bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the friction coefficient in turning process of metals through model experiment
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad A , Das Suman , Debnath Uttam K
Published: August 2017

An in-procedure tribometer is analyzed to assess the friction during orthogonal turning process at cutting rates of up to 300 m/min to determine genuine cutting procedure conditions. The examined tribometer consists of a spring preloaded tungsten carbide with (5% to 8%) cobalt pin with the rounded tip mounted behind the bleeding edge and in contact with the naturally produced workpiece plane. The pin preload is fitted by feed power or force. A 3D-feed force measuring gadget in the obsession of the pin facilitates the assessment of the friction coefficient from tangential and typical strengths. Tests indicate considerably diverse results while reaching new and oxidized planes as well as diminishing friction coefficients as the cutting velocity increases. In general, greater graphite content decreases the friction coefficient and the temperature inclines in the wear pin. A uniform scattering of graphite particles in steel composites enhance their irritating resistance. Moreover, the wear rates for these amalgams are lower than those for similar combinations without graphite. Plane or surface equality is the key predictor of roughness. Plane inequality decreases as cutting speed increases and vice versa.
Tribological properties of Al 7075 alloy and Al 7075 metal matrix composite reinforced with SiC, sliding under dry, oil lubricated, and inert gas environments
Authors: Shrivastava Anil K , Singh Kalyan K , Dixit Amit R
Published: August 2017

Tribological properties of silicon carbide-based aluminum metal matrix composite and aluminum matrix alloy have been studied for various sliding speeds of 3.14 and 3.77 m/s and load range from 10 to 30 N under dry, lubricated, and inert gas (argon) environment. Pin-on-disk tribometer were used for experiments. The composite was fabricated by stir casting route by using aluminum 7075 alloy as the matrix and 10% by weight silicon carbide as reinforced material. Results have revealed that the value of coefficient of friction is found to be maximum in case of inert condition in matrix alloy at sliding speed 3.77 m/s and minimum in case of lubricated condition in composite at sliding speed 3.14 m/s. The wear rate is least for both the alloy and the composite under lubricated condition compared with dry and inert condition. Wear rate increases with the normal load and sliding speed and it is maximum in inert condition of matrix alloy at 30 N. Uniform distribution of silicon carbide in aluminum matrix alloy reduces the values of coefficient of friction and wear rate for composites compared to aluminum matrix alloy under dry, lubricated, and inert condition which increases the life of the composites for longer duration. Silicon carbide significantly improves the strength the aluminum matrix alloy in dry, lubricated, and inert condition and acts as load-bearing members.
A study of the friction layer of TiAl-10 wt.% Ag composite and the prediction model of friction and wear behaviors
Authors: Yang Kang , Shi Xiaoliang , Huang Yuchun , Liu Xiyao , Wang Yufu
Published: August 2017

It was significant to study the longevity of mechanical component by analyzing the effect of friction layer on the predicting models of wear rates and friction coefficients. In this study, based on the changes in applied load F and testing temperature T, the friction and wear behaviors of TiAl-10 wt.% Ag were carried out sliding against Si3N4 ball (6 mm in diameter). At 0–80 min, the prediction models of friction coefficients and wear rates were constructed by the method of bivariate rational interpolation. The predicting accuracies of Pcomp-f: 94–98.7% (friction coefficient) and Pcomp-w: 87.7–98.5% (wear rate) indicated that the constructed prediction model was able to evaluate the friction coefficients and wear rates of TiAl-10 wt.% Ag. The high predicting accuracies were mainly attributed to the excellent plastic fluidity of silver, the smooth morphology of wear scar, and the friction layer of low grain strain.
Diagnostic performance of central vein sign for multiple sclerosis with a simplified three-lesion algorithm
Authors: Solomon Andrew J , Watts Richard , Ontaneda Daniel , Absinta Martina , Sati Pascal , Reich Daniel S
Published: August 2017

Background:

Detection of a “central vein sign” (CVS) on FLAIR* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly specific and sensitive for multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of simplified CVS algorithms for MS diagnosis.

Methods:

MRIs from 10 participants with MS without additional comorbidities for MRI white matter abnormalities; 10 with MS and additional comorbidities for white matter abnormalities; 10 with migraine, white matter abnormalities, and no additional comorbidities; and 10 who had previously been erroneously diagnosed with MS were evaluated. 3T MRI T2-FLAIR and T2*-weighted sequences were acquired to create FLAIR* images. Three MS physician reviewers, blinded to diagnosis, evaluated two different algorithms: (1) three lesions pre-selected on FLAIR were subsequently evaluated for CVS on FLAIR*( select3). (2) FLAIR* was evaluated for up to three lesions with CVS ( select3*).

Results:

For select3, average specificity across reviewers for MS was 0.98 and sensitivity 0.52 and a correct prediction of diagnosis demonstrated kappa = 0.29. For select3*, specificity was 0.81, sensitivity was 0.83, and kappa was 0.31.

