bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Registrador universal de alta tensión para los laboratorios de ensayo
Authors: Khamlichi Abderrahim , Garnacho Fernando , Rovira Jorge , Simón Pascual
Published: December 2021

Tradicionalmente los laboratorios de alta tensión (AT) han precisado diferentes instrumentos de medida para medir las tensiones alternas 50/60 Hz (AC), mediante voltímetros de cresta, impulsos de tensión tipo rayo, mediante medidores de tensiones de cresta y osciloscopios y la carga aparente, mediante instrumentos de medida de descargas parciales (DP). Todos ellos con requisitos técnicos muy diferentes recogidos en normas aplicables al hardware y software (normas de la serie IEC 61083 [1] y norma IEC 60270 [2]). Sin embargo, la evolución tecnológica de los instrumentos de medida ha permitido que estas medidas se puedan y deban realizarse a través de registradores digitales A/D de altas prestaciones. En este artículo se describe el nuevo sistema de medida desarrollado por el LCOE “Registrador Universal de Alta Tensión”, denominado como “RUAT”, capaz de ser utilizado para las cinco medidas típicas de alta tensión en un laboratorio: AC, DC, impulso tipo rayo (1,2/50 µs), impulso tipo maniobra 250/2500 µs) y DP.
Challenges of Storage in Large Power Systems
Authors: Gómez-Ramírez Gustavo A. , Meza Carlos
Published: December 2021

Fossil fuel-based electric generation is a contributor to air pollution in the world. In this regard, storage provides a viable specially if it is combined with solar energy and wind generation. Storage also represents a major challenge for the traditional criteria for planning the power system, which its generated with hydro and non-renewable generation as Central America case. This article reviews literature in loadability, frequency regulation and control, stability, economic issues, reliability, harmonics and power quality and resilience applied to power systems. It presents a simulation using ETAP to analyze voltage profiles considering storage for El Salvador Power System (ESPS). The result shows a significant contribution in to enhance the voltage profiles and voltage regulation after failed. Opportunities also arise when storage is considered as potential ancillary service providers that can help to stabilize the grid under faulty situation or to mitigate the power generation variability of non-traditional renewable power sources such as wind and solar energy in Central America Power System. The present paper provides an overview of the major challenges of storage to large power systems.
Uso de tecnologías disruptivas con BIM (Building Information Modelling)
Authors: Morales-Conejo Leonardo
Published: December 2021

El BIM (Buiding Information Modelling) es un método de trabajo cuya función es gestionar la información de un proyecto o activo por medio de una interface gráfica y documental. Este artículo se enfoca en hacer un repaso de algunas de las tecnologías disruptivas como IoT, Big Data, Realidad Aumentada, Realidad Virtual y Blockchain pueden complementase con el uso del BIM con el fin de crear herramientas más poderosas y que permitan tener funcionalidades más dinámicas para el usuario final. Para tal fin, se ha investigado principalmente varias tesis de grado, artículos y publicación referentes al tema. Durante el desarrollo de este artículo se pudo observar como la combinación entre el método de trabajo BIM junto con el IoT nos permite la creación de gemelos digitales, la aplicación del Big Data nos ayuda a administrar la información de diferentes fuentes y finalmente como la realidad aumentada junto con la realidad virtual, nos lleva a observar cómo quedarán las obras construidas antes de que se haya iniciado el proceso de ejecución de la construcción. Si el uso de cada una de estas tecnologías nos brinda habilidades de gestión y manejo de información antes no sospechadas, con la combinación de las mismas nos lanzan a una nueva dimensión en el uso de los datos.
Metodología para la evaluación de la condición de cambiadores de derivaciones bajo carga según su índice de salud
Authors: Cañar-Ramirez Edgar Herney , Aponte-Mayor Guillermo , Cerón-Piamba Andrés Felipe
Published: December 2021

En este trabajo se presenta una metodología para evaluar el cambiador de derivaciones bajo carga OLTC según su índice de salud, construida a partir del principio de funcionamiento y las características generales de este equipo. Dado que las intervenciones en estos equipos tradicionalmente han dependido de los historiales de mantenimiento y de fabricantes, con esta metodología se busca migrar al mantenimiento basado en la condición del equipo, optimizando las inversiones financieras y de personal, generando mayor confiabilidad en el sistema y obteniendo una mejor gestión de los activos. Para ello, inicialmente se identificaron los modos de falla que pueden presentarse, seleccionando así las pruebas que más aportan para un diagnóstico del OLTC, posteriormente se realizó el desarrollo de la metodología combinando de manera ponderada las pruebas y finalmente se integró esta metodología a la herramienta de estimación del índice de Salud de transformadores desarrollada por el Grupo de investigación en alta tensión de la Universidad del Valle GRALTA. La metodología desarrollada se validó con un caso de estudio.
Avaliação de técnicas de inteligência artificial na classificação de descargas parciais
Authors: Silva Allan D. C. , Carvalho Itaiara F. , Nobrega Luiz A. M. M. , Xavier George V. R. , Da Costa Edson G.
Published: December 2021

