bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the structural-aggregate composition of ordinary chernozems under the steppe and forest vegetation
Authors: Gorban V. A. , Boloban A. O.
Published: February 2020

The structural-aggregate composition is an important soil characteristic, which reflects the features of the genesis, condition and regimes of soils. The structural and aggregate composition of ordinary chernozems under zonal steppe vegetation and under artificial forest plantations from white acacia and common oak in the conditions of the Prisamaría was studied. As a result, it was found that in all the studied soils the greatest content falls on the fraction 2–1 mm in size. In ordinary chernozems in the upper horizons, under the stands of white acacia and common oak, an increase in the content of this agronomically valuable fraction is observed. Also in ordinary chernozem under forest stands, an increase in the value of the structural coefficient is observed compared with ordinary chernozem under steppe vegetation. In ordinary chernozem the most favorable effect of the growth of white acacia was found in horizon H, and the growth of ordinary oak in horizon H2, in which the highest values ​​of the structural coefficient were found. In the studied ordinary chernozems under the steppe and forest vegetation a predominance of the water-resistant fraction of size <0.25 mm is observed. The positive effect of white acacia and common oak plantations on the water resistance of aggregates of common chernozem in the upper horizons is manifested in a decrease in the content of the fraction of size <0.25 mm compared to ordinary chernozem. In ordinary chernozems under steppe vegetation the most favorable conditions for the formation of agronomically valuable fractions during dry sieving are characteristic of the lower horizons and for chernozems under forest stands in the upper horizons. In all the studied soils the highest content of agronomically valuable fractions during wet sieving was found in the upper horizons, but there are more of them in chernozems under forest stands. The highest content of agronomically valuable fractions in all studied soils is observed in the lower horizons and their highest content in the upper horizons is found in ordinary chernozems under the steppe vegetation. The highest values ​​of the water resistance criterion are characteristic of the lower horizons of the studied chernozems. The maximum values ​​of this criterion were found in ordinary chernozem under oak plantation, and the smallest – under acacia plantation. The growth of forest plantations on ordinary chernozems leads to an improvement in their structural-aggregate composition.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the dice snake Natrix tessellata (Reptilia, Colubridae) from ecosystems of different anthropogenic loads in modern conditions of the steppe Dnieper area
Authors: Yermolenko S. V. , Gasso V. Ya. , Hagut A. M. , Hasso I. A. , Spirina V. A.
Published: February 2020

We studied the peculiarities of bioaccumulation and distribution of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, zinc and copper) in the bone tissue, liver and kidneys of the dice snake Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) inhabited ecosystems under different anthropogenic loads in 2015-2016. Mature individuals were caught in anthropogenically transformed ecosystems of the sanitary-protective zone of the Dniprovska Thermal Power Plant (SPZ DTPP) (48.402°N, 35.111°E, n = 7), coastal ecosystems of the National Nature Park «Velykyi Luh» (47.443°N, 35.149°E, n = 8) and in the Maiorka gully ecosystems (48.260°N, 35.170°E, n = 7). The gross content of metals in the organs of N. tessellata was determined after their dry ashing in a muffle furnace. Determination of the trace elements was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Among the studied trace elements, zinc has the highest concentrations in the liver, kidneys and bones of N. tessellata. The kidneys and liver are characterized by such amount of concentrations: Zn> Cu> Pb> Cd, but bone tissue has the following ratio Zn> Pb> Cu> Cd. The highest concentration of cadmium is found in the kidneys, and the lowest one – in the bones of snakes. There are the highest contents of lead and copper in the snakes’ liver, but the lowest in the kidneys and bones. The lead bioaccumulations in organs of snakes from different ecosystems are dissimilar. Zinc content in bones is higher than in kidneys and liver, but the lowest concentration is found in the kidneys. It has been found that the highest contents of toxic metals (Cd, Pb) were in the kidneys and liver of the snakes dwelled in the SPZ DTPP ecosystems in comparison with both studied natural ecosystems. In addition, snakes caught in anthropogenically transformed ecosystems of SPZ DTPP are characterised by increased zinc content in all studied organs and enlarged copper concentration in the kidneys. Considering the obtained results on the metals bioaccumulation, the dice snake can be considered as a potential bio-indicator of environmental pollution by heavy metals.
Ecological space of the sod-lithogenic soils on the red-brown clays animal community
Authors: Andrusevych K. V.
Published: February 2020

