bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of the CIELAB parameters on the perception of color after the use of whitening toothpastes
Authors: Odilon Natália Nascimento , Oliveira Rafaela Silva , Lima Max José Pimenta , Campos Elisângela de Jesus
Published: September 2021

Aim: To evaluate the influence of the parameters L* a* b* on the variation of the color of bovine tooth enamel submitted to artificial darkening, after simulated brushing, with whitening toothpastes containing blue covarine. Methods: To undertake this study in vitro, 60 specimens (SP) were divided into 6 groups (n=10): control group (CGwater) and 5 test groups (GT1-Colgate Total 12, GT2-Oral-B 3D White Perfection, GT3- Colgate Luminous Instant White, GT4-CloseUp White Diamond Attraction, GT5-Sorriso Xtreme White). The specimens were darkened with coffee and submitted to simulated brushing for 6, 12, and 24 months. The alteration in the color was evaluated using CIELAB parameters and the ΔL, Δa, Δb and ΔE were calculated. The data was analyzed through generalized linear models using the R program and considering a level of significance of 5%. Results: The parameters L*, a* and the ΔL, Δa obtained better results in the test group than in the control group. There were no statistical differences between CG and the test groups for the evaluation of the b* parameter. In the evaluation of the Δb, the GT3 differed statistically from the CG. In relation to the ΔE, all the group tests showed a variation in color statistically greater than that of the CG and the GT4 showed the greatest variation, not differing from the GT3 during the periods studied. Conclusion: The mechanical and optical whitening agents positively influenced the values L*a* and b*, as well as in its variations and in the ΔE. It is important to emphasize, however, that to analyze tooth whitening it is necessary to evaluate their parameters together.
O movimento inglês Arts and Crafts e a arquitetura norte-americana
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Tagliari Ana
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
“É melhor se resguardar, porque nós somos invisíveis diante do Estado Brasileiro”
Authors: Souza Josias Ferreira de , Fiori Ana Letícia de
Published: September 2021

Este artigo, escrito a quatro mãos por um pesquisador Sateré-Mawé e uma antropóloga não indígena, elenca práticas tradicionais de resguardo do povo Sateré-Mawé, considerando as noções de corpo, saúde e doença envolvidas. A noção de resguardo e isolamento como cuidado é contraposta ao isolamento e invisibilidade dos indígenas em relação às políticas públicas do Estado. Retomam-se alguns momentos históricos críticos em que o povo Mawé teve que se resguardar e como estas práticas tradicionais podem hoje ensinar estratégias de proteção contra o coronavírus, já que mais uma vez as ações do Estado brasileiro colocam em risco os povos indígenas diante dessa nova ameaça de genocídio. Alguns conflitos que emergiram durante a pandemia são mencionados, de modo a contextualizar como os Sateré-Mawé estão enfrentando a pandemia.
O descaso e o esquecimento com os indígenas são antigos, não começou com o Covid-19
Authors: Carvalho Patricia , Benitz Tabatha , Vieira Ercília da Silva , Santos Fabio Pereira dos
Published: September 2021

A crise sanitária mundialmente instaurada com a pandemia de Covid-19 tornou o Brasil um dos epicentros das infecções e cenário de trágica experiência de gestão pública em saúde, e, mais especificamente na Amazônia, expôs o fantasma histórico da lógica da desumanização do Estado aos povos indígenas. Neste texto, tomamos como ponto de partida um conjunto de relatos emitidos por lideranças e representantes dos movimentos indígenas no Médio rio Solimões e Afluentes que nos dizem respeito às técnicas de governo relacionadas às narrativas e práticas de omissão que reforçam o antigo regime de produção de desigualdades e das condições de vulnerabilidade sanitária, ambiental, social e econômica desses sujeitos. Nosso objetivo é mostrar por meio da análise desses relatos de que modo os sujeitos resistem e reagem ao negacionismo estatal criando estratégias autônomas de cuidados e de contenção da transmissão.
Bem viver e viver bem
Authors: Pinto Nicole Soares
Published: September 2021

Resenha do livro: Baniwa, André Fernando. Bem viver e viver bem: segundo o povo Baniwa no noroeste amazônico brasileiro. Curitiba: Ed. UFPR, 2019. 64 p.
A festa da moça nova
Authors: Oliveira Esmael Alves de
Published: September 2021

Resenha do livro, Matarezio Filho, Edson Tosta. 2019. A festa da moça nova: Ritual de iniciação feminina dos índios Ticuna. São Paulo: Humanitas/ FAPESP. 464 p.
Antropologia, ciência e política
Authors: Peres Sidnei Clemente
Published: September 2021

O debate público em torno da demarcação das terras indígenas alçou um nível de qualidade acadêmica que permitiu ao antropólogo contribuir com a sua competência profissional, exercendo sua responsabilidade social. A antropologia pode contribuir com a formação e melhoria da esfera pública, afirmando a sua competência e qualidade acadêmica, como no caso dos laudos, cuja força política e fundamentação científica estão entrelaçados. Pretendo abordar as relações entre teoria e método antropológicos e a elaboração de laudos, a partir da minha experiência como antropólogo-coordenador de equipes de identificação de terras indígenas no Nordeste (no estado da Paraíba) e na Amazônia (no Médio Rio Negro).
O retorno da terra. As retomadas na aldeia Tupinambá da Serra do Padeiro, sul da Bahia
Authors: Almeida Lígia Rodrigues de
Published: September 2021

