bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of time‐varying dispersion for releases including potential rainout
Authors: Witlox Henk W.M. , Harper Mike
Published: November 2013

Many commonly used atmospheric dispersion models cannot accurately simulate time‐varying releases of hazardous chemicals in the atmosphere. A new version of the Phast Unified Dispersion Model (UDM) has been developed to more accurately simulate time‐varying effects resulting from a decreasing discharge rate in a vessel or pipe and/or resulting from a time‐varying pool (following rainout or from direct spill). The new model includes effects of along‐wind diffusion which reduces concentrations in the far‐field. This is particularly relevant for toxic releases.

The new formulation presumes a number of “observers” to be released at successive times from the point of discharge or the upwind edge of the pool. The UDM first carries out pseudo steady‐state calculations for each observer, where the release data correspond to the time at which the observer is released, and where the observer picks up vapor while traveling over the evaporating pool. Subsequently, effects of along‐wind diffusion are included by means of Gaussian integration of observer concentrations over the downwind distance. The above new UDM formulation has been verified against the time‐varying HGSYSTEM model HEGADAS‐T for the specific case of dispersion directly from a pool. Furthermore, it has been tested for more general cases including elevated releases with rainout. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 33: 265–273, 2014
Pentalinon andrieuxii Root Extract is Effective in the Topical Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania mexicana
Authors: Lezama‐Dávila Claudio M. , Pan Li , Isaac‐Márquez Angelica P. , Terrazas Cesar , Oghumu Steve , Isaac‐Márquez Ricardo , Pech‐Dzib MY , Barbi Joseph , Calomeni Edward , Parinandi Narasimham , Kinghorn A. Douglas , Satoskar Abhay R.
Published: November 2013

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) manifests as localized skin lesions, which lead to significant tissue destruction and disfigurement. In the Yucatan Peninsula, Mayan traditional healers use Pentalinon andrieuxii Muell.‐Arg. (Apocynaceae) roots for the topical treatment of CL. Here, we studied the effect of P. andrieuxii root hexane extract (PARE) on the parasites and host cells in vitro and examined its efficacy in the topical treatment of CL caused by Leishmania mexicana. PARE exhibited potent antiparasitic activity in vitro against promastigotes as well as amastigotes residing in macrophages. Electron microscopy of PARE‐treated parasites revealed direct membrane damage. PARE also activated nuclear factor kappaB and enhanced interferon‐γ receptor and MHC class II expression and TNF‐α production in macrophages. In addition, PARE induced production of the Th1 promoting cytokine IL‐12 in dendritic cells as well as enhanced expression of the co‐stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86. In vivo studies showed that L. mexicana‐infected mice treated by topical application of PARE resulted in the significant reduction in lesion size and parasite burden compared to controls. These findings indicate that PARE could be used as an alternative therapy for the topical treatment of CL. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life cycle of fronts: intrinsic dynamics in a 3D semi‐geostrophic model
Authors: Mak Mankin
Published: November 2013

This article reports an analysis of the intrinsic dynamics of the life cycle of fronts in a three‐dimensional (3D) inviscid adiabatic semi‐geostrophic model performed in physical coordinates instead of geostrophic coordinates. The Sawyer–Eliassen equation is generalized to two coupled equations that govern the ageostrophic circulation in a 3D balanced flow. We present a formal solution of the two ageostrophic potentials in the form of two separate functionals of the geostrophic stream function. The integration reveals simultaneous development of realistic cold and warm fronts from a weak unstable wave disturbance in the presence of an initial baroclinic jet. They reach full intensity in a few days. The model fronts evolve towards a singularity that signals their impending demise. Frontal collapse occurs shortly afterwards. It is diagnosed with the concept of semi‐geostrophic potential vorticity. The dynamical difference between cold and warm fronts stems from the differences in the thermal advection by the geostrophic and ageostrophic flow components in the two frontal regions.
Energy‐ and enstrophy‐conserving schemes for the shallow‐water equations, based on mimetic finite elements
Authors: McRae Andrew T. T. , Cotter Colin J.
Published: November 2013

This article presents families of spatial discretizations of the nonlinear rotating shallow‐water equations that conserve both energy and potential enstrophy. These are based on two‐dimensional mixed finite‐element methods and hence, unlike some finite‐difference methods, do not require an orthogonal grid. Numerical verification of the aforementioned properties is also provided.
USE OF NATIVE AND NONNATIVE NEST PLANTS BY RIPARIAN‐NESTING BIRDS ALONG TWO STREAMS IN NEW MEXICO
Authors: Smith D. M. , Finch D. M.
Published: November 2013

