bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Young Adult Female Cancer Survivors Recruited from a Population-Based Cancer Registry to Eligible Survivors
Authors: Howards Penelope P. , Mink Pamela J. , Kim Konny H. , Woodard Jill J. , Mertens Ann C.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Population-based cancer registries provide a resource to recruit young adult cancer survivors who may not be easily identified otherwise.

Methods:

We compared demographic and cancer-related characteristics of participants in a cohort of female young adult cancer survivors to those of eligible survivors in the Georgia Cancer Registry, a population-based registry in the United States. We examined associations between survivor characteristics and nonparticipation using logistic regression and associations between survivor characteristics and different types of nonparticipation (refusal, unable to contact, or unresolved vs. interviewed) using polytomous regression.

Results:

The Georgia Cancer Registry was able to contact 60% of eligible women (3,061/5,137). Of those, 78% agreed to study contact (n = 2,378), and of those, 56% were interviewed (n = 1,342). Participation was similar across age at contact and at diagnosis but varied across cancer type from 17% for cervical cancer to 32% for breast cancer. White women were slightly more likely to be interviewed (28%) than African American women (23%), which was mostly attributable to greater difficulty in contacting African American women (odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.5–2.1).

Conclusions:

The greatest challenge to recruiting women was contacting them, which differed across some but not all demographic and cancer-related characteristics. When successfully contacted, most survivors agreed to participate.

Impact:

Population-based cancer registries can serve as an invaluable resource to recruit representative samples of young adult cancer survivors, who are otherwise difficult to identify.
Preclinical Evaluation of B7-H3–specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Lichtman Eben I. , Du Hongwei , Shou Peishun , Song Feifei , Suzuki Kyogo , Ahn Sarah , Li Guangming , Ferrone Soldano , Su Lishan , Savoldo Barbara , Dotti Gianpietro
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The development of safe and effective chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has largely been limited by the concomitant expression of most AML-associated surface antigens on normal myeloid progenitors and by the potential prolonged disruption of normal hematopoiesis by the immunotargeting of these antigens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate B7-homolog 3 (B7-H3) as a potential target for AML-directed CAR T-cell therapy. B7-H3, a coreceptor belonging to the B7 family of immune checkpoint molecules, is overexpressed on the leukemic blasts of a significant subset of patients with AML and may overcome these limitations as a potential target antigen for AML-directed CAR-T therapy.

Experimental Design:

B7-H3 expression was evaluated on AML cell lines, primary AML blasts, and normal bone marrow progenitor populations. The antileukemia efficacy of B7-H3–specific CAR-T cells (B7-H3.CAR-T) was evaluated using in vitro coculture models and xenograft models of disseminated AML, including patient-derived xenograft models. The potential hematopoietic toxicity of B7-H3.CAR-Ts was evaluated in vitro using colony formation assays and in vivo in a humanized mouse model.

Results:

B7-H3 is expressed on monocytic AML cell lines and on primary AML blasts from patients with monocytic AML, but is not significantly expressed on normal bone marrow progenitor populations. B7-H3.CAR-Ts exhibit efficient antigen-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro and in xenograft models of AML, and are unlikely to cause unacceptable hematopoietic toxicity.

Conclusions:

B7-H3 is a promising target for AML-directed CAR-T therapy. B7-H3.CAR-Ts control AML and have a favorable safety profile in preclinical models.
How to Reduce the Risk of Arteriovenous Fistula Dysfunction by Observing Prepump Arterial Pressure during Hemodialysis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Sun Chun-Yan , Zhou Li-Fang , Song Li , Lan Li-Juan , Han Xiao-Wei , Zhang Guan-Rong , Mo Ya-Wen , Zheng Shu-Qian , Chen Ying-Gui , Fu Xia
Published: February 2021

