bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of process parameters on the response of corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-Co-P coating using Box-Behnken Design (BBD)
Authors: Sarkar S , Koley I , Baranwal R K , Mukherjee A , Lamichaney S , Majumdar G
Published: August 2020

Ternary Ni-Co-P alloy coating was chosen to improve the corrosion resistance of the Copper substrate. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) of experiment was utilized for the optimization of the effects of different process parameters such as Cobalt Sulphate, Sodium Hypophosphite, and temperature. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used to study the corrosion resistance behaviour of different samples by altering different parameters. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was done to determine the important process parameters and their significant interactions. The surface morphology, microstructures and elemental compositions of the as-deposited coatings were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) respectively. Finally, 15g/L of Cobalt Sulphate, 25g/L of Sodium Hypophosphite, and 85°C of bath temperature were found out to be the optimum conditions for coating deposition in order obtain a corrosion resistance of 1165 ohm-cm2.
Antioxidant Activity of Nabeez Water from Ajwa Palm Date Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L) as a Favourite Drink of the Prophet Muhammad SAW
Authors: Fibonacci Anita
Published: August 2020

Nabeez water is a kind of infused water from Ajwa palm date fruits that are consumed by Muslim societies in Indonesia especially when Ramadan, unfortunately, its ability to scavenging free radicals have never been studied. The aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant activity of Nabeez water by DPPH methods. Infused water from Ajwapalm date fruitswere made with maceration for 24, 48 and 72 hours with three times replication. The stability contact time result was 60-100 minutes, and maximum wavelengths result was 516 nm.IC50
calculation results showed that at the 24-hour maceration IC50 value was 223.6 ppm, while at 48-hours maceration was 369 ppm, and at 72-hours maceration was 2530 ppm. It can be concluded that the best antioxidant activity achieved at of 24-hour maceration.
The Influence Computer Based Training Utilization of Learning Outcomes of Solid State Electronics Viewed from Different Learning Style
Authors: Suprapto Yuyun , Nuraela Luthfiyah , Masitoh Siti , Nurdyansyah  , Mandarani Vidya
Published: August 2020

Experimental learning method offers more experience and knowledge for learners. This research aims to determine the influence of computer based training utilizzation on learning outcomes of solid state electronics viewed from different learning style. Computer Based Training (CBT) is part of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI), which is learning by using computer aids, such as for presentations as teaching aids and so on. CBT, which refers to Electronics WorkBench (EWB) is a category of software tools that can be used to simulate the workings of an electronic circuit both analog and digital. learning style is the way individuals begin to concentrate on, process, internalize, and remember new and difficult academic information or skill. Using CBT on experimental learning with different learning style could result on different learning outcomes. This research used quantitative approach in quasi-experimental frame. In this research, the compared conditions were the experimental learning method with CBT and analog experimenter and learning style, which were grouped into three, visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning style. The research instrument used were questionnaires and tests, while the data analysis used two ways of ANOVA. The statistical analysis showed that there was difference learning outcomes in Electronica Solid State Subject among experimental learning with CBT and analog experimenter. Furthermore, there was no interaction among the experimental learning with CBT and the learning style in terms of their effect towards learning outcomes.
Computational Analytic of Research Topics on Teacher Performance and Supervision Principal
Authors: Munawaroh Siti , Noor Marzuki , Santoso Handoko , Juhri AM
Published: August 2020

Improving teacher performance is very important in order to improve the quality of education, especially in elementary schools. Teachers are the spearhead in achieving educational goals; the quality of teachers can be seen from their performance. Many factors affect the performance of teachers, among others, academic supervision conducted by the principal to the teacher. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of the Principal’s academic supervision on the performance of teachers in elementary schools throughout the South Lampung Natar District. The study population was elementary school teachers in Natar District, and the data were obtained by using questionnaire and interview methods. Data analysis was performed using simple regression analysis with the help of the SPSS program. The results of the data analysis show that academic supervision by the school principal affects improving teacher performance, obtained an R2 of 0.1, or the contribution of this academic supervision of 1.1% to an increase in teacher performance, other factors influence the rest.
Development Internet Of Things For Smart Factory In PT Wik East Batam
Authors: Ridho Muhammat Rasid , Syastra Muhammad Taufik
Published: August 2020

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) combines a network of machines and devices with increased intelligence and is defined through software. The purpose of this research is to find out how to read sensors in all production machines in a molding department, how to convert and store data from production machines to databases, how to display in web applications and read by all devices for decision making materials and to find out the added value obtained by the molding department with the Internet of Thing. The method used uses the SDLC method: planning, design analysis and implementation. The results of his research that with IoT we can read sensors in all production machines in a molding department, can convert and store data from production machines to a database that will become big data, can display in web applications and read by all devices for decision making materials and can get added value such as interconnection, information transparency and decentralized decisions.
Tukang.com Business Model Re-Design: Smartphone-Based Builder Service Application
Authors: Fadillah A , Hartanto J , Achsani N A , Hasanah N
Published: August 2020

