bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In object detection deep learning methods, YOLO shows supremum to Mask R-CNN
Authors: Sumit Shahriar Shakir , Watada Junzo , Roy Anurava , Rambli DRA
Published: June 2020

Deep learning concept and algorithm play a pivotal role in solving various complicated problems such as playing games, forecasting economic future values, detecting objects in images. It could break through the bottle neck in conventional methods of neural networks and artificial intelligence. This paper will compare two influential deep learning algorithms in image processing and object detection, that is, Mask R-CNN and YOLO. Today, detection tasks become more complex when they come to numerous variations in the humans’ perceived appearance, formation, attire, reasoning and the dynamic nature of their behaviour. It is also a challenging task to understand subtle details in their surroundings. For instance, radiance conditions, background clutter and partial or full occlusion. When a machine tries to interact with human or try to take pictures, it becomes hard for them to magnify the details of a human surrounding. In this study we have focused to detect humans effectively. The main objective of the present work is to compare the performance of YOLO and Mask R-CNN, which unveils the inability of Mask R-CNN in detecting tiny human figures among other prominent human images, and illustrate YOLO was successful in detecting most of the human figures in an image with higher accuracy. Therefore, the paper evaluates and differentiates the performance of YOLO from the deep learning method Mask R-CNN in two points, (1) detection ability and (2) computation time. Since, the machine learning algorithms are mostly data specific, the authors believe that the presented results might vary with the varying nature of the data under observation. In another way, the presented data might be seen as a counter example of unveiling the detection inaccuracy of the Mask R-CNN.
Mathematical Representation of Joint Angle Measurement using Step Index Optic Fibre and Linear Array Photodiode Sensor
Authors: Salim G M , Zawawi M A
Published: June 2020

Human joint angle measurement involves various applications, for example monitoring of spine movement in sagittal and frontal planes, upper limb motion such as shoulder, neck and elbow, as well as lower limb motion such as hip, knee, and ankle. As the range of motions of different human joints are not similar, the output estimation of the designed sensor for these applications need to be carried out prior to sensor development. In this paper, the conceptual design of low-cost plastic optical fibre based on single step index fibre is illustrated, the mathematical modelling is explained, and the sensor’s hardware assemble is designed using CATIA software, before the estimated sensor output is presented. These results will be used as a reference values for actual optical fibre sensor design in the near future.
On Genetic Algebra and its Transformation to some Evolution Algebras in Dimension Four
Authors: El-Qader Hamza Abd , Ghani Ahmad Termimi Ab , Qaralleh I.
Published: June 2020

Genetic algebra is a (possibly non-associative) algebra used to model inheritance in genetics. This paper investigates the existence of non-associative and derivation of genetic algebra related to some operators generated by ξ
(as) − QSO. Moreover, a transformation of genetic algebra to some evolution algebras in dimension four is investigated.
Optimisation of static magnetic field (SMF) on physical properties of biomass using central composite design experiment
Authors: Zaidi Nur Syamimi , Sohaili Johan , Muda Khalida , Saidi Mohamad Shahrul
Published: June 2020

One of the principle issues for the biomass is the poor settleability that therefore influences the effluent quality. Batch tests were led to appraise the optimal conditions for improving the settleability of the biomass under static magnetic field (SMF). A four-factor central composite design (CCD) was executed to investigate the main and interaction effects of the factors while response surface methodology (RSM) was used for process optimization. Four independent factors, viz. SMF (15.0 – 88.0 mT), exposure time (0.5 – 48.0 h), biomass concentration (2000 – 4000 mg/L) and agitation speed (200 – 400 rpm) were applied and quadratic model was worked to anticipate the reactions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to assess the significance of the autonomous factors. At the optimum conditions of 88.0 mT SMF, 16.5 h exposure time, 2800 mg/L biomass concentration and 300 rpm agitation speed, the turbidity removal, aggregation and settling velocity achieved its highest predictions of 92%, 99% and 0.011 cm/s, respectively. The analysis demonstrated that the applied SMF could enhance the settling property of the biomass through the enhancement of its aggregation ability. These suggesting that the SMF is dependable in accelerating the biomass settleability, subsequently potential to improve the performance efficiency in treating wastewater.
Stability of kaolin particles subjected to elevated temperatures using various dispersing agents
Authors: Shakrani S A , Ayob A , Ab Rahim M A , Alias S
Published: June 2020

