bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gerald Keown: Personal reflections, our connections
Authors: Drinkard Joel F.
Published: February 2024

The article chronicles the 45 years of connection between the author and Gerald Keown. The connection was four-fold: beginning as PhD students together at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (SBTS), followed by 14 years as colleagues on the faculty of SBTS, then working as colleagues in archeological excavation in Jordan, and finally (and the longest) as colleagues on the editorial board of Review & Expositor.
The “Hierarchy” of Truths in a New Context
Authors: Clifford Catherine E.
Published: February 2024

This article revisits the debate leading to the inclusion of the notion of a “hierarchy” of truths in the Second Vatican Council’s Decree on Ecumenism to show that it not only concerns the presentation of Catholic doctrine in ecumenical dialogue but that it extends to all of Catholic teaching and practice and ought to serve as a guiding principle in the assessment of ecumenical agreements. Further, it argues that the soteriological criterion or horizon for properly weighing the truths of faith has yet to be fully received. The recent recognition of consensus on the basic truths relating to the doctrine of God’s saving grace between Lutheran, Anglican, Methodist, Reformed, and Catholic Communions represented by the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification has brought us into a new context, one that invites a more intentional application of this principle for the mutual recognition of shared faith.
Future Space Tourists’ Motivations, Constraints, and Negotiation Strategies: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Slaney Chris , Lee SoJung , Busser James
Published: February 2024

Space tourists’ decision-making would be far more complicated than general tourism, but limited research has investigated the process. This research explored potential space tourists’ decision-making process, grounded in the constraint–effects–mitigation (CEM) model. Through in-depth interviews with 10 individuals who experienced extensive space tourism activities, the grounded theory approach revealed four underlying themes of motivations, constraints, negotiation, and future intention along with nine macro themes, identifying relevant tourism-based theories (e.g., leisure constraints, push-pull motivation). Negotiation was further found to be a complicated process, including appraisal, involvement, and strategies. Furthermore, future intentions ranged from abstract to concrete, as depicted by construal level theory. Lastly, an extended CEM model was developed with a compelling description of the decision-making process, theoretically enhancing the ability to explain each variable in detail. Space tourism companies are suggested to consider the key attributes and their relationships in developing marketing strategies and training programs.
Foreign Interference and the Incremental Chilling of Free Speech
Authors: Sorial Sarah , Morris Shireen , Greste Peter
Published: February 2024

Foreign interference is a growing threat to all liberal democracies, including Australia. To respond to this growing threat, the Department of Home Affairs has developed a complex ‘Counter-Foreign Interference Strategy’ (CFIS). At the heart of the strategy lies a suite of interlocking and overlapping legislation, including the Foreign Influence Transparency Scheme Act 2018 (FITS Act), the National Security Legislation Amendment (Espionage and Foreign Interference) Act 2018 and the Electoral Legislation Amendment (Electoral Funding and Disclosure Reform) Act 2018 (Electoral Funding Act). The aim of this paper is to explain and clarify the legislation and the free speech burdens it imposes, and determine whether the laws are suitably targeted at foreign interference without unduly limiting legitimate communication activity. We argue that the current criminal law regime is ineffective in addressing the problem because foreign interference is a complex and pervasive phenomenon taking many different forms — from espionage on university campuses to anonymous and targeted social media campaigns. The legislative scheme is not properly tailored to tackle foreign interference as it actually occurs.
Epigenetic karst in carbonate buried hills and its influence on reservoir development: A case study of the Carboniferous Weixi’nan Sag, Beibuwan Basin, China
Authors: Wang Yonghui , Gao Xianzhi , Zhang Youhao , Song Yan , Wang Hongmei , Qu Futao
Published: February 2024

Karst is widely researched in the field of carbonate reservoirs. This study proposes a new formation mechanism and development model, specifically epigenetic karst, and asserts that high-quality reservoirs can be developed in the karst highlands and karst slopes of ancient landforms under the epigenetic karst with facies-controlled characteristics. The results indicate that there are three stages of karst in the study area. The first period is syngenetic karst, characterized by molds, intragranular dissolution pores, and micritization. Isotopic data reveal that the range of variation of carbonate rock 13C and 18O is similar to that of cement. The second period is epigenetic karst, the most significant karst in the study area. It undergoes a prolonged development time and features non-selective fabric dissolution. Oxygen and carbon isotopes exhibit negative values (18O ranges from −10.033‰ to −13.767‰ and 13C ranges from −2.56‰ to −0.52‰), which are significantly altered by atmospheric precipitation. The third period is buried karst, characterized by suture structure and asphaltene filling. The negative value of 18O in calcite veins is significantly <−15‰. The dissolved pores and caves formed by the epigenetic karst become the primary reservoir space for oil and gas in carbonate rocks. These exhibit facies-control characteristics, indicating that bioclastic limestone karst is well-developed and micritic limestone karst is underdeveloped. The study establishes a development model for karst reservoirs in the study area, selecting the highlands and slopes of ancient landforms as favorable exploration sites.
Pandemic Portals and Radical Imaginations: Employing Critical Arts-Based Pedagogies Toward Racial Justice with Secondary Preservice English Teachers
Authors: Toliver S. R.
Published: February 2024

Background:

In the wake of COVID-19 and protests against racial violence, scholars of education, alongside educational organizations, called for innovative responses to address racial injustice, but one solution was consistently mentioned across educational spaces: the need for educators to reimagine education in a postpandemic/endemic world. And yet, even though the importance of (re)imagination in deterring educational issues was greatly emphasized in academia and popular culture, scholarship detailing ways to activate teachers’ imaginations was limited.