Globalization has now entered a new era where the internet sector has become a strategic focus and development priority throughout the world. The business sector has been using the internet and mobile applications as media transactions, including the construction service sector. One company in the field of construction services that utilize internet technology and mobile applications is Tukang.com. Facing increasingly high competition, Tukang.com must further improve its performance comprehensively. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and improve the performance so that it becomes a comprehensive measure of performance. This study aims to evaluate and measure the performance of Tukang.com comprehensively. The methods used in this paper were the Business Model Canvas (BMC) and Balanced Scorecard (BSC). The BSC method not only measures performance based on financial perspectives but also measures performance based on non-financial perspectives. Analysis of balanced scorecard Tukang.com produces initiatives from four perspectives namely financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process perspective and growth, and learning perspective. Furthermore, the weighting of the Eckenrode method was carried out to weigh the strategic objectives that Tukang.com should prioritize for the development of its company. The improved business model of Tukang.com is the result of the three methods that have previously been conducted and have directly affected the nine business elements in the canvas model.
The Effect of Liquid Bio Fungicides Dosage Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium Wilt Diseases, Growth and Yield of Onion
Authors: Sudantha I M , Suwardji S , Aryana I G P M , Pramadya I M A , Jayadi I
Published: August 2020

The study aimed to determine the effect of liquid bio fungicides dosage Trichoderma spp. Against Fusarium wilt diseases, growth and yield of onion. This study used an experimental method with experiments on field conditions carried out in Sembalun Bumbung Village Sembalun District East Lombok Regency from May to August 2018. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design with liquid bio fungicides Dosage Trichoderma spp. which consists of 9 treatments, namely, 0 ml / plant, 2.5 ml / plant, 5 ml / plant, 7.5 ml / plant, 10 ml / plant, 12.5 ml / plant, 15 ml / plant, 17, 5 ml / plant and 20 ml / plant. Each treatment was repeated three times so that there were 27 experimental units. Experimental parameters included the percentage of disease incidence, plant growth (height and number of plant leaves), and yield of onion (number of tillers and weight of harvested onion). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance at 5% level and Honestly Significant Different Test at 5% level. The results showed that Trichoderma spp. can increase the induced resistance of onion to Fusarium wilt diseases and increase the growth and yield of onion. The conclusion of this experiment is liquid bio fungicides Trichoderma spp. starting with a dose of 5 ml/plant caused the onion plants not infected with Fusarium wilt diseases. Similarly, at the starting dose of 5 ml/plant increase the weight of harvest onion.
Scientific Approach and The Effect on Students Scientific Literacy
Authors: Shofiyah Noly , Afrilia Iftita , Wulandari Fitria Eka
Published: August 2020

The development of scientific literacy skills were the main purpose of science education. The curriculum 2013 has suggested scientific approach as the alternative instruction to foster students’ scientific literacy. This goal of this study was to examine the effect of scientific approach on scientific literacy of students. The data was collected through pre-test and post-test arranged based on three indicators of scientific literacy, namely scientific reasoning, scientific investigation, and problem solving. The tests were administered to 34 students and the results were analyzed using the normalized gain score (N-gain). The findings informed that scientific approach has a medium effect on scientific literacy. In addition, the dominant indicator of scientific literacy was scientific reasoning. This valuable information could be used by the teacher as a reference to develop the students’ scientific literacy through scientific approach.
Development of Moodle-based Content Learning System in MKDK Student Development Subjects at LPTK in Indonesia
Authors: Sriadhi  , Khaerudin  , Wahyuningtyas Neni , Darni  , Zainul Rahadian , Adri Muhammad , Rusdinal  , Nasrun  , Rahmulyani  , Nuranjani  , Nurmaniah  , Wedi Agus , Surahman Ence , Aisyah Eny Nur , Oktaviani Herlina Ike , Meilanie R. Sri Martini , Purnamawati Siti Nuraini , Hapidin  , Listyasari Winda Dewi , Irsyad  , Syafril  , Anisah  , Santoso Yulianto , Muhardi  , Kristanto Andi , Susarno Lamijan Hadi , Kuswandi Dedi , Wardani Ratna , Adnan Evita
Published: August 2020

