bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maryse Condé
Authors: Makward Christiane
Published: September 2015

Christiane M AKWARD poursuit une réflexion sur l’emploi de stratégies ironiques et ludiques dans les cinq derniers romans en particulier. Elle montre que l’on risque de se tromper si l’on ignore les positions de la romancière elle-même et ses mises en garde contre les lectures politiquement correctes et trop sérieuses de son œuvre. L’ironie, définie comme un décalage entre le message et sa signification, est une stratégie fondamentale de cette auteure.
Maryse Condé
Authors: Vanborre Emmanuelle
Published: September 2015

Emmanuelle V ANBORRE analyse Traversée de la mangrove en faisant référence à Solibo Magnifique de Patrick Chamoiseau pour montrer comment ces deux textes véhiculent des conceptions différentes de la littérature. Le dialogue entre Condé et Chamoiseau permet de cerner une approche particulière de l’écrit condéen qui diverge des diktats de la Créolité et permet l’inscription de la différence, du questionnement, des complexités de l’individu et du monde.
Maryse Condé
Authors: Tolbert Lyons Leah
Published: September 2015

Leah T OLBERT L YONS explore le lien entre parole transgressive et acte transgressif en analysant le pouvoir transformateur de la parole dans Traversée de la mangrove à travers les récits témoignages des femmes, ainsi que le changement qui s’opère en elles lors de leur rencontre avec Sancher, les conduisant à braver les contraintes imposées par la société et à se libérer des rôles qui leur avait été échus.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Moulard-Kouka Sophie
Published: September 2015

Le travail qu’Alain Ricard a entrepris dans les années 70 a contribué à voir émerger un champ de recherche aujourd’hui en plein essor : celui des cultures populaires et des pratiques performatives en Afrique subsaharienne. Il s’est intéressé notamment à leur aspect textuel, aux ressources langagières qu’elles mettent en œuvre, non seulement comme expression d’une poétique, mais aussi comme discours prononcé sur la société. Consécutivement à une réflexion sur la définition de ce champ et sur sa terminologie, je m’attacherai à montrer quel est l’intérêt de poursuivre dans cette voie. Les pratiques performatives sont le lieu d’une énonciation du politique et d’une mise en scène des rapports de pouvoir, qu’il est intéressant d’analyser dans les textes, dans la poïétique et dans la performance. Je présenterai enfin de manière ethnographique le cas du rap dakarois, sur lequel j’ai mené une longue enquête de terrain.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Englert Birgit
Published: September 2015

Le Bongo Flava , actuellement la musique la plus populaire en Tanzanie, ne se limite plus à Dar es-Salaam, la métropole tanzanienne où ce genre basé sur le hip-hop a commencé dans les années 1990. Partout dans le pays, des jeunes qui se regardent comme faisant partie de « la nouvelle génération » écrivent eux-mêmes des textes ( mashairi ) en Swahili. Bien que peu entre eux réussissent à enregistrer une chanson ou même à être écoutés à la radio ou à la télévision, ces chansons, et de plus en plus aussi des vidéos, circulent au niveau local et y sont bien connues et mémorisées. Cette contribution offre une description du contexte de la production de ces produits culturels au sud de la Tanzanie, dans les petites villes de Masasi (région Mtwara) et de Nachingwea (région Lindi) où les jeunes (presque exclusivement des hommes) adoptent les possibilités offertes par les nouvelles technologies pour se faire écouter, surtout par les générations de leurs parents et grands-parents. Ainsi, ils ne changent pas seulement les relations entre les générations, mais aussi la géographie culturelle du pays en transformant des lieux considérés comme « périphériques » du point de vue géographique et économique en centres locaux de production de la culture populaire.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Amegbleame Simon Aghéko
Published: September 2015

Ku Le Xome , premier roman de la littérature éwé, présente la particularité d’être une énigme policière. Le détective Agbeko enquête sur un double meurtre, découvre et châtie les coupables. En raison de son statut et de ses caractéristiques formelles l’œuvre procure du plaisir au lecteur et présente l’intérêt de montrer les motivations secrètes des actions humaines. Par ailleurs, le roman se fait témoin de la société et révèle comme dans un miroir les préoccupations d’un groupe spécifique. Enfin, Ku Le Xome s’inscrit dans ce qu’on peut appeler la tradition de la littérature éwé résolument marquée par ses origines religieuses, qui se caractérise par une tendance à la moralisation chrétienne.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Derive Jean
Published: September 2015

Cette contribution s’intéresse, dans un esprit comparatiste, aux analogies transculturelles, dans le temps et dans l’espace (mais aussi à leurs limites) à propos de certaines notions de l’histoire littéraire générale. C’est ainsi qu’y est examiné dans quelle mesure le concept d’« idéal classique », né dans le contexte de la culture occidentale à une certaine époque, peut aussi s’avérer pertinent, lorsqu’il est appliqué à un terrain africain d’une autre époque, pour aider à comprendre certaines aspirations de la production littéraire en cette zone de culture spécifique. Sont notamment abordées les questions de l’idéal mimétique et de l’aspiration à l’universel, qui ont été les deux composantes essentielles d’un tel concept en Occident, afin d’examiner comment elles se posent dans ce nouveau contexte géopolitique.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Nzabatsinda Anthère
Published: September 2015

