bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pellets produzidos a partir da biomassa de capim elefante BRS Kurumi, lodo flotado e bagaço de mandioca
Authors: Juppa Anna Maria , Andriola Maria Paula , Oliveira Diaz de Lima Victória , Bavaresco dos Santos Aline , Caetano de Oliveira Luciano , Ferla de Oliveira Adriana
Published: June 2024

Os pellets são biocombustíveis sólidos granulados produzidos a partir de biomassa vegetal moída e compactada. A presente pesquisa apresenta uma alternativa de aproveitamento da biomassa vegetal de capim elefante BRS Kurumi, lodo flotado junto à bagaço de mandioca como aglutinante, com o objetivo de produzir pellets.  Os pellets foram caracterizados quanto a análise imediata, densidade aparente e a granel, poder calorífico superior e densidade energética. Observou-se que os pellets produzidos com 100% capim BRS Kurumi (TK) apresentaram um elevado teor de cinzas (14,66%), e com a adição de 20% do lodo flotado (TKL) esse valor diminuiu (7,28%), aumentando o teor de carbono fixo (18,14%), o que consequentemente aumentou o poder calorífico superior para 16,20 MJ.kg-1. Com adição de 2% do bagaço de mandioca a densidade energética aparente foi de 15,15 GJ.m-3, enquanto TKL apresentou 17,73 GJ.m-3. De modo geral, todos os tratamentos propostos são possíveis de serem realizados apresentando características físico-químicas e energéticas promissoras para sua utilização como biocombustíveis sólidos.
Relation between candidiasis and linear gingival erythema in HIV-positive patients
Authors: Wellington Bruno Venâncio  , Camila Akemi Izumi  , Natalie Temporão Riera Gabriel  , Diogo Berwanger Januário  , Daiane de Oliveira Sudol  , Antônio Adilson Lima Soares  , Geisla Mary Silva Soares
Published: June 2024

To assess the prevalence of candidiasis associated with Linear Gingival Erythema (LGE) in patients with HIV. Material and methods: Patients with HIV who sought care were identified and those with linear gingival erythema were included in the study. Initially, a questionnaire divided into two parts was applied, the first session consisting of personal and sociodemographic data and the second session containing questions related to health habits. Then, erythema samples were collected with a collector brush and cultivated in petri dishes containing CHROMagar for 3 days under aerobic conditions at room temperature. Plaque evaluation and colony counts were performed. Results: From a total of 46 patients, thirteen were included in the study. Among the samples, eleven were diagnosed with C. albicans and five were diagnosed with other species of Candida sp. Conclusion: A high prevalence of Candida sp. was observed on patients with lesions of linear gingival erythema and diagnosed with HIV.
Carcinoma espinocelular de boca em pacientes sem fatores de risco: relato de dois casos
Authors: Fabíola da Rosa Luz  , Stephanie Von Stein Cubas Warnavin  , Mariana Lena Sass  , Natália Schepanski  , Juliana Lucena Schussel  , Heliton Gustavo de Lima  , Melissa Rodrigues de Araujo
Published: June 2024

O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) é a neoplasia maligna de boca que ocorre com menor frequência entre mulheres e jovens; os fatores de risco são imprescindíveis ao desenvolvimento da doença. Indivíduos do sexo masculino, adultos e idosos, etilistas e tabagistas são a população mais frequentemente acometida. Objetivo: Relatar dois casos de CEC em pacientes sem exposição aos hábitos nocivos ou fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de neoplasias malignas. Relato dos casos: Pacientes jovens, mulheres, sem hábitos nocivos ou doenças preexistentes, apresentaram lesões ulceradas com bordas elevadas, áreas esbranquiçadas e indolor. As lesões foram avaliadas por meio de biópsia incisional. As análises microscópicas levaram ao diagnóstico de CEC. Conclusão: O CEC deve ser considerado em indivíduos que não representam os perfis epidemiológicos frequentes. A avaliação por intermédio de biópsia incisional permitirá diagnóstico e conduta terapêutica mais precoces.
An Overview of the Deubiquitinase USP53: A Promising Diagnostic
Marker and Therapeutic Target
Authors: Xia Guangce , Guo Yulin , Zhang Jiajia , Han Meng , Meng Xiangchao , Lv Ji
Published: June 2024

:

Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are important mechanisms to maintain normal physiological
activities, and their disorders or imbalances can lead to various diseases. As a subgroup of
deubiquitinases (DUBs), the ubiquitin-specific peptidase (USP) family is closely related to many
biological processes. USP53, one of the family members, is widely expressed in human tissues and
participates in a variety of life activities, such as cell apoptosis, nerve transmission, and bone remodeling.
Mutations in the USP53 gene can cause cholestasis and deafness and may also be a potential
cause of schizophrenia. Knockout of USP53 can alleviate neuropathic pain induced by
chronic constriction injury. Loss of USP53 up-regulates RANKL expression, promotes the cytogenesis
and functional activity of osteoclasts, and triggers osteodestructive diseases. USP53 plays a
tumor-suppressive role in lung cancer, renal clear cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, liver cancer,
and esophageal cancer but reduces the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer and esophageal cancer to
induce radioresistance. Through the in-depth combination of literature and bioinformatics, this review
suggested that USP53 may be a good potential biomarker or therapeutic target for diseases.
Immunoprotective Potential of Adenylosuccinate Synthetase Protein
(PurA) in Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus Infections
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling , Chen Sihuan , Gao Shuji , Yang Weiping , Wang Yuxin , Wang Yang , Yi Li
Published: June 2024

Background::

Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is one important pathogen.
There are still sporadic outbreaks in China, northern United States and the Netherlands. Adenylosuccinate
synthetase PurA, a newly discovered protein in prior research, requires further assessment
of its protective effectiveness.

