bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Response to OROS‐Methylphenidate Treatment Moderated by Treatment with Antidepressants or Psychiatric Comorbidity? A Secondary Analysis from a Large Randomized Double Blind Study of Adults with ADHD
Authors: Biederman Joseph , Mick Eric , Spencer Thomas , Surman Craig , Faraone Stephen V.
Published: August 2011

Aims: The main aim of this post hoc analysis was to evaluate whether response to osmotic release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate (OROS‐MPH) was moderated by the concomitant use of antidepressants in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) adults stabilized on these medicines for the treatment of depression or anxiety disorders, or a history of mood, anxiety, or substance use disorders. Methods: Two hundred and ninety‐six subjects were screened for participation; 227 were randomized (112 to OROS‐MPH and 115 to placebo), and 223 were analyzed (N= 109 and N= 114 for OROS‐MPH and placebo, respectively). Subjects with anxiety disorders and depression treated with a stable medication regimen of non‐MAOI antidepressants or benzodiazepines for at least 3 months could be enrolled in the study. Subjects currently receiving pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders or depression were required to have Hamilton‐Depression and Hamilton‐Anxiety rating scales below 15 (mild range). Results: Concomitant antidepressant use at baseline was not associated with ADHD response, OROS‐MPH dose, study completion rate, adverse effects, or exacerbation of anxiety/depression. We did find nominally significant evidence that a lifetime history of mood (P= 0.09) or anxiety (P= 0.04) disorders was a moderator of ADHD symptoms and that a lifetime history of substance use disorder (P= 0.02) was a potential moderator of dose at endpoint. Discussion and Conclusions: We found few moderating effects in this large clinical trial of OROS‐MPH in adults with ADHD, which supports the robustness of the clinical response to OROS‐MPH in adult ADHD despite variable clinical pictures.
Role of receptors of advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) in type 2 diabetic and non‐diabetic individuals with chronic periodontal disease: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Rajeev Karattuparambath , Karthika Rajeev , Mythili Ramachandran , Krishnan Viswanathan , Nirmal Madhavan
Published: August 2011

Aim:  The relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is well established. It has been shown that advanced glycation end‐products might exert noxious effects on several tissues of the body through its receptor. Evidence for the role of receptors of advanced glycation end‐products in periodontal disease for diabetes is limited, and their presence in human gingival tissues has been demonstrated in few studies. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of receptors of advanced glycation end‐products in patients with chronic periodontitis, with and without type 2 diabetes.

Methods:  Gingival biopsies from 19 patients with both type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis, and 18 healthy controls with chronic periodontitis, were immunohistochemically stained for receptors of advanced glycation end‐products.

Results:  On immunohistochemical analysis, positive staining for receptors of advanced glycation end‐products was seen in the endothelium and the basal and spinous layers of the inflamed gingival epithelium in both type 2 diabetes and non‐diabetes tissue, with a statistically‐significant difference between both groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:  There was a significant difference in receptors of advanced glycation end‐product immune reactivity between both groups. Receptors of advanced glycation end‐product increase in type 2 diabetes gingival tissue might indicate possible involvement of this receptor in periodontal destruction in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Investigation of the incidence of stylohyoid ligament calcifications with panoramic radiographs
Authors: Öztaş Bengi , Orhan Kaan
Published: August 2011

Aim:  This study examined and classified patients who were treated at the Faculty of Dentistry at Ankara University Dentistry to determine the incidence of different types of stylohyoid ligament calcification (SLC) using panoramic radiographs. In addition, it also assessed the possible causative symptoms and Eagle’s syndrome in cases of styloid process elongation.

Methods:  The study consisted of 2000 patients (1161 females and 839 males), aged 3–88 years, who were treated at our clinic. The panoramic radiographs were evaluated as part of this study.

Results:  Panoramic radiography examination revealed SLC in 1350 patients. Both‐sided (right and left), type 1 SLC was observed in 345 patients, while types 2–4 were found in 203, 418, and 384 patients, respectively.

Conclusion:  The incidence of SLC was found to be higher in female patients when compared to male patients. In addition, calcifications were seen more often at age 50–59 years, and the incidence of calcification was found to increase with age. Two Eagle’s syndrome cases were diagnosed among a total of 2000 patients. Finally, it was determined that the incidence of calcified stylohyoid ligament is higher in patients with systemic diseases.
Persistent endometrial cups in the same mare in two successive pregnancies
Authors: Allen W. R. , Wilsher S.
Published: August 2011

We report upon an ageing Thoroughbred mare which showed remarkably similar and abnormally prolonged profiles of equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin (eCG) in her bloodstream during successive pregnancies sired by the same stallion. The first pregnancy was aborted at Day 75 after ovulation in conjunction with a precipitous decline in eCG concentrations which occurred immediately after the peak level had been reached. The second pregnancy, which proceeded safely to term, also involved a similar sharp fall in eCG concentrations after attainment of the peak values. Possible causes of the extended lifespan of the eCG‐secreting endometrial cups in this animal are discussed.
Equine amnionitis and fetal loss: Mare abortion following experimental exposure to Processionary caterpillars (Ochrogaster lunifer)
Authors: CAWDELL‐SMITH A. J. , TODHUNTER K. H. , ANDERSON S. T. , PERKINS N. R. , BRYDEN W. L.
Published: August 2011

Reasons for performing study: In Australia, there have been recent reports of unusual abortions in mid‐ to late‐gestation mares. These were clinically distinct from other recognised causes of pregnancy loss and the term ‘equine amnionitis and fetal loss’ (EAFL) was adopted to describe this syndrome. Initial investigations concluded that possible causal factors included the presence on affected stud farms of Processionary caterpillars (Ochrogaster lunifer).

