bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ФАКТОРЫ, ПРЕПЯТСТВУЮЩИЕ ГЕНЕРИРОВАНИЮ ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЙ ИДЕИ ПРИ РЕШЕНИИ ПРОБЛЕМНОЙ ЗАДАЧИ ОБУЧАЮЩИМИСЯ В НЕЯЗЫКОВОМ ВУЗЕ
Authors: Буковский Станислав Леонидович
Published: July 2023

Настоящая статья посвящена анализу факторов, препятствующих развитию умений творческого решения проблемных задачи при выполнении коммуникативных упражнений на занятиях по иностранным языкам в неязыковом вузе. В статье представлен перечень факторов, снижающих уровень применения творческого мышления на занятии в неязыковом вузе.

The present article is devoted to the analysis of the factors that hinder the development of creative problem solving skills in communicative exercises in the classes on foreign languages in non-language universities. The article presents a list of factors which reduce the level of application of creative thinking in the class at a non-language university.
INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO INDOOR PLAYGROUNDS PROJECTING
Authors: Валенис Артур Алексадрович , Ядута Анна Зауровна
Published: July 2023

В статье рассмотрены основные шаги проектирования закрытых детских площадок с использованием 3D Max.

The main steps of designing indoor playgrounds with using 3D Max are viewed in this article.
Salient sounds distort time perception and production
Authors: Symons Ashley , Dick Fred , Tierney Adam
Published: July 2023

The auditory world is often cacophonous, with some sounds capturing attention and distracting us from our goals. Despite the universality of this experience, many questions remain about how and why sound captures attention, how rapidly behavior is disrupted, and how long this interference lasts. Here, we use a novel measure of behavioral disruption to test predictions made by models of auditory salience. Models predict that goal-directed behavior is disrupted immediately after points in time that feature a high degree of spectrotemporal change. We find that behavioral disruption is precisely time-locked to the onset of distracting sound events: Participants who tap to a metronome temporarily increase their tapping speed 750 ms after the onset of distractors. Moreover, this response is greater for more salient sounds (larger amplitude) and sound changes (greater pitch shift). We find that the time course of behavioral disruption is highly similar after acoustically disparate sound events: Both sound onsets and pitch shifts of continuous background sounds speed responses at 750 ms, with these effects dying out by 1,750 ms. These temporal distortions can be observed using only data from the first trial across participants. A potential mechanism underlying these results is that arousal increases after distracting sound events, leading to an expansion of time perception, and causing participants to misjudge when their next movement should begin.
TANGO: A reliable, open-source, browser-based task to assess individual differences in gaze understanding in 3 to 5-year-old children and adults
Authors: Prein Julia Christin , Kalinke Steven , Haun Daniel B. M. , Bohn Manuel
Published: July 2023

Traditional measures of social cognition used in developmental research often lack satisfactory psychometric properties and are not designed to capture variation between individuals. Here, we present the TANGO (Task for Assessing iNdividual differences in Gaze understanding-Open); a brief (approx. 5–10min), reliable, open-source task to quantify individual differences in the understanding of gaze cues. Localizing the attentional focus of an agent is crucial in inferring their mental states, building common ground, and thus, supporting cooperation. Our interactive browser-based task works across devices and enables in-person and remote testing. The implemented spatial layout allows for discrete and continuous measures of participants’ click imprecision and is easily adaptable to different study requirements. Our task measures inter-individual differences in a child (N = 387) and an adult (N = 236) sample. Our two study versions and data collection modes yield comparable results that show substantial developmental gains: the older children are, the more accurately they locate the target. High internal consistency and test–retest reliability estimates underline that the captured variation is systematic. Associations with social-environmental factors and language skills speak to the validity of the task. This work shows a promising way forward in studying individual differences in social cognition and will help us explore the structure and development of our core social-cognitive processes in greater detail.
Terracotta: A tool for conducting experimental research on student learning
Authors: Motz Benjamin A. , Üner Öykü , Jankowski Harmony E. , Christie Marcus A. , Burgas Kim , del Blanco Orobitg Diego , McDaniel Mark A.
Published: July 2023

For researchers seeking to improve education, a common goal is to identify teaching practices that have causal benefits in classroom settings. To test whether an instructional practice exerts a causal influence on an outcome measure, the most straightforward and compelling method is to conduct an experiment. While experimentation is common in laboratory studies of learning, experimentation is increasingly rare in classroom settings, and to date, researchers have argued it is prohibitively expensive and difficult to conduct experiments on education in situ. To address this challenge, we present Terracotta (Tool for Education Research with RAndomized COnTrolled TriAls), an open-source web application that integrates with a learning management system to provide a comprehensive experimental research platform within an online class site. Terracotta automates randomization, informed consent, experimental manipulation of different versions of learning activities, and export of de-identified research data. Here we describe these features, and the results of a live classroom demonstration study using Terracotta, a preregistered replication of McDaniel et al. (Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 1(1), 18–26, 2012). Using Terracotta, we experimentally manipulated online review assignments so that consenting students alternated, on a weekly basis, between taking multiple-choice quizzes (retrieval practice) and reading answers to these quizzes (restudy). Students' performance on subsequent exams was significantly improved for items that had been in retrieval practice review assignments. This successful replication demonstrates that Terracotta can be used to experimentally manipulate consequential aspects of students’ experiences in education settings.
Effects of Career Planning and University Environment Support on Property Management at Universitas Ciputra, Surabaya
Authors: Aryani Ni Putu , Pebruanto Dwi Sunu Widyo , Budidharmanto Lexi Pranata , Agustina Karina Enny , Purwadi Kezia Victory
Published: July 2023