A detecção de sinais de Descargas Parciais (DP) na faixa da Ultra Alta Frequência (UHF) permite identificar e classificar, de forma minimamente invasiva, defeitos em equipamentos de alta tensão, bem como estimar o grau de urgência da realização de manutenções preventivas. Neste artigo, técnicas de machine learning foram utilizadas para realizar o reconhecimento automático dos padrões obtidos a partir de envoltórias de sinais UHF de DP.  Para tanto, foi elaborado um arranjo experimental para emular diferentes fontes de DP: uma cuba de óleo com eletrodos ponta-plano, a barra de um hidrogerador e um transformador de potencial. A partir dos sinais obtidos nesse arranjo, geraram-se envoltórias, a partir das quais foi realizada a extração de uma série de atributos no domínio do tempo, tais como: curtose, amplitude máxima e tempo de subida. Em seguida, realizou-se a seleção dos atributos por meio de uma associação de algoritmos, dentre eles o k-means, de forma a reduzir a dimensionalidade dos dados para aumentar a eficiência do algoritmo classificador. Por fim, fez-se a classificação dos sinais de DP a partir de uma rede neural artificial, decision tree e random forest. Os resultados mostraram que os atributos extraídos das envoltórias foram efetivos na classificação dos sinais de DP, com valores de acurácia média superiores a 95% quando foi utilizado o banco de dados otimizado.
benefício da dor
Authors: Godoi Rafael , Silva Matosinhos Isabella
Published: December 2021

O artigo explora o processo de desenvolvimento e aplicação da injunção da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos que estabeleceu o cômputo diferenciado da pena para os sentenciados que habitem e passem pelo Instituto Penal Plácido de Sá Carvalho, no Rio de Janeiro. Conforme as determinações desse tribunal, em função das deteriorantes condições de confinamento que prevalecem nessa particular unidade, cada dia de pena ali cumprida haverá de valer por dois. É central neste trabalho a hipótese de que essa situação absolutamente excepcional pode revelar sentidos profundos e implícitos que a pena e o cárcere assumem em nosso contexto. Subsidiariamente, espera-se ainda que a presente análise possa fornecer elementos para o aprimoramento das políticas de desencarceramento, bem como de prevenção e combate à tortura.
CEREBROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF A NEW HYD RAZIDE DERIVATIVE OF 2 - PYRROLIDONE UNDER CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL CHRONIC CEREBROVASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Kurkin D. V , Bakulin D. A , Verholyak D. V , Kovalev N. S , Abrosimova E. E , Dubrovina M. A , Ostroglyad E. S
Published: December 2021

The effect of a new hydrazide derivative of 2-pyrrolidone on neuropsychiatrie deficiency in animals with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency after course administration was studied. The pathology was modeled by narrowing the lumen of the common carotid arteries to 50 %. The test substances began to be administered from the 40th day and continued for 14 days. The effectiveness of therapy was assessed by the severity of motor, coordination and sensory-motor disorders in animals, which were respectively determined in the tests: Open Field, Rotarod and Adhesive. Stenosis of the common carotid arteries was accompanied by impaired coordination and sensory-motor function. A new derivative of alpha-pyrrolidone improved coordination and sensory function in experimental animals. Cerebroprotective activity of the new derivative of 2-pyrrolidone was comparable to the reference drugs phenotropil and citicoline
INFLUENCE OF SPELEOCLIMATOTHERAPY ON BACKGROUND EEG ACTIVITY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN
Authors: Semiletova V. A , Dorokhov E. V , Nechaeva M. S
Published: December 2021

