bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Social Media Use and Depression among Nursing Students at Governmental University
Authors: Alzahrani Manal S. J. , Morsi Nahed M. A. , Sharif Loujain S.
Published: April 2021

Context: Students in the modern world are busy using social media for different purposes and activities. Misuse of social media applications can negatively impact student's psychological health.

Aim: To determine the relationship between social media use and depression among nursing students in governmental universities. Methods:  Descriptive correlational study design was conducted among 267 nursing students in nursing college at a governmental university in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using the Social Media Use Integration Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory scale to assess the relationship between depression and social media use among nursing students.

Results: Social media use among nursing students was high (50.90%) while 31.1% of them was overuse, while depression level was mild among 26% of study participants and there was a statistically significant relation between social media application used, number of hours spent on social media per day, and level of depression among nursing students at the governmental university.

Conclusions: The collected data analysis revealed a statistically significant positive moderate correlation between used social media and depression among nursing students at the university. Hence, it is essential to establish an educational program through routine checkups for depression levels among nursing students besides arranging for weekly group discussion and consultation to express feelings and thoughts, creating a supportive academic environment.
Teacher’s Expectations for the Era Pandemic Covid 19
Authors:   Lecture of Educatin Faculty Alauddin State Islamic University Makassar, Ahmad La Ode Ismail
Published: April 2021

In this discussion, the focus is on a teacher. Why? Because most people learn from a teacher, so it is necessary to be an example and idol by everyone. The example intended a good example for every student, both from his actions or his words. Not only that, a teacher also deserves idolism because he is an example, not because he is an artist, or model, but because he is able to become a teacher who is expected and able to be a positive energy for students. However, what is often seen is that some teachers are completely indifferent to what is required and obliged, so it becomes a problem for the portrait of a teacher in the future. Students become successful, not only because of themselves, their parents, their environment, but also in a very supportive school environment, namely the teacher. Then it needs to be understood that a teacher is indeed very influential.
Development of Reading Culture Among Youth - A Spiritual And Ideological Factor for the Implementation of the State Youth Policy in Uzbekistan
Authors:   Researcher National University of Uzbekistan, Abdunazarov Sobir I.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the formation of a culture of reading among young people - as well as the spiritual and ideological factor in the implementation of state youth policy in Uzbekistan.In modern conditions of globalization, the relevance of fostering loyalty to the national idea, patriotism, high spiritual and moral views, the formation of ideological and spiritual immunity among the broad masses of the population, especially young people, is increasing. Because information attacks, ideological and spiritual threats are growing in the world under the guise of mass culture. Spirituality is a powerful force protecting our country and our youth from such ideological and spiritual attacks and evil forces.
ANALYSIS OF YOUTUBE VIDEOS ON PULMONARY REHABILITATION IN COVID-19
Authors: Koçyiğit Burhan Fatih , Akyol Ahmet , Şahin Ahmet Riza
Published: April 2021

Introduction: YouTube is a popular social media platform frequently searched by online users for retrieving health-related information. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs have an important place in the COVID-19 treatment protocols. The aim of this study was to evaluate COVID-19 pulmonary rehabilitation videos on YouTube.
Methods:  A total of 180 videos tagged with the search terms “COVID-19 pulmonary rehabilitation”, “COVID-19 pulmonary exercise” and “COVID-19 pulmonary physiotherapy” were retrieved. Of these, 63 videos met the study inclusion criteria. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) and the modified DISCERN tool were performed for quality and reliability assessments. Duration of video, upload date, number of views, likes, dislikes, and comments were recorded. Video sources were determined.
Results: Of the total 63 videos, 22 (34.9%) were classified in the high-quality group, 19 (30.2%) intermediate quality group, and 22 (34.9%) low quality group. The main sources of the high-quality videos were universities and physicians. Others, patients, independent users and health related websites produced high rates of low-quality videos. No significant difference was detected in views, likes, dislikes, and comments per day between the quality groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Numbers of high, intermediate and low-quality videos were very close to each other. It is necessary to consider the video sources in order to find videos that contains accurate information. Video parameters other than sources should not be considered as quality indicators.
Community-wide mask-wearing: a realistic approach amidst the second wave of Covid-19 in Pakistan
Authors: Rehan Bahar , Farooqi Maheera , Qureshi Nazuk Eraj
Published: April 2021

July - 2021
Analysis of clinical factors associated with intraoperative and postoperative complications of retrograde intrarenal surgery
Authors: Cuneyt Ozden  , Cetin Volkan Oztekin  , Sahin Pasali  , Samet Senel  , Doruk Demirel  , Suleyman Bulut  , Yalcin Kilizkan
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting intraoperative and postoperative complications in retrograde intrarenal surgery. In the retrospective cohort study, 706 retrograde intrarenal surgery procedures applied to 617 patients were reviewed. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were classified according to the modified Satava and modified Clavien classification systems. The stone-free rate was 57.6% and the success rate was 74.8%. Intraoperative complications were observed in 30.5% (n:215) patients. The most common intraoperative complication was mild bleeding (8.5%). The only independent risk factor associated with intraoperative complications was the presence of residual stones. Postoperative complications were observed in 26.9% (n:190) of the patients. The most common postoperative complications were fever requiring antipyretic (8.6%). Independent risk factors associated with postoperative complications were the presence of residual stones and the presence of solitary kidney.
Continuous...
Evaluation of Hinguleshwara Rasa by ICP AES Elemental Qualitative Analysis for Standardization
Authors: Sonawane Ajay Bapusaheb , Gharote Archana P
Published: April 2021