The increase of high-rise buildings in Indonesia is not accompanied by an increase in the professional staff who manage them. This research was conducted because of the high demand for professional staff to manage high-rise buildings. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires by purposive sampling to 92 students in semesters 3 and 5 from two majors, namely Hotel and Tourism Business Major and Interior Architecture major. Quantitative descriptive method was usedwith multiple regression analysis which tested three hypotheses with two independent variables; Career Planning (X1) and University Environment Support (X2) and one dependent variable; Career Preparation (Y). The research results prove that career planning and university environment support have a role in career preparation independently or simultaneously. Thus, it can be concluded that students state the importance of specializing in property management in order to meet professional needs as property managers.
Fiscal Policy and Tax Revenue on the Growth and Development of the Ghanaian Economy: Adam Smith’s Classical Model of Taxation as a Referent Yardstick
Authors: Crentsil Justice Ebo
Published: July 2023

This study examined the impact of fiscal policy on Ghana’s economic growth and development, focusing on the period from 2010 to 2019. Using an Ex-post facto research design and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model, the investigation evaluates the influence of fiscal policy instruments, specifically tax revenue and government expenditure, on economic growth represented by GDP and infrastructural development (INDF). Findings show a strong correlation between fiscal policy instruments and GDP, indicating a significant impact of fiscal policy on Ghana’s economic growth. In contrast, while fiscal policy instruments demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with infrastructural development, they did not show a statistically significant impact, suggesting other factors might also considerably influence INDF. However, when considering tax revenue alone, a statistically significant impact on infrastructural development was observed. The results underscore the need for sound fiscal policies to drive economic growth, as effective government expenditure and tax revenue management could foster a conducive environment for GDP growth.
Peningkatan Produktivitas Usaha di Kalangan Pemuda Sebagai Wujud Semangat Krativitas dan Inovatif Pemuda dalam Berwirausaha
Authors: Hastuti Dwi , Abunawas Abunawas , Misral Misral , Rahmayanti Sri , Ali Ardi Hendri , Fikri Khusnul , Kusumah Alum
Published: July 2023

Tujuan utama dari program ini adalah melatih pemuda bagaimana meningatkan produktifitas kewirausahawaan terutama bagi pebisnis pemula (star up Bussiness). Melalui pelatihan pembekalan ilmu pengetahuan tentang wirausaha, para peserta di ajarkan untuk memotivasi diri, merubah mindset, mencari inspirasi untuk melahirkan ide kreatif dan inovatif sebagai cara meningkatkan produktivitas, sehingga diharapkan mampu bertahan dan terus berkembang dalam dinamika iklim usaha yang digeluti. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan berupa ceramah, testimoni dari usahawan yang berhasil, diskusi kelompok serta tanya jawab. Hasil yang dicapai dari pelatihan ini telah menginspirasi dan memotivasi peserta meningkatkan produktifitas usaha mereka dengan semangat dan penuh rasa perjuangan dalam menjalankan aktifitas usahanya.
WİLHELM DİLTHEY FELSEFESİNDE İNSAN PROBLEMİ
Authors: Topakkaya Arslan , Urtekin Gülsima
Published: July 2023

Dilthey, 19. yy’ın önemli filozoflarındandır. Onu diğer filozoflardan ayıran özellik, insan üzerine yaptığı çalışmalardır. Çünkü, Dilthey öncesi filozoflar insanı sadece varlık kategorisinde değerlendirmiştir. Böylece insan, ne olduğu açıklanan ve bu açıklama bağlamında değerlendirilen bir varlığa dönüştürülmüştür. Ancak Dilthey, insanı açıklamadan ziyade insanı anlamaya önem vermiştir. Dilthey’e göre, insanın ne olduğunu açıklamak insanı Doğa Bilimlerinin nesnesi haline getirmektedir. Ancak insan, Doğa Bilimsel yasalar ve yöntemlerle açıklanmamalıdır. Bu bağlamda Dilthey, Doğa Bilimlerinin karşısına Tin Bilimlerini yerleştirmiştir. Ancak kurulması istenilen Tin Bilimleri, Doğa Bilimlerinin tersi ya da rakibi değildir. İki bilim de konu, yöntem ve işleyiş bakımından birbirlerinden ayrıdır. Çünkü Doğa Bilimleri açıklamaya yönelikken Tin Bilimleri anlamaya yöneliktir. Bu bağlamda insan, Tin bilimlerinin nesnesi olarak açıklanmadan önce anlaşılması gereken bir varlığa dönüşmüştür. Böylece Dilthey aynı zamanda filozoflara yeni bir görev getirmiştir. Çünkü filozoflar artık Doğa Bilimine ait bilgileri temellendirmek yerine doğrudan insanı anlamaya yönelik çalışmalıdır. Sonuç olarak, felsefe tarihinde hem filozofların hem de felsefenin insanı anlamaya yönelmesini istemiş; bunun için gerekli olan ontolojik, metodolojik ve epistemolojik zemini hazırlamaya çalışmıştır.
A Model for Confined Solar Eruptions Including External Reconnection
Authors: Chen Jun , Cheng Xin , Kliem Bernhard , Ding MingDe
Published: July 2023

