bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thực trạng tăng huyết áp và nguy cơ ngã ở người cao tuổi điều trị ngoại trú tại Bệnh viện Lão khoa Trung ương
Authors: Anh Hà Thị Vân , Anh Nguyễn Trung , Thắng Phạm , Huyền Vũ Thị Thanh
Published: October 2021

Nghiên cứu đánh giá thực trạng tăng huyết áp (THA) và mối liên quan với nguy cơ ngã ở bệnh nhân ngoại trú cao tuổi. Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện trên 529 bệnh nhân từ 60 tuổi trở lên, không suy giảm nhận thức đến khám tại Bệnh viện Lão Khoa Trung ương từ tháng 01 - 12/2018. Kết quả đã chỉ ra tỷ lệ THA là 55,4% (94,5% THA được điều trị và 48,5% kiểm soát được huyết áp mục tiêu), cứ 5 bệnh nhân ≥ 60 tuổi có 1 người nguy cơ ngã cao (21%); các tỷ lệ này tăng dần khi tuổi tăng lên. Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân có nguy cơ ngã cao ở nhóm THA lớn hơn so với nhóm không THA, p < 0,001. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã xác định được một số yếu tố liên quan đến nguy cơ ngã cao, bao gồm: tuổi ≥ 80 (OR 5,44; 95%CI: 2,28-12,96), bệnh nhân THA (OR 1,93; 95%CI: 1,13-3,28), tiền sử ngã trong 1 năm trước tham gia nghiên cứu (OR 3,77; 95%CI: 1,96 – 7,25), trong khi THA điều trị kiểm soát được HA mục tiêu là yếu tố bảo vệ (OR 0,42; 95%CI: 0,25-0,71). THA phổ biến ở người cao tuổi và có liên quan với tăng nguy cơ ngã. Điều trị THA và kiểm soát huyết áp mục tiêu là cần thiết để giảm nguy cơ ngã.
Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Pembiayaan untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan
Authors: Lestari Diyan
Published: October 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan untuk memberikan kontribusi keilmuan kepada masyarakat agar masyarakat dapat memperoleh manfaat atas ilmu pengetahuan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di kampung Nelayan, Blok Eceng, Muara Angke. Berdasarkan hasil riset, para nelayan tidak melakukan pengelolaan keuangan dengan baik dan masih sangat bergantung pendanaan dari tengkulak. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dapat berjalan dengan lancar dan dilakukan dengan metode interkatif sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan kepada masyarakat Kampung Nelayan.
Produksi Iklan Pariwisata Audio Visual Belitung Timur
Authors: Lobodally Altobeli
Published: October 2021

Pariwisata dewasa ini telah menjadi gaya hidup tersendiri bagi sebagian besar kalangan. Objek-objek wisata baik di daerah terpencil maupun di kota besar, kini menjadi tujuan bagi para penggiatnya. Objek-objek wisata tersebut akhirnya bersaing dalam merebut pasar. Iklan merupakan kunci penting dalam merayu konsumen agar terpikat dengan pesona objek wisata tersebut. Kegiatan pelatihan ini diberikan bagi Dinas Pariwisata Belitung Timur dan juga para pengelola daerah wisata. Pelatihan ini memberikan kemampuan dasar dalam mengemas sebuah produksi iklan pariwisata. Produksi iklan pariwisata yang diberikan adalah iklan pariwisata audio visual. Sehingga akan menyajikan objek wisata Belitung Timur agar dapat merayu pasar konsumen.
Analisis Efek Moderasi Penerimaan Teknologi Komputasi Awan Pada Mahasiswa Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Riskinanto Anggar , Kelana Bayu
Published: October 2021

The use of the Internet has penetrated all aspects of life. One of them in the academic world, is used as a solution to share knowledge and collaborate. The use of cloud computing is one example that allows the academic community to do so. Based on the initial interview, cloud computing technology is only used as a document storage media. Therefore this study aims to examine the factors that influence the use of this technology. The research conducted is quantitative and uses purposive random sampling technique. The questionnaire was distributed in the form of paper and Google Form to S1 students majoring in information systems in South Jakarta and obtained as many as 297 respondents. Data processing was done using PLS-SEM, the result of which was that most hypotheses were accepted with the greatest influence on attittude constructs to continued use intention. But in the moderation effect test, all hypotheses are rejected. This means that the use of technology in students is influenced by their attitude. However, it makes no difference for men and women. The same is true for experienced or not students.
Audit Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi Pada PT. EMD Menggunakan COBIT 4.1 dan BSC
Authors: Tomas Jordi , F. Andry Johanes
Published: October 2021

PT. EMD is a company engaged in the distributor of various kinds of Hardware and Lifestyle products. The company is currently in the stage of implementing an information systemaudit. Previously, this company had implemented an information system as a strategy to support the achievement of business profits in competing in market share. This study aims to assess the information technology governance that has been implemented by the company, so that the writer can provide recommendations for companies to improve the performance of information technology governance. This research uses descriptive research method because it includes data, analysis and interpretation. This research is structured as an inductive research that searches and collects existing data in the field with the aim to measure the level of maturity and recommendation improvement on information technology governance.
A-12 The term “Elite/ Chieftain” between the Qur’an concept and the purposes of advocacy
Authors: Al-Bazi Abdur Rehman , Kharroub Abdelhamid
Published: October 2021

