bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of steel corrosion in MX80 bentonite at 120°C
Authors: Lotz Hélène , Carrière Charly , Bataillon Christian , Gardes Emmanuel , Monnet Isabelle , Foy Eddy , Schlegel Michel L. , Dynes James J. , Neff Delphine , Mercier‐Bion Florence , Dillmann Philippe
Published: August 2020

Corrosion experiments were performed on two metallic substrates, a ferritic–pearlitic steel (P285NH) and a ferritic one (Armco), in silicate environment during 30 days at 120°C. Corrosion products were characterized in terms of morphology (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy), composition (energydispersive X‐ray spectroscopy) and structure (µ‐Raman, selected area electron diffraction, X‐ray absorption near edge structure). Results show a nanometric inner layer made of compact and adherent nanocrystallized magnetite with, locally a thickness up to several micrometers due to the metal microstructure. An outer layer of Fe‐rich phyllosilicate, smectite and serpentine, more porous than the inner one and poorly adherent is observed around both the samples.
Imaging of two samples with a single transmit/receive channel using coupled ceramic resonators for MR microscopy at 17.2 T
Authors: Moussu Marine A.C. , Glybovski Stanislav B. , Abdeddaim Redha , Craeye Christophe , Enoch Stefan , Tihon Denis , Kurdjumov Sergej , Dubois Marc , Georget Elodie , Webb Andrew G. , Belov Pavel , Ciobanu Luisa
Published: August 2020

In this paper we address the possibility to perform imaging of two samples within the same acquisition time using coupled ceramic resonators and one transmit/receive channel. We theoretically and experimentally compare the operation of our ceramic dual‐resonator probe with a wire‐wound solenoid probe, which is the standard probe used in ultrahigh‐field magnetic resonance microscopy. We show that due to the low‐loss ceramics used to fabricate the resonators, and a favorable distribution of the electric field within the conducting sample, a dual probe, which contains two samples, achieves an SNR enhancement by a factor close to the square root of 2 compared with a solenoid optimized for one sample.
Physical stress triggers in simulated emergency care situations
Authors: Abelsson Anna , Gustafsson Marcus , Petersèn Christina , Knutsson Susanne
Published: August 2020

Aim

To practise emergency care situations during the education can be stressful. The aim of this study is to identify factors that cause stress in simulated emergency care.

Design

A descriptive observational study.

Methods

Video recordings (N = 26) subjected to observation with written field notes in turn subjected to interpretive qualitative content analysis.

Results

To assess the patient's condition and decide what measures to take trigger stress reactions. If the students failed to connect the correct and relevant information in the conversation with the physician, the students showed signs of stress. Also, to calculate medication dosages stress the students.
A new approach by two‐dimensional wavelets operational matrix method for solving variable‐order fractional partial integro‐differential equations
Authors: Saha Ray Santanu
Published: August 2020

In this paper, a new computational scheme based on operational matrices (OMs) of two‐dimensional wavelets is proposed for the solution of variable‐order (VO) fractional partial integro‐differential equations (PIDEs). To accomplish this method, first OMs of integration and VO fractional derivative (FD) have been derived using two‐dimensional Legendre wavelets. By implementing two‐dimensional wavelets approximations and the OMs of integration and variable‐order fractional derivative (VO‐FD) along with collocation points, the VO fractional partial PIDEs are reduced into the system of algebraic equations. In addition to this, some useful theorems are discussed to establish the convergence analysis and error estimate of the proposed numerical technique. Furthermore, computational efficiency and applicability are examined through some illustrative examples.
The application of quantitative petrography and macroscopic colour change in a comparative analysis of Roman and Anglo‐Saxon cremation practices
Authors: Carroll Emily L. , Squires Kirsty E.
Published: August 2020

The microscopic examination of burned bone has allowed cremation research to infer a wealth of information concerning burning practices and pyre technology from archaeological contexts. Recently, a new approach for quantifying the microscopic heat‐induced alterations in burned bone to categorise burning intensity using petrography has been developed within histomorphological studies. The following study is the first application of quantitative petrography to examine cremated remains from two archaeological contexts, with the aim of comparing funerary practices from Roman Britain and Anglo‐Saxon England. Fifteen burials from the Roman cemetery of Folly Lane, Hertfordshire, and 16 burials from the Anglo‐Saxon cemetery of Elsham, North Lincolnshire, were studied, with individuals ranging in age and sex. Analysis revealed a mix of burning intensities, with the majority of the Roman samples2 from Folly Lane (n= 10, 66.7%) achieving temperatures over 1000°C. In contrast, the Anglo‐Saxon samples from Elsham showed greater diversity in burning intensity, with only six (37.5%) reaching temperatures in excess of 1000°C. The discussion suggests this differentiation is due to the use ofustores, or professional cremators at the Roman town of Verulamium, a custom that has been referenced amongst the Roman elite in literary sources. This assessment demonstrates how quantitative petrography combined with macroscopic colour change is an effective assessment of burning intensities from archaeological burned bone and should be applied on a larger scale, with a greater sample size across more sites.
A novel processing technique of carbon fiber/copper wire reinforced thermoplastic composites to improve EMI SE performance
Authors: Lin Jan‐Yi , Lin Mei‐Chen , Lin Ting An , Lin Yan‐Yu , Lin Jia‐Horng , Lou Ching‐Wen
Published: August 2020

