bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trait Reactance Moderates Facebook Users' Irritation with Brand Communication
Authors: Lee Eunsun , Kim Yeo Jung , Lim Yon Soo , Kim Mikyoung
Published: June 2015

Our aim was to discover common relationship norms in Facebook communication between a brand and its fans, and to understand how these norms influence consumers' perceived irritation with brand messages. A semantic network analysis revealed that 7 out of 8 brands operated according to
exchange relationship norms in communicating with their fans, whereas 1 brand operated according to communal relationship norms. We subsequently examined the effect of trait reactance and communication styles on the perceived level of irritation caused by branded messages received on Facebook
with a sample of Korean college students (N = 161 participants). Results showed that those high in trait reactance perceived the exchange communication as more irritating than did those low in trait reactance. There was no difference between high and low reactance individuals in their
perceived irritation with communal communication. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed and suggestions for future research provided.
Money or Attention? Sex Differences in Reactions to Social Exclusion
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Tu Ping
Published: June 2015

We examined differences in the ways in which men and women perceive and react to social exclusion. Men typically experience agentic-type threats in a social exclusion context and are motivated to improve their agentic belief in themselves, whereas women experience communal-type threats
and pay greater attention to others. In this study, we employed the pursuit of money as an agentic form of compensation and pursuit of attention as a communal form of compensation. In 2 experiments with high school students as participants (N = 103 and 126, respectively), we found that
social exclusion increases the preference of men for a high salary and the preference of women for conspicuous products, and that self-focus mediates these effects. We have contributed to the literature by exploring the different coping strategies of men and women who face social exclusion.
Face Attractiveness in Building Trust: Evidence from Measurement of Implicit and Explicit Responses
Authors: Zhao Na , Zhou Mingjie , Shi Yuanyuan , Zhang Jianxin
Published: June 2015

We explored individuals' behavior in relation to level of trust when they encounter attractive or unattractive faces. Individuals' implicit responses were examined in Experiment 1 and their explicit responses in Experiment 2. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that the latency of the
unattractive faces with words indicating trust or attractive faces with words indicating distrust (incompatible group) was twice as long as that of the attractive faces with trust words or unattractive faces with distrust words (compatible group). In Experiment 2, we used an investment game
to measure individuals' explicit trusting behavior and found that participants gave significantly more money to attractive partners than they did to unattractive partners. These findings extend understanding of the relationship between perceptions of attractiveness and trust building.
Validation of the Psychological Well-being Scale for Use in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chih-Che
Published: June 2015

My aim was to validate the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) for use in a Taiwanese context, using a sample of 389 undergraduate and graduate students. Participants completed the PWBS as well as measures of general satisfaction with life, positive affect and negative affect, global
self-esteem, and depression. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the single-factor model of the PWBS had adequate fit indices, revealing that the 8 items of the scale were homogeneous for measuring psychological well-being. In addition, the PWBS had a positive relationship
with life satisfaction, positive affect, and self-esteem, and a negative relationship with negative affect and depression, which supported its construct validity. Furthermore, the satisfactory internal consistency and stability scores supported its good reliability. All of the findings support
my conclusion that the PWBS is an adequate short-form measure of psychological well-being for use in a Taiwanese context.
Convergent Validity Assessment of a Brief Screen for Poverty with South African Adolescents
Authors: Valjee Sachet R. , Collings Steven J.
Published: June 2015

We explored the convergent validity of a brief screen for poverty with a convenience sample of 462 South African school-aged adolescents. Participants completed the poverty screen of the Developmental Trauma Inventory as well as the Household Economic and Social Status Index, which
is a composite measure of socioeconomic status that was developed and validated using South African samples. Results indicated that scores on the poverty screen were significantly negatively correlated for financial/social capital, material consumption, and socioeconomic status subscales,
as well as the total scale. These findings provide support for the convergent construct validity of the Developmental Trauma Inventory poverty screen.
Untreated Mild Hyperglycemia During Pregnancy and Anthropometric Measures of Obesity in Offspring at Age 5–7 Years
Authors: Thaware Parag K. , McKenna Sonia , Patterson Christopher C. , Hadden David R. , Pettitt David J. , McCance David R.
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE

Obesity in the offspring of women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy has been reported, but the results are conflicting. This study examined the association of hyperglycemia during pregnancy and anthropometry in 5- to 7-year-old offspring whose mothers participated in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study at the Belfast Centre.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Women in the HAPO study underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at approximately 28 weeks of gestation. Mothers and caregivers remained blinded to the results unless the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration was >5.8 mmol/L or the 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG) concentration was >11.1 mmol/L. Offspring weight, height, and skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac) were measured at age 5–7 years. Overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity were defined as a BMI z score ≥85th, ≥95th, and ≥99th percentile, respectively, based on the 1990 British Growth Standard.

