bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sentinel lymph node status is the most important prognostic factor in patients with melanoma of the scalp
Authors: Cappello Zachary J. , Augenstein Adam C. , Potts Kevin L. , McMasters Kelly M. , Bumpous Jeffrey M.
Published: April 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

To compare clinicopathologic and prognostic factors associated with scalp melanomas and nonscalp melanomas of the head and neck (H&N).

Study Design

Post hoc analysis of the database from a multi‐institutional, prospective, randomized study.

Methods

Clinicopathologic factors were assessed and correlated with survival and recurrence. Univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting disease‐free survival and overall survival were performed.

Results

Of 405 patients with H&N melanomas ≥1.0 mm Breslow thickness, 109 patients had melanoma of the scalp. All were Caucasian (100%), with most being male (79.5%) with a mean age of 49.8 years. The mean Breslow thickness was 2.4 mm; 25% had signs of ulceration. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) positivity was seen in 20.9% of scalp melanoma patients, and was more likely in younger patients (44.7 vs. 50.8 years, P = .04) and in those with a Breslow thickness of 2 to 4 mm (P = .005). The incidence of locoregional and distant recurrence were similar. Overall survival for scalp melanoma patients was significantly impacted by SLN positivity (P = .03), whereas Breslow thickness and ulceration status predicted poorer survival in nonscalp melanoma patients (P = .005, P < .0001, respectively).

Conclusions

In the Sunbelt Melanoma Trial, SLN status was the strongest predictor of overall survival in scalp melanoma. Tumor thickness and ulceration correlated with poorer overall survival in nonscalp H&N melanoma. The prognostic significance of SLN status in the H&N may vary with the melanoma site.

Level of Evidence

2c.
Design methodology of high‐power and high‐efficiency composite amplifiers
Authors: Djukanovic Milena , Piattella Luca , Roberto Natalino , Tommasino Pasquale , Trifiletti Alessandro
Published: April 2013

A methodology to design high‐power amplifiers composed of several amplifier blocks and passive combiners/dividers is proposed.The optimum matching condition between amplifiers and combiners has been found using the mixed‐mode S‐parameters approach. Measurements and computer‐aided design simulations have been successfully used to validate the proposed approach. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1500–1504, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27600
A novel ultrawideband antenna with switchable notch band
Authors: Dikmen Cengizhan M. , Çimen Sibel , Çakır Gonca
Published: April 2013

In this study, an ultrawideband antenna with variable frequency notch band characteristics is presented. Using only one pin diode, which is mounted to the back side of the antenna, WLAN signals (5.15 and 5.875 GHz) are easily suppressed. The designed antenna bandwidth is 2–11 GHz covering the entire band assigned for the UWB application, which is more than 135%. The detailed design considerations are described in the article. The proposed antenna is implemented, and the experimental results are carried out to validate simulation results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1461–1466, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27602
Compact half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filters with capacitively loaded complementary single split ring resonators
Authors: Huang Liwen , Robertson Ian D. , Yuan Naichang
Published: April 2013

A novel compact half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) filter with capacitively loaded complementary single split ring resonators (CSSRRs) is presented in this article.The proposed structure demonstrates lower resonant frequency and enhanced miniaturization compared to the HMSIW with conventional CSSRRs due to the additional capacitance generated by an additional conductor connected to the inner metal disk and overlaid across the ground plane of the CSSRR. Even lower resonant frequency and greater miniaturization can be achieved conveniently by increasing the area of the overlap or using thin dielectric substrate and the technique can readily be realized in a range of multilayer technologies. The equivalent circuit model for the proposed structure of the HMSIW with the capacitively loaded CSSRR is derived and a second‐order bandpass filter with the proposed structure, operating at 4.92 GHz, is designed and fabricated. Excellent agreement is achieved between the simulation and the measurement. The proposed HMSIW filter with capacitively loaded CSSRRs shows good selectivity, low loss, and compact size, with the total size being only 9.8 × 7 mm2 (0.17 λ0 × 0.115 λ0) without the feed lines. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1602–1606, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27604
Low phase noise oscillator using a new planar hairpin resonator for X‐band applications
Authors: Shrestha Bhanu , Yoon Ki‐Cheol , Lee Jeong‐Hun
Published: April 2013

This article proposed a new high loaded quality factor (QL) hairpin resonator with a combination of a stepped impedance resonator and single split ring resonator and its application to low phase noise oscillator for X‐band applications.A new resonator has a good characteristic of S‐parameter responses. The microwave oscillator is designed at 10 GHz that exhibited a low phase noise characteristic due to the high loaded QL of the new resonator. A series feedback network is used to generate the negative resistance to make oscillation. Experimental results of the microwave oscillator show the phase noise characteristic of −103.69 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset with output power of 15.56 dBm. The second harmonic suppression is −32.25 dBc, which is very important in wireless communication system. The figure of merit of the fabricated oscillator is −180 dBc/Hz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1508–1511, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27608
A 5‐GHz 4/8‐element MIMO antenna system for IEEE 802.11AC devices
Authors: Sharawi Mohammad S.
Published: April 2013

