bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DezPatch zur Verbesserung der Termineinhaltung/DezPatch for improvement of the punctuality rate
Authors: Sauer Alexander , Bauer Dennis , Umgelter Daniel
Published: May 2022

Mit DezPatch wird ein dezentraler Dispatcher zur Verbesserung der Termineinhaltung in der komplexen Werkstattfertigung der Halbleiterindustrie vorgeschlagen. Vier Algorithmen zur Priorisierung von Produktionsaufträgen in Puffern vor Arbeitsstationen werden mittels diskreter Eventsimulation untersucht. Durch Berücksichtigung der Kennzahlen Flussgrad, Fertigstellungsgrad und Pufferreichweite kann neben der mittleren Termineinhaltung auch der mittlere Durchsatz verbessert werden.

 

DezPatch is a decentralised dispatcher to improve the punctuality rate of production jobs in the complex job shop of the semiconductor industry. Four algorithms for prioritising production dispatchment in buffers before workstations are examined by a discrete event simulation. By integration of the factors flow factor, degree of completion and buffer range, the average punctuality rate and the average throughput can be improved.
Regard sur la mise en œuvre effective d’un dispositif de médiation sociocognitive pour enseigner la recommandation d’une œuvre narrative à l’écrit au primaire 3e cycle
Authors: Forget Marie-Hélène , Thibeault Joël
Published: May 2022

Dans le cadre d’une recherche en cours, nous concevons un dispositif didactique qui actualise la démarche de médiation sociocognitive de Barth (2013) pour l’enseignement et l’apprentissage de l’écriture des genres textuels en classe de langue. Nous présentons dans cet article les résultats de la mise en œuvre effective d’une première version de ce dispositif qui a été utilisé pour enseigner l’écriture du genre « recommandation d’une œuvre narrative ». Lors de cette première phase, nous avons collaboré avec deux enseignantes de sixième primaire (l’une titulaire, l’autre d’anglais langue seconde) œuvrant en contexte de coenseignement dans un programme d’anglais intensif au Québec. Cette collaboration avait pour but d’élaborer une séquence didactique intégrant le dispositif didactique, puis de la mettre en œuvre en salle de classe. L’analyse des films de classe nous a permis de comparer la mise en œuvre effective du dispositif didactique à la démarche de médiation telle que présentée par Barth et d’en dégager les cohérences et les écarts avec ladite démarche. Ces résultats nous permettent également de présenter les apports de la démarche de médiation sociocognitive pour la conception du dispositif didactique et de proposer des ajustements inspirés de sa mise en œuvre.
The effect of facial occlusion on facial impressions of trustworthiness and dominance
Authors: Oliveira Manuel , Garcia-Marques Teresa
Published: May 2022

Recognizing the role that facial appearance plays in guiding social interactions, here we investigated how occlusions of the bottom-face region affect facial impressions of trustworthiness and dominance. Previous studies suggesting that different facial features impact inferences on these traits sustain the hypothesis that wearing a face mask will differently affect each trait inference. And specifically, that trustworthiness impressions will be more disrupted by this type of face occlusion than dominance impressions. In two studies, we addressed this possibility by occluding the bottom face region of faces that were previously shown to convey different levels of dominance and trustworthiness, and tested differences in the ability to discriminate between these trait levels across occlusion conditions. In Study 1 faces were occluded by a mask, and in Study 2 by a square image. In both studies, results showed that although facial occlusions generally reduced participants’ confidence on their trait judgments, the ability to discriminate facial trustworthiness was more strongly affected than the ability to discriminate facial dominance. Practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Metodologías cualitativas en la educación de las matemáticas: aportaciones de la ingeniería didáctica cooperativa y de los duales enfoques didáctico y ergonómico
Authors: Almouloud Saddo Ag , Afonso  Henriques
Published: May 2022

Este texto, de carácter teórico, pretende reflexionar sobre dos metodologías de investigación, la Ingeniería Didáctica Cooperativa y el Enfoque Dual Didáctico y Ergonómico, discutiendo principalmente sus fundamentos teóricos y procesos de construcción. Hemos organizado el texto en tres partes para facilitar una mejor visión de las ideas centrales de cada una. En la primera parte, abordamos la Teoría de la Acción Conjunta em las Didáctica que sustenta la conceptualización de la Ingeniería Didáctica Cooperativa. En la segunda parte, reflexionamos sobre los objetivos de la Ingeniería Didáctica Cooperativa y los criterios que sustentan los procesos de construcción, análisis, implementación, análisis de los resultados de esta implementación, rediseño, etc., de secuencias didácticas cuyo objetivo es la enseñanza y aprendizaje de un determinado contenido curricular prescrito o sugerido en una institución. El Enfoque Didáctico y Ergonómico Dual se discute en la tercera parte, centrándose, entre otros aspectos, en los cinco componentes fundamentales (cognitivo, mediático, institucional, personal y social) que sustentan los análisis de los hallazgos apoyados en esta perspectiva metodológica. El estudio muestra que, en una Ingeniería Didáctica Cooperativa, cada miembro del colectivo aprende por sí mismo, en base a sus hábitos de acción y sus conocimientos, así como por el desconocimiento que le revelará su relación con el otro. Además, la puesta en común de conocimientos en sus dimensiones de conocimiento experimental y conocimiento teórico puede contribuir al diseño de una nueva forma de articulación entre la investigación y la formación continua. El Enfoque Didáctico y Ergonómico Dual revela que las prácticas de enseñanza no pueden reducirse a la yuxtaposición de los cinco componentes mencionados anteriormente. La estabilidad, la complejidad y la coherencia se combinan, pues, con la evolución a largo plazo de la actividad en el curso de las situaciones de enseñanza con los alumnos.
La Didáctica de las Matemáticas: desde las primeras inquietudes con la enseñanza de las Matemáticas hasta su constitución como corpus teórico
Authors: Witt Claudia Maria , Panossian Maria Lucia
Published: May 2022

