bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blind Restoration Algorithm Using Residual Measures for Motion-Blurred Noisy Images
Authors: Shah Mayana , Dalal U. D.
Published: June 2018

Image de-blurring is an inverse problem whose intent is to recover an image from the image affected badly with different environmental conditions. Usually, blurring can happen in various ways; however, de-blurring from a motion problem with or without noise can pose an important problem that is difficult to solve with less computation task. The quality of the restored image in iterative methods of blind motion de-blurring depends on the regularization parameter and the iteration number, which can be automatically or manually stopped. Blind de-blurring and restoration employing image de-blurring and whiteness measures are proposed in this paper to automatically decide the number of iterations. The technique has three modules, namely image de-blurring module, whiteness measures module, and image estimation module. New whiteness measures of hole entropy and mean-square contingency coefficient have been proposed in the whiteness measures module. Initially, the blurred image is de-blurred by the employment of edge responses and image priors using point-spread function. Later, whiteness measures are computed for the de-blurred image and, finally, the best image is selected. The results are obtained for all eight whiteness measures by employing evaluation metrics of increase in signal-to-noise ratio (ISNR), mean-square error, and structural similarity index. The results are obtained from standard images, and performance analysis is made by varying parameters. The obtained results for synthetically blurred images are good even under a noisy condition with ΔISNR average values of 0.3066 dB. The proposed whiteness measures seek a powerful solution to iterative de-blurring algorithms in deciding automatic stopping criteria.
Immunobiological and morphofunctional indicators with dysbacteriosis of the intestine of rabbits
Authors: Lenchenko E M , Kondakova I A , Lomova Yu V , Vatnikov Yu A , Voronina Yu Yu
Published: June 2018

The article presents results of research of dynamics of morphological, biochemical, haematological and immunological parameters when changing the quantity and species of microorganisms of intestinal microbiocenosis of the rabbits. With the dominance of pathogenic bacteria in rabbit intestinal microbiocenoses, the titer of bifidumbacteria was 10-5-10-4, a decrease in the number of lactobacilli, an increase in the number of enterobacteria, a correlation between the colonization index and the degree of adhesion of bacteria was revealed; an increase in the total number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, hematocrit, alanine aminotransferase level, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, -amylase, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, T-killer level, NK cells, concentration of C-reactive protein. We observed a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin, monocytes, total protein level, T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, B-lymphocytes, phagocytic index, phagocytic activity of leukocytes, NST-spontaneous, NST-stimulated. Dynamics of morphological indicators was characterized by a disorder of the circulation of organs, a predominance of dystrophic and necrotic processes in the tissues and organs of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory system. Infiltration with mononuclear and segmented leukocytes was noted, diffuse lymphoid proliferation of the mucous membranes of the organs, hyperemia, edema, multiple hemorrhages, accumulation of hemorrhagic exudate in the lumen of the respiratory, digestive and urogenital tracts. Observed catarrhal-hemorrhagic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract; mucous membrane of the stomach, small and large intestines edematic, hyperemic, with hemorrhages, covered with mucus, fibrinous films, with necrotic areas. The signs of acute diffuse interstitial nephritis, characterized by proliferation of connective tissue cells with a predominance of lipoblast and epithelioid cells, are revealed. In the presence of bacterial cells in the lumen of the tubules, the parenchyma of the cortical and medullar layers was marked by microabscesses. Accidental transformation of the thymus was observed, characterized by signs of a circulatory disorder, a decrease in the area of the cortex, the formation of cysts; signs of diffuse hyperplasia of the spleen with necrobiotic changes in the foci of proliferation, reduction of the area of lymphoid follicles, expansion of the area occupied by the red pulp of follicles, hyperplasia of follicles of white pulp with foci of necrosis. Identified multiple bacterial embolism of blood vessels, developed signs of hemorrhagic Diathesis, watched the development of sign infiltrative itch processes.
Property and Thomas Piketty: Casting the Lens of Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-first Century on Inequality in the Urban Built Environment
Authors: Derrington Patrice
Published: June 2018

Currently, there exists a disturbing urban problem exemplified by the excessive luxury apartments and glamorous office towers being built in cities around the world in the face of the increasing unaffordability of housing and low-cost work, trade or craft space. Seeking to address this complex problem, this paper proposes a theoretical framework that uniquely addresses both the capitalist economic structure that drives the development process and the Marxist-based urban theory by which the socio-economic outcomes are currently evaluated. This framework takes as its meta-theory, the approach of Thomas Piketty in his recent treatise, “Capital in the Twenty-First Century” since he deftly employs the Marxist dialectic of labor/capital while investigating the persistent inequality in the history of capitalism by interrogating that system itself. This bifurcated framework of economic analysis affords a new format for examining real estate returns, how they are represented in the market place, who benefits from them, and how resultant inequalities might be avoided in urban development.
PELATIHAN DESAIN DAN PROMOSI ONLINE PRODUK KERUPUK IKAN DAN KERUPUK SAGU DI KUALA ALAM KECAMATAN BENGKALIS
Authors: Fitri Diah Angraina , Mansur Mansur
Published: June 2018

