bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adherence to safety precautions in the operation theatre among anaesthesiologists in the COVID era
Authors: Jain M Karthik , Baskaran Deepa , Jagannath Sathyanarayan , Kothari Apoorwa N. , Arumugam Ramesh , Selvam Sumithra
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims:

The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant infections among healthcare workers and deaths warranting the need for personal protective equipment. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of anaesthesiologists adhering to safety precautions and to evaluate their adherence patterns, difficulties faced and coping mechanisms in the operation theatre during the pandemic.

Methods:

This was a multicentric mixed methods study conducted among anaesthesiologists from two tertiary care hospitals. A paper-based questionnaire was given to all participants. The first part consisted of 21 questions regarding safety measures and extent of adherence. The second part was a response sheet regarding the various difficulties faced and coping mechanisms adopted. Following this, an in-depth interview was conducted to understand the same. The proportion of anaesthesiologists in different categories of adherence, patterns of adherence, difficulties faced, and coping mechanisms were computed and compared. Thematic framework analysis was done for in-depth interview.

Results:

Sixty participants were included. The adherence levels for N95 masks and face shields were higher. Most participants practised frequent handwashing and took showers after work. Fogging, difficulty in communication, marks on the face were the commonly faced difficulties. Self reassurance, adjusting the fit of masks/face shields, or taking breaks were the coping mechanisms mostly followed. Themes generated from in-depth interview include waning of caution, adaptation through innovative methods and stress due to uncertainty.

Conclusion:

The N95 mask was the most preferred safety precaution. Ease of use and safety were important considerations for adherence. Physical and mental acclimatisation and improved knowledge of disease played a vital role.
Erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia following percutaneous nephrolithotomy under spinal anaesthesia- A randomised controlled study
Authors: Shah Bhavini , Cherukuri Kaushik , Tudimilla Sonalika , Shah Krusha Suresh
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims:

Postoperative pain is a multitude of various irksome sensory, emotional and mental experiences aggravated by surgical trauma and associated with autonomic, endocrine, metabolic, physiological and behavioural responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in postoperative analgesia following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) under spinal anaesthesia.

Methods:

This prospective randomised study was conducted on sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients scheduled for PCNL under spinal anaesthesia. They were randomised into two equal groups of thirty patients. ESPB was given in group A with 20 ml of injection bupivacaine 0.25% and dexamethasone 8 mg and group B received injection tramadol 1.5 mg/kg intravenously immediately after PCNL. The primary outcome was comparison of visual analogue scale (VAS) score in the first 24 h postoperatively, whereas secondary objectives included hemodynamic variables and requirement of rescue analgesia.

Results:

VAS score in group A (ESPB) with mean of 3.15 ± 0.68 was comparatively low when compared to group B with mean of 6.61 ± 0.50 at 6 hours. After 4 h postoperatively, VAS scores continued to be higher and significant number of patients required rescue analgesia in group B.

Conclusion:

ESPB reduced VAS score, provided adequate postoperative analgesia, with similar haemodynamic changes and adverse effects in comparison to the conventional analgesia with tramadol in PCNL.
Introduction of alkasite restorative in pediatric dentistry
Authors: Kaul Sampada , Rawal Sakshi , Kansal Vedant
Published: December 2022

Pedodontists have long sought after a real alternative to basic filling materials, namely amalgam or glass ionomer cements – a cost-effective, fluoride-releasing product that is quick and easy to use without complicated equipment that offers both strength and good esthetics. The use of alkasite material (Cention N) in the clinical field of pediatric dentistry is still in its experimental stages with not much literature available regarding its use. This review article provides insight related to the clinical significance and future of this material in our field.
Multiple intraoral lesions in a male patient with smoker's palate
Authors: Kaur Paramjot , Singh Ishpaul
Published: December 2022

It is rare to find peripheral intraoral tumors in a male patient. In this case report, a 60-year-old comorbid male patient presented with three intraoral lesions in the buccal mucosa on the left side and also smoker's palate. Excision of three lesions was suggestive of lipoma, giant cell fibroma, and leukoplakia on the histopathological report. Long-term follow-up was advised following excision of the lesions.
Interceptive treatment of the aberrant labial frenulum in the transition dentition stage using 808nm diode laser
Authors: Khan Mohammad Kamran , Jindal Mahendra Kumar
Published: December 2022

The aberrant labial frenulum is one of the etiological factors for midline diastema. Such frenulum needs timely detection and early intervention in transition dentition to intercept the developing midline diastema in growing children. A conservative and minimal-invasive approach should be considered for managing the abnormal frenulum in the pediatric age group. This article presents a clinical case report on the successful and effective treatment of aberrant maxillary labial frenulum in a 10-year-old pediatric patient using the diode laser of 808 nm wavelength without infiltrative local anesthesia and sutures. The follow-up evaluation demonstrated optimum healing without any complications. The patient demonstrated cooperation and satisfaction with the laser surgery and its excellent healing outcomes.
Knowledge and attitude of dental students toward thyroid gland and its disorders
Authors: Mahajan Santosh , Kapoor Harsimran Singh
Published: December 2022

Aim:

With an increasing number of patients with thyroid diseases receiving dental care, dental practitioners should have sufficient knowledge about the gland and the associated pathophysiology to avoid any complications during the treatment.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey of the dental students of different academic years of Baba Jaswant Singh Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, Ludhiana, was done to determine their knowledge and attitude toward different aspects of thyroid gland using a self-administered questionnaire.