Este texto presenta el estudio teórico y bibliográfico realizado con el objetivo de identificar, a juicio de varios investigadores del área, las comprensiones sobre el significado atribuido a la Didáctica de las Matemáticas. Inicialmente, dirigimos nuestra mirada a los registros históricos que permitirían rescatar las primeras inquietudes con la enseñanza de las Matemáticas. Estos revelan las raíces del área de Didáctica de las Matemáticas, que se fortaleció a partir de la constitución del IREM en Francia y de la propuesta de teorización didáctica de Brousseau. Al mismo tiempo, se estaban realizando investigaciones en otros países que buscaban posibles soluciones a problemas relacionados con la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las Matemáticas. Estos y los desarrollados en el contexto francés se profundizaron y, con el tiempo, se difundieron. Realizamos un extracto de la investigación doctoral en curso y presentamos, en este texto, los entendimientos de algunos investigadores en el área investigada. Se identifica que el significado atribuido a Didáctica de las Matemáticas ha tomado dos posiciones: como sinónimo de Educación Matemática o como subárea, rama de la cual surge la disciplina de Didáctica de las Matemáticas insertada en alguna carrera de Licenciatura en Matemáticas.
Software IRaMuTeQ: una herramienta de ayuda en el Análisis Textual Discursivo
Authors: Martins Kaique Nascimento , Sarro Gomes Larissa Pinca , Corrêa de Paula Marlúbia
Published: May 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar cómo el software IRaMuTeQ puede ayudar en los procedimientos iniciales del Análisis Textual Discursivo, hasta la etapa de emergencia de categorías. Para ello, se utilizó un corpus textual compuesto por resúmenes (14 tesis y 63 disertaciones) que abordan la resolución de problemas en Educación Matemática, ubicado a través de una búsqueda en la Biblioteca Digital Brasileña de Tesis y Disertaciones y en el Catálogo de Tesis y Disertaciones de la CAPES. Los resultados mostraron que el software permite flexibilidad en los procedimientos iniciales del Análisis Textual Discursivo y ayuda a los investigadores a interpretar la información. Además, permite una visión amplia y organizada de los datos que emanaron del surgimiento de dieciocho categorías intermedias y en tres categorías finales, a través de diferentes formas de visualización. Si bien el software ofrece agilidad en los procedimientos de análisis inicial ligados a nuevas posibilidades de visualización, el investigador siempre es el responsable de realizar el análisis. En esta investigación, este hecho fue evidenciado por la cantidad de categorías intermedias que surgieron de las tres clases presentadas por el software.
Tesis en formato multipapel: lo develamiento de una posibilidad en la perspectiva fenomenológica de la investigación
Authors: Sousa Lins Mutti Gabriele de , Klüber Tiago Emanuel
Published: May 2022

Hablar del movimiento de construcción de una tesis implica hablar de investigación. La investigación, a su vez, dice de una acción de búsqueda intencional que tiene como objetivo sacar a la luz significados sobre un objeto de estudio. Considerando las diferentes formas en que se puede decir de un objeto de estudio, nos dedicamos, en este texto, a las posibilidades que surgen de la construcción de una tesis, desde la perspectiva fenomenológica de la investigación, en el formato Multipaper. Con este fin, nos dirigimos a las particularidades sobre el formato Multipaper presente en los documentos que rigen los programas de posgrado stricto sensu brasileños en las áreas de Educación y Enseñanza y a la literatura brasileña e internacional dirigida a este tema, buscando centrarse en sus aspectos epistemológicos y filosóficos. Destacamos que las discusiones esbozadas revelaron que la producción de una tesis Multipaper, desde la perspectiva fenomenológica, puede entenderse como constituida por momentos/artículos que, aunque puedan ser dados a conocer, es decir, publicados por separado, permanecen, en su génesis, dependientes de la cuestión que los establece y parte integrante de un todo más amplio, la tesis.
Una mirada a las condiciones sociohistóricas del surgimiento y demostración del teorema de incompletitud de Gödel en 1931
Authors: Fatima Batistela Rosemeire de
Published: May 2022

