bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Procedure for Classifying Production and Consumption Waste and By‑Products: Problems of Differentiation
Authors: Ilmeneva V. A.
Published: January 2025

The paper is devoted to the problem of waste inclusion in circular economy, resolved within the framework of a closed-loop economy. In the context of the preparation of the draft law «On the construction of a closed-loop economy», ways to resolve the issue of using substances generated during production are being discussed. In light of the circular economy, such substances can be used efficiently. However, by-products are practically impossible to differentiate from production and consumption waste as to the legal regulations, and therefore the goals of maximum use of raw materials and supplies, as well as prevention and reduction of waste generation, are not achieved. The prerequisites that allow the formation of a procedure for classifying a substance as a by-product are found in the explanatory documents of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia. As a result, recommendations are being developed for the formation of legal regulation applicable to all types of by-products, with the support of such a possibility by judicial practice, developing in favor of economic entities.
Civilization Nature of European Legal Culture
Authors: Sinyukov V. N. , Sinyukov S. V.
Published: January 2025

. The paper analyzes the civilizational sources of European legal culture. The relevance of the subject matter can be explained by the complex dynamics of the European cultural tradition that is currently undergoing a transformation. The involvement of various cultural flows in the genesis of the legal essence of Europe complicates the understanding of the modern cultural identity of European law. An important motive for the study was to clarify the place of the Slavic historical tradition of law in the European cultural space. The genesis of the European legal tradition is considered on the basis of the features of the Greco-Roman civilization. The Authors have characterized the features and spiritual (religious) sources of further development of European law, namely: Christianity and Islam. The study also highlights typological legal correlations. It explains the features of the European legal mentality and concludes that a special type of European legal consciousness was formed in the Middle Ages. It combines religious, mental, state-secular and folk elements. The authors draw a conclusion on heterogeneity of the civilizational elements of the European legal culture, the inclusion of various civilizational flows in it — Greco-Roman, Christian (Western and Eastern churches), Muslim and Jewish.

The paper outlines the contours of the split of European legal consciousness in the Middle Ages based on the rupture of the Western and Eastern churches; explains the legal meaning of some elements of doctrinal practice. It provides a civilizational characteristic of the Slavic legal culture, its anti-rationalism and a special type of procedural thinking. It shows the significance of Muslim culture in the development of the European legal tradition; reveals the historical features of the judicial-customary type of European legal civilization. Based on the historical analysis of the formation of the European legal tradition, the authors summarize modern trends in the new integration of European legal identity.
A Genetic Perspective on Ischemic Stroke: Recent Advances and Future Directions
Authors: Chandra Sekar Praveen Kumar , Veerabathiran Ramakrishnan
Published: January 2025

Objective. This narrative review aimed to explore the multifaceted nature of ischemic stroke (IS) and its underlying genetic factors, emphasize the role of genetics in early detection and prevention, and acknowledge the complex influences on stroke prevalence across various countries.
Methods. An extensive overview of the causes, mechanisms, and genetics of IS was conducted by reviewing several studies and recent findings. The role of specific genes in monogenic stroke disorders, implications of polygenic influences, recent advances in genetic evaluation, and methods for early IS detection were synthesized and discussed.
Results. IS was influenced by genetics, underlying medical conditions, and lifestyle. Specific genes, including NOTCH3, HTRA1, COL3A1, and mtDNA, are involved in monogenic stroke syndromes and predominantly affect younger populations. Polygenic disorders, studied using genome-wide association study and sequencing techniques, play a prominent role in susceptibility to IS. Genetic evaluation has become instrumental in risk prediction, influencing clinical practices and potential therapeutic interventions. Early detection methods, such as enhanced imaging techniques and blood biomarkers, are crucial for managing IS outcomes.
Conclusion. Ischemic stroke is a complex disorder with a significant global impact. Understanding its genetic basis promises to improve early detection and effectively establish preventative measures. Although genetic evaluation and innovative detection techniques offer promise, focusing on lifestyle modifications and managing underlying health conditions remains paramount for reducing the incidence and severity of IS. Continuous research and technological advancements are essential for developing personalized medical approaches and improving global healthcare strategies.
Primary Progressive Aphasia: Variants and Main Language Domains
Authors: Akhmadullina Diliara R. , Fedotova Ekaterina Y.
Published: January 2025

