bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Major Agronomical Research Works at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal: A Review
Authors: Amgain LP , Timsina J
Published: August 2018

The Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS) under Tribhuvan University (TU) has been conducting various disciplinary and system research works, and publishing the findings through the IAAS Journal, IAAS Research Reports, and Nepalese Journal of Agriculture for over 25 years. A literature review was done to appraise the agronomical research works on major field crops and cropping systems at IAAS, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The objectives were to summarize the results of various agronomic research works at the institute to determine the extent and causes of yield gaps of major crops, and to identify the future research priorities. The review revealed that the on-station research at IAAS in the past were conducted on 14 crops, on maize-and wheat-based systems and on 5 major themes. The main themes of research in most crops were varietal evaluation and breeding, crop management, soil management, weed management and pest management though in some crops research was conducted on other themes too. A total of 81 studies were conducted on various crops, of which 48 were on cereals, 14 on legumes, 10 on oilseed crops, and 6 on potato. There were 2 studies on wheat-based and a single study on maize-based systems. Average potential yields of rice, maize and wheat were 5.5, 4.4 and 5.0 t/ha, while research station yields and farmers' field yields of these crops were 3.4, 3.3 and 3.5 t/ha and 2.7, 1.8 and 1.9 t/ha, respectively, in Chitwan. The yield gaps between the potential and farmers' field for those crops were 2.76, 2.58 and 3.15 t/ha, while those between potential and research station yields were 2.1, 1.1 and 1.53 t/ha, respectively. The gaps between research station and farmers' field yields were much smaller in rice (0.66 t/ha) than in maize (1.48 t/ha) and wheat (1.62 t/ha). The results suggest that there is a great scope to raise yields of all cereals in farmers’ fields, more so for wheat and maize than for rice. Improved agronomical research on rice varieties and crop and soil management required to reduce the yield gap for rice, while adoption of recommended technologies by farmers would help reduce yield gap in wheat. For soybean, lentil, and potato, the gap between potential and farmers’ yields is much larger than the other yield gaps suggesting large scope for increase in yields in farmers’ fields through both improved management and improved varieties. Innovative and new researches on eco-region suited variety identification, improved crop and soil management, improved water and N management and on agro-meteorology and crop modeling are suggested as priorities for future research to uplift the productivity and reduce yield gaps of major crops in Chitwan district of Nepal.

Key words: Field crops, on-station research, on-farm research, crop productivity, yield gap analysis

J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:1-20 (2005)
Comparative Study on the Adoption of Improved Beekeeping Technology for Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Bhusal SJ , Thapa RB
Published: August 2018

Adoption of improved beekeeping practices was compared between the mobilized (Pragatinagar VDC) and non-mobilized (Makar VDC) farmers’ groups (n = 14 in each VDC) of Nawalparasi district using semistructured questionnaire survey after introducing improved beekeeping practices during 2002/2003. Majority of the households (82.4%) from mobilized group practiced beekeeping enterprise of which 80.6% followed improved practices with adoption index of 77.44% while from non-mobilized group only 56.0% adopted beekeeping enterprise and 68.4% followed improved beekeeping practices only with the adoption index of 58.73%. Annual honey yield per colony was significantly higher among mobilized farmers’ group (25.6 kg earning NRs 25,657.14) than that of non-mobilized farmers’ group (15.6 kg earning NRs 10,364.29). Women involvement was low in enterprise development and adoption in both VDCs (31.8% and 50.0% in mobilized VDC; and 35.7% and 48.2% in non-mobilized VDC). Therefore, transfer of improved technology to subsistence farmers emphasizing women through social mobilization could help generate income and alleviate poverty.

Key words: Beekeeping, social mobilization, adoption index, gender, income

J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:117-125 (2005)
Critical Appraisal of Management Practices in Nepalese Guava Orchards
Authors: Shrestha AK
Published: August 2018

A survey was conducted to appraise the guava farming in Nepal with respect to the orchard management practices, cultivar status and major production constraints during July- December 2001. Guava plantation was extensively distributed throughout terai, inner terai and mid hill districts ranging in altitude from 115 masl to 1600 masl. Indian varieties dominated the guava plantation in Nepal although mix population of both improved and local cultivars was reported in majority of orchards. Preponderance of seedling origin guava plantation was noticed. The management practices were poor. Over 80% of the orchards received neither FYM nor chemical fertilizer. Similarly, more than 90% of the orchards were under rainfed condition. The peak period of flowering was reported during April/May followed by Feb/March that may extend up to June/July. As a consequence, the fruit availability period is mainly restricted to four months, i.e. July/ August to Oct/Nov. Most of the growers pointed out guava wilt as the main biotic constraint in guava production. The outcomes indicted the urgent need to adopt the effective control measures against the guava wilt malady to flourish guava enterprise in Nepal. Furthermore, off-season production of guava fruit has the great potential in Nepalese market.

