bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yield and calo of the “Marija Zvijezda” Trappist cheese during ripening
Authors: Budimir Draženko
Published: January 2023

This paper presents the results of research on yield and calo during ripening of the Trappist cheese. The cheese has been produced for more than 140 years by the monks of the Marija Zvijezda Monastery (Mariastern Abbey) in Banja Luka. In 2008 cheese production has been restored and the cheese has been presented to the market in cooperation with the “Livač” Cooperative. The Trappist cheese is made in the form of a wheel weighing 1.6-2.0 kg and it has a natural rind that is yellowish, thin, and smooth. The conditions and the way in which it ripens are specific and give a special flavour to the cheese. The duration of the ripening is a minimum of 90 days and it happens under specific conditions of humidity and temperature. The cheese ripens on wooden boards and it is rotated and cleaned manually. Its consistency is soft, elastic, mild, and it is easily cut. The cut is smooth without or with very little holes. It is characterized by a clean scent of milk, slightly salty, and it melts easily. The cheese yield calculated for the Trappist cheese is 12.81 %. The actual cheese yield obtained after 90 days of cheese ripening is 10.74 %. Cheese weight changes with ripening time and weight loss at the end of the production cycle is 0.322 kg or 15.85 %. The amount of whole milk needed for one kilogram of the final cheese product is about 9.35 kg.
La capacitación y oportunidades para la creación de empresas competitivas
Authors: Carvallo Monsalve Yanary Emelina , Herrera Pérez Ariana Paola , Carvallo Monsalve Yanamir Coromoto
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: En la actualidad en Ecuador se ha incrementado el apoyo a emprendedores para la creación de nuevas empresas, tal es el caso de la Fundación Ecuador Igualitario, que forma y apoya a mujeres en diferentes áreas para la creación de emprendimientos. El objetivo de la investigación es identificar la influencia de la capacitación en la creación de ideas de negocio competitivas generadas desde oportunidades detectadas en el entorno.
Diseño/Metodología: La metodología consistió en un análisis descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando como instrumento para la recolección de información la encuesta, la población se conformó  por ochenta mujeres, las cuales tienen ideas de negocio en desarrollo. El instrumento aplicado, se elaboró utilizando la medición de Likert del 1 al 5, el cual se validó primeramente con el Alpha de Cronbach aplicando para ello una prueba piloto, obteniendo un valor de 0,97, el cual es considerado un valor aceptable para el tipo de investigación.
Resultados: La capacitación recibida por las mujeres de la Fundación Ecuador Igualitario,  han generado la creación de habilidades y conocimientos en cuanto a la creación de emprendimientos y empresas competitivas. Las ideas de negocio concebidas  en la capacitación, son generadas a partir de oportunidades detectadas y análisis del entorno.
Limitaciones/implicaciones: La investigación está limitada al estudio de mujeres de la Fundación Ecuador Igualitario, por lo que se debe realizar el estudio en diferentes grupos de emprendedores, para poder obtener datos más precisos.
Originalidad/contribución: Esta investigación, en original y pionera realizada en este grupo de emprendedoras de la Fundación Ecuador Igualitario.
La gestión emocional de la frustración en antropólogas(os) forenses que trabajan en la búsqueda de víctimas de desaparición forzada en Colombia
Authors: Fernández-Miranda Gabriela , Aranguren-Romero Juan Pablo
Published: January 2023

Since the end of the twentieth century, the work of forensic professionals in contexts of war has become a topic of particular interest, among other reasons, because of its importance in the clarification of serious human rights violations. The purpose of this article is to characterize the experience of frustration and emotional management strategies used by forensic anthropologists working in the context of the Colombian armed conflict. Using semi-structured interviews with ten forensic anthropologists working in the search for victims of enforced disappearance in Colombia, along with autobiographical analysis, the authors identify the strategies through which forensic professionals manage frustration in a context of armed conflict and political violence. All interviews were held in Bogota in 2019. The forensic anthropologists interviewed were found to be confronted with potential sources of frustration such as complex political scenarios, difficulties of the geographical context to carry out the search processes, long-lasting situations of impunity, and high expectations of the victims’ families to find their loved ones’ remains. The article thus describes the ways in which forensic anthropologists emotionally manage these difficulties in order to maintain their motivation and efforts to continue their work. The authors employ a novel perspective to explore the emotional management of the impacts of work in contexts of political violence and war, revealing the importance of research that allows us to recognize the subject involved before the pain of others.
Seguimiento de graduados de la Carrera de Médico Especialista en cardiología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Experiencia del Hospital Cosme Argerich
Authors: Kazelián Lucía R. , Bono Leandro A. , Tolusso Mariela E. , Cestari Horacio G. , Blanco Rodrigo I. , Gagliardi Juan A.
Published: January 2023