It was revealed that in a state of functional rest with open and closed eyes in patients after exposure to electronegative air ions, the voltage in the central nervous system decreased. At the same time, the amplitude of theta rhythm with the state of «open eyes» tended to decrease both on the right and on the left in the parietal, temporal (T5 and T6), frontal (F8, F7) leads, but in leads T3 and T4, F3 and F4 - to increase; and in the central and occipital areas, the dynamics of the theta rhythm amplitude was multidirectional. The amplitude of theta rhythm with the «closed eyes» state had interhemispheric differences - a tendency to increase in leads O1, P3, C3, F3, T3. The amplitude of the alpha rhythm in the «open eyes» state increased both on the right and on the left in all the studied leads. The amplitude of the alpha rhythm with the «closed eyes» state had a tendency to increase in all the studied leads. The amplitude of the beta rhythm with the state of «open eyes» tended to increase in the occipital and temporal (T3, T4) areas; in the parietal leads P3 and P4 - had a tendency to decrease; and practically did not change in the central and frontal areas. The amplitude of the beta rhythm with the «closed eyes» state had a tendency to increase in almost all leads. Such changes could reflect effective rest, the readiness of patients for vigorous activity, testify to the restoration of the efficiency and mental activity of the brain. It could also be associated with a decrease in tension in the regulatory systems under the influence of a session of speleotherapy, with simultaneous active mental activity, analysis of the situation and decision-making.
MALAR A IN CHILDREN IN THE ASTRAKHAN REGION: THE STATE OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: Arakelyan R. S , Bogdanyants M. V , Shendo G. L , Hasanova E. D , Krasiy K. A , Krasilova A. V , Chanpalova L. S , Tveritinov E. B , Korolkova V. S
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study. To study and analyze the epidemiological situation of malaria in children in the Astrakhan region for 1996-2020. Materials and methods. Epidemiological maps of individuals malaria cases (n'164 epidcards), reporting forms of FBHI «Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Astrakhan Region» (form 2) for 1998-2020 (25 documents), the journal of the population survey on malaria (18 journals), as well as microreparates with malaria «fat» and «thin ointment» (82 drugs). Results of the study. The largest number of cases of malaria were reported in 1999 and 2000. In these years, cases of three-day malaria were recorded, except in 2000, when in 1 case four-day malaria was recorded. In the previous 2008 and other years, only three-day malaria cases were reported. Most often, malaria was registered in children aged 2, 13 and 15 years. Thus, in children aged 2 and 15 years, malaria was registered in 12,2 % (5 people each), and at the age of 13 years - in 17,1 % (7 people). In children of other ages, cases of malaria were recorded in isolated cases. In most cases, imported cases of malaria were recorded -90,2 % (37 people). The import of malaria to the Astrakhan region was mainly carried out from Azerbaijan - 86,5 % (32 people), also from Tajikistan - 8,1 % (3 people), Armenia and Uzbekistan - 2,7 % each (1 person). In all cases, only three-day malaria was recorded. The clinical diagnosis of «Malaria» was made on the basis of a laboratory blood test - the preparations «thick» drop and «thin» smear and confirmed by employees of the Laboratory of Bacteriological and parasitological studies of the Federal Budgetary Healthcare Institution «Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Astrakhan region». Conclusions. In recent years, the Astrakhan region has seen a decrease in the number of cases of imported malaria not only among children, but also among the adult population. Malaria was imported to the Astrakhan region mainly from Azerbaijan. Cases of malaria in children were reported most often from April to July, when the optimal temperature for malaria transmission is maintained in malaria-endemic countries. Detection of a case of malaria in a child in March 2008 indicates a long incubation of P. vivax (+24-25 °C for 10-11 days) in the fall of 2007.
CLINICAL CASES OF DELAYED GROWTH IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OF THE ASTRAKHAN REGION
Authors: Otto N. Yu , Bezrukova D. A , Dzhumagaziev A. A , Bogdanyants M. V , Petrova N. V
Published: December 2021

The article describes clinical examples of growth retardation in children and adolescents of various origins, taken from the case histories of patients who were examined in the endocrinology department of the Regional Children's Clinical Hospital in the city of Astrakhan from 1994 to 2017. These clinical cases are a striking example of the variety of causes of growth retardation in children. It is necessary to direct pediatricians and other specialists to an earlier start of examination of children with short stature, since not only the prognosis of the patient's final growth, but also the patient's life, may depend on timely differential diagnosis and the correctly chosen therapeutic tactics.
STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF THE SARS-COV-2 CORONAVIRUS: ROLE, IMMUNOGENICITY, SUPERANTIGENIC PROPERTIES AND POTENTIAL USE FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES
Authors: Bruyakin S. D , Makarevich D. A
Published: December 2021

In early December 2019, the first cases of pneumonia of unknown origin were detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. High throughput sequencing has identified a novel beta coronavirus, currently called the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Hyperinflammation in coronavirus infection (COVID-19) cause cytopenia, coagulopathy, tissue damage, liver dysfunction and macrophage activation, and also has signs of reactive hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Overproduction of inflammatory cytokines can cause organ dysfunction and ultimately death. These symptoms and associated laboratory parameters strongly resemble toxic shock syndrome, an increase in the cytotoxic adaptive immune response, when pathogenic superantigens bind to MHCII molecules and T-cell receptors (TCR). The article examines structural proteins of the coronavirus, which are involved in the development of such a response of the human immune system, discloses the molecular organization and antigenic properties of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The role of structural molecules in the pathogenesis of coronavirus infection, as well as the possibility of their use as components of vaccines and promising ligands for efferent methods of treating this pathology, is described.
Internet factors of professional differentiation
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Smirnova Anastsiya S.
Published: December 2021

