bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING THE DETAILED LOCATION PATTERNS OF U.K. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES USING MICROGEOGRAPHIC DATA*
Authors: Duranton Gilles , Overman Henry G.
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT We use a point‐pattern methodology to explore the detailed location patterns of U.K. manufacturing industries. In particular, we consider the location of entrants and exiters versus continuing establishments, domestic‐ versus foreign‐owned, large versus small, and affiliated versus independent. We also examine colocalization between vertically‐linked industries. Our analysis provides a set of new stylized facts and confirmation for others.
DETECTION OF LOCAL INTERACTIONS FROM THE SPATIAL PATTERN OF NAMES IN FRANCE*
Authors: Head Keith , Mayer Thierry
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTUsing data on the geographic distribution of names in France, we investigate the social transmission of parental preferences. Drawing on recent work on nonmarket interactions, we develop a linear discrete choice model that relates choices made in one location to those made in nearby areas. We explain the shares of parents that give their children Saint, Arabic, and American‐type names. We also examine the effect of distance between locations on differences in naming patterns. We find that the importance of geographic distance is declining over time while differences in class and national origins have increasing explanatory power.
The radio properties of optically obscured Spitzer sources
Authors: Magliocchetti M. , Andreani P. , Zwaan M. A.
Published: September 2010

This paper analyses the radio properties of a subsample of optically obscured (R≥ 25.5) galaxies observed at 24 μm by the Spitzer Space Telescope within the First Look Survey. Ninety-six F24 μm≥ 0.35 mJy objects out of 510 are found to have a radio counterpart at 1.4 GHz, 610 MHz or at both frequencies, respectively, down to ∼40 and ∼200 μJy. IRAC photometry sets the majority of them in the redshift interval z≃[1–3] and allows for a broad distinction between active galactic nucleus (AGN) dominated galaxies (∼47 per cent of the radio-identified sample) and systems powered by intense star formation (∼13 per cent), the remaining objects being impossible to classify. The percentage of radio identifications is a strong function of 24-μm flux: almost all sources brighter than F24 μm∼ 2 mJy are endowed with a radio flux at both 1.4 GHz and 610 MHz, while this fraction drastically decreases by lowering the 24-μm flux level. The radio number counts at both radio frequencies suggest that the physical process(es) responsible for radio activity in these objects have a common origin regardless of whether the source shows mid-infrared emission compatible with being an obscured AGN or a star-forming galaxy. We also find that both candidate AGN and star-forming systems follow (although with a large scatter) the relationship between 1.4-GHz and 24-μm fluxes reported by Appleton et al. which identifies sources undergoing intense star formation activity. However, a more scattered relation is observed between 24-μm and 610-MHz fluxes. On the other hand, the inferred radio spectral indices α indicate that a large fraction of objects in our sample (∼60 per cent of all galaxies with estimated α) may belong to the population of ultrasteep spectrum sources, typically ‘frustrated’ radio-loud AGN. We interpret our findings as a strong indication for concurrent AGN and star-forming activity, whereby the 1.4-GHz flux is of thermal origin, while that at 610 GHz mainly stems from the nuclear source.
Short‐term paracetamol therapy during pregnancy and a lower rate of preterm birth
Authors: Czeizel Andrew E. , Dudás Istvan , Puhó Erzsébet
Published: September 2010

The relationships between short‐term oral paracetamol treatment during pregnancy and mean gestational age and birthweight, in addition to the prevalence of preterm birth and low birthweight were estimated using newborn infants in the population‐based large dataset of the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities between 1980 and 1996. Gestational age and birthweight were medically recorded.

Of 38 151 newborn infants, 173 were born to mothers who had paracetamol treatment during pregnancy. A 0.4‐week increase in the mean gestational age was found among exposed relative to unexposed, and with the use of paracetamol during pregnancy there was a significant reduction in the proportion of preterm birth (3.5% vs. 9.2%) (adjusted P = 0.01). The possible preterm birth protective effect of paracetamol may be associated with paracetamol‐induced reduction of prostacyclin production in pregnant women. The clinical relevance of these findings needs further studies.
Ethnic differences in congenital malformations in the Netherlands: analyses of a 5‐year birth cohort
Authors: Anthony S. , Kateman H. , Brand R. , Den Ouden A. L. , Dorrepaal C. A. , Van Der Pal‐de Bruin K. M. , Buitendijk S. E.
Published: September 2010

