bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GyrB vs. 16s rRna sequencing for the identification of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari
Authors: Gunther IV Nereus William , Almond Jonnee , Yan Xianghe , Needleman David S
Published: December 2024

Species of the genus Campylobacter are responsible for the largest number of bacterial food-borne illness cases occurring yearly in the developed world. The majority of disease is caused by three of the thermotolerant Campylobacter species: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari. An inability to differentiate these three species using the commonly employed 16S rRNA sequencing procedure has led to the development of alternative methods to identify these bacteria. Some of these methods include the utilization of the gyrB gene. A reliable method was developed for the differentiation of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari employing the gyrB gene. It involves amplification and sequencing of a species-variable region of the gene with a single pair of DNA primers. The method works well for the separation and organization of the three Campylobacter strains as well as satisfying the suggested guidelines for sequence based identification for most strains investigated.
A new entropy model for RNA: part II. Persistence-related entropic contributions to RNA secondary structure free energy calculations
Authors: Dawson Wayne , Yamamoto Kenji , Shimizu Kentaro , Kawai Gota
Published: December 2024

In previous work, we have shown that the entropy of a folded RNA molecule can be divided into local and global contributions using the cross-linking entropy (CLE) model, where, in the case of RNA, the cross- links are the base-pair stacking interactions. The local contribution to the CLE is revealed in the Kuhn length (a measure of the stiffness of the RNA). The Kuhn length acts as a scaling parameter. When the size of the system is rescaled, the relationship between local and global free energy must be renormalized to reflect this rescaling. In this renormalization process, the Kuhn length increases, the local entropy also increases due to freezing out of the local conformational degrees of freedom. At the same time, as the number of degrees of freedom decrease, there is a significant reduction in the global entropy. Here we present a method, based on the concepts of renormalization theory, to quantitatively estimate the size of the contribution from the local entropy as a function of the Kuhn length. The local entropy correction is used to predict the current empirically derived constant in the Jacobson-Stockmayer equation. The variation in the Kuhn length is shown to be largely influenced by the length of the double-stranded RNA stems formed in the secondary structure of folded RNA. This result is used to test the resulting entropy under a variable Kuhn length in stem-loop structures. Comparisons between a variable Kuhn length and a static Kuhn length on a short stem-loop of RNA are also examined. The model is quite general and is also directly applicable to protein structure and folding problems.
The effect of in vitro exposure to antisense oligonucleotides on macrophage morphology and function
Authors: Brasey Ann , Igue Raouf , Djemame Loubna , Séguin Serge , Renzi Paolo , Ferrari Nicolay , Seguin Rosanne
Published: December 2024

Antisense oligonucleotides (AON) delivered via inhalation are in drug development for respiratory diseases. In rodents and monkeys, repeated exposure to high doses of inhaled phosphorothioate (PS) AON can lead to microscopic changes in the lungs, including accumulation of alveolar macrophages in the lower airway that have a foamy appearance. The functional consequences that result from this morphological change are unclear as there is controversy whether the vacuoles/inclusion bodies reflect normal clearance of the inhaled AON or are early indicators of lung toxicity. The morphological and functional responses of macrophage to PS AON were characterized in vitro using the comparator drug amiodarone, as a known inducer of foamy macrophages. Morphological changes of increased vacuolization with the presence of lamellated structures were observed in macrophages in response to both amiodarone and AON treatment. Functional responses to the drugs clearly differed with amiodarone treatment leading to apoptosis of cells and cell death, release of proinflammatory mediators IL-1RA, MIP-1α and TNFα, decrease in IP-10, a cytokine shown to be involved in protection against pulmonary fibrosis and altered phagocytosis capacity of the cells. In contrast, AON in concentrations up to 30 μM, had no effect on cell viability or apoptosis, had minimal effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased IP-10 levels and did not alter the phagocytic capacity of the cells. Exposure of macrophages to AON in vitro, led to morphological changes of increased vacuolization, but did not lead to functional consequences which were observed with another vacuolization-inducing drug, suggesting that the in vivo phenotypic changes observed following inhalation of AON may be consistent with a clearance mechanism and not an activation or impairment of macrophages.
Imported malaria in Milan: a six-years retrospective analysis
Authors: Salari F. , Poloni A. , Grosso S. , Giacomelli A. , Antinori S. , Rizzo A. , Gismondo M. R.
Published: December 2024

Not available.
In vivo emergence of cefiderocol resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa following prolonged treatment at San Martino Policlinico Hospital (HSM), Genoa, Italy
Authors: Costa E. , Calabrese L. , Marchese A. , Di Pilato V.
Published: December 2024

Not available.
Change in the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes following the change in vaccination policy
Authors: Leone A. , Bondi A. , Zullo F. , Curtoni A. , Barbui A. M. , Casale R. , Costa C.
Published: December 2024

Not available.
Transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE): A game changer in apnoeic anaesthesia for shared airway procedures – A retrospective study
Authors: Harde Minal , Patil Manish , Sahu Anjana , Deshpande Charulata , Akhilnath R , Pawara Kalpesh
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

Transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) is a valuable adjunct during apnoea. Conventional techniques of apnoeic anaesthesia have limitations. THRIVE helps to maintain oxygenation during the apnoeic periods in tubeless airway surgeries. We aimed to evaluate tubeless apnoeic anaesthesia in shared airways using THRIVE to determine safe apnoea time.

