bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of different methods for breaking cypsela dormancy in two local populations of Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium L.) collected from the west and northwest of Iran
Authors: Sarabi Vahid , Bagheri Alireza , Chitband Ali Asghar
Published: May 2022

Scotch thistle ( Onopordum acanthium L.) is a weed species on farmlands and pastures in parts of the west and northwest of Iran. Cypselas can remain in the soil seedbank over a prolonged period due to varying degrees of dormancy. This study examined different methods for breaking cypsela dormancy in two local populations of Scotch thistle at the research laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in 2020. In these experiments, the effects of sulfuric acid, wet and dry prechilling, potassium nitrate, and gibberellic acid were evaluated on the breaking of dormancy. All the experiments were conducted as a completely randomized design with four replications and two runs. The response of two local populations of Scotch thistle were similar, and no significant difference was observed. The experiment treatments significantly increased cypsela germination compared with the control. The maximum germination percentages were observed in cypselas soaked in 98% sulfuric acid for 10 min (60.60%), KNO3 for 96 h (69.36%), GA3 for 48 h (88.43%), and wet prechilling for 72 h (34.61%). Although prechilling increased germination, it was suggested that germination could be more than the recorded values if the duration of wet prechilling was increased. The best cypsela germination rate, mean germination time, T50, and radicle and plumule length were observed after soaking in GA3 for 48 h and KNO3 for 96 h. It seems that water-soluble inhibitors in the embryo and probably the cypsela coat cause seed dormancy in this weed species. These findings could help develop effective management strategies associated with the dormancy of cypselas for this species.
Wheat germplasm development by gene pyramiding for resistance to race TTKSK of stem rust
Authors: Jin Xiaojie , Chi Dawn , Wolfe Danielle , Hiebert Colin , Fetch Tom , Cao Wenguang , Xue Allen , Humphreys Gavin , Fedak George
Published: May 2022

To develop wheat germplasm with resistance to race TTKSK of stem rust, five stem rust resistance genes were used to produce pyramids with up to 4 Sr genes of various combinations by marker-assisted selection (MAS) and doubled haploid (DH) technology. Thirteen desired pyramids with 2 to 4 of the Sr genes were recovered, and wheat cultivar Hoffman was improved by stacking Sr35 and Sr36. TTKSK resistance test showed that pyramided lines with three or four genes plus improved Hoffman with Sr35+Sr36 were all immune to TTKSK. This type of germplasm will be a useful tool for the production of cultivars with long-term sustainability.
On validity of different PDFs sets using the proton $$k_t$$-factorization structure functions and the Gaussian $$k_t$$-dependence of KMR UPDFs
Authors: Baghsiyahi Z. Badieian , Modarres M. , Valeshabadi R. Kord
Published: May 2022

In this work, we discuss: (i) The ratios of different parton distribution functions (PDFs), i.e., MMHT2014, CJ15, CTEQ6l1, HERAPDF15, MSTW2008, HERAPDF20 and MSHT20, and the corresponding Kimber–Martin–Ryskin (KMR) unintegrated parton distribution functions (UPDFs) sets versus the hard scale$$Q^2$$Q2, to find out the sensibility of the KMR UPDFs with respect to the input PDFs sets. It is shown that there is not much difference between the different input-PDFs or corresponding UPDFs sets ratios. (ii) Then, the dependence of proton$$k_t$$kt-factorization structure functions on the different UPDFs sets which can use the above PDFs sets as input, are presented. The results are compared with the experimental data of ZEUS, NMC and H1+ZEUS at the hard scale$$Q^2 =27$$Q2=27and$$90~\text {GeV}^2$$90GeV2, and a reasonable agreement is found, considering different input PDFs sets. (iii) Furthermore, by fitting a Gaussian function, which depends on the transverse momentum$$k_t$$kt, to the KMR UPDFs and averaging overx(the fractional parton momentum), we obtain the average transverse momentum,$$\langle k_t^2\rangle $$⟨kt2⟩, in the scale range$$Q^2=2.4{-}1.44\times 10^4~\text {GeV}^2$$Q2=2.4-1.44×104GeV2, which is in agreement with the other groups predictions,$$0.25{-}0.44~\text {GeV}^2$$0.25-0.44GeV2at$$Q^2=2.4$$Q2=2.4 $$\text {GeV}^2$$GeV2. (iv) Finally we explore the average transverse momentum for which, the results of proton structure function with the KMR UPDFs and that of the Gaussian$$k_t$$kt-dependent, are consistent to each other. Through the above report, at each step the parton branching (PB) UPDFs, i.e., the transverse momentum dependent PDFs (PB TMDPDFs) are considered for comparisons with the corresponding KMR UPDFs output.
Soret separation and thermo-osmosis in porous media
Authors: Hafskjold Bjørn , Bedeaux Dick , Kjelstrup Signe , Wilhelmsen Øivind
Published: May 2022

When a temperature difference is applied over a porous medium soaked with a fluid mixture, two effects may be observed, a component separation (the Ludwig–Soret effect, thermodiffusion) and a pressure difference due to thermo-osmosis. In this work, we have studied both effects using non-equilibrium thermodynamics and molecular dynamics. We have derived expressions for the two characteristic parameters, the Soret coefficient and the thermo-osmotic coefficient in terms of phenomenological transport coefficients, and we show how they are related. Numerical values for these coefficients were obtained for a two-component fluid in a solid matrix where both fluid and solid are Lennard–Jones/spline particles. We found that both effects depend strongly on the porosity of the medium and weakly on the interactions between the fluid components and the matrix. The Soret coefficient depends strongly on whether the fluid is sampled from inside the porous medium or from bulk phases outside, which must be considered in experimental measurements using packed columns. If we use a methane/decane mixture in bulk as an example, our results for the Soret coefficient give that a temperature difference of 10 K will separate the mixture to about 49.5/50.5 and give no pressure difference. In a reservoir with 30% porosity, the separation will be 49.8/50.2, whereas the pressure difference will be about 15 bar. Thermo-osmotic pressures with this order or magnitude have been observed in frost-heave experiments.

