bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Governing uncertainty in a secular age: Rationalities of violence, theodicy and torture
Authors: Mavelli Luca
Published: December 2015

This article explores the problem of governing uncertainty in a secular age by focusing on the theological notion of ‘theodicy’ as the underlying rationale for the use of torture in the so-called ‘war on terror’. With God’s departure from the world, the problem of uncertainty acquires new salience as human beings can no longer explain tragic events as part of a transcendent order and must find immanent causes for the ‘evils’ that surround them. Taking a cue from Max Weber, I discuss how the problem of theodicy – how to reconcile the existence of God with the presence of evil in the world – does not disappear in the secular age but is mobilized through a Foucauldian biopolitical logic. Secular theodicy governs uncertainty through the production of economies of knowledge that rationalize processes of criminalization and securitization of entire groups and justify the use of violence. This process is particularly striking when analysing the use of torture in the so-called ‘war on terror’. Through a comparison with medieval practices and focusing on the cases of Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib, the article shows how secular torture is the product of a biopolitical theodicy aimed at governing uncertainty through the construction of the tortured as immanent evils who threaten our ‘good life’ and ‘deserve’ their treatment. Secular theodicy turns torture into an extreme form of governmentality of uncertainty in which the disciplining of conduct becomes the construction of subjectivities based on essentialist, stereotypical and racist – and for these very reasons, reassuring – economies of knowledge.
Understanding the social development of a post-socialist large housing estate: The case of Leipzig-Grünau in eastern Germany in long-term perspective
Authors: Grossmann Katrin , Kabisch Nadja , Kabisch Sigrun
Published: December 2015

For decades, public and scholarly debates on large, post-war housing estates in western Europe have been concerned with social decline. After 1989/1990, the point in time of fundamental societal change in eastern Europe, this concern was transferred to estates in post-socialist cities. However, empirical evidence for a general negative trend has not emerged. Recent publications confirm the persistence of social mix and highlight the differentiated trajectories of estates. This paper aims to contribute to an approach of how to conceptually make sense of these differentiated trajectories. Using data from a unique longitudinal survey in East Germany, starting in 1979, we investigate the state of social mix, drivers of social change and the inner differentiation in the housing estate Leipzig-Grünau. We found no proof for a dramatic social decline, rather there is evidence for a slow and multi-faceted change in the social and demographic structure of the residents contributing to a gradual social fragmentation of the estate. This is a result of path dependencies, strategic planning effects and ownership structures. We discuss these drivers of large housing estate trajectories and their related impacts by adapting a framework of multiple, overlapping institutional, social and urban post-socialist transformations. We suggest embedding the framework in a wider and a local context in which transformations need to be seen. In conclusion, we argue for a theoretical debate that makes sense of contextual differences within such transformations.
From Sacred to Commodity and Beyond: Colour and Values in India
Authors: Jha Sadan
Published: December 2015

A venture in a less traversed terrain of Indian scholarship, this article looks at the transformation in the value regimes that go into the making of colours in the Indian milieu. At one level, this study traces the sacredness imbued in colours and at another level the article delves into the genealogy that gives rise to a complex where colour, colonial investment in the economy of colours (with an aim at capitalizing colours as commodities), values and experiential dynamics enshrined in the imageries and practices associated with colours all come together. With these entanglements, the idea is to engage with the social fabrics and the politics of colours in the Indian milieu. In this rendering, the distinction between values and forms collapses giving us in turn a field of aesthetic experience. Mobilizing a wide range of registers (written as well as pictorial, archival as well as literary), this story is narrated with key rubrics, such as, ambiguous location of colour in the discourse on visuality, social and cultural life of colours and the manner in which Western science and modernity has influenced the values pertaining to colours. However, the core anxiety is parked on the relation between colour, aesthetic experience and the question of value.
Book Review: Jean Dreze and Amartya Sen, An Uncertain Glory: India and Its Contradictions
Authors: Jain Ektaa
Published: December 2015

Jean Dreze and Amartya Sen, An Uncertain Glory: India and Its Contradictions, 2013, London: Penguin, pp. 433, ₹ 599, ISBN 978-0-141-97582-5.
Book Review: Martha C. Nussbaum, Not For Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities
Authors: Das Amiya Kumar
Published: December 2015

Martha C. Nussbaum, Not For Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities, 2012, Princeton and Oxford, MA: Princeton University Press, pp. 184, $15, ISBN: 978-0-691-15448-0 (Paperback).
Book Review: Richard Barrett, The Values-Driven Organization: Unleashing Human Potential for Performance and Profit
Authors: Jha Snigdh
Published: December 2015

Richard Barrett, The Values-Driven Organization: Unleashing Human Potential for Performance and Profit, 2014, New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 247, ₹ 871, ISBN 978-0-415-81503-1.
Book Review: Avijit Pathak, On Social Constraints and the Great Longing: An Essay on the Human Condition
Authors: Priyam Chayanika
Published: December 2015

