bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Museo Antropológico de Chiloé
Authors: Ocampo F. Pablo
Published: January 2017

Se propone el Museo Antropológico Chiloé, como un monumento con "alma de barco", barco que navega en el tiempo de Chiloé, símbolo del saber pasado, presente y futuro del hombre de Chiloé.
Centro de Intercambio Marítimo "Quinchao"
Authors: Suau I. Cristián
Published: January 2017

Un centro de equipamiento, que recoge la cultura y el modo de vivir de los isleños, regulando y controlando el ritmo interno de la isla y el archipiélago.
La vivienda de madera en Chile a fines del siglo XIX : aportaciones a un proceso arquitectónico interrumpido
Authors: Montecinos B. Hernán , Salinas J. Ignacio , Waisberg  I. Myriam , Basáez Y. Patricio , Goldsack J. Luis
Published: January 2017

Se indaga en uno de los procesos más vitales de la arquitectura chilena a fines del siglo XIX, la vivienda de madera, desplegada por todo el territorio nacional.
La nueva arquitectura y la ciudad
Authors: Munizaga V. Gustavo
Published: January 2017

Intentando soslayar la convencional confrontación dialéctica entre el modernismo y el postmodernismo por parecer insuficiente y hoy sólo académica, se esbozan en este artículo cuatro modelos que más que históricos son paradigmáticos, de modo de develar la coyuntura del presente de la arquitectura ante la paradoja del pasado redescubierto que vuelve a ser una nueva propuesta.
Modelos e imaginarios europeos en urbanismo americano 1900-1950
Authors: Gutiérrez Ramón
Published: January 2017

Los primeros crecimientos significativos de los cascos urbanos de las ciudades de América del Sur, se producen a fines del siglo XIX. Hasta ese momento las transformaciones físicas se habían desarrollado bajo el patrón y las morfologías de la urbanística colonial. Esta situación motiva la participación destacada de importantes urbanistas del Viejo Mundo, que aplicaron en su quehacer americano las teorías y prácticas presentes en ese momento en Europa.
Problemas y tendencias en la arquitectura del Cono Sur : una visión crítica de la producción arquitectónica en Chile, Argentina y Uruguay
Authors: Eliash D. Humberto , Moscato S. Jorge , Oyarzún F. Paulina , Tuca G. Isabel
Published: January 2017

El presente estudio es parte de una investigación Fondecyt (1) y se origina en la necesidad de conocer, analizar y evaluar la producción de obras en los tres países del Cono Sur (Argentina, Chile y Uruguay) en función de los cambios culturales, sociales, políticos y económicos que plantea la década de los años '90 y su proyección hacia el siglo XXI.
Ordenanza especial de edificación :Conjunto monumental "Zona Típica Av. Baquedano", Iquique
Authors: Torres A. María Loreto
Published: January 2017

Transcripción de la ordenanza especial de edificación para la zona típica Av. Baquedano, primer instrumento normativo aprobado por el Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales.
Tres proyectos, tres décadas: la arquitectura de Rafael Moneo
Authors: Farrú B. Alvaro
Published: January 2017

A partir del análisis de tres obras emblemáticas, Álvaro Farrú recorre tres décadas de la arquitectura del siglo xx.
Creatividad sistémica
Authors: Cox O. Tomás
Published: January 2017

En el presente artículo se busca una definición del comportamiento creativo para un entorno de colaboración descentralizada. Un entorno en el que las ideas circulan gracias a una ecología de interacciones, de la cual emerge un producto creativo abierto, sin un autor determinado, sino fruto de la multiplicidad.
Habitar digital, arquitectura sensible al hombre
Authors: Briones Carolina
Published: January 2017

Arquitectura interactiva es un concepto que cada vez más se extiende desde el área de la informática al diseño espacial. Este artículo presenta tres casos en los cuales es posible evidenciar, como a diferentes escalas la incorporación de tecnologías computacionales en el espacio están generando nuevas plataformas digitales y de sociabilización.
Espacios urbanos, entornos multiusuarios y su interconectividad en la web
Authors: Espina Jane J. , Oliva Javier
Published: January 2017

El presente artículo plantea el uso de mundos virtuales multiusuarios, como herramienta en procesos de planificación e intervención urbana en el área profesional y en la docencia, basado en una investigación desarrollada en el contexto de la Plaza Baralt de Maracaibo.
Seminario de Investigación: Educación Cívica en Arquitectura
Authors: Barreau D. Camila , Torres G. Juan Luis
Published: January 2017

Enseñar arquitectura en la niñez desarrollaría mejores ciudadanos, preocupados por su medio ambiente construido y capaces de ser activos en su construcción. En Chile, con nuestro gobierno democrático, no hemos pensado aún en ello, pero es muy necesario para el futuro de la calidad de nuestro medio ambiente construido y nuestra cultura ciudadana.
La ilusión de ser moderno (o el placer de la neofilia)
Authors: Sahady V. Antonio , Gallardo G. Felipe
Published: January 2017

La historia demuestra que el hombre no cesa en su afán de ser original. En efecto, las formas de expresión se conciben con la esperanza de ocupar un lugar de privilegio en la infinita línea del tiempo. Encabalgado a lomos del neoclásico, el Movimiento Moderno consiguió abrir su espacio propio y acuñó una inconfundible marca. Su esplendor eclipsó cuando las corrientes posmodernas reclamaron el lugar que les correspondía, a continuación.
Shellhouse - [living portable]
Authors: Pino Carolina
Published: January 2017

