bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal performance analysis and optimization design of dry type air core reactor with the double rain cover
Authors: Yuan Fa , Yang Shou , Qin Shi , Lv Kai , Tang Bo , Han Shan
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a fluid-thermal coupled finite element model is established according to the design parameters of dry type air core reactor. The detailed temperature distribution can be achieved, the maximum error coefficient of temperature rise is only 6% compared with the test results of prototype, and the accuracy of finite element calculate method is verified. Taking the equal height and heat flux design parameters of reactor as research object, the natural-convection cooling performance of reactor with and without the rain cover is investigated. It can be found that the temperature rise of reactor is significantly increased when adding the rain cover, and the reasons are given by analyzing the fluid velocity distribution of air ducts between the encapsulation coils. In order to reduce the temperature rise of the reactor with the rain cover, the optimization method based on the orthogonal experiment design and finite element method is proposed. The six factors of the double rain cover are given, which mainly affect the temperature rise of reactor, and the five levels are selected, the influence curve and contribution rate of each factor on the temperature rise of reactor are analyzed. The results show that the contribution ratio of the parameter H1, L1, and L2, are obviously higher than the parameter H2, L3, and ?, so the more attention should be paid in the design of double rain cover. Meanwhile, the optimal structural parameters of rain cover are given based on the influence curves, and the temperature rise is only 43.25?. The results show that the optimization method can reduce the temperature rise of reactor significantly. In addition, the temperature distribution of inner encapsulations coils of reactor are basically the same, the current carrying capacity of coils can be fully utilized, which provides an important guidance for the optimization design of reactor.
Thermal-hydraulic performance of TiO2-water nanofluids in an offset strip fin heat exchanger
Authors: Elibol Emre , Turgut Oguz
Published: February 2021

The flow and heat transfer characteristics of the TiO2-water nanofluid assuming as a single-phase in the rectangular offset strip fin structure for different Reynolds number (500-1000) and TiO2 nanoparticle volume concentration values (0-4%) were investigated numerically under 3-D, steady-state, and laminar flow conditions. Simulations were also performed for 1% and 4% nanoparticle volume concentrations of Al2O3-water nanofluid, and the results were compared with those of TiO2-water nanofluid. Results show that when the TiO2-water nanofluid is used, the heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, and Nusselt number increase with increasing both Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume concentration, and parallel to these, both pressure loss, and pumping power increase. Considering the values of the performance evaluation criteria number, it is clear that the use of TiO2-water nanofluid in offset strip fin structure at all Reynolds numbers examined between 1-4% volume concentration values is quite advantageous. It is observed that TiO2-water nanofluid is much superior to Al2O3-water considering the performance evaluation criteria number. When the Reynolds number is 1000 and the volume concentration value of the TiO2 nanoparticle is 4%, the performance evaluation criteria number value is found to be 1.19, that is, there is a 19% increase compared to water. It is considered that the results of this study can be used as important data on the design of automobile radiators, air-conditioning, and defense.
Characteristics of moisture release from layers of forest fuels with typical fire extinguishing agents
Authors: Kuznetsov Genii , Ponomarev Konstantin , Zhakharevich Arkadiy , Kropotova Svetlana
Published: February 2021

Typical fire extinguishing agents were considered: water, bischofite solutions, bentonite slurries, and foaming agent emulsions (with a mass fraction of 5% and 10%). The heating temperature range of 150-400 ?? was chosen to correspond to the conditions of rapid thermal decomposition of forest fuels. The experimental research findings suggest that the rates of moisture release depend exponentially on the heating temperature. It was established that the rates of moisture release in the above temperature range may differ significantly for the forest fuels and fire extinguishing agents under study. Conditions were identified when the general approximation equations, presented in this paper, can be used to predict the vaporization characteristics of firefighting liquids.
Thermodynamic performance of ammonia in liquefied natural gas precooling cycle
Authors: Soujoudi Ray , Manteufel Randall
Published: February 2021

The selection of proper refrigerants for natural gas liquefaction processes play a key role in cycle?s efficiency. Mixed refrigerants have been proven to improve cycle?s exergy efficiency over single pure refrigerant. However, the future of some of these refrigerants with higher global warming potential index are unknown due to the continuous restriction being enforced by the energy and environmental agencies over the past few decades. This study examines the benefits and drawbacks of mixing ammonia, a refrigerant with zero global warming potential index and a high occupational safety characteristic, with lighter hydrocarbon refrigerants such as methane and ethane as a mixed refrigerant in a natural gas liquefaction?s precooling cycle. Results showed, presence of ammonia in mixed refrigerant not only saved in capital cost due to the smaller footprint of plant and smaller cold box, it also lowers the plants precooling operation expense by reducing the required compression power needed for the precooling cycle up to 16.2%. The results of exergy analyses showed that by reducing the molar concentration of more pollutant refrigerant methane and replacing it with ammonia enhanced the cycle?s efficiency by 4.3% and lowered the heat exchanger total exergy loss up to 47.9 kW.
Real Effects of Financial Reporting on Innovation: Evidence from Tax Law and Accounting Standards
Authors: Williams Braden , Williams Brian M
Published: February 2021

