bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Development of Type 2 Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter
Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Estrada Ana Karen , Delgado-Maldonado Timoteo , Lara-Ramírez Edgar E. , Martínez-Vázquez Ana Verónica , Ortiz-Pérez Eyra , Paz-González Alma D. , Bandyopadhyay Debasish , Rivera Gildardo
Published: August 2021

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most serious and prevalent
diseases worldwide. In the last decade, type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (iSGLT2) were
approved as alternative drugs for the pharmacological treatment of T2DM. The anti-hyperglycemic
mechanism of action of these drugs involves glycosuria. In addition, SGLT2 inhibitors cause beneficial
effects such as weight loss, a decrease in blood pressure, and others.

Objective:

This review aimed to describe the origin of SGLT2 inhibitors and analyze their recent development
in preclinical and clinical trials.

Results:

In 2013, the FDA approved SGLT2 inhibitors as a new alternative for the treatment of
T2DM. These drugs have shown good tolerance with few adverse effects in clinical trials. Additionally,
new potential anti-T2DM agents based on iSGLT2 (O-, C-, and N-glucosides) have exhibited a
favorable profile in preclinical evaluations, making them candidates for advanced clinical trials.

Conclusion:

The clinical results of SGLT2 inhibitors show the importance of this drug class as new
anti-T2DM agents with a potential dual effect. Additionally, the preclinical results of SGLT2 inhibitors
favor the design and development of more selective new agents. However, several adverse effects
could be a potential risk for patients.
Burden of Chronic Conditions Among Persons with HIV/AIDS and Psychiatric Comorbidity
Authors: Chhatre Sumedha , Woody George , Metzger David S , Jayadevappa Ravishankar
Published: August 2021

Background:

Improved survivorship among persons living with HIV translates into a
higher risk of medical comorbidities.

Objective :

We assessed the association between the intersection of physical (HIV) and mental
health (psychiatric) conditions and intermediate outcomes.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)-
Household Component between 1996 and 2016. We created four groups for persons aged ≥18: (1)
HIV + psychiatric comorbidity, (2) HIV, (3) psychiatric comorbidity, and (4) no-HIV/no-psychiatric
comorbidity. We compared the burden of medical comorbidities (metabolic disorders, cardiovascular
disease, cancers, infectious diseases, pain, and substance use) among groups using chisquare
tests. We used logistic regression to determine the association between group status and
medical comorbidity.

Results:

Of 218,133,630 (weighted) persons aged ≥18, 0.18% were HIV-positive. Forty-three percent
of the HIV group and 19% of the no-HIV group had psychiatric comorbidities. Half of the
HIV+ psychiatric disorder group had at least one medical comorbidity. Compared to the no-
HIV/no-psychiatric comorbidity group, the HIV + psychiatric comorbidity group had the highest
odds of medical comorbidity (OR= 3.69, 95% CI = 2.99, 4.52).

Conclusion:

Persons presenting with HIV + psychiatric comorbidity had higher odds of medical comorbidities
of pain, cancer, cardiovascular disease, substance use, metabolic disorders and infectious
diseases, beyond that experienced by persons with HIV infection or psychiatric disorders, independently.
Future research will focus on the mediating effects of social determinants and biological
factors on outcomes such as the quality of life, cost and mortality. This will facilitate a shift
away from the single-disease framework and compress morbidity of the aging cohort of HIV-infected
persons.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of HBV and HCV Co-Infection Among People Living with HIV in an Egyptian Setting
Authors: El-Ghitany Engy Mohamed , Farghaly Azza Galal , Alkassabany Yasmine Mohammed
Published: August 2021

Background:

Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections constitute a global health concern. They share common modes
of transmission, increasing the likelihood of co-infection. Co-infection accelerates viral replication,
promotes the progression of chronic liver diseases and challenges antiviral therapy. There are no
available data addressing the magnitude of chronic viral hepatitis co-infection in people living with
HIV in Egypt. Nor is there a mandate for HCV/HBV screening. This cross-sectional study provides
needed data on HBV and/or HCV co-infection in Egyptian people living with HIV.

Subjects and Methods:

The study was conducted at the HIV clinic in Alexandria Fever Hospital.
The investigation included 168 confirmed HIV cases. All cases were interviewed and tested for
HCV-Ab and HBsAg by ELISA.

Results:

There were 52 (31%) persons who were anti-HCV positive. 40 of them had detectable
HCV RNA (76.9%). HIV/HCV co-infection was significantly higher among males (40.7%) compared
to only (10.9%) among females (OR = 3). History of imprisonment (OR = 4.84, CI:
1.33-17.62), accidental puncture with protruding needle contaminated with blood (OR = 3.35, CI:
0.99-11.72), alcohol use (OR = 3.03, CI: 1.13-8.09) and male gender (OR = 2.96, CI: 0.99-8.88)
were all significant predictors for HIV/HCV co-infection. On the other hand, HIV/HCV co-infection
was inversely associated with high education level (OR = 0.28, CI: 0.10-0.76). HBsAg was detected
in 4 (2.4%), and anti-HBc in 49 (29.2%) of HIV patients. Previous HBV infection (positive
anti-HBc/negative anti-HBs) was significantly associated with a history of female genital mutilation
circumcision, injection drug use, invasive procedures, non-specific fatigue and HCV-Ab seropositivity.

