bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN KULIT KAPUK SEBAGAI SUMBER BASA DALAM PEMBUATAN SABUN LUNAK TRANSPARAN
Authors: Kurniasih Eka
Published: May 2019

Sabun transaparan atau juga disebut juga sabun gliserin adalah jenis sabun mandi yang dapat menghasilkan busa lebih lembut di kulit dan penampakannya berkilau jika dibandingkan dengan jenis sabun yang lain. Proses yang digunakan dalam pembuatan ekstrak basa yaitu dengan membakar kulit kapuk, kemudian abu kulit kapuk direndam dalam air dengan perbandingan 1:2 selama 12 hari. Rendaman disaring dan ekstrak basa direaksikan dengan Seng Uranil Asetat untuk mengendapkan NaOH. Endapan disaring dan larutan yang tidak mengendap merupakan KOH untuk bahan pembuatan sabun lunak transparan. Sabun lunak transparan dibuat dengan menambahkan ketiga zat pentransparan dengan variasi tertentu ke dalam sabun lunak yang telah tersaponifikasi sempurna. Sabun lunak transparan dibuat menurut Haryanto (1985). Produk optimum diperoleh pada komposisi asam stearat : asam laurat = 1:1, ekstrak basa 14 gram, gliserin : alkohol = 1:2 ini kurang mendekati standar SII 0155-77 sebagai sabun mandi, diperoleh kadar alkali bebas 8,04 %, asam lemak bebas 0 %, lemak tak tersabunkan 0 %, minyak pelikan negatif, daya cuci sabun 61,9 %, ketinggian busa dalam air suling maksimum 10 cm dan dalam air leding maksimum 9 cm.Kata Kunci : kulit kapuk, sabun transparan, asam stearat, asam laurat, minyak kelapa
PEMBUATAN KOMPOSIT DARI SERAT SABUT KELAPA DAN POLIPROPILENA
Authors: Adriana Adriana
Published: May 2019

Serat sabut kelapa merupakan limbah dari buah kelapa yang pemanfaatannya sangat terbatas. Polipropilena adalah limbah plastik yang sulit di dekomposisi oleh mikroorganisme pengurai, sehingga dapat menimbulkan masalah bagi lingkungan. Kedua bahan ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pembuatan komposit yang diharapkan dapat bernilai ekonomis. Polipropilena digunakan sebagai matriks, sedangkan serat sabut kelapa dengan variasi panjang serat 3 cm, 5 cm dan 7 cm digunakan sebagai filler.  Proses  pembuatan  komposit  dengan  cara  kempa  panas  dilakukan  dengan variasi komposisi (polipropilena:serat) pada 90% : 10%, 80% : 20 %, 70% : 30% dan 60% : 40%. Plastik dilelehkan pada suhu titik leleh (170oC) ditambahkan serat sabut kelapa sebagai penguat dengan bahan pengikat anhidrida maleat dan pemicu benzoil peroksida, akan dihasilkan komposit dengan kekuatan tarik maksimum pada komposisi  90%  :  10%  pada  panjang  serat  5  cm  yaitu  3339,08  kgf/cm2   dan perpanjangan maksimum diperoleh pada komposisi 80% : 20% pada panjang  serat 7 cm yaitu 20%.Kata kunci: serat sabut kelapa, plastik polipropilena, komposit, uji tarik.
GLUTEN PRODUCTION : Analysed In Terms Of Volume Expansion, Extensibility And Rheological Characterisation
Authors: Rihayat Teuku
Published: May 2019

Gluten is the protein in flour that gives the viscoelastic properties of dough. There are still inadequate understandings of the knowledge concerning gluten during the dough mixing and the unique properties that gluten posses.  Gluten production was examined in terms of quantity and quality of gluten.   Quantity of gluten was measured  in  terms  of  wet  and  dry  gluten  content.    Wet  gluten  content  was determined by weighing the gluten obtained from the dough washed under running tap water.   The wet gluten was dried using air oven drying method to obtain dry gluten content. In terms of quality, the gluten was analysed in terms of volume expansion, extensibility and rheological characterisation.   The volume expansionanalysis was performed by frying the wet gluten in hot oil at 170oC in deep fryer for15 minutes.   The volume of fried gluten was measured using mustard seed displacement method and the difference between the volume of fried gluten and the volume of wet gluten is measured as volume expansion of gluten.Key word : Gluten, rheological, wheat
THE GREAT POWERS’ INTERVENTION INTO THE POLISH REBELLION OF 1863 AND RUSSIA’S POSITION
Authors: Cherevyk Konstantin Antonovich
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to analysing one of the key events of Russia’s foreign policy and Europe’s political life of the middle of the XIX century - the great powers’ intervention into the anti-Russian rebellion of 1863 in the Kingdom of Poland. The author analyses in detail the preparation, process and consequences of the intervention of Great Britain, France and Austria in this conflict and the tsarist government’s response. Using exclusively diplomatic methods Russia defended its national interests and won a victory. A direct consequence of the Polish crisis was the regrouping of the great powers, which greatly influenced the subsequent history of Europe and the world.
MODAL ANALYTICS AS A CATEGORY AND METHODOLOGY OF PHILOSOPHY AND ENGLISH PHILOLOGY
Authors: Yurovitskaya Larisa Nikolaevna , Yurovitskii Stanislav Vital'evich
Published: May 2019

