bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Расстояния на графе коммутирований кольца вещественных матриц
Authors: Shitov Yaroslav
Published: April 2018

Вершинами графа коммутирований полугруппы $S$ являются
нецентральные элементы этой полугруппы, а ребрами соединены те пары
вершин $g$, $h$, которые удовлетворяют условию $gh=hg$. В статье
приводится доказательство того факта, что диаметр графа коммутирований
полугруппы вещественных матриц порядка $n\ge 3$ равен четырем. Кроме
того, приводится обзор результатов по данной тематике и формулируется
ряд открытых проблем.
Библиография: 17 названий.
Элементарное доказательство оценки суммы Клоостермана с простыми числами
Authors: Korolev Maxim Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2018

В работе получено новое элементарное доказательство
оценки неполной суммы Клоостермана по простому модулю $q$.
Наряду с полученной Ж. Бургейном (2005) оценкой двойной суммы
Клоостермана специального вида, оно приводит к элементарному выводу
оценки суммы Клоостермана с простыми числами в случае,
когда длина суммы имеет порядок $q^{0.5+\varepsilon}$,
где $\varepsilon$ - сколь угодно малое фиксированное число.
Библиография: 18 названий.
Ограниченные гомологические размерности комплексов
Authors: Wu D , Kong F
Published: April 2018

Мы определяем и изучаем понятия ограниченных Tor-размерностей
и Ext-размерностей для неограниченных комплексов левых модулей
над ассоциативными кольцами. Мы показываем,
что для гомологически ограниченного справа (слева) комплекса
наше определение согласуется с малой ограниченной
плоской (инъективной, соответственно) размерностью,
определенной Кристенсеном и соавторами. Кроме того, мы показываем,
что ограниченная Tor-размерность, определенная в этой статье,
является уточнением горенштейново плоской размерности
неограниченного комплекса в некотором смысле. Кроме того,
мы приводим некоторые результаты,
относящиеся к ограниченным гомологическим размерностям
при замене базы над коммутативными нетеровыми кольцами.
Библиография: 11 названий.
Estimating the Risk of Vertical Transmission of Dengue: A Prospective Study
Authors: Basurko Célia , Matheus Séverine , Hildéral Hélène , Everhard Sibille , Restrepo Marion , Cuadro-Alvarez Emma , Lambert Véronique , Boukhari Rachida , Duvernois Jean-Pierre , Favre Anne , Nacher Mathieu , Carles Gabriel
Published: April 2018

The incidence of dengue worldwide is increasing rapidly. A better understanding of dengue transmission may help improve interventions against this major public health problem. The virus is mostly transmitted by vectors. There are, however, other modes of transmission, notably mother-to-child transmission or vertical transmission. We studied a prospective cohort of 54 women who had dengue while pregnant during the 2012–2013 epidemic in French Guiana to estimate the mother-to-child transmission rate and assess the clinical and biological presentation of neonatal dengue. The rate of vertical transmission was between 18.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.25–31.4) and 22.7% (95% CI: 11.5–37.8), depending on the calculation method used. Mother-to-child transmission occurred both in early and late pregnancy. There were 52 births, including three newborns who presented neonatal dengue with warning signs requiring platelet transfusion. This quantification of the mother-to-child transmission of dengue highlights three points: first, vertical transmission of dengue is not negligible; second, it is more frequent when maternal dengue occurs late during pregnancy near delivery; and third, reliable diagnostic tests must be used to allow the diagnosis of vertical transmission. Our findings indicate that if there is a known history of maternal dengue during pregnancy, or if there is fever during the 15 days before term, cord blood and placenta should be sampled after delivery and tested for the virus, and the newborn should be closely monitored during the postpartum period.
Outbreak of Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever among Urban Dwellers in Arsi Zone, Central Ethiopia, from July to November 2016
Authors: Nordmann Tamara , Feldt Torsten , Bosselmann Matthias , Tufa Tafese Beyene , Lemma Gorfnesh , Holtfreter Martha , Häussinger Dieter
Published: April 2018

We report epidemiological and clinical aspects of an outbreak of louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) in Asella in Arsi Zone, central Ethiopia, from July to November 2016. A total of 63 LBRF cases were reported. The overall case fatality rate was 13% among treated patients. In this article, the first-line epidemiological assessment, individual prevention and control measures, and public health investigations and interventions in relation to this outbreak are described. Treatment recommendations for resource-limited settings are discussed by review of the latest literature.
Functional Studies of T Regulatory Lymphocytes in Human Schistosomiasis in Western Kenya
Authors: Ondigo Bartholomew N. , Ndombi Eric M. , Nicholson Sarah C. , Oguso John K. , Carter Jennifer M. , Kittur Nupur , Secor W. Evan , Karanja Diana M. S. , Colley Daniel G.
Published: April 2018