The ecological niche is the keystone conception of theoretical ecology. But for its use methodical difficulties appears which can be solved with the help of the number of statistical techniques which includes OMI-analyses. This procedure has given the possibility of visualization of the ecological niche of soil animal community of the sod-lithogenic soils on the red-brown clays. The phenomenon of differentiation of the ecological niche demands the explanation of structuring ecological space and detects of dominant factors which have influenced for the physiognomy of communities of soil animals. The important problem is also to evaluate the role of ecological specialization of animals, which expresses in the terms ecomorphical structure. The usage of RLQ-analyses has permitted to quantity estimate the influence of vegetation features and edaphic factors on the spatial distribution of soil mesofauna. The researching polygon is characterized both the presence of patch with optimal vital activity terms, and with unfavorable conditions. Mesopedobionts within researching polygon have been established as not being ecologically homogeneous. The functional groups A and B embrace in the majority of endogeic animals such as larvae of beetles. The ecologically diverse ecomorphic properties of these groups with high density of the animal community may be determined by the axis number 1. These groups concentrate within 3–4 meters diameter patches with most favorable conditions for vital activity. Such patches are marginal for this polygon. The functional group C is presented by gerpetobiont animals which are able to migrate and relatively tolerant to edaphic factors. That is why centroid of given group is most closely located to the typical condition of this polygon. Considered indicators of soil as environment of living organisms permit to estimate the community’s ecological niche. The quantity characteristics of species ecological niches within researching polygon such as specialization and marginality have been estimated. At first for the characteristics of soil animals’ ecological niches have been used phytoindicator scales and ecomorphical analyses of the vegetations structure and also physiognomy types of it. The selection of functional groups of soil animals and applied for them ecomorphical characteristics are present high information values and conformity of indicator scales for the description of real current types of conditions of ecosystems.
The evolution of podzolized and regraded chernozems in Eastern Upland Wooded Steppe of Ukraine and the ways of their development
Authors: Kanivets S. V.
Published: February 2020

It is indicated that podzolized and regarded chernozems in moderately humid and arid zones of Left-bank Wooded steppe with HTC 1,2–1,0 (within the valleys of the Sula and Oskil rivers) occur in high watersheds along right bedrock banks of the valleys, adjoining or being included into wooded refugiums. Being formed by the grove biogeocenosis, they have high rates of fertility. The morphological research of natural podzolized chernozems profiles showed, that the upper humus slightly-eluviated horizon, densely interweaved by roots, has coarse agronomically valuable structure, loose composition, dark-grey colour, that indicates high content of humus. It is mostly favoured by the biologically active, rich in calcium ground litter and the pristinity of soil texture. The general capacity of the humus profile is not less than 100 cm. While brining natural soils into tillage some changes of soil development conditions arise. They are: hydrothermic conditions, secondary carbonate enrichment (regradation), loosening of illuvial horizon. Under mechanical tillage the granular structure changes into a pulverescent and cloddy one, the topsoil becomes lighter because of humus loss, though the humus profile becomes 10–20 cm deeper. The analytical results indicate the sufficient differences in physicochemical and agrochemical characteristics between forest podzolized chernozems and their regradated analogs in tillage. Natural soils contain 5,7–6,5 % of humus in upper 0–35 cm layer, and up to 10,0 % in 0–15 cm layer. They also have considerable resources of hydrolyzable nitrogen. In agrogenic soils the humus content is up to 3,6 %. The humus is of a humate type both in podzolized and regarded soils. The smallest proportion of Сh.a./Сf.a is in the lower layer of humus eluviated horizon of forest soils. The level of humus loss by agrogenic soils in humus slightly-eluviated layer fluctuates from 37 % to 44 %. Dark-grey and grey forest soils lose more than half of humus content, typical chernozems – nearly 30 %, ordinary chernozems – 20 %. Regraded analogs are inferior according to the hydrolyzable nitrogen content. Positive evolutional changes in tillage, such as acidity reduction, bases saturation growth, illuvium destruction, didn’t yield expected results – resistance to degradation processes. For the development of agrogenic soils it is necessary to implement flexible complex systems of husbandry with minimal intensity of tillage, adapted to the landscape, bringing the culture of husbandry closer to natural conditions. Promising is the implementation of soil protection technologies with the maximum use of freak produce of plant growing. The integrity of soil composition and biologically active layer of mulch create the conditions, close to virgin ones, that lead to the transition of soil to natural non-degradation conditions without losing its productive functions.
Colouristic criteria of S-matrix of the precarpathians brownish-podzolic gleyed soils
Authors: Nikorych V. A. , Chervonogrodska I. V.
Published: February 2020