Objectives: To determine if exposure of pregnant mares to Processionary caterpillars or their shed exoskeletons can induce EAFL.

Methods: Processionary caterpillars and their shed exoskeletons were collected and stored frozen. Mid‐gestation mares were dosed with a slurry of caterpillars or shed exoskeleton by nasogastric intubation. Their clinical responses and times to abortion were recorded. All aborted fetuses were autopsied and samples taken for bacteriological and virological culture and histopathology.

Results: Intubating mares in mid‐pregnancy with preparations of either whole Processionary caterpillars or shed caterpillar exoskeletons induced abortion with few impending clinical signs. The gross pathological and bacteriological findings of the aborted fetuses were similar to those observed in field cases of EAFL.

Potential relevance: Possible exposure to Processionary caterpillars should be considered when examining cases of fetal loss in the mare. The present results provide a starting point to further explore the aetiology and pathogenesis of EAFL.
Body image, shape, and volumetric assessments using 3D whole body laser scanning and 2D digital photography in females with a diagnosed eating disorder: Preliminary novel findings
Authors: Stewart Arthur D. , Klein Susan , Young Julie , Simpson Susan , Lee Amanda J. , Harrild Kirstin , Crockett Philip , Benson Philip J.
Published: August 2011

We piloted three‐dimensional (3D) body scanning in eating disorder (ED) patients. Assessments of 22 ED patients (including nine Anorexia Nervosa (AN) patients, 12 Bulimia Nervosa (BN) patients, and one patient with Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified) and 22 matched controls are presented. Volunteers underwent visual screening, two‐dimensional (2D) digital photography to assess perception and dissatisfaction (via computerized image distortion), and adjunctive 3D full‐body scanning. Patients and controls perceived themselves as bigger than their true shape (except in the chest region for controls and anorexia patients). All participants wished to be smaller across all body regions. Patients had poorer veridical perception and greater dissatisfaction than controls. Perception was generally poorer and dissatisfaction greater in bulimia compared with anorexia patients. 3D‐volume:2D‐area relationships showed that anorexia cases had least tissue on the torso and most on the arms and legs relative to frontal area. The engagement of patients with the scanning process suggests a validation study is viable. This would enable mental constructs of body image to be aligned with segmental volume of body areas, overcoming limitations, and errors associated with 2D instruments restricted to frontal (coronal) shapes. These novel data could inform the design of clinical trials in adjunctive treatments for eating disorders.
Anxiety, alcohol use, and aggression: Untangling the causal pathways
Authors: Durrant Russil
Published: August 2011

Given the enormous social and economic costs of alcohol‐related violence, understanding the causal processes that give rise to the relationship between alcohol and violence is of paramount importance. McMurran provides a valuable contribution to this literature by offering a conceptually coherent, empirically grounded, and plausible model of the relationship between anxiety, alcohol intoxication, and aggression (McMurran, 2011, pp. 357–371). In this commentary, I first look more narrowly at the proposed causal relationships that link anxiety problems with aggression via alcohol use, suggesting that although they are largely consistent with McMurran's thesis there may be scope to build yet more complexity into the model. In the second part of the commentary, I consider the nature of both anxiety and aggression within the broader framework of our evolutionary history and argue that considering the adaptive functions of anxiety and aggression may contribute to our understanding of the proposed links with alcohol use. In particular, I highlight the potential value of disaggregating the links between anxiety, alcohol use, and aggression by gender, and type of violence.
First Order Controller for Time Delay System
Authors: Laabidi Kaouther , Farkh Rihem , Ksouri Mekki
Published: August 2011

In this paper, we consider the control of time delay system by first order controller. By Using the Hermite-Biehler theorem, which is applicable to quasipolynomials, we seek a stability region of the controller for first order delay systems.
Automotive Three-Way Catalyst Diagnostics with Experimental Results
Authors: Dawson Brandon M. , Franchek Matthew A. , Grigoriadis Karolos , McCabe Robert W. , Uhrich Mike , Smith Steve
Published: August 2011

Presented is the model based diagnostics of a three-way catalyst (TWC). The proposed TWC model relates measurable engine inputs (engine air mass (AM) and catalyst temperature) to a metric that quantifies TWC oxygen storage capacity. The TWC model structure is based on the dynamics of the TWC and identified using orthogonal least squares (OLS). The model coefficients are estimated using an instrumental variables four step (IV4) approach. TWC diagnostics is realized by means of an information synthesis (IS) technique where changes in the adapted TWC model coefficients are utilized to estimate TWC health. The approach is experimentally validated on a federal test procedure (FTP) drive cycle for healthy (full useful life, FUL) and failed (threshold) TWCs. The results will show that a 100% accurate classification in TWC health estimation (FUL or threshold) is produced for the catalysts tested.
State Uncertainty Propagation in the Presence of Parametric
Uncertainty and Additive White Noise
Authors: Konda Umamaheswara , Singla Puneet , Singh Tarunraj , Scott Peter D.
Published: August 2011

