bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wahlen unter Pandemie-Bedingungen: Alles bleibt anders
Authors: Florack Martin
Published: August 2021

Graduelle Veränderungsprozesse der jüngeren Vergangenheit sind der strukturelle Hemmschuh für die unmittelbare Durchschlagskraft der Pandemie auf die Bundestagswahl im Sinne einer „critical election“. Die Corona-Krise hat diese vielleicht deutlicher zutage treten lassen – das aufklärerische Bild der Pandemie als „Brennglas“, unter dem bereits vorher angelegte Entwicklungen klarer erkennbar werden, hat sich hier etabliert – aber sie hat sie nicht ursächlich hervorgebracht.
Gleichstellungspolitisch – ein Superwahljahr?
Authors: Rosenzweig Beate
Published: August 2021

Angesichts der aktuellen Herausforderungen von rechtspopulistischen Anfeindungen einerseits und identitätskritischer Infragestellung andererseits besitzt das Superwahljahr 2021 auch aus gleichstellungspolitischer Perspektive durchaus den Stellenwert einer „critical election“. Unter den gegenwärtigen politischen Kontextbedingungen ist, so die These, mehr und nicht weniger (partei-)politisches Engagement für Gleichstellungspolitik gefordert. Inwieweit dies nach der Bundestagswahl umzusetzen ist, hängt nicht unmaßgeblich von der dann möglichen Regierungskoalition ab.
Ambitionierte Klimapolitik von unten – Möglichkeiten und Hürden zivilgesellschaftlicher Beteiligung an der Ausarbeitung von Klimazielen und ihrer Umsetzung
Authors: Donges Larissa , Kovac Sarah , Sperfeld Franziska
Published: August 2021

Ambitionierter Klimaschutz ist eine gesamtgesellschaftliche, komplexe Herausforderung und Gestaltungsaufgabe, die das Zusammenspiel unterschiedlichster Akteur*innen bedarf. Zivilgesellschaftlichen Organisationen kommt bei der Ausgestaltung von notwendigen klimapolitischen Rahmenbedingungen und deren Umsetzung eine entscheidende Rolle zu. Sie sind konstruktive, treibende Kraft im Transformationsprozess und bringen dabei die Bedürfnisse und Interessen von Menschen von vor Ort in nationale und internationale Diskurse ein. Internationale Abkommen und nationale Gesetze schreiben ihre Beteiligung an umweltpolitischen Entscheidungsprozessen vor, doch wie sieht die Umsetzung dieses Rechts in der Realität aus? Dieser Artikel beleuchtet, wie zivilgesellschaftlichen Organisationen in unterschiedlichen Ländern beispielsweise in die Erstellung oder Überarbeitung der nationalen Klimaschutzziele (NDCs) oder die Ausarbeitung von Strategien und Aktionsplänen einbezogen wurden und wie ihre Beteiligung in Zukunft verbessert werden könnte.
Cyclic changes in verbal person-number indexes are unlikely
Authors: Seržant Ilja A.
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the emergence and demise of verbal person-number indexes on the basis of a sample of 310 languages. First, qualitative evidence is provided to show that there are different ways in which indexes may emerge, and that independent anaphoric pronouns are not the only possible source. Second, quantitative evidence is provided against the claim that indexes tend to demise via phonological attrition in the course of time. A considerable degree of demise is not a universally likely process, but rather a major restructuring process that requires additional – areal – triggers in order to come about. Thus, 92% of the languages of my sample do not show any strong tendency toward losing their indexes, and the degree of demise of their indexes is persistently low when compared to the proto-forms. This is despite the fact that indexes constantly change over time, and the phonetic shape found in the proto-languages is never faithfully preserved in the modern languages. Finally, those few languages that exhibit a relatively high degree of demise are not randomly distributed across the world, but are clustered in the following areas: Northwestern Europe, Eastern South East Asia with Oceania and, possibly, Mid Africa as well Northern South America.
Towards a typology of change in person marking reference
Authors: Bates Jonah
Published: August 2021

Previous studies of person marking referent shifts posited directionality:pl > sgand 3rd > 2nd > 1st person. The current study expands the documentation of person shifts, finding possible counter-examples to any directionality if all shifts represent the same phenomenon. However, comparison of shift trajectories allows them to be separated into two categories: paradigm-dependent and paradigm-independent shifts, analogous to the stages of known cycles like Jespersen’s Cycle for negation. Dependent shifts are context restrictions that occur after the introduction of more specific contrasting person markers. Independent shifts are context extensions. I analyze both shift types using a model of competition between referent-specific and referent-general markers causing pragmatic restriction of the more general form. Dependent shifts occur when the innovation of a referent-specific marker pragmatically restricts a general one to a subset of its original uses with no real change in reference. Independent shifts begin when some speakers use a referent-specific marker non-prototypically in more general contexts, triggering reanalysis of the marker’s reference by reducing specification to match the broader context. Crucially, using a general marker in more specific contexts would not trigger reanalysis, naturally resulting in directionality similar to ‘bleaching’.
Clusivity and the history of personal pronouns in East Caucasian
Authors: Authier Gilles
Published: August 2021

