bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Two Nonsurgical Treatments to Reduce Oral Health Disparities From Untreated Tooth Decay in Older Adults: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Nelson Suchitra , Albert Jeffrey M , Milgrom Peter
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

The majority of dental caries lesions in older adults are at the gumline, at the edges of failed fillings and crowns, and in the surfaces of roots after gum recession. These lesions are difficult to restore with conventional surgical treatments using a dental drill and restorations often fail. Clinical guidelines are general and apply treatments that were designed for younger individuals in the dental care of older adults.

OBJECTIVE

This study will compare the effectiveness of 2 evidence-based nonsurgical strategies to manage dental caries lesions in adults aged 62 or older: (1) biannual topical application of silver diamine fluoride versus (2) atraumatic restorative treatment + biannual fluoride varnish.

METHODS

A cluster randomized clinical trial is being conducted in 22 publicly subsidized and other low-income housing facilities/sites (Arm 1: 11 sites, 275 participants; Arm 2: 11 sites, 275 participants). At baseline, participants will be screened for caries lesions. Those with nonurgent lesions will be treated according to the treatment arm to which the housing site was randomly assigned. The primary outcomes are caries lesion arrest, tooth sensitivity, and tooth pain at 52 weeks after treatment. Analytic methods for the primary aim include a generalized estimating equation approach to determine noninferiority of silver diamine fluoride relative to atraumatic restorative treatment + fluoride varnish treatment.

RESULTS

The trial was funded in April 2019. Enrollment began in September 2019 and results are expected in June 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will inform the standard of care for treating caries lesions in older adults. If effective, either of these interventions has broad applicability in clinical and community-based settings.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03916926; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03916926

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/17840
Systematic Design and Evaluation of Drug Repurposing-Oriented Alzheimer’s Disease Ontology (Preprint)
Authors: Li Fang , Amith Muhammad "Tuan" , Xiong Grace , Du Jingcheng , Xiang Yang , Rao Guozheng , Pham Huy Anh , Tao Cui
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease, of which the pathophysiology is insufficiently understood, and the curative drugs are long-awaited to be developed. Computational drug repurposing introduces a promising complementary strategy of drug discovery, which benefits from an accelerated development process and decreased failure rate. However, generating new hypotheses in AD drug repurposing requires multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary data integration and connection, posing a great challenge in the era of big data. By integrating data with computable semantics, ontologies could infer unknown relationships through automated reasoning and fulfill an essential role in supporting computational drug repurposing.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to systematically design a robust Drug Repurposing-Oriented Alzheimer’s Disease Ontology (DROADO), which could model fundamental elements and their relationships involved in AD drug repurposing and integrate their up-to-date research advance comprehensively.

METHODS

We devised a core knowledge model of computational AD drug repurposing, based on both pre-genomic and post-genomic research paradigms. The model centered on the possible AD pathophysiology and abstracted the essential elements and their relationships. We adopted a hybrid strategy to populate the ontology (classes and properties), including importing from well-curated databases, extracting from high-quality papers and reusing the existing ontologies. We also leveraged n-ary relations and nanopublication graphs to enrich the object relations, making the knowledge stored in the ontology more powerful in supporting computational processing. The initially built ontology was evaluated by a semiotic-driven and web-based tool Ontokeeper.

RESULTS

The current version of DROADO was composed of 1,021 classes, 23 object properties and 3,207 axioms, depicting a fundamental network related to computational neuroscience concepts and relationships. Assessment using semiotic evaluation metrics by OntoKeeper indicated sufficient preliminary quality (semantics, usefulness and community-consensus) of the ontology.

CONCLUSIONS

As an in-depth knowledge base, DROADO would be promising in enabling computational algorithms to realize supervised mining from multi-source data, and ultimately, facilitating the discovery of novel AD drug targets and the realization of AD drug repurposing.
The Effect of Toll Gate Type on the Queue of Vehicles in Connecting Roads: A case study of Bawen – Yogyakarta Toll Road
Authors: Astutik Herna Puji , Dewanti Dewanti
Published: January 2020

Due to the increased population, accessibility from one place to another, and effort to support economic growth, the Indonesian Central Government plans to build 71 kilometers of Yogyakarta-Bawen Toll Road. It is, however, important to state that the technical requirements of a connecting road are an integral part of the toll road construction. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the sufficient length for the connecting road between the toll gate and existing one to reduce the investment of Toll Road Business Entity and ensure a more extended return period of concession. The data used include the vehicle speed and daily traffic on the road while the maximum length value of vehicle queue occurring in the peak hour period and interval for each type of toll gate was calculated in the modeling simulation. The results showed the satellite gate with 4 lines has 159 meters, tandem with 2 lines has 434 meters, and extending with 3 lines has 513 meters. Since all the gates have less than 2 kilometers of queue length, the stretch of the connecting road in each toll of the plan needs to be analyzed to ensure effective development
Parametric Study of the Effect of Ground Anchor on Deep Excavation Stability
Authors: Pratama Aditya Putra , Hardyatmo Hary Christady , Faris Fikri
Published: January 2020