Avijit Pathak, On Social Constraints and the Great Longing: An Essay on the Human Condition, 2014, New Delhi: Aakar Books, pp. 140, ₹ 395, ISBN 978-93-5002-267-2.
Book Review: Romila Thapar, The Past as Present: Forging Contemporary Identities through History
Authors: Roy Ratan Kumar
Published: December 2015

Romila Thapar, The Past as Present: Forging Contemporary Identities through History, 2014, New Delhi: Aleph Book Company, pp. 329, ₹ 595, ISBN: 978-93-83064-01-4.
Competition states in the neoliberal era: Towards third-generation regulation theory
Authors: Neilson David , Stubbs Thomas H
Published: December 2015

The Varieties of Capitalism approach envisages a process by which national capitalisms converge towards two distinct institutional formations. In contrast, it is argued here that countries singularly converge towards the regulatory bias of the prevailing model of development, but divergence exists within this convergence because unevenly developing countries respond contingently to the regulatory dilemmas of capitalism. This claim is empirically assessed for the neoliberal model of development. The findings show that countries prioritize competitiveness by pursuing differing mixes of neoliberal and non-neoliberal elements. This variation is mapped onto a six-pronged typology of ‘competition states’. Overall, this revised regulation approach broadens and deepens insights into national regulatory dilemmas and responses to the prevailing model of development.
The first 25 years of the Queensland Rugby Football League: Claims to legitimacy in annual reports
Authors: Irvine Helen , Fortune Michelle
Published: December 2015

Despite the cultural importance of sporting organizations, little academic attention has been paid to the legitimizing role of their annual reports. In this paper we examine the role of annual reports in establishing the legitimacy of a new organization, the Queensland Rugby Football League (QRFL), founded in 1908. Contextualized with media reports from newspapers of the day, 12 annual reports from QRFL’s first 25 years are analysed and interpreted using insights from legitimacy theory. Through the presentation of audited financial statements and persuasive narrative accounts of its operations and success, QRFL made claims to pragmatic, moral and cognitive legitimacy as it sought to establish a niche as a new football code and organization. This contextualized study situates the annual reports in their historical landscape, providing insights about how they contributed to QRFL’s efforts in overcoming the liability of newness in a competitive sports environment.
Herpes simplex encephalitis in a captive black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya)
Authors: Barnes Katie J. , Garner Michael M. , Wise Annabel G. , Persiani Michele , Maes Roger K. , Kiupel Matti
Published: December 2015

An 18-month-old captive black howler monkey ( Alouatta caraya) died after a 3-day history of neurologic signs. Gross findings at autopsy were limited to bloody, yellow, and foul-smelling intestinal contents. Histologically, there was extensive necrotizing meningoencephalitis predominantly in both cerebral hemispheres, and lymphohistiocytic, neutrophilic infiltrate expanded the subarachnoid and Virchow–Robbin space. In the most severely affected regions, neurons contained eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies surrounded by a clear halo and margination of the chromatin. Electron microscopy of the affected cells revealed numerous intranuclear viral particles characteristic of herpesvirus. Immunohistochemically, neurons and glial cells in the affected regions were labeled with a monoclonal antibody against Human herpesvirus 1, and was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction.
Evidence of zoonotic Poxviridae coinfections in clinically diagnosed papillomas using a newly developed mini-array test
Authors: Scagliarini Alessandra , Casà Giovanni , Trentin Bernadette , Gallina Laura , Savini Federica , Morent Marine , Lavazza Antonio , Puleio Roberto , Buttaci Calogera , Cannella Vincenza , Purpari Giuseppa , Di Marco Patrizia , Piquemal David , Guercio Annalisa
Published: December 2015

Our study describes a newly developed mini-array test for the rapid detection of poxviruses in animals and humans. The method is based on detection that combines target nucleic acid amplification by polymerase chain reaction and specific hybridization, using enzyme-linked antibodies, allowing identification of zoonotic orthopoxviruses and parapoxviruses in animal and human biological samples. With 100% specificity, the test rules out the possibility of cross-reactions with viral agents causing look-alike diseases. The assay was employed in the field to investigate the causes of several outbreaks of a malignant proliferative skin disease that affected domestic ruminants in Sicily during 2011–2014. Due to specific aspects of the lesions, the animals were clinically diagnosed with papillomatosis. The mini-array test allowed the identification of coinfections caused by more than 1 viral species belonging to the Parapoxvirus and Orthopoxvirus genera, either in goats or in cattle. Our study suggests that the so-called “papillomatosis” can be the result of multiple infections with epitheliotropic viruses, including zoonotic poxviruses that cannot be properly identified with classical diagnostic techniques.
Evaluation of two real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) to assess PEDV transmission in growing pigs
Authors: Miller Laura C. , Crawford Kimberly K. , Lager Kelly M. , Kellner Steven G. , Brockmeier Susan L.
Published: December 2015

