bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation in the Date of Leaf-Out in Jackson Hole's Deciduous Habitats: Effects of a Late Spring on Breeding Birds
Authors: Cody Martin
Published: July 2020

Deciduous trees and shrubs such as willows, cottonwoods and aspens, are common habitats in Jackson Hole, where their leaf-out dates, dependent on accumulated growing-degree-days (Gdd), vary year to year by well over a month. In 2010 these habitats had not yet leafed out by early June, and many trees and shrubs were not in full leaf until the middle of June. Leaf-out dates of temperate deciduous trees and shrubs are known to be determined by accumulated âdegree-daysâ calculated as the number of degrees above some minimum (e.g. 5Â° C) summed over time since the winter thaw. Some resident birds apparently track these variations and are able to occupy habitats at higher densities in early years. Migrants, with no prior knowledge of conditions in Jackson Hole, typically return to breeding habitats on schedules adapted to match the average leaf-out dates. In both early and late years their densities are lower, compared to densities in average years.
Phenotypic Dimensions of Reproductive Isolation Between Northern and Melissa Blue Butterflies in the Rocky Mountains
Authors: Gompert Zachariah
Published: July 2020

Biological diversity results from speciation, which generally involves the splitting of an ancestral species into descendant species due to adaptation to different niches or the evolution of reproductive incompatibilities (Coyne and Orr 2004). The diverse flora and fauna of the world, including the native inhabitants of the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA), exist as a result of the speciation process. The central role speciation plays in generating biological diversity imbues importance to our understanding of this process. The general importance of a thorough understanding of speciation is amplified because of the current high rates of extinction on the planet. This is because a long term solution to the present extinction crisis will require maintaining the processes that create species (speciation) not simply preventing extinction. However, many central questions regarding speciation remain to be answered. One fundamental question in speciation research is whether diverging species are isolated (i.e., prevented from interbreeding) due to differences in one, a few, or many characters and whether each of these character differences results from different alleles at a few or many genes. For example, speciation and reproductive isolation might involve divergence along multiple phenotypic axes, such as mate preference, habitat use or preference, and phenology (the timing of life-cycle events). Alternatively, isolation could result from differentiation of a single character. I propose to address this question by assessing patterns of variation for a suite of characters across a hybrid zone between two butterfly species. This is possible because patterns of character variation across hybrids zones allow for inferences about reproductive isolation (Barton and Hewitt 1985).
GPS Deformation Monitoring of the Teton Fault, Grand Teton National Park and Surrounding Area, Wyoming, for 2010
Authors: Puskas Christine , Smith Robert , Chan Wu-Lung
Published: July 2020

Recent earthquake activity in the Jackson Hole area, particularly the 2010 Gros Ventre sequence, has focused on possible regional ground deformation that may be related to the earthquakes (Farrell et al., 2010). The University of Utah has an established network of field GPS benchmarks that was last surveyed in 2003 and has now been resurveyed in 2010 (Figure 1). The campaign GPS measurements supplement the permanent regional GPS network and provide detailed information on temporal and spatial deformation in and around Grand Teton National Park.
Life in a Shrinking World: Thermal Physiology and Activity of Diurnal Alpine Mammals in Relation to Climate Change
Authors: Wilson James
Published: July 2020

The effects of increased global temperatures are being measured in many biological systems. Given the complexity of these systems, their responses to a changing climate are difficult to predict. Physiologic processes are particularly susceptible to temperature, leading to a species specific optimal range of habitable temperatures. As global temperatures increase, species will be exposed to a changing range of potentially stressful temperatures, especially in species currently living at their thermal limits (e.g., alpine mammals). Warming temperatures may force alpine species to move to higher elevations to maintain thermoneutrality. Ultimately, if temperatures increase as predicted, alpine mammals may be unable to move higher and may face localized extinctions. We hypothesize that many alpine mammals are currently living at the upper range of their thermoneutral zone and, in response to warming temperatures alpine mammals will experience ambient conditions above their upper critical temperature which will limit their activity period. We will focus on small diurnal mammals (Uinta ground squirrels and pikas) as they are prolific and potentially susceptible to high temperatures. The proposed study will not only provide sorely needed information on the basic thermal requirements of alpine small mammals, but that information can be used to generate physiologically relevant models to predict future changes in the altitudinal ranges of these species.
Ecology and Geology of the Greater Yellowstone Area
Authors: Burt R.
Published: July 2020

During the summers of 2009 and 2010 in conjunction with a long term study of small mammal community succession following the 1988 Greater Yellowstone fires undergraduate students at the University of Wyoming/ Casper College Center are provided the opportunity to engage in independent study projects associated with the small mammal work under the leadership of Dr. Scott Burt and funded by the Wyoming IDeA Networks for Biomedical Excellence (INBRE). The students enroll in Zoology 4900 for academic credit and combine laboratory work at the UW/CC Center with fieldwork conducted while in residence at the UW/NPS Research Station.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln Fundamentals of Geoscience in the Field and Methods in Geoscience Field Instruction
Authors: Harwood David , Thompson Kyle
Published: July 2020