Apartment construction is mostly carried out by including deep excavation works. However, excavation causes land instability; hence, the work needs to be done by a particular handler. In some cases, deep excavation is carried out on soft soil, which has a very high level of soil instability; therefore, a specific handling method such as ground anchor is required as an alternative. This study aims to conduct parametric research on the effect of using anchors on the stability of deep excavation. First, anchors of various slopes were modelled while varying the number of anchors up to four pieces. From the results of the study, the requirements representing the most efficient use of anchors were selected, and then various anchor bond lengths were modelled. Finally, the effect of applying various magnitudes of prestress forces to the anchor was determined. All of the models were examined to determine the influence on the stability of the deep excavation by observing the horizontal displacement and the forces that occur on the secant pile. From the analysis results, it can be concluded that the most effective slope angle is 0°. The displacement and forces occurred in the secant piles on the use of two, three, or four anchors has not a significant difference. The application of a higher prestress force on the anchor would yield better results as long as it is not exceeding 200 kN. However, in the case of an apartment building’s plans in Surabaya, the optimal anchor usage was found to be the use of two anchors with a 45° slope, 4.5 m for the first (A) and second (B) anchor bond lengths, 15 m free length anchor, 2.5 m vertical anchor distance, 1.2 m horizontal anchor distance, and the application of 200 kN prestress force.
Is there a text in my data? (Part 1): on counting words
Authors: Gavin Michael
Published: January 2020

This essay is the first in a two-part series. This first installment invites readers to consider a few very basic questions: what does it mean to count words in a text? What happens to the text, and to our understanding of it, when we decompose it into a series of word counts? What relation exists between the textual domain and its numerical image? Or, to restate this question with a nod to literary critic stanley fish, “is there a text in my data?” following one document through a series of typical transformations – first into a simple list of words and their frequencies, then to a vector of elements in a matrix, and from there through the processes of normalization, dimensionality reduction, and analysis – this essay argues against the commonly held notion that counting words reduces complexity, suggesting instead that semantic models embed textual objects in highly complex structures that are extremely sensitive to historical context and subtle nuances in meaning. Word frequencies aren’t static, given things that simply exist in a text. They’re produced through the act of modeling, and the mathematical structures they imply dissolve both words and texts into elaborate systems of mutual interrelation.
Gender Dynamics and Critical Reception: A Study of Early 20th-century Book Reviews from The New York Times
Authors: Lavin Matthew J.
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on book reviews at the turn-of-the century United States in order to underline fundamental compatibilities between large-scale, computational methods and book historical approaches. It analyzes a dataset of approximately 2,800 book reviews published in The New York Times between January 1, 1905 and December 31, 1925. Several machine learning scenarios are employed to investigate how the underlying reviews constructed gendered norms for reading and readership. Logistic regression models are trained and tested to evaluate how effectively lemma frequencies predict the perceived or presumed gender of an author under review. The paper discusses four different feature selection scenarios, as follows: (1) No terms removed, (2) Stop words removed, (3) Stop words, gender nouns, and titles removed, and (4) Stop words, gender nouns, titles, and common forenames removed. For each scenario, the top lemma coefficients are discussed and interpreted. Tracing the norms (gendered and gendering) of The New York Times Book Review in the early twentieth century demonstrates that even the summary-driven book reviews played an important role in mediating hierarchies of taste and distinction. Further, the paper seeks to demonstrate that cultural analytics methods can be used to investigate a range of research questions related to authorship, publishing, circulation, and reception.
Тригонометрические суммы в метрической теории диофантовых приближений
Authors: Ковалевская Элла Ивановна
Published: January 2020

Это обзор результатов по метрической теории диофантовых приближений на многообразиях в n-мерном евклидовом пространстве, в доказательстве которых используются тригонометрические суммы.

Мы приводим как классические теоремы, так и современные результаты для многообразий Γ, dim Γ = m, n/2 < m < n. Мы также показываем, как происходит переход от задачи о диофантовых приближениях к оценке тригонометрической суммы или тригонометрического интеграла, и приводим необходимые соображения теории меры.

Если m ≤ n/2, то обычно используют другие методы. Например, метод существенных и несущественных областей или методы эргодической теории.

Здесь даны две фундаментальные теоремы рассматриваемой теории. Одну из них в 1977 г. доказал В. Г. Спринджук. Другую теорему в1998 г. получили Д. И. Клейнбок и Г. А. Маргулис. Первая теорема была доказана методом тригонометрических сумм. Вторая теорема – методами эргодической теории. Для ее доказательства авторами была найдена связь между диофантовыми приближения и однородными динамическими системами.

В заключении кратко упоминаем о тенденциях развития метрической теории диофантовых приближений зависимых величин, даем ссылки на ее современные аспекты.
Об абстрактной определяемости универсальных гиперграфических автоматов полугруппами входных сигналов
Authors: Молчанов Владимир Александрович , Хворостухина Екатерина Владимировна
Published: January 2020

Гиперграфическими автоматами называются автоматы, у которых множества состояний и выходных символов наделены структурами гиперграфов, сохраняющимися функциями переходов и выходными функциями. Универсальные притягивающие объекты в категории таких автоматов называются универсальными гиперграфическими автоматами. Для таких автоматов полугруппы входных символов являются производными алгебрами отображений, свойства которых взаимосвязаны со свойствами алгебраических структур данных автоматов. Это позволяет изучать универсальные гиперграфические автоматы с помощью исследования их полугрупп входных символов. В работе исследуется проблема абстрактной определяемости таких автоматов их полугруппами входных символов, суть которой заключается в нахождении условий изоморфности полугрупп входных символов универсальных гиперграфических автоматов. Основной результат работы дает решение этой задачи для универсальных гиперграфических автоматов над эффективными гиперграфами с p−определимыми ребрами. Это достаточно широкий и весьма важный класс автоматов, так как он содержит, в частности, автоматы, у которых гиперграфы состояний и выходных символов являются плоскостями (например, проективными или аффинными), а также автоматы, у которых множества состояний и выходных символов разбиваются на классы некоторой эквивалентности без одноэлементных классов. В настоящей работе доказано, что универсальные гиперграфические автоматы над эффективными гиперграфами с p−определимыми ребрами полностью (с точностью до изоморфизма) определяются своими полугруппами входных символов, а также описано строение измоморфизмов таких автоматов.
Арифметические свойства рядов некоторых классов
Authors: Крупицын Евгений Станиславович
Published: January 2020