Nonnative plant invasions are a management concern, particularly in riparian forests, but little is known about mechanisms through which they influence vertebrate communities. In the American Southwest, native trees such as cottonwood (Populus spp.) are thought to provide better habitat for breeding birds than nonnative plants, which are more tolerant of human‐altered conditions. To evaluate effects of riparian forest composition on riparian‐nesting birds, we examined nest plant use along two rivers in New Mexico that differed in abundance of nonnative vegetation. Of the nests we observed, 49% along the Middle Rio Grande were constructed in nonnative plants, compared with 4% along the Gila River. Birds in the canopy and cavity‐nesting guilds constructed less than 5% of their nests in nonnative plants along either river. At the Middle Rio Grande, birds in the subcanopy/shrub guild constructed 67% of their nests in nonnative plants. Despite the relatively low availability of cottonwoods, they were used by greater numbers of species than any other woody plant at either river. Riparian obligates and species of conservation concern in the canopy and cavity guilds were especially dependent on cottonwood and Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii). Our results show that, although nonnative trees and shrubs support large numbers of nests for certain birds, cottonwoods and other large native trees are disproportionately important to riparian bird communities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Relationship between Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and some Hydrochemical and Hydrophysical Parameters in Large and Medium‐sized Lithuanian Rivers
Authors: Bernotiene R.
Published: November 2013

Blackfly larvae are known as indicators of physical and chemical conditions in rivers, and the adults may be harmful for humans and cattle. In order to obtain more insight into the environmental variables governing the distribution of various blackfly species, a survey was conducted in 2000–2004 in the Nemunas River (Lithuania) and in its four major tributaries. The total density of blackfly larvae, the density of each species, hydrochemical parameters (concentrations of dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and phosphorus, pH, concentration of suspended matter and permanganatic oxidation of organic matter) and hydrophysical parameters (current velocity, discharge and water temperature) were recorded. The total density of blackfly larvae was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of suspended matter at the respective study sites. The concentration of suspended matter and the permanganatic oxidation of organic matter were positively associated with the densities ofSimulium maculatum,Simulium reptansandSimulium erythrocephalumand negatively with the densities ofSimulium equinumand theSimulium ornatumgroup. Water temperature had a positive influence on the density ofS.erythrocephalumand a negative influence on the density ofS.equinumlarvae. The density ofSimulium lineatumwas positively associated with the concentration of total nitrogen, and the density ofSimulium morsitanswas positively associated with the current velocity. Redundancy analysis have proven these associations. The analysis of the relationships between the densities of seven blackfly species and nine environmental variables in large and medium‐sized rivers in Lithuania revealed that parameters related to organic pollution had an influence on the densities of most of investigated species. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrepancy of random graphs and hypergraphs
Authors: Ma Jie , Naves Humberto , Sudakov Benny
Published: November 2013

Answering in a strong form a question posed by Bollobás and Scott, in this paper we determine the discrepancy between two random k‐uniform hypergraphs, up to a constant factor depending solely on k. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 47, 147–162, 2015
The DVB‐SH low‐latency extension
Authors: Hildinger Rainer , Breiling Marco
Published: November 2013

The low‐latency extension was introduced in DVB‐SH (digital video broadcast‐satellite to handheld) to permit the transmission of latency‐sensitive data in S‐band Mobile Interactive Multimedia (S‐MIM) such as signaling and acknowledgements alongside the latency‐insensitive data such as broadcast streams. This enables existing receivers to still receive the latency‐insensitive data. This compatibility to existing receivers was achieved by exploiting a periodicity in the interleaved data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paper No 19.1: Industrial Aspects of Material Development for Organic Field Effect Transistors: High‐Mobility Organic Semiconductors for Large‐Area Deposition
Authors: Budry J.‐L. , Bujard P. , Chebotareva N. , Düggeli M. , Flores J.‐C. , Hayoz P. , Mathauer K. , Martin E. , Prétôt R. , van der Schaaf P. , Vaidyanathan S. , Brill J. , Weitz Th. , Kälblein D.
Published: November 2013

Since its first introduction to the scientific community in 2005, N,N‐dialkyl‐3,6‐diheteroaryl‐derivatives of 3,6‐diaryl‐diketopyrrolopyrrole (commonly nicknamed DPP) have been intensively studied as new class of functional materials. This paper will demonstrate that optimization of processing conditions has a dramatic effect on transistor performance leading to not only a 30‐fold improvement in mobility, from 0.1 to 3 cm2.V‐1.s‐1, but also high Ion/Ioff ratio, very good homogeneity and reproducibility. Those results, generated while using spinless processes in non‐chlorinated aromatic solvents, are compatible with large area deposition techniques. An emphasis on the slit‐coating technique and the different important parameters to control the morphology of the semiconductor will be made.
Paper No P7: A LTPS TFT Compensation Pixel Circuit for Simultaneous Emission Driving High‐Definition AMOLED Display
Authors: Lee Soo‐Yeon , Lee Jeong‐Soo , Han Min‐Koo
Published: November 2013

We have proposed a new active organic light‐emitting diode display (AMOLED) pixel design, which is suitable for the simultaneous emission driving high definition AMOLED. In the previous work, the pixel structure could be simplified with the simultaneous emission driving compared to the widely used progressive emission driving. However, the flickering was observed. The proposed pixel circuit can suppress the flickering because 120 Hz operation is possible. The SPICE simulation results show that the proposed pixel successfully compensates Vth.
Paper No P16: Consideration of Multilines Simultaneous Scanning Method Using Optical Wavelength Multiplexing for Display Device With Huge Number of Pixels
Authors: Muroi Tetsuhiko , Usui Takenobu , Nakajima Yoshiki , Fujisaki Yoshihide , Ishii Keiji
Published: November 2013

