bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferroptosis Inhibition with Deferoxamine Alleviates Radiation-Induced Fibrosis
Authors: Berry Charlotte E. , Kendig Carter , BS Thalia Le , Brenac Camille , Griffin Michelle , Guo Jason , Kameni Lionel , Dixon Scott J. , Longaker Michael T. , Wan Derrick
Published: May 2024

Background
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a debilitating sequelae of radiation therapy that has been shown to improve with topical treatment with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO). We investigated whether DFO exerts this effect through attenuation of ferroptosis, a recently described iron-dependent pathway of cell death.
Methods
Adult C57BL/6J mice were treated with topical DFO or ferrostastin-1 (Fer-1) and irradiated with 30 Grays of ionizing radiation to the dorsal skin to promote development of chronic RIF. Immunofluorescent staining with 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) antibody was carried out directly following irradiation to assess ferroptosis activity. Perfusion testing with laser Doppler was performed throughout the healing interval. Eight weeks following radiation, dorsal skin was harvested and analyzed histologically and biomechanically.
Results
Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated lower presence of 4-HNE in non-irradiated skin, DFO-treated skin, and Fer-1-treated skin compared to irradiated, untreated skin. DFO resulted in histological measurements (dermal thickness and collagen content) that resembled normal skin, while Fer-1 treatment yielded less significant improvements. These results were mirrored by analysis of extracellular matrix ultrastructure and biomechanical testing, which recapitulated the ability of topical DFO treatment to alleviate RIF across these parameters while Fer-1 resulted in less notable improvement. Finally, perfusion levels in DFO treated irradiated skin were similar to measurements in normal skin, while Fer-1 treatment did not impact this feature.
Conclusions
Ferroptosis contributes to the development of RIF and attenuation of this process leads to reduced skin injury. DFO further improves RIF through additional enhancement of perfusion not seen with Fer-1.
Growth functions of Ovambo and Ovambo x Black Australorp chickens fed a commercial and a Moringa oleifera leaf meal-containing diet
Authors: Simasiku Lydia Nasilele , Lutaaya Emmanuel , Mupangwa Johnfisher , Charamba Vonai
Published: May 2024

Growth curve parameters in chickens can be affected by genetic and environmental factors. This study estimated the growth curve parameters of Ovambo (OV) and Black Australorp x Ovambo (BAO) chickens under a commercial (COM) and a Moringa oleifera leaf meal-containing (MOLM) diet. Thirty-two (32) BAO and 36 OV chicks were randomly allocated to eight pens and then the pens were randomly allocated the two diets giving rise to four treatment groups (BAO-COM; BAO-MOLM; OV-COM; and OV-MOLM). Chicks were weighed in groups of 4 from weeks 1–4; from 5–20 weeks chickens were individually weighed. The Logistic, Gompetz, von Bertalanffy and Richards functions were fitted to the data and the Gompertz function was the best fitting based on RMSE, AIC and BIC. The maturing rates, mature weights (g), age at inflection (d) and average daily gain (ADG) (g/d) were as follows: BAO-COM (0.0222 ± 0.0025; 3197.9 ± 196.5, 63.3, 25.8); BAO-MOLM (0.0142 ± 0.0036; 3783.4 ± 1031.3, 103.2, 17.3); OV-COM (0.0241 ± 0.0031; 2605.7 ± 159.0, 58.7, 22.3); and OV-MOLM (0.0159 ± 0.0037; 2952.9 ± 641.0, 95.5, 15.7), respectively. The results imply that the inclusion of M. oleifera led to higher mature sizes, but reduced the maturing rates and ADG compared to the commercial diet.
Optimizing sustainability in rice-based cropping systems: a holistic approach for integrating soil carbon farming, energy efficiency, and greenhouse gas reduction strategies via resource conservation practices.
Authors: Dash Pradeep Kumar , Bhattacharyya P. , Padhy S. R. , Shahid Md. , Nayak A. K.
Published: May 2024

In the context of regenerative agriculture (RA) and sustainability in lowland rice agroecosystems, inefficient resource use leads to reduced agricultural output and significant greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), particularly methane from flooded paddy fields. Adopting regenerative practices such as precision nutrient and water management, conservation tillage, and crop diversification can enhance soil health, reduce emissions, and improve productivity. The adoption of sustainable agricultural practices aligns with several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 13 (climate action), and SDG 15 (life on land). By promoting climate-smart agriculture, regenerative practices in rice farming can contribute to mitigating climate change effects, ensuring food security, and conserving biodiversity. In this scholarly investigation, we explore the efficacy of resource conservation technologies (RCTs) as nature- based solutions to enhance carbon storage, mitigate GHG emissions, and improve energy efficiency within rice-based cropping systems. Our study revealed that all resource conservation treatments led to increased system productivity and soil organic carbon compared to conventional practices. Among these treatments, zero-tillage exhibited the highest effectiveness in terms of carbon sequestration, with a rate of 0.97 Mg ha− 1y− 1. Zero-tillage consistently demonstrated the highest energy savings, ranging from 52.0–67.8% across analyzed seasons, and emerged as the most effective nature-based solution, with lower greenhouse warming potential compared to conventional practices. Implementing zero tillage reduces global warming potential, carbon emissions, and greenhouse gas intensity compared to conventional methods. Our findings support zero tillage and green manuring as effective strategies to enhance soil organic carbon levels, reduce emissions, and improve crop productivity in lowland rice-green gram cropping systems, fostering sustainable and climate-friendly agriculture. These findings provide valuable insights into nature-based solutions and resource conservation practices, addressing climate change mitigation, carbon sequestration, energy efficiency, and energy savings in rice-based cropping systems, promoting a more sustainable future.
Highly Efficient Three-dimensional Optical Condensation of Microbes Using a Gold-coated Optical Fibre Module
Authors: Iida Takuya , Hayashi Kota , Tamura Mamoru , Fujiwara Masazumi , Tokonami Shiho
Published: May 2024

