bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Gaya Belajar Mahasiswa Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining
Authors: Sapriadi Sopi , Hayati Nova , Eko Syaputra Aldo , Septi Eirlangga Yofhanda , Manurung Kiki Hariani , Hayati Nova
Published: October 2023

Sistem pakar merupakan bagian dari pemanfaatan teknologi sehingga menjadi salah satu upaya dalam mendukung berbagai aktivitas manusia. Salah satu cara di mana sistem pakar dimanfaatkan adalah dlam konteks pendidikan. Gaya belajar adalah kecendrungan individu untuk menambil pendekatan khusus dalam proses pembelajarannya, dengan tujuan memastikan bahwa mereka bertanggung jawab dlam menemukan metode belajar yang cocok baik untuk lingkungan perkuliahan maupun materi kuliah yang harus dipelajari. Terdiri dari tia tipe gaya belajar, yakni visual, auditori, dan kinestetik. Walaupun tiap individu dapat mengunakan ketiga modalitas ini tergantung paa situasi, tetap terdapat kecendrungan yang lebih dominan pada salah satu diantaranya. Sehingga dosen harus membuat pembelajaran seefektif mungkin untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran yang seefesien mungkin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kemampuan mahasiswa dalam pemahaman gaya belajar dan pemahaman mahasiswa dalam proses belajar. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini juga dapat berkontribusi dalam membatu Universitas Adzkia dalam mengambil keputusan  yang sesuai untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran di masa mendatang. . Untuk mengatasi sejumlah tantangan yang telah dijelaskan di atas, diperlukan penerapan sistem pakar yang mampu mengambil keputusan sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh para ahli. Dalam konteks sistem pakar ini yang digunakan adalah metode forward chaining. Metode ini melibatkan pelacakan ke depan, dimulai dari fakta-fakta yang ada hingga mencapai kesimpulan. Dengan pendekatan ini, tujuan akurasi dapat dicapai. Hasil dari hal ini adalah dapat mendeteksi gaya belajar dengan tingkat kesamaan dikategorikan 90%.
Perfil clínico-epidemiológico do câncer de vesícula biliar e incidência no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Da Costa Luis Alberto , Polettini Jossimara , Marcante Carlotto Jorge Roberto
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: determinar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico do câncer de vesícula biliar no Rio Grande do Sul, no âmbito de atendimentos públicos. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, analítico e observacional do tipo ecológico de série temporal, feito por meio da análise de dados secundários a partir do departamento de informática do sistema único de saúde (DATASUS). Resultados: foram confirmados 388 casos de neoplasia maligna de vesícula biliar no período estudado. A maior prevalência ocorreu no sexo feminino (71,9%), entre indivíduos compreendidos na faixa etária de 65 a 74 anos (33,3%). A macrorregião de maior prevalência foi a Metropolitana (44,6%). O estágio mais prevalente de diagnóstico foi o estágio 4 (39,8%). Conclusão: os dados demonstram aumento progressivo na taxa de incidência durante o período analisado, bem como um perfil de ocorrência da doença no sexo feminino, entre sexta e sétima décadas de vida e diagnóstico em estágio avançado.
Cuidados da equipe hospitalar em relação a saúde bucal de pacientes internados
Authors: Rodrigues Gomes Emelini , Vieira Starick Graziela , Bortoluzzi de Conto Ferreira Michele , De Oliveira Pertile Alessandra , Aparecida Begnini Évelin
Published: October 2023

Avaliar a condição de saúde bucal e as necessidades de intervenção odontológica de pacientes internados deveriam ser preocupações constantes da equipe de saúde hospitalar, já que uma infecção oral pode causar uma série de complicações na saúde geral de indivíduos debilitados sistemicamente e a saúde bucal desse paciente é muito importante para a sua recuperação. Objetivo: o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as práticas e conhecimentos da equipe hospitalar em relação aos cuidados com a higiene bucal dos pacientes internados. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, aplicado em forma de questionários auto-aplicáveis de forma on-line e presencial, realizado no segundo semestre do ano de 2020, com perguntas sobre o conhecimento e cuidados da equipe hospitalar em relação à saúde bucal de pacientes internados, onde participaram 76 profissionais da saúde, enfermeiros (as) e técnicos (as) de enfermagem que trabalham e lidam diretamente com pacientes internados e em UTIs no Hospital de Clínicas em Passo Fundo – RS. Resultados: os resultados demonstram que os profissionais, enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem, consideram as práticas de higienização bucal importantes nos pacientes internados, mas que muitas vezes não são realizadas da maneira correta. Conclusão: ao final deste estudo podemos concluir que a saúde bucal é fundamental para a qualidade de vida e saúde geral de pacientes internados. É preciso analizar o paciente de um modo geral, sem separar a boca do restante do corpo, considerando que, as infecções bucais são grandes fontes de agravamento de doenças sistêmicas.
Lesões por pressão em pacientes de unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Langaro Gabriela , Gevieschi Noetzold Eduarda Aparecida , Avila Camargo Cassiane , Paulino dos Santos Karla Priscilla , Rossarola Pozzebon Bruna , Dresch Eberhardt Thaís
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de lesão por pressão em pacientes adultos e idosos na unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde em agosto de 2021. Foram encontradas 447 produções, sendo 19 incluídas.  Resultados e discussões: identificou-se como fator de risco: o sexo masculino, idade, raça, presença de doenças, uso de medicamentos, procedimento cirúrgico, ventilação mecânica, alteração na pressão arterial, dermatite, incontinência urinária, uso de sonda vesical, diarreia, nutrição inadequada, mobilidade prejudicada, pressão óssea, umidade, alterações na pele, hipertermia, agitação psicomotora, balanço hídrico positivo, tempo de internação, entre outros. Os fatores intrínsecos foram os que mais influenciam no desenvolvimento de LP. Conclusões: os pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva, estão propensos a desenvolver um grande número de lesões por pressão, devido a instabilidade e falha de um ou mais sistemas fisiológicos.
Rethinking Transportation: A Policy Primer for the Coming Transportation Disruption
Authors: Arbib James , Seba Tony
Published: October 2023

