bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intentional Application of the Taba Curriculum Model to Develop a Rural Pharmacy Practice Course
Authors: Portillo Edward Christopher , Look Kevin , Mott David , Breslow Robert , Kieser Mara , Gallimore Casey
Published: March 2020

The changing profession of pharmacy demands student preparation in dynamic courses that address the evolving healthcare landscape. Identifying an evidence-based approach to develop such coursework and content, however, can be a considerable challenge for curriculum innovators. This manuscript explores how curriculum design models can be applied as a guide to promote purposeful development of new curriculum, with the goal of promoting students as APPE, practice, and career-ready practitioners. Authors specifically describe a case study example for the process of creating a novel rural health course using the Taba curriculum design model as a guide for selecting course content, objectives, teaching strategies, learning experiences, and evaluative measures. Through the incorporation of the Taba model, this manuscript presents an evidence-based approach to curriculum development which can be replicated across schools and colleges of pharmacy. The described approach to curriculum design, which integrates models to guide the creative process, is a systematic approach to developing curriculum with purpose. Additional opportunities exist for curriculum innovators across the academy to explore incorporation of curriculum design models to guide course development, as well as to drive curricular assessment strategies and further curriculum refinement.

 

Article Type: Idea Paper
PELATIHAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN RUMAH TANGGA BAGI KELUARGA PENERIMA MANFAAT BANSOS DAN BPNT DI KECAMATAN GAPURA
Authors: Resdiana Enza , Fajarianingtyas Dyah Ayu
Published: March 2020

Kecamatan Gapura khusunya di Desa Longos, adalah salah satu desa di Kabupaten Sumenep yang mendapatkan CCT, yaitu penerima program bansosdan BPNT di desa ini sekitar 231 keluarga penerima manfaat (sumber: CCT Kecamatan Gapura 2018), dan pengelolaan bantuan sosial tersebut belum secara menyeluruh dapat menjadi stimulant bagi meningkatkannya kesehjateraan keluarga yang dapat diukur dari pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan keuangan keluarga. Rendahnya tingkat pendidikan masyarakat miskin mengakibatkan kebiasaan buruk dalam mengatur pengeluaran keluarga. Oleh karena itu, untuk memutus rantai rendahnya kemiskinan juga dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan informasi terkait pentingnya pengelolaan serta penyuluhan secara berkala kepada masyarakat terkait pelatihan dan pendidikan dalam pengeloalaan keuangan keluarga, yang diharapkan nantinya akan mampu membuka pemikiran dan menarik minat masyarakat untuk merubah perilaku hidup hemat. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu dengan pelatihan yang dilakukan melibatkan masyarakat penerima bantuan sosial dan komunikasi interaktif. Hasil kegiatan Pelatihan pengelolaan keuangan dan memanfaatan bantuan sosial yang diberikan oleh Pemerintah kepada keluarga miskin memiliki respon yang positif pada saat dilakukannya pelatihan, beberapa masyarakat antusias terhadap pelatihan yang diberikan sehingga pelatian yang dilakukan berjalan dengan maksimal.
PENDAMPINGAN GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Meita Nisfil Maghfiroh , Herowati Herowati
Published: March 2020

Buku merupakan jendela dunia, dengan membaca buku akan memberikan wawasan yang luas. Kebiasaan untuk membaca buku menjadi pondasi peserta didik untuk selalu belajar dan membuka wawasan baru. Saat ini membaca buku menjadi sangat mahal dari pada menggunakan gawai. Selain itu sulitnya akses buku bacaan yang tidak tersedia di lembaga pendidikan khususnya di SD Darmista 1 Kecamatan Lenteng Kabupaten Sumenep. Sarana perpustakan belum tersedia, sehingga peserta didik tidak memiliki kesempatan untuk berwisata literasi di sekolah. Gerakan literasi sekolah (GLS) tidak harus membeli buku dan tidak harus selalu membaca buku pelajaran, salah satu kegiatan di dalam gerakan literasi adalah “kegiatan 15 menit membaca buku non-pelajaran sebelum waktu belajar dimulai”. Hal ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk membiasakan peserta didik untuk membaca buku minimal 1 kali dalam 1 hari meskipun hanya sebentar. Sesuai dengan pepatah yang mengatakan “sedikit demi sedikit, lama-lama menjadi bukit” artinya usaha/ upaya kecil yang terus-menerus pasti akhirnya akan memberikan hasil. GLS diharapkan dapat menumbuhkan minat baca dan menstimulus keterampilan baca peserta didik. Materi baca berisi nilai-nilai budi pekerti, berupa kearifan lokal, nasional, dan global yang disampaikan sesuai tahap perkembangan peserta didik. Membiasakan peserta didik untuk membaca buku harus disertai kerjasama seluruh warga sekolah dan masyarakat. Usia 7-12 merupakan usia peserta didik di sekolah dasar (SD), jika di usia ini peserta didik sudah terbiasa menyempatkan waktu untuk membaca buku maka di jenjang pendidikan menengah sampai dengan perguruan tinggi juga akan menjadi kebiasaan.
PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN AGROINDUSTRI DI DESA MANDING TIMUR KECAMATAN MANDING
Authors: Kurdi Moh. , Fatmawati Fatmawati
Published: March 2020