Развитие и распространение современных технологий трансформирует рынок труда. Все больше рабочих процессов выполняются онлайн, появляются дистанционные формы занятости. Рабочие места оснащаются современным оборудованием, в связи с чем меняются и необходимые профессиональные компетенции, которые теперь включают в себя и цифровые навыки. При этом часть занятого населения получает новые преимущества (возможность гибкого графика, работы из дома, высокий уровень цифровых компетенций является конкурентным преимуществом), в то время как другая часть наблюдает негативные процессы цифровизации, такие как прекаризация занятости, автоматизация рабочих мест, сокращение заработных плат и др. Такое разделение групп занятых определяет цифровое неравенство, то есть неравные возможности различных групп населения, вызванные пользованием современными технологиями. В данной статье на базе данных 29-ой волны RLMS проводится сравнение групп занятого населения, пользующихся и не пользующихся интернетом в рабочих целях. Составлен профессиональный портрет групп пользователей и не-пользователей, оценены социальные преимущества, получаемые одной группой над другой.
Social mobility of IT specialists
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Epikhina Yulia B.
Published: December 2021

. В статье рассматривается роль технологий в развитии капитализма и социальной структуры современного общества. Следствием технологических изменений становится появление новых профессий, на рынке труда формируется запрос на владение новыми навыками, что, в свою очередь, сказывается на профессиональной структуре и увеличивает возможности для социальной мобильности. Связь технологического развития и структурных изменений нашла отражение в теории социальной мобильности и получила дополнительное подтверждение на данных Британского исследования 2013 г.: IT-профессии оказались более открытыми для мобильности, чем «традиционные» профессиональные группы. Приводятся результаты проверки связи показателей мобильности для новых и «традиционных» профессиональных групп на данных российских опросов.
Prévalence des fumonisines dans les aliments pour volaille en Algérie
Authors: Mohammedi Dahmane , Mohammedi Sarah , Kardjadj Moustafa
Published: December 2021

Les fumonisines sont des mycotoxines produites par le genre Fusarium, et plus particulièrement Fusarium verticillioides (anciennement appelé F. moniliforme) et F. proliferatum. Elles ont une large distribution et une grande importance économique et sanitaire. Les plus courantes sont la fumonisine B1 (FB1) et la fumonisine B2 (FB2). La FB1 est un puissant cancérogène chez les animaux de laboratoire et elle est suspectée d’être à l’origine du cancer de l’oesophage chez les humains. Les fumonisines sont également considérées comme altérant l’intégrité intestinale chez la volaille, engendrant de l’entérite nécrotique responsable de diarrhées et réduisant les performances zootechniques. Cet article présente la prévalence des FB1 et FB2 dans des aliments pour volaille prélevés dans plusieurs sites (wilayas) en Algérie. La méthode d’analyse LC/MS/MS a été utilisée pour déterminer les concentrations de fumonisines. Les FB1 et FB2 ont été retrouvées dans les 69 échantillons testés, dont 11,60 % avaient des concentrations inférieures à 400 μg/kg, 53,62 % des concentrations inférieures à 3000 μg/kg et 34,78 % des concentrations supérieures à 3000 μg/kg. C’est la première étude en Algérie montrant qu’il serait important de rechercher les fumonisines dans les aliments pour volaille et d’éviter d’utiliser ceux dont les teneurs dépasseraient les seuils considérés comme élevés. Il serait donc justifié d’établir des limites de fumonisines à ne pas dépasser dans l’aliment pour volaille. Lors de pertes de performances et de dysfonctionnement du système immunitaire, les vétérinaires devraient rechercher la présence éventuelle de fumonisines.
ARTICLE RÉTRACTÉ - Fièvre aphteuse chez les bovins et les petits ruminants en Algérie. Enquête séroépidémiologique dans la région de l’ouest
Authors: Bouziri Abdeldjalal , Sebai Ali , Kebir Ahmed , Khames Maamar , Hamdi Taha Moussadak , Khelef Djamel
Published: December 2021

Cet article a été rétracté le 12/04/2022.
La fièvre aphteuse (FA) est une maladie infectieuse d’origine virale qui affecte les ruminants et les porcins. Une enquête séroépidémiologique a été menée chez les ruminants de la région ouest de l’Algérie afin d’estimer la séroprévalence de la FA et de déterminer les facteurs de risque susceptibles de favoriser l’atteinte des animaux par cette pathologie. Au total 420 sérums ont été collectés (210 de bovins et 210 de petits ruminants) et soumis au test Elisa NSP permettant la détection des anticorps dirigés contre le virus de la FA induits par les protéines non structurales, puis à des tests Elisa détectant les protéines structurales spécifiques des sérotypes A, O, SAT 1, SAT 2 et Asia 1. Les résultats ont montré une différence non significative (p > 0,05) de la séroprévalence entre les espèces avec 23,8 % chez les bovins et 27,1 % chez les petits ruminants. Le sérotype O était présent dans 95,3 % des sérums positifs. Il était présent seul chez 64,9 % des petits ruminants alors que les bovins étaient généralement infectés par plusieurs sérotypes simultanément, avec l’association prédominante des quatre sérotypes A, O, SAT 1 et Asia 1, qui représentait 36 % des infections. Le taux de couverture vaccinale a atteint 48,7 % du cheptel (bovins et petits ruminants) âgé de plus de six mois. Aucun lien statistique n’a été mis en évidence entre le mode d’élevage (extensif, semi-intensif ou intensif) et l’atteinte par la FA (p > 0,05). En revanche, une association significative (p < 0,05) a été établie entre la vaccination des animaux et l’infection, les animaux vaccinés ayant été moins infectés par la FA.
Das Bamberger Kollegiatstift St. Gangolf im Mittelalter
Authors: Witowski Lisa
Published: December 2021

Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stehen die Aufarbeitung, Einordnung und Interpretation der zum überwiegenden Teil unedierten Quellen zur Geschichte des Bamberger Kollegiatstifts St. Gangolf. Die daraus resultierende Institutionengeschichte stellt die Organisationsstruktur und die Eigenarten des Stifts heraus und ordnete es in die Stadt- und Kirchenlandschaft Bambergs ein. Dabei zeigt sich eine kirchliche Einrichtung, die zwischen starker Orientierung am Vorbild des Bamberger Domstifts auf der einen Seite und der Identifizierung als Theuerstädter Stift rechts der Regnitz auf der anderen Seite schwankte. Während die anderen Bamberger Kirchen, wie das Domstift, das Kloster Michelsberg oder das Kollegiatstift St. Stephan, bereits eine Bearbeitung nach modernen Gesichtspunkten erfuhren, stand dies für das Kollegiatstift St. Gangolf bisher noch aus. The present volume provides the results of the reappraisal, classification and interpretation of commonly unedited sources about the history of the collegiate church Sanct Gangolf in Bamberg in the Middle Ages. They demonstrate the structure and peculiarities of the community and place it into context of city and church in Bamberg. So it manifests itself as an institution between a strong alignment towards the bishop‘s church of Bamberg on the one hand and an identification as collegiate community in the suburbian Theuerstadt on the other hand.
Quality Assurance (Qa) Dan Quality Control (Qc) Cobalt
Authors: Iramanda Dita Sofian
Published: December 2021

Cobalt-60 adalah instrumen radioterapi yang digunakan untuk mematikan sel tumor maupun kanker pada pasien. Untuk menjamin kualitas instrumen Cobalt, diperlukan QA (Quality Assurance) dan untuk membuktikan adanya jaminan kualitas perlu QC (Quality Control). Hal ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk memeriksa dan menguji data untuk menentukan standar dan mengecek kesesuaian produk mencapai operasi manufaktur yang maksimum atau ukuran yang diambil yaitu untuk menilai, merawat atau memperbaiki kualitas perlakuan yang diberikan. Program QA harus didasarkan pada penyelidikan menyeluruh untuk standar awal pada saat penerimaan dan commissioning peralatan untuk penggunaan klinis (AAPM, 1993a). International Electrotechnical Cornmission (IEC, 1989a, b), American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM, 1984,1993a), dan American College of Medical Physics (ACMP, 1986) menjelaskan prosedur dan kondisi untuk tes penerimaan. Salah satu rangkaian QA QC adalah kalibrasi meliputi kalibrasi harian, mingguan, bulanan dan tahunan. Kalibrasi harian, mingguan dan bulanan dilakukan oleh fisikawan medis dengan dibantu radiografer, sedangkan kalibrasi tahunan dilakukan oleh pihak BATAN.
Education Level of The Board of Directors and Financial Performance of Go Public Banks at The Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Madyan Muhammad , Setyowati Rayindha Galuh , Setiawan Wulan Rahmadani
Published: December 2021

Having experience, knowledge, and expertise in banking is important for the board of directors to properly manage its activities, which is indicated by their financial performance. This study investigates the effect of the formal education level of the board of directors on financial performance in terms of profitability. The sample used in this study was 31 banking companies, especially conventional commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2009-2018, with 244 observations. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) approach. In this study, the dependent variables used are Return On Assets (ROA) and Net Interest Margin (NIM). The independent variables used are the level of education of the board of directors divided into Master and Ph.D. This study indicates that the board of directors with the highest educational level of Masters and Ph.D has a significant positive effect on ROA. Meanwhile, the board of directors with the and education level of Masters has a significant negative effect, and the board of directors with the highest education level of Ph.D has a significant positive effect on NIM.
Exploring the Relationship Between Minority Music and Culture Based on the Historical Perspective
Authors: Wang Yanan
Published: December 2021

As an important way of expression for people to cultivate their emotions, the development process of music has certain similarity with culture, and the integration of music and culture and its further development and improvement is the key point that people must think about. For minority music, its types and materials have certain ethnicity, so we should start from minority music and integrate culture and music. Only in this way can we promote the further improvement of China's cultural soft power. This paper will focus on the relationship between minority music and culture in the historical perspective, so as to promote the integration and innovation of music and culture.
EFFICIENCY OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL IN HOTEL BUSINESS∗
Authors: Pulić Ante , Kolakovic Marko , Jelcic Karmen
Published: December 2021

