bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consequentializing agent‐centered restrictions: A Kantsequentialist approach
Authors: Portmore Douglas W.
Published: April 2022

There is, on a given moral view, an agent‐centered restriction against performing acts of a certain type if that view prohibits agents from performing an instance of that act‐type even to prevent two or more others from each performing a morally comparable instance of that act‐type. The fact that commonsense morality includes agent‐centered restrictions is often seen as a decisive objection to act‐consequentialism. Despite this, I’ll argue that agent‐centered restrictions are more plausibly accommodated within an act‐consequentialist framework than within the more standard side‐constraint framework. For I’ll argue that when we combine agent‐relative act‐consequentialism with a Kantian theory of value, we arrive at a version of consequentialism—namely, Kantsequentialism—that has several advantages over the side‐constraint approach. What's more, I’ll show that this version of consequentialism avoids the disadvantages that critics of consequentializing have presumed that such a theory must have.
From the People, Like the People, or For the People? Candidate Appraisal Among the French Yellow Vests
Authors: Gonthier Frédéric , Guerra Tristan
Published: April 2022

Whereas populist citizens are usually described as being driven by individual discontent, this article builds on the notion that they are also spurred by sociotropic concerns. Taking the French Yellow Vests populist movement and its flagship referendum on popular initiative as a case study, we address the mechanism by which discontent is directed into an instrumental orientation, and how this mechanism translates into voting choice. Using a conjoint experiment, we find that a candidate supportive of citizen initiative referendum garners the most support, especially among protesters with strong people‐centric attitudes, even when competing with a candidate signaling her ideological proximity by means of an antielite statement. Results therefore enrich extant literature on voter‐politician congruency by suggesting that congruency between people‐centrism and the prospects of more direct democracy is a way for populist citizens to make their vote choice.
Soil depth and precipitation moderate soil textural effects on seedling survival of a foundation shrub species
Authors: Veblen Kari E. , Nehring Kyle C. , Duniway Michael C. , Knight Anna , Monaco Thomas A. , Schupp Eugene W. , Boettinger Janis L. , Villalba Juan J. , Fick Stephen , Brungard Colby , Thacker Eric
Published: April 2022

In drylands, there is a need for controlled experiments over multiple planting years to examine how woody seedlings respond to soil texture and the potentially interactive effects of soil depth and precipitation. Understanding how multiple environmental factors interactively influence plant establishment is critical to restoration ecology and in this case to broadscale restoration efforts in western U.S. drylands dominated by big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata). We planted sagebrush seedlings across a range of soil textures and depths in the southern portion of the species' range, on the Colorado Plateau, USA. We evaluated survival of repeated plantings of caged and uncaged seedlings over 2 years across 20 plots in wet versus average precipitation years at one site, and examined broader patterns of sagebrush seedling survival during an average precipitation year in 56 plots across four sites. First‐year survival was >9× higher under wet than average precipitation. Under favorable (wet) conditions, early sagebrush seedling survival was highest on coarser soils, especially those that also had a shallower restrictive layer (e.g. 50–100 cm). Under average precipitation, soil texture and depth effects on survival of newly planted seedlings were much weaker, but older (>1 year) seedlings benefitted from growing on coarser‐textured soils. It may be possible to increase survival by sheltering seedlings with small mesh cages, which likely improve moisture availability. Our results provide new insights into environmental factors that limit woody seedling survival in drylands and illustrate that planting in wet years and incorporating detailed soil setting information could increase survival of sagebrush seedlings in restoration projects.
Accounting for Spatial Confounding in Epidemiological Studies with Individual-Level Exposures: An Exposure-Penalized Spline Approach
Authors: Bobb Jennifer F. , Cruz Maricela F. , Mooney Stephen J. , Drewnowski Adam , Arterburn David , Cook Andrea J.
Published: April 2022

In the presence of unmeasured spatial confounding, spatial models may actually increase (rather than decrease) bias, leading to uncertainty as to how they should be applied in practice. We evaluated spatial modelling approaches through simulation and application to a big data electronic health record study. Whereas the risk of bias was high for purely spatial exposures (e.g. built environment), we found very limited potential for increased bias for individual-level exposures that cluster spatially (e.g. smoking status). We also proposed a novel exposure-penalized spline approach that selects the degree of spatial smoothing to explain spatial variability in the exposure. This approach appeared promising for efficiently reducing spatial confounding bias.
The Modelling of Movement of Multiple Animals that Share Behavioural Features
Authors: Mastrantonio Gianluca
Published: April 2022

In this work, we propose a model that can be used to infer the behaviour of multiple animals. Our proposal is defined as a set of hidden Markov models that are based on the sticky hierarchical Dirichlet process, with a shared base-measure, and a step and turn with an attractive point (STAP) emission distribution. The latent classifications are representative of the behaviour assumed by the animals, which is described by the STAP parameters. Given the latent classifications, the animals are independent. As a result of the way we formalize the distribution over the STAP parameters, the animals may share, in different behaviours, the set or a subset of the parameters, thereby allowing us to investigate the similarities between them. The hidden Markov models, based on the Dirichlet process, allow us to estimate the number of latent behaviours for each animal, as a model parameter. This proposal is motivated by a real data problem, where the global positioning system (GPS) coordinates of six Maremma Sheepdogs have been observed. Among the other results, we show that four dogs share most of the behaviour characteristics, while two have specific behaviours.
Clustering of social disadvantage with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults: A register‐based study in Sweden
Authors: Virtanen Marianna , Lallukka Tea , Alexanderson Kristina , Helgesson Magnus , Heikkilä Katriina , Ervasti Jenni , Pentti Jaana , Vahtera Jussi , Kivimäki Mika , Mittendorfer‐Rutz Ellenor
Published: April 2022

