bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS BASED ON MONTHLY AND HOURLY STEPS OF CALCULATION
Authors: Richtrova Dagmar , Prokopova Lenka
Published: October 2023

As of 1.1.2023, a legal obligation under Decree No. 264/2020 Coll., Section 4, point 1 and Section 12 to calculate the total delivered energy for buildings with cooling, humidity adjustment and/or electricity generation by a maximum hourly step has been established in the Czech Republic. The current monthly calculations represented stationary thermal balances of losses and gains. The new hourly calculation is a dynamic model. The accuracy of the model increases significantly based on the solution of the differential equations of heat conduction of thermal inertia of the structures. This increases the accuracy of the modelling of the energy performance of the buildings and it is questionable what impact this will have on the evaluation of PENB.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR FINANCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF LAGGING REGIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF LANDSCAPE VALORIZATION
Authors: Ivanov Metodi
Published: October 2023

The implementation of the necessary studies to assess the potential for local socioeconomic development must be directly linked to the realization of the valorization of the landscape. On the one hand, by applying the valorization of the landscape, the potential opportunities for increasing the labor potential of the region can be discovered, and on the other hand, this process can lead to a decrease in the income of the local population, attracting a new economically active population. Stimulating the management of the participation of stakeholders in lagging regions in the maintenance and protection of specific elements of the landscape will create an opportunity both to attract external funding and to create a sense of belonging of the local population to the issues related to the management of landscape and environmental protection in the region. On the other hand, research justifying the search for financing opportunities in lagging regions should not focus only on the elements related to the study of the landscape, such as the presence of artificial surfaces, the volume of land cultivation, the number of permanent plantations per unit area, the designated pastures, the presence of heterogeneous agricultural areas, etc. Research should also cover the determination of anthropogenic and social patterns that affect not only the development of the territory, but also determine its potential utility, as well as its socio-economic value.
ANTICANCER AND ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF METHOTREXATE LOADED IRON NANOPARTICLES PRODUCED BY GREEN SYNTHESIS METHOD
Authors: Batsalova Tsvetelina , Moten Dzhemal , Voronova Anastasiia , Dzhambazov Balik , Vasilkov Alexander
Published: October 2023

An environmentally safe method � metal-vapor synthesis (MVS), was applied to produce iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs), which were conjugated with the drug methotrexate (MTX). The physicochemical properties and biological activity of the generated Fe NPs-MTX nanomaterials were analyzed. Transmission electron microscopy observations indicated that Fe NPs are stabilized in the form of aggregates with a size of 100 nm. The structure of these aggregates is similar to a �bunch of grapes�, which consists of metal particles about 1.83 nm in size. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy evaluations showed that Fe both in the black and the composite with methotrexate was in Fe 3+ state, and the Fe 2+ state was also present in a small amount. Biological activity of Fe NPs-MTX conjugates against bacterial and human cells was assessed. Our results demonstrated inhibitory effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that were superior compared to the activity of unloaded nanoparticles. Analyses with human cell lines showed time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of Fe NPs-MTX against cancer cells and low inhibitory activity towards normal fibroblasts proving the anticancer potential of the nanoconjugates. In addition, colon adenocarcinoma-specific effect was observed based on the detection of highest inhibitory effects of Fe NPs-MTX against HT29 cell line. In vitro assays initially demonstrated lysosome-directed toxicity which after a longer exposition period (72-120h) was superseded by pronounced inhibition of cellular metabolic activity. These data indicate a wide biological functionality spectrum of MVS produced Fe NPs loaded with MTX and their potential for biomedical application.
KINETIC REGULARITIES OF OBTAINING ELECTROLYTIC NANO-COATINGS AND COBALT COMPOSITES WITH REFRACTORY METALS
Authors: Sakhnenko Mykola , Zhamanbayeva Gulsara , Nenastina Tatyana , Kemelzhanova Aiman , Dalabay Lyazzat
Published: October 2023

Electrodeposition of composite coatings based on cobalt alloys from citratepyrophosphate electrolytes is investigated. The features of the co-reduction of cobalt with refractory metals (Mo, W, Zr) directly from the electrolyte solution are due to the mutual influence of thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of alloy-forming components. Modern electrochemical technologies for surface treatment of titanium alloys to create protective, antifriction, dielectric, and catalytically active materials are considered. The physicochemical fundamentals of the processes of plasma-electrolytic formation of conversion and composite electrolytic coatings are highlighted. Separate stages of electrode reactions, regularities of the influence of electrolyte components, and electrolysis parameters on the composition, structure, and morphology of synthesized materials are examined in detail. Considerable attention is paid to improving the synthesis of multicomponent alloys and composites based on cobalt from aggregative stable and stable electrolyte solutions, and flexible control of the composition and functional properties of materials is an urgent scientific and technical problem, the solution of which is the presented study.
ANALYSIS OF SALT-SENSITIVE AND SALT-TOLERANT SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI STRAINS USING DNA MICROARRAY, PHENOTYPE MICROARRAY AND GENOME MINING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Muntyan Victoria S. , Vladimirova Mariia E. , Afonin Alexey M. , Muntyan Alexey N. , Roumiantseva Marina L.
Published: October 2023

