bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of success among working-class children of immigrants in three cities
Authors: Abdelhady Dalia , Lutz Amy
Published: June 2021

This article examines the subjective understanding of success among members of three groups of children of immigrants from Mexico, North Africa and Turkey, in Dallas, Paris and Berlin respectively, by accounting for their educational and early labor market experiences. We utilize neo-assimilation and segmented assimilation theories and highlight their divergence with regards to downward assimilation and frames of reference. We focus on the working-class children of immigrants in the three settings, as they are at the highest risk of downward mobility. We find that frames of reference play a significant role in shaping the subjective understandings of success among the three groups. Despite their disadvantaged position, Mexican Americans in Dallas regard their experiences as successful given their significant departure from their parents’ low status. French North Africans in Paris, on the other hand, emphasize their limited ability to overcome the restrictions imposed on them by French society and especially schools. Doing so, they compare themselves to their French peers who do not have an immigrant background. Children of immigrants from Turkey in Berlin, by comparison, encounter labor market discrimination but feel successful relative to their parents’ generation. We find that the children of immigrants in our study rely on members of their social networks who impact their labor market experiences as their frame of reference. When they compare themselves to their parents or earlier waves of immigrants, the children of immigrants perceive their accomplishments in a positive light. When they compare themselves to mainstream society, however, they emphasize persisting inequalities. Our conclusions emphasize the importance of understanding subjective experiences of success and mobility that have been largely ignored in the migration literature.
Bingo, gender and the moral order of the household: Everyday gambling in a migrant community
Authors: Cox John , Maltzahn Kathleen , Lee Helen , Whiteside Mary , Maclean Sarah
Published: June 2021

Feminist researchers have argued for a focus on ‘everyday gambling’ and domestic spaces as sites of women’s leisure. In this article, we analyse how culture, class and gender shape the consumer practices of migrant women from Pacific Islands countries (Cook Islands and Tonga) who play bingo in regional Australia. This intersectional approach examines the effects of bingo in the everyday lives of these women. We show how migrant women gamblers have a distinctive experience of ‘lifestyle’ that is located within a meaningful symbolic order that values both domestic responsibilities and community relations within extended families, even when distance from the homeland and economic precarity entail social and financial pressures. While much policy research focuses on gambling harms, including the impact of electronic gaming machines or online gambling, here we show how bingo is embedded in social relations that mitigate many of the ongoing financial problems and deeper existential anxieties for those in precarious economic circumstances.
Fetal renal artery blood flow – Normal ranges
Authors: Brennan Sonja , Watson David , Schneider Michal , Rudd Donna , Kandasamy Yogavijayan
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The study objectives were to develop standard charts for fetal renal artery blood flow to define normal ranges and to assess the reliability of the measurements.

Methods

This prospective, longitudinal study reviewed 72 low-risk singleton pregnancies who had serial ultrasound examinations. Pulse wave Doppler was used to obtain the resistivity and pulsatility indices of the fetal renal arteries. Standard charts of the fetal renal arteries were created using mixed effects modelling and the intra- and interobserver reliability for the renal blood flow measurements was analysed.

Results

Standard charts of the normal ranges of the renal artery resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the fetal renal arteries were created. The 3rd, 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th, 95th and 97th centiles were calculated. The intraclass correlation coefficient was acceptable for intraobserver reliability (RI = 0.66, PI = 0.88) and poor for interobserver reliability (RI = 0.11, PI = −0.56).

Conclusions

These novel charts demonstrate the change of the fetal renal artery blood flow during pregnancy. These may be used in clinical practice to detect variations from these normal ranges and be useful in future studies of kidney function projection.
Addressing high cervical cancer rates in the Rio Grande Valley along the Texas–Mexico border: a community-based initiative focused on education, patient navigation, and medical provider training/telementoring
Authors: Salcedo MP , Gowen R , Rodriguez AM , Fisher-Hoch S , Daheri M , Guerra L , Toscano PA , Gasca M , Morales J , Reyna-Rodriguez FE , Cavazos B , Marin E , Perez C , Guerra M , Milbourne A , Varon ML , Reininger B , Fernandez ME , Ogburn T , Castle PE , McCormick J , Baker E , Hawk E , Schmeler KM
Published: June 2021

Aims:

Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates are approximately 55% higher in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) along the Texas–Mexico border compared with the average rates in the US. Our aim was to improve cervical cancer prevention efforts in the RGV through a comprehensive multilevel intervention initiative focused on community education, patient navigation, and training of local providers.

Methods:

We initiated a program in the RGV which consisted of (1) community education, (2) patient navigation, and (3) a training/mentoring program for local medical providers including hands-on training courses coupled with telementoring using Project ECHO® (Extension for Community Health Outcomes). We assessed the number of women undergoing cervical cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment at three participating clinics caring for underserved women in the region.

