bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crisis Curriculum: Poetic Ethnography Through Crisis, Coping and Community
Authors: Williams-Witherspoon Kimmika
Published: December 2020

In the face of the pandemic, Temple University rushed to transition to online or remote-learning. As faculty quickly adjusted their classes to accommodate these unprecedented changes, many of us quickly realized that our students’ needs, likewise, shifted drastically. In response to this new reality, I developed a crisis curriculum that drew upon the best of ethnographic methods coupled with digital technology to turn the gaze on the Poetic Ethnography students themselves and capture a unique look of the COVID-19 crisis.
Culturally responsive pedagogy for sustainable quality education in the Cook Islands setting
Authors: Ava Aue Te
Published: December 2020

The provision of a culturally responsive pedagogy is considered to be an important part of delivering a quality education that is ongoing and able to be sustained over time in Pacific developing nations. A quality sustainable education is considered to encourage cultural inclusivity, policy and curriculum practices in schools. By ensuring an inclusive and quality education, education can serve as a powerful vehicle for wider sustainable economic development in the Pacific region. To meet this end, United Nations Pacific signatories pledged support for the educational goal, endorsing an inclusive and equitable quality education for all that promotes relevant learning.

The implementation of culturally relevant teaching and learning environments have long remained a challenge for Pacific nations. In order to realise a sustainable quality education, the question that needs to be asked is: what does sustainable education look like in Pacific regions? This paper explores how the tivaevae as a culturally responsive pedagogy model creates opportunities for a sustainable education and curriculum in the Pacific region and, in turn, contributes to an inclusive and quality education.
Calculating for creativity: Maths joins the circus
Authors: Coleman Claire Marie , Lind Tim
Published: December 2020

Following recent increases in the diversity of students, technologies, pedagogies and environments, New Zealand classrooms are sites of growing complexity. Tasked with covering a broad range of disciplines within each school day, opportunities for subject integration are of increasing value to busy teachers. Developing upon a previous piece of research (Coleman & Davies, 2018), this project sought to gain student engagement in mathematics through a dramatic framework. A key factor in developing adaptable, responsive and capable learners, creativity is an area of intense educational interest and yet substantial confusion (Jefferson & Anderson, 2017). Focusing upon the activation of students’ creative capacities through drama, this project offers suggestions for future praxis and the development of classrooms that invite creativity.

We began by establishing a fictional pre-text closely related to their earlier studies of insects. Recruited to assist Professor Lee—a flea circus owner, with the redesign of her circus, this pretext deliberately offered opportunities for mathematics integration. When planning we predicted the need for students to engage with numbers and measurement, yet remained responsive to opportunities arising from the drama or instigated by the students themselves. Over the five drama-maths sessions, we collaborated with students both in and out of role, to design, plan and prepare a new cockroach circus extravaganza. We generated data for the research through reflective journal entries, student work, drama based research and focus groups. Our findings indicate an enthusiasm for the use of drama to engage students and make mathematics meaningful and highlight the vital elements for collaboration and creativity. Three distinct elements appear crucial to engaging in an effective drama-maths unit: a sense of unity in pursuing a common goal, the value of the affective and embodied elements associated with drama, and cultivation of skills for collaboration. While this project bolsters existing rhetoric surrounding STEAM integration, it advocates for further development around existing notions of collaboration for 21st century learning.
A research note: Video conferencing interviews
Authors: Khalil Atif , Cowie Bronwen
Published: December 2020

This research note aimed to highlight the reflections of the researcher while conducting videoconferencing interviews as a part of his doctoral research project. The researcher drew some inferences based on recent literature and two videoconferencing interviews conducted with the doctoral students via Zoom. It was a crucial experience to deal with the recruitment of research participants, building rapport/understanding, especially with the female participant, exchanging nonverbal cues between researcher and participants, considering socio-cultural aspects of the participants, writing the interview summaries and getting them reviewed by the participants. Moreover, technological aspects were also considered important like having a PC, laptop or android of good condition with consistent internet connectivity, appropriate software (Zoom) and recording of the interviews, backup of the recordings, making sure electricity and other equipment essential for videoconferencing interviews was available. Besides, reviewing the order of questions and time for the research interviews is also important for videoconferencing interviews. The researcher believes that it might be possible to increase the trustworthiness of the videoconferencing interviews by considering all these aspects.
WIRELESS WI-FI SECURITY ANALYSIS IN AUTOMATED RAILWAY SYSTEMS
Authors: I. V. Zhukovyts’kyi  , I. A. Pedenko
Published: December 2020

