bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENYAKIT EMBUN TEPUNG DAN CARA PENGENDALIANNYA PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI DAN KACANG HIJAU
Authors: Sumartini Sumartini , Rahayu Mudji
Published: March 2018

Powdery mildew disease is caused by Erysiphae diffusa (Cook and Peck) fungi on soybeans and E. polygoni (DC Sawada) on mungbean. Both diseases are an important disease because of their widely spread and high yield loss, reaching 35% in soybeans and 26% in mungbean. In Indonesia, the disease occurs in central areas of soybean production and mungbean. The spread of the disease includes Asia, the United States of America , and Brazil. The symptoms of powdery mildew are easily recognizable in the presence of white flour on the top surface of the leaves. The intensity of powdery mildew is usually high in the dry season, when the temperature is cold in the morning and much mildew conditions around the plant. This situation will interfere with the process of photosynthesis and transpiration. In addition, Erysiphe’s haustorium absorbs plant nutrients that will interfere with some metabolic functions and processes. Control of powdery mildew will suppress the loss of grain bean and results nationally supports the availability of soybean and mungbean. Recommended control measures are spraying with plant materials (extracts of neem seeds, tea compost, cow´s whole milk, essential oil of citronella, lemongrass, eucalyptus, cinnamon, and tea tree) on the incidence of powdery mildew disease on soybean and the use of Vima1 varieties for control of powdery mildew disease on mungbean.

Keywords: Soybean, mungbean, powdery mildew, control

 

Abstrak

Penyakit embun tepung disebabkan oleh cendawan Erysiphae diffusa (Cook and Peck) pada tanaman kedelai dan E. polygoni (DC Sawada) pada kacang hijau. Penyebaran penyakit penting ini menyebabkan kehilangan hasil mencapai 35% pada kedelai dan 26% pada kacang hijau. Di Indonesia, penyakit ini terjadi di sentra produksi kedelai dan kacang hijau. Di luar negeri, penyebaran penyakit embun tepung meliputi Asia, Amerika Serikat, dan Brazil. Intensitas penyakit biasanya tinggi pada musim kemarau, pada saat suhu dingin di pagi hari dan kondisi berembun di sekitar pertanaman. Gejala penyakit embun tepung mudah dikenali dengan ciri seperti tepung di permukaan atas daun. Hal ini dapat mengganggu proses fotosintesis dan transpirasi. Selain itu, haustorium Erysiphe menyerap nutrisi tanaman sehingga mengganggu beberapa fungsi dan proses metabolisme. Penyakit embun tepung perlu dikendalikan untuk menekan kehilangan hasil kedelai dan kacang hijau. Cara pengendalian yang disarankan adalah penyemprotan dengan bahan nabati (ekstrak biji mimba, kompos teh, susu sapi, minyak dari citronella, lemongrass, eucalyptus, cinnamon, dan tanaman teh) pada kedelai dan penggunaan varietas tahan Vima-1 pada kacang hijau.

Kata Kunci: Kedelai, kacang hijau, penyakit embun tepung, pengendalian

 
Qanun Aceh No 14 Tahun 2003 Tentang Khalwat Dalam Pandangan Fik{ih dan KUHP
Authors: Berutu Ali Geno
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Interdiction of khalwat (seclusion) is the early prevention of fornication, because it is basically starts from the things that lead to it. The establishment of Qanun No. 14 of 2003 on khalwat (seclusion) as Qanun in jinayat in the early application of Islamic law in Aceh is not without reason, that selection has at least two reasons. The first reason, khalwat (seclusion) is the one form of immoral deed (haram) in Islamic law and very disturbing on society. The second reason, there is euphoria on society in the form of "people's justice" to this Qanun in jinayat. Therefore in order to avoid any vigilante among society in Aceh, Aceh Government established Qanun No. 14 of 2003 to anticipate any chaos among society in Aceh. Abstrak: Larangan khalwat merupakan pencegahan dini terhadap perbuatan zina karena perbuatan zina pada dasarnya dimulai dari hal-hal yang mengarah kepadanya. Pengesahan Qanun No 14 Tahun 2003 tentang Khalwat pada awal penerapan syariat Islam di Aceh sebagai qanun dalam bidang jina>ya>t bukannya tanpa alasan, pemilihan qanun tersebut sekurang-kurangnya memiliki dua alasan. Alasan yang pertama, perbuatan khalwat mmerupakan bentuk maksiat (haram) dalam syariat Islam dan sangat meresahkan masyarakat namun belum tertangani dengan baik. Kedua, adanya euforia di dalam lapisan masyarakat dalam bentuk “peradilan rakyat” terhadap jenis yang diatur dalam qanun jina>ya>t ini, guna untuk menghindari main hakim sendiri ditengah-tengah masyarakat, maka Pemerintah Aceh mengesahkan Qanun No 14 Tahun 2003 sebagai bentuk antisipasi terhadap berbagai kekacauan di lapisan masyarakat Aceh.
Rekontruksi Hukum Waris Islam: Makna Kala>lah David S. Power
Authors: Hidayati Niswatul
Published: March 2018

