bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of apical and basal dendrites to orientation encoding in mouse V1 L2/3 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Park Jiyoung , Papoutsi Athanasia , Ash Ryan T. , Marin Miguel A. , Poirazi Panayiota , Smirnakis Stelios M.
Published: November 2019

Pyramidal neurons integrate synaptic inputs from basal and apical dendrites to generate stimulus-specific responses. It has been proposed that feed-forward inputs to basal dendrites drive a neuron’s stimulus preference, while feedback inputs to apical dendrites sharpen selectivity. However, how a neuron’s dendritic domains relate to its functional selectivity has not been demonstrated experimentally. We performed 2-photon dendritic micro-dissection on layer-2/3 pyramidal neurons in mouse primary visual cortex. We found that removing the apical dendritic tuft did not alter orientation-tuning. Furthermore, orientation-tuning curves were remarkably robust to the removal of basal dendrites: ablation of 2 basal dendrites was needed to cause a small shift in orientation preference, without significantly altering tuning width. Computational modeling corroborated our results and put limits on how orientation preferences among basal dendrites differ in order to reproduce the post-ablation data. In conclusion, neuronal orientation-tuning appears remarkably robust to loss of dendritic input.
Both fallopian tube and ovarian surface epithelium are cells-of-origin for high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Dolgalev Igor , Zhang Tao , Ran Hao , Levine Douglas A. , Neel Benjamin G.
Published: November 2019

The cell-of-origin of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) remains controversial, with fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) and ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) both considered candidates. Here, by using genetically engineered mouse models and organoids, we assessed the tumor-forming properties of FTE and OSE harboring the same oncogenic abnormalities. Combined RB family inactivation and Tp53 mutation in Pax8 + FTE caused Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma (STIC), which metastasized rapidly to the ovarian surface. These events were recapitulated by orthotopic injection of mutant FTE organoids. Engineering the same genetic lesions into Lgr5 + OSE or OSE-derived organoids also caused metastatic HGSOC, although with longer latency and lower penetrance. FTE- and OSE-derived tumors had distinct transcriptomes, and comparative transcriptomics and genomics suggest that human HGSOC arises from both cell types. Finally, FTE- and OSE-derived organoids exhibited differential chemosensitivity. Our results comport with a dualistic origin for HGSOC and suggest that the cell-of-origin might influence therapeutic response.
Ketamine can reduce harmful drinking by pharmacologically rewriting drinking memories
Authors: Das Ravi K. , Gale Grace , Walsh Katie , Hennessy Vanessa E. , Iskandar Georges , Mordecai Luke A. , Brandner Brigitta , Kindt Merel , Curran H. Valerie , Kamboj Sunjeev K.
Published: November 2019

Maladaptive reward memories (MRMs) are involved in the development and maintenance of acquired overconsumption disorders, such as harmful alcohol and drug use. The process of memory reconsolidation - where stored memories become briefly labile upon retrieval - may offer a means to disrupt MRMs and prevent relapse. However, reliable means for pharmacologically weakening MRMs in humans remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine is able to disrupt MRMs in hazardous drinkers when administered immediately after their retrieval. MRM retrieval + ketamine (RET + KET) effectively reduced the reinforcing effects of alcohol and long-term drinking levels, compared to ketamine or retrieval alone. Blood concentrations of ketamine and its metabolites during the critical ‘reconsolidation window’ predicted beneficial changes only following MRM reactivation. Pharmacological reconsolidation interference may provide a means to rapidly rewrite maladaptive memory and should be further pursued in alcohol and drug use disorders.
Flexible and durable wood-based triboelectric nanogenerators for self-powered sensing in athletic big data analytics
Authors: Luo Jianjun , Wang Ziming , Xu Liang , Wang Aurelia Chi , Han Kai , Jiang Tao , Lai Qingsong , Bai Yu , Tang Wei , Fan Feng Ru , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: November 2019

In the new era of internet of things, big data collection and analysis based on widely distributed intelligent sensing technology is particularly important. Here, we report a flexible and durable wood-based triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered sensing in athletic big data analytics. Based on a simple and effective strategy, natural wood can be converted into a high-performance triboelectric material with excellent mechanical properties, such as 7.5-fold enhancement in strength, superior flexibility, wear resistance and processability. The electrical output performance is also enhanced by more than 70% compared with natural wood. A self-powered falling point distribution statistical system and an edge ball judgement system are further developed to provide training guidance and real-time competition assistance for both athletes and referees. This work can not only expand the application area of the self-powered system to smart sport monitoring and assisting, but also promote the development of big data analytics in intelligent sports industry.
On-target restoration of a split T cell-engaging antibody for precision immunotherapy
Authors: Banaszek Agnes , Bumm Thomas G. P. , Nowotny Boris , Geis Maria , Jacob Kim , Wölfl Matthias , Trebing Johannes , Kucka Kirstin , Kouhestani Dina , Gogishvili Tea , Krenz Bastian , Lutz Justina , Rasche Leo , Hönemann Dirk , Neuweiler Hannes , Heiby Julia C. , Bargou Ralf C. , Wajant Harald , Einsele Hermann , Riethmüller Gert , Stuhler Gernot
Published: November 2019