Si l’on tient compte de l’évolution des recherches sur l’Afrique et que l’on envisage un rapprochement entre l’anthropologie et les études littéraires, le travail de l’écrivain du Rwanda, l’abbé Alexis Kagame, montre avec pertinence la perspective à la fois philologique et territoriale de son œuvre. Et c’est un sens similaire qu’Alain Ricard a souligné dans son étude consacrée au processus de passage « des langues aux livres ». Notre contribution au présent volume d’hommage pour l’africaniste Alain Ricard voudrait donner quelques exemples du travail d’Alexis Kagame, écrivain de la tradition africaine, artisan philologue, entre autres, de la langue et de la littérature poétique du territoire culturel, anthropologique et littéraire du Rwanda.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Rubiales Lourdes
Published: September 2015

La réédition de la « partie espagnole » des Voyages du P. Labat de l’ordre des FF. Prêcheurs en Espagne et en Italie (1730), sous le titre Viaje por Andalucía , s’est tout d’abord présentée comme un prétexte pour voyager dans le temps dans une ville que Labat avait connue trois cents ans avant Alain Ricard, ce grand voyageur moderne. Pourtant, la lecture de la traduction et du paratexte hétéroclite qui composent l’édition andalouse a vite laissé apparaître des perspectives d’analyse autrement intéressantes pour le chercheur en littérature. Les lignes qui suivent se proposent de reconstruire, à travers les pistes fournies par cette édition, l’histoire éditoriale du texte, ce qui permettra de repérer quelques jalons dans le processus de reclassement de son auteur au XX e siècle. À l’horizon de cette étude se pose la question, toujours controversée, des frontières du « littéraire ».
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Mangeon Anthony
Published: September 2015

Cet « exercice d’admiration » (Cioran) chemine d’Alain Locke à Alain Ricard et, en retraçant leurs itinéraires respectifs, tâche d’indiquer quelles voies communes ils ont pu ouvrir dans les études africaines. Après quelques données factuelles (formation pluridisciplinaire, expérience africaine, activités éditoriales...), j’examine certaines convergences scientifiques : semblablement marqués par l’anthropologie culturelle, les deux auteurs ont transformé l’étude des littératures noires en insistant sur leurs multiples héritages et en les abordant, dans le même temps, avec une ambition presque encyclopédique. On retiendra notamment leur contribution à la critique théâtrale. Dans leur attention à des littératures ou à des expressions souvent jugées mineures car inédites dans leur champ d’apparition, Locke et Ricard partagent un même don à identifier la nouveauté là où d’autres ne voient que du semblable ou de l’inférieur. En définitive, leurs points communs – au-delà de leurs différences manifestes – démentent les racialisations ou les sexualisations outrancières de la pensée qui colorent et orientent aujourd’hui tant d’études critiques.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Halen Pierre
Published: September 2015

Dans le contexte d’une globalisation que les mondes coloniaux puis postcoloniaux ont vu se développer, les littératures se font écho sans qu’il y ait eu nécessairement d’influences entre elles ; en réalité, elles participent d’un univers devenu partiellement commun, structuré par des questionnements, des discours, des symbolisations qui sont devenues planétaires. Il en va ainsi dans la construction de figures royales féminines chez trois auteurs qui sont ici pris à témoin : Kane, Le Clézio, Bauchau.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Delas Daniel
Published: September 2015

Édouard Glissant nous invite à penser le monde dans sa totalité et à écrire « en présence de toutes les langues ». Les concepts qu’il nous propose permettent-ils d’avancer sur les terrains africains ? Divers exemples en font douter, empruntés tant aux espaces imaginaires antérieurs, européens ou méditerranéens, qu’aux nouveaux espaces africains qui nous invitent à mieux inventorier le réel des univers continentaux pour proposer d’y ajuster notre réflexion critique.
L'Afrique noire dans les imaginaires antillais
Authors: Rochmann Marie-Christine
Published: September 2015

Résumé L’Afrique dans l’œuvre romanesque d’Édouard Glissant L’histoire littéraire ayant décrit le passage de la négritude à l’antillanité comme un « recentrement » de la littérature antillaise sur les Antilles, cet article examine ce qu’il reste d’Afrique dans l’œuvre romanesque d’Édouard Glissant. C’est de fait bien une marginalisation, un « excentrement » du continent d’origine qui s’effectue dans les premières œuvres : limitée à des figurations symboliques dans La Lézarde , appréhendée dans sa seule relation avec les Antilles et comme lieu du « péché originel » dans Le Quatrième siècle, oubliée mais présupposée dans Malemort. L’Afrique s’impose néanmoins au cœur de La Case du commandeur , pour incarner un « désiré historique » avant de s’éclipser quasiment totalement dans Mahagony . La seconde période des œuvres glissantiennes, axées sur le Tout-Monde, procèdera, elle, à une remédiation de cette relative absence, par un certain réalisme historico-géographique dans Tout-Monde et par une nouvelle figuration mythique dans Sartorius .
L'Afrique noire dans les imaginaires antillais
Authors: Buchanan Sarah B.
Published: September 2015