These courses offer teachers an opportunity to learn about the geosciences and geoscience education through a 3-week inquiry-based field course across Wyoming, South Dakota and Nebraska. In 2010, two separate courses utilized the UW-NPS facilities. The group discovered local glacial features, evaluated the uplift and subsidence history of the Grand Tetons and Jackson Hole, respectively, and built upon growing geological abilities and knowledge of the geological evolution of the Rocky Mountain region. The first course (end of May) was directed at pre-service teachers enrolled in the Teacher Education program at the Univ. of Nebraska, and included 6 students and 2 observers from other universities. As part of the Nebraska Math and Science Summer Institute (NMSSI) program, the second course (middle June) was directed at in-service teachers, and included 8 participants. The primary aim of this course is to improve educators' ability to teach inquiry, gain knowledge and understanding of geoscience, and to demonstrate effective teaching methods that can integrate geoscience into K-12 learning environments.
Ecology and Geology of the Greater Yellowstone Area
Authors: Stancampiano Anthony
Published: July 2020

Each spring, near the end of May, students enrolled in BIO 2004- Special Topics in Ecology- at Oklahoma City Community College, are honored to experience 5-6 days at the AMK Ranch in Grand Teton National Park. Oklahoma City Community College (OCCC) is a metropolitan 2-year college serving the greater Oklahoma City area. OCCC is the 5th largest campus in terms of FTE in the Oklahoma higher education system. The college serves a diversity of students including a traditional and nontraditional enrollment.
Seasonal and Altitudinal Variation in Pollinator Communities in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Dillon Michael
Published: July 2020

Native pollinators are in decline across the globe, likely due to a combination of habitat loss, pesticides, invasive species and changing climate. Determining the independent effects of climate on pollinators has been difficult in part because we lack studies of pollinator populations in largely undisturbed areas. Early spring and alpine pollinators are most likely to be affected by changing climate. Using a standardized sampling protocol, I measured relative abundance of major pollinator groups (flies, beetles, bees, wasps, and butterflies) from early spring to late summer at sites ranging from 2100 to 3300 m elevation. Flies were most abundant in early spring and at high elevations. Bees were abundant throughout the season and across all elevations. These data suggest that flies and bees should be targeted for future monitoring because they may be particularly susceptible to changing climate, and their loss could cascade through the broader community.
The Effects of a Complex Trophic Structure of Mammalian Host Species on the Ecology of Emerging Infectious Diseases
Authors: Gutierrez Leticia , Ricklefs Robert
Published: July 2020

Wildlife-parasite interactions among both ectoparasites and haemoparasites and their hosts are not well known among North American mammals, particularly in the case of relatively intact and complex communities of mammals that include top-level predators, large herbivores and a wide variety of rodent species. Understanding the distribution of haemoparasites among potential mammalian hosts can indicate links between hosts, biological vectors, disease agents, and human disease risk. This study examines the role and effects of a complex community of mammalian host species in maintaining the overall health of the ecosystem. Thereby, it explores the indirect and direct effects of wildlife in preventing the emergence of human infectious diseases depending upon land-use change/vegetation cover and host species richness. Rodents were captured and screened for blood parasites and ectoparasites in spring and summer 2011 within Grand Teton National Park (Figure 1). Sites were chosen by land-use /vegetation cover. Small blood samples from trapped individuals were collected and kept in lysis buffer/FTA cards. All the animals were released unharmed after blood sampling and ectoparasite collection. Collaborative efforts lead to collection of blood/tick samples from large predators, mesocarnivores and ungulates. Parasite DNA isolated from mammalian blood samples is being analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot. DNA sequencing will be carried out to identify Plasmodium, Rickettsia Babesia, Borrelia, Ehrlichia, Hepatozoon, Anaplasma, and Theileria haemoparasites in the blood and in tick/flea samples.
Fundamentals of Geoscience in the Field and Methods in Geoscience Field Instruction
Authors: Hardwood David , Thompson Kyle
Published: July 2020

This course offers in-service teachers an opportunity to learn about geology and geoscience education through a 2-week inquiry-based field course across Wyoming, South Dakota and Nebraska. In 2011 this course utilized the UW-NPS facilities for 3 days in mid-June. The group discovered local glacial features, evaluated the uplift and subsidence history of the Grand Tetons and Jackson Hole, respectively, and built upon growing geological abilities and knowledge of the geological evolution of the Rocky Mountain region. The 2011 course included seven teacher participants (5 from Nebraska and 2 from North Carolina), one education and media facilitator from the ANDRILL Program at the Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), and two instructors. This course is offered as part of UNLâs Nebraska Math and Science Summer Institute (NMSSI) Program, receiving support from this program, from the Dept. of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, and private donations. The primary aim of this course is to improve educators' ability to teach inquiry in their classrooms, gain knowledge and understanding of geoscience, and to demonstrate effective teaching methods that can integrate geoscience into K-12 learning environments. The UW-NPS facilities provide an excellent opportunity for participants to discover the natural history of the Teton Range.
Seasonal and Altitudial Variation in Fatty Acid Composition of Native Bees
Authors: Giri Susma , Dillon Michael
Published: July 2020