The stability of kaolin particles is largely influenced by nature and the behaviour of dispersing agents introduced to the system. This study analysed the size of kaolin particles subjected to elevated temperatures by using various dispersing agents such as ultrapure water (UPW), acetone (Ace) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). It was found that kaolin particles in UPW formed a stable dispersion compared to particles in Ace and NaOH without further aggregation. Interestingly, kaolin particles under UPW, Ace, and NaOH dispersants had a strong affinity for water and can be classified as possessing hydrophilic behaviour. The mean size of kaolin particles was reduced under UPW and Ace dispersion but increased under NaOH suspension. Under UPW dispersion, kaolin particles ranged from 141.8nm to 5560nm, creating a mid-range monodisperse size distribution (0.08 < PDI < 0.7) without any presence of agglomeration due to high potential energy barrier and electrostatic repulsion. Kaolin particles subjected to NaOH dispersant produced a narrow distribution of particle sizes ranging from 295.3nm to 1106nm but appeared to agglomerate because of Van der Waals interactions. In contrast, the Ace dispersant produced a very broad polydisperse particle size distribution (PDI > 0.7) of greater than 10μm in kaolin with a little aggregation but lacking consistency in terms of stability. However, all dispersants contributed to the kaolin particles dispersion but UPW shown more stability dispersion due to increase in number of hydroxyl groups in dispersant molecule. In conclusion, this simple and low cost methodology can be useful in characterising kaolin particle sizes with limited resources.
Tribological And Corrosion Characteristics Of Coatings Based On Chromium Nitride Deposited By The Mechanochemical Method
Authors: Rakhadilov B.K. , Kenesbekov A.B. , Sagdoldina Zh.B. , Stepanova O.A
Published: June 2020

A study was conducted to evaluate the performances against wear and corrosion of Cr2N thin films. The thin film was synthesized onto steel substrates SHKH15, using mechanochemical method. The experimental work was achieved using ball-on-disc configuration in dry conditions against Al2O3 balls. The corrosion resistance was determined by potentiometric method. The main conclusions are: corrosion testing in 4 % solution of nitric acid (HNO3) solution indicated that Cr2N is improved anticorrosion performance when compared to the steel substrate SHKH15; the Cr2N coating presents the better tribological properties. Tribological tests against, that Cr2N coating presents the lowest coefficient of friction relatively to the steel substrate SHKH15.
Ant colony algorithm to generate t-way test suite with constraints
Authors: Ramli Nuraminah , Othman Rozmie Razif , Khalib Zahereel Ishwar Abdul , Ahmad Mohd Zamri Zahir , Fauzi S S M
Published: June 2020

T-way testing is one of the testing techniques offered to generate test suites. It focuses on interactions of input parameters based on strength. Besides that, t-way is used to overcome exhaustive testing problem. Another important aspect in t-way is constraints. It forbids certain interactions of input parameters. Therefore, the final test suite contains only valid interactions. T-way testing is NP-hard problem. No single strategy can always generates the best test suite size at all time for all configurations. Thus, Const-TTSGA strategy has been developed to generate test suites. The strategy supports constraints variable strength. Const-TTSGA is a metaheuristic strategy which applies ant colony algorithm to generate the best test cases. Two types of experiments have been conducted; constraints uniform and variable strength which consists of few other configurations. Results obtained are compared to benchmarked results. Const-TTSGA outperformed other strategy for costraints uniform strength experiments except for one configuration. However, the strategy outperformed other strategies for constraints variable strength experiments.
Comparing the Efficiency of Intelligent Hybrid Operator Assistance Software with Intuitive Set-up (OASIS) for Assembly Production Line
Authors: Ibrahim Zunaidi , ONeill Mike , Hassani Vahid , Mehrabi Hamid
Published: June 2020

Pick-To-Light Order Picking System is the operational process when an operator begins to pick the parts in a sequential manner by which the quantity of the parts is recorded. The design of an effective hybrid order picking process in an assembly line is assisted by an intelligent sensing system to improve pick efficiency, accuracy and increase productivity. This research compares between intelligent hybrid order picking versus order picking with pick confirmation system at parts assembly line. The results show that by our proposed system with the elimination of certain steps within the picking process, the better efficiency, accuracy, fewer miss-picks will occur in the system and the operator can perform more intelligently with required picking quantities. The development of this system can provide a low-cost solution with an intelligent order picking system for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and a fast-moving production assembly line in manufacturing.
Conceptual Design of Electromagnetic Pulse for Denied Vehicular Access Application
Authors: Hamid Fandi , Yahya Azli , Tan Tian Swee , You Kok Yeow
Published: June 2020

Modern vehicle architectures are complemented by the use of advanced technologies, primarily in the Engine Control Unit (ECU). This article describes the proposed conceptual design of Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) for denied vehicular access applications, especially to vehicle (cars) engine ECU. The system mainly consists of five parts, namely power supply, magnetron, isolator, tuner, and pyramidal horn radiator. The magnetron is selected as the means for driving the pulse power generator at an operating frequency of 2.4 GHz. The pyramidal horn radiator with a gain of 15 dB is designed using CST Microwave software and fabricated as well as tested. The performance tests of the designed system are conducted in a laboratory environment and field trials, respectively. The effects of the EMP to the engine ECU are analyzed and discussed in terms of the radiated power, radiation gain, radiation pattern, and significant radiation distance. The expected target distance for stopping a vehicle is at least 3m to 5m.
Cost Saving Replication Technique in Data Grid
Authors: Shukri Mohd Noor A , Fauzi Auni , Fauzi Ainul Azila Che
Published: June 2020