In April 2013, a Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) epidemic began in the United States. As part of the response, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays to detect PEDV were developed by several veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Our study evaluated RT-PCR PEDV assays that detect the N gene ( gN) and S gene ( gS) for their ability to detect PEDV infection and the transmission potential of pigs experimentally exposed to PEDV. Detection limits and quantification cycle (Cq) values of real-time RT-PCR were assayed for PEDV samples and positive controls for both gN and gS. The limit of detection for the gN assay was 10−6 (mean Cq: 39.82 ± 0.30) and 10−5 (mean Cq: 39.39 ± 0.72) for the gS assay with PEDV strain USA/Colorado/2013. Following recommended guidelines, rectal swabs ( n = 1,064) were tested; 354 samples were positive by gN assay and 349 samples were positive by gS assay (Cq ≤ 34.99), 710 samples were negative by gN assay and 715 were negative by gS assay (Cq > 34.99) of which 355 and 344 were “undetermined” (i.e., undetected within a threshold of 40 RT-PCR cycles, by gN and gS assays, respectively). The coefficient of variation (intra-assay variation) ranged from 0.00% to 2.65% and interassay variation had an average of 2.75%. PEDV could be detected in rectal swabs from all pigs for ~2 weeks postinfection at which time the prevalence began to decrease until all pigs were RT-PCR negative by 5 weeks postinfection. Our study demonstrated that RT-PCR assays functioned well to detect PEDV and that the gN assay was slightly better.
Hybrid Active Learning Situations
Authors: Goetze David
Published: December 2015

Background. I explore the use in undergraduate classes of active learning situations (ALSs) that model the structure of common pool resources. I respond to critiques of the usefulness of ALSs for use in classrooms by reviewing their ability to convey important concepts and theories and to facilitate student acquisition of policy details.

Aim. I examine how learning efficiency is enhanced by choosing the right form of ALS – ranging from abstract games to detailed simulations. The learning efficiency of using games or simulations in the classroom, or something in between, likely depends on the instructor’s purposes – conveying general theories applicable to many cases or the details and dynamics of particular policies.

Method. I discuss use of a hybrid example of a common pool resource ALS to illustrate use of the ALS to help achieve the purposes of a course on the Rise and Decline of Human Civilizations.

Conclusion. Descriptions of the content of debriefing sessions for six courses taught in the US and China provide support for the usefulness of this ALS in achieving purposes that focus on conveying knowledge about abstract features of common pool resource challenges confronting past societies, the climate change problem confronting contemporary global society, and how to avoid tragic outcomes in each case.
A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Effectiveness of Houvast
Authors: Krabbenborg Manon A. M. , Boersma Sandra N. , van der Veld William M. , van Hulst Bente , Vollebergh Wilma A. M. , Wolf Judith R. L. M.
Published: December 2015

Objective:

To test the effectiveness of Houvast: a strengths-based intervention for homeless young adults.

Method:

A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with 10 Dutch shelter facilities randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group. Homeless young adults were interviewed when entering the facility and when care ended. Repeated-measures analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted by the principle of intention-to-treat framework ( N = 251).

Results:

Improvements were demonstrated on quality of life; satisfaction with family relations, finances, and health; employed or in school; depression; care needs; autonomy; competence, and resilience in both conditions. A higher proportion of homeless young adults who received care according to Houvast were still receiving care at follow-up and successfully completed the trajectory compared to those who received care as usual.

Conclusion:

Homeless young adults seem to benefit from service provision in general. Further research on the effectiveness of Houvast is needed after sufficient model fidelity has been achieved.
Omalizumab Treatment for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Emiralioglu Nagehan , Dogru Deniz , Tugcu Gokcen Dilsa , Yalcin Ebru , Kiper Nural , Ozcelik Ugur
Published: December 2015

Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by destructive changes in the airways. Long-term treatment with oral corticosteroids is often required for repeated exacerbations. Because elevated total IgE is a cardinal abnormality of ABPA, omalizumab has been used sporadically to decrease corticosteroid dose or totally replace corticosteroids. Objective: The aim of this report is to describe our experience with omalizumab treatment in patients with CF and ABPA. Methods: We conducted a review of 6 CF patients with ABPA receiving omalizumab. All patients were treated with oral prednisolone and itraconazole. Omalizumab was started if the patient was not responding to steroid treatment, which was determined according to serum IgE levels and/or clinical findings or depending on if there were side effects caused by steroid treatment. Results: The mean age of patients at the beginning of omalizumab treatment was 16.1 years. One patient had a new diagnosis of ABPA; however, the others had the first to third exacerbation when treated with omalizumab. The mean duration of ABPA by the time that treatment with omalizumab started was 13 ± 12.4 months (range = 2-29 months). With omalizumab treatment, IgE levels were decreased in all patients, and Aspergillus-specific IgE levels were decreased in 4 patients; however, FEV1(% predicted) improved only in 2 patients who had mild disease. Corticosteroids were reduced in the first, second, and third months of omalizumab treatment in 2, 1, and 3 patients, respectively. In 2 patients, steroid treatment was stopped. None of the patients suffered from side effects of omalizumab. The mean duration of omalizumab treatment was 12.5 months (range = 6-18 months). Conclusions: This study showed steroid-sparing effect, decreasing IgE levels, and improvement in respiratory symptoms in 6 CF patients with omalizumab treatment. Although this is a small sample of the population, omalizumab may be an alternative therapy for ABPA in CF patients who fail to respond to systemic corticosteroids or have serious adverse effects.
Practical Approaches for Achieving Integrated Behavioral Health Care in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Ratzliff Anna , Phillips Kathryn E. , Sugarman Jonathan R. , Unützer Jürgen , Wagner Edward H.
Published: December 2015

