bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Surface Current by Quantum Tunneling Effect of Thin Film Transistors with Topological Insulators
Authors: Oh Teresa
Published: June 2020

Dirac insulator and Weyl conductors have different semiconductor structures. A Dirac insulator is a SiOC insulated thin film, and a Weyl conductor consists of transistors with different semiconductor structures combining channels with SiOC insulated films. The transfer characteristics of transistors were investigated in this study. The difference between Dirac insulators and Weyl conductors is the same as the difference between transistors without channels and transistors with channels. Transistors without channels exhibit bidirectional transmission characteristics due to the spin currents of the Dirac insulators. By contrast, transistors with channels display unidirectional transmission characteristics consistent with the movement of the charges in the channels. This unidirectional transmission characteristic results in an existence of the threshold voltage and leakage current.
Transcriptome analyses suggest that changes in fungal endophyte lifestyle could be involved in grapevine bud necrosis
Authors: Ribeiro Thales Henrique Cherubino , Fernandes-Brum Christiane Noronha , de Souza Claudia Rita , Dias Frederico Alcantara Novelli , Almeida-Junior Osmar de , Regina Murilo de Albuquerque , de Oliveira Kellen Kauanne Pimenta , dos Reis Gabriel Lasmar , Oliveira Larissa Maia , Fernandes Fernanda de Paula , Torregrosa Laurent , de Souza Jorge Teodoro , Chalfun-Junior Antonio
Published: June 2020

Bud necrosis (BN) is a common disorder that affectsVitis viniferaL. and reduces its potential yield. To minimize the losses caused by BN, the double pruning management was applied in Brazilian Southeast vineyards. In this management strategy plants are pruned at the winter to promote a vegetative cycle and then, at summer, to promote the reproductive cycle at optimal environmental conditions. To investigate the relationship of BN and the double pruning management RNA-seq libraries were sequenced from healthy and necrotic tissues at four different stages of the year. The comparison of differentially expressed genes in necrotic and non-necrotic tissues showed an enhanced expression of genes related to cell death possibly induced by endophytic microorganisms in the necrotic tissues. Thede novoassembly, characterization and quantification of transcripts within the RNA-seq libraries showed that genes from the endophytic fungusAlternaria alternata, responsible for the production of toxic compounds were highly expressed under BN. Here we propose a model in which unfavorable conditions and reduced carbohydrate levels in buds can promote the switch from a biotrophic lifestyle to a necrotrophic lifestyle in the endophytic fungi, which seems to be involved in the development of BN.
Author Correction: Identification of Novel Clinically Relevant Variants in 70 Southern Chinese patients with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection by Next-generation Sequencing
Authors: Fang Miaoxian , Yu Changjiang , Chen Siyao , Xiong Weiping , Li Xin , Zeng Rong , Zhuang Jian , Fan Ruixin
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Hyperprogression under Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor: a potential role for germinal immunogenetics
Authors: Refae Sadal , Gal Jocelyn , Brest Patrick , Giacchero Damien , Borchiellini Delphine , Ebran Nathalie , Peyrade Frederic , Guigay Joël , Milano Gérard , Saada-Bouzid Esma
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Carbon dioxide stimulates lake primary production
Authors: Hamdan Mohammed , Byström Pär , Hotchkiss Erin R. , Al-Haidarey Mohammed J. , Ask Jenny , Karlsson Jan
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A Low-Interference, High-Resolution Multianalyte Electrochemical Biosensor
Authors: Melow Sara , Miller Dusty Rose , Gizzie Evan A , Cliffel David E
Published: June 2020

Electrochemical sensors are used by millions of patients and health care providers every year, yet these measurements are thwarted by compounds that also exhibit inherent redox activity. Acetaminophen (APAP) is...
The formation of a chiral supramolecular structure acting as a template for chirality transfer
Authors: Kurata Misaki , Yoshizawa Atsushi
Published: June 2020

Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking in self-assembled achiral trimers under a nonequilibrium state induces supramolecular chirality, which is amplified to produce a homochiral material acting as a template for chirality transfer.
Differential diagnosis of hereditary hemolytic anemias in a single multiscreening test by TGA/chemometrics
Authors: Risoluti Roberta , Caprari Patrizia , Gullifa Giuseppina , Sorrentino Francesco , Maffei Laura , Massimi Sara , Carcassi Elena , Materazzi Stefano
Published: June 2020

A multi-screening test based on the coupling of thermogravimetry and chemometrics was optimized for the differential diagnosis of hereditary hemolytic anemias.
A dinuclear Mo2H8 complex supported by bulky C5H2tBu3 ligands
Authors: Ohki Yasuhiro , Ishihara Kodai , Yaoi Moeko , Tada Mizuki , Sameera W. M. C. , Cramer Roger E.
Published: June 2020

A simple dinuclear hydride complex consisting of only Mo, hydrides, and cyclopentadienyl ligands was synthesized and tested for benzene activation.
First-principles study on the selective hydrogenation of the CO and CC bonds of acrolein on Pt–M–Pt (M = Pt, Cu, Ni, Co) surfaces
Authors: Fan Ting , Sun Mingying , Ji Yongfei
Published: June 2020

Selective hydrogenation of the CO and CC bonds of acrolein on Pt–M–Pt (M = Pt, Cu, Ni, Co) surfaces has been investigated with first-principles calculations to understand the trends of the activity and selectivity of the reaction.
Shining light on the solid–liquid interface:in situ/operandomonitoring of surface catalysis
Authors: Negahdar Leila , Parlett Christopher M. A. , Isaacs Mark A. , Beale Andrew M. , Wilson Karen , Lee Adam F.
Published: June 2020

