bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO ANIMASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN F&B SERVICE SMKN 27 JAKARTA
Authors: Safitri Fhista , Doriza Shinta , Hamiyati
Published: December 2024

Perkembangan teknologi yang terus maju memiliki dampak besar dalam kehidupan, terutama di sektor pendidikan, di mana teknologi digunakan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman belajar melalui berbagai media pembelajaran. Dalam konteks pendidikan, seorang guru dapat menggunakan teknologi sebagai sarana yang beragam dan menarik dengan menciptakan materi pembelajaran berupa video animasi, sehingga proses belajar menjadi lebih beragam daripada hanya mengandalkan metode ceramah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan dan mengetahui keefektifan media pembelajaran berbasis video animasi untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media video animasi dengan menggunakan prettest dan posttest pada mata pelajaran f&b service SMKN 27 Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan menggunakan model ADDIE yang merupakan kepanjangan dari Analyze (analisis), Design (desain), Development (pengembangan), Implementation (pelaksanaan), dan Evaluation (evaluasi). Menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif menggunakan data kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini, populasi terdiri dari 15 siswa kelas XI Perhotelan 1 SMKN 27 Jakarta yang menjalani uji coba kelompok kecil (small group), sedangkan sampel penelitiannya mencakup 3 siswa dengan kategori masing-masing: unggul, sedang, dan kurang pintar, yang melalui uji coba perorangan (one to one). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadinya peningkatan minat belajar siswa terhadap media video animasi berdasarkan hasil pretest dan posttest. Dengan demikian, video animasi sebagai media pembelajaran efektif dan dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP STUDENT ENGAGEMENT SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN FRONT OFFICE DI SMK
Authors: Raihan Vico Athallah , Elmanora  , Jaka Marsita
Published: December 2024

Motivasi belajar yang kuat dapat meningkatkan student engagement dalam mata pelajaran Front Office. Misalnya, siswa yang memiliki orientasi tujuan intrinsik akan merasa lebih tertarik dan antusias mempelajari prosedur pelayanan pelanggan karena minat pribadi. Sebaliknya, siswa dengan orientasi tujuan ekstrinsik mungkin terdorong untuk lebih aktif belajar demi mendapatkan nilai tinggi, penghargaan atau pengakuan dari orang lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap student engagement siswa pada mata pelajaran front office di smk. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif asosiatif dan pengambilan data pada bulan Juni 2024. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebar kuesioner menggunakan Google Form. Sampel penelitian dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 100 siswa yang mempelajari mata pelajaran front office. Hasil uji regresi menunjukkan bahwa motivasi belajar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap student engagement siswa (p-value = 0,000 < 0,05). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi motivasi belajar siswa maka semakin tinggi pula student engagementnya dan sebaliknya jika motivasi belajar siswa rendah maka semakin rendah pula student engagementnya
The Effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Method on Students' Speaking Ability: A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Senjaya Elisabet Ani Ayu , Ali Muhtadi
Published: December 2024

Many studies have investigated the effectiveness of the flipped classroom method on students' speaking ability when compared to traditional learning methods. However, previous research has provided ambiguous results. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the flipped classroom method on students' speaking abilities compared to traditional methods, as well as investigate what factors can influence the effectiveness of using the flipped classroom method on students' speaking abilities. The design used in this study was group contrast meta-analysis by analyzing 15 primary studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results of the analysis using the random-effects approach obtained a combined effect size of (g = 1.25; p < 0.01). The effect size is in the "Large Effect" category. It can be concluded that the use of the flipped classroom method on students' speaking ability has a significant and more effective effect compared to traditional learning methods. Heterogeneity analysis found that the moderator variable educational level influenced the effectiveness of implementing the flipped classroom method on students' speaking abilities, but not the moderator variables educational level, experimental class capacity, and region. The findings of this meta-analysis provide more accurate results regarding inconsistent effect size variations and can enrich insight into knowledge about the effectiveness of using the flipped classroom method in improving students' speaking skills.
Quality Assurance in the Open University Service Online Learning Tutorial
Authors: Niku Elpipres Muhammad , Wiyono Bambang Budi , Wiyono Bambang Budi , Nurul Ulfatin  , Maisyaaroh
Published: December 2024

Higher Education Quality Assurance as disseminated to tertiary institutions in Indonesia until 2007. This dissemination aims to make every university realize that the responsibility for the quality of higher education implementation in these tertiary institutions is no longer entirely in the hands of the Government, but especially in the hands of the universities themselves. . Apart from that, the dissemination also aims to inspire each university about what, why, who, where, when, and how to carry out quality assurance in higher education.
Relationship on Three Factors Self Efficacy, Self-Actualization, and Working Environment with Heutagogy
Authors: Wardhani Christova Hesti , Bambang Budi Wiyono  , Zulkarnain  , Hardika
Published: December 2024

