bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Economics of Diplomacy
Authors: Wen Xin
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyzes the ways that transregional travel invigorated the local economy in Dunhuang. Using pretravel contracts, stipulations of the Society for Long-Distance Travel, and private and official records of gift redistribution after the return of the travelers, the chapter shows that diplomatic travel was an essential part of the Dunhuang economy. Digging into economic and social documents—most notably, the large number of contracts found in the Dunhuang library cave#x2014;the chapter reveals to us an unfamiliar, sometimes even surprising world profoundly shaped by diplomacy on the Silk Road. It introduces people who self-funded their diplomatic journeys by selling their houses, who lost all they owned because of a failed trip, and who accrued a life-altering amount of wealth after a successful one. The chapter aims to explain their decisions and actions, and assess the economic impact they had. It examines if diplomatic connections have a significant, even structural impact on the economy of Dunhuang, and it answers this question by conducting a four-part examination.
The Kingly Exchange
Authors: Wen Xin
Published: September 2023

This chapter seeks to understand the actions of kings connected by the “King's Road.” It considers the kings of Eastern Eurasia whose desires animated this network. The chapter first discusses the material gains kings made through this diplomatic network. It shows that luxury goods that were exchanged as diplomatic gifts often went into the kings' private coffers rather than the state treasury, giving them a strong personal incentive to create and maintain the diplomatic network. Through the exchange of diplomatic travelers, the chapter chronicles that these kings also kept abreast of the news about other kings and states, and learned about the manner of rulership in other states. Focusing on this context of intense exchange among the Eurasian courts, the chapter unfolds the extraordinary expressions of kingly power, such as the Dunhuang kings' claim to be “emperors” and the Khotanese kings' claims to be “kings of kings of China.” This chapter argues that it was this pursuit of kingly glory, expressed in the acquisition of exotic goods, cultural capital, and political information, that motivated the kings of medieval Eastern Eurasia to participate in the diplomatic network described in this book.
The Human Evolutionary Transition
Authors: Enquist Magnus , Ghirlanda Stefano , Lind Johan
Published: September 2023

This book offers a unified view of the evolution of intelligence, presenting a bold and provocative new account of how animals and humans have followed two powerful yet very different evolutionary paths to intelligence. The book shows how animals rely on robust associative mechanisms that are guided by genetic information, which enable animals to sidestep complex problems in learning and decision making but ultimately limit what they can learn. Humans embody an evolutionary transition to a different kind of intelligence, one that relies on behavioral and mental flexibility. The book argues that flexibility is useless to most animals because they lack sufficient opportunities to learn new behavioral and mental skills. Humans find these opportunities in lengthy childhoods and through culture. Blending the latest findings in fields ranging from psychology to evolutionary anthropology, the book draws on computational analyses of the problems organisms face, extensive overviews of empirical data on animal and human learning, and mathematical modeling and computer simulations of hypotheses about intelligence. It demonstrates that animal and human intelligence evolved from similar selection pressures while identifying bottlenecks in evolution that may explain why human-like intelligence is so rare.
Challenges to the Evolution of Intelligence
Authors: Enquist Magnus , Ghirlanda Stefano , Lind Johan
Published: September 2023

This chapter explains how the world offers many resources to organisms, noting that obtaining resources is hard. It covers exploration that takes time, behavior that may have delayed consequences, and informative stimuli that are often mixed with noninformative ones. It also mentions animals that have evolved several solutions to challenges, such as learning by trial and error and learning from others. The chapter discusses the emergence of solutions with humans that couples cultural information with the capacity to think. It explores the transition from animal to human intelligence that can be understood by reasoning about sequences of behavior, sequences of information-processing steps, and sequences of stimuli.
Learning Behavioral Sequences
Authors: Enquist Magnus , Ghirlanda Stefano , Lind Johan
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses a simple yet powerful mental mechanism that may account for how animals learn most behavioral sequences. It refers to this mental mechanism as chaining, which is a term introduced by B.F. Skinner to describe a type of learning in which known behaviors or shorter sequences are linked to form new or longer sequences. The chapter also explains that chaining combines learning about the value of actions with learning about the value of stimuli. The chapter introduces modelling learning and behavior and presents a model of chaining called A-learning. It relates the model of chaining to observations of learning in nature and in the laboratory, emphasizing on phenomena that are usually interpreted as evidence of mental mechanisms other than associative learning.
Genetic Guidance of Learning
Authors: Enquist Magnus , Ghirlanda Stefano , Lind Johan
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on the necessity of genetic guidance for productive learning and explores how genetic predispositions can influence choice of behavior, exploratory tendencies, and what an animal learns about. It describes how genetic predispositions foster efficient behavioral adaptations, and limit what can be learned and can be maladaptive outside of a species' niche. It also highlights animals with weaker genetic guidance that learn under a wider array of circumstances but in turn increase learning costs. The chapter discusses the trade-off between learning efficiency and behavioral flexibility and considers how genes influence memory updates, decision making, and exploration. It also points out how natural selection typically acts to restrict behavioral flexibility in order to decrease learning costs.
Sources of Information
Authors: Enquist Magnus , Ghirlanda Stefano , Lind Johan
Published: September 2023