The article examines the category of modality in philosophy and modern linguistics. The authors provide a survey of linguistic theories of modality paying special attention to debatable methodological issues of the existing typologies. The ultimate foundations of modality are analysed with a view to develop a cardinally new understanding of this category in linguistics. The paper suggests a methodology of modal typology in language basing on the classical understanding of modality in philosophy. The findings allow concluding on equivocal nature of philosophical and linguistic methodology for solving adjacent tasks of subsistential nature.
MNEMIC AUTHORITARIANISM DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Vyalykh Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: May 2019

Modern authoritarianism modifications development is conditioned not only by the practice of the political and economic subjugation of the society but also by the actions aimed to re-format its consciousness using information and communication technologies. To achieve this purpose, the ruling authorities use special practices influencing individuals’ ability to memorize and reproduce information on past events - mnemic authoritarianism. This concept is considered as a process of re-formatting individuals’ memory space using certain socio-cultural practices presupposing an individual’s inability to evaluate certain past events and his readiness to interpret them according to the value and normative matrix of the ruling authorities.
RUSSIAN ARCTIC’S OLD-TIMERS: PHILOSOPHY OF “MEMORY CULTURE”
Authors: Khazankovich Yuliya Gennad'evna
Published: May 2019

Ethical conception, value system of the Russian Arctic’s old-timers is a poorly investigated field. The research objective presupposed the comparative-historical and typological approaches to analysing folkloric, ethnographic data on culture and mythological beliefs of Russkoye Ustye residents. Relying on Jan Assmann’s theory the author actualizes the “memory culture” conception in relation to authentic culture of the Russian Arctic’s old-timers. Value paradigms of culture, the first settlers’ chronotopes are identified. Tundra-sendukha, co-existence with the Yukaghirs formed a special type of culture, which preserved the archetypical features of the Russian authentic culture tracing its origin back to “Motherland Russia” of the XVI century.
APPLICATION OF GNOSTIC “STOPPING THE WORLD” DOCTRINE IN CREATIVE STRATEGY OF “KOMMERSANT” MEDIA HOLDING
Authors: Tsukanov Evgenii Aleksandrovich
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to analysing the creative strategy of “Kommersant” («КоммерсантЪ» («Ъ»)) media holding in the 1980-1900s. The author concludes that “Kommersant” creative strategy is based on “stopping the world” doctrine, the basis of C. Castaneda’s occult and esoteric conception, which influenced the founder of the media holding V. Yakovlev. This conception is considered as an element of the destructive gnostic post-modernistic trend endangering the integrity and stability of existence, logo-centricity and universalism.
SOCIAL SITUATION OF THE BLIND IN RUSSIA ON THE EVE OF OCTOBER 1917 AND IN THE FIRST YEARS OF THE SOVIET POWER
Authors: Karlov Sergei Vladimirovich
Published: May 2019

In the article, the place and role of the blind in the Russian society on the eve of the October Revolution of 1917 and in the early years of the Soviet power before the foundation of the All-Russian Society of the Blind in 1923 are analysed. The paper reveals fundamental changes in the social situation of the blind, which occurred after the establishment of the Soviet power. The author concludes that just before October 1917, the blind in Russia lived mainly with the assistance of charity and were separated from the society; that along with positive changes in the social situation of the blind, which occurred in the first years of the Soviet power, there were serious obstacles to their full integration into the society.
Shifting the Education Paradigm: Why International Borrowing is No Longer Sufficient for Improving Education in China
Authors: Zhao Yong
Published: May 2019

Purpose

—The purpose of this article is to examine the consequences of mutual borrowing of educational policies and practices between the East and the West and implications for Chinese education.

Design/Approach/Methods

—This paper draws upon a wide variety of historical, cultural, and international assessment data.

Findings

—The analyses found that the mutual borrowing is unlikely to improve education to the extent that the future world demands.

Originality/Value

—Thus, the article concludes that instead of wasting resources and time on learning from each other's past, education systems around the world should work on inventing a new paradigm of education. China is in a unique position to work on the new paradigm.
Calculating the Future: The Historical Assemblage of Empirical Evidence, Benchmarks & PISA,
Authors: Popkewitz Thomas S. , Feng Jingying , Zheng Lei
Published: May 2019

Purpose

—Prominent at the intersections of national educational agencies, higher education, and international educational performance assessments are two reform standards: “benchmarks” determining optimal student performance, and “empirical evidence” for determining the quality of reform practices. These two notions are often taken as connecting policy and research to effective changes in many countries. The article examines the historical and cultural principles about educational change and its sciences embedded in these standards through examining OECD's PISA and the McKinsey & Company reports that draw on PISA's data.

Findings/Originality/Value

—First, the reports express salvation themes associated with modernity; that is, the promise of a better future through governing the present. The promise is to provide nations with data and models to achieve social equality, economic prosperity, and a participatory democracy. Second, the promise of the future is not descriptive of some present reality but to fabricate the universal characteristics about society and individuals. The numbers embody social and psychological categories about a desired unity of all students. Third, the “empirical evidence” of the international assessment entails a particular notion of science and “evidence”; one that paradoxically uses the universals in comparing and creating divisions.
Students’ Mathematical Reasoning, Communication, and Language Representations: A Video-Narrative Analysis
Authors: Wilkinson Louise C. , Bailey Alison L. , Maher Carolyn A.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Learning mathematics is a complex process, requiring many conceptual lenses and rich data sources to document and understand students’ construction of knowledge. The purpose of this article is both to introduce a unique database on students’ mathematical learning and to describe analytical techniques used to study students’ growth of the knowledge of mathematics and language.