Purpose. The article is aimed to analyze the basic security mechanisms available in Wi-Fi networks; show the mechanisms for attacking these defenses; carry out a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of protection mechanisms; provide recommendations for the use of these mechanisms in automated rail transport systems; build a demonstration model of attacks on Wi–Fi network security. Methodology. Based on the review of a significant number of domestic and foreign sources, a comparative analysis of the security mechanisms of the Wi–Fi network is carried out, where individual protection standards are analyzed, their strengths and weaknesses appear. A variety of attacks on authentication tools and mechanisms for ensuring the security of information exchange are shown. To demonstrate an attack on these security features, an algorithm has been developed for a demonstration simulation model of the WPA2 security protocol with the ability to attack this protocol. Findings. The basic standards of Wi–Fi security mechanisms have been compared. In particular, WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA3. Different attacks on these standards have been demonstrated. The advantages and weaknesses of individual mechanisms of protective means are shown, recommendations for their use are provided. A demonstration model of attacks on wireless network protection mechanisms has been built, which demonstrates such attacks as an attack on a passphrase and a KRACK attack. To demonstrate in the program, the WPA2 standard with the PSK authentication mechanism and the cryptographic protection mechanism CCMP-128 is chosen. Originality. A wide range of Wi–Fi network security mechanisms is presented, the capabilities of individual security mechanisms are shown, and Wi–Fi network security standards are compared. The original software model shows how erroneous user actions help an attacker overcome modern security mechanisms. Practical value. Recommendations for the use of separate Wi-Fi security features can be used to build a security system for individual components of automated rail systems. A demonstration model of an attack on a Wi-Fi network can be used in a training process to train cybersecurity specialists.
ANALYSIS OF RAIL-WHEEL INTERACTION IN CURVES WITH SMALL RADII
Authors: Csépke R.
Published: December 2020

Purpose. The authors goal is to point out that the new geometric design of the curves of tramways is recommended, furthermore the introduction of a new parameter too. This new parameter is the Creepage Index (CI), which takes into consideration the values of wheel creep from the optimal rolling radii difference on every wheelset in the bogie. Methodology. The several types of railprofiles and railway wheel tread profile geometres have been analised with a special softver and compared with standards, TSIs and BOStrab. Findings. The result of the analisys is that the mechanical conformity of rail/wheel interaction (running characteristic) in tramway tracks are unfavourable and new regulations are necessary to reduce the rail/wheel wear and corrugation especially in curves with small radii. Originality. In the EU the Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI) are in force, which regulate the parameters of running behaviour for the international and national public railways. However, the regulation does not apply to domestic tramways. In the course of the analysis, the author propose to introduce a system of regulation, which based on the mechanical suitability of the rail/wheel interaction. This is especially justified, because for example the regulation of German light rails (BOStrab) only requires the geometric dimensions of the wheel and the groove of the rail and their limits. Practical value. The author developed new geometric design and limit systems of narrow curves and straight tracks and a new test parameter, which shows degree of coherence for running characteristic of the given curve and vehicle, from the aspect of infrastructure, in case of all wheelsets of bogie. This CI (Creepage Index) parameter takes into account all wheel creep values resulting from the variations (+, –) of the optimum rolling radius difference. This results the tightening of bogie design principles and for running characteristic reasons, it requires the continous flange running of the outer wheel in narrow curves.
Evaluation of texture of cheese by-products incorporated bread
Authors: Guiné Raquel de Pinho Ferreira
Published: December 2020

Abstract This work aimed to develop new breads incorporating whey residue, “sorelho”, obtained from ewe’s milk after the production of Serra da Estrela Cheese. For this, we baked three types of bread: wheat bread (control sample), bread incorporating sorelho, and another version containing additional nutritional elements. The texture was evaluated with a texturometer, using compression and perforation tests. Results showed that sorelho can be successfully incorporated in bread. The best product was the bread with sorelho plus improved nutrition, which presented good textural characteristics during a period of 24 hours. This trend was observed for all properties evaluated: hardness, chewiness, resilience, cohesiveness, springiness (compression test) and external firmness, inner firmness, stickiness, adhesiveness (perforation test). Finally, factor analysis showed: FACTOR 1 – compression textural properties; FACTOR 2 – perforation firmness properties and FACTOR 3 – perforation adhering properties, which in total explained approximately 81% of total variance.
Renovación, extractivismo urbano y conflicto ambiental en la costa norte de Buenos Aires
Authors: Wertheimer Marina
Published: December 2020

Resumen Este artículo analiza un caso de renovación urbana en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, liderado por el sector público y el sector inmobiliario, en el marco de un régimen urbano empresarialista, desde el año 2004, así como la emergencia de movilización social y la ambientalización del conflicto. Para la gestión de un nuevo modelo de desarrollo urbano, la naturaleza constituye un plusvalor, mientras que actores colectivos impugnan la instalación de estos desarrollos urbanos por su impacto ambiental y por la imposición de una lógica mercantil en su territorio. A partir de un enfoque etnográfico, este articulo aporta al debate sobre el extractivismo urbano y sobre el derecho a acceder espacios verdes y públicos cada vez más escasos.
O lugar da cotidianidade no planejamento urbano: um olhar a partir do Guarituba (Piraquara/PR)
Authors: Nagamine Liria Yuri
Published: December 2020

