bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial Preface
Authors: Nurdin Nurdin
Published: December 2019

We gratefully thank to all authors who have contributed to the first issue of International Journal of Contemporary Law and Society (IJCILS). In this first issue (Vol. 1 issues 1) of IJCILS offers seven articles covering topics of Islamic law and society. Various issues relating to Islamic contemporary law and society are presented interestingly to contribute to the body of knowledge and practices. Academia and practitioners in Islamic law and society area may gain insight from reading these articles.

IJCILS is dedicated by Postgraduate studies of Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palu for all academia across the globe. In next issue, we expect writer and researcher over the entire world within Islamic law and society studies can contribute to IJCILS. The journal is a free access journal and we do not charge any publication fees. We expect this journal can contribute to the development of practical and theoretical knowledge within Islamic law and society.

Finally, I hope the articles presented in this issue add further empirical evidence to the growing body of research that examines various fields from Islamic law perspectives.  The articles could trigger other research to study law and society with Islam perspectives in broader contexts across the globe. 

 

Nurdin Nurdin

Editor-in-Chief

IJCILS: International Journal of Islamic Contemporary Law and Society
The Efforts of the Office of the Religious Affairs of South Palu in Resolving Marriage Conflicts
Authors: Ismail Ismail , Abidin Abidin , Lukman Lukman
Published: December 2019

This study discusses the efforts of the Office of the Religious Affairs (KUA) South Palu District to resolve marital conflict in the district. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach where different data collection techniques are employed such as observation, interview, and document reviews. Data analysis used applies data reduction, data presentation, and data verification while consistently considering its validity. The results of this study indicate that the efforts of the KUA of South Palu District in settling down marriage conflict while disseminating the marriage law No. 1, 1974 to the community.At the time of giving marriage counseling and in other religious events such as regular recitation held at the local mosque the head of the KUA do not forget to provide explanations to the public about the adverse impacts on marital conflicts. He also highlights the importance of maintaining a harmonious family. Furthermore, the head of the KUA and his staff continuously do marriage counseling to inculcate the understanding of the importance of maintaining harmony in the household to the people in public especially to prospective brides and bridegrooms. The head of the KUA and his staff also provide guidance in regard to the rights and obligations of a husband and a wife, parental responsibilities to children. The KUA provides supports, adequate facilities, and infrastructure, cooperation with other institutions, availability of regulations that support the implementation of the KUA programs. In addition,a commitment to accountable leadership as a determining factor in the attempts of the KUA to achieve the objectives within which the form of acceleration of the Commitment of the Head of the KUA, Penghulu, or in charge person to be either a guardian of a bride or to hold a marriage, and the role of religious figures in the community are the main goals of the office of the religious affairs.
RE-AFFIRMING ENGLISHNESS: ULTIMATE HALF-NESS AND (CRITICAL) MULTICULTURALISM IN BILLY BRAGG’S ENGLAND, HALF ENGLISH
Authors: Lisda Liyanti
Published: December 2019

National identity in Great Britain is always interesting to discuss, as it dealt with England, Scotland, Walles, and Northern-Ireland identity, yet it is English identity that overshadowed British Identity. The problematic concept of English identity also brought up by Billy Bragg, a remarkable British musician, in his England, Half English-song in early 2000. This paper scrutinizes the question of “what does half English mean and what should be meant by full English?” using critical views on multiculturalism. The result shows that the basic idea of Bragg's works important in showing how the most changeable and essential signs of national culture and the clearer voices of its immigrant are perfect expressions of the "ultimate" Half-ness of England.
EXISTENCE OF REGIONAL LANGUAGES IN SUBMISSION OF ISLAMIC DAKWAH
Authors: Amrul Ahsan Aysar
Published: December 2019

The role of language as a means to convey important Islamic dakwah. This paper reveals the existence of regional languages in it. Specific aspects of dakwah and additional personal aspects of mad'u are good formulas in achieving the goal of giving Islamic dakwah. The uniqueness of da'i by using regional languages will divide mad'u into certain choices. As for mad'u, a personal touch with the local language will generate interest and interest positively with the Islamic dakwah delivered
GENDER EQUALITY IN TEACHING MATERIALS OF ARABIC AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Akmaliyah Akmaliyah , Mohammad Ridho Rosyid , Syafiq Mughni A.
Published: December 2019

To inculcate since the early age concept of gender equality within children is essential and needs to intensify. One way to socialize this concept is through education. Arabic language as a subject formally taught among elementary school students, especially in their integrated system schools, can be utilized as a vehicle for this particular agenda.  A research conducted to study materials being taught in those schools in connection with gender equality is required. This paper is designed using analytic descriptive method to help accomplish that purpose.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS OF MADRASAH ALIYAH STUDENTS THROUGH DIRECTED WRITING ACTIVITY STRATEGY
Authors: Syafii Muhammad Lukman
Published: December 2019