Nodule bacteria increase the resistance of host plants to abiotic stress factors; however, the role of the genetic potential of rhizobia in the formation of productive salt-tolerant plant-microbial symbiosis remains underestimated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pool of genes responsible for the salt tolerance of the alfalfa microsymbiont, Sinorhizobium meliloti, using the DNA microarray technique, phenotype microarray (PM), NGS and NNGS-technologies and genome mining (antismash 5.0). As a result of the analysis of the genomes of strains contrastingly different in salt tolerance, it was found that nucleotide changes in genes in salt-sensitive strains occurred significantly more often in genomic islands located on the chromosome. The genome of the salttolerant strain contained at least 25 genes involved in the DNA replication and repair and metabolism of nucleotides (1 KEGG group), amino acids (8 KEGG groups), lipids (2 KEGG groups), and carbohydrates (4 KEGG groups). Genomic analysis of the saltsensitive strain revealed 2 unique secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters on pSymB (NAGGN) and on the cryptic plasmid (phosphonate and ectoine), while both gene clusters are involved in the synthesis of substances that involved in osmotic stress response. In the genomes of salt-tolerant phenotype strains, changes occurred in a smaller number of genes belonging to other KEGG groups. Two unique clusters of antibiotic synthesis, the class of macrolides (conglobactin) and aminoglycosides (2- deoxystreptamine), as well as an additional cluster of synthesis of thioamitide RiPPs, were identified on the chromosome of a salt-tolerant strain using genome mining. The use of the PM technique made it possible to show that the salt-tolerant strain is resistant to 10 beta-lactam antibiotics, 7 cephalosporins, 9 aminoglycoside antibiotics, 5 tetracyclines, polymyxin E, and 16 antibiotics that block the synthesis of DNA, RNA, enzymes and proteins, while the salt-sensitive strain grew up on alternative sources of organic sulfur and carbon. The revealed characteristics of strains that contrastingly differ in stress tolerance are promising for their use in agrobiotechnology.
EVALUATION OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF THYMUS PULEGIOIDES EXTRACTS
Authors: Caraba Ion Valeriu , Caraba Marioara Nicoleta , Hutanu Delia , Pet Elena , Popescu Roxana
Published: October 2023

Increasing resistance of microorganisms to conventional drugs has required scientists to discover new sources of biocides with a broad spectrum of action. Since ancient times, plants and plant derivatives such as essential oils have been used in traditional medicine. In the present study, the ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts (leaves and stem) of Thymus pulegioides were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria, Gram+ bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, respectively Gram- bacteria Escherichia coli. The antibacterial potential was tested by the bacterial cell viability test, the spectrophotometric method. The results of the performed tests indicate a different antibacterial effect depending on the type of vegetative organ from which the extract was made, the concentration tested and the bacterial strain studied. A decrease in the antibacterial potential of the extracts is identified as the concentration decreases, the effect exerted being bacteriolytic or bacteriostatic, at some concentrations the values recorded being almost non-existent. The antibacterial potential of Thymus pulegioides extracts were more evident in Gram+ bacteria compared to Gram- bacteria.
RESEARCH REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AT BACTERIAL STRAINS ISOLATED FROM AQUACULTURE FISHES
Authors: Tirziu Emil , Banatean-Dunea Ioan , Nichita Ileana , Hotea Ionela , Bucur Iulia-Maria
Published: October 2023

The antibiotic resistance is a well-researched and of great interest subject for both veterinary and human medicine, not only due to the impact on human and animal health, but also for the effects that are triggered in the long run that are hard to specify at this moment. It is unanimously recognized the fact that the emergence of antimicrobial resistance phenomenon reduces the possibility of a large scale use of bacterial etiology diseases preventing and controlling means In the study was aimed both the isolation and identification of some bacterial species present in fishes from aquaculture farms, as well as the determination of the resistance degree to the main antibacterial substances of these isolated bacterial strains identified from the aquatic environment. The research was made on fish farms for the intensive growth of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), species raised for consumption. The laboratory tests were performed using Vitek2 Compact equipment, used both to identify the isolated bacterial species, as well as to test their resistance to antimicrobial agents. The assays for antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed on seven out of ten bacterial strains isolated at a higher frequency. The research showed that there was a higher antimicrobial resistance in Sphingomonas paucimobilis, at 4 out of 17 antimicrobial substances under study and in Rhizobium radiobacter at 5 antimicrobial substances.
CHALCEDONITE-BASED REPAIR MORTARS APPLICABLE IN HISTORIC BUILDINGS � SALT CRYSTALLIZATION RESISTANCE
Authors: Pivak Adam , Pavlikova Milena , Zaleska Martina , Pavlik Zbysek
Published: October 2023

