bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal competencies among mothers with infants at early infancy in Sri Lanka; a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Karunanayaka A. D. S. S. , Wijesinghe C. J. , Somasiri K. G.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Maternal competencies among mothers with infants at early infancy are sparsely described in the literature. This study explores the dimensions of competencies among mothers with infants at early infancy in the Sri Lankan context. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using focus group discussions with mothers, fathers, and grandparents of infants aged up to 6 months and in-depth interviews with health personnel providing maternal and child health services for these mothers and infants. The Framework approach for qualitative data analysis was used to identify dimensions of parenting competencies in mothers at early infancy. Results: Five dimensions of maternal parenting competencies were identified i.e.; feeding the infant, maintaining hygiene, dealing with crying, dealing with illnesses and recognizing the normal growth and development. Conclusions: The findings can be used to develop culturally specific tools to assess the level of parenting competencies in mothers and to design maternal educational interventions to reinforce their parenting skills.
Severe rhabdomyolysis without acute kidney injury in a female with acute dengue fever; an uncommon complication of a common disease
Authors: Senarathna H. M. , Abayagunawardana A. N. , Weerarathna T. P.
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Helicopter Cockpit Audio Data Analysis to Infer Flight State Information
Authors: Shin Sanghyun , Vaidya Abhishek , Hwang Inseok
Published: June 2020

In recent years, the National Transportation Safety Board has highlighted the importance of analyzing flight data as one of the effective methods to improve the safety and efficiency of helicopter operations. Since cockpit audio data contain various sounds from engines, alarms, crew
conversations, and other sources within a cockpit, analyzing cockpit audio data can help identify the causes of incidents and accidents. Among the various types of the sounds in cockpit audio data, this paper focuses on cockpit alarm and engine sounds as an object of analysis. This paper proposes
cockpit audio analysis algorithms, which can detect types and occurrence times of alarm sounds for an abnormal flight and estimate engine-related flight parameters such as an engine torque. This is achieved by the following: for alarm sound analysis, finding the highest correlation with the
short time Fourier transform, and the Cumulative Sum Control Chart (CUSUM) using a database of the characteristic features of the alarm; and for engine sound analysis, using data mining and statistical modeling techniques to identify specific frequencies associated with engine operations.
The proposed algorithm is successfully applied to a set of simulated audio data, which were generated by the X-plane flight simulator, and real audio data, which were recorded by GoPro cameras in Sikorsky S-76 helicopters to demonstrate its desired performance.
Sharp endpoint estimates for some operators associated with the Laplacian with drift in Euclidean space
Authors: Li Hong-Quan , Sjögren Peter
Published: June 2020

Let
$v \ne 0$
be a vector in

${\mathbb {R}}^n$
. Consider the Laplacian on

${\mathbb {R}}^n$
with drift

$\Delta _{v} = \Delta + 2v\cdot \nabla $
and the measure

$d\mu (x) = e^{2 \langle v, x \rangle } dx$
, with respect to which

$\Delta _{v}$
is self-adjoint. This measure has exponential growth with respect to the Euclidean distance. We study weak type

$(1, 1)$
and other sharp endpoint estimates for the Riesz transforms of any order, and also for the vertical and horizontal Littlewood–Paley–Stein functions associated with the heat and the Poisson semigroups.
Simple groups of birational transformations in dimension two
Authors: Urech Christian
Published: June 2020

We classify simple groups that act by birational transformations on compact complex Kähler surfaces. Moreover, we show that every finitely generated simple group that acts nontrivially by birational transformations on a projective surface over an arbitrary field is finite.
Poisson brackets of partitions of unity on surfaces
Authors: Buhovsky Lev , Logunov Alexander , Tanny Shira
Published: June 2020

Given an open cover of a closed symplectic manifold, consider all smooth partitions of unity consisting of functions supported in the covering sets. The Poisson bracket invariant of the cover measures how much the functions from such a partition of unity can become close to being Poisson commuting. We introduce a new approach to this invariant, which enables us to prove the lower bound conjectured by L. Polterovich, in dimension 2.
The Berenstein–Kirillov group and cactus groups
Authors: Chmutov Michael , Glick Max , Pylyavskyy Pavlo
Published: June 2020

Berenstein and Kirillov have studied the action of Bender–Knuth moves on semistandard tableaux. Losev has studied a cactus group action in Kazhdan–Lusztig theory; in type

A

this action can also be identified in the work of Henriques and Kamnitzer. We establish the relationship between the two actions. We show that the Berenstein–Kirillov group is a quotient of the cactus group. We use this to derive previously unknown relations in the Berenstein–Kirillov group.We also determine precise implications between subsets of relations in the two groups, which yields a presentation for cactus groups in terms of Bender–Knuth generators.
User Perspective Towards M-banking in Bangladesh: A Case Study Based on University Students
Authors: Alam Md Tafsir , Maliha Syeeda Raisa , Aziz Mustafa Nizamul
Published: June 2020

