bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A atuação do enfermeiro nas práticas integrativas e complementares: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Leite Pereira Keren Nubia , Cadore Weis Maia Margani , Cunha Guimarães Rebeca Félix , Ramos de Andrade Antunes Gomes Jacqueline
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Identificar, por meio de busca na literatura nacional e internacional, quais as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (PICS) o enfermeiro está utilizando no cuidado, já que no Brasil o Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN), regulamenta como especialidade e/ou qualificação profissional em terapias alternativas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. A busca deu-se nas bases de dados BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE e CINAHL. Resultados: A amostra final foi composta de 26 textos. Entre os 12 países nos quais foram publicados os estudos, os Estados Unidos da América e o Brasil se destacam em número de publicações. Discussões: Dentre as PICS encontradas, a Medicina tradicional chinesa (MTC) se destaca, entretanto, ainda há pouca exploração das 12 terapias aprovadas e reconhecidas pelo COFEN. Ademais, é necessário conhecimento suficiente para o exercício de qualquer cuidado de enfermagem e isto é inerente ao profissional que deve se aprimorar constantemente. Conclusão: A autonomia do enfermeiro vem sendo ampliada com respaldo do COFEN e comprovada, conforme estudos desta revisão que evidenciam enfermeiros utilizando as PICS. Porém, ainda há muito espaço a ser ocupado pela enfermagem o qual cada vez mais deve apoderar-se de conhecimentos elementares.
Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com fratura bucomaxilofacial em um hospital público secundário do Distrito Federal
Authors: Ribeiro Vignoli Yagnn’s , Dos Santos Andrade Monteiro Marinna Mayra , Rocha Itacarambi Lauane , Da Silva Ferreira Vanessa , Ramos de Andrade Antunes Gomes Jacqueline , Costa Quirino Gleyce Mikaelle , Barros de Oliveira Raniele , Almeida Felix Caroline , Pereira de Abreu Edivalda , De Queiroz Lucivane Julia , Serafim Gregis Rodineide , Silva Matos Ruth
Published: January 2022

Introdução: Fraturas situadas na região facial são classificadas como graves e com potencial risco de óbito. Visto a elevada prevalência e incidência dessas fraturas, é necessário ter um claro entendimento dos padrões das injúrias que afetam a face. Método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico tipo transversal retrospectivo realizado em um hospital regional do DF, onde foram avaliados os dados dos pacientes que realizaram cirurgia bucomaxilofacial. Resultados: A amostra foi de 47 pacientes, sendo os homens (76,55%) mais acometidos pelas fraturas, a faixa etária mais afetada foi a dos adultos (63,80%), o principal fator etiológico da fratura foi a agressão física (29,70%) sendo todas as vítimas do sexo masculino, o segundo fator etiológico foi a causa não informada (27,60%),o local mais acometido pela fratura foi a mandíbula (55,31%) e o principal tratamento instituído foi a redução cruenta unilateral de mandíbula (27,65%) em seguida a redução cruenta bilateral de mandíbula (25,53%). Conclusão: A violência interpessoal é um problema de saúde pública global, percebe-se a necessidade de criação de políticas públicas e aumento de medidas de segurança pública para prevenção e diminuição das situações de violência a fim de diminuir os traumatismos bucomaxilofaciais.
Avaliação da implantação do checklist perioperatório em um hospital público do Distrito Federal
Authors: Valentim Santana Pereira Ana Cláudia , Silva Matos Ruth , Moreira Corgozinho Marcelo , Costa Quirino Gleyce Mikaelle , Ramos de Andrade Antunes Gomes Jacqueline , Rocha Itacarambi Lauane , Dos Santos Pinto Cleber , Silva Oliveira Erika Vanessa , Severiano de Melo Junior Kerginaldo , Pereira dos Santos Osmar , Pereira de Oliveira Fernanda , Dias Castelo Branco Jaqueline
Published: January 2022

Introdução: A Organização Mundial de Saúde lançou em 2009 o Programa Cirurgias Seguras Salvam Vidas. Para alcançar os dez objetos essenciais propostos pela Organização Mundial de Saúde é necessária a utilização do Checklist de Cirurgia Segura. Objetivo: avaliar o grau da implantação do instrumento de checklist perioperatório de cirurgia segura em um Hospital Público do Distrito Federal. Método: trata-se de um estudo exploratório que avaliou a implantação de atividades relacionadas à aplicação do checklist no período Perioperatório, a partir da abordagem qualitativa. Resultados: participaram deste estudo 31 profissionais da Enfermagem que atuam no Centro Cirúrgico. A partir da matriz de avaliação foram pontuados os itens do checklist nos tempos Sing In, Time Out e Sing Out e para cada item da checagem foi estabelecida a pontuação de 10 pontos, totalizando 250 pontos (100%). A pontuação obtida após análise dos questionários foi de 215 pontos (86%). Conclusão: o checklist de segurança cirurgia segura realizado no Hospital Materno-Infantil de Brasília é considerado implantado. O preenchimento completo e correto do instrumento do checklist é o melhor meio existente para alcançar a real segurança do paciente cirúrgico.
Correlação entre os escores Surgical Risk Calculator e Safety Zone no pré-operatório de cirurgias não cardíacas
Authors: Resende Alves Kelly , Silva Matos Ruth , Ramos de Andrade Antunes Gomes Jacqueline , Miranda Verner Glayson Carlos , Rocha Itacarambi Lauane , Siqueira de Araújo Lethícia , Costa Quirino Gleyce Mikaelle , Rodrigues Rios Liliane , Garcia Oliveira Maria Luiza , Rodrigues de Souza Sâmela Cristine , Lopes de Souza Bandeira Vanda Maria , De Carvalho Ribeiro Rodrigo
Published: January 2022