Key words: cultivar, guava wilt, orchard, Psidium guajava

J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:127-133 (2005)
Pollen Collection and Brood Production by Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) under Chitwan Condition of Nepal
Authors: Neupane KR , Thapa RB
Published: August 2018

A study was carried out to investigate pollen foraging, storage and its impact on Apis mellifera L brood production throughout the year under Terai condition of Nepal in 2003-2005. Number of pollen foragers, amount of pollen stored as beebread and brood in the colony differed significantly during different seasons. Number of pollen foragers (117.5 bees/ hive/ 5 min) and amount of pollen as beebread (2439.0 gm/hive) and number of brood (14787.2 brood cells/hive) were the highest during spring season, while the lowest number of pollen foragers (38.1 bees/ hive/5 min.) stored the lowest amount of beebread or pollen store (152.5 gm /hive) and produced the lowest number of brood (3811.7 brood cells/ hive) and bees in rainy season. Autumn, winter and summer seasons were normal for pollen collection and brood production, while starvation and nutritional deficiencies due to the acute shortage of pollen in rainy season was the major reason to decline or collapse the bee population before the honey flow season. Therefore, feeding bees with adequate amount of nutritionally rich pollen during rainy season is essential to maintain a healthy and strong bee colony for the production of higher honey and other hive products.

Key words: Honeybees, foraging, pollen, brood, Apis mellifera

J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26: 143-148 (2005)
Honeybees and other Insect Pollinators of Cultivated Plants: A Review
Authors: Thapa RB
Published: August 2018

Insects are viewed from the harmful perspectives and aimed at killing them through several means including indiscriminate use of deadly chemicals. If good judgment made keeping views on sustainable crop production, natural balance and pollution free environment, they are important component of the ecosystem and their beneficial aspects are immense. One of them is that insects provide pollination service to plants. The study showed that over 50 species of insects visited flowers of 17 different species of selected crops during flowering periods. The visiting preferences of insects to flowers of different crops differed among the crop species and insect species as well. In fact, of the total pollination activities, over 80% is performed by insects and bees contribute nearly 80% of the total insect pollination, and therefore, they are considered the best pollinators. The manmade agro-ecosystem exerted pressure and forced to decline pollinators and their diversity, which resulted in reduced agricultural productivity again threatening biodiversity. Management of wide diversities of honeybees and other beneficial insects and flowering plant species occurring in Nepal help to maintain diversity of flora and bee fauna, pollination and reward hive products in the service of mankind. This paper covers honeybees and other insect species visiting various crop flowers.

Key words : Pollination, honeybees, insect, flower visitors

J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:1-23 (2006)
Cytogenetic Effects of Gamma Rays on Indica Rice Radha-4
Authors: Basi S , Subedi LP , KC GB , Adhikari NR
Published: August 2018

The present study was conducted to understand the effects of different doses of radiations by gamma rays of Co60 on cytogenetics of indica rice, Radha-4 at the Central Lab, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Nepal. The immature PMC of M1 generation plants were analyzed performing the usual smearing and squashing technique. Radiation had a significant effect causing different types of cytogenetic aberrations, such as univalent and multivalent association of chromosomes, chromatin-bridges, laggards, fragments, stickiness, and multinucleated cells. An increasing number of aberrant cells with increasing dose of radiation was identified. The greatest share of aberration was identified due to multivalent association as a result of translocation followed by bridges and laggards, and the least effect for the stickiness of the chromosomes. Finally, 35 KR doses of gamma rays was the most potent dose inducing cytogenetic aberrations in meiotic pollen mother cell of rice compared to other dose spectrum.J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:25-36 (2006)
Efficacy of Indigenous Plant Materials and Modified Storage Structures to Insect Pests of Maize Seed During On-Farm Storage
Authors: GC YD
Published: August 2018

Four different modified storage structures such as bamboo mat with mud plastering, jute bag with inner plastic lining, metal bins and kuniyu (control treatment) were evaluated for their suitability for maize seed storage for eleventh months in 2001 at Rising Patan (450 m asl) and Budhakot (911 m asl) of western Nepal. Forty adults maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamays Mostachusky) per storage structures were inoculated before treating them with individual plant materials and chemical pesticides. Plant materials and safe chemical pesticides such as timur (Xanthophylum sp.) 25 g/kg, bojho (Acorus calamusI L.) 50 g/kg, common salt 50 g/ kg, acetallic super 1 mg/kg and aluminum phosphide 0.5 tab/10 kg (chemical check) were applied in the individual treatments. The experiments were evaluated into factorial design. Quality assessment and insect pests infestation of maize seeds in storage structures have revealed, metal bin and jute bag with inner plastic lining were the best storage structures. Metal bin was found superior in terms of its ability to give 91% germination within six months of storage followed by jute bag (88 %) and bamboo mat (73.50%). Similarly, bojho has given very effective control to maize weevil, where the infestation was only 2.25% during the period of nine months of storage. In this regard, bojho can be recommended as effective plant material to control weevils at par with acetallic super, whereas, the common salt did not work at all.

