bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Maurienne Swarm (French Alps) Based on Earthquake Clustering
Authors: Minetto Riccardo , Helmstetter Agnès , Schwartz Stéphane , Langlais Mickaël , Nomade Jérôme , Guéguen Philippe
Published: July 2022

Between August 2017 and March 2019, an intense seismic swarm was recorded in the Maurienne valley in the north of the Belledonne massif (Western French Alps). In order to study the spatiotemporal evolution of the Maurienne swarm, we created a high‐resolution catalog based on template matching, double‐difference relocation, and moment magnitudes. The catalog includes 71,064 events with a maximum moment magnitude of 3.5 and a magnitude of completeness of 0.7. The seismic activity is interpreted as the reactivation of an N80 strike‐slip fault system called Fond de France. Moreover, earthquake relocation reveals the presence of a shallower fault system with the same strike, but opposite dip direction and smaller size. The presence of two distinct fault systems may explain the observed variation of the b‐value with depth. The seismicity migrated asymmetrically in all directions during the course of about 15 months. Shorter migrations lasting 2–3 days are also observed. The different migration patterns suggest that the swarm is driven by several mechanisms, possibly pore‐pressure diffusion, aseismic slip, and earthquake interactions.
Combined Sewer Overflow and Flooding Mitigation Through a Reliable Real‐Time Control Based on Multi‐Reinforcement Learning and Model Predictive Control
Authors: Tian Wenchong , Liao Zhenliang , Zhi Guozheng , Zhang Zhiyu , Wang Xuan
Published: July 2022

Real‐time control (RTC) of urban drainage systems (UDS) has been proved an efficient tool in combined sewer overflow (CSO) and flooding mitigation. Recently, new RTC approaches based on reinforcement learning (RL) were developed for flooding mitigation in stormwater systems. While these studies have made contributions to enable an improved urban water management, they are insufficient to allow for deeply understanding of the effectiveness of different RLs in UDS. Meanwhile, the risk of handing over the control process to a RL agent is still unavoidable because of the fluctuations of RLs' output and the unknown consequences of implementing RLs control strategy. This study conducted four tasks to address these problems. First, five RTC systems based on five individual RLs were designed to distinguish different RLs' performance in the context of UDS. Then, an independent security system based on SWMM was provided to forecast and evaluate the consequence of RL control strategy. After that, an innovative hybrid RTC system, called Voting, was developed by coupling multiple RLs and the independent security system through a model predictive control framework to avoid the fluctuations of RLs' output. Finally, the robustness of the RL agents was validated using uncertainty analysis. All the RLs were evaluated through simulation based on a Storm Water Management Model of a UDS located in Eastern China. According to the results, (a) different RLs show promise in CSO and flooding mitigation; (b) Voting selects a relatively reliable and optimal control trajectory compared with any single RL agents; (c) the performances of RL agents have certain robustness when facing different rainfall events and imperfect input.
The Dominant Role of Brewer‐Dobson Circulation on 17O‐Excess Variations in Snow Pits at Dome A, Antarctica
Authors: Pang Hongxi , Zhang Peng , Wu Shuangye , Jouzel Jean , Steen‐Larsen Hans Christian , Liu Ke , Zhang Wangbin , Yu Jinhai , An Chunlei , Chen Deliang , Hou Shugui
Published: July 2022

Recent studies have suggested that water isotopologues in snow pits from remote East Antarctica can be influenced by the input of stratospheric water, which has anomalously high 17O‐excess values. However, it remains unclear whether the 17O‐excess records preserved in snow and ice from this region can be used to reconstruct stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE). In this study, we present high‐resolution 17O‐excess records from two snow pits at Dome A, the highest point of the Antarctic ice sheet. The 17O‐excess records show a significant positive correlation with the strength of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC), the hemispheric‐scale troposphere‐stratosphere overturn circulation. Stronger BDC leads to more stratospheric water input over Antarctica and higher 17O‐excess, and vice versa. In addition, the 17O‐excess records also have a significant positive correlation with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) index, because SAM modulates Antarctic precipitation, which has a dilution effect on the stratospheric water input. The 17O‐excess records do not show significant correlations with local temperature and relative humidity in the moisture source region. These results suggest the dominant effect of BDC on 17O‐excess and indicate the potential for using 17O‐excess records in ice cores from remote sites in East Antarctica for reconstructing long‐term variations of STE, and understanding their mechanisms and climate effects.
Permissive aggregative group formation favors coexistence between cooperators and defectors in yeast
Authors: Belpaire Tom E R , Pešek Jiří , Lories Bram , Verstrepen Kevin J , Steenackers Hans P , Ramon Herman , Smeets Bart
Published: July 2022