Purpose:

Considering the role of imagination and creativity in the fight for racial justice, the purpose of this article is to examine how arts-based pedagogies in the teacher education classroom might provide space for preservice teachers to cultivate their imaginative proclivities toward racial justice.

Research Design:

To engage in this analysis, the author employs a thematic analytic process undergirded by the concept of activist art pedagogy and supported by a conceptual framework that bridges abolitionist teaching and the Archaeology of Self. The combination of the framework and analytic method was used to analyze visual artifacts and meta-reflections created by preservice teachers who constructed multiple aesthetic responses to class readings.

Conclusions or Recommendations:

Findings suggest that critical arts-based inquiries helped preservice teachers to personally connect to and question the historical roots of racial justice. Further, findings indicate that arts-based inquiries can engage preservice teachers’ creative proclivities toward a reimagination of their roles and responsibilities as racial justice–informed teachers.
Longitudinal changes in body composition, physiological characteristics, and motor performance of Paralympic goalball athletes
Authors: Esatbeyoglu Ferhat , Ekinci Yunus Emre , Köse Mehmet Gören , Hazır Tahir , Kin-İşler Ayşe , Haegele Justin A
Published: February 2024

Research has yet to explore the long-term influences of physical fitness parameters on goalball and how COVID-19 affected athletes’ training program. This study evaluated the longitudinal changes in body composition (BC), postural balance (PB), maximal isometric grip force (MIGF), vertical jump (countermovement (CJ), squat jump (SJ), and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) in seven male Paralympic goalball athletes preparing for the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics. Six measurements were performed three times ([first] pre-lock down: January 2020, [second] post-lock down: September 2020, and [third] final follow-up: June 2021) on a variable-by-variable basis. Post hoc tests showed a significant improvement in BC at the third time point compared to the first and second time points. Concomitantly, PB and MIGF were significantly improved at the third time point compared to the first and second time points, respectively. A significant decline was observed in CJ and SJ heights at the second time point compared to the first time point whereas SJ height increased at the third time point compared to the second time point. No change was observed in CJ height at the third time point versus the second time point. There was a dramatic reduction in VO2peak at the second time point compared to the first time point. No change was observed in VO2peak occurred at the third time point versus pre and post lock down. Even with the disruption in the annual training plan due to COVID-19 pandemic, our participants maintained physical fitness levels with home-based exercises.
The role of radio, television and mobile phones in disseminating information on occurrences of wildfire in Uluguru Mountains Nature Reserve – Morogoro Tanzania
Authors: Mabula D. M. , Wema Evans F.
Published: February 2024

This study sought to determine the contribution of radio, television and mobile phones used by local communities in disseminating and accessing information about wildfire hazards in the Uluguru Mountains Nature Reserve and assessed the extent of their usage in disseminating wildfire information. It also aimed at identifying barriers to their use in reporting wildfire incidences in the Uluguru Mountains and determined the available wildfire reduction strategies which can be improved by use of other types of ICTs. A descriptive survey method and purposive and conveniently sampling techniques were employed to select a sample of 15 key informants and 90 villagers from the three villages that were purposively selected. Questionnaires, focus group discussions, interview with key informants and participants observations were used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The finding show that the community living around Uluguru Mountains Nature Reserve own Radio and mobile phones although few of them owned televisions. Very few respondents reported wildfire incidence using their mobile phone, while the majority used their mobile phone for other social-economic activities. However, internet based AFIS Meraka system and handheld GPS were the most common technologies used to disseminate wildfire information. In general radio, mobile phones and televisions are not fully beneficial to the local communities. Based on the results, it was recommended that the role of modern ICTs in detecting and disseminating wildfire be encouraged among the authorities.
CNS resident macrophages enhance dysfunctional angiogenesis and circulating monocytes infiltration in brain arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Ma Li , Zhu Xiaonan , Tang Chaoliang , Pan Peipei , Yadav Alka , Liang Rich , Press Kelly , Nelson Jeffrey , Su Hua
Published: February 2024