Results:

From November 2014 to October 2018, 14,846 women underwent cervical cancer screening. A total of 2030 (13.7%) women underwent colposcopy for abnormal results (179% increase over baseline) and 453 women underwent loop electrosurgical excision procedures (LEEPs) for treatment of cervical dysplasia. Invasive cancer was diagnosed in 39 women who were navigated to a gynecologic oncologist for treatment. Seven local medical providers were trained to perform colposcopy and/or LEEP. Project ECHO telementoring videoconferences were held every 2 weeks for a total 101 sessions with an average of 22 participants per session and a total of 180 patient cases presented and discussed.

Conclusions:

Our program led to a large number of women undergoing diagnosis and treatment of cervical dysplasia in the RGV. If sustained, we anticipate these efforts will decrease cervical cancer rates in the region. The program is currently being expanded to additional underserved areas of Texas and globally to low- and middle-income countries.
Towards New Standards? Interaction Patterns of German Political Journalists in the Twittersphere
Authors: Schumacher Nina F. , Maurer Peter , Nuernbergk Christian
Published: June 2021

Research has provided few findings on the patterns of communication and interaction between political and media actors in social media and how these interactions have evolved. The present study analyzes how journalists registered in the German Federal Press Conference interact with members of the German Bundestag (member of parliament) on Twitter and what type of content they exchange with each other. Based on two time periods (2016, 2020), the communicative practices and the patterns of interactions are examined. New insights into the conversational structure are generated through a combination of content and network analysis. The results indicate a trend in the use of Twitter among the actors as a political opinion medium. While the dissemination of opinions among politicians remains stable, journalists use Twitter interactions more to express a subjective and critical view and less for news coverage over time. Furthermore, the analysis notes that journalists generally comment in negative terms on the parties, except for the Greens. To some extent, the results indicate that the usual journalistic norms of objectivity and balance do not apply for interactions in the Twittersphere. To evaluate whether this pattern also applies to other countries, more comparative investigations in the domain of media–politics interactions on Twitter are needed.
Isolated Myelitis and Intramedullary Spinal Cord Abscess in Melioidosis—A Case Report
Authors: Rudrabhatla Pavankumar , Nair Sruthi S. , George Jithin , Sekar Sabarish , Ponnambath Dinoop Korol
Published: June 2021

Neuromelioidosis is a severe tropical infection with high morbidity and mortality. Isolated myelitis is an extremely rare manifestation of melioidosis which may evade diagnosis. We report a 69-year-old diabetic male patient who presented with acute flaccid paraplegia and longitudinally extensive myelitis and no systemic symptoms. MRI of spinal cord showed lower dorsal cord and conus T2 hyperintensity and microabscesses with dural enhancement. The diagnosis was clinched with blood culture growing Burkholderia pseudomallei. He rapidly developed colitis, septicemia and multiorgan dysfunction and succumbed to the illness in spite of antibiotics and aggressive supportive care. The case highlights that melioidosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis of infectious myelitis, especially in the tropics. Presence of a neutrophilic blood and cerebrospinal fluid picture and microabscesses in spinal cord are important diagnostic clues. The outcome is dismal unless the diagnosis is considered early in the disease course and managed expeditiously with sensitive antibiotics.
Subjective Economic Inequality Decreases Emotional Intelligence, Especially for People of High Social Class
Authors: Schmalor Anita , Heine Steven J.
Published: June 2021

Across five studies (three preregistered; N = 2,481), we investigated two effects as follows: (1) Is higher subjective economic inequality associated with a decreased ability to accurately identify emotions (emotional intelligence)? When inequality is high, people are less focused on others and may thus be less motivated to correctly identify their emotions. (2) Is this main effect of subjective inequality qualified by an interaction with socioeconomic status (SES)? Past research suggests that high SES leads to lower emotional intelligence because people of higher SES are less dependent on others and thus less motivated to identify their emotions. When perceiving higher inequality, high SES individuals should feel even more self-reliant, thereby exacerbating the difference in emotional intelligence between people of low and high SES. We provide empirical support in three out of five studies for the first and in four out of five studies for the second hypothesis. An internal meta-analysis supported both hypotheses.
An Empirical Study of Holiday Season Discounts: A Comparison Between Third-Party Marketplace Sellers and Fulfilled by Walmart Sellers
Authors: Chiu Ya-Ling , Hsu Yuan-Teng , Mao Xiaoyu , Wang Jying-Nan
Published: June 2021

When online retailers allow third-party sellers to place certain products on their platforms, these sellers become not only collaborators but also competitors. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in price discounts between Third-Party Marketplace (3PM) sellers and Fulfilled by Walmart (FBW) sellers on Walmart.com over time. The results, based on data collected in the form of the daily prices of 54,162 products offered by Walmart during the holiday season, show that the average discount for 3PM sellers is significantly lower than that for FBW sellers. In addition, across product categories, FBW sellers had significantly higher average discounts than 3PM sellers in the electronics, housewares, and toys categories. Furthermore, the level of discount began to increase in early November and peaked around Christmas. Our findings may help retailers manage their dealings with these third-party sellers while also helping consumers to optimize their purchasing decisions.
Hepatitis C Treatment Outcomes in Persons With HIV and Decompensated Cirrhosis Using a Collaborative Multidisciplinary HIV-Centered Approach
Authors: Cachay Edward R. , Mena Alvaro , Morano Luis , Benitez Laura , Maida Ivana , Mendoza Carmen DE , Hill Lucas , Torriani Francesca , Soriano Vincente , Mathews W. C. ,   for the HCV-HIV Transatlantic Research Network (HCV-TREN)
Published: June 2021