Meningkatkan pertumbuhan perekonomian untuk wirausaha baru diperlu ada peran aktif dari masyarakat untuk terlibat dalam berwirausaha dengan merubah pola pikir dan meningkatkan efektivitas diri berwirausaha. Perkembangan zaman teknologi yang semakin pesat, setelah internet mulai dapat diakses melalui telepon seluler. Pemilihan ilmu pengetahuan teknologi bagi produksi kerupuk ikan dan kerupuk sagu ini ditujukan untuk : Peningkatan skill mendesain kemasan dan Peningkatan penjualan hasil produk. Pengabdian ini melibatkan dua mitra yaitu mitra pertama kerupuk ikan dan mitra kedua kerupuk sagu. Pada pengabdian ini kedua mitra melakukan desain profil, desain produk dan desain kemasan, serta melakukan promosi produk secara online baik melalui media sosial dan juga melalui halaman web dagangkita.com, sehingga membantu kedua mitra dalam mengembangkan usaha dan dapat meningkatkan daya saing dan daya jual
How to write ‘method’ in scientific journal article
Authors: Shah Jay N
Published: June 2018

Not available.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2015 Dec;2(2):1-2
Notes and News Vol.42(1)
Authors: Editor -
Published: June 2018

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (1) :51
How to Make the Optimization Model for Parking Lots in Taipei
Authors: Chen Miao-Sheng , Lin Meng-Feng
Published: June 2018

Due to the rapid urbanization, motorization and the high density of most urban structures, the parking challenge in Taipei is getting worse. Although public transit systems have advanced as an economical and friendly alternative to cars, people prefer to drive the car to their destination because it takes less time and is more flexible for many trips. As a result, the significant shortage of parking spaces in cities creates a problem for drivers. The lifetime and stability of the mechanism from “nothing” to “something” depend on whether or not the interchangeability of such mechanism can catalyze subsequent operations spontaneously as well as the degree of catalytic power. If the mechanism possesses spontaneous catalytic power for sustainability, and the catalytic process has the “good” to benefit other people without compromising your own interest, the formation of this mechanism will be regarded as “good formation”.
An Improved Alert System for Emerging Infectious Diseases
Authors: Bhadelia Nahid
Published: November 2024

This Viewpoint investigates the lack of a comprehensive infectious diseases alert system in the US and proposes solutions for such a system, including linking changing threat levels to specific response actions.
Prevalence of HFpEF in Isolated Severe Secondary Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Naser Jwan A. , Harada Tomonari , Reddy Yogesh N. , Pislaru Sorin V. , Michelena Hector I. , Scott Christopher G. , Kennedy Austin M. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Eleid Mackram F. , Borlaug Barry A.
Published: November 2024

Importance

Secondary tricuspid regurgitation (STR) is observed in multiple cardiac and pulmonary diseases. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common cause of STR that may be overlooked, along with precapillary etiologies of pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence of HFpEF and precapillary PH in patients with severe STR of undefined etiology (isolated STR) referred for exercise right heart catheterization (RHC), and to evaluate the performance of noninvasive measures to identify HFpEF.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cross-sectional study included consecutive adults with severe STR in the absence of EF less than 50%, hemodynamically significant left-sided valve disease, congenital heart disease, infiltrative or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pericardial disease, or prior cardiac procedures who underwent rest-and-exercise RHC between February 2006 and June 2023 at Mayo Clinic and transthoracic echocardiography less than 90 days prior. Diastolic dysfunction (DD) was defined by at least 3 of 4 or 2 of 3 abnormal diastolic parameters (medial e’, medial E/e’, tricuspid regurgitation [TR] velocity, left atrial volume index). HFpEF was diagnosed when pulmonary arterial wedge pressure was at least 15 mm Hg at rest, at least 19 mm Hg with feet up, or at least 25 mm Hg during exercise. Data analysis was performed from November 2023 to March 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The prevalence of HFpEF and precapillary PH in severe isolated STR was determined, and performance of noninvasive measures to identify HFpEF was evaluated.

Results

Overall, 54 patients with severe isolated STR (mean [SD] age, 70.8 [12.5] years; 34 [63%] female) were identified. The primary indication for RHC was evaluation of TR prior to potential intervention in 36 patients (67%), evaluation of PH in 13 (24%), and confirmation of HFpEF in 5 (9%). HFpEF was identified in 40 patients (74%) but was recognized prior to RHC in only 19 patients (35%). Of the 14 remaining patients without HFpEF, precapillary PH was diagnosed in 10 (71%). Guideline-defined DD was absent in 24 patients (60%) who were subsequently diagnosed with HFpEF. Left atrial emptying fraction (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98) and strain (AUC = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99) had robust discrimination for HFpEF.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings suggest that HFpEF is underdiagnosed and should be rigorously evaluated for in patients with severe isolated STR, along with precapillary PH, as both have distinct requirements for management. Resting DD based on current guidelines is insufficiently sensitive in these patients, indicating a pressing need for other noninvasive diagnostic tools, such as left atrial function assessment.
Homelessness and Maternal and Infant Health
Authors: McGovern Mark E. , Treglia Dan , Eliason Erica L. , Spishak-Thomas Amanda , Cantor Joel C.
Published: November 2024

