bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD63+ Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts Confer Tamoxifen Resistance to Breast Cancer Cells through Exosomal miR‐22
Authors: Gao Yuan , Li Xiaoju , Zeng Cheng , Liu Chenlin , Hao Qiang , Li Weina , Zhang Kuo , Zhang Wangqian , Wang Shuning , Zhao Huadong , Fan Dong , Li Meng , Zhang Yingqi , Zhang Wei , Zhang Cun
Published: September 2020

Tamoxifen remains the most effective treatment for estrogen receptor α (ERα)‐positive breast cancer. However, many patients still develop resistance to tamoxifen in association with metastatic recurrence, which presents a tremendous clinical challenge. To better understand tamoxifen resistance from the perspective of the tumor microenvironment, the whole microenvironment landscape is charted by single‐cell RNA sequencing and a new cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) subset, CD63+ CAFs, is identified that promotes tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Furthermore, it is discovered that CD63+ CAFs secrete exosomes rich in miR‐22, which can bind its targets, ERα and PTEN, to confer tamoxifen resistance on breast cancer cells. Additionally, it is found that the packaging of miR‐22 into CD63+ CAF‐derived exosomes is mediated by SFRS1. Furthermore, CD63 induces STAT3 activation to maintain the phenotype and function of CD63+ CAFs. Most importantly, the pharmacological blockade of CD63+ CAFs with a CD63‐neutralizing antibody or cRGD‐miR‐22‐sponge nanoparticles enhances the therapeutic effect of tamoxifen in breast cancer. In summary, the study reveals a novel subset of CD63+ CAFs that induces tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer via exosomal miR‐22, suggesting that CD63+ CAFs may be a novel therapeutic target to enhance tamoxifen sensitivity.
Ultrathin, Stretchable, and Breathable Epidermal Electronics Based on a Facile Bubble Blowing Method
Authors: Yang Xianqing , Li Lianhui , Wang Shuqi , Lu Qifeng , Bai Yuanyuan , Sun Fuqin , Li Tie , Li Yue , Wang Zihao , Zhao Yangyong , Shi Yixiang , Zhang Ting
Published: September 2020

Ultrathin, stretchable, and breathable epidermal electronics are of great significance for wearable and implantable health‐monitoring devices owing to their unique skin‐conformable and skin‐friendly capabilities. However, the poor gas permeability of planar substrates with thicknesses of microns to millimeters, in conjunction with the existing tedious and expensive fabrication methods, has severely limited the realization of high‐performance epidermal electronic devices. Here, a novel bubble blowing method is proposed to fabricate a 150‐nm‐thick, stretchable (62%), breathable (water vapor transmission rate = 580.18 g m−2 d−1), and transparent (83% at 550 nm) epidermal electrode based on a freestanding thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) nanomembrane. The ultrathin epidermal electrode can be conformably attached to human skin for high‐quality electromyogram signal recording. Moreover, the device is also demonstrated as a bionic electronic eardrum (vibration sensor) to detect sound with ultrahigh sensitivity (969.3 kPa−1) and high signal‐to‐noise ratios (51 dB at maximum) over the wide frequency range of 0–22 000 Hz. The proposed epidermal electronic device provides a novel avenue for future conformal wearable medical devices, human–computer interfaces, and implantable acoustic equipment.
Low‐Pressure Mechanical Switching of Ferroelectric Domains in PbZr0.48Ti0.52O3
Authors: Vats Gaurav , Ravikant  , Schoenherr Peggy , Kumar Ashok , Seidel Jan
Published: September 2020

Low‐energy switching of ferroelectrics is currently being investigated for energy‐efficient nanoelectronics. While conventional methods employ electrical fields to switch the polarization state, mechanical switching is investigated as an interesting alternative low‐energy switching concept, if low enough pressures could be achieved. Here, the thickness‐dependent mechanical and electrical switching behavior of ferroelectric PbZr0.48Ti0.52O3/YBa2Cu3O7−δ (PZT/YBCO) epitaxial heterostructures grown on single crystalline LaAlO3‐(001)pseudo‐cubic (LAO) substrate is reported. Mechanical switching is found under relatively low force (600 nN; estimated pressure ≈0.21 GPa) in atomic force microscopy‐based measurements. Mechanically switched domains can be erased by small electric fields and, interestingly, exhibit a surface potential change similar to electrically poled areas. The feasibility of switching these heterostructures with very low pressure makes them promising candidates for nanoscale electromechanical devices.
Epitaxy Enhancement of Piezoelectric Properties in P(VDF‐TrFE) Copolymer Films and Applications in Sensing and Energy Harvesting
Authors: Yang Jiang , Chen Qiusong , Xu Fan , Jiang Hanxiao , Liu Weilin , Zhang Xiaoqing , Jiang Zaixiu , Zhu Guodong
Published: September 2020

