bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
España en el orto de los estudios internacionales durante el período de entreguerras
Authors: Domínguez Castro Luis , Rodríguez Lago José Ramón
Published: October 2024

Los estudios internacionales, como disciplina académica singular, surgen en el período de entreguerras. El idealismo liberal será el principio ideológico básico y Estados Unidos, Gran Bretaña y Francia los países de referencia, con sus respectivas redes de financiación e institucionalización. El objetivo que se persigue en este trabajo es analizar el papel jugado por los españoles, tanto los procedentes de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza como los de matriz católica, en el inicio de los estudios internacionales. La documentación de los archivos de la UNESCO y de la Fundación Rockefeller permite seguir la constitución de las diferentes entidades dedicadas a ello en España y la proyección exterior, a través del Instituto de Derecho Internacional y de la Conferencia de Altos Estudios Internacionales (CAEI). El resultado muestra que España alcanzó una posición relevante en ambos organismos, reconocida en mayo de 1936 con la celebración en Madrid de la IX CAEI, al tiempo que acogía en el recién fundado Instituto de Estudios Internacionales y Económicos a prominentes refugiados alemanes como Hans Morgenthau o Gerhart Niemeyer. La guerra civil española cercenó, bruscamente, la creciente influencia obtenida.
Applications of Mechatronics in Textiles and Clothing Industries
Authors: Angelova Radostina A. , Sofronova Daniela
Published: October 2024

This article focuses on the transformative potential of mechatronics in up-to-date textiles and clothing industries, with a special focus on its implications for automation, efficiency in production, and product quality. Supported in the mechatronic systems by the sensors and control elements, precise textile production with almost no defects and an improved uniformity property is achieved. To adapt to it, mechatronics makes design changes easily and quickly, to quickly satisfy consumers' spending. Furthermore, mechatronics reduces costs and waste while saving resources in hand with enhancing fabric inspection with new sensor technology. The chapter underscores four key applications—intelligent textile systems, automated manufacturing, smart clothing and wearables, testing and analysis of textiles and clothing—supported by relevant examples from authors' studies.
SMS/Texting as a Viable Intervention Strategy to Improve Care for Persons Living With HIV in the United States
Authors: Suarez Brittany , Ravelo Natalia , Mpanu Mpanu Rachel , Akinyemiju Isabelle , Goldsmith Beverly , Sanchez-Covarrubias Alex P. , Gheith Noor K. , Montgomerie Emily , Galli Johnny H. , Villar-Loubet Olga M. , Duthely Lunthita M.
Published: October 2024

Effective management of people living with HIV/AIDS is influenced by adherence to both medical appointments, as well as adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Successful adherence to both components has been linked to viral load suppression in affected patients, leading to a better quality of life. Recent studies have utilized mobile health (mHealth) interventions to promote adherence. These interventions include SMS/texting, as well as mobile applications that have been developed specifically for the purposes of promoting adherence. Using a scoping literature review the authors investigated the effect of mobile health (mHealth) interventions delivered via SMS/text on HIV viral load suppression, adherence to medication regimen and to medical appointments. The authors employed a scoping review methodology. A bibliographic librarian guided the data search. Studies were limited to interventions conducted in the United States. A total of 16 studies met the criteria and were included in the scoping literature review.
Public Engagement and Participation in Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Goel Neha , Yadav Akansha
Published: October 2024

Climate change is an issue with fundamental implications for societies and individuals. These implications range from our everyday choices about resource use and lifestyles, through how we adjust to an unprecedented rate of environmental change, to our role in debating and enacting accompanying social transitions. This article outlines the various ways in which members of society (‘public's) may be engaged in efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and then provides a synthesis of lessons about public engagement which span both theoretical and practical insights. These include the diverse drivers of, and barriers to, engagement; the importance of multiple forms of engagement and messages; and a critical needs to evaluate and identify successful examples of engagement. Public engagement is a critical component in building a collective public mandate for climate policy. It brings with it the opportunity to create a better, fairer and more inclusive society in which individuals and communities are actively involved in shaping the policies and decisions that affect them.
Could Social Media Be a Means to Combat Mental Health Stigma?
Authors: Cheng Warren
Published: October 2024

Although social media have become a dominant force within today's internet landscape, much is still unknown about its effects on mental health literacy. This article summarizes the results of a survey study investigating social media usage. Social media usage was correlated with participant's views on mental health, social media's role in mental health, and the capability of our current healthcare system to deal with mental health issues and stigma. Through Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis of the results, the authors have found a variety of significant relationships indicative of the positive relationship between social media usage and mental health literacy.
Approximate Transition Prediction for the ONERA 7AD Rotor in Forward Flight using a Structured and Unstructured U/RANS solver
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Heister Christoph
Published: October 2024