Personal pronouns are among the most stable lexemes in the East Caucasian family, which consists of at least forty different languages distributed over eight well established branches, with nevertheless important variations and paradigmatic reshaping across branches, languages, and even dialects. The 1st and 2nd singular pronouns have been replaced or changed shape at least once in many subparts of the family, and the main 1st person singular innovation was apparently followed by areal spread. Most languages retain two different pronouns for the 1st person plural European pronoun, but the cognates are not always clear, suggesting that although clusivity is an inherited feature of East Caucasian pronominal paradigms, its history is complex, with various types of loss and renewal. This paper attempts to draw a fine-grained and accurate picture of these 1st person plural pronouns and their history within the larger setting of personal pronouns in general. Most individual stories behind variation across branches, languages and dialects provide reasons to see inclusive pronouns as prone to be maintained or renewed over time, whereas exclusive pronouns (1st person singular or plural) are specially targeted by avoidance and replacement processes.
Simulation of flow field characteristics in scheelite leaching tank with H2SO4–H3PO4
Authors: Li Jiangtao , Cao Guoxiang , Tang Zhongyang , Zhao Zhongwei
Published: August 2021

Digesting scheelite by using H2SO4–H3PO4 is an environment-friendly and low-cost technology. The key approach to achieving efficient scheelite decomposition involves providing a good environment with uniform material composition for the growth of calcium sulfate. Therefore, numerical simulation of gypsum particle suspensions in a square stirred tank with a frame-type agitator for leaching scheelite was investigated. Simulated optimized results showed that the homogeneity of a multiphase flow system increased with the speed of the agitator. Reducing off-bottom clearance eased the dispersion of gypsum into the liquid. Adding baffles increased turbulence intensity and axial velocity in the tank, which eased solid suspension. The suspension improved, together with increases in the torque and power requirements of the agitator when the speed changed and baffled were added. However, when the solid suspension improved, the stirring torque and power slightly decreased, under a different off-bottom clearance of the agitator. Meanwhile, with residence time distribution as an evaluation criterion, the experimental results verified that the flow characteristics of the solid particles improved after optimization. This study can provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the optimization of the design and enlargement test of the stirred tank for leaching scheelite with sulfuric–phosphorous mixed acid.
Intergranular corrosion susceptibility of 6061 aluminum alloy welded joints
Authors: Gong Lihua , Guo Weimin , Li Yang
Published: August 2021

The intergranular corrosion behavior of 6061 aluminum alloy welded joints produced by metal inert gas welding and friction stir welding was studied. The microstructure of the welded joints and the intergranular corrosion morphology of the cross-section were analyzed by optical microscopy. The results show that the most sensitive area of intergranular corrosion is the partially melted zone of the metal inert gas welding, and the maximum corrosion depth is about seven times that of the base metal, followed by the unmixed zone. The heat affected zone has the lowest sensitivity. Although the welding seam corroded seriously, general corrosion played a leading role. With the high heat input of metal inert gas welding, the sensitivity to intergranular corrosion in the partially melted zone increased significantly, while other zones had little change. For friction stir welding joints, the heat affected zone suffered from the most severe corrosion, and the nugget zone the least. However, the difference is not apparent. The susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of friction stir welding joints is weaker than that of metal inert gas welding joints but more severe than the base metal.
Real-world EUROCRINE® registry data challenge the reliability of Bethesda cytopathology for thyroid surgery indication
Authors: Staubitz Julia I. , Poplawski Alicia , Watzka Felix , Musholt Thomas J.
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is recommended by international guidelines for the preoperative evaluation of suspicious thyroid nodules >1 cm. Despite robust evidence from endocrine centers demonstrating the key role of FNAC results for the indication of surgery, the method is not routinely used in European clinics. The database EUROCRINE®, which was introduced in 2015 with the scope of registering operations of the endocrine system, allows for a large-scale analysis of the current service reality in Europe concerning FNAC use and associated accuracy.

Methods

Operations performed to “exclude malignancy”, registered from January 2015 to December 2018 in EUROCRINE®, were analyzed. Parameters of accuracy were calculated for FNAC. FNAC results were considered “test positive” in the case of Bethesda category IV, V, and VI, since these categories usually prompt surgical interventions in European centers for thyroid surgery. Bethesda category II and III were considered “test negative”.

Results

Of 8,791 operations, 5,780 had preoperative FNAC (65.7%). The overall malignancy rate was 28.3% (2,488/8,791). Malignancy rates were 68.8% for Bethesda VI, 69.9% for Bethesda V, 32.6% for Bethesda IV, 28.2% for III, 20.2% for Bethesda II, and 24.5% for Bethesda I. After exclusion of papillary microcarcinomas (PTMCs), the sensitivity of FNAC was 71.7% and specificity 43.5%, the positive predictive value was 29.1% and the negative predictive value 82.7%.

