bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inmersión en la digitalización de las redes sociales en turismo y el patrimonio: un cambio de paradigma
Authors: Barrientos-Báez Almudena , CALDEVILLA DOMÍNGUEZ DAVID , FÉLIX MATEUS ANABELA
Published: October 2022

Con esta investigación nos proponemos analizar diferentes redes sociales involucradas en la evolución del turismo y la potenciación del patrimonio, particularmente en las últimas dos décadas, antes de que la pandemia de la covid-19 irrumpiera en nuestras vidas. Se realizó un estudio bibliográfico longitudinal cualitativo de los temas definidos y un cruce de los resultados obtenidos. Concluimos el análisis con una valoración cuantitativa de la evolución del número de turistas y los ingresos por viajes y turismo en revistas especializadas. Los resultados, basados en análisis bibliográficos, llevaron a un aumento del número de turistas y a la evolución de los ingresos por viajes y turismo aunque con una ligera caída no significativa en 2018. No obstante, no podemos confirmar una realidad diferente a la que esperábamos. La curva significativamente creciente en el momento fundamental del estudio (2020) se revierte sin una fecha de recuperación prevista a causa de las restricciones nacionales e internacionales al turismo.
Al Este de Babel, construcción y desconstrucción de las lógicas del lenguaje, dentro de la dicotomía de la Modernidad y el Romanticismo.
Authors: Tovar Margarita
Published: October 2022

Reseña del lbro Al Este de Babel. Sujeto, verdad y lenguaje en la era de los algoritmos (2021),  escrito por Antonio Asencio Guillén, el cual aborda en forma de ensayo y revisión crítica, su interpretación de la modernidad histórica, la posmodernidad, la creación cultural de la cibernética y sus efectos sobre el sujeto en la era contemporánea.
An Examination of Science Achievement and School Compositional Effects in Ireland Using TIMSS Data
Authors: Nonte Sonja , Clerkin Aidan , Perkins Rachel
Published: October 2022

Recent educational policy initiatives in Ireland have focused on improving outcomes in reading and mathematics among students, particularly those experiencing educational disadvantage. However, science achievement in Irish primary schools has received much less research attention, especially in the context of educational disadvantage. This article examines science achievement and its relationship to school compositional effects in primary schools at the national level, including school-average indicators of the school context, as well as examining factors associated with science achievement in three distinct categories of schools (those with high, moderate, or minor levels of educational disadvantage). The data are drawn from the Fourth grade Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015 database for Ireland. Multilevel analyses were implemented in a stepwise manner. Findings suggest the relevance of school contexts with regard to science achievement. Before including school-level contextual variables, students from ‘minor disadvantaged’ schools achieved significantly higher science scores than students from schools with ‘moderate’ or ‘high’ levels of disadvantaged. However, this difference disappears after controlling for predictors at the school level. The findings highlight the importance of the home environment, including early numeracy activities and skills before children start school. Results are discussed with regard to educational policy and educational practice in Ireland.
On the Theoretical Features of the Political Economy of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and the New Issues
Authors: He Zili
Published: October 2022

Marxist political economy possesses a unique theoretical quality, and provides deep insights into the laws of social development and the progress of human society. The political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the product of combining the fundamentals of Marxist political economy with the practice of the economic construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics; it also plays an important role in guiding China as it records economic achievements that are attracting worldwide attention. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, in which the political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics is being called upon to deal with a series of new issues as well as to make new contributions to promoting the construction of socialist modernization and the cause of reform and opening-up.
Understanding the Context of Global Health Policies
Authors: Sen Kasturi , Qadeer Imrana , Missoni Eduardo
Published: October 2022

The systemic inadequacies of models of health systems propagated by the advocates of global health policies (GHPs) have fragmented health service systems, particularly in middle- and lower-income countries. GHPs are underpinned by economic interests and the need for control by the global elite, irrespective of people’s health needs. The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the advocates of GHPs, leading to calls for a movement for “decolonisation” of global health. Much of this narrative on the “decolonisation” of GHPs critiques its northern knowledge base, and the power derived from it at individual, institutional and national levels. This, it argues, has led to an unequal exchange of knowledge, making it impossible to end decades of oppressive hegemony and to prevent inappropriate decision-making on GHPs. Despite these legitimate concerns, little in the literature on the decolonisation of GHPs extends beyond epistemological critiques. This article offers a radically different perspective. It is based on an understanding of the role of transnational capital in extracting wealth from the economies of low- and middle-income countries resulting in influencing and shaping public health policy and practice, including interactions between the environment and health. It mobilises historical evidence of distorted priorities underpinning GHPs and the damaging consequences for health services throughout the world.
Community social work in Palestine: from resilience to national resistance
Authors: Faraj Ziad Yousef
Published: October 2022

