bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to organize the extension of the service life of wagon retarders
Authors: Канухин К.А. , Зубов С.С. , Кобзев В.А.
Published: August 2024

В статье рассмотрен процесс организации работ по восстановлению ресурса и продлению срока службы вагонных замедлителей, жизненно важных компонентов системы регулирования скорости отцепов на сортировочных горках, включая алгоритм оценки соответствия функционального ресурса вагонного замедлителя нормативным документам. Приведена рекомендуемая форма контрольно-оценочной карты с составом выполняемых работ, перечень которых может корректироваться в зависимости от конкретного типа и исполнения вагонного замедлителя.

This article outlines the process for extending the service life of wagon retarders, vital components in railway operations. It focuses on the restoration of resources and the establishment of a new designated service life according to regulatory standards. The process begins with an order from the head of the infrastructure directorate, prepared by the automation and telemechanics service, and involves the formation of a qualification commission. This commission assesses the technical condition of wagon retarders nearing the end of their service life, including evaluations of functional resource, physical wear, and residual resource, and compiles control-assessment cards. The assessment process is detailed through organizational and technical measures, addressing challenges such as financial resource allocation and restoration feasibility. Outcomes may lead to modernization, new construction, or limited continued use. The article emphasizes the importance of maintaining safety and efficiency in railway operations through meticulous resource management and adherence to technical requirements.
The structure of an autonomous integrated high-precision positioning system for railway transport facilities
Authors: Охотников А.Л. , Соколов С.В.
Published: August 2024

В статье представлены задачи и характеристики высокоточного позиционирования подвижных транспортных объектов, в частности, беспилотных (автономных) локомотивов. Указаны кинематические параметры, характеризующие движение транспортных объектов, и перечень опорных объектов инфраструктуры, относительно которых двигается поезд. Предложено рассматривать высокоточную систему позиционирования автономного поезда как интегрированную систему, обеспечивающую комплексирование данных от различных навигационных датчиков, датчиков системы технического зрения и цифровой модели пути.

The paper presents the tasks and accuracy characteristics of high-precision positioning of mobile transportation objects, in particular, unmanned (autonomous) locomotives. The kinematic parameters characterizing the motion of transport objects and reference infrastructure objects relative to which the train moves are considered. To provide a guaranteed solution to the considered problems, it can be argued that a high-precision positioning system for an autonomous train should be an integrated system that provides the complexing of data from various navigation sensors, vision system sensors and a digital track model.
Khu vực kinh tế chưa được quan sát: Nhận biết và phương pháp đo lường
Authors: Triệu Kim Lanh  , Đặng Thị Quỳnh Anh  , Nguyễn Đặng Hải Yến
Published: August 2024

Bài viết tổng hợp các quan điểm hiện nay về khu vực kinh tế chưa được quan sát, phân biệt khái niệm “kinh tế chưa được quan sát” và khái niệm “kinh tế phi chính thức” (KTPCT). Đồng thời, bài viết cũng xác định rõ nội hàm của khái niệm khu vực kinh tế chưa được quan sát ở Việt Nam, giới thiệu các thành phần của khu vực này, tổng hợp một số cách tiếp cận và đo lường khu vực kinh tế chưa được quan sát được sử dụng phổ biến trên thế giới, tạo nên một bức tranh tổng thể về mặt phương pháp luận đối với khu vực kinh tế chưa được quan sát tại Việt Nam.
Các yếu tố tác động đến kết quả học tập của sinh viên tại Trường Đại học Ngân hàng Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Như Quỳnh  , Phạm Thị Ngọc Anh
Published: August 2024

Uy tín của một trường đại học phụ thuộc rất lớn vào năng lực của sinh viên. Do vậy, kết quả học tập (KQHT) (phản ánh một phần thước đo năng lực) là một trong những mối quan tâm hàng đầu của hầu hết sinh viên các trường đại học, cũng như cán bộ hỗ trợ, giảng viên và ban giám hiệu. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu nhằm xác định các yếu tố tác động đến KQHT của sinh viên Trường Đại học Ngân hàng Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (BUH). Sử dụng dữ liệu sơ cấp qua khảo sát bằng bảng câu hỏi theo thang đo Likert 5 mức độ đối với 380 sinh viên bằng phương pháp phân tích nhân tố khám phá (EFA), kết quả cho thấy, các yếu tố: khả năng tự học của sinh viên, học bổng, kỳ vọng về tương lai và mức độ tương tác với giảng viên có tác động tích cực đến KQHT của sinh viên BUH. Tuy nhiên, nghiên cứu chưa tìm thấy mối quan hệ giữa động lực học tập, cơ sở vật chất đối với KQHT của sinh viên. Từ các kết quả nghiên cứu trên, bài viết đề xuất một số các kiến nghị nhằm nâng cao KQHT của sinh viên BUH
Ảnh hưởng liên kết của rủi ro tín dụng và thanh khoản đến sự ổn định của hệ thống ngân hàng thương mại Việt Nam
Authors: Võ Thị Thúy Kiều  , Lê Thông Tiến
Published: August 2024