Congenital malformations are among the major causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity at present. Research into the ethnic diversity of congenital malformations can form a basis both for aetiological studies and for health care advice and planning. This study compared the overall prevalence of congenital malformations, the prevalence in different organ systems and of several specific malformations between different maternal ethnic groups in the Netherlands using a 5‐year national birth cohort (1996–2000) containing 881 800 births. Maternal ethnic groups considered were Dutch; Mediterranean (Moroccan/Turkish); other European; Black; Hindu and Asian. Mediterranean women had a 20% higher risk of having a child with a congenital malformation than Dutch women (age‐adjusted OR = 1.21 [95% CI 1.16, 1.27]). They showed an increased risk of malformations in several organ systems such as the central nervous system and sensory organs, the urogenital system and skin and abdominal wall. Further, they had an increased risk of the group of chromosomal malformations/multiple malformations/syndromes. For the specific group of multiple malformations the maternal age adjusted OR was 1.80 [95% CI 1.47, 2.20]. The Black group showed a significantly increased risk of skeletal and muscular malformations (age adjusted OR = 1.76 [95% CI 1.53, 2.02]) with a sixfold increased risk of polydactyly compared with the Dutch group. For Mediterranean women, the largest and fastest growing group of immigrants in the Netherlands, this study demonstrated an increased risk of congenital malformations.
Smoking during pregnancy and preterm birth according to obstetric history: French national perinatal surveys
Authors: Nabet Cathy , Ancel Pierre‐Yves , Burguet Antoine , Kaminski Monique
Published: September 2010

The relation between smoking and preterm delivery is not totally known. Our aim was to determine whether smoking during pregnancy was associated with preterm birth among women at different risk according to their obstetric history. The study was based on data from the 1998 French national perinatal survey. Of the 13073 singleton live births, 4.7% were preterm; 15% of the pregnant women were moderate (one to nine cigarettes per day) and 10% heavy smokers (at least 10 cigarettes per day). Smoking heavily was related to preterm birth (crude odds ratio [OR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: [1.04, 1.74]). Multivariable logistic regression showed a relation between smoking and preterm birth among multiparae without previous adverse pregnancy outcomes; the associated adjusted ORs (AORs) were 1.25 [95% CI 0.83, 1.87] among moderate smokers and 1.46 [95% CI 0.98, 2.20] among heavy smokers. The corresponding AORs were 0.69 [95% CI 0.46, 1.05]) and 0.96 [95% CI 0.59, 1.56] for primiparae and 1.11 [95% CI 0.63, 1.93] and 0.50 [95% CI 0.25, 0.98] for multiparae with previous adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our study showed a relation between heavy smoking during pregnancy and preterm birth mostly for women with low obstetric risk.
Assessing levels of contaminants in breast milk: methodological issues and a framework for future research
Authors: Renfrew Mary J. , Hay Alaistair M. W. , Shelton Nicola , Law Graham , Wallis Susan , Madden Shelley , Shires Susan , Sutcliffe Anne , Woolridge Michael W.
Published: September 2010

To assess the scale of the possible exposure by the breast‐fed infant to potentially harmful substances in breast milk, methodologically robust studies are essential. Many studies in this field, however, do not report details of crucial issues such as recruitment and milk sampling. The aims of the study reported here were to develop robust methods for the study of contaminants in breast milk, and to develop a framework for future research and population monitoring. Three cohorts of women and babies were recruited by midwives from five sites in northern England. Cohort 1 (cross‐sectional, n = 322) were asked to provide two milk samples, one at one week following birth and one at a subsequent time point. Cohort 2 (longitudinal, n = 54) were asked to provide five samples at specified time points over the first 12–16 weeks after birth. Cohort 3 (convenience, n = 18), mothers of babies in the Special Care Unit, were asked to donate surplus breast milk. A novel method of analysing fat concentration in small volumes was developed and tested. A randomly selected set of samples from different donors and stages of lactation was screened for organochlorine pesticide residues, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins/furans, phthalates and heavy metals.

A total of 453 samples were donated. Cohort 3 was the least successful route of recruitment. Cohorts 1 and 2 combined were most representative of the population. Sample collection, transport and storage procedures, and the collection of data on life style and diet, were robust and acceptable to women. Midwifery involvement in recruitment was an essential component. This study offers a framework both for the conduct of future research studies, and for the establishment of regional and national monitoring mechanisms for contaminants in breast milk. Similar work on contaminants in formula as fed to babies is needed to inform risk assessment methods.
Practice‐based research network solutions to methodological challenges encountered in a national, prospective cohort study of mothers and newborns
Authors: Finch Stacia A. , Lalama Christina , Spino Cathie , Schwartz Heidi C. , Wasserman Richard C. , McCormick Marie C. , Bernstein Henry H.
Published: September 2010

The emergence of practice‐based research networks (PBRN) has facilitated the execution of multifaceted community‐based studies. As study complexity increases, so does the number of methodological barriers encountered. This paper's goal was to delineate methodological barriers and to evaluate the effectiveness of selected strategies and approaches developed and implemented in allowing a prospective, national PBRN cohort study to succeed in enrolling geographically dispersed mother/healthy term infant dyads (n = 4300) on the day of post‐partum discharge. Specific methodological barriers included: (1) obtaining multiple Institutional Review Board (IRB) approvals; (2) gathering longitudinal data from multiple individuals; (3) soliciting multiple perspectives on discharge decision making; and (4) bolstering minority enrolment. The most effective strategies and approaches we employed to address these methodological challenges were: (1) preparing and distributing the ‘IRB Packet’; (2) recruiting multiple practices covered by the same IRB; and (3) obtaining supplemental funding for increasing minority enrolment. We expect that other PBRN investigators can benefit from our experience and solutions in the successful conduct of this multifaceted community‐based study.
Diet during early pregnancy and development of gestational diabetes
Authors: Radesky Jenny S. , Oken Emily , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Kleinman Ken P. , Rich‐Edwards Janet W. , Gillman Matthew W.
Published: September 2010

