bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imagen E Imaginarios Sociales. Los Indios Yaqui en la Revista Hoy en 1939
Authors: Dorotinsky Deborah
Published: October 2016

Este artículo se aproxima a las fotografías de prensa realizadas por Ismael Casasola en 1939 que ilustraron el fotorreportaje ¡Vamos a ver al Pascola!, escrito por Gregorio Ortega a partir de una visita de ambos a la región de los indígenas yaquis y mayos. El propósito es mostrar cómo el abordaje de la mancuerna formada por textos e imágenes en los espacios de las revistas ilustradas fomentó la constitución de los imaginarios sociales posrevolucionarios, en particular los indigenistas. Como estudio de caso el fotorreportaje permite percatarnos de los estereotipos raciales, sociales y culturales y develar los modos de ver a los yaquis y mayos en 1939. Para analizar estas mancuernas constructoras de sentido se parte de las propuestas de la cultura visual.
Nopiloa y la representación de la tierra fecunda
Authors: Huckert Chantal
Published: October 2016

La figurilla sonajero se caracteriza por estar articulada de los brazos y por su estilo mayoide. La halló el arqueólogo Alfonso Medellín en 1958, en el contexto de un entierrro secundario de Nopiloa, centro-sur de Veracruz o Mixtequilla, y se encuentra en custodia del Museo de Antropología de Xalapa con el registro PJ282. El ensayo da cuenta de cinco temas iconográficos en su vestimenta, compuesta por un huipil y un enredo, además de las orejeras circulares moldeadas con la efigie del dios de la lluvia, tempestad, rayo y guerra, o Tlaloc. La imaginería de esta figurilla del Clásico tardío muestra elementos panmesoamericanos por sus formas y por las ideas que transmiten y su análisis plantea la hipótesis de que la figurilla constituye un modelo de las diosas madres telúricas, cuyos interiores orográficos o vientres generan abundancia.
La primera lámina del Códice Vaticano A. ¿Un modelo para justificar la topografía celestial de la Antigüedad pagana indígena?
Authors: Díaz Álvarez Ana Guadalupe
Published: October 2016

Los primeros folios del Códice Vaticano A contienen una sección cosmogónica donde se incluyen imágenes que pueden considerarse únicas dentro del repertorio mesoamericano. Su originalidad radica tanto en la forma como en el contenido, como se aprecia en la imagen del cielo, primera del documento. Después de analizar las tradiciones de representación del cielo en los contextos indígena y europeo, concluyo que la imagen del códice no es el último vestigio de la cultura nahua que sobrevivió a la destrucción cristiana, sino que fue la misma tradición escolástica la que influyó de manera determinante en su construcción. La obra se plantea como un complejo proceso creativo, colectivo y multicultural con el que se imprime un nuevo rostro al cielo; el cielo del Nuevo Mundo gestado con los trazos del pincel indígena.
Las construcciones de la imagen. La serie del Conjunto Urbano Nonoalco-Tlatelolco de Armando Salas Portugal
Authors: Jácome Moreno Cristóbal Andrés
Published: October 2016

En el sistema de representaciones de la arquitectura moderna en México, la obra del fotógrafo Armando Salas Portugal es de suma importancia. Conocido internacionalmente por codificar visualmente la obra del arquitecto Luis Barragán, Salas Portugal colaboró con una cantidad considerable de arquitectos, entre los que se encuentra Mario Pani. Un ejemplo del diálogo entre Salas Portugal y Pani fue la serie del Conjunto Urbano Nonoalco-Tlatelolco realizada en 1966, una vez terminada la construcción del multifamiliar. Integrada por imágenes que en su composición establecen nexos con la vanguardia fotográfica, la serie fue introducida en los medios de comunicación, específicamente en la revistaArquitectura-México, de la cual Pani era editor. Adentradas en el campo de las publicaciones, las fotografías de Salas Portugal adquieren un aspecto publicitario, cuyo fin fue promover tanto al arquitecto como la posibilidad de nuevos y mejores modelos de vida a través del magno conjunto habitacional.
José Mariano Oriñuela y su proyecto para el establecimiento de una Academia de Matemáticas en Querétaro
Authors: Ramírez Montes Mina
Published: October 2016

La fundación en la Nueva España de la Academia de San Carlos fue un factor determinante para encauzar la enseñanza de las artes y de las ciencias en un sistema escolarizado dentro de un espacio físico establecido y en un ambiente donde los docentes podían expresar y transmitir la teoría y la praxis. En Querétaro surgió la iniciativa de fundar una Academia de Matemáticas, la cual recibió el beneplácito del virrey en 1793. La idea de su creación nació del conocimiento y la disciplina de trabajo de un agrimensor, José Mariano Oriñuela, quien vivió en los siglos XVIII y XIX en esta ciudad y dedicó su vida a valuar y medir minas, sitios agrestes y urbanos aplicando las matemáticas y la geometría aprendida en las obras de Bails, Tosca y fray Lorenzo y en los tratados de arquitectura de Vitruvio y Palladio.
Pintores y doradores en Sevilla. 1650-1699. Documentos, de Duncan T. Kinkead (comp.)
Authors: Ruiz Gomar Rogelio
Published: October 2016