Replication is a useful technique for distributed database systems. An existing popular technique that has been used before are Read One-write-All Monitoring Synchronization Transactions System (ROWA-MSTS) and Hierarchical Replication Scheme (HRS). Nevertheless, these techniques have their flaws in terms of replication time taken. Subsequently, ROWA and HRS take more executing time in order to complete a transaction. It is because they have to copy their data to all sites. This research, Binary Voting Fragmented Database Replication (BVFDR) model, the some-data-to-some-sites technique is proposed. In order to handle transactions in the systems, BVFDR considers the neighbouring servers binary vote assignment to its logical grid structure on fragmented data copies. Therefore, it reduces storage capacity. An experiment has been carried out in three replicated servers. The results have been compared with existing techniques such ROWA and HRS. The result shows that BVFDR is able to preserve data consistency and outperformed in terms of time taken for a complete transaction compare to existing techniques. Overall, BVFDR able to handle fragmented data replication as well as capable to manage transaction management in distributed database environment by maintaining consistency of the data through the synchronization approach.
Equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies for the adsorption of Methylene blue onto biochar from Parkia Speciosa Pod
Authors: Hannandarao T , Shoparwe N F , Mohammad R
Published: June 2020

The ability of Parkia Speciosa pod (PSP) or commonly known as petai pod based biochar as bioadsorbent was investigated in order to utilise the waste generated. Methylene Blue (MB) dye was used as adsorbate and the adsorption was carried out in a batch system. The influence of various initial dye concentrations on the adsorption capacity was evaluated. Adsorption equilibrium data was best described by Langmuir isotherm model with R
2 of 0.997 and qmax of 1.175 mg/g. Overall, biosorption kinetics was found to fit well the pseudo-first order model. The maximum removal percentage of 99.06% was achieved at 25mg/L of initial concentration.
Kinetic Studies of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution using PIMs
Authors: Gunasegaran Manassvinee , Ravi Suganthi , Shoparwe Noor Fazliani
Published: June 2020

Polymer inclusion membrane (PIMs) was used as an extractant for the removal of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye as it is an easy and effective way. The extraction process is used because it is found to be more economical and effective compared to other dye removal methods. The PIM consists of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Co-Hfp (PVDF-Co-HFP) as a base polymer, Aliquat 336 as a carrier with the solvent of Tetrahydrofuran (THF). The formulations of the components were varied to determine the optimum composition of membrane with the effective extraction ability. Various parameters such as effect of carrier, initial dye concentration and pH were investigated. The optimum extraction of RO16 dye using PIMs were found to be at composition M3, 9 % of carrier which is worked best on 10 mg/L initial dye concentration in 4 hour time at pH 2 with agitation speed of 500 rpm at room temperature. Kinetic modelling was studied to analyse the extraction process and removal of dye by using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. The kinetic model fits very well with the kinetic data using pseudo-second-order. The highest percentage removal of RO16 dye was 99.62 % and it is proven that PIMs has the potential to remove the dye.
Tracking Operation Status of Machines through Vibration Analysis using Motif Discovery.
Authors: Lee Yon-Qing , Beh Woan-Lin , Ooi Boon-Yaik
Published: June 2020

Industrial revolution 4.0 is inevitable for developing countries and created an urgency for many small and medium enterprises (SME) manufacturers to modernize their operations. Unfortunately, the process of modernization is expensive and it may not be justifiable for SMEs. This work is part of our existing effort in developing retrofitting sensors solution to help in reducing the cost and risk of SMEs moving towards Industry 4.0. This work focuses on tracking operation of machine through vibration data. Vibration analysis is not new and there are many existing works especially in the area of machine condition monitoring. This work is different from machine condition monitoring because the aim of this work is to track operation status of machines. The operation status of machines are crucial for manufacturers to manage maintenance and estimate the throughput of their operation. However, the main challenge of tracking operation status is that there are no prior knowledge on the machine’s vibration. The success of Motif Discovery has provided an opportunity to distinguish and identify the operation status of a machine from its vibration with minimal interference to the machine’s operation. This work puts Matrix Profile to test; using 15 sets of vibration data from 2-speed (high and low speed) industrial fan and exhaust hood, with the period for each collection at 10 minutes. From the experimental results, this work showed that it is possible to track the operation status of a machine through its vibration data and the accuracy can be as high as 99%.
The Changes on Morphological and Absorption Ability of Treated Corn Stalk Fiber
Authors: Mohamad Rosdi M H H , Ahad N A
Published: June 2020