A highly compact 2 × 2 (four element) and 2 × 4 (eight element) multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna systems are designed for the IEEE 802.11ac standard. The antennas operate in the 5‐GHz band with a minimum effective bandwidth of 80 MHz. The elements of the MIMO antenna system are patch antennas loaded with complementary split‐ring resonators. A minimum isolation of 10.5 dB and maximum gain of −0.8 dBi are measured. Total size of the MIMO antenna systems is 50 × 100 × 0.8 mm3. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1589–1594, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27611
Control scheme of harmonics and third‐order intermodulation distortion with composite right/left‐handed structure for linearity enhancement of power amplifier module
Authors: Lee Chongmin , Seo Chulhun
Published: April 2013

In this article, in order to enhance the linearity of power amplifier modules (PAM), we have suppressed the harmonics at the output port of a high‐power amplifier (HPA) and cancelled the third‐order intermodulation distortion (third IMD) by a predistortion scheme. The matching network to suppress the harmonics consists of metamaterial like the composite right/left‐handed structure. Both the second and third harmonics are suppressed over 27 dBc. A phase of generated third IMD at the output of the drive amplifier has changed in order to offset the third IMD of HPA. The harmonics of the proposed PAM suppresses over 6 dB more than a single HPA and over 20 dB more than a reference power amplifier. The PAM has 37 dBm of output power and 21.6 dB of power gain. The second harmonic and third IMD are −53 and −42.5 dBc about PAM, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1497–1500, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27625
Design and accuracy analysis of a broadband six‐port reflectometer utilizing coupled‐line directional couplers
Authors: Staszek Kamil , Gruszczynski Slawomir , Wincza Krzysztof
Published: April 2013

A design of a broadband six‐port reflectometer has been presented.Broad bandwidth has been achieved with the use of coupled‐line directional couplers. An appropriate modification of a standard six‐port which ensures uniform circle centers' distribution against frequency has been proposed. The influence of power detectors' uncertainty on the calibration procedure and measurement results is discussed, and the estimated measurement accuracy is given. The performance of the presented six‐port reflectometer has been experimentally verified by measurements of the reflection coefficient in a frequency range 2–3.5 GHz. The obtained results are in good agreement with measurements performed with a commercial vector network analyzer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1485–1490, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27607
A compact high directional beam antenna for WiMAX and WiFi application
Authors: Jusoh Muzammil , Jamlos M.F. , Kamarudin Muhammad R. , Sabapathy Thenna , Jais Mohd I.
Published: April 2013

A high directional beam antenna for wireless interoperability microwave access (WiMAX) and wireless fidelity (WiFi) is proposed. With a single circular radiator and a full ground plane, the antenna has successfully achieved a high directional gain of 6.7 dBi. Moreover, the proposed antenna is compact with a square substrate dimension of 50 × 50 mm2. The implementation of the slot with a dimension of 0.8 × 10 mm2 at the center of the radiator has resulted the circular current distribution that leads to the antenna efficiency of up to 87%. The patch antenna performed under tolerable S11 of −10 dB covering operating frequencies of 2.36 GHz up to 2.40 GHz. Parametric study of the narrow slot size, coaxial port position, and the substrate size have been conducted in order to achieve the best antenna dimension with an optimum performance. The measured radiation patterns of the proposed single antenna show a top main beam of 0° and a peak side‐lobe level of −17.6 dB, exhibiting a good agreement with the simulated results. Both simulation and measurement results prove that this optimized circular antenna is reliable for IEEE 802.16d fixed WiMAX, IEEE 802.16e mobile WiMAX, and WiFi application. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1686–1692, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27638
Second harmonic suppression bandpass filter using nonuniform open stubs
Authors: Jun Sungyun , Chang Kai
Published: April 2013

This article presents a bandpass filter with second harmonic suppression using nonuniform open stubs.The proposed bandpass filter uses the nonuniform open stub instead of the uniform open stub to suppress the second spurious harmonic frequency. The nonuniform open stub consists of two serial combined stepped impedance resonators with different characteristic impedances and different electrical lengths. The use of nonuniform open stubs improves the second harmonic suppression. The proposed bandpass filter using nonuniform open stub provides the broad bandwidth outside the passband without external circuits. The proposed bandpass filter has a return loss below 10 dB from 2.42 to 2.54 GHz and improved second harmonic suppression of 48 dB at 4.54 GHz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1451–1453, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27640
Versatile and efficient hybrid‐ring architecture for advanced radar functionalities
Authors: Zucca Marco , Ciattaglia Matteo , Pintauro Roberto , Valerio Guido , Galli Alessandro
Published: April 2013

An original architecture based on composite configurations of printed‐circuit hybrid rings is developed for flexible signal‐processing functionalities in advanced monopulse radar applications. The modularity of the proposed topology, together with proper design choices, strongly simplifies the structure of the beam forming network, reducing the relevant ohmic losses, and consequently improving the antenna gain. The circuit also allows us to manage only two radio frequency channels (instead of the conventional three), combining the delta‐ and omnidirectional channel functions. The principles of the structure are presented, and a specific layout is designed. Stripline prototypes are fabricated and tested for L‐band applications. The compared results of simulations and measurements fully confirm the interesting performance of this device. The versatility of the architecture is illustrated further considering alternative circuit implementations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1663–1670, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27647
Frequency switchable branch‐line hybrid coupler
Authors: Chongcheawchamnan Mitchai , Julrat Sakol , Shafique Mohammad F. , Pamornak Burawich , Robertson Ian D.
Published: April 2013

