bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Menschenwürde
Authors: Lauterbach Klaus
Published: August 2022

The protection of human dignitiy is embedded in Art. 1 of the German constitution as a supreme constitutional principle. Even though Art. 1 Abs. 1 GG, often in conjunction with Art. 2 GG, has subject of numerous decisions by the Federal Constitutional Court, there is considerable uncertainty as to how the constitutional concept of human dignity is to be defined. Aim of this work is to contribute a definition of the term and to describe the structure of Art. 1 Abs. 1 GG in greater detail. Furthermore, the author argues that Art. 1 Abs. 1 GG has the character of a fundamental human right. This position is then explained in more detail using known problem situations.
Anfechtbare Beschlüsse
Authors: Billerbeck Robert
Published: September 2022

The author deals with the formation, validity and legal effects of nullifiable resolutions in the law of stock corporations, cooperatives, limited liability companies, residential property companies and commercial partnerships, and elaborates a theory that applies to all forms of associations. For this purpose, he analyzes the teleology of nullifiable resolutions with reference to historical and constitutional aspects. Based on this, he shows that the formation of a nullifiable resolution depends solely on the determination of the voting result. Furthermore, he opposes the dogma of "preliminary validity" and sees nullifiability as a status in which the occurrence of the legal effects depends on the adressee and the situation.
Das Schicksal der Erde
Authors: Martin Philipp
Published: August 2022

Since 1950, the consequences of increasing the human impact on the Earth have become more and more evident, forcing literature to confront potential future catastrophes. Nowhere else is the catastrophic future of the ›Age of Humans‹, the so-called Anthropocene, imagined and narrated as impressively as in science fiction. Based on two far-sighted Scandinavian narratives from the second half of the 20th century, this book examines the function of science fiction as a medium of reflection on the current epochal change. It focuses both on the process of becoming aware of a new self-image and world view as well as on the challenges of representation associated with a catastrophic future.
Laberiini, a new tribe of Tropiduchidae planthoppers from Madagascar (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)
Authors: Stroiński Adam , Bourgoin Thierry , Szwedo Jacek
Published: August 2022

The tropiduchid monotypic genus Laberia Stål, 1866, endemic to Madagascar, is placed in a new tribe of its own Laberiini trib. nov. The tribe is placed in the subfamily Elicinae, and can be distinguished from other representatives of the subfamily by the unique combination of morphological characters of the head, tegmina, legs and genital structures. The genus Laberia and its only species Laberia palliata Stål, 1866 are redescribed, chresonymy is presented and nomenclatorial questions are clarified. Distributional data from Madagascar and doubtful presence of the taxon in Mauritius are discussed. Taxonomic content of Elicinae is briefly discussed.
El método de enseñanza musical Ward y su recepción en España. Entre la cuestión social y el motu proprio (Ca. 1873-1965)
Authors: Ramón Salinas Jorge , Zavala Arnal Carmen M.
Published: September 2022

En el presente artículo se reflexiona sobre el significado y alcance del método de enseñanza Ward concebido en su momento de forma genérica para la alfabetización musical de escolares, además de orientado al aprendizaje musical básico del Canto Gregoriano. Del mismo modo, se profundiza también en la figura de su creadora, la pedagoga norteamericana Justine Bayard Cutting Ward (1879-1975), atendiendo especialmente a la coyuntura y contextualización de la época en la que su sistema musical se desarrolla. Posteriormente se aborda el tema de la recepción del método Ward en España, enmarcada por la crisis sufrida por la Iglesia en el ochocientos, la cuestión social abordada por el Papa León XIII y la posterior reforma de la Música Sacra abanderada por Pío X, ratificada hasta el Concilio Vaticano II (1962-1965). Este método de enseñanza musical también toma como referencia la revitalización y normalización solesmense del canto gregoriano. La revisión que aquí se plantea a través del análisis del origen del método Ward así como la combinación de factores y circunstancias que lo propiciaron puede coadyuvar a la actualización de algunas de sus premisas en el ámbito pedagógico-musical, cuyos principios básicos muestran todavía vigencia e influencia en algunos de los principales métodos activos de educación musical.
Memoria, historia y educación en torno a las zonas grises de los recuerdos sobre la Guerra Civil española y el Franquismo
Authors: Castillejo Cambra Emilio
Published: September 2022

Este artículo, a partir de ciertos fragmentos de la memoria individual y de la posmemoria (la recibida o heredada) de su autor, relativos a la Guerra Civil española, el franquismo y la Transición, hace una doble propuesta. Plantea la necesidad de que la memoria y la historia, más allá de sus diferencias, confluyan en la búsqueda de la verdad. Y la necesidad de que la disección de los enrevesados pliegues de la memoria (sus fluctuaciones, sus olvidos, sus silencios, sus zonas grises) contribuya, a través de la enseñanza de la historia, a formar en los alumnos un pensamiento complejo y a ejercitarles en el buen uso de la memoria.
For a New and Bright Future: Propaganda in Hungarian Newsreels Between 1945 and 1954
Authors: Somogyvári Lajos
Published: September 2022