We have developed a method of display driving using optical wavelength multiplexing to simultaneously scan multilines. The back plane of the display consisted of optical waveguides, a filter for dividing wavelengths, transparent electrodes, and a photoconductor layer. Pixels in three lines could be simultaneously addressed by irradiating three types of wavelength light with data into waveguides.
Paper No P9: Diffraction on Anisotropic Substrates With Sinosoidal Surface Microrelief
Authors: Merkulov Alexey Y. , Belyaev Victor V. , Belyaev Andrey A. , Gorbunov Artem A.
Published: November 2013

Light polarization management by diffractive optical elements can enhance light efficiency in liquid crystal display backlight systems. The OAGSM software developed earlier provides calculation of diffraction efficiency for optically anisotropic gratings with periodical sinusoidal surface microrelief. In this paper, the software has been checked for the cases of oblique incidence as well as of microrelief period and thickness.
Paper No 3.3: Reflective Colour Displays
Authors: Geisow Adrian , Kitson Steve , Rudin John , Taphouse Tim , Matranga Ariosto
Published: November 2013

Reflective colour has been a long goal for display technology—to date, few good solutions have been demonstrated. Here we outline the options explored to date and present the progress we have made in recent years toward a viable solution.
Paper No P40: A Reconfigurable Switched‐Capacitor Resistor for Proximity Touch Sensor Readout Circuits
Authors: Lee Kye‐Shin , Asgari Mohammadreza , Lee Yong‐Min
Published: November 2013

This work describes a reconfigurable parasitic insensitive switched‐capacitor resistor for proximity touch sensor readout circuits. In this scheme, the conventional programmable resistor bank array is replaced with a switched‐capacitor resistor where the resistance is reconfigured by varying the control clock frequency. Furthermore, the control clock is generated by a simple current source and capacitor based time‐mode oscillator that reduces the area of the readout circuitry. The proposed touch sensor readout circuit is implemented using CMOS 0.35 µm technology with supply voltage of 3.3 V.
Paper No P41: Predicting Change in Cell Gap in LCD Panels Subjected to Touch Force
Authors: Vepakomma K. Hemanth , Pandey Manoj , Ishikawa Tomohiro , Koona Ramji
Published: November 2013

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) with touch‐screen capabilities are becoming increasingly popular. When a user pushes a screen too hard, the cell gap changes and causes a blur (known as touch mura) around the push location. This paper uses finite element analysis to predict the change in cell gap when an LCD panel is subjected to a touch force.
Paper No P37: The Effect of Bias‐Temperature Stress on Threshold Voltage Instabilities in a‐IGZO Under Light Illumination and Their Modeling Equation
Authors: Seok Su Jeong , Kim Ohyun
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we study about mechanism of threshold voltage shift in a‐IGZO TFT from measurement data of bias‐temperature stress (BTS) under light illumination and examine their modeling equation.
Paper No P20: Surface Modification of ITO‐Coated PET Foil for Material Printing
Authors: Maslik Jan , Urbanek Pavel , Kuritka Ivo , Krcmar Petr
Published: November 2013

This paper deals with the improvement of adhesion of the ink to substrate surface. The treatment method based on chemical way improves adhesion properties of ITO layer while its conductivity is preserved. There exists a time limit, where the ITO layer is eroded and the conductivity is decreasing. This time limit was revealed at 4 min.
Paper No P14: Flaw Detection for Small‐Pixel IGZO‐Based TFT Array Medical Display Panel
Authors: Wang Y. C. , Lin B. S.
Published: November 2013

The paper is introduced using to detect a critical small‐pixel‐sized defect and presents an efficiency flaw detection of medical displays application with ultra‐high‐resolution IGZO‐based thin‐film‐transistor array. It is a current electrical testing and detection method with advantages of small‐pixel sized, ultra‐high‐resolution and no contact damaged to the display array panel.
Paper No P10: Design of Freeform Lenses for Illumination
Authors: Petrov Nikolai I.
Published: November 2013

High‐efficiency reflective and refractive type of lenses for LED emitting into circle and square illumination areas are proposed. Lens surface profiles for extended sources are obtained from the solution of the first order differential equations.
Paper No P35: Improved Stability of Solution‐Processed ZnO Thin‐Film Transistor Post‐Treated by Ultraviolet Annealing Step
Authors: Kang Taesung , Koo Jayhyun , Kim Taeyoon , Hong Jinpyo
Published: November 2013

We present electrical and structural features of solution‐processed ZnO thin‐film transistors (TFTs) grown via a chemical solution process post‐treated by ultra violet (UV) annealing step at processing temperature below 250°C. The transfer curves for the UV annealed ZnO TFTs, including around two‐order higher on‐current magnitude reveals only a negative drift of −0.66 V in time for 15 days, compared with a −9.29 V negative drift of the conventionally thermally annealed ZnO TFTs at 300°C. The observation of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy clearly demonstrates the significant reduction of non‐lattice oxygen vacancies via proper UV annealing step. The nature of improved stability in the UV‐annealed ZnO TFTs is also described.
Paper No P33: Large‐Area Printed Transparent Electrodes for Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Xuhua , Levermore Peter A. , Ramon Miguel C. , Voigt Monika , Belton Colin , Lofts Edwards , Cheung Cora , Stavrinou Paul , Nelson Jenny , Bradley Donal D. C.
Published: November 2013