Learning in the industrial revolution era 4.0 and the Covid 19 pandemic period shifted towards digital and online learning. This research aims to analyze the Basic Educational Course (MKDK) elearning product for Student Development that was developed. The method used is mixed method research, qualitative and quantitative mixture. The development of e-learning products uses the Borg and Gall method, while validity and practicality are carried out by questionnaire analysis to respondents online. The instruments for product development and testing have been declared valid by Expert, both in content, design and IT. Based on data from respondents (n = 40), MKDK e-learning products have a high acceptability (3.84) and are appropriate to use. From the aspect of e-learning that was examined, the material portion or content substance had the highest yield, 4,215. Meanwhile, the evaluation aspect received the lowest score, which was 3,588. Based on this research, it was concluded that e-learning products for subjects with learning and learning subjects could be widely used in the Educational Institution (LPTK) in Indonesia.
Development of Content Learning System in Professional Education Subjects for Educational Institutions in Indonesia
Authors: Adri Muhammad , Rusdinal  , Zainul Rahadian , Darni  , Sriadhi  , Wahyuningtyas Neni , Khaerudin  , Nasrun  , Rahmulyani  , Nuranjani  , Nurmaniah  , Wedi Agus , Surahman Ence , Aisyah Eny Nur , Oktaviani Herlina Ike , Meilanie R. Sri Martini , Purnamawati Siti Nuraini , Hapidin  , Listyasari Winda Dewi , Irsyad  , Syafril  , Anisah  , Santoso Yulianto , Muhardi  , Kristanto Andi , Susarno Lamijan Hadi , Kuswandi Dedi , Wardani Ratna , Adnan Evita
Published: August 2020

Learning in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 has shifted the role of learning teachers to confirm teachers. This research aims to analyze the acceptability of e-learning products in Educational Basic Courses (MKDK) of Education Professions for students at the Educational Institution (LPTK) in Indonesia. In this study conducted by the Borg and Gall development method, and the testing process is carried out online. Analysis of product feasibility using online questionnaires to 40 respondents. The result is an instrument of development declared valid by experts, both in substance material, learning design and information technology (IT). Based on the questionnaire score analysis, e-learning products have a high acceptance score, which is 3.88. This figure means that MKDK e-learning products in the Educational Profession have high feasibility, so they can be implemented for online lectures for LPTK students in Indonesia.
Development of e-Learning Courses for Subjects about ‘Learn and Learning’ with Moodle-based for Prospective Teacher in Indonesia
Authors: Zainul Rahadian , Adri Muhammad , Sriadhi  , Khaerudin  , Wahyuningtyas Neni , Darni  , Rusdinal  , Nasrun  , Rahmulyani  , Nuranjani  , Nurmaniah  , Wedi Agus , Surahman Ence , Aisyah Eny Nur , Oktaviani Herlina Ike , Meilanie R. Sri Martini , Purnamawati Siti Nuraini , Hapidin  , Listyasari Winda Dewi , Irsyad  , Syafril  , Anisah  , Santoso Yulianto , Muhardi  , Kristanto Andi , Susarno Lamijan Hadi , Kuswandi Dedi , Wardani Ratna , Adnan Evita
Published: August 2020

Online learning is the key to the implementation of learning in the Covid 19 pandemic and the New Normal era. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the e-learning course on subjects ‘Learn and Learning’ with Moodle-based for prospective teachers in Indonesia. This research was conducted using the Berg and Gail development method. The development instruments were validated by experts, and further product development was carried out in an integrated and simultaneous manner by the Higher Education Research Consortium Team (KRUPT) from Padang State University, Malang State University, Jakarta State University, Medan State University and Surabaya State University. This product is declared valid by the Expert, both in content, design and IT. Tests were limited during the Covid 19 pandemic and data collection was carried out online. Data collected in the form of an online questionnaire to student respondents (n = 40). Based on respondent questionnaire data, this product was declared to be very suitable for online learning, reaching 3.967 which indicated the highly acceptance level. Based on this research, it was concluded that e-learning products for subjects with learning and learning subjects could be widely used in the Educational Personnel Education Institution in Indonesia.
Textbook Design on Temperature and Thermodynamic Based on Problem Solving Blended Learning Model
Authors: Rohman Agus , Ain Trise Nurul
Published: August 2020

Research has been conducted to determine the validity of the development of textbook based on problem solving-blended learning model. The development method used in this research is refer to the 4D development step of Tiagarajan modified. Validation is conducted by 5 people, they are through the validation expert and appropriate field of study. Validation data was obtained by using a sheet validation then analysed by descriptive qualitative method. There are six components of validated used to validate the textbook, including: 1) design; 2) format; 3) materials (content); 4) language; 5) presentation; and 6) the innovation and quality of learning. The result of validity of textbook based on problem solving-blended learning model is 3.3 with a valid criteria. Therefore, the textbook developed are valid and appropriate to use.
Rice Thresher Machines in Handling System Alley Blow Rice in Post-Harvest
Authors: Adri Junil , Rahim Bulkia , Refdina  , Erizon Nelvi
Published: August 2020