Fifty-four consecutive persons with HIV co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and liver decompensation were treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). The HCV treatment was delivered using a multidisciplinary HIV-coinfection model of care integrating sub-specialty services in 3 countries. Of those treated, 91% (95% confidence interval, 80.1 to 95.9) achieved sustained viral response, and only one person died during treatment. Our study provides evidence that HIV providers achieve excellent outcomes when treating patients with histories of decompensated liver disease, with characteristics similar to those studied using a multidisciplinary HIV-centered approach.
Geographic Trends in the Otolaryngology Match (2016‐2020)
Authors: Bernstein Jeffrey D. , Shahrestani Shane , Shahrvini Bita , Watson Deborah
Published: June 2021

Objective

Presenting geographic matching trends over 5 match cycles (2016‐2020) to serve as a context for changes in residency match outcomes due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Setting

Single academic institution‐affiliated otolaryngology–head and neck surgery residency program.

Methods

Residency match outcomes for all applicants to our institution (2015‐2019) were collected from the National Residency Matching Program, including medical school and matched program. Matches were categorized as home program, home region, or out of region and sorted by US geographic region. Statistical analysis included frequencies, totals, χ2 testing, and binary logistic regression.

Results

From 2016 to 2020, the US MD senior match rate was 84.9%: 18.9% to home programs, 35.7% to home region, and 45.3% to out of region. Rates were similar across regions and decreased over time. Westerners matched to home programs more than Southerners or Midwesterners (27.5% vs 16.0% and 16.0%, P <. 01). Southerners and Westerners were more likely to match within their regions (South: 63.1%, P =. 011, odds ratio [OR] = 1.296, 95% CI, 1.060‐1.584; West: 42.0%, P =. 018, OR = 1.462, 95% CI, 1.066‐2.004). Matching from out of region was more likely in the West and less likely in the South (West: 58.0%, P =. 017, OR = 1.379, 95% CI, 1.059‐1.796; South: 36.9%, P <. 001, OR = 0.584, 95% CI, 0.47‐0.727).

Conclusion

From 2016 to 2020 in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery, about 1 in 5 matches were to home institutions, a trend that appeared to be more common in the West. Over 4 out of 5 trainees match to nonhome programs, and nearly half relocate to a new region for training. Changes to travel, rotations, and interviews due to COVID‐19 may influence these trends.
Tumor cells in light-chain amyloidosis and myeloma show distinct transcriptional rewiring of normal plasma cell development
Authors: Alameda Daniel , Goicoechea Ibai , Vicari Marco , Arriazu Elena , Nevone Alice , Rodriguez Sara , Lasa Marta , Puig Noemi , Cedena Maria Teresa , Alignani Diego , Garate Sonia , Lara-Astiaso David , Vilas-Zornoza Amaia , Sarvide Sarai , Ocio Enrique M. , Lecumberri Ramon , Garcia de Coca Alfonso , Labrador Jorge , Gonzalez Maria-Esther , Palomera Luis , Gironella Mercedes , Cabañas Valentin , Casanova Maria , Oriol Albert , Krsnik Isabel , Perez-Montaña Albert , de la Rubia Javier , de la Puerta Jose-Enrique , de Arriba Felipe , Fazio Vito Michele , Martinez-Lopez Joaquin , Lahuerta Juan-Jose , Mateos Maria-Victoria , Odero Maria-Dolores , Prosper Felipe , Weiner Assaf , Amit Ido , Nuvolone Mario , San Miguel Jesus F. , Paiva Bruno
Published: June 2021

Although light-chain amyloidosis (AL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are characterized by tumor plasma cell (PC) expansion in bone marrow (BM), their clinical presentation differs. Previous attempts to identify unique pathogenic mechanisms behind such differences were unsuccessful, and no studies have investigated the differentiation stage of tumor PCs in patients with AL and MM. We sought to define a transcriptional atlas of normal PC development in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), peripheral blood (PB), and BM for comparison with the transcriptional programs (TPs) of tumor PCs in AL, MM, and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Based on bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, we observed 13 TPs during transition of normal PCs throughout SLOs, PB, and BM. We further noted the following: CD39 outperforms CD19 to discriminate newborn from long-lived BM-PCs; tumor PCs expressed the most advantageous TPs of normal PC differentiation; AL shares greater similarity to SLO-PCs whereas MM is transcriptionally closer to PB-PCs and newborn BM-PCs; patients with AL and MM enriched in immature TPs had inferior survival; and protein N-linked glycosylation–related TPs are upregulated in AL. Collectively, we provide a novel resource to understand normal PC development and the transcriptional reorganization of AL and other monoclonal gammopathies.
Trends in genetic diversity and the effect of inbreeding in American Angus cattle under genomic selection
Authors: Lozada-Soto Emmanuel A. , Maltecca Christian , Lu Duc , Miller Stephen , Cole John B. , Tiezzi Francesco
Published: June 2021

