bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with clinically defined decompensated liver cirrhosis
Authors: Lee Jong‐chan , Kim Joo Seong , Kim Hyoung Woo , Cho In Kuk , Lee Jongchan , Jang Eun Sun , Lee Sang Hyub , Hwang Jin‐Hyeok , Kim Jin‐Wook , Jeong Sook‐Hyang , Kim Jaihwan
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Decompensated liver cirrhosis (LC) can negatively affect the outcome of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of ERCP in patients with clinically defined compensated and decompensated LC.

METHODS

In a single tertiary hospital, 146 endoscopic sphincterotomy‐naive patients with LC who underwent ERCP between 2005 and 2016 were reviewed. Patients with LC who had experienced variceal bleeding, ascites or hepatic encephalopathy were included in the decompensated LC group. Cannulation, technical and clinical successes, and major post‐ERCP adverse events including bleeding, pancreatitis, cholangitis and perforation were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

Patients were divided into compensated and decompensated LC groups. Their baseline characteristics were not different, except for comorbid malignancy (22.3 % vs 38.5%, P = 0.038) and preprocedural transfusion (7.4% vs 36.5%, P < 0.001). The cannulation (97,9% vs 94.2%, P = 0.348) and technical (95.7% vs 88.5%, P = 0.167) success rates were not different. The clinical success rate was lower in the decompensated LC group (95.7% and 78.8%, P = 0.003), mainly due to comorbid hepatobiliary malignancy. Post‐ERCP pancreatitis (6.4% vs 30.8%, P = 0.008) and cholangitis (18.1% vs 32.7%, P = 0.046) rates were higher in the decompensated LC group.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite lower clinical success rates due to comorbid hepatobiliary malignancy, ERCP in patients with decompensated LC is technically feasible. Because postprocedural cholangitis and pancreatitis are more frequent in patients with decompensated LC, greater procedural precautions are needed in these patients.
Estimating Streambank Erosion Rates with a GPS‐Based Video Mapping System
Authors: Hensley Kelsey J. , Ayers Paul D.
Published: August 2018

Streambank erosion provides a direct supply of sediment to fluvial systems and significantly contributes to the total load in sediment impaired streams. The total amount and location of excessive streambank erosion must be determined to reduce the sediment supply and improve water quality within these impaired water bodies. The objective of our study was to integrate the Bank Assessment for Non‐point source Consequences of Sediment (BANCS) model with the Streambank Video Mapping System, a global positioning system‐based landscape‐scale data collection method, to estimate the total sediment load (SL) from streambank erosion over several river kilometers. This integrated methodology allowed us to identify erosion hotspots along a 20.4 km section of Upatoi Creek in Georgia. These streambank locations would be the highest priority sites for stream restoration efforts such as streambank stabilization, reestablishment of riparian vegetation, and floodplain reconnection. Our study reach had a SL per unit channel length (109 t/yr/km) comparable in magnitude to loading rates reported in the literature from other traditional BANCS assessments.
Caries experience of children with cardiac conditions attending the Royal Children's Hospital of Melbourne
Authors: Oliver KJ , Cheung MMH , Hallett K , Manton DJ
Published: August 2018

Background

Poor oral health in children with cardiac conditions can have negative effects on quality of life and increased risk of infective endocarditis. The aim of this study was to investigate the caries experience in children with cardiac conditions attending the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne.

Methods

Medical and dental records of 428 children aged <12 years were examined. Cardiac and other medical diagnoses, decayed, missing and filled surfaces/teeth were recorded and analysed. Children referred for reasons other than caries management (NRCM) was analysed separately to address confounding of referral reason on caries experience.

Results

Mean age of overall study population was 4.9 (SD 2.4) years, caries prevalence 52.1%, mean dmft 3.65 (SD 4.8), mean dmfs 6.19 (SD 11.3), enamel defects prevalence 29.2%. Mean age of NRCM group was 4.6 (SD 2.4) years, caries prevalence 37.5%, mean dmft 2.37 (SD 4.2), mean dmfs 4.22 (SD 9.4), enamel defects prevalence 23.0%. Untreated carious lesions accounted for 89.9% of caries experience. Caries experience was associated with low socio‐economic status, absence of comorbidity and enamel defect presence.