Myeloid immune cells are abundant in both ruptured and unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). The role of central nervous system (CNS) resident and circulating monocyte-derived macrophages in bAVM pathogenesis has not been fully understood. We hypothesize that CNS resident macrophages enhance bAVM development and hemorrhage. RNA sequencing using cultured endothelial cells (ECs) and mouse bAVM samples revealed that downregulation of two bAVM causative genes, activin-like kinase 1 (ALK1) or endoglin, increased inflammation and innate immune signaling. To understand the role of CNS resident macrophages in bAVM development and hemorrhage, we administrated a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor to bAVM mice with brain focal Alk1 deletion. Transient depletion of CNS resident macrophages at an early stage of bAVM development mitigated the phenotype severity of bAVM, including a prolonged inhibition of angiogenesis, dysplastic vasculature formation, and infiltration of CNS resident and circulating monocyte-derived macrophages during bAVM development. Transient depletion of CNS resident macrophages increased EC tight junction protein expression, reduced the number of dysplasia vessels and severe hemorrhage in established bAVMs. Thus, EC AVM causative gene mutation can activate CNS resident macrophages promoting bAVM progression. CNS resident macrophage could be a therapeutic target to mitigate the development and severity of bAVMs.
When Firms Continue Doing Business in Aggressor Nations: A Refined Moral Decoupling Perspective on Consumer Response
Authors: Deuchert Ina-Linda , Böhm Rebekka , Meyer Caroline , Orth Ulrich R.
Published: February 2024

Russia's invasion of Ukraine prompted many Western companies to pull out of the aggressor country. This study examines why and when consumers purchase from companies that choose to sustain operations in Russia. This study advances a refined moral decoupling model where effects of transgression relevance on purchase intention are channeled not only through judgments of performance and morality, but additionally through judgment of social responsibility. Results of an empirical study with four German companies and a sample of German consumers indicate that the relevance of a company's transgression influences consumer purchase intention through judgments of social responsibility and morality. This remains stable regardless of individual differences in moral decoupling. However, judgments of performance mediate a transgression's effects on purchase intention only with individuals who are less prone to decoupling. Effects of a company's perceived social responsibility on purchase intention are weaker with the politically more liberal than with the more conservative, whereas effects of morality are enhanced by a more liberal political orientation and the strength of a person's moral identity. These findings aid researchers and practitioners by advancing a refined moral decoupling framework that has greater relevance in the context of political conflict and war.
Attitude Towards Dreams: Associated Factors
Authors: Schredl Michael , Marin-Dragu Silvia , Subramani Iyer Ravishankar , Meier Sandra
Published: February 2024

Representative surveys indicated that the attitude towards dreams varies greatly: some participants agreed to statements like “Dreams are random nonsense” but others expressed more positive attitudes that dreams might be beneficial. The present online study (N = 1,507 participants) elicited attitude towards dreams, personality (Big Five factors), current psychopathology, and COVID19-related worries. As expected, the present study showed that openness to experiences, but also current psychopathology and worries were associated with more positive attitudes towards dreams. This might indicate that persons with problems might turn to dreams, as they might be beneficial with coping those problems. Longitudinal studies might validate the idea that experiencing beneficial effects of dreams, for example, within a therapeutic setting, might affect the attitude towards dreams in a positive way. And, if persons with problems turn to dreams, it would be very helpful to include the tool of working with dreams in current psychotherapy practice.
Use of complex notation for solving vibrations equations
Authors: Gürgöze Metin , Altınkaynak Atakan
Published: February 2024

Complex numbers and complex functions are frequently utilized in solving equations of motion in free and harmonic responses of vibration systems. However, certain fundamental details are sometimes overlooked and many books and articles may present differential equations with inconsistencies, which can confuse meticulous readers. This confusion often arises because one side of the equations is in real form, while the other side is expressed in complex form. To address this issue, the present article offers examples from literature to highlight the perplexing situation and provides a didactic methodology, aimed at enhancing clarity and ensuring that readers are left with a thorough understanding of the subject matter.
Procedural Justice in Their Eyes: A Qualitative Interview Study Among Detainees
Authors: van Hall Matthias , van der Laan Peter H. , Nieuwbeerta Paul , Dirkzwager Anja J. E.
Published: February 2024

The literature on procedural justice has been mainly focused on examining whether a fair and respectful treatment affects justice-involved individuals’ legitimacy evaluations and their behavior. It is, however, equally important to examine (a) the role that perceptions of procedural justice play for individuals in their encounters with criminal justice authorities and (b) what makes individuals feel treated procedurally (un-)just. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 detainees in a Dutch prison, asking questions about their encounters with police officers, prison staff, judges, and probation officers. The findings showed that the majority of detainees raised issues of procedural justice, indicating that procedural justice plays an important role for them. In addition, five elements primarily shaped detainees’ perceptions of procedural justice: (1) trustworthy motives, (2) interpersonal treatment, (3) neutrality, (4) participation, and (5) agency and process information. These elements of procedural justice were mentioned after encounters with most authorities.
Evaluating the Effectiveness and Transferability of a Data-Driven Two-Region Perimeter Control Method Using Microsimulation
Authors: Zhou Dongqin , Gayah Vikash V.
Published: February 2024

