bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Biomass Waste into Sustainable Organic Fertilizers
Authors: Chew Kit Wayne , Chia Shir Reen , Yen Hong-Wei , Nomanbhay Saifuddin , Ho Yeek-Chia , Show Pau Loke
Published: April 2019

The management of solid waste presents a challenge for developing countries as the generation of waste is increasing at a rapid and alarming rate. Much awareness towards the sustainability and technological advances for solid waste management has been implemented to reduce the generation of unnecessary waste. The recycling of this waste is being applied to produce valuable organic matter, which can be used as fertilizers or amendments to improve the soil structure. This review studies the sustainable transformation of various types of biomass waste such as animal manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, and food waste, into organic fertilizers and their impact on waste minimization and agricultural enhancement. The side effects of these organic fertilizers towards the soil are evaluated as the characteristics of these fertilizers will differ depending on the types of waste used, in addition to the varying chemical composition of the organic fertilizers. This work will provide an insight to the potential management of biomass waste to be produced into organic fertilizer and the advantages of substituting chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer derived from the biomass waste.
Same Same but Different: How and Why Banks Approach Sustainability
Authors: Zimmermann Salome
Published: April 2019

Given their intermediary role and resulting influence on other industries, banks are pivotal in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs), for which they approach ecological and social challenges in numerous ways. This study aims at creating a typology of the sustainability strategies that banks implement. To this end, 26 in-depth interviews were conducted within the German banking industry to detect patterns in the sustainable practices of these financial institutions. The strategy types identified are narrow, peripheral, balanced, and integrative, which are similar in structure but substantially different with respect to the kind of practices. Specifically, three main features distinguish these strategies. First, banks focus on either their core businesses or the peripheries of their business. Second, banks can concentrate on social or environmental issues. Third, within the peripheries of their businesses, banks can support external sustainability projects in terms of finances or content. It is also found that the choice of strategy is driven by varying combinations of business, social, and environmental motives. I thus explore the ways by which financial institutions contribute to the realization of the SDGs. The typology established in this work improves understanding with regards to the implementation of sustainability strategies and serves as inspiration to sustainability managers of banks. It also adds to sustainability research in the service context, which, unlike the manufacturing industry, is a widely under-researched setting.
Rectified Diffusion of Gas Bubbles in Molten Metal during Ultrasonic Degassing
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Zhang Yuning
Published: April 2019

In the present paper, an analytical solution of rectified diffusion of processes of gas bubbles in molten metal is derived for the purpose of predicting the diffusion behaviors of gas bubbles during ultrasonic degassing. In the present model, a theoretical threshold (in terms of the amplitude of the applied ultrasonic field) is determined for the evaluation of the ultrasonic degassing effects. The diffusion of hydrogen bubbles in molten aluminum is predicted, so as to provide examples to illustrate the important findings of the present work.
An Information Entropy Based Event Boundary Detection Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Wu Huafeng , Meng Qingshun , Xian Jiangfeng , Mei Xiaojun , Claramunt Christophe , Cao Junkuo
Published: April 2019

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been extensively applied in ecological environment monitoring. Typically, event boundary detection is an effective method to determine the scope of an event area in large-scale environment monitoring. This paper proposes a novel lightweight Entropy based Event Boundary Detection algorithm (EEBD) in WSNs. We first develop a statistic model using information entropy to figure out the probability that a sensor is a boundary sensor. The EEBD is independently executed on each wireless sensor in order to judge whether it is a boundary sensor node, by comparing the values of entropy against the threshold which depends on the boundary width. Simulation results demonstrate that the EEBD is computable and offers valuable detection accuracy of boundary nodes with both low and high network node density. This study also includes experiments that verify the EEBD which is applicable in a real ocean environmental monitoring scenario using WSNs.
LPI Radar Waveform Recognition Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network Transfer Learning
Authors: Guo Qiang , Yu Xin , Ruan Guoqing
Published: April 2019

Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) radar waveform recognition is not only an important branch of the electronic reconnaissance field, but also an important means to obtain non-cooperative radar information. To solve the problems of LPI radar waveform recognition rate, difficult feature extraction and large number of samples needed, an automatic classification and recognition system based on Choi-Williams distribution (CWD) and depth convolution neural network migration learning is proposed in this paper. First, the system performs CWD time-frequency transform on the LPI radar waveform to obtain a 2-D time-frequency image. Then the system preprocesses the original time-frequency image. In addition, then the system sends the pre-processed image to the pre-training model (Inception-v3 or ResNet-152) of the deep convolution network for feature extraction. Finally, the extracted features are sent to a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to realize offline training and online recognition of radar waveforms. The simulation results show that the overall recognition rate of the eight LPI radar signals (LFM, BPSK, Costas, Frank, and T1–T4) of the ResNet-152-SVM system reaches 97.8%, and the overall recognition rate of the Inception-v3-SVM system reaches 96.2% when the SNR is −2 dB.
Hydrodynamical Study of Micropolar Fluid in a Porous-Walled Channel: Application to Flat Plate Dialyzer
Authors: Lu Dianchen , Kahshan Muhammad , Siddiqui A. M.
Published: April 2019