Design/Approach/Methods

Our approach includes the following aspects: First, we describe a unique collection of video-taped recordings of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of diverse, U.S. students, learning mathematics (Video Mosaic Collaborative, VMC). Second, we introduce our analytical methods, which utilize the database for collaborative study of students’ learning. These methods include video-narrative analyses that display fine-grained examinations of interactions among students who are solving engaging problems that require them to reason mathematically and to represent their understandings with language and non-language forms. These analyses, referenced as VMCAnalytics, demonstrate the accessibility and flexibility of the database to study relationships among students’ mathematics and language learning.

Findings

The findings generated are illustrated by two examples demonstrating the accessibility and flexibility of the database to study relationships between mathematics and language learning (mathematics register).

Originality/Value

The contribution of our work is illustrated by describing the rich database; employing a collaborative research approach; and signifying our understanding of relationships among students’ mathematical and language learning.
Impact of Gender, Family Factors and Exploratory Activities on Students’ Career and Educational Search Competencies in Shanghai and Hong Kong
Authors: Ho Esther Sui-Chu , Sum Kwok Wing , Wong Raymond Sin Kwok
Published: May 2019

Purpose

This study examines the career and educational search competencies (CESC), a capability which may be necessary for a successful transition from high school to work or postsecondary education, of students from Shanghai and Hong Kong.

Design/Approach/Methods

The data for this study was taken from the Main Study of PISA 2012 in Shanghai and Hong Kong. Regression analysis was used to examine the relative impact of different forms of career and educational exploratory activities on students’ CESC.

Findings

Results showed a consistent pattern of socio-economic inequality in student's self-reported CESC in the two Chinese cities, which was largely mediated by the family capital or resources. Besides, career and educational exploratory activities initiated by schools, enterprises or the students themselves were found to have significant positive associations with CESC regardless of socioeconomic status.

Originality/Value

The paper provides empirical evidence for enhancing students’ career search capacity through engaging in career exploration in the face of structural barriers. In light of this, the roles of schools, business sectors, and governments in students’ capacity building are discussed.
MODUL PENYUSUNAN EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN AL ISLAM DAN KEMUHAMMADIYAHAN (ISMUBA)
Authors: Nuryana Zalik
Published: May 2019

Penilaian proses pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan penilaian otentik (authentic assesment) yang menilai kesiapan peserta didik, proses, dan hasil belajar secara utuh. Keterpaduan penilaian ketiga komponen tersebut akan menggambarkan kapasitas, gaya, dan perolehan belajar peserta didik yang mampu menghasilkan dampak instruksional (instructional effect) pada aspek pengetahuan dan dampak pengiring (nurturant effect) pada aspek sikap.Hasil penilaian otentik digunakan guru untuk merencanakan program perbaikan (remedial) pembelajaran, pengayaan (enrichment), atau pelayanan konseling. Selain itu, hasil penilaian otentik digunakan sebagai bahan untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran sesuai dengan Standar Penilaian Pendidikan. Evaluasi proses pembelajaran dilakukan saat proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan alat: lembar pengamatan, angket sebaya, rekaman, catatan anekdot, dan refleksi. Evaluasi hasil pembelajaran dilakukan saat proses pembelajaran dan di akhir satuan pelajaran dengan menggunakan metode dan alat: tes lisan/perbuatan, dan tes tulis. Hasil evaluasi akhir diperoleh dari gabungan evaluasi proses dan evaluasi hasil pembelajaran.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Care Unit in a Rural Teaching Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Sandeep , Sindan N. , Kayastha N. , Karki D.B. , Jha K. , Thapa S.D. , Acharya B.D. , Gurung D.
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Neonatal morbidity and mortality rates reflect efficiency of health services of a country. This study was conducted to identify the clinical profile, pattern of diseases and common causes of mortality and morbidity in neonates admitted to neonatology unit.

Methods: The study was conducted in Neonatal Unit of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla for a period of one year from 1st May 2017 to 30th April 2018. Data of all admitted patients were reviewed and analyzed in terms of gender, gestational age, age at presentation, weight, cause of admission and their outcome. Diagnosis was made on clinical examination, radiological findings and laboratory investigations. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results: Out of 153 neonates admitted during the study period, 2 were excluded because of deficient record. Full-term neonates were 122(80.7%) while preterm were 29 (19.3%). Low birth weight (LBW) babies were 32 (21.18%). Neonatal sepsis 91 (60.26%) was the most common cause of hospital admissions followed by meconium aspiration syndrome 21(13.9%) and prematurity 10(6.62%). Out of 151 newborns, 112 babies (74.1%) were discharged after improvement, 15(9.93%) left against medical advice, 13(8.6%) babies were referred to higher centers for intensive care and there were 9 (5.9%) mortalities and 2(1.3%) got absconded.