This study examines whether financial accounting standards moderate the effectiveness of tax policy. Specifically, we examine whether myopic managers' focus on short-term financial reporting reduces the effectiveness of tax subsidies that incentivize innovation. We employ a novel setting, the issuance of Financial Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), which changed the financial reporting for some important, yet uncertain, tax incentives to innovate. For firms most affected by the standard change, we find evidence of reduced investment in innovation, reduced sensitivity of investment to tax incentives, and reduced future innovative output. Consistent with earnings myopia, we find the effect is more pronounced in firms with higher levels of transient institutional ownership and newly vesting equity compensation. These results indicate financial reporting myopia has real effects on innovation and can reduce tax policy effectiveness. The results further suggest that tax policymakers should consider both financial reporting and cash flow incentives in designing policy.
Drug Occupancy Assessment at the Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor by Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Eriksson Olof , Velikyan Irina , Haack Torsten , Bossart Martin , Evers Andreas , Lorenz Katrin , Laitinen Iina , Larsen Philip J. , Plettenburg Oliver , Johansson Lars , Pierrou Stefan , Wagner Michael
Published: February 2021

Targeting of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) is an emerging strategy in antidiabetic drug development. The aim of this study was to develop a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for the GIPR to enable the assessment of target distribution and drug target engagement in vivo. The GIPR-selective peptide S02-GIP was radiolabeled with 68Ga. The resulting PET tracer [68Ga]S02-GIP-T4 was evaluated for affinity and specificity to human GIPR (huGIPR). The in vivo GIPR binding of [68Ga]S02-GIP-T4 as well as the occupancy of a drug candidate with GIPR activity were assessed in nonhuman primates (NHPs) by PET. [68Ga]S02-GIP-T4 bound with nanomolar affinity and high selectivity to huGIPR in overexpressing cells. In vivo, pancreatic binding in NHPs could be dose-dependently inhibited by coinjection of unlabeled S02-GIP-T4. Finally, subcutaneous pretreatment with a high dose of a drug candidate with GIPR activity led to a decreased pancreatic binding of [68Ga]S02-GIP-T4, corresponding to a GIPR drug occupancy of almost 90%. [68Ga]S02-GIP-T4 demonstrated a safe dosimetric profile, allowing for repeated studies in humans. In conclusion, [68Ga]S02-GIP-T4 is a novel PET biomarker for safe, noninvasive, and quantitative assessment of GIPR target distribution and drug occupancy.
Capital estructural y desempeño organizacional en el sector público de salud del estado de Tamaulipas, México
Authors: Flores Flores Adán Jacinto
Published: February 2021

En términos generales, la salud constituye uno de los derechos básicos intrínsecos para cualquier ser humano, de ahí que sea la piedra angular de la calidad de vida de toda sociedad. En este sentido, las perspectivas del sistema sanitario deben aprovechar las herramientas estratégicas que impulsan el desempeño organizacional a través del capital estructural. Por ello, la presente investigación tiene como primer objetivo determinar los factores que componen el capital estructural y el desempeño organizacional para luego analizar su relación en el sector público de salud del estado de Tamaulipas, México. Se usó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) para validar el instrumento de medición y establecer la conformación subyacente de las dos variables de estudio. Además, con el coeficiente de correlación de Rho de Spearman se observó la reciprocidad existente entre los factores asociados a las citadas variables. Se aplicaron 125 encuestas de manera electrónica y presencial. Se determinaron dos factores para el capital estructural (1. innovación continua y 2. estructura organizativa formal) y cuatro para el desempeño organizacional (1. ciudadanía organizacional, 2. productividad, 3. dinamismo, y 4. fraternización organizacional). Los resultados coadyuvan al robustecimiento de la literatura científica y promueven la gestión estratégica proactiva en beneficio del sector público de salud tamaulipeco.
Technical English Problems in Workplace: A Case Study of ESP - Sudanese Graduate Students
Authors: Musa Fadiel Mohammed
Published: February 2021

This paper aims at investigating technical English taught in Sudan higher education to find out whether the ESP meets the students' needs when they join vocations and workplace. Twenty five students majored in different specializations participated in the study. They are graduates of different Sudanese Universities and Colleges. To yield more insights and more description, the following are the questions of the study: How does English for Specific Purpose (ESP) courses meet students' needs in their studies at colleges? 2. Do ESP courses prepare students to the workplace? The results indicate that the majority of the participants were not satisfied with their courses they learned at colleges when they were students because those courses did not meet their needs in workplaces.
ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ ІНЖЕНЕРІВ-ПРОГРАМІСТІВ ДО ТЕСТУВАННЯ ПРОГРАМНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ В УМОВАХ НЕФОРМАЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ШЛЯХИ УСПІШНОЇ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors:   Запорізький Національний Університет, Гура Олександр
Published: February 2021

This article discusses the problem of preparing student programmers for the process of software testing in real production conditions. It reveals the relevance of the field of software development in general and the testing process in particular, gives a characteristic of the latter. An analysis of the requirements put forward by employers to young specialists-testers is carried out, the main ones are highlighted: knowledge of specific theoretical aspects of activities, the availability of project experience, a high level of development of soft skills. The paper examines the international experience of training software engineers, which highlights special attention of foreign programs to the practices of non-formal education, in particular, to conducting industrial practice at the expense of the resources and programs of partner enterprises, as well as taking into account international certificates of training programs in the assessment of disciplines. In the final part of the work, a description of the concept of non-formal education is given, features of its legal status in Ukraine are highlighted, characteristics of its main features are given, such as the use of innovative teaching methods, flexibility and modifiability, implementation on the basis of specialized or independent institutions. The final part of the article examines the issue of the relevance of non-formal forms of education in the context of training future software engineers for software testing in a real project environment. An analysis of the existing commercial practices present in the educational space of Ukraine is carried out, conclusions are drawn regarding the possibility of using informal training practices within the formal programs of domestic universities.
ФОРМИ Й МЕТОДИ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ВИХОВАТЕЛІВ ДО ФОРМУВАННЯ ТВОРЧОСТІ ДІТЕЙ СТАРШОГО ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ ЗАСОБАМИ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ МОВЛЕННЄВОЇ ТА КОНСТРУКТИВНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors:   Центральноукраїнський державний педагогічний університет імені Володимира Винниченка, Котелянець Юлія
Published: February 2021

