bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring of cardiac electrical system function among salbutamol inhaled children – A cohort study
Authors: V Anebaracy , S Kumaran , C Rekha , A Karuppiah
Published: August 2023

Background: Salbutamol is widely recognized as an effective rescue therapy for acute asthma attacks. However, the usage of inhaled β2-agonists, including salbutamol, has been related to an amplified hazard of cardiovascular disease, as suggested by several studies. Despite this association, there is an absence of sufficient facts regarding the cardiac electrophysiological possessions of inhaled β2-agonists in children.

Aim and Objectives: The present study was to explore the cardiac electrophysiological effects of inhaled salbutamol in children. By examining the specific impact of salbutamol on cardiac electrophysiology, this study aimed to contribute valuable insights into the potential cardiovascular effects of inhaled β2-agonists in the pediatric population.

Materials and Methods: This cohort study involved 130 individuals of both sexes, levels in age from 1 to 12 years. Salbutamol nebulization was administered to the children at a dosage of 0.15 mg/kg/dose, mixed with normal saline at a ratio of 1:3, using a nebulizer. Cardiac parameters including heart rate, T axis, P axis, QTc interval, QRS axis, QRS interval, and PR interval were recorded before and after nebulization using a computerized electrocardiogram (ECG).

Results: The outcomes of the work presented that following nebulization, there was a major rise in heart rate and a notable decline in the PR interval, T axis, and P axis. However, no analytical significant deviations were observed in the QRS axis, QTc interval, and QRS interval.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that within a time frame of 5–15 min after inhaling a single standard dose of salbutamol, significant changes in the ECG parameters occur. These changes in cardiac electrophysiology may contribute to an amplified occurrence of arrhythmias in some patients getting salbutamol treatment. It is important to note that the frequent use of high doses of salbutamol for asthmatic exacerbations may potentially lead to more severe cardiac adverse effects.
Airflow limitation in asymptomatic tobacco users and tobacco non-smokers
Authors: Michael Jiya , Mathew Sunayana , Vincent Josephine
Published: August 2023

Background: The most frequent global contributor to avoidable fatalities is tobacco smoking. Cigarettes are a common way to consume tobacco. More hazardous chemicals are exposed, which causes more damage to the conduits and parenchyma of the lungs. Compared to non-smokers, cigarette smokers had a greater prevalence of FEV1 decline and a higher chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality rate. These disparities between smokers and non-smokers are inversely correlated with smoking frequency. Pulmonary function tests can detect an obstructive pattern early.

Aims and Objective: The present study was done to assess the effect of tobacco smoking on pulmonary function and to evaluate the difference between smokers and non-smokers.

Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Physiology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences for 1 year. The study participants were divided into two groups, Group I included 110 participants who were asymptomatic smokers, who smoke more than 5 cigarettes per day for more than 1 year and Group II included 110 participants who were non-smokers and not exposed to passive smoking. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1 to FVC ratio (FEV1/FVC), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were done after explaining the procedure to the participants. Data thus obtained were entered into Excel sheet. Results were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 version and the association was tested using the unpaired “t” test and one-way analysis of variance test.

Results: The spirometric variables (FVC, FEV1, and PEFR) were lower in smokers as compared to nonsmokers. This difference was statistically significant. The rate of reduction was also proportional to the number of years, the person had been smoking.

Conclusion: Smoking tobacco in any kind has a serious negative impact on lung functions. Early detection and support for these asymptomatic smokers are crucial because early cessation is linked to improved survival. Being the initial point of contact, primary care doctors can play a significant contribution.
Tuberculosis positivity in different clinical samples and their rifampicin resistance status detected by Truenat MTB/RIF assay in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Gupta Sharmila , Bandyopadhyay Manas
Published: August 2023

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) causes 1.8 million deaths per year globally. TB is now a global priority for research and development. India accounts for >1/4th of global TB burden - 27 lakh out of 1 Crore new cases annually. Many patients with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) can have pulmonary involvement who can be potentially infectious.

Aims and Objectives: This study was undertaken to measure TB positivity and their rifampicin resistance rates in different clinical samples. Sputum TB positivity in EPTB patients was also detected.

Materials and Methods: Different samples of clinically suspected patients accounting for 1427 patients for 3 months were tested for TB positivity and Rifampicin resistance by Truenat MTB/RIF assay in R. G. Kar MCH. Biopsy, bones, and tissues were excluded due to lack of facility. Their demographic profile and risk factors were recorded.

Results: TB positivity and rifampicin resistance rates in positive samples respectively – sputum (19.01%, 7.86%), pleural fluid (10.78%, 9.11%), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (4%, 0%), DTA (0%, 0%), gastric lavage (5.26%, 0%), L.N. fine needle aspiration cytology (6.25%, 0%), ascitic fluid (2.13%, 0%), cerebrospinal fluid (5.17%, 0%), urine (2.13%, 0%), and synovial fluid (50%, 0%). Rifampicin resistance was more common among pulmonary samples. Patients with pleural TB had the highest associated sputum TB positivity. Important risk factors were smoking, diabetes, HIV infection, and post-COVID. Overall, the most common age group affected: 21–40 years (38%) including males (64.8%) and females (35.2%).