Contexto: A TEV é uma complicação comum em pacientes hospitalizados. Assim, a estratificação do risco tromboembólico é essencial para minimizar complicações e otimizar a condição pré-operatória do paciente antes de cirurgias eletivas. Objetivo:Investigar a correlação entre o escore ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator e o TEV Safety Zone na avaliação ambulatorial pré-operatória do risco tromboembólico em cirurgias não cardíacas.Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal retrospectivo com análise de prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório multidisciplinar de medicina e enfermagem perioperatória no período compreendido entre Janeiro e Dezembro de 2017. Correlacionou-se o escore de risco tromboembólico TEV Safety Zone já aplicado no ambulatório com o risco de tromboembolismo venoso obtido pela calculadora de risco ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator. Resultados:Foi coletada uma amostra de 416 prontuários. Destes, 197 (47,6%) resultaram em risco equivalente entre os dois escores e 219 divergiram nos resultados. Obteve-se um p<0,001 através do teste de Wilcoxon.Conclusões: Houve correlação entre o ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator e o TEV Safety Zone (p<0,001).
Gestão do conhecimento na assistência pelo enfermeiro perioperatório: revisão sistemática
Authors: Mendes Borges Renata , Gévila Lima Silva Iara , Lopes Ferreira Ruanna , Silva Matos Ruth , Ramos de Andrade Antunes Gomes Jacqueline , Moreira do Nascimento Araújo Suely , Moreira Corgozinho Marcelo , Silva Oliveira Erika Vanessa , Barcellos Marques Schiffer Raquel , Serafim Gregis Rodineide , Marques do Nascimento Cinthya , Brandão Vitor Francisco
Published: January 2022

Introdução:A gestão do conhecimento contribui para o empoderamento da prática do enfermeiro perioperatório, e auxilia na caracterização do papel estratégico do na assistência em saúde.Objetivo: Examinar a evidência científica disponível referente à gestão do conhecimento por parte do enfermeiro perioperatório e analisar os desfechos dessas pesquisas. Método: Revisão sistemática conduzido conforme a metodologia PreferredReportingItems for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA Statement), busca nas bases de dados Medical LiteratureandRetrieval System Online via PUBMED, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde via Biblioteca Regional de Medicina, Cochrane Library e Scielo no período de 02 a 25 de setembro de 2018.Resultados:Do total de 1419 artigos, 12 estudos foram considerados nesta revisão sistemática. Os estudos incluídos no geral, não ofereceram tratamentos abrangentes sobre enfermeiros perioperatórios e sua posição estratégica na gestão do conhecimento, por isso foram analisados observando outras perspectivas.Conclusão: Enfermeiros perioperatórios possuem posição estratégica na gestão do conhecimento, havendo diferenças na qualidade da assistência aos pacientes, quando comparadas a assistência em saúde geral.
Acidente com perfurocortantes envolvendo a equipe de enfermagem em um centro cirúrgico em um hospital público
Authors: Lopes Ferreira Ruanna , Rocha Itacarambi Lauane , De Amorim Lino Alexandra Isabel , Costa Quirino Gleyce Mikaelle , Ramos de Andrade Antunes Gomes Jacqueline , Silva Matos Ruth , Dos Reis Silva Aline , Carvalho Boaventura Aline , Rosa dos Santos Roseli Fátima , De Lima Santos Hilário , Marques do Nascimento Cinthya , Ionaha Pereira Mônica
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: o estudo objetivou conhecer os acidentes com materiais perfurocortantes que envolvem a equipe de enfermagem em um centro cirúrgico, com a pretensãode identificar os fatores que contribuem para ocorrência dos acidentes. Método: trata-se de um estudo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa de caráter documental e retrospectivo. Realizada busca dos formulários de notificação de acidentes perfurocortantes. Participaram da pesquisa todos os profissionais que sofreram acidente, totalizando 125 profissionais vinculados a equipe da enfermagem do hospital. Conclusão: com relação ao tipo de exposição foi notório a frequência de acidentes envolvendo objetos perfurocortantes (52,8%.Em relação a acidentes com exposição de líquidos corpóreos a pele íntegra (19,2%), os acidentados a maioria pertenciam a categoria de técnico de enfermagem (60,0%). Portanto, através desta pesquisa espera-se contribuir com informações que incentivem a implementação de programas de orientação e prevenção, possibilitando uma aprendizagem e atualização desses profissionais acerca dos acidentes.
Avaliação do preparo intestinal dos pacientes submetidos à colonoscopia
Authors: Gomes de Araújo Gleice Kelly , De Amorim Lino Alexandra Isabel , Rocha Itacarambi Lauane , Ramos de Andrade Antunes Gomes Jacqueline , Silva Matos Ruth , Costa Quirino Gleyce Mikaelle , Nogueira Silva Aparecida Keilly , Menezes Bosco Ana Paula , Virginia Noleto Iracema , De Souza Lima Dias Linéia , Gonçalves de Sousa Wilk Mirce Meire , Pereira de Abreu Edivalda
Published: January 2022