We report large area gravure‐printed flexible and transparent polymer electrodes for plastic electronics and in particular their application in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for displays and lighting applications. The polymer electrodes are prepared from vapour‐phase polymerised poly(3,4‐ethylene‐dioxythiophene) (VPP‐PEDOT). Gravure printing has been selected for this work owing to its proven compatibility with low‐cost and high volume roll‐to‐roll manufacturing. The printed VPP‐PEDOT thin films were characterised for their conductivity, transparency, work function and surface roughness. After optimisation of printed VPP‐PEDOT thin film transparent electrodes, large‐area‐ITO free OLEDs were demonstrated.
Paper No 5.3: Simulation of Visual Quality for Transparent OLED Display
Authors: Park Yongmin , Kang Dongwoo , Kim Sungjin , Han Taeseong , Yoo JangJin , Lim Moojong
Published: November 2013

A transparent organic light emitting diode (OLED) display has received much attention as one of the future display technologies. While various studies have conducted to increase transparency, reduce haziness and remove image distortion in transparent OLED, fewer studies have attempted to provide the requirements of visual quality for a particular purpose of applications. In order to establish the guidelines of visual quality requirement, a method for the visualisation of seeing through a transparent OLED is required. In this paper, we present a feasible simulation method for visualising transparent OLED. We focused on three influential conditions—illumination, transparency and contrast—though numbers of conditions affect visual quality in Transparent OLED. And each condition was implemented on the assumption that the design of pixel structure may be separated into two parts, emitting and see‐through areas. All of the procedures were derived from image processing techniques. Consequentially, a simulation result can be seen as one image, which is composite of two images, image on the display and image through the display. The simulation results provide an intuitive approach to examine the visual quality. We believe that the proposed method can be used to give guidelines for designing transparent OLED.
Paper No 5.4: Highly Color‐Saturated Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Devices Using Cadmium‐Free Quantum Dots
Authors: Ippen Christian , Greco Tonino , Wedel Armin , Kim Yohan , Kim Jiwan , Jong Han Chul
Published: November 2013

We present cadmium‐free quantum dot materials based on indium phosphide, which are used to assemble quantum dot light‐emitting devices with unprecedented efficiency and brightness. Modifying the synthesis conditions allows tuning of the emission color from green to red. The narrow emission peak results in excellent color saturation.
Paper No 6.2: A Review of Liquid Crystal Displays on Plastic Substrates
Authors: James Harding M. , Banach Michael J.
Published: November 2013

There are numerous challenges to producing liquid crystal displays on plastic. We reviewed previous attempts to produce such displays and look at current state‐of‐the‐art approaches. We explore suitable materials for the construction of transmissive OTFT backplanes and examine modern methods of LCD production suitable for plastic substrates.
Paper No 6.1: Expectations for UHDTV Displays
Authors: Sugawara Masayuki , Ishii Keiji , Kusakabe Yuichi , Nishida Yukihiro , Shishikui Yoshiaki
Published: November 2013

Ultra‐high definition television (UHDTV) intends to provide viewers with a better visual experience by giving them a strong sensation of reality by widening the field of view (FOV) of the image. A large pixel count is needed to widen the FOV while keeping the picture quality as high as that of HDTV. In particular, SUPER Hi‐VISION is or 8K‐UHDTV with 7680 × 4320 pixels. The development of the SUPER Hi‐VISION to date has given priority to achieving this high pixel count. It has resulted in a projector with four 4K liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) devices, an 8K projector, an 85" liquid crystal display (LCD), and a 145" plasma display panel (PDP) with 7680 × 4320 pixels for each RGB color. Meanwhile, other parameters such as the frame frequency and colorimetry also improve the visual experience. After a thorough review of each system parameter, Recommendation ITU‐R BT.2020 was standardized. Besides the pixel count, it specifies a frame frequency, colorimetry, and bit depth beyond those of HDTV. A SUPER Hi‐VISION display should cover all of these parameters.
Paper No P38: Electrical and Optical Stabilities of Amorphous InGaZnO Thin Films for Flexible Sensing Transistors
Authors: Li Yuanjie , Jiang Kai , Fu Yanhua , Liu Zilong
Published: November 2013

Amorphous oxide semiconductor InGaZnO (a‐IGZO) thin films were deposited on glass and sapphire substrates using RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature. H2 annealing effect on the electrical conduction, optical transmittance, and structural properties of a‐IGZO films has been systematically studied. Temperature‐dependent electrical conductivity of a‐IGZO films exhibited n‐type degenerated conduction behavior in the range of 10–300 K. Electrical properties of the films do not fit with variable range hopping carrier transport model. Optical transmission of a‐IGZO films has been enhanced by H2 annealing at elevated temperatures. Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis indicated formation of O‐H bonding state in H2‐annealed a‐IGZO films which is thermally stable up to 300°C. Electron concentration of a‐IGZO films decreases with annealing temperature above 300°C resulting from the reduced H incorporation from OH absorption.
Paper No 12.2: Solehmainen: Toward Roll‐to‐Roll Fabrication of Short‐Channel Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Solehmainen Kimmo , Ruotsalainen Teemu , Jansson Elina , Hiitola‐Keinänen Johanna
Published: November 2013