This study aims to combine carbon fibers and copper metallic wires using a rotary twister, and the employment of wire coating technique reinforces the mechanical properties of carbon fibers, creating more feasible applications. The proposed carbon (C)/copper (Cu)/polyester (PET)/polypropylene (PP)/acrylic (A) woven fabrics preserve the electrical conductivity of carbon fibers and metallic wires while maintaining the thin and soft features of woven fabrics. In addition to good electrical conductivity, wire coating technique provides the coated wires with greater mechanical properties, including tensile strength, elongation, bending torsion, creep resistance, and wear‐resistant property. The proposed manufacturing design contributes to an innovative production without interfering with the intrinsic properties of materials, which also broadens the application range of the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness products.
Effect of short carbon fiber content and water absorption on tensile and impact properties of PA6/PP blend based composites
Authors: Aparna S. , Purnima D. , Adusumalli R.B.
Published: August 2020

PA6 absorbs moisture, restricting its use in humid applications. The first objective of this study is to process composite parts to be used in high humid applications using PA6 blend based matrix (PA6/PP/PP‐g‐MA) and SCF (3‐15 wt%) reinforcement. The second objective is to perform tensile and impact tests in both dry and wet conditions. The third objective is to carry out the in‐depth analysis of fractography of blends and composites. For blend, more than 50% reduction in water absorption was observed in comparison to pure PA6, indicating the need to blend with PP. The tensile strength of the composite with 15 wt% SCF was 55% and 133% higher than matrix blend in dry and wet conditions respectively indicating the need to reinforce the blend with SCF. Injection molded composites with 15 wt% SCF revealed the tensile strength of 54 MPa, 46 MPa and modulus of 5 GPa, 4 GPa in dry, wet state respectively. At higher SCF content, both SCF and PP are well dispersed in PA6 matrix but fiber pull out led to fracture of dry samples. Post water absorption, tensile fractured samples showed significant fiber pull out, indicating reduction in interfacial adhesion due to water absorption.
Characterization of Risk Factors for Genitourinary Infections with Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitors
Authors: Benjamin Trisha , Schumacher Christine
Published: August 2020

Background

Sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of genitourinary infections in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is unknown which factors may predispose patients to an increased risk of developing a genitourinary infection.

Objective

To evaluate whether hemoglobin A1c levels and other patient‐specific factors at initiation of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy were a predictor for increased risk for genitourinary infections.

Methods

A retrospective, multicenter cohort analysis was conducted using data from ambulatory care clinics within a large medical group. Patients 18 years of age or older with a diagnosis of T2DM who were prescribed a SGLT2 inhibitor between January 1, 2013 and October 31, 2018 and completed therapy for at least seven days were included in the analysis. Firth logistic regression was used to detect differences in baseline characteristics and paired t‐tests were used to compare baseline to post‐initiation values for prespecified variables for those patients with a confirmed genitourinary infection.

Results

Of the 739 patients prescribed a SGLT2 inhibitor, 584 were included. Thirty (5.14%) patients experienced a genitourinary infection on SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. Baseline hemoglobin A1c did not confer a significant difference in risk for genitourinary infection (p=0.4239). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was the only variable that significantly differed between those who did and did not develop an infection (p=0.0228). A post hoc analysis reviewing 30 patients initially excluded for a history of genitourinary infection showed 13 (43%) of those patients experienced a genitourinary infection after initiating SGLT2 inhibitor therapy with no difference in risk stratified by baseline hemoglobin A1c level (p=0.9648).

Conclusions

The incidence of genitourinary infection with SGLT2 inhibitor use was lower than suggested in clinical trials, with lower eGFR and history of genitourinary infection the only identified predictors for increased risk in this population. Genitourinary infection risk should not deter clinicians from recommending or prescribing SGLT2 inhibitor therapy.
Compatibility of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana with insecticides and fungicides used in macadamia production in Australia
Authors: Khun Kim Khuy , Ash Gavin J , Stevens Mark M , Huwer Ruth K , Wilson Bree AL
Published: August 2020

Background

Integrating fungal biocontrol agents into crop protection programs dominated by synthetic pesticides is an important first step towards developing an integrated pest management (IPM) program; however, their successful integration relies on an understanding of how their performance may be impacted by the remaining agrochemicals deployed for managing other pests and diseases. In this study we tested 10 formulated pesticides used in macadamia production at different concentrations to determine their effects on the germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in vitro. Further tests with laboratory‐grade actives of the noncompatible pesticides were conducted to determine whether any antagonistic effects were caused by the active constituent or by formulation additives.

