkan peserta didik menjadi makhluk sosial dengan mewujudkan sikap peduli, saling tolong menolong satu sama lain dan memiliki sifat rendah hati. Jenis Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode fenomenologi. Untuk mendapatkan data, peneliti memakai metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data dimulai dari reduksi data, kemudian tahap penyajian data, terakhir penarikan kesimpulan. Untuk mengecek keabsahan data digunakan teknik Trianggulasi sumber. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa sudah cukup baik dalam menerapkan profil Pelajar Pancasila melalui kegiatan gotong royong, dengan ikut serta melakukan partisipasi terhadap lingkungan sekolah. Meskipun demikian, terdapat hambatan/kendala yang dihadapi oleh siswa yaitu faktor internal yang dimana siswa kurang memiliki kesadaran diri dan motivasi serta komitmen untuk melaksanakan kegiatan tersebut. Padahal sekolah memberikan sosialisasi dikelas, motivasi, memberikan penghargaan/reward, sanksi yang tegas dan melaksanakan kegiatan khusus di sekolah.
Implementasi Program Sekolah Ramah Anak di SMA
Authors: Zahara Nurul Husna , Indrawadi Junaidi , Dewi Susi Fitria , Ersya Muhammad Prima
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana implementasi Sekolah Ramah Anak di SMAN 1 Ampek Angkek. Deskripsi tersebut terkait faktor pendukung dan penghambat dari pengimplementasian Program Sekolah Ramah Anak. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Penentuan informan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Pada tahap validasi data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Implementasi Program Sekolah Ramah Anak mengacu pada komponen Sekolah Ramah Anak yaitu kebijakan sekolah ramah anak, pembelajaran ramah anak, pendidik dan tenaga pendidik yang terlatih, sarana dan prasarana yang ramah anak, partisipasi orang tua beserta lembaga masyarakat, dunia usaha, instansi terkait dan alumni. Faktor pendukung dalam implementasi Sekolah Ramah Anak yakni kualitas guru yang menunjang program, keikutsertaan peserta didik, serta sarana dan prasarana yang memadai. Sedangkan faktor penghambat program Sekolah Ramah Anak yakni pengaruh teknologi yang semakin canggih serta pengaruh lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan sosial dan lingkungan bermain anak yang berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan anak.
Penanaman nilai-nilai kebhinekaan pada Fase D kurikulum merdeka
Authors: Nesti Tirza , Indrawadi Junaidi , Ananda Azwar , S Nurman
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana penanaman nilai-nilai kebhinekaan dilakukan pada fase D Kurikulum Merdeka di sekolah menengah pertama. Jenis Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan, observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penanaman nilai-nilai kebhinekaan dilaksanakan melalui tiga metode yaitu pemahaman yaitu dengan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai kebhinekaan pada pembelajaran PPKn Kurikulum Merdeka. Pembiasaan meliputi kegiatan pembiasaan mingguan sekolah, kegiatan keagamaan, serta pengalaman kebhinekaan di SMP Negeri 10 Kerinci tergambar dari kegiatan ekstrakurikuler yang beragam, dan kegiatan Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Keteladanan melalui sikap yang dicontohkan oleh kepala sekolah maupun guru yang memberikan hak siswa secara adil kepada seluruh siswa tanpa melihat latar belakangnya.
Implementasi project-based learning pada kegiatan penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila di SMA
Authors: Delviyani Delviyani , Tiara Monica , Indrawadi Junaidi , Kurniawati Eni
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana implementasi Project Based Learning dalam kegiatan P5 di SMAN 12 Bungo dan mengidentifikasi berbagai kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Penelitian ini melibatkan guru sebagai fasilitator P5, serta siswa yang mengikuti kegiatan P5 berbasis PjBL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan PjBL dalam P5 memberikan dampak positif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan kolaborasi, pemecahan masalah, dan berpikir kritis pada siswa. Namun, terdapat beberapa kendala yang dihadapi, seperti kurangnya pemahaman guru tentang penerapan PjBL, keterbatasan fasilitas pendukung, dan rendahnya partisipasi siswa dalam perencanaan proyek. Beberapa guru mengalami kesulitan dalam merancang proyek yang sesuai dengan konteks lokal dan kebutuhan siswa. Sementara siswa cenderung kurang terlibat dalam pengambilan keputusan terkait proyek yang dijalankan. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, penelitian ini merekomendasikan beberapa langkah strategis, di antaranya peningkatan kompetensi guru melalui pelatihan intensif, penyediaan fasilitas yang lebih memadai, serta penguatan keterlibatan siswa dalam setiap tahap proyek.
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF THE WAY FOR EVALUATING THE SPREAD OF ACUTE PERITONITIS
Authors: Grynchuk F. F. , Grynchuk F. V.
Published: February 2025