This article investigates the two-dimensional creeping flow of a non-Newtonian micropolar fluid in a small width permeable channel. Fluid is absorbed through permeable walls at a variable rate. This situation arises in filtration and mass transfer phenomena in industrial and engineering processes. The exact solution of the equations of motion is obtained. Graphs of the velocity profiles and pressure drop reveal the significant impact of the non-Newtonian nature of the micropolar fluid on the flow. The obtained solutions are used to discuss the hydrodynamical aspects of the physiological phenomenon of blood filtration in an artificial kidney, the flat plate dialyzer (FPD). Expressions for finding the ultrafiltration rate and mean pressure drop in an FPD are derived. Ultrafiltration rate and the mean pressure difference in an FPD are computed using derived expressions. A comparison of these with the existing empirical and experimental results shows a good agreement. For certain values of parameters, the derived form of the flow rate reveals that the axial flow rate in an FPD decays exponentially along the membrane length. This is a well-established and admitted result used by several researchers for studying the hydrodynamics of blood flow in renal tubules of kidneys. It is concluded that the presented model can be used to study the hydrodynamical aspects of blood flow in an FPD.
Numerical Analysis of Boundary Layer Flow Adjacent to a Thin Needle in Nanofluid with the Presence of Heat Source and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Salleh Siti Nur Alwani , Bachok Norfifah , Arifin Norihan Md , Ali Fadzilah Md
Published: April 2019

The steady boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a thin needle under the influences of heat generation and chemical reaction is analyzed in the present work. The mathematical model has been formulated by using Buongiornos’s nanofluid model which incorporates the effect of the Brownian motion and thermophoretic diffusion. The governing coupled partial differential equations are transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformations. These equations are then computed numerically through MATLAB software using the implemented package called bvp4c. The influences of various parameters such as Brownian motion, thermophoresis, velocity ratio, needle thickness, heat generation and chemical reaction parameters on the flow, heat and mass characteristics are investigated. The physical characteristics which include the skin friction, heat and mass transfers, velocity, temperature and concentration are further elaborated with the variation of governing parameters and presented through graphs. It is observed that the multiple (dual) solutions are likely to exist when the needle moves against the direction of the fluid flow. It is also noticed that the reduction in needle thickness contributes to the enlargement of the region of the dual solutions. The determination of the stable solution has been done using a stability analysis. The results indicate that the upper branch solutions are linearly stable, while the lower branch solutions are linearly unstable. The study also revealed that the rate of heat transfer is a decreasing function of heat generation parameter, while the rate of mass transfer is an increasing function of heat generation and chemical reaction parameters.
Suppression of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 6 Favors the Accumulation of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in Nicotiana Benthamiana
Authors: Adkar-Purushothama Charith Raj , Perreault Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2019

To date, two plant genes encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRs) that play major roles in the defense against RNA viruses have been identified: (i) RdR1, which is responsible for the viral small RNAs (vsRNAs) found in virus-infected plants, and, (ii) RdR6, which acts as a surrogate in the absence of RdR1. In this study, the role of RdR6 in the defense against viroid infection was examined by knock-down of RdR6 followed by potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) infection. The suppression of RdR6 expression increased the plant’s growth, as was illustrated by the plant’s increased height. PSTVd infection of RdR6 compromised plants resulted in an approximately three-fold increase in the accumulation of viroid RNA as compared to that seen in control plants. Additionally, RNA gel blot assay revealed an increase in the number of viroids derived small RNAs in RdR6 suppressed plants as compared to control plants. These data provide a direct correlation between RdR6 and viroid accumulation and indicate the role of RDR6 in the plant’s susceptibility to viroid infection.
Experimental Investigation of Lateral Subsurface Flow Depending on Land Use and Soil Cultivation
Authors: Teschemacher Sonja , Rieger Wolfgang , Disse Markus
Published: April 2019

The magnitude and timing of flood events are influenced by surface and subsurface flow generation as well as by present land use distribution. An integrated understanding of the interactions of soil properties, land use and flow generation is still missing. Therefore, field experiments are required to gain further knowledge about land use dependencies of discharge generation and concentration processes. In our research, we built an experimental setup consisting of three sites with similar soil and topographic conditions and different land use types (cropland, grassland, forest). The applied multimethod approach includes meteorological parameters, soil moisture, soil moisture tension, surface runoff, lateral subsurface flow, and stream discharge observations. The results show that low subsurface flow discharges more often occur at the cropland site, while large flow volumes were mainly observed at the grassland site. A correlation of the horizontal distribution of subsurface flow volumes and the accumulation areas of the surface topography has been found (r² = 0.76). The observed average response times for advective events increase from the forest site (6.0 h) to the grassland site (12.4 h) to the cropland site (20.9 h). Response times of convective events were shorter than 1 h at all sites.
Water Stable Isotopes in an Alpine Setting of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Qiu Xue , Zhang Mingjun , Wang Shengjie , Argiriou Athanassios A. , Chen Rong , Meng Hongfei , Guo Rong
Published: April 2019