Results

At their registered concentrations, formulated trichlorfon, acephate and indoxacarb were compatible with M. anisopliae, whereas B. bassiana showed compatibility with formulated trichlorfon, acephate, indoxacarb, sulfoxaflor and spinetoram. Bioassays using laboratory‐grade active constituents indicated that the adverse impact of formulated beta‐cyfluthrin on both fungal species and that of formulated methidathion on B. bassiana is probably due to components of the emulsifiable concentrate formulations rather than their active constituents. Diazinon was the only insecticidal active that showed high toxicity to both fungal species. The two fungicides, carbendazim and pyraclostrobin, were toxic to both fungal species at all tested concentrations.

Conclusion

Our results identify which pesticides used on macadamias in Australia are compatible and incompatible with entomopathogenic fungi. Future studies on pesticide degradation rates will help define the spray intervals required to eliminate these adverse effects.
Can the mammalian organoid technology be applied to the insect gut?
Authors: Swevers Luc , Denecke Shane , Vogelsang Kathrin , Geibel Sven , Vontas John
Published: August 2020

Mammalian intestinal organoids are multicellular structures that closely resemble the structure of the intestinal epithelium and can be generated in vitro from intestinal stem cells under appropriate culture conditions. This technology has transformed pharmaceutical research and drug development in human medicine. For the insect gut, no biotechnological platform equivalent to organoid cultures has been described yet. Comparison of the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and growth between insects and mammals has revealed significant similarities but also important differences. In contrast to mammals, the differentiation potential of available insect cell lines is limited and can not be exploited for in vitro permeability assays to measure the uptake of insecticides. The successful development of in vitro models could be a result of the emergence of molecular mechanisms of self‐organization and signaling in the intestine that are unique to mammals. It is nevertheless considered that the technology gap is a consequence of vast differences in knowledge, particularly with respect to culture conditions that maintain the differentation potential of insect midgut cells. From the viewpoint of pest control, advanced in vitro models of the insect midgut would be very desirable because of its key barrier function for orally ingested insecticides with hemolymphatic target and its role in insecticide resistance. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Jasmonate induced terpene‐based defense in Pinus massoniana depresses Monochamus alternatus adult feeding
Authors: Chen Ruixu , Huang Kairu , Pan Shiye , Xu Tian , Tan Jiajin , Hao Dejun
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Symptoms of pine wilt disease (PWD) are caused when pathogenic pine wood nematodes (PWN) invade healthy host trees via wounds created by adult Monochamus alternatus. Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can trigger terpene‐based induced defense in conifers, which is a core part of the conifer defense system. Herein, we hypothesized that the terpene‐based plant defense induced by MeJA could negatively affect the feeding behavior of M. alternatus adults, and may contribute to a new strategy in the control of PWD.

RESULTS

The feeding area for M. alternatus adults feeding on MeJA‐treated seedlings was significantly smaller compared with control seedlings. However, no significant difference was detected in the enzyme activities in the midgut of beetles that had fed on these seedlings. Terpenoids were mainly accumulated in traumatic resin duct, whereas the constitutive resin duct accumulated only diterpenoids. Correspondingly, large‐scaled responses at the transcriptional level mainly focused on terpenoid and phenolic biosynthesis in the defending trees.

CONCLUSIONS

Breeding tree species with a high resin yield may contribute to control of the spread of PWD by suppressing the feeding of M. alternatus adults. Transcriptome sequencing results provided abundant information for further breeding of highly resistant trees. Based on these findings, a potential push–pull strategy for the control of M. alternatus was discussed.
Antidepressants and risk of Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: August 2020

A meta‐analysis published in 2017 suggested a possible link between use of antidepressants and increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the reviewed studies primarily reported the increased risk in the general population, not in patients with depression. Recently, investigators from Taiwan addressed this possible link in depressed patients.
Nonlinear response properties of atomic hydrogen under quantum plasma environment: A time‐dependent variation perturbation study on hyperpolarizability and two‐photon excitations
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sukhamoy , Mukherjee Prasanta K. , Fricke Burkhard
Published: August 2020

Pilot calculations on the frequency‐dependent nonlinear response property, viz. the electric dipole hyperpolarizability of atomic hydrogen under quantum plasma environment, have been performed using an external oscillatory electric field. Fourth‐order perturbation theory within a variational scheme is adopted to obtain the hyperpolarizability within and beyond normal dispersion region. Two‐photon absorption from the ground state is explicitly obtained from the pole positions of nonlinear response of the system and studied up to principal quantum number n = 4. Ground and perturbed wave functions of appropriate symmetries are represented by linear combination of Slater‐type orbitals. Exponential cosine‐screened Coulomb potential is used to simulate the quantum plasma environment. With respect to plasma strength, the nonlinear response properties are considerably enhanced. Results are compared with those under classical plasma environment represented by screened Coulomb potential. Departure from Coulomb potential results in lifting of the accidental degeneracy in the respective two‐photon excited states beyond n = 2. For free hydrogen atom, the transition energies and the radial density profiles of the respective two‐photon excited states match exactly with those obtained from analytical wave functions.
Bronchoscopic visualization of a cavity in entirety: an unusual finding
Authors: Mishra Deebya Raj , Bhatta Narendra , Acharya Achyut Bhakta , Verma Avatar , Shahi Rejina , Shah Niharika
Published: August 2020

