bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prosaic Witchcraft and Semiotic Totalitarianism: Muscovite Magic Reconsidered
Authors: Kivelson Valerie , Shaheen Jonathan
Published: January 2016

Studies of witchcraft belief and persecution in Russia have been profoundly, and to a significant degree mistakenly, shaped by European understandings of witchcraft as fundamentally demonic and integrally linked to the power of the devil. Gary Morson and Caryl Emerson's concepts of “prosaics” and “semiotic totalitarianism,” derived from their readings of M. M. Bakhtin, offer a productive way to set imported preconceptions aside and to comprehend the specificities of Muscovite witchcraft beliefs. Pre-Petrine ideas about witchcraft conformed to no uniform, overarching ideological or explanatory schema, satanic or otherwise. Muscovite witchcraft operated instead as a diffuse, resolutely prosaic collection of beliefs and practices, whereas the more demonologically inflected European beliefs approached the imposed uniformity of “semiotic totalitarianism.” In this article, Valerie Kivelson and Jonathan Shaheen propose a corrective to a widespread propensity for reading Russian material through European paradigms and analyze Russian beliefs on their own, prosaic terms.
A Parasite from Outer Space: How Sergei Kurekhin Proved That Lenin Was a Mushroom
Authors: Yurchak Alexei
Published: January 2016

In 1991, Leningrad television broadcast a program that has since become infamous. The program's guest, Sergei Kurekhin, claiming to be a political figure and scientist, conducted an elaborate hoax that he presented as a serious historical exploration into the origins of the Bolshevik revolution. Using visual, textual, and scientific evidence, Kurekhin argued that the revolution was led by people who had been consuming hallucinogenic mushrooms. As a result, their personalities were being replaced by mushroom personalities, and their leader, Vladimir Lenin, was simply a mushroom. This fact, according to Kurekhin, shed new light on many enigmas of Soviet history. Millions of viewers were at a loss: were they witnessing a serious program, a daring prank, a case of unprecedented lunacy? In this article, Alexei Yurchak analyzes that remarkable comedic performance, its social and political effects then and now, and what it may contribute to our understanding of the relationship between politics and irony.
“There Is Nothing Funny about It”: Laughing Law at Stalin's Party Plenum
Authors: Skradol Natalia
Published: January 2016

In this article, Natalia Skradol analyzes the laughing interventions of the participants at the Russian Communist Party plenum in 1937 at which Nikolai Bukharin was charged with conspiring against the leaders of the state. The era of high Stalinism was a state of exception, where the production and administration of law was based on unacknowledged ad hoc considerations that took shape only in the direct verbal interactions between participants. Thus the laughter at the plenum was completely consistent with laughter's function as a consolidating force among those representing the Stalinist system of legality. Elements of comedy made it possible for mechanisms of oppression to be exercised unhindered, without being framed, or limited, by any mediating factors.
Bureaucracy of Dreams: Surrealist Socialism and Surrealist Awakening in Ismail Kadare's The Palace of Dreams
Authors: Kokobobo Ani
Published: January 2016

Ani Kokobobo addresses the novel The Palace of Dreams (1981) by the Albanian writer Ismail Kadare, with a particular focus on the larger significance of the novel's dream project. Through fictional processes of dream collection, selection, and interpretation, Kadare meditates on two twentieth-century movements that either overtly or covertly incorporated dreams in their ideological platforms: surrealism and socialism. Kokobobo posits that as a political and aesthetic category the dream serves Kadare as the ideal epistemological vessel for investigating the interrelatedness of socialism and surrealism. Throughout the novel, Kadare emphasizes socialism's Utopian inclinations, the dislocation of political decisions from political realities in this system, and the mutual disturbance of both reality and the imagination that such a dislocation produces. At the same time, the dream narrative helps him launch a surrealist poetics and metapoetically counter the damage dealt to the imagination by political realities.
The Operatics of Everyday Life, or, How Authenticity Was Defined in Late Imperial Russia
Authors: Fishzon Anna
Published: January 2016

In this article, Anna Fishzon explores how the phenomena of celebrity culture and early sound recording contributed to notions of audientic selfhood in late imperial Russia. Public discussions about celebrities like the Bol'shoi Theater bass Fedor Shaliapin helped forge understandings of sincerity and spoke to contemporary concerns regarding the relationship between fame and artifice, the public persona and the inner self. Fishzon suggests that the emergent recording industry penetrated and altered everyday emotional experience, the arena of work, and the organization of leisure, linking gramophonic discourses to celebrity culture and its rhetoric of authenticity and sincerity. In part because Russian audio magazines and gramophone manufacturers heavily promoted celebrity opera recordings, sonic fidelity was equated with the capacity of the recorded voice to convey “sincerity,” understood, in turn, as the announcement of ardent feelings. Fan letters to Shaliapin and Ivan Ershov document these new sensibilities regarding self, authenticity, desire, and emotions.
Europe and Its Fragments: Europeanization, Nationalism, and the Geopolitics of Provinciality in Lithuania
Authors: Klumbytė Neringa
Published: January 2016

