bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolated Congenital Middle Ear Malformations: Comparison of Preoperative High-Resolution CT and Surgical Findings
Authors: Zhang Na , Li Yi , Ma Xiaobo , Wang Danni , Li Shuling , Yan Fei , Zhao Shouqin
Published: October 2019

Objectives:

To compare preoperative temporal bone high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) readings to intraoperative findings during exploratory tympanotomy for suspected cases of isolated congenital middle ear malformations (CMEMs) and summarize the malformations that can and cannot be diagnosed with HRCT.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted. All cases were confirmed as isolated CMEMs during surgery. Detailed clinical records were reviewed, with a focus on imaging and surgical findings.

Results:

One hundred and thirty-two patients and 145 ears were reviewed. Ninety cases (62.1%) could be identified as isolated CMEMs and at least one as middle ear anomaly using preoperative HRCT. Fifty-five cases (37.9%) were reported to be completely normal and the patients underwent exploratory tympanotomy to determine the final diagnosis. Stapes fixation, either alone or associated with other ossicular chain anomalies, contributed to 53.1% of the cases. Most cases of aplasia or dysplasia of the ossicular chain, for example, aplasia/dysplasia of the long process of the incus, aplasia of the stapes’ superstructure, and atresia of the oval window were easily identified in preoperative HRCT. However, fixation of the ossicular chain can be elusive in HRCT, and exploratory tympanotomy is needed for a definitive diagnosis.

Conclusions:

HRCT provides helpful preoperative clinical information in CMEM and may obviate the need for middle ear exploration in some cases. The negative findings (anomalies that are difficult to identify through preoperative HRCT) and the positive findings (anomalies that are relatively easy to identify through preoperative HRCT) were summarized.
Detection of Pepsin in Oral Secretions of Infants with and without Laryngomalacia
Authors: Klimara Miles J. , Samuels Tina L. , Johnston Nikki , Chun Robert H. , McCormick Michael E.
Published: October 2019

Objectives:

Laryngomalacia is a common cause of stridor in infants and is associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Although pepsin in operative supraglottic lavage specimens is associated with severe laryngomalacia, detection of pepsin in oral secretions has not been demonstrated in an outpatient setting.

Methods:

Children <2 years old with laryngomalacia diagnosed by flexible laryngoscopy and children without stridor were selected. Oral secretion samples were obtained in clinic from all subjects. Pepsin, IL-1β, and IL-8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine presence of LPR.

Results:

Sixteen laryngomalacia and sixteen controls were enrolled. Pepsin was detected more frequently in oral secretions of patients with laryngomalacia (13/16) than in controls (2/16; P < .001). Four patients with laryngomalacia developed symptoms requiring supraglottoplasty. Presence and level of salivary pepsin was not significantly associated with need for surgical management, nor were the levels or presence of IL-1β or IL-8 significantly associated with presence or level of pepsin, diagnosis of laryngomalacia, or need for operative management.

Conclusion:

Pepsin in saliva appears to be associated with laryngomalacia, suggesting a role for salivary pepsin as a noninvasive marker of LPR in patients with laryngomalacia. Future studies will determine the utility of this test in laryngomalacia.
The White Racial Affect Scale (WRAS): A Measure of White Guilt, Shame, and Negation
Authors: Grzanka Patrick R. , Frantell Keri A. , Fassinger Ruth E.
Published: October 2019

The construct White guilt is typically motivated by the recognition of unearned and unfair racial privileges, the acknowledgement of personal racist attitudes or behavior, and/or the sense of responsibility for others’ racist attitudes or behavior. Empirical and conceptual work suggests mixed consequences of White guilt: it may correspond with antiracist attitudes and behavior, but it may also motivate defensiveness and disengagement. We addressed weaknesses in existing psychometric tools used to measure White guilt by synthesizing approaches from the literature on White racial emotions and self-conscious affect, and by attempting to distinguish between White guilt and shame. The results of Study 1 yielded a three-factor structure of White Guilt, Negation, and White Shame, and provided initial support for construct validity. In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis provided mixed support for a three-factor structure. In Study 3, our results suggest test-retest reliability over two weeks.
Holding on to let go: Identity work in discontinuous and involuntary career transitions
Authors: Kulkarni Mukta
Published: October 2019

This study examined the identity work processes of severely disabled soldiers who faced discontinuous and involuntary career transitions. As these individuals engaged in rehabilitation and vocational training at a military-affiliated facility, their identity transitions were not marked by deletions of past identity elements or reference groups. Instead, their transitions involved collectively and contextually edited imaginations of the future that allowed for continuity of their foundational self-narratives. The findings extend past research by identifying why the forging of continuity is generative during certain identity transitions. The findings also show that when similar others contribute to the script of one’s identity narrative within a familiar liminal context, maintaining a semblance of the status quo is construed as change.
Emotional expression at work: The effects of strategically expressing anger and positive emotions in the context of ongoing relationships
Authors: Peralta Carlos Ferreira , Saldanha Maria Francisca , Lopes Paulo N
Published: October 2019