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La casa sede del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas en la ciudad de Oaxaca
Authors: Ortiz Gaitán Julieta
Published: October 2016

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Neo-Baroque Aesthetics and Contemporary Entertainment, de Angela Ndalianis
Authors: Krieger Peter
Published: October 2016

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Konfession, Bild und Macht. Visualisierung als katholisches Herrschafts-und Disziplinierungskonzept in Rom und im habsburgischen Schlesien, de Jens Baumgarten
Authors: Krieger Peter
Published: October 2016

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Tres revistas mexicanas de arquitectura. Portavoces de la modernidad, 1923-1950
Authors: Leidenberger Georg
Published: October 2016

En este artículo se examinan el contenido textual y gráfico así como el entorno institucional de las tres principales revistas de arquitectura en México entre 1923 y 1950.  Las coberturas de las revistas acerca del movimiento moderno de arquitectura se ligaron con las exigencias sociales, culturales y políticas del país en tiempos de la Revolución. A su vez, sus respectivas posturas dependían del marco institucional de cada publicación: El Arquitecto (1923-1933) fue cercana al gremio de arquitectos, Cemento/Tolteca (1925-1933), a la industria de la construcción, y Arquitectura-México (1938-1978), a una persona protagónica de la arquitectura nacional: Mario Pani. Las últimas dos revistas eran más proclives hacia la arquitectura moderna internacional que la primera. Este estudio hace hincapié en las características propias de la revista como un género del mundo editorial: sus enlaces con redes internacionales, sus tendencias diseminadoras y publicitarias y la importancia del mensaje visual junto con el textual.
José Luis Cuevas and the ‘New’ Latin American Artist
Authors: Fulton Christopher
Published: October 2016

José Luis Cuevas emerged in the mid-1950s as an independent artist who refused to subordinate his art to imposed standards and expectations. In his conflict with the artistic establishment he was defended by prominent critics and other artists of like mind and received crucial support from foreign sources, including the critic Marta Traba and curator José Gómez Sicre. He was heralded as an exemplar of the liberal spirit in Latin American art, and his frequent travels and personal associations placed him on an international stage. The present study of Cuevas’s activities from the mid-fifties through the early sixties considers him as a paradigmatic case of the “new” Latin American artist and as an agent in the process of dissolving barriers between the national artistic cultures of the region.
Giorgio Morandi and the "Return to Order": from Pittura Metafisica to Regionalism, 1917-1928
Authors: Aguirre Mariana
Published: October 2016

Este artículo analiza la obra y trayectoria de Giorgio Morandi con respecto a su participación tanto en la escuela metafísica italiana como en el grupo regional Strapaese. Sus autorretratos y bodegones demuestran que la expresión de Morandi de una estética metafísica engranaba con las estrategias de autorrepresentación del movimiento. Morandi imitó los autorretratos de De Chirico y el uso de maniquíes, promoviéndose como un artista metafísico y recalcando su propio intelecto. En 1920, en respuesta al nacionalismo italiano, Morandi se desplazó hacia el arte de Piero della Francesca, Cézanne y Soffici. Esto, finalmente, llevó al arista a crear imágenes de la Italia rural, lo cual le permitió ingresar al movimiento regionalista, cuyos críticos lo acogieron debido a su retorno a la tradición. Aunque este cambio en el estilo ha sido interpretado en términos formales, sostengo que, al abandonar la escuela metafísica, Morandi participó en el “regreso al orden” tanto político como cultural prevaleciente en Europa después de la primera guerra mundial.
Creatividad y democracia. Joseph Beuys y la crítica de la economía política
Authors: Gutiérrez Galindo Blanca
Published: October 2016

Este trabajo se articula a partir de la hipótesis de que, al ubicar el concepto de trabajo en el centro de su “teoría plástica”, Joseph Beuys elabora una crítica de la economía política en la cual sostiene su programa artístico de ampliación del arte y la plástica social. Desde esta perspectiva se exploran las relaciones entre la teoría del valor/trabajo de Marx y la teoría estética de Kant. La primera se refiere a las condiciones de alienación del trabajo en el sistema capitalista, la segunda define las condiciones de autonomía en las cuales se basa el arte en la modernidad. A partir del análisis y desarrollo de estos argumentos se intenta explicar la forma en que la superación de la autonomía del arte constituye su politización en las circunstancias históricas específicas de Alemania durante la década de los setenta.
James Joyce y Lucia Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Carl Gutsav Jung y el Wake
Authors: Del Conde Teresa
Published: October 2016

Este ensayo plantea, dentro de un medio en el que las investigaciones lingüísticas tuvieron un auge sobre todo con el dadísmo, la posible influencia de Lucia Joyce en el Finnegans Wake, la obra póstuma de James Joyce. El ensayo crítico detecta con lucidez y sensibilidad los juegos de palabras a los que se abre la prosa abundante del Wake, mostrando así el enorme potencial asociativo de vocablos en el proceso mismo de la lectura y su reflejo en el intento de traducción que realizara el escritor mexicano, Salvador Elizondo. Además pone al descubierto el papel que desempeñaron  personas allegadas a los Joyce como Samuel Beckett y Carl Gustav Jung. De esta forma, la trama constituye un complemento y revisión de la biografía de Carol Loeb Schloss.
El grupo familiar de Juan Patricio Morlete Ruiz, pintor novohispano
Authors: Sanchiz Javier
Published: October 2016

