bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CBM Exploration Prospects Analysis in Northeastern Chian – In Jixi Basin as an Example
Authors: Wang Shi Hui , Xu Cheng Wu , Tan Bao De , Wang You Zhi , Li Jia
Published: August 2013

The northeast part of China has rich coal resources and many coal basins. It has good prospects for CBM exploration. By drilling data analysis, this article evaluates coal seam characteristics and predicts seam thickness and spatial distribution of Chengzhihe formation. Jixi Basin has wide coal distribution, high seam gas content, good capping conditions, through a comprehensive analysis of factors such as coal seam thickness, depth and degree of metamorphism. the south of Jixi Basin is a key exploration area for CBM exploration and development in the northeast part of China.
Characteristics Curve of Multicontact for CO2 Flood
Authors: Li Ju , Liao Chang Lin , Li Shi
Published: August 2013

Miscible and/or near miscible CO2 flood are among the most widely used enhanced oil recovery techniques. The successful design and implementation of a miscible gas injection project is dependent upon the accurate determination of MMP[1]-[9], the pressure above which the displacement process becomes multicontact miscible. This paper presents a method to get the characteristics curve of multicontact. The curve can illustrate the character in the Miscible and/or near miscible gas injection processes, based the curve, From the change of characteristics curve of multicontact ,we can known the type of the displacement, and the influence of injection gas to the MMP.
Influence Factors Analysis for the Next 20 Years of Chinese Copper Resources Demand
Authors: Li Ying , Wang An Jian , Chen Qi Shen , Liu Qun Yi
Published: August 2013

In order to analysis in the next 20 years, how many copper resources China has, when the peak demand peak comes, how great is the supply gap, and how to deal with that situation, this paper uses the authority of statistical data and material from the international copper research group, the world bureau of metal, growth and development center, the United States geological survey, China's national bureau of statistics, China nonferrous metals industry association, and in the system analysis of China's future economic and social development trend, to analyze the Chinese copper resources future demand, supply tendency, which has been clear about the China's future copper resources supply the challenge.
EOS - In the Analysis of Force Balance Conditions for the Formation of Deep Basin Gas
Authors: Fu Liang Tong , Fan Tai Liang , Qi Ren Li , Cao Zi Qiang
Published: August 2013

Deep basin gas, which is trapped deep in a basin, is a kind of unconventional natural gas. It is also one of the important unconventional gas resources. In the previous studies of the mechanism of deep basin gas accumulation, force balance and material balance are considered as essential conditions for the formation of deep basin gas reservoirs. However, the gravity of natural gas is not fully taken into account in the analysis of force balance. In this dissertation, the density of natural gas under the condition of underground temperature and pressure is calculated by using the EOS. The result shows that the density of natural gas cannot be neglected and the PR EOS is applicable to the analysis of the relationship between the volume of natural gas and the condition of underground temperature and pressure.
Estimation of CO2 Storage Capacity in Oil Reservoir after Waterflooding：Case Studies in Xinjiang Oilfield from West China
Authors: Zhao Xiao Liang , Liao Xin Wei , Wang Wan Fu , Chen Chang Zhao , Liao Chang Lin , Rui Zhen Hua
Published: August 2013

CO2 storage in oil reservoirs is an important method to reduce Greenhouse Gas Emission. It was proven to have a great CO2storage capacity and economic potentials via EOR by injecting CO2into oil reservoirs. In China, most oil reservoirs went through waterflooding, and have high water saturation at present. The storage capacity in these oil reservoirs can be estimated on base of material balance method which considers the volume of displaced water and oil, CO2 sweep efficiency, and CO2 solution in oil and water. Case studies of four reservoirs selected from Xinjiang oilfield in China are conducted, the theoretical storage capacity and effective storage capacity is estimated. The results show that oil reservoir can provide much larger storage capacity, and oil and water displacement and CO2dissolution in remaining oil and water are the main forms of CO2storage in oil reservoirs after waterflooding. It’s a great option to inject CO2 into these reservoirs to reduce Greenhouse Gas emission, and the detailed storage capacity is worth further studies.
Exploration Prospect of Low Rank Coalbed Methane Coal in Huhehu Depression Hailar Basin
Authors: Xu Cheng Wu
Published: August 2013

CBM resource in Huhehu depression Hailar Basin is large. Damoguai formaiton is the most favorable exploration coalbed methane target layer for top depth of 500-1200m, big coal seam thickness, low seam mineral content and high vitrinite by drilling, seismic and experimental data. Then cover character is evaluated and distribution is predicted. By analogy other low-level the CBM reservoir control factors, the south of depression is the most favorable area of CBM exploration for bigger coal thickness and better sealing conditions.
Minimum Gas Influx Calculation in Gas Drilling after Water Production Based on Absorption Characteristics of Rock
Authors: Bi Xue Liang , Zhang Yun Nan , Yan Yu Liang
Published: August 2013