The problem faced by Indonesia in 2017-2018 is the lack of food production which resulted in Indonesia having to import rice from neighboring countries. The low food productivity, especially rice, is due to the large number of shifts from paddy fields to oil palm and others. To boost interest and productivity in the field of rice farming, it is necessary to have innovation and special attention from all parties towards rice farming. In this service activity, the service team innovated the rice thresher machine. This innovation is in the form of adding aisles on the threshing machine. The function of this blowing tunnel is to streamline the threshing process that is able to effectively separate filled and empty rice. The method used in this service is survey and demonstration. The survey method is used to see farmers’ problems in real terms. While the demonstration method is used to introduce technology and innovation to farmers in the process of threshing rice. Problems faced by farmers in the threshing process are a burden both in terms of cost and labor. To overcome this problem, the dedication team made a thresher machine that would be used by the target population in the Sungai Duo area of Sitiung District, Dharmasraya Regency. This activity was enthusiastically welcomed by farmers, especially farmer groups in the Sungai Duo area. Innovation in the threshing process is new and badly needed. With this activity it is hoped that the community will be helped in the process of threshing rice. The rice thresher machine with the blown aisle system is handed over to the kenagarian equipment which will then be managed for community use.
Potential of heavy metal cd, pb in affecting non-organic agricultural land levels
Authors: Widowati Hening , Sutanto Agus , Achyani  , Thresia Fenny , Hendri Nedi
Published: August 2020

Non-organic farming is not environmentally friendly, its management operations involve a lot of material that has the potential as a pollutant and free radicals, can affect the quality of the land of agricultural land. This study examines the presence of Cd, Pb heavy metals which can influence the nutrient levels of agricultural land. The study was conducted using the expose facto method, randomly taking 8 types of soil samples of agricultural land products with 4 replications in the agricultural land of Karangrejo Sub-District, Metro Utara, Metro Lampung City, in April 2019. Furthermore, samples were analyzed for the heavy metal content of Cd, Pb, N, P, K in the hope of knowing the relationship related to the availability of nutrients in agricultural land. Regression analysis and T-test showed that there were differences in the influence of the presence and levels of Cd, Pb metals on N, P, K levels in agricultural land. Heavy metals Cd, Pb contribute to suppressing levels of N, P, K in non-organic agricultural land.
Effect of Method and Duration of Curing on the Compressive Strength of the Lime-Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Adam Andi Arham , Akifa Sri Nur , Siregar Atur P.N. , Mustofa
Published: August 2020

The use of lime to produce ambient cured Geopolymer concrete is one of a practical solution to avoid heat curing in the production of geopolymer concrete. The addition of lime in the geopolymer system will add another hardened mechanism, i.e. hydration in addition to condensation-polymerisation. This research aims to determine the influence of air and water curing on the strength of geopolymer concrete which uses class F fly ash and lime as raw materials. The geopolymer concrete was produced by varying the activator (sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide) with the variation of the activator to binder ratio of 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, and 0.60. Five per cent of the fly ash was replaced by slaked lime and the water added to the mix to maintain the ratio of water to solid (activator + binder) to 0.32. The test specimens were 100 mm dia x 200 mm height cylinder. Water-immersion curing was performed for 7, 14, and 21 days and the compressive strength test was done at 28 days. The results show that there is a difference in the curing process between the geopolymer concrete and the normal concrete. In the geopolymer concrete, there is a decrease in compressive strength if soaked for seven days and recovered with the increase in the age of immersion. Whereas for normal concrete, the compressive strength continues to increase with increasing age of immersion.
Identification of Ground Water Using the Wenner-Sclumberger Configuration Method in Nagari Ranah Pantai Cermin
Authors: Andas Jukepsa , Maiyudi Riko , Yulhendra Dedi
Published: August 2020

In general, groundwater processes are formed because water is absorbed from the surface into rock layers. The capacity of groundwater contained in a rock layer depends on the density, rock age, grain structure and grain size. Equitable distribution and distribution of ground water can be described vertically and horizontally according to the distribution of rock formations capable of storing and carrying water (permeable) or so-called aquifers. Geoelectric estimation basically uses the electrical properties of a rock formation on electric current that is injected in the direction of the earth through two current electrodes at two points on the surface of the earth and then reduces the potential differences that occur at two other points on the earth’s surface. For proper study this study is the Wenner-Schlumberger configuration. Basically, this geoelectric estimation aims to get a picture of the spread of rock layers that can store and carry water (aquifers).
Students’ Verbal Representation Abilities in Solving Geometry Problems
Authors: Septiani Dian , Riyadi  , Triyanto
Published: August 2020

The research aims to identify the verbal representation ability of students in solving geometry problems. This method uses descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study were 10 students of 8th grade at Islamic Junior High School 2 Sragen. The data were obtained through a test of mathematical representation abilities and interviews. The validity of the data in this study uses the triangulation method. This data analysis shows that 20% of students have high verbal representation ability, 30% of students have medium verbal representation ability, and 50% of students have low verbal representation ability. The results show that most students have low verbal representation ability. Students are still having trouble writing steps to solve problems using words. It is because students are not accustomed to communicating their ideas with written or verbal words.
The Effect of Katuk Leaf (Sauropusandrogynus L. Merr.) Biscuit Consumption toward Increasing Breastmilk Volume on the 10th Day
Authors: Handayani S , Setyawati I , Ariendha D S R , Pratiwi Y S , Idyawati S , Fatmawati N
Published: August 2020