This chapter points out how decision making, whether in animals, humans, or machines, combines information about the present situation with information stored in memory. It surveys what information animals memorize and use, recalling that animals are often very skilled in using information from sense organs and internal stimuli. It also explores how animals extract from experience statistical information about the world and considers memories for specific events and specialized memory systems that only deal with certain kinds of information. The chapter highlights the importance of memory as a topic as the impressive memory abilities of animals indicate a sophisticated capacity to represent the external environment, which has been deemed incompatible with associative accounts of animal intelligence. It talks about specialized memories that can make an associative learning mechanism more capable without changing how it learns.
The Transition
Authors: Enquist Magnus , Ghirlanda Stefano , Lind Johan
Published: September 2023

This chapter argues that, during human evolution, a new, eventually more effective strategy has emerged to tackle combinatorial dilemmas. The chapter explores the evolutionary transition of relying on cultural knowledge rather than genetic knowledge, which has fundamentally changed human evolution. It also makes two claims about the human mental architecture: first, is that there are very marked mental differences between humans and other animals and, second, is that what sets humans apart from other animals is overwhelmingly learned rather than genetically determined. The chapter proposes that social input not only contributes to the development of behavioral skills, but it also results in the acquisition of mental skills that have evolved culturally. It attempts to unravel a complex feedback that exists between cultural evolution and human cognition.
Acquisition and Transmission of Sequential Information
Authors: Enquist Magnus , Ghirlanda Stefano , Lind Johan
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses in some detail the costs and benefits of various ways of transmitting sequential information. It includes social learning of behavioral sequences from observation, learning about sequential episodic and semantic information, transmission of sequential information through language, and teaching. It also points out how sequential information can be transmitted precisely through a symbolic code or language outside of its applied context. The chapter highlights the role of cultural evolution in shaping the acquisition and transmission of sequential information and in the use of such information. It looks at various mechanisms through which individuals can learn behavioral sequences by observing others.
No Return
Authors: Dorin Rowan
Published: September 2023

Beginning in the twelfth century, Jewish moneylenders increasingly found themselves in the crosshairs of European authorities, who denounced the evils of usury as they expelled Jews from their lands. Yet Jews were not alone in supplying coin and credit to needy borrowers. Across much of Western Europe, foreign Christians likewise engaged in professional moneylending, and they too faced repeated threats of expulsion from the communities in which they settled. This book examines how mass expulsion became a pervasive feature of European law and politics—with tragic consequences that have reverberated down to the present. The book traces how an association between usury and expulsion entrenched itself in Latin Christendom from the twelfth century onward. Showing how ideas and practices of expulsion were imitated and repurposed in different contexts, the book offers a provocative reconsideration of the dynamics of persecution in late medieval society. Uncovering the protean and contagious nature of expulsion, the book offers new perspectives on Jewish–Christian relations, the circulation of norms and ideas in the age before print, and the intersection of law, religion, and economic life in premodern Europe.
Canonizing Expulsion
Authors: Dorin Rowan
Published: September 2023

This chapter evaluates the Second Council of Lyon in 1274, where the assembled church leadership drew on French royal precedent in ordering all Christian authorities to drive foreign usurers from the lands under their jurisdiction. This conciliar decree—known by its incipit Usurarum voraginem (“The Abyss of Usury”)—universalized, at least in theory, the normative connection between usury and expulsion. Within the existing framework of canon law, only heretics had previously been subject to such a sweeping call for expulsion. The chapter argues that this widening of expulsion's reach owed even more to secular models—specifically Louis IX's recent ordinance—than it did to the church's internal traditions. More generally, the council's embrace of secular sanctions alongside the existing spiritual ones marked a significant escalation in the medieval church's campaign against usury. The chapter then looks at the crafting of the decree and the dissemination of the expulsion mandate during the course of the decades and centuries following its promulgation.
Emulating Expulsion
Authors: Dorin Rowan
Published: September 2023

