bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Pemasaran Desa Ubud sebagai Destinasi MICE
Authors: Mananda IGPB Sasrawan , Dewi Luh Gede Leli Kusuma
Published: January 2021

The concept of mass tourism has two seasons namely high season and low season to determine the number of tourist visits each year. Therefore the tourism industry tries to conduct a vigorous promotion by carrying out activities that can bring tourists to stay in one tourist destination. One of the activities that entrepreneurs do in the low season is to conduct activities called MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions). This research uses qualitative analysis technique by applying the participatory principle involving MICE stakeholders, destination manager, travel agent managers, and tourists. Ubud Village as a tourist destination which has potential for MICE activities has not had a convention bureau. This is due to the characteristics of the tourists who come to Ubud and the needs required by the tourism industry managers which are different from other tourist destinations in Bali such as Badung regency and Denpasar municipality. During this time, the implementation of activities of MICE is dominated by incentives tourism activities (56.57%), exhibitions (31.72%), and meetings (11.71%). The SWOT results concluded that Ubud Village is still S > W and O ≥ T thus requiring an internal consolidation, but seeing O ≥ T, has potential for further development. Development strategy were using grand strategy which make the results such as growth, dominance, and maximum investment.
The Distribution Process of the Housing Stimulant Grants Program (BSPS) during COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in Muncan Village, Karangasem Regency
Authors: Juniartini Ni Luh Putu , Juniartha I Wayan , Setiawan I Nyoman Anom Fajaraditya
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to know the existence of BSPS as a government program through PUPR and the review focuses on Muncan Village, Karangasem Regency, as one of the beneficiary areas. The program follows the decisions, directions, rules, and procedures established by the provincial government of Bali.

Research methods: The data are analyzed to separate criteria related to problems and solutions, and also solutions based on procedures and purposely determine informants based on specific criteria and considerations.

Findings: Constraints were complicated by the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic, which has an impact on various lines globally. Particular action needs to be taken primarily by TFL with the community. In addition to having to carry out procedures and rules in the distribution of aid, preventive measures addressing various field conditions also need to be considered. The analysis is divided into two categories: conditional on BSPS verification activities to keep going and initiatives to address the Covid-19 pandemic crisis in the field.

Implications: The various obstacles faced are expected to become a consideration or study for the next period, especially with things that are unpredictable and are force majeure along with the team that is tasked directly in the field.
Pengobatan Tradisional Bali Usadha Tiwang
Authors: Arsana I Nyoman , Sudiartawan I Putu , Sudaryati Ni Luh Gede , Wirasuta I Made Agus Gelgel , Armita Pande Made Nova , Warditiani Ni Kadek , Astuti Ni Made Widi , Santika I Wayan Martadi , Wiryanatha Ida Bagus , Cahyaningrum Putu Lakustini , Suta Ida Bagus Putra
Published: January 2021

Tujuan: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengobatan tradisional Bali, dengan mengambil fokus kajian pada pengobatan yang tertuang dalam lontar Usadha Tiwang.

Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan (Library Research). Unit analisis berupa naskah lontar Usadha Tiwang, yang telah ditransliterasi dari aksara Bali ke aksara Latin.

Temuan: Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tiwang adalah penyakit yang mempunyai gejala badan terasa meluang, sakit dan ngilu, gelisah, mata mendelik, otot kaku bahkan sampai pingsan. Jenis tiwang dicirikan berdasarkan gejala yang muncul. Pengobatan dilaksanakan secara holistik oleh pengusada sesuai tatalaksana pengusada, dengan menggunakan ramuan obat-obatan yang terbuat dari campuran berbagai jenis tumbuh-tumbuhan atau bahan lainnya seperti arak, lengis tanusan, garam, gula, kapur, maupun santen, bahkan tain seksek serta iduh bang. Penggunaannya dengan cara dimakan, diminum, ditutuhkan, disemburkan, diuapkan atau dilulurkan, maupun ditempelkan. Takaran, cara pengolahan, serta cara pemakaian masih belum jelas.

Implikasi: Masyarakat Bali tetap percaya terhadap sistim pengobatan tradisional Bali. Namun demikian, masyarakat Bali yang berobat ke tempat praktik pengobatan tradisional sangat sedikit. Simpulannya adalah pengobatan tradisional Bali dilakukan secara holistik untuk mencapai keseimbangan antara shtula sarira-suksma sarira-antahkarana sarira.
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Capacity Test on Turmeric Extract (Curcuma Longa) Traditionally Processed in Bali
Authors: Permatananda Pande Ayu Naya Kasih , Aryastuti Anak Agung Sri Agung , Cahyawati Putu Nita , Udiyani Desak Putu Citra , Wijaya D. , Pandit I Gde Suranaya , Wirajaya Anak Agung Ngurah Mayun
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the ways and objectives of the use of turmeric by Balinese, as well as the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of turmeric extract which is traditionally processed in Bali.

Research methods: The method and purpose of utilizing turmeric were obtained through observation and interviews with 900 Balinese respondents. Quantitative phytochemical tests include starch, protein, flavonoid, tannin, phenol and vitamin C levels and qualitatively for the presence of triterpenes, steroids, alkaloids, and saponins. Antioxidant capacity was measured using the DPPH method.

