bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects and differences of kidney transplantation and hemodialysis treatments on quality of life
Authors: GÜLTEKİN Arif Cengiz , TÜRKMEN Ercan , TARAN Ferah , DİLEK Melda , SAYARLİOGLU Hayriye , ARIK Nurol
Published: September 2022

Aim: Renal replacement therapies (RRT), including dialysis modalities and renal transplantation (RT), affect patients’ quality of life (QoL) differently. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the QoL in hemodialysis (HD) and RT patients. Material and Method: One hundred patients in each RT and HD group were included in the study. Socio-demographic data was determined with a questionnaire. Laboratory information and other medical information of the patients were obtained from the medical records. Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) scales were used to assess the QoL. Results: The mean ages in HD and RT patients were 58.28±15.21 and 47.92±12.01 years. Most patients were male (53% HD, 68% RT). RT patients had a higher QoL than HD patients in all components. On the NHP scale, RT patients had higher QoL in all parts except social isolation and emotional reactions. Male gender, non-smoker status, high education level, being employed and living in the city, and some laboratory parameters (hemoglobin, ferritin, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and albumin) positively affected the QoL in the HD group; diabetes and CVD had a negative impact on the QoL. In the RT group, male gender, high education level, being employed; normal potassium, phosphorus, and parathormone levels affect QoL positively while hypertension and CVD negatively affect the QoL. Conclusion: Factors affecting QoL in patients receiving RRT are different. Efforts to correct laboratory parameters may impact the quality of life in HD patients. Returning to working life could increase the QoL in RT patients.
Can PCO2 be a mortality predictor in COVID-19 patients?
Authors: KOÇ Alparslan
Published: September 2022

Aim: The clinical course of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is ranging from asymptomatic to moderate and severe disease with low survival rates. Therefore, reliable prediction of COVID-19 mortality and identification of contributing factors would allow targeted therapies for high-risk individuals. We aimed to determine whether partial carbon dioxide (PCO2) concentrations could predict mortality in patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Material and Method: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE -2) scores, ferritin, lymphocyte count, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), PCO2, partial oxygen concentration to inspired oxygen fraction (P/F) ratio were retrospectively determined and were compared between survivors and non-survivors.

Results: The mean APACHE-2 value was higher in Group Non-survivors than in Group Survivors. Patients in Group Non-survivors were significantly older than those in Group Survivors (p=0,012). From day 7, low baseline lymphocyte counts were significant for mortality (p=0,046). NLR was also high at ICU admission, and it was significant for mortality from the 7th day (p=0.022). From day 10, PCO2 and ferritin levels increased in Group Non-survivors. The P/F ratio increased with treatment in both groups during the first 10 days, and after day 13, the increase continued in Group Survivors, whereas the values decreased in Group Non-survivors. We found that PCO2 concentrations in patients at ICU admission were as expected and that the increase in PCO2 could predict mortality along with increased ferritin levels, older age, high APACHE scores, low lymphocyte count, elevated NLR and high P/F ratio.

Conclusion: This study showed that in patients with COVID -19, an increase in PCO2 concentration can predict mortality along with increased ferritin levels, older age, high APACHE scores, low lymphocyte count, elevated NLR and high P/F ratio.
The role of hyperuricemia in acute renal failure
Authors: UYSAL Elmas , SEĞMEN Fatih , ERDEM Deniz
Published: September 2022

Objective: Acute renal failure is one of the most important factors affecting mortality in intensive care patients. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether there was a relationship between uric acid levels and/or acute kidney imjury/failıre (AKI).

Material and Method: A total of 1000 individuals who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of our institution without any prior renal disease and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 80-120 ml/minutes, have been enrolled in this retrospective analysis. The development of AKI in the ICU were evaluated via RIFLE criteria. In patients who developed AKI, it was checked whether there was an indication for renal replacement therapy (RRT). All patients in the ICU including the unconscious indivuduals and COVID-19 patients have been included in the analysis.

Results: Acute renal failure (ARF) was observed in 27.1% (n=271) of the individuals. Hemodialysis had been administered in 44.3% (n=120) of patients with ARF. The reasons for hemodialysis were ischemia in 36%, sepsis and multifactorial reasons in 32% of the subjects. A statistically significant difference was found compared to the initial measurements in urea, creatinine, uric acid and sodium (Na) increased compared to baseline (p
The effects of the national vaccination program and massive migration on the epidemiology of hepatitis A in children from 2013 to 2018
Authors: ÇETİN Benhur Şirvan
Published: September 2022

Aim: Acute hepatitis A is a common public health problem in underdeveloped and developing countries. The hepatitis A vaccine was implemented as part of the National Immunization Program in Turkey in November 2012. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the national vaccination program and massive migration on the epidemiology and clinical burden of hepatitis A infection.

Material and Method: The study was a single center, retrospective chart review study among children diagnosed with viral hepatitis A infection between 0 and 18 years of age from January 2013 to February 2018 in Gaziantep Cengiz Gökçek Maternity and Children Hospital, Turkey. All cases’ age, diagnosis time, nationality, and gender information were evaluated. The length of stay, the maximum value of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, and the direct medical cost of hospitalization were also evaluated in hospitalized cases.