Hydrological processes produce effects on water resources in inland mountainous regions. To perform a comprehensive investigation of the important segments of the water cycle, using the Qilian Mountains as a case study, precipitation, soil, plant, river, and groundwater were collected during the plant growing season of 2016. All samples were collected on a monthly basis, except precipitation, which was collected on a per event basis. The results showed that: the “temperature effect” was apparent, which suggested a drier climate background; there were differences in the slope and intercept of the local meteoric water line, using different regression methods; and the δ18O of soil water varied greatly in the topsoil, tended to be similar in the deep soil, and became increasingly depleted as the soil depth increased. The responses of the soil water isotopes to precipitation pulses had different boundaries. The major water source for Caragana Fabr. in no-precipitation month was located in the 0–30 cm soil layer, but was different in months when precipitation occurred. Overall, the findings from the stable isotopes provide insights into hydrological processes and offer a platform to understand mountainous water cycle in arid areas.
Optimised Triangular Weir Design for Assessing the Full-Scale Performance of Green Infrastructure
Authors: El Hattab Mohamad H. , Mijic Ana , Vernon Dejan
Published: April 2019

Conventional triangular weirs have been originally developed to measure, divert, and control surface water. However, a special application of these weirs, such as for low flow measurements in full-scale monitoring of Green Infrastructure (GI), is not well investigated. Available head-discharge relationships for triangular sharp-crested weirs are only valid under a free-flow regime. Literature focusing on the V-notch weir usage for GI assessment suggests that it is necessary to calibrate the head-discharge relationship before its use. This study focuses on understanding the effects of site constraints on the measurement performance of a V-notch weir at low flow rates, and the validity of equations derived for similar applications that can be found in the literature. The variation of discharge coefficient in various flow regimes was investigated experimentally based on calibration runs covering flow rates between 0.054 l/s and 7 l/s. The results show that for 30° and 45° V-notch weirs, three flow regimes can be identified. It was observed that literature equations to calculate the discharge coefficient are valid for partially-contracted triangular weirs only at heads greater than vertex distance from the channel. However, for low flows that are expected to occur when estimating the full-scale performance of GI, the equations available from the literature for similar site conditions underestimated the flow rate between 85% and 17%. This emphasises the need for accurate calibration of a V-notch device under the site conditions to achieve the necessary level of accuracy in GI performance estimation. The procedure outlined in this work can be easily replicated to determine the optimal monitoring system configuration. Alternatively, if the site conditions would match those described in this study, the computed discharge using the proposed relations, in combination with the general V-notch weir equation, provides a significant improvement in the accuracy of measurements, expands the head applicability range of V-notch weirs, and enables better understanding of GI performance at the full scale.
Comparison of Surface Water Volume Estimation Methodologies That Couple Surface Reflectance Data and Digital Terrain Models
Authors: Fuentes Ignacio , Padarian José , van Ogtrop Floris , Vervoort R. Willem
Published: April 2019

Uncertainty about global change requires alternatives to quantify the availability of water resources and their dynamics. A methodology based on different satellite imagery and surface elevation models to estimate surface water volumes would be useful to monitor flood events and reservoir storages. In this study, reservoirs with associated digital terrain models (DTM) and continuously monitored volumes were selected. The inundated extent was based on a supervised classification using surface reflectance in Landsat 5 images. To estimate associated water volumes, the DTMs were sampled at the perimeter of inundated areas and an inverse distance weighting interpolation was used to populate the water elevation inside the flooded polygons. The developed methodology (IDW) was compared against different published methodologies to estimate water volumes from digital elevation models, which assume either a flat water surface using the maximum elevation of inundated areas (Max), and a flat water surface using the median elevation of the perimeter of inundated areas (Median), or a tilted surface, where water elevations are based on an iterative focal maximum statistic with increasing window sizes (FwDET), and finally a tilted water surface obtained by replacing the focal maximum statistic from the FwDET methodology with a focal mean statistic (FwDET_mean). Volume estimates depend strongly on both water detection and the terrain model. The Max and the FwDET methodologies are highly affected by the water detection step, and the FwDET_mean methodology leads to lower volume estimates due to the iterative smoothing of elevations, which also tends to be computationally expensive for big areas. The Median and IDW methodologies outperform the rest of the methods, and IDW can be used for both reservoir and flood volume monitoring. Different sources of error can be observed, being systematic errors associated with the DTM acquisition time and the reported volumes, which for example fail to consider dynamic sedimentation processes taking place in reservoirs. Resolution effects account for a fraction of errors, being mainly caused by terrain curvature.
Exploring Freshwater Regimes and Impact Factors in the Coastal Estuaries of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Dang Vinh Hoa , Tran Dung Duc , Pham Thuc Bich Thi , Khoi Dao Nguyen , Tran Phuong Ha , Nguyen Ninh Trung
Published: April 2019

Freshwater resources make an essential contribution to the livelihoods of millions of local people in the coastal estuaries of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). However, coastal freshwaters currently face numerous threats, not least (i) changing tidal dynamics due to sea level rise and (ii) changes in river regimes due to dam construction upstream. This research explores the evolution of freshwater regimes in these coastal estuaries. Using process diagrams, freshwater distributions are mapped and analyzed. Application of statistical methods provides insight into freshwater flow cycles and variations in water regimes upstream at various measurement points within the estuaries. A previously calibrated and validated hydraulic model is used to simulate drought-year scenarios and spatial changes in freshwaters over time. Findings indicate decreasing river discharges in the flood season, but increasing discharges in the dry season, due to the impacts of hydropower dams. In addition, the driest months are shifting earlier. From this data, we derive rules of thumb regarding freshwater distributions in the coastal estuaries of the VMD. These relate to (i) the boundary beyond which freshwater is always found; (ii) the boundary where freshwater appears daily; (iii) the start of the freshwater season; (iii) the boundary where freshwater appears until February and until April; (iv) the end of the flood season; and (v) the number of days without freshwater per year. The trends discerned will help local freshwater users and decision makers formulate forward-looking, flexible strategies for freshwater exploitation, while also providing avenues for further research.
PENGARUH PRODUK DAN KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA PT. ALFA SCORPII PEMATANG REBA
Authors: Hermanto Hermanto
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Pematang Reba Kecamatan Rengat Barat Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu, dengan maksud dan tujuan ingin melihat Pengaruh Produk dan Kepuasan Konsumen Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor pada PT. Alfa Scorpii Pematang Reba.

Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan mengunakan data kualitatif yang dikuantitatif dan selanjutnya diolah dengan mengunakan rumus regresi linear berganda dan kolerasi berganda.

Hasil penelitian dari koefesien regresi Pengaruh Produk dan Kepuasan Konsumen Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor pada PT. Alfa Scorpii Pematang Reba maka dapat persamaan Y= 5,156 + 0,386 X1 + 0,388X2, dari persamaan dapat diartikan bahwa jika konstanta sebesar 5,156 artinya jika Produk (X1) dan Kepuasan Konsumen (X2) nilainya adalah 0 maka Keputusan Pembelian nilainya adalah 0,386. Koefesien regresi variabel Produk (X1) sebesar 0,386, artinya jika variabel independen lainnya nilainnya tetap dan Produk mengalami kenaikan satu satuan maka Keputusan Pembelian akan mengalami kenaikan sebesar 0,386. Sedangkan koefesien Kepuasan Konsumen (X2) sebesar 0,388 artinya jika variabel independen lainnya tetap dan Kepuasan Konsumen mengalami kenaikan satu satuan maka Keputusan Pembelian akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,388. Dari hasil penguji F hitung diperoleh nilai F hitung (18,814)> F tabel (3,10) dengan demikian Ha diterma dan Ho ditolak. Untuk pengujian t hitung pada variabel Produk didapat nilai t hitung(4,006) >t tabel (1,98793) Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak artinya adalah terdapat pengaruh signifikan Produk terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Untuk pengujian variabel Kepuasan Konsumen diperoleh nilai t hitung(3,675) >t tabel (1,98793) Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima artinya terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara Kepuasan Konsumen terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Selanjutnya di peroleh R = 0,508. Artinya hubungan Produk dan Kepuasan Konsumen terhadap Keputusan Pembelian mempunyai sedang. Selanjutnya dapat dijelaskan bahwa R2 =0,258 artinya terdapat kontribusi antara variabel Produk dan Kepuasan Konsumen terhadap Keputusan Pembelian sebesar 25,8% sedangkan 74,2% lagi dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
PERILAKU SEKSUALITAS REMAJA DI LINGKUNGAN KELURAHAN BINJAI KECAMATAN MEDAN DENAI KODYA MEDAN PROPINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Susyanti Deni
Published: April 2019