Resenha do livro: Alarcon, Daniela Fernandes. 2019. O retorno da terra. As retomadas na aldeia Tupinambá da Serra do Padeiro, sul da Bahia. São Paulo: Elefante, 484p.
A isca e o parasita
Authors: Bonilla Oiara
Published: September 2021

Após a saída de reclusão da moça púbere, ao longo das brincadeiras rituais, o moça é apresentada e exposta pelas demais mulheresa a vários "predadores" encenados pelos homens.  Em um jogo de espelhamentos e inversões, ela é posicionada como uma isca para atrair os predadores e constituir-se como uma armadilha, uma emboscada, na qual o predador seduzido pela possibilidade de sujeitar ou devorar sua presa, só pode cair e ser morto, . O Jara, o branco, é geralmente o último predador a chegar. Figura mais elaborada dessa etapa do ritual, é a única que se torna objeto de chacota das mulheres e das crianças, antes de ser surrada e destruída a pauladas por estas. Este ensaio etnográfico procura analisar o humor e o grotesco no contexto ritual paumari vinculando-o a dinâmica de inversões posicionais que estes operam entre o ponto de vista da presa e do predador, como vetor da aniquilação simbólica do poder e à luz de outra figura ritual, a do parasita. Figura que configura ideal parasitário, onde os patrões acabariam acoados em suas posições dominantes, à mercê da captura e do consumo por seus parasitas.  Mas não em um movimento de simples inversão ou anulação de posições, e sim atravessando a relação assimétrica, criando assim uma abertura possível para traçar alguma linha de fuga. Abrindo a possibilidade para que os patrões sejam forçados a assumir a posição de eternos provedores, não só de bens manufaturados, mas de tudo aquilo que se considera indispensável para estar no mundo: parentes, nomes, alimentos, trocas e inimigos.
RISK FACTORS FOR ESTROGEN EXPOSURE IN VARIOUS GRADES OF ENDOMETRIOID CARINOMA
Authors: Hidayati Ma’rifatu Ulfa , Mulawardhana Pungky , Kurniasari Nila
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground: Incidence endometrial cancer in Southeast Asia it is estimated that 41% of new cases emerge. The incidence of endometrial cancer in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital has increased every year. In 2016 there were 119 new cases of endometrial cancer and in 2017 there were 160 cases. 75%-80% is type I endometrial cancer (endometrioid carcinoma). Risk factors for estrogen exposure (early menarche, parity, obesity) are risk factors for endometrial cancer. The prognosis of endometrial cancer depends on the grade. This study aims to determine differences in risk factors for estrogen exposure in various grades of  type I endometrial cancer (endometrioid carcinoma) in the Poli Onkologi Satu Atap Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Methods: the research method was analytic observational with cross-sectional design. Sample size of 40 medical records was taken by total sampling technique. Research variables include age of menarche, parity, BMI, and grade of endometrial cancer. The instrument used was a data collection sheet and medical records. Data analysis using chi-square test. Results: The results showed 52%  patients were grade 1-2, there were 95% of menarche patients in the age range of 12-14 years,  62.5% patients had parity of 1-2 and 52% patients, BMI was underweight-normal category. Test results based on early menarche did not show significant differences between grades 1-2 and grade 3 in endometrioid carcinoma (p = 0.168). Likewise, parity in various grades of endometrial cancer type I (endometrioid carcinoma) there was no significant difference (p = 0.220) and BMI also no significant difference (p = 0.987). Conclusions: risk factors for estrogen exposure which include menarche, parity, obesity do not make a significant differences to the grades of endometrioid carcinoma.
MATERNAL RISK FACTORS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW): SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Lestari Jianti Fina , Etika Risa , Lestari Pudji
Published: September 2021

Abstract Background: Low Birth Weight Babies (LBW) accounts for 60 - 80% of all neonatal deaths in the world. Not the only major predictor of mortality and morbidity in neonates, individuals with a history of LBW have a greater risk of experiencing various diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes later in life. This systematic review study aims to identify maternal risk factors that contributing to LBW Method: Articles published between 2015 - 2020 in the Science Direct, Scopus and Cochrane library databases are systematically reviewed. Eleven articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included as samples for further review. Results regarding maternal risk factors for LBW events are synthesized systematically .Results: From the search results, there were 818 articles, after the screening process, the final results were 11 articles. Risk factors that are significantly related to LBW incidence in the article, are grouped in the subtheme, include: maternal age (<20 years, and each increase in age), parity (primipara and grandemultipara), low maternal upper arm circumference, hemoglobin levels less than 11 gr / dl, gestational age below 37 weeks, and complications during pregnancy. Conclusion: maternal age, parity, arm circumference, hemoglobin level, gestational age, and complications during pregnancy were significaly found to be maternal risk factors for LBW.
Literature Review: Immune System and Its Relation to Depression
Authors: Evilia Wati , Wahyuni Anak Ayu Sri , Aryani Luh Alit
Published: September 2021