This study firstly emphasize the importance and relevance of analysing newsreels from a history of education aspect, which is a blind spot in the Hungarian research. The official Leninist ideology deeply influenced the genre, used as a channel of overall propaganda, during and after the communist takeover, between 1945 and 1954. Production and broadcasting depended on the political goals and turns of the Communist Party, combined simple messages with easily understandable narrative forms, to support campaigns, spread intended knowledge and so on. The footages has now digitized and open to access for everyone (https://filmhiradokonline.hu/): using the webpage, through a three-step data collecting and selection process, a database made, with 205 items to analyse. Three archetypes, basic storytelling forms are detected, I called them metaphorically One from the many, Occupying space and Learning society. The development and progression of the country after WW2 always represented in individual life-stories and personal backgrounds to get close these stories to the audience, trying to make Soviets and communists more popular. At the same time, more and more spaces are occupied by the new power, both physically and symbolically, for example the former castles became schools, training sites, etc., which signed the expropriation the past, too. Definition and scope of education extended in the discourses, because every member of the society would learn repeatedly the language of the new establishment. Propaganda and persuasion was overall in this process, one could not avoid interacting and reflecting somehow to this.
Jesús Yoldi Bereau. universitario al servicio del bien común
Authors: CASTILLO MANUEL
Published: September 2022

Reseña del libro
Pedro Luis Mateo Alarcón, Carmen Morente Muñoz y Roque Hidalgo Álvarez Jesús Yoldi Bereau. universitario al servicio del bien común. Granada. Editorial Universidad de Granada, 2021
La práctica narrativa en la evaluación psicopedagógica
Authors: Chimpén-López Carlos Alexis , Pérez-Jiménez Javier , Polo-Del-Río María Isabel
Published: September 2022

El presente trabajo pretende mostrar cómo incardinar los principios generales y los postulados del Modelo de Terapia Narrativa creado por White y Epston (1990) en el actual ejercicio de la evaluación psicopedagógica, en la etapa de Educación Primaria y desde la óptica profesional de un Equipo de Orientación Educativa y Psicopedagógica de sector (EOEP). Se plantean cuestiones al respecto como: ¿se pueden aplicar los principios de un Modelo de Narrativa a la práctica profesional de la evaluación psicopedagógica y la posterior redacción del informe psicopedagógico? ¿La práctica profesional orientadora se puede ver enriquecida con estas aportaciones? ¿En qué puede ayudar la Terapia Narrativa a la orientación escolar para el alumnado y su familia? Planteamos un estudio exploratorio descriptivo de caso único por ser el primer acercamiento a la introducción de las ideas narrativas en un proceso de evaluación psicopedagógica. Como respuesta general a las preguntas planteadas, se pudo encontrar que la práctica narrativa ofrece una descripción mucho más rica de la realidad educativa y social del niño, ampliando el informe psicopedagógico y permitiendo reflexionar con el alumnado y sus familias acerca de los recursos personales y estrategias que diariamente ponen en práctica para favorecer el progreso escolar del niño/a. Es necesario seguir profundizando en la temática para poder ofrecer información que permita encontrar resultados mucho más amplios y generalizables.
Editores periodísticos frente a las plataformas digitales: políticas de competencia para la industria editorial
Authors: Komissarov Serguei
Published: September 2022

Este artículo analiza la dinámica competitiva entre Facebook, Google y los medios periodísticos en línea. Por un lado, los editores de noticias y las plataformas digitales son complementarios. Los editores publican su contenido en las plataformas y les ayudan a atraer nuevos usuarios. A cambio, las plataformas generan tráfico web hacia los portales de los editores. Sin embargo, esta relación no resulta en un beneficio recíproco. Mientras que las plataformas explotan el contenido periodístico protegido por derechos de autor sin remuneración a cambio, también controlan el tráfico hacia los editores, quienes dependen de las plataformas para llegar a su audiencia. Por otro lado, editores y plataformas compiten en el mercado publicitario digital por la atención del usuario y el gasto de los anunciantes. La ventaja competitiva de los datos permite a las plataformas segmentar más eficazmente su audiencia para exponerla al mensaje publicitario. Como resultado, el gasto de los anunciantes se concentra en el duopolio Facebook-Google. Por su parte, los medios periodísticos experimentan una caída de ingresos publicitarios que amenaza su viabilidad económica. Para equilibrar estas asimetrías, los legisladores estadounidenses presentaron un proyecto titulado Journalism Competition and Preservation Act (JCPA). La ley permitiría a los editores periodísticos negociar colectivamente con las plataformas digitales para recibir una remuneración por el uso de su contenido. Existen dos antecedentes regulatorios a este proyecto. Francia es el primer país en trasladar la legislación de la Unión Europea sobre derechos de autor a su territorio. Australia sancionó un código de negociación colectivo y obligatorio para determinar la remuneración por el contenido periodístico distribuido en línea. En este artículo se comparan las tres legislaciones junto a sus efectos sobre la relación entre los editores periodísticos, Facebook y Google.
Parody, Irony and Satire: Literary Approaches to Rewriting and Subverting Reality
Authors: Cândido de Oliveira Martins José , Kołakowski Marcin
Published: August 2022