Behavioral health problems are common, yet most patients do not receive effective treatment in primary care settings. Despite availability of effective models for integrating behavioral health care in primary care settings, uptake has been slow. The Behavioral Health Integration Implementation Guide provides practical guidance for adapting and implementing effective integrated behavioral health care into patient-centered medical homes. The authors gathered input from stakeholders involved in behavioral health integration efforts: safety net providers, subject matter experts in primary care and behavioral health, a behavioral health patient and peer specialist, and state and national policy makers. Stakeholder input informed development of the Behavioral Health Integration Implementation Guide and the GROW Pathway Planning Worksheet. The Behavioral Health Integration Implementation Guide is model neutral and allows organizations to take meaningful steps toward providing integrated care that achieves access and accountability.
Design My Future
Authors: Santilli Sara , Ginevra Maria C. , Sgaramella Teresa M. , Nota Laura , Ferrari Lea , Soresi Salvatore
Published: December 2015

This article reports the development and psychometric requisites of Design My Future, an instrument assessing future orientation and resilience. Three different studies involving Italian preadolescents were conducted. With the first, the items were developed and the factor structure verified; the second confirmed instrument’s multidimensional structure and evaluated its discriminant validity. The third study was conducted to verify the invariance of factorial structure across gender. Results provide strong psychometric support for Design My Future as a valid measure for analyzing middle school students’ thoughts about their future orientation and resilience and for career education and career counseling activities.
Seizing Control
Authors: Bui Anh D. , Alexander Allyson , Soltesz Ivan
Published: December 2015

The unpredictability and severity of seizures contribute to the debilitating nature of epilepsy. These factors also render the condition particularly challenging to treat, as an ideal treatment would need to detect and halt the pathological bursts of hyperactivity without disrupting normal brain activity. Optogenetic techniques offer promising tools to study and perhaps eventually treat this episodic disorder by controlling specific brain circuits in epileptic animals with great temporal precision. Here, we briefly review the current treatment options for patients with epilepsy. We then describe the many ways optogenetics has allowed us to untangle the microcircuits involved in seizure activity, and how it has, in some cases, changed our perception of previous theories of seizure generation. Control of seizures with light is no longer a dream, and has been achieved in numerous different animal models of epilepsy. Beyond its application as a seizure suppressor, we highlight another facet of optogenetics in epilepsy, namely the ability to create “on-demand” seizures, as a tool to systematically probe the dynamics of networks during seizure initiation and propagation. Finally, we look into the future to discuss the possibilities and challenges of translating optogenetic techniques to clinical use.
Patient Characteristics and Antithrombotic Prescribing Patterns in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation in Tasmania
Authors: Bista Durga , Chalmers Leanne , Peterson Gregory M. , Bereznicki Luke R. E.
Published: December 2015

Limited data are available on atrial fibrillation (AF) and its clinical management and outcomes from an Australian perspective. This study was designed to examine the patient characteristics and antithrombotic treatment patterns among patients with AF in Tasmania, Australia. This retrospective observational study reviewed and followed patients with AF admitted to Tasmania’s 3 major hospitals between January 2011 and June 2012. Patients were excluded if they had only 1 episode of AF that reverted spontaneously or upon cardioversion without any documented recurrences. We reviewed the records of 2502 patients (≥18 years), and1469 were subsequently included in the study. The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) age of the patients was 76 (±12.3) years. The mean (± SD) CHADS2 score was 2.1 (±1.3), and 65.7% had a score ≥2. In total, only 55.6% of patients with CHADS2 score ≥2 were receiving anticoagulation and 9.9% were not receiving any antithrombotic treatment, whereas 85.4% of those at low risk (score 0) were on antithrombotic therapy. Hospitalization was associated with a significant increase in the rate of combination (antiplatelet plus anticoagulant) therapy ( P < .001). Suboptimal use of antithrombotic therapy highlights the need to improve AF management in our jurisdiction.
Prevalence of Factor V Genetic Variants Associated With Indian APCR Contributing to Thrombotic Risk
Authors: Sharma Amit , Bhakuni Teena , Biswas Arijit , Ranjan Ravi , Kumar Ravi , Kishore Kamal , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Jairajpuri Mohamad Aman , Saxena Renu
Published: December 2015

