bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The moderating effects of environmental and regulatory quality on financial development to promote sustainable FDI inflows in Canada
Authors: Hasan Mohammed Kamrul , Badhon Ori Ahmad , Alom Khairul , Salahuddin Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Stimulating sustainable FDI through the connection of financial development and its moderating relationships with environmental quality and regulatory quality emerges as a crucial agenda nowadays. This study investigates into this relationship using quarterly data from 1990Q1 to 2022Q4 for Canada; employing ARDL bound tests, Granger Causality, and FM-OLS econometric models. Foreign direct investment is the dependent variable of this study. The findings confirm significant long-run relationships among financial development, stock market development, and the moderating effects of environmental and regulatory quality on FDI inflows in the Canadian economy. Conversely, in the short run, financial development, stock market development, and economic growth exhibit bidirectional causal links with FDI, while environmental quality, regulatory quality, and trade openness demonstrate unidirectional causal links with FDI. The error correction mechanism indicates that all variables quickly return to equilibrium except trade openness. Robustness checks further confirm that all the variables have fully modified co-integrating relationship with FDI inflows including the moderating effects of environmental and regulatory quality which is the innovation in the FDI-Growth existing literature. Thus, policymakers are urged to prioritize environmental quality and regulatory quality, alongside other significant explanatory variables identified in this study to promote sustainable FDI inflows.
The role of open enterprises in overcoming the Middle-Technology Trap
Authors: Xu Lanmeng
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to unveil the role of openness in fostering enterprises to achieve technological progress. By conducting a comparative analysis of Chinese and Western companies’ supply chain strategies in the internet and new energy industries, the article finds that American enterprises have a higher level of supply chain openness than Chinese enterprises in both two industries. Based on the case analysis, that paper argues that openness plays a vital role in promoting technological innovation in enterprises. The profound influence of openness in promoting technological advancement may be observed through three aspects: openness at the technical level, openness in attracting talent, and openness in facilitating the development of rules and regulations. Accordingly, suggestions are proposed to assist Chinese enterprises in avoiding the “Middle-Technology Trap” through openness on the basis of legislation and public policy intervention. Meanwhile, the Chinese government is suggested to promote national coordination to establish a national unified market to realize the three levels of openness of the supply chain and industrial chain strategies: enterprise-level, domestic regional level, and international level.
Embedding Sustainability across a Teacher Education Course: Teacher Educator Experiences
Authors: Beasy Kim , Richey Stephanie , Brandsema Jillian , To Vinh
Published: October 2024

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) remains an urgent priority to combat the numerous social, environmental and political crises prominent in the 21st century. This article shares the experiences of teacher educators who integrated ESD into discipline-specific units of study for pre-service teachers. Using a collaborative auto-ethnographic approach, we explore how curriculum change for ESD was navigated and discuss how institutional support was essential for providing legitimacy and necessary resources. Drawing on Noddings’ approach to ethics of care, we emphasise the significance of valuing the perspectives and experiences of stakeholders involved in curriculum change and advocate for inclusive and responsive approaches that engage individuals meaningfully throughout the process.
Incidence and variability in receipt of phenotype-desirable antimicrobial therapy for Enterobacterales bloodstream infections among hospitalized United States patients
Authors: Moon Rena C. , MacVane Shawn H. , David Joy , Morton Jacob B. , Rosenthal Ning , Claeys Kimberly C.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Using a large, geographically diverse, hospital-based database in the United States (Premier PINC AI Healthcare Database), we aimed to describe the proportion and characteristics of patients receiving phenotype-desirable antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) among those hospitalized with Enterobacterales bloodstream infections.

Methods:

Adult patients with an admission between January 1, 2017 and June 30, 2022 with ≥1 blood culture positive for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis and receiving an empiric antibiotic therapy on blood culture collection (BCC) Days 0 or 1 were included. Receiving PDAT (defined as receipt of any antimicrobial categorized as “desirable” for the respective phenotype) on BCC Days 0−2 was defined as receiving early PDAT.

Results:

Among 35,880 eligible patients, the proportion of patients receiving PDAT increased (from 6.8% to 22.8%) from BCC Day 0−4. Patients who received PDAT (8,193, 22.8%) were more likely to visit large (500 + beds, 36% vs 31%), teaching (45% vs 39%), and urban (85% vs 82%) hospitals in the Northeast (22% vs 13%) compared to patients not receiving PDAT (all P <. 01). Among patients receiving PDAT, 61.4% (n = 5,033) received it early; they had a lower mean comorbidity score (3.2 vs 3.6), were less likely to have severe or extreme severity of illness (71% vs 79%), and were less likely to have a pathogen susceptible to narrow-spectrum β-lactams (31% vs 71%) compared to patients in the delayed PDAT group (all P < .01).

