bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How reminders of the 1918–19 pandemic helped Australia and New Zealand respond to COVID-19
Authors: Rice Geoffrey W.
Published: November 2020

This article will argue that the memory of the great ‘Spanish’ influenza pandemic of 1918–19 played a significant role in the preparedness and response of Australia and New Zealand to the COVID-19 pandemic, and may help to explain their success compared with Europe and North America. An obvious alternative explanation for the success of Asian states such as China, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan would be their experience of the SARS outbreak in 2002 and the H7N9 influenza outbreak of 2013. However, this explanation does not apply to Australia or New Zealand. All of these states had pandemic plans, initially developed with encouragement from the World Health Organization after the SARS outbreak, but only Australia and New Zealand appear to have directly incorporated ‘lessons’ from 1918–19 into their pandemic plans.
Endemic risks: influenza pandemics, public health, and making self-reliant Indian citizens
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan Kavita
Published: November 2020

This article focuses on the politics of epidemics, health and development in the years between two pandemics of influenza in India, the so-called ‘Asian’ flu (1957) and the ‘Hong Kong’ flu (1968). I explore how public health and risk-focused cosmologies were constructed about urban life, and anchored in economic priorities about development planning, industrial productivity, and self-reliance in a modernizing Indian nation. How were pandemics ‘seen’ and identified among urban populations that were already suffering from endemic risks? Were they viewed as a continuum of local, natural hazards or through wider geopolitical insecurities? The influenza crises were characterized by incapacitation and absenteeism from work rather than high mortality rates in Indian cities, causing worries about industrial plans. The Indian state intervened minimally, and articulated ideas and rhetoric about individual responsibility and ‘cooperative citizenship’ that set the stage for later manifestations of neoliberalism.
Tolerance of rhizoma perennial peanut to glyphosate and triclopyr
Authors: Martin Logan J. , Sellers Brent A. , Devkota Pratap , Ferrell Jason A. , Leon Ramon G. , Vendramini João M.B.
Published: November 2020

Rhizoma perennial peanut (RPP) is well adapted to the Gulf Coast region of the United States, but its varietal tolerance to glyphosate and triclopyr is not well defined. The research was conducted to determine the effect of various rates of glyphosate and triclopyr on established RPP, and the response of common RPP varieties to these herbicides. The RPP sward was approximately 7 yr younger at Zolfo Springs than at the Ona location. RPP showed moderate tolerance to glyphosate and triclopyr application, and injury level did not differ with the age of RPP sward. However, biomass production was negatively influenced by the age of the RPP sward. Overall, injury from glyphosate applications did not exceed 40% at either site. The glyphosate rate for 20% biomass reduction was predicted to be 0.53 and 2.17 kg ae ha−1at Zolfo Springs and Ona, respectively. RPP injury from triclopyr was greater at the Zolfo Springs location than at Ona, and the triclopyr rate predicted to result in a 20% biomass reduction was 0.45 and 0.99 kg ae ha−1at the Zolfo Springs and Ona locations, respectively. There was a difference on RPP varieties response to glyphosate and triclopyr application. ‘Florigraze’ and ‘Ona 33’ were less tolerant to glyphosate compared to ‘UF-Tito’ and ‘Ecoturf’ at 30 d after treatment. Likewise, UF-Tito and Florigraze were less tolerant to triclopyr compared to Ona 33 and Ecoturf. Overall, Florigraze showed highest injury and at least 2-fold reduction on biomass compared to the other three varieties from glyphosate or triclopyr application. Results from this research indicate that glyphosate and triclopyr appear to be safe to apply to long-established RPP stands, but herbicide rate and RPP varieties should be considered if stands are <5 yr old.
Das generalistisch ausgerichtete Curriculum im KraniCH-Projekt
Authors: Schneider Kordula , Kuckeland Heidi , Hamar Christoph , Blank Andreas , Bugow Kerstin , Riemer Heike , Sbiegay Steffi
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung. Das Forschungsprojekt KraniCH (Kompetenzorientiertes, anschlussfähiges Curriculum Hannover) mit dem besonderen Fokus auf die durchgeführte Berufsfeldanalyse in 43 Settings des pflegerischen Handelns wurde bereits beschrieben (Schneider et al., 2018). Auf Basis der dabei eruierten Inhalte wurde im weiteren Verlauf ein generalistisches Curriculum entwickelt. Im Folgenden werden auf übergeordneter Ebene die wesentlichen Konstruktionsschritte, die curriculare Gesamtstruktur mit deren zentralen Aspekten sowie die darauf aufbauende Entwicklung der einzelnen generalistischen Lernsituationen dargelegt.
Schmerzen beim Verbandwechsel sind beeinflussbar!
Authors: Hübner-Möhler Bettina , Beissenhirtz Andrea
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die angeborene Hauterkrankung Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) führt zu Blasenbildung und schmerzhaften Wunden. Viele betroffene Kinder erleben jeden Tag schmerzhafte und langandauernde Verbandwechsel, ihr Leben lang. Auf einem Informationsblatt haben wir hilfreiche Tipps für Eltern und Pflegende zusammengestellt, die Angst und Schmerzen beim Verbandwechsel verringern können.
Kongress ohne Stress
Authors: Golla Markus , Zegelin Angelika
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung. Diese Hinweise beziehen sich auf jahrelange Erfahrung, Frau Dr. Zegelin hat selbst viele Tagungen organisiert, war Vortragende bei unzähligen Kongressen und auch Teilnehmerin bei vielen Veranstaltungen. Ende der 90er Jahre hat sie dazu in den Studiengängen an der Universität Witten / Herdecke Lehrveranstaltungen gemacht. Herr Golla führt in Österreich sehr gute Kongresse durch, neben den aktuellen Themen zeichnen sie sich durch besonderes persönliches Engagement aus. Suchen Sie sich passende Aspekte heraus.
Birds Sang a New Song During the Pandemic
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: November 2020

