bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Willingness to Share Wearable Device Data for Research Among Mechanical Turk Workers: Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Taylor Casey Overby , Flaks-Manov Natalie , Ramesh Shankar , Choe Eun Kyoung
Published: September 2021

Background

Wearable devices that are used for observational research and clinical trials hold promise for collecting data from study participants in a convenient, scalable way that is more likely to reach a broad and diverse population than traditional research approaches. Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a potential resource that researchers can use to recruit individuals into studies that use data from wearable devices.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of wearable device users on MTurk that are associated with a willingness to share wearable device data for research. We also aimed to determine whether compensation was a factor that influenced the willingness to share such data.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey study of MTurk workers who use wearable devices for health monitoring. A 19-question web-based survey was administered from March 1 to April 5, 2018, to participants aged ≥18 years by using the MTurk platform. In order to identify characteristics that were associated with a willingness to share wearable device data, we performed logistic regression and decision tree analyses.

Results

 A total of 935 MTurk workers who use wearable devices completed the survey. The majority of respondents indicated a willingness to share their wearable device data (615/935, 65.8%), and the majority of these respondents were willing to share their data if they received compensation (518/615, 84.2%). The findings from our logistic regression analyses indicated that Indian nationality (odds ratio [OR] 2.74, 95% CI 1.48-4.01, P=.007), higher annual income (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.26-3.67, P=.02), over 6 months of using a wearable device (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.21-2.29, P=.006), and the use of heartbeat and pulse tracking monitoring devices (OR 1.60, 95% CI 0.14-2.07, P=.01) are significant parameters that influence the willingness to share data. The only factor associated with a willingness to share data if compensation is provided was Indian nationality (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.24-0.9, P=.02). The findings from our decision tree analyses indicated that the three leading parameters associated with a willingness to share data were the duration of wearable device use, nationality, and income.

Conclusions

Most wearable device users indicated a willingness to share their data for research use (with or without compensation; 615/935, 65.8%). The probability of having a willingness to share these data was higher among individuals who had used a wearable for more than 6 months, were of Indian nationality, or were of American (United States of America) nationality and had an annual income of more than US $20,000. Individuals of Indian nationality who were willing to share their data expected compensation significantly less often than individuals of American nationality (P=.02).
Peer Support Specialists’ Perspectives of a Standard Online Research Ethics Training: Qualitative Study
Authors: Fortuna Karen L , Marceau Skyla R , Kadakia Arya , Pratt Sarah I , Varney Joy , Walker Robert , Myers Amanda L , Thompson Shavon , Carter Katina , Greene Kaycie , Pringle Willie
Published: September 2021

Background

Certified peer support specialists (CPS) have a mental health condition and are trained and certified by their respective state to offer Medicaid reimbursable peer support services. CPS are increasingly involved as partners in research studies. However, most research ethics training in the protection of human subjects is designed for people who, unlike CPS, have had exposure to prior formal research training.

Objective

The aim of this study is to explore the perspectives of CPS in completing the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative Social and Behavioral Responsible Conduct of Research online training.

Methods

A total of 5 CPS were recruited using a convenience sample framework through the parent study, a patient-centered outcomes research study that examined the comparative effectiveness of two chronic health disease management programs for people with serious mental illness. Participants independently completed the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative Social and Behavioral Responsible Conduct of Research online training. All participants completed 15 online modules in approximately 7-9 hours and also filled out a self-report measure of executive functioning (the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory [ADEXI]). Qualitative data were collected from a 1-hour focus group and qualitative analysis was informed by the grounded theory approach. The codebook consisted of codes inductively derived from the data. Codes were independently assigned to text, grouped, and checked for themes. Thematic analysis was used to organize themes.

Results

Passing scores for each module ranged from 81%-89%, with an average of 85.4% and a median of 86%. The two themes that emerged from the focus group were the following: comprehension (barrier) and opportunity (facilitator). Participants had a mean score of 27.4 on the ADEXI.

Conclusions

The CPS perceived the research ethics online training as an opportunity to share their lived experience expertise to enhance current research efforts by nonpeer scientists. Although the CPS completed the online research ethics training, the findings indicate CPS experienced difficulty with comprehension of the research ethics online training materials. Adaptations may be needed to facilitate uptake of research ethics online training by CPS and create a workforce of CPS to offer their lived experience expertise alongside peer and nonpeer researchers.
Incorporating African American Veterans’ Success Stories for Hypertension Management: Developing a Behavioral Support Texting Protocol
Authors: DeLaughter Kathryn L , Fix Gemmae M , McDannold Sarah E , Pope Charlene , Bokhour Barbara G , Shimada Stephanie L , Calloway Rodney , Gordon Howard S , Long Judith A , Miano Danielle A , Cutrona Sarah L
Published: September 2021

Background

Peer narratives engage listeners through personally relevant content and have been shown to promote lifestyle change and effective self-management among patients with hypertension. Incorporating key quotations from these stories into follow-up text messages is a novel way to continue the conversation, providing reinforcement of health behaviors in the patients’ daily lives.

