bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Metal−Organic Frameworks as Targeted Vehicles to Enhance Osteogenesis
Authors: Liang Na , Ren Na , Feng Zhichao , Sun Zhaoyang , Dong Mengwei , Wang Wenhan , Liu Feng , Sun Chunhui , Zhou Weijia , Xing Zhiqing , Wang Jingang , Liu Chao , Liu Hong
Published: February 2022

Although engineered nanoparticles loaded with specific growth factors are used to regulate differentiation of stem cells, the low loading efficiency and biocompatibility are still great challenges in tissue repair. A nature‐inspired biomimetic delivery system with targeted functions is attractive for enhancing cell activity and controlling cell fate. Herein, a stem cell membrane (SCM)‐wrapped dexamethasone (DEX)‐loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) is constructed, which integrates the synthetic nanomaterials with native plasma membrane, to achieve efficient DEX delivery and DEX‐mediated bone repair. The DEX@ZIF‐8‐SCM enables high DEX loading capacity, modulates the sustained release, and facilitates the specific uptake of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), owing to the porous property of ZIF‐8 and the innate targeting capability of SCM. The endocytosed DEX@ZIF‐8‐SCM shows high cytocompatibility and greatly enhances the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Furthermore, RNA‐sequencing data reveal that the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)‐Akt signaling pathways are activated and dominantly involved in the accelerated osteogenesis. In the bone defect model, the administrated DEX@ZIF‐8‐SCM exerts excellent biocompatibility and effectively promotes bone regeneration. Overall, the SCM‐derived biomimetic nanoplatform achieves targeted delivery, excellent biosafety, and enhanced osteogenic differentiation and bone repair, which provides a new and valid strategy for treating various tissue injuries.
Emergence of Responsive Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Probes for Imaging Tumor‐Associated Metabolites
Authors: Yin Hang , Jin Ziyi , Duan Wenjia , Han Bing , Han Limei , Li Cong
Published: February 2022

As a core hallmark of cancer, metabolic reprogramming alters the metabolic networks of cancer cells to meet their insatiable appetite for energy and nutrient. Tumor‐associated metabolites, the products of metabolic reprogramming, are valuable in evaluating tumor occurrence and progress timely and accurately because their concentration variations usually happen earlier than the aberrances demonstrated in tissue structure and function. As an optical spectroscopic technique, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers advantages in imaging tumor‐associated metabolites, including ultrahigh sensitivity, high specificity, multiplexing capacity, and uncompromised signal intensity. This review first highlights recent advances in the development of stimuli‐responsive SERS probes. Then the mechanisms leading to the responsive SERS signal triggered by tumor metabolites are summarized. Furthermore, biomedical applications of these responsive SERS probes, such as the image‐guided tumor surgery and liquid biopsy examination for tumor molecular typing, are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the responsive SERS probes for clinical translation are also discussed.
Functionalized Mn3O4 Nanosheets with Photothermal, Photodynamic, and Oxidase‐Like Activities Triggered by Low‐Powered Near‐Infrared Light for Synergetic Combating Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Infections
Authors: Zhang Xinwen , Min Yuanhong , Zhang Qi , Wu Shiyue , Fu Wensheng , Wu Jiangling , Li Ming , Wang Yi , Zhang Pu
Published: February 2022

Multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacterial infections have become a major danger to public health. Synergetic therapy through multiple approaches is more powerful than the respective one alone, but has been rarely achieved in defeating MDR bacterial infections so far. Herein, indocyanine green‐functionalized Mn3O4 nanosheets are engineered as an efficient and safe antibacterial agent with photothermal, photodynamic, and oxidase‐like activities, which display powerful ability in treating MDR bacterial infections. Therein, photothermal and photodynamic activities can be triggered by a single low‐powered near‐infrared laser (808 nm, 0.33 W cm−2), resulting in the generation of localized hyperthermia (photothermal conversion efficiency, 67.5%) and singlet oxygen. Meanwhile, oxidase‐like activity of this material further leads to the generation of hydroxyl radical as well as superoxide radical. Sheet‐like structure with rough surfaces make them tends to adhere on bacterial surface and thus damage membrane system as well as influence bacterial metabolism. As a result, Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria can both be eradicated. Animal experiments further indicate that the functionalized Mn3O4 nanosheets can effectively treat methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐infected wounds through the triple synergetic therapy. Moreover, toxicity evaluation in vitro and in vivo has proved the superior biosafety of this material, which is promising to apply in clinical anti‐infective therapy.
Modulating Electron Transfer in Vanadium‐Based Artificial Enzymes for Enhanced ROS‐Catalysis and Disinfection
Authors: Li Ling , Cao Sujiao , Wu Zihe , Guo Ruiqian , Xie Lan , Wang Liyun , Tang Yuanjiao , Li Qi , Luo Xianglin , Ma Lang , Cheng Chong , Qiu Li
Published: February 2022

