bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of the effect of sidewalls on shock train behaviour
Authors: Gillespie Alexander , Sandham Neil D.
Published: May 2023

Strongly coupled sequences of shock waves, known as shock trains, are present in high-speed propulsion systems, where the presence of sidewalls substantially modifies the boundary layer thickness, skin friction and streamwise pressure distribution. In the present contribution, scale-resolved numerical simulations are performed on supersonic channel (infinite span) and square duct flows to evaluate the effect of sidewall confinement with and without shock trains. Comparable secondary flow vortices are observed in the duct case with and without the presence of the shock train. The absence of a separation region at the leading shock of the duct case results in lower flow deflection compared with the channel case, leading to a reduced shock strength. The principal effect of the sidewalls is to cause a shock train that is approximately twice as long and composed of a larger number of shocks. A modification of previous models, based on a momentum thickness-based blockage parameter, leads to an improved collapse of the channel and duct cases.
Robust train localisation method based on advanced map matching measurement-augmented tightly-coupled GNSS/INS with error-state UKF
Authors: Liu Dan , Jiang Wei , Cai Baigen , Heirich Oliver , Wang Jian , Shangguan Wei
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a robust train localisation system by fusing a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) with an Inertial Navigation System (INS) in a tightly-coupled (TC) strategy. To improve navigation performance in GNSS partly blocked areas, an advanced map-matching (MM) measurement-augmented TC GNSS/INS method is proposed via an error-state unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The advanced MM generates a matched position using a one-step predicted position from a UKF time update step with binary search algorithm and a point–line projection algorithm. The matched position inputs as an additional measurement to fuse with the INS position to augment the degraded GNSS pseudorange measurement to optimise the state estimation in the UKF measurement update step. Both the real train test on the Qinghai–Tibet railway and the simulation were carried out and the results confirm that the proposed advanced MM measurement-augmented TC GNSS/INS with error-state UKF provides the best horizontal positioning accuracy of 0 ⋅ 67 m, which performs an improvement of about 71% and 90% with respect to TC GNSS/INS with only error-state UKF and only error-state Extended Kalman filter in GNSS partly blocked areas.
Left ventricle mass index in paediatric intensive care unit acquired hypertension
Authors: Mekki Mostafa , Algebaly HebatAllah Fadel , Sabry Hend Aly , Samir Mohamed , Rady Hanaa
Published: May 2023

Background:

Hypertension acquired in paediatric critical patients is a recognised challenge, with variable reported frequency. Pain, agitation, and/or medications such as beta stimulants and corticosteroids are well-known risk factors. Sympathomimetics in septic patients can cause high blood pressure, especially with unobserved haemodynamic monitors. Beyond haemodynamic factors, several endocrinal-metabolic factors – including catecholamines, insulin, renin, angiotensin, the aldosterone system, and sodium consumption – may contribute to the left ventricular growth. It is well known that the sympathetic tone has a trophic effect on the heart muscle.

Method:

A prospective cohort study was conducted during the year 2021. The children were divided into two groups: those who were critically ill with paediatric intensive care unit-acquired hypertension (n = 59) and those without paediatric intensive care unit-acquired hypertension (n = 62). We used the American Academy of Pediatrics’ 2017 definition of hypertension to diagnose paediatric intensive care unit-acquired hypertension. Measurement of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance was performed by cardiometry. Left ventricular myocardial performance and left ventricular mass index were measured by bedside echocardiography at the onset of hypertension diagnosis.

Results:

Critically ill children with acquired hypertension had a higher cardiac index (p = 0.0001), systemic vascular resistance index (<0.0001), myocardial performance (0.037), and left ventricular mass index (0.009). The longer duration of stay observed in the hypertension group had no observable effect on mortality (<0.0001).

Conclusion:

Both myocardial performance and left ventricle mass index increased in critically ill children with paediatric intensive care unit-acquired hypertension.
Identifying types of problems and relative priorities in the problem lists of participants in CBT for psychosis trials
Authors: Morrison Anthony P. , Gonçalves Cláudia C. , Peel Heather , Larkin Amanda , Bowe Samantha E.
Published: May 2023

Background:

There is wide variation in the problems prioritised by people with psychosis in cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp). While research trials and mental health services have often prioritised reduction in psychiatric symptoms, service users may prioritise issues not directly related to psychosis. This discrepancy suggests potential challenges in treatment outcome research.

Aims:

The present study aimed to examine the types of problems that were recorded on problem lists generated in CBTp trials.

Method:

Problem and goals lists for 110 participants were extracted from CBTp therapy notes. Subsequently, problems were coded into 23 distinct categories by pooling together items that appeared thematically related.

Results:

More than half of participants (59.62%) listed a non-psychosis-related priority problem, and 22.12% did not list any psychosis related problems. Chi-square tests indicated there was no difference between participants from early intervention (EI) and other services in terms of priority problem (χ2 = 0.06, p = .804), but that those from EI were more likely to include any psychosis-related problems in their lists (χ2 = 6.66, p = .010).