In the absence of a national Palestinian state and in response to the oppressive daily practices of the British Mandate government, the Israeli settlers’ colonial occupation and the Arab governments that ruled the West Bank and Gaza between 1950 and 1967, the Palestinian community has had to create and develop a set of indigenous resilience strategies. Muslih (1993) and Faraj (2017) refer to all these strategies as ‘A’mal Ejtima’y’, or ‘popular social work’, characterised by collectivism, public participation and non-hierarchical design, which has played a role in mobilising masses and facilitating youth engagement in the decolonisation process. Despite more than a century of existence of this form of social work in Palestine, it has received marginal or no attention from formal social work education and research. Recent years have witnessed some indications of the ‘resurrection’ of community social work in its very popular version.
Single scattering models for radiative transfer of isotropic and cone-shaped light sources in fog
Authors: Geiger Simeon , Liemert André , Reitzle Dominik , Bijelic Mario , Ramazzina Andrea , Ritter Werner , Heide Felix , Kienle Alwin
Published: October 2022

The simulation of rare edge cases such as adverse weather conditions is the enabler for the deployment of the next generation of autonomous drones and vehicles into conditions where human operation is error-prone. Therefore, such settings must be simulated as accurately as possible and be computationally efficient, so to allow the training of deep learning algorithms for scene understanding, which require large-scale datasets disallowing extensive Monte Carlo simulations. One computationally-expensive step is the simulation of light sources in scattering media, which can be tackled by the radiative transfer equation and approximated by analytical solutions in the following. Traditionally, a single scattering event is assumed for fog rendering, since it is the dominant effect for relatively low scattering media. This assumption allows us to present an improved solution to calculate the so called air-light integral that can be evaluated fast and robustly for an isotropic point source in homogeneous media. Additionally, the solution is extended for a cone-shaped source and implemented in a computer vision rendering pipeline fulfilling computational restrictions for deep learning uses. All solutions can handle arbitrary azimuthally symmetric phase functions and were tested with the Henyey-Greenstein phase function and an advection fog phase function calculated from a particle distribution using Mie’s theory. The used approximations are validated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations and the solutions are used to augment good weather images towards inclement conditions with focus on visible light sources, so to provide additional data in such hard-to-collect settings.
Lasing at 2.72 µm in an Er3+-doped high-purity tungsten–tellurite glass fiber laser
Authors: Muraviev Sergei V. , Dorofeev Vitaly V. , Motorin Sergei E. , Koltashev Vasily V. , Koptev Maksim Y. , Kim Arkady V.
Published: October 2022

This Letter reports the experimental realization, for the first time to our knowledge, of lasing in an erbium-doped tellurite fiber at 2.72 µm. The key to the successful implementation was the use of advanced technology for obtaining ultra-dry preforms of tellurite glasses, as well as the creation of single-mode Er3+-doped tungsten–tellurite fibers with an almost imperceptible absorption band of hydroxyl groups, with a maximum of ∼3 µm. The linewidth of the output spectrum was as narrow as 1 nm. Our experiments also confirm the possibility of pumping the Er-doped tellurite fiber with a low-cost high efficiency diode laser at 976 nm.
Single frequency tunable UV laser at 308 nm based on all-fiberized master oscillator power amplifiers
Authors: Pan Lei , Geng Jihong , Hanisco Thomas F. , Jiang Shibin
Published: October 2022

A tunable narrow linewidth UV laser near 308 nm is necessary for highly sensitive hydroxyl (OH) radical measurement. We demonstrated a high-power fiber-based single frequency tunable pulsed UV laser at 308 nm. The UV output is generated from the sum frequency of a 515 nm fiber laser and a 768 nm fiber laser, which are harmonic generations from our proprietary high-peak-power silicate glass Yb- and Er-doped fiber amplifiers. A 3.50 W single frequency UV laser with 100.8 kHz pulse repetition rate, 3.6 ns pulse width, 34.7 µJ pulse energy, and 9.6 kW peak power has been achieved, which represents the first demonstration, to the best of our knowledge, of a high-power fiber-based 308 nm UV laser. With temperature control of the single frequency distributed feedback seed laser, the UV output is tunable for up to 792 GHz at 308 nm.
High numerical aperture RGB achromatic metalens in the visible
Authors: Baek Sangwon , Kim Joohoon , Kim Yeseul , Seok Cho Won , Badloe Trevon , Moon Seong-Won , Rho Junsuk , Lee Jong-Lam
Published: October 2022

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate an RGB achromatic metalens that operates concurrently at three visible wavelengths (

λ
=
450

, 532, and 700 nm) with a high numerical aperture of 0.87. The RGB metalens is designed by simple integration of metalens components with the spatial interleaving method. The simulated spatial interleaving metalens shows RGB achromatic operation with focusing efficiencies of 25.2%, 58.7%, and 66.4% at the wavelengths of 450, 532, and 700 nm, respectively. A 450 μm diameter metalens operating at three designated wavelengths is fabricated with low-loss hydrogenated amorphous silicon. The fabricated metalens has the measured focusing efficiencies of 5.9%, 11.3%, and 13.6% at