Introduction to “Parody, Irony and Satire: Literary Approaches to Rewriting and Subverting Reality”
Metagenomic Characterisation of Microorganisms in the Dental Plaque- A Pilot Study
Authors: Baskaran Ashok Veni , Jayaraj Aishwarya Dhanalakshmi , Menon Thangam
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Progression of dental plaque gives rise to periodontal disease. The oral cavity has a diverse flora of microorganisms and caries is often caused by members of the oral microbiome. Metagenomic techniques and next-generation sequencing technology have been used to analyse microbiomes. Aim: To analyse the components of the dental plaque by culture and metagenomics techniques. Materials and Methods: Present study was a pilot study in which analysis of the components of the dental plaque by bacteriological culture, 16s ribosomal Ribonucleic acid (rRNA) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with region specific primers and sequencing of V3-V4 regions using the Illumina platform was performed. Results: Ten different phyla were identified (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, TM7, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, SR1, GN02). Bacteriodetes was the most abundant phylum in the plaque samples. Firmicutes was less abundant in the plaque samples when compared to the control. Streptococci were more abundant in the control (57.93%) when compared to plaque samples (10.7%, 19.3%). Routine culture grew only Viridans Group streptococci (VGS). Conclusion: 16S rRNA gene sequencing is a useful method for studying the bacterial composition of the dental plaque.
Perceived Factors Affecting Academic Performance of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries of Apayao State College
Authors: B. Omaweng Jay Bee
Published: September 2022

The study aimed to determine the perceived factors affecting the academic performance of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries of Apayao State College. Significantly, perceived factors such as personal, family, school, teacher, community and multi-media sometimes affect the academic performance of the 4Ps respondents except for peer factors. Furthermore, it has also been a result of this study that there is a significant relationship between the profile variables and the academic performance of the respondents except for age. However, the level of the academic performance of the student is found as satisfactory so it has to be improved to attain higher grades in all the subject areas in school. It is acknowledged further, that the academic performance is a multi-factorial variable; hence other problems that affect their academic performance should be dealt with in order to look into other variables affecting academic performance.
Molecular Detection of Transgenes in Improved Varieties of Cowpea
Authors: Onuh Kingsley , Dikwa Karderam Bukar , Dan Victoria Moltong , Abdulsalami Mohammed Sani , Ozojiofor Ugochukwu Okechukwu , Oaikhena Enimie Endurance , Onuh Kenneth , Kereakede Ebipade , Danjuma Asabe
Published: September 2022

Cowpea is one of the most consumed food in Africa. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to insert foreign genes into plants genome via cassettes there by creating a new generation of plants with desired traits. Such plants possess improved seed quality, yield and resistance to pests and pathogens. The aim of this study is to screen for transgene in Cowpeas sold in Nigerian markets using molecular analysis. Five Improved varieties of Cowpea were obtained from IITA while local varieties were purchased from Terminus Market in Jos. All samples were screened for the presence of transgene via DNA extraction and PCR. Results shows the presence of transgene in MKT1, IT89KD and IT99KD, CAMV, NOS and VIP3BA respectively and none was found in local varieties.
Saudi Scientific Contribution to COVID-19 Published Research
Authors: Jahan Saulat , Al-Saigul Abdullah Mohammed , Kalevaru Chandra Sekhar
Published: September 2022

Background: Credible scientific information plays a key role in the control of epidemics and pandemics.

Objectives: To determine the contribution of Saudi published research in Covid-19 scientific information as regards topics, study types, institutional and geographical distribution of Covid-19 research publications.

Methods: In this descriptive study, we conducted a literature search in Pubmed and Google Scholar by using the search terms: “Covid-19” OR “SARS-COV-2’’And “Saudi”. Abstracts of the articles were reviewed to identify relevant articles, and the data were analyzed using Epi Info statistical package.

Results: Out of the total 1,322 publications, 641 (48%) were review articles, 410 (31%) were original research articles and 195 (15%) were record-based clinical articles. Cross-sectional surveys comprised 84.6% of the original research; 57.9% of these surveys were conducted among the general population while 42.1% were among healthcare professionals. The highest proportion of publications was from universities (71%) and Riyadh (40.4%) province. The articles were published in 586 journals; among these 23 (3.9%) were Saudi journals.

Conclusion: Saudi researchers have made a significant contribution to COVID-19 publications. However, a scarcity of analytical and experimental studies was observed. Researchers need to focus on these study designs to better guide clinicians and policymakers for evidence-based guidelines and policies in the local context.
Supramolecular Assembly of Edge Functionalized Top‐Down Chiral Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Vázquez‐Nakagawa Mikiko , Rodríguez‐Pérez Laura , Martín Nazario , Herranz M. Ángeles
Published: August 2022

The construction of supramolecular assemblies of heterogeneous materials at the nanoscale is an open challenge in science. Herein, new chiral graphene quantum dots (GQDs) prepared by amidation reaction introducing chiral amide groups and pyrene moieties into the periphery of GQDs are described. The analytical and spectroscopic data show an efficient chemical functionalization and the morphological study of the supramolecular ensembles using SEM and AFM microscopies reveals the presence of highly ordered fibers of several micrometers length. Fluorescence studies, using emission spectroscopy and confocal microscopy, reveal that the fibers stem from the π‐π stacking of both pyrenes and GQDs, together with the hydrogen bonding interactions of the amide groups. Circular dichroism analysis supports the chiral nature of the supramolecular aggregates.
Diatomic Pd−Cu Metal‐Phosphorus Sites for Complete N≡N Bond Formation in Photoelectrochemical Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Sun Jie , Yang Hanxue , Gao Weiqi , Cao Tongcheng , Zhao Guohua
Published: August 2022