Introdução: A colonoscopia tem alta precisão diagnóstica e a possibilidade terapêutica considerada padrão ouro deescolha para a avalição, detecção e tratamento das lesões dos cólons, reto e íleo. É utilizada como importante método derastreamento do câncer colorretal e diagnostico de outras doenças intestinais. Para sua realização é necessário realizarpreparo intestinal adequado para permitir uma boa visualização dos seguimentos intestinais. Método: Trata-se de umapesquisa de campo, descritiva com abordagem e análise quantitativa, realizada no ambulatório de Proctologia de umhospital terciário do Distrito Federal. Participaram do estudo um total de 76 sujeitos devido à queda da demanda noperíodo de coleta. Resultados: De um total de 76 participantes, 59 (77,6%) apresentaramum excelente preparo, 9 (11,8) com um bom preparo e 8 (10,5%) com preparo regular. A principal indicação foi o rastreamento de câncer colorretal. Os sintomas mais referidos durante o preparo foram as náuseas em 26 (34,2%) e cólicas abdominais em 18 (23,7%). Conclusão: Entre exames realizados, de acordo com a escala de Boston, 89,4% foramclassificadosbomeexcelente,preparoregular em10,5 %.
Segurança do paciente na antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica: revisão integrativa
Authors: Feitosa do Carmo Marcely , Rocha Itacarambi Lauane , Nogueira Silva Aparecida Keilly , Ramos de Andrade Antunes Gomes Jacqueline , Moreira Corgozinho Marcelo , Santos de Melo Verônica , Silva Matos Ruth , Da Costa Quirino Gleyce Mikaelle , Rosa dos Santos Roseli Fátima , Sabino da Silva Gilberto , Marques do Nascimento Cinthya
Published: January 2022

Introdução: É estimado pela OMS (Organização Mundial de Saúde) que milhares de pessoas sofrem de algum dano causado pela insegurança que é prestada pelo serviço de saúde, seja ele privado ou público. Esses danos podem ser reversíveis ou irreversíveis podendo chegar ao óbito.  Objetivo: Descrever, a partir da literatura, os fatores predisponentes para falhas na antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, que aborda a temática da antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica. As etapas foram analisadas com utilização das recomendações do Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Resultados: Com análise de 57 estudos, considerando 8 que abordavam a temática sobre segurança do paciente, antibioticoprofilaxia, e centro cirúrgico, não houve duplicidade nas bases e foram excluídos os artigos que tratavam da antibioticoprofilaxia em especialidades. Conclusão: Os cuidados relacionados à segurança do paciente na antibioticoprofilaxia nas cirurgias, estão diretamente relacionados ao cumprimento das diretrizes publicado pela OMS, e estes implicam na redução dos casos relacionados a infecção de sítio cirúrgico, tal como diminuição das taxas de complicações e mortalidade.
Macitentan and Tadalafil (Opsynvi)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: January 2022

CADTH recommends that Opsynvi should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the long-term treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; WHO Group 1) to reduce morbidity in patients in WHO functional class (FC) II or III whose PAH is idiopathic, heritable, or associated with connective tissue disease or congenital heart disease if certain conditions are met.

Opsynvi should only be covered for patients who are currently treated simultaneously with stable doses of macitentan 10 mg and tadalafil 40 mg as separate tablets.

Opsynvi should only be reimbursed if prescribed by a specialist with expertise in managing and treating patients with PAH and if the price of Opsynvi is negotiated to ensure cost savings in comparison with separate macitentan and tadalafil tablets.
Main features of modeling terrigenous deposits in East-Siberia using the example of the Hamakinsky horizon
Authors: Kozikov Dmitriy V. , Vasiliev Mikhail A. , Zverev Konstantin V. , Lanin Andrei N. , Nigamatov Shafkat A. , Andronov Sergey A.
Published: January 2022

Background. The article considers the results of updating the geological model of the khamakinskii horizon reservoirs of the Chayandinskoe oid and gas field. The main aim is project the production of the oil rims and form a positive business case of the project.

Materials and methods. Conceptual sedimentary model bases on the core of the 14 wells. Updating of the petrophysical model is the key to identify post-sedimentary transformations (like anhydritization and halitization) and the opportunity to correct the permeability trend. The tectonic pattern of the horizon based on the interpretation of 3D seismic data. There are two groups of faults were identified: certain and possible. Neural networks algorithm uses for a creating the predictive maps of anhydritization, which are used in the geological model.

Results. Estuary sands influenced by fluvial and tidal processes dominate the khamakinskii horizon. The reservoir is irregular vertically: at the base of the horizon, there are sandstones of the delta front and there are alluvial valley with fluvial channels in the middle and upper parts. Eustary sands eroded by incised valleys (alluvial channels). According to the core and thin section analysis, the main uncertainty is sedimentary transformations of reservoir. It affects the net thickness and then the volume of oil in productive wells. 3D geological model includes the trends of anhydritization and halitization over the area, which makes it possible to obtain a more accurate production forecast.

Conclusion. As part of the probability estimate of oil reserves, the main geological parameters that affect the volume of reserves were identified. Pilot project is planning to remove geological and technical uncertainties.
Numerical study of the imaging capabilities of the pre-Jurassic complex of the Tomsk and Novosibirsk regions
Authors: Protasov Maxim I. , Litvichenko Dmitry A. , Lisitsa Vadim V. , Vishnevskiy Dmitriy M.
Published: January 2022

Background and aim. The complexity of the structures of the Paleozoic deposits of Western Siberia requires the use of specialized methods for seismic data processing. However, the standard time processing procedures are still used in Western Siberia. Therefore, in this work, the goal is to study of seismic processing procedures for the construction of high-quality images of the pre-Jurassic complex in Western Siberia.

Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of time and depth processing was carried out in the paper on realistic synthetic data and models from Western Siberia containing the pre-Jurassic complex. Numerical examples are calculated for synthetic data obtained from two realistic seismic models. To create the first model, various geological and geophysical data from the Tomsk region are used. The most difficult areas of the Paleozoic in this model are steeply dipping carbonate structures and intrusive formations with steep slopes and outcropping to the erosion surface. Another model was built based on the seismic data processing results in the area of the Maloichskoye and Verkh-Tarskoye fields in the Novosibirsk region. Based on these data, the main horizons and a system of sub-vertical faults, characteristic of the pre-Jurassic deposits of the Novosibirsk region, were identified. Seismic data processing was carried out with an emphasis on the possibility of object-oriented migration.

Results. It is shown that the time processing of seismic data is insufficient and the need for deep processing to construct kinematically correct images of pre-Jurassic deposits. We also compared migration algorithms based on Gaussian beams and found that object-oriented migration gives the best quality results.
Measurement report: On the difference of aerosol hygroscopicity between high and low RH conditions in the North China Plain
Authors: Shi Jingnan , Hong Juan , Ma Nan , Luo Qingwei , He Yao , Xu Hanbing , Tan Haobo , Wang Qiaoqiao , Tao Jiangchuan , Zhou Yaqing , Han Shuang , Peng Long , Xie Linhong , Zhou Guangsheng , Xu Wanyun , Sun Yele , Cheng Yafang , Su Hang
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Atmospheric processes, including both primary emissions and secondary formation, may exert complex effects on aerosol hygroscopicity, which is of significant importance in understanding and quantifying the effect of aerosols on climate and human health. In order to explore the influence of local emissions and secondary formation processes on aerosol hygroscopicity, we investigated the hygroscopic properties of submicron aerosol particles at a rural site in the North China Plain (NCP) in winter 2018. This was conducted by simultaneous measurements of aerosol hygroscopicity and chemical composition, using a self-assembled hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) and a capture-vaporizer time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (CV-ToF-ACSM). The hygroscopicity results showed that the particles during the entire campaign were mainly externally mixed, with a more hygroscopic (MH) mode and a less hygroscopic (LH) particles mode. The mean hygroscopicity parameter values (κmean) derived from hygroscopicity measurements for particles at 60, 100, 150, and 200 nm were 0.16, 0.18, 0.16, and 0.15, respectively. During this study, we classified two distinct episodes with different RH/T conditions, indicative of different primary emissions and secondary formation processes. It was observed that aerosols at all measured sizes were more hygroscopic under the high RH (HRH) episode than those under the low RH (LRH) episode. During the LRH, κ decreased with increasing particle size, which may be explained by the enhanced domestic heating at low temperature, causing large emissions of non- or less-hygroscopic primary aerosols. This is particularly obvious for 200 nm particles, with a dominant number fraction (> 50 %) of LH mode particles. Using O : C-dependent hygroscopic parameters of secondary organic compounds (κSOA), closure analysis between the HTDMA_measured κ and the ACSM_derived κ was carried out. The results showed that κSOA under the LRH episode was less sensitive to the changes in organic oxidation level, while κSOA under the HRH had a relatively stronger dependency on the organic O : C. This feature suggests that the different sources and aerosol evolution processes, partly resulting from the variation in atmospheric RH/T conditions, may lead to significant changes in aerosol chemical composition, which will further influence their corresponding physical properties.
Quantifying NOx emissions in Egypt using TROPOMI observations
Authors: Rey-Pommier Anthony , Chevallier Frédéric , Ciais Philippe , Broquet Grégoire , Christoudias Theodoros , Kushta Jonilda , Hauglustaine Didier , Sciare Jean
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Urban areas and industrial facilities, which concentrate most human activity and industrial production, are major sources of air pollutants, with serious implications for human health and global climate. For most of these pollutants, emission inventories are often highly uncertain, especially in developing countries. Spaceborne observations from the TROPOMI instrument, onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite, are used to measure nitrogen dioxide (NO2) slant column densities with a high spatial resolution. Here, we use two years of TROPOMI retrievals to map nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions in Egypt with a top-down model based on the continuity equation in steady state. Emissions are expressed as the sum of a transport term and a sink term representing the three-body reaction comprising NO2 and OH. This sink term requires information on the lifetime of NO2, which is calculated with the use of CAMS near-real-time temperature and hydroxyl radical (OH) concentration fields. The applicability of the OH concentration field is evaluated by comparing the lifetime it provides with the lifetime inferred from the fitting of NO2 line density profiles with an exponentially modified Gaussian function. This comparison, which is conducted for 39 samples of NO2 patterns above the city of Riyadh, provides information on the reliability of the CAMS near-real-time OH concentration fields; It also provides the location of the most appropriate vertical level to represent typical pollution sources in industrial areas and megacities in the Middle East. In Egypt, total derived emissions of NOx are dominated by the sink term. However, they can be locally dominated by wind transport, especially along the Nile where human activities are concentrated. Megacities and industrial regions clearly appear as the largest sources of NOx emissions in the country. Our top-down model produces emissions whose annual variability is consistent with the national electricity consumption. It is also able to detect lower emissions on Fridays, which are inherent to the social norm of the country, and to quantify the drop in emissions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, our indications of NOx emissions for Egypt are found to be 25.0 % higher than the CAMS-GLOB-ANT_v4.2 inventory, but significantly differ in terms of seasonality.
Molecular Characteristics of Organosulfur Compounds in Guangzhou, South China: Heterogeneous Secondary Reactions Drivers the Molecular Distribution
