bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methionine329 in human serum albumin: A novel target for alkylation by sulfur mustard
Authors: Siegert Markus , Gandor Felix , Kranawetvogl Andreas , Börner Hans , Thiermann Horst , John Harald
Published: November 2018

Exposure to the vesicant sulfur mustard (SM) may lead to erythema and blistering. Toxicity of SM is hypothesized due to the alkylation of DNA bases and nucleophilic amino acid side chains in proteins (adducts) by forming the hydroxyethylthioethyl (HETE) moiety. Despite its prohibition by the chemical weapons convention, SM still represents a serious threat to military personnel and civilians. Therefore, development and improvement of forensic analytical methods for the verification of SM exposure is of high interest. Protein adducts have been shown to be highly suitable and beneficial biomarkers of poisoning. Herein we present methionine329 in human serum albumin (HSA) as a novel target of SM forming a HETE‐methionyl sulfonium ion. The alkylated tetrapeptide LeuGlyMet329(‐HETE)Phe, LGM(‐HETE)F, was detected after pepsin‐mediated proteolysis and subsequent analysis by microbore liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–high‐resolution tandem‐mass spectrometry. Compound identity was confirmed by a synthetic reference. Proteolysis conditions for HSA were optimized towards maximum yield of LGM(‐HETE)F and its limit of identification (32.3 nM SM in serum) was similar to those of the established HSA‐derived biomarkers HETE‐CysPro and HETE‐CysProPhe (15.6 nM SM in serum). Stability of the alkylated Met329 in vitro and in vivo was limited to 5 days making this modification a beneficial short‐time biomarker. Furthermore, it was found that the HETE‐methionyl sulfonium ion can transfer its HETE moiety to the side chain of cysteine and glutamic acid as well as to the N‐terminus of peptides and proteins in vitro thus revealing novel insights into the molecular toxicity of SM.
Intercontinental migration pattern and genetic differentiation of arctic‐alpine Rhodiola rosea L.: A chloroplast DNA survey
Authors: György Zsuzsanna , Tóth Endre G. , Incze Norbert , Molnár Bence , Höhn Mária
Published: November 2018

Our study describes genetic lineages and historical biogeography of Rhodiola rosea a widely distributed arctic‐alpine perennial species of the Northern Hemisphere based on sequence analysis of six chloroplast regions. Specimens of 44 localities from the Northern Hemisphere have been sequenced and compared with those available in the GenBank. Our results support the migration of the species into Europe via the Central Asian highland corridor, reaching the European Alpine System (EAS) and also the western European edge, the British Isles. The EAS proved to be an important center of genetic diversity, especially the region of the Eastern Alps and the Dolomites where signs of glacial refugia was observed. Apart from those of the EAS, a common lineage was detected along the Atlantic coast from the British Isles toward Scandinavia as well as Iceland and the eastern parts of North America. Accordingly, the British Isles represent a main link between the northern Atlantic and southern EAS lineages.
Synthesis of Sulfonimidamide‐Based Amino Acid Building Blocks with Orthogonal Protecting Groups
Authors: Chinthakindi Praveen K. , Benediktsdottir Andrea , Ibrahim Ayah , Wared Atta , Aurell Carl‐Johan , Pettersen Anna , Zamaratski Edouard , Arvidsson Per I. , Chen Yantao , Sandström Anja
Published: November 2018

Herein, we report the synthesis of novel sulfonimidamides (SIAs) based on amino acid building blocks using a one‐pot method from tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl‐protected (TBDPS) sulfonamides, as well as exploration of orthogonal deprotection strategies. Among the several protecting groups investigated, TBDPS showed higher conversion, allowed UV detection and simple diastereomeric separation; in particular in combination with amino acid tert‐butyl esters. Moreover, we applied the present method to synthesize cyclic five‐membered acyl sulfonimidamides in two steps. The described synthesis of SIA‐based amino acid building blocks in combination with the orthogonal protection groups provide access to unnatural amino acid building blocks useful for further incorporation into larger molecules, such as peptide‐based transition‐state analogues and peptidomimetics. The chirality of the SIA group, as well as its additional point of diversity provided by the extra NH group, creates opportunities for the development of unique compound libraries that explore new chemical space, which is of considerable importance for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry.
A Bioinspired, Highly Transparent Surface with Dry‐Style Antifogging, Antifrosting, Antifouling, and Moisture Self‐Cleaning Properties
Authors: Feng Chenchen , Zhang Zhiying , Li Juan , Qu Yu , Xing Dandan , Gao Xuefeng , Zhang Zhongyue , Wen Yihao , Ma Yingjun , Ye Jinjin , Sun Runguang
Published: November 2018