T cell-engaging immunotherapies are changing the landscape of current cancer care. However, suitable target antigens are scarce, restricting these strategies to very few tumor types. Here, we report on a T cell-engaging antibody derivative that comes in two complementary halves and addresses antigen combinations instead of single molecules. Each half, now coined hemibody, contains an antigen-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) fused to either the variable light (VL) or variable heavy (VH) chain domain of an anti-CD3 antibody. When the two hemibodies simultaneously bind their respective antigens on a single cell, they align and reconstitute the original CD3-binding site to engage T cells. Employing preclinical models for aggressive leukemia and breast cancer, we show that by the combinatorial nature of this approach, T lymphocytes exclusively eliminate dual antigen-positive cells while sparing single positive bystanders. This allows for precision targeting of cancers not amenable to current immunotherapies.
Molecular mechanism of a potassium channel gating through activation gate-selectivity filter coupling
Authors: Kopec Wojciech , Rothberg Brad S. , de Groot Bert L.
Published: November 2019

Potassium channels are presumed to have two allosterically coupled gates, the activation gate and the selectivity filter gate, that control channel opening, closing, and inactivation. However, the molecular mechanism of how these gates regulate K+ ion flow through the channel remains poorly understood. An activation process, occurring at the selectivity filter, has been recently proposed for several potassium channels. Here, we use X-ray crystallography and extensive molecular dynamics simulations, to study ion permeation through a potassium channel MthK, for various opening levels of both gates. We find that the channel conductance is controlled at the selectivity filter, whose conformation depends on the activation gate. The crosstalk between the gates is mediated through a collective motion of channel helices, involving hydrophobic contacts between an isoleucine and a conserved threonine in the selectivity filter. We propose a gating model of selectivity filter-activated potassium channels, including pharmacologically relevant two-pore domain (K2P) and big potassium (BK) channels.
Structural insights into the formation and voltage degradation of lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxides
Authors: Hua Weibo , Wang Suning , Knapp Michael , Leake Steven J. , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Richter Carsten , Yavuz Murat , Binder Joachim R. , Grey Clare P. , Ehrenberg Helmut , Indris Sylvio , Schwarz Björn
Published: November 2019

One major challenge in the field of lithium-ion batteries is to understand the degradation mechanism of high-energy lithium- and manganese-rich layered cathode materials. Although they can deliver 30 % excess capacity compared with today’s commercially- used cathodes, the so-called voltage decay has been restricting their practical application. In order to unravel the nature of this phenomenon, we have investigated systematically the structural and compositional dependence of manganese-rich lithium insertion compounds on the lithium content provided during synthesis. Structural, electronic and electrochemical characterizations of LixNi0.2Mn0.6Oy with a wide range of lithium contents (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 1.52, 1.07 ≤ y < 2.4) and an analysis of the complexity in the synthesis pathways of monoclinic-layered Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 oxide provide insight into the underlying processes that cause voltage fading in these cathode materials, i.e. transformation of the lithium-rich layered phase to a lithium-poor spinel phase via an intermediate lithium-containing rock-salt phase with release of lithium/oxygen.
Identification of cancer sex-disparity in the functional integrity of p53 and its X chromosome network
Authors: Haupt Sue , Caramia Franco , Herschtal Alan , Soussi Thierry , Lozano Guillermina , Chen Hu , Liang Han , Speed Terence P. , Haupt Ygal
Published: November 2019

The disproportionately high prevalence of male cancer is poorly understood. We tested for sex-disparity in the functional integrity of the major tumor suppressor p53 in sporadic cancers. Our bioinformatics analyses expose three novel levels of p53 impact on sex-disparity in 12 non-reproductive cancer types. First, TP53 mutation is more frequent in these cancers among US males than females, with poorest survival correlating with its mutation. Second, numerous X-linked genes are associated with p53, including vital genomic regulators. Males are at unique risk from alterations of their single copies of these genes. High expression of X-linked negative regulators of p53 in wild-type TP53 cancers corresponds with reduced survival. Third, females exhibit an exceptional incidence of non-expressed mutations among p53-associated X-linked genes. Our data indicate that poor survival in males is contributed by high frequencies of TP53 mutations and an inability to shield against deregulated X-linked genes that engage in p53 networks.
Targeting mutant p53-expressing tumours with a T cell receptor-like antibody specific for a wild-type antigen
Authors: Low Lionel , Goh Angeline , Koh Joanna , Lim Samantha , Wang Cheng-I
Published: November 2019

Accumulation of mutant p53 proteins is frequently found in a wide range of cancers. While conventional antibodies fail to target intracellular proteins, proteosomal degradation results in the presentation of p53-derived peptides on the tumour cell surface by class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Elevated levels of such p53-derived peptide-MHCs on tumour cells potentially differentiate them from healthy tissues. Here, we report the engineering of an affinity-matured human antibody, P1C1TM, specific for the unmutated p53125-134peptide in complex with the HLA-A24 class I MHC molecule. We show that P1C1TM distinguishes between mutant and wild-type p53 expressing HLA-A24+cells, and mediates antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity of mutant p53 expressing cells in vitro. Furthermore, we show that cytotoxic PNU-159682-P1C1TM drug conjugates specifically inhibit growth of mutant p53 expressing cells in vitro and in vivo. Hence, p53-associated peptide-MHCs are attractive targets for the immunotherapy against mutant p53 expressing tumours.
Neonatal Wnt-dependent Lgr5 positive stem cells are essential for uterine gland development
Authors: Seishima Ryo , Leung Carly , Yada Swathi , Murad Katzrin Bte Ahmed , Tan Liang Thing , Hajamohideen Amin , Tan Si Hui , Itoh Hideki , Murakami Kazuhiro , Ishida Yoshihiro , Nakamizo Satoshi , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Wong Esther , Barker Nick
Published: November 2019