In Ayurveda Shodhan (purification) process plays a very significant role in purification of Herbal & Mineral drugs like Hingul (Cinnabar) & Vatsanabh (Aconitum ferox) for internal administration. Hinguleshwar rasa is one of the important Herbo-mineral formulation in Ayurveda. In this study we performed purification (shodhan) of Hingul (cinnabar) & Vatsanabh (Aconitum ferox) according to text and after using it in Hinguleshwar rasa we try to find out elemental changes during whole purification & trituration process. Because of the need of purification & standardisation in Ayurveda we do ICP AES Elemental qualitative analysis of drug and formulation. After doing ICP AES test of purified Hingul we found elements like Chromium, Sodium, Tungsten. but these element were not present in sample of raw Hingul (Cinnabar). In the sample of purified and un-purified Vatsanabh (Aconitum ferox) we not found any significant different element in this test. In Hinguleshwar rasa we not found elements which are present in purified Hingul (Cinnabar) & purified Vatsanabh (Aconitum ferox) like Chromium, Gallium, Nickel and Tungsten. Hence this study concludes that some elemental changes may happen after purification, trituration process and during preparation of any formulation. ICP AES elemental qualitative analysis helps to find out elemental changes in the given sample.
Antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts of Houttuynia cordata and Centella asiatica on some human gut microflora
Authors: Bhagawati Madhusmita , K Hazarika N , Sarmah Rajeev
Published: April 2021

C. asiatica and H. cordata plants are used as vegetable since time immemorable by the people of Assam. These are also consumed for their medicinal values. Plenty of information on the action of the plants extract on the pathogens are available, but could not retrieve any information on the non-pathogens of human guts. Therefore, an attempt has been made to find action of the extracts on  few of the non-pathogens of human guts. The study shows that none of the plant extracts inhibit Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mesentricus, and Lactobacillus sp, whereas a minimum inhibition were recorded in case of pathogens Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella dysenteriae.
Resilience Approach of Ayurveda: nCOV-19 Pandemic
Authors: Soni Vijay Mohan , Singh Shiv , Munjal Neha
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The coronavirus disease, nCOV-19 pandemic is exceptional and unprecedented in many aspects and it has shaken the health care system at global level. The several studies reported on nCOV-19 suggest that, immunization is the only way to fight against it. For this, Ayurveda is the most imperative as it recommends a healthy lifestyle instead of the mere prescription of medicines. Methodology: Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy is purposed with developing education, research and propagation of indigenous alternative medicine systems in India (Ministry of AYUSH). The Ministry is headed by a Minister of State, which is currently held by Shripad Yesso Naik and has recommended some measures to be followed in building strength by following the holistic approach of Ayurveda toward Swasthavritta. Thus, the present paper focuses on analysing the public perception towards Ayurveda measures using the most popular statistical techniques as ANOVA. Results: The analysis of data indicated that, the people are mesmerised by the concept of Ayurveda and are following all the possible precautions to save themselves from the effect of COVID-19. Older generation has a firm believe on the vedic science as compared to the younger generation. Conclusion: The classic of Ayurveda ‘Charaka Samhita’ describes the epidemic management and it defines immunity as the most essential to prevent diseases and arrest its progress. The foundation of Ayurveda is to building strength of mind and body to manage with different stressors, including infections. The Ayurveda concept of immunity (Bala or strength) is categorized as natural (Sahaja), chronobiologic (Kalaja), and acquired (Yuktikrut). Henceforth, we can achieve the aim of Ayurveda i.e. the Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanam and Aturasya Vikar Prashamanam, against nCOV-19 pandemic.
Ethno-botanical Survey on Medicinal plants used by Tribes of Karanja (Ghadge) Tahsil of Wardha District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Rathi Bharat Jagdishji , Khobragade Pramod , Rathi Renu , Gupta Rajkumar
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Tribals or forest dwellers have much knowledge of the drugs growing around them. Most of this treasure of knowledge has been passed orally without any written documents. It is therefore very important to preserve and protect the traditional knowledge and also to prepare a digital data base of traditional medicine. Aim & Objectives: Ethno-botanical survey on medicinal Plants used by the Tribes of Karanja (Ghadge) Tahsil of Wardha District, Maharashtra, India and to prepare the ethno-botanical database of study area. Material & Methods: Ethno-botanical study was conducted through field surveys. Data was collected using questionnaire, interviews and discussions. The collected data was investigated using specific quantitative parameters including Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Relative popularity level (RPL), Use value (UV), Fidelity level (FL), Relative frequency citation (RFC) and Rank order priority (ROP). Observations & results: Total 7 local informants were interviewed for Ethno-botanical data. Total 65 plants associated to 46 families were verified, authenticated and then recognized with ethno medicinal uses. Informants used 10 types of parts of plant from 6 kind of habitat and do the management of the patients with 6 type of medicinal preparations through 5 routes of administrations. Values obtained by calculating ICF, UV, RFC, FL, RPL and ROP were suggestive of informant’s knowledge regarding particular plant species in treating the particular ailment. Conclusion: The present work would be useful in identification of newer species and their therapeutic applications.
Effect of Afghan Senjed (Elaeagnus Angustifolia L.) Leaves Aqueous Extract on Memory of Male Rats
Authors: Alami Kawsar , Haidari Mujtaba , Ebrahimi Khalil , Nasery Bakhtiari Ali Ahmad Makarem , Sajjadi Meysam , Mousavi Sayed Yousof
Published: April 2021