Conclusion: Truenat, sensitive and specific testing with low turnaround time in resource-poor settings is excellent for early diagnosis and prompt treatment of both pulmonary and EPTB. Overall, pulmonary TB had greater rifampicin resistance rates. Smoking, diabetes, HIV infection, and post-COVID infection were associated risk factors.
NAVIGATING THE PATH TOWARDS GEOECONOMICS: AN ANALYSIS OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR PAKISTAN
Authors: Bhatti Amjad Mahmood , Shahrukh Nataliya
Published: August 2023

Preferring geoeconomics over geopolitics is trending globally, and Pakistan is also an aspirant to join the suit. In this regard, various factors influence Pakistan's shift towards geoeconomics, including economic interests, regional dynamics, domestic considerations, and external influences. Pakistan must make confident choices despite the challenges posed by its geography and world politics. Although its domestic economy is struggling and requires urgent attention, BRI and CPEC offer a promising opportunity for Pakistan to strengthen its economy. However, the impact of CPEC has been limited due to regional constraints and can only be realised once regional connectivity and trade and energy routes are completed and operationalised. The West has also launched its B3W initiative, recognising China's advantage in connectivity. They have warned against joining BRI, claiming it is a debt trap strategy. This paper argues that at this critical juncture of a geo-economic pivot, Pakistan must re-evaluate its choices and focus on developing its economy while prioritising economic development. It also examines the options available to Pakistan to facilitate this geoeconomic pivot effectively. The choices and their implications are likely to be persuaded by geopolitical constraints.
 
Bibliography Entry
Bhatti, Amjad Mahmood, and Nataliya Shahrukh. 2023. "Navigating the Path Towards Geoeconomics: An Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges for Pakistan." Margalla Papers 27 (1): 1-12.
STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS OVERRIDING THE NON-PROLIFERATION PRIORITIES: AN ANALYSIS OF INDO-US CIVIL NUCLEAR DEAL
Authors: Sargana Tauqeer Hussain
Published: August 2023

The study has reviewed a critical question of how great powers override non-proliferation priorities at times of strategic considerations by creating ease out of their international obligations. In 2008, the Bush Administration entered a strategic understanding with India to enhance cooperation in the nuclear field that paved the way for civilian nuclear trade with New Delhi and carefully crafted the power dynamics favouring India. This study finds out that the so-called ‘Non-proliferation Enhancement Act’ provided an undue advantage to India over Pakistan, thus forcing Islamabad to improve the effectiveness and outreach of her strategic assets to mitigate the apprehensive threshold. Although the nuclearisation of South Asia was implicated in the non-proliferation regime, it ensured strategic balance in the region and shall continue to do so in the national security calculations. The Indo-US nuclear cooperation continues to haunt the dynamics of nuclear parity that concurrently possess serious security implications for Pakistan by allowing India to manipulate the threshold. Therefore, this paper investigates the genesis of the Indo-US deal, the geostrategic and commercial interests of major powers underpinning this deal, implications for Pakistan, steps taken by Pakistan so far and the way forward. The study is deductive and has contested the assumption of the nuclear non-proliferation regime as a theoretical framework.
 
Bibliography Entry
Sargana, Tauqeer Hussain. 2023. "Strategic Considerations Overriding the Non-Proliferation Priorities: An Analysis of Indo-US Civil Nuclear Deal." Margalla Papers 27 (1): 40-52.
BIDEN ADMINISTRATION’S NUCLEAR POSTURE REVIEW AND AMERICAN NUCLEAR POLICY: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW
Authors: Zeb Rizwan
Published: August 2023

The US Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) has been an important document detailing the US administration's policy preferences since its first issuance in 1994. Biden administration released its NPR in October 2022, which identifies nuclear rivals and focus areas examining the role of nuclear weapons in overall US strategy. Using the historical research method and open-source information, the paper provides an overview of the US strategic calculus on nuclear weapons since 1945, focusing on post-Cold War developments and how its nuclear policy and strategy evolved. The paper argues that despite advocating for nuclear disarmament, US presidents stayed within lip service and kept enhancing the US nuclear stockpile. It also highlights that President Trump’s decisions adversely affected US nuclear weapons policy and global security and that President Biden’s NPR would follow the route rather than fulfil his campaign promises. The paper has three parts: the first deals with US nuclear policy during the Cold War; the second looks at the policy during the post-Cold War era from President Bush Senior to President Biden. The third and final part critically analyses the overall nuclear policy challenges faced by the Biden Administration and how it might address them.
 