This study was intended to improve the tenth graders’ quality in writing a descriptive text at Madrasah Aliyah through the Directed Writing Activity strategy. Its design was action research consisting of 4 stages, namely planning the action, implementing and observing the action, and reflecting on the action. Its subjects were class X consisting of 31 students. There were 3 instruments used to collect the data needed, i.e. fieldnotes, portfolios, a scoring guide, and questionnaire. The criteria for success of this study were (1) all students participated in the teaching and learning process, (2) all students got score of equal to or more than 3 in each aspect of writing. The findings indicated that in Cycle 1, the study did not meet the criteria of success. Concerning the first criterion, it was only 99% students following the teaching and learning process. One student was absent from the first meeting. In connection with the second criterion, 18 students (58.06%) had achieved a score of equal to or more than 3 and the rest, 13 students (41.94%) got scores below 3. Because the first cycle did not meet the criteria of success, so the researcher carried out the second cycle. All students (100%) participated in the teaching and learning process. In addition to the second criterion, all students got score equal to even greater than 3 in each aspect of writing. From the findings, it can draw the conclusion that the directed writing activity is being able to upgrade the quality in writing descriptive texts of students.
DESIGNING ENGLISH SPEAKING MATERIALS USING TASK- BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING (TBLT) FOR ISLAMIC ECONOMICS STUDENTS
Authors: Septiyana Linda
Published: December 2019

This research aimed to 1) describe the steps of designing English speaking materials using Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) for Islamic Economics Students of IAIN Metro 2) determine the students’ responses toward English Speaking Materials using Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT). The type of this research was Research and Development (R&D). This research was conducted within 5 months. The subjects were students of the Islamic Economics Department of IAIN Metro. The results showed that 1) the steps in designing English speaking materials using Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) are potency and problem, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, product revision. Product testing was used to determine the students’ responses toward the product. and 2) The results of students' responses analysis towards English speaking materials using Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) which distributed to 24 Islamic Economics students were very good. It can be seen from the the average score after being converted into quantitative data that was 3.46. Therefore, English speaking materials using Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) are considered reasonable to use.
NOTE-TAKING AS A TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Rusdiansyah Rusdiansyah
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to explain the effective way in teaching reading comprehension through Note-Taking technique. Reading is an important skill in learning a language besides listening, speaking, and writing. It is an effort to increase our knowledge and achievement. Everyone should have the ability to read, especially in English because the fact shows that most of the scientific books are written in English. This research applied Classroom Action Research method by using four stages, such as; planning, implementation of action, observation, and reflection. This research conducted in two cycles. They were first and second cycle. Each cycle comprises the series of activities which relates each other. The realization of the second cycle was continued and improved based on the evaluation of the first cycle. The results of this research can be explained that note taking technique increase students’ reading comprehension. In this research, the researcher applied note-taking technique to increase students’ reading comprehension ability because by using note-taking technique the students are easier to make note and easy to answer the questions. They can explain about the keywords or the main ideas of the text, and absolutely they can comprehend the text. The result of the students is increasing by looking their score in cycle 1 and cycle 2. Their mean score in cycle 1 only 51 and cycle 2 the score develops to be 76. It means that the student’s reading comprehension was increased.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHER FACTORS AND MALAYSIAN UNDERGRADUATES’ GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN WRITING
Authors: Abdul Ghani Khatipah Binti , Shing Soo Ruey
Published: December 2019

This study aims to analyse grammatical problems in writing encountered by undergraduates in Malaysian University English Test (MUET), and to determine whether teachers’ teaching backgrounds and teaching methodologies had any impact on the undergraduates’ errors in writing. 335 writing scripts were analyzed in order to identify students’ grammatical errors. Additionally, to analyse the relationship between various teacher factors and students’ grammatical errors in writing, questionnaires were administered to fifteen full-time English teachers in a Malaysian university. The analysis of the scripts revealed that the undergraduates had the most problem in using verbs, followed by nouns, pronouns, prepositions and sentence patterns. Statistical analyses indicated that teachers’ teaching experiences, academic qualifications and teaching approaches had significant impact on the undergraduates’ grammatical problems in writing, to a certain extent. Based on the findings of this study, language teachers are suggested to vary their teaching approaches according to the types of grammatical items and expand the contexts while teaching grammar. It is also recommended that teachers at all levels require retraining periodically for professional development.
STUDENTS’ ENGAGEMENT AND INTEREST IN LEARNING WRITING THROUGH MIND MAPPING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Wahyu Wahyu
Published: December 2019