Objective

In our previous work, we developed and tested videos in which African American Veterans shared stories of challenges and success strategies related to hypertension self-management. This study aims to describe our process for developing a text-messaging protocol intended for use after viewing videos that incorporate the voices of these Veterans.

Methods

We used a multistep process, transforming video-recorded story excerpts from 5 Veterans into 160-character texts. We then integrated these into comprehensive 6-month texting protocols. We began with an iterative review of story transcripts to identify vernacular features and key self-management concepts emphasized by each storyteller. We worked with 2 Veteran consultants who guided our narrative text message development in substantive ways, as we sought to craft culturally sensitive content for texts. Informed by Veteran input on timing and integration, supplementary educational and 2-way interactive assessment text messages were also developed.

Results

Within the Veterans Affairs texting system Annie, we programmed five 6-month text-messaging protocols that included cycles of 3 text message types: narrative messages, nonnarrative educational messages, and 2-way interactive messages assessing self-efficacy and behavior related to hypertension self-management. Each protocol corresponds to a single Veteran storyteller, allowing Veterans to choose the story that most resonates with their own life experiences.

Conclusions

We crafted a culturally sensitive text-messaging protocol using narrative content referenced in Veteran stories to support effective hypertension self-management. Integrating narrative content into a mobile health texting intervention provides a low-cost way to support longitudinal behavior change. A randomized trial is underway to test its impact on the lifestyle changes and blood pressure of African American Veterans.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03970590; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03970590

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/29423
Emotional Tone, Analytical Thinking, and Somatosensory Processes of a Sample of Italian Tweets During the First Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study
Authors: Monzani Dario , Vergani Laura , Pizzoli Silvia Francesca Maria , Marton Giulia , Pravettoni Gabriella
Published: September 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic individual and collective chronic experience, with tremendous consequences on mental and psychological health that can also be reflected in people’s use of words. Psycholinguistic analysis of tweets from Twitter allows obtaining information about people’s emotional expression, analytical thinking, and somatosensory processes, which are particularly important in traumatic events contexts.

Objective

We aimed to analyze the influence of official Italian COVID-19 daily data (new cases, deaths, and hospital discharges) and the phase of managing the pandemic on how people expressed emotions and their analytical thinking and somatosensory processes in Italian tweets written during the first phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.

Methods

We retrieved 1,697,490 Italian COVID-19–related tweets written from February 24, 2020 to June 14, 2020 and analyzed them using LIWC2015 to calculate 3 summary psycholinguistic variables: emotional tone, analytical thinking, and somatosensory processes. Official daily data about new COVID-19 cases, deaths, and hospital discharges were retrieved from the Italian Prime Minister's Office and Civil Protection Department GitHub page. We considered 3 phases of managing the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. We performed 3 general models, 1 for each summary variable as the dependent variable and with daily data and phase of managing the pandemic as independent variables.

Results

General linear models to assess differences in daily scores of emotional tone, analytical thinking, and somatosensory processes were significant (F6,104=21.53, P<.001, R2= .55; F5,105=9.20, P<.001, R2= .30; F6,104=6.15, P<.001, R2=.26, respectively).

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic affects how people express emotions, analytical thinking, and somatosensory processes in tweets. Our study contributes to the investigation of pandemic psychological consequences through psycholinguistic analysis of social media textual data.
Preventive Digital Mental Health for Children in Primary Schools: Acceptability and Feasibility Study
Authors: Davies Sian M , Jardine Jenni , Gutridge Kerry , Bernard Zara , Park Stephen , Dawson Tom , Abel Kathryn M , Whelan Pauline
Published: September 2021

Background

The incidence of mental health problems in children and adolescents in the United Kingdom has significantly increased in recent years, and more people are in contact with mental health services in Greater Manchester than in other parts of the country. Children and young people spend most of their time at school and with teachers. Therefore, schools and other educational settings may be ideal environments in which to identify those experiencing or those at the risk of developing psychological symptoms and provide timely support for children most at risk of mental health or related problems.

Objective

This study aims to test the feasibility of embedding a low-cost, scalable, and innovative digital mental health intervention in schools in the Greater Manchester area.

Methods

Two components of a 6-week digital intervention were implemented in a primary school in Greater Manchester: Lexplore, a reading assessment using eye-tracking technology to assess reading ability and detect early atypicality, and Lincus, a digital support and well-being monitoring platform.

Results

Of the 115 children approached, 34 (29.6%) consented and took part; of these 34 children, all 34 (100%) completed the baseline Lexplore assessment, and 30 (88%) completed the follow-up. In addition, most children were classified by Lincus as regular (≥1 per week) survey users. Overall, the teaching staff and children found both components of the digital intervention engaging, usable, feasible, and acceptable. Despite the widespread enthusiasm and recognition of the potential added value from staff, we met significant implementation barriers.