Abstract Objective. To explore way for objectively assessing the spread of acute peritonitis in experimental settings. Materials and methods. A study was conducted on 50 albino non-pedigree rats, divided into two groups: 10 served as the control group, and 40 were part of the research group. Acute peritonitis was induced in the research group through an intraperitoneal injection of a 20 % autofecal mixture. Both groups underwent laparotomy at intervals of 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours following the induction of peritonitis. During these procedures, the width of the scattering zone of laser beams with wavelengths of 0.63 μm and 0.4 μm was measured on the parietal peritoneum. Subsequently, the peritoneum was collected for histological examination. Results. In the initial stages, no changes were observed in the histological structure of the peritoneum and adjacent tissues. However, serous inflammation of the peritoneum was detected 6 hours after modeling, which later progressed to purulent inflammation. At the same time, the scattering zone of a laser beam with a wavelength of λ=0.63 μm increased significantly and continued to do so consistently. A similar pattern was observed for a beam with a wavelength of λ=0.4 μm. By 48 hours, the measurements were similar to those at 24 hours. The ratio of the scattering zone widths for the two wavelengths increased significantly 6 hours after simulating peritonitis and remained stable thereafter. Conclusions. 1. The scattering zone width ratio of laser beams with wavelengths of λ=0.63 μm and λ=0.5 μm shows a statistically significant difference between intact and inflamed areas of the rats' parietal peritoneum. 2. In the intact peritoneum, the ratio indicators are less than 2 units, whereas in the inflamed peritoneum, these parameters increase significantly.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE COSTAL PART OF THE DIAPHRAGM ARE CAUSED BY PNEUMOPERITONEUM OF MODERATE PRESSURE IN THE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Kritsak M.
Published: February 2025

Laparoscopy, one of the minimally invasive procedures, is a widely used procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of various types of clinical problems. Pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy causes a displacement of the diaphragm by 1-3 cm. towards the pleural cavity and can cause problems in organs and tissues after surgery. Does the morphological structure of the diaphragm change?
Aim. To investigate the histological structure of the costal part of the diaphragm after intra-abdominal pressure created by carbon dioxide for different times.
Material and methods. The experimental study was performed on 40 animals, which were divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each as follows. Group I - an intact group, which was not modeled with any pathology, was used as an indicator of the norm of the morphological picture. Group II – created PP for 1 hour, Group III – created PP for 3 hours and Group IV – created PP for 5 hours. After which the required part of the diaphragm was selected.
Results. The obtained data on the morphology of the intact group indicated the signs characteristic of this group of muscles. In Group II, muscle fibers with clear transverse striation were detected, located compactly, variability in thickness was observed, and they took a wavy arrangement. In Group IIІ animals, transverse striation is visualized fragmentarily, the nuclei are located unevenly with dislocation to the center. Signs of venous congestion were observed. The connective tissue is loosened by edema, there are low-intensity cellular infiltrates in the composition of which lymphocytes and histiocytes predominated. When studying the materials of Group IV animals, a deepening of destructive changes was observed. Muscle fibers are compactly arranged, but the boundaries are not clear. Eosinophilic areas alternate with hypochromic, in places there is sarcoplasmic decay and myocytolysis. Venous and capillary engorgement, there is a distribution leukocytosis. 
Conclusion. It was established that pneumoperitoneum at a level of 5 mm Hg. leads to the appearance of destructive changes in the costal part of the diaphragm and is comparable to the intact group. The severity of these changes depends on the duration of intra-abdominal pressure created in this experimental model.
FEATURES OF REMODELING OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF RAT KIDNEYS USING VARIOUS REHYDRATION METHODS AFTER SEVERE GENERAL DEHYDRATION
Authors: Herasymiuk I. , Vakhnovska Kh.
Published: February 2025