Graphic abstract
Features of highly sensitive thermoluminescence dosimetry Ag3PO4:li nanophosphor under gamma irradiation
Authors: Hussein A. , Sheha E. R. , El-Adawy A. , Abdel-Samad S. , Hassan Ahmad A. , Al-Abyad M.
Published: May 2022

In this work, new synthetic nanophosphor materials of Li+ doped Ag3PO4 orthophosphate were prepared with different impurity concentrations. The coprecipitation method was utilized in the preparation at room temperature. The prepared nanophosphors were characterized via x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the results confirmed the existence of nanoparticles. The thermoluminescence properties of samples with different concentrations of Li-cohost salt were extensively studied. The Ag3PO4 sample doped with 5 Wt% of Li (i.e. APL5) impurity revealed the highest thermoluminescence intensity of any of the other compositions, according to the thermoluminescence response of the synthesized nanophorsphors. All the studied samples were subjected to optimum thermal annealing of 500 °C for 1 h and readout with thermoluminescence reader at a heating rate of 5 °C/s. The APL5 nanophosphor samples revealed a good linearity dependence of thermoluminescence response against gamma dose within the range of 15–100 Gy. This sample showed a relatively low rate of fading of about 19% within two months of storage and good reusability. These characteristics make the newly prepared APL5 phosphor highly considered as a new potential thermoluminescence dosimeter and can be efficiently used in various γ-radiation detection applications.
Representations and Fusion Rules for the Orbifold Vertex Operator Algebras Lsl2^(k,0)ℤ3
Authors: Wang Bing
Published: April 2022

For the cyclic group [Formula: see text] and a positive integer [Formula: see text], we study the representations of the orbifold vertex operator algebra [Formula: see text]. All the irreducible modules for [Formula: see text] are classified and constructed explicitly. Quantum dimensions and fusion rules for [Formula: see text] are completely determined.
The impact of nebulized epoprostenol and iloprost on hemoglobin oxygen affinity: an ex vivo experiment
Authors: Woyke Simon , Mair Norbert , Haller Thomas , Ronzani Marco , Plunser David , Oberacher Herbert , Gatterer Hannes , Rugg Christopher , Ströhle Mathias
Published: May 2022

Inhalational prostacyclins act as strong vasodilators, potentially improving oxygenation by reducing shunt fraction and ventilation-perfusion mismatch. As prostacyclin receptors are known to be present on human erythrocytes, possible direct effects on hemoglobin oxygen transport were further explored by examining the sole in vitro influence of prostacyclins on hemoglobin oxygen (Hb-O2) affinity. Venous blood samples from 20 healthy volunteers were exposed in vitro to supramaximal doses of epoprostenol, iloprost, and compared with control. By high-throughput measurements, hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curves (ODCs) were derived. Hb-O2 affinity, expressed by P50 and Hill coefficient, was determined and analyzed for three subgroups: males ( n = 10), females not taking oral contraceptives ( n = 4), and females taking oral contraceptives ( n = 6). Epoprostenol significantly decreased P50 in all (males, females without contraceptives, and females taking oral contraceptives) [27.5 (26.4–28.6) mmHg (control) vs. 24.2 (22.7–25.3) mmHg; P < 0.001. median (interquartile range, IQR)] thereby increasing Hb-O2 affinity. Inversely, iloprost only showed significant effects in females taking oral contraceptives where P50 was markedly increased and therefore Hb-O2 affinity decreased [28.4 (27.9–28.9) mmHg (control) vs. 34.4 (32.2–36.0) mmHg; P < 0.001]. Prostacyclin-receptor stimulation and subsequent cAMP-mediated ATP release from erythrocytes are discussed as a possible underlying mechanism for the effect of epoprostenol on Hb-O2 affinity. The reason for the sex hormone-modified iloprost effect remains unclear. Being aware of potentially differing effects on Hb-O2 affinity might help select the right prostacyclin (epoprostenol vs. iloprost) depending on the patient and the underlying disease (e.g., acute respiratory distress syndrome vs. peripheral arterial disease).
Acral skin vasoreactivity and thermosensitivity to hand cooling following 5 days of intermittent whole body cold exposure
Authors: Keramidas Michail E. , Kölegård Roger , Gäng Pit , Wilkins Frederick , Elia Antonis , Eiken Ola
Published: May 2022