.
Точные оценки для специального класса целочисленных многочленов с заданным дискриминантом
Authors: Бударина Наталья
Published: January 2020

В статье получена верхняя и нижняя оценка для числа целочисленных многочленов,которые имеют только два близких корня и малый дискриминант в терминах Евклидовойметрики.
Математические модели нагрева и расплавления частиц мелкодисперсного порошка
Authors: Ларкин Евгений Васильевич , Привалов Александр Николаевич
Published: January 2020

По мере своего развития математическое моделирование находит всё новые и новые области применения, оставаясь эффективным инструментом, в том числе, инженерной деятельности. Математические модели проходят путь эволюционного развития, повышая адекватность по соответствию реальным физическим процессам. Одно из актуальных направлений математического моделирования связано с развивающимся технологиями аддитивного прототипирования. Например, при изготовлении изделий из металлических порошков методами аддитивных технологий, в частности, селективного лазерного плавления, одним из практических вопросов является подбор оптимальных параметров работы3D-принтера. Решение задачи оптимизации х параметров работы 3D- принтера должно базироваться на математической модели процесса нагрева и расплавления частиц металла. В качестве базовой концепции моделирования использован подход, основанный на формировании и решении уравнения теплопроводности с краевыми условиями, учитывающими сферическую форму частицы, распределение энергии в поперечном сечении лазерного пучка и взаимное пространственное положение частицы и лазерного пучка. Отмечается, что для оценки структуры формируемых деталей подобный подход является избыточным, а алгоритм интегрирование уравнения в частных производных обладает высокой вычислительной сложностью. Для упрощения задачи анализа исходная микромодель трансформирована в макромодели нагрева и расплавления, в которых распределение температуры по объему частицы считается постоянным, а внешнее воздействие на частицу сводится к передаче тепла через поверхность шара, с верхней стороны - от лазерного луча к частице, а с нижней стороны - от частицы к окружающей среде. Для макромодели получены временные диаграммы нарастания температуры и накопленной внутренней энергия частицы во времени. Сделан вывод о возможности разбиения пространства вокруг частицы на зоны: полного и неполного расплавления, а также зону нагрева, недостаточного для расплавления. Показано, что наличие подобных зон приводит к рыхлости структуры формируемых на 3D-принтере деталей.
Новый подход к поиску строковой медианы и визуализация строковых кластеров
Authors: Горбачев Дмитрий Викторович , Офицеров Евгений Петрович
Published: January 2020

.
BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE NO SISTEMA NACIONAL DE JUVENTUDE: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DO SOFTWARE VISÃO
Authors: Silveira Lucas , Barcelos Janinne , Dos Santos de Moura Rebeca , Shintaku Milton
Published: January 2020

Business Intelligence em português, inteligência de negócios, é um conjunto de teorias, metodologia e processos que transformam uma grande quantidade de dados brutos em informações concretas no auxílio a gestão de negócios úteis na tomadas de decisões estratégicas. Originalmente, o conceito era aplicado em empresas privadas para aumentar os ganhos e enxugar custos.

O conceito vem tendo sucesso, e atualmente ultrapassou as barreiras da iniciativa privada, chegando ao poder público. Por ser genérico,  o conceito pode ser aplicado no poder público,  sem grandes mudanças. Os dados brutos, que antes não tinha nenhum cuidado, podem ser exploradas como fonte de informações valiosas, seja no ganho indireto, através do desperdício de verbas públicas, ou mesmo para mapear a melhor forma de se gastar uma verba, potencializando a cobertura da população. Pensando nisso, a Secretaria Nacional da Juventude desenvolveu uma parceria com o Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT), para mapear todas as unidades de juventude espalhadas no território brasileiro, possibilitando as gestores criar um observatório de unidades de juventude. Além disso, tal ferramenta, tinha o objetivo de criar, estruturar e expor indicadores de juventude aos gestores das unidades de juventude.  O IBICT desenvolveu uma ferramenta web de gestão genérico, conhecida como VISÃO, que está sendo aproveitada nessa parceria, mas que pode ser adaptado para quaisquer outras secretarias ou órgãos para fazer o mapeamento e a gestão dos seus dados. O VISÃO, apresenta uma designer iterativo no qual gestores podem consultar as unidades de forma transparente utilizando a geolocalização destas unidades. A ferramenta também fornece suporte a criação de indicadores de juventude e métodos de criação de relatórios que possam ser utilizados na tomada de decisões. Atualmente, a ferramente encontra-se em estado de alimentação, com dados fornecidos pelo IBGE e ministério da saúde.
ESCRITA FEMININA E DISCURSO: A DESCOBERTA DE UM SUJEITO EM RACHEL DE QUEIROZ E HELEUSA CÂMARA
Authors: Silveira Gabriela Machado , Barbosa Adriana Maria De Abreu
Published: January 2020