Methods:

Two years of retrospective data were collected at a tertiary care centre, which included 60 patients in whom THRIVE was used for apnoeic anaesthesia. We appraised tubeless apnoeic anaesthesia in shared airways using THRIVE to determine safe apnoea time. Data on oxygenation, haemodynamic parameters, ventilation and the perioperative course were also collected. The data were analysed using GNU PSPP 1.0.1 software.

Results:

The patients’ mean age was 48.53 [standard deviation (SD):16.62] years. Microlaryngoscopy [24 (40%)], rigid bronchoscopy [12 (20%)], tracheal dilatation [12 (20%)] and foreign body removal [8 (13.3%)] were the common procedures. The mean apnoea time was 14.5 (SD: 2.05) min. Patients maintained normal haemodynamic parameters, with a mean oxygen saturation of 98% during apnoea. The highest mean end-tidal carbon dioxide at the end of apnoea was 55 mmHg, which normalised after 1–2 min of ventilation. Intermittent ventilation was done in eight patients as the apnoea time exceeded 20 min. Emergence and recovery were smooth, and none of the patients developed any complications throughout the procedure.

Conclusion:

THRIVE can be effectively and safely used for tubeless apnoeic anaesthesia, with an uninterrupted apnoea time of approximately 15 min without complications.
Comparison of fibreoptic-guided tracheal intubation through LMA Protector and i-gel in adult paralysed patients – A randomised comparative study
Authors: Bhardwaj Mamta , Manoharan Karthik , Kshetrapal Kirti , Dhankhar Karishma , Singh Amit , Taxak Susheela
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

Second-generation supraglottic airway devices (SADs) are used for ventilation and a conduit for fibreoptic-guided tracheal intubation (FGI). LMA Protector is a novel second-generation SAD with a wide airway lumen to pass an adequately sized tracheal tube. Few authors have compared LMA Protector with i-gel for FGI using reinforced tubes, and their results have been contradictory. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) endotracheal tube (ETT) is the most commonly used ETT in the operation theatre and critical care units. Hence, we conducted this study to compare FGI through i-gel and LMA Protector using PVC ETT.

Methods:

After institutional committee approval and trial registration, 66 patients aged 18–70 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I/II were recruited for this randomised study. Patients were randomly allocated to groups LP and IG. The primary outcome was to compare time to tracheal intubation via two SADs. Insertion characteristics such as the number of insertion attempts, mean time of insertion, oropharyngeal leak pressure, and intubation characteristics (time to view carina, number of attempts, etc.) were considered secondary outcomes. Independent Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were applied for normally distributed and non-normally distributed quantitative variables, respectively.

Results:

Demographic parameters were comparable in the two groups (P > 0.05). The time to view the carina, tracheal intubation time, other insertion characteristics, and adverse effects were comparable between the groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

LMA Protector and i-gel are technically comparable conduits for fibreoptic-guided tracheal intubation in adult paralysed patients.
Near-infrared spectroscopy during organ donation in brain-dead patients
Authors: Carron Michele , Tamburini Enrico
Published: December 2024

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is essential for monitoring cerebral oxygenation in anaesthesia and critical care, offering non-invasive insights into regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2). However, extracerebral contamination can compromise NIRS accuracy. The O3™ regional oximetry system, with its advanced multi-wavelength technology, may contribute by providing more accurate measurements. In a study involving brain-dead organ donors, near-normal rSO2 values were initially observed despite cerebral anoxia, suggesting extracerebral signal interference. Following aortic clamping and cessation of circulation, rSO2 levels dropped but remained above zero, indicating potential limitations in accurately detecting severe hypoxia. This case study demonstrated the effectiveness of the O3™ system in monitoring rSO2 in such critical situations, uniquely supported by the cerebral haemoglobin index, oxygenated haemoglobin index, and deoxygenated haemoglobin index. The findings emphasise the importance of understanding oxygen transport mechanisms and haemoglobin affinity to accurately interpret NIRS data, especially in brain-dead patients and organ donation procedures.
Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block versus supra-inguinal fascia iliaca (SIFI) block for functional outcome in patients undergoing hip surgeries – A randomised controlled study
Authors: Saini Tanusha , Aggarwal Meenakshi , Singh Udeyana , Singh Mirley Rupinder
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

In hip surgeries, the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block and supra-inguinal fascia iliaca (SIFI) block are commonly employed perioperative regional analgesia techniques. This study aimed to compare functional outcomes regarding quadriceps muscle strength and weight-bearing capacity between PENG and SIFI blocks after hip surgery.

Methods:

In this single-centre, double-blinded, randomised trial, 60 patients undergoing hip surgeries under subarachnoid block were randomised into either Group P (PENG block) or Group S (SIFI block). Blocks were administered under ultrasound guidance with 30 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine and 4 mg dexamethasone. Functional mobility was assessed 24 and 48 h postoperatively by measuring quadriceps strength and maximum weight-bearing capacity. Analgesic efficacy was also evaluated by comparing visual analogue score (VAS) scores at 24 h, total opioid consumption over 24 h, and duration of analgesia. Statistical analysis included Student’s t-test, Chi-square, and Z-test as appropriate, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:

Group P demonstrated significantly higher quadriceps-muscle strength at 24 h (P = 0.025) and 48 h (P = 0.002) post surgery. More patients in Group P achieved superior weight-bearing grades at 24 h (P = 0.002) post surgery compared to Group S. VAS scores were significantly lower in Group P at 24 h post surgery (P = 0.006). Group P also showed a prolonged duration of analgesia (P = 0.019) and lower mean opioid consumption (P = 0.001) compared to Group S.