The scientific literature dedicated to the analysis of peculiarities of the soils colouring and interconnection the genetic horizons colour as well as separate morphological elements with their properties have been analyzed. The identification of colour of genetic horizons in 20 profiles of brownish-podzolic gleyed soils of Ukrainian and Polish Precarpathians has been conducted. The colour of investigated genetic horizons and separate morphological elements was determined according to both national and international systems. The analysis of the appropriateness of national approaches rejecting and usage of the Munsell scale as a primary method for determining the soil samples colour has been carried out. The results of the survey of the respondents with different professional training ascertained that visual determination of colour range within morphological description of the soil is completely subjective. The correctness of procedure depends on the experience of soil scientists and colour homogeneity of the soil sample. Using of the Munsell scale reduces the errors in the determination by 70–80 %, which allows recommending the very approach as the principal one for the field descriptions. Change of the investigated soils colour depending on the level of humidity has been established. The peculiarity of soil mass colour range depending on the aggregation and fractions size has been found out. Based on the colouristic analysis it has been confirmed that chemical and mineralogical composition is the main factor of heterogeneity of the investigated soils horizons colour. It has been found out that heterogeneity of the colour range, and the appearing of bleached zones (as the result of iron removing) and fine dust on the surface of the aggregations is associated with gleying processes, impulse redox regime and metamorfization of soil mass. It has been established that interdependence between the complex of statistical and fractal parameters, which indicates the relative optical heterogeneity of architectonics of the investigated soils ultra thin cuts which are characterized by optical heterogeneity on the macro-level. The processes of morphogenesis of self-similar elements of their architectonics cause the asymmetry and fluctuations of relative data and increasing of the half-width of the autocorrelation functions of orientation tomograms. Red and green shades are shown to be the basic components of the sample colour. Red ones are determined by red colour pigments, and the combination of red and green shades provides the formation of yellow tones. The possibility of data conversion from the Munsell system into the CIE-L*a*b* system with minor deviations has been shown. 2,5Y5 / 4 in Munsell system corresponds to the following data in the CIE-L*a*b* system: L* = 41,23; a* = 5,59; b* = 20,06 (manual calculation) and L* = 41,22, a* = 4,97, b* = 19,44 (automatic transfer using the computer program Munsell Conversion 4.01).
Forecasting the levels of chemical elements content in soils of different genesis for the assessment of their eco-energy status
Authors: Samokhvalova V. L. , Skrylnyk Y. V. , Lopushnyak V. I. , Shedey L. O. , Samokhvalova P. A.
Published: February 2020

Grounded the new elaborated method for predicting of trace elements (TE) and heavy metals (HM) content in the soils of different genesis, which was elaborated by analysis the indicators parameters of their organic matter and energy characteristics in different natural-climatic zones of Ukraine, also of contaminated and intensive fertilizer soils. The method aims for the assessment of soils ecological-energy state due to the installation of the new natural relations of indicators humus, energy and elemental status of soils of different types, as a result, expanding the range of diagnostic indicators with identifing their paired combinations and simultaneously increasing of informativeness, accuracy, express testing of chemical elements (TE, HM) predicting levels, energy and humus state of soils to predict and ecological regulation of their quality. The essence of the elaborated utility model – by the identify of new patterns of soil properties indicators and receive four matching pairs of humus (CGA/CFA, Ctotal), elemental and energy state (calorific value of humus, the reserves of energy in the soil layer of 0–20 cm) as soil indicators with the using of mathematical-statistical analysis of the obtained regression equations for the accurate determination is predicted the TE and HM content in soils of different types of background conditions, with the distribution algorithm of the method for different soil types in certain climate zones in the conditions of technogenic pollution and technological load, risk and the presence of man-made pollution to make timely management decisions. Elaborated method ensures the rapidity of the assessment and improves the accuracy of the TE/HM status prediction, energy and humus state of soils of different genesis with the identification of soils ecological differences to predict their quality by assessment of ecological functions for the ranking of energy intensity indicators of the soil. The method is applicable in the environmental regulation of TE and HM content, regulation of the loads (technogenic, technological) on a soil system, agroecology to address issues of biological agriculture, bio-energy and energy of soil formation; monitoring the quality of humus and the status TE and the dangers of excess accumulation of HM, in the soil humus indicators and /or energy state; efficient environmental management of soils, both in background conditions and with different anthropogenic impacts and in the research practice. Grounded the method was examined on the of soils simples in different natural-climatic zones of Ukraine, contaminated soils in Kharkiv, Donetsk and Lugansk regions, and intensive fertilizer (organo-mineral, organic and mineral system of fertilizers) of soils in Kiev, Kharkiv, Poltava and Lviv region.
Фізична деградація (знеструктурення і переущільнення) – чинник сучасного землеробства, що погіршує екологічне і продукційне функціонування ґрунту
Authors: Medvedev V. V. , Titenko G. V. , Plisko I. V. , Krylach S. I. , Borodin A. L. , Klysak G. O.
Published: February 2020

Розглянуто наслідки знеструктурення і переущільнення давньоорних ґрунтів для водного режиму, діяльності кореневих систем і врожаю польових культур. Через надмірний тиск на ґрунт ходових систем машинно-тракторних агрегатів і велику кількість технологічних операцій в посівному шарі формується брилистість, у піднасіннєвому прошарку і особливо у плужній підошві щільність будови, що перевищує вимоги рослин. Ці прояви фізичної деградації (головним чином через дегуміфікацію і зменшення водостійкості ґрунтової структури) зменшують кількість доступної вологи в кореневмісному шарі, сприяють абіотизації ґрунтових агрегатів, послаблюють секвестрацію вуглецю і дерновий ґрунтотвірний процес у чорноземах. Для зменшення негативних наслідків деградації потрібно за обробітку дотримувати стандарту припустимого тиску ходових систем МТА на ґрунт, скоротити число їхніх проходів по полях і обов’язково поширити застосування заходів, що сприяють оструктуренню ґрунтів.
Еколого-біологічне обґрунтування ролі кремнієвих сполук у системі «ґрунт – рослина»
Authors: Chorna V. I. , Wagner I. V. , Voroshylova N. V.
Published: February 2020

