bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Methodological Framework for Structural Reliability Assessment of Marine Structural Elements
Authors: Mantzakopoulou Vaso , Anyfantis Konstantinos
Published: November 2023

The aim of this paper is to provide a robust framework to assist researchers in deciding which methods to use, depending on the problem at hand, in order to estimate the probability of failure of marine structural parts that are subjected to variable loads (both hull-girder and local pressure loads) that exhibit uncertainties in their material properties and that involve fabrication-related uncertainties. The limitations of analytical approaches both in deterministic mathematical modeling (strength formulas) and probabilistic estimation will be provided, and respective computational tools will be demonstrated (FEA and Monte Carlo simulation). The approach is showcased in flat and bow-defected rectangular plates through analytical and numerical approaches.
Seasonal Dynamics of Microphytobenthos Distribution in Three Ecotopes on a Mussel Farm (Black Sea)
Authors: Ryabushko Larisa , Balycheva Daria , Kapranov Sergey , Shiroyan Armine , Blaginina Anastasiia , Barinova Sophia
Published: November 2023

As the production of cultured bivalve mollusks is increasing worldwide, there is a growing need to study the biodiversity and ecology of microalgae in the mariculture zones. This study presents multiannual data (obtained in 2015–2016 and 2018–2020) on the species composition, abundance, biomass, and community structure of microphytobenthos from three mussel farm ecotopes (mussel shells, the epiphyton of twenty macroalgal species, and sediments under collectors). In total, 150 microalgal taxa were found, including 135 diatom species with a predominance of benthic (76%), marine (65%), and cosmopolite (30%) ones. In all habitats, 10 potentially harmful species and 44 indicators of organic pollution were noted. The maximum values on the mussel shells (abundance N = 119 × 103 cells/cm2 and biomass B = 0.0489 mg/cm2) were recorded in winter with the dominance of Tabularia fasciculata; in summer, the epiphyton was on the brown alga Nereia filiformis (N = 1001 × 103 cells/cm2 and B = 2.06 mg/cm2) with the dominance of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia seriata, on the red alga Phyllophora crispa (N = 1118 × 103 cells/cm2 and B = 3.24 mg/cm2) with the dominance of T. fasciculata, and in sediments (N = 104 × 103 cells/cm3 and B = 0.046 mg/cm3) with the dominance of T. fasciculata and Bacillaria paxillifer. Statistically significant effects of the ecotope and sampling season on the diatom composition were noted. The strongest effect of temperature is observed for the mussel shell diatoms, for which the trend of abundance and biomass increase in winter and their decrease in summer is most noticeable. But in sediments, the effect of the season is reflected only in the permanent changes of the microalgae species composition. For the epiphyton, it was shown that it is temperature, rather than substrate macrophyte species, that affects its numerical structure.
Study on Frost Resistance and Interface Bonding Performance through the Integration of Recycled Brick Powder in Ultra-High-Performance Concrete for Structural Reinforcement
Authors: Zhang Yike , Raza Ali , Umar Muhammad , Chen Yang , Yuan Chengfang
Published: November 2023

This study aims to address the issues posed by frost damage to concrete structures in cold regions, focusing on reinforcement and repair methods to increase the service life of existing structures instead of costly reconstruction solutions. Due to the limitations of conventional concrete in terms of durability and strength, this research focused on ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) by replacing part of the cement with recycled brick powder (RBP) to strengthen ordinary C50 concrete, obtaining UHPC-NC specimens. Mechanical tests investigated the bonding performance of UHPC-NC specimens under various conditions, including interface agents, surface roughness treatments, and freeze–thaw after 0, 50, 100, and 150 cycles with a 30% replacement rate of RBP. Additionally, a multi-factor calculation formula for interface bonding strength was established according to the test data, and the bonding mechanism and model were analyzed through an SEM test. The results indicate that the interface bonding of UHPC-NC specimens decreased during salt freezing compared to hydro-freezing, causing more severe damage. However, the relative index of splitting tensile strength for cement paste specimens showed increases of 14.01% and 14.97%, respectively, compared to specimens without an interface agent. Using an interface agent improved bonding strength and cohesiveness. The UHPC-NC bonding model without an interfacial agent can be characterized using a three-zone model. After applying an interfacial agent, the model can be characterized by a three-zone, three-layer bonding model. Overall, the RBP-UHPC-reinforced C50 for damaged concrete showed excellent interfacial bonding and frost resistance performance.
Sintered Brake Pads Failure in High-Energy Dissipation Braking Tests: A Post-Mortem Mechanical and Microstructural Analysis
Authors: Mege-Revil Alexandre , Rapontchombo-Omanda Jessie , Serrano-Munoz Itziar , Cristol Anne-Lise , Magnier Vincent , Dufrenoy Philippe
Published: November 2023