Conclusion:

Egyptian people living with HIV have an increased frequency of HCV antibody and
HCV infection compared to the general population indicating a higher risk of infection and suggest
a higher risk of HCV exposure. Past or present HBV co-infections are also elevated. Routine
screening of these viruses in the management protocol of people living with HIV in Egypt is recommended.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of Pyrrolo [2,1-α] Isoquinolines via One-Pot Four-
Component Reaction
Authors: Aminkhani Ali , Sharifi Sina
Published: August 2021

An efficient four-component reaction to synthesize pyrrolo [2,1-a] isoquinolines from
malononitrile, aromatic aldehydes, isoquinoline, and cyclohexyl isocyanide under solvent-free
conditions is described. In a convenient, simple, and efficient one-pot procedure, the domino
Knoevenagel-nucleophilic cycloaddition reaction affords excellent yields of products in less
than 1 h.
Identification of Key Histone Modifications and Hub Genes for Colorectal Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Zhai Yuan-Yuan , Li Qian-Zhong , Chen Ying-Li , Zhang Lu-Qiang
Published: August 2021

Background:

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and its reverse Mesenchymal-
Epithelial Transition (MET) are essential for tumor cells metastasis. However, the effect of epigenetic
modifications on this transition is unclear.

Objective:

We aimed to explore the key histone modifications and hub genes of EMT/MET during Colorectal
Cancer (CRC) metastasis.

Method:

The differentially expressed genes and differentially histone modified genes were identified.
Based on the histone modification features, the up- and down-regulated genes were predicted by Random
Forest algorithm. Through protein-protein interaction network and Cytoscape analysis, the hub
genes with histone modification changes were selected. GO, KEGG and survival analyses were performed
to confirm the importance of the hub genes.

Results:

It was found that H3K79me3 plays an important role in EMT/MET. And the 200-300bp and
400-500bp downstream of TSS may be the key regulatory regions of H3K79me3. Moreover, we found
that the expression of the hub genes was down-regulated in EMT and then up-regulated in MET. And
the changes of the hub genes expression were consistent with the changes of H3K79me3 signal in the
specific regions of the genome. Finally, the hub genes KRT8 and KRT18 were involved in the metastasis
process and were significantly related to the survival time.

Conclusion:

H3K79me3 may be crucial for EMT/MET, and the hub genes KRT8 and KRT18 may be
the key genes in this process.
Dehydrocostus Lactone Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through Regulation
of JAK2/STAT3/PLK1 Signaling Pathway in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell
Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Yang Ganghua , Sheng Binwu , Li Ruixiang , Xu Qinhong , Zhang Lei , Lu Zhengyang
Published: August 2021

Background:

Dehydrocostus lactone (DEH), one of the sesquiterpene lactones, has shown extensive pharmaceutical
activities, including anti-cancer activity. However, its effects on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
(ESCC) cells are still unknown.

Objective:

To investigate the effect of DEH on ESCC cells and the underling molecular mechanisms.

Method:

The cell proliferation was tested using CCK-8 and colony formation assay. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow
cytometry, hoechst staining and caspase-3 activity assay. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. IL-6 (STAT3
activator) was used to activate JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect intracellular
location of STAT3. SiRNA transfection was performed to knock down the expression of PLK1. The protein expression
was analyzed by western blotting assay.

Result:

DHE treatment significantly reduced the viability of ESCC cells through apoptosis induction and cell cycle
arrest. Furthermore, DHE treatment significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. IF assay showed
that the distribution of STAT3 in the nucleus was decreased by DHE treatment. In addition, coculture with IL-6 significantly
prevented the inhibition of phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 by DHE treatment and partly reversed the
effect of DHE on ESCC cells. Moreover, DHE treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of PLK1, which
was partly reversed by IL-6 coculture. Finally, knock down of PLK1 using siRNA reduced the viability of ESCC cells
and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrated that DHE has a potent anti-cancer effect on ESCC cells through apoptosis induction
and cell cycle arrest via JAK2/STAT3/PLK signaling pathway.
Advancements in the Use of Platinum Complexes as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Chawla Pooja A. , Sharma Rajiv , Singh Vikram Jeet
Published: August 2021

Background:

The platinum (II) complexes as anticancer agents have been well explored for the development
of novel analogs. Yet, none of them achieved clinical importance in oncology. At present, anticancer compounds
containing platinum (II) complexes have been employed in the treatment of colorectal, lung, and genitourinary tumors.
Among the platinum-based anticancer drugs, Cisplatin (cis-diamine dichloroplatinum (II), cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]) is one of
the most potent components of cancer chemotherapy. The nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity, and platinum
compounds associated resistant cancer are some major disadvantages.

Objective:

With the rapidly growing interest in platinum (II) complexes in tumor chemotherapy, researchers have
synthesized many new platinum analogs as anticancer agents that show better cytotoxicity, and less off-target effects
with less cellular resistance. This follows the introduction of oxaliplatin, water-soluble carboplatin, multinuclear platinum
and newly synthesized complexes, etc.

Method:

This review emphasizes recent advancements in drug design and development, the mechanism of platinum
(II) complexes, their stereochemistry, current updates, and biomedical applications of platinum-based anticancer
agents.