It has been shown that the immune system and mental status are interrelated. Psychoneuroimmunology is a field that studies these two relationships, one of the most studied is the relationship between the immune system and depression. Psychological stress can substantially increase inflammatory activity and increase risk for various health problems. Socioal-environmental conditions trigger biological responses that may lead to an increase in the proinflammatory phenotype which is hypothesized to be a key phenomenon driving the pathophysiology and relapse of depression, as well as the overlap of depression with several somatic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic pain, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. The immune system and depression have a bidirectional link that influences each other. Exposure to chronic stressful situations can cause a maladaptive response by the immune system, which will be involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
Implementation of Aerial Panoramic Photography for Environmental Studies Through VR Experiences
Authors: Feng Wei Zhong
Published: September 2021

Technology allows us to experience situations from a different perspective. This project investigated many parts and techniques for better VR experiences. Aerial photography: Aerial photography provides a broad view of the changes in a landscape. However, aerial photography cannot offer a microscopic perspective of the changes with novel panoramas and landscape photos. A parallax compensation algorithm for stitching videos enables the user to reduce the time required to fix stitching issues in post-production. The experiment results indicated that the optimum camera height was 500 m, slightly higher than the clouds. An appropriate number of spatial samples were selected during photography to obtain high-quality images. The researchers avoided restricted flight areas and designed the image acquisition method according to the selected flight path, which were then combined in the post-processing step. Those 360-degree-aerial-images trigger young people's environmental awareness, which enhances the creator's sense of environmental protection.
Exact Solutions and Dynamic Properties of Perturbed Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation Arised From Nano Optical Fibers
Authors: Xin Baoshu
Published: September 2021

The main idea of this paper is to investigate the exact solutions and dynamic properties in optical nanofibers, which is modeled by space-time fractional perturbed nonlinear schr\"odinger equation involving Kerr law nonlinearity with conformal fractional derivative. Firstly, by the complex fractional traveling wave transformation, the traveling wave system of the original equation is obtained, then a conserved quantity, namely the Hamiltonian is constructed, and the qualitative analysis of this system is conducted via this quantity by classifying the equilibrium points. Moreover, the prior estimate of the existence of the soliton and periodic solution is established via the bifurcation method. Furthermore, all exact traveling wave solutions are constructed to illustrate our results explicitly by the complete discrimination system for polynomial method.
A Stochastic Binary Model for Regulation of Gene Expression to Investigate Treatment Effects Targeting RKIP
Authors: Giovanini Guilherme , Barros Luciana Rodrigues Carvalho , Gama Leonardo dos Reis , Tortelli Junior Tharcisio Citrangulo , Ramos Alexandre Ferreira
Published: September 2021

In this manuscript we use an exactly solvable stochastic binary model for regulation of gene expression to analyse the dynamics of response to a treatment aiming to modulate the number of transcripts of RKIP gene. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method simulating three treatment scenarios aiming to reestablish RKIP gene expression dynamics towards pre-cancerous state: i. to increase the promoter’s ON state duration; ii. to increase the mRNAs’ synthesis rate; iii. to increase both rates. We show that the pre-treatment kinetic rates of ON and OFF promoter switching speeds and mRNA synthesis and degradation will affect the heterogeneity and time for treatment response. Hence, we present a strategy for reducing drug dosage by simultaneously targeting multiple kinetic rates. That enables a reduction of treatment response time and heterogeneity which in principle diminishes the chances of emergence of resistance to treatment. This approach may be useful for inferring kinetic constants related to expression of antimetastatic genes or oncogenes and on the design of multi-drug therapeutic strategies targeting master regulatory genes.
An Array Multi-Physics Acquisition System with Focus on Reservoir Monitoring
Authors: Strack Kurt Martin , Paembonan Andri Yadi , Davydycheva Sofia N. , Hanstein Tilman , Smirnov Maxim Y
Published: September 2021

Focusing geophysics to improve recovery factor of hydrocarbon reservoirs adds value and contributes toward ZERO carbon footprint by increasing the recovery factor by of 30-40 % and thus reducing the cost/carbon emission per produced barrel. Thus, the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) market is expected to grow more than 3.5% annually. This will be even more fueled by the Green-House-Gas (GHG) reduction and subsequent CO2 injection into the reservoirs as they are being produced. Presently, geophysics only ac-counts for a small percentage of this market, thus its growth is inevitable since more deterministic observation lead higher operating efficiency. Imaging the fluids (hydro-carbon, water, and CO2) is a key component to optimized production and injection. We designed a novel electromagnetic (EM) acquisition system that combines mul-ti-physics fluid imaging and acquires surface and borehole data with high fidelity. Borehole calibration is needed to upscale reservoir data and parameters to measurement scale. Multiple electromagnetic methods are used as well as microseismics in one layout for Exploration and Production (E & P) problems. Multi-components in electromagnetics allows resolving oil and water-bearing zones equally well while achieving the best ac-curacy suitable for repeat measurements. Because sedimentary basins are intrinsically anisotropic, considering 3-dimensional anisotropy is essential from measurement and 3D modeling viewpoint. Thus, the results have the better subsurface images. Here, we combine hardware design, methodology, 3D modeling, processing, and interpretations into an integrated technology and demonstrate the success with verifiable case histories.
A Practical Approach for Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, the Gold Standard in Microbiological Diagnosis
Authors: Mosolygó Tímea , Laczi Krisztián , Spengler Gabriella , Burián Katalin
Published: September 2021