Conclusions

This study explored the acceptability and feasibility of a digital mental health intervention for schoolchildren. Further work is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the digital intervention and to understand whether the assessment of reading atypicality using Lexplore can identify those who require additional help and whether they can also be supported by Lincus. This study provides high-quality pilot data and highlights the potential benefits of implementing digital assessment and mental health support tools in a primary school setting.
Learning From a Massive Open Online COVID-19 Vaccination Training Experience: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Goldin Shoshanna , Kong So Yeon Joyce , Tokar Anna , Utunen Heini , Ndiaye Ngouille , Bahl Jhilmil , Appuhamy Ranil , Moen Ann
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

To prepare key stakeholders for the global COVID-19 vaccination rollout, the World Health Organization and partners developed online vaccination training packages. The online course was launched in December 2020 on the OpenWHO learning platform. This paper presents the findings of an evaluation of this course.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this evaluation was to provide insights into user experiences and challenges, measure the impact of the course in terms of knowledge gained, and anticipate potential interest in future online vaccination courses.

METHODS

The primary source of data was the anonymized information on course participants, enrollment, completion, and scores from the OpenWHO platform’s statistical data and metric reporting system. Data from the OpenWHO platform were analyzed from the opening of the courses in mid-December 2020 to mid-April 2021. In addition, a learner feedback survey was sent by email to all course participants to complete within a 3-week period (March 19 to April 9, 2021). The survey was designed to determine the perceived strengths and weaknesses of the training packages and to understand barriers to access.

RESULTS

During the study period, 53,593 learners enrolled in the course. Of them, 30,034 (56.0%) completed the course, which is substantially higher than the industry benchmark of 5%-10% for a massive open online course (MOOC). Overall, learners averaged 76.5% on the prequiz compared to 85% on the postquiz, resulting in an increase in average score of 9%. A total of 2019 learners from the course participated in the survey. Nearly 98% (n=1647 fully agree, n=308 somewhat agree; N=1986 survey respondents excluding missing values) of respondents fully or somewhat agreed that they had more confidence in their ability to support COVID-19 vaccination following completion of this course.

CONCLUSIONS

The online vaccine training was well received by the target audience, with a measurable impact on knowledge gained. The key benefits of online training were the convenience, self-paced nature, access to downloadable material, and ability to replay material, as well as an increased ability to concentrate. Online training was identified as a timely, cost-effective way of delivering essential training to a large number of people to prepare for the COVID-19 vaccination rollout.
Addendum to the Acknowledgments: Stepwise-Hierarchical Pooled Analysis for Synergistic Interpretation of Meta-analyses Involving Randomized and Observational Studies: Methodology Development (Preprint)
Authors: Shin In-Soo , Rim Chai Hong
Published: September 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

The necessity of including observational studies in meta-analyses has been discussed in the literature, but a synergistic analysis method for combining randomized and observational studies has not been reported. Observational studies differ in validity depending on the degree of the confounders’ influence. Combining interpretations may be challenging, especially if the statistical directions are similar but the magnitude of the pooled results are different between randomized and observational studies (the ”gray zone”). To overcome these hindrances, in this study, we aim to introduce a logical method for clinical interpretation of randomized and observational studies. We designed a stepwise-hierarchical pooled analysis method to analyze both distribution trends and individual pooled results by dividing the included studies into at least three stages (eg, all studies, balanced studies, and randomized studies). According to the model, the validity of a hypothesis is mostly based on the pooled results of randomized studies (the highest stage). Ascending patterns in which effect size and statistical significance increase gradually with stage strengthen the validity of the hypothesis; in this case, the effect size of the observational studies is lower than that of the true effect (eg, because of the uncontrolled effect of negative confounders). Descending patterns in which decreasing effect size and statistical significance gradually weaken the validity of the hypothesis suggest that the effect size and statistical significance of the observational studies is larger than the true effect (eg, because of researchers’ bias). We recommend using the stepwise-hierarchical pooled analysis approach for meta-analyses involving randomized and observational studies.
Mario Molina: Un formador de nuevas generaciones y un investigador de nuestro tiempo
Authors: Bazúa-Rueda Enrique Rodolfo , Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa María del Carmen
Published: September 2021

Se presenta una breve reseña sobre las dos facetas más trascendentes de la vida de Mario Molina, como a él le gustaba que lo llamaran: La de formador de jóvenes y no tan jóvenes interesados en la protección del ambiente y la de investigador, en toda la extensión de la palabra, tomando de todos los que lo antecedieron y convivieron con él, el conocimiento y, a través de su agudo cerebro, comprender el fenómeno químico más importante que se ha logrado explicar y resolver en los últimos cincuenta años.
Medically Supervised, Water-Only Fasting Followed by a Whole-Plant-Food Diet Reduces Visceral Adipose Tissue
Authors: Bonjour Matthieu , Gabriel Sahmla , Goldhamer Alan C , Myers Toshia R
Published: September 2021

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with chronic metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Normal weight, overweight, and obese people can all be overfat with visceral adipose tissue (VAT). In this case series, we describe the total body composition of three male patients with excess VAT after undergoing prolonged medically supervised water-only fasting followed by an exclusively whole-plant-food diet free of added salt, oil, and sugar. All patients lost a substantially higher percentage of VAT mass than total fat mass. These clinical observations warrant further observation into the efficacy of fasting and diet to reduce VAT.
Rooting for Wellness: An Initiative Introducing Plant-Based Nutrition to First Year Medical Students
Authors: Mulpuri Lakshman , Allen Nakia , Lunde Audrey , Thomas Shanita , Ray Marissa , Polanco Erika , Cret Naomi , Molinari John , Dowell Lauren
Published: September 2021