Immunoregulation is considered a common feature of Schistosoma mansoni infections, and elevated levels of T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes have been reported during chronic human schistosomiasis. We now report that the removal of Treg (CD4+/CD25hi/CD127low lymphocytes) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of S. mansoni–infected individuals leads to increased levels of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated interferon gamma (IFNγ) production and decreased interleukin-10 (IL-10) responses. Exposure to schistosome antigens did not result in measurable IFNγ by either PBMC or Treg-depleted populations. Interleukin-10 responses to soluble egg antigens (SEA) by PBMC were unchanged by Treg depletion, but the depletion of Treg greatly decreased IL-10 production to soluble worm antigenic preparation (SWAP). Proliferative responses to PHA increased upon Treg removal, but responses to SEA or SWAP did not, unless only initially low responders were evaluated. Addition of anti-IL-10 increased PBMC proliferative responses to either SEA or SWAP, but did not alter responses by Treg-depleted cells. Blockade by anti-transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) increased SEA but not SWAP proliferative responses by PBMC, whereas anti-TGF-β increased both SEA- and SWAP-stimulated responses by Treg-depleted cultures. Addition of both anti-IL-10 and anti-TGF-β to PBMC or Treg-depleted populations increased proliferation of both populations to either SEA or SWAP. These studies demonstrate that Treg appear to produce much of the antigen-stimulated IL-10, but other cell types or subsets of Treg may produce much of the TGF-β. The elevated levels of Treg seen in chronic schistosomiasis appear functional and involve IL-10 and TGF-β in antigen-specific immunoregulation perhaps leading to regulation of immunopathology and/or possibly decreased immunoprotective responses.
Risk Factors for Mortality in Children Hospitalized with Severe Malaria in Northern Zambia: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Ippolito Matthew M. , Kamavu Luc K. , Kabuya Jean-Bertin , Tente Catherine , Chileshe Edward , Wapachole McBerth , Thuma Philip E. , Muleba Mbanga , Chaponda Mike , Mulenga Modest , Moss William J. , _ _
Published: April 2018

Malaria remains a public health crisis in areas where it has resisted control efforts. In Nchelenge District, a high-transmission area in northern Zambia, malaria accounts for more than one-third of pediatric hospitalizations and nearly one-half of hospital deaths in children. To identify risk factors for death due to malaria, we conducted a retrospective, time-matched case-control study of 126 children hospitalized with malaria who died (cases) and 126 children who survived (controls). There were no differences in age, gender, hemoglobin concentration, or prevalence of severe anemia between cases and controls. Children who died were more likely to come from villages located at greater distances from the hospital than children who survived (median 13.5 versus 3.2 km). Each additional kilometer of distance from the hospital increased the odds of death by 4% (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.07, P < 0.01). Extent of anemia and admission during periods when blood was unavailable for transfusion were associated with early death (P ≤ 0.03). Delays in initiation of treatment of severe malaria contribute to the increased odds of death in children referred from more distant health centers, and might be mitigated by transportation improvements, capacity at rural health posts to administer treatment before transfer, hospital triage systems that minimize time to treatment, and reliable blood product stores at referral hospitals.
Amoxicillin Quality and Selling Practices in Urban Pharmacies and Drug Stores of Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Chikowe Ibrahim , Bliese Sarah L. , Lucas Samuel , Lieberman Marya
Published: April 2018

This study evaluated a newly developed paper analytical device (PAD) for screening amoxicillin samples in Blantyre urban townships. Covert shoppers attempted to buy amoxicillin from a geographically stratified selection of private pharmacies (N = 22 out of 26) and drug stores (N = 23 out of 103) in the township area. According to the PAD results, all 42 samples obtained by the shoppers contained amoxicillin and none contained suspicious filler materials. Next, the products were assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Consistent with the PAD results, all samples contained the correct amount of amoxicillin with no unexpected ingredients. However, one sample was purchased as amoxicillin and contained that ingredient, but was packaged in capsules that are normally used to package ampicillin. Almost every sample failed a simple packaging analysis. Nine in 10 samples were missing their original packaging and/or inserts (52.4% repackaged capsules and 35.7% repackaged blister packs). Only 33.3% of the packages had expiry dates, 16.7% had batch numbers, and 47.6% had the manufacturer’s name. Dispensing practices were likewise unsatisfactory. Ninety-five percentage of the sellers sold the amoxicillin without a prescription, even though this medicine is regulated as prescription-only in Malawi. Although the chemical analysis showed that amoxicillin quality was good, our market survey revealed poor adherence to prescription-only medicine dispensing of antibiotics, which threatens antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Furthermore, the wide prevalence of repackaging deprives medicines of important information needed during patient’s use, regulatory investigations, and pharmacovigilance reporting.
Bunyavirus Taxonomy: Limitations and Misconceptions Associated with the Current ICTV Criteria Used for Species Demarcation
Authors: Blitvich Bradley J. , Beaty Barry J. , Blair Carol D. , Brault Aaron C. , Dobler Gerhard , Drebot Michael A. , Haddow Andrew D. , Kramer Laura D. , LaBeaud Angelle Desiree , Monath Thomas P. , Mossel Eric C. , Plante Kenneth , Powers Ann M. , Tesh Robert B. , Turell Michael J. , Vasilakis Nikos , Weaver Scott C.
Published: April 2018