The synergistic effect of bimetallic heterogeneous catalysis in the reaction of nitrate reduction to nitrogen has been widely discussed, but it is still not clear how this effect works at the atomic scale, hindering the rational design of high‐performance catalysts. Here, for the first time, 2D phosphorene was used as a giant P ligand to confine high‐density PdCu dual‐atom to form a unique PdCuP4coordination structure, and this catalyst achieves 96.3 % NO3−removal rate and 95.2 % N2selectivity. In situ characterization combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the PdCu dual‐atom form covalent‐like bonds with adjacent P atoms, reducing the adsorption energy of the reactants. The synergistic effect of PdCu dual‐atom promotes the breaking of N−O bond, and the short bond length of ≈3 Å between PdCu atoms accelerates the transfer of NO2−, and eventually the two Pd−N adjacent to the surface of Pd rapidly combine to form N2.
A Thioether‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Allyl Halides and Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Xu Jingwei , He Zhiqi , Zhang Jiwei , Chen Jiean , Huang Yong
Published: August 2022

C(sp3)−C(sp2) cross‐coupling reactions are an indispensable tool for organic synthesis. In these reactions transition metals have been extensively employed to promote the formation of valuable carbon‐carbon bonds. Herein, we report our recent discovery of a designer thioether as a highly active organocatalyst for reactions between an allyl bromide and an arylboronic acid. The cross‐coupling event occurred readily under mild condition in the presence of a weak inorganic base. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested a sulfonium ylide mechanism.
Synthesis, Configurational Analysis, Molecular Recognition and Chirality Sensing of Methylene‐Bridged Naphthotubes
Authors: Wang Yan‐Fang , Yao Huan , Yang Liu‐Pan , Quan Mao , Jiang Wei
Published: August 2022

Macrocyclic hosts with a well‐defined cavity are particularly appealing for supramolecular chemistry, but they are still rare. In this research, we reported a new class of macrocyclic hosts, namely methylene‐bridged naphthotubes, with well‐defined cavities. They were synthesized through TFA‐catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reactions between alkoxy‐substituted bisnaphthalenes and paraformaldehyde. A configurational selection was observed. Three‐membered macrocycles possess a single cavity, while four‐membered macrocycles adopt a double‐cavity conformation or a self‐filling conformation depending on the alkoxy length. The small homologue shows quite strong binding affinities (up to 108 M−1) to organic cations, which is better than structurally similar but flexible macrocycles. This demonstrates the advantage of a well‐defined cavity in molecular recognition. Moreover, these naphthotubes can be used as chirality sensors for chiral organic cations through different chirality transfer mechanisms.
Enantioselective Biocascade Catalysis with a Single Multifunctional Enzyme
Authors: Tseliou Vasilis , Faraone Adriana , Kqiku Laura , Vilím Jan , Simionato Gianluca , Melchiorre Paolo
Published: August 2022

Asymmetric catalytic cascade processes offer direct access to complex chiral molecules from simple substrates and in a single step. In biocatalysis, cascades are generally designed by combining multiple enzymes, each catalyzing individual steps of a sequence. Herein, we report a different strategy for biocascades based on a single multifunctional enzyme that can promote multiple stereoselective steps of a domino process by mastering distinct catalytic mechanisms of substrate activation in a sequential way. Specifically, we have used an engineered 4‐oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4‐OT) enzyme with the ability to form both enamines and iminium ions and combine their mechanisms of catalysis in a complex sequence. This approach allowed us to activate aldehydes and enals toward the synthesis of enantiopure cyclohexene carbaldehydes. The multifunctional 4‐OT enzymes could promote both a two‐component reaction and a triple cascade characterized by different mechanisms and activation sequences.
Hybrid Germanium Bromide Perovskites with Tunable Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Liu Yang , Gong Ya‐Ping , Geng Shining , Feng Mei‐Ling , Manidaki Despoina , Deng Zeyu , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Canepa Pieremanuele , Xiao Zewen , Zhang Wei‐Xiong , Mao Lingling
Published: August 2022

Ge‐based hybrid perovskite materials have demonstrated great potential for second harmonic generation (SHG) due to the geometry and lone‐pair induced non‐centrosymmetric structures. Here, we report a new family of hybrid 3D Ge‐based bromide perovskitesAGeBr3,A=CH3NH3(MA), CH(NH2)2(FA), Cs and FAGe0.5Sn0.5Br3, crystallizing in polar space groups. These compounds exhibit tunable SHG responses, where MAGeBr3shows the strongest SHG intensity (5×potassium dihydrogen phosphate, KDP). Structural and theoretical analysis indicate the high SHG efficiency is attributed to the displacement of Ge2+along [111] direction and the relatively strong interactions between lone pair electrons of Ge2+and polar MA cations along thec‐axis. This work provides new structural insights for designing and fine‐tuning the SHG properties in hybrid metal halide materials.
Untersuchung der Ausziehtragfähigkeit von gewindeoptimierten Holzschrauben
Authors: Hölz Kevin , Bremer Frank , Giebel Maximilian , Matthiesen Sven
Published: August 2022