Key message

It is unusual to be able to visualize an entire cavity with such clarity.
SMARCA4‐deficient lung tumour that presented with haemoptysis and progressed rapidly
Authors: Inoue Mari , Enomoto Tatsuji , Kawamoto Masashi , Mikami Naoto , Kuribayashi Hidehiko , Saeki Noriyuki
Published: August 2020

The case of a heavy ex‐smoking man in his early 70s who presented with haemoptysis and died following rapid progression is presented. The tumour excised by surgery was mostly composed of monotonous large rhabdoid cells showing prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm. On immunohistochemistry with SMARCA4 (BRG‐1), the tumour cells showed significant loss of expression. The tumour was diagnosed as a SMARCA4‐deficient thoracic sarcoma. This is a disease that progresses rapidly and has a poor prognosis. However, the search for specific treatments using synthetic lethality is underway. Clinical and pathological characteristics can be identified with examination of more cases, and when the tumour is suspected, it is necessary to actively perform immunohistochemical examination.
Patent disclosure and venture financing: The impact of the American Inventor's Protection Act on corporate venture capital investments
Authors: Mohammadi Ali , Khashabi Pooyan
Published: August 2020

Research Summary

We investigate the effects of patent disclosure on corporate venture capital (CVC) investments in technology startups. Toward this end, we focus on the passage of the American Inventor's Protection Act (AIPA), which mandated public disclosure of patent applications. Theoretically, technology disclosure enables CVCs to better evaluate startups and thus, could increase the likelihood of investment relations. Conversely, such disclosure may already satisfy the technology‐acquisition objectives of CVCs, reducing CVCs willingness to form an investment relation after disclosure. Our empirical analysis finds that patent disclosure through AIPA increased the likelihood of receiving CVC investments for startups—specifically in industries where patents have higher information significance. We provide evidence that the observed pattern is mainly driven by a reduction of information constraints regarding startups with patent applications.

Managerial Summary

Receiving corporate venture capital (CVC) funding is an important success factor for technology startups. Would disclosure of a startup's innovation increase or decrease its chance of receiving CVC funding? On the one hand, disclosure by startups would reduce uncertainty and search costs for CVC investors, which could increase the chance of CVC funding. On the other hand, such a disclosure would reveal the startups' technology to the corporations, which would in turn reduce corporate incentive to use funding as awindow to the startup's technology. Thus, disclosure could also reduce the chance of CVC funding of startups. In this paper, we study the above issue by examining the case of the American Inventor's Protection Act (AIPA), which mandated public disclosure of patent applications. Our results suggest that innovation disclosure significantly improves the likelihood of CVC funding of startups.
Oxidative Dearomatization as a Strategy for a Facile, Metal‐Free Synthesis of Vanillyl Benzodiazepines
Authors: Nunewar Saiprasad N. , Sangu Komal G. , Kotla Naveen K. , Tangellamudi Neelima D.
Published: August 2020

isovanillin was conveniently dearomatized into synthetically useful o‐quinol acetate by treatment with phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) in methylene chloride at low temperature. Subsequent treatment with o‐aryl diamines directly furnished vanillyl benzodiazepines in good yields. Vanillyl benzodiazepines, could be the prospective objects of investigation in medicinal chemistry considering the central nervous system depressant activity of benzodiazepines and potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of vanillyl moiety by being present in a single framework. Herein we propose a simple, metal‐free, and efficient approach for the synthesis of vanillyl benzodiazepines via oxidative dearomatization. The regio‐chemistry of product isomers were established by NOE studies.
A closer look at ESOL teacher advocacy: What we do and why
Authors: Linville Heather A.
Published: August 2020

Advocacy for English learners (ELs) is a clear expectation of English to speakers of other languages (ESOL) teachers, yet we do not fully understand what ESOL teachers do as advocates or the factors that play a role in determining if and how they advocate. This article reports the results of a quantitative study that explored the “what” and “why” of advocacy actions of in‐service ESOL teachers. Survey data (n = 511) reveals two types of advocacy actions, instructional and political, with ESOL teachers more likely to carry out instructional advocacy. Knowledge of the TESOL teacher preparation standards, being in an advocacy‐supportive school environment, and having advocacy self‐efficacy predicted greater instructional and political advocacy actions. More years teaching, teaching in a middle or high school rather than an elementary school, and being racially diverse also predicted more political advocacy actions. Implications for TESOL teacher education programs include ensuring all teacher candidates understand the inclusion of advocacy in the TESOL teacher preparation standards, explicitly teaching advocacy skills, and highlighting the importance of collaboration to build relationships and supportive school climates. More research is needed to better understand the connections between social justice and advocacy dispositions.
Factors influencing ESL students’ selection of intensive English programs in the Western United States
Authors: Blanco Katie , Tanner Mark W. , Hartshorn K. James , Eggington William G.
Published: August 2020