When restoring water balance after dehydration, it is important to consider a number of factors, since the wrong correction can be harmful and have undesirable consequences.
The purpose of the study: to establish the features of the influence of various methods of rehydration after general dehydration on the structural reorganization of the kidneys of white rats. The experiments were conducted on white rats. General dehydration was simulated by feeding dry oats without access to water for 10 days. In 3 groups, water balance was restored with dosed drinking water consumption, unlimited water consumption and unlimited consumption of saline. The study was conducted after 1, 3, 6 and 10 days.
Morphometric studies of histological sections of the kidneys included determination of: the area of the glomerulus with the capsule, the area of the capillary loops of the glomerulus and the area of the urinary space. The use of different methods of rehydration after dehydration has a qualitatively identical, but quantitatively different effect on the recovery processes in the kidneys, which are based on different types of reactions of blood vessels. With unlimited consumption of drinking water, an increase in the tone of smooth muscle membranes with thickening of the walls of the arteries was observed after just one day. Moreover, if in the interlobular arteries this was a progression of the process that arose as a result of dehydration, then in the arcuate and interlobular arteries dehydration initially caused dilatation reactions, and they were replaced by reactions of the opposite direction. As a result, due to edema of the tubular epithelium surrounding the renal corpuscles, the latter decreased in size. The size of the capillary glomeruli also decreased. The urinary spaces continued to remain dilated. After 3 days of the recovery period, reversible changes were noted in the renal corpuscles and vessels, which continued in the next 6 and 10 days of observation. Similar, but quantitatively less pronounced were the changes with unlimited use of saline solution. The most effective qualitatively was the dosed use of water.
Thus, the use of different methods of restoring water balance after dehydration has a qualitatively identical, but quantitatively different effect on the structural reorganization of the kidneys. The most effective qualitatively and quantitatively was the dosed use of water.
CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF PRP THERAPY IN THE COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF TROPНICAL ULCERATIONS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Authors: Polyovyi V. , Pavlunishin R. , Plehutsa O. , Palyanitsa A. , Proskurniak M. , Fordzun O. , Volianiuk K.
Published: February 2025

Treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities of various origins remains one of the current scientific and practical problems of surgery today. In recent years, the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma as a factor for stimulating soft tissue regeneration has gained considerable popularity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP therapy in the complex treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities.
When analyzing the obtained data, a positive effect of the PRP therapy method on the early appearance of granulation tissue was revealed, and its smaller effect on the epithelialization process compared to the comparison group. In each specific case, the presence of concomitant vascular pathology and metabolic changes was taken into account, but the trend of the healing process indicated a clear positive effect of the PRP therapy method on wound cleansing and the appearance of granulations earlier in patients in the main group than in the comparison group. The dynamics had a linear, decreasing nature, which was clinically characterized by a decrease in inflammatory changes in the wound, already after the first 3 days of treatment using the specified method. In the comparative analysis, it should be noted that the largest changes, the difference in the indicators of patients in the main group occurred in the indicators "Swelling" and "Exudation", a somewhat smaller dynamics of changes was observed in the indicator "Hyperemia". 
Conclusion. The use of the treatment method using autologous platelet-rich plasma allowed to reduce the patient's hospital stay by more than 10 %, accelerated the cleansing of the wound from necrotic tissues and the transition of the wound process to the second phase, and stimulated the early appearance of granulations several days earlier than in patients in the comparison group.
FEATURES OF THE MICROANATOMY OF THE UMBILICAL VEIN IN THE FETAL AND EARLY NEONATAL PERIODS OF ONTOGENESIS
Authors: Zabrodska O.
Published: February 2025

Studying the microanatomy of the umbilical vein during the fetal period is important because of its critical role in providing the fetus with oxygen and nutrients necessary for normal development. Analysis of the microanatomical features of the umbilical vein allows us to identify the key mechanisms of adaptation of the vascular system to intrauterine conditions, which is important both for fundamental science and clinical practice. Data on age-related changes in the structure of the umbilical vein can help in the diagnosis and prevention of complications associated with placental blood circulation disorders.
The purpose of the study is to establish the peculiarities of the microstructure of the umbilical vein during the fetal period. Material and methods. 70 objects of fetuses and 7 newborns were used for the study. To achieve the goal, a complex of morphological research methods was used, which includes macro-microdissection, production of topographic-anatomical sections, radiography, and morphometry.
The results. The wall of the umbilical vein in the fetal period has a multi-layered structure, which includes the endothelium (inner shell – intima), subendothelial layer, muscle layer (middle shell – media) and adventitia (outer shell). This structure provides mechanical stability of the vessel and optimal conditions for blood transportation. The endothelial layer of the umbilical vein in fetuses is characterized by a dense arrangement of cells that actively synthesize glycosaminoglycans, which contributes to uniform blood flow and protection of the vessel wall from mechanical damage. The subendothelial layer has a variable thickness, which is associated with adaptive changes to hemodynamic conditions. 
A large number of fibroblasts and collagen fibers were found in it, which ensure the elasticity and flexibility of the vessel wall. The muscle layer of the umbilical vein is represented by smooth muscle cells that form circularly oriented bundles. This layer plays an important role in maintaining vessel tone and ensuring constant blood flow. The adventitia consists mainly of loose connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerve fibers that provide metabolic support and innervation of the vein wall.
Conclusions. Therefore, in early fetuses, the inner membrane of the wall of the umbilical vein is thin and characterized by a weak development of smooth myocytes, none of the fibers are noted. At the end of the fetal period, all layers of the umbilical vein acquire the greatest development: the outer adventitian layer becomes stronger, the middle layer contains many smooth myocytes, and collagen fibers appear first, and later elastic ones. For the first time, many macrophages, phagocytes, and fibroblasts can be seen in the layers of the umbilical vein wall. In newborns, the number of smooth myocytes and macrophages increases several times, leukocytes and lymphocytes appear.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN KIDNEY PARENCHYM AND NEPHRON STRUCTURES AFTER EXPLOSION-INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL INJURY
Authors: Kosharnyi V. , Kahramanyan A. , Rutgayzer V. , Gruzd V. , Kosharnyi D. , Voloshyn V.
Published: February 2025

