bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Functionalisation of Low-Dispersion Carbon Black of the OMCARB Series by Hydrogen Peroxide on the Properties of Filled Composites
Authors: Moiseevskaya G.V. , Razd'yakonova G.I. , Petin A.A.
Published: September 2018

The aim of this work was to produce a new filler for polymers in which a low surface activity is combined with a high degree of structure and functionalisation of the surface, which will bring the processing properties of filled rubber mixes closer to the properties of rubber mixes with channel carbon black. The oxidation of specimens of low-dispersion, highly structured carbon black of grade OMCARB S820 was carried out using aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide of different concentration. Using a combination of methods, including X-ray diffraction analysis (D8 Advance diffractometer; Bruker, Germany) and transmission electron microscopy (JEM 2100 electron microscope; JEOL, Japan), we assessed the physicochemical properties and the form and the number of oxygen-containing groups (carboxyl, phenolic, lactone) on the surface of a particle of oxidised S820 in comparison with carbon black K354 (produced by the Khazar Chemical Plant, Turkmenistan) and semi-active furnace black N550 (produced by Omsktekhuglerod). The rheological characteristics (MDR 3000 vibrorheometer and MV 3000 viscometer; MonTech, Germany) and the physicomechanical characteristics (tensometer; Shimadzu, Japan) of rubber mixes filled with these blacks and of rubber compounds based on natural rubber were determined. The dynamic properties of the rubber compounds and the glass transition temperatures were determined on a DMA 242D instrument (Netzsch, Germany). Comparative data on the temperature dependence of the mechanical loss tangent (tg δ)of the rubber compounds showed that at temperatures of −60 and +60°C the greatest differences are possessed by rubber compounds with K354. At intermediate temperatures, the tg δ values for rubber compounds with the different fillers are similar. The new carbon black was advantageous with respect to the strength properties and dynamic characteristics of the rubber compounds, retaining the unique properties of composites filled with channel black.
New Antiozonants for Rubber Compounds Based on Oxyalkylated Derivatives of 4-Aminodiphenylamine
Authors: Ushmarin N.F. , Kavun S.M.
Published: September 2018

This paper sets out the properties and the results of the testing of new antiozonants 2PPD and 3PPD in place of standard and imported 6PPD and IPPD which are used in the production of mechanical rubber goods and tyres (in the sidewall, tread, and other elements). The proposed method for producing the new antiozonants makes it possible to organise their industrial production by low-cost technology, in contrast to 6PPD and IPPD production technology. The raw materials for the new antiozonants include ethylene and propylene glycols, available in Russia, and 4-aminodiphenylamine, imported for the production in Russia of antioxidant S789, which is widely used in the production of large-tonnage rubbers, in particular synthetic isoprene rubber SKI-3, over 70% of the volume of which is exported. A number of advantages of 3PPD over imported stabilisers have been established. These include a greater effectiveness in protecting rubber compounds against thermal oxidation and ozone cracking by comparison with the stabilisers it is replacing. The shortcomings of the new antiozonant (in terms of the form in which it is produced and in terms of its influence on the vulcanisation kinetics) are considered, and various ways to overcome these shortcomings are presented.
The Effect of Molecular Complexes of Lactam-Containing and Proton-Donor Substances on the Adhesion Properties of Adhesive Composites
Authors: Puchkov A.F. , Tret'yakova N.A. , Khodakova S.Ya. , Abol'skaya I.I. , Bobrov S.P.
Published: September 2018

The results of investigating the effect of a molecular complex (MC) based on a lactam-containing product and a hydroxyl-containing compound on the adhesion properties of elastomeric adhesives are set out. The MCs comprise binary melts based on triatomic alcohol (TA) and ε-caprolactam. An MC was introduced into an adhesive based on chloroprene rubber in different ratios together with the isocyanate 4,4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The adhesion activity of the MC was assessed from the bond strength between the elements in rubber–cord composites (a rubber compound based on BNKS-40AMN nitrile butadiene rubber + cord coated with a rubber mix based on general-purpose rubbers according to GOST 6768-75). Comparison of the IR spectra (FSM 1201 IR Fourier spectrometer) of the MC and its individual constituents makes it possible to suggest the presence of hydrogen bonds in the MC. Analysis of NMR spectra (Bruker Avance-400 NMR spectrometer) of the MC showed the absence of new chemical bonds between its components. Theoretically, a binary MC introduced into an adhesive composite together with isocyanate should promote an increase in the bond strength between the substrates through the formation of urethane groups. The results of testing the MC in the composition of adhesives showed that a higher bond strength is possessed by rubber–cord specimens with a ratio of TA and ε-caprolactam of 2:1. The introduction of an MC together with MDI leads to a 25% increase in adhesion strength in the adhesive joint.
Aspects of the Ageing of Elastomeric Materials
Authors: Oßwald K. , Reincke K. , Döhler S. , Heuert U. , Langer B. , Grellmann W.
Published: September 2018