Training for adults requires different ways and techniques in the application of special techniques that involve learning facilitators. An effective facilitator must have knowledge and competence about the content they teach, as well as skills to control the group. This leads to the need that the facilitator needs personal qualities that not only reflect the professionalism and character of the facilitator but also be able to overcome problems that occur in adult learning. This also happened at the Balai Besar Pemerintahan Desa Kementerian Dalam Negeri (BBPD) in Indonesia, which has the task and responsibility of conducting learning and training for village officials throughout Indonesia. Officials who are generally adult learners and have busy schedules need a reliable facilitator in the learning process. One of the things is to apply heutagogy as an alternative solution to maintain the facilitator's ability in adult learning. The application of heutagogy is expected to make the learning process lead to a sustainable system because they can return to their hometown with the expected application of knowledge. Based on the results of the preliminary analysis from the initial survey include the need for correct self-efficacy and the existence of a well-considered working environment also self-actualization in order to work more optimally in the learning process of adult learning using heutagogy. However, this needs to be proven empirically by quantitative research in more depth in the scope of BBPD so that the research result can state the validity of these three variable factors to the adult learning process carried out by BBPD. This research is explanatory research, which is research that seeks to explain the causal relationship that occurs between research variables and test hypotheses that have been formulated with quantitative research methods. The result shows that self-efficacy has the most significant factor among other aspects.
The Effect of Blended PBL Assisted with Advance Organizer and Thinking Style on Understanding and Application of Digital Electronics Concepts
Authors: Mige Godlief Erwin Semuel , Setyosari Punaji , Ulfa Saida , Praherdiono Henry
Published: December 2024

assisted with Advance Organizer (BPBL AO) model in the experimental class and Direct Learning in the control class, the moderator variable of Thinking Style (Internal and External), on the dependent variable Digital Electronics Concept Understanding and Digital Electronics Concept Application and the interaction effect of the independent variable and moderator variable on the dependent variable. This research is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental approach with a 2x2 factorial design, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) is used to analyze research data. The results of the study are (1) there are differences in learning outcomes between students taught with BPBL AO and students taught with direct learning on Digital Electronics Concept Understanding and Digital Electronics Concept Application, (2) there are differences in higher order thinking skills between students who have internal thinking styles and external thinking styles in the Digital Electronics Concept Understanding dimension and while they tend to be the same or there is no difference in Digital Electronics Concept Application, and (3) between the learning strategies applied and the thinking styles possessed by students on the learning outcomes of Digital Electronics Concept Understanding and Digital Electronics Concept Application, there is no interaction effect.  The application of BPBL AO can improve critical thinking skills for problem solving without depending on their thinking style. This research shows that BPBL AO can stimulate students to think more critically, analyze information, link digital electronics concepts with the real world, and produce creative solutions in problem solving.
Model of The 21st Century Vocational Teacher Competency Development
Authors: Pakaja Jemmy A. , Kamdi Waras , Hadi Syamsul , Yoto
Published: December 2024

