bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current estimates of goose population sizes in western Europe, a gap analysis and an assessment of trends
Authors: Fox Anthony D , Ebbinge Bart S , Mitchell Carl , Heinicke Thomas , Aarvak Tomas , Colhoun Kendrew , Clausen Preben , Dereliev Sergey , Faragó Sándor , Koffijberg Kees , Kruckenberg Helmut , Loonen Maarten J J E , Madsen Jesper , Mooij Johan , Musil Petr , Nilsson Leif , Pihl Stefan , Van der Jeugd Henk
Published: July 2019

We estimated the size of 30 defined populations of geese wintering in the Western Palearctic (including five released or reintroduced populations of three species). Fourteen populations were accurately estimated from almost full count coverage or robust sampling and ten were well estimated based on more than 50% of their total being counted. An estimated 5.03 million geese wintered in January 2009, up on 3.10 million in January 1993. Only two populations numbered less than 10,000 birds (Scandinavian Lesser White-fronted Goose and Svalbard/Greenland Light-bellied Brent Goose, the former being critically small within restricted range). Eighteen populations numbered 10,000–100,000, eight 100,000–1,000,000 and the largest 1.2 million individuals. Of 21 populations with known longer term trends, 16 are showing significant exponential increases, 4 are stable and one declining. Amongst these same populations, five are declining since the 1990s. Long term declines in productivity were found in 7 out of 15 populations. Amongst most of the 11 populations for which data exist, there were no  significant long-term trends in annual adult survival. Improved monitoring, including demographic, is required to retain populations in favorable conservation status.
PENGARUH PENGHINDARAN PAJAK TERHADAP BIAYA HUTANG DAN KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL SEBAGAI PEMODERASI
Authors: UTAMA FAHREZA , KIRANA DWI JAYA , SITANGGANG KORNEL
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to test the influence of tax avoidance towards the cost of debt moderated by institutional ownership. In this research, tax avoidance measured by proxy of Book Tax Different (BTD) and Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR). The population in this research is manufacturing firms that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with 2015-2017 time periods. The amount of sample before outlier is 198 datas collected with purposive sampling method, then the amount of sample after outlier is 187 datas for first model and 186 datas for second model. Cross section data is used in this research. Multiple linear regression, determination coefficients, and partial test (t-test) is used with some help of programming data using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) 23th version to analize in this research. The result of this study indicate tax avoidance has not significant influence towards the cost of debt, and institutional ownership can’t moderate the relationship between tax avoidance and the cost of debt.
Liderazgo Directivo y Educación de Calidad
Authors: Maya Emilmary , Aldana Zavala Julio Juvenal , Isea Argüelles Josía
Published: July 2019

El objetivo del estudio es determinar la relación del liderazgo directivo en la consecución de una educación de calidad. La metodología se basó en un estudio correlacional transaccional, el diseño fue de campo no experimental. Entre los principales resultados se tiene que existe correlación positiva baja entre las variables de estudio, lo cual implica que el liderazgo directivo influye directamente en la consecución de una educación de calidad, es decir, que uno de los factores que hacen posible la denominada educación de calidad, es la presencia de un liderazgo directivo efectivo, asertivo, democrático, participativo, que involucre al personal docente en los planes de trabajo de modo activo y protagónico, cuando este estilo de liderazgo se hace presente, la organización camina hacia la calidad, cuando el director aplica otros estilos de liderazgo, la calidad en la gestión de una educación de calidad se deteriora y aleja de lo esperado en aras de conseguir una educación de calidad.
Estudio fenomenológico de la resiliencia: una visión desde la experiencia del docente universitario
Authors: Emili Coello Yusmania
Published: July 2019

A continuación se ofrece el estudio de la resiliencia desde la perspectiva del docente universitario. El propósito giró en torno a comprender los significados de resiliencia derivados de la experiencia docente al afrontar situaciones adversas en su vida cotidiana. Se trata de un estudio de naturaleza cualitativa que se desarrolló desde la tradición de la fenomenología hermenéutica de Heidegger (2010). Los resultados indican que la resiliencia es un concepto positivo que equivale a capacidad, habilidad, destreza y competencia humana, que se vale del optimismo, de la perseverancia, de la lucha, del aprendizaje y re-aprendizaje, del vivir y revivir mediante la dinámica de mecanismos emocionales, cognitivos y socioculturales. De allí que, las estrategias empleadas por el docente ante estas situaciones son la automotivación, autocontrol, confianza en sí mismo y en el otro, respecto, humildad, tolerancia; pero principalmente, se maneja con dos elementos clave y complementarios como los son: i) el pensar fenomenológico, que es reflexionar para entender y comprender la situación vivida y poder tomar las decisiones acertadas y favorables y ii) el diálogo abierto y flexible, basado en el preguntar y repreguntar para mediar posiciones, ideas, pensamientos divergentes, valores, entre otros aspectos requeridos al momento de afrontar una realidad adversa.
Long-Run and Short-Run Dynamics of the Exchange Rate
in Pakistan: Evidence From Unrestricted Purchasing
Power Parity Theory
Authors: Arshad Khan Muhammad , Abdul Qayyum Abdul Qayyum
Published: July 2019

