bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historical controversies about the thalamus: from etymology to function
Authors: Serra Carlo , Guida Lelio , Staartjes Victor E. , Krayenbühl Niklaus , Türe Uğur
Published: September 2019

The authors report on and discuss the historical evolution of the 3 intellectual and scientific domains essential for the current understanding of the function of the human thalamus: 1) the identification of the thalamus as a distinct anatomical and functional entity, 2) the subdivision of thalamic gray matter into functionally homogeneous units (the thalamic nuclei) and relative disputes about nuclei nomenclature, and 3) experimental physiology and its limitations.

Galen was allegedly the first to identify the thalamus. The etymology of the term remains unknown although it is hypothesized that Galen may have wanted to recall the thalamus of Odysseus. Burdach was the first to clearly and systematically define the thalamus and its macroscopic anatomy, which paved the way to understanding its internal microarchitecture. This structure in turn was studied in both nonhuman primates (Friedemann) and humans (Vogt and Vogt), leading to several discrepancies in the findings because of interspecies differences. As a consequence, two main nomenclatures developed, generating sometimes inconsistent (or nonreproducible) anatomo-functional correlations. Recently, considerable effort has been aimed at producing a unified nomenclature, based mainly on functional data, which is indispensable for future developments. The development of knowledge about macro- and microscopic anatomy has allowed a shift from the first galenic speculations about thalamic function (the “thalamus opticorum nervorum”) to more detailed insights into the sensory and motor function of the thalamus in the 19th and 20th centuries. This progress is mostly the result of lesion and tracing studies. Direct evidence of the in vivo function of the human thalamus, however, originates from awake stereotactic procedures only.

Our current knowledge about the function of the human thalamus is the result of a long process that occurred over several centuries and has been inextricably intermingled with the increasing accumulation of data about thalamic macro- and microscopic anatomy. Although the thalamic anatomy can currently be considered well understood, further studies are still needed to gain a deeper insight into the function of the human thalamus in vivo.
An ancestor of the stereotactic atlases: the Tabulae Anatomicae of Bartolomeo Eustachio
Authors: Dario Alessandro , Armocida Giuseppe Ottavio , Locatelli Davide
Published: September 2019

The authors report the history of the Tabulae Anatomicae of Bartolomeo Eustachio (ca. 1510–1574). In the tables, the anatomical illustrations were drawn inside a numerical frame, with pairs of numbers on the y- and x-axes to identify single anatomical details in the reference table. The measures and the references could be calculated using the graduated margins divided by 5 units for each the x-axis and y-axis. The Tabulae Anatomicae can be considered a precursor to modern anatomical reference systems that are the basis of studies on cerebral localization mainly used for stereotactic procedures.
History of cerebral localization and the emigration plight of three neuroscience giants from Nazi Germany: Josef Gerstmann, Adolf Wallenberg, and Franz Josef Kallmann
Authors: Fana Michael , Smith Eleanor C. , Gable Jessica L. , Manjila Nihal , Manjila Sunil
Published: September 2019

The Nazi regime held power for well over a decade in Germany and were steadfast in their anti-Semitic agenda. Among the massive cohort of immigrants to America were approximately 5056 Jewish physicians, including several highly esteemed neurologists and neuroscientists of the time. Emigrating to a new world proved difficult and provided new challenges by way of language barriers, roadblocks in medical careers, and problems integrating into an alien system of medical training and clinical practice. In this article, the authors examine the tumultuous and accomplished lives of three Jewish German and Austrian neurologists and neuroscientists during the time of the Third Reich who shaped the foundations of neuroanatomy and neuropsychology: Josef Gerstmann, Adolf Wallenberg, and Franz Josef Kallmann. The authors first examine the successful careers of these individuals in Germany and Austria prior to the Third Reich, followed by their journeys to and lives in the United States, to demonstrate the challenges an émigré physician faces for career opportunities and a chance at a new life. This account culminates in a description of these scientists’ eponymous syndromes.

Although their stories are a testimony to the struggles in Nazi Germany, there are intriguing and notable differences in their ages, ideologies, and religious beliefs, which highlight a spectrum of unique circumstances that impacted their success in the United States. Furthermore, in this account the authors bring to light the original syndromic descriptions: Gerstmann discovered contralateral agraphia and acalculia, right-left confusion, and finger agnosia in patients with dominant angular gyrus damage; Wallenberg described a constellation of symptoms in a patient with stenosis of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery; and Kallmann identified an association between hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia based on family studies. The article also highlights the unresolved confusions and international controversies about these syndromic descriptions. Still, these unique cerebral syndromes continue to fascinate neurologists and neurosurgeons across the world, from residents in training to practicing clinicians and neuroscientists alike.
Mapping language dominance through the lens of the Wada test
Authors: Kundu Bornali , Rolston John D. , Grandhi Ramesh
Published: September 2019

The sodium amytal test, or Wada test, named after Juhn Wada, has remained a pillar of presurgical planning and is used to identify the laterality of the dominant language and memory areas in the brain. What is perhaps less well known is that the original intent of the test was to abort seizure activity from an affected hemisphere and also to protect that hemisphere from the effects of electroconvulsive treatment. Some 80 years after Paul Broca described the frontal operculum as an essential area of expressive language and well before the age of MRI, Wada used the test to determine language dominance. The test was later adopted to study hemispheric memory dominance but was met with less consistent success because of the vascular anatomy of the mesial temporal structures. With the advent of functional MRI, the use of the Wada test has narrowed to application in select patients. The concept of selectively inhibiting part of the brain to determine its function, however, remains crucial to understanding brain function. In this review, the authors discuss the rise and fall of the Wada test, an important historical example of the innovation of clinicians in neuroscience.
Outcomes of endoscopic discectomy compared with open microdiscectomy and tubular microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniations: a meta-analysis
Authors: Barber Sean M. , Nakhla Jonathan , Konakondla Sanjay , Fridley Jared S. , Oyelese Adetokunbo A. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Telfeian Albert E.
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE

Endoscopic discectomy (ED) has been advocated as a less-invasive alternative to open microdiscectomy (OM) and tubular microdiscectomy (TM) for lumbar disc herniations, with the potential to decrease postoperative pain and shorten recovery times. Large-scale, objective comparisons of outcomes between ED, OM, and TM, however, are lacking. The authors’ objective in this study was to conduct a meta-analysis comparing outcomes of ED, OM, and TM.

