bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of senescence and apoptosis during development of branchial arches, epibranchial placodes, and pharyngeal pouches
Authors: Washausen Stefan , Knabe Wolfgang
Published: June 2023

Background

Many developmental processes are coregulated by apoptosis and senescence. However, there is a lack of data on the development of branchial arches, epibranchial placodes, and pharyngeal pouches, which harbor epibranchial signaling centers.

Results

Using immunohistochemical, histochemical, and 3D reconstruction methods, we show that in mice, senescence and apoptosis together may contribute to the invagination of the branchial clefts and the deepening of the cervical sinus floor, in antagonism to the proliferation acting in the evaginating branchial arches. The concomitant apoptotic elimination of lateral line rudiments occurs in the absence of senescence. In the epibranchial placodes, senescence and apoptosis appear to (1) support invagination or at least indentation by immobilizing the margins of the centrally proliferating pit, (2) coregulate the number and fate of Pax8+ precursors, (3) progressively narrow neuroblast delamination sites, and (4) contribute to placode regression. Putative epibranchial signaling centers in the pharyngeal pouches are likely deactivated by rostral senescence and caudal apoptosis.

Conclusions

Our results reveal a plethora of novel patterns of apoptosis and senescence, some overlapping, some complementary, whose functional contributions to the development of the branchial region, including the epibranchial placodes and their signaling centers, can now be tested experimentally.
Population genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of Ambrosiaartemisiifolia under different nitrogen levels
Authors: Xiong Yunqi , Oduor Ayub M. O. , Zhao Caiyun
Published: June 2023

Rapid adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity are two mechanisms that often underlie invasiveness of alien plant species, but whether they can co‐occur within invasive plant populations under altered environmental conditions such as nitrogen (N) enrichment has seldom been explored. Latitudinal clines in plant trait responses to variation in environmental factors may provide evidence of local adaptation. Here, we inferred the relative contributions of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation to the performance of the invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia under different soil N levels, using a common garden approach. We grew A. artemisiifolia individuals raised from seeds that were sampled from six invasive populations along a wide latitudinal cline in China (23°42′ N to 45°43′ N) under three N (0, 5, and 10 g N m−2) levels in a common garden. Results show significant interpopulation genetic differentiation in plant height, number of branches, total biomass, and transpiration rate of the invader A. artemisiifolia across the N treatments. The populations also expressed genetic differentiation in basal diameter, growth rate, leaf area, seed width, root biomass, aboveground biomass, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration regardless of N treatments. Moreover, plants from different populations of the invader displayed plastic responses in time to first flower, hundred‐grain weight, net photosynthetic rate, and relative biomass allocation to roots and shoots and seed length under different N treatments. Additionally, individuals of A. artemisiifolia from higher latitudes grew shorter and allocated less biomass to the roots regardless of N treatment, while latitudinal cline (or lack thereof) in other traits depended on the level of N in which the plants were grown. Overall, these results suggest that rapid adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity in the various traits that we quantified may jointly contribute to invasiveness of A. artemisiifolia under different levels of N availability. More broadly, the results support the idea that phenotypic plasticity and rapid adaptive evolution can jointly enable invasive plants to colonize a wide range of environmental conditions.
Multivariate Bayesian analysis to predict invasiveness ofPhytophthorapathogens
Authors: Marcot Bruce G. , Scott Peter , Burgess Treena I.
Published: June 2023

Global concerns are many for the invasive impacts ofPhytophthorapathogens on native vegetation, agriculture, nurseries, and urban parks and gardens. We compiled a database of 32 traits on 204 species ofPhytophthoraincluding data on each species' taxonomy (clade and subclade), historical knowledge (years since first described), impacted ecosystems, microenvironments inhabited, dispersal mode, physiology, and morphology. Drawing from approximately 11,394 unique host, pathogen, and country plant disease records from GenBank and other sources, we calculated potential invasiveness of 103 better studied species from cluster relationships. We used the species data to create a Bayesian network model predicting the degree and probability of invasiveness of individualPhytophthoraspecies. Model calibration testing resulted in <1% error rate in classifying invasiveness categories of well‐known species. We applied the model to predict the potential invasiveness of 101 other species with unknown invasiveness dynamics. The model can also be used to predict the invasive risk of other poorly studied and newly identifiedPhytophthoraspecies, and the general modeling approach can be used for other pests and pathogens, to advise land and resource managers to thwart potential invasions before they occur or intensify.
Associations between KCNQ1OT1 genetic variation rs10766212 and susceptibility to colorectal cancer and clinical stage in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Nie Wanjia , Zhang Shulong , Gao Xueren
Published: June 2023