White-crowned sparrows in the San Francisco Bay Area sang differently during California’s COVID-19-induced shutdown, recordings have revealed.
Precise design strategies of nanomedicine for improving cancer therapeutic efficacy using subcellular targeting
Authors: Fu Xianglei , Shi Yanbin , Qi Tongtong , Qiu Shengnan , Huang Yi , Zhao Xiaogang , Sun Qifeng , Lin Guimei
Published: November 2020

Therapeutic efficacy against cancer relies heavily on the ability of the therapeutic agents to reach their final targets. The optimal targets of most cancer therapeutic agents are usually biological macromolecules at the subcellular level, which play a key role in carcinogenesis. Therefore, to improve the therapeutic efficiency of drugs, researchers need to focus on delivering not only the therapeutic agents to the target tissues and cells but also the drugs to the relevant subcellular structures. In this review, we discuss the most recent construction strategies and release patterns of various cancer cell subcellular-targeting nanoformulations, aiming at providing guidance in the overall design of precise nanomedicine. Additionally, future challenges and potential perspectives are illustrated in the hope of enhancing anticancer efficacy and accelerating the translational progress of precise nanomedicine.
Correction: GATA3 suppresses human fibroblasts-induced metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via an anti-IL6/STAT3 mechanism
Authors: Shi Qianqian , Xu Renfang , Song Guanglai , Lu Hao , Xue Dong , He Xiaozhou , Xia Ying
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
An evaluation of inbreeding measures using a whole-genome sequenced cattle pedigree
Authors: Alemu Setegn Worku , Kadri Naveen Kumar , Harland Chad , Faux Pierre , Charlier Carole , Caballero Armando , Druet Tom
Published: November 2020

The estimation of the inbreeding coefficient (F) is essential for the study of inbreeding depression (ID) or for the management of populations under conservation. Several methods have been proposed to estimate the realizedFusing genetic markers, but it remains unclear which one should be used. Here we used whole-genome sequence data for 245 individuals from a Holstein cattle pedigree to empirically evaluate which estimators best capture homozygosity at variants causing ID, such as rare deleterious alleles or loci presenting heterozygote advantage and segregating at intermediate frequency. Estimators relying on the correlation between uniting gametes (FUNI) or on the genomic relationships (FGRM) presented the highest correlations with these variants. However, homozygosity at rare alleles remained poorly captured. A second group of estimators relying on excess homozygosity (FHOM), homozygous-by-descent segments (FHBD), runs-of-homozygosity (FROH) or on the known genealogy (FPED) was better at capturing whole-genome homozygosity, reflecting the consequences of inbreeding on all variants, and for young alleles with low to moderate frequencies (0.10 < . < 0.25). The results indicate that FUNIand FGRMmight present a stronger association with ID. However, the situation might be different when recessive deleterious alleles reach higher frequencies, such as in populations with a small effective population size. For locus-specific inbreeding measures or at low marker density, the ranking of the methods can also change as FHBDmakes better use of the information from neighboring markers. Finally, we confirmed that genomic measures are in general superior to pedigree-based estimates. In particular, FPEDwas uncorrelated with locus-specific homozygosity.
Associations between hand function and electrophysiological measurements in hand osteoarthritis patients of different ages with or without carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Kim Young Hoon , Han Eun Young , Kim Jinseok , Seo Kyu-Bum , Jeon Young Tae , Im Sang Hee
Published: November 2020

Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative disease that most frequently involves the hand. The objective was to compare clinical functional outcome measures including hand grip, pinch strength, and dexterity with various electrophysiological measures in patients of different ages with hand osteoarthritis with or without the presence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Patients with hand osteoarthritis (208 patients, 404 hands) who underwent hand-function tests and motor and sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS) between June 2015 and June 2016 were enrolled. The patients’ hands were assigned to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) (206 hands; mean age, 56.37 ± 10.52; male:female, 46:160) or control groups (198 hands; mean age, 57.88 ± 9.68; male:female, 55:143). The strength of hand grip and lateral pinch, the time required to complete the nine-hole pegboard test (9HPT), and motor and sensory nerve conduction parameters were measured and compared across age groups and between hands with or without CTS. The CTS group showed significantly lower hand grip and lateral pinch strength, and a longer time to complete the 9HPT in comparison with the control group. Female patients showed significantly lower hand grip and lateral pinch strength than male patients. However, there was no difference in the 9HPT completion time between genders. Multivariate regression analysis identified the amplitude of the median compound muscle action potential (CMAP), age, and male gender as independent predictors of grip strength (adjusted R2 = 0.679), and amplitude of median CMAP and male gender as independent predictors of KP strength (adjusted R2 = 0.603). Velocity of median CMAP, amplitude of median sensory nerve action potential, and age were identified as independent predictors of 9HPT time (adjusted R2 = 0.329). Nerve conduction measurements were significantly related to hand-function test results, and CTS induced significant deficits in strength and performance of the affected hand.
The potential use of Azolla pinnata as an alternative bio-insecticide
Authors: Ravi Rajiv , Rajendran Dinesh , Oh Wen-Da , Mat Rasat Mohd Sukhairi , Hamzah Zulhazman , Ishak Intan H. , Mohd Amin Mohamad Faiz
Published: November 2020

