bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Circular Polarization of the Mn 1 Resonance Lines around 280 nm for Exploring Chromospheric Magnetism
Authors: del Pino Alemán Tanausú , Alsina Ballester Ernest , Trujillo Bueno Javier
Published: November 2022

We study the circular polarization of the Mn i resonance lines at 279.56, 279.91, and 280.19 nm (hereafter, UV multiplet) by means of radiative transfer modeling. In 2019, the CLASP2 mission obtained unprecedented spectropolarimetric data in a region of the solar ultraviolet including the Mg ii h and k resonance lines and two lines of a subordinate triplet, as well as two Mn i resonance lines. The first analysis of such data, in particular those corresponding to a plage region, allowed the inference of the longitudinal magnetic field from the photosphere to the upper chromosphere just below the transition region. This was achieved by applying the weak field approximation to the circular polarization profiles of the Mg ii and Mn i lines. While the applicability of this approximation to the Mg ii lines was already demonstrated in previous works, this is not the case for the Mn i UV multiplet. These lines are observed as absorptions between the Mg ii h and k lines, a region whose intensity is shaped by their partial frequency redistribution effects. Moreover, the only Mn i stable isotope has nuclear spin I = 5/2 and thus hyperfine structure must be, a priori, taken into account. Here we study the generation and transfer of the intensity and circular polarization of the Mn i resonance lines accounting for these physical ingredients. We analyze their sensitivity to the magnetic field by means of their response function, and we demonstrate the applicability of the weak field approximation to determine the longitudinal component of the magnetic field.
Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS). VII. Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters of the Galactic Bulge
Authors: Kader Justin A. , Pilachowski Catherine A. , Johnson Christian I. , Rich R. Michael , Young Michael D. , Simion Iulia T. , Clarkson William I. , Michael Scott , Kunder Andrea , Vivas Anna Katherina , Koch-Hansen Andreas J. , Marchetti Tommaso
Published: November 2022

We present photometric evidence for multiple stellar populations (MPs) in 14 globular clusters (GCs) toward the southern Galactic bulge. The photometric data come as part of the Blanco DECam Bulge Survey, which is a deep, wide-field near-UV-near-IR (ugrizY) survey of the southern Galactic bulge. Here, we present the first systematic study of bulge GC multiple populations with deep photometry including the u band, which is a crucial indicator of the abundance of CNO-bearing molecules in stellar atmospheres. We identify cluster members using Gaia EDR3 proper motion measurements, and then isolate red giant branch stars using r versus u − r color–magnitude diagrams. We find evidence suggesting all 14 clusters host at least two populations, and NGC 6441, NGC 6626, and NGC 6656 appear to have at least three populations. Many of these clusters are not part of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) surveys nor do they have comprehensive spectroscopic analyses so we are presenting the first evidence of MPs in several clusters. Not only do we find a strong anticorrelation between the fraction of first-generation stars and cluster absolute V magnitude, but the correlation coefficient and cluster-to-cluster scatter are similar to the results obtained from HST. Our ground-based data extend to much larger radial distances than similar HST observations, enabling a reliable estimate of the global fraction of first-generation stars in each cluster. This study demonstrates that ground-based u-band photometry as provided by DECam will prove powerful in the study of multiple populations in resolved GCs.
Modeling Dust Production, Growth, and Destruction in Reionization-era Galaxies with the CROC Simulations: Methods and Parameter Exploration
Authors: Esmerian Clarke J. , Gnedin Nickolay Y.
Published: November 2022

We introduce a model for the explicit evolution of interstellar dust in a cosmological galaxy formation simulation. We post-process a simulation from the Cosmic Reionization on Computers project, integrating an ordinary differential equation for the evolution of the dust-to-gas ratio along pathlines in the simulation sampled with a tracer particle technique. This model incorporates the effects of dust grain production in asymptotic giant branch star winds and supernovae, grain growth due to the accretion of heavy elements from the gas phase of the interstellar medium, and grain destruction due to thermal sputtering in the high-temperature gas of supernova remnants. A main conclusion of our analysis is the importance of a carefully chosen dust destruction model, for which different reasonable parameterizations can predict very different values at the ∼100 pc resolution of the interstellar medium (ISM) in our simulations. We run this dust model on the single most massive galaxy in a 10 h−1 comoving megaparsec box, which attains a stellar mass of ∼2 × 109
M
⊙ by z = 5. We find that the model is capable of reproducing dust masses and dust-sensitive observable quantities broadly consistent with existing data from high-redshift galaxies. The total dust mass in the simulated galaxy is somewhat sensitive to parameter choices for the dust model, especially the timescale for grain growth due to accretion in the ISM. Consequently, observations that can constrain galaxy dust masses at these epochs are potentially useful for placing constraints on dust physics.
Gas-phase Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange on Large, Astronomically Relevant Cationic PAHs
Authors: Zhang Congcong , Hu Xiaoyi , Yang Yuanyuan , Chen Yang , Zhen Junfeng , Qin Liping
Published: November 2022