In recent years, as the largest emerging market, China's economic development has gradually shifted from the high growth stage to the high-quality development stage. The company is an essential micro-subject of macroeconomic activities, and an entrepreneur's academic background is a critical factor in achieving high-quality corporate development. This study takes the data of IT listed companies in China from 2012 to 2017 as the sample, Screening research samples based on academic experience requirements based on requirements for current or former teaching and research positions in universities, then makes an empirical analysis on the connection between academic executives and companies innovation ability. The results indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between executive academic experience and the company's innovation ability, i.e., academics-type. There is also a significant positive correlation between the average tenure of executives and innovation ability, which still holds after the robustness test. Researching the relationship between the academic experience of the executives of listed companies and their innovation ability can not only enrich the research on the characteristics of the senior management team, but also provide theoretical guidance for the construction of senior management team, and provide a few suggestions for the improvement of innovation ability and the formulation of government-related policies.
Drug Discovery and Development Strategies for COVID-19
Authors: Shrestha Aarajana , Kadayat Tara Man
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 Special Issue: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global threat. Scientists and clinicians are endeavoring to find effective drugs and vaccines for this disease. This special issue of the Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences (EJMS) aims to cover the problems, solutions, and challenges of COVID-19 around the world. In this Editorial, EJMS Editors Aarajana Shrestha and Tara Man Kadayat highlight the processes of drug discovery and development and a brief overview of the current drug development strategies against COVID-19.
Wind Power Conversion Chain Harmonic Compensation using APF Based on FLC
Authors: Bourourou Fares , Tadjer Sid Ahmed , Habi Idir
Published: June 2020

The work deals study of the active power filter (APF) aplications on harmonic compensation of wind power conversion chain network in case of nonlinear load presence, this, after modeling of each part and well choice of the rules bases and intervals for each selected fuzzy variable of the suitable fuzzy logic controller. To show the effectiveness of this kind of regulation on power quality improvement in wind power system and on APF function reliability on harmonic compensation compered to the use of PI controller, all system is simuled via MATLAB Simulink, Results are discussed and analyzed to represent the effectiveness of the proposed APF on power quality and harmonic reducing on wind conversion chain network.
The Potential of Solar Thermoelectric Generator STEG for Implantation in the Adrar Region
Authors: ZOUI Mohamed Amine , Bentouba Said , Bourouis Mahmoud
Published: June 2020

Asolar thermoelectric generator STEG is a system similar to photovoltaics in the specificity of converting solar energy directly into electrical energy without the need for a mechanical transaction. However, compared to photovoltaics, its introduction into large-scale solar power generation has never been achieved, largely due to the low efficiency of the main component of STEG, the thermoelectric TE module. In contrast to other sectors where TE technology is emerging and growing a rapid development that consequently leads to the discovery of new materials, more TE efficient and adapted design engineering. From this reality, STEG has the potential to become a competing alternative technology to the dominant solar photovoltaic systems, especially in hot regions where the PV system suffers from the progressive and precocious degradation of its original properties, leading to a decrease in lifetime and efficiency due to thermal fatigue caused by the excessive heating of the cells by solar infrared radiation that is useless for PV conversion. The concrete example of our study is in Adrar region (south-west Algeria) which is among the hottest and sunniest areas in the world. A selective analysis of the most suitable STEG system for the Adrar region is proposed, based on state-of-the-art data of STEG systems realized and simulated in the scientific literature
KERAGAMAN DAN KEPADATAN POPULASI SPESIES BURUNG PADA KAWASAN HUTAN PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS PAPUA
Authors: Mainase Carlie , Warmetan Hermanus , Sinery Anton Silas
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman dan kepadatan populasi burung pada hutan pendidikan dan kebun hortikultura Universiitas Papua. Metode point count (titik pengamatan) diaplikasikan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kergaman pada hutan tanaman adalah 1,88 hutan alam 2,63 dan kebun hortikultura adalah 1,68 sehingga keragaman burung pada ketiga lokasi tergolong dalam indeks kergaman sedang. Kepadatan populasi burung pada hutan tanaman adalah 4, 81 ekor/ha, hutan alam 15,5 ekor/ha dan kebun hortikultura adalah 11 ekor/ha. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan masing-masing spesies yang dikategorikan rendah, sehingga kelimpahan masing -masing jenis atau spesies tidak sama.
POTENSI DAN PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN WISATA ALAM DANAU ANGGI GIDA
Authors: Ronald Dowansiba  , Yohanes Y. Rahawarin  , Mahmud
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan objek dan daya tarik wisata danau Anggi Gida dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor pendukung wisata alam serta sikap dan persepsi masyarakat daerah terhadap pengembangan kawasan wisata danau Anggi Gida. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data secara observasi melalui wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua danau yaitu danau Anggi Gida dengan luas 2.500 ha dan Anggi Giji dengan luas 1.800 ha. Secara fungsi, kawasan ini memiliki peran yang demikian penting dalam upaya pelestarain flora, fauna dan keberadaan komunitas masyararakat. Secara khusus kawasan tersebut ditumbuhi oleh vegetasi pinggiran danau yang khas, diantaranya yaitu pohon (Ficus sp.), pohon arwob (Dodonea fiscosa), alang-alang danau (Imperata cylindrica). Sebagian besar responden berpersepsi positif terhadap pengembangan ODTW danau Anggi Gida dengan persentase tertinggi sebesar 81,44%, sementara responden yang memilih netral sebesar 12,5% dan responden yang berpersepsi negatif (menolak) cukup kecil yaitu hanya sebesar 6,06%.
PEMANFAATAN DATA INSTAGRAM UNTUK MENGETAHUI REPUTASI TEMPAT WISATA DI LOMBOK
Authors: Azmi Muhammad , Amiruddin Khairul Huda  , Arief Setyanto
Published: June 2020

