bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lombok earthquakes using DInSAR techniques based on Sentinel 1A data (case study: Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara)
Authors: Nurtyawan Rian , Yulanda Muhammad Fachri
Published: July 2020

On July 29th, 2018 there was an earthquake of 6.4 magnitude occurred in Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara. The repercussions of the earthquake cause the area to deform. Deformation refers to any changes in the shape and size of an object. Hence the purpose of this research is to measure the deformation cause by the aforementioned earthquake in Lombok. The deformation calculation is conduct by using the SAR data from Sentinel-1A Satellite Imagery (Interferometric Wide Swath (IW)) using DInSAR method. The effect of deformation cause by an earthquake in Lombok based on DInSAR method is -0.001 m up to -0.134 m with the average -0.026 m and the image coherence is 0.32, with the range for coherence is 0 to 1. The small value of coherence cause by the vegetation density within the research area. The vegetation density will affect the imagery coherence value due to its movement and development thus effecting the backscatter. Hence, the deformation data situate within the vegetation density area will result less accurate data.
The relationship between night time light and population in 2000 and 2015 in The Java Island
Authors: Putri Anika , Mukhtar Mutia Kamalia , Widyastuti Ratri , Manessa Masita Dwi Mandini , Supriatna  , Yoanna
Published: July 2020

Night time light may indicate that a region is well developed. The phenomena can DNB satellite imagery. The amount of reflected light can be attributed to many population activities and indicates the number of inhabitants in a region. Based on the purpose of this research is to analyze the dynamics of population growth in Java in 2000 and 2015 based on the brightness level of light at night. The method be seen from the sheer reflection of light at night that is received by the VIIRS-used is by a classification method of K-Means and a descriptive analysis. The results showed that as intensity level higher, the number of population is also higher. High-intensity categories generally occur in the provincial capital, and there are new cities that are developing and entering the high-intensity category as well.
Identification of Oil Palm Plantation on Multiscatter and Resolution of SAR Data Using Variety of Classifications Algorithm (Case Study: Asahan District, North Sumatera Province)
Authors: Darmawan S. , Carolita I. , Ananta E.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to find the best classification algorithm for determining the classification of oil palm plantation area on SAR data. This research begins with collecting primary data and secondary data, where primary data in the form of radar images include Sentinel-1, ALOS PALSAR, and TerraSAR-X images, while secondary data of palm oil age block data are used as a references derived from plantation agency of Indonesia and high resolution imagery, after that radiometric and geometric corrections, classification and accuracy assessment. The classification methods to be used are Parallelepiped, Maximum Likelihood, and Support Vector Machine. The results of this study is the Support Vector Machine algorithm has the highest overall accuracy value among the three methods used with 77.57% for TerraSAR-X, 86.18% for Sentinel-1 and 91.17% for ALOS PALSAR, The other results on this study are map of land cover for oil palm plantations in the district of Asahan, North Sumatra Province.
Acquisition programming integration of image satellites in LAPAN
Authors: Gumelar O , Hutapea D Y , Wahyuningsih S D , Dyatmika H S
Published: July 2020

Acquisition of satellites images programming become an important issue in LAPAN, due to inaccuracy in acquiring image location. Clouds and smokes cause the low quality of the image and also different time acquisition could make a different synoptic view between different sensor. Some integration of three kinds of sensor has to be created for achieving good location with a high quality image. The other reason why the integration needed that because there is still no research about it. This research aim is to get the best acquisition plan by using three different sensors mechanism like SPOT 6/7, Pleiades and Terra SAR-X. This integration also helps Indonesia government in achieving Government National Program.
Modelling of surface roughness on agriculture area using Radarsat-2 satellite
Authors: Nurtyawan Rian , Ferdiyanti Geta Ayu , Budiharto Agung , Wikantika Ketut
Published: July 2020

This research aims to model surface roughness for agricultural land using RADARSAT-2 satellite imagery. To obtain the model of surface roughness, the digital number of radar image are converted into backscattering coefficient and used as basis of surface roughness modeling. Furthermore, using the relationship between the backscattering coefficient, local incidence angle, and the wavelength was made initial models for surface roughness. The new equation that can model surface roughness on agricultural land is obtained by performing calibration between the value of the surface roughness from initial models and combinations of initials models with the value of surface roughness from field measurement that the equation resulted y=-591987x5+(9.106)x4-(6.107)x3+(2.108)x2-(3.108)x+(2.108) with RMSE value = 0.31 cm, where y is the value of surface roughness modeled (cm) and x is the surface roughness value of the combination of initial models used during the calibration process (cm). The combination of HV, VH polaristation and local incident angle (h0HV+h0VH)x cos ϴ produces a correlation value (R2) = 0.804.
Evaluation of atmospheric correction algorithms for Sentinel-2 over paddy field area
Authors: Ulfa Kurnia , Hendayani  , Oktavia Masnita Indriani , Pradono Kuncoro Adi , Fibriawati Liana , Muchsin Fadila , Candra Danang Surya , Damanik Kiki Winda Veronica
Published: July 2020