RESULTS

Belfast HAPO offspring (n = 1,320, 82%) aged 5–7 years attended for follow-up. With use of multiple regression, maternal FPG, 1h PG, and 2hPG did not show any relation to offspring BMI z score or offspring skinfold sum independent of maternal BMI at OGTT and offspring birth weight z score. This lack of association with maternal glycemia persisted with the offspring BMI z score expressed as ≥85th, ≥95th, or 99th percentile and the sum of skinfolds expressed as ≥90th percentile specific for sex. The initially significant relation between FPG and all offspring adiposity measures was explained by maternal BMI at the OGTT.

CONCLUSIONS

After adjustment for maternal BMI at the OGTT, higher maternal FPG concentration during pregnancy (short of diabetes) is no longer a risk factor for obesity, as reflected by BMI and the sum of skinfolds in offspring aged 5–7 years.
The Role of Proton Transfer in Heterogeneous Transformations of Hydrocarbons
Authors: Estes Deven P. , Copéret Christophe
Published: June 2015

Heterogeneous catalysis is essential for the transformation of light hydrocarbons into chemical feedstocks. Many of the catalysts that mediate these transformations consist of isolated metal ions on the surface of a metal oxide support, such as silica or alumina. Due to the complexity
of these catalysts, studying the active site and mechanism of these reactions is difficult. Surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) could offer a solution to this problem by allowing the synthesis of well-defined surface organometallic species. This approach has been used to study the reactions
of light hydrocarbons with isolated metal species on silica and alumina surfaces. These studies showed that proton transfers play a key role in the reactions of many hydrocarbons. The mechanisms of these reactions and their role in some common catalytic cycles are discussed.
Nitrous Oxide-dependent Iron-catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Grignard Reagents
Authors: Döhlert Peter , Weidauer Maik , Enthaler Stephan
Published: June 2015

The formation of carbon–carbon bonds is one of the fundamental transformations in chemistry. In this regard the application of palladium-based catalysts has been extensively investigated during recent years, but nowadays research focuses on iron catalysis, due to sustainability,
costs and toxicity issues; hence numerous examples for iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have been established, based on the coupling of electrophiles (R1-X, X = halide) with nucleophiles (R2-MgX). Only a small number of protocols deals with the iron-catalyzed oxidative
coupling of nucleophiles (R1-MgX + R2-MgX) with the aid of oxidants (1,2-dihaloethanes). However, some issues arise with these oxidants; hence more recently the potential of the industrial waste product nitrous oxide (N2O) was investigated, because the unproblematic
side product N2 is formed. Based on that, we demonstrate the catalytic potential of easily accessible iron complexes in the oxidative coupling of Grignard reagents. Importantly, nitrous oxide was essential to obtain yields up to >99% at mild conditions (e.g. 1 atm, ambient
temperature) and low catalyst loadings (0.1 mol%) Excellent catalyst performance is realized with turnover numbers of up to 1000 and turnover frequencies of up to 12000 h–1. Moreover, a good functional group tolerance is observed (e.g. amide, ester, nitrile, alkene,
alkyne). Afterwards the reaction of different Grignard reagents revealed interesting results with respect to the selectivity of cross-coupling product formation.
Effect of 2-Propanol on the Transfer Hydrogenation of Aldehydes by Aqueous Sodium Formate using a Rhodium(I)-sulfonated Triphenylphosphine Catalyst
Authors: Kathó Ágnes , Szatmári Imre , Papp Gábor , Joó Ferenc
Published: June 2015

In water/2-propanol mixtures [RhCl(mtppms)3] (mtppms = monosulfonated triphenylphosphine) was an efficient catalyst for the selective C=C reduction of trans-3-phenyl-2-propenal (trans-cinnamaldehyde) by hydrogen transfer from formate at temperatures
as low as 30 °C. An outstandingly high catalyst turnover frequency of 1214 h–1 was determined at 70 °C. A possible mechanism of the reaction is suggested on the basis of kinetic studies and 1H- and 31P-NMR spectroscopic identification of the major
Rh(I) species in the reaction mixtures as cis-mer-[H2RhX(mtppms)3] (X = HCOO– or H2O). It was established that a large part but not all of the rate increase observed in water/2-propanol mixtures in comparison with systems
with neat water as solvent was the consequence of complete dissolution of trans-cinnamaldehyde on the effect of the co-solvent. Nevertheless, the rate showed a significant further increase with increasing 2-propanol concentration even in homogeneous solution and this was ascribed to
changes in the solvent structure. The high catalyst activity in this solvent mixture allowed the transfer hydrogenation of citral. Although good to excellent conversions were observed at 30–70 °C, a useful degree of selectivity in hydrogenation of C=C vs. C=O bonds could not be achieved.
Transition Metal-free Methylation of Amines with Formaldehyde as the Reductant and Methyl Source
Authors: Man Nikki Y. T. , Li Wanfang , Stewart Scott G. , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: June 2015

A simple transition metal-free procedure using formal dehyde for the N,N-dimethylation and N-methylation of primary and secondary anilines is reported. The reaction showed limitations on sterically hindered and electron-withdrawing anilines, but is successful on amines
with electron-donating substituents. Formaldehyde acts as both the reducing agent and the carbon source in the reaction.
Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid by Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Li Jun , Zhu Qi-Long , Xu Qiang
Published: June 2015