Methods::

In this study, we focused on the expression of recombinant PurA from SEZ ATCC
35246. We evaluated the immunoreactivity of this recombinant protein using convalescent minipig
sera. Additionally, we conducted experiments in mice to assess its immunogenic properties.

Results::

Our findings revealed that the recombinant PurA triggered a substantial antibody response
in mice, resulting in an 80% protection rate against SEZ infection. Notably, mice immunized
with PurA exhibited significantly reduced bacterial colonization in all organs compared to
the PBS control group. Furthermore, the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α in mouse serum
were significantly elevated in the PurA-immunized group compared to the control group. Hyperimmune
sera targeting PurA effectively eliminated SEZ in bactericidal tests. Remarkably, antibodies
against PurA demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on developing SEZ biofilm.

Conclusion::

Immunization with PurA elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses in
mice. These promising results suggest the potential utility of PurA in developing SEZ vaccine immunogens,
providing a valuable avenue for further research into SEZ infection prevention and control.
In silico Exploration of a Novel ICMT Inhibitor with More Solubility than Cysmethynil against Membrane Localization of KRAS Mutant in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Mouhcine Mohammed , Kadil Youness , Segmani Ibtihal , Rahmoune Imane , Filali Houda
Published: June 2024

Background:

ICMT (isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase) is an enzyme
that plays a key role in the post-translational modification of the K-Ras protein. The carboxyl
methylation of this protein by ICMT is important for its proper localization and function.
Cysmethynil (2-[5-(3-methylphenyl)-l-octyl-lH-indolo-3-yl] acetamide) causes K-Ras mislocalization
and interrupts pathways that control cancer cell growth and division through inhibition
of ICMT, but its poor water solubility makes it difficult and impractical for clinical use. This
indicates that relatively high amounts of cysmethynil would be required to achieve an effective
dose, which could result in significant adverse effects in patients.

Objective:

The general objective of this work was to find virtually new compounds that present
high solubility in water and are similar to the pharmacological activity of cysmethynil.

Materials and Methods:

Pharmacophore modeling, pharmacophore-based virtual screening,
prediction of ADMET properties (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity),
and water solubility were performed to recover a water-soluble molecule that shares the same
chemical characteristics as cysmethynil using Discovery Studio v16.1.0 (DS16.1), SwissADME
server, and pkCSM server.

Results:

In this study, ten pharmacophore model hypotheses were generated by exploiting the
characteristics of cysmethynil. The pharmacophore model validated by the set test method was
used to screen the "Elite Library®" and "Synergy Library" databases of Asinex. Only 1533 compounds
corresponding to all the characteristics of the pharmacophore were retained. Then, the
aqueous solubility in water at 25°C of these 1533 compounds was predicted by the Cheng and
Merz model. Among these 1533 compounds, two had the optimal water solubility. Finally, the
ADMET properties and Log S water solubility by three models (ESOL, Ali, and SILICOS-IT)
of the two compounds and cysmethynil were compared, resulting in compound 2 as a potential
inhibitor of ICMT.

Conclusion:

According to the results obtained, the identified compound presented a high solubility
in water and could be similar to the pharmacological activity of cysmethynil.
The Importance of Structural Water in HDAC8 for Correct Binding Pose Applied for Drug Design of Anticancer Molecules
Authors: Morales-Herrejón Gerardo , Mendoza-Figueroa Humberto Lubriel , Martínez-Archundía Marlet , Correa-Basurto José
Published: June 2024

Aims:

Validating the docking procedure and maintaining the structural water molecules at HDAC8
catalytic site.

Background:

Molecular docking simulations play a significant role in Computer-Aided Drug Design, contributing
to the development of new molecules. To ensure the reliability of these simulations, a validation process
called "self-docking or re-docking" is employed, focusing on the binding mode of a ligand co-crystallized with
the protein of interest.

Objective:

In this study, several molecular docking studies were conducted using five X-ray structures of
HDAC8-ligand complexes from the PDB.

Methods:

Ligands initially complexed with HDAC8 were removed and re-docked onto the free protein, revealing
a poor reproduction of the expected binding mode. In response to this, we observed that most HDAC8-ligand
complexes contained one to two water molecules in the catalytic site, which were crucial for maintaining the cocrystallized
ligand.