Increasing demands on the thermal performance of the building envelope play a crucial role in the design of buildings in order to maintain a quality indoor climate with reduced energy consumption. In case of repair mortars development, the necessary thermal insulation improvement can be effectively achieved by using lightweight aggregates. However, the application of new materials to historical buildings might be problematic due to their incompatibility with materials originally used in the past. In this paper, two lime-based mortars have been prepared and studied in terms of their basic structural, thermal and mechanical properties with emphasis on the mechanical performance after salt crystallization. In terms of design, the first mortar mixture used silica sand as aggregate. In the second mixture, the sand was fully replaced by crushed chalcedonite. The samples were subjected to 10 wetting/drying cycles, immersed in NaCl solution and distilled water. The results confirmed that the application of porous chalcedonite aggregate caused significant increase in material porosity followed with the drop of thermal conductivity and compressive strength compared to the reference mortar with silica sand. On the other hand, residual compressive strength retained after the crystallization test exceeded the initial value before crystallization. Based on the results of the conducted experimental analyses it was concluded that the use of chalcedonite as aggregate in lime-based repair mortars might be beneficial due to the improved thermal insulation performance and resistance to salt crystallization.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AMINO ACID-BASED, ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS
Authors: Kvinikadze Sophiko , Tsverava Davit , Vanishvili Alexandre , Katsarava Ramaz , Chikhradze Nikoloz
Published: October 2023

Environmental pollution from polymer waste is one of the severe ecological problems. As of today, each day, approximately eight million pieces of plastic waste reach the ocean, where they are transformed into microplastics (small particles). Organisms in the sea are eating microplastics. The harmful effects of garbage ultimately affect humans.
Due to the magnitude of the problem, the demand for biodegradable, eco-friendly materials, which will decompose after the operational period and will not pollute the environment, has increased in recent years.
The latter contribute significantly to the sustainable development of the economy, as they are characterized by a wide range of uses and zero or minimal environmental impact [1-2].
The presented research concerns the synthesis of rigid structure monomers and biodegradable polymers based on them. Monomers tosyl diamino-diesters (TDADE) were synthesized by thermal condensation of amino acids and cyclic diols in a refluxed organic solvent. For the synthesis of polymers, we used the interfacial polycondensation method - we synthesized pseudoproteins of poly(ester urea) class (PP-PEU) by polycondensation of TDADE monomers with triphosgene.
The paper presents the synthesis of six new monomers - TDADE and the preparation of some rigid structured poly(ester urea) based on them. Polymers of this type are actively used mainly in the medical field, however, due to their mechanical characteristics, the application area is expected to be some engineering fields as well.
THE INFLUENCE OF 1D AND 2D CARBON NANOMATERIALS ON PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM OXYCHLORIDE CEMENT MORTARS
Authors: Zaleska Martina , Pavlikova Milena , Pivak Adam , Pavlik Zbysek , Jankovsky Ondrej
Published: October 2023

In this study, magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) mortars reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene were prepared and analyzed. The lower CO2 footprint of MOC in comparison with the production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) predestines MOC-based materials to be an environmentally sustainable alternative to OPC. However, the wider spread of MOC is hindered by its low water resistance. The combined influence of MWCNT and graphene as 1D and 2D carbon nanomaterials on properties of MOC mortars was experimentally studied in terms of basic physical, microstructural and mechanical parameters assessment. Moreover, the water resistance was investigated in detail based on the measurement of hygric parameters and softening coefficient after 24 h exposure to water. The addition of nanomaterials was (0.25+0.25) wt.% and (0.5+0.5) wt.% of MOC binder. The results showed that the combined addition of 1D and 2D carbon nanomaterials led to a reduction in average pore diameter, and thus quite obvious improvement in water resistance compared to the control MOC mortar. The developed nano-doped MOC mortars appear to be perspective materials that might find application in the construction industry.
CITIES AND THEIR METHODS OF REDUCING DOWNTOWN TRAFFIC
Authors: Fibich David , Plocova Kristyna , Pospisilova Jana
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the use of traffic calming elements to improve the environment, slow down traffic and increase safety for cyclists and pedestrians in urban centers in the Czech Republic. Calming elements also have a significant influence on the architecture of the street space. Traffic calming factors can be divided into psychological factors (e.g. road signs) and physical factors (e.g. road narrowing) or a combination of them based on their effect on drivers. These can be used at intersections and road sections where traffic needs to be calmed down. These places definitely include city centers. The architecture of the site in question, especially in the historic center, plays an important role in the use of traffic-calming elements, where the priority is to preserve the aesthetic function. The most frequently used psychological elements are traffic signs that limit speed or warn of dangerous areas. The task of the psychological component is to warn the driver of increased danger in a certain place, thanks to which the driver will pay attention and slow down. The role of the physical element is to slow down the driver. Examples are narrow roads and speed bumps. The use of these elements effectively affects the psyche of the driver. A high-quality variant of traffic calming is a combination of both types. The most drastic element of traffic calming is also the partial or complete elimination of motor vehicle traffic with the exclusion of traffic services, or the creation of pedestrian or residential zones in the problem area.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHLORIDE PENETRATION INTO CONCRETE
Authors: Vorechovska Dita , Hrabova Kristyna , Lehner Petr , Rovnanikova Pavla , Konecny Petr
Published: October 2023

