Optimum Material Removal in Electrical Discharge Machining through Advanced Control Integration of PSoC Microcontroller
Authors:   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia, Yahya Azli ,   IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Institute of Human Centered Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, Mat Sidek Abd Rahim ,   Mindmatics Sdn. Bhd, Swee Tan Tian ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia,   IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Institute of Human Centered Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, Sheikh Jahanzeb ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan, Thye Matthias Tiong Foh ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia, Meng Leong Kah ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia, Che Abdullah Mohd Azahar ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia, Pusppanathan Jaysuman ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia, Saidin Syafiqah ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia,   IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Institute of Human Centered Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, Nugroho Bentantya ,   Mindmatics Sdn. Bhd, Idris Norhalimah ,   Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is an advanced non-traditional method for precision material removal using repeated electrical discharges. Itutilizes a programmable tool electrode to intricately shape designs. Existing research has highlighted that current EDM control systems are often intricate, sluggish, and costly. In addressing these limitations, there is a notable opportunity to enhance the design of an advanced EDM control system, that is both sophisticated and cost-effective. Therefore, the authors proposed an integration of a pulse generator, control system, timer, and flushing system using a Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC) microcontroller to regulate the gap between an electrode a workpiece, flushing system, and the overall EDM machining process. The pulse generator algorithm was developed to effi ciently manage T<sub>on</sub> and T<sub>off</sub>, while the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) algorithm was employed to uphold the gap between the electrode and the workpiece. Additionally, the timer algorithm was closely associated with the machining process timing. Activation of the second servo pump at 80% of machining was implemented to enhance the flushing pressure rate. The EDM-PSoC system was utilized with the experiment conduction at three different current settings (2A, 4A, and 6A) over five periods, and results were compared with the EDM-Existing system. The experimental outcomes revealed a notable increase in Material Removal Rate (MRR),averaging 0.1348 mm<sup>3</sup>/min at 6A. Furthermore, the EDM-PSoC system demonstrated high consistency in each repetition experiment conducted at lower currents, achieving MRRs of 0.0142 mm<sup>3</sup>/min at 2A and 0.0560 mm<sup>3</sup>/min at 4A. Comparatively, the EDM-PSoC system improved the average MRR by 49% compared to the traditional EDM-Existing system. The depth of the machined workpiece produced by the EDM-PSoC system was deeper than the EDM-Existing system at equivalent time settings. Consequently, the findings indicate that the EDM-PSoC system achieved a higher MRR relative to the conventional EDM procedure, thus improving significantly the system efficiency.