Language is one of the higher brain functions and the primary method of communication, so it plays a key role in human social functioning. Primary progressive aphasia, as a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease with a clinical predominance of different speech and language disorders, is a promising model for a more detailed study of topographic distribution of language disorders. This review presents data on different clinical variants of primary progressive aphasia and the corresponding clinical and neuroanatomical correlates that have significantly expanded the modern understanding of the neural network language organization.
Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest): Cultural and Linguistic Adaptation in Russia
Authors: Yusupova Dzhamilya G. , Salina Ekaterina A. , Zaitsev Aleksandr B. , Zimin Aleksey A. , Moskvina Aleksandra O. , Kolokolov Oleg V. , Polekhina Natalia V. , Fedonnikov Aleksandr S. , Suponeva Natalia A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. In clinical practice, a comprehensive assessment of the systems responsible for balance is important both for correct diagnosis and the right choice of therapy. To provide accurate assessment of all the systems involved in balance control, in 2009, F.B. Horak et al. from the Oregon Health and Sciences University developed a universal Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) consisting of 36 tasks. Subsequently, the authors improved this method by selecting 14 tasks that evenly belonged to four of the six sections of the original BESTest, which collectively constituted the Mini-BESTest. The Mini-BESTest is a unique brief assessment tool that is actively used worldwide for the diagnostics and dynamic evaluation of balance in various nervous system disorders. However, the absence of a validated Russian version makes it challenging to use this test in Russia.
The objective of the study is to develop an official Russian version (cultural and linguistic adaptation) of the Mini-BESTest to consider the target language and culture (1st stage of the linguistic validation study).
Materials and methods. The author of the test, F.B. Horak, granted her consent for the linguistic validation of Mini-BESTest in Russia. Forward and backward translations of the test and its materials, pilot testing (cognitive debriefing), and development of the Russian version were carried out with the participation of a linguistic philologist and neurologists specializing in working with patients with balance disorders in various neurological diseases.
Results. Based on the results of the expert committee meeting, a cultural and linguistic adaptation of the test was carried out and the final Russian version presented in this article was approved.
Conclusion. The first developed Russian version of Mini-BESTest is officially presented and recommended for use both in clinical and research practice in Russia and other Russian-speaking countries. The psychometric properties (reproducibility, inter-rater reliability, and sensitivity of the test) of the Russian version are currently being assessed.
MEDICAL SIMULATION: The Vision of Learning in Healthcare
Authors: Sivrikaya G. Ulufer , Gonenli M. Gokhan
Published: January 2025

Simulation-based education, is a relatively new approach, for practice and learning to develop healthcare professionals’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes, with different simulation modalities. This educational strategy is used to achieve adequate command in learning on preselected, programmed real-life or near-real-life clinical scenarios, avoiding undesirable features encountered or confronted in learning with real patients and undue stress to real patients within a safe learning environment.

This editorial aimed to give a general overview of simulation in healthcare education. A brief history, the healthcare simulation concept and challanges of this training modality mentioned in the highlights of relevant references.

Simulation based education has emerged as a transformative approach, significantly enhancing healthcare professionals’ learning experience and clinical competency. The various types of simulations offer a safe and controlled environment for participants to practice and hone technical and non-technical skills, ultimately improving patient safety and clinical outcomes.

The integration of simulation with other training modalities and its adoption in diverse global contexts highlight its potential to revolutionize medical education worldwide.
Efficacy of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors in Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Antiphospholipid Syndrome Nephropathy
Authors: Torun Ege
Published: January 2025

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a potentially devastating clinical condition that is usually associated with recurrent arterial or venous thrombotic events and/or pregnancy morbidity. This condition can also affect the kidneys. APS nephropathy (APSN) is an increasingly recognized and studied renal small vessel vasculopathy that is characterized by non-inflammatory occlusion of renal blood vessels. Renin angiotensin aldosterone blockers and anticoagulants are frequently used to treat APS nephropathy. In 2014, the study by Canaud et al, demonstrated the interaction of antiphospholipid antibodies with endothelial cells through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and the relationship between activation of mTOR complex and proliferation of endothelial cells, suggesting a possible mechanism for the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in APSN. This study provided a new possible pathogenetic mechanism and a new possible therapeutic avenue for APSN. This review aims to to cover the increasing number of animal studies, in vitro studies and clinical studies on the role of mTOR pathyway in APS and the available clinical data on the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in APSN.
Role of Pharmacokinetic/ Pharmacodynamic Modeling and Translational Approaches in Glioblastoma
Authors: Jani Khushboo
Published: January 2025