The focus of this work is on the development of a framework permitting the unification of generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) with the linear moment propagation equations, to accurately characterize the state distribution for linear systems subject to initial condition uncertainty, Gaussian white noise excitation and parametric uncertainty which is not required to be Gaussian. For a fixed value of parameters, an ensemble of moment propagation equations characterize the distribution of the state vector resulting from Gaussian initial conditions and stochastic forcing, which is modeled as Gaussian white noise. These moment equations exploit the gPC approach to describe the propagation of a combination of uncertainties in model parameters, initial conditions and forcing terms. Sampling the uncertain parameters according to the gPC approach, and integrating via quadrature, the distribution for the state vector can be obtained. Similarly, for a fixed realization of the stochastic forcing process, the gPC approach provides an output distribution resulting from parametric uncertainty. This approach can be further combined with moment propagation equations to describe the propagation of the state distribution, which encapsulates uncertainties in model parameters, initial conditions and forcing terms. The proposed techniques are illustrated on two benchmark problems to demonstrate the techniques’ potential in characterizing the non-Gaussian distribution of the state vector.
Radiation Boundary Conditions for Computational Fluid Dynamics Models of High-Temperature Cavity Receivers
Authors: Khalsa Siri Sahib S. , Ho Clifford K.
Published: August 2011

Rigorous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes can accurately simulate complex coupled processes within an arbitrary geometry. CFD can thus be a cost-effective and time-efficient method of guiding receiver design and testing for concentrating solar power technologies. However, it can be computationally prohibitive to include a large multifaceted dish concentrator or a field of hundreds or thousands of heliostats in the model domain. This paper presents a method to allow the CFD code to focus on a cavity receiver domain alone, by rigorously transforming radiance distributions calculated on the receiver aperture into radiance boundary conditions for the CFD simulations. This method allows the incoming radiation to interact with participating media such as falling solid particles in a high-temperature cavity receiver. The radiance boundary conditions of the CFD model can take into consideration complex beam features caused by sun shape, limb darkening, slope errors, heliostat facet shape, multiple heliostats, off-axis aberrations, atmospheric effects, blocking, shading, and multiple focal points. This paper also details implementation examples in ansys fluent for a heliostat field and a dish concentrator, which are validated by comparison to results from delsol and the ray-tracing code asap, respectively.
Adjoint Analysis of Guided Projectile Terminal Phase
Authors: Sailaranta Timo , Siltavuori Ari
Published: August 2011

Guided projectile terminal phase against target at ground level is investigated using an adjoint simulation. A pseudo-optimal projectile navigation gain is looked for against a target disturbing the projectile guidance. The use of counter-measures is “modeled” as a suddenly detected target abrupt motion during the guidance terminal phase. The miss distances obtained are studied and the projectile optimal navigation gain is chosen based on the maximum tolerated miss distance.
Simulation of Contamination Prevention for Optical Window in Laser Ignition Systems of Large-Caliber Guns
Authors: Ma Changjun , Zhang Xiaobing
Published: August 2011

In laser ignition systems, to ignite the propellant, the laser has to be transmitted into chamber through an optical window. If the optical window is destroyed by high pressure or high temperature or contaminated by the black powder residue, the ignition system will fail in further firings. The sapphire window can withstand the high pressure and high temperature of the ballistic cycle, but it is necessary to keep the window clean for the laser to transmit repeatedly. In modular charge systems or fully combustible cartridge cases, there is no place to put a shield window as in ammunition with stub base; thus a new contamination prevention method is put forward. In this method, the hydrodynamic force is used to divert the gas flow in a cavity located in the breech to avoid contact with the optical window and prevent it from being contaminated. To verify the effectiveness of this structure, a three-dimensional unsteady discrete phase model (DPM) coupled with an interior ballistic process was established. The simulation results indicated that the flow jet from the direct orifice was diverted, and particle debris did not contaminate the optical window due to the hydrodynamic force. Various factors influencing the contamination prevention effect were discussed, and the structure parameters were optimized.
Research for a Projectile Positioning Structure for Stacked Projectile Weapons
Authors: Luo Qiao , Zhang Xiaobing
Published: August 2011

One of the key technologies of stacked projectile weapons is projectile positioning. However, the present projectile positioning structures have their respective advantages and shortcomings. A new structure based on the self-locking principle is put forward in this paper and verified as feasible by static analysis if the proper material and structural parameters are chosen. In order to check the strength and verify the feasibility of the structure under launch conditions, the multibody contact finite element model of the structure is established, coupled with dynamic load in the interior ballistic cycle. According to simulations and analysis, the projectile positioning structure is feasible and the strength of the projectile can meet the strength requirement for launch conditions. For different maximum static friction coefficients, simulations show that an increase in the maximum static friction coefficient between the contact surfaces of the positioning ring and barrel improves the positioning performance, but an increase in the maximum static friction coefficient between the contact surfaces of the positioning ring and projectile worsens. On the basis of great computation, it is found that an increase in the upper thickness and height of the positioning ring improves the positioning performance, but an increase in the lower thickness worsens the positioning performance. Further, a lower thickness affects the positioning performance more greatly. As a result, the positioning ring will be thin and light to improve the positioning performance. Compared with other positioning structures, the new structure has little influence on the ballistic performance and is a good application prospect.
Control of Local Protein Synthesis and Initial Events in Myelination by Action Potentials
Authors: Wake Hiroaki , Lee Philip R. , Fields R. Douglas
Published: August 2011