Background

While the adoption of genomic evaluations in livestock has increased genetic gain rates, its effects on genetic diversity and accumulation of inbreeding have raised concerns in cattle populations. Increased inbreeding may affect fitness and decrease the mean performance for economically important traits, such as fertility and growth in beef cattle, with the age of inbreeding having a possible effect on the magnitude of inbreeding depression. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in genetic diversity as a result of the implementation of genomic selection in Angus cattle and quantify potential inbreeding depression effects of total pedigree and genomic inbreeding, and also to investigate the impact of recent and ancient inbreeding.

Results

We found that the yearly rate of inbreeding accumulation remained similar in sires and decreased significantly in dams since the implementation of genomic selection. Other measures such as effective population size and the effective number of chromosome segments show little evidence of a detrimental effect of using genomic selection strategies on the genetic diversity of beef cattle. We also quantified pedigree and genomic inbreeding depression for fertility and growth. While inbreeding did not affect fertility, an increase in pedigree or genomic inbreeding was associated with decreased birth weight, weaning weight, and post-weaning gain in both sexes. We also measured the impact of the age of inbreeding and found that recent inbreeding had a larger depressive effect on growth than ancient inbreeding.

Conclusions

In this study, we sought to quantify and understand the possible consequences of genomic selection on the genetic diversity of American Angus cattle. In both sires and dams, we found that, generally, genomic selection resulted in decreased rates of pedigree and genomic inbreeding accumulation and increased or sustained effective population sizes and number of independently segregating chromosome segments. We also found significant depressive effects of inbreeding accumulation on economically important growth traits, particularly with genomic and recent inbreeding.
Prediction of unconventional protein secretion by exosomes
Authors: Ras-Carmona Alvaro , Gomez-Perosanz Marta , Reche Pedro A.
Published: June 2021

Motivation

In eukaryotes, proteins targeted for secretion contain a signal peptide, which allows them to proceed through the conventional ER/Golgi-dependent pathway. However, an important number of proteins lacking a signal peptide can be secreted through unconventional routes, including that mediated by exosomes. Currently, no method is available to predict protein secretion via exosomes.

Results

Here, we first assembled a dataset including the sequences of 2992 proteins secreted by exosomes and 2961 proteins that are not secreted by exosomes. Subsequently, we trained different random forests models on feature vectors derived from the sequences in this dataset. In tenfold cross-validation, the best model was trained on dipeptide composition, reaching an accuracy of 69.88% ± 2.08 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 ± 0.03. In an independent dataset, this model reached an accuracy of 75.73% and an AUC of 0.840. After these results, we developed ExoPred, a web-based tool that uses random forests to predict protein secretion by exosomes.

Conclusion

ExoPred is available for free public use at http://imath.med.ucm.es/exopred/. Datasets are available at http://imath.med.ucm.es/exopred/datasets/.
A retrospective cohort study on red blood cell morphology changes in pre-school age children under nitrous oxide anesthesia
Authors: Wang Ruoxi , Lan Ling , Xu Li , Zhu Bo , Huang Yuguang
Published: June 2021

Background

Megaloblastic anemia or bone marrow changes could occur after prolonged nitrous oxide inhalation via vitamin B12 inactivation related DNA synthesis impairment. Previous researches have studied hematological changes with nitrous oxide exposure, but only in adults or adolescents. Pre-school age children with active hematopoietic red bone marrow are more vulnerable to potential side effects of nitrous oxide and might experience growth impairment. The purpose of our study was to analyze red blood cell morphology changes under nitrous oxide anesthesia in pre-school age children.

Methods

One hundred thirty-six children under 5 years old scheduled for hemivertebra resection were analyzed. According to fresh gas type in anesthesia records, 71 children who received nitrous oxide in oxygen during anesthesia maintenance were categorized into the nitrous oxide group and the other 65 who received air in oxygen were the air group. Complete blood counts in perioperative period were assessed for anemia, macrocytosis, microcytosis, anisocytosis, hyperchromatosis and hypochromatosis. The peak value and change percentage were calculated for mean corpuscular volume and red cell distribution width.

Results

Forty-two children in the air group (64.6%) and 30 in the nitrous oxide group (42.3%) developed anemia (P = 0.009). None developed macrocytosis in both groups. Postoperative mean corpuscular volume peaked (mean [95% confidence interval]) at 83.7(82.9–84.4) fL, and 83.2(82.4–83.9) fL and postoperative red cell distribution width at 13.8% (13.4–14.2%), and 13.9% (13.6–14.2%) for the air group and the nitrous oxide group. Both the relative change of mean corpuscular volume (P = 0.810) and red cell distribution width (P = 0.456) were similar between the two groups.

