bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
17‐HYDROXYPROGESTERONE IN NORMAL CHILDREN AND CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA Measurement in Serum by Radioimmunoassay after Thin‐layer Chromatography
Authors: PETERSEN KNUD E. , CHRISTENSEN THORKIL
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Serum 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone (17 OH‐P) was measured by a specific radioimmunoassay technique combined with thin‐layer chromatography. Normal values for children are <1.1 μg/1 (<3.3 nmol/1)—corresponding to values found in the literature. In congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) values up to several hundred μg/1 are found. The values rise after ACTH stimulation and are suppressed by decadrone or cortisone treatment. The rise in 17 ketosteroids and pregnanetriol in untreated CAH is relatively smaller (15–25 fold). This clinical sensitivity of 17 OH‐P is thus valuable for the diagnosis of CAH (21 hydroxylase deficiency). Furthermore it is easier to take a blood sample than to collect urine for 24 hours. The usefulness in therapeutic monitoring is being studied.
GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSE TO PROSTAGLANDIN E2
Authors: HAMILTON W. , HUSSEIN D. M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. C‐AMP causes release of growth hormone from the pituitary. Prostaglandin increases pituitary adenylate cyclase and C‐AMP and therefore acts like a growth hormone‐releasing hormone. Using PGE2 (30 μg per kilo body weight) given intravenously we have demonstrated that in no case was there a growth hormone response to insulin hypoglycaemia when PGE2 failed to evoke a response. However in 6 of 18 patients unresponsive to insulin hypoglycaemia a significant rise in growth hormone was obtained from PGE2. We argue that in these 6 patients hypothalamic unresponsiveness to hypoglycaemia must be operative whereas PGE2 acting directly at pituitary level is likely to have caused the release of preformed growth hormone from the pituitary. Administration of PGE2 does not cause hypoglycaemia but rather a slight rise in the plasma glucose level. Thus the risk of brain damage which is inherent in the insulin hypoglycaemia test is avoided.
HYPERBILIRUBINAEMIA AND IDIOPATHIC HYPOPITUITARISM IN THE NEWBORN PERIOD
Authors: DROP S. L. S. , COLLE E. , GUYDA H. J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Two infants with idiopathic panhypopituitarism presented with severe neonatal hypoglycaemia, hepatomegaly and hyperbilirubinaemia (direct and indirect). Abnormal liver function tests returned to normal over a 5–8 month period. The growth rate in the absence of detectable growth hormone was 50% of normal during the first 6 months. The effect of growth hormone on somatomedin levels and growth rate during the first year of life in one of the infants is described.
HYPOGLYCAEMIA AND CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: GEMELLI M. , LUCA F. DE , BARBERIO G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. We report the case history of a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia which was complicated by recurrent hypoglycaemic episodes during common infections. There are few reports in literature on the association of hypoglycaemia and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In accordance with others, we believe that hypoglycaemic attacks in adrenal hyperplasia are perhaps more frequent than recorded in literature.
PROGENY OF SURVIVORS OF ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: MOE P. J. , LETHINEN M. , WEGELIUS R. , FRIMAN S. , KREUGER A. , BERG A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Eight successful pregnancies and one spontaneous abortion have been observed in 5 women belonging to a group of 212 Nordic children who had their antileukemic therapy discontinued before January 1, 1978. Furthermore a young leukemic man was the father of a healthy child after 4 years of intensive cytostatic therapy. No malformations have been observed in the progeny of these treated individuals.
SERIAL MEASUREMENTS OF THORACIC IMPEDANCE AND CARDIAC OUTPUT IN HEALTHY NEONATES AFTER NORMAL DELIVERY AND CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: FREYSCHUSS U. , NOACK G. , ZETTERSTRÖM R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Thoracic electrical impedance measurements were serially performed during the 1st, 2nd, 8th and up to the 32nd hour of life in two groups (V and S) of healthy infants. In group V, all 24 infants were delivered vaginally, in group S, all 24 infants were delivered by caesarean section for obstetrical reasons. Basal thoracic impedance (Z0), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (Q) were determined on each examination. In group V, Z0 increased from 31.9 to 34.0 ohm between 2 hours and the last recording between 8 and 32 hours. SV decreased from 4.1 to 3.4 ml between 2 and 4 hours and was accompanied by a decrease of Q from 560 to 450 ml/min. Heart rate slowed from 129 to 115 beats/min between 2 hours and the last recording at ≤8 hours. In group S, Z0 increased from 32.2 to 35.9 ohm between 2 and 8 hours. Mean SV increased from 3.6 to 4.4 ml between 8 and 32 hours and heart rate slowed from 131 to 113 beats/min between 1 and 8 hours. No significant differences were observed between the groups. The accuracy of the impedance—SV and Q data cannot be validated. For the most part they compare favourably with values previously obtained by soluble gas methods. Serial changes may reflect not only decreasing shunts and/or increasing aeration but also changes in total fluid volume of the lungs, intra‐ or extravascular. The precision of the measurements is good since reproducibility of single SV and Q determinations is higher than with standard dilution techniques. The data obtained may serve as baseline values for comparison with data in infants of the same age with various anomalies.