Desa Manding Timur berada di Kecamatan Manding Kabupaten Sumenep. Masyarakat di Desa Manding Timur selain menjadi pegawai, pedagang dan petani mempunyai pekerjaan lain  sebagai pengusaha makanan olahan (Agroindustri). Diantara produk olahannya yang ada antara lain  keripik pisang dan keripik singkong. Permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat Desa Manding Timur adalah rendahnya penguasanaan teknologi dan manajamen usaha masih rendah yang meliputi aspek administrasi keuangan, manajemen mutu dan manajemen pemasaran. Pada Agroindustri 80 % sistem administrasi keuangan belum tertata dengan baik dan masih banyak produk yang dihasilkan dengan kemasan yang masih sederhana sehingga kurang menarik dan kurang aman dari bahaya biologi, kimia dan fisik. Untuk jaminan mutu produk perlu adanya penyuluhan atau pengetahuan kemasan standar produk UMKM Agroindustri dan pemberian alat pengemasan. Diharapkan produk Agroindustri Desa Manding Timur mampu bersaing di tingkat regional dan nasional.Hasil program pengabdian masyarakat adalah 1) Pengrajin diberi pelatihan pembuatan laporan keuangan yang sederhana, dan pengrajin sudah mulai menerapkan pembukuan yang benar, 2) pengrajin diberi pelatihan cara pengemasan yang tepat dan dibuatkan label untuk merk produknya agar produknya tidak mudah rusak dan menarik konsumen.Pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pengembangan agroindustri di Desa Manding Timur Kecamatan Manding berjalan baik, dengan kegiatan pendampingan dan pelatihan pembuatan laporan keuangan sederhana serta pelatihan pengemasan dan penyerahan sealer serta plastik berbagai jenis yang dapat digunakan untuk mengemas produk para pengrajin. Peserta dalam kegiatan pengabdian memberikan tanggapan yang sangat baik dengan berpartisipasi mengikuti kegiatan secara tekun.  Selain itu menyampaikan apresiasi kepada Tim Pelaksana karena telah memberikan pendampingan terhadap para pengrajin sehingga dapat menambah ketrampilan pengrajin untuk memajukan usahanya.
YOĞUN BAKIM HASTALARINDA BESLENME İNTOLERANSINA ETKİ EDEN FAKTÖRLER VE MORTALİTE İLE İLİŞKİSİ: PROSPEKTİF GÖZLEMSEL KLİNİK ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ŞAHİNER Yeliz , DOĞU Cihangir , ÖZÇİFTÇİ Serhat , DOĞAN Güvenç , YAĞAN Özgür , DEMİR Emre
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Yoğun bakım hastalarında beslenme büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Hastaların yeterli beslenme desteği alması iyileşme oranlarını artırdığı gibi mortalite ve morbiditeyi de düşürmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı hastaların yoğun bakımda beslenme desteği aldığında, hedeflenen kaloriye ulaşmasına engel olan faktörlerini ortaya koymak, varsa beslenme intoleransı ve yetersizliğinin mortalite ve morbitide üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Eylül 2017- Eylül 2018 tarihleri arasında yoğun bakım ünitesine kabul edilen 18 yaş üstü 80 hastanın dâhil edildiği prospektif gözlemsel bir araştırmadır. Seksen hastanın 13’üne sadece parenteral destek verildiğinden çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Hastalar enteral yolla ilk 4 gün hedeflenen kalorinin %50 ve fazlasını alamayan (Grup 1) ve alan (Grup 2) olarak ikiye ayrıldı. Hastaların yaş cinsiyet, boy, kilo, APACHE II, SOFA, Glaskow skorları, yatış nedeni, vazopressör desteği, beslenme desteği, bulantı-kusma, reflü, diyare varlığı, dört günlük kalori ihtiyacına erişimi, solunum desteği, bası yarası, diyaliz gereksinimi, dört günlük kaloriye erişim yolu, ülser proflaksisi, yatış süresi ve mortalite kayıt altına alındı.Bulgular: Grup 1 (n=30) hastada, hedef kaloriye enteral yol ile ulaşılamazken Grup 2 (n=37) hastada enteral beslenmenin yeterli olduğu görüldü. Gruplar arasında yaş, cinsiyet, boy, kilo, VKİ, APACHE II, SOFA ve Glaskow skorları arasında fark olmadığı tespit edildi. Hastaların %80.5 (n=54) mekanik ventilatör desteği, %12.9 (n=7) trakeostomi ile destek aldığı görüldü. Mekanik ventilatör desteği almayan hastalarda %19.5 (n=13) hastanın noninvaziv ventilatasyon desteği aldığı görüldü. Solunum desteği açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Hastaların kültürde üreme, vazopressör desteği, mortalite ve yatış süresi açısından anlamlı fark saptanmadı.Sonuç: Hastaların iyileşme sürecine katkıda bulunmak için beslenme büyük önem arz eder. Bu çalışmada da enteral beslenmenin, beslenme intoleransı ve yetersizliğine yol açmayacak şekilde hastanın gereksinimi olan enerji ihtiyacına ek morbidite eklemeden ulaşmasına yardımcı olduğu görülmüştür. Beslenme intoleransı hakkında yapılan çalışmalarda mortalite ile ilişkilendirilse de çalışmanın sonuçlarında mortalite ve yoğun bakım yatış süreleri ile beslenme intoleransı arasında ilişki bulunmamıştır.
Nöral Tüp Defektlerinde Duyarlılık Oluşturan Risk Faktörleri Olarak Faktör V ve MTHFR Genlerinin Analizi: Türkiye'den Bir Vaka-Kontrol Çalışması
Authors: KAMAŞAK Kağan , YEĞİN Zeynep , YILDIRIM İbrahim
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışma konjenital olmayan nöral tüp defektlerine moleküler bir perspektif sunmayı ve geleceğe yönelik önleyici bireyselleştirilmiş tıp stratejileri geliştirmeyi hedeflemiştir. Üç genetik varyasyon; Factor V Leiden (FVL) (rs6025), MTHFR A1298C (rs1801131) ve MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) bu varyasyonların potansiyel kalıtımsal etkilerini daha iyi analiz etmek için hem anneleri hem de çocukları içeren bir Türk kohortunda araştırılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Nöral tüp defektli (NTD) çocuklar ve NTD'li olmayan kontrol grubu çocukları anneleriyle beraber çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Toplanılan kan örneklerinden standart tuzla çöktürme prosedürüyle DNA ekstraksiyonları gerçekleştirilmiştir. İzole edilen DNA'lar Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu-Restriksiyon Fragment Uzunluk Polimorfizmi (PCR-RFLP) metoduyla genotiplendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Factor V Leiden (FVL) (rs6025) mutasyonunun NTD riskini arttırması açısından NTD'li çocuğa sahip annelerle kontrol grubu anneleri arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir ilişki mevcut değildir (p=0.639). Ancak, NTD'li çocuklarla etkilenmemiş çocuklar karşılaştırıldığı zaman istatistiksel olarak önemli bir ilişki gözlenmiştir (p=0.0144). MTHFR A1298C (rs1801131) açısından ise hem annelerin kendi aralarındaki karşılaştırmada hem de NTD'li çocuklar ve etkilenmemiş çocuklar arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir ilişki mevcuttur (sırasıyla p=0.005; 0.008). MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) genotipleri ve/veya allelleri ise bu çalışmada ne annelerde ne de çocuklarda NTD gelişimi açısından risk faktörü olarak rol oynamadığı görülmüştür (p˃0.05).Sonuç: Çalışmamız, NTD gelişimi açısından FVL mutasyonunun annelerin genotiplerinden bağımsız olarak artmış bir risk faktörü olduğuna işaret etmektedir. MTHFR A1298C (rs1801131) homozigot AA genotipi ve A alleli bu varyasyonun Türk popülasyonunda kalıtımsal etkisine de vurgu yapacak şekilde hem annelerde hem de çocuklarda NTD gelişimi riskinde artışa yol açmaktadır. Ancak, MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) varyasyonu populasyonumuzda NTD gelişimi açısından bir risk faktörü olarak dikkate alınamamaktadır.
Determination of Turkish First Robotics Competition (FRC) participants’ perceptions towards FRC via metaphors and construction of a novel mind map
Authors: ÖZGÜR Enes Arda , ÜREK Handan , ÖZGÜR Fikrican
Published: March 2020