The simulation capabilities of the URANS solvers TAU and FLOWer of DLR have been extended in order to predict the laminar-turbulent transition onset on helicopter rotors. Therefore an approximate method for rotor blade transition prediction (RBT code) has been developed and coupled to the URANS solvers. The RBT code computes laminar boundary layer quantities based on a combined integral/Pohlhausen method. Transition is empirically predicted respecting Tollmien-Schlichting waves, laminar separation bubbles, crossflow, bypass instabilities and attachment line transition. To study the effects of blade-wake/vortex-interactions on the laminar boundary layer stability, the turbulence level of the rotor wake is taken into account for transition prediction. Test computations for two laminar flow airfoils reproduced the transition onset due to longitudinal and crossflow instabilities in close agreement to the experiment. For a helicopter rotor in forward flight, laminar-turbulent simulations were successfully demonstrated for both URANS flow solvers. A broad spectrum of different boundary layer instabilities could be identified at the blades. The predicted laminar flow at the rotor blades reduced the required rotor power by -4.5% at high speed forward flight compared to a fully turbulent simulation. The rotor thrust remained practically unaffected. The results were in good agreement between both URANS flow simulations and the experimental data.
Next Generation Smart Crashworthy Crew Seats
Authors:   The Boeing Company, Bolukbasi Akif
Published: October 2024

The next generation smart crashworthy crew seats will need to include design features that provide an enhanced level of crash safety while reducing the crew discomfort during long military missions. This paper presents the results from the Active Crash Protection Systems Enhancements II Program jointly funded by the U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate - Aviation Applied Technology Directorate (ADD-AATD) and The Boeing Company under a Technology Investment Agreement. During this program a prototype crew seat design concept with actively-controlled seat energy absorbers was developed and integrated with an aircraft active crash protection system. The actively-controlled seat energy absorber technology developed enables automatic adjustment of the stroking load of the energy absorbers based on the occupant weight, available seat stroke, and the predicted crash impact conditions in order to provide an increased level of crash safety to the crew. The paper also includes results and recommendations from a crew seat ergonomic design study conducted to reduce crew discomfort during long missions.
Emulation of Whirl Flutter on a Stable Helicopter Using Trailing Edge Flaps
Authors:   University of Stuttgart, Rath Tobias , Richter Tobias , Steinwandel Alexander , Fichter Walter
Published: October 2024

Rotor-structure-coupling is a major concern within the development of helicopters as it can lead to unstable oscillations in the coupled rotor-fuselage system. Apart from the well-understood phenomena air- and ground-resonance, a type of rotor-structure-coupling similar to whirl flutter came into focus recently. High frequency whirl flutter of this kind is favored by high unsteady aerodynamic loads and the low stiffness in light-weight upper deck structures. This fact increases the likelihood of occurrence of high frequency whirl flutter for modern helicopters as the demand for performance enhancement and light-weight structures constantly grows. The emulation of this phenomenon using active control on a full scale helicopter offers great opportunities for the studying the whirl flutter phenomenon itself as well as countermeasures for stabilization. To this end the emulation of whirl flutter on a combined rotor-fuselage model of a non-serial BK117 demonstrator is investigated. State feedback control is used to destabilize a suitable eigenmode of the combined rotor-fuselage system. In order to ensure the whirl flutter characteristics of the destabilized eigenmode, an eigenstructure assignment method after Moore is used for the controller design. The success of the emulation is validated by modal analysis as well as simulation of the closed loop system. Finally, as a first step of evaluating the applicability of this control concept for a real helicopter, the influence of control command limitation on closed loop operation is investigated.
Helicopter Main Rotor Hub Load Alleviation Using a Variable Incidence Horizontal Stabilizer
Authors:   Delft University of Technology, Voskuijl Mark , Verhagen Mario
Published: October 2024

A new technique to reduce the main rotor hub forces and moments at high speed maneuvers is proposed. The main working principle is a mechanical gearing ratio that distributes pitch commands from the (auto)pilot over main rotor cyclic pitch and the horizontal stabilizer incidence angle. The optimal gearing ratio is determined by the weighted pseudo inverse method. The system is analyzed with a nonlinear simulation model of the UH-60A Black Hawk helicopter. Results demonstrate that the main rotor shaft bending moment can be reduced by more than 50% for high speed pitch maneuvers whilst maintaining almost identical handling qualities as compared to the conventional method of control. All other hub forces and moments are also reduced significantly. The method also works effectively in off-design conditions. A safety analysis indicates that the system is safe for three failure cases considered. In the evaluation of the proposed system, a new handling qualities metric called flight path bandwidth is proposed.
Robust Partial Authority Model Predictive Control in Degraded Visual Environments
Authors:   Barron Associates Inc., Cooper Jared ,   Systems Technology Inc., Thompson Peter , Schulze Chase , Klyde David
Published: October 2024