Results: During the study period total of 1039 cases were diagnosed with hepatitis A infection. Of these cases, 53% were males, 14% were Syrian refugees, and the median age was 7.9-year. The number of cases per year (2013 through 2017) was 321, 360, 157, 119, and 73, respectively. The majority of the cases were detected in November, December, and January. While the total number of cases was declining, we saw that the number of Syrian cases was increasing. The percentage of Syrian children in total cases in 2013 and 2017 was 6.5% and 52.1%, respectively. The hospitalization rate was %49.4, the median length of stay was four days, and the average medical cost of hospitalization was 246.8$/case.

Conclusion: With the national vaccination program, prevalence is declining, but the number of susceptible individuals in society is still adversely affecting the epidemiology of the disease. Continuous monitoring of epidemiological data and efforts to expand vaccine coverage are required for infection control.
Causes and types of breast cancer
Authors: Hussein Zeyad Taha , Alabbasy Raghad Hazem
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women. It affects women for several external reasons such as exposure to radiation, chemicals, genetic or hereditary internal causes, age or lack of breastfeeding. It has several benign, malignant, localized, and widespread types, so this article is designed to shed light on the causes and types of breast cancer. In this review we have discussed Breast anatomically, breast histologically, types and causes of breast cancer.
Rancang Bangun Trainer Elektronika Dasar Sebagai Alat Bantu Peraga Praktikum Pada Laboratorium Teknik Elektronika
Authors: Larasati Sylvia
Published: September 2022

Dengan banyaknya alat elektonika yang dipakai tentu tidak sedikit yang mengalami gangguan ataupun kerusakan sehingga terkadang hanya kerusakan pada part yang kecil seperti dioda ataupun resistor saja yang mengakibatkan alat elektronika yang kita miliki tidak dapat berfungsi dengan baik.     Sebab itu Informasi tentang berbagai fungsi dan cara kerja komponen elektronika harus kita fahami, saat ini sangat mudah didapat dari berbagai media, baik buku maupun internet dan dapat  diaplikasikan dalam banyak hal.            

Dengan memahami fungsi dan cara kerja dari tiap komponen elektronika tentu akan membantu kita mendiagnosa dan memperbaiki alat tersebut sehingga dapat dipergunakan kembali tanpa harus membeli yang baru, tentu saja semua itu akan menghemat pengeluaran kita.
Rancang Bangun Pengendali Motor Palang Pintu Parkir Otomatis
Authors: Richardo T. S. Ridho
Published: September 2022

Motor stepper tidak sama dengan motor AC maupun DC konvensional yang berputar secara kontiniu,tetapi perputaran pada motor stepper yaitu secara incremental atau langkah per langkah ( step by step ), sehingga dapat memberikan putaran yang lebih presisi dan akurat.Perancangan dan pembuatan system pengendali arah putaran motor stepper berbasis ICL293D yang sangat menarik untuk dipelajari.Dalam perancangan system ini menggunakan metode eksperimen,sehingga dalam pembuatan dan perancangan simulator dibutuhkan beberapa komponen penting yang terdiri dari IC L293D sebagai pengambil keputusan dan stepper motor sebagai driver yang dapat membangkitkan elektromagnetik yang di timbulkan oleh lilitan motor stepper pada saat ada arus yang mengalir pada lilitan tersebut,sehingga dapat membolak – balikan arah putaran motor stepper. Catudaya yang dipergunakan adalah 12 Volt DC yang mensupply tegangan ke IC L293D dan motor serta digunakan regulator LM 7805 dan regulator LM 7812 untuk menurunkan dan menstabilkan tegangan.
Prediksi Penerimaan Calon Karyawan Dengan Menggunakan Algoritma C4.5 Pada Biro Kesejahteraan Rakyat Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Husein Amir Mahmud , Brutu Mahendra
Published: September 2022

Untuk menentukan calon karyawan yang memenuhi kriteria maka dibutuhkan rekomendasi yang tepat. Perekomendasian yang tepat membutuhkan jumlah data yang banyak, Algoritma C4.5 merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat menganalisis data dalam jumlah yang banyak atau biasa disebut data mining. Algoritma C4.5 digunakan pada penelitian ini untuk memprediksi proses penerimaan calon karyawan baru dengan cara mengklasifikasikan data calon karyawan berdasarkan kriteria yang ditentukan. Pada penelitian ini dibuat suatu aplikasi yang mengimplementasikan pohon keputusan dengan algoritma C4.5, data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data calon pegawai. Algoritma C 4.5 adalah algoritma klasifikasi data dengan teknik pohon keputusan. Adapun alur proses pengerjaan penelitian ini dimulai dari Pengumpulan Data sesuai dengan beberapa metode yang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya. Kemudian setelah dataset terkumpul, dilakukan tahap ­preprocessing untuk proses pengolahan data. Kemudian dilakukan proses perhitungan baik manual maupun menggunakan sistem dari RapidMiner sebagai perbandingan hasil ke akuratan. Hingga pada akhirnya diperoleh hasil akhir. Setelah pengujian dilakukan beberapa kali maka operator yang ditetapkan adalah dengan menggunakan operator split validation dan menggunakan Stratified Sampling dengan training data 90% dan testing data 10% dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 81,82% dan classification error sebesar 18,18%.
Две главные макроэкономические теории Д. Кейнса и М. Фридмана и их использование в экономической политике крупных стран мира и России
Authors: Аганбегян А.Г.
Published: September 2022