Key words: Bojho, germination, maize seed storage, maize weevil, storage structures

J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:69-76 (2006)
Foraging Preference of Giant Honeybee, Apis dorsata F., to Selected Horticultural Crops
Authors: Neupane KR , Dhakal DD , Thapa RB , Gautam DM
Published: August 2018

Foraging preference of giant honeybee, Apis dorsata Fab. to selected horticultural crops, litchi, Litchi chinensis Sonner, lemon, Citrus limon (Lin.) Burm. f., bottlebrush, Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels, cucumber, Cucumis sativus Lin., radish, Raphanus sativus Lin., and summer squash, Cucurbita pepo L., was studied during their blooming time at IAAS, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, 2001. The flowering of all six species of experimental plants started in the first week of March and lasted for two months with a peak flowering from 15 March to 5 April. Foraging preference of bees at 7.30, and 11.00 am and 3.00 pm and 5.30 pm during early, mid and late periods of flowering was assessed. Honeybees foraging at different times of day during early, mid and late flowering periods differed significantly. The highest mean number (8.04/min/m2) of A. dorsata workers was recorded on bottle brush flowers at 7.30 am during early flowering period followed by litchi, summer squash and the lowest (0.25/min/m2) on citrus at 5.30 pm during late flowering period. The bees never visited to the flowers of radish and cucumber. Pollen was preferentially collected from bottlebrush, summer squash and citrus in the morning and nectar from litchi and bottlebrush flowers throughout the day. Pollen foragers spent less time (2.9±1 sec/flower) and visited more flowers (17.9±6/min) when bees collected both pollen and nectar from the same plant. The number of outgoing and incoming foragers were the highest (59.0±14, 44.0±15/min/colony) at 7.30 am during mid flowering period and the lowest (17.6±7, 17.0±2/min/colony) at 5.30 pm during late flowering period, respectively.

Key words: Foraging preference, Apis dorsata, horticultural crops

J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:87-92 (2006)
Survey of Banana Stem Weevil, Odoiporus longicollis (Oliv.) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in Nepal
Authors: Tiwari S , Thapa RB , Gautam DM , Shrestha SK
Published: August 2018

A survey was conducted randomly selecting 50 banana growers- ten each from Kailali, Morang, Tanahun, Nawalparasi, and Chitwan districts to identify banana farming practices. The semi-structured questionnaire was prepared, pre-tested, improved and data collected by face-to-face interview. The survey revealed that majorities were males (56.5%) with average family size of 5.74 under 15-59 years age, having landholding of 2.07 ha/family, over three-forth of land with irrigation facility. The use of poor suckers, poor crop management practices and heavy uses of chemical pesticides were the causal factors for the weevil infestation in more than five months old banana orchard, particularly in summer seasons. For its management, agro-vet (74.0%) and neighborhood (44.0%) played a significant role in selling chemicals and information sharing. Majority of the farmers were familiar about pesticide label, precaution measures and harmful aspects of chemical pesticides with the least emphasis on clean cultivation and biological control. Based on the study, field sanitation and pseudostem trapping utilizing indigenous materials can be useful for the sustainable management of banana stem weevil.

Key words: Odoiporus longicollis, field survey, banana orchard

J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:127-131 (2006)
Symptom evolution in rice genotypes under iron toxicity conditions
Authors: Shrestha R. K. , Becker M.
Published: August 2018

A greenhouse study was conducted in the University of Bonn, Germany during July-September, 2009 to comparatively evaluate six contrasting lowland rice genotypes, viz. IR31785, Nipponbare, WAS161, CK73, TOX3107 and Pokkali at increasing rates of Fe (II) under both dry and moist atmospheric conditions. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture for 35-days and subjected to 4-day Fe(II) pulses of 5 (control), 500, 1000 and 1500 mg Fe2+ L-1 under conditions of low (0.3Kpa) and high (2.4 Kpa) vapor pressure deficit. Rice genotypes expressed earlier and intense leaf bronzing symptoms with increasing Fe2+ stress and as the atmosphere became drier. However, genotypes significantly differed with regards to their response to iron stress. Some of the genotypes were able to maintain low leaf bronzing symptoms under higher level of iron stress and high vapor pressure deficit condition.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science.Vol. 33-34, 2015, Page: 147-150
Marker assisted screening of Nepalese wheat genotypes and advanced lines for resistance to different races of wheat rust species
Authors: Sharma S. , Ghimire S. K. , Niroula R. K. , Ojha B. R. , Thapa D. B.
Published: August 2018