Este estudio contiene una revisión bibliográfica desde mediados del siglo xix, sobre la figura de Juan Gil Patricio Morlete Ruiz, con la finali-dad de establecer de forma escalonada cómo fue conformándose su biografía. La publicación del retrato de Carlos III contribuye a incrementar el conocimiento de su obra, y la localización de su partida de defunción en la parroquia del Sagrario permite fijar definitivamente las fechas extremas de su vida (1713-1772). La reconstrucción de la familia de Morlete, realizada a partir de los registros sacramentales de la ciudad de México, descubre la existencia de 19 hijos, fruto de sus dos matrimonios y aporta algunas apreciaciones sobre las redes sociales establecidas por él mediante el compadrazgo, las cuales podrán ser de utilidad en futuros estudios para ahondar en la biografía del pintor.
Vestigios de historia: el archivo familiar en el cine documental
Authors: Wood David M.J.
Published: October 2016

En años recientes tanto los archivos fílmicos como los realizadores del cine documental y experimental han mostrado un creciente interés en preservar, coleccionar y reemplear el cine casero y amateur analógico para dar pie a nuevas maneras de narrar y de pensar el pasado: parte de una tendencia más amplia de interrogar la historia desde lo subjetivo y lo corpóreo. En México, realizadores como Natalia Almada, Gregorio Rocha y Bruno Varela, así como el proyecto Archivo Memoria de la Cineteca Nacional, articulan diversas propuestas en torno a este tipo de producción fílmica, y debaten su estatuto como registro histórico de un pasado tangible, como objeto de seducción, como memoria fragmentada, prostética o mecánica, y como artefacto ritual. Estos distintos usos del metraje no profesional proponen diversas maneras de intervenir en la esfera pública contemporánea.
Maruja Bardasano, entre la danza y la pintura en el exilio mexicano
Authors: Murga Castro Idoia
Published: October 2016

Maruja Bardasano (Madrid, 1935) es una de las artistas más polifacéticas y brillantes del exilio republicano español establecido en Mexico al finalizar la Guerra Civil en 1939. Hija de los pintores José Bardasano y Juana Francisca Rubio, con quienes llegó a bordo of the Sinaia, se formó tanto en artes plásticas como en ballet clásico. Durante los primeros años de la década de los años cincuenta formó parte, entre otras compañías, del Ballet Concierto de Sergio Unger, en la cual llegó a ser primera solista y donde desarrolló puntualmente la escenografía. Paralelamente, se convirtió en una brillante pintora que expuso en el Círculo de Bellas Artes de México. En 1956 retornó a España, donde se dedicó por completo a la pintura, actividad que continúa desarrollando en la actualidad. En este artículo se analizan las aportaciones más destacadas de esta artista, poniendo especial atención a su faceta de bailarina en el exilio en México.
Sensorial, Supra-Sensorial, Hélio-Sensorial. Analyzing Oiticica in Action
Authors: Hinterwaldner Inge
Published: October 2016

Este texto estudia el conjunto de trabajos de los Parangolés que el artista brasileno Hélio Oiticica desarrolló entre 1964 y 1978 a partir de incursiones teóricas en la psicología del juego, del psicoanálisis, de los cultos religiosos y el arte op. Para Oiticica estas capas de uso interactivo ofrecen posibilidades de expresión creativa. Mediante el análisis de una película documental que muestra al artista usando un parangolé, se evidencia que la expresividad está destinada principalmente al participante mismo. Oiticica lo llama autosensación e intenta alcanzar lo suprasensorial. Es un experimento que emplea todo el cuerpo y especialmente los órganos sensoriales. Esto singulariza sus propuestas artísticas que requieren del participante una inmersión en sí mismo y disfrutar de las sensaciones puras, preferiblemente antes de cualquier conceptualización. Las estructuras y colores en constante movimiento conducen con una atención desenfocada a una especie de sobrecarga que atenúa una postura distanciada identificable para promover así una inmersión comparable a un trance.
El legado de los escultores: un estudio de las firmas de artistas registradas en los monumentos mayas del periodo Clásico Tardío
Authors: Vega Villalobos María Elena
Published: October 2016

Este artículo se presenta como un esfuerzo por estudiar las firmas de artistas contenidas en 20 monumentos públicos mayas del periodo Clasico Tardío. Por medio de un análisis histórico y epigráfico se examinan las representaciones artísticas de las esculturas, su temporalidad y los títulos presentes en las firmas de los tallistas. Esto con el objeto de entender el papel que el escultor maya desempeñó en la creación de una obra determinada, para conocer, en la medida de lo posible, la libertad que dicho escultor tuvo en la creación personal de las imágenes que ilustran el registro escrito. También se menciona la identidad personal de los escultores, su conciencia de clase, así como en la formación técnica de cada uno de ellos. Este artículo demuestra que los escultores mayas que firmaron sus creaciones artísticas fueron los autores intelectuales y materiales de la imagen contenida en los monumentos.
Tunnel Operations, Maintenance, Inspection, and Evaluation Manual, 2015: Practical Implications for Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems
Authors: English Gary
Published: October 2016