Detecting trace amounts of harmful bacteria and nanoscale biomarkers is essential for early diagnosis and preventing food poisoning and various diseases. Hindered by limited sensitivity and speed due to dilute samples, conventional detection methods, such as cultivation techniques and immunoassays, are expensive and time-consuming. In contrast, optical condensation using photothermal convection and bubbles facilitates rapid transport and dense assembly of dispersoids toward the observation area; however, its efficiency on two-dimensional substrates remains restricted. Here, to develop a more sensitive and rapid detection method using optical condensation, we introduce a metallic thin film-coated optical fibre module that serves as a photothermal source, generating convection and bubbles at the fibre tip. This leads to optical condensation at three-dimensionally arbitrary positions within the liquid. Notably, when the optical fibre module is positioned away from the substrate, 103-105 bacteria and microparticles in 20 μL liquid sample can be assembled at the fibre tip within 60 s. Furthermore, the assembly efficiency increases more than 10-fold, in comparison with the conventional two-dimensional photothermal assembly, exceeding 10% of all the disperoids due to horizontal and vertical convections from the fibre tip. Additionally, when the fibre module is placed on the substrate, target objects can be assembled not only at the fibre tip but also around the side wall of the fibre. Therefore, our findings demonstrate a significant enhancement in detection capabilities. This discovery paves the way for novel applications in bioanalytical technology, drug delivery systems, and material engineering.
DFT based simulation for semiconductor behavior of XGeCl3 (X=K, Rb) halide perovskites under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: özcan merve , Havare Ali Kemal , Dervişoğlu İlayda
Published: May 2024

The structural and electronic properties of XGeCl3 (X = K, Rb) were calculated under hydrostatic pressure from 0 to 8 GPa using density functional theory (DFT). It is used Projector Augmented Wave (PAW) method which describes electron-ions interaction. The exchange-correlation functional energy functional was computed using Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) generalized gradient approximation (GGA). It was observed that the lattice parameters and bond length of XGeCl3 (X = K, Rb) compounds examined by introducing hydrostatic pressure range of 0 to 8 GPa decreased. The band gap of XGeCl3 (X = K, Rb) compounds reveals the direct band gap at the R symmetry point in the Brillouin Zone. These compounds exhibit semiconductor behavior with narrow band gap at ambient pressure. The electronic band gap (Eg) of KGeCl3 and RbGeCl3 is calculated 0.5802 (eV) and 0.657 (eV) at 0 GPa, respectively. As expected, hydrostatic pressure reduced the band gap, and the metallic character was detected at 5 GPa for both structures. The compounds described in this paper were evaluated for the visible energy area, which might be viable candidates for optoelectronic applications, and turned out to exhibit the direct electronic band.
The Impact of Congenital Heart Disease on the families of affected children in African setting: Reliability and the Validity of The PedsQL Family Impact Module- The Swahili Version
Authors: Majani Naizihijwa G. , Koster Joëlle R. , Nkya Deogratias , Kalezi Zawadi E. , Letara Nuru , Hoefnagels Johanna W. , Mongela Stella , Kubhoja Sulende , Sharau Godwin , Mlawi Vivienne , Chillo Pilly , Janabi Mohammed , Grobbee Diederick E. , Slieker Martijn. G. , Kisenge Peter
Published: May 2024

Background
The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Family Impact Module, a valuable assessment tool for health-related quality of Life (HRQoL), is not accessible in Swahili. This study evaluated the construct validity of the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module in assessing HRQoL for Swahili speakers in Eastern Africa, Tanzania, particularly focusing on families of chronic congenital heart disease (CHD) with both operated and unoperated children.
Methods
The cross-sectional study involved primary caregivers at a national referral cardiac centre. Descriptive statistics for continuous and categorical variables were employed. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Family Impact Module (FIM) were conducted. The "known-groups method" was used to establish construct validity, while internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient at a value of ≥ 0.70. HRQoL was measured using a Likert linear analogue scale. Mean scores, standard error of the mean (SEM) and Cohen's d-effect size were used to summarize the results. Group comparisons were made using a t-test, and predictors of HRQoL were analysed using generalized linear models. The significance level was set at a p < 0.05.
Results
The Swahili version of the FIM for internal consistency showed high reliability (α = 0.99). The module was applied to 204 primary caregivers and was mostly answered by mothers, 74.0% of whom had an average of 9.5 + 3.6 years of schooling. The socioeconomic status (SES) of families was moderate at 0.68 ± 0.17 but statistically significantly higher in the operated group (0.71 ± 0.14; p-value < 0.001): This group also had a significantly higher HRQoL (91.5 vs. 84.7, d = 0.60, p-value < 0.001 and a much better emotional well-being (d = 0.71). Notably, the overall family functioning, particularly the family relations and communication, did not differ between groups. SES and operative status were the only significant predictors of the caregiver’s HRQoL, with p < 0.001. Principally, QoL was not predicted by the child’s age, CHD severity, number of cardiac lesions, medication use, or the parent's level of education.
Conclusion
The study validated the Swahili PedsQL™ Family impact module for chronic illnesses in the Swahili-speaking population. It highlighted improved quality of life due to cardiac treatment and ongoing issues in communication, family dynamics and functioning post-surgery. Recommendations included health care providers addressing these gaps proactively, advocating community support for affected families and caregivers prioritizing positive family relationships to enhance overall well-being.
Seed Priming by Trehalose Improves Tolerance of Maize Seedlings by improving the growth and physiological parameters under Cadmium Toxicity
Authors: Zafar Sadia , Shah Anis Ali , Fatima Ayesha Mishaal , Ahmad Khawaja Shafique , Ashraf Muhammad Arslan , Rasheed Rizwan , Mehmood Ansar , Iftikhar Muhammad , O. Elansary Hosam , Shankarappa Sridhara
Published: May 2024