This chapter assesses how Usurarum voraginem met with a swift response in the two kingdoms in which usury was already associated with expulsion: England and France. Over the course of three decades following the Lyonese decree, rulers on both sides of the Channel would draw inspiration from one another in further embracing expulsion and expanding its targets. Along the way, they reckoned with new questions: whose usury should be so punished, and by whom? Could expulsion be profitable, as it had been for Henry III of England, or did the demands of piety outweigh the appeal of profit, as with Louis IX? Departing from earlier practice, English royal rhetoric would soon condemn all Jews as usurers, while French measures against foreign usurers would broaden to encompass all Italian merchants within the realm. Although the histories of expulsions in both kingdoms have often been told separately, and the expulsions of Jews and foreign usurers have never been compared, analyzing all of these episodes alongside one another reveals shared precedents, patterns, and choices that otherwise remain obscured.
Ignoring Expulsion
Authors: Dorin Rowan
Published: September 2023

This chapter addresses the uneven ecclesiastical implementation of the Usurarum voraginem. For all the heated clerical rhetoric around the evils of moneylending, and notwithstanding the threat of severe sanctions for non-compliance, many bishops were reluctant to enforce expulsion within their dioceses—a finding that challenges persistent assumptions about the dynamics of the medieval church's campaign against usury. Through a series of case studies drawn from the Low Countries, the Rhineland, and Italy, the chapter explores the reasons for this widespread episcopal reluctance, as well as the continuing secular opposition to expulsion across most of western Europe. Secular stonewalling obviously played a major role in hampering the decree's enforcement. As medieval bishops knew all too well, ecclesiastical censures were often no match for lordly obstinacy. Ecclesiastical complicity was also at work. Many bishops profited directly from the presence of foreign moneylenders in their jurisdictions, while others depended on the ready supply of credit that they provided. Despite the severe automatic sanctions imposed by the decree, only a handful of bishops suffered any formal rebuke for their inaction.
Organizations in Historical Context
Authors: Haveman Heather A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses how organizations developed and why they are the fundamental building blocks of modern society. During the long, uneven process of modernization, communal institutions slowly gave way to associative institutions. The most important and numerous of these were organizations. In the early modern era, corporations were chartered by state authorities for social benefit, in the form of towns and cities, colleges and schools, missionary societies, hospitals, and other charitable organizations. Then for-profit business corporations appeared; they slowly became less required to benefit society and more allowed to focus on private gain. In reaction to the growing power of for-profit businesses, non-profit businesses appeared, along with unions and professional associations. Most recently, for-profit business forms that seek to balance profits with social and environmental benefits have begun to flourish. Finally, in private life, people came together in an increasing number of clubs, societies, and voluntary associations.
The Impact of Organizations on Society
Authors: Haveman Heather A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter outlines an agenda for organizational research that will reconnect it to the mainstream of the social sciences and to critical issues in public policy: a shift toward studying the multifaceted impacts of organizations on society, rather than the impacts of society on organizations. Several such topics have already proven fruitful and could be taken much further. The chapter focuses on three: economic inequality, politics, and environmental degradation. Inequality within many societies has been rising for half a century, and access to democratic processes is in jeopardy in many countries. Moreover, climate change has already begun to ravage the globe, with devastating effects. All three phenomena are shaped by the actions of organizations. As such, they merit investigation by organizational theorists.
A Global Field Approach to Art and Culture
Authors: Buchholz Larissa
Published: September 2023

This chapter attempts to examine the complex dynamics that have led to the formation of the global field, illuminating its emergent structures, brokers, and some of its changing cultural practices. From this deepened historical perspective, the chapter sheds new light on a central debate among scholars of globalization—namely, if processes associated with globalization lead to increasing cultural homogeneity or diversity. The chapter explores whether or not the latest wave of globalization has challenged the one-sided dominance of cultural producers from a handful of Western countries that characterized the earlier international field. The chapter also investigates whether and why the most recognized artists have become more diverse while the art field's institutional context has globally expanded. It analyzes the making of global cultural canons and how the “intellectual creations of individual nations” could indeed melt into worldwide “common property.” The chapter steps back to understand the broader historical-institutional context in which valuations take shape, and how they play out. It pursues a complementary perspective on questions surrounding global art and its canons.
From an International Avant-Garde Market to a Global Commercial Subfield
Authors: Buchholz Larissa
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the international art market of the 1990s, suggesting that it was still dominated by avant-garde galleries oriented more readily around art rather than money. It analyzes the rise of a global art fair circuit, highlighting how art fairs not only extended galleries' geographic reach in unprecedented ways but also intensified the economic pressures they felt, transforming their rules of the game. The chapter also tracks the massive global growth of commercial auction houses for contemporary art in the twenty-first century. It then assesses the second tier of “beta” auction houses, showing how they similarly expanded into a worldwide interdependent space that has enabled a broader set of artworks to circulate and gain value across multiple markets. The chapter sheds light on the rise of online price databases. It discusses how they have contributed to global integration at the level of information flows but also how—like movements in the global stock market—they have installed a more heteronomous, financial logic in the global evaluation of artists and their careers. It then encapsulates how all of these developments operated in tandem to enable the emergence of a global subfield for art market exchange and competition, a process that fed into the growth of large-scale enterprises and greater heteronomization.
Cross-Border Valuation between Art Experts and the Market
Authors: Buchholz Larissa
Published: September 2023