This article first presents a frequency‐selectable branch‐line hybrid coupler.To provide a frequency‐selection function, a dual‐band band‐pass transmission‐line transformer (TLT) with a frequency selective function is used. This is achieved by replacing a dual‐band TLT with a variable capacitively loaded spur‐line filter. The technique is demonstrated with a design at 0.8 and 1.75 GHz. Measured S‐parameter results confirm the validity of the technique. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1661–1663, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27648
Erratum: Analysis of crosstalk between 10 Gb/s × 64 channels in two‐pump fiber optical parametric amplifier
Authors: Callegari Fulvio A. , Marconi Jorge D. , Fragnito Hugo L.
Published: April 2013

Originally published Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:926–929, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1703, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27668 (Original article DOI 10.1002/mop.27408)
Psychologic Disorders and Statin Use: A Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis
Authors: Mansi Ishak , Frei Christopher R. , Pugh Mary J. , Mortensen Eric M.
Published: April 2013

Study Objective

To evaluate the association between statin therapy and the risk of psychologic disorders including schizophrenia, psychosis, major depression, and bipolar disorder in a military population.

Design

Retrospective, observational, population‐based, propensity score‐matched, cohort study.

Setting

Database of a patient population enrolled in the San Antonio Military Multi‐Market Area as Tricare Prime or Plus.

Patients

Medical records were reviewed from 46,249 patients aged 30–85 years who were continuously enrolled in the San Antonio Military Multi‐Market Area as Tricare Prime or Plus from October 1, 2003–March 1, 2010. Data were obtained from the Military Health System Management Analysis and Reporting Tool (M2). Based on drug fills during fiscal year 2005, patients were stratified as statin users (13,626 patients received at least 90‐days supply of statin) or nonusers (32,623 patients never received a statin during the study period). A propensity score‐matched cohort of 6972 statin users and 6972 nonusers from this population was created.

Measurements and Main Results

The occurrence of psychologic disorders between October 1, 2005, and March 1, 2010, was determined using prespecified groups of ICD‐9‐CM, Psych1: schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, and other psychosis; Psych2: major depression and bipolar disorder; Psych3: all psychologic disorders as identified by the Agency for Health Research and Quality‐Clinical Classifications (except for categories of childhood or developmental psychiatric disorders). Between matched pairs of statin users and nonusers, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were as follows: Psych1 (0.9, 0.75–1.05), Psych2 (1.02, 0.94–1.11), and Psych3 (1.02, 0.96–1.1), respectively.

Conclusion

The risk of developing psychologic disorders was similar in this cohort of propensity score‐matched statin users and nonusers.
Investigation of charge transport properties in conducting copolymers of aniline with 3‐aminobenzenesulfonic acid for their applications as antistatic encapsulation materials blended with low‐density polyethylene
Authors: Kaur Amarjeet , Saharan Ritu , Dhawan Sundeep K
Published: April 2013

The electrostatic charge dissipative (ESD) properties of conducting self‐doped and PTSA-doped copolymers of aniline (AA), o‐methoxyaniline (methoxy AA) and o‐ethoxyaniline (ethoxy AA) with 3‐aminobenzenesulfonic acid (3‐ABSA) blended with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) were investigated in the presence of external dopant p‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). Blending of copolymers with LDPE was carried out in a twin‐screw extruder by melt blending by loading 1.0 and 2.0 wt% of conducting copolymer in the LDPE matrix. The conductivity of the blown polymers blended with LDPE was in the range 10−12–10−6 S cm−1, showing their potential use as antistatic materials for the encapsulation of electronic equipment. The DC conductivity of all self‐doped homopolymers and PTSA‐doped copolymers was measured in the range 100–373 K. The room temperature conductivity (S cm−1) of self‐doped copolymers was: poly(3‐ABSA‐co‐AA), 7.73 × 10−4; poly(3‐ABSA‐co‐methoxy AA), 3.06 × 10−6; poly(3‐ABSA‐co‐ethoxy AA), 2.99 × 10−7; and of PTSA‐doped copolymers was: poly(3‐ABSA‐co‐AA), 4.34 × 10−2; poly(3‐ABSA‐co‐methoxy AA), 9.90 × 10−5; poly(3‐ABSA‐co‐ethoxy AA), 1.10 × 10−5. The observed conduction mechanism for all the samples could be explained in terms of Mott's variable range hopping model; however, ESD properties are dependent upon the electrical conductivity. The antistatic decay time is least for the PTSA‐doped poly(3‐ABSA‐co‐AA), which has maximum conductivity among all the samples. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Nonassociativity, Malcev algebras and string theory
Authors: Günaydin M. , Minic D.
Published: April 2013