With a focus on Gintaras Beresnevičius's bookThe Making of an Empire(2003) and the marketing and consumption of "Soviet" sausages, this article explores the rise of national ideologies that promote an "eastern" and "Soviet" identity in Lithuania. Both during the nationalist movement against the Soviet Union and later in the 1990s and 2000s, the west and Europe were seen as sites of prestige, power, and goodness. Recently the reinvented "east" and "Soviet" have become important competing symbols of national history and community. In this article Neringa Klumbytė argues that nationalism has become embedded in the power politics of Europeanization. National ideologies are shaped by differing ideas about ways of being modern and European rather than by simple resistance to European Union expansion. The resulting geopolitics of provinciality, a nationalist politics of space, thus becomes an integral part of the story of European modernity and domination within a global history.
Unpacking Viazemskii'sKhalat: The Technologies of Dilettantism in Early Nineteenth-Century Russian Literary Culture
Authors: Bowers Katherine
Published: January 2016

This article explores the image of thekhalat, or dressing gown, in and around Petr Viazemskii's 1817 poem “Proshchanie s khalatom” (Farewell to My Dressing Gown). As the poem circulated during the period between its creation and printing, its central image—the khalat—became enshrined as a symbol for early nineteenth-century literary culture around and within the Arzamas circle, emphasizing a creative inner life and an informal approach to writing. The poem mediates between friendship, honor, authenticity, and authorship and the formalities, duties, and expectations of society life. The khalat image appears in later poems, correspondence, and occasional writings by Anton Del'vig, Aleksandr Pushkin, and Vasilii Zhukovskii, among others. Tracing the image through its intertextual influences, extratextual impact, and memetic evolution, I examine the way it contributed to the development of an intellectual network through information transfer during the early nineteenth century and beyond.
Central banks
Authors: Buiter Willem H.
Published: January 2016

The economic and political importance of central banks has grown markedly in advanced economies since the start of the Great Financial Crisis in 2007. In this article it is argued that the preservation of the central bank’s legitimacy and independence requires that a clear line be drawn between the central bank’s provision of liquidity and the Treasury’s solvency support for systemically important financial institutions. Central banks should not be materially involved in regulation and supervision of the financial sector. All activities of the central bank that expose it to material credit risk should be guaranteed by the Treasury. In addition, central banks must increase their accountability by increasing the transparency of their lender-of-last-resort and market-maker-of-last resort activities. Central banks ought not to engage in quasi-fiscal activities. Finally, central banks should stick to their knitting and central bankers should not become participants in public debates and deeply political arguments about matters beyond their mandate and competence, including fiscal policy and structural reform.
A Vigorous Affirmation of Life: Slaves in the Face of Dehumanization
Authors: Nista Danielle
Published: January 2016

For a slave living under the system of chattel slavery in the American South during the nineteenth century, avenues of self-expression were extremely limited. One of the few ways slaves could exert control over their own lives was through singing and dancing. These arts gave slaves a chance to relieve stress and establish a culture through the creation of musical instruments, songs, and dances. All of these contained hints at the true nature of slaves’ feelings towards the system that oppressed them, feelings that they had to frequently repress. However, despite slaves’ efforts to make this culture entirely their own, masters tried to find ways to use it to their advantage instead of to the slaves’ benefit. The resulting covert power struggle sometimes ended in favor of the masters, taking the form of regulations on slaves’ dances, requirement of the performance of songs and dances for the masters’ entertainment, and even abuse of slaves by using their own arts. Ultimately, however, slaves emerged victorious because of the hidden messages in their songs and dances. Though this method of coping could not erase all the masters did, it was at least one glimmer of hope.
Uber Takes the Passing Lane: Disruptive Competition and Taxi-Livery Service Regulations
Authors: Schneider Allison
Published: January 2016

It is rare that municipalities have the opportunity to remake a significant portion of key infrastructure, and to do so without significant cost burden on the citizens. The advent of Uber and similar entities that have moved the ride-sharing concept into the 21st century provide that unique chance in the public transportation arena. However, cities such as Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago are responding to Uber as a threat to established taxi-livery services and their accompanying regulatory structures rather than an opportunity for modernization. in order to capitalize on this transformative moment, cities and governments must rethink and address decades-old rules, regulations, and entrenched interests. The benefits to and acceptance by the public that surround the ride-sharing movement are unprecedented. Whether today's politicians and regulators have the courage and foresight to embrace this fundamental change will determine the long-term success and the meaningful evolution of our national transportation newtork.
A Grammar of Punctuation in Poetry: Modern Computational Linguistic Perspectives
Authors: Calhoun Doyle
Published: January 2016