Conclusions:

The proportion of patients receiving desirable therapy increased between BCC Day 0 and 4. Receipts of PDAT and early PDAT were associated with hospital, clinical, and pathogen characteristics.
Living the good life? A systematic review of behavioural signs of affective state in the domestic horse (Equus caballus) and factors relating to quality of life. Part 2: Horse-human interactions
Authors: Hall Carol , Kay Rachel
Published: October 2024

Quality of life is dependent upon the extent to which behavioural needs are met, and the balance between pleasant and unpleasant lifetime experiences. In Part II of this systematic review, articles (n = 109) relating to horse-human interactions were reviewed to identify behavioural evidence of their positive or negative impact on the horse. The number of articles (n = 22) relating to the recognition of pain in horses, indicated the importance of identifying health issues, which are also likely to increase the aversiveness of interactions. These and articles relating to emotional reactivity testing in horses (n = 19), the behaviour of horses during handling and management procedures (n = 17), behaviour of the horse when ridden (n = 17), non-procedural horse-human interactions (n = 13), horse behaviour during transportation (n = 12) and behaviour during training other than when ridden (n = 9) were reviewed. During most interactions, horse behaviour is controlled and/or restricted by the human, masking negative or positive signs, and may be confounded by factors including fear and individual differences. In situations involving freedom of movement, positive experiences of horses with humans were associated with approach behaviour, negative ones with avoidance, but training could affect both. Undoubtedly, change is needed to reduce the extent to which interactions with humans are unpleasant for the horse. Only when the needs of the horse are fulfilled and interactions with humans are predominantly pleasurable will their quality of life improve.
A critical stateμ(I)-rheology model for cohesive granular flows
Authors: Blatny L. , Gray J.M.N.T. , Gaume J.
Published: October 2024

The dynamic behaviour of granular media can be observed widely in nature and in many industrial processes. Yet, the modelling of such media remains challenging as they may act with solid-like and fluid-like properties depending on the rate of the flow and can display a varying apparent friction, cohesion and compressibility. Over the last two decades, the$\mu (I)$-rheology has become well established for modelling granular liquids in a fluid mechanics framework where the apparent friction$\mu$depends on the inertial number$I$. In the geo-mechanics community, modelling the deformation of granular solids typically relies on concepts from critical state soil mechanics. Along the lines of recent attempts to combine critical state and the$\mu (I)$-rheology, we develop a continuum model based on modified cam-clay in an elastoplastic framework which recovers the$\mu (I)$-rheology under flow. This model permits a treatment of plastic compressibility in systems with or without cohesion, where the cohesion is assumed to be the result of persistent inter-granular attractive forces. Implemented in a two- and three-dimensional material point method, it allows for the trivial treatment of the free surface. The proposed model approximately reproduces analytical solutions of steady-state cohesionless flow and is further compared with previous cohesive and cohesionless experiments. In particular, satisfactory agreements with several experiments of granular collapse are demonstrated, albeit with shear bands which can affect the smoothness of the surface. Finally, the model is able to qualitatively reproduce the multiple steady-state solutions of granular flow recently observed in experiments of flow over obstacles.
Effect of shoaling length on rogue wave occurrence
Authors: Zhang Jie , Mendes Saulo , Benoit Michel , Kasparian Jérôme
Published: October 2024

The impact of shoaling on linear water waves is well known, but it has only been recently found to significantly amplify both the intensity and frequency of rogue waves in nonlinear irregular wave trains atop coastal shoals. At least qualitatively, this effect has been partially attributed to the ‘rapid’ nature of the shoaling process, i.e. shoaling occurs over a distance far shorter than that required for waves to modulate themselves and adapt to the reduced water depth. Through a theoretical model and highly accurate nonlinear simulations, we disentangle the respective effects of the length and angle of a shoal's slope. We investigate the effects of the shoaling process rapidness on the evolution of key statistical and spectral sea-state parameters. We let the wave field evolve over a slope with constant angle in all cases while we vary the slope length. Our results indicate that the non-equilibrium dynamics is not affected by the slope length, because further extending the slope length does not influence the magnitude of the statistical and spectral measures as long as the non-equilibrium dynamics dominates the wave evolution. Thus, the shoaling effect on rogue waves is deduced to be mainly driven by the slope magnitude rather than the slope length.
ASSESSING A MODIFIED CARBONATE DIGESTION PROTOCOL FOR INCREASED CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY DURING CREMATED BONE PRETREATMENT
Authors: Giannì Maddalena , Griffiths Seren , Wood Rachel , Chivall David
Published: October 2024

Cremated bones are a commonly preserved material and often found in burial environments where unburned bone may not be preserved. As such direct radiocarbon dating of cremated bone could be essential in determining the chronology of an event. Pretreatment of cremated bone exploits the structural carbonate component of the bone which survives cremation. However, due to the low abundance (ca. 0.1%) of this component, the extraction of an amount of endogenous carbon sufficient for radiocarbon dating may represent a challenge. Here we investigate two modifications to the phosphoric acid digestion protocol used during the preparation of cremated bones at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU). The first of these was to use ultrasonication to release evolved CO2 from the viscous phosphoric acid and cremated bone mixture that is formed during digestion. The second was to double the amount of time during which evolved CO2 was removed from the reaction vessel by transfer into a cryogenically cooled ampoule. Ultrasonication of the digestion mixture failed to produce a significantly higher carbon yield, while double-time collection resulted in an average 21.5±13.8% increase of C yield without affecting the measured age. Extending the collection time can better enable reliable dating of small (less than 1 g) samples.
A REIDEMEISTER THEOREM FOR SOLID RIBBON TORUS LINKS
Authors: DANCSO ZSUZSANNA , MALLIARAS GAVRIELATOS THOMAS
Published: October 2024

A complete Reidemeister characterisation of welded links is a long-standing open problem. We present a Reidemeister theorem for a related class of four-dimensional links: solid ribbon torus links, that is, immersed solid tori in