METHODS

The PubMed database was searched for articles published as of February 1, 2019, for comparative studies reporting outcomes of some combination of ED, OM, and TM. A meta-analysis of outcome parameters was performed assuming random effects.

RESULTS

Twenty-six studies describing the outcomes of 2577 patients were included. Estimated blood loss was significantly higher with OM than with both TM (p = 0.01) and ED (p < 0.00001). Length of stay was significantly longer with OM than with ED (p < 0.00001). Return to work time was significantly longer in OM than with ED (p = 0.001). Postoperative leg (p = 0.02) and back (p = 0.01) VAS scores, and Oswestry Disability Index scores (p = 0.006) at latest follow-up were significantly higher for OM than for ED. Serum creatine phosphokinase (p = 0.02) and C-reactive protein (p < 0.00001) levels on postoperative day 1 were significantly higher with OM than with ED.

CONCLUSIONS

Outcomes of TM and OM for lumbar disc herniations are largely equivalent. While this analysis demonstrated that several clinical variables were significantly improved in patients undergoing ED when compared with OM, the magnitude of many of these differences was small and of uncertain clinical relevance, and several of the included studies were retrospective and subject to a high risk of bias. Further high-quality prospective studies are needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding the comparative efficacy of the various surgical treatments for lumbar disc herniations.
Stem cell injections for axial back pain: a systematic review of associated risks and complications with a case illustration of diffuse hyperplastic gliosis resulting in cauda equina syndrome
Authors: Aoun Salah G. , Peinado Reyes Valery , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Davies Matthew , Patel Ankur R. , Ban Vin Shen , Plitt Aaron , El Tecle Najib E. , Moreno Jessica R. , Raisanen Jack , Bagley Carlos A.
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE

Axial low-back pain is a disease of epidemic proportions that exerts a heavy global toll on the active workforce and results in more than half a trillion dollars in annual costs. Stem cell injections are being increasingly advertised as a restorative solution for various degenerative diseases and are becoming more affordable and attainable by the public. There have been multiple reports in the media of these injections being easily available abroad outside of clinical trials, but scientific evidence supporting them remains scarce. The authors present a case of a serious complication after a stem cell injection for back pain and provide a systematic review of the literature of the efficacy of this treatment as well as the associated risks and complications.

METHODS

A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus online electronic databases to identify articles reporting stem cell injections for axial back pain in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The primary focus was on outcomes and complications. A case of glial hyperplasia of the roots of the cauda equina directly related to stem cell injections performed abroad is also reported.

RESULTS

The authors identified 14 publications (including a total of 147 patients) that met the search criteria. Three of the articles presented data for the same patient population with different durations of follow-up and were thus analyzed as a single study, reducing the total number of studies to 12. In these 12 studies, follow-up periods ranged from 6 months to 6 years, with 50% having a follow-up period of 1 year or less. Most studies reported favorable outcomes, although 36% used subjective measures. There was a tendency for pain relief to wane after 6 months to 2 years, with patients seeking a surgical solution. Only 1 study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

CONCLUSIONS

There are still insufficient data to support stem cell injections for back pain. Additional RCTs with long-term follow-up are necessary before statements can be made regarding the efficacy and safety.
INSTRUMENTASI KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS: ANALISIS RELIABILITAS, VALIDITAS, TINGKAT KESUKARAN DAN DAYA BEDA BUTIR SOAL
Authors: Loka Son Aloisius
Published: September 2019

A good assessment instrument is an instrument that can reveal data in accordance with the actual reality, is fixed, steady or reliable, and has varying degrees of difficulty and has a good index of discrimination. Therefore this study was conducted to analyze reliability, validity, level of difficulty, and differentiation of items that can be used to reveal students' mathematics problem solving abilities. The test questions tested are questions in the form of 4 numbers. The calculation results show that the 4 test questions for problem solving ability are reliability in the medium category, and valid with each category is high. The index has difficulty number 1 in the easy category, number 2 and 3 in the medium category, and number 4 in the difficult category, and the discrimination index is quite good
Pengaruh Jumlah Penduduk dan Upah Minimum Kota Terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Pekanbaru tahun 2010-2017
Authors: Herman Herman
Published: September 2019

The city of Pekanbaru has a population of 1,091,088 with a minimum wage of only Rp 2,557,486. This study aims to determine the effect of population and city minimum wages on the level of open unemployment in Pekanbaru in 2010- 2017. This research is a quantitative research, with data obtained from secondary data, namely from BPS Kota Pekanbaru in 2010-2017. Data analysis with multiple regression. The results of the study show that: 1) The population has a negative and significant effect on the level of open unemployment in Pekanbaru City 2010-2017. 2) the city minimum wage does not significantly influence the unemployment rate in Pekanbaru City 2010-2017. 3) the magnitude of the influence of the total population and the city of Pekanbaru's minimum wage on the unemployment rate of 50.2 percent.
Kepatuhan WPOP Usahawan Sebelum dan Sesudah Kebijakan Tax Amnesty Di KPP Pratama Jakarta Pancoran
Authors: Fitria Dona , Cahyo Ismail Dwi
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the WPOP Business compliance before and after the tax amnesty was implemented at KPP Pratama Jakarta Pancoran. The data analysis technique in this study uses the 2016 - 2017 SPT tax compliance ratio. Statistical tests using the Paried Sample t-Test. The results showed that the number of WPOP business compliance ratios on time after the enactment of the tax amnesty increased by 4.64%, in 2016 amounting to 9.12% and in 2017 amounting to 13.76%. The number of Business WPOPs that report annual SPT not on time after the enactment of the tax amnesty has decreased from 577 to 164. The results of the WPOP Business Compliance ratio not on time after the enactment of the tax amnesty dropped from 2016 by 6.97% to only 1.91% in in 2017. However, the number of Business WPOPs that did not report Annual Tax Returns after the enactment of the tax amnesty increased from 2016 to 6,922 to 7,238 in 2017. The ratio of taxpayer compliance that does not submit Annual Tax Returns increases 0.43%.The statistical results using a different paired test can be concluded that there is no difference in compliance of the WPOP Entrepreneurs before and after the enactment of the Tax Amnesty at the Pancoran Primary Tax Office. It means that the Directorate General of Taxes has not succeeded in increasing the compliance of the Business WPOP through the Tax Amnesty policy regulations.
Brain-First versus Gut-First Parkinson’s Disease: A Hypothesis
Authors: Borghammer Per , Van Den Berge Nathalie
Published: September 2019