Results:

A total of 234 students including 46 (20%) males and 188 (80%) females aged 19–32 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD] 23.24 ± 2.92 years) participated in the survey. The mean ± SD knowledge score of students was 60.7 ± 8.4. It increased with dentistry years and was between 51% and 75% reflecting overall good knowledge. However, the knowledge of students of all academic years was significantly more for thyroid gland and its hormones compared to other aspects of the gland. There was no significant difference in the mean knowledge (males 60.2% ± 13.6%, females 60.4% ± 8.8% (P = 0.97) and attitude (males 62.7% ± 18.2%, females 71.4% ± 6.0%) (P = 0.25) of the two sexes. However, a significant association was found between knowledge and attitude of the female students toward thyroid patients.

Conclusions:

The findings of our study indicate that although the dental students have acceptable knowledge about thyroid gland, its functioning, and its abnormalities, they are devoid of awareness about the biochemical mechanisms behind the disease and the treatment plan which can put their patients at risk.
Research capacity and training needs of nurses' in Shanghai, China
Authors: XU Huajiao , SHEN Ying , WU Lingling , SHEN Weihong
Published: December 2022

Aims:

The aim of this study is to investigate nurses' research capacity and related training needs in Shanghai to provide evidence to further nursing research training.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 1226 clinical registered nurses, including the Nursing Research Capacity of Self-Evaluation Questionnaire and Research Training Needs Form, was recruited from 14 public hospitals in Shanghai, China. And the influencing factors of nurses' research capacity were analyzed.

Results:

The mean score of nurses' research capacity was (46.25 ± 22.90) in Shanghai, that was at a low-to-medium level. The influencing factors of nurses' research capacity including age (F = 15.983, P < 0.001), education (F = 20.738, P < 0.001), professional title (F = 6.993,

P = 0.001), working years (F = 7.803, P < 0.001), department (F = 8.545, P < 0.001), and position (F = −3.354, P = 0.001). The most critical factor is the time to participate a study (P < 0.001). And what the nurses demanded were writing skills, special lectures, and participating in colleagues' projects mostly.

Conclusion:

Nurse's scientific research capacity still needs to be improved in Shanghai. The key to improving this situation is the individualized scientific research training and education for nurses and the practice of more participation in scientific research projects.
Does educational intervention change knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding pharmacovigilance among nursing officers in Central India? An interventional study
Authors: CHINDHALORE Chaitali Ashish , DAKHALE Ganesh Natthuji , GUPTA Ashish Vijay
Published: December 2022

Objectives:

To evaluate the impact of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding pharmacovigilance (PV) and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among nursing officers.

Materials and Methods:

A pre- and post-single-arm interventional study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Nagpur from May 2021 to October 2021 among 48 nursing officers. Data related to KAP were obtained through validated questionnaires before and after 3 months of educational intervention.

Results:

The mean knowledge score among nursing officers significantly improved from 11.05 ± 3.09 to 16.77 ± 2.07 after training session (P < 0.001). The mean score regarding attitude was significantly upgraded from 21.16 ± 5.6 to 23.79 ± 2.97 (P < 0.001). At baseline, the mean practice score was poor (2.41 ± 2.89), which was improved after training session, but the difference is not significant.

Conclusion:

Educational intervention had a significant impact on knowledge and attitude toward ADR reporting. The practice of detecting and reporting an ADR to the treating consultant is improved, but it is not transformed into reporting an ADR to the PV center to a significant extent. Hence, it is recommended to streamline ADR reporting process by implementing such training modules more frequently.
Technology-based psychosocial support for adolescent survivors of leukemia
Authors: ARPACI Tuba , ALTAY Naime
Published: December 2022

Technology-based interventions are thought to be one of the innovative alternatives for improving the psychosocial health of adolescent survivors. This article outlines an example of technology-based psychosocial intervention for adolescent survivors of leukemia. This technology-based psychosocial support intervention consists of five separate modules related to personal development, coping skills, and a healthy lifestyle. intervention can be applied to adolescents (aged 12–18 years) who have completed leukemia treatment at least 2 years ago and are disease free. Psychosocial interventions are crucial to improving adolescent survivors' psychosocial well-being in long-term follow-up. It is thought that psychosocial interventions can be effective on survivors' self-efficacy, coping skills, and quality of life, and survivors will be satisfied with the program. Regarding the model of childhood cancer survivorship care, this intervention can be integrated into the follow-up program and guide pediatric oncology nurses in preparing support programs for adolescent survivors.
Practice and patronage of traditional bonesetting in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: OKORO Nafiu Fatihudeen , OJO Adeleke Araoye , AKPOR Oluwaseyi Abiodun , Akpor Oghenerobor Benjamin
Published: December 2022

Objective:

This study was carried out to investigate the determinants of the practice and patronage of traditional bonesetting (TBS) in a Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive research design approach with purposive sampling technique was used. Data collection was through the use of two set of self-developed structured questionnaire (for bonesetters and clients). The study obtained data from eight traditional bonesetters and fifty-six inpatients receiving treatments in the bonesetters' homes across the study location.

Results:

Findings from the study showed that the major cause of fractures were road traffic accidents while low cost of treatment was the major influence for patronizing traditional bonesetters. The study also revealed that majority of the traditional bonesetters had little or no formal education. Among the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, only occupation showed signification relationship with reasons for patronage of TBS homes (χ
2 = 28.164, P = 0.036).