Durability and reliability of concrete structures is influenced by different forms and combinations of attacks such as environmental, mechanical, chemical and/or electrochemical. Among them the damage due to reinforcement corrosion is a rather crucial one and rather often is governed by the presence of chlorides on the surface of the steel. To assess and/or predict this complex effect causing a specific type of concrete damages, both the experimental and modelling methods have to be utilized. As a part of large experimental programme, the evolution of chloride penetration into concrete was measured in different time steps. Based on those experimental results different analytical models were utilized for simulation of the process of chloride ingress and the ability of the models to fit the original experimental data was evaluated.
WATER PRODUCTION FROM HYDRATED SULFATES ON MARS. A GEOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT
Authors: Jamanca-Lino Gustavo , Guerra Guevara Clairet
Published: October 2023

The extraction and utilization of planetary materials in situ are of utmost importance to establish a sustainable human presence on Mars. Among these resources, water stands out as the most valuable due to its potential for producing rocket propellants and supporting life systems for astronauts. This research delves into the water resources in Meridiani Planum, an equatorial region where the presence of hydrated sulfates has been confirmed. Leveraging data from the Opportunity Rover and its advanced instruments� the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) and the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES)�chemical and mineralogical information were processed and classified using statistical methods. The authors go beyond data analysis, presenting a comprehensive high-level concept for acquiring the ore, mineral processing, and water extraction through dehydration techniques. Excavation and physical preparation are examined, incorporating crushing and beneficiation stages. Furthermore, the work includes calculating the temperature, enthalpy, Gibbs energy and kinetic for sulfates dehydration. The outcomes are highlighted through a conceptual architecture, offering estimations regarding mineral throughput for a pilot plant capable of supplying sufficient water to sustain six astronauts throughout an entire Martian year. This study sets a foundation for future endeavours in realizing the ambitious goal of establishing a selfsustaining human presence on Mars.
QUANTO VALE NOSSAS VIDAS? – UMA ABORDAGEM CTS DOS PROCESSOS DE MINERAÇÃO (EXPLORAÇÃO DA TERRA E DA FORÇA DE TRABALHO) A PARTIR DOS CRIMES AMBIENTAIS DE MARIANA E BRUMADINHO
Authors: Moura Maria Eduarda Tavares de
Published: October 2023

A abordagem CTS consiste em uma perspectiva de investigação filosófica e sociológica da ciência, tomando como frente três grandes aspectos: o campo da pesquisa, propondo uma reflexão sobre os moldes academicistas de produção científica; o campo da política pública, facilitando discussões democraticamente necessárias em questões tocantes à política científico-tecnológica e o campo da educação. Neste trabalho, estabelecemos historicamente uma visão da exploração da terra e da força de trabalho a partir dos processos da indústria de mineração, reconhecendo as origens e fundamentos dos principais processos tecnológicos de tratamento dos minérios explorados no Brasil, destacando a importância socioeconômica da mineração na vida dos brasileiros e discutindo acerca das políticas públicas e como elas influenciam na efetivação das legislações ambientais. Este trabalho foi aplicado na Escola Técnica Estadual Alcides do Nascimento Lins, em Recife-PE, em uma oficina do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). A partir disso, o projeto foi engajado na construção de discussões sobre os eixos ambiental, social, econômico e ético que tangenciam os crimes ambientais de Mariana e Brumadinho. Partindo da análise das atividades aplicadas na oficina, fica claro que o uso da abordagem CTS no Ensino de Química fomenta um processo mais crítico e reflexivo na construção do conhecimento.
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DAS INSTITUIÇÕES PRIVADAS DE ENSINO POR ATOS DE BULLYING
Authors: Paiva Sílvia Thaís Duarte de
Published: October 2023

O presente artigo visa estabelecer as hipóteses de aplicação do instituto da responsabilidade civil das escolas privadas de ensino primário e secundário em casos de ocorrência de danos causados por atos de Bullying ocorridos no interior destes estabelecimentos. Ainda, busca-se realizar uma delimitação teórica dos temas abordados estabelecendo conceitos doutrinários acerca do tema, a fim de determinar os limites para esta responsabilização. Buscamos apresentar os posicionamentos mais atualizados e a discussão presente na doutrina entendendo pela possibilidade de configuração do dano moral nas situações de Bullying entre alunos, a partir da responsabilidade civil objetiva fundada no risco da atividade das instituições privadas enquanto prestadoras de serviço.
A different way to diagnosis acute appendicitis: machine learning
Authors: Harmantepe Ahmet Tarik , Dikicier Enis , Gönüllü Emre , Ozdemir Kayhan , Kamburoğlu Muhammet Burak , Yigit Merve
Published: October 2023

Indroduction: Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence based on the idea that systems can learn from data, identify patterns, and make decisions with minimal human intervention.

Aim: Our aim is to predict acute appendicitis, which is the most common indication for emergency surgery, using machine learning algorithms with an easy and inexpensive method.

Materials and methods: Patients who were treated surgically with a prediagnosis of acute appendicitis in a single center between 2011 and 2021 were analyzed. Patients with right lower quadrant pain were selected. A total of 189 positive and 156 negative appendectomies were found. Gender and hemogram were used as features. Machine learning algorithms and data analysis were made in Python (3.7) programming language.