Transparent coatings with antireflection, antifogging, antifrosting, antifouling, and moisture self‐cleaning properties can dramatically improve the efficiency and convenience of optical elements and thus are highly desirable for practical applications. Here, it is demonstrated that a bionic nanocone surface (BNS) fabricated by a facile, low‐cost process consisting of template‐assisted prepolymer curing followed by surface modification can possess the multiple functions listed above. The polymer coating firmly adheres to a glass substrate due to bonding agents. After SiO2 nanoparticle deposition and low‐surface‐energy fluorosilane modification, the coating shows low microdroplet adhesion. As a result, the as‐prepared BNS exhibits a high transmittance when exposed to fog and good clarity even when the temperature decreases to −20 °C in a humid environment. Dipping the BNS into exemplified graphite powder has almost no influence on the transparency, and the BNS can realize self‐cleaning of moisture when the surface is covered with a thick layer of man‐made contaminants.
Plastic optical fiber respiration sensor based on in‐fiber microholes
Authors: Ahn Dohyun , Park Young June , Shin Jong‐Dug , Lee Jongmin , Park Jaehee
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a novel respiration sensor based on multiple in‐fiber microholes drilled along a plastic optical fiber (POF) that is stitched to a waist‐band wrapped around the patient's abdomen. The bending loss of a POF with a single microhole is analyzed in order to enhance the sensor sensitivity. Several sensors were fabricated using a 1.5 mm‐diameter POF with different numbers and spacing of 0.7 mm‐diameter microholes. The sensitivity of the respiration sensor increased when increasing the number and spacing of the microholes, where the POF respiration sensor with seven 0.7 mm‐diameter in‐fiber microholes spaced at 15 mm showed the highest sensitivity and sufficient strength for respiratory monitoring. Thus, the experimental results confirmed that a POF sensor based on in‐fiber microholes can be effectively used to monitor the respiration of patients.
An objective and subjective quality assessment study of passive gaming video streaming
Authors: Barman Nabajeet , Zadtootaghaj Saman , Schmidt Steven , Martini Maria G. , Möller Sebastian
Published: November 2018

Passive gaming video‐streaming applications have recently gained much attention as evident with the rising popularity of many Over The Top (OTT) providers such as Twitch.tv and YouTube Gaming. For the continued success of such services, it is imperative that the user Quality of Experience (QoE) remains high, which is usually assessed using subjective and objective video quality assessment methods. Recent years have seen tremendous advancement in the field of objective video quality assessment (VQA) metrics, with the development of models that can predict the quality of the videos streamed over the Internet. A study on the performance of objective VQA on gaming videos, which are artificial and synthetic and have different streaming requirements than traditionally streamed videos, is still missing. Towards this end, we present in this paper an objective and subjective quality assessment study on gaming videos considering passive streaming applications. Subjective ratings are obtained for 90 stimuli generated by encoding six different video games in multiple resolution‐bitrate pairs. Objective quality performance evaluation considering eight widely used VQA metrics is performed using the subjective test results and on a data set of 24 reference videos and 576 compressed sequences obtained by encoding them in 24 resolution‐bitrate pairs. Our results indicate that Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion (VMAF) predicts subjective video quality ratings the best, while Naturalness Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE) turns out to be a promising alternative as a no‐reference metric in some scenarios.
The effect of infertility‐related stress on Chinese infertile females’ mental health: The moderating role of marital adjustment
Authors: Li Xiaoshan , Wang Kaikai , Huo Yafen , Zhou Mingjie
Published: November 2018

Although the impacts of infertility‐related stress on mental health have been testified in the literature, the underlying mechanism between them is still not clear. In response to this issue, 286 Chinese women who were pursuing medical treatment for fertility problems in two state‐owned hospitals were invited to complete the survey, including the 7‐item Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI), the 5‐item Mental Health Inventory (MHI‐5), and demographic variables (e.g., age). The multiple linear regression method (SPSS 16) was used to investigate the impact of infertility‐related stress and marital satisfaction on infertile women's mental health. Results showed that the total FPI score—and the specific domains of Social Concern, Relationship Concern, and Rejection of Child‐Free Lifestyle in particular—had a significant negative relation with infertile women's mental health and marital satisfaction as a moderator between them. Therefore, the core of marital relationship and specific infertility‐related stress should be addressed in psychological intervention programs for people facing infertility in mainland China.
Homework Goal Orientation Scale: Measurement invariance and latent mean differences across gender and grade level
Authors: Sun Meilu , Du Jianxia , Xu Jianzhong , Liu Fangtong
Published: November 2018

The current study validated the Homework Goal Orientation Scale (HGOS) for secondary school students. Results revealed that HGOS consisted of two distinct but related subscales: mastery‐approach and performance‐approach. Given satisfactory measurement invariance, the latent mean differences were then examined across gender (males vs. females) and grade level (7th vs. 9th). Findings showed no statistically significant mean differences across gender and grade level. Finally, consistent with theoretical expectations, compared with performance‐approach, mastery‐approach was more strongly associated with homework effort, homework emotion regulation, homework completion, and math achievement.
Oncologist recommendation matters!—Predictors of psycho‐oncological service uptake in oncology outpatients
Authors: Frey Nascimento Antje , Tondorf Theresa , Rothschild Sacha I. , Koller Michael T. , Rochlitz Christoph , Kiss Alexander , Schaefert Rainer M. , Meinlschmidt Gunther P. , Hunziker Sabina , Gaab Jens , Zwahlen Diana
Published: November 2018

Objective

Highly distressed cancer patients often do not use psycho‐oncological services (POS). Research on predictors of POS uptake has mainly focused on patient‐related variables and less on communication variables, so we examined the link between patient‐oncologist communication (ie, talking about psychosocial distress, providing detailed information, and recommending POS) and POS uptake.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, observational study in an Oncology Outpatient Clinic in Switzerland. Predictors (ie, patient‐related variables and patient's reports of the patient‐oncologist communication) were assessed via semistructured interviews, and information on outpatient POS uptake was assessed after 4 months. For statistical analysis, a multivariate logistic regression was performed.