Resumo Este artigo apresenta o tema do cotidiano, tendo como objetivo investigar de que forma ele se configura como dimensão importante e fundamental para o planejamento urbano. Escolheu-se, para a análise, o bairro Guarituba, situado no município de Piraquara, periferia da metrópole de Curitiba. O procedimento adotado tem como referência a pesquisa participante, com foco para a análise “de perto” e “de dentro” em relação à dimensão “de longe” e “de fora”, e a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas a moradores locais. Os resultados apresentam-se pela constituição da historicidade e da produção do espaço para moradia apresentadas a partir da investigação do Guarituba como um todo e de dois lugares dentro dele: o Conjunto habitacional Madre Teresa de Calcutá e o Jardim Orquídeas.
Investigation of defects in a warehouse building in Singapore
Authors: Kog Yue Choong
Published: December 2020

Various building defects were reported 2–3 years after the completion of the construction of a two-storey warehouse building located in an industrial area in Singapore. These defects included water seepage from the ceiling at the first storey and vertical cracks at column/wall interfaces. At some of the canopies, disintegrated polycarbonate sheets were dislodged and stains were found on the wire mesh. Random ‘map’ cracks were reported at both the first and second storeys of the warehouse. An investigation was carried out to ascertain the nature and the causes of the building defects of the warehouse. The findings of the investigation and lessons learnt are presented.
Effect of plastic zone levels on the responses of concrete shear walls subjected to earthquakes
Authors: Beiraghi Hamid , Kheyroddin Ali
Published: December 2020

Generally, in reinforced concrete (RC) core wall buildings, the formation of one plastic hinge at the base is preferred; this is called the single plastic hinge (SPH) approach. During a severe earthquake, this approach results in significant moment demand in the upper regions of the wall due to the effect of higher modes of vibration. This study considered RC core walls of 30-, 40- and 50-storey buildings, designed using a response spectrum analysis. The SPH, dual plastic hinge (DPH), triple plastic hinge (TPH) and extended plastic hinge (EPH) approaches were examined using fibre element models and non-linear time history analysis. The DPH and TPH approaches respectively contain one and two plastic hinges at the upper levels of the wall in addition to the base plastic hinge. The effect of the locations of the upper plastic hinges on the seismic response of the core wall was investigated. The results showed that there is not a distinct level for the upper plastic hinge location to minimise the envelope of different demand quantities simultaneously. The curvature demand of the middle plastic hinge in the TPH case was higher than the base curvature demands. Reducing the resistant moment at the wall base by reducing the reinforcement ratio can help to balance curvature demands along the height of the TPH model.
Double Taxation Treaty Interpretation: Lessons from a Case Down Under
Authors: Du Plessis Izelle
Published: December 2020

In the Australian case of Bywater Investments Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation; Hua Wang Bank Berhad v Commissioner of Taxation (the Bywater case) the Australian High Court dealt with the question of whether certain companies were resident in Australia for income tax purposes. The majority answered this question by applying Australian domestic law. In a separate but concurring judgement, Gordon J also discussed the interpretation and application of the relevant double taxation treaty. This contribution analyses Gordon J's judgment to extract guidance from it for the South African courts on their interpretation of double taxation treaties.

It is submitted that South African courts should also follow the "first step" proposed by Gordon J when interpreting double taxation treaties. South African courts may find Gordon J's judgment "instructive" when dealing with the interpretation of the "place of effective management" concept in both domestic law and double taxation treaties. In his judgment Gordon J favours the goal of common interpretation and it is argued that South African courts should follow this example and explicitly support this notion in applicable cases. From Gordon J's judgment and the judgement in Krok v Commissioner, South African Revenue Service, it is deduced that the positions in South Africa and Australia are similar in that the courts in both countries will be bound by the principles of Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties when interpreting double taxation treaties. Moreover, Gordon J's judgment indicates that the domestic principles of interpretation should not be used in the interpretation of double taxation treaties. Recent South African cases have suggested that there are no differences between the South African domestic principles of interpretation and those contained in Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. This contribution submits that there are many similarities between the two, but that the rules are not exactly the same. South African courts should be aware of these differences and rather apply the rules of public international law, including those contained in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, when they interpret double taxation treaties. Gordon J specifically identifies the category of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties in which he places the Commentary on the OECD Model Tax Convention, to rely on it for his interpretation of the relevant double taxation treaty. South African courts may well learn from this approach, to create more certainty in the process of interpreting a double taxation treaty.
National rural health mission and the interstate variations in public healthcare spending in India: A study of the Indian North-Eastern states
Authors:   North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India, Rymbai Motika S
Published: December 2020