The strategic goal of Croatia is ”to become a knowledge-based economy and society." However, many companies, which includes hotels as well, still do not have any idea of how to cope with the challenges imposed by knowledge economy in everyday business practice. Therefore, it is vital that managers receive education on that matter, so that they can understand in which way economy is changing and how this effects them, why intellectual capital is becoming a key factor of business success and what they can do in order to create value and not destroy under the new circumstances. The Croatian IC Center has developed the PIENIC program and worked on its implementation with over 60 companies, private and state owned, from different sectors and regions.
Risks of adverse vascular events associated with the use of combined oral contraceptives
Authors:   St. Petersburg Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Markin S.M. , Gitsuk Ya.V. ,   St. Petersburg Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Mordovin A.I. ,   St. Petersburg Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kudinova E.A. ,   St. Petersburg Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are now widely used. There are some doubts regarding adverse events while taking COCs due to conflicting research data, which requires detailed clarification of all risks and the incidence of adverse events. One of the most common complaints of patients taking COCs is the occurence of unaesthetic varicose veins of the lower extremities. However, no data to support this have been found in the literature. The authors describe the reversible effect of COCs on the venous wall tone and the formation of hormone-induced phlebopathy, which is safely stopped by original phlebotonics. Potentially significant adverse vascular events associated with the use of COCs include venous thromboembolic complications, which are directly proportional to the duration of drug administration and its composition. It is also noted that the use of COCs has no significant effect on the hemostatic system, which has some limitations in terms of laboratory control. Conclusion. СOCs have some effect on the venous wall, but the progression of chronic venous disorders tends to have another source. There are risks of thrombosis, but significantly lower than certain physiological conditions in women. Key words: hemostasis, adverse events, oral contraceptives, thrombosis, phlebopathy
Abnormal increase in extracellular fluid volume as a marker of preeclampsia in women without obesity
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Medical University, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation, Matveev I.M. , Trokhanova O.V. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation, Shchelykalina S.P. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Objective. To identify possible markers of preeclampsia in different types of arterial hypertension based on body composition analysis in pregnant women without obesity. Patients and methods. Body composition was studied in 140 non-obese women at 28-34 weeks' gestation, including 72 women with different types of arterial hypertension and 68 women with normal pregnancy, using the ABC-01 “MEDAS” moisture analyzer on the basis of State Budgetary Institution “Yaroslavl Regional Perinatal Center”. Results. There was an increase in total and extracellular fluid volume in the group with preeclampsia compared with the control group and groups with chronic and arterial hypertension in pregnancy. No differences in body composition were found in the groups with chronic arterial hypertension and arterial hypertension in pregnancy. With an increased percentage of extracellular fluid above 118% with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 82% preeclampsia may be diagnosed in women without obesity between 28–34 weeks' gestation. Conclusion. The data obtained enable to identify abnormal changes in body composition during pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia. An abnormal increase in the volume of extracellular fluid is a maladaptive change during pregnancy and may be regarded as a marker of the preeclampsia development. The detection of an excessive volume of total and extracellular fluid allows a high-precision diagnosis of preeclampsia, as well as the formation of high-risk groups of pregnant women. Key words: pregnancy, bioelectrical impedance analysis, extracellular fluid, total body fluid, body composition
Immunotherapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia associated with human papillomavirus in the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinicians’ view
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Davydov A.I. , Chilova R.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Shakhlamova M.N. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Lebedev V.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the connection between SARS-CoV-2 and other immune-dependent human conditions, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), are being discussed. A review of the literature and the results of observation of patients who are currently receiving therapy with inosine pranobex (IP) according to the standard regimen (as the second stage after organ-preserving cervical surgery) indicate the absence of any abnormalities during the postoperative period. Moreover, publications on the interaction of IP and COVID-19 provide a chance for a favorable outcome regarding not only the treatment of CIN, but also minimizing the inflammatory syndrome in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion. The use of IP as medication-assisted (postoperative) treatment of patients with CIN-HPV in the COVID-19 pandemic conditions is, firstly, as effective with respect to cervical pathology as it is outside the pandemic; secondly, in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it can potentially reduce the severity of the course and consequences of respiratory viral infection. Key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, inosine pranobex
Intrauterine synechia and Asherman’s syndrome: a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Dzhibladze T.A. , Svidinskaya E.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Bortsvadze Sh.N. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Zuev V.M. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ishchenko A.I. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Khokhlova I.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Bryunin D.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Montanino M.O. ,   Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Santo Spirito Hospital, Rome, Italy, Cherkasova A.L. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ageev M.B. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Objective. To study the efficacy of different treatment options for patients with intrauterine synechia. Patients and methods. The results of the observation and treatment of 1218 patients of reproductive age with intrauterine synechia and Asherman’s syndrome were analyzed. Patients were retrospectively divided into 4 groups depending on the treatment option (mechanical dissection of synechiae, laser destruction without or under ultrasound or laparoscopic control). Results. The role and diagnostic value of office hysteroscopy for determining treatment tactics were defined; high efficacy of complex treatment (laser surgery, anti-adhesion gels, postoperative care and rehabilitation) for patients with uterine factor infertility was established: there was no relapse in 98% of patients, and pregnancy occurred in 57% of patients. Intraoperative ultrasound monitoring of patients with Asherman’s syndrome allowed to avoid intraoperative complications in all patients; menstrual cycle was restored in 97.5%, pregnancy occurred in 24%, repeated intervention was necessary in 18%. Conclusion. A comprehensive method including hysteroscopy, laser destruction of synechiae, administration of anti-adhesion gels, postoperative laser therapy, and rehabilitation with the use of chlorophyll-containing medications allows to achieve high efficacy in the treatment of patients with uterine infertility caused by intrauterine synechiae. The results of the analysis indicate the advisability of intraoperative ultrasound monitoring in the surgical treatment of Asherman’s syndrome. Key words: intrauterine synechiae, Asherman’s syndrome, laser destruction, uterine factor infertility
Impact of thawing-loading interval of frozen embryo on pregnancy outcome: retrospective analysis
Authors:   Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Abbas A.M. , Hakim A.H.A. ,   Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Bayoumy H.A. ,   Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Abuelghar W.M. ,   Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Gomaa I.A. ,   Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Published: December 2021