Conclusion:

In the last few decades, the popularity of platinum complexes as potent anti-cancer agents has risen as
scientists have synthesized many new platinum complexes that exhibit better cytotoxicity coupled with less off-target
effects.
A Detailed Review on Herbal Treatments for Treatment of PCOS- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Wal Ankita , Wal Pranay , Saraswat Nikita , Wadhwa Simran
Published: August 2021

The review gives a brief about PCOS and the symptoms related to the disease. Around
2.2 to 26% of cases of PCOS are present globally. The disorder generally occurs in the reproductive
age group of women. The review has a mention of few herbs which can be used to correct the
diseased condition. The various herbs have a positive effect on the diseased condition and can be
used to cure symptoms like hypothyroidism, hyperplasia, obesity, diabetes, Menorrhagia, sleep disturbances,
cardiovascular problems, hyperlipidemia, hirsutism, infertility, irregular menstrual cycle,
etc. The search engines used are PubMed, various review articles, etc. The method involved in
the review includes various medicinal herbs that have been seen to affect women having various gynecological
disorders like Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome, Uterine Fibroids, and Endometriosis.
The herbs included in the review include Bauhinia variegata useful in hormone imbalance, Phyllanthus
emblica, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, and Commiphora wightii are used to regulate
the hormones, Cinnamon cassia acts as an anti-oxidant, Tribulus terrestris improves reproductive
dysfunction, Hypericum perforatum regulates depression, Commiphora myrrha prevents menorrhagia,
Nigella sativa controls cholesterol, Saraca asoca has estrogenic action, Asparagus racemosus
promotes folliculogenesis, Tinospora cordifolia regulates menstrual flow, Ocimum sanctum
as an anti-oxidant. The plants taken had a positive effect on women with PCOS without causing
any side effects. The natural herbs used for the treatment of PCOS did not have any side effects
and treated the diseased condition naturally. This review aims to understand the natural plants available
for the treatment of the disease naturally. The herbs can be used individually or can be used in
combination.
Electrochemotherapy in the Treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Single
Centre Cohort Study and a Comparison with the Literature Data
Authors: Savoia Paola , Cammarata Edoardo , Giorgione Roberto , Andreassi Marco , Airoldi Chiara
Published: August 2021

Background:

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a tumor of endothelial derivation, which primarily affects the skin and is mainly related to the type 8 Human Herpesvirus (HHV8). Its onset is favored by immunosuppression, although the most common form is the classic or spo-radic KS mainly developing in elderly men of Mediterranean and Eastern European origin. Dif-ferent therapeutic options are available, depending on the clinical variant, progression pattern, and comorbidities. The treatment of localized forms includes surgical excision, laser treatment, cryosurgery, radiotherapy, imiquimod 5%, and intra-lesion injection of cytotoxic drugs; on the other hand, the treatment of widespread disease encompasses radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Methods:

In this scenario, Electrochemotherapy (ECT), has shown to be an effective alternative to traditional treatment for disseminated KS skin lesions. The rationale of ECT relies on the lo-cal application of short, high-voltage electric pulses, able to open transient pores in the cell membrane (reversible electroporation that increases the delivery of some poorly permeant cyto-toxic agents into the cytosol.

Results:

Herein, we performed a retrospective analysis on 9 KS patients treated with ECT at our center between June 2016 and January 2020. The rate of Complete Response (CR) was 77.8% after the first cycle of treatment and 88.9% after the second course, with an overall response (OR) of 100%.

Conclusion:

Sustained local control of treated lesions was present in 77.8% of patients 6 months after the treatment and all of them reported only mild local toxicity, together with an excellent functional and cosmetic outcome, in agreement with data obtained from the compari-son with the recent literature.
Planes de desplazamiento de empresa: una propuesta para mejorar la movilidad en el área metropolitana de Lima y Callao
Authors: Córdova-Chavez Lucia Salome , Santa María-Dávila Edward
Published: August 2021

El presente documento tiene como objetivo analizar las características y comportamientos de la movilidad al trabajo de un grupo de trabajadores en el Área Metropolitana de Lima y Callao, con el fin de proponer lineamientos para la implementación de los Planes de desplazamiento de empresa (PDE) como política pública para gestionar la demanda de viajes. Para ello, se efectuó un estudio de casos aplicado a 168 trabajadores distribuidos en 31 organizaciones públicas y privadas. Se aplicó encuestas y entrevistas como herramientas para recopilar información cuantitativa y cualitativa de movilidad. El procesamiento de la información permitió caracterizar a la muestra y determinar la tasa de viajes que equivale a 3.6 viajes/día (incluyendo todos los modos de transporte y motivos de viaje), del cual en promedio 1.3 viajes/día son por motivo al trabajo y 1.4 viajes/día se da preferentemente en transporte público. En base a ello y otras características de uso de suelo y transporte de los trabajadores, se planteó un conjunto de estrategias a ser implementadas por las organizaciones para fomentar los desplazamientos sostenibles, como la instalación de duchas y cicloparqueaderos en el trabajo para fomentar el uso de la bicicleta, incentivos monetarios para el uso de transporte público y aplicaciones móviles para practicar el carpooling entre compañeros de trabajo para optimizar los desplazamientos y en parte reducirlos.
Manajemen Pelayanan Kampus Inklusif (Studi pada Pusat Studi dan Layanan Disabilitas Universitas Brawijaya)
Authors: Masadhe Aldilla Reyndha , Sjamsuddin Sjamsiar , Amin Fadillah
Published: August 2021