Conclusions

No megaloblastic red blood cell changes were observed with nitrous oxide exposure for 4 h in pre-school age children undergoing hemivertebra resection.
Vaccine completion and infectious diseases screening in a cohort of adult refugees following resettlement in the U.S.: 2013–2015
Authors: Mohareb Amir M. , Brown Bryan , Ikuta Kevin S. , Hyle Emily P. , Annamalai Aniyizhai
Published: June 2021

Background

Refugees are frequently not immune to vaccine-preventable infections. Adherence to consensus guidelines on vaccination and infectious diseases screening among refugees resettling in the U.S. is unknown. We sought to determine rates of vaccine completion and infectious diseases screening in refugees following resettlement.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of refugees resettling in a region in the U.S. using medical data from June 2013–April 2015. We determined the proportion of vaccine-eligible refugees vaccinated with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), hepatitis A/B, tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap), and human papillomavirus (HPV) following resettlement. We also determined the proportion of refugees who completed HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) screening.

Results

One hundred and eleven subjects were included, primarily from Iraq (53%), Afghanistan (19%), and Eritrea (11%). Of the 84 subjects who were vaccine-eligible, 78 (93%) initiated and 42 (50%) completed vaccinations within one year of resettlement. Odds of completing vaccination were higher for men (OR: 2.38; 95%CI:1.02–5.71) and for subjects with English proficiency (OR: 3.70; 95%CI:1.04–17.49). Of the 78 subjects (70%) completing HIV screening, two (3%) were diagnosed with HIV. Nearly all subjects completed screening for HCV, and one had active infection.

Conclusion

While most refugees initiate vaccinations, only 50% completed vaccinations and 70% completed HIV screening within 1 year of resettlement. There is a need to emphasize vaccine completion and HIV screening in refugee patients following resettlement.
Diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Farah Randa I. , Al-Sabbagh Mohammed Q. , Momani Munther S. , Albtoosh Asma , Arabiat Majd , Abdulraheem Ahmad M. , Aljabiri Husam , Abufaraj Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Aim

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major long-term complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Given the paucity of data on DKD in Jordan, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics and correlates of DKD in Jordanian patients with type 2 DM.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 1398 adult patients with type 2 DM who sought medical advice in the endocrinology clinic between March and September 2019. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were reviewed. DKD was defined as reduced eGFR, and/or albuminuria. Three regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with CKD stages, albuminuria and DKD.

Results

Overall, 701 (50.14%) patients had DKD, with a median age of 59.71 ± 11.36  years. Older age, high triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein were associated with DKD (multivariable odds ratio [OR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.03, p < 0.01; OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.01–1.2; and OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99, p < 0.01 respectively). Metformin and renin-angiotensin system blockers were negatively associated with albuminuria and chronic kidney disease stages (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that approximately one half of patients with type 2 DM had DKD. Further studies are necessary to understand this high prevalence and the underlying factors. Future research are needed to assess implementing targeted community-based intervention.
Chronic anticoagulation is not associated with a reduced risk of acute kidney injury in hospitalised Covid-19 patients
Authors: Parker Kathrine , Hamilton Patrick , Hanumapura Prasanna , Castelino Laveena , Murphy Michelle , Challiner Rachael , Thachil Jecko , Ebah Leonard
Published: June 2021

Background

Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation. Severe disease typically presents with respiratory failure but Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and a hypercoagulable state can also occur. Early reports suggest that thrombosis may be linked with AKI. We studied the development of AKI and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 taking chronic anticoagulation therapy.

Methods

Electronic records were reviewed for all adult patients admitted to Manchester University Foundation Trust Hospitals between March 10 and April 302,020 with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients with end-stage kidney disease were excluded. AKI was classified as per KDIGO criteria.

Results

Of the 1032 patients with COVID-19 studied,164 (15.9%) were taking anticoagulant therapy prior to admission. There were similar rates of AKI between those on anticoagulants and those not anticoagulated (23.8% versus 19.7%) with no difference in the severity of AKI or requirement of renal replacement therapy between groups (1.2% versus 3.5%). Risk factors for AKI included hypertension, pre-existing renal disease and male sex. There was a higher mortality in those taking anticoagulant therapy (40.2% versus 30%). Patients taking anticoagulants were less likely to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (8.5% versus 17.4%) and to receive mechanical ventilation (42.9% versus 78.1%).

Conclusion

Patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy did not have a reduced incidence or severity of AKI suggesting that AKI is unlikely to be thrombotic in nature. Therapeutic anticoagulation is currently still under investigation in randomised controlled studies to determine whether it has a potential role in COVID-19 treatment.
Factors influencing maternal healthcare seeking in a highland region of Madagascar: a mixed methods analysis
Authors: Andrianantoandro Voahirana Tantely , Pourette Dolorès , Rakotomalala Olivier , Ramaroson Henintsoa Joyce Valentina , Ratovoson Rila , Rakotoarimanana Feno M. Jacob
Published: June 2021

Background

In Madagascar, maternal mortality remains stable and high (426 deaths per 100,000 live births). This situation is mainly due to a delay or lack of use of maternal healthcare services. Problems related to maternal healthcare services are well documented in Madagascar, but little information related to maternal healthcare seeking is known. Thus, this paper aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence the utilization of maternal services, specifically, the use of antenatal care (ANC) during pregnancy and the use of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) at delivery.

