bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrological process simulation in Manas River Basin using CMADS
Authors: Gu Xinchen , Yang Guang , He Xinlin , Zhao Li , Li Xiaolong , Li Pengfei , Liu Bing , Gao Yongli , Xue Lianqing , Long Aihua
Published: October 2020

The inability to conduct hydrological simulations in areas that lack historical meteorological data is an important factor limiting the development of watershed models, understanding of watershed water resources, and ultimate development of effective sustainability policies. This study focuses on the Manas River Basin (MRB), which is a high-altitude area with no meteorological stations and is located on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, northern China. The hydrological processes were simulated using the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model (CMADS) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Simulated runoff was corrected using calibration/uncertainty and sensitivity program for the SWAT. Through parameter sensitivity analysis, parameter calibration, and verification, the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), adjusted R-square (

R

adj

2

{R}_{\text{adj}}^{2}

), and percentage bias (

PBIAS

\text{PBIAS}

) were selected for evaluation. The results were compared with statistics obtained from Kenswat Hydrological Station, where the monthly runoff simulation efficiency was

NSE

=
0.64

\text{NSE}\hspace{.25em}=0.64

,

R

adj

2

=
0.69

{R}_{\text{adj}}^{2}\hspace{.25em}=0.69

, and

PBIAS

=
–
0.9

\text{PBIAS}\hspace{.25em}=\mbox{--}0.9

, and the daily runoff simulation efficiency was

NSE

=
0.75

\text{NSE}\hspace{.25em}=0.75

,

R

adj

2

{R}_{\text{adj}}^{2}

= 0.75,

PBIAS

\text{PBIAS}

= −1.5. These results indicate that by employing CMADS data, hydrological processes within the MRB can be adequately simulated. This finding is significant, as CMADS provide continuous temporal, detailed, and high-spatial-resolution meteorological data that can be used to build a hydrological model with adequate accuracy in areas that lack historical meteorological data.
Flexural fatigue behavior of bamboo-based products
Authors: Ma Xinxin , Li Hui , Zehui Jiang , Fei Benhua
Published: October 2020

Bamboo-based products are increasingly used in structural engineering fields. Specifically, their application requires consideration of factors that affect their service life, such as the fatigue behavior. Bamboo-based materials, such as bamboo scrimber, have a high density and uneven stress distribution. These structural properties seriously affect the quality of the bamboo-based materials, and lead to increased fatigue. To solve this problem, the fatigue behavior of bamboo laminated veneer lumber (BLVL) was studied. BLVL was manufactured by arranging rolled and broomed bamboo bundles and hot-pressing. This study describes the flexural fatigue behavior of BLVL at different stress levels. The fatigue was characterized by the fatigue failure, the fatigue hysteresis loops, the energy loss, and stiffness degradation. The results demonstrated that the BLVL material had good fatigue-resisting performances. The fatigue life of BLVL under 80% stress level was estimated to be about 1,700,000 cycles. The main failure modes of the BLVL included fiber tearing, fiber pullout, fiber breakage, and fiber-matrix debonding. The total energy loss at higher stress levels was less than that at low stress levels. Higher stress levels corresponded to a larger drop in stiffness.
Effectiveness of nurse-led intervention on self-management, self-efficacy and blood glucose level among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Subramanian Sumathi Chinnasamy , Porkodi Arjunan , Akila Pandurangan
Published: October 2020

Background

This study assesses the effectiveness of nurse-led intervention on self-management, self-efficacy, and blood glucose level among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) attending diabetic Out patient department (OPD) in Sri Ramachandra Hospital, Chennai.

Methods

In this study, the experimental group received nurse-led intervention on video-assisted teaching regarding nature of the disease condition including, diet, medication, hand and leg exercises, home care management, for 30 mins. Then a demonstration of hand and leg exercise was done followed by return demonstration done by the participants. The participants in the control group did not receive nurse-led intervention; they received only routine care. On the 15th day, when the patients came for the first follow-up, posttest was conducted for both the experimental and control groups.

Results

There was a statistically considerable difference noted in self-management (t=29.639; p<0.001), self-efficacy (t=28.293; p<0.001), FBS (t=2.415; p<0.05), and PPBS (t=2.102; p<0.05) in the posttest among patients with Type 2 DM in the experimental group.

Conclusions

The study concluded that the nurse-led intervention through video-assisted teaching is an effective method to recover self-management and self-efficacy as well as reduce the fasting blood sugar and postprandial blood sugar among patients with Type 2 DM.
Problematising ‘Recovery’ in Drug Policy within Great Britain: A Comparative Policy Analysis Between England, Wales and Scotland
Authors: Klein Maike , Dixon Jeremy
Published: October 2020