The violent disruption of the coronal magnetic field is often observed to be restricted to the low corona, appearing as a confined eruption. The possible causes of the confinement remain elusive. Here, we model the eruption of a magnetic flux rope in a quadrupolar active region, with the parameters set such that magnetic X-lines exist both below and above the rope. This facilitates the onset of magnetic reconnection in either place but with partly opposing effects on the eruption. The lower reconnection initially adds poloidal flux to the rope, increasing the upward hoop force and supporting the rise of the rope. However, when the flux of the magnetic side lobes enters the lower reconnection, the flux rope is found to separate from the reconnection site and the flux accumulation ceases. At the same time, the upper reconnection begins to reduce the poloidal flux of the rope, decreasing its hoop force; eventually this cuts the rope completely. The relative weight of the two reconnection processes is varied in the model, and it is found that their combined effect and the tension force of the overlying field confine the eruption if the flux ratio of the outer to the inner polarities exceeds a threshold, which is ∼1.3 for our Cartesian box and chosen parameters. We hence propose that external reconnection between an erupting flux rope and overlying flux can play a vital role in confining eruptions.
JWST Peers into the Class I Protostar TMC1A: Atomic Jet and Spatially Resolved Dissociative Shock Region
Authors: Harsono D. , Bjerkeli P. , Ramsey J. P. , Pontoppidan K. M. , Kristensen L. E. , Jørgensen J. K. , Calcutt H. , Li Z-Y. , Plunkett A.
Published: July 2023

Outflows and winds launched from young stars play a crucial role in the evolution of protostars and the early stages of planet formation. However, the specific details of the mechanism behind these phenomena, including how they affect the protoplanetary disk structure, are still debated. We present JWST NIRSpec integral field unit observations of atomic and H2 lines from 1 to 5.1 μm toward the low-mass protostar TMC1A. For the first time, a collimated atomic jet is detected from TMC1A in the [Fe ii] line at 1.644 μm along with corresponding extended H2 2.12 μm emission. Toward the protostar, we detected spectrally broad H i and He i emissions with velocities up to 300 km s−1 that can be explained by a combination of protostellar accretion and a wide-angle wind. The 2 μm continuum dust emission, H i, He i, and O i all show emission from the illuminated outflow cavity wall and scattered line emission. These observations demonstrate the potential of JWST to characterize and reveal new information about the hot inner regions of nearby protostars; in this case, a previously undetected atomic wind and ionized jet in a well-known outflow.
D3.1 Inventory of current European network for monitoring. Web-based database
Authors: Morán-Ordóñez Alejandra , Martí Pino David , Brotons Lluís
Published: July 2023

This report describes the database on biodiversity monitoring initiatives at the European level collected by EuropaBON (WP3 - task 3.1; EuropaBON biodiversity database from hereon) and the web-based platform (website) that contains it. The website serves the dual purpose of being the platform for data entry, as well as to allow the visualisation and quick consultation of the collected data. This report also gives a brief summary of the data collected up to the date of delivery of the report (end November 2021). Previous efforts on collecting information on existing monitoring efforts in Europe have concentrated in describing programs using a generalist approach that has received criticism because of lack of completeness even for well documented groups such as birds. Including all available information on monitoring in Europe at any spatial scale is difficult because of the high number of unlinked initiatives, specially at local scales, and the dynamic nature of these projects both in terms of the emergence of new efforts and the disappearance of old ones. To address this challenge, the EuropaBON project focusses on the monitoring network concept and aims at identifying, with priority, those monitoring efforts that are coordinated and especially those in which this coordination is consistent at a supranational level and at the European scale. Coordination in the context of monitoring is related to the integration of data and information across scales which is the underlying concept of a future successful biodiversity monitoring network in Europe.
Alien ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) on a quest to conquer Greece: a review including an updated species checklist and guidance for future research
Authors: Demetriou Jakovos , Georgiadis Christos , Koutsoukos Evangelos , Borowiec Lech , Salata Sebastian
Published: July 2023

