bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radyofarmasi
Authors:   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Nükleer Tıp Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Demir Mustafa
Published: January 2025

Radyofarmasötiklerin özellikleri, üretimi, aktivite miktarlarının doz kalibratöründe ölçülmesi,
KİT’ler ile radyonüklitlerin işaretlenmesi, radyofarmasötiklerin kalite kontrol yöntemleri, hedef
organdaki lokalizasyon mekanizmaları bu bölümün konularıdır.
Nukleus
Authors:   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Güven Mehmet
Published: January 2025

Bu bölümde, ökaryotlar ve prokaryotlar arasındaki temel ayırt edici özellik olan çekirdek (nukleus) anlatılacaktır. Çekirdek, genetik bilgi için depolama alanı olarak işlev görür ve ökaryotik
bir hücrenin kontrol merkezidir. Genetik materyalin çoğu çekirdeğin içinde bulunur ve DNA replikasyonu, transkripsiyon ve RNA işlemesi gibi önemli süreçler burada gerçekleşir. Işık mikroskobu altında gözlemlenen ökaryotik bir hücrede çekirdek, hücre hacminin yaklaşık %10’u nu
kaplayan en büyük görünür yapı olarak görünür. Nukleus ile sitoplazma arasında moleküllerin
taşınması, nukleus mebranında bulunan nukleus por kompleksleri vasıtasıyla gerçekleşir. Bu
moleküllerin taşınımı ile ilgili onları tanıyan reseptörleri vardır ve bu reseptörlere karyoferinler denir. Karyoferinlerden bazılarının görevi moleküllerin sitoplazmadan nükleusa taşınması
(import-importinler) diğerlerinin görevi ise makromoleküllerin nukleustan sitoplazmaya taşınmasıdır (eksport-eksportinler).
Ribozomlar
Authors:   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Öztürk Melek
Published: January 2025

Hücre organelleri, ökaryotik hücrelerin temel bileşenleridir. Ribozomlar hücrenin protein
sentez ünitesidir. RNA ve protein moleküllerinden oluşurlar. Hem prokaryot hemde ökaryot
hücrelerde bulunur. Ökaryotik hücrelerde ribozom biyogenezi nukleolusta gerçekleşir. Ribozom
biyogenezindeki kusurlar, ribozomal proteinlerdeki mutasyonlar ribozomopatiler olarak adlandırılan çok çeşitli konjenital bozukluklar ile ilişkilidir
Hücre İçi Vezikül Taşınmasının Moleküler Temeli
Authors:   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Öztürk Melek , Dağıstanlı Fatma Kaya ,   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye
Published: January 2025

Hücreler içinde, ER, Golgi kompleksi, lizozomlar, plazma membranı ve çeşitli endozomlar, birbirlerine veziküler trafik yollarıyla bağlıdırlar. ER üzerinde bulunan ribozomlarda sentezlenen
proteinler, ilk modifikasyonlarını ER lümeninde geçirdikten sonra daha ileri modifikasyonlar için
ER’den tomurcuklanan veziküller ile Golgi’ye gönderilir. Bu taşıma vezikülleri, hedeflerine doğru
ilerlemelerini sağlayan bir protein kaplamasına sahiptir. Hücrelerin bu hedeflere ulaşmak için
kullandığı üç ana protein kaplama türü (ve alt tipleri) vardır: Koatomer I (KOP I), Koatomer II (KOP
II), ve Klatrin. Veziküller, Rab proteinleri tarafından doğru alıcı membrana yönlendirilir ve alıcı
membranla kenetlenerek kaynaşır. Bu kenetlenme, veziküller üzerinde bulunan v-SNARE proteini ile alıcı membran üzerinde bulunan t-SNARE proteini arasındaki etkileşim ile gerçekleşir.
Füzyon ise iki fosfolipid çift tabakasının birbirleriyle temas etmesi ve birleşmesiyle meydana gelir
Gürültü ve İşitme Sistemine Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Yönetimi
Authors:   Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Kulak Burun Boğaz Ana Bilim Dalı, Gaziantep, Türkiye, Deniz Hüseyin , Karaman Ebru ,   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Odyoloji Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
Published: January 2025

Gürültü, istenmeyen, rahatsız eden ses, olarak ifade edilebilir. Gürültüye maruz kalmanın özellikle insanların sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olduğu gösterilmiştir. Gürültü, işitme kaybının
yanı sıra uyku bozukluğu ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar gibi rahatsızlıklara da neden olabilmektedir. Gürültüye bağlı işitme kaybı, bir defalık yoğun sese maruz kalma ile ya da uzun süreli olarak yüksek ses basınç seviyelerine maruz kalma durumunda da ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Gürültü,
kokleada mekanik hasara, metabolik hasara ve oksidatif stres hasarına neden olabilir.
Gürültünün işitme üzerindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi ve tanılanmasında, saf ses odyometri
testi standart ölçüm görevi görmektedir. Toplumsal değişimler, insanların gürültüye daha fazla maruz kalmasına yol açmaktadır. Özellikle mesleki gürültüye bağlı işitme kaybının yükünü
azaltmak için gürültü değerlendirmeleri, gürültü kontrolleri, çalışanların işitmesinin odyometrik izlenmesi, işitme koruyucularının uygun kullanımı, gürültüden korunma eğitimi, kayıt tutma
ve program değerlendirmesini içeren eksiksiz işitme kaybı önleme programlarını uygulamak
gerekmektedir.
Bingbaret : Inovasi Permainan Dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Matematika Siswa Tingkat SMA
Authors: Liyana Khaila Egi , Nun Lulu Ilmaq , Faradilla Sarah , Safira Sarah
Published: January 2025