Conclusions:

The findings of this study suggest that psychiatric symptom reduction is not the primary goal of CBTp for most service users, particularly those who are not under the care of EI services. The implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
More Than One “Double Life”: Artistic Conceptions, Networks, and Negotiations in Benny Goodman's Commissions to Paul Hindemith and Darius Milhaud
Authors: Reisinger Elisabeth
Published: May 2023

Beginning around the mid-1930s, clarinetist and bandleader Benny Goodman engaged with classical music, adding standard solo pieces to his regular performance and record portfolio. He also stimulated the emergence of a modern clarinet repertoire by granting commissions to composers, such as Béla Bartók, Paul Hindemith, Darius Milhaud, and others. In this article, I explore why and how these projects evolved and how the collaborations unfolded. My focus is on the commissions to Hindemith (1941/47) and Milhaud (1941). The newly found correspondence of Eric Simon, a Viennese-born clarinetist who advised Goodman and initiated contact with Hindemith and Milhaud, reveal Goodman's “double life” as a multilayered sphere for various actors, each with their own specific background and agenda. My analysis follows three topics that decisively shaped the investigated projects: Goodman's relationship with classical music, which I discuss in light of the intersectionally biased structures of U.S. musical life; the situation of European émigré artists experienced by Hindemith, Milhaud, and Simon; and the promotion of new music, which linked the lives, networks, and agendas of the aforementioned protagonists and even defined their relationships. By highlighting Goodman taking center stage as a performer-commissioner, I argue for more serious attention to performers’ impact on musical production and repertoire formation, given that they represent the ultimate gatekeepers to the living repertoire.
Coral Chemistry Reflects Southeast Asia’s Economic Expansion
Authors: Dzombak Rebecca
Published: May 2023

Soil erosion from economic development sent sediments into the South China Sea—and into coral skeletons.
Fire History in the Qinling Mountains of East‐Central China Since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Zhang Yao , Cui Qiaoyu , Blockley Simon , Zhou Aifeng , Chen Lin , Boyall Laura , Colombaroli Daniele
Published: May 2023

The study of fire history and driving mechanisms at long time scales can provide a theoretical background for future fire management in forested regions. The alpine lake sediments from Daye Lake in the Qinling Mountains, east‐central China, were used to explore the influence of climate, vegetation and human activity on fires since the LGM, based on charcoals and black carbon. During the last glacial period, fire activity was mostly controlled by regional aridity under a weak East Asian summer monsoon, while human‐induced fires were commonly dominated in the late Holocene. Fire activity was found to be linked to biomass through temperature variability. The biofuel dominated by conifers induced high intensity fires in the last glacial, and herbs contributed more to the high fire frequency over the mid‐late Holocene. With predicted future rising temperatures, increased vegetation cover and extreme climate events may increase the fire risk in the region.
Clinicians’ view on the management of oral health in Parkinson’s disease patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Verhoeff Merel C. , Thymi Magdalini , Brandwijk Arnoud N. , Heres Mark S. , Koutris Michail , Berendse Henk W. , van Dijk Karin D. , Lobbezoo Frank
Published: May 2023

Background

due to numerous motor and non-motor symptoms, dental treatment in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) can be challenging. Knowledge regarding optimal management of oral health in PD patients is lacking.

Aim

to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences of dentists regarding oral health care for PD patients in the Netherlands.

Material and method

semi-structured interviews were conducted with (specialized) dentists working with PD patients. A thematic analysis was performed using a framework-based approach.

Results

ten dentists were interviewed. They reported that dental care in PD patients requires 1) adaptation of timing and length of treatments and consultations, and 2) intensifying preventive measures. Dentists experienced the organization as bureaucratic and difficult. Moreover, differences between being institutionalized or living at home were present. Education and research are needed to improve PD patients’ oral health. The experience level and affinity for treating PD patients positively influences confidence levels of the practitioner. Finally, points of improvement were suggested.

Conclusion

managing oral health in PD patients is challenging, and interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to overcome difficulties. Reducing the bureaucratic burden and improving knowledge could help and stimulate oral health care providers to treat PD patients more effectively and, consequently, improve their oral health.
Comparison of the 2022 and 2017 European LeukemiaNet risk classifications in a real-life cohort of the PETHEMA group
Authors: Sargas Claudia , Ayala Rosa , Larráyoz María J. , Chillón María C. , Rodriguez-Arboli Eduardo , Bilbao Cristina , Prados de la Torre Esther , Martínez-Cuadrón David , Rodríguez-Veiga Rebeca , Boluda Blanca , Gil Cristina , Bernal Teresa , Bergua Juan , Algarra Lorenzo , Tormo Mar , Martínez-Sánchez Pilar , Soria Elena , Serrano Josefina , Alonso-Dominguez Juan M. , García Raimundo , Amigo María Luz , Herrera-Puente Pilar , Sayas María J. , Lavilla-Rubira Esperanza , Martínez-López Joaquín , Calasanz María J. , García-Sanz Ramón , Pérez-Simón José A. , Gómez Casares María T. , Sánchez-García Joaquín , Barragán Eva , Montesinos Pau ,   PETHEMA cooperative study group, Prados de la Torre Esther
Published: May 2023