Background/Objectives: The North-Eastern region of India comprised of eight states of which seven states come under small states and special category states. The region has a very large rural population which is highly agrarian in nature. The performances of the states in many of the health indicators have been better than most of big Indian states yet the status of health infrastructure and health accessibility in the region are still a grave concern. The study aims to find the interstate variations before and after the implementation of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) Act of 2005, on the public health expenditure in the North-Eastern states. Methodology: The data on public health expenditure has been obtained from the State Finance Reports of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), on population from the office of the Registrar General & Census Commission of India and the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics of respective state governments, Central Statistics Office. The study is of twenty-six years, 1990-91 to 2015-16. The study uses the coefficient of variation to determine the extent of interstate variations. Findings: The study found that the interstate variation in public healthcare expenditure with all the eight states in the region is on a decline. Further, the study found that post NRHM, the states have equalised their proportion of health spending. Novelty/Improvement: There have been no studies to compare the interstate disparity in public health expenditure in the North-Eastern states before and after the implementation of NRHM in recent years. Keywords: Public health expenditure; interstate variations; National rural health mission; North Eastern States; India
Comparative economics of mechanical and manual dehusking of Arecanut
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics, UAHS, Shimoga, 577 225, Karnataka, India, Patil Kiran Kumar R
Published: December 2020

Objectives: This research was undertaken to examine the economic benefit of mechanization in dehusking arecanut. Methods/Statistical analysis: A sample consisting 15 each of pre-harvest contractors, arecanut farmers using machines of different capacities for dehusking arecanut were randomly selected from Davanagere district of Karnataka. The economic viability of mechanization was assessed under these situations using partial budgeting technique. Findings: The results of the study indicated that the cost of dehusking one quintal of arecanut using machine was ₹141 as compared to manual method (₹276) in case of pre-harvest contractors. The per quintal cost of dehusking of own arecanut produce came to Rs.78 as against manual method(Rs.277)in case of farmers who used the machine for dehusking of their own arecanut produce and rental purpose. Application/Improvements: The study suggested that marginal farmers should use two gear machine, small farmers four gear machine and large farmers six gear machine to economize dehusking their own farm produce and earning rental income. Keywords: Mechanization; Arecanut dehusking; economic evaluation; horticulture
Effect of rural development and targeted expenditure towards poverty alleviation in Odisha, India
Authors:   Pabitra College, Parabil, 759100, Odisha, Rout Narayan
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the direct tools of poverty alleviation in Odisha, and investigate the response of alleviation programs to poverty. Method: The assessment proceeds with three simple steps of identifying: who, what and how by focusing on four important aspects namely; rural employment, rural development, food security and social security. The causes of poverty are matched with the available tools of active and operational schemes in Odisha state reported by the Dept. of Economics & statistics, Govt. of Odisha and World Bank Survey Reports during the period 2009 to 2011, the corresponding target coverage and progress are located to deduce the end period outcomes of impact on poverty rates. The under coverages shown or identified, were related to respective relevant alleviation programs using horizontal comparative analysis, which shows the changes from the reference period in absolute amount and percentages. Findings: The study reveals that the benefits and outcome of social sector and development programs (rural employment, PDS, development, social pension) have not been realized to their fullest extent. For instance, the coverage of employment schemes is low (penetration is only 3.8% in 2017 and 6.5% in 2018 against 138.53 Lakhs BPL persons) and meager to cause a fall in actual poverty. The coverage under Gopabandhu Gramin Yojana is lower at 40 % in 2019 covering 9229 projects (out of 22,538 targeted projects). Novelty: It demonstrates the use of broader and comparative assessment of key schemes to evaluate the end outcome of poverty rates and matches the periodic poverty limits to per capita gross expenditure incurred by the state. Keywords: anti-poverty; programs; alleviation tools; beneficiaries; Odisha
Role of financial inclusion in poverty alleviation in Odisha
Authors:   Pabitra College, Parabil, 759100, Odisha, Rout Narayan
Published: December 2020

Objectives: This study dwells on the role of financial inclusion in poverty alleviation. The alleviation of poverty is implemented by combining direct tools and indirect tools. Traditional solutions have not been as effective and sufficient to tackle poverty. Indirect tools include improving access to credit, promoting savings to the poor. Methods/Statistical analysis: We use district level branch banking and development indicators data for 30 districts of Odisha during the discrete period 1992 to 2011, since official poverty data for district levels are not released. Findings: When controlled for PDDP, number of bank branches plays a significant role to reduce poverty. We find that an increase of Rs. 10,000/- in PDDP can cause a fall in poverty by 4%, an increase of 10% in Rice Yield can cause fall in poverty by 1.5%, whereas, an additional 100 number of bank branches can reduce poverty by 4.7% in the districts. Application/Improvements: The results of this analysis could go further to achieve the millennium development goals in few years. Novelty: We find the relative ranking of the coefficients of real sector and finance sector variables, that when controlled for other variables, e.g., Rice Yield, No. of Branches and PDDP to negatively impact poverty rates. Keywords: inclusion; poverty alleviation; banking; NDDP; branches
DNA Extraction from Modern Dental Calculus v1
Authors: Aron Franziska
Published: December 2020

Protocol for DNA extraction from modern dental calculus samples for Illumina sequencing. This protocol uses the Qiagen PowerSoil DNA extraction kit.
Citrate sampling and 2D imaging from rhizotron grown roots with ZrOH DGT gels v1
Authors: not provided raphael.tiziani , Puschenreiter Markus , Smolders Erik , Mimmo Tanja , Carlos Herrera José , Cesco Stefano , Santner Jakob
Published: December 2020