Pharmacokinetic- Pharmacodynamic modeling plays a crucial role in accelerating the transition from preclinical studies to clinical trials in glioblastoma by providing valuable insights into the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of therapeutic agents. Pharmacokinetic- Pharmacodynamic models can optimize dosing regimens by predicting drug concentrations in tumor tissue over time. By combining pharmacokinetic data (such as drug clearance and half-life) with pharmacodynamic data (such as tumor growth inhibition), these models identify the most effective dosing schedules to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity. One of the approaches with gefitinib in a preclinical tumor model showed that similar therapeutic effects were achieved despite different dosing strategies. Researchers developed a pharmacokinetic- pharmacodynamic model to personalize temozolomide treatment, significantly reducing tumor size and toxicity compared to standard protocols. Overall, precision dosing in oncology is appealing due to its potential to enhance clinical effectiveness and cost-efficiency, requiring collaboration among academia, healthcare, and industry for broader adoption. Pharmacokinetic- Pharmacodynamic models predict clinical responses by quantitatively linking drug exposure to pharmacological effects, estimating therapeutic success by analyzing the relationship between drug concentration and tumor response. In oncology, tumor size is a key biomarker for clinical outcomes, and models of tumor size progression help understand drug effectiveness and predict long-term outcomes. Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) models have been crucial for forecasting clinical trial outcomes and translating preclinical data into clinical insights. Pharmacokinetic- Pharmacodynamic modeling helps identify and validate biomarkers related to glioblastoma treatment by linking biomarker changes with drug exposure, thereby revealing drug action mechanisms and potential prognostic markers. Biomarkers are essential in drug discovery for developing pharmacokinetic- pharmacodynamic models, enhancing model confidence, and supporting translational research. Integrating biomarkers into pharmacokinetic- pharmacodynamic models improves understanding of drug efficacy, with the FDA supporting this approach to reduce drug attrition rates. Pharmacokinetic- Pharmacodynamic models facilitate translating preclinical findings into clinically relevant insights, guiding clinical trial design, dose selection, and patient criteria by extrapolating preclinical data to human populations. Researchers highlighted that glioblastomas' heterogeneity can cause variable drug distribution and responses, which standard analyses might miss, and developed a model to address this variability, integrating tumor pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to predict drug efficacy.
A Personalized Medicine Approach is Best for Patients with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Morales Ana , Jamison Allison , Hegele Robert , Hemphill Linda , Gidding Samuel
Published: January 2025

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is an autosomal semi-dominant condition characterized by biallelic pathogenic variants impacting low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) function. Affected individuals have severely elevated LDL cholesterol, early onset atherosclerotic heart disease and/or aortic stenosis, and characteristic clinical findings. While the cause is known and diagnosis is relatively simple, real-world HoFH care presents many complexities, including genetic heterogeneity and the diverse personal and social circumstances that influence care. Genetics-informed treatment involves a trial- and-error approach that warrants specific considerations during pregnancy. Thus, HoFH care requires a deep understanding of personal factors, social determinants of health, and a flexible, adaptable approach to treatment, all of which justify the need for personalized care. Framed by complexity theory, this review offers strategies for personalizing HoFH care, including a reconceptualization of the definition of health and implementing a multidisciplinary team approach. We also recommend integrating complexity theory and systems thinking into clinical care. By doing so, we illustrate the advantages of classifying knowledge complexity to inform clinical decision-making. We also demonstrate how openness to relationship-building and time investment is critical to materializing personalized care to HoFH.
Enhancing Outcome Prediction for Pancreatic Cancer Following Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Through MRI Radiomics Analysis
Authors: Marasco Jacob , Lei Yu , Bhandari Ashok , Wille Garett , Kolomaya Alex , Rhodd Charlene , Yu Fang , Zhou Sumin , Lin Chi , Wang Shuo
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer is an extremely aggressive and deadly cancer with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Our study aims to establish an MRI radiomics-based model to predict survival for borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients who have received radiation therapy.

Methods: 71 borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer patients (42 Male, 29 Female) were retrospectively selected for radiomics analysis with a median age of 63 years. The gross tumor of each patient was delineated on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI images. Radiomics features were extracted using PyRadiomics and feature stability of the radiomics features was assessed under MRI intensity normalization and bin width variation. The 71 patients were randomly split into a training set (54 patients) and a testing set (17 patients). Using the training set, we trained three risk stratification models (clinical-only, radiomics-only, and a composite) through a penalized Cox model, which simultaneously established the predictive model and selects important features by incorporating L1 and/or L2 penalties to the Cox Proportional Hazards model. We also built a Random Forest classifier using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) with the same set features selected in the penalized cox model to predict the 1-year survival of these pancreatic cancer patients.

Results: Out of 924 extracted features, we identified 133 (14.4%) stable features with ICC > 0.75, against both intensity normalization and bin width variations. Survival models based on clinical endpoints alone, radiomics features alone, and a combination showed that including radiomics features can significantly improve survival prediction. Using the same number of features to construct survival models for clinical only, radiomics only, and a combination of clinical and radiomics features, we find that we are able to accurately distinguish low and high-risk groups and generate survival curves for the test group with a concordance index of 0.615, 0.654, and 0.716, respectively. The Random Forest classifier predicted the 1-year survival accuracies of 0.529, 0.824, and 0.765 for the clinical-only model, radiomics-only model, and the composite model, respectively.Conclusions: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics is promising in predicting the mortality of pancreatic cancer following SBRT and improving survival prediction capabilities. Intensity normalization is an essential preprocessing step to exclude unstable and/or redundant imaging features.
Anthropometric Profiles of the Female Spanish Professional Football League First Division
Authors: D. Mariscal , L. Fernández , F. Garcia
Published: January 2025

Background: Anthropometric profiles can contribute to the understanding of a soccer player's fitness.