Can anger expressions be functional in the context of ongoing relationships at work – and if so, how and when? Drawing on insights from the dual threshold model and on the emotions-as-social-information theory, we develop and test the theoretical proposition that the strategic expression of both anger and positive emotions in the context of ongoing relationships at work yields benefits for individuals. Across four field studies and using multi-wave and multi-source data, we found that, when paired with the strategic expression of positive emotions, strategically expressing anger enhanced both peer- and self-perceptions of cooperation, which in turn contributed to ratings of work effectiveness. The results highlight the importance of studying patterns of strategic emotional expression involving more than one emotion and advance current knowledge of how, when, and why it is beneficial to express anger at work. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Invoking ‘Hindu’ Ayurveda: Communalisation of the late colonial Ayurvedic discourse
Authors: Rai Saurav Kumar
Published: October 2019

The late nineteenth and early twentieth century in India witnessed a tremendous growth of vernacular Ayurvedic tracts, journals, pamphlets and public polemics. Incidentally, the consequent Ayurvedic discourse was not merely about the medical aspects of the Ayurvedic healing system. Rather, a careful reading of these published materials on Ayurveda throws immense light on the ongoing debates about sociocultural and religious processes. Interestingly, the social culture manifested by the early twentieth century Ayurvedic discourse was highly communalist, casteist, and gender-and class-biased in its content. In this regard, the present article explores how, in the era of communal polarisation, healing systems acquired religious identities. For example, from the 1920s onwards the cause of Ayurveda was promulgated by many vaids (Ayurvedic practitioners) and publicists by linking it with the broader agenda of ‘Hindu’ revivalism and the consolidation of a ‘Hindu’ religious, cultural and national identity. That is why issues like ‘Hindi prachar’, ‘cow protection’ and the cause of ‘Hindu education’ often formed the subject of vaid campaigns throughout North India. Related to this was the demonisation of ‘Muslim rule’ in India from the apparent perspective of health in the Ayurvedic discourse of the time. Simultaneously, this article argues that this communalisation of the Ayurvedic discourse, besides creating external religious boundaries, also unleashed hegemonic upper-caste and -class ideas that served to homogenise the community internally as well.
Powers of Attorney and ‘Lack of Capacity’ under the Mental Capacity Act 2005: A Narrowing of the s 44 Offence? R v Kurtz [2018] EWCA Crim 2743
Authors: Taggart John
Published: October 2019

The Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 2005 marked a turning point in the statutory rights of people who may lack capacity. The legislation sought to place the individual at the centre of decision-making and was viewed as having the potential to give people a voice and an opportunity to be heard. Section 44 of the legislation introduced a criminal offence of ‘ill treatment or neglect’ of a person who lacks capacity. The maximum sentence of five years’ imprisonment (or a fine or both) was intended to underly the seriousness of the offence, especially considering the vulnerability of potential victims. Interpreting s 44 has, however, proved a real challenge and the courts have acknowledged the difficulties which its drafting presents. The recent Court of Appeal (COA) decision in R v Kurtz is illustrative of the kind of issue that the statute has generated. The court was tasked with deciding whether proving a lack of capacity on the part of the victim is required when the donee of a power of attorney is charged with the offence under s 44(1)(b). This article considers Kurtz within the context of the MCA 2005 and notes three related COA decisions. It examines what impact Kurtz may have on future prosecutions brought under s 44(1)(b) and considers the future of the s 44 criminal charge more generally.
Oral Cancer: Integration of Studies for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Precision
Authors: D’Silva N.J. , Gutkind J.S.
Published: October 2019

Head and neck cancers are among the 10 most common cancers in the world and include cancers of the oral cavity, hypopharynx, larynx, nasopharynx, and oropharynx. At least 90% of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). This summary discusses the integration of clinical and mechanistic studies in achieving diagnostic and therapeutic precision in the context of oral cancer. Specifically, based on recent mechanistic studies, a subsequent study reevaluated current diagnostic criteria of perineural invasion in patients with oral cavity SCC showing that overall survival could be associated with nerve-tumor distance; validation of the findings of this study from a small group of patients could lead to a personalized approach to treatment selection in patients with oral cavity SCC. Moreover, delineation of key pathways in SCC revealed novel treatment targets that can be exploited to develop personalized treatment strategies to achieve long-term remission.
Effects of Schema-Based Instruction on Immediate, Generalized, and Combined Structured Word Problems
Authors: Peltier Corey , Sinclair Tracy E. , Pulos Joshua M. , Suk Andrea
Published: October 2019