This cross-sectional analysis of pregnancy risk data from US individuals with live births analyzes the association of homelessness with utilization of primary care, rates of stress-induced health behaviors, and allostatic load and anxiety.
Popular Cultural Icons:
Star Trek
Authors: Milner Andrew
Published: November 2024

Star Trek
is the most successful brand in the history of US television science fiction. This entry concentrates on three main topics: the ideological meanings at work in the
Star Trek
television series and films; the more specific interplay between the program's fictional Starfleet and the real National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); and the sociology of its fan base.
Environmental Racism
Authors: Holifield Ryan
Published: November 2024

Environmental racism usually refers to the disproportionate exposure of people of color or racialized groups to the adverse impacts of environmental hazards. In the USA, where the term originated, debates have historically revolved around the question of whether disproportionate impact alone constitutes sufficient evidence of racism, or whether racism requires discriminatory intent. However, these debates have become more complex and sophisticated with the increasing consideration of structural and institutional forms of racism, along with the term's extension to both international settings and a broader set of substantive issues. In addition, social scientists have examined the role of the term “environmental racism,” along with the related terms “environmental equity” and “environmental justice,” in the mobilization of grassroots activism and advocacy.
Meta Education
Authors: Buoncompagni Giacomo
Published: November 2024

Media education is a didactic activity aimed at imparting critical information to young people and at developing their understanding of the nature and categories of media, the techniques they employ to construct messages and produce meaning, and specific genres and languages. Media practices that can be applied to the educational field will continually change with the evolution of new technologies. The latest technological success story is that of the metaverse, which connects humans to the Internet by going beyond the concepts of virtual and augmented reality. In the metaverse people in the physical world can interact with avatars and virtual objects. The metaverse encompasses the variety of virtual experiences, environments, and resources (platforms, video games, apps, etc.) that expanded and strengthened during the period of suspended normal life during the COVID‐19 pandemic, especially in professional and school environments. Participating in a history lesson or webinar via Zoom is a starting point for learning about educational metaversality.
Asexuality
Authors: Geist Claudia , Gaytán Marie Sarita , Gull Bethany
Published: November 2024

Asexuality refers to people who are not sexually attracted to others. Asexuality exists on a spectrum and the definition can vary from person to person. For example, those who identify as asexual may still engage in sexual activity. Others may identify as aromantic, gray asexual, demisexual, reciprosexual, akoisexual, or aceflux. All of these terms refer to a variety of ways in which people experience asexuality depending on context. Asexual identity, as with all types of sexual identity and attraction, may change over time. Additional research is needed into the prevalence of asexual identity in the population, the formation of asexual communities, and the effects of discrimination and marginalization among individuals who identify as asexual.
COVID‐19, Citizenship and
Authors: Ramsari Atefeh
Published: November 2024

With the outbreak of COVID‐19, countries around the world introduced many restrictions on entry and mobility. Different groups of noncitizens were not allowed to receive visas, while those holding short‐term permissions were not permitted to extend their residency. Thousands of migrants, including workers and students, had to leave their host countries as they were not given access to social services and healthcare. During the pandemic, categorization based on citizenship led to the (re)making of boundaries and the building up and intensifying of inequalities in and between societies. With the rapid spread of the coronavirus, the nation‐state reappeared as the only locus for the allocation of rights, and it mobilized citizenship as a means of exclusion and control of resources.
Gambling as a Social Problem
Authors: Barmaki Reza
Published: November 2024

A key result of the recent legalization of gambling in many countries has been the massive proliferation of its types and venues. This has resulted in the increasing view of gambling as a social problem, that is, as having considerable adverse social consequences. One such consequence is pathological (problem) gambling, that is, the irresponsible and irrepressible obsession with gambling. Key behavioral and psychological disorders associated with it include depression, suicide, substance abuse, and crime. Physical injuries related to pathological gambling include enuresis, encopresis, repetitive strain injury, photosensitive epilepsy, increased risk of obesity, and hand and arm vibration syndrome. The serious nature of these consequences has made gambling a central concern of governmental and academic research. The aim has been to introduce effective methods of prevention, intervention, and treatment.
Latinidad and Consumer Culture
Authors: Camacho Michelle M.
Published: November 2024

“Latinidad” is the shorthand term that captures the negotiation, expression, and network of hybrid identities shaped by Latinx individuals in US society. As a cultural US product informed by transnational and translocal practices, “Latinidad” is simultaneously fluid and contested through social class variations, generational status, national and racialized identities, and geographic heterogeneity. Empirical research on Latinx consumer culture reflects this diversity. The consumption of both products and meanings is grounded in access to material resources, social arrangements, and digital technology. Capturing an understanding of global versus local consumer culture is complex in the case of transnational Latinxs; there is no monolithic culture of consumption.
Transgender, Transvestism, and Transsexualism
Authors: Tynen Sam , Gaytán Marie Sarita
Published: November 2024

