bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multilingualism and Awareness of Cultural Differences in Communication
Authors: Drobot Irina-Ana
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to look at ways in which teaching and learning a foreign language can benefit from previous knowledge of other languages, when it comes to the awareness of linguistics, pragmatics, as well as of cultural differences. The assumption is that having knowledge of other languages and, implicitly, of cultures, can help increase awareness and empathy with other cultural values and mindsets. As a result, adaptation to the ways and values of other cultures can be easier and faster for multilinguals. Studying a foreign language should always be strongly connected to studying the respective culture, since it can increase awareness of the context of communication and help in the study of pragmatics. The chapter will analyze examples of multilinguals with these abilities and awareness and draw conclusions.
Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Regassa Feyisa Bikila
Published: August 2021

The health of general population cannot be well characterized from the analyses of mortality and morbidity statistics alone, particularly for patients of chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus. It is equally important to contemplate health in terms of people’s assessment of their sense of well-being and ability to perform social roles. A number of reasons are there to measure the health-related quality of life among patients with diabetes mellitus. For one thing, diabetes patients are highly interested in functional capacity and well-being. On the other hand, patients in the same clinical manifestations might have different responses. Either general or specific instruments could be utilized to measure the health-related quality of life of diabetes patients. Choice of the instrument depends on time of the measurement, validity of the instrument and the interpretability. In Ethiopia, short form 36 (SF-36) instruments were utilized and the highest (63.2 ± 34.4) and the lowest (30.2 ± 22.9) mean score scored in physical functioning and general health domain respectively. The study indicated that age, sex, marital status, educational status, feeling of stigmatized, co-morbidity status, chronic complication and body mass index are some of the predictors of health-related quality of life for patients living with diabetes mellitus.
Tackling Eurocentric Perspectives on Cultural World Heritage: Suggestions for Including Postcolonial Approaches in World Heritage Education
Authors: Röll Verena , Meyer Christiane
Published: August 2021

The chapter analyses and discusses the perspectives of young people on cultural World Heritage and its imbalanced global distribution. The qualitative study is based upon focus groups and hermeneutic photography conducted with 43 secondary school students aged 14–17 years from Lower Saxony, Germany. The findings of the focus groups, which are presented in this chapter, reveal deeply rooted Eurocentric thinking patterns, that structure the understanding of cultural World Heritage in general and are used to justify the dominance of European cultural World Heritage sites. Due to these results, the authors call for including post- and decolonial approaches in World Heritage Education to foster the adoption of critical and reflexive thinking.
Foreign Bodies Ingestion
Authors: Jamel Doya Leen , Ibrahim Ali
Published: August 2021

Foreign body ingestion is a common problem among children especially under psychological stress. More than 110.000 ingested foreign bodies were reported in the United States, of which more than 85% occurred in the pediatric population. Ingested foreign bodies usually pass through the alimentary tract without any problem. However, they can occasionally be trapped and require endoscopic or surgical management. In the asymptomatic patient, a series of abdominal X-rays are recommended to follow up on the progress of the foreign body. When a foreign body becomes immobile in the distal bowels a high suspicion that the foreign body has become trapped must be considered and surgical management is recommended with or without signs of inflammation. Here we describe the cases scenarios of foreign bodies trapped in the gastrointestinal tract and the management options.
Lifelong Healthy Habits and Lifestyles
Authors: Honório Samuel , Santos Jorge , Serrano João , Rocha João , Petrica João , Ramalho André , Batista Marco
Published: August 2021

The expression “lifestyles” describes several expressed behaviors, usually in the form of consumption and behaviors patterns, which characterizes how an individual or group fits into society. Although, with the advancement of science and the facilitation of human tasks in the daily living, there is a reduction in mortality from infectious diseases and an increase in longevity, however the appearance of chronic-degenerative diseases that negatively affect the quality of life have been found when some behaviors, defined as “good” lifestyles are not considered. The lifestyles could be defined as a set of mediating structures that reflect a totality of activities, attitudes and social values ​​closely related and that depend on economic and social conditions, education, age, among other factors. It manifests historical and cultural experiences and emerges from a set of decisions, over which the subject assumes control, thus, the lifestyle is revealed to be fundamental in the promotion and protection of health. This chapter intends to describe how healthy lifestyles could be considered adequate through our living period since young ages, maintaining and distinguishing them during adulthood and making them useful in older ages.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Biogenic Silver and Zinc Nanocrystals/Nanoparticles to Combat the Drug Resistance in Human Pathogens
Authors: Ahmed Rather Gulzar , Hassan Saqib , Pal Surajit , Hashim Khan Mohd , Sulaiman Rahman Heshu , Khan Johra
Published: August 2021