In this study, it is aimed to investigate Turkish First Robotics Competition (FRC) participants’ perceptions towards the concept of FRC with the help of metaphors and to construct a novel mind map. The study is expected to contribute to FRC research and development studies by presenting local information from the point of Turkey. Also, the study will allow the researchers to compare the findings obtained from Turkey with FRC core values. For this reason, a qualitative study in the design of phenomenology was conducted with 282 Turkish FRC participants in fall, 2018. Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire consisting of two questions. The findings showed that participants mostly perceived FRC as family, school of life and addictive matter. Also, most of the participants mentioned robot and teamwork among their initial responses when they heard the word, FRC. As a result, the study indicated the excitement of Turkish participants towards FRC by relating their perceptions to the FRC core values and philosophy. So, it is thought that establishing cooperation with universities might be beneficial for future studies in Turkey.
“To whom it is revealed?” or distrust in a global village
Authors: Kuzovenkova Yuliya Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2020

This article examines the realities of modern culture, which under the influence of Internet marks the emergence of new communicative situation, well described by the term “a global village”. For such subculture as graffiti, it reflected in the fact that the information on it became accessible for anyone interested. However, in the course of studying graffiti community, the author established that access to information does not imply having accurate knowledge. This led to a question on the legitimate knowledge base in this subculture. The research is carried out on the materials of graffiti stage of Samara. The applied approaches are based on the media concept of Marshall McLuhan and theory of collective and individual memory of Maurice Halbwachs. The conclusion is made that the knowledge on graffiti subculture (both, its history and practical concept) is directly related to the experience in this sphere. In order to understand the meanings kept by collective memory, it is necessary to possess individual memory associated with this practice. Therefore, the accuracy of knowledge on graffiti subculture is defined not by the source of knowledge, but rather the experience of creating graffiti works.
Intonation and genre montage in the compositions of Alfred Schnittke
Authors: Denisova Zarina  Mukhriddinovna
Published: March 2020

The subject of this research is the works of the prominent national composer Alfred Schnittke. The analysis of musical compositions demonstrated that one of the dominant technique of their thematic development consists in the intonation and genre montage, and dramaturgy is structured as a peculiar intertwinement of imagery-thematic lines, each of which is formed as an assemblage of themes referred to the same genre. The main principle for this research served the principle of historicism as one of the fundamental within national musicology, which views an artistic phenomenon in unity of transformation of traditions and modern trends. The scientific novelty consists in determination of the leading principle of musical compositions of A. Schnittke – the principle of “generalization through the genre”, presented as an intonation and genre montage. In conclusions formulated in the article, the author summarizes and systematizes the results of study: combining different genres in a single sound space, the composer interprets them as so-called intonation-semantic signs formed in the process of prolonged historical-cultural development, generating valid content, and at the same time, in its intertwinement, creating an individual artistic view of the world.
Traumas of cultural memory in migration and post-migration society
Authors: Linchenko Andrei Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2020