Primers tightly linked to genes of interest are valuable tools in rust resistant wheat breeding. A research was conducted with the objective to detect the source of rust resistant genes and further utilize as an important weapon in gene pyramiding. A total of forty gene-specific primer sets consisting of Lr, Yr and Sr associated gene specific markers were applied for screening thirty wheat genotypes. Based on the value of band size, the presence of concerned resistance gene was predicted and binary scoring was done for further analysis. Softwares Genealex and NTSYSpc2.1 were applied for detail analysis. Some genes like Lr29, Lr51, YrCH42, Sr36, etc. were detected in many of the tested genotypes but some genes like Lr47, Sr39, Sr24 were absent in tested lines. Among tested genotypes, Chyakhura-1 possesses highest number of rust resistant genes and Annapurna-4 bears lowest number of genes. Highest value of Jaccard coefficient was obtained between genotypes Danphe-1 and Danphe-2 (0.87) showing their greatest resemblance. UPGMA dendrogram grouped thirty genotypes into distinct four clusters. Percentage of Polymorphic loci was 88.57 and grand mean of observed heterozygosity (Ho) was found to be 0.193 (S.E 0.057).Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science.Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 165-175
Determinants of smallholders’ adoption of off-season vegetable production technology in Okhaldhunga District of Nepal
Authors: Kunwar B. , Dhakal D. , Panta H. K.
Published: August 2018

Mid-hills of Nepal is potential for off-season vegetable production but still the number of off-season vegetable growers is few and production is nominal which cannot even fulfill the internal demand. This paper examines the factors that influence farm households’ decisions for adoption of off-season vegetable production. Household questionnaires were administered to 100 farmers of Okhaldhunga district of Eastern mid-hill of Nepal. Probit regression model is used to determine the factors. The result showed that years of schooling, years of vegetable production, access to extension services, training received are the factors that significantly influence technology adoption decisions of farm households’ in the study area. It is concluded that farm households’ off-season vegetable production depend on socioeconomic characteristics of farm household and institutional effectiveness. We recommend that policies should be formulated to take advantage of factors that positively influence farmers’ adoption decisions and to mitigate the negative ones.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science.Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 221-228
Evaluation of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on performance of Pak choi (Brassica rapa cv. Hong Tae) and soil biological process
Authors: Tripathi K. M. , Dhakal D. D. , Sah S. C. , Baral D. R. , Sharma M. D.
Published: August 2018

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on the performance of Pak choi (Brassica rapa CV. Hong Tae) in Chitwan Nepal during November 2012 to January 2013. Four levels of vermicompost (0, 5, 10 and 15 t/ha) and four levels of NPK equivalent in the form of inorganic fertilizer (100, 50, 25 and 0% of recommended doses of 100:60:60 Kg/ha) in 16 combinations were assessed for yield, yield contributing parameters of Pak choi and microbial activities of soil. All levels of chemical fertilizers increased plant height, leaf number and chlorophyll content of leaves but they had no effect in increasing root length. Chemical fertilizers at 100:60:60 kg NPK/ha increased biological and economic yield of Pak choi. However, all levels of chemical fertilizers were found strongly suppressing in soil microbial activities. Vermicompost on the other hand increased root length, leaf number, biological and economic yield and more significantly increased soil microbial activities resulting in increased level of soil respiration. Chemical fertilizers were effective in increasing plant growth but suppressed microbial activities of soil. Vermicompost on the other hand was effective in long run through slow release of plant nutrients and improving soil health by increased soil microbial activities.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science. Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 243-250
Estimation of genetic parameters of litter weights of Khari goats and their response towards different non-genetic factors under low input management system in Nawalparasi, Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai N. , Kolachhapati M. R. , Devkota N. R. , Thakur U. C. , Neopane S. P.
Published: August 2018

Accurate estimates of genetic parameters are important for genetic improvement in Khari goats. In this regard, altogether 1005 adult does of Khari goat in Deurali VDC, Nawalparasi were evaluated in terms of litter weight at birth (LWB) and litter weight at weaning (LWW) and their genetic parameters from February, 2012 to January 2015. Least square means (LSM) and standard errors of the mean (SEM) for these traits were determined with respect to some non-genetic factors such as altitude, season of conception, season of kidding, dam’s parity, dam’s size at conception, and birth type. Accordingly, Overall LSM±SE of LWB and LWW in present study were determined 3.97±0.06 and 18.21±0.34 Kgs., respectively. Where, LWB did not differed significantly with altitude and dam’s parity, however, it was significantly influenced (p<0.001) by the season of conception, season of kidding, dam’s size at conception, and birth type. Similarly, LWW was significantly varied with respect to altitude (p<0.01), season of conception (<0.001), season of kidding (<0.05), dam’s parity (<0.001), dam’s size at conception (<0.001), and birth type (<0.001). Moderately high heritability estimates of LWB (0.52±0.16) and LWW (0.56±0.17) indicated that these traits were under the strong influence of additive genes and selection based the superiority of individual doe would be appropriate for successful genetic improvement. Highly significant positive genetic (rA=0.95) and phenotypic correlation (rP=0.91) between LWB and LWW suggested that selection for any of these trait would result in considerable positive change in other trait. More specifically, LWB can be used as a guide to select replacement does targeting to increased LWW within the herd. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science.Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 251-258
Analysing dairy business value chains in far-western terai districts of Nepal
Authors: Bhandari T.
Published: August 2018