Conclusion:

A simplified determination of CVS in three white matter lesions on 3T FLAIR* MRI demonstrated good specificity and sensitivity and fair inter-rater reliability for a diagnosis of MS and with further study, may be a candidate for clinical application.
HIV-related stigma and subjective well-being: The mediating role of the Belief in a Just World
Authors: Đorić Stefan N
Published: August 2017

The primary aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the domains of HIV-related stigma and subjective well-being in people living with HIV ( N = 90), giving a special emphasis to the role of Belief in a Just World. A significant relationship emerged between the domains of stigma and the components of subjective well-being, which is not direct, but is rather mediated by Belief in a Just World. The findings indicate that exposure to stigma can lead to a decrease in Belief in a Just World, which potentially leads to a sense of lack of control over one’s life, with a final, negative outcome for subjective well-being.
Directive and nondirective social support in the workplace – is this social support distinction important for subjective health complaints, job satisfaction, and perception of job demands and job control?
Authors: Johnsen Tone Langjordet , Eriksen Hege Randi , Indahl Aage , Tveito Torill Helene
Published: August 2017

Aims: Social support is associated with well-being and positive health outcomes. However, positive outcomes of social support might be more dependent on the way support is provided than the amount of support received. A distinction can be made between directive social support, where the provider resumes responsibility, and nondirective social support, where the receiver has the control. This study examined the relationship between directive and nondirective social support, and subjective health complaints, job satisfaction and perception of job demands and job control. Methods: A survey was conducted among 957 Norwegian employees, working in 114 private kindergartens (mean age 40.7 years, SD = 10.5, 92.8% female), as part of a randomized controlled trial. This study used only baseline data. A factor analysis of the Norwegian version of the Social Support Inventory was conducted, identifying two factors: nondirective and directive social support. Hierarchical regression analyses were then performed. Results: Nondirective social support was related to fewer musculoskeletal and pseudoneurological complaints, higher job satisfaction, and the perception of lower job demands and higher job control. Directive social support had the opposite relationship, but was not statistically significant for pseudoneurological complaints. Conclusions: It appears that for social support to be positively related with job characteristics and subjective health complaints, it has to be nondirective. Directive social support was not only without any association, but had a significant negative relationship with several of the variables. Nondirective social support may be an important factor to consider when aiming to improve the psychosocial work environment.

Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02396797. Registered 23 March 2015.
Media capture in the era of megaleaks
Authors: Woodall Angela
Published: August 2017

Much has been written about the potential of large-scale digital disclosures, or ‘megaleaks’, to transform journalistic coverage of high-value news. This analysis takes a second look at the phenomenon by analyzing three of the best-known megaleaks to date: those disclosed by Chelsea Manning, Edward Snowden, and John Doe, the source of the Panama Papers. To what extent did these large-scale disclosures disrupt the media capture that distorts or limits coverage by an autonomous press? A study of circumstances surrounding these three megaleaks suggests that their main effect was encouraging a culture of collaborative work that favors independence from official sources.
‘Proud of what I do but often … I would be happier to say I drive trucks’: Ambiguity in social workers’ self-perception
Authors: Beddoe Liz , Staniforth Barbara L , Fouché Christa B
Published: August 2017

A public perception of social work research programme commenced 10 years after the introduction of limited professional registration of social workers in New Zealand. A first study explored public perceptions of social workers via a telephone survey. In a second study, social workers were asked, amongst other questions, how they thought the public would respond to the same questions about their profession that were asked in the first survey. An online survey accessed the views of 403 social workers and generated rich quantitative and qualitative responses, including to two very specific open questions (the focus of this article), first about social workers’ expression of pride and second, felt stigma as potentially encountered in their professional and personal domains. These two concepts, pride and stigma, constitute organising constructs in this article, along with aspects of professional identity expressed in participants’ imagining of the public view: ambivalence, hard work, difficult journeys, professional virtues, and being misunderstood. The complexity of a social work professional identity is further examined.
Helping Struggling Students: The Impact of Three Instructional Interventions on College Students’ Exam Scores and Exam-Skipping Behavior
Authors: Thomas Nichole Gibbs , Thomas Antonio Lamar
Published: August 2017