$\mathbb {R}^4$

with only ribbon singularities, considered up to generalised ribbon isotopy.
Honesty repeats itself: comparing manual and automated coding on the veracity cues total details and redundancy
Authors: Deeb Haneen , Vrij Aldert , Palena Nicola , Hypšová Petra , Dib Gerges , Leal Sharon , Mann Samantha
Published: October 2024

Lie detection research comparing manual and automated coding of linguistic cues is limited. In Experiment 1, we attempted to extend this line of research by directly comparing the veracity differences in manual coding and two coding software programs (Text Inspector and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count [LIWC]) on the linguistic cue “total details” across eight published datasets. Mixed model analyses revealed that LIWC showed larger veracity differences in total details than Text Inspector and manual coding. Follow-up classification analyses showed that both automated coding and manual coding could accurately classify honest and false accounts. In Experiment 2, we examined if LIWC’s sensitivity to veracity differences was the result of honest accounts including more redundant (repeated) words than false accounts as LIWC—but not Text Inspector or manual coding—accounts for redundancy. Our prediction was supported, and the most redundant words were function words. The results implicated that automated coding can detect veracity differences in total details and redundancy, but it is not necessarily better than manual coding at accurately classifying honest and false accounts.
Control and locomotion of tensegrity robots through manipulation of the center of mass
Authors: Layer Brett David , Denning Harrison , Hill Jeffrey R.
Published: October 2024

This paper provides the methodology used to simulate and control an icosahedral tensegrity structure augmented with movable masses attached to each bar to provide a means of locomotion. The center of mass of the system can be changed by moving the masses along the length of each of the bars that compose the structure. Moving the masses changes the moments created by gravitational force, allowing for the structure to roll. With this methodology in mind, a controller was created to move the masses to the desired locations to cause such a roll. As shown later in this paper, such a methodology, assuming the movable masses have the required mass, allows for full control of the system using a quasi-static controller created specifically for this system. This system has advantages over traditional tensegrity controllers because it retains its shape and is designed for high-shock scenarios.
A Schumpeterian exploration of Gini and top/bottom income shares
Authors: Haruyama Tetsugen
Published: October 2024

Data show that an increase in the Gini coefficient is associated with a falling bottom

$p_{B}$

% income share and an increasing top

$p_{T}$

% income share where, for example

$p_{B}$

= 40 and

$p_{T}$

= 1. This relationship, which we call the

$X$

inequality relationship, is pervasive in the sense that it is observed in many countries, including the US, the UK, France and others. The purpose of this paper is (i) to construct a Schumpeterian growth model to explain the relationship, and (ii) to identify/quantify factors behind it via calibration of the US economy. Our model gives rise to a double-Pareto distribution of income as a result of entrant and incumbent innovations. Its advantage is that it allows us to develop iso-Gini loci and iso-income share schedules in a tractable way. Using a double-Pareto distribution as an approximation of an underlying income distribution, calibration analysis reveals that a declining business dynamism and fiscal policy changes in the past decades played a significant role in generating the

$X$

inequality relationship in the US.
The dynamics of organic farming conversion in groundwater management
Authors: Iannucci Gianluca , Pereau Jean-Christophe
Published: October 2024

This article analyses the endogenous choice of farmers to be organic or conventional in a groundwater evolutionary model when a tax on fertiliser on conventional farmers is implemented by a regulatory agency. The analysis of the model shows that the coexistence of both type of farmers only occurs when the decrease in productivity due to organic production is relatively low and the price premium for organic products is relatively high. However, even if conversion is welfare improving, our results show that this conversion may be done at the expense of the water resource with a lower water table. An application to the Western la Mancha aquifer (Spain) illustrates the main results.
Development and cognitive testing of a food-frequency questionnaire to assess intake of plant-based protein foods among older adults
Authors: Drolet-Labelle Virginie , Bédard Alexandra , Lemieux Simone , Drapeau Vicky , Vanderlee Lana , Laurin Danielle , Desroches Sophie
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

To develop a web-based food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) measuring intake of plant-based protein foods (PBP) among older adults from the province of Quebec, Canada.

Design:

The questionnaire was adapted from an existing self-administered FFQ and first underwent expert panel evaluation for face and content validity. Then, three phases of cognitive testing were conducted in French, using the probe and think aloud approaches. Between each phase, the questionnaire was modified based on participants’ feedback to improve the clarity and comprehension of the questions.

Setting:

Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.

Participants:

Twenty adults aged 65 years and older participated. Purposive sampling was used to maximise variation in sociodemographic characteristics, including gender, age, education level and PBP consumption.

Results:

The expert panel found the twenty-eight-item questionnaire to be a comprehensive measure of PBP intake and suggested minor changes to improve its clarity. The cognitive interviews showed that our PBP-FFQ was generally well understood and identified issues requiring modifications to improve comprehension and accuracy.