This paper describes the development and analysis of a partial authority Receding Horizon Optimal (RHO) controller to improve rotorcraft handling qualities in Degraded Visual Environments. Following guidelines embodied in the military rotorcraft specifications manual ADS-33E-PRF, an attitude-command attitude-hold (ACAH) response type controller is implemented in the pitch and roll axes, rate-command direction-hold (RCDH) in the yaw axis, and rate-command height-hold (RCHH) in the vertical axis. To demonstrate the controller's performance, simulation studies using an EH-60L rotorcraft are conducted for a number of maneuvers and Mission Task Elements. The maneuvers are performed with nominal and slung-load vehicle configurations to exemplify the robustness of the controller. A mathematical pilot model is included in the simulation framework which allows for preliminary pilot workload assessment and pilot-induced-oscillations analysis. Pilot workload and input power are evaluated with a novel technique using scalograms, a wavelet-based metric. The advantages of increasing the control authority setting are also considered. The baseline configuration is a 10% partial authority automatic flight control system. With this setting, investigations are performed to stress the system to assess when undesirable handling qualities occur. Metrics such as bandwidth, quickness, and agility as defined in ADS-33E-PRF are used with moderate to large amplitude inputs. The objective of this analysis is to quantify when performance and handling qualities break down for a 10% partial authority system. The same metrics and tests are then applied to a 20% partial authority controller for comparison. The results of the new RHO controller are benchmarked with the MCLAWS controller. The results show the efficacy of the RHO formulation and validate its candidacy as a desirable rotorcraft control architecture.
Factors linked to virological failure in people on a dolutegravir-based regimen in Mamelodi
Authors: Mmatsoku Moloko S. , Ngcobo Sanele
Published: October 2024

Background: Since 2019, the World Health Organization has recommended dolutegravir-containing regimens for HIV in low- and middle-income countries because of its high genetic barriers to resistance, lower drug interactions, fewer side effects, higher viral load (VL) suppression rates and cost-effectiveness compared to efavirenz.Objectives: This study investigates factors associated with unsuppressed VLs in people living with HIV on tenofovir-lamivudine and dolutegravir (TLD) in South Africa (SA).Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2023 and February 2024 at Mamelodi Regional Hospital’s Ntshembo Clinic. Participants were people living with HIV aged 18 years and older, more than 6 months on TLD, with either suppressed (≤ 50 copies/mL) or unsuppressed ( 50 copies/mL) VLs.Results: Significant associations were found between unsuppressed VL and factors such as sex, marital status, occupation and education level. Male participants were less likely to achieve VL suppression than female participants (odds ratio: 0.45, p = 0.0007). Poor antiretroviral therapy adherence was linked to higher unsuppressed VL (p  0.05). Newly initiated patients had significantly lower suppression rates (p  0.05). The use of traditional or herbal and religious products was also linked to unsuppressed VL (p  0.05).Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of addressing adherence factors to improve VL suppression rates among people living with HIV on TLD.Contribution: Tailored interventions targeting adherence, especially among newly initiated patients, and addressing the use of traditional or herbal and religious products are warranted to enhance treatment outcomes.
Assessment of Clinical and Functional Outcomes of the Proximal Humerus Internal Locking Compression Plate in Different Neer’s Types of Proximal Humeral Fracture: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Kugashiya Mayur , Pipal Rajendra Kumar , Sojitra Rajkumar P. , Shah Jay Viraj , Pipal Dharmendra Kumar , Yadav Seema
Published: October 2024

Background:

Over the years, various fixation methods have been developed for managing unstable proximal humerus fractures (PHFs), including conservative and surgical approaches like tension band wiring, suture fixation, intramedullary nailing, hemiarthroplasty, fixed-angled locking plates, and proximal humerus internal locking system (PHILOS) plating. Each method claims superior effectiveness as a fixation device.

Aims:

The study evaluated the functional outcome of the PHILOS in different parts of the PHF using the Constant–Murley score (CMS), which measures post-operative pain, daily activity ability, limb range of motion (ROM), and strength.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective observational study of 50 participants aged 16 years and above at Rajasthan Hospitals in Ahmedabad, conducted from July 2020 to July 2022, examined the use of the PHILOS for PHF treatment.

Results:

The results revealed that two-part fractures had a significantly higher mean CMS (72.4 ± 10.8) compared with three-part (60.8 ± 8.1) and four-part (59.3 ± 5.3) fractures. The P value of 0.0003 indicated that the difference in CMS score between two and three or four parts of PHF after fixing them with PHILOS was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that using a locking plate for PHFs consistently leads to positive clinical and functional outcomes, including improved CMS, daily living activities, and ROM.
Total intravenous anesthesia using midazolam and dexmedetomidine as substitutes for propofol in a pediatric patient with egg allergy and a family history of malignant hyperthermia
Authors: Inoue Masashi , Morita Masato
Published: October 2024

To avoid inhalational anesthetics, total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is required in patients with a predisposition to malignant hyperthermia (MH). However, propofol, which is frequently used, may be avoided in patients with egg allergies because of the contraindications in the drug information. Furthermore, some patients may not consent to the use of propofol. We report a case of TIVA using midazolam and dexmedetomidine as substitutes for propofol in a pediatric patient with egg allergy and a predisposition to MH. A 10-year-old boy was scheduled to undergo perforated drainage of an epidural abscess. He had egg allergy, and his uncle had been diagnosed with MH. He also developed a generalized drug eruption caused by antibiotics. Concerned about allergic reactions, he and his parents did not consent to administrating propofol. The patient’s perioperative course was uneventful. The combination of midazolam and dexmedetomidine may be a useful option as substitutes for propofol.
Diagnostic accuracy of subclavian vein versus inferior vena cava collapsibility index for predicting postinduction hypotension: An observational study
Authors: Chaudhary Gaurav , Mohammed Sadik , Biyani Ghansham , Chhabra Swati , Bhatia Pradeep K. , Kamal Manoj , Kumar Rakesh , Kumari Kamlesh
Published: October 2024

