bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Association Learning in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex in the Absence of Behavioral Reversals
Authors: Cromer Jason A. , Machon Michelle , Miller Earl K.
Published: July 2010

The PFC plays a central role in our ability to learn arbitrary rules, such as “green means go.” Previous experiments from our laboratory have used conditional association learning to show that slow, gradual changes in PFC neural activity mirror monkeys' slow acquisition of associations. These previous experiments required monkeys to repeatedly reverse the cue–saccade associations, an ability known to be PFC-dependent. We aimed to test whether the relationship between PFC neural activity and behavior was due to the reversal requirement, so monkeys were trained to learn several new conditional cue–saccade associations without reversing them. Learning-related changes in PFC activity now appeared earlier and more suddenly in correspondence with similar changes in behavioral improvement. This suggests that learning of conditional associations is linked to PFC activity regardless of whether reversals are required. However, when previous learning does not need to be suppressed, PFC acquires associations more rapidly.
A novel bioactive fabric dyed with unripe Citrus grandis Osbeck extract part 1: dyeing properties and antimicrobial activity on cotton knit fabrics
Authors: Eunjou Yi  , Eun Sook Yoo
Published: July 2010

In order to explore the potential use of Citrus grandis Osbeck in biomedical applications for improving human’s skin health, cotton knit fabric was dyed with the citrus extract under varied conditions including temperature, duration, pH, and dye concentration and evaluated for fastness and antimicrobial activity. The fabric was optimized for maximum dye uptake at a pH of 3, dyeing temperature of 60°C, dyeing duration of 60 min, and dye concentration of 800% owf. The dye fastness to rubbing, washing, perspiration, and light were reasonably good for 800% owf dyed fabrics. In terms of antimicrobial efficacy, fabric dyed with the high concentration showed excellent bacterial reduction rates against Staphylococcus aureus for up to five repetitions of laundering, which implies there is a need to improve antimicrobial durability. In a following work, the optimally dyed fabric will be tested for in-vivo dermal effects.
Some Physicomechanical Investigations on Near-transparent High Hydrolyzed Grade Poly(vinyl alcohol) Gels Impregnated with Surface-modified Waste Fly Ash
Authors: Saha Areejit , Bandyopadhyay Abhijit
Published: July 2010

Polymeric gel composed of high hydrolyzed grade poly(vinyl alcohol) and surface-modified waste fly ash has been synthesized and reported for the first time. Organic chlorosilane has been used as the surface modifier for the as-received fly ash samples for strong interaction with poly(vinyl alcohol). The resultant gels are visually transparent and thermally stable as compared to the virgin poly(vinyl alcohol). These are also mechanically stronger than the base polymer and as-received fly ash/poly(vinyl alcohol) gels due to better polymer-surface-modified fly ash interaction as reflected from their viscometric results.
Responsiveness in American Local Governments
Authors: Palus Christine Kelleher
Published: July 2010

Does the disposition of public opinion affect the progressivism of public policy? While scholars devote a significant amount of attention to opinion–policy linkages at the national, state, and even county levels in such a manner, a similarly defined relationship in local domains remains untested. In this research note, the author offers an alternative for understanding local representation through an investigation of the relationship between the public’s ideology and government spending patterns in twenty-six urban areas across multiple policy areas. The results indicate that the ideological preferences of citizens are reflected in the spending decisions of governments.
Congestive Heart Failure in 6 African Grey Parrots (Psittacus e erithacus)
Authors: Juan-Sallés C. , Soto S. , Garner M. M. , Montesinos A. , Ardiaca M.
Published: July 2010

Six African grey parrots ( Psittacus e erithacus) were diagnosed with cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure based on gross and microscopic findings. Ages ranged from 15 days to 8 years, and 5 of 6 parrots were either neonates or juveniles at the time of diagnosis. Two neonates and 2 juveniles came from the same breeding aviary; the 2 juveniles were born to the same breeding pair. The 2 other parrots were kept as pets. Clinical signs included distention of the coelomic cavity (4 of 6), rales (3 of 6), weakness (4 of 6), bradyarrhythmia (1 of 6), growth retardation (1 of 6), crop stasis (1 of 6), and regurgitation (1 of 6). Three parrots were euthanized and 3 died. Gross findings included cardiomegaly due to biventricular, right-, or left-sided cardiomyopathy (6 of 6); coelomic effusion (6 of 6); whitish or yellow foci in the liver (6 of 6); atrophy of the liver (particularly, the left lobe; 5 of 6); reddened or grey lungs (5 of 6); subcutaneous edema (2 of 6); hydropericardium (1 of 6); and bilateral thyroid gland enlargement (1 of 6). Relevant microscopic findings included passive hepatic congestion (6 of 6) and pulmonary congestion (2 of 6), lymphocytic thyroiditis (2 of 6), and diffuse thyroid follicular hyperplasia (2 of 6). Microscopically, the heart was unremarkable (2 of 6) or had mild lymphocytic myocarditis (2 of 6), mild multifocal cytoplasmic vacuolation of cardiomyocytes (2 of 6), mild lymphocytic myocardial (Purkinje cell) ganglioneuritis (1 of 6), and mild multifocal interstitial fibrosis and nuclear hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes (1 of 6). One parrot had concurrent proventricular dilatation disease (systemic ganglioneuritis). The cause of cardiomyopathy in these parrots was not determined.
Criticisms of Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply and Mankiw’s Presentation
Authors: Moseley Fred
Published: July 2010

This paper argues that the standard AD-AS framework as presented in intermediate macroeconomic textbooks is (1) internally logically inconsistent and (2) empirically unrealistic. The logical inconsistency is because the AD and AS curves represent two mutually exclusive theories of the relation between output and the price level in the same economy. The empirical unreality is that it assumes that, when there is excess supply, prices will fall, and furthermore, falling prices will return the economy to full employment. Neither of these assumptions is valid for our economy today. The paper focuses specifically on Mankiw’s presentation of AD-AS in his best-selling textbook.