Results:

These water molecules enhance the binding mode of the co-crystallized ligand by stabilizing the proteinligand
complex through hydrogen bond interactions between ligand and water molecules. Notably, these interactions
are lost if water molecules are removed, as is often done in classical docking methodologies. Considering
this, molecular docking simulations were repeated, both with and without one or two conserved water molecules
near Zn+2 in the catalytic cavity. Simulations indicated that replicating the native binding pose of co-crystallized
ligands on free HDAC8 without these water molecules was challenging, showing greater coordinate displacements
(RMSD) compared to those including conserved water molecules from crystals.

Conclusion:

The study highlighted the importance of conserved water molecules within the active site, as their
presence significantly influenced the successful reproduction of the ligands' native binding modes. The results
suggest an optimal molecular docking procedure for validating methods suitable for filtering new HDAC8 inhibitors
for future experimental assays.
Determination of Temperature Stresses during the Construction of Massive Monolithic Foundation Slabs, Taking into Account the Subgrade Compliance
Authors: Chepurnenko Anton , Turina Vasilina , Akopyan Vladimir
Published: June 2024

Background

The problem of early cracking caused by the heat of concrete hardening is relevant for massive reinforced concrete structures, including foundation slabs. The purpose of this work is to develop the methodology for determining temperature stresses during the construction of foundation slabs, taking into account the interaction with the subgrade.

Methods

The Pasternak elastic foundation model with two-bed coefficients is used for the soil. The temperature of the foundation slab is considered a function of only one coordinate z (temperature changes only along the thickness of the slab). As a result, to determine the stress-strain state of the slab, a fourth-order differential equation for deflection was obtained. A technique for numerically solving the resulting equation using the finite difference method is proposed. The calculation of the stress-strain state is preceded by the calculation of the temperature field, which is performed by the finite element method in a simplified one-dimensional formulation.

Results

The solution to the test problem is presented for a constant modulus of elasticity of concrete over time. The results were compared with finite element calculations in a three-dimensional formulation in the ASNYS software. The calculation was also performed taking into account the dependence of the mechanical characteristics of concrete on its degree of maturity. In this case, the picture of the stress-strain state changes significantly. The proposed method was also successfully tested on experimental data.

Conclusion

The proposed approach can significantly save calculation time compared to the finite element analysis in a three-dimensional setting.
Isolation, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Study of Bioactive Compounds from Leaves of Cyphostemma cyphopetalum
Authors: Mohammed Adem Getahun , Tadesse Mesfin Getachew , Bachheti Rakesh Kumar , Bayeh Yosef , Ashebr Tesfay G.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Cyphostemma cyphopetalum is a herbaceous climber species within the Vitaceae family, found in various tropical and subtropical regions of Africa. It has a history of traditional use in Ethiopia for treating various health issues in humans and livestock, includ-ing snake bites, rabies, and eczema. Despite its reported ethnomedicinal uses, there is a lack of sufficient scientific literature regarding the isolation and characterization of its bioactive chem-ical compounds.

Objective:

The objective of this work was to isolate bioactive compounds from the leaves of Cyphostemma cyphopetalum, characterize their chemical structures using FTIR and NMR spec-troscopy, and evaluate their antimicrobial activities.

Methods:

Isolation was done using column chromatographic separation techniques. Spectro-scopic techniques, including Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance, were used for functional group identification and structural elucidation. Moreover, the paper disc dif-fusion bioassay method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the isolated bioactive compounds.

Results:

Three fractions were successfully isolated using chloroform with dichloromethane and
chloroform with ethyl acetate as eluting solvents and silica gel as a stationary phase. After careful
interpretation of the experimental results and comparison with the literature, the isolated
fractions were constituted mainly by stigmasterol (fraction 1), β-sitosterol (fraction 2), and
trans-resveratrol (fraction 3). The antibacterial activities of each isolated fraction were tested
against Ralstonia solanacearum, a gram-negative bacterium, and Staphylococcus aureus, a
gram-positive bacterial pathogen.

:

Comparatively, the highest mean inhibitory value of 10.03 ± 0.13 mm was exhibited by fraction
2, which was followed by 6.25 ± 0.05 mm inhibition activity recorded for fraction 1 against R.
solanacearum, while fraction 3 did not exhibit any bacterial activity against both the strains.

Conclusion:

We have successfully isolated and characterized three compounds (1-3) from leaves of C. cyphopetalum and evaluated their antibacterial activity. A maximum mean inhibi-tory value of 10.03 ± 0.13 mm was exhibited by compound 2 against R. solanacearum.
Corrigendum to: Anti- SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM Levels in Iraqi General Population
Authors: Hamed Alobaidi Amina , Inam Mustafa Hussein , Mutar Salih Ahmed , Alsamarai Abdulghani Mohamed
Published: June 2024

A typographical error in the Reference No. 175 appeared erroneously in the References List of the article titled “Anti- SARSCoV-
2 IgG and IgM Levels in Iraqi General Population”, 2023; 22(2) [1].

Original:

Barassi, A.; Pezzilli, R.; Mondoni, M.; Rinaldo, R.F.; Dav, I.M.; Cozzolino, M. Vitamin D in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients with non-invasive ventilation support. Panminerva Med., 2021, •••

Corrected:

Barassi, A.; Pezzilli, R.; Mondoni, M.; Rinaldo, R.F.; Davì, M.; Cozzolino, M. Vitamin D in severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients with non-invasive ventilation support. Panminerva Med., 2023, 65(1), 23-29.