Background:

Hypotension following induction of general anesthesia (GA) is commonly observed. Ultrasound (US) measurement of collapsibility index (CI) of the inferior vena cava (IVC) for predicting postinduction hypotension has been studied. As there is limited data available comparing the diagnostic accuracy of subclavian vein (SCV) versus IVC-CI, we performed this observational study.

Methods:

A total of 132 adult patients scheduled for elective surgery under GA were enrolled. US measurements of three readings of maximum and minimum diameters of SCV and IVC were recorded during both quiet and deep breathing, and the mean of three values was calculated. CI was derived using the formula: (dmax – dmin) × 100/dmax. Subsequently, GA was administered using standard technique, irrespective of the findings of SCV and IVC measurements. The administered drugs and dosage were recorded. Hemodynamic parameters were collected at baseline and then at every minute for the first 20 min. The primary objective was to compare the diagnostic accuracies of SCV-CI and IVC-CI for prediction of postinduction hypotension during quiet breathing. The secondary objectives were to compare the diagnostic accuracies during deep breathing and find the correlation between IVC-CI and SC-CI during quiet and deep breathing, incidence of hypotension, and time required to acquire US images.

Results:

Fifty-seven patients developed postinduction hypotension. During quiet breathing, SCV-CI ≥10% had a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 56% (area under curve [AUC] [95% confidence interval {CI}] of 0.659 [0.56–0.75]; P = 0.002), while IVC-CI ≥34% had a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 59% (AUC [95% CI] of 0.672 [0.58–0.76]; P = 0.001) for prediction of postinduction hypotension. During deep breathing, both SCV-CI and IVC-CI had moderate accuracy (P = 0.001 for both). Pearson’s correlation showed a significant positive correlation between SCV-CI and IVC-CI with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.313 during quiet breathing and 0.379 during deep breathing (P < 0.001). The time required for acquiring US images was significantly less for SCV compared to IVC during both quiet and deep breathing (P < 0.001 for both).

Conclusion:

Both SCV-CI and IVC-CI were found to have good and comparable diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of postinduction hypotension. We also found a significant positive correlation between SCV-CI and IVC-CI. In comparison to IVC, US scanning of SCV took lesser time to acquire the images.
Risk factors and characteristics of intraoperative pressure injuries caused by medical devices and adhesives: A case-control retrospective study
Authors: Altamimi Abdulrhman M. , Mortada Hatan , Alqarni Adel A. , Alsubaie Ali A. , Alsafar Reem J.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Undesirable injuries during the intraoperative period, such as pressure injuries caused by improper positioning, medical devices, or adhesive tapes, can lead to patient harm and decreased satisfaction. This study aims to identify the risk factors of pressure injuries during the intraoperative period and the characteristics of these injuries.

Methods:

A retrospective case-control study was conducted at King Khaled University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from the hospital incident reporting system and electronic medical records for incidents reported from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. Inclusion criteria consisted of all patients with a reported pressure injury, including pressure ulcers, medical adhesive-related skin injuries, or medical device-related pressure injuries, occurring at least once during surgery.

Results:

Among the 113 patients, 57 (50.44%) had intraoperative pressure injuries (cases), while 56 (49.56%) did not (controls). The most common locations for pressure injuries were the lips (33.33%). Most of these injuries were classified as Medical Adhesive-Related Skin Injury (61.40%). Stage 1 injuries were observed in 47 cases (82.46%), while Stage 2 injuries were observed in 10 cases (17.54%). Duration of surgery and device tightness were identified as significant risk factors (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This case-control study identified the duration of surgery and device tightness as significant risk factors for intraoperative pressure injuries. The findings emphasize the importance of implementing evidence-based prevention strategies. Healthcare professionals should prioritize staff education and training, while future research should focus on conducting prospective, multicenter studies and developing risk assessment tools and innovative medical devices.
Anesthetic management of a rare case of mobile vocal cord polyp causing dynamic airway obstruction: A case report
Authors: Choudhary Jaya , Singh Ankita , Chakraborty Saikat
Published: October 2024

We report the anesthetic management of a patient presenting with a mobile vocal cord lesion in combination with restricted mouth opening. Fiber-optic laryngoscopy revealed a highly mobile vocal cord lesion, moving in and out of the vocal cords with respiration. A very small tracheal lumen was visible posteriorly during expiration. ASA difficult airway algorithm was applied, and the patient was successfully intubated awake with a # 5 microlaryngeal tube loaded over a pediatric bronchoscope. We aim to highlight the importance of detailed preoperative evaluation, adopting difficult airway algorithms and utilization of devices, with which we have maximum expertise with some modification as the key to avoid airway-related adverse events in such patients.
Superior thyroid artery injury following foreign body ingestion in an intellectually disabled patient: A case report
Authors: Jims D A Dharun , Soundrarajan Suryanarayanan , RanjithKumar Mekala , Senthilnathan Muthapillai
Published: October 2024