The emergence of biogenic nanomaterials as novel antimicrobials introduces a new paradigm in human health care. Based on the recent reports of the World Health Organization, infectious diseases pose one of the greatest health challenges. Increased multi-drug resistance prevalence among human pathogens, due to the inefficiency of commercially available antimicrobial drugs in the market is a great threat to humans. The poor solubility, stability and side effects of the antibacterial therapy prompted the researchers to explore new innovative strategies for developing new antimicrobials. Recently, biogenic nanoparticles have proven their effectiveness against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. Biogenic nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are easy to produce, biocompatible, provide enhanced uptake and are eco-friendly. Moreover, the capping of the biogenic nanocrystals provides an active surface for interaction with biological components, facilitated by free active surface functional groups to enhance their efficacy and delivery. Inorganic nanocrystals (AgNPs and ZnONPs) are effective both as nano-bactericides and as nanocarriers against sensitive and MDR) pathogens. The present chapter focuses on the utilization of the recent nanosystems to combat drug resistance in human pathogens. Nanomedicine represents a new generation of potiential antimicrobial candidates capable of combating the drug resistance in various pathogenic organisms.
Precision Polishing Techniques for Metal Molding Dies and Glass Forming Technology “Slumping Method”
Authors: Shinozaki Akira , Kinoshita Junpei
Published: August 2021

Precision manufacturing techniques are required for the fabrication of small and large optical components in various fields. To prepare molding dies with highly precise geometric shapes and surface roughness that are used in certain molding processes, polishing techniques have been investigated for many materials. In this research, the polishing techniques used for a SUS310S stainless steel molding die for the glass forming technology “slumping method” were investigated. The surface roughness of the polished SUS310S molding die surface was below Rz = 120 nm (P–V), Ra = 20 nm after 35 h of polishing with 0.5% alumina polishing liquid under a pressure of 1.7 kPa. In addition, the centerless polishing machine was designed and manufactured to polish cylindrical molding die surfaces with same polishing conditions. As the result of using cylindrical molding dies that made by this centerless polishing machine, the surface roughness of the glass plate formed using the slumping method with the polished molding die was below Ra = 20 nm. These results indicate that the surface roughness of the molding die had a small effect on the glass plate surface formed using the slumping method.
Comparative Study of Cellulose Hydrogel Films Prepared from Various Biomass Wastes
Authors: Cho Cho , Aye Thinzar , Khaing Aung , Kobayashi Takaomi
Published: August 2021

The conversion of biomass waste products to valuable products like cellulose hydrogel films is important in cell regeneration. In this study, the various biomass wastes: thanaka heartwood (TH), sugarcane bagasse (SB) and rice straw (RS) were used as cellulose resources. They were chemically treated using acid and alkali to obtain cellulose fibers. The yield percent of cellulose fibers depends on the nature of biomass materials. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses showed that the amount of lignin and hemicellulose from these samples were successfully reduced by chemical treatment. Cellulose fibers were treated using the dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) system to obtain cellulose hydrogel solutions. Following this, the cellulose hydrogel films were prepared employing the phase inversion method without cross-linker. These films were transparent and flexible. In the present study, water retainable property and viscoelasticity of cellulose hydrogel films were measured. Antimicrobial activity tests of cellulose solutions have been carried out to be utilized to hydrogel films for biomedical application.
Injuries of the Posterolateral Corner of the Knee-Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Beginning and Advanced Arthroscopic Surgeons
Authors: Góralczyk Adrian , Jancewicz Piotr , Hermanowicz Krzysztof
Published: August 2021

Injuries to the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee may have a devastating impact on whole joint. Posterolateral rotatory instability, despite getting more and more popular among orthopedic surgeons, still remains challenging to diagnose and even more challenging to treat. Available surgical techniques are demanding and require advanced surgical skills. In this chapter we are going to review the diagnostic tools which help to recognize posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee, to outline its importance and consequences of misdiagnosis as well as present arthroscopic popliteus tenodesis and arthroscopic-assisted posterolateral corner reconstruction which are our minimally invasive techniques used to treat this condition depending on PLC injury pattern and grading. Presented techniques are reproducible, safe and do not require advanced surgical skills being a useful alternative for available open PLC reconstructions.
Privacy Preserving Data Mining
Authors: Ergüner Özkoç Esma
Published: August 2021

Data mining techniques provide benefits in many areas such as medicine, sports, marketing, signal processing as well as data and network security. However, although data mining techniques used in security subjects such as intrusion detection, biometric authentication, fraud and malware classification, “privacy” has become a serious problem, especially in data mining applications that involve the collection and sharing of personal data. For these reasons, the problem of protecting privacy in the context of data mining differs from traditional data privacy protection, as data mining can act as both a friend and foe. Chapter covers the previously developed privacy preserving data mining techniques in two parts: (i) techniques proposed for input data that will be subject to data mining and (ii) techniques suggested for processed data (output of the data mining algorithms). Also presents attacks against the privacy of data mining applications. The chapter conclude with a discussion of next-generation privacy-preserving data mining applications at both the individual and organizational levels.
Inflammatory Mediators Leading to Edema Formation through Plasma Membrane Receptors
Authors: Teixeira Guilherme , Faria Robson
Published: August 2021