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a highly heterogeneous disorder, which probably consists of multiple subtypes. Aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein and propagation of these proteinacious aggregates through interconnected neural networks is believed to be a crucial pathogenetic factor. It has been hypothesized that the initial pathological alpha-synuclein aggregates originate in the enteric or peripheral nervous system (PNS) and invade the central nervous system (CNS) via retrograde vagal transport. However, evidence from neuropathological studies suggests that not all PD patients can be reconciled with this hypothesis. Importantly, a small fraction of patients do not show pathology in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Here, it is hypothesized that PD can be divided into a PNS-first and a CNS-first subtype. The former is tightly associated with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) during the prodromal phase and is characterized by marked autonomic damage before involvement of the dopaminergic system. In contrast, the CNS-first phenotype is most often RBD-negative during the prodromal phase and characterized by nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction prior to involvement of the autonomic PNS. The existence of these subtypes is supported by in vivo imaging studies of RBD-positive and RBD-negative patient groups and by histological evidence— reviewed herein. The present proposal provides a fresh hypothesis-generating framework for future studies into the etiopathogenesis of PD and seems capable of explaining a number of discrepant findings in the neuropathological literature.
Elaboration and mastering of technology of semiproduct smelting in EAF under magnesia slags
Authors: Babenko A. A. , Ushakov M. V. , Murzin A. V. , Mikhailova L. Yu.
Published: September 2019

Technology of magnesia slags forming provides increase of electric energy utilization efficiency and furnace lining resistance due to early formation of stable slag foam and decrease of aggressive slag impact on the lining. At the same time the practice of operation with magnesia slags shows, that excessive over-saturation them by magnesium oxide results in heterogenization, decrease of refining properties and deterioration of some technological, technical and economic process indices. Therefore, study and elaboration technology of rational composition magnesia slags forming by periods of a heating in EAF is an actual task. Results of numerical simulation of slag temperature and chemical composition effect on MgO saturation concentration during different melting periods in EAF presented. Besides, results of analysis of refining abilities of magnesia slags depending on MgO saturation degree also presented study of magnesia slags viscosity effect depending on MgO basicity and saturation concentration, as well as magnesia slag chemical and phase composition effect on foaming efficiency. Results of theoretical and experimental study were used as a base of elaboration rational slag composition by periods of melting in the EAF and technological techniques of their formation. A technology elaborated and implemented at PAO “Seversky pipe plant” EAF shop by leaving some amount of high-magnesia slags of the previous heat and addition in two stages high-magnesia flux of “Magma” grade during the oxidizing period. This resulted in a record resistance of the refractory EAF lining, exceeding 1900 heats within a campaign and a high level of technological, technical and economic process indices.
Analysis of modern trends in recuperative burners perfection
Authors: Biryukov A. B. , Vlasov Ya. S.
Published: September 2019

At present, recuperative burners are becoming more extended in the gas-heated facilities, thanks to their significant advantages comparing with conventional gas-burning devices. However, the wide application of the recuperative burners is restricted by their high price. Therefore, studies for perfection recuperative burner designs and technologies of aggregates heating with the burners application are very actual. Results of analysis of modern ways of the burners designs and methods of their application presented, including diagnostics of the recuperative burner heat-exchanging surface state, optimization of the heat-exchanging surface and others. Items of ribbing rational parameters selection for imbedded recuperative devices considered. Perfection of the preliminary combustion chambers and air distribution by combustion stages are important ways of the recuperative burner perfection. It was noted, that in addition to traditional two-stage combustion systems, three-stage combustion systems are appeared lately. It was showed, that under unfavorable conditions of a furnace running, a significant contamination of the recuperative device surface can take place earlier comparing with the set regulation time of periodical cleaning, resulting in losses related to increase of fuel consumption. From the other side, unjustified decrease of the furnace operation period between the recuperative device surfaces cleaning is inconvenient in organization. A methodology of operative diagnostic of a recuperative device state elaborated, due to which the estimation of the imbedded recuperative device heat-exchanging surface state can be done by the identification of the current values of recuperation coefficient and their comparing with the standard values. The methodology enables regulating the periods of cleaning of the surfaces of both the central recuperative devices and recuperative burners.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK, HARGA DAN SALURAN DISTRIBUSI TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TAHU POO
Authors: Fithrianto M. Novan , Suharsono Judi , Setyani Hidayati R.R.
Published: September 2019

This research aims to: (1) Knowing the influence of product quality, price and distribution channels partially on customer satisfaction to know Poo Bah Kacung Kota Kediri; (2) Knowing the influence of product quality, price and distribution channels simultaneously on customer satisfaction know Poo Bah Kacung Kota Kediri; (3) Knowing the most dominant variables between product quality, price and distribution channels that influence customer satisfaction know Poo Bah Kacung Kota Kediri. The population customers add up to 53 customers at tofu Poo Bah Kacung Kota Kediri, with technique non-probability sampling, namely purposive sampling (sample criteria). The type of research used in this study is quantitative research with a causal relationship (canonical). The results of the study proves that all independent variables X1, X2, X3 partial influence on Y. Hypothesis test results F count proved that product quality, price and distribution channels simultaneously influence customer satisfaction. Dominant test results show the Price variable (X2) has a t value greater than the Product Quality variable (X1) and the Distribution Channel variable (X3).
农田水利工程给排水施工技术及质量控制分析
Authors: 叶 碧辉
Published: September 2019