Dairy sub-sector is recognized as fast growing profitable agro-business in far-western Terai districts but past studies to support that statement is lacking. The field survey was conducted from February to April 2012 with the aim to analyse business capabilities of operational service providers, investigating value chain analysis and market analysis of the overall milk business. The study collected primary information from 103 respondents by applying multi-stakeholder discussions along with constraint-opportunity analysis. The identified value chain functions were: input supply, milk production, collection, chilling, processing, trading and consumption. The major business stakeholders included 28 private dairies, 34 milk producing cooperatives,7 chilling centres, Dhangadhi Milk Supply Scheme, 25 milk vendors, 44 sweet houses, and more than 100 hotels and restaurants which were transacting 20800 tons equals milk and milk products. Value margin analysis revealed that milk producers were earning higher profit in comparison to the additional cost required for product transformation. Nevertheless, accounting dominance of services offered ultimately on market functions, private dairies were capturing higher profit margins through retailing short shelf-life products disposing through local market outlets. Gross margin analysis on few dairy products sold by the private dairies revealed that selling curd, paneer, Khoa, and ice cream were respectively two times, five times and twenty times profitable, than the selling standard milk. The market analysis indicated 26 percent higher supply of milk in flush season months to the end market outlets. The leverage point of future interventions were: immediate need of preparing at and working upon dairy business plan in coordination across value chains actors, strengthening backward linkage particularly input and production management, and encouraging to manufacture long shelf-life dairy products.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science. Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 269-281
TAX INSTRUMENTS FOR ENSURING THE INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Poznanska I.V.
Published: August 2018

The shipping industry occupies an important place in the economy of many countries, plays a significant role in the development of related industries, creates favorable conditions for the functioning of others and is an element of the formation of economic security and the image of the country. Therefore, many countries use tax incentives to stimulate investment, and the economic crisis has encouraged some of them to increase such incentives. But the availability of tax privileges and special modes is constantly changing. Coupled with a decline in government revenues, an increase in the economic value of multinational companies and various forms of globalization, the OECD countries were forced to reconsider various types of tax regimes that could lead to a low tax rate for companies operating international freight and passenger transport, which also affects tax shipping modes. The largest difference between the shipping industry and other industries is the large degree of its internationalization. This feature creates conditions for the formation of a specific institutional component of the development of navigation, such as tax legislation, which is rapidly changing and requires a detailed study. The article gives an overview of the tax regimes applicable in international shipping, examining the benefits of tax treaties and tax liabilities of non-resident taxpayers whose activities fall under the term "international trade". The general laws are determined and differences in taxation are analyzed for the shipping industry. Three categories of tax regimes are considered: means of taxation of tonnage (in Dutch and Greek models); modes of stimulating the development of navigation (by narrowing the tax base, reducing the tax rate or providing a full tax benefit); favorable tax regimes that do not provide for special exemptions for the shipping industry. It is proposed to reconsider traditional approaches and use new opportunities for the formation of the shipping company's profit, as well as to create more favorable conditions for the operation of shipping companies by increasing tax incentives.
The Relationship between the Ownership Structure, Capital Structure and Performance
Authors: Al-Thuneibat Ali
Published: August 2018

This paper aims at providing an empirical evidence concerning the relationship between the ownership structure, capital structure and financial performance of the shareholding companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). To measure the ownership structure, the researcher used four variables including foreign, institutional, managerial and concentrated ownership. The capital structure is measured by using the leverage, and the performance is measured by using the return on assets (ROA). To achieve the objectives of the study, a sample of 86 firms from the industrial and service companies listed in ASE during the period 2010 and 2014 is used. The results of the study showed that the relationship between ownership structure in general, and performance is positive and statistically significant, however, the results showed that the various types of ownership structure have different types of relationships with performance. More specifically, there is a negative impact of institutional and foreign ownerships on the performance and positive impact of concentrated and managerial ownerships. The results also revealed that there is a positive impact of the financial leverage on the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance. The findings of the study provide implications to the regulators, investors and managers in Jordan to take into consideration the environment-specific factors when developing corporate regulations and encourage concentrated and managerial ownership because they have positive impact on performance.
The Effect of Self Efficacy and Information Quality on Behavioral Intention with Perceived Usefulness as Intervening Variable
Authors: Muslichah Muslichah
Published: August 2018

The rapid development of technology requires universities to develop an integrated academic information system to support the education process. With the application of the information system, universities can provide better information services to students. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of self-efficacy and information quality on behavioral intention toward academic information system with perceived usefulness as an intervening variable. This study used survey questionnaire in collecting data from one higher institution - STIE Malangkuçeçwara(Malangkuçeçwara School of Economic). The population in this study is all students in the sixth semester. A questionnaire was administered to all 377 students, 311 were returned yielding a response rate 82.5%. This study has three significant findings. First, the direct effect of self-efficacy on behavioral intention to use academic information system (AIS) is significant. Second, the direct effect of information quality on behavioral intention to use AIS is significant. Third, The indirect effect of self-efficacy and information quality on behavioral intention to use AIS through perceived usefulness is not significant
GELIAT KAUM NAHDIYYIN DI KOTA MANADO
Authors: Kawu Abdul Shodiq
Published: August 2018