Drug strategies in Great Britain emphasize the notion of recovery, with the concept being central in England, Wales and Scotland. There are however tensions, with recovery being defined differently across jurisdictions. In this study we address this dilemma by critically interrogating how the term recovery is represented, how these presentations are shaped and what effects are subsequently had. We applied an adapted version of Bacchi's What's the Problem Represented to Be? (WPR) policy analysis approach to the 2017 UK Drug Strategy, the 2008–2018 Welsh Drug Strategy and the 2008 Scottish Drug Strategy notions of service user responsibility; (b) recovery as ‘a problem of product quality’, shaped by the implicit notion of service provider responsibility and the disease model of addiction; (c) recovery as ‘a problem of service collaboration and teamwork’, underpinned by the bio-psycho-social model of addiction. We conclude that the problematisations found in GB’s current drug policies have the ability to shape the drug policy-making process which may limit mainstream knowledge of recovery, and thereby unintentionally contribute to a narrow understanding of how to effectively support the service user community in their recovery from problematic drug use.
Cervical elastography strain ratio and strain pattern for the prediction of a successful induction of labour
Authors: Strobel Marlit Karen , Eveslage Maria , Köster Helen Ann , Möllers Mareike , Braun Janina , de Santis Chiara , Oelmeier Kathrin , Klockenbusch Walter , Schmitz Ralf
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to introduce cervical strain elastography to objectively assess the cervical tissue transformation process during induction of labour (IOL) and to evaluate the potential of cervical elastography as a predictor of successful IOL.

Methods

A total of 41 patients with full-term pregnancies elected for an IOL were included. Vaginal ultrasound with measurement of cervical length and elastography and assessment of the Bishop Score were performed before and 3 h after IOL. The measured parameters were correlated to the outcome of IOL and the time until delivery.

Results

We observed an association between the strain pattern and the value of the strain ratio 3 h after IOL and a successful IOL (p=0.0343 and p=0.0342, respectively) which can be well demonstrated by the results after 48 h. In our study population the cervical length and the Bishop Score did not prove to be relevant parameters for the prediction of a successful IOL.

Conclusions

We demonstrated for the first time that the cervical elastography pattern after the first prostaglandine application can help predict the outcome of IOL.
Long term alterations of growth after antenatal steroids in preterm twin pregnancies
Authors: Braun Thorsten , Filleböck Vivien , Metze Boris , Bührer Christoph , Plagemann Andreas , Henrich Wolfgang
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To compare the long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone (ANS, ≤16 mg, =24 mg and >24 mg) in twins on infant and childhood growth.

Methods

A retrospective cohort follow up study among 198 twins after ANS including three time points: U1 first neonatal examination after birth and in the neonatal period; U7 examination from the 21st to the 24th month of life and U9 examination from the 60th to the 64th month of life using data from copies of the children’s examination booklets. Inclusion criteria are twin pregnancies with preterm labor, cervical shortening, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or vaginal bleeding, and exposure to ANS between 23+5 and 33+6 weeks. Outcome measures are dosage-dependent and sex-specific effects of ANS on growth (body weight, body length, head circumference, body mass index and ponderal index) up to 5.3 years.

Results

Overall, 99 live-born twin pairs were included. Negative effects of ANS on fetal growth persisted beyond birth, altered infant and childhood growth, independent of possible confounding factors. Overall weight percentile significantly decreased between infancy and early childhood by 18.8%. Birth weight percentiles significantly changed in a dose dependent and sex specific manner, most obviously in female-female and mixed pairs. The ponderal index significantly decreased up to 42.9%, BMI index increased by up to 33.8%.

Conclusions

ANS results in long-term alterations in infant and childhood growth. Changes between infancy and early childhood in ponderal mass index and BMI, independent of dose or twin pair structure, might indicate an ANS associated increased risk for later life disease.

Synopsis

First-time report on long-term ANS administration growth effects in twin pregnancies, showing persisting alterations beyond birth in infant and childhood growth up to 5.3 years as potential indicator of later life disease risk.
COVID-19 during pregnancy: an overview of maternal characteristics, clinical symptoms, maternal and neonatal outcomes of 10,996 cases described in 15 countries
Authors: Figueiro-Filho Ernesto Antonio , Yudin Mark , Farine Dan
Published: October 2020

The objective of this review was to identify the most significant studies reporting on COVID-19 during pregnancy and to provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and perinatal outcomes. Eligibility criteria included all reports, reviews; case series with more than 100 individuals and that reported at least three of the following: maternal characteristics, maternal COVID-19 clinical presentation, pregnancy outcomes, maternal outcomes and/or neonatal/perinatal outcomes. We included eight studies that met the inclusion criteria, representing 10,966 cases distributed in 15 countries around the world until July 20, 2020. The results of our review demonstrate that the maternal characteristics, clinical symptoms, maternal and neonatal outcomes almost 11,000 cases of COVID-19 and pregnancy described in 15 different countries are not worse or different from the general population. We suggest that pregnant women are not more affected by the respiratory complications of COVID-19, when compared to the outcomes described in the general population. We also suggest that the important gestational shift Th1-Th2 immune response, known as a potential contributor to the severity in cases of viral infections during pregnancy, are counter-regulated by the enhanced-pregnancy-induced ACE2-Ang-(1–7) axis. Moreover, the relatively small number of reported cases during pregnancy does not allow us to affirm that COVID-19 is more aggressive during pregnancy. Conversely, we also suggest, that down-regulation of ACE2 receptors induced by SARS-CoV-2 cell entry might have been detrimental in subjects with pre-existing ACE2 deficiency associated with pregnancy. This association might explain the worse perinatal outcomes described in the literature.
An iterative Markov rating method
Authors: Devlin Stephen , Treloar Thomas , Creagar Molly , Cassels Samuel
Published: October 2020