The subject of this research is the peculiarities of structuring and reproduction of cultural traumas in the environment of migration communities. Based on the national and foreign studies of migration sphere of the modern German society, as well as a series of empirical research carried out the author in two federal lands of the Federative Republic of Germany, analysis is conducted on the specificity of structuring and reproduction of traumas of cultural memories among the refugees and forcefully displaced persons, ethnic and work migrants. The author compares the peculiarities of representation of cultural traumatic experience in migration and post-migration society. The use of systemic approach allowed determining the structure and constitutive relations between the key components of the process of reproduction and structuring of cultural traumas in migration environment. The structuring and reproduction of cultural traumas in migration environment depend on the position of receiving society and duration of stay of a migrant therein, specificity of the type of migration, intensity of contacts with the country of origin, as well as peculiarities of cultural memory of the country of origin. The novelty of this study consist not only in comparative analysis of the specificities of perception of the cultural traumatic experience within the environment of forcefully displaced persons, ethnic and work migrants of the modern Germany, but also juxtaposition of migration and post-migration society in the context of the questions of structuring and reproduction of cultural traumas. It is determines that the “post-migration society” contributes to transformation of the process of structuring of cultural traumas towards further fragmentation of the cultural traumatic experience, as well as emergence and dissemination of cultural traumas related to the most tragic pages in the history of humanity overall.
Russian humanitarian organization on the German job market as a factor of adaptation of Russian refugees in the 1919-1920’s
Authors: Ippolitov Sergei Sergeevich
Published: March 2020

The subject of this research is the job market and legal situation in Germany in the 1920’s in the context of arrival of a large number of Russian refugees and former World War I prisoners; activity of the Russian social and professional organizations on overcoming humanitarian crisis faced by the compatriots in exile; process of reproduction of organizational structures of the Russian humanitarian activity in Europe; legal and economic framework of their activity abroad; role of humanitarian organizations in Germany in the process of employment of Russian refugees. Methodology is based on the principles of historicism and systematicity. The latter implies examination of the articulated problem in inseparable connection with the ongoing social processes and events during a specific historical period. For the first time, the history of Russian first-wave émigré is viewed through the prism of processes taking place in the area of labor relations of Russian refugees and German society; as a story of people who faced a severe humanitarian crisis. Sociocultural stress incurred by millions of compatriots caused such phenomena as marginalization and denationalization on a massive scale. The article reflects the role of humanitarian activity in counteracting the aforementioned crisis processes of the examined period.
Iron Catalyzed Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Affording Amide-bearing Dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines
Authors: Liu Si-Wei , Ma Dan-Dan , Zhu Xin-Xin , Luo Cheng-Dan , Tan Hui-Lin , Ju Xiao-Li , Tan Xue , Tang Xiao-Hui , Huang Jie , Wang Jia , Wang Xian-Xun , Cui Hai-Lei
Published: March 2020

We have developed an iron(III) chloride hexahydrate catalyzed formal [3+2] cycloaddition of tetrahydroisoquinolines with amide group-bearing Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) carbonates. A range of highly functionalized dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines could be prepared through SN2’/oxidation/ electrocyclization/aromatization cascade (32-62% yield).
Direct Imaging of Correlated Defect Nanodomains in a Metal-Organic Framework
Authors: Johnstone Duncan , Firth Francesca , Grey Clare P. , Midgley Paul A. , Cliffe Matthew , Collins Sean M.
Published: March 2020

Defect engineering can enhance key properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Tailoring the distribution of defects, for example in correlated nanodomains, requires characterization across length scales. However, a critical nanoscale characterization gap has emerged between the bulk diffraction techniques used to detect defect nanodomains and the sub-nanometre imaging used to observe individual defects. Here, we demonstrate that the emerging technique of scanning electron diffraction (SED) can bridge this gap. We directly image defect nanodomains in the MOF UiO-66(Hf) over an area of ca. 1 000 nm and with a spatial resolution ca. 5 nm to reveal domain morphology and distribution. Based on these observations, we suggest possible crystal growth processes underpinning synthetic control of defect nanodomains. We also identify likely dislocations and small angle grain boundaries, illustrating that SED could be a key technique in developing the potential for engineering the distribution of defects, or “microstructure”, in functional MOF design.
LOBSTER: Local Orbital Projections, Atomic Charges, and Chemical Bonding Analysis from Projector-Augmented-Wave-Based DFT
Authors: Nelson Ryky , Ertural Christina , George Janine , Deringer Volker , Hautier Geoffroy , Dronskowski Richard
Published: March 2020

We present an update on recently developed methodology and functionality in the computer program LOBSTER (Local Orbital Basis Suite Towards Electronic-Structure Reconstruction) for chemical-bonding analysis in periodic systems. LOBSTER is based on an analytic projection from projector-augmented wave (PAW) densityfunctional theory (DFT) computations [J. Comput. Chem. 2013, 34, 2557], reconstructing chemical information in terms of local, auxiliary atomic orbitals and thereby opening the output of PAW-based DFT codes to chemical interpretation. We demonstrate how LOBSTER has been improved by taking into account time reversal symmetry, thereby speeding up the DFT and LOBSTER calculations by a factor of 2. Over the recent years, the functionalities have also been continually expanded, including accurate projected densities of states (DOS), crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) analysis, atomic and orbital charges, gross populations, and the recently introduced 𝒌-dependent COHP. The software is offered free-of-charge for non-commercial research.
Generation and Oxidative Reactivity of a Ni(II) Superoxo Complex via Ligand-Based Redox Non-Innocence
Authors: McNeece Andrew , Jesse Kate , Xie Jiaze , Filatov Alexander S. , Anderson John
Published: March 2020