JEL classification: A22, E10
Severe and refractory myositis in mixed connective tissue disease: a description of a rare case
Authors: Bonin CC , Santos Pires da Silva B. , Mota LM , de Carvalho JF
Published: July 2010

Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a rare disease that includes clinical and laboratorial manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and polymyositis that is associated with high titers of anti-U1RNP antibodies. In general, muscle involvement is subclinical, usually appearing as an increase in muscle enzyme levels that tends to be a characteristic of the initial phases of the disease. Severe clinical muscle weakness is not observed in this disease. The objective of this study is to report a rare case of a patient who presented a severe onset of myositis characterized by dysphagia, an increase in myopathy and a weakening of the cervical musculature. While there was no response to the administration of an initial dose of corticosteroids, improvement was observed after increasing the dose of corticosteroids, in addition to the initiation of pulse therapy with methylprednisolone accompanied by methotrexate treatment. The authors emphasize that there is only one previously reported case regarding a child with MCTD and severe clinical myopathy on electromyography and muscle biopsy, and they report in this article one adult female patient who presented severe myositis and was refractive to corticotherapy.
When My Eyes Bring Pain to My Soul, and Vice Versa: Facing Preconceptions in Email and Face-to-Face Interviews
Authors: Bjerke Trond N.
Published: July 2010

What are the factors influencing the trustworthiness of data produced in email interviews? The main purpose of this article is to reflect on this issue by discussing two examples from my own experience of conducting email interviews in combination with face-to-face interviews. The main questions were: What different premises guide and shape the interpretation and analysis of subjects as text or as embodiment when interviews are conducted face-to-face or by email? Is the researcher more or less a victim of his or her own imagination and preconceptions when interviewing people via email, relying solely on the written text to understand who the Other is? From a constructivist-inspired interaction perspective, I suggest that other possible strategies of visibility emerge in the interaction between the interviewer and participant in email interviews. These strategies are rooted in the researcher’s personal and embodied knowledge of the field under investigation.
Approaches to and Outcomes of Dyadic Interview Analysis
Authors: Eisikovits Zvi , Koren Chaya
Published: July 2010

Qualitative studies on dyads have increased over the last two decades. However, emphasis has been on their thematic content, and very few methodological advances have occurred for conducting this type of research. For instance, literature exists about ways to collect dyadic data, but not how to analyze it. Our aim with this article is to discuss dyadic analysis using data from separate interviews, which is then analyzed on both individual and dyadic levels. We focus on the contrasts and overlaps between the partners’ versions as reflected in the text and subtext, and on the descriptive and interpretive levels, based on data from our recent study on second couplehood in old age. We examine how dyadic analysis assists in deriving themes related to the nature of couple relationships, which could otherwise not have been reached.
Holding Harm: Narrative Methods in Mental Health Research on Refugee Trauma
Authors: De Haene Lucia , Grietens Hans , Verschueren Karine
Published: July 2010

In this article, we question narrative inquiry’s predominant ethics of benefit when engaging in narrative research on trauma and social suffering. Through a particular focus on the use of a narrative methodology in a refugee health study, we explore the potential risk and protective function of narrative trauma research with vulnerable respondents. A review of ethical questions emerging during the course of a multiple-case study with refugee families documents how narrative methods’ characteristics clearly revisit the impact of traumatization on autonomy, narrativity, and relationship building in participants and, thus, evoke the replay of traumatic experience within the research relationship itself. Blurring a straightforward ethics of benefit, this reactivation of trauma accounts for the research relationship’s balancing movement between reiterating and transforming traumatic distress, and urges for the need to contain coexisting aspects of both harm and benefit in developing narrative research with traumatized participants.
Finding Myth and Motive in Language: A Narrative of Organizational Change
Authors: Bathurst Ralph J. , Monin Nanette
Published: July 2010

Our article defines myth as “ideology in narrative form” and explores the role of myth in an organizational change story. Following Roland Barthes we show that when word meaning shifts from first- to second-order semiology the myth that develops within the second-order semiology of a discourse may become a determinant of change outcomes. Here we tell a story of a symphony orchestra that operated as a self-governing co-operative for its first 25 years but, influenced by the storying of second-order semiology, it undertook a radical change: it adopted a corporate style of governance. We explore this change as an example of a restructuring that was assumed to be managed rationally but was in part mythologically driven.
Authors’ Response to Commentaries on “Appreciative Inquiry as a Shadow Process”
Authors: Fitzgerald Stephen P , Oliver Christine , Hoxsey Joan C
Published: July 2010

