bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CORRELATION BETWEEN ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEEDS AND PSYCHOSOCIAL CONDITION OF ADOLESCENTS IN SMPN 1 MARABAHAN
Authors: Muzakki Erwan Ridha , Wibowo Diana , Rasyid Nolista Indah
Published: June 2020

Background: Malocclusion creates problems in mastication, swallowing, speech, high risk of trauma, periodontal disease, caries and decreased aesthetic which can affect psychosocial. People with malocclusion often receive poor response from others, such as insult or inappropriate nickname. The psychological effects on people with malocclusion include inferiority, embarrassment, difficulty in adaptation, emotional disorder, lack of confidence, uncomfortable social interaction, unhappy, and often compare themselves with others. These will affect a person’s development, especially during adolescence. Objective: The purpose of this research was to know about correlation between the orthodontic treatment needs with the psychosocial condition in adolescent at SMPN 1 Marabahan. Methods: This research was an observational analytic using cross sectional approach. The sample size using Slovin in this research was 76 students of SMPN 1 Marabahan. Data collection was performed using IOTN-DHC and PIDAQ questionnaire. Data analysis consisted of univariate analysis which described each variable and bivariate analysis with Spearman test. Results: The orthodontic treatment needs at SMPN 1 Marabahan based on the highest IOTN-DHC was in the category of really need the treatment. They were about 40 people (53%). The psychological condition in adolescent based on the highest PIDAQ was on the student with an average score of 45.22. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between orthodontic treatment needs with the psychosocial condition of adolescent.
COMPARISON OF PLAQUE SCORE BETWEEN TRADITIONAL BRUSHING TEETH (MISWAK) AND BASS METHOD (Overview of Students of the Pondok Pesantren Darul Hijrah Putera Banjarbaru)
Authors: Yamani Rachmad , Adhani Rosihan , Wibowo Diana
Published: June 2020

Background: Siwak or miswak is obtained from the branches and stems of the Salvadora persica plant that grows in the Middle Eastern plains and commonly used as a toothbrush to clean teeth and gingival structures. Miswak contains natural antibacterial acids (astringents, abrasives and detergents) which function to kill bacteria, prevent infection and stop bleeding in the gum. Chemical substances such as Chloride, Pottasium, Sodium Bicarbonate, Fluoride, Silica, Sulfur, Vitamin C, Trimethylamine, Salvadorine, and Tannins which function to clean teeth, whiten and nourish teeth and gingiva. How to brush your teeth has an effect on reducing or removing plaque. Efforts to clean plaque can be done by brushing your teeth. Brushing your teeth using a toothbrush is a form of mechanical removal of plaque. It can be done through several methods, including the method of Bass, Stillman, Fones, and adapted to the movements named Vertical and Horizontal. The bass method is a tooth brushing technique that is done by placing a 45-degree toothbrush on the root of the tooth and then gently pressing it while doing a small rotating motion. The tip of the toothbrush is directed to the gingival neck. The bass method is more effective for removing plaque around and below the edge of the gingiva. Controlled movements are used to get rid of plaque and avoid trauma to the gingiva. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of plaque scores between brushing tooth with traditional (Miswak) and bass methods on students of the Pondok Pesantren Darul Hijrah Putera Banjarbaru. Method: This study used the Quasi experimental research method with Pre and Post-test. Results: The results of statistical tests using the non-parametric test of the Man Whitney test showed a value of p = 0,000 (p ≤ 0,05), the results showed that there were significant differences between the plaque scores before and after the tooth brushing treatment with the miswak and bass method. Conclusion: The bass method group has a lower plaque score than the miswak group.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN FROM HARUAN (Channa striata) FISH SCALES AGAINST THE GROWTH OF Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: A.J Rahma Dania , Tri Putri Deby Kania , Taufiqurrahman Irham
Published: June 2020

Background: Periodontal disease is one of the dental and oral diseases that is often found in people in Indonesia. RISKESDAS (2018) stated that the prevalence of people who have dental and oral health problems in Indonesia is 57.6%. The prevalence of oral and dental problems in South Kalimantan is 60%. Periodontal disease is damage to the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms such as Porphyromonas gingivalis which are gram negative bacteria. The growth of these bacteria can be inhibited and killed by chitosan from haruan fish scales. Chitosan is a natural product of chitin, chitosan is the basic ingredient of fish scales. Chitosan has advantages and more safety levels, because it has an active group that will bind to microbes so chitosan can inhibit and kill microbial growth. Objective: to analyze the antibacterial activity of chitosan scales (Channa striata) on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Methods: This research used true experimental with randomized pre and post test with only control group design with eight treatments. Chitosan of haruan fish scales with liquid dilution method to obtain MIC and solid dilution test to obtain MBC. Results: The results showed that Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of chitosan haruan scales was found at a concentration of 2.5% characterized by a decrease in absorbance value of 0.092 and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration found at a concentration of 20% characterized by the absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Conclusion: There is an inhibitory activity and a bactericidal activity from chitosan of haruan fish scales on Porphyromonas gingivalis.
LINKAGES OF Ca V1.2, GLUTAMATE, AND ODONTOBLAST IN THE MECHANISM OF TOOTH PAIN
Authors: Utami Juliyatin Putri
Published: June 2020