Abstract: As a scholar who concerns in Islamic Law especially in Islamic inheritance law, David S. Power believes that Islamic inheritance was formed in the midle age era. According to him, Islamic inheritance law recently is very different from what Moslem has at the time of Prophet Muhammad, which is called by him as the beginning-Islamic inheritance law. This article tries to discuss the idea of David S Power about Islamic inheritance law. The first, form of the beginning-Islamic inheritance law consist of testamentair inheritance and ab intestato inheritance as the original form of command of al-Qur'an before these changes into ‘ilm al-fara’id according to David. The second, after he reconstructs by tracing the history from riwayat and by using linguistic to investigate, he finds that the meaning of kalalah that develops recently is diferent from the real meaning especially in reading and understanding the word yuritsu, imra’atan, and yus’i that mentioned in al-Qur'an in Surah an-Nisa, verse 12. This basically changed the meaning of kalalah.    Abstrak: David S.Power sebagai sarjana Barat pengkaji hukum Islam, salah satunya hukum waris Islam, percaya bahwa hukum waris Islam yang dianggap mapan oleh masyarakat Muslim hingga saat ini adalah sesuatu yang baru terbentuk pada abad pertengahan. Hukum waris Islam saat ini jauh berbeda dengan hukum waris yang hidup pada masa Nabi Muhammad SAW, yang ia sebut dengan hukum waris purwa-Islam. Artikel ini mencoba membahas kontruksi gagasan David S.Power mengenai hukum waris Islam, yaitu: pertama, bentuk hukum waris purwa-Islam yang terdiri dari kewarisan testamentair (penunjukan ahli waris/berwasiat) dan kewarisan ab intestato (meninggal dalam keadaan tidak membuat surat wasiat) yang menurut David adalah bentuk asli dari perintah al-Qur’an, sebelum berubah menjadi ‘ilm al- fara>’id  yang mapan. Kedua, rekontruksinya melalui penelusuran riwayat dan dengan alat bantu linguistik, ia menemukan bahwa arti kala>lah yang berkembang hingga detik ini jauh berbeda dari makna aslinya, terutama terhadap pembacaan kata yu>ritsu, imra’atan dan yu>s}i> dalam Q.S an-Nisa ayat 12, yang berakibat pada perubahan secara mendasar makna kala>lah.
Pengembangan Aktualisasi Diri Peserta Didik Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Lulusan di Pondok Pesantren Al-Iman Putra Ponorogo
Authors: Nurhadi Nurhadi
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This study aims to explain the program of self-actualization development of learners in improving the quality of graduates in al-Iman Male Boarding School Ponorogo. The approach used in this study was a qualitative approach and the design was case study. The results concluded: (1) self-actualization development program consists of two forms, namely structured / fixed and temporary programs. Both forms of the program are in terms of fostering the spirit of learning through existing programs, developing the ability to be leaders and improving the ability to interact with human beings. Self-actualization is influenced by internal and external factors. (2) Vision, mission and goals are the motors of self-actualization development program. In achieving the vision, mission and purpose of al-Iman Male Boarding School Ponorogo has some guidelines, including al-Qur'an, panca soul. (3) The implications of the program of self-actualization development of students in improving the quality of graduates are: (a) create various achievements, (b) graduates of al-Iman Male Boarding School obtain good response from various institutions and society, (c) graduates of al-Iman Male Boarding School Ponorogo can be enrolled in various local and international universities.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan program pengembangan aktualisasi diri peserta didik dalam meningkatkan mutu lulusan di Pondok Pesantren al-Iman  Putra Ponorogo. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitiannya adalah studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan: (1) program pengembangan aktualisasi diri terdiri dari dua bentuk yaitu terstruktur/tetap dan temporer. Kedua bentuk program tersebut mencangkup tiga hal yaitu: menumbuhkan semangat belajar kepada peserta didik melalui program-program yang ada, menumbuhkembangkan kemampuan menjadi pemimpin dan menumbuhkan kemampuan berinteraksi sesama manusia. Aktualisasi diri dipengaruhi oleh faktor intern dan ekstern. (2) Visi, misi dan tujuan merupakan penggerak program pengembangan aktualisasi diri. Dalam merealisasikan visi, misi dan tujuan Pondok Pesantren al-Iman   Putra Ponorogo mempunyai beberapa pedoman, diantaranya al-Qur’an, panca jiwa. (3) Implikasi program pengembangan aktualisasi diri peserta didik dalam meningkatkan mutu lulusan yaitu: (a) menghasilkan dengan berbagai macam prestasi, (b) lulusan Pondok Pesantren al-Iman  Putra mendapatkan tanggapan baik dari berbagai lembaga dan masyarakat, (c) lulusan Pondok Pesantren al-Iman  Putra bisa diterima di berbagai perguruan tinggi baik dalam negeri maupun luar negeri
Swellable Packer Evaluation Using Multi-Detector Pulsed Neutron Logging and Borax
Authors: Cedillo Gerardo , Zett Adrian , Han Xiaogang , Elghonimy Rana , Raeesi Behrooz , Itter David , Hecker Dodie , Landi Nancy
Published: March 2018

Swellable packer evaluation has become a critical component of Greater Prudhoe Bay (GPB) well design, surveillance and diagnostic strategy. Currently in the field there are several wells constructed with cementless completions with over 500 water or oil swellable packers across three different reservoirs. Several early gas or water breakouts have been documented since these types of completions have been deployed and the need for an accurate diagnostic technique to distinguish between a reservoir phenomenon or a completion failure motivated this work.