Conclusions

High disease levels were observed. Age, socio‐economic status and enamel defects were associated with caries experience, not severity of cardiac diagnoses. Early referral for dental care and improved access should be facilitated.
Impaired participation of potassium channels and Na+/K+‐ATPase in vasodilatation due to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in rats exposed to mercury
Authors: Botelho Tatiani , Marques Vinícius B. , Simões Maylla R. , do Val Lima Patricia R. , Simões Fabiana V. , Vassallo Dalton V. , dos Santos Leonardo
Published: August 2018

Mercury intoxication is a public health risk factor due to its hazardous effect to several organs, including the cardiovascular system. There is evidence of endothelial dysfunction after exposure to mercury, but the effects on endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation are still unknown. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the chronic effects of high HgCl2 doses on the mechanisms of vasodilatation. Wistar rats were injected with HgCl2 (1st dose 10.86 μg/kg, and daily doses 0.014 μg/kg for 30 days i.m.), and saline was used as control. Mercury exposure reduced the acetylcholine‐induced vasodilatation in aortic rings, which was restored by incubation with antioxidant tiron. Inhibition of the NO synthase, Na+/K+‐ATPase and K+ channels indicates reduced participation of these factors. In the mercury group, there were an increased local anion superoxide and a reduced NO. The vasodilatation to exogenous NO was partially inhibited by co‐incubation with TEA plus tiron, suggesting that reduced NO bioavailability is the responsible to that decreased the participation of K+ channels. Moreover, there was an increased participation of the Na+/K+‐ATPase associated with an up‐regulation of its alpha‐1 subunit. In conclusion, reduced NO bioavailability plays a major role in the impaired participation of K+ channels and Na+/K+‐ATPase in the acetylcholine‐mediated relaxation, although sodium pump is up‐regulated probably as a compensatory mechanism.
Resilience as a multimodal dynamic process
Authors: Stainton Alexandra , Chisholm Katharine , Kaiser Nathalie , Rosen Marlene , Upthegrove Rachel , Ruhrmann Stephan , Wood Stephen J.
Published: August 2018

Aim

Resilience is rapidly gaining momentum in mental health literature. It provides a new understanding of the highly variable trajectories of mental illness, and has consistently been linked with improved mental health outcomes. The present review aims to clarify the definition of resilience and to discuss new directions for the field.

Methods

After discussing the definition of resilience, this narrative review synthesizes evidence that identifies the specific protective factors involved in this process. This review also addresses the mechanisms that underlie resilience.

Results

Recent literature has clarified the three core components of resilience, which are the presence of an adversity or specific risk for mental illness; the influence of protective factors that supersede this risk; and finally, a subsequently more positive outcome than expected. Now that these are largely agreed upon, the field should move on to addressing other topics. Resilience is a dynamic process by which individuals utilize protective factors and resources to their benefit. It can vary within one individual across time and circumstance. It can also refer to good functional outcomes in the context of diagnosable illness. While previous research has focused on psychological resilience, it is essential that resilience is conceptualized across modalities.

Conclusions

The field should move towards the development of a multimodal model of resilience. Researchers should now focus on producing empirical research which clarifies the specific protective factors and mechanisms of the process, aligning with the core concepts of resilience. This growing, more homogeneous evidence base, can then inform new intervention strategies.
A fatigue crack nucleation model for anisotropic materials
Authors: Wu Xijia
Published: August 2018

Based on Tanaka‐Mura's dislocation‐dipole pile‐up configuration, a formulation of mixed mode fatigue crack nucleation is derived using the Stroh formalism for generally anisotropic materials. The fatigue life is explicitly expressed as inversely proportional to the stored plastic energy, depending on the material's anisotropic elastic matrix F−1, surface energy, Burgers vector, and lattice resistance. The model has been shown to agree with experimental observation on critical slip planes in PWA 1493 single crystal Ni‐base superalloy.
Continuous fatigue damage prediction of a rubber fibre composite structure using multiaxial energy‐based approach
Authors: Gosar Ales , Nagode Marko , Oman Simon
Published: August 2018

This paper details an advanced method of continuous fatigue damage prediction of rubber fibre composite structures. A novel multiaxial energy‐based approach incorporating a mean stress correction is presented and also used to predict the fatigue life of a commercial vehicle air spring. The variations of elastic strain and complementary energies are joined to form the energy damage parameter. Material parameter α is introduced to adapt for any observed mean stress effect as well as being able to reproduce the well‐known Smith‐Watson‐Topper criterion. Since integration to calculate the energies is simplified, the approach can be employed regardless of the complexity of the thermo‐mechanical load history. Several numerical simulations and experimental tests were performed in order to obtain the required stress‐strain tensors and the corresponding fatigue lives, respectively. In simulations, the rubber material of the air spring was simulated as nonlinear elastic. The mean stress parameter α, which controls the influence of the mean stress on fatigue life, was adjusted with respect to those energy life curves obtained experimentally. The predicted fatigue life and the location of failure are in very good agreement with experimental observations.
Learning from the Commission case: The comparative study of management change in international public administrations
Authors: Ege Jörn
Published: August 2018