Atmospheric correction is essential in satellite data processing to reduce atmospheric and lighting effects by studying the physical parameter of the earth’s surface. In this study, ATCOR and 6S algorithms were evaluated for Sentinel-2 over paddy field area. In this evaluation, level-1C Top of Atmosphere (TOA) Sentinel-2 image was used as an input data. The spectral pattern analysis of the results was used to assess the reliability of the methods. As a result, the both methods produced the correct spectral patterns. Moreover, the results showed that the longer the wavelength the less the improvement values. It starts from the blue band, 43,2% for the fallow phase and 60% for the vegetative phase of BOA corrected image. In the other hand, the NDVI values of fallow and vegetative phases that derived from the two methods are not greatly different.
Application of interferometric SAR using Sentinel-1A for flood monitoring in South of Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Jefriza  , Lateh Habibah , Yusoff Izham Mohammad , Abir Ismail Ahmad , Syahreza Saumi , Razi Pakhrul , Rusdi Muhammad
Published: July 2020

An updated information of flood mapping that recently occurred in South Sulawesi is an important necessity for site policy makers. Mapping of flood area during or soon after the flooding event is tremendous hardwork. However using active-remote sensing namely InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) technique can overcome these limitatations. To achieve it, at least two radar images have to be obtained which is 1 image before and 1 image during/after flood event. We selected 2 images Sentinel-1A GRD (Ground Range Detected) data for the same pass direction and the same time acquisitation with polarization VH (Vertical-Horizontal), 12 days of temporal baseline. The images were then processed by SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform) Toolbox. The results show that Sentinel-1A succeeded in detecting and monitoring flood event, where inundated of water in Tallo River is clearly visible in VH polarization.
SAR Sentinel-1: mitigation strategies for earth’s surface displacements in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Jefriza  , Lateh Habibah , Yusoff Izham Mohamad , Abir Ismail Ahmad , Syahreza Saumi , Razi Pakhrul , Rusdi Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Gayo plateau, Aceh-Indonesia is an urbanized areas affected by tectonic phenomena due to the presence of the Great Sumatran Fault, which extends from the north in Aceh to the south in Lampung. This area was affected by strong seismic phenomena (Gayo plateau earthquake on 2 July 2013, MW 6.3) which induced landslide and deformation. InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) application using Sentinel-1 times series with Terrain Observation Progressive Scans (TOPS) mode has permitted a short acquisition repetition cycle, an extremely large coverage, a high spatial resolution with respect to the covered area and a small baseline separation particularly suited for interferometry application. All of those characteristics suggest an intensive exploitation of these data through the use of the interferometry technology and in particular the stacking interferometry for monitoring ground surface displacement. Persistent Scatterer (PS) and Quasi – PS (Q-PS) techniques were used in this research. The results of PS, Q-PS and combination of both techniques with ascending and descending of Sentinel-1A were presented in this paper. The SARPROZ software which PS and Q-PS technique seems to be the best candidate for this application relative to the morphology and large extension of the Lut Tawar Lake in the Gayo plateau. SAR images since 2017 were downloaded over the Lut Tawar Lake. This allows taking into measures for seismic hazard mitigation widely in Gayo plateau. Based on the result processing the Gayo Plateau is movement with 20 mm/year.
GIS-based study of groundwater monitoring of villages, Karhe Region, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Navale Vaishali , Mhaske Sumedh
Published: July 2020

This paper examines that, in the current pilot study 10 groundwater samples from 2017 to 2019 from dug wells were collected by making waypoint location of each sample by using GPS-essential receiver. The hydrological data are collected for two seasons such as dry season and wet season this study called the Double Water Table Fluctuation method. The WTF method in the dry season gives the specific yield and wet season gives the rainfall recharge. In the study area, the water table level is near about below 8m from the ground surface. The Pre-monsoon water-table level is monitored during the month March and Post-monsoon level is monitored during the month of July, etc. Groundwater presence dependence upon characteristics of terrain along with structural Geology, Geomorphology and LU/LC of the area. This study is useful for water management to local authority and farmers for irrigation purpose. The Groundwater recharge in the study area is decreased due to declines in rainfall and return flow to Groundwater from Irrigation and less pressure of surface water body. The groundwater recharge is more during the dry seasons because of more backflow from Irrigation during the Pre-monsoon seasons. The Thematic map of the study area is prepared by using Arc GIS 10.4 software.
The Implementation of Road Evaluation and Monitoring System at The City Road Conditions
Authors: Daniyati Martri , Setyawan Ary , Pramesti F. Pungky , Setyawan Bayu
Published: July 2020

The rapid development of new city road infrastructure causes the ignorance of Indonesian people to think about maintaining road infrastructure that has been built. This is indicated by the weak effort in maintaining road infrastructure by the agency, for example: the absence of a good historical record of a road section when it was started to be built until it is maintained, there is no continuity and integration in recording the history of road segments. It is needed an action to solve problems by forming a road maintenance management system. This research involves two types of primary data consisting of system framework data and case study data. The first serves as a determinant of the direction of computer programming logic that can function as a blueprint for the process of storing, processing and presenting case study data, while case study data is factual field data obtained by conducting a direct survey on four city streets, namely, Joko Tingkir street, Monginsidi street, Ir. Juanda and Kyai Mojo street. All damage images, type and segment coordinates of the field are recorded using the Road maintenance and Monitoring System application (REMS). The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) value of each road section are displayed and generated by the Android REMS application will be then processed to determine the maintenance and rehabilitation great strategy.
The effect of vehicle speed on the stiffness modulus of conventional asphalt and bioasphalt
Authors: Putra R A S S , Setyawan A , Pramesti F P
Published: July 2020