The clustering of social disadvantage with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young adulthood is not well understood. We examined the clustering of ADHD with low educational attainment and unemployment in young adulthood; whether such clustering is stronger when unemployment is prolonged; and whether further clustering of disability pensioning, low education and unemployment occurs among those with ADHD. Data were obtained from Swedish health, demographic and social security registers from which 8,990 individuals with recorded ADHD diagnoses at the age of 10–35 and their 44,387 matched referents without mental disorders. Social disadvantage was measured using data on educational attainment, unemployment and disability pension from the diagnosis year or age 19 if diagnosed at younger age. Clustering was examined by comparing observed and expected occurrence (O/E ratio) of all possible combinations of ADHD, low education and unemployment, and, among those with ADHD, additional combinations with new‐onset disability pension. The likelihood of having neither ADHD, low education nor unemployment was increased (O/E ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.19–1.20 at baseline; 1.18, 1.17–1.18 at follow‐up), as well as having all three characteristics (O/E ratio = 3.99, 3.89–4.10 at baseline; 5.68, 5.47–5.89 at follow‐up). This clustering was stronger among women than men and when unemployment was prolonged. The results suggest that low education and unemployment appear to cluster remarkably with ADHD among young adults, more so among women and when unemployment is prolonged.
Investigations of disaster information representation from a geospatial perspective: Progress, challenges and recommendations
Authors: Li Weilian , Zhu Jun , Pirasteh Saied , Zhu Qing , Fu Lin , Wu Jianlin , Hu Ya , Dehbi Youness
Published: April 2022

The complexity of disasters creates a significant challenge in the knowledge acquisition of the public. With the development of geospatial technologies, maps, geographic information science, and virtual geographic environments are widely used to represent disaster information and help the public better understand disaster risk. However, the application, design, and specific challenges have not been investigated comprehensively in disaster information representation thus far. This article presents the weaknesses and strengths of the existing methods for representing disaster information in recent decades, and then gives some basic ideas for efficient disaster knowledge communication. The objective of this article is to provide a clear image that improves users’ understanding of disaster information and bridge the communication gaps in disaster management.
Prevalence of gallbladder sludge and associated abnormalities in cats undergoing abdominal ultrasound
Authors: Villm Jessica , DeMonaco Stefanie , Larson Martha
Published: April 2022

The significance of gallbladder sludge in cats remains largely unknown and has been speculated to be a pathologic finding in cats. The objectives of this retrospective, observational study were to determine the prevalence of gallbladder sludge in the population of cats presenting for abdominal ultrasound; to describe clinical signs, laboratory findings and certain abdominal ultrasound abnormalities; and to compare these findings to cats without gallbladder sludge. One hundred and ninety‐two cats were included. Medical records were searched for cats with an abdominal ultrasound performed between October 2014–2015. Signalment, clinical signs, complete blood count, biochemical findings, presence or absence of gallbladder sludge, and hepatobiliary and pancreatic ultrasound findings were recorded. Gallbladder sludge was present in 44% of cats that underwent an abdominal ultrasound. There was no significant difference in age, sex, presenting clinical signs or clinicopathologic variables between the two groups. Gallbladder wall thickening significantly increased the odds of detecting gallbladder sludge (OR‐3.7 95% CI 1.4 – 10.0). Gallbladder sludge was not associated with other ultrasonographic abnormalities of the liver, gallbladder, bile duct or pancreas. Gallbladder sludge is common in cats undergoing abdominal ultrasound and appears to be a non‐specific finding. The clinical significance of concurrent gallbladder sludge and gallbladder wall thickening present on ultrasound in cats remains to be determined.
Evolution and biogeography of Anablepsoides killifishes shaped by Neotropical geological events (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae)
Authors: Amorim Pedro F. , Costa Wilson J. E. M.
Published: April 2022

Anablepsoides is a widely distributed Neotropical killifish genus found in shallow streams, in both dense forests and open areas, throughout northern and northeastern South America. The phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of the genus are here analysed, based on two nuclear and four mitochondrial genes of 26 species and six out‐groups. The origin of Anablepsoides was recovered in Early Miocene in an area corresponding to the Paleo‐Amazon‐Orinoco system. The current analyses indicate that the initial diversification of the genus in two main clades was associated with marine transgressions related to the formation of the Pebas mega‐wetland isolating each MRCA of those main clades in the upper Amazon river basin and river basins of the Guiana Shield. The diversification of the genus and the colonisation of new areas may be associated with Miocene and Pliocene events such as changes in the sea level, formation and extinction of wetlands, rupture of the Purus arch and Amazon river assuming the current flow to the East. Also, the evolution of Anablepsoides could be associated with the diversification of several other Neotropical lineages, so that the present study leads to a better understanding of the evolution of the Neotropical freshwater biota and South American geological history.
Acoustic detection range of right whale upcalls identified in near-real time from a moored buoy and a Slocum glider
Authors: Johnson Hansen D. , Taggart Christopher T. , Newhall Arthur E. , Lin Ying-Tsong , Baumgartner Mark F.
Published: April 2022