DOSAGE OF SALICYLATES FOR CHILDREN WITH JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS A Prospective Clinical Trial with Three Different Preparations of Acetylsalicylic Acid
Authors: MÄKELÄ ANNA‐LIISA , YRJÄNÄ TORSTI , MATTILA MAURI
Published: January 2008

Abstract. 41 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and 6 with postinfectious arthropathies, aged 3–15 years, were treated with acetylsalicylic acid for 14 days during which time the patients were hospitalized. Three different acetylsalicylic acid preparations were used: a microencapsulated form, an enteric‐coated form and standard acetylsalicylic acid tablets. Serum salicylate concentrations were measured by Trinder's photometric method. With doses of 90–120 mg/kg/day symptoms of salicylism appeared in about 50% of the cases. Daily doses of 2 g/m2 (not exceeding 70 mg/kg) proved relatively safe in this study, whereas symptoms and signs of intoxication appeared at doses exceeding 3 g/m2/day. In this respect there were no significant differences between the three acetylsalicylic acid preparations used. The results of this study also suggest that the serum salicylate concentrations should not exceed 2000 μmol/1 (about 27 mg/100 ml). The symptoms of salicylism correlated closely with serum salicylate levels, which, in turn, correlated well with the dosage in g/m2. Elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase was noted in 1/3 of the cases. All of these had a dose exceeding 2 g/m2, and the frequency of elevated enzyme activities increased with increasing dosage. In the group receiving enteric‐coated form of acetylsalicylic acid, there were fewer positive benzidine tests (12%) than in the two other groups (22–28%).
SOCIAL ADAPTATION IN JUVENILE DIABETES
Authors: JOHANSSON E. , LARSSON Y. , LUDVIGSSON J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Johansson, E., Larsson, Y. and Ludvigsson, J. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden). Social adaptation in juvenile diabetes. A sample of 36 juvenile diabetics, age 19–28 years, and with a duration of diabetes of 14–17 years were interviewed with regard to their social adaptation. Five patients could not be traced and six patients did not want to participate. Educational and professional careers were normal. However, none had received individual diabetes‐oriented vocational guidance. A majority of patients was unsatisfied with the information given at the diabetic clinics, and a negative attitude towards society and its institutions was common. Patients often felt that as children they had been neglected by the diabetic team, while their parents received all information. It is concluded that diabetic children and adolescents require continuous socio‐psychological support, that psychologists and/or social workers should be permanent members of the diabetic teams, and that paediatricians should follow diabetic patients until they are fully grown up.
SOMATOMEDIN ACTIVITY AND GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION
Authors: RAPPAPORT R. , PREVOT C. , CZERNICHOW P.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Rappaport, R., Prevot, C. and Czernichow, P. (Department of Paediatrics. Hopital des Enfants Malades, Paris, France). Somatomedin activity and growth hormone secretion. I. Changes related to body weight in anorexia nervosa. Acta Paediatr Scand 69:37, 1980.—Anorexia nervosa in childhood and adolescence, associated with impaired growth can be considered as a form of chronic malnutrition. Twelve patients aged 11 to 17 years were investigated. In spite of increased GH secretion, plasma somatomedin activities were diminished in 8 cases. Plasma T4 T3 and arginine stimulated insulin secretion were also decreased. In six patients who gained weight a significant negative correlation was found between weight deficit and plasma somatomedin activity. Prolonged administration of growth hormone in one case did not stimulate the generation of somatomedin activity. Nutrition and increased insulin secretion could play a role in changes observed during recovery
RENAL COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY IN CHILDREN WITH UNILATERAL RENAL DISEASE
Authors: WILTON P. , APERIA A. , BROBERGER O. , WIKSTAD I.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Wilton, P., Aperia, A., Broberger, O. and Wikstad, I. (Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Radiology, Karolinska Institute, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Renal compensatory hypertrophy in children with unilateral renal disease. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:83, 1980.—Kidney parenchymal size was estimated on urograms from 22 children with unilateral vesico‐ureteral reflux (VUR), 14 children with bilateral VUR and seven children with unilateral heminephrectomy. In the bilateral VUR group, one kidney was roentgenologically normal and the other was growth‐retarded. The GFR was estimated in 19 of the children. The age of the children was 3–17 years and all had a history of urinary tract infection. The size of the smaller kidney varied between 33–97% of normal. Children in the unilateral VUR group with a small kidney due to scarring and/or growth retardation showed a varying degree of compensatory hypertrophy in the contra‐lateral kidney, which was proportional to the parenchymal reduction. This compensation was inhibited in the bilateral VUR group. There was a positive correlation between the GFR and kidney size
THE EFFECTS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT ON PULMONARY FUNCTION IN CHILDREN WITH EXERCISE‐INDUCED ASTHMA
Authors: BOLME PER , ERIKSSON MARGARETA , FREYSCHUSS ULLA , WINBLADH BIRGER
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Bolme, P., Eriksson, M., Freyschuss, U. and Winbladh, B. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). The effects of pharmacological treatment of pulmonary function in children with exercise‐induced asthma. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 165, 1980.—The effects of two therapeutic regimens were investigated in eleven boys and eight girls (8–13 years) with a history of exercise‐induced asthma (EIA), who reacted with subjective signs of EIA and a decrease in FEY1.0 exceeding 10% after an exercise test. A test program (TP) including complete spirometry, bicycle ergometer and treadmill exercise tests preceded and followed by dynamic spirometry at one and five min after exercise, was performed before and after each treatment period. In 12 patients with sporadic medication before the trials, continuous peroral treatment with a combination of a ß2‐stimulating drug and a xanthine derivative for three weeks did not significantly improve TP data. In 13 children (six from the above group) who were already on continuous treatment as above, addition of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) inhalations for 3–4 weeks improved the response to acute administration of a β‐receptor stimulatory aerosol but did not influence EIA. Seven of the children continued their DSCG treatment for one year. Minor improvement of EIA provoked by cycling but not by treadmill was seen after this. The ventilatory effort in relation to working intensity was lowered. No significant differences were found between treadmill running and cycling in provoking asthma.