Nonassociative structures have appeared in the study of D‐branes in curved backgrounds. In recent work, string theory backgrounds involving three‐form fluxes, where such structures show up, have been studied in more detail. We point out that under certain assumptions these nonassociative structures coincide with nonassociative Malcev algebras which had appeared in the quantum mechanics of systems with non‐vanishing three‐cocycles, such as a point particle moving in the field of a magnetic charge. We generalize the corresponding Malcev algebras to include electric as well as magnetic charges. These structures find their classical counterpart in the theory of Poisson‐Malcev algebras and their generalizations. We also study their connection to Stueckelberg's generalized Poisson brackets that do not obey the Jacobi identity and point out that nonassociative string theory with a fundamental length corresponds to a realization of his goal to find a non‐linear extension of quantum mechanics with a fundamental length. Similar nonassociative structures are also known to appear in the cubic formulation of closed string field theory in terms of open string fields, leading us to conjecture a natural string‐field theoretic generalization of the AdS/CFT‐like (holographic) duality.
Therapeutic Effect of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae on Gouty Arthritis Based on the SDF‐1/CXCR 4 and p38 MAPK Pathway: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study
Authors: Lu Fang , Liu Lei , Yu Dong‐hua , Li Xu‐zhao , Zhou Qi , Liu Shu‐min
Published: April 2013

Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae (RDN) is a widely used traditional Chinese herb, which is used to treat arthroncus, arthrodynia and arthritis. As is known to us, inflammatory mechanisms have played an important role in the occurrence, course and prognosis of gouty arthritis (GA). The aim of this study was to determine the characteristic expressed proteins of synovium in GA rat and synovial cell. The rat model of GA was induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal. Tissue samples were assayed by immunohistochemical method. The effects of RDN on Stromal cell‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1), CXCR 4 and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) were investigated in MSU crystal‐induced rat. The levels of SDF‐1 and mitogen‐activated kinase kinase (MKK) 3/6 were measured by Western Blot in interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) incubated fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS). A significant increase in the levels of SDF‐1, CXCR 4 and p38 MAPK were observed in MSU crystal‐induced rat. The increased SDF‐1 and MKK 3/6 levels were observed in IL‐1β incubated FLS. With the treatment of RDN, the above changes were reverted back to near normal levels. RDN might have some therapeutic effects on GA through SDF‐1/CXCR 4 and p38 MAPK pathway, and dioscin may be the active compound in RDN to exert therapeutic effect on GA. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the global NmF2 from the GNSS‐derived TEC‐GIMs
Authors: Yu You , Wan Weixing , Zhao Biqiang , Chen Yiding , Xiong Bo , Liu Libo , Liu Jing , Ren Zhipeng , Li Ming
Published: April 2013

Based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA), we propose a technique to map the peak electron density of the ionospheric F2‐layer (NmF2) from the global observations of the total electron content (TEC). We first statistically analyze the canonical correlation between NmF2 and TEC using the NmF2 observations of the worldwide ionosonde stations and global ionospheric maps (GIMs) of TEC (TEC‐GIMs) provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The obtained CCA modes consist of the CCA patterns and corresponding amplitudes, which separately reflect the short‐term (e.g., diurnal variation) and long‐term (e.g., annual, semiannual variations, and solar‐cycle variations, etc.) tendencies of NmF2. With the obtained CCA patterns and corresponding amplitudes, we then construct two TEC‐derived models of the monthly median NmF2, a single station model at Boulder (105.3°W, 40°N) and a global model. The CCA results are further compared with the observations and corresponding NmF2 predictions of the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI‐07). It is found that the CCA NmF2 is in better agreement with the observations at Boulder than the IRI‐07 NmF2. On the other hand, the temporal and spatial structures of NmF2 are successfully reproduced by the global model. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient (root mean square error) of the CCA NmF2 versus the observed NmF2 is relatively higher (lower) than that of IRI‐07 NmF2. The CCA NmF2 from the global model is more reliable. Thus, we conclude that the CCA technique provides an effective approach to map the global NmF2 from the TEC‐GIMs.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Sodium and Calcium ­Complexes with the Ligand N‐(2,6‐Dimethylphenyl)diphenylphosphinic Amide
Authors: Naktode Kishor , Kottalanka Ravi K. , Jana Salil K. , Panda Tarun K.
Published: April 2013

The sodium complex [{Ph2P(O)NH(2,6‐Me2C6H3)}Na{Ph2P(O)N(2,6‐Me2C6H3)}]2 (2) with the ligand N‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)diphenylphosphinic amide was synthesized involving the reaction of the neutral ligand [Ph2P(O)NH(2,6‐Me2C6H3)] (1) and sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in toluene at 60 °C. The calcium complex [{Ph2P(O)NH(2,6‐Me2C6H3)CaI(THF)3}I] (3) was obtained by the reaction between the neutral ligand 1 and anhydrous calcium diiodide in THF at ambient temperature. The solid‐state structures of the complexes were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In the solid‐state structure of 2, the sodium ion is coordinated through the chelation of oxygen atom attached to the phosphorus atom. Two different P–N and P–O bond lengths are observed, which indicates that one ligand moiety is anionic, whereas the second one is neutral. In the solid‐state structure of 3, the calcium atom adopts distorted octahedral arrangement through the ligation of two phosphinic amide ligands, three THF molecules, and one iodide ion.
Ba2Cd(B3O6)2: A Congruent‐Melting Compound with Isolated B3O6 Units
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Cui Liang , Shi Yunjing , Pan Shilie , Zhou Zhongxiang , Yang Zhihua , Zhang Bingbing , Jiang Xiangzhan , Yang Yun , Chen Zhaohui , Huang Zhenjun
Published: April 2013