Stiffness modulus is the ratio between stress and strain found in a layer. The value of the stiffness modulus is related to the performance of the layer in bearing the load. High modulus of stiffness makes the asphalt mixture stiff and resistant to deformation, while a decrease in the modulus of stiffness will make the pavement layer vulnerable to crack. The purpose of this study was to analysis the characteristic differences between damar asphalt mixture and conventional asphalt mixture in term of the stiffness of asphalt mixtures due to the variations in vehicle speed at the specified temperature. Speed variations are 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kph and the temperature reference are 20 and 40°C. Data analysis is performed by comparing the stiffness values of damar asphalt mixtures and conventional asphalt mixture. The results of this study indicate that damar asphalt mixes are more resistant to changes in temperature and vehicle speed than conventional asphalt.
The Assessment of Physical Condition of Delingan Dam in 2019 as an Evaluation on Dam Maintenance
Authors: Augusto Erhar , Ikhsan Cahyono , Hadiani Rintis
Published: July 2020

For operating and maintaining dam activities, there is an activity serving the main function, The Assessment of Dam Condition to make it the main building well-monitored and maintained. In addition to having many advantages, dam also hides a big potential hazard. For the dam to function maximally, good maintenance and evaluation are required. Delingan Dam in Karanganyar Regency was constructed by Dutch Government since 1920. This research employed case study approach to evaluate the physical condition of dam for Delingan Dam at 2019. This research aimed to excuse the physical condition of dam, viewed from the component dam body so that component weight is assumed to be 100%. The method employed in this research was descriptive qualitative one. The result of physical assessment of Delingan Dam body obtained score of 91.63%, indicating that the physical condition of Delingan Dam in 2019 is good (condition score o >90% - 100% and damage level < 10%). To maintain physical condition of Delingan dam, it is recommended to operate and to maintain the dam maximally.
Characterization and performance of low cost amendments to immobilize lead in contaminated soil
Authors: Himawan  , Setyono P , Suntoro S , Rahardjo Sentot B
Published: July 2020

Immobilization is a method of remediation to reduce lead (metals) mobility by soil amendments to prevent from uptaking of plant roots and ground water contamination. This research aims to produce, characterize, and assess the efficacy of low cost solid amendments in immobilizing lead in naturally contaminated soil. Biochars [produced from chicken manure (CM), chicken bone (CB), farmyard manure (FM)] and bioslurry (BS) were characterized with FTIR, SEM, and XRF. Amended soils were incubated and sequentially extracted prior to Pb measurement with AAS. Chars were made by pyrolysis at 450°C for 90 minutes. Characterization data from FTIR showed that all amendments had similar spectra showing the existence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, C=C, C-H, C-O-C groups in the amendments. SEM images showed porous structure of the chars having pores diameter between 1.95 and 13.4 μm. XRF spectra revealed that dominant elements possessed by amendments were Ca, Na, Si (BS & FM), and P (TA & CM). The immobilization study showed that performance order from the most effective was CB > CM > FM > BS. Chicken bone biochar (CB) was the best amendment which immobilized up to 79.71% Pb and remediated soil from very high contamination-moderate risk into low contamination-low environmental risk status.
FTIR, SEM and Micro-CT Scan results of biocomposite scaffold characteristics
Authors: Dahlan K , Asra D Y , Sari Y W
Published: July 2020

CHA/PVA/Alginate based biocomposite scaffolds have been successfully synthesized by using freeze drying methods. Carbonated hydroxyapatite or CHA powder was firstly synthesized using calcium from chicken eggshells, phosphate acid, and sodium carbonates as starting materials. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been chosen in this experiment to reinforce the mechanical properties of the CHA/alginate scaffolds. The alginate concentrations of 3%, 4%, and 5% were used as porosifiers and CaCl2 was added as a crosslink agent. Properties of the biocomposite were characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) Scanner. FTIR results of the scaffolds show spectra corresponding to functional groups of CHA, PVA, and alginate which include O-H, C-O, C = O, C = C, O-Na, P-O and P = O. The morphology of the scaffolds was evaluated by SEM and clearly shows many interconnectivity pores with the values range from 4.92 to 28.48 μm which are sufficient for osteoblast cells to grow. The EDX results show that the scaffolds contain Ca, P, C, O, Na, Cl, and S with the Ca/P ratio ranges from 1.81 to 2.67. Porosity of the scaffolds was measured by micro-CT scanner presenting the range of 25.86% to 42.74%. These scaffolds reveal good prospects for bone substitute application.
Studies on the Optical and Morphology Properties of DN-F01 Dye Hybrid Black Rice and Ag Metal as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) Transparent
Authors: Diyanahesa N E-H , Supriyanto A , Ramelan A H , bin Ahmad M Khairul , Nurosyid F , Wahyuningsih S , Cari C
Published: July 2020