The borax evaluation technique historically has been successfully used in oil fields on the North Slope of Alaska to detect fluid channeling mainly in horizontal cemented and perforated wells. This technique however, was never used to evaluate swellable packers in horizontal cementless completions. Even when the same multi-detector pulsed neutron (MDPN) instrument could be used in real time or memory conveyance to evaluate either one, there are fundamental differences in how these cementless completions are designed and evaluated compared to the cemented and perforated ones. Ignoring those differences could lead to the wrong nuclear attribute selection and incorrect interpretations, diagnostics and remediation strategies.

The objective of this paper is to describe the nuclear modelling performed, the wellsite procedures used, the interpretation workflow, and the results of evaluations of these completions.
A Comparison of Instrumented and Surface-Controllable Rotary Honing and Brushing for Well Intervention
Authors: Dresel M. , Schulz J. , Mennem R. C.
Published: March 2018

Instrumentation and surface control improve the success rates and efficiency of wireline rotary brushing and honing. Data based operational planning and real-time data feedback allow for efficient operations with measurable outcomes. This paper compares two types of instrumented, wireline-powered rotary cleaning assemblies by assessing their performance, cleaning efficiency, operational factors, and real-time logging outputs.

Basic rotary brushing physics along with characterization curves of the systems explain the relationship between operational factors including rotational speed, torque, and downhole power requirements. Models of the operational factors were created so that preoperational planning and real-time data interpretation can be used to verify intervention objectives.
Case Study of a Complex, Heavy-Duty, High-Pressure Fishing Job Using Wireline, Slick Line and Coiled Tubing Intervention
Authors: Harris Anthony , Zbitowsky Ron , Dughaither Abdullah , Webber Lionel , Sethi Neeraj
Published: March 2018

This paper is a case study of a successful, complex, high-pressure, and heavy-duty fishing job on a live sour gas well in Saudi Arabia. The multidisciplinary effort involved braided line, various sizes of slick line and coiled tubing (CT) intervention.

The paper examines details of the job planning and design as well as the job execution. The well control philosophy and compliance to some of the highest operational standards in the industry will be discussed along with the associated risk and mitigation strategy. This multifaceted job involved fishing a live perforating gun and plug assembly, which was stuck in the liner following a misfire while attempting to set the plug. The fishing job was further complicated due to the presence of a parted section of electric line on top of the original fish.

Recent developments in heavy-duty fishing operations were incorporated into the intervention process. Equally important is the integrated approach used for this complex fishing job with special safety procedures put in place for the use of multilevel scaffolding, multiple cranes, lifting plans, wire and live gun retrieval procedures, contingency plans and multipurpose pressure control equipment (PCE).

Lessons learned will also be presented in the paper. This successful heavy-duty fishing operation has helped push the boundaries of rigless well intervention, improved operational efficiency and opened up additional opportunities for this technology that previously required the deployment of a workover rig or snubbing unit.
Performance benchmarking of polyamide composite Sea water reverse osmosis membranes
Authors: Pattanayak S. , Liu G. , Hauser A. , Woodling R. , Mertes C.
Published: March 2018

Standardization of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane system allows transparency and accountability in performance benchmarking of different membrane elements, especially when a new product is introduced to the market. In the current study, we compared performance of three polyamide composite RO membranes (one from new entrant in the market, the other two are established manufacturers) for seawater desalination. Experimental work was conducted at a desalination plant in Egypt. The new membrane had higher permeate conductivity and lower salt rejection values than the two established products. Similar trend was observed as far as permeate flow was concerned.
Alternative approach to improving operating flux of MBR
Authors: Noguchi H. , Fong E. , Oo M. H. , Nakamura Y. , Niwa T. , Fukuzaki Y. , Wett B. , Tao G.
Published: March 2018

Application of micro-filtration and ultra-filtration membranes for water reclamation has grown significantly in recently years due to lower foot print and stable product water quality. For membrane bioreactor (MBR) application, it is critical to improve the sludge quality to allow membrane systems to operate at higher flux without significant trans-membrane pressure (TMP) increase. It was found that quality of mixed liquor can be enhanced by hydrocyclone to improve the operating flux of MBR. When the membrane system was exposed to a dense particle fraction of the mixed liquor after installation of hydrocyclone, TMP was found to be stable at 16–18 kPa for approximately 8 months while operating at net flux 25 L/m2-hr (LMH). Then, TMP gradually increased to 21 kPa in the next 6 months and sharply increased to 35 kPa toward the end of this investigation. It means TMP was relatively stable without any need of recovery cleaning for over one year of operation. The improvement of MBR performance by introducing a hydrocyclone could be due to removal of unwanted mixed liquor as overflow. The dense component of the mixed liquor as overflow of hydrocyclone should be retained in the MBR system.
Hexavalent chromium removal from municipal wastewater using ferrous salts
Authors: Martin Benjamin David , Asghar Mohammed Qasim , Germain Eve
Published: March 2018