Four different tests showed the effectiveness of Azolla pinnata plant extracts against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. In the adulticidal test, there was a significant increase in mortality as test concentration increases and A. pinnata extracts showed LC50 and LC95 values of 2572.45 and 6100.74 ppm, respectively, against Ae. aegypti and LC50 and LC95 values of 2329.34 and 5315.86 ppm, respectively, against Ae. albopictus. The ovicidal test showed 100% eggs mortality for both species tested for all the concentrations tested at 1500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm and 125 ppm. Both tested samples of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus did not lay any eggs in the plastic cups filled with the A. pinnata extract but instead opted to lay eggs in the plastic cups filled with water during the oviposition deterrence test. Similarly, the non-choice test of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes laid eggs on the sucrose solution meant for the nutrient source of the mosquitoes instead of in the plastic cup that was designed to facilitate oviposition filled with the extract. This clearly indicates the presence of bioactive compounds which are responsible in adulticidal and ovicidal activity in Aedes mosquitoes and at the same time inducing repellence towards the mosquitoes. The LC–MS results showed mainly three important chemical compounds from A. pinnata extracts such as 1-(O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1,3R,25R)-hexacosanetriol, Pyridate and Nicotinamide N-oxide. All these chemicals have been used for various applications such as both emulsion and non-emulsion type of cosmetics, against mosquito vector such as Culex pipens and Anopheles spp. Finally, the overall view of these chemical components from A. pinnata extracts has shown the potential for developing natural product against dengue vectors.
Load-deformation characteristics of acellular human scalp: assessing tissue grafts from a material testing perspective
Authors: Zwirner Johann , Ondruschka Benjamin , Scholze Mario , Schulze-Tanzil Gundula , Hammer Niels
Published: November 2020

Acellular matrices seem promising scaffold materials for soft tissue regeneration. Biomechanical properties of such scaffolds were shown to be closely linked to tissue regeneration and cellular ingrowth. This given study investigated uniaxial load-deformation properties of 34 human acellular scalp samples and compared these to age-matched native tissues as well as acellular dura mater and acellular temporal muscle fascia. As previously observed for human acellular dura mater and temporal muscle fascia, elastic modulus (p = 0.13) and ultimate tensile strength (p = 0.80) of human scalp samples were unaffected by the cell removal. Acellular scalp samples showed a higher strain at maximum force compared to native counterparts (p = 0.02). The direct comparison of acellular scalp to acellular dura mater and temporal muscle fascia revealed a higher elasticity (p < 0.01) and strain at maximum force (p = 0.02), but similar ultimate tensile strength (p = 0.47). Elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength of acellular scalp decreased with increasing post-mortem interval. The elongation behavior formed the main biomechanical difference between native and acellular human scalp samples with elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength being similar when comparing the two.
The 2018 summer heatwaves over northwestern Europe and its extended-range prediction
Authors: Kueh Mien-Tze , Lin Chuan-Yao
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the drivers and extended-range prediction of the mid-July to early August 2018 heatwaves over northwestern Europe, focusing on regional heatwave events over Scandinavia (SC) and Western Europe (WE). The persistent blocking regime (BL) was the most influential contributor for the 2018 heatwave over SC, and both the Atlantic Low regime (AL) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) were secondary contributors for the heatwave, but with different effect directions. The major contributor to the heatwave over WE was AL. These causal relationships remained valid when the evolution of warm spells was considered. A multi-model ensemble of real-time forecasts from the subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) database captured the evolution of the warm spells over SC and WE up to 3 weeks in advance. However, the predictions of heatwave occurrence and significance for the two regions are unsatisfactory. BL and AL can be predicted 2 weeks in advance, resulting in the successful predictions of warm spells over SC and WE. Although variations in Azores High and NAO were captured in the forecasts, their contribution to the warm spells remains unclear.
Prediction of turbulence eddy dissipation of water flow in a heated metal foam tube
Authors: Babanezhad Meisam , Behroyan Iman , Taghvaie Nakhjiri Ali , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Marjani Azam , Shirazian Saeed
Published: November 2020