Las evoluciones sociales y económicas lideradas por Internet y las redes inalámbricas, cambiaron los conceptos espaciales y temporales que existíanen el mundo para siempre. Nuestra sociedad consume estos avances que excluyen a grupos minoritarios, generando brechas aún más extensas entre primer y tercer mundo, pero también dentro de grupos sociales específicos. Shellhouse - living portable son refugios plegables de cartón que proveen de una dirección portátil a personas indigentes.
Los sismos: una historia de fragmentos
Authors: Baros T. Mauricio
Published: January 2017

Los sismos además de todas sus trágicas consecuencias se constituyen en un momento de detención, una pausa que permite la apertura a diversos dominios simbólicos, emocionales, etc., que dejan expuesta la precariedad de los sistemas legales, políticos y urbanos, entre otros. La ciudad se restituye a los soportes básicos quela mantienen y que son puestos a prueba en estos cruciales momentos.
Módulo de Información de Emergencia: Pichilemu
Authors: Aguilar Taller
Published: January 2017

En el marco del terremoto y posterior tsunami que azotó la zona centro sur de nuestro paísel 27 de febrero de 2010, el Taller de Diseño Básico 1 y 2 propone trabajar a través de todo el Primer Semestre del año en el estudio y desarrollo de ejercicios proyectuales asociados a estos fenómenos, en un esfuerzo por acercar el quehacer académico a los problemas contingentes presentes en nuestro contexto social, focalizando las labores en la localidad de Pichilemu.
Lugar y no-lugar en América Latina: una propuesta para hacer emerger la ciudad ontológica versus la ciudad óntica revalorizando la identidad
Authors: Gallardo Frías Laura
Published: January 2017

El aumento desenfrenado de no-lugares invade nuestras ciudades y nuestras culturas, ante lo que se propone hacer emerger la fuerza de la identidad de América Latina para que su resonancia se concretice en su arquitectura a fin de anudarla al territorio y a la memoria de sus ciudadanos como posibilidad de ofrecer un lugar.
Lo moderno en las revistas. La construcción del ideario moderno y la presencia de la tradición en publicaciones periódicas cariocas, 1930-1945
Authors: Albano Amora Ana
Published: January 2017

En este artículo nos proponemos entender el proceso de construcción de las ideas modernas en la arquitectura y en el urbanismo de la prensa especializada de Rio de Janeiro, entre los años 1930 y 1945. Realizamos una lectura crítica de tres revistas representativas de los campos académicos y profesionales, la Revista de Arquitectura, de la Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes, la Revista Arquitecturay Urbanismo, del Instituto de Arquitectos de Brasil y la Revista Municipal de Ingeniería, creada por la Municipalidad del Distrito Federal en 1932. Estas revistas nos dan aún un retrato de los intereses de la profesión, tanto en lo académico como en el ejercicio de la actividad, en respuesta a los cambios tecnológicos, valores y hábitos en transformación. Esto sirve para afirmar el asertivo de Solá-Morales (2004) de que los fenómenos de la cultura arquitectónica están insertos en otros más generales de la producción cultural y de la producción del espacio habitado, entendiendo la historia de la arquitectura como un aspecto de los procesos de modernización.
Dos reflexiones en torno a un libro : La arquitectura moderna en Chile (1907-1942) Revistas de arquitectura y estrategia gremial
Authors: Montecino Aguirre Sonia
Published: January 2017

El acontecimiento, el documento, no hablan de sí mismo; es decir, tienen una faz negra. Este retiro, este velamiento de una frase o de un acontecimiento, solo puede ser aclarado,

develado, por otra frase que se encadena sobre ellos. Pero ella misma olvidará esa otra faz negra que lleva consigo y así sucesivamente. En esto, la historiografía más segura de sus documentos, de sus reglas de establecimiento del objeto, no escapa el lote común: sabemos que después de un acontecimiento, de una frase, hay que encadenar, pero que lo indeterminado es cómo encadenar» (Jean Louis Déotte, Catástrofe y olvido; 238).
Bicentenario en Shanghai. El pabellón chileno y la decoración como retorno al remitente
Authors: Solís Opazo José
Published: January 2017

Más allá de los grandes proyectos arquitectónicos, cinematográficos o editoriales que han intentado celebrar nuestro bicentenario, el Pabellón chileno en la exposición de Shanghai manifestaría un paradojal modo de concebir el ejercicio rememorativo: mediante la pérdida de lo público y la dificultad para la constitución de una historia común. Tales fenómenos se desprenden de la particular estrategia curatorial del Pabellón, al proponer al interior doméstico como representante de la clase media del Chile neoliberal. La paradoja que esta imaginería domiciliaria logra exhibir, únicamente podía revelarse en una exposición internacional. Es allí, en el espacio del Otro, donde se visibiliza lo que la propia celebración bicentenaria, efectuada en el territorio nacional, no hace otra cosa que disimular: la aparente e inevitable banalidad de nuestro actual conmemorar.
El uso de la fotografía para problematizar lo urbano. Transferencias metodológicas, etnografía visual en la enseñanza de arquitectura
Authors: Iturra Muñoz Luis
Published: January 2017

El fenómeno urbano ha sido abordado desde variados y distintos enfoques y aproximaciones metodológicas; sin embargo, la condición subyacente de la experiencia de habitar las ciudades permanece esquiva en una gran cantidad de ellos. El presente artículo pretende traer a la discusión la idea de experiencia urbana y, mediante una aproximación etnográfica visual transferida desde la antropología, permitir una apertura a nuevas formas de problematizar lo urbano dentro del contexto académico.
Calle Pedro Montt en Castro, Chiloé
Authors: Hevia Riera Carlos
Published: January 2017