Regional perimeter control based on the existence of macroscopic fundamental diagrams has been widely studied as an effective tool to regulate traffic and prevent oversaturation in dense urban areas. Significant research efforts have been performed concerning the modeling aspects of perimeter control. More recently, data-driven techniques for perimeter control have shown remarkable promise; however, few studies have examined the transferability of these techniques. While it is surely of the highest priority to devise effective perimeter control methods, the ability of such methods to transfer the learned knowledge and quickly adapt control policies to a new setting is critical, particularly in real-life situations where training a method from scratch is intractable. This work seeks to bridge this research gap by comprehensively examining the effectiveness and transferability of a reinforcement-learning-based perimeter control method for a two-region urban network in a microsimulation setting. The results suggest: 1) the presented data-driven method demonstrates promising control effectiveness in comparison with no perimeter control and an extended greedy controller and 2) the method can readily transfer its learned knowledge and adapt its control policy with newly collected data to simulation settings with different traffic demands, driving behaviors, or both.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Speed Cameras on Philadelphia’s Roosevelt Boulevard
Authors: Guerra Erick , Puchalsky Christopher , Kovalova Nata , Hu Yihong , Si Qi , Tan Jiamin , Zhao Gillian
Published: February 2024

This paper employs Bayesian negative binomial and Poisson models to examine the effectiveness of speed cameras at reducing crashes, injuries, and fatalities on and immediately around Roosevelt Boulevard, a particularly dangerous urban arterial in Philadelphia, PA. Camera installation also coincided with rapidly changing traffic safety outcomes throughout the summer after COVID-19 lockdowns and protests against police violence. To find the most appropriate control segments for our analysis, we use k-means clustering to identify the five most similar roadways. Compared with these roadways and other geographic controls, the treated sections of Roosevelt Boulevard experienced decreased crashes, injuries, and fatalities after camera installation. These decreases are on the high end of what is found in the academic literature on speed cameras. The findings for total crashes, traffic injuries, fatalities, and pedestrian injuries are statistically different from zero with a high degree of confidence. Differences in pedestrian fatalities are statistically different from zero with 90% confidence. Based on our findings, we recommend that the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and City of Philadelphia extend and expand the automated speed enforcement pilot. Estimates of the economic benefits of reduced crashes substantially exceed the total fines paid by violators. Despite this positive safety effect, additional treatments will be required to make Roosevelt Boulevard substantially safer. The roadway still accounts for around 8% of all traffic fatalities in Philadelphia.
Optimal timing of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination prior to cardiovascular surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Hayashi Ryosuke , Takami Yoshiyuki , Fujigaki Hidetsugu , Amano Kentaro , Akita Kiyotoshi , Yamana Koji , Maekawa Atsuo , Saito Kuniaki , Takagi Yasushi
Published: February 2024

Background:

mRNA vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became common. We investigated the optimal timing for inoculation against SARS-COV-2 in the candidates for cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Methods:

In 100 patients with preoperative vaccination, who underwent CPB surgery between July 2021 and February 2022, the IgG against the receptor binding domain (RBD-IgG), with a threshold of >100 binding antibody unit (BAU)/mL for adequate immunity, was measured.

Results:

The vaccines, including 87 BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) and 13 mRNA-1273 (Moderna), were inoculated at 98.8 ± 59.4 days before surgery. The median RBD-IgG titers before surgery, 1 day after surgery, and 1 month after surgery were 166.8, 100.0, and 84.0 BAU/mL, respectively. The standby interval (SBI) from the vaccination to the surgery showed a significantly negative correlations with the RBD-IgG titer before the surgery ( p < 0.001). A cut-off SBI for RBD-IgG >100 BAU/mL before surgery was <81 days with a sensitivity of 76%, specificity of 62%, and area under ROC value of 0.73 ( p = 0.03). The patients with SBI <81 days ( n = 48) had significantly higher RBD-IgG (>100 BAU/mL) than those with SBI ⩾81 days ( n = 52) at all perioperative periods.

Conclusions:

Although 40% of the RBD-IgG titers reduce 1 day after CPB surgery, the patients who received the SARS-COV-2 vaccination within an 81-day window prior to the surgery maintained a desirable RBD-IgG level, even up to 1 month after surgery. It may be important to schedule the surgery no later than 81 days after the vaccination.
Patient Perceptions of Microbiome-Based Therapies as Novel Treatments for Mood Disorders: A Mixed Methods Study: Perceptions des patients sur les thérapies basées sur le microbiome pour les troubles de l’humeur : une étude à méthodes mixtes
Authors: Moinul Dina , Hao Chenhui , Dimitropoulos Gina , Taylor Valerie H.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Medications are critical for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Unfortunately, 30% to 40% of individuals do not respond well to current pharmacotherapy. Given the compelling growing body of research on the gut-brain axis, this study aims to assess patient perspectives regarding microbiome-based therapies (MBT) such as probiotics, prebiotics, dietary changes, or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the management of MDD and BD.