Sự gắn liền của rủi ro tín dụng (RRTD) với rủi ro thanh khoản (RRTK) đặt ra nhiều thách thức đối với sự ổn định của hệ thống ngân hàng. Dựa trên bộ dữ liệu 22 ngân hàng thương mại (NHTM) Việt Nam giai đoạn 2006–2019, bài nghiên cứu xem xét mối quan hệ giữa RRTD và thanh khoản thông qua ước lượng GMM hai giai đoạn và phân tích nhân quả bằng mô hình véc tơ tự hồi quy cho dữ liệu bảng (PVAR). Kết quả nghiên cứu tìm thấy được bằng chứng thống kê về ảnh hưởng tích cực của thanh khoản đến RRTD. Đồng thời, ảnh hưởng liên kết của thanh khoản và RRTD đối với sự ổn định của hệ thống ngân hàng, được đo lường bởi Z-score, cũng được xác nhận thông qua mô hình dữ liệu bảng động. Một trong những đóng góp của nghiên cứu là tìm ra ngưỡng thanh khoản xấp xỉ 13,44%. Ảnh hưởng tiêu cực của RRTD có khả năng bị triệt tiêu khi thanh khoản vượt xa giá trị ngưỡng 13,44%.
Tác động của thu nhập các hoạt động ngoài lãi đến lợi nhuận tại các ngân hàng thương mại Việt Nam
Authors: Huỳnh Thị Hương Thảo  , Phạm Thị Kim Ánh  , Ngô Minh Phương
Published: August 2024

Trong điều kiện nền kinh tế mở với sự thay đổi đáng kể của công nghệ, môi trường cạnh tranh và nhu cầu của khách hàng, các ngân hàng trên thế giới và tại Việt Nam đã có xu hướng đa dạng hóa các hoạt động kinh doanh sang một hay nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau nhằm hạn chế và phân tán rủi ro, tăng nguồn thu cho ngân hàng. Bài viết này nhằm nghiên cứu tác động của các thành phần tạo thu nhập ngoài lãi (TNNL) đến lợi nhuận của ngân hàng với các chỉ tiêu: lợi nhuận sau thuế trên tổng tài sản bình quân (ROAA), lợi nhuận sau thuế trên vốn chủ sở hữu bình quân (ROEA), thu nhập lãi cận biên (NIM) qua mô hình Pooled OLS, FEM, REM, GMM. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, các thành phần của TNNL có tác động cùng chiều đến ROAA, ROEA nhưng tác động ngược chiều đến NIM, từ đó đề xuất giải pháp về các hoạt động kinh doanh ngoài lãi để nâng cao hiệu quả kinh doanh của các ngân hàng thương mại (NHTM) Việt Nam.
PENDIDIKAN POLITIK BAGI PEMUDA SEBAGAI HAK PEMENUHAN DEMOKRASI KECAMATAN ALALAK, BARITO KUALA
Authors: Abdurrohim Muhammad , Tayibnapis Radita Gora , Indrawan Jerry , Yuliandri Putrawan , Ekalia Ermita , Ayu Andina Mustika
Published: August 2024

Community service activities with the theme of political education targeting youth in Handil Bakti Urban Village as target groups in the form of socialization. This service activity is included in the direct political socialization theme like the development of Indonesia politics, media and politics and political communication because the evolution of Indonesian political campaign nowadays. Survey and socialising are the two steps of this service's implementation. The survey was conducted to learn more about the target group's perceptions of political engagement, and the socialisation process sought to improve political literacy and raise awareness of young people's responsibilities as citizens. Because political engagement is one of the key indicators of democracy and is crucial to renewing a nation's democratic spirit, the goal of this political education is to increase both the quantity and quality of involvement in the election cycle.
La Revolución de la Inteligencia Artificial en la Educación Superior: Impacto, Beneficios y Desafíos
Authors: Villamil Cavagnaro Christian José , Rodríguez Cavagnaro José Ronny , Flores Beltrán Patricia Katherine , Suarez Mendoza Joel Gonzalo , Cedeño Salazar Pedro Antonio
Published: August 2024

En un contexto donde la tecnología redefine permanentemente el panorama educativo en todos sus niveles, la integración de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en la educación superior emerge como un catalizador de cambio disruptivo. Este artículo explora el impacto positivo de la IA en la personalización del aprendizaje, la eficiencia administrativa vinculada al proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje, además, también aborda desafíos relevantes como la brecha digital y la necesidad de garantizar un acceso equitativo a las herramientas tecnológicas. Se examina la importancia y se discute la falta de políticas inclusivas que promuevan la capacitación docente y el desarrollo ético en el uso de la IA, asegurando la transparencia en conjunto con la protección de datos; además, se destaca la necesidad de aprovechas responsablemente las capacidades de la IA para transformar el modelo educativo con miras hacia uno más accesible, efectivo y equitativo en el sistema de educación superior.
ANÁLISE DAS PRODUÇÕES AUDIOVISUAIS DA TV ANÍSIO TEIXEIRA COM ABORDAGEM NA ÁREA DE CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA: uma proposição pedagógica de educação em saúde e ambiental do programa cotidiano no ensino básico
Authors: Florindo Mateus Ana Cristina , Pereira dos Santos Pinheiro Josemare
Published: August 2024