Conclusions: The majority of neonatal morbidity is due to sepsis, prematurity and respiratory causes. All these causes are preventable to some extent and, can be effectively treated in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Status of Maternity Services in Karnali Academy of Health Sciences
Authors: Bhattari Saraswoti Kumari Gautam , Dahal M. , Budha M.R.
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Access to proper medical attention and hygienic conditions during delivery can reduce the risk of complications and infections for the mother and baby. Health facility-based delivery is considered a critical strategy to improve maternal health. This study aimed to identify the status of maternity service in Karnali Academy of Health Science (KAHS), Jumla.

Methods: A hospital based retrospective study was done in maternity ward of KAHS teaching hospital, Jumla. Total 855 women admitted in maternity ward with obstetrical problem and labour pain were included in the study from July 16, 2017 to July 16, 2018. Sampling technique was census and cases were selected from record section. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics.

Results: There were total 855 obstetrical cases with labour pain and other obstetrical conditions. Among them 673 (78.71%) cases were in labour pain, 543 (80.68%) had spontaneous vaginal delivery, 104 (15.45%) had cesarean section. Among the 678 neonates; 650 (95. 87%) were live born baby, 28 (4.12%) were still birth, 13 (1.91%) died in neonatal period. Furthermore, among 855 obstetric cases 109 (12.74%) had obstetrical complications, and 116 (13.56%) received specific obstetrical management for complications.

Conclusions: Though there was no any maternal death in the KAHS nearly 2% neonatal death was found. Therefore, special management facility should be improved for the survival of neonates in future.
‘Serenity, Sustainability dan Spirituality’ dalam Industri Manajemen Wisata Religi
Authors: Faletehan Aun Falestien
Published: May 2019

By using a phenomenology study in two cases: Tiban Mosque Turen Malang and the Tomb of Sunan Ampel Surabaya, this research was designed to answer three questions: (1) How are the values of 'Serenity, Sustainability and Spirituality' embodied in religious tourism?; (2) How could managers design a tourism strategy to generate the values of 'Serenity, Sustainability and Spirituality'?; and (3) How is the model of religious tourism management based on the values of 'Serenity, Sustainability and Spirituality'?. As a part of qualitative approach, this research used data collection techniques such as interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study demonstrated that the value of serenity was indicated by peacefulness in mind, feelings and body; the value of sustainability was marked with the environmental, social and economic aspects; and spirituality was specified by connectedness with oneself, the environment and the Transcendent. Related to these values, the managers seem succeeded in designing tourism strategies through strategic planning, asset organizing system, travel guides and evaluation method. This process leads to the emergence of the model of religious tourism management based on the values of 'Serenity, Sustainability and Spirituality'.
The Quality of Work Life in School and Its Effect on the Teachers’ Performance
Authors: Lalompoh Amelia , Moerjati Moerjati , Hermawati Adya , Suci Rahayu Puji , Mas Nasharuddin
Published: May 2019

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of work lifequality on the teachers’ performance, the relation between the role of school principal’s management and the teachers’ emotional intelligence affecting the quality of work life. The research was carried out by using a quantitative approach and was through survey method which was based on the structural questionnaire. There were 33 Senior High School teachers of Adventist Colleges in East Java interviewed to obtain variables in answeringthe research objectives. Data were collected in the ordinal form of the Likert scale, described and worked out by using path analysis method based on the framework model formulated.  The results show that the quality of work life plays an important role in maximizing or supporting teachers’ performance.  It was also found that the school principal’s management competency and the teachers’ emotional intelligence have a great contribution to theteachers’ performance. The quality of work life further functions significantly as the intervening variable effect of the school principal’s management competency and the teachers’ emotional intelligence on teachers’ performance.  JEL Classification: I29, J24, M54
Effect of emotionally toned Malay language sounds on the brain: a NIRS analysis
Authors: Mohd Anuardi Muhammad Nur Adilin , Yamazaki Atsuko K.
Published: May 2019

Speech recognition features such as emotion have always been involved in human communication. With the recent developments in the communication methods, researchers have investigated artificial and emotional intelligence to improve communication. This has led to the emergence of affective computing, which deals with processing information pertaining to human emotions. This study aims to determine positive influence of language sounds containing emotion on brain function for improved communication. Twenty-seven college-age Japanese subjects with no prior exposure to the Malay language listened to emotionally toned and emotionally neutral sounds in the Malay language. Their brain activities were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as they listened to the sounds. A comparison between different NIRS signals revealed that emotionally toned language sounds had a greater impact on brain areas associated with attention and emotion. On the contrary, emotionally neutral Malay sounds affected brain areas involved in working memory and language processing. These results suggest that emotionally-charged sounds initiate listenersâ€™ attention and emotion recognition even when the listeners do not understand the language. The ability to interpret emotions presents challenges in computer systems and robotics; therefore, we hope that our results can be used for the development of computational models of emotion for autonomous robot research in the field of communication.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON REPORTING OF DANA DESA PROGRAMS
Authors: Farlina Wila , Hartono Yull
Published: May 2019

Tujuan penelitain ini adalah melihat faktor-faktor yang dapat mendukung dan faktor penghambat dalam pelaporan keuangan dana desa, apabila terdapat hambatan dalam pelaporan keuangan dana desa, maka peneliti akan memberikan solusinya.