The reliable sampling of root exudates in soil grown plants is experimentally challenging. This method shows how to sample citrate from rhizotron grown plants with ZrOH DGT gels to produce high resolution citrate imaging. The DGT technique is based on thin hydrogels with homogeneously distributed analyte-selective binding phases and is used for 2D visualization and quantification of the distribution of labile (i.e., reversibly adsorbed) analytes.
Donor Acceptance Criteria for GE/UPitt HuBMAP Inclusion v1
Authors: Jonhan Ho,
Published: December 2020

This document outlines the required criteria for donor inclusion of skin specimens in the Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP). The study intends to be as inclusive as possible of race and ethnicity, dependent only on the consent for donor tissue for research. Disease known at the time of donation or later identified during the research will not necessarily exclude the sample from the research program.
Peritectoid carbide transformation based on ε-carbide Fe2C in Fe-C-system alloys. Part 1. Basics of theory
Authors:   Bryansk State Technical University (Bryansk, Russia), Davydov S. V.
Published: December 2020

In the present work low-temperature carbide phase transformations in the system of Fe-C alloys based on ε-сarbide Fe2C with consideration of identification of θ-Fe3C cement as a solid solution were studied. It has been proved that the θ-Fe3C cement slurry is colourfastonide, and the ε-Fe2C carbide slurry is bertollide. When tempering hardened steels, ε-сarbide Fe2C is emitted in the structure of hardened martensite, which is absent in the phase diagram of iron-carbon system alloys. It is believed that ε-сarbide Fe2C is not a stable phase, and since it is metastable, it is formed only in quenched steels under non-equilibrium conditions. The isolation and dissolution of ε-сarbide Fe2C is a classic phase transformation and the absence of this transformation on the diagram is not caused by the metastable phase of ε-сarbide Fe2C, but by the incomplete iron-carbon diagram. The martensite decomposition phase transformation is based on the formation of carbon enriched zones. The processes of carbon segregation on dislocation structures and grid planes of martensite create zones with excess energy. Beginning approximately with temperature 100 °С in structure of martensite begins to allocate ε-сarbide Fe2C, finishing a stage of two-phase segregational disintegration of martensite. At rather small concentrations of carbon in cluster zones the fastest and most effective way of relaxation of redundant energy in these zones, as well as in the tetragonal lattice of martensite is the formation of phases with low value of work of nucleation, first of all ε-сarbide Fe2C and α-Fe(C) or ferrite. The main stages of phase transformations in the peritectoid reaction of martensite decomposition are considered. It is proposed to introduce the peritectoid transformation horizontal at 382 °C and the peritectic transformation horizontal of cement at 1650 °C into the Fe-C alloy state diagram.
Increasing the corrosion resistance of carbon steel by means of dipinaconborate compounds
Authors:   I. N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University (Cheboksary, Russia), Sadetdinov Sh. V. , Pestryaev D. A. ,   I. N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University (Cheboksary, Russia), Pestryaeva L. Sh. ,   Chuvash State Agrarian University (Cheboksary, Ruissia), Fadeev I. V. ,   I. Ya. Yakovlev Chuvash State Pedagogic University (Cheboksary, Russia)
Published: December 2020

For the first time, the corrosion resistance of ST10 steel in a 3% NaCl solution in the presence of lithium dipynaconborates (DPBL), sodium (DPBN) and potassium (DPBK) was studied. The method of synthesis of these dipinaconborates is given and their physical and chemical characteristics are determined. Experiments on the measurement of stationary potential high resistance voltmeter potentiostat P-5848 shown that the introduction of dipingere lithium, sodium and potassium in 3% NaCl solution leads to a noticeable increase of the corrosion resistance of steel and pestiviruses action definecolor are in a row DPBC > DPPN > DPBL. According to the obtained data of anodic polarization in a 3% aqueous solution of NaCl, the steel is actively dissolved, and when 0.1 mol/l is added, THE steel passes into a passive state. The increase in the corrosion resistance of steel is explained by the formation of a dense passive ferrohydroxoborate film on the metal surface. Gravimetric studies with the determination of the average corrosion rate, braking coefficient and degree of protection of steel St. 10 in a 3% solution of NaCl with the addition of dipineaconborates of lithium, sodium and potassium of various concentrations found that the concentration of 0.5% is optimal for them. Fatigue and corrosion-fatigue tests of ST10 steel in a solution of sodium chloride without additives and with the addition of DPBK, DPBN, DPBL showed that dipinaconborates equally reduce the destructive effect of purely corrosive and corrosion-mechanical lesions. When the content of 0.5% of potassium dipineaconborate in a solution of sodium chloride, the cyclic strength of steel increases, which is associated with a decrease in the destructive factors in reducing the cyclic strength of steel under the effect of DPBK.
THE ROLE OF HEPCIDIN 25 IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANEMIC SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH MALIGNANT DISEASES
Authors: Khagazheeva M. N. , Snegovoy A. V. , Blindar V. N. , Ryabchikov D. A. , Dobrovolskaya M. M. , Kononenko I. B. , Kelemetov A. M. , Kazakov A. M. , Palchinskaya O. V.
Published: December 2020