Résumé Cet article analyse comment Simone Schwarz-Bart épouse certains des postulats de la Négritude dans Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle, surtout lorsqu’elle utilise l’image de la femme-terre pour définir la pierre angulaire d’une identité panafricaine. Mais si ce roman rappelle la Négritude et emploie abondamment cette métaphore, il conteste le discours essentialiste qui mettrait l’Afrique au centre de l’identité guadeloupéenne. En particulier Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle contredit l’idéologie inhérente au symbole de l’Afrique-matrice, qui figure la terre et la femme comme anhistoriques et fixes, pour y substituer l’idée d’une fluidité identitaire commune aux deux instances. Au bout du compte, c’est cette aptitude à la mutabilité qui permet aux personnages féminins de devenir des personnages complexes, capables de s’adapter aux aleas de la vie et de surmonter les adversités qu’elles rencontrent.
L'Afrique noire dans les imaginaires antillais
Authors: Nkunzimana Obed
Published: September 2015

Résumé Dans le roman abordé, l’évocation de l’Afrique se profile sur deux plans : il s’agit d’une Afrique maléfique, associée à la Malédiction originelle qu’est la Traite, tragédie aussi incompréhensible qu’irréparable. Se dessine aussi, derrière l’évocation de ce crime fondateur des Antilles auquel une certaine Afrique a participé, une amertume sourde face à la trahison de la part d’une terre matrice à jamais figée dans cet acte coupable initial. Au mieux, est évoquée une Afrique sexualisée, mais aussi mystique et ésotérique, dont la fierté guerrière et les héros légendaires, de Chaka à Lumumba et à Mandela, sont inspirants. Même si ce roman évoque une africanité recyclable en un nouveau matériau de ressourcement et de « refondation » des destins individuels et collectifs des Antilles, malgré la tentative de transfigurer cette « mémoire obscure » pour en faire une épopée et, par moments, un morceau d’exotisme flamboyant, l’imagerie d’une Afrique maudite, irrémédiablement rattachée à l’« enfer génésique », reste prédominante.
Queering the media mix: The female gaze in Japanese fan comics
Authors: Hemmann Kathryn
Published: September 2015

The Japanese expression "media mix" refers to multimedia marketing strategies for entertainment franchises. Although such franchises are commonly understood as being controlled by large corporations, the fans of these media properties make significant contributions to the mix, often expanding on the central themes of the source texts and queering them by rendering their subtexts explicit. In dōjinshi, or self-published fan comics, female readers create their own interpretations of stories, characters, and relationships in narratives targeted at a male demographic. In boys' love (BL) fan comics, which are notable for their focus on a romantic and often physical relationship between two male characters, the female gaze has created its own overtly homoerotic readings and interpretations that creatively subvert the phallocentrism implicit in many mainstream narratives. The interactions between texts and their readers found in dōjinshi illustrate how cycles of narrative production and consumption have changed in the face of active fan cultures. Because of the closely interrelated nature of the components of increasingly international media mixes, communities of fans have the potential to make positive and progressive contributions to the media mix ecosystem.
Writing the pregnant man
Authors: Ingram-Waters Mary
Published: September 2015

This article explores how an online community of female fans of Harry Potter creates and maintains scientific and medical knowledge of a novel reproductive technology, male pregnancy. In an effort to illuminate the mechanisms of fandom, I show how fandom participants collectively work to ensure the maintenance of standards for fan products and in doing so also selectively reinforce particular tropes about how male pregnancy is portrayed. Fans' validation of some male pregnancy variations over others results in a fascinating yet recognizable set of fictional reproductive technologies that both queer and accommodate normative gender and sexuality roles.
Affective fan experiences of Lady Gaga
Authors: Dilling-Hansen Lise
Published: September 2015

The fandom of Lady Gaga is, like other fandoms, defined by its affective attachment to the object of fandom. However, if one asks the fans of Gaga why she is more appealing than other stars, they would be likely to highlight the personal investment and attachment of Lady Gaga herself and thus the mutuality of the relation. In order to examine this relation, which is experienced as equal despite being patently unbalanced, I investigate affective states of fandom through the lens of the experience economy on the levels of staging, co-creation, and self-direction in the experience of Lady Gaga and argue that authenticity, interaction, and empowerment are key elements of the fandom in question. Also, I discuss the personal investments of the fans and argue that the unwritten rules and norms of fandoms, as well as the hunt for positive affect, can trigger states of negative affect. The article is based on online as well as off-line ethnography.
Dead links, vaporcuts, and creativity in fan edit replication
Authors: Wille Joshua
Published: September 2015

In my examination of a Star Wars prequel trilogy fan edit reportedly made by Topher Grace, I introduce the term vaporcut to describe fan edits with reputations that may generate critical discourse but that are not publicly released. I explore the ways some fan editors attempt to recreate intangible projects but inevitably produce variant works that reflect their own creative perspectives.
Mimetic fandom and one-sixth-scale action figures
Authors: Godwin Victoria
Published: September 2015