Practical implications of the new Tunnel Operations, Maintenance, Inspection, and Evaluation (TOMIE) Manual with regard to fire protection and life safety systems (FPLSS) are discussed, and resources are suggested for assistance in TOMIE manual implementation in this subject area. The new TOMIE manual takes a major and long-needed step toward the formalization of road tunnel inspection and maintenance requirements and protocols. The new program will not only benefit the condition and life of the structural elements of the tunnel but also enhance the public’s safety. According to the manual, “many tunnels have complicated functional systems such as lighting, ventilation, drainage, fire detection and alarms, fire suppression, communication and traffic control; these systems must be kept in good working order to minimize death and injury during an emergency such as a vehicle collision, fire, flood, earthquake, or criminal act.” All the operating mechanical and electrical systems mentioned above can be considered FPLSS. In an emergency each of these systems, and several others, has a role to play in ensuring that occupants have the best chance to survive and that responders can reach the scene as quickly as possible. This paper briefly examines FPLSS inspection and testing as related to the TOMIE manual. Although the TOMIE manual is an important step forward in protecting infrastructure and ensuring public safety, it cannot cover all the detailed requirements for operating, maintaining, inspecting, and evaluating the complex mechanical and electrical systems of FPLSS.
Conducting Efficient Transit Surveys of Households Surrounding Transit-Oriented Developments
Authors: Weiner Marc D. , Puniello Orin T. , Noland Robert B.
Published: October 2016

This paper presents best practices for transit survey protocols targeted at small geographic areas such as those in and around transit-oriented development and for households proximate to transit stations. The widespread dissemination of cell phones and rapidly decreasing presence of in-household landlines has made telephone interviewing prohibitively expensive; moreover, the portability of cell phone numbers has confounded small-area probability sampling. A postal mail push-to-web protocol described here is a more cost-efficient approach for small-area data collection, particularly when probability samples are sought. Address files are available from postal databases, and the strategy is to send respondents details on how to access an online questionnaire; continued nonresponse is then followed up, with the final mailed contact including a paper questionnaire. Embedded in the contacting protocol is a survey research experiment in which a method for maximizing response rates, the use of web instruction cards, is examined in the context of the mail push-to-web survey protocol. Results led to four optimization techniques: first, the mail push-to-web protocol described in this paper minimizes printing and mailing costs as well as computer data entry error from paper survey instruments; second, prenotification letters also serve to reduce those costs by indicating nondeliverable addresses to be deleted from the sample frame; third, web cards—whether generic or tailored—are ineffective; and fourth, from persuasive evidence, name association (i.e., having a commercial sample firm append names to the sample frame and using those names to personalize the mailing) has a strong positive effect on response propensity.
Estimating Freeway Travel Times Using the General Motors Model
Authors: Yang Shu , Wu Yao-Jan , Yin Zhaozheng , Feng Yiheng
Published: October 2016

Travel time is a key transportation performance measure because of its diverse applications. Various modeling approaches to estimating freeway travel time have been well developed due to widespread installation of intelligent transportation system sensors. However, estimating accurate travel time using existing freeway travel time models is still challenging under congested conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an innovative freeway travel time estimation model based on the General Motors (GM) car-following model. Since the GM model is usually used in a microsimulation environment, the concepts of virtual leading and virtual following vehicles are proposed to allow the GM model to be used in macroscale environments using aggregated traffic sensor data. Travel time data collected from three study corridors on I-270 in Saint Louis, Missouri, were used to verify the estimated travel times produced by the proposed General Motors travel time estimation (GMTTE) model and two existing models, the instantaneous model and the time-slice model. The results showed that the GMTTE model outperformed the two existing models due to lower mean average percentage errors of 1.62% in free-flow conditions and 6.66% in two congested conditions. Overall, the GMTTE model demonstrated its robustness and accuracy for estimating freeway travel times.
Big-Data Analytics Drives Parking Policy: Evaluating Adherence to Meter Time Limits in Washington, D.C.
Authors: Liang Xiaomeng , Pérez Benito O. , Dey Soumya S. , Haney Heather , Kim Jasmin Y.
Published: October 2016

A case study of how big-data analytics can help to evaluate the effectiveness of existing policies and to formulate new policies is presented in this paper. The District Department of Transportation (DOT) in Washington, D.C., analyzed data for meter time limit adherence, identifying “overstays” at on-street metered parking spaces beyond the prescribed time limit. This analysis assessed the prevalence of meter overstays, citation patterns, and characteristics of that area. This information could help to determine the validity of existing time limits and develop a pricing structure that would shift longer-duration parkers to off-street garages. The analysis of overstays was conducted by using parking transaction data from the District DOT’s pay-by-cell program, transactions at networked single- and multispace meters, and parking citation data for overstays. Maps were created to identify areas experiencing historically, chronically, or persistently high rates of overstays. An assessment based on existing land use gauged whether overstays were attributable to policy flaws (not enough time to conduct business at adjacent land use) or to customers trying to “game the system” because of financial benefits (e.g., arbitrage opportunities). On the basis of a particular situation, the District DOT can consider adjusting time limits, reformulate enforcement protocols, or develop a graduated pricing strategy that minimizes the monetary incentive of parking on street.
Case Study on Cooperative Car Data for Estimating Traffic States in an Urban Network
Authors: Montero Lidia , Pacheco Meritxell , Barceló Jaume , Homoceanu Silviu , Casanovas Josep
Published: October 2016