Rising raw materials prices and increasing customer demands for reliability and durability mean that there is huge interest in finding more and more ways of improving the service life of elastomeric products, for economic and environmental reasons, by boosting their resistance under the relevant operating conditions. The material-dependent oxygen absorption capacity and oxygen permeability play an important role in oxidative ageing processes and their modelling. Thus, ageing resistance is substantially dependent on the rate of oxygen diffusion into the bulk of the material in the case of thermo-oxidative attack. To evaluate the resistance of materials to external influences, artificial ageing methods are used in practice. The advantage of these methods is that, as a result of intensifying the test parameters, e.g. temperature and humidity, the ageing processes in the vulcanisate are accelerated. Within the scope of this study, the influence of accelerated ageing on the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of mainly carbon-black-filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanisates was studied in an oxygen atmosphere at elevated temperature and in oxygen with solar radiation. The filler content was varied and the antioxidant IPPD was used. The analyses showed that, as well as mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength, the viscoelastic properties are also affected, depending on the ageing time and the type of ageing. In addition to the investigation of mechanical properties, a direct evaluation of the material change was carried out for selected samples by means of analytical tests. The investigations showed the deterioration of the antioxidant activity.
An Investigation of the Barrier Properties and of the Residual Acetaldehyde in Polyethylene Terephthalate Composites
Authors: Shabaev A.S. , Khashirova S.Yu. , Mikitaev A.K. , Musov I.V. , Slonov A.L.
Published: September 2018

The diffusion cell to a Tsvet-800 chromatograph for determining the gas permeability of polymeric materials has been optimised. The oxygen permeability and the carbon dioxide permeability of polymer composites based on polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate have been studied. The optimum compositions, combining high barrier properties and a low acetaldehyde content, have been found.
The Properties of Weak Solutions of N-Vinylpyrrolidone and Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers in Dimethylformamide
Authors: Nikolaeva O.I. , Usacheva T.S. , Ageeva T.A. , Koifman O.I.
Published: September 2018

The rheology of solutions of N-vinylpyrrolidone and methyl methacrylate copolymers in dimethylformamide in the temperature range 20–35°C was studied. The influence of temperature and of the molecular weight and composition of the copolymers on their interaction with the solvent was shown, expressed quantitatively in terms of intrinsic viscosity, the Huggins constant, and the mean square distance between the ends of the macromolecular chains.
The Flow, with Impregnation, of Chemically Reacting Fluid during the Moulding of Composite Articles
Authors: Baranov A.V.
Published: September 2018

The isothermal filling of a flat mould by a non-Newtonian fluid with simultaneous porous layer impregnation is investigated. The flow in the cavity is described by inertialess Navier–Stokes equations, the flow in the porous layer by Darcy's equation, and the flow in the region adjoining the ‘fluid–porous layer’ boundary by the Brinkman equation. In the course of moulding, processes of gelation or curing of the binder may occur in the fluid. The viscosity is considered to be dependent on the extent to which the chemical reaction takes place.
The Relationship of the Activity of the Filler and the Structure of the Polymer Matrix with the Properties of Composite Fibre Material
Authors: Genis A.V. , Kuznetsov A.V.
Published: September 2018

The influence of the activity of the filler and also structural factors of composite fibre material (CFM) on its physicochemical and physicomechanical properties was studied. The CFM was obtained by introducing sorption-active filler of different particle size into polymer fibre and onto the surface of the fibre in the process of aerodynamic spinning from polymer solution.
An Investigation of the Fireproofing Characteristics of Synthesised Phosphorus-Containing Polymer Fireproofing Agents
Authors: Akhrarov B.B. , Mukhamedgaliev B.A.
Published: September 2018

The feasibility of developing fireproofing compositions based on chemical industry waste is shown. Certain specific ways of using the new fireproofing compositions in practice are indicated.
An Investigation of the Properties of Polymer and Film Materials Based on Polyamidobenzimidazoles
Authors: Khakhinov V.V. , Il'ina O.V.
Published: September 2018

A comparative study of the thermomechanical and strength properties of polymer and film materials based on polybenzimidazoles was carried out. The investigated polymeric materials are more heat resistant, have low flammability, and possess high physicochemical properties, combined with chemical resistance in various corrosive media, by comparison with analogous industrial materials.
The Creation of Biologically Inert Elastomeric Material Based on Thermoplastic Elastomer Blends
Authors: Kulachenkova Z.A. , Bulkina A.K. , Kilin S.A. , Rumyantseva A.V. , Baranets I.V. , Otvalko Zh.A. , Kurlyand S.K.
Published: September 2018

Composites based on polyvinyl acetate, a copolymer of ethylene with a low vinyl acetate content, a divinyl styrene thermoplastic elastomer, and 3,4-isoprene rubber were developed for the production of sample specimens for children's creative play. Wide-ranging tests were carried out; results showed the total compliance of the developed composite materials with RFP and hygiene requirements.
A Study of the Combined use of Carbon Black and Silica in Tyre Tread Formulations
Authors: Mokhnatkin A.M. , Dorozhkin V.P. , Mokhnatkina E.G. , Muradyan V.E. , Zotov L.A. , Salaev M.V. , Minigaliev T.B.
Published: September 2018