O presente trabalho propõe ler e analisar a escrita e o discurso feminino nas escritoras nordestinas Rachel de Queiroz e Heleusa Câmara, a fim de problematizar a descoberta e construção do sujeito feminino. Como objeto de estudo tem-se o primeiro romance de Rachel de Queiroz, O Quinze, publicado pela primeira vez em 1930, e a coletânea de contos de Heleusa Câmara, Mulheres Acorrentadas, de 1982, na qual analisar-se-á, especificamente, os contos Joana da cata-nica e As lutas de Loura.  O objetivo é problematizar, através da observância das narrativas, como é realizada a construção do sujeito feminino por cada autora, além de questionar a noção de “sujeito universal”. Dessa forma, observa-se a relevância do trabalho, que busca perceber, de acordo com a visão de um elemento que muitas vezes foi deixado de fora da história, a noção da construção de protagonismo de sujeito marginalizado feminino. Como metodologia, sustentamo-nos na Análise Crítica do Discurso (ADC), proposta por Teun A. van Dijk (2010), para, além de apontar os discursos narrativos das autoras e suas protagonistas, também analisar, em uma perspectiva crítica-feminista, como ocorre a construção desses sujeitos.
AS PRÁTICAS DE LETRAMENTO NA SÍNDROME DE DOWN: A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS GÊNEROS TEXTUAIS
Authors: Meira Vivian , Feistauer Cláudia Madalena
Published: January 2020

Este texto apresenta uma pesquisa sobre a importância de utilização de gêneros textuais variados no processo de letramento de crianças com Síndrome de Down. A pesquisa foi realizada na Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE), na cidade de Vitória da Conquista – BA. Tomamos como base o aporte teórico da Psicolinguística e práticas de letramento com utilização de gêneros textuais, considerando os níveis de participação dos atores do contexto educacional e familiar. Além dos dados obtidos por meio do questionários, foram feitas observações de aulas e análise do material empregado no contexto escolar. Os resultados indicam que alunos com Síndrome de Down alcançam níveis satisfatórios de letramento quando na sala de aula são orientados por docentes que usam material diverso e tiveram contato precocemente com materiais escritos no núcleo familiar.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gêneros textuais; letramento; psicolinguística; síndrome de down.
PROBLEMATIZANDO A PESQUISA LINGUÍSTICA SOBRE ENSINO DA PRODUÇÃO TEXTUAL POR MEIO DE GÊNEROS
Authors: Mendes Batista Luiz Eduardo , Freitas Rocha Maura Alves
Published: January 2020

Este artigo objetiva analisar as principais escolhas teórico-metodológicas efetuadas por estudiosos da linguística brasileira, especialmente por aqueles interessados por um ensino de produção textual oral e escrita que elege os gêneros discursivos como objeto central. Para isso, coletamos e analisados todos os artigos sobre esse tema publicados nos anais do Simpósio Internacional de Ensino de Língua Portuguesa (SIELP) em suas edições brasileiras. Observamos que, embora haja esforços no sentido de se reconhecer a ideia de gêneros discursivos na esfera escolar como efetivo objeto de inserção do aluno em práticas sociais em atendimento às demandas contemporâneas, há muitas confusões e problemas relativos principalmente às escolhas metodológicas efetuadas.
Extracts of Quercus dentata leaf
Authors: Peng Yuhao , Sun Zhiyong , Wang Yaoming , Dong Shuaiwei , Lv Chunxia , Wang Ting , Yan Shuangxi , Zhang Qiuling
Published: January 2020

Along with the development of our economic society and the growing demand for wood, the value of the use of Quercus dentata Thunb has also increased year by year. However, the traditional trees used are resources that are cut down, and development primarily uses only the branches, while ignoring the value in using the rest of the trees. Thiscauses a waste of resources. In response, this study uses benzene, an alcohol found in Quercus dentata Thunb leaf extract. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used for catalytic cracking products, and the efficient extraction of pyrolysis products were studied. Analysis shows that Quercus dentata Thunb leaf extract species contain a variety of biological active ingredients; and the ingredients in pharmaceutical and chemical production have very high value. For example, the Quercus dentata Thunb leaf of benzyl alcohol extract, Lupeol, has significant anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammatory effects. The analysis of the chemical composition of the Quercus dentata Thunb leaf provides a new theoretical basis.
Chemical constituents and medical function of leaves of Diospyros lotus L.
Authors: Yang Hong-Qi , Chen Guang-Hui , Dong Shuaiwei , Sun Zhiyong , Wang Yaoming , Luo Xuefeng , Chen Bo , Yao Guanzhong , Gao Yang , Lv Chunxia , Zheng Dongfang , Zhao Yong , Wang Ting , Yan Shuangxi , Yang Yafeng
Published: January 2020

The potential use of leaves of Diospyros lotus L. was analyzed by using FT-IR, GC-MS and MTT through organic solvent extracts. The results showed that the leaves extracts of Diospyros lotus L. contains many kinds of bioactive organic ingredients with antibacterial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. Meanwhile the extracts have significant effect on HEGP2, SGC-7091, and K562. Therefore, it provides a scientific foundation for comprehensive application prospects in the fields of biomedicine, food, skin care products and other fields and turning waste into treasure.
Resource utilization of Sambucus williamsii Hance root
Authors: Chen Huiling , Dong Shuaiwei , Sun Zhiyong , Wang Yaoming , Luo Xuefeng , Chen Bo , Zheng Dongfang , Zhao Yong , Wang Ting , Yan Shuangxi , Peng Wanxi
Published: January 2020