In this response to Boje and Bushe’s commentaries on our article, Appreciative Inquiry as a Shadow Process, we argue that a reflexive ethical answerability regarding one’s role in constructing narratives can help bridge critical and appreciative inquiry and draw upon their inherent complementarities.
Angiotensinogen gene polymorphism in acute myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Mehri Sounira , Mahjoub Sinda , Farhati Abdeljelil , Bousaada Rafik , Ben Arab Saïda , Baudin Bruno , Hammami Mohamed
Published: July 2010

Introduction. The objective of the study was to explore the role of a genetic variant of angiotensinogen (AGT), M235T, as an independent risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to investigate the possible association with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), estimated on the basis of the number of coronary stenoses and critical arterial occlusions.

Patients and methods. 123 AMI patients were compared to 144 healthy controls. AGT genotypes were determined by PCR.

Results. A significant association was found between AGT M235T polymorphism and AMI ( p = .021). By logistic regression, the TT genotype appeared to confer 1.9-fold increased risk for AMI in both the univariate and the multivariate model. The frequencies of the TT genotype and T allele increased with the number of stenoses in coronary vessels. Moreover, the TT genotype and the T allele were more frequent in the subgroup of patients with stenoses in at least four coronary vessels than in other patients, including subjects with one- to three-vessel disease. Furthermore, the TT genotype and the T allele were significantly more frequent in patients with critical arterial occlusions (> 90%) than in subjects without critical stenoses.

Conclusions. The AGT M235T polymorphism associates with AMI risk and influences CAD severity.
Transforming Time: A New Tool for Youth Justice
Authors: Drakeford Mark , Gregory Lee
Published: July 2010

This article introduces the idea of time banks and argues for its relevance to youth justice workers. It outlines the purpose and functions of time banks before considering three practical ways in which they can be put to use in contemporary youth justice practice in England and Wales. The article argues that time banks offer a new possibility for local action by youth justice workers which both improves the immediate circumstances of users and alters the nature of services themselves.
Current Responses to Youth Racially Motivated Offending
Authors: Smithson Hannah , Wilcox Aidan , Monchuk Leanne
Published: July 2010

This article presents the findings from a study for the Youth Justice Board (YJB) to identify the prevalence of racially motivated offending (RMO) amongst young people and Youth Justice System responses to it. The article focuses on programmes for RMO and presents the findings of a survey of Youth Offending Teams (YOTs) and secure establishments to establish the extent of provision for RMO, along with interviews with practitioners and young people. The findings demonstrate the majority of provision is multifaceted but also ad hoc and does not address the evidence on the causes of RMO. The multiplicity of causes needs to be reflected in the interventions designed to tackle it.
Setting the Standard: Role Definition for a Secondary Literacy Coach
Authors: DiMeglio Rachele A. , Mangin Melinda M.
Published: July 2010

This case introduces Karen, a middle school literacy coach attempting to navigate the myriad tasks she performs. As she aims to satisfy everyone’s needs Karen struggles to prioritize and focus her work. The accompanying teaching notes utilize the International Reading Association’s “Standards for Middle and High School Literacy Coaches” to highlight the importance of clearly defining the literacy coach role.
Mentors Coaching Principals in Instructional Leadership: The Case of Rebecca and Ramon
Authors: Carver Cynthia L.
Published: July 2010

This case is told from the perspective of Rebecca, a highly skilled mentor teacher, who struggles to work effectively with Ramon, the school principal.This case focuses on the supports and resources that instructional teacher leaders can provide to their school administrators. As the case suggests, the presence of well-trained mentors presents the field with an opportunity to reconceive traditional views of leadership practice. Ultimately, the case challenges the notion that principals alone are responsible for providing instructional leadership.
Essential role for focal adhesion kinase in regulating stress hematopoiesis
Authors: Vemula Sasidhar , Ramdas Baskar , Hanneman Philip , Martin Joseph , Beggs Hilary E. , Kapur Reuben
Published: July 2010

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that has been extensively studied in fibroblasts; however its function in hematopoiesis remains an enigma. FAK is thought to be expressed in myeloid and erythroid progenitors, and its expression is enhanced in response to cytokines such as granu-locyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Furthermore, bone marrow cells cultured in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor show active migration and chemoattractant-induced polarization, which correlates with FAK induction. While loss of FAK in mice results in embryonic lethality, we have deleted FAK in the adult bone marrow. We show an essential role for FAK in regulating hemolytic, myelotoxic, as well as acute inflammatory stress responses in vivo. In vitro, loss of FAK in erythroid and myeloid progenitor's results in impaired cytokine induced growth and survival, as well as defects in the activation and expression of antiapoptotic proteins caspase 3 and Bcl-xL. Additionally, reduced migration and adhesion of myeloid cells on extracellular matrix proteins, as well as impaired activation of Rac GTPase is also observed in the absence of FAK. Our studies reveal an essential role for FAK in integrating growth/survival and adhesion based functions in myeloid and erythroid cells predominantly under conditions of stress.
A novel role of IL-17–producing lymphocytes in mediating lytic bone disease in multiple myeloma
Authors: Noonan Kimberly , Marchionni Luigi , Anderson Judy , Pardoll Drew , Roodman G. David , Borrello Ivan
Published: July 2010