The industrial sintering process used to produce metallic matrix pads has been altered to diminish the amount of copper used. Unfortunately, replacing a large part of the copper with iron seems to have reached a limit. In the high-energy, emergency-type rail braking used in this study, the materials are put to the very limit of their usage capacity, allowing us to observe the evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered, metallic matrix pads. After the braking test, their compressive behaviour was assessed using digital image correlation (DIC), and their microstructure with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The worn material has three flat layers with different microstructures and compressive behaviours. The bottom layer seems unmodified. Macroscopic and microscopic cracks run through the intermediate layer (2–15 mm depth). The top layer has stiffened thanks to resolidification of copper. The temperature reaches 1000 °C during the braking test, which also explains the carbon diffusion into iron that result in the weakening of iron –graphite interfaces in the pad. Finally, submicronic particles are detected at many open interfaces of the worn and compressed pad. Associated with the predominant role of graphite particles, this explains the weak compressive behaviour of the pads.
Type-I CdSe@CdS@ZnS Heterostructured Nanocrystals with Long Fluorescence Lifetime
Authors: Wang Yuzhe , Zhong Yueqi , Zi Jiangzhi , Lian Zichao
Published: November 2023

Conventional single-component quantum dots (QDs) suffer from low recombination rates of photogenerated electrons and holes, which hinders their ability to meet the requirements for LED and laser applications. Therefore, it is urgent to design multicomponent heterojunction nanocrystals with these properties. Herein, we used CdSe quantum dot nanocrystals as a typical model, which were synthesized by means of a colloidal chemistry method at high temperatures. Then, CdS with a wide band gap was used to encapsulate the CdSe QDs, forming a CdSe@CdS core@shell heterojunction. Finally, the CdSe@CdS core@shell was modified through the growth of the ZnS shell to obtain CdSe@CdS@ZnS heterojunction nanocrystal hybrids. The morphologies, phases, structures and performance characteristics of CdSe@CdS@ZnS were evaluated using various analytical techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and time-resolved transient photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results show that the energy band structure is transformed from type II to type I after the ZnS growth. The photoluminescence lifetime increases from 41.4 ns to 88.8 ns and the photoluminescence quantum efficiency reaches 17.05% compared with that of pristine CdSe QDs. This paper provides a fundamental study and a new route for studying light-emitting devices and biological imaging based on multicomponent QDs.
Bitcoin in Conventional Markets: A Study on Blockchain-Induced Reliability, Investment Slopes, Financial and Accounting Aspects
Authors: Aivaz Kamer-Ainur , Munteanu Ionela Florea , Jakubowicz Flavius Valentin
Published: November 2023

Based on traditional market theory, this study aims to investigate whether conventional market investment slopes affect the unconventional Bitcoin market, considering both normal conditions and crises. This study examines three main characteristics of the economy-intensive blockchain system, namely reliability, investment slopes, financial and accounting aspects that ultimately determine the confidence in the choice to invest in cryptocurrency. The analysis focuses on the study of the Bitcoin (BTC) investment slopes during January 2014–April 2023, considering the specifics of blockchain technology and the inferences of ethics, reliability and real-world data on investment Tassets in the context of conventional regulated markets. Using an econometric model that incorporates reliability analysis techniques, factorial comparisons and multinomial regression using economic crisis periods as a dummy variable, this study reveals important findings for practical and academic purposes. The results of this study show that the investment slopes of Bitcoin (BTC) are mostly predictable for downward trends, when statistically significant correlations with the investment slopes of conventional stock markets are observable. The moderate or high increase in performance slopes pose several challenges for predictive analysis, as they are influenced by other factors than conventional regulated market performance inferences. The results of this study are of intense interest to researchers and investors alike, as they demonstrate that investment slopes analysis sheds light on the intricacies of investment decisions, allowing a comprehensive assessment of both conventional markets and Bitcoin transactions.
Trajectory Smoothing Planning of Delta Parallel Robot Combining Cartesian and Joint Space
Authors: Zhu Dachang , He Yonglong , Yu Xuezhe , Li Fangyi
Published: November 2023

Delta parallel robots have been widely used in precision processing, handling, sorting, and the assembly of parts, and their high efficiency and motion stability are important indexes of their performance.Corners created by small line segments in trajectory planning cause abrupt changes in a tangential discontinuous trajectory, and the vibration and shock caused by such changes seriously affect the robot’s high-speed and high-precision performance. In this study, a trajectory-planning method combining Cartesian space and joint space is proposed. Firstly, the vector method and microelement integration method were used to establish the complete kinematic and dynamic equations of a delta parallel robot, and an inverse kinematic/dynamic model-solving program was written based on the MATLAB software R2020a. Secondly, the end-effector trajectory of the delta parallel robot was planned in Cartesian space, and the data points and inverse control points of the end effector’s trajectory were obtained using the normalization method. Finally, the data points and control points were mapped to the joint space through the inverse kinematic equation, and the fifth-order B-spline curve was adopted for quadratic trajectory planning, which allowed the high-order continuous smoothing of the trajectory planning to be realized. The simulated and experimental results showed that the trajectory-smoothing performance in continuous high-order curvature changes could be improved with the proposed method. The peak trajectory tracking error was reduced by 10.53%, 41.18%, and 44.44%, respectively, and the peak torque change of the three joints was reduced by 3.5%, 11.6%, and 1.6%, respectively.
Model-Based Assessment of Elastic Material Parameters in Rheumatic Heart Disease Patients and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Familusi Mary A. , Skatulla Sebastian , Hussan Jagir R. , Aremu Olukayode O. , Mutithu Daniel , Lumngwena Evelyn N. , Gumedze Freedom N. , Ntusi Ntobeko A. B.
Published: November 2023