Natural fiber like corn stalk fiber nowadays can be used to replace synthetic fiber. However, their natural properties may influence their performance which making hem limited to use. In this research study, variety types of chemical treatment which economical technique was used to modified the physical and chemical properties of corn stalk fiber. After the treatment process, the surface morphology and water absorption ability of the fiber was examined. There was an improvement on surface morphological by making them clean and rough compared to untreated corn stalk fiber. The hydrophobicity of corn stalk fiber also increased after treatment. As we can see, H2SO4-treated fiber has lowest water absorption ability compared to others. By removing the unnecessarily element on the fiber which comparable with synthetic fiber may increase their potential to become first choice as reinforcement materials in composite industries later.
Analysis of landslide vulnerability in Sibolangit area using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Authors: Hastuty Ika Puji , Ahmad Fauziah , Roesyanto  , Ridwan Anas M.
Published: June 2020

Natural disasters are a natural phenomenon that can occur at any time causing material and immaterial losses. Sibolangit is one of the subdistricts in the Deli Serdang Regency with relief of sloping hills between 60° – 90° with high rainfall so that the Sibolangit subdistrict has the potential for landslides. Geographic Information System can connect spatial and non-spatial data so that maps and information analysis can be made in a digital form. This study aimed to determine the level of landslide vulnerability in Sibolangit subdistrict, where the data used include types of rocks, types of soil, slope, rainfall, and land use. The analysis used in the study was the Geographic Information System with Puslittanak Modelling 2004. The study results obtained four criteria for landslide vulnerability in Sibolangit subdistrict, namely low landslide-prone areas which were 7 villages (32.65 km2 or 18.84%), moderate landslide-prone areas which were 13 villages (77.93 km2 or 44.96%), high landslide-prone areas which were 8 villages (46.43 km2 or 28.96%), and very high landslide-prone areas which were 2 villages (16.31 km2 or 10.17 %).
PROTOTYPE FOR OFFGRID SOLUTION USING SOLAR AND WIND
Authors: Ismail Nur Amalina Sakinah , Hasan Mohd Zamri , Khalid Khairul Nadiah , Mahyudin Ilham Shafini Ahmad
Published: June 2020

This project is about the design and development of solar and wind turbine system for power generation that supply to the domestic household in the remote area, which is unable to connect to the grid. The construction of renewable resources as the power generation of a small house in a remote area occurs to save the cost installation. Renewable energy such as solar and wind that can prevent pollution occurs to nature. Wind turbines diversified by means of a standalone application, can be combined with a solar system to create a small network to act independently for supplying an electrical energy. This project was divided into two stages which are the software development and hardware development. In software development, this project has been simulated by Proteus Software by designing the charge controller for manufacturing the printed circuit boards (PCB). In hardware development, circuit power generation attached to 12 V battery as a storage. The prototype of the system has been using a piece of solar panel and a–piece of a mini wind turbine. The solar and wind turbine must not exceed 10 kW and 12 VDC. Both resources are then converted into AC by using the inverter. In this project, the charge controller is needed to avoid battery exceed the energy. In the end, the power generation supplied to the small house. The microgrid system has been supplied from the 12 VDC solar and wind system. The system gave the output of 220 to 240 VAC to the small house. The basic requirement of an electric minimum load is determined in 2 kWh for the small house which is including the essential load demand such as lighting and householder appliances such as air conditioner, ceiling fan, water pump and socket outlet.
Seismic Response Of Retrofitted Low Rise Structure Under Strong Earthquakes Using Nonlinear Time History Analysis
Authors: Daniel D R , Sinaga A.H
Published: June 2020

This paper summarizes the response quantities of existing and retrofitting for three story reinforced concrete (RC) structure under selected seismic excitation. The retrofitting technique addressed in this study include carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bar strengthening on beam, steel cage column jacketing, high strength concrete column jacketing, CFRP strengthening of column, and applying the base isolation technique. To evaluate the effect of seismic excitation on the structural responses, three ground motion records, i.e., Newhall, Northridge and Sylmar are selected and scaled to match response spectra design of Indonesian code. Material non-linearity was taken into account and modelled as plastic hinges at the both end of columns and beams element. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed using Newmark’s integration method for existing and all retrofitting models. Finally, the comparisons of the response quantities in term of base shear, roof acceleration, story drift index are presented and discussed.
Studying the Influence of Electroporation on HT29 Cell Line Interaction with Fibronectin and Collagen Protein Micro-Patterned Surface
Authors: Mamman Hassan Buhari , Jamil Muhammad Mahadi Abdul , Ibrahim Tengku Nadzlin Tengku , Wahab Mohd Helmy Abd , Sharif Johan Mohamad , Rahman Nur Adilah Abd , Youseffi Mansour , Javid Farideh
Published: June 2020