Masalah seks di kalangan remaja merupakan permasalahan bersama di dalam kehidupan masyarakat, karena erat kaitannya dengan adat istiadat dan moralitas yang merupakan ukuran baik dan buruk di dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Usia remaja merupakan masa dimana terjadi perkembangan hormone seksual yang akan memberikan pengalaman-pengalaman baru bagi remaja itu sendiri. Pengalaman baru ini akan menimbulkan rasa ketertarikan dengan lawan jenis yang akhirnya mendorong remaja berkeinginan melakukan hubungan seksual pra nikah. Hal ini juga di pengaruhi oleh rasa ingin tahu tentang seks yang menurut remaja hanya sebatas pada organ seks dan mencoba mencari cara untuk memenuhi hasratnya misalnya masturbasi, bercumbu dan bersenggama. Hanya beberapa remaja yang berharap pengetahuan tentang seks di pelajari dari orang tua.      Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dimana menggambarkan perilaku seksualitas remaja di lingkungan VI Kelurahan Binjai Kecamatan Medan Denai dengan jumlah sample yang di ambil adalah 67 orang remaja. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik penentuan skala likert yang mempunyai 2 kategori yaitu kriteria baik dan kriteria kurang baik. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dimana tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan seksualitas remaja di Lingkungan VI Kelurahan Binjai Kecamatan Medan Denai termasuk kedalam kriteria baik dengan jumlah 52 orang (77,61%) sedangkan yang termasuk kriteria kurang baik hanya berjumlah 15 orang (22,38%). Sehingga jelaslah masih tingginya kesadaran dan baiknya perilaku remaja di lingkungan VI Kelurahan Binjai Kecamatan Medan Denai. Yang paling dominan pada hasil penelitian ini adalah telah didapatnya penerangan/ pengetahuan tentang seks kepada remaja yang menjawab ya sebanyak 67 orang (100 %). Dan juga dalam berhubungan seks sebellum nikah serta hubungan kelamin/ intim dengan pacar, kedua hal ini sangatlah tidak disetujui oleh remaja digambarkan dengan hasil penelitian yang menyatakan 67 orang (100%) juga.Kata kunci : Perilaku, Seksualitas, Remaja
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN VITAMIN E TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOLOGIS TUBULUS PROKSIMAL GINJAL PADA MENCIT BETINA DEWASA (Mus musculus L) YANG MENDAPAT LATIHAN FISIK MAKSIMAL
Authors: Olivia Nina
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Vitamin E terhadap gambaran histopatologi pada mencit betina dewasa (Mus musculus L.) yang mendapat latihan fisik maksimal. Penelitian ini memakai mencit betina dewasa (Mus musculus .L) sebanyak 25 ekor yang dibagi dalam 1 kelompok kontrol  dan 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok pertama (P0) sebagai kontrol yang tidak mendapat perlakuan apapun. Kelompok kedua (P1) mendapatkan  latihan fisik maksimal setiap hari selama 30 hari, kelompok ketiga (P2) mendapatkan  latihan fisik maksimal dan larutan aquadest 0,5 ml/hari per oral selama 30 hari, kelompok keempat (P3) mendapatkan  latihan fisik maksimal setiap hari selama 15 hari pertama, kemudian 15 hari berikutnya diberikan latihan fisik maksimal dan vitamin E 2mg/hari per oral setiap hari, kelompok kelima (P4) mendapatkan latihan fisik maksimal dan vitamin E 2mg/hari per oral setiap hari selama 30 hari. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan pemberian Vitamin E tidak mempengaruhi bobot ginjal mencit betina dewasa (Mus musculus L.) yang mendapat perlakuan latihan fisik maksimal (P>0,05), tetapi pemberian Vitamin E mempengaruhi rata-rata gambaran histologis tubulus proksimal ginjal mencit betina dewasa (Mus musculus L.) yang mendapat perlakuan latihan fisik maksimal(P<0,05). Latihan fisik maksimal menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif yang mempengaruhi gambaran histologis tubulus proksimal ginjal, Vitamin E sebagai antioksidan dapat menekan jumlah luas kerusakan tubulus proksimal ginjal dengan dosis 2 mg/ hari secara oral selama 15 hari.Kata kunci : vitamin E,latihan fisik maksimal, histologis tubulus proksimal ginjal, NTA
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PASIEN TENTANG PERAWATAN GASTRITIS DI RS UMUM BANGKATAN BINJAI TAHUN 2016
Authors: Siregar Ilham Syahputra
Published: April 2019

Gastritis is an inflammation that affects the gastric mucosa. This inflammation can result in coagulation of the gastric mucosa until the release of the superficial mucosal epithelium is the most important cause of digestive tract disorders. Epithelial release will stimulate the onset of the inflammatory process in the stomach.Gastritis or dyspepsia or a term known by the community as an ulcer or stomach disease is a collection of symptoms that are felt as pain, especially in the pit of the stomach, people who are attacked by this disease are usually often nausea, vomiting, feeling full and feeling uncomfortable. The cause of gastritis is the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, mafenamat acid, in large quantities, excessive alcohol consumption, lots of smoking, chemotherapy testing, severe stress, consumption of oral chemicals that are acid-base and ischemic shock. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of patient's knowledge about the treatment of gastritis (ulcer).The research method used is descriptive quantitative method, taking samples using accidental sampling techniques. As many as 30 people with questionnaire data collection instruments. The data obtained are grouped based on the level of patient's knowledge of gastritis. Based on the level of knowledge of patients about gastritis treatment, there were 13 people (43%), quite 12 people (40%), and less as many as 5 people (17%) so that it can be concluded that the patient's knowledge of gastritis treatment at Binjai City General Hospital is classified well. But it is not applied in everyday life.Keywords: Patient Knowledge, Gastritis, Gastritis Treatment.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN ASMA BRONCIAL PADA ANAK DI RUANG SAKURA RUMAH SAKIT PTPN II BANGKATAN BINJAI TAHUN 2017
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: April 2019

Broncial asthma is a chronic disease that is often found in children and adults in developing and developed countries. Since the last two decades, it has been reported that the total prevalence of bronchial asthma in the world is estimated to be 7.2% (6% in adults and 10% in children). The prevalence varies greatly by country and even differences are also found between regions within a country. The prevalence of bronchial asthma in various countries is difficult to compare, it is not clear whether the difference in numbers arises because of differences in diagnostic criteria or because there really are differences. This study is descriptive to determine the factors associated with bronchial asthma in children in the Sakura room of PTPN II Bangkat Binjai Hospital in 2017. Data collection in this study using questionnaires grouped based on allergies, cigarette smoke, sports, and air pollution from research results This shows that from 20 respondents (100%) it was known that 5 people (25%) were due to allergic factors, 5 people (25%) because of cigarette smoke, 4 people (20%) because of sports and 6 people (30%) due to air pollution . It is expected that the Rumah Akit will always increase counseling to patients about bronchial asthma in children.Keywords: broncial asthma factors
PENGARUH PELAKSANAAN PEMERIKSAAN PAYUDARA SENDIRI (SADARI) TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN KEMAMPUAN SISWI DALAM UPAYA DETEKSI DINI KANKER PAYUDARA SMA SWAKARYA TAHUN 2017
Authors: Hutapea Martha
Published: April 2019