To examine the gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange on large, astronomically relevant cationic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the ion-molecule collision reaction between C42H18
+ (hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene cations, HBC+) and D atoms is studied. The experimental results show that the deuterated HBC cations ([C42H
m
D
n
]+, m+2 ∗ n up to ∼54) are efficiently formed, and an effective hydrogen/deuterium exchange is determined. The structure of newly formed deuterated HBC cations and the bonding energy for these reaction pathways are investigated with quantum theoretical calculations. The exothermic energy for each reaction pathway is relatively high, and the existence of competition between deuteration and dedeuteration and of hydrogen/deuterium exchange is confirmed. A kinetic model is constructed to simulate the deuteration and hydrogenation processes and the hydrogen/deuterium exchange on HBC+ as a function of the reaction time over the experimental and typical astrophysical conditions. We infer that if we do not consider other chemical evolution processes (e.g., photoevolution), then cationic PAHs will reach the final equilibrium state (reaction with H/D atoms) very quickly regardless of the initial state of PAHs, and deuterated cationic PAHs are scarce in the interstellar medium.
Constraining the Nature of the 18 min Periodic Radio Transient GLEAM-X J162759.5-523504.3 via Multiwavelength Observations and Magneto-thermal Simulations
Authors: Rea N. , Zelati F. Coti , Dehman C. , Hurley-Walker N. , de Martino D. , Bahramian A. , Buckley D. A. H. , Brink J. , Kawka A. , Pons J. A. , Viganò D. , Graber V. , Ronchi M. , Araujo C. Pardo , Borghese A. , Parent E. , Galvin T. J.
Published: November 2022

We observed the periodic radio transient GLEAM-X J162759.5-523504.3 (GLEAM-X J1627) using the Chandra X-ray Observatory for about 30 ks on 2022 January 22–23, simultaneously with radio observations from the Murchison Widefield Array, MeerKAT, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Its radio emission and 18 min periodicity led the source to be tentatively interpreted as an extreme magnetar or a peculiar highly magnetic white dwarf. The source was not detected in the 0.3–8 keV energy range with a 3σ upper limit on the count rate of 3 × 10−4 counts s−1. No radio emission was detected during our X-ray observations either. Furthermore, we studied the field around GLEAM-X J1627 using archival European Southern Observatory and DECam Plane Survey data, as well as recent Southern African Large Telescope observations. Many sources are present close to the position of GLEAM-X J1627, but only two within the 2″ radio position uncertainty. Depending on the assumed spectral distribution, the upper limits converted to an X-ray luminosity of L
X < 6.5 × 1029 erg s−1 for a blackbody with temperature kT = 0.3 keV, or L
X < 9 × 1029 erg s−1 for a power law with photon index Γ = 2 (assuming a 1.3 kpc distance). Furthermore, we performed magneto-thermal simulations for neutron stars considering crust- and core-dominated field configurations. Based on our multiband limits, we conclude that (i) in the magnetar scenario, the X-ray upper limits suggest that GLEAM-X J1627 should be older than ∼1 Myr, unless it has a core-dominated magnetic field or has experienced fast cooling; (ii) in the white dwarf scenario, we can rule out most binary systems, a hot sub-dwarf, and a hot magnetic isolated white dwarf (T ≳ 10.000 K), while a cold isolated white dwarf is still compatible with our limits.
Premaximum Spectroscopic Diversity of Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae
Authors: Könyves-Tóth Réka
Published: November 2022

We search for the reasons behind the spectroscopic diversity of hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) in the premaximum phase. Our analysis is a continuation of the paper of Könyves-Tóth & Vinkó, who disclosed two new subtypes of SLSNe-I characterized by the presence/absence of a W-shaped absorption feature in their premaximum spectra between 4000 and 5000 Å (called Type W and Type 15bn, respectively). However, the physical cause of this bimodality is still uncertain. Here we present premaximum spectral synthesis of 27 SLSNe-I with special attention to the photospheric temperature (T
phot) and velocity (v
phot) evolution. We find that a T
phot limit of 12,000 K separates the Type W and Type 15bn SLSNe-I: Type W objects tend to show T
phot ≥ 12,000 K, while Type 15bn ones have T
phot ≤ 12,000 K. This is consistent with the chemical composition of the studied objects. Another difference between these groups may be found in their ejecta geometry: Type W SLSNe-I may show null polarization, implying spherical symmetry, while the polarization of Type 15bn objects may increase in time. This suggests a two-component model with a spherical outer carbon–oxygen layer and an asymmetric inner layer containing heavier ions. The two subgroups may have different light-curve evolution as well, since six Type W objects show early bumps, unlike Type 15bn SLSNe-I. This feature, however, needs further study, as it is based on only a few objects at present.
Constraints on the Optical Depth to Reionization from Balloon-borne Cosmic Microwave Background Measurements
Authors: Errard Josquin , Remazeilles Mathieu , Aumont Jonathan , Delabrouille Jacques , Green Daniel , Hanany Shaul , Hensley Brandon S. , Kogut Alan
Published: November 2022