O presente estudo se insere no campo de discussões sobre o uso didático das tecnologias digitais educacionais, especificamente, na abordagem da incorporação destas mídias nas práticas pedagógicas dos componentes curriculares no ensino básico, tomando como objeto de análise as produções audiovisuais da TV Anísio Teixeira. O objetivo da pesquisa foi elaborar um instrumento de orientação pedagógica que abordasse as temáticas relacionadas à educação em saúde e ambiental com ênfase na área de Ciências da Natureza, identificando-as nos objetos do conhecimento desta área e alinhando-as às orientações pedagógicas dos documentos normativos de referência, sugerindo possibilidades  de estratégias metodológicas para o exercício da prática docente. Para tanto, buscou-se identificar os episódios do programa Cotidiano, produzidos no período 2013 e gravados em 2014, cujos episódios estão disponíveis na Plataforma Anísio Teixeira acessíveis  livremente, estimulando à comunidade escolar para sua utilização. A pesquisa é de abordagem quali-quantitativa e de caráter descritivo, com ênfase em análise documental das mídias que estão na seção da TV Anísio Teixeira, cujas abordagens conceituais estejam alinhadas com as competências específicas e habilidades dos documentos normativos das esferas nacional e estaduais analisados concernente aos aspectos socioambientais e sociossanitários, com finalidades pedagógicas voltadas para construção das aprendizagens de Educação em Saúde e Ambiental. Verificou-se nos resultados do estudo que possibilita a promoção de aprendizagens significativas a partir do uso didático destas produções audiovisuais, nas aulas (inter)ativas como disparadores pedagógicos e mobilização dos conhecimentos prévios de modo contextualizado, lúdico, ético e crítico dos estudantes sobre as temáticas supracitadas, como uma ação educacional inovadora para saúde única.
Competence of proficient teachers in public elementary schools at the Lemery sub-office as the basis for the development of localized professional guidelines
Authors: Lucero Catherine
Published: August 2024

Project STAGE (Setting Targets, Achieving Goals Effectively) emerged as a response to the imperative need to enhance teacher competence within the educational landscape. Rooted in the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST) and aligned with the Basic Education Development Plan 2030 (BEDP 2030), Project STAGE served as a comprehensive guide for teachers in their pursuit of excellence. This thesis investigated the impact of Project STAGE on teacher competence in the Lemery Sub Office during the academic year 2024-2025. Employing a quantitative descriptive research design, the study delved into the demographic profiles, performance in PPST key result areas, challenges experienced, and proposed professional guidelines for enhancing teacher performance. Findings revealed a diverse population of proficient teachers with varying educational backgrounds and experience levels. While proficient teachers demonstrated very satisfactory performance across PPST key result areas, areas for improvement were identified, particularly in differentiated learning experiences for diverse learners. The study underscored the importance of targeted interventions to address specific challenges and enhance teaching effectiveness. It recommended fostering diversity among proficient teachers, developing interventions, recognizing and supporting the professional development of the teachers, and establishing comprehensive support systems to address challenges faced by teachers. Ultimately, Project STAGE emerged as a transformative initiative, offering actionable insights and practical strategies to elevate teacher competence and foster a culture of continuous improvement within the educational community. Read the full text here.
An Automated Entrance Examination Checker Using Optical Mark Recognition
Authors: Lainez Sheryl May D. , Gresos Leo Joshua Q. , Maganggo Via Karen A.
Published: August 2024

Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) serves as a valuable data entry tool, especially in education and testing, by capturing human-marked data from document forms like surveys and tests. This paper presented an automated system for expeditiously and accurately checking the entrance examinations of new students, streamlining the transaction process for university freshmen enrollees. This transition from manual to automated assessment or grading expedites the checking of a 250-item multiple choice exam. The system comprises two main components: hardware and software. The hardware component integrates a microcontroller, LCD, and camera, while the software component is represented by the proposed system. Through the system, the answer sheets can be scanned, the results stored in the database, and the student's score displayed on the device's LCD screen, while also generating report of the entrance exam results in an Excel file. This study utilized Rapid Application Development methodology. The system underwent beta testing and university admission staff and first year students served as the participants. Based on the testing results, they experienced using the system and validated the intended system's features. This proves that the proposed system efficiently scans marks for all valid answers and accurately processes score results from a large number of answer sheets.
"Ni Caudillo ni Rey: República". El republicanismo español como proyecto alternativo a la reforma política de la Transición (1975-1977)
Authors: Movellán Haro Jesús
Published: August 2024