In the conditions of European integration of scientific space and modernization of the system of higher pedagogical education there are some changes in the process of future preschool teachres’ professional training. Providing interdisciplinary links between disciplines of different cycles in the process of preparation of future preschool teachers for the formation of senior preschool children’s creativity allows to form future preschool teachers’ ability to integrate knowledge from different disciplines. Integration can help to solve various pedagogical situations and tasks, provide mobility and flexibility in the usage of knowledge, skills and abilities to develop preschoolers’ creativity during pedagogical practice. Professional training of future educators for the formation of senior preschool children’s creativity begins with formation of the ability to understand the problem given by the teacher, and later to formulate it, with the development of prognostic abilities, a sense of new and desire to learn. The desire of the future educator to find new information, realize non-standard ideas, creatively master related areas of activity generates in his mind original ideas and contributes to the formation of his creative activity, which at the present stage of education is one of the leading components of the creative personality. Thus, the process of future teacher’s training should be based on creative activity. The qualities necessary for creative activity, as a rule, are not given by nature, but are obtained as a result of upbringing and education. The creative activity of a student begins when he independently searches for new ways to solve a problem, outlines new, more perfect, original directions and rational ways of solving theoretical and practical problems. Discussions and debates during the discussion of the results of creative tasks also contributed to the creative performance of pedagogical activity. New approaches to the construction of teaching methods contributed to the development of improvisation skills, planning of creative pedagogical activities, drawing up schemes of pedagogical actions and models of their implementation in the learning process.
ПРОФЕСІЙНО ОРІЄНТОВАНЕ НІМЕЦЬКОМОВНЕ УСНЕ МОВЛЕННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ: ЛІНГВІСТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors:   Тернопільський національний педагогічний університет імені Володимира Гнатюка, Бартош Ірина
Published: February 2021

Introduction. In order to develop an effective teaching methodology of professionally oriented German oral speech for the future social workers, it should be considered the linguistic features of professionally oriented oral speech. Purpose. To determine the general characteristics of oral speech, identify specific types of dialogical and monologic speech that will be recommended for teaching future social workers, the analysis and linguistic characteristics of isolated oral speech types. Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the analysis of national and foreign works for the possibility of an effective characteristics of linguistic features of the oral speech of social workers. Results. An analysis of the features of social workers’ oral speech has shown that oral speech plays a dominant role for the professional activity of a specialist. Features of dialogical speech are defined, such as two-sided character of speech, motivation, spontaneity, situationality, and monologic speech is inherent in coherence of thought, consistency, logic, unidirectionality and contextuality. Researching the oral speech of the professional sphere of the social worker, we identified the types of the dialogical speech (dialogue-story, dialogue-discussion) and the monologic speech (monologue-story, monologuepresentation) that are recommended for teaching future social workers. Based on the obtained results, the linguistic characteristics of the presented types of dialogical and monologic speech was conducted. Conclusion. Consequently, the results of the study have shown that the predominant role in the professional activity of the social worker is occupied by dialogical speech, but monologic speech also takes place. The described linguistic characteristics made it possible to identify the main features of dialogical and monologic speech, which will be considered in the development of teaching methods of the professionally oriented German oral speech.
СУЧАСНА СИСТЕМА ОСВІТИ РЕСПУБЛІКИ ПОЛЬЩА: АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ
Authors:   Інститут педагогіки НАПН України, Глушко Оксана
Published: February 2021

The article examines the educational reform of the Republic of Poland, which was introduced in 2016. The methodological basis of the research is the system-integrated principle of scientific and pedagogical search. The theoretical and comparative analysis was based on the analysis of Polish legislative documents in the education field. The article describes the school system in Poland, which functions after the introduced educational reform in 2016. It is determined that in the school education system in Poland there was an introduction of an 8-year elementary or basic school, instead of a 6-year school and a gymnasium (3 years); 3-year general education lyceums became 4-year lyceums (general secondary), and 4-year technical schools – 5-year technical schools, as well as two levels of vocational schools. The author raises the question of the justification for the liquidation of a gymnasium at the school education level. It was noted that it will be possible to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the school education reform in Poland only after conducting appropriate independent monitoring. The analysis and comparison of structural changes that occurred as a result of the education reform in 1999 and 2016 are presented. It was analyzed in detail, introduced in 1999 gymnasium level of school education. In particular, it was noted that educational reforms that took place in Poland in different years, along with changes in the education structure, were aimed at improving quality and promoting equal access to education. These educational changes can be defined as planned and systemic. The author concludes that modern education reform is aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of education, digital competencies of both students and teachers, at improving inclusive education, digitalization of school education. Structural, organizational and curriculum changes that have taken place in the education system of Poland are in line with global trends and serve to further improve the quality of educational services. Further research requires the issue of the effectiveness of reforms, taking into account the requirements of the time, in particular, the relationship between education and the labor market in the aspect of the educational policy formation in the long term.
РОЛЬ ЕТНОПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ПІДХОДУ У ПРАКТИЦІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВЧИТЕЛЯМУЗИКАНТА ДО МИСТЕЦЬКО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ У ШКОЛІ
Authors:   Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А. С. Макаренка, Крамська Світлана , Матвієнко Тетяна ,   Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А. С. Макаренка
Published: February 2021

