bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a fast and simple method for the determination of several antibiotics in different aqueous matrices
Authors: Voigt Alexander M. , Skutlarek Dirk , Timm Christian , Schreiber Christiane , Felder Carsten , Exner Martin , Faerber Harald A.
Published: September 2019

Environmental contextAntibiotic residues released to the environment could influence the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and hence their spread within the aquatic environment. We report a multi-method approach for determining 47 antibiotics in wastewater, surface water, drinking water and groundwater. The method provides a rapid screening of water samples for common antibiotics that have the potential to alter natural bacterial populations. AbstractA simple and rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the determination of 47 different antibiotics in water samples was developed. A straightforward sample preparation of aqueous samples could be established using a simple dilution step with a mixture of water and acetonitrile (+ 0.8gL−1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)), subsequent filtration through a hydrophilised polytetrafluoroethylene (H-PTFE) syringe filter and a subsequent direct injection. The multi-analyte method presented includes substances from eleven classes of antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, macrolide antibiotics, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, glycopeptid antibiotics, oxazolidinones and nitroimidazoles). The method is characterised by a typical dynamic range from 0.01µgL−1 to a maximum of 5µgL−1, with good linearity regression coefficients (r2>0.99) and suitable recovery rates (generally from 65±13% to 117±5%) in spiked drinking water, surface water, groundwater and simulated treated wastewater. Suitable limits of quantification between 3.3ngL−1 and 190ngL−1 could be obtained, which are sufficient to determine low levels of antibiotic residues in the aquatic environment. The efficiency of the developed method was tested by analysing the residual concentrations of antibiotics in a small creek in Germany (‘Swistbach’). Sulfamethoxazole in combination with trimethoprim could be detected frequently, with calculated detection frequencies of 94–100% and 29–47%, as well as macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin (50–60%), clarithromycin (82–94%), clindamycin (88–100%) and erythromycin (41–53%). The determined concentrations were in a range between 0.01µgL−1 and 0.43µgL−1 downstream of the municipal wastewater treatment plants, whereas no antibiotics could be detected upstream.
Feeding distance of tin bronze castings: Intrinsic and extrinsic estimates
Authors: Erzi Eray , Tiryakioğlu Murat
Published: September 2019

Casting alloys with long freezing ranges are extremely difficult to cast because of the length of the mushy zone. During solidification, the liquid metal needs to find its way through the dendritic structure. Tin bronzes have a long freezing range and therefore, are known to be hard to cast because of their propensity for interdendritic porosity. In this study, the intrinsic feeding ability of the tin bronze is calculated based on the intrinsic fracture pressure of liquid metals. Calculations have shown that feeding distances increase with longer solidification times and that the metal is capable of feeding itself over long distances. The differences between calculated and observed feeding distances can be attributed to entrainment defects in the solidifying metal.
Eph receptors and ephrins engage in cellular cannibalism
Authors: Pasquale Elena B.
Published: September 2019

Eph receptors bind ephrins on neighboring cells, oligomerizing into adhesive complexes that recruit signaling molecules. Execution of their signature repulsive program then generates pulling forces, enabling a cell to engulf a piece of another cell. New mechanistic insights by Gong et al. (2019. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201901032) define this process as a form of “cellular cannibalism.”
Adult hair follicles keep oncogenic growth in check
Authors: Gay Denise , Ito Mayumi
Published: September 2019

Recent research shows that potentially cancerous, somatic mutations can reside in normal cells. Pineda et al. (2019. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201907178) report on a unique management technique by hair follicle stem cells to evade tumorigenesis.
Concomitant PIK3CD and TNFRSF9 deficiencies cause chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection of T cells
Authors: Rodriguez Rémy , Fournier Benjamin , Cordeiro Debora Jorge , Winter Sarah , Izawa Kazushi , Martin Emmanuel , Boutboul David , Lenoir Christelle , Fraitag Sylvie , Kracker Sven , Watts Tania H. , Picard Capucine , Bruneau Julie , Callebaut Isabelle , Fischer Alain , Neven Bénédicte , Latour Sylvain
Published: September 2019

Infection of T cells by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) characterized by T cell lymphoproliferative disorders (T-LPD) of unclear etiology. Here, we identified two homozygous biallelic loss-of-function mutations in PIK3CD and TNFRSF9 in a patient who developed a fatal CAEBV. The mutation in TNFRSF9 gene coding CD137/4-1BB, a costimulatory molecule expressed by antigen-specific activated T cells, resulted in a complete loss of CD137 expression and impaired T cell expansion toward CD137 ligand–expressing cells. Isolated as observed in one sibling, CD137 deficiency resulted in persistent EBV-infected T cells but without clinical manifestations. The mutation in PIK3CD gene that encodes the catalytic subunit p110δ of the PI3K significantly reduced its kinase activity. Deficient T cells for PIK3CD exhibited reduced AKT signaling, while calcium flux, RAS-MAPK activation, and proliferation were increased, suggestive of an imbalance between the PLCγ1 and PI3K pathways. These skewed signals in T cells may sustain accumulation of EBV-infected T cells, a process controlled by the CD137–CD137L pathway, highlighting its critical role in immunity to EBV.
Dynamic two-center resonant photoionization in slow atomic collisions
Authors: Voitkiv A B , Müller C , Zhang S F , Ma X
Published: September 2019