The main focus of this paper is to measure the speed of adjustment
of the exchange rate by means of the persistent profile approach developed
by Pesaran and Shin (1996) to examine the symmetry and proportionality
assumptions of the purchasing power parity (PPP) theory of exchange rates
for the Pak-rupee vis-à-vis the US-dollar exchange rate over the period
1982Q2-2005Q4. Using cointegration and vector error-correction modeling
approaches, we find considerable support for the validity of weak-form PPP
in Pakistan. Furthermore, the symmetry and proportionality assumptions of
PPP are not verified. In the short-run, the exchange rate and foreign prices
play a significant role in the convergence process to achieve long-run
equilibrium. However, the speed of adjustment is very slow and the
persistence profiles suggest that almost 4-5 years are required to eliminate
deviations and bring the nominal exchange rate in line with the long-run
equilibrium path.
A Case Study of Milk Processing:
The Idara-e-Kissan Cooperative
Authors: Riaz Khalid
Published: July 2019

The paper focuses on Idara-e-Kissan, a vertically integrated
cooperative in the dairy sector, which procures fresh milk, processes it and
uses the profits earned in urban milk product markets to provide
development services to member farmers. The analysis suggests that,
compared to a control group of non-members, the cooperative’s members
had 29% higher net returns per milk animal, 9% more milk buffaloes, 6%
fewer dry buffaloes and they used three times more milk fat-enhancing
cottonseed cake. The members had better access to animal vaccination,
artificial insemination, and visits from livestock extension workers; they
were able to secure more animal treatments per year, and reported greater
satisfaction with service provision. The cooperative’s successes were more
modest in areas where the benefits of inputs and services provided were
more public, e.g. livestock breed improvement and enhancing fodder
productivity, indicating that there is an important role for the government
in supplying public goods such as livestock/agriculture R&D.
Causality between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Adnan Hye Qazi , Riaz Sana
Published: July 2019

This study seeks to determine the direction of causality between energy consumption (EC) and economic growth (EG), using annual data from 1971 to 2007. In our empirical analysis, we implement a bounds-testing approach to co-integration and an augmented form of the Granger causality test to identify the direction of the relationship between these variables both in the short and long run. Our findings suggest bidirectional causality between EG and EC in the short run; in the long run we find unidirectional causality from EG to EC. EC does not lead to EG in the long run because higher energy prices (oil prices) increase the cost of business, leading to a negative effect on EG. Additionally, when energy prices fluctuate, they create uncertainty that also affects economic growth. The study recommends direct investment in local energy resources.
Impact of Intellectual Capital Efficiency on Profitability (A Case Study of LSE25 Companies)
Authors: Abdul Majid Makki Muhammad , Aziz Lodhi Suleman
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between intellectual capital efficiency and the firm's profitability. The importance of intellectual capital (IC) and the related philosophy of the knowledge economy have captured the attention of researchers and business enterprises in the World Trade Organization (WTO) era. IC is widely recognized as a tool that is critical to running a successful business in a highly competitive environment. Various models have been introduced to measure the numerous facets of IC, including the Skandia navigator, Tobin's Q, and value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC). This article examines the role of IC efficiency in the firm’s net profit using the VAIC developed by Ante Pulic (1998). It also investigates its correlation with the firm’s profitability, using regression models.
Rethinking Development Strategy –The Importance of the
Rural Non Farm Economy in Growth and Poverty Reduction
in Pakistan
Authors: Jehangir Malik Sohail
Published: July 2019

The structural transformation of Pakistan’s economy has not been
accompanied by a concomitant decline in the proportion of labor employed
in agriculture. While this transformation has resulted in a non-farm sector
that is large and growing it has not lead to the rapid absorption of the
pool of relatively low productivity labor away from the agriculture sector,
as predicted by conventional development theory embodied in the models of
the 1960s. Despite the obvious importance of the role of a vibrant rural
non-farm economy (RNFE), and in particular, a vibrant non-farm services
sector to address the challenges of poverty, food security, agricultural
growth and rural development, this sector has received inadequate
attention in the debate in Pakistan. Based on a review of literature and
data from two large surveys – the Rural Investment Climate Survey of
Pakistan 2005 and the Surveys of Domestic Commerce 2007 – this paper
attempts to analyze the factors underlying the low level of development of
the rural non farm economy and the potential role it can play in Pakistan’s
economic development.
Industrial Policy: Domestic Challenges, Global Imperatives,
and Pakistan’s Choices
Authors: Javed Burki Shahid
Published: July 2019