The use of floating car data as a particular case of probe vehicle data has been the object of extensive research for estimating traffic conditions, travel times, and origin-to-destination trip matrices. It is based on data collected from a GPS-equipped vehicle fleet or available cell phones. Cooperative cars with vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication capabilities represent a step forward, as they also allow tracking of vehicles surrounding the equipped car. This paper presents the results of a limited experiment with a small fleet of cooperative cars in the central business district of Barcelona, Spain, known as L’Eixample District. Data collected from the experiment were used to build and calibrate the emulation of cooperative functions in a microscopic simulation model that captured the behavior of vehicle sensors in Barcelona’s central business district. Such a calibrated model allows emulating fleet data on a large scale that goes far beyond what a small fleet of cooperative vehicles could capture. To determine the traffic state, several approaches were developed for estimating traffic variables—whose accuracy depends on the penetration level of the technology—on the basis of extensions of Edie’s generalized definitions of the fundamental traffic variables with the emulated data.
Generating a Vehicle Trajectory Database from Time-Lapse Aerial Photography
Authors: Zhang Wang , Jordan Gregory , Livshits Vladimir
Published: October 2016

The advancing art of microsimulation modeling is driving a growing interest in vehicle trajectory databases. These can be rich sources of travel information, providing origin–destination patterns, path choices, travel times or delays, and lane changing behavior. These metrics have historically been difficult to acquire, and even with the approach of the big-data era, it remains a challenge to collect high-quality, granular vehicle trajectory data. This paper describes how use of state-of-the-practice time-lapse aerial photography (TLAP), acquired continuously for up to several hours at 1-s frame rates, can produce trajectory data sets with high granularity. These surveys involve the use of airborne digital cameras held in stationary positions about one mile above the ground, to record the movement of virtually all highway vehicles in defined study areas. In this paper, TLAP’s differences from similar military imaging capabilities, such as wide-area motion imagery, are discussed, to explain how TLAP can be affordable for highway traffic studies. Then local survey design and execution for a study in the Phoenix, Arizona, area are presented. Flight and photography survey planning, image alignment, and data extraction methods are discussed; and study output and graphics are presented near the end. Big data someday will likely be magically able to supply all the field data needed for complex analysis or simulation of specific study areas; for now, however, 1-s TLAP can provide many of those benefits.
Comparative Analysis of Traffic Performance of Urban Transportation Systems
Authors: Amini Behnam , Peiravian Farideddin , Mojarradi Morteza , Derrible Sybil
Published: October 2016

The network structure of an urban transportation system has a significant impact on its traffic performance. This study used network indicators along with several traffic performance measures, including speed, trip length, travel time, and traffic volume, to compare a selection of seven transportation networks with a variety of structures under different travel demand conditions. The selected network structures were modified linear, branch, grid, three-directional grid, one-ring web, two-ring web, and radial. Chosen for the analysis was a base origin–destination matrix to which different multiplier factors were applied to simulate various travel demand conditions. Results show that overall the two-ring web network offered the most efficient traffic performance, followed by the grid and the one-ring networks. A policy application of this study is that the branch, three-directional grid, and radial networks are suited mostly for small cities with uncongested traffic conditions. In contrast, the two-ring web, grid, and one-ring web networks are better choices for large urban areas because they offer more connectivity and thus allow them to perform efficiently under congested traffic conditions.
Le crowdfunding et les jeunes
Authors: Bouaiss Karima , Maque Isabelle
Published: October 2016

Cette étude vise une meilleure connaissance des pratiques des jeunes afin de saisir leurs connaissances et comportements vis-à-vis du crowdfunding. L’échantillon comprend 435 étudiants (23,5 ans en moyenne). L’étude dévoile trois profils : « les crowdfunders actifs », « les crowdfunders potentiels » et « les non-intéressés ». Les résultats mettent également en avant de fortes singularités selon le genre. Ainsi les étudiants montrent un intérêt plus important pour les projets de type entrepreneuriaux alors que les étudiantes sont plus sensibles au financement d’actions humanitaires et civiles.
La régénération stratégique d’un réseau interorganisationnel territorialisé
Authors: Detchenique Guillaume , Loilier Thomas
Published: October 2016

Selon un cadre conceptuel construit à partir de la littérature sur les stratégies de territorialisation, la gouvernance et la proximité, une étude de cas sur la régénération d’un réseau interorganisationnel a été réalisée. En étudiant l’évolution de la production cidricole normande à partir de 1990, l’analyse qualitative de trente entretiens et de données secondaires fait ressortir trois phases successives durant le processus de régénération présentant chacune des spécificités en matière de stratégie de territorialisation, de gouvernance du réseau et de mobilisation des différentes formes de proximité.
Contrôler pour la foule ?
Authors: Fasshauer Ingrid
Published: October 2016