Formic acid has recently been considered as one of the most promising hydrogen storage materials. The basic concept is briefly discussed and the research progress is detailledly reviewed on the dehydrogenation of aqueous formic acid by heterogeneous catalysts.
Conditions for the Use of CO2
Authors: Dibenedetto Angela
Published: June 2015

This review presents several aspects of the utilization of carbon dioxide. In particular, it will consider the conditions for its correct utilization in order to reduce its emission into atmosphere and to size the demand of CO2 that may be used within several different industrial sectors, spanning from fine chemicals to bulk chemicals, intermediates and fuels.
The Management Centre Innsbruck Keeping one step ahead with algae innovation
Authors: Heinzelmann Elsbeth
Published: June 2015

MCI – Management Center Innsbruck is an innovative breeding ground for making algae biotechnological concepts economically attractive, useful for society and environmentally friendly. For biotechnet Switzerland there are solid reasons for entering into a strategic partnership
with the MCI in the domain of bioresource technologies at the international level.
ORION – A Global Approach to Waste Management
Authors: Heinzelmann Elsbeth
Published: June 2015

In the ORION project supported by the European Commission, 20 partners work together to manage organic waste from agro-food industries. The goal is to develop a small, automatic and user-friendly digestion machine to facilitate the domestic on-site treatment of a wide range of organic
waste from around 100 and up to 5000 tonnes per year at low cost and with limited maintenance. Simon Crelier at the HES-SO Valais/Wallis is part of the network.
Effectiveness of pilates training in improving hamstring flexibility of football players
Authors: Chinnavan Elanchezhian , Gopaladhas Sathish , Kaikondan Ponsumathi
Published: June 2015

Objective: The kick force is effective only if the flexibility of the muscle is in accord. The stretching capacity of tendons, ligaments and capsule are very limited due to the function of articular stabilization. Pilates exercises are to be performed to improve muscular flexibility with greater movement breadth, strength and fluency. Lack of flexibility is a limiting factor for performance and being a facilitator for muscular injuries. Materials and Methods: Goniometer, Sit and reach table and Exercise mat. 30 football players were randomly distributed into two groups, Pilates group (n=15) and control group (n=15). Control group was given Ballistic, PNF and Static stretching exercises and Pilates group was given Pilates protocol respectively. Both the groups were trained 5 times a week for 4 weeks, 30 minutes each session. Pre and post outcome measures of Goniometer and sit and reach test were taken. Results: The Pilates group training reported a higher level of improvement than control group (p< 0.05).Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.265-269
Emphysematous pyelonephritis: non surgical treatment approach
Authors: Singal Kiran Kumar , Singal Neerja , Gupta Bhaskar , Bhatti Karun Puran , Gupta Abhinav
Published: June 2015

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe infection characterized by the presence of gas within the renal parenchyma tissues. It is a life threatening complication of bacterial interstitial nephritis, and it mainly occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus. We report a case of a 37 year old female who complained of fever and pain in left lumbar region on admission. Her past medical history included uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. On USG (ultrasonography), left kidney swollen and show echogenic linear specs with dirty shadowing suggestive of air in pelvicalyceal system (PCS). She was treated with intensive antibiotic therapy in high doses. On repeat USG there was marked reduction in air shadow in kidney and patient improved clinically.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.305-307
Parry Romberg syndrome: a case report
Authors: Beemanapalli Ramakrishna , Vanamali Dharma Rao , Hanumaiah Adapala , Reddy Bande Sujeeth
Published: June 2015

Parry Romberg syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous disorder of unknown etiology characterized by facial hemiatrophy of fat, skin, connective tissue and MRI changes in the brain. Here we report a 30 years old woman who presented with facial hemiatrophy, headache and facial pain, hemi-masticatory spasm, atrophy of tongue, temporal hemianopia and hyperintense lesions on MRI.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.308-309
Red man syndrome: an unusual complication of vancomycin beads
Authors: Juyal Anil , Khurana Gurjeet , Maheshwari Rajesh
Published: June 2015

Vancomycin is a bactericidal antibiotic. It is commonly used to treat Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) infections. It is also used locally with Polymethyl methacrylate to treat chronic bone infections. Locally placed beads deliver high concentration of antibiotics locally with few adverse effects as compared to parenteral therapy. There are two complications mentioned on intravenous infusion of vancomycin namely anaphylactic reaction and red man syndrome; but there is no known literature on complications arising from vancomycin impregnated cement beads. We report a case of red man syndrome following usage of vancomycin impregnated cement beads which is not reported in any available orthopaedic literature.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.290-291
Pattern of Childhood Malignancies in Ilorin, Nigeria: Challenges and Strategies for Management in a Tertiary Health Institution
Authors: Babatunde Abiola Samuel , Gobir Aishatu Ahmed , Adeboye Mohammed Akanbi Nurudeen , Adebayo-Oloko Abdulganiy , Durotoye Idayat Adenike
Published: June 2015