Fatty acids (Fas), the most important energy resources in insects, may change in structure and thus function with changing temperature, a hypothesis termed âhomeoviscous adaptationâ. We investigated whether the proportional composition of the most common fatty acids changes with seasonal (June to August) and altitudinal (2060 â 3290 m) variation in environmental temperature among four species of native bees. We identified the composition and proportion of each fatty acid using gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Based on preliminary data, the most common fatty acids found in bees were palmitic acid (C 16:0), stearic acid (C 18:0), oleic acid (C 18:1), linoleic acid (C 18:2) and linolenic acid (C 18:3), with other fatty acids including myristic acid (C 14:0) and palmitoleic acid (C 16:1) also present in small amounts. We are currently 23eticulat GC data for larger bees and establishing protocols for fatty acid composition analysis of small tissue samples. Based on the seasonal and altitudinal variation in ambient temperature, we expect to see variation in fatty acid proportions in bees from different months at both sites.
Measuring the Morphology and Dynamics of the Snake River by Remote Sensing
Authors: Legleiter Carl , Overstreet Brandon
Published: July 2020

The Snake River is an essential feature of Grand Teton National Park, and this dynamic fluvial system maintains diverse habitats while actively shaping the landscape. The complex, ever-changing nature of the river make effective characterization difficult, however; traditional field methods are illsuited for this task. Remote sensing provides an appealing alternative that could facilitate resource management while providing novel insight on the controls of channel form and behavior. This study continued our ongoing assessment of the potential to measure the morphology and dynamics of large, complex rivers such as the Snake via remote sensing (Figure 1). More specifically, we acquired hyperspectral images and bathymetric LiDAR data in August 2012 and are now comparing the depth retrieval capabilities of these sensors; in situ observations of water column optical properties inform this analysis as well. In addition to bathymetry, we are investigating the feasibility of using these data to infer bottom reflectance and hence delineate various substrates, such as gravel and submerged aquatic vegetation. Another new aspect of our research focuses on estimating flow velocities from the hyperspectral images and high-resolution digital aerial photography acquired simultaneously. Extensive field measurements of velocity will help us develop this approach. Similarly, measurements of sediment grain size on exposed bar surfaces will be used to assess whether particle size can be inferred from the highresolution photography. Remotely sensed data also are being used to identify areas of erosion and deposition and hence quantify the sediment flux associated with changes in channel morphology. Additional hyperspectral and bathymetric LiDAR data will be acquired in 2013, along with field measurements of depth, velocity, and bottom type.
Sediment Transport and Bedload Lithology in Streams of the Teton Range, Wyoming
Authors: Ritchie Amber , Tranel Lisa
Published: July 2020

The ability of streams to erode bedrock and transport sediments is controlled by discharge. Yearly snowmelt, bedrock, and nearby rockfall deposits influence the flow of water and the sediments available for transport. Discharge and bedload sediments were observed over two summers to understand the impacts of precipitation and lithology on five stream channels in the Teton Range. Discharge was higher and bedload clast sizes were larger when more snowfall fell in the preceding winter months. All streams were able to transport sand to small gravel sediments. The type of lithology observed in the bedload was mostly controlled by bedrock available throughout the entire catchment.
Low Neutral Genetic Diversity in an Isolated Greater Sage Grouse (Centrocercus Urophasianus) Population in Northwest Wyoming
Authors: Schulwitz Sarah , Johnson Jeff , Bedrosian Bryan
Published: July 2020

Habitat loss is well recognized as an immediate threat to biodiversity. Depending on the dispersal capabilities of the species, increased habitat fragmentation often results in reduced functional connectivity and gene flow followed by population decline and a higher likelihood of eventual extinction. Knowledge of the degree of connectivity between populations is therefore crucial for better management of small populations in a changing landscape. A small population of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) exists in northwest Wyoming within the Jackson Hole valley, including Grand Teton National Park and the National Elk Refuge. To what degree the Jackson population is isolated is not known as natural dispersal barriers in the form of mountains and anthropogenic habitat fragmentation may limit the populationâs connectivity to adjacent populations. Using 16 microsatellite loci and 300 greater sage-grouse samples collected throughout Wyoming and southeast Montana, significant population differentiation was found to exist among populations. Results indicated that the Jackson population was isolated relative to the other sampled populations, including Pinedale, its closest neighboring large population to the south. The one exception was a small population immediately to the east of Jackson, in which asymmetric dispersal from Jackson into Gros Ventre was detected. Both Jackson and Gros Ventre populations exhibited significantly reduced levels of neutral genetic diversity relative to other sampled populations. More work is warranted to determine the timing at which Jackson and Gros Ventre populations had become isolated and whether it was primarily due to recent habitat fragmentation or more historic processes. Due to its small population size, continual monitoring of the population is recommended with the goal of at least maintaining current population size and, if possible, increasing suitable habitat and population size to levels recorded in the past.
Utah State University Watershed Sciences Graduate Student Induction Course
Authors: Wheaton Joseph , Belmont Patrick
Published: July 2020