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the FLO1 gene encodes flocculins that lead to formation of multicellular flocs, that offer protection to the constituent cells. Flo1p was found to preferentially bind to fellow cooperators compared to defectors lacking FLO1 expression, enriching cooperators within the flocs. Given this dual function in cooperation and kin recognition, FLO1 has been termed a “green beard gene”. Because of the heterophilic nature of the Flo1p bond however, we hypothesize that kin recognition is permissive and depends on the relative stability of the FLO1+/flo1− versus FLO1+/FLO1+ detachment force F. We combine single-cell measurements of adhesion, individual cell-based simulations of cluster formation, and in vitro flocculation to study the impact of relative bond stability on the evolutionary stability of cooperation. We identify a trade-off between both aspects of the green beard mechanism, with reduced relative bond stability leading to increased kin recognition at the expense of cooperative benefits. We show that the fitness of FLO1 cooperators decreases as their frequency in the population increases, arising from the observed permissive character (F+− = 0.5 F++) of the Flo1p bond. Considering the costs associated with FLO1 expression, this asymmetric selection often results in a stable coexistence between cooperators and defectors.
PKD2 founder mutation is the most common mutation of polycystic kidney disease in Taiwan
Authors: Yu Chih-Chuan , Lee An-Fu , Kohl Stefen , Lin Ming-Yen , Cheng Siao Muk , Hung Chi-Chih , Chang Jer-Ming , Chiu Yi-Wen , Hwang Shang-Jyh , Otto Edgar A. , Hildebrandt Friedhelm ,   Taiwan PKD Consortium, Hwang Daw-Yang
Published: July 2022

Autosomal Dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited adult kidney disease. Although ADPKD is primarily caused by PKD1 and PKD2, the identification of several novel causative genes in recent years has revealed more complex genetic heterogeneity than previously thought. To study the disease-causing mutations of ADPKD, a total of 920 families were collected and their diagnoses were established via clinical and image studies by Taiwan PKD Consortium investigators. Amplicon-based library preparation with next-generation sequencing, variant calling, and bioinformatic analysis was used to identify disease-causing mutations in the cohort. Microsatellite analysis along with genotyping and haplotype analysis was performed in the PKD2 p.Arg803* family members. The age of mutation was calculated to estimate the time at which the mutation occurred or the founder arrived in Taiwan. Disease-causing mutations were identified in 634 families (68.9%) by detection of 364 PKD1, 239 PKD2, 18 PKHD1, 7 GANAB, and 6 ALG8 pathogenic variants. 162 families (17.6%) had likely causative but non-diagnostic variants of unknown significance (VUS). A single PKD2 p.Arg803* mutation was found in 17.8% (164/920) of the cohort in Taiwan. Microsatellite and array analysis showed that 80% of the PKD2 p.Arg803* families shared the same haplotype in a 250 kb region, indicating those families may originate from a common ancestor 300 years ago. Our findings provide a mutation landscape as well as evidence that a founder effect exists and has contributed to a major percentage of the ADPKD population in Taiwan.
J-Matrix time propagation of atomic hydrogen in attosecond fields
Authors: Gersbacher Rolf , Broad John T.
Published: July 2022

The J-Matrix approach for scattering is extended to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) for one electron atoms in external few cycle attosecond fields. To this purpose, the wave function is expanded in square integrable ($$L^2$$

L
2

) Sturmian functions and an equation system for the transition amplitudes is established. Outside the interaction zone, boundary conditions are imposed at the border in the $$L^2$$

L
2

function space. These boundary conditions correspond to outgoing waves (Siegert states) and minimize reflections at the $$L^2$$

L
2

boundary grid. Outgoing wave behaviour in the asymptotic region is achieved by employing Pollaczek functions. The method enables the treatment of light - atom interactions within arbitrary external fields. Using a partial wave decomposition, the coupled differential equation system is solved by a Runge-Kutta method. As a proof of the method ionization processes of atomic hydrogen in half and few cycle attosecond fields are examined. The electron energy spectrum is calculated and the numerical implementation will be presented. Different forms of the interaction operator are considered and the convergence behaviour is discussed. Results are compared to other studies which use independent approaches like finite difference methods. Remarkable agreement is achieved even with strong field strengths of the electromagnetic field. It is demonstrated that expanding in $$L^2$$

L
2

functions and imposing boundary conditions at the limit in the $$L^2$$

L
2

function space can be an advantageous alternative to conventional propagation methods using complex absorbing potentials or complex scaling.
Classification of emotional states via transdermal cardiovascular spatiotemporal facial patterns using multispectral face videos
Authors: Shvimmer Shaul , Simhon Rotem , Gilead Michael , Yitzhaky Yitzhak
Published: July 2022

We describe a new method for remote emotional state assessment using multispectral face videos, and present our findings: unique transdermal, cardiovascular and spatiotemporal facial patterns associated with different emotional states. The method does not rely on stereotypical facial expressions but utilizes different wavelength sensitivities (visible spectrum, near-infrared, and long-wave infrared) to gauge correlates of autonomic nervous system activity spatially and temporally distributed across the human face (e.g., blood flow, hemoglobin concentration, and temperature). We conducted an experiment where 110 participants viewed 150 short emotion-eliciting videos and reported their emotional experience, while three cameras recorded facial videos with multiple wavelengths. Spatiotemporal multispectral features from the multispectral videos were used as inputs to a machine learning model that was able to classify participants’ emotional state (i.e., amusement, disgust, fear, sexual arousal, or no emotion) with satisfactory results (average ROC AUC score of 0.75), while providing feature importance analysis that allows the examination of facial occurrences per emotional state. We discuss findings concerning the different spatiotemporal patterns associated with different emotional states as well as the different advantages of the current method over existing approaches to emotion detection.
Differential epithelial and stromal LGR5 expression in ovarian carcinogenesis
Authors: Kim Hyesung , Lee Dong Hui , Park Eunsun , Myung Jae Kyung , Park Jeong Hwan , Kim Dong Il , Kim Se Ik , Lee Maria , Kim Younghoon , Park Chul Min , Hyun Chang Lim , Maeng Young Hee , Lee Cheol , Jang Bogun
Published: July 2022