The disruption of road transport by a new business model, Transport-as-a-Service (TaaS), has the potential to provide cities, states, and the US economy with their biggest boost in a century, while helping solve some persistent social and environmental problems at zero cost. Fleets of autonomous electric vehicles, owned by fleets (not individuals) will offer ways to transport people at much lower cost, leading to a boost in disposable incomes of more than $5,600 per household (or $1 trillion in aggregate per year), with a further $1 trillion per year boost to GDP from productivity gains. These gains will be spread far more evenly across society than tax cuts and will flow back into the economy, with the potential to create many new jobs, helping to compensate on a larger scale for those lost. This is a technology disruption – not just an energy shift – and the infrastructure for it is already mostly here.
Strategi Pemerintah Kota Bekasi dalam Pengembangan Wisata Situ Rawagede Bojong Menteng Rawalumbu Bekasi
Authors: Alexander Chaidar Firdaus , Samudra Azhari Aziz , Yulianti Isnaeni
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the Bekasi City Government's strategy so that Situ Rawa Gede Bojong Menteng tourism will be crowded and become a center of promotion and culture, then to find out what obstacles are faced in making Situ Rawa Gede Bojong Menteng tourism so many people know it. In this study using qualitative descriptive research. The research informants consisted of 1 person from the Promotion Section, 1 Tourism Implementation Staff, and 3 visitors who visited Situ Rawa Gede Bojong Menteng tourism. The results showed that (1) Maintaining the personality of the community for the people of the Situ Rawa Gede Bojong Menteng tourism area has been proven by changing the Situ into a function, (2) Sustainability of the function in the Situ Rawa Gede Bojong Menteng tourism by conducting directions to residents, (3) The quality of the environment in Situ Rawa Gede Tourism is by way of guarding, monitoring, maintaining, and managing for 24 hours in turn, (4) Promoting the economy can be called a budget, for the budget in developing Situ Rawa Gede Bojong Menteng tourism is not yet available, (5) Guidance for the community to promote tourism, (6) Strengthening Situ Rawa's promotion and culture Gede Bojong Menteng so far has not been optimal, because not all people of Bekasi City know the Situ Rawa Gede Bojong Menteng tourism object, (7) The plan to develop Situ Rawa Gede tourism on the management side, namely Bojong Menteng has submitted a proposal to request a budget, but haven't gotten clarity to date. (8) Control to Provide the right strategy by inviting the public to promote Situ Rawa Gede Bojong Menteng tourism, by cooperating with investors, (9) Facilities in Situ Rawa Gede tourism such as parking are still hitching a ride in the Arts Building, worship facilities still use saung, security facilities need to be added, service facilities are quite good
ANÁLISE DAS PERDAS NOS SISTEMAS DE ABASTECIMENTO DE ÁGUA NOS MUNICÍPIOS DO MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Portela Raphael Ricardo de Jesus , Da Costa Reginaldo Brito , Correia Jonas Benevides
Published: October 2023

A análise das perdas nos sistemas de abastecimento de água é um tema que vem se tornando cada vez mais relevante e necessário, com destaque para os aspectos de gestão dos recursos hídricos, tendo em vista a sustentabilidade e disponibilidade de água ao redor do mundo. No Brasil, o desperdício de água em sistemas de distribuição é um problema grave, mas ainda pouco estudado em nível estadual e municipal. Neste contexto, o presente estudo objetivou analisar os indicadores de perdas nos sistemas de abastecimento de água em municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul entre 2011 e 2020, utilizando os quatro indicadores mais representativos do banco de dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento (SNIS). Foram avaliados os benchmarkings dos quatro indicadores em todos os municípios do estado, utilizando dados coletados junto aos prestadores de serviço e disponibilizados pelo Ministério das Cidades. Os resultados mostraram que os municípios de Novo Horizonte do Sul e Japorã tiveram excelente desempenho na redução das perdas de água, em todos os índices analisados, indicando uma gestão eficiente e consciente dos recursos hídricos. Por outro lado, os municípios de Corumbá e Ladário apresentaram índices de perda de água acima da média, indicando problemas na gestão e operação dos sistemas, como vazamentos nas redes e ligações clandestinas. Neste sentido, é importante que os municípios do Mato Grosso do Sul invistam em programas de controle de perdas e busquem constantemente a melhoria da eficiência dos seus sistemas em operação.
RECURSOS TECNOLÓGICOS NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Vitor Ferreira Fernandes João , Aparecida Santos Railma , Santos Ferreira Renata , Carvalho Alves Rahyan de
Published: October 2023