Обробка насіннєвого матеріалу – один з найбільш економічно вигідних прийомів підвищення продуктивності сільськогосподарських культур. У даний час поряд з препаратами, що традиційно використовуються  для боротьби з хворобами та шкідниками, все частіше застосовують біологічно активні сполуки, здатні стимулювати ріст рослин, підвищувати їх стійкість до несприятливих факторів, збільшувати урожай і покращувати його якість. Досліджено вплив активних форм кремнієвих сполук (0,6 % та 1,0 % SiO2 ) на інтенсивність ростових процесів семидобового ячменю звичайного на педоземах на лесоподібному суглинку. Відбір зразків ґрунту  проводився на дослідних ділянках науково-дослідного стаціонару з рекультивації земель Дніпровського державного аграрно-економічного університету (поблизу м. Покров Дніпропетровської області). За показниками довжини стебла та коренів ячменю звичайного розраховували індекс відношення довжини стебла до довжини кореня (І с/к). Установлено тенденцію посилення лінійного росту стебла та кореня при додаванні активних форм кремнію. Показано, що ячмінь звичайний є ефективним фітотестером для техногенно-порушених ґрунтів. Установлено позитивний вплив кремнієвмісних сполук на продуктивність сільськогосподарських культур.
Протеазна активність урбаноземів Харківської області за умов вирощування міскантусу гігантського
Authors: Tsapko Yu. L. , Kholodna A. S.
Published: February 2020

У роботі наведено результати визначення протеазної активності деградованих маргінальних земель, а саме – урбаноземів Харківської області за умов вирощування на них енергетичної культури другого покоління міскантусу гігантського. Культивування цієї багаторічної злакової культури сприяє збільшенню активності ферменту протеази, що, в свою чергу, слугує поштовхом до введення антропогенно деградованих ґрунтів в енергетичний сектор виробництва не тільки з метою отримання відносно дешевої та екологічно чистої сировини, але й для біологічної рекультивації маргінальних земель. На досліджуваних урбаноземних ґрунтах активність протеази підвищилась на ділянках з міскантусом гігантським, порівняно з чистим контролем. Установлено, що біологічна рекультивація шляхом вирощування міскантусу гігантського найбільш ефективна на урбаноземі літоземному.
Soil thermal properties of forest biogeocenoses in steppe zone as a diagnostic indicator of their soil genesis
Authors: Gorban V. A.
Published: February 2020

Soil is a specific natural body, which is characterized by a number of features due to which it differs from living organisms and rocks. One of these features is its thermal properties. The most important thermal properties of the soil are thermal conductivity, thermal capacity and thermal diffusivity, which reflect the specific features of the set of properties inherent in different soils. As a result of the studies, the existence of a direct relationship between the values of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of Calcic Chernozem and the content of the silt fraction in them, as well as between the thermal capacity and the content of organic matter in them. The established relations do not appear clearly in Luvic Chernozem and Chernic Phaeozem. The maximum thermal properties for Luvic Chernozem and Chernic Phaeozem were found in the eluvial horizon, which in the lower part borders on the illuvial horizon. The eluvial horizons of Luvic Chernozem and Chernic Phaeozem are characterized by lower thermal properties compared with the illuvial horizons. The thermal properties of soils can be used to clarify the distribution characteristics of the silt fraction and organic matter along the profile, as well as determination of the intensity of eluvial-illuvial processes. The establishment of these soil features is an important characteristic of their soil genesis, which is especially important for chernozem soils under forest vegetation.
THE TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF AGE PEOPLE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR ACTIVE LIFE OF ADULTS PEOPLE IN BULGARIA - RESEARCH
Authors: Velkovska Gena , Velkovski Valeri
Published: February 2020

According to the data of the National Statistical Institute [www.nsi.bg], on the basis of the census as of February 1, 2011, the population aged 50 and over in the Republic of Bulgaria is 2 943 055, or 40,0% of the total population of the country.
In response to the challenges posed by an aging population, in June 2012 The Council of Ministers of the Republic of Bulgaria has adopted a National Concept for the Promotion of the Active Life of the Elderly for the period 2012-2030. [www.mlsp.government.bg]. [3]
The concept includes six operational goals and objectives in the fields of labor market, pension system, healthcare, education, long-term care and so on.
As noted in the National Strategy for Active Life of the Elderly in Bulgaria for the period 2019 - 2030. [www.mlsp.government.bg] [1], lifelong learning and lifelong learning will contribute to people's ability to follow structural changes in the labor market.
According to the results of the author's study, educational programs even for people out of the employment range are linked to the opportunities they provide for acquiring new knowledge and skills, but this knowledge satisfies the personal needs and needs of the elderly.
ABOUT THE ECONOMIC IDENTITY, LEARNING AND DIGITAL PERSONALISATION
Authors: Atanasov Nikolay
Published: February 2020