Embryo transfer is a critical final step in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. Much attention has been paid to standardizing the procedures of embryo transfer to improve pregnancy outcome. Objective. To identify the impact of embryo thawing-loading interval (the time interval passing from thawing to loading of frozen embryo into the catheter) on pregnancy outcome. Results. The study was divided into quartiles according to thawing-loading interval in minutes (G I: <60; G II: 60–119; G III: 120–239; G IV: 240 and above). Numerical variables are presented as median and interquartile range, and inter-group differences are compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables are presented as numbers and percentages, and differences are compared using the chi-square test for trend. After adjustment for the age of women, time of previous failed ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection) trials, number and maturity of transferred embryos, a thawing-loading interval between 60–119 minutes (adjusted odds ratio = 2.222, 95% CI = 1.370 to 3.603, p-value = 0.001) or between 120–239 minutes (adjusted odds ratio = 1.924, 95% CI = 1.172 to 3.161, p-value = 0.010) was independently associated with increased probability of clinical pregnancy compared with a thawing-loading interval of <60 minutes. On the other hand, a thawing-loading interval of ≥240 minutes significantly decreased the probability of clinical pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 0.378, 95% CI 0.215 to 0.664, p-value = 0.001). Conclusion. After adjusting for potential confounders, this analysis found that a thawing-loading interval between 60–239 minutes was independently associated with better pregnancy outcomes compared with a thawing-loading interval of <60 minutes. On the other hand, a thawing-loading interval of ≥240 minutes was significantly associated with a worse outcome. Key words: embryo transfer, IVF (in vitro fertilization), frozen embryo, thawing-loading interval
What do we know about fetal-maternal microchimerism?
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ignatko I.V. , Kazbekova M.T. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Yakubova D.I. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Silaeva T.M. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Rodionova A.M. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Microchimerism is a condition characterized by the presence of a small number of foreign cells genetically different from the host cells. Thus, during pregnancy maternal and fetal cells cross the placental barrier, enter the foreign bloodstream and settle in the organs, which leads to the formation of fetal-maternal microchimerism. This review covers some aspects of fetal-maternal microchimerism, including its impact on the course of pregnancy. The existence of fetal micro-chimerism during pregnancy confirms the fact that the maternal immune system interacts with fetal antigens long before delivery. Also, fetal microchimerism may influence the course of auto-immune diseases during pregnancy, which is associated with the fetal-maternal HLA compatibil-ity. Scientists suggest that autoimmune processes that develop after pregnancy are in fact “graft versus host” reactions that occur in response to fetal allogeneic cells. Maternal cells can also cross the placental barrier. This results in the development of tolerance to maternal antigens that are foreign to the fetus. This postnatal immune tolerance is presumably involved in the immuno-suppressive mechanisms that contribute to fetal survival in utero. It has been proven that the fetal immune system is functionally active and is formed in utero due to fetal-maternal microchimerism, non-sterile placental environment under the impact of maternal microbiota and transplacental transfer of immunoglobulins, by inflammatory mediators and cytokines. An important finding is the absence of signs of maternal microchimerism (MMc) in women with preeclampsia. Many questions remain unanswered, therefore, further studies on fetal-maternal microchimerism are needed to assess its impact on the human body. Key words: fetal-maternal microchimerism, immune tolerance, placental barrier, pregnancy, preeclampsia
El Retablo del Salvador del Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla
Authors: Blanco López de Lerma Alfonso
Published: December 2021