Diet composition may be a modifiable predictor of risk for abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. Prior studies suggest that diets high in total fat, saturated fat, red and processed meats, and with high glycaemic load increase the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), while polyunsaturated fats, carbohydrates and fibre are protective. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of these and other nutrients and foods, including n‐3 fatty acids, trans fats, whole grains and dietary patterns, with risk of GDM. We studied 1733 women with singleton pregnancies enrolled in Project Viva, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort study in eastern MA. Using multinomial logistic regression, we examined associations of first trimester diet, assessed by validated food frequency questionnaire, with results of glucose tolerance testing at 26–28 weeks of gestation.

A total of 91 women developed GDM and 206 women had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was a strong predictor for GDM risk (OR 3.44 [95% CI 1.88, 6.31] for pre‐pregnancy BMI ≥30 vs. <25 kg/m2). After adjustment for confounders, the OR [95% CI] for risk of GDM for total dietary fat was 1.00 [0.96, 1.05], for saturated fat 0.98 [0.88, 1.08], for polyunsaturated fat 1.09 [0.94, 1.26], for trans fat 0.87 [0.51, 1.49], and for carbohydrates 1.00 [0.96, 1.03] per each 1% of total energy. The adjusted OR [95% CI] for risk of GDM for a one standard deviation increase in energy‐adjusted glycaemic load (32 units, about two soft drinks) was 0.96 [0.76, 1.22] and for each daily serving of whole grains was 0.90 [0.73, 1.13]. Dietary patterns and intake of red and processed meats were not predictive of glucose tolerance outcome. Estimates for IGT were similar to those for GDM. Intake of n‐3 fatty acids was associated with increased GDM risk (OR 1.11 [95% CI 1.02, 1.22] per each 300 mg/day), but not with IGT risk. Except for this finding, perhaps due to chance, these data do not show that nutrient or food intake in early pregnancy is linked to risk of GDM. Nutritional status entering pregnancy, as reflected by pre‐pregnancy BMI, is probably more important than pregnancy diet in development of GDM.
A comparative survey of the neurosecretory cells occurring in the adult brain of several species of Lepidoptera
Authors: HINKS C.F.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The types of neurosecretory cell occurring in the adult brain of 23 species of Lepidoptera are described, and their numbers and distribution recorded. A system of classification based on existing descriptions of neurosecretory cells from Lepidoptera and insects from other orders is proposed.
The glandular source and social functions of trail pheromones in two species of ants (Leptogenys)
Authors: FLETCHER D.J.C.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The existence of trail pheromones in Leptogenys attenuata and L.nitida is demonstrated, and the glandular source identified. The role of these pheromones in colony emigration and foraging is elucidated.
Simulium berneri Freeman (Diptera: Simuliidae) and its mayfly host (Ephemeroptera: Oligoneuridae)
Authors: DISNEY R.H.L.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An analysis is given of collections of Elassoneuria nymphs bearing immature Simulium berneri from the forest zone of West Cameroon near Kumba. The size and sex of the mayfly nymphs, the size and attachment sites of S. berneri and the infestation rates are recorded. The method of dispersion is discussed.
Two phoretic black‐flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and their associated mayfly host (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) in Cameroon
Authors: DISNEY R.H.L.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Simulium afronuri and S.lumbwanum are recorded living in association with nymphs of Afronurus in the forest zone of West Cameroon. Observations on infestation rates, attachment sites, larval size distribution and dispersion are recorded. Evidence of niche separation between the two simuliid species is discussed.
A note on stridulation in some cerambycid beetles and its possible relation to ventilation
Authors: MILLER P.L.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of stridulation in Petrognatha gigas and Phryneta spinata and of the occurrence of prothoracic stridulatory activity and accompanying abdominal movements in Strangalia maculata.
Ovariolar dimorphism and repagula formation in some South American Ascalaphidae (Neuroptera)
Authors: NEW T.R.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the occurrence, in six genera of Ascalaphidae, of two distinct forms of ovariole, and the production of repagula by the modified form is described.
Roosting and related activities in some Australian Zygoptera
Authors: O'FARRELL A.F.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Perching, roosting and early morning activities in Austrolestes annulosus and A.leda (Sympecmatidae) and Ischnura heterosticta (Coenagrionidae) are described and discussed in relation to the general biology of these insects, especially their capacity for physiological colour change.
Feeding behaviour and trypanosomatid infections of some Tabanids and Culicidae in Colombia
Authors: PAGE W. A.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the feeding activity and biting behaviour of seven species of Tabanidae taken on a bait cow in the field. Trypanosomatid parasites found in these species, and in Mansonia spp. captured on the same bait, are described.
Some factors affecting the site and pattern of leaf‐cutting activity in the ant Atta cephalotes L.
Authors: BARRER P. M. , CHERRETT J. M.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of some aspects of the leaf‐cutting behaviour of the ant Atta cephalotes L. Chemical and physical factors that determine the site of cutting are described, and the significance of these in the pattern of plant attack is discussed.
Studies on the coexistence of three species of Eupteryx (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on nettle
Authors: QUESNE W. J. LE
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the relative numbers of adults of three species of Eupteryx, coexisting on nettle, collected regularly over a period of seven years, and possible causes of fluctuations are suggested.
Studies of the seasonal development of Vespula vulgaris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) with special reference to queen production
Authors: ARCHER MICHAEL E.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of worker characteristics, worker activities and brood characteristics in nests of Vespula vulgaris. Variations in queen productivity and efficiency of reproduction are discussed.
Structural differentiation in the mid‐gut epithelium of the phasmid Carausius morosus Brunner
Authors: BEADLE D. J.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The epithelial cells of the anterior central and posterior regions of the midgut of Carausius morosus are described. Possible functions of the cells, indicated by structural differentiation, are discussed.
Changes in oxygen uptake and respiratory quotient during post‐embryonic development of the leaf‐insect Phyllium crurifolium Serville (Phasmida: Phylliidae)
Authors: MODDER W. W. D. , SIVARAJAH K.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Respiratory changes in laboratory stocks of Phyllium crurifolium, from hatching to instar VI, are described. The significance of these changes is discussed.
The repugnatorial gland of the grasshopper Poecilocerus hieroglyphicus (Klug)
Authors: ABUSHAMA FAYSAL TAG ELDIN
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The structure and function of the repugnatorial gland of Poecilocerus hieroglyphicus are described and the toxic components of the gland secretion discussed.
The immature stages of Dasyhelea dufouri Laboulbene (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in water‐filled tree‐holes