The elite , in the past and present, faced the same call, and exceeded the limits on the prophets and preachers, and attacked their followers and callers, and on the other hand we see the keenness of the prophets and preachers to guide the elite and their entourage, because they have a great impact on people and their words and  calling were considered more, with the soft wording and by clarifying the evidence and the evil in  Clarification and dismissal of suspicions and defending the challenges and obstacles facing the call to God Almighty and Islamic culture.  It is not possible to reach the goal and the purposes of the call to an accurate understanding of the term elite, so the research was divided into the introduction and three sections: the first topic is the concept of pluralism, and the second topic: close words and words related to (plea) in the Noble Qur’an the third topic, the advocacy objectives of “al-Malaa” In the Holy Qur’an and in the conclusion the most important recommendations and results are mentioned.
MEMAHAMI LATAR BELAKANG PENDIDIKAN PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Shubchan M. Arif
Published: October 2021

Abstrak

Dalam proses pembelajaran, seorang pendidik sering kali tidak memperhatikan latar belakang pendidikan peserta didik. Semua dipandang dan diperlakukan sama. Banyak pendidik yang belum mempertimbangkan pentingnya latar belakang pendidikan dalam keberhasilan belajar. Hal ini terjadi diduga karena terbatasnya literatur tentang latar belakang pendidikan. Untuk itu penulisan artikel ini dimaksudkan mengupas teori yang mendasari latar belakang pendidikan. Berdasarkan pembahsan disimpulkan bahwa teori transfer dan transformasi belajar merupakan teori yang dipandang relevan untuk menjelaskan pemahaman tentang latar belakang pendidikan.

Abstract

In the learning process, an educator often does not pay attention to the educational background of students. Everyone is seen and treated the same. Many educators have not considered the importance of educational background in successful learning. This is presumably due to the limited literature on educational background. For this reason, the purpose of writing this article is to explore the theory that underlies the educational background. Based on the discussion, it is concluded that the theory of transfer and transformation of learning is a theory that is considered relevant to explain the understanding of the educational background.
Additions to the Grassses (Poaceae) of Telangana State, India
Authors: Kumar Midigesi , Rao Boyina
Published: October 2021

Chloris quinquesetica Bhide, Enteropogon monostachyos (Vahl) K. Schum., Oropetium villosulum Stapf ex Bor and Sporobolus ioclados (Trin.) Nees, four chloridoid grasses collected from different parts of Telangana state are reported as new records to the flora of Telangana State, India.
Soils under Shorea robusta in foot hills of the Eastern Himalaya - their characteristics and carbon sequestration potential
Authors: Gangopadhyay Samar  , Banerjee Samar , Jain Avinash , Banerjee Saikat
Published: October 2021

Forest soils supporting Sal-Shorea robusta (Roxb. ex Gaertn. f.) plantations in the foot hills of Darjeeling and Kurseong Divisions in West Bengal were studied for their physicochemical characteristics and carbon sequestration potential. Soils are acidic, high in organic carbon and clay content but low in soil reaction (pH) and bulk density (BD). Thick deposit of leaf litter and its decomposition products increase the soil organic carbon (SOC). Significant amount of clay content also increases the moisture content which helps in decomposing the organic matter, reducing the bulk density of soil and reduces erosion. Soil organic matter tends to concentrate with roughly more than half of the soil organic carbon in the upper soil horizons (0-30cm) at all the study sites. Among the study sites, Samardanga block registers lowest SOC while Bamanpukuri block shows highest SOC stock.
MANUAL MEDICINE EVOLVEMENT FEATURES WORLDWIDE AND IN RUSSIA
Authors: Skoromets Alexander
Published: October 2021

The article describes phases of the manual therapy method appearance and evolvement in medical practice worldwide, in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. Important problems, which must be solved by manual therapy doctors for providing for further development of the scientifi c and practical bases of manual therapy, are identifi ed.
Design and construction of a customizable phantom for the characterization of the three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging geometric distortion
Authors: Torfeh Tarraf , Hammoud Rabih , Paloor Satheesh , Arunachalam Yoganathan , Aouadi Souha , Al‐Hammadi Noora
Published: October 2021

One of the main challenges to using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in radiotherapy is the existence of system‐related geometric inaccuracies caused mainly by the inhomogeneity in the main magnetic field and the nonlinearities of the gradient coils.

Several physical phantoms, with fixed configuration, have been developed and commercialized for the assessment of the MRI geometric distortion. In this study, we propose a new design of a customizable phantom that can fit any type of radio frequency (RF) coil. It is composed of 3D printed plastic blocks containing holes that can hold glass tubes which can be filled with any liquid. The blocks can be assembled to construct phantoms with any dimension.