Despite the growing importance attributed to organizational performance in global governance, management change in international public administrations (IPAs) is still poorly understood. In particular, the lack of comparative analyses that cover a broader range of management areas limits our descriptive knowledge about the direction and intensity of management change in IPAs. Without such knowledge, however, refining existing theories about the causes and consequences of change is difficult. Based on the reforms of the European Commission, the article reviews available studies about managerial change in IPAs to identify pertinent topics, available knowledge and gaps in the literature. Aiming to narrow these gaps, empirical data on three IPAs are presented to show in which areas and to what degree the management changed over time in these cases and to illustrate how multi‐dimensional managerial change can be studied comparatively in future research more generally.
Ancient matter, new‐fashioned shapes: Time as object in Shackerley Marmion's The Antiquary
Authors: Gibbons Zoe
Published: August 2018

Shackerley Marmion's comedy The Antiquary (written 1635–36, printed 1641) presents two characters who waste time by measuring it. Veterano, the titular antiquary, spends his days idolizing his collection of ersatz artifacts; the fop Petrutio prizes his pocket watch because it allows him to ‘consume [his] hours’. Other early modern English authors criticized the vogue for pocket watches and the growing popularity of antiquarian study, but Marmion's originality lies in the connection he draws between the two trends: both Veterano and Petrutio value the material trappings of time over the actions that unfold within it. Through Petrutio, Marmion questions the role of technology in preventing idleness; through Veterano, he challenges the assumption that antiquarian study can produce smooth continuities between a troubled present and a nobler past. Though modern scholarship has neglected Marmion's small body of work, The Antiquary deserves further study as a portrait of the temporal concerns of Caroline England: youth and age; antiquity and horology; and the uses and abuses of time.
A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae)
Authors: Gough Harlan M. , Duran Daniel P. , Kawahara Akito Y. , Toussaint Emmanuel F.A.
Published: August 2018

Tiger beetles are a remarkable group that captivates amateur entomologists, taxonomists and evolutionary biologists alike. This diverse clade of beetles comprises about 2300 currently described species found across the globe. Despite the charisma and scientific interest of this lineage, remarkably few studies have examined its phylogenetic relationships with large taxon sampling. Prior phylogenetic studies have focused on relationships within cicindeline tribes or genera, and none of the studies have included sufficient taxon sampling to conclusively examine broad species patterns across the entire subfamily. Studies that have attempted to reconstruct higher‐level relationships of Cicindelinae have yielded conflicting results. Here, we present the first taxonomically comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Cicindelinae to date, with the goal of creating a framework for future studies focusing on this important insect lineage. We utilized all available published molecular data, generating a final concatenated dataset including 328 cicindeline species, with molecular data sampled from six protein‐coding gene fragments and three ribosomal gene fragments. Our maximum‐likelihood phylogenetic inferences recover Cicindelinae as sister to the wrinkled bark beetles of the subfamily Rhysodinae. This new phylogenetic hypothesis for Cicindelinae contradicts our current understanding of tiger beetle phylogenetic relationships, with several tribes, subtribes and genera being inferred as paraphyletic. Most notably, the tribe Manticorini is recovered nested within Platychilini including the generaAmblycheilaSay,OmusEschscholtz,PicnochileMotschulsky andPlatychileMacleay. The tribe Megacephalini is recovered as paraphyletic due to the placement of the monophyletic subtribe Oxycheilina as sister to Cicindelini, whereas the monophyletic Megacephalina is inferred as sister to Oxycheilina, Cicindelini and Collyridini. The tribe Collyridini is paraphyletic with the subtribes Collyridina and Tricondylina in one clade, and Ctenostomina in a second one. The tribe Cicindelini is recovered as monophyletic although several genera are inferred as para‐ or polyphyletic. Our results provide a novel phylogenetic framework to revise the classification of tiger beetles and to encourage the generation of focused molecular datasets that will permit investigation of the evolutionary history of this lineage through space and time.
Medical management of esophageal perforation secondary to esophageal foreign bodies in 5 dogs
Authors: Teh Helsa , Winters Lisa , James Fleur , Irwin Peter , Beck Catherine , Mansfield Caroline
Published: August 2018

Objective

To describe 5 cases of conservative management of substantial esophageal perforation in dogs.

Series Summary

Five dogs presented with an esophageal foreign body (EFB) and resultant esophageal perforation. Clinical signs at presentation included tachycardia, tachypnea, and increased respiratory effort. Thoracic radiography was performed in all cases, and in each case, pleural and mediastinal effusion was present, suggesting esophageal perforation prior to endoscope‐guided removal. A full thickness esophageal defect was visualized after foreign body removal in 4/5 cases. Treatment included IV crystalloid fluid therapy, IV antimicrobials, analgesia, and proton pump inhibitors in all cases. Two dogs had a percutaneous endoscopically placed gastrostomy feeding tube placed and 1 dog received prednisolone sodium succinate IV because of marked pharyngeal inflammation. Complications after EFB removal included pneumothorax (n = 2) and pneumomediastinum (n = 4). Four of the 5 dogs survived to discharge and did not have complications 2–4 weeks following discharge. One dog was euthanized as result of aspiration pneumonia following EFB removal.