An additional channel for photoionization of an atom A by an electromagnetic field opens if it interacts with an atom B resonantly coupled to this field. In this channel, which is known to be very efficient when A and B constitute a bound system, A is ionized via resonant photoexcitation of B with subsequent energy transfer to A through two-center electron correlations. We show that it can strongly dominate the ionization of A also in collisions with B, even though the average distance between A and B exceeds the typical size of a bound system by orders of magnitude.
The Barkhatny ultramafic-mafic massif (Kuznetsk Alatau Ridge, SW Siberia): structural and compositional evolutions of rocks
Authors: Dugarova N A , Gertner I F , Krasnova T S
Published: September 2019

A complex of petrographic and petrofabric analyses that was carried out for rocks from an ultramafic-mafic massif of the Barkhatnaya Mountain in the Northern part of the Kuznetsk Alatau allowed us to prove that internal anisotropy of mineral aggregates had deformation-type evolution, which indicates possible plastic exhumation of lithosphere mantle fragments into upper crust levels. Additional mineralogical and geochemical researches of the basic component point out high possibility of multistage model for obduction of ophiolite association segments proposed for this region.
Structural characteristic of the hydrothermal-ore system of the Bambukoy river basin, Western Transbaikalia
Authors: Kungulova E N , Matveev I
Published: September 2019

The hydrothermal ore system of the Bambukoy basin of the Western Transbaikalia is located within the South Muya Ridge is a set of quartz veins with different orientations, performing fissure paragenesis, formed during the development of thrust and shear deformations. The rocks enclosing are terrigenous deposits of the Amatkan Formation of the Vendian age, presented in the form of interbedded aleurolites and sandstones of varying grain size. The terrigenous deposits intensively deployed in inclined, recumbent, diving folds. In the structure of the zone, there are two types of quartz veins. The first type includes veins concordant stratification and cleavage, the second type are counter veins. Due to the kinematic reconstruction was revealed that the formation of sub - concordant veins is associated with the initial stages of the formation of the thrust system. In turn, the counter veins are derived from the subsequent stages of deformation, expressed in the development of left-side shifts that complicate the thrust system.
Features of the Riphean-Early Paleozoic magmatism of the southeast of the Siberian platform
Authors: Savelev A D , Yu Lebedeva O
Published: September 2019

Geochemical study of mafic dikes and sills of the Riphean (Ulakhanbam) and Ordovician (Suordakh) ages in the area of the Sette-Daban ridge allowed to establish differences between these complexes. For the Ulakhanbam magmatic rocks, the mantle source was basically similar in characteristics to E-MORB. Despite the possible sediment contamination, wide range of εNd(T) values is most likely due to the specific composition of the mantle source, which likely had an admixture of OIB material. The Ordovician reservoir had OIB characteristics, whereas the MORB material had a subordinate significance.
Data of studying the content of organic matter in deposits of the stone-perm separation of the southwestern part of the Shu-Sarysu basin
Authors: Tulemissova Z S , Buslov M M
Published: September 2019

In the process of studying the Carboniferous-Permian section, rock samples were taken from two lithologic-stratigraphic sections of the Lower Carboniferous and Permian systems, from which the most representative rocks were selected, giving an idea of the material composition of the rocks of this stratigraphic section of the Shu-Sarysu depression. Further thermal and X-ray diffraction analyzes of these samples were carried out. Mineralogical interpretation of the analysis results showed the presence in the samples a number of formations, among which there are silicon oxides, feldspars, minerals of layered silicates, carbonates, etc. The method of localization of concentrated and dispersed forms of OM in the compositions of quartz formations is based on the laws of physical and ion sorption. Therefore, connection with the surface of crystals of other minerals is carried out mainly by means of underlying films made of secondary minerals of the group of phyllosilicates.

In article shown that: 1) the packaging of OM in clay minerals takes place in the intergrid spaces of their layered structures or over the broken connections of the planes of the silicon-oxygen frame of montmorillonites and members of this series of minerals; 2) in limestones concentration of Corg takes place in micro pores, as well as in cracks and chips of monomineral forms of CaCO3; 3) the background content of the dispersed organic matter (DOM) in the Carboniferous-Permian section is uniformly distributed in the range 0.1-0.5%; 4) in terrigenous rocks, in which feldspars and clay minerals predominate, the DOM content reaches 2%; 5) the obtained data will be used to correct the forecast resources of the southwestern part of the Shu-Sarysu basin.
Features of geology and composition of rocks from the alkaline-gabbroid University massif (NE Kuznetsk Alatau ridge, Siberia)
Authors: Mustafayev A A , Gertner I F , Serov P A
Published: September 2019