Objective: The study was carried out to document the pattern of childhood malignant tumors which were diagnosed at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, and compare with previous reports from other parts of Nigeria and elsewhere and also highlight the challenges and strategies for effective management of these diseases in our environment. Methods: A ten year retrospective analysis of all cancers diagnosed in children below the age of 18 years at the study centre between January 2000 and December 2009 was carried out. Case folders of all children diagnosed with malignant tumors within the study period were retrieved from the Cancer Registry Department of the Hospital and were analyzed with respect to age, gender, morphological or histological type of malignancy, extent of disease, treatment modality, and survival outcome. Results: Ninety nine (99) children were diagnosed with various malignancies during the study period. Sixty seven (67; 67.7%) were boys and 32 (32.3%) were girls giving a male to female ratio of 2:1. There were 22 cases (22.2%) recorded in children aged below 4 years and 72 cases (72.7%) were diagnosed in children between 4-14 years. Lymphomas were the most prevalent malignancies encountered accounting for 54 cases (54.5%), Burkitts lymphoma constituted 43 (79.6%) of all lymphoma cases. The distribution of the five foremost malignancies recorded were as follows: Burkitts lymphoma (43 cases), Nephroblastoma (10 cases), Retinoblastoma (8 cases), Non Hodgkins lymphoma (7 cases) and Acute leukaemias (5 cases). Other malignancies included Osteogenic sarcoma (5), Hodgkins lymphoma (4), and 2 cases each of primary liver cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and nasopharyngeal tumor. Conclusion: The distribution of the various childhood malignant tumors recorded in this study is similar to the pattern reported in previous studies from Nigeria and other countries. However, there appears to be a lower prevalence of leukemia recorded in this study compared to the earlier findings. The challenges which were identified in the diagnosis, management and overall outcome of our patients included limited number of diagnostic tools, late presentation in the hospital, high patient default rate, poverty, and shortage of chemotherapeutic drugs.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.241-246
Indicators of maternal near miss morbidity at different levels of health care in North India: A pilot study
Authors: Bakshi Ravleen Kaur , Aggarwal Pradeep , Roy Debabrata , Nautiyal Ruchira , Kakkar Rakesh
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Maternal morbidity and mortality in India continues to remain high despite concerted efforts during the past decades. Objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and indicator of Potentially Lie Threatening Conditions (PLTC) and near miss obstetric cases at different tiers of health care. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out over a period of 12 months as per the WHO criteria for near miss. Probability sampling was done to systematically and randomly select health facilities i.e. two primary health centers (PHC), one community health centre (CHC) and a tertiary hospital all from Doiwala block of Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. The study included all the women attending health-care facilities, who were pregnant, in labour, or who had delivered or aborted up to 42 days ago arriving at the facility. A convenient sampling was done (a hundred percent enumeration of eligible study subjects) for the audit. Result: A total of 937 pregnant women who accessed health care had 688 live births and 231 women had one or more of the Potentially Life Threatening Conditions (PLTC). Among them, 61 women had Severe Maternal Outcome (SMO) - 51 with maternal near-miss and 10 maternal deaths. The Severe Maternal Outcome Ratio (per 1000 live births) was 88.66. The Maternal near miss Mortality Ratio (MNM-MR) and Mortality Index (MI) were 5.1 and 16.39% respectively. Conclusion: The WHO near miss approach has been found to be an effective measure to assess quality of care in maternal health across countries including India.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.254-257
Socio economic differentials in utilization of maternal health care services: A study in urban slums of District Dehradun
Authors: Srivastava Ashok Kumar , Kishore Surekha , Padda Preeti
Published: June 2015

Background: Health inequity is becoming an emerging issue all over the world. Improving maternal health is one of the UN Millennium Development goals. Pregnant women inhabiting urban slums are a high risk group with limited access to health facility. Objective: To study the socio economic profile of the mothers and to study the differentials in utilization of maternal health care by the beneficiaries. Study Design: Descriptive, observational cross-sectional field based study in two purposively selected urban slums of district Dehradun. Results: About 70.9% of mothers belonged to social class II and III and 66% of them belonged to nuclear families. Teenage pregnancy was seen in 8.5%. 93.8% of women received complete antenatal care, majority preferring government hospitals. 93.2% of the women received 100 IFA tablets or more but only 63.7% consumed them for 100 days. Majority of the deliveries were institutional and 79.9% were conducted by trained personnel. About 68.5 % received postnatal care. Conclusion: Although usage of ANC service was high, opportunity to deliver important health services was not fully utilized. Policy and programme to improve the quality and care of antenatal mothers, especially for the poor and under privileged are essential to improve maternal health care. Special interventions should be undertaken on priority basis so as to achieve millennium developmental goals in all population groups.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.280-285
Repeatability of the Universiti Teknologi MARA reading charts
Authors: Buari Noor Halilah , Yusuf Nur Hidayah , Mohd Satali Adib , Chen Ai Hong
Published: June 2015