Lgr5 has been identified as a marker of the stem/progenitor cells in the murine ovary and oviduct by lineage tracing. However, little is known regarding LGR5 expression or its functional significance in human ovary tissues. Here, using RNA in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry, we thoroughly investigated LGR5 expression in normal human ovaries, fallopian tubes and various ovarian tumors. We discovered that LGR5 expression is negligible in the human ovary surface epithelium, whereas ovarian stromal cells normally express low levels of LGR5. Remarkably, fallopian tube epithelium, inclusion cysts and serous cystadenomas with a Müllerian phenotype expressed high levels of LGR5, and LGR5 expression was restricted to PAX8+/FOXJ1− secretory cells of the tubal epithelium. Strong stromal LGR5 expression without epithelial LGR5 expression was consistently observed in the path from serous cystadenoma to serous borderline tumor to low grade serous carcinoma (LGSC). Unlike LGSC, high grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), clear cell carcinoma, endometrioid carcinomas displayed various epithelial-stromal LGR5 expression. Notably, high levels of LGR5 expression were observed in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, which slightly declined in invasive HGSC. LGR5 expression was significantly associated with improved progression-free survival in HGSC patients. Moreover, in vitro assays demonstrated that LGR5 expression suppressed tumor proliferation and migratory capabilities. Taken together, these findings indicate a tumor-suppressive role for LGR5 in the progression of HGSC.
Propensity-score matched analysis to evaluate efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal cancer in gastrectomized patients
Authors: Hamada Yasuhiko , Tanaka Kyosuke , Katsurahara Masaki , Horiki Noriyuki , Umeda Yuhei , Ikenoyama Yohei , Yukimoto Hiroki , Tameda Masahiko , Tsuboi Junya , Yamada Reiko , Nakamura Misaki , Nakagawa Hayato
Published: July 2022

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive treatment option for superficial esophageal cancer (SEC) with high rates of complete resection. However, limited research exists on the efficacy of ESD for SEC in gastrectomized patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ESD for SEC in gastrectomized patients. We included 318 patients of SEC treated at our institution between April 2005 and October 2021. To minimize bias between the gastrectomized and non-gastrectomized groups, we conducted a propensity-score matched analysis and compared the ESD outcomes for SEC of the two groups. Of the 318 patients included in the study, 48 and 270 patients were in the gastrectomized and non-gastrectomized groups, respectively. After 1:2 propensity-score matching, we matched 44 patients in the gastrectomized group to 88 patients in the non-gastrectomized group, and found no significant differences in the baseline clinicopathological characteristics. Regarding the ESD outcomes, there were no significant differences in the complete resection rate, procedure time, hospitalized period, and recurrence rates between the two groups. Multivariate analysis also cofirmed that the history of gastrectomy was not a risk factor of the difficult case of esophageal ESD. In conclusion, history of gastrectomy might not negatively affect the ESD outcomes of SECs.
A novel lipidic peptide with potential to promote balanced effector-regulatory T cell responses
Authors: Agrez Michael , Rzepecka Justyna , Turner Darryl , Knox Gavin , Chandler Christopher , Howard Christopher B. , Fletcher Nicholas , Thurecht Kristofer , Parker Stephen , Gooding Hayley , Gallagher Laura
Published: July 2022

T cell-dendritic cell (DC) interactions contribute to reciprocal stimulation leading to DC maturation that results in production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Both cytokines have been implicated in autoimmune diseases while being necessary for effective immune responses against foreign antigens. We describe a lipidic peptide,designated IK14004, that modifies crosstalk between T cells and DCs resulting in suppression of IL-12p40/IFN-γ production. T cell production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IFN-γ is uncoupled and IL-12p70 production is enhanced. IK14004 induces expression of activating co-receptors in CD8+ T cells and increases the proportion of Foxp3-expressing CD4+ T regulatory cells. The potential for IK14004 to impact on signalling pathways required to achieve a balanced immune response upon stimulation of DCs and T cells is highlighted. This novel compound provides an opportunity to gain further insights into the complexity of T cell-DC interactions relevant to autoimmunity associated with malignancies and may have therapeutic benefit.
Monovalent ions and stress-induced senescence in human mesenchymal endometrial stem/stromal cells
Authors: Shatrova Alla , Burova Elena , Pugovkina Natalja , Domnina Alisa , Nikolsky Nikolaj , Marakhova Irina
Published: July 2022