The paper outlines the importance of ethnopedagogical approach in the practice of training musical art teachers in a higher art institution, highlights the need for deep modernization of Ukrainian ethnopedagogy achievements in modern conditions. The article defines the purpose and significance of this phenomenon, introduction of which into the educational process of the HEI can ensure successful artistic development of future teachersmusicians and their readiness for further music-pedagogical activities with elements of ethnopedagogical direction in conditions of the educational process of the secondary schools. Implementation of the ethnopedagogical approach in the process of professional training of musical art teachers will ensure successful realization of the Ukrainian national idea, will contribute to the formation of students’ national consciousness, will help them to learn universal values. Through the feeling of the richness of the sound palette of his people’s art, the personal traits of the future teacher-musician (sensitivity and intelligence, emotionality) will be nurtured, which in turn will improve his professional level. This will intensify cognitive activity of the future teachers-musicians, develop their musical and aesthetic representations, increase the overall level of musical and aesthetic culture, guide their moral beliefs accordingly. Introduction of the ethnopedagogical approach in the process of professional training of students of music-pedagogical specialties is closely related to the further development of the system of music and aesthetic education of our students, where the teacher is a kind of a mediator for the child to learn about the world. Therefore, to ensure the effective work of graduates of higher art institutions, the issue of using material from the national musical and musical-pedagogical heritage is relevant not only in the process of ethnopedagogical training in universities, but also directly in the educational process in secondary schools.
Uključenost u fizioterapiju i tjelesne aktivnosti osoba s mijastenijom gravis
Authors: Marinović Marija , Grubišić Mihaela , Bertić Želimir , Grozdek Čovčić Gordana , Lončarić Kelečić Iva , Telebuh Mirjana
Published: February 2021

Mijastenija
gravis jest autoimuna neuromuskularna bolest pri kojoj organizam stvara
protutijela protiv receptora na mišićnim stanicama i tako sprječava
prijenos podražaja sa živaca
na mišiće. Mišići se brzo umaraju i javlja
se slabost mišića. Cilj istraživanja bio je provjeriti koliko su oboljeli od mijastenije gravis
uključeni u fizioterapijski program i druge oblike tjelesne aktivnosti
te ispitati stav oboljelih o
ulozi tjelesne aktivnosti na njihovu bolest te postoji li razlika
funkcioniranja u svakodnevnom životu kod oboljelih s obzirom na
poteškoće povezane s
inkontinencijom, operaciju timusa i na spol. U
istraživanju je sudjelovalo 211 ispitanika s dijagnosticiranom
mijastenijom gravis, 181 žena (85,8%)
te 30 muškaraca (14,2%), prosječne dobi 39 godina. Rezultati
ovog istraživanja pokazuju da većina ispitanika smatra kako planirana
tjelesna aktivnost pogoršava njihovo zdravstveno
stanje, nema utjecaja ili nisu upoznati s učincima
na zdravstveno stanje, manje su tjelesno aktivne i većinski nisu
uključene u proces fizioterapije ni u
neki drugi vid tjelesne aktivnosti. Statistički značajna razlika funkcioniranja u svakodnevnom
životu nađena je kod osoba
koje su operirale timus (p<0,00)
i koje imaju problema s inkontinencijom (p<0,00). Neupitno je da mijastenija gravis dovodi do smanjenja
funkcioniranja u svakodnevnom životu te da edukacija oboljelih o važnosti terapijskog vježbanja donosi
benefite u smislu boljeg
funkcioniranja za oboljele od mijastenije gravis.
The Role and Importance of Translation for the Albanian Culture
Authors: Shala Arben
Published: February 2021

This paper outlines the importance of translation activity for the Albanian culture beginning from the earliest period, as a driving force and forerunner of the Albanian National Awakening and identity, to the latest developments related to the quantity of translations, as well as their quality, peacebuilding in Kosovo and the use of translation for subversive propaganda. Translation, along with religion and masterpieces of world literature, brought different alphabetic scripts, many foreign words and, despite the adversarial approach by the Church and ruling authorities, contributed to the codification efforts, language purification and the coining of new words. Common expressions and folklore were collected and found their way into translated texts, now serving as grounds to call for retranslation.
Dante LIANO QUEZADA, «En cinquante-quatre»
Authors: Florido Miguel Isabel
Published: February 2021

Dante José Liano Quezada (Chimaltenango, Guatemala, 1948) es escritor, ensayista y crítico literario. En el año 1973 se licenció en Letras por la Universidad de San Carlos (Guatemala), y ya en 1974 ganó el Primer Premio en la sección Novela con Casa en Avenida. En 1977 se doctoró en Literatura en la Universidad de Florencia. Permaneció en Italia desde 1980 debido a la convulsa situación política de Guatemala. Liano Quezada fue profesor de Lengua Española en la Universidad de Bolonia, de Lengua y Literatura Española en las Universidades de Feltre y Brescia, y de Literatura Hispanoamericana en la Universidad de Milán, ciudad en la que reside actualmente, y donde es catedrático de Literatura Española y Literatura Hispanoamericana en la Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.