Results

Of 333 participants (mean age 61 years; 55% male; 54% distress thermometer ≥5), 77 (23%) had used POS during a 4‐month period. Patients who reported an oncologist‐recommended POS (odds ratio [OR] = 6.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.14‐12.85) and those who were not sure if they had received a recommendation (OR = 4.64, 95% CI = 1.83‐11.97) were more likely to attend POS than those who reported receiving no recommendation. Talking about psychosocial distress (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.38‐1.46) and providing detailed information about POS did not predict POS uptake (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.46‐2.38).

Conclusions

Oncologists' expert recommendations to attend POS were strongly associated with patients' uptake of POS. The central role played by oncologists should be accounted for in stepped psycho‐oncological care when POS referral pathways are defined.
Self‐Organized Growth of Quantum Dots and Quantum Wires by Combination of Focused Ion Beams and Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Scholz Sven , Schott Rüdiger , Schmidt Marcel , Mehta Minisha , Ludwig Arne , Wieck Andreas D.
Published: November 2018

The combination of focused ion beam (FIB) implantation and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) as ultrahigh‐vacuum (UHV) processes allows for nm‐resolution fabrication both in lateral as well as in growth direction. The authors exploit self‐organized growth of Stranski‐Krastanov InxGa1‐x. As quantum dots and III–V nanowire structures, both initiated by FIB‐implantation of different ion species. Samples are transferred between the FIB and the MBE by UHV‐tunnels or a separate UHV‐suitcase which links instruments far away from each other. Since the whole process is within the UHV, no wet or dry chemistry deteriorates the solid‐state interfaces which increases the purity and the reproducibility. Since the available FIB ion species are not only Gallium, but around 40 elements of the periodic table, this method is very versatile and covers even elements which are usually not introduced in a GaAs‐MBE chamber due to purity reasons. Thus, beside site controlled growth any FIB doping, before, in between, due to UHV transfer and after the MBE‐growth becomes possible.
Possibility of cost reduction by mutant clustering according to the clustering scope
Authors: Yu Misun , Ma Yu‐Seung
Published: November 2018

Mutation testing offers developers a good way to improve the quality of a test set. However, the high cost of executing a large number of mutants remains an issue. This paper examines the possibility of reducing the cost of statement‐level mutant clustering by comparing the number of mutant executions with those of expression‐level and block‐level mutant clustering. The goal is to investigate to what extent the clustering scope should be extended. The experimental results using nine real‐world programs show that statement‐level clustering can reduce the mutant executions that are required by expression‐level clustering by 10.51% on average. Block‐level clustering exhibits an unexpected result; the number of mutant executions with block‐level clustering is only 1.06% times less than that with statement‐level clustering. That is, statement‐level clustering is more cost‐effective than block‐level clustering when considering their clustering overheads. A compound expression plays a major role in providing a cost‐reduction effect in statement‐level clustering. With a compound expression, the number of candidate mutants to be clustered in a statement scope increases, and state change can be comprehensively examined, thereby increasing the possibility of cost reduction. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning to pinpoint effective operators at the LHC: a study of the $$ \mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $$ signature
Authors: D’Hondt Jorgen , Mariotti Alberto , Mimasu Ken , Moortgat Seth , Zhang Cen
Published: November 2018

Abstract

In the context of the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT), we study the LHC sensitivity to four fermion operators involving heavy quarks by employing cross section measurements in the

$$ t\overline{t}b\overline{b} $$

t

t
¯

b

b
¯

final state. Starting from the measurement of total rates, we progressively exploit kinematical information and machine learning techniques to optimize the projected sensitivity at the end of Run III. Indeed, in final states with high multiplicity containing inter-correlated kinematical information, multi-variate methods provide a robust way of isolating the regions of phase space where the SMEFT contribution is enhanced. We also show that training for multiple output classes allows for the discrimination between operators mediating the production of tops in different helicity states. Our projected sensitivities not only constrain a host of new directions in the SMEFT parameter space but also improve on existing limits demonstrating that, on one hand,

$$ t\overline{t}b\overline{b} $$

t

t
¯

b

b
¯

production is an indispensable component in a future global fit for top quark interactions in the SMEFT, and on the other, multi-class machine learning algorithms can be a valuable tool for interpreting LHC data in this framework.
Bootstrapping the minimal 3D SCFT
Authors: Atanasov Alexander , Hillman Aaron , Poland David
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We study the conformal bootstrap constraints for 3D conformal field theories with a ℤ
2 or parity symmetry, assuming a single relevant scalar operator ϵ that is invariant under the symmetry. When there is additionally a single relevant odd scalar σ, we map out the allowed space of dimensions and three-point couplings of such “Ising-like” CFTs. If we allow a second relevant odd scalar σ′, we identify a feature in the allowed space compatible with 3D

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 superconformal symmetry and conjecture that it corresponds to the minimal

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 supersymmetric extension of the Ising CFT. This model has appeared in previous numerical bootstrap studies, as well as in proposals for emergent supersymmetry on the boundaries of topological phases of matter. Adding further constraints from 3D

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

=1 superconformal symmetry, we isolate this theory and use the numerical bootstrap to compute the leading scaling dimensions Δ
σ
= Δ
ϵ
− 1 = .58444(22) and three-point couplings λ