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan pembelajaran aktif dengan metode permainan bingo untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika pada materi barisan dan deret aritmatika. Sebagai inovasi dalam pembelajaran matematika tingkat sekolah menengah atas (SMA) sederajat, penelitian ini membahas tentang permainan bingbaret (bingo barisan deret), seperti gambaran umum tentang penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis game board. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah literature review, artikel dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan mesin pencari seperti google scholar, publish orn phiris dan open read. Kriteria artikel yang digunakan adalah yang diterbitkan tahun 2013-2024. Berdasarkan artikel yang dikumpulkan sebanyak 34 artikel dan didapatkan hasil bahwa menerapkan metode game based learning dapat digunakan untuk membantu proses pembelajaran. Bingbaret adalah suatu inovasi game pada materi barisan dan deret aritmatika untuk mengasah kemampuan peserta didik dengan tujuan agar dapat menciptakan suasana belajar yang menyenangkan, memotivasi diri dalam proses pembelajaran, meningkatkan keaktifan dan minat belajar.
Concurso de Remédios na Hipótese de Violação da Cláusula de Declarações e Garantias em Contrato de Compra e Venda de Participação Societária
Authors: Mendes Lucas Vilela dos Reis da Costa , Egito Joana
Published: January 2025

Esse artigo se propõe a discutir os diferentes remédios que o nosso ordenamento jurídico oferece em caso de violação da cláusula de declarações e garantias (“R&Ws”) convencionadas em contratos de compra e venda de participação societária. Isto é, o regime jurídico aplicável ao seu descumprimento, o que abrange não apenas as consequências pactuadas pelas partes, mas também as implicações da utilização dos institutos jurídicos que conformam o regime legal do comprador, notadamente, responsabilidade contratual, erro, dolo, vícios redibitórios e evicção. O objetivo é debater a frequente situação de concurso de tutelas à qual o comprador é exposto ao pleitear o inadimplemento de R&Ws do vendedor, hipótese que expõe aquele a considerável complexidade jurídica, justificando um estudo comparativo entre os remédios disponíveis, seus critérios, efeitos e efetiva utilidade.
Competencies of Project Managers in Contemporary Organizations: A Survey Study of Project Managers in Poland
Authors: LUKASINSKI Wieslaw , ROMANSKI Piotr
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the competencies of project managers in contemporary organizations, focusing particularly on those leading projects in Poland. The motivation for this study arises from the growing importance of managerial competencies in light of dynamic changes within organizations and increasing demands on project leaders. Modern organizations face challenges in managing teams, especially with globalization, technological advancements, and shifting market needs. Despite extensive research on managerial competencies, there is still insufficient knowledge about which project manager competencies most influence project success in a complex and evolving environment. This study aims to address this gap by identifying key competencies crucial to project managers, especially in the context of the Polish market and the specific challenges faced by leaders in Poland. The research was conducted using a survey method targeting project managers across various industries, with a focus on their impact on project performance. Findings reveal that interpersonal competencies, such as communication, decision-making, and team motivation, are as important as technical skills, such as risk and budget management. The study also confirms that an effective project manager must combine leadership and analytical abilities, as well as manage teams, time, and relationships with stakeholders effectively. The study’s conclusions emphasize that organizations should invest in developing their project managers’ soft skills, including communication, team motivation, and time management.
Prevalence of anemia, hematocrit variations, and micronutrient supplementation practices among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Abdus-salam Rukiyat , Oni Olaolu , Adeyanju Ayodeji , Adeyeye Oluwabunmi , Victoria Ajani , Oluwatosin Taofeeq , Adebayo-Tayo Mercy , Medebem Obiageli , Tongo Esosa , Ajagbe Adenike , Nwaigwe Amarachi , Akinosi Taiwo , Oladayo Olatunbosun , Medical Students Group B 2019
Published: January 2025