O presente artigo objetiva discutir brevemente a incorporação dos recursos tecnológicos na educação, como ferramenta para auxiliar no processo de ensino aprendizagem, abordando os principais eventos históricos de utilização na educação brasileira; e possibilidades para aplicação de recursos tecnológicos no contexto do ensino de geografia. A pesquisa assentou-se metodologicamente em revisão bibliográfica a partir de resgate histórico da temática apresentada (recursos tecnológicos e ensino de geografia), e um segundo momento de proposições práticas de aplicação da tecnologia no ensino de Geografia a partir de gamificação, músicas e filmes. A tecnologia é uma ferramenta poderosa que pode melhorar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, mas não substitui a importância de um bom professor ou de um ambiente de aprendizado seguro e inclusivo. É fundamental que os educadores entendam como integrar a tecnologia de forma eficaz em suas aulas, escolhendo as ferramentas certas e entendendo como usá-las para maximizar o aprendizado dos alunos.
A ÁGUA COMO PROPOSTA INTERDISCIPLINAR PARA DISCUTIR A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL A PARTIR DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE ESTUDANTES DA EJA
Authors: Nunes de Oliveira Karol , Barcellos Calheiro Lisiane
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma das etapas de uma metodologia interdisciplinar, cujo objetivo foi investigar as possíveis representações sociais compartilhadas por estudantes da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) em relação à água e suas interações com o meio ambiente. O objetivo principal é compreender quais são as percepções e concepções que esses estudantes têm sobre a importância da água e como ela se relaciona com a preservação ambiental. Os resultados indicam que os estudantes possuem representações sociais do tema, as quais são alicerçadas em elementos provenientes de conhecimentos do senso comum e também divulgados na mídia. Além disso, demonstram preocupações com o meio ambiente, verificados pela diversidade das representações, evidenciadas nas respostas das questões analisadas, as quais mesclam elementos do senso comum com elementos do conhecimento científico.
PACTO NACIONAL PELA ALFABETIZAÇÃO NA IDADE CERTA COMO POLÍTICA DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA PARA PROFESSORES ALFABETIZADORES
Authors: Silva Walter Guedes , Mareco Maria Joana Durbem
Published: October 2023

A formação dos professores alfabetizadores constitui-se elemento central na melhoria da qualidade da educação básica. O objetivo desse artigo é contextualizar o Pacto Nacional Pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC) como Política de Formação Continuada para Professores Alfabetizadores. Enquanto procedimento metodológico, foram realizadas pesquisas em revistas especializadas, documentos governamentais e investigações realizadas em órgãos públicos. O referencial teórico do estudo está ancorado nos estudos educacionais que analisam as políticas públicas de formação continuada e o processo de alfabetização. Como política de formação continuada, o PNAIC possibilitou uma nova compreensão dos conceitos de alfabetização e letramento como componentes do aprendizado, mas não considerou o professor como sujeito atuante no seu processo formativo.
GEOGRAFIAS FEMINISTAS E INTERSECCIONALIDADE COMO METODOLOGIAS PARA LER E ESTAR NO MUNDO: INVESTIGANDO MULHERES TORCEDORAS DE FUTEBOL E O MACHISMO
Authors: Lindo Paula Vanessa de Farias , Pereira Stéfany
Published: October 2023

Pesquisar a interseccionalidade em diferentes categorias nos auxilia a identificar os tipos de opressão sofridos por determinados grupos sociais. Em nosso caso, a identificação das opressões ocorridas vem de um grupo de seis mulheres distintas e de realidades diferentes que se identificam como torcedoras atuantes de dois clubes brasileiros de futebol, especificamente do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense e Sport Club Internacional. Para identificar e analisar o machismo ocorrido no dia a dia das mulheres torcedoras, em suas respectivas vivências em lugares estigmatizados como masculinos, utilizamos a técnica e ferramenta Relief Maps, criada e desenvolvida pela pesquisadora Maria Rodó-de-Zárate. Como resultados, através da criação dos mapas com as torcedoras, aliada às entrevistas, obtivemos a compreensão e a comprovação de violências manifestadas de variadas formas e em diferentes lugares.
O PROCESSO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO E LETRAMENTO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: dos Santos Alceu Souza
Published: October 2023