Instruction targeting the underlying math problem structure is identified as an evidence-based practice for students with a specific learning disability (SLD). Furthermore, schema-based instruction is identified as a potentially evidence-based practice for students with a SLD. This study extended prior work by (a) using a teacher as the implementer, (b) evaluating the efficacy of an adaptable intervention, and (c) evaluating student performance on generalized and combined schema structure problems. The participants included 12 fourth- and fifth-grade students with a disability and receiving supplemental mathematics instruction in a resource room setting. The intervention package consisted of a problem-solving mnemonic and schema-based instruction for mathematics. A multiple-probe design across participant groups was used to establish a functional relation. Students improved performance on word problems representing simple, generalized, and combined schema structures. The aggregated Tau-U effect size (ES) for this study was 95% (CI90 [83%, 100%]) and the aggregated between-case standardized mean difference (BC-SMD) was 3.05 (CI95 [2.54, 3.60]).
Homiletical possibilities and challenges in Colossians
Authors: Sigmon Casey Thornburgh
Published: October 2019

Colossians shines a light onto how some early churches on the margins of society adjusted to everyday life in the midst of a non-Christian society. Engaging baptismal liturgy and hymnody, the Colossian authors instruct Christians in the Lycus Valley (western Turkey) to beware of philosophies and ascetic practices competing for their devotion. According to Colossians, the baptized are now living a new life in Christ, the head of the Church and cosmos. New fruit is visible evidence to the outside world of the cosmic reconciliation that occurred through the cross of Jesus Christ. As dramatic as the shift in cosmic order may seem in the first chapters of the letter, however, the latter half creates a challenge for the preacher. The authors seem to accommodate the radical new life in Christ to the wider Greco-Roman culture, resulting in a diminished role for women in the church and an acceptance of the slave–master dichotomy. Both accommodations in Colossians haunt our legacy as Christ’s Body in the world today.
Servant and steward of the mystery: Colossians 1:26–27; 2:2; 4:3
Authors: May David M.
Published: October 2019

Paul’s role as servant-steward of the mystery of God was to reveal the object of that mystery, which was Christ. God’s mystery was that Christ’s life, death, and resurrection reshaped and transformed a person’s understanding of history and the future. The mystery also meant the inclusion of gentiles into the community of faith, the suffering of Paul when the proclamation of the mystery was made known, and the presence of Christ in believers, even now.
Analysis of pressure-bearing performance and optimization of structural parameters of the slip in a compression packer
Authors: Tang Yang , Sun Peng , Wang Guorong , Li Wang
Published: October 2019

In drilling and completion operations, a packer is a downhole tool to seal the annular space between various sizes of string and borehole. As a key component of packer, slip plays a role of fixed support in the process of setting, thus ensuring a long-term stable sealing of the packer. Aiming at the problem of damage caused by casing pressure on the slip after setting, based on the stress analysis of slip during setting, the slip material with hardness lower than casing was selected, and its finite element analysis model was established. Then, the pressure-bearing law of the slip teeth under three tooth parameters was analyzed. The results of analysis were as follows. With the increase of the number of slips or the distance between teeth or tooth top angle, the strain of slips decreased, but the bending moment of slips increased. At the same time, orthogonal test method was used to optimize the parameters of the slips. The conclusion is that the tooth top angle is 90 degrees, the distance between teeth is 6 mm and the number of teeth is 16, which is the best combination of compressive effect. It will provide a reference for improving the long-term effectiveness of the packer seal in drilling and completion engineering.
A cutter path generation strategy for helical surface machining of screw rotor
Authors: Kuang Yuchun , Lin Wei , Dong Zongzheng , Wu Longmei , Wang Qin
Published: October 2019

In this article, the disk mill cutter path generation strategy for the machining of complex helical surface via a currently developed minimal orientation-distance algorithm based on spatial discretization method is studied. The strategy proposed here is, first, to establish the helical surface and cutting surface in the unique coordinate system. Then, the two surfaces are divided into a series of parts by n equidistant planes, and the minimal orientation-distance algorithm is used to determine all the cutter locations. Finally, on the basis of Archimedes helical interpolation, cutter path is generated within the specified tolerance limit. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is confirmed numerically and experimentally by a case of virtual cutting test in VERICUT software and actual machining. This strategy can be applied to a broad range of helical surface machining.
Robust controller design for a three-shaft industrial gas turbine in the infinite grid power generation
Authors: Mehrpanahi Abdollah , Arbabtafti Mohammadreza , Payganeh Gholamhassan
Published: October 2019