Background: Odontoblast is often associated with its role as sensory cell in tooth pain. Odontoblasts have ion channels that contribute to the sensitivity and release of neurotransmitters in odontoblast stimuli that are activated in pulp sensory nerve fibers. Review: Ca V1.2 has unexpected plasticity. In dental injury, the appearance of Ca V1.2 canal in odontoblast is known to change, depend on the duration of injury. The dentinal pulp tissue has the ability to release glutamate, which acts as an intercellular mediator to create neuronal signaling communication between inter-odontoblast and odontoblast- trigeminal ganglion nerve (TG). Discussion: Odontoblasts as a mechanosensitive sensory cell are indicated by the role of the TRP transduction receptor and the release of ATP. Though other canals and active compounds in odontoblast are involved, an important role in delivering the sensation of pain also needs to be known. Odontoblast will communicate with paracrine pulp nerves using ATP and glutamate. Ca2+ enters the odontoblast through activated TRP channels and other ion channels, such as L-type VGCC channels (Ca V 1.2). Followed by the release of glutamate from odontoblast through the glutamate-permeable canal, it can trigger the pulp nerve via glutamate metabotropic receptors (mGluRs). Conclusion: There is involvement of Ca V1.2 and glutamate canals in odontoblast in the delivery mechanism of pain.
THE EFFECT OF DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION USING MUSIC IN DECREASING PLAQUE INDEX OF INTELLECTUALLY DISABLED
Authors: Chintyasari Shaula , Hatta Isnur , Firdaus I Wayan Arya Krishnawan
Published: June 2020

Background: Intellectually disabled (ID) children refer to special needs children whose intelligences are below the average. Poor dental and oral health conditions are a problem that is often found in ID children. Dental health education (DHE) on toothbrushing activity for ID children can be a solution for their dental and oral health problems, however ID children have limitation in receiving information caused by the deficit of cognitive functions covering perception, memory, idea development, evaluation, and reasoning. Effective learning processes in DHE for ID children can be achieved by using adaptive media like music adjusted to the condition of ID children. Objective: To analyze the effect of DHE using music in decreasing plaque index of mild-to-moderate ID children. Methods: Pre-experimental (one-group pre and posttest) and total sampling method were used. Thirty subjects, junior high school students with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability (9 females and 21 males), were given 15 sessions of DHE using music as adaptive media. The music was in the form of children's song, which contains stages of tooth-brushing using modified-bass technique, created specifically by adjusting to characteristics of ID children. Plaque index was measured using Quigley–Hein Turesky–Gilmore–Glickman modification on day-0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. Results: Average plaque index of all subjects (mean±SD): pretest (4.79±0.27), posttest-1 (4.37±0.36), posttest-2 (4.02±0.42), posttest-3 (3.39±0.46), posttest-4 (2.78±0.65), posttest-5 (2.29±0.86), Wilcoxon statistical analysis showed that there are significant differences (p<0,05). Conclusion: DHE using music as adaptive media in the form of children's songs can affect the reduction in plaque index of mild-to-moderate ID children since the 3rd day. The decrease in male subjects' plaque index was slower than in female subjects. Grade level does not affect the decrease in plaque index of ID children. Lingual surface’s plaque index had higher score with slower decline than buccal surface.
MANDIBULAR BONE QUALITY OF PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHS IN HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN
Authors: Firman Ria Noerianingsih , Sufiawati Irna , Primarti Risti Saptarini , Nurrachman Aga Satria , Damayanti Merry Annisa
Published: June 2020

Background: People living with HIV may have several pathologic conditions in its body and bone is one of the organs affected by HIV infection. HIV-infected patients have been associated frequently with osteoporosis and lower bone mineral density (BMD) which may lead to the increasing risk of bone fracture. This situation may become more complicated in children and young age as it will affect the long-term bone quality and development later in life until the peak BMD is reached. Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the mandibular bone quality using the mandibular cortical index (MCI) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI) in panoramic radiographs of HIV-infected children. Method: This study used descriptive cross sectional research design which analyzed panoramic radiographs of HIV-infected children and measured its mandibular bone quality. Total 43 panoramic radiographs of HIV-infected children were observed and analyzed qualitatively using mandibular cortical index (MCI) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI) were used for the quantitave measurement, as it have been widely used for assesing mandibular bone quality in previous studies. Mandibular cortical index (MCI) has 3 categories of cortical bone quality: C1 (normal cortex), C2 (mildly to moderately eroded cortex), and C3 (severely eroded cortex), while the normal ratio of mental foramen-inferior border of mandible to mandibular cortical length in panoramic mandibuIar index is about 0.3. Result: Mandibular cortical index (MCI) of 43 HIV-infected children consist of 4 samples in C1, 38 in  C2, 1 in C3, while the panoramic mandibular index (PMI) of 43 HIV-infected children consist of 23 less than normal, 5 normal, 15 more than normal. Conclusions: The most number of mandibular cortical index (MCI) was C2 (mildly to moderately eroded cortex) and the most number of panoramic mandibular index (PMI) was less than normal of HIV-infected children.
EFFECT OF Musa acuminate AND Ocimum basilicum MIXED EXTRACTS ON BIOACTIVE RESIN’S FLUORIDE RELEASE
Authors: Fatwati Kurnia , Puspitasari Dewi , Apriasari Maharani Laillyza
Published: June 2020