Conclusion:

The patronage of traditional bonesetters may be impossible to eradicate; thus, the study recommends the need for collaboration among traditional bonesetters and modern orthopedic practitioners through recognition and continuous training of the traditional bonesetters on appropriate management and referrals.
Nursing perspective of expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral infarction with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine
Authors: LIU Guiying , TANG Ling , HU Shirong , E Haiyan , ZHANG Yanyan , YANG Yu , ZHANG Jing
Published: December 2022

Cerebral infarction (CI) is also known as ischemic stroke. It is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases, with high mortality and disability rate, which has seriously threatened human health. To better apply the diagnosis and treatment plan of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine to the treatment of patients with CI, the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine issued the Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Infarction with the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in 2021. It involves etiology and pathogenesis of CI, diagnosis and treatment standards of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine, syndrome elements of TCM, as well as rehabilitation nursing of CI with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine during acute period and recovery period. This study interprets the consensus from routine nursing, dietary nursing, emotional nursing, complication nursing, rehabilitation nursing, and continuous nursing, aiming to provide evidence-based support for clinical TCM nursing practice.
Disentangling the P300 Components of Evoked Potentials Elicited using Subliminal Oddball Tasks in Reward-Directed Motivation
Authors: Kaya Kutlu , Gelir Ethem , Karaismailoglu Eda , Karaismailoglu Serkan
Published: December 2022

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate neural responses during subliminal oddball tasks concerning reward-directed motivation to distinguish the P3a and P3b components of evoked P300 potentials.

Methods:

The subliminal oddball task included congruent/incongruent stimuli and masked prime subliminal stimuli. The task was to push the button when an incongruent stimulus appeared. Participants underwent two pre- and post-break electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. During the break, the thirst scores of the participants were evaluated. Then, participants consumed three different salty foods in the same amount and completed the remaining two post-break EEG recordings, followed by the second thirst scores evaluation. Finally, participants physically selected lettered cards (A, B, C, and D) to receive a reward and quench their thirst.

Results:

Thirty participants were enrolled, 28 of whom were included for data analysis. Ten participants selected lettered cards as the given subliminal stimulus (sub(+) group), and 18 participants selected different lettered cards from the given subliminal stimulus (sub(–) group). We found a significant increase in post-P3a and post-P3b amplitudes in the sub(+) group at the Pz/Oz electrodes. Changes in P3b amplitude were significantly higher in the sub(+) group (2.83 ± 1.14 μV) than in the sub(–) group (0.62 ± 2.29 μV) at the Pz/Oz electrodes. Correlation analysis revealed that higher thirst scores resulted in higher P3b amplitudes in the sub(+) group.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that reward-directed motivation increases parietal-posterior P3b amplitudes, signifying the involvement of cognitive processes to achieve a reward.
The Relationship between Intracranial Hemorrhage after Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy and the Need for Antihypertensive Treatment During and after Infusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bahadir Eda Aslanbaba , Sorgun Mine Hayriye , Isikay Canan Togay
Published: December 2022

Background:

This study aims to determine which factors increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage after tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke and to investigate whether there is a relationship between the need for antihypertensive therapy during and after tPA infusion and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Materials and Methods:

Consecutive patients who applied to our stroke center with acute ischemic stroke and received IV tPA treatment in the first 4.5 h between 2012 and 2020 were included in the study. The demographic data of patients, stroke risk factors, drugs used before the stroke, neurological examinations, cranial computed tomographys (CTs) before and after tPA, antihypertensive usage during IV tPA and in the 24-h period after treatment, hospital mortality rates, and modified Rankin Scale scores in the 3rd month were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with intracerebral bleeding were divided into groups according to bleeding subtypes and whether they were symptomatic.

Results:

Intracranial bleeding was detected in 48 of 214 patients included in this study. Nineteen of these (8.8%) were classified as symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and 14 (6.5%) according to the definition of the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, intracranial bleeding was significantly associated with 24th h systolic blood pressure and the need for antihypertensive usage.

Conclusions:

Blood pressure regulation should be done carefully during tPA infusion and in the first 24 h. In addition, cranial CT scanning in patients who need antihypertensive usage may enable earlier detection of intracranial bleeding.
Long-term association of pericardial adipose tissue with incident diabetes and prediabetes: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
Authors: Oh Minsuk , Cho Wonhee , Lee Dong Hoon , Whitaker Kara M. , Schreiner Pamela J. , Terry James  G. , Kim Joon Young
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES: We examined whether pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is predictive of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes over time.METHODS: In total, 2,570 adults without prediabetes/diabetes from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study were followed up over 15 years. PAT volume was measured by computed tomography scans, and the new onset of prediabetes/diabetes was examined 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years after the PAT measurements. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to examine the association between the tertile of PAT and incident prediabetes/diabetes up to 15 years later. The predictive ability of PAT (vs. waist circumference [WC], body mass index [BMI], waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) for prediabetes/diabetes was examined by comparing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).RESULTS: The highest tertile of PAT was associated with a 1.56 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 2.34) higher rate of diabetes than the lowest tertile; however, no association was found between the highest tertile of PAT and prediabetes in the fully adjusted models, including additional adjustment for BMI or WC. In the fully adjusted models, the AUCs of WC, BMI, WHtR, and PAT for predicting diabetes were not significantly different, whereas the AUC of WC for predicting prediabetes was higher than that of PAT.CONCLUSIONS: PAT may be a significant predictor of hyperglycemia, but this association might depend on the effect of BMI or WC. Additional work is warranted to examine whether novel adiposity indicators can suggest advanced and optimal information to supplement the established diagnosis for prediabetes/diabetes.
Secreto, silencio, desclasificación y uso de las declaraciones de las víctimas ante la Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Política y Tortura de Chile
Authors: Mansilla Daniela
Published: December 2022