New or Unique Information Provided

Traditionally, surgical management of esophageal perforations has been recommended. This can be a costly and invasive procedure and requires a high degree of surgical skill. In this report, conservative management of substantial esophageal perforation in 5 dogs is described; medical management may be a viable treatment option in dogs with perforation of the esophagus due to EFB.
Performance evaluation study of ID RHD XT, a new genotyping assay for the detection of high‐prevalence RhD negative and weak D types
Authors: Molano Araitz , Apraiz Izaskun , España Patricia , Azkarate Maria , Vesga Miguel Ángel , Rubia Montserrat , Piedrabuena Mercedes , Puente Fernando , Veldhuisen Barbera , van der Schoot Ellen , Tejedor Diego , López Mónica
Published: August 2018

Background and Objectives

Routine serologic D typing does not distinguish between weak D subtypes and partial D phenotypes. The goal of this study was to validate the performance of the ID RHD XT genotyping assay.

Material and Methods

Previously serotyped samples for D antigen (n = 1000; 16% weak D serotyped donors) were analysed. The reference methods used for comparison were licensed serology tests for D antigen phenotype, and bidirectional sequencing (BDS) for weak D type confirmation and HPA‐1 phenotype prediction. Discrepancies were solved with BDS and BLOODchip® Reference.

Results

There were no system failure, a 100% call rate and no inconclusive results. ID RHD XT correctly called all (88/88) weak D types 1, 2 and 3. Review of other 87 apparent discrepancies identified a small number of serology errors and showed that ID RHD XT correctly signalled the presence of other RHD variants which were further confirmed by BDS and BLOODchip® Reference. The predicted HPA‐1 phenotype by ID RHD XT was 100% concordant with BDS.

Conclusion

ID RHD XT genotype predictions for high‐prevalence RhD negative and weak D types 1, 2 and 3 as well as for HPA‐1a/HPA‐1b antigens were accurate, which is of clinical significance in guiding transfusion needs.
A Sensor System to Measure Force Applications of a Brace for Pectus carinatum
Authors: Bugajski Tomasz , Kondro Douglas , Murari Kartikeya , Ronsky Janet
Published: August 2018

Pectus carinatum (PC) presents itself as a protrusion on the chest wall of adolescent individuals. Current treatment for PC is performed with a Pectus carinatum orthosis (PCO) that applies a compressive force to the protrusion. While this treatment is accepted, the magnitude of compressive forces applied remains unknown leading to excessive or deficient compression. Although the need for this quantitative data is recognized, no studies reporting the data or methods are available. The purpose of this study was to design an accurate force measurement system (FMS) that could be incorporated into a PCO with minimal bulk. Components of the FMS were three-dimensional (3D)-printed and incorporated into an existing PCO design. The FMS was calibrated using a custom indenter that applied forces to the FMS in a controlled manner. Evaluation of the FMS on five human participants was also performed. A reliability measure of the FMS was calculated for analysis. The FMS was implemented into the PCO and able to withstand the applied forces. The calibration revealed an increase in load cell error with increased magnitude of applied force (mean error [SD] = 5.59 N [6.48 N]). Participants recruited to evaluate the FMS demonstrated reliable forces (R = 96%) with smaller standard deviations than those during the calibration. The FMS was shown capable of measuring PCO forces but requires further testing and improvement. This system is the foundational component in a wireless, minimalistic sensor system to provide real time force feedback to both the clinician and patient.
Wear Properties and Scuffing Resistance of the Cr–Al2O3 Coated Piston Rings: The Effect of Convexity Position on Barrel Surface
Authors: Ma Siqi , Chen Wenbin , Li Chengdi , Jin Mei , Huang Ruoxuan , Xu Jiujun
Published: August 2018

This work investigates the effect of convexity position of ring barrel surface on the wear properties and scuffing resistance of the Cr–Al2O3 coated piston rings against with the CuNiCr cast iron cylinder liner. The scuffed surface morphology and elements distribution as well as the oil film edge were analyzed to explore the influencing mechanism of the convexity position on the scuffing resistance. The results show that the convexity offset rate on the barrel surface of the ring has no noticeable influence on both friction coefficient and wear loss near the dead points, but a suitable convexity position will result in the improved scuffing resistance. The shape of the barrel face not only affects the worn area on the ring, but also determines the oil film wedge and pressure distribution, consequently influences the scuffing resistance.
Critics pan EPA plan for weighing toxic chemical risks
Authors: Zainzinger Vanessa
Published: August 2018

Guidance could allow regulators to exclude key studies, researchers argue.
Molecular Determinants of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Toxin Secretion and Delivery
Authors: Zhu Yuehui , Luo Qingwei , Davis Sierra M. , Westra Chase , Vickers Tim J. , Fleckenstein James M.
Published: August 2018

Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC), a heterogeneous diarrheal pathovar defined by production of heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) toxins, causes substantial morbidity among young children in the developing world. Studies demonstrating a major burden of ST-producing ETEC have focused interest on ST toxoids for ETEC vaccines.
Development and validation of nomogram based on SIRI for predicting the clinical outcome in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomas
Authors: Chen Yuan , Jiang Wenjie , Xi Dan , Chen Jun , Xu Guoping , Yin Wenming , Chen Junjun , Gu Wendong
Published: August 2018

The Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), based on peripheral lymphocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts, was recently investigated as a prognostic marker for several tumors. However, use of the SIRI has not been reported for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We evaluated the prognostic value of the SIRI in primary and validation cohorts. We also established an effective prognostic nomogram for NPC based on clinicopathological parameters and the SIRI. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined using the concordance index (C-index) and a calibration curve and were compared with tumor-node-metastasis classifications. Our Kaplan-Meier survival analysis results showed that the SIRI was associated with the overall survival of patients with NPC in the primary and validation cohorts. The SIRI was identified to be an independent prognostic factor for NPC. In addition, we developed and validated a new prognostic nomogram that integrated clinicopathological factors and the SIRI. This nomogram can efficiently predict the prognosis of patients with NPC. The SIRI is a novel, simple and inexpensive prognostic predictor for patients with NPC. The SIRI has important value for predicting the prognosis of patients with NPC and developing individualized treatment plans.
Gravitoelectromagnetic inflation and seeds of cosmic magnetic fields from geometrical Weyl-invariant scalar–tensor theory of gravity
Authors: Montes M. , Aguilar José Edgar Madriz , Granados V.
Published: August 2018

We investigate cosmological inflationary scenarios from a gravitoelectromagnetic theory. Our work is formulated in light of a recently introduced geometrical Weyl-invariant scalar–tensor theory of gravity, where the nature of both the electromagnetic potential and the inflaton field is attributed to the space–time geometry. We obtain a Harrison–Zeldovich power spectrum for quantum fluctuations of the inflaton field. In our model the electromagnetic fields also have a nearly scale-invariant power spectrum for a power-law inflation. We found that the seed magnetic fields have a nearly scale-invariant power spectrum and generate at the present time cosmic magnetic fields of the order ≲10−9 G, in good agreement with CMB observations.
Periphyton consumption by an invasive snail species is greater in simplified than in complex habitats
Authors: Tramonte Rafael Prandini , Osório Nicolli Cristina , Ragonha Flávio Henrique , Pinha Gisele Daiane , Rodrigues Liliana , Mormul Roger Paulo
Published: August 2018

Habitat complexity may stabilize consumer–resource interactions and reduce the probability of invasion in aquatic habitats. We tested the hypotheses that (i) higher habitat complexity reduces resource consumption independently of grazer species, but that (ii) invasive grazers have a greater influence on decreasing resources independently of habitat complexity. We performed an experiment using artificial substrates to simulate different complexity levels. We evaluated Melanoides tuberculata (O.F. Müller, 1774) and Aylacostoma chloroticum Hylton Scott, 1954 consumption of specific algal groups and the interaction between habitat complexity and grazer species. Moreover, we evaluated grazer activity on the different substrates during the experiment. The results support only the first hypothesis and indicate lower resource consumption on complex substrates compared with simpler substrates. Additionally, the effect of the grazing of the invasive species on taxon richness was greater in simplified than in complex habitats. The grazing activity on the substrate suggests a relationship between resource exploitation and habitat complexity in which the invasive grazing species visited the simple habitat less frequently. However, the effects of invasive grazers on food resources were higher on the simple substrate. The effects of grazing activity on food resources depend on the interaction between habitat complexity and grazer species. In this way, the introduction of an invasive species may have negative impacts on the structure and function of periphytic communities, mainly in simplified aquatic ecosystems.
The hydromechanical equilibrium state of poroelastic media with a static fracture: A dimension-reduced model with existence results in weighted Sobolev spaces and simulations with an XFEM discretization
Authors: Hanowski Katja K. , Sander Oliver
Published: August 2018

We introduce a coupled system of partial differential equations for the modeling of the fluid–fluid and fluid–solid interactions in a poroelastic material with a single static fracture. The fluid flow in the fracture is modeled by a lower-dimensional Darcy equation, which interacts with the surrounding rock matrix and the fluid it contains. We explicitly allow the fracture to end within the domain, and the fracture width is an unknown of the problem. The resulting weak problem is nonlinear, elliptic and symmetric, and can be given the structure of a fixed-point problem. We show that the coupled fluid–fluid problem has a solution in a specially crafted Sobolev space, even though the fracture width cannot be bounded away from zero near the crack tip. For numerical simulations, we combine XFEM discretizations for the rock matrix deformation and pore pressure with a standard lower-dimensional finite element method for the fracture flow problem. The resulting coupled discrete system consists of linear subdomain problems coupled by nonlinear coupling conditions. We solve the coupled system with a substructuring solver and observe very fast convergence. We also observe optimal mesh dependence of the discretization errors even in the presence of crack tips.
A 2-approximation algorithm for the contig-based genomic scaffold filling problem
Authors: Jiang Haitao , Qingge Letu , Zhu Daming , Zhu Binhai
Published: August 2018