The single crystals of Ba2Cd(B3O6)2 were grown by the spontaneous crystallization method for the first time. They crystallize in the centrosymmetric trigonal space group R$\bar{3}$ with a = 7.143(3) Å, c = 17.405(16) Å, and Z = 3. The structure is characterized by isolated B3O6 units, and the Ba2+ and Cd2+ cations connect with B3O6 rings to form three dimensional structure. The TG/DSC and XRD results reveal that Ba2Cd(B3O6)2 melts congruently. First‐principles electronic structure calculation performed with the density functional theory (DFT) method shows that the calculated bandgaps are 4.66 eV, which is in good agreement with the UV/Vis/NIR experimental value 4.59 eV. The calculation shows that the Ba2Cd(B3O6)2 crystal has a large birefringence (Δn = 0.0875–0.0569 from 270 nm to 2600 nm), which demonstrates that Ba2Cd(B3O6)2 is a potential birefringence crystal.
Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of Copper(II), Cobalt(II), and Cadmium(II) Complexes with Flexible Multicarboxylate Ligand
Authors: Xu Xianrui , Pan Xiaobo , Tang Sifu , Lv Xiaoxia , Li Liangjun , Zhao Xuebo
Published: April 2013

Three new coordination polymers, namely, [CuL0.5] (1), [Co(H2L)(H2O)2][H2O] (2), and [(CdCl)0.5Cd0.25(H2L)0.5] (3) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions from the corresponding CuII, CoII, and CdII salts with a multidentate ligand of 2,2′,2′′,2′′′‐[2,3,5,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylenebis(methylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid (H4L). The complexes were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR, thermogravimetric, and elemental analyses. Complex 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca and has a three‐dimensional architecture with infinite two‐dimensional networks linked together by weak Cu–O interactions. Complex 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1) and displays a 2D network. Complex 3 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4(2)/ncm and exhibits an infinite 3D architecture that has unusual [Cd2(CO2)4Cl2] dinuclear paddle‐wheel units and [Cd(CO2)4] dodecahedron units. The results showed that the coordination arrangement of central metal atoms and the conformation and coordination mode of organic ligands play an important role in determining the structure of the complexes. The luminescence property of complex 3 was studied in the solid state at room temperature.
miR‐145 inhibits isoproterenol‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by targeting the expression and localization of GATA6
Authors: Li Ruotian , Yan Guijun , Zhang Qun , Jiang Yue , Sun Haixiang , Hu Yali , Sun Jianxin , Xu Biao
Published: April 2013

Excessive βAR stimulation is an independent factor in inducing pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we report miR‐145 regulates both expression and localization of GATA6, thereby protecting the heart against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol (ISO). The protective activity of miR‐145 was associated with down‐regulation of ANF, BNP and β‐MHC expression, a decreased rate of protein synthesis, inhibited cardiomyocyte growth and the modulation of several signaling pathways including ERK1/2, JNK and Akt‐GSK3β. The anti‐hypertrophic effect was abrogated by exogenous over‐expression of transcription factor GATA6 which was further identified as a direct target of miR‐145. In addition, GSK3β antagonists, LiCl and TDZD8, restored the nuclear accumulation of GATA6, which was attenuated by miR‐145 Finally, we observed a dynamic pattern of miR‐145 expression in ISO‐treated NRCMs and in the hearts of TAC mice. Together, our results identify miR‐145 as an important regulator in cardiac hypertrophy.
Sozialstatus und körperlich-sportliche Aktivität
Authors: Lampert Thomas
Published: April 2013

Einleitung

Analysen zu Unterschieden in der körperlich-sportlichen Aktivität nach dem Sozialstatus zeigen die Bedeutung von zielgruppenorientierten bewegungs- und sportfördernden Maßnahmen auf. Nach aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen ist dabei zu berücksichtigen, dass Personen mit niedrigem Sozialstatus seltener Sport treiben, während sie im Alltag häufiger körperlich aktiv sind als Personen mit höherem Sozialstatus.
Kissing Clodius: a note on Catullus 79
Authors: Trappes-Lomax John
Published: April 2013

Lesbius est pulcer. quid ni? quern Lesbia malit

quam te cum tota gente, Catulle, tua.

sed tamen hic pulcer uendat cum gente Catullum,

si tria notorum sauia reppererit.