Roll‐to‐roll fabrication technologies such as printing offer a route for dynamic and economically viable fabrication of flexible electronics. On this road, there are many technical challenges, scaling of the critical dimensions of the devices being one them. Here, experimental work toward scaling down the transistor features is described.
Paper No 14.4: Modeling and Characterization of a‐Si:H‐Based Hybrid Sensor and Display Pixel Array Circuits
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikolas P. , Lee Czang‐Ho , Wong William S.
Published: November 2013

Hybrid sensor and display pixels are modeled and circuit response simulated. The proposed circuits consists of two main parts: a light sensor and a display integrated onto the backplane array where a‐Si:H TFTs are used as a dual photosensor/switching device. The circuit has a wide operating range of nA range in the dark up to 1.2 μA for the highest light intensity for TFTs having channel lengths of 10μm. A prototype pixel array was fabricated and tested to confirm the design and simulation results. The results showed that the refresh rate of the pixel can reach up to 200 Hz for a TFT geometry having a channel length of 5μm. The grey scale of the pixel is created by pulse‐height and width modulation caused by voltages created by the a‐Si:H sensor.
Paper No P15: A 3D Moiré Display
Authors: Saveljev Vladimir , Kim Sung‐Kyu
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we present an autostereoscopic three‐dimensional display based on the moiré effect. The left and right images are built of the moiré patterns. When observed from a proper location, these moiré images are perceived stereoscopically without special eyeglasses. The principle is confirmed in preliminary experiments.
Paper No 15.4: A Working Prototype of Flickerless Full‐Screen Resolution Autostereoscopic Display With Simultaneous Reproduction of Two Image Elements in One Display Pixel
Authors: Ezhov Vasily A.
Published: November 2013

The design and key components of working prototype of the flat autostereoscopic display with full‐screen resolution for each of the two image views of 3D scene are presented. Simultaneous reproduction of two image elements in one display pixel is implemented using polarization coding by standard liquid crystal (LC) matrices. Polarization decoding of two image elements is implemented by static phase‐polarization parallax barrier based on column‐addressed twist or homogeneous birefringent LC structures. Stereoscopic image flicker is absent even at 60 frame rate. Although autostereoscopic image is observed only by a single user in definite viewing zones, the same display design allows to observe stereoscopic images by many users wearing passive polarization glasses (if to switch off the parallax barrier and to remove the output polarizer sheet).
Paper No 16.2: New Process for Patterned Retarder Fabrication
Authors: Trofimova Alexandra , Mahilny Uladzimir , Stankevich Alexander , Muravsky Alexander , Murauski Anatoli
Published: November 2013

We report novel technique to fabricate patterned retarder films on the basis of reactive mesogen materials (RMM). The comparison of RMM‐patterned retarders fabricated via our innovative high‐anchoring‐patterned rubbing and standard contactless photoalignment techniques of the same B15 alignment material developed by us is presented.
Paper No 16.4: A Method for Passivating Low‐Cost Reactive Copper Grid in OLED Lighting Tiles
Authors: Doust Alexander , Baker Colin , Goncalves Goncalo , McCarthy Niall , Benzie Philip , Heatley Edward , Alsop‐Fox Karen , Conway Natasha , Burroughes Jeremy
Published: November 2013

Working toward low‐cost, roll‐to‐roll (R2R) compatible, high‐efficiency OLED lighting tiles, we demonstrate the development of an ITO‐free metal anode structure, combining results from modeling, devices and metrology to optimize performance. The presentation focuses on the development of a method for passivating low‐cost reactive copper, illustrating good performance with complementary analytical techniques.
Paper No 17.4: Auto‐Stereoscopic Projection Display Using Rotating Screen
Authors: Eldes Osman , Akşit Kaan , Urey Hakan
Published: November 2013

The presented technique requires only two projectors rather than an array of projectors and provides full resolution stereo vision for a single user in a large viewing area. A working prototype with an approximately 450 × 450 mm2 viewing area has been constructed and display quality has been reported in terms of crosstalk.
Paper No P39: Optimizing the Deposition Rate of Vacuum‐Grown n‐Octylphosphonic acid Monolayer for Low‐Voltage Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Gupta S. , Gleskova H.
Published: November 2013

A self‐assembled monolayer of n‐octylphosphonic acid (C8PA) is prepared from vapor phase in vacuum. C8PA thickness corresponding to several monolayers is deposited on aluminum oxide (AlOx) and subsequently heated to leave a monolayer of chemisorbed molecules. The effect of C8PA deposition rate on a 15‐nm‐thick, bilayer AlOx/C8PA dielectric and low‐voltage p‐channel organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) is studied. The increase in the deposition rate from 0.1 to 7.0 Å/s leads to increase in the field‐effect mobility from 0.039 to 0.061 cm2/Vs, while the threshold voltage remains around −1.55 V. At the same time, the off‐current is reduced from 2.3 × 10−12 to 1.3 × 10−12A, the subthreshold slope is lowered from 100 to 89 mV/decade and the on/off current ratio is increased from ∼105 to ∼106. The leakage current density of AlOx is reduced from 1 × 10−7 to 4 × 10−8 A/cm2 at 3 V when C8PA monolayer is added on top of it. In addition, pentacene grain size on AlOx/C8PA is larger than that on AlOx. The overall performance of AlOx/C8PA OTFTs is superior to that of AlOx OTFTs.
Paper No 18.2: Waveguide‐Based Display Technology
Authors: Wilmington I. K. , Valera M. S.
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we describe the technology behind the Q‐Sight® 100 Head Mounted Display, a waveguide‐based display technology developed at BAE Systems in Rochester.
Indistinguishable against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack secure public key cryptosystem with double trapdoor decryption mechanism
Authors: Wang Baocang , Hu Yupu , Lv Xixiang
Published: November 2013