We introduce a simple and natural iterative version of the well-known and widely studied Markov rating method. We show that this iterative Markov method converges to the usual global Markov rating, and shares a close relationship with the well-known Elo rating. Together with recent results on the relationship between the global Markov method and the maximum likelihood estimate of the rating vector in the Bradley–Terry (BT) model, we connect and explore the global and iterative Markov, Elo, and Bradley–Terry ratings on real and simulated data.
I feel like and it feels like: Two paths to the emergence of epistemic markers
Authors: Brook Marisa
Published: October 2020

The collocation I feel like has attracted American media attention for reportedly being newly ubiquitous (Baker 2013, Smith 2015, Worthen 2016). While I have proposed that it is becoming an epistemic marker in North American dialects of English (Brook 2011: 65), I have made this prediction of (it) feels like as well. The present study artificially restricts the conventional envelope of variation to evaluate what distinguishes these two phrases in vernacular Canadian English. I feel like is the more frequent by far, but (it) feels like shows a specialization for metaphorical subordinate clauses rather than concrete ones. I interpret this as a case of persistence (Torres Cacoullos and Walker 2009). Before the arrival of the like complementizer, the only predecessors to ’(it) feels like were (it) feels as if and (it) feels as though, and both as if and as though have a preference for metaphoricality (Brook 2014). I feel like was also preceded by options with ’as if and as though, but counterbalanced with that and Ø, which prefer concrete subordinate clauses (Brook 2014). The results attest to the value to be found in (cautiously) conducting a microscopic study of a corner of the envelope of variation.
Analysis of expression and prognosis of KLK7 in ovarian cancer
Authors: Chen Erhua , Zhu Huifang , Yang Yue , Wang Ling , Zhang Jianhua , Han Yonghong , Liu Xiang
Published: October 2020

Background

Ovarian cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in female reproductive organs. Kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 7 is a secreted serine peptidase that is related to different cancer. To investigate the expression and significance of KLK7 in ovarian cancer.

Materials and methods

The expression of KLK7 in human ovarian cancer was evaluated by Oncomine and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database. Then the co-expression genes relevant to the KLK7 gene were analyzed by the Pearson correlation test. Finally, the impact of KLK7 on clinical prognosis was investigated in distinct subtypes of ovarian cancer patients by UALCAN database and Kaplan–Meier plotter database.

Results

It was found that the expression of KLK7 was higher in ovarian cancer compared with other types of cancer, such as gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. The expression of KLK7 was found to be increased in four various ovarian cancer data sets compared with the healthy tissues. In addition, upregulation of KLK7 expression was associated with age and cancer stage. Moreover, survival analysis revealed that higher KLK7 expression was negatively associated with progression-free survival.

Conclusion

Knowledge of the expression of KLK7 may be useful for better understanding the outcome in ovarian cancer patients.
On-chip broadband nonreciprocal light storage
Authors: Merklein Moritz , Stiller Birgit , Vu Khu , Ma Pan , Madden Stephen J. , Eggleton Benjamin J.
Published: October 2020

Breaking the symmetry between forward- and backward-propagating optical modes is of fundamental scientific interest and enables crucial functionalities, such as isolators, circulators, and duplex communication systems. Although there has been progress in achieving optical isolation on-chip, integrated broadband nonreciprocal signal processing functionalities that enable transmitting and receiving via the same low-loss planar waveguide, without altering the frequency or mode of the signal, remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate a nonreciprocal delay scheme based on the unidirectional transfer of optical data pulses to acoustic waves in a chip-based integration platform. We experimentally demonstrate that this scheme is not impacted by simultaneously counterpropagating optical signals. Furthermore, we achieve a bandwidth more than an order of magnitude broader than the intrinsic optoacoustic linewidth, linear operation for a wide range of signal powers, and importantly, show that this scheme is wavelength preserving and avoids complicated multimode structures.
Non-Hermitian and topological photonics: optics at an exceptional point
Authors: Parto Midya , Liu Yuzhou G. N. , Bahari Babak , Khajavikhan Mercedeh , Christodoulides Demetrios N.
Published: October 2020

In the past few years, concepts from non-Hermitian (NH) physics, originally developed within the context of quantum field theories, have been successfully deployed over a wide range of physical settings where wave dynamics are known to play a key role. In optics, a special class of NH Hamiltonians – which respects parity-time symmetry – has been intensely pursued along several fronts. What makes this family of systems so intriguing is the prospect of phase transitions and NH singularities that can in turn lead to a plethora of counterintuitive phenomena. Quite recently, these ideas have permeated several other fields of science and technology in a quest to achieve new behaviors and functionalities in nonconservative environments that would have otherwise been impossible in standard Hermitian arrangements. Here, we provide an overview of recent advancements in these emerging fields, with emphasis on photonic NH platforms, exceptional point dynamics, and the very promising interplay between non-Hermiticity and topological physics.
Crystal structure of 4-bromobenzaldehyde – complete redetermination at 200 K, C7H5BrO
Authors: Ndima Lubabalo , Cuthbertson Jarryd , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: October 2020

C7H5BrO, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 27.3992(18) Å, b = 3.9369(2) Å, c = 12.8006(8) Å, β = 103.504(2) Å, V = 1342.60(14) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0469, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1103, T = 200(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-((4-Aminophenyl)thio)acetic acid, C8H9NO2S
Authors: Maritz Marius , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: October 2020