Discussion:

Our FFQ provides a comprehensive measure of PBP intake, is well understood by older adults in Québec and will support rigorous assessment of PBP intake in this population but requires further validation to confirm its validity and reproducibility.
The Relaxed Tutorial Project: distance learning and anxiety in Classical Studies
Authors: Fraser Cora Beth , Yamagata Naoko , Mac Mahon Ardle
Published: October 2024

‘Relaxed’ events are now common across the public Arts and Heritage sectors. Although designed with the needs of autistic children and their families in mind, they suit people with a range of access needs. Our project at The Open University asked: what would a ‘relaxed tutorial’ look like, and who might benefit from it? Across two years (2021–2023), tutors in the Department of Classical Studies at The Open University trialled a set of autism-friendly accessibility adjustments to live online tutorials for distance learners on a Roman History module. We found that relaxed tutorials were welcomed by students with anxiety disorders, caring responsibilities, chronic conditions and low confidence, as well as by autistic students. Since the project was concluded in 2023, relaxed tutorials have been rolled out across further Classical Studies modules at The Open University. Their principles and structure offer a new way of looking at accessibility adjustments which could be adapted to other teaching contexts and levels.
Mapping predicted biomass in cereal rye using 3D imaging and geostatistics
Authors: Dobbs April M. , Goldsmith Avi S. , Ginn Daniel , Skovsen Søren Kelstrup , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V. , Mirsky Steven B. , Reberg-Horton Chris S. , Leon Ramon G.
Published: October 2024

Cover crops are becoming an increasingly important tool for weed suppression. Biomass production in cover crops is one of the most important predictors of weed suppressive ability. A significant challenge for growers is that cover crop growth can be patchy within fields, making biomass estimation difficult. This study tested ground-based structure-from-motion (SfM) for estimating and mapping cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) biomass. SfM generated 3D point clouds from red, green, and blue (RGB) videos collected by a handheld GoPro camera over five fields in North Carolina during the 2022 to 2023 winter season. A model for predicting biomass was generated by relating measured biomass at termination using a density–height index (DH) from point cloud pixel density multiplied by crop height. Overall biomass ranged from 320 to 9,200 kg ha−1, and crop height ranged from 10 to 120 cm. Measured biomass at termination was linearly related to DH (r2 = 0.813) through levels of 9,000 kg ha−1. Based on independent data validation, predicted biomass and measured biomass were linearly related (r2 = 0.713). In the field maps generated by kriging, measured biomass data were autocorrelated at a range of 5.4 to 42.2 m, and predicted biomass data were autocorrelated at a range of 3.4 to 12.0 m. However, the spatial arrangement of high- and low-performing areas was similar for predicted and measured biomass, particularly in fields with greatest patchiness and spatial correlation in biomass values. This study provides proof-of-concept that ground-based SfM can potentially be used to nondestructively estimate and map cover crop biomass production and identify low-performing areas at higher risk for weed pressure and escapes.
Profile and extent of herbicide-resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) in Minnesota
Authors: Singh Navjot , Peters Thomas J. , Miller Ryan P. , Naeve Seth L. , Sarangi Debalin
Published: October 2024

Information regarding the prevalence and distribution of herbicide-resistant waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer] in Minnesota is limited. Whole-plant bioassays were conducted in the greenhouse on 90 A. tuberculatus populations collected from 47 counties in Minnesota. Eight postemergence herbicides, 2,4-D, atrazine, dicamba, fomesafen, glufosinate, glyphosate, imazamox, and mesotrione, were applied at 1× and 3× the labeled doses. Based on their responses, populations were classified into highly resistant (≥40 % survival at 3× the labeled dose), moderately resistant (<40% survival at 3× the labeled dose but ≥40% survival at 1× the labeled dose), less sensitive (10% to 39% survival at 1× the labeled dose), and susceptible (<10% survival at 1× the labeled dose) categories. All 90 populations were resistant to imazamox, while 89% were resistant to glyphosate. Atrazine, fomesafen, and mesotrione resistance was observed in 47%, 31%, and 22% of all populations, respectively. Ten percent of the populations were resistant to 2,4-D, and 2 of 90 populations exhibited >40% survival following dicamba application at the labeled dose. No population was confirmed to be resistant to glufosinate. However, 22% of all populations were classified as less sensitive to glufosinate. Eighty-two populations were found to be multiple-herbicide resistant. Among these, 15 populations exhibited resistance to four different herbicide sites of action (SOAs); 7 and 4 populations were resistant to five and six SOAs, respectively. All six-way-resistant populations were from southwest Minnesota. Two populations, one from Lincoln County and the other from Lyon County, were resistant to 2,4-D, atrazine, dicamba, fomesafen, glyphosate, imazamox, and mesotrione, leaving only glufosinate as a postemergence control option for these populations in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Diversified management tactics, including nonchemical control measures along with herbicide applications from effective SOAs, should be implemented to slow down the evolution and spread of herbicide-resistant A. tuberculatus populations.
Unveiling the Relationship Between Mediterranean Tropical‐Like Cyclones and Rising Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Avolio E. , Fanelli C. , Pisano A. , Miglietta M. M.
Published: October 2024

Leveraging the Copernicus high‐resolution multi‐year Mediterranean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) dataset, 15 selected tropical‐like cyclones (TLCs) are analyzed with the objective of elucidating the anomalies of SST at the time of cyclogenesis and the connection between the change in SST during the cyclone lifetime and its characteristics. The long‐term SST increase associated with climate change is identified by comparing detrended and original anomalies. Detrending removes the effect of the intensification of SST anomaly over time, revealing that no significant anomalies generally emerge in the early stages of the TLC lifetimes. Conversely, winter events exhibit early‐stage positive SST anomalies. Also, high SST values were observed during the intensification of the most intense cyclones. A cold SST anomaly is left after the passage of the cyclones, due to the intense sea surface fluxes extracting heat from the sea.
Differential Delay of Ordinary and Extraordinary Modes of Transionospheric Radio Waves
Authors: Pandey Kuldeep , Kalafatoglu Eyiguler E. Ceren , Gillies Robert G. , Danskin Donald W. , Billett Daniel D. , Yau Andrew W. , Hussey Glenn C.
Published: October 2024