DEEP ACTINOMYCOSIS IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: STANLEY T. V.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Stanley, T. V. (Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, U.K.). Deep actinomycosis in childhood. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 173, 1980.—Visceral actinomycosis is extremely rare in childhood. Two cases of visceral actinomycosis in children are described, and the importance of accurate mycological diagnosis and early treatment emphasized. The outcome in one case would very probably have been fatal had the diagnosis not been considered promptly, and in the other the child would have received ineffective chemotherapy. A new observation is the presence of a defective immune response during the acute infection which returns to normal during convalescence.
DTP AND DTP‐INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINES: COMPARISON OF ADVERSE REACTIONS AND IgG, IgM and IgA ANTIBODY RESPONSES TO DTP
Authors: RUUSKANEN OLLI , VILJANEN MATTI K. , SALMI TOIVO T. , LEHTONEN OLLI‐PEKKA , KOUVALAINEN KAUKO , PELTONEN TUOMAS
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ruuskanen, O., Viljanen, M. K., Salmi, T. T., Lehtonen, O.‐P., Kouvalainen, K. and Peltonen, T. (Departments of Paediatrics and Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Finland). DTP and DTP‐inactivated polio vaccines: comparison of adverse reactions and IgG, IgM and IgA antibody responses to DTP. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:177, 1980.—Adverse reactions and anti‐DTP antibody responses were compared between DTP‐ or DTP‐inactivated‐polio‐vaccinated children. The material consisted of 380 children whose adverse reactions were registered by detailed questionnaires given to the parents. IgG‐, IgM‐ and IgA‐anti‐DTP antibodies of 42 children were quantified using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fever, restlessness and local reactions were the most frequent adverse reactions observed. DTP‐polio vaccine induced significantly more restlessness than DTP. This was the only significant difference in adverse reactions between the vaccines. An enhancement of IgG‐anti‐DTP antibody responses at the age of 6 months was observed in the DTP‐polio group. The enhancement was transient in antitoxin responses but still present in pertussis antibodies at 8 months of age. Very low and mostly undetectable levels of IgM‐ and IgA‐anti‐DTP antibodies were observed in both groups.
PLASMA SECRETIN IN NEONATES
Authors: LUCAS A. , ADRIAN T. E. , BLOOM S. R. , AYNSLEY‐GREEN A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lucas, A., Adrian, T. E., Bloom, S. R. and Aynsley‐Green, A. (University Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford and Hammersmith Hospital, London). Plasma secretin in neonates. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 205, 1980.—Plasma secretin has been measured in 96 normal 6‐day‐old term infants and in 158 healthy preterm infants whose mean post‐partum ages were 2½, 6, 13 or 24‐days. At birth, plasma secretin levels in both term and preterm infants were high compared with those seen in healthy fasting adults (p > 0.001), but subsequently declined towards adult values. In contrast, preterm infants who had not been fed for the first 6 days of life, had presistently high basal plasma secretin values. In term infants at 6 days of age and in preterm infants up to 13 days, there was no se‐cretin response to a feed. However, by 24 days, preterm infants showed a marked post‐prandial secretin elevation (p > 0.02). No correlations were found between plasma secretin concentrations and either blood glucose or plasma insulin concentrations following a feed. Significant adjustments in plasma secretin levels occur in the early weeks of life which may be influenced by enteral feeding.
ENTEROTOXIGENIC AND INVASIVE ESCHERICHIA COLI AS CAUSES OF CHILDHOOD DIARRHOEA IN FINLAND
Authors: MäKI M. , VESIKARI T. , GRöNROOS P.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Mäki, M., Vesikari, T. and Grönroos, P. (Departments of Paediatrics and Microbiology, Tampere Central Hospital, Tampere, Finland). Enterotoxigenic and invasive Escherichia coli as causes of childhood diarrhoea in Finland. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:219, 1980.—E. coli was considered as the possible aetiologic agent in 16 cases (5.7 %) of 283 hospital admissions for diarrhoea. One invasive strain was isolated from a case with exudative diarrhoea. Four heat‐labile (LT) enterotoxin‐producing strains were found in relatively mild cases of diarrhoea. Eleven strains belonged to “classic” pathogenic serotypes (EPEC); 9 of these were endemic cases and 2 associated with travel. Of the latter, 1 strain (078) was also found to produce heat‐stable (ST) enterotoxin detectable by infant mouse assay. Although EPEC are now found much less frequently than 20 years ago, E. coli as a whole may still be the most common bacterial aetiology of childhood diarrhoea in Finland.