Le financement participatif, phénomène en plein essor, se positionne comme un moyen alternatif de financer les PME en faisant appel à la « foule », ensemble d’investisseurs non experts. Chargées par le législateur de donner des garanties à ces nouveaux investisseurs, les plateformes proposent des approches différenciées de la sélection et du suivi des entreprises financées en fonction du degré d’implication respectif des investisseurs et de la plateforme. À l’aide d’une étude de cas portant sur une plateforme d’equity-crowdfunding, cet article met en évidence les leviers de contrôle (Simons, 1995) pouvant être activés, mêlant valeurs et éléments financiers et permet de s’interroger sur le rôle d’intermédiaire de la plateforme et la réalité de la « définanciarisation » de l’évaluation (Bessière et Stéphany, 2014).
Une coopération transformée par l’initiative d’un réseau social numérique
Authors: Morgand Audrey
Published: October 2016

La transformation organisationnelle est un thème fortement relié aux systèmes d’information. L’auteur propose une mise en lumière du phénomène de la transformation. L’article met en évidence la coopération dans un réseau social universitaire. Les résultats montrent l’existence d’interactions entre la capacité structurante de la technologie, les pratiques et les logiques d’action collective. La transformation de la coopération ne peut être soumise et demande une intentionnalité de l’acteur.
Spatial Relations and the Struggle for Space
Authors: Paddock Troy
Published: October 2016

This article examines the influence of Friedrich Ratzel’s idea of the struggle for space and its impact on cultural and national development depicted in German geography and history textbooks from the Wilhelmine era to the Third Reich. Ratzel’s concept of bio-geography conceived the state as a living organism that is the product of humanity’s interaction with the land and also facilitates humanity’s spread across the earth. German textbooks promoted a similar concept of the state in their portrayal of geography and history, the implications of which were appropriated by the National Socialists to support their geopolitical goals.
Dutch Economic Textbooks in the 1970s
Authors: Gorter Gerrit F. , Amsing Hilda T. A. , Dekker Jeroen J. H.
Published: October 2016

Essential Economics, the influential economics education textbook written by Arnold Heertje for use in Dutch secondary schools in the 1970s, was characterized by a previously unknown and internationally exceptional degree of abstraction. Its users justified this degree of abstraction by arguing that it fulfilled the needs of mental schooling (in line with the formal education argument upheld by defenders of humanism) and that it would enhance the rigorous status of the new type of school known as athenaeum A. In the 1970s, this economics education design was criticized by Herman Hartkamp, who strove to ground economics education on pupil-centered and social meliorist principles. By explaining this struggle and its outcome, this article exposes the various educational ideologies found in textbooks in the segmented Dutch school system.
Registration of ‘Highpro1’ Soybean with High Protein and High Yield Developed from a North × South Cross
Authors: Mian M. A. Rouf , McHale Leah , Li Zenglu , Dorrance Anne E.
Published: October 2016

‘Highpro1’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]) (Reg. No. CV‐521, PI 678444) was developed and jointly released by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster, OH, as a high‐protein high‐yielding maturity group (MG) III (relative maturity 3.7) conventional soybean cultivar. Highpro1 is a selection from a cross between a food‐grade soybean cultivar, ‘Wyandot’, from The Ohio State University and a high‐protein breeding line, GASF98‐114, from University of Georgia Athens. Across 20 environments in the Northern Regional Soybean MG‐III Quality Traits Tests, Highpro1 yielded (3746 kg ha−1) the same as the mean yield of four high‐yielding check cultivars in the tests, and its protein content was much higher than the checks. On a 13% (w/w) moisture basis, Highpro1 produced 401 g kg−1 seed protein compared with the check cultivars’ averages of 344 g kg−1 seed protein. Across five environments of yield testing in Ohio, this line produced 4% higher seed yield and 45 g kg−1 higher seed protein content than the early‐maturing parental cultivar Wyandot. However, it is 7 d later in maturity with 18 g kg−1 lower seed oil content than Wyandot. In 2012 Ohio State Soybean Performance Trials, seed yields of Highpro1 were comparable to the yields of high‐yield check cultivars of similar maturity and 10% higher than that of Wyandot. Highpro1 is resistant to southern root knot nematode, and it has high level of partial resistance to Phytophthora root and stem rot.
Online Chats to Assess Stakeholder Perceptions of Meat Chicken Intensification and Welfare
Authors: Howell Tiffani , Rohlf Vanessa , Coleman Grahame , Rault Jean-Loup
Published: October 2016

Evidence suggests that there is variation in support for specific chicken farming practices amongst stakeholder groups, and this should be explored in more detail to understand the nature of these differences and work towards convergence. Online focus groups were used to assess attitudes to animal welfare in meat chicken farming in this pilot study. Across six online chats, 25 participants (general public, n = 8; animal advocacy group, n = 11, meat chicken industry, n = 3; research or veterinary practice who had experience with poultry but no declared industry affiliation, n = 3) discussed meat chicken intensification and welfare. Of those, 21 participants completed pre- and post-chat surveys gauging perceptions and objective knowledge about meat chicken management. Main reasons for intensification support were perceptions of improved bird health, and perceptions that it is a cost-effective, sustainable farming system. Reasons for opposition included perceptions that a large number of birds kept are in close proximity and have limited ability to perform natural behaviours. Misunderstandings about current practices were clarified in chats which contained industry representation. Participants agreed on the need for enforceable standards and industry transparency. Industry-affiliated members rated welfare of meat chickens higher, and gave lower ratings for the importance of natural living, than other stakeholder groups (both p = 0.001). On average, while objective knowledge of intensification increased after chat participation (p = 0.03), general welfare ratings and support for intensification did not change over time, counter to assertions that lack of knowledge results in lack of support for some practices.
Degree of Conversion and Oxygen-Inhibited Layer Effect of Three Dental Adhesives
Authors: Robertson Lindsay , Phaneuf Melissa , Haimeur Asmaa , Pesun Igor , França Rodrigo
Published: October 2016