The terrestrial ionosphere is a birefringent medium that allows radio waves to propagate in two modes: the ordinary (O‐mode) and the extraordinary (X‐mode). A difference in the index of refraction of the two modes results in differential delay (mode delay) between the O‐ and X‐modes of radio waves propagating through the ionosphere. Mode delays of transionospheric high frequency radio waves are determined using the Radio Receiver Instrument (RRI) onboard the Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e‐POP) on the CASSIOPE/Swarm‐E satellite. Experiments between RRI and the SuperDARN radar at Saskatoon, Canada show large variabilities in mode delays. The mode delays are nearly constant in some experiments but other experiments have large variations. The mode delay observations could not be explained by the distance between the e‐POP satellite and the radar, the foF2 values along the satellite track, nor whether the satellite track was across or along a SuperDARN radar beam. A combination of RRI observations and ray‐trace modeling are used to investigate the mode delay of transionospheric radio waves.
Structured light analogy of quantum squeezed states
Authors: Wang Zhaoyang , Zhan Ziyu , Vetlugin Anton N. , Ou Jun-Yu , Liu Qiang , Shen Yijie , Fu Xing
Published: October 2024

Quantum optics has advanced our understanding of the nature of light and enabled applications far beyond what is possible with classical light. The unique capabilities of quantum light have inspired the migration of some conceptual ideas to the realm of classical optics, focusing on replicating and exploiting non-trivial quantum states of discrete-variable systems. Here, we further develop this paradigm by building the analogy of quantum squeezed states using classical structured light. We have found that the mechanism of squeezing, responsible for beating the standard quantum limit in quantum optics, allows for overcoming the “standard spatial limit” in classical optics: the light beam can be “squeezed” along one of the transverse directions in real space (at the expense of its enlargement along the orthogonal direction), where its width becomes smaller than that of the corresponding fundamental Gaussian mode. We show that classical squeezing enables nearly sub-diffraction and superoscillatory light focusing, which is also accompanied by the nanoscale phase gradient of the size in the order of λ/100 (λ/1000), demonstrated in the experiment (simulations). Crucially, the squeezing mechanism allows for continuous tuning of both features by varying the squeezing parameter, thus providing distinctive flexibility for optical microscopy and metrology beyond the diffraction limit and suggesting further exploration of classical analogies of quantum effects.
Spatial analysis by current multiplexed imaging technologies for the molecular characterisation of cancer tissues
Authors: Semba Takashi , Ishimoto Takatsugu
Published: October 2024

Tumours are composed of tumour cells and the surrounding tumour microenvironment (TME), and the molecular characterisation of the various elements of the TME and their interactions is essential for elucidating the mechanisms of tumour progression and developing better therapeutic strategies. Multiplex imaging is a technique that can quantify the expression of multiple protein markers on the same tissue section while maintaining spatial positioning, and this method has been rapidly developed in cancer research in recent years. Many multiplex imaging technologies and spatial analysis methods are emerging, and the elucidation of their principles and features is essential. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest multiplex imaging techniques by type of imaging and staining method and an introduction to image analysis methods, primarily focusing on spatial cellular properties, providing deeper insight into tumour organisation and spatial molecular biology in the TME.
Near-petahertz fieldoscopy of liquid
Authors: Srivastava Anchit , Herbst Andreas , Bidhendi Mahdi M. , Kieker Max , Tani Francesco , Fattahi Hanieh
Published: October 2024

Measuring transient optical fields is pivotal not only for understanding ultrafast phenomena but also for the quantitative detection of various molecular species in a sample. Here we demonstrate near-petahertz electric field detection of a few femtosecond pulses with 200 attosecond temporal resolution and subfemtojoule detection sensitivity. By field-resolved detection of the impulsively excited molecules in the liquid phase, termed femtosecond fieldoscopy, we demonstrate temporal isolation of the response of the target molecules from those of the environment and the excitation pulse. In a proof-of-concept analysis of aqueous and liquid samples, we demonstrate field-sensitive detection of combination bands of 4.13 μmol ethanol for the first time. This method expands the scope of aqueous sample analysis to higher detection sensitivity and dynamic range, while the simultaneous direct measurements of phase and intensity information pave the path towards high-resolution biological spectro-microscopy.
Influence of different sample preparation approaches on proteoform identification by top-down proteomics
Authors: Kaulich Philipp T. , Jeong Kyowon , Kohlbacher Oliver , Tholey Andreas
Published: October 2024

Top-down proteomics using mass spectrometry facilitates the identification of intact proteoforms, that is, all molecular forms of proteins. Multiple past advances have lead to the development of numerous sample preparation workflows. Here we systematically investigated the influence of different sample preparation steps on proteoform and protein identifications, including cell lysis, reduction and alkylation, proteoform enrichment, purification and fractionation. We found that all steps in sample preparation influence the subset of proteoforms identified (for example, their number, confidence, physicochemical properties and artificially generated modifications). The various sample preparation strategies resulted in complementary identifications, substantially increasing the proteome coverage. Overall, we identified 13,975 proteoforms from 2,720 proteins of human Caco-2 cells. The results presented can serve as suggestions for designing and adapting top-down proteomics sample preparation strategies to particular research questions. Moreover, we expect that the sampling bias and modifications identified at the intact protein level will also be useful in improving bottom-up proteomics approaches.
Progress and challenges in structural, in situ and operando characterization of single-atom catalysts by X-ray based synchrotron radiation techniques
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Su Xiaozhi , Ding Jie , Zhou Jing , Liu Zhen , Wei Xiangjun , Yang Hong Bin , Liu Bin
Published: October 2024