With the rapid development of wearable and flexible electronics, energy harvesting from the environment has attracted much attention. As one representative piezoelectric polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)] is an expected candidate for mechanical energy harvesting and self‐powered mechanical sensors due to its flexibility and moderate piezoelectricity. However, low crystallinity and electroactivity limit its electric performance. Controllable modulation of microstructure and crystallization is one feasible measure to enhance piezoelectric property. Here the piezoelectric properties of epitaxial P(VDF‐TrFE) films which are fabricated via removable polytetrafluoroethylene template method are reported. Piezoelectric measurement between 50 and 800 Hz presents an averaged d33 coefficient of −40.7 pC N−1 for epitaxial film, ≈61% enhancement to that of non‐epitaxial one. Transverse piezoelectric experiment indicated that epitaxy process enhanced open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current outputs. Simple piezoelectric energy harvesters are prepared by depositing both epitaxial and nonepitaxial films on flexible polyimide substrates. Epitaxial film shows a maximum generated power density of 0.118 µW cm−2 and energy conversion efficiency of 0.81%, both of which are much larger than those from nonepitaxial film (0.047 µW cm−2 and 0.30%). Piezoelectric films are used to monitor bending, punching, twisting and finger tapping operations, where epitaxial film exhibited larger open‐circuit voltage responses than nonepitaxial one.
Cropping system and landscape characteristics influence long‐term grain crop profitability
Authors: Conway L.S. , Yost M.A. , Kitchen N.R. , Sudduth K.A. , Massey R.E. , Sadler E.J.
Published: September 2020

Converting from standard tillage or no‐tillage cropping systems to more conservation‐based cropping systems that include no‐tillage, cover crops, and reduced agrichemical inputs must be profitable for large‐scale adoption. Therefore, research was conducted at the central Mississippi River Basin site of the USDA Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research Network from 1996 to 2009 to determine how cropping systems, landscape position, and depth to claypan affected net economic return. Treatments consisted of three cropping systems {mulch‐till corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], MTCS; no‐till corn–soybean, NTCS; no‐till corn–soybean–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (NTCSW)–cover crop} and three landscape positions (summit, backslope, and footslope). Within each cropping system, landscape position influenced the depth to claypan and net returns, which were greatest in the summit and footslope positions. Across landscape positions, net return for NTCS was US$252 and $119 ha−1 yr−1 greater than MTCS and NTCSW, respectively. Net return of corn in MTCS and NTCSW was negative, whereas corn in NTCS averaged $97 ha−1 yr−1. Only NTCS corn exhibited a positive linear response in net return to depth to claypan. Soybean was much more profitable than corn, and both NTCS and NTCSW soybean were less influenced by landscape position and had at least $252 ha−1 yr−1 greater return than did MTCS soybean across landscape position. Results suggest that converting from MTCS to NTCS would have large positive impacts on reducing within‐field variability and increasing profitability in the region, and modifications to the NTCSW system are needed to improve profitability.
Sleep disordered breathing in children with Down syndrome in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Diskin Catherine , McVeigh Terri P. , Cox Des W.
Published: September 2020

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with a complex respiratory phenotype, including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The study explored parent‐reported prevalence and presentation of OSAS symptoms in children and adolescents with DS in Ireland. It also investigated treatment and compliance in those who have OSAS. A cross‐sectional survey was distributed to parents registered with Down Syndrome Ireland (DSI) (n = 1,343). Data was collated and analyzed using SPSS v23. The response rate was 393 (29%). Twenty‐one percent of parents (n = 84) reported a diagnosis of OSAS in their child. The parents of children reported as compliant with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) were more likely to report a perceived benefit of treatment (p = .018). Ninety‐two percent (n = 212) of children without a formal diagnosis of OSAS had at least one symptom (median 4 symptoms) of the condition. This, the largest survey of parental reporting of OSAS or its symptoms, demonstrates a high reported prevalence of symptoms in children and adolescents with DS in Ireland without a formal diagnosis of OSAS, indicating under‐recognition. In treated patients, perception of the benefit of CPAP correlated with reported compliance, suggesting a need for tailored education.
Separating chiral isomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine using chemical derivatization and differential mobility spectrometry
Authors: Campbell J. Larry , Kafle Amol , Bowman Zack , Blanc J. C. Yves Le , Liu Chang , Hopkins W. Scott
Published: September 2020

The separation and analysis of chiral compounds, especially enantiomers, presents a great challenge to modern analytical chemistry, particularly to mass spectrometry (MS). As a result, integrated orthogonal separations, such as chiral liquid chromatography (chiral LC), gas chromatography (GC), or capillary electrophoresis (CE), are often employed to separate enantiomers prior to MS analysis. Here, we combine chemical derivatization with differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) and MS to separate and quantitate the transformed enantiomeric pairs R‐ and S‐amphetamine, as well as R‐ and S‐methamphetamine. We also demonstrate separation of these drugs by using reverse‐phase LC. However, while the LC method requires ∼5 min to provide separation, we have developed a flow‐injection analysis (FIA) method using DMS as the exclusive mode of separation (FIA‐DMS), requiring only ∼1.5 min with equivalent quantitative metrics (1‐1000 ng/mL range) to the LC method. The DMS‐based separation of each diastereomeric pair is driven by differences in binding energies between the analyte ions and the chemical modifier molecules (acetonitrile) added to the DMS environment.
Evaluation and comparison of 99mTc‐labeled d‐glucosamine derivatives with different 99mTc cores as potential tumor imaging agents
Authors: Zhang Xuran , Gan Qianqian , Ruan Qing , Xiao Di , Zhang Junbo
Published: September 2020