Wnt signaling is critical for directing epithelial gland development within the uterine lining to ensure successful gestation in adults. Wnt-dependent, Lgr5-expressing stem/progenitor cells are essential for the development of glandular epithelia in the intestine and stomach, but their existence in the developing reproductive tract has not been investigated. Here, we employ Lgr5-2A-EGFP/CreERT2/DTR mouse models to identify Lgr5-expressing cells in the developing uterus and to evaluate their stem cell identity and function. Lgr5 is broadly expressed in the uterine epithelium during embryogenesis, but becomes largely restricted to the tips of developing glands after birth. In-vivo lineage tracing/ablation/organoid culture assays identify these gland-resident Lgr5high cells as Wnt-dependent stem cells responsible for uterine gland development. Adjacent Lgr5neg epithelial cells within the neonatal glands function as essential niche components to support the function of Lgr5high stem cells ex-vivo. These findings constitute a major advance in our understanding of uterine development and lay the foundations for investigating potential contributions of Lgr5+ stem/progenitor cells to uterine disorders.
Spatial variance of spring phenology in temperate deciduous forests is constrained by background climatic conditions
Authors: Peaucelle Marc , Janssens Ivan A. , Stocker Benjamin D. , Descals Ferrando Adrià , Fu Yongshuo H. , Molowny-Horas Roberto , Ciais Philippe , Peñuelas Josep
Published: November 2019

Leaf unfolding in temperate forests is driven by spring temperature, but little is known about the spatial variance of that temperature dependency. Here we use in situ leaf unfolding observations for eight deciduous tree species to show that the two factors that control chilling (number of cold days) and heat requirement (growing degree days at leaf unfolding, GDDreq) only explain 30% of the spatial variance of leaf unfolding. Radiation and aridity differences among sites together explain 10% of the spatial variance of leaf unfolding date, and 40% of the variation in GDDreq. Radiation intensity is positively correlated with GDDreq and aridity is negatively correlated with GDDreq spatial variance. These results suggest that leaf unfolding of temperate deciduous trees is adapted to local mean climate, including water and light availability, through altered sensitivity to spring temperature. Such adaptation of heat requirement to background climate would imply that models using constant temperature response are inherently inaccurate at local scale.
Orbitally dominated Rashba-Edelstein effect in noncentrosymmetric antiferromagnets
Authors: Salemi Leandro , Berritta Marco , Nandy Ashis K. , Oppeneer Peter M.
Published: November 2019

Efficient manipulation of magnetic order with electric current pulses is desirable for achieving fast spintronic devices. The Rashba-Edelstein effect, wherein spin polarization is electrically induced in noncentrosymmetric systems, provides a mean to achieve staggered spin-orbit torques. Initially predicted for spin, its orbital counterpart has been disregarded up to now. Here we report a generalized Rashba-Edelstein effect, which generates not only spin polarization but also orbital polarization, which we find to be far from being negligible. We show that the orbital Rashba-Edelstein effect does not require spin-orbit coupling to exist. We present first-principles calculations of the frequency-dependent spin and orbital Rashba-Edelstein tensors for the noncentrosymmetric antiferromagnets CuMnAs and Mn$${}_{2}$$2Au. We show that the electrically induced local magnetization can exhibit Rashba-like or Dresselhaus-like symmetries, depending on the magnetic configuration. We compute sizable induced magnetizations at optical frequencies, which suggest that electric-field driven switching could be achieved at much higher frequencies.
Author Correction: Atomic layer deposited Pt-Ru dual-metal dimers and identifying their active sites for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Lei , Si Rutong , Liu Hanshuo , Chen Ning , Wang Qi , Adair Keegan , Wang Zhiqiang , Chen Jiatang , Song Zhongxin , Li Junjie , Banis Mohammad Norouzi , Li Ruying , Sham Tsun-Kong , Gu Meng , Liu Li-Min , Botton Gianluigi A. , Sun Xueliang
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Multivariate chemometrics as a key tool for prediction of K and Fe in a diverse German agricultural soil-set using EDXRF
Authors: Büchele Dominique , Chao Madlen , Ostermann Markus , Leenen Matthias , Bald Ilko
Published: November 2019

Within the framework of precision agriculture, the determination of various soil properties is moving into focus, especially the demand for sensors suitable for in-situ measurements. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) can be a powerful tool for this purpose. In this study a huge diverse soil set (n = 598) from 12 different study sites in Germany was analysed with EDXRF. First, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify possible similarities among the sample set. Clustering was observed within the four texture classes clay, loam, silt and sand, as clay samples contain high and sandy soils low iron mass fractions. Furthermore, the potential of uni- and multivariate data evaluation with partial least squares regression (PLSR) was assessed for accurate determination of nutrients in German agricultural samples using two calibration sample sets. Potassium and iron were chosen for testing the performance of both models. Prediction of these nutrients in 598 German soil samples with EDXRF was more accurate using PLSR which is confirmed by a better overall averaged deviation and PLSR should therefore be preferred.
Watershed geomorphology modifies the sensitivity of aquatic ecosystem metabolism to temperature
Authors: Jankowski K. J. , Schindler D. E.
Published: November 2019