Conclusions

Although the indication to “exclude malignancy” was the predominant reason that prompted thyroid resection in the present cohort, FNAC was only used in about 65.7% of cases. When performed, FNAC was associated with unexpectedly low accuracy. Interestingly, in Bethesda II, 20.2% of malignant entities were present (13.3% after the exclusion of PTMCs).
Optimal design of differential mount using nature-inspired optimization methods
Authors: Albak Emre İsa , Solmaz Erol , Öztürk Ferruh
Published: August 2021

Structural performance and lightweight design are a significant challenge in the automotive industry. Optimization methods are essential tools to overcome this challenge. Recently, nature-inspired optimization methods have been widely used to find optimum design variables for the weight reduction process. The objective of this study is to investigate the best differential mount design using nature-based optimum design techniques for weight reduction. The performances of the nature-based algorithms are tested using convergence speed, solution quality, and robustness to find the best design outlines. In order to examine the structural performance of the differential mount, static analyses are performed using the finite element method. In the first step of the optimization study, a sampling space is generated by the Latin hypercube sampling method. Then the radial basis function metamodeling technique is used to create the surrogate models. Finally, differential mount optimization is performed by using genetic algorithms (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), moth-flame optimization (MFO), ant lion optimizer (ALO) and dragonfly algorithm (DA), and the results are compared. All methods except PSO gave good and close results. Considering solution quality, robustness and convergence speed data, the best optimization methods were found to be MFO and ALO. As a result of the optimization, the differential mount weight is reduced by 14.6 wt.-% compared to the initial design.
Photodynamic priming with triple-receptor targeted nanoconjugates that trigger T cell-mediated immune responses in a 3D in vitro heterocellular model of pancreatic cancer
Authors: De Silva Pushpamali , Bano Shazia , Pogue Brian W. , Wang Kenneth K. , Maytin Edward V. , Hasan Tayyaba
Published: August 2021

Photodynamic priming (PDP), a collateral effect of photodynamic therapy, can transiently alter the tumor microenvironment (TME) beyond the cytotoxic zone. Studies have demonstrated that PDP increases tumor permeability and modulates immune-stimulatory effects by inducing immunogenic cell death, via the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and tumor-associated antigens. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest of cancers with a stubborn immunosuppressive TME and a dense stroma, representing a challenge for current molecular targeted therapies often involving macromolecules. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that PDP’s TME modulation will enable targeted therapy and result in immune stimulation. Using triple-receptor-targeted photoimmuno-nanoconjugate (TR-PINs)-mediated PDP, targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, transferrin receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 we show light dose-dependent TR-PINs mediated cytotoxicity in human PDAC cells (MIA PaCa-2), co-cultured with human pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (PCAFs) in spheroids. Furthermore, TR-PINs induced the expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp60, Hsp70), Calreticulin, and high mobility group box 1 in a light dose and time-dependent manner. TR-PINs-mediated T cell activation was observed in co-cultures of immune cells with the MIA PaCa-2-PCAF spheroids. Both CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells showed light dose and time-dependant antitumor reactivity by upregulating degranulation marker CD107a and interferon-gamma post-PDP. Substantial tumor cell death in immune cell-spheroid co-cultures by day 3 shows the augmentation by antitumor T cell activation and their ability to recognize tumors for a light dose-dependent kill. These data confirm enhanced destruction of heterogeneous pancreatic spheroids mediated by PDP-induced phototoxicity, TME modulation and increased immunogenicity with targeted nanoconstructs.
The crystal structure of (E)-2-(((5-((triphenylstannyl)thio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol, C27H21N3OS2Sn
Authors: Sun Junshan
Published: August 2021

C27H21N3OS2Sn, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 11.064(3) Å, b = 11.538(3) Å, c = 12.257(3) Å, V = 1258.2(6) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0316, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0664, T = 298 K.
The crystal structure of bis(benzoato-κ2
O,O′)-(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)-copper(II), C28H22CuN2O4
Authors: Yang Fei , Liu Pengju , Guo Libing , Xian Dong
Published: August 2021

C28H22CuN2O4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 17.2971(3) Å, b = 14.4409(3) Å, c = 9.5617(2) Å, β = 90.580(2)°, V = 2388.25(8) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0536, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1406, T = 293 K.
Monetary Policy, Financial Regulation and Financial Stability: A Comparison between the Fed and the ECB in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Schnabl Gunther , Sonnenberg Nils
Published: August 2021

The paper discusses in light of Austrian and Keynesian economic theory the impact of conventional and unconventional monetary policies as therapies for financial crises. It reviews the financial market stabilization measures of the Federal Reserve System and the Eurosystem in response to the US subprime crisis and the European financial and debt crisis. It shows that stabilization measures both in the US and the euro area are based on Keynesian thinking, whereas longer-term consequences of financial stabilization measures tend to be neglected. It is argued that the Federal Reserve System’s crisis measures were more directed towards stabilizing the banking system, whereas the European Central Bank first and foremost focused on debt sustainability of euro area crisis countries. In both cases, household credit growth remained under control despite renewed monetary expansion, while new imbalances emerged in the banking and corporate sector as suggested by Austrian economic theory.
Wahrnehmung und Wirklichkeit in der Volkswirtschaftslehre
Authors: Sell Friedrich L.
Published: August 2021