Public key cryptography is an important technique to resolve the security issues in computer communication networks. In some scenarios, a public key cryptosystem with double trapdoor decryption mechanism is desired. Previous known public key cryptosystems with double trapdoor decryption mechanism achieve no standard semantic security goals against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks and were shown vulnerable to some attacks. In this paper, two new problems, the generalized RSA problem and the computational generalized RSA problem, are introduced, and the equivalence of the standard RSA problem and the computational generalized RSA problem is proven. Accordingly, on the basis of the computational generalized RSA problem, a public key cryptosystem with double trapdoor decryption mechanism, called GenRSA, is presented. We prove the GenRSA's indistinguishability security against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack under the computational generalized RSA intractability assumption and in the random oracle model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel D–S based secure localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Yu Ning , Zhang Lirui , Ren Yongji
Published: November 2013

Recent advances in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technologies have brought significant convenience for location‐based services. And the problem of enabling nodes of WSNs to determine their locations in a hostile environment has become more and more important in WSNs applications. In this article, we propose a novel Dempster–Shafer based secure localization algorithm to diminish the effect of the unreliable beacons that provide false localization information in the WSNs. First, the framework of trust evaluation is established on the basis of evidence theory. According to the characteristics of time and space of beacons, we set up the basic probability assignment (BPA) values and BPA evidences of beacons. Then, an improved Dempster–Shafer method is utilized to resolve the conflicts among the BPA evidences and to integrate the trust values of beacons. The max_mass function is used to decide which beacon is attacked, and then, we eliminate the attacked beacons before the localization stage. Finally, we employ the weighted Taylor‐series least squares method to estimate the normal nodes coordinates. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm is robust and effective. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility of using Auto Mod‐MPI system, a novel technique for automated measurement of fetal modified myocardial performance index
Authors: Lee M.‐Y. , Won H.‐S. , Jeon E.‐J. , Yoon H. C. , Choi J. Y. , Hong S. J. , Kim M.‐J.
Published: November 2013

Objectives

To evaluate the reproducibility of measurement of the fetal left modified myocardial performance index (Mod‐MPI) determined using a novel automated system.

Methods

This was a prospective study of 116 ultrasound examinations from 110 normal singleton pregnancies at 12 + 1 to 37 + 1 weeks' gestation. Two experienced operators each measured the left Mod‐MPI twice manually and twice automatically using the Auto Mod‐MPI system. Intra‐ and interoperator reproducibility were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the manual and automated measurements obtained by the more experienced operator were compared using Bland–Altman plots and ICCs.

Results

Both operators successfully measured the left Mod‐MPI in all cases using the Auto Mod‐MPI system. For both operators, intraoperator reproducibility was higher when performing automated measurements (ICC = 0.967 and 0.962 for Operators 1 and 2, respectively) than when performing manual measurements (ICC = 0.857 and 0.856 for Operators 1 and 2, respectively). Interoperator agreement was also better for automated than for manual measurements (ICC = 0.930 vs 0.723, respectively). There was good agreement between the automated and manual values measured by the more experienced operator.

Conclusions

The Auto Mod‐MPI system is a reliable technique for measuring fetal left Mod‐MPI and demonstrates excellent reproducibility. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Influence of adjacent crop type on occurrence of California ground squirrels on levees in the Sacramento Valley, California
Authors: McGrann Michael C. , Van Vuren Dirk H. , Ordeñana Miguel A.
Published: November 2013

In the Sacramento Valley in California, USA, burrowing activities of California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi) on levees pose a threat to human safety and property by potentially compromising levee integrity during a flood event. Ground squirrel occurrence on levees is influenced by habitat features on the levee itself, but occurrence also might be influenced by food availability in adjacent areas. During June through September 2012, we evaluated the association between the occurrence of ground squirrels on levees and 5 common land‐use types adjacent to levees: perennial nut crops, perennial fruit crops, annual crops, rice, and grassland. Using burrow entrances as an index of ground squirrel occurrence and abundance, we found that ground squirrel occurrence was highest on levees adjacent to perennial nut and fruit crops and lowest adjacent to rice and grassland. Additionally, the number of burrow entrances on levees increased with percent cover of perennial nut crops on adjacent land. Our findings highlight the importance of a landscape perspective in managing human–wildlife conflicts, and will assist levee managers in prioritizing those reaches most at risk from infestation by ground squirrels, for inspection during routine maintenance, or for monitoring during a flood event. Further, opportunities might arise to coordinate with local landowners to establish crops adjacent to levees that are least attractive to ground squirrels. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Accuracy of aging ducks in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Waterfowl Parts Collection Survey
Authors: Pearse Aaron T. , Johnson Douglas H. , Richkus Kenneth D. , Rohwer Frank C. , Cox Robert R. , Padding Paul I.
Published: November 2013