Method

We used quantitative and qualitative approaches in the study. Two communes of the Vakinankaratra region, which are located in the highlands, were the settings. Data collection occurred from October 2016 to July 2017. A total of 245 pregnant women were included and followed up in the quantitative survey, and among them, 35 participated in in-depth interviews(IDIs). Logistic regressions were applied to explore the influencing factors of antenatal and delivery healthcare seeking practices through thematic qualitative analysis.

Results

Among the 245 women surveyed, 13.9% did not attend any ANC visits. School level, occupation and gravidity positively influenced the likelihood of attending one or more ANC visits. The additional use of traditional caregivers remained predominant and was perceived as potentially complementary to medical care. Nine in ten (91%) women expressed a preference for delivery at healthcare facilities (HFs), but 61% of births were assisted by a skilled birth attendant (SBA).The school level; the frequency of ANCs; the origin region; and the preference between modern or traditional care influenced the use of SBAs at delivery. A lack of preparation (financial and logistics problems) and women’s low involvement in decision making at delivery were the main barriers to giving birth at HFs.

Conclusion

The use of maternal healthcare services is starting to gain ground, although many women and their relatives still use traditional caregivers at the same time. Relatives play a crucial role in maternal healthcare seeking. It would be necessary to target women’s relatives for awareness-raising messages about ANC and childbirth in healthcare facilities and to support and formalize collaborations between traditional healers and biomedical caregivers.
Risk of lung cancer among women in relation to lifetime history of tobacco smoking: a population-based case-control study in France (the WELCA study)
Authors: Rusmaully Jennifer , Tvardik Nastassia , Martin Diane , Billmann Régine , Cénée Sylvie , Antoine Martine , Blons Hélène , Laurent-Puig Pierre , Trédaniel Jean , Wislez Marie , Stücker Isabelle , Guénel Pascal , Radoï Loredana
Published: June 2021

Background

This study aims to provide new insights on the role of smoking patterns and cigarette dependence in female lung cancer, and to examine differences by histological subtype.

Methods

We conducted a population-based case-control study in the great Paris area among women including 716 incident cases diagnosed between 2014 and 2017 and 757 age-matched controls. Detailed data on smoking history was collected during in-person interviews to assess intensity and duration of tobacco smoking, time since cessation, smoking habits (depth of smoke inhalation, use of filter, type of tobacco, and type of cigarettes) and Fagerström test for cigarette dependence. The comprehensive smoking index (CSI), a score modelling the combined effects of intensity, duration and time since quitting smoking was determined for each subject. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their confidence intervals (95%CI) of lung cancer associated with smoking variables.

Results

Lung cancer risk increased linearly with intensity and duration of tobacco smoking while it decreased with time since cessation, to reach the risk in never-smokers after 20 years of abstinence. The combined effect of intensity and duration of tobacco smoking was more than multiplicative (p-interaction 0.012). The OR in the highest vs the lowest quartile of CSI was 12.64 (95%CI 8.50; 18.80) (p-trend < 0.001). The risk of small cell or squamous cell carcinomas increased with the CSI more sharply than the risk of adenocarcinomas. Deep smoke inhalation, dark vs blond tobacco, conventional vs light cigarettes, and unfiltered vs filtered cigarettes, as well as having mixed smoking habits, were found to be independent risk factors. Having high cigarette addiction behaviours also increased the risk after adjusting for CSI.

Conclusion

This study provides additional insights on the effects of tobacco smoking patterns on lung cancer risk among women.
Reintubation rates after extubation to different non-invasive ventilation modes in preterm infants
Authors: Masry Alaa , Nimeri Nuha A. M. A. , Koobar Olfa , Hammoudeh Samer , Chandra Prem , Elmalik Einas E. , Khalil Amr M. , Mohammed Nasir , Mahmoud Nazla A. M. , Langtree Lisa J. , Bayoumi Mohammad A. A.
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in premature newborns. In this study, we aim to compare the reintubation rate in preterm babies with RDS who were extubated to Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (NCPAP) versus those extubated to Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV).

Methods

This is a retrospective study conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Women’s Wellness and Research Center (WWRC), Doha, Qatar. The medical files (n = 220) of ventilated preterm infants with gestational age ranging between 28 weeks 0 days and 36 weeks + 6 days gestation and extubated to non-invasive respiratory support (whether NCPAP, NIPPV, or Nasal Cannula) during the period from January 2016 to December 2017 were reviewed.