Bibliography Entry
Zeb, Rizwan. 2023. "Biden Administration’s Nuclear Posture Review and American Nuclear Policy: A Critical Overview" Margalla Papers 27 (1): 53-66.
STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY, SECURITY DILEMMA AND THE INTERPLAY OF INTERESTS: RUSSIA, CHINA AND THE US IN THE ARCTIC REGION SINCE 2014
Authors: Mushtaq Shireen , Sharif Uswa , Fatima Rida
Published: August 2023

The Northern Pole's polar ice is melting at an alarming rate due to climate change, significantly impacting the region's strategic landscape. The potential for economic growth and increasing security competition has led Russia, China and the US to ramp up their politico-military activities in the region. This research paper uses a qualitative method that explores the changing geopolitics of the region through a structural realist approach to examine the strategic interests and opportunities of these three countries in the Arctic. The study sheds light on how climate change has affected the region's geopolitical and geostrategic effects and how these countries compete for influence in the area, leading to mounting concerns and policy shifts. The paper shows how Russia takes a realist approach; China enhances its influence through a developmental approach, while the US tries to increase its power to counter the influence of Russia and China in the region. Additionally, the paper explains how the interplay of interests in the region is associated with the offence-defence balance and security dilemmas resulting from the neorealist behaviour of these states.
 
Bibliography Entry
Mushtaq, Shireen, Uswa Sharif and Rida Fatima. 2023. "Strategic Opportunity, Security Dilemma and the Interplay of Interests: Russia, China and the US in the Arctic Region Since 2014." Margalla Papers 27 (1): 67-81.
SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANISATION AND AFGHANISTAN: INTERESTS AND LIMITATIONS
Authors: Khan Hameed Ullah , Shah Muhammad Farooq , Khan Muhammad Ilyas
Published: August 2023

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation has greater relevance in Afghanistan because of its strategic importance and geographic proximity. For years, the country has harboured numerous extremist groups and insurgents. It has remained a battleground for US-led coalition forces and the Taliban for about two decades. Despite efforts by the US and its allies, peace has yet to be restored in Afghanistan, and the responsibility now rests on regional countries. It is crucial for these states, especially Eurasian nations, to work together to stabilise the war-torn country and bring lasting peace to the region. Therefore, the study examines the push and pull factors of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation’s interests in Afghanistan and the challenges that come with implementing their peace plans. The data has been collected from various primary and secondary sources, including websites, newspapers and research articles. The paper also highlights two major concerns for the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the economic crisis in Afghanistan and the international recognition of the Taliban government.
 
Bibliography Entry
Khan, Hameed Ullah, Muhammad Farooq Shah and Muhammad Ilyas Khan. 2023. "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and Afghanistan: Interests and Limitations." Margalla Papers 27 (1): 82-95.
US’ TAIWAN STRATEGY: AN INSTRUMENT TO CONTAIN CHINA
Authors: Farooq Muhammad
Published: August 2023

The issue of Taiwan has become a major point of contention between the US and China, with visits by US officials resulting in strong criticism from China and military escalation in the region. Experts are concerned that a conflict between these two powers in the Asia-Pacific region could endanger global peace and stability, especially given the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. China maintains its claim over Taiwan under the 'One China Policy,’ considering it a lost province and advocating for its unification with the mainland. While recognising Taiwan as part of China under this policy, the US engages in diplomatic and military activities with Taiwan, which China considers interference in its internal affairs. In the post-Cold War era, the US adopted an ambiguous policy towards Taiwan as part of its containment strategy against China. Therefore, the US seeks to slow China's perpetual growth by promising enhanced defence for Taiwan. Recent US official visits to Taiwan reflect provocative measures in line with this strategy. This paper analyses the US' Taiwan policy as a containment instrument against China, recent measures adopted by the US administration to provoke China, Taiwan's strategic significance, and the US' long-standing commitment to Taiwan's security as essential for maintaining its leadership role in international affairs.
 
Bibliography Entry
Farooq, Muhammad. 2023. "US’ Taiwan Strategy: An Instrument to Contain China." Margalla Papers 27 (1): 96-108.
THE CHARM OFFENSIVE OF CHINA: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF DIGITAL SILK ROAD IN FOSTERING SINO-EU ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
Authors: Farhat Laraib
Published: August 2023

Digital Silk Road, like Belt and Road Initiative, is an ambitious and all-encompassing inventiveness of the Chinese government, aiming to develop China as a global telecommunications network and infrastructure leader. The Global Digital order, since its inception, has been dominated by Western powers; however, with the initiation of the Digital Silk Road and China becoming a digital backbone globally, many Western powers have shown disregard for how this digital hegemony of China can be a threat to their national security. Nonetheless, besides the security implications, the Digital Silk Road brings many strategic opportunities. This paper, thus, looks into how China is advocating a softer image of itself through its Charm Offensive diplomacy and influencing actors involved in Digital Silk Road – specifically the EU – to cooperate with China vis-à-vis Digital Silk Road. This study uses qualitative and thematic analysis to determine how China and the EU can ward off the strategic implications and collaborate to build a more inclusive digital economy.
 