Methods

This single-centred observational study used quantitative and qualitative assessments to examine patient perceptions of MBT. Participants diagnosed with MDD or BD completed an anonymous questionnaire obtaining demographics, prior medication history, and symptom burden. Self-assessment questionnaires specific to each diagnosis were also used: Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR), Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale (ASRM), and General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7). A logistic regression model analysed the association of MBT acceptance with disorder type, QIDS-SR, and GAD-7 scores. A bootstrap method assessed the proportion of MBT acceptance. The qualitative assessment consisted of 30-minute interviews to elicit perceptions and attitudes towards MBT.

Results

The qualitative assessment achieved information power with n = 20. Results from the 63-item MBT questionnaire ( n = 43) showed probiotics (37.2%) as the top choice, followed by FMT (32.6%), dietary change (25.6%), and prebiotics (4.6%). A majority of participants (72.1%) expressed willingness to try MBT for their mood disorder, however, logistic regression analysis did not identify statistically significant predictors for MBT acceptance among disorder type, QIDS-SR, and GAD-7.

Conclusion

There is an increased focus on the gut microbiota's role in mood disorders’ etiology and treatment. Promising research and patient interest underscore the necessity for exploring and educating on patient perspectives and the factors influencing attitudes towards MBT.
Risk Factors Associated with Intensive Care Admission in Children with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) in Latin America: A Multicenter Observational Study of the REKAMLATINA Network
Authors: Fernández-Sarmiento Jaime , Acevedo Lorena , Niño-Serna Laura Fernanda , Boza Raquel , García-Silva Jimena , Yock-Corrales Adriana , Yamazaki-Nakashimada Marco A , Faugier-Fuentes Enrique , del Águila Olguita , Camacho-Moreno German , Estripeaut Dora , Gutiérrez Iván F , Luciani Kathia , Espada Graciela , Álvarez-Olmos Martha I , Pérez-Camacho Paola , Duarte-Passos Saulo , Cervi Maria C , Cantillano Edwin M , Llamas-Guillén Beatriz A , Saltigeral-Simental Patricia , Criales Javier , Chacon-Cruz Enrique , García-Domínguez Miguel , Aguilar Karla L Borjas , Jarovsky Daniel , Ivankovich-Escoto Gabriela , Tremoulet Adriana H , Ulloa-Gutierrez Rolando ,   The REKAMLATINA-3 Study Group Investigators 32
Published: February 2024

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 varies widely in its presentation and severity, with low mortality in high-income countries. In this study in 16 Latin American countries, we sought to characterize patients with MIS-C in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) compared with those hospitalized on the general wards and analyze the factors associated with severity, outcomes, and treatment received. Study Design: An observational ambispective cohort study was conducted including children 1 month to 18 years old in 84 hospitals from the REKAMLATINA network from January 2020 to June 2022. Results: A total of 1239 children with MIS-C were included. The median age was 6.5 years (IQR 2.5-10.1). Eighty-four percent (1043/1239) were previously healthy. Forty-eight percent (590/1239) were admitted to the PICU. These patients had more myocardial dysfunction (20% vs 4%; P < 0.01) with no difference in the frequency of coronary abnormalities ( P = 0.77) when compared to general ward subjects. Of the children in the PICU, 83.4% (494/589) required vasoactive drugs, and 43.4% (256/589) invasive mechanical ventilation, due to respiratory failure and pneumonia (57% vs 32%; P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, the factors associated with the need for PICU transfer were age over 6 years (aOR 1.76 95% CI 1.25-2.49), shock (aOR 7.06 95% CI 5.14-9.80), seizures (aOR 2.44 95% CI 1.14-5.36), thrombocytopenia (aOR 2.43 95% CI 1.77-3.34), elevated C-reactive protein (aOR 1.89 95% CI 1.29-2.79), and chest x-ray abnormalities (aOR 2.29 95% CI 1.67-3.13). The overall mortality was 4.8%. Conclusions: Children with MIS-C who have the highest risk of being admitted to a PICU in Latin American countries are those over age six, with shock, seizures, a more robust inflammatory response, and chest x-ray abnormalities. The mortality rate is five times greater when compared with high-income countries, despite a high proportion of patients receiving adequate treatment.
Burnout and Perceived Workload Among Behavioral Health Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Importance of Supervisory, Leadership, and Organizational Support
Authors: Burgess Jennifer , Kim Hyungjin Myra , Porath Brittany R. , Zivin Kara
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To assess the relationship between behavioral health provider (BHP) perceptions of support during COVID-19 and burnout and self-reported workload.

Design

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of provider-level data collected from the 2020 and 2021 All Employee Survey (AES).

Setting

The Veterans Health Administration.

Subjects

36,541 (10,332 [28.28%] with missing data) respondents in 2020 and 2021 combined.

Measures

Main outcomes were self-reported burnout and self-reported workload. Main predictors were 6 COVID-19-related provider-perceived support domains. Covariates were 11 AES demographic predictors.

Analysis

We conducted mixed-effects logistic regression modeling for each domain and outcome pairing. We summarized our results using average marginal effects (AMEs) and odds ratios (ORs).