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to bio-energy. People are eager to find new substances from sustainable forest products for energy research. As an important forest resource, Sambucus williamsii Hance has gradually attracted people?s attention. Therefore, in order to explore a new way of comprehensive utilization of Sambucus williamsii Hance, the root samples of Sambucus williamsii Hance were collected and extracted with ethanol, benzene/ethanol and methanol, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry (TGA) and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) were used to detect the treated samples, and various substances in Sambucus williamsii Hance root were studied in depth. The results show that the thermal decomposition products of raw material powders and extracts contain many chemical substances. Such as (1R) - (-) ?Myrtenal, D-Mannose, Furfural, O-Xylene, Phenol, 2,6-dimethyl-. These substances have broad application prospects in chemical industry, bio-medicine, food additives and other fields, thus providing a theoretical basis for the rational use of Sambucus williamsii Hance.
Diplomatisk hodebry: internasjonale reaksjoner på kontroversielle avgjørelser i norsk barnevern
Authors: Bragdø-Ellenes Sunniva Cristina , Torjesen Stina
Published: January 2020

De siste ti årene har enkelte avgjørelser i norsk barnevern skapt sterke internasjonale reaksjoner. Våren 2016 demonstrerte over 8000 personer i elleve land i forbindelse med en sak som angikk en norsk-rumensk familie. Denne artikkelen undersøker tre saker som har gitt Norge betydelige diplomatiske utfordringer (India 2011, Russland 2014 og Romania 2016). Artikkelen ser på hvorfor sakene utløste så sterke reaksjoner, og redegjør for hvordan norske myndigheter håndterte sakene. Vi beskriver også gjeldende norsk lovverk og prosedyrer på feltet. Et viktig funn i vår undersøkelse er at alle sakene kan knyttes til andre sterke drivkrefter i det aktuelle landet. Det er kombinasjonen av en dramatisk familiehistorie i møte med en større politisk agenda som gjør sakene så kraftfulle og betente i de enkelte landene. I materialet vi legger frem, finner vi også tegn til læring og forbedring i Utenriksdepartementets (UD) håndtering, og også utvikling og forbedring i måten UD har samarbeidet med andre deler av embetsverket på. Samtidig stiller artikkelen spørsmål ved hvorfor et sentralt verktøy i arbeidet med å håndtere denne type saker (ratifiseringen av Haagkonvensjonen), kom på plass så sent.
Abstract in EnglishDiplomatic Controversies Sparked by Decisions of the Norwegian Child Welfare Service: A Preliminary AssessmentDecisions taken by the Norwegian child welfare services have in the past decade, in some cases, created strong international reactions. In the spring of 2016, over 8,000 people in eleven countries demonstrated in connection with a case involving a Norwegian-Romanian family. This article examines three issues that have presented significant diplomatic challenges to Norway (India 2011, Russia 2014 and Romania 2016). The article looks at why the cases triggered such strong reactions and explains how the Norwegian authorities handled these cases. It also outlines the relevant Norwegian legislation and judicial procedures in the field. The paper finds that the three controversial cases assessed linked with other strong driving forces or national political issues in the country in question. In the material we present, there is also evidence of learning and improvement in the way the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs handled these challenges, and there also seems to have been improvement in the way the Ministry of Foreign Affairs collaborated with other parts of the civil service. At the same time, the article questions why a key tool in dealing with these types of cases (The 1996 Hague Convention) was ratified so late in Norway.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TIGA KULTIVAR KACANG HIJAU PADA JARAK TANAM YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Trisnaningsih Umi , Wahyuni Siti , Prasetyo Meilina
Published: January 2020

Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tiga Kultivar Kacang Hijau pada Jarak Tanam yang Berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga kultivar tanaman kacang hijau pada jarak tanam yang berbeda. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian UGJ, mulai bulan Oktober 2016 sampai bulan Februari 2017. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah benih kacang hijau kultivar Walet, Murai, dan Vima 1 serta pupuk Urea, SP 36 dan KCl. Percobaan disusun secara Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial.Faktor pertama adalah jarak tanam dengan tiga taraf (15 cm x 30 cm; 20 cm x 30 cm; dan 25 cm x 30 cm). Sedangkan faktor kedua adalah kultivar yang terdiri dari tiga taraf (Walet, Murai dan Vima 1). Semua perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Variabel yang diamati terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang per tanaman, indeks luas daun (ILD) serta rasio pucuk akar (RPA), yang diamati pada umur 21, 28 dan 35 HST. Komponen hasil, yang diamati pada saat panen meliputi: jumlah polong per tanaman dan per petak, bobot 100 butir biji kering, indeks panen, serta bobot biji per tanaman dan per petak. Hasil tertinggi kultivar Walet dan Murai diperoleh pada jarak tanam 15 cm x 30 cm (663,34 g petak -1 dan 337,46 g petak -1 berturut-turut), sementara Vima-1 diperoleh pada jarak tanam 20 cm x 30 cm (385,63 g petak -1 )
SELEKSI ISOLAT ORCHID MYCORRHIZA PADA BIBIT ANGGREK Phalaenopsis amabilis PADA MEDIA COCOPEAT DAN ARANG SEKAM SAAT AKLIMATISASI
Authors: Indrasari Silfi , Rini Maria Viva , Arif Mas Achmad Syamsul , Niswati Ainin
Published: January 2020