The field of linguistics focuses on the spoken incarnation of language and considers written phenomena as an imperfect approximation of the former. The author argues that present understanding of punctuation as a subsystem of human language is inadequate, and that even when studies examine punctuation from a linguistic standpoint, they emphasize modern written language and American English in particular. It is, however, quite possible to describe the behavior of punctuations with the same methodology that was until recently reserved for spoken language. Just as language develops over time and changes from place to place, so too does punctuation. This paper argues for the compatibility between recent developments in computational linguistics' approaches to punctuation and textual criticsm that attends to punctuation in poetry. A full understanding of its conventions is crticial for a proper interpretation of meaning. Furthermore, the author shows that the relevance of these studies to literary analysis remains unexplored. Nevertheless, with the developing techniques made possible through computational linguistics, the potential for in-depth study is expanding.
Don Quixote and the Liar's Paradox
Authors: Cersonsky Emily
Published: January 2016

"I am lying." It might be said that this statement is, implicitly, the single real truth of the fiction-forming author, and its complications are both the emblem and bane of all novels. In his epic Don Quixote, Miguel de Cervantes exploits the problem of making lies real by intricately waving together such disparate elements as autobiography and high fantasy within the unreliably unreliable voices of several subjective storytellers. And his conclusion, it seems, is Don Quixote himself, a man who combats the protean strangeness of the world by replacing it with a deliberate reality of his own. At the cusp of the European Renaissance, Cervantes' Don Quixote makes the choice which will become a necessity for post-Cartesian thinkers, namely, a personal determination, an authorship of "the real" in a world where inconsistencies and subjectivities constantly threaten to chain the truth-seeking man, like Prometheus, to the confusion of the liar's paradox.
Songs of Praise and Invocation: The Orisha Sacred Songs of Trinidad
Authors: Paul Richard
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this project is to study and translate recorded Yoruba chants and praise songs of Trinidad over the past 65 years. Because of the horrific conditions of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, almost all Orisha devotees have lost the meaning of the chants, and consequently, the emphasis is on the rituals. I seek to determine to what degree the chants sung in Trinidad have remained the same or changed and to what degree they have all departed from continental Yoruba. Acquiring the translations allows devotees to attain a philosophical understanding of the religion, and in doing so, this study aims at reconstructing and uplifting the Orisha religion of Trinidad.
Federal Success in Nigeria: State-Building and Ethnic Conflict Managment
Authors: Thibodeau Sophie
Published: January 2016

Observers note that instances of ethnic conflict serve as an obvious manifestation of tension between the idea of the nation and the structure of the modern state. The current global rash of allegedly unique ethnic disputes merits a serious assessment of its place within the decline of the nation-state. Along with the notion that the nation-state is in decline, scholars have asserted the presence of another global trend in the use of federalist approaches to nation-building and conflict management. After exploring the possibilities of a relationship beween ethnic conflict and possible solutions in federal theory, this essay grounds these conjectures in an analysis of the Nigerian state. While issues have certainly complicated the path to the success of the federal state in Nigeria, the state should be viewed as generally successful in achieving its end of survival amidst threatening conflict.
Husserl's Logical Investigations: The Phenomenological Revolution
Authors: Yiannopoulos Alex
Published: January 2016

The view that language is a vehicle for the communication of (immaterial) "concepts," in opposition with the (physical) "words" that carry them, is the foundation of Western philosophy of language, and perhaps the foundation of Western philosophy in general. As Edmund Husserl and Jacques Derrida confront this relationship between ideality and reality in language, the old order promulgating this binary comes into question. The following essay explores this challenge to the traditional account of language as well as its wider implications for ontology and subjectivity.
Abusive Tax Shelters: An Ethical, Historical, and Legal Analysis
Authors: Speece Evan
Published: January 2016

In recent years, the line between tax advisory and illegal tax shelter services has become increasingly blurred. The ethical dilemmas that tax shelters present challenge professionals to maintain their integrity and objectivity. This essay explores tax shelter services from historical, legal, and ethical viewpoints. It also examines litigation, both recent and long-standing, that has blazed the path for the tax shelter advisory that is currently provided by business professionals. The discussion in this paper is especially apropos given the state of international tax shelter controversies that have emerged in the past year.
Root Root Root for the ??? Team: Franchise Free Agency and the Business of the NFL
Authors: Donohue Bryce
Published: January 2016

Sports have long been deeply intertwined with society but in the past sixty years they have become a major economic industry. While professional sports franchises benefit their owners financially, they are also central to the culture of the city they represent. The dichotomy between sports as an integral part of society and sports as a business has been made apparent through the legal cases surrounding the moves of franchises in the National Football League. This paper analyzes the precedent set by the cases regarding the moves of the Oakland Raiders, Baltimore Colts, and Cleveland Browns. In all three, the courts have favored the sport franchise as a business rather than as a representation of local citizens. These franchise relocations have established a system known as "franchise free agency" in which the sport franchise is legally no different from any other corporation. Over the past thirty years, courts have determined that ownership of a team belongs solely to its legal owner and not to the team's fans or home city.
Canned Peaches and Chicken Parts: Postmodern Food in Don DeLillo's White Noise
Authors: Wong Nicole
Published: January 2016