This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of Elaeagnus Angustifolia leaves extract (EALE) on the memory of male rats. Rats were divided into 7 groups: 4 groups in the first stage (Control, EALE 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) to determine the effective-dose of EALE on memory; and 3 groups in the second stage (Normal, Scopolamine and EALE effective-dose) to evaluate the effect of EALE on scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Rats received EALE by i.p. administration for 14 days and the memory function of all groups was evaluated by the Y-maze test on days 8 and 15. Only scopolamine and effective dose of EALE groups were received scopolamine 30 min before Y-maze test. The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of stage 2 rats were also measured. On day 8, the percentage of spontaneous alternation (%SA) was significantly increased in EALE 400 mg/kg group, as compared with the control group. On day 15, there was a significant difference in %SA only between EALE 100 mg/kg group and the control group. The %SA was significantly increased in the EALE effective-dose group only on day 15, as compared with scopolamine group (P<0.05). The effective-dose of EALE was also significantly decreased the total cholesterol (P<0.01) and triglyceride (P<0.001) levels in comparison with scopolamine group. In conclusion, a high dose of EALE only in a short-term administration period and its low dose in a long-term administration period had memory-enhancing effects. The low dose of EALE as an effective-dose of EALE could reverse the scopolamine-induced memory impairment.
A Case study on Efficacy of Nasya karma with Karpasasthyadi thailam in the Management of Kaphavrutha Vata w.s.r Manyasthamba
Authors: T S Remesh Chandran , R Manu , R Sainath Pillai
Published: April 2021

Manyasthamba (Cervical Spondylosis) is one among the Eighty Nanathmaja Vata Vyadhi’s. Due to the Nidanas (Etiology) like sleeping during day time, sitting and standing on irregular postures, constantly gazing upwards.Avarana is one of the pathological processes of Vata vitiation. Avarana is the disturbed movement of Vata due to obstruction by other factors in the body. Vata being aggravated, gets Avrutha by Kapha. Kaphavrutha Vata takes Ashraya (seat)in the Sira (arteries) and Snayu (Nerves) of Manya Pradesha  (Nape of the neck) and produces Lakshanas ( Symptoms)  like Sheetata ,Shopha (Swelling), Gaurava (Heaviness), Ruk (Pain) and Chesthastambha ( Lack of expression) we can correlate cervical spondylosis with Manyastambha which has dominancy of Vata-Kaphaja Dosha.

 

 Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative disease of cervical spine. It is age related degenerative disease but the incidence is increasing day by day due to strenuous activities, faulty postures and long hours desk work cervical spine go through various wear and tear processes because of which the gap between the two vertebrae reduces and the nerve passing through them get compressed and eliciting various symptoms like paraesthesia, radiating pain, numbness in hand, headache, dizziness. Modern medicine has no promising remedy for this disease yet. The general treatment protocol for Avarana is pacification of Vata along with cleansing of channels and treatment of encroaching Dosha. Nasya is considered as the best procedures for disease of head and neck.  Ayurvedic classics has mentioned Nasya (earrhines) as the treatment for Urdhva Jatru Gata Vikara (supraclavicular region). Nasya(earrhines) karma has potent effect on Shroto Shodhan (Cleansing of micro channels) and to retard the Dhatukshaya (Depletion of Dhatus).
Comparative Analgesic Effect of Traditional Formulation Shuntyadi Yoga Lepa and Its Neo Formulation as Balm on Shirashula
Authors: P Shreevalli , Kadibagil Vinaykumar R
Published: April 2021

Background: Chikista is mainly of two types i.e., antaraparmarjana and bahiramarimrjana. For relief of sthanika lakshana, immediate sthanika chikista is required. Lepa kalpana is one type of barimarimarjana chikista. Lepa pacifies the provoked local dosha by prahladana, shodhana, sopha harana. Shirah is the “uttamanga” of all the anga of the sharira and it is the abode (ashraya) of the prana and indriya. Charaka has described five types of shiroroga, whereas Sushruta, Bhavamishra and Yogaratnakara have classified eleven types of shiroroga. Shirashoola is also mentioned as synonym of shiroroga. Methods:Shuntyadi yoga is traditionally practised medicine which was used for treatment of shirashula. With the intention of forwarding the traditional knowledge and patient compliance the shuntyadi yoga was modified into balm form. The ingredients of shuntyadi yoga are shunti, haridra, maricha, lashuna and for the balm form additional ingredients like menthol, methyl salicylate, camphor was added. Ghanasara of drugs was prepared and used for preparation of vati and balm. Results:All the ingredients of formulation have reference of shulahara property so when they are formulated together because of synergetic effect their efficacy will be potentiated. Both formulations were administered for 15 patients each and the result was analysed. Conclusion:The results shown that both forms were effective in shoolahara property. Comparing the patient’s feedback, it can be concluded that balm formulation was beneficial considering organoleptic characters and patient compliance. So, shuntyadi yoga can be prepared in balm form which will continue the usage of traditional practice.
A critical analysis of resetting decision making in any organization
Authors: Reidhead Christine
Published: April 2021