Edema is a swelling from liquid accumulation in body tissues. Injuries in tissues or organs may cause this disorder leading to chemical mediators releasing and triggering the inflammatory process. Inflammatory mediators, when released in response to injuries, promote biological reactions at the affected site. Furthermore, plasma membrane receptors modulate the inflammatory chemical agent synthesis and release. Pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll Like is an example of plasma membrane receptors associated with chemical agents recognizing and cascade amplification. Therefore, these plasma membrane proteins exhibit essential roles during injuries and immunologic response. Thus, this review discusses the plasma membrane receptors modulation in the inflammatory area, focusing on edema formation.
School Employee Sexual Misconduct: Red Flag Grooming Behaviors by Perpetrators
Authors: Shakeshaft Charol , Parry Mitchell , Chong Eve , Saima Syeda , Lindh Najia
Published: August 2021

The sexual exploitation of students is a worldwide problem. In the U.S., the problem is three-fold: (1) Ten percent of public school students report being sexually abused by a school employee. (2) There is little in the existing research that identifies and describes the school culture, patterns, and conditions in which educator sexual misconduct occurs. (3) Because no one has systematically documented the school culture and the behaviors and patterns of adults who sexually abuse children in schools, school professionals fail to understand what patterns and behaviors should trigger concern, supervision, investigation, and/or reporting. Stopping sexual misconduct directed toward students means understanding the process that adults use to prepare students to be abused so that they do not tell, do not fight, and acquiesce. This process, called grooming, has the purpose of gaining student trust, as well as the trust of parents and colleagues. This study examines school employee sexual misconduct toward students in school in the United States and is based upon an analysis of 222 cases of school employee sexual misconduct toward a student where a school employee was convicted of student sexual abuse. The findings identify red flag grooming patterns used with students, colleagues, and parents.
Applications of Titanium Dioxide Materials
Authors: Wu Xiaoping
Published: August 2021

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a stable, non-toxic inorganic material. Because of very high refractive index, TiO2 has been widely used as a white pigment. The optimal particle sizes of TiO2 for pigment applications are around 250 nm. The pigmentary applications of TiO2 can be found in many common products such as paints, plastics, paper and ink. Global titanium dioxide pigment sales have reached several million tons annually. Titanium dioxide is also a semiconducting material. When excited by photons which have energy equal to or higher than the band gap of TiO2, electron/hole pairs can be generated. The dynamics of the photo-generated electron/hole pairs of TiO2 is fundamentally important to its photocatalytic properties. More recently, nano-structured TiO2 has raised a great deal of interests in research after the discoveries of the important potentials for applications. The enormous efforts have been put in the preparation, characterization, scientific understandings, and modifications of the photocatalytic properties of TiO2. The applications of nano-structured TiO2 can be now found in a wide range of areas including electronic materials, energy, environment, health & medicine, catalysts, etc. This chapter has discussed and highlighted the development of the applications of titanium dioxide materials in many of those areas.
TiO2: A Semiconductor Photocatalyst
Authors: Abd Aziz Azrina , Khatun Fatema , Uddin Monir Minhaj , Lan Ching Sim , Kah Hon Leong
Published: August 2021

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is considered as an inert and safe material and has been used in many applications for decades. TiO2 have been widely studied, due to its interesting general properties in a wide range of fields including catalysis, antibacterial agents, in civil as nano-paint (self-cleaning) and especially photocatalysis, and that affect the quality of life. Thus, the development of nanotechnologies TiO2 nanoparticles, with numerous novel and useful properties, are increasingly manufactured and used. TiO2 doped with noble metal are good candidates in the performance these applications. The fascinating physical and chemical features of TiO2 depend on the crystal phase, size and shape of particles. For example, varying phases of crystalline TiO2 have different band gaps that rutile TiO2 of 3.0 eV and anatase TiO2 of 3.2 eV, determine the photocatalytic performance of TiO2. This chapter explains basic information on TiO2 and theoretical concepts of nanostructure of TiO2 nanoparticles as a semiconductor photocatalyst.
Biodiversity Conservation, Economic Growth and Sustainable Development
Authors: E. Rice Richard
Published: August 2021

A growing economy has long been regarded as important for social and economic progress. And indeed, much of what we value in society is the product of economic growth. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that growth cannot continue forever and that there is a price to pay for our failure to chart a more sustainable path. This chapter examines the conflict between our global obsession with growth and the conservation of biological diversity. The chapter begins with a discussion of what growth means and why it is the focus of global economic policy. We then review the connection between economic growth, sustainable development and the conservation of biological diversity and examine issues surrounding the quest for sustainable development, including how growth is measured and why there is a need to develop alternatives measures of growth and alternatives to a focus on perpetual growth. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the role that economic incentives can play in helping to catalyze necessary change and the importance of a commitment to cost-effectiveness in the choice of policies to promote conservation action.
The Use of Videoconferencing in Higher Education
Authors: K. Massner Chandra
Published: August 2021