Social media currently has an extraordinary influence in decision making, including in the tourism industry to find out the reputation and popularity of a tourist destination. At present the use and use of social media is not only limited to entertainment media but also as a medium or a place to share information both information that is considered important or not important and neglected. In this study, we utilize data scattered through Instagram posts related to tourist destinations to be used as references to find out the reputation of tourist destinations on the island of Lombok. The data used comes from Instagram with a total of 600 datasets, using three keywords namely beach, dyke and hill. The method used is the Naive Bayes Classifier which will be used to classify postings and Instagram comments by classifying into positive, negative and neutral posts to tourist destinations. The results of this study can show that the accuracy of naive bayes is 59%, while tourist attractions or tourist destinations which are categorized as popular for the beach are Kuta Beach with 85% percentage and for the Gili category that is 47% Gili Air namely, mountain Mount Rinjani with a percentage of 60%.
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN M3 (MEMBACA, MENULIS, MENGHITUNG) BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Muh. Fahrurrozi  , Lalu Puji Indra Kharisma  , Khairunnazi
Published: June 2020

Kindergarten Education (TK) is a form of early childhood education, namely children aged four to six years. The purpose of kindergarten education is to lay the foundation towards the development of attitudes, knowledge, skills and creativity needed by children to adjust to the environment and their subsequent development into a literacy and numeracy school. To develop basic abilities of early childhood in reading and reading required interesting methods and make children interested in learning, so many books are available in bookstores with various colours and interesting shapes, but sometimes they also need to hear how to pronounce and hear what they learn independently. To develop their interest in learning independently in reading, writing and counting can be done by creating an M3 learning media application (reading, writing, counting) that they can access on a smartphone, with this learning media can make it easier for them to remember what they have heard and seen when accessing these learning media when playing Smartphone.
FACILITIES FOR ANIMAL FEED PRODUCTION AS SALMONELLA RESERVOIRS AND SOURCES OF FINAL PRODUCTS CONTAMINATION
Authors: Prunić Bojana , Milanov Dubravka , Mašić Aleksandar , Jakšić Sandra , Nešić Ksenija
Published: June 2020

Animal feed is the first link in the cycle “farm to fork” and the first potential place for entry of alimentary pathogens into the food chain. Specialattention is given to bacteria from the genus Salmonella due to significant health and economic concerns related to salmonellosis in both human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Animal feed can become infected with salmonella through contaminated raw materials of animal and plant origin, but contamination of final products can occur during processing and postprocessing in facilities for their production. The life cycle of Salmonella species occurs partly in higher organisms, and partly in the living environment. Their ubiquitous distribution and survival in the environment (outside the host organism) in soil, water, on plant matter as well as on various artificial materials is made possible by the formation of multicellular communities known as the biofilm. Biofilms are multicellular bacterial formations that are irreversibly adhered to surfaces, incorporated into the extracellular substance produced by themselves and which exhibit significantly different properties (biofilm phenotype) in relation to those that grow in the suspension (planktonic phenotype). One of the most important characteristics of biofilm phenotype is the increased bacterial resistance to various stress factors in the environment, including chemical and thermal treatments, and the mechanical cleaning and sanitation. By creating the biofilm, salmonella enables its survival and persistence for months or years on equipment and working surfaces in animal feed production facilities. Due to the ubiquitous distribution of Salmonella species in nature, and therefore on plant matter as the primary raw material for the production of animal feed, it is unlikely that Salmonella could be eradicated from the food chain. Control measures should be directed to the prevention of contamination.
EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL SITUATION OF АFRICAN SWINE FEVER IN EUROPE
Authors: Milićević Vesna , Radosavljević Vladimir , Veljović Ljubiša , Maksimović-Zorić Jelena , Radojičić Sonja
Published: June 2020