Next-Generation Sequencing is needed for the accurate genetic risk stratification of acute myeloid leukemia according to European LeukemiaNet (ELN) guidelines. We validated and compared the 2022 ELN risk classification in a real-life cohort of 546 intensively and 379 non-intensively treated patients. Among fit patients, those aged ≥65 years old showed worse OS than younger regardless risk classification. Compared with the 2017 classification, 14.5% of fit patients changed the risk with the 2022 classification, increasing the high-risk group from 44.3% to 51.8%. 3.7% and 0.9% FLT3-ITD mutated patients were removed from the favorable and adverse 2017 categories respectively to 2022 intermediate risk group. We suggest that midostaurin therapy could be a predictor for 3 years OS (85.2% with vs. 54.8% without midostaurin, P = 0.04). Forty-seven (8.6%) patients from the 2017 intermediate group were assigned to the 2022 adverse-risk group as they harbored myelodysplasia (MDS)-related mutations. Patients with one MDS-related mutation did not reach median OS, while patients with ≥2 mutations had 13.6 months median OS (P = 0.002). Patients with TP53 ± complex karyotype or inv(3) had a dismal prognosis (7.1 months median OS). We validate the prognostic utility of the 2022 ELN classification in a real-life setting providing supportive evidences to improve risk stratification guidelines.
A first-in-class inhibitor of Hsp110 molecular chaperones of pathogenic fungi
Authors: Hu Liqing , Sun Cancan , Kidd Justin M. , Han Jizhong , Fang Xianjun , Li Hongtao , Liu Qingdai , May Aaron E. , Li Qianbin , Zhou Lei , Liu Qinglian
Published: May 2023

Proteins of the Hsp110 family are molecular chaperones that play important roles in protein homeostasis in eukaryotes. The pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, which causes infections in humans, has a single Hsp110, termed Msi3. Here, we provide proof-of-principle evidence supporting fungal Hsp110s as targets for the development of new antifungal drugs. We identify a pyrazolo[3,4-b] pyridine derivative, termed HLQ2H (or 2H), that inhibits the biochemical and chaperone activities of Msi3, as well as the growth and viability of C. albicans. Moreover, the fungicidal activity of 2H correlates with its inhibition of in vivo protein folding. We propose 2H and related compounds as promising leads for development of new antifungals and as pharmacological tools for the study of the molecular mechanisms and functions of Hsp110s.
Ising superconductivity induced from spin-selective valley symmetry breaking in twisted trilayer graphene
Authors: González J. , Stauber T.
Published: May 2023

We show that the e-e interaction induces a strong breakdown of valley symmetry for each spin channel in twisted trilayer graphene, leading to a ground state where the two spin projections have opposite sign of the valley symmetry breaking order parameter. This leads to a spin-valley locking in which the electrons of a Cooper pair are forced to live on different Fermi lines attached to opposite valleys. Furthermore, we find an effective intrinsic spin-orbit coupling explaining the protection of the superconductivity against in-plane magnetic fields. The effect of spin-selective valley symmetry breaking is validated as it reproduces the experimental observation of the reset of the Hall density at 2-hole doping. It also implies a breakdown of the symmetry of the bands from C6 to C3, with an enhancement of the anisotropy of the Fermi lines which is at the origin of a Kohn-Luttinger (pairing) instability. The isotropy of the bands is gradually recovered, however, when the Fermi level approaches the bottom of the second valence band, explaining why the superconductivity fades away in the doping range beyond 3 holes per moiré unit cell in twisted trilayer graphene.
Evolution of antibody immunity following Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection
Authors: Kaku Chengzi I. , Starr Tyler N. , Zhou Panpan , Dugan Haley L. , Khalifé Paul , Song Ge , Champney Elizabeth R. , Mielcarz Daniel W. , Geoghegan James C. , Burton Dennis R. , Andrabi Raiees , Bloom Jesse D. , Walker Laura M.
Published: May 2023

Understanding the longitudinal dynamics of antibody immunity following heterologous SAR-CoV-2 breakthrough infection will inform the development of next-generation vaccines. Here, we track SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody responses up to six months following Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection in six mRNA-vaccinated individuals. Cross-reactive serum neutralizing antibody and memory B cell (MBC) responses decline by two- to four-fold through the study period. Breakthrough infection elicits minimal de novo Omicron BA.1-specific B cell responses but drives affinity maturation of pre-existing cross-reactive MBCs toward BA.1, which translates into enhanced breadth of activity across other variants. Public clones dominate the neutralizing antibody response at both early and late time points following breakthough infection, and their escape mutation profiles predict newly emergent Omicron sublineages, suggesting that convergent antibody responses continue to shape SARS-CoV-2 evolution. While the study is limited by our relatively small cohort size, these results suggest that heterologous SARS-CoV-2 variant exposure drives the evolution of B cell memory, supporting the continued development of next-generation variant-based vaccines.
Probing the topologically trivial nature of end states in antiferromagnetic atomic chains on superconductors
Authors: Schneider Lucas , Beck Philip , Rózsa Levente , Posske Thore , Wiebe Jens , Wiesendanger Roland
Published: May 2023

Spin chains proximitized by s-wave superconductors are predicted to enter a mini-gapped phase with topologically protected Majorana modes (MMs) localized at their ends. However, the presence of non-topological end states mimicking MM properties can hinder their unambiguous observation. Here, we report on a direct method to exclude the non-local nature of end states via scanning tunneling spectroscopy by introducing a locally perturbing defect on one of the chain’s ends. We apply this method to particular end states observed in antiferromagnetic spin chains within a large minigap, thereby proving their topologically trivial character. A minimal model shows that, while wide trivial minigaps hosting end states are easily achieved in antiferromagnetic spin chains, unrealistically large spin-orbit coupling is required to drive the system into a topologically gapped phase with MMs. The methodology of perturbing candidate topological edge modes in future experiments is a powerful tool to probe their stability against local disorder.
Modelling the impact of interventions on imported, introduced and indigenous malaria infections in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Das Aatreyee M. , Hetzel Manuel W. , Yukich Joshua O. , Stuck Logan , Fakih Bakar S. , Al-mafazy Abdul-wahid H. , Ali Abdullah , Chitnis Nakul
Published: May 2023