C8H9NO2S, triclinic, P

1
¯

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.6909(5) Å, b = 7.9787(6) Å, c = 8.5551(6) Å, α = 80.065(3)°, β = 68.175(3)°, γ = 77.676(4)°, V = 412.01(5) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0263, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0784, T = 200(2) K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of tert-butyl (2′R,3R,3′R,4a′R,9a′S)-1-acetyl-5-chloro-3″-methyl-2,5″,9′-trioxo-1″-phenyl-1″,4a′,5″,9a′-tetrahydro-1′H,3′H,9′H-dispiro[indoline-3,4′-xanthene-2′,4″-pyrazole]-3′-carboxylate, C36H32ClN3O7
Authors: Li Wu-Wu , Gu Yuan-Zi , Cao Lei
Published: October 2020

C36H32ClN3O7, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 11.4608(5) Å, b = 12.1489(5) Å, c = 23.1684(7) Å, V = 3225.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0588, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1546, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of chlorido{hydridotris[3-,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl-κN3]borato}(3-,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl-κN)copper(II), C20H30BClCuN8
Authors: Fujisawa Kiyoshi , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: October 2020

C20H30BClCuN8, monoclinic,P21/c(no. 14),a = 17.1345(7) Å,b = 7.8207(2) Å,c = 19.0213(8) Å,β = 108.268(1)°,V = 2420.46(16) Å3,Z = 4,Rgt(F) = 0.0322,wRref(F2) = 0.0876,T = 184 K.
Crystal structure of benzylthiouronium chloride, C8H11ClN2S
Authors: Maritz Marius , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: October 2020

C8H11ClN2S, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 11.3126(6) Å, b = 8.3567(4) Å, c = 20.4130(11) Å, V = 1929.76(17) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0240, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0680, T = 200 K.
In-situ Polymerization of exfoliated structure PA6/organo-clay nanocomposites
Authors: Sun Yiming , Mei Jie , Hu Huan , Ying Jiru , Zhou Weiyi , Zhao Xipo , Peng Shaoxian
Published: October 2020

Montmorillonite (MMT) was modified with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) to obtain organomontmorillonite (OMMT) by stirring and pulsed ultrasonic mixing. Polyamide 6 (PA6)/OMMT nanocomposites were then prepared via in-situ polymerization.The resulting OMMT and PA6/OMMT nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results suggested that the OMMT interlayer distance was greatly increased to 3.13 nm due to CTAB being inter-calated into the MMT galleries. The OMMT interlayer distance was further enlarged to 10-20 nm during the polymerization process. The OMMT layers were exfoliated into nanoscale layers and uniformly dispersed in the molten ∈-caprolactam and PA6 matrix, and exfoliated structure nanocomposites were formed.
The Internal Structure of Perfective Adjectives: States and Blocking
Authors: Fábregas Antonio , Marín Rafael
Published: October 2020

The goal of this article is to discuss the nature of so-called perfective adjectives in Spanish (desnudo ‘naked,’ suelto ‘loose’). We do so through a discussion of the problem that participles are blocked by perfective adjectives in some contexts (Dejó la habitación {limpia / ∗limpiada} ‘He left the room {clean / ∗cleaned}). We will argue that perfective adjectives contain in their internal structure a StateP that can contextually be interpreted as a result state; this head has morphological, syntactic and semantic effects, and makes the structure spelled out by the perfective adjective identical to the one associated with a small participle, with the result that a principle of lexical economy blocks the participial morphology in situations where only the small participle is allowed.
The Use of the Glottal Stop as a Variant of /s/ in Puerto Rican Spanish
Authors: Mohamed Sherez , Muntendam Antje
Published: October 2020

This paper examines the glottal stop in word-final position as a variant of /s/ in Puerto Rican Spanish. Previous research (Tellado González 2007; Valentín-Márquez 2006) generally focused on the glottal stop in word-final position between vowels (e.g., /lasalas/ ‘the wings’). In this paper, we investigate the glottal stop not only in this context, but also in word-final position when preceded by a vowel and followed by a consonant (e.g., /lostakos/ ‘the tacos’), and in word-final position when preceded by a vowel and followed by a pause (e.g., /los takos#/ ‘the tacos’). Specifically, the effects of following segment, stress of the following syllable, gender, age, and English use and proficiency on glottal stop production were investigated. The data came from sociolinguistic interviews with 19 participants (8 female, 11 male; Age range: 18–63 years) from San Juan, Carolina, and Guaynabo. The results showed that the glottal stop occurred not only between vowels, but also when followed by a consonant or a pause. Additionally, the glottal stop appeared significantly more before stressed syllables. There were no significant effects of age or gender. Although the effects of English use and proficiency were not significant, we discuss the potential role that contact with English may play in glottalization rates.
The impact of orally administered gadolinium orthovanadate GdVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles on the state of phospholipid bilayer of erythrocytes
Authors: Tkachenko Anton , Onishchenko Anatolii , Klochkov Vladimir , Kavok Nataliya , Nakonechna Oksana , Yefimova Svetlana , Korniyenko Yevgen , Ryshchenko Igor , Posokhov Yevgen
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To assess the state of phospholipid bilayer of red blood cells (RBCs) in rats orally exposed to gadolinium orthovanadate GdVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles (VNPs) during two weeks using fluorescent probes − ortho-hydroxy derivatives of 2,5-diaryl-1,3-oxazole.