The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) had changed our lives profoundly. The period known as the industrial revolution had forced various changes in all fields of knowledge. In facing the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, Human Resources development became an important factor. Human resources, mainly Vocational High Schools (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan/SMK) graduates were one of the spearheads to fulfil the needs of the industrial worlds. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to improve the quality of education. Teachers, as one of the main components in the process of increasing the quality of human resources, were required to be professionals in their fields and possess competencies according to the needs of the times. In efforts to improve the quality of the education field, developing teacher competency is a top priority. The purpose of this study is to examine the theories and models of teacher competencies and their development, especially vocational teachers. This study used a literature review method.  The initial study was conducted by examining and considering the results of previous research related to the competence of vocational teachers, then proceeded with the study of theories and models of teacher competencies and their development. The results of this literature review lead to a conceptual framework for the development of vocational teacher competencies. The conceptual framework offered can be used as a basis for reference and guidance for further studies conducted by researchers in the future.
Strategic Resource Relationship Model, Adaptability to Environmental Dynamics, Implementation of School-Based Management and Vocational School Competitiveness
Authors: Jamil Amidatus Sholihat , Kamdi Waras , Hadi Syamsul , Patmanthara Syaad
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to obtain the best relationship model between strategic resources, adaptability to environmental dynamics, and the implementation of school-based management on competitiveness in vocational schools which is thought to have an indirect relationship through existing mediating variables, without ignoring the direct relationship of each variable. This research is included in explanatory research with the statistical analysis technique used, namely Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The population and sample in this study were 397 public and private vocational school teachers in East Java Province. Research data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires conducted online and offline. The results of hypothesis testing show that: (1) strategic resources have a positive and significant effect on environmental dynamics; (2) strategic resources have a positive and significant effect on the implementation of SBM; (3) adaptability to environmental dynamics has a positive and significant effect on SBM implementation; (4) strategic resources have a positive and significant effect on competitiveness; (5) SBM implementation has a positive and significant effect on competitiveness; (6) environmental dynamics have a positive and significant effect on competitiveness through the implementation of SBM; (7) strategic resources have a positive and significant effect on competitiveness through environmental dynamics and SBM implementation; (8) strategic resources have a positive and significant effect on competitiveness through the implementation of MBS; and (9) strategic resources have a positive and significant effect on the implementation of SBM through environmental dynamics.
Analysis of The Success of Sipemuda Online E-Government
Authors: Devi Andriani Farah , Haryaningsih Sri , Yohanes Yulius , Redha Fachmi Al Qadrie Syarif
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the success of the Sipemuda Online E-Government system implemented in the Kubu Raya District. As digital transformations continue to shape governance, the Sipemuda platform stands as a prominent example of utilizing technology to enhance public services and administrative efficiency. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis and qualitative assessments through surveys, interviews, and document analysis. The quantitative aspect of the analysis focuses on key performance indicators (KPIs) such as user adoption rates, transaction volumes, and system uptime. By examining these metrics, the study aims to measure the system's effectiveness in reaching and engaging the target audience. Additionally, data security and privacy concerns are assessed to ensure that citizens' information is adequately protected. On the qualitative front, the research delves into the user experience and satisfaction levels through surveys and interviews with both citizens and government officials. Understanding the perspectives of end-users and administrators provides valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the Sipemuda system. This qualitative analysis also explores any challenges faced during the implementation process and ongoing operation, shedding light on potential areas for improvement. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact of Sipemuda on administrative processes, efficiency gains, and the overall transparency of governance in Kubu Raya District. By analyzing the integration of the e-government system with existing administrative structures, the research aims to identify best practices and areas where further enhancements can be made. The findings of this analysis contribute to the broader discourse on the effectiveness of e-government initiatives in enhancing public services and governance.
The Effect of Seamless Learning on Learning Outcomes
Authors: Utami Listia , Setyosari Punaji , Kuswandi Dedi , Praherdhiono Henry
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the effect of seamless learning on learning outcomes (problem-solving and procedural) in Basic Physics courses. LMS-assisted seamless learning strategy with zoom-assisted seamless learning strategy through a quasi-experimental research design with 2x2 factorial. This research involved 73 students at Akba Technology University Makassar as research subjects. They are students in the Basic Physics course in the first semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. Students are divided into two groups. The experimental group consisted of 37 students who carried out the learning process using a seamless learning strategy assisted by LMS, while the control group consisted of 36 students who carried out the learning process using a seamless learning strategy assisted by Zoom. This research uses test instruments in the form of multiple-choice and essays. Data analysis used Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The research results show that, firstly, there is a significant difference in problem-solving learning outcomes between students taught using seamless learning assisted by LMS and seamless learning assisted by Zoom. Second, there is a significant difference in procedural learning outcomes between students taught using seamless learning assisted by LMS and seamless learning assisted by Zoom.
Impact of Virtual Reality-Assisted Role-Play on Learning Styles and English Performance
Authors: Muslim Abd. Hakim , Setyosari Punaji , Kuswandi Dedi , Widiati Utami
Published: December 2024