Utah State University Department of Watershed Sciences runs an introductory course for all incoming graduate students (10 in fall 2013) immediately prior to each fall semester. The course is an intense, five day introduction to the fundamental concepts of Watershed Science, as well as the people of the Department of Watershed Science and the techniques they use in research. The course begins with one day focused on water quality and wetlands at Cutler Reservoir in Logan, Utah, then one and a half days focusing on collection of fish, remotely sensed data, and topographic surveys in the Logan River watershed, followed by one and a half days discussing landscape organization and evolution and making field observations in the Grand Teton region. We use AMK Ranch for lectures, discussions, group dinners, sleeping quarters, and as a central base for Teton area activities, including rafting on the Snake River (photos above).
Succession Effects on Mammal and Inverterbrate Communities 26 Years After the 1988 huckleberry Mountain Fire
Authors: Lanier Hayley , Kulikowski Andy , Seville R. , Roehrs Zachary , Roehrs Meredith
Published: July 2020

Fires are an important and increasingly common driver of habitat structure in the intermountain West. Through an ongoing study of burned and adjacent unburned areas along the John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway, we examine the long-term effects of the 1988 fire season on community assembly, succession, and ecological processes. We collected mark/recapture data on rodents, removal data for insectivorous mammals and invertebrates, and habitat measurements on four grids in 2014 and combined these results with previous survey data. In 2014, 4,800 trap nights yielded 13 species of small mammals, comprising 618 individuals. Macroarthropod abundance was higher on burned grids, but diversity was higher on unburned grids. In contrast, springtail (Collembola) diversity was higher on burned grids, but abundance was highest in unburned grids. Since the beginning of this long-term study, the total number of mammal species has increased across all sites, and relative abundance in burned areas has shifted from early successional species (Peromyscus maniculatus) to those more associated with old growth forests (such as Myodes gapperi). Other than in 1991, the burned grids have harbored more diverse small mammal communities than the unburned control grids. Significant, long-term differences in vegetation based upon burn history were observed, including different ground cover, less canopy cover, and more coarse woody debris in burned sites. This work provides a unique long-term picture of the interrelationships of small mammal and invertebrate communities and correlated habitat variables as these ecosystems undergo post-fire succession.
Archaeology and Social Geography in the Sunlight Basin, Wyoming
Authors: Scheiber Laura , Burtt Amanda
Published: July 2020

Painter Cave (48PA3288) is a dry rockshelter in the foothills of the Absaroka Mountains of northwestern Wyoming that has deeply stratified deposits. Archaeological materials were disturbed several decades ago by looters, who reportedly took a number of perishable Native American artifacts including moccasins and a cradle board, as well as numerous other unidentified objects. Preliminary assessment by Shoshone National Forest Service personnel in 2011 suggested that the site might still be partially intact. Indiana Universityâs Bighorn Archaeology project conducted a pilot study at Painter Cave and the surrounding area in 2014 in an effort to identify and recover any additional cultural deposits. Artifact recovery addressed local landscape use, cultural chronology of the area, subsistence strategies, and environmental conditions. The looter activity unfortunately proved to be extensive. Although team members identified numerous archaeological signatures at different sites in the study area, primary deposits in the shelter itself were disturbed in such a way that investigation into the use of Painter Cave by past peoples was challenging.
Testing Field Methods to Assess Interactions Between Native Caddisflies and the Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail (Potamopyrgus Antipodarum)
Authors: Greenwood Daniel
Published: July 2020

In Polecat Creek, WY, located in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the invasive New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) has been found to reach densities exceeding 500,000 individuals/mÂ². At this extremely high density, P. antipodarum has been observed to consume most of the gross primary production and have a negative impact on native macroinvertebrates such as the Hydropsyche caddisfly. The current population of P. antipodarum in Polecat Creek has declined suggesting the population âboomed and bustedâ; the population was booming in 2000-2001, but in 2011 the population had decreased substantially suggesting a âbustâ period for P. antipodarum. Native Hydropsyche caddisflies have increased dramatically in biomass during the 10-year span of data, which may indicate that some native macroinvertebrates have increased in biomass due to release of suppression by P. antipodarum. Consequently, during my research this summer I assessed several possible methods to test suppression of Hydropsyche by P. antipodarum. I devised a method to collect Hydropsyche and determined whether Hydropsyche can survive in experimental chambers for use in a future field experiment. I built wooden tiles to colonize Hydropsyche out of 4x4x2 inch wood blocks with 1/2 inch grooves along the length of the tile. Colonization was successful with approximately two Hydropsyche collected per tile in a 24-hour period. Based on low survival of Hydropsyche within experimental chambers, the use of different experimental chambers will be necessary. Specifically, chambers that are open on the upstream side should be used to better allow a fast flow of water, which is a requirement for Hydropsyche to collect food.
River Reach Delineations and Beaver Movement in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Gribb William , Harlow Henry
Published: July 2020