KCNQ1OT1 has been linked to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). As a result, functional polymorphisms in the KCNQ1OT1 gene may have a role in CRC formation and progression. The goal of this study was to see if the rs10766212 polymorphism on the KCNQ1OT1 gene was linked to CRC susceptibility and clinical stage in a Chinese Han population. The case–control research comprised a total of 576 CRC patients and 606 healthy controls. The genotype of the rs10766212 polymorphic locus was determined using the Sanger sequencing technique. We found that the KCNQ1OT1 rs10766212 polymorphism was not related to CRC susceptibility; however, it was connected with the clinical stage of CRC. Patients with CRC who had the rs10766212 T allele had a lower risk of stage III/IV tumors than those who had the rs10766212 C allele. Furthermore, CRC tissues with the rs10766212 CC genotype showed a significant negative connection between KCNQ1OT1 and hsa‐miR‐622 expression. The luciferase assay showed that the rs10766212 C allele might contribute to the adsorption of KCNQ1OT1 on hsa‐miR‐622. In conclusion, the rs10766212 polymorphism altering hsa‐miR‐622 binding is linked to the clinical stage of CRC and may serve as a biomarker for predicting CRC progression in the Chinese Han population. However, better‐designed studies are still needed to confirm the current findings.
Thermokinetic and Ballistic Property Studies of Azide‐Based Airbag Gas Generants with Dual Oxidizers (Sr(NO3)2 and KNO3)
Authors: Surendran Lathika Aravind , Sivapirakasam Suthangathan Paramashivan , Mohan Sreejith , Surianarayanan Mahadevan
Published: June 2023

Thermokinetic degradation studies of an airbag gas generant ternary mixture comprising NaN3, KNO3, and SrNO3 are carried out for the first time using simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry–thermogravimetric analysis. The results point toward the fact that the use of dual oxidizers has improved the reactivity of the azide‐based airbag gas generant mixture and reduced the amount of residual masses remaining after degradation to a minimal value of 2%. The activation energy of the mixture is also found to be increased to a maximum value of 249 kJ mol−1 which is better than the conventional airbag mixtures. The ballistic property studies done on the ternary mixture show that it can activate the airbag within 43.3 ms of crash which is very much an improved timeframe compared to the existing airbag mixtures. The study indicates that stoichiometric mixture containing NaN3/Sr(NO3)2/KNO3:75/12/13 by weight can be used as a potential airbag gas generant for automotive airbags. The blended mode methodology used in this research work combining the thermokinetic and ballistic property measurement can be effectively used to evaluate the performance parameters of airbag gas generants.
Operation Performance Analysis of a Novel Renewable Energy‐Driven Multienergy Supply System Based on Wind, Photovoltaic, Concentrating Solar Power, Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers, and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Liu Lintong , Zhai Rongrong , Hu Yangdi , Liu Siyuan
Published: June 2023

In pursuing clean energy systems and carbon neutrality, the efficient use of renewable energy is key. This research introduces a novel wind–solar–hydrogen multienergy supply (WSH‐MES) system, powered by renewables, designed to stabilize power output through regulated concentrating solar power (CSP) and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMEs). An active regulation strategy for thermal and hydrogen storage is developed to counterbalance the volatility of wind and photovoltaic power. Key results reveal that the WSH‐MES system surpasses WP–PV and WP–PV–CSP systems in reliability, reducing power supply loss probability to 2.81%. This improvement is largely due to the controlled CSP and PEME, which effectively mitigates the stochastic fluctuations in wind and solar power generation, thereby ensuring more stable and reliable power output. Moreover, the system achieves an 80.97% primary renewable energy rate and a 0.12 power discard rate. In conclusion, this research comprehensively examines the operational characteristics of the WSH‐MES system, elucidates the practical advantages of the WSH‐MES system in terms of reliability, renewable energy utilization, and adaptability under various conditions. The results offer valuable insights into the design and operation of multienergy supply systems, potentially fostering the large‐scale implementation of renewable energy systems and leading toward a sustainable energy future.
Semi‐Dry Extrusion‐Based Processing for Graphite Anodes: Morphological Insights and Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Wiegmann Eike , Cavers Heather , Diener Alexander , Kwade Arno
Published: June 2023

To improve the sustainability of large‐scale battery production, it is important to find affordable, energy‐efficient processing strategies. Additionally, to achieve electrochemical performances with good rate capability and cycling stability, it is important to understand the link between the processing strategy and the resulting anode morphology. Herein, a novel, low‐solvent, extrusion‐based strategy is employed for the production of graphite anodes. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted between semi‐dry processed electrodes and conventionally manufactured anodes, focusing on structural parameters such as parameter distribution, ionic resistances, and rate capability. Besides, various screw configurations are employed during the semi‐dry process, and it is observed that higher energy input during mixing resulted in an increase in the surface area of the anode. Moreover, it is noted that an increased surface area correlated with enhanced rate capability during cycling. This finding highlights the advantages of employing low‐solvent, extrusion‐based processing methods. Nevertheless, excessively high surface areas lead to an increase in the electrolyte/electrode interface area, resulting in the formation of an undesirable solid–electrolyte interphase that hampers discharge capacity and cycling stability. Hence, it is crucial to strike a balance between the electrode's microstructure, including particle structures, and its electrochemical performance.
Enhanced Ventilation Processes on Vacuum Thermal Reduction TiO2 Porous Ceramics for High‐Efficiency Solar‐Driven Interfacial Evaporation
Authors: Chen Lei , Yao Dongxu , Liang Hanqin , Xia Yongfeng , Zeng Yu-Ping
Published: June 2023