Speaking and writing skills are essential for madrasah students, as both play a crucial role in forming practical communication skills. In the context of madrasah education, where students not only study general subjects but also religious studies, having good speaking and writing skills will help them convey their ideas and understanding more clearly and precisely. This helps build self-confidence and interpersonal skills that are important in everyday life. The application of role-play is carried out not only in exact subjects but also in English language learning. The role-play environment creates a meaningful context that allows students to learn English in situations that resemble the real world. Cutting-edge technology, such as interactive, spherical video-based virtual reality (ISVVR), can be used in English language learning. Apart from being a way to overcome time constraints, ISVVR media can enrich learning resources and space for practice. This research aims to test the effect of applying role-play assisted by ISVVR and Learning Styles as moderator variables to improve English speaking and writing performance. This research used a quasi-experiment with Pre-test and Post-test Control Group Design. The participants used were 92 class XII students at MAN 5 Jombang using 2x3 factorial Manova analysis. The findings in this study were that speaking and writing performance was different between groups of students who applied role-play assisted ISSVR and conventional video and learning styles, but there was no interaction between model and learning style on speaking and writing performance.
Salafiyah Dayah's Strategy in Producing Quality Students in the Modern Era
Authors: Munzir  , Lubis Lahmuddin , Arsyad Junaidi
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the strategies implemented by Salafiah Islamic boarding schools in producing quality students in the modern era, as well as analyzing the supporting and inhibiting factors that influence the process. Salafiah Islamic boarding schools, as traditional Islamic educational institutions, have an important role in producing students as future ulama who are able to answer the challenges of the times. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through document studies, observations and in-depth interviews. The results of the study indicate that Salafiah Islamic boarding schools have adapted their educational strategies to be relevant to the demands of the modern era. Several strategies found involve the implementation of a curriculum that combines religious knowledge with the use of technology in the learning process, as well as increasing community involvement in supporting education at the Islamic boarding school. Supporting factors in producing ulama cadres at Salafiah Islamic boarding schools involve management commitment, community support, and technology integration. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include limited resources, socio-cultural changes, and resistance to change among traditionalists. This study provides a deeper understanding of the dynamics of education at Salafiah Islamic boarding schools, as well as providing recommendations to improve the effectiveness of educational strategies in producing ulama cadres who are able to compete and make positive contributions in modern society.
Analisi Status Gizi, Kondisi Fisik, dan Tingkat Keterampilan Teknik Dasar Sepakbola Di SSB PSW Banyuwangi
Authors: Setiyawan Dhiandy Tri , Nurrochmah Siti
Published: December 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis tingkat status gizi, tingkat kondisi fisik, dan tingkat keterampilan teknik dasar sepakbola pada pemain SSB PSW Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penilitian kuantitatif. Metode pada jenis penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan survei bentuk deskriptif dengan metode pendekatan berupa observasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pemain SSB PSW Kabupaten Banyuwangi yang berjumlah 60 pemain laki-laki usia 13-16 tahun, dengan besar sampel ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposive proportionate sampling dengan porsi 90%, sehingga sampel berjumlah 54 pemain. Tingkat status gizi memperoleh hasil 57% dominan pada kriteria kekurangan berat badan. Tingkat kondisi fisik komponen kecepatan dengan tes sprint 30 meter memperoleh hasil 30% dominan pada kriteria baik sekali, Komponen kelincahan dengan tes shuttle run memperoleh hasil 54% dominan pada kriteria baik dan komponen daya tahan tubuh dengan tes bleep test memperoleh hasil 67% dominan pada kategori kurang sekali. Tingkat keterampilan teknik dasar sepakbbola komponen tes passing memperoleh hasil 35% dominan pada kriteria cukup dan komponen tes dribbling memperoleh hasil 41% dominan pada kriteria cukup. Jadi dapat disimpulkan untuk tingkat status gizi pemain SSB PSW Kabupaten Banyuwangi rata-rata pada kategori kekurangan berat badan, tingkat kondisi fisik rata-rata pada kategori cukup, dan tingkat ketrampilan teknik dasar sepakbola pemain SSB PSW Kabupaten Banyuwangi rata-rata pada kategori cukup
Pengaruh Latihan Groundstroke dengan Area Target terhadap Akurasi Pukulan Groundstroke
Authors: Siti Rahma Nadia Syarifa , Daniyantara Didik , Suryansah Suryansah
Published: December 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh latihan groundstroke dengan area target terhadap akurasi pukulan groundstroke pada atlet Serbu Tenis Club (STC). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain one-group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah atlet Serbu Tenis Club (STC). Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 11 atlet Serbu Tenis Club (STC) yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Hewitt Tennis Achievement test. Adapun teknik analisis data menggunakan uji t dengan terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji normalitas dan homogenitas. Hasil yang diperoleh dari uji hipotesis yaitu pada akurasi pukulan groundstroke menunjukkan bahwa nilai thitung (5,769) > ttabel (1,812). Berdasarkan kriteria pengujian hipotesis maka, Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh latihan groundstroke dengan area target terhadap akurasi pukulan groundstroke pada atlet Serbu Tenis Club (STC).
Guest Editorial: Patience in AI Development Is a Virtue: Why 99% Correct Is 100% Wrong
Authors: McArdle Shane
Published: December 2024

In heavy-asset industries such as oil and gas, precision is crucial. The saying "99% accurate is 100% wrong" reflects this reality. Despite the excitement of new technology, even minor errors can have significant consequences.

For example, an artificial intelligence (AI) system inaccurately predicting a critical machinery component's lifespan could lead to unexpected failures, causing costly downtime and safety hazards.

Kongsberg Digital, an early adopter of Microsoft's large language models (LLMs), has witnessed AI's transformative power firsthand. Over the past 2 years, these LLMs have driven a resurgence in AI interest.

Generative AI's growth presents unprecedented opportunities for the heavy-asset industry, transforming interactions with complex systems. Implementing AI can optimize maintenance schedules, predict failures before they happen, and streamline operations.

The rise of generative AI has also spotlighted the more traditional areas of analytics, classification, prediction, and physics-based simulations. This renewed interest has led the oil and gas industry to look for ways to utilize AI to enhance operational efficiency, reduce costs, and improve safety standards.

However, AI inaccuracies or “hallucinations” are deal-breakers. AI-generated misinformation can mislead decision-makers, potentially resulting in disastrous outcomes. In some cases, using AI is unnecessary and adds little value.

Heavy-asset industries prioritize safety and have historically been conservative in adopting new technologies.