We assess the uncertainty with which a balloon-borne experiment, nominally called Tau Surveyor (τS), can measure the optical depth to reionization σ(τ) with given realistic constraints of instrument noise and foreground emissions. Using a τS fiducial design with six frequency bands between 150 and 380 GHz, with white and uniform map noise of 7 μK arcmin, achievable with a single midlatitude flight, and including Planck's 30 and 44 GHz data, we assess the error σ(τ) obtained with three foreground models and as a function of sky fraction f
sky between 40% and 54%. We carry out the analysis using both parametric and blind foreground separation techniques. We compare the σ(τ) values to those obtained with low-frequency and high-frequency versions of the experiment called τS-lf and τS-hf, which have only four and up to eight frequency bands with narrower and wider frequency coverage, respectively. We find that with τS, the lowest constraint is σ(τ) = 0.0034, obtained for one of the foreground models with f
sky = 54%. σ(τ) is larger, in some cases by more than a factor of 2, for smaller sky fractions, with τS-lf, or as a function of foreground model. The τS-hf configuration does not lead to significantly tighter constraints. The exclusion of the 30 and 44 GHz data, which give information about synchrotron emission, leads to significant τ misestimates. Decreasing noise by an ambitious factor of 10, while keeping f
sky = 40%, gives σ(τ) = 0.0031. The combination of σ(τ) = 0.0034, baryon acoustic oscillation data from DESI, and future cosmic microwave background B-mode lensing data from the CMB-S3/CMB-S4 experiments could give σ(∑m

ν
) = 17 meV.
H-AMR: A New GPU-accelerated GRMHD Code for Exascale Computing with 3D Adaptive Mesh Refinement and Local Adaptive Time Stepping
Authors: Liska M. T. P. , Chatterjee K. , Issa D. , Yoon D. , Kaaz N. , Tchekhovskoy A. , van Eijnatten D. , Musoke G. , Hesp C. , Rohoza V. , Markoff S. , Ingram A. , van der Klis M.
Published: November 2022

General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations have revolutionized our understanding of black hole accretion. Here, we present a GPU-accelerated GRMHD code H-AMR with multifaceted optimizations that, collectively, accelerate computation by 2–5 orders of magnitude for a wide range of applications. First, it introduces a spherical grid with 3D adaptive mesh refinement that operates in each of the three dimensions independently. This allows us to circumvent the Courant condition near the polar singularity, which otherwise cripples high-resolution computational performance. Second, we demonstrate that local adaptive time stepping on a logarithmic spherical-polar grid accelerates computation by a factor of ≲10 compared to traditional hierarchical time-stepping approaches. Jointly, these unique features lead to an effective speed of ∼109 zone cycles per second per node on 5400 NVIDIA V100 GPUs (i.e., 900 nodes of the OLCF Summit supercomputer). We illustrate H-AMR's computational performance by presenting the first GRMHD simulation of a tilted thin accretion disk threaded by a toroidal magnetic field around a rapidly spinning black hole. With an effective resolution of 13,440 × 4608 × 8092 cells and a total of ≲22 billion cells and ∼0.65 × 108 time steps, it is among the largest astrophysical simulations ever performed. We find that frame dragging by the black hole tears up the disk into two independently precessing subdisks. The innermost subdisk rotation axis intermittently aligns with the black hole spin, demonstrating for the first time that such long-sought alignment is possible in the absence of large-scale poloidal magnetic fields.
A new species of Hibiscus (Malvaceae, Malvoideae) from Guyana
Authors: Dorr Laurence J.
Published: November 2022

Hibiscus marioniae Dorr, sp. nov. is described and illustrated. It evidently is restricted to central Guyana, northeast of the Kanuku Mountains near the Rewa River, a tributary of the Rupununi River. The new species is most similar morphologically to H. amazonicus Fryxell, which was described from Amazonas, Brazil.
Phalaenopsis medogensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Vandeae), a new species from Xizang, China
Authors: Ma Chong-Bo , Wang Xi-Long , Chen Wen-Shuai , Liu Zhen , Jin Xiao-Hua
Published: November 2022

A new species of Orchidaceae, Phalaenopsis medogensis, from Motuo, Xizang, is described and illustrated based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics analysis. Molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphological characters indicate that P. medogensis is close to P. deliciosa, P. gibbosa and P. lobbii, but differs from them by having triangular wings on the column foot, rhombic lip mid-lobe with a fleshy-horned appendage at the base, and concave lip lateral lobes, the lower part white with a deep purplish-red spot and hairy, the upper part pale yellow with dense rust spots.
Sharing the Recipe: Reproducibility and Replicability in Research Across Disciplines
Authors: Rahal Rima-Maria , Hamann Hanjo , Brohmer Hilmar , Pethig Florian
Published: November 2022

The open and transparent documentation of scientific processes has been established as a core antecedent of free knowledge. This also holds for generating robust insights in the scope of research projects. To convince academic peers and the public, the research process must be understandable and retraceable (reproducible), and repeatable (replicable) by others, precluding the inclusion of fluke findings into the canon of insights. In this contribution, we outline what reproducibility and replicability (R&R) could mean in the scope of different disciplines and traditions of research and which significance R&R has for generating insights in these fields. We draw on projects conducted in the scope of the Wikimedia "Open Science Fellows Program" (Fellowship Freies Wissen), an interdisciplinary, long-running funding scheme for projects contributing to open research practices. We identify twelve implemented projects from different disciplines which primarily focused on R&R, and multiple additional projects also touching on R&R. From these projects, we identify patterns and synthesize them into a roadmap of how research projects can achieve R&R across different disciplines. We further outline the ground covered by these projects and propose ways forward.
A new species of insular treefrog in the Litoria thesaurensis species group from the Nakanai Mountains, New Britain, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Richards Stephen J. , Oliver Paul M.
Published: November 2022