Metodolgi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metodologi kualitatif, dengan melakukan wawancara, dan didukung dengan data primer dan skunder.

Hasil dari pnelitian ini adalah pelaporan keuangan dana desa di Kenagarian Mungka dapat dilaksanakan tepat waktu, adapun faktor pendukung dalam pelaporannya adalah adanya kerjasama yang bagus anatar aparat desa, namun terdapat beberapa yang menjadi faktor penghambat yaitu, keterbatasan sumberdaya manusia yang ada, sistem yang sering berubah-ubah, terjadi keterlambatan informasi yang diterima oleh perangakat desa.
Dependences of the Omori and Gutenberg–Richter parameters
Authors: Smirnov V. B. , Ponomarev A. V. , Stanchits S. A. , Potanina M. G. , Patonin A. V. , Dresen G. , Narteau C. , Bernard P. , Stroganova S. M.
Published: May 2019

Laboratory experiments on studying the aftershock regime are carried out with sandstone specimens under different axial loading and uniform compression and constant pore pressure. The aftershock sequences are modeled by the scenario of stepwise increasing axial loading of a specimen with strain control ensuring regular generation of aftershock sequences. The experiments are conducted on intact specimens and on the specimens with preliminarily formed shear macrofractures simulating natural faults. The experiments were conducted with multichannel recording of the acoustic emission (AE) signals which made it possible to locate the AE sources. Several types of the dependence of the acoustic activity relaxation parameters (parameters p and c of the modified Omori law and the Gutenberg–Richter b-value) on the level of acting stresses are revealed. The b-value decreases with the growth of axial stresses at all levels of uniform compression. In the case of fracture on the preexisting fault, the Omori relaxation parameter p increases with the growth of axial stresses whereas parameter c (the time delay before the onset of relaxation) decreases with the growth of axial stresses and increases with the rise of the level of uniform compression. In the case of a fracture of an undamaged specimen, parameter p remains unchanged as the axial stresses grow, whereas parameter c increases slightly. Parameter variations in the case of a complex stress state with both varying deviatoric (differential stresses) and spherical parts (effective pressure) of the stress tensor take on a unified form when expressed in terms of Coulomb stresses. It is hypothesized that the time delay of the aftershock activity relaxation is determined by the kinetics of fracture in accordance with the kinetic concept of strength in solids. This hypothesis is supported by exponential dependence of parameter c on stresses and on the effective strength of the medium revealed in the experiments. Under this hypothesis, the dependences of parameter c on the Coulomb stresses can be unified for different effective strength values with the use of Zhurkov’s formula for durability of materials. The obtained parameter estimates for the dependence of c on strength and stresses suggest that the c value is determined by the difference of the strength and the acting stresses, indicating how far the stress state of the medium is from the critical state corresponding to the ultimate strength.
Impact of earthquakes and tsunamis on the ionosphere
Authors: Shalimov S. L. , Rozhnoi A. A. , Solov`eva M. S. , Ol`shanskaya E. V.
Published: May 2019

Fairly complex processes of lithosphere–ionosphere interactions can be explored by diagnosing the outer envelopes of the Earth with the use of global satellite navigational systems and equally global network of ground receivers and very-low-frequency transmitters. The earthquake and tsunami impacts on the ionosphere are the example of these processes. The current advances in the studies of these processes are briefly outlined.
The history and state-of-the-art of the studies of native iron in terrestrial and extraterrestrial rocks
Authors: Pechersky D. M. , Markov G. P.
Published: May 2019

A brief review on the history of studying native iron in terrestrial rocks and meteorites is presented. The synthesis and systematization of extensive data on the distribution, composition, and grain size of metal iron particles in sediments, other terrestrial rocks, and meteorites obtained by thermomagnetic analysis with heating to 800 °C combined with microprobe analysis are described. The studies show that ironparticles in all the studied sediments typically have extraterrestrial origin. Based on the statistical analysis of the thermomagnetic data, a number of indications (statistical regularities) are proposed testifying to the overwhelmingly extraterrestrial origin of iron particles in sediments. The similarity of the formation conditions of terrestrial and extraterrestrial metal iron particles makes it possible to suggest a petromagnetic scheme for the structure of planets based on the distribution of metal iron in them.
Seismotectonic setting of the earthquake of august 7, 2016 and its aftershocks
Authors: Sanina I. A. , Ivanchenko G. N. , Gorbunova E. M. , Konstantinovskaya N. L. , Nesterkina M. A. , Gabsatarova I. P.
Published: May 2019

An earthquake with magnitude 4.8 hit the vicinity of Mariupol close to the southern boundary of the East European Platform (EEP) on August 7, 2016. The main event was followed by the aftershocks with magnitudes ranging from 2.2 to 3.9 which lasted for five days. The region experiences external influence from the neotectonically active Alpine zone resulting in intraplate deformations, horizontal and vertical movements of the Earth’s surface, and seismicity. The sources of the main shock and aftershocks are located within the block bounded by the neotectonically active Maloyanisol, Kalmius, and Primorsky faults. A seismogenic structure traced by the submeridional Kalchik lineament zone is identified in the axial part of the block by the combined analysis of geological and geophysical data and visual interpretation of the satellite image. This neotectonically active zone hosts the epicenters of the main event and most of the aftershocks.
Approximation approach in various modifications of the method of linear integral representations
Authors: Stepanova I. E. , Kerimov I. A. , Yagola A. G.
Published: May 2019