Este artículo expone las principales cuestiones que, a nuestro entender, movieron los esfuerzos de los matemáticos en el momento de la demostración del teorema de incompletitud de Gödel, buscando mostrar que las herramientas matemáticas disponibles hasta ese momento fueron fundamentales para la elaboración de la demostración de Gödel. Así, este texto aborda este resultado junto con otros teoremas de imposibilidad de las Matemáticas y destaca que la metamatemática era conocida por Gödel y que esto no estaba claro para los autores de las pruebas de imposibilidad de los problemas clásicos de la Antigüedad. Además, exponemos que las pruebas finitas y los sistemas formales completos requeridos en el programa de Hilbert no pueden existir. Se trata de un estudio teórico de carácter bibliográfico realizado desde la perspectiva de un enfoque cualitativo. En la dimensión personal, la demostración de incompletitud se construyó como consecuencia del deseo/necesidad de obtener el título de Privatdozent en la Universidad de Viena y el esfuerzo inicial por demostrar la consistencia del análisis que se transmutó en otros problemas. Finalmente, presentamos que este teorema fue demostrado en 1931 principalmente porque Gödel conocía la existencia de pruebas de imposibilidad, distinguía las matemáticas de las metamatemáticas y buscaba atacar un problema de consistencia de la aritmética que estaba relacionado con la aritmética de los campos de las Matemáticas.
Un movimiento formativo en Educación Matemática: el procedimiento fenomenológico a la hora de constituir y analizar datos
Authors: Orlowski Nelem , Ferreira Mocrosky Luciane
Published: May 2022

En este artículo abordamos la investigación cualitativa en Educación Matemática, enfatizando el enfoque fenomenológico como movimiento investigativo que tiene el potencial de orientar la actitud formativa de los docentes. Nos valemos de la constitución y análisis de datos de un estudio de doctorado profesional, para afirmar cómo se pueden dinamizar decisiones por procedimientos cualitativos y solicitar a los investigadores parcelas genuinas pertinentes a lo investigado. Concluimos explicando las articulaciones de la producción al analizar datos que revelan posibilidades para pensar la investigación cualitativa en Educación Matemática en una perspectiva formativa con direcciones a la enseñanza. Se destaca el término formativo porque, a diferencia de un formador, no prevé procedimientos sistemáticos antes de la constitución de los datos. También, se evidencia por emerger de los desafíos que provoca el involucramiento del indagador, el cual, a su vez, solicita que el investigador, a la luz de lo interrogado, esté abierto a escuchar a los participantes y los datos que se van produciendo. Al igual que la investigación, la constitución de los datos y sus respectivos análisis pueden contribuir a la comprensión de los educadores matemáticos sobre el cotidiano de la enseñanza escolar, como una acción cualitativa creativa en la que lo que mueve, y a la vez está en el centro, es el dar- cuenta de la acción misma y su análisis en las expresiones intencionales de quienes las actualizan.
Bioinspired tetraamino-bisthiourea chiral macrocycles in catalyzing decarboxylative Mannich reactions
Authors: Guo Hao , Ao Yu-Fei , Wang De-Xian , Wang Qi-Qiang
Published: May 2022

A series of tetraamino-bisthiourea chiral macrocycles containing two diarylthiourea and two chiral diamine units were synthesized by a fragment-coupling approach in high yields. Different chiral diamine units, including cyclohexanediamines and diphenylethanediamines were readily incorporated by both homo and hetero [1 + 1] macrocyclic condensation of bisamine and bisisothiocyanate fragments. With the easy synthesis, gram-scale of macrocycle products can be readily obtained. These chiral macrocycles were applied in catalyzing bioinspired decarboxylative Mannich reactions. Only 5 mol % of the optimal macrocycle catalyst efficiently catalyzed the decarboxylative addition of a broad scope of malonic acid half thioesters to isatin-derived ketimines with excellent yields and good enantioselectivity. The rigid macrocyclic framework and the cooperation between the thiourea and tertiary amine sites were found to be crucial for achieving efficient activation and stereocontrol. As shown in control experiments, catalysis with the acyclic analogues having the same structural motifs were non-selective.
A RASCH ANALYSIS OF PERCEIVED STIGMA OF COVID-19 AMONG NURSES IN INDONESIA QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: Falani Ilham , Iriyadi Deni , Wardani Ice Yulia , Susanti Herni , Nasuition Riska Amalya
Published: May 2022

This study is the first to investigate and validate the psychometric properties of the perceived stigma of the Covid-19 questionnaire among nurses in Indonesia. The respondents in the study were 2156 nurses from various regions in Indonesia (34 provinces), consisting of 613 males (28.4%) and 1543 females (71.6%). The number of nurses consisted of 300 respondents (13.9%) from the western region of Indonesia, 1825 respondents (84.6%) from the central region of Indonesia, and 31 respondents (1.4%) from the eastern region of Indonesia. The Rating Scale Model used to investigate the questionnaire's psychometric properties. The analysis results showed that the perceived stigma questionnaire met all the psychometric aspects (unidimensionality, item fit analysis, item validity, diagnostic rating scale, and reliability). Rasch Model analysis showed a value that meets all aspects measured criterion limit. Therefore, this perception stigma questionnaire can measure the perceived stigma of Covid-19 among nurses in Indonesia.
STUDY OF ATTITUDES FOR EDUCATIONAL INTERACTION IN A DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT IN A COVID-19 SITUATION
Authors: Tasevska Daniela , Ivanov Ivan
Published: May 2022