The objective of this research was to find out whether the use of mind mapping technique is effective or ineffective in improving students’ engagement and interest in learning writing. The researcher employed quantitative method with the quasi-experimental design. The research was conducted to the fourth-semester students of English Study Program of IAIN Bone. The data were collected by using observation checklist, writing test, and questionnaire. The data from observation checklist were used to find out students’ behavioral engagement, in this case, students’ participation in experimental group which was taught writing subject through mind mapping technique. The writing test was given twice for both experimental and control group to investigate the students’ writing ability which shows students’ cognitive engagement before and after the treatment was conducted. It can be concluded that the use of mind mapping technique in learning writing is effective to increase students’ engagement and interest. Moreover, further analysis shows that students’ behavioral engagement is higher than students’ cognitive engagement and students’ expressed interest increases higher than other types of interest due to the technique used which was mind mapping technique.
TEACHERS’ STRATEGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH AT VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Asmin Arny Irhani
Published: December 2019

This paper presents an analysis of teaching strategies of the English teachers at the Vocational High School in Luwu. The qualitative method applied to analyze the strategies implemented by two English teachers of the Computer Network Department in a Vocational High School in Luwu. The data indicated that both teachers followed the 2013 curriculum by applying Scientific Learning Approach which consists of observing, questioning, experimenting, associating, and communicating as the core activity in the learning process. Moreover, both teachers commonly applied cooperative learning method, such as small group discussion and pair work. Unfortunately, the English instructions applied was the same as general English, whereas we knew that teaching English in vocational secondary education should be taken into account as English for Specific Purposes. Other than that, the teachers even use the same textbooks as general high school where the contents are frequently inadequate to the vocational students’ needs. Teacher argued that they have limited time and lack of understanding on how to design the specific teaching materials for students.
COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES: WHAT INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS DO IN CASUAL CONVERSATION?
Authors: Yonata Fadhila , Saptani Dewi Amalia
Published: December 2019

In tackling casual conversation, most foreign language learners have problems in negotiating the intended meaning smoothly. One of the reasons is the lack of optimization of communication strategies to compensate communication breakdowns.  This study attempts to reveal Indonesian advance English learners actual competence in engaging in a casual conversation. The data were taken from two recorded conversations lasted for 15 minutes which were then transcribed and analyzed with respect to communication strategies by implementing spoken discourse analysis. The percentage of kind of communication strategies results suggest that filler is the most frequent strategy used by speakers, followed by repetition, appeal for help and self-repair. These findings show that the participants have enough linguistic resources but having problem in verbalizing their mental concept due to insufficient practice.
THE DIFFERENT THEORIES OF TRUTH THREE BROTHERS (CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE, WILLIAM JAMES AND JOHN DEWEY)
Authors: Silalahi Novia S. , Putri Avivah A. , Sianturi Indah K. , Chasanah Aprillia
Published: December 2019

The theory of truth is that truth statements consist of practical consequences, especially in agreement with subsequent experience. The purpose of this study is to discuss the different theories of truth proposed by Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. This study uses a qualitative methodology that uses the analysis of this research article to reveal the basic theories and differences from each expert as they are known as pragmatic researchers with their theories of truth. This paper is intended to explore and provide different pragmatic theories of the three truths by Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. This reward research to see that results from differences in the theory of truth by Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey which results in that Peirce is often associated with the idea that true beliefs are those who will stand the test in the future; James with the idea that true trust is reliable and also beneficial; while Dewey with that idea claims of ownership are verified (or "valuation"). Therefore, expecting further research is to find the effects of different theories of truth from the three experts in various contexts.
ONLINE GAME AND CHILDREN’S LANGUAGE BEHAVIOR
Authors: Munawir Ahmad
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study examines the dangers of online games on children's language behavior. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive type. The data collection method uses observation by describing the results of video observations that show the interaction of children while playing online games. The online game that was studied was Playerunknown’s Battlegrounds (PUBG). The data obtained are then analyzed interactively by means of reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that when playing online games children absorb a lot of abusive / negative language so that the language behavior becomes distorted. Words or terms that are often used by children such as dogs, idiots (monks), monkeys, bencong (sissy), dogs, idiots / idiots / fools (stupid), dick (male genitalia), tampol (slap), son of a bitch (bastard (slap) brash), and tonjok (hit). It was concluded that online games make many children absorb abusive or negative language so that the language behavior becomes bad. It is recommended to parents, teachers and policy makers not to recommend children to play online games that are specifically violent and have a verbal interaction menu.
THE RELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ OPTIMISM AND LISTENING ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Ansar Fithrah Auliya , Indrasari Nunun
Published: December 2019