Wahrnehmung und Wirklichkeit fallen in wirtschaftlichen Zusammenhängen häufig auseinander. In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, wie Volkswirte – auch im Vergleich zu anderen Disziplinen – mit diesen beiden Themen umgehen. Da (umfassend) rationale Wahrnehmungen, analog zu den rationalen Erwartungen, höchst selten anzutreffen sind, bedarf es an Erklärungsansätzen, die, als Teil der Behavioral Economics, Abweichungen davon befriedigend erklären können. Die Prospect Theory erweist sich dabei als leistungsfähiger Ansatz. Mit seiner Hilfe kann die Koexistenz von Ungleichheits- wie Gleichheitsaversion in der personellen Einkommensverteilung gut begründet werden. Die bisherige Empirie dazu vermag zwar noch nicht zu überzeugen, was aber mit dem noch fehlenden Kriterienkatalog für die Bildung/Abgrenzung von Ländersamples – analog zu den Konvergenztestes in der empirischen Wachstumsforschung – erklärt werden kann.
Neuere Erkenntnisse über Inflationserwartungen – Eine Systematik
Authors: Kaiser Timo Pascal
Published: August 2021

Viele Probleme makroökonomischer Modelle können gelöst werden, wenn bisherige Erwartungskonzepte durch subjektive Inflationserwartungen aus Umfragen ersetzt werden. Subjektive Erwartungen entsprechen nicht Rationalen Erwartungen, sondern weisen eine Koexistenz verschiedener Erwartungsmodelle auf. Zur Erklärung wird die Erwartungsbildung als mikroökonomischer Prozess dargestellt. Dabei maximiert das Individuum seinen Nutzen gegeben kognitiver Restriktion sowie Barrieren beim Erwerb von Informationen. Bisherige Konzepte der Erwartungsbildung können in dieses Schema eingeordnet werden. Zudem passen bisherige empirische Erkenntnisse auf der Mikroebene in diesen Theorierahmen. Durch diese übergreifende Theorie können Schlussfolgerungen für einen Ordnungsrahmen gesetzt werden, der die Fehler der Inflationserwartungen reduziert. Zudem können dadurch weitere Forschungshypothesen aufgestellt werden zur Erklärung der Inflationserwartungen.
Professionalisierung [in] der Sozialen Arbeit in Deutschland: Reflexionen zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Berufsfeldes
Authors: Bossong Horst
Published: August 2021

Das Prinzip der Solidarität realisiert sich in modernen Gesellschaften darin, dass diese über zuverlässig funktionierende Technologien und professionelle Methoden verfügen, um Hilfe und Unterstützung für die Bevölkerung zu gewährleisten. Die Soziale Arbeit ist als personenbezogene Dienstleistung hier stark involviert. In ihrer Entwicklungsgeschichte können wichtige Prinzipien, aber auch paradigmatische Verschiebungen in ihrem Selbstverständnis aufgezeigt werden, durch die ihre Professionalisierung vorangetrieben wurde. Heute zeigt sie sich als moderner Dienstleistungsbereich, der in weiten Teilen marktwirtschaftlich und dementsprechend immer weniger obrigkeitlich-bürokratisch strukturiert ist. Gleichzeitig sieht sie sich neuerlich (wieder) vermehrt mit kritischen Diskursen konfrontiert, die eine antikapitalistische und antiökonomische Positionierung einfordern. Aber bei realistischer Betrachtung zeigt sich, dass das Berufsfeld vor anderen, wichtigen Herausforderungen steht, um auch in Zukunft in der modernen Dienstleistungsgesellschaft erfolgreich zu bestehen.
Pragmatic patterns in Bram Stoker’s Dracula
Authors: Stubbs Michael
Published: August 2021

In an influential book on literary linguistics, first published in 1981 and revised in 2007, Geoffrey Leech and his colleague Mick Short discuss linguistic methods of analysing long texts of prose fiction. This article develops their arguments in two ways: (1) by relating them to classic puzzles in the philosophy of science; and (2) by illustrating them with a computer-assisted study of Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel Dracula. This case study shows that software can identify a linguistic feature of the novel which is central to its major themes, but which is unlikely to be consciously noticed by human readers. Quantitative data on the novel show that it contains a large number of negatives. Their function is often to deny something which would normally be expected, and therefore to express the protagonists’ distrust of their own senses in the extraordinary world in which they find themselves.
WIR im interaktionalen Gebrauch: Zur Verwendung des Pronomens der 1. Person Plural in der institutionellen Kommunikation – am Beispiel onkologischer Aufklärungsgespräche
Authors: Günthner Susanne
Published: August 2021

This empirically oriented article focuses on uses of the pronoun “wir” (‘we’) in medical interaction – more precisely, in oncological consultations. After a brief presentation of major research on the 1st person plural pronoun in German, I will – based on methods of Interactional Linguistics – analyze interactional uses of this deictic pronoun in institutional doctor-patient conversations. This article aims at contributing to research of how grammar is used in response to local interactional needs within social interaction (Auer/Pfänder 2011). As the data show, participants in these institutional settings make use of various types of “wir” – beyond the prototypical forms of usage (a) “self and person addressed”; (b) “self and person or persons spoken of” and (c) “self, person or persons addressed, and person or persons spoken of” (Boas 1911: 39). These “alternative”, non-prototypical uses of “wir”, which partly override the “residual semanticity” (Silverstein 1976: 47), are found to be related to the way in which they are embedded within the particular “social field” (Hanks 2005: 18). Thus, the indexical anchoring of “wir” proves to be rather flexible and responsive to interactional contingencies.
Masseschmälerung durch Forderungseinziehung auf debitorische Konten
Authors: Lieder Jan , Wagner Raphael
Published: August 2021