El Retablo del Salvador es una de las obras que se conserva en el Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla procedente de la Desamortización de Mendizábal. Pintado al óleo sobre tabla, se puede observar en él ocho escenas diferentes, mostrando la central a Cristo Resucitado que presenta a los redimidos del infierno a su Madre e inspira el título del retablo. Esta escena de Jesús tras bajar al Seno de Abraham, cuya datación es cercana a la mitad del siglo XVI, está inspirada en una obra de la antigua colección Parcent. Chandler Rathfon Post en su A History of Spanish Painting la relaciona con un San Telmo que también se encuentra en el Museo sevillano.
Valorization of Seaweed: Using Brown Algae Waste in Papermaking
Authors: Moral Ana , Aguado Roberto , Amaya Jose , Tijero Antonio , Ballesteros Menta
Published: December 2021

In this work, the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma was explored as a new reinforcing material for papermaking. Performing the typical chemical tests for cellulosic substrates on D. dichotoma evidenced large amounts of ethanol:benzene extractable substances (7.2%) and ashes, algae-specific results. Also, even if lipophilic compounds are removed, brown seaweed are not a primary source of fibers because it contains low proportion of cellulose. However, its elevated content of insoluble carbohydrates (51.4%) suggest there is some potential in association with conventional cellulosic pulps, as fibrous elements contribute to sheet forming and other components fill the spaces in the paper web without noteworthy loss of strength. Extraction was carried out with clean processes: hydrogen peroxide and mixtures (hydrogen peroxide-hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide-sodium perborate), sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite, always aiming for low reagent concentrations, in the range of 1-12%. The results show that sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite were the treatments that lead to paper sheets with better structural and mechanical properties without further bleaching or refining, thus highlighting the suitability of these algae for papermaking applications.
Fatigue, Stigma, and Mood in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Effectiveness of Guided Imagery
Authors: Beitollahi Mina , Forouzi Mansooreh Azizzadeh , Tirgari Batool , Jahani Yunes
Published: December 2021

Background and objectives

: The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of guided imagery on fatigue, stigma, and mood in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Methods

This clinical trial is a double-blind study that was conducted on 60 patients with multiple sclerosis referred to the largest center for special diseases in the southeast of Iran in 2020. The convenience sampling method was used to select the participants who were later divided into two groups of intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) using block randomization method. The intervention group listened to the guided imagery audio file at home for 25 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected by demographic information questionnaires, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Reece Stigma Scale for Multiple Sclerosis (RSS-MS), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) before and one month after the intervention.
Results

According to the results, there was no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention in terms of the score of fatigue (P<0.0=67), stigma (P<0.64), and mood (P<0.17). However, after the intervention, a significant differences was observed in this regard (P<0.0001). In the intervention group, the mean score of fatigue decreased from 59.72±18.32 to 35.8±16.15, and the mean score of stigma decreased from 17.31±15.62 to 5.09±8.06, showing a significant reduction in the levels of fatigue (P<0.0001) and stigma (P<0.0001) compared to before intervention. Also, the mean score of mood decreased from 36.90±12.21 to 28.55±11.87, indicating an improvement in the mood of samples in the intervention group (P<0.0001).
Conclusions

The results indicated that guided imagery, as a cost-effective method, can decrease the fatigue and stigma, and enhance the mood of patients with MS. Therefore, nursing staff can use this method to improve MS patients’ mood and decrease their fatigue and stigma.
A cost-effectiveness and value of information analysis to inform future research of tranexamic acid for older adults experiencing mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Williams Jack , Ker Katharine , Roberts Ian , Shakur-Still Haleema , Miners Alec
Published: December 2021

Background

Tranexamic acid reduces head injury deaths in patients with CT scan evidence of intracranial bleeding after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the cost-effectiveness of tranexamic acid for people with mild TBI in the pre-hospital setting, prior to CT scanning, is uncertain. A large randomised controlled trial (CRASH-4) is planned to address this issue, but the economic justification for it has not been established. The aim of the analysis was to estimate the likelihood of tranexamic acid being cost-effective given current evidence, the treatment effects required for cost-effectiveness, and the expected value of performing further research.
Methods

An early economic decision model compared usual care for mild TBI with and without tranexamic acid, for adults aged 70 and above. The evaluation was performed from a UK healthcare perspective over a lifetime time horizon, with costs reported in 2020 pounds (GBP) and outcomes reported as quality adjusted life years (QALYs). All analyses used a £20,000 per QALY cost-effectiveness threshold.
Results

In the base case analysis, tranexamic acid was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £4,994 per QALY gained, and was 85% likely to be cost-effective in the base case probabilistic sensitivity analysis. The value of perfect information was £13.2 million, and the value of perfect information for parameters that could be collected in a trial was £12.4 million. The all-cause mortality risk ratio for tranexamic acid and the functional outcomes following TBI had the most impact on cost-effectiveness.
Conclusions

Tranexamic acid can be cost-effective at a very modest treatment effect, and there is a high value of performing future research in the UK. The value in a global context is likely to be far higher.