Many industrially important chemical transformations occur at the interface between a solid catalyst and liquid reactants.In situandoperandospectroscopies offer unique insight into the reactivity of such catalytically active solid–liquid interfaces.
Theoretical elucidation of the multi-functional synthetic methodology for switchable Ni(0)-catalyzed C–H allylations, alkenylations and dienylations with allenes
Authors: Liu Yuxia , Wang Kaifeng , Ling Baoping , Chen Guang , Li Yulin , Liu Lingjun , Bi Siwei
Published: June 2020

The mechanisms and origins of switchable Ni(0)-catalyzed C–H allylations, alkenylations and dienylations with allenes are theoretically elucidated.
Rapid characterization of arsenic adsorption on single magnetite nanoparticles by collisions at microelectrodes
Authors: Hosseini Narouei Farideh , Andreescu Daniel , Andreescu Silvana
Published: June 2020

A rapid and inexpensive method to analyze redox properties of magnetite nanoparticles and quantify arsenic adsorption by single particle collision electrochemistry.
Stabilization and delivery of bioavailable nanosized iron by fish sperm DNA
Authors: Li Shiyang , Zhang Jiayou , Miao Yu , Guo Wei , Feng Guangxin , Feng Yinong , Zhang Caili , Wu Haohao , Zeng Mingyong
Published: June 2020

Nanosized iron is a promising candidate as an iron fortificant due to its good solubility and bioavailability.
Development of a Corynebacterium glutamicum bio-factory for self-sufficient transaminase reactions
Authors: Grigoriou Stylianos , Kugler Pierre , Kulcinskaja Evelina , Walter Frederik , King John , Hill Phil , Wendisch Volker F. , O'Reilly Elaine
Published: June 2020

The development and application of a self-sufficient whole-cell system for transaminase biotransformations is described. The system relies on an engineered strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum that produces smart amine donors.
Dried droplet calibration approach for the analysis of inorganic nonmetallic materials by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
Authors: Guo Linqian , Li Qing , Chen Yirui , Zhang Guoxia , Xu Yisheng , Wang Zheng
Published: June 2020

A simple and general dried droplet calibration approach was developed for the quantitative analysis of elements in inorganic nonmetallic materials using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS).
Correction: Quantitative analyses of Mn, V, and Si elements in steels using a portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system based on a fiber laser
Authors: Zeng Qingdong , Guo Lianbo , Li Xiangyou , Shen Meng , Zhu Yining , Li Jiaming , Yang Xinyan , Li Kuohu , Duan Jun , Zeng Xiaoyan , Lu Yongfeng
Published: June 2020

Correction for ‘Quantitative analyses of Mn, V, and Si elements in steels using a portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system based on a fiber laser’ by Qingdong Zeng et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2016, 31, 767–772, DOI: 10.1039/C5JA00453E.
Correction: Discrimination of nasopharyngeal carcinoma serum using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with an extreme learning machine and random forest method
Authors: Chu Yanwu , Chen Tong , Chen Feng , Tang Yun , Tang Shisong , Jin Honglin , Guo Lianbo , Lu Yongfeng , Zeng Xiaoyan
Published: June 2020

Correction for ‘Discrimination of nasopharyngeal carcinoma serum using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with an extreme learning machine and random forest method’ by Yanwu Chu et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2018, 33, 2083–2088, DOI: 10.1039/C8JA00263K.
Introduction to molecular systems for sensing
Authors: Tanase Stefania , Tasiopoulos Anastasios J.
Published: June 2020

Stefania Tanase and Anastasios J. Tasiopoulos introduce the Molecular Systems Design & Engineering themed collection on molecular systems for sensing.
Binding of Fe(ii)-complex of phenanthroline appended glycoconjugate with DNA, plasmid and an agglutinin protein
Authors: Dinda Subrata Kumar , Polepalli Sirilata , Rao Chebrolu Pulla
Published: June 2020

A phenanthroline appended glycoconjugate and its Fe(ii) complex have been synthesized and characterized thoroughly. The Fe-complex interacts with DNA and WGA protein and alter their structures as studied by spectroscopy and microscopy.
Targeting and extending the eukaryotic druggable genome with natural products
Authors: Luesch Hendrik , MacMillan John B.
Published: June 2020

TheNatural Product Reportsthemed collection on targeting and extending the eukaryotic druggable genome with natural products is introduced by the Guest Editors, Hendrik Luesch and John B. MacMillan.
Boosting the lithium-ion and sodium-ion storage performances of pyrite by regulating the energy barrier of ion transport
Authors: Wang Jie , Qin Jinwen , Jiang Yan , Wang Xin , Cao Minhua
Published: June 2020

We optimized the ion transport dynamics of FeS2 by regulating the energy barrier of ion transport to achieve high-performance lithium-ion and sodium-ion storage.
Bimetallic MOF-derived hollow ZnNiC nano-boxes for efficient microwave absorption
Authors: Miao Peng , Cao Jianwei , Kong Jie , Li Jie , Wang Teng , Chen Kai-Jie
Published: June 2020