The publication presents and discusses the results of a scientific study, which has as a research priority the collection of information on the attitudes of employees in educational institutions for pedagogical interaction in the digital environment, in the situation of COVID-19. 1533 persons from four professional groups included in education were studied. The data from the stress sector found that over 65% of the respondents have good levels of stress resilience in the skills for adaptation to the emergency situation in terms of the presence of control in the situation, ability to manage time, preserved opportunities for concentration and lack of hopelessness. With regard to the anxiety sector, a low percentage of respondents from the four groups is reported, in which the presence of internal tension is registered, which does not depend on the type of settlement. In the motivation sector, a significantly optimistic tendency of perception was found on the part of the respondents, confirming relatively high levels of motivation for learning/teaching in the digital environment. At the level of emotional intelligence, a positive orientation is revealed among a large percentage of the respondents in the context of available mental resources or internal readiness for learning/teaching in the conditions of e-learning.
WELL-BEING AND PANDEMIC LOCKDOWN: THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, SELF-COMPASSION AND RUMINATION
Authors: Martskvishvili Khatuna , Lagidze Nato
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and its accompanying restrictions, apart from the destructive global economic and social impact, brought negative psychological consequences to the world. The aim of the current study is to investigate the factors that help individuals maintain psychological well-being under the condition of self-isolation, a global restriction against the spread of the pandemic. Specifically, the role of trait emotional intelligence, self-compassion, and rumination was explored in order to determine how these variables relate to psychological well-being. According to the results, trait emotional intelligence and self-compassion positively correlate with psychological well-being, while rumination is negatively correlated. Self-compassion mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and well-being. The relationship between rumination and well-being is affected by emotional intelligence and self-compassion: Self-compassion mediates the relationship between depression related rumination and well-being, while self-control and emotionality factors of trait emotional intelligence moderate the relationship between reflection rumination and well-being. The findings of the current study provide insight about self-compassion, rumination, and emotional intelligence as different contributing factors to the individuals’ well-being in self-isolation, suggesting further implications about the use of these strategies to help people cope with this stressful situation.
The role of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patient’s autonomy. A scoping review protocol
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS.UP), Delineau Valeska , Passos Ligia , Ferreira Ana Rita , Fernandes Lia
Published: May 2022

Review question / Objective: This scoping review study aims to identify, summarize, and appraise available literature regarding the role of (BPSD)/neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients’ autonomy with all types of dementia diagnoses. To accomplish this objective, this scoping review will address the following question: What is the role of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in the patient’s autonomy? This review will comprise the terms capacity, functional abilities, and competence in the autonomy concept. Background: Dementia is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by the development of multiple cognitive deficits and behavioral changes that interferes with multiple aspects of life, including cognition, daily functioning, and behavioral. With the progress of the disease, the patients lose their capacity, functional abilities, competence, and autonomy (Barbas & Wilde, 2001; Darby & Dickerson, 2017; Irastorza, Corujo, & Bañuelos, 2011; Lee, Jang, & Chang, 2019; Marson, 2013).
Оценка корреляции времени экспозиции триггера финального созревания ооцитов и эмбриологических показателей (LOTTA)
Authors: Шурыгина О.В. , Юхимец С.Н. , Тугушев М.Т. , Шипулин Н.А.
Published: May 2022

Актуальность: Современная практика вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ) базируется на персонифицированном подходе в рамках утвержденных клинических рекомендаций, что позволяет оптимизировать эффективность и безопасность процедур. В качестве ключевой инъекции цикла стимуляции используют триггер финального созревания ооцитов, время воздействия которого до сих пор остается спорным клиническим вопросом.

Цель: оценка корреляции времени экспозиции триггера финального созревания ооцитов и эмбриологических показателей (LOTTA).

Материалы и методы: Ретроспективное когортное одноцентровое исследование с участием 959 пациентов в возрасте от 18 до 40 лет (ЭКО/ИКСИ), у которых в качестве триггера финального созревания ооцитов применяли препарат р-ХГЧ.

Результаты: В среднем по выборке доля зрелых ооцитов MII составила 79%, частота дорастания до бластоцисты – 53%, что соответствует требованиям Венского консенсуса (2017). Ни в одном временном интервале анализируемые эмбриологические показатели не были ниже пороговых уровней, указанных в Венском консенсусе (2017). В целом по выборке была выявлена тенденция к получению большего количества зрелых ооцитов во временных интервалах 36 часов и более в сравнении с экспозицией 35 часов. По показателю частоты дорастания до бластоцисты в целом по выборке была выявлена клинически значимая разница с максимальными показателями в группе 36 часов.

Заключение: В нашем исследовании интервал экспозиции р-ХГЧ в 36 часов продемонстрировал наиболее высокие эмбриологические показатели доли зрелых ооцитов и частоты дорастания до бластоцисты.  Мы считаем целесообразным продолжить данную работу путем увеличения объема выборки с фокусом на группы с 35 и 37 часами экспозиции для подтверждения выявленных тенденций.
Эмбрионы носителей робертсоновской транслокации: закономерности наследования и межхромосомный эффект
Authors: Гусейнова К.А.
Published: May 2022

Актуальность: У носителей робертсоновских транслокаций хромосом существует риск самопроизвольных выкидышей и рождения детей с хромосомными патологиями из-за несбалансированного набора хромосом в их гаметах. Сравнительная геномная гибридизация (a-CGH) позволяет проводить комплексный скрининг на все хромосомы, что очень важно, учитывая частоту выявления у эмбрионов патологий,  не связанных со структурными хромосомными перестройками родителей (так называемый межхромосомный эффект).

Цель исследования – определение закономерностей наследования и межхромосомного эффекта у эмбрионов носителей робертсоновской транслокации.

Материалы и методы: Было обследовано 20 супружеских пар. В  20 циклах было пробиопсировано 82 бластоцисты, исследовано 54 бластоцисты. Скрининг на хромосомы проводили методом a-CGH с помощью системы сканирования микроматриц Agilent G5761A (Agilent).