Nanomaterials‐based artificial enzymes (AEs) have flourished for more than a decade. However, it is still challenging to further enhance their biocatalytic performances due to the limited strategies to tune the electronic structures of active centers. Here, a new path is reported for the de novo design of the d electrons of active centers by modulating the electron transfer in vanadium‐based AEs (VOx‐AE) via a unique Zn–O–V bridge for efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐catalysis. Benefiting from the electron transfer from Zn to V, the V site in VOx‐AE exhibits a lower valence state than that in V2O5, which results in charge‐filled V‐dyz orbital near the Fermi level to interfere with the formation of sigma bonds between the V‐ and O‐pz orbitals in H2O2. The VOx‐AE exhibits a twofold Vmax and threefold turnover number than V2O5 when catalyzing H2O2. Meanwhile, the VOx‐AE shows enhanced catalytic eradication of drug‐resistant bacteria and achieves comparable wound‐treatment indexes to vancomycin. This modulating charge‐filling of d electrons provides a new direction for the de novo design of nanomaterials‐based AEs and deepens the understanding of ROS‐catalysis.
Large‐Area and Efficient Sky‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes via Blade‐Coating
Authors: Chu Shenglong , Zhang Yihan , Xiao Peng , Chen Wenjing , Tang Rongfeng , Shao Yi , Chen Tao , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Liu Fengguang , Xiao Zhengguo
Published: February 2022

Large‐area fabrication of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) through mass‐production techniques has attracted growing attention due to their potential applications in lighting. Several breakthroughs are made for red/infrared and green emissions. Nevertheless, large‐area blue/sky‐blue PeLEDs, a requisite color for lighting, have not yet been reported. Here, efficient and large‐area sky‐blue PeLEDs are fabricated through blade‐coating supersaturated precursors. The volume ratio of dimethyl sulfoxide to dimethylformamide is tuned to obtain a supersaturated CsPb(Br0.84Cl0.16)3 solution. Blade‐coating this supersaturated precursor results in nucleation in the solution phase with much higher nucleation sites, and a faster crystallization rate. The uniform films formed by this approach exhibit smaller grain size, lower trap density, and higher radiative recombination rate. The peak external quantum efficiency of the blade‐coated PeLEDs reaches 10.3% with sky‐blue emission (489 nm). Benefitting from the robustness of this blade‐coating technique, large‐area sky‐blue PeLEDs with a device area of 28 cm2 are also achieved with uniform emission. This work represents a significant step forward toward flat‐panel lighting and full‐color display for the PeLEDs.
Fabrication of Flexible Mesoporous Black Nb2O5 Nanofiber Films for Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction into CH4
Authors: Lin Xi , Xia Shuhui , Zhang Liang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sun Songmei , Chen Yuehui , Chen Shuo , Ding Bin , Yu Jianyong , Yan Jianhua
Published: February 2022

Achieving high selectivity and conversion efficiency simultaneously is a challenge for visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction into CH4. Here, a facile nanofiber synthesis method and a new defect control strategy at room‐temperature are reported for the fabrication of flexible mesoporous black Nb2O5 nanofiber catalysts that contain abundant oxygen‐vacancies and unsaturated Nb dual‐sites, which are efficient towards photocatalytic production of CH4. The oxygen‐vacancy decreases the bandgap width of Nb2O5 from 3.01–2.25 eV, which broadens the light‐absorption range from ultraviolet to visible‐light, and the dual sites in the mesopores can easily adsorb CO2, so that the intermediate product of CO* can be spontaneously changed into *CHO. The formation of a highly stable NbCHO* intermediate at the dual sites is proposed to be the key feature determining selectivity. The preliminary results show that without using sacrificial agents and photosensitizers, the nanofiber catalyst achieves 64.8% selectivity for CH4 production with a high evolution rate of 19.5 µmol g−1 h−1 under visible‐light. Furthermore, the flexible catalyst film can be directly used in devices, showing appealing and broadly commercial applications.
Van der Waals MoS2/PdSe2 Heterostructures Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition for Broadband and Polarized Photodetection
Authors: Gao Honglei , Du Changhui , Chen Lijun , Wang Wenjia , Li Kuilong
Published: February 2022

Recently, group‐X transition metal dichalcogenides with tunable distinct optical and superior electrical properties have displayed profound potential in various optoelectronic devices. In this work, novel van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures composed of monolayer MoS2 and few‐layer PdSe2 grown by chemical vapor deposition are employed in photodetectors for broadband and polarized photodetection. Excitingly, optoelectronic measurements show that the MoS2/PdSe2 photodetector is sensitive to near‐infrared light with responsivity as high as 6.9 A W−1, specific detectivity up to 6.3 × 1010 Jones, and a rapid response speed of 0.378/0.708 s at 830 nm. This is mainly attributed to the enhanced light absorption and the type‐II band alignment of the heterostructure. Under illumination, not only the intralayer excitations but also the interlayer excitations contribute to the carrier's generation in relevant layers, which enables the broadband photoresponse. In addition, this photodetector also exhibits a good polarization sensitivity with dichroic ratio about 1.34. All these results demonstrate that the MoS2/PdSe2 vdWs heterostructures are suitable for the realization of next‐generation high‐performance broad and polarized photodetectors.
Interparticle Interaction Matters: Charge Carrier Dynamics in Hybrid Semiconductor–Metal Cryoaerogels
Authors: Schlosser Anja , Schlenkrich Jakob , Zámbó Dániel , Rosebrock Marina , Graf Rebecca T. , Escobar Cano Giamper , Bigall Nadja C.
Published: February 2022