The feasibility of this design has been demonstrated by assembling four phantoms with high robustness allowing the assessment of the geometric distortion for the GE split head coil, the head and neck array coil, the anterior array coil, and the body coil. Phantom reproducibility was evaluated by analyzing the geometric distortion on CT acquisition of five independent assemblages of the phantom.

This solution meets all expectations in terms of having a robust, lightweight, modular, and practical tool for measuring distortion in three dimensions. Mean error in the position of the tubes was less than 0.2 mm. For the geometric distortion, our results showed that for all typical MRI sequences used for radiotherapy, the mean geometric distortion was less than 1 mm and less than 2.5 mm over radial distances of 150 mm and 250 mm, respectively.

These tools will be part of a quality assurance program aimed at monitoring the image quality of MRI scanners used to guide radiation therapy.
Effectiveness of screen‐to‐screen and face‐to‐face learning modalities in dental anatomy module during Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kurtulmus‐Yilmaz Sevcan , Önöral Özay
Published: October 2021

The Covid‐19 pandemic has forced all dentistry faculties to quickly shift to the online supplementation or replacement of traditional modules to pursue education. However, there is limited research evaluating the effectiveness of this education modality on student performance in dental anatomy and manipulation module. Accordingly, it was aimed to compare the influence of different education modalities on the performances of the students enrolled in this module. The students were requested to perform 11 practical assignments throughout the fall term. A total of 220 face‐to‐face‐educated (F2F) and 138 screen‐to‐screen‐educated (S2S) students were included. To evaluate the influence of education modality on the performances of the students, cumulative success scores were calculated and compared using an independent t‐test. The grades of the first (maxillary central), sixth (maxillary premolar), and eleventh assignments (mandibular first molar) were also analyzed to understand the manipulation‐skill progress of each student within the same year. The grades of above‐mentioned three assignments were converted into nominal data (excellent, very good, good, acceptable, and fail) based on certain thresholds, and a chi‐square test was conducted. The cumulative success scores in F2F group were significantly lower than those in S2S group (P = 0.02). Differences between the first and eleventh tasks in both education modalities were significant (P < 0.05). The S2S‐educated students achieved significantly higher achievement points in the sixth and eleventh assignments (P < 0.001). The S2S education can be suggested as an applicable modality for teaching dental anatomy and manipulation module. However, further work is needed to ascertain whether this result is replicable throughout dental anatomy education.
Knockdown of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) splicing variant S3 promotes autophagic cell death from nitrosative stress in SW480 human colon cancer cells
Authors: Castro Eloisa D. , Mathias Pedro Paulo M. , Batista Wagner L. , Sato Alex Yuri S. , Toledo Maytê S. , de Almeida Victor T. , Curcio Marli F. , da Costa Paulo E. , Stern Arnold , Monteiro Hugo P.
Published: October 2021

Low levels of nitric oxide (NO) produced by constitutively expressed inducible NO synthase (NOS2) in tumor cells may be an important factor in their development. NOS2 expression is associated with high mortality rates for various cancers. Alternative splicing of NOS2 down‐regulates its enzymatic activity, resulting in decreased intracellular NO concentrations. Specific probes to detect alternative splicing of NOS2 were used in two isogenic human colon cancer cell lines derived either from the primary tumor (SW480) or from a lymph node metastasis (SW620). Splicing variant of NOS2 S3, lacking exons 9, 10, and 11, was overexpressed in SW480 cells. NOS2 S3 was silenced in SW480 cells. Flow‐cytometry analysis was used to estimate the intracellular NO levels and to analyze the cell cycle of the studied cell lines. Western blot analysis and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) were used to determine apoptosis and autophagy markers. SW480 and SW620 cells expressed NOS2 S3. Overexpression of the NOS2 S3 in SW480 cells downregulated intracellular NO levels. SW480 cells with knocked down NOS2 S3 (referred to as S3C9 cells) had higher intracellular levels of NO compared to the wild‐type SW480 cells under serum restriction. Higher NO levels resulted in the loss of viability of S3C9 cells, which was associated with autophagy. Induction of autophagy by elevated intracellular NO levels in S3C9 cells under serum restriction, suggests that autophagy operates as a cytotoxic response to nitrosative stress. The expression of NOS2 S3 plays an important role in regulating intracellular NO production and maintaining viability in SW480 cells under serum restriction. These findings may prove significant in the design of NOS2/NO‐based therapies for colon cancer.
Blocking connexin43 hemichannels prevents TGF‐β2 upregulation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Lyon Heather , Yin Naibo , Rupenthal Ilva D. , Green Colin R. , Mugisho Odunayo O.
Published: October 2021