Результаты: По результатам анализа а-CGH, 59% бластоцист дали аномальный результат, из них только 31% несли несбалансированную перестройку, связанную с родительской транслокацией. В результате проведенного преимплантационного тестирования из 20 исследованных супружеских пар две пациентки были сняты с программы по причине отсутствия эуплоидных эмбрионов. У 11 пациенток была зафиксирована клиническая беременность (79%), в одном случае беременность замерла, все 11 женщин благополучно родоразрешились. Частота имплантации и живорождения в этих циклах составила 81%. 

Заключение: С целью сохранения здоровья женщины и сокращения времени до наступления беременности здоровым ребенком, супружеским парам с транслокациями предлагается проведение программы ВРТ с ПГТ-А методом a-CGH.
Наступление беременности после ЭКО у cупруги пациента с немозаичной формой синдрома клайнфельтера: клинический случай
Authors: Онлас А.Р. , Безруков Р.В. , Карибаева Г.М. , Джусубалиев Н.М. , Гусейнова К.А. , Шишиморова М.С.
Published: May 2022

Актуальность: Синдром Клайнфельтера – врожденное генетическое заболевание лиц мужского пола, обусловленное наличием в мужском кариотипе дополнительной одной или более Х-хромосомы и отсутствием сперматозоидов в эякуляте (азооспермия). С появлением вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ) и внедрением в урологии микрохирургических операций, таких как микродиссекция семенников и извлечение сперматозоидов (microdissection testicular sperm extraction, micro-TESE), достижение беременности и рождение ребенка стало доступно для данной категории пациентов. По данным литературы, процент рождения здоровых детей у таких пациентов составляет 28% по миру, а общее их число уже более 150. В Казахстане подобные случаи ранее не были описаны в литературе.

Цель: представить клинический случай наступления беременности у супруги пациента с немозаичной формой cиндрома Клайнфельтера.

Методы: В статье описан клинический случай достижения беременности методом экстракорпорального оплодотворения, интрацитоплазматической инъекции сперматозоида ЭКО/ИКСИ с проведением преимплантационного генетического тестирования анеуплоидии (ПГТ-А) методом сравнительной геномной гибридизации (array-CGH) у супруги пациента с немозаичной формой cиндрома Клайнфельтера.

Результаты: На момент публикации статьи у супруги пациента с немозаичной формой cиндрома Клайнфельтера беременность маточная, одноплодная, прогрессирует и составляет 30-31 акушерских недель.

Выводы: Становление и развитие ВРТ, внедрение micro-TESE в урологии даёт возможность пациентам с генетическим заболеванием синдром Клайнфельтера стать биологическими отцами. Комплексный подход, включающий в себя современную микрохирургию, усовершенствованную технологию ВРТ и преимплантационное генетическое тестирование, наряду с благоприятным репродуктивным возрастом пациентов продемонстрировали успешный исхода наступления беременности в программе у пары с таким тяжелым мужским фактором бесплодия, как cиндром Клайнфельтера. Для дальнейшего изучения данной темы необходимо продолжение наблюдения за развитием беременности и последующим рождением здорового ребенка у супруги пациента с немозаичной формой cиндрома Клайнфельтера.
Harms and Benefits of Mammography Screening
Authors:   Swami Vivekanand Group of Institutes, Chandigarh-patiala highway, Ram Nagar, near Banur, distt. Patiala- 140601., Kosar Sumreen
Published: May 2022

Mammography is one of the most technically challenging areas of radiography, required high spatial resolution, excellent soft tissue contrast and low radiation dose. Mammography screening for breast cancer is worldwide available. Early detection of breast cancer through screening can lower breast cancer mortality rate and reduce the burden of this disease in the population, the benefits and harms of mammography screening have been debated in the past years. This review discuss the benefits and harms of mammography screening in light of findings from randomized trials and more recent observational studies performed in the era of modern diagnosis. The main benefit for mammography screening is reduces the risk of dying from breast cancer. Reduction vary from 15 to 20% in randomized trials to more recent estimates of 13 to 17% in analyses of observational studies. UK data of 2007 shows that for 1,000 women invited to biennial mammography screening for 20years to 50years age, 2-3 women’s are prevented from breast cancer. Main harm of mammography screening is the over diagnosis of breast cancer. 15 women’s over diagnosis for every 1000 women invited to biennial screening for 20 years from 50 years age. In an era of limiting health care services, screening services need to scrutinized and compared with each other regard to effectiveness, cost effectiveness and harms.
De steun voor dekolonisering in België in kaart gebracht: tussen politieke gevoeligheden en maatschappelijke aanvaarding
Authors: Brouwers Rowan , Verleye Zeger , Verheyen Pieter
Published: May 2022