Findings: Through this research, we found there were only 36.8% of respondents had ever used turmeric as a traditional medicine. Utilization of turmeric was mostly in the form of loloh or traditional drinks. Phytochemical test results showed turmeric extract had 67.38% starch, 3.42% protein, 2709.39 mg/100 gr flavonoids, tannins 291.64 mg/100gr, phenol 1584.04 mg/100 gr, and vitamin C 0.06 mg/100gr. Qualitatively, turmeric extract contained triterpenes, alkaloids, and saponins, but did not contain steroids. The antioxidant capacity of turmeric extract was 70.9 mg/L GAEAC.

Implications: Turmeric extract is a traditional medicine made from nature that is most commonly used by Balinese and very potential to be developed as an antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or other benefits that still need further investigation.
Bali in the Covid-19 Pandemic: Population and Employment Dilemmas
Authors: Yasa I Gusti Wayan Murjana
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has a huge impact on the lives of Balinese citizens. The aim of this study is to find the right steps and frameworks that enable to reduce the spread and death caused by COVID-19 as quickly and as minimally as possible, so that the sustainable impact on the socioeconomic can be reduce.

Research methods: Preventive measures are needed, especially for the Field Facilitator Staff as the front guard, so that the BSPS program channelled adequately. The key to smooth distribution, in addition to the precise mechanism, must also follow the government's recommendations and implement health protocols.

Findings: The results show that the population and employment structure of Bali has high potential for the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is due to the high level of population mobility, both population mobility between regions within the country and population mobility between countries. The second cause is the Balinese population structure consists of many elderly people, thus causing a high potential case fatality rate from a pandemic.

Implications: Based on the results of the study, it is recommend minimize the possibility of the spread of covid-19 through the first and second rapid tests involving as many residents that potential to be covid-19 deployment carrier, both through local transmission and imported cases.
Identifikasi Potensi dan Pengembangan Sistem Pertanian Organik menuju Bali Pulau Organik
Authors: Kesumadewi Anak Agung Istri , Susila I Wayan , Gunadi Gusti Alit , Sarjana Dewa Gede Raka , Diara I Wayan , Wirya Gusti Ngurah Alit Susanta
Published: January 2021

Tujuan: Dengan mengadopsi sistem pertanian yang selaras alam melalui pendekatan sistem pertanian organik diharapkan menghasilkan komoditas yang sehat dan aman untuk dikonsumsi dan memiliki nilai jual yang lebih tinggi sehingga ke dua misi tersebut dalam jangka panjang dapat dicapai.

Metode Penelitian: Penelitian mengenai identifikasi potensi dan pengembangan sistem pertanian organik menuju Bali pulau organik telah dilakukan diseluruh wilayah kabupaten dan Kota di Provinsi Bali sejak bulan Mei – Desember 2019. Penelitian dilakukan melalui survei lapang dan hasilnya disepakati melalui FGD bersama para stakeholder.

Temuan: Pengembangan sistem pertanian organik potensial dilakukan hampir seluruh kabupaten di Bali kecuali di Kabupaten Klungkung dan Kota Denpasar.

Implikasi: Inovasi yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah sistem database pertanian organik Provinsi Bali yang online, terintegrasi, kompak, ringan, dan mudah dioperasikan.
Debirokratisasi dan Pentingnya “Good Governance” bagi Daerah
Authors: Suacana I Wayan Gede
Published: January 2021

The implementation of local governance involves not only the detachment from the shackles of central hegemony, the implementation of decentralization and regional autonomy policies, and the level of empowerment of civil society, but also attention to the ongoing conditions of the transition to democracy in people's lives in the region. Debureaucratization policy is one of the prerequisites for the implementation of good governance. The application of this policy requires the existence of a regional bureaucratic structure that can guarantee that there will be no distortion of aspirations coming from the community and avoid abuse of power. Debureaucratization requires that local governments can be more adaptive to changes and dynamics of society. Thus the bureaucracy will be more just and in favor of the sovereignty of the people so as to prioritize the interests of the people in a professional, proportionate and efficient manner. Debureaucratization practices and decentralization policies have become the main determinants that influence the dynamics of change for the realization of regional governance.
Penetrasi Papan Ketik Aksara Bali pada Pengguna Perangkat Mobile
Authors: Iswara Ida Bagus Ary Indra , Santika Putu Praba , Wijaya I Nyoman Saputra Wahyu
Published: January 2021

The Balinese language which is used in daily life on the island of Bali has experienced a shift in usage so it needs to be preserved. In an effort to preserve the Balinese language and script, the Provincial Government issued Bali Governor Regulation Number 20 of 2013 and Regulation number 1 of 2018. I Made Suatjana submitted a proposal that the Balinese script be included in Unicode to make it easier to display Balinese script on digital media. Cokorda Rai Adi Pramartha developed keyboards or keyboards and an application called T@miang to facilitate typing Balinese characters on computer devices. Computer equipment is slowly becoming obsolete, replaced by mobile devices used by 53.03% of users in Indonesia, so it is necessary to build a Balinese script keyboard that can be used on mobile devices. PaTik Bali is built for mobile devices with Android operating system. PaTik Bali layout is adapted to T@miang keyboard layout. PaTik Bali version 1.0 only uses the Balinese script on each keyboard key. In version 2.0 each button on PaTik Bali has been added Latin letters because of the large number of entries on the Google Play page. Based on data recorded on the Google Play Console, there are 41,820 devices that have installed the Balinese Keyboard (PaTik Bali) application, 99.19% are from Indonesia. In general, the PaTik Bali application can be accepted in the community, this can be seen from the average rating given by users on Google Play which is 4.27 on a scale of 5. However, some users complain about the incorrect form of letters. The PaTik Bali application uses fonts that have been embedded in the Android operating system so that it can be used as a keyboard in other applications. This font still has enough problems. To fix this problem, it is necessary to develop the Balinese font then ask Google as an Android developer to enter the new font into the Android operating system.
Room Allotment Management to Increase Room Occupancy and its Implication to Hotel Management Strategy
Authors: Rama Vanny Oktafia Putri , Astawa I Ketut , Wendri I Gusti Made , Mudana I Gede
Published: January 2021