IRON RELEASE FROM THE STORES: A MECHANISM IN MAINTENANCE OF CONCENTRATION OF HEMOGLOBIN IN LOW‐BIRTH‐WEIGHT INFANTS
Authors: LUNDSTRöM U.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lundström, U. (Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Findland). Iron release from the stores: A mechanism in maintenance of concentration of hemoglobin in low‐birth‐weight infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 249, 1980.—After the resuming of the postnatal red cell production at two months of age infants are dependant on storage iron due to the great need for iron at a time when the iron content of the diet is low. This is even further accentuated in low‐birth‐weight infants. In this study the release of storage iron in the hemoglobin pool. During the two month period from two to four months of age at least 20 mg of iron per month was transferred from the storage sites for hemoglobin production. This amount represents 5 mg per kg of body weight and exceeds the rate iron was mobilized from storage sites in an adult male under experimental conditions. Rapid weight gain was associated with early depletion of iron stores. However, residual iron stores in infants with the slowest growth rate could not maintain the level of hemoglobin achieved in iron‐supplemented low‐birth‐weight infants. These findings suggest that in rapidly growing low‐birth‐weight infants the need of iron for erythropoiesis is so great that iron deficient erythropoiesis may develop in the presence of iron stores if the diet is not supplemented with iron.
AN ARTHOROPATHIC FROM OF OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
Authors: PENTTINEN R. , SIPOLA E. , KOUVALAINEN K. , SIMILä S. , REMES M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Penttinen, R., Sipola, E., Kouvalainen, K., Similä, S. and Remes, M. (Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Turku, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Finland). Arthropathic osteogenesis imperfecta. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:263, 1980.—A 14‐year‐old girl gradually developed severe osteoporosis and destructive generalized joint disease, resulting in joint stiffness and anchyloses. She also had moderate hydroxyprolinemia and hydroxyprolinuria. Rheumatoid arthritis was highly unlikely. Anamnestic data revealed two long bone fractures. Collagen biosynthesis was studied in fibroblasts cultured from the patient's skin. Chromatograms of 3H‐labelled culture media proteins on ion exchange celluloses revealed an increased ratio of type III collagen to type I collagen when compared with the chromatograms of age‐matched control fibroblasts. This finding is typical of certain cell strains in osteogenesis imperfecta. The patient might thus express a new variety of osteogenesis imperfecta with chronic arthropathy.
SERUM DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE (DHA) AND SULPHATE (DHAS) AFTER ACUTE GROWTH HORMONE THERAPY
Authors: RUDD B. T. , RAYNER P. H. W. , BASSETT R. M. , WILLIAMS J. W.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Rudd, B. T., Rayner, P. H. W., Bassett, R. M. and Williams, J. W. (Institute of Child Health, University of Birmingham and Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Central Birmingham Health District, England). Serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and sulphate (DHAS) after acute growth hormone therapy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:287, 1980. —To test the hypothesis that growth hormone (hGH) may increase adrenal androgen production dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and its sulphate (DHAS) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in the serum from 7 children with growth hormone deficiency, 2 of whom had delayed puberty. Two injections of hGH (10 mg) were given 48h apart and the hormone concentrations measured at 3, 6, 24 and 48h after the first injection, 3, 6 and 24h after the second. Basal DHA levels were positively correlated with age and bone age in 6 of the 7 patients (p > 0.05). Increments of DHA and DHAS above or below basal at each time interval were calculated. The mean increments were higher (p > 0.01–0.05) at 3h after the first injection and at 24h (p > 0.025–0.05) after the second when compared to any other time during the test. Basal DHA concentrations were positively correlated with increments in DHA during the first and second 24 h of the test (p > 0.05). DHAS concentrations showed little change throughout the test for all children. It is suggested that some children with growth hormone deficiency and receptive adrenals, increase their serum DHA concentrations after acute hGH therapy.
ENHANCED RENAL TUBULAR CALCIUM REABSORPTION INDEPENDENT OF PARATHORMONE ACTIVITY, IN CHILDREN ON LONG TERM ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY
Authors: ALADJEM M. , SHOHAT M. , ORDA S. , BOICHIS H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Aladjem, M., Shohat, M., Orda, S., and Boichis, H. (Pediatric Renal Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and the Sadder School of Medicine, Tel‐Aviv University, Israel). Enhanced renal tubular calcium reabsorption, independent of parathormone activity, in children on long term anticonvulsant therapy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 311, 1980.—A significant reduction in the urinary calcium‐creatinine ratio, was found in thirty‐four ambulatory epileptic children on long term anticonvulsant therapy, studied during wintertime. No significant difference in the urinary excretion of cyclic AMP, phosphate or amino‐acids was observed when the study‐group was compared to an age‐matched control group. Serum calcium and phosphate values were normal, but a significant increment in alkaline phosphatase was noted. Since there was no evidence of hyperactivity of the parathormone, it is suggested that the enhanced renal tubular calcium reabsorption in children on long term anticonvulsant therapy is a nonparathormone mediated phenomenon, possibly compensating for reduced calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
STUDY OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN SICK NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: JENKINS J. G. , REID M. McC. , McCLURE B. G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Jenkins, J. G., Reid, M. McC. and McClure, B. G. (Special Care Baby Unit, Royal Maternity Hospital, and Department of Child Health, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland). Study of heart rate variability in sick newborn infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 393, 1980.—Heart rate variability has been studied in a group of 66 newborn infants for periods of up to 72 hours from birth. Long term variability was reduced in infants suffering from the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and this was more marked with severe respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation. Persistent reduction in long term variability was associated with increased mortality. Reduction in heart rate variability may be due to high levels of sympathetic activity.