This type of descriptive research using qualitative methods aims to describe and analyze the implementation of inclusive campus service management (planning, organizing, actuating, controlling) and service quality for students with disabilities at Universitas Brawijaya as an Inclusive Campus along with the supporting factors and obstacle factors of services. The results showed that the service management of the Inclusive Campus at PSLD UB has been running well, preparing competent human resources and caring for students with disabilities, implementing work programs that support services for students with disabilities (recruitment of volunteers, providing counseling and companion tutors), conducting socialization and disability awareness training for academicians, and actively providing studies on disability issues. Inclusive Campus Services in terms of quality dimensions of public services are implemented quite well; including reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and physical evidence of services. The several obstacles in the implementation of the services are; the availability of facilities and infrastructures based on the Universal Design, the weakness of planning and supervision process in the building development that are friendly for people with disabilities.
Deep Learning With Anaphora Resolution for the Detection of Tweeters With Depression: Algorithm Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wongkoblap Akkapon , Vadillo Miguel A , Curcin Vasa
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Mental health problems are widely recognized as a major public health challenge worldwide. This concern highlights the need to develop effective tools for detecting mental health disorders in the population. Social networks are a promising source of data wherein patients publish rich personal information that can be mined to extract valuable psychological cues; however, these data come with their own set of challenges, such as the need to disambiguate between statements about oneself and third parties. Traditionally, natural language processing techniques for social media have looked at text classifiers and user classification models separately, hence presenting a challenge for researchers who want to combine text sentiment and user sentiment analysis.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to develop a predictive model that can detect users with depression from Twitter posts and instantly identify textual content associated with mental health topics. The model can also address the problem of anaphoric resolution and highlight anaphoric interpretations.

METHODS

We retrieved the data set from Twitter by using a regular expression or stream of real-time tweets comprising 3682 users, of which 1983 self-declared their depression and 1699 declared no depression. Two multiple instance learning models were developed—one with and one without an anaphoric resolution encoder—to identify users with depression and highlight posts related to the mental health of the author. Several previously published models were applied to our data set, and their performance was compared with that of our models.

RESULTS

The maximum accuracy, F1 score, and area under the curve of our anaphoric resolution model were 92%, 92%, and 90%, respectively. The model outperformed alternative predictive models, which ranged from classical machine learning models to deep learning models.

CONCLUSIONS

Our model with anaphoric resolution shows promising results when compared with other predictive models and provides valuable insights into textual content that is relevant to the mental health of the tweeter.
#DebunkingDesire: Sexual Science, Social Media, and Strategy in the Pursuit of Knowledge Dissemination (Preprint)
Authors: Lavery Brynn Marie , Nelson Melissa , Firican Diana , Prestley Nicole , Kumru Rayka , Jabs Faith , O'Loughlin Julia , Brotto Lori Anne
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Approximately 1 in 3 women experience low sexual desire. Despite this being a common concern, many women never seek professional help for their difficulties and will instead turn to online resources for information.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to address this need for digitally-accessible, evidence-based information on low sexual desire by creating a social media Knowledge Translation (KT) campaign aimed at women called #DebunkingDesire.

METHODS

Our team led a 10 month social media campaign where our primary outcomes for the campaign were impressions, reach, and engagement.

RESULTS

We generated over 300,000 social media impressions; appeared on 11 different podcasts that were listened to/downloaded 154,700 times; hosted and participated in eight online events; and attracted website users from 110 different countries.

CONCLUSIONS

Over the course of the campaign we learned many lessons on what worked for advertising our content and the importance of creating community for this population. Based on our campaign results, we recommend that others pursuing KT campaigns use social media, collaborate with a Patient Partner, and consider social media ads and podcasts to meet reach goals.
Social Support Among Women With Potential Essure-Related Complaints: Analysis of Facebook Group Content (Preprint)
Authors: van Gastel Daniëlle , Antheunis Marjolijn L , Tenfelde Kim , van de Graaf Daniëlle L , Geerts Marieke , Nieboer Theodoor E , Bongers Marlies Y
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Social support groups are an important resource for people to cope with problems. Previous studies have reported the different types of support in these groups, but little is known about the type of reactions that sharing of personal experiences induce among members. It is important to know how and to what extent members of support groups influence each other regarding the consumption of medical care. We researched this in a web-based Facebook group of women sterilized with Essure. Essure was a device intended for permanent contraception. From 2015 onward, women treated with Essure for tubal occlusion raised safety concerns and numerous complaints.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the use of social support in a Facebook community named “Essure problemen Nederland” (EPN; in English, “Essure problems in the Netherlands”).

METHODS

All posts in the closed Facebook group EPN between March 8 and May 8, 2018, were included. In total, 3491 Facebook posts were analyzed using a modified version of the Social Support Behavior Codes framework created by Cutrona and Suhr in 1992. Posts were abstracted and aggregated into a database. Two investigators evaluated the posts, developed a modified version of the Social Support Behavior Codes framework, and applied the codes to the collected data.

RESULTS

We found that 92% of messages contained a form of social support. In 68.8% of posts, social support was provided, and in 31.2% of posts, social support was received. Informational and emotional support was the most frequently used form of provided social support (40.6% and 55.5%, respectively). The same distribution was seen with received social support: informational support in 81.5% and emotional support in 17.4% of cases. Our analysis showed a strong correlation between providing or receiving social support and the main form of social support (P<.001). In a total of only 74 (2.2%) cases, women advised each other to seek medical care.