We apologize to the readers for the inconvenience caused due to this error.

The original article can be found online at: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/135111<//p>
Organizational Security Improvement in Preventing Deepfake Ransomware
Authors: Kapoor Janesh , Abdul Rahman Nor Azlina
Published: June 2024

Ransomware is one of the most popular threats in the cyber world. There is
an emerging technique for integrating artificial intelligence (AI), deep machine
learning, and facial mapping for creating fake videos of people doing and saying
something that they have not actually done. Deepfake ransomware is an attack where
deepfake technology is being used in ransomware campaigns. Anyone can become the
victim or target of this attack, however, this research paper focuses on the impact of
deepfake ransomware on organisations. It covers potential risks that an organization
might face due to deepfake ransomware attacks such as customer trust, organization
reputation, and many other impacts. Besides that, this paper also discusses defence
techniques that an organization could consider implementing in protecting the
organization against deepfake ransomware attacks. Implementing the defence without
awareness will not be effective, hence it is highlighted several times in this paper, that
awareness is needed amongst the employees and employers to prevent the organisation
from deepfake ransomware. Additionally, it also mentions possible risk management,
business continuity, and disaster recovery plans that should be considered by the
organization whilst handling the situation of deepfake ransomware attacks.
Impact of Saudi corporate governance code and governance structures on industrial firms' performance in Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Department of Accounting, College of Business, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Zehri Fatma , Flah Ichraf Ben ,   Department of Accounting, College of Business, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Published: June 2024

This research focuses on examining how the recent Saudi Corporate Governance Code (SCGC) and internal governance structures within companies affect the performance of industrial firms listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange. The authors studied 62 industrial firms from 2012 to 2020. They analyzed data using two models to test their hypotheses, looking at firm performance through two financial indicators: return on assets (ROA) for the first model and return on equity (ROE) for the second. Both models considered the same factors: SCGC, the size and independence of the board, the size and independence of the audit committee, how often the audit committee meets, and how concentrated the ownership is. The results indicated that applying the SCGC leads to better company performance based on ROA. However, there was no noticeable impact on performance from the board or audit committee size. Likewise, having more audit committee meetings did not improve performance. On the other hand, the independence of the board and audit committee, along with ownership concentration, did have a positive effect on performance. This study adds to the discussion on the economic impacts of the SCGC in the Saudi market, offering valuable insights for companies, investors, and policymakers like the Capital Market Authority (CMA) and the Saudi Organization for Chartered and Professional Accountants (SOCPA). These insights could guide adjustments to the SCGC that better suit the unique aspects of the Saudi market.
Data Collection and Management of mHealth, Wearables, and Internet of Things in Digital Behavioral Health Interventions With the Awesome Data Acquisition Method (ADAM): Development of a Novel Informatics Architecture
Authors: Pulantara I Wayan , Wang Yuhan , Burke Lora E , Sereika Susan M , Bizhanova Zhadyra , Kariuki Jacob K , Cheng Jessica , Beatrice Britney , Loar India , Cedillo Maribel , Conroy Molly B , Parmanto Bambang
Published: June 2024

The integration of health and activity data from various wearable devices into research studies presents technical and operational challenges. The Awesome Data Acquisition Method (ADAM) is a versatile, web-based system that was designed for integrating data from various sources and managing a large-scale multiphase research study. As a data collecting system, ADAM allows real-time data collection from wearable devices through the device’s application programmable interface and the mobile app’s adaptive real-time questionnaires. As a clinical trial management system, ADAM integrates clinical trial management processes and efficiently supports recruitment, screening, randomization, data tracking, data reporting, and data analysis during the entire research study process. We used a behavioral weight-loss intervention study (SMARTER trial) as a test case to evaluate the ADAM system. SMARTER was a randomized controlled trial that screened 1741 participants and enrolled 502 adults. As a result, the ADAM system was efficiently and successfully deployed to organize and manage the SMARTER trial. Moreover, with its versatile integration capability, the ADAM system made the necessary switch to fully remote assessments and tracking that are performed seamlessly and promptly when the COVID-19 pandemic ceased in-person contact. The remote-native features afforded by the ADAM system minimized the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on the SMARTER trial. The success of SMARTER proved the comprehensiveness and efficiency of the ADAM system. Moreover, ADAM was designed to be generalizable and scalable to fit other studies with minimal editing, redevelopment, and customization. The ADAM system can benefit various behavioral interventions and different populations.
Training of Community Health Workers in Diabetes Lead to Improved Outcomes for Diabetes Screening and Management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Gudlavalleti Anirudh Gaurang , Babu Giridhara R , Kamalakannan Sureshkumar , Murthy G V S , Schaper Nicolaas C , van Schayck Onno C P
Published: June 2024

Background

Diabetes is a growing concern worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Type 2 diabetes mellitus constitutes a significant proportion of cases and is associated with debilitating microvascular complications. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is steadily increasing among the LMICs where many barriers to health care exist. Thus, task shifting to community health workers (CHWs) has been proposed as a solution to improve diabetes management in these settings. However, CHWs often lack the necessary training to manage diabetes effectively. Thus, a systematic review is required to present evidence of the highest degree for this intervention.