Monovalent ions are involved in growth, proliferation, differentiation of cells as well as in their death. This work concerns the ion homeostasis during senescence induction in human mesenchymal endometrium stem/stromal cells (hMESCs): hMESCs subjected to oxidative stress (sublethal pulse of H2O2) enter the premature senescence accompanied by persistent DNA damage, irreversible cell cycle arrest, increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitors (p53, p21) cell hypertrophy, enhanced β-galactosidase activity. Using flame photometry to estimate K+, Na+content and Rb+(K+) fluxes we found that during the senescence development in stress-induced hMESCs, Na+/K+pump-mediated K+fluxes are enhanced due to the increased Na+content in senescent cells, while ouabain-resistant K+fluxes remain unchanged. Senescence progression is accompanied by a peculiar decrease in the K+content in cells from 800–900 to 500–600 µmol/g. Since cardiac glycosides are offered as selective agents for eliminating senescent cells, we investigated the effect of ouabain on ion homeostasis and viability of hMESCs and found that in both proliferating and senescent hMESCs, ouabain (1 nM–1 µM) inhibited pump-mediated K+transport (ID505 × 10–8 M), decreased cell K+/Na+ratio to 0.1–0.2, however did not induce apoptosis. Comparison of the effect of ouabain on hMESCs with the literature data on the selective cytotoxic effect of cardiac glycosides on senescent or cancer cells suggests the ion pump blockade and intracellular K+depletion should be synergized with target apoptotic signal to induce the cell death.
Extracellular vesicles deliver sodium iodide symporter protein and promote cancer cell radioiodine therapy
Authors: Lee Jin Hee , Jung Kyung-Ho , Mina Kim , Lee Kyung-Han
Published: July 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising carrier for various cargos with antitumor effects, but their capacity to transfer the ability to transport radioiodine for cancer theranostics remains unexplored. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that EVs can be loaded with the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) protein and efficiently deliver the payload to recipient cancer cells to facilitate radioiodine uptake. The results revealed that donor cells either transduced with an adenoviral vector for transient expression or engineered for stable overexpression secreted EVs that contained substantial amounts of NIS protein but not NIS mRNA. Huh7 liver cancer cells treated with EVs secreted from each of the donor cell types showed significantly increased plasma membrane NIS protein, indicating efficient payload delivery. Furthermore, intact function of the delivered NIS protein was confirmed by significantly increased radioiodine transport in recipient cancer cells that peaked at 48 h. Importantly, NIS protein delivered by EVs significantly enhanced the antitumor effects of 131I radiotherapy. These results reveal that EVs are a promising vehicle to deliver NIS protein to cancer cells in sufficient amounts for radioiodine-based theranostics.
Functional cargos of exosomes derived from Flk-1+ vascular progenitors enable neurulation and ameliorate embryonic anomalies in diabetic pregnancy
Authors: Cao Songying , Wu Yanqing , Albert Reece E. , Xu Cheng , Shen Wei-Bin , Kaushal Sunjay , Yang Peixin
Published: July 2022

Various types of progenitors initiate individual organ formation and their crosstalk orchestrates morphogenesis for the entire embryo. Here we show that progenitor exosomal communication across embryonic organs occurs in normal development and is altered in embryos of diabetic pregnancy. Endoderm fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) stimulates mesoderm Flk-1+ vascular progenitors to produce exosomes containing the anti-stress protein Survivin. These exosomes act on neural stem cells of the neuroepithelium to facilitate neurulation by inhibiting cellular stress and apoptosis. Maternal diabetes causes Flk-1+ progenitor dysfunction by suppressing FGF2 through DNA hypermethylation. Restoring endoderm FGF2 prevents diabetes-induced survivin reduction in Flk-1+ progenitor exosomes. Transgenic Survivin expression in Flk-1+ progenitors or in utero delivery of survivin-enriched exosomes restores cellular homeostasis and prevents diabetes-induced neural tube defects (NTDs), whereas inhibiting exosome production induces NTDs. Thus, functional inter-organ communication via Flk-1 exosomes is vital for neurulation and its disruption leads to embryonic anomalies.
Graphene-based terahertz bias-driven negative-conductivity metasurface
Authors: Li Guibin , Wang Guocui , Yang Tingting , Zhang Yan , Shen Jingling , Zhang† Bo
Published: July 2022

A graphene-based terahertz negative-conductivity metasurface based on two types of unit cell structures is investigated under the control of an external bias voltage.
Correction: Surface alignment of ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Caimi Federico , Nava Giovanni , Barboza Raouf , Clark Noel A. , Korblova Eva , Walba David M. , Bellini Tommaso , Lucchetti Liana
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Surface alignment of ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals’ by Federico Caimi et al., Soft Matter, 2021, 17, 8130–8139, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SM00734C.
Kiloparsec view of a typical star-forming galaxy when the Universe was ∼1 Gyr old
Authors: Herrera-Camus R. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Price S. H. , Übler H. , Bolatto A. D. , Davies R. L. , Fisher D. , Genzel R. , Lutz D. , Naab T. , Nestor A. , Shimizu T. , Sternberg A. , Tacconi L. , Tadaki K.
Published: July 2022

We present a kinematic analysis of the main-sequence galaxy HZ4 at z = 5.5. Our study is based on deep, spatially resolved observations of the [C II] 158 μm transition obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). From the combined analysis of the disk morphology, the 2D velocity structure, and forward modeling of the 1D velocity and velocity dispersion profiles, we conclude that HZ4 has a regular rotating disk in place. The intrinsic velocity dispersion in HZ4 is high (σ0 = 65.8−3.3+2.9 km s−1), and the ratio between the rotational velocity and the intrinsic velocity dispersion is Vrot/σ0 = 2.2. These values are consistent with the expectations from the trends of increasing σ0 and decreasing Vrot/σ0 as a function of the redshift observed in main-sequence galaxies up to z ≈ 4. Galaxy evolution models suggest that the high level of turbulence observed in HZ4 can only be achieved if, in addition to stellar feedback, there is radial transport of gas within the disk. Finally, we find that HZ4 is baryon-dominated on galactic scales (≲2 × Re), with a dark-matter fraction at one effective radius of fDM(Re) = 0.41−0.22+0.25. This value is comparable to the dark-matter fractions found in lower redshift galaxies that could be the descendants of HZ4: massive (M⋆ ≈ 1011 M⊙), star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2, and passive, early-type galaxies at z ≈ 0.
Convective inhibition with an ocean
Authors: Markham S. , Guillot T. , Stevenson D.
Published: July 2022