Die Ausziehtragfähigkeit ist eine relevante Kenngröße für die Bemessung von Schrauben als Holzverbindungsmittel, sog. Holzschrauben. Diese wird, in Wechselwirkung mit den Holzeigenschaften, durch die Gewindegeometrie der Holzschraube beeinflusst. Bisherige Untersuchungen konnten die Einflüsse der Gewindeparameter auf die Ausziehtragfähigkeit noch nicht hinreichend ermitteln, um eine konstruktive Optimierung des Gewindes zu ermöglichen. In Versuchen mit Gewinde‐Testobjekten, welche gerade Gewindeflanken besitzen, konnte der Einfluss verschiedener Gewindeparameter auf die Tragfähigkeit ermittelt werden. Allerdings ist die Übertragbarkeit auf Holzschrauben bislang nicht untersucht worden. In diesem Beitrag wird die Untersuchung dieser Übertragbarkeit vorgestellt. Dazu wurden auf Basis der Ergebnisse zu den Gewinde‐Testobjekten zwei bezüglich der Ausziehtragfähigkeit optimierte Gewindegeometrien entworfen. Um die Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse zu prüfen, werden die Ausziehtragfähigkeiten von zwei Holzschraubenvarianten mit optimierten Gewindegeometrien, mit einer Referenzvariante sowie einer kommerziellen Holzschraube verglichen. Die zwei optimierten Holzschraubenvarianten weisen signifikant höhere Ausziehtragfähigkeiten gegenüber der Referenzvariante sowie der kommerziellen Schraubenvariante auf. Damit wird gezeigt, dass die Erkenntnisse der Gewinde‐Testobjekte übertragbar sind. Hersteller können diese daher zur Optimierung der Holzschraubengeometrie nutzen.
Facile spectrofluorimetric quantitation of octreotide, a synthetic peptide, in its pure form and pharmaceutical formulation; evaluation of the method’s greenness
Authors: Attia Tamer Z. , Abdulrazik Shrouk G. , Derayea Sayed M.
Published: August 2022

A new, rapid, highly sensitive, and affordable spectrofluorimetric approach has been constructed and validated for the determination of octreotide in its authentic form and pharmaceutical dosage form. Octreotide is an important synthetic analog of the naturally occurring somatostatin hormone. The developed spectrofluorimetric approach is actually dependent on the measurement of octreotide native fluorescence at emission wavelength of 342 nm after excitation at 218 nm. At optimal reaction conditions, the calibration curve has been constructed over the concentration range 200–2000 ng ml−1, with excellent linearity. The limits of detection and quantitation values were found to be 55 and 169 ng ml−1, respectively. The developed approach has been effectively used to determine octreotide in its pharmaceutical ampoules, without interference from the excipients in the dosage form. The developed approach is simple, time‐saving, and does not require multiple pretreatment steps for samples, costly apparatus, or dangerous materials. As a result, it can be used to detect and quantify octreotide acetate in quality control laboratories.
Improvement of multicatalytic properties of nitrilase from Paraburkholderia graminis for efficient biosynthesis of 2‐chloronicotinic acid
Authors: Tang Xiao‐Ling , Li Yu‐Yi , Mao Yue , Zheng Ren‐Chao , Zheng Yu‐Guo
Published: August 2022

Nitrilases are promising biocatalysts to produce high‐value‐added carboxylic acids through hydrolysis of nitriles. However, since the enzymes always show low activity and sometimes with poor reaction specificity toward 2‐chloronicotinonitrile (2‐CN), very few robust nitrilases have been reported for efficient production of 2‐chloronicotinic acid (2‐CA) from 2‐CN. Herein, a nitrilase from Paraburkholderia graminis (PgNIT) was engineered to improve its catalytic properties. We identified the beneficial residues via computational analysis and constructed the mutant library. The positive mutants were obtained and the activity of the “best” mutant F164G/I130L/N167Y/A55S/Q260C/T133I/R199Q toward 2‐CN was increased from 0.14 × 10−3 to 4.22 U/mg. Its reaction specificity was improved with elimination of hydration activity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the conformational flexibility, the nucleophilic attack distance, as well as the interaction forces between the enzyme and substrate were the main reason alternating the catalytic properties of PgNIT. With the best mutant as biocatalyst, 150 g/L 2‐CN was completely converted, resulting in 2‐CA accumulated to 169.7 g/L. When the substrate concentration was increased to 200 g/L, 203.1 g/L 2‐CA was obtained with yield of 85.7%. The results laid the foundation for industrial production of 2‐CA with the nitrilase‐catalyzed route.
Use of a 3D inkjet‐printed model to access dust particle toxicology in the human alveolar barrier
Authors: Kang Dayoon , Lee Hyomin , Jung Sungjune
Published: August 2022

Fine dust particles in the air travel into our body via the airway tract and cause severe respiratory diseases. Thus, the analysis of the effects of dust particles on the respiratory system has been receiving significant research interest. However, most studies on the toxicity of dust particles involve two‐dimensional (2D) cell cultures, animal models, and epidemiology. Here, we inkjet‐printed a three‐dimensional (3D) alveolar barrier model to study how dust particles cause respiratory diseases. The three‐layered in vitro model was exposed to A2 fine test dust with varying concentrations and exposure durations. The results highlighted the destruction of the tissue architecture along with apoptosis in the bioprinted alveolar barrier. The damage at the cellular level induced an increase in the amount of pro‐inflammatory cytokines secreted, followed by triggering of the signal transduction pathway and activation of transcription factors. As a consequence of the release of cytokines, the extracellular matrix was degraded, which led to the collapse of the cell structure, loss of cell polarity, and a decrease in barrier tightness. Further, the pulmonary surfactant protein‐related genes in the dust‐treated alveolar tissue were investigated to evaluate the possible role of dust particles in pulmonary surfactant dysfunction. This study demonstrated the use of 3D‐printed tissue model to evaluate the physiological impact of fine dust particles on cytotoxicity, alveolar barrier rigidity, and surfactant secretion of an alveolar barrier.
Differential metabolic profiles of ginsenosides in artificial gastric juice using ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Huang Juan , Gong Ming Jiong , Bai Jun Qi , Su He , Gong Lu , Huang Zhi Hai , Qiu Xiao Hui , Xu Wen , Zhang Jing
Published: August 2022