Results

All 6 domains of feeling prepared, heard, protected, cared for, honored, and having flexible policies were significantly negatively associated with burnout (AMEs −.20 to −.10, ORs .38-.63, P < .001) and positively associated with reasonable workload (AMEs .11-.20, ORs 1.63-2.59, P < .001). Feeling prepared had the largest associations with burnout (OR .38) and reasonable workload (OR 2.59).

Conclusion

Creating a work environment with flexible policies and where staff feel prepared, heard, protected, cared for, and honored could support BHPs in feeling less burned out and that their workload is reasonable.
MSGAFN: Multi-scale graph attention fusion network for machine fault diagnosis
Authors: Ni Peihao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xiong Xiaoyun , Wang Jinlong , Ji Aiguo , Dong Liangcheng
Published: February 2024

Fault diagnosis is essential in various fields, such as industrial manufacturing and engineering maintenance. Graph neural networks that take graph data as input can explore the relationships between data, which has strong feature expression capabilities. Currently, traditional fault diagnostic methods based on graph neural networks (GNN) are challenging to capture local and global feature information of data effectively. Most GNN models fail to consider the inherent differences between adjacent nodes, and they perform poorly in processing vibration signals in real-world industrial scenarios that commonly have strong noise. To resolve these concerns, this paper proposes a method for fault diagnosis based on a multi-scale graph attention fusion network (MSGAFN). In MSGAFN, data samples are constructed as clan graphs with multiple information scales to effectively represent local and global information of the graph structure data. Additionally, MSGAFN designed a new multi-scale feature fusion layer (MSFFL) to automatically learn the weights of adjacent nodes to represent their importance to the central node and reflect the differences between different adjacent nodes. This method is fully validated on bearing and gear datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent performance under conditions of imbalanced datasets and strong noise, providing a promising approach for bearings and gears fault diagnosis in real-world industrial scenarios with strong noise.
Meshing equation, tooth contact analysis, stress analysis and manufacture of a point-contact gear formed by double-arc milling cutter
Authors: Xiao Xiaoping , Chen Zhen , Chen Yangzhi , Shao Yanjie , Zheng Maoxi
Published: February 2024

The processing and design of point-contact gears have attracted the interest of many scholars. The point-contact gears are usually processed by specialized machines (face-milling and face-hobbing) or five-axes machines (forming milling). In this paper, a new type of point-contact gear formed by double-arc milling cutter on four-axes machine is proposed. Firstly, the meshing equation is proposed to obtain a pair of processing traces that satisfy the law of gearing, and the processing traces are also contact traces. Considering the important role of traces in obtaining the proposed gear, this gear is called as TG. Then, six pairs of contact traces for parallel-axes, crossing-axes, and skewing-axes TGs are solved. Furthermore, the tooth surface models are studied and the obtained models are used for tooth contact analysis and stress analysis, and then the instantaneous contact areas, the contact stresses, and transmission errors are obtained, respectively. Lastly, the TG pair with cross-axes is processed, and then, the measurement and rolling experiments are conducted. The obtained results indicate the meshing equation, tooth surface models, and milling method are feasible. The proposed milling method provides a new way for flexible and diversified manufacturing of point-contact gears.
The MMI-HCPS method: Integrating perception-decision-control capabilities of multiple mine inspectors
Authors: Meng Hao , Xie Jiacheng , Wang Xuewen , Liu Shuguang
Published: February 2024

Due to the complex mining environment, the development of equipment intelligence has stagnated, with challenges in the application of key technologies. Additionally, underground inspectors exhibit a lower level of intelligence in monitoring, decision-making, and control aspects. This paper proposes an MMI-HCPS (Multiple Mine Inspectors- Human-Cyber-Physical System) method that integrates the perception, decision, and control capabilities of multiple mine inspectors. Firstly, it reviews the current status of equipment intelligentization in fully mechanized mining faces to highlight the necessity of equipment intelligentization. Secondly, the paper establishes the theoretical framework MMI-HCPS and further refines the overall structure of the entire document based on MMI-HCPS, composed of high-performance multi-site and multi-device communication network (MCN), intelligent inference system (IIS), inspection-human-system (IHS), and center-human-system (CHS). MCN forms the foundation for the overall architecture to operate smoothly, while IIS, IHS, and CHS constitute the core components driving the operation of MMI-HCPS. Both IIS and CHS have their own monitoring and control subsystems, and their decision subsystems are in a loop with IIS, achieving closed-loop inference. Finally, a utilizing the laboratory environment, separate tests were conducted on the network operation status of MCN, monitoring and control capabilities of IHS and CHS, experimental validation of decision-making abilities of multiple inspectors, and ultimately, an experiment was undertaken to assess the overall inspection process. The results indicate that promoting the intelligence of inspectors in the fully mechanized mining face from an intelligent perspective is feasible with this method. The method achieves a shared perception of the fully mechanized mining face among different inspectors, complementing each other’s strengths and weaknesses, enhancing information processing efficiency, and improving individual work efficiency. Furthermore, the method enables an interactive loop between human, computers, and the physical mining face, providing support for further intelligent development of mining equipment.
A study of surface fatigue wear and influence of contaminated lubricant in journal bearing system using tribological and vibration analyses
Authors: Sateesh Kumar Perumalla , Amarnath Muniyappa , Kamarapu Santosh Kumar , Varatharajan Gunasegaran , Chelladurai H. , Vardhaman BS Ajay , Ramkumar Janakarajan
Published: February 2024