A specially designed relaxometer was used to measure the stress relaxation under 30% elongation for tread rubber compounds based on a blend of three rubbers: natural rubber, neodymium butadiene rubber, and oil-extended styrene butadiene rubber. The rubber compounds were filled with carbon black and silica in different ratios: with 80 parts carbon black only, with 80 parts silica only, and with different ratios of carbon black and silica. The method proposed by Bartenev was used to calculate the relaxation specta. The maxima of the spectra at different relaxation times were assigned to different types of interaction: rubber-filler interaction, carbon black-carbon black interaction, silica-silica interaction, carbon black-silica interaction. New maxima were obtained for specimens containing roughly equal amounts of carbon black and silica. These results were compared with data obtained using transmission electron microscopy. The existence of three levels of structure of filled elastomers and the presence of ‘rigid’ rubber around filler particles are suggested.
The Production of Fluorine-Containing Composite Materials Based on Polydieneurethane and Montmorillonite
Authors: Kudashev S.V. , Nistratov A.V. , Arisova V.N. , Danilenko T.I. , Zheltobryukhov V.F.
Published: September 2018

The effect of organomineral complexes of 1,1,3-trihydroperfluoropropanol-1 (modifier) with layered aluminosilicate montmorillonite (LAM) as filler on the structure and properties of fluorine-containing polydieneurethane (FPU) was investigated. The modifier and the LAM were introduced into the FPU at the stage of its production. Using a combination of methods – X-ray diffraction analysis (DRON-3), electron microscopy (Versa 3D DualBeam, USA), and Fourier IR spectroscopy (Nicolet-6700, USA) – we studied features of the layer separation of LAM in the elastomer matrix as a function of the modifier concentration. It was shown that FPU specimens filled with LAM containing 5.0% polyfluorinated alcohol disintegrate better and possess a higher resistance to thermooxidative ageing.
An Elastic Composite to Protect Electrical Wiring and Equipment against Catching Fire
Authors: Zareva A.V. , Matveeva L. Yu. , Grechanovskii V.A. , Ryzhova V.N.
Published: September 2018

The properties of fireproofing sheet to prevent the rapid failure of electrical equipment and its tubular-section elements and also electrical wiring and cables when they catch fire have been studied. We compared the physicomechanical characteristics, the fire resistance, and the adhesion of fireproofing sheet based on chlorinated polyethylene or butyl rubber and containing fireproofing mixtures with different contents of the components: monoammonium phosphate (MAP), pentaerythrite (PER), and melamine (MAM), and also TiO2. The inadequate autohesion of the composite was compensated for by applying an additional thin layer of adhesive on the surface of the sheet. The best combination of properties is possessed by fireproofing sheet containing chorinated polyethylene and a mixture of 50 parts MAP, 20 parts PER, 25 parts MAM, and 5 parts TiO2.
A Quick Method for Assessing the Activity of Shungite Filler in Elastomer Composite Materials
Authors: Komova N.N. , Potapov E.E. , Prut E.V. , Solodilov V.I. , Kovaleva A.N.
Published: September 2018

A quick method for assessing elastomer-to-shungite bond strength is presented. An Instron 3365 tensile testing machine was used to measure the force needed to peel away a cotton strip impregnated with a rubber solution in CCl4 from the surface of shungite sheets. The rubbers included butyl rubber (BR), nitrile butadiene rubber (SKN-18), polyisoprene (SKI-3), a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (CEVA), polychloroprene (PC), chlorosulphonated polyethylene (CSPE), and chlorinated butyl rubber (CBR). The nature of the obtained results depends on elastomer functionality. Smooth curves of the dependence of the measured stress on the distance between the clamps of the tensile testing machine were obtained for elastomers not having functional groups interacting with the shungite, e.g. for BR; on the curves for elastomers interacting with the shungite, e.g. for PC, a series of peaks was observed on the curves. The obtained results make it possible to predict the strength of elastomer composite materials containing shungite.
The Polycondensation Method of Combining the Main Components in the Production of Polymer Matrix Composites Based on Basalt Strands
Authors: Kadykova Yu.A. , Lur'e K.D.
Published: September 2018

Technology has been developed for polycondensation combination of the main components of polymer matrix composites, a special feature of which is the combination of the process of phenol formaldehyde oligomer synthesis with reinforcement of the oligomer with basalt strands. An advantage of the developed technology is the increased strength and physicochemical characteristics of the basalt-filled plastics.
The Radical Copolymerisation of Acrylic Acid and Methoxypolyethylene Glycol Methacrylate in an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kamorin D.M. , Shirshin K.V. , Orekhov D.V. , Sivokhin A.P. , Sadikov A. Yu. , Kazantsev O.A. , Panina E.A.
Published: September 2018

Composition diagrams have been obtained for the homogeneous radical copolymerisation of acrylic acid and methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate (with a degree of oxyethylation of 23) in aqueous solutions. For all initial comonomer ratios, methacrylic ester unit enrichment of copolymers formed at low conversions (less than 10%) was established. Using Mayo–Lewis, Finemann–Ross, and Kelen–Tüdös methods, we determined the relative activities of acrylic acid (0.02–0.07) and methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate (1.14–1.20).
The Effect of Explosive Treatment on the Structure and Thermomechanical Properties of Filled Polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Adamenko N.A. , Agafonova G.V.
Published: September 2018