We sought to examine whether short-term, whole body cold acclimation would modulate finger vasoreactivity and thermosensitivity to localized cooling. Fourteen men were equally assigned to either the experimental (CA) or the control (CON) group. The CA group was immersed to the chest in 14°C water for ≤120 min daily over a 5-day period while the skin temperature of the right-hand fingers was clamped at ∼35.5°C. The CON group was instructed to avoid any cold exposure during this period. Before and after the intervention, both groups performed, on two different consecutive days, a local cold provocation trial consisting of a 30-min hand immersion in 8°C water while immersed to the chest once in 21°C (mild-hypothermic trial; 0.5°C fall in rectal temperature from individual preimmersion values) and on the other occasion in 35.5°C (normothermic trial). In the CA group, the cold-induced reduction in finger temperature was less (mild-hypothermic trial: P = 0.05; normothermic trial: P = 0.02), and the incidence of the cold-induced vasodilation episodes was greater (in normothermic trials: P = 0.04) in the post- than in the preacclimation trials. The right-hand thermal discomfort was also attenuated (mild-hypothermic trial: P = 0.04; normothermic trial: P = 0.01). The finger temperature responses of the CON group did not vary between testing periods. Our findings suggest that repetitive whole body exposure to severe cold within a week may attenuate finger vasoreactivity and thermosensitivity to localized cooling. These regional thermo-adaptions were ascribed to central neural habituation produced by the iterative, generalized cold stimulation.
Migratory disposition alters lean mass dynamics and protein metabolism in migratory white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis)
Authors: Elowe Cory R. , Gerson Alexander R.
Published: May 2022

Migratory birds seasonally increase fat stores and the capacity to use fat to fuel long-distance migratory flights. However, lean mass loss also occurs during migratory flights and, if adaptive, should exhibit seasonal changes in the capacity for protein metabolism. We conducted a photoperiod manipulation using captive white-throated sparrows ( Zonotrichia albicollis) to investigate seasonal changes in protein metabolism between the nonmigratory “winter” condition and after exposure to a long-day “spring” photoperiod to stimulate the migratory condition. After photostimulation, birds in the migratory condition rapidly increased fat mass and activity of fat catabolism enzymes. Meanwhile, total lean mass did not change, but birds increased the activity of protein catabolism enzymes and lost more water and lean mass during water-restricted metabolic testing. These data suggest that more protein may be catabolized during migratory seasons, corresponding with more water loss. Counter to predictions, birds in the migratory condition also showed an approximately 30-fold increase in muscle expression of sarcolipin, which binds to sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and uncouples Ca2+ transport from ATP hydrolysis. Our documented changes to protein catabolism enzymes and whole animal lean mass dynamics may indicate that protein breakdown or increased protein turnover is adaptive during migration in songbirds.
Btg2 mutation induces renal injury and impairs blood pressure control in female rats
Authors: Hoffman Matthew J. , Takizawa Akiko , Jensen Eric S. , Schilling Rebecca , Grzybowski Michael , Geurts Aron M. , Dwinell Melinda R.
Published: May 2022

Hypertension (HTN) is a complex disease influenced by heritable genetic elements and environmental interactions. Dietary salt is among the most influential modifiable factors contributing to increased blood pressure (BP). It is well established that men and women develop BP impairment in different patterns and a recent emphasis has been placed on identifying mechanisms leading to the differences observed between the sexes in HTN development. The current work reported here builds on an extensive genetic mapping experiment that sought to identify genetic determinants of salt-sensitive (SS) HTN using the Dahl SS rat. BTG antiproliferation factor 2 ( Btg2) was previously identified by our group as a candidate gene contributing to SS HTN in female rats. In the current study, Btg2 was mutated using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-targeted gene disruption on the SSBN congenic rat background. The Btg2 mutated rats exhibited impaired BP and proteinuria responses to a high-salt diet compared with wild-type rats. Differences in body weight, mutant pup viability, skeletal morphology, and adult nephron density suggest a potential role for Btg2 in developmental signaling pathways. Subsequent cell cycle gene expression assessment provides several additional signaling pathways that Btg2 may function through during salt handling in the kidney. The expression analysis also identified several potential upstream targets that can be explored to further isolate therapeutic approaches for SS HTN.
Temporal-Spatial Characteristics and Future Changes of Temperature Extremes in Longtan Watershed Based on Multiple Indices
Authors: Mo Chongxun , Long Shiting , Ruan Yuli , Xie Yanping , Lei Xingbi , Lai Shufeng , Sun Guikai , Xing Zhenxiang
Published: May 2022

Global warming and the intensification of extreme temperature events have been major issues around the world in recent decades. Understanding changes in temperature extremes is critical to assessing and responding to the risks associated with regional temperature change. This paper takes the Longtan watershed as the research object, and 11 extreme temperature indices were calculated based on the meteorological observation data from 1959 to 2017. The Mann-Kendall trend mutation test, Empirical Orthogonal Function, and other methods were used to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of temperature extremes. Meanwhile, the simulation effects of temperature were analyzed based on 11 CMIP5 climate models, and the extreme temperature change in 2021–2050 under the high emission scenario RCP8.5 and low emission scenario RCP4.5 was estimated. The main results are as follows: both the warm-related indices and the extreme minimum temperature show an increasing trend. The cold-related frequency indices all show a decreasing trend. The spatial distribution of most temperature extremes increases or decreases from southwest to northeast, and the fluctuation is obvious with the alternation of positive and negative positions of the time. In the next 30 years, compared with the reference period 1961–1990, under the RCP4.5, the multiyear average of the Extreme Tmax and the multiyear average of the Extreme Tmin increase by 2.1°C and 0.4°C, respectively, and by 2.0°C and 0.3°C under the RCP8.5. Overall, the frequency of extreme cold events decreases, and the frequency of extreme warm events increases. There is a warming trend in temperature extremes.
The Association of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain and Acute Ischaemic Stroke Is Influenced by Effective Revascularization
Authors: Zhou Fa-Ying , Chen Dong-Wan , Li Hui-Yun , Zhu Chi , Shen Ying-Ying , Peng Ze-Yan , Li Ling , Bu Xian-Le , Zeng Gui-Hua , Zhang Meng , Wang Yan-Jiang , Jin Wang-Sheng
Published: May 2022