From gene expression studies to identifying microbes quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is widely used in research and medical diagnostics. In transmittable diseases like the Ebola outbreak in West Africa (2014-2016), or the present SARS-CoV2 pandemic qPCR plays a key role in the detection of infected patients. Although the technique itself is decades old with reliable approaches (eg. TaqMan essay) in the diagnosis of pathogens many people showed distrust in it during the SARS-CoV2 outbreak. This came mainly from not understanding or misunderstanding the principles of qPCR. This situation motivated us to design a simple laboratory practical class, in which students have opportunities to understand the underlying principles of qPCR and its advantages in microbiological diagnosis. Moreover, during the exercise, students can develop skills such as handling experimental assays, and the ability to solve problems, discuss their observations. Finally, this activity brings them closer to the clinical practice and they can see the impact of the science on real life. The class is addressed to undergraduate students of biological sciences.
Higher Dimensional Bianchi Type-III String Cosmological Models in Lyra Geometry
Authors: Singh Kangujam Priyokumar , Baro Jiten , Meitei Asem Jotin , Devi S. Romaleima
Published: September 2021

Here we studied Bianchi type-III string cosmological models generated by means of a cloud of strings with particles connected to them in the framework of Lyra geometry considering five-dimensional space-time. To obtain the exact solutions of field equations we consider that the shear scalar and the scalar expansion are proportional, σ∞θ which leads to D=cn and secondly we adopt the assumption considering the Reddy String Condition, ρ+λ=0. From the two different cases obtained here, first case leads to the Bianchi type-III string cosmological model in Lyra geometry in five-dimensional space-time and the second case leads to the five-dimensional vacuum universe in general relativity. The Geometrical and physical properties of the model universe are studied comparing with the present day’s observational findings. The model universe obtained here starts with the big bang and as time progresses both particle density ρp and energy density ρ decreases with expansion of our Universe.
Microfluidic Lab-On-a-Chip based on UHF-Dielectrophoresis for Stemness Phenotype Characterization and Discrimination among Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Lambert Elisa , Manczak Rémi , Barthout Elodie , Saada Sofiane , Porcù Elena , Maule Francesca , BESSETTE Barbara , Viola Giampietro , Persano Luca , DALMAY Claire , Lalloué Fabrice , POTHIER Arnaud
Published: September 2021

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive solid tumors, particularly due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Today the characterization of this type of cells with an efficient, fast and low-cost method remains an issue. Hence, we have developed a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip based on dielectrophoresis (DEP) single cell electro-manipulation to measure the two crossover frequencies: fx01 in low frequency range (below 500 kHz) and fx02 in Ultra High Frequency range (UHF, above 50 MHz). First, in vitro conditions were investigated. U87-MG cell lines were cultured in different conditions in order to induce an undifferentiated phenotype. Then, ex vivo GBM cells from patients’ primary cell culture, were passed through the developed microfluidic system and characterized in order to reflect clinical conditions. This article demonstrates that the usual exploitation of low frequency range DEP does not allow the discrimination of the undifferentiated from the differentiated phenotypes of GBM cells. However, the presented study highlights the use of UHF-DEP as a relevant discriminant parameter. The proposed microfluidic lab-on-a-chip is able to follow the kinetic of U87-MG phenotype transformation in a CSC enrichment medium and their cancer stem cells phenotype acquirement.
Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy with Cisplatin Versus Sorafenib for Intrahepatic Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Zaizen Yuki , Nakano Masahito , Fukumori Kazuta , Yano Yoichi , Takaki Kota , Niizeki Takashi , Kuwaki Kotaro , Fukahori Masaru , Sakaue Takahiko , Yoshimura Sohei , Nakazaki Mika , Kuromatsu Ryoko , Okamura Shusuke , Iwamoto Hideki , Shimose Shigeo , Shirono Tomotake , Noda Yu , Kamachi Naoki , Koga Hironori , Torimura Takuji
Published: September 2021