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) is a set of solar cells based on photoelectrocomia, which involves the transfer of electric charge from one phase to another. This research aims to determine the optical and photoelectric properties of DN-F01 dye hybrid black rice and Ag metal as DSSC transparent. TiO2(DN-E0P3) was used which was coated on a conductive glass through a spin coating technique and as a photon absorbent was used DN-F01 dye with combination of DN-F01 dye hybrid anthocyanin dye from extracts black rice and DN-F01 dye doped Ag metal. Characterization of glass substrate that has been coated with TiO2 using FESEM and EDS where with FESEM tools it is seen that TiÜ2 on the surface of the glass is more evenly distributed and from EDS it is found that the dominant substance found on the glass surface is Ti. In the absorption of UV-VIS light characterization it is known that combination of DN-F01 dye can absorb the spectrum of light at wavelengths around 400-800 nm. When solar cells are illuminated with sunlight, solar cells can convert solar energy into electrical energy. The voltage, electric current, and highest efficiency produced by DSSC with optimizing the combination of DN-F01 dyes is DN-F01 hybrid Ag metal that is 805 mV, 1,234 μॅ and 2,145%.
Facile and rapid synthesis of tetrakis-2-amino-5-methylpyridinecopper(II) chloride pentahydrate
Authors: Syaima H , Rahardjo S B , Suryanti V
Published: July 2020

Pyridine and its derivatives are important compounds with tremendous applications. Pyridine derivatives, such as aminopyridine, have been widely investigated concerning their biological activity. It is reported that generally biological activities of the compound increased after complexation. Tetrakis-2-amino-5-methylpyridinecopper(II) chloride pentahydrate has been synthesized facilely in less than five minutes. It was formed by mixing CuCl2-2H2O and 2-amino-5-methylpyridine in 1:4 mole ratio in ethanol at room temperature. The complex was characterized to determine its proposed empirical formula and the structure. The forming of the complex was indicated by shifting of maximum wavelength (Amax) of UV-Vis spectra towards smaller than CuCl2-2H2O from 850 nm to 675 nm. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) measurement showed the content of copper to be 9.63 % corresponding to the theoretical value of copper content in Cu(2-amino-5-methylpyridine)4Cl2(H2O)x (x= 4, 5, or 6). Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA-DSC) showed a mass reduction of 13.02 % which was equivalent to the evaporation of five molecules of lattice water. The cation and anion charge ratio of the complex was 2:1. This four coordinated-complex was paramagnetic with an effective magnetic moment of 1.83 BM. The proposed empirical formula of the complex was [Cu(2-amino-5-methylpyridine)4]Cl2-5H2O.
Electrosynthesis of hydroxyapatite by multiple electrode arrangement
Authors: Salsabila T , Widiyastuti W , Setyawan H
Published: July 2020

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is a ceramic biomaterial which has high biocompatibility that makes it popular in the biomedical application as it can attach on human body without rejection by human immune system. Hydroxyapatite can be synthesized by various methods; one of them is electrochemical method. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite has been successfully conducted by electrochemical method using one pair of electrodes. However, the yield of hydroxyapatite produced by this pair of electrode was still low. To address those issue this research proposed synthesis of hydroxyapatite using multiple electrodes in different arrangements to improve the yield of the reaction, which were conventional and alternating arrangements. The potential value was fixed on 6 V to study the effect of electrodes arrangement on current density. Electrosynthesis of hydroxyapatite showed that multiple electrodes on alternating arrangement produced more hydroxyapatite mass and current density than the conventional arrangement. The alternating arrangement produced hydroxyapatite mass of 2.3483 g and current density of 19.32 mA/cm2, while the conventional arrangement produced 2.3157 g and 15.05 mA/cm2.
Antihypercholesterolemia activities of red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale Roxb. var rubrum) on wistar rats
Authors: Nirvana S Jovita , Widiyani T , Budiharjo A
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the phenolic content of red ginger, determine the effect on lipid profile and body weight. Total phenolic levels were measured by using UV/Vis spectrophotometry with theFolin-Ciocalteaureagent, at absorbance 760 nm wavelength. Hypercholesterolemia rat lipid profile was conductedin vivoby using a kit fromDyasis. Data was analyzed statistically withTwo Way ANOVA. Rats were divided into 5 treatment groups with different of red ginger extract (0, 200, 350, 500 mg/kg bw, and simvastatin 7.2 mg/kg bw). Before the treatment of red ginger extract or simvastatin, rats were induced a high fat diet for 28 days. The treatment of red ginger extract and simvastatin were carried out for 2 weeks. The phenolic content of red ginger extract is 5194.15 ± 264.1 μg/g. The results ofin vivotest showed that red ginger extract had a significant effect on lipid profile and body weight changes in hyperlipidemia rats at dose 200 mg/kg bw. Doses 200 mg/kg bw is not significantly different (p>0.05) to positive control group (simvastatin 7.2 mg/kg bw). Total cholesterol levels decreases 47.9%, LDL 32.7% and triglycerides 64.3% and HDL increases 25.8%.
Comparison of blasting cream anadara granosa with mytilus viridis in white rat skin(rattus novergicus)
Authors: Ariyanti Ariyanti , Masruriati Eni , Tyas Sulistyani Mardaning , Khasanah Khilya Aulia Nur
Published: July 2020