This chapter will explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the higher education industry. Specifically, there will be a discussion of the exponential growth of videoconferencing tools for higher education purposes. The effects of the communication technology tool on the college classroom will be explored, including how faculty and students experience the synchronous, virtual classroom. Parts of the communication process and how they differ in face-to-face and videoconference class will be outlined. The concept of Zoom fatigue will be defined and examined, in relation to the communication process. Recommendations for effective use of videoconferencing in the college classroom will be provided.
Overcoming the Photochemical Problem of Vitamin K in Topical Application
Authors: Goto Shotaro , Setoguchi Shuichi , Matsunaga Kazuhisa , Takata Jiro
Published: August 2021

Topical application of vitamin K is beneficial in the treatment of various skin pathologies. However, its delivery to the skin is hampered by the photo-instability and phototoxicity of vitamin K (quinone form). Indeed, topical use of vitamin K is regulated in Europe owing to the photosensitive properties of this molecule. Here, we discuss the suitability of ester derivatives of vitamin K hydroquinone (VKH), the active form of vitamin K, for topical applications. Notably, VKH derivatives have the potential to overcome the photo-instability and phototoxicity problem of vitamin K and act as VKH prodrugs, as demonstrated in HaCaT human keratinocytes. Thus, VKH prodrug is a promising strategy for topical application of vitamin K without the need for special protection from light.
Ensuring Water Availability in Future through Revival of Indian Traditional Water Culture
Authors: Singh Yogranjan , Pandey Sathak , Kumar Goswami Amit
Published: August 2021

After the recurrent spells of weak monsoons, a big part of the country’s population, are affected by a severe drought obliging India to walk towards a water-stressed future. The drought has dried up wells and other water reservoirs already stressed by overuse resulting into crop failure to a reasonable extent of more than 60 per cent. The current water management systems particularly in rural areas are poorly equipped to deal with the issue in significant part because they do not promote distributed water collection, water conservation, and water reuse. Providentially, a combination of often forgotten traditional water practices and more recent innovations in water use and management can help resolve this growing water crisis. These include rainwater capture, water recycling and reuse, and innovative technologies to purify water. India’s history is witness to how well-planned cities of our ancient civilization were equipped with outstanding systems of water harvesting and drainage. These ancient structures synergized with well validated water practices were the strong support systems during the times when the modern infrastructural marvels did not exist, but they were more than efficient in managing the water resources even at the time. Today the traditional water practices and ancient but ignored water sources of the country are yearning to discharge the ancient traditions to revive the glorious history of their past for the dire need of the hour. If water strategists aim to spread the message of water conservation to the common people and want to ensure that every drop of water is conserved, then the proven and scientifically validated Indian traditional water culture will have to be revived. Coincidently, customary water bodies have always been subject of reverence for Indians, reviving these traditional water bodies by involving locals could be a strategy that every region needs to adopt. Stepping up these revival options will indispensably require change in legal and regulatory framework but will perceptibly offer policy makers a better chance to meet present demands and future needs in an increasingly water-constrained India.
Remarks on Wear Transitions Related to Hardness and Size of Abrasive Particles
Authors: Pintaude Giuseppe
Published: August 2021

Abrasive wear is highly dependent on the characteristics and properties of abrasive particles. Their hardness and size can define the severity of abrasion in terms of wear rates. Typically, critical values have been empirically determined to define the transition between mild and severe wear. This review aims to update some of the issues related to these critical values and their relations to abrasive wear. After presenting the current state-of-art, the following items are discussed: a) the scratchability of materials; b) the particle fragmentation associated with size effects; and c) description of abrasion severity.
Synthetic Gene Circuits for Antimicrobial Resistance and Cancer Research
Authors: S. Farquhar Kevin , Tyler Guinn Michael , Balázsi Gábor , A. Charlebois Daniel
Published: August 2021

Mathematical models and synthetic gene circuits are powerful tools to develop novel treatments for patients with drug-resistant infections and cancers. Mathematical modeling guides the rational design of synthetic gene circuits. These systems are then assembled into unified constructs from existing and/or modified genetic components from a range of organisms. In this chapter, we describe modeling tools for the design and characterization of chemical- and light-inducible synthetic gene circuits in different organisms and highlight how synthetic gene circuits are advancing biomedical research. Specifically, we demonstrate how these quantitative model systems are being used to study drug resistance in microbes and to probe the spatial–temporal dimensions of cancer in mammalian cells.
Nerve Transfers to Recover External Rotation of the Shoulder after Brachial Plexus Injuries in Adults
Authors: Goubier Jean-Noel , Echalier Camille , Dubois Elodie , Teboul Frédéric
Published: August 2021