An encyclopedia entry devoted to transgender identity, colloquially shortened to “trans,” attests to both the rising visibility of trans individuals and the growing interest in trans studies within sociology. The evolution of the term “transgender” in the English language, including its various meanings and the social phenomena to which it refers, dates back to the end of the nineteenth century in Europe, with the emergence within medical discourses of what came to be known as transvestism (now known as cross‐dressing) and transsexualism. A review of non‐European studies reveals the existence of gender‐nonconforming people in times before, and ways that go beyond, the European medicalization of trans identity.
Enhanced Macrophages Engulfment by Peptide‐Templated Nanoassemblies Targeting SIRPα and Suppressing Oxidative Stress for Atherosclerosis Pro‐Efferocytotic Therapy
Authors: Jiang Weixi , Wang Xiaoting , An Hongjin , Guo Xun , Chen Li , Yu Luodan , Chen Yu , Ren Jianli
Published: November 2024

Prompt removal of apoptotic cells via macrophage‐mediated efferocytosis is an emerging approach for atherosclerosis treatment, because these diseased cells directly contribute to vascular inflammation and secondary necrosis in plaques. Despite blocking CD47 can restore impaired efferocytosis by inhibiting “don't eat me” signals, the currently available CD47 antibody (CD47‐Ab)‐based therapy may accelerate off‐target clearance of healthy cells due to the ubiquitous expression of CD47 on viable cells. Here, a peptide‐templated nanoassembly (PTna‐1) engineered to induce synergistic enhancement of engulfment by macrophages is reported. Through self‐assembled polypeptides with multiple functional motifs, the nanoassembly can specifically target p32‐overexpressing macrophages and bind to the Ig‐V‐like domain of SIRPα but not to CD47, thereby normalizing intraplaque efferocytosis and alleviating persistent inflammation. Concurrently, disassembled PTna‐1 released manganese porphyrins with photoacoustic/magnetic resonance imaging capability to suppress oxidative stress and synergistically enhance macrophage phagocytosis through the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway. Compared with CD47‐Abs, PTna‐1 promoted a more significant reduction in lesion area and plaque stabilization without affecting the incidence of anemia in atherosclerotic mice. Proteomic analysis revealed that PTna‐1 treatment decreased the expression of inflammation‐related proteins in plaques. Overall, these peptide‐driven nanoassemblies employing a SIRPα‐specific blockade strategy provide a distinct paradigm of pro‐efferocytotic therapy for atherosclerosis.
Electrostatic Field Regulate Interfacial Hole Transfer for Photocatalytic Valorization of Biopolyols
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Zhou Hongru , Kong Fanhao , Dou Zhaolin , Yang Jingxuan , Wang Min
Published: November 2024

Photocatalysis has shown power in the valorization of biomass while controlling the selectivity is a long‐standing goal and challenge, especially for the complex and reactive bio‐polyols. The selectivity control of photocatalytic biopolyols reforming to formic acid (FA) or CO is realized via engineering the electrostatic field on TiO2 semiconductor. The electrostatic field is generated by surface modification with anion adsorbates, which can alter the trap states of photoexcited holes and regulate interfacial hole transfer to the surface‐bound species, thereby strongly affecting photocatalytic activity. Taking formic acid dehydration as an example, a shallow trap of photoexcited holes on pristine TiO2 favors the dehydration of FA to CO, while a deep trap of photoexcited holes after introduced anion adsorbates makes FA stable. Based on this result, the selectivity is successfully tuned in the photocatalytic oxidation of biopolyols via controlling electrostatic field. A wide range of biopolyols can be selectively converted into FA or CO. This work presents an effective strategy to manipulate reaction pathways via generating electric field.
Hyaluronic Acid‐Based 3D Bioprinted Hydrogel Structure for Directed Axonal Guidance and Modeling Innervation In Vitro
Authors: Honkamäki Laura , Kulta Oskari , Puistola Paula , Hopia Karoliina , Emeh Promise , Isosaari Lotta , Mörö Anni , Narkilahti Susanna
Published: November 2024

Neurons form predefined connections and innervate target tissues through elongating axons, which are crucial for the development, maturation, and function of these tissues. However, innervation is often overlooked in tissue engineering (TE) applications. Here, multimaterial 3D bioprinting is used to develop a novel 3D axonal guidance structure in vitro. The approach uses the stiffness difference of acellular hyaluronic acid‐based bioink printed as two alternating, parallel‐aligned filaments. The structure has soft passages incorporated with guidance cues for axonal elongation while the stiff bioink acts as a structural support and contact guidance. The mechanical properties and viscosity differences of the bioinks are confirmed. Additionally, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) ‐derived neurons form a 3D neuronal network in the softer bioink supplemented with guidance cues whereas the stiffer restricts the network formation. Successful 3D multimaterial bioprinting of the axonal structure enables complete innervation by peripheral neurons via soft passages within 14 days of culture. This model provides a novel, stable, and long‐term platform for studies of 3D innervation and axonal dynamics in health and disease.
Evidence of Quasi‐Na Metallic Clusters in Sodium Ion Batteries through In Situ X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Liu Xi , Zhang Minglu , Wang Xinying , Peng Yi , Liu Yang , Ullah Shafi , Duan Zhihua , Gao Wanjie , Song Bingyan , Wei Mingxuan , He Jiarui , Li Zhenghui , Wu Yuping
Published: November 2024