This chapter highlights that questions of artistic recognition in a time of accelerated globalization involve a fundamental theoretical problem at the heart of the sociology of culture—namely, the construction of artistic value. It argues that the valuation of an artist's work (and that artist's related reputation) is shaped by the interaction of a variety of contextual factors. Some highlight the importance of the extent and nature of critical discourse in constructing artistic value. Others elaborate on these insights, underlining how discourse interacts with mediation networks or historically specific market exigencies. Within this line of scholarship, the chapter notes that Pierre Bourdieu's field's approach has offered a particularly influential model for studying valuation in artistic realms. The chapter then compares Bourdieu's original framework and this latter “market convergence model,” exploring the implications of both approaches for examining artistic careers and globalization's effects on the recognition of artists along the art–money spectrum. Refined by these insights, the chapter proposes an alternative model—a dual cultural world economy—that extends and synthesizes these previous approaches for examining global dynamics of recognition in a more differentiated light.
Diversity and Careers in a Dual Cultural World Economy
Authors: Buchholz Larissa
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores how globalization has affected the recognition of contemporary artists from around the world with regard to symbolic and market recognition. It draws on data from Artprice and ArtFacts.Net. As the chapter describes, these online platforms provide rankings that map the relative success of tens of thousands of artists in these two dimensions. The chapter explains that Artprice focuses on artists' economic success in the global auction market, based on their annual sales volume. The ArtFacts ranking, by contrast, tracks the visibility and recognition of artists in the global exhibition space. Yet, whereas Artprice uses a straightforward monetary logic, ArtFacts follows a more intricate approach. Although ArtFacts is not entirely free of limitations, the chapter highlights that it offers a fitting indicator for symbolic capital because it attempts to represent the evaluation of cultural mediators who do not have straightforward commercial orientations. The chapter notes that ArtFacts allows us to empirically explore the shifting global canons of contemporary art according to cultural mediators, distinguishing artists with charismatic consecration from those who lack the symbolic recognition that would enable them to make decisive moves in the globalizing culture game.
“Global Art” between Autonomyand Heteronomy
Authors: Buchholz Larissa
Published: September 2023

This chapter synthesizes key insights from the macro-, meso-, and micro-level analyses, providing an integrative picture of the emerging global art field and its divided economy. Similar to a Cubist painting, which portrays the same object from multiple perspectives, the chapter returns to the main puzzle at the center of this study and summarizes how the internally differentiated cultural economy has influenced the recognition of artists from different world parts—and, in this sense, cultural diversity—in contradictory and complex ways. The chapter singles out one specifically fascinating theoretical facet: the pronounced role that geography plays for field dynamics in a global context. It foregrounds how geographic situatedness, classifications, and meanings have become intertwined with the valuation of artists across borders in fundamental ways, which demands new understandings of artistic distinction and value beyond Bourdieu's mainly temporal parameters (e.g., new versus old, innovation versus tradition). The chapter then discusses how the global field model could be extended to other spheres of art and culture.
‘Kelompok Belajar Asyik’ Sebagai Upaya Membangkitkan Semangat Belajar Anak dan Mewujudkan Masyarakat Berintelektual Di Kampung Bengkulu Rejo
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Syaputra Muhammad Endi , Pramestu Dandi Bagas , Putri Desvi Lenais , Maharani Dinda , Kusuma Niken Tri , Kusuma Rissa Ade , Winarti Tri , Dasilva Veronika Aprilia
Published: September 2023