The insertion of porous metal media inside the pipes and channels has already shown a significant heat transfer enhancement by experimental and numerical studies. Porous media could make a mixing flow and small-scale eddies. Therefore, the turbulence parameters are attractive in such cases. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach can predict the turbulence parameters using the turbulence models. However, the CFD is unable to find the relation of the turbulence parameters to the boundary conditions. The artificial intelligence (AI) has shown potential in combination with the CFD to build high-performance predictive models. This study is aimed to establish a new AI algorithm to capture the patterns of the CFD results by changing the system’s boundary conditions. The ant colony optimization-based fuzzy inference system (ACOFIS) method is used for the first time to reduce time and computational effort needed in the CFD simulation. This investigation is done on turbulent forced convection of water through an aluminum metal foam tube under constant wall heat flux. The ANSYS-FLUENT CFD software is used for the simulations. The x and y of the fluid nodal locations, inlet temperature, velocity, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) are the inputs of the ACOFIS to predict turbulence eddy dissipation (TED) as the output. The results revealed that for the best intelligence of the ACOFIS, the number of inputs, the number of ants, the number of membership functions (MFs) and the rule are 5, 10, 93 and 93, respectively. Further comparison is made with the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The coefficient of determination for both methods was close to 1. The ANFIS showed more learning and prediction times (785 s and 10 s, respectively) than the ACOFIS (556 s and 3 s, respectively). Finding the member function versus the inputs, the value of TED is calculated without the CFD modeling. So, solving the complicated equations by the CFD is replaced with a simple correlation.
Use of Congo red dye-formaldehyde as a new sensitizer-reductant couple for enhanced simultaneous solar energy conversion and storage by photogalvanic cells at the low and artificial sun intensity
Authors: Koli Pooran , Dayma Yashodhara , Pareek Ramesh Kumar , Jonwal Meenakshi
Published: November 2020

The photogalvanic cells (PG) are the promising and renewable electrochemical energy devices capable of doing the simultaneous solar power generation and storage. To realize the aim of the practical application of the PG cells in daily life, the electrical output of these cells has to be further enhanced to a level at least comparable to that of the photovoltaic cells. The present study of the PG cells based on so far unexplored Congo red dye-formaldehyde as a photosensitizer-reductant couple along with efficiency enhancer surfactant reagent (sodium lauryl sulfate) in the sodium hydroxide alkaline medium has shown greatly enhanced cell performance over published results. The present study has shown electrical cell performance of the PG cell as Ppp 782 μW, isc 3200 μA, Voc 1074 mV, and CE 11.02% at artificial and low illumination intensity. The storage capacity (t0.5) of the PG cell has been observed in the present study as 120 min in the dark. The study of variation of the different cell fabrication parameters has shown optimum cell performance at an optimal value of these cell fabrication parameters. The most plausible mechanism of the photo-generation of the current in PG cells is also proposed on the basis of observed potential values and published literature.
A shape-switch-block method for confocal light-sheet microscopy with sectioned Bessel beams and stimulated emission depletion
Authors: Köbele Luis , Rohrbach Alexander
Published: November 2020

Microscopy seeks to simultaneously maximize optical resolution, contrast, speed, volume size, and probe tolerability, which is possible by combining different complementary imaging techniques with their specific strengths. Here, we show how to combine three physical concepts to increase resolution and contrast in light-sheet microscopy by making the effective light-sheet thinner through phase shaping, fluorophores-switching, and dynamic blocking of fluorescence. This shape-switch-block principle is realized by illumination with two holographically shaped, sectioned Bessel beams. Second, by switching off fluorophores in the proximity of the excitation center using continuous-wave stimulated emission depletion (STED). And third, by blocking fluorescence outside the switching region by confocal line detection. Thereby, we reduce the light-sheet thickness by 35%, achieving an isotropic resolution with beads in a 300 × 70 × 50 µm³ volume. Without STED, we obtain 0.37 µm resolution in cell clusters at improved sectioning and penetration depth. The shape-switch-block concept promises high potential, also for other microscopy techniques.
Pulse-onset dynamics in a bidirectional mode-locked fibre laser via instabilities
Authors: Kudelin Igor , Sugavanam Srikanth , Chernysheva Maria
Published: November 2020

Real-time observation of the emergence of coherent structures from noise via instabilities is of particular interest across disciplines ranging from biology to astrophysics. In the context of photonics, ultrafast fibre lasers provide an ideal test-bed for experimental observation of dynamical instabilities and generation of coherent structures of ultrashort pulses. Here we present experimentally obtained switch-on dynamics of counter-propagating ultrashort pulses in a bidirectional mode-locked fibre laser with delayed pulse formation via Q-switched and modulation instabilities, pronounced central wavelength drift, with the multiple-pulse formation. We define a localisation parameter using the round-trip resolved autocorrelation function to quantify the extent of the pulse formation, indicating an energy interchange between coherent features and background radiation. Furthermore, we report the formation of synchronised and unsynchronised dispersion waves. Our results reveal the complexity of the establishment of coherent features and their interaction with background radiation, contributing further towards the understanding of nonlinear systems in general.
Leveraging the orthogonality of Zernike modes for robust free-space optical communication
Authors: Konwar Santanu , Boruah Bosanta R.
Published: November 2020

Free-space optical communication systems exploit the properties of light beams to transfer information through a free-space link. Indeed such systems provide an exciting alternative for communication. Here we introduce information transfer through free-space using a laser beam having its phase encoded with multiple orthogonal aberration modes. We use Zernike polynomials, which form a complete basis set, to represent the aberration modes. The user information is converted to co-efficients of the Zernike modes which are summed digitally to obtain the resultant phase profile. A single phase modulating device then reads the resultant phase to shape the wavefront of the beam to be transmitted. The receiving station estimates the co-efficients of all modes in the beam from a single measurement of a wavefront sensor, to retrieve the user information. We demonstrate data transfer using multiple modes, each with multiple strengths, and external perturbation compensation using the completeness property of the modes.
The range of antiferromagnetic coupling governs the conductivity: semiconducting behavior and ammonia gas sensing property of diamagnetic hexaradical-containing tetranuclear CoIII4 cluster and its nonradical congener
Authors: Sarkar Prasenjit , Konch Tukhar Jyoti , Kamilya Tapas , Raidongia Kalyan , Acharya Somobrata , Mukherjee Chandan
Published: November 2020