Objective: Prepump arterial (Pa) pressure indicates the ease or difficulty with which the blood pump can draw blood from the vascular access (VA) during hemodialysis. Some studies have suggested that the absolute value of the Pa pressure to the extracorporeal blood pump flow (Qb) ratio set on the machine (|Pa/Qb|) can reflect the dysfunction of VA. This study was conducted to explore the impact of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction and to explore the clinical reference value of |Pa/Qb|. Methods: We retrospectively identified adults who underwent hemodialysis at 3 hospitals. Data were acquired from electronic health records. We evaluated the pattern of the association between |Pa/Qb| and AVF dysfunction during 1 year using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with restricted cubic splines. Then, the patients were grouped based on the results, and hazard ratios were compared for different intervals of |Pa/Qb|. Results: A total of 490 patients were analyzed, with an average age of 55 (44, 66) years. There were a total of 85 cases of AVF dysfunction, of which 50 cases were stenosis and 35 cases were thrombosis. There was a U-shaped association between |Pa/Qb| and the risk of AVF dysfunction (p for nonlinearity <0.001). |Pa/Qb| values <0.30 and >0.52 increased the risk of AVF dysfunction. Compared with the group with a |Pa/Qb| value between 0.30 and 0.52, the groups with |Pa/Qb| <0.30 and |Pa/Qb| >0.52 had a 4.04-fold (p = 0.002) and 3.41-fold (p < 0.001) greater risk of AVF dysfunction, respectively. Conclusions: The appropriate range of |Pa/Qb| is between 0.30 and 0.52. When |Pa/Qb| is <0.30 or >0.52, the patient’s AVF function or Qb setting should be reevaluated to prevent subsequent failure.
The Unique Role of 11-Oxygenated C19 Steroids in Both Premature Adrenarche and Premature Pubarche
Authors: Wise-Oringer Brittany K. , Burghard Anne Claire , O’Day Patrick , Hassoun Abeer , Sopher Aviva B. , Fennoy Ilene , Williams Kristen M. , Vuguin Patricia M. , Nandakumar Renu , McMahon Donald J. , Auchus Richard J. , Oberfield Sharon E.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Recent studies have shown 11-oxygenated androgens (11oAs) are the dominant androgens in premature adrenarche (PA). Our objective was to compare 11oAs and conventional androgens in a well-defined cohort of children with PA or premature pubarche (PP) and correlate these androgens with metabolic markers. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a university hospital. Fasting early morning serum steroids (including 11oAs) and metabolic biomarkers were compared and their correlations determined in children ages 3–8 years (F) or 3–9 years (M) with PA or PP (5 M and 15 F) and healthy controls (3 M and 8 F). Results: There were no differences between PA, PP, and controls or between PA and PP subgroups for sex, BMI z-score, or criteria for childhood metabolic syndrome. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) was elevated only in the PA subgroup, as defined. 11oAs were elevated versus controls in PA and PP although no differences in 11oAs were noted between PA and PP. Within the case cohort, there was high correlation of T and A4 with 11-ketotestosterone and 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione. While lipids did not differ, median insulin and HOMA-IR were higher but not statistically different in PA and PP. Conclusions: PA and PP differ only by DHEAS and not by 11oAs or insulin sensitivity, consistent with 11oAs – rather than DHEAS – mediating the phenotypic changes of pubarche. Case correlations suggest association of 11oAs with T and A4. These data are the first to report the early morning steroid profiles including 11oAs in a well-defined group of PA, PP, and healthy children.
The Association between Presence of Comorbidities and COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Honardoost Maryam , Janani Laila , Aghili Rokhsareh , Emami Zahra , Khamseh Mohammad E.
Published: February 2021

Aim: Several studies reported the accompaniment of severe COVID-19 with comorbidities. However, there is not a systematic evaluation of all aspects of this association. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between all underlying comorbidities in COVID-19 infection severity. Methods: Electronic literature search was performed via scientific search engines. After the removal of duplicates and selection of articles of interest, 28 studies were included. A fixed-effects model was used; however, if heterogeneity was high (I2 > 50%) a random-effects model was applied to combine the data. Results: A total of 6,270 individuals were assessed (1,615 severe and 4,655 non-severe patients). The median age was 63 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 49–74) and 47 (95% CI: 19–63) years in the severe and non-severe groups, respectively. Moreover, about 41% of patients had comorbidities. Severity was higher in patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease: OR 4.85 (95% CI: 3.11–7.57). The odds of being in a severe group increase by 4.81 (95% CI: 3.43–6.74) for a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This was 4.19 (95% CI: 2.84–6.19) for chronic lung disease and 3.18, 95% CI: 2.09–4.82 for cancer. The odds ratios of diabetes and hypertension were 2.61 (95% CI: 2.02–3.3) and 2.37 (95% CI: 1.80–3.13), respectively. Conclusions: The presence of comorbidities is associated with severity of COVID-19 infection. The strongest association was observed for cerebrovascular disease, followed by CVD, chronic lung disease, cancer, diabetes, and hypertension.
Mistaking Reversed Halo Sign with Cavity in Organizing Pneumonia: A Case Report
Authors: Almoshantaf Mohammad Badr , Almosli Mukhtar , Aljamali Ghanem
Published: February 2021

Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a rare inflammatory lung condition affecting bronchioles and alveoli. Symptoms may include cough, fever, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss with a wide variety of radiological manifestations. Both the unspecific symptoms and the radiological manifestations wide spectrum can make the diagnosis of OP challenging in daily practice. A pathological biopsy is a gold standard for diagnosis. However, there is usually a delay in making the diagnosis as a result of the time that is taken to decide to perform the biopsy. We present a case of OP in which its radiological manifestation first was mistaken for a cavity instead of the reversed halo sign (atoll sign) due to the similarity in some radiological features.
Antiemese: Die Neuerungen der ASCO-Guideline im Überblick
Authors: Link Hartmut
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To update the guideline to include new anticancer agents, antiemetics, and antiemetic regimens and to provide recommendations on the use of dexamethasone as a prophylactic antiemetic in patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). Methods: ASCO convened an Expert Panel and updated the systematic review to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of RCTs published between June 1, 2016, and January 24, 2020. To address the dexamethasone and CPI question, we conducted a systematic review of RCTs that evaluated the addition of a CPI to chemotherapy. Results: The systematic reviews included 3 publications from the updated search and 10 publications on CPIs. Two phase III trials in adult patients with non–small-cell lung cancers evaluating a platinum-based doublet with or without the programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab recommended that all patients receive dexamethasone as a component of the prophylactic antiemetic regimen. In both studies, superior outcomes were noted in the PD-1 inhibitor–containing arms. Other important findings address olanzapine in adults and fosaprepitant in pediatric patients. Recommendations: Recommendations for adults are unchanged with the exception of the option of adding olanzapine in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Dosing information now includes the option of a 5-mg dose of olanzapine in adults and intravenous formulations of aprepitant and netupitant-palonosetron. The option of fosaprepitant is added to pediatric recommendations. There is no clinical evidence to warrant omission of dexamethasone from guideline-compliant prophylactic antiemetic regimens when CPIs are administered to adults in combination with chemotherapy. CPIs administered alone or in combination with another CPI do not require the routine use of a prophylactic antiemetic. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines.
IOL Formula Constants: Strategies for Optimization and Defining Standards for Presenting Data
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra , Cayless Alan , Müller Michael , Eppig Timo , Schröder Simon , Fabian Ekkehart
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to present strategies for optimization of lens power (IOLP) formula constants and to show options how to present the results adequately. Methods: A dataset of N = 1,601 preoperative biometric values, IOLP data and postoperative refraction data was split into a training set and a test set using a random sequence. Based on the training set, we calculated the formula constants for established lens calculation formulae with different methods. Based on the test set, we derived the formula prediction error (PE) as difference of the achieved refraction from the formula predicted refraction. Results: For formulae with 1 constant, it is possible to back-calculate the individual constant for each case using formula inversion. However, this is not possible for formulae with >1 constant. In these cases, more advanced concepts such as non-linear optimization strategies are necessary to derive the formula constants. During cross-validation, measures such as the mean absolute or the root mean squared PE or the ratio of cases within mean absolute PE (MAE) limits could be used as quality measures. Conclusions: Different constant optimization concepts yield different results. To test the performance of optimized formula constants, a cross-validation strategy is mandatory. We recommend performance curves, where the ratio of cases within absolute PE limits is plotted against the MAE.
Terapia cognitiva baseada em mindfulness no atendimento clínico individual de depressão
Authors: Almeida Nazaré de Oliveira , Demarzo Marcelo , Neufeld Carmem Beatriz
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: estudo de casos múltiplos teve objetivo de avaliar a aplicabilidade do protocolo de grupo de um programa de 8 semanas de Terapia Cognitiva Baseada em Mindfulness adaptado para o atendimento clínico individual de pacientes com sintomas de depressão. Método: para o estudo de casos múltiplos, no qual 11 casos de pacientes com diagnósticode depressão leve à moderada submetidos à intervenção adaptada desse protocolo foram avaliados nos resultados de medidas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse e mindfulness.Resultados: indicaram redução significativa destes sintomas, bem como aumento de mindfulness na vida cotidiana. Conclusão: os benefícios da intervenção de Terapia CognitivaBaseada em Mindfulness podem se apresentar tanto no contexto de atendimento clínico grupal, bem como no individual. Neste estudo, Todos os participantes do estudo tiveram melhora significativa dos sintomas de depressão, bem como dos níveis de ansiedade e estresse, condizente com a os dados apresentados na literatura. É premente a necessidadede maior número de estudos desta natureza. Pesquisas futuras, especialmente as de natureza empírica, controlados e randomizados, consolidarão a validade externa dos resultados encontrados por estudos com a natureza como o deste.
Wikipedia citations: A comprehensive data set of citations with identifiers extracted from English Wikipedia
Authors: Singh Harshdeep , West Robert , Colavizza Giovanni
Published: February 2021

Wikipedia’s content is based on reliable and published sources. To this date, relatively little is known about what sources Wikipedia relies on, in part because extracting citations and identifying cited sources is challenging. To close this gap, we release Wikipedia Citations, a comprehensive data set of citations extracted from Wikipedia. We extracted29.3 million citations from 6.1 million English Wikipedia articles as of May 2020, and classified as being books, journal articles, or Web content. We were thus able to extract 4.0 million citations to scholarly publications with known identifiers—including DOI, PMC, PMID, and ISBN—and further equip an extra 261 thousand citations with DOIs from Crossref. As a result, we find that 6.7% of Wikipedia articles cite at least one journal article with an associated DOI, and that Wikipedia cites just 2% of all articles with a DOI currently indexed in the Web of Science. We release our code to allow the community to extend upon our work and update the data set in the future.
Hecataeus and the Origin of Wine
Authors: Kingsley K. Scarlett
Published: February 2021