Objective

This study aims to establish the protocols for a systemic review.

Methods

Using the Participants Intervention Comparator Outcome Time Study Design (PICOTS) framework, this study outlines a systematic review aiming to evaluate the impact of training programs for CHWs in diabetes management in LMICs. Quantitative studies focusing on CHWs, diabetes training, focusing on diabetes management outcomes like hemoglobin A1c levels and fasting blood glucose levels, between January 2000 and December 2023 and found on databases such as PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Evidence Based Medicine Reviews, BASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science will be included. We will include randomized controlled trials but will also include observational studies if we find less than 5 randomized controlled trials. An author committee consisting of 3 reviewers will be formed, where 2 reviewers will conduct the review independently while the third will resolve all disputes. The Cochrane Methods Risk of Bias Tool 2 will be used for assessing the risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach for the meta-analysis and narrative synthesis analysis will be used. The results will be presented in a PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) diagram.

Results

The review will begin in May 2024 and conclude in 3 months.

Conclusions

The review will synthesize existing evidence and provide insights into the effectiveness of such programs, informing future research and practice in diabetes care in LMICs.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42022341717; https://tinyurl.com/jva2hpdr

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/57313
Using the Preparation Phase of the Multiphase Optimization Strategy to Design an Antiextremism Program in Bahrain: Formative and Pilot Research
Authors: Rulison Kelly , Weaver GracieLee , Milroy Jeffrey , Beamon Emily , Kelly Samantha , Ameeni Ali , Juma Amina , Abualgasim Fadhel , Husain Jaafar , Wyrick David
Published: June 2024

Background

Extremism continues to raise concerns about conflict and violent attacks that can lead to deaths, injuries, trauma, and stress. Adolescents are especially vulnerable to radicalization by extremists. Given its location in a region that often experiences extremism, Bahrain developed 4 peaceful coexistence lessons and 4 antiextremism lessons to be implemented as part of their Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) program.

Objective

The aim of this study is to report the results of the preparation phase of the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) to develop a peaceful coexistence program and an antiextremism program implemented by D.A.R.E. officers in Bahrain.

Methods

We developed conceptual models for the peaceful coexistence and antiextremism programs, indicating which mediators each lesson should target, the proximal outcomes that should be shaped by these mediators, and the distal and ultimate outcomes that the intervention should change. We recruited 20 middle schools to pilot test our research protocol, survey measures, and the existing intervention lessons. A total of 854 seventh and ninth grade students completed a pretest survey, 4 peaceful coexistence intervention lessons, and an immediate posttest survey; and a total of 495 ninth grade students completed the pretest survey, 4 antiextremism lessons, and an immediate posttest survey. A series of 3-level models, nesting students within classrooms within schools, tested mean differences from pretest to posttest.

Results

Pilot test results indicated that most measures had adequate reliability and provided promising evidence that the existing lessons could change some of the targeted mediators and proximal outcomes. Specifically, students who completed the peaceful coexistence lessons reported significant changes in 5 targeted mediating variables (eg, injunctive norms about intolerance, P<.001) and 3 proximal outcomes [eg, social skills empathy (P=.008); tolerance beliefs (P=.041)]. Students who completed the antiextremism lessons reported significant changes in 3 targeted mediators [eg, self-efficacy to use resistance skills themselves (P<.001)], and 1 proximal outcome (ie, social skills empathy, P<.001).

Conclusions

An effective antiextremism program has the potential to protect youth from radicalization and increase peaceful coexistence. We used the preparation phase of MOST to (1) develop a conceptual model, (2) identify the 4 lessons in each program as the components we will evaluate in the optimization phase of MOST, (3) pilot test the existing lessons, our newly developed measures, and research protocol, and (4) determine that our optimization objective will be all effective components. We will use these results to revise the existing lessons and conduct optimization trials to evaluate the efficacy of the individual lessons.
Perceptions of Illness Control, Coherence, and Self-Efficacy Following a Web-Based Lifestyle Program for Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Analysis of Semistructured Interviews (Preprint)
Authors: Davenport Rebekah , Bevens William , Neate Sandra , Jelinek Pia , Yu Maggie , Jelinek George , Reece Jeanette
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Evidence suggests that illness perceptions held by people living with multiple sclerosis (MS) impact affective distress and physical health outcomes. In a randomized controlled trial, we developed 2 MS Online Courses—the standard care course and the intervention course (IC). The IC was adapted from an evidence-based lifestyle program. Modifying lifestyle risk factors offers an opportunity to impact illness perceptions. Research on illness perceptions in people living with MS has focused predominately on quantitative methods.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the experiences and health outcomes of randomized controlled trial participants, including individuals’ perceived changes in attitudes toward MS and their health (ie, illness perceptions).