The long-range antiferromagnetic coupling impedes electron flow through hexaradical-containing tetranuclear CoIII4 complex (1), while nonradical-containing tetranuclear CoIII4 complex (2), with no paramagnetic centres, is a semiconductor and sensed NH3 efficiently at room temperature (25 °C).
Synthesis and electronic properties of carbazole-based core-modified diporphyrins showing near infrared absorption
Authors: Maeda Chihiro , Shirakawa Takuma , Ema Tadashi
Published: November 2020

A highly conjugated carbazole-based fused diporphyrin shows NIR absorption.
A new type of novel salt-inclusion chalcogenide with ultralow thermal conductivity
Authors: Chen Hong , Liu Peng-Fei , Lin Hua , Wu Xin-Tao
Published: November 2020

A new type of salt-inclusion chalcogenide, [Rb6Cl][RE23Mn7Se44] (RE = Ho–Yb), with a unique host–guest structure that exhibits ultralow thermal conductivity is demonstrated.
Double exchange interaction promoted high-valence metal sites for neutral oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Jisi , Ma Jingjing , Du Kun , Zhao Erling , Guo Jiaxin , Mao Jing , Ling Tao
Published: November 2020

A unique double-exchange strategy is adopted to access active high-valent transition metal sites during neutral oxygen evolution reaction.
Naphtho- and anthra-disilacyclobutadienes
Authors: Ishida Shintaro , Sugawara Shohei , Honda Shunya , Iwamoto Takeaki
Published: November 2020

Naphthodisilacyclobutadiene and anthradisilacyclobutadiene exhibit a paratropic character due to the fused 1,2-disilacyclobutadiene moiety and a hypsochromic shift despite π-elongation.
A photocaged inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase
Authors: Prause Kevin , Naseri Gita , Schumacher Fabian , Kappe Christian , Kleuser Burkhard , Arenz Christoph
Published: November 2020

An esterase-labile, photocaged inhibitor provides spatiotemporal control over acid sphingomyelinase in living cells.
On-surface synthesis of doubly-linked one-dimensional pentacene ladder polymers
Authors: Biswas Kalyan , Urgel José I. , Sánchez-Grande Ana , Edalatmanesh Shayan , Santos José , Cirera Borja , Mutombo Pingo , Lauwaet Koen , Miranda Rodolfo , Jelínek Pavel , Martín Nazario , Écija David
Published: November 2020

On-surface investigations of pentacene molecules functionalized with four dibromomethylene groups reveal, after an annealing step, the formation of π-conjugated ladder polymers doubly-linked by ethynylene bridges on a Au(111) surface.
A giant hybrid organic–inorganic octahedron from a narrow rim carboxylate calixarene
Authors: Machado dos Santos Fernando , Edivirges Alvarenga Meiry , Valdo Ana Karoline Silva Mendanha , Rabelo Renato , Cangussu de Castro Gomes Danielle , de Fátima Ângelo , Vinicius Costa Lara Thiago , da Silva Cleiton Moreira , Tasso Thiago Teixeira , Neto João Honorato Araujo , Batista Alzir Azevedo , Ayala Alejandro Pedro , Ellena Javier Alcides , Ferraz Guimarães Vinicius , Maria Alves Oliveira Cecília , da Silva Lidya Cardozo , Gontijo Vaz Boniek , Terra Martins Felipe
Published: November 2020

Here we discovered an unprecedented giant octahedral coordination compound bearing 16 Zn2+, 12 Na+, 8 O2−, 4 OH−, 13 H2O and 6 L4− ligands [L4− = fully deprotonated tetra(carboxymethoxy)calix[4]arene].
Copper(i) halide cluster-based coordination polymers modulated by chiral ditopic dithiodianthranilide ligands: synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescence
Authors: Chojnacki Jarosław , Mońka Michał , Serdiuk Illia E. , Bojarski Piotr , Połoński Tadeusz , Olszewska Teresa
Published: November 2020

The influence of ligand chirality on the self-assembly and spectroscopic properties of copper(i) halide coordination polymers was investigated.
Organic fluorescent probes for monitoring autophagy in living cells
Authors: Li Xuechen , Liang Xing , Yin Junling , Lin Weiying
Published: November 2020

The recent progress in the development of organic fluorescent probes for monitoring the autophagy process in living cells has been reviewed for the first time.
Solving the COF trilemma: towards crystalline, stable and functional covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Haase Frederik , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: November 2020

Strategies in covalent organic frameworks and adjacent fields are highlighted for designing stable, ordered and functional materials.
Recycling of two molecular catalysts in the hydroformylation/aldol condensation tandem reaction using one multiphase system
Authors: Strohmann Marc , Vossen Jeroen T. , Vorholt Andreas J. , Leitner Walter
Published: November 2020

Recycling of catalysts in tandem reactions is of great importance to efficiently execute multiple conversions in one synthesis step.
A facile and large-scale synthesis of a PVA/chitosan/collagen hydrogel for wound healing
Authors: Zhang XiaoHui , Yin Zhengrong , Guo Yuqing , Huang Haofei , Zhou JianYe , Wang Ling , Bai JingYa , Fan Zengjie
Published: November 2020