Aims.In this work we generalize the notion of convective inhibition to apply it to cases where there is an infinite reservoir of condensible species (i.e., an ocean). We propose a new model for the internal structure and thermal evolution of super-Earths with hydrogen envelopes.

Methods.We derive the criterion for convective inhibition in a generalized phase mixture from first principles thermodynamics. We then investigate the global ocean case using a water-hydrogen system, for which we have data, as an example. After illustrating the relevant thermodynamics, we extend our arguments to apply to a system of hydrogen and silicate vapor. We then employ a simple atmospheric model to apply our findings to super-Earths and to make predictions about their internal structures and thermal evolution.

Results.For hydrogen envelope masses roughly in the range 10−3−10−1M⊕, convective contact between the envelope and core may shut down because of the compositional gradient that arises from silicate partial vaporization. For envelope hydrogen masses that cause the associated basal pressure to exceed the critical pressure of pure silicate (on the order of a couple kilobars), the base of that envelope and the top of the core lie on the critical line of the two-phase hydrogen-silicate phase diagram. The corresponding temperature is much higher than convective models would suggest. The core is then “supercritical” in the sense that the temperature exceeds the critical temperature for pure silicate. The core then cools inefficiently, with intrinsic heat fluxes potentially comparable to the Earth’s internal heat flux today.

Conclusions.This low heat flux may allow the core to remain in a high entropy supercritical state for billions of years, but the details of this depend on the nature of the two-component phase diagram at high pressure, something that is currently unknown. A supercritical core thermodynamically permits the dissolution of large quantities of hydrogen into the core.
Editorial Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Grasmück Jürgen
Published: July 2022

wie Sie spätestens mit dieser Ausgabe erkennen werden, neige ich zu
Fortsetzungen. Diese Ausgabe enthält einige Artikel, die entweder beendet
oder begonnen werden.
Psychische Belastung und ihre Folgen für die Krankheitskosten
– eine Längsschnittstudie in Deutschland
Authors: Bombana Manuela , Heinzel-Gutenbrunner Monika , Müller Gerhard
Published: July 2022

Ziel der Studie Die Studie verfolgt das Ziel, die Effekte der psychischen
Belastung auf die Höhe und die Zusammensetzung der Krankheitskosten
(ambulante Kosten, Krankenhauskosten, Rehabilitationskosten, Arzneimittelkosten)
im Zeitverlauf zu überprüfen.

Methodik Im Längsschnittdesign untersuchten wir die psychische
Belastung von 3.287 Studienteilnehmern der erwachsenen
Allgemeinbevölkerung anhand der Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
(HADS) und ihren Effekt auf die Höhe und die Zusammensetzung der
Krankheitskosten aufgrund von psychischen Erkrankungen im Jahr der Befragung t0
und den beiden Folgejahren [t1] {t2}.

Ergebnisse Im Vergleich zur Referenzgruppe, die keine psychischen
Belastungen aufweist, waren die Krankheitskosten in der Gruppe mit geringen
psychischen Belastungen um den Faktor 2,0 [2,2] {1,5}, bei jenen mit moderater
psychischer Belastung um den Faktor 3,7 [4,2] {3,1} und bei jenen mit schweren
psychischen Belastungen um den Faktor 7,5 [9,0] {5,2} signifikant
erhöht. Im Zeitverlauf zeigten sich signifikante Effekte auf die
Krankheitskosten nur an den beiden äußeren Rändern der
psychischen Belastungsgrade (keine und schwere psychische Belastungen) mit einer
Tendenz zur Mitte. Mit zunehmendem Grad psychischer Belastung dominierten
Krankenhauskosten die Gesamtkosten aufgrund psychischer Belastung und der Anteil
der ambulanten Krankheitskosten an den Gesamtkosten nahm ab.

Schlussfolgerung Mit dem Grad psychischer Belastung steigen die
Krankheitskosten steil an. Die Progredienz psychischer Erkrankungen zu
verhindern, ist deshalb nicht nur aus individueller, sondern auch aus
gesundheitsökonomischer Perspektive bedeutsam.
Is High-intensity Interval Training a Feasible Therapy Option in
Geriatric Rehabilitation? A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Krüsi Michael , Bansi Jens , Sylvester Ramona , Bachmann Stefan
Published: July 2022

Background With an increasing number of inpatients in geriatric
rehabilitation, there is continuing interest in efficient training measures
regarding physical performance.Objectives To examine the feasibility and
outcomes of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in geriatric patients.

Methods Single-centre randomized controlled study of HIIT vs. moderate
continuous training (MCT) for patients ≥65 years old referred to
inpatient rehabilitation. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed
before the first and last training in order to measure participant’s
cardiorespiratory fitness. At the same time-points patients completed a series
of questionnaires regarding subjective improvements and acceptance of the
training methods.