Phenotypic resistance to activated protein C (APC) is a complex mechanism associated with increased thrombosis risk. Activated protein C resistance (APCR) is mainly influenced by FVLeidenmutation, and various other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FV gene are known to be associated with APCR. The aim of present study was to investigate the incidence and assess possible mechanisms of APCR in Indian patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Three hundred and ten Doppler-proven patients with DVT were screened for APCR, and 50 APCR positive patients and 50 controls were typed for FVLeiden, Hong Kong, Cambridge, HR2 haplotype, Glu666Asp, Ala485Lys, and Liverpool using either polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–restriction fragment length polymorphism or allele specific PCR. FVLeidenwas commonest cause of APCR (50%) in Indian patients with DVT being statistically significant ( P = .001) compared to controls. FV Liverpool, FV Glu666Asp and FV Ala485Lys were studied for the first time in Indian population. FV Liverpool, FV Glu666Asp, Hong Kong, and Cambridge were found to be absent. High frequency of Ala485Lys in patients shows that it might be a risk factor contributing to APCR in Indian patients with DVT. HR2 haplotype was not associated with APCR; however, presence of homozygous HR2 haplotype in patients only indicates the role it might play in Indian APCR population. In conclusion, contribution of FVLeidencausing APCR in Indian population is not as strong as previously reported in Western countries. The presence of other SNPs observed in the present study requires such studies on larger sample size to understand the molecular basis of defect.
Applying Trauma-Focused Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy in Group Format
Authors: Deblinger Esther , Pollio Elisabeth , Dorsey Shannon
Published: December 2015

Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), a well-established, evidence-based treatment for children who have experienced trauma, has been increasingly utilized in a group format. Group therapy formats are appealing because they can be highly effective and have the potential to reach larger numbers of clients. Moreover, TF-CBT group delivery may be particularly valuable in reducing the feelings of shame, isolation, and stigma experienced by youth and their caregivers in the aftermath of traumatic experiences. This article reviews the group TF-CBT research, discusses the therapeutic benefits of TF-CBT therapy groups, and provides clinical and logistical guidance for implementing TF-CBT in group format, including a session-by-session protocol. Future directions for research and clinical work in this area are also discussed.
Engaging in Performance Ethnography in Research Methods Courses
Authors: Lester Jessica Nina , Gabriel Rachael
Published: December 2015

In this article, we share the process and practice of integrating a performance ethnography, in the form of a written play, into research methods and education courses, as well as methods-based workshops. We begin by briefly sharing some of the ways in which we have come to position this work within our classroom and instructional workshops and point to its possibilities as a pedagogical approach. We then illustrate the process of introducing this methodological perspective to our students in research courses. We also highlight the implications for introducing alternative, arts-based approaches to data representation to students and describe the impact on their trajectories as producers, critics, and consumers of qualitative research.
An Autoethnography of Memory and Connection
Authors: Poulos Christopher N.
Published: December 2015

This is an autoethnography about the lyrical vagaries of memory. I trace the contours of early life memories, evoked by song lyrics, and show how pivotal events sometimes come into play in startling ways, through the in-breaking of unexpected memory fragments. In the end, I fall into a space in which I hope to open up dialogue about the intersections of memory, song, story, and relational co-being and co-authorship.
ADHD Symptoms in a Non-Referred Low Birthweight/Preterm Cohort: Longitudinal Profiles, Outcomes, and Associated Features
Authors: Krasner Aaron J. , Turner J. Blake , Feldman Judith F. , Silberman Anna E. , Fisher Prudence W. , Workman Catherine C. , Posner Jonathan E. , Greenhill Laurence L. , Lorenz John M. , Shaffer David , Whitaker Agnes H.
Published: December 2015

Objective: This study’s objective is to differentiate possible ADHD syndromes on the basis of symptom trajectories, prognosis, and associated clinical features in a high-risk cohort. Method: Latent class analysis of inattentive (IA) and hyperactive–impulsive (HI) symptoms in 387 non-disabled members of a regional low birthweight/preterm birth cohort who were evaluated for ADHD at 6, 9, and 16 years. Adolescent functional outcomes and other clinical features were examined across the classes. Results: Three latent classes were identified: unaffected (modest IA and HI symptom prevalences at six, remitting by nine), school age limited (relatively high IA and HI symptom prevalences at six and nine, declining by 16), and persistent inattentive (high IA and HI prevalences at six and nine, with high IA levels persisting to 16). The persistent inattentive class was distinctively associated with poor functioning, motor problems, other psychiatric disorders, and social difficulties as indexed by a positive screen for autism spectrum disorder at 16. Conclusion: These findings differentiate a potential persistent inattentive syndrome relevant to ADHD evaluation and treatment.
Comparing Methods to Determine Persistence of Childhood ADHD Into Adulthood: A Prospective, Population-Based Study
Authors: Barbaresi William J. , Weaver Amy L. , Voigt Robert G. , Killian Jill M. , Katusic Slavica K.
Published: December 2015