Fragment 15 of Hecataeus’ Genealogies describes the origins of wine through a dog’s birth of the root of the grapevine. Scholars have interpreted this as Hecataeus’ toleration of the supernatural or as a case of rationalizing generatio in utero heterogeneo. This article reinterprets the role of the dog’s relationship to wine and argues that Hecataeus is exploiting a linguistic ambiguity to critique a traditional narrative on a celestial dog’s activity on the vintage.
Taking Air Passenger Rights Seriously: The Case Against the Exclusivity of the Montreal Convention
Authors: Bernard Nicolas
Published: February 2021

The 1999 Montreal Convention seeks to unify certain rules concerning the liability of air carriers in international air transport. This article highlights the problems that the exclusion of national rules in favour of a unified international legal regime poses from a consumer protection point of view. International trade regulation carries an inherent structural risk of bias in favour of industry rather than consumer interests. Drawing inspiration from international human rights law, the alternative of an inspired approach based on subsidiarity is put forward, which, instead of seeking rigid uniformity at international level, allows for the recognition of a complementary role for international, regional and national levels in protecting consumers. The feasibility of adopting such a perspective in interpreting the Montreal Convention is also considered.
Branopunten in Het Geologisch Onoerzoek van Oostelijk Centraal-Afrika
Authors: Van Den Haute Peter
Published: February 2021

Highlights in the geological research of central East Africa.

The present paper offers a general view of the geological history of central East Africa. It is meant to inform persons involved in all kinds of African research about the physical background of this enormous continent. As the text is intended for people with no specific training in the earth sciences, an extensive introductory part has been dedicated to the general principles and methods of historical geology. The principle of superposition and the meaning of a major unconformity are shortly explained. Also the significance of fossils and of radiometric dating is elucidated with respect to the reconstruction of geological history.

Further on a general outline is given of the great mountain belts of the African continent dating back from the earliest geological times (Precambrian), followed by a more detailed discussion of these belts in central East Africa. As to the younger structures of this region, attention has been focused on the large elongated furrow known as the East African rift. The major characteristics of this important feature in the earth's crust are described and its genesis is briefly discussed.
De Partnerkeuze in Modern Afrika
Authors: Dries Hugo
Published: February 2021

Partnerchoice in modern Africa

Partner choice in Africa was investigated in a modernization study. The research sample consisted of 275 adult males from the Zaïrean province of Shaba (university students, clerks, workmen and illiterate rurals). The sample was split up into two subgroups : the “moderns” and the “traditional”.

Our main research instrument was a series of 14 pictures, inspired on the Thematic Apperception Technique.

Traditionally, it was the father, or the family, who arranged marriage for the son. Modern young Africans more and more want to choose their partner on their own. This modern attitude leads to a number of conflict situations, because, on the one hand, Africans want to realise their partner choice by themselves, but on the other hand, they do not like to endanger their relationships with the family.
De Afrikaanse Roman en de Westerse Lezer. Probleemschets en Gevalstudie
Authors: Vermeulen Julien
Published: February 2021

African literature, like any other literature remote in space or time, can be approached in two different ways. We can read it from our own point of view and try to appreciate it with our own literary standards. We can also try to read it as it was experienced and appreciated by its immediate audience, which means by the African public at the time of publication.

Reactions given by a group of Dutch-speaking readers on a novel by E. Dongala clearly illustrate that the second approach is hardly achievable, however attractive it may seem. So we have to accept that every reading of an African literary work implies a serious degree of creative treason.
La Deuxieme Republique Rwandaise : Evolution, Bilan et Perspectives
Authors: Reyntjens Filip
Published: February 2021

The Second Republic Of Rwanda : Evolution, Balance And Perspectives

This paper provides a short survey and assessment of the political evolution of Rwanda since the inception of the Second Republic in 1973. After a period of de facto rule the country returned to constitutional government in 1978. A single party, the Revolutionary National Movement for the Development, had already been created by the military in 1975. The paper examines the constitution, the organisation of elections, political conflict and the respect for human rights and the rule of law. While the regime has achieved considerable successes, the paper argues that its level of institutionalisation remains limited and that its stability and achievements are essentially due to the personality of President Habyarimana.
La Croissance Urbaine au Zaire
Authors: Lootens-De Muynck M.T.
Published: February 2021

The Urban Growth in Zaire

The present paper retraces the hierarchy of the most important centers of Zaïre on the dates of 1956, 1970 and 1984. The distribution of the “rank and size rule” is log-normal in the colonial period and primate in the post-colonial period. The primacy of Kinshasa is growing in the last decennia, shown by the calculation of the “two-city and the five-city primacy index”.

In all the cities with the exception of Kolwezi, the strong demographic growth during the sixties and the early seventies has been slowed at present. Even in some cities the early famous rural versus urban migration became a mere story.
Congolese Children at the Congo House in Colwyn Bay (North Wales, Great-Britain), at the end of the 19th Century. Unpublished documents.
Authors: Etambala Zana Aziza , Bursaal K.U. Leuven
Published: February 2021

In the present study we like to focus the attention on the presence of Congolese children at the Congo House in Colwyn Bay (North Wales, Great-Britain) during the last decade of the 19th century.