Background: Bioactive composite resin was materials that are able to released fluoride when the intra oral pH value drops. Mouthwash is one of the triggers for changes in pH of the oral cavity. The many side effects caused by chemical mouthwashes make herbal plants an alternative to natural mouthwash. Traditional plants that have the potential to be used as mouthwash include of Mauli Banana (Musa acuminata) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.).Objective: To analyze the effect of Mauli banana stem (Musa acuminate) and basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) mixed extracts on fluoride (F) release from bioactive resin. Method: Thirty specimens (15mm diameter x 1mm thick; n=5/group) were fabricated using Activa ™ Bioactive Restorative (Pulpdent). Mauli banana stem and basil leaves extracts mixture at the concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% were respectively exerted as treatment groups while 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHX) and aquadest employed as control groups. Bioactive resin immersion was performed for 7 days in 37oC incubator prior to the measurement of F release using pH meter Lutron (208) TL Lutron (Taiwan). Results: One Way Anova and Post Hoc Dunnets-T3 not only depicted the significant differences among treatment groupprior tontly easurement ofrable bioactive resin durability in the oral cavity. on f of 50% (3.22±0.46ppm), 75% (2.31±0,45ppm), 100% (2.29±0.46ppm), but also control group CHX (2.31±0,45ppm), and aquadest (1.85±0.91ppm) compared to 25% treatment group (6.00±0.87ppm).Conclusion: There is a significant effect of Mauli Banana stem and basil leaves extract mixture on bioactive resin F release. Increasing concentration may reduce the number of F release yet achieve a preferable bioactive resin durability in the oral cavity.
Non-coronavirus Genome Sequences Identified from Metagenomic Analysis of Clinical Samples from COVID-19 Infected Patients: An Evidence for Co-infection
Authors: Abouelkhair Mohamed
Published: June 2020

In December 2019, pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Early in 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a new name for the 2019-nCoV-caused epidemic disease: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared COVID-19 to be the sixth international public health emergency. Cellular co-infection is a critical determinant of both viral fitness and infection outcome and plays a crucial role in shaping the host immune response to infections. In this study, sixty-eight public next-generation sequencing libraries from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were retrieved from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive database using SRA-Toolkit. Using an alignment-free method based on K-mer mapping and extension, SARS-CoV-2 was identified in all except three patients. Influenza A H7N9 (3/68), Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (1/68), rhabdovirus isolate (3/68), Human metapneumovirus (1/68), coronaviruses NL63 (1/68), Parvovirus (1/68), Simian virus 40 (1/68), and hepatitis virus (1/68) genome sequences were detected in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
Canonical Description of Group Theory: A Linear Order on All Finite Groups
Authors: Ramirez Juan Pablo
Published: June 2020

We provide a construction of natural numbers that is unique with respect to other constructions, and use this construction in the domain of algebra and finite functions to find several results in finite group theory. First, we give a linear order to the set of all finite functions. This gives a linear order in the subset of all finite permutations. To do this, we assign a unique natural number, $N_f$, to every finite function $f$. The sub order on permutations is well defined with respect to cardinality; if $\eta_m,\eta_n$ are permutations on $m<n$ objects, then $N_{\eta_m}<N_{\eta_n}$. This representation also has the characteristic $N_{\textbf{1}_n}<N_{\eta}<N_{\textbf{id}_n}$ where $\textbf{1}_n$ is the one-cycle permutation of $n$ objects, $\textbf{id}_n$ is the identity permutation of $n$ objects, and $\eta$ is any permutation of $n$ objects. This representation provides a good definition of equivalent functions, and equivalent objects on functions. We are able to do this for both concrete functions, and abstract functions. We use this in the main section, on group theory, to number the set of all finite groups. We are able to well represent every finite group as a natural number; two groups are represented by the same natural number if and only if they are in the same isomorphism class. In fact, we are able to give a linear order to the set of finite groups. Specifically, we give a canonical bijective function $\textbf{G}_{Fin}\rightarrow\mathbb N$. This representation, $N_G$, of $G$, is also well behaved with respect to cardinality. Additionally, the cyclic group $\mathbb Z_n$ has smaller representation than any group of $n$ objects, and the group with largest representation is the abelian group $\mathbb Z_{p_1}^{n_1}\oplus\mathbb Z_{p_2}^{n_2}\oplus\cdots\oplus\mathbb Z_{p_k}^{n_k}$, where $n=p_1^{n_1}p_2^{n_2}\cdots p_{k}^{n_k}$ is the prime factorization of $n$. This representation of a finite group as a natural number also provides a linear order to the elements of the group, arranging its Cayley table in a canonical block form. The last section is an introductory description of real numbers as infinite sets of natural numbers. Real functions are represented as sets of real numbers, and sequences of real functions $f_1,f_2,\ldots$ are well represented by sets of real numbers, as well. In the last section we well assign mathematical objects to tree structures and conclude with some brief comments on type theory and future work. In general we are able to represent and manipulate mathematical objects with the smallest possible type, and minimum complexity.
The Biogenetic Law and the Gastraea Theory: From Ernst Haeckel´s Discoveries to Contemporary Views
Authors: Levit Georgy S. , Hoßfeld Uwe , Naumann Benjamin , Lukas Paul , Olsson Lennart
Published: June 2020