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs when polarised epithelial cells change to a mesenchymal phenotype. EMT plays a role in several chronic conditions, including ocular diseases with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) EMT associated with retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here, EMT results in breakdown of the blood‐retinal barrier (BRB) leading to sub‐retinal fluid deposition and retinal detachment. Previous studies have shown that blocking connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannels can protect against RPE BRB breakdown, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. To determine whether open Cx43 hemichannels may enable EMT of RPE cells and thus result in BRB breakdown, ARPE‐19 cells were either challenged with high glucose plus the inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and TNF‐α (HG + Cyt) to simulate DR or treated with the Cx43 hemichannel blocker tonabersat alongside the HG + Cyt challenge. HG + Cyt induced a morphological change in RPE cells to a fibroblastic phenotype with a corresponding decrease in epithelial zonular occludens‐1 and an increase in the fibroblastic marker α‐SMA. The HG + Cyt challenge also induced loss of transepithelial electrical resistance while increasing dye passage between RPE cells. All of these changes were significantly reduced with tonabersat treatment, which also prevented HG + Cyt‐induced transforming growth factor‐β2 (TGF‐β2) release. In conclusion, Cx43 hemichannel block with tonabersat attenuated both TGF‐β2 release and RPE EMT under disease‐mimicking conditions, offering the potential to ameliorate the progression of EMT‐associated retinal diseases.
The Impact of Urate‐Lowering Therapy in Post‐Myocardial Infarction Patients: Insights From a Population‐Based, Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis
Authors: Tai Chi‐Jung , Wu Chin‐Chung , Lee Kun‐Tai , Tseng Tzyy‐Guey , Wang Hui‐Chun , Chang Fang‐Rong , Yang Yi‐Hsin
Published: October 2021

The role of urate‐lowering therapy (ULT) for the primary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) events has been widely discussed, but its evidence for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction (MI) is limited. Therefore, we conduct a population‐based, propensity score‐matched cohort study to investigate the CV outcomes among patients with post‐MI with and without ULT. A total of 19,042 newly diagnosed in‐hospital patients with MI were selected using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2016. After 1:1 propensity score matching with covariates, patients with MI with (n = 963) and without (n = 963) ULT were selected for further analysis. The primary outcome was the all‐cause mortality and the secondary outcomes were composite CV outcomes, including hospitalization for recurrent MI, stroke, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. ULT users were associated with lower all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR), 0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51–0.87) compared to the ULT nonusers. In addition, ULT users had a significantly lower risk of recurrent MI, which needed revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting (adjHR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53–0.86) than the ULT nonusers. The primary and secondary outcomes were not different between patients with post‐MI who received uricosuric agents and xanthine oxidase inhibitors. The anti‐inflammatory effect of ULT plays an essential role in MI management. From a real‐world setting, this study shows that ULT is associated with the lower risk of all‐cause mortality in patients with post‐MI. In addition, the result shows the possible lower incidence of repeat revascularization procedures in the ULT users.
Palliative Care Always: Hepatology—Virtual Primary Palliative Care Training for Hepatologists
Authors: DeNofrio Jan C. , Verma Manisha , Kosinski Andrzej S. , Navarro Victor , Taddei Tamar H. , Volk Michael L. , Bakitas Marie , Ramchandran Kavitha
Published: October 2021

Palliative care (PC) benefits patients with serious illness including end‐stage liver disease (ESLD). As part of a cluster randomized trial, hepatologists were trained to deliver primary palliative care to patients with ESLD using an online course, Palliative Care Always: Hepatology (PCA:Hep). Here we present a multimethod formative evaluation (feasibility, knowledge acquisition, self‐efficacy, and practice patterns) of PCA:Hep. Feasibility was measured by completion of coursework and achieving a course grade of >80%. Knowledge acquisition was measured through assessments before and throughout the course. Pre/post‐course surveys were conducted to determine self‐efficacy and practice patterns. The hepatologists (n = 39) enrolled in a 12‐week online course and spent 1‐3 hours on the course weekly. The course was determined to be feasible as 97% successfully completed the course and 100% passed. The course was acceptable to participants; 91.7 % reported a positive course experience and satisfaction with knowledge gained (91.6%). The pre/post knowledge assessment showed an improvement of 6.0% (pre 85.9% to post 91.9%, 95% CI [2.8, 9.2], P = 0.001). Self‐efficacy increased significantly (P < 0.001) in psychological symptom management, hospice, and psychosocial support. A year after training, over 80% of the hepatologists reported integrating a variety of PC skills into routine patient care. Conclusion: PCA:Hep is feasible, acceptable, and improves learner knowledge and confidence in palliative care skills. This is a viable method to teach primary PC skills to specialists caring for patients with ESLD.
Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from spent edible fungus substrate
Authors: He Qiang , Yang Yu , Liu Zeng , Shao Dongwei , Jiang Donghua , Xing Lei , Pan Qie , Shan Huizi
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Spent edible fungus substrates were identified as potential sources to produce cellulose derivatives, namely purified cellulose and dicarboxyl cellulose nanocrystal (DCNC). Purified celluloses were obtained via chemical treatments and then oxidized by sequential periodate‐chlorite without mechanical process. The structural properties of the DCNCs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).