λ
=
450

, 532, and 700 nm, respectively. The Strehl ratios of 0.89, 0.88, and 0.82 are obtained at given wavelengths, which show a capability of diffraction-limited operation.
Validation of Fitbit Charge 4 for assessing sleep in Chinese patients with chronic insomnia: A comparison against polysomnography and actigraphy
Authors: Dong Xiaofang , Yang Sen , Guo Yuanli , Lv Peihua , Wang Min , Li Yusheng
Published: October 2022

Our research aims to assess the performance of a new generation of consumer activity trackers (Fitbit Charge 4TM: FBC) to measure sleep variables and sleep stage classifications in patients with chronic insomnia, compared to polysomnography (PSG) and a widely used actigraph (Actiwatch Spectrum Pro: AWS). We recruited 37 participants, all diagnosed with chronic insomnia disorder, for one night of sleep monitoring in a sleep laboratory using PSG, AWS, and FBC. Epoch-by-epoch analysis along with Bland–Altman plots was used to evaluate FBC and AWS against PSG for sleep-wake detection and sleep variables: total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), waking after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep onset latency (SOL). FBC sleep stage classification of light sleep (LS), deep sleep (DS), and rapid eye movement (REM) was also compared to that of PSG. When compared with PSG, FBC notably underestimated DS (-41.4, p < 0.0001) and SE (-4.9%, p = 0.0016), while remarkably overestimating LS (37.7, p = 0.0012). However, the TST, WASO, and SOL assessed by FBC presented no significant difference from that assessed by PSG. Compared with PSG, AWS and FBC showed great accuracy (86.9% vs. 86.5%) and sensitivity (detecting sleep; 92.6% vs. 89.9%), but comparatively poor specificity (detecting wake; 35.7% vs. 62.2%). Both devices showed better accuracy in assessing sleep than wakefulness, with the same sensitivity but statistically different specificity. FBC supplied equivalent parameters estimation as AWS in detecting sleep variables except for SE. This research shows that FBC cannot replace PSG thoroughly in the quantification of sleep variables and classification of sleep stages in Chinese patients with chronic insomnia; however, the user-friendly and low-cost wearables do show some comparable functions. Whether FBC can serve as a substitute for actigraphy and PSG in patients with chronic insomnia needs further investigation.
Clinical applicability of deep learning-based respiratory signal prediction models for four-dimensional radiation therapy
Authors: Jeong Sangwoon , Cheon Wonjoong , Cho Sungkoo , Han Youngyih
Published: October 2022

For accurate respiration gated radiation therapy, compensation for the beam latency of the beam control system is necessary. Therefore, we evaluate deep learning models for predicting patient respiration signals and investigate their clinical feasibility. Herein, long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM), and the Transformer are evaluated. Among the 540 respiration signals, 60 signals are used as test data. Each of the remaining 480 signals was spilt into training and validation data in a 7:3 ratio. A total of 1000 ms of the signal sequence (Ts) is entered to the models, and the signal at 500 ms afterward (Pt) is predicted (standard training condition). The accuracy measures are: (1) root mean square error (RMSE) and Pearson correlation coefficient (CC), (2) accuracy dependency on Ts and Pt, (3) respiratory pattern dependency, and (4) error for 30% and 70% of the respiration gating for a 5 mm tumor motion for latencies of 300, 500, and 700 ms. Under standard conditions, the Transformer model exhibits the highest accuracy with an RMSE and CC of 0.1554 and 0.9768, respectively. An increase in Ts improves accuracy, whereas an increase in Pt decreases accuracy. An evaluation of the regularity of the respiratory signals reveals that the lowest predictive accuracy is achieved with irregular amplitude patterns. For 30% and 70% of the phases, the average error of the three models is <1.4 mm for a latency of 500 ms and >2.0 mm for a latency of 700 ms. The prediction accuracy of the Transformer is superior to LSTM and Bi-LSTM. Thus, the three models have clinically applicable accuracies for a latency <500 ms for 10 mm of regular tumor motion. The clinical acceptability of the deep learning models depends on the inherent latency and the strategy for reducing the irregularity of respiration.
Testing a counseling message for increasing uptake of self-injectable contraception in southern Malawi: A mixed-methods, clustered randomized controlled study
Authors: Burke Holly M. , Packer Catherine , Zingani Akuzike , Moses Philemon , Bernholc Alissa , Ruderman Lucy W. , Martinez Andres , Chen Mario
Published: October 2022

Objective

While self-injection of subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC) has well-documented benefits, uptake may be improved by addressing client concerns such as fear of self-injury and low self-efficacy. However, current training materials for family planning providers do not address these concerns. We used an iterative process with family planning providers and clients, male community leaders and partners, and stakeholders in Malawi to develop a counseling message addressing user-centered concerns about self-injection. We report on our testing of the effectiveness of this evidence-based message for increasing self-injection uptake in the context of full method choice.

Methods

We randomized 60 public facilities across two districts in southern Malawi to orient their providers to the message (treatment) or not (control). After strengthening data quality, we extracted routine service delivery data from the facilities six months before and after introducing the message. We compared pre- and post-orientation trends for the treatment and control groups using generalized linear mixed models. We conducted eight focus group discussions with a sample of providers oriented to the message.