The specificity of applying the approximation approach to solving the linear and nonlinear inverse problems of geophysics, geodesy, and geomorphology is discussed. Within the paradigm proposed by V.N. Strakhov, practically all geophysical problems can be reduced to the systems of linear (and, in some cases, nonlinear) algebraic equations. The method of integral representations is the main one for implementing this approach.The application of various modifications of the method of linear integral representations in the spaces of arbitrary dimension is analyzed. Based on the combined approximations of the topography and geopotential fields, it is possible to determine the optimal parameters of the method for solving a broad range of inverse problems of geophysics and geomorphology and to most fully use the a priori information about the elevations and the elements of the anomalous fields. The method for numerical solving the inverse problem on the distributions of carriers of mass equivalent in terms of the external field in the ordinary three-dimensional space and in the four-dimensional space is described.
The use of parallel computing for the high-resolution determination of earthquake source parameters
Authors: Fomochkina A. S. , Bukchin V. G.
Published: May 2019

Alongside the determination of the focal mechanism and source depth of an earthquake by direct examination of their probable values on a grid in the parameter space, also the resolution of these determinations can be estimated. However, this approach requires considerable time in the case of a detailed search. A special case of a shallow earthquake whose one nodal plane is subhorizontal is an example of the sources that require the use of a detailed grid. For studying these events based on the records of the long-period surface waves, the grids with high degree of detail in the angles of the focal mechanism are required. We discuss the application of the methods of parallel computing for speeding up the calculations of earthquake parameters and present the results of studying the strongest aftershock of the Tohoku, Japan, earthquake by this approach.
Studying the dynamics of cosmic dust flux on the earth’s surface from peat deposits
Authors: Kurazhkovskii A. Yu. , Kazansky A. Yu. , Shchetnikov A. A. , Blyakharchuk T. A. , Philippov D. A.
Published: May 2019

Peat cores sampled from different climatic zones are studied. The  petromagnetic and microprobe methods are used to find peat layers enriched with cosmic dust. It is established that the behavior of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) of peat deposits from the zones where the aeolian transfer of terrigenous particles is negligible can be used for studying the dynamics of the fall of cosmic matter on the Earth’s surface. The cosmic dust flux can be conditionally divided into the background and burst components. Here, the background flux of cosmic dust varies cyclically. The characteristic times of these cycles are about 100 years. The cyclicity in the background flux of cosmic material most clearly manifested itself in the interval of 1200 to 500 years ago. The most significant burst in the influx of cosmic material (by an order of magnitude above the background) is revealed in the layer that was formed about 5000 years ago. The microprobe studies established that the mineralogical content of cosmic dust differs between the background and burst fluxes.
Diffusion-rotational parameterization of eddy fluxes of potential vorticity: barotropic flow in the zonal channel
Authors: Ivchenko V. O. , Zalesny V. B.
Published: May 2019

The problem of parametrization of the eddy fluxes of a potential vorticity is discussed. Traditional diffusion parameterization is complemented by the inclusion of a rotational component. For the analysis of the new scheme, a quasi-geostrophic model of the dynamics of the barotropic flow in a zonal channel with a non-uniform bottom is used. An analytical solution of the problem is found and the influence of topography on the flow disturbances is discussed. It is shown that the equation for the eddy potential enstrophy allows to relate diffusion and «rotational» coefficients.
Impact of sulphur dioxide on the terrestrial carbon cycle
Authors: Eliseev A. V. , Zhang M. , Gizatullin R. D. , Altukhova A. V. , Perevedentsev Yu. P. , Skorokhod A. I.
Published: May 2019

In this paper, the earlier results, which were obtained with the climate model developed at the A.M. Obu khov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS CM) and related to the impact of the atmospheric sulphur dioxide on terrestrial carbon cycle, are elucidated. Because of the unavailability of the global data for near surface SO2 concentration, it was reconstructed by using statistical model which was fitted employing the output of the atmospheric chemistry-transport model RAMS-CMAQ. The obtained results are in general agreement with those reported earlier. In particular, the most significant SO2 impact on terrestrial carbon cycle is simulated for south-east North America and for Europe. However, such impact for south-east Asia is markedly weaker in comparison to that reported earlier, which is related to excessive moisture content in the atmosphere of this region.
Analysis of the conditions for the occurrence of "the voice of the sea" using infrasound observations in marine waters
Authors: Perepelkin V. G. , Chunchuzov I. P. , Kulichkov S. N. , Popov O. E. , Repina I. A.
Published: May 2019

We study the conditions for the occurrence of "the voice of the sea" in the infrasound range can occur and determine its parameters from infrasound measurements in the Black Sea water area conducted in 2011 and 2016 and in the water area of the Sea of Okhotsk in 2017. To this end, we compared the observations of different parameters (mean correlation, spectra of acoustic arrivals, direction and phase velocity) of the high-frequency infrasound (1–10 Hz), recorded in Katsiveli (Crimea) in 2011 and 2016. We performed a detailed study of the wind conditions in the Black Sea water area during the measurement period, as well as the conditions for the propagation of acoustic waves along the direction of their arrivals.