notorum is the reading of O; GR have natorum, which is now generally rejected; among other things Catullus himself had no children and could hardly use childlessness as an insult, even if Clodius' children had not been born at the time of the poem. On the other hand notorum has caused some degree of unease; Skinner (1982) 203–4 takes it as meaning not only ‘acquaintances’ but also ‘well-known, distinguished men’, though there seems no evidence for such a meaning for substantival noti; it could also theoretically be the genitive plural of notor; likewise Birt (1904) 470 suggested that it is a partitive genitive with sauiorum understood; to leave even the possibility of such ambiguities is untypical of Catullus. Calphurnius and Heinsius, who were of course unaware of O's notorum, suggested amatorum; this accounts for natorum with the loss of a by haplography and consequent alteration of m to n to produce a Latin word, but it does not account for notorum; furthermore it is a word not used elsewhere by Catullus, and there would be an awkward ambiguity between ‘lovers’ and ‘well-wishers’; cf. OLD s.v. It will be suggested here that amatorum is almost right, and that we should read amicorum.
Chinese whispers
Authors: Wardy Robert
Published: April 2013

On the hideous spectacle of the pair spending their evenings in shorthand schools and polytechnic classes, learning bookkeeping and typewriting with incipient junior clerks, male and female, from the elementary schools, let me not dwell. There were even classes at the London School of Economics, and a humble personal appeal to the director of that institution to recommend a course bearing on the flower business. He, being a humourist, explained to them the method of the celebrated Dickensian essay on Chinese Metaphysics by the gentleman who read an article on China and an article on Metaphysics and combined the information.

George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion
The king and eye: the rule of the father in Greek tragedy
Authors: Griffith Mark
Published: April 2013

Athenian tragedy is a ‘representation of élite practice …’, focusing primarily on the actions of ‘people superior to us’ in their moral and social station. Although it is debatable exactly what Aristotle means by σπουδαῖος in the context of a tragic plot, and to what degree his theory of tragedy is wedded to a belief in the social, as well as ethical, ‘superiority’ of the leading characters, there is no denying the obvious fact that the surviving plays draw a sharp line between the ‘serious’ (or ‘better kind of’) characters, whose decisions, actions, and sufferings form the core (or ‘soul’) of the plot, and the minor characters (‘us’) who form the socio-political context for those decisions and actions, and whose attitudes and desires tend to be affected by, but never to cause or determine, the key crises and reversals of that plot. The ‘serious’ characters are invariably royal or noble, while the minor characters are of markedly lower status. Thus, while it may be correct to describe Athenian tragedy as ‘polyphonic’ and ‘egalitarian’ in its form, in so far as it gives generous opportunities for female, servile, foreign, and lower-class voices to be heard, along with – and even in opposition to – the voices of the aristocratic main characters, the trajectory of the plots, along with the costumes and spatial arrangements of the theatre itself, nonetheless tend to reassert very strongly the differences between high and low, ‘superior’ and ordinary.
TheTristiaof a Greek refugee: Michael Marullus and the politics of Latin subjectivity after the fall of Constantinople (1453)
Authors: Haskell Yasmin
Published: April 2013

Almost everything we know of Michael Marullus – Greek exile, Neoplatonist, mercenary soldier – is mediated by his poetry, much of which seems positively to invite biographical decoding. The poet tells us he was conceived in the year Constantinople fell to the Turks (1453), after which his family fled, via Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik), to Italy. Here he grew up under theIliadae … tecta Remi(Siena?), received an excellent education, and from an early age was frequenting the humanist academy of Giovanni Pontano at Naples. Marullus reports that when just seventeen, fate tore him away from his studies and plunged him into a military career (Epig.2.32.71–3). Between wars, both abroad and within Italy, he composed Latin poetry – including four books of controversial ‘pagan’ hymns –, edited Lucretius, and fraternised with such prominent figures in the literary and intellectual culture of the day as Jacopo Sannazaro and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. Severed from an eventful life by a fittingly dramatic death, Marullus drowned in an attempt to cross the river Cecina in full flood. His poetic talents were much appreciated in his own time, for example by Leonardo Da Vinci and Thomas More. The love lyrics to ‘Neaera’, though perhaps stiff and conventional to modern taste, inspired Ronsard. His untimely death drew Latin epitaphs from all over Italy.
Nomentanus
Authors: Mattingly H.
Published: April 2013

The denarius of L. Atilius has, for types, obv. Head of Bellona, in winged helmet: XVI—rev. Victory driving biga r.: l. atili: nom on tablet under horses. There are here two features of interest—the mark of value (XVI) and the nom instead of roma on the tablet. It comes near the close of the first period of Roman denarii, with stereotyped obverse, head of Bellona, and reverses Dioscuri or Diana or Victory in a biga. On general grounds of style, a date ca. 140–130 B.C. or later would be assigned.