African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boar. Due to the very serious socioeconomic consequences, the disease isone of the most important ones nowadays. African swine fever is an enzootic disease in many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, in Sardinia, and TransCaucasus countries. Aft er its occurrence in Georgia in 2007, ASF spread to Armenia and Russian Federation, and in 2008. to Azerbaijan. Since then,its progressive moving toward the west has been recorded. Despite the number of undertaken preventive and control measures in the EuropeanUnion (EU), ASF has been still spreading. During 2017, the disease has been reported in domestic pigs in Estonia, Italy-Sardinia, Latvia, Lithuania,Poland, Romania, and Ukraine. ASF cases in domestic pigs have also been reported in Moldova in 2017. Th e number of diagnosed cases in wild boarin 2017 is much higher than in domestic pigs. ASF outbreak in wild boar in the Czech Republic well describes the possible viral „jump“ into a newregion. Th e source of infection hasn’t been confi rmed yet, but it is common that such leaps are due to either swill feeding or improperly disposal of food rather than to the animal movements. Since the lack of eff ective vaccine makes eradication even more diffi cult, the prevention of viral entry into the new areas is of the most importance. With the same aim, since 2011. the surveillance of ASF has been implemented in Serbia.
Prevalence of the giant liver fluke (fascioloides magna, bassi, 1875) in red deer (cervus elaphus) in the region of floodplain forests of northern Serbia
Authors: Mirčeta Jovan , Pelić Miloš , Božić Biljana , Petrović Jelena , Urošević Miroslav , Stankov Branislav , Bugarski Dejan
Published: June 2020

This is the first study offering insights into the prevalence of giant liver fluke in the population of red deer in the territory of Serbia. Giang liver fluke (Fascioloides magna, Bassi, 1875) is the most important liver parasite among wild ruminants in Europe, especially in the region of floodplain forests along the upper watercourse of Danube river. The main objective of this research was establishing the prevalence of giant liver fluke in the region of floodplain forests of northern Serbia. In the observed regions (hunting grounds), the population prevalence rates ranged from 0 to 80% with an average prevalence in positive herds being 70.6%. The total population of red deer, from the observed hunting grounds, exposed to the giant liver fluke includes 47.9% of red deer population in Serbia, which is 0.7% of the total hunting area of Serbia. Giant liver fluke is present in north-western regions of Serbia in a narrow area of floodplain forests along the watercourse of Danube and Sava rivers next to the border with Croatia. The red deers populating the wetland basin of “Gornje Podunavlje” migrate freely through the tri-border area of Hungary, Croatia and Serbia making a consistent epizootical unit. Moreover, the game migrates freely between Croatia and Serbia in the area of Posavina forests along the river Sava. All data obtained in this research are essential for further activities aimed at preventing the spread of this parasite within red deer population and thus decreasing consequent damages and losses.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WATER CONTENT IN HONEY PRODUCED IN DIFFERENT YEARS
Authors: Živkov Baloš Milica , Jakšić Sandra , Popov Nenad , Mihaljev Željko , Ljubojević Pelić Dragana
Published: June 2020

One hundred thirty-three honey samples of different floral origin from two different production years (2017 and 2018) from Serbia were examined in order to determine water content. The water content in honey affects physical, microbiological, sensory properties, and commercial value of honey. The water content in all examined honey samples produced in 2017 (56) was below maximum permissible level set by local regulations for honey. Out of the total of 77 tested honey samples that were produced in 2018, 3 samples (3.9%) did not comply with the provisions of the Regulation. By analysing honey samples originating from 2017, there was a significant difference between the water contents betwen linden honey and honeydew (p = 0.0027). The same result was obtained based on the water content in different honey types from the year 2018 (p = 0.00022). Using the F test, it has been shown that there is no significant difference in the water content between certain types of honey produced in these two years ( 2017 and 2018).
CLOSTRIDIUM TERTIUM ISOLATED FROM FEED
Authors: Milanov Dubravka , Đilas Milan , Velhner Maja , Aleksić Nevenka
Published: June 2020

Although Clostridium tertium is supposed to be a foodborne pathogen, the data on its detection in foodstuff s is scarce, and there are no reports on its isolation from feed. In this communication paper, the isolation of C. tertium from a sample of soya semolina is described. C. tertium may be importantin diff erential diagnosis, when it is to be distinguished from Clostridium perfringens. It is a unique species due to the lack of key characteristics of the genus it belongs to because it grows in the presence of oxygen and does not produce toxins. It has been well-documented as a human pathogen, although its mechanisms of pathogenicity are still unknown. According to sporadic reports in veterinary medicine, it has been identifi ed as a rare causative agent of infections in cattle, pigs, birds and marine mammals.
MYCOPLASMA SYNOVIAE INFECTION IN LAYERS: DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL MEASURES – A REVIEW
Authors: Kaboudi Khaled , Jbenyeni Adem
Published: June 2020