Osteoclast (OC)–mediated lytic bone disease remains a cause of major morbidity in multiple myeloma. Here we demonstrate the critical role of interleukin-17–producing marrow infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs) in OC activation and development of bone lesions in myeloma patients. Unlike MILs from normal bone marrow, myeloma MILs possess few regulatory T cells (Tregs) and demonstrate an interleukin-17 phenotype that enhances OC activation. In univariate analyses of factors mediating bone destruction, levels of cytokines that selectively induce and maintain the Th17 phenotype tightly correlated with the extent of bone disease in myeloma. In contrast, MILs activated under conditions that skew toward a Th1 phenotype significantly reduced formation of mature OC. These findings demonstrate that interleukin-17 T cells are critical to the genesis of myeloma bone disease and that immunologic manipulations shifting MILs from a Th17 to a Th1 phenotype may profoundly diminish lytic bone lesions in multiple myeloma.
Epidemiology and control of intestinal schistosomiasis on the Sesse Islands, Uganda: integrating malacology and parasitology to tailor local treatment recommendations
Authors: Standley Claire J , Adriko Moses , Arinaitwe Moses , Atuhaire Aaron , Kazibwe Francis , Fenwick Alan , Kabatereine Narcis B , Stothard J Russell
Published: July 2010

Background

Intestinal schistosomiasis is often widespread among the populations living around Lake Victoria and on its islands. The Sesse Island group (containing some 84 islands), however, is typically assumed to be a low prevalence zone, with limited transmission, but has never been surveyed in detail. Here, we present a rapid mapping assessment, bringing together snail and parasite information, at 23 sites for the presence of intermediate host snails and at 61 sites for the prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis in school-aged children (N = 905). Two different diagnostic tools were used and compared at 45 of these sites: Kato-Katz thick faecal smears and circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) urine dipsticks.

Results

Biomphalaria snails were found at 11 sites but in low numbers; none was found shedding schistosome cercariae. At 22 out of the 45 sites, local prevalence by urine and/or stool diagnostics was in excess of 50%, although mean prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis overall was 34.6% (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 31.0-38.3%) by Kato-Katz and 46.5% (95% CI = 42.7-50.4%) by CCA if 'trace' reactions were considered infection-positive (if considered infection-negative, mean prevalence was 28.1% (95% CI = 24.7-31.7%)). Diagnostic congruence between CCA and Kato-Katz was poor and significant discordance in estimated prevalence by location was found, with each often inferring different mass drug administration regimes.

Conclusions

Accurate estimation of schistosome prevalence is important for determining present and future treatment needs with praziquantel; the wide range of schistosome prevalence across the Sesse Island group requires a treatment regime largely tailored to each island. In high prevalence locations, further malacological sampling is required to confirm the extent of local transmission, especially on the northern islands within the group. The observation that different diagnostic tests can provide varying results in terms of estimating prevalence by location, and hence change treatment recommendations, suggests that care must be taken in interpreting raw prevalence data. In particular, further research into the reasons for the differences in the poorer performance of the CCA test should be pursued.
Paternally biased X inactivation in mouse neonatal brain
Authors: Wang Xu , Soloway Paul D , Clark Andrew G
Published: July 2010

Background

X inactivation in female eutherian mammals has long been considered to occur at random in embryonic and postnatal tissues. Methods for scoring allele-specific differential expression with a high degree of accuracy have recently motivated a quantitative reassessment of the randomness of X inactivation.

Results

After RNA-seq data revealed what appeared to be a chromosome-wide bias toward under-expression of paternal alleles in mouse tissue, we applied pyrosequencing to mouse brain cDNA samples from reciprocal cross F1 progeny of divergent strains and found a small but consistent and highly statistically significant excess tendency to under-express the paternal X chromosome.

Conclusions

The bias toward paternal X inactivation is reminiscent of marsupials (and extraembryonic tissues in eutherians), suggesting that there may be retained an evolutionarily conserved epigenetic mark driving the bias. Allelic bias in expression is also influenced by the sampling effect of X inactivation and by cis-acting regulatory variation (eQTL), and for each gene we quantify the contributions of these effects in two different mouse strain combinations while controlling for variability in Xce alleles. In addition, we propose an efficient method to identify and confirm genes that escape X inactivation in normal mice by directly comparing the allele-specific expression ratio profile of multiple X-linked genes in multiple individuals.
Full-Scale Experimental Research on PE Sheathing of Stay-Cable
Authors: Luo Hui , Jianmin Zi , Zhu Hongping , Fang Huiming , Xu Wensheng
Published: July 2010