El Barrio de la Calle Pedro Montt en la ciudad de Castro, es testigo vivo de un vertiginoso proceso de transformación, donde rápidamente se modifica no solo la estructura material, sino que también la materia social se adapta a las nuevas demandas globales.
Muelle de Mimbre. El cultivo como límite temporal
Authors: Arancibia Tagle Domingo
Published: January 2017

A partir de la propuesta del nuevo Muelle de Mimbre, el presente proyecto de título se aproxima a la arquitectura como fuente de reactivación de las actividades productivas locales. En un contexto determinado por la globalización y la tendencia hacia una recurrente hegemonía de las culturas globales, la propuesta arquitectónica recupera los rasgos identitarios de la localidad de Chimbarongo, dando forma a una arquitectura apropiada a su contexto y al mismo tiempo contemporánea.
Jean Prouvé en Buc. Y las formas resultado de la velocidad.
Authors: Martínez Díaz Daniel
Published: January 2017

La estructura del movimiento tiene la intención de aproximar los procesos de generación y experimentación de la forma-estructura, desarrollados en los talleres de Jean Prouvé, como ejemplo de producción arquitectónica de la primera mitad del siglo XX, a la nueva visión de la realidad física del paradigma contemporáneo. A través de la obra de Jean Prouvé se desvelará una singular manera de identificación con la materia, y una puesta en práctica de modelos experimentales de producción, que derivan en un tipo de sistemas estructurales especialmente interesantes desde el punto de vista de la respuesta mecánica en relación al movimiento. El siguiente artículo introduce notas extraídas de uno de los primeros capítulos de la tesis doctoral del autor, en el que se desarrolla un análisis del contenido de las publicaciones en que aparecen los primeros trabajos relevantes de los talleres de Jean Prouvé.
Tiempo, tipos y métodos de proyecto
Authors: Tomillo Castillo Arturo
Published: January 2017

Si el método científico de la Era Moderna respaldó en gran medida las intervenciones del Movimiento Moderno, el papel de la continuidad histórica fue reivindicado en la segunda mitad del s. XX cuando algunos arquitectos apelaron al valor de la tipología como instrumento de proyecto. En el proyecto para el Museo Nacional de Arte Romano de Mérida (1981-1985), Rafael Moneo adoptó un marco intelectual en línea con el concepto filosófico de razón vital. Esto representa una significativa reflexión en torno a lo que el valor tiempo supone como fundamento de la arquitectura así como operativa de proyecto. A este respecto las aún vigentes intuiciones contenidas en el proyecto no son ajenas a la actual tarea de la filosofía en el sentido de repensar los postulados temporales heredados desde la Antigüedad; ello nos permite abordar la reflexión acerca de algunos retos a los que hoy se enfrenta la disciplina.
Diseño del espacio urbano en la Barcelona post-industrial. Una defensa de "lo urbano" frente a "lo urbanal".
Authors: González Aguado Alfonso
Published: January 2017

Desde los tiempos del Movimiento Moderno, los arquitectos se han responsabilizado del diseño de las ciudades y los espacios urbanos. La concepción arquitectónica de las ciudades ha llevado a nuestra disciplina al equívoco de creer que el diseño de las calles, las plazas y los parques era lo mismo que generar espacio público. Sin embargo, el espacio público depende en mayor medida de las condiciones sociales, culturales, políticas y económicas de la ciudad, y no tanto de la forma de sus elementos arquitectónicos. En el marco de la ciudad post-industrial y tomando el ejemplo de Barcelona, el siguiente artículo se cuestiona sobre qué implica entender la ciudad como un mero objeto arquitectónico. Para ello compara el concepto de «urbanalización» propuesto Francesc Muñoz (como paradigma contemporáneo de la producción de ciudad) al de «lo urbano» (como paradigma del espacio público como espacio de lo social) propuesto por Manuel Delgado, en un intento de preguntarse si los arquitectos deberíamos enfrentarnos al fenómeno urbano desde un punto de vista interdisciplinar, que vaya más allá de la pura forma de la ciudad.
Anotaciones a otra geometría de la proporción y la armonía
Authors: López Sardá María Luisa
Published: January 2017

El presente artículo expone los principales hallazgos del libro “Acordes Arquitectónicos: otra geometría de la proporción y la armonía en la arquitectura”, editado el año 2012. Mediante el estudio de nuevas teorías físicas es posible reconocer la unidad esencial y básica del conocimiento antiguo sobre la proporción y la armonía, base de la geometría y de los trazados reguladores de la arquitectura. En definitiva, una investigación que vincula los cambios en la física y su relación con la arquitectura y su carácter proyectual.
Views of Teacher-Trainees on Clothing and Textiles Education in two Teacher Education Universities in Ghana
Authors: Forster Phyllis , Quarcoo Rosemary , Ashong Elizabeth Lani , Ghanney Victoria
Published: January 2017