Hexavalent chromium is difficult to remove during conventional biological wastewater treatment. This is because the hexavalent form is dissolved and is only sparingly removed by adsorption onto biomass in conventional processes. Hexavalent chromium is of particular concern because of its aquatic toxicity, and an increasing number of wastewater works have effluent discharge limits to protect receiving water courses, some as low as 8 μg Cr L−1. A relatively simple improvement to the removal of chromium could be made by switching the aluminium or ferric solution dosed at most treatment works for the removal of solids, organic load and phosphorus, to a ferrous salt. Ferrous reduces hexavalent chromium to insoluble trivalent chromium, which can be readily settled out of waste streams as a particulate. In the present study, laboratory experiments using real wastewater and ferrous doses of 10 mg Fe L−1 achieve the chromium discharge consent of 8 μg L−1 from initial solution concentrations of up to 40 μg L−1. A ferrous chloride dosing system was subsequently installed at an operational sewage treatment works that has produced an average final effluent chromium concentration of 2.4 μg L−1 (with a maximum of 4.2 μg L−1), despite influent spikes >300 μg L−1.
Groundwater quality changes in a groundwater body in a poor chemical status
Authors: Gavuliaková B. , Remešicová E.
Published: March 2018

The chemical composition of groundwater in the Quaternary body SK1000600P in the Danube basin was analysed based on chemical analyses from 7 monitoring sites of the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute network during 2002–2009 and 2010–2015 time periods. The current status was evaluated based on the Regulations of the Government of the Slovak Republic No 282/2010. The influence of the pollution point sources on the groundwater quality was analysed based on selected indicators and their threshold values. The most contaminated groundwater was found in the Iža-Bokroš and Iža boreholes (NH4+, Cl−, SO42−), while the least contaminated groundwater was detected in the Hurbanovo-Malý Vek borehole. It should be noted, that for example the primary origin of sulphates cannot account for such high concentration which means that it was the most probably caused by anthropogenic activity.
Extended CSO control storage: what could possibly go wrong?
Authors: Georgaki Sofia , Vernon Dejan , Baur Rodrigo , Black Donal , Crawford David
Published: March 2018

The Thames Tideway Tunnel (TTT), is one of the main components of the London Tideway Improvements Programme, designed to capture combined sewer overflows (CSOs) which currently discharge untreated combined sewage into the tidal river Thames. CSO discharges would be stored in the tunnel until there is capacity at Beckton sewage treatment works (STW), to accept, for treatment, pumped sewage from the tunnel system. There is at present limited literature information on odour generation from stored combined sewage in CSO control systems; on sampling methods of actual combined sewage and continuous monitoring and sampling of gas and liquid phases of stored combined sewage. To better understand the relationship between odour and stored combined sewage, the TTT project team have designed and operated a septicity rig to evaluate the aspects of odour generation from the tunnel system during storage conditions. The key areas of research include: 1. Odour monitoring to measure the emission rates of H2S during tunnel storage conditions, 2. Assessment of the potential for the development of septic conditions and the generation of sulphide compounds that could cause odour problems, 3. Extensive investigation of the impact of biofilm formation and slime growth on the tunnel lining. The findings of the study have determined the levels of sulphide that could potentially be generated from the CSO tunnel system, during storage operations, to ensure adequate consideration in the design of the air management system and tunnel lining and potential for adverse impact on STW operations.
Could EB irradiation be the simplest solution for removing emerging contaminants from water and wastewater?
Authors: Capodaglio A. G.
Published: March 2018

Newly observed presence of ‘emerging contaminants’, defined also Compounds of Emerging Concern, chemicals without regulatory status and which impact on environment and human health are poorly understood has been amply reported in wastewater and aquatic environments. ‘Conventional’ water pollutants have been described for decades and their impact on human health and the environment are known; effective technologies for their removal are well established. This is not the case for most emerging contaminants: no effective removal technologies have been discovered to date, to simultaneously remove all of the concerned contaminants, even though some techniques have been demonstrated to remove some contaminants to a certain extent. Radiation processing using electron beam (EB) accelerators and gamma irradiators has shown promising results in many water-related applications. Radiation/EB processing is an additive-free process using short lived reactive species formed during radiolysis of water for decomposition of pollutants. Isolated studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of radiation, alone or in combination with other treatments, in the decomposition of refractory organic compounds in aqueous solutions and in the removal or inactivation, of microorganisms and parasites. This review paper on this specific technology summarizes results of reported applications.
Kebiasaan Makan, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Indeks Massa Tubuh Mahasiswa S-1 UNS
Authors: Nurkhopipah Aisyah , Probandari Ari Natalia , Anantanyu Sapja
Published: March 2018