Results: Negative appendectomies were found in 62% (n = 97) of the women and in 38% (n = 59) of the men. Positive appendectomies were present in 38% (n = 72) of the women and 62% (n = 117) of the men. The accuracy in the test data was 82.7% in logistic regression, 68.9% in support vector machines, 78.1% in k-nearest neighbors, and 83.9% in neural networks. The accuracy in the voting classifier created with logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machines, and artificial neural networks was 86.2%. In the voting classifier, the sensitivity was 83.7% and the specificity was 88.6%.

Conclusions: The results of our study show that machine learning is an effective method for diagnosing acute appendicitis. This study presents a practical, easy, fast, and inexpensive method to predict the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
Empathy and resilience in health care professionals
Authors: Wilczek-Rużyczka Ewa
Published: October 2023

Empathy and resilience have an indirect effect on raising the level of the quality of care, as empathy is the basis for good interactions between medical workers and patients, and resilience, as a dynamic process, helps caregivers adapt well to difficult working conditions, risks or traumas experienced. The development of empathy and resilience of these medical workers is possible by a training method already employed among medical students in order to both improve the quality of care, but also to more effectively prevent professional burnout. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of empathy and the level of resilience, their possible correlations with each other, as well as the relationship of these variables with socio-demographic variables.The study was carried out in 2021 among 31 doctors and 45 nurses using two main tools - the Emotional-Cognitive Empathy Questionnaire (EEP)by Ewa Wilczek-Rużyczka and the Resilience Measurement Scale(SPP-25) by Nina Oginska-Bulik and Zygfryd Juczynski, as well as a socio-demographic questionnaire.The most valuable results of the study turned out to be the demonstration of statistically significant concordant associations of empathy level with resilience level both in general, and their individual factors as statistically significant intercorrelations. In addition, statistically significant differences were shown in the case of cognitive empathy - higher levels of empathy were found among people with longer work experience and women when compared to men. In the case of the level of other components of empathy, as well as resilience, differences so as to be statistically significant could not be confirmed.It is recommended that empathy and resilience training sessions be implemented for health care workers, and that the study be continued with larger research groups, with additional control groups, to refine the programs of these training sessions.
Selected areas of the homelessness problem in Poland. Literature review
Authors: Sygulska Katarzyna
Published: October 2023

The article is the literature review on selected aspects of homelessness and describes areas such as: definitions and causes of homelessness, helping homeless people, experiences of people helping them and postulated recommendations regarding help. The article also presents the issue of family, mental and material situation as well as places where homeless people stay.
EFFECT OF AFLATOXIN B1 ON THE HAEMATOLOGY, TESTES, AND LUNGS OF ADULT MALE RATS: A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Ashi Hayat , Almalki Meshal , Hamed Enas , Makhlouf Madiha , Alsulami Fatimah , Alharbi Amjad , Alharbi Areej , Alami Outour , Alqethami Nouf , Al-Rahmani Fatimah , Thabit Maryam , Aashi Shirin , Alzahrani Youssef , Elbanna Khaled , Abulreesh Hussein
Published: October 2023

Background: Aflatoxins are food-contaminating metabolites that can intoxicate and damage multiple organs. This study compared the effects of aflatoxin powder (AFB) and aflatoxin liquid (AFS) administrations on the testes and lungs of rats and elaborated their potential activity mechanisms.Methods: Fifteen rats were equally divided into 3 groups. The AFB and AFS groups were orally administered with aflatoxin B1 powder (0.5 mg/kg) and aflatoxin B1 liquid (0.5 mg/kg) for 21 days. The control group was fed on a basal pellet diet and water. The body weights of the rats were measured at the beginning of the trial and on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. Blood samples were withdrawn at the end of the experiments and examined for complete blood count (CBC) [red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin content, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelet, neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, basophil, and eosinophil counts]. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, e.g. malonaldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and serum testosterone were determined. Testes and lungs were examined under a light microscope to assess the aflatoxin B1-induced histopathological changes.Results: The weight gain and its percentages were significantly high in the AFS group than AFB group (P <0.050). Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and basophil counts were also significantly increased in AFB and AFS groups in comparison to the controls. A significant increase in eosinophil count was noted in the AFB group as compared to controls whereas lymphocyte count remained significantly high in the AFS group than AFB group. Testosterone serum levels significantly decreased in both groups (AFB and AFS) as compared to the control group. MDA and NO serum levels were also significantly high in the AFS group than the AFB group whereas the levels of both groups (AFB and AFS) were higher than in controls. Histological examinations of the testes revealed severe testicular damage, loss of the spermatogenesis process, necrosis, degeneration, shrinkage, and atrophy of seminiferous tubules in both AFB and AFS groups. Histological observations of the lungs depicted large numbers of inflammatory cells, mast cell infiltration, dilated alveolar sacs with exudates, and marked hemorrhages in both groups (AFB and AFS). The histological damages of the testes and lungs were more prominent in the AFS group than AFB group.Conclusion: The results demonstrated elevated oxidative stress markers and reduced serum testosterone levels in AFB and AFS-treated rats. Both studied organs (testes and lung) were severely damaged with more obvious changes in AFS treated group than in AFB treated group.
Analisis Kondisi Jalan Perkerasan Lentur Berdasarkan Prediksi Umur Sisa Menggunakan Metode AASHTO 1993 serta Analisis Kerusakan Lapis Perkerasan Lentur Menggunakan Metode Horack (Studi Kasus: Ruas Jalan Bypass Kota Pariaman STA 52+100 s/d 57+100)
Authors: Oktavia Tanjung Fitri , Subagio Bambang Sugeng , Rahman Harmein
Published: October 2023