RESULTS

XRD results showed that the cellulose I structure was maintained, however, the crystallinity index decreased after oxidation process. The initial pyrolysis temperature of DCNCs ranged from 242 to 344 °C. TEM results revealed that DCNC was rod‐shaped with an average length and width of 130.88 nm and 7.3 nm, respectively. The average specific surface area (SSA) was 366.67 m2 g–1. The carboxyl content was around 3.485 mmol g–1. Finally, the adsorption capacity for contaminations was 76.98, 126.22, 64.44 and 9.63 mg g–1 for copper ion (Cu2+), lead ion (Pb2+), chromium (Cr3+) and amoxicillin (AMX), respectively.

CONCLUSION

This work showed a sequentially chemical oxidation for preparing nanocellulose from secondary agricultural waste with many functional applications. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A nested parallel multiscale convolution for cerebrovascular segmentation
Authors: Xia Likun , Xie Yixuan , Wang Qiwang , Zhang Hao , He Cheng , Yang Xiaonan , Lin Jinghui , Song Ran , Liu Jiang , Zhao Yitian
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Cerebrovascular segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. Many segmentation frameworks based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) or U‐Net‐like structures have been proposed for cerebrovascular segmentation. Unfortunately, the segmentation results are still unsatisfactory, particularly in the small/thin cerebrovascular due to the following reasons: (1) the lack of attention to multiscale features in encoder caused by the convolutions with single kernel size; (2) insufficient extraction of shallow and deep‐seated features caused by the depth limitation of transmission path between encoder and decoder; (3) insufficient utilization of the extracted features in decoder caused by less attention to multiscale features.

Methods: Inspired by U‐Net++, we propose a novel 3D U‐Net‐like framework termed Usception for small cerebrovascular. It includes three blocks: Reduction block, Gap block, and Deep block, aiming to: (1) improve feature extraction ability by grouping different convolution sizes; (2) increase the number of multiscale features in different layers by grouping paths of different depths between encoder and decoder; (3) maximize the ability of decoder in recovering multiscale features from Reduction and Gap block by using convolutions with different kernel sizes.

Results: The proposed framework is evaluated on three public and in‐house clinical magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) data sets. The experimental results show that our framework reaches an average dice score of 69.29%, 87.40%, 77.77% on three data sets, which outperform existing state‐of‐the‐art methods. We also validate the effectiveness of each block through ablation experiments.

Conclusions: By means of the combination of Inception‐ResNet and dimension‐expanded U‐Net++, the proposed framework has demonstrated its capability to maximize multiscale feature extraction, thus achieving competitive segmentation results for small cerebrovascular.
Design, synthesis and biological activity of novel triketone‐containing quinoxaline as HPPD inhibitor
Authors: Hu Wei , Gao Shuang , Zhao Li‐Xia , Guo Ke‐Liang , Wang Jia‐Yu , Gao Ying‐Chao , Shao Xin‐Xin , Fu Ying , Ye Fei
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

4‐Hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27, HPPD) is one of the important target enzymes used to address the issue of weed control. HPPD‐inhibiting herbicides can reduce the carotenoid content in plants and hinder photosynthesis, eventually causing albinism and death. Exploring novel HPPD‐inhibiting herbicides is a significant direction in pesticide research. In the process of exploring new high‐efficiency HPPD inhibitors, a series of novel quinoxaline derivatives were designed and synthesized using an active fragment splicing strategy.

RESULTS

The title compounds were unambiguously characterized by infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectroscopy. The results of the in vitro tests indicated that the majority of the title compounds showed potent inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD (AtHPPD). Preliminary bioevaluation results revealed that a number of novel compounds displayed better or excellent herbicidal activity against broadleaf and monocotyledonous weeds. Compound III‐5 showed herbicidal effects comparable to those of mesotrione at a rate of 150 g of active ingredient (ai)/ha for post‐emergence application. The results of molecular dynamics verified that compound III‐5 had a more stable protein‐binding ability. Molecular docking results showed that compound III‐5 and mesotrione shared homologous interplay with the surrounding residues. In addition, the enlarged aromatic ring system adds more force, and the hydrogen bond formed can enhance the synergy with π–π stacking.

CONCLUSIONS

The present work indicates that compound III‐5 may be a potential lead structure for the development of new HPPD inhibitors.
Genetic Divergence and Diversity Reflect a Predominant Freshwater Resident Life History in Rainbow Trout from Southwestern Alaska
Authors: Olsen Jeffrey B. , Walsh Patrick , Benson Anna‐Marie , Schwanke Craig J. , Wenburg John K.
Published: October 2021