Aims: The aim of this study was to establish the anthropometric characteristics and their relationship with the demarcation of Spanish female first division players in the Women's Professional Football League.

Methods: Thirty-eight Spanish First Division female football players (24.1±4.206) years of age, height (165.545±6.059 cm) and weight (60.038±5.17), according the International Society for Advancement in Kinanthropometry, Body weight, Height, Arm and leg circumferences, Skinfold thicknesses were performed three times by an expert in kinanthropometry techniques (accredited level 2) in accordance with ISAK recommendations. Body composition was calculated according to the indications of the Spanish Group of Kinanthropometry. All analyses were performed using R with R commander.

Results: Regarding height, goalkeepers were the tallest (p>0.0301). The height of the defenders was greater than that of the forwards (p>0.0303). The thigh crease of the defenders was greater than that of the forwards (p>0.0134). The biileocrestal diameter was greater in midfielders than in forwards (p>0.0463). The muscle percentage of female forwards was higher than that of female defenders (p>0.0304).

Conclusion: In conclusion, our study of female soccer players showed some significant differences in height, thigh crease and biileocrestal diameter between the different demarcations that may favor the playing role with which they are associated.
Maternal Health Literacy and Empowerment in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Carbone Elena , Smith Sandra , Laar Amos , Akparibo Robert
Published: January 2025

Background: Global health scholars argue that efforts to improve maternal health literacy and empowerment can produce greater, more sustainable benefits than simple information-giving or health education. Further, efforts might differentially impact disadvantaged mothers and thereby reduce inequities. There is a substantial body of literature on improving maternal-child health, but relatively little on maternal health literacy. While empowerment and health literacy are closely related, they have rarely been addressed together.

Aims: This scoping review aims to: 1) examine the extent, range and nature of research related to maternal health literacy and empowerment; and 2) assess the potential value of a global systematic review. Specifically, this scoping review summarizes and synthesizes U.S. researchers' reports about improving maternal health literacy and empowerment among women who are pregnant or raising infants/toddlers in poverty.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Google Scholar for primary sources addressing maternal health literacy in relation to health empowerment. Multiple keyword combinations captured sources throughout the medical and public health literature.

Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Interventions were set in maternal-child health promotion programs (n=6) or prenatal care (n=1). Qualitative studies (n=5) elucidated mothers' perceived health risks, decision networks, and experiences with prenatal care, immunizations, and technology. Overall, findings indicate that with support, mothers can learn interactive (social) and critical (thinking) skills that enable them to better manage their health and the health of their families, even if they have low functional literacy skills.

Conclusion: U.S. research related to maternal health literacy and empowerment is limited and not empirically robust. Due to measurement and definitional variation, a global systematic review is unlikely to allow comparison of intervention designs and evaluation. However, analysis of global findings from community-based participatory research, health education initiatives, and qualitative studies may aid identification and understanding of barriers, facilitators, and meaningful indicators of maternal health literacy and empowerment within and across cultures.
Conductive hearing loss – “Need to think out of the box”
Authors: K Dr Hitha , K P Dr Sunil , Sapna Dr Nambiar
Published: January 2025

Background: Conductive hearing loss in children is usually acquired. However congenital causes: ranging from deformities of external and middle ear to isolated malformations of the ossicular chain are noted. The incidence of congenital middle ear anomalies is 0.28 per 1,00,000 persons. The diagnosis and management are both not only challenging but demanding with respect to surgical expertise, to ensure optimum outcome in terms of hearing and thereby improved quality of life.

Case report: Our patient a 7-year-old boy was referred with complaints of decreased hearing noticed for the past 2years. The clinical examination was normal except for left preauricular sinus and skin tag. Audiological evaluation showed bilateral moderately severe conductive hearing loss with ‘Ad’ type tympanogram on left side. HRCT temporal bone showed agenesis of right stapes and dysplastic left stapes. Exploratory tympanotomy on left side under general anaesthesia revealed a deformed incus with only an arch of bone in the area of stapes and the facial nerve coursing through the arch. The intra-operative identification of the congenital anomaly was followed by appropriate ossicular reconstruction with aim to restore hearing and avoid facial palsy. A fenestra was created anterior to the arch and Teflon piston placed from malleus (Malleovestibulopexy). The post operative hearing improvement was beneficial to the patient with an air-bone gap closure to 15dB on pure tone audiometry.