σσϵ
= 1.0721(2) and λ
ϵϵϵ
= 1.67(1). We additionally place bounds on the central charge and use the extremal functional method to estimate the dimensions of the next several operators in the spectrum. Based on our results we observe the possible exact relation λ

ϵϵϵ
/λ

σσϵ
= tan(1).
The dS swampland conjecture with the electroweak symmetry and QCD chiral symmetry breaking
Authors: Choi Kiwoon , Chway Dongjin , Shin Chang Sub
Published: November 2018

Abstract

The dS swampland conjecture |∇V|/V ≥ c, where c is presumed to be a positive constant of order unity, implies that the dark energy density of our Universe can not be a cosmological constant, but mostly the potential energy of an evolving quintessence scalar field. As the dark energy includes the effects of the electroweak symmetry breaking and the QCD chiral symmetry breaking, if the dS swampland conjecture is applicable for the low energy quintessence potential, it can be applied for the Higgs and pion potential also. On the other hand, the Higgs and pion potential has the well-known dS extrema, and applying the dS swampland conjecture to those dS extrema may provide stringent constraints on the viable quintessence, as well as on the conjecture itself. We examine this issue and find that the pion dS extremum at cos(π
0/f

π
) = −1 implies c ≲

$$ \mathcal{O} $$

O

(10−2–10−5) for arbitrary form of the quintessence potential and couplings, where the weaker bound (10−2) is available only for a specific type of quintessence whose couplings respect the equivalence principle, while the stronger bound (10−5) applies for generic quintessence violating the equivalence principle. We also discuss the possibility to relax this bound with an additional scalar field, e.g. a light modulus which has a runaway behavior at the pion dS extremum. We argue that such possibility is severely constrained by a variety of observational constraints which do not leave a room to significantly relax the bound. We make a similar analysis for the Higgs dS extremum at H = 0, which results in a weaker bound on c.
Deforming black holes in AdS
Authors: Horowitz Gary T. , Santos Jorge E. , Toldo Chiara
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We investigate how changes in the boundary metric affect the shape of AdS black holes. Most of our work is analytic and based on the AdS C-metric. Both asymptotically hyperbolic and compact black holes are studied. It has recently been shown that the AdS C-metric contains configurations of highly deformed black holes, and we show that these deformations are usually the result of similar deformations of the boundary metric. However, quite surprisingly, we also find cases where the horizon is insensitive to certain large changes in the boundary geometry. This motivates the search for a new family of black hole solutions with the same boundary geometry in which the horizon does respond to the changes in the boundary. We numerically construct these solutions and we (numerically) explore how the horizon response to boundary deformations depends on temperature.
Correction to: Clinical significance of intratumoral HER2 heterogeneity on trastuzumab efficacy using endoscopic biopsy specimens in patients with advanced HER2 positive gastric cancer
Authors: Yagi Shusuke , Wakatsuki Takeru , Yamamoto Noriko , Chin Keisho , Takahari Daisuke , Ogura Mariko , Ichimura Takashi , Nakayama Izuma , Osumi Hiroki , Shinozaki Eiji , Suenaga Mitsukuni , Fujisaki Junko , Ishikawa Yuichi , Yamaguchi Kensei , Namikawa Ken , Horiuchi Yusuke
Published: November 2018

In the original publication of this article, Table 4 was published incorrectly. The correct Table 4 is given below.
Multiple-step chromosomal integration of divided segments from a large DNA fragment via CRISPR/Cas9 in Escherichia coli
Authors: Li Yanjun , Yan Fangqing , Wu Heyun , Li Guoliang , Han Yakun , Ma Qian , Fan Xiaoguang , Zhang Chenglin , Xu Qingyang , Xie Xixian , Chen Ning
Published: November 2018

Although CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing technology has developed vastly in Escherichia coli, the chromosomal integration of large DNA fragment is still challenging compared with gene deletion and small fragment integration. Moreover, to guarantee sufficient Cas9-induced double-strand breaks, it is usually necessary to design several gRNAs to select the appropriate one. Accordingly, we established a practical daily routine in the laboratory work, involving multiple-step chromosomal integration of the divided segments from a large DNA fragment. First, we introduced and optimized the protospacers from Streptococcus pyogenes in E. coli W3110. Next, the appropriate fragment size for each round of integration was optimized to be within 3–4 kb. Taking advantage of the optimized protospacer/gRNA pairs, a DNA fragment with a total size of 15.4 kb, containing several key genes for uridine biosynthesis, was integrated into W3110 chromosome, which produced 5.6 g/L uridine in shake flask fermentation. Using this strategy, DNA fragments of virtually any length can be integrated into a suitable genomic site, and two gRNAs can be alternatively used, avoiding the tedious construction of gRNA-expressing plasmids. This study thus presents a useful strategy for large DNA fragment integration into the E. coli chromosome, which can be easily adapted for use in other bacteria.
Steroid-resistentes nephrotisches Syndrom
Authors: Hoefele Julia , Beck Bodo B. , Weber Lutz T. , Brinkkötter Paul
Published: November 2018