Breast cancer is the second largest that attacks women in Indonesia and the number one killer in the world. One of the early detection methods of breast cancer is breast selfexamination. Most women do not do self-examination due to their lack of knowledge of breast self-examination. The objective of this research is to investigate effect of the health education of breast self-examination as an early detection for cancer on the knowledge and attitude of female students of State Vocational High School 1 of Karanganyar. This research used the quantitative pre-experimental research method with the pretestposttest design. The samples of the research were taken by using the cluster sampling technique. They consisted of 31 respondents. The data of the research were analyzed by using Wilcoxon’s test and McNemar’s Test. The result of the test shows that the value of p for the variable of Knoweldge is 0.000 and that of p for the variable of attitude is 0.000, meaning that there is an effect of the health education of breast self-examination as an early detection for cancer on the knowledge and attitude of female students of State Vocational High School 1 of Karanganyar. Therefore, the following researchers in the same field are recommended to compare between the health education with lecturing and demonstration methods and the health education with lecturing and video methods two groups, namely: Control Group and Experimental Group.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN TINDAKAN MEMBUANG SAMPAH DI LINGKUNGAN IV KELURAHAN HELVETIA KECAMATAN MEDAN HELVETIA TAHUN 2017
Authors: Alfikri Napis , Hidayat Wisnu , Girsang Vierto Irennius
Published: April 2019

Garbage is the consequence human activity in the form of disposal or waste. There are 2000 tons of garbage per day in Medan, and most of the garbage which comes from people’s homes and is produced by housewives reaches to 1,500 to 1,600 tons per day.  which is caused by several factors that are predisposition, enabler and amplifier. The objective of the research was to find out some factors which were correlated with the behavior of action throwing garbage at Lingkungan IV, Kelurahan Helvetia, Medan Helvetia, in 2017. The population was178 people, and 123 of them were used as the samples. The research used observational analytic method with cross sectional design. The data were analyzed by using univariate anaslysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis. The result of the research showed that there was the correlation of knowledge (p-value = <0.001), attitude (p-value = 0.004), education (p-value = <0.001), availability of facility (p-value = <0.001), socialization of health care providers (p-value = <0.001), and knowledge about perda no 6 year 2015 (p-value = <0.004) of throwing garbage. The variable which had the most dominant correlation with of throwing garbage was knowledge which 8.6 times of the possibility to be a good behavior in throwing garbage compared with those who had bad knowledge. It is recommended that the Government do regular evaluation and promote environmental health by making public figures participate in good behavior of throwing garbage.Keywords: Predisposition, Enabling, Enforcing, Action   Throwing Garbage
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TERHADAP TERJADINYA PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER DI POLI JANTUNG RSUD PIRNGADI MEDAN TAHUN 2017
Authors: Safrul Siti Aisyah , Ginting Daniel , Sinaga Janno
Published: April 2019

Various risk factors are suspected to encourage the occurrence of CHD, some may be modified but some are not. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the occurrence of Coronary Heart Disease In Cardiovascular Poly Pirngadi Medan Year 2017. Case population in this study is all heart patients Coroner who came to treatment at Pirngadi Hospital 2017 in 2017 amounted to 491 people. From the results of this calculation then the researchers set the number of samples as many as 83 people. The results showed that there was Based on the results obtained that the sex effect on coronary heart events with p value = 0.023, age affects coronary heart events, Smoking Habit affect coronary heart events. Hypertension to coronary heart events. Diabetes (DM) against coronary heart events. Obesity has an effect on coronary heart event. Physical activity has an effect on coronary heart event. Suggested efforts to prevent non-communicable diseases, especially coronary heart disease in women more useful done from adolescence, so that risk factors can be controlled early, especially controlling obesity and healthy diet through physical activity and healthy diet; high fiber, low fat, low salt and sugar.Keywords: Factors Affecting Against Coronary Heart Disease
CERAMIC BRICK FROM YAKUTIA RAW MATERIALS WITH THE ADDITION OF GROUND CULLET
Authors: Трепалина Ю. , Trepalina Yu. , Кириллова Н. , Kirillova N.
Published: April 2019

For centuries, ceramic brick is the main building material in the construction of low-rise residential buildings and utility rooms. In addition, durability, high artistic features and the absence of toxicity characterize building ceramics. The volumes of construction in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the demand for bricks are increasing every year. Ceramic brick imported from outside the republic is used in the construction of facilities in Yakutsk. The Republic of Sakha possesses a good raw material base of clay and loam for the production of ceramic products. The study of basic properties of clay raw materials for obtaining a quality product is of particular importance. The results of studies on the use of raw materials from the Sannikovskoye clay deposit located in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the further production of ceramic bricks are presented. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the clay raw materials are determined. Compositions of ceramic masses with the addition of waste cullet in different percentages are designed to reduce the amount of solid waste. The cullet used is tare and transparent. The technological and basic physicomechanical properties of the obtained samples are investigated.
TOWN-PLANNING ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY
Authors: Щербина Е. , Scherbina E. , Егорова С. , Egorova S.
Published: April 2019

The development of the tourism, as a promising direction of socio-economic development of urban and rural areas, defines new approaches to the development of urban planning design documents. In this aspect, the connection is established between the types of tourism activities and urban planning facilities that are necessary for the implementation of the tourist approach. A matrix of town planning objects is proposed depending on the types of tourism. It allows to determine the direction and the formation of objects providing tourist activities, the placement of which should be reflected in the master plan of the city. The importance of developing regional and local standards for urban planning, taking into account the development of the tourism industry is demonstrated.
Semantic function of the choral counterpoint in Canticum sacrum by Igor Stravinsky
Authors: Fartushka O.
Published: April 2019