Under the conditions of simulated explosive-induced experimental trauma and three experimental models, we carried out the impact of a blast wave on the renal parenchyma and nephron structures using a patented device (pat. 146858 Ukraine, MPK G09B23/28) and analyzed macroscopic and microscopic changes that are specific to the renal parenchyma of rats at different periods of exposure. Based on all the studies conducted, it can be stated that under the conditions of a blast wave on the first, seventh and fourteenth day, different, but morphofunctional, manifestations are manifested in impaired hemocirculation, the occurrence of edema and impaired renal function, and especially the nephron, the impairment of which, as a separate method, we investigated based on the results of a general analysis of rat urine. As a result of our work, comparative characteristics of changes in the morphology of the organ and its function were clarified. After the impact of the shock wave in the acute, early and late periods, not only morphological changes occur, but also changes in laboratory data and morphometric indicators. Macroscopically, these changes were manifested in a change in the external color - brighter and brighter in the acute, less - in the early and late period. According to the results presented in this study, pathological morphological phenomena were detected in the components of the nephron in the form of local edema of the perivascular spaces, blood supply disorders at the level of the microcirculatory bed. Functionally, glomerular disorders had consequences in changing quantitative laboratory indicators in urine tests, they were different in the acute, early and late periods, but in all terms of exposure, the only characteristic signs of the impact of the blast wave were - erythrocyturia, proteinuria and tripelphosphaturia.
THE WORK OF THE STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CLUB AT THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTOLOGY, CYTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY OF THE IVAN HORBACHEVSKY TERNOPIL NATIONAL MEDICALUNIVERSITY OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE
Authors: Shuturma O. , Nebesna Z. , Hetmaniuk I. , Kulbitska V. , Ohinska N.
Published: February 2025

Students' research activities are an important means of organizing their academic work for in-depth study of various aspects of histology, cytology and embryology. An important stage in the formation of a future specialist is the student's independent work, during which teachers identify the most proactive and interested students who continue their research within the activities of the student scientific club of the department. The student scientific club, which was created at the Department of Histology and Embryology of the Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, contributes to the improvement of scientific training of higher education students, their organization, formation of scientific independence, responsible attitude to learning, development of communication skills between peers and team spirit. The main goal of the scientific club is to train well-rounded and highly qualified doctors. The members of the club are actively involved in modeling experiments, making histological microdissections, conducting morphometric studies, analyzing the morphological structure with a light microscope, and presenting the results of their work in scientific abstracts and articles. During the existence of the student scientific club at the Department of Histology and Embryology, its members annually win prizes at intra-university, inter-university and international scientific conferences and congresses.
CLINICAL ANATOMY OF THE ORAL CAVITY FLOOR
Authors: Khmara T. , Kuzniak N. , Ryznychuk M. , Zamorskii I. , Chernikova H. , Petryuk A.
Published: February 2025