Integration of noble metals into semiconductor‐based nanoparticle gel structures facilitates the extraction of photoexcited charge carriers upon illumination. While charge carrier generation takes place in the semiconductor component, noble metals in contact to the semiconductor act as electron sinks. Thus, the nature of the interface between the components is of essential importance, as it dictates the characteristics of the interparticle contact. Here, the influence of the nanoscale building block design on the charge carrier dynamics in cryoaerogels consisting of CdSe/CdS nanorods and nanoplatelets as well as of gold or platinum is reported. It is shown that direct growth of noble metal domains onto the semiconductor prior to the gelation significantly facilitates charge carrier separation in their cryoaerogel structures compared to gels from the colloidal mixtures of semiconductor and noble metal nanoparticles, the latter ones having less defined metal/semiconductor boundaries and much more arbitrary component distributions. Although the structure of the different cryoaerogel systems is similar at the micro‐ and macroscale, nanoscale differences caused by the two synthetic routes drive essentially different behavior regarding the charge carrier dynamics efficiency. These effects are observed spectroelectrochemically via intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopy emphasizing the importance of the semiconductor–metal connection in the hybrid structures.
Ti3C2Tx MXene‐RAN van der Waals Heterostructure‐Based Flexible Transparent NIR Photodetector Array for 1024 Pixel Image Sensing Application
Authors: Hu Chuqiao , Chen Hao , Li La , Huang Hui , Shen Guozhen
Published: February 2022

The enriched surface functional group such as OH termination and unique 2D structure of Ti3C2Tx MXene provide the feasibility to form hydrogen bonds with organic photosensitive materials as van der Waals heterostructures, thus can realize the improved photoresponsivity of near infrared (NIR) photodetectors (PDs). In this work, an organic–inorganic van der Waals heterostructure‐based NIR PD array is designed using Ti3C2Tx MXene as conductive electrodes and RAN film as active materials (Ti3C2Tx‐RAN PDs). The on‐off ratio of the fabricated devices shows 6.25 times higher than that of PDs using thermal evaporated Au electrode (Au‐RAN PDs) under 1064 nm laser excitations. The fabricated Ti3C2Tx‐RAN NIR PDs also possess outstanding mechanical stability with no obvious photoresponse degradation under different bending states and high transparency with a transmittance above 70% in the visible region. Owing to the high performance of the Ti3C2Tx‐RAN PDs, a 1024‐pixel (32 × 32) image sensor array is fabricated to achieve delicate, vivid, and higher resolution imaging of a “deer,” opening up a new avenue for the biomimetic vision and flexible wearable accurate image sensing.
3D Printed Spring‐Type Electronics with Liquid Metals for Highly Stretchable Conductors and Inductive Strain/Pressure Sensors
Authors: Okutani Chihiro , Yokota Tomoyuki , Miyazako Hiroki , Someya Takao
Published: February 2022

The spring structure is stretchable and resilient, enabling electronic devices to be highly stretchable and durable. However, spring objects composed of only soft materials cannot be maintained without a supporting rod inside the coil owing to self‐weight deformation. Therefore, a design strategy should be investigated. In this study, self‐maintaining spring structures with soft materials are designed using physical simulations and soft spring‐type electronic devices (a stretchable conductor, strain sensor, and pressure sensor) with little hysteresis are developed. The spring‐type electronic devices consist of a core–sheath structure, which is a core channel filled with liquid metal and a 3D‐printed elastomeric sheath. The spring‐type conductor can be stretched with a small force (1.25 N) and has a negligible resistance change for up to 400% strain and ≈5.5% resistance increase at 640% strain. Moreover, the inductance induced by the coil structure monotonically decreases in the range of 200% stretching. The device also has high durability with little change in the electrical characteristics during 1000 cycles of 100% stretching. Furthermore, an inductive pressure sensor can measure <250 Pa (50 mN) by compressing the spring. Spring‐type electronic devices composed of soft materials contribute to highly durable and stretchable sensors for robotic applications.
A Miniaturized Imaging Window to Quantify Intravital Tissue Regeneration within a 3D Microscaffold in Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Conci Claudio , Jacchetti Emanuela , Sironi Laura , Gentili Lorenzo , Cerullo Giulio , Osellame Roberto , Chirico Giuseppe , Raimondi Manuela Teresa
Published: February 2022

The biocompatibility assessment of biomaterials or the dynamic response of implanted constructs entails inflammatory events primary reflected in cell behavior at the microcirculatory system. Current protocols are based on histopathology which are over 40 years old and require the sacrifice of a huge number of laboratory animal with an unsustainable ethical burden of animal research. Intravital microscopy techniques are actually used to study implantation outcomes in real time. However, no device providing a specific tracking geometry to reposition the field of view of the microscope, for repeated analyses, exists yet. The synthetic photoresist SZ2080 is characterized here, allowing the development and in vivo validation of a miniaturized imaging window, the Microatlas, that, fabricated via two‐photon polymerization, is implanted in living chicken embryos and imaged by fluorescence microscopy 3 and 4 days after the implant. The characterization of their elastomechanical and fluorescence properties highlights planar raster spacing as the most important parameter in tuning the mechanical and spectroscopic features of the structures. The quantification of cell infiltration inside the Microatlas demonstrates its potential as novel scaffold for tissue regeneration and as beacon for 3D repositioning of the microscope field of view and correction of optical aberrations.
2D Van der Waals Rare Earth Material Based Ratiometric Luminescence Thermography Integrated on Micro–Nano Devices Vertically
Authors: Chen Ping , Xu Xiang , Li Dongyan , Li Zexin , Wang Haoyun , Pi Lejing , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou
Published: February 2022