The goal of this study was to characterize the detection range of a near real-time baleen whale detection system, the digital acoustic monitoring instrument/low-frequency detection and classification system (DMON/LFDCS), equipped on a Slocum glider and a moored buoy. As a reference, a hydrophone array was deployed alongside the glider and buoy at a shallow-water site southwest of Martha's Vineyard (Massachusetts, USA) over a four-week period in spring 2017. A call-by-call comparison between North Atlantic right whale upcalls localized with the array (n = 541) and those detected by the glider or buoy was used to estimate the detection function for each DMON/LFDCS platform. The probability of detection was influenced by range, ambient noise level, platform depth, detection process, review protocol, and calling rate. The conservative analysis of near real-time pitch tracks suggested that, under typical conditions, a 0.33 probability of detection of a single call occurred at 6.2 km for the buoy and 8.6–13.4 km for the glider (depending on glider depth), while a 0.10 probability of detection of a single call occurred at 14.4 m for the buoy and 22.6–27.5 km for the glider. Probability of detection is predicted to increase substantially at all ranges if more than one call is available for detection.
Wave equations for porous media described by the Biot model
Authors: Chandrasekaran Sri Nivas , Näsholm Sven Peter , Holm Sverre
Published: April 2022

Single-mode equivalent space-time representations of the acoustic wave propagating in a Biot poroelastic medium have previously been found only for asymptotic cases: In the low frequency regime, where the viscous skin depth is greater than the characteristic pore size, the time domain equivalent is represented with integer order temporal and spatial loss terms, whereas in the high frequency regime, it is represented with fractional order temporal and spatial loss terms. In the current work, a time domain representation in terms of a partial differential equation is proposed for all three wave solutions of the Biot model across all frequencies, and it is derived from the material response function of the Biot poroelastic medium with suitable approximations for the compressional modes and the dynamic permeability. The dynamic permeability in the time domain is represented by a fractional pseudo-differential operator. Optimal correction factors are introduced into the wave equation to compensate for the discrepancies in the compressional wave dispersion and attenuation. Additionally, the method for incorporating the squirt flow mechanism into the wave equation via the Extended Biot poroviscoelastic model is described. The proposed wave equation has a physical basis and satisfies the passivity criterion.
Learning acoustic responses from experiments: A multiscale-informed transfer learning approach
Authors: Trinh Van Hai , Guilleminot Johann , Perrot Camille , Vu Viet Dung
Published: April 2022

A methodology to learn acoustical responses based on limited experimental datasets is presented. From a methodological standpoint, the approach involves a multiscale-informed encoder used to cast the learning task in a finite-dimensional setting. A neural network model mapping parameters of interest to the latent variables is then constructed and calibrated using transfer learning and knowledge gained from the multiscale surrogate. The relevance of the approach is assessed by considering the prediction of the sound absorption coefficient for randomly-packed rigid spherical beads of equal diameter. A two-microphone method is used in this context to measure the absorption coefficient on a set of configurations with various monodisperse particle diameters and sample thicknesses, and a hybrid numerical approach relying on the Johnson-Champoux-Allard-Pride-Lafarge model is deployed as the multiscale-based predictor. It is shown that the strategy allows for the relationship between the micro-/structural parameters and the experimental acoustic response to be well approximated, even if a small physical dataset (comprised of ten samples) is used for training. The methodology, therefore, enables the identification and validation of acoustical models under constraints related to data limitation and parametric dependence. It also paves the way for an efficient exploration of the parameter space for acoustical materials design.
Range-dependent geoacoustic inversion using equivalent environmental model in the presence of doppler effect
Authors: Shen Yining , Pan Xiang , Xu Yuanxin , Li Yuxiao , Ren Xinyi
Published: April 2022