Durante la Transición hacia la democracia en España los defensores del republicanismo histórico español, ya fuera desde el exilio -principalmente-, o desde la clandestinidad del interior, habían conseguido mantener vivo el imaginario republicano. Los defensores de esta cultura política tan diversa, reunidos entonces, sobre todo, bajo el partido republicano Acción Republicana Democrática Española (ARDE) y las instituciones del Gobierno de la República en el Exilio, plantearon una decidida oposición al proceso de apertura política posterior a noviembre de 1975. Una vez se consolidó la sucesión monárquica y se inició el propio proceso de transición, los republicanos buscaron participar en este nuevo contexto político, y es sobre sus reflexiones, propuestas y expectativas sobre lo que trataremos en este artículo.
La fallida candidatura de Gumersindo de Azcárate por el distrito de Villafranca del Bierzo en las elecciones constituyentes de 1873: ética personal versus compromiso político
Authors: Balado Insunza Francisco M.
Published: August 2024

Este artículo relata, desde una perspectiva política, hechos acontecidos durante la primavera de 1873, tras la proclamación de la República en España por vez primera, que consistieron en la posibilidad, fallida, de que Gumersindo de Azcárate, en el inicio de su carrera política, fuese candidato a diputado en las elecciones a Cortes constituyentes, celebradas en el mes de mayo del citado año, por el distrito de Villafranca del Bierzo.
El episodio muestra los factores de carácter nacional y local que conformaban el juego electoral, en el que se van sucediendo situaciones entrecruzadas que determinaron, definitivamente, la no presentación de Azcárate a las elecciones, en un contexto de convulsión política general y también provincial, cuyo análisis conjunto resulta de notable interés histórico tanto por la metodología utilizada, el análisis político-cultural junto al estudio del contexto local, como por el manejo de documentación de archivo hasta ahora inédita.
Uma análise sobre cidades inteligentes a partir do Direito Constitucional
Authors: Henriques da Fonseca Paulo , Trajano Bezerra Ana Clara , Vieira Abrantes Ana Clara
Published: August 2024

A premissa básica deste artigo é relacionar as “cidades inteligentes” (Smarts Cities) e a Constituição Federal de 1988, tomando como eixos teóricos e críticos o binômio emancipação e regulação de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, assim como o eixo temático da Administração Pública. As categorias do Direito Constitucional analisadas foram a classificação das Constituições em sentido culturalista e dirigente, o movimento do Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano e a repartição de competências. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o conceito de Smart City e analisá-la sob a perspectiva da Constituição Federal de 1988 e legislação brasileira. O método utilizado foi o dedutivo e hermenêutico, por meio da pesquisa qualitativa utilizando a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Analisa-se assim, criticamente, como a dimensão emancipatória da Constituição se relaciona com a regulação tecnológica nesse cenário das Smart Cities. Foi concluído que a concepção de Smart City ainda se dá num cenário de dispensa da tecnologia constitucional, premiando a eficiência produtiva e econômica. A visão de Cidade Inteligente como um espaço exclusivamente destinado ao protagonismo tecnológico e o exercício da cidadania como fator secundário necessita ser repensada.
Evaluating the potential of retinal photography in chronic kidney disease detection: a review
Authors: Amir Hamzah Nur Asyiqin , Wan Zaki Wan Mimi Diyana , Wan Abdul Halim Wan Haslina , Mustafar Ruslinda , Saad Assyareefah Hudaibah
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health concern, emphasizing the necessity of early detection to facilitate prompt clinical intervention. Leveraging the unique ability of the retina to offer insights into systemic vascular health, it emerges as an interesting, non-invasive option for early CKD detection. Integrating this approach with existing invasive methods could provide a comprehensive understanding of patient health, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment effectiveness.

Objectives

The purpose of this review is to critically assess the potential of retinal imaging to serve as a diagnostic tool for CKD detection based on retinal vascular changes. The review tracks the evolution from conventional manual evaluations to the latest state-of-the-art in deep learning.

Survey Methodology

A comprehensive examination of the literature was carried out, using targeted database searches and a three-step methodology for article evaluation: identification, screening, and inclusion based on Prisma guidelines. Priority was given to unique and new research concerning the detection of CKD with retinal imaging. A total of 70 publications from 457 that were initially discovered satisfied our inclusion criteria and were thus subjected to analysis. Out of the 70 studies included, 35 investigated the correlation between diabetic retinopathy and CKD, 23 centered on the detection of CKD via retinal imaging, and four attempted to automate the detection through the combination of artificial intelligence and retinal imaging.

Results

Significant retinal features such as arteriolar narrowing, venular widening, specific retinopathy markers (like microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and exudates), and changes in arteriovenous ratio (AVR) have shown strong correlations with CKD progression. We also found that the combination of deep learning with retinal imaging for CKD detection could provide a very promising pathway. Accordingly, leveraging retinal imaging through this technique is expected to enhance the precision and prognostic capacity of the CKD detection system, offering a non-invasive diagnostic alternative that could transform patient care practices.