In the report is considered a few substantial issues of economic identity, learning and digital personalization in the contemporary society. There are interdisciplinary reflections to economic uncertainty, risk management and need to a new economic digital identity for optimal searches, analysis, substantial knowledge and smart innovative digital skills and personalization. By dialectical and cognitive phenomenological methods are revealed important points of value and analyzed critical determinants for development of knowledge management, digital personalization and economic identity. The results of reflections, added concepts and cognitive and axiological analysis are summarized in conclusions at the end.
METHODS FOR THE DEVELOPEMENT OF SPECIAL COMPETENCE OF LECTURERS OF SPECIAL SUBJECTS IN MILITARY EDUCATION SYSTEM
Authors: Yahupov Vasyl , Rybchuk Oleh
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the topical issue concerning the theoretic substantiating and experimental check of the author's method of development special competence of lecturers of special subjects of higher military educational institutions. The authors has proposed their own vision of the content and structure of the phenomenon under the research as a multidimensional integral psychical formation, which is a structured complex of special qualities, abilities and manifestations of a lecturer that give him/her and opportunity to perform successfully certain professional functions as a subject of special activity in the military education system. The study is novel in definition of the complex of organizational-and-pedagogic conditions as a system of necessary and sufficient factors determining the high-performance process of special competence development. The article reveals the main stages of authors' method for developing special competence of special subjects lecturers in the postgraduate education system. There are given the main results of pedagogical experiment witnessing the effectiveness of innovations proposed.
Strategi Dakwah Melalui SMS Tauhid Pondok Pesantren Daarut Tauhid Bandung
Authors: Hamdani Amin , Rojudin Rojudin , Yuningsih Yuyun
Published: February 2020

One of the phenomena of da'wah through SMS was carried out by Abdullah Gymnastiar who was familiarly called Aa Gym. SMS Tauhiid is a free SMS service with religious content sourced from the Qur'an, Hadiths and Aa Gym taushiyah. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. Meanwhile, the method used in the research is descriptive analysis method, meaning that the data collected, both in the form of writing and oral, will be analyzed first before a scientific explanation based on facts in the field. The purpose of this research is to gain an understanding and theory of da'wah through new media and to find out about Abdullah Gymnatiar's mission through the SMS service. And this research uses the theory of preaching and convergent media theory. Based on the results of research in the field, it was found a conclusion that preaching through print media and information technology as carried out by SMS Tauhiid can facilitate access for people to gain knowledge and spiritual intake without being constrained by time, distance, costs or other conditions. Through a number of these convergent media, SMS Tauhiid is increasingly expanding its reach and impacting the development of da'wah going forward.Salah satu fenomena dakwah melalui SMS dilakukan oleh Abdullah Gymnastiar yang akrab disapa Aa Gym. SMS Tauhiid merupakan layanan SMS gratis dengan konten keagamaan baik bersumber pada Al-Qur’an, Hadits maupun taushiyah Aa Gym. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Sementara itu, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode deskriptif analisis. Data primer diperoleh dari wawancara dengan Pengelola SMS Tauhiid dan dokumen yang mereka miliki. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh pemahaman dan teori dakwah melalui media baru dan mengetahui kifrah dakwah Abdullah Gymnatiar melalui layanan SMS. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori dakwah tabligh dan teori media konvergen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di lapangan ditemukan suatu kesimpulan bahwa dakwah melalui media cetak dan teknologi informasi sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh SMS Tauhiid dapat memudahkan akses bagi masyarakat untuk mendapatkan ilmu dan asupan spiritual tanpa terkendala oleh faktor waktu, jarak, biaya atau kondisi lainnya. Melalui sejumlah media konvergen ini, SMS Tauhiid semakin memperluas jangkauannya dan berdampak terhadap pengembangan dakwah ke depan.
A influência da mídia social na saúde pública: impactos no sistema estomatognático
Authors: Moraes Poliana Rodrigues , Slob Edna
Published: February 2020

Conjuntamente ao conhecimento, o desconhecimento é conduzido através de diferentes agentes sociais que fundamentam seu saber através do diálogo amplamente proporcionado coadjuvando as mídias sociais somado pela não reflexão acerca do tema inventariado. Neste âmbito pautam-se por agentes sociais os usuários de mídias sociais que se habituaram, no dia a dia, a filtrar informações de acordo com aquilo de seu interesse e ao quão confiável está se faz. Em contrapartida fez com que estes agentes passassem de certa forma a serem educados por tais informações assegurando às mídias uma função apascentadora que nem sempre lhes é devido, ao passo que, dentro deste ambiente midiático, o seu conteúdo tende a maior parte ao senso comum excluindo-se o senso crítico. Contudo esta simples transmissão de dados não pode ser compreendida por conhecimento em saúde. É preciso ir além da informação e formar o pensar coletivo fundamentado, transformando tais mídias sociais em multiplicadores de erudição. Em termos metodológicos trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sendo o objeto desta pesquisa suscitar a comunicação informal através das redes sociais originadas em agentes sociais cuja temática inclui a disseminação de informações de saúde provenientes do senso comum culminando em possíveis danos ao sistema estomatognático. Os resultados demonstram que informações baseadas em senso comum impactam diretamente a saúde oral do cidadão e daqueles que o ladeiam.
Avaliação do efeito protetor e curativo da Punica granatum Lin. no processo de cicatrização tecidual em queimaduras induzidas em mucosas de ratos
Authors: Silva de Araújo João Epaminondas , Farias de Oliveira Ericlene , Carlan Leonardo Magalhães , Martins Fernanda Bastos , Morais Maria de Lourdes Da Silva Arruda
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito protetor e curativo no processo de cicatrização tecidual, da ingestão do suco da polpa e da ação local do chá do fruto da Punica granatum L; em queimaduras induzidas em dorso da língua de ratos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo e experimental, realizado em 48 ratos machos Wistar, idade entre 60 a 65 dias e peso médio 275g. A amostra foi dividida em 02 grupos A e B, onde o A avaliava o efeito protetor da Punica granatum e B seu efeito curativo após queimadura. Cada grupo foi subdividido em 04 subgrupos e receberam os seguintes tratamentos (A1 água destilada), (B1 controle), (A2 e B2: chá em forma tópica), (A3 e B3: chá tópico e suco via gavagem) e (A4 e B4: suco via gavagem). Durante o experimento, foi realizada análise clinica da contração da ferida no  7°. e 14° dias após  a  indução da lesão, nos subgrupos dos grupos  A e B. Resultados: Todos os subgrupos apresentaram contração da ferida, sendo que no 7° dia o  subgrupo A2 obteve  contração mais intensa e  no 14°  a contração mais intensa da ferida foi observada  nos subgrupos  A2 e B2. Conclusão: Os tratamentos protetor e curativo com chá (A2/B2) apresentaram clinicamente e estatisticamente uma média percentual de contração da ferida superior a todos os outros tratamentos.
T-bet syndrome-associated bronchial asthma phenotype
Authors: Sorokina L. N. , Mineev V. N. , Eremeeva A. V. , Nyoma M. A.
Published: February 2020