Background: Anemia is a prevalent complication of pregnancy that poses significant a risk to both maternal and fetal health, potentially leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), anemia is diagnosed when hemoglobin (Hb) levels are below 11g/dL, with nutritional deficiencies being the most common underlying cause.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anemia, the intake of common micronutrient supplements, and other factors influencing changes in hematocrit levels among pregnant women.
Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in antenatal clinics in Ibadan from January to February 2023. Data were collected from 309 pregnant women in their third trimester using a pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire captured socio-demographic details, obstetric characteristics, packed-cell volume, and the intake of micronutrient supplements. Descriptive statistics were performed, and paired sample t-test along with linear regression analyses were used to determine associations. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.49 ± 5.03 years, with the majority having tertiary education (77%) and identifying as Christians (57%). At the time of booking, 42.9% of participants were anemic, with a mean packed cell volume (PCV) of 33.46% (SD = 3.83). A significant reduction in anemia prevalence was observed during the interview, with 26.8% f participants classified as anemic (Mean PCV = 34.03, SD=2.90) [t (155) = 2.089, p = 0.038]. While 73.5% of participants reported adequate folic acid intake, only 51.1% consumed sufficient ferrous tablets. Fewer than 30% of participants reported adequate intakes of calcium, vitamin A and other micronutrients. Changes in hematocrit levels were not significantly associated with micronutrient intake but were significantly influenced by participants’ age group (p = 0.029), level of education (p = 0.041), and religion (p = 0.007).
Conclusion: The study observed a significant reduction anemia prevalence during the third trimester among participants, despite suboptimal micronutrient supplementation. This suggests the possible contribution of alternative sources of micronutrients, likely dietary, with age and educational attainment emerging as significant influencing factors.
Keywords: Anemia, hematocrit changes, micronutrients supplementation, pregnancy, women.
SKILLS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER AS A SECOND LANGUAGE IN THE POST-PANDEMIC CONTEXT IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Authors: Souza Manuela Xavier Ribeiro de , Coutinho Diógenes José Gusmão
Published: January 2025

Abstract: This study investigates the challenges faced in English teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic, addressing the difficulties and strategies adopted by educators and students during this period. The research was conducted through a review of existing literature, utilizing original articles found in relevant databases. The results indicate that the lack of technological infrastructure and limitations in teacher training were the main obstacles, compromising student engagement and the effectiveness of pedagogical practices. Furthermore, the analysis emphasizes the need for new approaches and the importance of investments in technology and ongoing training for educators. It is concluded that to ensure quality English teaching, it is essential to promote methodological adaptations that meet the demands of the contemporary educational environment.
Unleashing the potential of geostationary satellite observations in air quality forecasting through artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Zhang Chengxin , Niu Xinhan , Wu Hongyu , Ding Zhipeng , Chan Ka Lok , Kim Jhoon , Wagner Thomas , Liu Cheng
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Air quality forecasting plays a critical role in mitigating air pollution. However, current physics-based air pollution predictions encounter challenges in accuracy and spatiotemporal resolution due to limitations in the understanding of atmospheric physical mechanisms, observational constraints, and computational capacity. The world's first geostationary satellite UV–Vis spectrometer, i.e., the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS), offers hourly measurements of atmospheric trace gas pollutants at high spatial resolution over East Asia. In this study, we successfully incorporate geostationary satellite observations into a neural network model (GeoNet) to forecast full-coverage surface nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations over eastern China at 4 h intervals for the next 24 h. GeoNet leverages spatiotemporal series of satellite NO2 observations to capture the intricate relationships among air quality, meteorology, and emissions in both temporal and spatial domains. Evaluation against ground-based measurements demonstrates that GeoNet accurately predicts diurnal variations and spatial distribution details of next-day NO2 pollution, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.68 and a root mean square of error of 12.31 µg m−3, significantly surpassing traditional air quality model forecasts. The model's interpretability reveals that geostationary satellite observations notably improve NO2 forecast capability more than other input features, especially over polluted regions. Our findings demonstrate the significant potential of geostationary satellite observations in artificial-intelligence-based air quality forecasting, with implications for early warning of air pollution events and human health exposure.
A dynamical separation of deep and shallow branches in the stratospheric circulation
Authors: Baikhadzhaev Rasul , Ploeger Felix , Preusse Peter , Ern Manfred , Birner Thomas
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The wave driven Brewer-Dobson circulation plays a crucial role in determining the transport of trace gases and aerosols in stratosphere. We examine the structure of the circulation based on reanalyses data (ERA5, ERA-Interim, MERRA2, JRA55), using the Transformed Eulerian Mean and downward control framework, aiming for a dynamical separation of different circulation branches in terms of outflow generated by wave driving. The results show the existence of different circulation regimes, with a deep circulation branch mainly driven by large-scale waves with wavenumbers 1–3, and a shallow circulation branch mainly driven by smaller-scale waves with wavenumbers 4–180. We propose a definition of the separation level between a shallow and deep branch as the lowest level where outflow from waves 1–3 is larger than from waves 4–180. We show that this level occurs at approximately 22 km (43 hPa) and exhibits a weak annual cycle. This climatological structure is robust in various reanalyses. The variability of the circulation in the deep branch above the separation level is mainly related to large-scale waves 1–3, while the variability in the shallow branch is related to both smaller-scale and large-scale waves. Trends in the circulation over the period 1980–2017 show an upward shift of the deep branch related to waves 1–3 and a downward shift of the shallow branch related to both large and smaller scale waves. The height of the separation level shows no significant trend. Taking into account differences in wave driving between the branches of the circulation could reduce the spread in model inter-comparisons.
Mapping global distributions, environmental controls, and uncertainties of apparent top- and subsoil organic carbon turnover times
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yang Lin , Crowther Thomas W. , Zohner Constantin M. , Doetterl Sebastian , Heuvelink Gerard B. M. , Wadoux Alexandre M. J.-C. , Zhu A.-Xing , Pu Yue , Shen Feixue , Ma Haozhi , Zou Yibiao , Zhou Chenghu
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The turnover time (τ) of global soil organic carbon is central to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Yet our spatially-explicit understanding of depth-dependent variations and environmental controls of τ at a global scale remain incomplete. In this study, we combine multiple state-of-the-art observation-based datasets, including over ninety thousand geo-referenced soil profiles, the latest root observations distributed globally, and large amounts of satellite-derived environmental variables, to generate global maps of apparent τ in topsoil (0–0.3 m) and subsoil (0.3–1 m) layers with a spatial resolution of 30 arcsec (~1 km at the Equator). We show that subsoil τ (385203485 years [mean with a variation range from 2.5th to 97.5th percentile]) is over eight times longer than topsoil τ (1511137 years). The cross-validation shows that the fitted machine learning models effectively captured the variabilities in τ, with R2 values of 0.87 and 0.70 for topsoil and subsoil τ mapping, respectively. The prediction uncertainties of the τ maps were quantified for better user applications. The environmental controls on top- and subsoil τ were investigated at global, biome, and local scales. Our analyses illustrate that how temperature, water availability, physio-chemical properties and depth exert jointly impacts on τ. The data-driven approaches allow us to identify their interactions, thereby enriching our comprehension of mechanisms driving nonlinear τ–environment relationships from global to local scales. The distributions of dominating factors of τ at local scales were mapped for identifying context-dependent controls on τ across different regions. We further reveal that the current Earth system models may underestimate τ by comparing model-derived maps with our observation-derived τ maps. The resulting maps with new insights demonstrated in this study facilitate the future modelling efforts of carbon cycle–climate feedbacks and supporting effective carbon management. The dataset is archived and freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14560239 (Zhang, 2025).
Combining uncertainty quantification and entropy-inspired concepts into a single objective function for rainfall-runoff model calibration
Authors: Pizarro Alonso , Koutsoyiannis Demetris , Montanari Alberto
Published: January 2025