Non-invasive measurements are important for the development of new treatments for heart failure, which is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This study aimed to develop realistic subject-specific computational models of human biventricles using clinical data. Three-dimensional finite element models of the human ventricles were created using cardiovascular magnetic resonance images of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients and healthy subjects. The material parameter optimization uses inverse modeling based on the finite element method combined with the Levenberg–Marquardt method (LVM) by targeting subject-specific hemodynamics. The study of elastic myocardial parameters between healthy subjects and RHD patients showed an elevated stiffness in diseased hearts. In particular, the anisotropic material behavior of the healthy and diseased cardiac tissue significantly differed from one another. Furthermore, as the LVEF decreased, the stiffness and its orientation-dependent parameters increased. The simulation-derived LV myocardial circumferential and longitudinal stresses were negatively associated with the LVEF. The sensitivity analysis result demonstrated that the observed significant difference between the elastic material parameters of diseased and healthy myocardium was not exclusively attributable to an increased LVEDP in the diseased heart. These results could be applied to future computational studies for developing heart failure treatment.
The Role of Pre- and Post-Transplant Hydration Status in Kidney Graft Recovery and One-Year Function
Authors: Bura Andrejus , Kaupe Vaiva , Karpaviciute Justina , Stankuviene Asta , Vaiciunas Kestutis , Bumblyte Inga Arune , Vaiciuniene Ruta
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: Early improvements to graft function are crucial for good outcomes in kidney transplantation (kTx). Various factors can influence early graft function. This study aimed to evaluate the pre- and post-transplant hydration statuses of kTx recipients using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and lung ultrasonography (LUS) and to investigate the hydration status’ relationship with the function of the transplanted kidney during the first year after transplantation. Materials and Methods: This observational prospective cohort study included deceased kidney recipients transplanted in the Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences between September 2016 and January 2023. BIA and LUS were performed before transplantation, on days 3 and 7, and at discharge. Data on recipient and donor clinical characteristics were collected. Graft function was evaluated according to the serum creatinine reduction ratio and the need for dialysis. Hydration status was evaluated by calculating B-lines (BL) on LUS and the ratio of extracellular/total body water on BIA. Results: Ninety-eight kTx recipients were included in the study. Patients with immediate graft function (IGF) were compared to those with slow or delayed graft function (SGF + DGF). Recipients in the SGF + DGF group had a higher sum of BL on LUS before transplantation. After transplantation in early postoperative follow-up, both groups showed hyperhydration as determined by BIA and LUS. After one year, recipients with no BL before transplantation had better graft function than those with BL. Logistic regression analysis showed that having more than one BL in LUS was associated with a 2.5 times higher risk of SGF or DGF after transplantation. Conclusions: This study found that lung congestion detected by LUS before kTx was associated with slower graft recovery and worse kidney function after 1 year. Meanwhile, the hyperhydration status detected by BIA analysis did not correlate with the function of the transplanted kidney.
Achieving High Self-Lubricating Performance of Al-Bi-Sm-Ti Alloys Based on the Intermetallic Compounds
Authors: Man Tiannan , Zhang Lin , Nong Zhisheng , Lu Shaowei , Wang Engang
Published: November 2023