The mark of value XVI occurs for L. Atilius and five other moneyers only. It is most natural to suppose that the new mark appears when the valuation of the denarius was changed from X to XVI. Pliny and Festus place this change in 217 B.C., in the Second Punic War. But here for once we are compelled to desert our ancient authorities. A change of standard there was in 217, but a much earlier one than this. The coins with XVI can be assigned with certainty to a much later date, and the appearance of the new mark must coincide with the change in tariff. After XVI follows the new mark , which certainly denotes the same value: but x persists in use with it for a time, suggesting that the old tariff of 10 to the denarius continued to subsist beside the new.
Sophocles, ‘Electra’ 1205–10
Authors: Dawe R. D.
Published: April 2013

The attribution of lines to different speakers in Greek tragedy is a matter on which MSS have notoriously little authority. As for Electra itself, there are at least three places where the name of the heroine has been incorrectly added in some or all MSS. In my Studies in the Text of Sophocles, I, 198, I list these places and suggest that the same error has happened at a fourth place, viz. 1323. The purpose of the present note is to suggest that at El. 1205–10 the same mistake has happened yet again.

The situation is that Electra is holding the urn which she falsely believes to contain the ashes of her dead brother, Orestes. But Orestes is alive, and before her at this very moment. He is trying to persuade her to give up the urn. If the text before us had been preserved in a MS devoid of ascriptions to speakers, no one would have been so perverse as to do what all MSS and editors do in fact do, namely attribute the words οὔ φημ᾿ ἐάσειν to Orestes.
The Capture of Silenus
Authors: Hubbard M.
Published: April 2013

A possible place to start yet one more discussion of the song of Silenus is to reiterate Otto Skutsch's ‘robuste Fragestellung’ of 1956: ‘Was will im Grunde die sechste Ekloge besagen?’ One could argue that the answer is ‘Gar nichts’: this is perhaps the implication of some treatments, notably of Zeph Stewart's article and of at least the first part of Williams's discussion of the poem in Tradition and originality in Roman poetry. Anyway it is a tenable hypothesis that we should regard the values of the sixth Eclogue as purely formal and that it is a positive error to look behind its exquisite formal ποικιλία for some discursive statement about life or poetry or both. ‘Look behind’ is certainly what in this case we have to do if we want a discursive statement, because overtly the poem makes no such statement. But from antiquity to now it has been hard to rest with the hypothesis that the poem's values are purely formal, and this recurrent unease seems motivated by something about the poem, not just something about its readers: reluctant or not, at intervals most of us do grit our teeth and say: ‘Etwas besagt sie schon.’ The variety of views about what that something might be and the sad banality that the something too often turns out to exhibit have not so far deterred us from trying to find it.
‘Si credere dignum est’: some expressions of disbelief in Euripides and others
Authors: Stinton T. C. W.
Published: April 2013

In this paper I shall review some common expressions of scepticism or disbelief, as they are used in Greek literature. I shall argue that these are frequently not at all what they purport to be, and express not disbelief but some quite different attitude. I shall then try to show how this applies to some apparent expressions of scepticism about myth or religion in Euripides.

Suppose someone tells me a powerful real life story about a Cabinet Minister or the President of the United States. I might respond with a number of expressions which purport to cast doubt on its truth— ‘incredible’, ‘fantastic’, ‘I don't believe it’, ‘I can't believe it’, and so on—but in fact simply comment on the striking, surprising, shocking or truth-is-stranger-than-fiction aspects of the story, and no more deny its truth than would, e.g., ‘amazing, Holmes!’ Indeed, ‘I can't believe it’ generally means that the speaker does believe it, for good or ill. Again, suppose I say ‘I can't believe that a Parliament House will be built in Swansea’.
Horatian Notes IV: despised readings in the manuscripts of Satires Book 1
Authors: Brink C.O.
Published: April 2013

In three earlier instalments of these ‘Horatian Notes’ (1969, 1971, 1982) I have tried to weigh the claims to truth of manuscript variants in the transmitted text of Odes and Epodes. In the Satires there is so much of that sort of thing that I have had to restrict myself to Book 1. Now, as well as earlier, disagreements with the decisions of all or most contemporary editors arise. I note, however, that this paper was written before D. R. Shackleton Bailey's edition appeared in 1985. Readers of the present notes will find that we have come, independently if perhaps unsurprisingly, to similar conclusions on a number of passages.

There is then much to say, and because of a plethora of evidence I do not propose to comment on the numerous cases where editors of the last half-century or so make what I regard as the right choice, yet, in one way or another, give rise to the suspicion that they do so for the wrong reasons. Thus at 1.1.38 very few editors now follow Keller and Vollmer, not to mention many of their early predecessors, in printing patiens to describe ‘the tiny ant’ in the animal fable designed to illustrate human failings. With Lambinus and Bentley, they do now print sapiens; yet a perusal of commentaries shows how right was A. Palmer, not usually a herald of Bentley's virtues, to refer to Bentley's note both in his app. crit. and his commentary. It is possible to print sapiens and yet to misunderstand it as ‘prudent, thrifty’; so e.g. L. Mueller. A reference to Bentley (and here also to Lambinus), which can be provided briefly in an app. crit. as much as in a commentary, is here and often elsewhere a reminder of good sense. Nevertheless, in order to save space I pass by such cases in this paper. Nor, as a rule, do I discuss cases where the quality of variants, whether preserved directly or indirectly, happens to be more or less balanced.
Characterization of drug‐induced transcriptional modules: towards drug repositioning and functional understanding
Authors: Iskar Murat , Zeller Georg , Blattmann Peter , Campillos Monica , Kuhn Michael , Kaminska Katarzyna H , Runz Heiko , Gavin Anne‐Claude , Pepperkok Rainer , van Noort Vera , Bork Peer
Published: April 2013