Within material practices that emphasize reproduction, customizers often extrapolate, creating new material to fill in gaps. Bricolage transforms mass-produced items into individualized creative works by improving the perceived accuracy of licensed merchandise or by recycling and repurposing items to achieve realistic and imaginative results. Customization's material fan practices reproduce items in order to create transformative narratives. After duplicating a beloved fan object's definitive appearance, clothing, and/or accessories in one-sixth scale, customizers often pose and photograph action figures in recreations of iconic scenes. Other images and photostories use miniature reproductions of material objects to rework existing media texts and characters or to tell completely original narratives. Images also disrupt and deconstruct the valorization of accuracy. Living rooms, pets, and other aspects of everyday life intrude into photographs of accurately reproduced items and characters. Figures in photostories may be made to break character. Such transformative moments call attention to the toys' status as toys and to the constructed nature of poses, dioramas, and narratives.
The Levels of the Lectin Pathway Serine Protease MASP-1 and Its Complex Formation with C1 Inhibitor Are Linked to the Severity of Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: Hansen Cecilie Bo , Csuka Dorottya , Munthe-Fog Lea , Varga Lilian , Farkas Henriette , Hansen Karin Møller , Koch Claus , Skjødt Karsten , Garred Peter , Skjoedt Mikkel-Ole
Published: September 2015

C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) is known to form complexes with the lectin complement pathway serine proteases MASP-1 and MASP-2. Deficiency of C1-INH is associated with hereditary angioedema (HAE), an autosomal inherited disease characterized by swelling attacks caused by elevated levels of bradykinin. MASP-1 was shown to cleave high m.w. kininogen into bradykinin; therefore, we hypothesized that MASP-1 levels and the quantity of MASP-1/C1-INH complexes might be associated with different paraclinical and clinical outcomes of HAE. We measured MASP-1 serum concentrations and endogenous MASP-1/C1-INH complex levels in 128 HAE patients and 100 controls. Relatively high levels of pre-existing MASP-1/C1-INH complexes were observed in normal serum, and we found that both the serum levels of MASP-1 and the complex formation between MASP-1 and C1-INH were significantly reduced in HAE patients compared with matched controls (p < 0.0001). The level of MASP-1 and MASP-1/C1-INH complexes in HE patients correlated with the level of C1-INH (p = 0.0009 and p = 0.0047, respectively), the level of C4 (p = 0.0084 and p < 0.0001, respectively), and the number of attacks in the year of blood sampling (p = 0.0075 and p = 0.0058, respectively). In conclusion, we show that MASP-1/C1-INH complexes circulate in normal human blood. The levels of MASP-1 and MASP-1/C1-INH complexes are reduced in HAE patients compared with controls. Both MASP-1 and MASP-1/C1-INH complexes are related to the degree of complement C4 consumption, as well as the severity of disease. These results suggest that MASP-1 may exert a previously unrecognized role in the pathophysiology of HAE.
The BLT1 Inhibitory Function of α-1 Antitrypsin Augmentation Therapy Disrupts Leukotriene B4 Neutrophil Signaling
Authors: O’Dwyer Ciara A. , O’Brien M. Emmet , Wormald Mark R. , White Michelle M. , Banville Nessa , Hurley Killian , McCarthy Cormac , McElvaney Noel G. , Reeves Emer P.
Published: September 2015

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) contributes to many inflammatory diseases, including genetic and nongenetic forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. α-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (AATD) is characterized by destruction of lung parenchyma and development of emphysema, caused by low AAT levels and a high neutrophil burden in the airways of affected individuals. In this study we assessed whether AATD is an LTB4-related disease and investigated the ability of serum AAT to control LTB4 signaling in neutrophils. In vitro studies demonstrate that neutrophil elastase is a key player in the LTB4 inflammatory cycle in AATD, causing increased LTB4 production, and associated BLT1 membrane receptor expression. AATD patients homozygous for the Z allele were characterized by increased neutrophil adhesion and degranulation responses to LTB4. We demonstrate that AAT can bind LTB4 and that AAT/LTB4 complex formation modulates BLT1 engagement and downstream signaling events, including 1,4,5-triphosphate production and Ca2+ flux. Additionally, treatment of ZZ-AATD individuals with AAT augmentation therapy decreased plasma LTB4 concentrations and reduced levels of membrane-bound neutrophil elastase. Collectively, these results provide a mechanism by which AAT augmentation therapy impacts on LTB4 signaling in vivo, and not only reinforces the utility of this therapy for resolving inflammation in AATD, but supports useful future clinical applications in treatment of other LTB4-related diseases.
Composition, Development, and Function of Uterine Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Doisne Jean-Marc , Balmas Elisa , Boulenouar Selma , Gaynor Louise M. , Kieckbusch Jens , Gardner Lucy , Hawkes Delia A. , Barbara Cynthia F. , Sharkey Andrew M. , Brady Hugh J. M. , Brosens Jan J. , Moffett Ashley , Colucci Francesco
Published: September 2015

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including NK cells, contribute to barrier immunity and tissue homeostasis. In addition to the role of uterine NK cells in placentation and fetal growth, other uterine ILCs (uILCs) are likely to play roles in uterine physiology and pathology. In this article, we report on the composition of uILCs in the endometrium during the luteal phase and in the decidua during early pregnancy. Whereas nonkiller uILC1s and uILC2s are barely detectable in mouse and not detected in humans, a sizeable population of uILC3s is found in human endometrium and decidua, which are mostly NCR+ and partially overlap with previously described IL-22–producing uterine NK cells. Development of mouse uILC3 is Nfil3 independent, suggesting unique features of uILCs. Indeed, although the cytokine production profile of mouse uILCs recapitulates that described in other tissues, IL-5, IL-17, and IL-22 are constitutively produced by uILC2s and uILC3s. This study lays the foundation to understand how ILCs function in the specialized uterine mucosa, both in tissue homeostasis and barrier immunity and during pregnancy.
Acute-Phase Deaths from Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis Are Characterized by Innate Immune Suppression Rather Than Exhaustion
Authors: Chiswick Evan L. , Mella Juan R. , Bernardo John , Remick Daniel G.
Published: September 2015