Restoration of external rotation of the shoulder in adults with partial brachial plexus palsies is challenging. While nerve grafts are possible, nerve transfers are currently the most use method for satisfactory restoration of function. Numerous nerve transfers have been described, although the transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to the suprascapular nerve remains the gold standard. The suprascapular nerve and the nerve to the teres minor muscle are the two preferred targets to restore external rotation of the shoulder. There are numerous nerve donors, but their use obviously depends on the initial injury. The most common donors are the spinal accessory nerve, the rhomboid nerve, branches of the radial nerve, the C7 root fascicle or the ulnar nerve. The choice for the transfer depends on the available nerves and first of all on chosen approach, whether it be cervical or scapular. It also depends on the other associated reconstruction procedures, grafts, or nerve transfers for the recovery of other functions, specifically, elevation of the shoulder and flexion of the elbow. The objective of this chapter is to present the main nerve transfers and to propose a therapeutic strategy.
Determinants of Job Satisfaction of Accounting Professionals in Tunisia
Authors: Abdelmoula Lassaad , Boudabbous Sami
Published: August 2021

This study aims to identify the factors that affect the job satisfaction of professional accountants. It examines the relative effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on job satisfaction among accounting professionals. Our methodology was applied to 232 accounting professionals working in Tunisia. The methods of data analysis are principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple regression. The results show that intrinsic and extrinsic factors have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. However, promotion, growth and recognition do not have effect on job satisfaction.
Signal Propagation in Soil Medium: A Two Dimensional Finite Element Procedure
Authors: Kataka Banaseka Frank , Sarpong Adu-Manu Kofi , Yaw Koi-Akrofi Godfred , Aformaley Brown Selasie
Published: August 2021

A two-Dimensional Finite Element Method of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation through the soil is presented in this chapter. The chapter employs a boundary value problem (BVP) to solve the Helmholtz time-harmonic electromagnetic model. An infinitely large dielectric object of an arbitrary cross-section is considered for scattering from a dielectric medium and illuminated by an incident wave. Since the domain extends to infinity, an artificial boundary, a perfectly matched layer (PML) is used to truncate the computational domain. The incident field, the scattered field, and the total field in terms of the z-component are expressed for the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes. The radar cross-section (RCS), as a function of several other parameters, such as operating frequency, polarization, illumination angle, observation angle, geometry, and material properties of the medium, is computed to describe how a scatterer reflects an electromagnetic wave in a given direction. Simulation results obtained from MATLAB for the scattered field, the total field, and the radar cross-section are presented for three soil types – sand, loam, and clay.
Ciliates as Symbionts
Authors: Mayén-Estrada Rosaura , Júnio Pedroso Dias Roberto , Ramírez-Ballesteros Mireya , Rossi Mariana , Reyes-Santos Margarita , Alberto Durán-Ramírez Carlos , Cruz-Jiménez Gerardo
Published: August 2021

Although many ciliates are free-living, more than 140 families of ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) include symbiotic species of animals. Symbiosis, defined as an interaction between two species, is analyzed in this chapter to show a wide diversity of symbiotic systems in ciliates (epibiosis, commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism), providing some data about ciliate strategies showing their success as symbionts. Some species are free-living as well symbionts, facultative symbionts, and obligate symbionts. Analysis of reconstructions of ancestral state evidence that the parasitism arose numerous times and independently among the lineages of ciliates. At least three evolutionary routes can be traced: (1) transition from free-living to mutualism and parasitism, (2) transition from free-living to parasitism, and (3) regression from parasitism to free-living. The evolution of the symbiosis in ciliates demonstrates a higher diversification rate concerning free-living ciliates. The analysis of the evolution of the life cycles complexity, exploring molecular data of the phases of the ciliate cycle in their hosts is also essential. We propose new approaches for an integrative study of symbiotic ciliates.
Use of Quality Potato Seeds in Family Farming Systems in the Highlands Zones of Peru
Authors: Pinedo-Taco Rember , Rolando Egusquiza-Bayona Percy , Anderson-Berens Dylan
Published: August 2021

In the Andean region of Peru, the predominant production system for potatoes is family farming, oriented towards self-consumption, seed provision, and the sale of surplus production. Labor force activities for land preparation, sowing, maintenance, harvest and postharvest are under the responsibility of the family and eventually they hire farm laborers, when parcels are of a considerable size. Approximately 95% of the cultivated surface of potato crops is located in the high Andean zone, from 3000 to 4200 meters above sea level (masl), employing native varieties of tuber seeds and modern seeds introduced to production systems in the past 50 years. Potato systems in Peru, like the majority of underdeveloped countries, are characterized by the co-existence of formal and informal systems. Formal systems prioritize production and commercialization of seeds of just a few varieties positioned in modern markets which are regulated and accredited by a certification body according to the current legislation, while in the informal system the guarantee of seed quality falls under the responsibility of the very producers and users of those seeds.
Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: History, Current Technique, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Guran Ekin , Amabile Andrea , Torregrossa Gianluca
Published: August 2021