The role of management is very important in the strategic growth and development of any organization in the long run. Important decision making is a critical factor for the strategic planning of organizational vision and mission. There are times when this important factor needs to be relooked from the fresh pair of eyes and apply the learning from past experience to reset it to suit the current requirements. This paper talks about the critical analysis of resetting decision making in any organization. Secondary analysis has been done for different organizations to understand the role of factors impacting the decision making process in an organization and how team performance and targets are set. The aims and objectives of the companies have been studied and critically analyzed to see if this is in accordance with the strategic objectives of the company. The study of decision making for different companies have given an in-depth focus to this research and have highlighted the entire process of working a management team in an organization.
DUPLICITY IN REGULATION AND PERFORMANCE OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR IN KENYA
Authors: Ogada Dr.Agnes
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The objective of the study was to investigate the duplicity in regulation and its effect on performance of the financial sector in Kenya. The specific objectives were; to review and identify regulation duplication/competition in existing regulatory framework for the financial sector in Kenya; to describe how regulatory effectiveness has been measured in empirical literature; to assess whether the current regulatory structure has affected the performance of the financial sector in Kenya and lastly to suggest potential ways of enhancing regulatory effectiveness in Kenya.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study found out that financial sector in Kenya and other developing economies have reported losses on a large scale due to under regulation and regulator duplicity. Some of these have become insolvent, or have had to be taken over or rescued by their governments. A single market regulator clearly has its own advantages over multiple regulators. But it is more suitable for well-developed and mature markets which are smaller in size, like the UK. The study also found out that Kenya’s economy and political arena are not mature enough to handle a single financial market regulator. In this light it can be asserted that even mature economies such as the United States still have multiple regulators.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Adherence to principles of open government, including transparency and participation in the regulatory process to ensure that regulation serves the public interest and is informed by the legitimate needs of those interested in and affected by regulation. Governments should ensure that regulations are comprehensible and clear and that parties can easily understand their rights and obligations. Organizations should create personalized technology systems that create a demand adaptation of ICT at every level of the organizational operations
Diuretic Activity of Indian Medicinal Plant: A Review
Authors: Arif S. Shekh , Sushilkumar A. Shinde , Ravindra H Kale , Kailash R. Biyani
Published: April 2021

Diuretics are commonly defined as drugs that increase the amount of urine produced by kidney. A precise definition is that diuretics are the agent which augment the renal excretion of sodium and either chloride or bicarbonate primarily, and water excretion secondarily. The term “saluretic” is sometime used to describe a drug that increase the renal excretion of sodium and chloride ion Diuretics are responsible for increase the rate of urine flow, sodium excretion and to maintain the volume and composition of body fluids in a various clinical Disorders. But drug-induced diuresis is very much beneficial in such type of life-threatening disorders like CHF, hypertension, renal failure, Liver cirrhosis and often pregnancy toxaemia.[1]
Diuretics relieve pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema. This decreases cardiac workload, oxygen demand and plasma volume, thus decreasing blood pressure. Thus, diuretics play an important role in hypertensive patients.[2] Plant medicine is commonly used in the traditional treatment of some renal diseases, and many plants are reported to possess significant diuretic activity. The diuretic activity of a number of plants used in ethno medicine as diuretic agents has been confirmed in experimental animal. [3]The progress of a polyherbal formulation is a tough job because of the large number of different chemical compounds present in the different medicinal plants.
India’s Trade Relationship with Germany After Liberalisation
Authors: Shinde Mr. Shashikant Bharat
Published: April 2021

The article looks at the potential for trade change between India and Germany and explores possible improvement after liberalization for each economy. India is the largest cooperation partner in Germany and provides the basis for various forms of cooperation. This article identifies the trend of trade flows in a perfectly competitive world between the two countries' economies. This study includes cross-border German and Indian industries to obtain insight into the ease of doing business in a foreign country. This study discusses the flow of trade after liberalization between India and Germany. As this can be shown, both India & Germany create an array of possibilities that remain uncharted for each other. In building upon their partnership, there is great mutuality of benefit. To study the tone for these deliberations, this study was performed. Its goal is not only to highlight the attractiveness of both countries for investment and business through different avenues but also to lay the foundations for long-term affiliation between these two vibrant or promising economies. This also shows the assist in the development of bilateral relations between India and Germany in various fields, and hence, Establishing a laissez-faire economy in harmony with the new global economic order.
Reliability of a Bahasa Melayu language version of the MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) in patients with low vision
Authors: Omar Rokiah , Idris Siti Salwa , Majumder Chiranjib , Meng Chung Kah , Saat Nur Zakiah Mohd , Isa Zaleha Md , Knight Victor Feizal
Published: April 2021

Background: The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Bahasa Melayu language version is widely used to determine the health outcomes in Malaysia. Low vision is a condition where vision cannot be restored and vision rehabilitation is required to overcome the challenges it imposes. The SF-36 Bahasa Melayu language version can be used to measure the health outcomes among low-vision patients. However, little information is available among low-vision patients. This study aimed to assess the reliability of the SF-36 Bahasa Melayu language version among low-vision patients.