The polyethylene (PE) sheathing of a stay-cable is easily damaged during the setup process due to the incorrect clamping choices, improper rubber blankets for the clamp, or inappropriate clamping force. In this paper, a full-scale experiment was carried out to study the compressive and tensile performances of the high-density PE sheathing during clamping. The clamping force, the length of the clamp, and the type of the rubber blankets used for clamping were evaluated in full-scale tests on Su-Tong Yangtze River Bridge, which is the cable-stayed bridge of the largest span in the world. During the setup process of the stayed-cables of Su-Tong Yangtze River Bridge, neither the cable clamp sliding nor the PE sheathing crushing occurred.
The Interaction of Genotype and Night Temperature in Oat and Barley Varieties1
Authors: Grafius J. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A method is suggested for observing and measuring the genotype‐night temperature interaction in the field. Data indicate that the interaction may be an important factor in the relative yields of a variety of oats or barley. Genotype‐night temperature interaction curves were found to fit the equation y = c10kt where y = yield in percent of the location mean, and t = average daily minimum temperature over a given period. Values for c and k are constant for a given variety.
Pubescence Inheritance and Leafhopper Resistance Relationships in Alfalfa1
Authors: Taylor Norman L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Pubescent alfalfa plants (Hairy Arabian) were found more resistant to leafhopper infestation than glabrous plants, although differences in resistance were found among progenies of glabrous plants, indicating that resistance was inherited. Pubescence was inherited as a quantitative character. Data indicate undesirability of using this type of pubescence as a source of leafhopper resistance.
Factors Causing Errors in the Determination of Dry Matter and Nitrogen in Forage Crops1
Authors: Hesse W. H. , Kennedy W. K.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Green forage piled over bagged samples resulted in more accurate measurement of dry matter content of forage samples. The protection decreased moisture loss by evaporation. Weighing on an accurate balance in a building was more accurate than weighing immediately in the field on less sensitive scales. Respiration losses occurred when samples were not oven‐dried until 24 hours after collection. Samples subjected to respiration loss showed greater concentration of total nitrogen than those with no dry matter losses.
Some Applications of the Thermoelectric Method for Measuring Water Flow Rates in Plants1
Authors: Bloodworth M. E. , Page J. B. , Cowley W. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Maximum transpiration rates for cotton plants were found to occur when relative humidities varied between 42 and 50%, temperatures from 95 to 100 F., and wind velocities between 1 and 4 miles per hour. Soil moisture tension appeared to control absorption and movement of water in plants.
Detasseling Responses in Corn1
Authors: Grogan Clarence O.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Detasseling increased corn yields under conditions of drought, low soil fertility, and above‐optimum plant populations. Data indicate that detasseling should be beneficial at close spacings with strong competition for soil nutrients.
Inter‐relationship of Tillers and Main Stems in Oats1
Authors: Labanauskas C. K. , Dungan G. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Data suggest that the undisturbed main stem of oats is not affected materially by tillers, although translocation of nutrients can take place under certain conditions, viz., when blades are removed from the main stem or tillers, and when panicles are removed and blades remain intact. Defoliated tillers benefited from an undisturbed main stem in order of their age. The performance of any stem appears to be influenced by the favorableness of conditions surrounding other stems of the same plant.
The Distribution of Excreta by Freely Grazing Cattle and Its Effect on Pasture Fertility: II. Effect of Returned Excreta on the Residual Concentration of Some Fertilizer Elements1
Authors: Petersen R. G. , Woodhouse W. W. , Lucas H. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Data indicate that freely grazing animals distribute fertilizers inefficiently, the degree varying with size of the area effectively fertilized by each excretion and with the rate of loss of each element after application. The greatest benefit from excretal return of such elements, as P and K appear to be under conditions of high stocking rate and long periods of grazing time. Reliable values for such factors as effective area fertilizer per excretion and rate of nutrient loss are needed to estimate the effect of grazing animals on the fertility status of a pasture.
Varietal Responses of Soybeans to a Bacterial‐Induced Chlorosis1
Authors: Erdman Lewis W. , Johnson Herbert W. , Clark Francis
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

The degree of susceptibility of 40 varieties of the soybean (Glycine max L.) to a bacterial‐induced chlorosis is reported. Ten varieties showed no chlorosis when given selected inoculants in greenhouse tests; 7 others proved to be negligibly susceptible; 11 varieties showed a light or variable susceptibility; 6 were moderately susceptible; and 6 were highly susceptible. The results are discussed in relation to nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation and yield.
Availability of Ammoniacal Nitrogen to Lowland Rice as Influenced by Fertilizer Placement1
Authors: Mikkelsen D. S. , Finfrock D. C.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