Whether instructional-communication feedback sent to struggling students and succeeding students following course exams would significantly increase their exam scores and significantly decrease their exam-skipping behavior relative to students in the control group was investigated. An experimenter-blind study utilizing feedback and the personalization principle was conducted. Undergraduate students ( N = 122) were randomly assigned to the control group and the experimental group – the instructional-communications group. After each exam, an instructional intervention using instructional-communication feedback was sent. Struggling students who received instructional-communication feedback had higher exam scores and skipped fewer exams than struggling students in the control group for all exams. For exam 2, there was a statistically significant exam score difference (one half-letter grade: 4.93%) between struggling students in the experimental and control groups. For exam 2, the proportion of students in the experimental group that engaged in exam-skipping behavior was significantly smaller than the control group, with a percentage difference of 9.46% – a 43.07% decrease relative to the control group. For struggling students, instructional communications with tailored content significantly increased student test performance. For all students, instructional communications significantly decreased student exam-skipping behavior. The results of this study provide evidence of the efficacy of using personalization-based tailored instructional communications.
Radioscapholunate fusion with triquetrum and distal pole of scaphoid excision: long-term follow-up
Authors: Ha Ngoc B. , Phadnis Joideep , MacLean Simon B. M. , Bain Gregory I.
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term outcomes of radioscapholunate fusion, with and without distal pole of scaphoid excision and excision of the triquetrum. These compromised three operative groups. Seventeen patients were identified with a minimum of 10 years follow-up, with a mean of 15 years (range 10–19). Fifteen of the 17 patients were satisfied with their outcome. Two were converted to total wrist fusion. The mean outcomes scores were; pain visual analogue scale score 2.1/10, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand 29 and Modified Mayo Wrist score 60. Patients with excision of the triquetrum had a mean radial–ulnar arc increase of 10° compared with the other two groups, but this was not statistically significant. The mean space for the scaphocapitate joint was 1.7 mm and lunocapitate joint was 1.3 mm at latest follow-up. Close adherence to the indications and surgical technique provided a sustainable good clinical outcome. Patients who obtained a good result at 2 years were likely to achieve a good long-term outcome.

Level of evidence: IV
The invention of Hobbesian anarchy
Authors: Christov Theodore
Published: August 2017

It is only in the early decades of the twentieth century that the “Hobbesian state of nature” and the “discourse of anarchy” came to be seen as virtually synonymous. In examining Hobbes’ international state of nature, this article rejects two common views. In one, International Relations is seen as a warlike “Hobbesian” anarchy, and in the other, Hobbes is regarded as the progenitor of Realism. Far from defending anarchy of states, Hobbes in fact constructs a largely ameliorative international arena.
Framing the Oil Spill Disaster: How South Korean Newspapers Present Responsibility and Severity When Covering the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill
Authors: Kim Hwalbin , Carter Shirley S.
Published: August 2017

This study examines how South Korean newspapers framed the Hebei Spirit oil spill disaster in 2007 with two key concepts of situational crisis communication theory (SCCT): crisis responsibility and severity. Also, we investigate how the political stances of newspapers—conservative and liberal—affect the selection of news frames. By using a content analysis from four nationwide South Korean newspapers, findings showed that frames regarding severity appeared more often than frames about crisis responsibility. Also, the results revealed that there were differences of frames according to time periods and the political stances of newspapers. This study provides empirical evidence to support that the two SCCT concepts can be used in the content analysis appropriately. Also, this study offers crisis managers with helpful information by showing how the media present a crisis in practice and, thus, can inform how organizations develop appropriate crisis communication responses.
Taking the Learning from Service Learning into the Postcollege World
Authors: Stolley Kathy Shepherd , Collins Takeyra , Clark Patty , Hotaling Diane E. , Takacs Robin Cote
Published: August 2017

For 10 years, Virginia Wesleyan College (VWC) hosted a week-long on-campus emergency homeless shelter during the College’s short Winter Session. The mission of the extracurricular student-initiated, student-run project was to serve the homeless, raise awareness, dispel myths about homelessness, and reflect VWC’s mission. This research is a qualitative assessment of transferable-skill development and attitudinal change of alumni who, as students, held Shelter Manager positions. Results show that all former managers who responded to the survey think about the Shelter with some regularity, and each has continued their involvement with Shelter postcollege. Reported outcomes include changed stereotypes and broader worldviews, as well as the development of transferable skills, including interpersonal and communication skills, leadership, and teamwork. Respondents reported specific examples of ongoing impacts of Shelter in both their personal and professional lives. Research findings provide an assessment of this unique engaged learning experience specifically and contribute to the literature on postcollege outcomes of service learning more broadly.
Design of biomimetic cellular scaffolds for co-culture system and their application
Authors: Kook Yun-Min , Jeong Yoon , Lee Kangwon , Koh Won-Gun
Published: August 2017

The extracellular matrix of most natural tissues comprises various types of cells, including fibroblasts, stem cells, and endothelial cells, which communicate with each other directly or indirectly to regulate matrix production and cell functionality. To engineer multicellular interactions in vitro, co-culture systems have achieved tremendous success achieving a more realistic microenvironment of in vivo metabolism than monoculture system in the past several decades. Recently, the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have primarily focused on three-dimensional co-culture systems using cellular scaffolds, because of their physical and biological relevance to the extracellular matrix of actual tissues. This review discusses several materials and methods to create co-culture systems, including hydrogels, electrospun fibers, microfluidic devices, and patterning for biomimetic co-culture system and their applications for specific tissue regeneration. Consequently, we believe that culture systems with appropriate physical and biochemical properties should be developed, and direct or indirect cell–cell interactions in the remodeled tissue must be considered to obtain an optimal tissue-specific microenvironment.
Involvement of family members in life with type 2 diabetes: Six interconnected problem domains of significance for family health identity and healthcare authenticity
Authors: Grabowski Dan , Andersen Tue Helms , Varming Annemarie , Ommundsen Christine , Willaing Ingrid
Published: August 2017

Objectives:

Family involvement plays a key role in diabetes management. Problems and challenges related to type 2-diabetes often affect the whole family, and relatives are at increased risk of developing diabetes themselves. We highlight these issues in our objectives: (1) to uncover specific family problems associated with mutual involvement in life with type 2-diabetes and (2) to analytically look at ways of approaching these problems in healthcare settings.