The regulation of aquatic carbon cycles by temperature is a significant uncertainty in our understanding of how watersheds will respond to climate change. Aquatic ecosystems transport substantial quantities of carbon to the atmosphere and ocean, yet we have limited understanding of how temperature modifies aquatic ecosystem metabolic processes and contributions to carbon cycles at watershed to global scales. We propose that geomorphology controls the distribution and quality of organic material that forms the metabolic base of aquatic ecosystems, thereby controlling the response of aquatic ecosystem metabolism to temperature across landscapes. Across 23 streams and four years during summer baseflow, we estimated variation in the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration (R) among streams draining watersheds with different geomorphic characteristics across a boreal river basin. We found that geomorphic features imposed strong controls on temperature sensitivity; R in streams draining flat watersheds was up to six times more temperature sensitive than streams draining steeper watersheds. Further, our results show that this association between watershed geomorphology and temperature sensitivity of R was linked to the carbon quality of substrates that changed systematically across the geomorphic gradient. This suggests that geomorphology will control how carbon is transported, stored, and incorporated into river food webs as the climate warms.
A new method based on diffusive gradients in thin films for in situ monitoring microcystin-LR in waters
Authors: Yao Lei , Steinman Alan D. , Wan Xiang , Shu Xiubo , Xie Liqiang
Published: November 2019

The passive sampling method of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) was developed to provide a quantitative and time-integrated measurement of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in waters. The DGT method in this study used HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced) material as a binding agent, and methanol as an eluent. The diffusion coefficient of MC-LR was 5.01 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 at 25 °C in 0.45 mm thick diffusion layer. This DGT method had a binding capacity of 4.24 μg per binding gel disk (3.14 cm2), ensuring sufficient capacity to measure MC-LR in most water matrices. The detection limit of HLB DGT was 0.48 ng L−1. DGT coupled to analysis by HPLC appears to be an accurate method for MC-LR monitoring. Comparison of DGT measurements for MC-LR in water and a conventional active sampling method showed little difference. This study demonstrates that HLB-based DGT is a useful tool for in situ monitoring of MC-LR in fresh waters.
First molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in vegetable samples in China using qualitative, quantitative real-time PCR and multilocus genotyping
Authors: Lass Anna , Ma Liqing , Kontogeorgos Ioannis , Zhang Xueyong , Li Xiuping , Karanis Panagiotis
Published: November 2019

Toxoplasma gondii infection is becoming increasing problem in China but there is no data concerning contamination of vegetables intended for consumption with this parasite. The aim of the present study was to investigate fresh vegetables originated from open markets located in the Xining City, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), P.R. China for their contamination with T. gondii. A total of 279 fresh vegetable samples were collected and analysed using real-time PCR assay targeting B1 gene and multilocus genotyping. T. gondii DNA was found in 10 (3.6%) samples tested; eight of them represented T. gondii type I and remaining two T. gondii type II. The approximate level of contamination of positive vegetables samples, estimated based on quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), ranged between less than one and 27000 T. gondii oocysts per sample, with majority not exceeding several oocysts per sample. The results of the study confirmed that T. gondii is present in vegetables offered in open markets in the Qinghai province, P.R. China; eating them unwashed and raw may therefore pose a threat to consumers. This is the first investigation describing T. gondii detection in fresh vegetables intended for consumption collected from the territory of P.R. China using sensitive molecular tools.
Precipitation behaviour during the β → α/ω phase transformation and its effect on the mechanical performance of a Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si alloy
Authors: Xu Tiewei , Zhang Shanshan , Liang Sen , Cui Ning , Cao Lei , Wan Yong
Published: November 2019

The activation energy of the β → α/ω phase transformation increased monotonously with the application of a continuous heating process to a Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si alloy. Precipitation behaviour of the alloy aged at different temperatures were analysed with scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Selected-area diffraction patterns of the ω, ω/α and α phases in the alloy aged at different temperatures indicated that the type of phase transformation was influenced by the precipitation process. Precipitate-free zones in the alloy aged at 450 °C for 8 h were harmful to the mechanical performance. Fine α precipitates with an obvious texture were obtained in the alloy aged at 500 °C. A good combination of tensile properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 1310 MPa and an elongation of 13.5% were obtained due to the expected microstructure and texture of the precipitates that transformed in the specimen when it was aged at 500 °C for 8 h. The size of the precipitates increased with increasing aging temperature. Furthermore, the amount of precipitates and their degree of texture decreased substantially in the alloy aged at 600 °C. The investigation of the tensile properties and fractures also revealed a correlation between the mechanical properties and precipitation behaviour in the Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si alloy aged at different temperatures.
Major Outbreaks in the Nineteenth Century Shaped Grape Phylloxera Contemporary Genetic Structure in Europe
Authors: Tello Javier , Mammerler Roswitha , Čajić Marko , Forneck Astrid
Published: November 2019

Grape phylloxera is native to North America, whereVitisspp. acquired different mechanisms of resistance to leaf and root attack. Its appearance in European vineyards at the beginning of the 1860s, where the phylloxera-susceptible grapevine speciesV. viniferaL. is majorly cultivated, caused the devastation of a great number of vineyards, generating a deep crisis in the European wine production and trade industries. However, the origin and genetic structure of this pest across European vineyards still remain controversial and uncertain. Herein, we analysed the genetic structure of 1173 grape phylloxera individuals collected from 100 locations across eight European countries. Structure and phylogenetic analyses show that contemporary grape phylloxera populations in Europe are the result of at least two independent introductions from the native range that mirrors the historical records that also suggest two major outbreaks in Europe. The comparative analysis with samples from the native range trace back one of these two genetic groups to plants imported from the North East coast of North America, where the American speciesV. ripariaandV. labruscadominate. This study clarifies the level of genetic diversity of grape phylloxera in Europe and provides relevant information to resolve previous controversy about its origin.
Combination effect of lapatinib with foretinib in HER2 and MET co-activated experimental esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hassan Md. Sazzad , Williams Fiona , Awasthi Niranjan , Schwarz Margaret A. , Schwarz Roderich E. , Li Jun , von Holzen Urs
Published: November 2019