This paper discusses specifics of petrography and structural tectonic position of the alkaline-gabbroic University massif, which is a sort of analogue of the Kiya-Shaltyr deposit of nepheline ores in this area that was very slightly eroded. In this work, we will also present new precise analytical data on rare and trace element distribution in major intrusive phases of this geological object, and also isotope dating on the basis of Sm-Nd method.
Utilization of palm shells fly ash as filler on the mixture of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC–WC)
Authors: Chaira  , Mawardi Edi
Published: September 2019

The scarcity of natural component of road construction, such as river sand, gravel and rock; against high market demand causing the increased of material market prices. Therefore, there is a call for innovations of substitutes to reduce the demand of natural resources use. Aceh Barat is boastful of palm plantation supplying the palm oil industry. Palm oil production generates waste including fly ash. This study aims to investigate the physical properties of fly ash to be used as filler in asphalt concrete mixture AC WC. The study also inspects the Marshall characteristics of the mixture of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC- WC) used palm shells fly ash. Results of the study displays that there are characteristics value of the AC-WC mixture which is compliant with the Specification for Asphalt Concrete Mix by Department of Public Work 2010. KAO 5.51% for palm shells fly ash filler. The stability value of the AC-WC mixture used palm shells fly ash as filler is 1279.54 kg; flow 3.5 mm; MQ 362.18; Density 2.4 gr/cm3; VIM 4.18%; VMA 15.55% dan VFB 74.21%. This research benefits is sought to realize the cooperation of the agricultural industry in the field of road transportation which is environmentally friendly and sustainable.
Challenges to the sustainability of small-scale fishers livelihood in Banyuwangi regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kinseng Rilus A. , Mahmud Amir , Hamdani Andan , Hidayati Hilda Nurul
Published: September 2019

Small-scale fishers in Indonesia face various challenges that threaten sustainability of their livelihood. However, since Indonesia consists of diverse sosio-cultural and natural resources conditions, the precise characteristics and nature of the challenges may vary from one location to anothers. Therefore, it is important to study these challenges in certain places in Indonesia. This study was conducted in two villages in Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province, March-April 2018. Using a qualitative approach, this study shows that small-scale fishers of the research locations face a variety of challenges to their livelihoods. These challenges are two both from nature as well as from sosio-economics conditions. As from nature, climate change and environmental degradation are the most felt by the fishers. Mean while, as from the socio-economic dimensions, patron-client relations and Government policies, such as the prohibition of catching fries, are most felt problems.
Pattern of Lepidopteran pest community attacking oil palms and their associated hymenopteran parasitoid
Authors: Sahari B , Buchori D , Manuwoto S , Nurmansyah A
Published: September 2019

Understanding the pattern of lepidopteran pest community attacking oil palms and associated parasitoid is very important to develop appropriate biological control strategies. Insects were surveyed by collecting larvae of lepidopteran pests attacking oil palm plantations. Samplings were conducted by diagonal transect walk crossing oil palm blocks. Insects collected from the field were brought into the laboratory and maintained with fresh leaves of oil palm until pupation. Parasitized larvae were intensively observed, and emerging parasitoids were collected for identification. In total, approximately 17 species were identified to attack oil palm by surveying 976 trees from three different age of palm oil plantations. Only 19,98% of which were infested by Lepidopteran pests. Limacodidae was found to be the most specious family inhabiting oil palm plantation of the study area, and Psychidae only represented by two species. Setora niten was recorded to be the most abundant species. Abundance structure of Lepidopteran pests seems to be different for different age of oil palm. S. nitens was found to be dominant in younger oil palm but not in older oil palm. Only four species were found to be parasitized by parasitoid including Birthamula chara, Darna bradley, Darna deducta, Darna trima, and Limantriidae (ulat bulu-3). All parasitoid species attacked the larvae were gregarious belongs to Braconidae and Eulophidae. Euplectrus, gregarious endoparasitoid of Eulophid was found to parasitize D trima. Long term study is needed to understand the complete pattern of host-parasitoid interaction in oil palm plantations.
The intracellular photopigment and glutathione (GSH) dynamics in symbiodinium natural population during light stress and recovery
Authors: Zamani MP , Soedharma D , Madduppa H , Muhaemin M
Published: September 2019

It is already proven by scientists, that mass coral bleaching is an early signal for increasing global temperature. Over the last decades, there was a lack of studies aimed at photoinhibition in Symbiodinium during laboratory treatments. It was important to predict the initial adaptation in relation to photo-inhibitory of photosynthesis accompanied by slight photo- protective mechanisms and gradual recovery of Symbiodinium. This information is important to understand the recovery mechanism of mass coral bleaching, which can help to develop sustainable management of the ecosystem. In our manuscript, we applied medium light stress [600 μmol (photon).m−2.s−1] to trigger changes in intracellular photo-pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, carotenoid) and glutathione (GSH) contents in Symbiodinium. The result showed that light-induced generated various depletion in chlorophyll (chl) a and chlorophyll (chl) c contents, and more production in intracellular carotenoid and GSH. The total intracellular GSH increased during the first 10 min of culture at high light treatment and followed by a decrease (at 60 min). The GSH recovery finished in Symbiodinium even after 6 h indicated the high ability of photo-protective processes in the species as another photoinhibition effect and its photosynthetic performance in the initial environment.
Computation of a torsion spring stabilizer bar rigidity and fatigue resistance
Authors: Geonea I , Dumitru N , Rosca A , Craciunoiu N , Racila L , Copilusi C
Published: September 2019