Results Regarding feasibility, HIIT showed a completion rate of
82.4% and an adherence rate of completed sessions of 83.3%. HIIT
significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (+13% for
VO2peak, p=0.01), respiratory quotient (+9%,
p=0.01) and power output (+12% for Watt peak,
p=0.01) compared with MCT. Significant improvements were also seen over
time for physical and mental scores of PROMIS-10 and quality of life.

Conclusion A HIIT intervention has proven feasible for elderly patients in
a geriatric rehabilitative setting. Further research should specify the HIIT
intervention in order to offer this training to more patients. Long-term
observations are also needed.
A Case of Plasma Cell Myeloma with Multilobated and Monocytoid Morphology
Authors: Kakoty Sneha , Saha Anurag , Jana Torsha , Sawhney Jyoti
Published: July 2022

Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) accounts for approximately 1% of malignant tumors and 10 to 15% of hematological neoplasms. It is a malignant disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of plasma cells and monoclonal immunoglobulins or free light chains (FLCs). There are many morphological variations of the myeloma plasma cells which include mature, immature, plasmablastic, and pleomorphic types. Here, we report a rare presentation of PCM with normal serum protein electrophoresis but elevated serum FLCs and having convoluted, multilobated, and monocytoid morphology. This type of morphology is related to an aggressive clinical course and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Moreover, absence of M protein in serum/urine electrophoresis does not rule out the diagnosis of PCM and serum FLC assays plays an important role in this kind of scenarios.
Getting it right: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: July 2022

Step-by-step guide to the surface analysis technique highlights common pitfalls and how to avoid them.
Groundwater flows deep under Antarctic ice
Authors: Lopatka Alex
Published: July 2022

Ice-dynamics models must be updated now that researchers have observed a thick layer of salty water in sediments beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Thermodynamics of the climate system
Authors: Singh Martin S. , O’Neill Morgan E
Published: July 2022

To understand Earth’s climate, think of it as a giant, planetary-scale heat engine that drives the circulation of the oceans and atmosphere.
Government-subsidised mental health services are underused in Australian residential aged care facilities
Authors: Cations Monica , Collier Luke R. , Caughey Gillian , Bartholomaeus Jonathan , Lang Catherine , Crotty Maria , Harvey Gillian , Wesselingh Steven , Corlis Megan , Inacio Maria C.
Published: July 2022

Objective To describe patterns of use of the available Government-subsidised mental health services among people living in Australian residential aged care facilities. Methods A retrospective population-based trend analysis was conducted, including all non-Indigenous people living in an Australian facility between 2012 and 2017. Adjusted incidence proportions and trends were estimated for four groups of mental health services. Results The use of Medicare-subsidised mental health services was very low overall. The proportion of residents who accessed primary care mental health services increased from 1.3% in 2012/2013 to 2.4% in 2016/2017, while psychiatry service use increased from 1.9 to 2.3%. Claims for clinical psychology increased from 0.18 to 0.26%, and claims for a registered psychologist, occupational therapist or social worker rose from 0.45 to 1.2%. People with dementia were less likely than people without dementia to access all services aside from psychiatry services. Conclusions Less than 3% of residents accessed funding subsidies for mental health services and people with dementia experienced pronounced barriers to service access. Mental health care is a pillar of the publicly-funded health system in Australia, and low use of these services among aged care residents indicates a need for organisational and policy changes to improve access.
Real-time visualization of mRNA synthesis during memory formation in live mice
Authors: Lee Byung Hun , Shim Jae Youn , Moon Hyungseok C. , Kim Dong Wook , Kim Jiwon , Yook Jang Soo , Kim Jinhyun , Park Hye Yoon
Published: July 2022

Memories are thought to be encoded in populations of neurons called memory trace or engram cells. However, little is known about the dynamics of these cells because of the difficulty in real-time monitoring of them over long periods of time in vivo. To overcome this limitation, we present a genetically encoded RNA indicator (GERI) mouse for intravital chronic imaging of endogenous
Arc
messenger RNA (mRNA)—a popular marker for memory trace cells. We used our GERI to identify
Arc
-positive neurons in real time without the delay associated with reporter protein expression in conventional approaches. We found that the
Arc
-positive neuronal populations rapidly turned over within 2 d in the hippocampal CA1 region, whereas ∼4% of neurons in the retrosplenial cortex consistently expressed
Arc
following contextual fear conditioning and repeated memory retrievals. Dual imaging of GERI and a calcium indicator in CA1 of mice navigating a virtual reality environment revealed that only the population of neurons expressing
Arc
during both encoding and retrieval exhibited relatively high calcium activity in a context-specific manner. This in vivo RNA-imaging approach opens the possibility of unraveling the dynamics of the neuronal population underlying various learning and memory processes.
Distinct gene expression dynamics in developing and regenerating crustacean limbs
Authors: Sinigaglia Chiara , Almazán Alba , Lebel Marie , Sémon Marie , Gillet Benjamin , Hughes Sandrine , Edsinger Eric , Averof Michalis , Paris Mathilde
Published: July 2022