Tulisan ini merupakan ringkasan penelitian tentang organisasi Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) di Kota Manado. Penelitian
menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan wawancara mendalam sebagai alat pengumpulan data.
Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran NU di Kota Manado sangat penting. Ini karena potret demograjis masyarakat
Manado sangat plural dengan basis masyarakat Islam tradisional. Kontur demograjis seperti ini memerlukan model
keberagamaan yang terbuka dan saling menghargai. Para tokoh NU yang sebagian besar menjadi dai telah lama mengawal
masyarakat Islam Manado tumbuh sebagai komunitas agama yang memiliki perspektif multikulturalisme.
STYLISTIKA RELASI GENDER BADAN EKSEKUTIF MAHASISWA IAIN AMBON
Authors: Arfa Arman
Published: August 2018

This research focuses on the pattern of gender relation in Student Executive Organization of IAIN Ambon. The problem addressed by this
research was: what is student perception on gender relation and what the pattern ofgender relation in Student Executive Organization of
IAIN Ambon.
The objective of this research is to find out student perception on gender and gender relation in Student Executive Organization ofIAIN
Ambon. Research promotes the understanding of students on gender and the role of woman in public domain.
Research is qualitative. Data collected through in depth interview to the member of Student Executive Organization of IAIN Ambon,
observing their activity andfinding out information in current documents.
Result shows that samples have some general perception about gender relation; for them, gender means biological difference and equal
rights, men can do what women do, and women can do what men do. Three patterns ofgender relation were found in Student Executive
Organization of IAIN Ambon: woman cannot become a leader, man is much appropriate to be a leader and man and woman have the
same opportunity to be the leader, particularly for Student Executive Organization ofIAIN Ambon
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Sirat Abdul Hadi
Published: August 2018

Bank Syariah merupakan bank yang beroperasi dengan tidak menggunakan bunga. Bank Syariah
merupakan lembaga keuangan yang operasional dan produknya dikembangkan berlandaskan pada
Alquran dan Assunnah. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan umat Islam belum berhubungan dengan bank
syariah, antara lain: 1) masih rendahnya tingkatpengetahuan danpemahaman umat tentang bank syariah,
2) peran ulama dan dai masih relatif kecil, 3) peran akademisi perguruan tinggi belum optimal, dan 4)
peran ormas Islam juga belum optimal membantu dan mendukung gerakan bank syariah.
Penelitian bertujuan untuk menggambarkan persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan bank syariah
dan menentukan pilihan dalam berinvestasi dengan produk-produk perbankan syariah, serta prospek
perbankan syariah di masa mendatang. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan responden tentang bank syariah di kota
Makassar cukup baik. Sebagian besar dari masyarakat telah mengetahui melalui media elektronik, media
massa, dan rekan kerja. Secara umum, masyarakat tertarik untuk menjadi nasabah bank syariah
karena dilaksanakan berdasarkan prinsip Syariat Islam. Sebagian besar responden menyatakan manfaat
yang diperoleh melalui bank syariah adalah terhindar dari praktik riba, lebih aman, lebih terjamin, dan
ada rasa kebanggaan sebagai umat Islam, serta memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dalam perspektif Islam.
PERTAUTAN ADAT DAN SYARA' DALAM DIMENSI SOSIAL DI KOTA GORONTALO
Authors: Kadir R Abdul
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian sejarah sosial Islam yang dilakukan di Gorontalo. Penelitian ini dilakukan
dalam rangka merekonstruksi proses Islamisasi pada kerajaan/kesultanan/daerah lokal di Kawasan
Timur Indonesia sebagai bagian integral dari Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Sejarah dan proses
Islamisasi menjadi salah satu pilar penting dalam pembentukan konstruksi sosio-kultural masyarakat
indonesia. Dengan mendeskripsikan proses Islamisasi pada ranah sosial-politik serta pengaruh Islam
dalam perubahan sosio-kultural diharapkan dapat menjadi refer ensi dalam mengetahui potensi kehidupan
sosial masyarakat di Kawasan Timur Indonesia, khususnya di Kota Gorontalo serta akan sangat berguna
dalam pembinaan dan pengembangan kehidupan beragama secara umum di Indonesia.
Yang dimaksud Islamisasi dalam penelitian ini merupakan proses yang tak pernah berhenti yang diawali
dari penerimaan atau konversi secara massif ke dalam Islam baikproses dialog maupun proses integratif
hingga proses akulturasi nilai-nilai dan ajaran Islam dengan budaya lokal setempat yang akhirnya
membentuk suatu tatanan baru dalam pranata sosio-kultural suatu masyarakat.
MODEL PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER SANTRI DI PESANTREN PERSIS 67 BENDA TASIKMALAYA JAWA BARAT
Authors: Dulkiah Moh.
Published: August 2018