Carbonaceous materials have been considered the most promising anode in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their low cost, good electrical conductivity, and structural stability. The main challenge of carbonaceous anodes prior to their commercialization is low initial coulomb efficiencies, derived from a lack of an efficient technique to reveal a fundamental comprehension of sodium storage mechanisms. Here, the direct observation of quasi‐Na metallic clusters in carbonaceous anodes during cycling through in situ XRD is reported. By means of such a technique, a strong self‐adsorption behavior forming quasi‐Na metallic clusters is detected within a rationally designed highly defective ultrathin carbon nanosheets (HDCS) anode. Such a self‐adsorption and crystalline system transformation mechanism in HDCS brings capacity retention about 100% after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. This work provides a new principle for designing high‐performance carbon anodes for SIBs.
Into the Revolution of NanoFusion: Merging High Performance and Aesthetics by Nanomaterials in Textile Finishes
Authors: Anik Habibur Rahman , Tushar Shariful Islam , Mahmud Shakil , Khadem Ashfaqul Hoque , Sen Prosenjit , Akter Mahmuda
Published: November 2024

The field of technical textiles has grown significantly during the last two decades, with a focus on functionality rather than aesthetics. However, the advancement of NanoFusion technology provides a novel potential to combine better functionality and aesthetic value in textile finishes. NanoFusion incorporates nanoparticles into textile treatments to improve waterproofing, stain resistance, durability, and breathability. This is performed without affecting the textile's visual appeal or aesthetics and may even improve them. This textile finishing revolution is expected to impact industries such as athletics, outdoor clothing, car upholstery, and luxury fashion. It offers cutting‐edge functionality while maintaining style and design integrity. Furthermore, the use of nanoparticle textile coatings opens up new opportunities for personalization and modification. Manufacturers and designers can now experiment with different color combinations, patterns, and textured finishes while maintaining performance characteristics. NanoFusion technology has the potential to transform the textile industry by providing hitherto unattainable levels of performance and aesthetics. This study reviews the current state of the art in nanofinishes for garment textiles, focusing on their many varieties, techniques, mechanisms, and applications. In addition, it addresses significant concerns such as sustainability and the environmental footprint, paving the way for a new era in textile manufacturing.
Strain Programming of Oxygen Octahedral Symmetry in Perovskite Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Park Yunkyu , Kang Seoung‐Hun , Song Jeongkeun , Hwang Sang Woon , Lin Shan , Ok Jong Mok , Yang Fazhi , Kim Hwangsun , Lupini Andrew R. , Yoon Mina , Yoon Sangmoon , Zhou Hua , Lee Ho Nyung
Published: November 2024

The collective rotations of oxygen octahedra play an important role in determining the physical properties of functional perovskite oxides. The epitaxial strain can serve as an effective means to modify the oxygen octahedral symmetry (OOS), i.e., oxygen octahedral rotation or tilt (OOR/OOT). However, the strain‐OOS coupling that may alter the details of the OOS, thereby the physical properties, has not been fully understood. In this work, it is demonstrated that epitaxial strain can not only induce a structural phase transition but also precisely tune the degree of OOR. The correlated metal CaNbO3, which is orthorhombic, is studied by growing as epitaxial thin films. By imposing epitaxial strain, it is found that the film undergoes a structural phase transition from orthorhombic to tetragonal upon fully straining (i.e., from a+b−b− to a0a0c−). In unstrained films, the octahedral rotation along the c‐axis is as large as 15.7° that can be tuned to 6.6° by strain. This finding offers a general approach to manipulating OOR/OOT via strain engineering in complex oxide heterostructures.
Bi‐Stable Metamaterials with Intrinsic Memory for Selective Wave Filtering Based on Frequency and Amplitude
Authors: Stenseng Nathan N. , Samak Mahmoud M. , Bilal Osama R.
Published: November 2024

Analytical, numerical, and experimental methods are used to investigate the utility of metamaterials in controlling harmonic waves based on both their amplitude and frequency. By programming the metamaterials to support bi‐stable configurations (i.e., two stable phases), the required conditions are elucidated for a transition wave (i.e., a topological soliton) to nucleate due to harmonic excitation, causing a phase change within our metamaterial. As each of these phases has its own unique transmission frequency range, such phase change is harnessed to control harmonic waves based on both their amplitude and frequency. As a demonstration of principle, a low/high‐pass filter is shown by tuning the same metamaterial to change phase; from transmission to attenuation and vice versa. In addition, phase transitions taking place while preserving the metamaterial's state of attenuation or transmission are shown. Such materials can continue their functionality (i.e., either attenuation or transmission of waves) while keeping a record of extreme events that can cause their transition (i.e., have memory). These metamaterials can be useful in the next generations of advanced and functional acoustic devices.
Black Phosphorus Tagged Responsive Strontium Hydrogel Particles for Bone Defect Repair
Authors: Liu Zhengwei , Zhang Hui , Gan Jingjing , Zhao Yuanjin , Wang Yongxiang
Published: November 2024