Recent protests on the persisting influence of Belgium’s colonial past on contemporary society begs the question as to how we should understand the recent social movement around decolonization. Current research into postcolonial issues is predominantly qualitative and text-based. This research, however, takes a quantitative approach to investigate widely held attitudes among citizens. In doing so, it maps the attitudes in Belgian public opinion concerning decolonization measures relying on a representative survey conducted among the Belgian population (N = 1026). Based on attitudes of Belgian respondents, we propose a conceptual distinction between additive measures (whenever an addition is being made) and subtractive measures (which implies a removal). The data shows that there is no polarization on this issue in Belgium, but that the majority of the respondents are willing to support decolonization measures. Three sets of hypotheses on the effects of knowledge, age, and party preference are tested to examine these attitudes. Both knowledge and party preference have a significant influence on the support for decolonization in general, while age only has a significant effect for subtractive measures. The implication of this research is that there is a need for a dialogue between different approaches to study decolonization.Image by: EmDee https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mus%C3%A9e_royal_de_l%27Afrique_centrale_20.JPG
Integral Field Spectroscopy with the Solar Gravitational Lens
Authors: Madurowicz Alexander , Macintosh Bruce
Published: May 2022

The prospect of combining integral field spectroscopy with the solar gravitational lens (SGL) to spectrally and spatially resolve the surfaces and atmospheres of extrasolar planets is investigated. The properties of hyperbolic orbits visiting the focal region of the SGL are calculated analytically, demonstrating trade-offs between departure velocity and time of arrival, as well as gravity assist maneuvers and heliocentric angular velocity. Numerical integration of the solar barycentric motion demonstrates that navigational acceleration of

dv
≲
80

m

s

+
6.7

m

s

t

year

is needed to obtain and maintain alignment. Obtaining target ephemerides of sufficient precision is an open problem. The optical properties of an oblate gravitational lens are reviewed, including calculations of the magnification and the point-spread function that forms inside a telescope. Image formation for extended, incoherent sources is discussed when the projected image is smaller than, approximately equal to, and larger than the critical caustic. Sources of contamination that limit observational signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) are considered in detail, including the Sun, the solar corona, the host star, and potential background objects. A noise mitigation strategy of spectrally and spatially separating the light using integral field spectroscopy is emphasized. A pseudo-inverse-based image reconstruction scheme demonstrates that direct reconstruction of an Earth-like source from single measurements of the Einstein ring is possible when the critical caustic and observed S/N are sufficiently large. In this arrangement, a mission would not require multiple telescopes or navigational symmetry breaking, enabling continuous monitoring of the atmospheric composition and dynamics on other planets.
A Monte Carlo Method for Evaluating Empirical Gyrochronology Models and Its Application to Wide Binary Benchmarks
Authors: Otani Tomomi , von Hippel Ted , Buzasi Derek , Oswalt T. D. , Stone-Martinez Alexander , Majewski Patrice
Published: May 2022

Accurate stellar ages are essential for our understanding of the star formation history of the Milky Way and Galactic chemical evolution, as well as to constrain exoplanet formation models. Gyrochronology, a relationship between stellar rotation and age, appears to offer a reliable age indicator for main-sequence (MS) stars over the mass range of approximately 0.6–1.3 M
⊙. Those stars lose their angular momentum due to magnetic braking and as a result their rotation speeds decrease with age. Although current gyrochronology relations have been fairly well tested for young MS stars with masses greater than 1 M
⊙, primarily in young open clusters, insufficient tests exist for older and lower mass MS stars. Binary stars offer the potential to expand and fill in the range of ages and metallicity over which gyrochronology can be empirically tested. In this paper, we demonstrate a Monte Carlo approach to evaluate gyrochronology models using binary stars. As examples, we used five previously published wide binary pairs. We also demonstrate a Monte Carlo approach to assess the precision and accuracy of ages derived from each gyrochronology model. For the traditional Skumanich models, the age uncertainties are σ
age/age = 15%–20% for stars with B − V = 0.65 and σ
age/age = 5%–10% for stars with B − V = 1.5 and rotation period P ≤ 20 days.
Analytical Modeling of Exoplanet Transit Spectroscopy with Dimensional Analysis and Symbolic Regression
Authors: Matchev Konstantin T. , Matcheva Katia , Roman Alexander
Published: May 2022

The physical characteristics and atmospheric chemical composition of newly discovered exoplanets are often inferred from their transit spectra, which are obtained from complex numerical models of radiative transfer. Alternatively, simple analytical expressions provide insightful physical intuition into the relevant atmospheric processes. The deep-learning revolution has opened the door for deriving such analytical results directly with a computer algorithm fitting to the data. As a proof of concept, we successfully demonstrate the use of symbolic regression on synthetic data for the transit radii of generic hot-Jupiter exoplanets to derive a corresponding analytical formula. As a preprocessing step, we use dimensional analysis to identify the relevant dimensionless combinations of variables and reduce the number of independent inputs, which improves the performance of the symbolic regression. The dimensional analysis also allowed us to mathematically derive and properly parameterize the most general family of degeneracies among the input atmospheric parameters that affect the characterization of an exoplanet atmosphere through transit spectroscopy.
A Babcock–Leighton-type Solar Dynamo Operating in the Bulk of the Convection Zone
Authors: Zhang Zebin , Jiang Jie
Published: May 2022