Conclusion

In summary, retinal imaging holds high potential as a diagnostic tool for CKD because it is non-invasive, facilitates early detection through observable microvascular changes, offers predictive insights into renal health, and, when paired with deep learning algorithms, enhances the accuracy and effectiveness of CKD screening.
Hacia una ontología del escuchar. Fundamento del diálogo intercultural
Authors: Gueijman Patricia
Published: August 2024

Desde una mirada metafísica perspectivista y raciovitalista se pretende hacer un análisis del “escuchar” extrayendo de ello consecuencias aplicables al diálogo y a las prácticas interculturales, con el objetivo de realizar un aporte teórico sobre el arte de escuchar para que se efectúe un cambio liberador en el diálogo humano y un rescate de actitudes y características positivas de escuchas entre diversas sabidurías, tendiente a superar el eurocentrismo filosófico – teológico occidental hegemónico
Comparative Evaluation of Solubility of a Single Shade Resin Composite with Conventional Composite: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Sonaje Pranauti , Katge Farhin , Shetty Shilpa , Patil Devendra , Patel Trisha
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Resin composites have been commonly used in restorative dentistry over the years. The longevity of restorations depends upon various physical properties like as solubility. Composite solubility can lead to deleterious effects on the polymer structure. Aim: To evaluate and compare the solubility of a single shade resin composite in comparison to a conventional resin composite in artificial saliva. Materials and Methods: In the present in-vitro study, 44 pellets (10 mm × 1 mm) were prepared from each material. The pellets were divided into two groups (n=22) based on the immersion period of two days and seven days. They were incubated, weighed using an analytical balance, and then immersed in artificial saliva. Weighing was done again after the completion of the immersion period, and solubility was calculated. Paired and independent sample t-tests were used to compare the solubility of both materials after two days and seven days. Results: The differences of solubility values for the single shade composite and conventional composite at two and seven-day intervals were (p=0.031) and (p=0.019), respectively, which were statistically significant. On inter-group comparison, the difference in solubility of the single shade composite at two days was significantly lower compared to conventional composites (p=0.024). Whereas, no significant difference was observed in solubility values between both groups at seven days (p=0.102). Conclusion: The performance of the single shade composite in terms of solubility was better in comparison with conventional composite.
Paget’s Disease of Maxilla with Paranasal Sinuses: A Case Report
Authors: Veeramani Amurtham , Raj RR Mahendra , Thalaimalai Saravanan , Moorthy Abirami , Paramasivam Preethi
Published: August 2024

Paget’s disease of bone is a chronic skeletal disorder affecting predominantly elderly individuals. The pelvic girdle is the most common site to be affected; however, other sites such as long bones, spine, and skull are also frequently affected. The diagnosis of Paget’s disease is made through careful radiographic, biochemical and histopathological analysis. Although involvement of the maxilla is common, the involvement of the paranasal sinuses is comparatively rare. Radiographic presentation of skull lesions ranges from osteolysis to cortical thickening, with characteristic cotton-wool radiopacities and diploe thickening. A rise in serum alkaline phosphatase without a significant elevation in serum calcium and vitamin D levels is regarded as a typical biochemical sign of the disease. Paget’s disease of bone often presents asymptomatically in most cases until deformity becomes apparent. It is successfully treated with bisphosphonates, a group of anti-resorptive drugs, thereby reducing the associated morbidity and mortality. In the present case, Paget’s disease of the skull involving the maxilla with obliteration of the paranasal sinuses was diagnosed in an elderly female who presented with swelling in the posterior maxillary region and markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels, while calcium and phosphate levels are typically within normal limits. Hereby, the authors present a case report of 64-year-old female patient with Paget’s disease of bone with craniofacial involvement resulting in cotton-wool radiopacities of the skull and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. The patient was under pharmacological management with bisphosphonates and calcium supplements.
Marketing of Fruits and Vegetables in the Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee, Vashi, Navi Mumbai
Authors: Bhadani Samirkumar R. , Mishra Snehal
Published: August 2024

The research focuses on understanding the marketing dynamics and identifying areas for improvement in the supply chain. This study examines the sales and purchase practices, marketing costs, and factors influencing prices in the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Vashi market for fruits and vegetables. Data were collected from the 30 farmers, 40 wholesalers/commission agents and 30 retailers through structured questionnaires, between January 2024 and April 2024 and a purposive sampling technique was chosen to gather specific information. The findings reveal that middlemen, such as Local Agent (35%), pre-harvest contractors (15%) and commission agents (12.5%), play a significant role in the supply chain, leading to increased costs and reduced profits for farmers. The study also highlights notable variations in marketing costs, margins, and price spreads across different commodities. Market competition emerges as a crucial factor influencing prices, emphasizing the need for a competitive market environment.
Review on Fern: A Fascinating Foliage
Authors: G N Nagajyothi , Taj Amreen , G B Kavana , Meghana K
Published: August 2024

Ferns are the fascinating non-flowering vascular plants found mostly in humid areas as ornamental plants. These are grown all over the word mainly in tropical rain forest areas, which can be easily propagated by spores or vegetatively by rhizomes or bulblets. Because of its varied morphology in frond structures, used as a filler material in decorations, bouquets, flower arrangements and as groundcover, pot plant in landscaping. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and nuanced portrayal of ferns, emphasizing their intricate morphology, phylogenetic classification, reproduction and importance in food industry, medicinal benefits industrial utility and ecological importance.
The Growth Performance of Abalone Shells (Haliotis squamata) with Different Types of Macroalgae Feeding in Polycultural Cultivation with Snubnose Pompano (Trachinotus blochii)
Authors: Irawati Betari Athiyah , Junaidi Muhammad , Dwiyanti Septiana
Published: August 2024