Recent studies have demonstrated that HER2 and MET receptor tyrosine kinases are co-overexpressed in a subset esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We therefore studied the usefulness of combining HER2 and MET targeting by small-molecule inhibitors lapatinib and foretinib, respectively, both in in-vitro and in-vivo models of experimental EAC. We characterized MET and HER2 activation in a panel of human EAC cell lines, and the differential susceptibility of these EAC cell lines to single agent or combination of foretinib and lapatinib. We then explored the antitumor efficacy with survival advantage following foretinib and lapatinib monotherapy and in combination in murine subcutaneous xenograft and peritoneal metastatic survival models of human EAC. The OE33 EAC cell line with strong expression of phosphorylated both MET and HER2, demonstrated reduced sensitivity to foretinib and lapatinib when used as a single agent. The co-administration of foretinib and lapatinib effectively inhibited both MET and HER2 phosphorylation, enhanced inhibition of cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth by inducing apoptosis, and significantly enhanced mouse overall survival, overcoming single agent resistance. In the OE19 EAC cell line with mainly HER2 phosphorylation, and the ESO51 EAC cell line with mainly MET phosphorylation, profound cell growth inhibition with induction of apoptosis was observed in response to single agent with lack of enhanced growth inhibition when the two agents were combined. These data suggest that combination therapy with foretinib and lapatinib should be tested as a treatment option for HER2 positive patients with MET-overexpressing EAC, and could be a novel treatment strategy for specific EAC patients.
Complete inclusion of bioactive molecules and particles in polydimethylsiloxane: a straightforward process under mild conditions
Authors: Faccio Greta , Cont Alice , Mailand Erik , Zare-Eelanjegh Elaheh , Innocenti Malini Riccardo , Maniura-Weber Katharina , Rossi René M. , Spano Fabrizio
Published: November 2019

By applying a slow curing process, we show that biomolecules can be incorporated via a simple process as liquid stable phases inside a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The process is carried out under mild conditions with regards to temperature, pH and relative humidity, and is thus suitable for application to biological entities. Fluorescence and enzymatic activity measurements show that the biochemical properties of the proteins and enzyme tested are preserved, without loss due to adsorption at the liquid-polymer interface. Protected from external stimuli by the PDMS matrix, these soft liquid composite materials are new tools of interest for robotics, microfluidics, diagnostics and chemical microreactors.
Author Correction: eHealth tools for the self-testing of visual acuity: a scoping review
Authors: Yeung Wai Kent , Dawes Piers , Pye Annie , Charalambous Anna-Pavlina , Neil Malcolm , Aslam Tariq , Dickinson Christine , Leroi Iracema
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
General criteria for evaluating suitable polymer ligands for the synthesis of aluminum nanocrystals
Authors: Yu Hua , Lu Shaoyong , Gao Huimin , Lu Zhongyuan , Liu Kun
Published: November 2019

This work proposes general criteria for evaluating suitable polymer ligands for shape- and size-controlled synthesis of Al nanocrystals.
De novoformation of citrate-based fluorophores on N-termini of peptides and proteins in cells and tissues
Authors: Jung Dongwook , Choi Dongkil , Sim Changgon , Kim Yumin , Kang Sunyoung , Nam So Hee , Jang Joomyung , Kim Dokyoung , Chang Mee Soo , Park Ji-Ung , Lee Yan
Published: November 2019

Citrate-based fluorophores are generated inde novomanner on proteins in biological samples under mild conditions.
Controllable synthesis of a 3D ZnS@MoO3 heterojunction via a hydrothermal method towards efficient NO purification under visible light
Authors: Guo Ziyang , Huo Wangchen , Cao Tong , Fan Fangzheng , Ge Guangxu , Liu Xiaoying , Chen Ke , Yao Hong-Chang , Dong Fan , Zhang Yuxin
Published: November 2019

Heterojunctions can deliver superior photocatalytic efficiency via modulating the surface-interface reaction, enhancing light absorption and hindering charge carrier recombination.
A systematic study of MOCVD reactor conditions and Ga memory effect on properties of thick InAl(Ga)N layers: a complete depth-resolved investigation
Authors: Chauhan Prerna , Hasenöhrl S. , Vančo Ľ. , Šiffalovič P. , Dobročka E. , Machajdík D. , Rosová A. , Gucmann F. , Kováč J. , Maťko I. , Kuball M. , Kuzmík J.
Published: November 2019