Conclusion:

The PENG block may be superior to the SIFI block in terms of functional outcomes with better quadriceps strength, enhanced weight-bearing, and provision of more effective postoperative analgesia in hip surgery patients.
Assessing the TB Mukt Gram Panchayat Program in Rajasthan: A Way toward Tuberculosis Elimination
Authors: Bhardwaj Pankaj , Joshi Nitin Kumar , Garg Vinod Kumar , Baskaran Pritish , Gupta Manoj , Goel Akhil D , Ranjan Alok , Saurabh Suman , Meharda Bharat , Ola Shishram
Published: December 2024

Background:

The TB Mukt Gram Panchayat program was launched by the National Health Mission in Rajasthan on August 15, 2022 to engage Panchayati Raj Institutions at the grass-root level to strengthen the fight against tuberculosis (TB). This study was conducted to assess the progress and achievements of this program in Rajasthan.

Methodology:

The methodology involved the collaborative development of assessment criteria by expert stakeholders to assess the TB-free status of Gram Panchayats (GPs)/Wards (WAs) in Rajasthan. Two stages were conducted: shortlisting based on specific criteria, including active case finding and treatment linkage, and final assessment using a standardized questionnaire. Indicators assessed included program delivery, active case finding, community awareness, community support, district capacity, and TB burden, each with defined qualifying criteria and achievement scores, yielding final scores for each GP.

Results:

In the context of the GP/WA TB-Free Declaration Status, the results depict a mix of statuses, including “Progress toward TB-free status” and “Achieved TB-free status.” Out of 51 GPs/WAs, 29 achieved TB-free status, 13 were in progress toward TB-free status, and the rest were not qualified, having incomplete coverage.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the progress in Rajasthan’s TB Mukt Gram Panchayat program and exemplifies stakeholder collaboration across sectors in developing a verification framework for TB Mukt Gram Panchayat claims. Moreover, this novel assessment framework offers a valuable tool for other states to monitor their progress toward TB elimination.
Comparison of Intra-articular 0.2% Ropivacaine versus 0.75% Ropivacaine in Acute Pain Treatment after Postoperative Knee Arthroscopy: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Zamora-Muñoz Paola Maritza , Miranda Angel Cruz , Santiago-Balmaseda Eira , Gutierrez-Toledano Carlos F. , Olivos Rubén O Tafoya
Published: December 2024

Context:

In the realm of orthopedics, knee arthroscopy stands as a prevalent outpatient procedure. Despite the application of diverse pain alleviation techniques, the drawbacks frequently eclipse the advantages. Currently, there exists no consensus regarding the standard analgesic regimen following knee arthroscopy. At present, a unanimous agreement regarding the conventional analgesic regimen subsequent to knee arthroscopy remains elusive.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of administering 0.75% ropivacaine intra-articularly upon completion of knee arthroscopy for the management of postoperative pain.

Settings and Design:

A controlled, triple-blind clinical trial enrolled 70 participants scheduled for knee arthroscopic surgery due to simple acute meniscal tears and chondral injuries.

Subjects and Methods:

Following randomization, all participants received general anesthesia and a single intra-articular dose (10 mL of either 0.75% or 0.2% ropivacaine) at the conclusion of the surgical procedure. Pain intensity was assessed as “moderate-severe” using a Visual Analog Scale 2 h postropivacaine administration.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were employed for the primary objective.

Results:

In the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, with no loss of subjects, a significant difference was observed in the occurrence of moderate-to-severe pain between groups (Ropivacaine 0.2% [85.3%] vs. Ropivacaine 0.75% [27.8%], P < 0.001). According to the per-protocol analysis, which excluded 19 subjects requiring postsurgery opioids, moderate-to-severe pain was more prevalent in the ropivacaine 0.2% group (Ropivacaine 0.2% [77.3%] vs. Ropivacaine 0.75% [10.3%], P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

The utilization of intra-articular 0.75% ropivacaine following knee arthroscopy led to a reduced incidence of moderate-to-severe pain. The number needed to treat was 2 subjects, as demonstrated by both ITT and per-protocol analyses.
Fusobacterium nucleatum mechanism of action in alveolar bone destruction: Scoping review
Authors: Idrus Erik , Harsono Tashya Shania , Lestari Widya , Suniarti Dewi Fatma
Published: December 2024