Methods

Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy: a study by the environment-sensitive fluorescent probes − 2-(2′-OH-phenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazole (probe O1O) and 2-(2′-OH-phenyl)-phenanthro[9,10]-1,3-oxazole (probe PH7).

Results

No significant changes are detected in the spectra of the fluorescent probes bound to the RBCs from the rats orally exposed to nanoparticles in comparison with the corresponding spectra of the probes bound to the cells from the control group of animals. This indicates that, in case of the rats orally exposed to nanoparticles, no noticeable changes in physico-chemical properties (i.e., in the polarity and the proton-donor ability) are observed in the lipid membranes of RBCs in the region, where the probes locate.

Conclusions

No changes in the physical and chemical properties of the erythrocyte membranes are detected in the region from glycerol backbones of phospholipids to the center of the phospholipid bilayer in the rats orally exposed to VNPs during 2 weeks.
On the Shoulders of Giants
Authors: Anger Katharina
Published: October 2020

In the wake of the closing of the MRI and its Brief Therapy Center, the author remembers its founders, Richard “Dick” Fisch, John Weakland, and Paul Watzlawick. Starting with Fisch's description of the beginning of the Center, the author goes on to describe his three kinds of interventions: planned, procedural, and of opportunity. Watzlawick's question about the disadvantages of change is given as an example of a procedural intervention and is explained with case examples. Weakland's many forms of challenging beliefs are presented as interventions of opportunity, and several case examples are given to illustrate this technique.
Altered Outer Hair Cell Mitochondrial and Subsurface Cisternae Connectomics Are Candidate Mechanisms for Hearing Loss in Mice
Authors: Perkins Guy , Lee Jeong Han , Park Seojin , Kang Mincheol , Perez-Flores Maria C. , Ju Saeyeon , Phillips Grady , Lysakowski Anna , Gratton Michael Anne , Yamoah Ebenezer N.
Published: October 2020

Organelle crosstalk is vital for cellular functions. The propinquity of mitochondria, ER, and plasma membrane promote regulation of multiple functions, which include intracellular Ca2+flux, and cellular biogenesis. Although the purposes of apposing mitochondria and ER have been described, an understanding of altered organelle connectomics related to disease states is emerging. Since inner ear outer hair cell (OHC) degeneration is a common trait of age-related hearing loss, the objective of this study was to investigate whether the structural and functional coupling of mitochondria with subsurface cisternae (SSC) was affected by aging. We applied functional and structural probes to equal numbers of male and female mice with a hearing phenotype akin to human aging. We discovered the polarization of cristae and crista junctions in mitochondria tethered to the SSC in OHCs. Aging was associated with SSC stress and decoupling of mitochondria with the SSC, mitochondrial fission/fusion imbalance, a remarkable reduction in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic Ca2+levels, reduced K+-induced Ca2+uptake, and marked plasticity of cristae membranes. A model of structure-based ATP production predicts profound energy stress in older OHCs. This report provides data suggesting that altered membrane organelle connectomics may result in progressive hearing loss.
INVESTIGATION OF BIOPLASTIC PROPERTIES DEVELOPED FROM ACRYLATE EPOXIDIZED SOYBEAN OIL THROUGH RING OPENING POLYMERIZATION PROCESS
Authors: Yu Hiew Ming , Gupta Arun , Gupta Ritu , Husain Saad Bala
Published: October 2020

Soybean oil is one of the major vegetable oils containing more than 99% of triglycerides

of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and has become an interesting source to produce

bioplastic. This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of bioplastic

developed by the acrylate epoxidized soybean oil through ring opening polymerization

process. The mechanical properties of the samples were characterized using Fourier

Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis and the physio-chemical

properties of the bioplastics were studied. In this study, the bioplastic made up from

soybean oil with the lowest glycerol concentration showed the best mechanical properties.
FACTORIAL ANALYSIS ON PROCESSING FACTORS FOR NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM CONTENTS IN MUSHROOM WASTE
Authors: Zainol Norazwina , Mohamed Ameen Muhammad Faiz , Abdul Rahman Sunarti , Rinalto Muhammad Adib , Muhammad Nor Nur Syahirah
Published: October 2020

The agriculture industry relies heavily on the use of bio-fertilizer and the main components in bio-fertilizer are nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K). Thus, a study was conducted to identify the N, P, and K contents in mushroom waste (MW). These components are numerous building blocks that plants need for healthy growth. Therefore, by increasing the N, P and K contents in MW, it can be utilized to produce high and better quality of bio-fertilizer. Five independent factors, i.e., aging of waste (fresh 0 day & aged 14 days), waste pH (7 & 8.5), composition [MW only & mixture of MW & spent medium (SM)], technique of drying (oven 50 °C & sunlight), and MW size (powder & cut) were the affecting factors on N, P, and K contents in MW. A 25-1 fractional factorial design was used to investigate the effect of the independent factors as well as the interaction factors on the N, P, and K contents. The N, P, and K contents were measured using HACH spectrophotometer. The objective of this research is to identify the best combination of processing factors. Some of the independent factors were shown to have significant effects on the N, P and K contents. The results showed that the most significant factor in N content are MW size and aging of waste, while for P and K contents are technique of drying and MW size. The best condition was identified to maximize the amount of N, P, and K contents in MW. The identified conditions were the MW aged for 7 days, MW size at powder form, waste pH at 7, drying under sun light and the composition MW only. Based on the proposed best condition the N (12.08 mg/L), P (3.04 mg/L), and K (8.09 mg/L) contents were achieved. The results show that fractional factorial design was suitable in investigating the effect of a large number of factors with a minimum number of  experiments.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF BACKWARD EXTRACTION MIXED REVERSE MICELLE OF AMOXICILLIN BY SURFACE RESPONSE METHODOLOGY (RSM)
Authors: Mohamad Aziz Siti Norazimah , Abdul Munaim Mimi Sakinah
Published: October 2020