Isocyanide is a strong coordination ligand that can coordinate with [99mTc(I)(CO)3]+ core and [99mTc(I)]+ core to produce stable 99mTc complexes, therefore developing a 99mTc‐labeled isocyanide complex for single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging is considered to be of great interest. In order to develop potential tumor imaging agents with satisfied tumor uptake and suitable pharmacokinetic properties in vivo, a novel d‐glucosamine isocyanide derivative, 4‐isocyano‐N‐(2,4,5‐trihydroxy‐6‐(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐3‐yl)butanamide (CN3DG), was synthesized and radiolabeled with [99mTc(I)]+ and [99mTc(CO)3]+ cores to obtain [99mTc(CN3DG)6]+ and [99mTc(CO)3(CN3DG)3]+ in high radiolabeling yields (>95%). Both of the complexes showed good hydrophilicity and great stability in vitro. Cell uptake studies performed in S180 cells demonstrated they were transported into cells by glucose transporters. Biodistribution studies of the two complexes in mice bearing S180 tumor showed they had high tumor uptakes and rapid clearance from muscle and blood so that the tumor/blood and tumor/muscle ratios were high. By comparison, [99mTc(CN3DG)6]+ was superior to [99mTc(CO)3(CN3DG)3]+ in regard to tumor uptake, tumor/blood and tumor/liver ratios. S180 tumors could be seen clearly from the SPECT/CT images with [99mTc(CN3DG)6]+. Considering its favorable properties, [99mTc(CN3DG)6]+ would be a promising tumor imaging agent and needs to be further studied.
Hydrothermal decomposition process of K‐feldspar in NaOH solution
Authors: Liu Changjiang , Ma Hongwen
Published: September 2020

This work investigates the decomposition of K‐feldspar into analcime under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. Two types of raw materials, potassic syenite powder and microcline crystal lumps, were used for hydrothermal treatment. Research techniques of minerals alteration path simulation, powder decomposition experiments, and specific observations were conducted. Results show that K‐feldspar did not alter into analcime directly under hydrothermal conditions, and instead, hydroxycancrinite was an important intermediate. Formation route of analcime from potassic syenite powder was derived as follows: syenite dissolution → hydroxycancrinite precipitation → hydroxycancrinite assembling → reversed recrystallization → analcime, where the assembling of hydroxycancrinite into analcime‐shaped spheres was the key step for analcime formation. Above all, a novel and different to natural reaction process with feldspar decomposition and analcime formation process was proposed.
In situ sol–gel synthesis of tungsten trioxide networks in polymer electrolyte: Dual‐functional solid state chromogenic smart film
Authors: Azarian Mohammad Hossein , Wootthikanokkhan Jatuphorn
Published: September 2020

The novel electro‐photochromic solid electrolyte films were successfully synthesized by in situ sol–gel synthesis of tungsten trioxide (WO3) working electrode within gelatin/lithium cosolvent system. The transparent free‐standing single‐layer film with adhesiveness and flexibility, darken significantly under the UV radiation with photo‐response time of 30 s and gradually reversed once the source of UV was blocked. Moreover, casted film on the indium tin oxide (ITO) glass showed electrochromic (EC) behavior as well in presence of ion storage counter electrode. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates the amorphous nature of an in situ synthesized gelatin‐based film. The prepared film containing 30 wt% LiClO4 and 10 wt% WO3 (sample designated as GLi30W10) shows ionic conductivity value of 1.1 × 10−4 S/cm. The EC performances of the device with the following configuration; ITO/GLi30W10/NiO/ITO, was investigated by means of UV and cyclic voltammograms. Good performances and fast electro‐response times (2 s/1 s) of the device were demonstrated with coloration efficiency of 51.54 cm2/C.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose hydrogel modified with tannic acid as methylene blue adsorbent
Authors: Ning Feng , Zhang Jian , Kang Minxia , Ma Changpo , Li Hui , Qiu Zumin
Published: September 2020

This work developed an effective way to improve the methylene blue (MB) adsorption performance of cellulose‐based hydrogel by modified with tannic acid (TA). HEC‐co‐p(AA‐AM)/TA hydrogel was synthesized by grafting of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) onto hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), followed by modified with TA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy manifested that AA and AM were successfully grafted onto the hydrogel, and TA was immobilized in the hydrogel. Field emission scanning electron microscope demonstrated that the hydrogel after TA modification had a homogeneous pore structure. Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface areas, total pore volume, and average pore diameters of the hydrogel are 11.821 m2g−1, 0.0641 cm3g−1, and 2.538 nm, respectively. The high swelling ratio (1179.2 g g−1in deionized water) was in favor of the MB adsorption. The results of the adsorption experiments illustrated that HEC‐co‐p(AA/AM) hydrogel had excellent MB adsorption performance. As the pH increases, the electrostatic attraction is enhanced, and the adsorption capacity is improved. The adsorption process was more fit with pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, and the maximum adsorption capacity (3438.27 mg g−1) was determined by Langmuir model. Thermodynamic studies suggested that the adsorption process is spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy reduction. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed that MB molecules were reacted with the oxygen atoms in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups by ion‐exchange. High reusability demonstrated that the hydrogel could be a potential candidate for removal cationic dye from industrial effluents.
Imaging‐Based Uveitis Surveillance in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Diagnostic Performance
Authors: Akbarali Saira , Rahi Jugnoo S. , Dick Andrew D. , Parkash Kiren , Etherton Katie , Edelsten Clive , Liu Xiaoxuan , Solebo Ameenat L.
Published: September 2020

Objective

Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) need regular examinations for uveitis to avoid visual morbidity from the most common extraarticular manifestation of disease. This study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging‐based diagnosis of uveitis.