The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has implemented numerous changes to the taxonomic classification of bunyaviruses over the years. Whereas most changes have been justified and necessary because of the need to accommodate newly discovered and unclassified viruses, other changes are a cause of concern, especially the decision to demote scores of formerly recognized species to essentially strains of newly designated species. This practice was first described in the seventh taxonomy report of the ICTV and has continued in all subsequent reports. In some instances, viruses that share less than 75% nucleotide sequence identity across their genomes, produce vastly different clinical presentations, possess distinct vector and host associations, have different biosafety recommendations, and occur in nonoverlapping geographic regions are classified as strains of the same species. Complicating the matter is the fact that virus strains have been completely eliminated from ICTV reports; thus, critically important information on virus identities and their associated biological and epidemiological features cannot be readily related to the ICTV classification. Here, we summarize the current status of bunyavirus taxonomy and discuss the adverse consequences associated with the reclassification and resulting omission of numerous viruses of public health importance from ICTV reports. As members of the American Committee on Arthropod-borne Viruses, we encourage the ICTV Bunyavirus Study Group to reconsider their stance on bunyavirus taxonomy, to revise the criteria currently used for species demarcation, and to list additional strains of public and veterinary importance.
Gametocyte Development and Carriage in Ghanaian Individuals with Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Authors: Dinko Bismarck , Ansah Felix , Agyare-Kwabi Comfort , Tagboto Senyo , Amoah Linda Eva , Urban Britta C. , Sutherland Colin J. , Awandare Gordon A. , Williamson Kim C. , Binka Fred N. , Deitsch Kirk W.
Published: April 2018

Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes develop over 9–12 days while sequestered in deep tissues. On emergence into the bloodstream, they circulate for varied amounts of time during which certain host factors might influence their further development. We aimed to evaluate the potential association of patient clinical parameters with gametocyte development and carriage via in vivo methods. Seventy-two patients were enrolled from three hospitals in the Volta region of Ghana in 2016. Clinical parameters were documented for all patients, and gametocyte prevalence by microscopy was estimated at 12.5%. By measuring RNA transcripts representing two distinct gametocyte developmental stages using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we obtained a more precise estimate of gametocyte carriage while also inferring gametocyte maturation. Fifty-three percent of the study participants harbored parasites expressing transcripts of the immature gametocyte-specific gene (PF3D7_1477700), whereas 36% harbored PF3D7_1438800 RNA-positive parasites, which is enriched in mid and mature gametocytes, suggesting the presence of more immature stages. Linear logistic regression showed that patients older than 5 years but less than 16 years were more likely to carry gametocytes expressing both PF3D7_1477700 and PF3D7_1438800 compared with younger participants, and gametocytemia was more likely in mildly anemic individuals compared with those with severe/moderate anemia. These data provide further evidence that a greater number of malaria patients harbor gametocytes than typically estimated by microscopy and suggest a possible association between age, fever, anemia, and gametocytemia.
Sources and oxidative potential of water-soluble humic-like substances (HULISWS) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Beijing
Authors: Ma Yiqiu , Cheng Yubo , Qiu Xinghua , Cao Gang , Fang Yanhua , Wang Junxia , Zhu Tong , Yu Jianzhen , Hu Di
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Water-soluble humic-like substances (HULISWS) are a
major redox-active component of ambient fine particulate matter
(PM2.5); however, information on their sources and associated redox
activity is limited. In this study, HULISWS mass concentration, various
HULISWS species, and dithiothreitol (DTT) activity of HULISWS were
quantified in PM2.5 samples collected during a 1-year period in
Beijing. Strong correlation was observed between HULISWS and DTT
activity; both exhibited higher levels during the heating season than during
the nonheating season. Positive matrix factorization analysis of both
HULISWS and DTT activity was performed. Four combustion-related
sources, namely coal combustion, biomass burning, waste incineration, and
vehicle exhausts, and one secondary factor were resolved. In particular,
waste incineration was identified as a source of HULISWS for the first
time. Biomass burning and secondary aerosol formation were the major
contributors (> 59 %) to both HULISWS and associated DTT
activity throughout the year. During the nonheating season, secondary
aerosol formation was the most important source, whereas during the heating
season, the predominant contributor was biomass burning. The four
combustion-related sources accounted for > 70 % of HULISWS
and DTT activity, implying that future reduction in PM2.5 emissions
from combustion activities can substantially reduce the HULISWS burden
and their potential health impact in Beijing.
Comparison of secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene on initially wet and dry ammonium sulfate particles at moderate relative humidity
Authors: Liu Tengyu , Huang Dan Dan , Li Zijun , Liu Qianyun , Chan ManNin , Chan Chak K.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been widely studied in the presence of dry seed particles at low relative humidity (RH). At higher RH, initially dry seed particles can exist as wet particles due to water uptake by the seeds as well as the SOA. Here, we investigated the formation of SOA from the photooxidation of toluene using an oxidation flow reactor in the absence of NOx under a range of OH exposures on initially wet or dry ammonium sulfate (AS) seed particles at an RH of 68 %. The ratio of the SOA yield on wet AS seeds to that on dry AS seeds, the relative SOA yield, decreased from 1.31 ± 0.02 at an OH exposure of 4.66 × 1010 molecules cm−3 s to 1.01 ± 0.01 at an OH exposure of 5.28 × 1011 molecules cm−3 s. This decrease may be due to the early deliquescence of initially dry AS seeds after being coated by highly oxidized toluene-derived SOA. SOA formation lowered the deliquescence RH of AS and resulted in the uptake of water by both AS and SOA. Hence the initially dry AS seeds contained aerosol liquid water (ALW) soon after SOA formed, and the SOA yield and ALW approached those of the initially wet AS seeds as OH exposure and ALW increased, especially at high OH exposure. However, a higher oxidation state of the SOA on initially wet AS seeds than that on dry AS seeds was observed at all levels of OH exposure. The difference in mass fractions of m ∕ z 29, 43 and 44 of SOA mass spectra, obtained using an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), indicated that SOA formed on initially wet seeds may be enriched in earlier-generation products containing carbonyl functional groups at low OH exposures and later-generation products containing acidic functional groups at high exposures. Our results suggest that inorganic dry seeds become at least partially deliquesced particles during SOA formation and hence that ALW is inevitably involved in the SOA formation at moderate RH. More laboratory experiments conducted with a wide variety of SOA precursors and inorganic seeds under different NOx and RH conditions are warranted.
Fossil and Non-fossil Sources of Organic and Elemental Carbon Aerosols in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou: Seasonal Variation of Carbon Source
Authors: Liu Di , Vonwiller Matthias , Li Jun , Liu Junwen , Szidat Sönke , Zhang Yanlin , Tian Chongguo , Chen Yinjun , Cheng Zhineng , Zhong Guangcai , Fu Pingqing , Zhang Gan
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Fossil fuel (FF) combustion and biomass burning are the two most important contributors to the highly polluted air in China. Given that the large territorial area of China, it is interesting to know how these two emission sources exert influences on carbonaceous particles over megacities in different regions and different seasons. Here, the radiocarbon (14C) isotopic signals are reported in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, China from 2013 to 2014. Generally, a greater contribution of non-fossil (NF) (> 55 %) source was found in all cities in autumn. However, the source seasonality was different among the cities in other seasons. In winter, FF contributed the most in Beijing (64 %), NF contributed the most in Guangzhou (63 %), and FF contributed slightly more than NF in Shanghai (54 %). In spring and summer, Beijing and Guangzhou were similar to each other with a higher contribution of FF (55 % and 63 %, respectively) than NF. FF had the highest contribution (71 %) in Shanghai in summer. Comparison of carbon sources between haze and non-haze periods suggests that the carbon sources in each season are almost consistent. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) mainly originated from biomass burning and vehicle emissions, except in Beijing in winter when the major source was residual coal combustion.
Linking the uncertainty in simulated arctic ozone losses to modelling of tropical stratospheric water vapour
Authors: Thölix Laura , Karpechko Alexey , Backman Leif , Kivi Rigel
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Stratospheric water vapor plays a key role in radiative and chemical processes, it e.g. influences the chemical ozone loss via controlling the polar stratospheric cloud formation in the polar stratosphere. The amount of water entering the stratosphere through the tropical tropopause differs substantially between chemistry-climate models. This is because the present-day models have difficulties in capturing the whole complexity of processes that control the water transport across the tropopause. As a result there are large differences in the stratospheric water vapour between the models. In this study we investigate the sensitivity of simulated Arctic ozone loss to the amount of water, which enters the stratosphere through the tropical tropopause. We used a chemical transport model, FinROSE-CTM, forced by ERA-Interim meteorology. The water vapour concentration in the tropical tropopause was varied between 0.5 and 1.6 times the concentration in ERA-Interim, which is similar to the range seen in chemistry climate models. The water vapour changes in the tropical tropopause led to about 1.5 and 2 ppm more water vapour in the Arctic polar vortex compared to the ERA-Interim, respectively. We found that the impact of water vapour changes on ozone loss in the Arctic polar vortex depend on the meteorological conditions. Polar stratospheric clouds form in the cold conditions within the Arctic vortex, and chlorine activation on their surface lead to ozone loss. If the cold conditions persist long enough (e.g. in 2010/11), the chlorine activation is nearly complete. In this case addition of water vapour to the stratosphere increased the formation of ICE clouds, but did not increase the chlorine activation and ozone destruction significantly. In the warm winter 2012/13 the impact of water vapour concentration on ozone loss was small, because the ozone loss was mainly NOx induced. In intermediately cold conditions, e.g. 2013/14, the effect of added water vapour was more prominent than in the other studied winters. The results show that the simulated water vapour concentration in the tropical tropopause has a significant impact on the Arctic ozone loss and deserves attention in order to improve future projections of ozone layer recovery.
Can Semi-Volatile Organic Aerosols Lead to Less Cloud Particles?
Authors: Gao Chloe Y. , Bauer Susanne E. , Tsigaridis Kostas
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The impact of condensing organic aerosols on activated cloud number concentration is examined in a new aerosol microphysics box model, MATRIX-VBS. The model includes the volatility-basis set (VBS) framework coupled with the aerosol microphysical scheme MATRIX (Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state) that resolves aerosol mass and number concentrations and aerosol mixing state. By including the condensation of organic aerosols, the new model produces less activated particles compared to the original model, which treats organic aerosols as non-volatile. Parameters such as aerosol chemical composition, mass and number concentrations, and particle sizes which affect activated cloud number concentration are thoroughly tested via a suite of Monte-Carlo simulations. Results show that by considering semi-volatile organics in MATRIX-VBS, there is lower activated particle number concentration, except in cases with low cloud updrafts, in clean environment at above freezing temperatures, and in polluted environments at high temperature (310 K) and extremely low humidity conditions.
On the accuracy of aerosol photoacoustic spectrometer calibrations using absorption by ozone
Authors: Davies Nicholas W. , Cotterell Michael I. , Fox Cathryn , Szpek Kate , Haywood Jim M. , Langridge Justin M.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In recent years, photoacoustic spectroscopy has emerged as an invaluable tool
for the accurate measurement of light absorption by atmospheric aerosol.
Photoacoustic instruments require calibration, which can be achieved by
measuring the photoacoustic signal generated by known quantities of gaseous
ozone. Recent work has questioned the validity of this approach at short
visible wavelengths (404 nm), indicating systematic calibration errors of the
order of a factor of 2. We revisit this result and test the validity of the
ozone calibration method using a suite of multipass photoacoustic cells
operating at wavelengths 405, 514 and 658 nm. Using aerosolised nigrosin with
mobility-selected diameters in the range 250–425 nm, we demonstrate
excellent agreement between measured and modelled ensemble absorption cross
sections at all wavelengths, thus demonstrating the validity of the
ozone-based calibration method for aerosol photoacoustic spectroscopy at
visible wavelengths.
Exploring the biogeophysical limits of global food production under different climate change scenarios
Authors: de Vrese Philipp , Stacke Tobias , Hagemann Stefan
Published: April 2018