One of important factor in reverse micelle extraction is backward transfer. It is important to investigate the favourable conditions for backward transfer from reverse micellar phase to an organic phase. The back extraction of amoxicillin was studied using mixed reverse micelle with combination sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) and TWEEN 85. Backward extraction was optimized via response surface methodology (RSM). For mathematical modelling, Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to studies the significant of independent variables: pH of stripping solution (5-8), KCl concentration (2.0 -16.0 g/L) and backward extraction time (5-35 minutes) on the response of the process. Optimized backward extraction for maximized final mass of amoxicillin extracted into aqueous were pH of stripping solution (6.58), backward time (19.8 minutes) and concentration of KCl (11.02 g/L) on the response of the process. Result showed that the experimental data was fitted well to a second-order polynomial model.
ASSESSMENT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA CAKE RESIDUES (MOCR) AS ECO-FRIENDLY BIO- COAGULANT
Authors: Zaid Aziz Qannaf , Ghazali Suriati , Ahmad Mutamim Noor Sabrina , Abayomi Olalere Olusegun , Abdurahman Nour Hamid
Published: October 2020

Inrecent times, the consumption of water for domestic and industrial use has been on an increasing trend with a rise in demand. Therefore, a need for a plant-based alternative of water treatment process at a lower cost using an environmentally friendly approach. Moringa olifeira is an example ogf the plant-based materials usually grown in developing countries with a natural coagulating property. In this study, the Jar test was conducted to evaluate the performance of Moringa olifeira cake residue (MOCR) as biocoagulant for the treatment of water for safe drinking. The result obtained showed the lowest turbidity, pH, TDS, and water conductivity value as 4.7 NTU (0.75 mg/L), 5.2 (2.5 mg/L), 40 ppm (1.0 mg/L), and 50us/cm (0.50 mg/L), respectively. Moreover, the standards COD and BOD values were less than the recommended Malaysian Standard of Water Quality of 250 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively. Hence, MOCR therefore is a potential source for plant-based coagulating agent for water treatment for domestic drinking water.
EFFECT OF SURFACTANT, SOLVENT AND STIRRING RATE ON THE SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES ENTRAPPED RIFAMPICIN
Authors: Zakaria Junaidi Bin , Abd Shukor Syamsul Rizal , Abdul Razak Khairunisak
Published: October 2020

In this study, silica nanoparticles entrapped with rifampicin has successfully been synthesized by using micelles entrapment approach. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of synthesis parameters; surfactant (Tween 80), solvent (water) and stirring rate on the particles size and distribution of silica nanoparticles entrapped rifampicin. The results showed that without surfactant, larger mean particles (176.4 nm to 207.70 nm) of silica nanoparticles were produced while uniform and smaller spherical particles sizes (42.37 nm -70.44 nm) were formed with the addition of surfactant. But, when the amount of surfactant increased from 3.0 g to 9.0 g, larger silica nanoparticles with uniform size and thinner walls were observed until critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactant equivalent to 11.0 g was reached. The effect of water content shows the particle size slightly increased from 55.92 nm to 56.99 nm when the water content was increased from 150 mL to 200 mL, and decreased rapidly from 56.99 nm to 18.55 nm as the amount of water was increased from 200 mL to 350 mL. Meanwhile, for the effect of stirring rate, the mean particles sizes were recorded in the range of 39.11 to 80.15 nm. The largest size was observed at the lowest stirring rate (120 rpm) and the smallest size was observed at the highest stirring rate (520 rpm). The significant effect of these synthesis parameters can be used in developing a rational basis in tuning the size of silica nanoparticles for drug delivery system.
Remediation of Oil and Gas Sewage Effluents Using Physical Treatments
Authors: Razali Mohd Najib , Anuar Amira Ermafiqka , Musa Musfafikri , Mohd Ramli Najmuddin
Published: October 2020