El seguimiento de los graduados en una carrera es un indicador de la calidad educativa de la misma. Su labor profesional y académica permite evaluar los resultados de los programas instituidos a largo plazo. Objetivo: Explorar la percepción de los egresados de la Carrera de Médico Especialista (CME) en cardiología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) sede Hospital Argerich sobre la calidad de la formación recibida durante la carrera; conocer su inserción laboral en el mundo profesional, y la realización de subespecialidades. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado del 1° al 31 de enero de 2020. Se diseñó una encuesta de opinión autoadministrada a través de surveymonkey.com. El universo encuestado fueron 28 egresados de 7 promociones consecutivas (año de admisión 2010-2016) de la Carrera de Médico Especialista (CME) en cardiología UBA-sede Argerich. Resultados: Del total de los egresados contestaron la encuesta 25 (89,2%). La edad promedio fue 34 años, sexo masculino 14 (56%). Se realizaron preguntas para la evaluación global, valoración de la actividad científica y académica en la Sede del Hospital, al igual que la valoración del Curso Bianual de Cardiología en la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología. Las respuestas en su mayoría fueron favorables Los egresados continúan ejerciendo la profesión en un 100%, el 76% se perfeccionó en una subespecialidad. Conclusiones: Los egresados de la CME en cardiología sede Hospital Argerich perciben que su formación ha sido muy buena o excelente y ha contribuido a su desarrollo profesional de manera esencial. Toda la información recabada genera una fuente de información para retroalimentar y optimizar la enseñanza en la institución formadora.
Uso de benzodiazepinas en el manejo de la Hipertensión Arterial
Authors: Schiavone Miguel Javier , Richly Pablo , Pronotti Victoria , Pérez Mariana , Aquieri Analía , Avaca Horacio , Tartaglione Jorge E.
Published: January 2023

La hipertensión arterial es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia mundial y es uno de los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Hoy en día vivimos como sociedad en una época donde predomina el estrés, la depresión y la ansiedad: trastornos que generan una alta descarga simpática, lo cual resulta perjudicial para la salud cardiovascular. Es habitual que como médicos nos encontremos frente a pacientes que en consultorio y/o en salas de emergencias presentan algún grado de ansiedad asociado a registros elevados de presión arterial, y es frecuente que en estos casos el tratamiento elegido para la disminución de la presión arterial sean los ansiolíticos, y específicamente las benzodiazepinas. Actualmente no existen guías que avalen el uso de drogas ansiolíticas para el manejo de la hipertensión arterial, por lo que decidimos realizar una revisión bibliográfica para evaluar las evidencias sobre su indicación en el manejo de la hipertensión arterial.
Equidad laboral, violencia de género y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en especialistas en cardiología argentinos
Authors: Crosa Verónica Lía , Avalos Oddi Alejandra , Verdugo Silvina , Castillo Costa Yanina , Cáceres Leonardo , Rubilar Bibiana
Published: January 2023

Los especialistas en cardiología pueden sufrir estresores que afecten su salud, como inequidad laboral y violencia de género, además de padecer factores de riesgo (FR) tradicionales para enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) Objetivo: Detectar el nivel de bienestar, equidad laboral y violencia de género y conocer la prevalencia de los FR en especialistas en cardiología en Argentina Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, de corte transversal a través de una encuesta anónima realizada en septiembre de 2021 a los especialistas del padrón de la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología. Se recabaron datos sobre equidad laboral, violencia laboral y doméstica y FR. Resultados: Participaron 611 profesionales (40,5% mujeres). El 63% trabajaba más de 44 horas semanales; 3 de cada 10 cumplían guardias de 12 o 24 horas (38,5% mujeres vs 28% varones, p <0,01). El 72% consideró excesiva la carga laboral, con remuneración no acorde a su formación académica (70%). La mitad de las cardiólogas encuestadas consideró que la maternidad limitó el desarrollo profesional en la especialidad. La violencia de género laboral fue más frecuente en las cardiólogas (58% vs 10% p <0,01) al igual que la violencia doméstica (16% vs 6% p <0,01). Los varones tenían más sobrepeso (67% vs 34% mujeres, p <0,01) y obesidad (16% vs 11%, p<0,01) y las mujeres resultaron ser más sedentarias (53% vs 45%, p< 0,01). Conclusión: Resultó evidente la disconformidad en las condiciones laborales en ambos sexos y la mayor prevalencia de violencia de género laboral y doméstica en las especialistas mujeres encuestadas. A pesar de contar con el conocimiento sobre ECV y FR los especialistas encuestados tienen una alta prevalencia de FR
Miocardiopatía arritmogénica. Genes y proteínas desmosómicas
Authors: Pantere Hernán , Tumarkin Mariano , Azzato Francisco , Milei José
Published: January 2023

Desde 1996 esta enfermedad figura en la clasificación de las miocardiopatías de la OMS con el nombre de “miocardiopatía arritmogénica”. A fines de la década del 70 se estableció que el ventrículo derecho (VD) puede ser el sustrato para el desarrollo de arritmias. En la década del 80 se describió el reemplazo del miocardio por tejido fibroadiposo y su naturaleza hereditaria. Posteriores descubrimientos permitieron la identificación de varios genes implicados en la producción de proteínas desmosómicas que participan en el acoplamiento intercelular lo cual llevó a definir a la miocardiopatía arritmogénica como una enfermedad desmosómica. El electrocardiograma y el ecocardiograma resultaron fundamentales y la angiocardiografía invasiva se utilizó para detectar disquinesia-aquinesia y aneurismas del VD. La biopsia endomiocárdica se perfiló como el gold standard para el diagnóstico, debido a su capacidad para detectar el reemplazo transmural por tejido fibroadiposo. El advenimiento de la resonancia magnética cardíaca (RMC) con realce tardío de gadolinio ha permitido revelar no solamente anomalías morfológico-funcionales sino también daño tisular. El conocimiento de la estructura del disco intercalar, involucrado en el acoplamiento intercelular ha permitido determinar que no solamente los desmosomas estarían comprometidos, sino que habría varias proteínas constituyentes tanto de los desmosomas, como de las uniones adherentes, las uniones gap, y los canales iónicos, integradas en una unidad conocida como “área composita”. Ésta constituye una amalgama entre elementos de sostén y canales iónicos que participan en la propagación del potencial de acción, lo que ha permitido desarrollar el concepto de disco intercalar compuesto por los llamados “nodos excitoadhesivos”. Las implicancias clínicas en el desarrollo de arritmias malignas son obvias.
Labor Equity, Gender Violence and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Cardiology Specialists
Authors: Crosa Verónica Lía , Avalos Oddi Alejandra , Verdugo Silvina , Castillo Costa Yanina , Cáceres Leonardo , Rubilar Bibiana
Published: January 2023