This study investigated the effect of the oxygen-inhibited layer on the degree of conversion (DC) of three dental adhesives, comparing two different protocols. Quartz–tungsten–halogen (QTH) light curing and light-emitting diode (LED) were used to cure three adhesives: OptiBond All in One (OAIO), Adper Easy Bond (AEB) and ExciteF (EXF). The DC was calculated utilizing Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (n = 12). The two protocols used were as follows: (i) prevent the oxygen-inhibited layer using a Mylar plastic strip pushed onto each bonding adhesive; and (ii) polymerize samples without a plastic strip. The data was analyzed statistically by a three-way ANOVA, and Tukey Test (a = 0.05). The presence of an oxygen-inhibited layer reduced the DC of the adhesives by 64% for EXF, 46% for AEB and 32% for OAIO. This study suggests that there are differences among the oxygen-inhibited layers present for the adhesives tested.
Social Networks and Choice Set Formation in Discrete Choice Models
Authors: Wichmann Bruno , Chen Minjie , Adamowicz Wiktor
Published: October 2016

The discrete choice literature has evolved from the analysis of a choice of a single item from a fixed choice set to the incorporation of a vast array of more complex representations of preferences and choice set formation processes into choice models. Modern discrete choice models include rich specifications of heterogeneity, multi-stage processing for choice set determination, dynamics, and other elements. However, discrete choice models still largely represent socially isolated choice processes —individuals are not affected by the preferences of choices of other individuals. There is a developing literature on the impact of social networks on preferences or the utility function in a random utility model but little examination of such processes for choice set formation. There is also emerging evidence in the marketplace of the influence of friends on choice sets and choices. In this paper we develop discrete choice models that incorporate formal social network structures into the choice set formation process in a two-stage random utility framework. We assess models where peers may affect not only the alternatives that individuals consider or include in their choice sets, but also consumption choices. We explore the properties of our models and evaluate the extent of “errors” in assessment of preferences, economic welfare measures and market shares if network effects are present, but are not accounted for in the econometric model. Our results shed light on the importance of the evaluation of peer or network effects on inclusion/exclusion of alternatives in a random utility choice framework.
On the Application of the Raspberry Pi as an Advanced Acoustic Sensor Network for Noise Monitoring
Authors: Noriega-Linares Juan , Navarro Ruiz Juan
Published: October 2016

The concept of Smart Cities and the monitoring of environmental parameters is an area of research that has attracted scientific attention during the last decade. These environmental parameters are well-known as important factors in their affection towards people. Massive monitoring of this kind of parameters in cities is an expensive and complex task. Recent technologies of low-cost computing and low-power devices have opened researchers to a wide and more accessible research field, developing monitoring devices for deploying Wireless Sensor Networks. Gathering information from them, improved urban plans could be carried out and the information could help citizens. In this work, the prototyping of a low-cost acoustic sensor based on the Raspberry Pi platform for its use in the analysis of the sound field is described. The device is also connected to the cloud to share results in real time. The computation resources of the Raspberry Pi allow treating high quality audio for calculating acoustic parameters. A pilot test was carried out with the installation of two acoustic devices in the refurbishment works of a neighbourhood. In this deployment, the evaluation of these devices through long-term measurements was carried out, obtaining several acoustic parameters in real time for its broadcasting and study. This test has shown the Raspberry Pi as a powerful and affordable computing core of a low-cost device, but also the pilot test has served as a query tool for the inhabitants of the neighbourhood to be more aware about the noise in their own place of residence.
Approximate Methods for the Generation of Dark Matter Halo Catalogs in the Age of Precision Cosmology
Authors: Monaco Pierluigi
Published: October 2016

Precision cosmology has recently triggered new attention on the topic of approximate methods for the clustering of matter on large scales, whose foundations date back to the period from the late 1960s to early 1990s. Indeed, although the prospect of reaching sub-percent accuracy in the measurement of clustering poses a challenge even to full N-body simulations, an accurate estimation of the covariance matrix of clustering statistics, not to mention the sampling of parameter space, requires usage of a large number (hundreds in the most favourable cases) of simulated (mock) galaxy catalogs. Combination of few N-body simulations with a large number of realizations performed with approximate methods gives the most promising approach to solve these problems with a reasonable amount of resources. In this paper I review this topic, starting from the foundations of the methods, then going through the pioneering efforts of the 1990s, and finally presenting the latest extensions and a few codes that are now being used in present-generation surveys and thoroughly tested to assess their performance in the context of future surveys.
Investigating the Innermost Jet Structures of Blazar S5 0716+714 Using Uniquely Dense Intra-day Photo-polarimetric Observations
Authors: Bhatta Gopal
Published: October 2016