The emerging solar‐driven interfacial evaporators have recently garnered significant attention due to their ability to convert solar energy into heat that is confined to the surface water layer, presenting excellent evaporation performance and industrial potential. Nevertheless, current research primarily focuses on optimizing the light absorption, water supply, and thermal management of the evaporator to enhance its evaporation performance. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to optimize the evaporation performance of the evaporator by enhancing the airflow at its evaporation interface. Black TiO2 porous ceramics obtained through vacuum heat treatment are employed with both high light absorption and strong structural support, displaying an excellent compressive strength of 81.87 MPa and a 419% enhancement in light absorption in the solar spectrum compared to pure TiO2. Evaporators assisted by artificial ventilation and enhanced natural ventilation strategies achieve evaporation rates of 2.052 and 1.587 kg m−2 h−1, respectively, under 1 sun irradiation (1 kW m−2). This represents an increase of 40.4% and 8.5%, respectively, compared to the evaporation rate of the nonassisted evaporator. This work presents a novel approach to optimize the evaporation performance of the solar‐driven interfacial evaporator.
A survey review on individual perception of environmental awareness in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Teja Kambhampati , Krishna Chinta Venkata Murali , Rao Kambhampati Venkata Sambasiva , Sai Pappula Charan
Published: June 2023

Environmental protection in the twenty‐first century is more important than ever. Despite this, urbanization has led to an increase in the worldwide push for environmental sustainability and reducing pollution from human activities in the air, water, soil, etc. Pursuing a better quality of life has led humanity to use more of the planet's finite resources. This analysis focused on demographics such as age, gender, occupation, degree of education, and socio‐economic status. This study focuses on the people of Andhra Pradesh, India, to gauge their familiarity with and outlook on climate change and other worldwide environmental concerns. People's judgments of the efficacy of individual action in coping with the adverse effects of environmental and climatic changes and the most visible changes in these areas are assessed. The results of this research will be used to shape future communication and public awareness campaigns, whether they are aimed at spreading specific ideas or policies. Thus, it is seen as more vital to examine the possibility of strengthening communication capabilities and public outreach than to determine whether or not common knowledge is accurate.
Radiomics features from 3D‐MPRAGE imaging can differentiate temporal‐plus epilepsy from temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Yin Fangzhao , Yan Xiaoming , Gao Runshi , Ren Zhiwei , Yu Tao , Zhao Zhuoling , Zhang Guojun
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aimed to differentiate temporal‐plus epilepsy (TPE) from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) using extraction of radiomics features from three‐dimensional magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (3D‐MPRAGE) imaging data.

Methods

Data from patients with TLE or TPE who underwent epilepsy surgery between January 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty‐three regions of interest in the affected hemisphere of each patient were defined on 3D‐MPRAGE images. A total of 3531 image features were extracted from each patient. Four feature selection methods and 10 machine learning algorithms were used to build 40 differentiation models. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results

Eighty‐two patients were included for analysis, 47 with TLE and 35 with TPE. The model combining logistic regression and the relief selection method had the best performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, .779; accuracy, .875; sensitivity, .800; specificity, .929; positive predictive value, .889; negative predictive value, .867).

Significance

Radiomics analysis can differentiate TPE from TLE. The logistic regression classifier trained with radiomics features extracted from 3D‐MPRAGE images had the highest accuracy and best performance.
Dynamics of glucose concentration during the initiation of ketogenic diet treatment in children with refractory epilepsy: Results of continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Brožová Klára , Michalec Juraj , Brabec Marek , Bořilová Petra , Kohout Pavel , Brož Jan
Published: June 2023

Objective

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a diet low in carbohydrates and rich in fats which has long been used to treat refractory epilepsy. The metabolic changes related to the KD may increase the risk of hypoglycemia, especially during the first days. The study focused on the impact of KD initiation on glycemia in non‐diabetic patients with refractory epilepsy.

Methods

The subjects were 10 pediatric patients (6 boys, mean age 6.1 ± 2.4 years), treated for intractable epilepsy. Blinded continuous glucose monitoring system (CGM) Dexcom G4 was used. Patients started on their regular diet in the first 36 hours of monitoring, followed by an increase in lipids intake and a gradual reduction of carbohydrates (relations 1:1; 2:1; 3:1; 3.5:1). We analyzed changes in glycemia during fat: nonfat ratio changes using a generalized linear model.

Results

The mean monitored time per person was 6 days, 10 hours and 44 minutes. The mean ± SD glycemia for the regular diet was 4.84 ± 0.20 mmol/L, for the carbohydrates/fat ratio of 1:1 it was 4.03 ± 0.16, for the ratio of 2:1 it was 3.57 ± 0.10, for the ratio 3:1 it was 3.39 ± 0.13 and for the final ratio of 3.5:1 it was 2.79 ± 0.06 mmol/L (P < 0.001). The portions of time spent in glycemia ≤3.5 mmol/L (≤2.5 mmol/L respectively) were: on the normal diet 0.88% (0.31%) of the monitored period, during 1:1 KD ratio 1.92% (0.95%), during 2:1 ratio 3.18% (1.02%), and during 3:1 and 3.5:1 ratios 13.64% (2.36%) of the monitored time (P < 0.05).