Public policy is aimed at increasing the efficiency of the industrial
sector in Pakistan. This paper looks at four issues. Firstly, it looks at the
adjustments the new government needs to make to restore macroeconomic
balance. Secondly, it discusses the global changes that have occurred in the
industrial sector and how these could be incorporated into Pakistani policy
making. Thirdly, I have briefly discussed the history of policies implemented
in Pakistan. Lastly, I have discussed the importance of decentralized
industrial policy making. This paper also conducts an empirical analysis of
the impact of industrialization on poverty. It is concluded that industrial
development in Pakistan has historically been heavily dependent on
government intervention and there was poor growth in this sector as
compared to other Asian economies. The paper also presents five proposals
aimed at achieving higher growth in the industrial sector.
Does the Labor Market Structure Explain Differences in
Poverty in Rural Punjab?
Authors: Amjad Rashid , Arif G. M. , Mustafa Usman
Published: July 2019

The main focus of this study is Rural Punjab and it contributes to
regional poverty research in two ways; first, using a more recent household
survey data, carried out in August 2007 by the Pakistan Institute of
Development Economics (PIDE), it provides fresh poverty estimates for the
rural areas of the Punjab. Second, the poverty differential across the agroclimatic
zones of Punjab have been explained by urbanization, overseas
migration and the labor market structure operating in these zones. This
study shows four major factors that explain inequalities in poverty levels.
First, the rural areas of two zones, barani and rice/wheat, are well
integrated with urban settings. This integration has allowed their rural
populations to work in the industrial sector of Central Punjab and the
services sector in North Punjab primarily Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
Second, the belt from Lahore to Attock in the Punjab has benefited the
most from overseas migration. The flow of remittances has helped in
reducing poverty levels. Third, the cotton/wheat and low intensity zone still
largely depend for employment on the agricultural sector while this
dependency is very low in the barani zone, which has good opportunity to
seek job opportunities for its labor force in the armed services and
government departments. Finally, demographic and social factors including
education are less favorable in the cotton/wheat and low intensity zones
which negatively impacts on a breakthrough in poverty reduction.
The Role of Satellite Stock Exchanges:
A Case Study of the Lahore Stock Exchange
Authors: Y. Uppal Jamshed
Published: July 2019

In many countries, capital markets are often served by multiple stock
exchanges, typically with one national or dominant exchange and several
regional or satellite exchanges. While multiple exchanges create a competitive
landscape, they also lead to fragmented liquidity and diseconomies in
operations. This paper examines the role of the Lahore Stock Exchange (LSE)
in comparison with the country’s dominant exchange, the Karachi Stock
Exchange (KSE), in four areas: (i) market efficiency in processing information,
(ii) transaction costs, (iii) contribution to price discovery, and (iv) market
integration. A comparative analysis of the exchange performance indicates
the two exchanges to be at par in terms of informational efficiency and
transaction costs. There is evidence of informational linkages and
interdependencies between the two exchanges; the LSE appears to contribute
to price discovery and competes to an appreciable extent. Against the
background of proposals to merge the country’s three stock exchanges, a
major consideration in evaluating public policy is the relative performance of
the LSE and its viability as an effective competitor. Eliminating interexchange
competition by merging the stock exchanges is predicted to lead to
higher transaction costs, lower incentives for regulatory compliance, and
diminished motivation for promoting capital market development.
Income Tax Revenue as an Indicator of Regional Development
in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Ijaz , Rana Sumbal
Published: July 2019

The objective of this paper is to highlight the use of income tax
revenue as an indicator of regional development in Pakistan. Initially, we
identify a dramatic shift in income tax revenue trends at the provincial
level for the period 1992/93 to 2005/06. We develop a simple model of
income tax revenue and estimate the relationship between growth of
income tax revenue and gross regional product (GRP). Based on the
estimated relationship, Punjab appears to have been the fastest growing
province during the 1990s, while Sindh shows the greatest level of
dynamism in the current decade. This is attributed to high growth rates,
especially in large-scale manufacturing during the period, which has a
larger sectoral share in Sindh’s economy.
Microeconomic Flexibility in India and Pakistan: Employment Adjustment at the Firm Level
Authors: Chaudhry Theresa
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we look at the pace at which firms adjust their employment levels as a measure of “microeconomic flexibility.” Flexibility aids in creative destruction processes, where less efficient establishments recede and dynamic firms can rapidly expand. Following the techniques used by Caballero, Engel, and Micco (2004), we use firm-level data from India and Pakistan to estimate the proportion of the gap closed in a year between desired and actual employment. The results for the proportion of the gap closed for India were 0.46 in 2001 and 0.45 in 2000. For Pakistan, we estimated the proportion of the gap closed as 0.2 in 2001 and 0.53 in 2000. The results for 2001 were much lower than expected (and lower than previous estimates for both countries), possibly due to the events of 9/11. Pakistan compared favorably to India in various key sectors, including chemicals, food processing, and garments. Exporters did not seem to have a quicker speed of adjustment.
Bilateral FTAs in South Asia:
Recasting the Regionalism Debate
Authors: Weerakoon Dushni
Published: July 2019

The slow pace of progress of the South Asian regional trade integration process under SAARC has prompted many countries to seek bilateral agreements. Sri Lanka is a case in point with bilateral agreements with both India and Pakistan. While the former is acknowledged to have yielded positive results, the latter has remained of limited interest. Given that India remains the single most important trading partner for almost all other South Asian countries, regionalism in South Asia essentially entails bilateral market access to India. The current evidence suggests that India has attempted to do so via a host of bilateral and regional arrangements, but that the emerging nature of that integration process is unlikely to be an ‘inclusive’ South Asian regional grouping.
Pakistan-India Trade Potential and Issues
Authors: F. Naqvi Zareen
Published: July 2019