Das steroid-resistente nephrotische Syndrom (SRNS) mit dem histomorphologischen Korrelat der fokal-segmentalen Glomerulosklerose (FSGS) stellt eine bedeutende Ursache für eine terminale Niereninsuffizienz im Kindesalter, aber auch bei erwachsenen Patienten dar. Das Erkrankungsspektrum zeichnet sich durch eine große genetische Heterogenität aus, wobei auch nicht genetische Ursachen bei der FSGS beobachtet werden. Die genetische Grundlage des SRNS/FSGS-Komplexes ist v. a. für ältere Kinder/Jugendliche und Erwachsene bisher noch unzureichend verstanden. Die eindeutige Abgrenzung genetischer SRNS/FSGS-Ursachen ist unerlässlich, da sich bereits heute hieraus eine Vielzahl an klinischen Implikationen ergeben. Die Identifikation unbekannter Erkrankungsallele oder Erkrankungsgene kann zudem Erkenntnisse bringen, die ein gänzlich neues Verständnis der Pathomechanismen ermöglichen. Durch umfassende genetische Untersuchungen besteht die Möglichkeit, die ungelöste genetische Basis der Rekurrenz der FSGS-Erkrankung bei bislang Varianten-negativen Patienten zu finden.
Social Capital and Health Risk: An Integrative Review
Authors: Yap Sheau-Fen , Kim Jae-Eun , Lee Christina Kwai Choi , Xu Yingzi , Kim Jungkeun
Published: November 2018

The impact of health risk behaviours on the social and economic fabric of society is of concern to social marketers and policy makers. Current research suggests social capital, that is, the positive benefits gained from a relationship with others in the community, plays a key role in addressing health risk behaviours. The current literature on social capital and health is fragmented, and the field has yet to produce an up-to-date synthesis of past findings to help researchers understand the current status of this research area. This article fills this gap with an integrative review of empirical research based on rigorous criteria. Boolean search was used to limit the search to only those articles containing the keywords ‘social capital’ and ‘health risk’ but no limits were applied for country or population of interest or publication start date. Two researchers screened through the title, abstract and introduction of every retrieved article independently according to the inclusion criteria. A total of 105 articles were eligible for further analyses. This article contributes by: (1) providing a structured overview with an aim to disentangle the findings of varied past studies addressing the theme; (2) identifying important gaps in current knowledge; (3) presenting a research agenda that flows logically from the theoretical gaps identified; and lastly (4) proposing a theoretical framework upon which social capital interventions can be designed and executed to mitigate health risk. We hope that the key issues and new directions presented in this paper will provide new impetus in this area of research.
Association of fecal occult blood tests results with colonoscopic findings in a general hospital and validation of the screening test
Authors: Saraceni Ana Flávia , Azevedo Rodrigo , Almeida Clarissa Maria Gomes , Baraviera Antônio Carlos , Kiss Desiderio Roberto , Almeida Maristela Gomes
Published: November 2018

Globally, colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death among men and the second among women, corresponding to about 10% of all cancers. The Brazilian Ministry of Health and National Cancer Institute recommend the screening of colorectal cancer for people over 50 years-old with Fecal Occult Blood Test. Endoscopy is limited to patients with positive screening results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of malignant or premalignant lesions diagnosed by endoscopy in patients with positive or negative Fecal Occult Blood Test and assess the efficacy of Fecal Occult Blood Test to predict the finding of a malignant colorectal lesion. We carried out a cross-sectional study among patients with a Fecal Occult Blood Test result that were submitted to colonoscopy, in the same hospital, from March 2016 to July 2017. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of Fecal Occult Blood Test compared to colonoscopy neoplastic findings was calculated. The total of 92 patients were enrolled, 52 (56.5%) were female, Fecal Occult Blood Test was positive in 42.4% of them and in 41 (44.6%) the colonoscopy showed abnormal findings. Polyps were the most frequent alteration, found in 20 patients (21.7%). Among the patients with polyps, 15 (16.3%) had neoplastic and 5 (5.4%) presented non-neoplastic polyps. The Fecal Occult Blood Test sensitivity for detection of neoplastic polyps was 66.7%, specificity 62.3%, positive predictive value 11% and negative predictive value was 94.2%. Considering the need for a screening method, Fecal Occult Blood Test showed to be an effective and reliable screening test that can be applied in public health programs to detect and prevent colorectal cancer.
Moral Diversity and Moral Responsibility
Authors: KOGELMANN BRIAN , WALLACE ROBERT H.
Published: November 2018

In large, impersonal moral orders many of us wish to maintain good will toward our fellow citizens only if we are reasonably sure they will maintain good will toward us. The mutual maintaining of good will, then, requires that we somehow communicate our intentions to one another. But how do we actually do this? The current paper argues that when we engage in moral responsibility practices—that is, when we express our reactive attitudes by blaming, praising, and resenting—we communicate a desire to maintain good will to those in the community we are imbedded in. Participating in such practices alone will not get the job done, though, for expressions of our reactive attitudes are often what economists call cheap talk. But when we praise and blame in cases of moral diversity, expressions of our reactive attitudes act as costly signals capable of solving our social dilemma.
Design and experimental demonstration of a high conversion efficiency OPCPA pre-amplifier for petawatt laser facility
Authors: Liang Xiao , Xie Xinglong , Kang Jun , Yang Qingwei , Wei Hui , Sun Meizhi , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: November 2018