Significance

Continuous glucose monitoring system shows the dynamic of glucose concentration in ketogenic diet treatment initiation. It may be a useful tool to control the effects of this diet on glucose metabolism, especially in hypoglycemia detection.
A practical three‐dimensional plasticity model for cyclic degradation of soil in earthquake loading applications
Authors: Qiu Zhijian , Prabhakaran Athul , Zhou Yan‐Guo , Elgamal Ahmed
Published: June 2023

A practical yet realistic three‐dimensional (3D) constitutive model is presented for modeling the cyclic degradation behavior of soil. Such response can be attributed to pore pressure build‐up and loss of cementation, among other stiffness and strength degradation mechanisms. Extending an existing multi‐yield surface (MYS) plasticity formulation, the cyclic degradation model (CDM) is developed by incorporating a novel degradation logic in terms of accumulated plastic strain or as prescribed by the user. Thereafter, the CDM is implemented into a computational framework (OpenSees), and Finite Element (FE) calibrations are undertaken to match the available experimental data at the element and system levels. A generally good agreement between the FE simulations and centrifuge test data demonstrates the CDM's capabilities to simulate the seismic response of sloping sites. Using the calibrated model properties, full 3D FE simulations of a large‐scale multi‐span bridge configuration, motivated by details of an actual bridge system in sloping ground, are conducted to highlight the underlying response mechanisms. In addition, computed results including and precluding the effects of cyclic degradation are directly compared and discussed. It is shown that loss of soil strength and stiffness play a noticeable role in the resulting ground and bridge response. Overall, the newly developed constitutive model and findings are of importance for a wide range of soil formations where cyclic degradation occurs under earthquake loading.
Effect of mannitol‐based reduced‐volume hydration on kidney function in concomitant cisplatin‐based chemoradiation for head‐and‐neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Paschen Christopher , Moll Matthias , Altorjai Gabriela , Hecking Manfred , Fuereder Thorsten , Widder Joachim , Herrmann Harald
Published: June 2023

Objective

Nephrotoxicity is frequent in cisplatin‐based chemoradiation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Toxicity outcomes and achieved cisplatin‐doses after change of departmental hydration policy are presented.

Methods

We performed a retrospective time‐series analysis of HNSCC patients undergoing chemoradiation with conventional hydration (CH) between 01/2017 and 09/2018 versus shorter hydration with mannitol (SHM) between 09/2018 and 08/2019 to compare the rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) and cumulative cisplatin dose.

Results

Among 113 HNSCC patients, SHM (n = 35) in comparison to CH (n = 78) correlated with less AKI (54.3% vs. 74.4%; p = 0.034) and higher cisplatin doses (82.9% vs. 61.5% ≥200 mg/m2; p = 0.025). AKI ≥grade 2 was lower with SHM (2.9% vs. CH: 22.8%; p = 0.01). AKI occurred more frequently in females (92.6% vs. males: 60.5%, p = 0.002). Females received lower cumulative cisplatin doses (51.9% vs. males: 73.3%; p = 0.037).

Conclusions

We observed less AKI and higher cumulative chemotherapy doses with SHM. Female patients were at higher risk of AKI.
Polyglycerol sebacate‐based elastomeric materials for arterial regeneration
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Zhang Miao , Liu Linyang , Mithieux Suzanne M. , Weiss Anthony S.
Published: June 2023

Synthetic vascular grafts are commonly used in patients with severe occlusive arterial disease when autologous grafts are not an option. Commercially available synthetic grafts are confronted with challenging outcomes: they have a lower patency rate than autologous grafts and are currently unable to promote arterial regeneration. Polyglycerol sebacate (PGS), a non‐toxic polymer with a tunable degradation profile, has shown promising results as a small‐diameter vascular graft component that can support the formation of neoarteries. In this review, we first present an overview of the synthesis and modification of PGS followed by an examination of its mechanical properties. We then report on the performance, degradation, regeneration, and remodeling of PGS‐based small‐diameter vascular grafts, with a focus on efforts to reduce thrombosis, prevent dilation, and promote cellular residency and extracellular matrix regeneration that resembles the native artery in spatial distribution and organization. We also highlight recent advances in the incorporation of novel in situ cell sources for arterial regeneration and their potential application in PGS‐based vascular grafts. Finally, we compare vascular grafts fabricated using PGS‐based materials with other elastomeric alternatives.
Oleanolic acid increases the anticancer potency of doxorubicin in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Esmaeili Hosein , Nasrollahzadeh Sabet Mehrdad , Mosaed Reza , Chamanara Mohsen , Hadi Saeid , Hazrati Ebrahim , Farhadi Arezoo , Heidari Mohammad Foad , Behroozi Javad
Published: June 2023