Mit den Urteilen vom 11.2.2020 und 27.10.2020 hat der II. Zivilsenat des BGH seine Rechtsprechung zur Geschäftsleiterhaftung für die Einziehung von Zahlungen auf debitorische Konten bestätigt und weiter präzisiert. Der Beitrag unterzieht den gesamten Fragenkomplex auf Grundlage des bisherigen Rechts einer kritischen Analyse und fragt nach der Übertragbarkeit der gefundenen Ergebnisse auf den durch das SanInsFoG reformierten Ersatzanspruch aus § 15 b InsO.
Rechtliche Fallstricke des Todes des Personengesellschafters de lege lata und de lege ferenda
Authors: Freitag Robert
Published: August 2021

Das Personengesellschaftsrecht ist seit Langem auch und gerade in Grundsatzfragen reformbedürftig. Wie in einem Brennglas zeigt sich dies bei der Rechtsnachfolge von Todes wegen: Insbesondere die Grundsätze der Einheitlichkeit der Mitgliedschaft und der Unzulässigkeit der Einpersonen-Personengesellschaft auf der einen sowie der Bedarf nach Unternehmenskontinuität und Gläubigerschutz auf der anderen Seite geraten hier bereits im geltenden Recht immer wieder in Widerspruch, ohne dass insoweit stets zufriedenstellende Lösungen entwickelt wären. Nach einer Analyse relevanter Problemlagen in der lex lata adressiert die Untersuchung, ob und was sich an diesem Befund durch das geplante Gesetz zur Modernisierung des Personengesellschaftsrechts (MoPeG) ändern wird.
Informationsweitergabe bei Compliance-Verstößen im Konzern
Authors: Bingel Adrian , Martin Markus
Published: August 2021

Interne Untersuchungen im Zusammenhang mit möglichen Compliance-Verstößen sind derzeit in aller Munde. Eine wichtige Rolle spielt dabei die Informationsweitergabe zwischen Konzerngesellschaften. Insbesondere die Muttergesellschaft kann ein starkes Interesse daran haben, etwa Informationen über den Compliance-Verstoß selbst, die Bewertung durch die betroffenen Konzerngesellschaften oder ihre Behördenkommunikation zu erhalten. Der nachfolgende Beitrag skizziert die gesellschaftsrechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und beleuchtet, unter welchen Umständen solche Informationen im Konzern weitergegeben werden dürfen oder müssen.
SISTEMAS VINCULARES VITIMIZADO E CIDADÃO: UMA PROPOSTA SOCIONÔMICA
Authors: Gulassa Daniel C. R.
Published: August 2021

In this experience report as a therapist in a governmental program on the outskirts of the city of São Paulo, the goal was to understand, focusing on the socionomic methodology, how technicians and users of assistance service managed their day-to-day challenges in the community context. Two socio-dynamics were identified in the observed roles: the first one, named Victimized Bond System (VBS), assumes that most of the responsibility of the events belongs to third parties, involving expectation, guilt, scapegoating and consequent social exclusion; and the so-called Citizen Bond System (CBS), which attributes co-responsibility, involving dialogue and negotiation in search of viable solutions and generating social inclusion. VBS was proved less efficient in overcoming challenges and the socionomic intervention facilitated a transition from VBS to CBS.
Wood sanitization protocol for export packaging of Pinus radiata wood using a radiofrequency heat treatment
Authors: Ananías Rubén A. , Sepúlveda-Villarroel Victor , Torres-Mella José , Salvo-Sepúlveda Linette , Wentzel Maximilian , Salinas-Lira Carlos
Published: August 2021

A treatment is proposed to sanitize wood for export packaging using radio frequency equipment that is capable of treating wood. This was achieved by optimizing the sanitization process and developing an equation to predict the total sanitization time. Statistical analysis determined that the separation of plates and the power density of the equipment significantly influenced the duration of a sanitization process using radio frequency heating, whereas the thickness of the material was not as influential for the overall process. Furthermore, the sanitization process did not influence the quality of the wood; therefore, the proposed sanitization protocol provided a balance between duration and the quality of the finished radiata pine packaging material.
Microstructure identification based on vessel pores feature extraction of high-value hardwood species
Authors: Yang Xiaoxia , Zhao Ziyu , Wang Zhongmin , Ge Zhedong , Zhou Yucheng
Published: August 2021