In gas drilling, hole-cleaning problem is serious due to formation water production when water layer drilled. Drill pipe sticking will affect seriously and drilling work cannot carry out. Therefore, formation water production is the most serious case. In this paper, we research that if formation water production is small, there are two migration model in annulus considering water absorption characteristics of cuttings when formation water production is greater than water absorption. One situation is the migration occurs under the condition that cuttings completely absorb the formation water. Another is cuttings and pure liquid migrate in the form of liquid droplet at the same time when cuttings do not completely absorb formation water. By using the minimum kinetic energy method, we consider the effects of gas influx under the two conditions and find that in most cases liquid carrying need more minimal gas influx than cuttings carrying. When formation water production is small in drilling work, increasing the amount of gas injection should used in order to ensure gas drilling safely and smoothly.
Optimization of Polymer Injection Program for Second-Class Oil-Bearing Layer
Authors: Song Li Yang , Zhang Ling Zhi , Yang Hao , Zhang Ji Cheng
Published: August 2013

This paper, taking cumulative incremental oil production per unit thickness as evaluation index through variance analysis method, optimizes the injection rate and concentration of types of well groups with polymer flooding in the second-class oil-bearing layer of Daqing oilfield. The results show that for the ontocline and poorly communicated well groups, the optimal injection rate ranges from 0.10 to 0.15 PV/a and the optimal concentration ranges from 800 to 950 mg/L; for the supermature but poorly communicated well groups, the optimal injection rate ranges from 0.10 to 0.15 PV/a and the optimal concentration should be over 1200 mg/L; for the ontocline but well communicated well groups, the optimal injection rate ranges from 0.15 to 0.20 PV/a and the optimal concentration ranges from 850 to 950 mg/L; for the supermature and well communicated well groups, the optimal injection rate should be over 0.20 PV/a and the optimal concentration should be over 1100 mg/L.
Optimization of the Injection Rate of Well Group Water Injection Using BP Neural Network Method
Authors: Jia Yun Lin , Xu Jin Cheng
Published: August 2013

This page considers split methods on well group water injection rate researched by predecessors. So the dividing coefficient is introduced in determining the proper well group water injection. Based on considering all factors that affect the well group water injection, it analyzed the factors that were considered in the course of determining well group split coefficient. It adopted BP neural network method to determine well group split coefficient. Choosing the development data of one year, it established the neural network model about split coefficient and other values to determine well group split coefficient. Then it obtained the single well water injection rate.
Influencing Factors of Chinese Aluminium Resources Demand in the Next 20 Years
Authors: Li Ying , Wang An Jian , Chen Qi Shen , Liu Qun Yi
Published: August 2013

This paper analyzed the development path of the major aluminum consumption department, such as construction, machinery manufacturing, transportation and so on, to discern its future trend along with its effects on aluminum consumption. With the experiences from developed countries, this paper dissected Chinas aluminum comsumption intensity and substitution effect. This article also pointed out that the influencing factors will keep on developing, which will promote Chinas aluminum consumption growth.
Petroleum Exploration Potential of Xisha Trough Basin in SCS
Authors: Zhong Guang Jian , Liu Da Meng , Tu Guang Hong
Published: August 2013

Nowadays oil-gas exploration make a great contribution to the world oil-gas reserve increase. A series of deepwater passive continental margin basins are found in Northern Continental Slope of South China Sea. These basins consisted of thick Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary strata with the characteristics of the major world deepwater oil-gas basins. As one of Cenozoic sedimentary basins in deepwater area of Northern Slope of South China Sea, Xisha Trough Basin developed 1500-8000m thick sedimentary strata, which are north-south zoning characteristics of thicker in the center and thinner both in the north and south sides of basin. In its evolutionary history there are two stages: One is Paleocene-Oligocene Rift with Continental River-Lake Facies sedimentary and the other is Miocene-Quaternary Depression with shallow sea-hemiplegic sedimentary. It has good petroleum geological conditions that source rocks consist of lacustrine mudstones, paralic mudstone, and marine mudstone, Tertiary high porosity and permeability deepwater fan reservoirs are the main reservoir, and structural traps and lithologic traps developed. In a word, it has good oil-gas exploration potential.
Research of Retarded Acid Formula System of Qijiabei Oil Field
Authors: Zhang Yi Bo , Cao Guang Sheng , Cheng Shao Wei
Published: August 2013

In order to overcome the disadvantages of rapid acid-rock reaction rate, short penetration distance, and poor acidification results exist in the process of traditional acidification in Qijiabei oil field, this paper has developed research on retarded acidification technique and optimized its formula and injection parameters. With the operations of complex formulation, screening and optimization among main agent, scale-froming ion inhibitor, permeability-increasing agent、clay stabilizer、corrosion inhibitor、retardant, a kind of retarded unplugging formula with good combination property suits for environment of high temperature has been developed. According to research, this developed formula system has permeability improving rate of 20.5% on natural core, suggest good characteristics of corrosion inhibition, retardation and permeability increasing.
Research Status of Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) Technology
Authors: Liu Hao , Li Xiu Luan
Published: August 2013