Orchid mycorrhiza merupakan suatu bentuk asosiasi mutualistik antara akar tanaman anggrek dengan fungi tertentu yang berfungsi sebagai biofertilizer (pupuk hayati).  Fungi ini akan menginfeksi anggrek melalui akar yang ditandai dengan adanya struktur hifa yang berbentuk lilitan padat pada korteks yang disebut dengan peleton.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menentukan apakah empat isolat Orchid mycorrhiza yang diuji mampu menginfeksi dan bersimbiosis dengan akar anggrek P. amabilis, (2) menentukan media tanam yang terbaik untuk aklimatisasi tanaman anggrek P. amabilis, (3) mengetahui apakah respon tanaman anggrek terhadap pemberian Orchid mycorrhiza dipengaruhi oleh media tanam yang digunakan, dan (4) menentukan media tanam yang terbaik untuk empat jenis isolat Orchid mycorhhiza.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perkebunan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung dan Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan yang disusun secara faktorial (5x2).  Faktor pertamaadalah jenis isolat Orchid mycorrhiza (M) yaitu kontrol tanpa Orchid mycorrhiza(m0), isolat Orchid mycorrhiza M1 (m1), isolat Orchid mycorrhiza M9 (m2), isolat Orchid mycorrhiza M12 (m3), dan isolat Orchid mycorrhiza M14 (m4). Faktor kedua yaitu media tanam (T) yang terdiri dari dua level yaitu cocopeat (t1) dan arang sekam (t2).  Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali dan masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari 2 bibit anggrek.Bibit anggrek dikelompokkan menjadi 4 berdasarkan jumlah daun.Data yang diperoleh diujihomogenitas ragamnya dengan uji Bartlett dan aditivitasnya dengan uji Tukey.Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat yang diuji M1, M9, M12, dan M14 merupakan Orchid mycorrhiza karena mampu menginfeksi dan bersimbiosis dengan akar anggrek P. amabilis dan membentuk peleton di dalam sel korteks akar.Media tanam cocopeat dan arang sekam menghasilkan respon yang sama terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman anggrek P. amabilis saat aklimatisasi.Respon tanaman anggrek terhadap pemberian Orchid mycorrhiza tidak dipengaruhi oleh media tanam yang digunakan.Media tanam cocopeat dan arang sekam menghasilkan respon yang sama terhadap keempat jenis isolat Orchid mycorrhiza.
PENGARUH SUHU DAN GENOTIPE PADA VIABILITAS BENIH SORGUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR [L.] MOENCH. ) PASCA SIMPAN 12 BULAN
Authors: Maksum Nasrulloh Zein , Pramono Eko , Agustiansyah Agustiansyah , Nurmiaty Yayuk
Published: January 2020

Sorgum merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman serelia penghasil karbohidrat.  Sorgum mempunyai potensi besar untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia.  Tanaman sorgum dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan alternatif, pakan ternak dan bahan baku bioethanol.  Penyediaan benih bermutu serta memiliki masa simpan panjang merupakan upaya untuk mendukung diversifikasi pangan guna menyediakan benih di musim tanam berikutnya.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh suhu ruang simpan dan genotipe terhadap viabilitas benih sorgum pasca simpan 12 bulan.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Benih dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung yang berlangsung dari bulan Februari 2017 sampai dengan Februari 2018.  Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dengan 3 kelompok sebagai ulangan.  Petak utama berupa suhu ruang simpan (T) yang terdiri atas suhu rendah/18±1,58°C (T1) dan suhu kamar/26±1,08°C (T2).  Anak petak adalah genotipe (G), yang terdiri dari Super-1 (G1), Talaga Bodas (G2), GH-3 (G3), dan GH-13(G4).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih sorgum yang disimpan selama 12 bulan masih memiliki viabilitas yang cukup baik.  Benih yang disimpan pada suhu rendah (18±1,58°C) dapat dipertahankan viabilitas 16% lebih tinggi dari pada benih yang disimpan pada suhu kamar (26±1,08°C).  Perbedaan genotipe berpengaruh pada viabilitas benih sorgum.  Viabilitas benih sorgum yang terbaik setelah disimpan selama 12 bulan ditunjukkan oleh genotipe Super-1.  Keunggulan genotipe Super-1 tersebut memungkinkan dapat disimpan dan digunakan untuk musim pertanamaan berikutnya.
PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK MAJEMUK NPK (16:16:16) DAN KLON TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASILTANAMAN KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Saragih Winson Hotmawan , Evizal Rusdi , Pujisiswanto Hidayat , Sugiatno Sugiatno
Published: January 2020

Provinsi Lampung merupakan daerah penghasil biji kakao rakyat terbesar ketiga di Pulau Sumatera setelah Sumatera Barat dan Aceh dengan produksi dan produktivitas masing-masing sebanyak 22.067 ton dan 897 kg/ha pada tahun 2013. Hampir keseluruhan (94%) perkebunan kakao di daerah Lampung merupakan milik rakyat dan  berproduksi rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan interaksi klon dan dosis terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kakao. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Sinar Dua, Kecamatan Way Ratai Pesawaran dan dilaksanakan bulan Desember 2018 sampai Mei 2019. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi yang terdiri dari dua faktor.  Faktor pertama klon kakao yang diletakkan pada Petak Utama, yaitu klon Sul 1, Sul 2, ICCRI 3, dan MCC 1. Faktor kedua dosis pupuk NPK yang diletakkan pada Anak Petak, yaitu 400, 800, dan 1200 g/pohon. Penelitian terdiri dari 12 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, diperoleh total 36 satuan percobaan. Homogenitas data di uji menggunakan uji barltlett kemudian dilanjutkan sidik ragam dan uji beda nyata terkecil pada taraf kepercayaan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan klon Sul1, ICCRI 3, dan MCC 1 memiliki pertumbuhan persen flush daun tertinggi. Klon MCC 1 memiliki hasil buah masak tertinggi, yaitu 4,33 buah/pohon. Dosis pupuk majemuk NPK 1200 g/pohon memiliki persen flus daun tertinggi, yaitu 62,5% dan 800 g/pohon memiliki hasil buah masak tertinggi 4,33 buah/pohon.  Klon Sul 1 dengan dosis pupuk majemuk NPK 800 g/pohon memiliki jumlah daun tertinggi mencapai 37,3 helai daun. Klon MCC 1 dengan dosis pupuk majemuk NPK 1200 g/pohon menghasilkan bobot biji kering per buah tertinggi mencapai 77,5 g/buah.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK KANDANG AYAM DAN KOMPOS JERAMI SERTA APLIKASI PUPUK HAYATI BIO MAX GROW (BMG) PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Putri Sarah Rahmanda , Hendarto Kus , Karyanto Agus , Ginting Yohannes C
Published: January 2020