El autor del cuento «El cincuenta y cuatro» (Liano Quezada, 2014: pp. 11-21) fue también Premio Nacional de Literatura Miguel Ángel Asturias en 1991 y fue finalista del Premio Herralde de Novela en 1987 y 2002.

Por lo general, sus novelas suelen desarrollarse en su tierra natal y utiliza con frecuencia un lenguaje coloquial, acompañado de expresiones autóctonas. Entre sus principales obras literarias se encuentran: Jornadas y otros cuentos (1978), La vida insensata (1987), El lugar de su quietud (1989), El misterio de San Andrés (1994), o Pequeña historia de viajes, amores e italianos (2008).

El cincuenta y cuatro cuenta, a través de la perspectiva del hijo, la historia de una familia que, tras el golpe de Estado de Castillo Armas en Guatemala, en el año 1954, se ve obligada a mudarse a la capital del país. A lo largo del cuento, el niño narra el transcurso de su vida en Chimaltenango, donde sus padres ocupan buenos puestos de trabajo. En el cuento se pone de manifiesto la ideología política de los padres, claramente revolucionarios, y que apoyan con vehemencia el Gobierno de Arévalo. Una vez en la capital, se narra cómo sus padres recuerdan con nostalgia aquella época, al tiempo que se pone de relieve la incomprensión del narrador de la historia, que ni siquiera recuerda si era feliz en Chimaltenango.

Este cuento forma parte de Cuentos Guatemaltecos, una recopilación de relatos alrededor de temas recurrentes en la literatura guatemalteca como son el exilio, la violencia o el indigenismo.
Simon ARMITAGE, «Esto es uno que…»
Authors: Jordán Enamorado Miguel Ángel , Villalba Pérez Paula
Published: February 2021

Simon Armitage es un reconocido poeta, novelista y dramaturgo inglés, nacido en Marsden (West Yorkshire) en 1963. Tras estudiar la carrera de Geografía, realizó sus estudios de posgrado en la Universidad de Mánchester, que culminaron con su tesis de máster sobre los efectos de la violencia televisiva en los delincuentes jóvenes. Hasta 1994 trabajó como agente de libertad condicional en Mánchester. Actualmente enseña poesía en la Universidad de Oxford.

Para algunos, Armitage es la cara moderna, accesible e insoportable de la poesía, ya que su estilo combina los juegos de palabras, la jerga, la inmediatez y el ingenio sarcástico. Estas características son fácilmente reconocibles en su prolífica y variada producción literaria, que cuenta con títulos rápidos y enérgicos como «Zoom!» o «Kid», obras que reflejan el universo escolar y ponen de manifiesto lo que parece haberse convertido en uno de los objetivos principales de Armitage, acercar la poesía al gran público, evitando que se convierta en un producto minoritario o exclusivamente académico.

Por esta razón, la poesía de Armitage aborda temas cotidianos y universales. Por ejemplo, los poemas recogidos en the Dead Sea Poems (2001) versan sobre diversos aspectos del ser humano, tales como las creencias, la confianza, la identidad y el autoconocimiento. Algunos de los textos que encontramos en esta colección, como «I say, I say, I say», sobre el que hablaremos en el siguiente apartado, ofrecen una imagen realista y conmovedora del mundo contemporáneo, dotándola de una gran intensidad imaginativa.
Reflexiones situadas sobre la extensión universitaria, la vinculación territorial y la integralidad
Authors: Gómez Silvina , Rossi Elisabet , Márquez Gonzalo
Published: February 2021

En el siguiente artículo se plasmarán algunas reflexiones situadas en vinculación con una práctica de extensión llevada a cabo en los últimos 8 años. Durante los años de trabajo en el territorio, se desarrollaron de manera simultánea un conjunto de procesos integrados que reflejan “el hacer” de la extensión a partir de una relación sinérgica universidad-sociedad: el acceso al territorio, el establecimiento de lazos, la creciente institucionalización de la extensión universitaria como contexto de la intervención llevada adelante, la propia reconfiguración en la comprensión del territorio y de la relación universidad- sociedad, y el aprendizaje situado tanto de las y los docentes como de las y los estudiantes, y la consiguiente reflexión acerca de estos procesos. Finalmente la toma de conciencia y posición acerca de la centralidad de la extensión en una renovada forma de entender la producción de conocimientos, más democrática y respetuosa de los conocimientos co-producidos con otros y otras fuera de los muros de la universidad.
Distintos puntos de vista: El arte de ver. Perspectivas integradas andando a lo largo de un trayecto de microscopía
Authors: Bucari Agustín
Published: February 2021

El siguiente artículo describe las actividades realizadas por el Grupo de Trayectos de Microscopía en el período 2013-2020 desde la integralidad. Desarrolla las actividades y propuestas que involucran a los tres pilares: Docencia, Investigación y Extensión. Teniendo como eje el problema del ver científico, su representación y la pervivencia de problemas de articulación entre asignaturas dentro de la Universidad.
Assessment of the DNA Barcodes Characteristic of Phalaenopsis deliciosa based on matK, rbcL, and ITS
Authors: Maulidya Nada Nisrina , Rohimah Siti , Ramadany Zakiyah , Ratnasari Tri , Su'udi Mukhamad
Published: February 2021