The Islands of East Melanesia have a unique and highly endemic frog fauna derived entirely from overseas colonisation events. Within East Melanesia New Britain is a notable centre of frog diversity and endemism, with at least 15 endemic species, mostly in the ceratobatrachid genus Cornufer. Here we describe the first endemic pelodryadid treefrog from New Britain. The new species is a member of the Litoria thesaurensis species group but can be distinguished from near relatives by aspects of body size, webbing extent, bone pigmentation and male advertisement call. The two known specimens of the new species were collected in Hill Forest on karst basement in the Nakanai Mountains in East New Britain. The new species provides new evidence of diversification of insular PelodrydidaePelodrydidae, and reinforces New Britain, and especially the predominantly karst Nakanai mountains, as a hotspot of frog diversity in East Melanesia. In light of high rates of forest loss and conversion New Britain is also a region of significant conservation concern.
Les « Espagnols de France des Brigades internationales. Des « nationaux internationaux » dans la guerre d’Espagne
Authors: Sill Édouard
Published: November 2022

Dans les Brigades internationales figurait un nombre important de volontaires espagnols ou d’origine espagnole résidant très majoritairement en France. Cette étude s‘attache à rendre intelligible ce contingent transnational de volontaires des « Espagnols de France » comme un groupe complexe, à l’interface entre leurs compatriotes espagnols et leurs concitoyens français.
Deux visages pour un même engagement : mobilisations artistiques et politiques contre le fascisme espagnol
Authors: Rojas Anna , Freda Lou
Published: November 2022

Les fonds Madeleine Lamberet et Jesús Vicente Pérez Melón conservés à La contemporaine rendent compte des sensibilités artistiques et des engagements politiques de deux acteurs de l’exil républicain en France : une femme française, militante anarchiste, et un enseignant républicain exilé avec sa famille en France à la fin de la guerre d’Espagne. L’article présente les écrits et autres documents personnels de ces deux fonds en lien avec les événements historiques de la guerre d’Espagne, la Retirada et la période franquiste. Ces ego-documents ne permettent pas seulement d’illustrer les biographies de Madeleine Lamberet et Jesús Vicente Pérez Melón et d’apprécier leurs parcours artistiques et militants respectifs, mais bien d’évoquer les différentes voies d’un même engagement en faveur de l’Espagne républicaine.
Entretien avec Raphaël Nkaka, historien rwandais
Authors: Ramondy Karine
Published: November 2022

Cet entretien est le fruit d’échanges débutés à l’été 2018 au Rwanda entre deux chercheurs spécialisés sur l’Afrique centrale. Il nous donne l’occasion de découvrir le parcours d’un historien rwandais, Raphaël Nkaka, dont la trajectoire intellectuelle entre Europe et Afrique s’inscrit dans l’histoire traumatique de son pays d’origine et notamment le génocide des Tutsi (avril à juillet 1994). Il offre également l’occasion de découvrir ses travaux et les auteurs ou les personnalités qui l’ont influencé.
Compte rendu de l’exposition « Élie Kagan, photographe indépendant (1960-1990) », La contemporaine, 19 janvier-7 mai 2022
Authors: Labeÿ Marion
Published: November 2022

Cet article revient sur l’exposition Élie Kagan, photographe indépendant (1960-1990), qui s’est tenue à La contemporaine du 19 janvier au 7 mai 2022. L’autrice revient sur les lignes directrices de l’exposition : le métier de photographe, le photographe d’archives et d’histoire, et les flâneries urbaines de Kagan. Cette exposition visant à déconstruire la mythologie du photojournaliste engagé, a montré l’intérêt des archives professionnelles Kagan, souligné la tension entre les enjeux professionnels et les sensibilités politiques, et mis en valeur tout la richesse de l’œuvre du photographe et de son fonds d’archives conservé à La contemporaine.
La démocratisation culturelle en France
Authors: Gouchon Maëliss
Published: November 2022

Cet encadré porte sur l’un des principes directeurs de la politique culturelle française, la démocratisation culturelle, et ses évolutions de l’entre-deux-guerres à nos jours, en passant par les ministères Malraux et Lang.
La loi de Baumol : le spectacle vivant est-il condamné à être malade de ses coûts ?
Authors: Glass Audrey , Labrue Lorine
Published: November 2022

Souvent utilisée pour justifier des restrictions budgétaires, la loi de Baumol est fréquemment présentée de manière hâtive. Nous reviendrons sur ce concept d’abord proposé pour analyser le secteur du spectacle vivant, mais nous aborderons aussi quelques critiques de cette loi couramment qualifiée de « maladie des coûts ».
Prix, tarifs et soutien à la demande : où va la politique culturelle ?
Authors: Benhamou Françoise
Published: November 2022