Methods: Fifty low-vision patients aged 14 to 74 years (mean ± standard deviation: 44.58 ± 18.70 years) were randomly selected. All low-vision patients were interviewed twice by the same interviewer with a 2-weeks interval.

Results: The SF-36 Bahasa Melayu language version showed acceptable and good Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.68, 0.67, 0.76, 0.72, 0.73, 0.75, 0.72, 0.73 for physical function, role-physical, body pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotion, and mental health, respectively, in the first interview. The second interview also revealed similar Cronbach’s alpha values. The SF-36 Bahasa Melayu language version also showed a good repeatability between the first interview and the second interview, with Pearson’s correlation coefficients ranging from 0.6 to 0.9.

Conclusions: From this study, it can be concluded that the SF-36 Bahasa Melayu language version is reliable and repeatable. It is a useful tool to measure health outcomes among Malaysian low-vision patients. However, a future study of low-vision patients from the rural population and age groups representing the youth, working adults, and older individuals is necessary to obtain better outcomes of SF-36 in Bahasa Melayu language-based information on the health status of low-vision patients.
Changes in anterior segment parameters of normal subjects during accommodation using a Scheimpflug imaging system
Authors: Jitendra Yadav , Kumar De Tapas , Kumar Sah Sanjay , Das Anyam Sandip
Published: April 2021

Background: Accommodation changes ocular parameters, such as the anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and pupil diameter (PD), which can reflect a risk of angle-closure glaucoma. Previous studies of changes in ocular anterior segment parameters, have used high diopters or maximum amplitude. Here, we focused on normal accommodation at a reading distance of 30‒40 cm. The aim of this study was to assess changes in anterior segment parameters during a normal accommodative state, using a Scheimpflug imaging system.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 emmetrope subjects (mean ± SD of age: 22 ± 4.0 years) who met the inclusion criteria and provided informed consent were enrolled. Clinical history, refraction, amplitude of accommodation, slit lamp examination, Goldman applanation tonometry, and Pentacam investigations were performed on all subjects. Accommodative and non-accommodative targets were induced via the Pentacam. Two seconds were allowed for accommodation or relaxation prior to measurements in each eye.

Results: Eighty normal eyes were evaluated; a small but statistically significant change in ACV, ACA, and PD during accommodation (P < 0.01, < 0.01, and < 0.05, respectively) was observed. The ACD did not change substantially with accommodation (P = 0.29). The mean ± SD values of ACV, ACD, ACA, and PD before and after accommodation were 151.85 ± 24.04 mm3 and 145.38 ± 23.30 mm3, 2.87 ± 0.28 mm and 2.86 ± 0.27 mm, 35.06° ± 3.68° and 33.84° ± 3.72°, and 3.46 ± 0.57 mm and 3.41 ± 0.53 mm, respectively.

Conclusions: Accommodation changes ocular parameters, such as ACV, ACA, and PD, in healthy young emmetropes. Interestingly, the ACD remains unaltered during accommodation. Nevertheless, although these changes were statistically significant, they were not clinically significant in our study.
Blue light-induced retinal damage: a brief review and a proposal for examining the hypothetical causal link between person digital device use and retinal injury
Authors: Kozlowski Michael R.
Published: April 2021

Background: There is growing concern that the increased use of personal digital devices, which emit a high proportion of their light in the blue wavelengths, may have harmful effects on the retina. Extensive historical as well as current research demonstrates that exposure to high energy visible light (blue light) can damage the retina under certain circumstances. There are, however, no studies that directly address whether blue light at the intensities emitted by digital devices can potentially cause such harm. The present review aimed to examine whether blue light exposure from computers, tablets, and cell phones can, when used habitually over a prolonged period of time, be harmful to the retinal.

Methods: A search of the literature on blue light-induced retinal damage was performed using a number of scientific search engines, including BioOne Complete™, Google Scholar™, Paperity™, PubMed™, and ScienceOpen™. Studies most significant for addressing the question of possible harmful effects of blue light emitted by personal digital devices were selected from this search and reviewed.

Results: The data from the selected studies were summarized and their limitations in addressing the question of whether the blue light from personal digital devices is capable of producing retinal damage were addressed. Based on these limitations, a practical experimental protocol for collecting the additional data needed was proposed. Data from pilot experiments are presented that indicate the practicality of this approach.