农业是我国国民经济发展的基础,水利工程可以有效促进我国农业的发展,而水利工程中给排水技术是农田水利工程的重点,在整个农田水利工程中发挥着重要的作用,直接影响着整体的工程质量,目前,我国农田水利工程给排水施工技术中存在一些的问题影响了工程施工质量,严重威胁农业的可持续发展,本文针对给排水施工技术与质量控制进行分析,发现其中存在的问题,并提出相应解决措施。
加强水利工程管理现代化的路径
Authors: 艾 亚菲 , 李 洋 , 田 月红
Published: September 2019

水利工程属于基础性工程,他可以满足人们对水资源的需求,同时还可以有效地保护河流沿岸的居民的生命财产不受侵害。但水利工程在建设过程中对环境和资源造成了一定损害,所以就需要加速水利工程管理的现代化的步伐,既保证水利工程的经济和社会效益,又保护自然环境资源。本文就对加强水利工程管理现代化的路径进行分析说明,以供借鉴。
关于水利水电工程施工质量控制要点探
Authors: 杜 慧娟 , 孙 利崇
Published: September 2019

随着我国社会经济的快速发展,水利水电工程的基础性作用越来越重要。做好水利水电工程的施工质量,把它建设成为合格的项目和优质的工程,确保其功能作用的有效运行。本文详细探讨了水利水电工程施工中的质量问题,针对相关建设部门掌握水利水电工程施工质量控制要点,加快水利水电工程建设促进我国经济的发展。
论水利水电工程中土石方施工技术分析
Authors: 郑 俊伟 , 孙 利崇
Published: September 2019

近年来,随着各种信息技术的不断创新和发展,它既是各行各业的机遇也是挑战。从某种意义上说,水利水电工程建设作为国民经济建设的基础工程,对国民经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。以下重点介绍了水利水电工程建设中土石方施工的问题和现状。希望本文能为相关人员提供参考,提高水利水电工程建设中土方工程质量问题,然后促进其长期发展。
浅谈电力物资仓储管理问题分析及提升措施
Authors: 叶 鑫
Published: September 2019

电力企业是国民经济的基础企业,关系到国计民生,随着社会经济的不断发展,电网改造工程建设投入越来越大,供电企业生产所需要的原材料也逐渐大量化、高参数化、高性能化。物资管理对供电企业在电网建设、安全生产和营销服务中所涉及到的各种设备材料的采购、储存、保管和使用等管理的活动起着非常重要的业务支撑作用,是供电企业发展建设的重要保障。
考虑强度弱化后边坡降雨入渗稳定性分析
Authors: 张 垚
Published: September 2019

以某电站厂房后边坡为实例,考虑降雨入渗导致岩体强度弱化后的非饱和流固耦合计算结果表明：将岩体强度定义为饱和度的函数时,非饱和流固耦合的分析结果与实际情况基本相符,更加全面的反映了降雨对边坡稳定性的不利影响。该研究成果对边坡工程实际有一定的指导作用。
海绵城市理念在市政给排水设计中的有效运用
Authors: 靳 亚轻
Published: September 2019

在全面贯彻可持续发展理念的影响下,海绵城市理念成为社会各界关注的焦点。海绵城市理念在市政给排水设计中的应用,充分起到了优化水资源分配,提高水资源综合利用率的目的。基于此,本文论述了海绵城市的基本概念,海绵城市理念在市政给排水设计中的应用价值,以及市政给排水设计的主要内容,并在此基础上提出了切实可行的应用策略,旨在促进城市经济建设与生态文明建设的协同进步。
水文水资源防洪问题分析刘丹
Authors: 刘 丹
Published: September 2019

经济的快速发展带来了较多环境问题,其中最重要的就是水文水资源环境管理,水资源防洪减灾对人民生命财产安全具有重要影响作用。所以,水文水资源防洪以及环境保护在可持续发展战略中具有重要作用。文章主要探讨分析水文水资源防洪问题,并且提出针对性的解决措施,希望能够对相关人员起到参考性价值。
水利工程河道治理存在的问题管理和生态水利的应用
Authors: 李 永光
Published: September 2019

近年来,我国环境破坏问题越来越严重,这主要是在经济发展的过程中忽视了对于环境的保护,其中,对于人们生活影响比较大的就是水质条件的污染,为了避免因水质污染影响居民身体健康,也为了避免水质污染恶臭四散,一定要重视水利工程的治理,主要是做好河道治理工作,建设生态型水利工程,提高水利工程的环保性和生态性,基于此,本文简要介绍了水利工程河道治理存在的问题及生态水利的应用。
农田水利工程高效节水灌溉研究
Authors: 卢 禄
Published: September 2019

农田水利工程高效节水灌溉的运用,大大提高了农业灌溉的效率,同时节约了水资源,因此应大力推广和使用农田水利工程高效节水灌溉技术。基于此,本文主要分析了农田水利高效节水灌溉技术应用的重要性、现状,探究了农田水利工程节水灌溉技术实施要点,并进行了案例分析。
垂直声波反射法在水库渗漏探测的应用
Authors: 吴 仁学
Published: September 2019

目前在探测水库渗漏工作中物探技术方法已经得到很成熟的应用,在探测水库渗漏中拥有无损检测、大面积检测、低成本等优势特点。垂直声波反射法是探测坝体缺陷、查明渗漏原因的一种有效的物探技术,该方法具有探测过程轻便快捷,数据资料解释简单,直观反映目的体异样等优势特点。本文结合具体工程实例介绍垂直声波反射法在探测水库渗漏中的具体应用。
新疆吉音水利枢纽工程古河槽对厂房左岸边坡影响分析
Authors: 马 琪
Published: September 2019