The stabilizing bar is the suspension element that reduces the sliding of the car by stopping any kind of uneven vertical movement between the wheels to which it is connected. The stabilizer bar is a piece designed to increase stability during curves, in the case of sharp turns or maneuvers, and to enhance vehicle maneuverability. In general, sports cars are equipped with such stabilizing bars both on the front and rear. In this paper we present research on the experimental determination of the characteristic and rigidity of the torsion bar springs used in suspensions of motor vehicles. The determination of the torsion bar spring characteristic is done by two methods: analytical and experimental. The results obtained by the two methods are similar. In the second part of the paper there is discussed a test bench used for the experimental determination of fatigue resistance of the torsion bar spring. Also, angular deformations of torsion bar with resistive strain gauge transducers are monitored during fatigue applications. The results of the fatigue application are also studied by numerical simulation in the ANSYS FEA program.
Analysis of the movement of an exoskeleton for the upper limb
Authors: Tătulea I A , Drugă C N
Published: September 2019

The theme approached in this paper falls within the general lines of an interdisciplinary research field, strategies provided by the European health insurance programs: Social Challenges (Health, Demographic Change and Wellbeing) and respectively in the national classification: Health (Fundamental and Border Research). The main objective of the research is the identification and knowledge of the biomechanical analysis elements that contribute to the increase of the mobility of the upper limbs in the persons with different motor dysfunctions (recoverable and rehabilitated dysfunctions), using customized exoskeleton-type systems together with opto-electronic systems to diversify the scope. In the first part of the paper are presented general aspects related to variants and fields of use of types of exoskeleton for upper limbs. The biomechanical analysis of upper limb movements, performed for the purpose of determining the action limits, is presented in the second part of the paper. The results of the analyses and the conclusions of this research are presented in the final part of the paper, along with the description of the proposed constructive variant of the exoskeleton.
Methods of project management used in small and medium enterprises
Authors: Moraru G M , Popa D
Published: September 2019

The paper presents the most important methods of project management and general management used in small and medium enterprises in the central area of Romania, as well as the degree of their use. Therefore, we have developed a research based on questionnaire in small and medium enterprises from various fields, in order to find how their managers combines these methods and which ones are used more frequently. Unfortunately, our research has found poor or mediocre use of project management methods, as well as most of the general management methods. Training employees of enterprises in project management field, hiring experts in management, or developing post-graduate courses in this field by universities are the most affordable solutions at this time for Romanian small and medium enterprises.
Structural and mechanical properties of TiMnSnAlZrC alloy sintered in different ways
Authors: Gheorghe S , Pascu I , Nicolicescu C , Didu A
Published: September 2019

Powder metallurgy is a complex technology that allows obtaining various alloys with special properties which successfully replace alloys achieved by classical technologies. The ability to easily modify classic chemical compositions makes this technology an instrument in the hands of researchers that enables them to always improve the properties of sintered alloys. In addition, the technology itself is very permissive, and new technical solutions can always be found in the technological process of pieces manufacturing. Among the materials very used in the technique, which is very well suited to this technology is titanium. Titanium in combination with other chemical elements greatly improves its operating behavior of obtained material. Therefore, this study proposes a combination of titanium with tin and graphite, recommended for improving wear resistance. The other elements used in the mixture, Al, Zr, Mn help to improve the mechanical properties. The paper intends to present a study on the wear resistance of this Ti alloy, sintered in different ways. SEM and spectrometry analyzes for sintered parts are also presented.
Notes on the possibilities and limitations of using metrical tools in mechanical modeling of media
Authors: Lámer G
Published: September 2019