We present the design and experiment of a broadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA) which provides high conversion efficiency and good beam quality at 808 nm wavelength. Using a three-dimensional spatial and temporal numerical model, several design considerations necessary to achieve high conversion efficiency, good beam quality and good output stability are discussed. To improve the conversion efficiency and broaden the amplified signal bandwidth simultaneously, the nonlinear crystal length and OPCPA parameters are analyzed and optimized with the concept of dissipating amplified idler between optical parametric amplification (OPA) of two crystals configuration. In the experiment, an amplifier consisting of two OPCPA stages of ‘L’ type configuration was demonstrated by using the optimized parameters. An amplified signal energy of 160 mJ was achieved with a total pump-to-signal efficiency of 35% (43% efficiency for the OPCPA stage 2). The output bandwidth of signal pulse reached 80 nm and the signal pulse was compressed to 24 fs. The energy stability reached 1.67% RMS at 3% pump energy variation. The optimized OPCPA amplifier operates at a repetition rate of 1 Hz and is used as a front-end injection for the main amplifier of SG-II 5PW laser facility.
Nonlinear wave evolution of shear-thinning Carreau liquid sheets
Authors: Liu Lujia , Yang Lijun
Published: November 2018

Researches on nonlinear instability of power-law plane sheets have been conducted using the Carreau model as the constitutive model. Combined with asymptotic expansion and long-wave assumption, the governing equations and boundary conditions were manipulated using integral transform. The first-order dimensionless dispersion relation between unstable growth rate and wavenumber was obtained and the second-order interface disturbance amplitude was calculated. By comparison and analysis of components of the second-order interface disturbance amplitude, it was found that the power-law index $n$ ($n<1$) only had an impact on instability of waves with the fundamental wavelength or one third the fundamental wavelength. The findings show that the Carreau-law rheological parameter $B_{p}$ has little impact on the second-order disturbance amplitude at the interfaces in a practical situation, while the Reynolds number has a positive effect on the growth rate of the disturbance amplitude for the power-law liquid sheets. Finally, the growth rates obtained by numerical simulation and analytical solution have been compared, and the results showed good agreement in the initial phase of wave evolution.
No improvement in depressive symptoms by vitamin D supplementation: results from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jorde Rolf , Kubiak Julia
Published: November 2018

In observational studies, vitamin D deficiency is associated with depressive symptoms. However, randomised controlled trials (RCT) with vitamin D supplementation have not been conclusive. In the present study 206 subjects were randomised to vitamin D (100 000 IU (2500 µg) as a bolus dose followed by 20 000 IU (500 µg) per week) and 202 to placebo. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was filled in at baseline and after 4 months at the end of the study. At baseline the mean age was 51·4 and 52·5 years and mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) 32·5 and 35·1 nmol/l in the vitamin D and placebo groups, respectively. Among the 408 subjects, 193 had a BDI-II score >4, and forty-five had a score >13. Twenty-three subjects were using anti-depressant or mood-stabilising drugs. At the end of the study, there were no significant differences in Δ BDI-II score (score at the end of the study minus score at baseline), regardless of analysing all subjects, subjects with or without psycopharmaca, or if performing subgroup analyses based on baseline and final serum 25(OH)D levels combined with categories of baseline BDI-II scores >4 or >13. In conclusion, we have not been able to demonstrate any significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms. However, few of our subjects were clinically depressed. Future RCT should include subjects with more severe vitamin D deficiency as well as more depressed subjects than in our study. In such a setting vitamin D may probably be more relevant as an augmenter of standard antidepressant medication/treatment.
The Phase II Murchison Widefield Array: Design overview
Authors: Wayth Randall B. , Tingay Steven J. , Trott Cathryn M. , Emrich David , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , McKinley Ben , Gaensler B. M. , Beardsley A. P. , Booler T. , Crosse B. , Franzen T. M. O. , Horsley L. , Kaplan D. L. , Kenney D. , Morales M. F. , Pallot D. , Sleap G. , Steele K. , Walker M. , Williams A. , Wu C. , Cairns Iver. H. , Filipovic M. D. , Johnston S. , Murphy T. , Quinn P. , Staveley-Smith L. , Webster R. , Wyithe J. S. B.
Published: November 2018

We describe the motivation and design details of the ‘Phase II’ upgrade of the Murchison Widefield Array radio telescope. The expansion doubles to 256 the number of antenna tiles deployed in the array. The new antenna tiles enhance the capabilities of the Murchison Widefield Array in several key science areas. Seventy-two of the new tiles are deployed in a regular configuration near the existing array core. These new tiles enhance the surface brightness sensitivity of the array and will improve the ability of the Murchison Widefield Array to estimate the slope of the Epoch of Reionisation power spectrum by a factor of ∼3.5. The remaining 56 tiles are deployed on long baselines, doubling the maximum baseline of the array and improving the arrayu, vcoverage. The improved imaging capabilities will provide an order of magnitude improvement in the noise floor of Murchison Widefield Array continuum images. The upgrade retains all of the features that have underpinned the Murchison Widefield Array’s success (large field of view, snapshot image quality, and pointing agility) and boosts the scientific potential with enhanced imaging capabilities and by enabling new calibration strategies.
STATISTICAL INFERENCE FOR MEASUREMENT EQUATION SELECTION IN THE LOG-REALGARCH MODEL
Authors: Li Yu-Ning , Zhang Yi , Zhang Caiya
Published: November 2018