Methods:

Qualitative data were gathered in participatory problem assessment workshops. The data were analysed in three rounds using radical hermeneutics.

Results:

Problems were categorized in six domains: knowledge, communication, support, everyday life, roles and worries. The final cross-analysis focusing on the link between family identity and healthcare authenticity provided information on how the six domains can be approached in healthcare settings.

Conclusion:

The study generated important knowledge about problems associated with family involvement in life with type 2 diabetes and about how family involvement can be supported in healthcare practice.
A Survey of Canadian Nephrologists Assessing Prognostication in End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Forzley Brian , Chiu Helen H. L. , Djurdjev Ognjenka , Carson Rachel C. , Hargrove Gaylene , Martinusen Dan , Karim Mohamud
Published: August 2017

Background:

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) frequently have a relatively poor prognosis with complex care needs that depend on prognosis. While many means of assessing prognosis are available, little is known about how Canadian nephrologists predict prognosis, whether they routinely share prognostic information with their patients, and how this information guides management.

Objective:

To guide improvements in the management of patients with ESRD, we aimed to better understand how Canadian nephrologists consider prognosis during routine care.

Design and methods:

A web-based multiple choice survey was designed, and administered to adult nephrologists in Canada through the e-mail list of the Canadian Society of Nephrology. The survey asked the respondents about their routine practice of estimating survival and the perceived importance of prognostic practices and tools in patients with ESRD. Descriptive statistics were used in analyzing the responses.

Results:

Less than half of the respondents indicated they always or often make an explicit attempt to estimate and/or discuss survival with ESRD patients not on dialysis, and 25% reported they do so always or often with patients on dialysis. Survival estimation is most frequently based on clinical gestalt. Respondents endorse a wide range of issues that may be influenced by prognosis, including advance care planning, transplant referral, choice of dialysis access, medication management, and consideration of conservative care.

Limitations:

This is a Canadian sample of self-reported behavior, which was not validated, and may be less generalizable to non-Canadian health care jurisdictions.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, prognostication of patients with ESRD is an important issue for nephrologists and impacts management in fairly sophisticated ways. Information sharing on prognosis may be suboptimal.
Application of the Betty Neuman systems model in the nursing care of patients/clients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ahmadi Zakieh , Sadeghi Tabandeh
Published: August 2017

Objective

This study aimed to assess the application of the Betty Neuman systems model to the care of patient/clients with multiple sclerosis.

Methods

This clinical study resulted from the application of the nursing process to a patient/client admitted with multiple sclerosis in the neurological ward of a hospital in an urban area of Iran.

Results

A patient/client was evaluated according to the Neuman model. Intrapersonal stressors (physiological, psychological, socio-cultural, and spiritual), interpersonal stressors (being away from family and children) and extra-personal stressors (aggression and psychological pressure from the spouse) were found. Based on the examination, 12 nursing diagnoses based on the taxonomy of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International, and nursing care based on three levels of prevention that are important in the view of Neuman, are presented. The results were used in the classification of nursing interventions and the classification and nursing outcomes respectively.

Conclusions

The results suggest the desirability of care and patient/client satisfaction in the evaluation of nursing care based on the Neuman model. The model can be used as a framework to help nurses care for patients/clients. Thus, the application of this model and other models is recommended in the nursing care of patients/clients.
Sensitivity to Casualties in the Battlefield
Authors: Hamanaka Shingo
Published: August 2017

This study examines how long the Israeli people support the government for an ongoing war. The rally-round-the-flag phenomenon, proclaiming that wartime governments can enjoy majority public support at the beginning of wars, is a challenging topic in the field of International Relations. Although this effect was noticed at the time of the Second Lebanon War, it remains unclear which particular condition determined the duration of public support in Israel. While the rally effect is a universal phenomenon, it is important to keep in mind the particularity of Israel. We hold on to an alternative theory, bandwagon effect, emphasizing the role of affectivity of individuals on the flow of information in crisis, in place of the standard rational expectation theory. An original experimental survey was conducted to examine the bandwagon effect in the rally phenomenon among Israeli citizens.
Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma with intracranial invasion without destroying the bone of the skull base: a case report and literature review
Authors: Momosaka Daichi , Togao Osamu , Hiwatashi Akio , Yamashita Koji , Yoshimoto Koji , Mori Megumu , Iwaki Toru , Honda Hiroshi
Published: August 2017

Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (ssRMS) is a new subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma included in the World Health Organization soft tissue and bone tumor classification in 2013. Despite the increasing number of reported cases of ssRMS, the imaging characteristics of ssRMS are not established. Herein, we present the case of an elderly Japanese woman with ssRMS of the masticator space with intracranial invasion without destruction of the adjacent bone. Attention should be paid to the presence of intracranial infiltration that may indicate a worse prognosis. Tumor growth without bone destruction could be a key finding to differentiate ssRMSs from conventional subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma.
Physiological Markers of Interpersonal Stress Generation in Depression
Authors: Hamilton Jessica L. , Alloy Lauren B.
Published: August 2017

Abnormalities in parasympathetic nervous system activity have been linked to depression, but less is known about processes underlying this relationship. The present study evaluated resting and stress-reactive respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) to a laboratory stressor as predictors of daily interpersonal stress generation and depressive symptoms, whether stress generation mediated the relationship between RSA and depressive symptoms, and potential sex differences. A sample of formerly depressed 102 emerging adults (18–22 years; 79% female) completed a laboratory stressor and daily assessments of stressors and depressive symptoms over 2 weeks. Multilevel modeling revealed that (a) lower resting RSA predicted daily depressive symptoms, (b) less RSA reactivity predicted interpersonal stress generation, (c) interpersonal dependent stressors mediated the relationship between RSA reactivity and daily depressive symptoms, and (d) sex differences occurred in the resting RSA-depression relationship. These findings highlight the importance of resting RSA and RSA reactivity in the examination of depression and interpersonal processes.
Co-occurrence of FLT3-TKD and NPM1 mutations defines a highly favorable prognostic AML group
Authors: Boddu Prajwal , Kantarjian Hagop , Borthakur Gautam , Kadia Tapan , Daver Naval , Pierce Sherry , Andreeff Michael , Ravandi Farhad , Cortes Jorge , Kornblau Steven M.
Published: August 2017

Key Points

FLT3-TKD/NPM1 double mutation status is associated with superior relapse-free survival compared with NPM1-only–mutated AML. Allogeneic stem cell transplant in complete responders does not improve outcomes in FLT3-TKD/NPM1 AML patients.
Stratification of eosinophilic asthma patients treated with reslizumab and GINA Step 4 or 5 therapy
Authors: Brusselle Guy , Canvin Janice , Weiss Sivan , Sun Shawn X. , Buhl Roland
Published: August 2017

Reslizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, significantly reduces exacerbation frequency and improves lung function, asthma control and quality of life in adults with severe eosinophilic asthma, as demonstrated in Phase III studies.

This secondary analysis assessed reslizumab's efficacy in patients receiving baseline treatment per Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Step 4 and Step 5 guidelines.

Pooled data from duplicate, Phase III, reslizumabversusplacebo studies in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (blood eosinophils ≥400 cells·µL−1) were stratified by baseline therapy. Efficacy assessments were exacerbation rates and changes from baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and patient-reported outcomes.

Of 953 patients, 69% (n=657) and 11% (n=106) were receiving Step 4 and Step 5 therapy, respectively. Compared with placebo, reslizumab reduced exacerbation rates by 53% (95% CI 0.36–0.62) and 72% (95% CI 0.15–0.52), in Step 4 and Step 5 groups respectively. By study end, reslizumab increased FEV1in Step 4 and Step 5 groups by 103 mL (95% CI 52–154 mL) and 237 mL (95% CI 68–407 mL), respectively. Reslizumab also improved patient-reported outcomes compared with placebo in both groups.

Reslizumab reduces exacerbation rates and improves lung function and patient-reported outcomes in patients with eosinophilic asthma receiving therapy per Steps 4 and 5 of the GINA guidelines.
Outcomes of immunosuppressive therapy in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Adegunsoye Ayodeji , Oldham Justin M. , Fernández Pérez Evans R. , Hamblin Mark , Patel Nina , Tener Mitchell , Bhanot Deepa , Robinson Lacey , Bullick Sam , Chen Lena , Hsu Scully , Churpek Matthew , Hedeker Donald , Montner Steven , Chung Jonathan H. , Husain Aliya N. , Noth Imre , Strek Mary E. , Vij Rekha
Published: August 2017

In chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP), lack of improvement or declining lung function may prompt use of immunosuppressive therapy. We hypothesised that use of azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil with prednisone reduces adverse events and lung function decline, and improves transplant-free survival.

Patients with CHP were identified. Demographic features, pulmonary function tests, incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and transplant-free survival were characterised, compared and analysed between patients stratified by immunosuppressive therapy. A multicentre comparison was performed across four independent tertiary medical centres.