PVA/chitosan/collagen hydrogel prepared by simple freezing and thawing method has high antibacterial properties and excellent wound healing ability.
One water-stable magnetic coordination polymer material (Fe3O4@PmPD–[Co-BT]) as an efficient adsorbent for rapid dye removal
Authors: Wang Lulu , Lu Ziwen , Fan Chuanbin , Zong Ziao , Zhu Bin , Bi Caifeng , Zhang Xia , Fan Yuhua
Published: November 2020

Benefiting from the framework, Fe3O4@PmPD–[Co-BT] has an excellent effect of removing CR from wastewater, and the adsorption capacity was 347.8 mg g−1.
An aromatic selenite bridged Mn(iii) chain compound showing the coexistence of single chain magnet and metamagnet behaviour
Authors: Zhang Shao-Liang , Li Shan-Shan , Li Xin-Chao , Hou Xian-Hui , Wang Zhi-Cheng , Ji Xiao-Ying , Chen Lei
Published: November 2020

A new chain compound consisting of Mn2(salen)2 building blocks bridged by aromatic selenite was synthesized and characterized.
Self-reporting heavy atom-free photodynamic therapy agents
Authors: Turkoglu Gulsen , Kayadibi Koygun Gozde , Yurt Mediha Nur Zafer , Demirok Naime , Erbas-Cakmak Sundus
Published: November 2020

Two novel near-IR absorbing, heavy atom-free BODIPY-based photosensitizers are reported to have efficient PDT action and self-reporting properties.
Pt atoms on doped carbon nanosheets with ultrahigh N content as a superior bifunctional catalyst for hydrogen evolution/oxidation
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Jiang Cheng , Li Ping , Feng Qi , Zhao Zhi liang , Yao Keguang , Fan Jiantao , Li Hui , Wang Haijiang
Published: November 2020

Isolated Pt atoms on N-doped carbon nanosheets exhibit excellent bifunctional catalytic performance towards the hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction (HER/HOR).
On the distribution of hydrophilic polyelectrolytes and their counterions around zwitterionic micelles: the possible impact on the charge density in solution
Authors: Mella Massimo , Tagliabue Andrea , Izzo Lorella
Published: November 2020

Despite the neutrality of headgroups, polyanions impact on ion distributions inside zwitterionic micelle corona acting as “shuttle” for species with opposite charges. Hydrophilic polyanions, however, do not reduce the critical micellar concentration.
Magnetic nanoparticle-based amplification of microRNA detection in body fluids for early disease diagnosis
Authors: Gessner Isabel , Fries Jochen W. U. , Brune Veronika , Mathur Sanjay
Published: November 2020

Magnetic particle-based biosensors capable of detecting miRNA in body fluids have become a valuable alternative to qRT-PCR approaches.
Nanodiamonds for bioapplications, recent developments
Authors: Bondon Nicolas , Raehm Laurence , Charnay Clarence , Boukherroub Rabah , Durand Jean-Olivier
Published: November 2020

This review describes the very recent bioapplications of nanodiamonds combining nanoparticles and diamond features, underlining their multiple roles in theranostics.
State-of-the-art advances of copper-based nanostructures in the enhancement of chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Hao Ya-Nan , Zhang Wen-Xin , Gao Yi-Ru , Wei Ya-Nan , Shu Yang , Wang Jian-Hua
Published: November 2020

The recent advances of copper-based nanostructures in the enhancement of chemodynamic therapy have been reviewed.
Icariin inhibits the inflammation through down-regulating NF-κB/HIF-2α signal pathways in chondrocytes
Authors: Wang Pengzhen , Meng Qingqi , Wang Wen , Zhang Shaoheng , Xiong Xifeng , Qin Shengnan , Zhang Jinli , Li Aiguo , Liu Zhihe
Published: November 2020

Articular cartilage injury or defect is a common disease and is mainly characterized by cartilage degradation because of chondrocyte inflammation. By now, there are no effective drugs and methods to protect articular cartilage from degradation. Icariin (ICA) is a typical flavonoid compound extracted from Epimedii Folium with anti-inflammatory and bone-protective effects. Our previous studies demonstrate that ICA up-regulates HIF-1α expression and glycolysis in chondrocytes and maintains chondrocyte phenotype. As another member of HIFs family, HIF-2α always plays a key role in inflammation. The effect of ICA on HIF-2α is unclear by now. In the present study, we confirmed the findings in our previous study that ICA promoted not only chondrocyte vitality and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, but also the anti-inflammatory effect of ICA. In bone defect mice, ICA inhibited the expressions of NF-κB and HIF-2α. In TNF-α-treated ADTC5 chondrocytes, ICA neutralized the activation of IKK (IKK phosphorylation), the phosphorylation of IkB and NF-κB and the expression of HIF-2α. Furthermore, ICA inhibited the nucleus transfer of NF-κB and the expressions of MMP9 and ADAMTS5, two key targets of NF-κB/HIF-2α signal pathway. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that ICA may increase the vitality of chondrocytes by suppressing the inflammatory injury through the inhibition on NF-κB/HIF-2α signaling pathway. ICA is one effective candidate drug for the treatment of articular cartilage injury.
From protocells to prototissues: a materials chemistry approach
Authors: Gobbo Pierangelo
Published: November 2020