Modern development of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery requires thorough basic morphological studies of the oral cavity and surrounding tissues, as well as generalization of existing literature data. The analysis of modern scientific literature allows us to conclude that, despite a number of scientific anatomical works, the determination of ontogenetic transformations and individual anatomical variability of muscles and fasciae, blood vessels and nerves of the human oral cavity floor are topical issues of modern medicine.
The floor of the mouth is a complex of soft tissues (muscles, fascia, subcutaneous tissue, glands, blood vessels, and nerves) located between the mandible and the hyoid bone. The main muscle of the floor of the oral cavity is the paired maxillary hyoid muscle. There are two permanent gaps in the floor of the oral cavity: 1) between the posterior margin of the maxillomandibular muscle and the hyoid-lingual muscle; 2) between the muscle fiber bundles of the maxillomandibular muscle in the area of the anastomosis of the lingual and chin arteries. The inconsistent gap through which the tissues of the hyoid and suprahyoid areas are connected includes the gap of the oral diaphragm at the point where the "diaphragmatic" process of the hyoid gland enters it.
There are several intermuscular spaces between the muscles of the floor of the mouth, which play an important role in the spread of inflammatory processes in the floor of the mouth. Thus, above the maxillary hyoid muscle, there are 1) paired beds of sublingual salivary glands, or lateral cellular spaces of the floor of the mouth, which are bounded from above - by the mucous membrane that runs from the tongue to the gums of the lower jaw; from below - by the maxillary hyoid muscle; medially - by the tongue muscles; laterally - by the lower jaw; 2) an unpaired internal intermuscular space between the right and left hyoid and tongue muscles, containing a small layer of loose connective tissue, where deep inflammatory processes can develop; 3) paired intermuscular spaces between the hyoid and tongue muscles and the hyoid and tongue muscles.
Below the maxillomandibular muscle there are: 1) paired interfascial gaps between the subcutaneous neck muscle, which is covered by the superficial neck fascia, and the division of the superficial plate of the neck fascia proper, which forms the fascial vagina of the submandibular salivary gland; 2) unpaired musculofascial gap between the anterior belly of the biceps brachii and the maxillomandibular muscles.
The conducted meta-analysis of foreign and domestic literature will broaden the horizons of scientists, students and doctors about the morphological features of fascial and cellular spaces, muscles, main and additional sources of blood supply and innervation of the walls of the oral cavity, especially its floor, with regard to the forms of age-related anatomical variability.
Solar gamma-ray flares that occur before low-power optical flares
Authors: Рогов Виктор
Published: February 2025

Solar gamma-ray flares occurring within a few minutes before an optical flare on the Sun were studied. It was found that the intensity of gamma-ray flares per optical flare varies over the 11-year solar cycle and reaches a minimum near the maximum activity in the cycle. A possible cause for this phenomenon is discussed
Краткое введение в различия между частотным и байесовским подходами к вероятности в оценке стоимости
Authors: Мурашев Кирилл
Published: February 2025

При словах «математическая статистика» и «статистические методы» большинство тех, кто не является математиком или специалистом по машинному обучению, вспоминают такие понятия как «нулевая гипотеза», «уровень значимости», «статистика критерия» и многое другое, что преподаётся на курсах статистики в вузах. Возможно для кого-то станет открытием: всё это лишь часть того, что есть современная наука о вероятности. Традиционно изучаемые методы относятся к одному направлению: статистике, основанной на частотном подходе к вероятности [8]. Однако наука не стоит на месте. Примерно с 1950-х годов XX века распространение начал получать и другой подход к понятию вероятности –– т. н. байесовский подход к вероятности [4]. Данный подход стал особенно популярным в последние 20–30 лет, и на сегодня можно говорить, что именно он определяет развитие такой области как машинное обучение, являющейся предметом интереса всего исследования применения методов искусственного интеллекта в оценочной
деятельности. Забегая вперёд, можно сказать, что эти два подхода не являются взаимоисключающими, используют один математический аппарат и при определённых условиях один из них перерождается в другой.
Antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations can be imputed from phenotypic data using a random forest approach
Authors: Anil Gayatri , Glass Joshua , Mosaddegh Abdolreza , Cazer Casey L.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health threat requiring monitoring across multiple sectors because AMR genes and pathogens can pass between humans, animals, and the environment. Idiosyncrasies in AMR data, including missing data and changes in testing protocols, make characterizing AMR trends over time and sectors challenging. Therefore, this study applied machine learning methods to impute missing minimum inhibitory concentrations.

Methods

Models were built using cattle-associated Escherichia coli from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Random forest models were designed to predict the minimum inhibitory concentration of a given E coli isolate for 10 antimicrobials. Predictors included isolate metadata and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of other antimicrobials. Model performance was evaluated on held-out test data and 2 external datasets (E coli isolated from chickens and humans).

Results

Overall, the accuracy within 1 minimum inhibitory concentration category was over 80% for all 10 antimicrobials and over 90% for 5 antimicrobials on test data. Six of the models performed as well on both external datasets as on test data, whereas the remaining 4 had similar accuracy on the human dataset but lower on the chicken data.

Conclusions

These results indicate that the models can predict minimum inhibitory concentration values at a level of accuracy that would be helpful for imputation in resistance datasets.