The industrial effluents from the oil and gas industry contain harmful contaminants that bring detrimental effects to the aquatic life and human population. The primary concerns are the high value of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), turbidity and heavy metal content such as ferum and copper in the effluents, which did not comply with the Environmental Quality Act (1974) Industrial Effluent (Regulations) 2009 of Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). This research aims to study the efficiency of natural bio-coagulants in treating the industrial effluent from the oil and gas industry. The industrial effluent sample was treated by using two natural biocoagulants F.A and F.B and three commercial treatment agents (bio-solvent, alum, and poly aluminium chloride (PAC)). Different beakers consisting of 7.5 wt% of each agent were added into 1.5 L of wastewater sample and left for a week without mechanical assistance. For the second stage, only F.A and alum were used during the experiment. By using five different weight percentages: 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, and 12.5%, the treatment agents were added into 100 ml of wastewater and left for a week without any mechanical assistance. Then, the samples were analyzed for each of the five parameters. The results showed F.A is the best agent in COD treatment, with 41% reduction; followed by alum with 36%, PAC with 26% and bio-solvent with 22% reduction, respectively. The obtained results also showed that F.A and alum are at optimum performances at 7.5 wt%. The F.A and alum efficiency are deteriorating when the dosage is below and above 7.5 wt%.
DYNAMIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF A PAIR OF MESHED SPUR GEARS
Authors: Hasan Md. Zahid , Islam Md. Mashrur , Mallik Avijit , Al Mamun Md. Abdullah , Chowdhury Foorkan , Limon Sheikh Saeed , Islam Anisul
Published: October 2020

Spur gears are the most well-known kind of gears used in hybrid vehicle’s power transmission. They have straight teeth, and are mounted on parallel shafts. In some cases, many spur gears are utilized without a moment's delay to make huge rigging decreases. In this paper how stress creates on a spur equip under various conditions and conditions and reenactments of a rigging system (two spur gears) is assessed by Ansys workbench. For this static structural and dynamic analysis modeling is utilized. A couple of spurs equip tooth in real life is by and large subjected to two sorts of cyclic stress: contact stress and twisting stress including bowing fatigue. The two stresses may not accomplish their greatest esteems at a similar purpose of contact fatigue. These sorts of failure can be limited by analysis of the issue amid the outline organize and making appropriate tooth surface profile with legitimate assembling strategies.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICRO-STRUCTURAL STUDY OF SINTERED ALUMINIUM METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES BY P/M TECHNIQUE
Authors: BEHERA RAJESH KUMAR , PANIGRAHI SARAT CHANDRA , SAMAL BIRAJENDU PRASAD , PARIDA PRAMOD KUMAR
Published: October 2020

Material world requires a strong research to produce a new class of materials having light weight, higher strength and better performances. This has been leads to investigate for high strength light weight alloy. The main objective in developing aluminium metal matrix composites is to provide enhanced characteristic performances and properties above the currently available materials.  Based upon the literature a new type of aluminium composite has been tries to develop which will offer attractive mechanical properties such as high strength, easy machinability, appreciable density, and low manufacturing cost etc. Aluminum powders of 99.55% purity and 325 mesh sizes are mixed with alloying metals like Copper, Magnesium, Silicon and Silicon Carbide powders in a precisely controlled quantity. During the process of powder metallurgy (P/M) product preparation, it was minutely observed to attain the maximum efficiency and accuracy. Aluminium (Al) is a light weight material but doesn’t possess a good strength. To achieve this, Copper (Cu), Silicon (Si), Magnesium (Mg) & Silicon Carbide (SiC) powders were blended with it at required proportions. The compaction was carried out with help of a C-45 steel die by power compaction press with a load of 150KN to 250KN. The obtained green products were sintered in a Muffle furnace to produce the final Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) product.
Socio-Economic and Environmental Risk Factors of Tuberculosis in Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Pratiwi Rita Dian , Pramono Dibyo , Junaedi Junaedi
Published: October 2020

This study discusses the dominant socio-economic and environmental risk factors for TB disease. The design of this study was a case-control study with 70 case samples and control with a contribution of n = 1. Variables from this study contacted personal, ventilation of the house, humidity, the temperature of the house, density of the house, kitchen, and family earnings. Multivariate data analysis uses multiple logistic regressions. The study notes that from 140 samples, 47% have basic education, and 30% are farmers. People who had a past of contact with TB cases were ten times more likely to contract TB than those who had no contacted (OR = 10.00; p <0.001). Personalities who live in poorly ventilated homes who have a risk of contracting TB are 2.2 times greater than those who live in homes with standard ventilation (OR = 2.20; p <0.018). The moisture increases the risk of TB by four times the low moisture (OR = 4.00; p = 0.001). Living in a house with a higher temperature of TB is 3.8 times higher than a lower temperature (OR = 3.80; p = 0.009). Living in a high population density of the house improves TB five times more than living in a lesser home (OR = 5.00; p <0.001). Kitchen gas enhances the risk of TB 2.5 times greater than gasless (OR = 2.50; p = 0.007). Low family earnings raise the risk of TB three times greater than high family earnings (OR = 3.00; p = 0.002). A past of contact, poorly ventilated homes, high humidity, hothouse temperature, population density, kitchen gas, and low family earnings, are risk factors for TB in Wonosobo, Central Java.
Knowledge and Attitudes with HIV/AIDS on Adolescent Behavior in Senior High School
Authors: Nyoko Yuneti Octianus , Hara Maria Kareri
Published: October 2020