Prototissues comprise free-standing 3D networks of interconnected protocell consortia that communicate and display synergistic functions. Significantly, they can be constructed from functional molecules and materials, providing unprecedented opportunities to design tissue-like architectures that can do more than simply mimic living tissues. They could function under extreme conditions and exhibit a wide range of mechanical properties and bio-inspired metabolic functions. In this perspective, I will start by describing recent advancements in the design and synthetic construction of prototissues. I will then discuss the next challenges and the future impact of this emerging research field, which is destined to find applications in the most diverse areas of science and technology, from biomedical science to environmental science, and soft robotics.
Full‐duplex MIMO‐OFDM systems with imperfect estimation of CFO and time‐varying multipath channels
Authors: Nguyen‐Le H. , Nguyen‐Duy‐Nhat V. , Bao V.N.Q. , Bui‐Thi‐Minh T. , Tran N.H.
Published: November 2020

This Letter proposed a maximum‐a‐posteriori‐based, pilot‐aided algorithm for iterative estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO) and time‐varying multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) multipath channel responses in FD orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Empirical results and related benchmark limits show that the proposed algorithm offers reliable system performance having (i) estimation's mean‐squared errors close to related Bayesian Cramér Rao bounds, (ii) data‐detection's bit‐error rates close to the ideal values under the assumption of perfect channel estimation and synchronisation and (iii) high robustness against the time variation of wireless channels in a network with moving nodes.
Compressive sensing MR imaging based on adaptive tight frame and reference image
Authors: Cao Chunhong , Duan Wei , Hu Kai , Xiao Fen
Published: November 2020

Compressive sensing magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is aimed at achieving high‐quality MR image reconstruction by undersampling K‐space data. It is crucial to explore prior information since compressive sensing MR imaging relies heavily on some prior assumptions, such as signal's sparse property. In this study, in order to explore the prior information fully, an improved MR image reconstruction model based on compressive sensing theory is proposed, named reference image MR imaging with adaptive tight frame. In the proposed model, an adaptive tight frame is involved to explore the sparse prior information adapt to MR images and the similarity prior information to the target image. Meanwhile, improved adaptive weighting parameters are used to trade off the sparsity between the regions with much similarity and that of little similarity. In addition, the smoothing‐based fast iterative shrinkage‐threshold algorithm is utilised to tackle the optimisation problem so as to speed up imaging. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MR image reconstruction method outperforms some state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of quantitative results.
Guided adaptive interpolation filter
Authors: Waheed Waseem , Al‐nasrawi Mukhalad , Deng Guang
Published: November 2020

Edge‐aware smoothing has proved to be a fundamental technique for various image processing and computer vision tasks. In this study, the authors introduce a local, non‐iterative, and effective edge‐preserving filter namely guided adaptive interpolation filter (GAIF). GAIF can be used as a post‐processing step after any smoothing filter to improve its edge preservation performance without reformulation. GAIF has an computation complexity, where N is the total number of pixels in the image. To further increase the efficiency of GAIF at edge‐preservation, two techniques are introduced and demonstrated. GAIF efficiency is demonstrated and compared to state‐of‐the‐art techniques on a number of tasks including image smoothing, flash/no‐flash image denoising/fusion, single image dehazing, and image details enhancement.
Cosmology with gravitationally lensed repeating fast radio bursts
Authors: Wucknitz O. , Spitler L. G. , Pen U.-L.
Published: November 2020

High-precision cosmological probes have revealed a small but significant tension between the parameters measured with different techniques, among which there is one based on time delays in gravitational lenses. We discuss a new way of using time delays for cosmology, taking advantage of the extreme precision expected for lensed fast radio bursts, which are short flashes of radio emission originating at cosmological distances. With coherent methods, the achievable precision is sufficient for measuring how time delays change over the months and years, which can also be interpreted as differential redshifts between the images. It turns out that uncertainties arising from the unknown mass distribution of gravitational lenses can be eliminated by combining time delays with their time derivatives. Other effects, most importantly relative proper motions, can be measured accurately and disentangled from the cosmological effects. With a mock sample of simulated lenses, we show that it may be possible to attain strong constraints on cosmological parameters. Finally, the lensed images can be used as galactic interferometer to resolve structures and motions of the burst sources with incredibly high resolution and help reveal their physical nature, which is currently unknown.
Planck’s Dusty GEMS
Authors: Cañameras R. , Nesvadba N. P. H. , Kneissl R. , König S. , Yang C. , Beelen A. , Hill R. , Le Floc’h E. , Scott D.
Published: November 2020