The sub-hour timescale variability commonly observed in blazars—widely known as intra-day or microvariability—has been extensively studied in optical photo-polarimetric bands over the past 25–30 years. In addition, there have been comprehensive theoretical discussions on the topic, with various models and scenarios proposed; however, the phenomenon still remains relatively poorly understood. Here we present the summary of our optical microvariability studies over the past few years based on multi-frequency photo-polarimetric Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) observation campaigns. The primary objective of the study was to explore the characteristics of the source microvariability on timescales of a few minutes to a few days using exceptionally dense photo-polarimetric observations. The results show that the source often displays fast variability with an amplitude as large as 0.3 mag within a few hours, as well as color variability on similar time scales often characterized by “bluer-when-brighter” trend. Similarly, the correlation between variability in flux and polarization appears to depend upon the configuration of the optical polarization angle relative to the positional angle of the innermost radio core of the jet. Other fascinating observations include a sudden and temporary disappearance in the observed variability lasting for ∼6 h. In addition, the modeling of individual microflares strongly suggests that the phenomenon of microvariability can be best explained by convolved emission from compact emission sites distributed stochastically in the turbulent jet. Besides, analysis of some of the well resolved micro-flares exhibiting high degrees of polarization points towards a complex magnetic geometry pervading the jet with the possible presence of small-scale regions of highly ordered and enhanced magnetic field similar to so-called “magnetic islands”.
Identification of Vape Shops in Two North Carolina Counties: An Approach for States without Retailer Licensing
Authors: Lee Joseph , D’Angelo Heather , Kuteh Jaleel , Martin Ryan
Published: October 2016

Stores that sell electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) as their primary product are a new phenomenon and often termed “vape shops”. While vape shops are now regulated by state and federal agencies, not all states maintain lists of vape shops in operation. Standard ways of identifying tobacco retailers through off-premise alcohol permits and business listing services may not identify vape shops. We used four online business listing services (i.e., Google Maps, ReferenceUSA, YellowPages.com, Yelp) to identify vape shops in two counties in North Carolina (NC). In one county, we also assessed four vaping web sites. We drove primary and secondary roads to physically validate the identified stores and attempt to identify stores not listed online. To assess the accuracy of the online searches, we calculated sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPVs). This research was conducted in spring and summer 2016 and identified 28 vape shops online. We confirmed 16 vape shops (seven in Pitt County, NC, USA, and nine in Durham County, NC, USA). Online searches ranged in sensitivity, 62.5%–81.3%, and PPVs ranged from 73.3% to 92.3%. Because of the range of sensitivity found among the business listing services, state policymakers should consider uniform licensing requirements for vape and tobacco retailers to more easily track retailers and ensure compliance with regulations.
Urinary Angiotensinogen Could Be a Prognostic Marker of the Renoprotection of Olmesartan in Metabolic Syndrome Patients
Authors: Mizushige Tomoko , Kobori Hiroyuki , Hitomi Hirofumi , Nishijima Yoko , Tomoda Fumihiro , Morimoto Satoshi , Kohno Masakazu , Nishiyama Akira
Published: October 2016

This study was performed to demonstrate urinary angiotensinogen as a potential prognostic marker of the albuminuria reduction effects of olmesartan in patients with metabolic syndrome. In 24 patients (eight women, 57.88 ± 2.00 years), 5–40 mg/day of olmesartan were given. Urinary concentrations of albumin and angiotensinogen (normalized by urinary concentrations of creatinine) and plasma renin activity were measured before and after the 12- and 24-week marks of olmesartan treatment. Olmesartan treatment increased plasma renin activity and decreased urinary albumin and urinary angiotensinogen significantly (p < 0.05). Based on the % change in urinary albumin, patients were divided into two groups, responders (<−50%) and non-responders (≥−50%), and a logistic analysis of urinary angiotensinogen before treatment showed the area under the curve as 0.694. When the cutoff value of urinary angiotensinogen before the treatment of 13.9 µg/g Cr was used, the maximum Youden index (0.500, specificity: 11/12 = 91.7% and sensitivity: 7/12 = 58.3%) was obtained. When all patients were re-divided into two groups, those with higher values of urinary angiotensinogen before the treatment (Group H, n = 16) and those with lower values, Group H showed significantly decreased urinary albumin (p < 0.05). Therefore, urinary angiotensinogen could be a prognostic marker of the albuminuria reduction effects of olmesartan in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kadota Tsukasa , Fujita Yu , Yoshioka Yusuke , Araya Jun , Kuwano Kazuyoshi , Ochiya Takahiro
Published: October 2016

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the progression of irreversible airflow limitation and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although several crucial mechanisms of COPD pathogenesis have been studied, the precise mechanism remains unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are released from almost all cell types and are recognized as novel cell–cell communication tools. They have been shown to carry and transfer a wide variety of molecules, such as microRNAs, messenger RNAs, and proteins, which are involved in physiological functions and the pathology of various diseases. Recently, EVs have attracted considerable attention in pulmonary research. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of EV-mediated COPD pathogenesis. We also discuss the potential clinical usefulness of EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for the treatment of COPD.