Ginsenosides have poor oral bioavailability and undergo rapid biological transformation in the complex gastrointestinal environment. Most studies on the metabolism of ginsenosides have focused on gut bacteria, yet gastric juice remains a nonnegligible factor. Metabolic profiles of ginsenoside monomers formed in artificial gastric juice were separately investigated and qualitatively identified using ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐LTQ‐Orbitrap MSn). A common pattern of their metabolic pathways was established, showing that ginsenosides were transformed via deglycosylation, hydration, and dehydration pathways. Two major structure types, 20(S), 20(R)‐protopanaxatriols and 20(S), 20(R)‐protopanaxadiols, basically shared similar transformation pathways and yielded deglycosylated, hydrated, and dehydrated products. Fragmentation patterns of major ginsenosides were also discussed. Consequently, gastric juice, as the primary link in ginsenoside metabolism and as important as the intestinal flora, produces considerable amounts of degraded ginsenosides, providing a partial explanation for the low bioavailabilities of primary ginsenosides.
Finite Element Analysis of Joints, Comparison of Results with the Component Method According to EN 1993‐1‐8:2005
Authors: Gómez Pablo , Gómez Amaya , Assis Paula
Published: August 2022

The current standards are based on the well‐known component method for the design of steel structure connections. This method proposes to analyse the joints as a set of more basic components. Its main drawback is the difficulty in extrapolating the method to perform the analysis of complex joints. As an alternative, it is possible to test the joints in the laboratory or to carry out finite element modelling. The purpose of this study is to compare the strength obtained on the basis of the Eurocode 3 criteria with the strength obtained from finite element models of two‐dimensional elements in order to validate a model which, a priori, is less accurate than the three‐dimensional element model.
Pedestrian & Cycling Bridge Over Calouste Gulbenkian Avenue, Lisbon – Conception, Design & Detailing
Authors: Fernandes Manuel Pera , Possolo Rafael
Published: August 2022

This article is about the general conception and design of a pedestrian and cycling viaduct in urban landscape, and its constraints characteristic of this kind of bridge, particularly concerning the positioning of the bridge, depending on topography and existing infrastructures, and the respective construction sequence.
A Novel Optimised Inter‐Locking Connection for Steel Modular Building Systems to Enable Reuse
Authors: Corfar Dan‐Adrian , Tsavdaridis Konstantinos Daniel
Published: August 2022

A new inter‐module connection was developed, adopting structural topology optimisation (STO) and the inter‐locking method of joining. The structural performance of the connection was assessed through a series of monotonic and cyclic FE analyses. Results revealed that the structural behaviour of the new connection was comparable to that of other inter‐module joints in the literature, while managing to tackle their limitations by introducing both an easy‐to‐install and easy‐to‐disassemble configuration with promising opportunities for reuse, demonstrating that inter‐locking joints can be worthy competitors for traditional means of attachment in the future of modular construction.
Mechanical Performance of 17‐4PH Stainless Steel Produced Via Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Andreacola Francesca R. , Capasso Ilaria , Pilotti Letizia , Brando Giuseppe
Published: August 2022

Additive manufacturing is a production process in which elements and parts are created by depositing material layer‐by‐layer. Thanks to the rapid development of 3D printing methods, the most common metals typically used in engineering can also be employed to produce elements with outstanding structural properties. This paper shows the main outcomes of an experimental campaign focused on the mechanical characterisation of the 17‐4PH stainless steel, one of the metallic materials most widely used for Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Tensile tests, carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of the material, are presented. Also the effect of annealing heat treatment on the residual stresses and the amount of residual austenite is discussed.
Complexe Sportive de Meudon – Structural Design and Construction
Authors: de Sousa João Faria , Neves Nuno
Published: August 2022

The “Complexe Sportive de Meudon” is a multisport venue in Trivaux – Paris, France, with a rectangular footprint of about 110 meters long by 70 meters wide. It includes an ice rink with 700No. seating places, a fitness centre, squash and padel courts, a climbing wall, and a full size 11‐aside football field, along with public and private parking space. The building's roof is entirely occupied by the football field, which is netted all around with a stainless‐steel cable mesh supported on discrete vertical steel elements, resembling “tuning forks”. A substantial part of the roof structure is supported off 12No. 45m long, varying depth plate girders, weighing 30tonnes each. This communication is focused on this part of the building's structure.
Fatigue Analysis of a Twin‐Girder Steel‐Concrete Railway Viaduct Based on the Master S‐N Curve Method
Authors: Alencar Guilherme S. , da Silva José Guilherme S. , de Jesus Abílio , Calçada Rui
Published: August 2022

In a recent research paper, Alencar et al. [1] demonstrated that the Master S‐N curve method (ASME) is also applicable for the fatigue analysis of welded bridge details. Thus, in this paper a methodology based on the Master S‐N curve for the fatigue analysis of welded railway bridges subjected to the railway traffic is proposed. A finite element model of a twin‐girder steel‐concrete railway viaduct over the river Sado was developed. The benefits of the proposed methodology are highlighted, such as the possibility to use a single S‐N curve.
Insights into the Effect of the Adsorption Preference of Additives on the Anisotropic Growth of ZSM‐5 Zeolite
Authors: Shi Jing , Du Yujue , He Wanren , Zhao Guoliang , Qin Yucai , Song Lijuan , Hu Jun , Guan Yong , Zhu Junfa , Wang Chuanming , Teng Jiawei , Xie Zaiku
Published: August 2022