INACTIVATED POLIOVACCINE: ADVERSE REACTIONS AND ANTIBODY RESPONSES
Authors: RUUSKANEN OLLI , SALMI TOIVO T. , STENVIK MIRJA , LAPINLEIMU KAISA
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ruuskanen, O., Salmi, T. T., Stenvik, M. and Lapinleimu, K. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku, and the Central Public Health Laboratory, Helsinki, Finland). Inactivated poliovaccine: adverse reactions and antibody responses. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:397, 1980.—Adverse reactions and antibody responses after inactivated poliovaccine were studied in 380 children. Fever reaction (≥37.5°C rectally) was recorded in 14% of children after the first poliovirus vaccination and in 19% after the second. Restlessness was reported in 15 % and 14 % of the children. Fever reaction exceeding 38.5°C was seen in 5% of the vaccines. Before the first vaccination at the age of six months 29% of the 48 children had antibodies against poliovirus types 1 and 2 and 43% against type 3. The first vaccination induced no significant changes in antibody titers. After the second vaccination antibody responses were low and 35%, 9%, and 35% remained seronegative to types 1, 2 and 3, respectively. After the third vaccination at the age of two years the respective geometric mean titers were 1:67, 1: 335 and 1:48. No measurable antibodies were found to type 1 in 23%, to type 2 in 2%, and to type 3 in 10%. Only one child was triplenegative. All seronegative children were revaccinated and in all vaccinees a seroconversion ocurred two weeks after the booster dose. The combination of inactivated poliovaccine to DPT (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) vaccine induced no significant change in poliovirus antibodies or in adverse reactions.
LDL RECEPTOR STUDIES IN CHILDREN WITH HETEROZYGOUS FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA (FH): MEASUREMENT OF STEROL SYNTHESIS IN BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: ANDERSEN G. E. , JOHANSEN K. B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Andersen, G. E. and Johansen, K. B. (the Neonatal Department, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark). LDL receptor studies in children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH): Measurement of sterol synthesis in blood lymphocytes. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 447, 1980.—Sterol synthesis was measured in lymphocytes from 48 members of 10 families with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) under three sets of conditions. First the synthesis of LDL receptors and sterols were maximally stimulated by incubation of lymphocytes in lipoprotein‐deficient serum. Secondly sterol synthesis was suppressed by the addition of LDL and thirdly sterol synthesis was maximally suppressed by the addition of 7‐ketocholesterol. In five of the ten families LDL suppression of sterol synthesis in FH heterozygotes was only about half of the LDL suppression in normals. In four families, however, there was a considerable overlapping of LDL suppression in FH heterozygotes and normals. Finally in one family LDL suppression was strictly normal in FH heterozygotes who thus appear to have a different type of FH not involving an impaired LDL receptor function.
ENDOGENOUS CLEARANCE RATE AND SYNTHESIS OF ALPHAFOETOPROTEIN DURING AND AFTER BLOOD EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION IN HYPERBILIRUBINAEMIC NEWBORNS
Authors: TEPPO ANNA‐MAIM , SIMELL OLLI
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Teppo, A.‐M. and Simell, O. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland). Endogenous clearance rate and synthesis of alphafoetoprotein during and after blood exchange transfusion in hyperbilirubinaemic newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 491, 1980. —Plasma alphafoetoprotein (AFP) concentration was monitored in 22 hyperbilirubinaemic infants during blood exchange transfusion at the age of 0–4 days, in order to determine the endogenous clearance rate and demonstrate possible postnatal synthesis of AFP. The rapid fall in plasma AFP during the transfusion to 19±4% (mean ±1 S.D.) was followed by an increase to 81±15% of the initial concentration; only a 68% rise was expected after the establishment of a new equilibrium between the intra‐ and extravascular pools of AFP. Repeated transfusions in the same individuals gave similar findings. In two infants the total amount of AFP in these pools increased by 4.0–7.4 mg after the transfusions. The results could be accounted for by postnatal AFP synthesis. Because of the diffusion of AFP from the extravascular compartment to the intravascular pool the actual turnover rate of AFP could not be measured. The estimated magnitude of endogenous turnover rate of AFP, 0.02–0.09 min‐1, gave a mean half‐life of about 20 min, which is distinctly shorter than that of AFP in plasma (3–5 days); this could be due to either continuous synthesis of AFP or transfer of presynthesized AFP from the liver cells to extracellular pool. We postulate that either the synthesis or the turnover rate of AFP is controlled by the plasma AFP concentration via a negative feedback mechanism.
FULMINANT MENINGOCOCCEMIA IN A CHILD WITH HEREDITARY DEFICIENCY OF THE SEVENTH COMPONENT OF COMPLEMENT AND PROTEINURIA
Authors: LOIRAT C. , BURIOT D. , PELTIER A. P. , BERCHE P. , AUJARD Y. , GRISCELLI C. , MATHIEU H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Loirat, C., Buriot, D., Peltier, A. P., Berche, P., Aujard, Y., Griscelli, C. and Mathieu, H. (Clinique de Pédiatre, Hôpital Bretonneau and U 120 INSERM; U 18 INSERM, Centre André Lichtwitz, Hôpital Lariboisiere; Unité d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie and Laboratoire Central de Bactérologie, Hôpital des Enfants Malades, Paris, France). Fulminant meningococcemia in a child with hereditary deficiency of the seventh component of complement and proteinuria. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:553, 1980.—A previously healthy 14‐year‐old boy presented with fulminant meningococcemia. He was found to have a total deficiency of C7. His serum totally lacked bactericidal activity against Neisseria meningitidis. Addition of purified C7 restored the serum hemolytic and bactericidal activity. Susceptibility to disseminated Neisseria infections has previously been reported in 3 patients with C7 deficiency, as well as in a few patients with deficiency of C5, C6 and C8. These findings emphasize the importance of intact complement mediated bactericidal activity in host defense against disseminated Neisseria infections. Evaluation of the complement system in individuals with Neisseria infections appears mandatory.