Al-Bi immiscible alloys, as wear resistance material, have attracted increasing attention in the past. The solidification processing of alloys plays a significant role in the final solidification microstructure and properties of immiscible alloys. Here, we present a strategy to produce a homogeneous microstructure in Al-Bi alloys based on intermetallic compounds. With the addition of Sm and Ti, the effect on the microstructure and properties was discussed in detail. The Al-Bi-Sm-Ti alloys achieve high self-lubricating performance, referring to the values of the coefficient of friction and wear rate. The intermetallic compounds formed were regarded as the main anti-friction and anti-wear factors. The results of numerical simulation indicate that microsegregation in Al-Bi alloys was retarded based on the intermetallic compounds. The coefficient of friction of the Al-Bi-1Sm-2Ti alloy was 46.2% lower than that of the Al-Bi alloys at 300 m. This research provides a new perspective and guidance for designing and fabricating composites with superior self-lubricating properties.
Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Environmental Water Sources from Southern Chile: A Potential Threat to Human Health
Authors: Jofré Bartholin Matías , Barrera Vega Boris , Berrocal Silva Liliana
Published: November 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global issue affecting public and animal health. The overuse of antibiotics in human health, animal production, agriculture, and aquaculture has led to the selection of antibiotic-resistant strains, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria. Mutations and horizontal gene transfer play a significant role in the development of antimicrobial resistance, leading to the reduced efficacy of current antibiotics. Today, AMR in bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) are increasingly recognized in multiple environmental sources, including recreational and irrigation waters. This study aims to identify Gram-negative bacteria from surface aquatic reservoirs in southern Chile and assess their susceptibility to clinically relevant antibiotics. Water samples were collected from four lakes, five rivers, one waterfall, and one watershed in southern Chile to isolate environmental Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). API-20E and MALDI–TOF were employed for bacterial identification. Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion tests and multiplex PCR were performed to determine their susceptibility profile. A total of 26 GNB strains were isolated from environmental water samples, predominantly belonging to the Pseudomonas (n = 9) and Acinetobacter (n = 7) genera. Among these strains, 96.2% were resistant to ampicillin and cefazoline, while 26.9% and 34.6% showed resistance to ceftazidime and cefepime, respectively. Additionally, 38.5% exhibited resistance to colistin. Two Enterobacter cloacae strains obtained from Cachapoal River (sixth region) and Villarrica Lake (ninth region), respectively, presented a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype and carried at least two extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes. Thus, antibiotic-resistant GNB and ARGs were found in natural water reservoirs, raising concerns about the dissemination of resistance determinants among potentially pathogenic bacteria in environmental microbial communities.
Morphological and Optical Modification of Melanosomes in Fish Integuments upon Oxidation
Authors: Mouchet Sébastien R. , Cortesi Fabio , Bokic Bojana , Lazovic Vladimir , Vukusic Pete , Marshall N. Justin , Kolaric Branko
Published: November 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radicals O2−, hydroxyl radicals OH−, and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 may have detrimental effects on marine organisms, including their integuments and visual appearances. Although some studies have described the impact of ROS on marine ecosystems and species ecology, the influence on the optical response of the integuments of marine species and on their visual appearances remains unknown. In this article, we used histology and optical characterisation to show, for the first time, that skin melanophores (melanin-containing chromophores) of the coral reef fish, Stegastes apicalis, change their shapes and fluorescent proprieties upon oxidation with H2O2 radicals. Our observations also suggest that pheomelanosomes may occur in fish integuments, where, previously, it was thought that fish melanosomes only contain eumelanin. This investigation relied on light and electron microscopy and steady-state fluorimetry, as well as time-resolved streak imaging systems. We suggest that the changes in the morphological and spectral characteristics of melanophores can be used as a marker of physiological stress induced by environmental factors such as ROS. Moreover, S. apicalis may be used as a potential model for studying the interaction between the surrounding environment and natural organisms in biologically diverse ecosystems, such as the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
Comparative Study of Ultra-Narrow-Mode Generation in Random Fiber Lasers Based on Different Fiber Types
Authors: Vatnik Ilya D. , Gorbunov Oleg A. , Churkin Dmitry V.
Published: November 2023

We studied the properties of ultra-narrow spectral modes, appearing in random distributed feedback Raman fiber lasers, for different fibers building up a laser cavity. Fibers with different nonlinear coefficients and dispersion were employed to obtain the generation. Ultra-narrow modes were observed in all fibers except those with the smallest dispersion. We measured the mode parameters, such as the average lifetime, as well as the maximum averaged output power that can support the ultra-narrow generation. The comparison revealed that the modes were more pronounced in high-dispersion fibers. Based on this comparative study, we conclude with the importance of the nonlinearity-dispersion interplay for regime stability.
Plant and Soil Microbial Diversity Co-Regulate Ecosystem Multifunctionality during Desertification in a Temperate Grassland
Authors: Zhang Yeming , Gao Xiuli , Yuan Ye , Hou Lei , Dang Zhenhua , Ma Linna
Published: November 2023

Biodiversity plays a crucial role in driving multiple ecosystem functions in temperate grasslands. However, our understanding of how biodiversity regulates the impacts of desertification processes on ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) remains limited. In this study, we investigate plant diversity, soil microbial diversity (fungal, bacterial, archaeal, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversity), soil properties (soil water content, pH, and soil clay content), and multiple ecosystem functions (soil N mineralization, soil phosphatase activity, AMF infection rate, microbial biomass, plant biomass, and soil C and nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Na, Cu, Mg, and Mn)) at six different grassland desertification intensities. The random forest model was conducted to assess the importance of soil properties, plant diversity, and soil microbial diversity in driving EMF. Furthermore, a structural equation model (SEM) was employed to analyze the indirect and direct impacts of these predictors on EMF. Our study showed that plant, soil bacterial, fungal, and archaeal diversity gradually decreased with increasing desertification intensity. However, only AMF diversity was found to be less sensitive to desertification. Similarly, EMF also showed a significant decline with increasing desertification. Importantly, both plant and soil microbial diversity were positively associated with EMF during desertification processes. The random forest model and SEM revealed that both plant and soil microbial diversity were identified as important and direct predictors of EMF during desertification processes. This highlights the primary influence of above- and below-ground biodiversity in co-regulating the response of EMF to grassland desertification. These findings have important implications for planned ecosystem restoration and sustainable grassland management.
Unlocking the Potential of Nano-Enabled Precision Agriculture for Efficient and Sustainable Farming
Authors: Goyal Vinod , Rani Dolly , Ritika  , Mehrotra Shweta , Deng Chaoyi , Wang Yi
Published: November 2023