Â AbstrakBagian penting dari mahasiswa adalah mereka mengalami masa transisi kuat dengan perubahan lingkungan yang ditandai dengan pola makan yang tidak sehat dan kurang aktivitas fisik yang menempatkan mahasiswa pada risiko yang lebih besar dari kenaikan berat badan . Kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas terjadi pada mahasiswa, menurut Centers for Disease Control (CDC), prevalensi obesitas pada mahasiswa laki-laki adalah 29,5% dan pada mahasiswa perempuan sebesar 32,6%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan makan dan aktivitas fisik dengan Indeks Massa TubuhÂ  mahasiswaÂ  S-1 UNS. Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Subyek penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa program studi S-1 UNS pada tahun 2016 yaitu sejumlah 24.826 orang. Data dianalisis dengan chi square dan regresi logistic multinomial. Hasil uji korelasi chi square, menunjukkan bahwa Kebiasaan Makan tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan IMT Normal - Kurus ataupun IMT Normal - Gemuk (p = 0,193 & p = 0,446), sedangkan Aktivitas Fisik mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan IMT Normal - Gemuk (p = 0,029), tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan IMT normal-kurus.(p= 0,655).Kata Kunci : Kebiasaan Makan; Aktivitas Fisik; mahasiswa; IMTAbstractThe important part of the students is that they experience a strong transition period with environmental changes characterized by an unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity that puts students at greater risk of weight gain. Overweight and obesity occurs in college students, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the prevalence of obesity in male students is 29.5% and in female students 32.6%. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between eating habits and physical activity with the body mass index of S-1 UNS students. Type of observational analytic research with Cross Sectional approach. The subjects of this study are all students of S-1 UNS program in 2016 that is 24,826 people. Data were analyzed by chi square and multinomial logistic regression. The result of chi square correlation test showed that Eating Habits did not correlate significantly with Normal BMI - Thin or Normal BMT - Overweight (p = 0,193 & p = 0,446), whereas Physical Activity had significant relation with Normal BMT â€“ OverweightÂ  (p = 0,029 ), But not related to normal BMI-thin (p = 0.655)..Keywords: Eating Habits; Physical Activity; student college; BMI
What’s in a Word? Understanding “Interprofessional Collaboration” from the Students’ Perspective
Authors: Broers Teresa , Poth Cheryl , Medves Jennifer
Published: March 2018

This short research report examines the definition of “interprofessional collaboration” (IPC) held by students from medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, and physical therapy at a Canadian university. Four consistent themes emerged across all student groups: 1) Different professions working together; 2) As a team; 3) Toward a common goal; 4) Using the skills/expertise of other professions. This study also revealed differences among students from the various professions, including hierarchy, respect, and client-centeredness. The authors conclude that interprofessional educational initiatives need to provide opportunities for students to engage with students from other professions about what these differences are and why they occur, to ensure that future collaborations in the healthcare workplace are effective.
Internet Devices and Desires: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Interactive, Internet-mediated, In-home, Chronic Disease Monitoring Programs
Authors: Nicol Anne-Marie , Bush Corlann Gee , Balka Ellen
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Background and Objectives: The advent of the Internet has made in-home monitoring a possibility for patients suffering from chronic disease, although few studies have examined this phenomena across different disease states. The goal of this review is to identify and evaluate studies where randomized control trials were used to evaluate Internet-mediated home monitoring systems designed to manage and support patients with chronic diseases.Methods and Results: We reviewed 454 abstracts of articles describing computerbased health interventions and read forty-three articles in depth. Seventeen articles met inclusion criteria and were selected for this review. Only completed randomized, controlled trials that reported physiological health outcomes of the intervention were included. Other results reviewed included the populations studied, the short and long term effectiveness of the interventions, costs and technology-related issues and health care provider communication. Internet-mediated home monitoring interventions appear to have some benefit for specific chronic diseases in specific circumstances. Few studies documented cost savings; none of those that did used consistent measures. Studies seldom addressed the challenges of introducing sophisticated interactive-monitoring systems into patients’ homes, the reasons for attrition from trials, or the effects of the intervention on the work of care providers or interprofessional practices.Conclusions: The interventions reviewed showed potential to enhance chronic disease management in some cases. However, the short duration of the studies made it difficult to generalize the results to wider home care settings or predict the effectiveness of such systems over the long and complicated courses of chronic diseases. Thus, despite hopes for significant cost and labour savings, Internet-mediated systems for monitoring chronic diseases in patients’ homes will likely complement rather than replace usual care.
Effectiveness of a Faculty Development Program in Fostering Interprofessional Education Competencies
Authors: Kwan Debbie , Barker Keegan , Richardson Denyse , Wagner Susan , Austin Zubin
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground: To determine the effectiveness of a faculty development program offered to clinical faculty in fostering interprofessional education competencies.Methods and Findings: A pre-post randomized control group design was used in which only one of two cohorts of clinical faculty received an interprofessional educational intervention. Both cohorts then facilitated case-based interprofessional education sessions for student learners. A variety of outcome measures were used to assess differences between groups in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to interprofessional education and practice. No significant differences were noted between the control and intervention groups.Conclusions: The use of a pre-post randomized control group design to measure effectiveness of an educational intervention should be considered to demonstrate the impact of educational interventions.
The Impact of an Online Learning Resource Designed to Enhance Interprofessional Collaborative Practice in Palliative Care: Findings from the Caring Together Pilot Project
Authors: McDonald Colla J , Stodel Emma J , Hall Pippa , Weaver Lynda
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground: This study assessed the effectiveness of an online learning resourcefor staff in long-term care (LTC) homes. The resource was designed to increasepalliative care and interprofessional patient-centred care (IPC) skills and knowledgeand stimulate the transfer of knowledge to the workplace.Methods and Findings: A mixed methods approach was used. The StagedInnovation Design, which uses an experimental group and a control–replicationgroup, was adopted. The resource was piloted in two not-for-profit LTC homeswith 55 staff. Data were collected from four surveys. Individual interviews wereconducted with 15 participants. Participants stated the resource exposed them torelevant, practical information regarding caring for residents at the end of life; thematerial was presented in an engaging, interactive manner; and e-learning was aconvenient way to learn. The resource allowed learners to learn with, from, andabout each other and increased palliative care and IPC skills and knowledge.Evidence regarding changes in learners’ attitudes toward IPC and transfer ofknowledge was weak. Given the short time-frame from completion of the trainingto evaluation, this is not surprising.Conclusions: Suggestions for improving the resource emerged from the evaluation,and these have been implemented.
Interprofessional Relationships in the Field of Obesity: Data from Canada
Authors: Godley Jenny , Russell-Mayhew Shelly
Published: March 2018