Objective. To explore associations of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) at admission with clinical deficits and the long-term prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Methods. We recruited 110 AIS patients with serum sampled at hospital arrival. The concentrations of sNfL were detected by a Simoa HD-1 analyser. We first investigated the determinants of sNfL levels at admission within the study population. Associations of sNfL levels with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were then tested. We further divided the patients into revascularized and nonrevascularized groups, and the associations of sNfL levels with NIHSS and mRS scores were assessed in these subgroups. Results. Age, sex, stroke history, and the time between the onset of illness and arrival at the hospital were independent influencing factors of sNfL levels within the study population. The sNfL levels at admission were correlated with the NIHSS scores 7 days after stroke (

p
=
0.004

) across all subjects but showed no correlation with the NIHSS scores at admission (

p
=
0.293

) or the mRS scores 6 months after stroke (

p
=
0.065

). Further analysis revealed that in the nonrevascularized group of AIS patients, the sNfL levels at admission were positively correlated with NIHSS scores (NIHSS at admission,

p
=
0.005

; NIHSS 7 days after stroke,

p
=
0.003

) and negatively correlated with mRS scores (

p
=
0.011

). Conclusion. sNfL levels at admission could be a potential biomarker for predicting clinical deficits and prognosis in the natural course of AIS.
BHLHE40 Regulates the T-Cell Effector Function Required for Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling and Immune Checkpoint Therapy Efficacy
Authors: Salmon Avery J. , Shavkunov Alexander S. , Miao Qi , Jarjour Nicholas N. , Keshari Sunita , Esaulova Ekaterina , Williams Charmelle D. , Ward Jeffrey P. , Highsmith Anna M. , Pineda Josué E. , Taneja Reshma , Chen Ken , Edelson Brian T. , Gubin Matthew M.
Published: May 2022

Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) using antibody blockade of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) can provoke T cell–dependent antitumor activity that generates durable clinical responses in some patients. The epigenetic and transcriptional features that T cells require for efficacious ICT remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, we report that anti–PD-1 and anti–CTLA-4 ICT induce upregulation of the transcription factor BHLHE40 in tumor antigen–specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and that T cells require BHLHE40 for effective ICT in mice bearing immune-edited tumors. Single-cell RNA sequencing of intratumoral immune cells in BHLHE40-deficient mice revealed differential ICT-induced immune cell remodeling. The BHLHE40-dependent gene expression changes indicated dysregulated metabolism, NF-κB signaling, and IFNγ response within certain subpopulations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from BHLHE40-deficient mice exhibited higher expression of the inhibitory receptor gene Tigit and displayed alterations in expression of genes encoding chemokines/chemokine receptors and granzyme family members. Mice lacking BHLHE40 had reduced ICT-driven IFNγ production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and defects in ICT-induced remodeling of macrophages from a CX3CR1+CD206+ subpopulation to an iNOS+ subpopulation that is typically observed during effective ICT. Although both anti–PD-1 and anti–CTLA-4 ICT in BHLHE40-deficient mice led to the same outcome—tumor outgrowth—several BHLHE40-dependent alterations were specific to the ICT that was used. Our results reveal a crucial role for BHLHE40 in effective ICT and suggest that BHLHE40 may be a predictive or prognostic biomarker for ICT efficacy and a potential therapeutic target.
Normalization of Flow in the Common Hepatic Artery after Decompression of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome with Diminution of a Pancreatoduodenal Arcade Aneurysm
Authors: Matsumoto Kenji , Shinozaki Hiroharu , Shinozaki Satoshi , Terauchi Toshiaki , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sata Naohiro
Published: May 2022

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is caused by constriction of the celiac artery (CA) by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm. Ligament release improves perfusion of the CA, resulting in resolution of abdominal symptoms. A 51-year-old female had postprandial abdominal pain for 10 years and underwent computed tomography (CT) scan showing severe stenosis of the CA with pancreatoduodenal arcade aneurysm formation. MALS was diagnosed, and open median arcuate ligament incision was performed to decompress the CA. Intraoperative ultrasonography showed bidirectional turbulent flow in the common hepatic artery (CHA). The median arcuate ligament was uneventfully incised, and compression of the CA released. The perfusion in the CHA was changed to an antegrade direction, and the flow increased. Seven days after the laparotomy, the patient was discharged uneventfully. Follow-up CT scan 20 days after operation showed a diminished pancreatoduodenal arcade aneurysm and inferior pancreatoduodenal artery. Epigastric pain and postprandial distress symptoms were improved. In conclusion, perfusion of the CHA became normalized after median arcuate ligament release. Surgical intervention for MALS not only improved blood flow in the tributaries but also diminished the pancreatoduodenal arcade aneurysm.
Mathematical Arterialization of Capillary Blood for Blood Gas Analysis in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Daher Ayham , Veelken Julia Maria , Müller Tobias
Published: May 2022