Polyculture system is one of the cultivation efforts by using two different types of biota in the same environment at the same time. Abalone (Haliotis squamata) and Snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) are two species that show complementary potential in polyculture systems. In polyculture systems, Abalone feed is generally macroalgae. Different types of macroalgae can have different impacts on the growth and survival of Abalone and snubnose pompano in polyculture systems. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the growth performance of Abalone mussels by feeding different macroalgae. This study used an experimental method with a complete randomized design (CRD). The results showed that different types of macroalgae feed in the maintenance of Abalone mussels with snubnose pompano had a significant effect on growth (absolute length and absolute weight) and the best survival of Abalone (Haliotis squamata) was in maintenance with Gracilaria sp
Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on Growth of Corn under Water Stress Condition
Authors: Gaikwad Narayan , Verma Shikha
Published: August 2024

Drought is the major abiotic stress which has been increased over the past decades affecting world’s food security. One possibility to increase the drought tolerance is to use beneficial microorganisms as seed treatment. In this study the seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum on the growth of Corn (Zea mays L.) under water stress condition has been tested. Parameters including drought tolerance capacity, shoot length, root length, plant height and chlorophyll content were recorded in all the treatments along with the untreated control. Application of Trichoderma harzianum during seed biopriming treatments in corn was found more effective in drought tolerance and resulted in improved vegetative growth performance in water stress condition. Among all the treatments Trichoderma harzianum seed treatment with water stress condition was found highly effective in reducing the water stress by increasing the cumulative mean water stress tolerance duration up to 6.54 days after the last irrigation followed by untreated seed with water stress condition with mean water stress tolerance of 5.36 days. Maximum cumulative mean shoot growth root growth and chlorophyll content 164 cm, 40 cm and 39.63 SPAD units respectively were recorded with Trichoderma harzianum seed treatment with water stress condition followed by Trichoderma harzianum seed treatment with regular irrigation having 163.25 cm, 38.25 cm and 37.29 SPAD units respectively. The seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum. is comparatively easy, cost effective and ecofriendly practice for the farmers and good alternatives for chemical pesticides and fertilizers it also safe for environment.
Cultivating Tomorrow: A Review on Biostimulants and Their Transformative Role in Agriculture
Authors: S Senthilkumar , Kuppusamy Senthil , M Baskar , KR Vijayalatha , R Jayavalli , S Nithila , K Sujatha , Palai Santwana
Published: August 2024

The need to feed a world population that is expanding, soil deterioration, and climate change are all serious difficulties for agriculture. Seaweed extracts, humic materials, and microbial cultures are among the natural sources of biostimulants, a family of compounds that provide a revolutionary means of augmenting plant growth and resistance. Biostimulants, as opposed to conventional fertilizers and insecticides, enhance nutrient uptake, promote stress tolerance, and stimulate natural processes to improve plant health. The various forms of biostimulants, such as amino acids, protein hydrolysates, seaweed extracts, and advantageous microbes and fungi, are examined in this review. It explores various modes of action, including enhanced interactions with the soil microbiome, hormone modulation, and antioxidant activities.  Biostimulants provide a wide range of potential advantages, including higher crop yields, better resilience to environmental stresses, and a decreased need for chemical inputs, all of which support more environmentally friendly farming methods. The need for environmentally sustainable agricultural solutions is driving a sharp increase in the usage of biostimulants, according to market trends. Sales are expected to exceed 2 billion globally by 2018, thus farmers will likely embrace them more widely as they look for more affordable and ecologically friendly options. Standardizing biostimulant chemicals and comprehending their intricate interactions across many agricultural systems, however, continue to provide difficulties. This review attempts to give a thorough summary of the state of biostimulant research as it stands today, emphasizing significant discoveries, innovations in technology, and potential paths forward. This study highlights the potential of biostimulants to transform contemporary agriculture and make it more robust, sustainable, and able to meet the demands of global food security by promoting a deeper understanding of them.
Usage of Mobile Phone Technologies of Agricultural Extension Services Utilized by Farmers
Authors: Abbas I Rasheeth , Ramakrishnan K , Velusamy R , Selvarani G , Sivasankari B
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the different types of agricultural informations obtained by the farmers through mobile phone technologies of agricultural extension services in Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu. The research examines the penetration of mobile phones, farmers' familiarity with various agricultural apps and services, and the impact of these technologies on farming practices. Through surveys and interviews with 150 farmers, the study reveals the awareness level of the farmers in using mobile phones for agriculture. The results indicate regarding the Government schemes related to agriculture more number of farmers (13 per cent) using mobile phones, this highlighting the potential for mobile technologies to enhance agricultural productivity and knowledge dissemination in the region. This research contributes to understanding the role of digital technologies in modernizing agricultural extension services in rural India.
Exploration of Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Pentaclethra macrophylla in Okigwe, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Dick Joy Nzubechi , Uzoh Chukwuma Victor , Jumbo Ugonma Kendra , Eze Rita Amarachi , Uwagwu Samuel Oluwatoniloba , Okezie Ozioma Priscilla
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Lactic acid bacteria, commonly found in fermented foods, are renowned for their potential health benefits, attracting significant attention for their possible contributions to human well-being. This study focuses on evaluating the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Pentaclethra macrophylla in Okigwe, Imo State.
Methods: Pentaclethra macrophylla, a fermented food product known locally as Ugba, was sourced from vendors at Eke Okigwe Market, Okigwe, Imo State.
Results: Three distinct lactic acid bacterial: Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus species and Pediococcus species were identified and characterized based on morphological and biochemical features, confirming their classification as lactic acid bacteria and Lactobacillus species. The isolates exhibited Gram-positive, non-motile, and catalase-negative characteristics consistent with established criteria. Regarding probiotic traits, cholesterol assimilation varied among the isolates, with B2 demonstrating the highest assimilation potential - 75% at 10% and an impressive 85% at 20%. Bile salt assimilation showed concentration-dependent responses, with B2 displaying superior tolerance - 51.6% growth at 20% bile concentration. Moreover, all isolates exhibited robust growth across acidic pH levels (3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 7.0), underscoring their resilience to acidic environments.
Conclusion: This study underscores the promising probiotic characteristics of the isolated lactic acid bacteria strains, positioning them as potential candidates for developing functional food supplements. Further investigation into their interactions with other microorganisms and intestinal epithelial cells promises valuable insights into their viability and effectiveness for practical applications in functional foods. This research contributes to ongoing exploration of indigenous probiotic strains, suggesting avenues for integration into the food and health sectors.
Robust, low‐cost data loggers for stream temperature, flow intermittency, and relative conductivity monitoring
Authors: Chapin Thomas P. , Todd Andrew S. , Zeigler Matthew P.
Published: July 2014