More than 150 years ago, in 1866, Ernst Haeckel published a book in two volumes called "Generelle Morphologie der Organismen" (General Morphology of Organisms) in the first volume of which he formulated his Biogenetic law, famously stating that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny (Rieppel 2019). Here we describe Haeckel´s original idea as first formulated in the “Generelle Morphologie der Organismen” and later further developed in other publications until the present situation in which molecular data are used to test the "hour-glass model", which can be seen as a modern version of the biogenetic law. We also tell the story about his discovery, while travelling in Norway, of an unknown organism, Magosphaera planula, that was important in that it helped to precipitate his ideas into what was to become the Gastraea theory. We also follow the further development and reformulations of the Gastraea theory by other scientists, notably the Russian school (Levit, 2007). Ilya Metchnikov developed the Phagocytella hypothesis for the origin of metazoans based on studies of a colonial flagellate. Alexey Zakhvatin focused on deducing the ancestral life cycle and the cell types of the last common ancestor of all metazoans, and Mikhailov recently pursued this line of research further.
A hybrid tree sensor network for Condition Monitoring system to optimize maintenance policy
Authors: Ciani Lorenzo , Bartolini Alessandro , Guidi Giulia , Patrizi Gabriele
Published: June 2020

Wind energy is the leading candidate between the renewable energy sources as alternative to burning fossil fuels. A proper and accurate condition monitoring plan is mandatory to ensure high reliability and availability required by energy production systems. This paper proposes a Wireless Mesh Network to implement a widely distributed condition monitoring system for a wind farm. Using different types of sensor, the condition monitoring system evaluates the health state of each turbine. The aim of the work is to propose an architecture able to identify possible incipient failures in the most critical turbine’s components. Using this system, it is possible to guarantee continuity of service minimizing the unplanned maintenance operation due to hidden failure.
Maintainability improvement using allocation methods for railway system
Authors: Catelani Marcantonio , Ciani Lorenzo , Guidi Giulia , Patrizi Gabriele
Published: June 2020

An optimal maintenance policy is an essential condition of many industrial products in order to save resources and to minimize operational costs and system downtime. Some maintenance actions (e.g.CM, PM and CBM) are illustrated in the first part of the paper. The paper focuses on maintainability allocation techniques: four procedures are analyzed (Failure Rate-based allocation method; Trade-off of failure rate and design feature-based allocation method; Fuzzy maintainability allocation based on interval analysis; Time characteristic-based MA model). The traditional procedures are characterized by several drawbacks; therefore the attention is focalized on the time characteristic-based method, which turned out to be the best and the most complete procedure because it exceeds the others methods limitations. The last part of the paper proposes a case study analyzed using the techniques implemented in the MA optimal method. Two different cases are studied: they differ for the objective Mean Time To Repair, initially the requirement could vary inside a range, then it is fixed to the value 6 hours.
A History of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs in the United States: Political Appeal and Public Health Efficacy
Authors: Holmgren A. Jay , Botelho Alyssa , Brandt Allan M.
Published: June 2020

Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) have become a widely embraced policy to address the US opioid crisis. Despite mixed scientific evidence on their effectiveness at improving health and reducing overdose deaths, 49 states and Washington, DC have adopted PDMPs, and they have received strong bipartisan legislative support. This article explores the history of PDMPs, tracking their evolution from paper-based administrative databases in the early 1900s to modern-day electronic systems that intervene at the point of care. We focus on two questions: how did PDMPs become so widely adopted in the United States, and how did they gain popularity as an intervention in the contemporary opioid crisis? Through this historical approach, we evaluate what PDMPs reflect about national drug policy and broader cultural understandings of substance use disorder in the United States today. (Am J Public Health. 2020;110:1191–1197. 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305696)
Analysis of Tools Used in Assessing Technical Skills and Operative Competence in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgical Training
Authors: James Hannah K. , Chapman Anna W. , Pattison Giles T.R. , Fisher Joanne D. , Griffin Damian R.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Robust assessment of skills acquisition and surgical performance during training is vital to ensuring operative competence among orthopaedic surgeons. A move to competency-based surgical training requires the use of tools that can assess surgical skills objectively and systematically. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the evidence for the utility of assessment tools used in evaluating operative performance in trauma and orthopaedic surgical training.

Methods:

We performed a comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar databases to June 2019. From eligible studies we abstracted data on study aim, assessment format (live theater or simulated setting), skills assessed, and tools or metrics used to assess surgical performance. The strengths, limitations, and psychometric properties of the assessment tools are reported on the basis of previously defined utility criteria.

Results:

One hundred and five studies published between 1990 and 2019 were included. Forty-two studies involved open orthopaedic surgical procedures, and 63 involved arthroscopy. The majority (85%) were used in the simulated environment. There was wide variation in the type of assessment tools in used, the strengths and weaknesses of which are assessor and setting-dependent.

Conclusions:

Current technical skills-assessment tools in trauma and orthopaedic surgery are largely procedure-specific and limited to research use in the simulated environment. An objective technical skills-assessment tool that is suitable for use in the live operative theater requires development and validation, to ensure proper competency-based assessment of surgical performance and readiness for unsupervised clinical practice.