Background: While it is generally acknowledged that an interprofessional approach is necessary to treat and prevent obesity, there have been few empirical studies examining the working relationships of professionals in the obesity field.Methods: In this article social network analysis is used to examine the working relationships of 111 attendees, representing eleven different health professions, at the first National Obesity Summit in Canada. We assessed the extent of engagement in interprofessional relations across four activities: discussion, gathering information, providing care, and conducting research. We also examined attitudes toward interprofessional practice.Findings: On average, respondents reported that approximately 75% of the people they work with are from other professions. Attitudes toward interprofessional practice were generally positive, and did not vary significantly across professions. Interestingly, attitudes were not related to actual interprofessional relations in our sample. In terms of work type, we found that respondents who were engaged in both clinical and research work had the largest networks and had the highest percentage of interprofessional contacts in their discussion and research networks.Conclusions: Overall, the results suggest that within our sample of professionals working in the field of obesity, interprofessional practice is held in high regard as a concept. The results also suggest that members of professions that combine both research and clinical work are most likely to engage in interprofessional relationships. This article illustrates the utility of social network analysis to assess the extent of interprofessional relationships among those working in a particular healthcare field.
Through Teaching Are We Learning? Learning Through Teaching: Facilitating Interprofessional Education Experiences
Authors: Grymonpre Ruby , Van Ineveld Kristel , Nelson Michelle , DeJaeger Amy , Sullivan Theresa , Jensen Fiona , Weinberg Leah , Swinamer Jenneth , Booth Ann
Published: March 2018

Background: Despite a growing recognition of the value of collaborative patientcentred practice (CPCP) there is a lack of evidence identifying key elements and approaches to an effective interprofessional (IP) education intervention for clinical team members. The present study was conducted to address the paucity of rigorous mixed methods research to address the question: Does clinician team facilitation and mentorship of senior pre-licensure learners participating in IP clinical placements improve team members' attitudes, knowledge, skills, and perceived behaviours in CPCP?Methods: Based on the assumption that Geriatric Day Hospital clinical teams were already highly collaborative, educational experiences for clinical team members were not designed a priori. Rather, the educational experience was grounded in Mezirow's transformative learning theory, proposing that learning is a process of becoming aware of one's assumptions and revising these assumptions based on critical self-reflection. The option to participate in structured observation and feedback by an external observer using the Team Observation Scale provided important and unique opportunities for team reflection. Using the Controlled Before and After (CBA) design, the Attitudes Toward Health Care Teams Scale (ATHCTS), Team Skills Scale (TSS), and Knowledge Questionnaire were administered pre- and post-clinical placements to intervention and control groups. Data were analyzed by descriptive, bivariate, and repeated measures ANOVA. Qualitative data (evaluation and self-reflective forms) were analyzed using content analysis techniques.Results: Eleven IP clinical placements at 3 sites occurred between January 2007 and March 2008 (intervention N = 48; control N = 7). There was no significant change over time between intervention and control groups for the ATHCTS Quality of Care or Physician Centrality subscale scores, the TSS scores, or the Knowledge scores. Qualitative results suggested that participants were more aware of IP teaming, reflective of their own practice, and reported making changes in their own practice and mentorship of students as a result of their engagement in the study.Conclusions: This study demonstrated the viability of using structured observation and feedback processes as a reflective learning exercise. Further research is required to help identify key approaches and elements to an effective IPE intervention in clinical practice.
Assessing Interprofessional Learning during a Student Placement in an Interprofessional Rehabilitation University Clinic in Primary Healthcare in a Canadian Francophone Minority Context
Authors: Guitard Paulette , Dubouloz Claire-Jehanne , Savard Jacinthe , Metthé Lynn , Brasset-Latulippe Anne
Published: March 2018