Pakistan and India are the two largest economies in South Asia with
very low levels of bilateral trade. This has been the result of border disputes
and political tensions, but also of inward-looking import-substitution growth
strategies. Trade (including official and unofficial) between the two countries
stood at around US$ 2.5-2.6 billion in 2007/08 but it could potentially be as
much as US$ 5-10 billion or two to four times its current levels. The
Composite Dialogue Process (CDP) has led to substantial improvements in
political relations over the last 5 years and trade relations have shown positive
outcomes as well. This paper recommends that the process be strengthened
further by restarting the stalled CDP, Pakistan granting most favored nation
(MFN) status to India, continuing to reduce impediments to trade and trade
logistics, and perhaps even considering the possibility of a free trade agreement
(FTA) with India.
The Determinants of Pakistan’s Trade Balance:
An ARDL Cointegration Approach
Authors: Waliullah Waliullah , Khan Kakar Mehmood , Kakar Rehmatullah , Khan Wakeel
Published: July 2019

This article is an attempt to examine the short and long-run
relationship between the trade balance, income, money supply, and real
exchange rate in the case of Pakistan’s economy. Income and money
variables are included in the model in order to examine the monetary and
absorption approaches to the balance of payments, while the real exchange
rate is used to evaluate the conventional approach of elasticities (Marshall
Lerner condition). The bounds testing approach to cointegration and error
correction models, developed within an autoregressive distributed lag
(ARDL) framework is applied to annual data for the period 1970 to 2005
in order to investigate whether a long-run equilibrium relationship exists
between the trade balance and its determinants. Additionally, variance
decompositions (VDCs) and impulse response functions (IRFs) are used to
draw further inferences. The result of the bounds test indicates that there
is a stable long-run relationship between the trade balance and income,
money supply, and exchange rate variables. The estimated results show that
exchange rate depreciation is positively related to the trade balance in the
long and short run, consistent with the Marshall Lerner condition. The
results provide strong evidence that money supply and income play a strong
role in determining the behavior of the trade balance. The exchange rate
regime can help improve the trade balance but will have a weaker
influence than growth and monetary policy.
Reaction of Stock Prices to Dividend Announcements and
Market Efficiency in Pakistan
Authors: Akbar Muhammad , Habib Baig Humayun
Published: July 2019

This study tests the semi-strong form of market efficiency by
investigating the reaction of stock prices to dividend announcements. It
analyzes cash, stock, and simultaneous cash and stock dividend
announcements of 79 companies listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange from
July 2004 to June 2007. Abnormal returns from the market model are
evaluated for statistical significance using the t-test and Wilcoxon Signed
Rank Test. The findings suggest negligible abnormal returns for cash
dividend announcements. However, the average abnormal and cumulative
average abnormal returns for stock and simultaneous cash and stock
dividend announcements are mostly positive and statistically significant.
Asymmetric Behavior of Inflation Uncertainty and
Friedman-Ball Hypothesis: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Kumail Abbas Rizvi Syed , Naqvi Bushra
Published: July 2019

This paper is a first attempt to measure and analyze inflation uncertainty in
Pakistan. It makes several contributions to the literature. In the first stage, using
quarterly data from 1976:01 to 2008:02, we model inflation uncertainty as a time
varying process using the GARCH framework. In the second stage, we analyze
the asymmetric behavior of inflation uncertainty using the GJR-GARCH and
EGARCH models. For further analysis of asymmetry and leverage effects, we
develop news impact curves as proposed by Pagan and Schwart (1990). Finally
we investigate the causality and its direction between inflation and inflation
uncertainty by using the bivariate Granger-Causality test to determine which
inflation uncertainty hypothesis (Friedman-Ball or Cukierman-Meltzer) holds
true for Pakistani data. We obtain two important results. First, the GJR-GARCH
and EGARCH models are more successful in capturing inflation uncertainty and
its asymmetric behavior than the simple GARCH model. This can also be seen
from news impact curves showing a significant level of asymmetry. Second, there
is strong evidence that the Friedman-Ball inflation uncertainty hypothesis holds
true for Pakistan.
Pakistan’s Energy Sector Issues: Energy Efficiency and Energy
Environmental Links
Authors: Husain Tariq
Published: July 2019