Background: Cardiology specialists may suffer from stressors that affect their health, such as labor inequity and gender violence, in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors (RF) for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the level of well-being, labor equity and gender violence and to establish the prevalence of CRF in cardiology specialists in Argentina. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study through an anonymous survey conducted in September 2021 among specialists included in the Argentine Society of Cardiology registry. Data on labor equity, labor and domestic violence and CRF were collected. Results: Six hundred and eleven professionals (40.5% women) participated in the survey: 63% worked more than 44 hours per week; 3 out of 10 were on duty for 12 or 24 hours (38.5% women vs. 28% men, p<0.01). Seventy-two percent of respondents considered the workload excessive while 70% thought their payment was not in accordance with the academic training. Half of female cardiologists surveyed considered that motherhood limited professional development in the specialty. Work-related violence was more frequent in female cardiologists (58% vs. 10% p <0.01), as was domestic violence (16% vs. 6% p <0.01). Men were more overweight (67% men vs. 34% women, p <0.01) and obese (16% vs. 11%, p <0.01) and women were more sedentary (53% vs. 45%, p <0.01). Conclusion: The disconformity in working conditions experienced by both genders was evident, as was the evidence of higher workplace and domestic gender violence in the female specialists surveyed. Despite having knowledge about CVD and cardiovascular RF, the surveyed specialists have a high prevalence of RF.
Comparison of NGSP Certified Methods and their Cost Analysis for Estimation of HbA1c- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mukherjee Bhasker , Hooda Chirag , Singh Virender , Sahu Rajesh , Singh Mukesh U
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major non communicable disease that adversely impacts the health of the global community, contributing significantly to mortality. Estimation of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is an integral component of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of cases of DM as the various protocols have included it for therapy. In order to regularise the estimation of HbA1c, it is mandated by American Diabetes Association (ADA) to perform the test on NGSP certified methods only. Aim: To compare the results of HbA1c analysis by SIEMENS DIMENSION EXL 200 and BIORAD D-10 (NGSP certified methods). Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study done in Department of Biochemistry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, a tertiary care center. One hundred and twenty blood samples in EDTA tubes for haemoglobin variant analysis, received from patients with unexplained anaemia or screening for antenatal care were included in the study. The tests for HbA1c were performed by HPLC based BIORAD D10 and enzymatic based method, SIEMENS DIMENSION EXL 200 analyser. Cost analysis of both the methods was also performed. Students paired t-test was done to look for any significant statistical difference. Kappa coefficient was also calculated to analyse for agreement between values. Results: HbA1c estimation by SIEMENS DIMENSION EXL200 and BIORAD D-10 (both NGSP certified) showed marginally different results, but it was not significant enough to make a clinical difference (5.308% on BIORAD D10 and 5.211% on SIEMENS DIMENSION EXL 200). On performing the cost analysis, there was a significant difference observed with a figure of Rs 476.05/- per test on the SIEMENS DIMENSION EXL200, while it was significantly cheaper at Rs 266/- per test on the BIORAD D10. Conclusion: Estimation of HbA1c on SIEMENS DIMENSION EXL200 and BIORAD D10 was not clinically significant. As per cost analysis, BIORAD D10 is a cheaper alternative and suitable for tertiary care or large volume centres.
Development and Validation of Stroke-specific Shoulder Disability Index: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chatterjee Subhasish , Ali Kamran
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Shoulder difficulties are the most prevalent secondary musculoskeletal dysfunction after stroke, accounting for 34-85% of patients. To resolve these issues, a comprehensive evaluation is necessary. Currently, there is no evaluation instrument that includes all shoulder problems. Aim: To develop and evaluate the content validity of strokespecific shoulder disability index unique to stroke patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a crosssectional content validation study, conducted in a tertiary care hospital from August 2020 to March 2021. Domains included in the scale were muscle tone, pain, subluxation, synergy pattern, active (within synergy, mixed synergy, away from synergy), and passive range of motion, sensation, and Activity of Daily Livings (ADLs) by an exhaustive literature search and direct patient interview. Prior to the construction of the scale, two physiotherapists with relevant field experience were interviewed to identify domains and items. Then, 10 stroke patients were interviewed to generate new items depending on the challenges they experienced. The scale was subsequently sent to a panel of eight experts for content evaluation. Results: Initial production yielded 49 items over 10 domains. On the advice of the reviewers, one item was added to the pain domain after the original Delphi survey round. The first-round I-Content Validity Index (CVI)/Average (Ave) score was 0.97, which was a good content validity score; nevertheless, the second round of the Delphi survey was conducted since reviewers suggested modifying the scoring criteria for some domains. Following any required revisions, the scale was resubmitted to a panel of eight experts for final approval. In the second round, the proposed stroke-specific shoulder disability index achieved an I-CVI/Ave score of 0.98, therefore no extra survey was required. Conclusion: Stroke-specific shoulder disability index was developed and earned a strong validation score. Therefore, the items collected under various domains may be utilised to develop a shoulder impairment index unique to stroke patients.
Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from four Wild Food Fruits
Authors: Konaré Mamadou Abdoulaye , Keita Singou , Somda Marius K. , Togola Issiaka , Diarra Nouhoum , Sanogo Rokia
Published: January 2023