Authors: KITCHING R. L.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of oviposition and larval numbers of the ceratopogonid midge, Dasyhelea dufouri in water‐filled tree‐holes. The results of these studies are used to construct the life‐history of the species and indicate temporal and spatial variation in the occurrence of its larvae.
Swimming in mantids
Authors: MILLER P.L.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The initiation, form of leg strokes and minimal requirements for swimming in Sphodromantis lineola are described.
On the so‐called spermatophores of Chirothrips manicatus Haliday (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: PITKIN BRIAN R.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Structures previously identified as spermatophores in Chirothrips manicatus are interpreted as genital armature. The male genitalia, including the armature, are described and figured.
The dermal glands of some adult beetles
Authors: KENDALL D. A.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the structure of dermal glands in the adult of Tenebrio molitor, with notes on other Cucujoidea and some Scarabaeoidea and Chrysomeloidea. The formation of the dermal gland secretion is briefly discussed.
Histology and physiology of the mandibular glands in Dictyoptera
Authors: MKHIZE S. B. V. , KUMAR R.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the mandibular glands in five families of Mantodea and in two families of Blattodea. The enzyme content of the gland secretion of Sphodromantis lineola is analysed, and the function of the secretion discussed.
Notes on the structure of the unguitractor plate in Heteroptera (Hemiptera)
Authors: GOEL S. C.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the unguitractor plate in a number of heteropteran families and its significance in the major grouping of Heteroptera is discussed.
The effect of starvation on the length of the interlarval period in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans orientalis Vanderplank
Authors: SAUNDERS D. S.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the effect on the mean interlarval period and abortion rate in Glossina morsitans orientalis of different periods of food deprivation during pregnancy.
Biological investigations on Comperia merceti (Compere), an encyrtid parasite of the cockroach Supella longipalpa (Serville)*
Authors: GORDH GORDON
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the behaviour, host specificity and potential as a biological control agent of Comperia merceti, a hymenopterous parasite of cockroach oothecae.
Release of aggressive and capture behaviour in the antMyrmecia gulosa F. by exocrine products of the ant Camponotus
Authors: HASKINS C. P. , HEWITT R. E. , HASKINS E. F.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the behaviour of workers of Myrmecia gulosa in the presence of formic acid and undecane (substances produced by its normal prey Camponotus). Comparative studies with three other species of Myrmecia are described.
The significance of “apolysis” in the moulting of insects
Authors: WIGGLESWORTH V. B.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The problem of defining the instars of insects is discussed in the light of observations on the timing of apolysis and on the physiology and behaviour of the insect during the pharate period of development.
Osmotic regulation in the backswimmer Notonecta glauca L. (Heteroptera: Notonectidae)
Authors: STADDON B. W.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the effect of transfer to different salinities on the total concentration of the haemolymph and rectal fluid of Notonecta glauca.
Further observations on some blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) associated with mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae and Heptageniidae) in Cameroon
Authors: DISNEY R. H. L.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the infestation rates, attachment sites, larval size distribution and dispersion of Simulium baetiphilum on nymphs of Baetidae. The mechanisms of choice shown by S. afronuri and S. lumbwanum infesting Afronurus spp. are discussed.
Structure and function of the dorsal abdominal gland and defence mechanism in cocoa‐capsids (Miridae: Heteroptera)
Authors: ARYEETEY E. A. , KUMAR R.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the structure of the dorsal abdominal gland in Distantiella theobroma, Sahlbergella singularis, Bryocoropsis laticollis and Helopeltis corbisieri. The function is discussed, and defence mechanisms in the four species are described.
The life cycle and larval growth of Drusus annulatus Stephens (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in a mountain stream
Authors: GOWER A. M.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The life cycle of Drusus annulatus in a stream in the Brecon Beacons is described, and compared with its life cycle in watercress beds, with particular reference to larval growth.
Neglected phases in metamorphosis: a reply to V. B. Wigglesworth
Authors: HINTON H. E.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The advantages are discussed of defining the instars of insects by reference to the apolyses rather than to the ecdyses, and an attempt is made to answer the objections to this practice published by V. B. Wigglesworth in the previous issue of this journal. The consequences of confusing the pharate pupa with the larva and the pupa with the pharate adult are also discussed.
Oviposition of virgin Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) after implant of the male accessory gland complex
Authors: LEAHY SISTER MARY G.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the effect of implanted male accessory glands on oogenesis and oviposition in unmated Schistocerca gregaria.
Accumulation and storage sites of uric acid in the developing egg of Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: MOLOO S. K.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of uric acid accumulation in the egg of Schistocerca gregaria during the course of embryonic development and its storage sites in the egg.
Effects of food on the development of the Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal)
Authors: TOYE S. AFOLABI
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the effects of five different food plants on the development of larvae of Schistocerca gregaria reared in the laboratory.
The structure of the conglobate gland in Dictyoptera
Authors: AMPOFO J. K. O. , KUMAR R.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the structure and occurrence of the conglobate gland in Mantodea and Blattaria.
The distribution pattern of indirect flight muscle fibres in a laboratory strain of Aedes togoi (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: BECKETT EVELYN B.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The distribution pattern of indirect flight muscle fibres in Aedes togoi is described in detail.
Inherited changes in enzyme patterns within parthenogenetic clones of Aphis fabae
Authors: BERANEK A. P. , BERRY R. J.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of changes in esterase enzyme patterns occurring in Aphis fabae populations breeding parthenogenetically.
Sex bionomics of Culex pipiens fatigans (Wied)
Authors: DE ALWIS R. E. , MUNASINGHE C. H.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the occurrence of polyandry and polygyny in Culex pipiens fatigans.
The responses of Ibalia species (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae) to the fungal symbionts of siricid woodwasp hosts
Authors: SPRADBERY J. P.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The oviposition response of Ibalia drewseni and Ibalia leucospoides is described and compared. Oviposition behaviour is elicited by odours produced by the symbiotic fungus of several species of siricid woodwasps. The responses of the two Ibalia species to fungus cultures of different ages and host sources is discussed in relation to their emergence periods and the ecology of their hosts.
Studies on D‐alanine in the Heteroptera*
Authors: AYERS G. S. , BROWN T. M. , MONROE R. E.
Published: September 2010