Abstract. An adapted Earth system model is used to investigate the limitations that future climate and water availability impose on
the potential expansion and productivity of croplands. The model maximizes the cropland area under prevailing climate
conditions and accounts for an optimized, sustainable irrigation practice, thus allowing us to consider the two-way feedback
between climate and agriculture. For three greenhouse gas concentration scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5), we show that
the total cropland area could be extended substantially throughout the 21st century, especially in South America and
sub-Saharan Africa, where the rising water demand resulting from increasing temperatures can largely be met by increasing
precipitation and irrigation rates. When accounting for the CO2 fertilization effect, only a few agricultural areas
have to be abandoned owing to declines in productivity, while increasing temperatures allow for the expansion of croplands even into
high northern latitudes. Without the CO2 fertilization effect there is no increase in the overall cropland
fraction during the second half of the century but areal losses in increasingly water-stressed regions can be
compensated for
by an expansion in regions that were previously too cold. However, global yields are more sensitive and, without the
benefits of CO2 fertilization, they may decrease when greenhouse gas concentrations exceed the RCP4.5
scenario. For certain regions the situation is even more concerning and guaranteeing food security in dry areas in
Northern Africa, the Middle East and South Asia will become increasingly difficult, even for the idealized scenarios
investigated in this study.
Heuristic Approach to Multidimensional Temporal Assignment of Spatial Grid Points for Effective Vegetation Monitoring and Land Use in East Africa
Authors: Miori Virginia M. , Clements Nicolle , Segulin Brian W.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In this research, vegetation trends are studied to give valuable information toward effective land use in the East African region, based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Previously, testing procedures controlling the rate of false discoveries were used to detect areas with significant changes based on square regions of land. This paper improves the assignment of grid points (pixels) to regions by formulating the spatial problem as a multidimensional temporal assignment problem. Lagrangian relaxation is applied to the problem allowing reformulation as a dynamic programming problem. A recursive heuristic approach with a penalty/reward function for pixel reassignment is proposed. This combined methodology not only controls an overall measure of combined directional false discoveries and nondirectional false discoveries, but make them as powerful as possible by adequately capturing spatial dependency present in the data. A larger number of regions are detected, while maintaining control of the mdFDR under certain assumptions. Data Link: https://figshare.com/s/ed0ba3a1b24c3cb31ebf DOI: https://figshare.com/articles/NDVI_and_Statistical_Data_for_Generating_Homogeneous_Land_Use_Recommendations/5897581
MP CBM-Z V1.0: design for a new CBM-Z gas-phase chemical mechanism architecture for next generation processors
Authors: Wang Hui , Lin Junmin , Wu Qizhong , Chen Huansheng , Tang Xiao , Wang Zifa , Chen Xueshun , Cheng Huaqiong , Wang Lanning
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Precise and rapid air quality simulation and forecasting are limited by the computation performance of the air quality model, and the gas-phase chemistry module is the most time-consuming function in the air quality model. In this study, we designed a new framework for the widely used Carbon Bond Mechanism Z (CBM-Z) gas-phase chemical kinetics kernel to adapt the Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) technology in the next-generation processors for improving its calculation performance. The optimization implements the fine-grain level parallelization of CBM-Z by improving its vectorization ability. Through constructing loops and integrating the main branches, e.g. diverse chemistry sub-schemes, multiple spatial points in the model can be operated simultaneously on vector processing units (VPU). The Intel Xeon E5-2697 V4 CPU and Intel Xeon Phi 7250 Knight Landing (KNL) are used as the benchmark processors. The validation of the model outputs indicates that the relative errors are in an acceptable range (
Assessment of uncertainties in soil erosion and sediment yield estimates at ungauged basins: an application to the Garra River basin, India
Authors: Swarnkar Somil , Malini Anshu , Tripathi Shivam , Sinha Rajiv
Published: April 2018