Authors: Jiang Hongxing , Li Jun , Tang Jiao , Cui Min , Zhao Shizhen , Mo Yangzhi , Tian Chongguo , Zhang Xiangyun , Jiang Bin , Liao Yuhong , Chen Yinjun , Zhang Gan
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Organosulfur compounds (OrgSs), especially organosulfates, have been widely reported at large quantities in particulate organic matter found in various atmospheric environments. Despite various kinds of organosulfates and their formation mechanisms being previously identified, a large fraction of OrgSs remain unexplained at the molecular level, impeding further knowledge on additional formation pathways and critical environmental parameters that help to explain their concentrations. In this work, the abundance and molecular composition of OrgSs in fine particulate samples collected in Guangzhou was reported. Our results revealed that organic sulfur can averagely contribute to 30 % of total particulate sulfur, and showed positively correlations with the SO2 (r = 0.37, p < 0.05) and oxidants (NOx+O3, r = 0.40, p < 0.01). Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) results presented that more than 80 % by number of the detected OrgSs in our samples have the elemental composition of O/(4S+3N)  ≥ 1, indicating that they were largely in the form of oxidized organosulfates and/or nitrooxy organosulfates. Many OrgSs, which are tentatively attributed to previously identified biogenic and anthropogenic origins, were also present in aerosols derived from freshly-emitted combustion sources. Results show that the formation of OrgSs through an epoxide intermediate pathway could be as much as 46 %, and the oxidants levels could explain 20 % variation of organic sulfur mass. The analysis from our large FT-ICR MS dataset suggests that relative humidity, oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds via ozonolysis, and NOx-related nitrooxy organosulfate formations were the major reasons for the molecular variation of OrgSs, possibly highlighting the importance of heterogeneous reactions involving either the uptake of SO2 or the heterogeneous oxidations of particulate organosulfates into additional unrecognized OrgSs.
Space borne tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) observations from 2005–2020 over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China: variabilities, implications, and drivers
Authors: Yin Hao , Sun Youwen , Notholt Justus , Palm Mathias , Liu Cheng
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is mainly affected by local emission and meteorology rather than long-range transport. Accurate acknowledge of its long-term variabilities and drivers are significant for understanding the evolutions of economic and social development, anthropogenic emission, and the effectiveness of pollution control measures on regional scale. In this study, we quantity the long-term variabilities and the underlying drivers of NO2 from 2005 to 2020 over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), one of the most densely populated and highly industrialized city clusters in China, using OMI space borne observations and the multiple linear regression (MLR) model. We have compared the space borne tropospheric results to the surface in-situ data, yielding correlation coefficients of 0.8 to 0.9 over all megacities within the YRD. As a result, the tropospheric NO2 column measurements can be used as representatives of near-surface conditions, and we thus only use ground-level meteorological data for MLR regression. The inter-annual variabilities of tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) from 2005 to 2020 over the YRD can be divided into two stages. The first stage was from 2005 to 2011, which showed overall increasing trends with a wide range of (1.91 ± 1.50) to (6.70 ± 0.10) × 1014 molecules/cm2·yr−1 (p < 0.01) over the YRD. The second stage was from 2011 to 2020, which showed over all decreasing trends of (−6.31 ± 0.71) to (−11.01 ± 0.90) × 1014 molecules/cm2·yr−1 (p < 0.01) over each of the megacities. The seasonal cycles of tropospheric NO2 VCDs over the YRD are mainly driven by meteorology (81.01 % – 83.91 %) except during winter when anthropogenic emission contributions are pronounced (16.09 % – 18.99 %). The inter annual variabilities of tropospheric NO2 VCDs are mainly driven by anthropogenic emission (69.18 % – 81.34 %) except for a few years such as 2018 which are partly attributed to meteorology anomalies (39.07 % – 91.51 %). The increasing trends in tropospheric NO2 VCDs from 2005 to 2011 over the YRD are mainly attributed to high energy consumption associated with rapid economic growth which cause significant increases in anthropogenic NO2 emissions. The decreasing trends in tropospheric NO2 VCDs from 2011 to 2020 over the YRD are mainly attributed to the stringent clean air measures which either adjust high energy industrial structure toward low energy industrial structure or directly reduce pollutant emissions from different industrial sectors.
Measurement report: Variations in surface SO2 and NOx mixing ratios from 2004 to 2016 at a background site in the North China Plain
Authors: Liu Xueli , Ran Liang , Lin Weili , Xu Xiaobin , Ma Zhiqiang , Dong Fan , He Di , Zhou Liyan , Shi Qingfeng , Wang Yao
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Strict air pollution control strategies have been implemented in recent decades in the North China Plain (NCP), previously one of the most polluted regions in the world, and have resulted in considerable changes in emissions of air pollutants. However, little is so far known about the long-term trends of the regional background level of NOx and SO2, along with the increase and decrease processes of regional emissions. In this study, the seasonal and diurnal variations of NOx and SO2 as well as their long-term trends at a regional background station in the NCP were characterized from 2004 to 2016. On average, SO2 and NOx mixing ratios were 5.7 ± 8.4 ppb and 14.2 ± 12.4 ppb, respectively. The seasonal variations in SO2 and NOx mixing ratios showed a similar pattern with a peak in winter and a valley in summer. However, the diurnal variations in SO2 and NOx mixing ratios greatly differed for all seasons, indicating different sources for SO2 and NOx. Overall, the annual mean SO2 exhibited a significant decreasing trend of ‒6.1 % yr−1 (R = −0.84, P < 0.01) from 2004 to 2016, which is very close to −6.3 % yr−1 of the annual SO2 emission in Beijing, and a greater decreasing trend of −7.4 % yr−1 (R = −0.95, P < 0.01) from 2008 to 2016. The annual mean of NOx showed a fluctuating rise of +3.4 % yr−1 (R = 0.38, P = 0.40) from 2005 to 2010, reaching the peak value (16.9 ppb) in 2010, and then exhibited an extremely significant fluctuating downward trend of −4.5 % yr−1 (R = 0.95, P < 0.01) from 2010 to 2016. After 2010, the annual mean NOx mixing ratios correlated significantly (R = 0.94, P < 0.01) with the annual NOx emission in North China. The decreasing rate (−4.8 % yr−1, R = −0.92, P < 0.01) of the annual mean NOx mixing ratios from 2011 to 2016 at SDZ are lower than the one (−8.8 % yr−1, R = −0.94, P < 0.01) for the annual NOx emission in the NCP and (−9.0 % yr−1, R = −0.96, P < 0.01) in Beijing. It indicated that surface NOx mixing ratios at SDZ had weaker influence than SO2 by the emission reduction in Beijing and its surrounding areas in the NCP. The increase in the amount of motor vehicles led to an increase in traffic emissions for NOx. This study supported conclusions from previous studies that the measures taken for controlling NOx and SO2 in the NCP in the past decades were generally successful. However, NOx emission control should be strengthened in the future.