Four milkweed associated insects were assayed for free D‐alanine by gas‐liquid chromatographic methods. Oncopeltus fasciatus and Lygaeus kalmii, reared aseptically on milkweed seeds, showed high titres of free D‐alanine. Labidomera clivicollis showed traces of the D‐isomer whereas none could be detected in Tetraopes tetrophthalmus. O.fasciatus reared aseptically on sunflower seed showed high titres of D‐alanine. No D‐alanine could be detected in milkweed seed hydrolysates. Several museum specimens of the orders Hemiptera and Homoptera were assayed and all showed high titres of D‐alanine.
The distribution of asynchronous muscle in insects with particular reference to the Hemiptera: an electron microscope study
Authors: CULLEN M. J.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Certain ultrastructural features of insect flight muscle are described and their value as criteria for differentiating between synchronous and asynchronous muscle is assessed. The distribution of asynchronous muscle in the Pterygota as a whole and the Hemiptera in particular is investigated and the evolutionary implications of the results are discussed.
Factors determining food storage and brood rearing in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) comb.
Authors: FREE J. B. , WILLIAMS INGRID H.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of experiments and observations made to discover the factors that decide whether the bees use a particular cell for brood‐rearing, storing honey or storing pollen. The implications are discussed in relation to the overall pattern of food storage and brood‐rearing in the colony.
Peculiarities of the epidermal gland system of the cotton stainer Dysdercus fasciatus Signoret (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae)
Authors: LAWRENCE P. A. , STADDON B. W.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The epidermal gland system of adult Dysdercus fasciatus, which shows conspicuous sexual dimorphism, is described. Observations on the development of the glands and a discussion of their possible functions are included.
Iridescence from diffraction structures in the wing scales of Callophrys rubi, the Green Hairstreak
Authors: MORRIS R. B.
Published: September 2010

The uniform green colour of the under surface of the wing of Callophrys rubi is due to the integrated effect of the iridescence from a mosaic of polygonal grains, 5.4 μm. diameter and 1 μm. thick. The ultrastructure of each grain is a simple cubic network, lattice parameter 0257 μm. The iridescent colour results from this structure acting as a volume diffraction grating giving a peak reflectance at about 0.548 μm., green, which is found to be close to the observed reflectance with a peak at 0.550 μm. measured by a spectrometer.
The basis of structural colour variation in two species of Papilio
Authors: HUXLEY JOHN
Published: September 2010