Biological invasions represent one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss with adverse impacts on human societies, economies and public health. More than 500 ant species have been transported outside their native range with the help of humans, while the majority of them have managed to establish viable populations in the wild. Nevertheless, data from the Mediterranean region suggest that most alien ants occupy anthropogenic habitats with little spread in semi-natural and natural habitats. Research on biological invasions of ants in Greece had previously identified a total of 15 alien ant species. In this article, an extensive literature investigation and material examination provide a revised checklist of the alien myrmecofauna of Greece. Although the number of alien ant species remains the same, the checklist’s composition is largely altered to provide an up-to-date overview of the country’s alien myrmecofauna in order to enhance management decisions and future research. The presence and distribution of alien ants within Greek administrative divisions, NATURA 2000 sites and Corine Land Cover types are analysed and presented. In particular, the species richness of alien ants seems to be highest in the Aegean Archipelago (Crete and Southern Aegean Islands) probably due to uneven collecting efforts and increased climatic suitability. Alien ant species are mostly associated with anthropogenic habitats including urban and agricultural areas, although a significant percentage has managed to spread into forest and semi-natural areas, including protected NATURA 2000 sites. Future research directions enhancing the monitoring of alien ants and their impacts are indicated to safeguard native ant biodiversity and conservation efforts of rare and endemic taxa.
Approximation properties of Stancu type Szász-Mirakjan operators
Authors: Lian Bo-Yong , Cai Qing-Bo
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a class of Stancu type Szász-Mirakjan operators are introduced. The approximation properties of the operators are discussed using tools of modulus of continuity, modulus of smoothness and K-functional. The estimation of the Lipschitz function class by the operators is also studied. Later, the Voronvskaya type asymptotic expansion of the operators is established. Finally, we compare the convergence of these newly defined operators for certain functions with certain graphs.
Swarm Intelligence and Evolutionary Machine Learning Algorithms for COVID-19
Authors: Babu C. V. Suresh , Praveen Sam
Published: July 2023

Healthcare delivery makes use of cutting-edge technology like AI, IoT, big data, and machine learning to prevent and treat emerging diseases. In this chapter, the authors examine SI's crucial role in analysing, preventing, and combating the COVID-19 pandemic as well as other pandemics. They gathered the most recent data on AI for COVID-19 and evaluated it to determine if it may be used to treat this illness. They discovered seven crucial AI applications for the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers have been working to create a variety of AI models to solve the difficulties associated with medical diagnosis, prediction, and forecasting of medical data in recent years, with the healthcare system at the forefront of research. AI techniques include SI and EA. These algorithms have sped up the development of data analytics methods due to the increased availability of healthcare data. When complex issues are solved computationally in distributed systems, the SI and EA are employed to analyse collective behaviour. Deploying derivative free optimization using SI is affordable, versatile, and reliable.
Theory Into Practice
Authors: Li Tingting , Miller Emily Adah , Krajcik Joseph S.
Published: July 2023

Facing the increasingly complex and ever-changing environment of present challenges, citizens in the fourth industrial revolution across the globe will need to develop knowledge-in-use proficiencies, which equips them with the scientific knowledge to make evidence-based informed decisions, support policy changes, and understand future consequences of lack of action. However, knowledge-in-use is a complex construct with multiple different sub-components. It remains challenging to both understand the underlying information processing mechanism and the inner cognitive process of knowledge-in-use. This chapter unfolds the latent process of developing knowledge-in-use by referencing several landmark cognitive models. Building on that, this chapter discusses how a project-based learning environment has the potential to support students' knowledge-in-use development.
Philosophical Mediation Between Patriarchal Theory and Feminism
Authors: Bruno Umunakwe Onyinye
Published: July 2023

Legal dissolutions of traditional rights phenomenon and the constitutional elevations of gender neutrality have stirred deep argument within contemporary societies. The cultural Igbo society takes the lead to insist that rights systems are inherent because nature assigned certain rights to each gender of which men have superior rights while rights accruable to women are limited, and inferior. This delineates systematically patriarchal rights which are thereof eternally proactive, culturally endorsed, ontologically certified, religiously approved, and politically acceptable. Recent events show that a manifestation of male dominance over women is the gross restriction of women's legitimate right to power and possession. It is on this premise that the study argues that though there are cultural evidence of gender roles and biological differences do not mean that a particular gender is superior, more powerful, or should enjoy higher rights than the other. The study tends to promote gender neutrality which is subjected to criticisms for further research.
Becoming My Future Self
Authors: Middleton Andrew J. W. , Mogridge Zoe , Foley Stef R.
Published: July 2023