Clinical Relevance

The imputation of missing minimum inhibitory concentrations would allow for better evaluation of AMR trends over time, helping inform stewardship policies. These models may also help streamline surveillance and clinical susceptibility testing because they suggest which antimicrobials need to be laboratory-tested and which can be extrapolated by modeling.
UNRAVELING INDONESIA'S PEATLAND POLICIES: IMPLICATIONS AND INCONSISTENCIES
Authors: M Mohd. Yusuf Daeng , Yusuf Fadly Daeng , Yuliani Febri , Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini
Published: February 2025

This article offers a legal perspective on the intricate web of Indonesian peatland policies, emphasizing their repercussions and inherent contradictions. Through an in-depth analysis of the legal frameworks and regulations governing peatland management in Indonesia, this study unravels the complexities and discrepancies present within these policies. It critically examines the repercussions stemming from these policies, shedding light on their unintended outcomes, including environmental, social, and economic ramifications. To address the complexities surrounding peatland policy in Indonesia, this article employes a multi-faceted legal research methodology. Primarily, it involves a doctrinal analysis, where relevant laws, regulations, and policies are systematically reviewed to identify inconsistencies and gaps. This study  highlights the legal intricacies and challenges faced in implementing and enforcing peatland policy, ultimately seeking to propose a pathway for a more coherent, effective and harmonious legal framework to address the complexities of peatland management in Indonesia.
UNITED KINGDOM IMPOSES SANCTIONS ON ROMAN ABRAMOVICH'S ASSETS: IS IT AN INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION?
Authors: Owen Patrick , Amalia Prita , Trisnamansyah Purnama
Published: February 2025

The asset freeze imposed by the United Kingdom(UK) on Roman Abramovich raises a critical legal issue regarding its classification as indirect expropriation under international investment law. A legal gap exists in interpreting economic sanctions as acts of indirect expropriation, particularly their compatibility with protections provided under Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). The research addresses whether such sanctions constitute unlawful indirect expropriation and examines the protection of Abramovich’s rights as a foreign investor under international law. Using a normative juridical approach, the analysis draws on international treaties, arbitration case law, and BIT provisions between Russia Federation and the United Kingdom. Findings indicate that the sanctions meet the criteria for indirect expropriation, causing substantial economic loss and disruption to Abramovich’s investments, including Chelsea FC. This paper contributes to the discourse on balancing state sovereignty, regulatory powers, and investor protections, offering insights into the broader implications of politically motivated actions on foreign investments.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE REGULATION GOVERNING AD HOC JUDGES IN THE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COURT OF INDONESIA
Authors: Pamungkas Yogo , Amriyati Amriyati , Yurikosari Andari , Setiawati Anda , Lie Ribka Yonathan
Published: February 2025

This article examines the current construction of ad hoc judges within the Industrial Relations Court (PHI) and the resulting challenges impacting the settlement of industrial relations disputes. The primary objective of this analysis is to identify the legal problems associated with the present framework regulating ad hoc PHI judges and to propose solutions that mitigate these weaknesses. Utilizing a normative qualitative research methodology, this study relies on secondary data, employing both a statutory and conceptual approach to comprehension. Findings suggest that the existing construction of ad hoc PHI judges may compromise the objectivity of their decisions. This potential for bias can adversely affect fair conflict resolution, undermining trust in the judicial process. In light of these findings, the article advocates for a comprehensive reconstruction of the regulatory framework governing ad hoc judges. This would involve legislative reforms aimed at enhancing the performance and quality of PHI ad hoc judges. Such reforms could include stricter selection criteria, ongoing training programs, and mechanisms for accountability to ensure that these judges can make impartial and informed decisions. Ultimately, by addressing the identified legal shortcomings and implementing the proposed solutions, the integrity of the industrial relations dispute resolution process can be significantly improved. This approach not only aims to safeguard justice and fairness in industrial relations but also enhances the overall efficacy of the legal system in Indonesia. The insights  underscore the urgent need for legislative action to foster a robust and unbiased framework for ad hoc PHI judges, ensuring equitable outcomes for all parties involved in industrial disputes.
Uma nova censura? Reflexões sobre os sentidos da expressão “lugar de fala” e sua relação com a liberdade de manifestação do pensamento ilustradas pelo caso Lilia Schwarcz
Authors: Haeberlin Mártin , De Bastos Michelli Linhares
Published: February 2025