Axons signal through both glutamate and adenosine triphosphate release to regulate their insulating wraps.
Vacuum-Induced Transparency
Authors: Tanji-Suzuki Haruka , Chen Wenlan , Landig Renate , Simon Jonathan , Vuletić Vladan
Published: August 2011

The transmission of light through an atomic gas can be controlled by manipulating the confining cavity.
Tet-Mediated Formation of 5-Carboxylcytosine and Its Excision by TDG in Mammalian DNA
Authors: He Yu-Fei , Li Bin-Zhong , Li Zheng , Liu Peng , Wang Yang , Tang Qingyu , Ding Jianping , Jia Yingying , Chen Zhangcheng , Li Lin , Sun Yan , Li Xiuxue , Dai Qing , Song Chun-Xiao , Zhang Kangling , He Chuan , Xu Guo-Liang
Published: August 2011

Evidence for a possible route for DNA demethylation in animals is suggested.
Digestive performance in neonatal Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus helleri)
Authors: LaBonte J.P. , Welch K.C. , Suarez R.K.
Published: August 2011

Despite significant research on the metabolic characteristics of digestion in adult snakes, the digestive performance of neonatal snakes is poorly characterized. We examined the energetic costs associated with digestion and the energetic profit derived from the first meal eaten by neonatal Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes ( Crotalus oreganus helleri Meek, 1905). Composition of venom of C. o. helleri changes through ontogeny, becoming richer in proteolytic components that are hypothesized by some to enhance the rate of digestion. Therefore, we also investigated whether venom type (proteolytic-component-rich “adult” versus neurotoxin-rich “neonate” venom) affected digestive performance. We examined specific dynamic action (SDA), apparent assimilation efficiency, rate of digestion, and gut passage time in snakes fed prey killed with either “adult” or “neonate” venom at 22 and 30 °C. Although digestion progressed more quickly at 30 °C compared with 22 °C, there were no significant differences in digestion rate or assimilation efficiency owing to venom type; however, our statistical power was limited by small sample size. Despite the lack of “digestive experience”, the apparent assimilation efficiency was remarkably high (mean of 92%) and greater than published values for Crotalinae species. Based on these results, we hypothesize that neonatal C. o. helleri make a big energetic profit from their first meal by digesting efficiently and economically.
Vigilance and fright behaviour in the insular Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus)
Authors: Reimers Eigil , Lund Steinar , Ergon Torbjørn
Published: August 2011

The insular Svalbard reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Vrolik, 1829) provide an opportunity to study vigilance behaviour in the absence of predators and parasitizing insects. We measured vigilance and fright and flight response during summer 2006 in the Svalbard archipelago; in four areas on Nordenskiöld Land on the island Spitzbergen and in one area on the island Edgeøya. Vigilance was higher in reindeer on Edgeøya than in the four Spitzbergen areas. Males were less vigilant than lactating and barren females and vigilance decreased with increasing group size. The relaxed vigilance behaviour in Svalbard reindeer compared with wild reindeer in southern Norway demonstrates a vigilance threshold in the absence of traditional predators of Rangifer Hamilton Smith, 1827. Alert, flight initiation, and escape distances were all shorter in Adventdalen, with Longyearbyen and its considerably higher amounts of human activities and infrastructure than in the other study areas, supporting evidence of habituation towards humans. There were no systematic vigilance or differences in fright and flight responses between reindeer in Colesdalen, Reindalen, and Sassendalen, indicating that a combination of low level of human activities including hunting, recreation, and scientific activities affected the animals differently. Lower probability of assessing before fleeing in Edgeøya (63% vs. 94% in the Nordenskiöld Land areas), along with their higher vigilance, may indicate more frequent interactions with polar bears ( Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) in Edgeøya.
A 4-year study of invasive and native spider populations in Maine
Authors: Jakob Elizabeth M. , Porter Adam H. , Ginsberg Howard , Bednarski Julie V. , Houser Jeremy
Published: August 2011

Invasive spiders pose potential threats to native spiders. In 2002, the European spider Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) (Araneae: Linyphiidae) was discovered in all but one county in Maine. At Acadia National Park, we conducted a 4-year study of L. triangularis and three native linyphiid species of a similar size ( Frontinella communis (Hentz, 1850), Pityohyphantes subarcticus Chamberlin and Ivie, 1943, and Neriene radiata (Walckenaer, 1842)). Using line-transect surveys, we measured population densities in coastal and forest habitat. The density of L. triangularis varied across years but was always significantly higher on the coast than in the forest. In contrast, only one native species was present on the coast and at very low numbers. Coastal L. triangularis were larger and in better condition than those in the forest, and numbers and biomass of insect prey were also higher on the coast. In 2 years, we also conducted transects at a second coastal location in Maine where the invader was at low density. At that site, native densities were substantially higher than at either Acadia site. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that L. triangularis is reducing populations of native spiders. Companion studies suggest that L. triangularis negatively impacts natives by usurping both web sites and webs.
NON-ABELIAN DISCRETE FLAVOR SYMMETRIES ON ORBIFOLDS
Authors: ABE HIROYUKI , CHOI KANG-SIN , KOBAYASHI TATSUO , OHKI HIROSHI , SAKAI MANABU
Published: August 2011