新疆地区所占面积比较大,比较空旷,适合作为水利枢纽的所在地。随着近年来国家越来越提倡环保,当地的水利开发程度加大,随之而来的问题也逐渐显现出来,其中就包括古河槽问题。本文主要对吉音水利枢纽工程所遇的古河槽进行勘察研究,并对其特性进行总结。经过实地勘测和研究,本文主要总结了吉音水利枢纽工程左岸的地质特点、主要的地质问题以及对左岸边坡的影响,希望能给同行或者相关工程的研究人员一定的参考价值。
乌拉台水库面板钢筋计应力异常的探讨
Authors: 于 军 , 李 晓飞
Published: September 2019

文章通过实际项目情况,从钢筋计应力计算、超量程、裂缝出现等方面分析了钢筋计的工作情况,在水库面板观测资料分析工作中具有一定的参考价值。
水利工程施工中的土方填筑施工技术分析
Authors: 乔 燕辉
Published: September 2019

作为民生工程建设中的重要组成部分,我国水利工程的建设质量对国家的城市用水与农业用水都能起到重要的决定性作用,这就使我国对水利工程施工中的土方填筑施工有了更高的技术要求。
变电运维误操作事故预控措施解析
Authors: 周 建民
Published: September 2019

现阶段,我国电力系统的运转规模正在不断加大,这与我国行业发展的实际情况有直接关系,随着我国社会经济水平的不断提升,很多传统行业的发展也已经进入到了一个新的阶段,电力的运行稳定情况会直接影响到我国多个行业的发展。因此,我国应该进一步提升对电力行业的运行维护力度,从而保证电力系统的整体运行稳定,给人们的生活、学习以及工作带来方便。其实,在电力系统运行过程中,变电运维过程中会经常出现误操作的情况,一旦出现变电运维误操作事故之后,会对电力系统的整体运行产生较为严重的影响,这是毋庸置疑的,因此,应该做好相应的预防工作。基于此,本文对变电运维误操作事故预控措施进行了解析。
浅析水利工程施工安全管理措施
Authors: 刘 诚
Published: September 2019

水利工程施工安全管理是关乎民生的重要管理工作,为此引起当今社会足够重视。本文以水利工程施工安全管理意义为探究起点,详尽探讨当前水利工程施工安全管理主要内容,立足我国水利工程施工安全管理实际情况,在累积水利工程施工安全管理经验基础上,提出有利于水利工程施工安全管理的措施。本文结论对提升水利工程施工安全管理能力,推动我国水利工程建设事业良性发展具有一定价值。
水利工程施工管理的重要性及解决策略探究
Authors: 于 涛
Published: September 2019

水利工程具有影响深远、工程周期长且规模庞大、需要大量人力物力的特点,因此,就更需要严格谨慎的对待水利工程的建设,否则,产生的后果将是难以想象的,不仅会造成工程的失败,还极有可能对工程附近造成破坏。所以必须意识到水利工程施工管理的重要性,并且合理的分析水利工程施工管理,做出具有合理性以及科学性的应对策略。本文就水利工程施工管理的重要性以及相关管理问题进行分析,并提出相应的解决措施。
Innovation factors in the cyclical development of Ukrainian industries
Authors: Polyakova Olga , Shlykova Viktoriia
Published: September 2019

This article deals with the determination of the stages of development of Ukrainian industries with regard to the factors driving innovation. Based on an analysis of literary sources carried out, the most common indicators of the stages of development of industries have been identified, and it is proposed to classify them into structural, volumetric, dynamic, and innovation ones, given the specificity of the relevant statistical data regarding Ukraine. Calculations have shown that most industries are in a declining phase in terms of the majority of volumetric and innovation criteria. In some industries there are positive trends to intensify the innovation activity of businesses, while the chemical and engineering industries, which have the highest level of technological development, are in a decline phase.
The Influence of Structural Structures on Slope Stability at PT. Energi Batubara Lestari, South Kalimantan)
Authors: Galih C Yudho Dwi , Utami Gati Sri , Khanifa Arrina
Published: September 2019

PT. Energi Batubara Lestari (EBL) is a coal mine that uses an open pit mining system, so it requiresslope security to create a safe and conducive mining environment. This study aims to analyze slopestability, the method used in this study is the boundary equilibrium method. The geological structure atPT. EBL has solids, sand lithology, loose sand, clay and coal, has a strong impact on slope stabilitybecause the more gaps, the more incoming water it will more easily affect weathered rocks so thatthey experience landslides. Slope stability analysis on the highwall side of the A-A side gets the FK1,851 value, the B-B side highwall side obtained by FK 1,676 and the highwall side of the C-obtainedside FK 1.54 indicates that the highwall slope is safe. And on the lowwall side the A-A side is obtainedFK 1,198, on the B-B side lowwall 'FK values obtained 0.94, and the C-C side lowwall side' is obtainedFK 1.27, indicating that on lowwall slopes in critical conidi. To make a stable or safe slope the slopegeometry is designed in lowwall areas with a high change and overall slope so that FK results areobtained: A-A design side 'lowwall slope 1,478, B-B design side' 1,447 lowwall slope while design sideC-C 'slope lowwall 1,497.
Að halda uppi lögum og reglum: Saga og orðmyndun orðsins lögregla
Authors: Tarsi Matteo
Published: September 2019

This article deals with the history and word formation of the Icelandic word for ‘police’, i.e. lögregla. The word constitutes an interesting case of word formation in that said lexeme is a dvandva compound whose creation is related to the expression að halda uppi lögum og reglu ‘to maintain law and order’. Moreover, it is argued that the word has arisen in the wake of the Icelandic purist movement in the first half of the 19th century, and that its creator is Konráð Gíslason, who was at the time a member of the Icelandic Literary Society (Hið íslenzka bókmenntafélag) and editor of the journal Fjölnir. According to the sources, the word, lögregla, cannot have been formed as an independent lexical item. In fact, the word appears first in a compound with maður‘man’, meaning ‘policeman’ or, more precisely, ‘a man who is in charge of maintaining law and order’. It is argued that lögregla has in fact been created in order to gradually substitute the Danish loanword pólití, first in compounds such as pólitímaður and pólitíþjónn ‘policeman’, and then as a single lexeme. The Danish loanword pólití had a twofold meaning: ‘policeman’ and ‘police’. Moreover, it is argued that lögregla, as an unbound lexeme, was initially a shortened form for lögreglumaður, and later assumed the general meaning ‘police force’ by means of synecdoche (pars pro toto).
Hvernig meta Íslendingar fólk sem talar með hreim? Greining á duldum viðhorfum með sérstöku tilliti til kyns og aldurs
Authors: Bade Stefanie
Published: September 2019