An account is given of the ultrastructure and optical properties of the structural colour scales of Papilio karna and P.palinurus. The scales are Urania‐type multilayers of 10 lamellae separated by air‐spaces. A theoretical model is elaborated to account for the results and it is concluded that colour variation between species is achieved through control of film thickness. It is proposed that the surface structure functions as an anti‐reflection coating. A generalised functional basis for the structural difference between Urania‐type and Morpho‐type scales is suggested.
Some effects of light and heat on the feeding and resting behaviour of tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans Westwood
Authors: HUYTON P. M. , BRADY JOHN
Published: September 2010

A laboratory investigation was carried out into the effects of light and heat on the feeding and resting behaviour of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood. Flies placed in small cages on the ears of rabbits were tested for feeding responsiveness at light intensities of 0, 10, 100, 1000 and 25 000 lux. Feeding occurred at the same rate in darkness as it did in light at up to 1000 lux, but at 25 000 lux was largely inhibited. At 26° C, flies flew to and settled in the light end of a 1.2 m‐long choice chamber. As the temperature was raised (by 10° C/hour) they eventually took off and flew directly to the dark end. The temperature at which this skototaxis occurred was strongly negatively correlated with the light intensity: each log unit increase in light intensity (in lux) caused a 2.2° C fall in take‐off temperature. Skototaxis occurred at higher temperatures in recently fed female flies than in starved ones.
The surface morphology of locust hindgut cuticle*
Authors: KLEIN M. , APPLEBAUM S. W.
Published: September 2010

The surface architecture of hindgut cuticle in Locusta migratoria is described. Infundibulate pores are present in the midrectal pads, the ileum and the posterior rectum. It is suggested that they lead to canals traversing the cuticle. Larger occluded crater‐like pores are present on the posterior rectal pads and may be glandular. The cuticle of the ileum and colon is invested with numerous spikes pointing backwards, and the interpad region of the rectum with upright spikes pointing inwards. These spikes probably serve to direct the faeces backwards from the ileum and colon, and to impale the faecal pellet during dehydration in the rectum.
Sperm loss at copulation in Culicoides melleus
Authors: LINLEY J. R. , HINDS M. J.
Published: September 2010

The loss of sperm at copulation in Culicoides melleus was investigated with respect to the previous sexual experience of the female and the interval between her copulations. Approximately 40% of ejaculated sperm were lost if a male copulated with a female within 16 hours of her previous insemination by another male. By 96 hours after the first insemination, sperm transfer at a second copulation was virtually back to the initial 100% level.
On the structure of the cuticle of Mecoptera
Authors: HEPBURN H. R. , FARR J. M.
Published: September 2010

The chitin architecture of Mecoptera cuticle is of two kinds: helicoidal and helicoidal preferred with the preferred layers being cross‐plied. Comparison of both systems of terminology currently in use to differentiate the subtypes of cuticle indicates that neither provides much information about the arrangement of chitin within cuticle and that both give information only about the extent of hardening in cuticle.

All of the specimens of solid cuticle broken in tension exhibited a similar fracture behaviour in which the exocuticle failed in a brittle manner and the endocuticle failed plastically. The mode of endocuticular failure is dependent upon the arrangement of chitin microfibres within this region. The ultrastructural patterns of chitin microfibres determined by electron microscopy cannot be related to current notions about the phylogenetic interrelationships among Mecoptera and the usefulness of chitin fibre arrangement as a phylogenetic tool remains an open question.
Relationship between the olfactory sensilla of Papilio demoleus L. larvae and their orientation responses to different odours
Authors: SAXENA K. N. , PRABHA SHASHI
Published: September 2010

Papilio demoleus larvae showed maximum attraction to odours of citral, cirtonellal and citronellol, slightly less to geraniol and 1‐limonene, and low attraction to hydroxy‐citronellal and geranyl acetate. These chemicals (except the last) are the main odorous constituents of the insect's host plant (Citrus) leaves. Phellandrene was almost inert, whereas farnesol and d‐limonene elicited a low, and linalool, eugenol and clove oil a high repulsion.

Larvae deprived of one antenna and both maxillary palps were similar to normal larvae in their orientational responses. Normal larval responses changed with the inactivation of one or more of the three specific antennal sensilla. A full complement of the three sensilla was not essential for the normal larval response to certain chemicals. Any of the sensilla singly or in combination with any other sensillum could mediate the normal larval response (attraction) to citral and geraniol. For a few other chemicals, certain specific sensilla, singly or in a combination of two, mediated the normal response. Only for d‐limonene were all three sensilla essential for the normal response.
A naturally occurring chromosomal translocation in Myzus persicae (Sulzer)
Authors: BLACKMAN R. L. , TAKADA H.
Published: September 2010