Regenerating animals have the ability to reproduce body parts that were originally made in the embryo and subsequently lost due to injury. Understanding whether regeneration mirrors development is an open question in most regenerative species. Here, we take a transcriptomics approach to examine whether leg regeneration shows similar temporal patterns of gene expression as leg development in the embryo, in the crustaceanParhyale hawaiensis. We find that leg development in the embryo shows stereotypic temporal patterns of gene expression. In contrast, the dynamics of gene expression during leg regeneration show a higher degree of variation related to the physiology of individual animals. A major driver of this variation is the molting cycle. We dissect the transcriptional signals of individual physiology and regeneration to obtain clearer temporal signals marking distinct phases of leg regeneration. Comparing the transcriptional dynamics of development and regeneration we find that, although the two processes use similar sets of genes, the temporal patterns in which these genes are deployed are different and cannot be systematically aligned.
A multimodal approach to reformulation
Authors: Meurant Laurence , Sinte Aurélie , Gabarró-López Sílvia
Published: July 2022

Reformulation is remarkably frequent in discourse and has been the subject of much work in spoken languages, both on written and oral data. Because of its metalinguistic nature, combined with its general aim of clarifying an expression, the act of reformulation offers a window to the way speakers process and adjust their expression in discourse. However, to date, the study of reformulation has hardly taken into account the now increasingly recognized multimodal and semiotically composite nature of language. This study aims to revisit the notion of reformulation from a multimodal perspective by comparing the use and semiotic composition of reformulations in the discourse of speakers and signers, as well as in the productions of interpreters. In doing so, we lay the foundations for a comparative study of discourse in signed and spoken language that accounts for the multimodality and semiotic complexity of language practices in different human ecologies.
Real-time tracking of source movement by Cherenkov emission imaging for high-dose-rate brachytherapy
Authors: Yogo K. , Tatsuno Y. , Shimo T. , Noguchi Y. , Okudaira K. , Nozawa M. , Ishiyama H. , Yasuda H. , Oguchi H. , Yamamoto S.
Published: July 2022

Quality assurance (QA) of the source movement is essential
for ensuring the safe delivery of high-dose-rate (HDR)
brachytherapy. Here, we proposed a simple and effective method for
real-time tracking of the source movement in high-dose-rate
brachytherapy based on Cherenkov emission imaging. The Cherenkov
light emitted from water irradiated by 192Ir-source
γ-rays was captured using a high-sensitivity video
camera. The source positions and dwell intervals were determined
from the light images and compared with the preset values. The
source dwell times and transit speeds were measured from the time
course of the source positions. The brightness profiles were
compared with the dose distributions provided by the treatment
planning system. The source movements were visualized in real time
as a movie of Cherenkov light emissions. The source positional
intervals measured from the Cherenkov emission images agreed well to
the preset values within 0.3 mm. The source dwell times were
comparable to the preset values within 0.2 s, and the transit
speeds were similar to those of previous reports. The brightness
distributions agreed with the dose distributions within
approximately 40%, except near the source center. The proposed
Cherenkov method has good potential for tracking the source movement
in real time in brachytherapy, as it could enable simultaneous
measurements of the source positions, dwell times, and dose
distributions.
A Study on the Influence of Vegetation Growth on Slope Stability
Authors: Naredla Pooja , Sangeetha S
Published: July 2022

Vegetation plays a major role in terms of slope stability. Roots of grass and trees can increase the strength properties of soil which improves the stability of slope. A natural slope consists of grass and infinite number of trees inclined in different directions along with inclined roots. The aim of the paper is to study the effects of vegetation growth on slope stability for different root reinforced soil depth by varying tree inclination (along with roots), root spread and tree spacing for different slope geometry. The study involves determination of safety factor (FOS) of natural slope existing with and without vegetation growth (such as only grass, grass and trees). GeoStudio Slope/w software with limit equilibrium method was used for stability analysis of different slope inclinations. A tree was modelled as a point load and its roots were represented as reinforced soil properties with anchors and only as root reinforced soil. When compared to the bare slope, it was observed that there was an increase in FOS of slope on both the models of vegetation. Variations in FOS by varying root reinforced soil depth, tree inclinations and spacings were reported for different slope geometry and compared. Considering all these parameters, an empirical corelation for computation of vegetation influenced FOS has been developed. This study provides a mechanical accountability of vegetation cover on the stability of slopes.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case Study
Authors: Sharma Akriti , Hooda Nishtha , Gupta Nidhi Rani , Sharma Renu
Published: July 2022

Air pollution is among the world’s major environmental concerns. It remains a major health threat in India and is the leading environmental cause of morbidity in the country. There is considerable evidence that heavy and prolonged exposure to several air contaminants increases the cancer risk. The prevalence of breast cancer in citified environments with high exposure to air pollution has been seen to be elevated. Among various Indian cities, the Delhi cancer registry is having a high breast cancer incidence (28.6%). Owing to the recent and unprecedented global outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), India is exploring every possible way of controlling its vigorous human transmission. Work from home culture is adopted so as to maintain social distancing during the lockdown. This momentary stoppage is substantially reducing the level of air pollution in several city areas across India dramatically. This paper (i) Overviews the breast cancer and air pollution association; (ii) Compiles the air quality data of Delhi monitored by CPCB during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown time and compares it with pre-lockdown air quality data; (iii) Explores the reduced threat of breast cancer in Delhi during the nationwide lockdown. This work concluded that Air pollution serves a significant part in breast cancer occurrence. The countrywide lockdown in an attempt to prevent Covid-19 transmission has greatly improved the air quality of various Indian cities like Delhi. Also, with an unprecedented drop in rates of air pollution over Delhi, breast cancer occurrence may also decrease.
Life cycle cost analysis of wastewater treatment technologies
Authors: Rathore Purva , Killedar D J , Parde Divyesh , Sahare Akansha
Published: July 2022