Objective: To compare the rate of persistence of ADHD into adulthood as determined by a norm-referenced versus non-norm-referenced diagnostic interview, and by standardized questionnaires. Method: Adults from a birth cohort, including research-identified childhood ADHD cases ( N = 232; Mage = 27.0 years; 167 males, 65 females) and controls ( N = 335; Mage = 28.6 years; 210 males, 125 females), were administered the M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Murphy–Barkley Symptoms Checklist (MB), and the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) Results: Among the childhood ADHD cases, 29.3% fulfilled criteria for adult ADHD using a norm-referenced approach to M.I.N.I. scoring, versus 13.8% using published M.I.N.I. criteria. Among participants meeting norm-referenced diagnostic criteria, 41.8% and 69.1% were classified as adult ADHD using the MB and WURS, respectively. Conclusion: A non-norm-referenced approach resulted in a significant underestimate of the rate of adult ADHD. Reliance on either of two adult ADHD questionnaires would have further reduced this estimate.
Reliability and Validity of the Daily Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior Scale, Revised
Authors: Faraone Stephen V. , Childress Ann , Wigal Sharon B. , Kollins Scott H. , McDonnell Mary Ann , DeSousa Norberto J. , Sallee F. Randy
Published: December 2015

Objective: Children with ADHD frequently manifest behavioral difficulties in the morning prior to school. We sought to assess the reliability and validity of the Daily Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior Scale, Revised (DPREMB-R) morning score as a measure of morning behaviors impaired by ADHD. Method: We used data from a clinical trial of HLD200 treatment in pediatric participants with ADHD to address our objectives. Results: The DPREMB-R morning score showed significant internal homogeneity, test–retest reliability ( r = .52-.45), and good concurrent validity ( r = .50-.71). Conclusion: The DPREMB-R morning score could be a useful instrument for assessing treatment efficacy in the morning before school.
Detection of feline coronavirus spike gene mutations as a tool to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis
Authors: Felten Sandra , Weider Karola , Doenges Stephanie , Gruendl Stefanie , Matiasek Kaspar , Hermanns Walter , Mueller Elisabeth , Matiasek Lara , Fischer Andrea , Weber Karin , Hirschberger Johannes , Wess Gerhard , Hartmann Katrin
Published: December 2015

Objectives

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an important cause of death in the cat population worldwide. The ante-mortem diagnosis of FIP in clinical cases is still challenging. In cats without effusion, a definitive diagnosis can only be achieved post mortem or with invasive methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a combined reverse transcriptase nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) and sequencing approach in the diagnosis of FIP, detecting mutations at two different nucleotide positions within the spike (S) gene.

Methods

The study population consisted of 64 cats with confirmed FIP and 63 cats in which FIP was initially suspected due to similar clinical or laboratory signs, but that were definitively diagnosed with another disease. Serum/plasma and/or effusion samples of these cats were examined for feline coronavirus (FCoV) RNA by RT-nPCR and, if positive, PCR products were sequenced for nucleotide transitions within the S gene.

Results

Specificity of RT-nPCR was 100% in all materials (95% confidence interval [CI] in serum/plasma 83.9–100.0; 95% CI in effusion 93.0–100.0). The specificity of the sequencing step could not be determined as none of the cats of the control group tested positive for FCoV RNA. Sensitivity of the ‘combined RT-nPCR and sequencing approach’ was 6.5% (95% CI 0.8–21.4) in serum/plasma and 65.3% (95% CI 50.4–78.3) in effusion.

Conclusions and relevance

A positive result is highly indicative of the presence of FIP, but as none of the control cats tested positive by RT-nPCR, it was not possible to confirm that the FCoV mutant described can only be found in cats with FIP. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the usefulness of the sequencing step including FCoV-RNA-positive cats with and without FIP. A negative result cannot be used to exclude the disease, especially when only serum/plasma samples are available.
Decreasing Rates of Neomycin Sensitization in Western Canada
Authors: Elliott John F. , Abbas Mariam , Hull Peter , de Gannes Gillian , Toussi Reza , Milani Azita
Published: December 2015

Background:

Neomycin contact sensitization rates in North America range from 7% to 13%, whereas in Europe they average approximately 1.9%.

Objectives:

Given that topical neomycin products are no longer readily available in Canada, the aim of this study was to examine what influence this may have had on neomycin sensitization rates in the 3 western provinces.

Methods:

On the basis of an observation originally communicated by L. M. Parsons and C. Zhang of the University of Calgary, which suggested significantly reduced rates of neomycin sensitization in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, a multicenter study of patch test results from 5690 patient charts was undertaken. Data from 3 other western Canadian Universities (the University of Saskatchewan, the University of Alberta, and the University of British Colombia) were analyzed. Data were available from 2001 to 2013 for the University of Saskatchewan (except 2006), whereas the University of Alberta and the University of British Columbia had data from 2009 to 2013. Descriptive statistics, trend analysis, and risk estimates were determined using SPSS version 20.

Results:

Sensitization rates for neomycin have decreased in western Canada and are now similar to those of Europe.