In the present work, journal bearing performance was evaluated using condition monitoring processes namely wear debris, vibration signal, lubricant oil degradation and temperature analyses. The journal bearing system was operated at 800 rpm and 200 N constant speed and load over a period of 1200 h. The lubricant oil samples were collected for every 300 h of test duration for oil degradation and wear particle analyses by using Fourier transform infrared radiation (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) techniques, respectively. FTIR results provided specific chemical bonds and functional groups contained in the degraded oil. The vibration signals were acquired for every 100 h of operation, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) frequency spectrum technique was employed for vibration signal analysis. The friction coefficient and specific wear rate parameters were considered to evaluate the tribological performance of the journal-bearing system. Statistical parameters, namely root-mean-square and kurtosis, were evaluated. Wear mechanisms such as abrasive, adhesive and surface fatigue wear were observed on the journal-bearing contact surfaces using a USB optical microscope. The scoring on the bearing element confirmed the fault development and resulted in an increase in vibration amplitudes. Higher mass loss in the bearing material was observed due to high friction and wear rates owing to its being a softer material than that of the journal material. The results obtained from the aforementioned parameter assessment techniques provided a reliable information on the defects which appeared on journal-bearing contact surfaces.
Modal and response characteristics of rotor with angle misalignment fault based on cross-coordinate system substructure modeling method
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhao Diwen , Wang Zhi , Ai Yanting
Published: February 2024

Finite element models are widely used in dynamic analysis of misalignment rotor, but present finite element rotor models cannot simulate the axis characteristics of angle misalignment rotor, which consistent with the one with no misalignment. For achieving the precisely modeling of angle misalignment rotor, a novel modeling method called cross-coordinate substructure modeling method is introduced to establish the model of misalignment rotor, in which different parts of rotor rotate around different axis. Based on this modeling method, the 3D solid models of angle misalignment rotor are established with the help of ANSYS, and the modal characteristics and critical speeds of the misalignment rotor are achieved through modal analysis and harmonic response analysis. The numerical simulation based on Newmark method and experiment tests is carried out to obtain the response characteristics of the rotor model under the combined action of unbalanced force and misalignment load. The results show that the modal “rotation of rotor” appears, and the more amounts of response peaks can be aroused in harmonic response analysis when the rotor occurs angle misalignment. The typical fault characteristics of angle misalignment rotor in the spectrums and orbit diagrams are generally consistent both in the numerical simulation and experiment test. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for simulation and identification of the misalignment fault in rotating machinery system.
The comparison between various methods of mandibular reconstruction based on finite element analysis
Authors: Parvan Mehdi , Khaghaninejad Mohammad Saleh , Karimi Mohammad Taghi
Published: February 2024

The Mandible can be damaged by pathological factors, tumors, trauma, infection, and needs a surgical operation for reconstruction and restoring function. There are different methods for the reconstruction of mandible. Based on the surgical approach, primary reconstruction of mandible by reconstruction plate after resection is necessary for maintaining mandibular symmetric and esthetic of the lower third of the face. A finite element model of mandible and masticatory muscles was produced from a normal person (male with 35-year-old). The normal model was resected from the left sixth tooth to the second tooth. The pathological model was reconstructed in different conditions by macro plate. Different conditions were analyzed and compared based on bite force on right fifth tooth, stress developed on screws and macro plate. The finite element analysis results showed that maximum bite force and lower stress on screws were seen in the pathological model (condition 5) when one macro plate and six screws were inserted in the mid-body. The findings showed that the use of two macro plates causes lower stress on it than when we use one. Use of one macro plate and six screws is the best choice in mandibular immobilization which decrease the stress applied on bone and increase the bite force. Because of less stress developed on macro plates and screws, use of two macro plates or one macro plate in mid-body area are also preferred.
Towards theorizing from the Arab non-periphery: Hyphenated identities and the boundless security field
Authors: Elgamal Asmaa
Published: February 2024