The study explored the views of teacher-trainees on Clothing and Textiles (C&T) education in two teacher educationuniversities in Ghana. The objectives were to find out whether pre-tertiary Sewing/C&T lessons provided them withsmall-scale business skills, and foundation for higher education, they could teach Sewing/C&T competently oninternship, identify their sources of motivation, and elicit their suggestions to improve on the subject. Data collectedrevealed that one-tenth and two-thirds acquired small-scale business skills from their lessons at basic and secondarylevels respectively. About 71% indicated they taught the subject competently on internship and career intention wastheir main motivating factor for the subject. For improvement, there is need to provide adequate modern facilities andcompetent teachers with current ideas in content and pedagogy, and good teacher relationship with students andindustry. Other suggestions were, students should remain focused and attract others to the subject through theirdressing. Feed-back from the teacher trainees indicates that Sewing/C&T education in Ghana provides occupationalskills and foundation for further studies.
Vocabulary Facilitation on Technical Modules for ESL Learners: A Case Study of a Sri Lankan Higher Educational Institute
Authors: Senevirathna Chathurika , Jayakody Shashitha , Iroshani Peiris H Rangika
Published: January 2017

This study focuses on the degree of facilitation of the English language module on a technical module offered for adegree program in a higher educational institute in Sri Lanka. The sample consists of 5,855 words from one technicalmodule in the stream of Accounting and Finance and 10,554 words from one English language module prescribed forthe BBA (Special) Degree program during the first year first semester of undergraduates. The level of facilitation wasmeasured in terms of vocabulary; an essential component found in the empirical literature to acquire the technicalknowledge in tertiary education. In order to achieve the main objective, “whether or not the language modulefacilitates the technical module” the researchers utilized Academic Word List (AWL) and examined the presence ofAWL items in both modules and compared the common distribution of AWL items. The results showed 12.33%presence of AWL items in the technical module and 3.95% in the language module. 65 AWL word families wereidentified as common to both modules. The facilitation of the language module on the technical module in terms ofvocabulary is 42.20%. Interestingly, the most frequently used 10 AWL items are not common to both modules.Collocation and gap making can be suggested as appropriate vocabulary activities in order to enhance the exposureof the ESL learners to vocabulary.
Wiki as a Tool in Teaching Translation: An Online Peer-Assessment Model of Evaluation
Authors: Parvizi Gholam-Reza
Published: January 2017

The complexities of the real professional world the trainee translators are to enter requires the utilization of the largescale instruction, flexibility and highly facilitated and interactive learning that online learning and its associatedfacilities put at our disposal within an instructional design. This paper is an attempt to investigate the effect ofincorporating wiki (an asynchronous text-based online collaborative tool) in a web-based social constructivistspecialized translator training workshop on trainee translators’ performance in comparison with conventional contactclassrooms applying the same instructional framework. An experimental research methodology was utilized toanswer the research question and test the hypothesis. The results revealed that using such a collaborative tool as wikiin the translator training workshop had improved the performance of future translators as a consequence of moredeveloped translation and translator competences when compared with the conventional contact classroom.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 10, No. 1
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: January 2017

International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 1 Alireza AthariArash RiasiAshford C CheaAurelija BurinskieneBenjamin James InyangEva Mira BolfíkováFabrizio RossiFadi AlkaraanFevzi EsenFlorin IonitaFrancesco CiampiFrancesco ScaleraGeorgeta DragomirGiuseppe GranataHanna TrojanowskaIonela-Corina ChersanKaren GulliverL. Leo FranklinM. Muzamil NaqshbandiManuela Rozalia GaborMarcelino José JorgeMaria João GuedesMiriam JankalováMohsen Malekalketab KhiabaniMongi ArfaouiMonika WieczorekMuath EleswedOzgur DemirtasPriyono Pri PriyonoRadoslav JankalRafiuddin AhmedRoberto Campos da Rocha MirandaSang-Bing TsaiSumathisri BhoopalanTamizhjyothi KailasamTerrill FrantzValeria StefanelliValerija BotricVassili JOANNIDES de LAUTOUR
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 9, No. 11
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: January 2017

International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 11Anna Paola MicheliArash RiasiAshford C CheaCheng JingCristian Marian BarbuEmilio CongregadoEva Mira BolfíkováEwa ZiembaFlorin IonitaFoued HamoudaFrancesco CiampiFrancesco ScaleraGeorgeta DragomirGrzegorz ZasuwaGuillaume MarceauIvo De LooJanusz WielkiJoanna Katarzyna BlachL. Leo FranklinLadislav MuraManuela Rozalia GaborMarcelino José JorgeMaria J. Sanchez-BuenoMiriam JankalováMiroslav Iordanov MateevModar AbdullatifMonika WieczorekPhilippe Van CauwenbergePriyono Pri PriyonoRadoslav JankalRafiuddin AhmedRoberto Campos da Rocha MirandaRosa LombardiSam C OkoroafoSumathisri BhoopalanTamizhjyothi KailasamUmayal KasiValeria StefanelliVassili Joannides
Postmortem recovery of proliferative fibroblasts up to three days in livestock ear skin stored at 35°C
Authors: Singh Mahipal , Degala Venkata N.
Published: January 2017