While post-ChatGPT developments are significant, the industry lags due to its zero tolerance for failure. This caution is justified; in environments where lives and substantial investments are at stake, even minor errors can be catastrophic.

Moreover, precision in AI ensures not only safety and efficiency but also drives sustainability.

Accurate AI predictions minimize waste and reduce energy consumption. Inaccurate decisions can lead to excessive energy use and waste, counteracting sustainability goals. AI can lower carbon emissions and reduce the environmental footprint by optimizing energy usage and ensuring regulatory compliance.

Building trust in AI requires responsibility in development and implementation, ensuring security without compromise. We must be transparent about data lineage—a principle that guides our transformative journey. For AI to fully integrate into heavy-asset industries, it must be accurate but also secure and trustworthy. This transparency builds confidence among stakeholders, from engineers to executives.
Transcriptional Analysis Reveals Suppression of RAD51 and Disruption of the Homologous Recombination Pathway during PEDV Infection of IPEC-J2 Cells
Authors: Sun Li , Cao Changfu , Yang Jianbo , Jin Jian
Published: December 2024

PEDV is a highly contagious enteric pathogen that can lead to severe diarrhea and death in neonatal pigs. Despite extensive research, the complete pathomechanism of PEDV and the molecular mechanisms of host responses remain unclear. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), time-specific co-expression modules, and key regulatory genes associated with PEDV infection were identified. Differential analysis showed that 2,275, 1,492, and 3,409 differential genes were screened in the 12 h vs. Mock, 24 h vs. Mock, and 48 h vs. Mock, respectively. Time series analysis showed that the genes of the up-regulated module were mainly involved in antiviral pathways such as viral defense response and regulation of immune system processes. Protein interaction network analysis revealed that the top 20 core genes in the interaction network included six up-regulated genes (TFRC, SUOX, RMI1, CD74, IFIH1, CD86) and 14 down-regulated genes (FOS, CDC6, CDCA3, PIK3R2, TUFM, VARS, ASF1B, POLD1, MCM8, POLA1, CDC45, BCS1L, RAD51, RPA2). In addition, GSEA enrichment analysis showed that pathways such as DNA replication and homologous recombination were significantly inhibited during viral infection, and RAD51, CDC6, and RPA2 were involved. Our findings not only reveal dynamic changes in the transcriptome profile of PEDV-infected IPEC-J2 cells, but also provide novel insights into the mechanism of PEDV infection of the host.
Airway pressures generated by high flow nasal cannula in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: A computational study
Authors: Shamohammadi Hossein , Weaver Liam , Saffaran Sina , Tonelli Roberto , Laviola Marianna , Laffey John G. , Camporota Luigi , Scott Timothy E. , Hardman Jonathan G. , Clini Enrico , Bates Declan G.
Published: December 2024

Introduction and Objectives: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is an increasingly popular mode of non-invasive respiratory support for the treatment of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). Previous experimental studies in healthy subjects have established that HFNC generates flow-dependent positive airway pressures, but no data is available on the levels of mean airway pressure (MAP) or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) generated by HFNC therapy in AHRF patients. We aimed to estimate the airway pressures generated by HFNC at different flow rates in patients with AHRF, whose functional lung volume may be significantly reduced compared to healthy subjects due to alveolar consolidation and/or collapse.
Materials and Methods: We developed a high-fidelity mechanistic computational model of the cardiopulmonary system during HFNC therapy using data from healthy subjects, and then measured the MAP and PEEP levels produced when different amounts of alveolar consolidation/collapse were incorporated into the model.
Results: When calibrated to represent normal lung physiology in healthy subjects, our model recapitulates the airway pressures produced by HFNC at different flow rates in healthy volunteers who were breathing normally, with their mouths closed or open. When different amounts of alveolar consolidation/collapse are implemented in the model to reflect the pathophysiology of AHRF, the mPaw and PEEP produced by HFNC at all flow rates increases as the functional lung volume decreases (up to a mPaw of 11.53 and a PEEP of 11.41 cmH2O at 60 L/min with the mouth closed when 50% of the model’s alveolar compartments are non-aerated). When the model was matched to individual patient data from a cohort of 58 patients with AHRF receiving HFNC at 60 L/min, the mean (standard deviation) of the mPaw / PEEP produced by HFNC in the models of these patients was 8.56 (1.50) / 8.92 (1.49) cmH2O with mouths closed, and 1.73 (0.31) / 1.36 (0.36) cmH2O with mouths open.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that the airway pressures produced by HFNC in patients with AHRF could be higher than is currently assumed based on experimental data from healthy subjects, particularly in patients whose mouths remain closed. Higher levels of PEEP could be beneficial if they lead to alveolar recruitment and improved lung compliance, but could cause alveolar overdistension if they do not, motivating the close monitoring of the effects of HFNC on lung mechanics. Further clinical studies are warranted to directly measure the airway pressures produced by HFNC in patients with different severities of AHRF.
Serial Systemic Immune Inflammation Indices: Markers of Acute Migraine Events or Indicators of Persistent Inflammatory Status?
Authors: Wijeratne Tissa , Murphy Melanie J. , Wijeratne Chanith , Martelletti Paolo , Karimi Leila , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Sales Carmela , Riddell Nina , Crewther Sheila G.
Published: December 2024