Descriptions and interactions with food serve as signifiers of cultural values in the postmodern society of Don DeLillo's novel, White Noise. Amid a constant stream of name brand advertisements and flashy television commercials, characters struggle to find substantive meaning in their lives. DeLillo presents a consumer culture swamped in excess, belongings, and commodities, where food items characterize their buyers and even commodify their outlooks on life. From family bargain packs of potato chips indicating success and well-being, to plastic-wrapped slices of cheese facilitating an efficient yet isolated life, this essay discusses DeLillo's different uses of food imagery throughout the novel. DeLillo's portrayal of a postmodern consumer society is put into dialogue with acclaimed experts and critics Jean Baudrillard and Thorstein Veblen, as well as artistic work that comments on the role of 'pop foods' in contemporary American culture, incluidng works by pop artists Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein and poet Allen Ginsberg.
Mit Brennender Sorge: An Exegesis on the Encyclical to the Third Reich
Authors: Valdez Alexandra
Published: January 2016

Throughout the 1930s, the ascendance of the Nazi regime not only diminished the authority of the Roman Catholic Church in Germany, but alos directly countered fundamental Catholic doctrines. In face of the mounting atrocities of the German government, Pope Pius XI, with the help of Eugenio Pacelli, nuncio to Germany, and German Bishop Michael Faulhaber, in an unprecedented outreach to the entire German faithful, issued the encyclical Mit Brennender Sorge. Appealing particularly to the youth and the laity, the encyclical challenged Germans to use conscience as a final resort in assessing the validity of a religious institution or political movement. In its address to the German people, Mit Brennender Sorge reflected the delicacy of the relationship between the Holy See and the Nazi regime by not referencing any person, party, or organization specifically. Nevertheless, the purpose and the timeliness of the encyclical was lost on few, partially dispelling the widespread belief that the Catholic Church turned a blind eye to the Third Reich.
Frege and Wittgenstein: The Limits of the Analytic Style
Authors: Sheridan Christopher
Published: January 2016

The analytic tradition in philosophy stems from the work of German mathematician and logician Gottlob Frege. Bertrand Russell brough Frege's program to render language-particularly scientific language-in formal logical terms to the forefront of philosophy in the early twentieth century. The quest to clarify language and parse out genuine philosophical problems remains a cornerstone of analytic philosophy, but investigative programs involving the broad application of formal symbolic logic to language have largely been abandoned due to the influence of Ludwig Wittgenstein's later work. This article identifies the key philosophical moves that must be performed successfully in order for Frege's "conceptual notation" and other similar systems to adequately capture syntax and semantics. These moves ultimately fail as a result of the nature of linguistic meaning. The shift away from formal logical analysis of language and the emergence of the current analytic style becomes clearer when this failure is examined critically.
Illuminating a Culture, a History, a Tradition: Conceptual Blending in the St. John's Bible
Authors: Eighan Erin E.
Published: January 2016

In 1998, St. John's Abbey in Collegeville, Minnesota commissioned Donald Jackson to produce one of the first hand-written, hand-illuminated Bibles since the invention of the printing press in the fifteenth century. The on-going project bridges disparate traditions in a unique blend of the medieval and postmodern eras. This article adopts cognitive literary theory to examine the St. John's Bible, specifically the frontispiece to the Gospel of John, and the text-image interaction contained within as products of conceptual blending. A cognitive historical approach to the St. John's Bible reveals the complicated relationship of the modern-day audience to the illuminated text. Tensions are inevitable within any cognitive blend; the same applies to the reader-viewer's experience of text-image integration here. The key to cognitive blending is the emergent experience of the target element. In this case, the postmodern Bible as target blends with its medieval predecessors to produce the St. John's Bible-an intersubjective, multimodal, cross-generational artifact of a cognitive blend.
Hormone-Mimicking Chemicals: What They Are, What They Do, and Where to Find Them
Authors: Williams Amber , Hake Dr. Laura
Published: January 2016

Rarely do we consider what the chemicals that go into our consumer products, that are sprayed onto our fruits, or that are released into the air actually do. For example, we assume that those difficult-to-read chemicals on our shampoo bottle labels are safe. However, few of the thousands of chemicals developed each year are thoroughly tested. Forgoing the precautionary principle, we are exposed to many chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCS) can mimic, block, or re-route the hormonal signaling of our bodies. This article addresses what EDCS are, how they act, and how they cause harmful effects, such as reproductive abnormalities, cancers, and behavioral changes. Finally, steps that we as consumers can take to avoid or negate those effects are enumerated.
Creación de la Escala sobre Habilidades de Comunicación en Profesionales de la Salud, EHC-PS.
Authors: Leal César , Tirado Sonia , Rodríguez-Marín Jesús , Van-der Hofstadt Carlos J.
Published: January 2016