Abstract. A novel metric for rainfall-runoff model calibration and performance assessment is proposed. By integrating entropy and mutual information concepts as well as uncertainty quantification through BLUECAT (likelihood-free approach), RUMI (Ratio of Uncertainty to Mutual Information) offers a robust framework for quantifying the shared information between observed and simulated stream flows. RUMI’s capabilities to calibrate rainfall-runoff models is demonstrated using the GR4J rainfall-runoff model over 99 catchments from various macroclimatic zones, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation. Four additional performance metrics and 50 hydrological signatures were also used for performance assessment. Key findings indicate that RUMI-based simulations provide more consistent and reliable results compared to the traditional Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE), with improved performance across multiple metrics and reduced variability. Additionally, RUMI includes uncertainty quantification as a core computation step, offering a more holistic view of model performance. This study highlights the potential of RUMI to enhance hydrological modelling through better performance metrics and uncertainty assessment, contributing to more accurate and reliable hydrological predictions.
Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater in the Southeast of Benghazi City, Libya
Authors: Osama A. El Fallah  , Mohamed S. Al Faitouri  , Ahmed M. Muftah
Published: January 2025

Libya is situated in an arid region of northern Africa, and faces significant water scarcity, making water one of the most essential resources in the whole country. Therefore, to achieve water security in Libya, surface and groundwater resources must be assessed, protected, and kept uncontaminated. This paper evaluates the hydrochemistry, water quality, and the possibility of use for various purposes of the groundwater in the area southeastern of Benghazi city. Some hydrogeochemical relations such as Piper, Gibbs, Salinity, and Wilcox diagrams were employed to  determinate the origin, type, and property of the groundwater, also; to know the different uses of this groundwater and the relationships between the chemical variables. Phreeqc software also has been used to know the saturation index (SI) of the water with minerals of the aquifer's rocks, as it indicated that the groundwater is slightly saturated with carbonate minerals and under-saturated with evaporate minerals. In general, the studied groundwater is salty to highly salty, holding high concentrations of the total dissolved solids (TDS), and is dominated by sodium and chloride "primary salinity" water type, in response to rock weathering and water-rock interaction as they are the most natural processes controlling groundwater chemistry. However, the water is highly salty and unsuitable for drinking, but it can be potentially utilized for the irrigation of some select crops to contribute to sustainable water resource utilization in the region.
DESIGN OF A MINI HYDROTURBINE GENERATOR FOR CAMPUS STREETLIGHTS
Authors: Amalu U. C. , Onuike C. B.
Published: January 2025