Fostering a sense of becoming to frame student transition through the implementation of an ambitious university-wide Live Briefs programme is the subject of this case study. The model involves the development of assignment briefs created through partnerships with employers and other professionals. The brief sets out a current problem or opportunity based on an actual real-world situation forming a challenge that requires the student to apply relevant knowledge, skills, and professional attitudes. Example briefs are included incorporating feedback from students and employers. The Live Brief scaffolds the individual learner to transition from the singular academic framework through the curriculum and situate themselves in their professional context as they transfer and utilise their knowledge and skills, thereby forming a strong connection between the academic and professional environments.
Students as Peer Researchers
Authors: Warwick-Booth Louise , Coan Susan , Rushworth Sara , Davies Samantha , Cross Ruth , Rowlands Simon , Ismaila Muhammad Sanusi , Uneke Ekwutosi , Osoro Olamide Inioluwa , Oladele Dolapo , Wagland Jake
Published: July 2023

This chapter reports learning from students participating as peer researchers in a pedagogically focused study. The chapter documents the peer research model used, its challenges, and its successes, to add to the evidence base about the reality of using participatory approaches, specifically with and for students. The chapter details findings from a study about the lived experiences of postgraduate students as they transition into learning at master's level. By exploring experiences qualitatively through the voices of students, lessons about the ways in which these inform lived experiences, enable better understanding of the wider circumstances affecting postgraduate student transitions, and their associated support needs are detailed. This chapter adds to the evidence base around postgraduate student transitions.
On the Online Container Stacking Inside Intermodal Terminals
Authors: Ferjani Aicha , El Yaagoubi Amina , Duvallet Claude
Published: July 2023

This chapter addresses the online variant of the container-stacking problem that the first French container port of Le Havre faces. This problem occurs when terminals are subjected to unpredictable changes and when information about the storage process cannot be available a priori to plan for containers' storage. In such cases, containers should be stored online, dynamically, and according to the terminal's current state. For that, the authors suggest making multi-criteria decisions to select container's position. They propose an online multi-levels heuristic approach that determines, at each level, where a container should be stored. They use the TOPSIS method to solve the multi-criteria decision-making problem. In order to define the value of the weights of the criteria in TOPSIS, they suggest a simulation optimization approach that can be carried out offline. The approach is used to solve the real problem of container stacking in a new intermodal terminal in the Paris region, and the results show that the approach performs better than standard online stacking rules.
The Effect of Workplace Relocation on the General Satisfaction of Commuting (GSC)
Authors: Jonescu Emil E. , Ramanayaka Chamil Erik
Published: July 2023

This study explores how an imposed (“disruption event”) workplace relocation from Subiaco to Perth's (Western Australia) City Centre in July-August 2021affected built environment professionals' employee general satisfaction with commuting (GSC). Four theories were examined: H1: Workers are usually content with their commuting; H2: Employees' GSC is impacted by office relocation; H3: Employees' commute modality is influenced by office relocation; and H4: GSC is influenced by weekly expenditure, commute duration, transport category, and commute distance. Survey findings suggest that GSC decreases with distance, except for the 6-10km group prior to relocation. GSC generally decreased as weekly commuting expenditure increased. Post-relocation car dependency sharply decreased and commute satisfaction increased. The study contributes to increasing cross-disciplinary dialogue and understanding in urban and community development, and transportation infrastructure planning and construction, and initiates an understanding of causative variables toward building generalisable theory.
Contested Electoral Democracy in Africa
Authors: Tshishonga Ndwakhulu Stephen , Aluko Opeyemi Idowu
Published: July 2023

The underlaying principles of democracy are central for political, socio-economic development. Democracy allows individuals to express themselves by participating in the political processes in their societies without hindrance. Considering that Nigeria is not only a federal state but also a diverse nation with different religious, political, and ethnic backgrounds, it makes its democratic elections complicated. This is further compounded by the reality that most political parties in the colonial era and the First and Second Republics were formed along ethnic and regional lines. Recent constitutional amendments have altered this, and political parties enjoy the national spread. This chapter argues the consequences of electoral democracy in Africa, particularly in Nigeria, leads to electoral violence which often degenerates into political unrest with devastating consequences.
Security in Digital Marketing
Authors: Rosário Albérico Travassos
Published: July 2023

Digital marketing presents both challenges and opportunities when it comes to security. As more and more customer data is collected and stored digitally, the potential for sensitive information to fall into the wrong hands increases. Digital marketing also offers opportunities for improved security. Implementing two-factor authentication and using unique and complex passwords can also minimize the risk of unauthorized access to accounts and personal information. Overall, the key to maintaining security in digital marketing is to be proactive and stay informed about the latest threats and vulnerabilities. This includes staying up to date on best practices for data protection and regularly monitoring and testing your systems for security weaknesses. Based on this research gap, a systematic review of the bibliometric literature was performed, and data were synthesized from 80 documents identified through Scopus indexing. This research aims to assess the challenges and opportunities.
The Role of Telework in Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fuhrer Chantal
Published: July 2023