Given that the outcome of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with cisplatin for intrahepatic advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear, we aimed to compare prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) following HAIC with cisplatin versus sorafenib for intrahepatic advanced HCC using propensity score-matched analysis. We enrolled 348 patients with intrahepatic advanced HCC who received HAIC with cisplatin (n = 97) or sorafenib (n = 251) between June 2006 and March 2020. No significant difference was observed in OS between HAIC with cisplatin and sorafenib cohorts (median survival time [MST]: 13.9 vs. 12.7 months; p = 0.0989). To reduce confounding effects, 176 patients were selected using propensity score-matched analysis (n = 88 for each treatment). HAIC with cisplatin significantly prolonged OS compared with sorafenib (MST: 16.2 vs. 12.2 months; p = 0.0060). Following stratification according to the Child–Pugh classification, for both patients with class A (MST: 24.0 vs. 15.6 months; p = 0.0097) and class B (MST: 8.5 vs. 6.9 months; p = 0.0391), HAIC with cisplatin rather than sorafenib significantly prolonged OS. Our findings suggest that HAIC with cisplatin demonstrates longer prognostic effects than sorafenib in intrahepatic advanced HCC, regardless of the hepatic reserve.
mRNA Transcriptomic Profiling of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells HepG2 Treated with Catharanthus roseus-Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Azhar Nur Asna , Abu Bakar Siti Aishah , Citartan Marimuthu , Ahmad Nor Hazwani
Published: September 2021

Background: The demand in the development of cancer nanomedicine has increased due to various limitations in conventional cancer therapy. This study assessed the mRNA transcriptomic profiling of human HepG2 cells exposed to C. roseus-AgNPs. Methods: The proliferative activity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and normal human liver (THLE3) cells treated with C. roseus‑AgNPs were measured using MTT assay. The RNA samples were extracted and sequenced using BGIseq500 platform. This is followed by data filtering, mapping, gene expression analysis, DEG analysis, GO analysis, and pathway analysis. Results: The mean IC50 values of C. roseus‑AgNPs on HepG2 was 4.38±1.59 µg/mL while on THLE3 cells was 800±1.55 µg/mL. Transciptomic profiling revealed an alteration of 296 genes. C. roseus‑AgNPs induced the expression of stress-associated genes such as MT, HSP and HMOX-1. Cellular signaling pathways were potentially activated through MAPK, TNF and TGF pathways that responsible for apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The alteration of ARF6, EHD2, FGFR3, RhoA, EEA1, VPS28, VPS25, TSG101 indicated the uptake of C. roseus-AgNPs via both clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis. Conclusions: This study provides the new insights on gene expression study of biosynthesized AgNPs on cancer cells. The cytotoxicity effect is mediated by the aberrant gene alteration, and more interestingly the unique selective antiproliferative properties indicates the C. roseus‑AgNPs as an ideal anticancer candidate.
Cancer: More Than a Geneticist’s Pandora’s Box
Authors: Saxena Kritika , Subbalakshmi Ayalur Raghu , Kulkarni Prakash , Jolly Mohit Kumar
Published: September 2021

Despite identical genetic constitution, a cancer cell population can exhibit phenotypic variations termed as non-genetic/non-mutational heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity – a ubiquitous nature of biological systems – has been implicated in metastasis, therapy resistance and tumour relapse. Here, we review the evidence for existence, sources and implications of non-genetic heterogeneity in multiple cancer types. Stochasticity/ noise in transcription, protein conformation and/or external microenvironment can underlie such heterogeneity. Moreover, the existence of multiple possible cell states (phenotypes) as a consequence of the emergent dynamics of gene regulatory networks may enable reversible cell-state transitions (phenotypic plasticity) that can facilitate adaptive drug resistance and higher metastatic fitness. Finally, we highlight how computational and mathematical models can drive a better understanding of non-genetic heterogeneity and how a systems-level approach integrating mathematical modelling and in vitro/in vivo experiments can map the diverse phenotypic repertoire, and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities of an otherwise clonal cell population.
The Association between Fast Food Outlets and Overweight in Adolescents Is Confounded by Neighbourhood Deprivation: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Green Mark , Hobbs Matt , Ding Ding , Widener Michael , Murray John , Reece Lindsay , Singleton Alex
Published: September 2021

The aim of our study is to utilise longitudinal and representative national data to explore the extent that the association between the fast food environment and overweight in adolescents is confounded by neighbourhood deprivation. Longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study for England were obtained for waves 5 (ages 11/12; 2011/12; n=13,469) and 6 (ages 14/15; 2014/15; n=11,884). Our outcome variable was overweight/obesity defined using age and sex-specific International Obesity Task Force cut points. Individuals were linked, based on their residential location, to data on the density of fast food outlets and neighbourhood deprivation. Structural Equation Models were used to model associations at both ages and explicitly test for confounding. While we found some evidence for an association between the number of fast food outlets and overweight, any associations disappeared following accounting for the confounding nature of neighbourhood deprivation. Neighbourhood deprivation was consistently associated to overweight, with adolescents who resided in deprived areas more likely to be overweight. Results were largely consistent depending on different methodological decisions. Our findings suggest that policy efforts should prioritise focusing on tackling the social determinants of excess body mass which will be more effective than interventions aimed at the built environment.
Vector Potential, Magnetic Field, Mutual Inductance, Magnetic Force, Torque and Stiffness Calculation between Current-Carrying Arc Segments with Inclined Axes in Air
Authors: Babic Slobodan
Published: September 2021