The exploitation of heavy oil and bitumen attracts more and more attention. Compared with normal light oil, heavy oil is of characteristics as high viscosity, low mobility and difficult for exploitation as a result of higher requirement of mining. The developing mechanism and process of SAGD is introduced in this paper. Some front technologies on the basis of SAGD are described about their application prospect as well. It is also summarized about SAGD development together with implementation in the field through detailed investigation of SAGD technology from home and abroad. Meanwhile, the main problems of SAGD facing to researchers are also summarized as well as the presentation of the corresponding improvement measures.
Study on Influence of Injection Method on the Effect of Oil Displacement of Nanometer Microspheres
Authors: Zhang Ji Hong , Zhang Zhi Ming , Chen Xi Ling , He Qing Bin , Li Jin Feng
Published: August 2013

Nanometer microspheres injection is a new deep profile control technology. Nanometer microspheres could inflate with water, resulting in plugging step by step in reservoirs, which could improve the swept efficiency in the reservoir and enhance oil recovery. By using non-homogeneous rectangular core, oil displacement efficiency experiment was conducted for studying the influence of different injection methods on the effect of injection nanometer microspheres. The experimental result shows that, compared with development effect of single-slug injection or triple-slug injection, the one of double-slug injection is better. Nanometer microspheres can enhance oil recovery significantly in medium and low permeability reservoir.
Study on the Dynamic Control Chart of Pumping Wells
Authors: Zhu Jing Guang
Published: August 2013

In order to improve the pump efficiency of pumping wells, by means of the basic formula of pump efficiency, the mathematical model and boundary conditions of dynamic control chart is obtained, and the pump efficiency of pumping wells is drawn. Analysis shown that the pump efficiency is sensitive to the water content and pump leak rate. The higher the water content is, the higher pump efficiency is. The pump efficiency will be reduced with the increasing of pump leak rate. The dynamic control chart of class II block of A oilfield is given in the paper. After taking the measures, the pump efficiency of pumping wells is obviously improved. The dynamic control chart drawn by this method can provide a scientific basis for improving the pump efficiency of pumping wells in oilfield.
The Current Situation and Prospects of Development of Low Permeability Oil Reservoir
Authors: Cong Lin , Li Wen Long , Lei Jing Chao , Li Ru Bin
Published: August 2013

Internationally the research of low permeability oil reservoir is a difficult point in the exploration and development of oil and gas field. This thesis, based on the research methods of low permeability reservoirs at home and abroad, summaries several major problems encountered in the process of low permeability oil exploration and development under the current technical conditions as well as the corresponding, but more effective technical measures that need to be constantly improved. And that exploration and development of low permeability of the reservoir will be the main battle field for some time in the future of oil exploration and development.
The Effect of Following Water after Polymer Flooding on the Displacement Efficiency with Alternately Injecting Slug of Gel and Polymer/Surfactant
Authors: Zhang Ji Hong , Wang Yu , Chen Xi Ling , Qu Zi Wei , Qin Dong Ke
Published: August 2013

Aiming at the development of remaining oil after polymer flooding, the author develops an oil displacement technology, alternately injecting the slug of the gel and polymer/surfactant compound system, which can advanced improve the remained oil after polymer flooding. By using the artificial large flat-panel model, the oil displacement experiments are carried on to study the injection characteristics and the displacement efficiency of the alternately injecting the slug of gel and polymer/surfactant compound system, and whether the following water should be injected after polymer flooding has been discussed. The experimental results show that, the recovery of alternately injecting the gel and polymer/surfactant slug after polymer flooding could enhance recovery more than 10% on the basis of polymer flooding, the following water after polymer flooding has a little impact on the final recovery but increasing time and the difficulty of development. Therefore, these results provide the technology that alternately injecting the slug of the gel and polymer/surfactant could advance develop the residual oil and enhance the recovery after polymer flooding.
A Method of Spatial Analysis of Fault Structure Based on 3D GIS
Authors: Wang Xing Zhen , Yan Jia Ping
Published: August 2013

3D GIS is a useful modeling tool, which can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of the geological modeling, meet the requirements of modeling in complicated geological area. A typical 3D geological model is composed of one or a plurality of stratum, structure, fault etc. In this paper, we divide geological body into blocks, determinate each levels block boundary, build single block model, couple them up in 3D space. Combining with variation characteristics of 3D geological body, by manual interpretation or second derivative method, we get their distribution characteristics of fault unconfirmed by drilling. Through 3D GIS visualization and space analysis, we can not only be facilitate to manage drilling data and visualize underground geological body, but also analyze fault characteristics from a real angle, confirm their boundary, get ore body distribution characteristics, and provide credible digital model for ore grade analysis.
The Prediction of Scaling Time in Producing Wells of ASP Flooding in the Fourth Plant of Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Dang Qing Gong , Bian Ji Ping , Cheng Hui Ling
Published: August 2013