Bibliography Entry
Farhat, Laraib. 2023. "The Charm Offensive of China: Assessing the Role of Digital Silk Road in Fostering Sino-EU Economic Integration." Margalla Papers 27 (1): 109-122.
PAKISTAN-INDIA BILATERAL RELATIONS AND APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PEACEBUILDING
Authors: Khan Omair Farooq
Published: August 2023

The recent Pulwama incident has further strained the already tense relationship between India and Pakistan. India's violation of the UN resolution on Kashmir has exacerbated the situation, leaving both countries with seemingly no common ground or shared challenges to bring them to the dialogue table and build confidence and trust for a sustainable relationship. This paper proposes a peace-initiating process prioritising cooperation on common environmental challenges to improve bilateral relations between Pakistan and India. Environmental peacebuilding, which focuses on shared ecological challenges and provides a platform for dialogue and cooperation between rival states, has been explored for a couple of years. However, the cooperative dimensions of environmental peacebuilding have yet to be studied in bilateral relations between Pakistan and India. This paper provides a brief qualitative analysis of relations between two countries, highlights the potential for environmental peacebuilding to improve their relationship, and addresses challenges to successfully implementing this approach.
 
Bibliography Entry
Khan, Omair Farooq. 2023. "Pakistan-India Bilateral Relations and Application of Environmental Peacebuilding." Margalla Papers 27 (1): 155-165.
CONCEPTUALISING THE ROLE OF INDIA IN NORTH KOREA`S DENUCLEARISATION
Authors: Kakar Sher Ali , Khan Muhammad Adil
Published: August 2023

The US and its allies perceive North Korea's acquisition of nuclear weapons as a significant strategic challenge in the region. Diplomatic efforts have been made to persuade the Kim regime to abandon its nuclear programme, but they have failed. The DPRK considers nuclear weapons capability vital for deterrence against external threats and strategically crucial for national defence. India, a key US ally in containing China, has taken a stiffer stance towards Pyongyang's nuclear programme while enhancing its role in contributing to North Korea's denuclearisation. It represents itself as a staunch opponent of nuclear proliferation and the development of sophisticated weapons. This paper explores India's role in North Korea's perceived denuclearisation. It highlights that India has adopted a dual-standard approach to nuclear proliferation and sophisticated weapons and is also trying to create a technological nexus between Pakistan and North Korea, allegedly to achieve strategic ambitions in South Asia and assert pressure on Pakistan with the help of the US and its Western allies.
 
Bibliography Entry
Kakar, Sher Ali and Muhammad Adil Khan. 2023. "Conceptualising the Role of India in North Korea’s Denuclearisation." Margalla Papers 27 (1): 166-175.
Preface: 4th International Conference on Education, Sport and Psychological Studies (ESPS 2023)
Authors: Chen Shan , Wu Xi
Published: August 2023

This proceeding includes original and peer-reviewed research papers from the 4th International Conference on Education, Sport and Psychological Studies (ESPS 2023) held on May 30-31, 2023 in Hong Kong, China.

The aim of the conference is to provide an interactive platform for the academicians, R & D organizations, industries, innovators, entrepreneurs, government agencies and policy-makers etc., from both China and abroad to exchange ideas on recent researches and advances in the domain of Education, Sport and Psychological Studies with its prospective application in the various interdisciplinary domains of engineering. This two-day conference is being organized online in technical association with Research Center of Engineering and Science and will include invited keynote talks and oral paper presentations from both academia and industry to ignite our young minds, to initiate them in the field of meaningful research and thereby enrich their existing knowledge.

ESPS 2023 received 87 manuscripts. By submitting a paper to ESPS 2023, the authors agreed to the review process and understood that papers undergo a peer-review process. Manuscripts were reviewed by appropriately qualified experts in the field selected by the Conference Committee, who gave detailed comments and-if the submission was accepted the authors would submit a revised version that considered this feedback. All papers were reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declared their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers did not know each other’s identities, nor did the authors receive information about who had reviewed their manuscript. The Committees of ESPS 2022 invested great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit.

Shan Chen, Xi Wu

Conference Committees
Research on the Progress of English Education in the Development of Chinese Traditional Culture
Authors: Liu Jie
Published: August 2023

With the deepening of economic globalization, English is becoming more and more important as a universal language in the world. As an important part, English education has been paid more and more attention by the country and the society. Chinese traditional culture is well inherited in China. The current task is to integrate Chinese traditional culture into English teaching, which can better promote students' understanding of Chinese traditional culture and cultivate students' confidence. This thesis focuses on the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture in English education. Mainly from English is analyzed, the reasons of Chinese traditional culture in Chinese traditional culture in the weak position of English education and communication barriers as the basis, targeted to enhance Chinese traditional culture spreading and penetration strength in higher vocational English education and put forward relevant countermeasures and Suggestions, for the traditional culture and the English education in order to I am contributing the two-way interaction and communication.
The Application and Visual Communication of “Dynamic News” in the Rule of Law Report
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu
Published: August 2023