The effect of explosive treatment with variation in the shock pulse configuration and in the pressure within the shock front on the structure and thermomechanical properties of a composite of polytetrafluoroethylene with 30% polyarylate was investigated.
The Effectiveness of Reducing the Desorption Rate of Plasticiser from Polyvinyl Chloride
Authors: Dedov A.V. , Chernousova N.V.
Published: September 2018

A method is proposed for assessing the effectiveness of modifying polyvinyl chloride in order to reduce the rate of plasticiser extraction. The reduction in the extraction rate depends on the modification conditions. The proposed approach establishes the influence of the modification regimes on the reduction in the extraction rate.
The Influence of Molecular Weight on the Orientation and Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate Sheets
Authors: Simonov-Emel'yanov I.D. , Shirshin K.V. , Motsinov P.V. , Vlasov S.V.
Published: September 2018

The influence of molecular weight on the process of orientation stretching and the combination of physicomechanical characteristics of specimens of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is examined. Orientation stretching and increase in the molecular weight of PMMA from 0.52 to 4.6 × 106 g/mol lead to a considerable increase in strength and elastic modulus (σt by a factor of 2.6, E by a factor of 2.5). It is established that the deformation characteristics of oriented PMMA specimens increase by a factor of 10 when the molecular weight is increased from 0.52 to 4.6 × 106 g/mol, which opens up new possibilities in the processing of sheets and films of PMMA.
An Investigation of the Combustion of Fire-Protected Wooden Materials Modified with Polymer Fireproofing Agents
Authors: Akhrarov B.B. , Allamuratov M.U. , Mukhamedgaliev B.A.
Published: September 2018

Certain questions of the fire protection of wooden structural materials, chipboard, and binding agents are examined. The mechanisms of chemical fire protection and the kinetic laws governing the process of thermal breakdown of modified specimens are clarified. On the basis of using the latest fire test methods, the combustion and thermal degradation regimes of wooden materials have been established. The advantages of polymeric fireproofing agents over low-molecular weight analogues are shown.
The Barrier Properties of Carbon-Chain and Heterochain Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
Authors: Ermilova A.I. , Ushakova O.B. , Kalugina E.V.
Published: September 2018

A comparative assessment of the gas barrier properties of polymeric materials of different chemical structure and of composites with organomodified montmorillonite based on polyamide-6 is carried out, with the aim of using them as a barrier layer for polymer hot water pipes.
The Selection of the Polymer Matrix Materials to Create a Composite Based on Thermoplastic Elastomer Blends with Prescribed Plastoelastic Properties
Authors: Rumyantseva A.V. , Kulachenkova Z.A. , Bulkina A.K. , Kilin S.A. , Nadervel’ T.A. , Otvalko Zh.A. , Kurlyand S.K.
Published: September 2018

An algorithm for selecting the polymer matrix materials for a composite with a non-standard set of plastoelastic properties is considered.
The Effect of Treating Semiproducts of Polymeric Materials with Surfactants on the Quality of their Machining
Authors: Erenkov O. Yu.
Published: September 2018

The results of experimental investigations of surface quality after the lathe machining of polymeric materials subjected to preliminary treatment with surface-active substances are presented. It has been demonstrated in experiments that the preliminary treatment of semiproducts with surfactants ensures an improvement in quality of the surface machined by turning. This is indicated by a reduction in the roughness parameters by a factor of 2–4.5, and here the minimum roughness is achieved at a depth of cut equal to 1.0–1.15 of the depth of penetration of the surfactant into the material.
The Development of Methods for Forming Effective Structural Phase States in Polytetrafuoroethylene-Based Polymer Composites
Authors: Mashkov Yu. K. , Kalistratova L.F. , Kropotin O.V.
Published: September 2018

Methods have been drawn up for the forming of effective structural phase states in polytetrafuoroethylene-based multicomponent systems by mechanical, thermal, and other types of high-energy treatment, based on an analysis and extension of the results of multiplan experimental investigations.
Calculation of the Process of Preliminary Mechanical Stretching during Heat Forming
Authors: Sheryshev M.A. , Kalinina N.K. , Aristov V.M.
Published: September 2018

The stresses and strains in the material of a semiproduct during its preliminary stretching are analysed. Experimental data concerning the shape and thickness variation of an axisymmetric deformed sheet are discussed. A differential equation of the generatrix of the deformed semiproduct is proposed.
The Effect of Rheological Additives on the Flow of Polysulphone Melts
Authors: Baranov A.B. , Simonov-Emel'yanov I.D. , Surikov P.V.
Published: September 2018