This work presents the process of creating the scale on communication skills scale in health professionals, CSS-HP. This aspect is not shown in the process of developing tools despite being considered a fundamental part. For this, it shows the entire process of creating the scale, from the operational definition of the construct to measure, backed by a group of experts, as the process of creating the items following the specification tables of the scale and items. It also includes qualitative evaluation phase of the items created by the group of experts and preliminary trials of the scale, fundamental aspects for obtaining content and consensus validity evidence on the future tool. The results show that experts appreciated positively the construct definition made and items created from that definition, which were modified and eliminated according to these results.
Aplicación de modelos de regresión logística en metodología observacional: modalidades de competición en la iniciación al fútbol.
Authors: Lapresa Daniel , Arana Javier , Anguera M.Teresa , Pérez-Castellanos J.Ignacio , Amatria Mario
Published: January 2016

This study shows how simple and multiple logistic regression can be used in observational methodology and more specifically, in the fields of physical activity and sport. We demonstrate this in a study designed to determine whether three-a-side futsal or five-a-side futsal is more suited to the needs and potential of children aged 6-to-8 years. We constructed a multiple logistic regression model to analyze use of space (depth of play) and three simple logistic regression models to determine which game format is more likely to potentiate effective technical and tactical performance.
Apego y bienestar en mujeres en proceso de tratamiento del cáncer de mama.
Authors: Alonso Yolanda , Ezama Esteban , Fontanil Yolanda
Published: January 2016

This study investigates the contribution of the attachment to the wellbeing of patients during breast cancer treatment with the aim to provide evidence on how to enhance coping with cancer and its related difficulties. The sample consisted of 58 women who were about to begin radiotherapy for breast cancer. They completed questionnaires about: symptoms and dysfunctions related to disease and treatment, positive and negative affect, emotional wellbeing, daily hassles, and adult attachment. A regression analysis revealed that the component Fear of rejection and abandonment of attachment, the presence of daily hassles ―mainly economic―, and physical symptoms predict the degree of wellbeing. The other two components of attachment (Desire for closeness and Preference for independence) show no significant relationships, and contrary to expectations, the loss of functional capacity does not predict a decrease in wellbeing. We discuss the differential weight of medical and psychosocial variables on health-related quality of life. Results emphasize the importance of interventions aimed at improving emotional state through improved relationships during cancer treatments.
Underlying processes behind false perspective production
Authors: Manzanero Antonio L , López Beatriz , Aróztegui Javier
Published: January 2016

This study aimed to determine the extent to which content analysis can provide useful information when discriminating between actual versus false statements. Participants were instructed to either describe a traffic accident as eyewitness actual role or to describe the accident as a simulated victim. Data were analysed in terms of accuracy and quality, and were represented using high dimensional visualization (HDV). In Experiment 1 (between-participant design), participants made significantly more references to cognitive operations, more self-references and less changes in order when describing the event as simulated victim. In Experiment 2 (within-participants design) participants also made significantly more references to cognitive operations and more self references when describing the event from the simulated victim as well as being less accurate, providing less irrelevant information and more evaluative comments. HDV graphics indicated that false statements differ holistically from actual ones.
Cognitive mechanisms underlying Armoni: A computer-assisted cognitive training programme for individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Peñaloza-Salazar Claudia , Gutiérrez-Maldonado José , Ferrer-García Marta , Caqueo-Urízar Alejandra , Reverter-Guimeso Antonio , Macías-Cajal Yolanda , Amela-Huemes David , Perales-Josa Sandra
Published: January 2016

Although a number of cognitive deficits have been described in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), few studies have examined the use of computer-assisted cognitive training programmes in this group of people. This study sought to determine the cognitive mechanisms underlying 16 activities included in Armoni, a computerized cognitive training programme for individuals with ID, in order to validate its use with this population. Fifty adults with ID from four residential care centres in Spain underwent neuropsychological testing tapping attention, verbal memory, visual memory, comprehension, visuoperception, visuoconstruction, naming ability, verbal fluency, verbal reasoning and motor function. In addition, they performed 16 activities included in the Armoni programme. The relationships between cognitive function and the computer-based activities were assessed using Spearman correlations. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were then used to explore how cognitive function predicted the performance of individuals with ID on the programme activities. Most programme activities correlated with visuoconstruction, comprehension and naming ability. Naming ability, visual memory, comprehension and visuoconstruction contributed the most to the predictive models regarding performance on the Armoni activities. Our findings support the validity of Armoni for cognitive training in individuals with ID.
Math anxiety and its relationship to inhibitory abilities and perceived emotional intelligence
Authors: Justicia-Galiano María-José , Pelegrina Santiago , Lechuga María-Teresa , Gutiérrez-Palma Nicolás , Martín-Puga Eva-María , Lendínez Cristina
Published: January 2016