In both cases the atmospheric vortices in the direction of the arrival of infrasound were detected, which caused changes in wind velocity vector above the sea surface. The infrasound recorded in 2011 was caused by the interaction of two differently rotating atmospheric vortices over the sea. In 2016, a vortex was observed to the West from the registration point. The possibility of generating "the voice of the sea" due to the rotation of the wind velocity, which causes a nonlinear interaction of surface waves propagating in opposite directions to each other, and the formation of their 2nd harmonic in the form of a standing surface wave is discussed.

From the analysis of the wind speed and wind direction profiles along the infrasound arrival path, as well as the acoustic pressure fields calculated by the parabolic equation method for the effective sound speed profiles in the direction of infrasound propagation, the most probable areas of infrasound generation were determined. In both cases these areas coincided with the zones in which the wind speed drops to zero, and the direction of the wind changes to the opposite.

An example of simultaneous detection from one direction of the microbaroms with frequencies 0.2–0.3 Hz and "the voice of the sea" with a higher frequency of 5.5 Hz is given.
Influence of ocean on dynamic of polar stratosphere and ozone layer
Authors: Jakovlev A. R. , Smyshlyaev S. P.
Published: May 2019

Influence of the tropical oceanic processes (the El-Niño – La-Niña phenomenon) on structure and composition of a polar stratosphere is considered. Data of the reanalysis on sea surface temperature, a potential vorticity, temperatures of air, ozone mixing ratio and total ozone column per 1980–2016 are analyzed. Influence the El-Niño and La-Niña on circumpolar vorticity, temperature of air in a stratosphere and an ozone layer is studied. It is shown that the El-Niño leads to instability of circumpolar vorticity, causes sudden stratospheric warming and increase the content of ozone.
Composition and distribution of saturated hydrocarbons in the thermal waters and vapor–water mixture of the Mutnovskii geothermal field and Uzon caldera, Kamchatka
Authors: Poturay V. A. , Kompanichenko V. N.
Published: May 2019

The paper presents data on the composition and molecular-mass distribution of saturated hydrocarbons in sterile vapor–water mixture from wells and in high-temperature springs in the Mutnovskii hydrothermal area and Uzon caldera. The condensate of the vapor–water mixture and thermal waters from the Mutnovskii area contain low-molecule n-alkanes, which were generated by thermogenic processes. The boiling mud pot of the Donnoe fumarole field typically contains hydrocarbons whose origin is likely related to thermocatalytic transformations of the biomass of thermophilic microorganisms. A separate type of the molecular-mass distribution is typical of the geyser in the caldera of Uzon volcano: this material contains n-alkanes, which were generated by two processes: chemical re-synthesis of floral organic remnants and biogenic synthesis with the probable involvement of bacteria and algae.
Genesis of diamonds and paragenetic inclusions under lower mantle conditions: the liquidus structure of the parental system at 26 GPa
Authors: Litvin Yu. A. , Spivak A. V.
Published: May 2019

The patterns of the joint genesis of diamonds, and their paragenetic inclusions under lower-mantle conditions, are controlled by the liquidus melting conditions of the multicomponent diamond-forming system. The boundary compositions of this system are evident from the generalized data produced by the analytical mineralogy of paragenetic inclusions in lower-mantle diamonds. We studied the structure of the liquidus of a theoretical diamond-forming system in a physicochemical experiment with P–T parameters typical of the depths of 670–800 km. The compositions of the parental melts/solutions for diamonds and paragenetic inclusions correspond to the multicomponent system MgO–FeO–СаО–SiO2–MgCO3–FeCO3–CaCO3–Na2CO3–C. Its primary melting ёwas controlled by the peritectic phase relations at the solidus, which was revealed by experimental studies of polythermal sections of the system and their phase diagrams. Of key importance is the effect of the “stishovite paradox,” in which the peritectic reaction between the ultrabasic bridgmanite phase and melt coincides with the formation of basic oxide associations of periclase–wustite solid solutions and stishovite. The peritectic reaction of bridgmanite is a fundamental feature of the diamond-forming system, and it determines the major defining characteristics in its liquidus structure. Elements of the peritectic liquidus provide the physicochemical basis for the evolution of growth melts that yield diamonds and their paragenetic minerals. On the basis of the experimental results, we constructed a fractional diagram of the syngenesis of diamonds and inclusions. It clearly illustrates the solution–melt mechanism by which diamond genesis occurs, as well as the sequence of growth trapping of primary inclusions by diamonds under the lower-mantle conditions. The physicochemical factors of the genesis of diamonds and their primary inclusions agree: they are generalized in a compositional diagram of lower-mantle diamond-forming media, and they provide a natural basis for the genetic classification of inclusions of rock-forming and accessory minerals in diamonds.
Regularities of distribution of rare-earth elements in the Kivakka olivinite-gabbronorite layered intrusion (Northern Karelia)
Authors: Bychkova Ya. V. , Bychkov D. A. , Minervina E. A. , Ivlev B. A. , Tskhovrebova A. R. , Kasyan A. K. , Miklyaeva E. P.
Published: May 2019