CONGENITAL CHLORIDE DIARRHEA: POSSIBILITY FOR PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: HARTIKAINEN‐SORRI A.‐L. , TUIMALA R. , KOIVISTO M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hartikainen‐Sorri, A.‐L., Tuimala, R. and Koivisto, M. (Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Finland). Congenital chloride diarrhea: possibility for prenatal diagnosis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 807, 1980.—Two pregnancies, which resulted in the births of infants affected by congenital chloride diarrhea (C.C.D.) are presented. No method is available for prenatal diagnosis of this disorder. In this paper the intrauterine onset of diarrhea is confirmed by amniofoetography and high bilirubin values in amniotic fluid. In the second case the amniotic fluid alpha‐fetoprotein (A.F.P.) was detected to be abnormally high at the 29th gestational week.
LDL RECEPTOR STUDIES IN TERM AND PRE‐TERM INFANTS: MEASUREMENT OF STEROL SYNTHESIS IN CORD BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: ANDERSEN GUNNAR E. , JOHANSEN KRISTIAN B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Andersen, G. E. and Johansen, K. B. (The Neonatal Department, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark). LDL receptor studies in term and pre‐term infants: Measurement of sterol synthesis in cord blood lymphocytes. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 577, 1980.—Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity was measured in lymphocytes from pre‐term and term infants in order to elucidate if the hypercholesterolemia found in pre‐term infants might be secondary to a block in cholesterol transport across the cell membrane, analogous to that seen in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). LDL receptor activity was found to be fully developed in pre‐term infants and no different from that of term infants and of a normal adult control.
EVOLUTION OF LIPOPROTEIN PATTERNS IN NEWBORNS
Authors: BIERVLIET J. P. VAN , VERCAEMST R. , KEERSGIETER W. DE , VINAIMONT N. , CASTER H. , ROSSENEU M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Van Biervliet, J. P., Vercaemst, R., De Keersgieter, W., Vinaimont, N., Caster, H. and Rosseneu, M. (Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint‐Jan, Brugge, Belgium). Evolution of lipoprotein patterns in newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 593, 1980. —The plasma levels of total and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and of the major apolipoproteins (apo B and apo A‐I) were studied in 30 newborns, on cord blood and after 7 and 30 days of life. The evolution of these parameters during the first month of life shows that newborns have low LDL cholesterol and apo B levels at birth, which increase drastically during the first week and remain constant between 7 and 30 days. The HDL cholesterol and apo A‐I levels are proportionally high at birth and keep increasing slowly up to 30 days. During this period, the cholesterol/apoprotein ratio remains constant in the LDL and HDL class. These data suggest that lipid and apoprotein levels at 7 days are more representative than cord‐blood levels and more meaningful for a screening of congenital hypercholesterolemia. The cholesterol/apo B and apo B/apo A‐I ratios, which are considered to be better predictive factors for atherosclerosis, should be included as screening parameters.
EFFECT OF POSITIVE‐END‐EXPIRATORY‐PRESSURE ON RIGHT VENTRICULAR OUTPUT IN LAMBS WITH HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE
Authors: COTTON R. B. , LINDSTROM DANIEL P. , KANAREK KEITH S. , SUNDELL HAKAN , STAHLMAN MILDRED T.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Cotton, R. B., Lindstrom, D. P., Kanarek, K. S., Sundell, H. and Stahlman, M. T. (Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA). Effect of positive‐end‐expiratory‐pressure on right ventricular output in Iambs with hyaline membrane disease. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:603, 1980.—Right and left ventricular outputs, pulmonary and systemic blood flows, and blood flows in both directions through the ductus arteriosus were measured before and during positive‐end‐expiratory‐pressure in 5 premature lambs with induced hyaline membrane disease. During positive‐end‐expiratory‐pressure, right ventricular output increased in all Iambs without any significant change in left ventricular output or pulmonary vascular resistance. Left‐to‐right ductus flow decreased in lambs which initially had large left‐to‐right ductus shunts. Significant right‐toleft ductus flow did not occur before or during positive‐end‐expiratory‐pressure.
AMPHETAMINE ADDICTION AND PREGNANCY
Authors: BILLING L. , ERIKSSON M. , LARSSON G. , ZETTERSTRÖM R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Billing, L., Eriksson, M., Larsson, G. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Amphetamine addition and pregnancy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 675, 1980.—Sixty‐six infants born to amphetamine‐addicted mothers were followed during their first year of life. The children were divided into three groups, according to whether or not the mother stopped her abuse in early pregnancy (Group I) or continued (Group II) and whether or not the latter children were placed in foster homes immediately after birth (Group III). All but 2 of 16 mothers in Group I stayed off drugs and mostly met non‐addicted friends. In Group II, on the contrary, all but 2 of 36 mothers continued their abuse one year after delivery. At the age of one year, all but one child in Group I were in their mothers' custody and all children in Group III had remained in foster care. In Group II one‐third of the children lived in foster homes after revocation of the maternal custody. Several infants in Group II had experienced multiple transfers between the biological home and different foster homes. There were indicators that maternal amphetamine abuse causes temporary drowsiness in the infants during the first months after birth. However, all children at the age of 12 months, regardless of group, had a somatic and psychomotor development in accordance with the normal Swedish standard. In all groups there was an increased rate of medical care mainly because of infections. Some infants in Group II compared to none in Groups I and III were hospitalized be‐cause of failure to thrive or suspected physical abuse. Symptoms indicating emotional disturbance were more common in infants of Group II than in infants of Groups I and III.