Results

The message was feasible to implement and highly acceptable to providers. During June 2020–June 2021, 16,593 new clients used injectables in Mangochi district (52% DMPA-SC; 15% self-injected). In Thyolo district, 7,761 new clients used injectables during July 2020–July 2021 (29% DMPA-SC; 14% self-injected). We observed high variability in number of clients and self-injection uptake across facilities and over time, indicating inconsistent offering of self-injection. In both districts, we found significant increases in self-injection in treatment facilities after message introduction. However, this increase was not sustained, especially when DMPA-SC was unavailable or about to expire.

Conclusion

Based on the study findings, we recommend the evidence-based message be used in programs offering DMPA-SC self-injection services. However, effective use of the message is contingent upon a consistent supply of DMPA-SC.
Selection of single domain anti-transferrin receptor antibodies for blood-brain barrier transcytosis using a neurotensin based assay and histological assessment of target engagement in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s related amyloid-beta pathology
Authors: Su Shiran , Esparza Thomas J. , Brody David L.
Published: October 2022

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a major obstacle in developing specific diagnostic imaging agents for many neurological disorders. In this study we aimed to generate single domain anti-mouse transferrin receptor antibodies (anti-mTfR VHHs) to mediate BBB transcytosis as components of novel MRI molecular contrast imaging agents. Anti-mTfR VHHs were produced by immunizing a llama with mTfR, generation of a VHH phage display library, immunopanning, and in vitro characterization of candidates. Site directed mutagenesis was used to generate additional variants. VHH fusions with neurotensin (NT) allowed rapid, hypothermia-based screening for VHH-mediated BBB transcytosis in wild-type mice. One anti-mTfR VHH variant was fused with an anti-amyloid-beta (Aβ) VHH dimer and labeled with fluorescent dye for direct assessment of in vivo target engagement in a mouse model of AD-related Aβ plaque pathology. An anti-mTfR VHH called M1 and variants had binding affinities to mTfR of <1nM to 1.52nM. The affinity of the VHH binding to mTfR correlated with the efficiency of the VHH-NT induced hypothermia effects after intravenous injection of 600 nmol/kg body weight, ranging from undetectable for nonbinding mutants to -6°C for the best mutants. The anti-mTfR VHH variant M1P96H with the strongest hypothermia effect was fused to the anti-Aβ VHH dimer and labeled with Alexa647; the dye-labeled VHH fusion construct still bound both mTfR and Aβ plaques at concentrations as low as 0.22 nM. However, after intravenous injection at 600 nmol/kg body weight into APP/PS1 transgenic mice, there was no detectible labeling of plaques above control levels. Thus, NT-induced hypothermia did not correlate with direct target engagement in cortex, likely because the concentration required for NT-induced hypothermia was lower than the concentration required to produce in situ labeling. These findings reveal an important dissociation between NT-induced hypothermia, presumably mediated by hypothalamus, and direct engagement with Aβ-plaques in cortex. Additional methods to assess anti-mTfR VHH BBB transcytosis will need to be developed for anti-mTfR VHH screening and the development of novel MRI molecular contrast agents.
Alignment of the metatarsal heads affects foot inversion/eversion during tiptoe standing on one leg in demi–pointe position: A cross–sectional study on recreational dancers
Authors: Imura Akiko , Nagaki Hiroyuki , Higuch Takahiro
Published: October 2022

Classical ballet dancers stand on tiptoe in the demi–pointe position where the ankle is plantarflexed, and the toes extend around a mediolateral axis passing through the second metatarsal head. Foot sickling, the foot inversion/eversion when the forefoot is grounded, should be avoided to achieve esthetics and prevent injuries during tiptoe standing. The foot inversion/eversion angle may change depending on the metatarsal heads through which the toe extension axis passes. This study investigated the relationship between metatarsal alignment in both load positions and foot inversion/eversion angle during tiptoe standing. Nine recreational female ballet dancers performed tiptoe standing on a single leg in the demi–pointe position. The foot inversion/eversion angle, the centre of pressure (COP) positions, and angles between adjacent metatarsal heads in the horizontal plane were investigated using motion–capture data and magnetic resonance imaging of the forefoot. As the angle between the second and adjacent metatarsal heads became more acute during tiptoe standing on the non-dominant leg, the dancers everted the foot more and significantly loaded the first toe–side more, and vice versa (r= −0.85 and −0.82, respectively). Then, the load positions were distributed on the distal side of the second metatarsal head. These were not seen during standing on the dominant leg with COPs more proximal to the second metatarsal head. In conclusion, dancers load the distal part of the second metatarsal head during tiptoe standing on the non–dominant leg. When the angle at the second metatarsal head was acute, within the triangle formed by the first, second, and third metatarsal heads, even slight mediolateral shifts of load positions altered the toe extension axis around that metatarsal head; the dancers loaded medial to the second metatarsal head and everted the foot and vice versa. Therefore, the angle between the second and adjacent metatarsal heads influenced the foot inversion/eversion angle.
Longitudinal analysis of sentiment and emotion in news media headlines using automated labelling with Transformer language models
Authors: Rozado David , Hughes Ruth , Halberstadt Jamin
Published: October 2022