ABSTRAK Kegiatan ini dilatarbelakangi adanya keinginan mengembangkan kemampuan memotivasi belajar siswa UPT SD Negeri 01 Bengkulu Rejo, Kec. Gunung Labuhan, Kab. Way Kanan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan mengetahui keefektivan Kelompok Belajar Asik berdasakan usia dan jenjang kelas sehingga lebih lanjut dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menyelesaikan soal-soal pemecahan masalah. Selain itu, hal yang ingin dicapai oleh penulis adalah dapat memotivasi anak untuk dalam melakukan kegiatan secara mandiri dan percaya diri. Kegiatan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif model deskriptif eksplanatif yang bermaksud memberikan gambaran mendetail terkait program kerja Kelompok Belajar Asyik (KBA) selama pelaksanaan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) sebagai upaya untuk mewujudkan masyarakat, khususnya anak-anak di Kampung Bengkulu Rejo yang memiliki intelektual tinggi serta pemahaman tentang dunia pendidikan yang lebih mendalam. Bentuk penelitian adalah dengan menggunakan siklus, yang terdiri atas empat langkah, yaitu (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) pengamatan/observasi, dan (4) refleksi. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa melalui Kelompok Belajar Asik (KBA) mampu meningkatkan motivasi dan minat belajar, serta konsentrasi anak dalam menerima pelajaran di kelas meningkat. Kata kunci: Anak-anak, Bengkulu Rejo, Kelompok Belajar ABSTRACT This activity was motivated by the desire to develop the ability to motivate learning of UPT SD Negeri 01 Bengkulu Rejo students, Gunung Labuan District, Way Kanan District. This activity aims to determine the effectiveness of the Asik Study Group based on age and grade level so that it can further improve the ability to solve problem solving problems. In addition, what the author wants to achieve is to motivate children to carry out activities independently and confidently. This activity uses a qualitative approach of an explanatory descriptive model which intends to provide a detailed picture related to the work program of the Fun Learning Group (KBA) during the implementation of the Real Work Lecture (KKN) as an effort to realize the community, especially children in Bengkulu Rejo Village who have high intellectuals and a deeper understanding of the world of education. The form of research is to use cycles, which consist of four steps, namely (1) planning, (2) implementation, (3) observation / observation, and (4) reflection. This article shows that through Asik Learning Group (KBA) can increase motivation and interest in learning, as well as children's concentration in receiving lessons in class increases. Keywords: Bengkulu Rejo, Children, Study Group
The parental language policy on children's language acquisition: a case of international family
Authors: Istighfaroh Faridatul , Elfiyanto Sonny , Ubaidillah M. Faruq
Published: September 2023

Discussing second language acquisition (SLA) from the perspective of one same-nationality family has been massively conducted. However, the recent study regarding SLA in toddlers in mixed-marriage families, especially with Indonesian mothers, has not been previously observed. Directed to the study demonstrated by Li (2007), this present study aimed to examine the three essential marks of family roles on their children's acquisition, such as the parent's literacy accomplishment, the daily occupation choice and opportunity, and adaptation as well as integration into the local country. Two families with Sudan-Indonesia and America-Indonesia backgrounds participated as research subjects. The narrative inquiry method through interviews (see Duff, 2019) was employed to gain the data. Then, the data were analyzed by using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six thematic analysis stages. The results revealed that the parental academic records of accomplishment, the family's occupation, and the socialization to the domestic environment positively affected family language policy (FLP), shaping the stairs of children's SLA. Moreover, this study may contribute to Indonesian families, school stakeholders, and EFL teachers in teaching the foreign language to their children and EFL students in gaining new languages.
Exploring EFL students' perceptions and perspectives among different genders on native English teachers’ feedback
Authors: Wardana I Ketut
Published: September 2023

Corrective feedback (CF) can encourage students to establish realistic learning objectives. Nevertheless, there has been limited investigation on how EFL learners perceive and view feedback delivered by English native teachers, particularly in relation to gender differences. Hence, this study aimed to correlate student perception with perspectives on native English teachers’ feedback, determine differences in male and female perception and describe the level of student's perspectives on the feedback. Quantitative and qualitative methods, with a correlational research design, were employed. Using a simple random sampling technique, a sample of 30 was selected from 150 students from a Bilingual class of Sekolah Lanjut Umum Bawah (SLUB). Post-class questionnaires and interviews were conducted to gather data, which were then analyzed using Pearson Correlation, t-test, and thematic interview analysis. The findings indicated a significant correlation between students' perception and perspective on native English teachers' feedback. In addition, both genders had positive perceptions, with males displaying a more favorable perspective on teacher feedback than females. It also showed students’ "very positive" perspective on teacher feedback. This study highlights the positive impact of English native teachers' feedback on students' views and recommends EFL teachers to employ CF, considering gender-specific needs.
Indonesian EFL teachers’ portrayal of genre-based teaching practices: perceptions, implementation, and challenges
Authors: Nadjib Nurfadilah , Triastuti Anita
Published: September 2023

Many studies indicated a genre-based approach (GBA) as an effective method in English foreign language (EFL) teaching and GBA is also integrated into the English teaching curriculum. However, EFL teachers' portraits of GBA use in teaching practices are little understood. This study aimed to explore EFL teachers' perceptions of GBA, the implementation of GBA in EFL classrooms, and the challenges EFL teachers face when implementing GBA. This case study research involved 28 English teachers from different public high schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data were obtained from the teachers’ self-reflection sheet adapted from Rustipa et al. (2021) and semi-structured interviews. The data gathered were then examined by utilizing thematic analysis. The findings indicated that most EFL teachers were aware of GBA and positively perceived it, the implementation of GBA in EFL classrooms had not met the standardized implementation, and students' low vocabulary mastery, time allocation, and teachers' abilities in selecting texts and designing tasks were the challenges in the GBA implementation. This study offers pedagogical implications for the stakeholders to take into account that most EFL teachers need training regarding GBA application.
ATOH1 factor expression induces rapid differentiation of iPSCs into neurons
Authors: Stepanov AI , Putlyaeva LV , Didych DA , Galiakberova AA , Gurskaya NG , Lukyanov KA
Published: September 2023