Combination therapy is a novel cancer therapy approach that combines two or more chemotherapy drugs. This treatment modality enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy by targeting key pathways in an additive or synergistic manner. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of combination therapy by widely used chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) and oleanolic acid (OA) to induction of apoptosis for pancreatic cancer (PC) therapy. The effects of DOX, OA, and their combination (DOX‐OA) were investigated on proliferation and viability of PC cell line (PANC‐1) by MTT assay. Moreover, migration and invasion of the cancer cells were evaluated by trans‐well migration assay and wound healing assay. Flow cytometry and DAPI (4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole) staining were employed to investigate apoptosis quantification and qualification of the treated cancer cells. Finally, mRNA expression of apoptosis‐related genes was assessed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Our results demonstrated that the proliferation and metastasis potential of PC cells significantly decreased after treatment by DOX, OA, and DOX‐OA. Moreover, we observed an increase in apoptosis percentage in the treated cancer cells. The apoptosis‐related gene expression was modified to increase the apoptosis rate in all of the treatment groups. However, the anticancer potency of DOX‐OA combination was significantly more than that of DOX and OA treatments alone. Our study suggested that DOX‐OA combination exerts more profound anticancer effects against PC cell lines than DOX or OA monotherapy. This approach may increase the efficiency of chemotherapy and reduce unintended side effects by lowering the prescribed dose of DOX.
GUIDE: A GUI for automated quantum chemistry calculations
Authors: Sarkar Arkadeep , Sessa Lucia , Marrafino Francesco , Piotto Stefano
Published: June 2023

The accuracy of quantum mechanics (QM) simulations depends heavily on the quality of initial input files. Despite the popularity of QM simulation packages, achieving precise results still heavily relies on the user's proficiency in preparing the QM simulation systems. In this work, we present an easy‐to‐use tool called GUIDE, a YASARA plugin to assist researchers in quantum chemistry workflow automation using ORCA and MOPAC simulation packages. GUIDE lets users compute complex QM calculation workflows via an automated graphical window system. It allows for a more integrated and streamlined research process, as researchers can easily access all the necessary tools within one software without switching between multiple programs. This tool can save time and increase efficiency in computational chemistry methods. GUIDE is written in Python and is freely available for download at https://github.com/YAMACS-SML/GUIDE. The plugin is released under a GPL‐3.0 license and is supported on Windows and Linux.
Constant advance replicas method for locating minimum energy paths and transition states
Authors: Song Zilin , Ding Ye , Huang Jing
Published: June 2023

The chain‐of‐states (CoS) constant advance replicas (CAR) method and its climbing image variant (CI‐CAR) for locating minimum energy paths (MEPs) and transition states are reported. The CAR algorithm applies the Lagrange multiplier method for imposing holonomic constraints on a chain‐of‐replicas, aiming to maintain equal mass‐weighted/scaled root‐mean‐square (RMS) distances between the adjacent replicas by removing the sliding‐down displacements contributed by the potential gradients during path optimization. Two contextual regularization schemes with clear geometrical interpretations are implemented to jointly promote high convergence and numerical robustness of the CAR algorithm. We show that the constrained reaction path can be solved normally within 5 steps of Lagrange multiplier updates with remarkably high numerical precision via the CAR approach. The efficacy of the CAR methods is demonstrated by testing on multiple analytical, classical, and quantum mechanical transition paths: the Müller potential, the alanine dipeptide isomerization, the helix unwinding of the VIVITLVMLKKK 12‐mer peptide, and the Baker set of reactions. We also explore the potential of applying adaptive momentum (AdaM) optimizers for locating optimal transition paths under complex conformational changes. Most importantly, we discuss extensively the differences and connections between our newly proposed CAR methods and several related methods, with focuses on the reaction path with holonomic constraints (RPCons) approach of Brokaw et al. [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2009, 5 (8), 2050–2061] and the state‐of‐the‐art string method (SM) of E et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 2007, 126 (16), 164103]. The CAR approach represents a latest update to the general theoretical framework of reaction path finding algorithms in the two‐ended CoS regime.
A model to facilitate critical thinking of radiography students
Authors: Pieterse Tracey , Temane Annie , Downing Charlene
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Critical thinking is a much‐needed skill required by radiography students, across disciplines, when they graduate. The facilitation of critical thinking is a task that radiography educators are faced with in order to produce graduates who can apply these skills in the clinical setting, for the best care of the patient. The development of critical thinking skills is challenging, and currently there is no radiography‐specific model which has been implemented and evaluated as a framework of reference for radiography educators. The aim of this article is to present a critical thinking model as a framework of reference that was implemented and evaluated by diagnostic radiography educators.

Methods

A theory‐generating qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used for the development of a model to facilitate critical thinking skills of diagnostic radiography students in a South African setting.

Results

A theory‐generation model to facilitate critical thinking skills for radiography students was developed. The model was implemented and evaluated by radiography educators. Three themes emerged from the evaluation of the model after implementation. The results indicated the implementation of the model provided a platform for radiography educators to collaborate and purposefully tailor activities to incorporate critical thinking into their teaching.