Effect of elevated temperature (35°C) on postmortem survival of cells in goat, sheep and bovine tissues was studied. Skin explants (n = 30; 2-3 mm2) were cultured in petri dishes after 2, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours of postmortem interval in DMEM media supplemented with 10% FBS, 50 units/mL of penicillin, 50 µg/mL of streptomycin and 2.5 µg/mL of fungizone. Outgrowth of cells around the explants was observed up to 72 h in sheep, 48 h in bovine and 24 h in goats. In general, the number of explants exhibiting outgrowth as well as the level of confluence decreased with increasing postmortem time interval. Secondary cultures established from primary cells for 72 h postmortem interval show cytogenetically stable chromosomes with 54XX[17] normal female sheep karyotype, comparable cell morphology, and growth curve to that of fresh tissue derived cells. Till date these cells have been passaged 21 times and show normal growth. These results suggest that normal, proliferative cells can be recovered from skin tissues stored at an elevated temperature of 35°C in livestock from 24-72 h of postmortem interval. Reprogramming of these cells to clone the dead animals or their use for cell therapies remain to be seen in future.
Physicochemical and Sensory Quality of Brown Sugar: Variables of Processing Study
Authors: Orlandi Raphael Della Maggiore , Verruma-Bernardi Marta Regina , Sartorio Simone Daniela , Borges Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro
Published: January 2017

The lack of standardization in the processing of brown sugar reflects in its physicochemical and sensory quality and, consequently, harms the small producers and cottage industries in the products commercialization. In this context, this work aimed to study the influence of the variables – period of the year, variety of sugar cane, pH and final temperature of juice cooking – on the acquisition of a product that is acceptable according to the physicochemical and sensory requisites. The physicochemical parameters of the sugars that best classified the product presented juice neutral pH (7.0) and finalization temperature at 118 oC for both varieties, in the late period. In the sensory aspect, the sugars of the variety RB92579 found, in a general context, greater acceptance, being classified, also by the judges, as sugars of a darker appearance, smaller granules, less intense sweet aroma and flavor, and high solubility.
Effect of Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) on Yield and Profitability of Cassava and Gari Production Enterprises in Sierra Leone
Authors: Samura Alusaine E. , Lakoh Kepifri A. , Nabay Osman , Fomba Sahr N. , Koroma Joseph P. C.
Published: January 2017

Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) seriously affects cassava (Samura et al., 2013; Fargette et al., 1988). There is limited information on tuberous root yield loss and the profitability of growing improved and local varieties infected with the cassava mosaic virus for tuber and gari production in Sierra Leone. The objectives of the study were to determine yield loss associated with cassava mosaic disease and conduct cost benefit analysis (budgets and break-even analysis) on cassava production using two improved varieties (SLICASS 4 and 6) compared against the local susceptible variety Cocoa, for gari production and Cocoa as a poundable enterprises for the boil and eat market. Activity 1 involved the establishment of a yield loss trial using the paired plot technique. Activity 2 assessed productivity of cassava and gari production. Data collected were analysed using the analytical frame work that incorporates the concept of gross margin analysis as describe by Brown (1979). This included cost benefit analysis (CBA), the net social benefit (NSB) or the excess of total benefit over total cost represents the net present value (NPV) and The Internal Rate of Returns (IRR).The yield loss associated with the local variety Cocoa under this system was 4.27 t/ha which is equivalent to 38.92% yield loss resulting from the cassava mosaic disease infection. SLICASS 4 and SLICASS 6 recorded positive returns to production of tubers and gari. The local variety Cocoa enterprises for gari under the same condition recorded a negative returns even in the 6 year. However Cocoa for the boil and eat market had the highest profit level. The implication of this study is that breeding effort should be geared towards high yielding mosaic resistant varieties that are poundable more profitable and suits the cultural and domestic demand of the producers, processors and consumers.
Auxins Regulations of Branched Spike Development and Expression of TFL, a LEAFY-Like Gene in Branched Spike Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Yue Wang , Fulai Sun , Qingrong Gao , Yanxia Zhang , Nan Wang , Weidong Zhang
Published: January 2017

Branched spike wheat is a hexaploid germplasm with branched rachis on its main rachises, and the crucial period for branched rachises occurrence and development is just after the two ridges stage of shoot apex. Natural [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3butyric acid (IBA)] and synthetic [(1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)] auxins were applied at this period to investigate the spike traits, seedling growth and photosynthesis related characters and expression of a putative homologue of the LEAFY in branched spike wheat. The four types of experienced auxins induced similar effects on these foresaid characters, although the impact extents were different among the auxins treatments. More branched rachis, spikelets, fertile florets and longer branched rachis were obtained in plants with IAA and IBA at 0.1 mM or NAA and 2,4-D at 1.0mM than those plants with no auxin treated. Auxin treatments also increased fresh and dry mass, photosynthetic pigment and parameters. TFL, a LEAFY-like gene was cloned in branched spike wheat and TFL mRNA expression was quantified using real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. Application of the auxins accelerated the rise in TFL expression during the periods of branched rachises occurrence and extension. The data supports the hypothesis that auxins play a central role in the regulation branched spike development and TFL might correlate with the development of branched rachises in branched spike wheat.
Efficiency of Rosemary and Basil Essential Oils on the Shelf-Life Extension of Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) Fillets Stored at 2°C
Authors: Karoui Romdhane , Hassoun Abdo
Published: January 2017

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of rosemary and basil essential oils (EOs) onthe quality of Atlantic mackerel fillets stored at 2°C up to 15 days. Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) fillets were periodically evaluated to assess their textural, color, physicochemical, andspectral characteristics. The results indicated that rosemary and basil treatments were effective for inhibiting the formation of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and lipid oxidation products during storage. Based on TVB-N values, the shelf life of Atlantic mackerel fillets treated with rosemary and basil EOs was extended by 2 and 5 days, respectively, compared to the control group. Similar results were obtained with thiobarbituricacid–reactive substance analysis, which demonstrated an extended shelf life of Atlantic mackerel immersed with rosemary and basil EOs of 2 and 3 days, respectively, compared to the control group. The factorial discriminant analysis applied on the concatenated first five principal components corresponding to the physicochemical, textural, color, and fluorescence measurements allowed clear discrimination of the three groups, because a correct classification rate of 93.3% was obtained. Therefore, treatment with basil and rosemary EOs, as natural biopreservative compounds, could present a high-potential application in the seafood industry.
Star-Shaped and L-Shaped Orthogonal Drawings
Authors: He Xin , He Dayu
Published: January 2017