Nanotechnology has attracted remarkable attention due to its unique features and potential uses in multiple domains. Nanotechnology is a novel strategy to boost production from agriculture along with superior efficiency, ecological security, biological safety, and monetary security. Modern farming processes increasingly rely on environmentally sustainable techniques, providing substitutes for conventional fertilizers and pesticides. The drawbacks inherent in traditional agriculture can be addressed with the implementation of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology can uplift the global economy, so it becomes essential to explore the application of nanoparticles in agriculture. In-depth descriptions of the microbial synthesis of nanoparticles, the site and mode of action of nanoparticles in living cells and plants, the synthesis of nano-fertilizers and their effects on nutrient enhancement, the alleviation of abiotic stresses and plant diseases, and the interplay of nanoparticles with the metabolic processes of both plants and microbes are featured in this review. The antimicrobial activity, ROS-induced toxicity to cells, genetic damage, and growth promotion of plants are among the most often described mechanisms of operation of nanoparticles. The size, shape, and dosage of nanoparticles determine their ability to respond. Nevertheless, the mode of action of nano-enabled agri-chemicals has not been fully elucidated. The information provided in our review paper serves as an essential viewpoint when assessing the constraints and potential applications of employing nanomaterials in place of traditional fertilizers.
Reduced GSH Acts as a Metabolic Cue of OPDA Signaling in Coregulating Photosynthesis and Defense Activation under Stress
Authors: Adhikari Ashna , Park Sang-Wook
Published: November 2023

12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) is a primary precursor of jasmonates, able to trigger autonomous signaling cascades that activate and fine-tune plant defense responses, as well as growth and development. However, its mechanism of actions remains largely elusive. Here we describe a dual-function messenger of OPDA signaling, reduced glutathione (GSH), that cross-regulates photosynthesis machinery and stress protection/adaptation in concert, optimizing plant plasticity and survival potential. Under stress conditions, the rapid induction of OPDA production stimulates GSH accumulation in the chloroplasts, and in turn leads to protein S-glutathionylation in modulating the structure and function of redox-sensitive enzymes such as 2-cysteine (Cys) peroxiredoxin A (2CPA), a recycler in the water–water cycle. GSH exchanges thiol-disulfides with the resolving CysR175, while donating an electron (e−, H+) to the peroxidatic CysP53, of 2CPA, which revives its reductase activity and fosters peroxide detoxification in photosynthesis. The electron flow protects photosynthetic processes (decreased total non-photochemical quenching, NPQ(T)) and maintains its efficiency (increased photosystem II quantum yield, ΦII). On the other hand, GSH also prompts retrograde signaling from the chloroplasts to the nucleus in adjusting OPDA-responsive gene expressions such as Glutathione S-Transferase 6 (GST6) and GST8, and actuating defense responses against various ecological constraints such as salinity, excess oxidants and light, as well as mechanical wounding. We thus propose that OPDA regulates a unique metabolic switch that interfaces light and defense signaling, where it links cellular and environmental cues to a multitude of plant physiological, e.g., growth, development, recovery, and acclimation, processes.
Conversion of Biomass-Derived Molecules into Alkyl Levulinates Using Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Yamanaka Nobutaka , Shimazu Shogo
Published: November 2023

Alkyl levulinates are promising and versatile biomass-derived chemicals, which are utilized as fuel additives, flavoring agents, fragrances, solvents, and precursors for synthesizing valuable γ-valerolactone. A method for synthesizing alkyl levulinates involves the esterification of levulinic acid with the corresponding alkyl alcohols in the presence of solid acid catalysts that have abundant Brønsted acid sites. Alkyl levulinates can also be synthesized from other biomass-derived molecules such as furfuryl alcohol and furfural via alcoholysis and one-pot conversion, respectively. Thus far, various heterogeneous catalysts have been developed for the conversion of the biomass-derived molecules (levulinic acid, furfuryl alcohol, and furfural) into alkyl levulinates. To obtain the target products in high yields, numerous strategies have been employed including increasing Brønsted acidity, dispersing and incorporating Brønsted acid sites, inducing the formation of mesopores, and inducing a synergistic effect of metal–Brønsted acid sites that are present on a catalyst surface. Here, we summarily reviewed the performances of the heterogeneous catalysts in the conversions, describing the design and development of the heterogeneous catalysts that ensured the excellent yield of alkyl levulinates.
Clinical Static Balance Assessment: A Narrative Review of Traditional and IMU-Based Posturography in Older Adults and Individuals with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Noamani Alireza , Riahi Negar , Vette Albert H. , Rouhani Hossein
Published: November 2023