Hydrogel‐derived implants have proven value in bone tissue regeneration, and current efforts have concentrated on devising strategies for producing functional implants with desired structures and functions to improve therapeutic outcomes. Herein, a novel black phosphorus (BP) tagged responsive strontium (Sr) hydrogel particles are presented for bone defect repair. By applying microfluidic technology, Sr and carboxymethyl chitosan, and BP are integrated into poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAM) hydrogel matrix to generate such microparticles called pNBCSMs. Upon exposure to near‐infrared irradiation, the pNBCSMs experience volume shrinkage and provoke the extrusion of the incorporated Sr, ascribed to the photothermal conversion ability of BP and the thermosensitivity of pNIPAM. In vitro and in vivo experimental results reveal that pNBCSMs subjected to near‐infrared light display superior anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptotic, bacterial inhibitory, as well as osteogenesis‐promoting effects, thereby effectively improving defective cranial bone repair. These features suggest that the proposed pNBCSMs can be promising candidates for bone repair.
Quantum Machines Using Cu3$\mathrm{Cu}_{3}$‐Like Compounds Modeled by Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic in a Triangular Ring
Authors: Rojas Onofre , Rojas Moises
Published: November 2024

A theoretical study of an antiferromagnetically coupled spin system, specifically , characterized by a slightly distorted equilateral triangle configuration is presented. Using the Heisenberg model with exchange and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions, g‐factors, and an external magnetic field, three quantum machines are investigated using this system as the working substance, assuming reversible processes. For the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is significant at low temperatures (1K) under a perpendicular magnetic field (). Although only the compound is considered, since the compound behaves quite similarly. How MCE influences the Carnot machine, which operates as a heat engine or refrigerator when varying the external magnetic field is analyzed. In contrast, the Otto and Stirling machines can operate as heat engines, refrigerators, heaters, or thermal accelerators, depending on the magnetic field intensity. The results indicate that enhanced MCE broadens the operating regions for these machines, with the Otto and Stirling machines primarily functioning as refrigerators and accelerators. The corresponding thermal efficiencies are also discussed for all operating modes.
Iron‐Induced Localized Oxide Path Mechanism Enables Efficient and Stable Water Oxidation
Authors: Yao Bohan , Chen Yuting , Yan Yueying , Yang Yang , Xing Huanhuan , Xu Yanchao , Jiao Dongxu , Xing Zhicai , Wang Dewen , Yang Xiurong
Published: November 2024

The sluggish reaction kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the inadequate catalytic performance of non‐noble metal‐based electrocatalysts represent substantial barriers to the development of anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE). This study performed the synthesis of a three‐dimensional (3D) nanoflower‐like electrocatalyst (CFMO) via a simple one‐step method. The substitution of Co with Fe in the structure induces a localized oxide path mechanism (LOPM), facilitating direct O−O radical coupling for enhanced O2 evolution. The optimized CFMO‐2 electrocatalyst demonstrates superior OER performance, achieving an overpotential of 217 mV at 10 mA cm−2, alongside exceptional long‐term stability with minimal degradation after 1000 h of operation in 1.0 M KOH. These properties surpass most of conventional noble metal‐based electrocatalysts. Furthermore, the assembled AEMWE system, utilizing CFMO‐2, operates with a cell voltage of 1.65 V to deliver 1.0 A cm−2. In situ characterizations reveal that, in addition to the traditional adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) at isolated Co sites, a new LOPM occurred around the Fe and Co bimetallic sites. First‐principles calculations confirm the LOPM greatly reduced the energy barriers. This work highlights the potential of LOPM for improving the design of non‐noble metal‐based electrocatalysts and the development of AEMWE.
Terminal Fluorination Modulates Crystallinity and Aggregation of Fully Non‐Fused Ring Electron Acceptors for High‐Performance and Durable Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Liu Wenxu , Guo Wenjing , Fu Lulu , Duan Yuxin , Han Guoxin , Gao Jiaxin , Liu Huayi , Wang Yuxing , Ma Zaifei , Liu Yao
Published: November 2024

High dark current density (Jd) severely hinders further advancement of near‐infrared organic photodetectors (NIR OPDs). Herein, we tackle this grand challenge by regulating molecular crystallinity and aggregation of fully non‐fused ring electron acceptors (FNREAs). TBT‐V‐F, which features fluorinated terminals, notably demonstrates crystalline intensification and a higher prevalence predominance of J‐aggregation compared to its chlorinated counterpart (TBT‐V‐Cl). The amalgamation of advantages confers TBT‐V‐F‐based OPDs with lower nonradiative energy loss, improved charge transport, decreased energetic disorder, and reduced trap density. Consequently, the corresponding self‐powered OPDs exhibit a 40‐fold decrease in Jd, a remarkable increase in detectivity (D*sh), faster response time, and superior thermal stability compared to TBT‐V‐Cl‐based OPDs. Further interfacial optimization results in an ultra‐low Jd of 7.30×10‐12 A cm−2 with D*sh over 1013 Jones in 320–920 nm wavelength and a climax of 2.2×1014 Jones at 800 nm for the TBT‐V‐F‐based OPDs, representing one of the best results reported to date. This work paves a compelling material‐based strategy to suppress Jd for highly sensitive NIR OPDs, while also illustrates the viability of FNREAs in construction of stable and affordable NIR OPDs for real‐world applications.
Pyrolysis‐Free Synthesis of Synergistic Single‐Atom/Nanocluster Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Zhao‐Di , Han Ye , Wang Ying‐Ying , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Peng Peng
Published: November 2024