Changes in the size and shape of a continuous body can be described by metrical tools. The change in size is experimentally associated with relative elongation, the change of shape with the (local) angle change. Within the body, the concept of size (line length) and angle (angle between two lines) is based on the scalar product; the metric tensor is also needed to describe these relationships. When determining the relationship between size and size change as well as angle and angle change, it should be taken into account that, although both length and angle are interpreted by scalar product of metric tensor components, but in the context of relative length change there are fractional functions of radical expressions, in the context of angular change, there are fractional functions of radical expressions and partly inverse angle functions. The tensor cannot be formed directly from these two functions, but only by series expansion, and then there is a limit to the theoretical and numerical application of the introduced strain tensor: that the whole function can be approached well with the first few members of series expansion. This allows only a small strain (small relative elongation) to be described. This limit and the limitation of the use of topological tools (that is, the significant change of size and shape is not a deformation but a rearrangement) are consistent with each with other.
Digital twins of mechatronic machine tools for modern manufacturing
Authors: Kutin A A , Bushuev V V , Molodtsov V V
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of the development of “digital twins” of technological equipment — it’s specially organized and structured information models. The prospects for the use of digital twins for the organization of digital production and the problems associated with providing an adequate description of real mechatronic technological systems with their help are considered. It is shown that the creation of digital twins of technological equipment is a complex task associated with the integration of information and production technologies; therefore, its main solution is a systematic approach that defines the requirements for mathematical, informational and methodological support of digital productions. The advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to the formation of such models are considered. A combined technique for obtaining digital twins of mechatronic feed drives, forming a system for shaping CNC machines, which uses the results of finite element modelling and experimental data, is proposed. Using the example of drive identification, an experimental result shows the need to develop and implement scientifically based methods for constructing digital twins.
Experimental data collection system for reading pressure levels in a vacuum environment
Authors: Țarcă D I , Csokmai L , Moldovan O , Ghincu R , Potroviță D
Published: September 2019

The University of Oradea is working on developing a research base in material sciences with capabilities of vacuum deposition. The laboratory will be equipped with two deposition system along with with other research equipment, mainly an atomic force microscope and a Nano indenter for material characterization. This paper presents the continuity of our efforts to install two vacuum deposition systems that will be part of the SMARTMAT Laboratory at the University of Oradea. As steps were made in cleaning the equipment, we now focus on obtaining high vacuum. In this process, a constant monitoring solution of the pressure inside the chamber is required, and the steps taken to realize it are presented in this paper. The main focus of the paper is the data acquisition system implemented for monitoring several parameters of which vacuum is the most important. The system will be based on two Pfeiffer Gauges for vacuum and a National Instruments PXI system.
Parameterized optimization analysis with finite elements, using ANSYS®, of a reference point under a torque action
Authors: Marian F G , Grebenișan G
Published: September 2019

To determine the elastic/plastic deformation value of the part, we used Ansys R19.0 software(CAE), to simulate a torque moment applied to the functional area part, which provided the information set about the part behavior. The mold of the part has 4 cavities, and the part material is a polyamide. Having a requirement imposed by the customer on the drawing, we considered this finite element analysis it is necessary before start manufacturing the molding and starting injection the parts to demonstrate that the customer requirement is achievable. The results obtained from the analysis with finite elements in ANSYS R19 showed that the constructional part could not fulfill the design requirement, namely to withstand a torque of 4500Nmm the part being fixed in the hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm. After analyzing the results, the client will have to modify the current drawing based on the results obtained by us, namely to reduce the torque value from 4500Nmm to 4000.3 Nmm.
Focusing Device Based on Overconstrained Mechanism
Authors: Racila L D , Dumitru I , Tutunea D , Matei L , Geonea I , Otat O , Racila M
Published: September 2019

The paper presents an application based on an exceptional 6R overconstrained mechanism. This mechanism is started from 6R Wohlhart symmetric mechanism, not in its classical spatial position but a different one, with three non-adjacent joints constrained to remain in a fixed plane. This disposition allows the conception of an interesting device, a focusing table, capable of obtaining good accuracy.
The assessment of pedestrian’s head injury risk at the contact with the vehicle’s hood
Authors: Beles H , Tolea B A , Crisan G F , Dogar C A , Ciotachiev V V
Published: September 2019

The main paper objective was to determine pedestrian’s head injury risk, at the impact with the vehicle’s bonnet. To achieve this objective, experimental tests on a test bench were performed. It is intended to determine the head injury risk, in different areas of the bonnet, to determine hood’s “friendliness”.
Rapid filament prototyping of a bionic hand
Authors: Culda L I , Muncut E S , Komjaty A
Published: September 2019

No matter how we call it: additive manufacturing, fast manufacturing, fast prototyping, fabrication in layers or DMF (desktop manufacturing) manufacturing, 3D printing is rapidly developing due to the diversity of applicability areas. In this paper, we would like to introduce the way of realizing a bionic hand that imitates human hand movements with the help of the 3D printer. The actual function that can perform is the movement of the finger segments for closing and opening the fist. The imprint was made using the Creality 3D Direct Store 3D Ender 3 3D Printer Original. As components, we have the handprint, the print of servomotor holder, the Arduino uno board, the breadboard, 5 actuators, male jumpers and fishing thread for ligaments. For programming, the integrated development IDE environment based on the Processing project has been used, which includes support for the C and C ++ programming languages.
Using virtual inductive loops to adapt the signal plans of junctions
Authors: Matei L , Dumitru I , Racila L D , Tutunea D , Oprica A C
Published: September 2019