Conclusion: Congenital anomalies of middle ear are relatively rare. Early identification of anomalies and anatomical variants, through proper preoperative evaluation along with imaging techniques is necessary to initiate appropriate treatment ensuring improved quality of life.
Evaluation of Job Satisfaction and Quality of Life Among Employees of a University Hospital During the Pandemic
Authors: Çolak İbrahim , Önder Yalçın , Çolak Nuriye
Published: January 2025

Objective: The pandemic has significantly impacted healthcare workers' job satisfaction and overall quality of life due to increased workloads, heightened stress, and extended working hours. This study aims to assess the job satisfaction and quality of life levels of healthcare workers at a university hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 317 healthcare workers at Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Hospital between October 2021 and January 2022. Job satisfaction was assessed using the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale, while the WHOQOL-Bref scale was employed to measure quality of life. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results: The average internal, external, and overall job satisfaction scores were 3.42±0.65, 2.98±0.70, and 3.25±0.63, respectively. Quality of life scores for the sub-dimensions were as follows: general health 59.14±17.93, physical health 70.0±16.90, psychological health 66.0±15.07, social relationships 65.64±14.64, and environmental health 58.36±10.7. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between job satisfaction and quality of life (p<0.001). Factors associated with higher job satisfaction and quality of life included being married, having children, having a higher education level, and voluntarily choosing their profession.

Conclusion: Job satisfaction and quality of life levels among hospital staff were moderate during the pandemic. These findings highlight the need for policies that enhance job satisfaction and quality of life among healthcare workers, particularly during crises such as pandemics. Continuous and effective strategies are essential to ensure healthcare worker retention and to maintain efficient healthcare services.
Machine learning as a clinical decision support tool for diagnosing superficial peritoneal endometriosis in women with dysmenorrhea and acyclic pelvic pain
Authors: Santos Letícia , Azevedo Mateus , Shimamura Lia , Nogueira Antonio , Reis Francisco , Schor Eduardo , Silva Julio , Tiezzi Daniel , Poli-Neto Omero
Published: January 2025

Background: Superficial peritoneal endometriosis, despite being the most common type of lesion, presents the greatest challenge for non-invasive diagnosis, resulting in the majority being recognised surgically.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of machine learning in predicting superficial peritoneal endometriosis in women with chronic dysmenorrhoea and pelvic pain without abnormal ultrasound findings.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Subjects: 298 women with severe dysmenorrhea and persistent acyclic pelvic pain after at least 6 months of hormonal treatment who underwent laparoscopy, with imaging examinations showing no significant abnormal findings.

Exposure: Data collected included clinical history, physical examination previously to the laparoscopy.

Main Outcome Measures: Augmented backward elimination was used as a procedure to obtain a baseline interpretable binomial logistic model. The performance of various machine learning models, including Random Forest, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Extremely Randomised Trees, Categorical Boosting, Adaptive Boosting, Support Vector, Multilayer Perceptron, Naive Bayes, Voting, and Stacking ensemble meta-classifiers, in predicting superficial peritoneal endometriosis. Feature importance was assessed using Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) values. Results: The presence of irregular menstrual cycle, irritable bowel syndrome, bladder pain syndrome, abdominal trigger point, and pelvic floor tenderness were independently associated with the diagnosis of superficial peritoneal endometriosis. SHAP values indicated that a history of pelvic inflammatory disease also suggested endometriosis. The soft voting classifier, which includes Extreme Gradient Boosting and Naive Bayes algorithms, demonstrated the highest recall (79.3%), while the Support Vector classifier achieved the best specificity (74.2%).

Conclusion: Irregular menstrual cycles, irritable bowel syndrome, bladder pain syndrome, abdominal trigger points, and pelvic floor tenderness are independent factors linked with intraoperative findings of superficial peritoneal endometriosis. Additional variables, such as a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, may further enhance preoperative diagnostic accuracy. Machine learning approaches show promise in predicting the disease through pre-operative clinical data in this population. This predictive capability can support personalised patient counselling and surgical decision-making.
Phytochemical screening and biological evaluation activity of hibiscus mutabilis leaves extract
Authors: Rajhans Shivani , Kumar Parveen
Published: January 2025