Malaria cases can be classified as imported, introduced or indigenous cases. The World Health Organization’s definition of malaria elimination requires an area to demonstrate that no new indigenous cases have occurred in the last three years. Here, we present a stochastic metapopulation model of malaria transmission that distinguishes between imported, introduced and indigenous cases, and can be used to test the impact of new interventions in a setting with low transmission and ongoing case importation. We use human movement and malaria prevalence data from Zanzibar, Tanzania, to parameterise the model. We test increasing the coverage of interventions such as reactive case detection; implementing new interventions including reactive drug administration and treatment of infected travellers; and consider the potential impact of a reduction in transmission on Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. We find that the majority of new cases on both major islands of Zanzibar are indigenous cases, despite high case importation rates. Combinations of interventions that increase the number of infections treated through reactive case detection or reactive drug administration can lead to substantial decreases in malaria incidence, but for elimination within the next 40 years, transmission reduction in both Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania is necessary.
Cross-disorder genetic analysis of immune diseases reveals distinct gene associations that converge on common pathways
Authors: Demela Pietro , Pirastu Nicola , Soskic Blagoje
Published: May 2023

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped thousands of susceptibility loci associated with immune-mediated diseases. To assess the extent of the genetic sharing across nine immune-mediated diseases we apply genomic structural equation modelling to GWAS data from European populations. We identify three disease groups: gastrointestinal tract diseases, rheumatic and systemic diseases, and allergic diseases. Although loci associated with the disease groups are highly specific, they converge on perturbing the same pathways. Finally, we test for colocalization between loci and single-cell eQTLs derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We identify the causal route by which 46 loci predispose to three disease groups and find evidence for eight genes being candidates for drug repurposing. Taken together, here we show that different constellations of diseases have distinct patterns of genetic associations, but that associated loci converge on perturbing different nodes in T cell activation and signalling pathways.
[2,2] Paracyclophanes-based double helicates for constructing artificial light-harvesting systems and white LED device
Authors: Lian Zhe , He Jing , Liu Lin , Fan Yanqing , Chen Xuebo , Jiang Hua
Published: May 2023

The construction of efficient artificial light-harvesting systems (ALHSs) is of vital importance in utilizing solar energy. Herein, we report the non-covalent syntheses of double helicatesPCP-TPy1/2andRp,Rp-PCP-TPy1/2by metal-coordination interaction and their applications in ALHSs and white light-emitting diode (LED) device. All double helicates exhibit significant aggregation-induced emission in tetrahydrofuran/water (1:9, v/v) solvent. The aggregated double helicates can be used to construct one-step or sequential ALHSs with fluorescent dyes Eosin Y (EsY) and Nile red (NiR) with the energy transfer efficiency up to 89.3%. Impressively, the PMMA film ofPCP-TPy1shows white-light emission when doped 0.075% NiR, the solid of double helicates (Rp,Rp-)PCP-TPy2can be used as the additive of a blue LED bulb to achieve white-light emission. In this work, we provided a general method for the preparation of novel double helicates and explored their applications in ALHSs and fluorescent materials, which will promote future construction and application of helicates as emissive devices.
Genetically prolonged beige fat in male mice confers long-lasting metabolic health
Authors: Wu Ruifan , Park Jooman , Qian Yanyu , Shi Zuoxiao , Hu Ruoci , Yuan Yexian , Xiong Shaolei , Wang Zilai , Yan Gege , Ong Sang-Ging , Song Qing , Song Zhenyuan , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Xu Pingwen , He Congcong , Arpke Robert W. , Kyba Michael , Shu Gang , Jiang Qingyan , Jiang Yuwei
Published: May 2023

A potential therapeutic target to curb obesity and diabetes is thermogenic beige adipocytes. However, beige adipocytes quickly transition into white adipocytes upon removing stimuli. Here, we define the critical role of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (Cdkn2a) as a molecular pedal for the beige-to-white transition. Beige adipocytes lacking Cdkn2a exhibit prolonged lifespan, and male mice confer long-term metabolic protection from diet-induced obesity, along with enhanced energy expenditure and improved glucose tolerance. Mechanistically, Cdkn2a promotes the expression and activity of beclin 1 (BECN1) by directly binding to its mRNA and its negative regulator BCL2 like 1 (BCL2L1), activating autophagy and accelerating the beige-to-white transition. Reactivating autophagy by pharmacological or genetic methods abolishes beige adipocyte maintenance induced by Cdkn2a ablation. Furthermore, hyperactive BECN1 alone accelerates the beige-to-white transition in mice and human. Notably, both Cdkn2a and Becn1 exhibit striking positive correlations with adiposity. Hence, blocking Cdkn2a-mediated BECN1 activity holds therapeutic potential to sustain beige adipocytes in treating obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Prediction and experimental validation approach to improve performance of novel hybrid bio-inspired 3D printed lattice structures using artificial neural networks
Authors: Doodi Ramakrishna , Gunji Bala Murali
Published: May 2023