É fato que a alfabetização e letramento vão muito além da ação de ler e escrever, pois se refere a processos diferentes. Na alfabetização há uma associação ao conhecimento, aprende-se como os sons quando falamos são convertidos em letras; por outro lado, o letramento habilita o aluno a aplicar o que aprendeu com a alfabetização. Em síntese, o presente artigo objetiva principalmente perscrutar como ocorre o processo de alfabetização na educação infantil e nesta concepção, procura estudar alguns aspectos do tema; como, por exemplo; como esse processo se amplifica no âmbito escolar, assim como sua função no desenvolvimento de metodologias para alfabetizar e também a compreensão do letramento sua contribuição no ensino/aprendizagem, disponibilizando métodos nos quais a criança seja incentivada a desenvolver de forma lúdica a leitura e ​​ a escrita.
Good Intentions are Not Good Relations
Authors: Alberta Palmer Meredith
Published: October 2023

As part of a violent project US imperial expansion into Indigenous lands, the 1862 Morrill Act endowed and continues to accrue lasting benefits for Land Grant/Grab Universities (LGUs). The last three years have seen a surge in nationwide attention and mobilization for redress and calculations of debts owed to Indigenous Peoples for the land dealings of the 52 original LGUs. This article intervenes in the LGU question in two parts. First, I demonstrate culpability of LGUs by illustrating how the Morrill Act was part of a set of US imperial policies that expanded jurisdiction into Indigenous territories through violent and imperial acts of dispossession which are maintained today. Second, I argue that any terms of debt and redress for this dispossession must be framed within Indigenous and Indigenous feminist analytics of land and territory. Restitution cannot occur on the same terms as dispossession and instead must be built through repairing and maintaining good relations within specific Indigenous protocols. These interventions inform my concluding analysis of university administrations’ responses to growing advocacy around LGUs, with a focus on Cornell University where I am situated as a researcher.
The Crimean War and the Eastern Question in the view of Catholic Americans in the middle of the XIX century (based on the materials of the Boston Pilot)
Authors: Ilyichev Anton Vladimirovich
Published: October 2023

The article examines the publications of the Boston Pilot for the period from 1849 to 1856, devoted to the Eastern question and the Crimean War. The purpose of the study is to analyze the views of Catholic Americans on the events of the mid-19th century, as a result of America's information policy to counter British expansionism in the 19th century. The subject of the study are the issues of the Boston Pilot magazine, which feature articles on the Eastern question and the Crimean War. The lower chronological frame is due to the fact that the events of 1849 ("Spring of the Peoples") served as a prologue to the crisis in the East. The object of the study is the information policy of America, aimed at forming a narrative about the Eastern question and the Crimean War among the American Catholic population, following the American foreign policy course of the XIX century.   According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the newspaper's publications can be divided into two periods according to their tonality. The first one, from 1849 to 1853, follows the pan-European discourse and contains statements and provisions with an anti-Russian orientation. The subsequent escalation of the conflict with the inclusion of Great Britain and France in the conflict leads to a transformation of the views of the authors of the Boston Pilot on the events taking place. The publication begins to position the conflict as a tool to weaken the British Empire, urging readers to refrain from direct participation. In this interpretation, Russia appears as a lesser evil necessary for the fight against Britain. The attitude of the Catholic population of the United States to the events of the middle should be positioned as anti-British. The assessment of sentiments as pro-Russian is erroneous and creates a misconception not only about American society of the period under review, but also about US foreign policy in the XIX century.
Psychological Features of Officer' Intelligence in Russian Fiction of the Second Half of the XVΙΙΙ Century (Part I)
Authors: Naumov Petr Yur'evich
Published: October 2023

For a long time, military people have occupied a very special honorable and responsible place in society. To form a system of values of future officers is becoming an urgent task of professional military education, despite the fact that the most appropriate values and ideals of humanism and social responsibility is the system of values and meanings of the military intelligentsia. The article examines the domestic literary sources, which accumulate and present the psychological features of intelligence officer in Russian fiction. The object of the work is the images of the officers in the XVIII century Russian literature, which are the artistic precursors of images of military intellectuals in Russian literature of the XΙX century. The subject of the article ‒ psychological features of the designated artistic images of a military intellectual. The main methodological approaches are systemic, cultural-historical and literary psychologism. Theoretical, general logical and empirical methods are used as methods. It is noted that the psychological representation of the features inherent in the military intelligentsia in the literature is carried out in several basic forms: 1) a direct representation of characters "from the inside", that is, through artistic cognition of the inner world of the actors, expressed through internal speech, images of memory and imagination); 2) an indirect form, i.e. psychological analysis "from the outside", expressed in the psychological interpretation by the writer of expressive features of speech, speech behavior, mimic and others means of external manifestation of the psyche); 3) in a summative-denoting form ‒ with the help of naming, extremely brief designation of those processes that take place in the inner world. The main scientific results of the article include the identification of psychological traits of intelligence officer in Russian fiction, as well as their social functions. The article consists of two parts, in this case the first part of the work is presented.
About the application of the R-function for geometric modeling of 3D objects of complex shapes in a virtual educational environment
Authors: Nuraliev Fakhriddin Murodullaevich , Morozov Mikhail Nikolaevich , Giyosov Ulugbek Eshpulatovich , Yorkulov Jonibek
Published: October 2023