Abstract. High soil erosion and excessive sediment load are serious problems in several
Himalayan river basins. To apply mitigation procedures, precise estimation of
soil erosion and sediment yield with associated uncertainties are needed.
Here, the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) and the sediment delivery
ratio (SDR) equations are used to estimate the spatial pattern of soil
erosion (SE) and sediment yield (SY) in the Garra River basin, a small
Himalayan tributary of the River Ganga. A methodology is proposed for quantifying
and propagating uncertainties in SE, SDR and SY estimates. Expressions for
uncertainty propagation are derived by first-order uncertainty analysis,
making the method viable even for large river basins. The methodology is
applied to investigate the relative importance of different RUSLE factors in
estimating the magnitude and uncertainties in SE over two distinct
morphoclimatic regimes of the Garra River basin, namely the upper mountainous
region and the lower alluvial plains. Our results suggest that average SE in the
basin is very high (23 ± 4.7 t ha−1 yr−1) with higher
values in the upper mountainous region
(92 ± 15.2 t ha−1 yr−1) compared to the lower alluvial
plains (19.3 ± 4 t ha−1 yr−1). Furthermore, the
topographic steepness (LS) and crop practice (CP) factors exhibit higher
uncertainties than other RUSLE factors. The annual average SY is estimated at
two locations in the basin – Nanak Sagar Dam (NSD) for the period 1962–2008
and Husepur gauging station (HGS) for 1987–2002. The SY at NSD and HGS are
estimated to be 6.9 ± 1.2 × 105 t yr−1 and
6.7 ± 1.4 × 106 t yr−1, respectively, and the
estimated 90 % interval contains the observed values of
6.4 × 105 t yr−1 and
7.2 × 106 t yr−1, respectively. The study demonstrated
the usefulness of the proposed methodology for quantifying uncertainty in SE
and SY estimates at ungauged basins.
EFFECT OF ANTENNA POINTING ERRORS ON SAR IMAGING CONSIDERING THE CHANGE OF THE POINT TARGET LOCATION
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Shijie , Yu Haifeng , Tong Xiaohua , Huang Guoman
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Towards spaceborne spotlight SAR, the antenna is regulated by the SAR system with specific regularity, so the shaking of the internal mechanism is inevitable. Moreover, external environment also has an effect on the stability of SAR platform. Both of them will cause the jitter of the SAR platform attitude. The platform attitude instability will introduce antenna pointing error on both the azimuth and range directions, and influence the acquisition of SAR original data and ultimate imaging quality. In this paper, the relations between the antenna pointing errors and the three-axis attitude errors are deduced, then the relations between spaceborne spotlight SAR imaging of the point target and antenna pointing errors are analysed based on the paired echo theory, meanwhile, the change of the azimuth antenna gain is considered as the spotlight SAR platform moves ahead. The simulation experiments manifest the effects on spotlight SAR imaging caused by antenna pointing errors are related to the target location, that is, the pointing errors of the antenna beam will severely influence the area far away from the scene centre of azimuth direction in the illuminated scene.
Structural analysis of traditional Chinese hidden-keyhole padlocks
Authors: Hsiao Kuo-Hung
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Hidden-keyhole padlocks use a plate or some other means to cover the keyhole
and are a category of traditional Chinese padlocks. The topological
structures of traditional hidden-keyhole padlocks have distinct arrangements
in the operation. Therefore, they are reconfigurable mechanisms. This paper
presents the structures of traditional Chinese hidden-keyhole padlocks, which
were popular and had abundant types. The structural characteristics of
hidden-keyhole padlocks are described first. Then, the representation for
kinematic pairs appeared in operating steps is introduced. The variable
chains of hidden-keyhole padlocks are presented by using the representation
of kinematic pairs, from which all topology variabilities of hidden-keyhole
padlocks in the operation are derived. Four main types of hidden-keyhole
padlocks are provided as examples to illustrate the configuration
transformations. This work presents a useful procedure to indicate and
analyze the topology variabilities of hidden-keyhole padlocks.
Continental drivers of ammonium and nitrate in Australian soil under different land uses
Authors: Lee Juhwan , Garland Gina M. , Viscarra Rossel Raphael A.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Soil N is an essential element for plant growth, but its mineral forms are subject to loss to the environment by leaching and gaseous emissions. Despite its importance for the soil-plant system, factors controlling soil mineral N concentrations over large spatial scales are not well understood. We used NH4+ and NO3− concentrations (0–30 cm depth) from 469 sites across Australia, and determined soil controls on their regional variation. Soil mineral N varied regionally but depended on the different land uses. In the agricultural region of Australia, NH4+ tended to be depleted (4.9 ± 4.8 vs. 5.6 ± 9.0 mg N kg−1) and NO3− was significantly enriched (6.0 ± 9.2 vs. 3.8 ± 9.9 mg N kg−1), compared to the non-agricultural ecological region. The relative importance of soil controls on mineral N in the agricultural region, identified by the model trees algorithm Cubist, showed that NH4+ was affected by total N, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH. In the ecological region, NH4+ was affected by CEC and pH, but also organic C and total P. In each of the regions, NO3− was primarily affected by CEC, with more complex biophysical controls. In both regions, correlations between mineral N and soil C : N : P stoichiometry suggest that more NH4+ was found in P-depleted soil relative to total C and total N. However, our results showed that only in the other ecological region, NO3− was sensitive to the state of C and its interaction with N and P. The models helped to explain 36–68 % of regional variation in mineral N. Although soil controls on high N concentrations was highly uncertain, we found that region-specific interactions of soil properties control mineral N concentrations and therefore it is essential to understand how they alter soil mechanisms and N cycling at large scales.
Inhibitory effects of Launaea taraxacifolia and Strychnos spinosa leaves extract on an isolated digestive enzyme linked to type -2 -diabetes mellitus
Authors: Adinortey Michael Buenor , Sarfo Justice Kwabena , Adinortey Cynthia Ayefoumi , Ofori Eric Gyamerah , Kwarteng Jeffrey , Afrifa Justice , Owusu Fobi Adjei
Published: April 2018