Maintaining a stable upright posture is essential for performing activities of daily living, and impaired standing balance may impact an individual’s quality of life. Therefore, accurate and sensitive methods for assessing static balance are crucial for identifying balance impairments, understanding the underlying mechanisms of the balance deficiencies, and developing targeted interventions to improve standing balance and prevent falls. This review paper first explores the methods to quantify standing balance. Then, it reviews traditional posturography and recent advancements in using wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) to assess static balance in two populations: older adults and those with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). The inclusion of these two groups is supported by their large representation among individuals with balance impairments. Also, each group exhibits distinct aspects in balance assessment due to diverse underlying causes associated with aging and neurological impairment. Given the high vulnerability of both demographics to balance impairments and falls, the significance of targeted interventions to improve standing balance and mitigate fall risk becomes apparent. Overall, this review highlights the importance of static balance assessment and the potential of emerging methods and technologies to improve our understanding of postural control in different populations.
Minimally Invasive Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Enabled by ECG Sensor and WPT to Manage Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Xia Fen , Li Hanrui , Li Yixi , Liu Xing , Xu Yankun , Fang Chaoming , Hou Qiming , Lin Siyu , Zhang Zhao , Yang Jie , Sawan Mohamad
Published: November 2023

A hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HGNS) is an invasive device that is used to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) through electrical stimulation. The conventional implantable HGNS device consists of a stimuli generator, a breathing sensor, and electrodes connected to the hypoglossal nerve via leads. However, this implant is bulky and causes significant trauma. In this paper, we propose a minimally invasive HGNS based on an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor and wireless power transfer (WPT), consisting of a wearable breathing monitor and an implantable stimulator. The breathing external monitor utilizes an ECG sensor to identify abnormal breathing patterns associated with OSA with 88.68% accuracy, achieved through the utilization of a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm. With a skin thickness of 5 mm and a receiving coil diameter of 9 mm, the power conversion efficiency was measured as 31.8%. The implantable device, on the other hand, is composed of a front-end CMOS power management module (PMM), a binary-phase-shift-keying (BPSK)-based data demodulator, and a bipolar biphasic current stimuli generator. The PMM, with a silicon area of 0.06 mm2 (excluding PADs), demonstrated a power conversion efficiency of 77.5% when operating at a receiving frequency of 2 MHz. Furthermore, it offers three-voltage options (1.2 V, 1.8 V, and 3.1 V). Within the data receiver component, a low-power BPSK demodulator was ingeniously incorporated, consuming only 42 μW when supplied with a voltage of 0.7 V. The performance was achieved through the implementation of the self-biased phase-locked-loop (PLL) technique. The stimuli generator delivers biphasic constant currents, providing a 5 bit programmable range spanning from 0 to 2.4 mA. The functionality of the proposed ECG- and WPT-based HGNS was validated, representing a highly promising solution for the effective management of OSA, all while minimizing the trauma and space requirements.
Leader–Follower Approach for Non-Holonomic Mobile Robots Based on Extended Kalman Filter Sensor Data Fusion and Extended On-Board Camera Perception Controlled with Behavior Tree
Authors: Joon Arpit , Kowalczyk Wojciech
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a leader–follower mobile robot control approach using onboard sensors. The follower robot is equipped with an Intel RealSense camera mounted on a rotating platform. Camera observations and ArUco markers are used to localize the robots to each other and relative to the workspace. The rotating platform allows the expansion of the perception range. As a result, the robot can use observations that are not within the camera’s field of view at the same time in the localization process. The decision-making process associated with the control of camera rotation is implemented using behavior trees. In addition, measurements from encoders and IMUs are used to improve the quality of localization. Data fusion is performed using the EKF filter and allows the user to determine the robot’s poses. A 3D-printed cuboidal tower is added to the leader robot with four ArUco markers located on its sides. Fiducial landmarks are placed on vertical surfaces in the workspace to improve the localization process. The experiments were performed to verify the effectiveness of the presented control algorithm. The robot operating system (ROS) was installed on both robots.
Analysis of Musculoskeletal Biomechanics of Lower Limbs of Drivers in Pedal-Operation States
Authors: Zhang Song , Kui Hailin , Liu Xiangyu , Zhang Zhonglin
Published: November 2023

In this study, to establish the biomechanical characteristics of commercial vehicle drivers’ muscles and bones while operating the three pedals, a driver pedal-operation simulator was built, and the real-life situation was reconstructed in OpenSim 3.3 software. We set up three seat heights to investigate the drivers’ lower limbs, and the research proceeded in two parts: experiment and simulation. Chinese adult males in the 95th percentile were selected as the research participants. In the experiment, Delsys wireless surface electromyography (EMG) sensors were used to collect the EMG signals of the four main muscle groups of the lower limbs when the drivers operated the three pedals. Then, we analyzed the muscle activation and the degree of muscle fatigue. The simulation was based on OpenSim software to analyze the driver’s lower limb joint angles and joint torque. The results show that the activation of the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and rectus femoris muscles were higher in the four muscle groups. In respect of torque, in most cases, hip joint torque > knee joint torque > ankle joint torque. The knee joint angles were the largest, and the ankle joint angles changed the most. The experimental results provide a reference for improving drivers’ handling comfort in commercial vehicles and provide theoretical bases for cab design and layout optimization.
Analysis of Country Economic Growth Based on Industries Chain Position
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Wenyu , Li Bing
Published: November 2023