В статье анализируются два подхода к выстраиванию экономической политики: кейнсианский и монетаристский. В историческом контексте рассматриваются основные идеи Д. Кейнса и М. Фридмана и их применимость как основы для выстраивания антикризисной экономической политики. Показано, что в период 70-80 гг. XX века идеи М. Фридмана позволили обеспечить выход американской экономики из периода длительной стагнации, что позволило США вернуть лидерство в инновационной сфере и обеспечить устойчивость экономического развития в последующие десятилетия. Также показано, что в период правления в Великобритании премьер-министра М. Тэтчер монетаристские идеи привели к существенным успехам. При этом констатируется, что в современной сложной экономике глобального характера недостаточно использовать какую-либо одну теорию и требуется брать на вооружение различные идеи. При этом единой универсальной синтетической теории пока не создано. Возвращаясь к проблемам российской экономики, автор наглядно доказывает, что значительная часть идей М. Фридмана могла бы с успехом использоваться в процессе структурно-технологической модернизации нашей страны.
Институциональный аспект эволюции научных школ
Authors: Аузан А.А. , Курдин А.А.
Published: September 2022

Авторы статьи исследуют институциональные факторы развития научных школ. Основываясь на примере экономического факультета МГУ, показывают многообразие их исторических траекторий. В статье идентифицированы основные институциональные проблемы, влияющие на эволюцию таких школ, в том числе проблемы ухудшающего отбора университетов, высокой специфичности инвестиций в научную квалификацию, персонализации в контексте порядков ограниченного доступа. Авторы предлагают рекомендации по переходу от рыночной к инвестиционной научно-образовательной модели, способствующей развитию научных школ.
First Year University Students’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards HIV/AIDS
Authors: Arhin Vera , Gyimah Emmanuel Kofi
Published: September 2022

The main purpose of the study was to investigate first year students’ knowledge, attitude, and practices towards HIV/AIDS. In achieving this objective, the descriptive research design was adopted. The study participants comprised 249 level 100 students. A questionnaire developed by Carey and Schroder (2002) was used to collect data on students’ HIV/AIDS knowledge. A researcher-designed instrument was used to collect data on students’ attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS and practices regarding HIV/AIDS. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the analyses. The findings of the study revealed that the respondents’ knowledge level on HIV/AIDS was low and their practices regarding the disease were also poor. However, the respondents had positive attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS. The study recommends HIV/AIDS education course should be incorporated into the university’s curriculum to help increase students’ knowledge on HIV/AIDS and also enhance their practices.
Psychosocial Environment of Universities: How Satisfied are Academics with Work-Related Factors?
Authors: Milledzi Eugene Yaw
Published: September 2022

University academics are critical actors in knowledge production and human resource development through teaching and research. However, despite the significant roles of university academics in the knowledge society, the psychosocial work environment of universities particularly in developing nations has witnessed agitations, threats and strikes over one work-related issue or the other. The current study examined how academic staff of selected universities in Ghana perceived work-related factors in their psychosocial environment using the mixed methods explanatory sequential design. A sample of 376 academic staff were stratified and selected based on rank and gender. Structured questionnaire was employed to collect data for the quantitative phase of the study while semi-structured interview guide was used to gather the qualitative data. Results from the study showed that academic staff of universities were dissatisfied with criteria for promotion, salary, as well as training and development as they perceived these factors negatively in their psychosocial work environment. It was recommended that managements of universities in Ghana make pragmatic efforts to review conditions of service of academic staff in order to create favourable psychosocial work environments for university academics to promote effective teaching, research and innovation
Untrained Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices in Public and Private Basic Schools in Mfantseman Municipality of Ghana
Authors: Kwaah Christopher Yaw
Published: September 2022

To gain a better understanding of untrained teacher beliefs and how that corresponds with their reported classroom practices, a survey was conducted with untrained teachers in public and private basic schools in Ghana. The study collected data through the survey design using a questionnaire which was administered to 188 untrained teachers in rural and urban basic schools. The data were analysed using Means and Standard Deviations to compare the teacher beliefs and practices in the two school types. Pearson-Correlation was used to find out any relationship between the teacher beliefs and their reported practices. Furthermore, Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to find out differences in beliefs, teaching practices and the school type. The results show that most of the untrained teachers held on to direct transmissive beliefs more than constructive beliefs. There were also inconsistencies in the relationship between beliefs and reported practices. However, there were statistically significant differences between the beliefs of untrained teachers in public and those in private schools about teaching and learning. Implication and recommendations for in-service teacher education programmes have been discussed.
Yöneticinin Kullandığı Güç Kaynakları İle İş Tatmini İşten Ayrılma Eğilimi ve İş Performansı Arasındaki İlişki: Müşteri İlişkileri Çalışanları Üzerinden Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: YILDIRIM Mehmet , ERTÜRK Mustafa İsmail
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışma lider ve yöneticilerin en önemli etkileme ve yönlendirme araçlarından olan güç kaynaklarının, kurumsal performans ile göstergelerinden olan iş tatmini, işten ayrılma niyeti ve iş performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında Adıyaman ilinde iletişim sektöründeki iki farklı işletmede müşteri hizmetleri biriminde yüz yüze ve çağrı merkezinde çalışan beşer katılımcı ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş ve içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yüz yüze hizmet veren çalışanlar tarafından en çok algılanan güç kaynağının zorlayıcı güç olduğu ve bu gücün ise iş performansı ve iş tatminini olumsuz etkilediği, işten ayrılma niyetini de arttırdığı görülmüştür. Ancak çağrı merkezinde çalışanlar tarafından en çok algılanan güç kaynağının da uzmanlık gücü ve yasal güç olduğu görülmüştür. Ödüllendirme gücü, yasal güç ve uzmanlık gücünü algılayan çalışanların ise iş tatminini ve iş performansını yüksek olarak algıladıkları görülmüştür. Elde edilen bir diğer bulgu ise yüz yüze hizmet veren çalışanların işten ayrılma eğilimlerine sahip olduğu ancak çağrı merkezi üzerinden hizmet veren hiçbir çalışanın bu eğilime sahip olmadığıdır.
Bellek Kavramı Bağlamında “Kulüp” Dizisinin Hatırlattıkları ve Toplumsal Yansımaları
Authors: TUNA Sinem
Published: September 2022