This article investigates the statistical inference problem of whether a measurement equation is self-consistent in the logarithmic realized GARCH model (log-RealGARCH). First, we provide the sufficient and necessary conditions for the strict stationarity of both the log-RealGARCH model and the log-GARCH-X model. Under these conditions, strong consistency and asymptotic normality of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimators of these two models are obtained. Then, based on the asymptotic results, we propose a Hausman-type self-consistency test for diagnosing the suitability of the measurement equation in the log-RealGARCH model. Finally, the results of simulations and an empirical study are found to accord with the theoretical results.
CURRENT ACCOUNT DYNAMICS AND THE REAL EXCHANGE RATE: DISENTANGLING THE EVIDENCE
Authors: Bussière Matthieu , Karadimitropoulou Aikaterini E. , León-Ledesma Miguel A.
Published: November 2018

We study the main shocks driving current account (CA) fluctuations for the G6 economies, using a standard two-good intertemporal model. We build a structural vector autoregression model including the world real interest rate, net output (NO), the real exchange rate, and the CA and identify four structural shocks. Our results suggest four main conclusions: (i) there is substantial support for the two-good intertemporal model with time-varying interest rate, since both external supply and preference shocks account for an important proportion of CA fluctuations; (ii) temporary domestic shocks account for a large proportion of CA fluctuations, albeit smaller than in previous studies; (iii) our results alleviate the puzzle in the literature that a shock that explains little about NO changes can explain a large proportion of CA changes; (iv) the nature of the shock matters to shape the relationship between the CA and the real exchange rate.
THE EFFECTS OF FISCAL POLICY IN AN ESTIMATED DSGE MODEL—THE CASE OF THE GERMAN STIMULUS PACKAGES DURING THE GREAT RECESSION
Authors: Drygalla Andrej , Holtemöller Oliver , Kiesel Konstantin
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we analyze the effects of the stimulus packages adopted by the German government during the Great Recession. We employ a standard medium-scale dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model extended by non-optimizing households and a detailed fiscal sector. In particular, the dynamics of spending and revenue variables are modeled as feedback rules with respect to the cyclical components of output, hours worked and private investment. Based on the estimated rules, fiscal shocks are identified. According to the results, fiscal policy, in particular public consumption, investment, and transfers prevented a sharper and prolonged decline of German output at the beginning of the Great Recession, suggesting a timely response of fiscal policy. The overall effects, however, are small when compared to other domestic and international shocks that contributed to the economic downturn. Our overall findings are not sensitive to considering fiscal foresight.
The impact of a multilevel childhood obesity prevention intervention on healthful food acquisition, preparation, and fruit and vegetable consumption on African-American adult caregivers
Authors: Trude Angela CB , Surkan Pamela J , Anderson Steeves Elizabeth , Pollack Porter Keshia , Gittelsohn Joel
Published: November 2018

Objective

To evaluate the secondary impact of a multilevel, child-focused, obesity intervention on food-related behaviours (acquisition, preparation, fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption) on youths’ primary caregivers.

Design

B’More Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) group-randomized controlled trial promoted access to healthy foods and food-related behaviours through wholesaler and small store strategies, peer mentor-led nutrition education aimed at youths, and social media and text messaging targeting their adult caregivers. Measures included caregivers’ (n516) self-reported household food acquisition frequency for FV, snacks and grocery items over 30 d, and usual FV consumption in a sub-sample of 226 caregivers via the NCI FV Screener. Hierarchical models assessed average treatment effects (ATE). Treatment-on-the-treated-effect (TTE) analyses evaluated correlation between behavioural change and exposure to BHCK. Exposure scores at post-assessment were based on self-reported viewing of BHCK materials and participating in activities.

Setting

Thirty Baltimore City low-income neighbourhoods, USA.

Participants

Adult caregivers of youths aged 9–15 years.

Results

Of caregivers, 90·89 % were female; mean age 39·31 (sd9·31) years. Baseline mean (sd) intake (servings/d) was 1·30 (1·69) fruits and 1·35 (1·05) vegetables. In ATE, no significant intervention effect was found on caregivers’ food-related behaviours. In TTE, each point increase in BHCK exposure score (range: 0–6·9) increased caregivers’ daily fruit consumption by 0·2 servings (0·24 (se0·11); 95 % CI 0·04, 0·47). Caregivers reporting greater social media exposure tripled their daily fruit intake (3·16 (se0·92); 95 % CI 1·33, 4·99) and increased their frequency of unhealthy food purchasingv. baseline.

Conclusions

Child-focused community-based nutrition interventions may also benefit family members’ fruit intake. Child-focused interventions should involve adult caregivers and intervention effects on family members should be assessed. Future multilevel studies should consider using social media to improve reach and engage caregiver participants.
A dosimetric analysis of proton beam therapy using different snouts
Authors: Iqbal Khalid , Shamsi Qurat-ul-ain , Gifford Kent A , Anum Sania , Buzdar Saeed Ahmad
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This exploration is intended to analyse the dosimetric characteristics of proton beams of multiple energies using different snout sizes.

Materials and methods

A synchrotron was used for the extraction of eight proton beam energies (100–250 MeV). Dosimetric measurements were taken in a water phantom that was irradiated with a proton beam emanating from the gantry system at angles 0, 90, 180 and 270 degree using a large and a medium snout. The range of beam energies in the phantom, their corresponding centre modulation depth (CMD) and the width of spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) were measured by Markus chamber. Double scattering technique was employed for the creation of SOBPs.