The research aimed to analyze the effect of katuk leaf biscuit consumption toward increasing breastmilk volume on the 10th day. The research subjects are postpartum mother and baby on the first day at the health center of Bandung city. The research was RCT post-test only control group design with a double-blind approach with sample consisted of n1=n2=50 respondents. First treatment group were given the katuk leaf biscuit and the control group were biscuit not katuk leaf, for 9th days. Data were collected and analyzed by the Mann Whitney test. The result of the research shown the significant effect of katuk leaf biscuits towards increasing breastmilk volume on the 10th day of postpartum with a high percentage of 79,6%. The result from counting Number Needed to Treat (NNT) breastmilk volume gained NNT =3. The increased of breastmilk volume caused by katuk leaf were contained fitosterol and papaverin that can increase the prolactin and oxytocin hormone. It is also containing nutrition as the material for breastmilk production. The conclusion of the research there was a significant effect of katuk leaf biscuit consumption towards increasing breastmilk production volume. So that the biscuit can be used as a supplement to increase the breastmilk volume.
Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry–Based α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) Testing
Authors: Murray Josiah D , Willrich Maria A , Krowka Michael J , Bobr Aleh , Murray David L , Halling Kevin C , Graham Rondell P , Snyder Melissa R
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Failure to produce sufficient quantities of functional α1-antitrypsin (AAT) can result in AAT deficiency (AATD) and significant comorbidities. Laboratory testing plays a vital role in AATD, with diagnosis requiring documentation of both a low AAT level and a mutated allele. This retrospective evaluation examines the efficacy of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (proteotyping)–based algorithm for AATD detection.

Methods

A 16-month retrospective data analysis was performed on two cohorts: 5,474 samples tested with the proteotype-based algorithm and 16,147 samples directly tested by isoelectric focusing (IEF) phenotyping.

Results

LC-MS/MS reduced the rate of IEF testing by 97%. The 3% of cases reflexed to IEF resulted in 12 (0.2%) additional phenotype findings. Retrospectively applying the proteotype-based algorithm to the IEF cohort demonstrated a 99.9% sensitivity for the detection of deficiency-associated phenotypes. Most deficiency phenotypes missed by the proteotyping algorithm would come from heterozygous patients with an F, I, or P paired to an S or Z. In all of these cases, patient AAT levels were greater than 70 mg/dL, above the threshold for AAT augmentation therapy.

Conclusions

The proteotype algorithm is a sensitive and cost-effective approach for the diagnosis of clinical AAT deficiency.
The BODY-Q Chest Module: Further Validation in a Canadian Chest Masculinization Surgery Sample
Authors: Klassen Anne F , McEvenue Giancarlo , Wang Yi , Rae Charlene , Kaur Manraj , Johnson Natasha , Savard Kinusan , Semple John , Pusic Andrea
Published: August 2020

Background

The BODY-Q Chest module is a patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument that measures satisfaction with how the chest (10 items) and nipples (5 items) look. This PRO instrument was previously field tested in an international sample of people seeking treatment for gynecomastia (n = 174), weight loss (n = 224), and chest masculinization (n = 341).

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric performance of the BODY-Q Chest module in a new chest masculinization surgery sample.

Methods

Data were collected from patients attending a private plastic surgery outpatient clinic in Canada between January 2018 and June 2019. Rasch measurement theory analysis was used to examine how the scales performed psychometrically.

Results

The sample provided 266 assessments (115 preoperative, 151 postoperative). All items had ordered thresholds, providing evidence that the 4 response options for each scale worked as expected. Item fit was within ±2.5 for all items, with all Bonferroni adjusted chi-square values nonsignificant. The data for the chest (χ2(20) = 18.72, P = 0.54) and nipples (χ 2(10) = 12.28, P = 0.27) scales fit the requirements of the Rasch model. Reliability was high with person separation index and Cronbach’s α values of ≥0.95 for the chest and ≥0.87 for the nipple scales, respectively. More depressive symptoms on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and lower health-related quality of life scales were weakly correlated with worse scores on the chest and nipple scales (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The BODY-Q Chest module was shown to be scientifically sound in an independent sample of patients seeking chest masculinization surgery.
Defining a Preauricular Safe Zone: A Cadaveric Study of the Frontotemporal Branch of the Facial Nerve
Authors: Kucukguven Arda , Ulkir Mehmet , Bilgic Kucukguven Meric , Demiryurek Mehmet Deniz , Vargel Ibrahim
Published: August 2020

Background

In the preauricular region, the frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve is vulnerable to injury, which can result in facial palsy and poor cosmesis after surgical interventions.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to describe variations in the branching patterns of the frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve and the relation between this branch and the surrounding anatomic landmarks. Based on our findings, we propose a Danger Zone and Safe Zones for preauricular interventions to avoid frontal branch injury.