Sepsis, a leading cause of death in the United States, has poorly understood mechanisms of mortality. To address this, our model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis stratifies mice as predicted to Live (Live-P) or Die (Die-P) based on plasma IL-6. Six hours post-CLP, both Live-P and Die-P groups have equivalent peritoneal bacterial colony forming units and recruitment of phagocytes. By 24 h, however, Die-P mice have increased bacterial burden, despite increased neutrophil recruitment, suggesting Die-P phagocytes have impaired bacterial killing. Peritoneal cells were used to study multiple bactericidal processes: bacterial killing, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and phagocytosis. Total phagocytosis and intraphagosomal processes were determined with triple-labeled Escherichia coli, covalently labeled with ROS- and pH-sensitive probes, and an ROS/pH-insensitive probe for normalization. Although similar proportions of Live-P and Die-P phagocytes responded to exogenous stimuli, Die-P phagocytes showed marked deficits in all parameters measured, thus suggesting immunosuppression rather than exhaustion. This contradicts the prevailing sepsis paradigm that acute-phase sepsis deaths (<5 d) result from excessive inflammation, whereas chronic-phase deaths (>5 d) are characterized by insufficient inflammation and immunosuppression. These data suggest that suppression of cellular innate immunity in sepsis occurs within the first 6 h.
Cutting Edge: Resident Memory CD8 T Cells Express High-Affinity TCRs
Authors: Frost Elizabeth L. , Kersh Anna E. , Evavold Brian D. , Lukacher Aron E.
Published: September 2015

Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells serve as vanguards of antimicrobial host defense in nonlymphoid tissues, particularly at barrier epithelia and in organs with nonrenewable cell types (e.g., brain). In this study, we asked whether an augmented ability to sense Ag complemented their role as early alarms of pathogen invasion. Using mouse polyomavirus, we show that brain-resident mouse polyomavirus–specific CD8 T cells, unlike memory cells in the spleen, progressively increase binding to MHC class I tetramers and CD8 coreceptor expression. Using the two-dimensional micropipette adhesion-frequency assay, we show that TRM cells in brain, as well as in kidney, express TCRs with up to 20-fold higher affinity than do splenic memory T cells, whereas effector cells express TCRs of similar high affinity in all organs. Together, these data demonstrate that TRM cells retain high TCR affinity, which endows them with the high Ag sensitivity needed for front-line defense against infectious agents.
Devonian spores and conodonts of Melville and Bathurst islands, District of Franklin
Authors: McGregor D C , Uyeno T T
Published: September 2015

Devonian spores and conodonts have been obtained from two measured sections on southeastern Melville Island and northeastern Bathurst Island, in the Franklinian Miogeosyncline of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Six successive spores Assemblages of Siegenian to
Famennian age are distinguished in the Bathurst Island, Stuart Bay, Eids, Blue Fiord, Bird Fiord, Weatherall, Hecla Bay, and Griper Bay Formations . Correlations are possible with Devonian spores of eastern Canada, Spitsbergen, Scotland, Germany, and the western U.S.S.R. Conodonts were recovered
from questionable samples of the Bathurst Island Formation, and from the Stuart Bay, Eids, Blue Fiord, and Bird Fiord Formations on Bathurst Island. These fossils range in age from early Siegenian through late Givetian. Conodonts are sparsely present in the mainly nonmarine clastic units of the
Weatherall and Griper Bay Formations of Melville Island, the latter formation yielding a few late Upper Devonian elements. These conodonts are compared with those reported from elsewhere in North America notably the Royal Creek sections of the Yukon Territory, and from classical western European
sections in Belgium and Germany.
Reconnaissance geology, southern Great Bear Plain, District of Mackenzie
Authors: Balkwill H R
Published: September 2015

Cambrian, Ordovician and Devonian shallow-marine, elastic and carbonate rocks, estimated to be about 2, 500 feet thick, unconformably overlie Hudsonian crystalline basement and Proterozoic sedimentary rocks in the southern part of Great Bear Plain and contiguous
parts of Great Slave Plain; depositional relief on the sub-Paleozoic unconformity locally is as great as 1, 100 feet at the margin of Great Bear Plain. The Paleozoic succession is unconformably overlain by very poorly exposed Cretaceous (mainly Upper Cretaceous) shale, mudstone, sandstone, and
lignite, ranging in estimated thickness from a few hundred feet in southern and central sectors to about 2, 000 feet in the northwest. Quaternary glacial drift and alluvium obscure bedrock, particularly in the western part of the region. Exposed Phanerozoic rocks in the eastern parts of Great Bear
and Great Slave Plains are flat lying to gently dipping, although unconformities at the base of the Cambrian, Upper Ordovician, Devonian, and Cretaceous successions indicate significant cratonic epeirogenesis. In contrast, folded and faulted Paleozoic rocks in the western part of Great Bear Plain
indicate tectogenesis of the type associated with 'Laran1ide 1 structures in the Franklin Mountains and Colville Hills
Benutting van liturgiese ruimte in Pinksterkerke
Authors: Nel Marius
Published: September 2015