Trafficking is a growing problem in cities around the world. Congestions occurring at peak hours have become common problems that all the major cities of the world are facing. Some metropolises, however, have found solutions to reduce traffic jams, especially in peak hours. Problem solutions are given by road traffic management by reducing waiting times and queues, in the same way as traffic safety increases. The first step in achieving coherent management is to achieve a method of collecting traffic data. Under the current infrastructure development conditions, one of the few solutions is given by virtual inductive loops. Inductive loop detectors have become the most utilized sensors in traffic management systems. The gathered traffic data is used to improve traffic efficiency (i.e., warning users about congested areas or planning new infrastructures). This paper aims to develop virtual intersection models by using primary data from virtual inductive loop video analyzers.
No-Fly Lists, National Security and Race: The Experiences of Canadian Muslims
Authors: Nagra Baljit , Maurutto Paula
Published: September 2019

Despite the increasing use of no-fly lists in countries like the United States, United Kingdom and Canada, their impact has not been explored in academic research. In a bid to fill this gap, we conducted 70 in-depth interviews with Muslim community leaders to explore Canadian Muslims’ experience of the no-fly list. We find the Canadian no-fly list targets Muslim communities, restricts mobility, separates individuals from family and friends, diminishes professional and economic opportunities, and stigmatizes those labelled a security risk. Drawing on the preventive security literature and critical race studies of counter-terrorism, this research demonstrates how no-fly lists erode fundamental aspects of justice, and reproduce racial hierarchies.
Longitudinal assessments highlight long-term behavioural recovery in disorders of consciousness
Authors: Bareham Corinne A , Allanson Judith , Roberts Neil , Hutchinson Peter J A , Pickard John D , Menon David K , Chennu Srivas
Published: September 2019

Accurate diagnosis and prognosis of disorders of consciousness is complicated by the variability amongst patients’ trajectories. However, the majority of research and scientific knowledge in this field is based on cross-sectional studies. The translational gap in applying this knowledge to inform clinical management can only be bridged by research that systematically examines follow-up. In this study, we present findings from a novel longitudinal study of the long-term recovery trajectory of 39 patients, repeatedly assessed using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised once every 3 months for 2 years, generating 185 assessments. Despite the expected inter-patient variability, there was a statistically significant improvement in behaviour over time. Further, improvements began approximately 22 months after injury. Individual variation in the trajectory of recovery was influenced by initial diagnosis. Patients with an initial diagnosis of unresponsive wakefulness state, who progressed to the minimally conscious state, did so at a median of 485 days following onset—later than 12-month period after which current guidelines propose permanence. Although current guidelines are based on the expectation that patients with traumatic brain injury show potential for recovery over longer periods than those with non-traumatic injury, we did not observe any differences between trajectories in these two subgroups. However, age was a significant predictor, with younger patients showing more promising recovery. Also, progressive increases in arousal contributed exponentially to improvements in behavioural awareness, especially in minimally conscious patients. These findings highlight the importance of indexing arousal when measuring awareness, and the potential for interventions to regulate arousal to aid long-term behavioural recovery in disorders of consciousness.
A Systematic Review of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Africa
Authors: Kim Jong-Hoon , Im Justin , Parajulee Prerana , Holm Marianne , Cruz Espinoza Ligia Maria , Poudyal Nimesh , Mogeni Ondari D , Marks Florian
Published: September 2019

Background

Our current understanding of the burden and distribution of typhoid fever in Africa relies on extrapolation of data from a small number of population-based incidence rate estimates. However, many other records on the occurrence of typhoid fever are available, and those records contain information that may enrich our understanding of the epidemiology of the disease as well as secular trends in reporting by country and over time.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of typhoid fever occurrence in Africa, published in PubMed, Embase, and ProMED (Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases).

Results

At least one episode of culture-confirmed typhoid fever was reported in 42 of 57 African countries during 1900–2018. The number of reports on typhoid fever has increased over time in Africa and was highly heterogeneous between countries and over time. Outbreaks of typhoid fever were reported in 15 countries, with their frequency and size increasing over time.

Conclusions

Efforts should be made to leverage existing typhoid data, for example, by incorporating them into models for estimating the burden and distribution of typhoid fever.
Viral Kinetics and Resistance Development in Children Treated with Neuraminidase Inhibitors: The Influenza Resistance Information Study (IRIS)
Authors: Roosenhoff Rueshandra , Reed Vaughan , Kenwright Andy , Schutten Martin , Boucher Charles A , Monto Arnold , Clinch Barry , Kumar Deepali , Whitley Richard , Nguyen-Van-Tam Jonathan S , Osterhaus Albert D M E , Fouchier Ron A M , Fraaij Pieter L A
Published: September 2019

Background

We studied the effect of age, baseline viral load, vaccination status, antiviral therapy, and emergence of drug resistance on viral shedding in children infected with influenza A or B virus.

Methods

Samples from children (aged ≤13 years) enrolled during the 7 years of the prospective Influenza Resistance Information Study were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction to determine the influenza virus (sub-)type, viral load, and resistance mutations. Disease severity was assessed; clinical symptoms were recorded. The association of age with viral load and viral clearance was examined by determining the area under the curve for viral RNA shedding using logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses.