Fusobacterium nucleatum is implicated in periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone due to host-microbe dysbiosis. This study focuses on understanding how F. nucleatum contributes to bone destruction in periodontitis. The literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines by entering preselected keyword combinations of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualifying literature was evaluated based on four inclusion criteria: research articles, published in English, within the last ten years, and available in full text. The literature search yielded five articles exploring the mechanism of bone resorption by F. nucleatum. It was found that the bacteria increases the production of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, CCL20, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, which leads to the destruction of alveolar bone. During infection, biomechanical stress also raises levels of prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2. The elevated levels of inflammatory mediators and enzymes generate an imbalance in the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand to osteoprotegerin ratio, hindering osteogenic differentiation and heightening bone destruction. In conclusion, F. nucleatum infection promotes alveolar bone destruction by inducing inflammatory responses and inhibiting osteogenic differentiation stimulated by biomechanical loading. More research is essential to explore the connection between F. nucleatum virulence and its alveolar bone degradation mechanisms.
Comparison of glued platelet-rich fibrin membrane and noneugenol pack as periodontal dressings after gingival depigmentation
Authors: Poojari Megha , Shah Monali , Nadig Prasad
Published: December 2024

Periodontal surgery often necessitates the use of a periodontal dressing to protect the surgical site and facilitate healing. Commonly used dressings, such as noneugenol packs, offer some benefits but have significant drawbacks, including plaque accumulation, a sensation of foreignness, and no significant impact on healing enhancement. On the other hand, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes are rich in growth factors, which can accelerate wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, their use is limited due to the need for suturing to stabilize the membrane. N-butyl cyanoacrylate is a tissue adhesive known for its hemostatic and bacteriostatic properties and effectiveness in moist environments, presenting a potential solution for PRF membrane stabilization without the need for suturing. This case report evaluates the use of PRF membrane in combination with N-butyl cyanoacrylate adhesive as an alternative to traditional noneugenol periodontal dressing.
Effect of low-level laser therapy on proliferation and cytotoxicity of mouse fibroblasts and human fibroblasts: An in vitro study
Authors: Patil Mallanagouda B. , Pai Deeksha D. , Prakash Shobha
Published: December 2024

Background:

Diode laser is known for its biostimulatory effects on various cell populations such as osteoblasts and fibroblasts. The usage of low-level laser therapy for photobiomodulation depends on its type, emission wavelength, and energy selected. Previously performed in vitro studies have determined its effect on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity; however, the results were inconsistent.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare diode laser effect on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) for proliferation and cytotoxicity.

Materials and Methods:

32 samples, 16 wells of MEF cells (Group I) and HGF cells (Group II) each with 8 subgroups containing control (no laser irradiation) and experimental (laser irradiated) groups were cultured after being seeded at 4000 cells/ well with 4cm inter-well distance. Experimental group cell cultures were irradiated with a single dose of 810 nm diode laser (energy 1J/cm2, 12.5 mW, 80 s/well) using continuous wave mode after 1 day of incubation. Spectrophotometric analysis was done after 24 h of laser irradiation for cell proliferation and cell cytotoxicity on the 2nd, 3rd, and 7th days on all groups.

Results:

Human and mouse fibroblast groups showed positive results when irradiated with an 810 nm laser. A hundred percent proliferation was seen for MEF in 7 days and HGF in 2 days. Two percent cytotoxicity was seen on the 2nd and 3rd day in MEF. Increased cell proliferation and minimal cytotoxic effects were seen with diode laser usage.

Conclusion:

Low-level laser irradiation indicates an increase in cell proliferation with less cytotoxicity on mouse and human fibroblasts.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental implants among dentists in Hyderabad city, Telangana: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chihnitha Gunda , Kulkarni Suhas , Reddy Madupu Padma , Srilatha Adepu , Reddy Loka Suraj
Published: December 2024

Background:

Implants have emerged as a successful treatment option for the replacement of lost teeth. As dentists are the important source of information regarding implants, their knowledge and understanding of treatment options have a beneficial impact on patients’ choice of treatments. The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental implants among dental postgraduates and practitioners in Hyderabad city, Telangana.

Materials and Methods:

Out of total 599 samples, 286 were dental postgraduates and 313 were practitioners. A self-administered validated 27-item questionnaire containing demographic details and knowledge, attitude, and practice-based questions was used to collect the data through Google Forms or personal interview. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 20.

Results:

The mean knowledge scores were notably higher among elderly dentists (7.69 ± 1.6), with over a decade of experience (7.8 ± 1.52) and had undergone implant training (8.07 ± 1.36). The majority of elderly dentists (89.7%) and with over 10 years of experience (89.4%) exhibited a positive attitude toward dental implants. Moreover, a significant proportion of elderly dentists (51.6%) and with more than 10 years of experience (62.6%), as well as institutional-based practitioners (60%) and who received implant training (76.4%), felt that they are competent enough to place implants significantly.

Conclusion:

Majority of subjects had knowledge on the various aspects of dental implants and preferred dental implants over removable partial denture or fixed partial denture (RPD/FPD). Mean knowledge level significantly increased with age, experience, and exposure to training. Dentist practice levels were significantly influenced by age, gender, experience, qualification, and implant training.
Determination of the antibiofilm property of aqueous extract of the Amorphophallus paeoniifolius on some early and late colonizers in an artificially synthesized dental biofilm – An in vitro study
Authors: Sowmya B R , Nayak Aarati , Kottrashetti Vijaylakshmi S , Ingalagi Preeti , Harish Gandla
Published: December 2024

Background:

Mechanical therapy along with adjunctive therapy, using agents like chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash helps to disrupt the plaque biofilm. Recently, herbs with medicinal value have been tested for their antimicrobial properties. The present study was designed to assess the anti-biofilm activity of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius against some periodontal pathogens in an artificially synthesized dental biofilm.