Abstrak
Jalan yang dibebani oleh lalu lintas kendaraan yang tinggi dan terus menerus dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan jalan baik secara fungsional maupun struktural. Ruas jalan Bypass Kota Pariaman merupakan ruas jalan nasional yang diperuntukan bagi kendaraan-kendaraan berat yang akan melintasi Kota Pariaman menuju ke arah Kota Padang dan sebaliknya ke arah Kabupaten Agam. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ruas jalan ini telah mengalami kerusakan yang cukup parah sehingga dapat mengganggu kenyamanan serta keamanan dalam berkendara. Prediksi umur sisa perkerasan jalan penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ruas jalan ini masih mampu menanggung beban lalu lintas atau tidak. Prediksi umur sisa dilakukan menggunakan metode AASHTO 1993 berdasarkan data lendutan jalan tahun 2020 yang di uji menggunakan alat FWD dengan analisis perhitungan Backcalculation untuk mendapatkan nilai CESAL pada saat kondisi failure. Hasil analisis menunjukan, jumlah repetisi beban yang masih mampu ditanggung oleh ruas jalan ini sebesar 2.337.881 ESAL ditahun 2023 dengan umur sisa = 0 tahun lagi. selanjutnya dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui kondisi kerusakan tiap lapisan perkerasan menggunakan metode Horack dengan data lendutan sebagai parameter penilaian. Hasil analisis menunjukan rata-rata kondisi tiap lapis perkerasan jalan telah berada dalam kategori rusak berat dengan lapisan yang mengalami kerusakan paling parah yaitu di lapisan subbase.
Kata-kata Kunci: AASHTO 1993, CESAL, FWD, horack, umur sisa perkerasan jalan,
Abstract
Roads loaded with high vehicle traffic can cause road damage both functionally and structurally. The Pariaman City Bypass Road is a national road section intended for heavy vehicles that will cross Pariaman City to Padang City and vice versa to Agam Regency. In recent years, this road has been damaged quite severely which can interfere with driving comfort and safety. Prediction of the remaining life is important to know whether the road section is still able to carry the traffic load or not. Prediction of remaining life is by using the 1993 AASHTO method based on 2020 road deflection data tested using the FWD tool with Backcalculation analysis to obtain the CESAL value at the time of failure. The analysis results show that the number of load repetitions that can still be borne by this road section is 2,337,881 ESAL in 2023 with a remaining life of 0 year. Furthermore, an analysis is carried out to determine the damage condition of each pavement layer using the Horack method with deflection data as an assessment parameter. The analysis results show that the average condition of each pavement layer has been in the category of severe damage with the most severely damaged layer being the subbase layer.
Keywords:  AASHTO 1993, CESAL, FWD, horack, pavement remaining life
Pengukuran Faktor Beban Dinamis Struktur Jembatan menggunakan Bridge WIM pada jembatan bentang pendek di Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha Widi , Sidi Indra Djati , Suarjana Made , Zulkifli Ediansjah
Published: October 2023