Hibiscus Mutabilis is reported for bioactive constituent. A quantitative assessment of antimicrobial activities was carried out by determining the minimum inhibitory and microbicidal concentrations (MICs and MMCs) of the various solvent extracts like 70% ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate against some selected bacteria such as two Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas. On treating the extract of Hibiscus Mutabilis flower leave with different pH it was found that antimicrobial activity was increasing on increasing pH. From our study, we can conclude that ethanol extract has more prevailing and sustainable antibiotic properties than other solvents extrac. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Hibiscus Mutabilis showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and saponins in the crude drug. Medicinal plants pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals. Broad variety of compounds found in treats both chronic and infectious disorders. Both industrialized and developing countries, fungus infections mortality. This is caused by immunocompromised people living longer lives, using immunosuppressive drugs, and taking antibiotics for a long period of time. The emergence of antifungal resistance in micro-organisms has major consequences for infection control. These antifungal drugs also target cells in mammals, which may cause toxicity or undesirable medication interactions. Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication treats superficial and deep-seated infections. It results in low efficacy, toxicity, nausea, abdominal pain, and itching in immunocompromised patients. As a result, the development of innovative antifungal is critical. Several species of plant phytochemistry has revealed that phytochemicals may be a more effective source of therapy than synthetically generated drugs. Since the beginning of utilized for medicinal purposes. For ages, traditional remedies based used. As a result, one method for discovering antimicrobial compounds has been to evaluate plant extracts. Individuals and communities benefit greatly from medicinal plants. This significance stems from their chemical composition, they perform a certain physiological. Bioactive materials like flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, and alkaloids, which are some of the more significant ones. Flavonoids have hepatoprotective, antithrombotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anticarcinogenic properties. Alkaloids offer numerous advantageous advantages, including anti-hypertensive and anti-tumor properties. Caffeine, quinine, nicotine, artemisinin, cholchicine, and amblyopia are all alkaloid-based medications. Corilagin and geraniin are tannins that have anti-human immunodeficiency syndrome action by blocking reverse transcriptase. In immunocompromised people, pathogen caused by fungi is the serious cause of illness and mortality.
The hidden powers of calotropis gigantea: Exploring its medicinal, toxic, and ecological dimensions
Authors: Wagh Prathmesh , Handge Kavita , Kurhade Sneha , Wagh Shraddha , Bhoir Vivek , Dhokale Kiran
Published: January 2025

Plants are used by peoples for the basis for medical treatments from ancient time and are still in routinely used as traditional medicine in practiced today. There are a huge number of plants having ultimate pharmacological action. In modernization and advancement in research new drug entities came into and play a role in management of any disorder and ailments. The modern allopathic medicine having serious complication at therapeutic dose. Traditional herbal medicines play a significant role in management and treatment of diseases and are getting noteworthy attention in worldwide health debates. Traditional systems of medicine persistently in practiced in many countries around the globe. There is a lot of reason that the people used herbal based medicine. Population augments, inadequate supply of drugs, cost of the treatment, and complicated reaction with the synthetic drugs and weakens of immunity system for infectious diseases have accent on the use of plant based medicines for the treatment of various ailments. There is large hierarchy of medicinal plant, calotropis gigantea having tremendous and ultimate pharmacological profile and used from ancient time in the treatment of various diseases.
The impact of interest rate strategies implemented by the central bank of the republic of Türkiye on the liquidity risk within the banking sector: An exploration using a nonlinear boundary test method
Authors: Sezal Levent
Published: January 2025

This study analyses the effects of changes in the CBRT's policy interest rate on the liquidity adequacy ratio of the Turkish banking sector. In order to determine the relationships between variables, Lee and Strazicich unit root tests, which also take into account structural breaks, are applied. Accordingly, the asymmetric effect of the policy interest rates of the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye on the Turkish banking sector liquidity adequacy ratio is analysed with the Nonlinear Lag Distributed Autoregressive Model (NARDL). The ‘Toda-Yamamoto’ method, in the form of binary analysis, tests the direction of causality to determine if there is a causal relationship between the variables. According to the NARDL test results, no cointegration relationship was found between the CBRT policy interest rates and the Turkish banking sector. Conversely, the results of the causality test reveal a unidirectional causal relationship between policy interest rates and the liquidity adequacy ratio. As a result, the management of liquidity-related risks by banks is critical for the continuity of the bank's operations. A change in the policy rate directly affects banks' funding and funding ratios through money market rates, which in turn affects the emergence of liquidity-related risks in the short and long term. Proper management of liquidity-related risks could potentially lead to bank liquidation.
Natural language processing: The current state of the art and challenges
Authors: Taye Mohammad Mustafa , Abulail Rawan , Al-Ifan Belal , Alsuhimat Fadi
Published: January 2025

The use of deep learning techniques in natural language processing (NLP) is examined thoroughly in this study with particular attention to tasks where deep learning has been shown to perform very effectively. The primary strategies explored are phrase embedding, function extraction, and textual content cleaning.  These are all essential for sorting textual content statistics and files. It appears in important gear like software programs, hardware and extensively used libraries and cutting-edge programs for deep learning in NLP. In NLP, deep learning is turning into a chief fashion, changing many areas and making large modifications in many fields. This paper stresses how deep analyzing techniques have a good-sized-ranging effect and how vital they may be for shifting the world in advance. This paper also discusses how deep learning may assist in solving modern issues and handling challenging and stressful situations in NLP research. Since those methods are getting more popular, it indicates that they're top at handling many NLP responsibilities. The final part of the evaluation talks about the most current makes use of, developing traits and long-term troubles in NLP. It helps practitioners and lecturers determine and use the capabilities of deep learning in the dynamic field of natural language processing with its applicable facts and examples.
One health approach on zoonotic helicobacter pylori in animals and man
Authors: Eissa Nourhan , Mohamed Maha A , Shahban Rahma S , Badrkhan Salma M , Mohamed Jana F , Elsayed Somaya A , Harb Ola H
Published: January 2025