Background: In clinical practice, capillary blood taken from hyperemized earlobes (CBGE) or fingertips (CBGF) is frequently used as substitute for arterial blood (ABG) for blood gas analysis. While there is a close agreement between ABG and CBGE/CBGF regarding pH and pCO2, pO2 is often underestimated by CBG. Recently, a software tool (v-TAC®; Roche Diagnostics, Risch-Rotkreuz, Switzerland) has been developed to calculate ABG values based on a peripheral venous blood gas analysis supplemented with peripheral oxygen saturation. Objective: Here we investigate whether v-TAC can also be used to calculate ABG values from capillary blood samples. Methods: Patients (n = 85) with an indwelling arterial line were included in the study. A reference ABG sample (ABG1) was obtained, followed by CBGE, CBGF, and finally a second ABG (ABG2). Results of CBGE/CBGF before and after mathematical arterialization by v-TAC (aCBGE/aCBGF) were compared to ABG1. Results: After mathematical arterialization by v-TAC, the mean bias in pO2 between ABG1 and CBGE went down from 5.24 mm Hg (95% limit of agreement [95% LoA]: −14.19 to 24.67) to 0.18 mm Hg (95% LoA: −11.84 to 12.20) and was in a similar range as the mean bias between ABG1 and ABG2 (0.39 mm Hg [95% LoA: −13.46 to 14.24]). Differences in pH and pCO2 between arterial and capillary samples were small before and after mathematical arterialization. Very similar results were obtained when using fingertip instead of earlobe capillary blood. Conclusion: In summary, v-TAC can be used for mathematical arterialization of capillary blood samples for blood gas analysis resulting in increased diagnostic accuracy for pO2.
Comprehensive Analysis of Ixazomib-Induced Adverse Events Using the Japanese Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: Yamaoka Kenta , Fujiwara Masaki , Uchida Mayako , Uesawa Yoshihiro , Muroi Nobuyuki , Shimizu Tadashi
Published: May 2022

Background: Ixazomib is an orally available proteasome inhibitor for multiple myeloma with adverse effects such as gastrointestinal symptoms, skin rashes, and thrombocytopenia reported in clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance, resulting in treatment discontinuation. However, comprehensive adverse event (AE) assessments for ixazomib are lacking. Objectives: Herein, we aimed to determine the frequency and risk of AEs associated with ixazomib in Japanese patients using the Japanese Adverse Event Reporting Database (JADER). Additionally, the time to onset and post hoc outcomes of unique AEs were clarified. Methods: To investigate the association between ixazomib and AEs, we analyzed the JADER database, comprising voluntary AE reports submitted to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, between April 2004 and June 2021. AEs with ≥10 reports were included in the analysis, and criteria for the presence of AE signals were defined as meeting the requirements of proportional report ratio ≥2 and χ2 ≥ 4. Characteristic AEs were analyzed considering time to onset and onset outcomes. Results: Of 34 extracted AEs, 18 presented AE signals. The 12 post hoc outcomes with fatality rates ≥10% included septic shock (50.0%), infection (41.2%), heart failure (16.7%), pneumonia (14.2%), and tumor necrosis syndrome (13.3%). A median of the time to onset showed that 11 of the 18 AEs occurred from ixazomib initiation to approximately 1 month later. Conclusion: Our results suggest that ixazomib may increase the incidence of 18 AEs, 11 of which occurred within the first month of treatment. Furthermore, 8 AEs were found to have potentially fatal outcomes at a rate of ≥10%. Therefore, monitoring AEs during the first month of treatment appears necessary.
Participación juvenil y formación en movimientos populares del conurbano bonaerense
Authors: Palumbo María Mercedes , Gonzalez María Ana , Tapia Victoria
Published: May 2022

(analítico)La participación de jóvenes en movimientos populares resulta un aspecto de interés para analizar. Específicamente, se indaga sobre el aspecto formativo de la dinámica que denominamos «salir y volver a los barrios» de jóvenes del Movimiento Nacional Campesino Indígena de Buenos Aires en el conurbano bonaerense, Argentina. Recuperamos el espacio de la Olla Solidaria desarrollado con el objetivo de atender a la creciente demanda alimentaria. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa colaborativa a partir de entrevistas, observaciones y se participó en actividades de la organización. Los resultados muestran los distintos territorios que se entraman en la dinámica de salida y vuelta a los barrios en una perspectiva espacializada de la formación. Asimismo, dan cuenta de los saberes que se construyen y las implicancias del encuentro con la alteridad.
Palabras clave: Formación; jóvenes; conocimiento; Argentina.
Traumatismo cranioencefálico abusivo pediátrico: relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Lee Alice Cunha , Camargo Ana Luísa de , Lucena Clarissa Henriques de , Santos Leandro Gouveia dos , Palhares Renata Bacic , Antônio Ana Maria do Amaral
Published: May 2022