Sub‐surface (drilled) placement of ammonium nitrogen produced better growth and yields of lowland rice than similar nitrogen applied on the soil surface (broadcast). Nitrogen content of rice plants and percentage recovery of the applied nitrogen also increased. Ammonium nitrogen drilled 2 to 4 inches into the soil, where reducing conditions developed 3 to 5 days after flooding, remained in the soil and was available to lowland rice. Surface nitrogen, applied by broadcast methods, did not promote the best growth of rice. Losses of surface applied nitrogen apparently occurred through processes of nitrification and subsequently denitrification.
Fractionation of Phosphorus in Kansas Soils and Its Significance in Response of Wheat to Phosphate Fertilizers1
Authors: Bhangoo M. S. , Smith F. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Phosphorus of seven surface soils and corresponding subsoils was fractionated. Iron and aluminum phosphates accounted for more than half of the total P in surface material and about two‐thirds of that in subsoils. Organic P represented about one‐third of the total P in surface soils but only about one‐fifth in subsoils; “adsorbed” P and acid soluble P represented about 10% and 5%, respectively, of the total. Two distinctly different methods were used to measure “chemically available” phosphorus. Each method was satisfactory.
Competitive Relationships in Variable Weed and Soybean Stands1
Authors: Weber Charles R. , Staniforth David W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Growth of annual weeds increased markedly and bean yield reductions became more severe with soybean stands of less than 9 to 11 plants per foot of row. Bean yield reductions were more severe when weeds were left until or after stage 7 (early August). With moderate weed infestations and moisture deficits during the growing season, soybean yield reductions were less than with adequate moisture. Foxtail and smartweed infestations reduced bean yields about equally. Dry matter yields of above‐ground plant parts of soybeans and weeds together were slightly higher than that of weed‐free beans.
Change in Nutrient Element Accumulation by Corn With Depletion of Soil Moisture1
Authors: Jenne E. A. , Rhoades H. F. , Yien C. H. , Howe O. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Phosphorus, dry matter, nitrogen, magnesium, potassium and calcium accumulation by the mature corn plant grown under conditions of decreasing soil moisture supply were 40, 44, 50, 65, 71 and 93%, respectively, of the values obtained for the mature corn plant produced with adequate moisture throughout the growing season.
Tests of Drouth and Heat Hardiness of Winter Wheat1
Authors: Sandhu Anup Singh , Laude H. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Resistance to heat and to drouth in five varieties of wheat was associated with high root/top ratios, slow water loss from excised plants, and better field yields under drouth conditions.
The Influence of Barley Stripe Mosaic on Yield and Other Plant Characters of 8 Spring Wheat Varieties Grown at 4 Nitrogen Levels1
Authors: McNeal F. H. , Berg M. A. , Afanasiev M. M. , Army T. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Barley stripe mosaic infection caused moderate to severe reduction in plant height, total culms, dry‐matter production, kernel weight, test weight, and grain yield in 8 spring wheat varieties. The average yield reduction attributable to infection was 32.8% in the 8 varieties. Protein percentages were higher in grain from the diseased plots than from the healthy plots. Variety C.I. 13041 was not greatly affected. The application of nitrogen tended to increase symptom development of the disease.
The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Relationship Between Increases in Yields and Protein Content of Pastry‐Type Wheats1
Authors: Hunter Albert S. , Gerard Cleveland J. , Waddoups H. Marr , Hall W. E. , Cushman H. E. , Alban L. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Protein content was not raised to objectionably high values until more nitrogen was applied than that needed to produce “maximum yield.” When applied nitrogen increased the yields significantly, they increased at a greater rate than protein content; for greater applications, protein content increased more rapidly than yield.
Effect of Row Direction on Spring Oat Yields1
Authors: Pendleton J. W. , Dungan G. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Spring oats drilled in north‐south direction yielded slightly more grain than those seeded in east‐west direction. The advantage for north‐south row direction increased as row spacing increased. Stand counts of inter‐seeded clover varied with oat row spacing and this variation was affected by distance from the oat rows and also the direction of the oat rows. Soil moisture and light intensity data were collected in an attempt to explain this interesting ecological phenomenon.
Analyses of Diallel Crosses Among Ten Varieties of Soybeans1
Authors: Leffel R. C. , Weiss M. G.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Three methods of statistical analysis were similar in detecting lines exhibiting unexpected performance in the F1 generation, but gave different estimates on which were based the interpretations of parental‐F1 relationships.
Effect of Subsoiling and Rotation on Yields of Corn1
Authors: Anderson J. C. , Neal O. R. , Vomocil J. A. , Brill G. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yields of corn were consistently depressed by sub‐soiling when soil moisture was at field capacity. Rotation substantially corrected this in about 4 years. Yields of corn were closely related to water stability of aggregates and to soil bulk density measurements.
Effectiveness of the Rotary Hoe for Weed Control in Soybeans1
Authors: Lovely W. G. , Weber C. R. , Staniforth D. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Rotary hoeing performed when weeds were germinating but not emerged, and repeated once or twice at approximately 5‐day intervals, reduced weed infestations 70 to 80% and soybean stands about 10% in solid‐seeded and row‐planted soybeans. Bean yields were only slightly less than those from weed‐free plantings. When hoeing was delayed until weeds had emerged, both weed control and bean yield were impaired 50%. Wet soil conditions before or after hoeing reduced its effectiveness.
Nitrogen Fertilization Increases N, P, and K Concentrations in Oats1
Authors: Grunes D. L. , Krantz B. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Top‐dressings of N in the spring, 2 to 3 weeks before oats were plowed under in the “boot” stage, increased N, P, and K concentrations in oat tops. This effect on P and K absorption was due in part to increased root growth.