Micro-contact printing (MCP) is a scheme that allows a substrate or surface to be functionalized freely with extracellular matrix (ECM) protein such as fibronectin and collagen, in a well-defined manner. MCP can be used to regulate cell adhesion geometry on a substrate and in controlling wound healing process by facilitating directed cell migration. In this study, human colon cancer cell line, HT29 were grown on a micro-contact printed pattern of fibronectin and collagen protein with repeat gratings of 25μm, 50μm, and 100μm wide, for 48 hours. The cells alignments to the patterned substrates were then computed, where 0° means 100% alignment to the pattern. This was done with the purpose of finding those pattern that stimulated the best degree of cell alignment. Best alignment and elongation were obtained on 50μm of the two ECM proteins. The quantitative analysis of the results revealed that HT29 cells aligned most readily to the 50μm width pattern with a mean angle of alignment of 5.0° ± 1.3 and 16.1° ± 4.6, respectively, on fibronectin and collagen pattern surfaces. Contrarily, the cells aligned poorly on the 25μm width pattern of fibronectin, collagen and the control substrates with a mean angle of 33.4° ± 8.4, 36.2° ± 8.9 and 54.5° ± 6.0, respectively. Furthermore, the 50μm stamp pattern was used to investigate the influence of pulse electric field (PEF) on the HT29 alignment to the patterned substrate. The result revealed that there was significant improvement (P < 0.05) in the cell alignment between the electrically treated and the untreated cells. The alignment angles of the electrically treated cells were 4.0° ± 1.2 and 11.2° ± 3.5, respectively, on the 50μm pattern surface of fibronectin and collagen. Therefore, the result of the study revealed that micro-contact printing technique together with pulse electric field could offer a potentially fast method of controlling directed cell migration for wound healing application.
Development a new costing structure for palm oil industry using time driven activity based costing
Authors: Zaini S N A M , Abu M Y
Published: June 2020

Palm oil is one of the agricultural commodities most marketable in the world. The Malaysian palm oil industry is undoubtedly the pride of the country. There are few problems in this plantation at present, which do not represent a time frame to measure operations deviation, a rate establishment did not properly explain the connection between supplied assets and functional capacity and a method for tracking unused capacity was not available to the manager. This work aims at developing a new costing model specifically for ramp areas for improved precision. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) is introduced because it can measure time output effectively, correctly identify idle energy and separately list the unused capacity. Costing based on time activity has been implemented. It also offers a better understanding of operating instruments and associated costs when assessing processes and promoting improvements in quality. There are three main divisions in the plantation in Pahang. The maximum utilized ramp capacity and the level of capacity cost rate (CCR) were successfully established with 4800 minutes and 1.00 RM / minute respectively. Finally, the manager finds the unused capability that can be used to improve ramp-resource management on a regular basis. However, the unused capacity created in ramp activities is not present in this case study.
Development of paper based amperometric biosensor for glucose content measurement in Malaysian Stingless Bee Honey
Authors: Julika W N , Ajit A , Syazlin N. , Ariff A. , Naila A , Sulaiman A Z
Published: June 2020

Amperometric biosensor for glucose content measurement in Malaysian stingless bee honey was developed using screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) integrated with paper disc immobilized with enzyme Glucose Oxidase (GOx) using simple physical adsorption method. The paper-based biosensor required only 8 μL of sample solution for glucose analysis. The calibration of glucose biosensor is linear between 0.5 mM to 4.5 mM (R2= 0.9925) and has a detection limit of 0.15 mM. Interference study on several compound affecting the biosensor response and storage stability was investigated. In addition, its performance was demonstrated in the analysis of six honey samples. The results obtained using glucose biosensor was validated by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. The addition of glucose in pure honey at various concentration were also tested by this paper-based biosensor where the current obtained shows increasing trend with the addition of glucose. From this research, it can be concluded that, the prototype sensor to determine glucose adulteration in stingless bee honey was successfully developed.
Effect of TiO2 Nanofluid and Hybrid TiO2 Nanofluid on Mechanical Properties of Steels for Automotive Applications
Authors: Radhiyah A A , Nurziela K
Published: June 2020

Quenching is a process involving rapid cooling in quenching media and hardening of steels. The effect of quenching process on the microstructure and mechanical properties (hardness) are studied and elaborated in this thesis. The quenching media uses including conventional fluid (distilled water and mineral oil), nanofluid (TiO2 nanofluid), and hybrid-based nanofluid (TiO2 hybrid nanofluid). Thermal conductivity and microstructure development are closely-linked to each other. Conventional fluids as quenching media have low thermal conductivity thus limiting the development of desired microstructure in the steels. The thermal conductivity and stability of nanofluid and hybrid-based nanofluid are studied to enhance the thermal properties of the quenching media.
Electrocortical brain oscillations and social anxiety disorder: a pilot study of frontal alpha asymmetry and delta-beta correlation
Authors: Al-Ezzi Abdulhakim , Selman Nidal Kamel , Faye Ibrahima , Gunaseli Esther
Published: June 2020