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in southwestern Alaska occupy coastal watersheds near the northern boundary of the species’ native range and support a world‐class wild trout sport fishery. Although low freshwater temperatures and a short growing season in this region may favor anadromy, these populations appear to exhibit a freshwater resident life history strategy. We used genetic data to evaluate two hypotheses regarding the influence of the presumed migratory behavior of these Rainbow Trout on reproductive isolation among and within watersheds. The results were largely consistent with the predictions, but there were exceptions. The data supported the hypothesis that the freshwater resident behavior precludes marine‐mediated gene flow, resulting in large genetic divergence and low admixture among watersheds. The estimate of among‐watershed differentiation (FCT = 0.350) was large and reflected over 96% of the variation among all sampled aggregations (FST = 0.363). However, evidence of admixed individuals in two adjacent watersheds and five first‐generation migrants among five watersheds suggests that the potential for coastal migration with gene flow exists in these populations. The data also supported the hypothesis that aggregations formed within watersheds during the spawning period (May–June) represent reproductively isolated populations. Pairwise estimates of FST and the G‐test results revealed population structure in four of the six watersheds tested. However, not all aggregation pairs were found to be genetically distinct and there was notable variation in the pairwise FST estimates (0.000–0.067). In summary, the data reflected the predicted results for each hypothesis but also revealed exceptions that, consistent with tagging studies, demonstrate the complexity of migratory behavior in southwestern Alaska Rainbow Trout. We discuss the implications of these results for fishery management and conservation.
Precocious Maturation of Hatchery‐Raised Spring Chinook Salmon as Age‐2 Minijacks Is Not Detectably Affected by Sire Age
Authors: Galbreath Peter F. , Staton Benjamin A. , Nuetzel Hayley M. , Stockton Chad A. , Knudsen Curtis M. , Medeiros Lea R. , Koch Ilana J. , Bosch William J. , Pierce Andrew L.
Published: October 2021

Juvenile males produced in spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha hatchery programs can exhibit high rates of maturation in freshwater as 2‐year‐old “minijacks.” This phenomenon is associated with high feeding rates and increased size and/or growth that juveniles experience in the hatchery environment, though studies also support a genetic component affecting age of maturation among salmonids, including precocious maturation in freshwater. This prompted a study to test whether the age of natural‐origin spring Chinook Salmon broodstock affects the rate at which their hatchery‐raised male progeny mature as age‐2 minijacks. In three consecutive brood years, we factorially mated age‐4 adult females with age‐3, age‐4, and age‐5 adult (jacks) male broodstock. In the latter two brood years, we also incorporated age‐1 precocious parr (microjacks) as sires. After communal rearing to the smolt stage (age 1), male juveniles were characterized as immature or as maturing minijacks based on plasma 11‐ketotestosterone concentration, and each was identified to its respective full‐sib progeny group via genetic parentage analysis. A generalized linear mixed model, performed for each brood year separately, was used to characterize expected precocious maturation rates by sire age, while controlling for potential effects of smolt body weight and individual parent identities. Multiple comparisons across sire ages within brood years were used to evaluate relative rates of precocious maturation. Estimates of the probability of minijack maturation among families within sire ages and brood years varied from as much as 0% to 100%, and no consistent effect of sire age on precocious maturation rate was observed. Exploratory analyses investigating additional effects of egg size, dam length, and spawn date also failed to identify consistent predictors of precocious maturation. Instead, variability was largely attributed to both dam‐ and sire‐specific effects, indicating a heritable component to precocious maturation, though not detectably associated with other measured attributes.
A Detailed History of Retromuscular Repairs for Ventral Hernias: A Story of Surgical Innovation
Authors: Arora Eham , Kukleta Jan , Ramana B.
Published: October 2021

Background

We performed a historical review of events concerning retromuscular hernia repairs over the last two centuries. This may shed light on surgical innovators and their novel techniques that have evolved into current practices.

Methods

Literature reviews of notable surgeons in the subspecialty were reviewed. Historical context was obtained by personal communication with contemporary surgeons who witnessed changes in established techniques firsthand.

Results

Even though retromuscular repairs are the central theme of this exercise, it is important to note several adjacent events which steered surgical progress. The status of hernia surgery today is the result of the work of several pioneers separated by time and distance.

Conclusions

It may be important to understand the circumstances that have propelled past surgical breakthroughs to stimulate future progress.
Impact of fetal presentation on neurodevelopmental outcome in a trial of preterm vaginal delivery: a nationwide, population-based record linkage study
Authors: Toijonen Anna , Heinonen Seppo , Gissler Mika , Seikku Laura , Macharey Georg
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To assess the risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at the age of four after an attempted vaginal delivery according to the fetal presentation in birth.

Methods

This retrospective record linkage study evaluated the risks of cerebral palsy, epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and speech, visual, and auditory disabilities among preterm children born after an attempted vaginal breech delivery. The control group comprised children born in a cephalic presentation at the same gestational age. This study included 23 803 singleton deliveries at gestational weeks 24 + 0–36 + 6 between 2004 and 2014.

Results

From 1629 women that underwent a trial of vaginal breech delivery, 1122 (66.3%) were converted to emergency cesarean sections. At extremely preterm and very preterm gestations (weeks 24 + 0—31 + 6), no association between a trial of vaginal breech delivery and neurodevelopmental delay occurred. At gestational weeks 32 + 0—36 + 6, the risks of visual disability (aOR 1.67, CI 1.07—2.60) and autism spectrum disorders (aOR 2.28, CI 1.14—4.56) were increased after an attempted vaginal breech delivery as compared to vaginal cephalic delivery.