The rheological characteristics of a melt of home-produced polysulphone of grade PSF-190 with processing additives of different nature – silsesquioxane, fluorine-containing, and polymethylsiloxane additives – were investigated. The flow curves of PSF-190 with additives in different quantities in a wide range of temperatures, shear velocities, and shear stresses were obtained. It was shown that the functional properties of the additives depend considerably on their thermodynamic compatibility with PSF-190 at high temperatures (290–320°C), their solubility, and their content. It was established that the introduction of 2.5 wt% silsesquioxane additive lowers the viscosity of PSF-190 most effectively (by a factor of 2.5).
A Study of the Influence of Environmental Factors on the Properties of Polymer Composites Based on Polylactic Acid
Authors: Mishkin S.I. , Tikhonov N.N. , Evdokimov A.A.
Published: September 2018

The aim of the present work was to optimise the content of large-tonnage polymer and modifiers in polylactic acid so that the material does not lose its capacity to decompose when exposed to environmental factors (ultraviolet radiation, moisture, soil microorganisms).
New Polymer Stabilisers for Soils and Subsoils and an Investigation of their Properties
Authors: Allamuratov M.U. , Mukhamedgaliev B.A.
Published: September 2018

Certain possibilities of synthesising new water-soluble polymers based on chemical industry waste and local raw materials are considered. By using the latest methods of analysis, the composition, structure, and formation of the polymers are identified, and the possibilities of using the developed polymers to stabilise soils and subsoils and sands of the Aral Sea coastal region are shown.
Hard-Soft Composites Made of LSR and Polycarbonates Activated with UV Light
Authors: Giesen R.-U. , Hartung M. , Rüppel A. , Heim H.-P.
Published: September 2018

Multi-component injection moulding of liquid silicone rubbers (LSRs) in combination with thermoplastics is becoming increasingly important in plastics processing. This is also increasing the need to combine previously incompatible materials economically. This article shows how materials available on the market can be quickly combined in an injection-moulding process using a relatively simple pretreatment method – UV irradiation. In addition, this article discusses how long the activity of the pretreatment method persists and what effect this has on the adhesive bond. Finally, it is shown how partial adhesion of LSR to polycarbonates can be achieved.
Structural Control and Property Development of Silicone Polymers
Authors: Uehara Hiroki , Yamanobe Takeshi , Akiyama Eiichi
Published: September 2018

Typical silicones, including poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), are amorphous, but poly(tetramethyl-p-silphenylene-siloxane) (PTMPS) containing phenyl rings in the main chain is crystalline. A combination of in-situ X-ray and NMR measurements during heating of PTMPS indicates that the molecular motion of the phenyl rings exhibits remarkable anisotropy even in the molten state, suggesting rigidity of the PTMPS molecules. Therefore, a melt-drawing technique could be successfully applied to PTMPS. The obtained melt-drawn PTMPS membrane is transparent but exhibits an excellent tensile modulus and strength of 1.7 GPa and 20 MPa, which are enough for various industrial applications. Similar introduction of phenyl rings in the main chain is also effective for property development of silicone elastomer. Blend films of PTMPS and silicone elastomer exhibits the characteristic phase separation, depending on the blending compositions. Such blend films give the remarkably higher tensile strength than the original silicone elastomer, due to the crystalline component.
An Alternative Technology for the Manufacture of Rubber Articles from Motor Vehicle Tyre Recycling Products
Authors: Kablov V.F. , Perfil'ev A.V. , Shabanova V.P. , Perfil'ev A.A.
Published: September 2018

The prospects of using powder technology to manufacture rubber articles and the features of different variants of powder technology using powder and block rubbers are considered. Examples of the practical use of powder technology at enterprises of the rubber industry are given. Powder press technology for the manufacture of rubber articles from rubber crumbs obtained by recycling used tyres is presented. Variants for the activation of composites to be pressed are examined. It is shown that the use of microwave radiation to activate rubber crumbs directly before the manufacture of articles from them makes it possible to produce products with improved properties. The strength of vulcanisates obtained from rubber crumbs activated by microwave radiation is 30% higher owing to the fact that, in the case of microwave heating, the rubber crumbs are heated evenly throughout the article and there is a considerable reduction in the vulcanisation time. Powder press technology is recommended for the manufacture of various moulded rubber articles at small enterprises not possessing standard rubber mixers.
The Influence of Relaxation Effects on the Physical Properties of Polymeric Materials
Authors: Aristov V.M. , Aristova E.P.
Published: September 2018

The nature of the physical properties of polymeric materials is considered. Data on relaxation processes in high-molecular-weight compounds are given. The dependence of mechanical losses on the structure of polymer systems is shown. The modification of polymers as manifested by a change in their relaxation properties is investigated.
The Influence of the Composition of the Cocatalyst on the Activity of the Catalytic System in the Process of Metathesis Polymerisation of Dicyclopentadiene
Authors: Sharifullin I.G. , Akhmetov I.G. , Kubanov K.M. , Sofronova O.V. , Novikova A.S.
Published: September 2018

The results of choosing the optimum cocatalyst components for a catalytic system intended for the synthesis of polydicyclopentadiene by ring-opening metathesis polymerisation are presented.
An Acrylic Polymer Composite with the Inclusion of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Baganova E.S. , Davydova O.A. , Buzaeva M.V. , Klimov E.S. , Fomin A.N. , Svetukhin V.V. , Nishchev K.N. , Pynenkov A.A.
Published: September 2018