O presente trabalho teve como finalidade relatar um caso de abuso infantil em que ocorreu um trauma craniano violento, popularmente conhecido como “shaken baby syndrome” ou síndrome do bebê sacudido. Foi realizada revisão da literatura do tema proposto, através de uma busca em bancos de bases de dados. Os resultados foram restritos aos conteúdos publicados nos últimos dez anos. O principal achado do caso relatado de traumatismo craniano violento foi a presença da tríade fisiopatológica desta condição, composta por hematoma subdural, edema cerebral e hemorragia retiniana. Dentre os principais resultados do trabalho, ressalta-se a substituição do termo “síndrome do bebê sacudido” por “traumatismo craniano violento”, a importância do conhecimento acerca desta condição é devida a sua gravidade e mau prognóstico, e, por fim, também foi evidenciada a falta de disponibilidade de dados epidemiológicos sobre trauma craniano violento no Brasil.
Retenção inadvertida de corpo estranho (compressa cirúrgica): análise da jurisprudência do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo em ações por suspeita de erro médico
Authors: Perim André Yunes , Takitane Juliana
Published: May 2022

A retenção inadvertida de corpo estranho (RICE) na cavidade abdominal após um procedimento cirúrgico é um fato que tem sido registrado na literatura médica e que se apresenta como uma situação ainda sem resolução. Para a área médica, a RICE, por si só, não se caracteriza como erro médico, uma vez que pode estar relacionada à falibilidade involuntária do cirurgião. Já a doutrina civilista costuma caracterizá-la como erro médico, pois entende que o esquecimento ocorre em decorrência da falta de cuidados conscienciosos, atentos e comprometidos do médico. Diante da divergência de entendimento entre as áreas médica e jurídica, este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o posicionamento do Judiciário nos casos de RICE (compressa cirúrgica). Este trabalho analisou os acórdãos proferidos pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo, de 01/01/2015 a 31/12/2019. Dos 59 acórdãos analisados, reconheceu-se o erro médico em 81,67%, com prevalência na especialidade Ginecologia/Obstetrícia (67,34%). A culpa solidária e o dano moral foram reconhecidos na maioria dos casos (55,10% e 100%, respectivamente) e valor médio arbitrado a título de indenização foi de R$ 41.240,40. Independentemente do caráter da cirurgia (eletivo, urgência ou emergência), a comprovação da RICE foi caracterizada como erro médico.
Effect of Intensive Blood Pressure Control on Incident Stroke Risk in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Sharma Richa , Falcone Guido J. , Prabhakaran Shyam , Sheth Kevin N.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Patients with mild cognitive impairment may be at higher risk of incident stroke, but the effect of intensive blood pressure (BP) control on that risk has not been explored.

Methods:

We performed a post hoc analysis of SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) and included patients with a baseline Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of 19 to 25 and without a prior history of stroke. The primary outcome was incident stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) during follow-up. We report the unadjusted cumulative risk of our primary outcome by SPRINT randomization arm (intensive versus standard BP control) and also fit Cox models to the primary outcome and adjusted for patient age at randomization, race/ethnicity, sex, baseline BP, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and smoking.

Results:

We included 5091 patients (mean age 68.2, 44% female, 56.7% non-Hispanic White, and 50.2% randomized to intensive BP control), of which 95/5091 (1.9%) had an incident stroke during a mean of 3.8±0.9 years of follow-up. The risk of incident stroke in patients randomized to standard BP control was 57/2536 (2.3%) and to intensive BP control was 38/2555 (1.5%;
P
=0.045). In the adjusted Cox model, the hazard ratio for incident stroke events with intensive BP control was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.43–0.98;
P
=0.040).

Conclusions:

Although the SPRINT trial failed to show a reduction in stroke with intensive BP control for all subjects, those with a Montreal Cognitive Assessment score consistent with mild cognitive impairment at baseline had an association between intensive BP control and lower risk of incident stroke. Future trials of primary prevention of stroke may benefit from enrichment using baseline vascular biomarkers of elevated risk, such as mild cognitive impairment.
Learning and Citizenship: Pupils’ Perceptions in a Local Authority Raising Achievement Strategy
Authors: Duffield Jill , Allan Julie
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses pupils’ implicit and explicit ideas about citizenship education from a study in which children aged 11 and 14 were interviewed in groups about classroom learning and teaching, and about wider experiences of learning, encompassing community involvement, preparation for parenthood and citizenship. Pupils were invited to consider the relevance to their experiences of statements based on local authority ‘raising achievement process targets’. Pupils sought to widen their opportunities to be involved in decisions about their learning and about school life. They adopted a social and moral interpretation of citizenship, however, and in spite of awareness of social problems, tended to reject the relevance to themselves of political understanding. The findings are considered at a time of renewed public commitment to education for citizenship at national and local levels.
Primary education students’ engagement with socio-scientific discussion as an approach to learning for sustainability.
Authors: Day Stephen P. , Scott-McKie Louise , Killen Andrew
Published: April 2022

Sustainability is a complex, ill-defined concept that has been the subject of much debate over the last two decades (Wals and Jickling, 2002). The ill-defined nature of sustainability manifests itself within socio-scientific issues where conflicting reality constructions, values, norms, and interests interact. Initial teacher education as part of Higher education has a responsibility to critique the values and knowledge claims inherent within contemporary science issues and can meet this responsibility by supporting students to engage with socio-scientific discussions within the context of learning for sustainability. This paper explores how forty-four primary education students engage with discussions focused upon climate change. Students’ prior educational experience, together with their disposition towards open-mindedness impacts heavily upon the way they interact during discussions. Online teacher-mediated discussion fora are useful for supporting primary education students’ ability to cope with the inherent complexity and the differing values imbued within the multiple perspectives emergent within socio-scientific discussion.
What’s in Your File Drawer? The Case of the Missing Null in Criminology and Criminal Justice
Authors: Crow Matthew S. , Smykla John Ortiz , O’Brien Haydon , Cerna Tori , Johnson Alexander , Pisaris Sarah , Suarez Mariana , Wilder Jordyn
Published: May 2022