Math anxiety has been found to be an emotional problem that has a negative effect on students´ academic performance across different levels of education. This type of anxiety could be related to certain cognitive and emotional processes. A first objetive was to examine the relationship between math anxiety and certain inhibitory abilities responsible of eliminating intrusive thoughts or preventing them access to consciousness. A second aim was to determine the extent in which math anxiety and students´self-perceptions of their own emotional abilities are related. To this end, 187 first-year undergraduate psychology students were administered different measures to assess math anxiety, statistics anxiety, inhibitory abilities, and perceived emotional intelligence. The results showed that students with high math anxiety were more likely to experience intrusive thoughts, were less effective at suppressing these thoughts, and reported lower scores in understanding and regulating their emotions. These cognitive mechanisms and emotional abilities are of relevance to better understand the nature of this type of anxiety.
MeL: Modelo de adaptación dinámica del proceso de aprendizaje en eLearning
Authors: Sanchez-Santillan Miguel , Paule-Ruiz MPuerto , Cerezo Rebeca , Alvarez-Garcia Víctor
Published: January 2016

The use of the Internet has been progressively integrated into our daily lives. This has also been true for all levels of education, where virtual learning environments have been the means by which teachers, students and educational institutions managed and distributed educational experiences. However, the present design of these systems make students have difficulties in deploying their meta-cognitive skills, in addition to producing a cognitive overload due to an inadequate content organization and navigation. Thus, it is necessary to provide learning platforms with a process that allows for the adaptation of these systems to students’ characteristics, needs and context in order to enhance the teaching-learning process. This paper describes an adaptive model for Learning Management Systems (LMSs) that using variables central to the learning process allows for the application of adaptive rules to the different types of contents and knowledge to be transferred and acquired. In practice, the resulting model allows to develop adaptive courses that support and promote learning and self-regulation in virtual learning environments
El deterioro cognitivo leve en personas mayores usuarias de centros municipales de la Región de Murcia (España).
Authors: Escarbajal De Haro Andrés , Martínez de Miguel López Silvia , Romero Sánchez José
Published: January 2016

This article of investigation tries to know the issue of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly users of municipal centres to measure the importance of psycho-educational dimension like preventive alternative. For this reason, we have used a qualitative methodology (semistructurated interview) after a selection of people applying quantitative scales (e.g. MMSE, EUROTEST and Lawton). We selected a sample of 148 people for the scales, out of which 30 people were considered suitable for the interviews. The results show that despite the fact that elderly people have a MCI , they are able to practice activities for improving their quality of life. Within this investigation, new lines of work based in the free time, lonely, self esteem and self are opened to elderly people with MCI.
Students' Satisfaction and Perception of Problem Based Learning Evaluated by Questionnaire
Authors: Kim Min Jeong
Published: January 2016

Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the student's satisfaction and perception in problem based learning of Kosin University College of Medicine, and to propose effective strategies for improvement of problem based learning. Methods Students satisfaction of problem based learning was assessed using the structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 33 items covered satisfaction of self-evaluation and small group activity, learning resources and environment, tutor and content and construction of modules. Result A total of 80 students were surveyed. Students recognized PBL as more effective and interesting learning method than traditional lectures. Most of students highly satisfied with self-directed learning of their own and small group, tutor, composition and contents of modules. Students had difficult process to build a logical clinical reasoning by combining clues in the PBL process. Students regard that they can easily connect knowledge in real-clinical situations with the greatest advantages of PBL. Students cited as the biggest disadvantage is that students may not receive a fair evaluation. Conclusion Through the results of this survey it showed that students are satisfied with the PBL classes and recognized as effective compared to traditional instructor-led classes. However, further efforts in improving evaluation system and learning environments was necessary for the success of the PBL curriculum.
Complication of Amebic Liver Abscess: Biliary Fistula
Authors: Chung Han Wook , Park Song Ee , Park Hyun Jeong , Kwon Jae-Cheol , Kim Hyung Joon
Published: January 2016

In amebic liver abscess, communication between liver abscess and intrahepatic bile ducts is an uncommon cause of bile leak. This condition can be treated surgically or endoscopically. However, these treatment modalities are related with high morbidity and mortality. A 49-year-old man was diagnosed with amebic liver abscess. Percutaneous drainage was performed due to poor medical response and for the purpose of preventing abscess rupture. Liver abscess-biliary communication was found at follow-up imaging study. He was treated successfully with medical therapy and supportive care without further interventions.
Briser la loi du silence sur le silence de la loi : de l’interprétation sémantique à l’application pragmatique du droit
Authors: Bernatchez Stéphane
Published: January 2016