The main objective of the present study is to investigate whether socially anxious individuals and healthy control show recognizable electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns in the frontal brain during baseline and recovery states. Towards this goal, this study recruited eight participants to examine the severity of social anxiety disorder (SAD) on EEG oscillations through the study of electrocortical frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) and delta–beta correlation. A group of healthy male participants was chosen (consisting of 4 SAD and 4 HC individuals), and they were assessed by using Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) to determine the level of social anxiety. Frontal EEG oscillations were measured to investigate the delta-beta correlation and frontal alpha asymmetry in baseline tasks (eyes opened and eyes closed) and recovery from social tasks (speaking in front of camera). As an outcome, Delta-beta coupling in SAD has shown greater correlation in baseline condition (eyes closed, and eyes open) than the recovery task, unlike HC individuals who exhibited greater correlation in recovery state more than baseline state. For frontal alpha asymmetry, SDA participant have shown greater left frontal cortical activity, whereas HC participants have demonstrated greater right frontal cortical activity. Taking all together, the reported findings indicate that delta-beta correlation and alpha asymmetry are presumptive EEG biomarkers of social anxiety.
Factorial Analysis of Biological Treatment for Contaminated Wastewater from Hatchery Industry
Authors: Zainol Norazwina , Jazlan Che Asilah Ilyana Che
Published: June 2020

The wastewater from a hatchery was dissimilar from a production farm in terms of quality and quantity of waste. The sources of wastewater were basically from uneaten food and fish feces. Biological treatment was a very promising process for removing dissolved organics from refinery wastewater. However, the low availability of clean water has become a critical issue to the shrimp grower. Further, carbon and phosphorus are the main constituents of most wastes, and removal of such elements from waste effluents can reduce the environmental stress and minimize ecosystem deterioration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) in the contaminated wastewater from hatchery industry. The factors were: ratio acclimatized mixed culture (AMC) to synthetic wastewater (SW) (1:3 and 2:3), the presence and absence of support media (Yes and No), agitation (0 rpm and 100 rpm) and retention time (4 days and 8 days). The responses were COD and TP removal. Design Expert software was used to construct experimental design where all the factor was randomized. As a result, ratio AMC to the SW, agitation and retention time were the most contributing factors to all the responses. The best conditions for the contaminated wastewater from hatchery industry were at ratio (1:3) AMC:SW, present of support media, 0 rpm agitation and 4 days retention time. At this condition the removal for COD and TP were 26.5% and 42.9% respectively. However, by separating the best condition for COD and TP, the removal can achieve 69% and 75.7% respectively. It can be concluded that the biological treatment using AMC can treat contaminated wastewater from hatchery industry.
Fish Larvae Counting System Using Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Awalludin E A , Wan Muhammad W N A , Arsad T N T , Wan Yussof W N J Hj
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the use of computer technology based on image processing techniques to count the number of fish larvae with less time processing. Computer technology used is as an alternative solution to the manual counting approach method in term of determination fish larvae survival rate, stock assessment and monitoring fish growth population. Generally, the fish larvae counting is performed with sequential process with laborintensive task which difficult to be used for counting large sample dataset. Traditional counting method has been used for many years, however many researchers highlighted several drawbacks of the manual counting process such as time consuming, laborious, required human skills-eyes, less-accurate, less consistent, difficult to estimate with many large sample and too many involve with human intervention. Since the problems is addressed, many researchers are interested to develop many techniques to facilitate the process of fish counting with fast assessment. In this study, we present combination of image processing techniques that consists of image enhancement, edge detection, and thresholding process. Meanwhile, the blob analysis is used as the statistical information to measure the objects properties in the image automatically. Total number of 150 samples dataset of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used in the experiment. All the samples are divided into three part which are small dataset (50 samples), medium dataset (50 samples) and large dataset (50 samples). The performance of the proposed method and the manual approach method are compared based on the number of fish that was successfully estimated and processing time taken through the experiment. All 150 samples of fish larvae were collected from the Freshwater Hatchery of University Malaysia Terengganu. The experimental results shows that the proposed method based on computer technology is outperformed compared to the manual counting approach in the experiment. This is because, the number of fish larvae measurement by using the proposed method is almost similar and some of samples present accurate result compared to the traditional approach. Moreover, the proposed method is promising on the processing time for measuring all samples with less time processing and more reliable.
Improved students’ performance prediction for multi-class imbalanced problems using hybrid and ensemble approach in educational data mining
Authors: Hassan Hasniza , Ahmad Nor Bahiah , Anuar Syahid
Published: June 2020