This paper analyzes Pakistan’s energy sector issues and highlights (i)
the importance of the link between energy and the environment, and (ii)
the central importance of energy efficiency for high return demand-side
solutions to meet the country’s energy needs. The paper argues that energy
planning should integrate the external cost of energy use in deciding about
the composition of supply: coal, oil, gas, hydropower, renewable, nuclear,
and solar. By utilizing external cost estimates made by the European
Commission for Europe, and the US National Academy of Sciences, a total
cost (external + internal) ranking of primary energy sources for Pakistan is
estimated. This estimate is at the low end of the cost spectrum because
classic pollutants—sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide—in
Pakistan are significantly higher than in Europe or the US. The paper also
discusses the experiences of China and OECD countries in increasing
energy-wide efficiency. A central lesson emerging from the analysis is that
Pakistan will have to significantly increase its energy-related research and
development expenditure in order to adequately address its energy sector
issues. A quadrupling from 0.25 % of gross domestic product is
recommended over a decade.
The Trade Potential of Pakistan: An Application of the
Gravity Model
Authors: Gul Nazia , M. Yasin Hafiz
Published: July 2019

This paper attempts to estimate Pakistan’s trade potential, using the
gravity model of trade. Panel data for the period 1981-2005 across 42 countries is
employed in the analysis. The coefficients obtained from the model are then used
to predict the country’s trade potential worldwide as well as within specific
trading regions. The results reveal that Pakistan’s trade potential is highest with
countries in the Asia-Pacific region (the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
[ASEAN]), the European Union (EU), the Middle East, Latin America, and
North America. Specifically, the maximum potential exists with Japan, Sri
Lanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia, the Philippines, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden,
Italy, and Denmark. Therefore, Pakistan should explore ways and means to
further improve its trade relations with the countries concerned, and also
concentrate on ASEAN, the Middle East, and the EU to increase its market share
as far as possible. The volume of trade between Pakistan and other members of the
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and Economic
Cooperation Organization (ECO) is very low, despite the existence of significant
potential. The main obstacles to this end are the political and social tensions
among neighboring countries, particularly between Pakistan and India, which
are the main players of SAARC. The same obstacles exist in the case of the EU
and NAFTA, where Pakistani exports are adversely affected by political
considerations.
Reconstructing the Performance of Pakistan’s Political
Economy: Another Paradigm
Authors: Mangla Inayat Ullah
Published: July 2019

This paper looks at the major factors limiting economic growth in
Pakistan. The paper then analyzes the structural problems faced by Pakistan today
and goes on to discuss the challenges facing monetary policy makers in Pakistan as
well as the problem of budget and trade deficits. The paper concludes with a
discussion on the key institutional changes needed in Pakistan.
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND HUMAN RIGHT VIOLATION IN REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO
Authors: Leka Dukagjin , Shala Sabiha , Daku Selim
Published: July 2019

The Republic of Kosovo is one of the newest states in the world. Separated from a former communist federation – Yugoslavia and occupied for over a decade by Serbia, it turned out to be free after a systematic destruction and with great consequences in all respects, including the environment. And of course, being a new state, made Republic of Kosovo to inherit many problems, which were very difficult to solve, while the environmental issues did not even come into the agenda ever to be discussed, which should not have been done as it was. In other words, having many major problems, the environmental issue as to the international community that has governed Kosovo for more than a decade, as well as for Kosovo's institutions itself, has never become an issue of importance to be discussed nor to be protected. Almost same happened in every country, which was under the international community protection, as for them it is the importance of security rather than environment protection in a country, where they are serving and far from their home country. Even after some positive developments in Kosovo's environmental legislation, by adopting the law on environmental protection, by creating a state agency for environmental protection, by creating environmental directorates in municipalities, etc., which developments and steps failed to become successful, because they lacked their implementation in practice, and cases like this were also in Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia, etc.. ..
Pengaruh Mekanisme Konflik Keagenan Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi di Pasar Modal Indonesia Periode Tahun 2004-2010)
Authors: Prasetyo Teguh
Published: July 2019

This research aims to test of agency theory in Indonesian Stock Exchange as proxy variables within agency conflict mechanism for firm performance. It is used secondary data from Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) and OSIRIS include all industry manufacture, exclude insurance and finace service sector. It's appropriate sampling criteria's and listing in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Then, using pooled data with observation period 2004th round to 2010th. Variables used in this study is the first Asset Utility as agency cost as dependent variabel. The second variabels is dividen, leverage, institutional ownership as mechanism variables to agency conflict as independent variable. Then, the control variable used firm size. The method of analysis used in this study is multiple regression of pooled data analysis. The results of this study is a positive effect dividend to company's performace of the first. Then, the second is a positive impact leverage to company's performace. The last is a positive impact institutional ownership to company's performace. With the result that, mechanism varibles of agency conflict has been play function of binding and oversight of agency conflict.
Pengaruh Daya Tarik Wisata Terhadap Niat Berkunjung Ulang Melalui Kepuasan Wisatawan (Studi pada wisatawan “Kampung Warna Warni” di Kota Malang)
Authors: Cahyanti Mega Mirasaputri
Published: July 2019