Learning is more about the act of transferring knowledge. However, the successfulness of students depends on their emotions in learning knowledge. Optimism is one of the factor that may influence the students’ achievement in the lesson. The purpose of the research is to find the correlation between the optimism and students’ listening achievement through knowing  the way of optimism works in listening class and the significant influence between students optimism and listening achievement. The method of this research is correlation method by using quantitative data. This research was conducted in the class of listening in the third semester of University of Raden Intan Lampung in the academic year 2018-2019. The population of this study is the student of the third semester of listening class of State Islamic University Raden Intan Lampung.  The instruments used in this research are Questionnaire and documentation. The finding in this result is the optimism level of students were mostly moderate. There were 81.8 % of moderate optimism by the students in listening and the result of correlation coefficient value was 0.668 which means that there was a positive correlation between them. As a result, The higher of  the students’ optimism can cause the higher achievement of the students in listening class.
Comprehensive Investigation of Thermal Degradation Characteristics and Properties Changes of Plant Edible Oils by FTIR-Spectroscopy
Authors: Rexhepi Fatos , Surleva Andriana , Hyseni Arbër , Bruçi Melisa , Kodraliu Blerina
Published: December 2019

Structural characterization of edible oils after thermal treatment was made by (FTIR) spectroscopy. Olive, corn and sunflower oil samples were thermally treated at three consecutive cycles. Each cycle consisted of heating at the boiling point for 8 h, followed by cooling at room temperature for 16 h. At the end of each cycle the characteristics of oils were studied by FTIR spectroscopy and standard methods.

Study of FTIR spectra of the treated oils revealed that the heating of oils caused significant changes in the intensities of their bands and produced shifts in the position of specific bands such as 3008 cm−1 and 1745 cm−1. The level of oil oxidation during different heating period was followed by the absorbance ratio at 3530/3472 cm−1. Additionally, the absorbance ratio 2853/3008 cm−1 was used as a measure of degree of unsaturation. The thermal heating of oils produced an initial decrease in the specific absorbance ratios which could be attributed to the reduction of unsaturated fatty acid content due to oxidation process. The results in this study demonstrated that FTIR could be used for assessment of the state of oils by using specific absorbance ratios as indicators.
Comparative dissolution studies on granules with acetaminophen and caffeine using the basket and paddle methods with simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of active substances
Authors: Szumilo Michal , Belniak Piotr , Kasperek-Nowakiewicz Regina , Holody Ewelina , Poleszak Ewa
Published: December 2019

Acetaminophen and caffeine, popular therapeutic substances used to relieve pain or alleviate the symptoms of cold. The aims of the study were the comparison of granules, in terms of dissolution rate and moreover the development of spectrophotometric method to the simultaneous determination of both active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in granules. The granules were tested by two pharmacopoeial methods of dissolution for solid dosage forms, and the dissolution profiles for each formulation were compared. A method of simultaneous determination of two medicinal substances by the double calibration method using derivative spectrophotometry was used. Considering the dissolution process carried out in the paddle apparatus, it was shown that more than 80% of acetaminophen and caffeine were released from each of the preparations in a clearly shorter time than 10 minutes. Carrying out the basket test, substances dissolved gradually, much slower than in the paddle method. The time required to release 80% of both active substances from majority of tested preparations was from 30 to 45 minutes. Application of the first derivative spectrophotometric method allows simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and caffeine in the mixture, without the need to separate them first.
Challenges in technology of bilayer and multi-layer tablets: a mini-review
Authors: Blicharski Tomasz , Swiader Katarzyna , Serefko Anna , Kulczycka-Mamona Sylwia , Kolodziejczyk Michal , Szopa Aleksandra
Published: December 2019

Bilayer and multi-layer tablets are enjoying growing popularity among original drug and generic product manufacturers. Multi-layer tablets have many key benefits compared to classic immediate-release tablets. The use of such solid oral dosage forms simplifies dosing regimens in combination therapy, and thus improves patient compliance. However, the technology of multilayer tablets is demanding and requires precise choice of excipients and production parameters with regard to each technological step. The main benefits of multi-layer tablets, certain aspects of their production and the challenges encountered during the compression process are reviewed in this paper.
Support of Smart Specializations in Polish Regions Under Cohesion Policy - Example of the Lubelskie Voivodeship
Authors: Wojewódzka-Wiewiórska Agnieszka , Stawicki Maciej
Published: December 2019

Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the work is to present the possibilities and assess the use of support for smart specializations under the EU cohesion policy 2014-2020 in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. Research tasks: classification of projects implemented under the ROP of the Lubelskie Voivodeship 2014-2020 (ROP LV) depending on their adaptation to the region’s smart specializations; determining the size of support for the development of region’s smart specializations.

Materials and methods: The research material is a database of projects co-financed from EU funds for 2014-2020, projects implemented under axis 1 of ROP LV were analyzed.

Results: The total value of funding for the region’s smart specializations was PLN 194 million. The largest number of projects was implemented by enterprises within the specialization of IT and automation. About 20% of funds were acquired by entities from outside the smart specialization industries.