In the tourism industry, fluctuations in room occupancy are common. Many hotels offer various types of accommodation and service options needed by guests, causing competition between one hotel and another hotel. The purpose of this study is to find out how the management of room allotment in an effort to increase room occupancy at a one 5-star hotel in the southern part of Bali. This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with analysis of POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) and SWBR (Strength, Weakness, Benefit, Risk). Data is obtained using the interview method. This study also explains how the implications of room allotment management on management strategy at the hotel. The results of this study indicate that the management of the allotment room has been done quite well but has not provided maximum results in increasing room occupancy. The implications of giving room allotment based on management functions indicate that negotiations still have problems with the prices determined, there are strengths, weaknesses, benefits and risks in organizing the people who regulate the room allotment, the room allotment given has not been 100% fulfilled and there is no a special system to control room allotment. Future research is recommended with regard to the effectiveness of room allotment through the system.
Transformasi Bidang Litbang Menjadi Badan Riset dan Inovasi Daerah Provinsi Bali
Authors: Wirasuta I Made Agus Gelgel
Published: January 2021

Bung Karno/Sukarno (the first president of Indonesia) placed research as the main ingredient in planning the Pola Pembangunan Semesta Berencana and used the research results on an ongoing basis to realize the ideals of national development, namely: "Welfare with social justice for all Indonesian people (Kesejahteraan yang berkeadilan sosial bagi seluruh masyarakat Indonesia)", and increase the nation's competitiveness. The Law No. 11 of 2019 concerning the National System of Science and Technology requires the role of local governments in the development of research, inventions, and innovations, as well as utilizing the results in the form of Intellectual Property. The transformation of the Regional Research and Development Institute is a must to carry out the mandate of the Law No. 11 of 2019. This study conveys the transformation of Bali's Regional R&D Agency (Litbangda) towards badan Riset dan Inovasi Daerah Provinsi (Regional Research and Innovation Agency of Bali Province).
Modal Sosial Pembangunan SDM Masyarakat Bali
Authors: Wimba I Gusti Ayu
Published: January 2021

During this time, the government and the community in implementing development, explicitly only prioritize economic capital and human capital in an individual perspective only. Not many people have highlighted the role of social capital, which is a necessity, in maintaining the results of development that have been carried out. Mainly, Balinese social capital which is hierarchically shaped through values that are invested from an early age, will grow into an accumulation of social capital which will later contribute positively in maintaining a conducive atmosphere in developing human resources for the Balinese people.
E-Budgeting ATK pada Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah Kabupaten Gianyar
Authors: Jasmiari I Gusti Ayu , Parwita Wayan Gede Suka , Meinarni Ni Putu Suci
Published: January 2021

Financial Management and District Asset Agency of Gianyar District is an official government agent of Gianyar District that has the authority to execute the district autonomy in terms of income, financial management, and asset administration. The agency has faced the difficulties in budgeting process of stationary which is not transparent, that will be lead to misappropriation of the budget and there is no clear and detail of the budget of the stationary. This condition will cause inefficient of budgeting for the stationary. The purpose of this research is to build an e-budgeting of stationary on Financial Management and District Asset Agency of Gianyar District that has the correlation with budgeting plan of stationary where a system can be used to manage the budget of the stationary in terms of additional transaction or deduction of stationary. In this research, there are four methods used, those are interview, observation, documentation and literary research. The design of the system is done by analyzing the needs system and was designed by using Data Flow Diagram (DFD) in order to design system and data flow. In this design, the system has been made and a trial of functional system has been done by using Blackbox Testing Method using 24 scenario of trial system, which from that trial showed can be concluded that the system was done appropriately based on the design system.
Tinjauan Penyaluran Dana BSPS di Desa Tusan, Kecamatan Banjarangkan, Kabupaten Klungkung
Authors: Juniartini Ni Luh Putu
Published: January 2021

A decent house is everyone's dream, but in reality, there are still many houses that are still not up to standard. In Tusan Village, Banjarangkan District, Klungkung Regency through the BSPS PUPR program, 50 houses were allocated assistance. Procedurally, these houses are houses that have very unfit verification. Based on data from village officials and proposals that have been required, the recipient of the assistance must go through the submission process according to the rules. In the field process, there are three crucial constraints in broad outline and require intensive assistance solutions so that the BSPS program runs according to the initial planning. The synergy between the community, village officials, and the government is also needed in this process so that significant obstacles can be resolved in accordance with applicable regulations. In the end, this program can run on target and can also be enjoyed by the community in Tusan Village.
Utrata przyszłości w epoce antropocenu
Authors: Bińczyk Ewa
Published: January 2021