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) represent the ultimate size limit of nanoscale catalysts, combining the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.
Aminophosphonium organocatalysts for the ring-opening copolymerisation of epoxide and cyclic anhydride
Authors: Clark Ella F. , Dunstan Estelle , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Buchard Antoine
Published: October 2024

The Kirsanov reaction has been used to synthesise air stable, efficient and selective bifunctional aminophosphonium catalysts for the alternating ring-opening copolymerisation (ROCOP) of CHO/PA without the need for a co-initiator.
Highly sequence-specific, timing-controllable m6A demethylation by modulating RNA-binding affinity of m6A erasers
Authors: Otonari Kenko , Asami Yuri , Ogata Kosuke , Ishihama Yasushi , Futaki Shiroh , Imanishi Miki
Published: October 2024

The modulated m6A-erasers with reduced RNA-binding ability achieved demethylation of m6A in sequence-specific and timing-controlled manners with minimal off-target effects.
Ligand solid-solution tuning of magnetic and mechanical properties of the van der Waals metal–organic magnet NiCl2(btd)1−x(bod)x
Authors: Myatt Emily , Lata Simrun , Pitcairn Jem , Daisenberger Dominik , Kronawitter Silva M. , Hallweger Sebastian A. , Kieslich Gregor , Argent Stephen P. , Tidey Jeremiah P. , Cliffe Matthew J.
Published: October 2024

Ligand solid-solutions were used to tune the magnetic and mechanical properties of a van der Waals metal–organic magnet.
Universal synthesis of pure-phase IB-group Sn-based alloys with modulable electrocatalytic CO2 reduction products
Authors: Yang Luyao , Zhang Wenqing , Lv Ximei , Zhao Qianqian , Liu Xiaojing , Zhao Shulin , Chen Yuhui
Published: October 2024

A universal method for synthesizing a range of pure-phase IB-group Sn-based alloy catalysts (Cu3Sn, Ag4Sn, and AuSn) for electrochemical reduction of CO2.
New metallic ice phase under high pressure
Authors: Huang Yingying , Zhu Liuyuan , Li Hanlin , Fang Haiping , Chen Ruoyang , Sheng Shiqi
Published: October 2024

Novel NaO2-Pa3 ice with cubic structure and face-centered cubic sublattice exhibits metallic property, owing to the electron orbital coupling of oxygen atoms in close proximity.
Double-boron heterocyclic carbenes: a computational study of Diels–Alder reactions
Authors: Cao Changyu , Zhang Congjie , Gu Junjing , Mo Yirong
Published: October 2024

A family of double boron heterocyclic carbenes C2B2R2 were theoretically verified. The Diels–Alder reactions of C2B2F2 as dienophile are feasible. A new method of designing three-in-one BNCT drugs with the facile Diels–Alder reaction was proposed.
Effect of metal loading sequences in CO2 methanation activity on samarium-doped ceria supported bimetallic catalysts
Authors: Chien Andrew C. , Chi Corinna C.
Published: October 2024

The La/Ni/SDC catalyst from one pot microwave-heating gives higher methanation activity than La–Ni/SDC and Ni–La/SDC from stepwise heating.
Synergy of Ag and Pd in bimetallic catalysts for the selective oxidation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
Authors: Neukum Dominik , Ludwig Maya Eyleen , Uzunidis Georgios , Lakshmi Nilayam Ajai Raj , Krause Bärbel , Behrens Silke , Grunwaldt Jan-Dierk , Saraçi Erisa
Published: October 2024

Powerful synergy between silver and palladium in bimetallic catalysts, where Pd's role in oxygen activation and Ag's role in alcohol dehydrogenation combine to enhance catalytic performance in converting 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF).
Modulating magnetic anisotropy in linear tetranuclear dysprosium(iii) complexes via coordinated anions
Authors: Lu Guan-Lin , Chiu Shih-Ting , Lin Po-Heng , Long Jérôme
Published: October 2024

Synthesis of novel tetranuclear linear Dy4 complexes with rigid Hheb−/heb2− ligands. Peripheral anions (NO3−, OAc−) modulate the magnetic anisotropy of the complex, enabling tunable single-molecule magnet behavior.
Poly-γ-glutamic acid/melanin-like hydrogel as an efficient UVA protection and antioxidative enhancer for preventing and treating UVA-induced skin damage
Authors: Niu Zhuangzhuang , Zhu Pengqi , Li Gang , Gao Caifang , Liu Yuqin , Liu Xiaoli , Sun Jinghua , Zhang Ruiping
Published: October 2024

The poly-γ-glutamic acid/melanin-like hydrogel PGDA can be used in skin photoprotection and UV-damaged skin repair due to its excellent UV shielding, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory performance.
Lithiation of organic polysulfides: insight into embedding site preference and lithium storage capability from DFT calculations
Authors: Liu Junyi , Zhang Lin , Cao Zexing
Published: October 2024