Utilisation of liturgical space in Pentecostal Churches. Afrikaans-speaking Pentecostal Churches were originally part of a revival movement that for various historical reasons chose not to be known as a church. The liturgical space in their churches reflected the anticlerical feeling. From the fifties of the previous century, however, it became important for Pentecostal Churches to be accepted as such within the community and the church world. This led to changes in the organisation of the liturgical space that began to duplicate the liturgical space of the three Afrikaans-speaking Sister churches to a large extent. From the nineties pulpits were replaced with a lectern, and the liturgical space adapted to reflect a new emphasis that became important for these churches. This article briefly examines the history of the use of liturgical space within Pentecostal Churches for the purpose of offering a theological reflection on current trends.
Stroke outcome after domiciliary use of opioids in the peri-stroke period
Authors: Juneja Shivani , Gupta Kanchan , Singla Monika , Singh Gagandeep , Kaushal Sandeep
Published: September 2015

Background: Stroke affects large number of people worldwide resulting in disability. The people in the northern region of India follow some domiciliary practices, which include administration of opioids at the onset of stroke to retard its progression. Aim: To study the effect of opioids on the outcome and severity of stroke when used as domiciliary treatment in peri-stroke period. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study on stroke patients was carried out in Department of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India from March 2012 to March 2013. Data were collected in a semi-structured proforma. The variables which were studied included socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, religion, socio-economic status, and place of inhabitation. The time of opioid administration, approximate amount administered, frequency of administration, duration of hospital stay, risk factors and co-morbid conditions were also studied. The stroke severity was analyzed by comparing National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and outcome by comparing Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score in both the groups at the time of admission and at the time of discharge. Results: Out of n = 100 recruited patients, n = 44 (Group A) reported opioid intake in the peri-stroke period and n = 56 (Group B) did not. Proportions of patients from rural areas were 61.4% in Group A and 37.5% in Group B. Mean age in groups A and B was 63 ± 9.15 and 59.8 ± 13.87 years, respectively; in these groups male proportions were 70.5% and 60.7%, respectively. At admission, mean NIHSS scores in Groups A and B were 10.0 ± 4.48 and 10.8 ± 4.51, respectively; on discharge, these scores were 6.3 ± 3.83 and 7.7 ± 3.79, respectively. At admission, mean MRS scores in Groups A and B were 3.7 ± 1.14 and 3.8 ± 1.32, respectively; upon discharge, these scores were 2.8 ± 1.18, 3.1 ± 1.23 respectively. Conclusion: In this cohort, we found that the domiciliary practice of opioids administration in the peri-stroke period is more common among the elderly and in the rural areas. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean NIHSS and MRS scores at admission as well as discharge implying that the opioid administration did not improve outcome or decrease the severity of the stroke. Our findings are robust enough to propose a larger sample size and follow-up in future studies to definitively ascertain the effect of opioids as pretreatment in stroke patients.
Influence of hydrotherapy on clinical and cardiac autonomic function in migraine patients
Authors: Sujan M. U. , Rao M. Raghavendra , Kisan Ravikiran , Abhishekh Hulegar A. , Nalini Atchayaram , Raju Trichur R. , Sathyaprabha T. N.
Published: September 2015

Background: Migraine is associated with autonomic symptoms. The growing body of literature suggests that the dysfunctional autonomic nervous system might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of migraine. Thermal therapies have been hypothesized to modulate these changes and alleviate pain. However, data regarding the efficacy of hydrotherapy in migraine remain scant. We evaluated the effect of add on hydrotherapy procedure (a hot arm and foot bath with ice massage to head) in migraine patients. Methods: Forty chronic migraine patients fulfilling the International Classification of Headache Disorders II criteria were recruited from the neurology outpatient clinic. Patients were randomized to receive either hydrotherapy plus conventional pharmacological care (n = 20) or conventional medication only (n = 20). Hydrotherapy group received treatment with hot arm and foot bath (103°F to 110°F) and ice massage to head daily for 20 min for 45 days. Patients were assessed using headache impact test (HIT), visual analog scale for pain and cardiac autonomic function by heart rate variability (HRV) before and after intervention period. Results: There was a significant decrease in HIT score, frequency, and intensity of headaches following treatment in both the groups. However, it was more evident in add on hydrotherapy group compared to pharmacological treatment alone group. There was also significant improvement in the HRV parameters. In particular, there was a significant decrease in heart rate (P = 0.017), increase in high frequency (HF) (P = 0.014) and decrease in low frequency/HF ratio (P = 0.004) in add on hydrotherapy group. Conclusion: Our study shows that add on hydrotherapy enhanced the vagal tone in addition to reducing the frequency and intensity of headaches in migraine patients.
Neurological manifestations of Graves’ disease: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mangaraj Swayamsidha , Choudhury Arun Kumar , Mohanty Binoy Kumar , Baliarsinha Anoj Kumar
Published: September 2015