Pemupukan dengan menggunakan bahan organik dan penambahan pupuk hayati dapat mempengaruhi produksi tanaman sayuran.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuipengaruh pemberian bahan organik dan pupuk hayati yang digunakan pada panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, jumlah bunga betina, jumlah buah, panjang buah, diameter buah, bobot buah tanaman mentimun. Bahan organik yang digunakan adalah pupuk kandang ayam (20 ton/ha), kompos jerami (20 ton/ha) dan pupuk hayati Bio Max Grow (BMG) 0 ml/l, 10 ml/l, dan 20 ml/l. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sukabanjar, Kecamatan Gedong Tataan, Kabupaten Pesawaran pada Oktober 2018 – Januari 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial (3x3) dengan tiga ulangan sebagai kelompok dan terdapat 9 kombinasi perlakuan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemberian pupuk kandang ayam dengan aplikasi pupuk hayati BMG pada masing-masing dosis tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman mentimun, namun menghasilkan produksi yang paling tinggi dan lebih baik daripada perlakuan lainnya.Meskipun perlakuan pupuk kopos jerami tidak lebih baik daripada pupuk kandang ayam, perlakuan pupuk kompos jerami dengan masing-masing dosis aplikasi pupuk BMG menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman mentimun yang lebih baik dibanding tanpa perlakuan.
The progress towards achieving the UNAIDS ambitious viral suppression target among adults living with HIV in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Usman Saheed Opeyemi , Adebanjo Adetosoye , Emeh Anuri , Ogboghodo Ererosanaga , Akinbinu Babatunde , Udechukwu Chisom , Ale Jennifer , Akueshi Chiedozi , Fatunsi Emmanuel , Ariyo Abimbola , Suraju Adijat , Anugha Ekene , Akande Patrick , Owolagba Femi , Jolayemi Toyin , Okonkwo Prosper
Published: January 2020

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa where genotypic drug resistance testing is rarely performed and poor adherence is blamed for the inability to achieve viral suppression and treatment failure, programmatic approaches to preventing & handling these are thus essential. Hypothesis tested was antiretroviral therapy adherence effect on viral load outcome. This study was aimed at determining and monitoring HIV/AIDS disease progression using viral load to provide prognostic information and evaluate patients for viral suppression using the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline strategies.

Methods: This study was an observational study of subjects living with HIV already initiated on antiretroviral therapy for at least six months, enrolled in health facilities across Ondo State, South-Western Nigeria, during a 12-month observation period starting October 2018 till September 2019. Quantitative viral load analysis was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction, Roche Cobas Taqman 96 Analyzer. All data were statistically analyzed, using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), with multiple comparisons done using Post Hoc Bonferonni test. Results: A total of 8124 (1947 males & 6177 females) subjects eligible for the study were recruited. Most of them are in the age range of 35 – 39 years, with a mean age of 42.02 ± 10.88 years. 7162 (88.2%) & 1771 (21.8%) of the subjects had viral suppression of <1000 RNA copies per ml and <20 RNA copies per ml respectively. The unsuppressed subjects went through enhanced adherence counselling (EAC) for three months and viral load test repeated thereafter. 192 patients who had completed the three sessions of EAC and repeated viral load increased the entire suppression numbers to 7339 (90.3%) & 1824 (22.5%) <1000 RNA copies per ml and <20 RNA copies per ml respectively during the period of observation. ART adherence has significant effect on viral load outcome from the study hypothesis tested.

Conclusion: Current ART regimen & HIV treatment enhanced adherence counseling are key to the achieving viral suppression, thus, routine viral load monitoring will ultimately help in HIV/AIDS disease progression follow up and reduce treatment failure tendencies. This will help more patients stay on first line regimen and prolong their life expectancy, indicating that the UNAIDS last 90 target is achievable.
A Review of Prevalence and Pattern of Intestinal Parasites in Nigeria (2006-2015)
Authors: Funso-Aina Oluwatobiloba Ibukunoluwa , Chineke Henry Nnaemeka , Adogu Prosper Obunikem
Published: January 2020