We study non-Abelian flavor symmetries on orbifolds, S1/Z2 and T2/Z3. Our extra dimensional models realize DN, Σ(2N2), Δ(3N2) and Δ(6N2) including A4 and S4. In addition, one can also realize their subgroups such as QN, T7, etc. The S3 flavor symmetry can be realized on both S1/Z2 and T2/Z3 orbifolds.
THEORETICAL STUDY ON INTERMEDIATE VALENCE FLUCTUATION IN EUROPIUM SULPHIDE (EuS)
Authors: ARIPONNAMMAL S. , RATHIHA S. K.
Published: August 2011

Europium chalcogenides receive greater interest because of their interesting properties such as valence transition, semiconductor to metallic transition and structural phase transition etc. In this paper, the charge transfer in Europium Sulphide ( EuS ) is analyzed by experimental and theoretical X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The direction and amount of charge transfer are inferred by plotting and comparing the structure factors of the components. The charge transfer parameter thus obtained is 0.29 electron from Eu to S which confirms the intermediate valence fluctuation. Further, the charge transfer in EuS , EuSe and EuTe , is found to be decreasing with the increase of lattice constant and energy gap which correlates the valency and lattice size.
SINGLE BACKSTEPPING CONTROL INPUT OF A NOVEL 3D AUTONOMOUS CHAOTIC SYSTEM
Authors: DADRAS SARA , MOMENI HAMID REZA
Published: August 2011

In this paper, we have proposed a novel three-dimensional Lorenz-like chaotic system. Some basic properties of the system, such as dynamical behaviors, bifurcation diagram. Lyapunov exponents and Poincare mapping are investigated either analytically or numerically. Furthermore, the control problem of the new chaotic system was studied via nonlinear backstepping method. The single backstepping control input was designed according to Lyapunov stability criterion. Numerical simulations are carried out in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control design.
STOCHASTIC RESONANCE ENHANCED BY WHITE NOISE IN A STOCHASTIC BISTABLE SYSTEM
Authors: FENG GUO , ZHOU YU-RONG , LI SHAO-FU
Published: August 2011

The stochastic resonance (SR) for a stochastic bistable system driven by a static force and a periodic square-wave signal as well as by additive white noise is considered from the view of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is found that the SNR appears SR behavior when it is plotted as a function of the additive noise strength or as a function of the system parameters. Moreover, the influence of the static force is opposite to that of the amplitude of the stochastic potential.
A LINK BETWEEN THE MAXIMUM ENTROPY APPROACH AND THE VARIATIONAL ENTROPY FORM
Authors: VAKARIN E. V. , BADIALI J. P.
Published: August 2011

The maximum entropy approach operating with quite general entropy measure and constraint is considered. It is demonstrated that for a conditional or parametrized probability distribution f(x|μ), there is a "universal" relation among the entropy rate and the functions appearing in the constraint. This relation allows one to translate the specificities of the observed behavior θ(μ) into the amount of information on the relevant random variable x at different values of the parameter μ. It is shown that the recently proposed variational formulation of the entropic functional can be obtained as a consequence of this relation, that is from the maximum entropy principle. This resolves certain puzzling points that appeared in the variational approach.
THE α-DECAY CHAINS OF THE 287, 288115 ISOTOPES USING RELATIVISTIC MEAN FIELD THEORY
Authors: SAHU B. K. , BHUYAN M. , MAHAPATRO S. , PATRA S. K.
Published: August 2011

We study the binding energy, root-mean-square radius and quadrupole deformation parameter for the synthesized superheavy element Z = 115, within the formalism of relativistic mean field theory. The calculation is dones for various isotopes of Z = 115 element, starting from A = 272 to A = 292. A systematic comparison between the binding energies and experimental data is made.The calculated binding energies are in good agreement with experimental result. The results show the prolate deformation for the ground state of these nuclei. The most stable isotope is found to be 282115 nucleus (N = 167) in the isotopic chain. We have also studied Qα and Tα for the α-decay chains of 287, 288115.
γ-UNSTABLE SPECTRUM IN THE SD-PAIR SHELL MODEL FOR IDENTICAL NUCLEON SYSTEM
Authors: WANG Y. , LI L. , LUO Y. A. , ZHANG Y. , PAN F. , DRAAYER J. P.
Published: August 2011

The γ-unstable limit of the interacting boson model for identical nucleon systems (IBM-I) was studied within the framework of the SD-pair shell model. The results show that the properties of this limit as realized within the boson picture can be reproduced well within a fermion framework.
LOCAL HOMOLOGY AND GORENSTEIN FLAT MODULES
Authors: MASHHAD FATEMEH MOHAMMADI AGHJEH , DIVAANI-AAZAR KAMRAN
Published: August 2011

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, 𝔞 be an ideal of R and [Formula: see text] denote the derived category of R-modules. We investigate the theory of local homology in conjunction with Gorenstein flat modules. Let X be a homologically bounded to the right complex and Q be a bounded to the right complex of Gorenstein flat R-modules such that Q and X are isomorphic in [Formula: see text]. We establish a natural isomorphism LΛ𝔞(X) ≃ Λ𝔞(Q) in [Formula: see text] which immediately asserts that sup LΛ𝔞(X) ≤ Gfd RX. This isomorphism yields several conseQuences. For instance, in the case R possesses a dualizing complex, we show that Gfd RLΛ𝔞(X) ≤ Gfd RX. Also, we establish a criterion for regularity of Gorenstein local rings.
RINGS WHOSE ANNIHILATING-IDEAL GRAPHS HAVE POSITIVE GENUS
Authors: ALINIAEIFARD F. , BEHBOODI M.
Published: August 2011