Heavy metal pollution poses a significant environmental challenge, adversely impacting global crop yields and posing health risks to humans. Cadmium (Cd), a non-essential and highly phytotoxic metal, poses substantial harm to overall plant metabolism even at minimal concentrations. The current research aimed to evaluate the beneficial impacts regarding priming of seeds of trehalose upon the development of cells able to photosynthesis traits, biochemical, and physiological and antioxidant defense systems among two variety of maize (FH-1046 and FH-5724) under Cd stress. For this purpose, a pot experiment was carried out in the University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad campus. After two weeks, growth parameters, biochemical and Cd concentration were examined. Results revealed that Cd significantly reduced the growth and maize variety FH5427 showed better growth as compared with FH1046. Chlorophyll contents also decreased under Cd stress and trehalose improved the photosynthetic efficiency under Cd stress. Carbohydrates and protein contents also reduced under Cd stress and trehalose significantly ameliorated the Cd stress in both maize varieties. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were greater under Cd stress and lower in trehalose treated group. This clearly showed the Cd alleviation potential of trehalose in maize plants. Trehalose also inhibits the movement of Cd into shoot from root system. Results also showed that Cd stress significantly decreased the growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and biochemical characteristics of two maize cultivars. However, the seeds treated with trehalose solution significantly reduce the impact of Cd stress. Moreover, it also enhances photosynthetic activity, enzymatic activities in requisites of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) and decreases the reactive oxygen species. The study suggests that priming maize seeds with trehalose could be effectively utilized in agricultural settings to enhance plant tolerance to cadmium stress.
Finite-time tracking control of tanker/UAV formation with hose connection based on constraint space
Authors: Liu Bo , Meng Zhongjie , Li Shaoyi , Yan Binbin
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the problem of finite-time tracking control for refueling formations under hose connection constraints subsequent to the docking of a receiving unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a tanker in autonomous aerial refueling missions. The inclusion of hose connections not only imposes constraints to prevent disconnection but also introduces disturbances to the UAV. Initially, a model for the tension constraints at the hose-UAV connection point is first introduced, transforming complex hose constraints into relative state constraints between the UAV and the tanker. Meanwhile, a modified barrier function that incorporates the UAV's state and formation tracking errors is designed to deal with the decomposed hose constraints. Furthermore, an extended state observer is deployed to estimate external complex disturbances. Subsequently, leveraging dynamic surface control techniques, a finite-time control scheme is proposed to meet the dual requirements of preventing hose disconnection and achieving rapid convergence in the refueling formation. Compared to traditional hose constraint solutions, this scheme enhances the safety of refueling formation systems. Both theoretical proofs and simulation results substantiate the efficacy of the proposed control scheme.
Synthesis of Novel Acetamidobenzanilides Derivatives as Potencial Trypanocidal Agents
Authors: Ortellado Valentín I. , Kaczoruk Carlos U. Molfesa , Guaymas Lucio A. , Parisi Ezequiel , Fraga Guido G. , Muscia Gisela C. , Frank Fernanda M. , Bruno Ana M. , Ponzinibbio Agustín , Sasiambarrena Leandro D.
Published: May 2024

A simple synthesis of novel N-(2-[N’-acetamidomethyl])benzanilides derivatives from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde in a four steps process is described. The 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra were meticulously analyzed to characterize their structure and it was observed that derivatives with an ortho-substituted phenyl group exhibited detectable atropisomerism. The ADME/toxicity analyses was performed and several of these acetamidobenzanilides were tested in vitro against the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi, demonstrating significant activity.
Windmills of the Minds: A Hopping Algorithm for Fermat's Two Squares Theorem
Authors: Chan Hing Lun
Published: May 2024

Fermat's two squares theorem asserts that a prime one more than a multiple of 4 is a sum of two squares. There are many proofs of this gem in number theory, including a remarkable one-sentence proof by Don Zagier based on two involutions on a finite set built from such a prime. Applying the two involutions alternatively leads to an iterative algorithm to find the two squares for the prime. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the computation reveals that it is possible to jump through the iteration nodes, leading to a better hopping algorithm. Here is a formalisation of Zagier's proof, deriving the involutions using windmill patterns. Theories developed for the formal proof are used to establish the correctness of both algorithms.
An Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Behavior of HY 80 Steel in Corrosive Mediums
Authors: Yılmaz Buğra , Kosa Ergin , Durmuşoğlu Şenol
Published: May 2024