Este artigo analisa o conceito de “lugar de fala”, seu uso no contexto contemporâneo e suas implicações para a liberdade de expressão, com foco em como esse conceito pode ser empregado de maneira excludente, gerando novas formas de censura. O objetivo é refletir sobre as dissociações entre o uso popular da expressão e suas fundações teóricas, explorando o impacto dessas distorções na efetividade do direito à livre manifestação. A metodologia adotada é de revisão literária, resgatando diferentes tradições filosóficas a fim de se pensar uma epistemologia do conceito de “lugar de fala”, propondo dois sentidos para o conceito: um jurídico-político, que busca ampliar a voz de grupos historicamente silenciados, e outro “egotópico”, que restringe a expressão a determinados sujeitos. O estudo ilustra essas questões por meio do caso da historiadora Lilia Schwarcz, que enfrentou ataques após publicar um texto sobre a cantora Beyoncé. A análise conclui que o uso apropriado da expressão “lugar de fala” deve ser um meio de inclusão e ampliação de vozes marginalizadas, enquanto seu uso indevido pode resultar em novas formas de censura (pós-censura, ou censura indireta), prejudicando a liberdade de expressão e o direito de manifestação crítica.
Hot Drilling of SAE 1045 Steel Through Forging
Authors: Aguiar Fernando Silveira de , Martins Vinicius
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This theoretical-experimental study aimed to reduce the manufacturing costs of eye bolts used in agricultural machinery by proposing an innovative approach that eliminates the need for machining by performing the hole drilling while the piece is still hot, thus optimizing the production process.
 
Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the principles of hot forging and punch drilling, exploring the interaction between the part design and computational simulation to improve the process. Aspects such as tool wear, forming parameters, and finite element analysis are considered to better understand the variables involved in production.
 
Method: The research was conducted through computational simulation using Simufact Forming software to evaluate cavity filling and predict the new geometry of the part. Following this, necessary devices such as die, punch, and deburring tool were designed and manufactured to implement the methodology in an industrial setting. The experimental phase involved producing and testing 4,000 units to evaluate the dimensional quality of the parts and the tool durability.
 
Results and Discussion: The results revealed that the new strategy of hot drilling eliminated the machining step, resulting in an annual savings of one ton of raw material and a reduction of 225 hours of CNC machine operation. Computational analysis showed a homogeneous response without structural defects, and the tool exhibited moderate wear without compromising the final product’s quality.
 
Implications of the Research: The findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility of replacing machining with hot drilling, yielding significant gains in productivity, sustainability, and industrial competitiveness.
 
Originality/Value: This proposal is innovative in presenting an efficient alternative for manufacturing forged parts, contributing significantly to cost reduction and environmental impact mitigation in the metalworking industry. The combination of hot forging and punch drilling offers an unprecedented solution with potential substantial benefits to the agricultural machinery industry.
Allergic comorbidities in fibromyalgia
Authors: Magen Eli , Merzon Eugene , Green Ilan , Magen Israel , Golan-Cohen Avivit , Vinker Shlomo , Israel Ariel
Published: February 2025

Background: The relationship between fibromyalgia (FM) and allergic diseases remains poorly understood, despite emerging evidence that suggests a possible association. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of allergic comorbidities in
patients with FM compared with a matched control group. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, population-based case-control study within Leumit Health Services, which caters to ∼750,000 members. Patients meeting the evolving criteria of the American College of Rheumatology
from January 2002 to December 2023 were included. Control subjects were selected from the same population base but did not have a diagnosis of FM, were matched 5:1 on sex, age, and year of first membership. All diagnoses were identified by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth
Revision (ICD-9) codes up to March 2024. Results: The analysis included 15,869 patients diagnosed with FM and 79,345 matched controls. There was a predominant female representation (82.1%) in both groups. The prevalence of bronchial asthma was higher in patients with FM
compared with the controls, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.91. The patients with FM also exhibited higher rates of both nonseasonal and seasonal allergic rhinitis, with ORs of 1.60 and 1.30, respectively, and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps demonstrated an OR of 2.46. Acute allergic
conjunctivitis had an OR of 2.05. Skin-related allergies such as contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis showed ORs of 1.48 and 1.41, respectively. Furthermore, the patients with FM displayed elevated rates of various forms of urticaria and chronic pruritus, alongside higher incidences of
food allergies and specific drug allergies. Anaphylactic reactions to food were notably more common in patients with FM, who presented an OR of 2.50. Conclusion: FM is associated with a higher prevalence of allergic diseases compared with the controls. Analysis of these
findings suggests the need for allergological assessments in FM management.
To test or not to test: Lessons learned from screening infants for peanut allergy
Authors: Engelhardt Emily , Prince Benjamin T. , Stukus David R. , Messeh Elizabeth , Mikhail Irene
Published: February 2025