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting surgery is the most commonly performed and thoroughly examined adult cardiac surgery procedure in the world. Minimally invasive techniques which include Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Totally Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting have been helping to lessen the postoperative complications, pain, and length of stay, while enhancing postoperative quality of life of patients. However, practical application of these advanced procedures has yet to be broadly mastered for expanding the usage of minimally invasive robotic assisted techniques. This chapter describes the development and application of Minimally Invasive CABG procedures as well as the current knowledge and future perspectives on Robotic-Assisted CABG procedures.
Broad Efficacy of Scavenging Free Radicals: Cordyceps sp.
Authors: Deshmukh Loknath , Singh Rajendra , Singh Sandhu Sardul
Published: August 2021

Scavenging free radical potency of cordycepin is the major bioactive segment extricated from Cordyceps species. In some new years, Cordyceps has gotten growing thought inferable from its distinctive restorative/pharmacological tests. This assessment reviews continuous explores on the counter oxidant impacts and the associated analyses of Cordyceps species. The results from our review show that Cordyceps of the cordycepin applies protective effects against hostile to oxidant injury for certain, afflictions including constant obstructive pneumonic infection (COPD), hepatitis, asthma, cerebral paralysis, Parkinson’s illness (PD), coronary course sickness (CAD), Alzheimer illness, respiratory failure, malignancy infection, maturing, waterfalls, and mind brokenness. Cordyceps coordinates the NF-κB, RIP2/Caspase-1, Akt/GSK-3β/p70S6K, TGF-β/Smads, and Nrf2/HO-1 hailing pathways among others of cordycepin. A couple of assessments focusing in on Cordyceps auxiliaries were surveyed and found to down metabolic speed of Cordyceps and augmentation its bioavailability. In addition, cordycepin further developed opposition, prevented the duplication of viral RNA, and covered cytokine storms, therefore proposing its capacity to treat COVID-19 and other viral defilements. From the accumulated and assessed information, this article gives the speculative reason to the clinical usages of cordycepin and inspects the way for future assessments focusing in on expanding the restorative use of Cordyceps species. Cordycepin and its analogs show unfathomable potential as the accompanying new class of against oxidant specialists.
Nanostructuring Bi2Te3-Based Thermoelectric Thin-Films Grown Using Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Thi Cam Tuyen Le , Huu Le Phuoc , Jian Sheng-Rui
Published: August 2021

This book chapter reports recent advances in nanostructured Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric (TE) thin-films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). By controlling the processing conditions in PLD growths, various fascinating Bi2Te3-based nanostructured films with promising or enhanced TE properties have been successfully fabricated, including super-assembling of Bi2Te3 hierarchical nanostructures, self-assembled Bi2Te3 films with well-aligned 0D to 3D nanoblocks, polycrystalline-nanostructured Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 thin-films, etc. In addition, a PLD-growth mechanism for fabricating the super-assembling Bi2Te3 thin-films is presented. This book chapter provides fundamental understanding the relationship amongst processing condition, structure-morphology, and TE property of PLD-growths Bi2Te3-based thin-films. It also presents an overview of TE materials and applications with the challenges and perspectives.
Real-Time Sensory Information for Remote Supervision of Autonomous Agricultural Machines
Authors: D. Mann Daniel , Edet Uduak , Green Mitchell , Folorunsho Olayinka , Simundsson Avery , Ogidi Franklin
Published: August 2021

The concept of the driverless tractor has been discussed in the scientific literature for decades and several tractor manufacturers now have prototypes being field-tested. Although farmers will not be required to be physically present on these machines, it is envisioned that they will remain a part of the human-automation system. The overall efficiency and safety to be attained by autonomous agricultural machines (AAMs) will be correlated with the effectiveness of information sharing between the AAM and the farmer through what might be aptly called an automation interface. In this supervisory scenario, the farmer would be able to both receive status information and send instructions. In essence, supervisory control of an AAM is similar to the current scenario where farmers physically present on their machines obtain status information from displays integrated into the machine and from general sensory information that is available due to their proximity to the operating machine. Therefore, there is reason to expect that real-time sensory information would be valuable to the farmer when remotely supervising an AAM through an automation interface. This chapter will provide an overview of recent research that has been conducted on the role of real-time sensory information to the task of remotely supervising an AAM.
Description of four new species of the subgenus Tachycines (Gymnaeta) Adelung, 1902 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) from caves in China and additional notes on some previously known species
Authors: Zhu Qi-Di , Shi Fu-Ming
Published: August 2021