Remote and real‐time thermography integrated on micro–nano devices vertically can promote the integration while estimating their operation, which is hitherto challenging. Here, the ratiometric luminescence thermography integrated on micro–nano devices vertically based on 2D van der Waals (vdW) rare earth (RE) material ErOCl is demonstrated. Ratiometric luminescence intensity varies linearly with temperature deriving from the thermal activation between two thermally coupled levels. Typically, this ratiometric micro–nano thermometer has a wide sensing range (300–700 K), high relative sensitivity (2.2% K−1 at 300 K), and high repeatability. With layered structure and insulated properties, 2D ErOCl can be easily integrated on the target chips vertically without dangling bonds so that a high‐density integration can be easily realized. Therefore, 2D ErOCl is employed for thermography of a designed micro–nano device, showing real‐time, high‐resolution temperature distribution of single device even at electrodes with different morphologies. The feasibility of this temperature sensor is further proved by COMSOL simulation. This novel approach, 2D vdW RE based ratiometric luminescence thermography, provides an excellent platform to the development of high performance eletronics with higher integration.
3D Printed Personalized Nerve Guide Conduits for Precision Repair of Peripheral Nerve Defects
Authors: Liu Kai , Yan Lesan , Li Ruotao , Song Zhiming , Ding Jianxun , Liu Bin , Chen Xuesi
Published: February 2022

The treatment of peripheral nerve defects has always been one of the most challenging clinical practices in neurosurgery. Currently, nerve autograft is the preferred treatment modality for peripheral nerve defects, while the therapy is constantly plagued by the limited donor, loss of donor function, formation of neuroma, nerve distortion or dislocation, and nerve diameter mismatch. To address these clinical issues, the emerged nerve guide conduits (NGCs) are expected to offer effective platforms to repair peripheral nerve defects, especially those with large or complex topological structures. Up to now, numerous technologies are developed for preparing diverse NGCs, such as solvent casting, gas foaming, phase separation, freeze‐drying, melt molding, electrospinning, and three‐dimensional (3D) printing. 3D printing shows great potential and advantages because it can quickly and accurately manufacture the required NGCs from various natural and synthetic materials. This review introduces the application of personalized 3D printed NGCs for the precision repair of peripheral nerve defects and predicts their future directions.
Oxygen Redox Versus Oxygen Evolution in Aqueous Electrolytes: Critical Influence of Transition Metals
Authors: Umeno Hirohito , Kawai Kosuke , Asakura Daisuke , Okubo Masashi , Yamada Atsuo
Published: February 2022

Aqueous lithium‐ion batteries are promising electrochemical energy storage devices owing to their sustainable nature, low cost, high level of safety, and environmental benignity. The recent development of a high‐salt‐concentration strategy for aqueous electrolytes, which significantly expands their electrochemical potential window, has created attractive opportunities to explore high‐performance electrode materials for aqueous lithium‐ion batteries. This study evaluates the compatibility of large‐capacity oxygen‐redox cathodes with hydrate‐melt electrolytes. Using conventional oxygen‐redox cathode materials (Li2RuO3, Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2, and Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2), it is determined that avoiding the use of transition metals with high catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction is the key to ensuring the stable progress of the oxygen redox reaction in concentrated aqueous electrolytes.
Electronic Structure and Epitaxy of CdTe Shells on InSb Nanowires
Authors: Badawy Ghada , Zhang Bomin , Rauch Tomáš , Momand Jamo , Koelling Sebastian , Jung Jason , Gazibegovic Sasa , Moutanabbir Oussama , Kooi Bart J. , Botti Silvana , Verheijen Marcel A. , Frolov Sergey M. , Bakkers Erik P. A. M.
Published: February 2022

Indium antimonide (InSb) nanowires are used as building blocks for quantum devices because of their unique properties, that is, strong spin‐orbit interaction and large Landé g‐factor. Integrating InSb nanowires with other materials could potentially unfold novel devices with distinctive functionality. A prominent example is the combination of InSb nanowires with superconductors for the emerging topological particles research. Here, the combination of the II–VI cadmium telluride (CdTe) with the III–V InSb in the form of core–shell (InSb–CdTe) nanowires is investigated and potential applications based on the electronic structure of the InSb–CdTe interface and the epitaxy of CdTe on the InSb nanowires are explored. The electronic structure of the InSb–CdTe interface using density functional theory is determined and a type‐I band alignment is extracted with a small conduction band offset ( ⩽0.3 eV). These results indicate the potential application of these shells for surface passivation or as tunnel barriers in combination with superconductors. In terms of structural quality, it is demonstrated that the lattice‐matched CdTe can be grown epitaxially on the InSb nanowires without interfacial strain or defects. These shells do not introduce disorder to the InSb nanowires as indicated by the comparable field‐effect mobility measured for both uncapped and CdTe‐capped nanowires.
Bioceramic Scaffolds with Antioxidative Functions for ROS Scavenging and Osteochondral Regeneration
Authors: Deng Cuijun , Zhou Quan , Zhang Meng , Li Tian , Chen Haotian , Xu Chang , Feng Qishuai , Wang Xin , Yin Feng , Cheng Yu , Wu Chengtie
Published: February 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that involves excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osteochondral defects. Although multiple approaches have been developed for osteochondral regeneration, how to balance the biochemical and physical microenvironment in OA remains a big challenge. In this study, a bioceramic scaffold by 3D printed akermanite (AKT) integrated with hair‐derived antioxidative nanoparticles (HNPs)/microparticles (HMPs) for ROS scavenging and osteochondral regeneration has been developed. The prepared bioscaffold with multi‐mimetic enzyme effects, which can scavenge a broad spectrum of free radicals in OA, can protect chondrocytes under the ROS microenvironment. Importantly, the bioscaffold can distinctly stimulate the proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes due to the stimulation of the glucose transporter pathway (GLUT) via HNPs/HMPs. Furthermore, it significantly accelerated osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In vivo results showed that the bioscaffold can effectively enhance the osteochondral regeneration compared to the unmodified scaffold. The work shows that integration of antioxidant and mechanical properties via the bioscaffold is a promising strategy for osteochondral regeneration in OA treatment.
Thermally Stable Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Based on Asymmetric BTBT Derivatives for High Performance Solar‐Blind Photodetectors
Authors: Dong Yicai , Sun Yanan , Liu Jie , Shi Xiaosong , Li Haiyang , Zhang Jing , Li Chunlei , Yi Yuanping , Mo Song , Fan Lin , Jiang Lang
Published: February 2022