DFT calculations indicated that OPSs are quite promising as cathode materials owing to their relatively high lithium-storage capability and the high stability of the newly generated lithiated polysulfides.
Visible-light photoredox-catalyzed three-component radical alkyl-acylation of [1.1.1]propellane
Authors: Liu Lanqin , Guo Shengkun , Chen Chengjun , Shen Xiaoyu , Chen Xiaoyun , Yu Huaguang , Han Ying , Sun Qiu , Zhu Shaoqun , Hou Hong
Published: October 2024

A three-component radical alkyl-acylation of [1.1.1]propellane to access a diverse array of 1,3-disubstituted BCP ketone derivatives.
Exploring the photovoltaic properties of naphthalene-1,5-diamine-based functionalized materials in aprotic polar medium: a combined experimental and DFT approach
Authors: Shafiq Iqra , Khalid Muhammad , Jawaria Rifat , Shafiq Zahid , Murtaza Shahzad , Braga Ataualpa A. C.
Published: October 2024

In this study, a series of naphthalene-1,5-diamine-based donor chromophores (ND1–ND9) with A–D–A architecture was synthesized through a condensation reaction between amines and substituted aldehydes.
Antioxidant activity of Schiff base ligands using the DPPH scavenging assay: an updated review
Authors: Rana Md. Sohel , Rayhan Noor Mohammad Azbar , Emon Md. Shahadat Hossain , Islam Md. Tanvir , Rathry Khandaker , Hasan Md. Mahadi , Islam Mansur Md. Munna , Srijon Bishal Chakrabarty , Islam Md Shohidul , Ray Anik , Rakib Md. Abdur , Islam Azharul , Kudrat-E-Zahan Md. , Hossen Md. Faruk , Asraf Md. Ali
Published: October 2024

This review highlights the antioxidant potential of Schiff base ligands via the DPPH assay, focusing on structure, solvent effects, and how electron-donating groups enhance radical stabilization, suggesting their role as eco-friendly antioxidants.
Chitosan-ImH@γ-CD: a pH-sensitive smart bio-coating to enhance the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys in bio-implants
Authors: Dehghan-Chenar Sara , Zare Hamid Reza , Mohammadpour Zahra
Published: October 2024

Fabrication of chitosan-imidazol@γ-cyclodextrin metal–organic framework composite as a pH-sensitive smart anti-corrosion bio-coating and investigation of its corrosion parameters in simulated body fluid corrosive solution.
Tracking trash to treasure: in situ monitoring of single microbial cell oil biosynthesis from waste cooking oil using Raman spectroscopy and imaging
Authors: Karlo Jiro , Carrasco-Navarro Victor , Koistinen Arto , Singh Surya Pratap
Published: October 2024

Raman reverse stable isotope probing for monitoring nascent single microbial cell oil in oleaginous yeast grown in hydrophilic (glucose) and hydrophobic carbon sources (cooking oil and waste cooking oil).
Sustainable polymeric adsorbents for adsorption-based water remediation and pathogen deactivation: a review
Authors: Alkhaldi Huda , Alharthi Sarah , Alharthi Salha , AlGhamdi Hind A. , AlZahrani Yasmeen M. , Mahmoud Safwat A. , Amin Lamia Galal , Al-Shaalan Nora Hamad , Boraie Waleed E. , Attia Mohamed S. , Al-Gahtany Samera Ali , Aldaleeli Nadiah , Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , Sharshir A. I. , Madani Mohamed , Darwesh Reem , Abaza Sana F.
Published: October 2024

Water is a fundamental resource, yet various contaminants increasingly threaten its quality, necessitating effective remediation strategies.
pH and glucose dual-responsive phenylboronic acid hydrogels for smart insulin delivery
Authors: Yang Keke , Bo Hou , Ma Dewei , Peng Mingwei , Liu Qinglong , Heng Ziwen , Gu Zhongwei , Liu Xuhan , Chen Siyuan
Published: October 2024

Phenylboronic acid (PBA) is a widely exploited glucose-sensitive element for constructing glucose-responsive hydrogels to enable smart insulin delivery.
Hybrid d0 and d10 electronic configurations promote photocatalytic activity of high-entropy oxides for CO2 conversion and water splitting
Authors: Hidalgo-Jiménez Jacqueline , Akbay Taner , Sauvage Xavier , van Eijck Lambert , Watanabe Motonori , Huot Jacques , Ishihara Tatsumi , Edalati Kaveh
Published: October 2024

Photocatalysis offers a sustainable solution for essential reactions such as CO2 conversion and water splitting, while high-entropy photocatalysts with hybrid d0 and d10 electronic configurations exhibit high activity for such reactions.
Outstanding ROS generation ability and the mechanism of MXene quantum dots
Authors: Xiao Danyang , Wu Chunxiao , Liang Bufeng , Jiang Shangzuo , Ma Jianxiong , Li Yan
Published: October 2024

Under 365 nm UV irradiation, MXene-derived MQDs (Ti3C2, Ti2C and V2C QDs) can efficiently generate diverse reactive oxygen species due to their unique band structure, high carrier separation, and superior electron transfer.
Li-modified BaCoO3−δ for thermochemical energy storage: enhanced reaction performance and modification mechanism
Authors: Ning Zeyu , Gu Changdong , He Yibin , Xu Haoran , Zhu Peiwang , Zhou Jinsong , Xiao Gang
Published: October 2024