After used technology of the ASP flooding in the fourth plant of Daqing oilfield, the problem of scaling becomes serious in oil wells. The scale samples do not dissolve to acid or alkali, and it difficult to be treated with regular method, so it has influenced the normal proceeding of well production. For solving this phenomenon, the displacement experiment was proceeded to simulate the site actual oil production conditions by using the high pressure physical simulation tests. By measurement of variation law of permeability in the process of ASP flooding and pH value in produced liquid along with time, the paper predicted the starting time and duration of scaling during oil well production. And rationality of the prediction results was verified by using the local test results. Finally the prediction formulas of scaling time which the oil wells with different spacing in ASP flooding were summarized.
Comparison of Gas Content Evaluation Methods in the Log Interpretation of Coalbed Methane
Authors: Hou Jie , Zou Chang Chun , Huang Zhao Hui , Xiao Liang
Published: August 2013

In the log interpretation, the CBM content evaluation methods include: regression, LAN’s equation, KIM method, neural network, and so on. This paper investigates the suitability of these methods for a CBM reservoir in Southern Qinshui Basin, Shanxi Province of China, and finds out the most reasonable interpretation model of CBM content in this area. The results show that the composite parameter(COMP) method and the LAN’s equation method are more suitable for evaluating the CBM content in this study area, while the other methods are not.
Joule-Thomson Effect on Heat Transfer in CO2 Injection Wellbore
Authors: Zhang Yi , Hu Cheng , Song Yong Chen
Published: August 2013

Ramey model is a classical wellbore heat transfer model. However Ramey model did not consider Joule-Thomson effect. In this paper, Ramey model is improved by considering Joule-Thomson effect. The results show that Joule-Thomson effect will cause fluid temperature higher due to a positive Joule-Thomson coefficient and pressure rise. Injection temperature has little effect on fluid temperature. Fluid pressure is influenced by fluid viscidity. Higher injection pressure leads to faster pressure increasing speed.
Numerical Simulation of Stimulated Volume in Low-Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Liu Zhen Yu , Cai Tian Tian , Wang Hu Zhen , Zhang Cheng Yu
Published: August 2013

There is an increasing focus on the effective methods to develop low-permeability reservoirs, especially for ultra-low permeability reservoirs. It is hard to achieve the expected stimulation effect only on the traditional single fracturing, because of the poor supply ability from the matrix to fracture in low-permeability reservoirs. Volume stimulating to reservoir, achieving short distance from matrix to fracture because of producing fracture network. So the volume fracturing technology proposed for increasing oil or gas production, this technology is suitable for low porosity and low permeability reservoir. The conventional simulation method can't describe the complex fracture network accurately,but this paper established hydraulic fracturing complex fracture model based on the finite element numerical simulation method , making the simulated complex fracture more close to the real description,it can accurately describe the flow state in the reservoir and cracks.It has an important reference value to the low permeability reservoirs.
Oil Containment by Floating Boom under Wave-Current Coupling Condition II: Containment Failure
Authors: Zheng Qing Gong , Feng Xing , Wu Wan Qing
Published: August 2013

The numerical experimental platform of oil containment by floating boom under combined wave and current conditions was presented in a companion paper. The present paper focuses on the application of the platform that numerically predicts the relationship between oil containment failure velocity and wave parameters, oil parameters and boom drafts. The effects of oil density and wave parameters on oil containment failure velocity receive particular attention, and the influence of other parameters such as initial oil volume and boom draft are also quantified.
Research on Coupled Flow in Deformation Medium Reservoir with Cave
Authors: Yang Lei , Lin Hong
Published: August 2013

For the geological features of deformation medium reservoir containing cave, both Darcy seepage process in deformation medium reservoir and Navier-Stokes free flow process in cave are considered. Researching seepage flow in reservoir and free flow in cave as a whole through coupled conditions on the interface, the mathematical model of the coupled flow in the deformation medium reservoir with cave is established. For the flow characteristic of Darcy seepage and Navier-Stokes free flow, the coupling simulation is completed through balance condition of flux and pressure on the interface. The numerical solution is gained, and the chart of pressure and saturation distribution is drawn. The dynamic variation of pressure and saturation is discussed, which could describe dynamic characteristics of the coupled flow in the deformation medium reservoir with cave.
Research on Residual Oil Distribution Regular of Steam Flooding after Polymer Flooding
Authors: Shi Shang Ming , Wei Hua Bin , Li Bo , Lou Hong , Huo Dong Kai
Published: August 2013

The study on distribution laws of remaining oil in high water cut stage is the difficulty of oil field development in the mid-to late period. Aiming at the long development time of Western Bei 2 area of Saertu oilfield in Daqing Oilfield and its complicated well history conditions undergone water flooding, polymer flooding and steam flooding, the 3D geological static model has been established in this test area based on the study on its structure characteristics and sedimentary features. By applying the method of fine reservoir numerical simulation, the paper completes the numerical simulation of remaining oil in the test area and summarizes types of remaining oil as well as their distribution laws in the test area, which provides a reliable basis for the further deployment and adjustment measures in the oilfield.
Research on Result Prediction of Coal-Bed Gas Wells Fracturing by Using Expert System
Authors: Ai Chi , Hu Chao Yang , Li Yu Wei , Wang Feng Jiao
Published: August 2013