In this study, mechanical behavior of HY 80 steel in various mediums such as solutions of HCl, H2 S0 4 and NaOH has been investigated experimentally. The plate specimens, tensile specimens and V-notched specimens are immersed in solutions of HCl, H2 S0 4 and NaOH. Mass losses of immersed HY 80 flat plate specimens are measured after 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks for each H2 S04 , NaOH and HCl solutions to determine the aggressivity of the corrosive medium to surface of HY 80 steel. Also, tensile specimens and V-notched specimens are immersed for 1, 2 and 4 weeks to study on the effect of corrosive medium on fracture toughness and yielding behavior of HY 80 steels. The results show that however, yielding strength and ultimate tensile strength of HY 80 steel have reduced after immersed in acidic solutions of HCl and H2 S04 , are stable after immersed in solution of NaOH. Furthermore, effect of acidic medium lower the fracture toughness of HY 80 steel.
Exploring the moderating effects of perceived alternative job opportunities and work experience on the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions: A study among educators in Lebanon
Authors: Ibrahim Ghada , Al-Khatib Nadine , Ashaal Ahmad , El Akkaoui Imtissal , Youssef Samia
Published: May 2024

Turnover is a common occurrence where employees choose to leave an organization. Despite previous research on turnover intentions and job satisfaction, the impact of work experience and perceived alternative job opportunities, especially during economic crises, has not been adequately studied. This study aims to explore the relationship between turnover intentions and job satisfaction, considering factors of work experience and perceptions of other job opportunities. This study was conducted in Lebanon, and 156 educators were surveyed via electronic questionnaires. The data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical regression modeling. The findings reveal a significant negative correlation between turnover intention and job satisfaction (r = –0.315*, p < 0.05). Perceived alternative job opportunities do not show a significant correlation with job satisfaction (ß = –0.028, p > 0.05), thus having no moderating role. However, work experience significantly moderates the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions (ß = –0.052*, p < 0.05). Despite the negative impact on job satisfaction, Lebanon’s economic crisis affects teachers’ decision to stay due to limited job opportunities.
AcknowledgmentThe authors sincerely appreciate all the teachers who devoted their time to participate in the survey.
Influence of social media on organizational communication and organizational culture at the South African Social Security Agency in South Africa
Authors: Dlelengana Sabo , Adebayo Rufus , Chikukwa Tatenda
Published: May 2024

Social media is a potent drive in the modern landscape of organizational dynamics, influencing cultural norms and communication styles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the complex effects of social media on organizational culture and communication. The paper explores how social media platforms have changed communication channels, interaction dynamics, and organizational culture, drawing on a mixture of previous research and pragmatic studies. A quantitative research paradigm was employed and a sample of 140 sample respondents was selected using simple random sampling. The sample respondents were employees at a selected South African Social Security Agency branch in South Africa. The results revealed that Facebook was the most used platform and that employees use social media for both work and non-work related purposes. The study concluded a positive and significant relationship between social media usage and social media enhancing the organizational culture (r = 0.227; p < 0.05). Moreover, the study found no relationship between social media usage influencing employee behavior and social media restrictions impacting employee morale negatively (r = 0.036; p > 0.05). The findings highlight valuable insights on the role of social media and its effect on organizational culture and communication. It is also evident from the results that social media usage presents opportunities and challenges for organizations. Hence, the paper concludes that organizations can use social media to create a communicative, flexible, and resilient organizational culture in digital time by recognizing the dynamics at work and taking proactive measures.
Degradation of PFOA solutions and PFAS-contaminated groundwater using atmospheric non-thermal plasma treatment
Authors: Gyaljen Tamang Sonam , Umlauf Georg , Barz Jakob , Ghomi Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) can be found ubiquitously in the environment due to their large-scale use, and they pose risks to both ecosystems and human health. These pollutants are highly persistent, making them difficult or impossible to break down with standard processing methods. Therefore, the focus of this research is to explore an alternative approach to reduce PFAS-contaminated water by investigating the breakdown of these pollutants using atmospheric non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology. The experiments tested PFOA standard solutions with varying parameters, including different oxygen and nitrogen ratios as feeding air, with or without a cooling system, and at different time exposures. The process showed energy efficiency being ranged from 0.31 to 15.31 mg/kWh. Chemical analysis of treated samples confirmed the reactor's suitability for PFAS degradation, achieving a 63.75% reduction in initial PFOA concentration after 2 h of plasma treatment. Furthermore, degradation products such as PFHpA, PFHxA, PFPeA, and PFBA were identified after plasma treatment. Overall, these results suggest that plasma-based technology is a promising approach for treating PFAS-contaminated water.
Research on nowcasting prediction technology for flooding scenarios based on data-driven and real-time monitoring
Authors: Zheng Yue , Jing Xiaoming , Lin Yonggang , Shen Dali , Zhang Yiping , Yu Mingquan , Zhou Yongchao
Published: May 2024