Because of the diversity of vessel pores in different hardwood species, they are important for wood species identification. In this paper, a Micro CT was used to collect wood images. The experiment was based on six wood types, Pterocarpus macrocarpus, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Dalbergia latifolia, Dalbergia frutescens var. tomentosa, Pterocarpus indicus, and Pterocarpus soyauxii. One-thousand cross-sectional images of 2042 px × 1640 px were collected for each species. One pixel represents 1.95 µm of the real physical dimension. The level set geometric active contour model was used to obtain the contour of the vessel pores. Combined with a variety of morphological processing methods, the binary images of the vessel pores were obtained. The features of the binary images were extracted for classification. Classifiers such as BP neural network and support vector machine were used, the number, roundness, area, perimeter, and other characteristic parameters of the vessel pores were classified, and the accuracy rate was more than 98.9%. The distribution and arrangement of the vessel pores of six kinds of hardwood were obtained through the level set geometric active contour model and image morphology. Then BP neural network and support vector machine were used for realizing the classification of hardwood species.
Impact of cutting speed and feed rate for cross cutting with saw chains
Authors: Kuvik Tomáš , Krilek Jozef , Kováč Ján , Melicherčík Ján
Published: August 2021

This article examined the impact of cutting speed and feed rate on the process of cross cutting with a saw chain. Three cutting speeds and three feed rates were chosen, and their impact on energy intensity was evaluated. The measurements were performed on an experimental device, on which it is possible to set the rpm (cutting speed) and the feed rate into the section using frequency converters. The cutting speed influences the resulting energy efficiency, at a cutting speed (vc) of 5.02 m × s-1 the resulting power (P) was 485 W. With increasing speed the cutting power increased, where the maximum value of P was 619 W at a cutting speed of 6.81 m × s-1. At a feed rate of 0.286 m × min-1 the cutting power was 376 W, with increasing cutting speed the cutting power (P) also increased almost linearly up to the value of 695 W at a feed rate (vf) of 0.857 m × min-1. The results showed that the cutting speed and the feed rate have a clear influence on the process of cross sawing with a saw chain.
Qualimetric Approach to Modeling Estimates of the Synergy Effect of Functioning Transportation and Logistics System
Authors:   International Research and Training Centre of Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Gritsenko Volodymyr I. , Bazan Ludmila I. ,   International Research and Training Centre of Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine
Published: August 2021

Formulation of the problem. The digital economy, being customer-oriented, highlights the provision of high-quality services and processes. The successful solution of this problem depends on many factors, among which the assessment of the quality of the service of logistics services by the transport system plays an important role. Purpose. For the sustainable development of the transport and logistics system, it is necessary to develop a concept for ensuring the assessment of the quality of logistics services based on a qualimetric approach to obtain a synergistic effect of the system’s functioning Methodology. The methodology and problems of qualimetry concentrate on a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of the quality of objects of any nature, including logistics services. To solve the problem of assessing the synergistic effect of the qualitative functioning of the transport and logistics system, a nonparametric DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method is proposed, which is a highly intelligent method for analyzing the functioning environment due to the fact that its methodology is based on the intelligent technology of benchmarking – comparative analysis based on reference indicators (standards) Results. The transport and logistics system, as an ordered set of elements with certain connections, has special systemic properties that are not inherent in individual elements, but allow for a synergistic effect in the process of functioning. The effect of logistic synergy arises in the process of mutual strengthening of relations between the internal and external environment at the level of input and output material and information flows. Quality management of logistics services is based on the provision of operational information about the quality of logistics services and timely management decisions to ensure this quality. In accordance with the principles of the standards, product quality management is aimed at ensuring customer satisfaction and continuously improving the quality of logistics services. Conclusions. To find a general assessment of the efficiency of the functioning of the transport and logistics system based on the DEA method, the following were developed: a model for assessing the effectiveness of input (i.e., use of resources), oriented to the input, and a model for assessing the efficiency of an output (i.e. logistic system), that is output-oriented. The model developed on the basis of the DEA method for assessing the efficiency of the functioning of the transport and logistics system allows to evaluate it as a stable system in a certain period of time, using the normative quality of the performed logistics services.
Optimization of a Composition Microprogram Control Unit with Elementary Circuits
Authors:   University of Zielona Gora, Poland, Barkalov Oleksandr O. , Titarenko Larisa O. ,   University of Zielona Gora, Poland, Golovin Oleksandr M. ,   V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine, Matvienko Oleksandr V. ,   V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The control unit coordinating interaction of all other blocks of a digital system is one of the central blocks and is a sequential circuit. As a rule, when synthesizing control unit circuits, the problem arises of reducing hardware costs. Methods for solving this problem depend on features of both the architecture of the control unit and the elemental basis. Purpose. The main goal of this work is to reduce hardware costs and power consumption of control units of digital systems by taking into account features of the element base of the control unit and rational organization of addressing microinstructions. FPGA (field-programmable logic array) microcircuits, widely used for the implementation of modern digital systems, were chosen as an elementary basis. Methods. Methods of set theory, synthesis of automata, and software modeling as well as the library of standard automata and FPGA Virtex-7 from Xilinx were used for assessment the effectiveness of solving the problem. Results. The paper proposes a method for optimizing the circuit of the microinstruction addressing unit based on splitting the set of outputs of elementary linear operator circuits, which is based on the idea of double coding of states. The proposed method, under certain conditions, makes it possible to reduce the number of levels in the microinstruction addressing circuit to two. Conclusion. Studies have shown that double coding of states can increase performance, reduce hardware costs (the number of LUTs and their interconnections) and power consumption in Mealy’s circuitry. Based on these results, it can be expected that, with the number of conditions exceeding the number of LUT inputs, the proposed approach will improve the characteristics of the composition microprogram control unit in comparison with the equivalent control unit U1.
Creating Web Application for Organizing Teamwork Online Using Microsoft Azure Cloud Services
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Tiutiunnyk Petro B. , Rybachok Natalia A. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”
Published: August 2021