Novel Cellular lattice structures with lightweight designs are gaining more interest in the automobile and aerospace sectors. Additive manufacturing technologies have focused on designing and manufacturing cellular structures in recent years, increasing the versatility of these structures because of the significant benefits like high strength-to-weight ratio. In this research, a novel hybrid type of cellular lattice structure is designed, bio-inspired from the circular patterns seen in the bamboo tree structure and the overlapping patterns found on the dermal layers of fish-like species. The unit lattice cell with varied overlapping areas with a unit cell wall thickness of 0.4 to 0.6 mm. Fusion 360 software models the lattice structures with a constant volume of 40 × 40 × 40 mm. Utilizing the stereolithography (SLA) process and a vat polymerization type three-dimensional printing equipment is used to fabricate the 3D printed specimens. A quasi-static compression test was carried out on all 3D printed specimens, and the energy absorption capacity of each structure was calculated. Machine learning technique like the Artificial neural network (ANN) with Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm (ANN-LM) was applied to the present research to predict the energy absorption of the lattice structure with parameters such as overlapping area, wall thickness, and size of the unit cell. The k-fold cross-validation technique was applied in the training phase to get the best training results. Overall, the results obtained using the ANN tool are validated and can be a favourable tool for lattice energy prediction with available data.
Overexpression of GRK2 in vascular smooth muscle leads to inappropriate hypertension and acute heart failure as in clinical scenario 1
Authors: Yano Hiroki , Onoue Kenji , Tokinaga Shiho , Ioka Tomoko , Ishihara Satomi , Hashimoto Yukihiro , Nakada Yasuki , Nakagawa Hitoshi , Ueda Tomoya , Seno Ayako , Nishida Taku , Watanabe Makoto , Saito Yoshihiko
Published: May 2023

Clinical scenario 1 (CS1) is acute heart failure (HF) characterized by transient systolic blood pressure (SBP) elevation and pulmonary congestion. Although it is managed by vasodilators, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. The sympathetic nervous system plays a key role in HF, and desensitization of cardiac β-adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling due to G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) upregulation is known. However, vascular β-AR signaling that regulates cardiac afterload remains unelucidated in HF. We hypothesized that upregulation of vascular GRK2 leads to pathological conditions similar to CS1. GRK2 was overexpressed in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) of normal adult male mice by peritoneally injected adeno-associated viral vectors driven by the myosin heavy chain 11 promoter. Upregulation of GRK2 in VSM of GRK2 overexpressing mice augmented the absolute increase in SBP (+ 22.5 ± 4.3 mmHg vs. + 36.0 ± 4.0 mmHg, P < 0.01) and lung wet weight (4.28 ± 0.05 mg/g vs. 4.76 ± 0.15 mg/g, P < 0.01) by epinephrine as compared to those in control mice. Additionally, the expression of brain natriuretic peptide mRNA was doubled in GRK2 overexpressing mice as compared to that in control mice (P < 0.05). These findings were similar to CS1. GRK2 overexpression in VSM may cause inappropriate hypertension and HF, as in CS1.
Effect of basal metabolic rate on lifespan: a sex-specific Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ng Jack C. M. , Schooling C. Mary
Published: May 2023

Observationally, the association of basal metabolic rate (BMR) with mortality is mixed, although some ageing theories suggest that higher BMR should reduce lifespan. It remains unclear whether a causal association exists. In this one-sample Mendelian randomization study, we aimed to estimate the casual effect of BMR on parental attained age, a proxy for lifespan, using two-sample Mendelian randomization methods. We obtained genetic variants strongly (p-value < 5 × 10–8) and independently (r2 < 0.001) predicting BMR from the UK Biobank and applied them to a genome-wide association study of parental attained age based on the UK Biobank. We meta-analyzed genetic variant-specific Wald ratios using inverse-variance weighting with multiplicative random effects by sex, supplemented by sensitivity analysis. A total of 178 and 180 genetic variants predicting BMR in men and women were available for father’s and mother’s attained age, respectively. Genetically predicted BMR was inversely associated with father’s and mother’s attained age (years of life lost per unit increase in effect size of genetically predicted BMR, 0.46 and 1.36; 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.85 and 0.89–1.82), with a stronger association in women than men. In conclusion, higher BMR might reduce lifespan. The underlying pathways linking to major causes of death and relevant interventions warrant further investigation.
Fuel, cost, energy efficiency and CO2 emission performance of PCM integrated wood fiber composite phase change material at different climates
Authors: Frahat Nour Bassim , Ustaoglu Abid , Gencel Osman , Sarı Ahmet , Hekimoğlu Gökhan , Yaras Ali , del Coz Díaz Juan José
Published: May 2023