Collagen is the result of determination from chitosan blood shells (Anadara granosa) and green shells (Mytilus viridis). Previous research, extraction was carried out to obtain collagen. The yield of collagen produced is 2.03% with a concentration of acetic acid 0.75 M. Collagen can penetrate the main components of the dermis skin layer (the bottom of the epidermis) made by fibroblast cells. Based on the results of previous studies, the collagen produced will be made into a dosage form so that it can be better utilized. Based on the description above, researchers are interested in comparing blood clam shells and green mussel shells with a study entitled the comparison of physical test blasting creams of Anadara granosa with green shells Mytilus viridis against the skin of male white rats. Laboratory experimental research using a post test control design research design in the form of post only design which is divided into 5 treatment groups with each group consisting of 5 male white rats. The negative control group by giving a base cream and the test group by giving blasting cream Anadara granosan with Mytilus viridis concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The parameter observed was skin moisture level. The results of statistical analysis using the ANOVA test. The results of this study are blasting cream Anadara granosa and Mytilus viridis can provide a moisturizing effect on rat skin. The most optimal concentration as a moisturizing effect on rat skin is a concentration of 25%
Inhibition Of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Factors Expression Regulated By Quorum Sensing System Using Ethyl Acetate Extract Of Temu Ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa)
Authors: Pangastuti A , Sari SL Arum , Nugraheni ER , Astuti RT
Published: July 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that can cause serious problem in immunocompromised persons. Difficulty in treating P. aeruginosa infection is due to its abilities to develop multi drug resistence towards various antibiotic. Quorum sensing system is a potential target for P. aeruginosa infection because this system regulate the expression of virulence factors in this bacteria. In previous study, ethyl acetate extract of Temu Ireng rhizomes (Curcuma aeruginosa) was proved to inhibit quorum sensing in Chromobacterium violaceum. This study was aim to know the effect of C. aeruginosa extract towards expression of P. aeruginosa virulence factors which were regulated by quorum sensing, such as protease LasA activities, LasB and biofilm formation. Protease LasA activity assay was conducting using Staphylococcus aureus cell lysis activity. Protease LasB activity was measured by elastin congo red assay, and the formation of biofilm was monitored using PVC biofilm formation assay method. The result showed that ethyl acetate extract of C. aeruginosa rhizomes can decrease P. aeruginosa virulence controlled by quorum sensing, namely protease LasA, LasB, and biofilm formation by 66.92%, 37.8%, and 46% respectively.
The Effectiveness of Zeolite/Claystone/Activated Charcoal Composite in Reducing Levels of Mercury (Hg) in the Waste Resulting from the Activities of Unlicensed Gold Mining (PETI) in Sintang
Authors: Hatmoko Dwi Rizaldi , Ramelan Ari Handono , Pranoto
Published: July 2020

Research on zeolite/clay/activated charcoal composites as Hg heavy metal adsorbents has been carried out. Zeolite and clay were previously activated using NaOH while activated charcoal was activated using HCl. The adsorbent characterization was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared Analyzer (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and mercury levels using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Hg metal adsorption experiments were carried out by varying the composition of zeolite / claystone / activated charcoal. The location of the study was in Gold Mining without Permit (PETI) in the Kapuas Sub-watershed, Ulak Jaya Village, Sintang. The results showed that zeolite / claystone / activated charcoal succeeded in reducing mercury levels in mining waste.
The assessment of claystone, quartz and coconut shell charcoal for adsorbing heavy metals ions in acid mine drainage
Authors: Mukarrom F , Pranoto  , Karsidi R , Gravitiani E , Astuti F , Maharditya W
Published: July 2020

This research aims to determine the assessment of claystone, quartz and coconut shell charcoal for adsorbing heavy metals ions in acid mine drainage. Claystone is activated by using NaOH 3M, quartz sand is activated by using Na2CO3, while coconut shell charcoal is activated with HCl 4M. The adsorbent characterization was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Analyzer (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results of the characterization of claystone FTIR showed the presence of active groups of silanol (Si-OH) and aluminol (Al-OH), XRD claystone characterization showed the presence of montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite and quartz minerals. While the results of FTIR characterization of quartz sand showed the presence of active groups of silanol (Si-OH) and siloxan (Si-O-Si), XRD characterization of quartz sand showed the presence of quartz mineral content. Furthermore, coconut shell charcoal showed the presence of hydroxyl (OH) and carboxyl active groups. (COOH) which is known from FTIR analysis as well as the mineral content of cristobalite, fayalite and manganoan which are known from XRD analysis. From the results of the FTIR and XRD analysis, it can be concluded that the three adsorbents have the potential as adsorbents. So that they can be used as an acid mine water absorber.
Fabrication of silver-chitosan nanocomposite films and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Susilowati E , Maryani  , Ashadi  , Marwan
Published: July 2020