The genomic scaffold filling problem has attracted a lot of attention recently. The problem is on filling an incomplete sequence (scaffold) [Formula: see text] into [Formula: see text], with respect to a complete reference genome [Formula: see text], such that the number of common/shared adjacencies between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is maximized. The problem is NP-complete, and admits a constant-factor approximation. However, the sequence input [Formula: see text] is not quite practical and does not fit most of the real datasets (where a scaffold is more often given as a list of contigs). In this paper, we revisit the genomic scaffold filling problem by considering this important case when a scaffold [Formula: see text] is given, the missing genes can only be inserted in between the contigs, and the objective is to maximize the number of common adjacencies between [Formula: see text] and the filled genome [Formula: see text]. For this problem, we present a simple NP-completeness proof, we then present a factor-2 approximation algorithm.
Connecting the Dots: Framing Employee-Driven Innovation in Open Innovation Contexts
Authors: Tirabeni Lia , Soderquist Klas Eric
Published: August 2018

This research identifies employment engagement practices applied in leading innovation-driven companies in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector. It specifically focusses on practices designed in order to enhance employees’ role in developing innovation in an open innovation (OI) context, leveraging digital communication and community tools. The operational integration between internal and external resources is to a large extent a cultural challenge where new competencies are required from employees. Employee-driven innovation (EDI) can be an important means supporting the transformation toward more OI models. Relying on a case-based methodology, we develop a conceptual framework of EDI practices in OI contexts. We highlight the benefits of involving all employees in innovation processes and show that such practices can perpetuate OI by supporting, enabling and even driving OI depending on the strategic intent of their implementation.
Hoffman’s conjectural identity
Authors: Hirose Minoru , Sato Nobuo
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we prove a family of identities among multiple zeta values, which contains as a special case a conjectural identity of Hoffman. We use the iterated integrals on [Formula: see text] for our proof.
Dynamically Determined Preferred Values and a Design-for-Testability Approach for Multiplexer Select Inputs under Functional Test Sequences
Authors: Pomeranz Irith
Published: August 2018

Earlier works observed that certain primary inputs have preferred values, which help increase the gate-level fault coverage when they appear in a functional test sequence. This article observes that multiplexers present additional opportunities for increasing the fault coverage of a functional test sequence, which are not captured by preferred primary input values. Because multiplexers are prevalent, their effect on the fault coverage can be significant. A static analysis that is independent of any functional test sequence is performed in this article to identify preferred values for the outputs of multiplexers. This is followed by a dynamic analysis that adjusts the select inputs of the multiplexers for a given functional test sequence to ensure that the preferred values appear on the outputs of the multiplexers more often. The analysis yields design-for-testability logic for the select inputs of the multiplexers that have preferred values. The logic is independent of the functional test sequence, and it allows the fault coverage to be increased when the select inputs are not primary inputs, or when the same select inputs are used for different multiplexers. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate that this approach has a significant effect on the fault coverage of functional test sequences.
Meteorological Satellites and Weather Reconnaissance Aircraft—Complementary Observing Systems1
Authors: Widger William K.
Published: August 2018

The development of aircraft weather reconnaissance techniques provided a method of obtaining meteorological data, especially from remote or data sparse regions, with a density of observations that would not be practicable using surface-based procedures. Similar capabilities have recently become available from a second type of platform—the meteorological satellite. Nevertheless, the advent of the meteorological satellite does not foreshadow the obsolescence of the weather reconnaissance aircraft. Rather, both the satellite and the aircraft have their own strengths and limitations; together, they provide a complementary capability for obtaining data of significance for both operational and research purposes.
the meteorological labors of Dove, Redfield and Espy
Authors: Bôcher Maxime
Published: August 2018

The development of synoptic meteorology in the nineteenth century was influenced to an appreciable extent by Dove, Redfield and Espy. This article attempts to assess the contribution of each of these pioneers and to contrast their approaches to synoptic meteorology.
the calibration of silver iodide generators
Authors: Grant Lewis O. , Steele Roger L.
Published: August 2018

The output of effective ice nuclei from silver iodide generators can vary by at least three to four orders of magnitude as a function of the type of generator device employed and its operational efficiency. A detailed consideration of each phase of the process of calibrating silver iodide generators shows that with care meaningful calibrations to within a factor of 1.5 are possible.