Zeolite morphology plays a crucial role in affecting catalytic performance, while is persistently challenging to tailor through crystal anisotropic growth. It has been recognized that specific additives can be introduced into the synthesis of zeolites to achieve anisotropic growth, however their role and the underlying mechanism are not well understood. Herein, the effect of eight specific additives on the anisotropic growth of the ZSM‐5 zeolite is unveiled within the framework of crystallization engineering. Either an inhibition effect or a promotion effect is revealed for each additive according to the crystallization kinetics. The adsorption preference of typical additives on different surfaces was demonstrated by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) and transmission X‐ray microscopy (TXM) together with 3D reconstruction. The calculated adsorption energy difference between MFI [100]/[101] and [010] surfaces was proposed as a key descriptor to estimate the possible morphology induced by additive. ZSM‐5 zeolites varying from sphere‐like, plate‐like to noodle‐like morphology could be synthesized by employing specific additives with increasing adsorption strength difference on distinct surfaces.
Temperature‐Controlled Selective Mono‐ vs. Di‐ortho‐Arylation for the Synthesis of Arylhydrazine Derivatives
Authors: Gulia Nurbey , Fornalski Jarosław , Gumienna Adrianna , Ambroziak Małgorzata , Szafert Sławomir
Published: August 2022

A method of palladium‐catalyzed C−H arylation assisted with a 3,4,4‐trimethylpyrazol‐5‐on directing group, selectively providing mono‐ and di‐ortho‐arylated products is reported. Steric hindrance appearing between the directing group and the already introduced aryl substituent enables control of mono‐ vs. diarylation selectivity by the temperature of the reaction. Taking advantage of this, a series of monosubstituted and disubstituted derivatives were obtained in good yields. Moreover, unsymmetrical double‐arylation in a one‐pot procedure was developed to give corresponding products in reasonable yields. Additionally, synthesis and X‐ray study of intermediate palladium metallacycles of both, the first and second arylation reactions, were conducted. X‐ray structure comparison emphasizes the geometrical differences that were consistent with the observed reactivity. Finally, decarboxylative cleavage of the pyrazolone directing group under mild conditions gave synthetically useful hydrazones. The presented solution opens the alternative synthetic way to such ortho arylated derivatives of arylhydrazines.
Formation of a CoMn‐Layered Double Hydroxide/Graphite Supercapacitor by a Single Electrochemical Step
Authors: Roy Atanu , Schoetz Theresa , Gordon Leo W. , Yen Hung‐Ju , Hao Qingli , Mandler Daniel
Published: August 2022

Hybrid electric storage systems that combine capacitive and faradaic materials need to be well designed to benefit from the advantages of batteries and supercapacitors. The ultimate capacitive material is graphite (GR), yet high capacitance is usually not achieved due to restacking of its sheets. Therefore, an appealing approach to achieve high power and energy systems is to embed a faradaic 2D material in between the graphite sheets. Here, a simple one‐step approach was developed, whereby a faradaic material [layered double hydroxide (LDH)] was electrochemically formed inside electrochemically exfoliated graphite. Specifically, GR was exfoliated under negative potentials by CoII and, in the presence of MnII, formed GR‐CoMn‐LDH, which exhibited a high areal capacitance and energy density. The high areal capacitance was attributed to the exfoliation of the graphite at very negative potentials to form a 3D foam‐like structure driven by hydrogen evolution as well as the deposition of CoMn‐LDH due to hydroxide ion generation inside the GR sheets. The ratio between the CoII and MnII in the CoMn‐LDH was optimized and analyzed, and the electrochemical performance was studied. Analysis of a cross‐section of the GR‐CoMn‐LDH confirmed the deposition of LDH inside the GR layers. The areal capacitance of the electrode was 186 mF cm−2 at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1. Finally, an asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled with GR‐CoMn‐LDH and exfoliated graphite as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, yielding an energy density of 96.1 μWh cm−3 and a power density of 5 mW cm−3.
Weight loss in a cardiovascular trial population identifies people at future risk of dementia
Authors: van der Veere Pieter , Hammami Imen , Buck Georgina , Greenland Melanie , Offer Alison , Nunn Michelle , Whiteley William , Bulbulia Richard , Collins Rory , Armitage Jane , Mafham Marion , Parish Sarah ,   the Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Populations at increased risk of dementia need to be identified for well‐powered trials of preventive interventions. Weight loss, which often occurs in pre‐clinical dementia, could identify a population at sufficiently high dementia risk.

Methods

In 12,975 survivors in the Heart Protection Study statin trial of people with, or at high risk of, cardiovascular disease, the association of weight change over 5 years during the trial with post‐trial dementia recorded in electronic hospital admission and death records (n = 784) was assessed, after adjustment for age, sex, treatment allocation, and deprivation measures.

Results

Among the 60% without substantial weight gain (≤2 kg weight gain), each 1 kg weight loss was associated with a risk ratio for dementia of 1.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.07). Weight loss ≥4 kg and cognitive function below the mean identified participants aged ≥67 years with a 13% 10‐year dementia risk.