Rule of law reporting type “Dynamic News” not only can restore the news image and present the news state of affairs through 3D animation, but also achieve the purpose of focusing on the hot cases and explaining the judicial procedures with the ease of data visualization communication, and strive to bridge the cognitive gap between the general audience and professional legal knowledge by implanting dynamic charts and short videos in the news text, which enhances the effect of spreading legal information. As a new genre of legal news, rule of law reporting “Dynamic News” integrates journalism, law, new media technology and application, and has its own unique reporting method, application concept and communication paradigm. Nowadays, with the continuous improvement of national rule of law construction and the attention of new media communication, the systematicness of legal news communication research needs to be deepened, and the professionalism, technicality and social functionality of rule of law reporting “Dynamic News” still need to be improved.
The Empirical Study on the Information Retrieval Behavior of College Students based on the Theory of Reasoned Action
Authors: Ye Lei , Tu Ziyu , Ren Yuting
Published: August 2023

Exploring the information retrieval ability of college students will increase their initiative in information retrieval, improve their ability to review, evaluate, analyze and use information, and improve the information quality of college students. According to the theory of reasoned action, this paper discusses the four aspects of information demand, information perception, information application ability and information evaluation to construct a model of college students' information retrieval ability, and uses structural equations to detect it. The results show that information perception and evaluation have positive effects on undergraduate information retrieval intention, information retrieval intention has a positive effect on information retrieval ability, and information demand and application ability have no obvious effect on information retrieval intention.
Construction of Curriculum Ideological and Political Model Curriculum based on the Background of Engineering Education Certification
Authors: Yang Junyan , Liu Haibo , You Shihui , Gu Jianguo
Published: August 2023

The professional certification of engineering education is an important educational quality assurance system recognized internationally in the field of engineering education at present. The ideological and political construction of curriculum can cultivate students' craftsman spirit of great country for excellence. Engineering materials and machinery manufacturing is based on the process equipment and control engineering, mechanical engineering, an important professional course, in this paper, combining with the characteristics of curriculum and syllabus, fully excavate ideological elements of curriculum knowledge and build "people-oriented" of "s ix integration” ideological system, implements the concept of engineering education accreditation with course education accurately. This course can stimulate students' patriotism enthusiasm, cultivate students' practical ability and grasp the law of development of things.
Innovation in the Three-Step Training pattern in Electronic Information Majors from the Perspective of the “Reform of Teachers, Teaching materials, and Teaching Methods”
Authors: Huang Chunping , Sun Jing
Published: August 2023

” The Reform of Teachers, Teaching materials, and Teaching methods” is a key approach to solve the problems of insufficient educational capacity and unsustainable development of major group resources. It provides strong technical and talent support for the upgradation of local major industries and high-quality economic development. It has become the mission of polytechnic colleges in the times. Zhongshan Polytechnic focuses on technology integration and application innovation of service enterprises, especially small and medium-sized micro enterprises. Centering on "independent learning, collaborative learning, and situational learning", it innovates the school enterprise cooperation mode, creates three major industry education integration support platforms of "innovation and cultivation center, studio, and research institute", and explores and constructs “three major categories of curriculum systems” driven by R&D innovative products that support the cultivation of three core professional abilities for talents in the electronic information industry. A competency oriented technical and skilled talent cultivation system has been established, forming a talent cultivation model of "integration of industry and education in three-step progression".
Analysis of the Function of Nurturing People in the Management of University Ideological and Political Education
Authors: Su Zhuo
Published: August 2023

Ideological and political education and management in colleges and universities play a very important role in cultivating students' correct ideology and sound personality quality. To strengthen the management and education of college students, we must accurately grasp the main content of management and education, adhere to "people-oriented", highlight the main position of students, improve the construction of system, improve the quality of management personnel, and build a long-term mechanism of management and education of college students.
New Media Events Crown the Public: The Example of Douyin's Rebroadcast of the 2022 Qatar World Cup
Authors: Lin Tong
Published: August 2023

In the era of web3.0, bottom-up and decentralized communication has received more attention. As a digital content entity with both the professional editorial authority of a media outlet and the unique openness of a user-oriented platform, the user base of Platisher is expanding year by year. In the development process of Platisher, Media Event Theory(MET) found by Dayan and Katz has been given new meanings and functions. Based on MET, this article takes the 2022 Qatar World Cup as a typical New Media Event (NME) to explore the new characteristics of NME in Platisher, and discuss how Platisher represented by Douyin uses NME to empower the public and promote social equality.
The Correlation between Interpersonal Harmony and Employee Voice Behavior: The Mediating Role of Employee Well-being
Authors: Kong Fankang , Zhang Qingxuan
Published: August 2023