Metal ligand cooperativity is a powerful strategy in transition metal chemistry. This type of mechanism for the activation of O2 is best exemplified by heme centers in biological systems. While aerobic oxidations with Fe and Cu are well precedented, Ni-based oxidations are frequently less common due to less-accessible metal-based redox couples. Some Ni enzymes utilize special ligand environments for tuning the Ni(II)/(III) redox couple such as strongly donating thiolates in Ni superoxide dismutase. A recently characterized example of a Ni-containing protein, however, suggests an alternative strategy for mediating redox chemistry with Ni by utilizing ligand-based reducing equivalents to enable oxygen binding. While this mechanism has little synthetic precedent, we show here that Ni complexes of the redox-active ligand tBu,TolDHP (tBu,TolDHP = 2,5-bis((2-t-butylhydrazono)(p-tolyl)methyl)-pyrrole) activate O2 to generate a Ni(II) superoxo complex via ligand-based electron transfer. This superoxo complex is competent for stoichiometric oxidation chemistry with alcohols and hydrocarbons. This work demonstrates that coupling ligand-based redox chemistry with functionally redox-inactive Ni centers enables oxidative transformations more commonly mediated by metals such as Fe and Cu.
Fatty Liver and Impaired Hepatic Metabolism Alters the Congener-Specific Distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Mice with a Liver-Specific Deletion of Cytochrome P450 Reductase
Authors: Li Xueshu , Zhang Chun-Yun , Lehmler Hans-Joachim
Published: March 2020

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that are linked to adverse health outcomes. PCB tissue levels are determinants of PCB toxicity; however, it is unclear how factors, such as an altered metabolism and/or a fatty liver, affect PCB distribution in vivo. We determined the congener-specific disposition of PCBs in mice with a liver specific deletion of cytochrome P450 reductase (KO), a model of fatty liver with impaired hepatic metabolism, and wildtype (WT) mice. Male and female KO and WT mice were exposed orally to Aroclor 1254, a technical PCB mixture. PCBs were quantified in adipose, blood, brain and liver tissues by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PCB profiles and levels in tissues were genotype and sex dependent. PCB levels were higher in the liver from KO compared to WT mice. PCB profiles showed clear differences between tissues from the same exposure group. While experimental tissue : blood partition coefficients in KO and WT mice did not follow the trends predicted using a composition-based model, the agreement between experimental and calculated partition coefficients was still reasonable. Thus, a fatty liver and/or an impaired hepatic metabolism alter the distribution of PCBs in mice and the magnitude of the partitioning of PCBs from blood into tissues can be approximated using composition-based models.
Rapid Elaboration of Fragments into Leads Applied to Bromodomain-3 Extra Terminal Domain
Authors: Adams Luke , Wilkinson-White Lorna E. , Gunzburg Menachem J. , Headey Stephen J. , Scanlon Martin J. , Capuano Ben , Mackay Joel P. , Doak Bradley
Published: March 2020

The development of low-affinity fragment hits into higher affinity leads is a major hurdle in fragment-based drug design. Here we demonstrate an approach for the Rapid Elaboration of Fragments into Leads (REFiL) applying an integrated workflow that provides a systematic approach to generate higher-affinity binders without the need for structural information. The workflow involves the selection of commercial analogues of fragment hits to generate preliminary structure-activity relationships. This is followed by parallel microscale chemistry using chemoinformatically designed reagent libraries to rapidly explore chemical diversity. Upon completion of a fragment screen against Bromodomain-3 extra terminal (BRD3-ET) domain we applied the REFiL workflow, which allowed us to develop a series of tetrahydrocarbazole ligands that bind to the peptide binding site of BRD3-ET. With REFiL we were able to rapidly improve binding affinity >30-fold. The REFiL workflow can be applied readily to a broad range of protein targets without the need of a structure, allowing the efficient evolution of low-affinity fragments into higher affinity leads and chemical probes.
Forcing or Forced Exertions in Amalgamation of Nanoparticles and Particles inside the Solution
Authors: Ali Mubarak , Lin I-Nan
Published: March 2020

The study of forcing or forced exertions in amalgamating or amalgamated different featured nanoparticles and particles is important for the scientific societies. Observing live dynamics of nanoparticles and particles inside the solution is a challenging task. It is problematic to discuss amalgamating nanoparticles and particles based only on visualized dynamics. However, suitably captured microscopic images of agglomerations of nanoparticles and particles can identify different modes of forcing or forced exertions. Nanoparticles and particles just at resting positions amalgamate under resultant differences of exerting forces not only related to poles of occupied quadrants, but also related to poles of their own drawn origins. In this context, colloidal nanoparticles and particles amalgamating from directing sides experience a greater exertion of force. In amalgamation of nanoparticles and particles, the exerting force is mute, alert and functioning successively; contrarily, the energy behavior remains functioning, alert and mute successively. Amalgamations depend on the features and conceived focusing lengths of nanoparticles and particles, which are through the origins of references of their exerting forces under the resultant differences. In amalgamation of nanoparticles and particles having geometrical shapes, electrons of elongated atoms along each side deal with even exertions of force. This is not the case in nanoparticles and particles of distorted shapes. Colloidal nanoparticles and particles are the best candidates to track nature of exerting forces, and so is the case with energy behaviors, too.
Drug Related Hypertension: A Review on an Unappreciated Cause of Blood Pressure Increase
Authors: Kunal Marya  , Shiv Nagar  , Kundan Sharma
Published: March 2020