Conclusions:

This trend is likely influenced by the reduced availability of over-the-counter and prescription neomycin products in Canada.
A Case of Nonuremic Calciphylaxis Treated Effectively With Systemic Corticosteroids
Authors: Biswas Ajoy , Walsh Noreen M. , Tremaine Robert
Published: December 2015

Calciphylaxis is a syndrome of systemic calcification of the arteries leading to painful tissue necrosis and ulceration. The disease has a high mortality rate with no clear etiology. There is a strong correlation of calciphylaxis with end-stage renal disease, but it can also affect people with normal renal function. Treatment of the disease has been successful at times with various modalities, but in the case of systemic corticosteroids, there is conflicting evidence. In this case report, the authors present a patient with acute nonuremic calciphylaxis who responded very positively to systemic corticosteroids.
Treatment of Linear Scleroderma (en Coup de Sabre) With Dermal Fat Grafting
Authors: Barin Ensar Zafer , Cinal Hakan , Cakmak Mehmet Akif , Tan Onder
Published: December 2015

Background:

Linear scleroderma, also known as “ en coup de sabre,” is a subtype of localized scleroderma that warrants aesthetic correction because it appears on the forehead region in children.

Objective:

To report dermal fat grafting as a novel and effective surgical treatment option in linear scleroderma.

Methods:

Under local anesthesia, a dermal fat graft was successfully placed into a subcutaneous pocket that was prepared underneath the depressed scar. The donor site was closed primarily.

Results:

No early or late complications developed postoperatively. After 1-year follow-up, the dermal fat graft was viable, the depressed scar was adequately augmented, and a good aesthetic result and patient satisfaction were obtained.

Conclusion:

We believe that dermal fat grafting is a cost-effective option and provides a long-lasting aesthetic outcome in the management of linear scleroderma.
A unified mixed-lubrication model of rolling-sliding line contacts from elastohydrodynamic lubrication to boundary lubrication
Authors: Chang Liming , Jeng Yeau-Ren , Yu Qingtao
Published: December 2015

This paper presents a unified mathematical model spanning the entire mixed lubrication for rolling-sliding line contacts. A load-sharing parameter is defined to divide the lubrication spectrum into three regions with increasing proportion of solid load sharing: light-mixed lubrication, significant-mixed lubrication and near-boundary lubrication. The main effort of the work is to develop a model for significant-mixed lubrication and integrate it with two previously developed governing-equation based models for light-mixed and near-boundary lubrication. A preliminary model is first developed by means of smooth, monotonically increasing interpolations of key contact variables obtained by the light-mixed and near-boundary lubrication models. The variables include surface temperature in the contact, friction coefficient, friction power intensity and proportion of solid contact area to the area of the line contact. The model is then refined by factoring in a potential transition of surface tribofilm breakdown which may take place in the second half of the region of significant-mixed lubrication. A basic parametric analysis is presented in the paper to show the sensibility of the model in analyzing the effects of operating conditions on contact stability. The model may be used to perform basic design and analysis calculations for line contacts with various degrees of mixed lubrication. It may also be implemented into a gear-meshing model to study the gear performance under various temperature and lubrication conditions.
Becoming invisible: The effect of triangulation on children’s well-being
Authors: Dallos Rudi , Lakus Katarzyna , Cahart Marie-Stephanie , McKenzie Rebecca
Published: December 2015

The study explored children’s experience of triangulation in their families. In all, 15 children aged 11–16 years, who were attending an early intervention family therapy service, participated in the study. The children’s understandings and emotional experience of triangulation were explored by comparing their responses to pictures from the Separation Anxiety Test (SAT) and a set of pictures designed for the study depicting a variety of triangulation conflicts in families. An interview regarding the children’s personal family experiences of triangulation was also undertaken and clinical information about the children’s family contexts was also utilised. Statistical analysis was conducted based on eight of children for whom a full data set was available. This indicated that children showed greater levels of anxiety in response to the triangulation as opposed to the separation scenarios. Qualitative analysis supported this finding and revealed that many of the children felt ‘invisible’ due to parents’ pre-occupation with marital conflict, felt caught in the middle of conflicts and coerced to take sides. Although able to describe their reactions and showing greater negative emotional responses to the triadic pictures, they were not consciously aware of the negative impacts of triangulation on their sense of well-being. Clinical implications are discussed with a focus on encouraging child-centred approaches to family therapy.
“Finding a way out”: Case histories of mental health care-seeking and recovery among long-term internally displaced persons in Georgia
Authors: Singh Namrita S. , Jakhaia Nino , Amonashvili Nino , Winch Peter J.
Published: December 2015