Materials and Methods:

The aqueous extract of A. paeoniifolius was constituted and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against standard strains of some periodontal pathogens was determined. A total of 21 biofilm samples were synthesized on extracted teeth and microtiter plates, and these were divided into two groups of 10 samples each. One group was treated with the predetermined MIC values of A. paeoniifolius, while the other group was treated with chlorhexidine. The anti-biofilm activity of both compounds was assessed by calculating colony-forming units (CFUs) for the extracted teeth and optical density (OD) values for the microtiter plates.

Results:

The mean CFU at baseline was 55,000/μl while posttreatment with chlorhexidine digluconate and aqueous extract of A. paeoniifolius was 23,280 ± 5274.00 and 28,560 ± 4509.545/μl, respectively. The mean OD value (at 595 nm) posttreatment with chlorhexidine digluconate was 0.9876 ± 0.49179 and A. paeoniifolius was 1.4990 ± 0.37851. Results indicate that the aqueous extract of A. paeoniifolius showed an inhibitory effect on biofilm obtained on microtiter plates and the one constituted on extracted teeth.

Conclusion:

Anti-biofilm activity of aqueous extract of A. paeoniifolius was appreciable and also comparable to that of chlorhexidine digluconate, both on extracted teeth and microtiter plates.
Preferences and choice in clinical decision-making with the help of time trade-off and standard gamble techniques among periodontally compromised patients – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Paul Budhaditya , Srivastava Ankita
Published: December 2024

Background:

To assess the validity of time trade-off (TTO) and standard gamble (SG) techniques of utility valuation among patients with periodontal problems by assessing their relation to two logical constructs; Gingival Index (GI) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) Questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:

Two hundred and one patients aged 18 years old and above, who visited a tertiary care hospital for treatment/consultation were included. A questionnaire was administered to record the TTO, SG, and OHIP. GI, measuring the severity of the disease, was recorded. Bivariate and backward multiple regression analyses were done to find an association between the oral health utility values, OHIP, and the variables of interest (demographic and clinical characteristics including GI).

Results:

There was a statistically significant decrease in the TTO and SG utilities (P < 0.05) as the severity of the disease progressed from mild to severe. GI, as well as OHIP scores, were significant predictors in the case of both the TTO as well as SG (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

TTO and SG utilities were found to be valid and correlated well with clinical findings. Health utilities serve as useful and reliable markers of health-related quality of life among individuals as well as communities.
Substance P-A neuropeptide regulator of periodontal disease pathogenesis and potential novel therapeutic entity: A narrative review
Authors: Jayanthi A , Tiwari D , Puzhankara L
Published: December 2024

Substance P (SP), a neuropeptide primarily released by neurons, has emerged as a key player in the intricate network of factors governing periodontal inflammation, immune responses, bone metabolism, and tissue regeneration. Due to its multifaceted role, it may be explored for its potential participation in periodontal therapeutic strategies. The databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, and SCOPUS were searched for all published articles on SP, its role in inflammation, and periodontal disease. The following search terms, adapted to the specific database, were used; ”substance p AND periodontal *” AND “therapeutics” and records were retrieved. All articles not pertaining to SP in periodontal health and disease were excluded from the study. The full texts of eligible articles were retrieved. Data on SP and its role in inflammation and in periodontal health, disease, and therapy were extracted and have been presented as a narrative review. SP manifests during inflammatory phase of periodontal disease and is one of the causes of bone loss. According to studies, the gingival crevicular fluid from areas with active periodontal disease and bone loss had the greatest levels of SP. These chemicals may linger long enough to trigger neurogenic inflammation and elicit pain in tissues that are vulnerable to it. SP expression during progression of periodontal disease might be a risk factor for individuals with systemic inflammatory diseases, such as chronic arthritis. However, SP may be manipulated to provide avenues for management of periodontal disease and thereby serve as therapeutic target.
Computed Tomography Scan and Clinical-based Complete Response Prediction in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Anijdan Seyyed Hossein Mousavie , Moslemi Daryush , Reiazi Reza , Tafti Hamid Fallah , Moghadamnia Ali Akbar , Paydar Reza
Published: December 2024

Background:

Treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) involves neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), followed by total mesorectal excision. Examining the response to treatment is one of the most important factors in the follow-up of patients; therefore, in this study, radiomics patterns derived from pretreatment computed tomography images in rectal cancer and its relationship with treatment response measurement criteria have been investigated.

Methods:

Fifty patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who were candidates for nCRT and surgery were included. The information obtained from the tumor surgical pathology report, including pathological T and N, the degree of tumor differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion along with radiomics characteristics to each patient, was assessed. Modeling with disturbed forest model was used for radiomics data. For other variables, Shapiro–Wilk, Chi-Square, and Pearson Chi-square tests were used.

Results:

The participants of this study were 50 patients (23 males [46%] and 27 females [54%]). There was no significant difference in the rate of response to neoadjuvant treatment in between age and gender groups. According to the modeling based on combined clinical and radiomics data together, area under the curves for the nonresponders and complete respond group (responder group) was 0.97 and 0.99, respectively.