The aim of this article is to better understand the role of telework in resilience during the pandemic. The authors analyze the results from five online surveys from March 2020 to February 2021. The corpus results from the compilation of different sources: written reports on March 2020, a narrative survey on April 2020, a quantitative survey on May 2020, a second narrative survey on December 2020, and finally, three focus groups on February 2021. Thus, the transcription of 1,299 managers is studied following the textual data analysis methods. The findings indicate that the role of telework differs according to whether the resilience is individual or collective. It also changes over time and differs according to the process of resilience which the authors propose to divide into three phases: preventive resilience (before the disaster), reactive resilience (during the disaster), and curative resilience (after the disaster). The authors use the results of the resilience study to discuss implications for the development of telework as a digital tool and practice.
The Impact of E-Commerce on Urban Green Innovation Development
Authors: Wang Bingbing , Zhang Liang , Wang Dingqing , Jiang Guoliang
Published: July 2023

Green innovation development is essential to achieve “carbon neutrality and carbon peaking” and drive sustainable urban growth, which greatly influences the global green economy. This paper probes into the influence of e-commerce on urban green innovation and its mechanism using a multi-period double difference model. The authors examine the heterogeneous impact of e-commerce on urban green innovation under various urban characteristics. The study reveals that e-commerce development enhances urban entrepreneurial vitality, promotes investment agglomeration, and fosters favorable social conditions and sufficient financial guarantees for green innovation development. E-commerce development's promotion effect shows a “U-shaped” trend as the extent of urban green innovation increases. Additionally, the impact of e-commerce development on urban green innovation is highly dependent on its resource endowments. Therefore, we should focus on the empowering effect of e-commerce development on green innovation to provide new growth opportunities for the green economy.
Development and Validation of a SPH Bird Model in Abaqus/Explicit Application to the Design of the AW609 Tiltrotor Structure
Authors:   Leonardo Helicopters, Bay Riccardo ,   AgustaWestland Philadelphia Corp., Miller Ryan ,   Politecnico di Milano, Anghileri Prof. , Turconi Fabrizio , Tirelli Maurizio , Waterman Jim
Published: July 2023

The present paper designs and validates a finite element bird model in order to develop a useful tool for the numerical simulation of an aeronautical bird strike event. The bird is simulated in Abaqus/Explicit environment using the Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) technique. This formulation is a common approach to the problem, as noticed in many published works that investigate the bird strike problem using other solvers such as LS-Dyna. They are taken as a starting point of the present work in the definition of the bird model initial geometry and equation of state. A comparison and a correlation between some experimental tests and their simulations was conduct, in order to develop and validate the bird numerical model. In particular, impacts against rigid targets, such as plates and wedges, and against deformable ones are evaluated. The result is a validated SPH FE bird model, which can be involved in the next bird strike analysis being a reliable numerical tool.
Outer-Loop Control Design and Simulation Handling Qualities Assessment for a Coaxial-Compound Helicopter and Tiltrotor
Authors:   US Army CCDC AvMC, Berger Tom ,   Pennsylvania State University, Horn Joseph , Tischler Mark
Published: July 2023

This paper describes the development of full flight envelope dynamic inversion outer-loop control laws used to control airspeed and flight path for two Future Vertical Lift-relevant rotorcraft configurations - a lift offset coaxial helicopter with a pusher propeller and a tiltrotor. The outer-loop control laws for both aircraft include a control allocation scheme to account for redundant controls and reduce pilot workload. A piloted simulation experiment was conducted at the Penn State Flight Simulator facility using a series of high-speed handling qualities demonstration maneuvers to evaluate the handling qualities of the control laws. Overall, the outer-loop control laws for both coaxial-pusher and tiltrotor aircraft were assigned Level 1 handling qualities for the Break Turn and High-Speed Acceleration/Deceleration tasks, and reduced pilot workload over previously developed inner-loop control laws. The outer-loop control laws also improved performance and reduced pilot workload in a formation flying task developed for this experiment. The coaxial-pusher outer-loop control laws received borderline Level 1/Level 2 ratings for the Pitch Attitude Capture and Hold and Sum-of-Sines Tracking tasks, while the tiltrotor outer-loop control laws (with their increased value of pitch attitude dropback) received Level 2 ratings.
Bell V-280 System Identification and Model Validation with Flight Test Data using the Joint Input-Output Method
Authors:   Bell, Berrigan Caitlin ,   US Army CCDC AvMC ADD, J. Mark ,   Georgia Institute of Technology, Prasad J.V.R. , Ruckel Paul
Published: July 2023

With modern aerospace vehicle configurations, highly-coupled redundant flight control surfaces are becoming standard practice. For such vehicles, traditional System Identification (SID) methods may not accurately capture the individual contributions of effectors to the vehicle bare-airframe response. A Joint Input-Output (JIO) methodology was used to estimate the control power for each highly-correlated roll effector of the Bell V-280 hover configuration. The methodology was demonstrated using flight test data, where the identification results were compared to a high-fidelity hardware-in-the-loop simulation in the V-280 System Integration Lab.
The Integral Approach to Define the Ecosystem for the Aerial Taxi Service in Dubai
Authors:   FEV Consulting, Heckmann Denis ,   Roads and Transport Authority Dubai, Abdelal Ruba , Fischer Maximilian , Nase Alexander , Awadhi Khaled , Saleem Prof.
Published: July 2023