The toroidal magnetic field is assumed to be generated in the tachocline in most Babcock–Leighton (BL)-type solar dynamo models, in which the poloidal field is produced by the emergence and subsequent dispersal of sunspot groups. However, magnetic activity of fully convective stars and MHD simulations of global stellar convection have recently raised serious doubts regarding the importance of the tachocline in the generation of the toroidal field. In this study, we aim to develop a new BL-type dynamo model, in which the dynamo operates mainly within the bulk of the convection zone. Our 2D model includes the effect of solar-like differential rotation, one-cell meridional flow, near-surface radial pumping, strong turbulent diffusion, BL-type poloidal source, and nonlinear back-reaction of the magnetic field on its source with a vertical outer boundary condition. The model leads to a simple dipolar configuration of the poloidal field that has the dominant latitudinal component, which is wound up by the latitudinal shear within the bulk of the convection zone to generate the toroidal flux. As a result, the tachocline plays a negligible role in the model. The model reproduces the basic properties of the solar cycle, including (a) approximately 11 yr cycle period and 18 yr extended cycle period; (b) equatorward propagation of the antisymmetric toroidal field starting from high latitudes; and (c) polar field evolution that is consistent with observations. Our model opens the possibility for a paradigm shift in understanding the solar cycle to transition from the classical flux transport dynamo.
Stable Mass Transfer Can Explain Massive Binary Black Hole Mergers with a High-spin Component
Authors: Shao Yong , Li Xiang-Dong
Published: May 2022

Recent gravitational-wave observations showed that binary black hole (BBH) mergers with massive components are more likely to have high effective spins. In the model of isolated binary evolution, BH spins mainly originate from the angular momenta of the collapsing cores before BH formation. Both observations and theories indicate that BHs tend to possess relatively low spins; the origin of fast-spinning BHs remains a puzzle. We investigate an alternative process that stable Case A mass transfer may significantly increase BH spins during the evolution of massive BH binaries. We present detailed binary evolution calculations and find that this process can explain the observed high spins of some massive BBH mergers under the assumption of mildly super-Eddington accretion.
Discovery of PSR J0523-7125 as a Circularly Polarized Variable Radio Source in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Wang Yuanming , Murphy Tara , Kaplan David L. , Klinner-Teo Teresa , Ridolfi Alessandro , Bailes Matthew , Crawford Fronefield , Dai Shi , Dobie Dougal , Gaensler B. M. , Graber Vanessa , Heywood Ian , Lenc Emil , Lorimer Duncan R. , McLaughlin Maura A. , O’Brien Andrew , Pintaldi Sergio , Pritchard Joshua , Rea Nanda , Ridley Joshua P. , Ronchi Michele , Shannon Ryan M. , Sivakoff Gregory R. , Stewart Adam , Wang Ziteng , Zic Andrew
Published: May 2022

We report the discovery of a highly circularly polarized, variable, steep-spectrum pulsar in the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) Variables and Slow Transients (VAST) survey. The pulsar is located about 1° from the center of the Large Magellanic Cloud, and has a significant fractional circular polarization of ∼20%. We discovered pulsations with a period of 322.5 ms, dispersion measure (DM) of 157.5 pc cm−3, and rotation measure (RM) of +456 rad m−2 using observations from the MeerKAT and the Parkes telescopes. This DM firmly places the source, PSR J0523−7125, in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). This RM is extreme compared to other pulsars in the LMC (more than twice that of the largest previously reported one). The average flux density of ∼1 mJy at 1400 MHz and ∼25 mJy at 400 MHz places it among the most luminous radio pulsars known. It likely evaded previous discovery because of its very steep radio spectrum (spectral index α ≈ −3, where S

ν
∝ ν

α
) and broad pulse profile (duty cycle ≳35%). We discuss implications for searches for unusual radio sources in continuum images, as well as extragalactic pulsars in the Magellanic Clouds and beyond. Our result highlighted the possibility of identifying pulsars, especially extreme pulsars, from radio continuum images. Future large-scale radio surveys will give us an unprecedented opportunity to discover more pulsars and potentially the most distant pulsars beyond the Magellanic Clouds.
An Assessment of the In Situ Growth of the Intracluster Light in the High-redshift Galaxy Cluster SpARCS1049+56
Authors: Barfety Capucine , Valin Félix-Antoine , Webb Tracy M. A. , Yun Min , Shipley Heath , Boone Kyle , Hayden Brian , Hlavacek-Larrondo Julie , Muzzin Adam , Noble Allison G. , Perlmutter Saul , Rhea Carter , Wilson Gillian , Yee H. K. C.
Published: May 2022