Conclusion

A trial of vaginal breech delivery at extremely preterm and very preterm gestations appears not to increase the risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at the age of four. In moderate to late preterm births, a trial of vaginal breech delivery was associated with an increased risk of visual impairment and autism spectrum disorders compared to children born in cephalic presentation. A trial of vaginal preterm breech delivery requires distinctive consideration and careful patient selection.
Patients with multiple myeloma referred for palliative care consultation: from retrospective analysis to future directions to improve clinical outcomes
Authors: Pallotti Maria Caterina , Rossi Romina , Scarpi Emanuela , Dall’Agata Monia , Ricci Marianna , Ceccolini Michela , Ronconi Sonia , Valenti Vanessa , Maltoni Marco , Martinelli Giovanni , Cerchione Claudio
Published: October 2021

Introduction

New treatments have improved the overall survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). At diagnosis and during the course of the disease, patients often report pain and other symptoms. Given the long disease trajectory, psychological and social issues are also frequent. Recently, the potential usefulness of early palliative care (EPC) was hypothesized in the area of hematology. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with MM referred to our institute for a palliative care (PC) consultation between January 2017 and June 2020. Our aim was to evaluate the main reasons (pain or other clinical symptoms) for the referral for a first PC consultation.

Methods

We examined the main reasons for the first PC consultation, the number of PC consultations carried out, and the period of time between diagnosis, first and subsequent PC visits, and death. We also recorded information on the type of pain experienced and the treatments administered.

Results

Of the 325 patients with MM followed at our hematology unit during the study period, 43 were referred for a PC consultation (39 for pain management and 4 to determine the most appropriate care setting (hospice or palliative homecare service)). Nineteen (44.2%) of the 43 patients reported other symptoms in addition to pain. The median time between MM diagnosis and the first PC consultation was 473 days. Fifteen patients died, with a median 332 days between the first PC visit and death.

Conclusion

Randomized studies on MM involving larger patient populations with access to EPC are needed to identify an effective clinical model to improve the management of patients with MM.
A modified Delphi process to establish research priorities in hernia surgery
Authors: Scrimgeour D. S. G. , Allan M. , Knight S. R. , East B. , Blackwell S. , Dames N. , Laidlaw L. , Light D. , Horgan L. , Smart N. J. , de Beaux A. , Wilson M. S. J. ,   on behalf of the Scottish Surgical Research Group and the British Hernia Society
Published: October 2021

Background

Abdominal wall hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide, yet despite this, there remains a lack of high-quality evidence to support best management. The aim of the study was to use a modified Delphi process to determine future research priorities in this field.

Methods

Stakeholders were invited by email, using British Hernia Society membership details or Twitter, to submit individual research questions via an online survey. In addition, questions obtained from a patient focus group (PFG) were collated to form Phase I. Two rounds of prioritization by stakeholders (phases II and III) were then completed to determine a final list of research questions. All questions were analyzed on an anonymized basis.

Results

A total of 266 questions, 19 from the PFG, were submitted by 113 stakeholders in Phase I. Of these, 64 questions were taken forward for prioritization in Phase II, which was completed by 107 stakeholders. Following Phase II analysis, 97 stakeholders prioritized 36 questions in Phase III. This resulted in a final list of 14 research questions, 3 of which were from the PFG. Stakeholders included patients and healthcare professionals (consultant surgeons, trainee surgeons and other multidisciplinary members) from over 27 countries during the 3 phases.

Conclusion

The study has identified 14 key research priorities pertaining to abdominal wall hernia surgery. Uniquely, these priorities have been determined from participation by both healthcare professionals and patients. These priorities should now be addressed by well-designed, high-quality international collaborative research.
Motorcycle recycling flow and end-of-life motorcycles in Japan
Authors: Kimura Mami , Yamane Takumi
Published: October 2021

This study compiled the number of End-of-Life motorcycles (ELMCs), utilizing Japanese official motorcycle data to clarify “the characteristics of distribution flow and main actors” of ELMCs. Based on its results, domestic ELMCs were estimated at approximately between 500,000 and 600,000 annually. The exact ELMCs number in 2019 was 521,644, 81.4% of which were exported. The ratio of exported used motorcycles among these ELMCs was analyzed and categorized according to engine discharge. Accordingly, the analysis showed that motorcycles with 50 cc and less total emissions had a high proportion, 62.8%, of the total in 2019. New insights from this study include (1) the characteristics of the used motorcycle distribution flow in Japan and that they are eventually exported and (2) the main actors in the distribution flow are used motorcycle auction sites that assume a leading role in recycling motorcycles domestically and internationally.
Nano-structured dynamic Schiff base cues as robust self-healing polymers for biomedical and tissue engineering applications: a review
Authors: Malik Umer Shahzad , Niazi Muhammad Bilal Khan , Jahan Zaib , Zafar Mazhar Iqbal , Vo Dai-Viet N. , Sher Farooq
Published: October 2021