Jak twierdzi Martín Caparrós, „ekologia urasta do rangi znaku naszych czasów, czasów bez pomysłu na przyszłość”. Świetną ilustrację tej tezy stanowi interdyscyplinarna debata na temat propozycji E.F. Stoermera i P.J. Crutzena, którzy z uwagi na skalę i zakres ludzkich ingerencji w systemy planetarne zasugerowali, by współczesną epokę geologiczną nazwać antropocenem – epoką człowieka. Naukowcy zatroskani skalą obecnego kryzysu planetarnego formułują kolejne już ostrzeżenia dla ludzkości. Czy rzeczywiście antropocen to epoka bez pomysłu na przyszłość? Utraciliśmy rafy koralowe, stabilność klimatu, pory roku, poszczególne gatunki, a nawet naturę. Jak rozumieć tezę o utracie przyszłości w epoce człowieka? Jak się wydaje, nieprzekraczalną blokadą dla myślenia o przyszłości w XXI wieku jest dominacja myślenia rynkowego. W jego ramach horyzont inwestycyjny to najwyżej 20–30 lat. Czy ignorowanie kosztów klimatycznych i środowiskowych rozwoju współczesnych gospodarek nie świadczy o braku wyobraźni i zbiorowym wyparciu samej idei przyszłości? Czy ryzyko nagłej zmiany klimatycznej nie kwestionuje myślenia linearnego i dotychczasowego, zachodniego pojmowania czasu? W artykule szukam odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania, opierając się na wcześniejszej analizie wybranych narracji w debacie na temat antropocenu. Należą do nich: 1) naturalistyczna narracja przyrodoznawców (E. Stoermer, P. Crutzen, W. Steffen, J. Zalasiewicz, J. Rockström), 2) narracja humanistów w nurcie postnaturalizmu: D. Haraway, B. Latour, I. Stengers, D. Chakrabarty, 3) dyskurs eko-marksistowski, operujący etykietką kapitalocenu i krytyczny wobec etykietki antropocenu: J. Moore, I. Angus, A. Hornborg, A. Malm, C. Bonneuil, J.-B. Fressoz, S. Lewis, M. Maslin, 4) dyskurs eko-katastroficzny (C. Hamilton, E. Crist, J. McBrien, E. Swyngedouw, N. Oreskes i E. Conway), a także 5) narracja ekomodernistów mówiąca o dobrym, a nawet wspaniałym antropocenie (T. Nordhaus, M. Schellenberger, D. W. Keith).
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Dapat Meningkatkan Kemampuan Belajar Siswa Kelas VI Pada Bidang Studi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan MI Raudhatul Jannah Desa Ranggo Kecamatan Pajo Kabupaten Dompu Tahun Pelajaran 2019-2020
Authors: Fitriani
Published: January 2021