Les politiques de prix ont pour premier objectif de faciliter l’accès aux biens et services culturels ; elles peuvent aller jusqu’à la gratuité, et servir d’autres objectifs comme celui de l’amélioration de l’offre sur le territoire. Parce qu’elles se heurtent à la faible élasticité-prix de la demande, les politiques plus récentes préfèrent d’autres outils tels le pass culture.
Le star-system dans les industries culturelles : comment l’expliquer ?
Authors: Nicolas Yann
Published: November 2022

L’observation empirique du star-system dans les industries culturelles montre un double phénomène de concentration : celle de la consommation sur un nombre limité de produits à disposition du consommateur final et celle de la distribution des rémunérations au profit des stars. L’analyse économique propose d’expliquer ce phénomène en mobilisant les concepts de la microéconomie (préférences des consommateurs, technologies, ressources rares, effets de réseau, incertitude, information imparfaite, etc.).
Comment (se) joue la recommandation dans la culture ? Observations comparées de deux pratiques culturelles, l’écoute de musique enregistrée et la sortie au musée
Authors: Bastard Irène
Published: November 2022

Le choix des consommations culturelles repose sur différentes formes de recommandation, ce qui entraîne une répartition inégalitaire des ventes et une concentration des revenus de la culture. La numérisation de la culture n’a que partiellement remis en cause cette situation, avec des effets différenciés selon les secteurs. L’article s’intéresse en particulier aux exemples de la musique enregistrée et de la sortie au musée.
Les revenus des musiciens et l’économie des plateformes
Authors: Bacache-Beauvallet Maya
Published: November 2022

Le numérique a bouleversé à de nombreuses reprises les revenus des musiciens : téléchargement illégal, baisse des ventes de disques, nouveaux instruments, homestudio , crowdfunding , page web, plateformes, streaming , livestream , etc. Tout ou presque a été perturbé dans la chaîne de valeur, de la création à la diffusion des œuvres. Source de risques et d’opportunités, le numérique a participé à une augmentation des revenus, qui restent cependant faibles et aléatoires. Il a également modifié les inégalités de revenus entre artistes. Le nouveau défi est désormais celui de négocier un nouveau partage de la valeur entre les acteurs de la filière.
(Pré)financer des films et des spectacles. Stratégies et ajustements dans le travail de production.
Authors: de Verdalle Laure
Published: November 2022

Le cinéma et le spectacle vivant se caractérisent majoritairement, dans le contexte français, par une logique de préfinancement des projets. Cet article s’intéresse à l’articulation étroite des logiques économiques et artistiques dans le travail de création en montrant comment deux groupes professionnels, les producteur·ices et les administrateur·ices, organisent l’agrégation progressive des différents partenaires dont l’implication rend possible la fabrication des films et des spectacles, mais contribue aussi à leur donner leur forme définitive.
Le « centenaire de l’Algérie » en 1930 : les populations algériennes face à la colonisation
Authors: Matheron Jonas
Published: November 2022

En 1930, les autorités coloniales françaises célèbrent les cent ans du début de la conquête de l’Algérie. À rebours des discours triomphalistes du « Centenaire de l’Algérie » proclamant le soutien sans réserve des Algériens à l’administration française, l’analyse des rumeurs qui circulent alors dans les campagnes témoigne d’une forte hostilité des populations rurales à l’égard de la colonisation. À l’heure où les élites algériennes continuent de formuler prudemment leurs revendications sans jamais remettre en question le cadre du système colonial, une partie du peuple, elle, semble animée par des conceptions politiques bien plus radicales en exprimant son souhait de voir l’Algérie débarrassée de la tutelle française.
Une analyse du film nazi Hitlerjunge Quex
Authors: Bateson Gregory , Granger Christophe
Published: November 2022

Publiée en 1943, la grande étude que Gregory Bateson a consacrée à l’analyse du film nazi Hitlerjunge Quex (lui-même tourné en 1933) est ici traduit en français pour la première fois. Si elle mérite d’être lue aujourd’hui, c’est pour trois raisons. D’abord, elle permet d’éclairer un pan de la trajectoire de celui qui, rendu célèbre en 1936 par ses travaux sur la cérémonie du naven en Nouvelle-Guinée, compte parmi les anthropologues plus inventifs du 20 e  siècle. Né en 1904, mort en 1980, Bateson a en effet construit à la croisée des disciplines (linguistique, sociologie, psychiatrie, cybernétique, etc.) un savoir profus tourné vers l’explicitation de la dimension culturelle des personnalités et des conduites sociales. Ensuite, l’étude de ce film nazi permet de suivre la naissance des « analyses filmiques » encore balbutiantes. Au sein des collections du MoMA à New York, au moment même où Siegfried Kracauer en fait de même, Bateson élabore une démarche d’analyse qui met l’accent sur la façon dont un film éclaire « la psychologie de ses créateurs » et les croyances, propres aux individus auxquels il est destiné. Enfin, cet article oublié rend visible l’enrôlement des sciences sociales dans l’effort de guerre américain. Financé pour partie par le gouvernement fédéral et destiné à l’entraînement des soldats, il permet, en suivant comment Bateson s’y prend pour faire science, de saisir la place du politique dans la construction des démarches savantes.
Deep and shallow thinking in the long run
Authors: Nax Heinrich Harald , Newton Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Humans differ in their strategic reasoning abilities and in beliefs about others' strategic reasoning abilities. Studying such cognitive hierarchies has produced new insights regarding equilibrium analysis in economics. This paper investigates the effect of cognitive hierarchies on long run behavior. Despite short run behavior being highly sensitive to variation in strategic reasoning abilities, this variation is not replicated in the long run. In particular, when generalized risk dominant strategy profiles exist, they emerge in the long run independently of the strategic reasoning abilities of players. These abilities may be arbitrarily low or high, heterogeneous across players, and evolving over time.
Convolutional Neural Networks on Assembling Classification Models to Detect Melanoma Skin Cancer
Authors: Vega-Huerta Hugo , Villanueva-Alarcón Renzo , Mauricio David , Gamarra Moreno Jua , Calderon Vilca Hugo D. , Rodriguez Diego , Rodriguez Ciro
Published: November 2022