Wood fiber is a great potential supportive material for creating a new composite the phase change materials (PCM) due to its beneficial qualities, including high sorption competency, low density, enviro -friendliness, economic effectiveness, and chemical inertness. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of using the wood fiber/eutectic mixture of stearic and capric acid on the fuel, cost, and carbon emission-saving potentials for various PCM cases. Which experiences a phase transition within the thermally pleasant temperature range of buildings, used for the building's thermal energy storing purposes and consumption cost saving. The energy performance analysis was carried out for buildings incorporated with stearic and capric acid eutectic mixture of PCM with wood fiber-based insulation material (INS) in different climate regions. The results showed that the largest energy-saving capacity belongs to PCM5. The energy saving reaches 52.7% for PCM5 for a thickness of 0.1 m. The PCM1, PCM2, PCM3, PCM4 can provide energy saving rates of 23.5%, 34.3%, 44.7% and 50.5%, respectively. INS-PCM5 can provide about 1.74-, 1.5-, and 1.33 times larger cost savings than INS in 2nd, 3rd, and 4th regions for all fuels. The payback period varies between 0.37 and 5.81 years regarding the fuel and Region. Finally, the results indicate that the proposed composite provided a promising energy-saving potential in building applications by reducing.
The intentions of information sources can affect what information people think qualifies as true
Authors: Handley-Miner Isaac J. , Pope Michael , Atkins Richard Kenneth , Jones-Jang S. Mo , McKaughan Daniel J. , Phillips Jonathan , Young Liane
Published: May 2023

The concept of truth is at the core of science, journalism, law, and many other pillars of modern society. Yet, given the imprecision of natural language, deciding what information should count as true is no easy task, even with access to the ground truth. How do people decide whether a given claim of fact qualifies as true or false? Across two studies (N = 1181; 16,248 observations), participants saw claims of fact alongside the ground truth about those claims. Participants classified each claim as true or false. Although participants knew precisely how accurate the claims were, participants classified claims as false more often when they judged the information source to be intending to deceive (versus inform) their audience, and classified claims as true more often when they judged the information source to be intending to provide an approximate (versus precise) account. These results suggest that, even if people have access to the same set of facts, they might disagree about the truth of claims if they attribute discrepant intentions to information sources. Such findings may shed light on the robust and persistent disagreements over claims of fact that have arisen in the “post-truth era”.
A multi-center, prospective cohort study of whole blood gene expression in the tuberculosis-diabetes interaction
Authors: Queiroz Artur T. L. , Vinhaes Caian L. , Fukutani Eduardo R. , Gupte Akshay N. , Kumar Nathella Pavan , Fukutani Kiyoshi F. , Arriaga María B. , Sterling Timothy R. , Babu Subash , Gaikwad Sanjay , Karyakarte Rajesh , Mave Vidya , Paradhkar Mandar , Viswanathan Vijay , Gupta Amita , Andrade Bruno B. , Kornfeld Hardy ,   the RePORT Brazil, Andrade Alice M. S. , Figueiredo Marina C. , Nascimento Vanessa , Cubillos-Angulo Juan Manuel , Malta-Santos Hayna , Rebouças-Silva Jéssica , Gomes-Silva Adriano , Santos Saulo R. N. , Ramos André , Brito Pedro , Schmaltz Carolina A. S. , Costa Alysson G. , Garcia Leandro Sousa , de Sousa Carvalho Brenda K. , de Loiola Bruna P. , Ignácio Francine P. , Lourenço Maria C. , Silva Elisangela C. , Mello Mayla , Souza Alexandra B. , Rocha Michael S. , Benjamin Aline , Moreira Adriana S. R. , de Oliveira Jamile G. , Cavalcante Solange , Durovni Betina , Cordeiro-Santos Marcelo , Kristki Afrânio L. , Rolla Valeria C. , Lapa-e-Silva José R. ,   RePORT India Consortia, West Kim , Kulkami Vandana , Gupte Nikhil
Published: May 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases tuberculosis (TB) severity. We compared blood gene expression in adults with pulmonary TB, with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) from sites in Brazil and India. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) performed at baseline and during TB treatment. Publicly available baseline RNAseq data from South Africa and Romania reported by the TANDEM Consortium were also analyzed. Across the sites, differentially expressed genes varied for each condition (DM, TB, and TBDM) and no pattern classified any one group across all sites. A concise signature of TB disease was identified but this was expressed equally in TB and TBDM. Pathway enrichment analysis failed to distinguish TB from TBDM, although there was a trend for greater neutrophil and innate immune pathway activation in TBDM participants. Pathways associated with insulin resistance, metabolic dysfunction, diabetic complications, and chromosomal instability were positively correlated with glycohemoglobin. The immune response to pulmonary TB as reflected by whole blood gene expression is substantially similar with or without comorbid DM. Gene expression pathways associated with the microvascular and macrovascular complications of DM are upregulated during TB, supporting a syndemic interaction between these coprevalent diseases.
Studying the concentration of polymers in blended microplastics using 2D and 3D Raman mapping
Authors: Lotfi Choobbari Mehrdad , Ferguson Jennifer , Van den Brande Niko , Smith Tim , Chalyan Tatevik , Meulebroeck Wendy , Ottevaere Heidi
Published: May 2023

The combination of different polymers in the form of blended plastics has been used in the plastic industry for a long time. Nevertheless, analyses of microplastics (MPs) have been mainly limited to the study of particles made of single-type polymers. Accordingly, two members of the Polyolefins (POs) family, i.e., Polypropylene (PP) and Low-density Polyethylene (LDPE) are blended and extensively studied in this work due to their applications in industry as well as abundance in the environment. It is shown that 2-D Raman mapping only provides information about the surface of blended MPs (B-MPs). While complimentary 3-D volume analysis is needed to fully understand the presence of various polymers in such complex samples. Therefore, 3-D Raman mapping is applied to visualize the morphology of the distribution of polymers within the B-MPs together with the quantitative estimation of their concentrations. A parameter defined as the concentration estimate error (CEE) evaluates the precision of the quantitative analysis. Furthermore, the impact of four excitation wavelengths 405, 532, 633, and 785 nm is investigated on the obtained results. Finally, the application of a line-shaped laser beam profile (line-focus) is introduced for reducing the measurement time from 56 to 2 h.
A PSII photosynthetic control is activated in anoxic cultures of green algae following illumination
Authors: Milrad Yuval , Nagy Valéria , Elman Tamar , Fadeeva Maria , Tóth Szilvia Z. , Yacoby Iftach
Published: May 2023