Analysis of scholarship in the physical, biological, and social sciences has discovered that peer-reviewed journals publish a much larger proportion of articles with statistically significant findings compared to articles with null results. Publication bias in criminology and criminal justice (CCJ) has received very little attention, however. The current study is an exploratory analysis of research in leading CCJ journals across 2 years to determine the current state of null findings in contemporary CCJ scholarship. Our findings are consistent with studies in other disciplines; null results are rare in leading CCJ journals. We explore the context of our findings, outline the importance of examining publication bias to improve CCJ research and better inform policy, and discuss the limitations of our approach.
Healthcare Providers’ Perspectives Toward the Integration of over the Counter Supplements During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study from Jordan
Authors: Al-Shatnawi Samah F. , Khasawneh Rawand A. , Alhamad Hamza
Published: May 2022

Objective: During COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers (HCPs) have been inundated with consultations related to over the counter (OTC) dietary supplements’ protective role. Thus, the present study focused on assessing HCPs perceptions toward OTC products integration during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Pertinent data was collected using validated-online survey comprising four sections: demographics, OTC supplementation perceptions, awareness related to safety of OTC supplements, confidence in recommending dosage and counseling to patients regarding OTC supplements’ safety, and some health-related behaviors. Quantified perception score represented by corrected confidence-concern ratio was used in assessing perceptions, and associations between demographics with perception and awareness were explored. Results: A total of 600 responses were included in the final analysis. Vitamin C, zinc, and vitamin D were the most popularly recommended OTC supplements. Most respondents indicated positive perceptions toward dietary supplementation while around 60% of respondents reported reluctance about the protective role of COVID-19 vaccination. Bachelor’s degree holders (AOR = 4.39, 95% CI = 2.25–10.33), pharmacists (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.5–9.5), and junior HCPs (<1 year experience) had improved perceptions compared to college graduates, physicians, and senior practitioners (AOR = .17, 95% CI = .04–.78 and AOR = .15, 95% CI = .02–.93), respectively. Conclusion: Suboptimal knowledge among HCPs toward the safety and hazards associated with integration of different OTC supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic dictates further education to ensure the safe integration of OTC supplements.
Changing Epidemiology of Oral Cavity Cancer in the United States
Authors: Stepan Katelyn O. , Mazul Angela L. , Larson Jeffrey , Shah Parth , Jackson Ryan S. , Pipkorn Patrik , Kang Stephen Y. , Puram Sidharth V.
Published: May 2022

Objective

We aim to more accurately characterize the current distribution and rates of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases across various oral cavity subsites in the United States.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Setting

Database study evaluating cancer incidence in the United States from 2001 to 2017.

Methods

We utilized the US Cancer Statistics Public Use Database, which includes deidentified cancer data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries and the National Cancer Institute's SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results), capturing 97% of newly diagnosed cancers. We restricted our analysis to SCC arising from oral cavity subsites from 2001 to 2017. We calculated trends in annual cancer incidence rates using SEER*Stat, as well as annual and average annual percentage change and joinpoints with the National Cancer Institute's Joinpoint program.

Results

Most oral cavity SCC cases arise from the oral tongue (41.7%), followed equally by lip and floor of mouth (each 16.5%), gingival (10.6%), buccal (6.7%), retromolar trigone (5.6%), and hard palate (2.3%) involvement. The overall incidence of oral tongue SCC continues to rise with an average annual percentage change of 1.8% (95% CI, 1.6%‐2.1%; P < .001), with a 2.3% increase among women. This increase is seen among males and females of all age groups. Cancers involving the gum, buccal mucosa, and hard palate were also found to be increasing in rate, albeit to a lesser degree and with substantially lower incidence.

Conclusions

The tongue is the most frequently involved subsite of oral cavity SCC and is increasing in incidence among males and females of all ages.
Non-ECG-gated high-pitch CT angiography versus hybrid ECG-gated CT angiography for aorta using 512-slice CT: comparison of image quality and radiation dose
Authors: Lee Jimin , Jeong Yeon Joo , Lee Geewon , Kim Chang Won , Kim Jin You , Lee Nam Kyung , Lee Han Cheol , Lee Ji Won
Published: May 2022

Background

There have been few reports comparing image quality and radiation dose of aorta computed tomography angiography (CTA) between the high-pitch and the hybrid technique.

Purpose

To compare the image quality and radiation dose among non-electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated high-pitch CTA and hybrid ECG-gated CTA of the aorta using 512-slice CT.

Material and Methods

This retrospective study included 110 patients who underwent non-ECG-gated high-pitch CTA (group 1) or hybrid ECG-gated CTA (group 2) of the entire aorta. Interpretability, image noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the mean effective radiation dose were compared.