Clinical Relevance:

Trainers and trainees can gain further insight into the technical skills assessment tools that they use in practice through the utility evidence provided.
Diagnosis and Management of Osteomyelitis in Children
Authors: Gornitzky Alex L. , Kim Arin E. , O’Donnell Jennifer M. , Swarup Ishaan
Published: June 2020

» The most common causative organism of pediatric osteomyelitis is Staphylococcus aureus, although, more recently, organisms such as Kingella kingae and methicillin-resistant S. aureus have been increasing in prevalence.

» Magnetic resonance imaging is the best diagnostic imaging modality for pediatric osteomyelitis given its high sensitivity and specificity.

» Most cases of early osteomyelitis without a drainable abscess can be adequately treated with a short course of intravenous antibiotics followed by at least 3 weeks of oral antibiotics.

» Surgical management of pediatric osteomyelitis is usually indicated in the presence of an abscess and/or failed treatment with antibiotic therapy.

» Clinical examination, fever, and C-reactive protein testing should be used to guide the conversion to oral antibiotics, the total antibiotic regimen duration, and the need for an additional debridement surgical procedure.
Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Neem, Mahogany and Surian Seeds on Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus Larva (Tenebrionidae : Coleoptera)
Authors: Darwiati Wida , Darmawan Ujang Wawan , Syukur Cheppy
Published: June 2020

Neem, mahogany, and surian seeds contain secondary metabolites that can be used as biopesticides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of neem, mahogany, and surian seed extracts to the larvae of the Tenebrio molitor L. (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera) at laboratory scale. The stages of the research were the preparation of seed extracts, phytochemical analysis of the extracts, and efficacy of extracts against T. molitor larvae. Dried seeds of neem, surian, and mahogany (water content < 10%) were ground (100 mesh) and macerated with 95% ethanol solvent for seven hours at 70 oC. The alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids/the triterpenoid were then analyzed. The effectiveness of the extracts was  testedagainst the 3rd larva of T. molinor. The experiment designed in Randomize block design, three replications, each with ten larvae. The first factor was seed extracts (neem, surian, and mahogany), while the second factor was five levels of extract concentration (0 mg;l-1, 9 mg.l-1, 15 mg.l-1, 30 mg.l-1 and 45 mg.l-1). Phytochemical analysis showed that mahogany seeds contained alkaloids and triterpenoids. Meanwhile, surian seeds contained tannin, alkaloid, steroid/triterpenoid, but neem seeds contained saponin and alkaloids. The mahogany, surian, and neem seed  extracts were effective in causing significant mortality to T. molitor larvae. Ethanol extract of neem seeds was more toxic to larvae (LC50 = 0.72 mg.l-1), compared to mahogany (LC50 = 5.2 mg.l-1) and surian (LC50 = 7.02 mg.l-1). Mimba seed extract is more prospective to be developed as a botanical insecticide.
Respon Varietas Padi Berpotensi Hasil Tinggi terhadap Pemupukan Nitrogen pada Inceptisols Bertekstur Ringan dan Berat
Authors: Setyorini Diah , Widowati Ladiyani Retno , Kasno Antonius
Published: June 2020

AbstraK. Nitrogen adalah salah satu unsur hara makro esensial yang dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan hasil tanaman padi sawah. Tanpa pemupukan N hasil padi sangat rendah dan relatif sama dengan hasil padi yang tidak dipupuk sama sekali. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis rekomendasi pupuk N untuk padi berpotensi hasil tinggi varietas Inpari 4, Mekongga dan hibrida H6444. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di Inceptisols Plemahan yang bertekstur berat dan Inceptisols Gurah yang bertekstur ringan, di Kabupaten Kediri, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah dengan tiga varietas padi sebagai petak utama dan dosis pupuk N sebagai anak petak, pada Musim Kemarau (MK) 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan dan hasil gabah padi hibrida H6444 lebih tinggi sekitar 14-21% dibandingkan Inpari 4 dan Mekongga. Semakin tinggi dosis N, pertumbuhan dan hasil gabah semakin meningkat. Interaksi antara perlakuan varietas dan dosis N hanya terjadi pada parameter hasil gabah. Dosis maksimum pupuk Urea untuk padi sawah pada tanah bertekstur ringan di desa Gurah berturut-turut adalah 680 dan 715 kg ha-1 untuk Inpari 4 dan Mekongga serta 450 kg ha-1 untuk H6444. Pada tanah bertekstur berat di Plemahan adalah 580 dan 560 kg ha-1 berturut-turut untuk Inpari 4 dan Mekongga dan 350 kg ha-1 untuk H6444.