Geoacoustic inversion using moving sensors attracts lots of interest due to the ease of deployment and low cost. However, the well-established techniques, such as matched-field inversion (MFI), may run into difficulties when the sensors are in a range-dependent environment for mismatch issues and increasing unknown parameters. Given a range-dependent environment, the paper focuses on the inversion using a synthetic aperture created by moving sensors in the presence of the Doppler effect. The derivation is given to obtain an equivalent range-independent environmental model for fast inversion, instead of a range-dependent one. The received fields are modified using the Doppler-shifted wavenumbers. The simulations and results of the SWellEx-96 experimental data verify the effectiveness of the proposed inversion method.
Training Periodization, Methods, Intensity Distribution, and Volume in Highly Trained and Elite Distance Runners: A Systematic Review
Authors: Casado Arturo , González-Mohíno Fernando , González-Ravé José María , Foster Carl
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This review aimed to determine (1) performance and training characteristics such as training intensity distribution (TID), volume, periodization, and methods in highly trained/elite distance runners and (2) differences in training volume and TID between event distances in highly trained/elite distance runners. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Results: Ten articles met the inclusion criteria. Highly trained/elite distance runners typically follow a pyramidal TID approach, characterized by a decreasing training volume from zone 1 (at or below speed at first ventilatory/lactate threshold [LT]) to zone 2 (between speeds associated with either both ventilatory thresholds or 2 and 4 mmol·L−1 LTs [vLT1 and vLT2, respectively]) and zone 3 (speed above vVT2/vLT2). Continuous-tempo runs or interval training sessions at vLT2 in zone 2 (ie, medium and long aerobic intervals) and those in zone 3 (ie, anaerobic or short-interval training) were both used at least once per week each in elite runners, and they were used to increase the number of either vLT2 or z3 sessions to adopt either a pyramidal or a polarized approach, respectively. More pyramidal- and polarized-oriented approaches were used by marathoners and 1500-m runners, respectively. Conclusions: Highly trained and elite middle- and long-distance runners are encouraged to adopt a traditional periodization pattern with a hard day–easy day basis, consisting in a shift from a pyramidal TID used during the preparatory and precompetitive periods toward a polarized TID during the competitive period.
24-Hour Movement Behaviors Among US Adults With Functional Disabilities
Authors: Ross Samantha M. , Haegele Justin A. , Schram Bridgette M. , Healy Sean
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to quantify and compare physical activity, sitting time, and sleep behaviors among US adults with and without disabilities using the 2020 Canadian 24-hour movement framework. The weighted prevalence of 24-hour movement guideline adherence was estimated among a nationally representative sample from the 2017 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of US adults (18–65 years old) with (n = 1070) and without (n = 33,370) functional disabilities in vision, hearing, mobility, cognitive, and self-care domains. The adjusted odds of single and combination guideline compliance were estimated by disability type, in reference to adults without disabilities, using separate multivariable logistic regressions. After adjusting for age, sex, and income, adults with disabilities in mobility, cognitive, or self-care domains had approximately half the odds of meeting all 3 guidelines, compared with adults without disabilities (adjusted odds range: 0.49–0.77). Significantly lower adherence was observed among adults with functional disabilities, compared with no disabilities, for sleep, and moderate to vigorous physical activity, but not sedentary guidelines. This report establishes baseline prevalence estimates for guidelines compliance among US adults with functional disabilities ages 18–65 years old. Low guideline adherence, and evidence for significant differences in physical activity and sleep, signals a need to further explore combination health behaviors among adults with disabilities.
Time experience during social distancing: A longitudinal study during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Cravo André Mascioli , de Azevedo Gustavo Brito , Moraes Bilacchi Azarias Cristiano , Barne Louise Catheryne , Bueno Fernanda Dantas , de Camargo Raphael Y. , Morita Vanessa Carneiro , Sirius Esaú Ventura Pupo , Recio Renan Schiavolin , Silvestrin Mateus , de Azevedo Neto Raymundo Machado
Published: April 2022

Social distancing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic brought several modifications in our daily lives. With these changes, some people have reported alterations in their feelings of how fast time was passing. In this study, we assessed whether and how social distancing and the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic influenced participants’ time awareness and production of time intervals. Participants (
n
= 3855) filled in the first questionnaire approximately 60 days after the start of social distancing in Brazil and weekly questionnaires for 15 weeks during social distancing. Our results indicate that time was perceived as expanded at the beginning, but this feeling decreased across the weeks. Time awareness was strongly associated with psychological factors such as loneliness, stress, and positive emotions, but not with time production. This relation was shown between participants and within their longitudinal reports. Together, our findings show how emotions are a crucial aspect of how time is felt.
Ecological consequences of neonicotinoid mixtures in streams
Authors: Schmidt Travis S. , Miller Janet L. , Mahler Barbara J. , Van Metre Peter C. , Nowell Lisa H. , Sandstrom Mark W. , Carlisle Daren M. , Moran Patrick W. , Bradley Paul M.
Published: April 2022

Neonicotinoid mixtures are common in streams worldwide, but corresponding ecological responses are poorly understood. We combined experimental and observational studies to narrow this knowledge gap. The mesocosm experiment determined that concentrations of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and clothianidin (range of exposures, 0 to 11.9 μg/liter) above the hazard concentration for 5% of species (0.017 and 0.010 μg/liter, respectively) caused a loss in taxa abundance and richness, disrupted adult emergence, and altered trophodynamics, while mixtures of the two neonicotinoids caused dose-dependent synergistic effects. In 85 Coastal California streams, neonicotinoids were commonly detected [59% of samples (
n
= 340), 72% of streams], frequently occurred as mixtures (56% of streams), and potential toxicity was dominated by imidacloprid (maximum = 1.92 μg/liter) and clothianidin (maximum = 2.51 μg/liter). Ecological responses in the field were consistent with the synergistic effects observed in the mesocosm experiment, indicating that neonicotinoid mixtures pose greater than expected risks to stream health.
Mitolysosome exocytosis, a mitophagy-independent mitochondrial quality control in flunarizine-induced parkinsonism-like symptoms
Authors: Bao Feixiang , Zhou Lingyan , Zhou Rui , Huang Qiaoying , Chen Junguo , Zeng Sheng , Wu Yi , Yang Liang , Qian Shufang , Wang Mengfei , He Xueying , Liang Shan , Qi Juntao , Xiang Ge , Long Qi , Guo Jingyi , Ying Zhongfu , Zhou Yanshuang , Zhao Qiuge , Zhang Jiwei , Zhang Di , Sun Wei , Gao Mi , Wu Hao , Zhao Yifan , Nie Jinfu , Li Min , Chen Quan , Chen Jiekai , Zhang Xiao , Pan Guangjin , Zhang Hong , Li Mingtao , Tian Mei , Liu Xingguo
Published: April 2022