A hollow bimetallic metal organic framework was pyrolyzed to fabricate hollow ZnNiC nanocomposites for efficient microwave absorption.
Ligand & band gap engineering: tailoring the protocol synthesis for achieving high-quality CsPbI3 quantum dots
Authors: Hassanabadi Ehsan , Latifi Masoud , Gualdrón-Reyes Andrés. F. , Masi Sofia , Yoon Seog Joon , Poyatos Macarena , Julián-López Beatriz , Mora-Seró Iván
Published: June 2020

Hot-injection has become the most widespread method used for the synthesis of perovskite quantum dots (QDs) with enormous interest for application in optoelectronic devices.
Synthesis and optical properties of a Y3(Al/Ga)5O12:Ce3+,Cr3+,Nd3+ persistent luminescence nanophosphor: a promising near-infrared-II nanoprobe for biological applications
Authors: Wu Luyan , Hu Jie , Zou Qilin , Lin Yaling , Huang Decai , Chen Dejian , Lu Hongyu , Zhu Haomiao
Published: June 2020

Y3(Al/Ga)5O12:Ce3+,Cr3+,Nd3+ nanocrystals with strong persistent luminescence in the NIR-II spectral region, which are highly desired for bioimaging, have been synthesized by a salt microemulsion method.
Chirality-selected second-harmonic holography with phase and binary amplitude manipulation
Authors: Zhao Wenchao , Wang Kai , Hong Xuanmiao , Wang Bingxia , Han Xiaobo , Long Hua , Wang Bing , Lu Peixiang
Published: June 2020

High-quality chirality-selected second-harmonic holography is achieved based on a Au–WS2 interface by combining geometry phase and binary amplitude control.
Two dimensional ZIF-derived ultra-thin Cu–N/C nanosheets as high performance oxygen reduction electrocatalysts for high-performance Zn–air batteries
Authors: Guan Yi , Li Nan , Li Yongliang , Sun Lingna , Gao Yuan , Zhang Qianling , He Chuanxin , Liu Jianhong , Ren Xiangzhong
Published: June 2020

Cu–N–C active sites make a great contribution to the activity of 2D-ZIF derived electrocatalysts.
Correction: Characterisation of the magnetic response of nanoscale magnetic filaments in applied fields
Authors: Mostarac Deniz , Sánchez Pedro A. , Kantorovich Sofia
Published: June 2020

Correction for ‘Characterisation of the magnetic response of nanoscale magnetic filaments in applied fields’ by Deniz Mostarac et al., Nanoscale, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01646b.
Precise synthesis of double-armed polymers with fullerene C60 at the junction for controlled architecture
Authors: Sakakibara Keita , Wakiuchi Araki , Murata Yasujiro , Tsujii Yoshinobu
Published: June 2020

We report the first successful synthesis of the polymer-attached 1,2-hydrofullerene and the double-armed 1,4-bisadducts in a regioselective manner via controlled radical reactions.
Immobilized BiCl3@Bi@g-C3N4 on one-dimensional multi-channel carbon fibers as heterogeneous catalyst for efficient CO2 cycloaddition reaction
Authors: He Ruifang , Zhang Dongdong , Xu Guangran , Li Chunping , Bai Jie
Published: June 2020

A novel heterogeneous catalyst (BBCNC), where the Bi, BiCl3 and g-C3N4 were deposited on one-dimensional multi-channel carbon fibers (CNFs), was developed and characterized.
Correction: Influence of Zn and Co co-doping on oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysis at MOF-derived N-doped carbon electrodes
Authors: Yang Xiaobing , Chen Juan , Yang Weishen , Lin Hao , Luo Xuetao
Published: June 2020

Correction for ‘Influence of Zn and Co co-doping on oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysis at MOF-derived N-doped carbon electrodes’ by Xiaobing Yang et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2019, 6, 3475–3481, DOI: 10.1039/C9QI00334G.
Ru catalyst supported on nitrogen-doped nanotubes as high efficiency electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution in alkaline media
Authors: Liu Qinglei , Yang Lehao , Sun Peng , Liu Haigang , Zhao Jiahua , Ma Xiankun , Wang Yongfei , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: June 2020

Due to the potential application in the future energy conversion system, there is an increasing demand for efficient, stable and cheap platinum-free catalysts for hydrogen evolution.
Optimized Ni1−xAlxO hole transport layer for silicon solar cells
Authors: Halilov S. , Belayneh M. L. , Hossain M. A. , Abdallah A. A. , Hoex B. , Rashkeev S. N.
Published: June 2020

NiO alloyed with aluminum, Ni1−xAlxO, is analyzed in terms of its stoichiometry, electronic and transport properties, as well as interfacial band alignment with Si to evaluate its potential use as a hole transport layer (HTL) in p–i–n type solar cells.
Dense PVDF-type polymer-in-ceramic electrolytes for solid state lithium batteries
Authors: Wu Jiajie , Wu Xiaomeng , Wang Wenli , Wang Qian , Zhou Xiaoyu , Liu Yang , Guo Bingkun
Published: June 2020

Li7La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite electrolytes (LPCEs) with a high ceramic content up to 80 wt% have been developed.
Facile fabrication of hierarchical p-Ag2O/n-Nb2O5 heterojunction microspheres with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Ya , Han Pingfang , Jiang Yunxia
Published: June 2020

Constructing p–n heterojunction is an efficient strategy to improve the photocatalytic efficiency.
Hardware efficient quantum algorithms for vibrational structure calculations
Authors: Ollitrault Pauline J. , Baiardi Alberto , Reiher Markus , Tavernelli Ivano
Published: June 2020