Aims: This study aimed to assess the in vitro antibacterial effects of extracts from four wild food fruits: Balanites aegyptiaca, Saba senegalensis, Ziziphus mauritiana, and Raphia sudanica.

Place and Duration of Study: The samples of plant material were collected at Banamba and Sikasso, Mali between January and May 2018. The bacterial strains were collected at Research Centre for Biological Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN), University Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo; Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The experimental parts were also carried out at CRSBAN from October 2019 to January 2020.

Methodology: The fruit extracts were screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, S. aureus, B. cereus, and L. monocytogenes strains. The diameters of the inhibition zones (ID), the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were evaluated using agar diffusion method.

Results: The findings revealed that these parameters have varied as a function of fruit species and/or their zones of provenances. All fruit extracts showed significant growth reducing effect against all the tested bacteria. The extracts from R. sudanica have exhibited the strongest growth-inhibiting activity specifically against E. coli (ID = 15.33±0.58 mm) and Salmonella typhi (ID = 18.00±1.00 mm) with lower MIC (from 2.08±1.44 to 5.83±1.44 mg/mL). Moreover, the MBC/MIC ratios revealed that the extracts from the studied fruits possess mainly bacteriostatic effects towards the tested strains.

Conclusion: These findings support local therapeutics properties attributed to these fruits. They also demonstrate that, in addition to their nutritional values, these edible fruits could be used for developing antibiotics to treat infectious diseases and food poisoning.
Parasites Associated with Open Markets Vegetables: Implication for Public Health Interventions in Ethiope East, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuella Daphey, Orerhime , Edwin Ito, Edore , Goddey Nmorsi, Onyebiguwa Patrick
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Vegetables have been reported to be a mechanical means of transmission of human intestinal parasites. This study is aimed to ascertain the association between parasites and vegetables sold in Ethiope East, Delta State, Nigeria.

Methods: Two hundred and seventy (270) vegetables were subjected to sedimentation and zinc sulphate floatation techniques for parasitic investigations.

Results: Of the 270 vegetables examined, 184(68.15%) were infected. Talinium occidentalis had the highest prevalence (9.26%), closely followed by Brassica oleracea and Daucus carota with a value of 8.89% and 8.15% respectively. The highest parasite prevalence was observed in Abraka (78.89%), followed by Eku (72.22%) and Okpara water-side (53.33%). Abraka had its highest prevalence in D. carota and Cucumis sativum with a prevalence of 11.11 and 10.00% respectively. Statistically, there was no significant difference in the contaminated vegetable (p > 0.05) but a considerable significant difference was noted in the market locations (p < 0.05). The highest percentage occurrence of parasites was Ascaris lumbricoides with a percentage occurrence of 23.49. The most prevalent parasites in Abraka were A. lumbricoides (45.56%) and Entamoeba histolytica (30.00%). There was significant effect (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of parasites (p = 0.0003; df = 6; F = 11.07) and markets locations (p = 0.0019; df = 2; F = 11.01). The Principal Component Analysis showed that the study locations positively influence the occurrence of parasites with Abraka location accounting for 95.99% of the total variance. The analysis further showed that A. lumbricoides, Trichuris trichura, and hookworm prevalence were strongly correlated to Abraka and Okpara water-side locations.

Conclusion: Given the public health importance of the parasites isolated, there is a need for improved environmental sanitation, personal hygiene and surveillance systems in vegetable transportation, storage and means of displays in Ethiope East and Delta State at large.
Indications for Cerebral CT in Neurological Emergencies in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Is There an Abuse?
Authors: Fadil A. , Lahmini W. , Bourrous M.
Published: January 2023

The CT scan is a common tool in the management of pediatric emergencies, especially in the diagnosis of intracranial pathologies, since it provides rapid responses allowing vital decisions to be made. However, by giving an easy access to this kind of examination calls for caution. The advantages and disadvantages of the CT scan, particularly in the pediatric population, must be carefully assessed.

The polemic about the indication for brain CT and the increase possibility of its prescription motivated this evaluation of professional practices. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of 205 patients for whom brain CT was indicated for a non-traumatic neurological emergency in the pediatric emergency department of the mother-child hospital of the CHU Mohamed VI of Marrakech, over a period of one year. The aim was to describe the conditions for prescribing brain CT, its indications and their compliance with international recommendations, as well as the CT results found and their implications on management.