METHODS

Qualitative responses provided by 38 participants (22 in the IC and 16 in the standard care course) were derived from semistructured interviews 1 month after completing the MS Online Course. The impact of course engagement and lifestyle modification on illness perceptions was explored using inductive thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Themes of changes in illness perceptions were most prominent in the IC arm. Qualitative responses from 22 people living with MS informed the development of three themes: “self-efficacy for disease management,” “personal control,” and “illness coherence.”

CONCLUSIONS

Findings provide novel insights into the formation and modification of illness perceptions. Lifestyle modification may serve as a valuable adjunct to clinician-administered therapies, improving the sense of personal control over MS, illness coherence, and self-efficacy for disease management.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621001605886; https://tinyurl.com/2vyve9p9

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1186/s12883-023-03298-0
Personalization and Persuasive Strategies in Digital Mental Health Applications for Depression: A Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Hyunjin , Kang Boyoung , Choi Juhee , Lee Eunbyeol , Han Kyu-Man , Choi Kee-Hong
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Depression is a common mental health disorder worldwide. With advances in technology, digital mental health applications and technologies for depression have been in the spotlight. However, more personalization and in situ support for digital mental health interventions are necessary as tailoring strategies can improve adherence and engagement with interventions delivered through apps. Personalization, a persuasive strategy, is crucial for user-friendly and effective digital mental health applications.

OBJECTIVE

Despite the necessity and importance of personalization in digital mental health interventions, few systematic reviews of personalization strategies have been employed in depression intervention apps. We review existing mobile and web-based applications for depression, along with personalization and other features.

METHODS

We systematically searched Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsycInfo using the following key words: “Depression,” “Digital,” “Digital Therapeutics,” “Artificial Intelligence (AI),” “Machine Learning (ML),” and “Personalization” and “Tailored” and “Application” AND “Web-based.” Four independent reviewers selected studies for inclusion and extracted and reviewed the data.

RESULTS

Among 54 studies identified for personalization strategies operationalized in depression intervention apps, nine of these 29 applications supported the customization functions, allowing a self-tailored environment to match users’ personal preferences. All reviewed digital interventions for depression except one collected active data; in particular, three utilized active and passive data from users to personalize digital interventions.
Notably, the ML model enhanced the sophistication of personalization by recognizing and predicting users’ emotional states (n = 7), recommending practical activities (n = 2), and directly providing evidence-based interventions (n = 4) to improve depressive symptoms. Additionally, 17 apps showed significantly better outcomes for depression in comparison with a control group not using them. Among the 17 studies that scrutinized the applications’ efficacy, 14 used a randomized controlled trial design. Three Food and Drug Administration-approved apps integrate therapist–client interaction based on cognitive behavioral therapy. Diverse strategies were implemented. In analyzing all apps, we found no discrepancy in specific strategy prevalence between validated apps showing efficacy and those not yet validated.

CONCLUSIONS

The current review suggests future development directions in the personalization elements of digital mental health apps for depression based on our findings to improve these apps’ effectiveness and user engagement and foster future research.
Association between the 5G cost and reliability in healthcare (Preprint)
Authors: Hu Ruoxiao
Published: June 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

In this article, we look at the hidden side of the prevailed advantages, specifically the reliability and cost issues associated with the implementation of 5G in healthcare. Healthcare is a safe industry and has a tolerance of margin of error to be zero to none. Given that healthcare is essential for mankind, the introduction of new technology has to be reliable. Furthermore, without a proper analysis of cost and funding, any decision of such investment will be bound to fail. In reliability, we have discussed how 5G interferes with the current proven successful healthcare practice, how 5G is susceptible to data theft and hacking and the misappropriate use of medical data for ulterior motives. In cost, the upgrade requirements needed, how costs are derived from one aspect to another and the funding to support the change are also discussed.
 
There are still many loopholes and questions left unanswered in this aspect, though it is believed to bring positive changes to the healthcare industry, through our findings, we conclude that this technology is unready, and the aforementioned problems have to be dealt with prior to introducing it to the society.
Evaluation of Web-Based Digital Intervention to improve health outcomes of older adults: A secondary data analysis. (Preprint)
Authors: Chew Jowinn
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The health of ageing populations is amongst the top challenges facing global health systems. As such, research focusing on how to promote positive health behaviours in an ageing population is of paramount importance. The use of mobile health (mHealth) approaches has been found to be effective in prompting changes across a range of health behaviours and in various populations and has been identified as a potentially valuable tool to enhance health behaviours amongst older adults.

OBJECTIVE

The present sought to explore the efficacy and acceptability of a personalised mHealth application designed for older adults in terms of how it affected their well-being, mental and physical health, and relationship with food.

METHODS

This study is a secondary data analysis of the outcomes of real-world Holly Health users who signed up for the Holly Health program between August 2022 to January 2023.

RESULTS

Results showed that post-intervention, self-reported ratings of self-confidence, energy, mindfulness, health mindset, and short-and-long-term mindset all improved. Furthermore, the personalised mHealth application showed a good level of acceptability amongst the participants.