This study aims to describe the model of character development of santri in Pesantren Persis 67 Benda Tasikmalaya West Java. Data collection method used in field research with the qualitative approach with observation data and in-depth interview. The results showed that: First, character development of santri lies in the process of teaching, habituation, and enforcement of rules. Secondly, the teaching model provides development not only in the curriculum that combines the curriculum content of the ministry of religions, the curriculum content of the ministries of education and culture, and the content of the local curriculum, but also contains principles that the teacher (ustadz) considers in curriculum development, namely: the proximity of the relationship between the learning material and the occurring phenomenon), the principle of flexibility (the developed curriculum must have the space for freedom of action, choosing the educational program, and the flexibility in the development of the learning program), the efficiency principle (effort, cost, time, which is used in the learning process must be strict), the principle of effectiveness (curriculum planning can be achieved in accordance with predetermined desires), the principle of continuity (curriculum development shows the relationship between education level, type of education, education program and field of study). Third, habituation is oriented to apply the value of independence and the value of responsibility. Fourth, enforcement of rules is implemented not to give physical sanctions, but rather more motivational.
Pembelajaran Kitab Kuning di Pondok Pesantren Darul Ulum Nahdhatul Wathan, Bima Maroa, Konawe Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad Sadli
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap seputar pembelajaran kitab kuning di pondok pesantren dengan melakukan penelusuran terkait jenis kitab kuning yang diajarkan, mekanisme pembelajarankitab kuning,dan problematika yang dihadapi dalam pembelajarankitab kuning. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 92 pondok pesantren di Sulawesi Tenggara, hanya sebagian kecil yang masih menyelenggarakan pembelajaran kitab kuning. Salah satu di antaranya adalah Pondok PesantrenDarul Ulum Nahdhatul Wathan di Konawe Selatan yang menjadi sasaran penelitian ini.Kitab kuning yang diajarkan di pondok pesantren ini terdiri dari beberapa jenis kitab yakni kitab-kitab ilmu nahwu dan ilmu Sharaf, fikih dan usul fikih, hadis, tafsir, tauhid, sejarah,  akhlak, dan tajwid. Pembelajaran kitab kuning dilaksanakan dengan sistem bandongan dan dibagi perkelas sesuai tingkat kemampuan dan pemahaman santri terhadap kitab yang dipelajari. Kendala utama yang dirasakan dalam pembelajaran kitab adalah kelangkaan kitab, kekurangan jumlah pembina yang bisa mengajarkan kitab, ketiadaan ruang yang berskala besar sebagai pusat kegiatan ibadah dan pengajian kitab, dan kapasitas asrama yang belum mampu menampung seluruh peserta yang belajar di satuan-satuan pendidikan dalam binaan pondok pesantren ini.

 
Interconection and Local Wisdom of Malay and Arabs Ulamas Works: Study on Malay and Arabic Manuscripts’ Papers
Authors: Fakhriati Fakhriati
Published: August 2018

Malay and Arabs are two continents, located in different area, Southeast Asia and Middle East. Historically, writers as ulamas (religious prominent figures) tended to use watermarked papers for writing many things both related to religious, historical knowledge, and also their experience. Looking at the manuscripts existing nowadays, almost all Malay and Arabic manuscripts’ papers have unique and similar watermark images and countermark inside. It cannot be denied that historical background and context appeared behind the papers. Historically, the relationship among the countries since the coming of Islam to Malay -- that was in Aceh at the first -- gave the effect of produced and using the papers. Trade and diplomatic relation can be assumed as the biggest factor taken places in this aspect. Besides, Western countries also took important role in exporting their paper to other countries. In addition, they had colonized some Muslims countries both Southeast Asian and Middle East. As the most popular producers of watermark images, Western countries also exported their papers to other countries, including their colonized countries. This paper tries to elaborate ulamas’ paper in these two nations in its similarity and diversity to find local wisdom inside. Thereafter, to analyze the relationship among the countries is another focus of this paper. This paper tries to use Philological, codicological, and socio-historical approach in dealing with the content and physics of the manuscripts, and its historical context.
Living life the natural way – Wheatgrass and Health
Authors: Rana Satyavati , Kamboj Jaspreet Kaur , Gandhi Vandana
Published: August 2018

The Human diet is enriched with young parts of plants (so called “green foods”), which can improve nutrient balance intake in natural way. Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum) refers to young grass of the common wheat plant, which belongs to Poaceae family. This is the most commonly found herb in India, although its nativity is currently unknown. This plant is believed to have many nutritional values; it has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, laxative, astringent, diuretic, antibacterial and anti-aging properties. Its use in acidity, colitis, kidney malfunctions, atherosclerosis and swelling has been shown to be beneficial. Wheatgrass juice helps in building red blood cells and stimulates healthy tissue cell growth. 100 g of wheatgrass powder is equal to 23 kg of fresh vegetables. Ideally, wheatgrass should be taken about an hour prior to meal. This allows the body to fully metabolize it without competing with other foods, and it may also curb hunger. It is recommended that lot of water (at least a liter) should be consumed with the juice to reap its maximum nutritional benefits. Taking wheatgrass as a supplement in the mid-morning or mid-afternoon is a great time for this "green" energy boost. Keywords: wheatgrass, anti-carcinogenic, detoxification, health.
Bioinformatics approaches for identifying new therapeutic bioactive peptides in food
Authors: Khaldi Nora
Published: August 2018