As an important organizational citizenship behavior, voice has attracted the attention of many organizational management scholars. Based on the survey data of 375 employees, this paper studies the influence of interpersonal harmony on employees’ voice behavior and the mediating effect of hedonic well-being and eudaimonic well-being. The results show that interpersonal harmony has a significant positive impact on employee voice behavior; hedonic well-being plays a mediating effect between interpersonal harmony and employee voice behavior; eudaimonic well-being plays a mediating effect between interpersonal harmony and employee voice behavior. The results of this study have certain reference value for improving employee voice behavior.
“Blossoming” Under a Glass: Interpreting the Sensory Depiction of Elizabeth Bishop’s “Poetic Map” from the Humanist-geographical Perspective
Authors: Lin Jingjing
Published: August 2023

Elizabeth Bishop (1911-1979) is arguably one of the most outstanding American poets in the 20th century, with a fetish about maps and landscapes as her as poetica. In her literary mapping of the poetic landscapes, a clever operation of human sensorium is notable. To examine the specific roles senses, play in the construction of Bishop’s “poetic map”, this article analyzes the depiction of three couples of senses—sight and hearing, movement and touch, smell and taste—in six of Elizabeth Bishop’s representative poems under the framework of Yi-fu Tuan’s humanist geography. By interpreting in the three main sections the metaphorical relationships between maps and different senses, it penetrates into the natural, spatial, and humanistic attributes of Bishop’s “poetic map”, and finds out that while feeling about geographic scenery with her outer senses, Bishop contemplates in her inner sensation in a humanistic way, and keeps questioning human being’s meaning in the environment. Based on these analyses, this paper adds a sensory perspective into the spatial/geographical study on Elizabeth Bishop, and tries to respond to the topic of man-environment relationship in the nature writing in contemporary literature.
Research on Healing Furniture Design under the Background of Big Data
Authors: Gao Qiyu
Published: August 2023

From the background of healing furniture, the concept of healing furniture, its current status and its own characteristics, the design ideas and methods of designing healing furniture for children with depression are analysed. From the concept of big data, the impact of big data on three different aspects of healing furniture design is investigated. Based on the behavioural and sensory aspects of depressed children, the healing design needs of depressed children for furniture design are presented, and a concrete case study is used to demonstrate the design of furniture for depressed children based on the concept of healing design. The design approach of behavioural intervention, sensory soothing and emotional empathy is proposed to meet the psychological healing needs of depressed children. The introduction of healing interactive design into the design of furniture for depressed children not only allows for timely analysis of the psychological changes in depressed children, but also promotes the ability of depressed children to perceive externally and makes healing furniture more innovative.
Ethnic and Religious Conflicts in India: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Baxter Arlen
Published: August 2023

This scholarly article delves into the multifaceted nature of ethnic and religious conflicts in India, a country renowned for its diverse cultural and social tapestry. The paper explores the historical, socio-political, and economic factors that contribute to these conflicts, while also examining the implications for national stability and unity. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the study analyzes various instances of conflicts, their root causes, and potential strategies for resolution. By shedding light on the complexities of these conflicts, this article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the challenges India faces in maintaining communal harmony and forging a path towards a more inclusive future.
The Influence of Ancient Greece: A Historical and Cultural Analysis
Authors: Dane Carter
Published: August 2023

This scholarly article delves into the profound impact of Ancient Greece on the development of Western civilization. The article explores various aspects of Ancient Greek society, including philosophy, politics, arts, and architecture, and highlights their lasting contributions that continue to shape modern thought and culture. By analyzing key historical events, prominent figures, and significant cultural achievements, this paper seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the enduring legacy of Ancient Greece.
Pelatihan Bahasa Inggris untuk Pemula dengan Menggunakan Game pada TPA AL Hakim Palembang
Authors: Permana Dio Resta
Published: August 2023

Dalam upaya meningkatkan motivasi dan rasa percaya diri anak-anak dalam berbahasa Inggris, strategi belajar menggunakan Game  ini dapat membantu anak-anak dalam belajar berbicara bahasa Inggris dengan mudah. Tujuan utama dari kegiatan pelatihan ini adalah untuk membantu anak-anak agar termotivasi untuk belajar bahasa Inggris dengan cara yang sederhana namun efektif. Pelatihan dilaksanakan sebanyak 8 pertemuan dan terdapat 10 orang sample dalam kegiatan ini. Pengunaan Test menjadi instrumen utama dalam mengukur tingkat keberhasilan dari kegiatan ini. Adapun komponen test yang diukur adalah cara pengucapan yang benar, artikulasi yang baik dan intonasi yang tepat. Hasil menunjukan bahwa penggunaan media Game dalam belajar bahasa Inggris menunjukan peningkatan angka yang signifikan dan peserta kegiatan mampu berbicara dan menggunakan bahasa Inggris dengan baik dan benar.
Table of Content: Strengthening Health Education Professionals Workforce In Zambia
Authors: SHEPIZ MJZ Special Issue
Published: August 2023