Methods

This observational cross‐sectional study included children with and those without uveitis. The children underwent routine clinical examinations and anterior segment OCT scanning of intraocular inflammatory cells. Acceptability of image acquisition was assessed using a visual analog scale and length of time needed to acquire images. Interobserver and intraobserver variability of manual counting of acquired images (Bland‐Altman limits of agreement), correlation between imaging and routine assessment, and sensitivity and specificity of anterior segment OCT detection of active inflammation were assessed.

Results

Of the 26 children ages 3–15 years (median age 8 years) who underwent imaging, 12 had active inflammation. All patients rated the acceptability of image acquisition as at least 8.5 on a scale of 0–10. Time taken to acquire images ranged from 1.5 minutes to 22 minutes (median time 8 minutes). There was good positive correlation between clinical assessment and image‐based cell quantification (R2 = 0.63, P = 0.002). Sensitivity of anterior segment OCT manual image cell count for diagnosis of active inflammation was 92% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 62–99%), specificity was 86% (95% CI 58–98%), and negative predictive value (ruling out uveitis) was 92% (95% CI 65–99%).

Conclusion

Non‐contact, high‐resolution imaging for JIA uveitis surveillance is feasible, acceptable to patients, and holds the promise of transforming pediatric practice. Further work is needed to determine the analytic and clinical validity of anterior segment OCT quantification of active inflammation, and the clinical utility and cost‐effectiveness of imaging‐based disease monitoring.
Mexican Educators Survey on Anatomical Sciences Education and a Review of World Tendencies
Authors: Salinas‐Alvarez Yolanda , Quiroga‐Garza Alejandro , Martinez‐Garza Javier Humberto , Jacobo‐Baca Guillermo , Zarate‐Garza Pablo Patricio , Rodríguez‐Alanís Karla Valeria , Guzman‐Lopez Santos , Elizondo‐Omaña Rodrigo Enrique
Published: September 2020

Anatomical sciences curricula have been under constant reform over the years, with many countries having to reduce course hours while trying to preserve laboratory time. In Mexico, schools have historically been autonomous and unregulated, and data regarding structure and methods are still lacking. A national survey was sent by the Mexican Society of Anatomy to 110 anatomical sciences educators. The questionnaire consisted of 50 items (open and multiple choice) for gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, neuroanatomy, and embryology courses in medical schools across Mexico. A clinical approach was the most common course approach in all disciplines. Contact course hours and laboratory hours were higher in Mexican anatomy education compared to other countries, with the highest reported contact hours for embryology (133.4 ± 44.1) and histology (125 ± 33.2). There were similar contact hours to other countries for gross anatomy (228.5 ± 60.5). Neuroanatomy course hours (43.9 ± 13.1) were less than reported by the United States and similar to Saudi Arabia and higher than the United Kingdom. Dissection and microscopy with histological slides predominate as the most common laboratory activities. Traditional methods prevail in most of the courses in Mexico and only a few educators have implemented innovative and technological tools. Implementation of new methods, approaches, and curricular changes are needed to enhance anatomical sciences education in Mexico.
Muricatacin, a Gateway Molecule to Higher Acetogenin Synthesis
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Bhowmik Amit , Choudhary Priyanka
Published: September 2020

In this review, we have abstracted the various syntheses of acetogenins where the start point has been muricatacin. The latter can best be synthesized in either enantiomer form by the Sharpless method in three steps and can be admired as a gateway molecule for a quick assembly of many higher acetogenins. Muricatacin with orthogonally differentiated hydroxy groups and the available lactone carbonyl for chain elongation/modification can enable the concise synthesis of higher acetogenins. Many closely related synthetic intermediates possible from muricatacin are also abstracted here. The review should give impetus for future synthetic endeavours where the start point could be muricatacin and at least to the new molecules that are yet to be synthesized.
Effect of different limb lengths on quality of life, eating patterns and gastrointestinal symptoms after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in superobese patients: randomized study
Authors: Nergård B J , Leifson B G , Gislason H , Hedenbro J L
Published: September 2020

Background

Distal Roux-en-Y gastrojejunal bypass (DRYGJB) gives better weight reduction than standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) but at the risk of increased malnutrition side-effects. This study compared the effects of RYGB and DRYGJB on gastrointestinal symptoms, eating patterns and health-related quality of life (QoL).

Methods

This was a single-blind RCT from a university-affiliated obesity centre. Patients with a BMI of 50 kg/m2 or above were invited to participate. Treatment arms were standard gastric bypass with an alimentary limb of 150 cm and a biliopancreatic limb of 60 cm, with a variable common channel length, or DRYGJB with biliopancreatic limb of 200 cm, common channel limb of 150 cm and variable alimentary limb length. Baseline and follow-up data to 5 years on quality of life, obesity-related problems and gastrointestinal symptoms were collected using prospectively created and validated questionnaires.