With the impact of global climate change and the urbanization process, the risk of urban flooding has increased rapidly, especially in developing countries. Real-time monitoring and prediction of flooding extent and drainage system are the foundation of effective urban flood emergency management. Therefore, this paper presents a rapid nowcasting prediction method of urban flooding based on data-driven and real-time monitoring. The proposed method firstly adopts a small number of monitoring points to deduce the urban global real-time water level based on a machine learning algorithm. Then, a data-driven method is developed to achieve dynamic urban flooding nowcasting prediction with real-time monitoring data and high-accuracy precipitation prediction. The results show that the average MAE and RMSE of the urban flooding and conduit system in the deduction method for water level are 0.101 and 0.144, 0.124 and 0.162, respectively, while the flooding depth deduction is more stable compared to the conduit system by probabilistic statistical analysis. Moreover, the urban flooding nowcasting method can accurately predict the flooding depth, and the R2 are as high as 0.973 and 0.962 of testing. The urban flooding nowcasting prediction method provides technical support for emergency flood risk management.
O USO DE MAPAS MENTAIS EM TERMOS FRONTEIRIÇOS DE GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADE E SEU REFLEXO NA MEMÓRIA SOCIAL
Authors: Pinho Fabio Assis , Goyannes Dill Orrico Evelyn
Published: May 2024

O tema deste artigo é sobre o uso de mapas mentais, cujo objetivo geral foi explorar a contribuição dos mapas mentais na normalização de termos fronteiriços relacionados a gênero e sexualidade e seu reflexo na memória social. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, utilizando 26 termos considerados fronteiriços em relação a gênero e sexualidade, cujas características epistêmicas foram transformadas em mapas mentais. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso dos mapas mentais foi relevante para compreender as fronteiras desses termos, bem como compreender sua contribuição para a memória social, por intermédio de suas principais características, quais sejam: rejeição da binariedade de gênero, fluididade e mutabilidade da identidade de gênero, conexões parciais e interseções, culturalidade e identidade e, por fim, desconstrução de estereótipos.
Examining the Mechanism of Treatment for Primary Dysmenorrhea with
Wenjing Huoxue Decoction based on Transcriptomics, Metabolomics, and
Network Pharmacology
Authors: Fan Weisen , Wang Dandan , Yan Liwei , Yuan Zheng
Published: May 2024

Background:

Wenjing Huoxue Decoction (WJHXD) is a traditional treatment for primary dysmenorrhea
(PD) that can quickly relieve various symptoms caused by PD. Previous clinical studies have shown
that WJHXD has better long-term efficacy than ibuprofen in the treatment of PD and can reverse the disorder
of T cell subsets.

Objective:

To investigate the effect of WJHXD on serum-related factors in the treatment of PD, including the
identification of key targets, pathways, and active ingredients.

Methods:

In order to study the effects of the WJHXD intervention in Parkinson's Disease (PD) rats, we used
transcriptomics and metabolomics methods to examine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially
expressed metabolites (DEMs). We also utilized network pharmacology to predict the target and effective
route of WJHXD in treating PD. Finally, we employed molecular docking (MD) technology to confirm
the placement of important targets and metabolites.

Results:

WJHXD has been found to be effective in prolonging the onset time and decreasing the number of
writhing episodes in PD rats after oxytocin injection. It has also been observed to reduce the levels of PGF2,
COX-2, AVP, and PGE2 in the serum of PD rats to different degrees. Transcriptomics analysis has revealed
that the core targets of WJHXD include KRT1, KRT16, CCL5, F2, NOS2, RAC2, and others, while the core
pathways are Calcium signaling and cAMP signaling. The Estrogen signaling pathway was found to be downregulated
in PD rats compared to normal uterine tissue, but WJHXD was able to up-regulate the pathway. A
combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis suggested that WJHXD may be involved in eight
metabolism-related pathways, with the most reliable ones being mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis and glycolysis
or gluconeogenesis. MD has shown that Hydroxyisocaproic acid may bind to important targets such as SLC6A4,
PTGER3, IGFBP3, and IGF2.

Conclusion:

In WJHXD, the most targeted herbs were Corydalis rhizoma, licorice, and Myrrha. The most targeted
active ingredients include quercetin, 3'-Hydroxy-4'-O-methylglabridin, shinpterocarpin, and isorhamnetin.
Potential targets include PTGS2, NOS2, AR, SCN5A, and GAS6. Analysis revealed 72 highly reliable
relationships between group A and B DEGs and DEMs, with 23 positive correlations and 49 negative correlations
among them. A combined analysis of transcriptomics, metabolomics, and network pharmacology was
used to identify possible targets, pathways, and active ingredients of WJHXD in PD treatment, and the correlation
between DEGs and DEMs was investigated. However, further research is required to confirm the relationship
between active ingredients, targets, and metabolites.
Diagnosis of the Initial Stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review
Authors: Sharma Krishana Kumar , Mohsin Mohd. , Mittal Piyush , Ali Zeeshan , Fatma Nishat , Upadhyay Prashant , Gupta Ritu , Verma Anurag , Kumar Gajendra
Published: May 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
There may be more than a million instances of hepatocellular carcinoma by 2025, making it a persistent
concern for global health. The most common form of hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for more than 90% of
cases. There is no known cure for hepatocellular carcinoma, which is usually detected late in life. Unlike most
other common malignancies, such as lung, prostate, and breast cancers, where mortality rates are declining,
rates of death are rising by around 2-3% every year. It is extremely difficult to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma
in its early stages. Alpha-fetoprotein serology studies and ultrasonography (US) monitoring were historically
the primary methods for early detection of hepatocellular cancer. However, the sensitivity or specificity of
ultrasonography/alpha-fetoprotein (US/AFP) is not high enough to detect hepatocellular carcinoma in its early
stages. Alpha-fetoprotein, or AFP, is an amino acid that is normally produced by the liver or yolk sac of an embryonic
baby. In adults, AFP levels are typically modest. Adults with high levels of AFP have been associated
with several illnesses, the most well-known of which are certain types of cancer. It is still possible to diagnose
hepatocellular carcinoma early because of current technological advancements. We address the advancements
in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in this article, with a focus on new imaging techniques and diagnostic
markers for early-stage tumor identification.
MicroRNAs as Key Regulators in RA and SLE: Insights into Biological
Functions
Authors: Li Xiao-Xiao , Zhao Chan-Na , Wei Hai-Fen , Li Sheng , Tang Jian , Zhu Yan-Yu , Cheng Xue-Er , Shi Qian-Qian , Wang Peng , Pan Hai-Feng
Published: May 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules that bind to mRNAs to regulate gene expression.
Since changes in miRNA expression levels have been found in a variety of autoimmune illnesses,
miRNAs are important in autoimmune diseases. MiRNAs serve not only as pathogenic factors and biomarkers
for autoimmune diseases but also as important targets for disease therapeutics. Although miRNA-based treatments
are still in the research stage, in-depth investigations into the biological functions of miRNAs have significantly
enhanced our understanding of their mechanisms in autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this review
is to summarize the biological functions of miRNAs, their roles in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus,
therapeutic strategies, and challenges.
Deciphering the Genetic Complexity of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Insights and Effective Strategies
Authors: Lee Chaeyoung , An Yeeun
Published: May 2024

:

Understanding the genetics of susceptibility to classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is
considerably limited compared to other cancers due to the rare Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg
(HRS) tumor cells, which coexist with the predominant non-malignant microenvironment. This article
offers insights into genetic abnormalities in cHL, as well as nucleotide variants and their associated
target genes, elucidated through recent technological advancements. Oncogenomes in HRS
cells highlight the survival and proliferation of these cells through hyperactive signaling in specific
pathways (e.g., NF-kB) and their interplay with microenvironmental cells (e.g., CD4+ T cells).
In contrast, the susceptibility genes identified from genome-wide association studies and expression
quantitative trait locus analyses only vaguely implicate their potential roles in susceptibility
to more general cancers. To pave the way for the era of precision oncology, more intensive efforts
are imperative, employing the following strategies: exploring genetic heterogeneity by gender and
cHL subtype, investigating colocalization with various types of expression quantitative trait loci,
and leveraging single-cell analysis. These approaches provide valuable perspectives for unraveling
the genetic complexities of cHL.
Recent Advances in Fluorescent Probes for G-quadruplex DNAs / RNAs
Authors: Yang Hongyan , Xu Ping , Pan Fei , Gao Jinhong , Yuan Libo , Lu Kui
Published: May 2024

:

Guanine-quadruplexes (G4s) are high-level structures formed by the folding of guaninerich
nucleic acid sequences. G4s play important roles in various physiological processes, such as
gene transcription, replication, recombination, and maintenance of chromosomal stability. Specific
and sensitive monitoring of G4s lays the foundation for further understanding the structure, content,
distribution, and function of G4s in organisms, which is important for the treatment and diagnosis of
diseases. Moreover, visualization of G4s will provide new ideas for developing antitumor strategies
targeting G4s. The design and development of G4-specific ligands are challenging due to the subtle
differences in the structure of G4s. This review focuses on the progress of research on G4 fluorescent
probes and their binding mechanisms to G4s. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for
better detection and targeting of G4s in different organisms are discussed. This paper provides ideas
for the development of novel G4 fluorescent probes.
CircRNA Interference Pathway: A New Target for Intervention in
Different Stages of Heart Failure
Authors: Wang Yuli , Chen Qiaoling , Zhang Jiaqi , Deng Yun , Liu Changyu , Wang Shuangcui , Guo Maojuan , Song Lili
Published: May 2024

Cardio-cerebrovascular disease has seen a rapid rise in recent years, with Heart Failure
(HF) -- a terminal stage of various cardiovascular diseases -- also on the rise. HF has a complex
pathogenesis involving multiple factors, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Due
to its unique reverse shear mechanism, HF exhibits distinct expression patterns across different diseases.
CircRNA has been linked to conditions like cancer, diabetes, and osteoarthritis. This article
briefly introduces the mechanisms of circRNA biogenesis and its associated biological functions,
focusing on CircSLC8A1-1, CircRNA_000203, and others at the early stage of HF, CircRNA
PAN3, CircRNA (ACR), and others during the progression of HF, and CircHIPK3, CircNfix, and
others at the end stage of HF. These circRNAs play a participatory role in the exact mechanism.
As a research method, circRNA can be utilized to study the pathogenesis of heart failure and serve
as a target for drug discovery and development. Therefore, circRNA's ability to mark the disease
at different stages has significant guiding implications for HF monitoring, treatment, and prognosis.
Vaccine Designing Technology against Leishmaniasis: Current Challenges and Implication
Authors: Gupta Jyoti , Menon Yukta , Kumar Subodh , Jain Chakresh Kumar
Published: May 2024