Dalam rumusan yang lain dinyatakan bahwa mengajar merupakan usaha mengorganisasi lingkungan sekolah sehingga menciptakan kondisi belajar kondusif bagi siswa. Rumusan ini dianggap lebih maju dari rumusan sebelumnya karena lebih menitik beratkan pada unsur siswa, lingkungan dan proses belajar. Pengajaran berbasis masalah merupakan suatu pendekatan pengajaran yang menggunakan masalah dunia nyata sebagai suatu konteks bagi siswa untuk belajar tentang cara berpikir kritis dan keterampilan pemecahan masalah, serta untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dan konsep yang esensial dari materi pelajaran. Pembelajaran ini digunakan untuk merangsang berpikir tingkat tinggi dalam situasi berorientasi masalah termasuk didalamnya belajar bagaimana belajar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Metode Observasi, (2) Metode Wawancara, (3) Metode Dokumentasi, dan (4) Metode Angket. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada proses belajar mengajar bidang studi PKn pada kelas VI MI Raudhatul Jannah Desa Ranggo Kecamatan Pajo Kabupaten Dompu, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan 1. Pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah pada Bidang Studi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dapat meningkatkan kemandirian belajar siswa kelas VI Pada MI Raudhatul Jannah Desa Ranggo Kecamatan Pajo Kabupaten Dompu Tahun Pelajaran 2019-2020. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan skor kemandirian belajar pada semester I dan semester II. 2. Model pembelajaran berbasis masalah pada bidang studi PKn dapat meningkatkan kemandirian belajar siswa kelas VI MI Raudhatul Jannah Desa Ranggo Kecamatan Pajo Kabupaten Dompu. Hal ini dibuktikan dari peningkatan skor kemandirian belajar semester I dan II. 3. Pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dapat meningkatkan kemandirian belajar dan kemandirian belajar siswa kelas VI MI Raudhatul Jannah Desa Ranggo Kecamatan Pajo Kabupaten Dompu Tahun Pelajaran 2019-2020
Error induced by neglecting subgrid chemical segregation due to inefficient turbulent mixing in regional chemical-transport models in urban environments
Authors: Li Cathy W. Y. , Brasseur Guy P. , Schmidt Hauke , Mellado Juan Pedro
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We employed direct numerical simulations to estimate the error on chemical calculation in simulations with regional chemical-transport models induced by neglecting subgrid chemical segregation due to inefficient turbulent mixing in an urban boundary layer with strong and heterogeneously distributed surface emissions. In simulations of initially segregated reactive species with an entrainment-emission configuration with an A–B–C second-order chemical scheme, urban surface emission fluxes of the homogeneously emitted tracer A result in a very large segregation between the tracers and hence a very large overestimation of the effective chemical reaction rate in a complete-mixing model. This large effect can be indicated by a large Damköhler number (Da) of the limiting reactant. With heterogeneous surface emissions of the two reactants, the resultant normalised boundary-layer-averaged effective chemical reaction rate is found to be in a Gaussian function of Da, and it is increasingly overestimated by the imposed rate with an increased horizontal scale of emission heterogeneity. Coarse-grid models with resolutions commensurable to regional models give reduced yet still significant errors for all simulations with homogeneous emissions. Such model improvement is more sensitive to the increased vertical resolution. However, such improvement cannot be seen for simulations with heterogeneous emissions when the horizontal resolution of the model cannot resolve emission heterogeneity. This work highlights particular conditions in which the ability to resolve chemical segregation is especially important when modelling urban environments.
Variable particle size distributions reduce the sensitivity of global export flux to climate change
Authors: Leung Shirley W. , Weber Thomas , Cram Jacob A. , Deutsch Curtis
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Recent earth system models predict a 10 %–20 % decrease in particulate organic carbon export from the surface ocean by the end of the
21st century due to global climate change. This decline is mainly caused by increased stratification of the upper ocean, resulting in reduced
shallow subsurface nutrient concentrations and a slower supply of nutrients to the surface euphotic zone in low latitudes. These predictions,
however, do not typically account for associated changes in remineralization depths driven by sinking-particle size. Here we combine
satellite-derived export and particle size maps with a simple 3-D global biogeochemical model that resolves dynamic particle size distributions to
investigate how shifts in particle size may buffer or amplify predicted changes in surface nutrient supply and therefore export production. We show
that higher export rates are empirically correlated with larger sinking particles and presumably larger phytoplankton, particularly in tropical and
subtropical regions. Incorporating these empirical relationships into our global model shows that as circulation slows, a decrease in export is
associated with a shift towards smaller particles, which sink more slowly and are thus remineralized shallower. This shift towards shallower
remineralization in turn leads to greater recycling of nutrients in the upper water column and thus faster nutrient recirculation into the euphotic
zone. The end result is a boost in productivity and export that counteracts the initial circulation-driven decreases. This negative feedback
mechanism (termed the particle-size–remineralization feedback) slows export decline over the next century by ∼ 14 % globally (from −0.29
to −0.25 GtC yr−1) and by ∼ 20 % in the tropical and subtropical oceans, where export decreases are currently predicted to
be greatest. Our findings suggest that to more accurately predict changes in biological pump strength under a warming climate, earth system models
should include dynamic particle-size-dependent remineralization depths.
Radiative transfer modeling with BGC-Argo ﬂoat data in the
Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Terzić Elena , Miró Arnau , Lazzari Paolo , Organelli Emanuele , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A radiative transfer model was parameterized and validated using Biogeochemical Argo float data acquired between 2012 and 2017 across the Mediterranean Sea. Fluorescence-derived chlorophyll a concentration, particle backscattering at 700 nm and fluorescence of colored dissolved organic matter were used to parametrize the light absorption and scattering coefficients of the optically significant water constituents (pure water, non-algal particles, colored dissolved organic matter and phytoplankton). The model was validated with in-situ downwelling irradiance profiles and irradiance-derived apparent optical properties from satellite data, such as the diffuse attenuation coefficients and remote sensing reflectance. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that a three-platform comparison of such kind is performed between model, floats and satellites. Results showed that by using regional parameterizations that are not only related to chlorophyll concentration and vertical distribution, the model was able to capture a more accurate spectral response in the examined wavelength range compared to chlorophyll-related (or Case 1) optical models. When using alternative models that incorporated also measurements of colored dissolved organic matter fluorescence or particulate optical backscattering, the model skill increased at all examined wavelengths. A series of upgrades, such as the inclusion of temperature and salinity data for the modification of the pure water absorption spectra, a refined pure water absorption model, as well as the correction of regional algorithms that had overestimated the pure water contribution in the blue, all contributed to improve the model performance. Finally, using a multi-spectral optical configuration enabled to estimate also the relative contribution of separate water constituents in the examined spectral range. Simulations including non-algal particles and colored dissolved organic matter performed up to 60 % and 76 % better than when considering the optical properties of pure seawater alone. Moreover, a simulation including phytoplankton absorption resulted in an error reduction of up to 43 %, especially at 412 nm and with a more uniform response at the wavelengths considered. Such studies can therefore also tackle the bio-optically anomalous nature of the Mediterranean Sea, and show that non-chlorophyll-related constituents (i.e. non-algal particles and colored dissolved organic matter) can substantially modulate the underwater light field in the blue.
Lagrangian detection of precipitation moisture sources for an arid region in northeast Greenland: relations to the North Atlantic Oscillation, sea ice cover, and temporal trends from 1979 to 2017
Authors: Schuster Lilian , Maussion Fabien , Langhamer Lukas , Moseley Gina E.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Temperature in northeast Greenland is expected to rise at a faster rate than the global average as a consequence of anthropogenic climate change. Associated with this temperature rise, precipitation is also expected to increase as a result of increased evaporation from a warmer and ice-free Arctic Ocean. In recent years, numerous palaeoclimate projects have begun working in the region with the aim of improving our understanding of how this highly sensitive region responds to a warmer world. However, a lack of meteorological stations within the area makes it difficult to place the palaeoclimate records in the context of present-day climate. This study aims to improve our understanding of precipitation and moisture source dynamics over a small arid region located at 80∘ N in northeast Greenland. The origin of water vapour for precipitation over the study region is detected by a Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic, which is applied to reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-Interim) from 1979 to 2017. While precipitation amounts are relatively constant during the year, the regional moisture sources display a strong seasonality. The most dominant winter moisture sources are the North Atlantic above 45∘ N and the ice-free Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean, while in summer the patterns shift towards local and north Eurasian continental sources. During the positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), evaporation and moisture transport from the Norwegian Sea are stronger, resulting in larger and more variable precipitation amounts. Testing the hypothesis that retreating sea ice will lead to an increase in moisture supply remains challenging based on our data. However, we found that moisture sources are increasing in the case of retreating sea ice for some regions, in particular in October to December. Although the annual mean surface temperature in the study region has increased by 0.7 ∘C per decade (95 % confidence interval [0.4, 1.0] ∘C per decade) according to ERA-Interim data, we do not detect any change in the amount of precipitation with the exception of autumn where precipitation increases by 8.2 [0.8, 15.5] mm per decade over the period. This increase is consistent with future predicted Arctic precipitation change. Moisture source trends for other months and regions were non-existent or small.
'OK Boomer': Internet Memes as Consciousness Building
Authors: Anderson Morgan , Keehn Gabriel
Published: January 2021