Indonesia has high biodiversity for plant species, including orchids with medicinal potential such as Phalaenopsis deliciosa. Generally, morphological characters, especially in flowers are used for orchids identification. However, when the plants are not in the flowering period, the identification becomes difficult. Therefore an alternative method, such as molecular identification (DNA barcoding) needs to be applied for the best solution. This research, which was conducted with three different markers found that the identity level of matK, rbcL, and ITS to other orchids species was 99-98%, 98%, and 94-96%, respectively. Furthermore, matK and ITS showed high specificity for Phalaenopsis deliciosa, and are therefore recommended as the best molecular identification marker of genus Phalaenopsis.
Literary and Analytical Study of the Source Plants of Kshara (Alkali) for Ksharasutra Preparation in the Management of Fistula-in-ano
Authors: Samaranayake G.V.P. , Walivita W.A.L.C. , Chandimal K.M.
Published: February 2021

The different surgical techniques and importance in disease treatment were explored by Sushruta, the father of surgery. Furthermore, Anushastra or parasurgical substances and methods from Ayurveda are distinctive in surgical fields as discovered by Sushruta. According to Susruta Samhita, Kshara or alkali are useful for performing excision/removal, incision/cutting, scraping, alleviating three Doshas and several special procedures, and therefore superior to Shastra (sharp instruments) or Anu Shastra (accessory apparatuses). Also, Kshara is derived from diverse Ayurveda plants and applied in different ways to manage various diseases, including bhagandara (fistula-in-ano) and other numerous anorectal conditions. Ksharasutra, a novel drug delivery system, is now popular in Ayurvedic surgery for anorectal Diseases and involves a thread smeared with kshara (alkali) applied to induce both mechanical and chemical cutting and healing. There are 23 Kshara source plants provided by Sushruta. This study implemented a literary analysis of the three plant sources employed to prepare Kshara sutra used for managing Fistula-in-ano.
Dagleg einkunnagjöf í íslenskum skólum
Authors: Kjartansson Helgi Skúli
Published: February 2021

Greinin fylgir eftir rannsókn Lofts Guttormssonar (2007) á svonefndum „daglegum einkunnagjöfum“ í íslenskum barnaskólum, sérstaklega í Reykjavík, áratugina kringum 1900. Samsvarandi einkunnagjöf í Lærða skólanum í Reykjavík, sem Loftur telur beina fyrirmynd barnaskólans í því efni, er athuguð með samanburði útgefinna heimilda við „vitnisburðarbók“ skólapilts 1885–1886. Lauslegur samanburður sýnir að framkvæmdin var svipuð í dönskum skólum og hinum íslensku, aðferðinni í báðum löndum beitt löngu eftir að hún var orðin hastarlega á skjön við viðtekna kennslufræði. Aðferðin fólst í að gefa nemanda talnaeinkunn fyrir frammistöðu sína í hverri kennslustund og hélst í hendur við „yfirheyrsluaðferð“ í kennslu, þ.e. að kennari setti fyrir og hlýddi yfir án þess að eyða tíma í útskýringar eða fræðslu. Eftir einkunnum var nemendum svo skipað í „skólaröð“ sem m.a. réð sætaskipan í skólastofunni. Í Lærða skólanum var þessi aðferð nokkuð umdeild en þó beitt – með ýmsum tilslökunum, misjöfnum eftir námsgreinum – uns hún var afnumin með breytingunni í menntaskóla 1904. Í barnaskólum fjaraði hún út um svipað leyti, svo treglega þó að 1908 sá nýskipaður fræðslumálastjóri ástæðu til að mæla skörulega gegn henni.
Ígrundaðir starfshættir í kennaranámi listamanna
Authors: Valsdóttir Kristín
Published: February 2021

Viðfangsefni þessarar greinar er að varpa ljósi á þátt markvissrar ígrundunar í listkennaranámi og hugsanleg áhrif hennar á þróun sjálfsmyndar listamanna sem listkennara. Rannsóknin er byggð á doktorsrannsókn minni sem fjallaði um nám og námsferil listamanna sem bæta við sig kennaranámi. Markmið þeirrar rannsóknar var að varpa ljósi á þær áskoranir sem mæta listkennaranemum á nýjum vettvangi – vettvangi menntunarfræða. Niðurstöður hennar gefa til kynna að ólíkar aðferðir til ígrundunar, ásamt þeirri áherslu í náminu að horfa til fyrri þekkingar og reynslu, hjálpi nemendum að setja nýja þekkingu í persónulegt samhengi og móta þannig eigin ígrundaða starfshætti sem kennarar. Byggt er á gögnum úr doktorsrannsókninni en farið dýpra í þann hluta sem lýtur að hvernig nemendur þroska með sér nýja sjálfsmynd sem listkennarar í gegnum ígrundun í náminu. Fjallað er um þögla þekkingu (e. tacit knowledge) í tengslum við markvissa ígrundun um og við athöfn og mikilvægi þess fyrir kennara að finna leiðir að sjálfsþekkingu. Einnig er í því samhengi litið til kenninga um lífssögunám, sem er sú þekking sem við berum með okkur, meðvitað og ómeðvitað, með tilliti til þess hvernig við getum þróað með okkur ígrundaða starfshætti í námi og starfi. Þá er fjallað um námsmenningu og ljósi varpað á mikilvægi hennar sem mótandi afls fyrir alla þátttakendur og að bjóða nemendum upp á fjölbreyttar leiðir til að ígrunda og tengja nám við eigin persónulega reynslu og þekkingu.
Sveinspróf í iðnmenntakerfinu: Tímaskekkja eða réttmætt mat á hæfni?
Authors: Guðmundsdóttir Guðfinna , Eiríksdóttir Elsa
Published: February 2021