Başlangıç ve bitişlerin tarihin seyrine yön vermesi gibi bireysel ya da toplumsal belleğin katmanlarında da izler bırakmaktadır. 20. Yüzyıl bellek çalışmalarının önemsendiği, disiplinlerarası araştırmalara konu edildiği ve bu araştırmaların sonuçlarına dayandırılarak insanın temel unsur olduğu tarih yazımının yeniden şekillendiği bir zaman dilimidir. Belleğin bir tür hatırlama mekanizması olarak ele alınışı, diğer bir ifadeyle oluşan arşiv sistemi, sözlü kültürden yazıla kültüre geçişin emarelerini taşıdığı gibi, soyut olanın somuta dönüşerek adeta görünür kılınması belleğin daha da canlı tutulmasını sağlar. Görüntünün ardındaki gerçeklik bireysel bellek çıkarımlarının öznelliğini ifade ederken, kolektif belleğin nesnel birikimlerini de sergiler. İnsanlık tarihi, gelecek zamanlara ve kuşaklara kapılarını aralar adeta. Sözlü kültürün izlerini taşıyan mitler, masallar ve destanları, yazılı kültüre geçişle birlikte mekânlar, buluntular, el yazmaları, sanat eserleri takip eder bellek ayrıntılarında. Teknolojinin olanakları, belleği dijital boyuta taşımış, görüntü dilini kullanan arşivler yaratılmıştır. Fotoğraf karelerinden sıyrılan insan ifadeleri beyaz perde de vücut bulmuştur. Sinema sanatının geniş kitleleri kısa sürede etkileyebilme gücü ve popülerliği bellek oluşumlarında sıkça tercih edilen bir araç olarak kullanılmasına neden olmuştur. Sinemanın anlatım dilindeki zamansızlık izleyiciyi bellek katmanlarında yolculuğa çıkartabilmektedir. Sinemanın gücünü kullanan televizyon ve günümüzün dijital yayın platformları da toplumdaki farklı bakış açılarını belleğe gönderme yaparak özgün yapımlar üretmektedirler. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de en çok izlenme payına sahip dijital yayın platformu Netflix’in orijinal yapımları arasında yer alan “Kulüp” dizi, 1950’li yılların Türkiye’si ve özelde İstanbul’un ağırlıklı olarak gayrimüslimlerin yaşadığı Beyoğlu semtine ışık tutarak, dönemin belirleyici özelliklerini, Sefarad Yahudileri’nin gözünden aktarmaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturan Kulüp dizisinin 10 bölümü, nitel araştırmada kullanılan amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan tipik durum örneklemi yöntemine göre incelenecektir. Tipik durum örneklemi için belirlenen “zaman”, “mekân”, “azınlıklar” ve “inanç” faktörleri, ele alınan araştırma konusunda bellek oluşumunun toplumsal yansımalarını ortaya koymamızı sağlayacaktır.
İtibarın Online Boyutları: İletişim Profesyonellerinin Online İtibar Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GENEL Zeynep , KOÇAK Sevinç
Published: September 2022

Altı boyuta yönelik kurum ve markaların paydaşlarının algısında ve eyleminde oluşan ve şirketlerin en önemli soyut varlığı olan itibarın, dijital platformlarda yönetilmesi hız, bilginin kontrolü gibi zorluklar getirirken halkla ilişkiler alanında araştırma refleksini geliştiren, doğru stratejilerle yönetildiğinde olumlu yönde kazanımlar sağlayan bir iletişim pratiğidir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı itibarın boyutlarının Türkiye’deki iletişim profesyonelleri tarafından söz konusu online itibar yönetimi olduğunda nasıl değerlendirildiğini ve online platformlarda itibar yönetiminin gerçekleşmesinde iletişim pratiklerine nasıl değişimler getirdiğinin anlaşılmasıdır. Bu amaçla İletişim Danışmanlığı Şirketleri Derneği (İDA) ve Türkiye Halkla İlişkiler Derneği (TÜHİD) yapılarına kayıtlı 12 iletişim profesyoneline yargısal örnekleme yöntemi ulaşılarak, derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş ve bu görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler Harris ve Fombrun’un alana kazandırdığı itibar yaklaşımında ele aldığı unsurlar altında anlatı analiz tekniği ile aktarılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre kriz iletişimi, kontrol edilemeyen bilginin yarattığı gündemin yönetimi online itibar yönetimi alanında zorluklar olarak öne çıkarken, bu yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin getirdiği avantajlarla halkla ilişkilerin birinci adımı olan araştırma ve sonuncu adımı olan ölçümleme reflekslerini güçlendirdiği anlaşılmıştır. Çalışma, itibarın unsurlarının online iletişim pratikleri açısından yapılacak çalışmalara Türkiye’deki bakış açısının aktarması açısından katkıda bulunmaktadır.
Kültürel Diplomaside Yeni İçerik Pazarlama Aygıtı: Otonom Duyusal Meridyen Tepkisi (ASMR)
Authors: KESKİN Savaş , KÖMÜR Gökhan
Published: September 2022