This article is devoted to the creation of a national virtual university platform, geometric modeling of the design of exteriors, interiors and characters in the field of information technology based on 3D technologies. We know that visualization uses geometric splines and polygonal mesh construction methods. In virtual reality systems, each object is represented by a three-dimensional model. The real challenge now is to create custom models that control them. A three-dimensional model of a character is represented by a depth map, dots, a polygonal model, a parametric model describing anthropometric, ansaphic and profile features of a human face. The research process includes the study of the rules of visualization of virtual three-dimensional objects through internal and external models, the theory of geometric modeling, algorithms, methods and algorithms of computer modeling, the use of virtual reality algorithms in education. Today, when engineering and technology are rapidly developing in our country, traveling to the virtual world is of great interest to many. As a result, three-dimensional content and landscape design expand the human imagination and serve to capture our knowledge about the subject and object in our memory. It would be more effective to transfer practical classes in computer halls of educational institutions to the virtual world and organize them in this virtual environment using virtual objects. In addition, all aspects of the subject can be explained and taught, and students will be able to use it virtually. Creating a toolbar that includes all virtual objects becomes a priority. Object-oriented programming technologies and testing methods were used. This article proposes new methods of geometric modeling of three-dimensional objects mentioned above, that is, the constructive logical-algebraic method of R-functions (RFM). This method allows you to depict 3D objects of high complexity.
Astronium graveolens tree – mineral exploration guide in search for copper and potential use of this plant for reforestation of mining waste
Authors: Lutyński Piotr , Pieczonka Jadwiga , Piestrzynski Adam , Mosquera-Palacios Marvin , Del Castillo-Londoño Alma Cristina
Published: October 2023

Geological mapping and sampling of sediment-hosted copper-silver mineralization in NE Colombia identified the association of the Astronium graveolens tree (Diomate Gusanero) with the elevated presence of copper (up to 317 ppm) and silver (up to 24 ppm) in plant ash. During the dry season, when most plants lose their leaves, young Astronium graveolens seedlings growing along copper sulfide-rich showings retain their green foliage. This observation allowed authors to effectively use this plant as an exploration guide in search for copper mineralization and Astronium graveolens can be potentially considered as a geobotanical indicator plant. The observed resistance of Astronium graveolens to the presence of copper sulfides suggests that this tree could be also a potential excellent species for reforestation and reclamation of tailings and other mining waste.
Thalamic regulation of ocular dominance plasticity in adult visual cortex
Authors: Qin Yi , Ahmadlou Mehran , Suhai Samuel , Neering Paul , de Kraker Leander , Heimel J Alexander , Levelt Christiaan N
Published: October 2023

Experience-dependent plasticity in the adult visual system is generally thought of as a cortical process. However, several recent studies have shown that perceptual learning or monocular deprivation can also induce plasticity in the adult dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus. How plasticity in the thalamus and cortex interact in the adult visual system is ill-understood. To assess the influence of thalamic plasticity on plasticity in primary visual cortex (V1), we made use of our previous finding that during the critical period ocular dominance (OD) plasticity occurs in dLGN and requires thalamic synaptic inhibition. Using multielectrode recordings we find that this is also true in adult mice, and that in the absence of thalamic inhibition and plasticity, OD plasticity in adult V1 is absent. To study the influence of V1 on thalamic plasticity, we silenced V1 and show that during the critical period, but not in adulthood, the OD shift in dLGN is partially caused by feedback from V1. We conclude that during adulthood the thalamus plays an unexpectedly dominant role in experience-dependent plasticity in V1. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the thalamus as a potential source of plasticity in learning events that are typically thought of as cortical processes.
Tailoring Tfh profiles enhances antibody persistence to a clade C HIV-1 vaccine in rhesus macaques
Authors: Verma Anil , Hawes Chase E , Elizaldi Sonny R , Smith Justin C , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Pedersen Gabriel Kristian , Shen Xiaoying , Williams LaTonya D , Tomaras Georgia D , Kozlowski Pamela A , Amara Rama R , Iyer Smita S
Published: October 2023

CD4 T follicular helper cells (Tfh) are essential for establishing serological memory and have distinct helper attributes that impact both the quantity and quality of the antibody response. Insights into Tfh subsets that promote antibody persistence and functional capacity can critically inform vaccine design. Based on the Tfh profiles evoked by the live attenuated measles virus vaccine, renowned for its ability to establish durable humoral immunity, we investigated the potential of a Tfh1/17 recall response during the boost phase to enhance persistence of HIV-1 Envelope (Env) antibodies in rhesus macaques. Using a DNA-prime encoding gp160 antigen and Tfh polarizing cytokines (interferon protein-10 (IP-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), followed by a gp140 protein boost formulated in a cationic liposome-based adjuvant (CAF01), we successfully generated germinal center (GC) Tfh1/17 cells. In contrast, a similar DNA-prime (including IP-10) followed by gp140 formulated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) +QS-21 adjuvant predominantly induced GC Tfh1 cells. While the generation of GC Tfh1/17 cells with CAF01 and GC Tfh1 cells with MPLA +QS-21 induced comparable peak Env antibodies, the latter group demonstrated significantly greater antibody concentrations at week 8 after final immunization which persisted up to 30 weeks (gp140 IgG ng/ml- MPLA; 5500; CAF01, 2155; p<0.05). Notably, interferon γ+Env-specific Tfh responses were consistently higher with gp140 in MPLA +QS-21 and positively correlated with Env antibody persistence. These findings suggest that vaccine platforms maximizing GC Tfh1 induction promote persistent Env antibodies, important for protective immunity against HIV.
Identification of fallopian tube microbiota and its association with ovarian cancer
Authors: Yu Bo , Liu Congzhou , Proll Sean C , Manhardt Enna , Liang Shuying , Srinivasan Sujatha , Swisher Elizabeth , Fredricks David N
Published: October 2023