Blood pressure elevation is known to be a determining risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Although blood pressure increase has many causative factors, numerous drugs have also been reported to increase blood pressure. Drugs are often overlooked as a reason of hypertension. A few medications that usually help to reduce blood pressure may increase blood pressure paradoxically or may lead to blood pressure elevation on discontinuation due to a rebound effect. Detailed evaluation of patient’s medical therapy may help to identify the culprit drug. Discontinuation of the causative agent is recommended once the drug induced hypertension has been identified. The present review summarizes the therapeutic agents that can induce hypertension and would allow the clinician to recognize this entity and to take the appropriate therapeutic measures.
Mylk3null C57BL/6N mice develop cardiomyopathy, whereasNntnull C57BL/6J mice do not
Authors: Williams Jack L , Paudyal Anju , Awad Sherine , Nicholson James , Grzesik Dominika , Botta Joaquin , Meimaridou Eirini , Maharaj Avinaash V , Stewart Michelle , Tinker Andrew , Cox Roger D , Metherell Lou A
Published: March 2020

The C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice have well-documented phenotypic and genotypic differences, including the infamous nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) null mutation in the C57BL/6J substrain, which has been linked to cardiovascular traits in mice and cardiomyopathy in humans. To assess whetherNntloss alone causes a cardiovascular phenotype, we investigated the C57BL/6N, C57BL/6J mice and a C57BL/6J-BAC transgenic rescuing NNT expression, at 3, 12, and 18 mo. We identified a modest dilated cardiomyopathy in the C57BL/6N mice, absent in the two B6J substrains. Immunofluorescent staining of cardiomyocytes revealed eccentric hypertrophy in these mice, with defects in sarcomere organisation. RNAseq analysis identified differential expression of a number of cardiac remodelling genes commonly associated with cardiac disease segregating with the phenotype. Variant calling from RNAseq data identified a myosin light chain kinase 3 (Mylk3) mutation in C57BL/6N mice, which abolishes MYLK3 protein expression. These results indicate the C57BL/6JNnt-null mice do not develop cardiomyopathy; however, we identified a null mutation inMylk3as a credible cause of the cardiomyopathy phenotype in the C57BL/6N.
Association of Maternal Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status with Child’s Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status (2-5 years) in India
Authors: Ansari Gulafshan , Jain Swati , Bhatia Neena
Published: March 2020

Dietary diversity is a measure of the number of individual foods or food groups consumed in a given period of time. Consumption of more diverse diets is one of the many approaches to improve the nutrition situation. Malnutrition is linked with quality and quantity of dietary intake. A higher dietary diversity has been associated with better nutritional status in an individual. The present study was designed to assess the dietary diversity of the mother and her child, their nutritional status, and any association between these. The sample comprised of mothers (n=100) and their children aged, 2-5 years (n=100), residing in Shakurpur, an urban slum of Delhi, India.  Data on background information, obstetric history, household characteristics, and hygienic practices followed by the mother for herself and for her child, morbidity profile of mother and child, immunization, child feeding practices and birth information, were collected. Anthropometric measurements were taken for both mother and child and were analysed using Anthro plus software MDD-W (2016). Moderate wasting, underweight, and stunting were observed in 5%, 18%, and 20% of children respectively, as compared to severe wasting (4%), severe underweight (4%), and severe stunting (10%). No significant difference was observed in the height and weight of boys and girls.  A greater proportion of mothers of pre-schoolers were either pre-obese (20%) or obese (9%) than underweight (3%) as per WHO classification, while a little over half (68%) the mothers were of normal weight. The mother’s nutritional status was significantly associated with all the indicators of her child’s nutritional status (p=0.00). More than 50% of the study population (both mothers and children) were consuming ≥5 food groups. Inadequacy in dietary diversity was more in mothers (49%) than children (42%). An association between maternal dietary diversity and child dietary diversity (χ2= 14.577, p=0.000) was observed. However, no association was found between dietary diversity of either the child or the mother and the nutritional status of the children (p>0.05). Thus, the present study showed that the diet of the mother and her child as well as the nutritional status of a mother and her child are associated. This re- emphasizes the fact that a mother and child are very closely related.
Household Food Insecurity, Coping Strategies and Child Dietary Diversity (24-59 months) in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Samuel Folake O , Otitoju Ifeoluwa Omolara , Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul
Published: March 2020

Background and Objective: The importance of optimal nutrition should not be underestimated in population well-being and national development. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between household food insecurity (HFI) and child dietary diversity (CDD) in mother-child (24-59 months) pairs in an urban population.

 Method: HFI and CDD were assessed using primary data collected from a sample of 360 apparently healthy mother-child pairs from three local government wards in Ibadan, Nigeria. HFI was categorized as ‘food secure’ and ‘food insecure’ and the CDD score (CDDS) was classified as low (<4) and high (≥4). Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between HFI and CDD at P<0.05.