Anemic syndrome (АС) is a frequent complication of cancer that gives poor results of treatment and reduces quality of live of patients. The literature review is devoted to the role of the peptide hormone hepcidin 25 (HP25), which regulates systemic and local iron homeostasis, in the development of anemia. The main biological function of HP25 is to reduce the level of iron in the bloodstream, which realizes a decrease of the mobilization of iron from the depot and a decrease of absorption of iron in the intestine. Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of anemic disease in oncological practise necessarily include an assessment of the level of HP25. It was shown that HP25 is involved in the pathogenesis of anemia in malignant neoplasms. Oncological diseases are often accompanied by high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular interleukin-6 (IL-6), which causes an increase in the production of HP25. Under the influence of IL-6, HP25 blocks ferroportins and iron release by macrophages, which leads to the development of functional iron deficiency and iron deficiency erythropoiesis, thus, with prolonged exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, anemia of chronic disease develops. The treatment of АС associated with malignant neoplasms is a complex procedure. Therapeutic effect on HP25 and IL-6 is a promising prospect for the correction of anemia in cancer patients. New strategies in the pathogenetic therapy of patients with anemia are associated with the use of antihepcidin drugs that reduce the level of HP25 in the blood. However, some studies have shown that an increase in the iron content in the bloodstream increases its accessibility to the tumor and promotes its growth; therefore, further, more in-depth study of the problem of correcting АС in cancer patients is necessary
RESEARCH OF NEW PHYTOADAPTOGENS AND POSSIBILITIES OF HERBAL FORMULAS APPLICATION
Authors: Bocharova O. A. , Karpova R. V. , Bocharov E. V. , A.Vershinskaya A. A. , Baryshnikova M. A. , Kazeev I. V. , Kiselevsky M. V. , Kucheryanu V. G. , Matveev V. B.
Published: December 2020

Classic phytoadaptogens (Panax ginseng, Rhodiola rosea, Aralia mandshurica, Oplopanax elatus, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Leuzea carthamoides, Schisandra chinensis) have a complex protective effects, increasing the antitumor control of organisms. However, resistance to some adaptogens can develop. Therefore, the elaboration of multicomponent phytoadaptogen complexes based on the principle of a rational combination of complementary biologically active substances are relevant and scientifically significant. The use of several adaptogens in the herbal formula considers the absence of the organisms resistance. The review presents Russian and foreign studies devoted to the search for potential phytoadaptogens, as well as the development of complexes based on them. The possibility of regulating the protective systems of organism by components of phytoextracts with different points of pharmacological action has been shown. The advantages of multicomponent phytomixtures in comparison with individual adaptogens are substantiated. The many-sided experimental in vitro and in vivo investigations of Russian herbal formula are colligated. Its clinical application has been demonstrated in relation to a benign tumour, precancerous disease, advanced cancer process, and neurodegenerative pathology. The prospects of using the herbal formula preparations as a part of integrative medicine including oncological and age-related pathologies are shown.
RELATIONSHIP OF BLAST CELL IMMUNOPHENOTYPE WITH REMISSION IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Palladina A. D. , Popa A. V. , Nikitaev V. G. , Kondratchik K. L. , Kupryshina N. A. , Serebryakova I. N. , Shvedova T. V. , Chernysheva O. A. , Shervashidze M. A. , Tupitsyn N. N.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal disease of the blood system that occurs as a result of mutations in the genome of hematopoietic progenitor cells. As a result of mutations, the linear differentiation of hematopoietic cells is replaced by the proliferation of malignant myeloid progenitors. Currently, the risk group for AML in children is determined mainly by the presence of specific gene and chromosomal abnormalities and an increased level of peripheral blood leukocytes. The features of the immunophenotype of blast cells can also influence the course of the disease.

The aim of the work is to assess the relationship between the immunophenotypic parameters of blast cells and the probability of achieving remission in children with AML.

Materials and methods. The study included 109 patients aged 3 months to 17 years who received treatment according to the AML BFM 87, AML BFM 2004, NII DOG AML 2007 и NII DOG AML 2012 protocol in the period from 1991 to 2020.

Results. The study showed the relationship between the probability of achieving remission and the presence of markers CD33, CD19 and CD14 on tumor cells. Expression of lymphoid antigen CD19 on blasts was associated with a higher rate of remission (73.0 % vs 95.5 %, p = 0.027). The absence of the linearly associated myeloid marker CD33 negatively correlated with the remission rate (61.1 % vs 87.7 %, p = 0.007). In the presence of monocyte antigen CD14 on blasts, the probability of achieving remission was low (95 % vs 50 %, p = 0.013).