Due to the sensitivity of gas turbines’ power generation in Iran, robustness is considered as a crucial matter and the controllers play an essential role in this objective. The common controllers used in gas turbines are usually based on standard performance. Whereas, robust controllers demonstrate acceptable performance in the presence of adverse factors such as uncertainties, disturbances, and input step changes. In this study, dynamic structures and various robust control design scenarios for an MGT-30 three-shaft gas turbine have proposed. Input-output matrices have been presented based on the dynamic model structures, and a standard robust controller structure has been used to design and present transfer matrices. Four scenarios have been considered in the robust control design according to the number of control variables, uncertainties, and disturbance effects, evolutionally, respectively. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] methods were used in the controller design when presenting the results of using the existing PID controller. The results show that with the increase and develop in parameters influencing the production of the actual system behavior and the controller responses improve noticeably. Finally, the fourth scenario was proposed as a scenario with more desirable robustness features than other scenarios, which provide a complete array of robust controllers.
Fault estimation based on observer for chaotic Lorenz system with bifurcation problem
Authors: Shams Zahra , Shahmansoorian Aref
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the simultaneous estimation of the process and sensor fault of a chaotic Lorenz system in a noisy environment is investigated. The problem of the process fault leads to the occurrence of a bifurcation in the Lorenz system. The purpose of this article is to combine the concept of fault and bifurcation. Fault diagnosis of nonlinear systems becomes more practicable when it is managed over Takagi-Sugeno (TS) approximated fuzzy models. TS fuzzy model unknown input observer can estimate faults and states. In this respect, a TS fuzzy model augmented by a proportional plus integral, for fault modeling observer (FO) is lined up for the estimation of the unmeasured signal. The simulation conclusions hint that the observer runs well in estimating process fault, states, and sensor fault. Using these estimates, the deviation value of a parameter is determined from its actual value, which is the same as the low amount of deviation in this article because the bifurcation occurs in the system. In the first part of the simulation, the process fault occurs and drives system behavior into chaos, and the bifurcation diagram uses to explain it. In the second part, the system is influenced by actuator fault. The conclusion is validated through extensive simulations.
Are You a Good Friend? Assessing Social Relationship Competence Using Situational Judgments
Authors: Persich Michelle R. , Krishnakumar Sukumarakurup , Robinson Michael D.
Published: October 2019

Individual differences in social relationship competence (SRC) should have significant implications for social relationship success and well-being. Ability-based measures of SRC are scarce, though, particularly in social-personality psychology, and these considerations led to the present research. In specific terms, a situation judgment method was used to create and examine the correlates of a scenario-based assessment of SRC termed the Social Relationship Competence–Ability Measure (SRC-AM). Four studies (total N = 994) were conducted. Study 1 used item-total correlations and factor analyses to select scenarios from a larger pool. Studies 2 and 3 then showed that the SRC-AM predicted outcomes consistent with social relationship success (Study 2) as well as psychological well-being (Study 3). Study 4, finally, linked SRC levels to peer ratings of social competence and popularity. The research highlights a class of social inferences and abilities that possess novel implications for social relationship success.
Statisticians as Back-office Policy-makers: Counting Asylum-Seekers and Refugees in Europe
Authors: Ustek-Spilda Funda
Published: October 2019

Street-level bureaucracy literature ascertains that policies get made not only in the offices of legislatures or politicians but through the discretion bureaucrats employ in their day-to-day interactions with citizens in government agencies. The discretion bureaucrats use to grant access to public benefits or impose sanctions adds up to what the public ultimately experience as the government and its policies. This perspective, however, overlooks policy-making that gets done in the back offices of government, where there might not be direct interaction with citizens. Furthermore, it treats discretion as inherently anthropogenic and ignores that it is exercised in relation to sociotechnical arrangements of which bureaucrats are a part. In this paper, based on extensive ethnography at national statistical institutes and international statistical meetings across Europe, I make two arguments. The first is that, statisticians emerge as back-office policy-makers as they are compelled to take multiple methodological decisions when operationalizing abstract statistical guidelines and definitions, thus effectively making rather than merely implementing policies. This is the “discretion” they employ, even when they may not interact with citizens. The second argument is that the exercise of discretion is sociotechnical, that is, it happens in relation to the constraints and affordances of technologies and the decisions of other bureaucrats in their institutions and others.
The retrospective pretest–posttest design redux: On its validity as an alternative to traditional pretest–posttest measurement
Authors: Little Todd D. , Chang Rong , Gorrall Britt K. , Waggenspack Luke , Fukuda Eriko , Allen Patricia J. , Noam Gil G.
Published: October 2019

We revisit the merits of the retrospective pretest–posttest (RPP) design for repeated-measures research. The underutilized RPP method asks respondents to rate survey items twice during the same posttest measurement occasion from two specific frames of reference: “now” and “then.” Individuals first report their current attitudes or beliefs following a given intervention, and next they are prompted to think back to a specific time prior to the given intervention and rate the item again retrospectively. The design addresses many of the validity concerns that plague the traditional pretest–posttest design. Particularly when measuring noncognitive constructs, the RPP design allows participants to gauge the degree of change that they experience with greater awareness and precision than a traditional approach. We review the undesirable features of traditional designs and highlight the benefits of the retrospective approach. We offer examples from two recent, original studies and conclude with the recommendation that the RPP design be employed more broadly. We also conclude with a discussion of important directions for future examination of this design.
Spousal Dementia Caregiving to Widowhood: Perceptions of Older Urban and Rural Widows
Authors: Saunders Mitzi M. , Groh Carla J.
Published: October 2019