We aimed to evaluate a significance of T-bet transcription factor in bronchial asthma (BA). A total of 102 patients with BA were examined. The control group was represented by healthy subjects (21 people). The study model was represented by peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated in a density gradient with standard method. It was found that some patients were characterized by high levels of transcription factor T-bet expression (T-bet > 1.0). The bronchial asthma patients with increased T-bet expression were moir often characterized by the severe disease, requiring therapy with systemic glucocorticoids and β2-agonists, did not have genetic predisposal for allergic diseases, the majority of them had excess body weight and concomitant morbidity (mainly, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and endocrine disorders). The study of rs324011 polymorphism of STAT6 protein gene in these patients revealed CC and CT genotypes, mostly observed in severe BA. Moreover, they were observed in 100% patients with severe clinical course of BA. A positive correlation was found between the number of T allele presentation in loci, and BA severity (r = 0.88, p = 0.002), as well as between the distribution by genotype (CC-CT/TT), and absolute (counts per one L), and relative (%) number of eosinophils in the sputum (r = 0.79, p = 0.034). The detected associations may be referred to as “T-bet elevation syndrome”, being based on the phenomenon of “genetically determined heterogeneity of signaling system defects”. In individuals with an increased T-bet expression, a significant elevation of transcription factors STAT6 and STAT4 was also detected. Taken together, the presented data indicate that this phenomenon reflects a disturbance of the Th1 / Th2 balance, due to increase in both Th1 and Th2 transcriptional activity. Thus, the patients with bronchial asthma with increased expression of T-bet transcription factor revealed a symptom complex, which we have called “T-bet elevation syndrome” (T-bet > 1.0), which is characterized mainly by severe disease and a certain phenotype of patients. Most likely, this feature is caused by genetically determined defects of signaling systems. High T-bet expression has been observed in young patients with mild BA and can be a prognostic sign.
Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from mouflon in Bulgaria
Authors: Savova T. , Petrova R. , Valcheva V. , Bonovska M. , Najdenski H.
Published: February 2020

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis (John’s disease) mainly in large and small domestic and wild ruminants, and suspected causative agent in human Crohn’s disease. In Bulgaria, paratuberculosis is still poorly researched in both groups of ruminants. We present results of the first in-depth study of mouflon, grown free in one hunting reserve in the Western region of the country. The aim was to prove the presence of MAP in diagnostic materials from regularly hunted or dead mouflon suspected for paratuberculosis. Small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) from 12 hunted and 4 dead mouflon and 10 faecal samples (Fc) were studied in the period of 2009–2013. Typical for paratuberculosis pathomorphological lesions were observed in four mouflon (of 16 examined). The intestinal wall was thickened, strongly folded and soft, with severe hyperemia. The MLN were enlarged, soft, with marbled appearance. The affected section of the ileum showed hyperplasia of the mucous corion and submucosa with diffuse infiltration of epithelioid cells. Lymphadenopathy with atrophy of T and B lymphocytes areas was observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes. For bacteriological isolation of MAP, the tissue and faecal samples were decontaminated with NALC-NaOH, cultured in Middlebrook 7H9 Broth and on Herrold’s medium. The Ziehl–Neelsen stained smears and isolates were examined microscopically for acid-fast bacteria. Presence of MAP was observed in tissue samples of 4 (25%) mouflon and in 2 (20%) faecal samples. The same samples were confirmed by the IS900 PCR for the presence of specific for MAP fragments with a commercial amplification kit. The cases of paratuberculosis found at different times in the free-living mouflon in our study prove that the disease exists in Bulgaria and highlight the need for more serious control of the disease among wild and domestic ruminants.
A screening for serum markers of arbovirus infections in healthy blood donors from the Volgograd Region
Authors: Negodenkoa A. О. , Luchinin D. N. , Konovalov P. Sh. , Pavlyukova O. A. , Skrynnikova E. A. , Prilepskaya D. R. , Molchanova E. V. , Barkova I. A. , Viktorov D. V. , Toporkov A. V.
Published: February 2020