The study of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and developing the technology for their practical use is one of the most knowledge-intensive areas of modern biomedical research. Despite the potential of using iPSCs in personalized medicine and to build cell-based models for disorders of various etiology, iPSC utilization remains challenging. Thus, the iPSC intercellular heterogeneity and the lack of effective identity determination and assessment methods considerably hamper reproducibility of such studies. The study was aimed to generate an iPSC line carrying the gene encoding the ATOH1 transcription factor controlled by the Tet-One expression induction system, along with TagBFP2 fluorescent protein and the puromycin resistance gene for cell selection. Molecular cloning, lentiviral transduction, cell culturing, immunofluorescence staining, and fluorescence microscopy were used during the study. The created cell model will allow analyzing the state of single cells and, therefore, has great practical potential for both laboratory and medical research.
The Level Living of Wife's Iddah According to The Judge's Ijtihad Makassar Religious Court Class 1A
Authors: P Umar , HT Abd. Qadir Gassing , Supardin Supardin
Published: September 2023

The aims of this study are: 1) to find out the legal basis for ijtihad judges at the Makassar Religious Court Class 1A in determining the level of post-divorce wife iddah. (2) to find out the difference between the level of iddah of a career wife and a non-career wife. 3) to find out the judge's efforts in ensuring the implementation of a decision. This type of research is classified as field research (Descriptive Qualitative Field Research) and uses a formal juridical approach, sociological empirical and sharia approach. The data source of this research is Makassar Religious Court Judge Class 1A. Furthermore, the data collection methods used were literature review, observation, and interviews. Then there are three stages of data management and analysis, namely, data collection, data processing and drawing conclusions from the research results. The results of this study indicate that 1) In the study of determining the amount of iddah of the wife to be given to the wife, the panel of judges used the Qur'an and hadith, as well as SEMA No. 7 of 2012 which was later refined by SEMA No. 3 of 2018 as the legal basis for the criteria for determining the amount of the wife's iddah. 2) As for the problem of a wife who has a career or has a job status, it is very necessary to be made a judge as one of the factors in determining the amount of the iddah living value. 3) And the efforts made by the judge to ensure the implementation of a decision, namely the postponement of the pronouncement of the divorce pledge and the detention of the husband's divorce certificate in the case of a contested divorce. The implications of this research are 1) For judges, presumably they can make the status of the wife as one of the factors to determine a decision and maximize the efforts made so that the decision can be carried out by the husband, especially in cases of divorce and litigation and the imposition of iddah maintenance on the husband for the result of a divorce. 2) For the community, one of the consequences of a divorce is that the husband is obliged to provide iddah to his wife as stated in article 149 of the Presidential Instruction on the Compilation of Islamic Law. 3) For further researchers, if you are interested in conducting similar research, it would be better to use a different research method, as well as conduct research related to other factors that are considered capable of providing other views in terms of determining the level of iddah living.
PENGARUH PEMBERSIHAN DEPOSIT KARBON DI RUANG BAKAR TERHADAP DAYA DAN TORSI MESIN 1300 cc
Authors: Wahyu Mujahid
Published: September 2023

Abstrak Deposit karbon hasil pembakaran yang tertinggal di ruang bakar diduga telah berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap daya dan torsi mesin. Tujuan dari artikel ilmiah ini untuk mengungkap pengaruh pembersihan deposit karbon di ruang bakar terhadap daya dan torsi mesin 1300cc. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen murni dengan variabel bebas berupa pembersihan deposit karbon dari ruang bakar mesin 1300 cc dengan cairan asam. Variabel terikat berupa nilai daya dan torsi yang diukur dengan alat uji chassis dyno test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah dilakukan proses pembersihan deposit karbon, daya maksimal mesin 1300 cc meningkat dari 53 hp menjadi rerata 57 hp pada pengujian di gigi percepatan 4. Torsi maksimal juga meningkat dari 84 Nm menjadi 90 Nm pada gigi percepatan 3 dan meningkat dari 83 Nm menjadi 87 Nm pada gigi percepatan 4. AbstractThe carbon deposit from combustion left in the combustion chamber are thought to have simultaneously  effected on the engine’s power and torque. The purpose of this paper to investigate the effect of cleaning carbon deposit in the combustion chamber on the power and torque of the 1300cc. This research used pure experimental method with an independent variable in the form of cleaning carbon deposit from combustion chamber of a 1300 cc engine with acid. The dependent variable were the value of power and torque as measured  measuring by the chassis dynotest tool. The results showed that after the carbon deposit cleaning process was carried out, the maximum power of the 1300 cc engine increased from 53 hp to 57 hp in the test in 4th acceleration gear. The maximum torque also increased from 84 Nm to 90 Nm in 3rd acceleration gear and increased from 83 Nm to 87 Nm in 4th gear.
The reform of Japanese language teaching and the cultivation of intercultural communication skills in colleges and universities in the context of the Internet
Authors: Liu Qingzhe
Published: September 2023