Older widows might experience poor health outcomes following their spousal dementia caregiving experience. Widows from rural areas with fewer resources may have worse health outcomes. Serial, qualitative interviews were conducted at baseline, 6-months and 12-months with 13 urban and nine rural older widows who cared for husbands with dementia. Perceptions of caregiving, widowhood, and resources were examined. Major themes were 24/7 Care, Watch the Man Go Down, Build a Network, Spiritual Support, No Regrets/Some Regrets, Time for Me Now, Loneliness, and Keep Reaching In. Compared to urban widows, rural widows had fewer emotional and tangible resources. All widows desired more support during spousal dementia caregiving and in their transition to widowhood. Nurses need to continue to support the transition from spousal dementia caregiving to widowhood and to test interventions unique to meeting the needs of urban and rural older women.
Effects of a Class-Wide Positive Peer Reporting Intervention on Middle School Student Behavior
Authors: Chaffee Ruth K. , Briesch Amy M. , Volpe Robert J. , Johnson Austin H. , Dudley Laura
Published: October 2019

Class-wide behavioral interventions are a feasible and effective method to support the behavior of all students. In six peer-reviewed studies, Tootling, a class-wide intervention that combines positive peer reporting with an interdependent group contingency, has increased positive peer reports and academically engaged behavior (AEB), and decreased disruptive behavior (DB). However, no prior studies have been conducted with middle school students, and none have employed strategies to promote enduring behavior change. A withdrawal design with maintenance phase, implemented across two middle school classrooms, found moderate effects (nonoverlap of all pairs [NAP] = 0.74, Tau-U = −0.48) of Tootling on decreasing DB and moderate to large effects (NAP = 0.76, Tau-U = 0.68) on increasing AEB, although internal threats to validity prevented the demonstration of a clear functional relationship across both classrooms. Results from the maintenance phase, in which the group contingency reward was removed, suggest promising strategies to support durable behavioral change. Limitations of the present study, directions for future research, social validity, and implications for practice are discussed.
Learning method preferences in a steel drum classroom: Exploring a learner-centered pedagogy through composition, peer teaching, and student-led Modern Band projects in a middle school setting
Authors: Guzzetta Christine A.
Published: October 2019

This action research discovers the learning preferences of middle school students enrolled in an advanced steel drum class in central Florida, specifically their attitudes toward the learner-centered approach while composing and learning music. Sixteen participants compare the traditional teacher-led formal instruction to student-led informal learning across three projects: composition, peer teaching, and student-led small group with the introduction of Modern Band instruments. Students are given creative freedom to choose their own friendship groups, instruments, and songs. Ease, enjoyment, and success rates are measured through questionnaires, video recording, field notes, and interviews. Student preferences toward teacher-directed and peer-directed learning change throughout the study, from student-led learning to teacher-led instruction as the tasks become more difficult. In addition, preferred learning techniques of the steel drum are found to be reading notation, listening to the music, and demonstrating how to play the instrument through kinesthetic means. Music teachers can successfully implement a more learner-centered classroom by planning lessons that are in line with student ability and background knowledge, while incrementally increasing challenges.
Effects of Personalized Risk Information on Patients Referred for Lung Cancer Screening with Low-Dose CT
Authors: Han Paul K. J. , Lary Christine , Black Adam , Gutheil Caitlin , Mandeville Hayley , Yahwak Jason , Fukunaga Mayuko
Published: October 2019

Background. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer is a preference-sensitive intervention that should ideally be individualized according to patients’ likelihood of benefit and personal values. Personalized cancer risk information (PCRI) may facilitate this goal, but its effects are unknown. Objective. To evaluate the effects of providing PCRI to patients referred for LDCT screening. Design. Mixed-methods, pre-post study using surveys administered to patients before and after provision of PCRI—calculated by the PLCOm2012 risk prediction model—in shared decision-making consultations, and postvisit qualitative interviews. Setting. Centralized specialty-based LDCT screening program at a tertiary care hospital. Participants. Convenience sample of eligible patients referred for LDCT screening. Measurements. Pre- and postvisit surveys assessed patients’ 1) perceived lung cancer risk, 2) uncertainty about their risk, 3) minimum risk threshold for wanting screening, 4) interest in LDCT screening, and 5) interest in smoking cessation. Qualitative interviews explored patients’ perceptions of the value of PCRI. Screening uptake was assessed by chart review. Results. Sixty of 70 (86%) patients received PCRI and completed pre-post surveys, and 17 patients (28%) completed qualitative interviews. Perceived lung cancer risk decreased from 52% previsit to 31% postvisit ( P < 0.0001). However, patients’ minimum risk thresholds for screening decreased, their screening interest increased, and all patients completed screening. Qualitative interviews corroborated these effects, suggesting that patients discount and interpret PCRI according to preexisting beliefs and attitudes. Limitations. The study population was a relatively small, single-institution sample of patients referred for screening. Conclusions. Personalized cancer risk information decreases cancer risk perceptions of patients referred for LDCT screening, but has complex effects on screening-related judgments and decisions. The value of PCRI for patients considering LDCT screening requires further investigation.
Is triple-positive serology for Epstein-Barr virus (VCA-IgG, VCA-IgM, EBNA-IgG) a specific feature of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma?
Authors: Facchinelli Davide , Parisi Alice , Krampera Mauro , Veneri Dino
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