Volgograd region is considered to be endemic West Nile fever (WNF) area due to the established circulation of the West Nile virus (WNV) therein. Some previous independent studies examining samples collected on the territory of the Volgograd region revealed markers related to the California serogroup (CSG), Sindbis and Ukuniemi viruses. WNF, CSG, Sindbis and Ukuniemi fever mainly being asymptomatic posing thereby a threat of virus spread due to transfusiological manipulations along with vector-borne transmission are manifested by diverse clinical signs. The study was aimed at detection of antibodies specific to West Nile, tick-borne encephalitis, California serogroup (Tyaginya, Inko), Sidbis, and Ukuniemi viruses in blood donors from the Volgograd region. For this, 404 blood sera samples collected from blood donors residing in the Volgograd as well as the Volgograd region were examined by ELISA. It was found that percentage of blood serum samples positive for arbovirus-specific antibodies was 18.32%. Among the, 67 out of 404 (16.58%) samples contained anti-WNV antibodies, 3 out of 279 (1.08%) samples — to tick-borne encephalitis virus, 1 out of 92 (1.09%) — to California serogroup fever and Ukuniemi viruses, and 2 out of 92 (2.17%) — to Sindbis fever virus. Importantly, the peak number of IgG and IgM WNV-positive samples was found among residents of Volgograd (29 out of 110, 26%) and Oktyabrsky district (7 out of 25, 28%). In addition, anti-Sindbis, Ukuniemi and CSG virus antibodies were detected in blood serum samples from blood donors residing in the Kalachevsky region and the city of Volgograd. Analyzing age-related distribution and percentage of seropositive subjects in each age group showed as follows: the lowest percentage (14.5%) was positive for anti-WNV, Sindbis, Ukuniemi and CSG virus antibodies in blood donors aged 32–41 years, whereas the peak percentage (25%) — in the subjects aged 52–61 years. Thus, virus specific antibodies detected in healthy individuals in the aforementioned region evidence about potential recovery after asymptomatic infections. In this regard, further research is required to determine a role of the such arboviruses in the structure of regional infectious diseases. The data obtained suggest a need to continue serological arbovirus monitoring in the Volgograd region.
Microneutralization reaction compared to hemagglutination inhibition assay to evaluate immunogenicity of influenza vaccines and influenza diagnostics
Authors: Krivitskaya V. Z. , Kuznecova E. V. , Majorova V. G. , Kadyrova R. A. , Lvov N. I. , Go A. A. , Sominina A. A.
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the results of the hemagglutination inhibition test (HI-test) and microneutralization reaction in detection of antibodies to influenza A(H1N1), A(H1N1)pdm09, and A(H3N2) viruses in human sera, as well optimize microneutralization reaction conditions. The proposed variant of microneutralization reaction is based on detecting decreased influenza virus reproduction in infected MDCK cells in the presence of virus-specific serum antibodies. Virus reproduction was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 96-well cell culture plates using type-specific anti-influenza A viruse NP-protein monoclonal antibodies. In parallel, in microneutralization reaction and HI-test paired sera collected from 205 volunteers inoculated with inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines were analyzed, as well as from 117 adult patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza. The rationale for treatment of human serum with receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) was proved not only for HI-test, but also for microneutralization reaction. Compared to HI-assay, the microneutralization reaction displayed higher sensitivity. According to microneutralization data, seroconversion rates and increase in antibody titer against influenza A viruses in both vaccinated and infected persons were superior to HI-test data by 1.4–2.5-fold. Moreover, higher sensitivity of this method was of great importance for the diagnostics of disease caused by new pathogens. The efficacy of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 serodiagnostics in PCRpositive patients was 1.5 times higher based on microneutralization reaction vs. HI-assay data. According to the data from early studies, it is commonly believed that 1/40 titer of flu-specific antibodies detected by HI-test is set as protective. However, a consensus on protective level for virus-specific antibodies in neutralization reaction has not been established yet. It was found that serum antibody levels detected by the proposed version of microneutralization reaction were significantly higher than those in HI-assay. In the post vaccination sera collected from vaccinated volunteers, average titers of virus neutralizing antibodies corresponding to 1/40 in HI-test were 1/195, 1/203, and 1/ 426–1/430 for influenza A(H1N1), A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), respectively, whereas in influenza patients they were 1/285, 1/215 and 1/488, respectively. Thus, it was suggested to consider a threshold value for “conditionally protective” level of neutralizing antibodies in adult vaccinated volunteers or infected patients, an average titer 1/160 for A(H1N1) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, as well as 1/320 — for A(H3N2) virus, which agree with data published elsewhere.
Importance of Epstein–Barr virus infection in pathogenesis of proliferative complications in children with endogenous uveitis
Authors: Petrovskaya M. S. , Krichevskaya G. I. , Denisova E. V. , Katargina L. A. , Kulikova I. G.
Published: February 2020