This research has several objectives: (1) Knowing the influence of tourist attraction to the satisfaction of tourists,(2) Knowing the effect of tourist satisfaction on the intention of repeated visit, and (3) Knowing the direct influence of tourist attraction to the intention of the visit of tourists in Kampung Warna Warni Kota Malan. This research method using quantitative approach with descriptive analysis method, data collecting technique by spreading questionnaires to 100 respondents at tourist sites and hypothesis testing method using path analysis. The result shows that: (1) The tourist attraction has a significant effect on the satisfaction of the tourists (H1 accepted), (2)  The satisfaction of tourists has a significant influence on the intention of the tourist visiting in Kampung Warna Warni Malang (H2 accepted), and (3) Tourist attraction has a significant direct effect on the intention of the visit of tourists in Kampung Warna Warni Malang (H3 accepted). And the results of testing Sobel show that the variable satisfaction of tourists mediate tourist attraction and intention to re-visit the Kampung Warna Warni Malang.
THE HEROISM TO GET DREAMS IN JOHN GRISHAM’S A PAINTED HOUSE
Authors: Nasrawati Nasrawati
Published: July 2019

This graduating paper analyzes the American dream in 19th century by the two main characters in the novel. They are Luke Chandler and Mrs. Jesse Chandler. The two of these characters represent the condition and situation of the Americans especially the American farmers at the time trough their characterizations. In this research, the writer focuses on researching these two main characters by using Mimetic theory, including historical approach. The objectives of this research are, first, to know what kind of dream that the characters want to get and the second is what they do to get their dreams, how they do, and why they must to do something to get their dreams. This research displays that these two characters have some attitudes and actions which show the heroism. Therefore, these two characters can be called heroic in terms of the struggle to get their dreams for the better life.
Hubungan jumlah monosit dengan lama hari rawat pada anak penderita diare akut di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado tahun 2014
Authors: Rumokoy Riandy P. , Warouw Sarah M. , Mantik Max F. J.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Diarrhea due to infection is a major factor in the morbidity and mortality worldwide. During the inflammation process, there are agents that act as the body’s defense against infection, inter alia leukocytes which monocytes are in. The higher the number of leukocytes, the more severe the infection and it can also affect the length of stay (LOS) of patients. This study aimed to obtain the relationship between the number of monocytes with LOS of children with acute diarrhea. This was a historical cohort study. Subjects were all children with acute diarrhea hospitalized in the Pediatrics Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado in 2014. Data were analyzed with Spearman rho correlation test. The resluts showed that the number of samples were 52 childrenconsisted of 29 boys and 23 girls. The most frequent found were LOS of 3 days (19.2%) and most patients experienced an increased number of monocytes (59.6%). The Spearman rho correlation analysis obtained a p-value of 0.03. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between the number of monocytes with length of stay in children with acute diarrhea.Keywords: number of monocytes, length of hospitalization, acute diarrheaAbstrak: Diare karena infeksi merupakan faktor utama pada tingginya angka morbiditas dan mortalitas di seluruh dunia. Pada proses peradangan sendiri terdapat agen yang berperan sebagai pertahanan tubuh untuk melawan infeksi, yaitu leukosit yang di dalamnya terdapat monosit. Semakin tinggi jumlah leukosit maka semakin berat juga infeksinya dan dapat berpengaruh pada lama hari rawat penderita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan jumlah monosit dengan lama hari rawat anak dengan diare akut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historical cohort. Subjek penelitian ialah semua anak penderita diare akut yang dirawat di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado tahun 2014. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman rho. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan jumlah sampel sebanyak 52 anak, 29 anak laki-laki dan 23 anak perempuan. Lama hari rawat yang paling sering ialah 3 hari (19,2%), kebanyakan penderita mengalami peningkatan jumlah monosit (59,6%). Hasil analisis korelasi Spearman rho didapatkan p-value = 0.03. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara jumlah monosit dengan lama hari rawat pada anak penderita diare akut.Kata kunci:jumlah monosit, lama hari rawat, diare akut
Perbandingan Ketebalan Retina Sentral Pasien Hipertensi Esensial tanpa Penurunan Visus Dibanding Orang Normal
Authors: Nursalim Ade J. , Sumual Vera , Sumanti Eugeni
Published: July 2019