Türkiye’nin kültürel diplomasi aygıtlarının bazı popüler kültür içerikleri etrafında tartışılması, araştırmacıların ve iletişim profesyonellerinin eğilimlerini belirler. Bir ideolojik mücadele alanı ve itibar rekabeti olarak şekillenen kültürel diplomasi ilişkileri, akışkan kültürlerin yöndeştiği bir çağda ulusların marka değeri olarak sahnelendikleri bir temsil tarihinin de katalizör güçleri halini alır. Kültürün pazarlanabilirlik fikri her ne kadar kültür endüstrileri kavramsalı ile eleştirel teorinin üretim hareketlerini cezbetse de kültürel diplomasinin oluşturduğu pazarın kendine özgü endüstriyel bir değer arz ettiği görülür. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin bazı aygıtlara indirgenen ve kısır döngüye girmesi muhtemel olan kültürel diplomasi faaliyetleri için alternatif trendleri tartışmayı ve bu trendlerin kontrollü imaj aksiyonları için bütünleşik bir pazarlama aksamına entegre edilmesi için gereken ilk ilgiyi inşa etmeyi amaçlar. Çünkü kültür endüstrilerinin tüm hamleleri, bir bütünleşik pazarlama stratejisinin parçası olarak trans-medya anlatım sinerjisini gerektirir. Bu kapsamda bir kültürel diplomasi aygıtı olarak tartışılan Otonom Duyusal Meridyen Tepkisi (ASMR), dinleyen/izleyen kişide karıncalanma hissine bağlı bir rahatlamaya neden olan yeni bir tür tahrik edici/tetikleyici anlatım tarzı olması dolayısıyla önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, ASMR’nin kültürel diplomasi boyutundaki iletişim gücüne ilişkin bir teorik okuma yapılarak ulus markalama için yeni imkanlar tartışılacaktır.
PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Political Science Federal University Otuoke Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Kalama John , Solomon Charles ,   Department of Political Science Federal University Otuoke Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Published: September 2022

Developing effective and reliable science and development policy remains a major challenge in Africa and third world states hence, this paper examined the problems and challenges of science and technology development in Nigeria. The study relied on the elite theory and derived its data mainly from secondary sources which included official government documents, textbooks, published journals articles, the international news media, newspaper publications, materials from the internet etc. The descriptive research method was also adopted while the data collected were analysed using the qualitative method. Findings in the study revealed that inconsistency in the development of a science and technology development framework is responsible for the lack of indigenous technology in Nigeria and indeed Africa. In order to overcome the challenges observed in this study, there is need to develop and implement indigenous home grown sustainable science and technology development programmes and frameworks.
Karakter Aşınması Bağlamında Adalet Ağaoğlu’nun Fikrimin İnce Gülü Adlı Romanı
Authors: DEDE Kader
Published: September 2022

Adalet Ağaoğlu romanları hem dönem hem zihniyet hem de psikolojinin egemen olduğu çok boyutlu, çok katmanlı bir yapıya sahiptir. Yazarın toplumsal gerçekçilik temelinde kaleme aldığı romanları, Türk toplumunun belirli dönemlerine ait tarihi ve sosyolojik incelemelere zemin oluşturur. Romanları, ele aldığı karakterlerin duygularını, düşüncelerini, ideallerini ve hayallerini yansıtan dili sayesinde karakterlerin gerek ruhsal gerek fiziksel değişimlerini gözlemlemeye olanak sunar.
Adalet Ağaoğlu’nun Fikrimin İnce Gülü adlı romanı daha önceki çalışmalarda sistem eleştirisi, yabancılaşma kavramı, yolculuk arketipi, nesne-karakter ilişkisi, fetişizm ve narsisizm gibi temeller üzerinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, kendisinden önce oluşturulan araştırma zemininin bir destekleyicisi niteliğinde olup; Fikrimin İnce Gülü adlı eserin Richard Sennett’in “karakter aşınması” teorisi bağlamında irdelenmesini ve yeni kapitalizmin “karakter” üzerindeki etkilerinin ortaya konulmasını amaç edinmiştir. İncelemede Richard Sennett’in üzerinde durduğu “sürüklenme, rutin, esneklik, okunaksızlık, risk, etik, başarısızlık ve cemaat özlemi” kavramları temel alınmış; eş güdümlü bir inceleme yöntemi izlenmiştir. Başta roman kahramanı Bayram olmak üzere metinde yer alan şahısların hemen hepsinde modernden postmoderne geçiş sürecine özgü -karakter aşınması bağlamında- ciddi bir dönüşümün söz konusu olduğu, devirlerin ve onların güncel yaşam kodlarının insanları aşındırdığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
NAVAL OFFICER CAPTAIN MAGNAN’S ATTEMPT AT STEAM SHIP NAVIGATION MANAGEMENT ON DANUBE RIVER
Authors: UYGUN Süleyman
Published: September 2022