This work describes a chronological (2000–2019) analysis of sentiment and emotion in 23 million headlines from 47 news media outlets popular in the United States. We use Transformer language models fine-tuned for detection of sentiment (positive, negative) and Ekman’s six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise) plus neutral to automatically label the headlines. Results show an increase of sentiment negativity in headlines across written news media since the year 2000. Headlines from right-leaning news media have been, on average, consistently more negative than headlines from left-leaning outlets over the entire studied time period. The chronological analysis of headlines emotionality shows a growing proportion of headlines denoting anger, fear, disgust and sadness and a decrease in the prevalence of emotionally neutral headlines across the studied outlets over the 2000–2019 interval. The prevalence of headlines denoting anger appears to be higher, on average, in right-leaning news outlets than in left-leaning news media.
Notas sobre a mecânica dos solos dos estados críticos
Authors: Perloff William
Published: October 2022

Este artigo diz respeito a uma exposição, realizada no LNEC, sobre o objectivo e abordagem genérica da investigação que, em mecânica dos solos, tem vindo a ser efectuada na Universidade de Cambridge e dos aspectos dessa pesquiza incorporados no trabalho «Criticail State Soil Mechanics» (Schofield e Wrolh, 1968).
Investigação em Mecânica dos Solos
Authors: Folque José
Published: October 2022

Passa-se em revista a situação actual de diversas questões de Mecânica dos Solos com o objectivo de avaliar sumariamente as perspectivas de investigação que irão ser lançadas para desenvolvimento futuro.
Caracteristicas pos-rotura de rochas em compressao uniaxial, obtidas numa prensa com aumento artificial de rigidez
Authors: Gama C. Dinis
Published: October 2022

É um facto de observação corrente, considerado muitas vezes inevitável, que as escavações subterrâneas estão rodeadas por rocha fracturada, sem que isso conduza à respectiva ruína. O projecto desses trabalhos depende do conhecimento do comportamento mecânico de rochas fracturadas e a consideração de urna resistência inerente às mesmas tem grande interesse prático, pois convirá controlar sempre a correspondente segurança.

Justifica-se, portanto, uma mais perfeita compreensão do comportamento de rochas na rotura e após a rotura, o que implica o registo das características completas tensão-deformação unitária, só possível em sistemas de carga dotados de muita elevada rigidez.  Para as prensas de laboratório clássicas haverá que dispor de processos artificiais para lhes incrementar a rigidez, de modo a tornar a aplicação de solicitações práticamente independente da reacção da amostra ensaiada.

Neste trabalho são descritos três dos processos que se podem utilizar para promover o aumento da rigidez de urna prensa convencional, em ensaios realizados à compressão uniaxial e sobre dois tipos de rochas. O registo do ramo descendente das curvas tensão-deformação unitária é obtido por meios directos e indirectos.  Refere-se a construção, na Universidade de Luanda, de urna célula de rigidez destinada a   padronizar de futuro as determinações desta natureza e analisam-se os resultados experimentais segundo os conceitos teóricos da rotura frágil.
Módulo de elasticidade de uma rocha obtido a partir dos módulos de elasticidade dos seus minerais
Authors: Rodrigues F. Peres
Published: October 2022

Mostra-se neste trabalho, baseado em dois exemplos, a boa concordância existente entre o valor do módulo de elasticidade de uma rocha, obtido directamente, e o dado pela média harmónica ponderada dos módulos de elasticidade dos minerais que a constituem, tendo como pesos as suas percentagens.
In vitro: Anti-coccidia activity ofCalotropis proceraleaf extract onEimeria papillataoocysts sporulation and sporozoite
Authors: Murshed Mutee , Al-Quraishy Saleh , Qasem Mahmood A.
Published: October 2022

Natural products play an important role as environmentally friendly agents that can be used against parasitic diseases. ManyEimeriaspecies cause eimeriosis in poultry. The negative effects of synthetic anti-coccidiosis medications necessitate the quest for alternative treatments derived from medicinal plants in the treatment of eimeriosis. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects ofCalotropis proceraleaf extract (CPLE) (Madar) on the sporulation ofEimeriaoocysts and sporozoites that affect mammalian jejunum and to obtain the best concentration for sporulation inhibition and infection prevention. Extracts were testedin vitroto prevent oocyst sporulation, wall deformity, and anti-sporozoite activity withEimeria papillata. The plant-chemical compounds analysis of CPLE some active compounds were shown as well as CPLEin vitroeffects at various concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25,12.5, and 6.25 mg/mL), while potassium dichromate solution 2.5% and Toltrazuril 25 mg/mL were administered as the control groups.C. proceraleaf extract showed the highest inhibitory percentage onE. papillataoocyst at 200 mg/mL of extract, approximately 91%. In addition, CPLE showed the sporozoite highest viability inhibitory percentage onE. papillataat 200 mg/mL of extract, approximately 88%, and the lowest efficacy was 5% at 6.25 mg/mL. Also, we noticed the deformation and destruction of the oocyst wall based on the concentration rate. Sporulation inhibition rate is significantly affected by incubation time and treatment concentration ratio. The results showed that Madar has an effective, inhibitory potential, and protective effect on coccidian oocyst sporulation and sporozoites ofE. papillata.
The Dragon on the Path and the Emerald of Love: A Nietzschean reading of Rūmī’s concept of love
Authors: Arani Hamidreza Mahboobi
Published: October 2022