 

Abstract. Nitrogen is one of macro essential nutrients needed to increase rice yield. In the absence of N fertilization, the rice yield is very low and similar to the rice yield with no fertilization. The objective of the study was to determine recommended dose of N fertilizer for high yielding rice varieties of Inpari 4, Mekongga and H6444 hybrid varieties. Research has been carried out in Inceptisols Plemahan Village with heavy soil texture and Inceptisols in Gurah Village, in Kediri District, East Java Province with light soil texture. The study used a split plot design consisted of three rice varieties as the main plot and six levels of N dose as subplots, in the dry season of 2012. The results showed that the growth and yield of H6444 hybrid variety were 14-21% higher than Inpari 4 and Mekongga. The higher the N dose, the higher were the rice growth and yield. The interaction between varieties and N level was observed in grain yields. The maximum doses of Urea fertilizer for lowland rice in light textured soils in Gurah were 680 and 715 kg ha-1 for Inpari 4 and Mekongga, respectively, and 450 kg ha-1 for H6444. For  heavy textured soils in Plemahan is 580 and 560 kg ha-1 for Inpari 4 and Mekongga, respectively, and 350 kg ha-1 for H6444.
Maternal effects shape the alternative splicing of parental alleles in reciprocal cross hybrids of Megalobrama amblycephala x Culter alburnus
Authors: Ren Li , Yan Xiaojing , Gao Xin , Cui Jialin , Yan Pengcheng , Wu Chang , Li Wuhui , liu shaojun
Published: June 2020

Background Maternal effects contribute to adaptive significance for shaping various phenotypes of many traits. Potential implications of maternal effects are the cause of expression diversity, but these effects on mRNA expression and alternative splicing (AS) have not been fully elucidated in hybrid animals. Results Two reciprocal cross hybrids following hybridization of Megalobrama amblycephala (blunt snout bream, BSB) and Culter alburnus (topmouth culter, TC) were used as a model to investigate maternal effects. In a comparison of BSB- and TC- homoeolog expression from the two reciprocal cross hybrids, we identified 49–348 differentially expressed BSB-homoeologous genes and 54–354 differentially expressed TC-homoeologous genes. 2402, 2959, and 3418 AS events between the two reciprocal cross hybrids were detected in Illumina data of muscle, liver, and gonads, respectively. Moreover, 21,577 (TC-homoeologs) and 30,007 (BSB-homoeologs) AS events were found in the 20,131 homoeologous gene pairs of TBF3 based on PacBio data, while 30,561 (TC-homoeologs) and 30,305 (BSB-homoeologs) AS events were found in BTF3. These results further improve AS prediction at the homoeolog level. The various AS patterns in bmpr2a belonged to the bone morphogenetic protein family were selected as an AS model to investigate expression diversity and their potential effects to body shape traits.Conclusions The distribution of differentially expressed genes and AS in BSB- and TC-subgenomes exhibited various changes between the two reciprocal cross hybrids, suggesting that maternal effects were the cause of expression diversity. These findings provide a novel insight into mRNA expression changes and AS under maternal effects in lower vertebrates.
Applicability of the Five Case Model to African eHealth investment decisions
Authors: Broomhead Sean C , Mars Maurice , Scott Richard E. , Jones Tom
Published: June 2020

Background: eHealth programmes in African countries face fierce competition for scarce resources. Such initiatives should not proceed without adequate appraisal of their probable impacts, thereby acknowledging their opportunity costs and the need for appraisals to promote optimal use of available resources. However, since there is no broadly accepted eHealth impact appraisal framework available to provide guidance, and local expertise is limited, African health ministries have difficulty completing such appraisals. The Five Case Model, used in several countries outside Africa, has the potential to function as a decision-making tool in African eHealth environments and serve as a key component of an eHealth impact model for Africa. Methods: This study identifies internationally recognised metrics and readily accessible data sources to assess the applicability of the model’s five cases to African countries. Results: Ten metrics are identified that align with the Five Case Model’s five cases, including nine component metrics and one summary metric that aggregates the nine. The metrics cover the eHealth environment, human capital and governance, technology development, and finance and economics. Fifty-four African countries are scored for each metric. Visualisation of the metric scores using spider charts reveals profiles of the countries’ relative performance and provides an eHealth Investment Readiness Assessment Tool. Conclusion: The utility of these comparisons to strengthen eHealth investment planning suggests that the five cases are applicable to African countries’ eHealth investment decisions. The potential for the Five Case Model to have a role in an eHealth impact appraisal framework for Africa should be validated through field testing.
Factors facilitating trained NIMART nurses’ adherence to treatment guidelines: A vital matter in the management of TB/HIV treatment in South Africa
Authors: MAKHADO LUFUNO , Davhana-Maselesele Mashudu , Lebese Rachel Tsakani , Maputle Sonto Maria
Published: June 2020

Background: Globally the burden of tuberculosis or human immunodeficiency virus (TB/HIV) is at 24% with 3% global health workforce and this an alarming rate that World Health Organization (WHO) declared African region as a critical workforce shortage area. To facilitate adherence to treatment guidelines, WHO recommended a strategy of task shifting for these countries with high health workforce shortages. The strategy aimed at the redistribution of health care tasks to available workers. The purpose of the study was to determine factors facilitating trained nurse-initiated management of antiretroviral therapy (NIMART) nurses’ adherence to TB/HIV treatment guidelines in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and North West (NW) Provinces of South Africa.Design: The study was qualitative, explorative and descriptive in nature. The population comprised of 24 participants who were purposively selected. The in-depth focus group discussion was conducted. Data analysis was through the used of ATLAS T.I. software program (version 7.0) and followed the basic steps of notice-collect-think (NCT) analysis. Trustworthiness and ethical consideration were ensured.Results: The following one theme namely; marked identified needs to be met to promote adherence to treatment guidelines and sub-themes emerged from raw data: Expected positive attitudinal needs outlined and an outline of a positive behavioural change. Conclusion: Factors such as continuous training, support supervision and improved relationships with colleagues need to be enhanced to enable NIMART nurses to adhere to treatment guideline.
Considerations for the design of nutrition-sensitive production programmes in rural South Africa
Authors: Hendriks Sheryl L , Viljoen Annemarie , Marais Diana , Wenhold Friede AM , McIntyre Angela M , Ngidi Mjabuliseni S , Annandale John G , Kalaba MMatlou , Stewart Duncan
Published: June 2020