We assessed the frequency of triple-positive serology (viral capsid antigen [VCA]–immunoglobulin G [IgG], VCA–immunoglobulin M, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen–IgG) for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a small number of patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) at disease onset.

Methods:

Nine patients with newly diagnosed AITL were retrospectively enrolled in the present study. For all of them, EBV serology data were available.

Results:

Of 9 patients, 7 (77.7%) had a triple-positive serology (VCA-IgG, VCA-IgM, EBNA-IgG ) for EBV. These patients were characterized by bone marrow involvement, high incidence of thrombocytopenia, and poor prognosis according to Revised International Prognostic Index and Prognostic Index for Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma scores.

Conclusion:

Assessment of both viremia and serology for EBV could be useful in patients with clinical and laboratory data suggesting lymphoma diagnosis; furthermore, although our data need to be validated in a larger cohort of patients, triple positivity for EBV serology might help to direct the diagnosis toward AITL.
A PRISMA review of collective flow experiences in music contexts
Authors: Tay Kenneth , Tan Leonard , Goh Wilson
Published: October 2019

This PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) review examines collective flow experiences in music contexts. Articles ( N = 598) were searched using a publicly available scholarly literature search engine and critically evaluated for inclusion. The result of 20 articles matching the search criteria reveals a scarcity of theoretical and empirical studies that examine collective flow in music contexts. Our meta-analysis indicated that collective flow is an emergent phenomenon and the available studies reiterate the importance of (1) subsuming of individual goals to the collective level, such that “I” becomes “we”; (2) coalescing of individual skills to meet collective challenges; and (3) coordination of the contributions of individuals to a coherent collective performance. The work of R. Keith Sawyer, in particular, was the most salient and frequently cited among scholars studying collective flow in music contexts. We hope that this review provides the groundwork for further research, and for scholars to further examine the prerequisites, characteristics, and benefits of collective flow as experienced by musicians through collaborative musical activities.
Staff Reports of Bullying and Intervention Strategies in Croatian Care and Correctional Institutions for Youth
Authors: Sekol Ivana , Farrington David P.
Published: October 2019

This study compares staff reports of bullying among institutionalized youth with residents’ own self-reported prevalence of bullying and victimization collected in the previous study (the Self-Report Study on Bullying in Croatian Residential Care [SSBCRC]) and staff reports of reduction strategies are compared with evidence-based proposed policy solutions arising from residents’ reports. The study also compares reduction strategies used by staff with evidence-based proposed policy solutions arising from residents’ reports arising from the SSBCRC. A total of 140 staff from 20 Croatian youth facilities completed an anonymous questionnaire. The results revealed that staff estimates of the prevalence of bullying and victimization were significantly lower than resident reports. Staff were better aware of the prevalence of certain types of bullying, but they held stereotypical views of bullies and victims and had difficulties in recognizing the true times and places of bullying. Staff described their anti-bullying policies as being predominantly reactive, rather than proactive and evidence-based. It is concluded that more effort needs to be made to change the current anti-bullying policies used by staff.
Sharing a Vision, Sharing Practices: How Communities of Educators Improve Teaching
Authors: Windschitl Mark , Thompson Jessica , Braaten Melissa , Stroupe David
Published: October 2019

In this article, we summarize more than a decade of work on high-leverage practices being used in the context of science teacher preparation. We describe the challenges and insights that ultimately resulted in more robust practices, a diversified suite of tools to support these practices, expanded knowledge of our own teacher education pedagogies, and stronger bonds between our preparation program and its local network of K-12 schools. The special education community has now formulated an ambitious practice-based vision for professional preparation, and advocates will find our narratives to be a mix of cautionary tales and cause for optimism.
School–University Partnerships: One Institution’s Efforts to Integrate and Support Teacher Use of High-Leverage Practices
Authors: Maheady Lawrence J. , Patti Angela L. , Rafferty Lisa A. , del Prado Hill Pixita
Published: October 2019