CONCLUSIONS

The main purpose of women in the EPN Facebook group was to provide and receive informational or emotional support or both.
Metabolite Biomarkers of CKD Progression in Children
Authors: Denburg Michelle R. , Xu Yunwen , Abraham Alison G. , Coresh Josef , Chen Jingsha , Grams Morgan E. , Feldman Harold I. , Kimmel Paul L. , Rebholz Casey M. , Rhee Eugene P. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Warady Bradley A. , Furth Susan L. ,   for the CKD Biomarkers Consortium
Published: August 2021

Background and objectives

Metabolomics facilitates the discovery of biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for CKD progression.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We evaluated an untargeted metabolomics quantification of stored plasma samples from 645 Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) participants. Metabolites were standardized and logarithmically transformed. Cox proportional hazards regression examined the association between 825 nondrug metabolites and progression to the composite outcome of KRT or 50% reduction of eGFR, adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, hypertension, glomerular versus nonglomerular diagnosis, proteinuria, and baseline eGFR. Stratified analyses were performed within subgroups of glomerular/nonglomerular diagnosis and baseline eGFR.

Results

Baseline characteristics were 391 (61%) male; median age 12 years; median eGFR 54 ml/min per 1.73 m2; 448 (69%) nonglomerular diagnosis. Over a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 209 (32%) participants developed the composite outcome. Unique association signals were identified in subgroups of baseline eGFR. Among participants with baseline eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, two-fold higher levels of seven metabolites were significantly associated with higher hazards of KRT/halving of eGFR events: three involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolism (N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine, hazard ratio, 16; 95% confidence interval, 4 to 60; 5,6-dihydrouridine, hazard ratio, 17; 95% confidence interval, 5 to 55; pseudouridine, hazard ratio, 39; 95% confidence interval, 8 to 200); two amino acids, C-glycosyltryptophan, hazard ratio, 24; 95% confidence interval 6 to 95 and lanthionine, hazard ratio, 3; 95% confidence interval, 2 to 5; the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate 2-methylcitrate/homocitrate, hazard ratio, 4; 95% confidence interval, 2 to 7; and gulonate, hazard ratio, 10; 95% confidence interval, 3 to 29. Among those with baseline eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, a higher level of tetrahydrocortisol sulfate was associated with lower risk of progression (hazard ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 0.9).

Conclusions

Untargeted plasma metabolomic profiling facilitated discovery of novel metabolite associations with CKD progression in children that were independent of established clinical predictors and highlight the role of select biologic pathways.
Relación de complementariedad entre los documentos de los archivos y las bibliotecas
Authors: Rendón Rojas Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2021

Según la Archivística y la Bibliotecología existe una clara diferencia entre fondo y colección. Mientras que fondo es el conjunto de documentos derivados de las actividades de una persona o institución en e1 transcurso de su gestión, por lo que su origen se considera un proceso natural, es un “todo orgánico” y es objeto de atención de la Archivística, la colección es su opuesto, porque su origen es subjetivo y arbitrario, y no puede ser tratada con métodos archivísticos, sino bibliotecológicos. Sin embargo, en ocasiones fondos y colecciones coexisten en archivos y bibliotecas y deben ser gestionados indistintamente por archivistas y bibliotecólogos, aunque teóricamente no les competería. El objetivo del presente artículo es brindar un modelo teórico para explicar esa anomalía. El resultado obtenido es que la relación de complementariedad entre conceptos sirve como modelo explicativo de esa aparente incoherencia. El estudio se fundamenta con la Archivística, la Bibliotecología, la Lógica y la Teoría de Conjuntos. Los métodos utilizados son el hermenéutico, el de análisis y el deductivo. Como corolario se propone la necesidad de realizar un estudio epistemológico más profundo, revisar el objeto de estudio de las mencionadas disciplinas y su interrelación que conduce a la transdisciplina.
BASES NEUROBIOLÓGICAS DEL APEGO. REVISIÓN TEMÁTICA
Authors: Barg Beltrame Gabriel
Published: August 2021

La teoría psicológica del apego, formulada originalmente por Bowlby en la década del 50, ha permitido profundizar el conocimiento del vínculo madre-bebé, identificar sus patologías y evaluar su influencia en las relaciones afectivas adultas. Actualmente, numerosos avances en el campo de las Neurociencias ofrecen la posibilidad de comprender la dimensión biológica del apego. En este artículo, se revisan tres modelos que explican aspectos de la misma: el modelo evolutivo del sistema afectivo de Cuidado de Panksepp, mediado principalmente por la oxcitocina, el sistema de los reguladores ocultos de Hofer y Sullivan y la regulación epigenética del estrés de Meaney. Si bien estos modelos surgen de la investigación animal, tienen importantes implicancias para el estudio de la conducta humana, especialmente en la interacción entre genética, desarrollo y psicopatología.
TRASNFERENCIA Y EMPATÍA
Authors: Gelsi Pablo
Published: August 2021