Aqueous secondary organic aerosol formation from the direct photosensitized oxidation of vanillin in the absence and presence of ammonium nitrate
Authors: Go Brix Raphael , Lyu Yan , Ji Yan , Li Yong Jie , Huang Dan Dan , Li Xue , Nah Theodora , Lam Chun Ho , Chan Chak K.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Vanillin (VL), a phenolic aromatic carbonyl abundant in biomass burning emissions, forms triplet excited states (3VL∗) under simulated sunlight leading to aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation. Nitrate and ammonium are among the main components of biomass burning aerosols and cloud or fog water. Under atmospherically relevant cloud and fog conditions, solutions composed of either VL only or VL with ammonium nitrate were subjected to simulated sunlight irradiation to compare aqSOA formation via the direct photosensitized oxidation of VL in the absence and presence of ammonium nitrate. The reactions were characterized by examining the VL decay kinetics, product compositions, and light absorbance changes. Both conditions generated oligomers, functionalized monomers, and oxygenated ring-opening products, and ammonium nitrate promoted functionalization and nitration, likely due to its photolysis products (⚫OH, ⚫NO2, and NO2- or HONO). Moreover, a potential imidazole derivative observed in the presence of ammonium nitrate suggested that ammonium participated in the reactions. The majority of the most abundant products from both conditions were potential brown carbon (BrC) chromophores. The effects of oxygen (O2), pH, and reactants concentration and molar ratios on the reactions were also explored. Our findings show that O2 plays an essential role in the reactions, and oligomer formation was enhanced at pH <4. Also, functionalization was dominant at low VL concentrations, whereas oligomerization was favored at high VL concentrations. Furthermore, oligomers and hydroxylated products were detected from the oxidation of guaiacol (a non-carbonyl phenol) via VL photosensitized reactions. Last, potential aqSOA formation pathways via the direct photosensitized oxidation of VL in the absence and presence of ammonium nitrate were proposed. This study indicates that the direct photosensitized oxidation of VL may be an important aqSOA source in areas influenced by biomass burning and underscores the importance of nitrate in the aqueous-phase processing of aromatic carbonyls.
Quantification of CH4 emissions from waste disposal sites near the city of Madrid using ground- and space-based observations of COCCON, TROPOMI and IASI
Authors: Tu Qiansi , Hase Frank , Schneider Matthias , García Omaira , Blumenstock Thomas , Borsdorff Tobias , Frey Matthias , Khosrawi Farahnaz , Lorente Alba , Alberti Carlos , Bustos Juan J. , Butz André , Carreño Virgilio , Cuevas Emilio , Curcoll Roger , Diekmann Christopher J. , Dubravica Darko , Ertl Benjamin , Estruch Carme , León-Luis Sergio Fabián , Marrero Carlos , Morgui Josep-Anton , Ramos Ramón , Scharun Christian , Schneider Carsten , Sepúlveda Eliezer , Toledano Carlos , Torres Carlos
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The objective of this study is to derive methane
(CH4) emissions from three landfills, which are found to be the most
significant CH4 sources in the metropolitan area of Madrid in Spain. We
derive CH4 emissions from the CH4 enhancements observed by
spaceborne and ground-based instruments. We apply satellite-based
measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and the
Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) together with
measurements from the ground-based COllaborative Carbon Column Observing
Network (COCCON) instruments. In 2018, a 2-week field campaign for measuring the atmospheric
concentrations of greenhouse gases was performed in Madrid in the framework
of Monitoring of the Greenhouse Gases Concentrations in Madrid (MEGEI-MAD) project.
Five COCCON instruments were deployed at different locations around the
Madrid city center, enabling the observation of total column-averaged
CH4 mixing ratios (XCH4). Considering the prevalent wind regimes,
we calculate the wind-assigned XCH4 anomalies for two opposite wind
directions. Pronounced bipolar plumes are found when applying the method to
NO2, which implies that our method of wind-assigned anomaly is suitable
to estimate enhancements of trace gases at the urban level from satellite-based
measurements. For quantifying the CH4 emissions, the wind-assigned
plume method is applied to the TROPOMI XCH4 and to the lower
tropospheric CH4 / dry-air column ratio (TXCH4) of the combined
TROPOMI+IASI product. As CH4 emission strength we estimate 7.4 × 1025 ± 6.4 × 1024 molec. s−1 from the TROPOMI XCH4 data and
7.1 × 1025 ± 1.0 × 1025 molec. s−1 from
the TROPOMI+IASI merged TXCH4 data. We use COCCON observations to
estimate the local source strength as an independent method. COCCON
observations indicate a weaker CH4 emission strength of 3.7 × 1025 molec. s−1 from a local source (the Valdemingómez waste
plant) based on observations from a single day. This strength is lower than
the one derived from the satellite observations, and it is a plausible
result. This is because the analysis of the satellite data refers to a
larger area, covering further emission sources in the study region, whereas
the signal observed by COCCON is generated by a nearby local source. All
emission rates estimated from the different observations are significantly
larger than the emission rates provided via the official Spanish Register of
Emissions and Pollutant Sources.
Demistify: a large-eddy simulation (LES) and single-column model (SCM) intercomparison of radiation fog
Authors: Boutle Ian , Angevine Wayne , Bao Jian-Wen , Bergot Thierry , Bhattacharya Ritthik , Bott Andreas , Ducongé Leo , Forbes Richard , Goecke Tobias , Grell Evelyn , Hill Adrian , Igel Adele L. , Kudzotsa Innocent , Lac Christine , Maronga Bjorn , Romakkaniemi Sami , Schmidli Juerg , Schwenkel Johannes , Steeneveld Gert-Jan , Vié Benoît
Published: January 2022