Intestinal worm infestation has become a global health problem and still highly prevalent in the tropical region. Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections form the most important group of intestinal worms affecting two billion people worldwide, causing considerable morbidity and suffering, though largely preventable. Spatial distribution of helminth infections across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria identified the following helminthes; Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, S. stercoralis, Taenia sp, S. mansoni, S. stercoralis, Enterobius vermicularis and Hymenolopis nana. This study revealed that prevalence of intestinal helminth in the country has not declined since the 1970s. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent helminth in the Southwestern (21%) and South-southern (13%) parts of Nigeria. Hookworm was the most prevalent helminth infection in the Southeastern (19%) while multiple infections were highly prevalent in Northern Nigeria (25% in North-central and 19% in the Northeast and Northwest, respectively). Cases of Taenia sp and Schistosoma mansoni infections were high in the Northeast and Northwest of Nigeria (8% and 6%, respectively). Nigeria has benefited from the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) programme for over thirty years in the aspects of enhanced capacity building for applying personal hygiene and sanitation, improved water sources and provision of sanitation facilities and the National Emergency Group for coordination of emergency preparedness and response for WASH-related diseases. WHO estimated that more than 9% of the disease burden and 6% of deaths could be prevented by improving the WASH intervention programme. Children suffer the most, as 25% of global mortality of children (1 month–14 years) was linked with unsafe water and inadequate sanitation or insufficient hygiene, which was polarized in developing countries. To overcome challenge of WASH-related diseases, improved hygiene practices are essential. It is therefore important to sensitize people on the importance of water and sanitation practices through hygiene education. For effectiveness, hygiene education should be incorporated into the curriculum of schools from primary to tertiary institutions.
Single Renal Metastasis From Cervical Cancer
Authors: Ghannam Youssef , Elidrissi Oussama , Moudlige H. , Dakir M. , Debbagh A. , Aboutaieb R.
Published: January 2020

63-year-old patient, followed for cervical cancer classified 2b; declared cured after a treatment with chemo-radiotherapy and brachytherapy and who presents after 10 months of his last treatment session a fortuitous discovery of a right renal mass The patient subsequently benefited from a right enlarged total nephrectomy whose anatomo study pathology showed the appearance of a secondary epidermoid carcinoma of cervical neo.

In our case, there is a single renal metastasis of cervical cancer with no local development and after 10 months from the end of treatment.
Augmented Reality-based Media on Molecular Hybridization Concepts Learning
Authors: Irwansyah Ferli Septi , Asyiah Efa Nur , Farida Ida
Published: January 2020

Students' problems in understanding of the hybridization process need to be overcome by using interactive media. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the results of the validation test and the feasibility test of learning media based on Augmented Reality (AR) on the concept of hybridization. The research method used was the Design-based Research (DBR) method based on technology that supports the learning process within two stages, namely the analysis stage and the design and development stage. Data collecting instruments used were a validation test questionnaire and a limited trial sheet. The media was validated by 3 expert lecturers and 10 respondents of Chemical Education Department students at UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia. Overall validation test results obtained an average value of robserved of 0.88. The validation test obtained a value above 0.30, which showed that the learning media was valid and can be used for the limited trial. The limited trial obtained an average value of 88.59 % within a feasible category. This research concluded that AR learning media on the concept of hybridization is appropriate to be used as teaching material in the learning.
Snemmtæk íhlutun í lestrarnámi í 1. bekk
Authors: Þórólfsdóttir Elva Eir , Engilbertsson Guðmundur , Jónsson Þorlákur Axel
Published: January 2020

Í greininni er sagt frá rannsókn á áhrifum snemmtækrar íhlutunar í lestrarnámi. Í íhlutuninni var notað stuðningskerfið Leið til læsis en það er ætlað kennurum á yngsta stigi grunnskóla til að finna þau börn sem eiga á hættu að lenda í lestrarerfiðleikum annars vegar og til að skipuleggja íhlutun og meta áhrif af henni hins vegar. Stuðningskerfið Leið til læsis samanstendur af handbók, lesskimunarprófi og eftirfylgdarprófum í lesfimi og sjónrænum orðaforða. Rannsóknin fólst í því að skima fyrir mögulegum lestrarerfiðleikum hjá börnum í 1. bekk í einum grunnskóla og veita þeim viðeigandi íhlutun í hljóðkerfisvitund, stafaþekkingu og málþroska. Rannsóknin náði yfir fyrsta vetur barnanna í grunnskóla. Íhlutunartímabilin voru þrjú og stóðu þau yfir í sex vikur hvert. Áhrif voru metin með eftirfylgdarprófum í lesfimi og sjónrænum orðaforða. Framfarir barna í íhlutunarhópi voru bornar saman við framfarir þeirra barna í árganginum sem ekki voru talin þurfa sérstaka íhlutun samkvæmt niðurstöðum skimunarinnar. Heildarfjöldi barna í rannsókninni var 39. Þar af voru 14 börn í íhlutunarhópi og 25 börn í samanburðarhópi. Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar benda til þess að áhrif snemmtækrar íhlutunar með Leið til læsis séu jákvæð á heildina litið. Öll börn í íhlutunarhópi sýndu framfarir. Horft var til kenningar Stanovich um Matteusar-áhrif þar sem segir að börn sem eiga í erfiðleikum í lestrarnámi eigi á hættu að dragast aftur úr þeim börnum sem gengur vel og bilið milli þessara hópa muni því aukast með tímanum. Samkvæmt niðurstöðum rannsóknarinnar jókst bilið ekki á milli hópanna og náði íhlutunarhópur að halda í við framfarir samanburðarhóps.
Integration of Life and Consciousness into Cosmology
Authors: Sorli Amrit Srecko , Čelan Štefan
Published: January 2020

The Big Bang model is based on vague interpretations of experimental data. Direct interpretation of the data opens a new vision of the universe in a permanent dynamic equilibrium without beginning and without end. In the universe as the main system, the evolution of life on planet Earth is a consistent part of the universal process that operates in the entire universe. The origin of life as a consistent part of universal dynamics is in higher dimensions of the multidimensional dynamic quantum vacuum.