Results

The range of proton beams varied from 4·3 cm for 100 MeV beam to 28·5 cm for 250 MeV beam with the medium snout and from 4·3 cm for 100 MeV to 25 cm for 250 MeV beam with large snout in the water phantom. SOBP width showed a variation from 4 to 10 cm with medium and large snout. While determining the output with medium snout, the discrepancy of 1·1% was observed between the maximum and minimum mean values of output for all the given set of energies and angles. There occurred a difference of 0·9% between the maximum and minimum mean values of output with the large snout. Beam output at SOBP centre was 12% higher with large snout as compared to that with medium snout for all the given beam energies. Flatness and symmetry were found within ±2·5% tolerance limits with medium and large snouts.

Conclusion

Flatness and symmetry were found within explicit limits with both medium and large snouts. Large snout produced higher beam output than that of medium snout at the centre of SOBP. This exploration can be extended to the determination of beam output, flatness and symmetry with a small snout.
Characterization of microsatellite markers for Narcissus dubius, N. cuatrecasasii, N. assoanus and N. rupicola (Amaryllidaceae)
Authors: Barranco Daniel , Simón-Porcar Violeta I. , Arroyo Juan
Published: November 2018

The genusNarcissusL. (Amaryllidaceae) provides a model system to study the evolution and maintenance of sexual polymorphisms. In this study, we characterized microsatellite markers forN. dubius,N. cuatrecasasii,N. assoanusandN. rupicolafor studies of genetic diversity and paternity analyses to investigate the stability of stylar dimorphism. We proved 40 new primer pairs from a genomic library ofN. papyraceusand 12 microsatellite markers characterized also forN. papyraceusin a previous study (52 primer pairs overall). Twenty markers amplified, but their transferability and variability were different among species. Polymorphism was tested at least on 74 individuals and one population per species. The number of polymorphic loci per species ranged from four to eight. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 19 and the observed heterozygosity and gene diversity, from 0.107 to 0.729 and 0.103 to 0.894, respectively. These markers can be used for studies of genetic diversity and paternity analyses among individuals ofN. dubius,N. cuatrecasasii,N. assoanusandN. rupicolato study the stability of stylar dimorphism.
Factor Structure of the Gratitude Questionnaire in a Spanish Sample
Authors: Magallares Alejandro , Recio Patricia , Sanjuán Pilar
Published: November 2018

The Gratitude Questionnaire is a short, self-report measure of the disposition to experience gratitude. The Gratitude Questionnaire has been validated in several countries but its factor structure remains controversial. Therefore, the main goal of the study was to examine the factor structure of the Gratitude Questionnaire in a Spanish sample. Two samples were recruited (957 and 920 participants). The confirmatory factor analyses showed that the best fit was the five-item model with errors of item four and five correlated (CFI = .99, NFI = .99, RMSEA = .02). This model demonstrated partial cross-validity based on an analysis of factorial invariance. The Composite Reliability of the five-item Gratitude Questionnaire was .81. In addition, it was found that gratitude was positively related to subjective and psychological well-being. Specifically, the Gratitude Questionnaire was positively correlated to life satisfaction (r= .56,p< .01), affect balance (r= .46,p< .01), self-acceptance (r= .54,p< .01), positive relations (r= .44,p< .01), autonomy (r= .17,p< .01), environmental mastery (r= .49,p< .01), personal growth (r= .36,p< .01), and purpose in life (r= .50,p< .01). According to the results, it can be concluded that the Spanish version of the five-item Gratitude Questionnaire possessed better psychometric properties than the original six-item model.
A New Approach to Quantify Herbicide Volatility
Authors: Ouse David G. , Gifford James M. , Schleier Jerome , Simpson David D. , Tank Holger H. , Jennings Curtiss J. , Annangudi Suresh P. , Valverde-Garcia Pablo , Masters Robert A.
Published: November 2018

Herbicide active ingredients, formulation type, ambient temperature, and humidity can influence volatility. A method was developed using volatility chambers to compare relative volatility of different synthetic auxin herbicide formulations in controlled environments. 2,4-D or dicamba acid vapors emanating after application were captured in air-sampling tubes at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after herbicide application. The 2,4-D or dicamba was extracted from sample tubes and quantified using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Volatility from 2,4-D dimethylamine (DMA) was determined to be greater than that of 2,4-D choline in chambers where temperatures were held at 30 or 40 C and relative humidity (RH) was 20% or 50%. Air concentration of 2,4-D DMA was 0.399 µg m−3at 40 C and 20% RH compared with 0.005 µg m−3for 2,4-D choline at the same temperature and humidity at 24 h after application. Volatility from 2,4-D DMA and 2,4-D choline increased as temperature increased from 30 to 40 C. However, volatility from 2,4-D choline was lower than observed from 2,4-D DMA. Volatility from 2,4-D choline at 40 C increased from 0.00458 to 0.0263 µg m−3and from 0.00341 to 0.025 µg m−3when humidity increased from 20% to 50% at 72 and 96 h after treatment, respectively, whereas, volatility from 2,4-D DMA tended to be higher at 20% RH compared with 50% RH. Air concentration of dicamba diglycolamine was similar at all time points when measured at 40 C and 20% RH. By 96 h after treatment, there was a trend for lower air concentration of dicamba compared with earlier timings. This method using volatility chambers provided good repeatability with low variability across replications, experiments, and herbicides.