Hydraulic fracturing is the main method to increase the output of coal-bed methane wells, however, the hydraulic fracturing result of coal-bed methane well is usually affected by large number of factors such as the conditions of coal-bed, the conditions of coal-bed methane well, fracturing operation parameters and so on. As a result, the fracturing operation result is difficult to predict. This paper assumed coal seam thickness, the depth of coal seam, coal seam gas content and other six main factors which affect hydraulic fracturing results by analysis various factors. Membership function of the expert system was established to divide the level of each factor. The established method which applies the expert system to predict the hydraulic fracturing results of coal-bed methane wells was based on expert database. Using the established expert system to calculate 200 groups of test data and the prediction error rate is only 3.5%. The prediction results are accurate and reliable, and can provide guidance for coal-bed methane wells fracturing optimization.
Research on the Control Method of High Power APF for Oil Drilling Rig
Authors: Jiang Neng Qian , Zhu Ming Hua , Xie Yi Feng
Published: August 2013

The wide use of oil drilling rig brings nominated economic profits for oil drilling industry. However, it will bring about great quantities of harmonic current to the grid, lowering the power quality and reliability of the power grid. Meanwhile, harmonic currents will have a deteriorated influence to surrounding electrical equipment and grid. This paper studies the distribution characteristics of the harmonic current in the oil industry and puts forward a control strategy aiming for improving stability and reliability of the power supply system. This paper also proposes an algorithm for detecting harmonic current based on time domain transformation and control strategy based on two cascade (voltage and current) control loop. Experiment and simulation results validate the proposed control strategy.
Study on CO2 Injection for Enhancing the Oil Recovery at Gao89 Block in Shengli Oilfield
Authors: Shi Song Lin , Kang Jian , Li Meng
Published: August 2013

Gao 89 Block is a low permeability oil reservoir. These reservoirs have difficulty in water injection, poor well condition, and low original production. Gas injection can solve this problem. It is the most efficient recovery method for low-permeability reservoirs at home and abroad. In accordance with the geological features and development actuality of Gao89 Block, the feasibility and optimization of gas injection are studied, the effect of gas injection on the development index and development results are demonstrated. The results indicate that the gas injection can dramatically enhance oil recovery and increase the oil production.
Research on the Natural Gas Enrichment Regularity of Es1 Layer in Yangxin Subsag of Jiyang Depression
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Wen Tao , Gan Zhi Hong
Published: August 2013

Natural gas resource of Es1 layer in Yangxin subsag is very abundant. Natural gas formation, enrichment conditions and regularity are analyzed in this paper. Geochemistry analysis shows that natural gas resource of Es1 layer in Yangxin subsag belongs to biological origin gas. The sedimentary environment, ground temperature, gas source rock and preservation condition of the study area is advantageous, which provide a guarantee for natural gas generation and preservation. Research shows that natural gas enrichment in the lower part of Es1 layer because of limestone reservoir development, and on the horizontal direction natural gas is mainly enrichment in the eastern nose structure zone and southern slope zone. The both zones are the preferred zone for natural gas exploration in the study area.
The Application of Seismic Sedimentology in Prediction of Channel Sand in Pu I Formation, Gaotaizi Oilfield
Authors: Li Ting Ting , Wang Zhao , Ma Shi Zhong , Wang Zhao
Published: August 2013

Pu I formation in Gaotaizi oilfield mainly developed delta distributary channels. The sand body is narrow and has a complex superimposition in vertical, which caused the sand body hard to forecast. To solve this problem the method of seismic sedimentology was applied to building high frequency stratigraphic framework and extracting high-precision stratal slice. The technique of 90-degree phasing conversion and multi-attribute comprehensive analysis to the channel sand was also performed. At last Pu I formation in Gaotaizi Oilfield is divided into fifteen fifth-order sequences. The attributes of Rms amplitude and Arc length are considered as the best attribute to reflect the characteristics of the channel sand in study area. By a multiple linear regression to the attributes, the prediction accuracy between wells is improved from 61% to 78%.
The Research for Delaying the Bottom Water Coning in Horizontal Wells Application Balance Screen Pipe
Authors: Shan Wu Yi , Zhang Xue
Published: August 2013

When horizontal wells are used to exploit reservoir with bottom water, oil wells water breakthrough prematurely due to water coning, water-free oil recovery is reduced. The reason of the formation of horizontal well water cone is analyzed. Then analysis of the mechanism using balanced screen pipe to inhibit bottom water coning in horizontal well is completed. According to the existing screen pipe size, screen configuration is optimized. Horizontal section pressure distribution is controlled by the balanced screen pipe, and then flow of horizontal well sections is adjusted. Bottom water coning speed of all well sections is controlled. An example is calculated by the software which established and the result shows that optimization method can improve water-free oil recovery.
The Research on Steering Fracture Numerical Simulation
Authors: Liu Zhen Yu , Yao Li Hong , Wang Hu Zhen , Ye Cui Cui
Published: August 2013