In this paper we give the improved and new analytical and semi-analytical expression for calcu-lating the magnetic vector potential, magnetic field, magnetic force, mutual inductance, torque, and stiffness between two inclined current-carrying arc segments in air. The expressions are ob-tained either in the analytical form over the incomplete elliptic integrals of the first and the sec-ond time or by the single numerical integration of some elliptical integrals of the first and the second kind. The validity of the presented formulas is proved from the special cases when the inclined circular loops are treated. We mention that all formulas are obtain by the integral ap-proach except the stiffness which is found by the derivative of the magnetic force.
How Senescent Glia Drive And Underlie Alzheimer’s Disease: A Predictive Model
Authors: Lau Victor , Ramer Leanne , Tremblay Marie-Ève
Published: September 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) predominantly occurs as a late-onset form (LOAD), involving neurodegeneration and cognitive decline with progressive memory loss. Over time, risk factors and aging promote accumulation of well-known AD hallmarks in oxidative stress, amyloid-beta and tau protein pathology, as well as inflammation. Homeostatic glial functions regulate and suppress these AD hallmarks; however, other glial states involve increased pro-inflammatory cytokine release and further hallmark accumulation. Different stresses can additionally induce cellular senescence, or an irreversible differentiation process resulting in decreased supportive functions and increased, pro-inflammatory cytokine release. While these pathophysiological underpinnings all contribute to LOAD, they require temporal and mechanistic integration. This Perspective proposes that traditional AD hallmarks induce glial senescence in LOAD, where sufficient senescent glia exacerbate ongoing AD pathology and primarily drive LOAD into clinical, cognitive decline. We first explore age-related increases in pro-inflammatory glial activity, and then discuss emerging evidence linking oxidative stress, neurons containing tau pathology, and amyloid-beta to microglia, oligodendrocyte progenitor, and astrocyte senescence. Our evidence-based model mainly predicts that senescent astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitors together pressure microglia to phagocytose neurons containing tau pathology, where resulting senescent microglia create neuritic plaques and induce paracrine senescence transitioning into and progressing clinical, dementia presentation. This predictive model accounts for why medications used to treat LOAD fail, as previous treatments have not reduced senescent glial burden. It is also coherent with the predominant hypotheses surrounding LOAD involving the amyloid cascade, tau, glia and inflammation, creates testable hypotheses about LOAD, and increases rationale in testing senolytics as targeted treatments for LOAD arrest and reversal.
Risk Perception, Perception of Collective Efficacy and Sleep Quality in Chinese Adults During COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lin Shiang-Yi , Chung Kevin Kien Hoa
Published: September 2021

Background: Only few studies have studied the link between risk perception and sleep in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the effect of two distinct risk appraisals—risk perception and perception of collective coordinated defense (PCCD) on Chinese adults’ sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic, and tested COVID-19-related fear and rumination as potential mediators of the relationships. Methods: Data were collected using a self-report online questionnaire from a sample of 224 Chinese adults during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. Results: COVID-19 risk perception and PCCD were related to poor sleep quality. Mediation analysis showed that both fear and rumination mediated the relationship between risk perception and sleep quality, whereas only fear mediated the relationship between PCCD and sleep quality. The model showed an excellent fit to the data and accounted for 44% of the variance in sleep quality in Chinese adults. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the distinct perceptual processes—risk appraisals in particular—contributed to poor sleep quality in Chinese adults during the COVID-19 public emergencies. These findings would be helpful for policy makers to address the sleep problems induced by psychological consequences of the pandemic.
The Influence Of Celebrity Endorser Toward Emotional Attachment And Brand Trust That Impact To Purchase Intention
Authors: Ursula Natalia  , Mohamad Rizan  , Rahmi
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of celebrity endorser on purchase intention with emotional attachment and brand trust as an intervention. This study uses a survey method as a data technique using a questionnaire that is distributed by online. The sample used in this study are 210 women who had never used ESQA Cosmetics in Jabodetabek. This study is using a purposive sampling technique. The SEM (Structural Equation Model) method that will be used in this research is using data processing tools, namely SPSS version 24 and Lisrel. The findings indicates that 1) celebrity endorser has a positive and significant influence on emotional attachment, 2) celebrity endorser has a positive and significant influence on consumer purchase intentions, 3) emotional attachment has a positive and significant influence on consumer purchase intentions, 4) brand trust has a positive and significant influence on consumer purchase intentions, 5) celebrity endorser has a positive and significant influence on consumer purchase intentions.