MJZ Special Issue - SHEPIZ
Strengthening Health Education Professionals Workforce In Zambia Symposium
Authors: SHEPIZ MJZ Special Issue
Published: August 2023

MJZ Special Issue - SHEPIZ
Diagnosis of Hunter Syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II) in a Resource­ Limited Setting: A Case Report from Zambia
Authors: Nchimba Lweendo , Mpabalwani Evans Mwila , Inambao Muleya , Kawatu Nfwama
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Hunter syndrome is one of the Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), type II. It is a rare genetic disorder due to a deficiency in the enzyme Iduronate 2-sulphatase. This deficiency leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate. The GAGs accumulate both intracellularly and extracellularly, leading to abnormalities in different organ systems in the body. The definitive diagnosis of Hunter syndrome requires biochemical methods which can be a challenge in resource-limited settings, Zambia included.  Presented here is a case of Hunter Syndrome in a 12-year-old male child and highlight clinical acumen as the main ingredient in making the diagnosis and distinguishing different types.
Recurrent Giant Cell-Rich Osteosarcoma of the Jaw- a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Maate Fred , Muhimba Zoran , Nteeni Mutinta , Mumba Chibamba , Kapeshi Christopher
Published: August 2023

Giant cell-rich osteosarcoma of the jaw (JGCRO) is very rare but it is diagnostically important because of its poor prognosis compared to other variants of osteosarcoma. We report a rare case of recurrent JGCRO initially diagnosed as an ossifying fibroma. The clinical presentation, radiologic and histologic features and the intermediate outcome of treatment of the case are highlighted.
Molluscum Contagiosum - A Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Malumani Malan
Published: August 2023

The emergence of the Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put a massive strain on the already limping healthcare system in most developing or Lower Middle-Income countries.

Other infectious agents like Molluscum Contagiosum (MC) still ravage our communities. We discuss some challenges and old important pearls of its management.
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation-Two case reports and diagnosis challenges in a resource limited setting
Authors: Inambao Muleya , Mwanza Susanna , Nchimba Lweendo , Chungu Chalilwe , Nchengamwa Jonathan , Kabamba Desire Jean , Mpabalwani Evans
Published: August 2023

Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) is a rare abnormality of pulmonary airway malformation and may remain undiagnosed until it is discovered as an incidental finding later in life. Reported here are two cases of CPAM, a seven-month-old infant and a two-year-old toddler. A seven-month-old ex-premature male infant presented with recurrent pneumonia and failure to thrive. He had an unresolving consolidation on chest radiograph and was eventually treated as pulmonary tuberculosis with no response. Computerised tomography scan (CT-scan) chest revealed bilateral CPAM of lungs. A 2-year-old female toddler presented to the University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, as a referral from a second level hospital with a long-standing history of recurrent symptoms and signs of pneumonia with failure to thrive. She was commenced on antituberculous treatment with no improvement. A CT-scan of the chest revealed bilateral CPAM of lungs. These two cases highlight clinical, diagnostic and treatment challenges in children with CPAM in a resource limited setting like Zambia.
Addressing access to sexual and reproductive healthcare for women during the COVID-19 pandemic in low-resourced settings
Authors: V Mwakanyadzeni Abigail
Published: August 2023

The delivery and utilization of reproductive health care services has suffered a major setback due to the COVID-19 pandemic and low and middle income countries have been disproportionately affected. This commentary discusses how the provision of reproductive health services has been impacted on by the COVID-19 pandemic and proffers possible recommendations on how to address this growing burden.
Assessment of extended – spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) gene among gram-negative bacilli bacteria causing community acquired urinary tract infection among females in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ajani Tinuade Adesola , Elikwu Charles John , Ajani Mustapha Akanji , Anaedobe Chinenye Gloria , OlusesanOluwasola Timothy A.
Published: August 2023

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) is commoner in females and mainly caused by Gram Negative bacilli. The emergence of Extended – spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) has made its treatment difficult especially in the community because of limited therapeutic options. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Gram negative bacilli causing UTI among females in Babcock University Community; evaluate the associated risk factors and to determine the prevalence of the associated genes among the ESBL isolates.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of which 200 female participants with clinical UTI were recruited in Babcock University Community. Pretested interviewer–based structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic and risk factors. Mid-stream urine was also collected for evaluation of ESBL- producing Gram-negative bacilli.  DNA extraction was done for ESBL positive isolates and SHV, TEM, CTX-M and OXA ESBL genes were detected by PCR. SPSS Version 23.0 was used for data analysis.

Results: The 200-urine samples tested from the participants yielded 33-Gram negative bacilli isolates. Out of these 33 isolates, 17/33(51.5%) were ESBL-producers giving prevalence rate of 8.5% among the participants. The distribution of the ESBL genes among the ESBL isolates was as follows: SHV 12/17(70.6%), TEM 4/17(23.5%), CTX-M 3/17(17.6%) and OXA 5/17(29.4%). No associated risk factors were found.