The fractures after artificial steering fracturing appear in shades of curved surface. Aiming at the problem of steering fracture, in the paper, numerical simulation method under the condition of three-dimensional two-phase flow is presented based on finite element method. In this method, of steering fracture was achieved by adopting surface elements fractures and tetrahedron elements to describe formation. By numerical simulation, the change rule of oil and water production performance of steering fractures can be calculated, and then the steering fracture parameters can be optimized before fracturing. A new method was supplied for the numerical simulation of artificial fractured well.
The Study of the Start and Stop Cycle of the Gathering and Transportation by Electrical Heating
Authors: He Feng Yun , Gao Yan Ru , Chen Si
Published: August 2013

The gathering and transportation technology on electrical heating is one of major ways of the gathering and transportation for low permeability and low-yielding oil field, this paper has set up the physical model and mathematical model of the gathering and transportation that is controlled by time. By solving the model, we can determine the start and stop cycle of the gathering and transporting pipelines and dendriform net by electrical heating. And we also have conducted field test, the experiment turns out that the error of the result which is calculated by model compared with actual operational result is less than 1%, the phenomenon meets the requirements of production, the results can be used to determine the start and stop cycle of the gathering and transportation by electrical heating in the process of production.
Effects of Ce or Nb Addition on Nucleation of Pearlite in High Carbon Steel
Authors: Liang Yu , Shi Zhi Yi , Liang Yi Long
Published: August 2013

The high-carbon steel was micro-alloying by Ce and Nb respectively, and the effect of micro-alloying on the nucleation of pearlite was reported in the present work. The results show that the pearlite could nucleate in rare earth sulfide inclusions and Nb-containing precipitates. The formation of NbC caused the C-depleted zone, promote the formation of proeutectoid ferrite of the pearlite. And the strain energy caused by rare earth sulfide inclusions will provide activation energies for pearlitic transformation. The inclusion and precipitates will increase the rate of nucleation of pearlite and refined the microstructures of pearlitic steel.
Preparation of Alumina from Fly Ash by Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Lv Ying Lu , Chen Chao Yi , Mao Zhi Hui
Published: August 2013

Extraction metallurgy level alumina from fly ash through high-pressure leaching, removing iron, crystallizing and roasting processes were considered. The optimum conditions of high-pressure leaching, removing iron and roasting processes were obtained by experiments. The leaching rate of Al2O3 can reach 93.1% and the purity of Al2O3 product can reach above 98% under these conditions. The iron content in Al2(SO4)3 solution can decrease from 1.21% to 0.10% when fly ash as alkaline agents.
A Critical Assessment of the Sustainability Performance of a Typical Mega City in China - A Case Study of Jinan
Authors: Sun Ming Xing , Wang Yu Tao , Zhang Shu Ping , Wang Ren Qing
Published: August 2013

This paper, based on the strong sustainable principles, is derived from Jinan Citys statistics yearbook and statistical bulletin materials. The author constructed the environmental indicator system and socioeconomic indicator system respectively with the help of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and calculated Jinan Citys sustainability indices for 2003-2010. The results show that the environmental sustainable development level in Jinan city was average in 2003-2005 and 2007; however, in 2006, 2008-2010 it achieved a high level. The socioeconomic sustainable development level in Jinan City was high in 2003-2007, and was very high in 2008-2010. The results of the analyses suggest that Jinan City should improve its air quality and strengthen its environmental investment. It is also urgent that Jinan improve citizens livelihood, especially for housing and pension insurance projects.
Discussion on the Characters and Problems of the Slow Traffic System for the Technological Development Zone
Authors: Li Yun , Feng Yuan Yuan , Zhang Sheng Rui
Published: August 2013

The traffic characters and conflicts are analyzed on the basis of including features of various kinds of traffic modes for the technological development zone. The investigation results reflects that travel time concentrated distribution and commuting is the mainly travel purpose. The proportion of slow traffic is more than 50% in the peak hours. The conflicts to the slow traffic mainly caused by public traffic and motor vehicle. Ignoring the slow traffic management, the lack of public participation and citizens do not satisfied the slow traffic environment and are the main problems for the slow system of technological development zone. Additionally, the strategies and contents of planning and design for slow traffic are suggested, which have good practical significance.
Study on the Number of Berths of Road-Side Bus Stop
Authors: Zhao Shan Shan , Zhu Xiao Ning
Published: August 2013

The paper introduces two methods of designing the number of berths of road-side bus stop, queue theory and regression analysis theory. Take Beijing Weigongcun bus stop as an example. On one hand, use queue theory to calculate service index to get reasonable number of berths considering the vehicle arrival disciplinarian. On the other hand, use linear and non-liner regressive analysis to calculate reasonable number of berths though analysing the 4 independent factors, which influence the parking capability of bus stop. At last, contrastively analyze the two methods on advantages, disadvantages and applicable conditions in connection with practice to make up for the comparison research field.
Research on the Real Options in Investment Decision of Waterway Infrastructure Construction
Authors: Jin Wei
Published: August 2013