We introduce a framework for the calculation of ground and excited state energies of bosonic systems suitable for near-term quantum devices and apply it to molecular vibrational anharmonic Hamiltonians.
Degenerate states, emergent dynamics and fluid mixing by magnetic rotors
Authors: Kawai Takuma , Matsunaga Daiki , Meng Fanlong , Yeomans Julia M. , Golestanian Ramin
Published: June 2020

We investigate the collective motion of magnetic rotors suspended in a viscous fluid under a uniform rotating magnetic field. We report there are three collective rotational patterns: synchronized, oscillating and chessboard patterns.
Effects of chain length and polydispersity on shear banding in simple shear flow of polymeric melts
Authors: Boudaghi-Khajehnobar Mahdi , Edwards Brian J. , Khomami Bamin
Published: June 2020

Transient and steady-state shear banding are demonstrated for polydisperse polymer melts as functions of applied shear rate.
Speech-Language Pathology Guidance for Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Multidisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Zaga Charissa J. , Pandian Vinciya , Brodsky Martin B. , Wallace Sarah , Cameron Tanis S. , Chao Caroline , Orloff Lisa Ann , Atkins Naomi E. , McGrath Brendan A. , Lazarus Cathy L. , Vogel Adam P. , Brenner Michael J.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

As the COVID-19 pandemic has unfolded, there has been growing recognition of risks to frontline health care workers. When caring for patients with tracheostomy, speech-language pathologists have significant exposure to mucosal surfaces, secretions, and aerosols that may harbor the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This tutorial provides guidance on practices for safely performing patient evaluation and procedures, thereby reducing risk of infection.

Method

Data were collated through review of literature, guidelines, and consensus statements relating to COVID-19 and similar high-consequent infections, with a focus on mitigating risk of transmission to health care workers. Particular emphasis was placed on speech-language pathologists, nurses, and other allied health professionals. A multinational interdisciplinary team then analyzed findings, arriving at recommendations through consensus via electronic communications and video conference.

Results

Reports of transmission of infection to health care workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic and previous outbreaks substantiate the need for safe practices. Many procedures routinely performed by speech-language pathologists have a significant risk of infection due to aerosol generation. COVID-19 testing can inform level of protective equipment, and meticulous hygiene can stem spread of nosocomial infection. Modifications to standard clinical practice in tracheostomy are often required. Personal protective equipment, including either powered air-purifying respirator or N95 mask, gloves, goggles, and gown, are needed when performing aerosol-generating procedures in patients with known or suspected COVID-19 infection.

Conclusions

Speech-language pathologists are often called on to assist in the care of patients with tracheostomy and known or suspected COVID-19 infection. Appropriate care of these patients is predicated on maintaining the health and safety of the health care team. Careful adherence to best practices can significantly reduce risk of infectious transmission.
Neighbourhood open spaces for social cohesion
Authors: Badar Rukhsana , Bahadure Sarika
Published: June 2020

The global cities of the world are witnessing a visible disconnection of everyday life. In India the Smart City guidelines acknowledge the need to counter the growing social detachment and intolerance by encouraging interactions. They go further in identifying that preserving and creating of open spaces must be a key feature of comprehensive urban development. Most social relations are cemented within open spaces at the neighbourhood level. Previous studies examine the association between the attributes of neighbourhood open spaces and social activity but neglect to view the issue comprehensively. The present study turns to Lefebvre’s Unitary Theory which states that open space is a result of three forces; 1) perceived space which is the physical dimension and material quality identifiable by the senses; 2) conceived space created by planners and other agents as plans and documents; and 3) lived space which is shaped by the values attached and images generated through user experience. For open space conducive to social interactions these three aspects must work in tandem. With this consideration a framework of criteria and indicators is developed and used to measure and compare the open spaces in select neighbourhoods in Europe and India. The investigation thus reveals differences in all three aspects of neighbourhood spaces. It also reveals a discrepancy between the planning standards formulated and employed by the city authorities in providing the spaces and the actual needs of the community. The research aims to address this gap. The study of the Indian cases lays foundation for the use of the framework to measure open spaces in association with social cohesion and thereby contribute to the enhancement of the social infrastructure of the City.
Effective Design, Development, and Evaluation of Video Tutorials for Electronic Medical Record Training
Authors: Randhawa Gurprit K. , Shachak Aviv , Courtney Karen L. , Kushniruk Andre
Published: June 2020

Background Electronic medical record (EMR) use by primary care physicians (PCP) in the United States and Canada is suboptimal, especially for supporting chronic diseases like diabetes. PCPs need postimplementation training to achieve value-adding EMR use. Video tutorials demonstrate how to accomplish tasks using software. However, there is a dearth of research on the use of video tutorials for EMR training.

Objective The purpose of the study was to design, develop, and evaluate video tutorials for training PCPs in using EMR advanced features for diabetes care. This study addressed three research questions related to PCP's views of video tutorials as an EMR training method/approach, barriers, and facilitators to applying the EMR video tutorials to PCPs' practice, and how the design of EMR video tutorials can be improved.

Methods The overall research study employed a QUAN (qual) mixed methods approach with an embedded design. This article focuses on the qualitative phase of the mixed methods study. A series of four theory-informed and evidence-based video tutorials for diabetes care was developed with a physician champion. Qualitative data were collected at four time points: 1 month before (O1), immediately before (O2), 3 months after (O3), and 6 months (O4) after the intervention. Semistructured interviews with participants were held at O3 and O4. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results In total, 14 PCPs from the overall study participated in interviews (78%). The thematic analysis of the qualitative data revealed seven themes, which fall into two main categories: (1) design and development of EMR video tutorials, and (2) adoption and use of EMR video tutorials.