Conclusions

Through the implementation of the model, radiography educators felt empowered by using a framework of reference to facilitate critical thinking skills of radiography students.
Diversity of picornaviruses detected in diarrheal samples from children in Belém, Brazilian Amazon (1982–2019)
Authors: Coutinho Carla Rafaela Monteiro , Cardoso Jedson Ferreira , Siqueira Jones Anderson Monteiro , Machado Raiana Scerni , Chagas Júnior Wanderley Dias das , Tavares Fernando Neto , Gabbay Yvone Benchimol
Published: June 2023

In this investigation, fecal specimens from children with diarrhea were collected from four community studies conducted between 1982 and 2019 in Belém, Brazilian Amazon. A total of 234 samples were tested by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) to detect infections by picornaviruses of the Enterovirus (EV), Parechovirus (HPeV), Cosavirus (HCoSV), Kobuvirus (Aichivirus ‐ AiV) and Salivirus (SalV) genera. The positive samples were subjected to different amplification protocols of the VP1 region of the genome, such as nested PCR or snPCR, and were subsequently genotyped by sequencing VP1 and VP3 of the viral genome. Positivity was observed in 76.5% (179/234) of the samples tested using RT‐qPCR for at least one virus, and co‐infection was observed in 37.4% (67/179) of the cases. EV was detected in 50.8% (119/234), HPeV in 29.9% (70/234), HCoSV in 27.3% (64/234), and AiV/SalV in 2.1% (5/234) of the specimens tested by RT‐qPCR. Using nested PCR and/or snPCR techniques, the positivity rates were 94.11% (112/119) for EV, 72.85% (51/70) for HPeV, and 20.31% (13/64) for HCoSV. It was not possible to amplify the samples that were positive for AiV/SalV. Sequencing revealed 67.2% (80/119) EV, 51.4% (36/70) HPeV, and 20.31% (13/64) HCoSV. Forty‐five different types of EV were found among species A, B, and C; HCoSV identified five species, including a possible recombinant strain; all HPeV were identified as belonging to species A, in two samples a possible recombination involving three different strains was verified. This study demonstrated the high circulation and diversity of different types of picornaviruses in fecal samples, including those collected more than 30 years ago. This endorsed the evaluation of important points in the epidemiology of these viruses, such as the presence of co‐infection and the possibility of knowing more about these agents, considering that some were recently described; therefore, their detection in older samples can provide more data about their ancestry.
The effect of layers of high tunnel covering and soil mulching on tomato fruit quality
Authors: Odediran Augustina , Yu Jianmei , Gu Sanjun
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

High tunnels (HT) and plastic mulch can increase yield, extend growing seasons, protect plants from harsh weather conditions, and produce more marketable and attractive tomatoes. However, plastic covering reduces solar radiation, which may affect the quality of tomatoes. This study investigated the effects of single‐layer versus double‐layer HT and plastic mulch versus bare soil on the quality of fully ripe tomato fruits. The study was conducted over 2 years (2021 and 2022). The fruit color (L*, a*, and b*), vitamin C, pH, total titratable acid (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), and lycopene content of the two tomato cultivars (Brandywine and Rebelski) were quantified.

RESULTS

The results showed that quality parameters varied with the plastic layers of HT, plastic mulch, and planting year. The double‐layer HT only showed a slight but significant influence on the color of tomatoes of both cultivars in the same year (P < 0.05). Brandywine tomatoes grown in the double‐layer HT had significantly lower pH and lycopene content than those grown in single‐layer HT, regardless of mulching. The effect of plastic layers on TTA, TSS, and lycopene depended on whether the soil was mulched. Tomatoes grown on bare soil had higher TTA and TSS values than those grown on mulched soil in double‐layer HT. Tomatoes grown in single‐layer HTs had significantly higher vitamin C content than those in the double‐layer HT for both cultivars regardless of mulching.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that double‐layer HT is unnecessary for the improvement of the overall quality of tomatoes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Outcome Comparison of Functional Laryngectomy for the Dysfunctional Larynx to Salvage Laryngectomy
Authors: Coviello Caitlin M. , Sheehan Cameron , Hernandez David J. , Liou N. Eddie , Sandulache Vlad C. , Haskins Angela D. , Sturgis Erich M. , Huang Andrew T.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To compare functional outcomes of total laryngectomy (TL) with microvascular free tissue transfer (MVFTT) reconstruction in the treatment of dysfunctional larynx (DL) versus salvage therapy for locally recurrent disease in patients with a history of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods

Retrospective review from a tertiary medical center between August 2015 and August 2022.

Results

Sixty‐nine patients underwent TL with MVFTT following primary laryngeal radiation or chemoradiation; 15 (22%) patients underwent functional laryngectomy (FL) and 54 (78%) underwent a salvage laryngectomy (SL). There were no total flap failures. Four (6%) patients developed a pharyngocutaneous fistula; one (7%) FL patient and 3 (6%) in the SL cohort. There was no significant difference in average hospital length of stay (LOS) between the cohorts (8.6 ± 3.0 days vs. 12.8 ± 10.1 days, p = 0.12). All patients (100%) in the FL cohort achieved a total oral diet compared to 41 (76%) in the SL cohort (p = 0.03). Two (13%) and 10 (19%) patients developed pharyngoesophageal stenosis in the FL and SL cohorts, respectively (p = 1.0). Nine (60%) and 23 (43%) patients in the FL and SL cohorts underwent tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) placement, with 89% and 91% achieving fluency, respectively (p = 0.23).