Investigating the human fallopian tube (FT) microbiota has significant implications for understanding the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer (OC). In this large prospective study, we collected swabs intraoperatively from the FT and other surgical sites as controls to profile the microbiota in the FT and to assess its relationship with OC. Eighty-one OC and 106 non-cancer patients were enrolled and 1001 swabs were processed for 16S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing. We identified 84 bacterial species that may represent the FT microbiota and found a clear shift in the microbiota of the OC patients when compared to the non-cancer patients. Of the top 20 species that were most prevalent in the FT of OC patients, 60% were bacteria that predominantly reside in the gastrointestinal tract, while 30% normally reside in the mouth. Serous carcinoma had higher prevalence of almost all 84 FT bacterial species compared to the other OC subtypes. The clear shift in the FT microbiota in OC patients establishes the scientific foundation for future investigation into the role of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of OC.
Efficient estimation for large-scale linkage disequilibrium patterns of the human genome
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhu Tian-Neng , Liu Ying-Chao , Zhang Jian-Nan , Chen Guo-Bo
Published: October 2023

In this study, we proposed an efficient algorithm (X-LD) for estimating LD patterns for a genomic grid, which can be of inter-chromosomal scale or of a pair of small segments. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed method was significantly faster, and consequently we were permitted to explore in depth unknown or reveal long-anticipated LD features of the human genome. Having applied the algorithm as demonstrated in 1000 Genome Project (1KG), we found:
I
) The extended LD, driven by population structure, was universally existed, and the strength of inter-chromosomal LD was about 10% their respective intra-chromosomal LD in relatively homogeneous cohorts, such as FIN and to nearly 56% in admixed cohort, such as ASW.
II
) After splitting each chromosome into upmost more than a half million grids, we elucidated the LD of HLA region was nearly 42 folders higher than chromosome 6 in CEU and 11.58 in ASW; on chromosome 11, we observed that the LD of its centromere was nearly 94.05 folders higher than chromosome 11 in YRI and 42.73 in ASW.
III
) We uncovered the long-anticipated inversely proportional linear relationship between the length of a chromosome and the strength of chromosomal LD, and their Pearson’s correlation was on average over 0.80 for 26 1KG cohorts. However, this linear norm was so far perturbed by chromosome 11 given its more completely sequenced centromere region. Uniquely chromosome 8 of ASW was found most deviated from the linear norm than any other autosomes. The proposed algorithm has been realized in C
++
(called X-LD) and available at https://github.com/gc5k/gear2, and can be applied to explore LD features in any sequenced populations.
Interplay between charge distribution and DNA in shaping HP1 paralog phase separation and localization
Authors: Phan Tien M , Kim Young C , Debelouchina Galia T , Mittal Jeetain
Published: October 2023

The heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) family is a crucial component of heterochromatin with diverse functions in gene regulation, cell cycle control, and cell differentiation. In humans, there are three paralogs, HP1α, HP1β, and HP1γ, which exhibit remarkable similarities in their domain architecture and sequence properties. Nevertheless, these paralogs display distinct behaviors in liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a process linked to heterochromatin formation. Here, we employ a coarse-grained simulation framework to uncover the sequence features responsible for the observed differences in LLPS. We highlight the significance of the net charge and charge patterning along the sequence in governing paralog LLPS propensities. We also show that both highly conserved folded and less-conserved disordered domains contribute to the observed differences. Furthermore, we explore the potential co-localization of different HP1 paralogs in multicomponent assemblies and the impact of DNA on this process. Importantly, our study reveals that DNA can significantly reshape the stability of a minimal condensate formed by HP1 paralogs due to competitive interactions of HP1α with HP1β and HP1γ versus DNA. In conclusion, our work highlights the physicochemical nature of interactions that govern the distinct phase-separation behaviors of HP1 paralogs and provides a molecular framework for understanding their role in chromatin organization.
A binding site for phosphoinositide modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels described by multiscale simulations
Authors: Lin Yiechang , Tao Elaine , Champion James , Corry Ben
Published: October 2023