Amidst conflicting narratives in development circles regarding the drive for nutrition-sensitive agriculture and the displacement of household production by supermarket penetration into deep rural areas, little is documented about the design of nutrition-sensitive agricultural programmes in the context of changing food systems. This is the first comparative assessment of the production and consumption patterns of South Africa’s poorest rural households. The study set out to identify programme elements necessary to improve nutrition outcomes. The poorest communities in four provinces were identified and surveyed using an extensive production and consumption survey. A mixed-methods convergent design approach included focus group discussions, key informant interviews and a two-round panel survey. A total of 278 households were interviewed in summer and 280 in winter at the four sites. Even though most foods were purchased, crop production (beyond maize production) improved dietary diversity but selling produce and the use of irrigation had led to a stronger improvement. Seasonality affected availability of fresh fruit and vegetables for home consumption in winter, compromising nutrition. This shows a more positive influence of cropping on the consumption of fruit and vegetables in winter than in summer. This result was not expected, as the number of crops that can produce edible portions in winter is rather limited. Some crops such as beans are produced in summer and preserved (dried) for consumption in winter. The cultural preference is for dried beans rather than fresh green beans. Crops such as pumpkin and butternut are also stored for consumption later. Another explanation may be that savings from consumption in summer were used to purchasing these foods in winter, post-harvest. This was certainly true for households engaged in farmland cultivation (larger scale production) where consumption patterns improved in winter, post-harvesting of the main crops. However, farmland cultivation was only carried out under irrigated conditions. The study contributes knowledge about the impact of food-based approaches on the diets of populations at risk of hunger and food insecurity. Research and extension should focus on improving year-round availability and affordability of nutrient-dense foods that can grow in specific rural communities.
Measuring parent proxy-reported quality of life of 11 rare diseases in children in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Gao Qisheng , Wang Shanshan , Ren Jianping , Wen Xin
Published: June 2020

Background: It becomes increasingly important to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of rare diseases in children and adolescents in recent decades. Much attention has been paid to investigate the HROoL of one specific rare disease by self-report in previous studies. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the HROoL of 11 rare diseases in Chinese children by parent proxy-report, to explore the factors associated with HROoL of patients and to know the problems of most concern.Methods: A total of 651 children aged from 2 to 18 were enrolled from the Children’s Hospital Affiliated Zhejiang University in 2018. Their parents completed the parent proxy-reports version of the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM 4.0 (PedsQLTM). Independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare HROoL scores between groups. Multilevel linear regression models with random intercept were applied to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic variables and both the total score and sub-domain scores.Results: The total PedsQL scores of Patent ductus arteriosus, Infantile agranulocytosis, Autoimmune thrombocytopenia, Polysyndactyly, Hirschsprung disease, Cleft lip and palate, Tetralogy of fallot, Myasthenia gravis, Guillain-barre syndrome, Glycogen storage disease, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis children were 79.65±5.46, 95.88±3.48, 71.39±3.27, 91.77±6.35, 76.18±6.92, 96.33±4.22, 77.85±8.90, 95.99±3.31, 85.77±4.56, 82.97±4.13 and 77.6±5.15, respectively. Age was significantly associated with physical functioning, school functioning, and psychosocial health score. Gender and The household registration place was significantly associated with the overall score. The most urgent desire of patients was reducing the overall medical costs.Conclusions: These data show that Patent ductus arteriosus scores lowest in physical functioning, Autoimmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) ranks the lowest in the emotional functioning score, social functioning score, school functioning score, psychosocial health score, and total score. Incentive policies should be further taken to improve orphan drug availability and reduce the financial burden of rare diseases.
circRAE1 promotes colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion by modulating miR-338-3p/TYRO3 axis
Authors: Du Jiabin , Xu Jianhua , Chen Junxing , Liu Weinan , Wang Pengcheng , Ye kai
Published: June 2020