Background: The most prevalent type of diabetes mellitus (Type-2), is managed using many approaches, including the lowering of postprandial hyperglycaemia. Inhibition of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate breakdown such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase has been reported as a novel strategy to delay the absorption of glucose after meals. This study sought to determine the in vitro inhibitory potential of Launaea taraxacifolia and Strychnos spinosa leaf extracts on α-glucosidase enzyme and also determine their modes of inhibiting the enzyme.Materials and Methods: Plant extracts were prepared using soxhlet apparatus. Inhibitory effect of extracts at different concentrations and mode of inhibition were carried out using α-glucosidase enzyme isolated from the small intestine of a guinea pig. Results: Extracts of Launaea taraxacifolia (LTE) and Strychnos spinosa (SSE) leaves showed α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of approximately 69 % and 79 % respectively as compared to 73 % for standard drug-acarbose at a maximum concentration of 1000 μg/mL. The IC50 values recorded were 205.2±0.044 μg/mL, 129.4±0.094 μg/mL and 196.9±0.036 μg/mL for LTE, SSE and acarbose respectively. The Lineweaver Burk plot showed an uncompetitive mode of inhibition for both LTE and SSE as depicted by the lower Km and Vmax of enzyme inhibited by extracts compared to control. Conclusion: Extracts of Launaea taraxacifolia and Strychnos spinosa leaves showed significant inhibitory effect on an isolated intestinal α-glucosidase enzyme in an uncompetitive mode
The Potential Influence of Youtube as a Means of Disseminating the Findings of Research to Millennial-Aged Teachers
Authors: BondClegg Michael , Maynes Nancy
Published: April 2018

This study sought to discover if the means by which research was presented could influence teachers’ attitudes towards research. Survey and interview methodologies were used in the study. Findings included participants’ feeling that video may not provide the details that teachers would need to put the findings of the study into practice. They also indicated that follow-up professional learning would be required after video viewing. Participants’ level of accuracy regarding the findings of written or video research reports was low, at about 50% accuracy. While the group receiving the YouTube version of the study almost exclusively stated a high likelihood to access research presented in this format again, the group who received the written version of the study was not enthusiastic towards accessing written research in the future. It was not clear whether format has a notable influence on tendencies to use research to support professional learning and practice. As our information consumption tendencies trend towards mediums that promote rapid consumption, researchers should be aware that their work might be made more effectively available to young teachers by being presented in the format of a video, such as those hosted on YouTube.
Losing Ireland, Inventing America: O'Neill and After
Authors: Kiberd Declan
Published: April 2018

O'Neill's Long Day's Journey Into Night has had a palpable influence on subsequent Irish plays by artists as different as Tom Murphy (A Whistle in the Dark) and Brian Friel (Faith Healer). Its obsession with fog and foghorns is a leitmotif through Behan's The Quare Fellow. But the prevailing metaphor of a fog people, doomed to stammer a broken poetry ever since they lost their lives in the Unconscious of the underwater world and were cast up gasping on land, has also powerfully inspired Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill's poetic sequence The Fifty-Minute Mermaid. In a similar way, the depiction of a property-hungry, frustrated paterfamilias in the Moran of McGahern's Amongst Women is hugely indebted to the figure of James Tyrone. The various phases of Irish history, Anglo-Irish and mere Irish, are condensed into the story of the Tyrone family—and the influence of the famous play extends across all literary genres of recent Irish writing, not drama alone.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE VIBRAÇÕES E CONFORTO EM ELEVADORES COM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE ACIONAMENTO
Authors: Culau Erick Lopes , Quintas Juan Pablo Raggio , Gomes Herbert Martins
Published: April 2018