Results

From the study group of 220 babies,n = 97 (44%) babies were extubated to CPAP,n = 77 (35%) were extubated to NIPPV, andn = 46 (21%) babies were extubated to Nasal Cannula (NC). Out of then = 220 babies, 18 (8.2%) were reintubated within 1 week after extubation. 14 of the 18 (77.8%) were reintubated within 48 h of extubation. Eleven babies needed reintubation after being extubated to NCPAP (11.2%) and seven were reintubated after extubation to NIPPV (9.2%), none of those who were extubated to NC required reintubation (P = 0.203). The reintubation rate was not affected by extubation to any form of non-invasive ventilation (P = 0.625). The mode of ventilation before extubation does not affect the reintubation rate (P = 0.877). The presence of PDA and NEC was strongly associated with reintubation which increased by two and four-folds respectively in those morbidities. There is an increased risk of reintubation with babies suffering from NEC and BPD and this was associated with an increased risk of hospital stay with aP-value ranging (from 0.02–0.003). Using multivariate logistic regression, NEC the NEC (OR = 5.52, 95% CI 1.26, 24.11,P = 0.023) and the vaginal delivery (OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.07, 0.78,P = 0.018) remained significantly associated with reintubation.

Conclusion

Reintubation rates were less with NIPPV when compared with NCPAP, however, this difference was not statistically significant. This study highlights the need for further research studies with a larger number of neonates in different gestational ages birth weight categories. Ascertaining this information will provide valuable data for the factors that contribute to re-intubation rates and influence the decision-making and management of RDS patients in the future.
Prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence among the adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: findings the 2017 population based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mthembu Jacqueline , Mabaso Musawenkosi , Reis Sarah , Zuma Khangelani , Zungu Nompumelelo
Published: June 2021

Background

Evidence indicate that intimate partner violence (IPV) is disturbingly high among South African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Understanding prevalence and risk factors for IPV among these emerging adults is critical for developing appropriate interventions to prevent adverse health outcomes later in life. This study investigates the prevalence and factors associated with lifetime physical IPV experience among AGYW, aged 15–24 years, using the South African national HIV prevalence, incidence, behaviour and communication survey conducted in 2017.

Methods

The data used in this secondary analysis was obtained from a cross-sectional, population-based household survey data, conducted using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling approach. Multivariate stepwise backward logistic regression modelling was used to determine factors associated with IPV.

Results

Of 716 AGYW that responded to the two commonly answered questions on IPV, 13.1% (95% CI: 9.6–17.6) indicated that they experienced IPV. The odds of reporting experiences of IPV were significantly lower among AGYW residing in high SES households [AOR = 0.09 (95% CI: 0.02–0.47), p = 0.004] than low SES households, and those residing in rural informal/tribal areas [AOR = 0.01 (95% CI: 0.00–0.22), p = 0.004] than urban areas. AGYW experiencing IPV had higher odds of reporting psychological distress compared to their counterparts [AOR = 4.37 (95% CI, 0.97–19.72), p = 0.054].

Conclusion

The findings highlight the need for targeted structural and psychosocial interventions in low SES households and especially in urban areas.
Trends in equity of inpatient health service utilization for the middle-aged and elderly in China: based on longitudinal data from 2011 to 2018
Authors: Fan Xiaojing , Su Min , Zhao Yaxin , Si Yafei , Zhou Zhongliang
Published: June 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to assess the trends in equity of receiving inpatient health service utilization (IHSU) in China over the period 2011–2018.

Methods

Longitudinal data obtained from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Studies were used to determine trends in receiving IHSU. Concentration curves, concentration indices, and horizontal inequity indices were applied to evaluate the trends in equity of IHSU.

Results

This study showed that the annual rate of IHSU gradually increased from 7.99% in 2011 to 18.63% in 2018. Logistic regression shows that the rates of annual IHSU in 2018 were nearly 3 times (OR = 2.86, 95%CL: 2.57, 3.19) higher for rural respondents and 2.5 times (OR = 2.49, 95%CL: 1.99, 3.11) higher for urban respondents than the rates in 2011 after adjusting for other variables. Concentration curves both in urban and rural respondents lay above the line of equality from 2011 to 2018. The concentration index remained negative and increased significantly from − 0.0147 (95% CL: − 0.0506, 0.0211) to − 0.0676 (95% CL: − 0.0894, − 0.458), the adjusted concentration index kept the same tendency. The horizontal inequity index was positive in 2011 but became negative from 2013 to 2018, evidencing a pro-low-economic inequity trend.

Conclusions

We find that the inequity of IHSU for the middle-aged and elderly increased over the past 10 years, becoming more focused on the lower-economic population. Economic status, lifestyle factors were the main contributors to the pro-low-economic inequity. Health policies to allocate resources and services are needed to satisfy the needs of the middle-aged and elderly.
Association between air pollution in Lima and the high incidence of COVID-19: findings from a post hoc analysis
Authors: Vasquez-Apestegui Bertha V. , Parras-Garrido Enrique , Tapia Vilma , Paz-Aparicio Valeria M. , Rojas Jhojan P. , Sanchez-Ccoyllo Odón R. , Gonzales Gustavo F.
Published: June 2021

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in the People’s Republic of China in December 2019. Thereafter, a global logarithmic expansion of cases occurred. Some countries have a higher rate of infections despite the early implementation of quarantine. Air pollution might be related to high susceptibility to the virus and associated case fatality rates (deaths/cases*100). Lima, Peru, has the second highest incidence of COVID-19 in Latin America and also has one the highest levels of air pollution in the region.