Att itudes to languages and language varieties are oft en diverse, generally being infl u-enced by individuals’ backgrounds and environment. This study investigates which background variables influence evaluations of foreign-accented speech in Icelandic. 538 Icelanders evaluated eight audio cues according to eight personality traits connected with prestige and solidarity. The speakers (all female) represented the largest immigration groups in Iceland. They were from the following countries: USA, Den-mark, the Philippines, Lithuania, Poland, Thailand, and Germany. Additionally, one native speaker of Icelandic was recorded. The verbal guise technique was employed, thus concealing speakers’ backgrounds. Statistical analysis revealed that women and those over 60 are generally more positive in their evaluation as compared to men or those under 60 years. Other background variables, such as residency, education or profession, showed much variance between individual accents and personality traits. The findings indicate that people’s background influences attitudes towards accents. Overall, results imply that those accents which can be categorized as Western are preferred to those that belong to Eastern Europeans or Asians. An ideological categorization of that kind has the power to potentially influence the deep-rooted linguistic climate in Iceland and to make way for a hierarchical system built on perceived na-tiveness and non-nativeness.
La necessitat d’anomenar vila un llogarret: motivacions en la fundació de San Vicente de la Barquera (1210)
Authors: Martín Pérez Fernando
Published: September 2019

This article proposes is to show a series of hypotheses about the reasons behind the founding of San Vicente de la Barquera by King Alfonso VIII of Castile. Like the rest of the inhabited centers in the Cantabrian coast, this town was a rural space: one of the so-called aldeas (small towns) or costas bravas (rough coasts). When the need to articulate, arbitrate, trade and dominate, led to the kings of several kingdoms to call them villas. This might be interpreted as a mere declaration of intent. However in this article we we point to other factors that were involved in the founding of this port town.
Pere d'Empúries, un poeta de nissaga reial a la «Crònica» de Ramon Muntaner
Authors: Cabré Miriam
Published: September 2019

This article analyses the poetic performance by Prince Peter of Aragon (at the time, count of Empúries) during the feast to celebrate his older brother Alfons’s coronation in 1328, as described in Ramon Muntaner’s chronicle. Both the context of the whole ceremony and the contemporary poetic trends provide indications to further the understanding of this scene. This wider perspective illuminates the way Peter chose to present himself while reinforcing the pivotal symbolic elements of the coronation. - Keywords Coronations; 14th C Catalan poetry; Ramon Muntaner; Peter of Empúries; Alfons el Benigne
承压设备关于风险检验的无损检测技术
Authors: 牟 永田
Published: September 2019

文章先分析了承压设备无损检测技术，随后介绍了常见的无损检测方法，进一步降低承压设备应用操作中的风险问题，包括壁厚减少问题检测、裂纹检测以及在线无损检测，希望能给相关人士提供有效参考。
试论水利工程建设安全生产管理对策
Authors: 许 伟 , 丁 平
Published: September 2019

水利工程建设可以说是当前我国最为重要的基础建设工程，其与民众的生活水平的提升存在密切的关联，并且对于促进国家社会经济的健康发展也会起到积极的推动作用。但是，在水利工程稳定发展的带动下，在实际的工程建造中因为会受到诸多因素的影响势必会产生诸多的危险事故，不但会对水利工程施工整体效果造成应县个，并且也不利于施工安全性的保证。就一个完整的水利工程来说，工程规模相对较大，工程覆盖面较为广阔，存在严重的不集中的情况，施工人员专业水平参差不齐，也对工程施工各项工作的开展造成了诸多的制约，进而需要我们针对水利工程施工中涉及到的安全生产管理工作加以侧重关注，从根本上提升工程施工的效果。
水利工程建设对生态环境的影响综述
Authors: 孙 辉
Published: September 2019

近年来，对水利工程的项目环境影响进行的深入严谨的分析和研究，研究结果表明，水利工程的项目的建造将会对周边的生态环境产生重大的干扰和影响。从生态、社会、经济和人文等学科的角度来看，传统水利项目的对环境影响的生态管理已成为现代水利项目的一个建造中心环节。为了在水利工程建设的过程中充分保护水资源周边环境，实现社会和经济的双重效益，现代水利工程建设项目必须强调在实现水利工程基本功能之外，还必须同时考虑到项目的建设对环境的影响。
农田水利工程节水灌溉技术
Authors: 严 伟
Published: September 2019

在国内社会经济迅猛发展的带动下，使得国内很多的行业得到了明显的进步发展。进而这就使得各个行业的生产经营中对于水源的需求量在不断的增加，现如今我国对于水资源的保护工作越发的重视。农田水利节水灌溉技术的研发有效的缓解了国内农业生产水资源供应不足的问题，联系当下农田水利节水灌溉的形式，针对现下农田水利节水灌溉技术在实际运用中存在的问题实施全面深入的研究，针对存在的各类问题给予专门的解决建议，有效的促进水利节水灌溉技术健康稳定的发展，对于农田水利节水灌溉机械设备实施专门的维保工作，对于我国农业的健康发展会起到积极的影响作用。
Tecnologias no mapeamento de áreas de risco de deslizamento em Teófilo Otoni
Authors: Júnior Hamilton Costa , Cabral Stênio Cavalier
Published: September 2019