Among the problems raised in the data mining area, the class imbalance is a well-known issue that always occurs. Many researchers studied this issue in several fields using three commonly used techniques: sampling, ensemble, or cost-sensitive learning. However, such studies are still new in education domains. This problem always related to the quality of data that gives the most impact to form an accurate prediction result. Many previous studies focus on binary imbalance classification problems instead of the multi-class imbalance problem in education data. This study used 4413 student instances of two datasets; students’ information system and e-learning from the Faculty of Engineering in a Malaysia university for First Semester 2017/2018. Three sampling categories utilized in this study are oversampling techniques, undersampling techniques, and hybrid techniques. The research empirically analyzes five types of ensemble classifiers and seven sampling techniques. The experimental results show a hybrid technique ROS with AdaBoost produces the most excellent performance compared to the other benchmark techniques. SMOTEENN technique with ensembles classifiers consistently produces high results. This technique has great potential in improving the students’ performance prediction model.
Weighting Temporary Change Outlier by Modified Huber Function with Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Ghani I M Md , Rahim H A
Published: June 2020

Robust method is a popular approach to dealing the existence of outliers in the data. Many researchers have applied Huber weight function. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the Huber weight function and the modification of the Huber weight function on the temporary change (TC) outliers. The data used in this paper were generated as ARMA(1,0)-GARCH(1,2) model via the Monte Carlo simulation. There are three major situations in this simulations: without weight (WW), with Huber weight (WH) and with a modified Huber weight (WMH). Three different TC contamination (0%, 10% and 20%) and three different time series length (100, 500 and 1000) were tested. The performance of the three situations was compared on the basis of AIC, SIC, HQIC, MAE, MSE and RMSE. The results of the numerical simulations show that the performance in the WMH situation is better than the WH situation in the presence of TC outliers.
A Mini Comparative Study of Requirements Modelling Diagrams towards Swimlane: Evidence of Enterprise Resource Planning System
Authors: Bakar Noor Widasuria Abu , Musa Shahrulniza , Mohamad Abdul Hadi
Published: June 2020

Model-based requirements engineering (MBRE) is an approach that empowers requirements engineers with adequate models to perform requirements engineering (RE) activities. This approach is increasingly becoming an essential part of system engineering projects as it reduces development time, enhances analysis capability and increases the potential for reuse. Use case diagram, activity diagram, business process management and notation diagram (BPMN) and swimlane diagram are among the diagram used in representing the requirements. However, the swimlane diagram has received little attention in the literature and lack of empirical support, particularly in the requirements engineering field. In this study, a multi-criteria comparative work is performed where three other diagrams are identified and examined against the swimlane diagram. Walkthrough sessions are conducted using enterprise application documents with real users to validate the model-based requirements exemplified using the swimlane diagram. These activities are carried out to highlight the efficacy of the swimlane diagram in representing requirements in the RE field. The results confirmed that the swimlane diagram outperforms NL in overall completion time for the requirement validation process. Furthermore, it gives users a better understanding as they did not need to read textual requirements which are typically ambiguous, confusing, and lengthy.
Investigation on the effect of the gap and size of the parasitic structure in multi-direction steerable antenna for WSN
Authors: Zainudin N A F M , Osman M N , Sabapathy T , Jusoh M
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a multi-direction steerable radiation pattern antenna is designed and investigated, which operates at 2.45 GHz frequency. The radiation pattern reconfigurable is achieved by locating the driven elements at the centre of the antenna that surround by four parasitic elements. The artificial switches, are currently inserted at the specific position on the parasitic element. The beam steering to be directed into four direction angles; right, left, upwards and downwards, by controlling the state of the switches, ON/OFF. In this research, an investigation on the effect of gap and the size of the parasitic on the steering angles has been carried out. With minimum numbers of switches deployed, the proposed antenna is a potential candidate to serve as a transmitting element in WSN applications.
An Experimental Framework for Assessing Emotions of Stroke Patients using Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Authors: Khairunizam Wan , Yean Choong Wen , Murugappan Murugappan , Junoh Ahmad Kadri , Razlan Zuradzman M. , Shahriman AB , Mustafa Wan Azani Wan , Ibrahim Zunaidi , Nurhafizah Siti
Published: June 2020