While the role of the internet and social media in influencing political organizing has gained the attention of scholars in recent years, less attention has been paid to the social influence of internet memes specifically. Internet memes, generally understood as an image overlaid with a word or series of words, have become a ubiquitous form of communication, especially for younger generations. A recent notable example is the emergence of the “OK Boomer” meme. Meant to express the political frustration of Millennials and younger generations with what they see as a fundamentally inequitable and hostile political landscape, the OK Boomer meme has become a shorthand way of signaling one’s understanding of the deepening structural inequalities that present unprecedented challenges for our nation’s youth. By outlining the sociopolitical and economic conditions that precipitated the OK Boomer meme, we argue that internet memes can be understood as consciousness building work that is a necessary precondition for political organizing. Lastly, we discuss the OK Boomer meme as a form of public pedagogy.
Teaching for Critical Consciousness During the Student Debt Crisis
Authors: Bruno Gregory
Published: January 2021

These teaching notes describe one educator’s experience facilitating dialogue around student debt and college cost in the first-year writing class. Rooted in the work of Paulo Freire, particular attention is paid to the role of critical pedagogy and meaning-making practices in these complex political and economic contexts.
Aportaciones a la brioflora neotropical de la Argentina: Hepáticas foliosas (Jungermanniidae, Marchantiophyta)
Authors: Fuertes Esther , Prada Carmen
Published: January 2021

Se presenta un catálogo de 25 especies de hepáticas foliosas pertenecientes a 9 familias: Adelanthaceae, Balantiopsidaceae, Calypogeiaceae, Frullaniaceae, Herbertaceae, Lejeuneaceae, Lophocoleaceae, Porellaceae y Radulaceae, recolectadas en bosques neotropicales húmedos-hiperhúmedos del NE y NO de la Argentina. Once taxones son exclusivos del Dominio Amazónico de la Región Neotropical; 5 presentan una distribución Neotropical en los Dominios Amazónico y Chaqueño; Isotachis serrulata, Triandrophyllum subtrifidum var. trifidum, Heteroscyphus integrifolius y Radula voluta tienen una distribución disyunta Neotropical (Dominio Amazónico)-Antártica. Por último, para Frullania ericoides, Frullania glomerata, Lophocolea leptantha, Leptoscyphus expansus y Syzygiella sonderi, se amplía su área de distribución a los tres dominios fitogeográficos en la Argentina: Amazónico y Chaqueño de la Región Neotropical y Subantártico, de la Región Antártica. Se indica la preferencia de hábitat, distribución en Argentina por provincias administrativas y distribución fitogeográfica de cada taxón, así como mapas de distribución de algunas especies. Se aportan seis nuevas citas provinciales para Jujuy, tres para Salta y siete para Tucumán
Elaboration and Quality of Greek Yogurt (labneh) from Buffalo Milk Supplemented with Plus açaí jelly (Euterpe oleracea Mart.)
Authors: Da Silva Wagner Barreto , Lourenço-Costa Vanessa Vieira , Campos Higo Otávio Brochado , Dos Santos Wânia Mendonça , Bezerra Andréia Santana , Da Silva Jamile Andréa Rodrigues , Lourenço-Júnior José De Brito
Published: January 2021