Results: 90.3% of households were food insecure and 30.0% of children had a low CDDS. The proportion of children with low CDD was significantly higher (P=0.012) among food-insecure households (32.0%) compared to children from food-secure households (11.4%). Similarly, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of high CDD given HFI was 0.266 (95% confidence interval 0.091, 0.783), P = 0.016.

 Conclusion: HFI was associated with the risk of low CDD and children from food-insecure households are about four times less likely to present high CDDS. It is vital to affirm the significance of HFI in the risk of low CDDS using a large multi-ethnic longitudinal cohort taking into cognizance relevant confounders.
Effectiveness of nutrition interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A meta-review
Authors: Rana Ritu , Menon Kavitha , Puthussery Shuby , Ravalia Anal , Panchal Pooja , Vaze Gauri , Tseng Pei-Ching , Mavalankar Dileep
Published: March 2020

Background: Undernutrition remains an unfinished agenda for a majority of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Numerous nutrition interventions have been implemented in LMICs and various indicators have been used to measure the impact of these interventions. The aim of this meta-review was to summarise the findings on the effectiveness of various nutrition interventions that have been implemented in LMICs on the WHO global nutrition targets-related outcomes. The six outcomes are- reducing stunting, wasting, anemia among women of reproductive age, low birthweight, childhood overweight, and improving exclusive breastfeeding. This study presents the results for one of the outcomes (stunting).    

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search on 21 electronic databases, including six regional and four systematic reviews (SRs) specific databases. Two researchers independently screened identified records against the inclusion criteria. Quality of included SRs were assessed using the AMSTAR tool. Extracted data were narratively synthesised examining the direction of impact. The review protocol was registered with the EPPI-Centre. 

Results: Of 6,597 SRs initially identified, 28 SRs that assessed outcomes of WHO global nutrition targets-related outcomes were eligible for inclusion. We found 12 SRs that assessed stunting outcomes, these SRs synthesised 68 quantitative primary studies, from 29 LMICs. All included SRs were of high quality. Eight nutrition interventions were reported in the included SRs- five nutrition-specific (n=9) and three nutrition-sensitive (n=3). Among all interventions, two nutrition-specific (complementary feeding: n=1; dietary supplementation: n=2) interventions showed a positive effect.

Conclusion: This meta-review identified, two interventions, complementary feeding and dietary supplementation, with most frequently reported evidence of positive impact on stunting. In LMICs, public health policymakers should consider these two interventions for scaling-up.
Corporate sponsorship and health halo for ultra-processed products
Authors: Piaggio Laura Raquel , Solans Andrea Monica
Published: March 2020

Objective

To describe the characteristics of corporate sponsorship during the 21st International Congress of Nutrition provided by food companies, and to analyse the measures proposed by the organizers to deal with prospective conflicts of interest.

Design

Qualitative study based on participant observation and document analysis.

Setting

21st International Congress of Nutrition, Buenos Aires, October 2017.

Analysis

The nutritional profile of the products advertised in the area of commercial exhibition was analysed according to the PAHO Nutrient Profile Model. The document analysis was based on the grounded theory to propose conceptual categories that organize the narratives on the aforementioned products.

Results

Large food corporations sponsoring the Congress advertised a selection of their products to health professionals and other participants attending the event. 92% of the exhibited food products were ultra-processed. 85% were high in added sugars, sodium, and/or saturated fats. Despite this unsuitable nutritional profile, narratives to endow ultra-processed products with a health halo were developed through three thematic axes: fortification with micro-nutrients, reformulation of products and symbolic reconversion of snacks by creating a positive assessment and removing negative connotations.

The measures adopted by the organization to deal with prospective conflicts of interests included space-time segmentation of activities and the requirement for the lecturers to submit a statement declaring their funding sources limited to each presentation. Space-time restrictions proved insufficient, and the declaration of funding sources was not a requirement for institutions organizing the symposia.

Conclusions

The influence of corporate sponsorship by food companies in the topics of scientific debate and dietary recommendations leads to questioning the efficacy of the measures adopted by the organizers to deal with the conflicts of interests. Said measures have been characterized as an institutionalized opacity policy.

It is necessary to define stricter standards to prevent sponsorship from companies that commercialize unhealthy products and/or that advertise products in an unsuitable way.
GOOD QUESTIONS 10: GIVEN OUR CONCERN ABOUT VIRUSES, WHAT SHOULD BE DONE ABOUT THE ABSENCE OF IMMUNE FACTORS IN INFANT FORMULA?
Authors: Kent George
Published: March 2020

There is a great deal of pressure to develop a safe and effective vaccine for COVID-19. However, we should take the long view and ask why we have had to deal with lethal virus outbreaks every few years. Our vulnerability to viruses may be due in part to changes in people’s diets. Particular attention should be given to increases in the use of infant formula. Unlike breastfeeding, feeding with infant formula does not protect and promote the development of infants’ immune systems. The absence of immune factors in infant formula should be fully recognized by the agencies responsible for the regulation of infant formula. Parents should learn about this deficiency of infant formula so they can make well-informed decisions about how they will feed their infants.
Site-specific fertilization approach increased productivity of rainfed ‘Ataúlfo’ mango
Authors: Salazar-García Samuel , Ibarra-Estrada Martha Elva , Hernández-Valdés Edgardo Federico , Medina-Torres Raúl , Fregoso-Tirado Luis Enrique
Published: March 2020