The attempt and competition of the Industrial Revolution to find new markets brought the Danube River and its hinterland into the world capitalist system. Danube governments such as Serbia, Wallachia, and Moldavia followed a balanced policy between Ottoman-Austria and Russia in the 18th and 19th centuries. However, following the Crimean War, the region has become an area of economic, political, and military competition between France and England. After the Crimean War, the liberalization of commercial shipping on the Danube and its branches to all nations made these waters attractive to Western shipping navigation companies. The big Powers like Austria, Russia, France, and Great Britain initiated competition and risks which deeply affected the region. The research setup is on a new technology entering the region and the French capital investments and competition spreaded fort he first time through this technology. In this context this study attempts to explore the rivalries of French merchants and investors to expand in the Danube River and its hinterland. It especially deals with the steamship management attempts of the ambitious and adventurous naval officer Captain Michel André François Bonerin Magnan (Aubagne 1819-Paris 1866).
Reseña bibliográfica a Carla Gras – Valeria Hernández (coords.). El agro como negocio. Producción, sociedad y territorios en la globalización. Buenos Aires: Biblos, 2013
Authors: Carini Gabriel
Published: September 2022

La década de 1990 vio emerger un campo distinto. Esta ruptura implicó el tránsito hacia un nuevo modelo de desarrollo agrario caracterizado por el predominio de una lógica empresarial en la que resultaron determinantes – entre otros factores – el empleo de innovaciones asociadas a las áreas de la biotecnología y de la informática. Los nuevos imperativos del agribusiness implicaron el desplazamiento de lógicas productivas afincadas históricamente en el territorio y, al mismo tiempo, la reconfiguración de los perfiles socio-económicos de los productores agropecuarios. En definitiva, a partir de los noventa se opera una mutación en la forma de concebir al agro: éste pasa a ser considerado como un negocio, es decir, un espacio propicio para conseguir ganancias extraordinarias que ya no se cimenta en el rendimiento productivo sino que se inserta en el ámbito de la especulación financiera. Transectorialidad, intensificación del uso del capital, producción en gran escala, son algunas de las nuevas coordenadas sobre las que se asienta el nuevo modelo de agricultura empresaria y que son expuestas por Carla Gras y Valeria Hernández en el capítulo Los pilares del modelo agribussiness y sus estilos empresariales. Bajo ese contexto, se despliegan las reflexiones del resto de los trabajos que integran esta obra colectiva coordinada por las autoras, la que nos invita nuevamente1 a reflexionar sobre el abanico de transformaciones sociales, económicas y políticas aparejadas en el nuevo modelo del agronegocio.
Análisis de la contribución del turismo rural en el proceso reciente de desarrollo económico local en el Partido de Lobos (Argentina)
Authors: Galmarini Mara
Published: September 2022

El turismo se presenta, en muchos territorios, como una buena alternativa para fomentar el desarrollo económico local. Genera importantes beneficios en las economías locales como la creación de empleo directo e indirecto, aumenta la inversión, contribuye con la generación de la riqueza y con la reducción de la pobreza, incrementa los ingresos del sector público y asiste a la diversificación productiva al complementarse con el resto de las actividades económicas tradicionales. El turismo rural puede generar importantes beneficios en un determinado territorio: contribuir con la diversificación de la oferta turística, rehabilitar áreas agrícolas económicamente deprimidas, fomentar el arraigo rural y la creación de empleo, favorecer la inserción de la mujer y de los jóvenes, apoyar la revalorización del patrimonio gastronómico, arquitectónico, ambiental, colaborar con el incremento de los ingresos y las  mejoras en la comercialización de la producción, entre otras. También puede convertirse en una opción para minimizar algunas realidades que sufren muchos territorios rurales, que en su mayoría dependen económicamente de la agricultura y la ganadería como problemas de emigración, baja densidad de población permanente, falta de accesibilidad a los centros urbanos, etc.
Lo rural y lo científico: La instalación de la Estación Experimental Regional Agropecuaria (EERA) INTA Bariloche 1962- 1968
Authors: Núñez Paula , López Silvana
Published: September 2022

En este trabajo se discute la ruralidad en la estepa norpatagónica durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX, observando la intervención de estudios científicos asociados a la explotación ovina. Se revisa el rol del INTA y la particular ubicación del Centro Regional en Bariloche. Como resultado destacamos la vinculación de la elección de la locación con la red tecno-científica que se desplegaba en el país, antes que con las necesidades puntuales del espacio rural aledaño. Esto redundó en el sostenimiento de desigualdades sociales en el modelo productivo, afianzado por la incorporación tecnológica que se resuelve desde la agencia científica.
De cadenas, migrantes y jornaleros. Los territorios rurales en las cadenas globales agroalimentarias
Authors: Albertí Alfonsina
Published: September 2022

El libro colectivo que comentamos  puede situarse dentro del campo de la sociología laboral del mundo agropecuario en el contexto del capitalismo global. La obra  está compuesta por una breve introducción y por 11 capítulos que remiten a distintos casos de estudio. En la introducción el coordinador  relata la forma en que el libro se originó a partir de un seminario internacional realizado durante el año 2012 en Montevideo, Uruguay,  denominado “Migraciones, cadenas globales y Desarrollo rural” y en donde se advierte que la diversidad de niveles de análisis y de geografías en los distintos capítulos se justifican debido a que el trabajo agrícola presenta similitudes y afinidades,  denominadas como convergencias globales.
Contrasting Farm Livelihoods in Climate Sensitive Agro-Ecosystems in Odisha
Authors: Das Usha , Ansari M. A. , Ghosh Souvik , Shukla A. K. , Kameswari V. L. V , Bhardwaj Neelam , Kushwaha G. S.
Published: September 2022