Polymer composites including modified multiwall carbon nanotubes were obtained by the block polymerisation of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. The heat stability and microhardness of the materials were studied. A composite doped with nanotubes is more stable after annealing and hydrochloric acid treatment.
A Complex Assessment of the Properties of Polyamide-6 Modified with Industrial Grades of Oxidised Graphite
Authors: Leonov D.V. , Ustinova T.P. , Levkina N.L.
Published: September 2018

On the basis of a complex assessment of the physicomechanical and processing properties of polyamide-6 modified at the synthesis stage with oxidised graphite of industrial grades, we demonstrate the expediency of choosing oxidised graphite of grade EG 250–80 for the production of graphite-modified polyamide-6 of technical engineering designation with increased thermal conductivity.
A Study of the Interphase Phenomena at the Fibre–Binder Boundary in Imido Organic Plastics
Authors: Kramarev D.V. , Osipchik V.S. , Chalaya N.M. , Berezina A.B. , Kolesnikov A.V.
Published: September 2018

The effect of modifying additives on the characteristics of polyimide binders was investigated, and the mechanisms of interaction between fibre and binder were studied.
A Study of the Effect of Maleic Anhydride on the Synthesis, Morphology, and Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Plastic
Authors: Trifonova O.M. , Panova Yu.A. , Akhmetov I.G.
Published: September 2018

The results of investigating the synthesis of ABS plastic in the presence of maleic anhydride are set out. It was shown that increase in the modifier content in the range 0.5–1.75 wt% leads to a reduction in the melt flow index and gel-fraction swelling index and to an increase in the glass transition temperature of the polymer.
Assessment of the Fluctuations in the Microstructural Parameters of Cellulose in Wood in an Inhomogeneous Temperature Field
Authors: Matveev N.N. , Kamalova N.S. , Evsikova N.Yu. , Chernykh A.S.
Published: September 2018

The possibility of assessing the average crystallite size of cellulose in wood by formalised modelling from the magnitude of the potential difference arising in the wood specimen owing to polarisation in a non-homogeneous temperature field is considered.
The Development of a Functional Additive Based on a Nanosized Filler of Natural Origin for the Production of thin Multilayer Heat-Shrink Films
Authors: Ivannikova A.V. , Danilova-Volkovskaya G.M. , Ligidov M.Kh.
Published: September 2018

This paper sets out the results of developing a functional additive based on low-density polyethylene and a copolymer of ethylene with butene, hexene, and propylene to modify the properties of flexible polymer packing by mean of the controlled effect of a concentrate of nanosized filler introduced during polymer processing with the aim of replacing imported filler concentrates.
The Influence of Factors of a Biological and Physical Nature on the Biodegradation and Physicochemical Properties of Composites Based on Polyvinyl Chloride and Natural Polymers
Authors: Smirnov V.F. , Glagoleva A.A. , Mochalova A.E. , Smirnova L.A. , Anikina N.A.
Published: September 2018

It has been established that the degree of biodegradation of composites based on polyvinyl chloride and natural polymers by microscopic fungi changes as a function of the chitosan and starch content in the composites. Biodegradation of polymeric material is accompanied with change in its physicochemical properties. A number of physical factors result in an increase in the degree of biodegradation of the materials investigated.
Tubular vesicopyelostomy for the management of types 2 and 3 (long-segment) ureteric stenosis after kidney transplantation
Authors: Uslu Adam , Cayhan Veli Kursat , Simsek Cenk , Aykas Ahmet , Karatas Murat , Tarcan Ismail Can , Okut Gokalp , Tatar Erhan
Published: September 2018

Late ureteral stenosis following kidney transplantation needs immediate correction in order to protect allograft function and requires a complicated surgical procedure. In this study, we present the long-term results of tubular bladder reconfiguration and cystopyelostomy (tubular vesicopyelostomy), an innovative and practical procedure for the management of long-segment ureteric stenosis (types 2 and 3) after transplantation. Between 2002 and 2017, 722 kidney transplant patients were monitored at the University of Medical Sciences, Bozyaka Organ Transplantation and Research Center. Twenty-eight of these patients underwent tubular vesicopyelostomy operation; 17 male and 11 female patients with a mean age of 45.6 ± 10.5 years. Time to surgical intervention for urinary tract obstruction was 122.5 ± 114.7 months. The mean serum creatinine values previous to and 3 days following the tubular vesicopyelostomy operation were 3.46 ± 1.5 mg/dL and 1.75 ± 0.7 mg/dL, respectively (p < 0.0001). Within a mean follow-up period of 55.1 ± 40.9 months, functional grafts were recorded in 22 patients with a mean serum creatinine value of 1.92 ± 0.8 mg/dL. Only one patient developed anastomotic stenosis after the tubular vesicopyelostomy procedure, giving an overall success rate for tubular vesicopyelostomy of 96.4%. Six patients returned to hemodialysis. In five, the underlying etiology was not related to recurrent obstruction or surgical complications. Sixteen patients underwent allograft biopsy after the operation, but features of tubulointerstitial nephritis were seen in only one. Tubular vesicopyelostomy operation is a safe and successful method for the surgical treatment of late and complicated ureteral obstructions with excellent long-term results. It may be a good, practical alternative to other more sophisticated surgical options.
Applying Social Exchange Theory to Police Deviance: Exploring Self-Protective Behaviors Among Police Officers
Authors: Helfers Richard C. , Reynolds Paul D. , Maskály Jon
Published: September 2018