Conclusion PCPs liked the EMR video tutorials for diabetes care, and would like more EMR video tutorials on various topics and EMR use levels. The study offers a roadmap for health informatics professionals everywhere to develop EMR training videos that meet evidence-based design criteria. It also help to identify opportunities to improve the design, delivery, and adoption of EMR video tutorials for future training interventions.
Hepatitis C Virus Treatment in Children: A Challenge for Hepatitis C Virus Elimination
Authors: El-Sayed Manal H. , Indolfi Giuseppe
Published: June 2020

Hepatitis C is a global public health threat. The introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) brings the prospect of curing the 71 million people living with the disease, dramatically changing the landscape of hepatitis C. The World Health Organization developed a roadmap for the elimination and cure of hepatitis C by 2030 with a clear goal with measurable targets. However, there is a lack of a well-defined strategy to tackle the hepatitis C virus (HCV) problem in children and adolescents vis-à-vis the adult population. Hepatitis C in children and adolescents can be addressed as part of a national policy for elimination in the whole population, namely macroelimination, or could be fragmented into a microelimination approach targeting the high-risk population groups. Children born to HCV-infected mothers, adolescents who are injecting drugs, migrants, and those suffering from inherited blood diseases are important target populations. After the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for the use of DAAs in children aged 3 years and above, evidence from clinical trials and real-world experience was accumulated using brand and generic medicines, with sustained virological response rates exceeding 95%. The evidence created should guide policies on the management of hepatitis C in children and adolescents. There are many challenges in managing HCV in this left-behind marginalized population. The lack of awareness and epidemiological data, consent age, prohibitive prices of medicines, and absence of policies on access to diagnostics, treatment, and linkage to care are among the many barriers to service delivery that should be addressed to achieve the elimination goal by 2030.
A Call to Action: A High Prevalence of Mental Health Conditions in Septic Compared with Aseptic Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Warren Jared , Anis Hiba K. , Klika Alison K. , Navale Suparna , Zhou Guangjin , Barsoum Wael , Higuera Carlos A. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: June 2020

Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) after primary total hip arthroplasty (pTHA) are known to have a profound impact on patients' pain and function. However, there is little evidence on the association between PJIs and mental health in pTHA and revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of mental health conditions among patients undergoing (1) pTHA, (2) septic rTHA, and (3) aseptic rTHA. All THAs performed between 2005 and 2014 were queried using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases. This yielded 468,663 patients. Patients were separated into the following cohorts based on procedure: primary, septic revision, and aseptic revision. Diagnoses of any mental health condition as well as the following specific conditions were compared among the three cohorts: schizophrenia/delusion, bipolar disorder, depression/mood disorder, personality disorder, anxiety/somatic/dissociative disorder, eating disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder/conduct/impulse control, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse. Univariate analysis was performed to assess differences and trends in mental health conditions among the three cohorts. The prevalence of mental health conditions overall in rTHA patients increased throughout the study period. There was a significantly higher prevalence of mental health conditions overall among patients in the septic rTHA cohort (n = 1,818, 28.0%) compared with the pTHA (n = 81,616, 19.2%; p < 0.001), and aseptic rTHA (n = 7,594, 20.9%; p < 0.001) cohorts. Specifically, septic rTHA patients had a higher prevalence of schizophrenia (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), bipolar disorder (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), depression (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), personality disorders (p = 0.0015; p = 0.013), anxiety (p < 0.001; p = 0.0055), eating disorders (p < 0.001; p = 0.006), alcohol abuse (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), and drug abuse (p < 0.001; p < 0.001) compared with primary THA and aseptic rTHA, respectively. Overall, rates of mental health conditions were significantly higher among septic rTHA patients. Alcohol and drug abuse were approximately twice as prevalent among patients undergoing rTHA for infection compared with primary or aseptic rTHA patients. The level of evidence of the study is level III.
Clinical Features, Treatment Courses, and Distribution of Cytomegalovirus Genotypes among Thrombocytopenia Patients Aged Younger than 12 Months
Authors: Hu Hongbo , Cheng Ying , Peng Qiaoying , Chen Kun
Published: June 2020

Objective The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and treatment of the cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated thrombocytopenia in infants aged younger than 12 months and to investigate the possible relationship between genotypes of glycoprotein B (gB) and glycoprotein H (gH) and CMV-associated thrombocytopenia.

Study Design Infants with positive identification of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and thrombocytopenia, being treated at Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2015 to June 2019 were included. Genotype of gB and gH analysis were done by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and restrictions length polymorphism.

Results The prevalence of CMV congenital, perinatal, and postnatal infection were 1.4% (76/5428), 29.1% (378/1301), and 41.8% (243/581), respectively. A total of 29 immunocompetent patients with CMV-associated thrombocytopenia were analyzed, including 7 (9.2%, 7/76) congenital infections, 14 (3.7%, 14/378) perinatal infections, and 8 (3.3%, 8/243) postnatal infections. Platelet count at diagnosis <20 × 109/L was the common hematologic finding of CMV-associated thrombocytopenia in perinatal infection (1/7 congenital infection vs. 10/14 perinatal infection vs. 3/8 postnatal infection, Chi-square (χ2) = 6.616, p = 0.037). Notably, significantly higher frequency of hepatobiliary symptoms was found in congenital and perinatal infections groups (4/7 congenital infection vs. 10/14 perinatal infection vs. 1/8 postnatal infection, χ2 = 7.188, p = 0.027). Intravenous immunoglobulin was prescribed for 24 (82.8%, 24/29) patients, and antiviral agents were prescribed for 9 (31.0%, 9/29) patients. The most prevalent genotypes of CMV in the study were gB1 (60.7%, 17/28) and gH2 (57.1%, 16/28).