High‐performance solar‐blind photodetectors are widely studied due to their unique significance in military and industrial applications. Yet the rational molecular design for materials to possess strong absorption in solar‐blind region is rarely addressed. Here, an organic solar‐blind photodetector is reported by designing a novel asymmetric molecule integrated strong solar‐blind absorption with high charge transport property. Such alkyl substituted [1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]‐benzothiophene (BTBT) derivatives Cn‐BTBTN (n = 6, 8, and 10) can be easily assembled into 2D molecular crystals and perform high mobility up to 3.28 cm2 V−1s−1, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the non‐substituted core BTBTN. Cn‐BTBTNs also exhibit dramatically higher thermal stability than the symmetric alkyl substituted C8‐BTBT. Moreover, C10‐BTBTN films with the highest mobility and strongest solar‐blind absorption among the Cn‐BTBTNs are applied for solar‐blind photodetectors, which reveal record‐high photosensitivity and detectivity up to 1.60 × 107 and 7.70 × 1014 Jones. Photodetector arrays and flexible devices are also successfully fabricated. The design strategy can provide guidelines for developing materials featuring high thermal stability and stimulating such materials in solar‐blind photodetector application.
Room‐Temperature Non‐Local Spin Transport in Few‐Layer Black Phosphorus Passivated with MgO
Authors: Li Chexin , Xu Xiaoguang , Ma Yingli , Zhao Bing , Zhang Tanzhao , Wang Le , Wu Yong , Meng Kangkang , Chen Jikun , Jiang Yong
Published: February 2022

Black phosphorus (BP), a new member of 2D materials, is an ideal selection to construct spin‐based devices due to its tunable direct bandgap and high carrier mobility. Assembling van der Waals heterostructures is the most popular method to create spintronic devices for 2D materials, especially for the easily oxidized BP. However, it is too complicated to be realized for fabricating large‐scale integrated circuits in practical applications. To overcome this flaw, an oxide layer on BP simultaneously serving as the protection layer and barrier to fabricate a Co/MgO/BP‐based non‐local spin valve is employed. The non‐local spin signals demonstrate the diffusion of pure spin current in the BP channel, which is the direct evidence of the spin injection from Co into BP. Combining the Hanle precession measurements with the Bloch equation fitting, the spin transport parameters of the few‐layer BP can be extracted. The spin diffusion length λs and spin relaxation time τs are 6.15 µm and 241.7 ps, respectively. Therefore, the MgO layer in the non‐local spin valve can simplify the fabrication of 2D material‐based spintronic devices and accelerate their applications.
Defect Engineering for High Performance and Extremely Reliable a‐IGZO Thin‐Film Transistor in QD‐OLED
Authors: Park Young‐Gil , Cho Dong Yeon , Kim Ran , Kim Kang Hyun , Lee Ju Won , Lee Doo Hyoung , Jeong Soo Im , Ahn Na Ri , Lee Woo‐Geun , Choi Jae Beom , Kim Min Jung , Kim Donghyun , Jin Seunghee , Park Dong Geun , Kim Jungchun , Choi Saeyan , Bang Seain , Lee Jae Woo
Published: February 2022

An amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT), which exhibits the best electrical stability (PBTS ≤ 0.009 V), is implemented to create quantum‐dot organic light‐emitting diode product. Electrical stability has been explained through various mechanisms involving defects related to oxygen and hydrogen. The defects of a‐IGZO are identified and the parameters of the deposition process are utilized to obtain Vo+ and VZn− values of 1.7 × 1017 and 2.4 × 1018 spins cm−3, respectively, which are quantified using electron spin resonance for the first time. The defects of the gate insulator (GI) in the upper and lower parts of the a‐IGZO TFT and the oxygen and hydrogen inflow/diffusion generated during the process are also controlled. From well‐controlled a‐IGZO and GI, the defect density at the top‐channel interface and near‐interface of the a‐IGZO TFT is reduced by 85% and 70%, respectively. The defects in the bottom‐channel are also reduced by 83% and 75% for the interface and near‐interface, respectively. Electrical stability is secured by controlling Vo+ and VZn− and reducing sub‐gap trap density among interface defects that are not directly observed until now. In this paper, it is reported that the best a‐IGZO TFT performance is achieved through defect engineering.
Platinum(II)‐Acetylide Conjugated Polymer Containing Aza‐BODIPY Moieties for Panchromatic Photodetectors
Authors: Yu Bo , Deng Yongjing , Luo Zhongzhong , Wang Mengzhu , Zhuang Yanling , Chen Xi , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: February 2022