Conclusion

Although the role of TL for the definitive treatment of laryngeal SCC has decreased over the past 30 years, organ‐preservation protocols can impact speech, swallowing, and airway protection with life‐threatening consequences. The use of elective FL with MVFTT for the treatment of DL results in similar or better functional outcomes compared to SL for recurrent disease.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:222–227, 2024
Quasilinear Schrödinger equations with unbounded or decaying potentials in dimension 2
Authors: de Carvalho Gilson M. , Clemente Rodrigo G. , de Albuquerque José Carlos
Published: June 2023

We establish the existence of nontrivial solutions for the following class of quasilinear Schrödinger equations:
where κ is a positive parameter, and are continuous functions that can be singular at the origin, unbounded or vanishing at infinity, and the nonlinearity has critical exponential growth motivated by the Trudinger–Moser inequality. To prove our main result, we apply variational methods together with careful ‐estimates.
Hölder's inequality and its reverse—A probabilistic point of view
Authors: Frühwirth Lorenz , Prochno Joscha
Published: June 2023

In this article, we take a probabilistic look at Hölder's inequality, considering the ratio of terms in the classical Hölder inequality for random vectors in . We prove a central limit theorem for this ratio, which then allows us to reverse the inequality up to a multiplicative constant with high probability. The models of randomness include the uniform distribution on balls and spheres. We also provide a Berry–Esseen–type result and prove a large and a moderate deviation principle for the suitably normalized Hölder ratio.
Nerve transfer reversal to treat co‐contraction after anatomic brachial plexus reconstruction and Oberlin transfer: A case report
Authors: Laengle Gregor , Gohritz Andreas , Maierhofer Udo , Sturma Agnes , Boesendorfer Anna , Gstoettner Clemens , Platzgummer Hannes , Aszmann Oskar
Published: June 2023

Distal nerve transfers to restore elbow flexion have become standard of care in brachial plexus reconstruction. The purpose of this report is to draw attention to intractable co‐contraction as a rare but significant adverse event of distal nerve transfers. Here we report of treatment of a disabling co‐contraction of the brachialis muscle and wrist/finger flexors after median to brachialis fascicular transfer in a 61‐year‐old male patient. The primary injury was an postganglionic lesion of roots C5/C6 and a preganglionic injury of C7/C8 with intact root Th1 after a motor bicycle accident. After upper brachial plexus reconstruction (C5/C6 to suprascapular nerve and superior trunk) active mobility in the shoulder joint (supraspinatus, deltoid) could be restored. However, due to lacking motor recovery of elbow flexion the patient underwent additional median to brachialis nerve transfer. Shortly after, active elbow flexion commenced with rapid recovery to M4 at 9 months postoperatively. However, despite intensive EMG triggered physiotherapy the patient could not dissociate hand from elbow function and was debilitated by this iatrogenic co‐contraction. After preoperative ultrasound‐guided block resulted in preserved biceps function, the previously transferred median nerve fascicle was reversed. This was done by dissecting the previous nerve transfer of the median nerve fascicle to the brachialis muscle branch and adapting the fascicles to their original nerve. Postoperatively, the patient was followed up for 10 months without a complication and maintained M4 elbow flexion with independent strong finger flexion. Distal nerve transfers are an excellent option to restore function, however, in some patients cognitive limitations may prevent cortical reorganization and lead to disturbing co‐contractions.
An S‐band wide beam miniaturized omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna
Authors: Ren Yuhui , Li Xudong , Bai Yanping , Wu Handong
Published: June 2023

A wide beam miniaturized broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna operating at S‐band is proposed. It is composed of a hub‐shaped circular horizontally polarized radiator, a vertically polarized radiator consisting of a monopole and eight shorting‐circuited pins, and a coupling feed device. The measured results indicate that the impedance matching band of |S11| < −10 dB is from 2.15 to 2.75 GHz (24.4%), and the band of the axial ratio <3 dB is from 2.2 to 2.7 GHz (20.4%). The gain of the antenna is about 1 dB, and the noncircularity in the azimuth plane is <1.2 dB. In addition, the antenna has the characteristics of wide axis ratio beam in the pitch plane with sizes of 0.68 λ0 × 0.68 λ0 × 0.14 λ0. The antenna is very suitable for satellite receiving system and short‐range wireless communication system.
Deep learning‐assisted model‐based off‐resonance correction for non‐Cartesian SWI
Authors: Daval‐Frérot Guillaume , Massire Aurélien , Mailhé Boris , Nadar Mariappan , Bapst Blanche , Luciani Alain , Vignaud Alexandre , Ciuciu Philippe
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Patient‐induced inhomogeneities in the static magnetic field cause distortions and blurring (off‐resonance artifacts) during acquisitions with long readouts such as in SWI. Conventional versatile correction methods based on extended Fourier models are too slow for clinical practice in computationally demanding cases such as 3D high‐resolution non‐Cartesian multi‐coil acquisitions.

Theory

Most reconstruction methods can be accelerated when performing off‐resonance correction by reducing the number of iterations, compressed coils, and correction components. Recent state‐of‐the‐art unrolled deep learning architectures could help but are generally not adapted to corrupted measurements as they rely on the standard Fourier operator in the data consistency term. The combination of correction models and neural networks is therefore necessary to reduce reconstruction times.