Conclusions: ROP LV is an important tool to support research and development activities in the Lubelskie Voivodeship.
The State of and Prospects for the Development of Cycling Tourism in Central Roztocze, According to Tourists
Authors: Kozak Agnieszka
Published: December 2019

Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of the paper is to present the state of and prospects for the development of cycling tourism in Central Roztocze, a physico-geographical mesoregion in south- eastern Poland.

Materials and methods: The research was carried out by means of a diagnostic survey using the survey technique and a literature review. It was carried out in the period from April to June 2018 on a sample of 128 tourists.

Results: The research showed that tourists most often cycle several times a week, covering distances of more than 30 km. The main reason for visiting this region is its natural values. The general assessment of the tourist routes indicates that they are not sufficiently prepared for tourists. It was also shown that in order to popularise cycling tourism, it is necessary to expand lodging facilities, and to provide more practical information about routes.

Conclusions: The main factor encouraging tourists to visit Central Roztocze is its natural beauty. The general condition of the routes was assessed by the respondents as “average”. The factor conducive to the development of cycling tourism in Central Roztocze might be the development of the cycling infrastructure, including lodging facilities and practical information on cycling trails.
The Role of Payment Cards as a Transaction Tool in Poland
Authors: Golnik Bartosz
Published: December 2019

Subject and purpose of work: The article addresses the issue of the increasing use of payment cards in Poland and related consequences in the number and volume of transactions cash and cashless. The article analyzes the growing importance of cards as a transaction medium of Poles. The topic of potential alternative payment methods was also discussed.

Materials and methods: The study used the analysis of literature and source data from, among others, National Bank of Poland, prnews.pl, Statista.com database, websites of banks and others. Descriptive and statistical methods were used in order to prepare the research.

Results: In Poland, the number of cards owned by citizens is growing rapidly, as well as the volume and number of transactions concluded with them. Customers, banks and economic and commercial units are most interested in payment cards market.

Conclusions: Transaction with cards deepens customer attachment to a particular brand of the organization and allows to gain benefit from transaction fees. The popularization of cards results in a limited share of cash in transactions. Making debit card payments requires customers to have sufficient deposits on the account, which is also an advantage for the bank. It is expected that the scope and role of mobile payments will grow dynamically.
Application of ZnO-nanoparticles to manage Rhizopus soft rot of sweet potato and prolong shelf-life
Authors: Nafady Nivien A. , Alamri Saad A.M. , Hassan Elhagag Ahmed , Hashem Mohamed , Mostafa Yasser S. , Abo-Elyousr Kamal A.M.
Published: December 2019

A reduction in crop spoilage and an increase in shelf-life is the goal of effective disease control methods. This study aimed to assess ZnO-nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as a safe, new protectant against Rhizopus soft rot of sweet potato. ZnO-NPs had a fungicidal effect against Rhizopus stolonifer when used at concentrations above 50 ppm. The results showed that tubers treated with ZnO-NPs exhibited fewer fungal populations (1.2 CFU per segment) than those that did not receive the treatment. Tubers infected with Rhizopus stolonifer and treated with ZnO-NPs showed no visible decay for up to 15 days, indicating that ZnO-NPs act as a coating layer on tuber surface. The greatest weight loss after 15 days of storage was reported in infected tubers (8.98%), followed by infected tubers treated with ZnO (6.54%) and infected tubers treated with ZnO-NPs (3.79%). The activity of cell-wall degrading enzymes, α-amylase and cellulase, were significantly increased in both infected tubers and those treated with ZnO, compared to the tubers treated with ZnO-NPs. These results confirm that coating with ZnO-NPs is an effective method of protecting sweet potato tubers from infection, maintaining their quality and increasing their shelf-life for up to 2 months in storage.
Preparedness of Pregraduate Student Nurses to Practice Their Profession in Crèches
Authors: Markova Gergana V. , Dimitrova Evgeniya K.
Published: December 2019

Nursing degree courses in Bulgaria provide a wide range of career opportunities to graduates. These opportunities, however, do not solve the current problems of the healthcare system. This communication presents the results of a survey conducted among graduate students majoring in the nursing specialty at the Medical University in Pleven. The survey aimed to acquire information on the graduates’ willingness to practice in nurseries. A questionnaire containing 26 questions specially designed for the study was used. The data were processed with statistical software packages Statgraphics; SPSS v. 19 and Excel for Windows. Despite the sound theoretical and practical course of training, 13 (21.67%) of the students were embarrassed, and 13 said they had been cautious when they first entered a crèches during their training. Almost half of the respondents – 29 (48.33%) reported that they might work in a crèches only if it is necessary, and 16 (26.66%) – never. Only 9 (15.00%) declared they would be committed to caring for children aged one to three years. At the end of their training, student nurses did not feel sufficiently prepared for the psychological and pedagogical challenges to practice their profession in such child day care centers. The respondents had no clear idea of the role of the nurse in a crèches. Very few of the student nurses reported a willingness to work in a crèches.
The Role of Cholesterol in Assessing the Condition of the Surgical Patients
Authors: Stavrova-Hristova Ralitsa P.
Published: December 2019