En el presente artículo se examina la documentación residual que ha sido develada a partir del levantamiento parcial del secreto de 50 años impuesto a la Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Política y Tortura (2003), segunda instancia de este tipo realizada en Chile para calificar y reparar a las personas victimizadas por la última dictadura civil militar (1973-1990). Busco dar cuenta de las relaciones, efectos y usos que ha producido (y puede llegar a producir) la modificación del campo de lo visible/invisible en relación a las personas declarantes, y la verdad oficial. Se trabajó con una metodología cualitativa centrada en el análisis de artefactos de registro presentes en las 23 carpetas de calificación de la Comisión Valech desclasificadas que conforman el corpus documental y de entrevistas realizadas a diversos actores involucrados en el levantamiento del secreto.
El pensamiento y rol intelectual de Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna respecto a la inmigración extranjera y su papel en la agricultura chilena (1852-1872)
Authors: Quinteros Venegas José Manuel
Published: December 2022

La historia de las migraciones en el Chile del siglo XIX estuvo marcada por la acción cultural, intelectual y política de personajes que resuenan hasta el día de hoy. Un caso fundamental a mediados del siglo XIX fue la mirada intelectual de Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, que a su haber formó e impulsó un modelo migratorio agrario-industrial basado en categorías tópicas que formarían una doxa entre la idea de barbarie y civilización. El presente artículo está dividido en dos partes: la primera que trata sobre el camino intelectual y contextual histórico que vivió Vicuña Mackenna antes de su obra central sobre la temática, a saber, el informe “Bases para la migración en Chile” de 1865. La segunda parte, trata de un análisis histórico de su pensamiento, influencias y redes intelectuales a partir del análisis del mismo informe.
Perceptions and Cues to Action as Predictors of Nurses’ Vaccination Intentions at Two Primary Health Care Facilities in Ghana
Authors: Tagbor Solomon , Ohene Lillian Akorfa , Adjei Charles Ampong , Kyei Josephine
Published: December 2022

Uptake of hepatitis B vaccination by health care providers remains suboptimal in Ghana, although it is considered an effective strategy against the hepatitis B virus. This study aimed to identify the predictors of nurses’ hepatitis B vaccination intentions at two municipal health care facilities in Ghana. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was adopted. A section of the health belief model-based questionnaire was administered to 181 nurses conveniently sampled from the two facilities. Data analysis was done using Statistical Product and Service Solutions software version 23.0. Frequencies and percentages were used to assess the demographic characteristics of participants. Pearson r coefficients were used to assess the intercorrelations between individual perceptions, and the cues to action on vaccination intentions. Simple and multiple regression was used to estimate the prediction of individual perceptions, and the cues to action on hepatitis B vaccination intentions of nurses. The findings showed that nurse-perceived benefits and cues to action were positive and significantly related to hepatitis B vaccination intentions of nurses (r = 0.14, P < 0.05; r = 0.17, P < 0.05). Perceived susceptibility and perceived barrier were negative and significantly related to vaccine intentions (r = −0.13, P < 0.05; r = −0.24, P < 0.01). Notably, perceived barrier predicted hepatitis B vaccination intentions (β = −0.22, t = −2.48, P = 0.01). Nurses’ vaccination behavioral intentions were positive. It was recommended that perceived barriers to hepatitis B vaccination such as vaccination ineffectiveness, time constraints, high costs, and side effects should be addressed to increase nurses’ vaccination uptake.
Prevalence and Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in Gabon
Authors: Dikoumba Annicet-Clotaire , Onanga Richard , Jean-Pierre Hélène , Didelot Marie-Noelle , Dumont Yann , Ouedraogo Abdoul-Salam , Ngoungou Edgard-Brice , Godreuil Sylvain
Published: December 2022

Data collection and monitoring of carbapenemase-producing (CP) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are often limited. This study determined CP-GNB prevalence in Gabon and the genetic origins of the resistance genes. From January 2016 to March 2018, 869 clinically significant GNB isolates from inpatients and outpatients, and 19 fecal samples (inpatients) were analyzed in the main hospitals of Gabon. Fecal samples were screened using ChromID® CARBA SMART selective chromogenic medium biplates. Species were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method on Müller–Hinton agar, and resistance genes were assessed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Overall, 1.61% of clinical isolates (14 of 869) and 5.26% of fecal samples (1 of 19) were CP-GNB. The CP-GNB rate was higher among inpatients (2.98%) than outpatients (0.33%), in intensive care units (28.57%, 4 of 14), and in urine samples (35.71%, 5 of 14). The most common CP-GNB were Klebsiella pneumoniae (53.33%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (26.67%). blaOXA-48 was the predominant carbapenemase-encoding gene (40%), followed by blaNDM-5 (33.33%). The A. baumannii multilocus sequence types ST2 and ST78, Enterobacter cloacae ST78, Escherichia coli ST2, and K. pneumonia ST48 and ST147 were found. These data indicate that CP bacteria are present in clinical and carriage samples. Preventive measures are needed to avoid the spread of resistance genes.
Prevalence of Poor Quality Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole Tablets in Three Cities in Cameroon
Authors: Waffo Tchounga Christelle Ange , Sacré Pierre-Yves , Ciza Hamuli Patient , Ngono Mballa Rose , De Bleye Charlotte , Ziemons Eric , Hubert Philippe , Marini Djang’eing’a Roland
Published: December 2022