In 2020, there were more than 1.2 million new skin cancer diagnoses, and melanoma was the most recurrent type of cancer. On the other hand, melanoma is the least common but most serious form of skin cancer affecting both men and women. This work aims to assemble classification models to detect a case of melanoma with high accuracy based on a Convolutional Neural Networks system. The methodology considers training 21 models for image classification, with the best assembly performance of  EfficientNet and VGG-19 architectures,  the data augmentation technique was used to the images to improve its performance. The results show 92.85% of accuracy, 71.50% of sensitivity, and 94.89% of specificity, with an improvement of 0.06% in accuracy and specificity. The assembly of the classification models achieved higher accuracy in melanoma skin cancer image classification.
Fostering Lab-Based Learning with Learning Analytics
Authors: Pfeiffer Anke , Uckelmann Dieter
Published: November 2022

Digital learning environments, such as online laboratories offer many opportunities for collecting data for Learning Analytics (LA). This article presents a systematic literature review for LA in laboratory based learning environments for Higher Engineering Education, which yielded 23 key references. The focus of the study was formed by the following research questions (RQ): What types of data are currently collected in online laboratories (RQ 1)? How is LA used to support learning and teaching processes as well as the design of the online-laboratory environment (RQ 2)? What design recommendations for the use of LA in laboratory-based learning environments can be derived (RQ 3)? The gained results show that LA can be used to provide feedback for simple as well as for complex learning processes in online laboratories. Moreover, it assists data-informed decision making for teaching and learning processes as well as for the design of the lab environment.

Implications for future research projects were derived based on the findings and should contribute to the advancement of research on LA in online laboratories.
Le « travail utopique » est-il sexiste ? Les collectifs écologiques et égalitaires à l’épreuve de la division sexuelle du travail
Authors: Rozencwajg Romane
Published: November 2022

A partir d’une étude ethnographique réalisée au sein de deux collectifs alternatifs composés respectivement de six et sept personnes installées en milieu rural, qui partagent une visée écologique et égalitaire et autoproduisent une partie de leur alimentation, réparent par eux-mêmes des bâtiments et recomposent leur rapport au travail-emploi par la mise en commun d’une partie de leurs ressources financières, l’article met en lumière les différents mécanismes sexués de l’engagement communautaire et du « travail utopique », entendu comme les tâches productives et reproductives permettant le plus ou moins grand détachement de la société conventionnelle et la diffusion d’un mode de vie « autre ». La recherche montre que la réhabilitation du travail de subsistance pour s’émanciper de la consommation de masse maintient les femmes dans une prise en charge du quotidien (re)productif et que l’espace domestique demeure moins valorisé. L’examen de la division sexuelle du « travail utopique » dans ses différentes dimensions permet de souligner que le rejet de certaines normes conventionnelles de vie en société ne réussit pas toujours à dépasser les déclarations de principe.
Exploring the Future to Create Pathway Opportunities That Empower Students
Authors: Mayer Chris
Published: November 2022

The future is more uncertain than ever, and this uncertainty is creating challenges for institutions of higher education (IHE), especially as they seek to prepare students for the future. Students are seeking new models of education, and some are even putting together their own pathways to survive and thrive in this uncertain future. While it is not possible to predict the future, this chapter demonstrates how strategic foresight can help IHEs better position themselves to develop new models of learning to meet learner and societal needs. The chapter employs the Association of Professional Futurists Foresight Technical Competencies to demonstrate how this can be done. It also provides examples of IHEs that are beginning to build the capacity to employ strategic foresight across their institutions and others that have already done so.
Enabling Lifelong Learning in California Community Colleges
Authors: Leal-Carrillo Nadia , Lewis Jodi , Lowe Aisha , Mahar Kate
Published: November 2022

Creating flexible pathways for students, especially those who are caregiving, balancing working and learning, and/or acquiring skills and knowledge outside of classrooms, requires coordinated state- and college-level actions. This chapter describes how the California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office and its supporting Success Center, undergirded by the system's north star, the Vision for Success, established an infrastructure of policy and resources at the state level, especially through credit for prior learning and competency-based education, to enable colleges to better support students' lifelong learning. Colleges such as Shasta College leveraged these pre-conditions to advance new reforms and accelerate existing ones to transform student journeys.
Alverno Accelerate
Authors: Barrowman Carole , Lewis Patricia , Savagian John C. , Shapiro Amy H.
Published: November 2022