Let R be a commutative ring and 𝔸(R) be the set of ideals with nonzero annihilators. The annihilating-ideal graph of R is defined as the graph 𝔸𝔾(R) with the vertex set 𝔸(R)* = 𝔸\{(0)} and two distinct vertices I and J are adjacent if and only if IJ = (0). We investigate commutative rings R whose annihilating-ideal graphs have positive genus γ(𝔸𝔾(R)). It is shown that if R is an Artinian ring such that γ(𝔸𝔾(R)) < ∞, then either R has only finitely many ideals or (R, 𝔪) is a Gorenstein ring with maximal ideal 𝔪 and v.dimR/𝔪𝔪/𝔪2= 2. Also, for any two integers g ≥ 0 and q > 0, there are only finitely many isomorphism classes of Artinian rings R satisfying the conditions: (i) γ(𝔸𝔾(R)) = g and (ii) |R/𝔪| ≤ q for every maximal ideal 𝔪 of R. Also, it is shown that if R is a non-domain Noetherian local ring such that γ(𝔸𝔾(R)) < ∞, then either R is a Gorenstein ring or R is an Artinian ring with only finitely many ideals.
MAL'CEV–NEUMANN RINGS AND NONCROSSED PRODUCT DIVISION ALGEBRAS
Authors: COYETTE CÉCILE
Published: August 2011

The first section of this paper yields a sufficient condition for a Mal'cev–Neumann ring of formal series to be a noncrossed product division algebra. This result is used in Sec. 2 to give an elementary proof of the existence of noncrossed product division algebras (of degree 8 or degree p2 for p any odd prime). The arguments are based on those of Hanke in [A direct approach to noncrossed product division algebras, thesis dissertation, Postdam (2001), An explicit example of a noncrossed product division algebra, Math. Nachr.251 (2004) 51–68, A twisted Laurent series ring that is a noncrossed product, Israel. J. Math.150 (2005) 199–2003].
The Effect of Dislocation Density and Surface Morphology on the Optical Properties of InGaN/GaN Quantum Wells Grown on r-Plane Sapphire Substrates
Authors: Badcock Tom J. , Hao Rui , Moram Michelle A. , Kappers Menno J. , Dawson Phil , Humphreys Colin J.
Published: August 2011

The optical properties of non-polar InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells grown on r-plane sapphire substrates are investigated as a function of threading dislocation density. The 6 K emission spectrum consists of a peak at 3.25 eV and a broad band centred around 2.64 eV. From microscopy and cathodoluminescence studies, the higher energy peak is assigned to recombination within quantum wells lying on the (1120) plane which are intersected by basal-plane stacking faults. The lower energy band is attributed to emission from sidewall quantum wells of varying width and composition which form on the various semi-polar facets of structural defects that develop during the quantum well growth.
Deep-Hole Traps in p-Type GaAs1-xBix Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Fuyuki Takuma , Kashiyama Shota , Tominaga Yoriko , Oe Kunishige , Yoshimoto Masahiro
Published: August 2011

Deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements reveal deep-hole traps with activation energies of 0.43 and 0.23 eV in p-type GaAs1-x
Bi
x
samples with x = 1.2 and 3.4%, respectively, grown at 370 °C by molecular beam epitaxy. In spite of low-temperature growth, the deep-level trap concentration is suppressed on the order of 1015 cm-3, suggesting that Bi atoms contribute to the enhancement of migration to prevent the formation of point defects. The possible origin of the hole traps is discussed in connection with arsenic antisite, AsGa, and bismuth antisite, BiGa.
Investigation of Carrier Collection Capability in Organic Heterostructure with Conductive Polymer Nanofiber
Authors: Yamashita Kenichi , Maeda Tatsuya , Kusakabe Youhei , Kotaki Masaya
Published: August 2011

The capability of carrier collection was investigated for an organic heterointerface with conductive polymer nanofibers and a fullerene derivative. The electrospinning method was employed for fabricating conductive polymer nanofibers. In a photovoltaic device with this heterointerface, a rather large photocurrent was obtained in spite of the fact that the polymer nanofibers were large at submicrometer diameter. It was considered that conductive polymer nanofibers can serve as a conduction path for photoinduced carriers and might be helpful for the marked improvement in power conversion efficiency of organic thin film solar cell.
Improvement of Electron Mobility above 100,000 cm2V-1s-1in MgxZn1-xO/ZnO Heterostructures
Authors: Akasaka Shunsuke , Tsukazaki Atsushi , Nakahara Ken , Ohtomo Akira , Kawasaki Masashi
Published: August 2011

We discuss the electron mobility (µ) of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined at the MgxZn1-xO/ZnO heterointerface grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. With increasingxfrom 0.05 to 0.2, the electron density (n) was enhanced and µ was suppressed due to interface roughness or alloy disorder scattering. By the optimization of growth conditions, in particular growth rate, ionized impurity scattering in the ZnO channel could be reduced significantly. With tuningnby a gate voltage on top-gated Hall-bar devices, the peak µ at 2 K was enhanced to 130,000 cm2V-1s-1atn= 3×1011cm-2.
Stability of Carbon Incorpoated Semipolar GaN(1101) Surface
Authors: Akiyama Toru , Nakamura Kohji , Ito Tomonori
Published: August 2011