Mitochondrial quality control plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and function. Disruption of mitochondrial quality control degrades brain function. We found that flunarizine (FNZ), a drug whose chronic use causes parkinsonism, led to a parkinsonism-like motor dysfunction in mice. FNZ induced mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased mitochondrial mass specifically in the brain. FNZ decreased mitochondrial content in both neurons and astrocytes, without affecting the number of nigral dopaminergic neurons. In human neural progenitor cells, FNZ also induced mitochondrial depletion. Mechanistically, independent of ATG5- or RAB9-mediated mitophagy, mitochondria were engulfed by lysosomes, followed by a vesicle-associated membrane protein 2– and syntaxin-4–dependent extracellular secretion. A genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen identified genes required for FNZ-induced mitochondrial elimination. These results reveal not only a previously unidentified lysosome-associated exocytosis process of mitochondrial quality control that may participate in the FNZ-induced parkinsonism but also a drug-based method for generating mitochondria-depleted mammal cells.
The tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli regulates T lymphocyte migration
Authors: Mastrogiovanni Marta , Vargas Pablo , Rose Thierry , Cuche Céline , Esposito Elric , Juzans Marie , Laude Hélène , Schneider Amandine , Bernard Mathilde , Goyard Sophie , Renaudat Charlotte , Ungeheuer Marie-Noëlle , Delon Jérôme , Alcover Andrés , Di Bartolo Vincenzo
Published: April 2022

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a tumor suppressor whose mutations underlie familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and colorectal cancer. Although its role in intestinal epithelial cells is well characterized, APC importance in T cell biology is ill defined. APC regulates cytoskeleton organization, cell polarity, and migration in various cell types. Here, we address whether APC plays a role in T lymphocyte migration. Using a series of cell biology tools, we unveiled that T cells from FAP patients carrying APC mutations display impaired adhesion and motility in constrained environments. We further dissected the cellular mechanisms underpinning these defects in APC-depleted CEM T cell line that recapitulate the phenotype observed in FAP T cells. We found that APC affects T cell motility by modulating integrin-dependent adhesion and cytoskeleton reorganization. Hence, APC mutations in FAP patients not only drive intestinal neoplasms but also impair T cell migration, potentially contributing to inefficient antitumor immunity.
Stretchable PPG sensor with light polarization for physical activity–permissible monitoring
Authors: Lee Gae Hwang , Kang Hyunbum , Chung Jong Won , Lee Yeongjun , Yoo Hyunjun , Jeong Sujin , Cho Hyeon , Kim Joo-Young , Kang Sung-Gyu , Jung Ji Young , Hahm Suk Gyu , Lee Jeahyuck , Jeong In-Jo , Park Minho , Park Gunkuk , Yun In Ho , Kim Justin Younghyun , Hong Yongtaek , Yun Youngjun , Kim Sung-Han , Choi Byoung Ki
Published: April 2022

Skin-attachable sensors, which represent the ultimate form of wearable electronic devices that ensure conformal contact with skin, suffer from motion artifact limitations owing to relative changes in position between the sensor and skin during physical activities. In this study, a polarization-selective structure of a skin-conformable photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor was developed to decrease the amount of scattered light from the epidermis, which is the main cause of motion artifacts. The motion artifacts were suppressed more than 10-fold in comparison with those of rigid sensors. The developed sensor—with two orthogonal polarizers—facilitated successful PPG signal monitoring during wrist angle movements corresponding to high levels of physical activity, enabling continuous monitoring of daily activities, even while exercising for personal health care.
Isotope-selective pore opening in a flexible metal-organic framework
Authors: Bondorf Linda , Fiorio Jhonatan Luiz , Bon Volodymyr , Zhang Linda , Maliuta Mariia , Ehrling Sebastian , Senkovska Irena , Evans Jack D. , Joswig Jan-Ole , Kaskel Stefan , Heine Thomas , Hirscher Michael
Published: April 2022

Flexible metal-organic frameworks that show reversible guest-induced phase transitions between closed and open pore phases have enormous potential for highly selective, energy-efficient gas separations. Here, we present the gate-opening process of DUT-8(Ni) that selectively responds to D
2
, whereas no response is observed for H
2
and HD. In situ neutron diffraction directly reveals this pressure-dependent phase transition. Low-temperature thermal desorption spectroscopy measurements indicate an outstanding D
2
-over-H
2
selectivity of 11.6 at 23.3 K, with high D
2
uptake. First-principles calculations coupled with statistical thermodynamics predict the isotope-selective gate opening, rationalized by pronounced nuclear quantum effects. Simulations suggest DUT-8(Ni) to remain closed in the presence of HT, while it also opens for DT and T
2
, demonstrating gate opening as a highly effective approach for isotopolog separation.
How to compete with robots by assessing job automation risks and resilient alternatives
Authors: Paolillo Antonio , Colella Fabrizio , Nosengo Nicola , Schiano Fabrizio , Stewart William , Zambrano Davide , Chappuis Isabelle , Lalive Rafael , Floreano Dario
Published: April 2022