Objective: This study was done to investigate the repeatability measurements in reading rate using the Universiti Teknologi MARA Malay related words (UiTM-Mrw) reading chart and Universiti Teknologi MARA Malay unrelated words (UiTM-Muw) reading chart. Methodology: Thirty normally sighted participants were randomly recruited through randomised sampling (mean age =21.5±1.1 years). Participants were instructed to read aloud, clearly and as quickly as possible at 2 different sessions using two different charts. The two charts were selected at random sequence. A minimum of 7 days interval was used to minimize the learning affect. The time taken to read each chart was recorded and any errors while reading was noted. Reading performance was quantified as reading rate in words per minute (wpm). Results: Comparison of reading rate between session 1 and session 2 was not significantly different (p=0.894, df=1, F=0.018) for UiTM-Mrw reading chart. The reading rate between session 1 and 2 also showed no significant difference (p=0.99, df=1, F=2.811) in UiTM-Muw reading chart. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) showed a good consistency in repeatability for both UiTM-Mrw reading chart and UiTM-Muw reading chart with ICC values of 0.849 and 0.814 respectively. The Bland and Altman plot between measurement of reading rate in session 1 and session 2 showed a good agreement in UiTM-Mrw reading chart and UiTM-Muw reading chart. Conclusion: Both UiTM-Mrw reading chart and UiTM-Mur reading chart showed a good consistency and good agreement in repeated measurement of reading rate.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.236-240
Duplication unilateral femoral vein
Authors: Ferreira Arquez Humberto
Published: June 2015

Background: The purpose of this paper is to describe a case of duplication of unilateral femoral vein, with a complete extension of duplicated veins with similar diameters which is an uncommon condition, noticed in fewer than 10% of lower limb. The venous anatomy is highly variable, only 1/6 patients are exempt of these anomalies. One is the duplicity of the femoral vein. The classic anatomic venous in the lower limb is found in only 16% of subject.Methods: Anatomical variation in the lower limb was found during routine dissection in a 75-year-old male cadaver in the Morphology Laboratory at the University of Pamplona. Result: In the adductor canal femoral vein was divided into two veins: one medial and other lateral, which ascended in parallel until the femoral triangle, at this level 6.5 cms below the inguinal ligament the femoral vein- lateral ramus received to the lateral circumflex femoral vein, and received to the medial circumflex femoral vein, followed the femoral veins lateral ramus binds to the femoral veins medial ramus forming common femoral vein. Both Femoral Veins extend from the adductor canal to the femoral triangle had a length of 18 cms. The caliber of the femoral vein and the caliber of common femoral vein was 30 mm. The caliber of the femoral artery at the femoral triangle was 24 mm. The caliber of the femoral medial and lateral venous component was 20 mm. The common femoral vein received posterolateral to the deep femoral vein; The common femoral vein received anteromedial at the great saphenous. Conclusion: Knowledge of the truncular venous variations is important for the investigation of the venous network. It is also important to recognize and avoid potential errors in diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis of the femoral vein, in the case of an occluded duplicated trunk.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.292-296
Genetic analysis: future diagnostic tool in clinical Orthodontics
Authors: Nowrin Shifat A , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Basri Rehana
Published: June 2015

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.310-311
Reproductive risk factors and breast cancer: a case control study from rural India
Authors: Mohite Vaishali R , Pratinidhi Asha K , Mohite Rajsinh Vishwasrao
Published: June 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and is influenced by reproductive factors perceived by women worldwide.Aims: To identify the reproductive risk factors of breast cancer in newly diagnosed cases and to find out the strength of association of the risk factors with the breast cancer. Material and Methods: A hospital based case-control study was conducted in Satara district, India during year 2009 to 2011 among newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer and matched controls. A total of 434 participants including 217 cases and 217 controls were enrolled by purposive sampling technique from selected hospitals of study area. The information was collected by employing pre-tested questionnaire by utilizing interview method. Statistical Analysis used: Descriptive statistics, Odds ratio and Chi-square test was used to find out strength of association and statistical significant difference. Results: Highest proportion [31.80%] breast cancer cases was in age group 40-49 years with lowest age of 25 years at diagnosis of the disease. A very high proportion of both cases [88.02%] and controls [67.28%] were Hindu by religion and were from rural residence. Maximum proportion of breast cancer cases were housewives [63.59%], literate [71.42%] and from upper economic class [56.68%]. The proportions of cases were higher as compared to the controls with respect to risk factors like unmarried status, nulliparity, history of abortion, post menopausal status, absence of breast feeding and the history of exposure to hormonal contraceptives. The risk of getting breast cancer as indicated by Odds ratio was 8 times higher in unmarried women, 2.8 times in nulliparous women, 2.4 times with post menopausal status, 10.4 times with absence of breast feeding, 1.5 times with exposure to hormonal contraceptives and 4.5 times with history of ovarian disease respectively. Conclusion: The reproductive risk factors such as unmarried status of women, nulliparity, menopause, absence of breast feeding, history of ovarian disease and use of contraceptives were strongly associated with breast cancer.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.258-264
Automated Low Cost Method of Quantification of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Marikar Faiz MMT , Senevirathna Dammika , Fernandopulle Neil
Published: June 2015