With the ever-increasing population, volumes of wastewater treatment are a major concern in our country. The Activated Sludge Process (ASP), Biological Filtration and Oxygenated Reactor (BIOFOR), Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), and Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR) are all monetarily investigated in the present study using the Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA) tool. In this study, life cycle costing is done using the present value method, which involves discounting the costs for a 20-year economic life. The costs of treating wastewater per million litres per day (MLD) of wastewater treatment technology are obtained from the literature. Moreover, this study takes into account the capital, annual operation, energy, salvage, and replacement costs to compare the life cycle costs of ASP, UASB, BIOFOR, and MBBR to make the best guess of an economical technology. The LCCA demonstrates that the MBBR has the highest costs of treatment, resulting in the highest Life Cycle Cost (LCC). BIOFOR has the largest energy requirement making LCC the second-highest among the technologies. In India, ASP is one of the most widely used technologies, whose LCC is the third most advanced of the four technologies. Because of its lower energy and operating costs, UASB has the lowest LCC.
Petrology and geochemistry of Charnockite patches and host Leptynites from Digapahandi area, EGB: Evidence for incipient growth of Charnockites
Authors: Misra Sagar , Mishra Varun Kumar , Tiwari Rabindra Nath , Vishwakarma Neeraj
Published: July 2022

Occurrences of the small, elongated, irregular shape of charnockite patches along the foliation planes of the leptynites in Digapahandi area, Ganjam district, Odisha of Eastern Ghats Belt (EGB) are reported. Petrography and mineral chemistry of charnockite patches and host leptynites suggest that both the rocks have analogues mineral assemblages, except the presence of ortho-pyroxene in charnockite patches. The mineral chemistry studies revealed that mineral phases common in both rocks are chemically identical. Based on whole rocks geochemistry it is evident that both charnockite patches and host leptynites are iso-chemical. The adamellite composition, per-aluminous nature with positive Europium anomaly of host leptynite and charnockite patches suggests their co-genetic relation. Higher values of (La/Yb)N and (Gd/Lu)N of leptynites indicate the highly fractionated HREE pattern of leptynites. High concentrations of HREE in charnockite patches are due to the influence of fluid phase in granulite facies metamorphism. The charnockite patches are characterized by higher K2O content, higher HREE concentration, and less abundance of biotite indicating the in-situ growth of patchy charnockites.
Footprints of Sedimentation on Loss of Reservoir Life using Satellite Remote Sensing Technique
Authors: Jibhakate Tulshidas M. , Katpatal Yashwant B.
Published: July 2022

Reservoir is the most important water storage systems especially in areas where groundwater potential is low which can be used for domestic, irrigation as well as industrial water supply. The sedimentation which is a natural phenomenon of settling sediment particles in a reservoir is observed to be enhanced with construction of dams due to change in flow dynamics. Sedimentation in a reservoir takes place in dead storage zone as well as in live storage zone causing reduction in useful capacity of reservoir over a period of time, thereby affecting the designed water supply planning. Sedimentation in live storage zone can be estimated using Remote Sensing Technique which will gives us synoptic view of a reservoir. Present study aimed at estimating a reduction in live storage capacity with the help of satellite imageries. For this, the Totladoh Reservoir which is situated on the boundary of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, India has been selected for the study. Totladoh reservoir is situated in calc gneisses type of metamorphic rocks. Green and near-infrared bands were used to calculate the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The rate of siltation for Totladoh reservoir has been estimated for the period of 1982-2020 using LANDSAT 8 satellite imageries having 30 m spatial resolution. Percentage loss of live storage for year 2020 is found to be 17.63. Rate of Siltation in the reservoir is 1173 m3/km2/year which is more under prevailing conditions when compared to CWC values.
Hydro-geochemical elucidation and its implications in the Wardha valley coalfields of central India
Authors: Ganvir P S , Guhey Rajeeva
Published: July 2022

The performed endeavour is to elucidate the hydro-geochemistry of the groundwater in the Wardha valley coalfield of central India. Being a coalfield of well-appreciated coal exploiting region, many studies has also disclosed the prevailing contamination issues in the same. The study is motivated to understand the groundwater chemistry and its possible implications in contamination prevalence. The measured hydro-geochemical parameters from 45 groundwater samples have manifested the rock-water interaction as a controlling mechanism with the dominance of CaMgCl facies to the extent of 67 % to 81 % in pre- and post-monsoon respectively. The hydro-geochemical facies analysis specified the ascendency of strong acid (SO4
2--Cl--NO3
-) over weak acids (HCO3
-). Such domination not only lowers the pH of the groundwater but also provide an encouraging hydro-geochemical situation for contaminations. To mitigate the contaminations like of heavy metals in and around coalfields, the pre-deliberations of such hydro-geochemical studies should be much anticipated and the present study is in agreement to it.