Conclusion:

Random forests modeling based on combined radiomics and clinical characteristics of the pretreatment tumor images has the ability to predict the response or non-response to neoadjuvant treatment in LARC to an acceptable extent.
Animal studies jako terytorium badawcze w polskim medioznawstwie. Obrazy zwierząt w mediach podczas kataklizmów
Authors: Hodalska Magdalena
Published: December 2024

Celem artykułu jest określenie istotnego obszaru badawczego, który w polskim medioznawstwie wciąż nie doczekał się opracowania, choć wielu badaczy podejmuje w swych pracach problemy wpisujące się w nurt bardzo aktualnych i rozwijanych z impetem na Zachodzie, a w Polsce wciąż niezbyt zaawansowanych, kulturowych studiów nad zwierzętami (animal studies). Krytyczna analiza literatury pozwoliła przybliżyć prace zagranicznych autorów oraz zidentyfikować luki w polskim piśmiennictwie z obszaru Critical Animal and Media Studies. Wskazanie obszarów badawczych oraz metod medioznawczych badań zamyka przegląd narracji, których bohaterami są zwierzęta, w medialnych relacjach z kataklizmów. Wielowymiarowość zwierzęcych narracji pokazana zostanie przez pryzmat historii, jakie z pomocą metafor wykorzystujących wizerunki domowych i dzikich zwierząt opowiadali dziennikarze relacjonujący w ostatnich dwóch dekadach skutki powodzi, lawin błotnych, pożarów, trzęsień ziemi i huraganów.
Wizualizacje danych w polskim ekodyskursie prasowym
Authors: Modrzejewska Ewa , Mateja Dagmara
Published: December 2024

Na podstawie analizy celowej próby polskich tekstów prasowych (dzienniki i tygodniki opinii) opublikowanych podczas trwania międzynarodowych szczytów klimatycznych ONZ (COP) w 2015 i 2021 r. charakteryzujemy sposoby wykorzystywania wizualizacji danych, zwracając szczególną uwagę na relację tekst–obraz. Nakreślamy szersze tło tego rodzaju praktyk komunikacyjnych, omawiając w analizie jakościowej wizualizacje danych (klimatycznych) w praktyce medialnej i refleksji naukowej. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwala stwierdzić, że mimo globalnego zainteresowania dziennikarstwem danych, polskie redakcje w obu okresach badawczych wykazywały się konserwatywną strategią redakcyjną, nie wykorzystując w pełni potencjału tej formy przekazu, jeśli chodzi o kwestie klimatyczne. Pojedyncze przykłady wskazują zaś, że wizualizacje mogą zarówno przekazywać skondensowaną informację, ale również upraszczać obraz rzeczywistości i uwiarygadniać tezy autorów.
Central and Local Fiscal Jurisdiction in Romania: A Taxonomy of Property Taxation
Authors: Costea Ioana Maria , Ilucă Despina-Martha
Published: December 2024

The study ensures an inventory of Romanian taxation forms under the criteria of taxable object property. It uses a scale based on the components of property, usus, fructus and abusus, to catalogue all taxation forms regulated under the Romanian Fiscal Code. A secondary criterion extracted from legal provisions is the subject of taxation. Furtherly, the study corelates this inventory with the destination of the revenue, hence the financed budget. It shows that some taxes have a more holistic approach on property as part of an activity flow, while others target property directly. To assess these contents, the study implies answering a quartet of questions: “who?”, “what for?”, “what from?”, “how much?”. The explicit responses allow us to identify the subject of the tax; the chargeable act or fact; the taxable base and rate of each tax. This common base is further transferred in a budgetary key and measured as to the contributory force to central and local budgets. The normative budget factor of distributing revenues from central to local authorities is also illustrated.
Tahsin Demiray’ın Yayıncılık Faaliyetlerinin Cumhuriyetin Yeni Kültür İnşasına Katkıları
Authors: Aygördü Üzeyir
Published: December 2024

Cumhuriyet iradesi, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk liderliğinde devletin yeniden teşkilatlanmasına paralel olarak, Batı medeniyeti örnekliğinde sosyal ve kültürel hayatı düzenleyen bir dizi inkılâp hareketini başlatmıştır. “Muasır medeniyeti yakalama” fikrinin, Türk halkına ulaştırılması ve milli bir hissiyatla kabul görmesini sağlama ihtiyacı ise; görsel, işitsel ve yazılı yayıncılık faaliyetlerine olan ihtiyacı ortaya çıkarmıştır. Cumhuriyetin ilk yılları itibariyle televizyon ve radyo yayıncılığının olmaması sebebiyle bu görev, devletin resmi yazılı yayınları yanında, sivil yazılı yayıncılık faaliyetleri de desteklenerek birlikte yürütülmüştür. Bu noktada yazılı yayıncılık faaliyetlerinde bulunan şahsiyetlerin ve yayınevlerinin, Cumhuriyetin yeni kültür inşasına katkıları önem kazanmaktadır. Tahsin Demiray, kurucusu olduğu Türk Çocuk Edebiyatı Neşriyat Evi, Mektep Neşriyat Yurdu, Türkiye Yayınevi ve Türkiye Basımevi ile Cumhuriyetin ilk yayıncıları arasında yer almıştır. Yarım asra yakın yazarlık ve yayıncılık hayatı boyunca çocuk, kadın ve genel okur kitlesine hitap eden çok sayıda süreli yayını ve telif eseri Türk kültür hayatına kazandırmıştır. Türk toplum yapısındaki kültürel değişime, özellikle çocuk ve kadın okurlara hitap eden süreli yayınlarla önemli bir ivme kazandırdığı görülmektedir. Bu araştırmada Cumhuriyetin yeni kültür inşasına Tahsin Demiray’ın yayıncılık faaliyetleriyle yaptığı katkılar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Yükümlülük Kipliğinin Bir Alt Kategorisi: Zorunluluk Kipliği
Authors: Demir Şahin Gülüzar
Published: December 2024