The repeatability of actual calibration experiments together with space closed volume experiments support the validity of generator testing procedures.
upper atmosphere investigations require coordinated approach
Authors: Teweles Sidney
Published: August 2018

The atmospheric layers from 60 to 200 km above the Earth's surface can be sounded only by expensive rocket-launched experiments, problematical indirect methods, or satellites in rapid orbital decay. Measurements of large-scale phenomena are masked by large amplitude perturbations, both aperiodic and tidal. Still the needs of the rapidly increasing traffic of aerospace vehicles through this region must be served. There is a growing requirement for meteorologists to apply their special skills to the analysis of the costly data now accumulating in substantial amounts from the mesosphere and lower thermosphere.
a retrospective view of Richardson's book on weather prediction*
Authors: Platzman George W.
Published: August 2018

In 1922 Lewis F. Richardson published a comprehensive numerical method of weather prediction. He used height rather than pressure as vertical coordinate but recognized that a diagnostic equation for the vertical velocity is a necessary corollary to the quasi-static approximation. His vertical-velocity equation is the principal, substantive contribution of the book to dynamic meteorology.

A comparison of Richardson's model with one now in operational use at the U. S. National Meteorological Center shows that, if only the essential attributes of these models are considered, there is virtually no fundamental difference between them. Even the vertical and horizontal resolutions of the models are similar.

Richardson made a forecast at two grid points in central Europe and obtained catastrophic results, in particular a surface pressure change of 145 mb in 6 hours. This failure resulted partly, as Richardson believed, from inadequacies of upper wind data. Underlying this was a more fundamental difficulty which he did not seem to recognize clearly at the time he wrote his book: the impossibility of using observed winds to calculate pressure change from the pressure-tendency equation, a principle stated many years earlier by Margules. However, he did point in the direction in which a remedy was later found: suppression or smoothing of the initial field of horizontal velocity divergence.

The 6-hr time interval used by Richardson violates the condition for computational stability, a constraint then unknown. It is sometimes said that this is one of the reasons his calculation failed, but that interpretation is misleading because the stability criterion becomes relevant only after several time steps have been made. Since Richardson did not go beyond a calculation of initial tendencies—in other words, he took only one time step—violation of the stability criterion had no effect on the result.

Richardson's book surely must be recorded as a major scientific achievement. Nevertheless, it appears to have had little influence in the decades that followed, and indeed, the modern development of numerical weather prediction, which began about twenty-five years later, did not evolve primarily from Richardson's work. Shaw said it would be misleading to regard the book as “a soliloquy on the scientific stage,” but in fact that is what it proved to be. The intriguing problem of explaining this strange irony is one that leads beyond the obvious facts that when Richardson wrote, computers were nonexistent and upper-air data insufficient.
new high altitude fast-rising balloon
Authors: Sharenow Moses
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the concept, design, and development of a novel type combination fast-rising, high-altitude meteorological balloon. The design consists of an inner high-altitude balloon and an outer streamline balloon. The assembly is so designed that it will ascend rapidly to approximately 50,000 ft. At this altitude, the streamline balloon bursts and falls away from the inner balloon. The inner balloon now, by virtue of its increased free lift, proceeds to accelerate at the upper level of flight, providing a faster ascent rate throughout most of the flight than that attainable by individual component balloons. The balloon provides an ascent rate in excess of 1700 ft min−1 in the daytime and 1600 ft min-1 at night to altitudes in excess of 100,000 ft.
A Rare Case of Brachial Artery Aneurysm Following Hemodialysis Fistula Ligation in a Transplanted Patient
Authors: Anastasiadou Christiana , Megalopoulos Angelos , Tasiopoulou Karmen , Intzos Vasileios
Published: August 2018

Aneurysmal arterial dilatation is an infrequent complication following arteriovenous fistula ligation. Herein, we are describing a case in which a 49-year-old transplanted patient developed a true, symptomatic, brachial artery aneurysm 25 years after transplantation and 12 years after ligation of his radiocephalic wrist fistula. Treating strategy included aneurysmectomy and reversed vein interposition using ipsilateral, dilated branch of cephalic vein. Two years postoperatively, the patient remains without complications. Moreover, we mention the pathophysiologic mechanisms that may have contributed to this phenomenon.
Korupsi di Parlemen
Authors: Latipah Latipah
Published: August 2018

Korupsi merupakan patologi sosial yang merusak struktur dan tatanan pemerintahan. Ia pun menjadi penghambat utama terhadap jalannya roda pemerintahan dan pembangunan suatu negara. Negara yang di dalam struktur pemerintahannya dikomandoi oleh pejabat yang koruptor, akan menghadapi keterpurukan ekonomi, yang imbasnya tidak hanya pada pembangunan negeri, tetapi juga pada kehidupan ekonomi masyarakat secara luas. DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v1i1.8199
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tenaga Kerja Indonesia
Authors: Nurhalimah Siti
Published: August 2018