This project had two components, with the first component providing a background for the second component. Water resources in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) are both unregulated and regulated by human management. The Jackson Lake Dam and the ponds scattered across the park influence the flow of water. In the process of managing the water it is important to have knowledge of the different components of the streams through which the water flows. One component of this project was to examine the different segments of the major rivers in GTNP and identify the river forms that are displayed by the different reaches of the Snake River above and below Jackson Lake, Buffalo Fork and Pacific Creek. The river form can be segregated into three main categories; the single channel, the meandering channel and the braided channel (Knighton 1984). The different river forms are part of the overall structural composition of the river and can be used to delineate the segments or reaches of the river. The river continuum concept presented by Vannote et al. (1980) provides a theoretical background upon which to construct the river reach system. In 2007, Nelson (2007) completed a reach system project while investigating the fluvial geomorphology of the Snake River below Jackson Lake Dam (Figure 1.). His 20 river reaches provided a zonation of the river that incorporated a range of geomorphic features. This same type of system can be used throughout the GTNP so that researchers have a common spatial unit designation when referencing portions of the Snake River and its tributaries. Ackers (1988) in his work on alluvial channel hydraulics identified three dimensions of meanders that should be considered; width, depth and slope. He further agreed with Hey (1978) that there are nine factors that define river geometry and that these should be considered as well: average bank full velocity, hydraulic mean depth, maximum bank full depth, slope, wave length of bed forms, their mean height, bank full wetted perimeter, channel sinuousity and arc length of meanders. Nelsonâs work (Nelson 2007) added another parameter by including a braiding index into the representation of river reach designations. In a more recent work, the Livers and Wohl (2014) study confirmed Nelsonâs approach by comparing reach characteristics between glacial and fluvial process domains using similar reach designation characteristics to determine reach differences.
Front Matter
Authors: Dillon Michael
Published: July 2020

This entry contains the front cover and front matter.
Sunrise on the pines
Authors: Hardwick John
Published: July 2020

As the sun rises above a mountain ridge populated with pine trees, a short-lived but spectacular light scattering effect off the pine needles is visible. It was noted by the Victorian physicist and mountaineer John Tyndall in his two mountaineering books, and this paper describes Tyndall’s observations, discusses his and Professor Necker’s descriptions, and illustrates the effect with a modern photographic image, as well as commenting on possible explanations of the phenomenon. A rarely cited reference to a memorandum of Babinet has been found that gave Necker’s description as a spectacular example to illustrate his theorem “Babinet’s Principle.”
Efficient radiative transfer model for thermal infrared brightness temperature simulation in cloudy atmospheres
Authors: Li Wenwen , Zhang Feng , Shi Yi-Ning , Iwabuchi Hironobu , Zhu Mingwei , Li Jiangnan , Han Wei , Letu Husi , Ishimoto Hiroshi
Published: July 2020

An efficient radiative transfer model (ERTM) is developed to simulate thermal infrared brightness temperatures observed by the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) in this study. The ERTM contains an alternate mapping correlated k-distribution (AMCKD) scheme, a parameterization for cloud optical property, and a rapid infrared radiative transfer scheme. The AMCKD is employed to calculate the gaseous absorption in the inhomogeneous thermodynamic atmosphere. The optical properties of clouds are parameterized by the effective length for ice clouds based on the Voronoi model, and by the effective radius for water clouds based on the Lorenz-Mie theory. The adding method of four-stream discrete ordinates method (4DDA) is extended to be able to calculate the thermal infrared radiative intensity varying with the zenith angle in ERTM. The efficiency and accuracy of ERTM are evaluated by comparing with the benchmark model which is composed of discrete ordinate radiative transfer (DISORT) and line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM). Under the standard atmospheric profiles, the root mean square error (RMSE) of simulated brightness temperatures reaches a maximum of 0.21K at the B16 (13.28 µm) channel of AHI. The computational efficiency of ERTM is approximately five orders of magnitude higher than that of the benchmark model. Moreover, the simulated brightness temperatures by ERTM are highly consistent with the rigorous results and AHI observations in the application to the Typhoon Mujigae case.
High sensitivity fiber-optic Michelson interferometric low-frequency acoustic sensor based on a gold diaphragm
Authors: Fan Pingjie , Yan Wei , Lu Ping , Zhang Wanjin , Zhang Wei , Fu Xin , Zhang Jiangshan
Published: July 2020