This case report highlights complexities in an intellectually disabled adult who ingested a chicken bone, resulting in a rare complication—superior thyroid artery injury. Presentation, diagnostic challenges, and a multidisciplinary approach are detailed. Initial attempts at esophagoscopy under general anesthesia were hindered by blood coughing, leading to a change of plan. Subsequent findings revealed mucosal edema and continuous bleeding from the site. Challenges in anesthetizing intellectually disabled individuals are emphasized, stressing tailored induction methods. The case concluded with successful embolization but developed neurological complication which was successfully managed showcasing the significance of a collaborative and adaptable approach.
Management of complete heart block detected during labor: A case report
Authors: Hu Lucile , Diz Ferre Jose L. , Jackson Chase , Ikram Jibran , Ayad Sabry
Published: October 2024

Complete heart block in women of childbearing age is rare, and incidental diagnosis during pregnancy is more uncommon. Hence, there remain no well-established guidelines on the management of patients with complete heart block presenting in labor. Here, we present a 26-year-old full-term primigravida, with no known previous cardiac history, in active labor with asymptomatic bradycardia in the 30–40s unresponsive to atropine augmentation. After multidisciplinary consultation, the decision was to proceed with delivery as planned without indication for a temporary pacemaker. The patient successfully delivered a full-term infant via operative vaginal delivery, with an ensuing cardiac workup completed postpartum.
Success rate and outcome of labor epidural among variable levels of residents and practicing anesthesiologists in an academic medical center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Farsi Sara H.
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims:

This study aimed to highlight differences in success rates and patient outcomes during epidural insertion among anesthesia staff, junior trainees, and staff anesthesiologists.

Methods:

We included all women who received a labor epidural between January 1, 2020 and April 30, 2022. The cases were divided into three groups: junior residents, senior residents, and staff anesthesiologists.

Results:

Among 822 cases included in analysis, 92, 240, and 490 catheters were placed by junior residents, senior residents, and staff anesthesiologists, respectively. Although the success rate among junior residents (90.7%) was lower than those of senior residents (97%) and staff anesthesiologists (95.1%), the difference was not significant (P = 0.067). The mean procedural time in minutes was significantly longer in the junior resident’s group (18.1 min) compared to the senior residents (14.18 min) and staff anesthesiologists (14.87 min) (P < 0.001). A significant difference was observed in the number of needle pricks and catheter insertion attempts when comparing the junior residents, senior residents, and staff anesthesiologists’ groups (P < 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, procedural time remained the only predictor of epidural success.

Conclusions:

With the success rate above 90%, junior anesthesia trainees require more time and attempts to insert labor epidurals. It is essential that training programs provide opportunities for anesthesia trainees to become proficient in their epidural insertion techniques prior to clinical practice.
Anesthetic challenges in pediatric robot-assisted surgeries
Authors: Abraham Annet S. , Gupta Sanjay
Published: October 2024

With the advent of minimally invasive surgeries, robot-assisted techniques have gained popularity because they overcome various shortcomings of standard laparoscopic surgeries. Despite the associated costs and limitations among the pediatric population, surgeon comfort due to the ergonomic design, in combination with enhanced three-dimensional high-fidelity imaging and tissue handling, may offer better surgical and postoperative outcomes. However, robotic surgeries require innovations with regard to patient positioning and the overall arrangement of operative equipment and personnel. Anesthesiologists should become well versed with these changes by learning the basic features of robotic surgical systems to offer appropriate anesthetic care and promote patient safety. In this original case report, we present a 3-year-old child posted for robot-assisted left heminephrectomy and excision of the lower megaureter. It provides instructive significance for anesthesia management, especially taking into account the age of the patient and associated concerns.
Implementation and Outcome of Clinical Pharmacist-led Anticoagulation Clinic at Cardiac Center: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alotaibi Meshal Saud , Altebainawi Ali F. , Alharbi Abdulmajeed S. , Alfaraj Lulwa A. , Alenazi Maram A. , Alkhrshawy Fahad F.
Published: October 2024

Context:

Managing patients on anticoagulant therapy, such as warfarin, can be challenging due to various factors. Implementing a specialized care model can be a useful strategy to address this issue. Studies have demonstrated that pharmacist-led anticoagulation therapy leads to improved outcomes.

Aims:

We aimed to assess the anticoagulation quality of warfarin therapy achieved by the implementation of a Clinical Pharmacist-led Anticoagulation Clinic at a cardiac center.