Results

Some 140 patients were included. Those with a DRYGJB had better weight loss at 5 years (mean(s.d.) 68·3(21·8) kg versus 55·7(19·8) kg for standard RYGB; P = 0·011). Eating patterns improved, with no difference between the groups. Gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhoea, indigestion) worsened significantly in both groups, but only patients with DRYGJB had significantly worse diarrhoea at the end of the study than at baseline (P = 0·006). Both groups had improved perceived generic QoL over baseline, and obesity-related problems were markedly reduced.

Conclusion

Standard RYGB and both improved generic and disease-specific QoL and eating behavioural pattern. Diarrhoea was increased more following DRYGJB than after RYGB. Registration number: NCT 01514799 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
Era of digital revolution: Digital entrepreneurship and digital transformation in emerging economies
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Naz Munazza , Maroof Zaib
Published: September 2020

The research paper reconnoiters the digital entrepreneurship and its influence on the business setting in developing economies (China India, Brazil, Russia, Mexico, Indonesia, Turkey, Thailand, South Africa and Malaysia). The empirical data was collected through 1,445 semi‐structured interviews with these economies' entrepreneurs. The research outcomes highlighted that entrepreneur's knowledge act as a sensitive social expectation and enhances support, even the non‐contributively factor of institutional trust. Findings demonstrated that administrative initiatives toward digitalization are pledged to consume invigorated entrepreneurship in all emerging economies consequently providing better chances for advancement and prevailing institutions requirements for further development in order to confirm the economic growth and supportable entrepreneurial situation.
Tuning monoclonal antibody galactosylation using Raman spectroscopy‐controlled lactic acid feeding
Authors: W. Eyster Thomas , Talwar Sameer , Fernandez Janice , Foster Shelby , Hayes James , Allen Randal , Reidinger Scot , Wan Boyong , Ji Xiaodan , Aon Juan , Patel Pramthesh , Ritz Diana B.
Published: September 2020

A key aspect of large‐scale production of biotherapeutics is a well‐designed and consistently‐executed upstream cell culture process. Process analytical technology tools provide enhanced monitoring and control capabilities to support consistent process execution, and also have potential to aid in maintenance of product quality at desired levels. One such tool, Raman spectroscopy, has matured as a useful technique to achieve real‐time monitoring and control of key cell culture process attributes. We developed a Raman spectroscopy‐based nutrient control strategy to enable dual control of lactate and glucose levels for a fed‐batch CHO cell culture process for monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. To achieve this, partial least squares‐based chemometric models for real‐time prediction of glucose and lactate concentrations were developed and deployed in feedback control loops. In particular, feeding of lactic acid post‐metabolic shift was investigated based on previous work that has shown the impact of lactate levels on ammonium as well as mAb product quality. Three feeding strategies were assessed for impact on cell metabolism, productivity, and product quality: bolus‐fed glucose, glucose control at 4 g/L, or simultaneous glucose control at 4 g/L and lactate control at 2 g/L. The third feeding strategy resulted in a significant reduction in ammonium levels (68%) while increasing mAb galactosylation levels by approximately 50%. This work demonstrated that when deployed in a cell culture process, Raman spectroscopy is an effective technique for simultaneous control of multiple nutrient feeds, and that lactic acid feeding can have a positive impact on both cell metabolism and mAb product quality.
Choosing the Right Essential Oil for a Mouthwash: Chemical, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Studies
Authors: Filipović Gordana , Stevanović Milica D. , Stojanović‐Radić Zorica , Obradović Radmila , Randjelović Pavle J. , Radulović Niko S.
Published: September 2020

Thirteen commercial essential oils were assessed for their possible inclusion in a mouthwash formulation based on their inhibitory effect against potentially pathogenic anaerobic oral bacterial isolates from subgingival plaque, and their cytotoxicity towards gingival cells. The essential oils, originating from species belonging to seven major aromatic plant families, were chosen to provide the necessary diversity in chemical composition that was analyzed in detail by GC and GC/MS. Multivariate statistical analysis, performed using the in vitro microbiological/toxicological assays and compositional data, revealed that the major components of the essential oils were probably not the main carriers of the activities observed. A formulation of ‘designer’ mouthwashes is proposed based on the selective action of certain essential oils towards specific bacterial isolates (e. g., Citrus bergamia vs. Parvimonas micra), and non‐toxicity to gingival cells at antimicrobially active concentrations.
Safety and efficacy of mechanical circulatory support with Impella or intra‐aortic balloon pump for high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention and/or cardiogenic shock: Insights from a network meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Takagi Hisato , Ando Tomo , Kodaira Masaki , Numasawa Yohei , Fox John , Bangalore Sripal
Published: September 2020

Background

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) with Impella or intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) is used for high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and/or for cardiogenic shock (CS) due to acute myocardial infarction. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Impella or IABP when compared with no MCS using a network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched through February 2020 for RCT evaluating efficacy of Impella vs. IABP vs. no MCS in patients undergoing high‐risk PCI or CS. The primary efficacy outcome was 30 day or in‐hospital all‐cause mortality whereas the primary safety outcomes were major bleeding and vascular complications.