EXERCISE TESTING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHILDREN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS1
Authors: THORÉN CLAES
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Thorén, C. (Department of Pediatrics, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Exercise testing with special reference to children with diabetes mellitus. Acta Paediatr Sand, Suppl. 283: 29, 1980.—The purpose of exercise testing in diabetes mellitus is to examine physical fitness and to motivate the patient to perform physical activity as a valuable part of the treatment. Different types of tests and ergometry are presented. The step wise increase of workload at submaximal levels is recommended for diabetics as an annual test. Maximal exercise is of value in determining the maximal oxygen uptake (v˙o2 max)=the aerobic capacity, maximal heart rate and systolic blood pressure.
RESYNTHESIS OF MUSCLE GLYCOGEN STORES DURING RECOVERY FROM PROLONGED EXERCISE IN NON‐DIABETIC AND DIABETIC SUBJECTS
Authors: HERMANSEN LARS
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hermansen, L. Laboratory for Muscle Physiology, Work Research Institute, Oslo, Norway). Resynthesis of muscle glycogen stores during recovery from prolonged exercise in non‐diabetic and diabetic subjects. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 283: 33, 1980.—Six male juvenile diabetics were compared with six non‐diabetic male subjects regarding the rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis during recovery after prolonged exercise. The glycogen synthesis were similar in the two groups, which indicates that diabetics can participate in strenous daily physical activity just as non‐diabetics.,
EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXERCISE AND TRAINING ON INSULIN BINDING TO MONOCYTES AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN VIVO
Authors: KOIVISTO V. A. , SOMAN V. R. , DEFRONZO R. , FELIG P.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Koivisto, V. A., Soman, V. R., DeFronzo, R. and Felig, P. (Department of Medicine, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA). Effects of acute exercise and training on insulin binding to monocytes and insulin sensitivity in vivo. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 283: 70, 1980.—Insulin binding to monocytes was studied in well‐trained long distance runners and in sedentary control subjects in the resting state and after 3 h cycle ergometer exercise at 40% of maximal aerobic power. In addition, in previously untrained subjects we examined the effect of 6 weeks of training on insulin binding to monocytes and insulin sensitivity in vivo. In the athletes at rest, insulin binding to monocytes was 69% higher than in controls (p<0.01), and correlated with maximal aerobic power (r= 0.63, p< 0.05). The rise in insulin binding in the athletes was due to an increase in binding capacity rather than a change in binding affinity. During exercise, insulin binding fell in athletes by 31 % (p<0.025) in contrast to a 35 % rise observed in control subjects (p<0.01). As compared to controls, the athletes had a lower respiratory exchange ratio and a smaller decline in plasma glucose during exercise. In previously untrained subjects, physical training resulted in a 35% rise in insulin binding to monocytes (p<0.02). The rise in binding was due mainly to an increase in binding capacity. Insulin mediated glucose uptake (as measured by insulin clamp technique) also rose by 30% after physical training (p<0.01). The rise in insulin sensitivity was proportional to the improvement in physical fitness (r=0.81, p<0.05). These findings indicate that (a) elevated insulin binding may contribute to the enhanced insulin sensitivity observed after physical training, (b) a fall in insulin binding in athletes during acute exercise may contribute to a greater shift from carbohydrate to fat utilization during exercise in athletes as compared to sedentary controls. These data suggest that physical training may provide a means of reversing or ameliorating abnormalities in insulin binding and sensitivity in insulin resistant states, such as obesity or maturity onset diabetes.
IMPORTANCE OF INSULIN ABSORPTION, SUBCUTANEOUS BLOOD FLOW, AND RESIDUAL BETA‐CELL FUNCTION IN INSULIN THERAPY
Authors: LAURITZEN T. , BINDER C. , FABER O. K.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lauritzen, T., Binder, C. and Faber, O. K. (Steno Memorial Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark). Importance of insulin absorption, subcutaneous blood flow, and residual beta‐cell function in insulin therapy. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 283: 81, 1980.—The interaction between variation in insulin absorption and beta‐cell function was studied as well as the possible relation between subcutaneous blood flow through the region of injection and the variability in insulin absorption. The results indicate that the dose of insulin, the type of insulin preparation and the local blood flow influence the insulin absorption. Residual endogenous insulin secretion, governed by the blood glucose values, serves as a modulator.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH
Authors: ENGSTRÖM LARS‐MAGNUS
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Engström, L.‐M. (Department of Educational Research, Stockholm Institute of Education, Stockholm, Sweden). Physical activity of children and youth. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 283: 101, 1980.—Originally 2144 15‐year‐old‐boys and girls from different parts of Sweden participated in this follow‐up study concerning physical activity during leisure time. During a ten year period the drop out amounted to 22 %. The main objective of the investigation was to describe variations in trend and scope of physical activity in relation to the individual, the background and environmental variables. The attitude towards physical exercise was very positive. The amount of physical activity did not correspond to this attitude for all young people. The average activity declined between the ages of 15 and 20 from 3.3 hours a week to 1.8 among the girls and from 4.8 to 2.6 among the boys. From 20 to 25 years of age there was, however, an increase from 1.8 to 2.2 for the girls and from 2.6 to 2.9 for the boys. Girls chose recreational activities more often than boys did. The choices of activities were related to social background and educational level.