The spree of tackling climate change issues stems from every global corner, which remains unique to specific agro-ecosystems. Rural India with a fair majority of livelihoods dependent on agriculture, are facing the severity of challenges to cope up with climate change. Therefore, livelihood analysis is an important aspect to address the climate change issues. Present study was conducted in the year 2020-21, in a climatically vulnerable state of India, Odisha, which suffers from climate induced natural disasters both in coastal and non-coastal ecosystems. Sustainable livelihood framework was followed in analyzing differential level of human, social, physical, financial and social assets holding of three dominant livelihood groups, viz., crop, livestock and crop + livestock farmers in one each coastal and non-coastal districts covering a total of 200 farm households. The analyses showed contrasting livelihood status with varied level of assets, crop + livestock farmers having above average overall livelihood level and social assets being at above average level contributing highest to overall livelihood status. Overall level of coastal livelihoods was at lower level as compared to non-coastal livelihoods. Better livelihood assets along with both technological and institutional interventions result in better insulation to rural households against ill effects of climate change events.
Farmers’ Perception Regarding Custom Hiring Services in Jabalpur District of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Kisku Upali , Bisht Kamini , Singh Amit Kumar , Naberia Seema
Published: September 2022

Indian agriculture has witnessed a labour crisis and a dearth of farm mechanization resulting in inadequate production and productivity in various parts of the country. The study was undertaken in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh in 2020, to analyse farmers’ perception of Custom Hiring Services (CHS). Patan block was selected purposively by involving 80 respondents spread over ten villages using proportionate random sampling technique. Farmers actively engaged in agricultural operations and availing the services of the Custom Hiring Centres (CHCs) were selected purposively. The majority (75%) of the farmers had moderate perception towards CHS. The independent variables such as age, annual income, cropping pattern, information processing behavior, information sharing behavior and extent of utilization of CHS were found to be significant and positively related with the perception of farmers regarding CHS. Proper measures must be taken for the provision of enhancing mainly small and marginal farmers’ understanding of mechanization as well as ensuring quality and timely services by the CHCs in order to realize its sustainable adoption.
Multivariate Typology of Osmanabadi Goat Farming in its Home Tract: A Cluster Analysis
Authors: Randhave Abhishek , Khode Narendra , Awandkar Sudhakar , Avhad Sharad , Channa Gangaprakash , Kulkarni Ram , Biradar Pankaj
Published: September 2022

The study was conducted to identify the typology of the Osmanabadi goat-keeping households and farms in a home tract of the breed during 2020-21. Hierarchical and K mean clustering techniques were used to classify 107 households into three homogenous clusters. In extensively large flock keeping households with large landholdings (C1, n=25, 23%), the respondents were using scientific practices to a great extent than the households with extensively keeping small flock with small landholdings (C3, n=59, 55%). Goat rearing was being the sole farm activity of relatively more households in C3, where primarily women had control over farm decisions and returns than the households who semi-intensively kept medium flock with medium landholding (C2, n=23, 22%). Households in C3 were mostly using open sheds, had lower goat income than the rest of the clusters. Households in C2 were higher in employment generation than households in C3. The typologies of Osmanabadi goat-keeping households showed significant heterogeneity in clusters and critical points which need to be considered to find sustainable solutions. Government policies and extension approaches are likely to be more effective if they consider the heterogeneity in the planning and delivery of extension interventions.
Crop and Livestock Depredation by Wild Animals: The Case of Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, India
Authors: Meena Deepak Chand , Meena B.S. , Garai Sanchita , Meena H.R. , Sankhala Gopal , Chadda Akshita
Published: September 2022

People worry about crop and livestock destruction by wild animals in the nearby protected region, which might lead to opposition to the preservation of a protected area. We surveyed 360 households from 30 villages in the eco-sensitive region of Ranthambore Tiger Reserve in the period of December 2021 to May 2022 to assess the annually loss in the crops by the wild animals and livestock attacked by the wild animals. One-way variance followed by DMRT post hoc was used to analyse losses in crop. It was observed that farmers getting losses, in Rabi season farmers get much loss in the mustard crop, and in Kharif season farmers get loss in maize crop due to wild animals in the form of crop raiding foraging, and eating. 335 number of incidents happened with livestock in the last five years among them 155 got injured and 180 were killed by wild animals, majority of incidents happened with goat followed by calves and buffalo. Our compara tive analysis helps to further ongoing conservation and compensation efforts by shedding light crops and livestock that influence conflict loss and tolerance.
Adoption of Scientific Pig Production Practices by Small Scale Pig Farmers in Assam: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Madhavan Misha M. , Mohan Narayana H. , Barman Keshab , Gupta V. K. , Pator Sunil , Chutia Priyanka , Chetri Trilochan Karki
Published: September 2022

The research work was undertaken to compare the adoption of scientific pig production practices by small scale pig farmers in Assam in the adopted villages of ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati and the non-adopted villages. A composite adoption index was developed for measuring the adoption level of small-scale pig farmers. The primary data was collected from 360 small scale pig farmers equally from both the groups during 2020-2021. The data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney “U” test and observed a significant difference in adoption level between both the groups. In the adopted villages, 50.56 per cent of farmers were under high adoption category followed by 48.89 per cent in medium category whereas in non-adopted villages, about 88.33 per cent of the respondents were in the low adoption category and 10.56 per cent in medium adoption category. The independent factors like education, experience in pig farming, family size, herd size, annual income, extension contact and social participation were positively correlated with adoption level. It was observed that the adoption level of scientific pig production practices by small scale pig farmers in adopted villages is significantly higher than the adoption level of non-adopted villages.
Attitude of Farmers Toward Intercropping in Haryana
Authors: Boora Sahil , Kaur Bas , Tyagi Rashmi , k Manisha , k Rohit
Published: September 2022