Com o passar dos anos e com o constante crescimento da população mundial, será cada vez mais importante o aprimoramento dos meios de transporte vertical. Portanto, faz-se necessário um estudo mais aprofundado, quantificando as vibrações em cabina para cada sistema de acionamento, determinando a partir destes dados qual o sistema que oferece maior conforto e aquele que é o mais desconfortável, buscando sempre entender os motivos que os levam a ser mais ou menos confortáveis para o usuário. Desta forma, são avaliadas as vibrações em elevadores com acionamento hidráulico e elétrico (tipo mais comum movido a cabos de tração, polia e motor), sendo que nos elevadores elétricos são analisados pelo menos três casos distintos: elevador de duas velocidades (AC2), elevador de duas velocidades com controle de tensão e corrente no motor de tração (ACVV) e elevador equipado com inversor de frequência para controle direto da amplitude das tensões e frequências, na aceleração e redução (ACVVVF). Os valores obtidos nas medições são comparados com os valores descritos na norma internacional ISO 2631-1 para vibrações de corpo inteiro, que determina os índices ideais de conforto em escala e também determina os valores e cálculos para análise com relação à saúde dos usuários.
La participación ciudadana en una democracia por hacer
Authors: Caminos Osvaldo
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 67, 1999: 35-42
Jornada mundial de la paz, 1999. El siglo XX y los derechos humanos
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 67, 1999: 69-93
Memorias de un fauno en su jardín
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Rafael
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 67, 1999: 95-128
Nohlen, D., Femández B.M. (ed.), El presidencialismo renovado ; Ortiz Ortiz, S., Función policial y seguridad pública ; Cox, S.M., Fitzgerald, J.D., La policía en las relaciones comunitarias
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 67, 1999: 129-133
Amanece la participación ciudadana
Authors: Editor El
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 68, 1999: 137-141
Las reformas recientes del banco central y el papel de la estabilidad de precios como el objetivo único de la política monetaria
Authors: Walsh Carl E.
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 68, 1999: 157-173
Reforma agraria y cooperativismo en El Salvador: antecedentes y perspectivas (1970-1996)
Authors: González Luis Armando , Romano Martínez Luis Ernesto
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 68, 1999: 175-206
La verdad primera. En torno a la filosofía primera de A. González
Authors: Corominas Jordi
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 68, 1999: 231-261
La exclusión social y sus efectos para el desarrollo humano
Authors: Editor El
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 69, 1999: 271-274
Sistema de fijación de metas inflacionarias de la política monetaria de Nueva Zelandia
Authors: Nicholl Peter
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 69, 1999: 305-314
Hacia una reinterpretación de las ideas filosóficas en El Salvador. El caso de los criollos
Authors: Herrera Sajid Alfredo
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 69, 1999: 339-356
Los fundamentos de la filosofía idealista alemana: Kant, Fichte, Schelling
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 69, 1999: 357-383
El significado político del desarrollo y la búsqueda de alternativas
Authors: Alfaro Salvador Orlando
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 69, 1999: 291-304
Green, D., La revolución silenciosa. El auge de la economía de mercado en América Latina ; Giovani Sartori, Homo videns. La sociedad teledirigida
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 71, 1999: 635-638
La política social y la participación ciudadana
Authors: Editor El
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 72, 1999: 641-644
A propósito de "Dos sesiones del seminario Zubiri de 1978"
Authors: Corominas Jordi
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 72, 1999: 777-788
Determinants of College and University Choice for High-School Students in Qatar
Authors: Al-Ali Mustafa Semsia , Sellami Abdel Latif , Elmaghraby Engi Assaad Ahmed , Al-Qassass Haneen Basheer
Published: April 2018

Drawing on existing research, this paper investigates various predictors of high school students’ college and university choice decisions in Qatar. Based on a 2015 survey of 1,427 participants, this study utilized exploratory factor analysis to identify variables that affect student choice of higher educational institutions (HEI). Three factors were extracted from the analysis, revealing the following aspects of the academic experience as important when choosing a HEI: quality of education, cultural values, and the cost of education. To further the understanding of the relevance of these factors for different student demographics, we employed ordinal logistic regression to test whether several independent variables (student’s gender, nationality, parental education, and parental occupation) act as significant predictors of the three extracted dimensions (dependent variables). The analysis revealed that, indeed, demographic characteristics significantly predict, to varying degrees, all three factors affecting student’s HEI choice. Discussion on postulated reasons behind the recorded relationships will follow, along with implications and recommendations for further study and research. Findings of this study will help HEIs in Qatar and the broader region to position themselves more effectively, and develop targeted strategies that attract a diverse student population.