This project addresses the pressing need for sustainable energy solutions in Africa, where uninterrupted electricity is often unavailable. The system utilizes the low head and flow rate of the Otamiri River to power streetlights on campus, showcasing an innovative approach to localized renewable energy generation. The project focused on designing Archimedean screw blades suitable for low-flow water conditions. Fabrication involved simulation, precise material selection, and the use of locally sourced components. Solar power solutions are insufficient for powering streetlights due to the need for periodic battery replacement. Additionally, Africa's unreliable power supply and the high cost of PMS make this solution particularly advantageous. However, challenges such as misalignments due to inadequate precision tools and a lack of flowing water for testing posed limitations. A maximum efficiency of 49% was achieved to produce a power of 1.4W power, at a speed of 225rpm and slope of 25o. Despite these obstacles, valuable performance data was gathered, highlighting areas for improvement. Future advancements should focus on using corrosion-resistant materials, optimizing blade configuration, and ensuring precision manufacturing for accurate assembly. Enhancing the system with efficient electric generators and addressing energy losses will increase its scalability. Testing full-scale models under varied conditions will further validate its potential. This work underscores the importance of sustainable, cost-effective solutions tailored to regional energy needs, offering a pathway to energy self-sufficiency across Africa.
Comparison of methods for assessing the quality of rehabilitation measures by indicators of statodynamic functions and emg studies in dogs
Authors: Aleksandrova E. Yu. , Kryachko O. V.
Published: January 2025

The work is devoted to the qualitative and quantitative assessment of physical rehabilitation in dogs. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a reliable comprehensive assessment of rehabilitation measures to expand the use of rehabilitation in treatment protocols for dogs. The animals in the experimental group had a history of neuropathies of various etiologies and underwent a course of physical rehabilitation with an assessment of the functions of the neuromuscular apparatus. Quantitative assessment was carried out using an instrumental electrophysiological research method - stimulation electroneuromyography (ENMG). Qualitative assessment of the indicators of statodynamic functions was assessed by the following indicators: the presence and degree of lameness, goniometric indicators of joints, assessment of gait and static postures, quality of the support function of the limbs, quality of reflex reactions. The study showed a reliable change in electrophysiological indicators in neuropathies of various etiologies and, at the same time, in the functions of the neuromuscular apparatus in dogs. At the same time, an improvement in the indicators of statodynamic functions was noted. Such results indicate the presence of a direct correlation between the improvement of statodynamic clinical parameters and the improvement of electrophysiological parameters recorded during the ENMG study. At the same time, the quantitative digital assessment using electroneuromyography is more reliable than the qualitative assessment of statodynamic function parameters, which largely depends on the subjective view of the assessor.
Comparative analysis of the biochemical composition of rainbow trout blood serum under different feeding diets
Authors: Karpenko L. Yu. , Sidorova N. A. , Polistovskaya P. A. , Bakhta A. A. , Savushkin A. I. , Nikonov I. N.
Published: January 2025

Rational and efficient feeding of aquaculture objects is one of the foundations of production in highly productive fish farming. The aim of the study was to compare the composition of production compound feeds for aquaculture objects and to study the effect of compound feeds on the biochemical parameters of the blood serum of rainbow trout. To achieve the aim of the study, 10 groups of rainbow trout (Parasalmo mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) of the "Rofor" breed) grown in production conditions of cage farms in Karelia were selected. Alanine transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumins, creatinine, urea, glucose, total bilirubin and total cholesterol were determined in the blood serum of the studied individuals. The obtained result has an important practical significance since with excessive intake of carbohydrates these fish develop liver glycogen overload syndrome due to insufficient insulin production. Therefore, the optimal carbohydrate content for them is 20-30%, including 5-6% fiber. In this case, monosaccharides are used better - glucose, fructose, mannose, somewhat worse - disaccharides and starch, and cellulose is broken down only by 10-20% of the consumed. In addition, it is necessary to take into account that trout, as a cold-loving fish, cannot use carbohydrates in the same volume as heat-loving objects of aquaculture, therefore, in order to save protein, which can be used for energy purposes, it is necessary to additionally introduce fats into their diets. However, in the studied compound feeds this component did not meet the GOST standards. The results of the conducted research can be used to optimize the composition of production feed for rainbow trout and to register background ichthyohematological criteria for the quality of keeping highly productive aquaculture species.
Comparative characteristics of methods for treating spontaneous chronic defects of the corneal epithelium in dogs
Authors: Prudnikova E. V. , Stekolnikov A. A.
Published: January 2025