The effects of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) on the job market are matters of great social concern. Economists and technology experts are debating at what rate, and to what extent, technology could be used to replace humans in occupations, and what actions could mitigate the unemployment that would result. To this end, it is important to predict which jobs could be automated in the future and what workers could do to move to occupations at lower risk of automation. Here, we calculate the automation risk of almost 1000 existing occupations by quantitatively assessing to what extent robotics and AI abilities can replace human abilities required for those jobs. Furthermore, we introduce a method to find, for any occupation, alternatives that maximize the reduction in automation risk while minimizing the retraining effort. We apply the method to the U.S. workforce composition and show that it could substantially reduce the workers’ automation risk, while the associated retraining effort would be moderate. Governments could use the proposed method to evaluate the unemployment risk of their populations and to adjust educational policies. Robotics companies could use it as a tool to better understand market needs, and members of the public could use it to identify the easiest route to reposition themselves on the job market.
Answering the great automation question
Authors: Gentili Andrea
Published: April 2022

Modeling an automation risk index for job profiles provides insights into worker reallocation and informs retraining policy.
Increased
bla
KPC
Copy Number and OmpK35 and OmpK36 Porins Disruption Mediated Resistance to Imipenem/Relebactam and Meropenem/Vaborbactam in a KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolate
Authors: Gaibani Paolo , Bianco Gabriele , Amadesi Stefano , Boattini Matteo , Ambretti Simone , Costa Cristina
Published: April 2022

Herein, we report the
in vivo
evolution of imipenem/relebactam-resistance in KPC-producing
K. pneumoniae
(KPC-Kp) isolated from a critically-ill patient treated with multiple combination therapies based on ceftazidime-avibactam or meropenem-vaborbactam. Imipenem/relebactam-resistance was associated to meropenem-vaborbactam cross-resistance and was due to truncated OmpK35 and OmpK36 porins and increased copy of
bla
KPC
copy number.
Dimeric Artesunate Glycerophosphocholine Conjugate Nano-Assemblies as Slow-Release Antimalarials to Overcome Kelch 13 Mutant Artemisinin Resistance
Authors: Du Yawei , Giannangelo Carlo , He Wei , Shami Gerald J. , Zhou Wenya , Yang Tuo , Creek Darren J. , Dogovski Con , Li Xinsong , Tilley Leann
Published: April 2022

Current best practice for the treatment of malaria relies on short half-life artemisinins that are failing against emerging Kelch 13 mutant parasite strains. Here, we introduce a liposome-like self-assembly of a dimeric artesunate glycerophosphocholine conjugate (dAPC-S) as an amphiphilic prodrug for the short-lived antimalarial drug, dihydroartemisinin (DHA), with enhanced killing of Kelch 13 mutant artemisinin-resistant parasites.
Pellicle Biofilm Formation in
Burkholderia cenocepacia
J2315 is Epigenetically Regulated through WspH, a Hybrid Two-Component System Kinase-Response Regulator
Authors: Sass Andrea , Vandenbussche Ian , Bellich Barbara , Cescutti Paola , Coenye Tom
Published: April 2022

Biofilms are surface-attached or suspended aggregates of cells, that are problematic in the context of bacterial infections, as they provide protection from antibiotic treatment.
Burkholderia cenocepacia
can colonize the lung of immunocompromised patients and forms biofilms that increase its recalcitrance to antibiotic treatment. Pellicles are biofilms which form at an air-liquid interface to take advantage of the higher oxygen concentrations in this environment.
Three Orphan Histidine Kinases Inhibit Clostridioides difficile Sporulation
Authors: Edwards Adrianne N. , Wetzel Daniela , DiCandia Michael A. , McBride Shonna M.
Published: April 2022

The formation of inactive spores is critical for the long-term survival of the gastrointestinal pathogen
Clostridioides difficile
. The onset of sporulation is controlled by the master regulator of sporulation, Spo0A, which is activated by phosphorylation.
Fourteen
mcr
-1-Positive Salmonella enterica Isolates Recovered from Travelers Returning to the United States from the Dominican Republic
Authors: Webb Hattie E. , Kim Justin Y. , Tagg Kaitlin A. , Kapsak Curtis J. , Tobolowsky Farrell , Birhane Meseret G. , Francois Watkins Louise , Folster Jason P.
Published: April 2022