Zoonotic disease-causing microbes are those naturally spread from animals to people, either directly or indirectly, with a serious hazard on the public health. Emerging zoonoses are mostly caused by travel, animal transhumance, population increase, and migration from rural to urban regions. Regarding the principal transmission route of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), one of the most global prevalent anthroponotic illnesses, not a lot of information is currently known. In the 20th century, H. pylori contribute to individuals stomach problems and cancer. Subsequently, an extensive amount of study has been conducted on the epidemiology of this intestinal infection, revealing that the likelihood of illness varies throughout individuals. This is a concise overview of the several epidemiological factors connected to zoonotic H. pylori infection. There are notable differences in the epidemiology of H. pylori in human and animal populations between developing and developed nations. Moreover, a multiplicity of consistent lines of evidence suggests that demographic data, different individual habits, socioeconomic position and living conditions are the main risk factors influencing the acquisition rate of H. pylori pathogen. These results are troubling since they are expected to change global demography and increase the number of people susceptible to H. pylori and its emergence. To reduce the danger to public health and the associated economic effects, stakeholders in the H. pylori management plan need to start merging technological, social, political, policy, and regulatory problems and working together. An active mitigation program offers the chance to address global health concerns and halt the development of zoonoses.
Assessing grain yield of quality protein maize under low soil nitrogen through associated agronomic traits
Authors: Oloyede-Kamiyo Qudrah Olaitan , Akinwale Richard Olutayo , Adewumi Adedotun Daniel , Oladipo Mayowa Segun , Akintunde Adewole Taiwo , Ojo Abigail Oluremi
Published: January 2025

The study was conducted to improve a quality protein maize (QPM) population, ART/98/ILE 1-OB, for tolerance to low soil nitrogen, and to investigate the agronomic characters that are linked to grain yield of QPM in low soil nitrogen environments. S1 lines were selected in the maize population at cycle one (C1) in a recurrent selection programme, for evaluation to move to cycle 2 (C2). Data were collected on agronomic traits, stay-green ability (SGR) and grain yield (GY) and analysed using SAS. SGR rating at 8 weeks after planting (8WAP) was moderate under low nitrogen (3.09). GY was slightly higher under low nitrogen (LN) (2.19 tons/ha) than under high nitrogen (HN) condition (1.98 tons/ha). There were notable negative phenotypic and genotypic correlations between grain yield (GY) and traits such as days to 50% anthesis and silking, stay green rating (SGR), ear aspect (EA), and plant aspect (PA). In contrast, positive correlations were observed with plant height (PH) and number of ears per plant (EPP). In stepwise regression, EPP emerged as the most significant character  under LN (R2 = 45%), with EA, SGR at 8WAP (SGR8), and PH following closely. EPP showed the highest positive direct effect on grain yield, followed by SGR8. EA had the highest negative direct effect. PC1 alone, which was mostly linked to PH, accounted for 96.5% of the overall variation. These findings underscore the importance of EPP, EA, SGR8 and PH as selection criteria in enhancing QPM productivity under LN conditions.
Effects of participation intensity on agricultural commercialization level among sweet potato farmers in Kwara and Osun States, Nigeria
Authors: Oyebamiji Isaac Ttunde , Togun Oladele Michael , Adedoyin Elisa Aderonke , Agbana Olugbenga , Shittu Moshod Bola , Kolawole Juliet Yemisi
Published: January 2025

This study examined the effects of participation intensity on agricultural commercialization of sweet potatoes in Kwara and Osun States, Nigeria. Sweet potato is particularly a suitable food security crop as it produces a high yield in a short growing season even under low rainfall. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 485 sweet potato farmers. An interview guide was used to obtain primary data, which were analysed using descriptive and double hurdle Craggit regression models. The results revealed that majority of the respondents were male (86% and 87.6%) in both Kwara and Osun states, while the mean ages were 42 and 43 years, respectively. The results further showed that sweet potato intensity of participation in commercialization was significantly determined by gender, quantity consumed, and transaction cost of the crop in Kwara State (p<0.1, p<0.01, and p<0.05), respectively. However, for Osun state, it was significantly determined by age, gender, education, quantity consumed, and cooperative membership (p<0.1, p<0.1, p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.01), respectively. The study concluded that agricultural commercialization level of sweet potato was directly influenced by many factors in the study areas. It is therefore recommended that farmers should be assisted in lowering their transaction costs, particularly in terms of transportation costs. Cooperative membership performance should be enhanced positively for farmers through seminars, symposiums, and training.
Influence of varieties and growing seasons on the distribution of Botryodiplodia theobromae causing fruit rot disease of coconut
Authors: Ekhorutomwen Osayomore Endurance , Chidi Nnamdi Ifechukwude , Owoh Ekaete Mary , Shittu Olalekan Hakeem
Published: January 2025