A Michelson interferometric fiber-optic acoustic sensor based on a large-area gold diaphragm is proposed in this paper. The Michelson interferometer (MI) based on 3×3 coupler is comprised of two beams that reflected from the gold diaphragm and a cleaved fiber end face. Thickness and diameter of the gold diaphragm are 300 nm and 2.5 mm, respectively. Based on the phase difference between each output port of the 3×3 fiber coupler, an ellipse fitting differential cross multiplication (EF-DCM) interrogation process is induced for phase demodulation, which can overcome the phase distortion caused by property degradation of 3×3 coupler. Experimental results show that the sensor has a phase sensitivity of about -130.6 dB re 1 rad/μPa@100 Hz. A flat response range between 0.8 to 250 Hz is realized with the sensitivity fluctuation below 0.7 dB. Besides, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and minimal detectable pressure (MDP) of the sensor are 57.9 dB and 10.2 mPa/Hz1/2 at 5 Hz. The proposed sensor exhibits superiorities of compact size, high sensitivity, flat low-frequency response and ease of mass production, which gives the sensor great potential for low-frequency acoustic sensing and photo-acoustic spectroscopy.
Real-time observation of multi-soliton asynchronous pulsations in an L-band dissipative soliton fiber laser
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , He Jiangyong , Shi Huimin , Mao Beiwei , Feng Mao , Wang Zhi , Yue Yang , Liu Yan-Ge
Published: July 2020

Based on the experimental platform of an L-band normal-dispersion mode-locked fiber laser, we report the first observation, to our knowledge, of three novel types of multi-soliton asynchronous pulsation phenomena by virtue of the dispersive Fourier transform technique. The experimental results provide new insights into the complex multi-soliton dynamics under unstable mode-locking conditions. It is confirmed that more than one pulsating solution can coexist in a multi-pulse situation and that each soliton may evolve periodically in different ways. This implies that subsequent experimental and theoretical studies on multi-soliton need to take the differences among pulses into account and retrieve more degrees of freedom.
Effect of emitter orientation on the outcoupling efficiency of perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zou Chen , Lin Lih Y.
Published: July 2020

Metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have experienced a rapid advancement in the last several years with the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) reaching over 20%, comparable to the state-of-the-art organic LEDs and quantum dot LEDs. The photoluminescence quantum yields of perovskite films have also been approaching 100%. Therefore, the next step to improving the EQE of PeLEDs should be focused on boosting light extraction. In this Letter, we demonstrate the emitter dipole orientation as a key parameter in determining the outcoupling efficiency of PeLEDs. We find that the

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emitter has a slightly preferred orientation with the horizontal-to-vertical dipole ratio of 0.41:0.59, as compared to 0.33:0.67 in the isotropic case. A theoretical analysis predicts that a purely anisotropic perovskite emitter may result in a maximum EQE of 36%.
Festivity and the contemporary: Worldly affinities in Southeast Asian art1
Authors: Teh David
Published: July 2020

What is the place of the festival in the global system of contemporary art, and in that system’s history? Can the large, recurring surveys that are its most prominent exhibitions today even be considered festivals? Such questions become more pressing as sites newly embraced by that system take their place on a global event calendar, and as the events increasingly resemble those held elsewhere or merge with the market in the form of art fairs. What becomes of community and locality, of spontaneity and participation, as that market – and art history – takes up the uncommodified fringes and untold stories of contemporary art’s ever widening geography? This article stems from my research for a recent volume entitled Artist-to-Artist: Independent Art Festivals in Chiang Mai 1992–98, concerning a series of artist-initiated festivals held in northern Thailand in the 1990s known as the Chiang Mai Social Installation. These gatherings, and others like them, suggest that while national representation was the usual ticket to participation on a global circuit, the agencies and currency of national representation were not essential determinants of contemporaneity; and that it was localism, rather than any internationalism, that underpinned the worldly affinities discovered amongst artists in Southeast Asia at that time. The sites of this becoming contemporary were festive, sites of celebration and expenditure rather than work and accumulation. What does this mean for contemporary art’s history and theory, and how might it change our understanding of the region’s art and its international currency today?
A Moment to Celebrate? Art of the Caribbean at the Venice Biennale
Authors: Asquith Wendy , Wainwright Leon
Published: July 2020

In recent years, the sporadic presence of various Caribbean national pavilions at the Venice Biennale – Jamaica (2001), Haiti (2011), Bahamas (2013), Grenada (2015, 2017, 2019), Antigua and Barbuda (2017, 2019), Dominican Republic (2019) – has on each occasion been almost unanimously applauded as marking some sort of moment of ‘arrival’ or ‘becoming’ for artists of the Caribbean, and for the local institutional structures and professionals that surround them. This article critically explores what the gains are of such a presence beyond the fleeting ‘Venice effect’ – mega-hyped exposure to international audiences, curators, gallerists and other market actors. The alleged benefits-for-all of contemporary cultural exchange, in an expanding globalizing field such as Venice, are by no means shared equally, and such discourses gloss over layers of uneven privilege embedded within the institution.
Stay punk!! Stay free!! Subcultural identity, resistance and Covid-19 in northern Japan
Authors: Letson James D.
Published: July 2020