Constructing catalysts that simultaneously contain single atom/metal nanocluster active sites is a promising strategy to enhance the original catalytic behavior and accelerate the catalysis involving multi‐electron reactions or multi‐intermediates. Herein, the pyrolysis‐free synthetic method is developed to integrate single atoms and nanoclusters towards highly satisfactory catalytic performances for both acidic and alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis. The controllable pyrolysis‐free strategy allows the precise modulation of the active centers, realizing the optimization of the adsorption energy and the regulation of the synergistic active components. Specially, the as‐prepared catalysts with hybrid single‐atom/nanocluster sites exhibited superior catalytic activities for hydrogen evolution in both acidic and alkaline media with low over‐potentials at −10 mA cm−2 of 25 mV and 8.6 mV, respectively, combining with outstanding durability towards high current density and methanol poisoning. This work developed a universal synthetic strategy for the single atom/nanocluster synergy systems and addressed the superiority of hybrid single‐atom/nanocluster sites.
Bioinspired Synthesis of Cucurbalsaminones B and C
Authors: Zhang Mengqing , Wu Jingjing
Published: November 2024

Cucurbalsaminones B (1) and C (2) are two abeo‐cucurbitane triterpenoids with a unique 5/6/3/6/5‐fused ring system and exhibit potent multidrug resistance (MDR)‐reversing activity. Herein, we report the first synthesis of these two natural products, both of them were accomplished in 14 steps from commercially available inexpensive resource compound lanosterol. Key features of this synthesis include a biomimetic tandem Wagner–Meerwein type lanostane‐to‐cucurbitane rearrangement followed by a bioinspired photochemical oxa‐di‐π‐methane (ODPM) rearrangement to complete the skeleton construction and an Eosin Y photoinduced Barton‐McCombie deoxygenation to realize the challenging oxidation state adjustment of the sterically hindered C11 position.
Reduction of the Threading Dislocation Density in GaSb Layers Grown on Si(001) by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Gilbert A. , Graser K. , Ramonda M. , Trampert A. , Rodriguez J.‐B. , Tournié E.
Published: November 2024

The monolithic integration of III‐V semiconductors on Si emerges as a promising approach for realizing photonic integrated circuits. However, the performance and reliability of epitaxially grown devices on Si are hampered by the threading dislocation density (TDD) generated during the growth. In this study, the efficiency of a structure, combining III‐Sb‐based insertion layers and thermal annealing is evaluated, on the reduction of the emerging TDD in GaSb buffer layers grown on Si(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. the impact of the thickness, composition, and number of the insertion layers is extensively explored. Then a detailed study of the annealing cycles with different conditions is conducted. A record TDD in the low 107 cm−2 for a 2.25 µm GaSb buffer grown on Si(001) is ultimately demonstrated.
Associating cognitive abilities with naturalistic search behavior
Authors: Vuong Tung , Das Pritom Kumar , Ruotsalo Tuukka
Published: November 2024

Differences in cognitive abilities affect search behaviors, but this has mostly been observed in laboratory experiments. There is limited research on how users search for information in real‐world, naturalistic settings and how real‐world search behaviors relate to cognitive abilities. In this study, we investigated a wide range of behavioral data captured from real‐life search tasks, their association with users' cognitive abilities, and the potential for automatically inferring cognitive abilities from these data. Furthermore, we aimed to determine the data quantity and monitoring duration needed to effectively estimate cognitive abilities from naturalistic behavior. Twenty individuals with βvarying cognitive abilities participated in the experiments in which their everyday search behavior was continuously recorded for 14 days. Their cognitive ability was evaluated through standard tests conducted individually. Data consisted of over 800 h of monitoring, including 2022 queries extracted from 1,442,447 screen frames and associated operating system logs. Using these data, naturalistic search behaviors were associated with cognitive abilities, and predictive models were trained. The results showed that lower selective attention was found to be associated with longer dwelling on selected search results. Faster psychomotor speed and higher fluid intelligence were found to be associated with a greater amount of text read on selected pages. Predictive models exhibited small error rates in predicting cognitive abilities.
Adaptive distributed dynamic average consensus with prescribed performance
Authors: Zhao Xinyi , Yue Zenghui , You Ming , Tian Bailing , Han Bing , Liu Xu
Published: November 2024

A novel adaptive distributed estimation algorithm is developed for dynamic average consensus problem. The algorithm enables a group of agents to accurately track the average value of signals that are available locally to each agent. Unlike most of existing approaches that rely on error transformation techniques, our algorithm employs an adaptive‐gain based barrier function to simultaneously meet prescribed performance specifications of transient and steady state. It is both simple and easy to implement and is not dependent on bounded reference signals and their derivatives. Additionally, it can operate under less strict assumptions than those that assume absolute bounds on the signals. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed algorithm.
Community built on humility, curiosity and trust drives social change
Authors: Adams Rita Fuerst
Published: November 2024

What does it take for a social change organization to move from its strong, organic growth to an even more impactful planned, strategic growth? Social change organizations often begin with an innovative solution and they grow organically, maximizing growth with their own talents and resources. To make swing‐for‐the‐fences change, however, requires a community.
Polyoxovanadates as Effective Coating Materials for Layered Ni‐Rich Oxide Cathodes in Liquid‐ and Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Nascimento Nunes Barbara , Ibrahim Masooma , Zhang Ruizhuo , Zhao Wengao , Zhang Ziyan , Kondrakov Aleksandr , Brezesinski Torsten
Published: November 2024