Photosynthetic hydrogen production from microalgae is considered to have potential as a renewable energy source. Yet, the process has two main limitations holding it back from scaling up; (i) electron loss to competing processes, mainly carbon fixation and (ii) sensitivity to O2 which diminishes the expression and the activity of the hydrogenase enzyme catalyzing H2 production. Here we report a third, hitherto unknown challenge: We found that under anoxia, a slow-down switch is activated in photosystem II (PSII), diminishing the maximal photosynthetic productivity by three-fold. Using purified PSII and applying in vivo spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures, we show that this switch is activated under anoxia, within 10 s of illumination. Furthermore, we show that the recovery to the initial rate takes place following 15 min of dark anoxia, and propose a mechanism in which, modulation in electron transfer at the acceptor site of PSII diminishes its output. Such insights into the mechanism broaden our understanding of anoxic photosynthesis and its regulation in green algae and inspire new strategies to improve bio-energy yields.
Isolated PdO sites on SiO2-supported NiO nanoparticles as active sites for allylic alcohol selective oxidation
Authors: Ziarko Aleksandra , Slater Thomas J. A. , Isaacs Mark A. , Durndell Lee J. , Parlett Christopher M. A.
Published: May 2023

Silica-supported NiO nanoparticles as hosts for isolated PdO catalytic sites. Isolate PdO is confirmed as the species responsible for the chemoselective oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol to cinnamaldehyde by operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Generalizing property prediction of ionic liquids from limited labeled data: a one-stop framework empowered by transfer learning
Authors: Chen Guzhong , Song Zhen , Qi Zhiwen , Sundmacher Kai
Published: May 2023

We are introducing ILTransR, a transfer learning based one-stop framework to predict ionic liquid (IL) properties. High accuracy can be achieved by pre-training the model on millions of unlabeled data and fine-tuning on limited labeled data.
Synthesis and photothermal performance of non-stoichiometric molybdenum oxide (MoO3−x) prepared by gamma radiation
Authors: Lima Diane C. A. , Ferreira Aldebarã F. , Silva Stterferson E. , Alves Severino , Sousa Felipe L. N. , de Azevedo Walter M.
Published: May 2023

This work reports the interaction of γ-rays with MoO3 in several solvents to obtain non-stoichiometric (sub-oxide) MoO3−x through a one-pot synthesis.
Tuneable 2D surface Bismuth incorporation on InAs nanosheets
Authors: Benter Sandra , Liu Yi , Da Paixao Maciel Renan , Ong Chin Shen , Linnala Lassi , Pan Dong , Irish Austin , Liu Yen-Po , Zhao Jianhua , Xu Hongqi , Eriksson Olle , Timm Rainer , Mikkelsen Anders
Published: May 2023

First experimental study of 2D Bi incorporation into InAs WZ nanosheets in comparison to ZB bulk samples and DFT calculations.
Unprecedented atomic surface of silicon induced by environmentally friendly chemical mechanical polishing
Authors: Cui Xiangxiang , Zhang Zhenyu , Yu Shiqiang , Chen Xin , Shi Chunjing , Zhou Hongxiu , Meng Fanning , Yu Jiaxin , Wen Wei
Published: May 2023

Schematic diagram of the CMP polishing mechanism for silicon.
Degradable glycopolymers for saRNA transfection
Authors: Monaco Alessandra , Barbieri Beatriz Dias , Yilmaz Gokhan , Shattock Robin J. , Becer C. Remzi
Published: May 2023

Gene delivery is a powerful technique that is often exploited in the treatment of several diseases.
Activated carbons with extremely high surface area produced from cones, bark and wood using the same procedure
Authors: Li Gui , Iakunkov Artem , Boulanger Nicolas , Lazar Oana Andreea , Enachescu Marius , Grimm Alejandro , Talyzin Alexandr V.
Published: May 2023

Identical carbonization and KOH activation procedures result in very similar activated carbons with ultra-high BET surface area (up to ∼3500 m2 g−1) when applied to several types of precursors: pine, spruce, and larch cones, and bark/wood chips.
A facile strategy of using MoS2 quantum dots for fluorescence-based targeted detection of nitrobenzene
Authors: Sathyan Bhasha , Tomy Ann Mary , PM Neema , Cyriac Jobin
Published: May 2023

We present a simple approach for producing photoluminescent MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) using commercial MoS2 powder as a precursor along with NaOH and isopropanol.
Open-[60]fullerene–aniline conjugates with near-infrared absorption
Authors: Sadai Shumpei , Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Murata Yasujiro
Published: May 2023

Two open-[60]fullerene–aniline conjugates were synthesized, where the π-conjugation is connected by an imino or amino group, and found to exhibit absorption bands tailing to 1100 and 1200 nm, respectively.
Ganoderma lucidum bran-derived blue-emissive and green-emissive carbon dots for detection of copper ions
Authors: Wang Baoying , Lan Jingming , Ou Junjie , Bo Chunmiao , Gong Bolin
Published: May 2023