An orthogonal drawing of a plane graph $G$ is a planar
drawing of $G$, denoted by $D(G)$, such that each vertex of $G$ is
drawn as a point on the plane, and each edge of $G$ is drawn as a sequence
of horizontal and vertical line segments with no crossings.
An orthogonal polygon $P$ is called orthogonally convex if
the intersection of any horizontal or vertical line $L$ and $P$ is
either a single line segment or empty.
An orthogonal drawing $D(G)$ is called orthogonally convex if
all of its internal faces are orthogonally convex polygons.
An orthogonal polygon $P$ is called a star-shaped polygon if
there is a point $p\in P$ such that the entire $P$ is visible from $p$.
An orthogonal drawing $D(G)$ is called a star-shaped orthogonal
drawing (SSOD) if all of its internal faces are star-shaped polygons.
Every SSOD is an orthogonally convex drawing, but the reverse is
not true. SSOD is visually more appealing than orthogonally convex
drawings.
Recently, Chang et al. gave a necessary and sufficient condition for
a plane graph to have an orthogonally convex drawing.
In this paper, we show that if $G$ satisfies the same condition
given by Chang et al., it not only has an orthogonally convex drawing,
but also a SSOD, which can be constructed in linear time.

An orthogonal drawing $D(G)$ is called an $L$-shaped drawing if each
face of $D(G)$ is an $L$-shaped polygon.
In this paper we also show that an $L$-shaped orthogonal drawing can be
constructed in $O(n)$ time.
The same algorithmic technique is used for solving both problems.
It is based on regular edge labeling and is quite different from
the methods used in previous results.
De Polynésie à l’Europe des Lumières. Représentation raciale d’Aotourou et d’Omai en Europe 1769-1776
Authors: Desmarais Marc-André
Published: January 2017

Cet article analyse les manières selon lesquelles fut faite la construction raciale de deux Polynésiens, Aotourou et Omai, ramenés respectivement en France et en Angleterre entre 1769-1776. Plutôt que de considérer les indigènes sur des critères morphologiques, leur représentation raciale est fondée sur la confrontation entre l’expérience de l’altérité et les attentes des contemporains envers Aotourou et Omai. À un point tel que la conjoncture socioculturelle de l’aristocratie européenne devint essentielle au processus de racialisation. Finalement, afin d’être racialisés en un « bon sauvage », les Polynésiens se devaient d’être vertueux et de respecter les pratiques sociales de l’élite aristocratique. Dans le cas contraire, ils seraient associés à une représentation bien inférieure nommée « ignoble sauvage ».
Ségrégation raciale et géographique : le cas de Newark au New Jersey, 1937-1967
Authors: Vallée-Payette Jonathan
Published: January 2017

Nos recherches portent sur la ghettoïsation de la population afro-américaine de 1937 à 1967 à Newark, au New Jersey, soit depuis l’adoption par le Congrès américain du Housing Act de 1937, jusqu'aux émeutes de juillet 1967. Nous démontrons comment un mélange de transformations démographiques, de désindustrialisation et un appareil politique autoritaire à la tête d'une véritable « mafiocratie » locale ont abouti à ce phénomène. Avec le processus de domination de classe, la marginalisation raciale est un élément constitutif de l'urbanisation étasunienne en délimitant les aires géographiques sur la base de l’appartenance ethnique et culturelle d’un groupe. Si le racisme est lié au thème de la domination, sa nature a plus à voir avec l’exclusion. En ce sens, la formation de ghettos et de classes racialisés et marginalisés n’est pas seulement une des conséquences de la culture raciste, mais une de ses nécessités inhérentes. Près de cinquante ans après les émeutes de Newark et alors que des mouvements sociaux de plus en plus importants comme Black Lives Matter lient les problématiques de la lutte au racisme, de déségrégation géographique et de brutalité policière, la question de la marginalisation géographique et politique de la communauté afro-américaine nous apparaît plus actuelle que jamais.
« Une grande fête canadienne » : les Autochtones et le programme Arts et culture des Jeux olympiques de Montréal
Authors: Bureau-Capuano Mélissa
Published: January 2017

Le programme Arts et culture des Jeux olympiques de Montréal, qui eut lieu du 1er juillet au 1er août 1976, put compter sur la participation de plusieurs artistes et artisans autochtones. Les organisateurs du programme se servirent de leur présence afin de mettre en scène un « récit de la nation » fortement marqué par le multiculturalisme. Pour les Autochtones qui prirent part au programme Arts et Culture, les Jeux olympiques représentèrent au contraire une occasion de mettre en valeur leurs cultures et de contester les stéréotypes à leur égard.
An Operations Research Model for the Satisfactory Highway Cruising Speed
Authors: Guo Nailong , Yu Yijun , Lam Kwan
Published: January 2017