Background
Migraine is the most common complex neurological disorder, affecting over a billion people worldwide. Neurogenic inflammation has long been recognized as a key factor in the pathophysiology of migraine though little research has been directed to investigating whether inflammation is greatest in migraine with aura or without, and whether inflammation is a permanent state in migraine or whether is an event related transitory state. Thus, the primary aim of this single-centre, retrospective study was to explore the potential clinical utility of the systemic immune-inflammatory indices as a measure of duration and severity of inflammation derived from relative blood cell counts in migraine patients within an acute inpatient setting. Specifically, we assessed the role of serial white blood cell counts to calculate Serial Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Indices (SSIIi) (calculated using the formula: neutrophil count x platelet count/lymphocyte count) between aura (N = 67) and no-aura (N = 119) migraine patients at time of admission to a tertiary care centre in Melbourne, Australia, and at 24 hours post admission versus stable in-community migraineur controls (N = 20)
Main Body:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records from patients presenting with migraine at Western Health over an 18-month period. Patients were categorized as having migraine with aura (MA) or without aura (MO) according to ICHD-3 criteria. Baseline demographics and brain imaging findings were evaluated for each group. Patients who had at least two sets of white blood cell counts drawn within 24 hours during their admission were included in the study. A mixed-design ANOVA showed a significant main effect of SSIIi between patients with migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO) during acute inpatient presentation, in comparison to a convenience sample of outpatients with migraine (MA and MO) with similar blood measures.
Conclusion
SSIIi levels were significantly lower in patients with migraine with aura (MA), who also showed a greater, though non-significant, decrease between the two measurements compared to those with migraine without aura (MO) and controls, whose SSIIi levels remained consistently higher. The control group displayed similar findings to MO inpatients, suggesting persistent systemic inflammation in a subset of migraine patients regardless of the acuity of presentation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of systemic inflammation in migraine pathophysiology, chronicity, and progression.
Diagnosis of acute aortic dissection patients with normal non-enhanced computed tomography and risk factors of in-hospital mortality of type A acute aortic dissection patients
Authors: Zou Chuande , Wang Donglin
Published: December 2024

Background: The non-enhanced computed tomography(CT) of patients with acute aortic dissection(AAD) could be completely normal, which could lead to misdiagnosis of AAD. We aimed to evaluate the diagnosis of AAD patients with normal non-enhanced CT and risk factors of in-hospital mortality of type A AAD patients.
Methods: A total of 150 patients with chest pain, back pain, or abdominal pain in emergency center from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected in our study. AAD patients with normal non-enhanced CT were selected as AAD group(56 cases), patients with normal CT angiography were selected as non-AAD group(94 cases).Type A AAD patients in AAD group were divided into death group(14 cases) if died in the hospital before discharge and survival group(29 cases) if lived at discharge. The information of emergency patients were collected anonymously and logistic regression analysis and receiver operator characteristic curve were performed to analyze the figures.
Results: D-dimer and pain score have significance in diagnosis of AAD (OR=2.195, 95%CI 1.678 to 2.873 and OR=2.609, 95%CI 1.383 to 4.921, respectively). D-dimer has an overall sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 79.3% for diagnosis of AAD. BMI and entry tear size were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality of type A AAD (OR=1.646, 95%CI 1.246 to 2.175 and OR=1.266, 95%CI 1.073 to 1.492, respectively). AUC of 0.943 combined with BMI and entry tear size were higher than that of single factor (BMI was 0.877, p<0.001 and entry tear size was 0.784, p<0.001). Patients with BMI≥28.57kg/m2 have higher in-hospital mortality compared to those with lower levels and patients with entry tear size ≥ 7.1mm have higher in-hospital mortality compared to those with lower levels.
Conclusions: D-dimer has diagnostic value for AAD patients with normal non-enhanced CT and combination of BMI and entry tear size have prognostic prediction value for in-hospital mortality of type A AAD.
Optimizing EMS Response Times with Machine Learning: A Multivariate Analysis for Enhanced Resource Allocation
Authors: Hill Peter , Lederman Jakob , Jonsson Daniel , Bolin Peter , Vicente Veronica
Published: December 2024