Intercropping is a type of multiple cropping practices that involves the cultivation of two or more crops in definite proximity. The present study was conducted in dry and wet agro-climatic zones of Haryana in March, 2022. Bhiwani and Hisar districts were selected randomly from dry zone and Karnal and Kaithal districts were selected randomly from wet zone with an objective to assess the attitude of farmers toward intercropping. The data were collected personally from 120 respondents comprising 30 from each district through a structured interview schedule. Findings revealed that more than three-fifths of the respondents (50.83%) had a more favourable attitude towards intercropping system whereas 36.67 per cent had a favourable attitude and 12.50 per cent had a less favourable attitude towards the intercropping system. Further, Analysis of the relationship between level of attitude & profile of farmers revealed that education and mass media exposure were found highly significantly associated with the level of attitude of farmers toward intercropping whereas a significant association was found between age, family type, social expectations, inheritance with level of attitude of farmers toward intercropping system. The paper recommends training of farmers on better utilization of mass media and the training will help farmers in increase in their knowledge level by using mass media and with improved knowledge farmers will have more positive attitude towards intercropping.
Leveraging the Critical Incident Technique to Identify the Detrimental Effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. on Dairy Animals
Authors: k Shruti , Singh Madan , Singh Braj Pal , T. S. Shyamkumar , V. A. Aneesha , Kumar Dinesh , Dey U. K.
Published: September 2022

The critical Incident technique was deployed to study the detrimental effect of Cuscuta reflexa on dairy animals. In the present study, the critical incidences were farmers’ fields where berseem was infested with Cuscuta reflexa and farmers were feeding that contaminated berseem to dairy animals. Thus, face-to-face interaction was done with 13 farmers of Malpur and Ganeshpur village of Bareilly district for the same incidences in the years 2021 and 2022. Based on farmers’ response it was observed that due to gradual feeding of berseem contaminated with Cuscuta reflexa on an average there was a reduction in milk yield of 5.35 L/day in 2021 and 3.35 L/day in 2022 of dairy animals. The annual economic loss was calculated as Rs. 27322/- in 2021 and Rs. 20048.57/- in 2022. The reduction in milk yield (68.67%) shares the maximum percentage of economic loss followed by replacement cost (25.38%), and then treatment cost (5.95%).
An Appraisal of Cluster Frontline Demonstrations on Mustard Crop in Sawaimadhopur District of Rajasthan
Authors: Sharma Nupur , Roy Himadri , Maji Saikat
Published: September 2022

The study attempted to analyse the overall effectiveness of the Cluster frontline demonstrations (CFLDs) conducted by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sawaimadhopur, from 2018–19 to 2021–22 using Integrated Crop Management technologies on mustard. A combination of experimental and before-after research designs was used, and 492 beneficiaries were selected for conducting the CFLDs. The obtained results from both the demonstrated and local check plots were compared, and the average yield of the improved mustard variety Giriraj from the demonstrated plots was significantly higher than that from the local check plots during these years. On average, extension and technology gaps were recorded as 4.82 q/ha and 5.99 q/ha, respectively. The average technology index was 21.79 per cent, and the lowest was noticed in the last season of the demonstrations, indicating the increased adaptability and efficiency of recommended technologies in field conditions. The average net returns and benefit-cost ratio from the demonstrated plots outperformed the local check plots in all four seasons. Overall, the CFLDs positively impacted the mustard growers of that particular area and motivated them to adopt the recommended practises for higher yield and profitability.
Extent of Adoption of Available Components in the IFS Units of Kerala
Authors: Chandran Vani , Chakravarty Ritu
Published: September 2022

Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) have shown to be an important way to improve the intake of safe and micro nutrient rich foods, particularly for households of Kerala. The productivity and profitability from a unit directly depends on the components adopted. Keeping this in mind, the present study was carried out with an objective to measure the extent of adoption of various components among the existing integrated farming system units of Kerala during 2021-22. Three districts Kollam, Thrissur and Kannur were selected randomly. From each district four panchayat were randomly selected and fifteen IFS units were selected randomly from each identified panchayat, thus making the total sample size 180 integrated farming system units. To measure the extent of adoption of available components in the IFS units, a composite index was developed. The result revealed that majority of the IFS farmers exhibited low level adoption of available components in their units and among the components, dairy and crop component had the highest adoption rate.
Enrichment Programme Efficacy on Core Life Skills: A Quasi Experimental Study Among University Students
Authors: Joshi Neha , Sharma Seema , Sharma Preeti
Published: September 2022

The present study was conducted in 2021, with an objective to examine the impact of enrichment programme on core life skills of undergraduate students. The study consisted of 60 first year undergraduates of Punjab Agricultural University enrolled in 2021-2022 academic session havinglow level of overall life skill. Life Skills Assessment Scale by Nair et al., (2010) was used to collect the data on measuring variable. One group quasi experimental research design was conducted by using module based online training sessions for the intervention. Evaluation of pre-intervention data highlighted that all the student participants were in low level life skill with none at average and high levels, whereas, in post-intervention evaluation, more students were found at average and high levels with merely few of them remained in low level of life skill. Dimension-wise analysis indicated significantly improved in each dimensions of life skills with non-significant gender differences after attending enrichment programme. The study recommends that life skills education should be an integral part of the university curriculum mainly at graduation level for optimal development of required psychosocial skills among 21st century youngsters enabling them to lead a successful living.