In the United States, reports of
Salmonella enterica
carrying
mcr
-1 remain rare in humans, but when observed, the infection is often associated with travel. Here, we report 14
mcr
-1-positive
Salmonella enterica
isolates from patients in the United States that reported travel to the Dominican Republic within the 12 months before illness.
Diversity and Structure of Bacterial Communities in Different Rhizocompartments (Rhizoplane, Rhizosphere, and Bulk) at Flag Leaf Emergence in Four Winter Wheat Varieties
Authors: Zervas Athanasios , Ellegaard-Jensen Lea , Hennessy Rosanna C. , Bak Frederik , Guan Ying , Horn Herms Courtney , Molina Zamudio Kitzia Yashvelt , Thybo Ganzhorn Dorthe , Müller-Stöver Dorette Sophie , Ahmad Jabeen , Grunden Amy , Jacobsen Carsten S. , Nicolaisen Mette Haubjerg
Published: April 2022

Understanding basic interactions at the plant-soil interphase is critical if we are to exploit natural microbial communities for improved crop resilience. We report here 16S amplicon sequencing data from 3 rhizocompartments of 4 wheat cultivars grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. We observed that rhizocompartments and cultivar affect the community composition.
Identification and Tetramer Structure of Hemin-Binding Protein SPD_0310 Linked to Iron Homeostasis and Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Cao Kun , Zhang Tianlong , Li Nan , Yang Xiao-Yan , Ding Jianping , He Qing-Yu , Sun Xuesong
Published: April 2022

Iron is an essential element for bacterial virulence and infection of the host. The detailed hemin metabolism in Gram-positive bacteria has rarely been studied.
A Comparative Genomic Approach to Determine the Virulence Factors and Horizontal Gene Transfer Events of Clinical Acanthamoeba Isolates
Authors: Gu Xiaobin , Lu Xiuhai , Lin Shudan , Shi Xinrui , Shen Yue , Lu Qingsong , Yang Yiying , Yang Jing , Cai Jiabei , Fu Chunyan , Lou Yongliang , Zheng Meiqin
Published: April 2022

Acanthamoeba
has the ability to cause serious blinding keratitis. Although the prevalence of this phenomenon has increased in recent years, our knowledge of the underlying opportunistic pathogenic mechanism maybe remains incomplete.
Role of Extracellular DNA in Dalbavancin Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Biofilms in Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Authors: Sivori Francesca , Cavallo Ilaria , Kovacs Daniela , Guembe Maria , Sperduti Isabella , Truglio Mauro , Pasqua Martina , Prignano Grazia , Mastrofrancesco Arianna , Toma Luigi , Pimpinelli Fulvia , Morrone Aldo , Ensoli Fabrizio , Di Domenico Enea Gino
Published: April 2022

Staphylococcus aureus
is the most common cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) worldwide. In addition, methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) is increasingly frequent in postoperative infections and responsible for a large number of hospital readmissions and deaths.
Identification of a KPC Variant Conferring Resistance to Ceftazidime-Avibactam from ST11 Carbapenem-Resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Strains
Authors: Wu Yuchen , Yang Xuemei , Liu Congcong , Zhang Yanyan , Cheung Yan Chu , Wai Chi Chan Edward , Chen Sheng , Zhang Rong
Published: April 2022

Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination with activity against serine β-lactamases, including the Ambler class A enzyme KPC. However, during recent years, there have been increasing reports of emergence of new KPC variants that could confer resistance to CZA.
A Rapid and Specific Genotyping Platform for Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance via Allele-Specific PCR with a Lateral Flow Assay
Authors: Cheng Weijia , Song Xiaonan , Zhu Huiyin , Wu Kai , Wang Wei , Li Jian
Published: April 2022

Accurate recognition of the mutation and genotype of genes are essential for the treatment of infectious diseases and genetic diseases. Based on the techniques of allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and a lateral flow assay (LFA), a rapid and useful platform for mutation detection was developed and assessed with clinical samples. It offers a powerful tool to identify antimalarial drug resistance and can support malaria control and elimination globally.
Middle and late Miocene marine mammal assemblages from the Monterey Formation of Orange County, California
Authors: Parham James F. , Barron John A. , Velez-Juarbe Jorge
Published: April 2022

This study provides new stratigraphic data and identifications for fossil marine mammals from the Monterey Formation in the Capistrano syncline, Orange County, California, showing that there are two distinct marine mammal assemblages. Until now, marine mammals from the Monterey Formation of Orange County have been considered to represent a single assemblage that is 13.0–10.0 Ma in age. By combining data from diatoms with the geographic positions of sites, faunal analysis, and data from the literature, we can assign 59 sites to three main levels: the lower part (ca. 16–13 Ma), the middle part (ca. 13–10 Ma), and the upper part (ca. 10–8 Ma). We assigned 308 marine mammal specimens to 38 taxa, resulting in 97 occurrences (unique record of a taxon for a given site). Of the 38 taxa we identified within the study area, 15 taxa are restricted to the lower part of the Monterey Formation, 15 are restricted to the upper part of the Monterey Formation, eight were found in both, and none has yet been reported from the middle (possibly condensed) section. Six of the eight taxa that occur in both the lower and upper parts of the Monterey Formation are higher-level taxa, which accounts for their broad temporal range. The recognition of two distinct marine mammal assemblages in the Monterey Formation of Orange County is an important step toward a better-calibrated sequence of faunal evolution in the region while improving the utility of marine mammals for regional biostratigraphy.
On Traces of Non-Equilibrium States in the Evolution of Terrestrial Vertebrate Communities across the Paleozoic–Mesozoic Boundary
Authors: Shishkin M. A.
Published: April 2022