With 50 years of experience in outcome-based, assessment-driven education, Alverno faculty understand the value of student-centered learning as the cornerstone of curriculum design and pedagogical practice. On the scaffold of the authors' experiences as senior faculty in Alverno's curriculum, this chapter explores how pedagogical and pragmatic considerations helped the Alverno Accelerate design team create a program that carefully considers its participants and puts the learner at the center of learning. Alverno Accelerate lets go of many of the canon principles of higher education, welcomes unbundled credits and work/life experiences, and collaborates with adult learners on their individual journeys to their bachelor's degree.
A Step-by-Step Guide for Developing a Microcredentialing Program
Authors: Whitehouse Glenn , Motley Clay , Timur Aysegul , Jaeger David , Felton Shawn D.
Published: November 2022

This chapter describes how institutions of higher education (IHEs) can create a multi-faceted microcredentialing/digital badging program that includes industry specific skills, transferrable skill development (career readiness skills), and reskilling/upskilling for regional community workforce partners. Drawing from the direct experience of Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU), a regional, state comprehensive university, this chapter provides a blueprint for cultivating relationships with diverse constituencies, such as industry partners, faculty, staff, and students, to create a successful, comprehensive digital badging initiative.
Implementing a Digital Microcredential Strategy at the University of Washington Continuum College
Authors: Blakeley Bryan , Branon Rovy F.
Published: November 2022

This chapter explores the emergence of digital microcredentials and describes how the University of Washington's Continuum College is participating in the iterative design of infrastructures and approaches to support these new forms of credentials. The authors explore the current landscape of digital credentials, including the possible benefits, nascent research, and offer a brief introduction to some of the coalitions and formative work underway in many settings. The chapter details a three-pronged strategic approach at the University of Washington's Continuum College. Each of the three efforts is intended to help both the local context served by Continuum College and a new digital credential ecosystem. The three project areas at Continuum College include using digital credentials for university employees, digitally badging the college's extensive portfolio of non-degree programs, and offering digital credentialing as a service to other university departments. The authors describe these ongoing projects, their current state, and implications for further work in digital credentials.
Unbundling Credit to Non-Credit
Authors: Romanski Beth
Published: November 2022

The landscape of higher education is moving in a direction of greater variation, leaving traditional academic institutions at risk of obsolescence amidst the myriad of accessible, responsive, flexible learning opportunities increasingly represented in the global learning market. Declining confidence in the value of a college degree forces the higher education industry to open to expanded audiences and diversification of learning opportunities—including embracing the value of alternative credential programming as an institutional priority. This chapter depicts a streamlined model for generating high-quality skills-based microcredentials and professional development offerings with limited resources. To do so, a step-by-step process for identifying opportunities to leverage existing academic content to create more flexible, skills-based learning experiences will be described. The chapter will provide a framework for unbundling credit to non-credit offerings that can be adapted and replicated by other institutions seeking the same outcomes.
Meeting in the Middle
Authors: Bouchey Bettyjo , Gratz Erin , Kurland Shelley C.
Published: November 2022

As institutions of higher education began their full returns to campus in Fall 2021, questions arose about continuing the flexible student support services that emerged during the pandemic, the expectations students might have of the post-shutdown world, and whether there would be equity between the support of on-campus students and those who remained at a distance. This chapter details the literature amassed during the height of the pandemic and the findings of a study focused on the online organizational structures that emerged as campuses were shut down when COVID-19 was sweeping the United States in early 2020. Interview participants detailed the rapid rollout of robust student support services that were offered in a virtual mode during the height of the pandemic. Participants hoped for the long-term continuance of services that offered better support to online and remote students, as well as those that could more robustly support on-campus students who choose to consume services in a more multimodal way.
Working Inside the Box
Authors: Gustafson Marty Anne , Russell Jeffrey
Published: November 2022

Societal and financial changes impacting higher education present great opportunities alongside great risks to traditional, large public institutions. While many such colleges and universities have defined goals to enroll more nontraditional students, it can be challenging to undertake large-scale initiatives that require updates to policy, accreditation, and structures. Alternatively, continuous, steady, and incremental improvements undertaken in partnership with willing faculty can accomplish the same goals. Though initially enacted on a smaller scale, demonstrated success can spread across flagship campuses. The authors present seven strategies demonstrating how incremental change at a unit level can create stronger connections and pathways between traditional research institutions and nontraditional students without disrupting the overall university culture. At the aggregate level, the impact of these individual initiatives has spurred thousands of new graduates and numerous opportunities for learners to achieve their goals through higher education.
Using Film to Develop Preservice Teachers' Racial Literacy in a Predominantly White Institution
Authors: Devereaux Cathryn , Turner Kristen Hawley
Published: November 2022

Unlike reading a traditional text, where readers rely on their own experiences and interpretations to understand another's point of view, film is an evocative tool that invites individuals to develop powerful connections to diverse stories. In this chapter, the authors, two teacher educators—one Black and one white—intentionally used film as core text to develop preservice teachers' (PSTs) racial literacy in a Master of Arts in Teaching “diversity” course. Running the course as a journey of discovery, the authors used film-based texts to provoke thought, prompt self-reflection, and ignite inquiry into the relationship between power and identity, guiding PSTs through a self-excavation process. By reflecting on their own racial literacy development and placing their distinct perspectives and experiences in conversation with one another, the authors collaboratively ground their pedagogy in five key elements: (1) creating safe spaces, (2) reading film as text, (3) engaging in critical conversations, (4) practicing self-reflection, and (5) presenting inquiry results in authentic ways.
Didactic Sound Addition as Pedagogical Practice Around Film
Authors: Montoya-Rubio Juan Carlos
Published: November 2022