Water temperature and streamflow intermittency are critical parameters influencing aquatic ecosystem health. Low‐cost temperature loggers have made continuous water temperature monitoring relatively simple but determining streamflow timing and intermittency using temperature data alone requires significant and subjective data interpretation. Electrical resistance (ER) sensors have recently been developed to overcome the major limitations of temperature‐based methods for the assessment of streamflow intermittency. This technical note introduces the STIC (Stream Temperature, Intermittency, and Conductivity logger); a robust, low‐cost, simple to build instrument that provides long‐duration, high‐resolution monitoring of both relative conductivity (RC) and temperature. Simultaneously collected temperature and RC data provide unambiguous water temperature and streamflow intermittency information that is crucial for monitoring aquatic ecosystem health and assessing regulatory compliance. With proper calibration, the STIC relative conductivity data can be used to monitor specific conductivity.
Drivers of decadal hiatus periods in the 20th and 21st centuries
Authors: Maher Nicola , Gupta Alexander Sen , England Matthew H.
Published: July 2014

The latest generation of climate model simulations are used to investigate the occurrence of hiatus periods in global surface air temperature in the past and under two future warming scenarios. Hiatus periods are identified in three categories: (i) those due to volcanic eruptions, (ii) those associated with negative phases of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), and (iii) those affected by anthropogenically released aerosols in the mid‐twentieth century. The likelihood of future hiatus periods is found to be sensitive to the rate of change of anthropogenic forcing. Under high rates of greenhouse gas emissions there is little chance of a hiatus decade occurring beyond 2030, even in the event of a large volcanic eruption. We further demonstrate that most nonvolcanic hiatuses across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models are associated with enhanced cooling in the equatorial Pacific linked to the transition to a negative IPO phase.
Contribution of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols to the changing Euro‐Mediterranean climate since 1980
Authors: Nabat Pierre , Somot Samuel , Mallet Marc , Sanchez‐Lorenzo Arturo , Wild Martin
Published: July 2014

Since the 1980s anthropogenic aerosols have been considerably reduced in Europe and the Mediterranean area. This decrease is often considered as the likely cause of the brightening effect observed over the same period. This phenomenon is however hardly reproduced by global and regional climate models. Here we use an original approach based on reanalysis‐driven coupled regional climate system modeling to show that aerosol changes explain 81 ± 16% of the brightening and 23 ± 5% of the surface warming simulated for the period 1980–2012 over Europe. The direct aerosol effect is found to dominate in the magnitude of the simulated brightening. The comparison between regional simulations and homogenized ground‐based observations reveals that observed surface solar radiation and land and sea surface temperature spatiotemporal variations over the Euro‐Mediterranean region are only reproduced when simulations include the realistic aerosol variations.
First global observations of the mesospheric potassium layer
Authors: Dawkins E. C. M. , Plane J. M. C. , Chipperfield M. P. , Feng W. , Gumbel J. , Hedin J. , Höffner J. , Friedman J. S.
Published: July 2014