Abstract: One of the complications of hypertension is hypertensive retinopathy with a prevalence of 2-17% in patients with hypertension without diabetes. Application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) tool enables the clinician to simplify the pathophysiological process of hypertensive retinopathy. This study was aimed to compare the central retina thickness of essential hypertensive patients without decreased vision to of normal people. This was a prospective comparative study using a quantitative method. There were 56 eyes in the hypertension group and 71 eyes in the normal group. The t test showed that central retina thickness in hypertension group was 201.66 μm (SD ±38,870) meanwhile in the normal group was 249.59 μm (SD±19,245) (p=0.004). In conclusion, there was a significant difference in central retinal thickness between essential hypertensive patients and normal people. It is suggested that ophthalmologic examination should be performed on patients with essential hypertension even without decreased vision.Keywords: hypertension, decrease of vision, retinal thickness Abstrak: Salah satu komplikasi hipertensi yaitu retinopati hipertensi dengan prevalensi 2-17% pada penyandang hipertensi tanpa diabetes. Aplikasi alat optical coherence tomography (OCT) memungkinkan klinisi untuk meneliti lebih lanjut mengenai proses patofisiologi retinopati hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan ketebalan retina sentral pasien hipertensi esensial tanpa penurunan visus dibanding orang normal. Jenis penelitian ialah prospektif komparatif menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 56 mata untuk kelompok hipertensi dan 71 mata untuk kelompok normal yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Uji t menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan ketebalan retina sentral pada kelompok hipertensi dibanding kelompok normal. Rerata ketebalan retina pada kelompok hipertensi ialah 201,66 μm (SD±38,870) dibanding pada kelompok normal ialah 249,59 μm (SD±19,245) (p=0,004). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara ketebalan retina sentral pasien hipertensi esensial tanpa penurunan visus dibanding orang normal. Disarankan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan mata pada penyandang hipertensi esensial meskipun belum disertai keluhan penurunan tajam penglihatan.Kata kunci: hipertensi, penurunan visus, ketebalan retina
Hubungan antara Kebiasaan Merokok dengan Angka Kejadian Lesi yang Diduga Stomatitis Nikotina pada Masyarakat Desa Ongkaw Dua
Authors: Tambunan Miranda A. , Suling Pieter L. , Mintjelungan Christy N.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Nicotine stomatitis could be found among heavy smokers. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between smoking habits and the incidence of lesions suspected as nicotine stomatitis among villagers of Ongkaw Dua. This was an analytical study with a cross sectional design. Population consisted of 183 smokers aged >15 years at Desa Ongkaw Dua and the subjects were 65 smokers. The chi-square showed a p-value of 0.592 for the relationship between the duration of smoking and the occurence of lesion supspected as nicotine stomatitis. Moreover, the chi-square showed a p-value of 0.005 for the relationship between the number of cigarettes consumed per day and the occurence of lesion suspected as nicotine stomatitis. In conclusion, there was no relationship between the duration of smoking and the occurence of lesion suspected as nicotine stomatitis, but there was a significant relationship between the number of cigarettes consumed per day and the occurence of lesion suspected as nicotine stomatitis.Keywords: smoking habit, nicotine stomatitis Abstrak: Stomatitis nikotina dapat dijumpai pada perokok berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina pada masyarakat desa Ongkaw Dua. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu 183 perokok berusia >15 tahun di Desa Ongkaw Dua dan yang menjadi subyek penelitian berjumlah 65 orang. Hasil uji chi-square terhadap hubungan lama merokok dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina mendapatkan p=0,592. Hasil uji chi-square terhadap hubungan antara jumlah rokok yang dihisap setiap hari dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina mendapatkan p=0,005. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah tidak terdapat hubungan antara lamanya merokok dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina, tetapi terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jumlah rokok yang dihisap setiap hari dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina.Kata kunci: kebiasaan merokok, stomatitis nikotina
Perbedaan Intensitas Nyeri Saat Tindakan Skeling Ultrasonik Berdasarkan Kriteria OHI-S di RSGM Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Authors: Karamoy Deborah , Pangemanan Damajanty H. C. , Mintjelungan Christy N. , Khoman Johanna
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience related to actual or the potential to cause tissue damage. Ultrasonic scaling is easier and more preferred to remove calculus on the tooth surface compared to manual scaling. The Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) is an index for assessing dental and oral hygiene status. This study was aimed to obtain the differences in pain intensity during ultrasonic scaling treatment among patients with varied OHI-S at RSGM Unsrat. This study is an analytical study using a cross sectional analysis. There were 36 patients involved in this study, obtained by using total sampling method. The results showed that the means of pain intensity during ultrasonic scaling in patients with good OHI-S was 6.50%; in patients with moderate OHI-S was 18.50%; and in patients with poor OHI-S was 28.79%. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a p-value of 0,000 for the differences in pain intensity during ultrasonic scaling. It is concluded that there were significant differences in the pain intensity during ultrasonic scaling based on the OHI-S criteria.Keywords: pain, ultrasonic scaling, Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S).Abstrak: Nyeri didefinisikan sebagai pengalaman sensorik dan emosional yang tidak menyenangkan berkaitan dengan kerusakan jaringan yang aktual atau berpotensi untuk mengakibatkan kerusakan jaringan. Skeling ultrasonik merupakan skeling yang lebih mudah dan lebih banyak dilakukan untuk menghilangkan kalkulus pada permukaan gigi dibanding dengan skeling manual. Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) merupakan indeks untuk menilai status kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan intensitas nyeri saat tindakan skeling ultrasonik berdasarkan kriteria OHI-S di RSGM Unsrat. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel diperoleh secara total sampling yang berjumlah 36 orang. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan nilai rerata intensitas nyeri saat skeling ultrasonik dengan OHI-S baik sebesar 6,50%; dengan OHI-S sedang sebesar 18,50%; dan dengan OHI-S buruk sebesar 28,79%. Hasil uji Kruskal Wallis terhadap perbedaan nilai rerata intensitas myeri mendapatkan nilai p=0,000. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam intensitas nyeri saat tindakan skeling ultrasonik berdasarkan kriteria OHI-S.Kata kunci: nyeri, skeling ultrasonik, Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S)
PENGGUNAAN PENANDA MOLEKULER RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) UNTUK ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK KELAPA WEST AFRICAN TALL (WAT)
Authors: Lengkong Edy F. , Runtunuwu S. D.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Lengkong, E.F. and S.D. Runtunuwu. 2005. Use of Molecular Marker Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to Genetic Diversity Analysis of West African Tall (WAT) Coconut. Eugenia 11 (3):210-217.   Information on genetic diversity of crop gemplasm has several important implications for plant breeder. Among others is to help the breeders to decide what sources to cross so as to making new genetic combination. The use of molecular marker to genetic diversity analysis on DNA level is usefull, because it provides an opportunity to more precisely measure genetic relationships as well is not affected by the environment. The objective of this research was to analyze genetic diversity of West African Tall (WAT) using molecular marker RAPD. Five arbitrary 10-mer primers were used to amplify total DNA genom, and to generate 44 band DNA with 26 band or 59 % were polymorphic band. It was revealed that genetic diversity within population of WAT coconut was 14 %. Based on cluster analysis, at the genetic similarity 85% or genetic diversity 15 % the population was separated on three clusters. This research concluded that the population of WAT coconut grown from open pollinated seeds has different genotype one each others. Keywords: West African Tall (WAT), Coconut, RAPD
KESESUAIAN LAHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Rogi J. E.X. , Rombang Johan A. , Kalangi Josephus I. , Taher Malsupri
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT   Rogi, J.E.X. et. al. 2007. The Suistability Land for Corn in the South Minahasa District. Eugenia 13 (3) : 320-326. Based on agri-climate and market prospective, corn is a potential comodity in the South-Minahasa District. From 215.000 ha of South-Minahasa District area, it has 18.437 ha harvest-area and in 2006 produced 52.747 tonnes corn. The above data showed that this district has a possibility to extend the corn planting area in suitable area. To find this suistability area for corn, a spatial data was composed based on soil and climate data using Geographic Information Systemm (GIS). Soil data consisted of texture, pH, C-organic, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), whereas climate data consisted of rainfall and air temperature. Spatial data in the form of land suitability map for corn in the South-Minahasa District was analysed using ArcViewer 3.2. software.   Keywords: Harvest area, soil and climate, spatial data, GIS, ArcViewer 3.2
PERTUMBUHAN LIRIOMYZA SATIVAE BLANCARD DAN NESIDIOCORIS TENUIS REUTER PADA BEBERAPA GALUR SERTA VARIETAS TOMAT
Authors: Sembel D.T. , Manoi T. , Tulung M. , Pongoh J. , Meray M. , Ratulangi M.
Published: July 2019