Our study included 141 patients: 72 boys and 69 girls, with a mean age of 2 years and 3 months (45 days to 15 years) and a sex ratio of 1.04. Seizures were the main cause of consultation (50.4%), followed by headaches (12.8%), motor deficits and consciousness disorders, which represented 11.3% each. Neurological abnormalities were found in 28% of patients (11% hydrocephalus, 6% epilepsy, 4% psychomotor retardation, 3% central nervous system infections, 2% ischemic stroke, 2% intracranial tumors).

Indications for brain CT were dominated by seizures in 38%, HTIC syndrome in 19%, disorders of consciousness in 11%, and neurological deficits in 11%. More than half of the brain CT scans (58%) were considered normal. The CT scans showing abnormalities were related to sequelae or non-evolving pre-existing abnormalities in 25.4%, evolving pre-existing abnormalities in 10.2%, newly discovered abnormalities in 64.4%. Brain MRI was performed in 18% of cases. Among the patients with abnormal brain CT scans, 41% had required emergency medical or surgical intervention. These were intracranial compressive processes, stroke and complicated central nervous system infections.

In our context, we found that 75% of brain CT scans complied with international recommendations, whereas 25% were prescribed despite of the recommendations.

In the light of our study, we assume that the implementation of the guidelines taking into consideration the conditions of each care facility, as well as adapted training for the attending physicians, would help in personalized decision making in pediatric emergencies, and could improve the use of CT among the pediatric population.
Frequency of Scoliosis among School Going Students Carrying Heavy Bags: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Tassawur Misbah , Anayat Mehwish , Abbas Maria , Manzoor Urooj , Gull Moquddas
Published: January 2023

Objective: Scoliosis is structural change that occurs in a diversity of conditions. Development of the scoliosis during time periods of rapid child growth may consequence in severe abnormality. This survey had the purpose to find out the scoliosis frequency among school going students with age 11-16 years and determine possible associations among scoliosis and bodyweight and the bagpacks weight.

Method: A Cross-Sectional study was conducted on 374 students with age of 11-16 years old boys and girls were having no abnormality or any MSK deformity was involved in the survey. All students were monitored by Adam's forward bend test and physical inspection test and for this purpose SRS-22r patient questionnaire was used. All data collected via a questionnaire which coded it into SPSS version 26. Data was constituted in configuration of bar charts, graphs and tables.

Results: This inquiry contains 374 participants, and means weight of students 43.83±11.98, and mean weight of bags 5.21±1.99. The frequency of scoliosis among respondents was 48.66%, 103(27.54%) students were suffering from right Scoliotic hump, and 79(21.12%) have left Scoliotic hump. The frequency of shoulder & scapular asymmetry 73%, uneven hips 19.7%, head deviation 50.8%, body overweight 1.9%, carrying immoderate heavy school bag packs material 4%.

Conclusion: The scoliosis frequency among the sample of school going students was high. The statistical analysis showed that scoliosis was positively correlated with weight of students with statistically significant (p=0.000). No association was found among frequency of scoliosis and bags weigh.
Designing Highly Conductive Sodium‐Based Metal Hydride Nanocomposites: Interplay between Hydride and Oxide Properties
Authors: de Kort Laura M. , Brandt Corstius Oscar E. , Gulino Valerio , Gurinov Andrei , Baldus Marc , Ngene Peter
Published: January 2023

Sodium‐based complex hydrides have recently gained interest as electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries due to their light weight and high electrochemical stability. Although their room temperature conductivities are not sufficiently high for battery application, nanocomposite formation with metal oxides has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the ionic conductivity of complex hydrides. This enhancement is generally attributed to the formation of a space charge layer at the hydride‐oxide interface. However, in this study it is found that the conductivity enhancement results from interface reactions between the metal hydride and the oxide. Highly conductive NaBH4 and NaNH2/oxide nanocomposites are obtained by optimizing the interface reaction, which strongly depends on the interplay between the surface chemistry of the oxides and the reactivity of the metal hydrides. Notably, for NaBH4, the best performance is obtained with Al2O3, while NaNH2/SiO2 is the most conductive NaNH2/oxide nanocomposite with conductivities of, respectively, 4.7 × 10−5 and 2.1 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 80 °C. Detailed structural characterization reveals that this disparity originates from the formation of different tertiary interfacial compounds, and is not only a space charge effect. These results provide useful insights for the preparation of highly conductive nanocomposite electrolytes by optimizing interface interactions.
Density‐Controlled Metal Nanocluster with Modulated Surface for pH‐Universal and Robust Water Splitting
Authors: Shao Xiaodong , Liang Mengfang , Kim Min Gyu , Ajmal Sara , Kumar Ashwani , Liu Xinghui , Jung Hyun Seung , Jin Haiyan , Cao Fengliang , Yu Jianmin , Tran Kim My , Ko Hyun , Lee Jinsun , Bae Jong Wook , Lee Hyoyoung
Published: January 2023