While helicopter-based Aerial Taxi Services (ATS) are nothing new, Urban Air Mobility gains traction with the vast amount of new eVTOL concepts announced in the recent past. Dubai has the strategy to make the ATS an integral part of a multimodal mobility with the aspiration to not limit the service to the financially affluent. By conducting an integral approach to define the entire ecosystem and requirements to setup the Aerial Taxi Service, the authors found out that an implementation of a financially viable eVTOL based ATS needs more than just the exchange of legacy helicopters. From the use-case definition across requirements for a dedicated eVTOL infrastructure (vertistructure) and the aircraft’s integration into the airspace, the aircraft is situated within a series of interacting trade-offs. Only by identifying and solving bottlenecks in the overall operation a promising ATS concept can be defined.
Wind Tunnel Testing and Analysis of a Rigid, Variable Speed Rotor for eVTOL Applications
Authors:   Aurora Flight Sciences - A Boeing Company, Staruk William , Bonny Evan , Butt Lauren , Gray Cody , Hennig Garrett , Represa Diego , Toner Richard
Published: July 2023

Many electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft intended for the urban air mobility (UAM) market are currently being designed with multirotor configurations using variable speed fixed-pitch, rigid rotors for lift. These types of rotors, which are similar in construction to general aviation airplane propellers, are simpler than helicopter rotors and have no moving parts in the rotating frame. This paper discusses wind-tunnel testing of a full-scale, UAM multirotor size, fixed-pitch, rigid rotor with a focus on vibratory blade loads and on the ability to predict these loads with comprehensive analysis. Test results show that vibratory loads are very high, with peak-to-peak magnitudes up to three times greater than the steady component. Correlation of test data to comprehensive analysis using geometrically exact composite beam structural elements and dynamic inflow wake modeling captures the trends in the steady and vibratory loads, but under-predicts the magnitudes by up to 50%. The paper also discusses the physical sources of the observed vibratory loads and suggests potential options for mitigating their magnitude.
Future Vertical Lift Digital Backbone, Navigating Technology and Implementation Details
Authors:   Collins Aerospace, G. Harold , Sletteland Branden , Taylor Max
Published: July 2023

The current US DoD has recognized that their asymmetric advantage is eroding1. Adversaries have had over 25 years to counter the US playbook and weapon systems (Ref. [1]). The US Army Future Vertical Lift (FVL) programs have identified several key tenets that their airborne weapon systems need to ensure they maintain asymmetric advantage.
(1) New and upgraded mission capabilities of their airborne platforms need to get to the field faster (Ref. [2]). One of the current roadblocks to achieving this is the extensive full-system regression testing that ends up being required when there are mission system changes (Ref. [3]).
(2) More competition is needed to help generate "quicker, better, faster" capabilities (Ref. [4]). "Vendor lock" inherent in current system designs hinders the speed at which technology advances (Ref. [4, 5]).
(3) Improved portability of mission capability across the FVL and enduring fleet (Ref. [6, 7]). The ability to more easily reuse technology will help maintain advantage by eliminating the time needed to develop platform specific solutions (Ref. [4, 6]).
The request for Modular Open System Architecture (MOSA) solutions has been a practice to try to address the items above (Ref. [8]). Most air vehicle and mission system providers are today providing MOSA solutions but the required benefits have not yet been fully realized. MOSA standards as they exist today do a very good job of identifying electronics hardware and software architectures. However, they fall short on physical aircraft integration and consistency in architecture among aircraft systems. Minimizing aircraft wiring and structural modifications, increasing speed to fielding, and portability among multiple systems types are all part of integrating highly MOSA compliant solutions.
The US Army FVL programs have required a "digital backbone" (Ref. [7, 9, 10]) to address these integration issues and ensure that they can maintain asymmetric advantage. Unique requirements affecting the digital backbone include:
- Power and power distribution (Ref. [9])
- Thermal management (Ref. [9, 11])
- Packaging and installation (Ref. [9])
- Air Vehicle data distribution (Ref. [9])
- Mission System data distribution (Ref. [9])
- Isolation of air vehicle and mission system (Ref. [9])
This paper will provide an introduction to the envisioned digital backbone for US Army, Future Vertical Lift aircraft. The paper will also offer discussion of digital backbone impacts on aircraft and avionics size, weight, power and cost, as well as technology considerations to address interoperability, safety, security, qualification, and accommodations for new, as well as, legacy avionics technology.
Wind Tunnel Test on a slowed Mach-Scaled Hingeless Rotor with Lift Compounding
Authors:   University of Maryland, Maurya Shashank , Chopra Inderjit , Wang Xing
Published: July 2023