Populations of M.persicae from glasshouses in Britain were found to have a structurally heterozygous chromosome complement. Biometric data from somatic metaphase chromosomes, and the pairing configurations of chromosomes at spermatocyte meiosis, indicate either a simple or a reciprocal translocation involving autosomes 1 and 3. All except one of the clones started from these populations showed high levels of esterase activity indicative of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides. The British translocated clones were all androcyclic in reproductive character, but of several distinct genotypes. A similar or identical translocation was found in seven out of nine clones started from M.persicae collected in the field in Japan. The translocation was present in Japanese M.persicae of all reproductive categories, being somehow maintained in the sexual breeding system of the aphid. In breeding experiments, translocation heterozygosity was inherited independently from colour and reproductive characters. The translocation was also found in a sample of M.persicae from southern California.
An eclosion timing mechanism in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae
Authors: REITER P. , JONES M. D. R.
Published: September 2010

The circadian control of adult emergence was studied in Anopheles gambiae. In contrast to the situation reported for other mosquitoes, the timing of adult eclosion can be modified by the light regime. Comparison of the timing of pupal—adult ecdysis in groups of individuals pupating at the same time and then kept either in 12 h light alternating with 12 h dark (LD 12:12) or constant light, at temperatures from 22 to 34·5°C, showed that the timing can be modified by the light regime. In LD, eclosion due to take place during the middle and later part of the light phase was delayed, giving a peak near light‐off; the maximum delay was of the order of 4–5 h at both 22 and 34·5°C. This effect appears to be mediated by a temperature‐compensated timing mechanism. Experiments with different light regimes indicated that the time cue is a previous change from light to dark. When this was given to late fourth stage larvae it affected the timing of adult eclosion without affecting the time of pupation.
Carotenoids in blue mutant and normal green pupae of Hyalophora cecropia
Authors: VALADON GUY , MUMMERY ROSEMARY , ROTHSCHILD MIRIAM
Published: September 2010

The carotenoids of a blue mutant and normal Hyalophora cecropia (L.) (both reared on apple leaves) were compared. Pupae derived from blue larvae contained 3·78 μg of carotenoids per individual, compared with 266·0 μg in pupae derived from normal green larvae.
The mechanism of extension of the pleural pleat in adult Rhodnius prolixus
Authors: VINCENT J. F. V.
Published: September 2010

Adult Rhodnius prolixus Stål increase the volume of the abdomen when feeding by stretching the lateral abdominal pleat. This paper shows that the observed extension may be entirely accounted for by unfolding corrugations in the pleat.
Polytene chromosomes of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis and the cytogenetics of Psychodidae in relation to other Diptera
Authors: WHITE G. B. , KILLICK‐KENDRICK R.
Published: September 2010

Polytene giant chromosomes of the Phlebotomine sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis from two localities in Brazil were examined. They are preliminarily described and illustrated from larval salivary gland preparations. Polytenes in other tissues of larvae, pupae and adult flies were found to be unsuitable for detailed study. Salivary chromosome arms were long but thin (‘oligotene’) and given to much ectopic pairing. Despite their fragility and cross‐linkage, patterning on these chromosomes was sufficiently well differentiated to be cytotaxonomically useful. The normal mitotic complement comprised 3 pairs of metacentrics and 1 pair of subacrocentrics. None of the chromosome pairs was sexually dimorphic. Meiotic chiasmata were seen in males and females. Characteristics of giant chromosomes in Phlebotominae and Psychodinae are compared and discussed in relation to other Diptera. Cytogenetic evidence supports inclusion of the Psychodidae with the Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae and Chironomidae in the superfamily Culicoidea.
The genus Chaetastus Nunberg (Coleoptera: Platypodidae)
Authors: BROWNE F. G.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The African genus Chaetastus Nunberg (=Symmerus Chapuis nec Walker) is reviewed, and a key is given to the males and females of the five species now included, one of which is described as new from material taken in Uganda. Redescriptions are given of the other species, and their distribution and hosts are recorded. A note on their biology and economic importance is included.
The description of a new Aedes mosquito of the subgenus Skusea from the Seychelles
Authors: VAN SOMEREN E. C. C.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Descriptions are given of the male, female, pupa and larva of a new species of Aedes from the islands of the Seychelles, and notes on its habitat and behaviour are included.
New species of Anomalaphis Baker, 1920 and Neophyllaphis Takahashi, 1920 (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: CARVER MARY
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Descriptions are given of the apterous and alate viviparous morphs of a new species of Anomalaphis from Leptospermum in New South Wales, and of the apterous and alate viviparous and sexual morphs of a new species of Neopliyllaphis from Podocarpus elatzis in Queensland. The oviparae of Anomalaplzis comperei and Neophyllaphis araucariae are also described.
The species assigned to the genus Ceroplastodes (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in the Ethiopian Region
Authors: HODGSON C. J.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Redescriptions are given of the adult females of the five species of Ceroplustodes occurring in the Ethiopian region and a key for their separation is included. The larva of C. bituberculatus is redescribed.
Some American Austrolimnius (Coleoptera: Elmidae)
Authors: HINTON H. E.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