Background: spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED) are common in dogs, they are characterized by superficial erosions and resistant to medications. Purpose: to compare effectiveness of superficial keratectomy and grid keratotomy alone and combinations of each of these techniques with diamond bur for SCCED. Materials and methods: the study included 63 dogs with this pathology, divided in groups: group 1 – treated by superficial keratectomy (n=15), group 2 – by grid keratotomy (n=14), group 3 – by combination of superficial keratectomy and diamond burr debidement (n=19), group 4 - with combination of grid keratotomy and diamond burr debidement (n=15). Results: 14 days after surgery, area of primary defect was completely epithelialized in group 1 - 93.3% of cases, in group 2 - 85.7%, group 3 - 100%, group 4 - 93.3%. New epithelial defects were present in group 1 in 60% of cases, group 2 – 50%, group 3 – 5.2%, group 4 – 6.7%. The time for complete healing of the cornea in group 1 was 19.9±5.3 days, group 2 – 19.4±6.5 days, group 3 – 14.8±3.7 days, in group 4 – 15.5 ±4.4 days. In groups 3 and 4, incidence of new corneal defects was statistically significantly less than in groups 1 and 2, and statistically significant decrease in healing time was found in groups 3 and 4 compared to groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: diamond burr debidement of the entire cornea in combination with superficial keratectomy or grid keratotomy is effective method for treating SCCED and it reduces healing time by an average of 4 days.
Evaluation of the efficacy of microbial strains in vaccines for the prevention of salmonellosis in animals
Authors: Prasolova O. V. , Lenev S. V.
Published: January 2025

Animal salmonellosis is an infectious disease affecting a wide range of productive animals. Vaccination of animals is one of the effective ways to combat salmonellosis and remains in demand in veterinary practice. On the territory of the Russian Federation more than 30 vaccines against salmonellosis in animals are used. Conventionally, means of specific immunoprophylaxis against salmonellosis can be divided into two groups: vaccines against avian salmonellosis and vaccines against salmonellosis of other animal species. Production strains are usually derived from isolates isolated from animals in salmonellosis epizootics in the vaccineproducing countries. Inactivated vaccines against avian salmonellosis, represented by preparations, mainly, of foreign manufacturers are made on the basis of cultures obtained from strains of S. Enteritidis, S.Typhimurium and S.Infantis, which corresponds to the etiological structure of animal and human salmonellosis morbidity. Among the means of immunoprophylaxis of salmonellosis in cattle and pigs, used in the territory of the Russian Federation, there are no preparations of foreign manufacturers, and the etiological structure of the disease in these species of animals for many years remains unchanged. Domestic vaccines are developed on the basis of production strains, reference samples of which are deposited in the relevant state collections, the updated list of which is approved by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation from 06.09.2021 № 2460-r. The majority of vaccines against salmonellosis in animals, excluding birds, used in the territory of the Russian Federation are made on the basis of S. choleraesuis strains. Choleraesuis 370, S. Typhimurium 371 and S. Dublin 373, selected in FGBU "VGNKI", which indicates their sufficient efficiency and epizootic significance at present.
Features of the colostral immunity formation in the newborn calves obtained from the cows with extragenital pathology
Authors: Zhukov M. S. , Parshin P. A. , Vostroilova G. A. , Shaposhnikov I. T. , Brigadirov Yu. N. , Alekhin Yu. N.
Published: January 2025

The objective of our research was to study the features of the colostral immunity formation in the newborns obtained from the cows with different clinical conditions during gestation. The object of the study was Red-Motley cows (n=28) in the third trimester of gestation and the newborn calves obtained from them. Group I – clinically healthy (control, n=8), group II – animals with hepatodystrophy (n=6), group III – animals with a combined course of hepatodystrophy and anemia (n=14). It has been found that in the cows with liver pathology and/or anemia, the colostrum of the first milk yield contains less protein and immunoglobulins by 24.1-25.4% and 11.9-14.2% (P ˂ 0.05), respectively. However, it was noted that in the calves obtained from the cows of group II, the blood serum content of total immunoglobulins after colostrum feeding did not differ from the values of the control group, while in the calves obtained from the cows of group III, the same indicator was lower by 43.0% (P ˂ 0.05). To clarify the reasons for this phenomenon, the Spearman correlation analysis was carried out, which showed that the level of total immunoglobulins in colostrum did not have a significant effect on their amount in the blood serum of calves after colostrum feeding (Rs = 0.40, P ˃ 0.05). In this case, the presence of anemia in calves was of decisive importance (Rs = 0.77, P ˂ 0.05). Thus, the formation of colostral immunity in calves depends not only on the quality of colostrum, but also on the clinical status of the newborn and in particular the presence of a hypoxic and acedotic condition.
The effect of betaine in roosters of the CM 7 line of the "Shift 9" cross in conditions of limited feeding
Authors: Ilyin G. M. , Lunegov A. M. , Slobodyanyuk A. A.
Published: January 2025