Mycoplasmas are widespread bacteria in domestic and wild birds. Among the important species in laying hen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae, are considered as an emergent pathogen in the last few years worldwide, causing considerable economic losses as a result of falling eggs and the decrease in egg quality. Transmission of M. synoviae occurs horizontally, more rapidly in multi-age sites, and vertically, leading to a decline in hatchability in breeding farms. The interaction between M. synoviae and the host’s immune system explains the immunosuppression induced by this pathogen. Inside the cell, M. synoviae can escape the immune system by implementing several mechanisms.Subclinical respiratory infection is oft en associated to M. synoviae. However, severe disease may be observed in the presence of other factors (respiratory viruses, stressors). The emergence of a new form of clinical manifestation of disease associated to M. synoviae infection has been described since the 2000s. Eggshell apex abnormalities of the produced eggs, associated to high risk of cracks and breakage, is described.The diagnosis of M. synoviae infection is based on various tests, including serology, culture and biomolecular methods. Control is based on theacquisition of free mycoplasma birds, biosecurity, regular monitoring and vaccination. Management of other risk factors is essential.
PREVALENCE OF HERPESVIRUS 1 IN SMALL HERDS IN SOUTHERN BAČKA AND SREM DISTRICT
Authors: Lazić Sava , Petrović Tamaš , Lupulović Diana , Bugarski Dejan , Pušić Ivan , Polaček Vladimir , Maljković Marko
Published: June 2020

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection (IBR/IPV virus) presents the most spread infection in nowadays cattle breeding. Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) may be an agent of serious health disorders causing great economic losses. Since the largest number of cattle in Southern Baåka and Srem district are raised in small herds (what may considerably influence effective implementation of program for control and eradication of BHV-1 infection) it was necessary to investigate the prevalence of BHV-1 infection in the cattle population in this area, what was the aim of this work. Detection and estimation of the presence and prevalence of BHV-1 was done by detection of specific antibodies against BHV-1 in sera samples of cattle raised individually or in small herds (up to 20 animals) collected during the State Program of Disease Control in 2005 and 2006. The sampling was randomly carried out taking care that the samples from all the settlements and municipalities in Southern Bačka and Srem were present. A total of 16,610 samples was collected. Animals seropositive for BHV-1 were detected in all municipalities, but not in all settlements. The highest percent of seropositive animals was found in Beočin municipality(27.27%), Titel municipality (27.16%), Žabalj (22.45%) and Stara Pazova municipality (22.15%). The lowest prevalence was in Bački Petrovac (8.16%) and Temerin municipalities (9.68%). In other municipalities the prevalence ranged between 10% and 20%. From the obtained results it can be concluded that BHV-1 infection was not present in 10 settlements in Southern Bačka and 14 settlements in Srem district. In other settlements (151) the percentage of seropositive animals ranged from 1 to 50%. However, if we analyze the obtained results in the area, it may be concluded that the prevalence is almost the same: in Srem district there were 18.42% and in Southern Bačka 18.79% seropositive animals. Low prevalence was detected in the majority of settlements. The data that in 24 settlements in both districts there were no seropositive animals His an encouraging information. This points on a possibility of easier and faster implementation of control measures and eradication of BHV-1 infection. The results obtained in serology examination provide us an insight in immunology status of small herds in Southern Bačka and Srem districts, what is a starting point in designing and implementing necessary measures with the aim to prevent cases of this disease, as well as its spreading and eradication.
AFLATOXIN EXCRETION THROUGH MILK
Authors: Živkov Baloš Milica , Mihaljev Željko , Kovačević Mira , Bugarski Dejan
Published: June 2020

In the period January to June 2006 the samples of feed were collected from feed factories in Southern Baåka and Srem district. The samples of raw milk and full mix were taken from 5 dairy farms. A total of 50 raw milk samples was examined. The samples were examined on the presence of aflatoxin B1 using the method of thin layer chromatography (TLC) and simultaneously, using ELISA tests. Milk samples were examined using immunoenzyme tests for the presence of aflatoxin M1. Aflatoxin content in all the examined feed and mix samples was below LOD (limit of detection) of TLC method, also this content was below MRL according to ELISA method. In total of 50 samples of raw milk, aflatoxin M1 was detected in two samples originating from different farms. Aflatoxin was detected in 7.5 ng/l, i.e. 10 ng/l respectively, what is considerably lower than MRL. Based on the obtained results it is considered that obligatory control of raw milk for the presence of aflatoxin is necessary.
ANTIBODY TITER AGAINST SPERMATOZOAL ANTIGENS OF BULLS IN BLOOD SERA OF COWS AND HEIFERS WITH DIFFERENT NUMBER OF INSEMINATION
Authors: Milovanović Aleksandar , Lazarević Miodrag , Kirovski Danijela , Jovičin Milovan , Barna Tomislav
Published: June 2020

In this paper are presented the results obtained by determining antibody titar of IgA and IgG class against spermatozoal antigens and extenders for bull’s semen using the method of indirect immunofluorescence in blood sera of cows and heifers. Spermatozoids, prepared for artificial insemination, were suspended in TRIS egg yolk and herbal „Biociphos+” extender. Animals were divided in four groups according to the number of total inseminations in their life: virgin heifers; cows and heifers inseminated 1-5 times; 6-10 times inseminated cows and cows inseminated more than 10 times. The obtained results clearly point that there is a system humoral response of the immune system towards spermatozoids and/or semen extender. Titers of total antisperm antibodies increase with the number of inseminations. This increase is a consequence of increased titer of antisperm antibodies of the IgA class. Obviously, antibodies against spermatozoids of the IgG class have no important influence.
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT – A PRACTICAL SOLUTION
Authors: Košarčić Slavica , Kovačević Mira , Plavša Nada
Published: June 2020