Conclusion. Characteristics of the immunophenotype of tumor cells in AML in children are associated with the probability of achieving remission.
ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF SOME DERIVATIVES OF INDOLO[2,3-A]CARBAZOLES N-GLYCOSIDES WITH XYLOSE CARBOHYDRATE RESIDUE
Authors: Golubeva I. S. , Yavorskaya N. P. , Ektova L. V. , Dmitrieva M. V. , Borisova L. M. , Eremina V. A. , Tikhonova N. I. , Pugacheva R. B.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The search for new antineoplastic agents in a series of indolo[2,3-a]-carbazole derivatives is an urgent and promising direction, since compounds with antitumor activity have been found in this class. In the chemical fusion laboratory, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center оf the Ministry of Health of Russia has developed an original and effective method for the synthesis of glycosides of indolo[2,3-a]-pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazoles, which makes it possible to synthesize derivatives of N-glycosides of indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles with different substituents in the heterocyclic parts including at the maleimide nitrogen atom and with different carbohydrate residues.

The purpose of the study – the primary assessment of the antitumor activity of new derivatives of indolocarbazoles with a carbohydrate residue xylose in models of tumor growth mice.

Materials and methods. The compounds studied at transplanted tumors of mice: the Lewis epidermoid carcinoma (LLC), colon cancer ACATOL, cervical cancer RSHM-5, breast adenocarcinoma CA-755. Studies were performed on immunocompetent mice: males and females of BDF1 hybrids (C57Bl/6 × DBA/2), females CBA/Lac and Balb/c. Compound solutions were prepared ex tempore and administered to the mice intraperitoneally at a dose of 60 mg/kg daily for five days. The antitumor effect was evaluated as to of tumor growth inhibition and increase of life span of the treated animals as compared with the control ones.

Results. Eight compounds studied, containing D-xylose as a carbohydrate component and various substituents at the maleimide nitrogen atom, showed different degrees of antitumor activity. Two derivatives have been identified: N-[5,7-dioxo-12-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-indole[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-6-il]benzamide (compound 4) and N-[5,7-dioxo-12-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-5,7,12,13-tetrahydro-6H-indole[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-6-il]pyridin-2-carboxamide (compound 8), which showed high antitumor activity on 4 solid tumors of mice with a duration of effect of 12 days or more. The most pronounced antitumor effect was obtained in compounds 4 and 8 in RSHM-5 and Ca-755, tumor growth inhibition was amounted, respectively: in RSHM-5 – 68–82 % and 80–72 %; for Ca-755 – 57–62 % and 86–68 % (p <0.05).

Conclusion. For further research, we chose the compound (N-[5,7-dioxo-12-(β-D-xilopiranosil)-5,7,12,13-tetrahydro-6H-indole[2,3-a] pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-6-il]pyridin-2-carboxamide).
FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SOCIOCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF INCLUSION IN THE INSTITUTION OF EDUCATION FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Vasylieva-Khalatnykova М.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the peculiarities of organization of socio-cultural environment of inclusion in educational institution for a person with disability. Analyzing the definitions of the sociocultural environment has allowed us to form our own definition of the phenomenon for a person with a disability: the sociocultural environment is the environment of people in an educational institution, which includes social groups, information flows, the influence of various public organizations, cultural and educational activities, values and moral qualities of the sub objects, jointly affect the change and formation of internal installations and external characteristics of the object and its socialization. We have developed a model of the sociocultural environment of a disability education institution that includes external and internal factors that affect its components, inputs, and output.

The model of sociocultural environment of educational institution for people with disabilities includes external and internal factors that affect its components, input flows and output product. Externally, the sociocultural environment of the educational institution is influenced by a number of factors that can be divided into the following groups: macrofactors, mesofactors, microfactors.

The study was attended by 46 students of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, specialty "Social Pedagogy" aged 17 to 23 years (including 3 students with disabilities) and 8 teachers and employees. Further, all the studies were conducted on the same contingent of students, only the volume of samples from the general population was changed.

More than half of students were positive about the development of inclusive education and adoption into their group of students with disabilities, which is a favorable factor in the development of social environment.
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS
Authors: Fedorenko О.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of sociodemographic research features of internally displaced persons from Donetsk and Lugansk regions that were forced to migrate to other regions of Ukraine due to the military conflict. The following features are considered: point of displacement, financial status, housing type and its satisfaction, employment type, education and the need to retrain, communication with local people and community trust, involvement in political life and seeking for the state aid. Current financial status is almost completely affects all other spheres of life. As for the results – 45.3% of the respondents have enough money for only the most necessary things; 27.4% of respondents have material difficulties and only 4.5% have an opportunity to save money. The majority of the respondents have migrated to the places where they were able to get a job. Almost 70% of the respondents (145 people) said that their work activity changed after relocation. The most satisfied respondents are those, which professional activity has not changed significantly. Most respondents have high level of trust to the community and believe that they need to trust the community. The financial condition also forces respondents to apply for state aid and receive social payments, material childcare assistance etc. The obtained results have shown that financial conditions do not allow to determine and plan the future due to lack of material resources. Therefore, the majority of respondents with material difficulties are not sure of their future. An important feature for further integration of internally displaced persons into the new community is certainty or uncertainty of their future.
THE 85TH ANNIVERSARY OF FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCE AND GEOGRAPHY, SAMARA STATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
Authors: Kazantsev Ivan Victorovich , Yaitsky Andrey Stepanovich
Published: December 2020