Social exchange theory is one of the prominent paradigms used to explain the processes linking organizational treatment of employees to their job performance. However, the theoretical link between perceived organizational treatment and police deviance has not been fully explored. This research addresses this gap by analyzing the relationship between perceptions of organizational justice and the use of police self-protective behaviors (SPBs) using organizational support and organizational indifference as ad hoc indicators of the social exchange process. Data were collected using an online self-report survey distributed to police officers in a southern state who are members of a police officer association ( n = 1,861). Consistent with previous social exchange research, the findings generally support the idea that fairness is related to SPBs, but largely to the extent that it enhances the social exchange in terms of increasing perceptions of organizational support and reducing perceptions of organizational indifference, which both directly affect an officer’s use of SPBs, and are a type of police deviance. Specific findings, relevant policy implications, and directions for future research are discussed.
Claiming Space: Implications of Girls’ Access to Space in a Haitian Residential Care Facility
Authors: Vinciguerra Rachel
Published: September 2018

The following study qualitatively explores how teen girls’ access to space and assets at a Haitian residential care facility changed 2 years after the implementation of a girls’ empowerment program called Fi Ki Fò (“strong girl” in Haitian Creole). Based on focus groups conducted with program participants ( n = 17) and program teachers ( n = 6), the study found that the Fi Ki Fò program increased access to physical spaces which has had implications for teenage girls’ individual and collective asset accumulation. The study also revealed that the addition of a program focused on women and girls, implemented later in the institutional life of the care facility, caused tensions with boys living on the property. The findings suggest that, while girls experienced clear benefits from the program, the lack of a supportive institutional structure and a gender transformative approach inhibited more fully realized empowerment.
Sociocultural Aspects of Femicide-Suicide: The Case of Israel
Authors: Dayan Hava
Published: September 2018

Among persons who commit murder a certain percentage also commits suicide soon after, a phenomenon known as homicide-suicide. Previous studies indicate that femicide-suicide (female intimate partner homicide-suicides) accounts for the vast majority of homicide-suicide occurrences. Although the femicide-suicide phenomenon cuts across regions and societies, there is a dearth of studies of femicide-suicide patterns, motives, and characteristics among non-Western populations. A review of the few available findings about femicide-suicide in non-Western societies highlights the need for further study and corroboration of the distribution and characteristics of femicide-suicide in non-Western societies. The unique manifestations of the phenomenon among immigrant, ethnic, and social minority groups are of great relevance to Western societies currently facing the challenge of assimilating a growing number of ethnic minorities and immigrant social groups. The study aims to further our understanding of possible sociocultural variations of femicide-suicide by exploring sociodemographic and criminological patterns among non-Western social groups. It presents an analysis of national empirical findings of femicide-suicide across various ethnic and sociocultural groups in Israel in the years 2005-2015, excluding analysis of cases that occurred in Gaza, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem. The characteristics and patterns that are the focus of this study include a sociocultural ethnic profile of the perpetrator, and various criminological characteristics such as homicide and suicide location, homicide and suicide method, and homicide motive. Femicide-suicide events, victims, and perpetrators were compared by calculating frequency distributions and population-based incidence rates. The findings suggest that the distribution of the phenomenon and its criminological characteristics vary across immigrant and ethnic minority groups. Further research is needed to validate the study’s empirical observations and to explore the various manifestations of the phenomenon across non-Western ethnic, social, religious, and cultural groups.
The Liking Gap in Conversations: Do People Like Us More Than We Think?
Authors: Boothby Erica J. , Cooney Gus , Sandstrom Gillian M. , Clark Margaret S.
Published: September 2018

Having conversations with new people is an important and rewarding part of social life. Yet conversations can also be intimidating and anxiety provoking, and this makes people wonder and worry about what their conversation partners really think of them. Are people accurate in their estimates? We found that following interactions, people systematically underestimated how much their conversation partners liked them and enjoyed their company, an illusion we call the liking gap. We observed the liking gap as strangers got acquainted in the laboratory, as first-year college students got to know their dorm mates, and as formerly unacquainted members of the general public got to know each other during a personal development workshop. The liking gap persisted in conversations of varying lengths and even lasted for several months, as college dorm mates developed new relationships. Our studies suggest that after people have conversations, they are liked more than they know.
Belimumab restores Treg/Th17 balance in patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Prete M , Leone P , Frassanito M A , Desantis V , Marasco C , Cicco S , Dammacco F , Vacca A , Racanelli V
Published: September 2018