There is considerable diversity in fertilization management of ‘Ataúlfo’ mango (Mangifera indica L.) in the state of Nayarit, Mexico, and there is no systematic information available in this regard. The aim of this research was to evaluate the medium-term effect (2010‑14) of the site-specif ic fertilization approach on fruit yield and size in ‘Ataúlfo’ mango grown under rainfed conditions (annual average summer rainfall 1300-1450 mm). Two commercial orchards at 8 × 8 m spacing, one each in San Blas and Compostela municipalities in Nayarit were chosen. Fertilization treatments were: 1) Normal dose, which considered tree nutrient demand, periods of maximum root growth, nutrients provided by the soil, leaf nutrient concentrations and fertilization eff iciency; 2) High dose (1.5 times the normal dose); 3) Control, annual application of 3 kg per tree of 17-17-17 (N, P2O5, K2O). Soil and leaf samples were taken for nutrient analysis throughout the study. Treatments were randomly applied to 20 single tree-replicates at each orchard. For cumulative yield and fruit size a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (orchards × treatments) was used. For leaf nutrient concentrations, the year and fertilization treatments effect was analyzed using 10 replicates per treatment. Means comparison was performed with the Waller-Duncan test (P ≤ 0.05). The Normal dose increased yield 38% as compared to the Control, as well as fruit size. The highest total fruit yield and C22 (196-220 g) and C20 (221-250 g), as well as the highest cost-benef it, were obtained with the Normal dose. This treatment consisted of applying per year and tree, depending on the orchard, 509-608 g N, 21-206 g P, 132-582 g K, 19-234 g Mg, 6.5-18 g Fe, 6-46 g Mn, 2-6 g Zn and 3-13 g B.
Survey of fruit nutrient removal by mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars for the export market in various producing regions of Mexico
Authors: Mellado-Vázquez Adriana , Salazar-García Samuel , Goenaga Ricardo , López-Jiménez Alfredo
Published: March 2020

In Mexico there are more than 201 400 ha grown with different mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. This may cause variations in mineral requirement, fruit mineral concentrations and nutrient removal. The objective of this research was to make a survey of mineral concentration in fruit tissues and calculate nutrient removal by fruit tissues during harvest of the most important mango cultivars (Ataulfo, Kent and Tommy Atkins) from several production regions (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Nayarit, and Sinaloa) of Mexico. Fruit at physiological maturity were harvested from commercial mango orchards and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) was determined for skin, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed tissues. Each tissue was cut into thin slices and they were dehydrated in a forced air oven at 70 °C, after that, were pulverized and they were analyzed: nitrogen by semi-microKjeldahl digestion, phosphorus with the ascorbic acid method and the other nutrients with atomic absorption. The removal of nutrients was calculated considering the weight of the fruit and the content of nutrients in each tissue. Signif icant differences in the concentration of N, K, Mg, and Zn were found among cultivars and tissues. Concentration of P, S, Cu, and Mn in the skin, Ca, Cu, and Mn in the mesocarp, Ca, S, Mn, and B in endocarp, and S, Fe, and Mn in the seed were not affected by mango cultivar. Production region affected concentration of minerals in ‘Ataulfo’ fruit more than in ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’. Nutrient removal by mango fruit tissues was little affected in cvs. Ataulfo, Tommy Atkins and Kent. The regions with the greatest nutrient removal were Oaxaca, Campeche and Sinaloa for ‘Ataulfo’, ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’, respectively.
The studies of Bohai in Russia (USSR) and abroad
Authors: Kim Aleksandr
Published: March 2020

In monograph is considers history of studies of Bohai state in the Russia (USSR), Republic of Korea, DPRK, PRC, Japan and in the states of western world. In the work was considered main achievements and tendencies in the study of Bohai in the mentioned countries, specifics and features of research. The work does not claim to cover the whole topic, because the subject is global, therefore work focuses on highlights. Materials and conclusions of the monograph can be used in preparations of works on the history of medieval Russian Far East. Chapters of work can be useful for lectors, who teaching courses about Middle Ages of the East Asia, and for wide circle of readers interested in the history of East Asia.
Association between neck circumference and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Mohd Irman Shah Ibrahim , Hazama Mohamad , Amran Mohamad , Irfan Mohamad
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
Neck circumference (NC) is one of the parameters to be associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, there is lack of research data reflecting our local population with regard to the size of NC in relation to the severity of OSA.

Aim:
The primary goal of this study was to investigate the association of NC with OSA and to compare NC with other parameters as a predictor of the severity of OSA, among local population. This future reliable parameter can be used in front line clinics as to guide the referral to the tertiary center.

Material and methods:
This was a prospective study conducted upon 120 OSA patients, aged within 18–55 years, who underwent overnight polysomnography with apnea/hypopnea index more than 5 and met all the inclusion criteria. All patients completed the Epworth sleepiness scale questionnaire while all the parameter measurement including height, weight, body mass index and NC were documented.

Results and discussion:
A Pearson correlation analysis showed NC was significantly associated with OSA (r = 0.495, P < 0.001) while multiple linear regression model displayed an association between NC and lowest SpO2 desaturation during sleep (LSAT) as predictors of OSA severity (P < 0.001). Mean value of NC also significantly higher among severe OSA compared to mild OSA (42.7 ± 0.9 cm vs. 39.0 ± 1.3 cm; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
NC was significantly associated with OSA and both NC and LSAT were significantly correlated as predictors of OSA severity.