In this paper, four new cave-dwelling species of the subgenus Tachycines (Gymnaeta) from Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi are described, i.e., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) quadratus sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) shiziensis sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) sparsispinus sp. nov. and Tachycines (Gymnaeta) papilious sp. nov. The female of Tachycines (Gymnaeta) liboensis Zhu, Chen & Shi, 2020 is recorded for the first time. Moreover, images illustrating the morphology of the four new and three previously described species are provided.
Effects of adiponectin, plasma D-dimer, inflammation and tumor markers on clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Hui , Sun Lulu , Chen Lili , Kang Zhihui , Hao Guorong , Bai Fenglou
Published: August 2021

Background: To investigate the effects of adiponectin (ADPN), plasma D-dimer (D-D), inflammation, and tumour markers on clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. Methods: A total of 80 patients with ovarian cancer treated in our hospital from April 2017 to November 2019 were enrolled as study subjects and evenly divided into an observation group (patients with ovarian cancer) and a control group (patients with the benign ovarian tumour) based on the results of the postoperative pathological biopsy. The levels of ADPN, plasma D-D, inflammatory factors, and serum tumour markers carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) were compared between the two groups. The diagnostic value of serum tumour markers CA125, HE4, and ROMA in ovarian cancer was explored. The correlations of ROMA changes with the changes in the levels of ADPN, plasma D-D, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), CA125, and HE4 were analysed. Additionally, the related risk factors affecting the development of ovarian cancer were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: In comparison with the control group, the observation group exhibited a lowered ADPN level (p<0.05), notably raised levels of plasma D-D, inflammatory factors hs-CRP and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum tumour markers CA125 and HE4 and an evidently increased ROMA (p<0.05). Besides, the detection of serum ROMA showed the highest specificity and sensitivity and low false-positive rate and false-negative rate. The changes of ROMA were positively correlated with the changes in the levels of plasma D-D, hs-CRP, CA125, and HE4 (p<0.05) and negatively associated with the changes in ADPN level (p<0.05). The results of the univariate analysis showed that abnormal ADPN, D-D, hs-CRP, IL-6, CA125, and HE4 levels were related to risk factors affecting the development of ovarian cancer. It was found through multivariate logistic regression analysis that decreased ADPN level and increased D-D, hsCRP, IL-6, CA125, and HE4 levels were independent risk factors affecting the development of ovarian cancer. Conclusions: In the case of ovarian cancer, the ADPN level declines, while the levels of plasma D-D, inflammatory factors, and serum tumour markers CA125, HE4, and ROMA rise obviously. Besides, the ROMA level displays a positive relation to the content of CA125, HE4, plasma D-D, and inflammatory factors and a negative association with the ADPN level.
The role of different exercises in irisin, heat shock protein 70 and some biochemical parameters
Authors: Akbulut Taner , Cinar Vedat , Aydin Suleyman , Yardim Meltem
Published: August 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of different and regularly applied exercise programs on irisin, heat shock protein 70 and some biochemical parameters. Methods: 120 male university students participated in the study. Participants were divided into 4 equal groups as control (C), resistance exercise group (RE), high intensity interval (HIIT) and aerobic exercise group (AE). While the control group did not perform any exercise, the pre-determined exercise programs were applied to the other groups for 8 weeks and 3 days in a week. Blood samples were taken from all participants before and after the exercise program. Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), Creatine kinase (CK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Irisin and Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels were analyzed in blood samples. Results: It is determined that there are significant differences in pre-posttest values of the AE group's LDH, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TG and HSP 70 levels, HIIT group's CK, LDH, Cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TG, Irisin and HSP70 levels and RE group's CK, LDH, Cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TG and Irisin levels (p<0.05). Conclusions: It can be said that exercise can provide improvements in lipid profile, changes in HSP70 levels may vary depending on muscle damage, the increase of irisin due to exercise.
A Reflection on Arts‐Based Research
Authors: Forrest Michelle
Published: August 2021

Concerns are raised regarding the place of the arts in education, specifically as they are used in the social science context of educational research under the title ‘arts-based research’. An examination of Elliot Eisner’s claim that art is research concludes that, though the arts may be used for display, data, or heuristic in educational research, they are not being recognised for their distinctive characteristics. John White’s critique of the theory of multiple intelligences is revisited to mitigate common claims for the arts based upon Gardner. Given the dominance of scientism in today’s research climate, it is argued that the arts should take their rightful place to balance research in its quest for certainty; that they be the antagonist mode of thought called for by John Stuart Mill.
Ce que la peur fait à l’engagement féministe
Authors: Blais Mélissa
Published: August 2021