Methods

Twenty cadaveric half-heads, 10 freshly frozen and 10 embalmed, were dissected. The anatomy of the auriculotemporal nerve, facial nerve, and variations of its branching pattern in the preauricular region were investigated.

Results

The mean [standard deviation] number of frontotemporal branches crossing the zygomatic arch was 2.05 [0.6]. Beginning from the X point at the apex of the intertragal notch, frontal branches ran over the zygomatic arch at a distance extending from 10 to 31 mm anterior to the tragus, which can be defined as the Danger Zone for frontal branches. Safe Zones A and B are triangular regions located behind and in front of the Danger Zone, respectively.

Conclusions

Mapping of these Safety and Danger Zones is a reliable and simple approach in preauricular interventions to avoid frontal branch injury because the facial nerve typically has multiple frontal branches. This approach provides practical information for surgeons rather than estimating the trajectory of a single frontal branch from Pitanuy's line.
Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) use color patterning, but not the colors themselves, as a cue to eject interspecific parasitic eggs
Authors: Butler Michael W , Stine Maya E , Ki Kwanho C
Published: August 2020

Brood parasitism results in substantial costs to hosts, yet not all species eject foreign eggs. Because the costs of mistakenly ejecting one’s own eggs are high, selection may favor ejection behavior only if it is unlikely a host will incorrectly eject her own eggs. Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) are currently subject to relatively low levels of interspecific brood parasitism but still sometimes eject parasitic eggs. Therefore, we tested which visual cues they use to eject foreign eggs with the prediction that only the most dissimilar eggs would be ejected, reducing the likelihood of a female making a mistake. House Sparrows (Passer domesticus), which occasionally parasitize bluebirds, lay eggs that have an off-white ground color with brown speckling. Therefore, to test which colors or patterns allow for discrimination of parasitic eggs, we generated 3-dimensional (3D)-printed model House Sparrow eggs and painted them entirely off-white, entirely brown, half off-white and half brown, or off-white with brown speckling. We then sequentially placed these 4 different model eggs in the nests of Eastern Bluebirds, with each nest receiving all treatments over the course of 4 days. After watching females enter and leave the nest box just one time after placement of the model egg, we found that speckled eggs were ejected half the time (7 of 14 nests), while no other treatment was ejected more than 3 times. Thus, Eastern Bluebird females eject eggs based primarily on color patterning (i.e. a speckled pattern) rather than coloration per se, and that they can do so quickly, as the average female had removed the model egg within 6 min of entering the nest. Because Eastern Bluebirds do not lay speckled eggs, but some brood parasites do (e.g., House Sparrows, Brown-headed Cowbirds [Molothrus ater]), selection may specifically favor ejection of eggs with a speckled pattern, not just eggs that have within-egg color contrasts.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis: An Evolving Therapy
Authors: Sood Ajit , Singh Arshdeep , Midha Vandana , Mahajan Ramit , Kao Dina , Rubin David T , Bernstein Charles N
Published: August 2020

Background

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is currently an approved treatment for recurrent and refractory Clostridioides difficile infection. However, its use in ulcerative colitis is at an early stage and significant gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms and logistics of its practical application.

Methods and results

This article aims to look into specific issues which remain unsettled for use of FMT in ulcerative colitis including donor and recipient selection, route of administration, and duration of therapy. We also discuss optimal ways to assess response to FMT and the current state of FMT regulations. In addition, we postulate the impact of diet on the microbiome profile of the donor and recipient. We also suggest a change in the nomenclature from FMT to fecal microbiome transfer.

Conclusion

FMT is an evolving therapy. There are several considerations for its use in UC but its use and role should be directed by further clinical trials.
What is the Price of Tea in China? Goods Prices and Availability in Chinese Cities
Authors: Feenstra Robert C , Xu Mingzhi , Antoniades Alexis
Published: August 2020

We examine the price and variety of a sample of consumer goods at the barcode level in cities within China. Unlike the position in the United States, in China the prices of goods tend to be lower in larger cities. We explain that difference between the countries by the more uneven spatial distribution of manufacturers’ sales and retailers in China, and we confirm the pro-competitive effect of city size on reducing markups there. In both countries, there is a greater variety of goods in larger cities, but that effect is more pronounced in China. Combining the lower prices and greater variety, the price indexes in China for the goods we study fall with city size by around seven times more than in the United States.
Provisional Application of Treaties: The EU’s Contribution to the Development of International Law
Authors: Chamon Merijn
Published: August 2020