Broadband photodetectors have driven the development of optical communication, image sensing, and health monitoring technologies, yet confronting a challenge in acquiring high performance in the whole spectral range. Herein, a novel low‐bandgap platinum(II)‐acetylide conjugated polymer is designed and synthesized by introducing near‐infrared‐absorbing aza‐BODIPY moieties. Benefiting from the good solubility and extended conjugated systems, it can serve as the donor materials for photodetector. By blending with (6,6)‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester, organic bulk heterojunction photodetectors are successfully constructed, exhibiting a high detectivity over 1011 Jones in a broad band of 330–930 nm. Especially, the photodetector exhibits external quantum efficiency mostly beyond 15% in the NIR region. This work opens a new possibility for high‐performance organic broadband photodetector application.
Smart Bandage with Inductor‐Capacitor Resonant Tank Based Printed Wireless Pressure Sensor on Electrospun Poly‐L‐Lactide Nanofibers
Authors: Nikbakhtnasrabadi Fatemeh , Hosseini Ensieh S. , Dervin Saoirse , Shakthivel Dhayalan , Dahiya Ravinder
Published: February 2022

Easy to use multifunctional wearable devices, with no wires hanging around, are needed for real time health monitoring at user's comfort. Herein, an inductor‐capacitor (LC) resonant tank‐based wireless pressure sensor, screen‐printed on an electrospun Poly‐L‐lactide (PLLA) nanofibers‐based flexible, biocompatible, and piezoelectric substrate is presented. The printed resonant tank (resonant frequency of ≈13.56 MHz) consists of a planar inductor connected in parallel with an interdigitated capacitor. The capacitance, of the interdigitated capacitor present on the piezoelectric substrate varies in response to applied pressure. As a result, the resonant frequency changes and the LC tank works as a wireless pressure sensor. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity 0.035 kP−1 and 1200 Hz kPa−1 in wireless operation with excellent durability (over 1800 cycles). The sensitivity is the highest (1.75‐fold higher) among printed wireless pressure sensors reported so far. Finally, the presented LC tank‐based pressure sensor is integrated on a compression bandage to demonstrate its potential use in the online monitoring of sub‐bandage pressure. The application of optimum pressure by the bandage, together with the electroceutical arrangement facilitated by the piezoelectric PLLA substrate, can accelerate the cell regeneration and hence wound healing.
Operando Radiography and Multimodal Analysis of Lithium–Sulfur Pouch Cells—Electrolyte Dependent Morphology Evolution at the Cathode
Authors: Müller Rafael , Manke Ingo , Hilger André , Kardjilov Nikolay , Boenke Tom , Reuter Florian , Dörfler Susanne , Abendroth Thomas , Härtel Paul , Althues Holger , Kaskel Stefan , Risse Sebastian
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the technology readiness level of next‐generation lithium–sulfur (Li/S) batteries has shifted from coin cell to pouch cell dimensions. Promising optimizations of the electrodes, electrolytes, active materials, and additives lead to improved performance and cycling stability. However, new challenges arise with the pouch cell design and engineering (including electrode stacking and electrolyte filling), which influence the mechanistic processes of the cell. This study presents an unprecedented multimodal operando investigation of Li/S batteries on a pouch cell level and provides an inside view of material transformations during battery cycling, using X‐ray radiography, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and spatially resolved temperature monitoring. With the comparison of two different electrolytes, new experimental details about sulfur and lithium sulfide deposition and dissolution processes are revealed and related to electrolyte and temperature distribution. Operando impedance measurements on monolayer pouch cells yield a clear correlation of electrochemical and macroscopic radiographic observations. Understanding the monolayer cells’ behavior represents an optimal foundation for further studies on multilayer pouch cell prototypes and demonstrators with the developed operando setup. Herein the proof of principle for correlated measurement methods on pouch cell level is shown, and the experimental proof of concept for sulfur crystal suppression in sparingly solvating electrolyte is visualized.
Multi‐Parameter Optimized Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based Self‐Powered Sensor Network for Broadband Aeolian Vibration Online‐Monitoring of Transmission Lines
Authors: Wu Han , Wang Jiyu , Wu Zhiyi , Kang Shenglin , Wei Xuelian , Wang Hanqing , Luo Hao , Yang Lijun , Liao Ruijin , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: February 2022

Overhead transmission lines are vulnerable to aeolian vibrations that threaten the operation of the power grid. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based self‐powered system offers a desirable way for vibration online‐monitoring with potential for large‐scale deployment. In this work, a self‐powered sensor network constructed by active vibration sensor (AVS) units with a spring‐mass based TENG (S‐TENG) is reported for effective energy harvesting and broadband vibration sensing. The basic TENG with structural parameters is first discussed from the aspects of efficiency and response characteristics, then the spring constant and mass weight are also adjusted for S‐TENGs with different optimal operation regions, thus the overall vibration amplitude and frequency response are further enhanced by the mutual compensation of S‐TENGs with a weight allocation strategy. Furthermore, the S‐TENGs are combined with external circuits to compose the AVS units, which are deployed in a distributed manner on a simulated transmission line to demonstrate a self‐powered wireless warning system and an aeolian vibration mapping system, enabling abnormal vibration warnings and vibration distribution monitoring over the whole line. This work represents a novel strategy for utilizing TENG technology for transmission line aeolian vibration monitoring and provides valuable guidance for further sensor network construction and power grid visualization.
Interfacial Engineering Enhances the Electroactivity of Frame‐Like Concave RhCu Bimetallic Nanocubes for Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Ge Zi‐Xin , Wang Tian‐Jiao , Ding Yu , Yin Shi‐Bin , Li Fu‐Min , Chen Pei , Chen Yu
Published: February 2022