Background: In recent years, there has been a trend to forgo screening for peanut allergy (PA), even in infants at high risk. This study aimed to better understand the implications of screening for PA before peanut introduction. Objective: We sought to
characterize the outcomes of infants who underwent PA skin testing in a tertiary-care allergy clinic. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review between July 1, 2017, and December 31, 2020, on all infants seen in the allergy clinic who had a peanut skin-prick test
and recorded their demographic and clinical characteristics as well as outcomes with regard to PA and tolerance. Results: Twenty percent of the infants screened were identified as having PA. Infants with a PA were more likely to be older at the time of testing, more likely
to have another allergist-diagnosed immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated food allergy, and more likely to have a prescription for a stronger (class VI or stronger) topical steroid. When conducted, oral food challenge was safe, with the majority of infants being treated with observation or antihistamines.
A large percentage of infants with a PA developed tolerance during the follow-up period. Conversely, 5% of the infants who were initially tolerant developed a new PA. Conclusion: PA is associated with severe atopic dermatitis and other IgE-mediated food allergies. However,
it is unclear if there is a benefit from screening infants before peanut introduction. It is important to monitor for resolution in the infant population.
Clinical characteristics and biological treatment responses of patients with late-onset asthma phenotype
Authors: Kayikci Hazal , Damadoglu Ebru , Cihanbeylerden Melek , Tuccar Cise , Karakaya Gul , Kalyoncu Ali Fuat
Published: February 2025

Background: The data on subphenotypes and treatment responses to biologicals in late-onset asthma (LOA) is limited. This study aims to compare the clinical characteristics and treatment responses in severe asthma patients receiving biological treatments, categorized into
early-onset asthma (EOA) and LOA groups. Methods: Patients treated with omalizumab or mepolizumab for at least six months at a tertiary care adult allergy clinic between December 2015 and December 2023 were included. Patients with persistent respiratory symptoms starting
at age ≥40 years were categorized as LOA, while those with onset <40 years were categorized as EOA. Changes in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-6) scores, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) percentages, and blood eosinophil counts were assessed at baseline and 6 months. The
percentage change in FEV1 (liters) at 6 months relative to baseline was measured. Clinical remission rates were evaluated in those completing one year of treatment. Results: Among 87 patients, 38 (43.7%) had LOA and 49 (56.3%) had EOA. Of these, 22 (25.3%) received omalizumab
and 65 (74.7%) received mepolizumab, with a mean treatment duration of 24.7 (±19.7) months. LOA patients had higher obesity rates and tobacco consumption compared to EOA patients (p = 0.041 and p = 0.024, respectively). There were no significant differences between LOA and EOA groups
in ACQ scores, FEV1 percentage, the percentage change in FEV1 in liters and eosinophil counts (p = 0.531, p = 0.219, p = 0.632, p = 0.700, respectively). Within LOA patients, ACQ scores did not significantly differ between those treated with omalizumab and mepolizumab (p = 0.801). At 6 months,
eosinophil counts significantly decreased with mepolizumab but not with omalizumab (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Biological treatment responses were similar between LOA and EOA groups. Omalizumab and mepolizumab showed comparable efficacy, with the exception of eosinophil count
changes in LOA patients.
Factors associated with treatment response in eosinophilic esophagitis patients: Experience from a pediatric tertiary care center
Authors: Mongkonsritragoon Wimwipa , Varre Ananya , Beydoun Serina , Revan Rahul , Gary Logan , Thomas Ronald , Poowuttikul Pavadee , Seth Divya
Published: February 2025

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation of the esophagus and associated esophageal dysfunction with increasing worldwide prevalence. Clinical presentation is nonspecific and varies with age, with limited studies in
the pediatric population. Objective: Our study aimed to compile clinical phenotypes, esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings, and treatment response of EoE in a tertiary pediatric center, and to examine factors associated with the response of treatment. Methods:
In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of 824 patients diagnosed with EoE at Children’s Hospital of Michigan from 2011 to 2021. Data collected included a demographic profile, symptoms, esophagogastroduodenoscopic and histopathologic findings, treatment modalities,
response, and compliance. We then performed a multivariable logistic regression to assess the associating factors that influenced the treatment response rate. Results: A high proportion of males and coexisting allergic conditions were observed in the patients with EoE,
with the most common presentation of vomiting in children and of abdominal pain in adolescents. Among 656 of the 824 patients who had follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy, treatment response rates varied among modalities, with proton-pump inhibitor treatment exhibiting the highest response
rate, at 60.8%, followed by diet modification (50%) and topical steroid treatment (43.5%). Significant predictors of normal endoscopic findings at follow-up included female gender, normal endoscopic appearance, good compliance to treatment, and absence of topical steroids in the treatment
regimen. There were no significant differences in outcomes observed for targeted elimination led by a skin-prick test or specific immunoglobulin E test. Medication compliance did not significantly differ among the treatment options. Conclusion: Managing EoE in pediatric
patients poses significant challenges, which emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary care to achieve treatment response effectively. The findings underscore the complexity of managing EoE and the need for individualized treatment approaches. Further research is warranted to elucidate the
underlying mechanisms and optimize management strategies for pediatric patients with EoE.