Leishmaniasis, a debilitating disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania
and transmitted by the bite of a female sandfly, continues to present significant challenges
despite ongoing research and collaboration in vaccine development. The intricate interaction between
the parasite’s life cycle stages and the host’s immunological response, namely the promastigote
and amastigote forms, adds complexity to vaccine design. The quest for a potent vaccine
against Leishmaniasis demands a comprehensive understanding of the immune mechanisms that
confer long-lasting protection, which necessitates extensive research efforts. In this pursuit, innovative
approaches such as reverse vaccinology and computer-aided design offer promising avenues
for unraveling the intricacies of host-pathogen interactions and identifying effective vaccine
candidates. However, numerous obstacles, including limited treatment options, the need for sustained
antigenic presence, and the prevalence of co-infections, particularly with HIV, impede
progress. Nevertheless, through persistent research endeavours and collaborative initiatives, the
goal of developing a highly efficacious vaccine against Leishmaniasis can be achieved, offering
hope through the latest Omics data development with immunoinformatics approaches for effective
vaccine design for the prevention of this disease.
Rational Drug Discovery for Isoxazole Based VEGFR2 Inhibition
Authors: Patil Shital M. , Mahadik Indrani , Bhandari Shashikant V. , Asgaonkar Kalyani D. , Randive Vrushali D. , Edake Aishwarya M.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Inhibiting receptor-tyrosine-kinase (RTK) signalling pathways has emerged
as a key focus of novel cancer therapy development. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
(VEGFR) is a member of the RTK family and is required for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Because
VEGFR 2 is the subtype responsible for cellular angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, blocking it
will impair tumour cell blood supply, reducing their development, proliferation, and metastasis.

Aim & Objective:

The aim of this study is to obtain an optimised pharmacophore as a VEGFR2
inhibitor using QSAR investigations. This aids in determining the link between structure and activity
in new chemical entities (NCEs).

Materials and Methods:

The multi-linear regression approach (MLR) method was utilised to generate
the QSAR Model using the programme QSARINS v.2.2.4.

Results and Discussion:

For 2D QSAR, the best models produced has correlation coefficients of R2=
0.9396. The 3D-QSAR model obtained with R2= 0.9121 and Q2 = 0.8377. Taking docking observations,
pharmacological behaviour, and toxicity analyses into account, most of the derivatives demonstrated
VEGFR2 inhibitory competence.

Conclusion:

According to QSAR studies, more electron-donating groups on the benzene ring linked
to the isoxazole were shown to be necessary for activity. In molecular docking studies, most compounds
have shown stronger affinity for the crucial amino acids Cys:919, Asp:1046, and Glu:885,
which are found in typical drugs. All NCEs passed the Lipinski screening.
Integrating Tumor and Nodal Radiomics to Predict the Response to
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Recurrence Risk for Locally Advanced Gastric
Cancer
Authors: Han Shimei , Han Xiaomeng , Song Yaolin , Liu Ruiqing , Wang Hexiang , Zhang Zaixian , Yu Bohua , Li Zhiming , Liu Shunli
Published: May 2024

Aims:

To develop and evaluate machine learning models using tumor and nodal radiomics features for predicting the response to neoadjuvant
chemotherapy (NAC) and recurrence risk in locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC).

Background:

Early and accurate response prediction is vital to stratify LAGC patients and select proper candidates for NAC.

Objective:

A total of 218 patients with LAGC undergoing NAC followed by gastrectomy were enrolled in our study and were randomly divided into a
training cohort (n = 153) and a validation cohort (n = 65).

Methods:

We extracted 1316 radiomics features from the volume of interest of the primary lesion and maximal lymph node on venous phase CT images. We
built 3 radiomics signatures for distinguishing good responders and poor responders based on tumor radiomics (TR), nodal radiomics (NR), and a
combination of the two (TNR), respectively. A nomogram was then developed by integrating the radiomics signature and clinical factors. Kaplan-
Meier survival curves were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the nomogram.

Results:

The TNR signature achieved improved predictive value, with AUCs of 0.755 and 0.744 in the training and validation cohorts. Our proposed
nomogram model (TNRN) showed a good performance for GR prediction in the prediction efficacy, calibration ability, and clinical benefit, with
AUCs of 0.779 and 0.732 in the training and validation cohorts, superior to the clinical model. Moreover, the TNRN could accurately classify the
patients into high-risk and low-risk groups in both training and validation cohorts with regard to postoperative recurrence and metastasis.

Conclusion:

The TNRN performed well in identifying good responders and provided valuable information for predicting progression-free survival time (PFS)
in patients with LAGC who underwent NAC.
Aberrant Intra- and Inter-Network Connectivity in Idiopathic Sudden
Sensorineural Hearing Loss with Tinnitus
Authors: Zhang Yawen , Feng Chengyan , Qian Jinjia , Zhu Genxu , Xu Xiaomin , Xu Jin-Jing , Chen Yu-Chen , Che Zigang
Published: May 2024

Background::

Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (ISSNHL) is related to alterations in brain cortical and subcortical structures, and changes in brain
functional activities involving multiple networks, which is often accompanied by tinnitus. There have been many in-depth research studies
conducted concerning ISSNHL. Despite this, the neurophysiological mechanisms of ISSNHL with tinnitus are still under exploration.