Due to the impracticality of optimal highway cruising speed for fuel economy, based on the speed versus miles per gallon curve and data, an operations research model is established to find the satisfactory highway cruising speed for private cars. The model can be successfully solved theoretically to obtain the satisfactory speed that is an optimum balance between fuel economy and highway speed limit.
Hydrogel scaffolds promote neural gene expression and structural reorganization in human astrocyte cultures
Authors: Knight V. Bleu , Serrano Elba E.
Published: January 2017

Biomaterial scaffolds have the potential to enhance neuronal development and regeneration. Understanding the genetic responses of astrocytes and neurons to biomaterials could facilitate the development of synthetic environments that enable the specification of neural tissue organization with engineered scaffolds. In this study, we used high throughput transcriptomic and imaging methods to determine the impact of a hydrogel, PuraMatrix™, on human glial cellsin vitro. Parallel studies were undertaken with cells grown in a monolayer environment on tissue culture polystyrene. When the Normal Human Astrocyte (NHA) cell line is grown in a hydrogel matrix environment, the glial cells adopt a structural organization that resembles that of neuronal-glial cocultures, where neurons form clusters that are distinct from the surrounding glia. Statistical analysis of next generation RNA sequencing data uncovered a set of genes that are differentially expressed in the monolayer and matrix hydrogel environments. Functional analysis demonstrated that hydrogel-upregulated genes can be grouped into three broad categories: neuronal differentiation and/or neural plasticity, response to neural insult, and sensory perception. Our results demonstrate that hydrogel biomaterials have the potential to transform human glial cell identity, and may have applications in the repair of damaged brain tissue.
Minimal Pelvic Fluid in Asymptomatic Children
Authors: Rathaus Valeria , Grunebaum Michael , Konen Osnat , Odsatchy Alexandra , Zissin Rivka , Shapiro Myra , Werner Miriam
Published: January 2017

Objective. To determine the presence of minimal pelvic fluid in asymptomatic children who underwent abdominal sonography. Methods. Between August 1999 and January 2001, we performed abdominal sonography in 396 asymptomatic children and 266 symptomatic children (acute and chronic abdominal pain). The 2 groups were evaluated for the presence of minimal fluid in the pelvis. All the children were divided into 4 subgroups according to age and sex. Results. Minimal pelvic fluid was noted in 28 (7%) of the asymptomatic children, and it was more common in girls (10.2%), especially in girls between the ages of 5 and 15 years. On the contrary, no difference between the age groups was seen in boys. Minimal pelvic fluid was found in 76 (28.6%) of the symptomatic children, with no difference seen between the sexes or age groups. The presence of pelvic fluid was significantly greater in the symptomatic group than in asymptomatic group (P < .001). Conclusions. Our data suggest that the presence of minimal pelvic fluid in children of all ages and both sexes is a physiologic finding and should be evaluated in the appropriate clinical context.
Usefulness of a Prevoiding Transabdominal Sonographic Bladder Scan for Uroflowmetry in Patients Involved in Clinical Studies of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Dicuio Mauro , Creti Stefano , Di Campli Alfonso , Dipietro Rosario , Mannini Daniele , Nanni Giuliano , Dahlstrand Christer , Cuzzocrea Diego Ettore
Published: January 2017

Objective. Flow rate measurements in clinical studies require an amount of voided urine greater than 125 to 150 mL. Often patients do not void sufficient amounts of urine, and having them produce repeated flows is often difficult. Transabdominal sonographic scanning of the bladder is a simple method for estimating bladder volume. We determined by sonography the prevoiding bladder volume needed to void a sufficient amount of urine. Methods. Sixty‐seven patients with a mean age ± SD of 67.5 ± 8.0 years underwent free flow rate measurement. Bladder volume was measured by transabdominal sonography when the patient had the sensation to void and after uroflowmetry to calculate residual urine. Results. The voided volume was 220 ± 127 mL; the postvoiding residual urine volume was 92 ± 88 mL; and the bladder scan volume was 309 ± 158 mL. Among all patients, 23.9% had insufficient voided volumes of less than 125 mL in the flow rate measurements, and 31.3% had voided volumes of less than 150 mL. There was a strong correlation between the prevoiding measured volume and the voided volume (r = 0.836; P < .0001). Linear regression analysis of the flow rate recording yielded the following formula: voided volume = 11,766 + (0.673 × prevoiding volume). Conclusions. Bladder scanning before uroflowmetry is a useful test for reducing the amount of nonevaluable flow rate data. If a voided volume of greater than 125 mL (>150 mL) is required, the mandatory prevoiding bladder scan volume should be greater than 200 mL (>250 mL), which would decrease the number of noneligible flow rate recordings from 23.9% to 4.5% (31.3% to 4.5%).
Sonographic Features of Mesenteric Gas
Authors: Vijayaraghavan S. Boopathy , Krishnaraj Balasundaram , Sarveswaran Venugopal
Published: January 2017

Objective. To describe the sonographic appearance of air in the mesentery of the small bowel. Methods. Sonography was performed with convex and linear array transducers in 2 patients with acute abdomen. Results. In 1 patient, sonography revealed fluid and air in the peritoneal cavity. A thick‐walled small‐bowel loop with a thick echogenic mesentery was seen. Air was seen in the mesentery as linear bright echoes with acoustic shadowing. An uncomplicated diverticulum was seen. In the second patient, air was seen in the thick and echogenic mesentery of a thick‐walled small bowel. An inflamed diverticulum was also seen. Conclusions. Sonographic features of mesenteric air due to perforated diverticulitis of the jejunum are described.
Thorium distributions in high‐ and low‐dust regions and the significance for iron supply
Authors: Hayes Christopher T. , Rosen Jeffrey , McGee David , Boyle Edward A.
Published: January 2017