Reducing the particle sizes of transition metals (TMs) and avoiding their aggregation are crucial for increasing the TMs atom utilization and enhancing their industrial potential. However, it is still challenging to achieve uniform distributed and density‐controlled TMs nanoclusters (NCs) under high temperatures due to the strong interatomic metallic bonds and high surface energy of NCs. Herein, a series of TMs NCs with controllable density and nitrogen‐modulated surface are prepared with the assistance of a selected covalent organic polymer (COP), which can provide continuous anchoring sites and size‐limited skeletons. The prepared Ir NCs show superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities than commercial Pt/C and Ir/C in both acid and alkaline media. In particular, the as‐prepared Ir NCs exhibit remarkable full water splitting performance, reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at ultralow overpotentials of 1.42 and 1.43 V in alkaline and acidic electrolyte, respectively. The excellent electrocatalytic activities are attributed to the increased surface atom utilization and the improved intrinsic activity of Ir NCs. More importantly, the Ir NCs catalyst shows superior long‐term stability due to the strong interaction between Ir NCs and the N‐doped carbon layer.
Atomic‐Molecular Engineering Tailoring Graphene Microlaminates to Tune Multifunctional Antennas
Authors: Shu Jin‐Cheng , Cao Mao‐Sheng , Zhang Yan‐Lan , Wang Yu‐Ze , Zhao Quan‐Liang , Fang Xiao‐Yong , Yang Shu‐Hui , Qin Yong , Yuan Jie
Published: January 2023

Atomic‐molecular engineering is an effective way to accurately tailor the microstructures and components of materials at the micro‐nano scale, which can be applied to flexibly manipulate their electromagnetic (EM) response. Herein, graphene microlaminates with multi‐layer structure are fabricated by atomic cluster engineering and oxidative molecular layer deposition for the first time. The microlaminates enable a tunable EM loss (from 0.93 to 3.94 for imaginary permittivity and from 0.17 to 0.25 for imaginary permeability) by changing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) cycles, and the attenuation constant reaches 160. On this basis, multifunctional antennas are conceived, achieving frequency‐selective response that enables steady harvest of > 90% of EM energy from signal source, and tactfully recycling waste heat energy and mechanical energy. This study will furnish a new horizon for information transmission and artificial intelligence in the future.
Modulating Electronic Structure of Atomically Dispersed Nickel Sites through Boron and Nitrogen Dual Coordination Boosts Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Wang Fangqing , Zhang Rui , Zhang Yangyang , Li Ying , Zhang Jun , Yuan Wenhao , Liu Hui , Wang Fei , Xin Huolin L.
Published: January 2023

Atomically dispersed 3D transitional metal active sites with nitrogen coordination anchored on carbon support have emerged as a kind of promising electrocatalyst toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the field of fuel cells and metal–air cells. However, it is still a challenge to accurately modulate the coordination structure of single‐atom metal sites, especially first‐shell coordination, as well as identify the relationship between the geometric/electronic structure and ORR performance. Herein, a carbon‐supported single‐atom nickel catalyst is fabricated with boron and nitrogen dual coordination (denoted as Ni‐B/N‐C). The hard X‐ray absorption spectrum result reveals that atomically dispersed Ni active sites are coordinated with one B atom and three N atoms in the first shell (denoted as Ni‐B1N3). The Ni‐B/N‐C catalyst exhibits a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.87 V versus RHE, along with a distinguished long‐term durability in alkaline media, which is superior to commercial Pt/C. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the Ni‐B1N3 active sites are more favorable for the adsorption of ORR intermediates relative to Ni‐N4, leading to the reduction of thermodynamic barrier and the acceleration of reaction kinetics, which accounts for the increased intrinsic activity.
Making In Vitro Tumor Models Whole Again
Authors: Wu Kenny Zhuoran , Adine Christabella , Mitriashkin Aleksandr , Aw Benjamin Jun Jie , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Fong Eliza Li Shan
Published: January 2023

As a reductionist approach, patient‐derived in vitro tumor models are inherently still too simplistic for personalized drug testing as they do not capture many characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as tumor architecture and stromal heterogeneity. This is especially problematic for assessing stromal‐targeting drugs such as immunotherapies in which the density and distribution of immune and other stromal cells determine drug efficacy. On the other end, in vivo models are typically costly, low‐throughput, and time‐consuming to establish. Ex vivo patient‐derived tumor explant (PDE) cultures involve the culture of resected tumor fragments that potentially retain the intact  TME of the original tumor. Although developed decades ago, PDE cultures have not been widely adopted likely because of their low‐throughput and poor long‐term viability. However, with growing recognition of the importance of patient‐specific TME in mediating drug response, especially in the field of immune‐oncology, there is an urgent need to resurrect these holistic cultures. In this Review, the key limitations of patient‐derived tumor explant cultures are outlined and technologies that have been developed or could be employed to address these limitations are discussed. Engineered holistic tumor explant cultures may truly realize the concept of personalized medicine for cancer patients.
Scalable Fabrication of Dual‐Function Fabric for Zero‐Energy Thermal Environmental Management through Multiband, Synergistic, and Asymmetric Optical Modulations
Authors: Yuan Hao , Liu Ruojuan , Cheng Shuting , Li Wenjuan , Ma Mingyang , Huang Kewen , Li Junliang , Cheng Yi , Wang Kun , Yang Yuyao , Liang Fushun , Tu Ce , Wang Xiaobai , Qi Yue , Liu Zhongfan
Published: January 2023