Developing the waterway infrastructure construction can improve the efficiency of energy utilization, reduce the energy consumption intensity and carbon dioxide emissions. Till the year 2020, China plan to complete 19,000 kilometers high grade channel. Construction of water infrastructure construction requires a large capital investment. However, the main financial source of funding the construction of transportation infrastructure at present in China is special financial allocation of the government. The unitary financing structure as well as the funding pressure has leaded to some serious financing problems. This paper applied the real options theory to the waterway infrastructure construction financing, analyzed the limitations of the NPV method and the advantages of real option method in investment decision of waterway infrastructure construction, and took an example to show its feasibility.
Study on Development Pattern of Public Transportation in Fuzhou City
Authors: He Ai Xia
Published: August 2013

According to statistical data of Fuzhou City, using Delphi method and weight method, we established decision matrix of urban public transportation development mode and estimated the urban public transportation development mode. The result show that bus rapid transit system is the optimal public transportation mode for Fuzhou city, followed by conventional public transport system, then, for light rail system. And that bus rapid transit system matching with urban passenger transportation is good in Fuzhou city
Study on Urban Emergency Event Forecast - Taking Urban Traffic Accident in China as Example
Authors: Lu Di , Wang Yao Wu , Niu Xiang Fei
Published: August 2013

In China, with the accelerated urbanization and the rapid growth of urban population, potential urban emergency risk factors gradually increased. Therefore, how to forecast the urban emergency events seems to be important. This study elaborated the mechanism of catastrophe theory and grey forecast method, established the grey cusp catastrophe model according to further research. An empirical analysis on Chinese urban traffic accident forecast was made by this model through four indicators: the number of occurrences, the number of deaths, the number of people injured and direct economic losses. By operating the model with data from 2002 to 2006, the accuracy is verified. Based on data from 2002 to 2011, the model result shows that the next traffic accident occurrence catastrophe will occur in 2015-2016, the next death number catastrophe will occur in 2012-2013, the next injured number catastrophe will occur in 2018-2019, the next direct economic loss catastrophe will occur in 2014-2015.
The Research on Local Transport of Goods which by the Means of City Subway
Authors: Wang Lian Sheng , Deng Qing Ming
Published: August 2013

With the rapid development of economy, the popularity of e-commerce platform and the people's growing material needs, urban goods traffic has increased significantly in recent years. Motor vehicle as urban transport, due to its disadvantages, such as the high price and long time-consuming, is difficult to serve as the backbone. Therefore, developing a new way of urban transport is very essential. City subway in china is a flourishing industry. If we can combine the subway and local transport organically, and develop an energy-saving, environmental protection, safety and efficient way of local logistics, technical innovation in logistics industry is in store. This paper is the exploration on this idea.
A Review of Influential Factors and Evaluation Models of Energy Efficiency in China
Authors: Wang Bin , Wu Chun You
Published: August 2013

With a review of literature on influential factors and evaluation models of energy efficiency in China, the research identified industry structure, technology, and energy consumption structure as major factors having effects on energy efficiency. The research discovered that industry structure was the leading factor contributing to energy efficiency, and there was no agreement on how and to what extent the industry structure impacts energy efficiency. Researches also indicated that the improvement of energy consumption structure enhanced energy efficiency. Technology innovation generally improved energy efficiency, but the effect may fluctuate over time. Latest studies tend to apply total-factor analysis incorporating more factors into inputs and outputs when measuring energy efficiency. A review indicated that DEA models were more practical technique when addressing total-factor energy efficiency.
Comprehensive Use of Renewable Energy in Building
Authors: Li Li Ping , Fan Shuai
Published: August 2013

The envelope of traditional buildings have been so far designed and constructed only to protect the building from damage of sun, wind, snow, rain, and so on. There have been much direct and indirect renewable energy wasted. The key points of the new idea are that well make the envelope become a multi-function element, besides doing usual function it can provide the following functions: 1) collecting solar energy for heating for the buildings;2) catching wind for natural air conditioning ;3) planting on roof, wall and in window to provide beautiful color, sweet smell and helpful conditions for peoples psychology and physiology. This paper will abstractly explain our researches in this field.
Conflict of Coal and Electricity Price's Impact on National Economic Development
Authors: Deng An Peng , Deng Yi Xuan
Published: August 2013

Since the electricity coal prices in China liberalizing, the negotiation between coal enterprises and electricity enterprises is often an impasse on the annual coal ordering meeting, which causes "the conflict of coal". The two sides each sticks to his argument on coal prices without mutual concessions, and eventually broken the deadlock by the government to step in price negotiations, or the two sides finally signed contract in few number, even amount of priceless. Coal and power are seen as important energy of our country, the standoff relation between coal and electricity will affect the entire national economy development. Under this background, what the conflict of coal and electricity prices impact will make on national economic development has become a problem that worth exploring.
Multi-Objective Evaluation Method of Thermal Power Enterprise Cost Effective Research
Authors: Li Ze Hong , Chen Meng Zhu
Published: August 2013