El autor reflexiona sobre la posible interrelación entre los conceptos de “Transferencia” tal como lo concibe C.G.Jung y la Psicología Analítica y el de “Empatía”en la Psicología Centrada en el Cliente de Carl Rogers, especialmente en su aplicación en procesos psicoterapéuticos. La relación psicoterapéutica puede incluir elementos de estas dos perspectivas, que pueden ser consideradas no como opuestas, sino más bien como complementarias. El énfasis en la consideración de los aspectos inconscientes de dicha relación implica necesaria y concomitantemente de un contexto donde la comprensión empática esté operando. Para ilustrar esta posible confluencia de los aportes de ambas corrientes se señalan tres actitudes básicas del psicoterapeuta frente al fenómeno de la Transferencia del lado de la Psicología Analítica y las actitudes básicas del Psicoterapeuta según Rogers.
Latvijas tautsaimniecība pandēmijas ēnā un pēckrīzes izrāviena iespējas
Authors: Šteinbuka Inna
Published: August 2021

Monogrāfijā ir analizētas pandēmijas krīzes ekonomiskās sekas Latvijā, novērtēta valsts atbalsta efektivitāte, pierādīta inovāciju un digitālās transformācijas vitālā nepieciešamība un meklēti veidi, kā veicināt tautsaimniecības izrāvienu pēc krīzes un kādām strukturālajām izmaiņām ir jānotiek tautsaimniecībā.
Max Weber’s “Value Polytheism”: Contexts, Origin, Logical-methodological Foundations
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, Presnyakov I.V.
Published: August 2021

Weber’s concept of “vocation” in science implies “anti-monumentalism”: research can always be continued, and the results obtained can be used in various ways. The scientist cannot be completely aware of the final impact of their work, so they are faced with a paradox of consequences. This paradox is based on value polytheism, a concept put forward by Weber. There are two ideas central to polytheism: first, one must recognize the internal logic of value spheres and, second, one must consider their fundamental incommensurability. But how does this idea emerge in Weber’s theory? Interpretations of value polytheism as a “fact” of a cultural situation and as the logical foundation of science do not allow one to answer the question of its origin. The conceptual bridge is found in Weber’s sociology of religion. Tenbruck’s, Schluchter’s, and Hennis’s models are examined to identify variations of value polytheism. However, their macro-orientation does not demonstrate the internal structure and functioning of polytheism. The present paper explicates the logical-methodological foundations of Weber’s scientific programme to clarify these points. Primarily, it investigates the problem of the consequences of an action carried out in a “vocation” mode and the boundaries of “adequate” causal explanations as presented in Weber’s works. It makes it possible to consider Weber’s value polytheism and concepts associated with it not as value metaphysics or unreasonable axioms,but as a methodologically based conceptual apparatus.
Balloon Eustachian tuboplasty in a professional Navy SEAL diver: case report
Authors:   Israeli Naval Special Warfare Unit, Israeli Navy, Israeli Defense Forces, Tsur Nir ,   Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beilinson Medical Center, Petach-Tiqwa, Israel,   Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Bar Ronen ,   Israeli Naval Medical Institute, Israeli Navy and Medical Corps, IDF,   Dept of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hillel-Yaffe Med Ctr, Hadera; Affiliated with the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, the Technion, Haifa, Israel, Hilly Ohad ,   Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beilinson Medical Center, Petach-Tiqwa, Israel,   Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Handzel Ophir ,   Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel,   Department of Otolaryngology, Head, Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
Published: August 2021

Middle ear barotrauma due to dilatory Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is probably the most common medical disorder related to diving. Moreover, ETD makes divers prone to other diving-related accidents, including inner ear barotrauma and alternobaric vertigo. Until the development of Eustachian tube balloon dilation no diving-compatible surgical options existed to effectively and safely prevent recurrence. We present a case of an Israeli Navy SEAL diver who dives in extreme strenuous combat-related closed-circuit rebreather (CCR) dives. Due to repeated middle ear barotrauma, the patient underwent Eustachian tube balloon dilation of the affected side. Following surgery, the patient returned to both CCR and scuba dives but still suffered from middle ear symptoms and repeated barotrauma hence was eventually disqualified from further combat diving.
Regolith Excavation Performance of a Screw-propelled Vehicle
Authors: Green Marko , McBryan Teresa , Mick Darwin , Nelson David , Marvi Hamid
Published: August 2021

Excavation of regolith is the enabling process for many of the in-situ
resource utilization (ISRU) efforts that are being considered to aid in
the human exploration of the moon and Mars. Most proposed planetary
excavation systems are integrated with a wheeled vehicle, but none yet
have used a screw-propelled vehicle which can significantly enhance the
excavation performance. Therefore, CASPER, a novel screw-propelled
excavation rover is developed and analyzed to determine its
effectiveness as a planetary excavator. The excavation rate, power,
velocity, cost of transport, and a new parameter, excavation transport
rate, are analyzed for various configurations of the vehicle through
mobility and excavation tests performed in silica sand. The optimal
configuration yielded a 30 kg/hr excavation rate and 10.2 m/min traverse
rate with an overall system mass of 3.4 kg and power draw of less than
30 W. These results indicate that this architecture shows promise as a
planetary excavation because it provides significant excavation
capability with low mass and power requirements.