Facing suffering and death, or what is known as human fragility, does not seem all that difficult and challenging in the presence of a morally responsible God or the primordial source of all existence. However, if our theodicy does not allow for the existence of such a God or primordial source, as in Ashʿarite theology or Schopenhauer’s philosophy, then the encounter with human fragility necessitates a more sophisticated explanation. Schopenhauer, by rejecting the loving Christian God, adopts the Buddhist solution to death which, he claims, has been maintained in Sufism. While recognizing Schopenhauer’s metaphysics, Nietzsche disagrees with his moral approach and attempts to address human vulnerability from an aesthetic standpoint. In this article, I argue that Rūmī, following Ashʿarite theodicy, attempts to transcend the moral position of theologians with his concept of love and, instead of appealing to the dominant asceticism of fear and terror, confronts human fragility through the framework of his mysticism of love. The article then makes an effort to provide a reasonable interpretation of this mysticism in light of Nietzsche’s aesthetic metaphysics.
Evaluating the Performance of Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors for Measuring Static Contact Stress
Authors: Kootahi Karim , Leung Anthony Kwan
Published: October 2022

In geotechnical engineering applications, flexible piezoresistive sensors (also known as tactile pressure sensors) have been commonly used to measure soil contact stress at solid boundaries. However, studies have rarely discussed the performance of this kind of sensor against various calibration methods in granular soils. This study reviewed and evaluated various calibration methods about the application of puck and methods of sensor conditioning. The performance of a point-type piezoresistive sensor installed in an oedometer cell to measure static stresses was assessed through several sensor performance measures, including repeatability, short- and long-term drifts, hysteresis, and accuracy. The effects of soil particle size, soil density, and puck material (hence stiffness) on these measures were also investigated. Results show that the puck application improved the sensor’s short- and long-term drifts and eliminated the stress dependency of the drift, whereas conditioning before every use improved the sensor’s repeatability. Moreover, the data analysis showed that it is important to use the same material that will be used in the testing phase to perform calibration to improve the measurement accuracy. A new term, puck-soil stiffness ratio, is proposed to explain the effects of puck thickness and stiffness on the sensor response because of arching and stress concentrations developed in soil. Reducing soil particle size (D50), with respect to the sensor diameter (Dsens), significantly improved repeatability and drift errors. At a high Dsens/D50 ratio, the sensor performance was independent of soil density.
Structural Behavior Prediction Model for Asphalt Pavements: A Deep Neural Network Approach
Authors: Haridas Aswani K. , Peraka Naga Siva Pavani , Biligiri Krishna Prapoorna
Published: October 2022

Structural behavior of pavements is assessed using various destructive and nondestructive tests, albeit they are found to be cost-intensive. There is a need to develop cost-effective structural condition evaluation methods that are scientifically sound so appropriate maintenance interventions can be performed at the right time. The objective of this research study was to develop a Deep Neural Network (DNN)–based approach to predict pavement structural condition using functional, traffic, and climatic characteristics. A DNN was developed to calculate the deflection bowl parameters along with peak surface deflections from roughness, traffic, pavement age, pavement temperature, and climatic conditions. Over 26,000 data points covering various geographic locations were used to establish a global model (R2 = 82 % for the test data) to evaluate the structural integrity of asphalt pavement layers. It is envisioned that this study would assist roadway agencies in assessing the overall condition of asphalt pavements synergizing functional and structural characteristics.
Effects of Returning Straw to Field on Soil Particle Size and Corn Yield in a Smart City
Authors: Zhao Chunkai , Wang Huaze , Zhang Chong , Li Mingsen
Published: October 2022

In view of the influence of straw returning interval time on soil particle size and corn yield, in order to determine the interval time of straw returning to the field, a study on the influence of straw returning to the field on soil particle size and corn yield was put forward. The experiment of straw returning to the field every other year, straw returning to the field continuously, and straw returning to the field continuously with nitrogen fertilizer was made. The results showed that although there was a trend of increasing corn yield and 100 grain weight in the year of straw returning, the difference was not significant; in the fifth year of straw returning, the effect of increasing corn yield and 100 grain weight was obvious, the increase range of corn yield was 3.07∼11.69 %, the increase of 100 grain weight was 1.41∼5.20 %, the effect of continuous returning and returning every other year on yield and 100 grain weight was not significant, but increasing nitrogen had a significant increase. The yield and 100 grain weight increased by 5.51 % and 3.65 %, respectively. The continuous return of straw to the field, the return of straw to the field every other year, and the increase of nitrogen had no effect on the seed yield of maize.
Comparing Rheological Indexes to Optimize Rejuvenator Dosage for Asphalt Binders Containing High Ratios of Recycled Asphalt
Authors: Liao Hui , Tavassoti Pejoohan , Baaj Hassan
Published: October 2022