O crescimento da população urbana é, atualmente, objeto de preocupação do poder público e da população, uma vez que o mesmo gera uma ocupação em ritmo acelerado, constantemente realizada sem planejamento. Para tanto, é necessário identificar as áreas suscetíveis a risco geológico, no intuito de proteger a população da ocorrência de deslizamentos, além de recuperar e proteger espaços já ocupados. O presente estudo busca desenvolver um método de avaliação com o auxílio de um software de geoprocessamento em Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG), que proporcione o mapeamento de áreas suscetíveis a movimentos gravitacionais de massa localizadas nos espaços urbanos de Teófilo Otoni. Para tanto, foi realizada a delimitação da área de estudo, seguida da identificação e qualificação das áreas de perigo a movimentos gravitacionais de massa de deslizamento planar e, por fim, qualificação do risco em algumas destas áreas. Desta feita, foram identificadas e qualificadas trinta e cinco áreas de perigo a processos de deslizamento planar, sendo delimitadas e classificadas as áreas de risco presentes em três dos bairros do município, demonstrando que a utilização de tecnologias de geoprocessamento em plataforma SIG proporcionou de forma satisfatória o mapeamento de áreas de risco em espaços urbanos.
A perspectiva da interdisciplinaridade nas dissertações do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Profissional
Authors: Souza Francisco das Chagas Silva , Silva Edilana Carlos da , Lima Ana Paula Marinho de , Souza Francisca Leidiana de
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo, temos como objetivo analisar as dissertações do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Profissional – PPGEP/IFRN, pertencentes à Linha de Pesquisa 2: “Formação Docente e Práticas Pedagógicas”, defendidas em 2018, com a finalidade de discutir a perspectiva do tema interdisciplinaridade. A pesquisa se deu por meio de um levantamento no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações do Portal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES. Quanto aos resultados, encontramos 7 dissertações, destas, duas não fizeram menção ao nosso objeto de análise, já as demais dialogaram com diversas áreas do saber, os quais se aproximam da construção de um conhecimento mais globalizado.
Cultural Keyword ‘Eling’ in Javanese and Its Implication in Javanese Society
Authors: Sukaton Ounu Zakiy
Published: September 2019

Cultural keywords are important information that we can use to understand how people who use those words see life from their perspective. The same can be said about the Javanese community. Some of their words and concepts are exclusive to their own and they can give hindsight to how the Javanese people perceive their life. In order to analyse the meaning behind cultural keywords, Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) is used in this article. The data was taken from several social media posts to illustrate the core meaning of the word ‘eling’. An explication is proposed for the word ‘eling’ as well as a brief conclusion about the multiple meaning of ‘eling’ and its usage.
Language Variations In Madurese across Regions and Age Groups: Looking at Syntactic and Lexical Variations among Regions and Age Groups:
Authors: Muttaqin Syariful
Published: September 2019

This research is aimed to describe the syntactic and lexical variations of Madurese language based on different ages and regions in Madura. This is due to the changing phenomena of language especially Madurese due to socioeconomic and technological development. Participants of this study were youths and old groups from different regions. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively in accordance to the research problems. It was found out that syntactically, Madurese language has similar basic word order structure as Indonesian language. The possessive structure is determined by the last sound of the word, either vocal or consonant. Other structures, noun phrase, prepositions, adjective clause, nonverbal clause, and existential clause are much similar to that of Indonesian language. No differences were found in terms of syntactic variations among different ages and regions in Madura. In terms of lexical, some variations do occur as attributed to the socio-cultural background of each speaker. The level of politeness indicates that social level influences the choice of lexical terms used by speakers based on different ages and regions in Madura.
Theoretical Investigations Into the Variability of the 15N Solid-State NMR Parameters Within an Antimicrobial Peptide Ampullosporin A
Authors: CZERNEK J. , BRUS J.
Published: September 2019

The solid-state NMR measurements play an indispensable role in studies of interactions between biological membranes and peptaibols, which are amphipathic oligopeptides with a high abundance of α-aminobutyric acid (Aib). The solid-state NMR investigations are important in establishing the molecular models of the pore forming and antimicrobial properties of peptaibols, but rely on certain simplifications. Some of the underlying assumptions concern the parameters describing the 15N NMR chemical shielding tensor (CST) of the amide nitrogens in Aib and in conventional amino acids. Here the density functional theory (DFT) based calculations were applied to the known crystal structure of one of peptaibols, Ampullosporin A, in order to explicitly describe the variation of the 15N NMR parameters within its backbone. Based on the DFT computational data it was possible to verify the validity of the assumptions previously made about the differences between Aib and other amino acids in the isotropic part of the CST. Also the trends in the magnitudes and orientations of the anisotropic components of the CST, as revealed by the DFT calculations of the full periodic structure of Ampullosporin A, were thoroughly analyzed, and may be employed in future studies of peptaibols.
A Novel Scheme for Single-Channel Speech Dereverberation
Authors: Kilis Nikolaos , Mitianoudis Nikolaos
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a novel scheme for speech dereverberation. The core of our method is a two-stage single-channel speech enhancement scheme. Degraded speech obtains a sparser representation of the linear prediction residual in the first stage of our proposed scheme by applying orthogonal matching pursuit on overcomplete bases, trained by the K-SVD algorithm. Our method includes an estimation of reverberation and mixing time from a recorded hand clap or a simulated room impulse response, which are used to create a time-domain envelope. Late reverberation is suppressed at the second stage by estimating its energy from the previous envelope and removed with spectral subtraction. Further speech enhancement is applied on minimizing the background noise, based on optimal smoothing and minimum statistics. Experimental results indicate favorable quality, compared to two state-of-the-art methods, especially in real reverberant environments with increased reverberation and background noise.
Soil Solarization and Calcium Cyanamide Affect Plant Vigor, Yield, Nutritional Traits, and Nutraceutical Compounds of Strawberry Grown in a Protected Cultivation System
Authors: Sabatino Leo , D’Anna Fabio , Prinzivalli Carlo , Iapichino Giovanni
Published: September 2019