Corresponding author(s) Email:   hmarvi@asu.edu
Time to Peak Glucose and Peak C-Peptide During the Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Trial and TrialNet Cohorts
Authors: Voss Michael G , Cuthbertson David D , Cleves Mario M , Xu Ping , Evans-Molina Carmella , Palmer Jerry P , Redondo Maria J. , Steck Andrea K. , Lundgren Markus , Larsson Helena , Moore Wayne V , Atkinson Mark A. , Sosenko Jay , Ismail Heba M
Published: August 2021

Objective: To assess the progression of type 1
diabetes using time to peak glucose or C-peptide during oral glucose
tolerance tests (OGTTs) in autoantibody positive (Ab+) relatives of people
with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We examined 2-hour OGTTs of participants
in the Diabetes Prevention Trial Type 1 (DPT-1) and TrialNet Pathway to Prevention
(PTP) studies. We included 706 DPT-1 participants (Mean±SD age: 13.84±9.53 years; BMI-Z-Score: 0.33±1.07; 56.1% male) and 3,720 PTP participants (age: 16.01±12.33
Years, BMI-Z-Score 0.66±1.3; 49.7% male). Log-rank
testing and Cox regression analyses with adjustments (age, sex, race,
BMI Z-Score, HOMA-IR and peak Glucose/C-peptide
levels, respectively) were performed.

Results: In each of DPT-1 and PTP, higher 5-year
diabetes progression risk was seen in those with time to peak
glucose >30 min and time to peak C-peptide >60 min
(p<0.001 for all groups), before and after adjustments. In models examining
strength of association with diabetes development, associations were greater
for time to peak C-peptide versus peak C-peptide value (DPT-1: X2 = 25.76 vs. X2
= 8.62 and PTP: X2 = 149.19 vs. X2 = 79.98; all p<0.001). Changes in the percentage of
individuals with delayed glucose and/or C-peptide peaks were noted over time.

Conclusions:
In two independent at
risk populations, we show that those with delayed OGTT peak times for glucose
or C-peptide are at higher risk of diabetes development within 5 years, independent of
peak levels. Moreover, time to peak C-peptide appears more predictive than
the peak level, suggesting its potential use as a specific biomarker for diabetes
progression.
Significance of the Ukrainian loess-palaeosol sequences for Pleistocene climate reconstructions: rock magnetic, palaeosol and pollen proxies
Authors: Hlavatskyi D. V. , Gerasimenko N.P. , Bakhmutov V.G. , Bonchkovskyi O.S. , Poliachenko I.B. , Shpyra V.V. , Mychak S.V. , Kravchuk I.V. , Cherkes S.I.
Published: August 2021

Variations of rock magnetic parameters in loess-palaeosol sequences, related to climatic and environmental conditions during their formation, are a powerful tool for palaeoclimate reconstruction. Combined enviromagnetic study of loess deposits in Ukraine and its assessment for the palaeoreconstruction purposes are carried out in the framework of the National Research Foundation of Ukraine project 2020.02/0406 ‘Magnetic proxies of palaeoclimatic changes in the loess-palaeosol sequences of Ukraine’. Environmental/climatic reconstructions of the past are fulfilled using a significant number of palaeoindicators: morphology and lithological properties of palaeosols and loesses, their pollen assemblages and a wide range of magnetic characteristics. In this paper, we present a multi-proxy approach to palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, and introduce preliminary results obtained from magnetic susceptibility of loess-palaeosol sequences in the northern (at Vyazivok), central (Stari Kaydaky) and southern (Roksolany) parts of the Ukrainian loess belt. The amplitudes of palaeoclimate change established using magnetic proxies are well correlated with the lithological, palaeopedological and palynological patterns of the sites, and with the global oxygen-isotope scale (MIS). Ongoing studies of the Stari Kaydaky section confirm the correlation of the Upper Zavadivka (S3) soil unit and Lower Zavadivka (S4) soil unit with MIS 9 and MIS 11, respectively (this was proved earlier at the Vyazivok and Roksolany sites). The underlying Lubny (S5) pedocomplex likely corresponds to MIS 13, and the Martonosha (S6) pedocomplex to MIS 15. Palaeomagnetic investigations at Stari Kaydaky have not so far reached the Lower Shyrokyne unit, in which the Matuyama—Brunhes boundary has been detected at Roksolany and Vyazivok. The Upper Shyrokyne (S7S1) palaeosol unit has normal polarity and is preliminarily correlated with MIS 17.
Dependence of the velocity changes of secular variations on the position of observatory and time
Authors: Sumaruk T. P. , Sumaruk P. V.
Published: August 2021

According to the data of world observatories net secular variations of geomagnetic fields from internal and outer sources have been studied. Averaged 3-year data have been used for this purpose. Procedure of calculations of secular variations from internal and outer sources according to observatories data has been submitted. 1979 has been chosen as a zero level for accounting secular variations from outer sources because the sign of the large-scale magnetic field has changed this year. It has been shown that the value of secular variations from outer sources is different for different regions and increases with the growth of the latitude of magnetic observatory. Maximal values of secular variations are observed in the northern polar cap as well as at the longitudes of the eastern focus of secular variation. It has been shown that at the DIK, CSS, TIK observatories secular variations have maximal values.

Groups of observatories have been segregated with symmetric and asymmetric changes of secular variation comparing to 1979. Symmetric changes of secular variation during two Hail’s cycles are observed at the observatories in circumpolar area (ALE, NAL, BJN), in auroral and middle latitudes. Maximal asymmetry of secular variation is observed at the observatories GDH, BLC, FCC, as well as at certain subauroral observatories and the regions with raised seismic activity.