Quality is one of the essential components of medicines and needs to be ensured to preserve the population’s health. This can be achieved through post-marketing quality control of medicines and is one of the most important duties of national regulatory authorities. In collaboration with the Cameroonian National Drug Quality Control and Valuation Laboratory, the decision was made to initiate a prevalence study to assess the quality of antiinfective medicines in Cameroon. A total of 150 samples of ciprofloxacin tablets and 142 samples of metronidazole tablets were collected from 76 licensed pharmacies and 75 informal vendors in three cities in Cameroon using a random strategy wherever possible and a mystery shopper approach. Three tests were carried out on each of the samples. Visual inspection allowed to find two falsified samples (0.7%) due to lack of information about the manufacturing company, and five more samples (1.7%) were deemed to be substandard due to flaws in the product. An additional 13 samples (4.5%) failed disintegration testing, and six (2.1%) others failed high-performance liquid chromatography assay testing due to insufficient active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content. All samples were found to contain some API. A prevalence of 7.9% substandard or falsified (SF) medicines was found. Moreover, the prevalence of outlets selling SF medicines was greater in the informal sector (26.7%) than in the formal sector (2.6%). Although the prevalence of SF medicines found was low, efforts need to be made by national regulatory authorities to monitor the pharmaceutical market more closely.
Reduktion und Teilhabe: Kollaborationen in Mixed Societies
Authors: Rieger Stefan
Published: December 2022

Ob Hund oder Amöbe, Algorithmus oder künstliches Haustier, ob virtuell oder materialisiert, ob wahrnehmbar oder im Hintergrund – der Mensch ist nicht allein. Er teilt die Welt mit Entitäten und Wesenheiten auf eine Weise, die in ihrer Vielfältigkeit kaum abzusehen ist. Nur eines ist dabei schon jetzt klar: Die Modalitäten des Zusammenlebens in multispecies societies fügen sich nicht mehr den gewohnten Vorstellungen von Subjekt und Objekt, von innen und außen, von Herr- und Knechtschaft, von Rationalität und Gefühl. Vielmehr bricht sich die Erkenntnis Bahn, dass der Mensch auf andere Arten angewiesen ist. Und er tut gut daran, neue Formen der Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse einzugehen, ohne bloß den Träumen von Enhancement zu verfallen. Allein durch Gesten der Reduktion, wie Stefan Rieger zeigt, wird eine umfassendere Teilhabe ermöglicht. Und nur in Form veränderter Kooperationen und Kollaborationen, in Anerkennung anderer Handlungsmächte und einer Ethik, die nicht ausschließlich den Menschen im Blick hat, ist eine angemessene Reaktion auf die neue Welt von Menschen und Nicht-Menschen zu finden.
Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programı Kazanımlarında Anlam Genişlemesi Sorunu
Authors: ÇEKEN Ramazan
Published: December 2022

Öğretim programlarında yer alan kazanımlarının iyi yapılandırılması, açıkça anlaşılır bir dille ifade edilmesi gerekir. Bu amaçla kazanımların gözlemlenebilir ve ölçülebilir bir beceriye odaklanması beklenmektedir. Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programı (FBDÖP) da kazanımlarının belirtilen bu nitelikleri taşıyabilecek şekilde yazılması için 2017 yılı başında taslak olarak yayımlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada, taslak program kazanımlarına ilişkin olarak sorun olabileceği değerlendirilen tespitlerin, 2018 yılında uygulamaya konulan FBDÖP kazanımlarında yer alıp almadığı tartışılmaktadır. Nitel çalışma yaklaşımına göre doküman analizi ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, kazanım fiilleri, becerilerin yazımı şartlarını taşıyıp taşımaması bakımından içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Belirtilen kriterler bakımından sorun olabileceği tespit edilen kazanımlara yönelik olarak kategoriler oluşturulmuştur. Ulaşılan kategorilere göre, 3. sınıf düzeyinden 8. sınıf düzeyine kadar hem taslak hem de halen kullanılmakta olan FBDÖP’te yer alan 305 kazanımdan 21’inin, becerilerin açıkça anlaşılabilir, gözlemlenebilir ve ölçülebilir olma özelliğini taşımadığı tespit edilmiştir. Anlam genişlemesi ve anlam daralmasına yol açabilecek içeriğe sahip olan bu kazanımlara ait fiiller, uygun kelimelerle değiştirilerek öğrenme sürecinde daha etkili bir şekilde kullanılabilir.
İŞLETMELERDE STRATEJİK YÖNETİM POLİTİKALARININ, COVİD-19 DÖNEMİ SONRASI YENİ NORMALLEŞME SÜRECİNDE YAPILANDIRILMASI
Authors: EFE Mehmet Naci
Published: December 2022