This research aims to assess the emotional experiences of stroke patients using Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Since emotion and health are interrelated, thus it is important to analyse the emotional states of stroke patients for neurofeedback treatment. Moreover, the conventional methods for emotional assessment in stroke patients are based on observational approaches where the results can be fraud easily. The observational-based approaches are conducted by filling up the international standard questionnaires or face to face interview for symptom recognition from psychological reactions of patients and do not involve experimental study. This paper introduces an experimental framework for assessing emotions of the stroke patient. The experimental protocol is designed to induce six emotional states of the stroke patient in the form of video-audio clips. In the experiments, EEG data are collected from 3 groups of subjects, namely the stroke patients with left brain damage (LBD), the stroke patients with right brain damage (RBD), and the normal control (NC). The EEG signals exhibit nonlinear properties, hence the non-linear methods such as the Higher Order Spectra (HOS) could give more information on EEG in the signal’s analysis. Furthermore, the EEG classification works with a large amount of complex data, a simple mathematical concept is almost impossible to classify the EEG signal. From the investigation, the proposed experimental framework able to induce the emotions of stroke patient and could be acquired through EEG.
D-Xylonic Acid from Recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3): Comparison between Shake Flask and Benchtop Bioreactor Fermentation
Authors: Rodzri N A M , Zain W S W M , Hanapiah R M A , Samah R A , Illias R M
Published: June 2020

Production D-xylonic acid from recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) at a small scale has been successfully done several times. In an attempt to scale up the production process to a bigger scale, fermentation in bioreactor was conducted. The comparison on growth of recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) and production of D-xylonic acid in both shake flask and bioreactor was investigated. Higher specific growth rate of recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) and concentration of D-xylonic acid however, was obtained by fermentation in shake flask which is 0.273 h−1 and 9.06 gL−1
D-xylonic acid respectively. The result suggests several mistakes done during fermentation in bioreactor that causes low concentration of D-xylonic acid in bioreactor fermentation. Therefore, this calls up for improvement and better scale-up strategies in future work.
MOOC Student Learning Analytics For Automotive Technology Programme In Vocational College
Authors: Mazin Khairol Azwar , Norman Helmi , Nordin Norazah , Ibrahim Ruslina
Published: June 2020

This study aims to study the analysis of how students learning and see what they do in their Massive Open Online Course in the learning of Automotive Technology Course at Technical and Vocational Education Training institutions. This study used analytics tools, data and reports as part of an educational endeavor. At the beginning of each learning session, all students will be able to participate in this course. The participation of students enrolled in this large-scale course makes it challenging to help students individually achieve their learning objectives. Through the analytical features offered by the MOOC platform, it has made it easier for course coordinators and educators to view student learning activities in the online supplementary restraint system (SRS) course conducted through the MOOC. The findings of student learning analytics found that there are several types of learners and the tendency to follow learning by competency unit in online learning using open learning. Therefore, in this study, the analytical assessment of TVET student learning is used in achieving TVET course learning objectives. The use of learning analysis among TVET students can be used to observe interest and achievement in each unit of competency and identify students at risk during their learning process by analyzing student engagement on the page. By analyzing these interactions, learning analytics has the potential to provide predictive insights about future challenges. These predictions are used to evaluate the adaptability of the content presentation and improve the performance of the learning TVET MOOC process in the future.
Technology Integration in Implementing a Curriculum: Teachers’ Beliefs and Willingness to Change
Authors: Adnan Wan Ilmiwati Wan , Wahid Najihah Abd , Majid Norliana Abd , Jaafar Farah Wahida , Ismail Nor Asmawati
Published: June 2020

Teachers’ roles in implementing a curriculum is crucial in ensuring the planned curriculum is able to achieve its intended meaning. Accordingly, technology integration is considered essential as it perpetuates better learning outcomes for the learners. Specifically, embracing a new curriculum at classroom level requires teachers as its sole enactors to integrate any technology which accompanies an innovation. However, technology advancement does not confirm comprehensive integration. Subsequently, this conceptual paper tries to elucidate teachers’ willingness to change and beliefs as predictors to successful curriculum implementation where technology integration is involved. Findings indicate that these two constructs are able to manoeuvre teachers to implement a new curriculum in a successful manner when technology integration is involved.
The Comprehensive Study of Product Criteria on Infant-Wrap (InfaWrap) Device: Engineering Perspective
Authors: Rahim Mohd Hanafi Abdul , Adib Mohd Azrul Hisham Mohd , Hasni Nur Hazreen Mohd
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, most of the parents still monitor their baby’s health using a manual oximeter device. However, the existing oximeter device was a hassle for infant and presented the monitoring process difficult. In this paper, two different prototype of the infant-wrap (InfaWrap) device is well compared. This InfaWrap device is purposely to monitor the SpO2 and heart rate of the baby. The device also easier to use, fast and provides accurate on baby’s SpO2 and heart rate. Presently, the main problem was related to the clinical which used of the conventional wrapping concept. Normally, the method involved the movement of the infant’s leg which is easier to deprive. This study focuses on the perspective of engineering students on InfaWrap device criteria needed from the customer compare between prototype 1 and prototype 2. The results obtained in the perspective study generally shows the prototype 2 is better than the prototype 1 especially on design, safety, comfortability, size, and weight. Finally, by use of this comprehensive study of the product criteria on InfaWrap device, we expected to help experienced professional’s designers to develop more good products in the future especially on medical devices.