Buffalo milk has a high nutritional value, with high fat, protein, and mineral levels. Its derivatives yield exceeds by 40% those derived from bovine milk. As a way to take advantage of this quality, Greek yogurt (Labneh) is an alternative to add value to this important product. Thus, this work aims to prepare Greek yogurt with buffalo milk, added with açaí jelly (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), to carry out physical-chemical, microbiological, sensory, and texture profile analyzes in buffalo milk, Greek yogurt, and in açaí jelly. Natural Greek yogurt had an acceptability index of 90.11% and Greek yogurt with açaí jelly, 93.11%, which constitutes an alternative for regional raw material valorization, with excellent acceptability, high nutritional value, and outstanding physical-chemical and microbiological quality. Thus, this derivative is indicated for special programs supported by the City Halls and/or Government of Pará state, as a way of generating income and employment for communities producing buffalo milk and açaí.
Evaluation of the Ex-situ Reproductive Capacity of Flemingia faginea (Guill.& Perr.) Baker, a Species of Medicinal Value in Burkina Faso
Authors: Gnoumou Assan , Nana Raymond , Daboué Edith Marie Sylvie , Ouédraogo Amadé
Published: January 2021

In Burkina Faso, medicinal plants are used mainly by the most vulnerable populations (70%). This study aims to promote the ex-situ reproduction of Flemingia faginea to make it accessible as a remedy for high blood pressure. Sexual reproduction of Flemingia faginea was carried out to evaluate the effect of 2 pre-germination treatments on the seeds’ germination rate. One pre-germination treatement included soaking seeds in tap water for 24h (T1), another soaking in boiling water until cooling for 24h (T2) while the control experiment did not have any pre-germination treatments (T0). We used seeds from two provenances: North-Sudanian (NS) and South-Sudanian (SS). The germination percentage and mean germination time (MGT) were calculated; additionally, the seedling height, diameter, leaves production were monitored for 2 months. The variance analyses fit to tukeys tests were used to compare the effects of the various treatments on germination rate, mean germination time and seedling growth. The best germination rate was obtained with T0 (96% NS and 79% SS). The best mean germination time (MGT) was 7.25 days T2. The best seedling growth was obtained with T0 and T1 (P=0.000). As the provenance is concerned, the NS provenance was the best source for germination capacity, for the best seedling growth. A test using seeds from NS combined at T0 conditions provides optimal conditions for production of F. faginea at almost no cost to the local population.
Shaking table tests on a model retaining wall
Authors: Sim Lai Cho , Berrill J. B.
Published: January 2021

Shaking table tests of a model gravity retaining wall are described. The tests were designed to check the validity of the simple analytical model of wall behaviour proposed by Elms and Richards in a companion paper. The results show that the wall translates outwards in a stepwise fashion under strong shaking as predicted by the analytical model, and that with one minor exception the assumptions underlying the model appear correct.
Miocene Rocks Around the Marádah Oasis, Central Sirt Basin, Libya: Facies Development and Implication on Stratigraphy
Authors: Abdulsamad Esam O. , Emhanna Saleh A. , Fergani Ramzi S. , Hamad Hamad N. , Makhlouf Moataz A. , Asbeekhah Hamad A. , Khalifa Ali K. , Al Riaydh Mohammed H.
Published: January 2021

The Miocene rocks of the Marádah Formation have been stratigraphically investigated from four stratigraphical sections around the Marádah Oasis in the Central Sirt Basin of Libya. The field investigations led to the identification of two members, the lower Qarat Jahannam Member and the upper Ar Ráhlah Member. Fourteen sedimentary facies at the outcrop-scale representing a gradual development of sedimentation from a continental clastic witness in the southwestern outcrops to transitional estuarine, lagoonal, and beaches to the proximal offshore in the northern outcrops, were recognized. The results indicates that the accumulation of the Marádah Formation is transgressive in nature and corresponding to two phases of deposition which have been mentioned in the earlier studies.

The first phase is continental-dominated facies in which cross-bedded sandstones and calcareous sands comprise most of the depositional sequence of the lower Qarat Jahannam Member at the southwestern outcrops. This phase, however, is characterized by extremely bioturbated laminated-shale conquered by Skolithos ichnofacies in the lower part of the upper Ar Ráhlah Member at the northern outcrops. This phase is providing further evidence that the contact between the two members is diachronous everywhere in the study area. The clastic-phase has thought to be deposited in the Lower Miocene (Aquitanian-Burdigalian) since the lower Qarat Jahannam Member rests on an erosional surface of submarine origin in the southwestern outcrops above a 0.5 m. thick of a nummulitic unit of the Oligocene Bu Hashish Formation.

The second phase is marine-dominated facies in which a bioclastic limestone unit rich in thick and disarticulated oysters, including Crassostrea gryphoides (Schlottheim), characterizes the sediments of the Ar Ráhlah Member at the southwestern outcrops. This phase also includes the upper part of the latter member at the northern outcrops in which a detrital limestone unit rich in turritelline gastropods is overlying by thick-bedded calcarenites rich in disarticulated oysters, gastropods, irregular echinoids (notably, Clypeaster and Echinolampas), bryozoans, and celestite corals. The upper part of the Ar Ráhlah Member at the northern outcrops, nevertheless, is terminated by a quite hard dolomitic limestone and by a pretty soft dolomitic marly limestone. Both lithologies, however, are combined with medium-sized oysters, including Ostrea digitalina Fuchs, and pectinid bivalves. The second phase, however, is interpreted to be deposited in the Middle Miocene (Langhian and Serravallian) based on the total-stratigraphic range of the larger benthic foraminifera Borelis melo melo (Fichtel & Moll), which recovered from the studied washed residues, and the associated microfacies.
Confirmation of Cage Effect and Prebiotic Production Potential of a β-Mannanase, with SBM as Substrate Using Microscopy and Wet Chemistry
Authors: Gomez-Osorio L. M. , Oh Hwa Gyun , Lee Jung Jin
Published: January 2021