Sanayi Devrimiyle başlayan teknolojinin hızla gelişmesi, üretimde makinelerin yoğun kullanımı ile fabrikaların sayısını arttırdığı gözlenmektedir. Artan fabrika sayıları nedeniyle işletmeler stratejik yönetim politikaları geliştirerek pazar paylarını arttırmayı ve rekabette bir adım önde olmayı hedeflemektedirler. Ancak özellikle Sanayi Devrimi ve sonrasında; makineleşmenin artması, el emeğinin ikinci planda kalması, kırsal alanlardan kentlere göçün artması ile ülkelerin demografik yapısının değişmesi ve bunun sonucunda işçi nüfusunun artması sermaye sahiplerinin ucuz işçi çalıştırmaya yönelmesi işçilerin daha ağır şatlarda çalışmalarına neden olduğu öne sürülmektedir. Ağır koşullarda çalışmaya maruz kalan işçilerin, birtakım ayaklanmalar neticesinde seçme ve seçilme haklarının elde edilmesini, çalışma saatlerinin ve iş yeri koşullarının iyileştirilmesini ve sendikaların kurulmasını sağladığı ifade edilmektedir. İşçi hareketleri, ülkelerde birer toplumsal olaylara dönüşerek ilk küresel toplumsal hareketlilik halini aldığı gözlenmektedir. Yaşanan bu gelişmeler neticesinde işletmeler de stratejik yönetim politikalarında değişikliğe gitmekle beraber iş yerinde performansa dayalı üretimde kaliteden ödün vermeden işçi ve müşteri memnuniyeti dengesinde yeni kuramlar geliştirmişlerdir. Ancak teknolojinin gelişmesiyle üretim tarzında gözlenen değişim, doğanın da tahribatını hızlandırmıştır. Doğanın dengesinin bozulmasıyla hayvandan insana insandan insana geçen hastalıklar Pandemi olarak nitelendirilen küresel çapta salgın hastalık haline gelmiştir. Pandeminin oluşmasında gerekli yeter şartın bulaşıcılık özelliğinin olmasıdır: Örneğin Kanser Hastalığı birçok insanın ölümüne neden olsa da bulaşıcılık özeliği olmadığı için pandemi olarak nitelendirilmemektedir. Yaşanan Pandemiler nedeniyle ülkelerin demografik, ekonomik ve siyasi birçok yapısal alanda dengelerin bozulmasına neden olmaktadır. Pandemi dâhil toplum dinamiğini etkileyen her türlü gelişme devletler ile devletlerin ekonomik anlamda faaliyetlerini idame eden işletmeler, kendi stratejik yönetim politikalarını geliştirdikleri gözlenmektedir. İşletmeler tarafından geliştirilen ve bilimsel çalışmalarla desteklenen stratejik politikalar ilerleyen dönemlerde ihtiyaçlara cevap vermedikleri anlaşılmaktadır. İşlerliğini yitiren politika yaklaşımları yerini yeni yaklaşımlara devretmektedir; ancak geliştirilen her yeni yaklaşım bir önceki yaklaşımda alınan kararları ortadan kaldırmak yerine söz konusu kararları geliştirerek yeniden işlerlik kazandırdıkları tespit edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı toplumsal dinamiğe etki eden faktörlerden birinin ya da hepsinin değişimi toplumları nasıl ve ne ölçüde etkilediğinin araştırılmasının yanı sıra topluma yön veren işletmelerin stratejik yönetim politikalarının da ne yönde etkilendiğini ve akabinde yeni bir normalleşme süreci safhalarında hangi politikaların geliştirildiğini araştırmaktır.
Determinants of Late-Stage HIV Disease at Diagnosis in Singapore, 1996 to 2009
Authors: Tey Jeannie SH , Ang Li Wei , Tay Joanne , Cutter Jeffery L , James Lyn , Chew Suok Kai , Goh Kee Tai
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The delay in HIV diagnosis has been identified as a significant reason for late presentation to medical care. This research aims to elucidate the significant determinants of late-stage HIV infection in Singapore between 1996 and 2009, after the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapies. Materials and Methods: We included 3735 patients infected via sexual mode of transmission from the National HIV Registry diagnosed between 1996 and 2009. Late-stage HIV infection is defi ned as CD4 count less than 200 mm3 or AIDS-defining opportunistic infections at first diagnosis or within one year of HIV diagnosis. We determined independent epidemiological risk factors for late-stage HIV infection at first diagnosis using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that older age corresponded significantly with increasing odds of late-stage HIV infection. Compared to persons diagnosed at 15 to 24 years of age, those diagnosed at age 55 years and above were associated with 5-fold increased likelihood of late-stage infection (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 5.17; 95% CI, 3.21 to 8.33). Chinese ethnicity, singlehood, and non-professional occupations were also significantly associated with late-stage HIV infection. Persons detected in the course of medical care had over 3.5 times the odds of late-stage infection (AOR: 3.55; 95% CI, 2.71 to 4.65). Heterosexual mode of transmission and having sex workers and social escorts as sexual partners, were the other epidemiological risk factors with significant associations. Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasises the need to increase HIV awareness and to encourage early and regular HIV testing among at-risk persons. Key words: AIDS-defining illness, CD4 count, HAART
SOX40L: An Important Inflammatory Mediator in Adult Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Lei Wei , Zhu Can Hong , Zeng Da Xiong , Wang Qin , Zhang Xiu Qin , Chen Yan Bin , Mu Chuan Yong , Huang Jian An
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The role of soluble OX40 ligand (sOX40L) in adult bronchial asthma is unclear. This study aims to determine the serum concentrations of sOX40L in adult patients with bronchial asthma, and discussed its relationship with pulmonary function. Materials and Methods: We measured the pulmonary function using the spirometer and detected the serum concentrations of sOX40L by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 19 healthy persons in the control group, 58 acute asthmatic adult patients who were grouped according to their disease severity: 18 mild grade, 24 moderate grade, 16 severe grade, and 24 persons in a stable asthmatic group. Results: The serum concentrations of sOX40L in asthmatic adult patients (6.80 ± 4.95 ng/L) were distinctly higher than those in the control group (3.98 ± 2.83 ng/L, P <0.05), and they were negatively correlated with pulmonary function indexes (FEV1%, FVC%, FEV1/FVC) (r = –0.754, P <0.01, r = –0.557, P <0.01, r = –0.457, P <0.01, respectively). Moreover, the serum concentrations of sOX40L showed obvious differences among control, mild, moderate, and severe groups (3.98 ± 2.83, 4.87 ± 1.89, 6.97 ± 5.91, 8.71 ± 5.18 ng/L, respectively; P <0.01). The concentrations of sOX40L decreased to the same extent as the control group after therapeutic treatments were provided to the asthmatic adult patients. Conclusion: The concentrations of sOX40L were found to be high in adult asthmatic patients and were associated with the severity of the disease. Therefore, sOX40L could be a potential inflammatory mediator in the pathogenesis of asthma. Key words: Co-stimulatory, Pulmonary function, ELISA, Soluble OX40 ligand
Online alışverişte tüketiciler neden anlık satın alma dürtüsü gösterir? Sanal mağaza uyaranları ve akış deneyiminin rolleri
Authors: TEMEL Eren , ARMAĞAN Ece
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada temel olarak online (çevrimiçi) alışveriş ortamındaki akış deneyimine odaklanılmıştır. Bir nicel araştırmaya dayalı olarak sanal mağaza atmosferi, satış promosyonları, akış deneyimi ve anlık satın alma arasındaki ilişkilerin S-O-R paradigması çerçevesinde istatistiksel olarak incelenmesi amaçlamıştır. Bu doğrultuda sanal mağaza atmosferi ve satış promosyonları dışsal uyaranlar (S), akış deneyimi organizma (O), anlık satın alma ise bir tüketici tepkisi (R) olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın diğer bir amacını ise tüketicilerin demografik özellikleri ve satın alma alışkanlıkları bakımından ele alınan değişkenlerin incelenmesi oluşturmuştur. Nicel araştırmanın verilerini kolayda örnekleme kapsamında online anket yoluyla erişilen 407 tüketicinin yanıtları oluşturmuş ve veriler SPSS 24 istatistik yazılımında çözümlenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda erişilen bulgular, ele alınan değişkenlerin tümü arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca tüketicilerin çeşitli demografik özellikleri ve satın alma alışkanlıkları anlamlı gruplar arası farklılıklar sergilemiştir.
Sürdürülebilir pazarlamanın sürdürülebilir tüketim üzerindeki etkisinde çevre bilincinin aracılık rolü
Authors: KÜÇÜKYÖRÜK Gizem , KURTULDU Günay
Published: December 2022