The objectives of thiswork was to study the difference on the population growths of these two pests of tomatoon plots with and without pesticide sprayings for 5 strains of tomatoes obtained from AVRDC (G1-G6) and 4 varieties (G7-G10) available in the local market. The population of leafminer started growing a week after replanting and reached the peak 7-8 weeks then it started declining until 12 weeks after replanting.Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference on the population growth of L. sativae on sprayed plots for all strains from AVRDCand varieties G7-G9 but it was significant different from G10. There was also no significant difference on population growths of L. sativae for strains G1,G2 and G4 to G7 and G8 but it was significant different with strains G5,G9 and G10 on sprayed plots and plots without spraying.The population of N. tenuis grew quicker and reached the peak on week 6 after replanting and starts declining until week 12th. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference on the population of N. tenuis on all strains and varieties G7 and G8 on plots without spraying but there was significant difference for all strains and varieties G7-G9 with variety G10. ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan pertumbuhan populasihama penggorok daun, Liriomyza sativae dan kepik tomat mirid, Nesidiocoris tenuis pada petak tanpa penyemprotan pestisida dan dengan penyemprotan pestisida pada 5 galur tomat yang berasal dari AVRDC dan 4 varietas tomat yang tersedia di pasaran.Populasi penggorok daun, L. sativae mulai terlihat sejak seminggu sesudah dipindahkan dan mencapai puncak 7-8 minggu kemudian populasihama mulai menurun sampai 12 minggu sesudah tanaman dipindahkan. Hasil analisis statistika tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata terhadap populasi L. sativae pada petak yang disemprot pestisida untuk semua galur dari AVRDC serta varietas G7- G9 tapi berbeda nyata dengan varietas G10. Juga, tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara populasi L. sativae untuk galur G1,G2, G4,G7dan G8 tetapi berbeda nyata dengan galur G5, G9 dan G10 pada petak yang tidak disemprot pestisida. Populasi L. sativae terendah pada varietas G10 baik pada petak penyemprotan maupunpetak tanpa penyemprotan pestisida.Populasi N. tenuis berkembang lebih cepat dan mencapai puncak pada minggu ke enam dan ke tujuh serta menurun sampai minggu ke 12 sesudah tanaman tomat dipindahkan.Hasil analisis statistika menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata terhadap populasi N. tenuis untuk semua galur dari AVRDC serta varietas G7 dan G8 pada petak tanpa penyemprotan tetapi terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara semua galur dan varietas G7-G9 dengan varietas G10.