Materials and Methods:

In conjunction with the cardiac center, the hospital’s pharmaceutical care department established a clinic. The anticoagulation quality was evaluated by determining the time in the therapeutic range (TTR), which was calculated using the Rosendaal method. Data were collected from February 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022, in a retrospective manner.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Both descriptive and inferential analyses were performed and are presented as counts, percentages, and means ± standard deviation, as appropriate. A paired t test was used to compare the mean TTR, and the outcomes were logistically regressed against candidate factors. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

A total of 66 patients were eligible for inclusion in the study. The mean TTR was 73.4% ± 21.1%, compared to 46.9% ± 29.5% before clinic implementation. After clinic implementation, the proportion of patients who were able to reach a TTR of ≥70% increased from 28.8% to 60.6%. During clinical pharmacist care, there was one major bleeding event (0.7%/year), nine minor bleeding events (6%/year), and one thromboembolic event (0.7%/year). Age, comorbidities, and warfarin dose were not found to affect the TTR. However, females had a reduced likelihood of a TTR ≥70% (95% confidence interval, 0.11–0.89; P = 0.029).

Conclusions:

A clinical pharmacist-led anticoagulation clinic was implemented successfully, which resulted in positive outcomes in patient care by achieving a good TTR (≥70%) and low warfarin-related adverse events.
A Short term Electricity Load Forecasting for Community Residents Based on Federated Learning and Considering Privacy Protection
Authors: Peng Bo , Zuo Jing , Gong Xianfu , Li Yaodong , Wu Weijie , Li Yixin
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: As the penetration rate of renewable energy increases and patterns of energy demand evolve, fluctuations on both the supply and demand sides of electricity are becoming more pronounced. Consequently, accurate forecasting of community residential electrical loads has become crucial.
OBJECTIVES: Although the widespread adoption of smart meters among residents provides abundant data for model training, strict challenges arise during the training process due to the need for privacy protection and data security.
METHODS: This paper proposes a privacy-preserving community residential short-term electric load forecasting method based on federated learning. Initially, the method applies shared random masking encryption to the sensitive data of community residents, ensuring data privacy while maintaining consistency with the original data after preprocessing. Subsequently, a private data aggregation scheme is established to perform dynamic clustering of the community’s electrical load.
RESULTS: The clustered model then serves as the basis for establishing individual load forecasting models for each category of community residents to predict short-term electrical loads. Finally, an empirical analysis is performed using the electrical load data from 120 households across 6 communities in a city in Southern China.
CONCLUSION: The analysis demonstrates that the proposed method can achieve the prediction of community residential electrical loads without sharing residents’ data, thus verifying the effectiveness of this approach.
Enriques surfaces of non-degeneracy 3
Authors: Martin Gebhard , Mezzedimi Giacomo , Veniani Davide Cesare
Published: October 2024

We classify all non-extendable 3-sequences of half-fibers on Enriques surfaces. If the characteristic is different from 2, we prove in particular that every Enriques surface admits a 4-sequence, which implies that every Enriques surface is the minimal desingularization of an Enriques sextic, and that every Enriques surface is birational to a Castelnuovo quintic.
$\mathrm{BC}_{2}$-Type Multivariable Matrix Functions and Matrix Spherical Functions
Authors: Koelink Erik , Liu Jie
Published: October 2024

Matrix spherical functions associated to the compact symmetric pair

(\mathrm{SU}(m+2), \mathrm{S}(\mathrm{U}(2)\times \mathrm{U}(m)))

,

m\geq 2

, having a reduced root system of type

\mathrm{BC}_{2}

, are studied. We consider an irreducible

K

-representation

(\pi,V)

arising from the

\mathrm{U}(2)

-part of

K

, and the induced representation

\mathrm{Ind}_{K}^{G} \pi

splits multiplicity-free. The corresponding spherical functions, i.e.

\Phi \colon G \to \mathrm{End}(V)

satisfying

\Phi(k_{1}gk_{2})=\pi(k_{1})\Phi(g)\pi(k_{2})

for all

g\in G

,

k_{1},k_{2}\in K

, are studied by examining certain leading terms which involve hypergeometric functions. This is done explicitly using the action of the radial part of the Casimir operator on these functions and their leading terms. To suitably grouped matrix spherical functions we associate two-variable matrix orthogonal polynomials giving a matrix analogue of Koornwinder’s 1970s two-variable orthogonal polynomials, which are Heckman–Opdam polynomials for

\mathrm{BC}_{2}

. In particular, we find explicit orthogonality relations with the matrix polynomials being eigenfunctions to an explicit second-order matrix partial differential operator. The scalar part of the matrix weight is less general than Koornwinder’s weight.
Crossed Product Interpretation of the Double Shuffle Lie Algebra Attached to a Finite Abelian Group
Authors: Yaddaden Khalef
Published: October 2024

Racinet studied a scheme associated with the double shuffle and regularization relations between multiple polylogarithm values at

N

th roots of unity and constructed a group scheme attached to the situation; he also showed it to be the specialization for

G=\mu_{N}

of a group scheme

\operatorname{\mathsf{DMR}}_{0}^{G}

attached to a finite abelian group

G

. Then Enriquez and Furusho proved that

\operatorname{\mathsf{DMR}}_{0}^{G}

can be essentially identified with the stabilizer of a coproduct element arising in Racinet’s theory with respect to the action of a group of automorphisms of a free Lie algebra attached to