Cholesterol is a white, waxy substance that always takes part in building each cell in the human body. The role of cholesterol in the normal functioning of the human body has been known for a long time, however, it is mainly due to its elevated levels and the health risk of it. It is less well known that low serum cholesterol levels are associated with serious health problems. When it comes to intensive care unit (ICU) patients, hypocholesterolemia may indicate infectious complications, impaired hepatic synthesis, significant bodily injury. Surgical patients are judged for operative trauma and perioperative stress, as well as for the resuscitation process.
Applanation Tonometry for Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Load
Authors: Mileva-Popova Rene D. , Belova Nina Y.
Published: December 2019

Vascular-ventricular coupling is a major determinant of left ventricular load. The aim of our study was to assess non- invasively left ventricular load and its dependency on central hemodynamics. Sixty-five healthy and gender-matched individuals were divided in two groups according to their age: 20y/o and 50y/o. Applanation tonometry was performed using the Sphygmocor device. Central pressures and pulse wave analysis indices were computed. Central systolic (120±3 vs. 98±2 mm Hg) and pulse pressures (43±3 vs. 29±1 mm Hg) as well as the augmentation index (AIx75) (23±3 vs. 6±2%) were significantly higher in the 50y/o group (p<0.01). These parameters are relevant markers of arterial stiffness and evidenced the development of central arterial morphological and functional alterations in the older subjects. The time-tension index (TTI) computed from the systolic pressure area was significantly higher in the 50y/o subjects as compared to the 20y/o group (2378±66 vs. 1954±73 mmHg×s, p<0.01). Moreover, we have shown the presence of significant correlation between TTI and AIx75 (p<0.01) in both age groups. This finding confirmed the contribution of arterial stiffness for the impaired vascular-ventricular coupling. In conclusion, applanation tonometry might be utilized for non-invasive evaluation of the left ventricular load, which is an important parameter of cardiovascular risk.
Comparative Analysis of Results Between Robot-Assisted and Open Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Kolev Nikolay
Published: December 2019

We aimed to compare results between patients with early- stage prostate cancer who underwent robot-assisted and open radical prostatectomy. We examined preoperative and postoperative data, early and late complications, and analysed oncological and functional outcomes (continence and erectile function) during follow-up.

We studied the data of 123 patients with localized prostate cancer, operated with nerve-sparing retropubic radical prostatectomy, divided into two groups. Group 1 included 70 patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Group 2 included 53 patients, on whom open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) was performed. We compared preoperative data, complications rate, oncological, and functional outcome (continence and erectile function) during the follow-up period.

Operative time was significantly lower in the RRP group. Blood loss and earlier removal of the urinary catheter were significantly lower in the RARP group. The percentage of significant postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo III-IV) was 0% in the first group and 3% in the second group. During follow-up, the improvement in the functional outcome - continence and erectile function was significantly better in the robot-assisted surgery patients.

There were statistically significant better functional outcomes in patients operated on using the robot-assisted technique. The operating time was shorter in the classic radical prostatectomy. The application of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy may help achieve earlier recovery, as compared to open radical prostatectomy.
CLIL: Conceptual differences in teaching “realia” to philological and non-philological students
Authors: Javorčíková Jana , Zelenková Anna
Published: December 2019

In Slovakia, modern Cultural Studies of English-speaking countries have been integrated into university curricula since the 1990s. However, there is a fundamental difference in the role CLIL plays in teaching “realia” (alternatively: cultural studies, country studies and area studies) for philological students and for business students of non-philological faculties. While philological students study realia with primary linguistic and cultural goals (i.e. to learn new words, terminology, context and comparative cultural aspects), non-philological students’ goals are business oriented (i.e. allow a successful graduate to function effectively in a new business environment). That affects the methodology, teaching procedure and assessment of both disciplines in debate.
Facets of translation in foreign language education: a tentative classification of forms and uses
Authors: Liashuk Xenia
Published: December 2019