Conclusion There was a substantial percentage of symptomatic CMV infection in patients aged younger than 12 months. Thrombocytopenia is one of the common clinical manifestations in congenital CMV infection. The gB1 genotype had more virulence in infants with acquired CMV infection. There might be an association between gH2 genotype of CMV and CMV-associated thrombocytopenia.
Noninvasive Tests in the Assessment of NASH and NAFLD Fibrosis: Now and Into the Future
Authors: Adams Leon A. , Chan Wah-Kheong
Published: June 2020

Noninvasive serum and imaging methods offer accessible, accurate, and safe assessment of fibrosis severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In contrast, current serum and imaging methods for the prediction of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are not sufficiently accurate for routine clinical use. Serum fibrosis markers that incorporate direct measures of fibrogenesis (for example, hyaluronic acid) or fibrinolysis are generally more accurate than biomarkers not incorporating direct measures of fibrogenesis. Elastography methods are more accurate than serum markers for fibrosis assessment and particularly for the determination of cirrhosis, but have a significant failure and/or unreliability rate in obese individuals. To overcome this, combining serum and elastography methods in a sequential manner minimizes indeterminate results and maintains accuracy. The accuracy of current noninvasive methods for monitoring fibrosis response to treatment are limited; however, new tools derived from “omic” methodologies offer promise for the future.
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Promoting Kinases
Authors: Ibrahim Samar H. , Hirsova Petra , Malhi Harmeet , Gores Gregory J.
Published: June 2020

Nonalcoholic hepatitis (NASH) is the progressive inflammatory form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Although the mechanisms of hepatic inflammation in NASH remain incompletely understood, emerging literature implicates the proinflammatory environment created by toxic lipid-induced hepatocyte injury, termed lipotoxicity. Interestingly, numerous NASH-promoting kinases in hepatocytes, immune cells, and adipocytes are activated by the lipotoxic insult associated with obesity. In the current review, we discuss recent advances in NASH-promoting kinases as disease mediators and therapeutic targets. The focus of the review is mainly on the mitogen-activated protein kinases including mixed lineage kinase 3, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK; the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress kinases protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase and inositol-requiring protein-1α; as well as the Rho-associated protein kinase 1. We also discuss various pharmacological agents targeting these stress kinases in NASH that are under different phases of development.
The quantum future of microscopy: Wave function engineering of electrons, ions, and nuclei
Authors: Madan I. , Vanacore G. M. , Gargiulo S. , LaGrange T. , Carbone F.
Published: June 2020

The ability to manipulate particles has always been a fundamental aspect for developing and improving scattering and microscopy techniques used for material investigations. So far, microscopy applications have mostly relied on a classical treatment of the electron-matter interaction. However, exploiting a particle's quantum nature can reveal novel information not accessible with conventional schemes. Here, after describing recent methods for coherent wave function engineering, we discuss how quantum manipulation of electrons, He ions, and nuclei can be used to implement low-dose imaging methods, to explore correlated quantum state dynamics in condensed matter, and to modulate nuclear reactions for energy-related applications and gamma-ray lasers.
Review highlights P-block metals-based electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: June 2020

P-block metals-based electrocatalysts prove promising for applications in CO 2  reduction, due to its high selectivity and stability.
Magneto-optical Kerr microscopy investigation of magnetization reversal in Co2FeSi Heusler alloy thin films
Authors: Hazra Binoy Krishna , Kaul S. N. , Srinath S. , Hussain Zaineb , Reddy V. Raghavendra , Raja M. Manivel
Published: June 2020

Magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy investigation of magnetocrystalline anisotropy and the magnetization reversal (MR) process in Co2FeSi (CFS) Heusler alloy thin films reveals the following: Regardless of the strength of the anti-site atomic disorder, all CFS films of fixed thickness (t = 50 nm) exhibit variations in the remanent magnetization (Mr) and coercive field (Hc) with the “in-plane” magnetic field (H) angle, φH, that are characteristic of the “in-plane” uniaxial anisotropy (UA) with an easy axis along φH = 0°. The observed variations with the field-angle are well described by the two-phase pinning (TP) model. Exceptions to this rule are the films with t ≥ 25 nm, having a maximum B2 atomic order, which show completely different angular variations in Mr and Hc. In such exceptional cases, we find that the TP model reproduces Mr(φH) and Hc(φH) only when it takes into account two mutually exclusive UAs, UA1 and UA2, with easy axes perpendicular to one another and UA1 ≫ UA2. When H points along the easy axis (φH = 0°), MR in all CFS films proceeds through the nucleation of reverse domains and their subsequent growth by domain wall movement as H increases. Atomic disorder has essentially no effect on the MR process, but the domain wall pinning at defects/imperfections affects the magnitudes of Hc and the UA field, Hk. At φH ≃ 45°, MR takes place through the formation of ripple domains. As H increases, the reverse domains grow at the expense of ripple domains, and a single domain configuration is established at high fields. When φH = 90°, MR in all films involves nucleation and subsequent growth of reverse domains by the field-induced movement of the 180° domain walls.
Effect of fear on prey–predator dynamics: Exploring the role of prey refuge and additional food
Authors: Samaddar Shilpa , Dhar Mausumi , Bhattacharya Paritosh
Published: June 2020