Intensive English programs (IEPs) help speakers of other languages gain necessary language, cultural, and educational skills to succeed in an English‐speaking environment (Hamrick, 2012; Toner, 2017). Whereas previous research investigated factors influencing student choice of IEPs in the southeastern United States (Williams, 1994) and in California (Jones, 2013), this is the first study to identify factors influencing choice of IEPs by students of English as a second language located in the wider western United States. Results indicate that participants highly valued a program that was well respected, provided an intense learning experience, and had excellent teachers. Location factors of greatest importance were the safety of the school and community, and the good reputation of the city where the program is located. The most important student services were academic or personal counseling, immigration services, and out‐of‐class activities. The marketing factors rated highest were the program’s website, referrals from former students, and the ability to communicate online with the school. Social media appeared to be of minimal to moderate importance in influencing students’ decisions. Implications of these findings are discussed for program directors of IEPs and teachers seeking to attract new students and grow their programs.
A University–Lab School Writing Partnership Project: Benefits of Curriculum‐Based Measures and Intervention for Students With Learning Differences
Authors: Faggella‐Luby Michael , Lindo Endia , Jimerson Jo Beth , Payne Kim , Keaney Lauren , Buckley Katie
Published: August 2020

This department highlights literacy leaders across the globe who are working in the field of literacy education. It features a variety of invited authors whose work is timely and relevant to the theme of access.
Effectiveness of contingent screening for placenta accreta spectrum disorders based on persistent low‐lying placenta and previous uterine surgery
Authors: Coutinho C. M. , Giorgione V. , Noel L. , Liu B. , Chandraharan E. , Pryce J. , Frick A. P. , Thilaganathan B. , Bhide A.
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Maternal mortality related to placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders remains substantial when diagnosed unexpectedly at delivery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a routine contingent ultrasound screening program for PAS.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of data obtained between 2009 and 2019, involving two groups: a screening cohort of unselected women attending for routine mid‐trimester ultrasound assessment and a diagnostic cohort consisting of women referred to the PAS diagnostic service with a suspected diagnosis of PAS. In the screening cohort, women with a low‐lying placenta at the mid‐trimester assessment were followed up in the third trimester, and those with a persistent low‐lying placenta (i.e. placenta previa) and previous uterine surgery were referred to the PAS diagnostic service. Ultrasound assessment by the PAS diagnostic service consisted of two‐dimensional grayscale and color Doppler ultrasonography, and women with a diagnosis of PAS were usually managed with conservative myometrial resection. The final diagnosis of PAS was based on a combination of intraoperative clinical findings and histopathological examination of the surgical specimen.

Results

In total, 57 179 women underwent routine mid‐trimester fetal anatomy assessment, of whom 220 (0.4%) had a third‐trimester diagnosis of placenta previa. Seventy‐five of these women were referred to the PAS diagnostic service because of a history of uterine surgery, and 21 of 22 cases of PAS were diagnosed correctly (sensitivity, 95.45% (95% CI, 77.16–99.88%) and specificity, 100% (95% CI, 99.07–100%)). Univariate analysis demonstrated that parity ≥ 2 (odds ratio (OR), 35.50 (95% CI, 6.90–649.00)), two or more previous Cesarean sections (OR, 94.20 (95% CI, 22.00–656.00)) and placenta previa (OR, 20.50 (95% CI, 4.22–369.00)) were the strongest risk factors for PAS. In the diagnostic cohort, there were 173 referrals, with one false‐positive and three false‐negative diagnoses, resulting in a sensitivity of 96.63% (95% CI, 90.46–99.30%) and a specificity of 98.81% (95% CI, 93.54–99.97%).

Conclusions

A contingent screening strategy for PAS is both feasible and effective in a routine healthcare setting. When linked to a PAS diagnostic and surgical management service, adoption of such a screening strategy has the potential to reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. However, larger prospective studies are necessary before implementing this screening strategy into routine clinical practice. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
An outbreak of Neospora caninum abortion in a dairy herd from the State of Georgia, United States
Authors: Melendez Pedro , Ilha Marcia , Woldemeskel Moges , Graham Justin , Coarsey Michele , Baughman Debi , Whittington Lisa , Naikare Hemant
Published: August 2020