The idea, which William Hughes conceived and which consisted of educating Congolese, in a first phase, and other African youth, in a second one, never received a just interest. The experiment of Hughes, a former baptist missionary, was a unique specimen for Great-Britain. Henry Morton Stanley and King Leopold II were a little bit involved in the successful start of this initiative.

But this article has particularly in view an identification of the Congolese boys and girls who frequented the ‘Congo House’!
Embodiment and Multisensory Perception of Synchronicity: Biological Features Modulate Visual and Tactile Multisensory Interaction in Simultaneity Judgements
Authors: Joly-Mascheroni Ramiro , Abad-Hernando Sonia , Forster Bettina , Calvo-Merino Beatriz
Published: February 2021

The concept of embodiment has been used in multiple scenarios, but in cognitive neuroscience it normally refers to the comprehension of the role of one’s own body in the cognition of everyday situations and the processes involved in that perception. Multisensory research is gradually embracing the concept of embodiment, but the focus has mostly been concentrated upon audiovisual integration. In two experiments, we evaluated how the likelihood of a perceived stimulus to be embodied modulates visuotactile interaction in a Simultaneity Judgement task. Experiment 1 compared the perception of two visual stimuli with and without biological attributes (hands and geometrical shapes) moving towards each other, while tactile stimuli were provided on the palm of the participants’ hand. Participants judged whether the meeting point of two periodically-moving visual stimuli was synchronous with the tactile stimulation in their own hands. Results showed that in the hand condition, the Point of Subjective Simultaneity (PSS) was significantly more distant to real synchrony (60 ms after the Stimulus Onset Asynchrony, SOA) than in the geometrical shape condition (45 ms after SOA). In experiment 2, we further explored the impact of biological attributes by comparing performance on two visual biological stimuli (hands and ears), that also vary in their motor and visuotactile properties. Results showed that the PSS was equally distant to real synchrony in both the hands and ears conditions. Overall, findings suggest that embodied visual biological stimuli may modulate visual and tactile multisensory interaction in simultaneity judgements.
A Fog Climatology at Abu Dhabi International Airport
Authors: Weston Michael , Temimi Marouane , Burger Roelof , Piketh Stuart
Published: February 2021

Fog has a significant effect on aviation and road transport networks around the world. The International Airport in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, experiences dense fog during winter months that affect operations at the airport. We describe the fog climatology at the airport using 36 years of aviation routine weather reports (METAR), an important long-term data source, and report on the number of fog days per year, the seasonal cycle, the diurnal cycle, and the duration of fog events. Fog days per year vary from 8 to 51, with a mean of ~23.91 days (standard deviation of 9.83). Events are most frequent from September until March, with December and January being the most active months. November, unexpectedly, has a low number of fog days, which appears to be due to a decrease in aerosol loading in the atmosphere. The most fog days experienced in one month is 13 (March 2004). Fog occurs any time from 1900 to 1100 local time, and the frequency increases as night progresses, peaking around sunrise. Fog events most frequently last 1 h or less. Events of 9 h or more were recorded in January and December, with the longest event lasting 16 h. Events are strongly dependent on the land–sea breeze and seldom form when the wind is blowing from the Arabian Gulf. The thickness of the nocturnal inversion layer increases up to about 500 m AGL on fog days as compared with 273 m AGL on clear-sky days. This study is the first to use the 36-yr dataset to characterize fog climatology at Abu Dhabi Airport.
Impact of the Indian Ocean Dipole on Evolution of the Subsequent ENSO: Relative Roles of Dynamic and Thermodynamic Processes
Authors: Yue Zhang , Zhou W. , Li Tim
Published: February 2021

The complex interaction between the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is further investigated in this study, with a focus on the impacts of the IOD on ENSO in the subsequent year [ENSO(+1)]. The interaction between the IOD and the concurrent ENSO [ENSO(0)] can be summarized as follows: ENSO(0) can trigger and enhance the IOD, while the IOD can enhance ENSO(0) and accelerate its demise. Regarding the impacts of IOD(0) on the subsequent ENSO(+1), it is revealed that the IOD can lead to anomalous SST cooling patterns over the equatorial Pacific after the winter following the IOD, indicating the formation of a La Niña–like pattern in the subsequent year. While the SST cooling tendency associated with a positive IOD is attributable primarily to net heat flux (thermodynamic processes) from autumn to the ensuing spring, after the ensuing spring the dominant contribution comes from oceanic processes (dynamic processes) instead. From autumn to the ensuing spring, the downward shortwave flux response contributes the most to SST cooling over the central and eastern Pacific, due to the cloud–radiation–SST feedback. From the ensuing winter to the ensuing summer, changes in latent heat flux (LHF) are important for SST cooling, indicating that the release of LHF from the ocean into the atmosphere increases due to strong evaporation and leads to SST cooling through the wind–evaporation–SST feedback. The wind stress response and thermocline shoaling verify that local Bjerknes feedback is crucial for the initiation of La Niña in the later stage.
Nostalgia and Biculturalism: How Host-Culture Nostalgia Fosters Bicultural Identity Integration
Authors: Petkanopoulou Katerina , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine
Published: February 2021