En matière d’interprétation juridique, l’hypothèse du silence de la loi renvoie à l’indétermination sémantique du droit. C’est du moins ainsi que la jurisprudence et la doctrine ont principalement conceptualisé la thèse de l’indétermination, soit en affirmant la primauté du texte législatif sur la règle de droit, et ce, malgré la nécessité de distinguer le texte de la norme. Le présent article réaffirme le nécessaire dépassement de la formulation sémantique de l’indétermination du droit, laquelle doit plutôt être comprise de manière pragmatique. Le problème interprétatif est, dès lors, conçu en insistant sur l’usage du droit plutôt que sur le recours aux règles interprétatives. En cela, le problème de l’indétermination du droit et, corrélativement, celui du silence de la loi sont envisagés en fonction de l’application pragmatique du droit et au-delà de la réponse apportée par l’herméneutique juridique. L’approche pragmatique proposée ici consiste à déplacer l’organisation de la fonction de juger vers d’autres formes de régulation sociale au lieu de la maintenir dans l’opération mentale du juge.
Le droit et l’indicible : les juristes réduits au silence
Authors: d’Istria François Colonna
Published: January 2016

L’un des principaux arguments opposés aux juristes pour les convaincre de ce que leur activité dogmatique ne relève pas de la science est tiré de son défaut d’empiricité. La dogmatique ne serait pas scientifique, car lui manquerait un objet empirique. Dans la mesure où elle se caractérise par la théorisation de règles légales ou prétoriennes, elle ne porterait pas sur des faits et toute scientificité devrait, à ce titre, lui être refusée. En ce sens, les juristes seraient enfermés dans une sombre alternative : le silence ou le bavardage ; en toute hypothèse, rien de ce qu’ils pourraient dire ne saurait être pris scientifiquement au sérieux. C’est contre une telle analyse, dont le réalisme issu du positivisme logique est le plus radical représentant, que s’inscrit la présente contribution. Elle se propose d’ouvrir un chemin par lequel les règles travaillées par la doctrine seraient pensées comme des faits, comme une empirie, au même titre que les données issues des sens. Elle prône alors un élargissement du concept de fait, et ce en s’appuyant sur trois instruments conceptuels : la contrainte, la tradition et le signifiant saussurien. En se donnant les moyens épistémologiques de penser la dogmatique comme une science empirique, l’on serait en mesure d’allouer aux juristes une parole qui, tout en leur demeurant propre sans faire de concessions aux points de vue externes, réponde aux critères modernes de la scientificité.
Le silence de l’Administration en droit administratif français
Authors: Deguergue Maryse
Published: January 2016

Le silence de l’Administration en droit administratif français a fait l’objet d’une récente réforme qui renverse le principe du silence valant rejet de la demande. Alors que le silence est habituellement étudié globalement, il semble qu’il peut être analysé du point de vue de sa signification et du point de vue de son sens. La signification du silence est une fiction d’une décision administrative qui a été prise malgré l’inertie de l’Administration. Le sens du silence s’apparente à une présomption de rejet ou d’acceptation de la demande, selon les époques. Mais le jeu du principe et des exceptions est obscurci par la succession des textes, à tel point qu’ils se distinguent difficilement. Sous ces deux acceptions du silence, la réforme, présentée comme simplificatrice et favorable aux administrés, est empreinte de complexité et de contradictions.
Le silence des textes constitutionnels canadiens - expression d’une constitution encore inachevée
Authors: Guénette Dave
Published: January 2016

À travers le prisme de la thématique du silence, l’auteur propose d’étudier la nature incomplète et l’état de désuétude de la Constitution canadienne. La conception du silence élaborée dans sa démonstration dépasse le simple mutisme, le vide ou l’omission pour s’étendre au « malaise » et à l’« hypocrisie » constitutionnelle. C’est à l’aide de cette conception, et en se basant sur la théorie des constitutional abeyances, que l’auteur veut démontrer que la Constitution canadienne regorge de silences substantiels, témoignant ainsi de son inachèvement. L’origine et les conséquences de ces silences qui transcendent l’ordre constitutionnel canadien sont également un objet d’analyse. Plus généralement, l’auteur critique aussi le rôle que joue la formule d’amendement dans le maintien du silence constitutionnel au Canada.
Le silence du défendeur dans le procès international : paroles de droit judiciaire européen
Authors: Menétrey Séverine , Richard Vincent
Published: January 2016

Le silence du défendeur dans le procès international est une hypothèse fréquente qui soulève des difficultés théoriques et pratiques pendant le procès, mais aussi en amont et en aval. L’équilibre entre la protection des droits de la défense et le droit d’agir du demandeur de bonne foi est particulièrement délicat en droit international privé judiciaire. Le droit judiciaire européen, tel qu’il se dessine dans différents instruments (notamment le Règlement (CE) no 44/2001 du Conseil du 22 décembre 2000 concernant la compétence judiciaire, la reconnaissance et l’exécution des décisions en matière civile et commerciale mais aussi le Règlement (CE) no 805/2004 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 21 avril 2004 portant création d’un titre exécutoire européen pour les créances incontestées), apporte un éclairage intéressant. La protection du défendeur silencieux a été très tôt affirmée par la Cour de justice, mais se dessine progressivement un droit judiciaire au service du demandeur de bonne foi.
Le silence de l’administration française : ambitions et limites de la Loi du 12 novembre 2013
Authors: Monot-Fouletier Majolaine
Published: January 2016