Across the Middle East, military professionals, private militias, and other security actors often play a central role in the management of urban planning, public administration, and other state affairs. However, security studies scholarship offers few theoretical tools for understanding this deep and overt inter-twinement of security and governance, framing it as an outcome of authoritarian practices of coup-proofing or a symptom of ‘weak’ states. This article analyzes spatial planning and land management practices in Egypt and Lebanon to propose two concepts, ‘hyphenated identities’ and the ‘boundless security field’, as alternative theoretical tools for thinking about security. I argue that security logics are deeply enmeshed with the identity of the nation, its histories of conflict, and its experiences of state formation, creating a security field that is boundless and non-discrete. Within this field are a set of ‘hyphenated identities’, or categories of actors who perform dual roles as managers of security and managers of other governance matters. The influence of these actors on governance practices illustrates the extent to which security logics can be imbedded in the structures of the state and its modus operandi, thereby reinforcing the boundlessness of the security field.
Registers of security: The concept of tryghed in Danish politics
Authors: Elbek Laust Lund , Starke Peter
Published: February 2024

On the face of it, existing theoretical and empirical work on the politics of (in)security takes language and speech acts seriously, yet often actually fails to problematize how the very meaning of ‘security’ and related terms can differ across social, political, and linguistic contexts. This article demonstrates the consequences of context-specific registers of security for the dynamics of political debate and policymaking. Such registers of security combine the local meanings and specific emotional connotations of security terms. In this article, we focus on the role of the term tryghed in Danish politics, especially its use by the Danish Social Democratic Party since 2019. Ostensibly just another word for ‘security’, we argue that, in contrast to sikkerhed (security/safety), tryghed evokes a very different emotional register, centered around warmth, motherliness, and the home. Based on official documents, speeches, and interviews with key politicians, the article shows how this rhetoric allowed the Danish government to put forth a policy mix of welfare expansion, immigration restrictions, and tough law-and-order policies, often effectively targeting male immigrant youths. Tryghed has been the term that binds these different elements together, supporting both welfare nostalgia and insider bias. While this formula has led to electoral success, the article also discusses its inherent limitations. The case highlights the blind spots of a certain Anglocentrism in security studies.
Zohra Begum Kazi: Pioneering Bengali female doctor and nationalist representation
Authors: Rahman Md Anisur , Rahaman Md Shafiqur
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to elucidate a comprehensive biographical account of Zohra Begum Kazi, the pioneering Bengali female doctor in Bangladesh. Her professional journey commenced during the British colonial time, achieved prominence during the era of Pakistan, and ultimately reached the pinnacle of her life's accomplishments in the independent Bangladesh. Despite her distinguished medical career, her life was significantly shaped by sundry historical discourses, endowing her with the attributes of a philanthropist, a revolutionist, and a nationalist. This study seeks to assess her multifaceted contributions in three distinct dimensions: firstly, her role as a medical doctor; secondly, her engagement in the nationalist movement, and thirdly, her intellectual influence as a moral and social philosopher. Through this multifaceted analysis, we aim to consign her within the annals of Bangladesh's national history as the leading Bengali female doctor.
Uphill struggle: collective bargaining for the self-employed in Poland
Authors: Pisarczyk Łukasz
Published: February 2024

Poland, which has one of the highest shares of self-employment and civil law contracts in total employment in the European Union, provides an instructive example of a labour law reform that extended the personal scope of collective bargaining. Since 1 January 2019, the right to collective bargaining has been extended to all workers in paid employment. The first effects of the reform have however been disappointing. Collective agreements concluded since the new law came into force hardly ever cover non-employees. These results are rooted both in social partners’ attitudes and strategies and in the existing legal framework. Employers keen on reducing labour costs are reluctant to enter into collective bargaining with self-employed workers, while trade unions have not adopted a comprehensive strategy for representing non-employees. At the same time, the law scarcely fosters and encourages social dialogue; in some areas it can even be an obstacle to developing collective bargaining for workers.
Retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens from pet rabbits in Hong Kong, 2019–2022
Authors: Xin Chen , Hill Fraser , Elsohaby Ibrahim
Published: February 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to human and animal health. Data are limited on the prevalence of resistant bacteria in pet rabbits. Therefore, we aimed to identify prevalent bacterial infections and AMR profiles among pet rabbits in Hong Kong (HK). Our search of the CityU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VDL) database found 301 cases of pet rabbits submitted for bacteriologic and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by veterinarians at 20 exotic veterinary clinics across HK between 2019 and 2022. The rabbits were of 8 different breeds and had a median age of 6.5 y, with 54.8% males, 40.2% females, and 5% unspecified. Of the 301 samples received, 168 (55.8%) had positive bacterial growth; 125 (74.4%) had single bacterial isolates, and 43 (25.6%) had mixed cultures. Cultures included Enterococcus faecalis (21.3%) as the most frequently isolated gram-positive bacterium, followed by Streptococcus intermedius (12.5%), and Staphylococcus aureus (11.3%). The most frequently isolated gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.1%), followed by Escherichia coli (8.3%), Pasteurella multocida (6.9%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.2%). Approximately 83% of the isolates had acquired resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, and 49.4% were multidrug-resistant. The isolated bacteria had high levels of resistance to penicillin (69.8%), clindamycin (47.4%), and doxycycline (46.9%). Our findings highlight the high levels of AMR in bacteria isolated from pet rabbit clinical samples in HK; many of these bacteria are zoonotic and pose a public health threat.