Trajectories of illness and recovery are ongoing and incomplete processes cocreated by individuals, their informal support networks, formal care-givers and treatment contexts, and broader social systems. This analysis presents two case histories of care-seeking for, and recovery from, mental illness and psychosocial problems in the context of protracted internal displacement. These case histories present individuals with experiences of schizophrenia and depression drawn from a sample of adult long-term internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Georgia, a country in the South Caucasus. Dimensions of care-seeking were compiled into a matrix for analysis. Interviews were open coded, and codes were linked with matrix dimensions to construct each case history. Findings illustrated that individuals moved cyclically among self-care, household support, lay care, and formal services domains to understand and manage their problems. Living with mental illness and within displacement are experiences that intersect at various points, including in the recognition and perceived causes of illness, stressors such as discrimination and isolation, the affordability and availability of services, and the capacity of social networks to provide informal care. Interventions are needed to support informal care-givers and build lay referral networks, as well as to identify intervention points within care-seeking processes. Interventions that target the mental health needs of displaced persons have the potential to contribute to the development of an innovative community mental health care system in Georgia.
Development and evaluation of a record linkage protocol for Utah’s Controlled Substance Database
Authors: Mohanty April F , Crook Jacob , Porucznik Christina A , Johnson Erin M , Rolfs Robert T , Sauer Brian C
Published: December 2015

Utah’s Controlled Substance Database prescription registry does not include master identifiers to link records for individual patients. We describe and evaluate a linkage protocol for Utah’s Controlled Substance Database. Prescriptions (N = 22,401,506) dated 2005−2009 were linked using The Link King software and patient identifiers (e.g. names, dates of birth) for 2,232,725 patients. Review of 998 randomly selected record pairs classified 46 percent as definitely correct links and 54 percent as probably correct links. A correct link could not be confirmed for <1 percent. None were classified as probably incorrect links or definitely incorrect links. Record set reviews (N = 100 patients/set for 10 set sizes, randomly selected) classified 27−49 percent as definitely correct links and 39−63 percent as probably correct links. Fewer had too little information to confirm a link (5%−22%) or were probably incorrect (0%−6%). None were definitely incorrect. Overall, results suggest that Utah’s Controlled Substance Database records were correctly linked. These data may be useful for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of patient-controlled substance prescription histories.
The worries of weaning: Newspaper reporting of infant weaning and its impact on dialogue in online discussion forums
Authors: Knowles Ruth , Wilkinson Clare
Published: December 2015

Despite infant weaning being one of the most challenging aspects of parenting, there is uncertainty about the right time to start. This research aimed to understand the impact of newspaper reporting of weaning on parents, in particular, focussing on the coverage of a scientific report published in the British Medical Journal in 2011. Using a media analysis of weaning articles from UK national newspapers and the ‘Mumsnet’, Internet discussion forum, the analysis was able to explore how forum members had reacted to the reporting and embellished the communication of the weaning issue by adding their own personal advice and experience. The case study shows the role of discussion forums in science communication and how they can provide a new arena for studying audience effects.
An inexplicable gap: Journalism and gender in New Zealand
Authors: Barnes Lyn
Published: December 2015

This article identifies changes in gender patterns in New Zealand journalism by focussing on print newsrooms between the national census in 2006 and 2013. Apart from a significant drop (61%) in print journalists over the 7-year period, the ratio of males-to-females in newsrooms remained virtually the same, at around 50:50. In contrast, the article also analyses enrolments by gender at the largest journalism programme in the country. The results highlight a marked discrepancy between the number of females enrolling in journalism courses (76% on average between 2005 and 2015) and the numbers of females in newsrooms. The statistical analysis of the 2013 data indicates that males are more likely to be employed as print journalists, to earn more and achieve senior positions. The chasm between the number of female students and working print journalists reinforces the need for more comprehensive data gathering to monitor gender patterns in the New Zealand media industry and address this inexplicable gap.
Measuring organizational cultural intelligence
Authors: Lima Joanna E , West GR Bud , Winston Bruce E , Wood James ‘Andy’
Published: December 2015

This study presents a five-factor, 21-item measure of cultural intelligence (CQ), at the organizational level of analysis. This instrument builds on the conceptual model espoused by Ang and Inkpen (2008). The scale included items elicited through a literature review, the use of the Delphi technique with a panel of experts, and tested on 234 full-time employees of 10 North American nonprofit organizations. The five factors are: (a) leadership behavior, (b) adaptability, (c) training and development, (d) organizational intentionality, and (e) organizational inclusion. The findings of this study contribute to a small, but growing body of literature on organizational CQ not based on aggregate individual-level data or referent-shift data. The findings provide insights for both researchers and practitioners, and they have implications for leadership appointments and leadership development in organizations seeking to develop organizational CQ.
A Study into Breaches of Youth Justice Orders and the Young People Who Breach Them
Authors: Grandi Laurie D. , Adler Joanna R.
Published: December 2015

This study concerns the incidence and aetiology of breach of youth community sentences. A between-groups archival study compared those who breached with those who did not, on socio-demographic and criminogenic factors. Breachers were a minority, likely to breach repeatedly and were similar to those who re-offended. Whether they breach or re-offend may depend on something other than the characteristics of the Order and the young person’s situation. Youth Justice Professionals should be mindful of the identified areas of need and responsivity when considering compliance.