Determining the optimum dosage of a rejuvenator is essential to fulfilling its restoration mission on aged bitumen. Inadequate rejuvenator dosage will lead to insufficient rheological property restoration, whereas excessive rejuvenator content will oversoften the binder blend, leading to impaired rutting resistance. Two different methods, namely, blending chart and response surface modeling, are used in this study to optimize the rejuvenator dosage of binder blends with a high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binder ratio. Recycled binder blends were prepared using 25 %, 50 %, and 75 % recovered RAP binder and the corresponding virgin binder proportions, with added rejuvenator contents ranging from 0 to 10 % by weight of the binder blend. Rheological tests were performed under a wide temperature range to obtain different indexes as optimization criteria. Indexes include rotational viscosity at binder mixing and compaction temperatures, critical performance grading (PG) temperatures, nonrecoverable compliance, and crossover temperature. The results indicate that indexes obtained at a higher-temperature range required more rejuvenator content to restore the properties of the recycled binder blend to reach a target value. Some indexes only reflected the decrease in stiffness without revealing the changes in the viscous behavior and relaxation capacity. In addition, the selection of optimization criteria should consider the dominant distress type for the specific region. The difference in rejuvenator dosage determined by the blending chart and response surface modeling methods was found to be marginal.
Transcriptional Profile of the Developing Subthalamic Nucleus
Authors: Bokulić Ema , Medenica Tila , Sedmak Goran
Published: October 2022

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small, excitatory nucleus that regulates the output of basal ganglia motor circuits. The functions of the STN and its role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease are now well established. However, some basic characteristics like the developmental origin and molecular phenotype of neuronal subpopulations are still being debated. The classical model of forebrain development attributed the origin of STN within the diencephalon. Recent studies of gene expression patterns exposed shortcomings of the classical model. To accommodate these findings, the prosomeric model was developed. In this concept, STN develops within the hypothalamic primordium, which is no longer a part of the diencephalic primordium. This concept is further supported by the expression patterns of many transcription factors. It is interesting to note that many transcription factors involved in the development of the STN are also involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, the study of neurodevelopmental disorders could provide us with valuable information on the roles of these transcription factors in the development and maintenance of STN phenotype. In this review, we summarize historical theories about the developmental origin of the STN and interpret the gene expression data within the prosomeric conceptual framework. Finally, we discuss the importance of neurodevelopmental disorders for the development of the STN and its potential role in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Selected Codification Challenges in Polish Family Law
Authors: Załucki Mariusz
Published: October 2022

Polish family law is undergoing change. For some time now, there have been various initiatives for its possible revision. However, social needs are ahead of legislators’ actions. Today there are a number of legislative challenges facing the Polish legislator in the context of the metamorphosis of Polish family law. The author presents selected problems connected with it and answers the question concerning the desirable way of further work on the metamorphosis of the present regulation of Polish family law. The author also presents issues that cannot be ignored in the context of preparing possible draft amendments to the current legislation. He highlights the role of the Commission on European Family Law and proposes that the starting point for the further metamorphosis of Polish family law would be the establishment of such a body in Poland based on the model of the Commission for the Codification of Family and Guardianship Law, whose work should be transparent and widely available.
Refusal to Transcribe a Foreign Civil Status Document Due to Contradiction to the Fundamental Principles of the Polish Legal Order
Authors: Jagoda Joanna
Published: October 2022

The study presents legal regulations and jurisprudence concerning the transfer of the content (transcription) of foreign civil status documents in the event that same-sex persons are indicated in the marriage certificate (as spouses) or in the birth certificate (as parents). In recent years, refusal to transcribe this type of civil status records has increasingly become the subject of decisions of administrative courts. The refusal to transcribe a foreign document due to its inconsistency with the fundamental principles of the Polish legal order remains a contentious issue. The assessment of the admissibility of the transcription of the certificate of marriage contracted between persons of the same sex is closely related to the admissibility of registration of such relationships in a given state. In Polish legislation, the only form of recognition of the relationship of two people between whom there is an emotional, physical and economic bond is marriage. The marriage certificate is the only proof of entering into a legal relationship recognized in Poland. Therefore, it is not possible to transcribe the certificate of marriage contracted abroad between persons of the same sex. With regard to birth certificates in which persons of the same sex are indicated as parents, it is first of all necessary to secure the rights of the child as a Polish citizen to obtain a Polish identity document or passport. Obtaining these documents can under no circumstances be made conditional on the transcription of a foreign birth certificate.
Management of a Child’s Shares in a Limited Liability Company
Authors: Suliński Grzegorz
Published: October 2022