CONCLUSIONS

These results demonstrate that engaging with a digital health intervention can help improve several aspects of physical and mental health and adds to existing evidence highlighting the need for effective and accessible interventions to promote healthy ageing.

CLINICALTRIAL

The current analysis was approved by the London South Bank University Research Ethics Committee (Ref: ETH2223-0097) and was pre-registered on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/rbk36).
Barriers and facilitators to HIV and viral hepatitis testing in healthcare settings in Kyrgyz Republic: Protocol for a mixed-methods study (Preprint)
Authors: Sperle Ida , Lunchenkov Nikolay , Nurmatov Zuridin S. , A. Bekbolotov Aybek , Stepanovich-Falke Anastassiya , Brandl Michael , Kysil Olena , Bivol Stela , Bremer Viviane , Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer Barbara , Dudareva Sandra
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

In Kyrgyz Republic, it is estimated that 18% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) are undiagnosed, and more than half are diagnosed late (CD4 count <350 cells/mm3). For viral hepatitis, before 2023, free testing was only available to PLHIV, which has led to a low testing uptake. A new national programme on the elimination of HIV and viral hepatitis infection for the years 2023-2027 recognizes the need to scale up testing to reduce the gap in undiagnosed people in the country.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim is to identify and describe the most important barriers and facilitators to HIV and viral hepatitis B, C and D testing from the perspective of HCWs working in primary healthcare settings in Kyrgyz Republic.

METHODS

A cross-sectional, mixed-methods study will be conducted in two phases. A purposive sampling approach will be applied to recruit HCWs in primary healthcare settings. In Phase I, in-depth, semi-structured interviews will be conducted with up to 20 participants to gather detailed information about the key barriers and facilitators for testing. We will apply a thematic approach for qualitative analysis. Themes identified will inform the development of a short questionnaire with main barriers and facilitators for Phase II. The questionnaire will be distributed electronically, and the target sample size is 400 participants. We will perform descriptive analyses of the questionnaire data reporting the most frequently reported barriers and facilitators for HIV and viral hepatitis testing.

RESULTS

The study received financial support in the framework of the Global Health Protection Programme by the Federal Government of Germany. Ethics approval was obtained from the institutional review board in Kyrgyzstan. The results of the study are expected by the end of 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

The study will improve the understanding of existing barriers and facilitators to HIV and viral hepatitis testing in order to increase testing offers and uptake in primary healthcare settings in Kyrgyz Republic. Importantly, the findings will inform steps to improve the implementation of the new testing strategy and ultimately increase the number of people diagnosed and treated in the Kyrgyz Republic.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Further studies on circulant completion of graphs
Authors: Antony Toby B. , Naduvath Sudev
Published: June 2024

A circulant graph C(n,S) is a graph having its adjacency matrix as a circulant matrix. It can also be intrepreted as a graph with vertices v0,v1,...,vn-1 that are in one to one correspondence with the members of Zn and with edge set {vivj:i-j ∈ S}, where S known as the connection set or symbol, is a subset of non-identity members of Zn that is closed under inverses. This work extends the study of circulant completion and general formulae for calculating circulant completion number in two different perspectives, one in terms of circulant span and the other in terms of adjacency matrix.
El ciclo táctico diplomático chileno-wenteche (arribano) de 1864-1867
Authors: Perucci Cristián
Published: June 2024

Over the long term, Mapuche and Hispanic-Chilean relationships were characterized by alternating periods of mutual understanding and war. This article studies how this colonial pact—classified as such because the war did not dismantle the autonomy or authority at the border—irreparably deteriorated in the early years of the Pacification of Araucanía War. Violence continued to coexist with political meetings, although these meetings had taken a different tone since both societies were preparing tactically and diplomatically for the clash that would accompany Chile’s Malleco River invasion. Several indicators expose the deterioration of the pact and the imminence of war. Researchers analyze them through Cornelio Saavedra’s interview with Külaweke—the delegate from the Wenteche (arribano) groups—one of the last milestones before a new phase of military occupation.
Tecnología cerámica en contextos tardío/incaicos del Noroeste argentino
Authors: Coloca Federico Ignacio , Solá Patricia , López Gabriel E.J.
Published: June 2024

This article presents the first petrographic analysis of a ceramic assemblage recovered from the Abra de Minas and Cueva Inca Viejo sites in the Ratones basin, Puna de Salta, Northwestern Argentina. Multiple indicators of human settlements at these sites reveal a preponderance of mining activities and rituals spanning primarily the late pre-Inca and Inca periods. Mining activity and structural construction increased in the area during the expansion of Tawantinsuyu. One such example was the ceremonial structure at cave entrance. Pottery played an important role in this context, particularly the vessels used in ritual and dining practices, which feature high stylistic and compositional variability. The petrographic analysis of 30 sherds associated with late/Inca pre-Hispanic contexts differentiated groups of pottery fabrics, enabling discussion on the association, production, and circulation of ceramic styles renowned for their quality, decoration and shapes. The results suggest that ceramics from these sites are mostly of allochthonous origin, produced in places where even more different styles were made, connecting them to the pottery production of the Inca Empire.
Analítica del aprendizaje y big data en la transversalidad del curso Algoritmos de programación en plataforma e-learning con estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Ochoa Guevara Nancy Edith , Montas Ventura Carmelo de Jesús , Amaya Becerra Martha Nicolasa , Lara Saiz María Isabel , Martínez Paredes Olga Lucía
Published: June 2024