The traditional methods for mining foods for bioactive peptides are tedious and long. Similar to the drug industry, the length of time to identify and deliver a commercial health ingredient that reduces disease symptoms can take anything between 5 to 10 years. Reducing this time and effort is crucial in order to create new commercially viable products with clear and important health benefits. In the past few years, bioinformatics, the science that brings together fast computational biology, and efficient genome mining, is appearing as the long awaited solution to this problem. By quickly mining food genomes for characteristics of certain food therapeutic ingredients, researchers can potentially find new ones in a matter of a few weeks. Yet, surprisingly, very little success has been achieved so far using bioinformatics in mining for food bioactives. The absence of food specific bioinformatic mining tools, the slow integration of both experimental mining and bioinformatics, and the important difference between different experimental platforms are some of the reasons for the slow progress of bioinformatics in the field of functional food and more specifically in bioactive peptide discovery. In this paper I discuss some methods that could be easily translated, using a rational peptide bioinformatics design, to food bioactive peptide mining. I highlight the need for an integrated food peptide database. I also discuss how to better integrate experimental work with bioinformatics in order to improve the mining of food for bioactive peptides, therefore achieving a higher success rates.Keywords: bioactive peptides, bioinformatics, mining food, therapeutic properties, food proteins, functional food.
Preliminary study on the In-Vitro Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates to Virgin Coconut Oil
Authors: Dalmacion Godofreda V. , Ortega Adelwisa R. , Pena Imelda G. , Ang Concepcion F.
Published: August 2018

Background: Tuberculosis remains a major public health threat. Studies have shown that medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), such as, those found in Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), possess activity against a wide range of microorganisms including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The goal of the study was to determine the in-vitro susceptibility of M. tuberculosis (TB) isolates to two commercial brands of VCOs each containing different amounts of lauric acid and produced by two different extraction processes. Two brands of VCO were tested for their anti-TB actions compared to pure lauric acid and a negative control. Two replicate runs were done. VCO samples were inoculated with 0.1 mL of the H37RV strain of M. tuberculosis and incubated at 370C with shaking for 5 days. After incubation, the mixtures were diluted 10-fold up to 10-4 concentration to obtain countable colonies using Middlebrook 7H10 agar plates and Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) slants. Colony growths of M. tuberculosis were examined in each dilution every week for three to eight weeks. Results: Both brands of VCO at increasing dilution from 1:10 to 1:10000 lowered the colony counts of M. tuberculosis by 46% to 100 % on the Middlebrook 7H10 agar. Similar results were noted on L-J slants with colony counts decreasing by 25% to 96%. Lauric acid solution showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth in both the agar plates and LJ slants. Conclusion: Different VCO preparations containing different amounts of lauric acid exhibited different degree of inhibition against M. tuberculosis. The result of the study suggests the potential of VCOs agent against the growth of M. tuberculosis Similar effect on other organisms is a possibility and should also be explored. But more studies are needed to replicate the studies using different concentrations of VCOs, lauric acid and other fatty acids in VCO such as myristic acid, caproic or caprylic acids.Key words: Lauric acid, virgin coconut oil, tuberculosis, food supplement
Verification of anti-fatigue effect of anserine by angle fatigue indicator based on median frequency changes of electromyograms
Authors: Kishi Hirohisa , Kubomura Daiki , Sugiura Toshifumi
Published: August 2018

Objective: Anserine, which is abundant in avian species and in a wide range of fish such as bonito and tuna, is reported to have anti-fatigue effect. Although chicken soup and bonito soup is traditionally used to recover from physical fatigue, it is generally difficult to verify the effect in humans. This study was to directly demonstrate the anti-fatigue effect of oceanic anserine in humans. Methods: Edible-grade anserine was purified from fish extract with food-grade reagents. Subjects were 17 healthy male volunteers (35.5 ± 5 yr., 75.5 ± 5.0 kg). Each subject performed the isometric exercise tolerance test (ETT) on the rectus femoris muscle twice (Ex_1, Ex_2) both for anserine and water conditions on a different day. Median frequency changes (MDF) during ETTs were calculated and regression curves were calculated over a frequency range of 21-214 Hz. The difference, or angle, between the slopes of Ex_1 and Ex_2 MDF regression curves, which corresponds to the degree of fatigue, was defined as an angle fatigue index and compared between anserine and water intake conditions.Results: MDF decreased during ETTs in most patients and the slopes of regression curves were larger in Ex_2 than in Ex_1. Angle fatigue index for water (control) was significantly larger than that for anserine (p<0.01, paired t-test, n=17). The result indicates that anserine have an anti-fatigue effect on skeletal muscle in humans. Conclusions: We proposed the angle fatigue index as a touchstone of the muscle fatigue. The index indicates that anserine is effective to reduce the muscle fatigue in humans.Keywords: anserine, muscle fatigue, electromyogram, median frequency power, MDF angle