Results

Our search identified nine RCTs enrolling a total of 1,996 patients with high‐risk PCI and/or CS. There was no significant difference with Impella or IABP on all‐cause mortality when compared with no MCS (Impella vs. no MCS; OR:0.82 [0.35–1.90], p = .65, IABP vs. no MCS; OR:0.77 [0.47–1.28], p = .31, I2 = 18.1%). Impella significantly increased major bleeding compared with no MCS (Impella vs. no MCS; OR:7.01 [1.11–44.4], p = .038, I2 = 19.2%). IABP did not increase the risk of major bleeding compared with no MCS (OR:1.27 [0.75–2.16], p = .38, I2 = 19.2%) but increased vascular complication compared with no MCS (OR:1.92 [1.01–3.64], p = .045, I2 = 1.5%).

Conclusions

Neither Impella nor IABP decreased all‐cause short‐term mortality when compared with no MCS for high‐risk PCI and/or CS. Moreover, Impella increased major bleeding compared with no MCS.
Hierarchical Nitrogen‐doped Mo2C Nanoparticle‐in‐microflower Electrocatalyst: in Situ Synthesis and Efficient Hydrogen‐evolving Performance in Alkaline and Acidic Media
Authors: Sun Yongli , Peng Feifei , Zhang Luhong , Jiang Bin , Dou Haozhen , Zhang Na , Xu Mi , Yang Na
Published: September 2020

Herein, a novel 6∼9 nm nitrogen‐doped Mo2C nanoparticles (Mo2C P) homogeneously decorated on 3D porous nitrogen‐doped Mo2C microflowers (Mo2C F) were prepared in situ to form 0D/3D Mo2C P/Mo2C F. This special structure combines the advantages of Mo2C P and porous Mo2C F to provide a high density of reaction sites and facilitate the diffusion of electrolyte and hydrogen. Mo2C P/Mo2C F exhibits excellent HER performance in both alkaline and acidic solutions. It only requires an overpotential of 96 and 118 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 (η10) in 1.0 M KOH and 0.5 M H2SO4, respectively. Moreover, it works better than commercial Pt/C at high current densities in 1.0 M KOH. The Tafel slopes are less than 50 mV/dec in both media, suggesting an obviously fast HER kinetics. Additionally, this study presents a universally applicable method to prepare MxC P/Mo2C F (M=Fe, Co, V) for different applications.
Electrodeposition of Tin onto Zinc for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Zn/Sn/Cu Precursor Stack for CZTS‐Based Photoconversion Devices
Authors: Panzeri Gabriele , Dell'Oro Ruben , Castelli Francesco , Rossetti Arianna , Rossi Filippo , Magagnin Luca
Published: September 2020

In this work, the synthesis of a Mo(sub)/Zn/Sn/Cu metallic stack through electrodeposition is achieved by using an ethylene‐glycol‐based solution designed to deposit Sn onto a Mo/Zn substrate. The displacement reaction with zinc is minimized through the formation of complexes with diethanolamine. A correlation between the electrochemical behavior of Sn(II) species and the reactivity of zinc upon immersion in the tin plating bath is shown. Morphological and compositional characterization is carried out on the Zn/Sn/Cu stack at the different synthesis steps. Reactive annealing is carried out to convert the metallic precursor into CZTS with a minor presence of secondary phases. The resulting CZTS/CdS/Pt photoelectrode shows a photocurrent density of −5.73 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs RHE under 1 sun (AM 1.5 G). This study demonstrates how the chemistry of the plating bath is crucial for the deposition of thin films onto reactive substrates, reducing the technological gap with vacuum‐based deposition methods.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytomorphology of papillary thyroid carcinoma with NTRK gene rearrangement from a case series with predominantly indeterminate cytology
Authors: Abi‐Raad Rita , Prasad Manju L. , Adeniran Adebowale J. , Cai Guoping
Published: September 2020

Background

Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTRK) rearrangement has been reported in a subset of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cases. Little is known about the cytomorphologic features of NTRK‐rearranged PTC.

Methods

We report an institutional series of 13 fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens of NTRK‐rearranged PTC with a predominantly indeterminate cytology diagnosis. NTRK3 or NTRK1 rearrangements were detected on FNA or surgical specimens by next‐generation sequencing.

Results

The 13 patients had a median age of 18 years; 10 patients were female and 3 patients were male. In 10 (77%) cases, cytology was indeterminate, and histopathologic follow‐up was predominantly the follicular variant of PTC (n = 8 [62%]), mostly infiltrative subtype. Of 12 FNA specimens available for review, a predominant loosely cohesive group pattern was the most commonly encountered architectural pattern (n = 5 [41%]), followed by single cell (n = 3 [25%]), thick cord (n = 2 [17%]), and microfollicular pattern (n = 2 [17%]). Background lymphocytic thyroiditis was observed in 9 cases. At the cellular level, the cytoplasm was moderate and granular, occasionally vacuolated. Classic PTC nuclear features (eg, nuclear enlargement, elongation, grooves, and nuclear membrane irregularity) were present but were often focal and subtle. Chromatin was often granular. Intranuclear pseudoinclusions were absent or rare.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that most cases of NTRK rearrangement lack classic PTC cytomorphologic characteristics. Loosely cohesive groups and single cells with granular, sometimes vacuolated cytoplasm and subtle nuclear features are often seen on FNA specimens. Recognizing these characteristics may be helpful to preoperatively prompt molecular testing, including NTRK rearrangement analysis.
Recent Advances in Phosphorus‐Coordinated Transition Metal Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Ning Fengzhi , Wan Xin , Liu Xiaofang , Yu Ronghai , Shui Jianglan
Published: September 2020