Background
This study examines the multifaceted determinants of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) response times through a machine learning approach. Using data from over one million EMS missions spanning 2017 to 2022, this research aims to understand and predict factors influencing response times, highlighting the role of machine learning in optimizing emergency services.
Methods
Advanced machine learning techniques, including Gradient Boosting models, were employed to analyze response times across various emergency scenarios. The data set was carefully curated to consider numerous factors such as urgency levels, call handling times, travel times, and geographical and temporal variables.
Results
The analysis confirms significant variability in response times influenced by factors such as the urgency of calls, weather conditions. Adverse weather and extreme temperatures were found to exacerbate response times significantly. Central urban areas showed faster response times compared to remote regions. The machine learning models effectively identified and quantified these impacts, offering a nuanced understanding that can inform more targeted EMS deployment strategies.
Conclusions
The findings advocate for the integration of real-time data on traffic, weather, and incident specifics into EMS resource allocation strategies to optimize response times dynamically. This approach underscores the importance of leveraging predictive analytics in emergency response planning, enhancing service delivery and patient outcomes. The study not only contributes to academic knowledge but also provides practical insights for emergency service administrators aiming to improve operational efficiency and response effectiveness.
Establishing Cutoff Values for Visual Amyloid Positivity in 18F-Flutemetamol PET
Authors: Park Yong-Jin , Moon So Young , Yoon Joon-Kee , Lee Su-Jin , An Young-Sil
Published: December 2024

Background: This study aimed to establish the optimal cutoff values for visual amyloid positivity using standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) in 18F-Flutemetamol (FMM) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Given the variability in amyloid assessment, our goal was to determine cutoff values that enhance diagnostic accuracy and assist clinicians in reliably identifying amyloid positivity.
Results: The identified cutoff values for visual amyloid positivity were > 1.6 for the cerebellar gray matter, > 1.38 for the whole cerebellum, and > 0.63 for the pons, yielding high sensitivity (95.5%, 94.5%, and 95.8%, respectively) and specificity (91.2%, 94.3%, and 95.2%, respectively).
Conclusions: The SUVR cutoff values demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance, supporting their clinical use in assessing visual amyloid positivity in 18F-FMM PET imaging.
3′-deoxy-3′-18F-fluorothymidine PET Imaging of Lymphoid Tissues in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Anti-Programmed Death-1 Therapy
Authors: Sato Masayuki , Umeda Yukihiro , Tsujikawa Tetsuya , Mori Tetsuya , Shimada Akikazu , Sonoda Tomoaki , Yamaguchi Makiko , Honjo Chisato , Waseda Yuko , Kiyono Yasushi , Ishizuka Tamotsu , Okazawa Hidehiko
Published: December 2024

Background Anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy has become the standard immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little is known about the organs in which PD-1 inhibitors exert their effect on a patients’ tumor immunity. We examined the changes in lymphoid tissue proliferation before and after PD-1 inhibitor treatment using 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) positron emission tomography (PET). In this study, 25 patients with advanced NSCLC underwent 18F-FLT PET before and 2 and 6 weeks after PD-1 inhibitor treatment initiation. We determined the average standardized uptake value (SUVmean) in the spleen and the maximum SUV (SUVmax), SUVmean, proliferative vertebral volume (PVV), and total vertebral proliferation (TVP) in the thoracic vertebral bodies (Th4, Th8, and Th12) using 18F-FLT PET and blood test data. The relationship between the rate of change in these parameters before and after treatment and tumor response was evaluated.
Results There were no significant differences in baseline 18F-FLT accumulation in the spleen or vertebral body or blood test data between the progressive disease (PD) and non-PD groups. In the vertebral body, there was no significant difference between the PD and non-PD groups in the percent change in 18F-FLT accumulation between baseline and 2 weeks after treatment initiation; however, the percent change between baseline and 6 weeks was significantly higher in the PD group than in the non-PD group (ΔTVP0-6: Th8, 40.7% vs. -19.0%, P = 0.029; Th12, 14.3% vs. -18.8%, P = 0.008). In the spleen, the percent change in 18F-FLT accumulation from baseline to 2 or 6 weeks did not differ between the two groups.
Conclusions In patients with advanced NSCLC who achieved a tumor response, proliferation was decreased in the bone marrow, but not in the spleen, at 6 weeks after treatment initiation. 18F-FLT PET can help monitor changes in tumor immunity in each lymphoid tissue and may serve as a biomarker for response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
The EBBS questionnaire (Eating Behavior after Bariatric Surgery) is a useful tool for identifying individuals at risk of long-term weight regain after bariatric surgery
Authors: Nicolau Joana , Sanchís Pilar , Sfondrini Guido , Ayala Luisa , Pujol Antelm , Tamayo María Isabel , Masmiquel Lluís
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for severe obesity, yet weight regain (WR) affects a significant proportion of patients in the long term. The lack of useful and standardized tools makes the follow-up of these patients more difficult. The Eating Behavior After Bariatric Surgery (EBBS) questionnaire was designed to assess adherence to post-surgical lifestyle recommendations, which may predict successful weight maintenance. This study aimed to adapt the EBBS for Spanish-speaking patients and evaluate its utility in assessing adherence to long-term lifestyle changes and its association with weight outcomes.
Material and methods: A total of 100 patients who underwent a sleeve gastrectomy (mean follow-up: 90.4 ± 46 months) were included. The EBBS was administered to evaluate food, drink, behavior, and lifestyle domains.
Results: Significant weight regain was observed in 70% of participants, and emotional eating (65%) and depression (53%) were common. The EBBS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.662). Higher total EBBS scores were significantly associated with greater excess weight loss (EWL), particularly for patients maintaining over 50% EWL (p = 0.04). Logistic regression revealed that EBBS scores >13.5 predicted EWL >50% (OR = 17.8, p = 0.010), underscoring the value of this tool in identifying patients at risk for WR.
Conclusions:The Spanish version of the EBBS is a reliable tool for assessing post-BS eating behaviors and predicting long-term weight outcomes. Tailored interventions based on EBBS results may improve adherence to dietary and lifestyle recommendations, reducing the risk of WR.
Machine Learning Prediction Models for Cognitive Impairment in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Wu# Qi , Zhang# Jupeng , Lei Peng , Zhu Xiqi , Huang Changhui
Published: December 2024