Graves’ disease (GD) is characterized by a hyperfunctioning thyroid gland due to stimulation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor by autoantibodies directed against it. Apart from thyrotoxicosis, other clinical manifestations include ophthalmopathy, dermopathy, and rarely acropachy. GD is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder, and hence is associated with various other autoimmune disorders. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is one such disease, which is seen with patients of GD and vice versa. Though the association of GD and myasthenia is known, subtle manifestations of latter can be frequently missed in routine clinical practice. The coexistence of GD and ocular MG poses a significant diagnostic dilemma to treating physicians. The ocular manifestations of myasthenia can be easily missed in case of GD and falsely attributed to thyroid associated ophthalmopathy due to closely mimicking presentations of both. Hence, a high degree of the clinical vigil is necessary in such cases to appreciate their presence. We present a similar case which exemplifies the above said that the clinical challenge in diagnosing coexistent GD and ocular myasthenia.
Remaining unconscious: The burden of traumatic brain injuries in India
Authors: Agrawal Deepak , Singh P. K. , Sinha S. , Gupta D. K. , Satyarthee G. D. , Misra M. C.
Published: September 2015

Introduction: It is well-known that severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) have a poor outcome. However, what is not well-known is the outcome for those who survive but remain unconscious at the time of discharge from the hospital. Aims and Objectives: To assess the outcome of severe TBI patients who have a motor response of M5 or lower on the Glasgow coma score (GCS) at discharge from a single centre in India. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study carried at one trauma centre in India, a prospectively maintained neurotrauma registry was queried from May 2010 to February 2013 for patients who had severe traumatic brain injury (GCS ≤ 8) at admission and had a motor response of M5 or lower on the GCS at discharge. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed, and outcome Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) assessed at 6 months using a telephonic questionnaire. Observations and Results: There were a total of 1525 patients with severe TBI in the study period. Of these 166 (10.9%) were unconscious (motor response M5 or lower on the GCS) at discharge from the hospital. 139 were males and 27 females with a mean age of 33.9 years. After a mean hospital stay of 24.31 days, the discharge motor score was M5 in 32 (19.3%), M4 in 44 (26.5%), M3 in 59 (35.5%), M2 in 44 (26.5%), and M1 in 9 (5.4%). Telephonic follow-up was available in 102 (61.4%) of the patients. 54 (52.9%) patients had died and 32 (31.4%) remained unconscious (vegetative) at 6 months. Only 16 patients (15.7%) had a good outcome (GOS 1–2) at 6 months following an injury. Conclusions: This is the only study of its kind on patients who remain unconscious at discharge following severe TBI and reveals that around 50% will die and another 30% remains vegetative at 6 months of discharge. Only a small percentage (15% in our study) will become conscious and partially integrated in the society.
Clinico-etiological profile of childhood stroke in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Patra Chaitali , Sarkar Shatanik , Guha Debasree , Dasgupta Malay K.
Published: September 2015

Background: The clinical pattern and etiology of stroke may vary over time or with geographical location. In Asian countries, specific etiology and outcome of childhood stroke have been rarely reported. Objective: To determine the clinical and etiological pattern of childhood stroke and their outcome in a Tertiary Care Center. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata over a period of 3 years. All children from 6 months to 12 years, diagnosed as childhood stroke by radio-imaging were included in our study. Children presenting with paraplegia/paraparesis were excluded. Etiologies were determined on the basis of clinical examination, related blood investigations and radio-imaging findings. Data gathered from the stroke patients were entered into a preformed proforma and appropriate statistical analyses were done. Result: Most commonly found clinical presentation was hemiparesis (70.6%). Next in place was a seizure (61.8%) and alteration of consciousness (58.8%). The most common etiology of childhood stroke in our hospital was found to be an intracranial infection (41.2%), followed by vascular etiology. Stroke was ischemic in nature in 91.2% of cases. Among the clinical features, vomiting, alteration of sensorium, and fever were significantly (P < 0.01) more in infectious cases of stroke, but hemiparesis was significantly (P < 0.05) more common in noninfectious etiology. Most of the cases of noninfectious etiology (95%) completely recovered without any persistent neurodeficit or mortality. Conclusion: Intracranial infection is the commonest etiology of stroke in pediatric patients presenting at our hospital. Commonest type is an ischemic stroke. The most of the patients completely recovered from the acute neurological insult after proper and timely management.
Impact of psychoeducation intervention module on parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: A preliminary study
Authors: Patra Suravi , Arun Priti , Chavan Bir Singh
Published: September 2015