Fenomena banyaknya pengangguran tak henti menjadi pembahasan negara, karena menjadi tugas pemerintah untuk menyediakan lebih banyak lapangan pekerjaan, demi memenuhi hak konstitusional warga negara sesuai dengan amanat ayat 2 pasal 28D UUD 1945 yang menyatakan bahwa “setiap orang berhak untuk bekerja serta mendapat imbalan dan perlakuan yang adil dan layak dalam hubungan kerja.” DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v1i1.8200
Motor activity of Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) during thermal selection: Peculiarities of search reactions in the non-uniform environment
Authors: Verbitsky V. B. , Poddubnaya N. Y. , Verbitskaya T. I.
Published: August 2018

We conducted a study of the peculiarities of the motor activity of juvenile and adult individuals of Daphnia magna in the process of thermal selection. On the example of Daphnia, we experimentally proved the assumption that the decrease in the motor activity of the ectotherms in the selected temperature range is a behaviour mechanism typical for thermal selection. The experiment was conducted on the offspring of one parthenogenetic female (pure line) of a laboratory culture maintained over several years at room temperature. The Daphnia individuals had been beforehand acclimated over several generations to 23.4 ºС, and then were placed in a thermogradient apparatus. The control individuals were maintained at room temperature. The final temperature preference was determined using the so-called "chronic" method, when the tested organisms are maintained in a thermogradient apparatus over several days. The positions of the Daphnia individuals were recorded daily during 24 days. As a parameter which would characterize the motor activity of Daphnia, we used the parameter of average relative shifting, which was calculated as a difference (in cm) between the position they were found in two sequential records, divided by time (in min) between these records. Over the first 3 days, in the conditions of the temperature gradient, the Daphnia mostly selected heightened temperatures (24–28 ºС). During the period from the 4th to 24th day, 74% of the Daphnia selected the range of 18–23 ºС and 85% – 17–24 ºС. Thus, the range of the ultimate selected temperatures decreased by 4 ºС compared to the initially selected temperatures and enlarged by 3 ºС towards the lower temperatures. In the thermogradient apparatus, the parthenogenetic females had the lowest value of the mean relative movement. In the control, at room temperature, this parameter of the adults was by 43% higher compared to the gradient. The pattern of the dynamic of the indicator in both variants of the experiment was similar for the periods and phases of fluctuations. With the juveniles the value of the parameter of mean relative shifting in the gradient was higher by 40% compared to the adult Daphnia, but close to the parameter of the adults in the control. We determined a relationship between the juveniles selecting the higher temperatures and higher mean relative shifting, which indicates a relationship between the behavioural selective reaction of juvenile Daphnia and general physiological condition of their organism. During the absence of the temperature gradient, the Daphnia were observed to show symmetry in their motor reaction. Occurrence of the asymmetry of the motor reaction of the Daphnia in the condition of the thermogradient, manifesting in the prevalence of shifting to lower or higher temperatures, can indicate more clearly manifested search reaction in the condition of a non-uniform environment.
The role of student construction squads in formation and organizational skills of Ukrainian youth
Authors: Malinina T. V.
Published: August 2018

The article analyzes the problem of formation of leadership skills of the students of higher educational institutions of Ukraine during their work in students’ building teams. As a result of the study, it was concluded that during the third working semester young people not only indurated their character, but also obtained valuable practical experience of production and work collectives management.
Engineering knowledge: philosophy and ponstructive meanig
Authors: Onoprienko V. I.
Published: August 2018

An expansion of information technologies in the world today is caused by progress of instrumental knowledge. It has been arisen a special technological area of knowledge engineering, which is related to practical rationality and experts’ knowledge for solving urgent problems of science and practice.
Kharkiv medical scientists at the battleground in Manchuria in 1904-1905
Authors: Robak І. Yu. , Il'in V. G.
Published: August 2018

The article considers the participation of the Kharkiv Medical Society members in the Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905, their contribution to the organization of a preventive and medical care at the front.
The Geologists Efimovy in the history of national science and higher education
Authors: Savchuk V. S.
Published: August 2018

The life path and activity of domestic scientists I. M. and A. F. Efimov are considered. The main milestones of their life path have been determined. The achievements of IM Efimov in the organization of higher education in Dnepropetrovsk, its role in the development of the activities of the Dnepropetrovsk State University and the Institute of Geology with him in the 1930s are clarified. The main directions of scientific activity and achievements of the family of geologists of the Efimovs are determined. Factors are analyzed, which caused the arrest of I. N. and A. F. Efimov and repression against them, as a consequence of the arrest. The fate of these scientists have been determined. Data on their lives and activities are clarified.