The impact of changing Japanese language instruction in higher education institutions on students’ intercultural communication skills is examined in this paper using gray correlation. To create the gray correlation value matrix of the ideal response, a comparison study of the geometric relationships between the system data series and the geometry of the curves is done. The set of signals for the ideal response and the negative one is established by examining the specific steps of the ideal response approach. The multiplicative synthesis method was used to assign weights to the combinations of decision indicators, and the assignment formula was calculated. The results showed that 42% of the students wanted to learn everyday Japanese in Japanese language teaching, only 21% wanted to learn professional Japanese and industrial Japanese, and most of the learners preferred to improve their communicative ability through Japanese language teaching courses. The most desirable communicative ability of students should be 43% of expression and imagination.
Research on Digital Management and Collaboration Platform for Civil Aircraft Manufacturing Logistics Scenarios
Authors: Wang Peng , Tan Hangbo , Ji Chao
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the overall architecture design of the platform is proposed, and the data architecture and business architecture of the platform are discussed. On this basis, the logistics path planning method of digital collaboration is proposed, including the aspects of path demand splitting and distribution vehicle spatio-temporal network, and the demand splittable logistics path planning model is considered. Finally, the simulation of the workshop logistics dynamic scheduling example is designed, and the dynamic scheduling optimization results are analyzed and verified. The results show that: through optimization, its time penalty cost f
1 = 801.38, the total distance traveled by the delivery trolley f
2 = 1709m, and the total distance of empty load is 692.15 m, and the dispatching scheme increases the distance of empty load by 59 m . The research results of this paper can provide a reference for digital management and collaboration platform for civil aircraft manufacturing enterprises and provide a reference for research in related fields.
Safety considerations of static sensitization emulsification technology for Kings-type emulsion explosives based on quadratic linear programming algorithm
Authors: Tang Xiuyong , Li Mingjie , Chen Bin , Zhang Fanhua
Published: September 2023

This paper collects data on the static sensitization emulsification process flow of Kings-type emulsion explosives, analyzes the collected data by combining the indicator factors and probability density functions in the time-domain analysis, and designs a safety monitor for the static sensitization process flow. In order to pursue more rigorous production safety, the static sensitization process optimization objective function was determined, and the function was constrained as well as quadratically linearized to construct a static sensitization process safety optimization model based on quadratic linear programming. After analysis, it is concluded that the safety factors affecting the static sensitization process are temperature, sensitizer, number of sensitizer stages and pressure. Other conditions are the same, the foaming density can finally reach 1.23g/cm
3 when low-temperature static sensitization, but the time spent is longer 14h, and the foaming density decreases from 1.41g/cm
3 to 1.09g/cm
3 as the amount of sensitizer increases.
The mining method of integrating the thinking and political elements of curriculum into English teaching based on big data technology
Authors: Cao Mei
Published: September 2023

In order to explore the integration path of curriculum Civics in English teaching, this paper proposes the construction method of students’ Civics behavioral portrait based on big data technology to mine the behavioral data of English majors. The behavioral data of students were collected with the help of various information systems in universities, and the processed data were clustered and analyzed based on the K-means algorithm. For the uncertainty of the K-value and initial center, the PCA method is used to reduce the dimensionality of the initial data, and the density Canopy clustering replaces the pre-processing process in the K-means algorithm. The average purity of clusters reached 0.88. From the mining effect, in the teaching theme of “people and society”, the main Civics elements are social service, science and technology, with heat values of 0.407 and 0.352. Big data the technology has provided strong support for the integration of Civics and English teaching.
Optimal seismic solution design for underground frame structure of subway station considering uniform damage
Authors: Sun Hongshuo , Dai Hongtao
Published: September 2023