Metal species, produced by meteoric ablation, act as useful tracers of upper atmosphere dynamics and chemistry. Of these meteoric metals, K is an enigma: at extratropical latitudes, limited available lidar data show that the K layer displays a semiannual seasonal variability, rather than the annual pattern seen in other metals such as Na and Fe. Here we present the first near‐global K retrieval, where K atom number density profiles are derived from dayglow measurements made by the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System spectrometer on board the Odin satellite. This robust retrieval produces density profiles with typical layer peak errors of ±15% and a 2 km vertical grid resolution. We demonstrate that these retrieved profiles compare well with available lidar data and show for the first time that the unusual semiannual behavior is near‐global in extent. This new data set has wider applications for improving understanding of the K chemistry and of related upper atmosphere processes.
A climate threshold at the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Liu Xiuju , Colman Steven M. , Brown Erik T. , An Zhisheng , Zhou Weijian , Jull A. J. Timothy , Huang Yongsong , Cheng Peng , Liu Weiguo , Xu Hai
Published: July 2014

Proxy records of summer monsoon moisture at Lake Qinghai on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau reveal a late Quaternary climate history that is subtly different from that of speleothems from southern and eastern China. Total organic carbon and authigenic carbonate in two independently analyzed and dated cores indicate (1) relative stability and aridity during the glacial interval, (2) small variations during the Bølling‐Allerød and the Younger Dryas intervals, (3) comparatively abrupt change at the late Pleistocene/Holocene transition, and (4) relatively high variability during a wet early Holocene. Taken together, the data suggest that a climate threshold exists for penetration of Asian monsoon rainfall onto the Tibetan Plateau, a threshold that was crossed at the beginning of the Holocene. Conceptually, the threshold simply may be related to the topographic barrier that the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau presents to the landward penetration of the monsoon, or it may be related to nonlinearities in the climate system itself, such as sudden shifts in the configuration of the Westerly jet stream. Different mechanisms for producing a threshold are not mutually exclusive and may have combined to affect the dynamics of the Asian monsoon. In any case, the threshold is related to the presence of the Tibetan Plateau, which has a profound influence on the Asia monsoon system.
Ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation in a Babcock‐Leighton solar dynamo model: An observation system simulation experiment for reconstructing meridional flow speed
Authors: Dikpati Mausumi , Anderson Jeffrey L. , Mitra Dhrubaditya
Published: July 2014

Accurate knowledge of time variation in meridional flow speed and profile is crucial for estimating the solar cycle's features, which are ultimately responsible for causing space climate variations. However, no consensus has been reached yet about the Sun's meridional circulation pattern observations and theories. By implementing an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation in a Babcock‐Leighton solar dynamo model using Data Assimilation Research Testbed framework, we find that the best reconstruction of time variation in meridional flow speed can be obtained when 10 or more observations are used with an updating time of 15 days and a ≤10% observational error. Increasing ensemble size from 16 to 160 improves reconstruction. Comparison of reconstructed flow speed with “true state” reveals that EnKF data assimilation is very powerful for reconstructing meridional flow speeds and suggests that it can be implemented for reconstructing spatiotemporal patterns of meridional circulation.
Random dust charge fluctuations in the near‐Enceladus plasma
Authors: Yaroshenko V. V. , Lühr H.
Published: July 2014

Stochastic dust charge fluctuations have been studied in the light of Cassini data on the near‐Enceladus plasma environment. Estimates of fluctuation time scales showed that this process can be of importance for the grains emanating from the icy moon. The analytical modeling predicts that in the dust‐loaded Enceladus plasma a majority of the grains acquires fluctuating negative charges, but there might appear a minority of positively charged particles. The probability of this effect mostly depends on the ratio of the dust/plasma number densities. Our findings appear to be supported by the available Cassini Plasma Spectrometer measurements of the charged grain distributions during E3 and E5 plume flybys. The theoretical results can also provide new insights into the intricate process of particle dynamics in the inner magnetosphere.
Climatological characteristics of fronts in the western North Pacific based on surface weather charts
Authors: Utsumi Nobuyuki , Kim Hyungjun , Seto Shinta , Kanae Shinjiro , Oki Taikan
Published: July 2014

Composite front climatology in the western North Pacific is determined using a newly developed 1.0° gridded data set. Here we propose a research strategy for determining the spatiotemporal distribution of fronts using weather chart images published by the Japan Meteorological Agency, one of the major data providers in the region. A preliminarily investigation of the internal data characteristics for the period of 2000–2010 is undertaken, and the final 4 years of data are used for an analysis of front climatology to avoid the effect of any spurious trends. This enables in‐depth analyses to be conducted, which have not previously been possible in the region, including the composites of cross‐sectional patterns for the thermal fields and precipitation near fronts, front length seasonality, and the significance of the thermal gradient near the fronts, in addition to determining the frontal frequency and spatial distribution of frontal precipitation. Pixel‐wise analysis reveals that 56% of the local precipitation maximum is located on the warm side of a cold front caused by less tilted upward motion on the warm side, with the intrusion of the upper level cold dry air into the warm side. This new data set also enables a further analysis of the occluded fronts, which are not correctly distinguished in the existing objective detection method.