A novel LixBa1−xCoO3−δ solid solution achieves a heat storage density of 348.4 kJ kg−1, driven by Li-induced surface oxygen vacancies enhancing redox activity between 600 and 900 °C. The role of Li is elucidated in this study.
Piezoelectric polarizations and valley-related multiple Hall effects in TiAlX3 monolayers (X = Se, Te)
Authors: Li Jia , Tian Jianke , Liu Hengbo , Li Yan , Li Linyang , Li Jun , Liu Guodong , Shi Junjie
Published: October 2024

We propose the concept of the piezoelectric-anomalous valley Hall effect (PAVHE), which couples the anomalous valley Hall effect (AVHE) and piezoelectric response, and speculate that this coupling mechanism is universal in two-dimensional ferrovalley materials.
A tunable light scattering device fabricated using pseudopeptide polymer incorporated chiral nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Kushawaha Rishikesh , Jawla Sagar , Haridas V. , Sinha Aloka
Published: October 2024

PFLC-based tunable light scattering device is fabricated using chiral nematic LC and pseudopeptide polymer.
Controllable persistent luminescence in bismuth activated memory phosphors by trap management for artificial intelligence anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Gao Dangli , Du Chengxue , Wang Yuqiang , Xu Wenqian , Gao Wenna , Pang Qing , Wang Yuhua
Published: October 2024

We successfully developed a series of LLGO Bi3+:Ln3+ phosphors with multicolour and multimode luminescence for information storage and anti-counterfeiting by deliberately manipulating the trap state and carrier transport process.
An upper limit on the spins of merging binary black holes formed through isolated binary evolution
Authors: Marchant Pablo , Podsiadlowski Philipp , Mandel Ilya
Published: October 2024

Context. As the sensitivity of ground-based gravitational wave detectors progressively increases, observations of black hole mergers will provide us with the joint distribution of their masses and spins. This will be a critical benchmark to validate different formation scenarios.

Aims. Merging binary black holes formed through the evolution of isolated binary systems require both components to be stripped of their hydrogen envelopes before core-collapse. The rotation rates of such stripped stars are constrained by the critical rotation limit at their surface, including its deviation from the Keplerian value owing to the outward force provided by radiation. This sets a restriction on their angular momentum content at core-collapse. We aim to determine if this restriction plays a role in the spins of binary black hole mergers.

Methods. We used detailed calculations of stripped stars with the MESA code at low metallicities (Z = Z⊙/10, Z⊙/50, and Z⊙/250) to determine the dimensionless spins of black holes produced by critically rotating stellar progenitors. To study how such progenitors can arise, we considered their formation through chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE) in binary stars. We used a semi-analytical model to study the physical processes that determine the final angular momentum of CHE binaries, and compared our results against available population synthesis models that rely on detailed binary evolution calculations.

Results. We find that above black hole masses of ≃25 M⊙, the dimensionless spin parameter of critically rotating stripped stars (a = Jc/(GM2)) is below unity. This results in an exclusion region at high chirp masses and effective spins that cannot be populated by isolated binary evolution. CHE can produce binaries where both black holes hit this limit, producing a pileup at the boundary of the excluded region. High-spin black holes arise from very low-metallicity CHE systems with short delay times, which merge at higher redshifts. On the other hand, the contribution of CHE to merging binary black holes detected in the third observing run of the LVK collaboration is expected to be dominated by systems with low spins (χeff < 0.5) that merge near redshift zero. Owing to its higher projected sensitivity and runtime, the fourth observing run of the LVK collaboration can potentially place constraints on the high-spin population and the existence of a limit set by critical rotation.
The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey
Authors: Artis E. , Ghirardini V. , Bulbul E. , Grandis S. , Garrel C. , Clerc N. , Seppi R. , Comparat J. , Cataneo M. , Bahar Y. E. , Balzer F. , Chiu I. , Gruen D. , Kleinebreil F. , Kluge M. , Krippendorf S. , Li X. , Liu A. , Merloni A. , Miyatake H. , Miyazaki S. , Nandra K. , Okabe N. , Pacaud F. , Predehl P. , Ramos-Ceja M. E. , Reiprich T. H. , Sanders J. S. , Schrabback T. , Zelmer S. , Zhang X.
Published: October 2024

The evolution of the cluster mass function traces the growth of the linear density perturbations and can be utilized to constrain the parameters of cosmological and alternative gravity models. In this context, we present new constraints on potential deviations from general relativity by investigating the Hu-Sawicki parametrization of the f (R) gravity with the first Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG)/eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) cluster catalog in the western Galactic hemisphere in combination with the overlapping Dark Energy Survey Year-3, KiloDegree Survey, and Hyper Suprime-Cam data for weak lensing mass calibration. For the first time, we present constraints obtained from cluster abundances only. When we consider massless neutrinos, we find a strict upper limit of log |fR0| < −4.31 at a 95% confidence level. Massive neutrinos suppress structure growth at small scales, and thus have the opposite effect of f (R) gravity. We consequently investigate the joint fit of the mass of the neutrinos with the modified gravity parameter. We obtain log |fR0| < −4.08 jointly with ∑ mν < 0.49 eV at a 95% confidence level, which is tighter than the limits in the literature utilizing cluster counts only. At log |fR0| = −6, the number of clusters is not significantly changed by the theory. Consequently, we do not find any statistical deviation from general relativity in the study of eRASS1 cluster abundance. Deeper surveys with eROSITA, increasing the number of detected clusters, will further improve constraints on log |fR0| and investigate alternative gravity theories.