Keywords : Celebrity Endorser, Emotional Attachment, Brand Trust, Purchase Intention, ESQA Cosmetics.
The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Work Engagement Through Job Crafting (Study At General Division Employees Of Bank Jatim Head Office Surabaya)
Authors: Alfatekha W Lady Oktafia , Budiono
Published: September 2021

Bank Jatim or PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Timur Tbk , on august 17, 1961 Bank Jatiwas establised in Surabaya. as a BUMD, Bank Jatim is the largest bank in East Java. The goal of this research is to examine and analyze the impact of employee’s perceived organizational support on work engagement through job crafting at the General Division in Bank Jatim Surabaya. This study is a causal research of quantitative approach. A total of 56 respondent are used for the sampling technique. With the support of SmartPLS v.3.6.2 software, the statistical analysis used in this research is Partial Least Square (PLS). The analysis outcomes indicate that perceived organizational support has a significant positive effect on work engagement, perceived organizational support has a significant positive effect on job crafting, job crafting has a significant positive effect on work engagement, and job crafting has successfully mediated the effect of perceived organizational support on work engagement.
Surface Tubing Temperature Transducers Reduce Damage to Downhole Equipment Following a Downhole Gauge Failure
Authors: Zihlmann Livia , Parker Mike , Malsam Luke
Published: September 2021

Downhole sensors gather vital data for the health of an ESP system. Not only do the sensor readings help indicate the flow pattern; they also help indicate further issues such as plugging and degradation of the ESP system. Once a system has grounded on a single phase, sensor readings are lost, and operators must rely on current and frequency for the system to operate efficiently. In unconventional applications of ESP, operators see a small difference between no load, no flow and gas locking conditions. This small difference is due to the de-rating of motors used in order to get the fluid to surface in the severe applications. When the sensor readings typically are lost, operators are no longer able to accurately diagnose the reason for a shutdown. Adding the Tubing Temperature Transducers (TTT's) helps regain an indication of motor temperature along with load on the system. When operators have a drop in the tubing temperature this indicates the system is not able to get as much fluid to surface either indicating gas locking or a no-load condition which results in heating of the downhole system, particularly the motor. All these possible scenarios cause degradation of the ESP equipment and can cause pre-mature failure. If the system is set up with TTT's operators can shut-in the well to avoid extended periods of excessive heating caused by either gas locking or no flow conditions. Single phase to ground conditions occur frequently, however this paper does not address the root cause of a single-phase grounds, rather it addresses what the operator can do to operate efficiently when a unit has grounded out a single phase.
Reliability of Electric Submersible Pumps ESP & Determination of Weibull Parameters for Failure Characterization, Ecuador Case Study
Authors: Ayala Diego , Padilla Wilson , Carrera Luis
Published: September 2021

The current research focuses on data modeling of ESP (Electric Submersible Pumps) reliability by obtaining, through mathematical calculations, the parameters that define the Weibull shape (β), scale (ɳ) and location (ϒ) parameters. The scale parameter ɳ is the characteristic life at which 63.2% of the population has failed. These parameters can be helpful in characterizing failure behavior and the ESP system run life. This research stemed from the need to better understand failure behavior to improve maintenance program design and enhance equipment reliability.160 wells from four fields (7-21, 56, 57) of the Ecuadorian Oriente basin were analyzed.

Well selection considered only the mechanic failures and excluded other type of failures leaving aside the ESP failures caused by operative issues (reservoir, completions, workover, redesign, zone change). Three mathematical tools were applied to determine the Weibull parameters more accurately.

Another type of analysis could have limited this research since the normal distribution shows limitations with asymmetric data, and the exponential distribution assumes a fixed failure rate, but the ESP failure behavior is asymmetric and the failure rate is variable through time due to factors such as wear and also infant failures (e.g. installation errors). For these reasons, Weibull distribution is the best option because it fits asymmetric data better and it has a variable failure rate.

Determining the value of the Weibull parameters can assist in answering questions such as: what percentage of failures is expected to occur in time? How many failures can be expected before the warranty period? When should regular maintenance be scheduled? Ultimately, Weibull parameters are the basis of any future reliability analysis.

The Weibull parameters obtained in this study can be applied for future ESP reliability analyzes that are being operated in any field in the Oriente Basin of Ecuador.

From the research, two relevant findings were foundThere are a significant number of failures in the initial stage of operation of the pumps,, which could be associated with the installation of the equipment, and the failure risk is drastically reduced in the equipment that reaches life time similar to the characteristic life (ɳ)and pumps that operate without failure to a time similar to characteristic life (ɳ) continue to follow this trend throughout their operating life. Initial stage failures are presumed to be associated with unanticipated conditions: solid binding, design errors, defective equipment, or assembly of equipment with reused and new parts.

The performance of the ESP affects the productivity of the wells and therefore will influence decision-making to develop a field. The reliability of the ESP systems can favor the productivity of a field when the equipment works within its efficiency range without showing recurrent failures. This significantly improves field production costs and profitability.
Brazil Deepwater BC-10 ESP Operation without Downhole ESP Gauges
Authors: Barrios Lissett , Debacker Igor , Rivera Robert , Basilio Mariana , Liney David
Published: September 2021

The paper reports on the integrated approach for the Brazil Deepwater BC-10 Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) Operation without Downhole ESP gauges to safety operate the system and surveillance on light to heavy viscosity fluids and two phases, liquid – gas flow. The Electrical Submersible Pumping (ESP) system uses in Brazil are multistage centrifugal pumps for high rate and high boost applications inside a vessel system (caisson) powered with Pressure and Temperature gauges in each caisson, Venturi flowmeter at the discharge of the pump and a Motor POD located at the bottom of the motor that provides internal motor winding temperature (MWT), ESP vibration and Motor External Pressure for safety operation and to help predict ESP performance.