This study examines an intensive field survey on the fruit rot disease of coconut that was conducted between April 2021 and March 2023 to observe the distribution of Botryodiplodia theobromae causing the coconut fruit rot disease across varieties and growing seasons in 2 major coconut-growing areas in Ovia North-East Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an important economic crop. Its production is affected by several factors; among them, diseases play a major role. The fruit rot disease of coconut is a disease frequently encountered by coconut farmers. Fruit rot disease incidence was recorded daily from coconut fields cultivated with four different coconut varieties. The study examined a total of 8764 coconut fruits from 32 coconut palms. The causal agent of fruit rot was isolated from the internal tissues of infected fruits using the direct plating technique in potato dextrose agar. The causal agent of the disease was identified as B. theobromae. The study found that the relative distribution of B. theobromae in the study area significantly explained the proportion of the disease distribution in coconut varieties across the growing seasons. The study reveals a high level of variability in the percentage of disease incidence (PDI) between coconut varieties and fruit rot. The distribution and/or relative abundance of B. theobromae causing the fruit rot disease of coconut is influenced by coconut varieties and growing seasons in the two coconut-growing areas examined in the study.
Efficacy of lactic acid and acetic acid against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and klebsiella sp.
Authors: Sajjad Zarreen , Sajjad Fatima , Khan Muhammad Fayaz , Manzoor Shumaila , Eidnawaz  , Abubakar Muhammad
Published: January 2025

In the phase of emerging antibiotic resistance, the efficacy of organic acids including lactic acid and acetic acid proved worth applicable. The rational use of antibiotics has always been challenging. The overuse and under-use of antimicrobials provokes the development of resistance, through which multidrug Resistant (MDR) strains have emerged. In this experiment we trialed MDR strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia. coli and Klebsiella sp. recovered from clinical cases of mastitis through broth dilution method followed by disc diffusion technique to demonstrate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) for lactic and acetic acids. For lactic acid the MIC for Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella sp. was 0.78µl, 0.39µl and 0.39µl respectively at the 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) was ranging from 18mm±1 to 20mm±1 in diameter. However, the acetic acid MIC of 0.78µl was found equally effective against all test bacterial spp. with ZOI of 18mm±1 to 19mm±1 in diameter. Moreover, the MBC for lactic acid was 1.56ul against Staphylococcus, 0.78ul for E. coli and Klebsiella spp. exhibiting the ZOI ranging from 20mm±1 to 22mm ±1 in diameter. Acetic acid revealed the MBC of 1.56ul against all test bacterial spp. having ZOI ranging from 19mm±1 to 22mm±1 in diameter.
Assessment of residue levels and health risk of carbofuran, chlorpyriphos, abamectin, imidacloprid, and pretilachlor in locally available fruits in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Md Mayin Uddin , Ahmed Shakib , Sultan Md Zakir
Published: January 2025

The study addresses pesticide contamination in local fruits as a critical food safety and public health issue. Although pesticides are essential in farming, high fruit residue levels are significant risks to consumer health. This study aims to evaluate pesticide residues in various fruit samples and assess their compliance with safety standards. A total of 15 different fruit samples were collected from the temporary floating market in Dhaka for residue analysis by standard(pesticide) in HPLC. This analysis focused on measuring the concentrations of prominent pesticides in the fruit samples, including carbofuran, chlorpyriphos, abamectin, imidacloprid, and pretilachlor, and followed Codex Alimentarius and Bangladesh Food and Drugs Authority guidelines. The findings revealed significant pesticide residues in various fruits. Oranges contained 20% carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, and abamectin, exceeding allowable limits. Apples showed 60% carbofuran and 40% chlorpyrifos concentrations, exceeding the maximum permissible residue limits (MRLs) set by Codex Alimentarius. Grapes were also found to contain significant levels of carbofuran, posing potential health risks, although the chlorpyrifos residues in black grapes were within permitted thresholds. However, most fruit samples exceeded the limits set by the Bangladesh Food and Drugs Authority. Furthermore, the Estimated Average Daily Intake (EADIs) for all fruits exceeded the recommended limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). While few fruit samples meet standards, results show that some exceed allowable MRLs and call for stronger regulations, better monitoring in the market, and cooperation among policymakers, producers, and health regulating agencies to balance safety, health, and sustainable farming.