Solar heating and radiative cooling techniques have been proposed for passive space thermal management to reduce the global energy burden. However, the currently used single‐function envelope/coating materials can only achieve static temperature regulation, presenting limited energy savings and poor adaption to dynamic environments. In this study, a sandwich‐structured fabric, composed of vertical graphene, graphene glass fiber fabric, and polyacrylonitrile nanofibers is developed, with heating and cooling functions integrated through multiband, synergistic, (solar spectrum and mid‐infrared ranges) and asymmetric optical modulations on two sides of the fabric. The dual‐function fabric demonstrates high adaption to the dynamic environment and superior performance in a zero‐energy‐input temperature regulation. Furthermore, it demonstrates ≈15.5 and ≈31.1 MJ m−2 y−1 higher annual energy savings compared to those of their cooling‐only and heating‐only counterparts, corresponding to ≈173.7 MT reduction in the global CO2 emission. The fabric exhibits high scalability for batch manufacturing with commercially abundant raw materials and facile technologies, providing a favorable guarantee of its mass production and use.
Boosting Ferroptosis Therapy with Iridium Single‐Atom Nanocatalyst in Ultralow Metal Content
Authors: Cheng Junjie , Li Li , Jin Duo , Dai Yi , Zhu Yang , Zou Jianhua , Liu Manman , Yu Wenxin , Yu Jiaji , Sun Yongfu , Chen Xiaoyuan , Liu Yangzhong
Published: January 2023

Nanocatalysts are promising tumor therapeutics due to their ability to induce reactive oxygen species in the tumor microenvironment. Although increasing metal loading can improve catalytic activity, the quandary of high metal content versus potential systemic biotoxicity remains challenging. Here, a fully exposed active site strategy by site‐specific anchoring of single iridium (Ir) atoms on the outer surface of a nitrogen‐doped carbon composite (Ir single‐atom catalyst (SAC)) is reported to achieve remarkable catalytic performance at ultralow metal content (≈0.11%). The Ir SAC exhibits prominent dual enzymatic activities to mimic peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase, which catalyzes the conversion of endogenous H2O2 into •OH in the acidic TME and depletes glutathione (GSH) simultaneously. With an advanced support of GSH‐trapping platinum(IV) and encapsulation with a red‐blood‐cell membrane, this nanocatalytic agent (Pt@IrSAC/RBC) causes intense lipid peroxidation that boosts tumor cell ferroptosis. The Pt@IrSAC/RBC demonstrates superior therapeutic efficacy in a mouse triple‐negative mammary carcinoma model, resulting in complete tumor ablation in a single treatment session with negligible side effects. These outcomes may provide valuable insights into the design of nanocatalysts with high performance and biosafety for biomedical applications.
New Observations on Concentration‐Regulated Carbon Dots
Authors: Tang Xiao-Dan , Yu Hong-Mei , Nguyen William , Amador Eric , Cui Shuan-Ping , Ma Ke , Chen Ming-Li , Wang Shao-Yan , Hu Zhi-Zhi , Chen Wei
Published: January 2023

Carbon dots have many new and interesting phenomena and the concentration‐dependent luminescence wavelength is an intriguing one. Luminescent carbon dots have recently gained interest due to their new and interesting phenomena such as its concentration‐dependent peak emission. While there have been reports and discussions on this phenomenon, the mechanism continues to be poorly understood. Herein, new observations on nitrogen–sulfur codoping carbon dots (NSCDs) diluted at different concentrations show that the high concentration of G‐NSCDs (0.2 mg mL−1) emits green fluorescence while the low concentration of B‐NSCDs (0.01 mg mL−1) emits blue fluorescence. It is found that the carbon dot size changes with the particle concentration: the high concentration of G‐NSCDs is about 37 nm in size while the low concentration of B‐NSCDs is only about 1.8 nm in size. Therefore, it is clearly demonstrated that the emission wavelength is related to the particle size. These interesting behaviors open a door for the exploration of new materials with novel potential.
Insight into the Anchoring Effect of Two‐Dimensional TiX2 (X = S, Se) Materials for Sodium–Sulfur Batteries: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Zheng Yunxin , Wang Yanwen , Xiao Jianrong , Xu Liang , Dai Xueqiong , Wang Zhiyong
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a monolayer of TiX2 (X = S, Se) is used to suppress the shuttle effect of polysulfides, thereby accelerating the kinetic process of lower‐order polysulfides. The results show that the adsorption energies of the studied TiX2 for Na2Sn are all better than those of common electrolytes, and the effect of adsorption on the structure of Na2Sn is negligible. The calculated results show that the anchoring behavior of TiX2 to Na2Sn has no effect on the metallic properties of pristine TiX2. On the other hand, the introduction of this material can reduce the diffusion barrier energy of Na2S and improve the utilization rate of sulfur more effectively. In conclusion, TiX2 has suitable adsorption strength, enhances electrical conductivity, and promotes the oxidative decomposition process of polysulfides. It can be theoretically demonstrated that TiS2 is better than TiSe2 in improving the performance of sodium–sulfur batteries and is more suitable as an anchoring material (AM) for sodium–sulfur batteries.
Flourishing Antibacterial Strategies for Osteomyelitis Therapy
Authors: Wang Xukai , Zhang Mingran , Zhu Tongtong , Wei Qiuhua , Liu Guangyao , Ding Jianxun
Published: January 2023