Results

The mean image noise of the whole aorta was significantly lower (15.7 ± 1.8 HU vs. 16.5 ± 1.2 HU, P = 0.008) in group 1 than in group 2. The CNR (22.3 ± 4.7 vs. 20.0 ± 3.9, P < 0.001) and SNR (26.5 ± 4.9 vs. 23.2 ± 4.0, P < 0.001) were higher in group 2 compared with group 1. Neither group showed a significant difference in interpretability of the ascending aorta, cardiac chamber, aortic valve, right ostium, and left ostium (all P = 1). The mean effective radiation dose was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (3.5 ± 0.9 mSv vs. 4.3 ± 0.8 mSv, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The non-ECG-gated high-pitch technique shows significantly improved CNR and SNR due to reduced noise with lower radiation exposure. The interpretability of the cardiac structure, ascending aorta, aortic valve, and both ostia did not differ significantly between the two groups.
Ramanujan’s Equation as an Aid to Predict Arch Perimeter Changes with Precision: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Antala Kishan , Iyengar Shreya , Desai Hina , Chandarana Pranav
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of Ramanujan’s equation in measuring arch perimeter on untreated natural dentition models and their orthodontically corrected posttreatment models. The secondary objective was to apply the equation to predict the arch perimeter gained by the expansion of the molar teeth or proclination of the incisor teeth and compare it with the actual posttreatment arch perimeter changes.

Methods

32 maxillary and mandibular (16 pretreatment and 16 posttreatment each) fairly aligned diagnostic casts of orthodontically treated nonextraction patients with class I molar relationships were used. The arch perimeter was measured using 0.012 mm stainless steel wire and was compared with the calculated arch perimeter obtained using Ramanujan’s equation. Pearson correlations were used to determine the correlation between the measured and predicted values. Paired t-tests were used to assess changes in different variables in the pre- and posttreatment study casts of maxilla and mandible.

Results

Positive correlation of 0.06 (90% CI) between predicted and measured values was found. In maxillary ( P = .04) study models, predicted arch perimeter by use of Ramanujan’s equation was more reliable than mandibular ( P = .74) study models.

Conclusion

Ramanujan’s equation can be an important aid to calculate the arch perimeter change by the expansion of molar teeth and proclination of incisor teeth 0.06 (90% CI). It is helpful for more accurate nonextraction treatment planning before the start of orthodontic treatment. In maxillary ( P = .04) study models, calculated arch perimeter using Ramanujan’s equation is even more reliable than mandibular study models ( P = .74).
Shift and Night Work and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Prospective Results From the STRESSJEM Study
Authors: Niedhammer Isabelle , Coutrot Thomas , Geoffroy-Perez Béatrice , Chastang Jean-François
Published: May 2022

The literature remains sparse and inconclusive about the impact of shift and night work on mortality, and still more on specific causes of death. The objectives were to explore the prospective associations between exposure to shift and night work and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The study was based on a large national representative French prospective cohort of 1,511,456 employees followed up from 1976 to 2002. Exposure to shift and night work relied on a job-exposure matrix, and 3 time-varying measures (current, cumulative, and recency-weighted cumulative exposure) were constructed. Mortality and causes of death were provided by the national registry, and all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and preventable mortality, and suicide were studied. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to study the associations between shift and night work and mortality. During follow-up, 22,105 deaths occurred for all-cause mortality. In the study of mortality until the end of last job during follow-up, shift and/or night work were associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and preventable mortality, and suicide (except night without shift work with cancer mortality and suicide) among men. Shift work (especially shift without night work) was associated with all-cause, cancer and preventable mortality among women. The results were similar for current, cumulative, and recency-weighted cumulative exposure. Associations were found for more detailed causes of death: cerebrovascular diseases for both genders, ischemic heart diseases, respiratory cancers, smoking-related mortality, and external causes of death among men, and breast cancer among women. In the study of mortality until the end of follow-up, some additional associations were found among women between night work and all-cause and preventable mortality, and suicide, suggesting long-term or delayed exposure effects. The study may, however, be underpowered to detect all the exposure-outcome associations, especially among women. More research and prevention are needed to reduce mortality among shift and night workers.
New intelligent fault diagnosis approach of rolling bearing based on improved vibration gray texture image and vision transformer
Authors: Hong-wei Fan , Ning-ge Ma , Xu-hui Zhang , Ce-yi Xue , Jia-teng Ma , Yang Yan
Published: May 2022

Rolling bearing is a key component of rotating machines, its working state directly affects the performance and safety of the whole equipment. Deep learning based on big data is a mainstream means of intelligent mechanical fault diagnosis. The key lies in enhancing fault feature and improving diagnosis accuracy. Different from the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) which relies on the convolution layer to extract the image features, the Vision Transformer (VIT) uses the multi-head attention mechanism to establish the relationship among the pixels in an image. In order to improve the accuracy of rolling bearing fault diagnosis, a new fault diagnosis method based on VIT is proposed. The vibration gray texture images to be input are divided into the patches according to the predetermined size and linearly mapped into input sequences, and the global image information is integrated through the self-attention mechanism to realize fault diagnosis. In order to enhance the expressiveness and generalization ability, the pooling layer is introduced into VIT. The tested results show that the fault diagnosis accuracy of VIT on the test set reaches 94.6%, and the corresponding classification indexes top-1 is 84.2% and top-5 is 95.0%. The accuracy of the new Pooling Vision Transformer (PIT) is 3.3% higher than that of the original VIT, which proves that the introduction to pooling layer can improve the image identification performance of VIT.