Ammonia is a crucial chemical in agriculture, industry, and emerging energy industries, so high‐efficient, energy‐saving, sustainable, and environmentally‐friendly NH3 synthesis strategies are highly desired. Here polyallylamine (PA) functionalized frame‐like concave RhCu bimetallic nanocubes (PA‐RhCu cNCs) are reported with an electrochemically active surface area of 72.8 m2 g−1 as a robust electrocatalyst for the 8e reduction of nitrate (NO3−) to NH3. PA‐RhCu cNCs show a remarkable NH3 production yield of 2.40 mg h−1 mgcat−1 and a high faradaic efficiency of 93.7% at +0.05 V potential. Density functional theory calculations and experimental results indicate that Cu and PA (adsorbed amino) coregulate the Rh d‐band center, which slightly weakens the adsorption energy of reaction‐related species on Rh. In addition, the electrochemical interface mass transfer accelerated by the surface PA further determines the notable performance of PA‐RhCu cNCs for electroreduction of NO3− to NH3. These findings may open an avenue to construct other advanced catalysts based on organic molecule‐mediated interfacial engineering in various catalysis/electrocatalysis fields.
Electronic health record–based patient tracking by emergency medicine physicians
Authors: Villalba Constanza , Burke Ryan C. , Gurley Kiersten , Dhaliwal Gurpreet , Grossman Shamai
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Emergency medicine (EM) physicians commonly track the progress of former patients to learn about their clinical outcome. While some studies have described the behavior, little is known about the specific information sought during tracking. The objective of this study was to determine how often EM physicians track patients and the motivations, strategies, and barriers to tracking.

Methods

In June 2019 we surveyed EM physicians practicing at six hospitals. We defined patient tracking as viewing the chart of a patient who was no longer under the physician's care or contacting the patient or the patient's subsequent providers to learn about the patient's progress. The survey asked respondents how often they track patients, by what mechanisms, and for what reasons. The survey also asked what information physicians sought when tracking and what barriers to tracking exist.

Results

Of the 156 EM physicians invited to respond, 111 completed the survey (72% response rate). Of those, 109 (98%) reported tracking their patients, and residents reported tracking a higher percentage of patients than attendings. Reasons for tracking included an unusual or complex case (98%), uncertain diagnosis (89%), and concern about a potential error (48%). Most respondents (86%) said that knowledge gained from patient tracking changed their subsequent practice patterns, and almost all respondents (98%) strongly agreed or agreed that tracking helps physicians avoid future mistakes. The most commonly sought information types during tracking were the hospital discharge summary or emergency department note from the index visit, test results since the index visit, and new diagnoses added since the index visit. Physicians cited time limitations and difficulty accessing information as the leading barriers to tracking.

Conclusions

Patient tracking is nearly ubiquitous among surveyed EM physicians, who find it valuable for learning and patient safety.
Stochastic Jumping Robots for Large‐Scale Environmental Sensing
Authors: Hird Julian , Conn Andrew T. , Hauert Sabine
Published: February 2022

Single‐use jumping robots that are mass‐producible and biodegradable could be quickly released for environmental sensing applications. Such robots would be pre‐loaded to perform a set number of jumps, in random directions and with random distances, removing the need for onboard energy and computation. Stochastic jumpers build on embodied randomness and large‐scale deployments to perform useful work. This paper introduces simulation results showing how to construct a large group of stochastic jumpers to perform environmental sensing, and the first demonstration of robot prototypes that can perform a set number of sequential jumps, have full‐body sensing, and are well suited to be made biodegradable. An interactive preprint version of the article can be found at:https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.163525369.97561426.
Selective Access of Deuterated Dibenzo‐Fused ϵ‐Lactones and ϵ‐Lactams via Palladium Carbene Migratory Insertion Enabled 1,4‐Pd Shift
Authors: Liu Jinling , Yu Yinghua , Huang Xueliang
Published: February 2022

Since deuterated compounds have significant applications in pharmaceutical chemistry, selective incorporation of deuterium atoms onto a pharmacophore containing compounds has attracted great attention. Herein, we describe a concise method for construction of deuterated dibenzo‐fused ϵ‐lactones and ϵ‐lactams via Pd‐catalyzed carbene bridging C−D bond activation strategy. Readily available deuterated ortho‐bromobenzaldehydes were employed as reactants, and deuterium atom was selectively incorporated at the dibenylic position with high deuterated ratio.
Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection led to progressively fatal septic shock in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Nakayama Ryuichi , Miyamoto Shuichi , Tawara Toshihiro , Aoyagi Arisa , Oguro Takeo , Kobayashi Nobumichi , Suzuki Michio , Takeyama Yoshihiro
Published: February 2022

Background

Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection is rare, with a high fatality rate; however, there are few cases of death with a rapid course. This study reports a progressively fatal case of C. canimorsus.

Case Presentation

A 68‐year‐old immunocompetent Japanese man was bitten and scratched on his right hand by a dog 6 days before emergency transportation to the emergency room with abdominal pain, back pain, and melena. The patient developed multiple‐organ failure. Despite antibiotic therapy, transfusion, vasopressor therapy, and continuous renal replacement therapy, the patient died from uncontrolled metabolic acidosis 4.5 h after admission. Approximately 80 h after admission, blood cultures were positive for C. canimorsus.