An outbreak of 92 abortions out of 1,700 pregnant cows (5.41%) in a period of 3 weeks (19 May to 05 June 2019) occurred in a Georgia Dairy, USA, in cattle that were between 3 and 7 months of gestation. Two sets of samples (aborted fetuses’ organs, placental tissues, aborted cows blood) were submitted for laboratory investigations at the Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia (TVDIL, Tifton, GA, USA). An abortion panel testing for the major abortion‐causing agents [e.g. Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV), Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus/ Bovine Herpes Virus‐I (IBR/ BHV‐I), Brucella spp., Leptospira spp.] was conducted on several of the samples. On the first set of samples, microbial cultures, serology and PCR tests for the common abortifacient agents revealed the presence of Neospora caninum (N. caninum) DNA, which was positive by PCR on the placenta and fetal tissues. The second set of diagnostic investigations also identified two out of three submitted freshly aborted fetuses to be positive for N. caninum by PCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, all three dams were also sero‐positive for N. caninum. The entire herd was being fed on grass silage harvested from a pasture where feral pigs were hunted previously and carcasses were left behind. As a consequence of this action a large population of wild coyotes were attracted to these carcasses, and likely contaminated the pasture with potential N. caninum‐infected feces. After the abortion outbreak was resolved, it was recommended that the farmers should avoid disposal of cadavers of hunted animals in the wild, as it could attract carnivorous and omnivorous animals that may potentially spread the disease to the cattle and other wildlife.
Calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant additives formulated to protect ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer against fire: Hydrated or carbonated calcium?
Authors: Laoutid Fouad , Vahabi Henri , Movahedifar Elnaz , Laheurte Pascal , Vagner Christelle , Cochez Marianne , Brison Loïc , Saeb Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2020

In this study, the effect of the chemical nature of different calcium (Ca)‐based minerals as flame retardant additives in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), in 1:1 proportions, on the flame retardancy behavior and performance of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer was discussed. Combining APP with partly and completely hydrated calcium oxide led to superior flame‐retardant function detected in mass loss calorimeter measurements with respect to the corresponding system containing carbonated calcium. This privileged character was attributed to the higher reactivity of hydrated Ca‐based fillers toward APP in comparison with Ca carbonate, which induced the formation of an intumescent residue. The difference between reactivity potential of hydrated and dry Ca was demonstrated by the newly formed thermally stable species, and further evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis performed on APP/fillers blends. Moreover, the presence of more crystalline domains in the Ca/phosphorus‐based compounds was evidenced by XRD analysis of the mass loss calorimeter test residues. The results of this work highlight the role of blend additive systems on the performance of flame retardancy of polymer materials.
Global Strategy, Local Action with Biogas Production for Rural Energy Climate Change Impact Reduction
Authors: Momodu A. S. , Aransiola E. F. , Adepoju T. D. , Okunade I. D.
Published: August 2020

Global climate change impact is predicted to affect various sectors including the energy demand and supply sectors respectively. Combating this impact will require adoption of both global strategy and localized actions. The use of low carbon strategy based on renewables is a global strategy, while waste management of biodegradable materials through the use anaerobic technology to meet energy demand is a local action. Nigeria is among the vulnerable countries to global climate change impact; this is even more aggravated by its dependence on fossil fuel usage as well as poor waste management, which two, contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter presents analysis of purified compressed biogas production, a waste conversion option, as a local action to meet rural household energy demand and contribute to global strategy of reducing climate change impact. It discusses both technical and business model approaches to upscale a laboratory experimental procedure for biogas production through anaerobic digestion using vegetal wastes. It shows that using anaerobic technology can achieve efficient waste management and at the same time generate energy that can be used to achieve avoided emissions for climate change impact reduction. The study also concludes that upscaling the project will be sustainable for rural energy augmentation as it produces clean and renewable energy, reduces the use of fossil fuels, provides jobs for skilled and unskilled labor, and generates new return streams.
Safety and Security Are Two Sides of the Same Coin
Authors: Leveson Nancy
Published: August 2020

Whether safety and security overlap depends on how one defines each of these qualities. Definitions are man-made and the definer can include or exclude anything they want. The question really is what the definitions imply for the solution of the problems being defined and which definitions lead to the most effective achievement of the property or properties being defined. This chapter starts by proposing an inclusive definition that combines safety and security and then discusses the practical implications of this definition for solving our safety and security problems. These implications include (1) recognizing that safety and security are not equivalent to reliability, (2) broadening the focus in security from information security and keeping intruders out, and (3) creating new integrated analysis methods based on system theory.
Doing Safety … and then Security: Mixing Operational Challenges—Preparing to Be Surprised
Authors: La Porte Todd R.
Published: August 2020

Demands for organizational safety and security continue to increase. With incommensurable, legitimate operational requirements, tensions are to be expected. Variations in the sources of tensions are explored along with potential informal modes of accommodation. Analytical thought experiments are proposed. Prepare for surprise.
Infrared structure of SU(N) × U(1) gauge theory to three loops
Authors: Ajjath A.H. , Mukherjee Pooja , Ravindran V.
Published: August 2020