This study discusses the presentation of rare-earth elements (REEs) in the rocks of the Kivakka Olivinite-Gabbronorite Layered Intrusion in North Karelia. It aimed to provide a detailed petrographic description of the mineral parageneses that are present in the studied section of the massif. We found that the same minerals can manifest in both intercumulative and cumulative positions, depending on the degree of melt fractionation. At the same time, their quantity, which determines both the petrographic characteristics and the name of the rock, is not a criterion for their presence during the cumulus phases. We analyzed the concentrations of REEs in rocks and rock-forming minerals in the Kivakka massif, considering the REE concentration vertically and in the critical zones of contrast interbedding. In the study area, REEs are present as incoherent elements and accumulate in the residual melt, together with U, Th, Zr, and other incoherent elements, which make them a useful indicator of the degree of melt fractionation. In some cases, they can reflect different structural and genetic characteristics, such as the degree of cumulus density in a specific type of cumulative paragenesis. The presence of hydrothermal changes is best reflected by a change in Ce concentration. The preservation of the stability of the configuration and the slopes of the lines on the spider diagrams for REE indicate that the process of crystallization differentiation took place in a closed system.
Solubility of gold in the reduced carbonic fluid
Authors: Simakin A. G. , Salova T. P. , Gabitov R. I. , Kogarko L. N. , Tyutyunnik O. A.
Published: May 2019

The first experimental data on the gold solubility in the fluid with composition CO-CO2 and C-O-S with small water content at the pressure 200 MPa and temperature 950°С are reported. Solubility in the fluid C-O-S is about 27 ppm. Estimation of the solubility of gold in fluid CO-CO2 with 10–15 mol.% CO is less accurate: its value is at least 2–3 ppm, but it probably can reach 200–300 ppm. The high solubility of gold found in this work, and previously Pt (Simakin et al., 2016), in the reduced carbon dioxide can explain the formation of these noble metal ore occurrence in the Gluli intrusion (Polar Siberia) by their fluid extraction and re-deposition at temperatures below the solidus. The reducing of a substantially oxidized carbon dioxide fluid, established by mineralogical sensors, was probably caused by subsolidus oxidation of olivine.
Tellurium-bearing minerals in clastic ores of Ybileynoe massive sulfide deposit (South Urals)
Authors: Tseluyko A. S. , Maslennikov V. V. , Ayupova N. R. , Maslennikova S. P. , Danyushevsky L. V.
Published: May 2019

At the well preserved Yubileynoe VMS deposit (South Urals), sulfide breccias and turbidites contain abundant tellurides represented by hessite, coloradoite, altaite, volynskite, stutzite, petzite, calaverite as well as phases of intermediate solid solution tellurobismuthite – rucklidgeite. There is three generation of tellurides were highlighted: 1) primary hydrothermal tellurides in the fragments of chalcopyrite and sphalerite of chalcopyrite-rich black smoker chimneys; 2) authigenic tellurides in pseudomorphic chalcopyrite and veins of chalcopyrite after fragments of colloform and granular pyrite; 3) authigenic tellurides in pyrite nodules. Authigenic tellurides are widespread in pyrite-chalcopyrite turbidites. In sulfide turbidites and gravelites with fragments of sphalerite-pyrite, pyrite-sphalerite paleosmoker chimneys and clasts of colloform and fine-grained seafloor hydrothermal crusts, primary hydrothermal and authigenic tellurides are less common. Siliceous siltstones intercalated with sulfide turbidites contain pyrite nodules, which peripheral parts contain inclusions of epigenetic tellurides. It is assumed that the source of tellurium for authigenic tellurides were fragments of colloform pyrite and hydrothermal chalcopyrite of pyrite-chalcopyrite chimneys, which dissolved during post-sedimentation processes. The main concentrators of tellurium in clastic ores are pseudomorphic chalcopyrite, which inherits high contents of Te, Bi, Au, Ag, Co, Ni, As from the substituted colloform pyrite, and varieties of granular pyrite, containing microinclusions of tellurobismuthite (Bi, Te), petzite (Au, Ag, Te), altaite (Pb, Te), coloradoite and hessite (Ag, Te).
Structure and evolution of Belomorian-Severodvinsk shear zone in the Late Proterozoic and Phanerozoic, East-European Platform
Authors: Kolodyazhny S. Yu. , Baluev A. S. , Zykov D. S.
Published: May 2019

Tectonics, morphological features and development stages of Belomorian-Severodvinsk shear zone (north-western part) found in the East European platform are considered. We traced the shear zone (length ≈1000 km) from NW to SE from the Baltic shield to the Russian plate sedimentary cover. It inherited Paleoproterozoic structures of Belomorian-Lapland mobile belt and Riphean grabens of the White Sea rift system. Belomorian-Severodvinsk zone was represented in the modern structure by a system of neotectonic grabens limited by normal and normal–strike sleep faults and segmented by the transform fault zones. We came to conclusion that the shear zone experienced multiple repeated activation in different dynamic conditions in the Riphean–Phanerozoic. Cyclic alternation of riftogenic trans-tension and compression or transpression conditions in the sequence stages of its development was noted. We defined three cycles of transtensive-transpressive transformations of Belomorian-Severodvinsk shear zone in the Riphean and the Early Vendian. At least four times shear zone suffered changes of deformation mode and directions of shear displacement in the Phanerozoic. The postglacial neotectonic deformations in the Belomorian-Severodvinsk shear zone revealed under the Kola block horizontal movement to the S–E and subsequent counterclockwise rotation.