Discussion

The combination of weight loss and high vascular risk identified individuals at high risk of dementia who could be recruited to dementia prevention trials.
Efficient autonomous feedback controller parameter design considering robust stability for galvanometer scanner
Authors: Kuroda Eitaro , Maeda Yoshihiro , Iwasaki Makoto
Published: August 2022

Robust stable feedback (FB) controller design against plant perturbation is crucial for industrial servo systems. However, since the controller parameter design generally requires expert skills and/or considerable labor by engineers, an autonomous controller design technology would be promising. This paper presents an efficient autonomous design method that optimizes the parameters of a cascade structure FB controller to achieve robust stabilization. Conventionally, robust stabilization is realized by imposing stability constraints on all the perturbed plant model sets in a parameter optimization problem. As a result, the design time would be much longer owing to the complicated optimization problem. The proposed method makes the parameter optimization considering robust stability more efficient than the conventional method, by simplifying the stability constraint definition and optimizing the specified circle radius for the stability constraint based on a bisection method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through an example FB controller design for a laboratory galvanometer scanner.
A study of odor reproduction using multi‐component olfactory display
Authors: Iseki Masaaki , Prasetyawan Dani , Yokoshiki Yasufumi , Nakamoto Takamichi
Published: August 2022

A sensory test experiment (triangle difference test) was conducted using the 20‐component olfactory display to confirm odor reproduction based on odor components. The essential oils used were lemon, palmarosa, carrot seed, elemi, lavender, cypress and mentha arvensis. Each one was selected from seven essential oil categories. The sensory test reveals that it was difficult to distinguish between the reproduced odor and the target one. Thus, the odor reproduction by olfactory display based on odor components was generally possible. Furthermore, we found that the participants used its features or intensities as clues to distinguish between the blended odor and the target one from a survey of the free comments on the questionnaire sheets.
Effects of homoarginine supplementation on heart and skeletal muscle of rats with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Büttner Petra , Adams Volker , Werner Sarah , Ossmann Susann , Besler Christian , Schwedhelm Edzard , Thiele Holger
Published: August 2022

Aim

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with left ventricular stiffness, impaired diastolic relaxation, and severe exercise intolerance. Decreased homoarginine (hArg) levels are an independent predictor of mortality in cardiovascular disease and correlate with impaired exercise performance. We recently reported alterations in arginine, hArg, and related amino acids in obese ZSF1 rats (O‐ZSF1), with a HFpEF phenotype. Although low hArg is associated with diastolic dysfunction in humans, potential effects of hArg supplementation were not tested yet.

Methods and results

At an age of 6 weeks, 12 O‐ZSF1 were randomized into two groups: (1) O‐ZSF1 rats supplemented with hArg in their drinking water (sO‐ZSF1) or (2) O‐ZSF1 rats receiving no hArg supplementation (O‐ZSF1). At an age of 32 weeks, effects of primary prevention by hArg supplementation on echocardiographic, histological, and functional parameters of heart and skeletal muscle were determined. Lean ZSF1 rats (L‐ZSF1) served as controls. hArg supplementation did not prevent impairment of diastolic relaxation (E/e′: O‐ZSF1 21 ± 3 vs. sO‐ZSF1 22 ± 3, P = 0.954, L‐ZSF1 18 ± 5) but resulted in more cardiac fibrosis (histological collagen staining: +57% in sO‐ZSF1 vs. O‐ZSF1, P = 0.027) and increased collagen gene expression (Col1a1: +48% in sO‐ZSF1 vs. O‐ZSF1, P = 0.026). In contrary, right ventricular function was preserved by hArg supplementation (TAPSE (mm): O‐ZSF1 1.2 ± 0.3 vs. sO‐ZSF1 1.7 ± 0.3, P = 0.020, L‐ZSF1 1.8 ± 0.4). Musculus soleus maximal specific muscle force (N/cm2) in O‐ZSF1 (30.4 ± 0.8) and sO‐ZSF1 (31.9 ± 0.9) was comparable but significantly reduced compared with L‐ZSF1 (36.4 ± 0.7; both P < 0.05). Maximal absolute muscle force (g) (O‐ZSF1: 177.6 ± 7.8, sO‐ZSF1: 187.8 ± 5.0, L‐ZSF1: 181.5 ± 7.9, all P > 0.05) and cross‐sectional fibre area (arbitrary units) (O‐ZSF1: 1697 ± 57, sO‐ZSF1: 1965 ± 121, L‐ZSF1: 1691 ± 104, all P > 0.05) were not altered.

Conclusions

Preservation of physiological hArg level in HFpEF may not be suited to prevent alterations in left ventricular and skeletal muscle function and structure. However, hArg supplementation may be beneficial for right ventricular function especially in pulmonary hypertension in HFpEF. We may speculate that clinically observed decreased hArg level are not the cause but the consequence of a yet unrecognized pathomechanism that underpins HFpEF.
SARS‐CoV‐2‐related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adult complicated by myocarditis and cardiogenic shock
Authors: De Smet M.A.J. , Fierens J. , Vanhulle L. , Vande Weygaerde Y. , Malfait T.L.A. , Devos D. , Haerynck F. , Gevaert S.
Published: August 2022

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adult (MIS‐A) is a rare COVID‐19 complication, presenting as fever with laboratory evidence of inflammation, severe illness requiring hospitalization and multisystem organ involvement. We report on a 25‐year‐old man presenting with fever, rash, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and vomiting following prior asymptomatic COVID‐19 infection. He developed refractory shock and type 1 respiratory insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation. Diagnostic testing revealed significant inflammation, anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, hepatosplenomegaly, colitis, lymphadenopathy and myocarditis necessitating inotropy. Ventilatory, vasopressor and inotropic support was weaned following pulse corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins. Heart failure therapy was started. Short‐term follow‐up shows resolution of inflammation and cardiac dysfunction.