The silver-chitosan nanocomposite film fabrication was carried out by the preparation of silver nanoparticles using chemical reduction methods assisted with microwave irradiation with chitosan as a reducing agent as well as a stabilizer. Silver nitrate is used as a precursor and NaOH as an accelerator. Silver-chitosan nanocomposite colloids were converted into films by casting techniques at the room temperature. Based on UV-Visible spectra, colloidal nanocomposites show absorption peak at the range of 409-412 nm. Based on TEM images, the silver nanoparticles are spherical shaped and distributed with a diameter of 6-10 nm. Based on FTIR spectra, interactions between silver nanoparticles and chitosan occur in the hydroxyl group (-OH) and amine group (-NH) of the chitosan polymer chain. Based on SEM images, the silver-chitosan nanocomposite films show a compact but rough surface morphology. The increase in tensile strength and decrease in elongation at break of the film was in line with the increase in the concentration of silver nitrate, while the value of the elasticity of the film fluctuates depending on the tensile strength and elongation at break. The increasing concentration of silver nitrate also causes an increase in the degree of swelling. silver-chitosan nanocomposite films showed better antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli than Staphylococcus aureus.
Study of Adsorption-Desorption Au(III) Using Imprinted Ionic Material (SiO2 (RHA-BGS)-TMPDT-Au-Imp)
Authors: Prasetyaningrum F R , Hastuti S , Wahyuningsih S , Martini T
Published: July 2020

Research on the adsorption of desorption of Au (III) metal using imprinted ionic SiO2 (RHA-BGS) -TMPDT-Au-Imp material has been carried out.

In this research, silica source (SiO2) from rice husk ash (RHA) and bagasse (BGS) was modified through imprinted ionic technique. Adsorption studies include variations in concentration and selectivity while desorption studies include time variations. Furthermore, the adsorption and desorption processes were characterized using FTIR. The results of the adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm model with an adsorption capacity of 981,672 mg/g. The adsorption selectivity shows that the imprinted ionic material (SiO2(RHA-BGS)-TMPDT-Au-Imp) is more selective than the material without imprinted ionic (SiO2 (RHA-BGS) –TMPDT). The order of selectivity is Au(III)/Zn(II)> Au(III)/Fe(III)> Au(III)//Cu(II). Study of desorption kinetics Au(III) followed the zero order kinetics. The results of the FTIR show that there are still O-H, C-H and -NH groups. This indicates the imprinted ionic material (SiO2(RHA-BGS)-TMPDT-Au-Imp) is not damaged.
The Degree of Lithium (Li) Stability Compared To Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) From Low Lithium Grade Brine Water with Addition of Limestone and Oxalic Acid
Authors: Firdiyono F. , Lalasari Latifa Hanum , Tarmizi Ermiziar , Sulistiyono Eko , Andriyah Lia , Arini Tri , Natasha Nadia C. , Yunita Fariza E.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether lithium was precipitated along with the removal of Ca and Mg elements from brine water using limestone and oxalic acid. The first stage was Mg removal by adding CaO at room temperature for 3 hours. The second stage was the Ca removal by adding oxalic acid at a ratio of 2; 3; 4; 5; 10; 15; 20; 30; and 40 ml / 100 ml brine water and pH : 0, 1, and 4 at room temperature for 3 hours. The results showed the most optimal addition of CaO was 20 gr/1 l of brine water with the Mg element can be removed above 99 %, while Li was only reduced by about 1 ppm, and the Ca content only increased by around 28 ppm. The use of oxalic acid will also reduce the amount of lithium besides the Ca removal in the form a precipitate of calcium oxalate. The use of oxalic acid at pH 0 and 4 would reduce the Li content more than at pH 1. At the use of oxalic acid up to 40 ml at pH 1, brine water still contained about 78% Li element.
Anti fouling coating characterization with purified Zirconia from West Kalimantan Zircon Sand for Boiler application
Authors: Lestari Yulinda , Zulfia Anne , Krisnaputra Radhian , Satiti Nareswari Novita , Sulistiyono Eko , Mabruri Efendi
Published: July 2020

Zircon sand is a mineral material for zirconia purification which can be found in Indonesia. Zirconia has various functions, one of the function applied at Boiler high temperatures. The low coefficient of zircon thermal expansion indicates high thermal shock and spalling resistance. In this study, zirconia comes from Kalimantan zircon sand was applied to an anti-fouling coating. The purified zirconia is compared with zircon sand and synthetic zirconia. The purified zirconia yields a 82.48% Zr content, compared to the zircon sand has 70.85% Zr content and 89.43% in synthetic zirconia. The substrate used for coating is ferritic steel. The coating method uses a brush coating then sintered at a temperature of 400°C and 800°C. Coatings that contained purified zirconia have a rougher surface compared to coatings that contained zircon sand and synthetic zirconia. It is because the zirconia powder granules produced have a larger size. The microstructure also shows the surface of the coating with zirconia from the purification has a tenuous structure with large granules. It shows further treatment is needed in the purification of zirconia so that the grain size is homogeneous when applied to the coating.
Dissolution of quartz sand in sodium hydroxide solution for producing amorphous precipitated silica
Authors: Febriana E , Manurung U A B , Prasetyo A B , Handayani M , Muslih E Y , Nugroho F , Sulistiyono E , Firdiyono F
Published: July 2020