Conclusions

Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection can lead to rapid progression even in immunocompetent patients.
Oxidative Coupling of Methane: Examining the Inactivity of the MnOx‐Na2WO4/SiO2 Catalyst at Low Temperature
Authors: Si Jiaqi , Zhao Guofeng , Sun Weidong , Liu Jincun , Guan Cairu , Yang Yong , Shi Xue‐Rong , Lu Yong
Published: February 2022

Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyzed by MnOx‐Na2WO4/SiO2 has great industrial promise to convert methane directly to C2–3 products, but its high light‐off temperature is the most challenging obstacle to commercialization and its working mechanism is still a mystery. We report the discovery of a low‐temperature active and selective MnOx‐Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst enriched with Q2 units in the SiO2 carrier, being capable of converting 23 % CH4 with 72 % C2–3 selectivity at 660 °C. From experiments and theoretical calculations, a large number of Q2 units in the MnOx‐Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst is a trigger for markedly lowering the light‐off temperature of the Mn3+↔Mn2+ redox cycle involved in the OCM reaction because of the easy formation of MnSiO3. Notably, the MnSiO3 formation proceeds merely through the SiO2‐involved reaction in the presence of Na2WO4: Mn7SiO12+6 SiO2↔7 MnSiO3+1.5 O2. The Na2WO4 not only drives the light‐off of this cycle but also gets it working with substantial selectivity toward C2–3 products. Our findings shine a light on the rational design of more advanced MnOx‐Na2WO4 based OCM catalysts through establishing new Mn3+↔Mn2+ redox cycles with lowered light‐off temperature.
Asymmetric α‐Allylation of Glycinate with Switched Chemoselectivity Enabled by Customized Bifunctional Pyridoxal Catalysts
Authors: Ma Jiguo , Gao Bin , Song Guanshui , Zhang Ruixin , Wang Qingfang , Ye Zi , Chen Wen‐Wen , Zhao Baoguo
Published: February 2022

Owing to the strong nucleophilicity of the NH2 group, free‐NH2 glycinates react with MBH acetates to usually deliver N‐allylated products even in the absence of catalysts. Without protection of the NH2 group, chiral pyridoxal catalysts bearing an amide side chain at the C3 position of the naphthyl ring switched the chemoselectivity of the glycinates from intrinsic N‐allylation to α‐C allylation. The reaction formed chiral multisubstituted glutamic acid esters as SN2′–SN2′ products in good yields with excellent stereoselectivity (up to 86 % yield, >20 : 1 dr, 97 % ee). As compared to pyridoxal catalysts bearing an amide side arm at the C2 position, the pyridoxals in this study have a bigger catalytic cavity to enable effective activation of larger electrophiles, such as MBH acetates and related intermediates. The reaction is proposed to proceed via a cooperative bifunctional catalysis pathway, which accounts for the high level of diastereo‐ and enantiocontrol of the pyridoxal catalysts.
Computational Design, Synthesis, and Photochemistry of Cy7‐PPG, an Efficient NIR‐Activated Photolabile Protecting Group for Therapeutic Applications**
Authors: Alachouzos Georgios , Schulte Albert M. , Mondal Anirban , Szymanski Wiktor , Feringa Ben L.
Published: February 2022

Photolabile Protecting Groups (PPGs) are molecular tools used, for example, in photopharmacology for the activation of drugs with light, enabling spatiotemporal control over their potency. Yet, red‐shifting of PPG activation wavelengths into the NIR range, which penetrates the deepest in tissue, has often yielded inefficient or insoluble molecules, hindering the use of PPGs in the clinic. To solve this problem, we report herein a novel concept in PPG design, by transforming clinically‐applied NIR‐dyes with suitable molecular orbital configurations into new NIR‐PPGs using computational approaches. Using this method, we demonstrate how Cy7, a class of NIR dyes possessing ideal properties (NIR‐absorption, high molecular absorptivity, excellent aqueous solubility) can be successfully converted into Cy7‐PPG. We report a facile synthesis towards Cy7‐PPG from accessible precursors and confirm its excellent properties as the most redshifted oxygen‐independent NIR‐PPG to date (λmax=746 nm).
The synthesis of heterogenous Co‐MOFs and application in the catalytic hydrosilylation of alkenes
Authors: Yu Zehao , Song Zijie , Lu Chunshan , Bai Ying , Li Jiayun , Liu Jun , Liu Peng , Peng Jiajian
Published: February 2022

Hydrosilylation employing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as the catalyst are promising because of their high catalytic reactivity and sustainability of heterogeneous catalyst. A highly simple and efficient method for the hydrosilylation of olefins catalyzed by an air‐stable MOF‐cobalt catalysts is developed. This approach is featured by 0.1% of Co‐MOFs catalyst with excellent reactivity, recyclability, and good functional group tolerance. The Co‐MOFs can catalyze hydrosilylation of styrene or its derivatives with Ph2SiH2 in the presence of NaBHEt3. Moreover, the catalysts we developed show excellent stability, and the activity is not significantly reduced after repeating the cycle for five times.
Development and performance evaluation of epoxy resin system for repairing agent
Authors: Liu Shi , Liu Wenming , Qi Ben , Lin Zhihui , Li Pengpeng , Wu Chaoming , Zhang Qingchang , Hu Miaomiao , Guo Jintang
Published: February 2022

In the development of unconventional oil and gas resources, such as offshore oil, high pressure oil and sour wells, casing‐casing annulus pressure is a common problem. To prevent casing‐casing annulus pressure, bisphenol F epoxy resin, dicyandiamide hardener SH‐500A and urea accelerator SH‐A100 are added to develop an epoxy resin system. The thickening time and the compressive strength at 90°C are used as the main evaluation indexes. The optimal formulation was found to be as follows: bisphenol F epoxy resin NPEF‐170 with 20 wt% of diluent benzyl glycidyl ether, 9.0 wt% of hardener dicyandiamide and 0.5–0.4 wt% of urea accelerator SH‐A100. The experimental results showed that the initial consistency of the epoxy resin system is less than 30 Bc, the thickening time is 3–4 h, and the compressive strength at 90°C is above 27 MPa, which meet the requirements of on‐site construction.