Carbon‐supported heteroatom‐coordinated metal single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to their low cost and tunable catalytic activity. Adjusting the electronic structure of the active center is an effective way to improve the activity of SACs. Compared with the intensively studied nitrogen‐coordinated transition metal atoms (e. g. Fe, Co and Mn), phosphorus‐coordinated and nitrogen‐phosphorus dual‐coordinated ones exhibit different electronic structures, which changes the reaction energy barrier and enhances the catalytic activity. This review summarizes recent advances in phosphorus coordination SACs for ORR in terms of theoretical study, site structure determination, synthesis method and catalytic activity. Further research is called for to explore the precise synthesis of phosphorus coordination SACs in a controllable manner and check the SACs under actual working conditions.
Multiattribute approximate nearest neighbor search based on navigable small world graph
Authors: Xu Xiaoliang , Li Chang , Wang Yuxiang , Xia Yixing
Published: September 2020

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is widely employed to find the most similar data efficiently from a large‐scale dataset. The key of ANNS is to construct an effective index to prune the search space and retrieve the approximate data rather than the exact one in a very short time. Most of the existing ANNS methods only adopt the distance metric to build an index, which cannot support multiattribute ANNS. In this article, we present a novel approach for multiattribute ANNS based on navigable small world (NSW) graph, called MA‐NSW. Given a dataset, MA‐NSW (i) builds a proximity subgraph overlay for each multiattribute combination, and integrates all overlays to a hierarchical index, (ii) adopts a navigation tree to access related subgraph overlay and prune unrelated overlays, and (iii) gets nearest neighbor results from the related overlays by greedy search. MA‐NSW guarantees efficiency and it is defined in terms of arbitrary metric spaces (eg, Euclidean distance and cosine similarity). Performance evaluation has demonstrated that the proposed approach shows superior performance in multiattribute ANNS.
The role of data management in the Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: AlSuwaidan Lulwah
Published: September 2020

The rapid development of Internet technology, networking, and emergence technologies has deeply impacted manufacturing. Moreover, the massive data being generated have increased tremendously. All of these factors have supported the transformation of the traditional manufacturing paradigm toward smart manufacturing. At present, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is an underlying platform for various smart manufacturers seeking an effective and powerful structure. Oil and gas is an industry affected by this transformation. This article discusses the role of data management in supporting the IIoT and smart manufacturing. It also proposes a taxonomy that classifies and categorizes the pillars of data management in the IIoT. It includes the basis of important parameters such as data sources, machine learning, performance management, business intelligent, and big data. In order to measure the role of data management in the IIoT, we consider Saudi Arabia as a case study for the IIoT, and review and explore the current challenges and potential future solutions. In addition, we propose an Internet of Things (IoT)‐based reliable architecture for monitoring the flow of operations in the oil and gas industry.
Synthetic Chemical Systems Involving Self‐Catalytic Reactions of Helicene Oligomer Foldamers
Authors: Sawato Tsukasa , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: September 2020

Self‐catalysis is defined as catalysis by a product of a chemical reaction, that causes a significant increase in reaction rate in terms of the progress of the reaction. When a self‐catalytic reaction is involved in a reversible nonequilibrium‐to‐equilibrium chemical reaction, notable kinetic phenomena appear including sigmoidal kinetics, the seeding effect, thermal hysteresis, and chiral symmetry breaking. The nature of self‐catalytic reactions is characterized by microscopic mechanisms involving pathways of molecular structural changes and by macroscopic mechanisms involving molecular flux. Reversible self‐catalytic reactions, which exhibit notably high sensitivity to environmental changes, are also observed. In this Review, reversible self‐catalytic reactions of helicene oligomer foldamers during formation of homo‐ and hetero‐double‐helices are discussed, which exhibit the properties outlined above.
Participation of hotel managers in CSR activities in developing countries: A defining role of CSR orientation, CSR competencies, and CSR commitment
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Majid Abdul , Yasir Muhammad , Qudratullah Hassan , Ullah Raza , Khattak Amira
Published: September 2020

The current study examines the influence of CSR orientation and CSR competencies of hotel managers on their CSR participation. Moreover, the mediating role of CSR commitment in the connection between CSR orientation, CSR competencies and CSR participation has also been tested. Data from 324 CEOs (chief executive officers), finance manager, policy makers, and managing directors of 4 stars and 5 stars hotels were collected. Results reveal that CSR orientation and CSR competencies positively predict CSR commitment. Moreover, CSR commitment significantly predicts the CSR participation. The findings of the study also confirm that CSR commitment mediates the relationships between CSR orientation and CSR participation and CSR competencies and CSR participation. The results of the study suggest that managers having control on organizational resources can positively contribute towards CSR activities and successfully respond to the demands of various shareholders by focusing on societal and environmental issues.
Light‐Mediated Carboxylation Using Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Fan Zhengning , Zhang Zeyu , Xi Chanjuan
Published: September 2020