Í þeirri rannsókn sem hér er fjallað um eru sveinspróf skoðuð, bæði út frá stöðu þeirra sem samfélagsleg viðurkenning á hæfni fagmanns og sem lokamat á námi í iðngrein. Nám til iðnsveins fer fram í tvískiptu kerfi löggiltra iðngreina, annars vegar í skóla og hins vegar á vinnustað. Sveinspróf eru próf atvinnulífsins og tekin eftir að námi í skóla lýkur með burtfararprófi og vinnustaðahluta námsins er lokið. Sveinspróf í iðngrein veita lögvernduð réttindi til að starfa sjálfstætt við greinina og er talið mælikvarði á kunnáttu fagmanns í viðkomandi iðngrein. Markmið rannsóknarinnar er að varpa ljósi á viðhorf þeirra sem starfa innan starfsmenntakerfisins, sveina, iðngreinakennara og iðnmeistara til sveinsprófa. Spurt er hvernig sveinspróf tengjast iðnnámi í heild, hvernig innihaldsréttmæti sveinsprófa birtist þeim sem nema og kenna iðngreinar og skoðuð er upplifun þeirra af próftökuferlinu, með tilliti til undirbúnings, einkunnagjafar og tengsla við burtfararpróf frá skóla. Unnið var úr viðtalsgögnum við 24 kennara, meistara og sveina í fjórum ólíkum iðngreinum. Niðurstöður benda til þess að viðmælendur telji innihaldsréttmæti sveinsprófa ábótavant og oft meti þau ekki það sem kennt er í náminu í heild, í skóla og á vinnustað. Viðmælendur höfðu ekki allir sömu sýn á til hvaða þátta námsins sveinspróf ætti að ná, en þó voru flestir sammála um að það væri ekki í takt við kröfur fagsins. Niðurstöður sýna að stjórnsýsla sveinsprófa er flókin og mikilvægt sé að þeir sem hagsmuna eiga að gæta vinni og ræði saman til að tryggja réttmæti prófanna. Sveinspróf eiga að tryggja að fullnuma iðnaðarmaður hafi öðlast þá þekkingu, leikni og hæfni sem til er ætlast til að geta starfað sjálfstætt. Skorti þau hins vegar réttmæti gera þau það ekki.
Viðhorf íslenskra barna til íslensku og ensku: Hvað segja þau um íslensku- og enskukennslu í grunnskólum?
Authors: Sigurðardóttir Ólöf Björk , Sigurjónsdóttir Sigríður
Published: February 2021

Í þessari grein er fjallað um viðhorf íslenskra barna til móðurmálsins og alþjóðamálsins ensku og sérstaklega hugað að hvað þau segja um íslensku- og enskukennslu á yngsta stigi og miðstigi grunnskólans. Greinin byggist á gögnum úr viðtalshluta öndvegisverkefnisins Greining á málfræðilegum afleiðingum stafræns málsambýlis, sem Sigríður Sigurjónsdóttir og Eiríkur Rögnvaldsson stýrðu árin 2016–2019. Innan verkefnisins voru samdar ítarlegar vefkannanir sem 724 börn á aldrinum 3–12 ára svöruðu og 106 barna sérvalið úrtak úr þeim hópi kom síðan í viðtöl og frekari prófanir. Hér er unnið úr svörum 40 þeirra 106 barna sem tóku þátt í viðtalshluta öndvegisverkefnisins. Börnin sem hér er fjallað um voru valin út frá magni stafræns ílags/máláreitis, þar sem helmingur barnanna fékk mikið stafrænt ílag en hinn helmingurinn lítið.Niðurstöður benda til að viðhorf 3–12 ára barna til beggja mála séu almennt jákvæð og mikið stafrænt ílag virðist ekki hafa neikvæð áhrif á viðhorf til móðurmálsins. Þemagreining á svörum barnanna sýnir að ólík viðhorf til íslensku og ensku má einkum greina í svörum 6–12 ára barna í tengslum við skólastarf. Börnin tengja góða færni í íslensku við íslenskukennslu í skólanum þar sem þau læri að tala „rétt mál“. Þar telja börn með mikið stafrænt ílag sig hins vegar læra litla ensku því hana læri þau frekar af því að horfa á enskt efni og spila tölvuleiki í frítíma sínum. Áhugavert er að börnin telja sig þurfa að læra móðurmálið í skóla en erlenda/annað málið ensku telja sum þeirra sig læra úti í samfélaginu. Þessar niðurstöður eru í samræmi við niðurstöður annarra nýlegra rannsókna á viðhorfum barna til íslensku- og enskukennslu í grunnskólum. Þær kalla á endurskoðun á kennslu í báðum málum í 1.–7. bekk grunnskóla, þar sem kennslan þarf að vera einstaklingsmiðaðri og taka mið af breyttri stöðu móðurmálsins og ensku í stafrænu samfélagi nútímans.
La Problematización: Herramienta para facilitar el aprendizaje auténtico de las ciencias en el nivel elemental
Authors: Clark Mora Linda , Velazquez Rivera Lizzette M. , Quiñonez Perez Isaris R.
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se presenta cómo la problematización, que se facilitó por medio del Proyecto Réplicas para la Vida, sirvió de contexto para que estudiantes de sexto grado aprendieran de manera auténtica acerca de ecología. Se describe cómo a través de diferentes actividades realizadas durante un semestre, dentro y fuera del salón de clases, los estudiantes experimentaron un aprendizaje auténtico que les ayudó a tomar conciencia de su impacto ambiental y su rol en la sociedad. Las actividades medulares del proyecto se dividieron en: a) actividades para facilitar la problematización, b) actividades de aprendizaje y c) actividades para aplicar lo aprendido. A través de este proyecto los estudiantes investigaron un problema, desarrollaron un producto y prestaron un servicio a su comunidad. Finalmente, se presentan los logros más importantes del proyecto. Se concluye que la problematización es una herramienta útil para facilitar el aprendizaje auténtico de las ciencias en el nivel elemental.
The Epoch of Peter I in the Historical Consciousness of the Decembrists
Authors: Andreeva Tatyana V.
Published: February 2021