School–university partnerships have served as possible solutions for many contemporary educational challenges. As centers for clinical practice, they are potential vehicles for the development and refinement of candidate use of high-leverage practices (HLPs). This article describes our institution’s efforts to utilize our framework for clinically rich preparation to infuse HLPs into programming for undergraduate, dual-certification majors (i.e., general and special education). With the goal of program revision, general and special education faculty mutually agreed on a draft set of HLPs, which were finalized based on extensive feedback from school partners. To assess the viability of these collaboratively crafted HLPs, a subset of HLPs were identified and integrated into course content and clinical experiences during a pilot project. We highlight these learning experiences; discuss organizational, pedagogical, and empirical challenges; and offer general recommendations for next steps.
Making Sharing Work: Migrant Community Groups and Informal/Formal Work
Authors: Farrugia Claire
Published: October 2019

Migrant and refugee communities are at the forefront of highly feminised and precarious community sector work. Facing insecure labour contracts and contingent, competitive funding for activities, these communities routinely move between paid and unpaid work. Drawing on multi-sited and participatory ethnographic research and 30 semi-structured interviews with women of different African backgrounds living and working in western Sydney, this article explores the relationship between collective sharing practices and life as precarious workers. The sharing of material resources, information and support takes place beyond designated ‘workplaces’ and on a continuum of activity that moves between the formal and informal, public and private, productive and socially reproductive. This article uses a practice-based approach to foreground the social world of working migrant women. In doing so, it sheds light on the hidden, precarious work of an increasingly marketised community sector and the everyday and emergent ways that marginalised communities respond to precarious work under neoliberalism.
Being Perfect: A Lutheran Perspective on Moral Formation
Authors: McFarland Ian A.
Published: October 2019

Jennifer Herdt argues that Luther’s account of human ethical action implies an absolute passivity before God that both leads to psychological paralysis and fails to appreciate the non-competitive nature of the relationship between divine and human agency. This article argues that neither accusation can be sustained. Not only does Luther’s work lack any evidence of the paralysis Herdt ascribes to him, but Luther’s understanding of the relationship between divine and human action reflects a more theologically persuasive understanding of the distinct modes by which God relates to human beings in creation and redemption than does Herdt’s nature-grace framework. The passivity of the human agent in Luther simply reflects the communicative situation in which Christian moral agency follows on hearing of the gospel, resulting in a model of moral formation in which the focus is on the good of the neighbour rather than one’s own ethical qualities.
State estimation and damping control for unmanned ground vehicles with semi-active suspension system
Authors: Wang Taipeng , Chen Sizhong , Ren Hongbin , Zhao Yuzhuang
Published: October 2019

The new type of transportation based on intelligent driverless vehicles will bring great changes to people’s travel modes and put forward higher requirements for the ride comfortability of vehicles. This paper presents a new observing algorithm to estimate the suspension states in real time and cooperate with sliding mode controller to improve the ride comfortability. First, the nonlinear model of an air suspension system equipped with a continuously controllable damper is described in detail. Then, this nonlinear suspension model is linearized precisely based on the differential geometry theory; a linear Kalman filter observer is implemented for this linearized model; through the coordinate reverse transformation, the designed linear observer is transformed into a nonlinear one, which will be suitable for the original nonlinear system, so that, the proposed state observer can estimate all the states of the nonlinear quarter car suspension system. Then, in this nonlinear suspension system, a model reference sliding mode controller is designed to continuously control the damping force to improve the ride comfortability. Finally, the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed feedback linearization Kalman observer is illustrated by comparing with a traditional extended Kalman filter observer. The simulation research shows that the proposed feedback linearization observer enjoys a better estimation accuracy, higher operation efficiency, and greater control performance while cooperating with the sliding mode controller in ride comfortability control.
Experimental study of a honeycomb energy-absorbing device for high-speed trains
Authors: Li Benhuai , Lu Zhaijun , Yan Kaibo , Lu Sisi , Kong Lingxiang , Xu Ping
Published: October 2019

Aluminium honeycomb is a light weight, thin-walled material with a typical multi-cellular construction and a good strength-to-weight ratio. Therefore, aluminium honeycomb can be used as an energy-absorbing device for high-speed trains. Due to its large mass and high operating speed, a high-speed train can generate large impact energy. Thus, an energy-absorbing device with a greater energy absorption capability must be designed for high-speed trains. To reduce the aerodynamic drag, the cross-sectional area of a high-speed train is limited. Therefore, a honeycomb energy-absorbing device should be designed in such a way that it is longer than the traditional energy-absorbing devices; however, this may lead to bending, destruction and uncontrollable deformation of the honeycomb; these factors are not conducive for energy absorption. In this paper, a sleeve structure was designed for high-speed trains, and a crash experiment of the energy-absorbing structure showed that the bending and destruction of the honeycomb energy-absorbing device are effectively suppressed compared with the ordinary honeycomb energy-absorbing structure. Moreover, the fluctuation of the crash force was smaller and the crash force is more stable than the traditional thin-walled energy-absorbing structure. Therefore, the deformation instability problem of the ordinary honeycomb energy-absorbing structure and the crash force fluctuation problem of the traditional thin-walled energy-absorbing structure can be solved. Then, a crash experiment and simulation involving a high-speed train with improved honeycomb energy-absorbing device was carried out, and the results showed that the deformation of the end of the train body was stable and controllable, and the train body deceleration satisfied the collision standard EN15227.
Multi-objective economic emission dispatch of thermal power plants based on grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Chen Shiyi , Chen Wei , Soomro Ahsanullah , Luo Lijuan , Xiang Wenguo
Published: October 2019