Polymer materials are vulnerable to damages, failures, and degradations, making them economically unreliable. Self-healing polymers, on the other hand, are multifunctional materials with superior properties of autonomic recovery from physical damages. These materials are suitable for biomedical and tissue engineering in terms of cost and durability. Schiff base linkages-based polymer materials are one of the robust techniques owing to their simple self-healing mechanism. These are dynamic reversible covalent bonds, easy to fabricate at mild conditions, and can self-reintegrate after network disruption at physiological conditions making them distinguished. Here we review self-healing polymer materials based on Schiff base bonds. We discuss the Schiff base bond formation between polymeric networks, which explains the self-healing phenomenon. These bonds have induced 100% recovery in optimal cases.
Preliminary examination of reliability and validity of the Japanese child anxiety impact scale-parent version in Japanese community sample
Authors: Okawa Sho , Arai Honami , Nakamura Hideki , Urao Yuko , Reardon Tessa , Giles Sophie , Shimizu Eiji
Published: October 2021

The child anxiety impact scale-parent version (CAIS-P) is a useful measure to assess the impact of anxiety on a child’s daily life; however, a Japanese version of the CAIS-P has not been developed, and whether the CAIS-P can be utilized in Eastern countries remains unascertained. The purpose of this study was to develop a Japanese version of the CAIS-P and examine its reliability and validity. Parents of 400 children (aged 7 to 15 years) from the Japanese community completed the CAIS-P. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the factor structure of the original CAIS-P, consisting of school activity, social activity, and home/family activity factors, provided a good fit for the Japanese version of the CAIS-P. Estimated Spearman’s correlation coefficients showed moderate correlations between the total and factor scores of the CAIS-P, anxiety symptoms (Spence Child Anxiety Scale-parent version), and depressive symptoms (Child Depression Inventory). Furthermore, the item response theory model revealed that each factor of the CAIS-P is a high information reliable measure for children with high trait anxiety. These results provide support for the Japanese version of the CAIS-P’s factorial validity, convergent validity, and reliability and its potential for application in child anxiety research in Japan.
Assessing the effect of governing parameters of bearing capacity determination of small piled rafts on clay soil
Authors: Mali Shivanand , Singh Baleshwar
Published: October 2021

In the present study, a small piled raft foundation has been simulated numerically through PLAXIS 3-D software. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of governing parameters such as pile length, pile spacing, pile diameter, and number of piles on the settlement and load-bearing behavior of piled raft, so as to achieve the optimum design for small piled raft configurations. An optimized design of a piled raft is defined as a design with allowable center and differential settlements and satisfactory bearing behavior for a given raft geometry and loading. The results indicated that, with increase in pile length, pile spacing, pile diameter, and number of piles, both the center settlement ratio and differential settlement ratio decreased. The load-bearing capacity of piled raft increased with increase in pile length, pile spacing, pile diameter, and number of piles. Furthermore, the percentage load carried by the piles increased as the pile length, pile spacing, pile diameter, and number of piles increased. The bending moment and shear force in corner pile are noted to be more, and they decreased towards the center pile. With increase in pile length, the maximum raft bending moment decreased, whereas the maximum shear force in the raft increased. Further, with increase in pile spacing, pile diameter, and number of piles, the maximum bending moment and maximum shear force in the raft increased. The optimum parameters for the piled raft foundation can be selected efficiently with the consideration of maximum bending moment and maximum shear force while designing the piled raft foundation. Thus, the results of this study can be used as guidelines for achieving optimum design for small piled raft foundation.
From absolute nonsense to the world’s operating system
Authors: Werthner Hannes
Published: October 2021

Informatics, its artefacts and methods, have fundamentally changed our society and world, from the individual personal level up to the current geo-political powerplay between the US, China and Europe. Information Technology serves as the operating system of our society. This change has happened over the last 30 – 40 years, and the result should be compared with our historic views and expectations. At the same time, despite the enormous success of our discipline, it has serious shortcomings. I discuss some of them, especially the issue of online platforms, and describe a positive “answer”: Digital Humanism. This approach does not only describe and analyze the man – machine relationship, but also underlines the importance of humans in this development: we have to interfere – technology is not god given. This fundamental idea is already supported by a growing number of academics and practitioners from different disciplines and fields.
Untapped Potential for Professional Learning and Development: Kindergarten as a Learning Organization
Authors: Wadel Carl Cato , Knaben Åse Dagmar
Published: October 2021

The importance of professional learning and development for quality in kindergartens has been established in international research. The fact that the kindergarten is a learning organization can be crucial in achieving necessary professional learning. The aim of this study was to investigate what characterizes Norwegian kindergartens as learning organizations. Our research question is: What kind of understanding do kindergarten managers have of a learning organization, what do they believe that a kindergarten must learn about and what do they perceive as characteristics of a learning kindergarten? We have conducted qualitative interviews with five kindergarten managers. The findings point to joint reflection as a key characteristic of a learning kindergarten. However, kindergartens struggle to make reflection a natural part of a day-to-day practice. Consequently, kindergartens fail to utilize an important potential for professional learning. Hence, we conclude that there is an untapped potential for professional learning and development in Norwegian kindergartens.