This paper describes the development of a Dig-dUTP based multiplex real time RT-PCR for the simultaneous detection of HCV viral amount in plasma samples. Viral genomes were identified in the same sample by Dig-dUTP PCR 216 bp region. Analysis of known scalar concentrations of reference plasma indicated that the multiplex procedure detects at least 500 copies/ml of HCV. In addition, we also assayed HCV viral load in eighty co-infected patients and in fifteen blood donors, confirming the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. This method may represent a useful alternative method for the detection of HCV co-infection, reliable for a rapid and relatively inexpensive screening of blood donors. The assay may be used to determine post-therapy viral clearance.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.247-253
Surgical principles of Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
Authors: Beg Hasan
Published: June 2015

Ibn Sina is one of the famous physicians of Muslim era. He is accepted as Physician par excellence. In his magnum opus, Al-Qanoon, he has collected all the knowledge of medicine from Hindu, Greek and Islamic sources known in tenth-century to eleventh centuries. It includes principles of surgery as well. Though we are not sure how much surgery he did himself as part of his memoirs are lost but he gives the idea of practice of Surgery of the period. In addition to anatomy, physiology and pathology he goes in the management of most surgical problems from head to toe. He is the first to describe the antiseptic properties of wine. We can also attribute to him the first description of Bennets fracture and his description of late splintage of fractures, now we now know as described by George Perkins. He had a great influence on the practice of medicine in the later centuries.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.217-220
Oxidative Stress and Aging
Authors: Neki N S
Published: June 2015

Ageing is an inevitable life process characterized by a gradual functional decline of all organ systems occurring at the cellular, tissue, organ and whole body levels further leading to the development of diseases and finally death. Although aging is a normal physiological process, it can be accelerated during oxidative stress or during chronic inflammatory conditions. An appropriate theory must explain four main characteristics of ageing: it is endogenous, progressive, irreversible and deleterious for the individual. Oxidative stress is caused by imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) not only cause cell damage, but are also involved in intracellular signaling. ROS include superoxide (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH-) and peroxynitrite. Various enzyme systems produce ROS including the mitochondrial electron transport chain, cytochrome P450, lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, the NADPH oxidase complex, xanthine oxidase and peroxisomes. More research is needed to explain the exact mechanisms related to ageing and oxidative stress.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.221-227
Clinical profile of patients with Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return and their short term outcome in pediatric cardiac centre at Dhaka Shishu Hospital
Authors: Munsi Abu Sayed , Hussain Manzoor , Rima Rezoana , Biswas Rabi , Sayeed Abu
Published: June 2015

Background: Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is an uncommon congenital cardiovascular anomaly with poor natural prognosis without proper intervention. It has been detected more frequently in recent year due to the advent of echocardiography. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical manifestations, age at diagnosis and short term outcomes in TAPVR patients. Methods: From 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2013, a total of 34 cases with TAPVR were admitted in pediatric cardiac centre at Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. All of them were evaluated with 2-dimensional (2-D) and color Doppler echocardiography examination. CXR and ECG were also done. Patients sex, age at diagnosis, types of TAPVR, clinical manifestations, radiological finding, ECG findings and outcomes were compiled and analyzed. Results: In 34 patients with TAPVR, 23 (67.6%) were male and 11 (32.4%) were female with male to female ratio of 2.09:1. Most of the patients were diagnosed between 0-6 months of age that is 13 (38.2%) cases were in 0-2 months age group, 14 (41.2%) cases were in more than 2 months to 6 months age group. Tachypnea and cyanosis were more common symptoms. The types of TAPVR was supra-cardiac 18 (52.9%), cardiac 11 (32.4%), infra-cardiac 3 (8.8%) and mixed in 2 (5.9%) cases. Pulmonary hypertension was present in 31 (91.2%) of 34 cases. Among them, 20 (58.8%) patients had severe pulmonary hypertension. The most common associated intra-cardiac lesions of TAPVR patients were ASD 13 (38.2%) and PFO 13 (38.2%). ECG findings of TAPVR, 18 (52.9%) patient had right axis deviation (RAD), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and 14 (41.2%) had right axis deviation (RAD), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), right atrial enlargement (RAE). X-ray findings of TAPVR patients, 32 (94.1%) patients had Cardiomegaly and increased pulmonary vascularity. Among admitted patient, 3 (8.8%) patients died due to pneumonia and intractable heart failure, 31 (91.2%) patients referred to advanced cardiac centre for operative treatment. Conclusions: Tachypnea and Cyanosis were an obvious clinical symptom of TAPVR. 2-D and color Doppler echocardiography can provide quick and accurate diagnostic information of TAPVR. Death rate is high in TAPVR patient in spite of adequate medical management. So, early detection and definitive surgical treatment of TAPVR is much needed.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.270-273
Lipoma of Tongue: a case report
Authors: Sikder Morshed Asadullah , Mohibullah Mohibullah , Sultana Nahida
Published: June 2015