The effect of induced fear in the prey due to the presence of a predator can alone develop anti-predator resistance to such an extent that it might reduce the prey reproduction in a significant amount. As fear can perceptibly affect the densities of the terrestrial vertebrates, here we investigate the cost of fear on a Holling type II predator–prey model associated with prey refuge and additional food to the predator. We evidently provide conditions on the existence and stability of equilibria as well as the occurrence of the Hopf bifurcation. Besides, we study how the presence of fear re-calibrates the effects of prey refuge and additional food in terms of quality and quantity on the system dynamics. We observe that the effect of fear not only reduces the predator density but also considerably drives the system toward stability. All the results presented here are mainly analytical but to make it more comprehensive, we perform numerical simulation. Moreover, to show the vast applicability of our results, we compare it with a few other models according to the presence of fear, refuge, and additional food.
Time-resolved ion velocity measurements in a high-power Hall thruster using laser-induced fluorescence with transfer function averaging
Authors: Chaplin V. H. , Lobbia R. B. , Lopez Ortega A. , Mikellides I. G. , Hofer R. R. , Polk J. E. , Friss A. J.
Published: June 2020

We present time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence measurements of ion velocity distributions in a 12.5 kW Hall Effect Rocket with Magnetic Shielding (HERMeS) operating in both quasi-periodic and aperiodic oscillation regimes. Transfer function averaging in Fourier space is used to obtain useable signal-to-noise ratios and synchronize data traces taken at different laser wavelengths, measurement axes, and positions in the plasma, achieving a measurement bandwidth of ∼100 kHz. For breathing-mode like global oscillations, the results are shown to be robust to the choice of either discharge current Id(t) or cathode-to-ground voltage Vcg(t) as the reference waveform input to the transfer function. At discharge voltage Vd=600 V, a nearly periodic, impulsive oscillation in the acceleration zone position was accompanied by a ≳100 V peak-to-peak oscillation in the near-plume plasma potential. Smaller amplitude, aperiodic oscillations in the mean ion velocities were detected at Vd=300 V.
Photoisomerization dynamics of trans–trans, cis–trans, and cis–cis diphenylbutadiene from broadband transient absorption spectroscopy and calculations
Authors: Krohn O. A. , Quick M. , Sudarkova S. M. , Ioffe I. N. , Richter C. , Kovalenko S. A.
Published: June 2020

The photoisomerization path and dynamics of trans–trans (ttD), cis–trans (ctD), and cis–cis (ccD) 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (DPB) in solution are studied with broadband transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. For ttD in n-hexane, 2-photon-excited TA spectra indicate that the 2Ag state is located above 1-photon allowed 1Bu (S1) by ∼1000 cm−1. Following S0 → S1 optical excitation, the isomerization occurs via torsion about a butadiene double bond to perpendicular molecular configuration P. The P-state is detected in ccD with an excited-state absorption band at 390 nm. This P-band develops during S1 → P half-torsion with time of 0.15 ps, followed further by P → S0 half-torsion and simultaneous decay with 1.6 ps in acetonitrile and 5 ps in n-hexane. In addition, two oscillation cycles between P and S1 population are observed before equilibration in n-hexane. For ctD, an indication of rising and decaying P is found in acetonitrile. The vast majority of ctD species photoisomerizes to ttD and not to ccD, in agreement a with calculated low torsional barrier about the cis double bond and high barrier about the trans double bond. Photoisomerization yield Y and time τi depend drastically on the solvent polarity. Thus, in n-hexane, the isomerization ttD → ctD has yield Ytt,ct = 0.1 and time τi = 829 ps, while in acetonitrile, Ytt,ct = 0.4 and τi = 27 ps. The 30-fold acceleration of the isomerization in acetonitrile clearly reflects a highly polar character of P, consistent with a dipole moment μP > 9.6 D. The results for DPB are discussed in comparison to stilbene.
Hydrogen-rich water promotes elongation of hypocotyls and roots in plants through mediating the level of endogenous gibberellin and auxin
Authors: Wu Qi , Su Nana , Huang Xin , Ling Xiaoping , Yu Min , Cui Jin , Shabala Sergey
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of the hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on the vegetable growth, and explore the possibility of applying HRW for protected cultivation of vegetables. Results showed that compared with control, HRW treatment significantly promoted fresh weight, hypocotyl length and root length of mung bean seedlings. The strongest stimulation was observed for 480 μM H2 (60% of saturated HRW concentration) treatment. This concentration was used in the following experiments. The enhanced cell elongation was correlated with the changes in the level of endogenous phytohormones. In the dark-grown hypocotyls and roots of mung bean seedlings, HRW significantly increased the content of IAA and GA3. Addition of GA3 enhanced the hypocotyl elongation only. uniconazole, an inhibitor of GA3 biosynthesis, inhibited HRW-induced hypocotyl elongation, but did not affect root elongation. Exogenous application of IAA promoted HRW effects on elongation of both the hypocotyl and the root, while the IAA biosynthesis inhibitor TIBA negated the above affects. The general nature of HRW-induced growth-promoting effects was further confirmed in experiments involving cucumber and radish seedlings. Taken together, HRW treatment promoted growth of seedlings, by stimulating elongation of hypocotyl and root cells, via HRW-induced increase in GA and IAA content in the hypocotyl and the root respectively.
Allosteric control of hemoglobin S fiber formation by oxygen and its relation to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease
Authors: Henry Eric R. , Cellmer Troy , Dunkelberger Emily B. , Metaferia Belhu , Hofrichter James , Li Quan , Ostrowski David , Ghirlando Rodolfo , Louis John M. , Moutereau Stéphane , Galactéros Frédéric , Thein Swee Lay , Bartolucci Pablo , Eaton William A.
Published: June 2020