Günümüzde hızlı nüfus artışı, çevre kirliliği, doğal kaynakların tükenmeye başlaması, iklim değişiklikleri, ekonomik krizler, sosyal eşitsizliğin artması gibi birçok problemde görülen artış sürdürülebilirliğin önemini daha da arttırmıştır. Gelecek nesillere daha adil, refah düzeyi yüksek ve yaşanabilir bir dünya bırakmak adına işletmelerin sürdürülebilir pazarlamayı anlamaları ve tüketicilerin çevre bilincine sahip olarak sürdürülebilir tüketim gerçekleştirmeleri oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sürdürülebilir pazarlama faaliyetlerinin tüketicilerin çevre bilinçleri ve sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışları üzerindeki etkilerini ve bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri bir model çerçevesinde ortaya koyabilmektir. Çalışmada kolayda örnekleme ve çevrimiçi anket yöntemleri kullanılmış ve 404 kişilik bir örneklem büyüklüğüne ulaşılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde keşfedici faktör analizi, güvenilirlik analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda sürdürülebilir pazarlama ve sürdürülebilir tüketim arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu; sürdürülebilir pazarlama ve çevre bilinci arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu; çevre bilinci ve sürdürülebilir tüketim arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca çevre bilincinin, sürdürülebilir pazarlama ile sürdürülebilir tüketim arasındaki ilişkide aracı etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation versus Intake of Ginger Powder on Dysmenorrhoea amongst the Nursing Students in Pune
Authors: Halder Annesa
Published: December 2022

The present study was conducted to examine the comparative efficacy of progressive muscle relaxation and the oral intake of ginger on symptoms of dysmenorrhoea among nursing students of Pune, Maharashtra. The study students (n=75) were divided into three groups, two experimental and one control. Ginger powder 1 gm per dose was administered twice a day with warm water after meal to the second experimental group during the first three days of their menstruation. Main outcome measures were the severity of selected symptoms of dysmenorrhoea. The daily symptom calendar, a 5-point Likert Scale was used to assess the severity of selected symptoms of dysmenorrhoea. Main outcome measures were the severity of selected symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, which were analysed using MANOVA. It was concluded that in treating symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, ginger powder has efficacy superior to progressive muscle relaxation.
Effect of Stress Management Interventions on Job Stress among Nurses working in Critical Care Units
Authors: Light C Irin , Bincy R
Published: December 2022