Abstract. An intercomparison between 10 single-column (SCM) and 5 large-eddy
simulation (LES) models is presented for a radiation fog case study
inspired by the Local and
Non-local Fog Experiment (LANFEX) field campaign. Seven of the SCMs represent
single-column equivalents of operational numerical weather
prediction (NWP) models, whilst three are research-grade SCMs designed
for fog simulation, and the LESs are designed to reproduce in the
best manner currently possible the underlying physical processes
governing fog formation. The LES model results are of variable
quality and do not provide a consistent baseline against which to
compare the NWP models, particularly under high aerosol or cloud
droplet number concentration (CDNC) conditions. The main SCM bias
appears to be toward the overdevelopment of fog, i.e. fog which is too
thick, although the inter-model variability is large. In reality
there is a subtle balance between water lost to the surface and
water condensed into fog, and the ability of a model to accurately
simulate this process strongly determines the quality of its
forecast. Some NWP SCMs do not represent fundamental components of
this process (e.g. cloud droplet sedimentation) and therefore are
naturally hampered in their ability to deliver accurate
simulations. Finally, we show that modelled fog development is as
sensitive to the shape of the cloud droplet size distribution, a
rarely studied or modified part of the microphysical
parameterisation, as it is to the underlying aerosol or CDNC.
Environmental effects on aerosol–cloud interaction in non-precipitating marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds over the eastern North Atlantic
Authors: Zheng Xiaojian , Xi Baike , Dong Xiquan , Wu Peng , Logan Timothy , Wang Yuan
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Over the eastern North Atlantic (ENA) ocean, a total of 20 non-precipitating single-layer marine boundary layer (MBL) stratus and stratocumulus
cloud cases are selected to investigate the impacts of the environmental variables on the aerosol–cloud interaction (ACIr) using the
ground-based measurements from the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) facility at the ENA site during 2016–2018. The
ACIr represents the relative change in cloud droplet effective radius re with respect to the relative change in cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration at 0.2 % supersaturation (NCCN,0.2 %) in the stratified water vapor
environment. The ACIr values vary from −0.01 to 0.22 with increasing sub-cloud boundary layer precipitable water vapor (PWVBL)
conditions, indicating that re is more sensitive to the CCN loading under sufficient water vapor supply, owing to the combined effect
of enhanced condensational growth and coalescence processes associated with higher Nc and PWVBL. The principal component
analysis shows that the most pronounced pattern during the selected cases is the co-variations in the MBL conditions characterized by the vertical
component of turbulence kinetic energy (TKEw), the decoupling index (Di), and PWVBL. The environmental effects on
ACIr emerge after the data are stratified into different TKEw regimes. The ACIr values, under both lower
and higher PWVBL conditions, more than double from the low-TKEw to high-TKEw regime. This can be explained by
the fact that stronger boundary layer turbulence maintains a well-mixed MBL, strengthening the connection between cloud microphysical properties and
the below-cloud CCN and moisture sources. With sufficient water vapor and low CCN loading, the active coalescence process broadens the cloud droplet
size spectra and consequently results in an enlargement of re. The enhanced activation of CCN and the cloud droplet condensational
growth induced by the higher below-cloud CCN loading can effectively decrease re, which jointly presents as the increased
ACIr. This study examines the importance of environmental effects on the ACIr assessments and provides observational constraints
to future model evaluations of aerosol–cloud interactions.
EUREC4A's Maria S. Merian ship-based cloud and micro rain radar observations of clouds and precipitation
Authors: Acquistapace Claudia , Coulter Richard , Crewell Susanne , Garcia-Benadi Albert , Gierens Rosa , Labbri Giacomo , Myagkov Alexander , Risse Nils , Schween Jan H.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. As part of the EUREC4A field campaign, the research vessel Maria S. Merian probed an oceanic region between 6 to 13.8∘ N and 51 to 60∘ W for approximately 32 d. Trade wind cumulus clouds were sampled in the trade wind alley region east of Barbados as well as in the transition region between the trades and the intertropical convergence zone, where the ship crossed some mesoscale oceanic eddies. We collected continuous observations of cloud and precipitation profiles at unprecedented vertical resolution (7–10 m in the first 3000 m) and high temporal resolution (1–3 s) using a W-band radar and micro rain radar (MRR), installed on an active stabilization platform to reduce the impact of ship motions on the observations. The paper describes the ship motion correction algorithm applied to the Doppler observations to extract corrected hydrometeor vertical velocities and the algorithm created to filter interference patterns in the MRR observations. Radar reflectivity, mean Doppler velocity, spectral width and skewness for W-band and reflectivity, mean Doppler velocity, and rain rate for MRR are shown for a case study to demonstrate the potential of the high resolution adopted. As non-standard analysis, we also retrieved and provided liquid water path (LWP) from the 89 GHz passive channel available on the W-band radar system. All datasets and hourly and daily quicklooks are publically available, and DOIs can be found in the data availability section of this publication. Data can be accessed and basic variables can be plotted online via the intake catalog of the online book “How to EUREC4A”.
Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth during the Holocene (past 11,500 years) from a bipolar ice core array
Authors: Sigl Michael , Toohey Matthew , McConnell Joseph R. , Cole-Dai Jihong , Severi Mirko
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The injection of sulfur into the stratosphere by volcanic eruptions is the dominant driver of natural climate variability on interannual-to-multidecadal timescales. Based on a set of continuous sulfate and sulfur records from a suite of ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica, the HolVol v.1.0 database includes estimates of the magnitudes and approximate source latitudes of major volcanic stratospheric sulfur injection (VSSI) events for the Holocene (from 9500 BCE or 11500 year BP to 1900 CE), constituting an extension of the previous record by 7000 years. The database incorporates new-generation ice-core aerosol records with sub-annual temporal resolution and demonstrated sub-decadal dating accuracy and precision. By tightly aligning and stacking the ice-core records on the WD2014 chronology from Antarctica we resolve long-standing previous inconsistencies in the dating of ancient volcanic eruptions that arise from biased (i.e. dated too old) ice-core chronologies over the Holocene for Greenland. We reconstruct a total of 850 volcanic eruptions with injections in excess of 1 TgS, of which 329 (39 %) are located in the low latitudes with bipolar sulfate deposition, 426 (50 %) are located in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropics and 88 (10 %) are located in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropics. The spatial distribution of reconstructed eruption locations is in agreement with prior reconstructions for the past 2,500 years, and follows the global distribution of landmasses. In total, these eruptions injected 7410 TgS in the stratosphere, for which tropical eruptions accounted for 70 % and NH extratropics for 25 %. A long-term latitudinally and monthly resolved stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) time series is reconstructed from the HolVol VSSI estimates, representing the first Holocene-scale reconstruction constrained by Greenland and Antarctica ice cores. These new long-term reconstructions of past VSSI and SAOD variability confirm evidence from regional volcanic eruption chronologies (e.g., from Iceland) in showing that the early Holocene (9500–7000 BCE) experienced a higher number of volcanic eruptions (+16 %) and cumulative VSSI (+86 %) compared to the past 2,500 years. This increase coincides with the rapid retreat of ice sheets during deglaciation, providing context for potential future increases of volcanic activity in regions under projected glacier melting in the 21st century. The reconstructed VSSI and SAOD data are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.928646 (Sigl et al., 2021).
Importance of radiative transfer processes in urban climate models: a study based on the PALM 6.0 model system
Authors: Salim Mohamed H. , Schubert Sebastian , Resler Jaroslav , Krč Pavel , Maronga Björn , Kanani-Sühring Farah , Sühring Matthias , Schneider Christoph
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Including radiative transfer processes within the urban canopy layer into microscale urban climate models (UCMs) is essential to obtain realistic model results. These processes include the interaction of buildings and vegetation with shortwave and longwave radiation, thermal emission, and radiation reflections. They contribute differently to the radiation budget of urban surfaces. Each process requires different computational resources and physical data for the urban elements. This study investigates how much detail modellers should include to parameterize radiative transfer in microscale building-resolving UCMs. To that end, we introduce a stepwise parameterization method to the Parallelized Large-eddy Simulation Model (PALM) system 6.0 to quantify individually the effects of the main radiative transfer processes on the radiation budget and on the flow field. We quantify numerical simulations of both simple and realistic urban configurations to identify the major and the minor effects of radiative transfer processes on the radiation budget. The study shows that processes such as surface and vegetation interaction with shortwave and longwave radiation will have major effects, while a process such as multiple reflections will have minor effects. The study also shows that radiative transfer processes within the canopy layer implicitly affect the incoming radiation since the radiative transfer model is coupled to the radiation model. The flow field changes considerably in response to the radiative transfer processes included in the model. The study identified those processes which are essentially needed to assure acceptable quality of the flow field. These processes are receiving radiation from atmosphere based on the sky-view factors, interaction of urban vegetation with radiation, radiative transfer among urban surfaces, and considering at least single reflection of radiation. Omitting any of these processes may lead to high uncertainties in the model results.