Dil biliminde zorunluluk ve izin ifadeleriyle ilişkilendirilen yükümlülük kipliği, bireyleri belirli eylemler gerçekleştirmeye ya da bu eylemlerden kaçınmaya zorlayan dil bilimsel kavramları içermektedir. Bu çalışmada yükümlülük kipliğine dair mevcut yaklaşımlardan hareketle yükümlülük kipliğinin anlam alanlarından biri olan zorunluluk kipliğinin açıklanması hedeflenmektedir. Yükümlülük kipliği zorunluluk, izin ve isteme kipliği gibi üç ana başlık altında ele alınmaktadır; ancak bu çalışmada yalnızca zorunluluk kipliği detaylandırılacaktır. Zorunluluk kipliği, güçlü ve zayıf zorunluluk olarak iki alt başlığa ayrılmaktadır. Güçlü zorunluluk, hukuki veya bürokratik yaptırımlarla desteklenen zorlayıcı durumları ifade ederken, zayıf zorunluluk, toplumsal normlar ve beklentiler doğrultusunda ortaya çıkan durumlardır. Bu iki zorunluluk türü arasındaki temel fark, yaptırım gücünün kaynağı ve derecesidir. Güçlü zorunluluk eylemin belirli bir yaptırım altında zorunlu hale gelmesini sağlarken, zayıf zorunluluk bireyin toplumsal çevre veya normlar tarafından belirlenen beklentiler doğrultusunda hareket etme durumunu ifade etmektedir. Çalışmada kiplik işaretleyicilerine odaklanılmamış, bunun yerine zorunluluk kipliğinin cümle bağlamındaki anlamı üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu tercih, dildeki biçimsel ögelerin dışındaki anlamı derinlemesine analiz etmeyi sağlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, toplumsal normlar ve yasal düzenlemelerle etkileşimde bulunan zorunluluk kipliğinin bireylerin eylemlerini yönlendiren bir unsur olarak işlevini araştırarak dil bilimi alanına önemli katkılarda bulunmayı hedeflenmektedir.
Evaluating the Association Between Ambient Pollutants and Climate Conditions in Chiangmai, Thailand
Authors: Piyavadee S. , Chumaporn R.
Published: December 2024

The most significant air pollutant is particulate matter of less than 10 microns (PM10), followed by ozone (O3) during the monitoring period from 2006 to 2022 in Chiangmai. The association between ambient pollutants and climate conditions in Chiangmai was assessed using regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA analysis indicated that the average temperature was associated significantly with the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration in the ambient, but the average rainfall volume was associated significantly with most pollutants except only sulfur dioxide (SO2). From the prediction models, the rise in average temperature affected to increase in the concentrations of PM10 and O3. Interestingly, the increase in rainfall will be advantageous to compromise the severity of all pollutants. Meanwhile, on hotter days should be careful of the rise of PM10 and O3 concentrations. Therefore, the vital meteorological variables associated with air pollution are very useful for forecasting the harmful and severity level of each air pollutant.
Environmental Awareness Toward Issues and Challenges of Sustainable Consumerism in the Indian Apparel Industry
Authors: Jadhav Shivani , Verma Asha
Published: December 2024

This confirmatory study focused on studying the attitude and behavior as well as environmental awareness towards sustainable consumerism. The study also aimed to check if accountability on the part of brands and the government could enhance sustainability in the apparel industry. An empirical inquiry was conducted with 396 respondents, considering they are consumers with purchasing power. The collected data were analyzed using correlation and descriptive analysis. Based on the findings, consumers’ apparel use and brand accountability are positively associated. At the same time, it was found that the attitude and behavior of consumers are the least essential determinants for sustainable apparel consumption. This might imply that their optimistic outlook may not always translate into real purchase behavior, which is consistent with earlier studies. The results of this research provide a foundation for a better comprehension of the many factors, including the sustainability of a clothing brand or product, which may affect consumer behavior. This approach could help the fashion industry develop practical strategies and alter how people think about and utilize apparel in the future.
A Comparative Study on India’s Green Tax Policies Vis-a-Vis China with Reference to Environmental Justice in the Automobile Industry
Authors: Anguralia Naresh , Singh Shamsher
Published: December 2024