The scientific article presents the results of studying the effect of the use of betaine in the form of a feed additive "Betacorm" on productivity, nonspecific resistance and peroxide oxidation in roosters of the CM 7 line of the "Shift 9" cross in conditions of limited feeding. Day-old progenitor chickens were selected and 2 groups (experimental and control) of 20 heads each were formed. The duration of the experiment was 38 days. The experimental group was included in the diet of the additive "Betacorm" of domestic production, containing 32% betaine, in the amount of 2 g / kg of feed from the age of ten days, gradually reducing the rate of daily feed intake. The chickens were raised in vivarium conditions in VIVIP. . On the 38th day of life, under conditions of limited feeding, in the experimental group receiving betaine, there was an increase in body weight by 5.6%, an average daily gain of 5.7%, as well as a decrease in feed conversion by 5.7%. The assessment of nonspecific resistance showed a tendency to improve the morphological composition of blood and an increase in the bactericidal activity of blood granulocytes by 15.3%. The use of betaine in the diet of chickens contributed to a significant decrease in the level of malondialdehyde by 15.5%. In the study of biochemical parameters of blood plasma (Table. 5) the chickens of the experimental group showed a tendency to increase the amount of total protein and albumin by 4.4% and 7.3%, calcium and phosphorus by 2.5% and 16.8%, as well as a decrease in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase by 3.6%. The results obtained indicate the beneficial effect of betaine in the diet on the health of chickens. An improvement in nonspecific resistance, an increase in productive indicators, bactericidal activity of granulocytes and biochemical parameters of blood were found.
SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIA TO ANTIBIOTICS MASTI BLOCK® DC 49, MASTIC-P, MASTERCARD WITH MASTITIS OF DRY COWS
Authors: Engashev S. V. , Novak M. D. , Novak A. I. , Evdokimova O. V. , Engasheva E. S.
Published: January 2025

In the etiology of mastitis, pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis and a number of others are of paramount importance. Frequent unjustified use of antibacterial drugs without prior determination of effectiveness against microorganisms in a particular farm led to the formation of resistant isolates. The aim of the research was to study the sensitivity of bacterial strains isolated from cows with mastitis to the antibacterial drugs MASTIBLOCK® DC 49, MASTICAN-P and MASTIGARD. The research was carried out in a large dairy complex in the Central district of the Russian Federation. The experimental groups included cows with clinical signs (No. 1) and subclinical form (No. 2) of mastitis with positive results of studies using the KENOTEST reagent. Antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial isolates isolated from milk was determined by the cylinder method. In cows with a subclinical and clinically pronounced form of mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium spp., Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacillus spp. (β-hemolytic isolates) were isolated during bacteriological examination. The maximum effectiveness of MASTIBLOCK® DC 49 has been established in the subclinical serous-catarrhal form of mastitis, mainly against Grampositive bacteria. MASTIGARD has a wider range of antimicrobial effects, including on strains producing β-lactamase and inhibiting the action of penicillin antibiotics. The results obtained allow us to recommend the use of the complex antibiotic MASTIBLOCK® DC 49 not only during the dry season, but also during lactation to stop bacterial infection of the breast in cows, while observing the appropriate technology of milking and milk processing.
EFFECT OF FE-C NANOCOMPOSITE ON GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGICAL BLOOD PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Kilyakova Y. V. , Miroshnikova E. P. , Arinzhanov A. E. , Mingazova M. S.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of biological effect of iron nanocomposite on growth and hematological parameters of broiler chickens cross “Arbor Acres”. The research was carried out in the conditions of the Department of Biotechnology of Animal Raw Materials and Aquaculture of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education "Orenburg State University" and the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences". The aim of the research is to evaluate the biological effect of the Fe-C nanocomposite on growth, morphological parameters of the blood of broiler chickens.Experimental groups as a feed additive during the accounting period received iron nanocomposite in dosages: 0.2 ppm, 0.4 ppm and 0.8 ppm. The positive effect of FeC nanocomposite on growth and hematological parameters of young carp when included in the diet was established. The increase in the content and concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes, the number of eosinophils in all experimental groups, neutrophils - in the second and third groups, lymphocytes - in the first group relative to control values, as well as an increase in the number of platelets in the first and third groups. The best result in terms of growth dynamics and hematological parameters was obtained in the experimental group, in which 0.2 ppm iron nanocomposite was additionally added to the main diet.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE AGE OF CHICKENS ON THE RESULTS OF INCUBATION AND FATTENING OF BROILER CHICKENS OF THE ROSS 308 CROSS
Authors: Vasilyeva L. T. , Bychaev A. G. , Vinogradova N. D.
Published: January 2025

Many factors influence the results of incubation and the quality of young animals. One of the most important is the age of the chickens of the parent flock. The effect of chickens aged 35 weeks was studied. and younger, 36-45 weeks and 46 weeks. and the senior of the parent herd of the Ross 308 cross on the results of egg incubation and meat productivity of broilers obtained from chickens of different ages. It was found that the influence of the age of the chickens of the parent flock has a curvilinear relationship with the results of incubation of eggs obtained from them. Hatching, hatchability and fertilization of eggs at the age of a bird from 36 to 45 weeks. the results of incubation of chicken eggs were superior for 35 weeks. and less by 2.01%, 0.91% and 1.27% and eggs obtained from poultry for 46 weeks. and older by 8.45%, 4.42% and 8.80%, respectively. When fattening broiler chickens obtained from chickens of different ages, it was found that despite the more intensive growth of chickens from young birds and the high live weight of broilers at the end of fattening, obtained from chickens older than 46 weeks. The European productivity index for broiler chickens obtained from eggs at the age of 36-45 weeks was 358,6 and exceeded the first by 3,02% and the second by 1,11%. When portioning chicken carcasses– broilers of the Ross 308 cross were the most effective broilers obtained from chickens at the age of 46 weeks. and older. Thus, the influence of the age of the chickens of the parent herd on the results of incubation and meat productivity of broilers obtained from chickens of different ages has been established.
Control of viability and stability of biological properties of the refeence Brucella canis RM 6/66 strain during long-term storage
Authors: Pankova E. V. , Artemeva E. A. , Melnikova L. A. , Mustafina E. N. , Gromova E. A.
Published: January 2025