Background
Early identification of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients with a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment is essential for timely intervention and improvement of patient prognosis. The advancement of medical imaging and computing capabilities provides new methods for early detection of cognitive disorders. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising technique for cognitive impairment in CSVD. This study aims to conduct a thorough meta-analysis and comparison of published ML prediction models for cognitive impairment in patients with CSVD.
Methods
In September 2024, relevant studies were retrieved from four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was used to assess the risk of bias of the ML models. The random effects model was used for meta-analysis of C-index, while a bivariate mixed-effects model was used to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In addition, to limit the influence of heterogeneity, we also performed sensitivity analyses, a meta-regression, and subgroup analysis.
Results
Twenty-one prediction models from thirteen studies, involving 3444 patients met criteria for inclusion. The reported C-index ranged from 0.708 to 0.952. The pooled C-index, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.85 (95% CI 0.82–0.87), 0.82 (95% CI 0.77–0.87), and 0.81 (95% CI 0.73–0.87). As one of the most commonly used ML methods, logistic regression achieved a total merged C-index of 0.81, while non logistic regression models performed better with a total merged C-index of 0.86.
Conclusions
ML models holds significant promise in forecasting the risk of cognitive impairment in patients with CSVD. However, future high-quality research that externally validates the algorithm through prospective studies with larger, more diverse cohorts is needed before it can be introduced into clinical practice.
Seismostratigraphy of Buried Pleistocene Deltas on the Mangyshlak Threshold, Caspian Sea
Authors: Putans V. A. , Levchenko O. V.
Published: December 2024

The change in sedimentation conditions from shelf to deep-water, including deltas and underwater cones of outflow, can be traced on the regional profiles of the Mangyshlak Threshold. It is possible to confidently identify several continuous seismic horizons. Upper part of sedimentary cover consists of two types of sediments with essentially different acoustical image, i.e. seismic sequences. The first type of sediments appears to be accumulated under enough quiet hydrodynamic conditions of high seas far from coastline, i.e. they are marine sediments. On the contrary, the second acoustical pattern evidences active lithodynamics inhering in shallow-water and subaerial environment, which are affected essentially by fluvial processes. The characteristic lenslike architecture of the sediments allows us to interpret them as deltaic and avandeltaic sequences, which were accumulated during lowstand stage of the Caspian Sea. According to geographical location of the buried valleys and deltaic sequences, one can assume that the discussed accumulative units relate rather to the paleo-Ural River.
Prenatal diagnosis of cloacal malformation in fetus with hydrometrocolpos: imaging and invasive intrauterine procedures
Authors: Long# Meylign , Fu# Kaiyu , Ruan Jie
Published: December 2024

Hydrometrocolpos(HMC) is a rare prenatal ultrasound abnormality, presenting in two distinct types: the urinary type and the secretory type. The urinary variation is intricately linked to cloacal malformations, thereby posing a heightened risk of perinatal adverse events. Additionally, children affected by this type often face long-term challenges that impact their quality of life. We present a case involving hydrometrocolpos accompanied by oligohydramnios. Prenatally, the condition was strongly indicative of cloacal malformation based on imaging manifestations and intrauterine procedures, a suspicion that was later confirmed through postnatal autopsy. Due to the extremely low incidence of HMC, current literature reports are case reports and there are no studies that comprehensively analyze the prognosis of the disease, this research fills this gap by statistically analysing the present case as well as 29 prenatal HMC cases reported in the previous literature. Gestational week at initial detection and combined fetal ascites are meaningful predictors of cloacal malformations in HMC fetuses. Intrauterine procedures can be used to preserve organ function in complete lower urinary tract and oligohydramnios secondary to HMC. In addition, biochemical analysis of HMC fluid can differentiate between urinary HMC and secretory HMC.