Conclusions: The currently available data on the effects of blue light on the retina are not sufficient to refute the hypothesis that the use of personal digital devices could, over a lifetime, produce retinal damage. Additional studies, such as those proposed in this article, are needed to resolve this issue.
INSTALLATION AND ME TION AND METHODOLOGY FOR DE OGY FOR DETERMINING OF TERMINING OF ANTIFRICTIONAL PROPER AL PROPERTIES OF AN TIES OF ANTISTATIC-HEA TIC-HEATCONDUCTING COMPOSI TING COMPOSITE POLYMERIC M YMERIC MATERIALS INTERACTING WI TING WITH FIBROUS M TH FIBROUS MASS (CO ASS (COTTON-RAW)
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Negmatov S , Abed N , Gulyamov G , Eshkabilov Q
Published: April 2021

The paper Presents a disk tribometer installation and allows to determine the antifriction properties of machine-building composite antistatic-heat-conducting polymer materials working in interaction with the fibrous mass (raw cotton). A method for determining the friction force, temperature and electrostatic charge values arising in the friction zone is developed. The friction of the fibrous material is carried out on the flat surface of the rotating disk sample from the material under study at specified clamping pressures and sliding speeds. Values of friction forces, temperatures and values of electrostatic charges of the tested sample in a zone of friction with cotton-raw are measured by means of sensors.
Computer Science in Transcaucasia and Baltic States: a Comparative Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Sargsyan Shushanik , Gzoyan Edita
Published: April 2021

Based on the Web of Science, InCites database, this article will analyze the publication output of the Transcaucasia and Baltic states in computer science research field, their citations, as well as international collaboration in the field of computer science. The obtained results demonstrate that publications on computer science from the Baltic states are nearly 4 times higher than publications from Transcaucasia. Among the Baltic states, Lithuania holds a primary position followed by Estonia and Latvia; while in the Transcaucasia, the leading position is held by Azerbaijan, and followed by Armenia and Georgia. The same picture can be seen in the case of citations on the works on computer science of the studied states. In the international collaboration framework, the European states are the most frequent collaboration countries of the Baltic States. The same tendency can be seen in the case of Georgia and Armenia, while Azerbaijan shows a dramatically different vector of scientific internationalization.
Information - Theoretic Methods for Anomaly Detection
Authors: Haroutunian Mariam , Badasyan Tigran
Published: April 2021

Maintaining the security of digital systems with a huge amount of data is one of the main concerns of IT specialists in these times. Anomaly detection in systems is one of the solutions to overcome this challenge. Anomaly detection means ¯nding patterns that are not normal or deviate from normal behavior in a system. Anomaly detection has various applications in bio-informatics, image processing, cyber security, security for databases, etc. There are many groups of methods that are used for anomaly detection including statistical methods, neural network methods and information theoretic methods. In this paper we survey pros and cons of anomaly detection based on information theoretic techniques
Rumor Spreading and Invasion Percolation
Authors: Poghosyan Suren , Poghosyan Vahagn
Published: April 2021

We study the models of rumor spreading and invasion bond percolation aimed at the revelation of possible connections between them. Rumor spreading model describes the dissemination of a rumor due to the periodical repetition of sequential phone calls, whereas the invasion bond percolation refers to the spread of liquid in the porous environment. During a round of the rumor spreading, each node performs a call only once, meanwhile transmitting all the information that it knows at the moment of the call to its neighbors. The rumor reaches the receiver node during one round if there is a chain of successive calls between the source of the rumor and that node. The sequence of calls is taken uniformly at random from the set of all possible sequences (permutations of nodes). We compare the propagation of the rumor spreading with the invasion bond percolation in order to put forth necessary improvements of the percolation rules to map one model onto another, and vice versa
Notes on Monotone Recognition in Multi-Valued Grids
Authors: Aslanyan Levon , Sahakyan Hasmik
Published: April 2021

A novel method of monotone recognition based on the partitioning of the grid into discrete structures isomorphic to binary cubes (called “cube-split” technique) was proposed in our recent work, and a theoretical level description of two algorithms /algorithmic schemes/ solving this problem was also introduced. This paper provides implementation details of those algorithms, as well as focuses on the recognition of monotone binary functions with a small number of units
No-Reference Quality Assessment of an Image Resizing Algorithms
Authors: Asatryan David
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a No-Reference method is proposed for quality assessment of an image resizing methods based on interpolation algorithms. Quality refers to the image blur. To this end, it is proposed to use a previously developed measure based on a statistical assessment of the Weibull distribution shape parameter, adopted as a model for gradient magnitude of an image. The results of numerical experiments are presented that allow us to evaluate and compare the quality of various image resizing algorithms.
Identity Infrastructure Boost Concept for eduroam Service
Authors: Petrosyan Arthur , Petrosyan Gurgen , Tadevosyan Robert , Arsalanian Kevork
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the concept of authenticating eduroam users via their organization's IMAP server. The concept described is based on the fact that most organizations, even lacking their own personnel identity database, have at least an email service in place and, thus, have a working IMAP server for their organization domain name. Thus, the existing email username/password within a particular organization can be used as an identity source for eduroam authentication. The paper describes the components required to implement the concept, as well as some expected limitations for this solution. The concept is planned to be implemented in ASNET-AM network in order to stimulate more rapid use of eduroam service in Armenia
On the Numbers of Minimal Tautologies and Properties of Their Proofs in Classical and Nonclassical Logic
Authors: Ambartsumyan Arsen , Gasparyan Hayk , Hovhannisyan Sarkis , Chubaryan Anahit
Published: April 2021