CHILDREN TALK ABOUT DEATH
Authors: RAIMBAULT G.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Raimbault. G. (Inserm U.158, Hôpital des Enfants Malades, Paris, France). Children talk about death. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:179, 1981–As a psychoanalyst in a pediatric nephrology ward, I have listened to children talking about dying and death. As soon as a child can express himself freely on this subject, no further age‐dependent progress concerning the concept of death can be observed. Faced with disease and death, the child is led to the same images and conclusions, to the same order of ideas as the adult. This clearsightedness does not prevent the appearance of mechanisms of defence against the idea of death. Faced with the silence of the adult, the dying child shuts himself up in loneliness. However, the child does not want to be alone: he craves to be recognized. During the time left before his death, to be recognized is for him synonymous with: “to be recognized near death”. To let a child talk about his death is to let him talk about his life, to bring him the only possible help, that is, to be with him till the end.
FATAL FAMILIAL STEATOSIS OF MYOCARDIUM, LIVER AND KIDNEYS IN THREE SIBLINGS
Authors: SUPRUN H. , FREUNDLICH E.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Suprun, H. and Freudlich, E. (Departments of Pathology, Cytology and Pediatrics, Nahariyya Government Hospital, Nahariyya, Israel). Fatal familial steatosis of myocardium, liver and kidneys in three siblings. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:247, 1981. – A 2‐day‐old male and 3‐day‐oId female child were born within the span of one year to two young and healthy unrelated parents with no history of any past illness. A third child was born two years later. After birth, the first born baby appeared well but became ill the following day with marked dyspnea, cyanosis, generalized flaccidity, bradycardia and finally total respiratory arrest. The second child suffered with an almost identical clinical picture and succumbed to its illness in a manner quite similar to that of its sibling brother. Likewise, the third child at the age of seven months became apathic, cyanotic and dyspneic. It died ten minutes after arrival in the hospital in a state of unconsciousness. Autopsies of all siblings demonstrated very similar macroscopic and microscopic findings of a peculiar diffuse intense fatty degeneration of the liver and myocardium with focal renal tubular epithelial involvement. Apparently, all three siblingssuffered with and died of a type of fatal steatosis affecting some of the most important organs of the body.
PERINATAL CAMPYLOBACTER FETUS SS JEJUNI ENTERITIS
Authors: VESIKARI TIMO , HUTTUNEN LEENA , MäKI RITVA
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Vesikari, T., Huttunen, L. and Mäki, R. (Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Tampere; Department of Paediatrics, Central Hospital of Päijät‐Häme, and Department of Microbiology, Tampere Central Hospital, Finland). Perinatal Campylobacter fetus ss jejuni enteritis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:261, 1980. –A 2‐day‐old breast‐fed male infant developed mucoid and bloody diarrhoea, and Campylobacter fetus ss jejuni was isolated from the stools but not from the blood. The probable source of transmission was his mother in whom symptoms of Campylobacter jejuni‐ associated illness began one day earlier. Both showed IgM, IgG and IgA antibody responses to autologous and reciprocal strains of Campylobacter jejuni as studied by ELISA.
EFFECTS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS SERUM AND CELL CULTURE MEDIUM ON THE MUCOCILIARY ACTIVITY OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
Authors: TEGNER H. , CEDER O. , ROOMANS G. M. , KOLLBERG H. , TOREMALM N. G.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Tegner, H., Ceder, O., Roomans, G. M., Kollberg, H. and Torcmalm, N. G. (Department of Otolaryngology, University of Lund, Malmo General Hospital, Malmo, Department of Pediatrics, University of Umea, Umea, and the Wenner‐Gren Institute, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden). Effects of cystic fibrosis serum and cell culture medium on the mucociliary activity of the respiratory tract. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:629,.–As previously reported a cystic fibrosis factor (CFF) is associated with the dyskinetic ciliary motion induced by serum and cell culture medium from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study a sensitive, standardized method, for the photoelectric recording of mucociliary activity was used to examine the effect of sera and media from cell cultures taken from patients with CF and healthy controls, on the mucociliary activity of rabbit trachea in vitro. No signs of decreased mucociliary activity were observed and electron microscopy showed normal ultrastructure and orientation of cilia.
THE EFFECT ON GROWTH OF CHILDHOOD ASTHMA
Authors: MARTIN A. J. , LANDAU L. I. , PHELAN P. D.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Martin, A. J., Landau, L. I. and Phelan, P. D. (Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia). The effect on growth of childhood asthma. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:683,.–The effect on growth of asthma has been documented in a prospective study from age 7 to 21 years in a randomly selected group of 342 subjects. These subjects covered the whole spectrum of childhood wheezing. Growth suppression was first noted at 10 years of age in the more severely affected groups and was most marked at 14 years of age. By 21 years of age, all groups had achieved a height and weight not significantly different from control subjects. Growth delay occurred in children with more persistent asthma even if they had never received oral corticosteroid therapy but growth was more delayed in those receiving oral steroids. The effect of steroids was most significant in those with frequent episodic asthma whose asthma alone was probably not sufficiently severe to retard growth.