Background: Interprofessional collaboration is deemed the key to quality patient care and the future for healthcare delivery models. Such a complex competency needs to be learned; as such, interprofessional education should be a key component of health professional programs. An Interprofessional Rehabilitation University Clinic was created to promote interprofessional education at the pre-licensure level. However, few resources are currently available to assess interprofessional learning; no tool (English or French) that specifically assesses interprofessional learning could be identified.Methods and Findings: A self-administered questionnaire was developed to assess interprofessional learning during a clinical placement. Using a single-group posttest-only design, this descriptive pilot project reports the results obtained with this tool for the first 15 students on placement at the Clinic. Preliminary findings suggest this tool helped demonstrate that, during placements in an interprofessional clinic, students developed some understanding of their own profession as well as of other professions. Responses showed that participants believe that interprofessional interventions are more efficient, save time, and facilitate sharing of information leading to a better comprehension of the clients’ situations. The tool suggests that students feel that an interprofessional educational experience is beneficial for clients and for themselves.Conclusions: Assessing interprofessional learning is challenging. Although the tool developed during this project is most promising, further research is warranted to increase its usefulness in assessing interprofessional learning.
Using a Complex Systems Perspective to Achieve Sustainable Health Care Practice Change
Authors: Suter Esther , Deutschlander Siegrid , Lait Jana
Published: March 2018

Background: There has been a surge of interventions at health care settings to achieve practice change, but sustaining these new practices remains challenging. The purpose of the study is to use the Legacy Sustainability Model, a framework grounded in complexity science, to examine the implementation and sustainability of an interprofessional (IP) collaboration intervention in health care. The model considers the six factors communication, connections, coherence, continuous assessment, commitment and constructs essential to building capacity for sustainability.Methods and Findings: Three health care settings in Alberta implemented IP practice interventions over a six-month period. After three and six months, we interviewed participants at each site about the progress of the IP intervention and emerging challenges. We examined the interview data for emergence of the six factors of the Legacy Sustainability Model. Conclusions: Our analysis showed distinct contextual differences between the three sites as represented by the strengths of the six factors at the outset of the IP interventions and the way the factors evolved throughout the project. Using a complex systems lens may be valuable for examining contextual factors that might affect the success of a practice intervention and for monitoring progress towards capacity building for lasting practice change.
Australian Clinician’s Views on Interprofessional Education for Students in the Rural Clinical Setting
Authors: Jacob Elisabeth , Barnett Tony , Missen Karen , Cross Merylin , Walker Lorraine
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground: Collaboration between education providers and clinical agencies to develop models that facilitate cross-disciplinary clinical education for students is essential to produce work-ready graduates.Methods and Findings: This exploratory study investigated the perceptions of and opportunities for interprofessional education (IPE) from the perspectives of 57 clinical staff from three regional/rural health services across Victoria, Australia. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, interviews, and focus group discussions with staff from 15 disciplinary groups who were responsible for clinical education. Although different views emerged on what IPE entailed, it was perceived by most clinicians to be valuable for students in enhancing teamwork, improving the understanding of roles and functions of team members, and facilitating common goals for patient care. While benefits of IPE could be articulated by clinicians, student engagement with IPE in clinical areas appeared to be limited, largely ad hoc, and opportunistic. Barriers to IPE included: timing of students’ placements, planning and coordination of activities, resource availability, and current regulatory and education provider requirements.Conclusions: Without the necessary resources and careful planning and coordination, the integration of IPE as a part of students’ clinical placement experience will remain a largely untapped resource.
Physician and Nurse Perspectives of an Interprofessional and Integrated Primary Care-Based Program for Seniors
Authors: Moore Ainsley Elizabeth , Nair Kalpana , Patterson Christopher , White Joy , House Shelly , Kadhim-Saleh Amjed , Riva John
Published: March 2018

Background: In Canada, primary care practitioners provide the majority of care for elderly patients. Increasing volume and complexity of care compounded by a shortage of specialized geriatric services has lead to problems of fragmented, inefficient,and often ineffective service for this population. Integrated models that bridge primary and secondary care have emerged as a major theme in health reform to address such challenges for care of the elderly. Although primary care practitioners are important stakeholders necessary for successful uptake and sustainability of such integrated models, this perspective has been largely unexplored. Methods and Findings: We used a qualitative thematic approach to bring forward front-line perspectives of nurses and physicians who referred their patients to a newly developed integrated, multidisciplinary program for seniors that was introduced into their primary care clinic. Referrers experienced improved care processes, improved quality of care, as well as an enhanced experience when managing their elderly patients. Unclear assignment of roles and responsibilities created confusion for referring practitioners and their patients.Conclusions: Understanding benefits, limitations, and changes to front-line practitioner experience provides insight into important factors contributing to buy-in and sustainability of integrated programming for the elderly in this setting.
Outcomes of a Multiprofessional Educational Intervention in Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Heiwe Susanne , Johansson Eva , Nilsson-Kajermo Kerstin , Säflund Karin , Ödlund Olin Ann
Published: March 2018