Based on the services of the cloud platform Microsoft Azure developed a web application that solves problems that arise when organizing teamwork online. For the first time, the architecture of this type of software system based on Microsoft Azure cloud platform services has been proposed. The architecture is flexible and can be extended by adding new modules. Possibilities for improving the implementation of the software system in the following versions have been identified: expanding the tools of the AGILE methodology by including Scrum approaches; expanding real-time interaction, including receiving notifications and reminders about meetings, editing team pages and KANBAN boards; adding the ability to share files between users; expanding interaction with messages (forward, reply, edit, delete); adding methods for notifications other than email, such as Telegram. The implementation of these additional functions will not affect the developed architecture of the software system.
Creation of a Visual Model of the Atomic Structure as a Possible Element of a Quantum Computer
Authors:   V.M.Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine, Bilyk Viktor K.
Published: August 2021

Using only the laws of classical mechanics, a possible physical model of the structure of an atom as an element of a quantum computer—- a cube is proposed. The stable motion of an electron in an atom is substantiated, which is provided not only by the motion in the main elliptical or circular orbit but also by the additional motion of the electron around the main trajectory along the trajectory (helical line), the projection of which on the plane of the main orbit has the form of a cosine. It is shown why the trajectory of the electron is “smeared”, and the electron does not fall on the nucleus and, in general, what keeps it in the sphere of influence of the nucleus.
Age and gender features of clinical course COVID-19
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University, Kovalyova OM
Published: August 2021

The article presents the review of modern publications devoted the assessment the impact of age and gender on susceptibility, clinical manifestation and outcome of COVID-19 infection. Statistical data on rate of COVID-19 in relation to age categories and adverse clinical signs of disease in different populations are shown. Old and older ages are the predictors of severe coronavirus course and mortality are emphasized. Gender features of coronavirus infection have been described according to gender cardiology with taken in account the disproportion of hypertension and coronary heart disease in male and female. Due to the scientific research the gender and age peculiarities of immune response to virus infection is considered. The definition of hypothesis “immunosenescence” underlying adverse outcome due to COVID-19 in older patients is taken. Gender peculiarities of COVID-19 are presented by evident scientific data according to the relationship between sex hormone and immune inflammation factors
Clinical manifestations and complications of formations of medium and big dimensions in the womb and ovaries
Authors:   Azerbaijan Medical University, Amiraslanova NA
Published: August 2021

The data showed that all patients had complaints, mainly for 2-3 symptoms. 56 patients of the main group (70.0 ± 5.1%) and 24 patients of the comparison group (80.0 ± 7.3%) complained of menstrual irregularities. Dysmenorrhea was observed in 42 patients of the main group (52.5 ± 5.6 %) and 12 patients in the comparison group (40.0 ± 8.9%), polymenorrhea, respectively, in 9 (11.2 ± 3.6%) and 5 (16.7 ± 6.8%) women. As a result of menstrual dysfunction in 11 women (13.7 ± 5.1%) of the main group, such a complication of the underlying disease as anemia of the I degree (blood hemoglobin level 110 — 91g / l) was noted. Anemia grade II (blood hemoglobin level of 90 — 71 g / l) was detected in 7 (8,8%) women of the main group. Patients in the comparison group showed anemia of I degree in 4 (13,3%) women and 2 women (6.7%) had anemia of II degree. Of all the patients examined, 49.1 ± 4.8% (54 women) complained of pain in the lower abdomen, having a diverse nature (aching, nagging pains radiating to the lumbar region). Dysuric disorders were observed in only 14 women (12.7 ± 3.2% of women).
Bible and preventive medicine
Authors:   The Ukrainian Academy of History of Medicine, Molchanov S.B.
Published: August 2021

The article shows and discloses the main medical laws and regulations presented in the Bible. It is shown that all these provisions were many centuries ahead of the then development of medical science and retain their relevance in our time
Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine: social and psychological aspects
Authors:   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Podolian V.M.
Published: August 2021

Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine is a serious problem that requires proper attention and evaluation from modern society. Timely public reaction to this issue determines the methods of its solution and ways to prevent adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine in the future. The urgency of the subject matter is determined by the danger of drug addiction among Ukrainian adolescents and the lack of attention paid by parents to the study of this problem and the lack of proper attention to this issue in most Ukrainian schools. Prospects for research in this area are determined by the need to identify the main social and psychological aspects that motivate modern Ukrainian adolescents to use drugs. This will allow to redirect the situation and create conditions to prevent a situation in society where drug use by Ukrainian adolescents would be possible. The purpose of the paper is to identify the dominant psychological and social factors that motivate adolescents to start using drugs. The main research method is the method of analysis, which was used to comprehensively consider and describe the factors that push young people to use drugs, despite the obvious threat to their health and life. Authors consider issues of social and psychological aspects of adolescent drug addiction, problems of relations in society and families where adolescents begin to use drugs. The study covers the types of family relations and the nature of intrafamily relations, in which adolescents start using drugs. The main social and psychological factors that push modern young people to take drugs are identified. The practical value of the study in this area is to identify and state opportunities to create methods to combat adolescent drug addiction and the complete elimination of the harmful effects of drugs on modern Ukrainian schoolchildren.
History and formation of hospitals in the Middle ages
Authors:   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Oparin O.A.
Published: August 2021