It is proved in this paper that the number of minimal tautologies for any given logic tautology of size п can be an exponential function in п, and it is also proved that for every tautology of the given logic there is some minimal tautology such that the number of its sequential form proof steps is equal to minimal steps in the proof of sequential form for the given tautology in cut-free sequent systems for classical, intuitionistic, Joganssons and monotone logics.
Investigation of Monotonous Properties for Frege Systems
Authors: Hambardzumyan Arsen
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we investigate the relations between the Frege proof lines of minimal tautologies and the results of substitutions in them. We show that there is a sequence of tautologies ψn, each of which has a unique minimal tautology ϕn, such that for every n the Frege proof lines of ϕn are an order more than the Frege proof lines for ψn.
A Solution for Preventing the Rogue Certificate Attack
Authors: Abrahamyan Sergey , Zakaryan Arman
Published: April 2021

In today’s online world, internet security heavily relies on the trust in Certificate Authorities. Modern browsers and operating systems provide a comprehensive list to their users, which includes all the CAs they trust by default. This could turn into a serious problem when even one of the CAs is compromised and/or goes rogue. It is especially relevant for enterprise applications, as they are more likely to be targeted for this kind of attack. In this paper, we propose a solution which can mitigate this kind of attack against large organizations. We also discuss the security of the proposed method, offering acceptable security/performance tradeoff.
A Neyman-Pearson Proper Way to Universal Testing of Multiple Hypotheses Formed by Groups of Distributions
Authors: Haroutunian Evgueni , Yesayan Aram
Published: April 2021

The asymptotically optimal Neyman-Pearson procedures of detection for models characterized by M discrete probability distributions arranged into K, 2 ≤ K ≤ M groups considered as hypotheses are investigated. The sequence of tests based on a growing number of observations is logarithmically asymptotically optimal (LAO) when a certain part of the given error probability exponents (reliabilities) provides positives values for all other reliabilities. LAO tests sequences for some models of objects, including cases, when rejection of decision may be permitted, and when part, or all given error probabilities decrease subexponentially with an increase in the of number of experiments, are desined. For all reliabilities of such tests single-letter characterizations are obtained. A simple case with three distributions and two hypotheses is considered.
A Built-in Self-Test System for External DRAM
Authors: Abgaryan Gor
Published: April 2021

In the fast-growing Integrated Circuits (IC) industry, memory is one of the few keys to have systems with improved and fast performance. Only one transistor and a capacitor are required for Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM) bit. It is widely used for mass storage. Although the high-efficiency tests are performed to provide the reliability of the memories, maintaining acceptable yield and quality is still the most critical task. To perform a high-speed effective test of DRAM memories, a built-in self-test (BIST) mechanism is proposed.
Fuzzy String Matching Using a Prefix Table
Authors: Kostanyan Armen
Published: April 2021

The string matching problem (that is, the problem of finding all occurrences of a pattern in the text) is one of the well-known problems in symbolic computations with applications in many areas of artificial intelligence. The most famous algorithms for solving it are the finite state machine method and the Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm (KMP). In this paper, we consider the problem of finding all occurrences of a fuzzy pattern in the text. Such a pattern is defined as a sequence of fuzzy properties of text characters. To construct a solution to this problem, we introduce a two-dimensional prefix table, which is a generalization of the one-dimensional prefix array used in the KMP algorithm.
Automated Linescan Analysis for CMP Modeling
Authors: Ghulghazaryan Ruben , Piliposyan Davit , Alaverdyan Suren
Published: April 2021

Many of the process steps used in semiconductor chip manufacturing require planar (smooth) surfaces on the wafer to ensure correct pattern printing and generation of multilevel interconnections in the chips during manufacturing. Chemical-mechanical polishing/planarization (CMP) is the primary process used to achieve these surface planarity requirements. Modeling of CMP processes allows users to detect and fix large surface planarity variations (hotspots) in the layout prior to manufacturing. Fixing hotspots before tape-out may significantly reduce turnaround time and the cost of manufacturing. Creating an accurate CMP model that takes into account complicated chemical and mechanical polishing mechanisms is challenging. Measured data analysis and extraction of erosion and dishing data from profile linescans from test chips are important steps in CMP model building. Measured linescans are often tilted and noisy, which makes the extraction of erosion and dishing data more difficult. The development and implementation of algorithms used to perform automated linescan analysis may significantly reduce CMP model building time and improve the accuracy of the models. In this work, an automated linescan analysis (ALSA) tool is presented that performs automated linescan delineation, test pattern separation, and automatic extraction of erosion and dishing values from linescan data.
Vehicle Components Defect Detection via Machine Vision
Authors: Petrosyan Armen
Published: April 2021

The task of quality control and automatic defect detection on production lines is one of the most important tasks of machine vision and digital image processing (DIP). This article provides one example of solving such a problem using various DIP algorithms.
DISINFECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON THE BASIS OF ULTRAVIOLET LEDS IN THE CONVENTION
OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: HOVOROV Pylyp , ROMANOVA Tetyana , KINDINOVA Anastasiia
Published: April 2021

ENERGY
ЦУКРОВИЙ ДІАБЕТ – НЕІНФЕКЦІЙНА ЕПІДЕМІЯ ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ
Authors: ЗАРЕМБА Віталій , ФЕДЧИШИН Назар
Published: April 2021