In contrast to the past, the trade behavior of countries has become increasingly intricate, encompassing domestic trade rooted in local markets, traditional trade centered on final exports, and value chain trade reliant on intermediate goods. To tailor their strategies to their unique circumstances, nations judiciously allocate their economic focal points across these three trade modalities, engendering distinct national development models. By discerning the varying emphases placed by countries on these three trade modes, this paper employs clustering techniques to extract and analyze divergent national development models. Additionally, this paper assesses countries’ performance in various trade activities and introduces a new indicator, Total Trade Ability (TTA), to examine the impact of these models on the economy. With our approach, one can easily distinguish how different countries develop their economies. Our findings indicate a strong correlation between economic growth and TTA. In general, countries with higher TTA tend to exhibit higher economic growth.
Features of food product certification
Authors:   Center Test Service LLC, Russia, Moscow, Zelenenko M.S.
Published: November 2023

The article describes the conditions for certification of food products, types of mandatory permits and their execution. Information is also provided on the necessary documents for goods for the procedure for confirming the conformity of food products, fines for violating its rules and labeling of food products.
Primary care gatekeeping during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of 1234 Norwegian regular GPs
Authors: Norberg Børge Lønnebakke , Johnsen Tor Magne , Kristiansen Eli , Krogh Frode Helgetun , Getz Linn Okkenhaug , Austad Bjarne
Published: November 2023

Background

In the Nordic healthcare systems, GPs regulate access to secondary health services as gatekeepers. Limited knowledge exists about the gatekeeper role of GPs during public health crises seen from the perspective of GPs.

Aim

To document GPs’ gatekeeper role and organisational changes during the initial COVID-19 lockdown in Norway.

Design & setting

A cross-sectional online survey was addressed to all regular Norwegian GPs (n= 4858) during pandemic lockdown in spring 2020.

Method

Each GP documented how patients with potential COVID-19 disease were triaged and handled during a full regular workday. The survey also covered workload, organisational changes, and views on advice given by the authorities.

Results

A total of 1234 (25.4%) of Norway’s GPs participated. Together, they documented nearly 18 000 consultations, of which 65% were performed digitally (video, text, and telephone). Suspected COVID-19 symptoms were reported in 11% of the consultations. Nearly all these patients were managed in primary care, either in regular GP offices (55.7%) or GP-run municipal respiratory clinics (40.7%), while 3.7% (n= 73) were admitted to hospitals. The GPs proactively contacted an average of 0.8 at-risk patients per day. While 84% were satisfied with the information provided by the medical authorities, only 20% were able to reorganise their practice in accordance with national recommendations.

Conclusion

During the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway, the vast majority of patients with COVID-19-suspected symptoms were handled in primary care. This is likely to have protected secondary health services from potentially detrimental exposure to contagion and breakdown of capacity limits.
Pengembangan Model Tata Kelola Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Sebagai Upaya Penyebaran Kunjungan Wisatawan Di Kawasan Borobudur
Authors: Rozi Fachrul , Lemy Diena M.
Published: November 2023

Borobudur as a super priority destination is develop with various problems such as conservation problem in main area of Borobudur Temple . The development of the outer zone including the tourist village has started but not able to unravel the buildup of the main zone and has not received significant tourist visits. It is important to develop a model for disseminating tourists as an effort to protect and conserve the main zone. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with an exploratory study approach by conducting interviews with key stakeholders in the DSP Borobudur area. The research was carried out in the Borobudur area and data validation used the data source triangulation method. The findings in this study are that the management model recommended for the Borobudur area as an effort to spread tourist visits is the single management single destination model. This approach refers to the view that Borobudur is a unified destination managed by an authority body, namely the Borobudur Authority Agency  ( BOB) by eliminating territorial and administrative boundaries. The BOB function needs to be sharpened as a coordinating body for all organizational components in the Borobudur area. Marketing efforts are carried out together with the preparation of regional event calendars and implementing modern business management in the management of tourist destinations and tourist villages to support business continuity
Turismo comunitário e desenvolvimento na perspectiva dos quilombolas no Parque Estadual do Jalapão (TO) e adjacências
Authors: Paulino Eduardo Gomes , Pizzio Alex
Published: November 2023

O aumento da dinâmica econômica, permeada por uma nova lógica ditada pelo setor de turístico, tem-se apresentado como alternativa para o desenvolvimento da região. Este estudo analisou de que maneira a intensificação da atividade turística tem impactado nos modos de vida comunitários e no uso dos recursos sociocomunitários no território do Jalapão, estado do Tocantins. Teve-se como recorte a comunidade quilombola de Mumbuca, sobreposta pelo Parque Estadual do Jalapão - PEJ, localizado no município de Mateiros; e a comunidade quilombola do Prata, no município São Félix do Tocantins. Metodologicamente utilizamos entrevistas e observação etnográfica, além de revisão da literatura. Os resultados apontam que a atividade turística tem sido um importante elemento indutor da melhoraria na economia local e da qualidade de vida dos comunitários. No entanto, a análise apontou que a intensificação do turismo no território tem alterado os modos de vida e os usos dos recursos sociocomunitários das comunidades, gerando novas demandas e conflitos outrora inexistentes.
Deux ans de déclarations officielles sur la formation des immigrés
Authors:   Centre B.E.L.C.-Migrants
Published: November 2023

Le 8 juin 1974, Monsieur Giscard d'Estaing annonce la composition du premier gouvernement de son septennat. Le Ministère du Travail, confié à Monsieur Durafour, comportera un Secrétariat d'État chargé des Travailleurs Immigrés. Monsieur Postel-Vinay anciennement Directeur Général de la Direction Population Migrations, est chargé de ce Secrétariat d'Etat. Il démissionne le 22 juillet 1974 et est remplacé par Monsieur Paul Dijoud, précédemment Secrétaire d'État auprès du Premier Ministre dans le second gouvernement Messmer pour une mission permanente de coordination interministérielle, de la formation permanente professionnelle et de la Sécurité Routière.