Punks have been a feature of subcultural scenes in Japan since as early as 1977. One of the main hubs of punk and hardcore activity outside of Tokyo is Sapporo, where an eclectic mix of both domestic and international influences has informed the growth and maintenance of a broad and inclusive community. Here, ‘punk’ and ‘hardcore’, rather than being seen as different, are considered to be just two points on a wide spectrum of ‘punkness’. In a country often described as culturally conservative, northern Japan’s punk and hardcore subculturalists provide an opportunity to reassess ideas of subcultural resistance. Through their everyday practice of resistance, which is simultaneously spectacular, yet unrecognized as resistance, the punk community in Sapporo reject the ‘salaryman’, as a symbol of Japanese ‘national character’. This article comprises an ethnographic study of the punk and hardcore community in Sapporo, looks at what holds this eclectic community together and suggests the concept of ‘everyday resistance’ as a framework for further study. The current Covid-19 global crisis has brought unprecedented challenges – as it has to communities all over the world – but has provided an opportunity to see how a community’s everyday practice inform and shape responses to emergency situations.
Effect Of Processing, (Boiling, Frying and Roasting) On The Nutrient, Antinutient And Phytochemical Composition Of Two Varieties Of Cocoyam
Authors: OLY-ALAWUBA NKEIRUKA , Uzochukwu Idam Prosper
Published: July 2020

The importance of food processing in enhancing nutrients contained in foods, cannot be overemphasized. The study evaluates the effect of different processing methods (boiling, frying and roasting), on the nutrient, antinutrient and phytochemical compositions of two varieties of cocoyam, (Colocasia antiquorum and Xanthosoma sagittifolium ).

Anti-nutrients are chemical compounds evolved by plants for their defence, among other biological functions. Anti-nutrients reduce the maximum utilization of nutrients (especially proteins, vitamins and minerals), thus preventing optimal exploitation of the nutrients present in food and decreasing the nutritive value.

Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) is a non-indigenous species, widely grown in the subtropical parts of Africa, as a traditional food crop. Cocoyam makes a significant contribution to the diet of local people in Nigeria, where it is easily available.

Cocoyam varieties (X.sagittifolium and C.antiquorum), were harvested from the farm, cleaned and divided into three equal parts, (those to be boiled, fried and roasted). Thereafter, were subjected to different processing techniques before analysis. Standard assay methods were used to analyse for antinutrients, nutrients and phytochemical composition.

The proximate and mineral composition of the Cocoyam varieties revealed improved values in some nutrients. Phosphorus improved (from 52.36mg/g to 65.39mg/g) Calcium (21.mg/g to 26.02mg/g), sodium (41.66 to 52.34mg/g), magnesium (11.66mg/g to 13.4mg/g), iron, (from 2.72mg/g to 5.72mg/g).

The different processing methods used, especially boiling, had a diverse effect in reducing the levels of tannin, phytate, oxalate, phenols, cyanogens, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids in relation to the other processing methods.  Boiling for 30minutes was also found to be highly effective in reducing the anti-nutrient content in both varieties of cocoyam. (Tannin reduced from 0.62mg/100g  to 0.15mg/100g;  Phytate, from 1.83mg/100g  to 0.12mg/100g and Oxalate, from 2.99mg/100g to 0.13mg/100g respectively). Alkaloid concentration decreased from 1.44mg/100g to 0.10mg/100g. Processing was effective in substantially reducing the cyanogens to low levels, from 1.44mg/100g (in raw Xanthosoma sagittifolium) to 0.07mg/100g (in boiled).

The result of the study showed that some, nutrients contained in food crops, could be improved and made more available to the body, through the application of some processing methods.
Reward System as a Strategy to Enhance Employees Performance in an Organization
Authors: Francis Felix , Zirra Clifford Tizhe Oaya , Charles J. Mambula I
Published: July 2020

This research paper is about reward system as a strategy to enhance employee’s performance in an organization. The research means this needs of an organization and its employee, their low productivity behavior and therefore the way this behavior are often change through reward to enable their performance boost the organization needs. The research was administered through constructive analysis from different articles that base on reward system. Descriptive and exploratory research designs were used for the purpose of this research work. The study observed that there is positive relationship between rewards and employees performance, productivity and retention in an organization. However, rewards system, in an organization should be designed with a constructed strategies that need to be a neighborhood of organization‘s culture.
RPI inflation rate from 1% to 5% – Mathematical Reasoning of Economic Intervening Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Economics (II)
Authors: Zhang Yingshan
Published: July 2020