In vitro assays were carried out to investigate the solubilization of cell walls and generation of mannan oligosaccharides of a b-mannanase-containing commercial product on SBM. Using commercial dosages of the b-mannanase (500 g per ton of feed) cell wall degradation of mannan in SBM cell walls was visualized and an increase in reducing ends (0.12±0.02 mg/mL) and the generation of mannan oligosaccharides of degree of polymerization 2 and 4 (22.9±3.2 mg/L and 398.8±25.4 mg/L) were also measured using HPLC. Mannan, which is H-bonded to cellulose and xyloglucan, was solubilized using a single monocomponent enzyme, allowing for visualization of the disintegration of the entire SBM cell wall structure. This work is the first of its kind using strictly commercial dosage levels of enzyme for evaluating efficacy of the same microscopically. These data confirm the hypothesis that there most likely is a need for only a single relevant NSP enzyme targeting its specific substrate, independent of the concentration of the latter within the complex polysaccharide matrix in the plant cell wall to experience the beneficial effects of the enzyme both in vitro and in vivo. An analogy to compare our data would be destruction of the foundation (mannan) of a building or a bridge (soybean cell wall) which would inevitably lead to dismantling or demolition the entire building or bridge.
Effects of bamboo leaf extract on the production performance, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen bacterial communities of heat-stressed dairy cows
Authors: Li Yi , Fang Luoyun , Xue Fuguang , Mao Shengyong , Xiong Benhai , Ma Zhu , Jiang Linshu
Published: January 2021

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bamboo leaf extract (BLE) on the production performance, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen bacterial communities of heat-stressed dairy cows.Methods: The experiment comprised a 14-day adaptation period and a 21-day experimental period and was conducted in a high-temperature and humidity environment (daily mean ambient temperature = 33.5°C±1.3°C; daily mean relative humidity = 64.9%±0.8%, daily mean temperature-humidity index = 86.2±0.4). Twelve Holstein dairy cows were randomly allocated into two groups. A total mixed ration supplemented with BLE at 0 (CON) and 1.3 g/kg dry matter (DM) were fed, respectively. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk samples were collected on 1, 11, and 21 d of the experimental period to analyze milk performance. Rumen fluid samples were collected on 21 d of the experimental period to analyze rumen fermentation parameters and rumen bacterial communities.Results: Compared with the control group, supplementation of BLE increased milk yield (p<0.01), milk fat yield (p = 0.04), 4% fat-corrected milk (p<0.01) and milk fat content (p<0.01); reduced somatic cell count (p<0.01). No differences in DM intake and milk protein or lactose content were observed between two groups. Supplementation of BLE also increased the rumen total volatile fatty acid (p<0.01), acetate (p<0.01), butyrate (p<0.01), and valerate (p = 0.05) concentrations. However, no significant effects were observed on rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, propionate, acetate/propionate ratio, isobutyrate, or isovalerate. Furthermore, BLE increased the rumen bacterial abundance and the diversity of the rumen bacterial community. The BLE reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes abundance ratio and increased the abundances of Butyrivibrio_2 (p<0.01) and Ruminococcus_2 (p<0.01).Conclusion: The BLE supplementation at 1.3 g/kg DM could improve production performance and rumen fermentation in dairy cows during heat stress.
Effects of feed form and particle size on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gastric health in growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Jo Yun Yeong , Choi Myung Jae , Chung Woo Lim , Hong Jin Su , Lim Jong Seon , Kim Yoo Yong
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed processing and particle size on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gastric health in growing-finishing pigs.Methods: A total of 360 growing pigs (22.64±0.014 kg initial body weight [BW]) were allocated to 1 of 6 treatments with 6 replicates by BW and sex, and 10 pigs were housed in one pen in a randomized complete block design. The BW and feed intake were recorded to calculate growth performance. For the digestibility trial, a total of 24 barrows with an initial BW of 33.65±0.372 kg were split into 6 treatments with a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were designed by a 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments based on two main factors, particle size (600, 750, 900 μm) and feed form (mash and pellet) of diet. Experimental diets were formulated to contain the requirements of the NRC (2012).Results: The BW and average daily gain were not changed by dietary treatments, and the feed intake of finishing pigs (wks 6 to 12) was increased when the pigs were fed a mash diet (p<0.05). For the overall period, the feed efficiency of pigs was improved with the pellet diet (p<0.01) and reduced particle size (p<0.05). The pellet diet had effects on increasing crude fat digestibility (p<0.01) relative to a mash diet, but there was no considerable change in dry matter and crude protein digestibilities by dietary treatments. In the evaluation of gastric health, a trend for an increased incidence of keratinization in the esophageal region was observed as particle size decreased (p = 0.07).Conclusion: Feed efficiency could be improved by pellet diet and reduced particle size. Nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gastric health were not affected by feed form, and particle size ranged from 600 to 900 μm.