A minor may possess property. The management of such property takes place under the regime of the Family and Guardianship Code (krio), which subjects the management activities exceeding the scope of ordinary management to the control of the guardianship court. Due to the development of the market economy, in many cases shares in the share capital of a limited liability company become the child’s property. Actions within the scope of exercising the child’s shareholding rights in a limited liability company require the prior consent of the guardianship court. Such a solution does not provide adequate protection of the child’s property, because the guardianship court does not have instruments allowing it to actually monitor the economic legitimacy of the actions taken. It also does not meet the requirements of the modern company transactions, which, in consequence, may lead to violation of the child’s financial interest. There is a need, therefore, to consider the possibility of changing the current model of managing the child’s shares in a limited liability company. It seems that the change could be aimed at entrusting the management of shares to a person who has knowledge and skills in terms of functioning of commercial companies and is monitored by the guardianship court, which would periodically evaluate the economic effectiveness of the management actions taken by that person.
Family Income Taxation Models in the Italian Legal System: Analysis and Perspectives
Authors: Parente Salvatore Antonello
Published: October 2022

In the regime of sources of Italian law, the taxation of family income has undergone profound changes, in line with the 1975 family law reform, which marked the transition from the patriarchal family, based on the figure of the pater familias, to the nuclear family, composed of spouses and children. Also thanks to the intervention of the Constitutional Court, the model of legal cumulation, in which the husband, in his role as head of the family, was taxed on the income produced by the members of the household, was followed by the system of decumulation, characterized by individual (or separate) taxation of the income produced by each family member. The essay analyses the taxation regime of family income in the Italian legal system, examining its compatibility with the principle of ability to pay, foundation and limit of taxation.
Commentary to the Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of 16 September 2021 in the Case of X v. Poland (appl. no. 20741/10)
Authors: Gronowska Bożena
Published: October 2022

At first sight, the commented judgment raises serious dilemmas regarding the basic attitudes of some parts of the Polish society towards a traditional model of marriage and of family relations in confrontation with same-sex emotional bonds. The complicated factual picture of the case comprises both the adult family members and, even more importantly, the minors who are facing the break-up of their family. The European Court of Human Rights tried to properly connect and find a fair balance of all the colliding interests, with necessary exposition of the rights of the youngest child involved in this difficult situation. Dealing with the case the European Court of Human Rights obviously was under the influence of its margin of appreciation doctrine, which is traditionally very important in cases with so-called ‘moral’ content. While approving the final verdict the present commentary confronts mainly the divergent opinion to the judgment, written by the Polish judge, who – as the only one – took a different view to the other members of the Chamber.
Victims of Cyber Crimes in Indonesia: A Criminology and Victimology Perspective
Authors: Arwana Yudha Chandra
Published: October 2022

Crimes that occur in cyberspace are born as a result of the negative impact of technological developments, crimes that occur in various forms and types have consequences for the legal protection of users, this is important considering that every human being must be protected in accordance with his dignity as a human being. One form of state responsibility for the protection of its citizens is to provide legal guarantees and concrete actions that protect the community from all forms of crime or other deviant acts that may be experienced by the community, both in the real world and in cyberspace. Crimes that occur in cyberspace or commonly referred to as cybercrime. This study is aims to analyze and examine the victims of cyber crime in the perspective of criminology and victimology. Criminology approach used to answer the motive, factors, and response of the crime, and victimology approach to understand more comprehensively concerning to the victim’s protection and the role of the victims in the cybercrime.
Movie Review “The Firm (1993)”, Director: Sydney Pollack, Written by: David Rabe, Robert Towne, David Rayfiel, Daniel Pyne. Production: Paramount Pictures
Authors: Ahmadi Ahmadi
Published: October 2022

The Firm is a 1993 American legal thriller film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Tom Cruise, Jeanne Tripplehorn, Gene Hackman, Ed Harris, Holly Hunter, Hal Holbrook, and David Strathairn. The film is based on the 1991 novel The Firm by author John Grisham. A young lawyer joins a small but prestigious law firm only to find out that most of their clients are on the wrong side of the law. The company is helping to launder mob money, get clients off charges and even murder partners who threaten to blow their cover, but when the FBI come calling to gather evidence on the lawyer's colleagues, he is caught between a rock and a hard place, juggling his life and his liberty.
Assessment of physicochemical characteristics of biofertilizers and their role in the rooting capacity of plants
Authors: Karapetyan Astghik
Published: October 2022

The concentration of supplied mineral nutrients is one of the most important and limiting factors for enhancing the efficiency of plant nutrition. Optimal concentration of nutrient solutions (NS) provide plants with the necessary amount of nutrients. From this point of view, research on several physicochemical parameters that characterize concentrations of NS and uptake of nutrients by the plants remains an actual problem. The changes of electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) depending on the concentration of biofertilizer as well as the role of biofertilizer solutions on the rooting capacity of cuttings (lateral sprouts) of Callisia fragrans are presented here. The EC and TDS of the biofertilizer-water mixture changed gradually according to the biofertilizer concentration. The biofertilizer solution was a good medium for the rooting of C. fragrans cuttings. The results could help to provide the crops with the necessary amount of mineral nutrients and regulate the suitability of irrigation during the entire vegetation period.