Abstrak
Jembatan lalu lintas adalah struktur yang mengalami beban yang bersifat dinamis. Efeknya pada elemen jembatan adalah kemungkinan terjadinya amplifikasi beban yang dialami dibandingkan dengan beban kendaraan dalam kondisi statis. Besaran faktor amplifikasi beban dinamis ini harus diperhitungkan dalam desain jembatan sebagai pengali dari beban desain. Dalam Standar pembebanan jembatan SNI 1725:2016 ditetapkan faktor beban dinamis (FBD) adalah 30-40% tergantung panjang bentang jembatan. Seiring perkembangan teknologi pengukuran beban kendaraan, yaitu menggunakan Bridge Weigh-in-Motion (B-WIM), FBD ini dapat diperhitungkan untuk setiap kendaraan yang melintas. Hasil pengukuran B-WIM di Ruas Jalan Nasional Pantura Jawa Tengah, Batang– Kendal, pada tahun 2018 yang memiliki kondisi beban dan lalu lintas terberat di ruas jalan nasional akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengukuran FBD terhadap kendaraan yang melintasi jembatan yang digunakan sebagai B-WIM dengan metode analisa respons elemen struktur jembatan tersebut. Nilai FBD bisa didapatkan sebagai rasio antara respons dinamis terhadap respons statis perhitungan berdasarkan algoritma B-WIM. Dari studi ini didapatkan bahwa dalam nilai FBD kendaraan sifatnya acak dan memiliki nilai rata-rata 1,18 dengan koefisien variansi 16%, yang berada di bawah nilai FBD dalam SNI. Kemudian, sebuah persamaan regresi diusulkan untuk penentuan nilai FBD bagi jembatan bentang pendek di Indonesia.
Kata-kata Kunci: Beban bergerak, beban dinamis, faktor beban dinamis, jembatan, SNI.
Abstract
Bridge is a structure that withstands dynamic loading due to traffic. The dynamic effects on bridge element could amplifies the loading to be larger than static loading. This dynamic amplification effect should be considered on bridge design and applied as multiplier factor of the design load. On SNI 1725:2016 Bridge Loading Code, the dynamic load amplification factor (DAF) is set at 30-40% depending on bridge span length. Due to recent development on vehicle live load measurement, such as Bridge Weigh-in-Motion (B-WIM), DAF can be calculated for every vehicle passed the bridge. The B-WIM measurement results on North Coast National Road of Batang-Kendal, Central Java in 2018 which has busiest and also heaviest traffic loading, will be used on this research. The DAF measurement due to traffic vehicle load that passed the bridge that used as B-WIM can be done by doing analysis on bridge structure response. DAF is ratio of dynamic response and static response, the static response on B-WIM is a calculated signal based on B-WIM algorithm. From this study, DAF is a random variable, with average of 1,18 & coefficient of variation 16%, which is below DAF on SNI. Also, a bilinear equation of DAF is proposed for short span bridge in Indonesia.
Keywords: Bridge, dynamic amplification factor, dynamic load, weigh-in-motion, SNI.
Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal and Management Challenges in Major Cities in Nigeria: A Case Study of Uyo, Nigeria
Authors: Udoumoh U. I. , Ahuchaogu I. I. , Ayotamuno J. M.
Published: October 2023

Open dumpsites are common features in cities in developing countries of the world, Nigeria inclusive. The wastes disposed of in these dumpsites can cause a number of public and environmental health risks including surface and groundwater pollution. The objectives of this research are to examine the causes and challenges facing the disposal and management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in major cities in Nigeria, with a view to proffering sanitary or scientific-based solutions to this problem. The method adopted was in-site observation of notorious dumpsites in the study area, interview with stakeholders, discussion with residents around the dumpsites and review of relevant literatures. The result of the investigation shows that unguided disposal and management of municipal solid waste are basically associated with lack of public awareness programmes, limitation in access to effective policies and enforcement on the part of the people and the government respectively, lack of qualified waste workers, poor funding, lack of biological and mechanical waste treatment plants/facilities, and non-usage of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Schemes and community-based approaches in tackling the problem in an holistic manner. The study suggests new approaches that could be used to achieve sustainable and effective waste disposal and management which would support government’s effort in improving solid waste management in Nigeria.
Issues in Exclusion Clauses in the Mobile Communications Industry: Statutory Control and Exclusion Clauses as Terms of Contract
Authors: Amasiatu Ifunanya
Published: October 2023

The use of exclusion clauses in the mobile communications industry has become a prominent feature of contractual agreements between service providers and consumers. These contractual provisions, designed to limit the liability of service providers, have raised significant concerns regarding consumer protection. This article explores the salient issues surrounding the use of exclusion clauses in the mobile communications industry, with a specific focus on statutory control and exclusion clause as terms of contract. It examines the legal and practical implications of these clauses and their impact on consumer rights and remedies. The article also considers the challenges posed by complex contractual language in exclusion clauses. The paper is a contribution to ongoing discourses on consumer protection within the dynamic mobile communications landscape.
DIREITOS HUMANOS E DECOLONIALIDADE EPISTÊMICA INDÍGENA BRASILEIRA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Valim Ricardo , Santos Cleyton Pereira dos , Telles Lívia Catarina Matoso dos Santos
Published: October 2023

O presente trabalho objetivou analisar o percurso histórico e filosófico decolonizador do itinerário epistêmico e normativo pelo qual passaram os povos originários desde os primórdios do empreendimento colonial. Observa-se o caminho jurídico progressivo em defesa das culturas originárias, na preservação das tradições, na proteção da natureza e no respaldo jurídico para com suas próprias existências enquanto seres humanos com direitos fundamentais assegurados. A metodologia utilizada consiste em uma pesquisa teórica assentada na leitura e análise de casos da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH), da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT), da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA) e da Constituição Federal de 1988. Valioso contributo para a pesquisa é a leitura e estudo das obras de autores indígenas brasileiros contemporâneos como: Ailton Krenak (2022), Daniel Munduruku (2016), Davi Kopenawa (2015) e Kaká Werá Jecupé (2017) que revelam através de sua difusão prolífico-literária de saberes a vozpráxis-política da floresta que clama em preocupação com a possibilidade de aniquilamento da humanidade pela falta de cuidado com o meio ambiente e no respeito à diversidade humana. A pesquisa se alicerça ainda a partir dos estudos desenvolvidos pelo pesquisador e Professor Leno Francisco Danner (2021) da Universidade Federal de Rondônia/UNIR que em seus estudos demonstra a atualidade e pertinência destas tradições ancestrais. Conclui-se que os ensinamentos dos povos originários e tudo o que mais venha a constituir suas identidades é digno de respeito e preservação e isso fica explícito quando entidades jurídicas nacionais e internacionais atestam por via de normativas estabelecidas em consenso.
Assessment of Food Security Status in Tanzania’s Rural Context: The Case of Chamwino
Authors: Lukiko Dominick , H. Sokoni Cosmas
Published: October 2023