Background. The substantiation of the logic of stylistic synthesis in the light of the choral component of the dramaturgy of this composition opens up the prospect of studying choral counterpoint of the twentieth century as universals and also helps to identify patterns of artistic thinking. Objectives. The article is devoted to the identification of semantic function of the choral counterpoint in the context of the overall dramaturgy in Canticum Sacrum ad honorem Sancti Marci Nominis by Stravinsky. Methods. The author used hermeneutic, structural-functional, semantic research methods. The performing approach to the studying fragments of Stravinsky’s compositions reflects the specificity of choral art. Results. Choral counterpoint in the context of the overall dramaturgy Canticum sacrum develops into a separate layer, which is more than others, depends on strict norms of counterpoint. Stravinsky, relying on the traditions of the cantata genre, distinguishes the choral component into a peculiar counterpoint, which contrasts with others layers of the dramaturgy (orchestra, organ, soloists). It has been found that the solo parts of the score have a more subjective embodiment, in which there are both an expressive recitation of lyric lines (Song of Solomon 4:16, 5:1) and an emotional appeal to the God (Mark 9:23-24) while the choral layer of dramaturgy represents the main tenets of the Faith: Preaching the Gospel and Three Christian Virtues – Love, Faith and Hope. The counterpoint as a reflection of the idea of “absolute harmony” in the context of the composition is the Divine Word and the main precept with which there is sacrificial Love, Faith and Hope for the salvation. Features of the pitch organization are the result of the composer’s reference to the serialism. The combination of the principles of the classical 12-tone technique with the elements of serialism determines the specific interpretation of melodic material, intervallic structure and voice leading. Conclusions. Analysis of the fragments of Canticum sacrum score set that the choral counterpoint performs the function of objectification to express basic postulate ideas. That is why the norms of poetics of the strict counterpoint are the dominant stylistic components in the choral writing of Stravinsky. They appear in the symmetry or proportionality of the forms, the partial usage of the textural features of the samples of this stylistic direction, as well as the whole apparatus of canonic techniques.
До проблеми управління процесом космічних спостережень заданих районів землі при вирішенні оперативних завдань
Authors: Фриз П. В.
Published: April 2019

Узагальнено авторські результати розробки методологічних основ управління процесом космічних спостережень заданих районів Землі при вирішенні оперативних завдань в умовахобмежених бортових ресурсів. При цьому запропоновано ряд методів та моделей, що певною мірою сприяють розв’язанню протиріччя між штатними можливостями космічних засобів тазростаючими потребами замовників цільової інформації від них.
Численное моделирование газодинамических процессов в дозвуковом входном устройстве кольцевого типа силовой установки с винтовентиляторным двигателем
Authors: Мітрахович М. М. , Комаров В. В.
Published: April 2019

Процес руху потоку робочого тіла в проточній частині газотурбінного двигуна надзвичайно складний і недостатньо вивчений. У дозвуковому вхідному пристрої газотурбінного двигуна є ряд особливостей руху потоку. Стаття присвячена розробці методики аеродинамічного розрахунку течії в дозвуковому вхідному обладнанні кільцевого типу силової установки з гвинтовентиляторним двигуном, що заснована на застосуванні комерційного програмного продукту ANSYS. Для оцінки точності результатів розрахунків проведене порівняння розрахункових і експериментальних даних. Розглянутий приклад практичного застосування розробленої методики.
Проблема оновлення автопарку Збройних Сил України та формування перспективного типажу військової автомобільної техніки в аспекті сучасних тенденцій
Authors: Крайник Л. , М.
Published: April 2019

Розглянуто сучасний стан парку автомобілів та військової автомобільної техніки (ВАТ) Збройних Сил (ЗС) України. З аналізу тенденцій розвитку ВАТ в арміях НАТО та необхідності оновлення застарілого парку автомобілів ЗС України сформовано перспективний типаж повнопривідної ВАТ та агрегатно уніфікованих бойових і спеціальних колісних машин з врахуванням потенціалу вітчизняного машинобудування та критичного імпорту агрегатів і вузлів.
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Sensitize CD44-Overexpressing Cancer Cells to Hsp90 Inhibitor Through Autophagy Activation
Authors: Moon Hyun-Jung , Park So-Young , Lee Su-Hoon , Kang Chi-Dug , Kim Sun-Hee
Published: April 2019