Management of animal waste, originating from agriculture and food production, has to be disposed in a safe, financially justified manner and practical solutions which are in accordance to EU regulations, have to be applied. According to the Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 animal waste is categorized in three categories. Categorization of the waste is a precondition for proper and harmless treatment of waste from the aspect of public health and protection of the environment. The first category consists of dangerous matters that are disposed in an incinerator at 1200oC. The second and third category may be used in processing or in production of biogas and compost, but according to the prescribed procedures. This paper presents a practical solution in processing of animal waste of all three categories: building a composting facility and an incinerator. The composting facility consists of covered concrete plateau, boxes for composting, area for keeping the compost, roads for mechanization, premises for maintaining hygiene of workers, space for incinerator and a fence with a gate. This facility should be built according to the previously designed construction project. Safe management of animal waste is, according to this suggestion, possible because biodegradation is carried out by the help of commercial heterotrophic microorganisms and plants distributed in layers. Compost, originating from the litter on farms, is mixed with the compost that originates from animal waste. The obtained compost has to be analyzed on pathogen microorganisms and pedology composition and than used in crop production. It was concluded that this way of animal waste is safe, financially justified and according to the European regulations.
ACTUAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN BULGARIAN PIG INDUSTRY
Authors: Mortrovski Angel , Nedelchev Nedelcho , Kardzhov Stoil
Published: June 2020

At the moment the most important diseases for Bulgarian pig industry are classical swine fever and Aujeszky’s disease in respect of which we are obliged to meet the require ments of the European Union (EU) as well as Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and Porcine circovirus type 2, which cause big losses on pig farms. According to the experts on pig diseases we are now in the era of multifactorial diseases. The emergence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and porcine cyrcovirus type 2 (PCV2) in the last 15 years also lead to alteration of the pig pathology and increased the importance of multifactor diseases. Also, the diseases important for pig production in Bulgaria are the diseases: porcine parvovirus (PPV), swine influenca virus (SIV), Mycoplasma hyopneumonia (M hyo) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), the infections that of ten joined with above mentioned caus ative agents.
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACES AND EQUIPMENT IN THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE WIHT LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
Authors: Ivanović Snežana , Žutić Milenko , Radinović Oliver
Published: June 2020

Listeriosis is an infective disease of many animals and humans (zoonosis). Clinically it is manifested in various forms, mostly as abortion and meningitis. The cause is Listeria monocytognes. It is an ubiquitar bacteri, found in over than 40 mam mals, 20 bird species, several fish species and insects. After infection, clinical symptoms are some times not diagnosed and the animals arrive in slaughter house as healthy animals (unapparent infection). When animals, in this case goats, arrive for slaughter, the cause of the disease can be transmitted on the equipment and possibly on meat. In our examination, immediately after slaughter of clinically healthy goats, 20 swabs were taken from the bottom of trolleys for placing of the organs, 5 swabs from knives (between glade and grip) and 20 swabs from the floor. Three days af ter slaughter, 10 swabs were taken again from floor (from ten different places) and from the bottom of trollies (20 swabs) where the intestine and uterus were placed. The swabs were incubated in selective, enriched broth refrigerated at 5-8°C. On the third and seventh day they were inoculated on blood agar (5% sheep blood), Columbia (Himedia) and MacConkey agar (Biomedics) and incubated under the temperature of 37°C for 24-48 hours. the suspect colonies from blood and Columbia agar were controlled microscopically and, because of getting pure culture, re-cultivated on the same media. For examination of biochemical activity, commercial tests were used. For the identification BBL Crys tal G/P ID kit was used. Listeria monocytogenes was iso lated from two floor swabs, one knife swab and from two swabs from trollies. Except the one from floor, each isolate of Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the broth inoculated for seven days. Listeria monocytogenes was iso lated from two floor swabs three days after slaughter. These isolates were isolated from the broth inoculated for seven days. Our finding shows the possibility of in direct transmission of Listeria monocytogenes on meat.
MODERN LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS APPLICATION
Authors: Petrović Tamaš , Velhner Maja , Petrović Jelena , Stojanov Igor , Grgić Živoslav , Lazić Sava
Published: June 2020