Osteomyelitis is a destructive disease of bone tissue caused by infection with pathogenic microorganisms. Because of the complex and long‐term abnormal conditions, osteomyelitis is one of the refractory diseases in orthopedics. Currently, anti‐infective therapy is the primary modality for osteomyelitis therapy in addition to thorough surgical debridement. However, bacterial resistance has gradually reduced the benefits of traditional antibiotics, and the development of advanced antibacterial agents has received growing attention. This review introduces the main targets of antibacterial agents for treating osteomyelitis, including bacterial cell wall, cell membrane, intracellular macromolecules, and bacterial energy metabolism, focuses on their mechanisms, and predicts prospects for clinical applications.
Molecular‐Layer‐Deposited Zincone Films Induce the Formation of LiF‐Rich Interphase for Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Chang Shaozhong , Fang Jiabin , Liu Kai , Shen Zihan , Zhu Lin , Jin Xin , Zhang Xuejin , Hu Chaoquan , Zhang Huigang , Li Ai‐dong
Published: January 2023

Lithium metal anodes suffer from low Coulombic efficiency and dendritic growth owing to an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which limit the practical applications of lithium metal anodes. Here, zincone (ZnHQ) is conformally fabricated on 3D copper nanowires (CuNWs) via a molecular layer deposition (MLD) technology. Upon polarization, the terminal oxygen of ZnHQ serves as a strong nucleophilic agent to attack Li bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, yielding a LiF‐rich SEI. This SEI facilitates the Li transport, shuts off the electron conduction, and inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites. In addition, the zinc atoms of ZnHQ induce favorable Li deposition owing to their lithiophilicity. These advantages enabled by MLD make the ZnHQ‐modified CuNW (CuNW@ZnHQ) an ideal Li metal anode, which demonstrates excellent cyclability. A symmetrical cell of CuNW@ZnHQ shows high cycling stability for more than 7000 h at the current density of 1 mA cm−2. When pairing with a Ni/Co/Mn ternary oxide cathode (NCM523), the resultant CuNW@ZnHQ||NCM full cell is cycled for 1000 cycles with a 90% capacity retention at an areal capacity of 3.2 mAh cm−2. The MLD technology brings new opportunities for next‐generation high‐energy Li metal batteries.
A generalized zoning framework for development of CFD‐based reduced‐order compartment models
Authors: Liu Guanyang , Wilhite Benjamin A.
Published: January 2023

While computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based compartment models have gained popularity as a cost‐effective alternative to full CFD modeling of complex mixing systems, model development involves significant trial‐and‐error efforts. This work presents a generalized zoning framework for the streamlined development of CFD‐based compartment models with detailed characterization of the reduced‐order representation of the flow physics. With a stirred tank as an illustrative case, reduced‐order model for species transport and heat transfer with turbulent flow is derived, followed by introducing the generalized zoning framework to demonstrate how a reduced‐order compartment model can be constructed based on a simplified CFD simulation. A test case of mixing two miscible thermal fluids is used to evaluate the CFD‐based compartment model. The results demonstrate that the proposed zoning framework exhibits an accurate representation of the CFD simulation of hydrodynamics and demonstrates capabilities of capturing species and heat transfer in turbulent flow systems with complex geometric configurations.
Deep Learning‐Based Multiomics Data Integration Methods for Biomedical Application
Authors: Wen Yuqi , Zheng Linyi , Leng Dongjin , Dai Chong , Lu Jing , Zhang Zhongnan , He Song , Bo Xiaochen
Published: January 2023

The innovation of high‐throughput technologies and medical radiomics allows biomedical data to accumulate at an astonishing rate. Several promising deep learning (DL) methods are developed to integrate multiomics data generated from a large number of samples. Herein, a comprehensive survey is conducted and the state‐of‐the‐art DL‐based multiomics data integration methods in the biomedical field are reviewed. These methods are classified into six categories according to their model framework, and the specific applicable scenarios of each category are summarized in five biomedicine aspects. DL‐based methods offer opportunities for disentangling biomolecular mechanisms in biomedical applications. There are, however, limitations with these methods, such as missing data problem and “black‐box” nature. A discussion of some of the recommendations for these challenges is ended.
Residual energy dispersal fracturing: A newly proposed term for fractures propagating from sharp‐force trauma
Authors: Tamminen Heather M. , Ford Andrew L. J. , Welham Kate , Loe Louise , Webb Helen , Boyle Angela , Smith Martin J.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The identification and interpretation of skeletal trauma is an important topic in osteoarchaeology, forensic anthropology and palaeosciences. Trauma analysis is a fast‐moving sub‐discipline with constantly evolving methodological approaches. This paper describes the process of a particular form of fracturing that propagates specifically from the floor of cut marks and proposes new terminology for this subset of fractures.

Materials and Methods

This terminological gap was identified during the re‐examination of remains from a minimum of 52 decapitated individuals (52 post‐cranial and 47 cranial remains) found in a mass grave from the 10th–11th century CE on Ridgeway Hill near Weymouth in Dorset (UK) in 2009. Originally analyzed by Oxford Archaeology Ltd., all individuals in this collection were re‐appraised using digital technology to test new techniques for this study.

Results

During this investigation, it has become apparent that the length of chop marks can be overestimated during some conventional analysis because the chop transitions into a fracture propagating from the floor of the chop mark.

Discussion

To increase awareness of these fractures, the term residual energy dispersal (RED) fractures is proposed as these are distinct from other radiating fractures arising from sharp‐blunt‐force trauma. The ability to distinguish RED fractures from others has the potential to contribute to the identification of previously unidentified chop marks and to the interpretation of events surrounding an injury.