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducts an annual Waterfowl Parts Collection Survey to estimate composition of harvested waterfowl by species, sex, and age (i.e., juv or ad). The survey relies on interpretation of duck wings by a group of experienced biologists at annual meetings (hereafter, flyway wingbees). Our objectives were to estimate accuracy of age assignment at flyway wingbees and to explore how accuracy rates may influence bias of age composition estimates. We used banded mallards (Anas platyrhynchos; n = 791), wood ducks (Aix sponsa; n = 242), and blue‐winged teal (Anas discors; n = 39) harvested and donated by hunters as our source of birds used in accuracy assessments. We sent wings of donated birds to wingbees after the 2002–2003 and 2003–2004 hunting seasons and compared species, sex, and age determinations made at wingbees with our assessments based on internal and external examination of birds and corresponding banding records. Determinations of species and sex of mallards, wood ducks, and blue‐winged teal were accurate (>99%). Accuracy of aging adult mallards increased with harvest date, whereas accuracy of aging juvenile male wood ducks and juvenile blue‐winged teal decreased with harvest date. Accuracy rates were highest (96% and 95%) for adult and juvenile mallards, moderate for adult and juvenile wood ducks (92% and 92%), and lowest for adult and juvenile blue‐winged teal (84% and 82%). We used these estimates to calculate bias for all possible age compositions (0–100% proportion juv) and determined the range of age compositions estimated with acceptable levels of bias. Comparing these ranges with age compositions estimated from Parts Collection Surveys conducted from 1961 to 2008 revealed that mallard and wood duck age compositions were estimated with insignificant levels of bias in all national surveys. However, 69% of age compositions for blue‐winged teal were estimated with an unacceptable level of bias. The low preliminary accuracy rates of aging blue‐winged teal based on our limited sample suggest a more extensive accuracy assessment study may be considered for interpreting age compositions of this species. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Collective migration of cancer‐associated fibroblasts is enhanced by overexpression of tight junction‐associated proteins claudin‐11 and occludin
Authors: Karagiannis George S. , Schaeffer David F. , Cho Chan-Kyung J. , Musrap Natasha , Saraon Punit , Batruch Ihor , Grin Andrea , Mitrovic Bojana , Kirsch Richard , Riddell Robert H. , Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: November 2013

It has been suggested that cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) positioned at the desmoplastic areas of various types of cancer are capable of executing a migratory program, characterized by accelerated motility and collective configuration. Since CAFs are reprogrammed derivatives of normal progenitors, including quiescent fibroblasts, we hypothesized that such migratory program could be context‐dependent, thus being regulated by specific paracrine signals from the adjacent cancer population. Using the traditional scratch assay setup, we showed that only specific colon cancer cell lines (i.e. HT29) were able to induce collective CAF migration. By performing quantitative proteomics (SILAC), we identified a 2.7‐fold increase of claudin‐11, a member of the tight junction apparatus, in CAFs that exerted such collectivity in their migratory pattern. Further proteomic investigations of cancer cell line secretomes revealed a specific signature, involving TGF‐β, as potential mediator of this effect. Normal colonic fibroblasts stimulated with TGF‐β exerted myofibroblastic differentiation, occludin (OCLN) and claudin‐11 (CLDN11) overexpression and cohort formation. Subsequently, inhibition of TGF‐β attenuated all the previous effects. Immunohistochemistry of the universal tight junction marker occludin in a cohort of 30 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients defined a CAF subpopulation expressing tight junctions. Overall, these data suggest that cancer cells may induce CLDN11 overexpression and subsequent collective migration of peritumoral CAFs via TGF‐β secretion.
Non-homogeneous rapid distortion theory on transversely sheared mean flows
Authors: Goldstein M. E. , Afsar M. Z. , Leib S. J.
Published: November 2013

This paper is concerned with the small-amplitude unsteady motion of an inviscid non-heat-conducting compressible fluid on a transversely sheared mean flow. It extends previous analyses (Goldstein,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 84, 1978b, pp. 305–329; Goldstein,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 91, 1979a, pp. 601–632), which show that the hydrodynamic component of the motion is determined by two arbitrary convected quantities in the absence of solid surfaces and hydrodynamic instabilities. These results can be used to specify appropriate upstream boundary conditions for unsteady surface interaction problems on transversely sheared mean flows in the same way that the vortical component of the Kovasznay (J. Aero. Sci., vol. 20, 1953, pp. 657–674) decomposition is used to specify these conditions for surface interaction problems on uniform mean flows. But unlike Kovasznay’s result, the arbitrary convected quantities no longer bear a simple relation to the physical variables. A major purpose of this paper is to complete the formalism developed in Goldstein’s earlier two papers by obtaining the necessary relations between these quantities and the measurable flow variables. The results are important because they enable the complete extension of non-homogeneous rapid distortion theory to transversely sheared mean flows. Another purpose of the paper is to derive a generalization of the famous Ffowcs Williams and Hall (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 40, 1970, pp. 657–670) formula for the sound produced by the interaction of turbulence with an edge, which is frequently used as a starting point for predicting sound generation by turbulence–solid surface interactions. We illustrate the utility of this result by using it to calculate the sound radiation produced by the interaction of a two-dimensional jet with the downstream edge of a flat plate.
Electrostatically controlled large-amplitude, non-axisymmetric waves in thin film flows down a cylinder
Authors: Wray A. W. , Papageorgiou D. T. , Matar O. K.
Published: November 2013