Alors qu’on associe généralement la peur à des réflexes tels que la fuite, l’inhibition ou la démobilisation lorsqu’il est question de militantisme, cet article examine comment cette émotion peut parfois stimuler l’engagement de militantes féministes. Située au croisement des approches « actionnistes » (Bernard, 2017) des émotions, de la sociologie des mouvements sociaux et de la sociologie féministe, la discussion proposée s’inspire de 87 entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés entre 2006 et 2015 à travers le Québec, et d’une comparaison entre les milieux féministes suisses romands et québécois grâce aux 31 entretiens réalisés en 2018 et 2019 dans ces deux régions. En tenant compte des niveaux macro, méso et micro de l’analyse, l’article interroge les effets contrastés de la peur sur l’engagement féministe selon le positionnement des actrices dans les rapports sociaux de race, de classe et de sexualité, mais aussi selon les origines de la peur (intra ou extra mouvement), son degré d’intensité, ses interactions avec d’autres émotions (dont la colère) et le travail émotionnel (Hochschild, 2012) des féministes interrogées. L’article brosse ainsi un portrait des causes de la peur chez les féministes pour ensuite analyser les séquences émotionnelles les plus récurrentes en vue de mettre en relief diverses combinaisons émotionnelles et leurs effets sur l’engagement des féministes.
« Par nous, pour nous »
Authors: Picot Pauline
Published: August 2021

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique par observations et entretiens auprès de plusieurs collectifs antiracistes franciliens formés à partir de 2005, cet article examine les processus de production du « Nous » dans l’action collective. Il s’agit notamment de prendre au sérieux les processus émotionnels, dans une double perspective de sociologie de l’action collective et des rapports sociaux. On montre d’abord le lien entre engagement, sentiment d’injustice et colère face au racisme dans les trajectoires individuelles, lorsque la rencontre avec un cadre collectif permet de transformer cette colère en capacité d’agir. On analyse ensuite la dimension émotionnelle et relationnelle du travail militant, c’est-à-dire l’ensemble des pratiques qui produisent de l’appartenance « pour soi » pour les participant·e·s, dans une logique de communalisation et de subjectivation politique qui dépasse les assignations raciales.
Les empreintes singulières des émotions premières des élus locaux
Authors: Faure Alain
Published: August 2021

La réflexion s’appuie sur une série d’enquêtes par entretiens menées en France, en Italie et au Japon, concernant le récit par les élus locaux des émotions politiques qu’ils ont éprouvées avant d’exercer le pouvoir. Une revue de littérature sur ladémocratie des émotionspermet de souligner que, malgré une grande diversité d’avancées en matière de spécialisation des connaissances, de diversification des objets d’étude et d’hybridation des questionnements, peu de passerelles sont proposées pour éclairer les émotions fondatrices des élus et l’effet de ces dispositifs d’enthousiasme sur leur engagement politique. La première partie détaille deux résultats de recherche : d’une part, la récurrence de souvenirs s’apparentant à dessanglots enfouis(des émotions intériorisées liées à des blessures familiales, des fragilités affectives et la capacité précoce d’empathie relationnelle et de perception des injustices du monde) ; d’autre part, la formulation d’émois fondateursressentis lors des premières expériences de compétition électorale (sur les trois registres de l’euphorie, de la confiance et de l’attachement à des lieux). La seconde partie analyse ces données au regard des champs de connaissance sur l’engagement politique et l’exercice du pouvoir. L’auteur défend à titre exploratoire une approche mobilisant les notions d’égo-politique et de démocratie sensible pour comprendre le rôle de ces émotions premières dans l’exercice du pouvoir en matière de médiation, d’éligibilité et d’individualisation. La réflexion se conclut par une ouverture sur les protocoles de recherche qui intègrent des introspections autobiographiques et littéraires.
ZŁOTO W POTOKACH I PEGMATYCIE Z REJONU STRZELINA
Authors:   Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Oddział Górnośląski, ul. Królowej Jadwigi 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Markowiak Marek , Lasoń Krzysztof ,   Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Oddział Górnośląski, ul. Królowej Jadwigi 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec
Published: August 2021

Wykonano badania próbek szlichowych z potoków w czterech rejonach morawsko-śląskiej strefy tektonicznej: Wzgórz Strzelińskich (5 szlichów), Piotrowic Polskich (9 szlichów), Kamiennej Góry (4 szlichy) i w celach porównawczych w rejonie Głuchołaz (7 szlichów). Dokonano mikroskopowej analizy mineralogicznej i oceny stopnia obtoczenia minerałów występujących w badanych próbkach. W próbkach z badanych potoków występuje złoto w ilościach od 0 do 16 ziaren w 10 l aluwiów. Złoto we współczesnych aluwiach z rejonów Wzgórz Strzelińskich, Piotrowic Polskich i Kamiennej Góry jest bardzo drobnoziarniste i nie tworzy koncentracji istotnych pod względem ekonomicznym. W pegmatycie z kamieniołomu granitu w Kamiennej Górze stwierdzono obecność elektrum, co sugeruje możliwość występowania mineralizacji Au w górnych, usuniętych przez erozję, partiach intruzji.