The structural stability of carbon incorporated GaN(1101) surfaces is theoretically investigated by performing first-principles pseudopotential calculations. The calculated surface formation energies taking account of the metal organic vapor phase epitaxy conditions demonstrate that several carbon incorporated surfaces are stabilized depending on the growth conditions. Using surface phase diagrams, which are obtained by comparing the calculated adsorption energy with vapor-phase chemical potentials, we find that the semipolar surface forms NH2 and CH2 below ∼1660 K while the polar GaN(0001) surface with CH3 is stabilized below ∼1550 K. This difference could be one of possible explanations for p-type doping on the semipolar GaN(1101) surface.
Fat Liquefaction of Adipose Tissue Using Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Irradiation
Authors: Hirata Takamichi , Tsutsui Chihiro , Kishimoto Takumi , Mori Akira , Akiya Masahiro , Yamamoto Toshiaki , Taguchi Akira
Published: August 2011

The liquefaction of fat in adipose tissue for potential medical applications was achieved by direct irradiation using an atmospheric-pressure plasma source and a catheter-type apparatus. When fat was irradiated with plasma generated from a catheter tip, it was liquefied through ozonolysis, although little production and diffusion of ozone originating from the collision/ionization of gas molecules was observed in preliminary experiments. Furthermore, surface damage to fat cells, such as thermal carbonization or electric shock injuries, was not observed.
Orientation and Community Size Dependences of Pulsatile Electrical Field Stimulation on Lined-Up and Rod-Shaped Single Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Kaneko Tomoyuki , Nomura Fumimasa , Yasuda Kenji
Published: August 2011

We have examined the orientation dependence of minimum electric field intensity for the stimulation of cardiomyocytes, which were cultivated in agarose chambers, using a lined-up cardiomyocyte network with different numbers of cells and orientations. When the cell network was arranged parallel to the electric field, the required minimum electric field intensity decreased to one-fourth as cell number increased, whereas that of the cell network arranged orthogonal to the electrical field did not decrease and was independent of cell number. The required electrical field intensity of the 100 µm rod-shaped single cardiomyocyte in a microchamber arranged parallel to the electric field was also 40% lower than that of the cell network arranged orthogonal to the electric field. The results indicate that the gradient of the electric field potential between two ends of the cell network or rod-shaped single cell is important for their excitation.
Chapter 10 Tectonostratigraphy of the greater Barents Sea: implications for petroleum systems
Authors: Henriksen E. , Ryseth A. E. , Larssen G. B. , Heide T. , Rønning K. , Sollid K. , Stoupakova A. V.
Published: August 2011

Palaeogeographic and tectono-stratigraphic considerations in the greater Barents Sea show that the distribution of reservoirs and hydrocarbon source rocks from the Late Palaeozoic to the Palaeogene can be related to three tectonic phases. Firstly, the Palaeozoic Caledonain Orogeny caused uplift to the west, followed by eastward sediment distribution across the shelf, towards carbonate platforms to the east. Secondly the Late Palaeozoic–Mesozoic Uralide Orogeny induced uplift to the east, causing widespread clastic deposition and reversal of the sediment distribution pattern. Thirdly, major Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic rifting and crustal breakup in the western Barents Sea led to the current basin configuration. Reservoir rocks comprise Late Palaeozoic carbonates and spiculites, Mesozoic terrestrial and marine sandstones and Palaeogene deep-water sandstones. Hydrocarbon source rocks range in age from Silurian to Early Cretaceous, and are grouped into three petroleum systems derived from Late Palaeozoic, Triassic and Late Jurassic source rocks. Multiple tectonic episodes caused formation of a variety of trap types, of which extensional fault blocks and gently folded domes have been the most prospective. Volumetric considerations of generated petroleum indicate that charging is not a limiting factor, except in the western margin.
Chapter 11 Structural interpretation of the Barents and Kara Seas from gravity and magnetic data
Authors: Werner Stephanie C. , Ebbing Jörg , Litvinova Tamara P. , Olesen Odleiv
Published: August 2011

New gravity and magnetic anomaly maps for the Barents and Kara Sea region only allow mapping of tectonic features where the thick sedimentary cover is tectonically disturbed. Maps of sedimentary thickness and depth to top basement and the Moho differ between the western and eastern Barents Sea, although detailed thickness and depth estimates require calibration by seismic data. Internal plate boundaries created during the amalgamation of the Barents Sea region were not detected using potential field data.
Chapter 22 Oil and gas potential of the Russian Arctic Shelf and palaeogeographical mapping of the Barents Sea
Authors: Kaminsky V. D. , Suprunenko O. I. , Suslova V. V.
Published: August 2011

The main part of the hydrocarbon resources and reserves of the Russian Arctic Shelf is concentrated in the Barents (with Pechora) and Kara seas. These resources and reserves are mainly represented by gas. Only this part of the Russian Arctic Shelf is ready for development. The geological models of the vast eastern part of the shelf and subsequent quantitative assessments of hydrocarbon resources based on them are rough estimations. Some lithofacies and palaeographic maps illustrate the key stages of the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic geological evolution of the Barents–Kara sea areas.
Chapter 23 Geological model and oil and gas potential of the Gydan–Yuratskiy region and the southern part of the Kara Shelf
Authors: Ivanova N. M. , Belyaev I. V. , Kolesnikova Y. V.
Published: August 2011