Brucellosis is a particularly dangerous infectious disease that causes enormous economic damage to livestock farms specializing in the breeding of cattle, sheep and pigs. Preservation of pathogens in a viable state with their original properties over a long period is one of the main tasks of the State collections of microorganisms. The aim of this paper was to study the reference strain Brucella canis RM 6/66, stored for more than 20 years in lyophilized form, determining its viability and investigating its biological properties and taxonomic affiliation. The obtained results are showed that the studied strain, when seeded on nutrient media corresponding to this species of pathogen, is viable. The study of its biological properties, using tests to determine dissociation, showed that the strain was dissociated, due to which a selection and cultivation of colonies according to White-Wilson. The pure culture of the strain of Brucеlla canis RM 6/66 in the R-form was obtained, (colonies are dark purple, with smooth edges and an uneven surface). The use of the RT-PCR identification method using species-specific primers and a TagMan probe showed that the strain B. canis RM 6/66 corresponds to the reference strain presented in international databases at all ten loci.
HOMEOSTASIS OF THE BODY OF GILTS WHEN THE POLYSACCHARIDE CHITOSAN IS ADDED TO THE FEED
Authors: Ziruk I. V. , Kopchekchi M. E. , Frolov V. V. , Kopchekchi K. A.
Published: January 2025

Currently, polysaccharides with various specific properties are used quite often in different industries and spheres of production. The polysaccharide chitosan has proven itself well in modern medicine. Chitosan is a natural polymer, its unique feature is the ability to inhibit viral infections, and it also exhibits the properties of an enterosorbent, a factor regulating the acidity of gastric juice and is able to prevent the development of phage infections in an infected culture of microorganisms. Thus, in the conditions of OOO Agrofirma Rubezh, Pugachev District, Saratov Region, the biological safety and economic feasibility of using the polysaccharide chitosan in the diet of Large White pigs were studied. The article considers the effect of the polysaccharide chitosan on the general homeostasis of the pigs' body. On the basis of the veterinary clinic of the Vavilov University, a comparative analysis was conducted throughout the entire experimental period for the following hematological parameters: erythrocytes, 1012 / l; hematocrit, %; hemoglobin, g/l; leukocytes, 109/l; total protein, g/l; ALT, U/l; AST U/l; creatinine, mmol/l; urea, mmol/l; bilirubin, mmol/ l. In addition to studying changes in morphological and biochemical blood parameters, the work also monitored the growth rates of the control and experimental groups. The data obtained prove that the studied aminopolysaccharide does not have a negative effect on the body of the animals studied, but on the contrary, normalizes the indicators of internal homeostasis and improves the course of metabolic processes in the body of pigs. According to the results of the study, an increase in the level of profitability of animals in the experimental group was established due to a decrease in the cost of feed consumed. Accordingly, this indicates an improvement in the economic performance of the farm.
CANDIDATE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH STALLION SPERM QUALITY
Authors: Shcherbakov Yu. S. , Nikitkina E. V. , Dementieva N. V.
Published: January 2025

The identification of genetic substitutions affecting the malefertility attracts the attention of many researchers. However, in Russia, insufficient attention is currently paid to the study and use of the obtained genetic data related to the quality of animal sperm. As a result of GWAS analysis in 2022, marker single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified and candidate genes GRM8, FSHR, INHA, IMMP1L were proposed. The task was to sequence candidate loci to identify polymorphisms that determine the formation of traits associated with sperm quality for the development of marker selection and genome editing programs. As a result of the study, a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in the GRM8, FSHR, INHA, IMMP1L genes. After the analysis, the effect of the detected SNPs in the GRM8 gene on sperm quality in stallions of various breeds was discovered. Also, based on the obtained SNPs located in the GRM8 gene, a dendrogram was constructed. As a result of the analysis of the obtained dendrogram, the stallion sample was divided into 2 main branches. Stallions of the left branch are superior to stallions of the right in terms of volume, sperm concentration, total motility, stimulation of respiratory activity 2.4 DNF of fresh sperm and after cryopreservation (by 3.28 ml, by 9.62 million/ml, by 3.6%, by 0.16 and 0.46, respectively). However, individuals of the right branch are superior to individuals of the other branch in terms of progressive motility of fresh sperm, progressive motility after thawing (by 18.44% and by 1.54%, respectively). New knowledge was obtained about the genetic polymorphism of exonic regions of the GRM8, FSHR, INHA, IMMP1L genes in stallions of different breeds.