We present ALMA, NOEMA, and IRAM-30 m/EMIR observations of the high-density tracer molecules HCN, HCO+, and HNC in three of the brightest lensed dusty star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3–3.5, part of the Planck’s Dusty Gravitationally Enhanced subMillimetre Sources (GEMS), with the aim of probing the gas reservoirs closely associated with their exceptional levels of star formation. We obtained robust detections of ten emission lines between Jup = 4 and 6, as well as several additional upper flux limits. In PLCK_G244.8+54.9, the brightest source at z = 3.0, the HNC(5–4) line emission at 0.1″ resolution, together with other spatially-integrated line profiles, suggests comparable distributions of dense and more diffuse gas reservoirs, at least over the most strongly magnified regions. This rules out any major effect from differential lensing. This line is blended with CN(4–3) and in this source, we measure a HNC(5–4)/CN(4–3) flux ratio of 1.76 ±0. 86. Dense-gas line profiles generally match those of mid-J CO lines, except in PLCK_G145.2+50.8, which also has dense-gas line fluxes that are relatively lower, perhaps due to fewer dense cores and more segregated dense and diffuse gas phases in this source. The HCO+/HCN ≳ 1 and HNC/HCN ∼ 1 line ratios in our sample are similar to those of nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and consistent with photon-dominated regions without any indication of important mechanical heating or active galactic nuclei feedback. We characterize the dense-gas excitation in PLCK_G244.8+54.9 using radiative transfer models assuming pure collisional excitation and find that mid-J HCN, HCO+, and HNC lines arise from a high-density phase with an H2 density of n  ∼  105–106 cm−3, although important degeneracies hinder a determination of the exact conditions. The three GEMS are consistent with extrapolations of dense-gas star-formation laws derived in the nearby Universe, adding further evidence that the extreme star-formation rates observed in the most active galaxies at z ∼ 3 are a consequence of their important dense-gas contents. The dense-gas-mass fractions traced by HCN/[CI] and HCO+/[CI] line ratios are elevated, but not exceptional as compared to other lensed dusty star-forming galaxies at z >  2, and they fall near the upper envelope of local ULIRGs. Despite the higher overall gas fractions and local gas-mass surface densities observed at high redshift, the dense-gas budget of rapidly star-forming galaxies seems to have evolved little between z ∼ 3 and z ∼ 0. Our results favor constant dense-gas depletion times in these populations, which is in agreement with theoretical models of star formation.
The properties of dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the Cen A group
Authors: Müller Oliver , Fahrion Katja , Rejkuba Marina , Hilker Michael , Lelli Federico , Lutz Katharina , Pawlowski Marcel S. , Coccato Lodovico , Anand Gagandeep S. , Jerjen Helmut
Published: November 2020

Dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) have been extensively investigated in the Local Group, but their low luminosity and surface brightness make similar work in more distant galaxy groups challenging. Modern instrumentation unlocks the possibility of scrutinizing these faint systems in other environments, expanding the parameter space of group properties. We use MUSE spectroscopy to study the properties of 14 known or suspected dSph satellites of Cen A. Twelve targets are confirmed to be group members based on their radial velocities. Two targets are background galaxies at ∼50 Mpc: KK 198 is a face-on spiral galaxy, and dw1315−45 is an ultra-diffuse galaxy with an effective radius of ∼2300 pc. The 12 confirmed dSph members of the Cen A group have old and metal-poor stellar populations and follow the stellar metallicity-luminosity relation defined by the dwarf galaxies in the Local Group. In the three brightest dwarf galaxies (KK 197, KKs 55, and KKs 58), we identify globular clusters, as well as a planetary nebula in KK 197, although its association with this galaxy and/or the extended halo of Cen A is uncertain. Using four discrete tracers, we measure the velocity dispersion and dynamical mass of KK 197. This dSph appears dark matter dominated and lies on the radial acceleration relation of star-forming galaxies within the uncertainties. It also is consistent with predictions stemming from modified Newtonian dynamics. Surprisingly, in the dwarf KK 203 we find an extended Hα ring. Careful examination of Hubble Space Telescope photometry reveals a very low level of star formation at ages between 30 and 300 Myr. The Hα emission is most likely linked to a ∼40 Myr old supernova remnant, although other possibilities for its origin cannot be entirely ruled out.
Detection of infrared fluorescence of carbon dioxide in R Leonis with SOFIA/EXES
Authors: Fonfría J. P. , Montiel E. J. , Cernicharo J. , DeWitt C. N. , Richter M. J.
Published: November 2020

We report on the detection of hot CO2 in the O-rich asymptotic giant branch star R Leo based on high spectral resolution observations in the range 12.8−14.3 μm carried out with the Echelon-cross-Echelle Spectrograph (EXES) mounted on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). We found ≃240 CO2 emission lines in several vibrational bands. These detections were possible thanks to a favorable Doppler shift that allowed us to avoid contamination from telluric CO2 features. The highest excitation lines involve levels at an energy of ≃7000 K. The detected lines are narrow (average deconvolved width ≃2.5 km s−1) and weak (usually ≲10% the continuum). A ro-vibrational diagram shows that there are three different populations, warm, hot, and very hot, with rotational temperatures of ≃550, 1150, and 1600 K, respectively. From this diagram, we derived a lower limit for the column density of ≃2.2 × 1016 cm−2. Further calculations based on a model of the R Leo envelope suggest that the total column density can be as large as 7.0 × 1017 cm−2 and the abundance with respect to H2 ≃2.5 × 10−5. The detected lines are probably formed due to the de-excitation of CO2 molecules from high energy vibrational states, which are essentially populated by the strong R Leo continuum at 2.7 and 4.2 μm.
Physical and psychological welfare of students at higher educational establishments during “soft” fitness and classical aerobics lessons
Authors: Shirokova Evgeniya , Makeeva Vera , Yamaletdinova Galina , Shchegoleva Marina
Published: November 2020

The article substantiates the necessity to use “soft” fitness during physical culture lessons with students at higher educational establishments at the initial stages of teaching. During the programs of exercises creation the demands claimed on students at the lessons should fully correspond with their physical abilities and psychological needs, as in this case the connection between physical and psychological components of life quality becomes stronger. The need for physical exercises fulfillment and high level of motor activity support becomes the part of psychological comfort and personality’s welfare.