Thick InAlN layers (In-molar fraction >0.37) on GaN buffer layers were prepared using a close-coupled showerhead metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) reactor.
Attosecond transient absorption spooktroscopy: a ghost imaging approach to ultrafast absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Driver Taran , Li Siqi , Champenois Elio G. , Duris Joseph , Ratner Daniel , Lane Thomas J. , Rosenberger Philipp , Al-Haddad Andre , Averbukh Vitali , Barnard Toby , Berrah Nora , Bostedt Christoph , Bucksbaum Philip H. , Coffee Ryan , DiMauro Louis F. , Fang Li , Garratt Douglas , Gatton Averell , Guo Zhaoheng , Hartmann Gregor , Haxton Daniel , Helml Wolfram , Huang Zhirong , LaForge Aaron , Kamalov Andrei , Kling Matthias F. , Knurr Jonas , Lin Ming-Fu , Lutman Alberto A. , MacArthur James P. , Marangos Jon P. , Nantel Megan , Natan Adi , Obaid Razib , O'Neal Jordan T. , Shivaram Niranjan H. , Schori Aviad , Walter Peter , Li Wang Anna , Wolf Thomas J. A. , Marinelli Agostino , Cryan James P.
Published: November 2019

Recently demonstrated isolated attosecond XFEL pulses should allow the probing of ultrafast electron dynamics at X-ray wavelengths. The authors use ghost imaging to enable high-resolution transient absorption spectroscopy at fluctuating XFEL sources.
Coexistence of three types of sodium motion in double molybdate Na9Sc(MoO4)6:23Na and45Sc NMR data andab initiocalculations
Authors: Buzlukov Anton L. , Arapova Irina Yu. , Baklanova Yana V. , Medvedeva Nadezhda I. , Denisova Tatiana A. , Savina Aleksandra A. , Lazoryak Bogdan I. , Khaikina Elena G. , Bardet Michel
Published: November 2019

The coexistence of three different types of Na-ion motion has been revealed in the temperature range 300–750 K.
An organic chromophore -modified samarium-containing polyoxometalate: excitation-dependent color tunable behavior from the organic chromophores to the lanthanide ion
Authors: Wu Hechen , Yan Bing , Liang Rongchang , Singh Vikram , Ma Pengtao , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang
Published: November 2019

An organic–inorganic hybrid Ln-POM display reversible color-tunable photoluminescence properties based on excitation from 260 nm to 350 nm, emitting color from blue to pink.
Rational modifications of PCN-700 to induce electrical conductivity: a computational study
Authors: Chong Sanggyu , Kim Jihan
Published: November 2019

Using computational methods, rational modifications of PCN-700 are performed to newly induce electrical conductivity in a previously insulating metal–organic framework.
Tuning a modular system – synthesis and characterisation of a boron-rich s-triazine-based carboxylic acid and amine bearing a galactopyranosyl moiety
Authors: Kellert Martin , Hoppenz Paul , Lönnecke Peter , Worm Dennis J. , Riedl Bernd , Koebberling Johannes , Beck-Sickinger Annette G. , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie
Published: November 2019

Introduction of a galactopyranosyl moiety in s-triazine-based boron-rich carboxylic acids and amines results in soluble and suitable coupling partners for tumour-selective biomolecules with applications in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
Vibrations tell the tale. A time-resolved mid-infrared perspective of the photochemistry of iron complexes
Authors: Vöhringer Peter
Published: November 2019

Time-resolved infrared spectroscopies are used to elucidate multiscalar photochemical processes of iron complexes.
Proton-conducting layered structures based on transition metal oxo-clusters supported by Sb(iii) tartrate scaffolds
Authors: Ma Wen , Hu Bing , Jing Kaiqiang , Li Zhong , Jin Jiance , Zheng Shoutian , Huang Xiaoying
Published: November 2019

Clusters characteristic of Sb(iii) tartrate scaffolds sandwiching different transition metal–Sb-oxo moieties were interconnected by Cd ions to form proton-conducting layered compounds.
One-step electrodeposition of the MOF@CCQDs/NiF electrode for chiral recognition of tyrosine isomers
Authors: Hou Ying , Liu Zhaoxuan , Tong Lei , Zhao Lu , Kuang Xuan , Kuang Rui , Ju Huangxian
Published: November 2019

Electrochemical enantiorecognition of tyrosine (Tyr) isomers using a MOF@CCQDs/NiF electrode prepared by electrodepositing a metal–organic framework (MOF) and chiral carbon quantum dots (CCQDs) on Ni foil is reported.
Revealing the origin of voltage loss in mixed-halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Mahesh Suhas , Ball James M. , Oliver Robert D. J. , McMeekin David P. , Nayak Pabitra K. , Johnston Michael B. , Snaith Henry J.
Published: November 2019

The loss from halide-segregation in wide bandgap perovskite solar cells is quantified, revealing that the performance bottleneck currently is, in fact, non-radiative recombination.
Efficient hydrogen peroxide synthesis by metal-free polyterthiophene via photoelectrocatalytic dioxygen reduction
Authors: Fan Wenjun , Zhang Bingqing , Wang Xiaoyu , Ma Weiguang , Li Deng , Wang Zhiliang , Dupuis Michel , Shi Jingying , Liao Shijun , Li Can
Published: November 2019

We demonstrate the metal-free polymeric semiconductor pTTh as a selective and efficient photocathode for photoelectrochemical oxygen reduction to a high concentration of H2O2 in a cost-effective way.
Glutathione promoted Fenton degradation: a cocatalyst based on the –HS/–S–S– cycle with hydroxyl radicals
Authors: Da Xuwen , Tang Daojian , Wang Ling , Ma Jiahai
Published: November 2019