This research studied the dissolution of quartz sand in sodium hydroxide solution as an effort to form silica precipitate. The dissolution process was carried out using the leaching method directly at atmospheric pressure. The process variables in this study included the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, temperature, dissolution time, and stirring rate. The four process variables had a positive influence to enhance silica precipitate formation, The result showed that the extraction rate was still low even though the SiO2 concentration in the starting material was very high. Temperature provided the most significant influence among other process variables. The result exhibited that silica precipitate content was 13.6% obtained in the optimum condition at a temperature of 90 °C with a stirring speed of 800 rpm using a 7.5 M of sodium hydroxide solution.
Pitting Corrosion Resistance of CA6NM and 410 Martensitic Stainless Steels in Various Environments
Authors: Mabruri E , Sigit H M , Anwar M S , Prasetyo M A , Nikitasari A , Fretes A De
Published: July 2020

Pitting corrosion is an importance phenomena in power generation steam turbine, as it is one of the main causes for blade failure, particularly in the last row of low pressure blading. In this work, the pitting corrosion resistance of the widely used blading alloy of wrought 410 stainless steel and that of the candidate alloy of cast CA6NM stainless steel were investigated. Cyclic polarization measurements for all samples were conducted in simulated solution of thermal and geothermal power plants. The experimental results show that the pitting potentials of the cast CA6NM steel were higher compared to those of the wrought 410 steel in all simulated solution. Both steels exhibited higher pitting potentials in CO2 containing simulated geothermal water than those in the other solutions. These results were correlated with microstructure of the steels observed by Scanning Eectron Microscope (SEM).
A novel method to study the twist dynamics in chiral nematic liquid crystals by texture analysis
Authors: Suryantari R , Flaviana
Published: July 2020

We have experimentally studied the twist dynamics as a function of temperatures in chiral nematic liquid crystals by applying texture analysis to the image data observed by polarized light microscopy. These microscopic textures are analyzed using MATLAB software. The irregularity of texture at different temperatures observed by statistical parameter such as entropy indicate the changes of director orientation. Moreover, the changes in textural as a function of temperatures are useful to investigate the order parameter values of chiral nematic liquid crystals also to predict the behavior of twist dynamics. The order parameter values of the samples at different temperatures are obtained based on images intensity along twist-line using simple calculation then the behavior of twist dynamics are visualized. The study of dynamics of twist mode chiral nematic liquid crystals is important to observe the electro-optic effect in display technology or other applications.
Implementation of a chemotherapy stewardship process
Authors: Hennes Emily R , Reed Michael , Mably Mary , Jared Jason , Bergsbaken Jason J , Deming Dustin , Callander Natalie , O’Regan Ruth
Published: July 2020

Purpose

To design and implement a chemotherapy stewardship process to optimize the location of chemotherapy administration in an effort to decrease the number of inappropriate inpatient anticancer regimen administrations and decrease institutional costs associated with inpatient administration.

As the costs of anticancer agents continue to rise, it is crucial that multidisciplinary efforts are aimed at managing anticancer medication utilization; this is especially important for high-cost medications, medications whose use requires increased monitoring due to safety concerns, and medications that do not exert effects quickly and, as such, can be more appropriately administered in the outpatient setting. It is imperative that pharmacists play a role in managing chemotherapy medication utilization, as pharmacists provide expertise in formulary management, a vast knowledge of financial impact and reimbursement processes, and clinical knowledge that can help predict the expected effectiveness and adverse effects of each anticancer regimen. Our institution sought to develop and implement a multidisciplinary chemotherapy stewardship program targeting the optimization of site of anticancer agent administration with a goal of decreasing both cost and inappropriate utilization of high-cost, high-risk anticancer agents.

Conclusion

Implementation of a chemotherapy stewardship service may decrease the number of inappropriate inpatient anticancer regimen administrations and decrease inpatient resource use, thereby decreasing costs to institutions. The concept of a chemotherapy stewardship process was well received by multidisciplinary healthcare colleagues, and a collaborative approach should be used to design and implement such processes.
Impact of interoperability of smart infusion pumps and an electronic medical record in critical care
Authors: Joseph Roy , Lee Sang Weon , Anderson Scott V , Morrisette Matthew J
Published: July 2020

Purpose

To describe the benefits of smart infusion pump interoperability with an electronic medical record (EMR) system in an adult intensive care unit (ICU) setting.

In order to assess the impact of smart infusion pump and EMR interoperability, we observed whether there were changes in the frequency of electronic medication administration record (eMAR) documentation of dose titrations in epinephrine and norepinephrine infusions in the ICU setting. As a secondary endpoint, we examined whether smart pump/EMR interoperability had any impact on the rate of alerts triggered by the dose-error reduction software. Pharmacist satisfaction was measured to determine the impact of smart pump/EMR interoperability on pharmacist workflow. In the preimplementation phase, there were a total of 2,503 administrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine; 13,299 rate changes were documented, for an average of 5.31 documented rate changes per administration. With smart pump interoperability, a total of 13,024 rate changes were documented in association with 1,401 administrations, for an average of 9.29 documented rate changes per administration (a 74.9% increase). A total of 1,526 dose alerts were triggered in association with 76,145 infusions in the preimplementation phase; there were 820 dose alerts associated with 48,758 autoprogammed infusions in the postimplementation phase (absolute difference, –0.32%). ICU pharmacists largely agreed (75% of survey respondents) that the technology provided incremental value in providing patient care.