Esta investigación parte del problema del rezago académico en las instituciones de educación superior, consecuencia de la pandemia del COVID-19. Adicionalmente, debido al crecimiento del número de estudiantes específicamente de la Facultad de Ingeniería, esta investigación busca evaluar la pertinencia del curso de Algoritmos de programación transversal dictado en una plataforma de e-learning, o en algunos casos en modalidad híbrida, lo cual generó en su momento malestar en estudiantes y docentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la contribución de las metodologías de Analítica del Aprendizaje y big data a la mejora continua del curso de Algoritmos de programación transversal dictado en línea. Para alcanzarlo se aplicó la metodología cualitativa y la analítica de datos a la información recolectada durante el seguimiento exhaustivo realizado al comportamiento académico de los estudiantes del curso y de la gestión técnica del docente. Los resultados del análisis de los datos obtenidos demuestran que el aprendizaje personalizado aplicado en el curso remoto contribuye al acercamiento de los estudiantes y los docentes. Además, genera en ellos sentimientos de acogida, aliento y esperanza. Esto indica que la innovación aplicada en el curso es la salida a la paralización que, durante la pandemia, impedía a la universidad avanzar hacia la meta de la mejora educativa anhelada.
A política externa brasileira do governo Bolsonaro em relação do Brasil com o Mercosul: a mudança e o distanciamento do bloco
Authors:   , Souza Laweny Karoline de
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho busca analisar a política externa brasileira do governo Bolsonaro em relação ao Mercosul. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, o trabalho identifica os principais fatores que contribuíram para o distanciamento do Brasil do bloco, incluindo o alinhamento com os Estados Unidos, o viés ideológico liberal e a visão de que o Mercosul representava um obstáculo ao crescimento econômico do Brasil. O trabalho conclui que a mudança de postura do governo Bolsonaro em relação ao Mercosul teve consequências negativas para o bloco, que perdeu relevância no cenário internacional e viu suas perspectivas de crescimento econômico serem reduzidas. Além disso, o distanciamento também afetou as relações entre o Brasil e os demais países da região, que se tornaram mais tensas e desconfiadas. Ainda será demonstrado as estratégias que devem ser adotadas para que o MERCOSUL possa se recuperar da crise e retomar o papel de líder na América Latina.
Os efeitos do treino assistido por exoesqueleto na recuperação da marcha em pacientes pós-AVC na fase subaguda: uma revisão sistemática
Authors:   , Leziér Alana Zambianco , Teodoro Gabriela Cristiane , Nonato Isabelle Ribeiro Bottene
Published: June 2024

Introdução: o AVC (Acidente Vascular Cerebral) pode ser definido como um déficit neurológico, ocasionado por uma alteração vascular cerebral que pode acarretar diversos comprometimentos ao paciente, de natureza cognitiva, motora, funcional e na qualidade de vida. Existem diversas intervenções utilizadas atualmente como métodos de tratamento de indivíduos pós AVC e estudos recentes demonstram que o desenvolvimento tecnológico, como o uso de exoesqueletos na reabilitação desses pacientes, oferece treinamentos mais intensos e específicos para os mesmos, visto que, a dificuldade de caminhar é a principal queixa e distúrbio encontrados por esses pacientes. A inserção desses novos equipamentos possibilita maior repetitividade dos treinos, especialmente na fase subaguda da enfermidade, na qual se enfatiza a plasticidade neural e maiores estímulos para a recuperação mais otimizada da marcha. Objetivo: determinar, por meio de revisão sistemática, os efeitos do treino assistido por exoesqueleto na recuperação da marcha em pacientes pós AVC subagudo. Métodos: foi realizada uma busca na base de dados Cochrane Library, PubMed e PEDro, com os descritores AVC, Exoesqueleto, Reabilitação e Marcha no período de agosto e setembro de 2023, utilizando como critérios de inclusão ensaios clínicos e ensaios controlados randomizados, publicados nos últimos cinco anos, indivíduos pós AVC em fase subaguda (de 3 a 6 meses). Resultados: foram encontrados 148 estudos, dos quais 3 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os artigos revisados investigaram os efeitos do treino assistido por exoesqueleto na recuperação da marcha em pacientes pós-AVC subagudo e evidenciaram que o uso do exoesqueleto no treino de marcha se mostra promissor e eficaz em pacientes pós-AVC na fase subaguda, com evolução e melhoras significativas na capacidade de marcha independente, equilíbrio, aspectos sociais e qualidade de vida. Conclusão: o treinamento da marcha assistida por exoesqueleto traz benefícios para a capacidade funcional da marcha, promove maior independência, melhora da capacidade de realizar as atividades de vida diária e melhora da qualidade de vida. Apesar dos benefícios evidenciados, há necessidade de mais pesquisas voltadas à utilização do equipamento, além de maior amostra e adesão de participantes.