Results

A total of 2131 children infected with influenza (683, A/H1N1pdm09; 825, A/H3N2; 623, influenza B) were investigated. Age did not affect the mean baseline viral load. Children aged 1−5 years had prolonged viral RNA shedding (±1–2 days) compared with older children and up to 1.2-fold higher total viral burden. Besides, in older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.08; confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.12), prior vaccination status (OR, 1.72; CI, 1.22–2.43) and antiviral treatment (OR, 1.74; CI, 1.43–2.12) increased the rate of viral clearance. Resistance mutations were detected in 49 children infected with influenza A virus (34, A/H1N1pdm09; 15, A/H3N2) treated with oseltamivir, most of whom were aged <5 years (n = 39).

Conclusions

Children aged 1−5 years had a higher total viral burden with prolonged virus shedding and had an increased risk of acquiring resistance mutations following antiviral treatment.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT00884117.
Phylogeny, genetics, and the partial life cycle of Oncomegas wageneri in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Martínez-Aquino Andrés , Vidal-Martínez Víctor M , Ceccarelli F Sara , Méndez Oscar , Soler-Jiménez Lilia C , Aguirre-Macedo M Leopoldina
Published: September 2019

Despite the diversity and ecological importance of cestodes, there is a paucity of studies on their life stages (i.e., complete lists of intermediate, paratenic, and definitive hosts) and genetic variation. For example, in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) 98 species of cestodes have been reported to date; however, data on their intraspecific genetic variation and population genetic studies are lacking. The trypanorhynch cestode, Oncomegas wageneri, is found (among other places) off the American Western Atlantic Coast, including the GoM, and has been reported as an adult from stingrays and from several teleost species in its larval form (as plerocerci). This study represents the first report of 2 previously unregistered definitive hosts for O. wageneri, namely the Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae and the southern stingray Hypanus americanus. In this work, partial sequences of the 28S (region D1–D2) ribosomal DNA were analyzed to include O. wageneri within an eutetrarhynchoid phylogenetic framework. All O. wageneri individuals (which included plerocerci and adults) were recovered as monophyletic and Oncomegas celatus was identified as the sister species of O. wageneri. Furthermore, population genetic analyses of O. wageneri from the southern GoM were carried out using DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene, which reflected high genetic variation and a lack of genetic structure among the 9 oceanographic sampling sites. Based on these results, O. wageneri is panmictic in the southern GoM. More extensive sampling along the species entire distribution is necessary to make more accurate inferences of population genetics of O. wageneri.
A nasty surprise: cardiogenic shock induced by extensive dissection of the left internal mammary artery graft occurring 3 months after coronary angiography—a case report
Authors: Ebelt Henning , Röhl Peter , Schwenzky Andreas , Hoyme Matthias , Wiora Matthias
Published: September 2019

Background

Acute dissection of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft in patients with previous cardiac bypass surgery is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition.

Case summary

A 58-year-old man with history of coronary artery disease and bypass surgery 15 years ago presented with acute coronary syndrome (non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, NSTEMI). Angiography showed severe three-vessel disease with occlusion of a saphenous vein graft (SVG) to the first diagonal branch but patents grafts to left artery descendent (LIMA) and SVG to the right coronary artery. No coronary intervention was performed and the patient was treated medically (aspirin and ticagrelor) and discharged home after 6 days. Three months later, the patient again was admitted to the hospital with acute coronary syndrome (NSTEMI) and developing cardiogenic shock. Angiography now showed an extensive flow limiting dissection of his LIMA graft with the dissection starting at the ostium of the LIMA. After implantation of an Impella 2.5, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the graft was performed under guidance by optical coherence tomography (OCT) leading to implantation of a drug-eluting stent into the ostium of the LIMA and repeated balloon dilatations of the medial and distal parts of the graft. Antegrade flow was established and the patient’s condition improved so that the Impella was removed in the cath lab. After an uneventful course, the patient was discharged home after 6 days. Elective repeat angiography after 8 weeks showed an excellent functional result without persisting signs of LIMA dissection or stenosis.

Discussion

Acute dissection of a LIMA graft is a rare event that may lead to a life-threatening condition. According to the literature, LIMA dissection happens during coronary interventions in approximately half of the cases but it also may evolve spontaneously. However, as seen from our case, there might be a substantial delay between LIMA angiography and the clinical onset of dissection. In the vast majority of cases, dissection of LIMA can be treated by PCI. The use of Impella as reported for the first time in this case may improve the safety of the procedure. In accordance to PCI of the native coronary arteries, it seems possible to leave non-flow limiting dissections in cases of extensive disease in order to avoid the late complications of complete stenting of the graft.
A new model of patient-centred care for general practitioners: results of an integrative review
Authors: Brickley Bryce , Sladdin Ishtar , Williams Lauren T , Morgan Mark , Ross Alyson , Trigger Kellie , Ball Lauren
Published: September 2019

Background

GPs providing patient-centred care (PCC) is embedded in international health care policies due to its positive impact on patients and potential to lower health care costs. However, what is currently known about GP-delivered PCC is unknown.