Among 131 CHP patients at the University of Chicago medical centre (Chicago, IL, USA), 93 (71%) received immunosuppressive therapy, and had worse baseline forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity, and increased mortality compared with those who did not. Compared to patients treated with prednisone alone, TEAEs were 54% less frequent with azathioprine therapy (p=0.04) and 66% less frequent with mycophenolate mofetil (p=0.002). FVC decline and survival were similar between treatment groups. Analyses of datasets from four external tertiary medical centres confirmed these findings.

CHP patients who did not receive immunosuppressive therapy had better survival than those who did. Use of mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine was associated with a decreased incidence of TEAEs, and no difference in lung function decline or survival when compared with prednisone alone. Early transition to mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine may be an appropriate therapeutic approach in CHP, but more studies are needed.
A novel magnet based 3D printed marker wand as basis for repeated in‐shoe multi segment foot analysis: a proof of concept
Authors: Eerdekens Maarten , Staes Filip , Pilkington Thomas , Deschamps Kevin
Published: August 2017

Background

Application of in‐shoe multi‐segment foot kinematic analyses currently faces a number of challenges, including: (i) the difficulty to apply regular markers onto the skin, (ii) the necessity for an adequate shoe which fits various foot morphologies and (iii) the need for adequate repeatability throughout a repeated measure condition. The aim of this study therefore was to design novel magnet based 3D printed markers for repeated in‐shoe measurements while using accordingly adapted modified shoes for a specific multi‐segment foot model.

Methods

Multi‐segment foot kinematics of ten participants were recorded and kinematics of hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot were calculated. Dynamic trials were conducted to check for intra and inter‐session repeatability when combining novel markers and modified shoes in a repeated measures design. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to determine reliability.

Results

Both repeatability and reliability were proven to be good to excellent with maximum joint angle deviations of 1.11° for intra‐session variability and 1.29° for same‐day inter‐session variability respectively and ICC values of >0.91.

Conclusion

The novel markers can be reliably used in future research settings using in‐shoe multi‐segment foot kinematic analyses with multiple shod conditions.
National Estimates of Genetic Testing in Women With a History of Breast or Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Childers Christopher P. , Childers Kimberly K. , Maggard-Gibbons Melinda , Macinko James
Published: August 2017

Purpose

In the United States, 3.8 million women have a history of breast (BC) or ovarian cancer (OC). Up to 15% of cases are attributable to heritable mutations, which, if identified, provide critical knowledge for treatment and preventive care. It is unknown how many patients who are at high risk for these mutations have not been tested and how rates vary by risk criteria.

Methods

We used pooled cross-sectional data from three Cancer Control Modules (2005, 2010, 2015) of the National Health Interview Survey, a national in-person household interview survey. Eligible patients were adult females with a history of BC and/or OC meeting select 2017 National Comprehensive Cancer Network eligibility criteria on the basis of age of diagnosis and family history. Outcomes included the proportion of individuals reporting a history of discussing genetic testing with a health professional, being advised to undergo genetic testing, or undergoing genetic testing for BC or OC.

Results

Of 47,218 women, 2.7% had a BC history and 0.4% had an OC history. For BC, 35.6% met one or more select eligibility criteria; of those, 29.0% discussed, 20.2% were advised to undergo, and 15.3% underwent genetic testing. Testing rates for individual eligibility criteria ranged from 6.2% (relative with OC) to 18.2% (diagnosis ≤ 45 years of age). For OC, 15.1% discussed, 13.1% were advised to undergo, and 10.5% underwent testing. Using only four BC eligibility criteria and all patients with OC, an estimated 1.2 to 1.3 million individuals failed to receive testing.

Conclusion

Fewer than one in five individuals with a history of BC or OC meeting select National Cancer Comprehensive Network criteria have undergone genetic testing. Most have never discussed testing with a health care provider. Large national efforts are warranted to address this unmet need.
Regulation of Cx37 channel and growth-suppressive properties by phosphorylation
Authors: Jacobsen Nicole L. , Pontifex Tasha K. , Li Hanjun , Solan Joell L. , Lampe Paul D. , Sorgen Paul L. , Burt Janis M.
Published: August 2017

Growth suppression mediated by connexin 37 (Cx37; also known as GJA4) requires interaction between its C-terminus and functional pore-forming domain. Using rat insulinoma cells, we show that Cx37 induces cell death and cell cycle arrest, and slowed cell cycling. Whether differential phosphorylation might regulate intramolecular interactions, and consequently the growth-suppressive phenotype, is unknown. Protein kinase C inhibition increased the open state probability of low-conductance gap junction channels (GJChs) and reduced GJCh closed state probability. Substituting alanine at serine residues 275, 302 and 328 eliminated Cx37-induced cell death, supported proliferation and reduced the GJCh closed state probability. With additional alanine for serine substitutions at residues 285, 319, 321 and 325, Cx37-induced cell death was eliminated and the growth arrest period prolonged, and GJCh closed state probability was restored. With aspartate substitution at these seven sites, apoptosis was induced and the open state probability of large conductance GJChs (and hemichannels) was increased. These data suggest that differential phosphorylation of the C-terminus regulates channel conformation and, thereby, cell cycle progression and cell survival.
Effects of sublethal doses of thiacloprid and its formulation Calypso® on the learning and memory performance of honey bees
Authors: Tison Léa , Holtz Sophie , Adeoye Amy , Kalkan Önder , Irmisch Nina S. , Menzel Randolf
Published: August 2017