G

. We reformulate Racinet’s construction in terms of crossed products. Racinet’s coproduct can then be identified with a coproduct

\widehat{\Delta}^{\mathcal{M}}_{G}

defined on a module

\widehat{\mathcal{M}}_{G}

over an algebra

\widehat{\mathcal{W}}_{G}

, which is equipped with its own coproduct

\widehat{\Delta}^{\mathcal{W}}_{G}

, and the group action on

\widehat{\mathcal{M}}_{G}

extends to a compatible action of

\widehat{\mathcal{W}}_{G}

. We then show that the stabilizer of

\widehat{\Delta}^{\mathcal{M}}_{G}

, hence

\operatorname{\mathsf{DMR}}_{0}^{G}

, is contained in the stabilizer of

\widehat{\Delta}^{\mathcal{W}}_{G}

thus generalizing a result of Enriquez and Furusho [Selecta Math. (N.S.) 29 (2023), article no. 3]. This yields an explicit group scheme containing

\operatorname{\mathsf{DMR}}_{0}^{G}

, which we also express in the Racinet formalism.
A Weighted Version of Saitoh’s Conjecture
Authors: Guan Qi’an , Yuan Zheng
Published: October 2024

In this article, we prove a weighted version of Saitoh’s conjecture. As an application, we prove a weighted version of Saitoh’s conjecture for higher derivatives.
Evaluation of Proximate Composition, Phytochemicals and Selected Mineral Elements Content of Methanol Extract of Acmella radicans (Jacquin) Leaves
Authors: S. Shaayau , Y.Y Salisu , H Ahmed , B Bashir , R.S.U Wasagu
Published: October 2024

There is recently, a growing consumption of Acmella radicans (white spot flower) as food among many communities in northwestern Nigeria, a development which poses the need toevaluate its nutritive and therapeutic properties. This study, therefore, evaluated the proximate composition, phytochemicals and selected mineral elements contents of methanol extracts of leaves of A. radicans plant. The leaves were collected, dried, and extracted using methanol. The resulting extract was subjected to standard procedures for the analyses. The findings indicated that the extract of A. radicans had Ash, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fibre, lipid and moisture contents of 10.28 ± 0.003%, 72.90 ± 0.042%, 3.42 ± 0.013%, 1.32 ±0.003%, 6.99 ± 0.006% and 9.40 ± 0.039%, respectively. The qualitative phytochemicals analysis showed that the extract contain alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins, saponin glycosides, balsam and volatile oils. Anthraquinones were not detected. Quantitative phytoche-mical analysis of the extract revealed the concentrations (in g%) of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins and tannins as 6.44 ± 0.36, 0.46 ± 0.04, 24.56 ± 0.03, 0.42 ± 0.06 and 0.35 ± 0.20, respectively. The results also revealed the presence of mineral elements, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, as 0.002 ±0.003, 0.053 ±0.009, 1280±2.887, 3.94 ± 0.015 and 360± 2.880, respectively. These results suggest that the leaves of A. radicans are rich source of macronutrients, bioactive compounds and mineral elements, and could be used as a potential dietary supplement to address protein-energy deficiencies, as well as fornutraceutical and pharmacological applications.
Estimation of Stature of School Aged Children from Kazaure Emirate Using Percutaneous Humeral Length
Authors: A Gudaji , A.A Ahmed , K.M Yahaya , S.A Aliyu , D. Saad , A.T Idris , A Musa , M.M Maharazu , S Abdulrashid , S.I Maryam , M Mukhtar , A.A Gaya , A.Y Abdullahi , I.F Rabiu , M.H Modibbo
Published: October 2024

Stature has been one the most important factors in the description of the individual characteri-stics for a long time. The aim of this study was to estimate stature using percutaneous humeral length in school children aged 5-12 years from Kazaure emirate. It was a cross-sectional study. All measurements were taken from 863 (432 males and 431 females) primary school pupils aged 5-12 years. The height and humeral length of the participants were measured. Results showed a sexual dimorphism in height where males had higher mean value for height than females (p=0.041). In the general population, right humeral length (RHML) correlated strongly with height and left humeral length (LHML) (r=0.921; r=0.992) respectively at p=0.01. Similarly, leftt humeral length (LHML) correlated strongly with height and right humeral length (RHML) (r=0.920; r=0.992) respectively. Correlation in female population showed a strong positive correlation between RHML and height (r=0.927); LHML and height (r=0.926); LHML and RHML (r=0.993) respectively with statistical significant difference p=0.01. Correlation in male popula- tion showed a strong positive correlation between RHML and height (r=0.916); LHML and height (r=0.915); LHML and RHML (r=0.991) respectively with statistical significant difference p=0.01. A simple linear regression equation that can be used to estimate the stature of this given population using the length of right and left humerus respectively is Height = (3.89) RHML + 23.84, and Height =(4.0) LHML + 23.44. Conclusively, percutaneous humeral length can be a reliable predicting factor for the stature of the studied population.
Effect of Polyploidy Induction in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) through Colchicine Treatment: Implications for inflorescence and flowering
Authors: S.R Babura
Published: October 2024