Food security is emerging as a key focus in developing countries as a determinant of socio-economic development. Rain-dependent agriculture, rain irregularities and variability necessitate the need to study the current status of food security, especially in semi-arid areas of Africa. This paper assesses food security in the rural context of Chamwino District, Tanzania. It employs the sustainable livelihoods framework as its main tool of assessment under a mixed-method design for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Also, it employs a simple random sampling technique to draw 385 agro-pastoralist households out of 13595. Likewise, it employed a stratified sampling technique to ensure that appropriate number of elements are drawn from the homogeneous subsets of the population. Focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, transect walk and situational analysis mapping techniques were employed to ensure validity. Quantitative analysis was supported by IBM SPSS software, version 20, to establish values of existing patterns. Qualitative data were subjected to content analysis to explore functions, attributes and drivers. The results suggest that Chamwino District has a chronic food insecurity history recorded from 1837 up to 2020. Most of the rural agro-pastoralists are victims of food insecurity even when agricultural productions are in surplus due to a wide range of factors. The magnitude of this problem is comparatively higher than in other districts in Dodoma Region. The intensity of the food problem is influenced by cash economy, the lack of technical education, limited diversity in reliable sources of income, and inadequate public utilities. Also, there are field-based evidences about the failure of the regulatory system to stimulate agro-pastoralism.
Mathematical Modeling of Dynamic Interactions in Green Energy Transition for Economic and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Muhammad Abdulgaffar , Jeroh Edrin , Nuhu Yusuf Ibrahim , Elton Mike Micah Ezekiel , Idris Mohammed Bello
Published: October 2023

In the pursuit of a harmonious coexistence between economic growth and environmental sustainability, this paper delves into the intricate realm of "Mathematical Modeling of Dynamic Interactions in Green Energy Transition for Economic and Environmental Sustainability." Building upon the foundational contributions of Polimeni, Mayumi, Giampietro, and Alcott (2008), we navigate a complex mathematical landscape where equations articulate the interplay of energy consumption (E), economic production (P), and carbon emissions (C). As the equations come to life, they illuminate pathways that offer theoretical insights into the intricate dynamics at play. These pathways, shaped by nuanced parameters, provide a theoretical foundation to decipher the complex interactions between renewable technologies, economic growth, and environmental balance. Guided by the perspectives of Edenhofer et al. (2014) and Grubler (1998), we transcend equations to explore the strategic realm where policies and strategies find their genesis. The theoretical insights unearthed through this exploration serve as guiding lights for policymakers and stakeholders. Armed with this theoretical compass, policymakers navigate the complexities of green energy transition, crafting interventions that resonate with the rhythm of sustainable progress. These insights enrich the spectrum of strategies aimed at fostering economic prosperity without compromising the delicate equilibrium of the environment. Within the symphony of design, theory metamorphoses into actionable strategies, intricately woven into the fabric of growth and sustainability. This paper underscores the pivotal role of theoretical frameworks in shaping effective policies and strategies, providing a roadmap for a future where equilibrium and progress dance in synchrony.
La orientación familiar en el autocuidado de los adultos mayores con hipertensión arterial. Revisión narrativa actualizada de la literatura existente
Authors: Moreira Arteaga Julissa Claribel , Suastegui Sornoza Silvia Monserrate
Published: October 2023

La presencia de enfermedades crónicas en el adulto mayor requiere el manejo y control estricto por parte de profesionales de la salud idóneos, pero también necesita del autocuidado que estos pacientes posean para garantizar la adherencia y el cumplimiento de las pautas terapéuticas recomendadas en la implicancia que tenga la orientación familiar para tomar conciencia de lo que representa la propia condición de salud. Analizar la influencia de la orientación familiar en las prácticas de autocuidado en adultos mayores con Hipertensión Arterial desde la revisión narrativa de la literatura existente en el contexto latinoamericano. Se trata de una investigación documental ubicada en el paradigma postpositivista con un enfoque cualitativo, partiendo de la búsqueda, recopilación y revisión de fuentes bibliográficas recuperadas de bases de datos de acceso libre como Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Scopus y Latindex en inglés y español de los últimos cinco años. Se logró identificar la importancia que tiene la orientación familiar como un proceso activo que estimula la capacidad del adulto mayor para comprender su estado de salud, y la puesta en acción de sus conocimientos para tomar decisiones apropiadas. Se concluye que la orientación familiar influye considerablemente en la capacidad de autocuidado del adulto mayor con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles como la Hipertensión arterial; sin embargo, existen otros factores que inciden drásticamente en el estado de salud, pudiendo empeorar sus condiciones biológicas, psicológicas y sociales.