Learning and memory play a central role in behavior and communication of foraging bees. We already showed that chronic uptake of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid affects the behavior of honey bees in the field. Foraging behavior, homing success, navigation performance, and social communication were impaired. Thiacloprid collected at a feeding site at low doses accumulates in foragers over time. Here we applied a laboratory standard procedure, the proboscis extension response (PER) conditioning, in order to assess which processes, acquisition, memory consolidation and/or memory retrieval were compromised after bees were fed either with thiacloprid or the formulation of thiacloprid named Calypso® at 3 different sublethal doses. Extinction and generalization tests allowed us to investigate whether bees respond to a learned stimulus, and how selectively. We show that thiacloprid, as active substance and as formulation, poses a substantial risk to honeybees by disrupting learning and memory functions. These data support and specify the data collected in the field.
Role of GnIH in photoperiodic regulation of seasonal reproduction in the Eurasian tree sparrow
Authors: Dixit Anand S. , Singh Namram S. , Byrsat Sanborlang
Published: August 2017

Seasonal reproductive cycles of most birds are regulated by photoperiod via neuroendocrine control. GnIH in hypothalamus has been reported to act as neuroendocrine integrator of photoperiodic cues. In this study, both captive and field investigations were carried out to understand the effects of photoperiod and seasonality on GnIH expression in subtropical tree sparrows. Monthly observations on GnIH mRNA and peptide expressions in wild birds over a year revealed significant increase in GnIH mRNA level and number of GnIH-ir neurons during the nonbreeding season when compared to their expressions in the breeding season. GnIH-ir neurons were found primarily in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) with their fibers projecting into median eminence and some other areas of brain. In an eight month long experiment, birds exposed to short days had higher GnIH expression compared to birds on long days regardless of sampling month. Long day birds with regressed testes had similar GnIH levels compared to short day birds. Though the number of GnIH peptide expressing neurons ran almost parallel to the levels of GnIH mRNA, they were found inversely related to gonadal size in both sexes under natural and artificial photoperiodic conditions. These results clearly indicate inhibitory role of GnIH in photoperiodic regulation of seasonal reproduction in the tree sparrow.
Novel neurobiological properties of elements in the escape circuitry of the shrimp
Authors: Mellon De Forest
Published: August 2017

Escape behaviors in peneid shrimp are mediated by large myelinated medial giant fibers which course from the brain to the last abdominal ganglion in the ventral nerve cord. In each abdominal segment the medial giant axons make synaptic connections with paired myelinated giant motor axons that excite the abdominal deep flexor muscles and drive the tailflips that constitute the escape behavior. I examined 1) anatomical features of the abdominal motor giant fibers and 2) electrical properties of both the medial giants and motor giants in the pink shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duoarum. The motor giant axons in the paired third roots of shrimp abdominal ganglia emerge from a single fused neurite that originates from two clusters of cell bodies within the ganglion. Injection of large positive currents into the abdominal medial giant fibers generates action potentials that are transmitted to the opposite medial giant through putative collateral synapses within the ganglia. Transmission across the medial giant-to-motor giant synapse is fast and resistant to fatigue, with synaptic delays equal to or less than those previously documented at the lateral giant-to-motor giant electrical synapse in crayfish. Transmission was found to be extremely reliable even with presynaptic spike frequencies as high as 250 Hz. While action potentials within the medial giants are transmitted across the medial-to-motor giant synapse with a large safety factor, neither prolonged positive nor negative DC currents pass through the synaptic nexus, irrespective of the site of injection. The lack of DC current passage along with the inability of neurobiotin or biocytin to spread through the synaptic nexus raises the possibility that the synaptic mechanism may be capacitative.
COINSTAC: Decentralizing the future of brain imaging analysis
Authors: Ming Jing , Verner Eric , Sarwate Anand , Kelly Ross , Reed Cory , Kahleck Torran , Silva Rogers , Panta Sandeep , Turner Jessica , Plis Sergey , Calhoun Vince
Published: August 2017

In the era of Big Data, sharing neuroimaging data across multiple sites has become increasingly important. However, researchers who want to engage in centralized, large-scale data sharing and analysis must often contend with problems such as high database cost, long data transfer time, extensive manual effort, and privacy issues for sensitive data. To remove these barriers to enable easier data sharing and analysis, we introduced a new, decentralized, privacy-enabled infrastructure model for brain imaging data called COINSTAC in 2016. We have continued development of COINSTAC since this model was first introduced. One of the challenges with such a model is adapting the required algorithms to function within a decentralized framework. In this paper, we report on how we are solving this problem, along with our progress on several fronts, including additional decentralized algorithms implementation, user interface enhancement, decentralized regression statistic calculation, and complete pipeline specifications.
Sociocultural Anthropology
Authors: Кравченко  , Kravchenko Al'bert
Published: August 2017