Endogenous uveitis (EU) in children is a multifactorial sight-threatening disease that reduces patient’s quality of life. Proliferative syndrome (PS) coupled to developing adhesions, opacity of vitreous body, epiretinal and preretinal membranes is one of the most serious EU complications, with yet-unknown pathogenesis. Among the numerous trigger factors, a role for infections, particularly human herpes group-driven, is proposed. The goal of the study was to assess a potential role of Herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1), Herpes simplex viruses type 2 (HSV-2), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) played in the PS pathogenesis in children with endogenous uveitis. 112 patients aged 3–17 years (mean age 10 years) with (93 patients)/without PS (19 children) were examined. IgM and IgG antibodies (markers of chronic and active infection) against HSV-1/2, EBV and CMV were detected by ELISA. A significantly increased PS rate in infected vs. uninfected children was revealed solely for EBV infection (p = 0.03), but not for HSV-1/2 (p 0.05) or CMV-positive patients (p 0.05). However, PS emergence in EBV-negative patients also suggests that some factors might contribute to proliferation in intraocular inflammation. In addition, level of serum IL-8 and IL-6 were assessed by multiplex analysis in 28 children. It was found that IL-8 was detected in all patients, with great individual fluctuations (5.6–2743 pg/ml). Enhanced systemic IL-8 level tended to rise in patients with more prominent proliferation and serological markers of EBV reactivation. However, serum IL-6 was detected by about 2-fold less often reaching up to 55% cases (variation of individual indices 1.3–35.5 pg/ml). A correlation between PS severity, EBV infection activity and systemic IL-6 level was not observed. Further studies evaluating a role of EBV infection in PS pathogenesis pediatric endogenous uveitis are necessary, as it may underlie a rationale for including antiherpetic drugs into a combination therapy.
The Pseudo-Pascal Triangle of Maximum Deng Entropy
Authors: Gao Xiaozhuan , Deng Yong
Published: February 2020

PPascal triangle (known as Yang Hui Triangle in Chinese) is an important model in mathematics while the entropy has been heavily studied in physics or as uncertainty measure in information science. How to construct the the connection between Pascal triangle and uncertainty measure is an interesting topic. One of the most used entropy, Tasllis entropy, has been modelled with Pascal triangle. But the relationship of the other entropy functions with Pascal triangle is still an open issue. Dempster-Shafer evidence theory takes the advantage to deal with uncertainty than probability theory since the probability distribution is generalized as basic probability assignment, which is more efficient to model and handle uncertain information. Given a basic probability assignment, its corresponding uncertainty measure can be determined by Deng entropy, which is the generalization of Shannon entropy. In this paper, a Pseudo-Pascal triangle based the maximum Deng entropy is constructed. Similar to the Pascal triangle modelling of Tasllis entropy, this work provides the a possible way of Deng entropy in physics and information theory.
A Neural Network Classification Model Based on Covering and Immune Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Fang
Published: February 2020

Inspired by the information processing mechanism of the human brain, the artificial neural network (ANN) is a classic data mining method and a powerful soft computing technique. The ANN provides a valuable tool for information processing and pattern recognition, thanks to its advantages in distributed storage, parallel processing, fast problem-solving and adaptive learning. The constructive neural network (CNN) is a popular emerging neural network model suitable for processing largescale data. In this paper, a novel neural network classification model was established based on the covering algorithm (CA) and the immune clustering algorithm (ICA). The CA is highly comprehensible, and enjoys fast computing speed, and high recognition rate. However, the learning effect of this algorithm is rather poor, because the training set is randomly selected from the original data, and the number of nodes (covering number) and area being covered are greatly affected by the learning sequence. To solve the problem, the ICA was introduced to preprocess the data samples, and calculate the cluster centers based on the antibody-antigen affinity. The CA and the ICA work together to determine the covering center and radius automatically, and convert them into the weights and thresholds of the hidden layer of neural network. The number of hidden layer neurons equals the number of covering. In addition, the McCulloch-Pitts (M-P) neurons were adopted for the output layer. Based on the input feature of the hidden layer, the output feature completes the mapping from input to output, creating the final classes of the original data. The introduction of the ICA fully solves the defect of the CA. Finally, our neural network classification model was verified through experiments on real-world datasets.
Main complications of hip arthroplasty: pictorial essay
Authors: Enge Júnior Dair Jocely , Castro Adham do Amaral e , Fonseca Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes , Baptista Eduardo , Padial Michel Bayouth , Rosemberg Laercio Alberto
Published: February 2020

Abstract Hip arthroplasty is a widely used and successful orthopedic procedure for the treatment of degenerative, inflammatory, or traumatic joint disease. The procedure promotes significant pain relief, as well as recovery of limb function, reduction of disability, and better quality of life. However, there are related complications, which have characteristic imaging aspects. In the present study, we review the literature and exemplify such complications using images obtained at our facility, illustrating the main radiological aspects of complications such as heterotopic ossification, periprosthetic fractures, osteolysis, infection, wear, and dislocation.