RPI (Retail Price Index) is useful in understanding economic disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Economics (TCE) or Traditional Chinese Science (TCS), this paper demonstrates that for the RPI inflation rate of industry economic society, the normal range of theory is  nearly to . The first or second transfer law of economic diseases changes according to the different RPI inflation rate whether in the normal range or not. The treatment principle:“Don’t have economic disease cure cure non-ill” () is abiding by the first or second transfer law of economic diseases. Assume that the range of the RPI inflation rate is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy economy. Our works are the prevention or treatment for a more serious relation economic disease which comes from the first transfer law. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy economy. Our works are the prevention or treatment for a more serious relation economic disease which comes from the second transfer law. Economic disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship.
Epistemic Beliefs Moderate Mediations Among Attitudes, Prior Misconceptions, and Conceptual Change
Authors: Vivian James , Muis Krista Renee
Published: July 2020

We investigated the mediating and moderating roles of attitudes and epistemic beliefs in conceptual change during learning about genetically modified foods (GMFs). One hundred twenty undergraduate students participated. To measure misconceptions about GMFs, students first completed a prior knowledge test. Students then completed self-report inventories to measure their attitudes and topic-specific epistemic beliefs regarding GMFs. Students were then randomly assigned to read a refutation or expository text about GMFs. Following reading, students completed a test to assess conceptual change. Results of a repeated measures ANOVA revealed participants who read a refutation text changed more misconceptions at post-test than participants who read an expository text. A moderation mediation analysis revealed attitudes toward GMFs significantly mediated the relationship between prior misconceptions and conceptual change, and that this relationship was moderated by learners’ beliefs regarding the source and justification of GMFs knowledge. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed.
CRISIS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT CHOICE STRATEGY
Authors: AP Kunto Wibowo
Published: July 2020

Predicting the occurrence of a crisis is indeed difficult, where insensitivity picks up signals from existingsymptoms, causing it to only realize when the crisis situation. If you are not able to handle it will have badconsequences, and even the impact can not be predicted when it ends. Therefore, optimal efforts to reduce risksand uncertainties are carried out during a crisis, so that crisis management is needed to quickly return to normal.Risk conditions are conditions that have an impact on a situation such that it can cause a crisis or even a disaster.Crisis is a situation of very high potential towards disaster in a short span of time. While disasters are events thatthreaten and disrupt life and livelihoods caused by natural factors and / or factors not natural or human factors,causing casualties, environmental damage, property losses, and psychological impacts. So, crises and disastersrequire proper management. Accordingly, comparative advantage as a strategy can be a choice for crisis anddisaster management.
Lee Nukpe’s Nubile: A Carving With A Shadow
Authors: Seid'ou Kari'kacha , Ampratwum George , Kissiedu Kwaku Boafo
Published: July 2020

The Ghanaian sculptor Lee Nukpe belongs to the post-Independence or post-World War II generation of visual artists in Ghana whose bodies of work have not had due critical assessment, contextualization and review. The paper reviews Nukpe’s late-career work, Nubile, a bas relief representation of a bare-breasted young woman arrayed in Ghanaian nubility rites insignia. The authors identify carryovers from Ghana’s colonial and post-Independence generations such as the predominantly social realist aesthetic and veiled conservative sex and gender motifs. However, the authors also point out how the cut-and-dry cultural and formal motifs in Nubile are also undermined by Nukpe’s ostensible double-coding. This spectral feature of Nubile presents it as a “text with a shadow”. The authors argue that to a large extent, Nubile lends itself to ambivalent readings which could challenge Ghana’s patriarchal definitions of woman and nubility.
Filozofia, humanistyka i nauki społeczne – wezwanie do ofensywy
Authors: Lekka-Kowalik Agnieszka
Published: July 2020

The paper aims at justifying a call to go on the offensive in order to assure for philosophy, the humanities and social sciences a proper place in science as a whole. Against the background of the contemporary social context (transdisciplinary research, seeing science as a source of risks, rejection of a liner model of getting social benefits from basic sciences, recognizing stakeholders’ participation in research) the Author shows that any research project on life problems cannot be executed by natural or technical sciences alone, but it must engage philosophy, the humanities and social sciences. The same is true of applications of accepted solutions. The conclusion is that cooperation between natural, technical and social sciences, philosophy and the humanities is necessary in doingresearch and using its achievements. It is also required in education, if scientists and citizens are to act as stakeholders in democratic processes of shaping techno-scientific progress.
Global existence and finite time blowup for a nonlocal semilinear pseudo-parabolic equation
Authors: Wang Xingchang , Xu Runzhang
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the initial boundary value problem for a nonlocal semilinear pseudo-parabolic equation is investigated, which was introduced to model phenomena in population dynamics and biological sciences where the total mass of a chemical or an organism is conserved. The existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behavior of the global solution and the blowup phenomena of solution with subcritical initial energy are established. Then these results are extended parallelly to the critical initial energy. Further the blowup phenomena of solution with supercritical initial energy is proved, but the existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behavior of the global solution with supercritical initial energy are still open.