Advances in preventive medicine have demonstrated the crucial role of whole-food unprocessed plant-based nutrition in reducing disease burden. Nutrition education and plant-based nutrition is seldom included in medical curriculum and is thus seldom incorporated into clinical care. Additionally, personal exposure to lifestyle modifications, including nutrition and diet, is associated with a provider’s willingness to recommend lifestyle modifications in clinical encounters. We offer this editorial to our fellow health professions’ students, practicing healthcare providers, and those community leaders intending to advocate for the patient population via evidence-based curricular enhancement. Our primary effort, Rooting for Wellness, consisted of a mandatory four-week segment within Wayne State University School of Medicine’s (WSUSOM’s) Patient, Population, Physician and Professional (P4) curriculum, which culminated in a required half-day event consisting of patient/provider panels and an interactive cooking demonstration. Prior to the curriculum, we provided several voluntary extracurricularopportunities for plant-based engagement including a 4-week plant-based kickstart program, cooking demonstration, journal club, and guest speaker events. To our knowledge, this is the first exclusively mandatory plant-based nutritional intervention undertaken at a medical institution in the United States. The strategy presented here may serve as a model for similar initiatives at a variety of institutions and settings.
ANALISIS PENGARUH LOW-LIGHT IMAGE ENHANCEMENT PADA PENGENALAN WAJAH
Authors: Rohima Rohima , Wanayumini Wanayumini , Rosnelly Rika
Published: September 2021

Sistem pengenalan wajah secara umum akan digunakan secara real time dalam mengenali individu, artinya noise tidak dapat terhindarkan. Salah satu masalah yang dianggap umum adalah kokndisi pencahayaan. Kondisi pencahayaan terjadi akibat pancaran yang diterima objek tidak mencukupi sehingga cenderung memiliki visibilat rendah, kontras berkurang, warna kabur, dan detail yang kabur. Maka low-light image enhancement dapat menjadi solusinya. Terdapat banyak sekali metode low-light image enhancement yang tersedia, namun mana teknik yang lebih baik dalam pengenalan wajah masih menjadi perdebatan. Untuk menemukan metode low light image enhancement yang baik maka pada penelitian ini dirancang beberapa sistem pengenalan wajah dengan PCA sebagai ekstraksi fitur serta menerapkan SSR, MSR, AMSR, Dong, HE dan BPDHE sebagai metode low-light image enhancement. Dataset SOF dipilih sebagai target pengujian dikarenakan berisi citra dengan kondisi pencahayaan berbeda. Sebagai tujuan, keseluruhan sistem pengenalan wajah akan dibandingkan tingkat pengenalannya untuk menemukan metode low-light image enhancement terbaik. Berdasarkan pengujian dan analisis, ditemukan bahwa mayoritas sistem mengalami peningkatan tingkat pengenalan dengan diterapkannya metode low-light image enhancement, dan sebagai metode terbaik HE (76,28866 %) menunjukkan hasil yang paling signifikan, disusul dengan AMSR (75,25773 %), MSR (74,2268 %), SSR (69,07216 %), BPDHE (67,01031 %) dan Dong (63,91753 %).
Public health emergency and insider trading in the corporate sector
Authors: Nwafor Anthony O.
Published: September 2021

As governments in different parts of the world seek solutions to the public health emergency created by the COVID-19 pandemic and the impacts on corporate enterprises, different steering committees are constituted to implement measures aimed at containing the spread of the disease. Information that has the potential to impact materially on companies’ securities when made public is shared among committee members in the course of their deliberations. That realization informs the purpose of this paper which is to explore through doctrinal research method the law on insider trading in South Africa in such a manner as would reaffirm the position of the law on insider, inside information, and the prohibited conducts. The findings indicate a propensity by those entrusted with business information to leverage such information for personal benefits which creates a problem of uncertainties on the integrity of the securities market. The paper concludes by advocating the application of the law in such a manner as would ensure that the conduct of persons entrusted with inside information is guided by the legal threshold on insider trading.
Caracterización de los Microorganismos Biodegradadores del Bioplástico de Xiloglucano de Tamarindo en Biorreactores de Compostaje
Authors: Álvarez-Betancourt Paola Andrea , Luna-Pabello Víctor Manuel , Ussa-Garzón Jaime Eddy
Published: September 2021