Stress in nurses affects their health and increases absenteeism, attrition rate, injury claims, infection rates and errors in treating patients. This in turn significantly increases the cost of employment in healthcare units. Proper management of stress ensures greater efficiency at work place and improved wellbeing of the employee. Therefore, a pre-experimental study was conducted among 30 Critical Care Unit nurses working in Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, (Kerala) to assess the effect of stress management interventions such as Job Stress Awareness, Assertiveness Training, Time Management, and Progressive Muscle Relaxation on job stress. The results showed that caring for patients, general job requirements and workload were the major sources of stress for the nurses. The level of severe stress was reduced from 60 percent to 20 percent during post-test. The Stress Management Interventions were statistically effective in reducing the stress of nurses at p<0.001 level.
Effect of Computer Assisted Instructions on Central Venous Catheter Care in Knowledge and Practice of Staff Nurses in a Selected Hospital in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: T Aniyan Asha , Shaiju Bindu
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instructions (CAI) on Central Venous Catheter (CVC) Care in terms of knowledge and practice of staff nurses working in intensive care units of a selected hospital in Uttar Pradesh. Using quantitative research approach, 30 staff nurses were included in the study based on purposive sampling technique and (a) a structured knowledge questionnaire was administered, and (b) an observation checklist was administered. It was found that the computer-assisted instructions on central venous catheter care was effective in increasing the knowledge and practice of staff nurses and there was a significant positive relationship between the post-test knowledge scores and post-test practice scores indicating that an increase in knowledge would result in better practice among staff nurses regarding central venous catheter care.
Effect of Video-Assisted Teaching Module on Home Care Management of Children with Mental Retardation
Authors: G Vimala
Published: December 2022

A quasi experimental study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of videoassisted teaching module regarding home care management of children with mental retardation on knowledge of parents. Data collected from so parents was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that video-assisted teaching module was effective in enhancing the knowledge of parents for handling children with mental retardation.
YENİ SONDAJLAR IŞIĞINDA ÇİNE TEPECİK HÖYÜĞÜ’NÜN PALEOCOĞRAFYA VE JEOARKEOLOJİSİ (ÇİNE - AYDIN)
Authors: İlhan Rifat , Karadaş Aylin , Vardar Serdar , Öner Ertuğ
Published: December 2022

Batı Anadolu’da Çine ilçesinin 5 km batısında yer alan Tepecik Höyüğü, dönemin işlek ticaret güzergahları üzerinde önemli bir konumdadır. Bu çalışma, höyüğün doğal çevresinin anlaşılması için kazı ekibince yapılan davet üzerine yapılmıştır. Tepecik Höyüğü ve çevresinin paleocoğrafya ve jeoarkeolojik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla delgi sondaj yöntemi ile yapılan çalışmalar 2018 yılından başlamıştır. Sonuçlar 2018 ve 2022 yaz sezonlarının verilerinin birlikte değerlendirilmesine dayanmaktadır. 2022 yılı sondajları höyüğün doğusundaki sulak alanın (art bataklık / göl) batı yönünde ilerlemediği, höyük doğusunda kuzey-güney doğrultulu olduğu ve güneye doğru derinliğinin ve genişliğinin arttığı izlenimi vermiştir. Höyüğün, batıya Çine çayına doğru uzanan bir anakaya sırtı ucunda bulunduğu, yerleşimin höyük merkezinde yer yer anakayanın, batıya doğru ise kırmızı killi kolüvyal (birikinti konisi) birimlerin üzerinden başladığı kesin bir şekilde ortaya konmuştur. Höyüğün sınırlarının kuzeydoğuda ÇTH-2022-02, kuzeybatıda ÇTH-2022-04, güneybatıda ÇTH-2022-05 sondaj yerlerine kadar uzandığı ve bu noktalarda bugünkü yüzeyden 8 - 8,25 m derinden itibaren yerleşmenin var olduğu gözlenmiştir
Impacto de las rehabilitaciones exprés sobre la pobreza energética en la ciudad de Valencia
Authors: Luján Torres Carlos , Moliner Galbis José , Rodríguez Hernández José Carlos ,   Universitat Politècnica de València, Vilariño Feltrer Guillermo
Published: December 2022

El desarrollo tecnológico de España en los últimos años va unido a un fuerte incremento en la demanda de energía.Esta tendencia ha buscado solucionar el problema a través de metodologías sostenibles que aumentasen la eficiencia energética para conseguir un menor consumo en equipos, sistemas de transporte y edificios de nueva construcción. Esta realidad la podemos encontrar en el parque de viviendas de nuestro país y, las instituciones y organismos públicos, han tratado de detectar a las familias que sufren la pobreza energética con la finalidad de ofrecerles ayudas y subvenciones. Esta situación ha sido examinada y estudiada por diversos organismos, que han expuesto la realidad de muchas familias en la ciudad de València.En esta línea se presenta este libro que supone un estudio de las medidas que se podrían considerar rehabilitaciones exprés. Se analiza cómo afectan los distintos cambios que podrían realizarse en viviendas modelo y qué resultados se derivan de los mismos, permitiendo establecer una dirección clara a seguir para mejorar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos con más dificultades