Sulfhydryl compounds effectively promote Fenton degradation through the establishment of the –HS/–S–S cycle with hydroxyl radicals.
The protective effect of Sargassum horneri against particulate matter-induced inflammation in lung tissues of an in vivo mouse asthma model
Authors: Sanjeewa K. K. Asanka , Jayawardena Thilin U. , Lee Hyo Geun , Herath Kalahe Hewage Iresha Nadeeka Madushani , Jee Youngheun , Jeon You-Jin
Published: November 2019

Sargassum horneri is an edible brown seaweed with potential anti-inflammatory properties.
Parallelized identification of on- and off-target protein interactions
Authors: Dou Jiayi , Goreshnik Inna , Bryan Cassie , Baker David , Strauch Eva-Maria
Published: November 2019

Yeast surface display using multi target selections enables monitoring of specificity profiles for thousands of proteins in parallel.
Intestinal response to dietary manganese depletion in Drosophila
Authors: Vásquez-Procopio Johana , Osorio Beatriz , Cortés-Martínez Leticia , Hernández-Hernández Fidel , Medina-Contreras Oscar , Ríos-Castro Emmanuel , Comjean Aram , Li Fangge , Hu Yanhui , Mohr Stephanie , Perrimon Norbert , Missirlis Fanis
Published: November 2019

Manganese is considered essential for animal growth. Manganese ions serve as cofactors to three mitochondrial enzymes: superoxide dismutase (Sod2), arginase and glutamine synthase, and to glycosyltransferases residing in the Golgi. In Drosophila melanogaster, manganese has also been implicated in the formation of ceramide phosphoethanolamine, the insect's sphingomyelin analogue, a structural component of cellular membranes. Manganese overload leads to neurodegeneration and toxicity in both humans and Drosophila. Here, we report specific absorption and accumulation of manganese during the first week of adulthood in flies, which correlates with an increase in Sod2 activity during the same period. To test the requirement of dietary manganese for this accumulation, we generated a Drosophila model of manganese deficiency. Due to the lack of manganese-specific chelators, we used chemically defined media to grow the flies and deplete them of the metal. Dietary manganese depletion reduced Sod2 activity. We then examined gene and protein expression changes in the intestines of manganese depleted flies. We found adaptive responses to the presumed loss of known manganese-dependent enzymatic activities: less glutamine synthase activity (amination of glutamate to glutamine) was compensated by 50% reduction in glutaminase (deamination of glutamine to glutamate); less glycosyltransferase activity, predicted to reduce protein glycosylation, was compensated by 30% reduction in lysosomal mannosidases (protein deglycosylating enzymes); less ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase activity was compensated by 30% reduction in the Drosophila sphingomyeline phospodiesterase, which could catabolize ceramide phosphoethanolamine in flies. Reduced Sod2 activity, predicted to cause superoxide-dependent iron–sulphur cluster damage, resulted in cellular iron misregulation.
Wear-resistant and robust superamphiphobic coatings with hierarchical TiO2/SiO2 composite particles and inorganic adhesives
Authors: Huang Can , Wang Fengyi , Wang Daheng , Guo Zhiguang
Published: November 2019

Superamphiphobic coatings, which could repel liquids with a surface tension as low as 21.6 mN m−1 (n-octane), were prepared using a spray-coating method based on a flower-like hierarchical structure and highly fluorinated TiO2/SiO2 composite particles.
Tumor immune microenvironment modulation-based drug delivery strategies for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Han Shuyan , Huang Keqing , Gu Zhipeng , Wu Jun
Published: November 2019

This review highlight the TIME modulation with systematically summarized advances of cancer immunotherapeutic drug delivery strategies for effective cancer immunotherapy.
Brushing the surface: cascade reactions between immobilized nanoreactors
Authors: Wu Dalin , Rigo Serena , Di Leone Stefano , Belluati Andrea , Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E. , Palivan Cornelia G.
Published: November 2019

A tandem cascade reaction between polymer brushes-supported nanoreactors has been demonstrated.
Well-defined CoSe2@MoSe2 hollow heterostructured nanocubes with enhanced dissociation kinetics for overall water splitting
Authors: Chen Zhiwen , Wang Wenwen , Huang Shoushuang , Ning Ping , Wu Ye , Gao Chunyan , Le Thanh-Tung , Zai Jiantao , Jiang Yong , Hu Zhangjun , Qian Xuefeng
Published: November 2019

Uniform CoSe2@MoSe2 hollow heterostructured nanocubes were rationally synthesized, and they displayed impressive electrochemical catalytic activity when employed as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting.
A methodology for characterising nanoparticle size and shape using nanopores
Authors: Maugi R. , Hauer P. , Bowen J. , Ashman E. , Hunsicker E. , Platt M.
Published: November 2019

The discovery and characterisation of nanomaterials represents a multidisciplinary problem, here we apply predictive logistic regression models with resistive pulse sensing to create an rapid analysis technology.
III–V colloidal nanocrystals: control of covalent surfaces
Authors: Kim Youngsik , Chang Jun Hyuk , Choi Hyekyoung , Kim Yong-Hyun , Bae Wan Ki , Jeong Sohee
Published: November 2019

Unveiling the atomistic surface structure of colloidal quantum dots may provide the route to rational design of highly performing III–V nanocrystals with control over energy levels position, surface energy, trap passivation, and heterojunction interface.
Novel CuO–Cu2O redox-induced self-assembly of hierarchical NiOOH@CuO–Cu2O/Co(OH)2 nanocomposite for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Yawen , Li Guifang , Xu Jialing , Jia Lishan
Published: November 2019