Background: Education is a commonly used intervention in the development of evidence-based practice (EBP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of an educational intervention on healthcare professionals’ perceived skills in finding, reviewing, and using research evidence in clinical practice. A further aim was to identify potential determinants for the outcome.Methods and Findings: A three-day course in EBP was designed for registered nurses, medical social workers, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and dieticians. The Developing Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (DEBP) questionnaire was administered before and six months after the intervention (N = 274). Non-parametric statistics were used. The results showed an overall effect on ability to find research evidence (p = .0005) and ability to review research evidence (p = .0005), whereas there was no overall effect on use of research evidence in clinical practice (p = .18). However, some subgroups showed a significant improvement over time, for example, those whose profession was nursing or midwifery and those who had experience using evidence-based practice prior to the educational intervention.Conclusions: The results showed that a three-day course in EBP improved the participants’ ability to find and review research evidence, but it did not have an overall effect on the use of research evidence in clinical practice.
Using Loose Coupling Theory to Understand Interprofessional Collaborative Practice on a Transplantation Team
Authors: Lingard Lorelei , McDougall Allan , Levstik Mark , Chandok Natasha , Spafford Marlee M , Schryer Catherine
Published: March 2018

Background: A central paradox dwells at the heart of interprofessional care: the tension between autonomy and interdependence. This report uses an ethnographic study to understand how this tension shapes collaborative practice on a distributed, interprofessional transplant team in a Canadian teaching hospital.Methods & Findings: Over four months, two trained observers conducted an ethnography through 162 observation hours, 30 field interviews and 17 formal interviews with 39 consented participants. Data collection and inductive analysis proceeded iteratively. Loose coupling theory was used as a resource to make sense of key themes. We describe the transplant team as a constellation made up of core, inter-service, and outside hospital dimensions. Next, we trace the nature of coupling activities within and across these dimensions of the team constellation, focusing on recurring communication challenges which can signal the relationship between autonomy and interdependence in collaborative acts.Conclusions: We conclude that coupling is fluid and subject to human agency, and that the tension between autonomy and interdependence can be highly productive. Team members, including patients, may negotiate and construct their relations on an autonomy/interdependence axis for strategic purposes. Far from being trapped in a paradox, team members use autonomy and interdependence as resources to achieve complex goals in collaborative settings.
Interprofessional Collaboration in Ontario’s Family Health Teams: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Gocan Sophia , Laplante Mary Anne , Woodend Kirsten
Published: March 2018

Background: In Ontario, 200 interprofessional Family Health Teams (FHTs) have been established since 2005 to improve primary healthcare access, patient outcomes, and costs. High levels of interprofessional collaboration are important for team success; however, effective team functioning is difficult to achieve. FHTs are in their infancy, and little is known about the determinants that have influenced the quality of team collaboration or the outcomes that FHTs have achieved. The objective of this article is to examine current knowledge regarding FHT team functioning.Methods and Findings: A search of the literature resulted in eleven articles for final analysis, which were primarily qualitative in nature. A narrative synthesis of study findings was completed. A number of common challenges to interprofessional collaboration were identified. Nevertheless, patients and providers described improved healthcare access, greater satisfaction, and enhanced quality of healthcare using a FHT approach. Collaboration was fostered by effective leadership, communication, outcome evaluation, and training for both professionals and patients alike.Conclusions: Ontario FHTs have generated improvements in healthcare access and outcomes. Collaborative team functioning, while present, has not reached its full potential. Supportive public policy, education for patients and providers, and evaluation research is needed to advance FHT functioning.
Introducing Interprofessional Education and Care Concepts in a Geriatric Multilevel Centre: Development and Introduction of a Toolkit for Staff and Students
Authors: Boutcher Faith , Conn David K. , Mroziewicz Margaret , Guttman Sokoloff Lisa M
Published: March 2018

Background: Although interprofessional education (IPE) is not new, there has been limited research in IPE focused on the care of older adults. The objective of this study was to develop and implement an interprofessional education and care (IPE/C) toolkit, to help staff and students understand and apply the concepts of IPE/C.Methods and Findings: Focus groups identified staff and students’ understanding of IPE/C and informed development of an IPE/C toolkit comprised of IPE/C tools and resources. Five clinical teams (N = 51) attended workshops that introduced the toolkit and educated teams about IPE/C. Focus group participants had heard of but had limited exposure to IPE/C. Responses to the Attitudes Toward Health Care Teams (ATHT) questionnaire indicated a positive trend on all questions; 2 questions in subscale 1 were statistically significant (p = .01 & p = .005), indicating a positive attitude toward teams and teamwork. Several limitations were identified, including inconsistent attendance at workshops, scheduling challenges, and limited physician participation.Conclusions: This pilot project provided baseline data on staff and students’ understanding of and attitudes toward IPE/C in a multilevel geriatric centre and demonstrated that an IPE/C toolkit delivered via team workshops can enhance healthcare team attitudes. Next steps include expanding the rollout to other teams and introducing the toolkit to all staff and students.