Background: Growing evidence has revealed the involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in numerous carcinogenesis. However, the role of circRNAs in the cancer biology of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains vague. Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of circRAE1 in CRC tissues and CRC cell lines. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected using CCK8 assay, Colony formation assay, wound-healing and Transwell assays. The interaction between circRAE1 and miR-338-3p and TRYO3 was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assays.Results: We uncovered a novel circRNA Hsa_circ_0060967 (also known as circRAE1) that was remarkably increased in CRC tissues. The high circRAE1 level was positively associated with advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and tumor size. The loss-of-function assay showed that circRAE1 accelerated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Besides, miR-338-3p was lowly expressed in the CRC tissues and CRC cell lines. The dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that circRAE1 could sponge miR-338-3p, which targeted TRYO3 in CRC cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of circRAE1 could rescue the impaired migration and invasion triggered by miR-338-3p mimics or si-TYRO3 in CRC cells and vice versa. Conclusion: We identified the network of circRAE1, miR-338-3p, and TYRO3 in CRC cells and determined that the increase in circRAE1 could serve as an oncogene by sponging miR-338-3p, which resulted in an upregulated TYRO3 expression. The finding suggests that circRAE1 is a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic marker for CRC treatment.
A biomechanics study on ligamentous injury in anterior posterior compression type II pelvic injury
Authors: kong jianzhong , Chu Yupeng , Zhou Chengwei , Sun shuaibo , Bao guodong , Xu yu , Guo xiaoshan , Shui xiaolong
Published: June 2020

Background: Anterior posterior compression (APC) type II pelvis fracture is caused by the destruction of pelvic ligaments. This study aims to explore ligaments injury in APC type II pelvic injury.Method: Fourteen human cadaveric pelvis samples with sacrospinous ligament (SPL), sacrotuberous ligament (SBL), anterior sacroiliac ligament (ASL), and partial bone retaining unilaterally were acquired for this study. They were randomly divided into hemipelvis restricted and unrestricted groups. We recorded the separation distance of the pubic symphysis and anterior sacroiliac joint, external rotation angle, and force when ASL ruptured. We observed the external rotation damage to the pelvic bone and ligaments.Result: When ASL failed, there was no significant difference in pubic symphysis separation (28.6 ± 8.4 mm to 23.6 ± 8.2 mm, P = 0.11) and anterior sacroiliac joint separation (11.4 ± 3.8 mm to 9.7 ± 3.9 mm, P = 0.30) between restricted and unrestricted groups. The external rotation angle (33.9 ± 5.5° to 48.9 ± 5.2°, P < 0.01) and force (553.9 ± 82.6 N to 756.6 ± 41.4 N, P < 0.01) were significantly different. Pubic symphysis separation between two groups ranged from 14 mm to 40 mm. In the restricted group, both SBL and SPL were injured. SPL ruptured first, and then SBL and the interosseous sacroiliac ligament were damaged while the posterior ligament remained unharmed. In the unrestricted group, interosseous sacroiliac ligament and posterior sacroiliac ligaments were damaged, while SBL and SPL were not. When the ASL, SBL, and SPL all failed, pubic symphysis and anterior sacroiliac joint separation between two groups increased significantly (from 28.6 ± 8.4 to 42.0 ± 7.6 mm, 11.4 ± 3.8 to 16.7 ± 4.2 mm respectively, all P < 0.05).Conclusion: Pelvic external rotation injury is either hemipelvic restricted or unrestricted, which can result in different outcomes. When the ASL ruptures, the unrestricted group needs greater external rotation angle and force, without SBL or SPL injury, while both SBL and SPL were injured in another group. When ASL fails in two groups, pubic symphysis separation fluctuates considerably. Finally, when the ASL ruptures, SBL and SPL may be undamaged.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of proton beam therapy for treatment decision making in paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancers in China
Authors: Li Guo , Qiu Bo , Huang Yi-Xiang , Doyen Jerome , Bondiau Pierre-Yves , Benezery Karen , Xia Yun-Fei , Qian Chao-Nan
Published: June 2020

Background: Cost-effectiveness is a pivotal consideration for clinical decision making of high-tech cancer treatment in developing countries. Intensity-modulated proton radiation therapy (IMPT, the advanced form of proton beam therapy) has been found to improve the prognosis of the patients with paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancers compared with intensity-modulated photon-radiation therapy (IMRT). However, the cost-effectiveness of IMPT has not yet been fully evaluated. This study aimed at evaluating the cost-effectiveness of IMPT versus IMRT for treatment decision making of paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancers in Chinese settings.Methods: A 3-state Markov model was designed for cost-effectiveness analysis. A base case evaluation was performed on a patient of 47-year-old (median age of patients with paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancers in China). Model robustness was examined by probabilistic sensitivity analysis, Markov cohort analysis and Tornado diagram. Cost-effective scenarios of IMPT were further identified by one-way sensitivity analyses and stratified analyses were performed for different age levels. The outcome measure of the model was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). A strategy was defined as cost-effective if the ICER was below the societal willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of China (30,828 US dollars ($) / quality-adjusted life year (QALY)).Results: IMPT was identified as being cost-effective for the base case at the WTP of China, providing an extra 1.65 QALYs at an additional cost of $38,928.7 compared with IMRT, and had an ICER of $23,611.2 / QALY. Of note, cost-effective scenarios of IMPT only existed in the following independent conditions: probability of IMPT eradicating cancer ≥ 0.867; probability of IMRT eradicating cancer ≤ 0.764; or cost of IMPT ≤ $52,163.9. Stratified analyses for different age levels demonstrated that IMPT was more cost-effective in younger patients than older patients, and was cost-effective only in patients ≤ 56-year-old.Conclusions: Despite initially regarded as bearing high treatment cost, IMPT could still be cost-effective for patients with paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancers in China. The tumor control superiority of IMPT over IMRT and the patient’s age should be the principal considerations for clinical decision of prescribing this new irradiation technique.