Recently, novel therapeutic strategies have been designed with the aim of killing cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), and considerable interest has been generated in the development of specific therapies that target stemness-related marker of CSCs. In this study, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs) significantly potentiated Hsp90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG)-mediated cytotoxicity through apoptotic and autophagic cell death induction, but COX-2-inhibitory function was not required for NSAID-induced autophagy in CD44-overexpressing human chronic
myeloid leukemia K562 (CD44highK562) cells. Importantly, we found that treatment with NSAIDs resulted in a dose-dependent increase in LC3-II level and decrease in p62 level and simultaneous reduction in multiple stemness-related markers including CD44, Oct4, c-Myc, and mutant p53
(mutp53) in CD44highK562 cells, suggesting that NSAIDs could induce autophagy, which might mediate degradation of stemness-related marker proteins. Activation of AMPK and inhibition of Akt/mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 participated in NSAID-induced autophagy in CD44highK562 cells.
In addition, treatment of CD44highK562 cells with NSAIDs inhibited expression of HSF1/Hsps, which resulted in suppression of 17-AAG-induced activation of Hsp70, leading to reversal of 17-AAG resistance and sensitization of CD44highK562 cells to 17-AAG by NSAIDs. In conclusion,
combining NSAIDs with Hsp90 inhibitor may offer one of the most promising strategies for eradication of CD44-overexpressing CSCs.
PPARβ/δ Agonist GW501516 Inhibits Tumorigenesis and Promotes Apoptosis of the Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma C666-1 Cells by Regulating miR-206
Authors: Gu Linglan , Shi Yi , Xu Weimin , Ji Yangyang
Published: April 2019

In previous investigations, we reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) activation by GW501516 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in the undifferentiated C666-1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells by modulating caspase-dependent
apoptotic pathway. In the present study, the mechanism by which GW501516 induces apoptosis was explored from the perspective of microRNA (miRNA) expression. Among the assayed miRNAs that were involved in regulating the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, miR-206 was increased significantly
and specifically by GW501516 in C666-1 cells at both the in vitro level and at the in vivo xenograft samples. The induction on miR-206 expression caused by GW501516 was capable of being antagonized by the PPARβ/δ antagonist GSK3787 and AMPK antagonist dorsomorphin in C666-1 cells.
GW501516’s suppression on the growth and apoptosis of C666-1 cells was found to be dependent on the presence of miR-206. miR-206 overexpression resulted in suppressed proliferation and colony formation ability, and further triggered increased apoptosis in C666-1 cells in a caspase-dependent
manner. The expression of cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 9, and the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 were elevated remarkably by miR-206. Consistent with the in vitro result, miR-206 was corroborated to suppress the ectopic NPC xenograft tumorigenesis that derived from the C666-1 cells in BALB/c nu/nu
mice. Taken together, the current data demonstrated that miR-206 plays a critical role in the direct apoptosis-promoting effect induced by GW501516 in C666-1 cells. Furthermore, the emphasized tumor-suppressive role of miR-206 in the C666-1 cells indicates that it has the potential to provide
a new therapeutic approach for the undifferentiated NPC.
MicroRNA-204 Potentiates the Sensitivity of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to Arsenic Trioxide
Authors: Wang Zhiguo , Fang Zehui , Lu Runzhang , Zhao Hongli , Gong Tiejun , Liu Dong , Hong Luojia , Ma Jun , Zhang Mei
Published: April 2019

Although arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a well-known antileukemic drug used for acute promyelocytic leukemia treatment, the development of ATO resistance is still a big challenge. We previously reported that microRNA-204 (miR-204) was involved in the regulation of acute myeloid leukemia
(AML) cell apoptosis, but its role in chemoresistance is poorly understood. In the present study, we showed that miR-204 was significantly increased in AML cells after ATO treatment. Interestingly, the increased miR-204 level that was negatively correlated with ATO induced the decrease in
cell viability and baculoviral inhibition of apoptosis protein repeat-containing 6 (BIRC6) expression. Overexpression of miR-204 potentiated ATO-induced AML cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-204 directly targets to the 3′-UTR of BIRC6. Upregulation of miR-204 decreased
BIRC6 luciferase activity and expression, which subsequently enhanced the expression of p53. Restoration of BIRC6 markedly reversed the effect of miR-204 on the regulation of AML cell sensitivity to ATO. Taken together, our study demonstrates that miR-204 decreases ATO chemoresistance in AML
cells at least partially via promoting BIRC6/p53-mediated apoptosis. miR-204 represents a novel target of ATO, and upregulation of miR-204 may be a useful strategy to improve the efficacy of ATO in AML treatment.
PSEUDODIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS WITH COMPLEX ARGUMENTS AND CAUCHY PROBLEM
Authors: Dubinskii J.
Published: April 2019

"Pseudodifferential operators with complex arguments and Cauchy problem." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis, 1(1), p. 15
О ТЕОРЕМАХ ПОКРЫТИЯ ДЛЯ НЕКОТОРЫХ КЛАССОВ РЕГУЛЯРНЫХ В ЕДИНИЧНОМ КРУГЕ ГУНКЦИЙ
Authors: Kirijackii E. G.
Published: April 2019

„О теоремах покрытия для некоторых классов регулярных в единичном круге гункций" Mathematical Modelling Analysis, 1(1), p. 42-44
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕШЕНИЯ НА ГРАНИЦЕ МЕНЬШЕЙ РАЗМЕРНОСТИ
Authors: Puriuškis G.
Published: April 2019

„Особенности решения на границе меньшей размерности" Mathematical Modelling Analysis, 1(1), p. 87-89
ON THE USE OF THE CLASSICAL NUMERICAL METHODS FOR DIFFERENTIAL DELAY EQUATIONS
Authors: Meilūnas Mečislovas , Rumšiene Rūta
Published: April 2019

An algorithm for the evaluatinion of discontinuity jumps in the DDE initial value problem is presented. That enables the use of the classical numerical methods for DDE initial value problem.