The Effects of Continued Use of Heavy Rates of Fertilizers on Forage Production and Quality of Coastal Bermudagrass1
Authors: Fisher F. L. , Caldwell A. G.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Coastal Bermudagrass produced an average (1954–57) of 13.0 tons of 13% protein hay per acre when fertilized with 1000 pounds of nitrogen annually. Without nitrogen 2.7 tons of 8% protein hay was produced. Four hundred pounds of N annually produced 8.6 tons of 12% protein hay. Plant and soil analyses suggest a 5–1–2 ratio of N, P2O5, and K2O should be applied to obtain high production. Liming is necessary to control soil acidity.
Principles of Nutrient Uptake From Fertilizer Bands: III. Band Volume, Concentration, and Nutrient Composition1
Authors: Duncan W. G. , Ohlrogge A. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The volume of soil fertilized in greenhouse experiments had no effect on fertilizer uptake when phosphate was applied alone but caused significant differences when nitrogen was added to the fertilizer placement.
Yield and Protein Content of Irrigated Napiergrass, Guineagrass and Pangolagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization1
Authors: Little Samuel , Vicente Jose , Abruna Fernando
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Irrigated, properly fertilized napiergrass, guineagrass and pangolagrass produced 51,491, 41,714, and 18,907 pounds of dry forage per acre yearly, respectively. Yields of napiergrass and guineagrass increased markedly with nitrogen rates up to 800 pounds of N per acre yearly. Protein content of all the grasses increased with nitrogen fertilization up to the 1,600 pound level at which it approached 12% with all species.
Influence of Gibberellic Acid on the Growth of Kentucky Bluegrass1
Authors: Leben Curt , Alder E. F. , Chichuk Alexander
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Gibberellic acid applied at various times of the year produced an initial increase of growth of established bluegrass, With late fall or early spring applications the initial increase was followed by less growth, resulting in no over‐all gain. Summer plots treated biweekly produced more grass than controls by the end of that season; however, the next spring the ground cover on treated plots was less. A single fall application likewise resulted in less spring cover.
Effectiveness of Various Solutions for Simulating Drouth Conditions as Measured by Germination and Seedling Growth1
Authors: Wiggans S. C. , Gardner F. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Progressively increasing concentrations of glucose, sucrose, and D‐mannitol solutions decreased the germination percentage and radicle elongation of radish and sorghum seed. Solutions of NaCl and PVP apparently were toxic to seed germination. The use of antibiotics had no effect on germination and radicle elongation.
Corn Yields as Influenced by Nitrogen Level and Drouth Intensity1
Authors: Parks W. L. , Knetsch J. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Corn yields on a Lintonia soil receiving several rates of nitrogen ranged from 17 to 138 bushels per acre over a 3‐year period. The drouth conditions for each growing season were indexed and the corn yields related to the nitrogen level and drouth index by regression analyses. Such a relationship accounted for 97% of the variability between treatment means.
Stem Rust Resistant Variants in Irradiated Populations Mutations or Field Hybrids?1
Authors: Caldecott Richard S. , Stevens Harland , Roberts Bill J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The relatively large number of rust‐resistant mutants observed in the N2 coming from N1 plants not isolated in the Aberdeen nursery were not true Markton phenotype and it is suggested they are the result of field hybridization. There were no rust‐resistant mutants in the N2 population grown from isolated N1 plants.
Modification of the Step‐Point Method for Evaluating Species Yield Changes in Fertilizer Trials on Annual Grasslands1
Authors: Jones Milton B. , Evans Raymond A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Average species height times percentage of the ground covered by the species (HxG) was found to be correlated with the species yield determined by clipping, separating, and weighing. The HxG factor for each species showed more significant differences between treatments and had lower coefficients of variation than the yield data for that species. Much less time was required to obtain the HxG measurement than to get species yields, and the precision of HxG was greater.
Pollen Shedding in Russian Wildrye Grass1
Authors: Dotzenko A. D. , Stegmeier W. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Russian wildrye grass shed pollen for a nine‐day period. Maximum pollen production occurred between 4:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. Temperature not only affected amount of pollen produced but also the length of time and time of day that pollen was produced.
The Availability of Sulfur in Norfolk Loamy Sand and Leadvale Silt Loam as Measured by Cotton Growth1
Authors: Anderson O. E. , Webster R. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Cotton was not adversely affected when grown 5 years without added S on a Leadvale silt loam containing, in the upper 12 inches, 128 ppm of S extractable in Morgan's solution. However, when similarly grown on a Norfolk loamy sand containing one ppm extractable S, deficiency symptoms appeared on the plants by the fourth year, and yields were significantly reduced by the fifth year.
Comparative Response to Gibberellic Acid of Dwarf, Semidwarf, and Standard Short and Tall Winter Wheat Varieties1
Authors: Allan R. E. , Vogel O. A. , Craddock J. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Four dwarf and semidwarf wheat varieties were not induced to attain a standard height by treatment with gibberellic acid, and they responded less to treatment than the standard‐height varieties. Optimum growth response occurred generally after injections with 100‐ppm of gibberellic acid, whereas inhibition was sometimes observed after treatment with 1000‐ppm. Spike emergence of 3 of the 6 varieties was hastened. Treatment affected internodes of three varieties differently depending on both variety and concentration of gibberellic acid.
Some Effects of Handling on the Growth and Development of Cotton1