Ganoderma lucidum bran (GB) has a broad application prospect in the preparation of activated carbon, livestock feed, and biogas, but the preparation of carbon dots (CDs) from GB has never been reported.
A biphasic batch and continuous flow synthesis of hydrophobic gold and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Distaso Monica , Peukert Wolfgang
Published: May 2023

Batch and continuous synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles functionalized with oleylamine (OLA) and oleic acid (OLAC) is realized through a modified one-step Brust–Schiffrin approach. The phase transfer mechanism is elucidated for both metals.
Air-stable four-coordinate cobalt(ii) single-ion magnets: experimental and ab initio ligand field analyses of correlations between dihedral angles and magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Gupta Sandeep K. , Rao Shashank V. , Demeshko Serhiy , Dechert Sebastian , Bill Eckhard , Atanasov Mihail , Neese Frank , Meyer Franc
Published: May 2023

Magneto-structural correlations for air-stable four-coordinate Co(ii) complexes reveal the dependence of magnetic properties on the dihedral twist angle and establish valuable design guidelines for achieving high magnetic anisotropy.
Photoredox radical/polar crossover enables C–H gem-difunctionalization of 1,3-benzodioxoles for the synthesis of monofluorocyclohexenes
Authors: Tian Jiabao , Zhou Lei
Published: May 2023

A sequential C–H gem-difunctionalization of 1,3-benzodioxoles with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes and electron-deficient alkenes in a redox-neutral radical polar crossover manifold have been developed for the synthesis of monofluorocyclohexenes.
Polarizing agents for efficient high field DNP solid-state NMR spectroscopy under magic-angle spinning: from design principles to formulation strategies
Authors: Menzildjian Georges , Schlagnitweit Judith , Casano Gilles , Ouari Olivier , Gajan David , Lesage Anne
Published: May 2023

More than two decades of research have established fundamental principles for the rational design of increasingly efficient polarization sources for DNP MAS NMR.
A distributed control method for flexible robotic fish based on PDE
Authors: Yan Xiao , Ma Yue
Published: May 2023

At present, research on flexible robotic fish has become a hot topic. Here, a novel dynamic model of flexible robotic fish is established, and a new control method for flexible robotic fish is proposed. Based on the Hamilton principle, the dynamic model of the flexible robotic fish is established by a partial differential equation, which obtains the relationship between the motion law and the force of the flexible robotic fish. The proposed control method produces the practical motion of flexible robotic fish along with any reference motion of flexible robotic fish, and it is proven that the attitude error is stable in a certain range by using the Lyapunov direct method and simulation. Control parameters are explored to reflect the influence on the control effect. For robotic fish, simulation results indicate that the proposed method can generate more than 10% greater propulsive force than some kinds of traditional control methods and improve the forward propelling efficiency of robotic fish.
A new optimal energy management strategy of microgrids using chaotic map‐based chameleon swarm algorithm
Authors: Ren Huiting , Hou Xuemei , Jia Zhichun , Mashhadi Arsam
Published: May 2023

This study provides an optimal and efficient energy management strategy (EMS) for the cost‐effective performance of a combined solar and green energy microgrid in both independent and grid‐connected modes. A microgrid is formed by the system that includes a fuel cell (FC), a battery storage (BS), and a photovoltaic system (PV). Evidently, the unguaranteed features of the renewable energy and load electricity generate instability problems as well as economic ones, like operational expenses. To tackle these issues, a novel procedure is proposed that has been improved by a modified metaheuristic algorithm, called chaotic map‐based chameleon Swarm Algorithm (CCSA). In this method, the simulation is based on a one‐day planning perspective. The method aims to supply the power requirements of the load at the lowest possible cost under a constant DC bus voltage, protect the battery from overcharging and depletion, and improve the efficiency of the total system. To illustrate the suggested method's effectiveness, the simulation results of CCSA are compared with some studied methods in the literature, including GAMS, bald eagle search optimization algorithm (BEOA), original chameleon swarm algorithm (CSA), and grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWOA).
Amplitude-dependent modal coefficients accounting for localized nonlinear losses in a time-domain integration of woodwind model
Authors: Szwarcberg Nathan , Colinot Tom , Vergez Christophe , Jousserand Michaël
Published: May 2023

This article develops the design of a sound synthesis model of a woodwind instrument by modal decomposition of the input impedance, taking into account viscothermal losses as well as localized nonlinear losses at the end of the resonator. This formalism has already been applied by Diab et al. [Journal of Sound and Vibration 528 (2022) 116892] to the study of forced systems. It is now implemented for self-oscillating systems. The employed method extends the definition of the input impedance to the nonlinear domain by adding a dependance on the RMS acoustic velocity at a geometric discontinuity. The poles and residues resulting from the modal decomposition are fitted as a function of this velocity. Thus, the pressure-flow relation defined by the resonator is completed by new equations which account for the dependence with the velocity at the end of the tube. To assess the ability of the model to reproduce a real phenomenon, comparisons with the experimental results of Atig et al. [PhD thesis, Université du Maine (2004)] and Dalmont and Frappé [Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 122(2) (2007) 1173–1179] were carried out. Simulations show that the model reproduces these experimental results qualitatively and quantitatively.