Individuals who have been exposed to and internalized two cultures vary in the degree to which they perceive their cultural identities as compatible (bicultural identity integration; BII). An experiment tested whether nostalgia, an emotion that is prevalent among bicultural individuals, influences BII and does so via acculturation orientation toward the host culture. Participants were originally from Greece, living in other European countries. We instructed them to recall nostalgic or ordinary events either from their host country or home country. We then assessed acculturation orientation and BII. We hypothesized and found that host-nostalgia increased BII both directly and indirectly via a more positive acculturation orientation toward the host culture. The findings extend the literature on factors that facilitate BII, and showcase the potential of nostalgia to improve biculturality.
Influence of ethanol–alkali mixture on the structure of chitosan fibers and film coatings
Authors: Dobrovolskaya Irina P. , Sudareva Natalia N. , Mayevskaya Ekaterina N. , Dresvyanina Elena N. , Ivan’kova Elena M. , Yudin Vladimir E.
Published: February 2021

Structural features of films and fibers obtained from mixtures of a chitosan solution in acetic acid with an ethanol and NaOH solution were investigated. Phase separation in the system that included chitosan, acetic acid, ethanol, NaOH and water was studied using scanning electron microscopy and time dependence of optical density. Optical densities of the mixtures were measured at λ = 330 nm. Structural studies involved two types of films: (a) the samples obtained from the mixtures of the chitosan solutions and various precipitants by lyophilization; and (b) the samples obtained by drying at room temperature. It was demonstrated that the most stable structure is formed upon the mixing of the chitosan solution with the ethanol–alkali mixture. Chitosan fibers prepared by wet spinning had the following characteristics: tensile strength σ = 188 ± 9.1 МPа; Young’s modulus E = 11.5 ± 0.6 GPа; tensile strain ε = 4.8 ± 0.6%.
Visuo-spatial mental imagery and geometry skills in school-aged children
Authors: Fastame Maria Chiara
Published: February 2021

The relationships between visuo-spatial abilities and geometry performances in school-aged children were examined. A battery of tests assessing non-verbal reasoning, visuo-spatial mental imagery, and academic achievement in geometry (i.e., geometric knowledge and geometric problem-solving competencies) was presented to 162 8-9.5-year-old pupils attending primary school. After controlling for age, significant associations were found between non-verbal reasoning abilities and knowledge in geometry (r = .31, p = .013) and geometric problem-solving skills (r = .35, p = .005), respectively. Similarly, using age as covariate, mental imagery abilities were significantly related to geometric knowledge (r = -.28, p < .001) and geometric problem-solving skills (r = -.24, p = .002), respectively. Furthermore, pupils with high visuo-spatial mental imagery abilities outperformed their peers with low visuo-spatial competences in the geometry tasks and further visuo-spatial abilities measure computed by their teachers. Finally, male participants showed better geometry skills than females.
Competing Sacred Spaces in the Dutch Republic: Confessional Integration and Segregation
Authors: Geraerts Jaap
Published: February 2021

In the Dutch Republic, the Reformed Church enjoyed the exclusive religious use of church buildings. Formerly, these churches had belonged to Catholics, who were forced to establish their own (semi-clandestine) places of worship known as schuilkerken or huiskerken. As such, Reformed Protestant and Catholics each had their own religious infrastructure and competing sacred spaces. Employing a comparative perspective and a conceptual distinction between churches as legal, sacred and social spaces, this article studies the myriad of relationships between Catholics, their former (parish) churches, and their schuilkerken. It argues that clandestine Catholic churches were never able to replace parish churches completely since the latter continued to be used by Dutch Catholics to exercise legal rights, express and forge social hierarchies, and at times even to practise their faith. While the existence of competing sacred spaces could cause confessional strife and signifies a degree of segregation, at the same time the enduring ties between Catholics and their former churches indicate a level of confessional integration in seventeenth-century Dutch society.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with multiple myeloma during carfilzomib treatment: in search of better management
Authors: Rago Angela , Siniscalchi Agostina , Tordi Attilio , Andrizzi Cristina , Campagna Selenia , Caravita di Toritto Tommaso
Published: February 2021

Background:

Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell dyscrasia accounting for 1% of neoplastic diseases and is the second most common hematologic malignancy after lymphoma. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by increased blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation and the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Increased resistance in the pulmonary vessels strains the right ventricle, leading to right heart failure.

Aim:

To report a case of a 65-year-old man who presented in 2017 with immunoglobulin G–kappa multiple myeloma characterized by pulmonary arterial hypertension during carfilzomib and dexamethasone treatment that resolved after stopping therapy.