Context: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in India face a host of challenges, while seeking care which ranges from unavailability of information to difficulty in availing services. Aims: To develop a psycho-education intervention module for parents of children with ASD and to study its impact on parent stress and knowledge. Settings and Design: Child Guidance Clinic Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh. Interventional study. Methodology: Parents of children diagnosed with ASD as per Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition criteria, recruited through consecutive sampling. Total number of 18 participants participated in the two phase study. Phase I included preparation of a parent training module through a four stage process and Phase II was evaluation of impact of the final version of the module on parental stress and knowledge. Statistical Analysis: Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test using SPSS version 17.0. Results: There was an improvement in all the domains of parenting stress and knowledge. Social stress score and total stress score showed significant improvement. Conclusions: Parent psycho-education intervention module on ASD decreases parenting stress, and improves knowledge about ASD. Psycho-education intervention module is a feasible and acceptable way of parent empowerment.
Advanced magnetic resonance neuroimaging in bulbar and limb onset early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Vora Maulik , Kumar Suresh , Sharma Sanjiv , Sharma Sudhir , Makhaik Sushma , Sood R. G.
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and most common motor neuron disease, caused by progressive loss of motor neurons. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) studies detect pathological changes in neuronal fibers in vivo. We evaluated the role of DTI and MRS in early course of the disease, which may prove beneficial in the early diagnosis and better management. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with ALS and 13 age-matched controls received 1.5T DTI and three-dimensional multi-voxel MRS. Fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/Creatine (Cr), and NAA/Choline (Ch) ratios were analyzed in various regions of the brain and compared with healthy controls. ALS patients were classified as definite, possible, and probable category, and patients were also studied in limb versus bulbar onset. Results: Decreased FA and increase mean diffusivity values in regions of corticospinal tract (CST) and corpus callosum (CC) was consistent finding in definite and probable disease category (P < 0.05). In possible disease, CC involvement was not significant. NAA/Cr and NAA/Ch ratios were lower in CC and regions of CST. However, in possible disease, CC involvement was not significant, while regions of CST were showing significant reduction in NAA/Cr and NAA/Ch ratios (P < 0.05). Conclusion: DTI and MRS detect changes associated with ALS even in the early phase of the disease. Bulbar onset and limb onset ALS patients show different pattern of involvement. Extramotor involvement suggested by CC involvement is a feature seen in bulbar onset patient and can suggest poor outcome in such patients. The present findings may be helpful for designing further studies in the direction of more early diagnosis of disease and its management.
Subverting Subversion: A Review on the Breast Cancer Microenvironment and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Rothschild Ethan , Banerjee Debabrata
Published: September 2015

This review combines the recent research on the subject of tumor immunology and methods of correcting the immune system's reaction to the tumor microenvironment while impeding the survival and growth of tumor cells, with a focus on breast cancer. Induction of hypoxia-inducible genes in the microenvironment leads to lowering of its pH. This impedes the adaptive immune response and acts to recruit cells of the immune system, which suppress the immune response. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and their derivatives coordinate an anti-autoimmunity response and a healing response in concert with tumor-secreted cytokines, enzymes, and antigens. Together, they suppress a proper immune reaction to tumor cells and promote cellular reproduction ( Fig. 1 ). In addition, the hypoxia-inducible response and components of the tumor microenvironment such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) also create an ideal environment for tumor growth and metastasis via neoangiogenesis and increased motility. Broad-spectrum chemotherapy drugs are problematic as breast cancer cells develop resistance through selective loss of a novel target and downregulation of apoptotic factors. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment offers new therapeutic opportunities to rescue the immune response, inhibit cancer cell growth pathways, and subvert the tumor microenvironment with little toxicity and side effects.
Biomarkers for Sepsis: What is and What Might Be?
Authors: Biron Bethany M. , Ayala Alfred , Lomas-Neira Joanne L.
Published: September 2015

Every year numerous individuals develop the morbid condition of sepsis. Therefore, novel biomarkers that might better inform clinicians treating such patients are sorely needed. Difficulty in identifying such markers is in part due to the complex heterogeneity of sepsis, resulting from the broad and vague definition of this state/condition based on numerous possible clinical signs and symptoms as well as an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathobiology of this complex condition. This review considers some of the attempts that have been made so far, looking at both the pro- and anti-inflammatory response to sepsis, as well as genomic analysis, as sources of potential biomarkers. Irrespective, for functional biomarker(s) of sepsis to successfully translate from the laboratory to a clinical setting, the biomarker must be target specific and sensitive as well as easy to implement/interpret, and be cost effective, such that they can be utilized routinely in patient diagnosis and treatment.
Impact of Global Health Research Training on Scholarly Productivity: The Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars and Fellows Program
Authors: Heimburger Douglas C. , Carothers Catherine Lem , Blevins Meridith , Warner Tokesha L. , Vermund Sten H.
Published: September 2015

In the Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars and Fellows (FICRS-F) Program, 536 U.S. and international doctoral and postdoctoral health profession students and trainees completed 1-year research training at research centers in low- and middle-income countries. To evaluate the Program's impact, we analyzed data gathered prospectively during the Program, from PubMed, and from a representative survey of alumni. Of 100 randomly selected respondents, 94 returned the survey. Reflecting the sources of funding, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was the focus of 47% of the projects, but research in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and dual infection/NCD-related topics increased over time. Among the first 1,617 alumni publications, output was associated positively with being an international versus U.S. trainee, a postdoctoral Fellow versus predoctoral Scholar, and accumulation of more years post-training (all P < 0.001). Fellows were first author on a higher proportion of their articles than were Scholars (P < 0.001), and U.S. trainees were more often first author than international trainees (P = 0.04). Survey respondents had submitted 117 grant applications, and 79 (67.5%) had been funded. The FICRS-F Program yielded substantial research productivity in the early post-training years. Research outputs and impact will increase over time as alumni careers mature and they gain research independence and assume leadership positions.