Provisional application has become a quasi-automatic corollary to the signature of mixed bilateral European Union (EU) agreements. Resort to provisional application is thereby informed by a rationale hitherto unknown in international law: it allows federal polities where the federal level does not have exclusive treaty making powers to develop an effective external action that is not hindered by that polity’s complex internal division of competences. This article argues that the EU has also developed a rather consistent practice in relation to provisional application. The EU thereby distinguishes between its treaty partners whereby some of them simply agree that the EU unilaterally determines the scope of provisional application. Because of the reference to the EU’s internal division of competence, the internal law of the parties, something that is typically not relevant under international law, acquires legal significance. The EU’s practice is found to be largely in line with the Draft Guidelines on Provisional Application that are being elaborated by the International Law Commission, although clearly it is also more refined on some points. Lastly, the article identifies one pressing issue which requires clarification, and which is not properly addressed in the Draft Guidelines. That is the question on the fate of the provisional application by the EU of part of a mixed agreement where one individual EU member state has decided not to ratify that agreement.
Arrhythmia exacerbation after post-infarction ventricular tachycardia ablation: prevalence and prognostic significance
Authors: Siontis Konstantinos C , Kim Hyungjin M , Vergara Pasquale , Peretto Giovanni , Do Duc H , de Riva Marta , Lam Anna , Qian Pierre , Yokokawa Miki , Jongnarangsin Krit , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Jais Pierre , Sacher Fred , Tedrow Usha , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Zeppenfeld Katja , Della Bella Paolo , Stevenson William G , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank M
Published: August 2020

Aims 

Catheter ablation is an effective treatment for post-infarction ventricular tachycardia (VT). However, some patients may experience a worsened arrhythmia phenotype after ablation. We aimed to determine the prevalence and prognostic impact of arrhythmia exacerbation (AE) after post-infarction VT ablation.

Methods and results 

A total of 1187 consecutive patients (93% men, median age 68 years, median ejection fraction 30%) who underwent post-infarction VT ablation at six centres were included. Arrhythmia exacerbation was defined as post-ablation VT storm or incessant VT in patients without prior similar events. During follow-up (median 717 days), 426 (36%) patients experienced VT recurrence. Events qualifying as AE occurred in 67 patients (6%). Median times to VT recurrence with and without AE were 238 [interquartile range (IQR) 35–640] days and 135 (IQR 22–521) days, respectively (P = 0.25). Almost half of the patients (46%) who experienced AE experienced it within 6 months of the index procedure. Patients with AE had had longer ablation times during the ablation procedures compared to the rest of the patients (median 42 vs. 34 min, P = 0.02). Among patients with VT recurrence, the risk of death or heart transplantation was significantly higher in patients with than without AE (hazard ratio 1.99, 95% CI 1.28–3.10; P = 0.002) after adjusting for age, gender, ejection fraction, cardiac resynchronization therapy, post-ablation non-inducibility, and post-ablation amiodarone use.

Conclusion 

Arrhythmia exacerbation after ablation of infarct-related VT is infrequent but is independently associated with an adverse long-term outcome among patients who experience a VT recurrence. The mechanisms and mitigation strategies of AE after catheter ablation require further investigation.
Mediterranean Sea bacteria as a potential source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Romano Roberta , Raddadi Noura , Fava Fabio
Published: August 2020

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), including EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are important nutritional ingredients in fish feed. So far, fish oil has been used as a main source of LC-PUFAs; however, the limited global supply of fish oil is not able to meet the demand of the growing aquaculture sector. Hence, sustainability of aquaculture industry could be supported by searching alternative sources of these compounds. Marine microorganisms represent a sustainable and stable supply source of LC-PUFAs. A collection of 209 bacterial isolates obtained from sediment samples recovered in the Mediterranean Sea was screened in order to select new LC-PUFAs producers. Among 95 putative producers selected based on colourimetric screening, 31 quickly growing were selected for further studies. The detection of LC-PUFAs was confirmed from 15 isolates belonging to the genera Marinobacter, Halomonas and Thalassospira by GC-FID analysis. Among them, the isolate Marinobacter sp. G16.20 was found to be a potentially high LC-PUFA producer exhibiting relatively high levels of DHA in particular (maximum productivity of 1.85 ± 0.371 mg/g, representing 45.89% of the total fatty acids detected and identified). Microorganisms belonging to the genera reported in this study showed biotechnological traits interesting for their potential future application in aquaculture.
The origins of Ethiopia's primary health care expansion: The politics of state building and health system strengthening
Authors: Croke Kevin
Published: August 2020