Le silence de la puissance publique est une forme d’expression, un signifiant qui révèle une intention dans la mesure où le droit positif entend manifester et traduire le sens ce langage en creux. Traditionnellement, ce silence en droit français vaut refus. La loi du 12 novembre 2013, tout en réaffirmant la volonté du droit positif de donner sens au silence de la puissance publique, a décidé d’en changer le contenu et d’en faire une acceptation. Au-delà de l’aspect technique de cette réforme, il est essentiel d’en comprendre la portée quant aux droits des citoyens qu’elle entend protéger et d’appréhender son impact, discutable, sur la place de l’intérêt général dans l’organisation sociale. Le législateur en a pris conscience, en proclamant en réalité un principe paradoxalement résiduel au regard des exceptions multiples dont il fait et fera l’objet lorsque le texte sera totalement entré en vigueur, en novembre 2015.
L’indemnisation des victimes d’actes criminels et l’impossibilité psychologique d’agir : une réforme à deux vitesses
Authors: Valentini Mathilde
Published: January 2016

L’article qui suit explore le traitement réservé aux victimes d’actes criminels qui revendiquent leurs droits à l’extérieur des délais prescrits en invoquant que leur silence est dû à des motifs d’ordre psychologique. Dans un premier temps, l’auteure étudie l’essor de la notion d’impossibilité psychologique d’agir telle qu’elle a été développée par les tribunaux de droit commun comme motif de suspension de la prescription. Dans un deuxième temps, l’auteure examine la manière dont est appliqué l’article 11 de la Loi sur l’indemnisation des victimes d’actes criminels par le Tribunal administratif du Québec. Ce dernier a adopté une approche libérale et accepté plusieurs motifs d’ordre psychologique pour renverser la présomption de renonciation prévue dans cette disposition. Dans un troisième temps, enfin, l’auteure critique la récente réforme de 2013, qui a permis une augmentation significative des délais en matière civile, mais s’est contentée d’une prolongation symbolique du délai celui prévu par la Loi sur l’indemnisation des victimes d’actes criminels.
Prévention de l’anxiété en milieu scolaire : les interventions de pleine conscience
Authors: Gosselin Marie-Joëlle , Turgeon Lyse
Published: January 2016

Dans la prévention et le traitement de l’anxiété, les approches dites de troisième vague basées sur la pleine conscience sont de plus en plus d’actualité. L’objectif de cet article est de décrire les stratégies novatrices basées sur la pleine conscience dans le traitement et la prévention de l’anxiété chez les enfants et les adolescents, particulièrement en milieu scolaire. Les principales interventions basées sur la pleine conscience dans le traitement de l’anxiété auprès des adultes, de même que leur efficacité, sont d’abord présentées. Sont ensuite abordées la pertinence, la faisabilité et l’efficacité de ces interventions adaptées aux enfants et aux adolescents, en particulier pour la prévention de l’anxiété en milieu scolaire. Les évaluations des stratégies basées sur la pleine conscience confirment leur pertinence et leur efficacité dans le traitement et la prévention de l’anxiété chez les enfants et les adolescents. Cependant, les études d’efficacité menées en milieu scolaire sont encore peu nombreuses. La pleine conscience s’avère néanmoins intéressante, d’autant plus qu’elle stimule le développement des capacités d’attention et de concentration. De plus, elle suscite l’intérêt des jeunes et des différents acteurs en milieu scolaire. Pour terminer, un survol de quelques enjeux et avantages liés à l’implantation de ces stratégies en milieu scolaire est proposé.
Étude longitudinale du rôle du soutien conditionnel parental dans l’anxiété d’évaluation de l’élève
Authors: Bouffard Thérèse , Marquis-Trudeau Audrey , Vezeau Carole
Published: January 2016

L’anxiété d’évaluation est en contexte scolaire une émotion perturbante en ce qu’elle détourne l’attention de l’élève de la tâche au profit de ruminations sur soi. Le but de cette étude est d’examiner le rôle de la perception par les élèves d’un soutien conditionnel de leurs parents dans le développement de l’anxiété d’évaluation. L’hypothèse à tester est que la perception de compétence faible et le perfectionnisme négatif que le soutien conditionnel parental contribue à générer agissent comme des médiateurs de la relation entre un tel soutien et l’anxiété d’évaluation. Le soutien conditionnel parental a été mesuré chez 434 élèves québécois francophones (211 garçons) une première fois lorsqu’ils étaient en 5e année du primaire, puis de nouveau les deux années suivantes. La perception de compétence et le perfectionnisme négatif ont été mesurés à la quatrième année de l’étude et l’anxiété d’évaluation l’a été à la cinquième année. L’hypothèse est partiellement confirmée, mais différemment chez les garçons et chez les filles. Chez les premiers, la perception de compétence est le seul médiateur significatif, alors que chez les secondes c’est le perfectionnisme négatif qui l’est. La discussion se concentre sur les différences de genre et sur l’importance d’un soutien parental inconditionnel dans le développement des jeunes.