Discussion:

Pulmonary arterial hypertension represents one of the main problems of carfilzomib and dexamethasone treatment, especially in patients with predisposing conditions such as hypertension. Therefore, monitoring and management of patients starting therapy with carfilzomib remains a critical issue. Although cardiac and vascular related adverse events were not frequent, a preemptive strategy prior to initiating carfilzomib appears advisable, particularly in patients at risk.

Conclusion:

The mechanism responsible for cardiac and vascular events during carfilzomib therapy is unclear. This case report highlights that it is important to define at baseline the appropriate screening of patients undergoing carfilzomib therapy with specific monitoring and symptom management and that future large prospective controlled studies are needed to define the correct monitoring strategy in refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma and the potential mechanism of vascular events.
The prevalence of migraine in Argentina: A reappraisal
Authors: Lisicki Marco , Figuerola María L , Bonamico Lucas , Lew Daniel , Goicochea María T ,   on behalf of the Headache Group of the Argentinian Neurological Society
Published: February 2021

Background

Argentina has one of the largest territories in the world, which spreads over a lengthy latitudinal span. Its population is mainly composed of a mixture of South American natives and the descendants of numerous waves of European immigrants. Results from a previous study suggested that the prevalence of migraine in Argentina is the lowest in the region. Here we aimed to reassess the prevalence of migraine in Argentina applying a more sensitive and specific screening tool.

Methods

We conducted a random computer assisted telephonic interview (n= 2500) using the Migraine Screen Questionnaire to evaluate the prevalence of migraine and some of its features among Argentinian adults.

Results

The overall prevalence of migraine was 9.5% (14% in females and 5% in males). Estimated migraine prevalence rates ranged between 6.3% and 12% across different regions. The approximated prevalence of high frequency and chronic migraine were 1.9% and 1.5% of the total population respectively. Consumption of analgesics on 10 or more days per month was reported by 18% of migraine sufferers (≈1.7% of the population).

Conclusions

The prevalence of migraine in Argentina is higher than previously reported. Prevalence rates vary extensively across the territory. Specifically evaluating the determinants of these variations might be a promising avenue of research.
A population-based survey for disabling headaches in Greece: Prevalence, burden and treatment preferences
Authors: Constantinidis Theodoros S , Arvaniti Chryssa , Fakas Nikolaos , Rudolf Jobst , Kouremenos Evangelos , Giannouli Ermioni , Mitsikostas Dimos D
Published: February 2021

Objective

To estimate the prevalence, burden and current treatment of disabling primary headaches in a large sample of the Greek population aged 18–70 years old.

Methods

This is an observational descriptive study, with cross-sectional design performed by quantitative computer-assisted telephone interviews, using a validated 37-item questionnaire for headaches. The prevalence, burden, and current treatment of primary headaches (ICHD-3) were recorded along with participants’ treatment preferences.

Results

Out of 10,008 interviewed participants, 1197 (12.0%) reported headaches affecting performance. The annual prevalence of migraine was 8.1% (95% confidence interval, 7.6–8.7, corresponding to 0.6 million Greeks), of chronic migraine 1.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.8–1.2, corresponding to 0.1 million), and of tension-type headache 3.8% (95% confidence interval, 3.4–4.2, corresponding to 0.3 million). The participants with headaches reported 0.5 headache-induced lost workdays per month (corresponding to 5.8 million lost workdays annually) and reductions in performance on 2.8 workdays per month (corresponding to 30.9 million workdays annually). In all, 43.4% of headache participants felt bad/ashamed because of headaches and 21.9% sought professional treatment, most often from a private neurologist. 83.8% of headache participants had never taken pharmacological prophylaxis, and only 5.5% were currently under preventative treatment. For both prophylactic and acute treatment, headache participants prefer oral medication to injection or stimulation devices.

Conclusion

More than 10% of the Greek adult population up to 70 years old experience disabling headaches, causing a dramatic work loss. More than 80% of these have never taken pharmacological prophylaxis. Thus, enriching the quality of life of people with headaches relies crucially on expanding awareness about headaches and their treatment.
« Arguments en faveur d’une recherche à l’interface Marketing-Finance » : commentaire
Authors: Morvan Jérémy , Le Gall-Ely Marine
Published: February 2021

L’objectif de ce papier est de commenter les propositions énoncées par Hanssens (2019). Pour chaque « insight », nous présentons les principaux éléments théoriques de la finance et discutons de la portée et des voies de recherche associées. Toutefois, nous considérons qu’une voie de recherche fertile concerne la définition de la figure de l’investisseur. En effet, si le marketing conçoit facilement que le consommateur est un acteur soumis à des biais, qui agit dans le cadre d’une rationalité limitée, la finance peine encore à définir l’investisseur comme un acteur économique soumis à des biais individuels et collectifs.
Transcranial Infrared Laser Stimulation Improves Cognition in Older Bipolar Patients: Proof of Concept Study
Authors: O’Donnell Courtney M. , Barrett Douglas W. , Fink Latham H. , Garcia-Pittman Erica C. , Gonzalez-Lima Francisco
Published: February 2021