We designed well-defined architecture and controllable active centers with multiple valence states regulated by redox.
Adipokines as key players in β cell function and failure
Authors: Gómez-Banoy Nicolás , Lo James C.
Published: November 2019

The growing prevalence of obesity and its related metabolic diseases, mainly Type 2 diabetes (T2D), has increased the interest in adipose tissue (AT) and its role as a principal metabolic orchestrator. Two decades of research have now shown that ATs act as an endocrine organ, secreting soluble factors termed adipocytokines or adipokines. These adipokines play crucial roles in whole-body metabolism with different mechanisms of action largely dependent on the tissue or cell type they are acting on. The pancreatic β cell, a key regulator of glucose metabolism due to its ability to produce and secrete insulin, has been identified as a target for several adipokines. This review will focus on how adipokines affect pancreatic β cell function and their impact on pancreatic β cell survival in disease contexts such as diabetes. Initially, the “classic” adipokines will be discussed, followed by novel secreted adipocyte-specific factors that show therapeutic promise in regulating the adipose–pancreatic β cell axis.
Target detection for linear frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar via reduced‐dimension approximate message passing
Authors: Jin Benzhou , Zhang Shubai , Que Zhongyuan
Published: November 2019

A two‐stage target detection approach, jointly performing traditional and approximate message passing (AMP) algorithms, is proposed for linear frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar. In the first stage, fast Fourier transform (FFT) and target pre‐detection are carried out. Based on the pre‐detection results, a reduced‐dimension signal observation model is established. In the second stage, AMP is used to reconstruct true targets, and then target detection is implemented. Performances of the proposed approach are provided by numerical experiments and compared with those of AMP and the traditional FFT‐based methods. Results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Analysis and implementation of a boost DC–DC converter with high voltage gain and continuous input current
Authors: Sedaghati Farzad , Pourjafar Saeed
Published: November 2019

In this study, a new high‐voltage gain DC–DC converter based on the coupled inductor and voltage lift circuit technique is proposed. In the suggested converter, a high‐voltage conversion ratio is achieved using a low turn's ratio of the coupled inductor which decreases the volume of core. Also, by selecting the low number of turn's ratio of coupled inductors, the peak voltage through the semiconductors is decreased subsequently. Moreover, the voltage lift circuit is utilised for further increasing the voltage gain and clamping the voltage spike through the main power switch. Zero current switching condition of diodes is another merit of the proposed DC–DC converter, which leads to decrease in the reverse recovery losses generated by diodes. Therefore, the overall efficiency can be enhanced. Technical analysis and comparison surveys with similar topologies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested DC–DC converter. Finally, to validate the performance of the proposed structure, a laboratory prototype with a 200 W power level and 25 kHz operating frequency is implemented.
Risk averse energy management strategy in the presence of distributed energy resources considering distribution network reconfiguration: an information gap decision theory approach
Authors: Nikkhah Saman , Rabiee Abbas , Mohseni‐Bonab Seyed Masoud , Kamwa Innocent
Published: November 2019

Distributed energy resources (DERs) and distribution network reconfiguration have considerable effects on both the economic and operational performance of distribution networks. However, the uncertain nature of renewable energy sources (RESs), wind energy, for instance, can bring about serious challenges to the distribution system operators and distribution companies (DisCos). Therefore, a suitable methodology is a matter of the utmost importance to handle the uncertainty of RESs. In addition, DisCos can benefit from the utilisation of energy storage technologies to increase the penetration of RESs into the system. In this regard, this study proposes a risk‐averse energy management strategy (RA‐EMS) in the presence of DERs, while the impact of uncertainties of RESs on the optimal configuration of the network is investigated. The uncertainty of RESs is modelled through the information gap decision theory, which has significant advantages such as low computational burden, no need for probability density function, and exact results compared to other methodologies for uncertainty handling. The proposed RA‐EMS model is implemented on the IEEE 33‐bus distribution system, and its superiority over the scenario‐based stochastic programming is demonstrated. The robust configuration of the system against RESs’ uncertainty is obtained for different levels of uncertainty radius.
Measured impact of different back‐off points and cooling methods on pulse‐to‐pulse stability and sidelobe level of a high‐power solid‐state amplifier
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali , Khodarahmi Ehsan , Ebrahimi Emad , Ahmadi Behzad , Jalali Mahdis
Published: November 2019

Using solid‐state power amplifiers for next generation of weather radars becomes feasible by pulse compression techniques. In this study a 1.5 kW solid‐state power amplifier (transmitter) for C‐band weather radars is designed and fabricated by GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology. An experimental setup based on heterodyne receiver with 16‐bit digitiser is developed to investigate the behavior of the power amplifier under different cooling methods and back‐off points. Several measurements with shaped LFM pulse show an approximately identical pulse to pulse (P2P) stability for 3 dB compression, P1dB and 2 dB back‐off points while the best sidelobe level (SLL) is achieved for 2 dB back‐off point. To study the effect of different cooling techniques on P2P stability and time SLL, two power amplifiers with the same transistors but different cooling methods are examined. Measurement results for 100 µs pulse duration indicate that the power amplifier with liquid cooling method shows 56 dBm output power with 0.1 dB droop while the forced‐air cooling one shows 55.5dBm output power with 0.3 dB droop. While the liquid cooling technique shows 3 dB improvement in the overall P2P stability, its time SLL is deteriorated. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first experimental study on the time SLL under different back‐off points and cooling techniques.