Lipoma is the benign tumor occurring at any anatomical site where fat is present. It may be evident for 1 to 5 percent of the entire benign tumor of the oral cavity. Lipoma of the tongue is extremely rare because tongue is totally devoid of fat cell. In this case study we report a case of lipoma of tongue. A 45 years old Bangladeshi female patient presented with this benign tumor at the left lateral border with dorsal and ventral surface of the tongue for which complete tumor excision was done.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.302-304
Solitary staphylococcal liver abcess in a neonate
Authors: Das Suman , Paul Dilip Kumar , Chatterjee Anish , Raut Sumantra
Published: June 2015

A 28 days old neonate presented with high fever, abdominal distension, poor feeding and lethargy. Sepsis screen was positive; ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated a multiloculated hepatic abcess in the right lobe of the liver. The baby was treated with intravenous antibiotics for 6 weeks and percutaneous aspiration of the abcess, resulting in excellent recovery.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.299-301
Serum calcium and lipid profile in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Sharmin Nazia , Sultana Nasima , Mazumder Pinke , Rahman Taniza
Published: June 2015

Background: Worldwide acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major public health problem. Therefore, this study was undertaken to see the association of some biochemical risk factors with AIS in Bangladesh. Methodology: This study was conducted in Biochemistry department of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January 2014 to December 2014. In this study, 50 patients of AIS considered as case and 50 age and sex matched healthy individuals taken as control. Blood sample was collected and tested for serum calcium and lipid profile in case and control. All the parameters then compared statistically between two groups. Results: Study showed that serum calcium was significantly lower (p= 0.001) in cases and serum TChol, TAG, LDL-C significantly higher (p= 0.035, 0.001 and 0.019 respectively) and HDL-C significantly lower (0.001) in cases compared to controls. Conclusions: This study concludes that low serum calcium level and altered lipid profile are significantly associated with AIS.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.286-289
Pregnancy after 35
Authors: Singal Neerja , Singal Kiran Kumar , Goyal Sunder , Mohindru Rajeev
Published: June 2015

Advanced maternal age is associated with certain pregnancy-related risks. Being at risk causes anxiety and concern, which older pregnant women try to ease by being as well-informed as possible. This may be overwhelming to some women due to the large amount of information available. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of the different feelings and experiences of older pregnant women in order to meet their individual needs within the maternity services.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p. 228-235
Cozy interiority
Authors: Linnet Jeppe Trolle
Published: June 2015

The atmosphere of coziness, or “hygge” as it is referred to in Denmark, gives certain places such as cafés a particular appeal, that of providing an experience of pleasant relaxation in the here and now. This article argues that coziness can be seen as a pleasant experience of interiority, and that there are new and valuable understandings of such urban atmospheres to be gained by considering the role of co-presence with other people: How subjects relate both to fellow consumers on site, and the surrounding urban crowd. The article calls attention to the way that social and material dynamics interrelate in constituting this form of urban ambience, as the weaving of intersubjective space mirrors the interiority and porosity of material form. What arises is an experience of being pleasantly, anonymously co-present with other people’s social circles and urban movements.
Caractéristiques, motivations et performances des fusions et acquisitions en Tunisie
Authors: Ferchichi Rania , Souam Saïd
Published: June 2015

Cet article propose une analyse détaillée des opérations de F&A réalisées en Tunisie, d’abord en les caractérisant, ensuite en identifiant leurs motivations et enfin en évaluant leurs effets sur les entreprises impliquées. Le travail a consisté dans un premier temps en l’élaboration d’une base de données recensant les F&A réalisées entre 1980 et 2009. Le phénomène des F&A, relativement récent dans ce pays, s’est accéléré à partir de 1995. Plusieurs faits caractérisent ces opérations. Elles sont plus fréquentes dans les secteurs industriels et ont lieu essentiellement dans le Grand Tunis et les régions côtières. Elles sont presque exclusivement horizontales et représentent un moyen à la disposition des grandes entreprises pour se développer en acquérant des PME. La seconde étape de terrain a consisté en l’administration d’un questionnaire adressé aux dirigeants d’entreprises composant notre base de données et relatif aux motivations des F&A ainsi qu’à leurs performances. Il apparaît que les principales motivations des F&A sont la recherche d’économies de gamme et de synergies, l’amélioration de la rentabilité de la nouvelle entité et la recherche d’économies d’impôt. Enfin, l’évaluation de la performance des opérations de F&A s’est basée sur deux approches : l’approche par les ratios économiques et comptables et l’approche financière, à l’aide des études d’événements. Il s’avère au total que les F&A n’ont globalement pas détérioré la situation économique et financière des entreprises impliquées. En revanche, l’approche financière montre des rendements anormaux cumulés négatifs et significatifs pour l’ensemble de l’échantillon ainsi que pour les entreprises initiatrices et cibles.
Persistance du comportement d’investissement dans le secteur manufacturier français
Authors: Grazzi Marco , Jacoby Nadia , Treibich Tania
Published: June 2015