Los plásticos han sido motivo de atención debido a su desmedido uso y acumulación como residuo en los últimos 20 años al ser desechos no biodegradables, por lo cual, los bioplásticos se posicionan como sustitutos alternativos pertinentes por su fácil asimilación por los microoganismos. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los microorganismos que participaron en la biodegradación de un bioplástico de acrilato de etilo (AE) y xiloglucano de tamarindo (XgT), durante una prueba de biodegradabilidad realizada a través de biorreactores de compostaje, para a su vez reconocer la viabilidad de desarrollo microbiano en tales sistemas de degradación. Para ello, se realizó la siembra primaria en agar sangre y Sabouraud, la siembra secundaria en BHI, medio en el que se diferenciaron 16 morfologías coloniales, con tendencia a bacilos Gram (+); se hizo el perfil enzimático en agar almidón (AA), agar de leche descremada (LD) y agar Baird-Parker (BP) para evidenciar la participación de enzimas amilasa, caseinasa y lecitinasa; asimismo se hizo el análisis cualitativo de degradación y el recuento en placa, el cual mostró un promedio de 2,15 x 1012 UFC/ mL de muestra, exhibiendo condiciones para la viabilidad microbiana en los biorreactores de compostaje.
Productive, Distributive, Dynamic, and Allocative Efficiency Improvement Model in Colombian Public Universities
Authors: Arenas-Valencia Wilson , Cabello-Eras Juan José
Published: September 2021

The measurement of efficiency in public universities has been a topic of interest for researchers and state officials in Colombia; this article presents a model that transcends the view of productive efficiency, and expands it by including aspects of equity with distributive efficiency, of acceptance by society in the allocative efficiency, and finally with the dynamic efficiency includes the time variable, with which the state can measure the stability of the indicators of interest. For the design of the model, multivariate statistical techniques and non-parametric techniques were used, such as Structural Equation Models, Principal Component Analysis, Data Envelopment Analysis, and the Balanced Scorecard. Different ranks are obtained with which university improvement plans were identified, emphasizing public institutions with high quality accreditation. A Balanced Scorecard is proposed with the indicators extracted from the sector databases that met the conditions of the techniques used. This technique suggests a causal relationship between the indicators of distributive, productive, and allocative efficiencies, where the perspective of inclusion forms the basis of the scorecard, affecting the perspective of education and research and the latter influencing the perspective of impact. Finally, it is concluded that the public university sector has great challenges in terms of inclusion and measurement of the satisfaction of society, as well as showing improvement trends in the measured aspects as reflected in the DEA Malmquist index. As a result, a model is obtained for university administrators to identify the aspects in which they must invest the public budget that guarantees the greater multidimensional efficiency of Colombian public universities.
Modelo para incorporar las TIC en las MIPYMES del sector hotelero
Authors: Arteaga Martínez Máximo Miguel , Esteban-Regino Edna Margarita , Ojeda Enríquez Miguel Antonio
Published: September 2021

El propósito fundamental de la investigación fue estructurar un modelo para incorporar las TIC en las MIPYMES del sector hotelero de la ciudad de Montería, la investigación se desarrolló con un enfoque mixto y un alcance exploratorio. La validación del modelo en tres organizaciones del sector hotelero con uso básico, intermedio y avanzado de las TIC permitió cotejar que los beneficios competitivos resultantes de la TIC implementadas en dichos hoteles, equivalen o se corresponden con los beneficios competitivos identificados en la caracterización de estas. Aunque el modelo para incorporar las TIC fue concebido para ser implementado en las organizaciones del sector hotelero de la ciudad de Montería, este puede ser igualmente implementado por cualquier hotel sin importar su tamaño y su ubicación geográfica, dado a que en su estructuración se tuvieron en cuenta los procesos que se desarrollan en este tipo de organizaciones a nivel local, regional, nacional  e internacional y las aplicaciones tecnológicas (TIC) propuestas abarcan todos estos procesos. El modelo puede ser adaptado a cualquier otro sector económico, para ello se deben identificar las TIC que conformarían el nivel 2 control de los procesos operacionales y sus beneficios, dado a que son distintas para cada sector. El modelo se alinea con las políticas del Ministerio de las TIC – MinTIC en el sentido que buscan que los empresarios del sector hotelero se apropien del uso de las tecnologías para que sean más competitivos.
CENAPROV y el crecimiento urbano de Pereira 1973-1987. Una mirada a la construcción barrial de Pereira desde sus márgenes
Authors: Arias Quiceno Otoniel , Restrepo Botero Julián Andrés
Published: September 2021

En este libro se analiza el papel desempeñado por la organización social de viviendistas Central Nacional Provivienda (CENAPROV) en el crecimiento urbano de la ciudad de Pereira entre 1973 y 1987. Se indaga la forma en que dicha organización, adscrita al Partido Comunista Colombiano (PCC), de la mano de importantes líderes comunitarios como Joaquín Botero, Manuel Castillo, Carlos Alberto Benavides, Gabriel Darío Londoño, Gildardo Castaño, Eduardo García, entre otros, agenció la conformación de por lo menos diez barrios bajo la modalidad de autoconstrucción en nuestra ciudad. Para ello se analizan aspectos relevantes como el déficit habitacional derivado de las migraciones y el rápido crecimiento demográfico de Pereira en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Al mismo tiempo, a partir del análisis de fuentes tanto documentales como testimoniales, se procura evidenciar las tensiones y acuerdos llevados a cabo entre la organización de viviendistas y la administración municipal para hacer realidad ...
Diseño de un modelo de franquicias en la industria de comestibles de pan de arroz.
Authors: Monroy Tineo Neidy Marcela , Ayza Yamir Urbina Angarita
Published: September 2021