In this paper, mathematical models for a synthesized evaluation were established according to grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process. The models were used to select a power dispatch scheme considering hierarchies of material consumption, electrical efficiency, exergy efficiency, and environmental benefit. Four unit dispatch schemes, i.e., proportional fair allocation dispatch, conventional economic dispatch, economic emission dispatch, and economic emission dispatch with varied weights were investigated and compared. Analytic hierarchy process decision-making approach has been employed to find the optimal Pareto solution as the best tradeoff between cost and pollutant emission. The model indicated that the economic emission dispatch was preferred as the best option and could further reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emission, followed by the economic emission dispatch with varied weights. The assessment performed serves decision makers a valuable reference for policy making in the power dispatch sector.
Moral distress in acute psychiatric nursing: Multifaceted dilemmas and demands
Authors: Jansen Trine-Lise , Hem Marit Helene , Dambolt Lars Johan , Hanssen Ingrid
Published: October 2019

Background

In this article, the sources and features of moral distress as experienced by acute psychiatric care nurses are explored.

Research design

A qualitative design with 16 individual in-depth interviews was chosen. Braun and Clarke’s six analytic phases were used.

Ethical considerations

Approval was obtained from the Norwegian Social Science Data Services. Participation was confidential and voluntary.

Findings

Based on findings, a somewhat wider definition of moral distress is introduced where nurses experiencing being morally constrained, facing moral dilemmas or moral doubt are included. Coercive administration of medicines, coercion that might be avoided and resistance to the use of coercion are all morally stressful situations. Insufficient resources, mentally poorer patients and quicker discharges lead to superficial treatment. Few staff on evening shifts/weekends make nurses worry when follow-up of the most ill patients, often suicidal, in need of seclusion or with heightened risk of violence, must be done by untrained personnel. Provision of good care when exposed to violence is morally challenging. Feelings of inadequacy, being squeezed between ideals and clinical reality, and failing the patients create moral distress. Moral distress causes bad conscience and feelings of guilt, frustration, anger, sadness, inadequacy, mental tiredness, emotional numbness and being fragmented. Others feel emotionally ‘flat’, cold and empty, and develop high blood pressure and problems sleeping. Even so, some nurses find that moral stress hones their ethical awareness.

Conclusion

Moral distress in acute psychiatric care may be caused by multiple reasons and cause a variety of reactions. Multifaceted ethical dilemmas, incompatible demands and proximity to patients’ suffering make nurses exposed to moral distress. Moral distress may lead to reduced quality care, which again may lead to bad conscience and cause moral distress. It is particularly problematic if moral distress results in nurses distancing and disconnecting themselves from the patients and their inner selves.
Groupthink, Qualitative Comparative Analysis, and the 1989 Tiananmen Square Disaster
Authors: Lee Tony C.
Published: October 2019

The article has two primary objectives: first, to elucidate why qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) stands out as a superior method for the study of groupthink, and second, to demonstrate the extent to which the Chinese leadership in 1989 fell prey to groupthink, resulting in ineffective decision-making that caused nationwide upheaval. While evidencing the causal connection between groupthink and the leadership group’s ineffective crisis management, the study nevertheless confirms the growing consensus that the groupthink model is over-specified. Accordingly, the article offers a revised model as a way to improve the groupthink theoretic constructs.
The Vicious Cycle of Work Life: Work Effort Versus Career Development Effort
Authors: Kim Kyoung Yong , Atwater Leanne , Jolly Phillip M. , Kim Myungsun , Baik Kibok
Published: October 2019

Although much progress has been made toward establishing gender equality in organizations, women remain underrepresented in upper management positions. This study examines why women might be less likely than men to be promoted, even in organizations with high gender equality climates. Using a large sample of managers in South Korea, we hypothesized and found that women and men used different strategies regarding how to direct their effort to achieve promotions. Women with high self-efficacy under high gender equality climate focused on increasing work effort, whereas men in similar situations focused on increasing career development effort. We also found that only career development effort was positively related to promotion, whereas work effort was positively related to work stress and turnover intentions, and negatively associated with job satisfaction. Our results suggest that different effort strategies lead women to become caught in a vicious cycle of working hard and earning only unpleasant consequences.