The paper provides an overview of the forms in which translation is used in foreign language education. A tentative classification is suggested which differentiates between facilitative translation as a supporting process that helps to overcome learning constraints, deliberate translation as an independent task with a predetermined objective that targets learners’ foreign language competence and skills, and simulated translation as an activity from which additional pedagogical benefits regarding learners’ foreign language proficiency can be derived. From the side of the learner, facilitative translation constitutes a complex learning strategy that can be applied for a variety of strategic purposes (memory-related, cognitive, compensatory, metacognitive, affective, and social), while from the side of the teacher it represents a scaffolding tool that can be consolidated into a fully-fledged teaching technique. Deliberate translation can further be differentiated according to the specifics of pedagogical focus. Language-focused translation, targeting learners’ grammatical accuracy or vocabulary range and control, and skill-focused translation, targeting one of the four basic communicative language skills, can be used for both instruction-related and diagnostic purposes. The focus on the holistic use of the available linguistic repertoire results in the two complex uses of translation as an incentive for communication and as a communicative activity aimed at developing the skill of cross-language mediation. A particular type of simulated translation which appears to be particularly suited for the purposes of foreign language education is audiovisual translation.
THE CHOICE OF METHOD OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OBESITY (review of literature)
Authors: Sedletsky Yu. I. , Vasilevsky D. I.
Published: December 2019

During the long history of obesity surgery and associated diseases, a large number of operation techniques with different mechanisms of action have been proposed. However, all currently existing options for surgical correction of obesity have their advantages and disadvantages, ultimately determining the results and side effects of treatment. This circumstance determines the exceptional importance of the correct choice of methods for bariatric surgery. The article considers the basic principles and criteria for choosing the method of surgical treatment of overweight and related diseases from different perspectives.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The authors confirm that they respect the rights of the people participated in the study, including obtaining informed consent when it is necessary, and the rules of treatment of animals when they are used in the study. Author Guidelines contains the detailed information.
PROCEEDINGS OF SESSIONS OF THE SECTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY OF THE PIROGOV SURGICAL SOCIETIES № 245–247
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2019

Proceedings of sessions of the section of cardiovascular surgery of the Pirogov Surgical Societies № 245–247.
AMPLIAR, MEZCLAR, VIRTUALIZAR. PERSPECTIVAS DIGITALES INMERSIVAS PARA APRENDER Y ENSEÑAR
Authors: Coicaud Silvia Mabel
Published: December 2019

Los desarrollos tecnológicos que incorporan Realidad mixta desde Realidad aumentada y virtual expanden enormemente las posibilidades educativas. En estas propuestas didácticas cada objeto es un instrumento que extiende nuestro cuerpo, participando inmersivamente en mundos virtuales. Estas formas narrativas modifican la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, fundamentalmente por cambios cualitativos en la construcción del conocimiento. Serán imprescindibles habilidades para seleccionar información, comprenderla y conectarse con fuentes y comunidades de referencia. Pero el Estado no puede des-responsabilizarse respecto a la educación pública, gratuita y universal. De otro modo, las empresas pueden utilizar datos procesados por algoritmos, creando playlists educativas personalizadas para vender servicios.
A Evolução do Conceito dos Spillovers do Conhecimento
Authors: Cristo-Andrade Silveli , Sidoncha Idalina Proença Maia
Published: December 2019

Baseado na necessidade que as empresas têm de se manterem competitivas e dinâmicas em um cenário de constante mutação, este estudo teórico procurou descrever a evolução do conceito de spillovers de conhecimento, apresentando para isso um quadro demonstrando sua evolução. Para realizar esta tarefa foram analisados 23 artigos de desenvolvimento teórico sobre a temática, resultantes de uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a teoria dos spillovers de conhecimento. A contribuição teórica deste estudo se apresenta em um quadro demonstrando conceitos, principais insights sobre o tema, autores e o surgimento de novos elementos dentro do conceito de spillovers de conhecimento ao longo do tempo.
ESTUDO DA VALORAÇÃO DA IMPORTÂNCIA DAS RELAÇÕES INTERPESSOAIS NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA NO TRABALHO EM UMA REDE SUPERMERCADISTA DA REGIÃO CENTRAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Menegazzi Raquel Boff , Breunig de Freitas Andrea Karla , Marcon Juliana Vidal
Published: December 2019

Os ambientes laborais estão atentos às mudanças ocorridas na sociedade, pela busca de um local agradável e seguro, propício à produtividade, pois este cotidiano influencia diretamente na vida e nas emoções das pessoas. O que se observa é que para trabalhar bem, e em grupo, as pessoas precisam possuir não apenas competências técnicas para realizar suas funções, mas também competências emocionais. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa possui como objetivo avaliar a relação existente entre os fatores interpessoais no ambiente laboral com a qualidade de vida no trabalho. Classifica-se como bibliográfica, com caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, de âmbito exploratório-descritivo. Para a realização do estudo, foi aplicado um questionário com os colaboradores de uma rede supermercadista da região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Através da análise dos dados, foi possível verificar que a qualidade de vida no trabalho está atrelada com a maneira em que as relações interpessoais ocorrem neste ambiente, bem como sua influência no alcance ou não dos objetivos. Evidenciou-se ainda resultados assertivos sobre a satisfação e insatisfação dos colaboradores. Estima-se como projeções futuras realizar um plano de ação para possibilitar melhorias dos aspectos das relações interpessoais que interferem na qualidade de vida no trabalho.
Words and Meanings of Love in Arabic and English with Reference to Translation
Authors: Hussein Marwan M. , Thannoon Safwan I.
Published: December 2019

The research is an attempt to shed light on words of love in both Arabic and English for the sake of showing the main differences and similarities between both languages and ways of thinking by the speakers of both cultures.