It is a well known fact that the forward speed of a single main rotor helicopter is limited because of the compressibility effects on the advancing side and reverse flow and dynamic stall on the retreating side. Compound helicopters are a viable option which could increase the forward speed while minimizing hover penalty. Much analysis has been carried out on compound helicopters but the test data are lacking. The present research aims to systematically bridge this gap, the first step of which was to study lift compounding. Slowing down the rotor and lift offset are two key ways to increase the forward speed. Slowing down the rotor requires the rotor to fly at high advance ratios and involves more complex aerodynamic phenomena. A series of wind tunnel tests were conducted to understand rotor behavior with hingeless hub at high advance ratios with a stub wing installed on the retreating side to balance the rolling moment. This allowed the rotor to operate efficiently at high advance ratios by producing more lift on the advancing side and less on the retreating side. The rotor was tested up to an advance ratio of 0.7 at different shaft tilt angles and wing incidence angles. The experimental results including rotor performance, controls, blade structural loads, and hub vibratory loads were measured and compared to predictions with in-house comprehensive analysis, UMARC. Comparison between different wing incidences at constant total thrust provided many insights into the compounding. Significant advantages of lift compounding were identified as the helicopter could fly faster with greater efficiency, requiring lower rotor collective. The blade flap bending moment was identified as a key constraint on the maximum speed.
Bell 505 JRX, 250 Aircraft Delivered and Counting!
Authors:   Bell Textron Canada, Paquin Patrick , Lavallee Yann
Published: July 2023

Since certifying the Bell 505 in December 2016, customers on six continents have received delivery of 250 of these light, single-engine aircraft. In three years the worldwide fleet logged more than 35,000 flight-hours, a testament to the Bell 505's customer experience - not only with the aircraft, but with delivery and service. In getting to the 250th delivery, the paper discusses the efforts taken to meet market demand, provide custom finishing, offer kit integration, and even take on additional envelope expansion. Numerous configurations and kits were made available a short time after initial certification, allowing Bell 505 customers to take full advantage of the aircraft capability in a timely manner. The challenges of meeting market demand and transitioning from low rate production to full rate production requires a team effort and this paper shows how it was done for the 505.
A Numerical Investigation of the Influence of the Blade-Vortex Interaction on the Dynamic Stall Onset in Simplified Rotor Environment
Authors:   ONERA The French Aerospace Lab, Castells Camille , Costes Michel , Richez François
Published: July 2023

Two- and three-dimensional models representative of a helicopter rotor blade element during forward flight have been implemented. The rotor blade element is considered in pitching oscillation motion with a non-uniform translation to take into account the speed variation in forward flight. Two stalled flight conditions of the 7A rotor have been selected in wind tunnel test data. These flight conditions have been investigated in a previous study and the aerodynamic behavior of the rotor blades in realistic rotor environment is known, including stall mechanisms. The capability of simplified models to reproduce the aerodynamic behavior of the blade element has been validated for a first case. Then, the influence of the blade-vortex interaction on stall onset has been investigated since the previous work on full articulated-rotor configurations does not allow to conclude on the role of the blade-vortex interaction on stall onset. The simplified models allow to isolate the influence of a vortex passing close to the blade element on aerodynamic loads. This work shows that a dynamic stall event is triggered in both cases while a vortex is passing close to the blade element. This clearly highlights that blade-vortex interaction can trigger stall in realistic rotor environment.
A Computational Investigation of Multi-Rotor Interactional Aerodynamics with Hub Lateral and Longitudinal Canting
Authors:   Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Healy Richard ,   The Boeing Company, Duffy Michael , Gandhi Farhan , Mistry Mihir
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the interactional aerodynamics for laterally and longitudinally canted two rotor systems with a front rotor and an aft rotor aligned with the flow. The 5.5 ft, 3 bladed fixed pitched rotors are simulated using CFD at a targeted 5lb/ft2 disk loading and 30 kts. Simulations are performed using the commercial Navier Stokes solver AcuSolve with a detached eddy simulation (DES) model. In addition to an uncanted case, two laterally canted cases (10° advancing sides up and 10° advancing sides down) as well as two longitudinally canted cases (10° inward and 10° outward) are simulated. Aft rotor performance is compared to isolated rotors operating at the same RPM, speed and shaft tilt angle in order to quantify the effect of rotor-rotor aerodynamic interaction. For all configurations, the aft rotors experience a lift deficit at the front of the rotor disk which also results in a nose down pitching moment relative to an isolated rotor. The lift deficit for the uncanted rotor was around 15%. Lateral canting only slightly increases the lift deficit (to 16-17%) but also produces 28-38% change in roll moments. Change in nose-up pitching moments for the uncanted and laterally canted rotors were in the 55%-64% range. Longitudinal canting produces larger changes in the magnitude of the lift deficit and pitching moment, but has minimal effect on roll moments. In particular, canting inward results in a lift deficit as high as 21% and a 94% change in pitching moment. Canting outward, on the other hand, reduces the aft rotor lift deficit to 11% and the pitching moment change to 19%. The paper explains the changes in the flow field and the underlying physics for the different cases in detail.