Advanced coatings for improving the electro‐chemo‐mechanical stability of high‐capacity, layered Ni‐rich oxide cathode materials play an important role in modern battery technology. Vanadium‐based protective coatings are particularly promising owing to their ability to provide high ionic conductivity and their intrinsic robustness. In addition, diminishing or eliminating residual lithium through surface coating shows great promise in mitigating capacity loss and addressing associated challenges. Herein, we report on a strategic exploration of a facile coating approach for Ni‐rich LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 (NCM851005, 85 % Ni content) utilizing polyoxovanadate. Specifically, TBA3H3[V10O28] was applied due to its solubility in non‐aqueous media, avoiding H2O‐induced side reactions and achieving a more uniform surface coverage. The cycling performance of NCM851005 before and after modification was tested in conventional Li‐ion cells, as well as in all‐solid‐state batteries with a lithium thiophosphate superionic electrolyte. Our findings highlight the potential of polyoxovanadate‐derived protective coatings for improving the cyclability of Ni‐rich cathodes.
Development of Luminescent and Photosensitive Cellulose Microfibers From Palm Sprout Fibers: Antibacterial Efficacy and Dye Adsorption Potential
Authors: Vanitha Rajamani , Debnath Abhijit , Keerthi M. Mohana , Uchoi Julius , Subha Loganathan , Al‐Ansari Mysoon M. , Srinivasan P. , Kavitha Chandramohan
Published: November 2024

A key contemporary challenge is enhancing the value of agro‐industrial byproducts. Cellulose, the most abundant renewable resource, offers significant industrial potential due to its versatile properties. Produced in its pure form by various bacteria, cellulose is increasingly utilized in microscale and nanoscale fibers for composite reinforcement. In this study, cellulose microfibers were derived from palm sprout fibers through a series of treatments like pretreatment, high‐pressure hydrolysis in an autoclave, and bleaching. These fibers were then characterized using techniques such as UV spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and XRD. The study evaluated the antibacterial properties of the treated cellulose microfibers against both gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus (07%) and gram‐negative Escherichia coli (10%), finding higher effectiveness against E.coli. Additionally, the microfibers exhibited a lower EC50 value of 0.101 mg/mL, suggesting that although the microfiber extract is effective, the standard antioxidant is somewhat more potent. Adsorption studies revealed that the cellulose microfibers followed the Langmuir isotherm model, with a high determination coefficient of 0.998, and reached maximum dye adsorption for RB 160 within 120 min. In this adsorption study, 50 mg of dye was removed. These results indicate that the treated cellulose microfibers are a promising biosorbent for improving dye removal processes.
Validated Spectrofluorometric Assay for Folic Acid Determination in Pure and Pharmaceutical Forms via Basic Fuchsin Fluorescence Quenching
Authors: Qader Aryan Fathulla
Published: November 2024

A simple, specific, sensitive, rapid, and cost‐effective spectrofluorometric method for quantifying folic acid has been developed using basic fuchsin as a fluorescence quenching agent. This method relies on the quenching effect of folic acid on the inherent fluorescence of basic fuchsin, facilitated by their interaction in Britton–Robinson buffer solution at pH 9, leading to the formation of an ion‐associated complex. The decrease in fluorescence intensity of basic fuchsin was measured at 730 nm, with excitation at 365 nm. The method demonstrated a linear relationship (R2 = 0.9977) between the quenching fluorescence intensity (ΔF) and folic acid concentration over the range of 4–20 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.17 μg/mL. The method showed no significant interference from common excipients found in pharmaceutical tablets. The results obtained were in good agreement with those from high‐performance liquid chromatography, with no significant differences in precision or accuracy. This spectrofluorimetric method was successfully applied to determine the folic acid content in various commercial pharmaceutical tablets.
Biodiversity risk and firm performance: Evidence from US firms
Authors: Bach Thang Ngoc , Hoang Khanh , Le Thanh
Published: November 2024

Biodiversity loss is considered as a critical global challenge with significant implications for ecosystems, economies, and societies. While the importance of biodiversity conservation is widely acknowledged, the extent to which biodiversity risk impacts firm performance remains an under‐explored area of research. This paper examines how biodiversity risk affects firm performance using a new measure of firm‐level biodiversity risk generated from textual analysis of firms' 10‐K reports. Our multivariate analysis shows that biodiversity risk significantly hinders performance of firms in the United States during the 2001–2021 period. The finding holds well after controlling various confounding factors, using alternative variable measurements, model specifications, and correcting for endogeneity problems in the biodiversity risk‐firm performance nexus. Besides decreasing sales growth and profitability, biodiversity risk increases in the cost of goods sold, as explained by the Cobb–Douglas production function. Interestingly, we find that the effect is stronger for firms in biodiversity‐sensitive industries, weaker for firms with more product innovation, and remains insignificant for firms with top‐tier performance. Our study provides policy and practical implications for businesses to mitigate biodiversity risk in this contemporary era of ecological degradation.