Methods

This study investigated the association of levels of PM2.5 exposure in previous years (2010–2016) in 24 districts of Lima with cases, deaths and case fatality rates for COVID-19. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate this association controlled by age, sex, population density and number of food markets per district. The study period was from March 6 to June 12, 2020.

Results

There were 128,700 cases in Lima and 2382 deaths due to COVID-19. The case fatality rate was 1.93%. Previous exposure to PM2.5 (2010—2016) was associated with the number of COVID-19- cases (β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.034–0.107) and deaths (β = 0.0014; 95% CI: 0.0006–0.0.0023) but not with the case fatality rate.

Conclusions

After adjusting for age, sex and number of food markets, the higher rates of COVID-19 in Metropolitan Lima are attributable to the increased PM2.5 exposure in the previous years, among other reasons. Reduction in air pollution from a long-term perspective and social distancing are needed to prevent the spread of virus outbreaks.
Epidemiology and associated factors of gingivitis in adolescents in Guangdong Province, Southern China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fan Weihua , Liu Conghua , Zhang Yazhi , Yang Zijing , Li Jianbo , Huang Shaohong
Published: June 2021

Background

Gingivitis is the most prevalent form of periodontal disease in children and adolescents, being strongly associated to some socioeconomic factors and oral health behaviours. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of gingivitis and its association with socio-demographic factors and oral health-related behaviours in children aged 12–15 years in Guangdong, Southern China.

Methods

A total of 7680 children were sampled using an equal-sized, stratified, multistage, random sampling method and clinically examined between December 2015 and April 2016. A questionnaire on socio-demographic factors and oral health-related behaviours related to gingivitis was completed by each of the selected children. Gingival bleeding was recorded using the Community Periodontal Index probe, and children with a gingival bleeding positive score ≥ 10% were defined as having gingivitis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between socio-demographic factors and gingivitis. All statistical tests were performed at a two-sided significance level of 0.05.

Results

The weighted prevalence of gingivitis among 12–15-year-old children was 29.6%, with 22.6% having localised gingivitis and 7.0% having generalised gingivitis. Age differences were observed in the prevalence of gingivitis, whereas urban-rural differences were not. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis results, factors such as increasing age, being the only child, lack of regular annual dental check-up, and heavy dental calculus were significantly associated with higher prevalence of gingivitis. In addition, the association of gingivitis with these factors was inconsistent among the urban and rural areas.

Conclusions

Dental calculus and oral health behaviour were found to be important factors for maintaining the gingival health of children aged 12–15 years in Guangdong. Maintaining gingival health in children requires promoting positive oral health behaviours and regular dental prophylaxis.
Telephone follow-up of oncology patients: the contribution of the nurse specialist for a Service-Dominant Logic in hospital
Authors: Rochette Corinne , Michallet Anne Sophie , Malartre-Sapienza Stéphanie , Rodier Sophie
Published: June 2021

Background

The French healthcare system is characterised by a shift towards outpatient care and the desire to develop telemedicine affirmed in the collective commitment “Ma santé 2022” presented by President Macron in 2018. In France, remote patient follow up has recently been developed in the active phase of cancer treatment inspired by the patient navigation approach used in other countries. According to Service-Dominant Logic (S-D L), patients become more active. Their role in co-production of services is strengthened and their behaviours changed. Telephone follow-ups can contribute to modifying the relationship between the patient and the nurse navigators in charge of it, moving logically from a passive attitude from the patient to a more active one.

Methods

This study was carried out at Léon Bérard, a cancer control unit, in France. It concerned patients treated in an oncohaematology department, who benefited from telephone follow-ups carried out by nurse specialists during the active phase of their treatment. The multidisciplinary research team including social science researchers, physicians and carers developed a research protocol to study this pilot case. Essentially based on a qualitative approach, it was validated by the centre’s management to study this follow-up on patients’ behaviours. The 1st phase of the research, based on 24 semi-structured interviews with patients undergoing treatment undertaken from November 2018 to September 2019, is presented.

Results

The Telephone follow-up was a positive experience for all patients. The action of the nurse specialist helped to develop certain dimensions of in-role and extra-role behaviour that created value. The patients’ discourse has reported a positive follow-up in its clinical dimensions, its psychological dimensions and an enhanced quality of life. We detected a patient activation through their roles but it remained limited. The telephone follow-up also created a patient dependency.

Conclusions

The telephone follow-up is a relevant tool for patients undergoing treatment and it deserves to be more widely deployed. It brings comfort and creates a relationship based on trust but at the same time it limits the emancipation of the patient, which is a central element of the S-D logic and its empowerment.