Thorium and uranium isotopes (232Th, 230Th, 238U, and 234U) were investigated to refine their use for estimating mineral dust deposition and Fe delivery to the ocean. U concentrations and isotope ratios were consistent with conservative behavior and can safely be described using published U‐salinity relationships and global average seawater isotopic composition. Near Barbados, waters affected by the Amazon outflow contained elevated 232Th. This signals one region where the thorium‐dust method is inaccurate because of a confounding continental input. Dissolved 232Th fluxes in this region suggest that Amazonian Fe supply to the adjacent open ocean is much larger than local atmospheric deposition. The colloidal content of dissolved Th south of Bermuda was found to be quite small (2–6%), similar to that found north of Hawaii, despite the order of magnitude higher dust deposition in the Atlantic. This finding supports the assumption that dissolved 232Th and 230Th are scavenged at the same rate despite their different sources and also sheds light on the increase of dissolved 232Th fluxes with integrated depth. Outside the region influenced by Amazon River waters, dissolved 232Th fluxes are compared with Bermudan aerosol Fe deposition to estimate that fractional Th solubility is around 20% in this region. Finally, new dissolved and soluble Fe, Mn, and Cr data from the subtropical North Pacific support the idea that Fe concentrations in the remote ocean are highly buffered, whereas 232Th has a larger dynamic range between high‐ and low‐dust regions.
The role of melt‐rock interaction in the formation of Quaternary high‐MgO potassic basalt from the Greater Khingan Range, northeast China
Authors: Liu Jian‐Qiang , Chen Li‐Hui , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Zhong Yuan , Yu Xun , Zeng Gang , Erdmann Saskia
Published: January 2017

Melt‐rock interaction between ascending melt and peridotite results in mantle metasomatism and also leads to compositional modification of the primary melt. While this process is known to occur, it is less well understood how the reactions and the composition of the resulting magma temporally evolve. Here whole‐rock major and trace element, Sr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf isotopes, and olivine major element composition of Quaternary Nuominhe basalts in the Greater Khingan Range of northeast China are presented to unravel how melt‐rock interaction modified the composition of the high‐MgO potassic basalts as time progressed. The Nuominhe basalts are predominantly basanite with high MgO (8.1–16.8 wt %) and high total alkali content (K2O + Na2O = 6.0–9.2 wt %). They have high K2O/Na2O ratios (K2O/Na2O = 0.77–1.24) and low SiO2 and Al2O3 content (SiO2 = 44.4–48.7 wt %, Al2O3 = 10.5–13.2 wt %). They are characterized by enrichment in strongly incompatible elements, positive Ba, K, and Sr and negative Th, U, Zr, Hf, and Ti anomalies, similar to the composition of enriched mantle (EM1)‐type oceanic island basalts (OIBs). Their isotopic composition also compares to that of EM1‐type OIBs (i.e., with 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70467–0.70483, εNd = −4.1 to −1.5, εHf = −0.3 to 2.3, 206Pb/204Pb = 17.03–17.36). These elemental and isotopic characteristics are consistent with the interpretation that the potassium‐rich melts were derived from recycled crustal materials with EM1 signature. Phlogopite‐bearing mantle xenoliths and zoned olivine xenocrysts with high Fo89–92 and low CaO (<0.1 wt %) core and low Fo75–86 and high CaO (>0.1 wt %) rim composition record interaction between the ascending melt and mantle peridotite. Basalts erupted during late stages (Late Pleistocene and Holocene) of activity at the Nuominhe volcanic field show notably higher SiO2 content, Rb/Nb, Ba/Nb, K/La, and Ba/La, and lower MgO content than early‐stage basalts (Early and Middle Pleistocene), which we infer to reflect a temporally decreasing extent of melt‐rock interaction. During early stages of melt ascent, a reaction zone between melt channels and unreacted peridotite formed; at later stages this reaction zone effectively sealed the ascending melt from further reaction, resulting in increasing Rb/Nb, Ba/Nb, K/La, and Ba/La signatures of the erupted lavas.
Present‐day irrigation mitigates heat extremes
Authors: Thiery Wim , Davin Edouard L. , Lawrence David M. , Hirsch Annette L. , Hauser Mathias , Seneviratne Sonia I.
Published: January 2017

Irrigation is an essential practice for sustaining global food production and many regional economies. Emerging scientific evidence indicates that irrigation substantially affects mean climate conditions in different regions of the world. Yet how this practice influences climate extremes is currently unknown. Here we use ensemble simulations with the Community Earth System Model to assess the impacts of irrigation on climate extremes. An evaluation of the model performance reveals that irrigation has a small yet overall beneficial effect on the representation of present‐day near‐surface climate. While the influence of irrigation on annual mean temperatures is limited, we find a large impact on temperature extremes, with a particularly strong cooling during the hottest day of the year (−0.78 K averaged over irrigated land). The strong influence on extremes stems from the timing of irrigation and its influence on land‐atmosphere coupling strength. Together these effects result in asymmetric temperature responses, with a more pronounced cooling during hot and/or dry periods. The influence of irrigation is even more pronounced when considering subgrid‐scale model output, suggesting that local effects of land management are far more important than previously thought. Our results underline that irrigation has substantially reduced our exposure to hot temperature extremes in the past and highlight the need to account for irrigation in future climate projections.