This paper starts from the characteristics of the cost benefit of the thermal power enterprises, Respectively from economic benefits, environmental benefits, social benefits three aspects to establish index system and to evaluate its cost efficiency, by comparing various kinds of multi-objective evaluation method, select the AHP method to determine weights, and select sort with Electre method.
Analysis of Social Total Cost of Thermal Power and Nuclear Power
Authors: Li Ze Hong , Chen Meng Zhu
Published: August 2013

Through the expert investigation method and the analytic hierarchy process, analysis and research of the total social cost of nuclear power and thermal power. The results showed that: although the thermal power generation cost is lower than the cost of nuclear power, but the society cost is much higher than that of nuclear power. As a clean and new energy, the development of nuclear power solve the shortage of primary energy, at the same time put up new ideas to optimize the energy structure and solve the problems of environmental pollution.
Applying ARIMA and Fuzzy Logic to Predict the Electricity Spare Parts Demand
Authors: Cao Yu Kun , Li Yun Feng
Published: August 2013

With the development of power industry and the growth of high-voltage power equipments in electric power company, the supply and management of spare parts are becoming more complexity and onerous. This investigation proposed a hybrid method to effectively predict the requirements of electric spare parts utilizing fuzzy logic and ARIMA so as to provide as a reference of spare parts control. The forecasting methods are tested in an empirical, comparative study for an electric power company of China. The results show that the approach is one of the most accurate methods.
Renewable Power Generation Management: Case Study – Nakhonratchasima Province, Thailand
Authors: Meehom Sureeporn , Iaprasert Wipanan , Kulworawanichpong Thanatchai
Published: August 2013

Electricity is a pre-requisite for technological progress and economy growth. Thailand has been facing an electric energy crisis in inadequate electricity generation capacity compared with the demand. It is essential to replace the conventional energy (e.g. fossil fuels) with renewable energy resources, particularly biomass that can play a major role to meet the electricity demand. A modified deming PDCA management has been proposed for power generation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the future electricity consumption as well as to explore the current state of renewable energy potential in Nakhonratchasima Province, Thailand. The results show an electricity energy potential of from agricultural residues, livestock manure and solar energy resources. It is indicated that each these resources can supply the electricity demand excesses. The selection of renewable power generation is mainly driven by the installation cost and the availability of renewable energy resources. The power plant from livestock manures resources is found to be the most promising because its power plant installation requires lower investment in this study.
Spatial Pattern Evolution of Coal Consumption at Provincial Level in China
Authors: She Kai Yong , Chen Wen Jun
Published: August 2013

Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis was used to analyze the evolvement of spatia1 pattern on coal consumption in China since 2002. General spatial autocorrelation of coal consumption in 31 provinces of China was analyzed by Morans I and Getis-Ord General G. Getis-0rd Gi* was used to test the local spatial dependence, identifying the spatial distribution of hot spots and cold spots. The results show that coal consumption per capita of 31 provinces in China exhibits an enhanced trend of spatial autocorrelation. The areas with similar level of coal consumption are clustered in space. The coal consumption activity can be affected by the neighborhoods and their own regions. Hotspot areas are mainly concentrated in North and Northeast China and continuously increase with time, coldspot areas are mainly concentrated in South China and constantly decrease by time. So government needs to consider the spatial interaction mechanism of coal consumption when establishing the energy management policy.
Study on the Mechanism for Profit Distribution in Energy Supply Chain
Authors: Song Qiao Na
Published: August 2013

Energy supply chain management is a new management concept in the field of energy management, while profit distribution is considered as the key issue present in the various entities of the energy supply chain. In this paper, a Stackelberg-type manufacturer-vendor-consumer profit distribution game model was constructed. Furthermore, by adopting income-sharing contract as the instrument to measure profit distribution, the profit distribution equilibrium between energy-distributor-dominant and the energy generation-dominant supply chains were studied in this paper. By doing so, a theoretical conclusion was drafted that the dominant enterprises in the sector gained access to more profit through the biased policy privilege that granted to them for many years; and the income distribution factors of these dominant enterprise ensured a maximized profit for the entire energy supply chain. Finally, the correctness of the concluded result was verified through calculations on the numerical examples.
Analysis about CO2 Emissions Related to Household Consumption
Authors: Li Shu Lin , Qi Zhong Ying , Yang Zun Liang
Published: August 2013

Though analyzing the environmental impacts of household consumption has been well studied, little attention has been paid to a few basic questions. Compared to the CO2 emissions related to the productive process, we discuss the characteristics of the emissions related to household consumption. Extending the household metabolism model to open economy, we divide the emissions related to household consumption into three categories: direct and indirect emissions; domestic and imported emissions; autonomous and induced emissions. Then we build the estimative formulas respectively.