Significance

The root cause of pathology in sickle cell disease is the polymerization of the mutant hemoglobin S upon deoxygenation in the tissues to form fibers. Both the amount of fiber at equilibrium and the kinetics of fiber formation depend on the partial pressure of oxygen. We show that control of polymerization by oxygen at equilibrium can be better explained by a recent extension of the famous two-state allosteric model of Monod, Wyman, and Changeux. Because of the unusual kinetics, polymerization is far out of equilibrium, which explains why patients with the disease manage to survive, while those with high levels of fetal hemoglobin and those with sickle trait (the heterozygous condition) have relatively benign conditions.
Resolving the adsorption of molecular O
2
on the rutile TiO
2
(110) surface by noncontact atomic force microscopy
Authors: Sokolović Igor , Reticcioli Michele , Čalkovský Martin , Wagner Margareta , Schmid Michael , Franchini Cesare , Diebold Ulrike , Setvín Martin
Published: June 2020

Significance

Molecular

O

2

on semiconducting metal oxides, its adsorption, response to thermal treatment, UV irradiation, and electron/hole injection is at the heart of a wide range of technologies. These processes were studied molecule by molecule on the prototypical model oxide

T
i
O

2

(110), using noncontact AFM. We show that the nonintrusive nature of the nc-AFM and its exceptional spatial resolution due to the functionalization of the tip with a terminal O atom allow identifying oxygen adsorption geometries which were not previously determined by other techniques. In combination with density functional theory calculations, we explain the charge states of the various adsorbed oxygen species, their dynamics upon annealing and UV irradiation, and the role of electron exchange with the

T
i
O

2

substrate.
A strategic mindset: An orientation toward strategic behavior during goal pursuit
Authors: Chen Patricia , Powers Joseph T. , Katragadda Kruthika R. , Cohen Geoffrey L. , Dweck Carol S.
Published: June 2020

Significance

Modern life and work involve grappling with many novel challenging tasks. What makes some people more strategic, and hence more effective, as they approach these tasks? This research introduces and tests a psychological construct—a “strategic mindset”—which involves asking oneself strategy-eliciting questions, such as “What can I do to help myself?” or “Is there a way to do this even better?” in the face of challenges or insufficient progress. A strategic mindset uniquely predicts how much people report actively using strategies and, in turn, how effective they are at pursuing goals across life domains. The findings suggest that being strategic entails more than just having specific strategic skills—it appears to also entail an orientation toward accessing and employing them.
Task modality, communicative adequacy and CAF measures
Authors: Vasylets Olena , Gilabert Roger , Manchón Rosa M.
Published: June 2020

In this study we looked into the learning affordances of task modalities as mediated by task
complexity. A group of intermediate learners performed an argumentative task with two levels of complexity orally and
in writing and their performance was rated for adequacy, and assessed in terms of the CAF (complexity, accuracy, and
fluency) measures. In both oral and written modes, communicative success was found to be linked to lexical complexity
and fluency. However, adequacy was associated with accuracy only in speech and with propositional complexity (idea
units) only in writing. Task complexity did not moderate the links between communicative adequacy and the CAF
dimensions. Based on these findings, implications for task design and for language-learning potential across
modalities are drawn.
Processing output during individual L2 writing tasks
Authors: López-Serrano Sonia , Roca de Larios Julio , Manchón Rosa M.
Published: June 2020

The present study explored the different levels of processing as well as the strategic orientation
involved in the language-related episodes identified in the think-aloud protocols produced by 21 EFL writers (divided
into three proficiency groups: pre-intermediate, intermediate and advanced) during the individual completion of an
argumentative writing task. Results confirmed previous predictions on (i) the manner in which engaging in L2 writing
may foster deep levels of language processing, and (ii) the proficiency-dependency of such processing. In particular,
advanced learners engaged in deeper levels of processing with an upgrading strategic orientation, which involved
complex manipulation and evaluation of L2 forms and structures. These findings are discussed through the lens of the
language learning potential of individual L2 writing tasks.
Can writing facilitate the development of a richer vocabulary?
Authors: Schmitt Diane
Published: June 2020

This chapter considers the extent to which existing research on vocabulary acquisition and writing
adequately addresses the vocabulary learning potential of writing with the aim of advancing a research agenda for
investigating the vocabulary learning potential of writing instruction. It first reviews the challenges L2 writers
face with vocabulary size, word knowledge, and lexical fluency from the perspective of vocabulary research. It then
considers how vocabulary is commonly operationalised in writing studies. Next, it considers how vocabulary is treated
in writing instruction. This is followed by proposals for a research agenda that aims to bring the concerns of
vocabulary research and writing research into closer alignment. A stronger word level focus is advocated.