Carbon dioxide is a green and sustainable one‐carbon source, which could be utilized in the production of various fine chemicals. In recent studies, the light‐mediated carboxylation employing CO2 has received considerable attention. The photocarboxylation of substrates with CO2 to build novel C−C bonds is introduced in this Minireview. The article is arranged based on the light‐driven reactive intermediates, including CO2 radical anion, substrate radical anions, carbanions, and M−C species. Most of the cases are under the topic of photoredox catalysis, with single electron transfer as the main driving force. Some non‐catalytic examples are also discussed to provide more mechanistic insights.
Fast and furious: Early differences in growth rate drive short‐term plant dominance and exclusion under eutrophication
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Hefting Mariet M. , Soons Merel B. , Kowalchuk George A. , Rees Mark , Hector Andy , Turnbull Lindsay A. , Zhou Xiaolong , Guo Zhi , Chu Chengjing , Du Guozhen , Hautier Yann
Published: September 2020

The reduction of plant diversity following eutrophication threatens many ecosystems worldwide. Yet, the mechanisms by which species are lost following nutrient enrichment are still not completely understood, nor are the details of when such mechanisms act during the growing season, which hampers understanding and the development of mitigation strategies.

Using a common garden competition experiment, we found that early‐season differences in growth rates among five perennial grass species measured in monoculture predicted short‐term competitive dominance in pairwise combinations and that the proportion of variance explained was particularly greater under a fertilization treatment.

We also examined the role of early‐season growth rate in determining the outcome of competition along an experimental nutrient gradient in an alpine meadow. Early differences in growth rate between species predicted short‐term competitive dominance under both ambient and fertilized conditions and competitive exclusion under fertilized conditions.

The results of these two studies suggest that plant species growing faster during the early stage of the growing season gain a competitive advantage over species that initially grow more slowly, and that this advantage is magnified under fertilization. This finding is consistent with the theory of asymmetric competition for light in which fast‐growing species can intercept incident light and hence outcompete and exclude slower‐growing (and hence shorter) species. We predict that the current chronic nutrient inputs into many terrestrial ecosystems worldwide will reduce plant diversity and maintain a low biodiversity state by continuously favoring fast‐growing species. Biodiversity management strategies should focus on controlling nutrient inputs and reducing the growth of fast‐growing species early in the season.
A cultural framework for Indigenous, Local, and Science knowledge systems in ecology and natural resource management
Authors: Varghese Jeji , Crawford Stephen S.
Published: September 2020

The relationship between Indigenous, Local, and Science knowledge systems has been the subject of much debate over the past few decades, especially in ecology and natural resource management. In this monograph, we review available scholarship to develop a pragmatic framework for representation of knowledge systems in general, with specific emphasis on productive engagement between individuals from different communities and cultures. We distill operational definitions/explanations of fundamental concepts associated with data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. With these concepts clarified, we reconsider previous applications of sociocultural knowledge system thinking, focusing on system structure and function. Our analysis leads to convergence on a set of fundamental knowledge system processes and actor roles that have emerged repeatedly across many of the scholarly disciplines. We embed these key concepts within a general framework for operational characterization of sociocultural knowledge systems. In order to demonstrate existing and potential applications of the knowledge system framework, we present and discuss major trends in recent ecology and natural resource management literature. Finally, we propose that continued and collaborative development of this general framework can serve as a pragmatic tool for individuals from Indigenous, Local, and Science knowledge systems who wish to engage in reciprocal and meaningful dialogue with members of other knowledge systems, especially regarding the highly uncertain global future of ecology and natural resource management.
Epidemiology of heart failure: Study of Heart failure in the Australian Primary carE setting (SHAPE)
Authors: Liew Danny , Audehm Ralph G. , Haikerwal Deepak , Piazza Peter , Neville A. Munro , Lim Kevin , Parsons Richard W. , Sindone Andrew P.
Published: September 2020

Aims

At present, there is no robust information on the prevalence and incidence of heart failure (HF) in the general Australian community. The present study of primary care data sought to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HF in the community and to describe the demographic and clinical profile of Australians with HF.

Methods and results

We undertook a retrospective cohort study based on analysis of anonymized medical records of adult patients cared for at 43 Australian general practices between 1 July 2013 and 30 June 2018. Data were extracted from coded and uncoded fields in electronic medical records. The prevalence and annual incidence of HF were calculated, along with 95% confidence intervals, using the ‘active’ population of people who were regular attenders at the practices. Age‐standardized estimates were also derived using the 2017 Australian population as reference. The mean age of the population with HF was 69.8 years, 50.6% were female, and mean body mass index was 31.2 kg/m2. The age‐standardized prevalence was 2.199% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.168–2.23%], and the age‐standardized annual incidence was 0.348% (95% CI: 0.342–0.354%). These estimates accord with almost 420 000 people living with HF in Australia in 2017, and >66 000 new cases of HF occurring that year. Only 18.9% of patients with definite HF had this formally captured as a ‘diagnosis’ in their medical record. HF was more frequent among those of lower socio‐economic status.

Conclusions

HF is common in Australia. The majority of HF patients do not have this diagnosis optimally noted in their primary care medical records.