To operate Brazil ESP systems without downhole gauges, an integrated analysis was performed to understand the more important and minimum acceptable variables required to operate the system, substitutions for the essential gauges and bypassed for non-critical gauges for ESP operations. Extended study and analysis were performed to cover in detail each of the alarms to allow running the ESP but maintaining the capacity to protect the system which will be the focus for this paper. All possible scenarios were considering and modelled for TRIP alarms such as out of range MWT, vibration, boost pressure, flow, pressure and temperature at the discharge to ensure capability functions for the critical variables were still available for the safety operation of the system. Low/High flow is a condition that may lead to ESP performance problems, in case of prolonged operation, a correlation from Gasmer Testing (1) based on ESP Boost and VFD current is proposed to calculate pump flowrate for safety operation to avoid ESP failures.

The main technical contributions of this work are the detail approach, modeling and analysis for safety field operation without downhole gauges for predicting pump and motor performance. This study determines the minimum number of acceptance variables required and substitutions, as well variables that can be bypasses for non-critical gauges for ESP operations.
Defining a New Era for Induction Motors
Authors: Escobar Katherine , Radov Maxim , Vasilache Cristina
Published: September 2021

Induction motors have been widely used in the ESP industry for decades. Motor operation, control, and optimization are well-understood topics among providers and final consumers, who strive to get the most efficient electrical machine in the well to reduce power consumption and, consequently, operating expenses.

This paper presents a case study for a newly redesigned induction motor and changes made in its design and construction. A field trial of two wells deployed with the new motor and a comparison with a well deployed with the standard motor are described. Field and simulated data are used to analyze the electrical performance and power consumption. The test results included are from wells in the US Rocky Mountains. Additionally, some of the motors in this test were manufactured with a high-performance thermally conductive and electrically insulative windings encapsulation, which is further discussed in the paper.

The increased efficiency was achieved through an optimized electromagnetic design that helped to reduce the motor total losses. Efficiency gains were measured against standard motor design through laboratory testing, and the result showed 2.2 to 2.5% higher efficiency for the newly developed motor. With the higher power density, the motor length was shortened from 20 to 25% during the field trials, reducing the total length of the string. In addition to the optimization of motor length, the newly redesigned motor generates a lower core temperature when compared to a previous motor of the same length and subjected to the same load. This fact allows the motor to be loaded up to 25% above its nameplate rating, improving the horsepower rating and opening a new era for highly flexible induction motors.

The gathered results showed that the newly redesigned motor provides higher efficiency and lower total electrical power consumption compared to the standard induction motor that would have been used in those applications. Both results were evidenced in controlled laboratory testing and field trials. A further comparison of similar ESP equipment configuration running with former motor versions is also provided, as well as design comparison cases between the expected results of the previous and the newly designed motor.
Digitalization Creates the Big Picture of Integrated ESP Optimization in Shushufindi Field
Authors: Maulidani Oki , Bonilla Christian , Paredes Monica , Escalona Pedro , Villalobos Jorge , Bravo Luciano , Estevez Diego , Pineda Alexander , Chicango Edgar , Ramos Geovanny , Alabuela Luis , Guaman Juan
Published: September 2021

Electrical submersible pump (ESP) is the main artificial lift system in Shushufindi field. These systems besides facing high gas production, high scale and corrosion tendencies, also have to deal with surface fluid handling and electrical power limitations which combined impose challenges to optimize the ESP system. In perspective, the digitalization initiative has been key to integrate data in order to have a big picture of the actual field condition and ultimately to enhance oil production.

Various dashboards have been created using the business intelligence tool to provide real time information. ESP dashboard shows opportunities to optimize the ESP unit by integrating real time and manual entry data to optimize frequency, surface equipment, opportunities for pump upsizing, and re-designing the ESP downhole equipment. The result of this analysis is derived from ESP simulation, nodal analysis, chemical treatment monitoring and real time surveillance of the ESP parameters. Dashboards of water handling, electrical power, and chemical treatment are utilized to support process analysis providing current field status, with also the feedback from operational and engineering recommendations.

Comprehensive real time monitoring resulted in average of 500 bopd less production deferment in the last 12 months as the result of early detection and a proper operational optimization (chemical treatment, gas flaring, and choke optimization) of the unstable wells. Strategic decisions have been executed to ensure the availability of water handling capacity and electrical power for each production station such as stimulating disposal wells, cleaning injection flowlines, and repairing power generations. Up to 3,000 bopd total incremental has been generated in the last 12 months as the result of 17 upsizing operations, optimizing frequency in 68 wells, and optimizing surface equipment in 35 wells. The associated mean time between failures (MTBF) of ESP system has increased over the time from 224 days in 2013 to 674 days in 2020.

Digitalization is a game changer for optimizing the oilfield production and to reduce associated operation risks from features as of real time surveillance, EDGE computing, remote actuation, and big data intelligence. This paper will elaborate in detail on how digitalization can be valuable in optimizing ESP system with a successful case study in Shushufindi field.