Lettuce holds significant economic importance as a staple food for a vast portion of the population worldwide. As a leafy vegetable, it is cultivated across various regions. This research aims to investigate the impact of polyploidy induction via colchicine treatment on the inflorescence and flowering traits of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Seed and seedling treatments were administered using five different concentrations of colchicine alongside a control group. Results revealed that lower concentrations of colchicine, particularly 0.1%, showed the most favorable response in lettuce, suggesting its potential utility in breeding programs. Regarding inflorescence and flowering traits, the study found that inflorescence in lettuce exhibited higher values at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.3% colchicine. This suggests that these concentrations may positively influence inflorescence development in lettuce plants. Additionally, inflorescence in Lettuce exhibited higher values at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.3%. The study recommends exercising caution in the use of colchicine for crop improvement endeavors.
Relative efficiency of some chemical fungicides used for the control of rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae B. Cauch) in Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: S Zafar , H. M Musa , A.S Kutama
Published: October 2024

Rice blast is a worldwide problem in rice and is dangerous because of its yield loss potential ranging up to 100% under favorable conditions. The disease is generally considered the most important worldwide disease in all the rice growing regions of the world and has been reported in more than 102 countries across the globe. The aim of this research was to determine the relative efficiency of Five fungicides used for the control of rice blast viz., Z-force (Mancozeb 80% WP), Dress force (Imidacloprid 20%, Metalaxyl-M 20% and Tebuconazole 2%), Seed care (Imidacloprid 10%, Thiram 10% WS), Blast force (Isoprothiolane 40% WP) and Hexacal (50g Hexaconazole per liter) under in-vivo conditions. The experiment was conducted in pots and laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) design with 3 replications, 5 treatments, and a control. During the research, it was observed that low incidence of disease (ID) was recorded in all the five fungicides (treatments) used compared with control pots which recorded the highest percent disease incidence of rice blast disease. This connotes that all five fungicides were effective in the control of rice blast in-vivo.
Survey on the Level of Awareness about Cites and Wild Life Management in Nigeria
Authors: T. D and John , A. A Mukhtar
Published: October 2024

The conservation and sustainable management of wildlife and their habitats are essential for ecological balance and biodiversity preservation. In Nigeria, renowned for its diverse flora and fauna, effective wildlife management practices are imperative. Nigeria became a signatory to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1974 and ratified it in 1975, thereby assuming the responsibility of implementing all relevant provisions within the country. Evaluating the awareness level of CITES and wildlife management in Nigeria is crucial to assess the potential effectiveness of CITES implementation. This assessment was conducted through questionnaires distributed to Critical Stakeholders, employing person-to-person contact. The results indicated a majority of male stakeholders (66.5%), primarily aged between 30-40 years (66%). Notably, the largest percentage of respondents (24.4%) hailed from the Ministry of Environment. The findings underscored a suboptimal level of awareness among Critical Stakeholders, necessitating urgent attention. It is evident that a comprehensive understanding of CITES in Nigeria influences the proper conservation attitude towards wildlife species. Consequently, there is a pressing need for widespread sensitization and Conservation Education (CE) across all levels of governance.
Effect of Salinity on the Development and Emergence of Anopheles Larvae
Authors: N. Nanvyat , H. R Umagye , E. O Otakpa , I. Luka , L. P Mamot , M. J Mahanan , O. N Goselle , G. S Mwansat
Published: October 2024

Mosquitoes are insects in the order Diptera with the two main subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae. Mosquitoes exploit all kinds of lentic habitats for breeding: natural breeding habitats (e.g. ponds, swamps, streams etc.) or artificial breeding habitats (e.g. ditches, pits, construction sites, gutters, tyre tracks, cans etc). Prevailing physicochemical variables in these breeding habitats are essential factors for the survival, development and adult emergence of mosquitoes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of salinity on the emergence and development of Anopheles larvae. Anopheles larvae were collected at Lamingo, in Jos-North Local Government Area (LGA) and physicochemical parameters of the habitats were measured to establish a range for salinity treatments. Larvae were exposed to four salt concentrations (0.125g/ml, 0.25g/ml, 0.375g/ml and 0.5g/ml) to assess the survival, mortality, development of the larvae and emergence of the adult mosquitoes in every of the treatment solutions. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with poison link distribution was used to test the impact of pH, temperature and salinity on the survival, development and emergence of adult mosquitoes. There was no significant influence of salinity on the survival of Anopheles larvae (p>0.05). However, as salinity increases, survival of Anopheles larvae decreases. However, there was a positive significant influence (p<0.05) of salinity on the mortality of Anopheles larvae, showing an increased mortality with increasing salinity levels. Furthermore, it was observed at a salinity concentration of 0.375g/ml, that the rate of larval development and adult emergence was significantly high (p<0.05) compared to the other concentrations. The results of this study suggest further research in this area to harness the possibility of using salinity levels as a mosquito control tool.