Soil solarization is a hydrothermal procedure of disinfesting soil of soilborne diseases and pests. Solarization can be combined with many other chemical or non-chemical alternatives to afford integrated pest and diseases management or improve plant yield. Calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) is a fertilizer used in agriculture sector and is also effective in suppressing soilborne pathogens. The present study assessed the influences of different pre-plant CaCN2 dosages on strawberry grown on solarized or non-solarized soil. Soil solarization and 500 kg ha−1 CaCN2 significantly increased early marketable yield by 105.3%, total marketable yield by 53.0% and firmness by 3.0%, respectively compared with the control (no solarization × 0 kg ha−1 of CaCN2). Exposing solarized plots to CaCN2 at 1000 kg ha−1 significantly increased fruit ascorbic acid content by 77.5% and phenolic content by 13.3% compared with fruits from control plants. Overall, plants grown on solarized soil performed better than those cultivated on no-solarized plots. Plants grown on soil treated with a dosage of 500 or 1000 kg ha−1 CaCN2 increased plant height, number of shoots plant−1, number of leaves plant−1, root collar diameter, plant visual quality, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity compared to control plants. Fruits from plants grown on soil exposed to CaCN2 with a dosage of 500 and 1000 kg ha−1 showed a lower N fruit content (5.4 and 19.5%, respectively) than control plants (non-treated control).
Mixing Sows into Alternative Lactation Housing Affects Sow Aggression at Mixing, Future Reproduction and Piglet Injury, with Marked Differences between Multisuckle and Sow Separation Systems
Authors: Greenwood Emma C. , van Dissel Jonathon , Rayner Jessica , Hughes Paul E. , van Wettere William H. E. J.
Published: September 2019

Alternative lactation housing could reduce aggression when sows are mixed. We aimed to compare the effects of mixing sows in lactation (with or without piglets), at weaning or after insemination, and determine the effects of lactation housing on the piglet. This study used 120 multiparous Large White × Landrace sows and 54 focal litters. The sows were mixed into groups of six and allocated to multisuckle from day 21 lactation (MS), separated from litter and housed in groups, with piglets left in the crate for seven hours daily from day 21 lactation (SEP), mixed at weaning (day 28 lactation) (WEAN) and mixed after artificial insemination (AI) (MAI; 4 ± 1 day after last AI). Behaviour, saliva for free salivary cortisol concentration and injury counts were taken on M-1 (before mixing), M0 (mixing), M1 and M6. Piglets were weighed, injury-scored and bloods taken for cortisol. There was reduced aggression, seen as fights, bites and knocks in MS compared to the other treatments on all days (p < 0.05). MS sows had no fights on M1 and M6 and had more piglets born in the subsequent farrowing. Piglet weight, cortisol and mortality were unaffected by treatment (p > 0.05). MS piglets had greater injury scores immediately after moving to multisuckle and lower injuries around weaning (p > 0.001). Multisuckle housing could decrease aggression and stress at mixing in sows, with changes in the time of peak piglet injury (at mixing rather than at weaning) but overall no negative effects on the piglets.
Effect of Chestnut Tannins and Short Chain Fatty Acids as Anti-Microbials and as Feeding Supplements in Broilers Rearing and Meat Quality
Authors: Mannelli Federica , Minieri Sara , Tosi Giovanni , Secci Giulia , Daghio Matteo , Massi Paola , Fiorentini Laura , Galigani Ilaria , Lancini Silvano , Rapaccini Stefano , Antongiovanni Mauro , Mancini Simone , Buccioni Arianna
Published: September 2019

Chestnut tannins (CT) and saturated short medium chain fatty acids (SMCFA) are valid alternatives to contrast the growth of pathogens in poultry rearing, representing a valid alternative to antibiotics. However, the effect of their blends has never been tested. Two blends of CT extract and Sn1-monoglycerides of SMCFA (SN1) were tested in vitro against the proliferation of Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella typhymurium, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni. The tested concentrations were: 3.0 g/kg of CT; 3.0 g/kg of SN1; 2.0 g/kg of CT and 1.0 g/kg of SN1; 1.0 g/kg of CT and 2.0 g/kg of SN1. Furthermore, their effect on broiler performances and meat quality was evaluated in vivo: one-hundred Ross 308 male birds were fed a basal diet with no supplement (control group) or supplemented with CT or SN1 or their blends at the same concentration used in the in vitro trial. The in vitro assay confirmed the effectiveness of the CT and SN1 mixtures in reducing the growth of the tested bacteria while the in vivo trial showed that broiler performances, animal welfare and meat quality were not negatively affected by the blends, which could be a promising alternative in replacing antibiotics in poultry production.
A Comparative Metagenomics Study on Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Amphibious Mudskippers and Other Vertebrate Animals
Authors: Yi Yunhai , Liang Lifeng , Wang Zhilin , Ai Peng , You Xinxin , Bian Chao , Shi Qiong , Dong Bo
Published: September 2019

Gut microbiomes in various fish species were widely investigated with the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technologies. However, little is known about gastrointestinal (GI) microbial communities in mudskippers, a representative group of marine amphibious fishes, and their comparisons with other vertebrate animals from different habitats. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis on microbial composition in five representative vertebrate groups (including amphibious mudskippers, marine and freshwater aquatic fishes, amphibians, and terrestrial animals) via operational taxonomic unit (OTU) survey and obtained a microbial gene catalog of five common fish species by metagenome sequencing. We observed that Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria were the most substantial bacteria in mudskippers. Differential variances in composition patterns of GI microbiota among the vertebrate groups were determined, although Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the shared phyla with high abundance. In addition, Cetobacterium and Photobacterium were the most abundant genera in core OTUs of these examined omnivores, carnivores, and herbivores. Our metagenomic analysis also showed significant differences between the representative blue-spotted mudskipper and grass carp (both are herbivorous fishes) in microbes at the phylum and class levels and functional gene terms. Moreover, several bacteriocin-related genes were identified in the five common fishes, suggesting their potential contributions to pathogen resistance. In summary, our present work not only sheds new light on the correlation of GI microbiota composition with living habitats and feeding habits of the hosts, but also provides valuable bacterial genetic resources for healthy growth of aquaculture fishes.