In East Sumba 2016 there were 111 HIV / AIDS patients. Of that number, majority is 25-35 years old (51.4%) and the most is in Kambera District (28.8%). These studies are to know the relationships between knowledge and attitudes with HIV/AIDS behavior adolescent in senior high school in Kambera District, East Nusa Tenggara Regency. Crosssectional design. The samples are 132 students of Public Senior High School 1 Kambera, Christian Senior High School Payeti and Public Senior High School Vocational 5 Waingapu. The independent variables are knowledge and attitude and the dependent variable are behavior. Analised data use univariate, bivariate and multivariate. Majority of sample from Public Senior High School Vocational 5 Waingapu (37.9%), technical majors (37.9%), male (55.3%), 17 years old (50.8%), number of sources of information from one source (25.0%). Most of the students had less knowledge (68,9%), less attitude (63,6%) and less behavior (62,1%). Bivariate analysis showed good knowledge related 4 times to good behavior (PR=3,621;95% CI=2,341-5,601; p-value <0,001); good attitude related 3 times to good behavior (PR=3,111;95%CI=1,972-4,907;p-value <0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that knowledge was the most relationships with behavior (PR:8,659;95%CI: 3,315-22,618; p-value<0,001) and then attitude (PR:3.075;95% CI: 1,162 - 8,136;p-value 0,024). Schools, government and health services should improve students’ knowledge and students are more active in finding information about HIV/AIDS.
Collaboration Network Model of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control: Case Study in Subang District, Indonesia
Authors: Raharja Sam'un Jaja , Akhmad Dede
Published: October 2020

This study was conducted due to the increasing trend of people living with Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (HIV/AIDS) in Subang Regency, West Java Province. This phenomenon was marked by high population mobility. Thus, this study aims to analyze the network model for HIV/AIDS prevention and control in Subang Regency. In this study, a networking approach by collaboration was adopted using six dimensions, namely, governance, administration, organizational autonomy, mutuality, norms and leadership. A qualitative approach is applied to explain a dataset which was a collection of observation and in - depth interview and supported by secondary data from relevant informants who are involved in preventing and reducing HIV/AIDS in Subang Regency. These informants were the actors who represent government agents and non-government organizations. Result showed that all dimensions of collaboration occur on an iterative, cyclical and dynamic process. However, on a practical approach, this model is implemented on a linear and causality basis and can explain a system towards problem-solving and new values forming.
The Development and Initial Validation of the Indonesian HIV Social Stigma (I-HSS) Scale
Authors: Wilandika Angga , Sari Diah Nur Indah
Published: October 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) social stigma causes people living with HIV (PLWH) to cover their HIV status. Also, HIV social stigma makes PLWH afraid of seeking information and treatment. Thus, to eliminate the HIV social stigma, measuring tools are needed to obtain the social stigma of the disease. The study aims are to develop and assessed the validation of the instrument of HIV social stigma in society. The instrument was developed through a multi-stage process of item generations and psychometric test of the instrument consists of content validity, construct validity and reliability test. The HIV social stigma scale was distributed to a cross-sectional sample of people in several regions in West Java, Indonesia (n=125). The final version of the I-HSS scales contained 25 items grouped into three dimensions (ignorance, prejudice, and discrimination) with a five-point Likert scale to score each item. Reliability was adequate for most dimensions (Cronbach’s alpha 0,76 - 0,78). Thus, the I-HSS scale were moderately correlated with one other (r = 0,52 - 0,84). Therefore, the I-HSS scale suggest a reliable and valid tool to measure social stigma toward people living with HIV in the community.
Air Quality in Indoor and Characteristics of Workers with Sick Building Syndrome at Mall
Authors: Simatupang Putri Damayanty , Santi Devi Nuraini , Marsaulina Irnawati
Published: October 2020

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) was a healthproblem that caused by air polution, indoor air quality and a bad ventilation. In around the world,2.7 milions of people were dead because air polution in the room and this air polution source from ventilation (52%), tools in the room (17 %), outside the room (11%), the building material (3%), microorganism (5%) and others (12%). Mall was a public place with a close ventilation so it can influence the air quality and being the risk of SBS.The aim of this research was looking for correlation between air quality in the room and the characteristics of workerswith sick building syndrome (SBS).This research was an analytic with cross sectional design. The population was all of the workerwith 36 sample workers.Data analysis used univariat and bivariat.Result of this research showed the variabelswhich had correlationwith sick building syndrome are humidity, wind velocity, light intensity, age, and gender. The variables that had no correlation with sick building syndrome are temperature, microorganism quantity, duration of work and period of work.
El centauro y la cruz
Authors: Argüello Lacayo José
Published: October 2020

La vertiente religiosa de los cuentos de Rubén Darío es una de sus facetas menos explorada por la crítica; este ensayo demuestra la persistencia con que el poeta aborda en forma narrativa y simbólica cuestiones tan decisivas como la relación entre cristianismo y paganismo, razón y fe, ciencia y religión. Nutriendo sus cuentos de rica inspiración bíblica, Darío otorga en ellos un papel central al imaginario cristiano.
Aportes de la filosofía analítica a la construcción de sentido sobre el lenguaje religioso
Authors: Valencia Marín Estiven
Published: October 2020

El esfuerzo humano por la búsqueda del sentido de la existencia se inscribe en la práctica discursiva que las religiones exhiben no sólo de la situación existencial del hombre sino también de la experiencia de este con lo trascendente. De hecho, un lenguaje que expresa lo trascendente es básicamente intuitivo, sin embargo, la idea de carencia de significado para los contenidos de fe aconteció por boca de filósofos analíticos. De ahí que el presente artículo intente reproducir algunas consideraciones pro et contra de los contenidos de fe por parte de pensadores adscritos a la escuela analítica para luego enfatizar en una necesaria contribución de la filosofía en el tratamiento del lenguaje religioso.