Abstract

We study the infrared (IR) structure of SU(N)×U(1) (QCD×QED) gauge theory withnfquarks andnlleptons within the framework of perturbation theory. In particular, we unravel the IR structure of the form factors and inclusive real emission cross sections that contribute to inclusive production of color neutral states, such as a pair of leptons or single W/Z in Drell-Yan processes and a Higgs boson in bottom quark annihilation, in Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the threshold limit. Explicit computation of the relevant form factors to third order and the use of Sudakov’sK+Gequation in SU(N)×U(1) gauge theory demonstrate the universality of the cusp anomalous dimensions (AI, I=q, b). The abelianization rules that relateAIof SU(N) with those from U(1) and SU(N)×U(1) can be used to predict the soft distribution that results from the soft gluon emission subprocesses in the threshold limit. Using the latter and the third order form factors, we can obtain the collinear anomalous dimensions (BI) and the renormalisation constantZbto third order in perturbation theory. The form factors, the process independent soft distribution functions can be used to predict fixed and resummed inclusive cross sections to third order in couplings and in leading logarithmic approximation respectively.
COVID-19: Epidemiologische und klinische Fakten
Authors: Hemmer Christoph J. , Geerdes-Fenge Hilte F. , Reisinger Emil C.
Published: August 2020

Bis zum 31.07.2020 wurden weltweit ca. 17,6 Mio. SARS-CoV-2-Infizierte und ca. 680.000 Todesfälle aufgrund von COVID-19 gemeldet. SARS-CoV‑2 wird über Tröpfchen und wahrscheinlich auch Aerosole übertragen. Die Infektiosität beginnt 2–3 Tage vor Symptombeginn, auch asymptomatisch Infizierte sind infektiös. Die Erkrankung betrifft die oberen Atemwege und die Lungen (Pneumonie, akutes Lungenversagen [ARDS]), ferner Herz, Leber, Magen-Darm-Trakt und andere Organe. Das Virus nutzt ACE2 als Rezeptor zum Eindringen in Wirtszellen. Vaskulitis, Endothelschaden, Thromboembolien und Organversagen werden von einer massiven Zytokinantwort begleitet. Gefährdet sind vor allem Ältere sowie Personen mit Vorerkrankungen. Eine effektive antivirale Therapie ist bisher nicht verfügbar. Schwer kranke Patienten profitieren wahrscheinlich von Dexamethason und von frühzeitiger Therapie der Komplikationen. Impfstoffkandidaten befinden sich derzeit in der klinischen Prüfung.
Partial possibilistic regression path modeling: handling uncertainty in path modeling
Authors: Romano Rosaria , Palumbo Francesco
Published: August 2020

The paper presents a new insight of a recently proposed method named partial possibilistic regression path modeling. This method combines the principles of path modeling with those of possibilistic regression to model the net of relations among blocks of variables, where a weighted composite summarizes each block. It assumes that randomness can refer back as the measurement error, which is the error in modeling the relations between the observed variables and the corresponding composite, and the vagueness to the structural error, which is the uncertainty in modeling the relations among the composites behind each block of variables. The comparison of the proposed method with a classical composite-based path model is based on a simulation study. A case study on the use of Wikipedia in higher education illustrates a fruitful usability context of the proposed method.
Seasonal Home Advantage in English Professional Football; 1974–2018
Authors: Peeters Thomas , van Ours Jan C.
Published: August 2020

We study seasonal home advantage in English professional football over the period 1974 to 2018. We distinguish between absolute home advantage, enjoyed equally by all teams in a division, and relative home advantage, which differs among teams in the division. We find that absolute home advantage is substantial, ranging from 0.59 to 0.64 in terms of points per game or 0.44 to 0.46 in terms of goal difference. Likewise, clubs differ substantially in the relative home advantage they enjoy. Relative home advantage is positively related to within-team variation in attendance and the use of an artificial pitch. Despite big cross-divisional differences in attendance, absolute home advantage is about the same in all divisions. Finally, there is a substantial decline in absolute home advantage over time that materializes equally across divisions.
Design and Realization of a Band Pass Filter at D-band Using Gap Waveguide Technology
Authors: Vazquez-Roy Jose Luis , Rajo-Iglesias Eva , Ulisse Giacomo , Krozer Viktor
Published: August 2020

Gap waveguide technology is particularly attractive for the design of passive elements in mm-wave systems. Recently, the so-called zero-gap implementation has proved to be very robust to manufacturing tolerances, while at the same time keeping the low loss associated to the contactless standard gap waveguide. In this paper, a Chebyshev filter working at 145 GHz based on this idea and intended to be used in a wireless communication system is designed and optimized. A conventional milling technique has been used in its fabrication, and good measured results have been obtained in a single-pass process.
When Do Offenders Commit Crime? An Analysis of Temporal Consistency in Individual Offending Patterns
Authors: van Sleeuwen Sabine E. M. , Steenbeek Wouter , Ruiter Stijn
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Building on Hägerstrand’s time geography, we expect temporal consistency in individual offending behavior. We hypothesize that repeat offenders commit offenses at similar times of day and week. In addition, we expect stronger temporal consistency for crimes of the same type and for crimes committed within a shorter time span.