The article analyses the attitude to the Petrine era shared by the members of the secret political societies in the first quarter of the 19th century. The study focuses on the assessments of the personality of Peter I, his reform activities and its aftermath for Russian history that were stated by the participants of the Decembrist revolt. Although only some of the Decembrists had a professional background as historians, the comprehension of grandiose state transformations in the first quarter of the 18th century was significantly important for the majority of the plotters. The author shows that various assessments of the Decembrists Petrine era were determined by the combination in their historical consciousness of westernism and ideas of Russian identity. Decembrists, as people of their epoch, had different views on Peter I: from idealization to censure. Their ambiguous attitude to the reforms of Peter I was based on the Petrine compromise concept of state-building according to Western models with their adaptation to Russian conditions, which led to the “catching-up model” of Russia’s development, its secondary nature in relation to Western civilization. Realizing the interconnection between the establishment of an autocratic state system and the creation of a new social structure, the Decembrists, especially the authors of historical and political books and treatises, reacted negatively to the formation in Peter’s time of a new type of statehood – a “regular state” – with its comprehensive control, suppression of individual liberty and legal consolidation of serfdom.
Perfil etiológico e epidemiológico das vulvovaginites que acometem mulheres em uma cidade do estado de Tocantins
Authors: Alves Geisa Barbosa , Alvim Mariana Caroline Tocantins , Odorizzi Valdir Francisco , Borges Ana Kleiber Pessoa , Baptista Anderson Barbosa
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a etiologia e a epidemiologia da microbiota vaginal das mulheres de uma cidade do estado do Tocantins. Métodos: As amostras coletadas foram cultivadas em meio Ágar Sangue enriquecido com Ágar Base Columbia em atmosfera microaerófila e Ágar Sabouraud Dextrose. Foram incubadas a 35°C por 60 horas para diferenciar contaminantes GRAM negativos utilizou-se o Ágar Macconkey. Foram produzidos esfregaços com coloração de GRAM. As amostras com crescimento de colônias no Ágar Sangue foram submetidas ao teste de catalase e, posteriormente, teste de fermentação de açucares, utilizando o meio Triple Sugar Iron. Para a diferenciação de leveduras, as colônias passaram pela Prova do Tubo Germinativo. Resultados: Foram identificadas a bactéria Gardnerella vaginalis e o fungo Candida albicans em 4 % e 7%, respectivamente. Detectamos a presença de cocos e diplococos Gram positivo, lactobacilos, bacilos curtos e células leveduriformes. Conclusão: Contribuiu para a compreensão do perfil epidemiológico da saúde vaginal das mulheres dessa região, uma vez que em todo o estado não há estudos da microbiota vaginal, suprindo a carência de conhecimento científico regional sobre a ocorrência destas doenças e, consequentemente, a melhoria dos serviços de saúde prestados a essas pacientes.
A randomized, open-label study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) versus miltefosine in patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
Authors: Pandey Krishna , Pal Biplab , Siddiqui Niyamat Ali , Lal Chandra Shekhar , Ali Vahab , Bimal Sanjiva , Kumar Ashish , Verma Neena , Das Vidya Nand Rabi , Singh Shubhankar Kumar , Topno Roshan Kamal , Das Pradeep
Published: February 2021

Background:

Treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis cases is of paramount importance for kala-azar elimination; however, limited treatment regimens are available as of now.

Aim:

To compare the effectiveness of liposomal amphotericin B vs miltefosine in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis patients.

Methodology:

This was a randomized, open-label, parallel-group study. A total of 100 patients of post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis, aged between 5 and 65 years were recruited, 50 patients in each group A (liposomal amphotericin B) and B (miltefosine). Patients were randomized to receive either liposomal amphotericin B (30 mg/kg), six doses each 5 mg/kg, biweekly for 3 weeks or miltefosine 2.5 mg/kg or 100 mg/day for 12 weeks. All the patients were followed at 3rd, 6th and 12th months after the end of the treatment.

Results:

In the liposomal amphotericin B group, two patients were lost to follow-up, whereas four patients were lost to follow-up in the miltefosine group. The initial cure rate by “intention to treat analysis” was 98% and 100% in liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine group, respectively. The final cure rate by “per protocol analysis” was 74.5% and 86.9% in liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine, respectively. Twelve patients (25.5%) in the liposomal amphotericin B group and six patients (13%) in the miltefosine group relapsed. None of the patients in either group developed any serious adverse events.

Limitations:

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was not performed at all the follow-up visits and sample sizes.

Conclusion:

Efficacy of miltefosine was found to be better than liposomal amphotericin B, hence, the use of miltefosine as first-line therapy for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis needs to be continued. However, liposomal amphotericin B could be considered as one of the treatment options for the elimination of kala-azar from the Indian subcontinent.