The area under consideration covers the Gydan–Yuratsk shallow waters, the southern part of the Kara shelf and the coastal parts of the Yamal, Yavai and Gydan peninsulas. In 2006–2007 Sevmorgeo conducted seismic surveys offshore the Gydan and Yuratskiy bays and in addition regional profiles in the southern part of the Kara Shelf were processed. The high-quality seismic data, their processing and interpretation with the onshore lines and an integrated interpretation with gravimetric–magnetic survey data allowed a unified geological model of the Gydan–Yuratsk region and southern part of the Kara Shelf to be made, aiding the evaluation of the oil and gas potential.
Chapter 25 Tectonic setting, structure and petroleum geology of the Siberian Arctic offshore sedimentary basins
Authors: Drachev Sergey S.
Published: August 2011

The paper summarizes the results of geological and geophysical studies of the Siberian Arctic Shelf (Laptev, East Siberian and Chukchi seas), which is one of the largest continental shelves on Earth. This region consists of as many as 22 significant sedimentary basins of variable age and genesis which are expected to bear significant undiscovered volumes of hydrocarbons. Two major groups of the basins are identified based on the age of the underlying crustal basement: (1) post-Hauterivian/Barremian basins resting on the Late Mesozoic folded basement; and (2) older (Late Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic?) basins preserved outboard of the Late Mesozoic deformational front in the northern part of the East Siberian and Chukchi seas. At least two significant tectonic events caused the overall tectonic pattern of the shelf as well as formation and structural styles of its individual crustal domains and the sedimentary basins: (1) Late Mesozoic convergence and subsequent collision of the Arctic Alaska–Chukchi Microplate with the Verkhoyansk–Kolyma/Omolon margin of the North Asia Continent around 130–125 Ma (the Verkhoyansk–Brookian compressional event); and (2) a series of Cretaceous and Cenozoic extensional events related to the origin of the Arctic oceanic basins. Based on 2D regional multichannel seismic reflection data constrained by onshore geology, plate tectonic models and inter-regional correlations, as well as on gravity and magnetic grids, the structural styles, lithostratigraphy and possible hydrocarbon systems of the offshore sedimentary basins are considered.
Chapter 32 Geology and petroleum potential of the Arctic Alaska petroleum province
Authors: Bird Kenneth J. , Houseknecht David W.
Published: August 2011

The Arctic Alaska petroleum province encompasses all lands and adjacent continental shelf areas north of the Brooks Range–Herald Arch orogenic belt and south of the northern (outboard) margin of the Beaufort Rift shoulder. Even though only a small part is thoroughly explored, it is one of the most prolific petroleum provinces in North America with total known resources (cumulative production plus proved reserves) of
c
. 28 BBOE. The province constitutes a significant part of a displaced continental fragment, the Arctic Alaska microplate, that was probably rifted from the Canadian Arctic margin during formation of the Canada Basin. Petroleum prospective rocks in the province, mostly Mississippian and younger, record a sequential geological evolution through passive margin, rift and foreland basin tectonic stages. Significant petroleum source and reservoir rocks were formed during each tectonic stage but it was the foreland basin stage that provided the necessary burial heating to generate petroleum from the source rocks. The lion's share of known petroleum resources in the province occur in combination structural–stratigraphic traps formed as a consequence of rifting and located along the rift shoulder. Since the discovery of the super-giant Prudhoe Bay accumulation in one of these traps in the late 1960s, exploration activity preferentially focused on these types of traps. More recent activity, however, has emphasized the potential for stratigraphic traps and the prospect of a natural gas pipeline in this region has spurred renewed interest in structural traps. For assessment purposes, the province is divided into a Platform assessment unit (AU), comprising the Beaufort Rift shoulder and its relatively undeformed flanks, and a Fold-and-Thrust Belt AU, comprising the deformed area north of the Brooks Range and Herald Arch tectonic belt. Mean estimates of undiscovered, technically recoverable resources include nearly 28 billion barrels of oil (BBO) and 122 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of nonassociated gas in the Platform AU and 2 BBO and 59 TCF of nonassociated gas in the Fold-and-Thrust Belt AU.
Chapter 34 Geology and petroleum potential of the rifted margins of the Canada Basin
Authors: Houseknecht David W. , Bird Kenneth J.
Published: August 2011

Three sides of the Canada Basin are bordered by high-standing, conjugate rift shoulders of the Chukchi Borderland, Alaska and Canada. The Alaska and Canada margins are mantled with thick, growth-faulted sediment prisms, and the Chukchi Borderland contains only a thin veneer of sediment. The rift-margin strata of Alaska and Canada reflect the tectonics and sediment dispersal systems of adjacent continental regions whereas the Chukchi Borderland was tectonically isolated from these sediment dispersal systems. Along the eastern Alaska–southern Canada margin, termed herein the ‘Canning–Mackenzie deformed margin’, the rifted margin is deformed by ongoing Brooks Range tectonism. Additional contractional structures occur in a gravity fold belt that may be present along the entire Alaska and Canada margins of the Canada Basin. Source-rock data inboard of the rift shoulders and regional palaeogeographic reconstructions suggest three potential source-rock intervals: Lower Cretaceous (Hauterivian–Albian), Upper Cretaceous (mostly Turonian) and Lower Palaeogene. Burial history modelling indicates favourable timing for generation from all three intervals beneath the Alaska and Canada passive margins, and an active petroleum system has been documented in the Canning–Mackenzie deformed margin. Assessment of undiscovered petroleum resources indicates the greatest potential in the Canning–Mackenzie deformed margin and significant potential in the Canada and Alaska passive margins.