Each word carries a positive and/or negative sense which may be covered by the so-called word nuances. Arabic words are unique in their denotation with different connotations. Therefore, it is difficult to say that a word can stand for another one because Arabic words of love, as the study reveals, are to varying degrees highly emotional and meaningful. English words of love, on the other hand, are clear and forward, frequently associated with sex in modern English. For this reason, they are elaborated on separately as a threshold to discuss the main problems emerging in translating some of them particularly, from Arabic into English. It is found that there is no one-to-one correspondence, except for few of them, between the Arabic words and their English counterparts.

The research indicates that the translation of words of love is highly stylistically and contextually bound. Hence, translating such words requires a well-versed and competent translator.

Finally, the research comes up with some conclusions that have been arrived at during this work.
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF PREVENTION OF SUICIDE IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATIO
Authors: Shamrei V. K. , Dnov K. V. , Evdokimov V. I.
Published: December 2019

Relevance. The level of suicides, according to several authors, is one of the most significant indicators of mental health in society, including in the armies of the world.

Intention. To analyze suicides and their existing prevention system in the Russian Federation population and Armed Forces in 2007–2018.

Methodology. Mental disorders and behavioral disorders (F00–F99 by Chapter V, the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision) were analyzed according to 3/MED Form in the military units, where ≥ 80 % of the military personnel served. The longterm trends of the main statistical indicators of suicides and mental disorders among military personnel compared to the Russian population have been established.

Results and Discussion.In 2007–2018, the level of suicides in the Russian Armed Forces was (12.00 ± 1.35) per 100 thousand military personnel and was 1.7 times lower than in the population of Russia (20.12 ± 1.56) per 100 thousand (p < 0.001). The level of suicides seems to decrease among the military personnel of the Russian Armed Forces. When analyzing the longterm incidence of mental disorders and the level of suicides in the personnel of the Armed Forces of Russia, no significant correlation was found. At the same time, in a cohort of officers and ensigns, a statistically significant correlation was established between the level of suicides and the general incidence of the Chapter V diseases (r = 0.87; p < 0.01), including stressrelated neurotic and somatoform disorders (F40–F48; r = 0.72; p < 0.01), mental and behavioral disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances (F10–F19; r = 0.89; p < 0.001). In the military conscripts, there was a correlation between the level of suicides and general morbidity related to Chapter V diseases (r = 0.72; p < 0.05), including personality and behavior disorders in adulthood (F60–F69; r = 0.81; p < 0.01) and organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders (F00– F09; r = 0.76; p < 0.05). It was revealed that among the officers and military personnel under the contract, family and domestic causes of suicide prevailed in contrast to the draft servicemen. Meanwhile somatic and mental diseases as a predominant cause of suicide accounted for a relatively small proportion.

Conclusion.Psychoprophylactic measures should be aimed at early detection of servicemen prone to suicidal behavior, effective assistance in resolving militaryprofessional difficulties and domestic problems, as well as at improving their adaptation to military service. Special attention should be paid to the early detection of people with addictive disorders, especially alcohol abusers.
Financial Delegation system in the Context of New Public Management: Evidence from an Australian Public Sector Organization
Authors: SHİL Nikhil Chandra , CHOWDHURY Anup
Published: December 2019

This paper
contributes to the study of financial management in public sector organization
in the context of New Public Management (NPM). It deploys an earnest attempt to
explore the financial delegation system in the context of NPM initiatives in
Australia. A government department in the Australian Capital Territory has been
adopted as the field for investigation. The nature of the present research is
explorative and the focus of this research is to study in depth of a particular
phenomena. Qualitative research methodology was chosen to obtain a better
understanding of the phenomena. Case-based research method was used in
developing a fuller understanding of the relative role of financial delegation
system in the management of organisational performance. In this study, data
collection involved a triangulation approach and the three sources were archival
records, interviews and observation. As financial delegation system is socially
constructed, Giddens’ structuration theory was adopted in this research to
obtain a better understanding of human actions and to explore how these control
devices are implicated in the wider social context through time. Empirical
evidence from the field supported that the selected researched organisation has
adopted a wide range of financial delegation mechanisms within the
organization. The research also demonstrated that the implementation of financial
delegation system in the selected organization is the function of NPM in the
key areas of financial management. These findings are consistent with the view
that NPM promotes a culture of performance in Australian public sector.