Voltage gated sodium channels (Na
v
) are membrane proteins which open to facilitate the inward flux of sodium ions into excitable cells. In response to stimuli, Na
v
channels undergo a transition from the resting, closed state to an open state which allows ion influx, before rapidly inactivating. Dysregulation of this functional cycle due to mutations leads to diseases including epilepsy, pain conditions and cardiac disorders, making Na
v
channels a significant pharmacological target. Phosphoinositides are important lipid cofactors for ion channel function. The phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P
2
decreases Na
v
1.4 activity by increasing the difficulty of channel opening, accelerating fast activation and slowing recovery from fast inactivation. Using multiscale molecular dynamics simulations, we show that PI(4,5)P
2
binds stably to inactivated Na
v
at a conserved site within the DIV S4-S5 linker, which couples the voltage sensing domain (VSD) to the pore. As the Na
v
C-terminal domain is proposed to also bind here during recovery from inactivation, we hypothesise that PI(4,5)P
2
prolongs inactivation by competing to bind to this site. In atomistic simulations, PI(4,5)P
2
reduces the mobility of both the DIV S4-S5 linker and the DIII-IV linker, responsible for fast inactivation, slowing the conformational changes required for the channel to recover to the resting state. We further show that in a resting state Na
v
model, phosphoinositides bind to VSD gating charges, which may anchor them and impede VSD activation. Our results provide a mechanism by which phosphoinositides alter the voltage dependence of activation and the rate of recovery from inactivation, an important step for the development of novel therapies to treat Na
v
-related diseases.
Near-perfect precise on-target editing of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Cloarec-Ung Fanny-Mei , Beaulieu Jamie , Suthananthan Arunan , Lehnertz Bernhard , Sauvageau Guy , Sheppard Hilary M , Knapp David JHF
Published: October 2023

Precision gene editing in primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) would facilitate both curative treatments for monogenic disorders as well as disease modelling. Precise efficiencies even with the CRISPR/Cas system, however, remain limited. Through an optimization of guide RNA delivery, donor design, and additives, we have now obtained mean precise editing efficiencies >90% on primary cord blood HSCPs with minimal toxicity and without observed off-target editing. The main protocol modifications needed to achieve such high efficiencies were the addition of the DNA-PK inhibitor AZD7648, and the inclusion of spacer-breaking silent mutations in the donor in addition to mutations disrupting the PAM sequence. Critically, editing was even across the progenitor hierarchy, did not substantially distort the hierarchy or affect lineage outputs in colony-forming cell assays or the frequency of high self-renewal potential long-term culture initiating cells. As modelling of many diseases requires heterozygosity, we also demonstrated that the overall editing and zygosity can be tuned by adding in defined mixtures of mutant and wild-type donors. With these optimizations, editing at near-perfect efficiency can now be accomplished directly in human HSPCs. This will open new avenues in both therapeutic strategies and disease modelling.
Biodiversity of symbiotic microalgae associated with meiofaunal marine acoels in Southern Japan
Authors: Riewluang Siratee , Wakeman Kevin C.
Published: October 2023

Acoels in the family Convolutidae are commonly found with microalgal symbionts. Convolutids can host green algal Tetraselmis and dinoflagellates within the family Symbiodiniaceae and the genus Amphidinium. The diversity of these microalgae has not been well surveyed. In this study, we used PCR and culture techniques to demonstrate the biodiversity of Tetraselmis and dinoflagellates in symbiosis with meiofaunal acoels. Here, 66 acoels were collected from seven localities around Okinawa, Ishigaki, and Kochi, Japan. While convolutids were heavily represented in this sampling, some acoels formed a clade outside Convolutidae and are potentially a new family of acoels harboring symbiotic microalgae. From the acoels collected, a total of 32 Tetraselmis and 26 Symbiodiniaceae cultures were established. Molecular phylogenies were constructed from cultured material (and from total host DNA) using the 18S rRNA gene (Tetraselmis) and 28S rRNA gene (dinoflagellates). The majority of Tetraselmis sequences grouped within the T. astigmatica clade but strains closely related to T. convolutae, T. marina, and T. gracilis were also observed. This is the first report of Tetraselmis species, other than T. convolutae, naturally associating with acoels. For dinoflagellates, members of Cladocopium and Miliolidium were observed, but most Symbiodiniaceae sequences formed clusters within Symbiodinium, grouping with S. natans, or sister to S. tridacnidorum. Several new Symbiodinium sequences from this study may represent novel species. This is the first molecular record of Miliolidium and Symbiodinium from acoels. Microalgal strains from this study will provide a necessary framework for future taxonomic studies and research on symbiotic relationships between acoels and microalgae.
Open Data-Based Village Potential Mapping Model Design in the Tomini Bay Region in the KKN Course
Authors: Mulyanto Arip , Yahya Muhammad , Purnamawati
Published: October 2023