One of the greatest challenges of modern laboratory diagnosis is the selection of methods for fast, highly sensitive and specific detection of the infective agents. This challenge is present also in molecular diagnosing of causative agents in veterinary medicine. An example of molecular detection, the application of molecular diagnostic methods and procedures in the epizootiology of some viral infections is presented in the paper. The molecular methods play an important role in virus detection and surveillance. Out of a large number of molecular methods most frequently used are classical gel-based PCR (PCR, RT-PCR and nested PCR) and real-time PCR or RT-PCR techniques. Due to highly specificity and sensitivity these methods have been introduced as internationally recognized methods for virus detection in clinical materials. The advantage of the aforementioned molecular methods is that they are very fast and highly sensitive, and able to analyse a high number of samples. The obtained results may be used in molecular epizootiology, possibly for differentiation of filed isolates and vaccine virus strains, and for examining the samples not suitable for virus isolation. Alongside, these methods provide accurate quantification of viral particles in sample material. The detection with high sensitivity and specificity is of utmost importance in detection and typisation of the agents of highly contagious diseases and zoonoses. An example of rapid detection and sensitivity of RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR in detection and characterization of avian influenza virus in clinical material as well as BVD virus in native bull semen is presented. Besides, molecular methods may be used for other purposes. Genome fragments amplified by PCR and RT-PCR, may be sequenced and used for classification, i.e. for virus isolate genotypisation. The results obtained in this way may be used for basic molecular research in epizootiology, that will point on the source of infections, their correlation and the prevalence of the causative agents what can help in finding the answer to the question why the diseases have occurred and what are the perspective for diseases outcome in the future. Also, these examination may help in determining pathogenicity, virulence and the spread of the pathogen agents. These information are of immeasurable importance for all the procedures in disease prevention and control. The possibilities of sequencing, molecular typisation and epizootiology of BVD virus and CSF virus isolated in Vojvodina in the last years are given as an example how this method can be used.
CURRENT APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSIS OF PARATUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE
Authors: Vidić Branka , Grgić Živoslav , Savić Sara , Milanov Dubravka , Prica Nadežda
Published: June 2020

Diagnostics of paratuberculosis aims at two goals: first, monitoring the herd, and second, reliable identification of positive animals. Bovine paratuberculosis is diagnosed by the application of direct methods, i.e. by identification of the agent, or indirectly by measuring immunology response. The relevance of a diagnostic method is determined by the stage of the disease in animal. Direct identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a feces sample is limited by the fact of small number of secreted bacteria by intermitent secretion. Bacteriological examination of feces is a valuable diagnostic procedure for detection of animals with clinical symptoms and the animals with subclinical manifestation. Direct identification of MAP in feces and organ samples using PCR method considerably shortens the time for proving the evidence of a disease. The indirect methods for proving the prevalence are complicated and limited. ELISA assay is considered the method of choice for diagnosis of paratuberculosis due to its rapidity and relatively low costs. Despite continual and numerous research, the problem of detecting subclinical infection has not been solved yet especially in the herds with low prevalence of positive animals. Numerous efforts of researches have been done in order to improve the current methods and develop new diagnostic procedures for diagnosis of paratuberculosis. However, already now the control of the disease is possible due to the combination of regular diagnostic through sanitary measures and identification of the infected animals.
LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF CURRENT INFECTIOUS DISEASES ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Authors: Lazić Sava , Petrović Tamaš , Velhner Maja , Milanov Dubravka , Savić Sara , Vidić Branka
Published: June 2020

One of the greatest challenges of modern laboratory diagnostic is selection of methods and procedures for fast and reliable diagnostic. Contemporary laboratory diagnostic is faced with the request to develop the technologies for rapid detection of agents and identification of biological features, as for example pathogenicity, group affiliation, sensitivity, or even genetic sequencing. Beside the aforementioned requests, laboratory diagnostic must implement numerous international standards and apply the principles of good laboratory practice. By compliance to international standards, i.e. good laboratory practice, laboratory diagnostic has considerably been improved, especially regarding the validity of the obtained results. With the aim to improve laboratory diagnostic of infectious diseases in veterinary medicine, this paper presents the demands of the standard SRPS ISO/IEC 17025:2006 (General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories), SRPS ISO 15189:2008 (Medical Laboratories – Particular Requirements for Quality and Competence) as well as the demands of World Organization for Animal Health (O.I.E). Implementation of these standards is presented through the procedures of laboratory diagnostic of most important bacterial and viral animal infections on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. This paper presents the demands regarding the reference material, equipment, workspace and staff, for the laboratory diagnostic of the following diseases: anthrax, leptospirosis, paratuberculosis, Q fever, chlamydiosis, tuberculosis, mycoplasmosis, brucellosis, listeriosis, pasteureliosis, salmonellosis, clostridiosis, Aujeszky’s disease, blue tongue, rabies, infectious bronchitis in poultry, influenza, atypical poultry plague, infectious bursitis, Mareck’s disease, bovine viral diarrhea, enzootic bovine leukosis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, equine infectious anemia, equine rhinopneumonitis, equine viral arteritis, maedi-visna, classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.
MECHANISMS OF INCREASED RESISTANCE OF BACTERIA TO ANTIMICROBIALS IN BIOFILM
Authors: Milanov Dubravka , Čubrak Nataša , Petrović Jelena , Lazić Sava
Published: June 2020