The article shows and analyzed the development of hospitals in the Middle Ages. The main features of hospitals in its different periods are shown. The deterrent role of medieval religious beliefs and dogma in the development of hospitals is shown and revealed
Atrial fibrillation in diabetic patients.
Authors:   National Institute of Therapy. L.T. Malaya NAMS of Ukraine, Serik S.A . , Strona V.I. ,   National Institute of Therapy. L.T. Malaya NAMS of Ukraine
Published: August 2021

The article summarizes the main clinical and theoretical data on features of atrial fibrillation (AF) course in combination with diabetes mellitus (DM). The potential relationship between these comorbid conditions is analyzed on the basis of the results of epidemiological and randomized studies, the gender features of the course of AF in this category of patients are assessed. Particular attention is paid to pathogenetic bases of AF development in DM (fibrosis, neurohumoral regulation, impaired energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress, genetic factors, electrolyte metabolism disorders).
The application of quercetin in liposomal form for optimization of metabolic therapy of coronary artery disease.
Authors:   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Korzh O.M.
Published: August 2021

The study of the clinical efficacy and safety of the dietary supplement L-Quercet as part of the complex therapy of patients with coronary artery disease with stable angina of II functional class, taking into account their effect on the clinical course of the disease, exercise tolerance and functional state of the endothelium. It has been shown that the inclusion of L-Quercet in the complex therapy in patients with stable angina leads to an improvement in the clinical course of angina pectoris, allows to significantly increase exercise tolerance and the quality of life of patients. The use of L-Quercet improves the indicators of endothelial function according to the results of the cuff test, which is one of the main factors in the prevention of the development and progression of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, and also causes an increase in the effectiveness of antianginal pharmacotherapy
TEACHING MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT FOR IMLÂ’ LESSON TO ENHANCE STUDENT’S WRITING SKILLS
Authors: Martan Martan , Zaid Abdul Hafidz , Mahmudi Ihwan
Published: August 2021

Most of Indonesian students can read Arabic texts, but they cannot write good Arabic according to its rules. This research was aimed to study the characteristics of the teaching materials in Imlâ’ and find out its effectiveness for enhancing writing skill. The research used Research & Development (R&D) methodology, and used four research instruments to collect the data: interviews, questionnaires, tests, and documents for collecting data. In analyzing data, Paired Sample t-Test was used.   The procedures started from the literature review, planning, design, validity and experiment to the students. Among the most important results of this research is the presence of teaching materials in the form of a textbook. Its validity is good grade, with a percentage score of 86.4%, meaning that the designed materials can be used with little modification and correction. As for its effectiveness, the researcher studied that Sig. (2-tailed) result is (0,000) < (less than) (0,005). It means that the teaching materials designed for the Imlâ’ are effective to develop the writing skill of students.
STYLISTIC OF THE QUR’AN: READING THE STORY OF SULAIMAN
Authors: Amrulloh Muhammad Afif , Ikhwan Munirul
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the stylistic of Sulaiman's story in the Qur’an and its chronology. The language style has a building in the historical social context of the Arab community when it came down to the Qur’an. This article aimed to find the chronology and function of each language style used in the story of Sulaiman. This study was a library research with descriptive and analytical data presentation methods. The primary data were taken from the Qur’an in Surah Şād (30–40). A hetorical and chronological analysis wass used in this research. The finding of this study showed that the rhetoric of Sulaiman's story in Surah Şād still used a high style of language. Based on these findings, a strong language style is a characteristic of the Sulaiman's story to strengthen the prophet's heart, console the prophet and give the encouragement of spreading da’wa of Muhammad. This study contributes to a complete understanding of language style.
INTEGRATIVE ARABIC LANGUAGE TEACHING OF INTEGRATED ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN SOLO RAYA
Authors: Kurniawan Rio , Sugiyono Sugeng , Musthofa Tulus
Published: August 2021

Integrated Islamic Schools, which is very influential in the education system in Indonesia, stand behind this research. This research explored Arabic language teaching at the Integrated Islamic Elementary Schools in Solo Raya with different integrative system backgrounds. It aimed to answer how the language was taught and learned in Integrated Islamic Elementary Schools in Solo Raya and the learning process from Hector Hammerly's perspective. This research was a field research model with a case study approach under the constructivist research paradigm. The results show that the Arabic language is taught depending on the need in Integrated Islamic Elementary Schools in Solo Raya, and it follows the curriculum of each school. The Hector Hammerly perspective in Arabic language teaching applies cognitive, collaborative, natural, and communicative approaches. The teaching strategies were, among others, presentation, L1 usage, visual aids, practices, error correction, technological aids, evaluation (the students’ performance or teacher-and-student quizzes to evaluate daily progress), and CA-OB (cognitive audio-oral bilingual) method.