Medicine
ПОЧЕРГОВЕ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ В-БЛОКАТОРІВ З АНТАГОНІСТАМИ КАЛЬЦІЄВИХ КАНАЛІВ ПОЄДНАНИХ З
ІНГІБІТОРАМИ АПФ ПРИ ВАЖКОМУ ПЕРЕБІГУ АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЇ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЇ
Authors: ЗАРЕМБА Євгенія , ВІРНА Маріанна , ЗАРЕМБА-ФЕДЧИШИН Олена , РАК Наталія , ЗАРЕМБА Ольга
Published: April 2021

MEDICINE
ФАРМАКОГНОСТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТРАВИ КАННИ САДОВОЇ ТА РОЗРОБКА КАРДІОПРОТЕКТОРНОГО
ЛІКАРСЬКОГО ЗАСОБУ НА ЇЇ ОСНОВІ
Authors: КИСЛИЧЕНКО Вікторія , ЖУРАВЕЛЬ Ірина , ПРОЦЬКА Вікторія , КИСЛИЧЕНКО Олександра
Published: April 2021

Chemical and biological sciences
EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVATION OF CENTRAL CHOLINERGIC SYSTEMS IN SIMULATED TRAUMATIC BRAIN
INJURY
Authors: ZIABLITSEV Sergey , KHUDOLEY Sergey
Published: April 2021

MEDICINE
УМОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНШОМОВНОЇ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ У МАЙБУТНІХ ВЧИТЕЛІВ
ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ
Authors: ПАХОМОВА Тетяна , ВАСІЛЬЄВА Поліна
Published: April 2021

PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
РОЗРОБКА МОНОГРАФІЙ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ФАРМАКОПЕЇ УКРАЇНИ НА ЛІКАРСЬКУ РОСЛИННУ СИРОВИНУ ТА
ЛІКАРСЬКІ РОСЛИННІ ЗАСОБИ
Authors: КИСЛИЧЕНКО Вікторія , ЖУРАВЕЛЬ Ірина , КИСЛИЧЕНКО Олександра , КУЗНЄЦОВА Вікторія
Published: April 2021

CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
REGULATORY SUPPORT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IN THE LAND USE SYSTEM
Authors: MAMONOV Kostiantyn , FROLOV Vyacheslav , KONDRATYUK Ivan
Published: April 2021

PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL & MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
LEGAL RESTRICTIONS IN THE ACTIVITY OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF UKRAINE
Authors: KOBAN Olga
Published: April 2021

POLITICAL AND LEGAL SCIENCES
МІСЦЕ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ЗЕЛЕНОГО ТУРИЗМУ В СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: ЧЕРЕП Олександр , КРУГЛА Софія
Published: April 2021

ECONOMIC SCIENCES
EXAMINATION OF 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE NUCLEUS. AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE SEARCH FOR
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Authors: KAPLAUSHENKO Andrii , SAMELIUK Yurii , FROLOVA Yulia , IHNATOVA Tetyana
Published: April 2021

Chemical and biological sciences
ШЛЯХИ І ЕТАПИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ПРАЦЕЗДАТНОСТІ МЕНЕДЖЕРА
Authors: МИХАЛЮК Наталія , БАЛАШ Ліля , ЛИСЮК Ольга , ГРИНИШИН Галина
Published: April 2021

ECONOMIC SCIENCES
IDENTIFICATION OF THE FACTORS OF INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF
CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES ON THE FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STAKEHOLDER
RELATIONS
Authors: GRYTSKOV Evgen , ZUBAREV Dmitriy
Published: April 2021

ECONOMIC SCIENCES
ОСНОВНІ МЕТОДИ НЕЙТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ ФІНАНСОВИХ РИЗИКІВ
Authors: МАРУТЯК Галина , ТОМАШІВСЬКА МАРУТЯК , КЛЕБАН Оксана
Published: April 2021

ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Preparation and standardization of Human papillomavirus (HPV) (Genotype 6) Nosode
Authors: Shah Rajesh
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION

The Homeopathy nosodes are the preparations sourced from organisms and diseased material such as warts and other cancerous tissues. The nosodes such as Psorinum (1826-30), Tuberculinum (1879), Medorrhinum (1880-85), Syphillinum (1880) and others have been in use in homeopathy practice since early 19th century. In the recent years, certain new nosodes such as HIV nosode, Hepatitis C nosode, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis nosode, Plasmodia Falciparum Nosode, Swine Flu and more have been systematically introduced.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The scrapping and the tissues from the genital warts clusters were collected carefully and were tested for the evaluation of STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) panel and HPV-DNA-PCR for screening high risk type followed by genotype determination. The collected tissue sample was processed as per the procedure defined developing the Nosodes, in the Homeopathy Pharmacopoeia of India. Sterility testing and PCR tests were carried out for safety purpose.

RESULT

Human papillomavirus (HPV Genotype 6) Nosode sourced from the genital wart tissues; detected positive for Human papillomavirus genotype 6 was prepared and standardized for future research and clinical exploration.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

The HPV (Genotype 6) nosode contained the whole organisms in pure form. The therapeutic potential of HPV (Genotype 6) Nosode may be explored against viral warts affecting the genitals, anus, mouth, and respiratory tract.