The most striking advantage of bacteria residing in biofilm is enhanced resistance to biocide including antibiotics and disinfectants. Biocides are 100% efficient in killing cells in suspension but there are not efficient in destroying bacteria from biofilm community. Mechanisms of increased resistance of bacteria in biofilm to antibiotics is not understood. Some factors alone or in combination are considered to be responsible such as restricted penetration of antibiotics into a biofilm, slow growth rate of biofilm cells, possible expression of certain resistance genes, increased rate of genetic transfer. The standard test for estimating the minimum bactericidal and minimum inhibitory concentration is not applicable for bacteria grown in biofilm. Nowadays, the apparatus for determination of Minimal Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) has been developed. Determining MBEC helps to select appropriate antibiotics for patient treatment, to identify new antimicrobials targeting biofilm and to track the possible future development of antibiotic resistance against biofilm drugs.
THERAPEUTICAL USAGE OF FLUOROQUINOLONES IN POULTRY PRODUCTION INFLUENCE ON MEAT SAFETY – RESIDUES IN EDIBLE TISSUES
Authors: Petrović Jelena , Šepernada Marcela , Stefanović S. , Baltić M. Ž. , Ratajac Radomir , Apić Jelena
Published: June 2020

Current most important side effects of antimicrobial drugs usage are veterinary drug residues in edible animal tissues and development of resistance in food borne pathogens. Enrofloxacine and flumequine are fluoroquinolone antimicrobials licensed in Serbia for use in poultry treatment. Elimination of health risk for consumers is usually made by examination of the target tissue residues of flumequine and enrofloxacine (with its main metabolite ciprofloxacine). After correct application of enrofloxacine and flumequine tissue residue levels descrease to permitted quantities (below MRL) (Maximum Residue Limit) in prescribed withdrawal period. But even after expiration of withdrawal period residues of enrofloxacine are still present in edible animal tissues. Residues of enrofloxacine below MRL can be detected in meat nine days after the end of treatment, however, residues in liver are present much longer. The residues were detected in liver until 22nd post treatment day.
SEROPREVALENCE OF BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (BRSV) IN VOJVODINA
Authors: Bugarski Dejan , Petrović Tamaš , Milanov Dubravka , Lazić Sava
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the results of serological examination of respiratory infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) on dairy farms and cattle feedlots in Vojvodina. Seropositive animals were detected on all examined farms. The seroprevalence differed depending on the age of examined animals, i.e. of animal production group. For dairy cattle seroprevalence was the lowest in calves aged about 3.5 months, and in animals older than 1 year it was 100%. In the calves between 30 and 70 days of age, when pneumonia was frequent, seroconversion was not detected. Upon the arrival of new calves in feedlots seroprevalence was 22.89%. The number of seropositive animals during the fattening period increased, so after reconvalescence of clinical pneumonia, 90% of animals were seropositive, and 96.43% at the end of fattening period. This investigation detected prevalence of BRSV and its importance in the etiology of pneumonia, especially in feedlots.
CANINE VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOSES IN VOJVODINA
Authors: Savić Sara , Vidić Branka , Grgić Živoslav , Jurišić Aleksandar , Ćurčić Vladimir , Ružić Maja , Lolić Zoran
Published: June 2020

Research on vectors and zoonozes in Serbia has been going on for more than a decade now. Due to the climate changes during the last years, the presence of vectors has changed and also the presence of zoonotic agents inside them has changed, too. Vectors that can be found are ticks, mosquitoes, flies, etc. Ticks that can be found in Vojvodina are Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Haemaphysalis punctata. The most common diseases known as tick borne in Vojvodina are piroplasmosis, Q fever and Lyme disease. The study done recently has shown that the presence of ticks can be found throughout the whole year in Northern part of Serbia (Vojvodina province). During the last five years different surveys have shown that ticks in Serbia are infected with B. burgdorferi s.l. at a rate of 25-30%, depending on the region. Also, a number of clinical cases of Lyme disease has been registered in humans and dogs. The percentage of ticks infected with B. burgdorferi s.l. in the province of Vojvodina ranges from 25-28%. An analysis of ticks in selected urban regions performed during a three-year period revealed an infection rate of 25%. During the three-year study period, a total of 1224 ticks were collected from different locations in Vojvodina. The dominant species was Ixodes ricinus, accounting for 62% of all collected ticks. Mosquitoes are another vectors that can be found in Vojvodina very often during the warm period of the year (June-October). Diseases that they can carried are blue tongue disease, equine infectious anemia, dirofilariosis in humans and dogs, etc. Diagnostic of dirofilariosis in Serbia begun some 4 years ago when Dirofilaria were found (Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens) in dogs and later on in humans. First cases of dirofilariosis were found in dogs during the autopsy as a side finding. The presence of Phlebotominae has been detected in southern Serbia long time ago and they are known as vectors for leishmaniosis. Their presence has still not been detected in Vojvodina. Three years ago ago several dogs were found with clinical signs (epistaxys, cachexia, pale mucosa, skin leisures, blindness, lethargy) and seropositive finding for leishmaniosis in the central part of Serbia and Vojvodina. At first, all of the dogs were infected abroad, but since 2010, few dogs have been found that have never left their homes. During the period 2008-2010 in Scientific Veterinary Institute „Novi Sad“ 23 dogs vere examined for the presence of antibodies against leishmania by ELISA serological method.