A key is given to the North American species of Austrolimnius, one of which is described as new. A new species from Venezuela is described, and new locality records in North and South America are listed for previously described species.
Origin of the tsetse flies: a new theory
Authors: POLLOCK J. N.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The relationship of Glossina to the Hippoboscidae and to a postulated ancestral Gasterophilid is discussed.
Some Iranian Acridoidea (Orthoptera)
Authors: DIRSH V. M. , MIRZAYAN H.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The hitherto unknown males of Paregnatius salavatiani, Paraconophyma pusilla, Wiltshirella fusiformis and Lyrotyloides viridis are described, and a new genus of Egnatiinae is erected for P. pusilla.
The Ectatommini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Ghana
Authors: LESTON DENNIS
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Three species of Ectatommini, one of which is described as new, are reported from Ghana. A key to workers of the Ghanaian species is included.
The Brunetti types of Tipulidae (Diptera) in the collection of the Zoological Survey of India: Part I, Holorusia Loew
Authors: JOSEPH A. N. T.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the eight species of Tipula Linnaeus, described by Brunetti, that fall under Holorusia Loew.
New species of Lygidolon Reuter (Hemiptera‐Heteroptera: Miridae) infesting wattle in South and East Africa
Authors: GHAURI M. S. K.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

A key is given to the seven species of Lygidolon now recognised, four of which are described as new. Lygus flavoscutellatus Lindberg is transferred to Lygidolon and given a new name.

Lygidolon Reuter Reuter, 1907: 14–15; type‐species, L. laevigatum
New species of the Ornithomya biloba‐group and records of other Hippoboscidae (Diptera) from Africa
Authors: HUTSON A. M.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Two new species of the Ornithomya biloba‐group are described, one from Kenya and the second from Madagascar, and a revised key to the African species of this group is given. Records of other African Hippoboscidae from birds are included.
New or little‐known species of exotic Tipulidae (Diptera). XVIII
Authors: ALEXANDER CHARLES P.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Eight new species of the Limoniine genus Antocha Osten Sacken are described, all from Kumaon and Assam, India.
A new megophthalmine leafhopper from Oregon, with notes on its biology and behaviour (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)*
Authors: OMAN PAUL
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

A new leafhopper species of the megophthalmine genus Tiaja Oman, found in the coastal dune community of north‐western North America, is described. An account is given of the biology and behaviour of the species.
Tropical fungus‐feeding Thysanoptera of the genus Macrophthalmo thrips
Authors: MOUND L. A.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The genus Macrophthalmothrips is redefined from a study of all the described species. One new species is described from Jamaica, five species are placed in synonymy, and a key is provided to the thirteen species now recognised. Variation in colour and antennal structure is discussed, and notes are given on the biology and distribution of the species.
Discovery of the bot fly collection of Bracy Clark, with designation of lectotypes in Cuterebra
Authors: SABROSKY CURTIS W.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The story of the discovery and evaluation of an old bot fly collection as the long lost Bracy Clark collection is recounted. Clark's publications and the specimens are collated in detail. The bot material is listed, and lectotypes are designated for four species of North American Cuterebra.
Two new British species of Halticoptera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae)
Authors: De GRAHAM M. W. R. V.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The female of a new species of Halticoptera is described from a single specimen from Britain, and the male and female of a second new species are described from material from Britain and Czechoslovakia. Halticop‐terina triannulata is recorded from Britain for the first time.
Two aberrant species of Holorusia Loew (Diptera: Tipulidae)
Authors: ALEXANDER C. P. , VANE‐WRIGHT R. I.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

A number of features of the two aberrant, sexually dimorphic, Asiatic crane‐flies Holorusia carmichaeli and H.pluto are described for the first time. The possible adaptive significance of abdominal modifications in H.carmichaeli is discussed.
Phlebotomus longipes Parrot & Martin (Diptera: Phlebotomidae) and a new related species
Authors: LEWIS D. J. , MUTINGA M. J. , ASHFORD R. W.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Hitherto it was considered that Phlebotomus longipes Parrot & Martin occurred in Ethiopia, Kenya and the Sudan and was the vector of Leish‐mania tropica (Wright) in Ethiopia and in one area of Kenya. Study of additional specimens indicates that those from Kenya, the Sudan and one area of Ethiopia represent a new species. Both species show local variation.
The Venezuelan species of Neoelmis (Coleoptera: Elmidae)
Authors: HINTON H. E.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Eight new species of Neoelmis from Venezuela are described, and a key is given to the species. N.pusio of Trinidad and Tobago is included in the key because it seems likely that it may occur in Venezuela.
Description of the larva of Siagona (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: MOORE B. P.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

The hitherto unknown larva of Siagona is described from a third instar specimen attributed to S.brunnipes Dejean. The unique features of this larva support the distinctiveness of the subfamily Siagoninae.
A revision of the genus Naroma (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)
Authors: BROOKES KATHLEEN H. SMILES (Nee
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

A key is given to the four species of Naroma now recognised. The species are redescribed and their distribution is listed. The early stages of N.varipes and N.signifera are described by D.G.Sevastopulo.
New or little‐known species of exotic Tipulidae (Diptera). XIX
Authors: ALEXANDER CHARLES P.
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSIS

Four new species of Antocha, one new species of Gonomyia, two new species of Trentepohlia and one new species of Erioptera are described from stations in Sikkim and Assam. Additional illustrations of previously described species of Antocha and Trentepohlia are included.