This is the first study to examine if transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) improves cognition in older euthymic bipolar patients, who exhibit greater cognitive decline than is expected for age-matched controls. TILS is a non-invasive novel form of photobiomodulation that augments prefrontal oxygenation and improves cognition in young adults by upregulating the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme cytochrome-c-oxidase. We used a crossover sham-controlled design to examine if TILS to bilateral prefrontal cortex produces beneficial effects on cognition in 5 euthymic bipolar patients (ages 60-85). We measured cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, working memory, sustained attention and impulsivity with tasks that have been shown to differentiate between healthy older adults and older bipolar adults. We found TILS-induced improvements in cognitive performance on the tasks that measure cognitive flexibility and impulsivity, after 5 weekly sessions of TILS. We concluded that TILS appeared both safe and effective in helping alleviate the accelerated cognitive decline present in older bipolar patients.
‘We have come to be destroyed’: The ‘extraordinary’ child in science fiction cinema in early Cold War Britain
Authors: Tisdall Laura
Published: February 2021

Depictions of children in British science fiction and horror films in the early 1960s introduced a new but dominant trope: the ‘extraordinary’ child. Extraordinary children, I suggest, are disturbing because they violate expected developmental norms, drawing on discourses from both the ‘psy’ sciences and early neuroscience. This post-war trope has been considered by film and literature scholars in the past five years, but this existing work tends to present the extraordinary child as an American phenomenon, and links these depictions to adults’ psychoanalytical anxieties about parenthood and the family. This article, considering Village of the Damned (1960), Children of the Damned (1963), The Damned (1963), and Lord of the Flies (1963), will contend that the extraordinary child was British before it was American, and tapped as much into nuclear anxieties generated by the early Cold War as fears about the ‘permissive society’, especially given that many of these films preceded the peak of the ‘Swinging Sixties’ and were based on British science fiction of the 1950s. The ‘psy science’ that was dominant in these films was developmental psychology, not psychoanalysis. Moreover, adolescents as well as adults were key audiences for these films. Drawing on self-narrative essays written by English adolescents aged 14 to 16 between 1962 and 1966, I will demonstrate that this age group employed their own fears of nuclear war and their knowledge of psychological language to challenge adult authority, presenting a counter-narrative to adult conceptions of the abnormal and irresponsible ‘rising generation’.
Epidemiological features of HIV/AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa from 1990 to 2017
Authors: Shakiba Ebrahim , Ramazani Uosef , Mardani Ehsan , Rahimi Zohre , Nazar Zeinab Moradi , Najafi Farid , Moradinazar Mehdi
Published: February 2021

The growing trend of HIV/AIDS is a major concern in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions, as its incidence in the region has increased by 31% in the last decade. The study population in the countries of the MENA region included 21 countries with a population of approximately 400 million. The Global Burden of Disease database was used to calculate the number of HIV/AIDS cases. Modeling for each country is based on the availability and quality of data. The highest incidence rates of HIV/AIDS were in Sudan, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Tunisia, and Iran, respectively, and the highest mortality rates were in Sudan, UAE, Oman, and Morocco, respectively. The incidence, prevalence and mortality rates, as well as the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rate declined in 2017 compared to 1990. The highest percentage of changes in DALY rates was reported for Turkey, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Sudan, respectively, and the lowest for Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain. In general, unsafe sex had the highest impact on the DALY index in all countries in the region except Iran and Bahrain. Policymakers should therefore be encouraged to develop harm reduction programs for people living with HIV, and invest globally in reducing HIV prevalence rates in commercial sex workers, people who inject drugs, and men who have sex with men in the region, as well as eliminating mother-to-child HIV transmission.
Propensity score analysis methods with balancing constraints: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Li Yan , Li Liang
Published: February 2021

The inverse probability weighting is an important propensity score weighting method to estimate the average treatment effect. Recent literature shows that it can be easily combined with covariate balancing constraints to reduce the detrimental effects of excessively large weights and improve balance. Other methods are available to derive weights that balance covariate distributions between the treatment groups without the involvement of propensity scores. We conducted comprehensive Monte Carlo experiments to study whether the use of covariate balancing constraints circumvent the need for correct propensity score model specification, and whether the use of a propensity score model further improves the estimation performance among methods that use similar covariate balancing constraints. We compared simple inverse probability weighting, two propensity score weighting methods with balancing constraints (covariate balancing propensity score, covariate balancing scoring rule), and two weighting methods with balancing constraints but without using the propensity scores (entropy balancing and kernel balancing). We observed that correct specification of the propensity score model remains important even when the constraints effectively balance the covariates. We also observed evidence suggesting that, with similar covariate balance constraints, the use of a propensity score model improves the estimation performance when the dimension of covariates is large. These findings suggest that it is important to develop flexible data-driven propensity score models that satisfy covariate balancing conditions.