As part of green economics, taxes are imposed on emissions of pollutants that adversely impact the environment and public health to reward more innovative, environmentally sustainable, and low-carbon resource use. There are still many nation-states testing the concept of green taxation. Many environmental performance indicators place India low on the list of countries with the worst pollution. One of the main sources of pollution is vehicle exhaust. Green taxes will be imposed on older motor vehicles under guidelines released by the Indian government in 2021. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change received the Indian Nationally Determined Contribution Report in 2022. Taxonomies and low-carbon transport systems were prioritized in India, and incentives and tax breaks were offered to encourage the manufacture and use of vehicles that consume more ethanol. Academic discussions and literature on the subject are still lacking among the masses. Researchers intend to analyze the legal and economic measures taken by the Indian Government to curb vehicular pollution against this background. Due to its significant contribution to air and water pollution, as well as greenhouse gas emissions, the automobile industry has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years. India and China, for instance, have implemented green tax policies to reduce the automotive sector’s environmental footprint and promote environmental sustainability. These policies are effective, but not all of them address the disproportionate impact of environmental injustice on vulnerable populations. Specifically, this study examines the impact of Indian green tax policies on environmental justice in the automobile industry as compared to those in China. A key aim of this study is to provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the green taxation policies adopted by each country in the automotive sector, as well as their implications for achieving environmental justice, by analyzing the scope, enforcement, impact on vulnerable communities, industry implications, and alignment with international commitments.
Contribution of Organic Carbon, Moisture Content, Microbial Biomass-Carbon, and Basal Soil Respiration Affecting Microbial Population in Chronosequence Manganese Mine Spoil
Authors: Dash S. , Kujur M.
Published: December 2024

The research was carried out to determine the potential effect of microbiota, organic carbon, percentage of moisture content, and microbial biomass concentration as an evaluator of variation in basal soil respiration rate. Relative distribution and composition of the microbial population were estimated from six different chronosequence manganese mine spoil (MBO0, MBO2, MBO4, MBO6, MBO8, MBO10) and forest soil (FS). The variation was seen in moisture content (6.494±0.210-11.535±0.072)%, organic carbon (0.126±0.001- 3.469± 0.099)%, MB-C (5.519±1.371- 646.969± 11.428) μg.g-1 of soil. A positive correlation was shown between OC with MB-C (r = 0.938; p< 0.01) and moisture content (MC) (r = 0.962; p< 0.01). Variation in the basal soil respiration (BSR) and microbial metabolic quotients (MMQ) was shown to range between 0.352 ± 0.007- 0.958 ±0.014μg CO2-C.g-1 and 6.5× 10-3 - 1.481×10-3 μg CO2-C.g-1 microbial-C.h-1 with BSR: OC from (2.793-0.276)% respectively. This result shows that there is a gradual increase in OC, MC, MB-C, and BSR across seven different sites due to progressive enhancement in soil fertility that leads to the initialization of succession. Stepwise multiple regression analysis further confirms the degree of variability added by microbial biomass C, moisture content, organic carbon, and microbial population on basal soil respiration in microbes. Principal component analysis enables the differentiation of seven different soil profiles into independent clusters based on cumulative variance given by physico-chemical and microbial attributes that indicate the level of degradation of land and act as an index to restore soil fertility.
De la promisiunile himerice ale „turcului mecanic”, la mythos-ul actualizat al inteligenței artificiale
Authors:   University of Arts, Târgu-Mureș, Zamfirescu Andrei-Călin
Published: December 2024

Built in 1770 by the eccentric engineer Wolfgang von Kempelen, the so-called “Mechanical Turk” is said to have recommended itself as a fully automated proto-robot. Although it was eventually debunked as a fake, recent treatises on the mechanism will have voiced a seductive apology of its ostensible cultural significance, taking into account not only its prototypical pseudo-artificial intelligence valences, but also its performative functionality.
As we will demonstrate, the ethos that engendered the creation of von Kempelen's automaton will have imposed itself both as a symptom of the intellectual paradigm most endemic to the Enlightenment, eager to proclaim the advent of a universal technological brand of soteriology, and also as a recrudescence of those more ancient fascinations harbored by the medieval mind in relation to the phantasmagoric “automata” that often made their appearance at various royal and nobiliary courts, fashioned as they were into objects of “mere” performative entertainment.
A mesterséges választása – határpillanat a zene történetében
Authors:   University of Arts, Târgu-Mureș, Elekes Márta-Adrienne
Published: December 2024

Viewed from above, that is, looking from a historical standpoint, the natural/artificial duality has long been present in various cultures. Their proportion varies, sometimes one takes the lead, sometimes the other is recalled to restore a kind of balance, a straight direction. Beyond these observations and with the benefit of historical distance, it is worth reflecting on and pinpointing which one of them, when, and how it contributed to progress, opened new perspectives, or posed obstacles in unfolding processes. Our examination puts a few hypotheses on the table and scrutinizes aspects related to music, be it sound systems, artistic concepts, the creative process, the relationship between science and the arts, or the field of interpretation and reproduction – all of this, of course, with the aim of leading to a realization that either validates or challenges the legitimacy of using artificial intelligence in the art of sound.
Epistemological approach to the concept of managerial communication
Authors: LAȘCU Lilia , OCHINCĂ Irina
Published: December 2024

The given article presents the epistemological approach to the concept of managerial communication. In this context, the characteristics of managerial communication are elucidated, the functions of educational management are analyzed and functions specific to the studied phenomenon are presented.