Based on the dynamic finite element theory, this paper establishes a fully coupled Mohr-Coulomb plastic finite element model of the soil ontology with the A metro station structure as the research object, conducts a nonlinear dynamic response analysis of the model structure, studies the variation of the seismic response of the model under different vibrations, soil material parameters and concrete parameters, and analyzes the influence of the station structure form on the displacement. In EL-2 condition, the first pair displacement of the S3 measurement point of the rectangular station is 5.695 mm, and the displacement of the arch-shaped station is 2.5 mm less than that of the rectangular station. The relative displacement of soil shear modulus with Gmax=200 MPa is 2.3 mm less than that of soil shear modulus with Gmax=80 MPa in the case of sidewall height of 3 m, which indicates that both the shape of station and soil stiffness has an effect on the seismic performance of the station. Influence on the seismic performance of the station. The research in this paper has an important reference value for the seismic design of underground frames of subway stations.
Analysis of the innovation path of financial accounting education model from the perspective of integration of industry and education
Authors: Wang Min
Published: September 2023

By using the CIPP model, evaluation indexes are determined to construct an evaluation system for industry-education integrated financial accounting education. The expert authority coefficient is used to assess the degree of authority level of consulting experts, combined with Kendall’s harmonious coordination coefficient to coordinate data differences. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the teaching mode of industry-education integration in higher vocational institutions. Combining fuzzy mathematical affiliation, vector and matrix, the fuzzy relationship matrix set of the input of the integration of industry and education in a higher vocational institution is analyzed and the performance of the integration of industry and education is rated. The results show that the overall evaluation value of the integration performance is 76.9433, which is “good” and can be regarded as a good level of integration performance. In the analysis of the practicality of the teaching materials, 35.7% of the students thought that the course knowledge was not practical.
Digital transmission of intangible cultural heritage based on empirical modal analysis in a multicultural perspective
Authors: Wu Shengnan
Published: September 2023

This paper firstly investigates the empirical modal decomposition image fusion technique, uses the empirical modal decomposition algorithm to calculate the instantaneous frequency to obtain the intrinsic modal function, and uses the two-dimensional implicit modal function to obtain the image features of intangible cultural heritage. Secondly, based on the digitization of paper-cutting art by image fusion technology, the pixel-level image fusion method is applied to fuse the paper-cutting paper with the designed Peking Opera face pattern, to maximize the original information of the paper-cutting paper, to realize the digital transmission of intangible culture by constructing an auxiliary paper-cutting design system, and to empirically analyze the research of paper-cutting intangible cultural heritage based on the empirical modal analysis method. The results show that in the analysis of the paper-cutting industry in Ui County, the ratio of time to 1917 exceeds 2.22 and reaches 3.00 by 1925 until 1943, when it reaches a peak of 3.25. The paper-cutting culture spread within the villages during this period, and the villagization characteristics of paper-cutting in Ui County are formed. This study digitizes intangible cultural heritage and contributes to the preservation and transmission of paper-cutting cultural heritage resources.
Research on the interaction and integration of university administration and creative and entrepreneurship education in the perspective of big data
Authors: Zheng Xiaohua
Published: September 2023

This study examines the combination of the interplay between managerial majors and creative thinking and entrepreneurial courses using a linked assessment approach. To calculate the weighting of coupled system assessment indicators, the entropy value approach is employed. By dimensionlessly processing indicators and creating indicator data matrices, the degree of coordination of the integrating process between administrative majors and instruction in entrepreneurship and innovation is discovered. By constructing the integration evaluation index system, the integration coordination degree interval and grade were divided. The results show that 70% of the students in their senior year are aware of innovation and entrepreneurship, but they still can’t invest in innovation and entrepreneurship in combination with their own majors. The speed at which students’ abilities advance when given practical instruction in the merger of specialty and innovation is greatest.
A study on the advantageous degree of inbound tourism flow collection and distribution in domestic provinces and cities along the Belt and Road Initiative based on distributed fuzzy computing theory
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Huijuan , Liu Yan
Published: September 2023

This paper introduces the concept of dominance degree in ecology and constructs a model of the dominant degree of inbound tourism flow gathering and dispersal in Chinese provinces and cities along the Belt, and Road advocated based on the optimization of the entropy value method. In order to further analyze the model, the obtained tourism flow gathering and dispersal dominance degrees are first integrated into a fuzzy set of tourism flow gathering and dispersal dominance degrees. The natural sequence of fuzzy numbers is obtained by screening the fuzzy set, and the fuzzy indexes are obtained after the distribution fuzzy calculation, and finally, the evaluation model of tourism flow gathering and dispersal advantage degree is constructed based on the index matrix and the combination assignment method. After analysis, it is obtained that the inbound tourism distribution of Chinese provinces and cities along the route from 2005 to 2020, the fourth tier of provinces and cities increased, the proportion by 41.02%, the number of the third tier decreased, the proportion decreased to 29.33%, and the uneven distribution of the advantage of inbound tourism distribution was strengthened.