Objective::

The study aimed to investigate the neural mechanism in ISSNHL patients with tinnitus based on the alterations in intra- and inter-network
Functional Connectivity (FC) of multiple networks.

Methods::

Thirty ISSNHL subjects and 37 healthy subjects underwent resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI). Independent
Component Analysis (ICA) was used to identify 8 Resting-state Networks (RSNs). Furthermore, the study used a two-sample t-test to calculate the
intra-network FC differences, while calculating Functional Network Connectivity (FNC) to detect the inter-network FC differences.

Results::

By using the ICA approach, tinnitus patients with ISSNHL were found to have FC changes in the following RSNs: CN, VN, DMN, ECN, SMN,
and AUN. In addition, the interconnections of VN-SMN, VN-ECN, and ECN-DAN were weakened.

Conclusion::

The present study has demonstrated changes in FC within and between networks in ISSNHL with tinnitus, providing ideas for further study on the
neuropathological mechanism of the disease.
New Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as Anticancer VEGFR-2 Inhibitors with Apoptosis Induction: Design, Synthesis, and Biological and In Silico Studies
Authors: Sobh Eman A. , Dahab Mohammed A. , Elkaeed Eslam B. , Alsfouk Bshra A. , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Metwaly Ahmed M. , Eissa Ibrahim H.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is a critical
protein involved in tumor progression, making it an attractive target for cancer therapy.

Objective:

This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate novel thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues as
potential anticancer VEGFR-2 inhibitors.

Methods:

The thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues were synthesized following the pharmacophoric
features of VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The anticancer potential was assessed against PC3 and HepG2 cell
lines. The VEGFR-2 inhibition was evaluated through IC50 determination. Cell cycle analysis and
apoptosis assays were performed to elucidate the mechanisms of action. Molecular docking, molecular
dynamics simulations, MM-GBSA, and PLIP studies were conducted to investigate the
binding affinities and interactions with VEGFR-2. Additionally, in silico ADMET studies were
performed.

Results:

Compound 8b demonstrated significant anti-proliferative activities with IC50 values of
16.35 μM and 8.24 μM against PC3 and HepG2 cell lines, respectively, surpassing sorafenib and
exhibiting enhanced selectivity indices. Furthermore, compound 8b showed an IC50 value of 73 nM
for VEGFR-2 inhibition. Cell cycle analysis revealed G2-M phase arrest, while apoptosis assays
demonstrated increased apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations
confirmed the binding affinity and interaction of compound 8b with VEGFR-2, supported by MMGBSA
and PLIP studies. In silico ADMET studies indicated the drug development potential of the
synthesized thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines.

Conclusion:

The study highlights compound 8b as a promising VEGFR-2 inhibitor with potent
anti-proliferative activities. Its mechanism of action involves cell cycle arrest and induction of
apoptosis. Further, molecular docking and dynamic simulations support the strong binding affinity
of compound 8b to VEGFR-2.
Structural Insight into the Binding Pattern and Interaction Mechanism of
Antagonist MCC950 and Agonist BMS986299 with NLRP3 by Molecular
Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Zhang Ruifeng , Xiong Xin , Min Zhenli
Published: May 2024

Objective::

The NLRP3 inflammasome mediates a range of inflammatory responses
that are associated with an increasing number of pathological mechanisms. Over-activation of
NLRP3 can exacerbate many diseases. However, NLRP3 antagonists have significant therapeutic
potential. Moreover, NLRP3 plays an important role in limiting the growth and spread of
some tumors, and NLRP3 agonists also have clinical value. MCC950 and BMS986299 are an
antagonist and agonist of NLRP3, respectively. In light of the important clinical applications of
NLRP3, especially for NLRP3 inhibitors, a computational method was used to investigate the
interaction modes of MCC950 and BMS986299 with NLRP3 in order to design and develop
more potent NLRP3 regulators.

Methods::

In this study, the conformational behaviors of NLRP3 bound to the antagonist
MCC950 in an inactive state and the agonist BMS986299 in an active state were investigated
using 200 ns equilibrium all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and then the analyses
of the MD trajectories (RMSD, Rg, RMSF, SASA, PCA, and DCCM) were carried out to explore
the mechanism of the antagonist and agonist on NLRP3 in the two different states.

Results::

The RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, and PCA analyses indicated that NLRP3 was more
dispersive and less energetically stable in the active state than in the inactive state and that
MCC950 significantly reduced the fluctuations of the interactive residues while BMS986299
did not. The antagonist MCC950 interacted with residues mainly in the NBD, HD1, WHD, and
HD2 domains of NLRP3, whereas the agonist BMS986299 mainly in the NBD and WHD of
NLRP3. Additionally, both compounds did not interact with residues located in the FISNA domain.
The conformation of the FISNA domain appeared to change significantly when NLRP3
was translated from an inactive state to an active state.

Conclusion::

The antagonist may interact with residues mainly in the NBD, HD1, WHD, and
HD2 domains, and the agonist may interact in the NBD and WHD domains. Our study provided
new insights into the development of NLRP3 regulators.