In pharmacology, it is crucial to understand the complex biological responses that drugs elicit in the human organism and how well they can be inferred from model organisms. We therefore identified a large set of drug‐induced transcriptional modules from genome‐wide microarray data of drug‐treated human cell lines and rat liver, and first characterized their conservation. Over 70% of these modules were common for multiple cell lines and 15% were conserved between the human in vitro and the rat in vivo system. We then illustrate the utility of conserved and cell‐type‐specific drug‐induced modules by predicting and experimentally validating (i) gene functions, e.g., 10 novel regulators of cellular cholesterol homeostasis and (ii) new mechanisms of action for existing drugs, thereby providing a starting point for drug repositioning, e.g., novel cell cycle inhibitors and new modulators of α‐adrenergic receptor, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor and estrogen receptor. Taken together, the identified modules reveal the conservation of transcriptional responses towards drugs across cell types and organisms, and improve our understanding of both the molecular basis of drug action and human biology.
The vascular smooth muscle cell: a therapeutic target in Type 2 diabetes?
Authors: Porter Karen E. , Riches Kirsten
Published: April 2013

The rising epidemic of T2DM (Type 2 diabetes mellitus) worldwide is of significant concern. The inherently silent nature of the disease in its early stages precludes early detection; hence cardiovascular disease is often established by the time diabetes is diagnosed. This increased cardiovascular risk leads to significant morbidity and mortality in these individuals. Progressive development of complications as a result of previous exposure to metabolic disturbances appears to leave a long-lasting impression on cells of the vasculature that is not easily reversed and is termed ‘metabolic memory’. SMCs (smooth muscle cells) of blood vessel walls, through their inherent ability to switch between a contractile quiescent phenotype and an active secretory state, maintain vascular homoeostasis in health and development. This plasticity also confers SMCs with the essential capacity to adapt and remodel in pathological states. Emerging clinical and experimental studies propose that SMCs in diabetes may be functionally impaired and thus contribute to the increased incidence of macrovascular complications. Although this idea has general support, the underlying molecular mechanisms are currently unknown and hence are the subject of intense research. The aim of the present review is to explore and evaluate the current literature relating to the problem of vascular disease in T2DM and to discuss the critical role of SMCs in vascular remodelling. Possibilities for therapeutic strategies specifically at the level of T2DM SMCs, including recent novel advances in the areas of microRNAs and epigenetics, will be evaluated. Since restoring glucose control in diabetic patients has limited effect in ameliorating their cardiovascular risk, discovering alternative strategies that restrict or reverse disease progression is vital. Current research in this area will be discussed.
microRNAs in cardiac development and regeneration
Authors: Porrello Enzo R.
Published: April 2013

Heart development involves the precise orchestration of gene expression during cardiac differentiation and morphogenesis by evolutionarily conserved regulatory networks. miRNAs (microRNAs) play important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, and recent studies have established critical functions for these tiny RNAs in almost every facet of cardiac development and disease. The realization that miRNAs are amenable to therapeutic manipulation has also generated considerable interest in the potential of miRNA-based drugs for the treatment of a number of human diseases, including cardiovascular disease. In the present review, I discuss well-established and emerging roles of miRNAs in cardiac development, their relevance to congenital heart disease and unresolved questions in the field for future investigation, as well as emerging therapeutic possibilities for cardiac regeneration.
Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Ethanol from the Triple Point to 600 K and up to 245 MPa
Authors: Assael M. J. , Sykioti E. A. , Huber M. L. , Perkins R. A.
Published: April 2013

This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of ethanol. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that have been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 600 K and pressures up to 245 MPa. The overall uncertainty (at the 95% confidence level) of the proposed correlation is estimated to be less than 4.6%.
Nonorthogonal orbital based N-body reduced density matrices and their applications to valence bond theory. I. Hamiltonian matrix elements between internally contracted excited valence bond wave functions
Authors: Chen Zhenhua , Chen Xun , Wu Wei
Published: April 2013

In this series, the n-body reduced density matrix (n-RDM) approach for nonorthogonal orbitals and their applications to ab initio valence bond (VB) methods are presented. As the first paper of this series, Hamiltonian matrix elements between internally contracted VB wave functions are explicitly provided by means of nonorthogonal orbital based RDM approach. To this end, a more generalized Wick's theorem, called enhanced Wick's theorem, is presented both in arithmetical and in graphical forms, by which the deduction of expressions for the matrix elements between internally contracted VB wave functions is dramatically simplified, and the matrix elements are finally expressed in terms of tensor contractions of electronic integrals and n-RDMs of the reference VB self-consistent field wave function. A string-based algorithm is developed for the purpose of evaluating n-RDMs in an efficient way. Using the techniques presented in this paper, one is able to develop new methods and efficient algorithms for nonorthogonal orbital based many-electron theory much easier than by use of the first quantized formulism.