Cette étude questionne le processus d’investissement des entreprises du secteur manufacturier en France entre 1996 et 2007. Nous confirmons la présence de pics d’investissements mais identifions aussi une certaine continuité des taux d’investissement dans le temps, indiquée par un coefficient d’autocorrélation relativement faible mais très persistant. En effet, le taux d’investissement est significativement et positivement corrélé avec ses valeurs passées jusqu’à dix ans d’écart. De plus, une estimation du coefficient d’autorégression montre que le taux d’investissement est partiellement expliqué par sa valeur passée. Ces résultats s’expliquent notamment par l’indivisibilité du capital, qui requiert plusieurs épisodes d’investissement pour être totalement intégré dans le fonctionnement de l’entreprise.
Un modèle de tarification comportementale du marché du crédit renouvelable
Authors: Mendez Rodrigue
Published: June 2015

L’article propose un modèle de tarification comportementale du marché du crédit renouvelable. Nous montrons comment les sociétés de crédit peuvent tirer partie de l’incohérence temporelle de leurs clients en proposant des crédits courts qui peuvent être reconduits, moyennant le paiement d’une pénalité. La pénalité est à la fois un dispositif d’engagement pour les clients sophistiqués et une source de revenu aux dépends des clients naïfs. L’équilibre concurrentiel est tel que le taux d’intérêt est en dessous du coût marginal et la pénalité est fixée de manière à ce qu’une fraction des emprunteurs soit conduite à la payer. Nous montrons que le modèle peut expliquer l’évolution du marché des cartes de crédit américain depuis la fin des années 1980.
L’ouverture de l’amont pétrolier à des compagnies privées
Authors: Rossiaud Sylvain
Published: June 2015

Cet article mobilise le cadre théorique de l’économie des coûts de transaction pour identifier les problèmes de coordination et les aléas contractuels de la transaction d’ouverture de l’amont pétrolier aux compagnies privées. Cela nous permet d’affiner la compréhension des fonctions de la compagnie pétrolière publique dans la gouvernance de la transaction. Cette dernière assure une fonction de complément et de substitut à la coordination contractuelle. Nous pouvons alors avancer l’idée selon laquelle la viabilité de la structure de gouvernance pétrolière dépend de la cohérence qui existe entre le positionnement de la compagnie publique dans la structure, d’un côté, et la capacité de régulation contractuelle de l’État, de l’autre.
La biodiversité dans l’aménagement du territoire en Guyane française
Authors: Galochet Marc , Morel Valérie
Published: June 2015

La réflexion menée dans cet article cherche à comprendre quelle est la place de la biodiversité dans les politiques d’aménagement du territoire en Guyane. Ce département français amazonien ultramarin, présenté comme l’une des cinq zones sauvages de haute biodiversité à l’échelle mondiale, constitue un véritable laboratoire d’analyse de mobilisation de la biodiversité dans la gestion du territoire. Si au cours de ces deux dernières décennies, la biodiversité est surtout restée un concept scientifique, aujourd’hui elle se transpose dans les projets de territoire au point de voir apparaître de nombreux documents de planification et dispositifs réglementaires et contractuels intégrant les questions de biodiversité. Pour autant, la Guyane est-elle prête à dépasser l’approche d’une biodiversité conservatrice pour en faire désormais une biodiversité « aménageante » en lui donnant un sens capable de devenir le moteur d’un véritable projet territorial?
Age-Associated Failure To Adjust Type I IFN Receptor Signaling Thresholds after T Cell Activation
Authors: Li Guangjin , Ju Jihang , Weyand Cornelia M. , Goronzy Jörg J.
Published: June 2015

With increasing age, naive CD4 T cells acquire intrinsic defects that compromise their ability to respond and differentiate. Type I IFNs, pervasive constituents of the environment in which adaptive immune responses occur, are known to regulate T cell differentiation and survival. Activated naive CD4 T cells from older individuals have reduced responses to type I IFN, a defect that develops during activation and that is not observed in quiescent naive CD4 T cells. Naive CD4 T cells from young adults upregulate the expression of STAT1 and STAT5 after activation, lowering their threshold to respond to type I IFN stimulation. The heightened STAT signaling is critical to maintain the expression of CD69 that regulates lymphocyte egress and the ability to produce IL-2 and to survive. Although activation of T cells from older adults also induces transcription of STAT1 and STAT5, failure to exclude SHP-1 from the signaling complex blunts their type I IFN response. In summary, our data show that type I IFN signaling thresholds in naive CD4 T cells after activation are dynamically regulated to respond to environmental cues for clonal expansion and memory cell differentiation. Naive CD4 T cells from older adults have a defect in this threshold calibration. Restoring their ability to respond to type I IFN emerges as a promising target to restore T cell responses and to improve the induction of T cell memory.