The paper tells about the history of Faculty of Natural Science and Geography, Samara State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities. It focuses on the turning points of its development with input from the staff of the faculty.
THE NEOLITHISATION OF EURASIA: ARCHAEOLOGICAL, ARCHAEOGENTIC AND BIOMOLECULAR PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Budja Mihael
Published: December 2020

The Mesolithic-Neolithic transformation was far more complex and variable process than previously hypothesised. The introduction of ceramic technology and initial pottery distributions in Eurasia show a wide-spread appearance of different pottery-making techniques and ornamental principles in different cultural and chronological contexts. The pattern cannot be explained by way of a narrow and gradual southeast - north west oriented spread of both people and vessels across Europe in the context of demic diffusion migratory model. The data indicate that ceramic technology was invented and reinvented more than once in different Palaeolithic and Neolithic contexts, and that hunter-gatherer communities made ceramic vessels elsewhere in Eurasia. Archaeogenetic data suggest that the processes of peopling Europe in prehistory were far more complex and variable than was first thought. The analyses of palimpsest of Ychromosomal paternal and mitochondrial maternal lineages in modern populations and of ancient DNA and palaeodemographic reconstructions show a complex picture of varied population trajectories elsewhere in Europe. Archaeological and biochemical data suggest that dairying and fermented milk consumption in Europe in Neolithic emerged before the genetic adaptation to milk culture.
STEPPE AND FOREST-STEPPE VOLGA REGIONS IN THE EARLY NEOLITHIC PERIOD: THE PROBLEM OF CONTACTS
Authors: Viskalin Aleksandr Viktorovich
Published: December 2020

According to the radiocarbon chronology formation of the Neolithic communities acquainted with manufacturing baked clay pottery takes place in the Steppe and Forest-steppe Volga region in the early Atlantic period about 6000 BC. Weakly ornamented Yelshanka point-bottomed pottery borrowed from Transurals was developing in the Forest-steppe Volga region at this period. As for the Steppe Volga region, plain-bottomed richly ornamented Cairshak pottery influenced by the traditions of the Transcaucasus Neolithic centers was spreading. Establishing close contact between Steppe and Forest-steppe Volga regions population dates as far back as the last quarter of the 6 th millennium BC which caused extrinsic for the Asiatic region features of the Yelshanka pottery such as smoothed body rib, crown bulge, geometrized ornament of drawn lines and dimples forming triangles, punctured zigzags. In the early 5 th millennium BC latitudinal contacts tended to substitute longitudinal ones which is proved by differences having appeared between the Steppe and Forest-steppe Volga region pottery. Tradition of producing ribbed vessels with crown bulge continued in the steppe was lost in the forest-steppe. Distribution of the non-ornamented plain-bottomed pottery of the Lugovskoy type in the Middle-Volga area also confirms the fact of developing latitudinal contacts. There is no such pottery in the Steppe Volga region but it can be found in numerous cultures south of the Russian Plain. As the most ancient sets of such pottery were found in the Bugo-Dnestr culture so it could be supposed that its dispersion beyond the original territory happened under the eastward pressure of the Tripolye culture. External character of the non-ornamented plain-bottomed pottery of the Lugovskoy type is proved by its typological heterogeneity. Vessels with body rib and crown bulge are characteristic for some of the pottery sets with sporadic ones having dimple-pearly girdle (e.g. Ust-Tashelka). In other sets the number of vessels with dimple-pearly girdles is much bigger while there are much less vessels with body rib and crown bulge (e.g. Krasny Gorodok, Lugovoye III) which reflects the process of assimilating the new-comers by the descendants of the Yelshanka culture.
DURATION OF THE NEOLITHIZATION: A NORTHERN VIEW
Authors: Nordqvist Kerkko
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the Neolithization and its duration in north-east Europe, traditionally seen as peripheral - and not actually Neolithic. It is proposed, through the case studies of pottery, cultivation, settlement and mass production, that conventional, Eurocentric views and definitions of the Neolithic are inadequate - Neolithic and Neolithization are much more diverse and multifaceted phenomena when observed on Eurasian or global scale. Further, Neolithization does not imply simply a technological or economic change but a more pervasive transformation in worldview. Neolithization in north-east Europe was a slow process, which took over two millennia, from the later 6th millennium BC to the mid-3rd millennium BC, or even further. Lastly, contrary to the traditional ideas propagating southern and ultimately Near-eastern origins, Northern Neolithic seems to have deep roots also in the East.