Un des premiers actes du Gouvernement Chirac a été la suspension de l'immigration à compter du 3 juillet 1974. Cette mesure devait s'accompagner d'une «nouvelle politique d'amélioration des conditions de vie et de travail des immigrés sur tous les plans qu'il s'agisse de leur vie professionnelle et de logement, de leur place dans la collectivité».
La demande de formation des migrants : selon l'ADEP, la demande reproduit le discours des organismes spécialisés
Authors: Gaudeul freire Marie-christine , Passedouet Jérôme
Published: November 2023

L'ADEP (Agence Nationale pour le Développement de l'Education Permanente) a été chargée par le GFC BTP (Groupement Paritaire pour la Formation Continue dans le Bâtiment et les Travaux Publics) d'une étude sur les situations de travail dans les professions du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics en vue d'une programmation de la formation.

La main-d'œuvre étrangère étant très nombreuse, le GFC a également confié à l'ADEP une étude plus spécifique à cette population.

L'analyse de la formation offerte aux travailleurs étrangers que nous présentons ici est donc le résultat de travaux menés au cours de l'étude plus spécifique sur la formation des migrants dans le BTP.

La méthodologie retenue a consisté en une série d'entretiens avec des guides spécifiques, auprès des responsables d'entreprise, chefs de travaux ou de chantier, des responsables d'organismes de formation, des formateurs, et surtout des travailleurs immigrés du BTP une centaine, ayant pour certains suivi une formation, pour d'autres non, enfin des entretiens avec des représentants du Groupement Paritaire pour la Formation Continue.

Ces formations dont nous parlons sont des formations financées sur le 1 % de la masse salariale que les entreprises doivent affecter à la formation.
Laisser aux stagiaires le temps et les moyens de la découverte
Authors: Joly François , Charlot Martine
Published: November 2023

Nous avons interrogé un moniteur du CIPL (Centre Interprofessionnel de Promotion de la Loire) sur la façon dont il envisageait la formation continue, en entreprise, des stagiaires étrangers.

Nous ne donnons, dans ce numéro, qu'un court passage de l'entretien. L'ensemble, avec des documents graphiques, paraîtra dans le numéro 19 de Migrants-Formation (décembre 1976).
Les obstacles à la formation des travailleurs étrangers en France
Authors: Hua Laurent , Las Vergnas Marie-Laure
Published: November 2023

L'étude dont nous reproduisons un extrait a été réalisée, en juillet 1975, à l'École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, par Laurent Hua et Marie-Laure Las Vergnas pour le Ministère du Travail et des Affaires Sociales Algérien.

Migrants - Formation remercie les auteurs et les commanditaires de leur aimable autorisation de reproduction.

Le titre de l'étude (multigr. 215 pages) était : La formation professionnelle des algériens en France. Nous estimons que les conclusions des auteurs dépassent le cadre de l'immigration algérienne et peuvent concerner l'ensemble des travailleurs étrangers en France.
Émigrés portugais de retour définitif au pays
Authors: Charlot Martine
Published: November 2023

De 1960 à 1977, 1 586 378 Portugais ont émigré soit légalement, soit clandestinement, en Europe, en Amérique du Nord et en Amérique Latine, en Afrique du Sud, en Australie...
Les jeunes étrangers en R.F.A.
Authors: Musolino S. , Tippelt R.
Published: November 2023

Dans le cadre d'une étude sur les aspirations et le choix professionnel des jeunes, étude subventionnée par le Centre européen pour le développement de la formation professionnelle, le Heidelberger Arbeitsgruppe für empirische Bildungsforschung qui est un institut de recherches sur l'éducation, a étudié le problème de la jeunesse d'origine étrangère résident à l'Allemagne fédérale
Insertion des réfugiés en milieu rural (Vendée)
Authors: Vallet Jacky , Champigné Jean
Published: November 2023

Si l’arrivée «d’étrangers» a été une surprise, la présence du Centre d’Hébergement ne pose pas de problèmes particuliers, dans le village de Bourneau où les seuls «étrangers» étaient les rapatriés d'Algérie de la Maison de Retraite.

Les habitants semblent manifester un certain intérêt mais le plus souvent une indifférence polie à la présence des réfugiés. Deux éléments semblent empêcher le contact : les difficultés de communication, et le rythme des passages au Centre. L'attitude des réfugiés, repliés sur eux-mêmes, à l’intérieur du Centre, leur volonté de passer inaperçu limitent également les possibilités de contact, malgré les tentatives de la part de l’équipe d’animation (repas, fête, expositions).