La industria del pan de arroz ha consolidado un crecimiento importante en los últimos años, siendo un producto típico del departamento del Meta y en la búsqueda por su expansión hacia mercados nacionales se plantean estrategias de crecimiento en las pequeñas y medianas empresas que producen estos productos; para tal efecto en el presente proyecto se busca diseñar un modelo de franquicias para la Industria de Comestibles de pan de arroz, especializada en esta producción, ubicada en el municipio de Restrepo, Meta, Colombia que le permita expandir sus unidades de negocio y lograr el fortalecimiento de su marca, mediante la creación de manuales operativos que logren estandarizar todos sus procesos. Se determinó que la estructura del sistema de franquicias más adecuada para esta empresa es la de producción, siendo el franquiciador que provee todos los productos al franquiciado, que pueden ser distribuidos de manera ultra congelada y empacada al vacío, listo para hornear y consumir; de esta manera, se controla la calidad de los procesos de elaboración, no se afecta la imagen de la marca por la pérdida de las características propias de los productos.
Studiet av internasjonal politikk etter 11. september 2001
Authors: Leira Halvard , De Carvalho Benjamin
Published: September 2021

Det er ingen tvil om at hendelsesforløp som ble igangsatt 11. september 2001 har vært med på å prege global politikk i de to tiårene som har gått. Men ble terrorangrepene mot USA 11. september 2001 definerende for hvordan vi forstår internasjonal politikk og hvordan vi studerer det? Basert på en gjennomgang av studiet av internasjonal politikk over de siste 20 årene argumenterer vi i denne artikkelen at svaret her er mer tvetydig. Tvetydig fordi det utvilsomt har skjedd endringer og fordi det er lett å peke på utviklingstrekk i faget Internasjonal Politikk (IP) som har direkte eller indirekte utspring i hendelsene høsten 2001. Terrorismestudier fikk for eksempel et umiddelbart oppsving, og med den amerikanske invasjonen av Irak i 2003 kom en øket interesse for emner som imperial makt, opprørsbekjempelse og normativ internasjonal teori. Mer tvetydig fordi vi slett ikke er sikre på at de viktigste utviklingstrekkene i IP de siste tiårene kan forklares med 11. september. Vi er også usikre på hvor varige endringene i kjølvannet av 11. september kan sies å være. Vår tentative hypotese er at 11. september på kort og mellomlang sikt hadde betydelig effekt på vektleggingen av forskjellige emner innen IP. På lengre sikt var terrorangrepene og ettervirkningene av dem viktigst for fagutviklingen på de områdene der det umiddelbare sjokket bidro til å forsterke allerede eksisterende trender.
Abstract in English:The Study of International Politics After 11 September 2001To what extent did 9/11 impact the discipline of International Relations (IR)? In the current article, we argue that while the impact of 9/11 on global politics is undeniable, the verdict when it comes to the discipline in charge of studying these events, IR, is more ambiguous. For while IR and the study of global politics has changed over time, the discipline is, we argue, as much prone to “internal” changes as it is to external shocks. Thus, we suggest a model for understanding the sociology of science of IR which takes into account both internal and external sources of change. While IR would have looked quite different today without the attacks of 9/11, we argue that we would still have been able to recognize it.
Terrorkrigens narrativer
Authors: Romarheim Anders
Published: September 2021

Kriger vinnes i det kognitive domenet. Denne hypotesen er utgangspunkt for denne analysen av krigen mot terrorisme og dens tilhørende strategiske narrativer. Artikkelen gir støtte til hypotesen og understreker sammenhengen mellom krigens faktiske utvikling, og dens narrativer. Artikkelen analyserer selve narrativet om en krig mot terrorisme. Hvordan oppstod dette master-narrativet? Hvordan utviklet det seg over tid? Hva ble det erstattet av, og hvilke aktører var sentrale i å utfase frasen «krig mot terrorisme»? To nøkkelaktører i å avslutte både krigen mot terrorisme og narrativet om den er ISIL og president Barack Obama. ISIL overtok rollen som verdens mest fryktede og mektige terrorgruppe, og stilte dermed Al Qaida i skyggen. Mens Obama helt systematisk valgte å ikke benytte frasen «krig mot terror». En krig som aldri nevnes av USAs commander-in-chief er ikke lenger et operasjonelt militært konsept. Med likvideringen av bin Laden i 2011 gav Obama USA en slags «closure» for 9/11-traumet. For krigen mot terror var alltid president George W. Bush sin krig. Han etterlot seg to bakkekriger som man vanskelig kan påstå at USA kunne vinne. Men Bush sin strategi-omlegging i Irak i 2007, «The Surge», skaffet USA nok pusterom til å trekke seg ut. Men med ISILs hurtige fremvekst ble gleden kortvarig, ettersom de opprettet en pseudo-stat i Levanten.
Abstract in English:Narratives from the War on TerrorWars are decided in the cognitive domain. This hypothesis is supported by this article on the war on terrorism and its strategic narrative. The analysis emphasizes how the physical warfighting is inextricably linked to the strategic narratives of the war. Special consideration is given here to the master narrative establishing the war on terror. How was this narrative constructed? How did it develop over time? What replaced it, and what actors were crucial in retiring the phrase ‘war on terror’? Two key actors in this respect were ISIL and President Barack Obama. ISIL eclipsed Al Qaida as the world’s most feared and infamous terror group. Whereas Obama systematically avoided using the phrase ‘war on terror’ altogether. A war that is never mentioned by the USA’s Commander-in-Chief is no longer an operational military concept. Equipped with the targeted killing of Osama bin Laden in 2011, Obama brought closure to the national trauma of 9/11. Because the war on terrorism was always George W. Bush’s war. He left behind two large scale ground wars with little prospect of success in either of them. He did provide a temporary change of fortune in Iraq with ‘the Surge’ of fresh troops in 2007. But these gains were soon enough erased as ISIL grew and developed into a pseudo-state in northern Iraq and Syria.
En kinesisk jernbane til Arktis? Historien om Belkomur – så langt
Authors: Moe Arild
Published: September 2021