Conclusion

Interoperability between the smart pump and EMR systems proved beneficial in the administration and monitoring of continuous infusions in the ICU setting. Additionally, ICU pharmacists may be positively impacted by improved clinical data accuracy and operational efficiency.
Demystifying artificial intelligence in pharmacy
Authors: Nelson Scott D , Walsh Colin G , Olsen Casey A , McLaughlin Andrew J , LeGrand Joseph R , Schutz Nick , Lasko Thomas A
Published: July 2020

Purpose

To provide pharmacists and other clinicians with a basic understanding of the underlying principles and practical applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medication-use process.

“Artificial intelligence” is a general term used to describe the theory and development of computer systems to perform tasks that normally would require human cognition, such as perception, language understanding, reasoning, learning, planning, and problem solving. Following the fundamental theorem of informatics, a better term for AI would be “augmented intelligence,” or leveraging the strengths of computers and the strengths of clinicians together to obtain improved outcomes for patients. Understanding the vocabulary of and methods used in AI will help clinicians productively communicate with data scientists to collaborate on developing models that augment patient care. This primer includes discussion of approaches to identifying problems in practice that could benefit from application of AI and those that would not, as well as methods of training, validating, implementing, evaluating, and maintaining AI models. Some key limitations of AI related to the medication-use process are also discussed.

Conclusion

As medication-use domain experts, pharmacists play a key role in developing and evaluating AI in healthcare. An understanding of the core concepts of AI is necessary to engage in collaboration with data scientists and critically evaluating its place in patient care, especially as clinical practice continues to evolve and develop.
Ascorbate glutathione-dependent H2O2 scavenging is an important process in axillary bud outgrowth in rosebush
Authors: Porcher Alexis , Guérin Vincent , Montrichard Françoise , Lebrec Anita , Lothier Jérémy , Vian Alain
Published: July 2020

Background and Aims

Branching is an important mechanism of plant shape establishment and the direct consequence of axillary bud outgrowth. Recently, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) metabolism, known to be involved in plant growth and development, has been proposed to contribute to axillary bud outgrowth. However, the involvement of H2O2 in this process remains unclear.

Methods

We analysed the content of H2O2 during bud outgrowth and characterized its catabolism, both at the transcriptional level and in terms of its enzymatic activities, using RT–qPCR and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. In addition, we used in vitro culture to characterize the effects of H2O2 application and the reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis inhibitor l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) on bud outgrowth in relation to known molecular markers involved in this process.

Key Results

Quiescent buds displayed a high content of H2O2 that declined when bud outgrowth was initiated, as the consequence of an increase in the scavenging activity that is associated with glutathione pathways (ascorbate–glutathione cycle and glutathione biosynthesis); catalase did not appear to be implicated. Modification of bud redox state after the application of H2O2 or BSO prevented axillary bud outgrowth by repressing organogenesis and newly formed axis elongation. Hydrogen peroxide also repressed bud outgrowth-associated marker gene expression.

Conclusions

These results show that high levels of H2O2 in buds that are in a quiescent state prevents bud outgrowth. Induction of ascorbate–glutathione pathway scavenging activities results in a strong decrease in H2O2 content in buds, which finally allows bud outgrowth.
Functional gene networks reveal distinct mechanisms segregating in migraine families
Authors: Rasmussen Andreas H , Kogelman Lisette J A , Kristensen David M , Chalmer Mona Ameri , Olesen Jes , Hansen Thomas Folkmann
Published: July 2020

Migraine is the most common neurological disorder worldwide and it has been shown to have complex polygenic origins with a heritability of estimated 40–70%. Both common and rare genetic variants are believed to underlie the pathophysiology of the prevalent types of migraine, migraine with typical aura and migraine without aura. However, only common variants have been identified so far. Here we identify for the first time a gene module with rare mutations through a systems genetics approach integrating RNA sequencing data from brain and vascular tissues likely to be involved in migraine pathology in combination with whole genome sequencing of 117 migraine families. We found a gene module in the visual cortex, based on single nuclei RNA sequencing data, that had increased rare mutations in the migraine families and replicated this in a second independent cohort of 1930 patients. This module was mainly expressed by interneurons, pyramidal CA1, and pyramidal SS cells, and pathway analysis showed association with hormonal signalling (thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor and oxytocin receptor signalling pathways), Alzheimer’s disease pathway, serotonin receptor pathway and general heterotrimeric G-protein signalling pathways. Our results demonstrate that rare functional gene variants are strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. Furthermore, we anticipate that the results can be used to explain the critical mechanisms behind migraine and potentially improving the treatment regime for migraine patients.