Evolutionary change in a living system starts with a disturbance to its equilibrium and an increase in its internal disorderliness. Typical manifestations of this process are exemplified by the transformation of the tetrapod faunas across the Permian–Triassic boundary. These are seen both at the end of the transition to a new equilibrium (in the pioneer Triassic faunas) and at its beginning (in the terminal Permian communities). In the first case, the most distinct manifestations are: unfinished state of structural changes within some new groups; a high degree of endemism of regional pioneer communities, and the heterogeneity of their change with time. In the second case, as can be seen from analysis of the early-crisis (Vyaznikovian) biota of Eastern Europe, the observed events primarily include the “precocious” appearance of some future dominants; the “return” of a number of relics to the fossil record; and examples of explosive group variability in some taxa close to extinction. Actual or probable traces of non-equilibrium changes, similar to those noted in the Vyaznikovian biota, can also be partly traced in other Late Permian faunas of Eurasia and in coeval communities of southern and northern Gondwana.
Curious case of chronic corneal oedema
Authors: Mukhija Ritika , Kanavati Sam , Nanavaty Mayank A
Published: April 2022

An 89-year-old man with multiple episodes of inferior corneal oedema and low-grade anterior segment inflammation over 18 months was diagnosed and managed as viral keratitis; however, the episodes kept recurring every time treatment, vis-à-vis topical steroids, were tapered or stopped. History of cataract surgery few months prior to onset of the symptoms, lack of other features of viral keratitis, such as keratic precipitates and inferior corneal oedema in the presence of slight pupillary peaking led to the suspicion of either a retained lens fragment (RLF) or other possible iatrogenic insult. This was confirmed by anterior segment optical coherence tomogram, which revealed the RLF in inferior angle; this was removed surgically as an emergency procedure. This resulted in significant improvement in the corneal oedema, as well as marked symptomatic relief confirmed by the patient.
Chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy preceding T-cell lymphoma: differentiation between primary neurolymphomatosis and paraneoplastic neuropathy
Authors: Kim Sooyoung , Lee Myoung-Won , Choi Song-Yi , Sohn Eun Hee
Published: April 2022

A 49-year-old man presented with progressive asymmetric weakness and pain. Electrodiagnostic tests and nerve biopsy suggested chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy refractory to immune-modulating therapy. The patient’s symptoms were aggravated, and he was finally diagnosed with T-cell lymphoma based on the findings of the second18F-2 fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/CT performed 16 months after symptom onset. The patient received intravenous chemotherapy, but died 2 months later because of lymphoma progression. A clinical suspicion of neurolymphomatosis and early diagnosis are important for proper management.
Endovascular repositioning and resizing of the distal catheter of a ventriculoatrial shunt
Authors: Rathod Krantikumar , Bairy Abhishek , Chagla Aadil Shaukat , Deshmukh Hemant
Published: April 2022

Ventriculoatrial (VA) shunts are an effective alternative to ventriculoperitoneal shunts for diversion of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with hydrocephalus. Accurate placement of the distal end of a VA shunt in the right atrium is imperative for appropriate drainage and can be technically challenging. Misplaced or dislodged shunt catheter needs urgent repositioning, which can be performed by endovascular techniques. We present a case of VA shunt placement related complication, in which the dislodged distal fragment was retrieved by endovascular techniques. The remaining distal catheter, found to be in the internal jugular vein, was not only repositioned, but also resized for accurate placement in the right atrium.
Reactive arthritis following treatment with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for papillary carcinoma of bladder
Authors: Singh Yogesh Preet , Roy Debaditya , Jois Bhargavi , Shetti Mohit
Published: April 2022

A man in his 60s developed reactive arthritis following treatment with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (iBCG) for papillary carcinoma of bladder. Evaluation revealed leucocytosis and raised inflammatory markers. HLA B27 was positive. Based on the temporal relationship, it was attributed to BCG-related reactive arthritis. iBCG was stopped. Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and glucocorticoids were ineffective. Prolonged course of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS) was required which aided in alleviation of symptoms and sustained remission. Intravesical BCG therapy is a treatment for bladder cancer. It is rarely associated with reactive arthritis, which responds to discontinuation of iBCG and treatment with NSAIDS and/or short-term glucocorticoids. iBCG-related reactive arthritis commonly has an acute/subacute course. Chronic arthritis as observed in our case requiring prolonged treatment with DMARDS is rare.
Rare presentation of enoxaparin-induced skin necrosis in a postoperative patient
Authors: Byrne Emma McNell , Khattab Ahmed , Chen Feifan , Bhagavatula Rama
Published: April 2022

Enoxaparin-induced skin necrosis is a rare complication of low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) therapy. We describe a woman in her 50s who developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT), thrombocytopenia and necrotic skin lesions after initiation of enoxaparin for DVT prophylaxis. Despite high clinical suspicion of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome and a positive heparin–platelet factor 4 antibody, heparin serotonin assay was negative. This case emphasises the importance for clinical vigilance regarding complications to LMWH therapy.