Conclusion: All the four types of ESBL genes evaluated were present among the participants. Routine screening for ESBL for Community acquired UTI is necessary to curb treatment failure.
Characteristics of pregnant women who seroconvert after an initial negative Human Immunodeficiency Virus test result at antenatal booking at selected hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia.
Authors: Nyirenda Muyereka , Kasonka Lackson , Vwalika Bellington
Published: August 2023

Objectives:  To examine the role of demographic, socio-economic, health and reproductive characteristics of pregnant women and study the impact of their utilization of health services in relation to seroconversion after an initial negative HIV test result in women attending ANC at selected hospitals in Lusaka.

Methods: This was a case control study conducted at the Women and Newborn Hospital and selected level 1 hospitals in Lusaka district between July 2018 and June 2019. Convenience sampling was used. Interviews were conducted using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire involving 47 women who seroconverted (as cases) and 140 women who did not seroconvert (as controls).

Results: The study found that monthly income, age at sexual debut, number of sexual partners in a lifetime, children with the same father, partners who did not test for HIV before ANC booking, partner perceived to be faithful, frequent travel in partner and less than four ANC visits were associated with HIV seroconversion. However, when these factors where adjusted in multivariate logistic regression for confounders, women who had sexual debut before the age of 16 years were seven times more likely to seroconvert (AOR=6.67, 95%CI=1.103-39.805, P=0.039), those whose partners tested for HIV before ANC booking were 72 percent less likely to seroconvert  (AOR=0.278, 95%CI=0.089-0.865, P=0.027), those who partners travelled out of town frequently were three times more likely to seroconvert (AOR=3.250, 95%CI=1.063-9.935, P=0.039) and those who attended less than four ANC visits were three times more likely to seroconvert (AOR=3.378, 95%CI=1.018-11.210, P=0.047).  

Conclusion: Pregnant women are at risk of seroconverting during pregnancy leading to MTCT of HIV. It is therefore imperative that HCT be strengthened during ANC and labour. Targeting adolescents with sexual and reproductive health education before they start engaging in sexual activities is key to keeping them HIV negative. Pre-exposure prophylaxis should be provided to pregnant women whose partners decline HCT or are HIV positive. Frequent travellers should be educated to practice safer sex. Lastly, there is need to implement the WHO 2016 ANC recommendation of at least 8 contacts during pregnancy.
Intermittent Testicular Torsion in an African Adult Patient: Sonographic Doppler findings of an uncommon and challenging diagnosis
Authors: Chinen Bornface , Mutandiro Lavin , Murambasvina Damian
Published: August 2023

Testicular torsion is a well known urological emergency most common in the paediatric population. However, testicular torsion can be complete, partial or intermittent. Intermittent testicular torsion is rare in adults and difficult to diagnose. We present a rare case on intermittent testicular torsion in a 35 year old man that was initially misdiagnosed but was later diagnosed by Spectral Doppler ultrasound.
Medical Imaging of Pentalogy of Cantrell: A Case Report from Zambia
Authors: Bwalya Mubanga , Chikasa Ndanji Ivy , Bwanga Osward , Makukula Ziche , Chanda Ngosa , Chanda Ernest , Chitamya Kelvin
Published: August 2023

Medical imaging plays a significant role in the detection of foetal anomalies, such as the Pentalogy of Cantrell (POC). POC is a congenital anomaly involving five or fewer body malformations: ectopia cordis (EC), tetralogy of fallot (TOF), sternal defects, diaphragmatic defects, and abdominal wall defects. The commonly used imaging modality in the detection of POC during pregnancy is ultrasound because it uses non-ionising radiation, is cheap, and is available in most medical facilities. We report a rare case of POC from a medical imaging standpoint in Zambia. Two obstetric ultrasound scans were performed in the 3rd trimester. The initial scan revealed, among other things, unappreciated abdominal contents, while the second scan revealed a foetal heart sited partially external to the thoracic cavity, with external herniation of the liver and bowels. Our case was classified as incomplete POC because not all five main malformations were present. This case report highlights the importance of having well-organised obstetric ultrasound imaging services both in urban and rural parts of the country to improve antenatal care.
Anogenital Condyloma Acuminata In A Toddler: The Dilemma Of Sexual Abuse Versus Non-Abuse.
Authors: Malumani Malan , Ngalamika Owen
Published: August 2023

Condyloma acuminata, commonly known as genital warts, is a sexually transmitted infection. We have been seeing a surge in the paediatric population with no discernable thought of sexual abuse. this scenario begs for answers. HPV infection is a real burden in the Lower Middle-Income Countries, requiring the urgent attention it deserves. Soon or later we may be seeing HPV associated malignancies at a much younger age due to the double burden of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. A molecular epidemiological study on our patients or community is warranted.