Ethiopia’s expansion of primary health care over the past 15 years has been hailed as a model in sub-Saharan Africa. A leader closely associated with the programme, Tedros Adhanom Gebreyesus, is now Director-General of the World Health Organization, and the global movement for expansion of primary health care often cites Ethiopia as a model. Starting in 2004, over 30 000 Health Extension Workers were trained and deployed in Ethiopia and over 2500 health centres and 15 000 village-level health posts were constructed. Ethiopia’s reforms are widely attributed to strong leadership and ‘political will’, but underlying factors that enabled adoption of these policies and implementation at scale are rarely analysed. This article uses a political economy lens to identify factors that enabled Ethiopia to surmount the challenges that have caused the failure of similar primary health programmes in other developing countries. The decision to focus on primary health care was rooted in the ruling party’s political strategy of prioritizing rural interests, which had enabled them to govern territory successfully as an insurgency. This wartime rural governance strategy included a primary healthcare programme, providing a model for the later national programme. After taking power, the ruling party created a centralized coalition of regional parties and prioritized extending state and party structures into rural areas. After a party split in 2001, Prime Minister Meles Zenawi consolidated power and implemented a ‘developmental state’ strategy. In the health sector, this included appointment of a series of dynamic Ministers of Health and the mobilization of significant resources for primary health care from donors. The ruling party’s ideology also emphasized mass participation in development activities, which became a central feature of health programmes. Attempts to translate this model to different circumstances should consider the distinctive features of the Ethiopian case, including both the benefits and costs of these strategies.
Late complications of the Djumbodis system in patients with type A acute aortic dissection
Authors: Vendramin Igor , Piani Daniela , Lechiancole Andrea , Sponga Sandro , Sponza Massimo , Puppato Michela , Bortolotti Uberto , Livi Ugolino
Published: August 2020

The Djumbodis system is a metallic stent designed to prevent false lumen dilatation after repair of acute aortic dissection. Although the exact number of Djumbodis stents inserted worldwide could not be ascertained from a review of the literature, available data indicate 9 specific device-related complications from 4 patient series and 3 case reports: stent deformity or fracture (4), progressive enlargement of the distal false lumen (3) and distal pseudoaneurysm (1); a further patient with pseudoaneurysm of the distal suture line is added from personal observation. The present review confirms the inability of the Djumbodis stent to provide reduction and/or elimination of the false lumen after repair of type A dissection, highlighting peculiar device-related complications. Current survivors with a Djumbodis stent should undergo close follow-up to prevent possible catastrophic events due to device failure.
Surgery out of office hours for type A aortic dissection: does night-time and weekend surgery worsen outcome?
Authors: Gasser Simone , Stastny Lukas , Kofler Markus , Zujs Vitalijs , Krapf Christoph , Semsroth Severin , Ströhle Mathias , Grimm Michael , Dumfarth Julia
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVES

Immediate surgical repair for type A aortic dissection is gold standard and at most centres is performed by the surgeon on call during night-time and weekends. The objective was to evaluate whether emergency surgery during night-time or weekends has an influence on 30-day mortality.

METHODS

In 319 patients undergoing surgery for type A aortic dissection, skin incision was documented. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the time point of skin incision (05:00 a.m. to 07:00 p.m. = daytime group; 07:01 p.m. to 04:59 a.m. = night-time group). We also noted whether their surgeries were started on weekdays (Monday 00:00 to Friday 23:59) or weekends (Saturday 00:00 to Sunday 23:59).

RESULTS

The median age was 61 years (interquartile range 49–70) and 69.6% (n = 222) were male. Almost 50% (n = 149) of patients presented in a critical preoperative state. Forty-one percent of patients (n = 131) underwent night-time surgery. There were no differences in baseline data, time from onset of symptoms to surgery or surgical treatment between groups, except from preferred femoral access for arterial cannulation during night-time. Advanced age [odds ratio 1.042, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.014–1.070], preoperative malperfusion syndrome (odds ratio 2.542, 95% CI 1.279–5.051) and preoperative tamponade (odds ratio 2.562, 95% CI 1.215–5.404) emerged as risk factors for 30-day mortality. Night-time or weekend surgery did not have any impact on 30-day mortality when covariates were considered.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the natural course of the disease and our results, surgery for type A aortic dissection should be performed as an emergency surgery regardless of time and day.
Comparative investigation of performance of gas dryer and two other types of domestic clothes dryers
Authors: Huang Xiao-Mei , Xiong Lian-Sen , Zheng Yan-Wen , Liu Hui-Qing , Xu Yi-Zhen , Li Yong-Cai
Published: August 2020

The moisture extraction rate (MER) and energy efficiency of domestic gas clothes dryers, heat-pump clothes dryers and electric clothes dryers were assessed. The assessment was performed with regard to five indices: the MER, specific MER, specific thermal energy consumption for dehumidification (mSPC), energy efficiency (ηt) and primary energy efficiency (η1). The effects of the dry mass of clothes (mBD) and the ambient temperature on the performance of the clothes dryers were evaluated. The experiments were divided into two parts. In the first part, the ambient temperature was 20°C, and mBD was set as 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 6 kg. In the second part, mBD was 3.5 kg, and the performance of the dryers was tested at ambient temperatures of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15 and 20°C. The experimental results indicated that the gas dryer had the highest MER the heat-pump dryer had the best performance with regard to energy conservation and all three types of dryers had a higher MER and energy efficiency when the ambient temperature increased. The performance of the gas dryer was lower than that of heat-pump dryer when the temperature was 20°C. But when the temperature was < 9.5°C, the primary energy efficiency of the gas dryer was higher than that of the heat-pump dryer.