Belimumab, a specific inhibitor of the soluble B lymphocyte stimulator (BlyS), is the first biological drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) refractory to standard therapy. Given that an imbalance between regulatory T cells (Treg) and interleukin (IL)-17A-secreting T cells (Th17) has been reported in various autoimmune disorders, we assessed the frequency of both Treg and Th17 peripheral blood populations before and after belimumab administration in 20 patients with active SLE refractory to standard therapy. After six months of treatment, the mean SELENA-SLEDAI score as well as the mean anti-double-stranded DNA antibody titers were significantly decreased. In addition, we observed a significant increase in Treg percentages and a parallel, significant decrease in Th17 percentages, accompanied by significantly reduced serum levels of IL-21. In vitro studies showed that Treg purified from belimumab-treated patients were fully functional and displayed a suppressor function similar to that of Treg purified from healthy donors. Belimumab can restore Treg/Th17 balance in SLE patients with uncontrolled disease activity, and this results in decreased flare rate and reduced glucocorticoid dosage.
A GARCH Modelling of Volatility and M-GARCH Approach of Stock Market Linkages of North America
Authors: Panda Ajaya Kumar , Nanda Swagatika
Published: September 2018

The present study attempts to capture the return volatility and the extent of dynamic conditional correlation between the stock markets of North America region. The data contain weekly stock market returns spanning from the second week of 1995 to the fourth week of June 2016. Using univariate ARCH and GARCH approaches, the study finds evidence of return volatility and its persistence within the region. Mexican stock market neither reacts intensely to immediate market fluctuations nor the part of the realized past volatility spill over to the current period, whereas the stock markets of Canada and USA experience high persistence of return volatility and Bermuda stock market returns are highly sensitive to the immediate market fluctuations. Using MGARCH-DCC, this article finds that emerging markets are less linked to the developed market in terms of return and that there also exists a weak co-movement between the stock markets. There is no evidence of market integration throughout the sample period. Correlations tend to spread out equally throughout the sample period, but the co-variances were found to be more volatile during 2008–2010. This article reveals that changes in co-movement are not due to a change in the correlations between markets but is simply due to volatility.
Educational Attainment and the Gender Gap in Childcare in Canada: A Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Buchanan Tom , McFarlane Adian , Das Anupam
Published: September 2018

Using the 2010 General Social Survey in Time Use (Canadian Time Diary data set, N = 1782), we explore the relationship between the education level of couples and the time they spend on childcare. We find that fathers and mothers with higher levels of educational attainment spend more time parenting children. However, the education childcare gradient is stronger for mothers than fathers. Consequently, the gender gap in childcare is much greater for couples with more educational attainment. The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition results of these gender gaps by education level suggest very little can be attributed to how mothers and fathers at different levels of education differ on demographic and workplace characteristics. We argue that the differences in parenting time accompanying socio-economic status are more likely attributed to differences in parenting values.

JEL Classifications: I24, J13, J16, C10
Are Merchandise Exports and FDI Inflows an Engine of Growth for ASEAN-10 Countries? New Evidence Using the Pooled Mean Group Estimation Method
Authors: Goh Soo Khoon , Wong Koi Nyen , Yew Chee Lam
Published: September 2018

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has made remarkable economic progress in terms of rapid economic growth and expanding export trade and foreign direct investment (FDI). Theoretically speaking, both merchandise exports and FDI can be regarded as the key driving forces behind the ‘economic miracle’ of the regional economy. The major contribution of this study is that it is the first effort to empirically analyse the short-run and long-run growth effects of merchandise exports and FDI on the ASEAN-10 countries using time-series panel data. In this regard, this study aims to ascertain whether the spectacular regional growth is export- and FDI-driven, based on the ASEAN-10 panel data spanning from 1970 to 2016 using the pooled mean group (PMG) method. The findings show that merchandise exports are a key source of growth for the regional economy, attributable to the joint liberalisation efforts of the member states to expand trade and FDI. The study does not find evidence of FDI-led growth because the bulk of the FDI was invested in only a few ASEAN countries, and the minor FDI-recipient countries are at an early stage to benefit from the growth impacts of FDI, owing to lower absorptive capacity.

JEL Classification: C51, F21, F23, O19
Adhesive contact problems for a thin elastic layer: Asymptotic analysis and the JKR theory
Authors: Borodich Feodor M. , Galanov Boris A. , Perepelkin Nikolay V. , Prikazchikov Danila A.
Published: September 2018

Contact problems for a thin compressible elastic layer attached to a rigid support are studied. Assuming that the thickness of the layer is much less than the characteristic dimension of the contact area, a direct derivation of asymptotic relations for displacements and stress is presented. The proposed approach is compared with other published approaches. The cases are established when the leading-order approximation to the non-adhesive contact problems is equivalent to contact problem for a Winkler–Fuss elastic foundation. For this elastic foundation, the axisymmetric adhesive contact is studied in the framework of the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) theory. The JKR approach has been generalized to the case of the punch shape being described by an arbitrary blunt axisymmetric indenter. Connections of the results obtained to problems of nanoindentation in the case that the indenter shape near the tip has some deviation from its nominal shape are discussed. For indenters whose shape is described by power-law functions, the explicit expressions are derived for the values of the pull-off force and for the corresponding critical contact radius.