Sociocultural anthropology studies instruments of labor, technology, traditions and customs, beliefs and values, social institutions, family, marriage and kinship, economic mechanisms, the evolution of art, etc.
The book outlines the basic knowledge of this discipline, taking into account the world experience and the requirements of the state standard: the place of anthropology in the system of scientific knowledge, the subject, object and methods of research, theory and empirical classics of social anthropology, anthropogenesis (the origin of man) and sociogenesis (evolution of prehistoric society); The typology of early societies and the historical stages of the development of traditional society (hunters and gatherers, tribal order, chiefdom), marriage, family, kinship.
The book is intended for students of primary courses of humanitarian universities, as well as everyone who loves this most interesting and most modern science about man and society.
Two Faces of Early Corporate Venture Capital Funding: Promoting Innovation and Inhibiting IPOs
Authors: Kim Ji Youn (Rose) , Park Haemin Dennis
Published: August 2017

We examine the dual effects of corporate venture capital (CVC) funding in a startup’s early stage on the startup’s long-term innovation rate and exit outcome. Based on a sample of 473 startups funded by independent venture capitalists and/or corporate venture capitalists, we find that startups that received CVC funding in their first three years of life tend to patent more but are less likely to go public, after accounting for their propensity to receive early CVC funding. Moreover, the detrimental effect of early CVC funding on the likelihood of an IPO is more pronounced when the startup’s founders are novice entrepreneurs. It appears that the incentives and capabilities of corporate investors leave a strong imprinting effect on a startup’s long-term innovation rate and exit outcomes. Our study has implications for CVC research, and more broadly, for the literature on the rate and direction of innovation by startups.
Crisis Resource Management in emergency medical settings in Qatar
Authors: Gangaram Padarath , Alinier Guillaume , Menacho Aldo Mendoza
Published: August 2017

The principles of Crisis Resource Management (CRM) aim to mitigate the risks associated with a potential crisis and improve patient safety. Effective teamwork and communication are key CRM elements in emergency care medicine. This article will explore their importance in the context of pre-hospital emergency care in Qatar, which is provided by the national Ambulance Service (HMCAS). The national and organizational environments are culturally very diverse which presents particular challenges that can impede the CRM principles, and ultimately affect patient care. This is especially worrying if emergency care practitioners (EMC) are not forthcoming with their concerns and allow patients to be endangered. To partly counteract the individual cultural diversity within the organization, HMCAS recognized the importance of trying to inculcate a different organisational culture promoting an environment whereby practitioners can speak up, irrespective of culture, nationality, or the presence of more senior or experienced colleagues. To that effect CRM principles are a core element of the HMCAS EMC practitioners' orientation programme and continuing professional development (CPD) courses. Special emphasis is made on the key principles of teamwork and communication, and in relation to mutual support, feedback, and speaking up when concerns arise. Regular training involving all role players (including supervisors) in different settings, and appropriately simulated scenarios that call for application of CRM principles is required to further improve the quality of EMC service in Qatar.
Orphan love in the age of capital
Authors: Skott-Myhre Hans , Skott-Myhre Kathleen S.G. , Kouri Scott , Smith Jeff
Published: August 2017

As we enter the second decade of the twenty-first century, who is to be served by institutions of care and to what ends becomes a pressing matter of concern. Foucault has suggested that the capitalist regime of rule in the twentieth century deployed residential settings as disciplinary apparatuses for shaping subjects to its colonial and industrial interests. However, in the twenty-first century, Deleuze has proposed that it is no longer discipline that is of primary concern for capitalism, but control through an ever-proliferating system of abstract code. It is within this context that terms, such as care within institutional residential encounters, open themselves to the necessity of interrogation. This paper will argue that residential care is a field of encounter saturated with a complex and intricate array of affects. If the rule of capitalism is designed to abstract lived experience, then any affirmation of the corporeal experience of encounter as lived experience might well constitute an alternative affirmation of life and hence a revolutionary set of possibilities. This paper will argue that it is love as creative desire that holds the most powerful possibilities for affirming the lived encounter to be found in residential care.
Love: Recognising relationships in work with vulnerable youth
Authors: Thrana Hilde Marie
Published: August 2017

The article focuses on the role love can play in professional child welfare services (CWS). It is based on participant observation and interviews with 14 young people in contact with the CWS in Norway. The youths are followed from a time when they were rebelling and in conflict with the environment through their experiences of entering into a partnership with social workers supporting them in their school, work, family and leisure. The youths’ perspectives on what love is in professional relationships is discussed in light of Axel Honneth's theory of recognition, where love can be seen as a foundation for the development of identity and self-esteem. The article finally discusses what love can bring to social work practices and, specifically, to work with vulnerable youth.