Abstract: A Chinese Railway to the Arctic? The Story of Belkomur – so FarThe further development of the Northern Sea Route, including the associated logistical chains and infrastructure, enjoys high priority in Russia, and inadequate south–north transportation capacity is recognized as a problem. China has shown increasing interest in Arctic shipping over the past ten years. The construction of a railway from the Urals, with connections to China, to a deep-water port with access to the Arctic Ocean appeared attractive, both as a strategic opportunity for China and as a natural area for Chinese engagement in Russia, given announcements of the close partnership and common interests between the two countries. Since 2012 various Chinese companies have shown interest in investing, and the conclusion of a concession agreement has been announced several times. The Russian federal authorities have voiced support, without committing budget funding. Increasingly, however, critical remarks have been heard from the federal government, although regional support remains strong. As of mid-2021 no firm agreement had been signed, and the project was put on hold. Reviewing the history of the project since Chinese companies were first engaged, this article offers insights on Russian regional authorities’ scope for manoeuvre and the relationship between central and regional power. It also reveals Russian misinterpretations of Chinese interest in the project.
The role of communication and dialogue during studies in higher education institutions
Authors: Chernenko Oleksandr , Roienko Svitlana , Balanutsa Oleksandr , Ivashchenko Bohdan , Romankova Kateryna
Published: September 2021

The new paradigm of education development actualizes the problem of the formation of highly qualified teaching staff who masterfully mastered communicative competence, which is based on communicative skills. In the face of growing competition in the higher education market, effective communications management is becoming increasingly important. Among the various ways to attract consumers of educational services to study at higher educational institutions, communications are becoming more and more relevant - one of the most important components of the activities of higher educational institutions, provides the process of transferring the necessary information about the range of educational services to consumers. The main participants in the educational services market are: the state represented by executive authorities at different levels, higher education institutions, organizations and enterprises, households, and individual citizens.
Theoretical aspects of staff selection and placement
Authors: Iniesta Daniela S. Veas , Arbeláez Campillo Diego Felipe
Published: September 2021

The article discusses methods for solving the problem of selection and placement of staff. The purpose of this work is: theoretical study of the basics of selection and placement of staff and analysis of the system of selection and placement of staff. The research method is the generalization of the practice of selection and placement of staff, as well as the analysis of scientific literature and regulatory legal documents. The scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the research is due to the presented systemic knowledge on the theory and organization of processes for the selection and placement of staff based on the identified features and problems in the form of technological directions (mechanisms and tools) to improve the system of selection and placement of staff, which will complement the existing scientific discoveries to ensure the research processes. The practical significance of the research is realized in the implementation of the development of technological directions (mechanisms and tools) to improve the system of selection and placement of staff.
Identification of the main elements that constitute the professionality of the school pedagogical coordination
Authors: Ricardo Vanessa Vial , Gama Renata Prenstteter
Published: September 2021

In order to investigate and identify what the scientific productions reveal about the professionality of school pedagogical coordination, this study through the methodological path of the state-of-the-art type, sought to map the information presented in academic productions stored in the repository, Theses and Dissertations Catalog of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). Following the mapping, the literature review on the concept of professionalism, the reading of the summaries of the productions found, their records and analysis of the data collected so that after this step it was possible to establish some categories, as well as highlight elements that constitute a process that we can call school pedagogical coordination professionality. The theoretical foundation of the concepts of professionalism was used respectively by the authors Dubar (2005), Nóvoa (2017), and on the attributions and knowledge of the pedagogical coordination, the authors Placco, Souza and Almeida (2012), who bring an important contribution to the study of the theme.
Preparation and characterization of magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite (GO-Fe3O4) for removal of strontium and cesium from aqueous solutions
Authors: Aytas Sule , Yusan Sabriye , Sert Senol , Gok Cem
Published: September 2021

Magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites (M-GO) were successfully synthesized by partial reduction co-precipitation method and used for removal of Sr(II) and Cs(I) ions from aqueous solutions. The structures and properties of the M-GO was investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and N2-BET measurements. It is found that M-GO has 2.103 mg/g and 142.070 mg/g adsorption capacities for Sr(II) and Cs(I) ions, respectively. The adsorption isotherm matches well with the Freundlich for Sr(II) and Dubinin–Radushkevich model for Cs(I) and kinetic analysis suggests that the adsorption process is pseudo-second-ordered.
Belföldi utazási kedv járványidőszakban a fiatalok körében
Authors: Keller Veronika , Printz-Markó Erzsébet
Published: September 2021

Magyarországon a turizmus meghatározó gazdasági ágazatot képvisel. A 2020-as COVID-19 pandémia azonban mindent megváltoztatott. Tanulmányunk célja a koronavírus belföldi turizmusra gyakorolt hatásának feltérképezése szekunder és primer adatok által. Kvalitatív kutatás (online mélyinterjúk) alapján feltártuk, hogy a koronavírus nem szegte a fiatalok kedvét a szabadidős célú utazástól és az áremelkedés ellenére sem akarnak lemondani a kikapcsolódás ezen formájáról. Kvantitatív kutatásunk segítségével elvégeztük a fiatalok szegmentálását. A VLQ alapján 9 érték került vizsgálatra, amit két faktorba különítettünk el: az önmegvalósítás és a család. Ennek alapján 3 fogyasztói csoportot azonosítottunk: családcentrikusak, semlegesek, valamint az önmegvalósítók. A belföldi utazási szándék leginkább az önmegvalósítókra jellemző. A többség a 10% alatti áremelkedést tartja reálisnak, a drágulás ellenére a megkérdezettek fele utazna belföldön a korlátozások feloldása után. Kutatásunk eredményei kiemelten hasznosak lehetnek a turizmus, vendéglátás iparágban működő vállalkozások számára.
Emlékezés James Bryce-ra (1838-1922), a kiemelkedő államférfira és a római jog jeles művelőjére
Authors: Hamza Gábor
Published: September 2021

Hamza Gábor a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia rendes tagja Polgári Szemlében közölt történelmi arcképcsarnokának újabb állomása James Bryce munkásságát veszi górcső alá.
Szociális biztonság a nemzetközi és a hazai közszolgálatban
Authors: Hrecska-Kovács Renáta
Published: September 2021

Jelen tanulmány célja azon munkavállalói juttatások bemutatása, amelyek a nemzetközi és a hazai közszolgálatban egyaránt meghatározzák a tisztviselők szociális biztonságát. A cikk kiindulópontja a nemzetközi közszolgálat egyik szereplőjének, az Egyesült Nemzetek Szervezetének (ENSZ) Személyzeti Rendeletek és Szabályok (UN Staff Regulations and Rules, továbbiakban: személyzeti szabályzat) nevű belső „munka törvénykönyvén” alapuló sajátos gyakorlata. Rendszertanilag követi a személyzeti szabályzat dogmatikai felépítését, és ehhez teszi hozzá összehasonlító jogi értékelésben a hazai jogtechnikai megoldásokat. A leírtakat értékelve arra a következtetésre jutunk, hogy a szociális ellátások terén nincsenek nagyobb különbségek sem aközött, hogy nemzeti vagy nemzetközi foglalkoztatásról van szó, sem pedig aközött, hogy pontosan milyen jellegű juttatásokhoz férhetnek hozzá az érintett tisztviselők. Minderre kézenfekvő magyarázat, hogy az elismerendő szociális igények nem függenek a foglalkoztatás formájától, az olyan, az Európai Unió által is elismert alapelvek, mint az egy társadalombiztosítási rendszer alá tartozás, a diszkriminációtilalom vagy az exportálhatóság, általánosan érvényesül a vizsgált alanyok esetében.
Redes virtuales y apoyo social percibido en usuarios con discapacidad: análisis según la tipología, grado y etapa en la que se adquiere la discapacidad
Authors: Suriá Martínez Raquel
Published: September 2021

La cantidad de redes sociales online dedicadas a intercambiar apoyo social se ha incrementado en los últimos años. No obstante, el estudio sobre la naturaleza y tipo-logía de estos grupos para jóvenes con discapacidad es escaso. Los objetivos del presente estudio identifican el apoyo social percibido de los jóvenes usuarios de las redes sociales en estos espacios en función del grado, tipología y antigüedad de la discapacidad. Participaron 116 jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 35 años (M = 28,22; DT = 4,02). Fueron clasificados en función de la tipología de la discapacidad (motora, intelectual, visual y auditiva). Contestaron la Escala de apoyo social percibido a través de las redes sociales. Este instrumento está com-puesto por una escala de respuestas tipo Likert de cuatro puntos (0= nada, 4= mucho), de 15 ítems repartidos en dos factores. Los resultados muestran mayor percepción de apoyo en las redes sociales online entre los jóvenes con discapacidad motora y con mayor grado de discapacidad. Ello sugiere la importancia que tienen para los jóvenes con discapacidad las redes sociales online para intercambiar apoyo. Así, las redes online podrían servir como ayuda en los programas dirigidos a fomentar la integración social.