Secular variation from outer sources depends on the value of the large scale magnetic field of the Sun. The value of secular variation from the inner sources has been modulated by the outer sources and depends on special features of underlying surfaces of the observatories, induction currents in particular.
Legal status of minors held in educational colonies in the Russian Federation
Authors: Alontseva Dina Viktorovna , Lavrishcheva Olga Anatolyevna
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical and legal bases regulating the legal status of minors who are in places of deprivation of liberty.  The methodological basis of the research is made up of general scientific, private and special methods of cognition. The general scientific dialectical method allowed us to consider the problem of legal relations arising in the sphere of securing the legal status of minors who have been sentenced to imprisonment; to conduct a comparative analysis of international and domestic legislation in regulating the designated topic. Using the methods of formal logic, the transformations in the sphere of regulating the legal status of juvenile convicts at the present stage are characterized, defects in regulatory regulation are identified. The methods of scientific knowledge will help to conduct a study of the current legislation for its compliance with the problem under consideration.
Моніторинг ортопедичних конструкцій для лікування осіб молодого віку м. Ужгород із наявністю малих включених дефектів зубних рядів
Authors: Локота Є.Ю. , Оплета С.І. , Локота Ю.Є.
Published: August 2021

Вступ. Серед питань сучасної ортопедичної стоматології набирає актуальності проблема наявності малих дефектів зубних рядів в осіб молодого віку. Такі пацієнти рідко звертаються за стоматологічною допомогою. Дані дефекти не викликають значного порушення жувальної функції, однак протягом часу це спричинює не лише порушення морфологічної єдності зубних рядів, але й деформацію прикусу та складну органічну перебудову в ділянці дефекту, що згодом може поширитися на весь зубний ряд. Отже, вивчення особливостей протезування таких пацієнтів сприятиме покращенню заходів лікування, спрямованих на усунення дефектів, що передбачає зниження рівня захворюваності населення.
Мета дослідження: комплексно обстежити ортопедичні захворювання в осіб молодого віку міста Ужгород; підвищити ефективність протезування хворих із малими дефектами зубних рядів для профілактики вторинних дентоальвеолярних деформацій; обгрунтувати вибір оптимального виду ортопедичної допомоги для результативного лікування.
Матеріали та методи. Проведено стоматологічні огляди 975 пацієнтів віком 15–29 років на базі Університетської стоматологічної поліклініки міста Ужгород. Об’єктом дослідження були малі включені дефекти бічних ділянок зубних рядів та їх ускладнення у осіб молодого віку.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. За допомогою комплексних досліджень отримані дані щодо поширення малих дефектів зубних рядів серед молодих осіб віком 15–29 років міста Ужгород; проаналізовано динаміку захворюваності в цілому. Практичне значення одержаних результатів полягає у наданні об’єктивної стоматологічної допомоги пацієнтам даної вікової категорії, що включає в себе розробку ефективних методів ортопедичного лікування та профілактики зубощелепних деформацій.
Висновки. На підставі дослідження поширеності, інтенсивності, тенденції розвитку малих включених дефектів зубних рядів серед осіб молодого віку м. Ужгород, проаналізовано динаміку захворюваності в цілому, визначено спрямованість і силу впливу негативних патогенетичних чинників на перебіг і формування різноманітних порушень із боку зубощелепної системи.
Ключові слова: стоматологічний огляд, особи молодого віку, малі включені дефекти зубного ряду, ортопедична захворюваність, ортопедична конструкція.
Використання клітинних технологій у комплексному лікуванні пацієнтів із трофічними венозними виразками
Authors: Домбровський Д.Б. , Оліник Ю.В.
Published: August 2021

Враховуючи масштабність та розповсюдженість захворювання в людській популяції, пошук нових і доповнення існуючих методів комплексного лікування трофічних виразок нижніх кінцівок є актуальним питанням сучасної медицини. Завдяки величезній біологічній цінності кордової крові її розглядають, як джерело стовбурових клітин на рівні з іншими джерелами. Метою роботи було оцінити та порівняти результати лікування хворих із хронічною венозною недостатністю нижніх кінцівок, ускладненою трофічною виразкою, резистентною до стандартної терапії після трансплантації стовбурових клітин кордової крові та без неї. Пацієнтам, які в анамнезі перенесли оперативні втручання по корекції венозної гіпертензії, мали виразковий дефект не менше 2-х років на тлі базисної терапії під епідуральною анестезією пункційно під виразку вводилась клітинна суспензія. Індекс швидкості загоєння визначали за формулою Попової у модифікації Гірка Е.І., Кравцова Є.А. У результаті проведеного дослідження встановлено, що процес загоєння у пацієнтів дослідної групи розпочинався з перших діб після трансплантації зі зменшення периульцелярного набряку та запальної гіперемії м’яких тканин навколо виразки, майже не залишається «мінус тканини», грануляції спочатку активно наростають, піднімаючи дно виразки до рівня дерми, а далі процес загоєння, в основному, відбувався за рахунок крайової епітелізації. Індекс швидкості загоєння виразкового дефекту у пацієнтів дослідної та контрольної груп різнився протягом усього періоду спостереження і у пацієнтів після трансплантації стовбурових клітин кордової крові у 1,5-2 рази вище ніж у пацієнтів, яким проводилась стандартна консервативна терапія. Трансплантація клітин кордової крові призводить до активації власних регенеративних резервів організму та впливу на різні ланки патогенезу розвитку трофічних виразок венозного ґенезу, що зі свого боку прискорює загоєння виразкового дефекту.
Ключові слова: трофічна виразка, кордова кров, індекс загоєння.