Didactic sound addition is a basic procedure for implementation in music classrooms in compulsory education. This strategy combines aspects of active musical methodologies (especially the use of instruments) with the need to analyze and interact with film products. It involves application of sounds on a specific audiovisual by the student. This sound insertion can be of various types: through live music or pre-recorded sounds, maintaining the original soundtrack, removing sounds from the original audiovisual, etc. In all cases, the potential benefits are obvious and the simplicity of the action model makes it easily applicable at all levels from the earliest ages. Attempts at motivating its generalization in the K-12 classroom environment are shown together with examples of the application of sound in its various modalities.
Recent Trends in Internet of Medical Things
Authors: S. Kannadhasan , Venusamy Kanagaraj , R. Nagarajan
Published: November 2022

Ultrashort pulses with exceptionally broad bandwidth and low power are transmitted and received by ultrawideband radar systems. While these features make UWB radars safe for use around people and compatible with other equipment, they also make it more difficult to detect the echo signal they produce. As a result, the radar antenna is crucial in UWB systems; in fact, it must be able to meet the broad band of frequency response and directivity requirements simultaneously. It is suggested that a radiated beam or gadgets worn on the body be used to minimize “losses” to the surroundings. In UWB imaging devices, a very narrow pulse is broadcast from a UWB antenna to penetrate the body. When the pulse travels through several tissues, reflections and scattering take place at the interfaces. Special attention should be paid to the diffused signal from a tumor-initiating small-tissue sample.
Automatic Classification of Diseases From X-Ray Images Using Xception Deep Convolution Neural Networks
Authors: Venkatesan R.  , Umamaheswari P.
Published: November 2022

The growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning in recent years has been played vital role scientific and research related field. The influence of AI can be seen and felt in many fields today. One of the most important applications of AI is in the field of medicine. Across the globe, many radiological societies are exploring medical image analysis (MIA) with the application of AI techniques. The inclusion and deployment of AI in medical imaging have changed the way of interpretation and diagnosis drastically. This experiment was aimed to classify multiple diseases from the X-ray images using Xception deep convolutional neural networks (XDCNN). The chest X-ray images were trained in the Xception network. The system classified 18 diseases based on ground truths and the accuracy rate was calculated.
Preserving Privacy of Patients With Disabilities in the Smart Healthcare Systems
Authors: Menon Sanjana Chelat , Prasad Sanjana , Soni Gulshan
Published: November 2022

With a greater boost in the development of technology, the healthcare industry has had a huge development in terms of offering innovative diagnoses and services to patients. Healthcare has become an indispensable resource in the daily lives of humans leading to a huge innovation in the healthcare sector. To improve the efficiency of diagnosis and with the potential to offer better treatment to patients, the healthcare industry has adopted numerous technologies such as the internet of things (IoT), machine learning, blockchain, etc., to pave way for sustainability in the medicinal sector. These systems, though very advanced, have some drawbacks; like problems of security and privacy of medical data that can expose these records to threats of privacy, and loss of data through manhandling of records and data transactions resulting in delays, while the patient is being monitored. etc., which can pose a major threat to the patient's well-being. This paper will provide how a blockchain network in any IoT-based device can help in the preservation of these medical records, using suitable algorithms.
Effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Lepidium meyenii Walp (red and black maca) on Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Paternina-Ricardo Saray , Salgado Barbara Arroyo , Espiñeira Maria Cecilia García
Published: November 2022

Lepidium meyenii (maca) is a Peruvian nutraceutical plant, whose hypocotyl has a variety of colors ranging from black to white. The black and red varieties of maca have been the most studied since their extracts are associated with effects such as increased sperm count, decreased glucose levels, reversal of prostatic hyperplasia, among others. However, the properties related to reduction of oxidative stress, metabolic diseases and anti-aging have not yet been confirmed. The aim was to evaluate the effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts, obtained from spray-dried hydroalcoholic extract of hypocotyl of black and red maca (Lepidium meyenii), on mortality, growth, reproduction, lipid accumulation and the expression levels of genes related to oxidative stress and heat shock, in the in-vivo model, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), using different concentrations. The results showed that maca extracts were not toxic to the model at concentrations below 100 mg L-1. However, higher concentrations caused high mortality, growth disturbances, oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. Black maca extracts increased the reproduction of C. elegans by increasing the number of offspring in C. elegans, both in aqueous and ethanolic extracts. On the other hand, ethanolic extracts produced an increase in the expression of genes related to oxidative stress, indicating a mild stressor behavior of the same. C. elegans represents an established model for evaluating the biological properties of nutraceutical plants of biological interest and can be used in the search for antioxidant activity of L. meyenii (hypocotyl), as well as it can be used in future studies to identify some metabolites involved in each biological property and to understand the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in these properties.