Objective

To synthesize literature investigating GP-delivered PCC and address ‘what is currently known about GP-delivered PCC?’

Method

A systematic literature search was conducted between June and July 2018. Eligible articles were empirical, full-text studies published in English between January 2003 and July 2018, related to at least three of the four dimensions of PCC described by Hudon et al. (2011), and related to preventative, acute, and/or chronic care by GPs. Following screening, full-text articles were independently assessed for inclusion by two investigators. Data were extracted and quality assessed by two researchers. Findings on PCC were analysed thematically (meta-synthesis).

Results

Thirty medium- to high-quality studies met the inclusions criteria. Included studies utilized varied designs, with the most frequent being quantitative, cross-sectional. A theoretical model of PCC was synthesized from included studies and contained four major components: (i) understanding the whole person, (ii) finding common ground, (iii) experiencing time and (iv) aiming for positive outcomes. Harms of PCC were rarely reported.

Conclusions

Four overarching theoretical components of PCC relate to elements of the consultation and experience of time. These components can be used to inform the development of toolkits to support GPs and general practice organizations in pursuit of PCC as well as tools to measure patient-centredness.
Sex Differences in Escalated Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Altered Gene Expression Associated With Incubation of Methamphetamine Seeking
Authors: Daiwile Atul P , Jayanthi Subramaniam , Ladenheim Bruce , McCoy Michael T , Brannock Christie , Schroeder Jennifer , Cadet Jean Lud
Published: September 2019

Background

Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder is prevalent worldwide. There are reports of sex differences in quantities of drug used and relapses to drug use among individuals with METH use disorder. However, the molecular neurobiology of these potential sex differences remains unknown.

Methods

We trained rats to self-administer METH (0. 1 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) on an fixed-ratio-1 schedule for 20 days using two 3-hour daily METH sessions separated by 30-minute breaks. At the end of self-administration training, rats underwent tests of cue-induced METH seeking on withdrawal days 3 and 30. Twenty-four hours later, nucleus accumbens was dissected and then used to measure neuropeptide mRNA levels.

Results

Behavioral results show that male rats increased the number of METH infusions earlier during self-administration training and took more METH than females. Both male and female rats could be further divided into 2 phenotypes labeled high and low takers based on the degree of escalation that they exhibited during the course of the METH self-administration experiment. Both males and females exhibited incubation of METH seeking after 30 days of forced withdrawal. Females had higher basal mRNA levels of dynorphin and hypocretin/orexin receptors than males, whereas males expressed higher vasopressin mRNA levels than females under saline and METH conditions. Unexpectedly, only males showed increased expression of nucleus accumbens dynorphin after METH self-administration. Moreover, there were significant correlations between nucleus accumbens Hcrtr1, Hcrtr2, Crhr2, and Avpr1b mRNA levels and cue-induced METH seeking only in female rats.

Conclusion

Our results identify some behavioral and molecular differences between male and female rats that had self-administered METH. Sexual dimorphism in responses to METH exposure should be considered when developing potential therapeutic agents against METH use disorder.
Counter-Selection of Antimalarial Resistance Polymorphisms by Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy
Authors: Huijben Silvie , Macete Eusebio , Mombo-Ngoma Ghyslain , Ramharter Michael , Kariuki Simon , Desai Meghna , Shi Ya Ping , Mwangoka Grace , Massougbodji Achille , Cot Michel , Ndam Nicaise Tuikue , Uberegui Estefania , Gupta Himanshu , Cisteró Pau , Aponte John J , González Raquel , Menéndez Clara , Mayor Alfredo
Published: September 2019

Background

Innovative approaches are needed to limit antimalarial resistance evolution. Understanding the role of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) on the selection for resistance and the impact such selection has on pregnancy outcomes can guide future interventions.

Methods

Plasmodium falciparum isolates (n = 914) from 2 randomized clinical trials were screened for pfmdr1 copy number variation and pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr, and pfdhps resistance markers. The trials were conducted between 2010 and 2013 in Benin, Gabon, Kenya, and Mozambique to establish the efficacy of IPTp-mefloquine (MQ) compared with IPTp-sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected and to IPTp-placebo in HIV-infected women.

Results

In HIV-uninfected women, the prevalence of pfcrt mutants, pfdhfr/pfdhps quintuple mutants, and pfmdr1 copy number was similar between women receiving IPT-SP and IPTp-MQ. However, prevalence of pfmdr1 polymorphism 86Y was lower in the IPTp-MQ group than in the IPTp-SP group, and within the IPTp-MQ group it was lower at delivery compared with recruitment. No effect of IPTp-MQ on resistance markers was observed among HIV-infected women. The carriage of resistance markers was not associated with pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions

Selection of wild-type pfmdr1 polymorphism N86 by IPTp-MQ highlights the strong selective pressure IPTp can exert and the opportunity for using negative cross-resistance in drug choice for clinical treatment and IPTp.