The formation of the stellar mass within galaxy cluster cores is a poorly understood process. It features the complicated physics of cooling flows, active galactic nucleus feedback, star formation, and more. Here we study the growth of the stellar mass in the vicinity of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in a z = 1.7 cluster, SpARCS1049+56. We synthesize a reanalysis of existing Hubble Space Telescope imaging, a previously published measurement of the star formation rate, and the results of new radio molecular gas spectroscopy. These analyses represent the past, present, and future star formation, respectively, within this system. We show that a large amount of stellar mass—between (2.2 ± 0.5) × 1010
M
⊙ and (6.6 ± 1.2) × 1010
M
⊙ depending on the data processing—exists in a long and clumpy tail-like structure that lies roughly 12 kpc off the BCG. Spatially coincident with this stellar mass is a similarly massive reservoir ((1.0 ± 0.7) × 1011
M
⊙) of molecular gas that we suggest is the fuel for the immense star formation rate of 860 ± 130 M
⊙ yr−1, as measured by infrared observations. Hlavacek-Larrondo et al. surmised that massive, runaway cooling of the hot intracluster X-ray gas was feeding this star formation, a process that had not been observed before at high redshift. We conclude, based on the amount of fuel and current stars, that this event may be rare in the lifetime of a cluster, producing roughly 15%–21% of the intracluster light mass in one go, though perhaps a common event for all galaxy clusters.
Effects of Pressure Anisotropy on the Geometry of Magnetic Flux Rope
Authors: Teh Wai-Leong
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to examine the effects of pressure anisotropy on the geometry of magnetic flux rope using the newly developed two-dimensional magnetohydrostatic reconstruction associated with pressure anisotropy. A small-scale magnetic flux rope observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, in the magnetosheath reconnection outflow during an outbound magnetopause crossing, is demonstrated. At the center of the flux rope, the magnetic field strength was enhanced with decreasing plasma pressure. The entire flux rope was mostly occupied by the pressure anisotropy of p
⊥ > p
∥, where the subscripts ∥ and ⊥ denote the components parallel and perpendicular to the local magnetic field, respectively. The estimated aspect ratio of the width to the length of the flux rope from reconstruction was ∼0.326 for p
⊥ > p
∥ and ∼0.389 for isotropic pressure. By comparing the magnetic field map from the isotropic Grad–Shafranov reconstruction, the results show for p
⊥ > p
∥ that (1) the width of the flux rope is reduced, leading to a small aspect ratio of the flux rope, and (2) the circular field line of the flux rope is contracted. Moreover, an experiment is conducted for p
∥ > p
⊥ by exchanging p
⊥ and p
∥ of the flux rope, for which the isotropic pressure is less affected. The experimental results indicate that the effects of p
∥ > p
⊥ on the geometry of the flux rope are opposite to that of p
⊥ > p
∥. The overall finding may provide new insight into charged particle acceleration within magnetic flux ropes/islands in anisotropic plasmas.
A Misfired Outburst in the Neutron Star X-Ray Binary Centaurus X-4
Authors: Baglio M. C. , Saikia P. , Russell D. M. , Homan J. , Waterval S. , Bramich D. M. , Campana S. , Lewis F. , Eijnden J. Van den , Alabarta K. , Covino S. , D’Avanzo P. , Goldoni P. , Masetti N. , Muñoz-Darias T.
Published: May 2022

We report on a long-term optical monitoring of the neutron star X-ray binary Centaurus X-4 performed during the last 13.5 yr. This source has been in quiescence since its outburst in 1979. Our monitoring reveals the overall evolution of the accretion disk; we detect short-duration flares, likely originating also in the disk, superimposed with a small-amplitude (<0.1 mag) ellipsoidal modulation from the companion star due to geometrical effects. A long-term (∼2300 days) downward trend, followed by a shorter (∼1000 days) upward one, is observed in the disk light curve. Such a rise in the optical has been observed for other X-ray binaries preceding outbursts, as predicted by the disk instability model. For Cen X-4, the rise of the optical flux proceeded for ∼3 yr, and culminated in a flux increase at all wavelengths (optical–UV–X-rays) at the end of 2020. This increase faded after ∼2 weeks, without giving rise to a full outburst. We suggest that the propagation of an inside-out heating front was ignited due to a partial ionization of hydrogen in the inner disk. The propagation might have stalled soon after the ignition due to the increasing surface density in the disk that the front encountered while propagating outward. The stall was likely eased by the low-level irradiation of the outer regions of the large accretion disk, as shown by the slope of the optical/X-ray correlation, suggesting that irradiation does not play a strong role in the optical, compared to other sources of emission.
Characteristics of the Permanent Superhumps in V533 Herculis
Authors: Leichty McKenna , Garnavich Peter , Littlefield Colin , Boyle Rebecca , Mason Paul A.
Published: May 2022

We analyze two sectors of Transiting Exoplanet Sky Survey (TESS) photometry of the nova-like cataclysmic variable star V533 Her. We detect a periodicity consistent with the binary orbital period and estimate a revised value of 3.53709(2) hr. We also detect a strong signal near a period of 3.8 hr that we associate with positive superhumps. The superhump frequency varies over the TESS observations with the fractional difference between the superhump and orbital periods, ϵ, ranging between 0.055 ≤ ϵ ≤ 0.080. The superhump amplitude is correlated with its frequency such that the amplitude increases as ϵ decreases. Positive superhumps result from an instability that generates an eccentric accretion disk and ϵ is a measure of the disk precession rate in the binary rest frame. The observed correlation implies that as the disk precession rate slows, the disk eccentricity increases.
Effect of sea surface temperature on the growth performance of the thread herring Opisthonema libertate (Günther, 1868) in the southern Gulf of California
Authors: Zamora-Sarabia Francia Kesia Gemima , Arreguín-Sánchez Francisco , De Anda-Montañez Juan Antonio , Jacob-Cervantes Mercedes Laura
Published: May 2022

The present study assessed the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) on the individual growth performance of the thread herring Opisthonema libertate in the southern Gulf of California. For the period from 1988 to 2017, based on monthly length-frequency information, the von Bertalanffy equation's growth parameters (L∞, K, and t0) were estimated annually. Annual values of the growth performance index Φ' were inversely related to the SST (P < 0.05). The values of K and L∞ corresponding to the modal value of the distribution of Φ' were taken as representative of the species, and the temperature change pattern function over time was incorporated as a forcing of the growth coefficient, K, in the growth model. Thus, it was possible to represent the yearly effect of SST on growth performance. These estimates are considered of great interest for future research because they directly influence the variability in allocating the number of individuals at different ages.