Authors: Frizzell J. L. , Brown Lamar C. , Waddle B. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Internode length, internode number, and height of cotton plants were reduced significantly by handling. Handling treatments did not significantly affect number of bolls set, percent of bolls shed, boll size, earliness, yield, or pollination within individual flowers.
Response of Edible Broadbean to Several Levels of Salinity1
Authors: Ayers A. D. , Eberhard D. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Using pot culture techniques, the edible broadbean (Vicia faba) was shown to have a moderate sensitivity to salt. The 50% decrement occurred at about 6 millimhos.
Yield and Mineral Composition of Eight Forage Species Grown at Four Levels of Soil Moisture1
Authors: Kilmer Victor J. , Bennett Orus L. , Stahly Virginia F. , Timmons Donald R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The effect of soil moisture levels on the concentration of 12 elements was determined in fieldgrown Atlantic and African alfalfa; red, intermediate white, and Ladino clover; fescue, reed canarygrass, and orchardgrass. The phosphorus content in all forage species increased as soil moisture supply increased but other elements were not consistently affected.
Nitrogen Dioxide Production from Silage. I. Field Survey1
Authors: Scaletti J. V. , Gates C. E. , Briggs R. A. , Schuman L. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Of 332 farm silos studied in detail, 42% showed the presence of nitrogen dioxide in concentrations considered hazardous. The factors of organic matter, available potassium and phosphorus levels in soils, and the use of sodium metabisulfite as a silage preservative were related to production of nitrogen dioxide.
The Mowing of Turfgrass. I. The Effect of Season, Interval, and Height of Mowing on the Growth of Seaside Bentgrass Turf1
Authors: Madison John H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Regrowth of mowed turf consists of two phases, elongation of cut leaves and production of new leaves. “Seaside” bentgrass produced more mean growth as clippings with longer intervals between mowings, at shorter mowing height, and during the spring.
Meristem Development of Winter Barley as Affected by Vernalization and Potassium Gibberellate1
Authors: James Norman I. , Lund Steve
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Floral initiation and acceleration of meristem development of barley were brought about by treatment with potassium gibberellate. The accelerating effect decreased, however, with increasing age of plant, resulting in delay in heading, fewer heads produced, and induction of male sterility.
Effects of Gibberellic Acid Treatment on Safflower1
Authors: Yermanos D. M. , Knowles P. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Foliar applications of gibberellic acid on field plantings of safflower depressed seed yields and oil content of the seed. They induced earliness, internode elongation, and sterility, accompanied by chlorosis and susceptibility to Phytophthora root rot. Seed weight and iodine number of the oil were not affected.
Growth and Mineral Content of Carrots and Beans as Related to Varying Osmotic and Ionic‐Composition Effects in Saline‐Sodic Sand Cultures1
Authors: Lagerwerff J. V. , Holland John P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In salt‐affected agriculture, the tolerance of the crops for sodium depends on the level of salinity, and the tolerance for salinity on the level of sodium in the growth medium.
Effects of Harvesting an Oat Companion Crop at Four Stages of Maturity on the Yield of Oats, on Light Near the Soil Surface, on Soil Moisture, and on the Establishment of Alfalfa1
Authors: Klebesadel L. J. , Smith Dale
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Oats produced highest dry matter yields at near early dough stage, but protein yields were highest at near early dough or from harvests made whenever oats reached 12 to 16 inches. Less soil moisture and light were available to the alfalfa seeding but weeds were less numerous before and after removal of the oats at maturity than when harvested earlier. Slightly thinner alfalfa stands resulted from oats harvested at maturity, but alfalfa forage yields were comparable to other treatments.
Inheritance of Resistance of Soybeans to the Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Glycines1
Authors: Caldwell B. E. , Brim C. A. , Ross J. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The F1, F2, and testcross generations from crosses involving resistant ✕ susceptible soybeans were evaluated for ability to inhibit reproduction of the soybean cyst nematode. These data indicate that resistance is the result of three independently inherited recessive genes.
Selecting Green Needlegrass for Low‐Dormacy Seed1
Authors: Schaaf H. M. , Rogler G. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Low seed dormancy of green needlegrass was transmitted from parent to progeny. In addition, dormancy was greatly influenced by environment and interactions of genotype and environment. Stage of seed maturity at harvest was particularly important. The mechanism conditioning reduced dormancy was expressed in both immature and mature seed.
Plant Competition in Relationship to Nitrogen Economy1
Authors: Peterson Maurice L. , Bendixen Leo E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The recovery of nitrogen in the top growth of orchardgrass was found to be linearly related to the clover nitrogen plus the fertilizer nitrogen in a ladino clover‐orchardgrass mixture. These studies showed a recovery of 72% and the clover nitrogen was able to completely replace fertilizer nitrogen.
Post‐Harvest Dormancy in Wheat Varieties1
Authors: Ching T. M. , Foote W. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Various degrees of post‐harvest dormancy were found in ten wheat varieties as indicated by germination speed and by specificity of germination temperature. The dormancy remained when stored at 3° C. but disappeared within one month when stored at room temperature or at 38° C. The dormancy was not related to impermeable testa or barrier for gas exchange. The presence of growth inhibitors was demonstrated.
Method of Phorate Application and Its Effect on Hessian Fly Control, Germination, and Forage and Grain Yields of Wheat1
Authors: Kerr Eric D. , Poehlman J. M. , Brown H. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Phorate, an organic phosphate chemical, when seeded with wheat in a granular form controlled the hessian fly and stimulated fall forage growth. Seed treatments with phorate reduced stands and decreased fall forage yields and grain yields. Small reductions in germination and forage yields were obtained when phorate was applied as a fertilizer additive.