Methods

Hybrid pipelines using UNets were trained stack‐by‐stack over 99 SWI 3D SPARKLING 20‐fold accelerated acquisitions at 0.6 mm isotropic resolution using different off‐resonance correction methods. Target images were obtained using slow model‐based corrections based on self‐estimated field maps. The proposed strategies, tested over 11 volumes, are compared to model‐only and network‐only pipelines.

Results

The proposed hybrid pipelines achieved scores competing with two to three times slower baseline methods, and neural networks were observed to contribute both as pre‐conditioner and through inter‐iteration memory by allowing more degrees of freedom over the model design.

Conclusion

A combination of model‐based and network‐based off‐resonance correction was proposed to significantly accelerate conventional methods. Different promising synergies were observed between acceleration factors (iterations, coils, correction) and model/network that could be expanded in the future.
B1 mapping using pre‐learned subspaces for quantitative brain imaging
Authors: Zhang Tianxiao , Zhao Yibo , Jin Wen , Li Yudu , Guo Rong , Ke Ziwen , Luo Jie , Li Yao , Liang Zhi‐Pei
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To develop a machine learning‐based method for estimation of both transmitter and receiver B1 fields desired for correction of the B1 inhomogeneity effects in quantitative brain imaging.

Theory and Methods

A subspace model‐based machine learning method was proposed for estimation of B1t and B1r fields. Probabilistic subspace models were used to capture scan‐dependent variations in the B1 fields; the subspace basis and coefficient distributions were learned from pre‐scanned training data. Estimation of the B1 fields for new experimental data was achieved by solving a linear optimization problem with prior distribution constraints. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method for B1 inhomogeneity correction in quantitative brain imaging scenarios, including T1 and proton density (PD) mapping from variable‐flip‐angle spoiled gradient‐echo (SPGR) data as well as neurometabolic mapping from MRSI data, using phantom, healthy subject and brain tumor patient data.

Results

In both phantom and healthy subject data, the proposed method produced high‐quality B1 maps. B1 correction on SPGR data using the estimated B1 maps produced significantly improved T1 and PD maps. In brain tumor patients, the proposed method produced more accurate and robust B1 estimation and correction results than conventional methods. The B1 maps were also applied to MRSI data from tumor patients and produced improved neurometabolite maps, with better separation between pathological and normal tissues.

Conclusion

This work presents a novel method to estimate B1 variations using probabilistic subspace models and machine learning. The proposed method may make correction of B1 inhomogeneity effects more robust in practical applications.
Probing muscle recovery following downhill running using precise mapping ofMRI T2relaxation times
Authors: Holodov Maria , Markus Irit , Solomon Chen , Shahar Shimon , Blumenfeld‐Katzir Tamar , Gepner Yftach , Ben‐Eliezer Noam
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Postexercise recovery rate is a vital component of designing personalized training protocols and rehabilitation plans. Tracking exercise‐induced muscle damage and recovery requires sensitive tools that can probe the muscles' state and composition noninvasively.

Methods

Twenty‐four physically active males completed a running protocol consisting of a 60‐min downhill run on a treadmill at −10% incline and 65% of maximal heart rate. Quantitative mapping of MRI T2was performed using the echo‐modulation‐curve algorithm before exercise, and at two time points: 1 h and 48 h after exercise.

Results

T2values increased by 2%–4% following exercise in the primary mover muscles and exhibited further elevation of 1% after 48 h. For the antagonist muscles, T2values increased only at the 48‐h time point (2%–3%). Statistically significant decrease in the SD of T2values was found following exercise for all tested muscles after 1 h (16%–21%), indicating a short‐term decrease in the heterogeneity of the muscle tissue.

Conclusion

MRI T2relaxation time constitutes a useful quantitative marker for microstructural muscle damage, enabling region‐specific identification for short‐term and long‐term systemic processes, and sensitive assessment of muscle recovery following exercise‐induced muscle damage. The variability in T2changes across different muscle groups can be attributed to their different role during downhill running, with immediate T2elevation occurring in primary movers, followed by delayed elevation in both primary and antagonist muscle groups, presumably due to secondary damage caused by systemic processes.
Always on alert: How relatives of family members with dementia experience the transition from home to permanent nursing home placement
Authors: Bjørge Heidi , Halvorsrud Liv , Goyal Alka Rani
Published: June 2023

Aim

Our aim was to gain insight into how the relatives of family members with dementia have experienced their family members' transition from home to permanent nursing home placement.

Design

Our research was a qualitative case study.

Methods

Inspired by Kvale and Brinkmann's phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach, we performed the thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews describing how the relatives of family members with dementia have experienced the dementia trajectory.

Results

Twelve relatives of family members with dementia living in nursing homes agreed to participate. The descriptions of relatives' experiences indicated four primary themes: mismatches between healthcare services and the family members' needs, witnessing the family members' cognitive decline, the effects of the experiences on the relatives' health and well‐being and what matters to the relatives during their family members' transition to nursing home. Mismatches between available resources in the municipalities and the family members' healthcare needs were the most distressing experiences, along with the family members' gradual cognitive decline. In response, the relatives stressed individualized support, continuity in follow‐up care and regular information‐sharing between them and staff members caring for their family members. They also highlighted the importance of facilitating seamless transitions from home to nursing homes.