We examine the dynamics of a thin film flowing under gravity down the exterior of a vertically aligned inner cylinder, with a co-aligned, concentric cylinder acting as an outer electrode; the space between the outer cylinder and the film is occupied by an inviscid gas. The stability of the interface is studied when it is subjected to an electric field, applied by imposing a potential difference between the two cylinders. Leaky-dielectric theory is used in conjunction with asymptotic reduction, in the large-conductivity limit, to derive a single, two-dimensional evolution equation for the interfacial location, which accounts for gravity, capillarity, and electrostatic effects. A linear stability analysis is carried out which shows that non-axisymmetric modes become more dominant with increasing electric field strength. Our fully two-dimensional numerical solutions of the evolution equation demonstrate qualitative agreement between the trends observed in the nonlinear regime and those predicted by linear theory. These numerical solutions also show that, depending on the electric field strength and the relative proximity of the outer electrode, the interface either remains spatially uniform, or exhibits either axisymmetric or, importantly, non-axisymmetric travelling waves. The effect of wave formation on the interfacial area is investigated in connection with the use of electric fields to control thin film flows to enhance heat and mass transfer rates.
Transcritical flow of a stratified fluid over topography: analysis of the forced Gardner equation
Authors: Kamchatnov A. M. , Kuo Y.-H. , Lin T.-C. , Horng T.-L. , Gou S.-C. , Clift R. , El G. A. , Grimshaw R. H. J.
Published: November 2013

Transcritical flow of a stratified fluid past a broad localised topographic obstacle is studied analytically in the framework of the forced extended Korteweg–de Vries, or Gardner, equation. We consider both possible signs for the cubic nonlinear term in the Gardner equation corresponding to different fluid density stratification profiles. We identify the range of the input parameters: the oncoming flow speed (the Froude number) and the topographic amplitude, for which the obstacle supports a stationary localised hydraulic transition from the subcritical flow upstream to the supercritical flow downstream. Such a localised transcritical flow is resolved back into the equilibrium flow state away from the obstacle with the aid of unsteady coherent nonlinear wave structures propagating upstream and downstream. Along with the regular, cnoidal undular bores occurring in the analogous problem for the single-layer flow modelled by the forced Korteweg–de Vries equation, the transcritical internal wave flows support a diverse family of upstream and downstream wave structures, including kinks, rarefaction waves, classical undular bores, reversed and trigonometric undular bores, which we describe using the recent development of the nonlinear modulation theory for the (unforced) Gardner equation. The predictions of the developed analytic construction are confirmed by direct numerical simulations of the forced Gardner equation for a broad range of input parameters.
Intangibles, Export Intensity, and Company Performance in the French Wine Industry
Authors: Amadieu Paul , Maurel Carole , Viviani Jean-Laurent
Published: November 2013

Intangible assets can play a strategic role in the implementation of differentiated strategies in foreign markets. The literature has addressed the impact of intangible assets on both exports and financial performance and the effects of exports on company financial performance (profit and risk). This article aims to analyze the effect of exports on the relationship between intangibles and company performance in the wine industry. Empirical studies show that intangibles have a positive but diminishing impact on exports. The effect of exports on financial performance differs depending on whether we consider corporations or cooperatives. While intangible expenses reduce company risk in both samples whatever the level of export intensity, the effects are different with profit. In corporations, intangible expenses have a positive impact on profit only when there is a high level of expenses and a high level of export intensity. (JEL Classifications: G32, L25, Q12, Q13)
Discontent and the Left Turn in Latin America
Authors: Wiesehomeier Nina , Doyle David
Published: November 2013

The electoral success of the left across Latin America has largely been interpreted as a backlash against globalization and a manifestation of anti-market voting of citizens increasingly frustrated with their experience of representative democracy. However, studies trying to test these propositions show rather inconclusive results and face the problem of translating objective economic conditions into observable individual perceptions. This article contends that theories of subjective well-being in psychology and economics can shed light on this left turn. In particular, life satisfaction, as a manifestation of experienced utility, can help explain the electoral outcomes observed throughout the region. The findings show that support for the left is higher the more unsatisfied voters are under a right incumbent.
International Treaty Ratification and Party Competition: Theory and Evidence from the EU's Constitutional Treaty
Authors: Dür Andreas , Konstantinidis Nikitas
Published: November 2013

What explains a party's dual decision about whether to endorse a referendum on an international treaty and whether to support that treaty in a referendum campaign? Relying on an original game of second-order electoral competition, this article argues that the relative likelihood of a party endorsing a referendum is highest at the beginning and end of the electoral cycle, and when the public supports the treaty. The study uses data on the position of 175 parties in 24 member states vis-à-vis the EU's Constitutional Treaty and its preferred mechanism of ratification to test these expectations against empirical evidence. Using a multinomial logistic regression model, it finds robust support for the argument.