The objectives of this study were: 1) To develop an open data-based village potential mapping model design in the Tomini Bay Region in the KKN course and 2) Test the validity of the open data-based village potential mapping model in the Tomini Bay Region in the KKN course, 3) Testing the effectiveness of the open data-based village potential mapping model in the Tomini Bay Region in KKN courses. The research method used in this study is the Research and Development research method of the Borg & Gall model of model development stages, which include (1) drafting the model, (2) expert and practitioner validation, (3) limited model trial, (4) more comprehensive model trial; and (5) model revision. The subjects of this study were 42 students participating in KKN in the Tomini Bay Region in 5 villages. The quality of the developed product was analyzed with descriptive statistics. The results showed that (1) The design of the open data-based village potential mapping model developed has a very high level of validity with an average value of 0.87 and is feasible to use; (2) The open data-based village potential mapping model developed is practical to use, based on the value of model implementation which reaches an average value of 83.59% with perfect implementation criteria, and gets an excellent response from KKN student participants with an average value of 85.15%, (3) There was an increase in the average score between the pre-test and post-test in the control group, where the average score of the pre-test in the control group was 53.13 while the average score of the post-test in the control group was 73.84. There was a significant increase between the pre-test and post-test in the experimental group, where the average score of the pre-test in the experimental group was 56.65 and the average score of the post-test in the experimental group was 86.06.
Empowering Women in Agriculture: Exploring Their Role and Decision Making Impact – A Study in Manipur, India
Authors: Thingbaijam Laxmi , Gazmer Roshna , Parte Jwala , Das Kalyan Kanti
Published: October 2023

Background: Manipur, a North-Eastern State of India where about 49.81 per cent of total population is women [1] and they contribute about 51.46 per cent of total working force. The state, which is relatively backward in agricultural development paradigm, has a glorious past regarding women’s ‘movement’ for the state’s cause. Now, it is to be understood properly their role and participation in farm economy for revamping the agrarian situation in the state by exploring the farm women’s role.

Methods: The study was conducted by collecting both secondary as well as primary information from sample respondents equally distributed over two valley districts (namely, Thoubal and Imphal East) of Manipur. In all the phases of selection (of sub-division, block, village etc.) the method of probability proportional sampling was employed. Standard econometric methods and statistical packages were applied to elucidate the core objective(s) of the study.

Results: The status of participation of farm women in decision making process has been judged with the help of Participatory Index (P.I) and Decision Making Index (DMI). Farm women, in general, participates prominently in socio-cultural matters (DMI = 0.86-0.93) and miscellaneous matters (DMI = 0.83-0.96), moderately in family’s financial/economic matters (DMI = 0.62-0.89) but rather poorly (DMI = 0.43-0.56) in farming matters. More specifically, they are relatively less consulted or are given less importance on matters like consultation with officials (private or government), purchase of household furniture, purchase of improved implements/machineries, selection of crop variety, input management in crop cultivation etc.
Development and Usability of Transistor Module using Tinkercad among UPSI Physics Trainee Teachers
Authors: DaudLaudek Nur Hazirah , Nawi Mohd Norzaidi Mat
Published: October 2023

This study was conducted to develop Transistor module using Tinkercad and to study the usability of Transistor modules using Tinkercad among trainee Physics teachers of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). This study is a developmental design study using the ADDIE model and developed based on Constructivism theory. A total of 84 samples from UPSI Physics trainee teachers were taken as respondents through convenient sampling method to study the usability of the module. The research instruments involved were an expert validity assessment form and a usability questionnaire. The method used to analyze the validity using the expert consent percentage method. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) application was used to obtain the value of Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient while the data for the usability questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis data to obtain the mean and standard deviation. As a result of the study, the value of expert agreement for modules and instruments is high with values of 94.5% and 92.7%. For the research instrument got a high reliability value of 0.93. The findings of the study also show that this module has good level of usability (M = 4.67, SP =0.46). Therefore, this module is suitable to be used as a study aid for the Transistors subtopic for Form Five Physics.
Determinants of Institutional Delivery in Bangladesh: A Multilevel Analysis of a Nationwide Population-Based Survey
Authors: Ireen Shahjadi , Soni Most Sifat Muntaha , Tareq Muhammad , Hasan Md. Zahid , Akter Salma , Parvin Shahanaj , Sultana Rebeka , Begum Mansura , Molla Md. Matiur Rahman
Published: October 2023

Background: A substantial number of mothers and infants lose their lives due to complications during childbirth. Institutional delivery can lower the number of fatalities. This study aims to explore the prevalence of institutional delivery and its multifaceted associated factors in Bangladesh.

Methods: The data were extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), conducted during the period of 2017-18. Following data preprocessing, a total of 4974 women were included in this study. This study attempts to identify and assess the variables (at the individual and community levels) having the significant impact on the institutional delivery by using a multilevel binary logistic regression model.

Results: Approximately half of the Bangladeshi women's deliveries were done at the medical center. The study found that women aged 20 or older had a 1.53 times greater likelihood of using healthcare facilities during childbirth (OR 1.53, [1.31-1.78]) than those under 20. Women with higher levels of education were more than twice as likely to choose institutional delivery as those with no education, and the women whose husbands had higher education had the same likelihood. The likelihood of using an institutional delivery service was also boosted by women's higher socioeconomic status. Women with exposure to any form of media had a 36% (OR 1.36, [1.16-1.60] higher likelihood of accessing healthcare facilities during childbirth. Rural women had a 20% lower likelihood of receiving institutional delivery. The utilization of institutional delivery was positively correlated with religion, geographical region, child ever born, and antenatal care visits (ANC). This study discovered significant variations at the community level.

Conclusion: In order to increase the prevalence of institutional delivery in Bangladesh, the study findings suggest that policymakers should focus on addressing socioeconomic and demographic factors, particularly on women's education, husbands' education, age at first delivery and frequency of ANC visits.