Method

We use police-recorded crime data on 28,274 repeat offenders who committed 152,180 offenses between 1996 and 2009 in the greater The Hague area in the Netherlands. We use a Monte Carlo permutation procedure to compare the overall level of temporal consistency observed in the data to the temporal consistency that is to be expected given the overall temporal distribution of crime.

Results

Repeat offenders show strong temporal consistency: they commit their crimes at more similar hours of day and week than expected. Moreover, the observed temporal consistency patterns are indeed stronger for offenses of the same type of crime and when less time has elapsed between the offenses, especially for offenses committed within a month after the prior offense.

Discussion

The results are consistent with offenders having recurring rhythms that shape their temporal crime pattern. These findings might prove valuable for improving predictive policing methods and crime linkage analysis as well as interventions to reduce recidivism.
Embodiment and personal identity in dementia
Authors: Fuchs Thomas
Published: August 2020

Theories of personal identity in the tradition of John Locke and Derek Parfit emphasize the importance of psychological continuity and the abilities to think, to remember and to make rational choices as a basic criterion for personhood. As a consequence, persons with severe dementia are threatened to lose the status of persons. Such concepts, however, are situated within a dualistic framework, in which the body is regarded as a mere vehicle of the person, or a carrier of the brain as the organ of mental faculties. Based on the phenomenology of embodiment, this paper elaborates a different approach to personal identity in dementia. In this perspective, selfhood is primarily constituted by pre-reflective self-awareness and the body memory of an individual, which consists in the embodiment and enactment of familiar habits, practices and preferences. After describing the different types of body memory, the paper develops a phenomenology of dementia as a loss of reflexivity and meta-perspective. This is contrasted with the preservation of individual forms of body memory even in the later stages of the illness. The ethical consequences of an embodied approach to dementia are outlined. A final look is given to narrativistic and constructionist concepts of the self in dementia.
Athletes and adversities: athletic identity and emotional regulation in time of COVID-19
Authors: Costa Sergio , Santi Giampaolo , di Fronso Selenia , Montesano Cristina , Di Gruttola Francesco , Ciofi Edoardo Giorgio , Morgilli Luana , Bertollo Maurizio
Published: August 2020

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted on the sporting field, with athletes constrained in home isolation without the possibility to train and compete in their usual environments. This situation has been investigated within the theoretical frameworks of athletic identity and cognitive emotion regulation.

Objectives

The objectives of our investigation were to: (a) validate the athletic identity measurement scale (AIMS) for use in Italian language; and (b) explore differences by gender, typology of sport (individual vs. team), and competitive level (elite vs. non-elite) in athletic identity and in cognitive emotion regulation during the Covid-19 lockdown period.

Methods

To achieve these objectives, the reliability and construct validity of the Italian version of the AIMS have been tested in Study 1. Multivariate and univariate analyses were run to evaluate differences between different groups of athletes in Study 2.

Results

Results from Study 1 suggest a 3-factor higher order model of athletic identity. Results from Study 2 highlight that, during this lockdown period, elite athletes and team sports athletes show higher athletic identity. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies are different for gender and for competitive level. Finally, athletes with higher athletic identity tend to ruminate and catastrophize more.

Conclusions

The present multi-study paper contributes to the theoretical field with a validated measure of athletic identity in Italian language. It also provides some practical implications that could apply in this situation of isolation and can be extended to cases such as those of injury or illness.
Combined leaching and plant uptake simulations of PFOA and PFOS under field conditions
Authors: Gassmann Matthias , Weidemann Eva , Stahl Thorsten
Published: August 2020

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used in industrial production and manufacturing but were repeatedly detected in agricultural soils and therefore in cash crops in recent years. Dissipation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), a sub-group of PFASs, in the environment was rather attributed to the formation of non-extractable residues (NER) than to degradation or transformation. Currently, there are no models describing the fate of PFAAs in the soil-plant continuum under field conditions, which hampers an assessment of potential groundwater and food contamination. Therefore, we tested the ability of the pesticide-leaching model MACRO to simulate the leaching and plant uptake of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in a field lysimeter using two concepts of adsorption: a kinetic two-side sorption concept usually applied for pesticide leaching (scenario I) and the formation of NER (scenario II). The breakthrough of substances could be simulated adequately in scenario II only. Scenario I, however, was not able to reproduce sampled leaching concentrations. Plant uptake was simulated well in the first year after contamination but lacked adequacy in the following years. The model results suggest that more than 90% of PFOA and PFOS are in the pool of NER after 8 years, which is more compared with other studies. However, since NER formation was hypothesized to be a kinetic process and our study used a PFASs leaching time series over a period of 8 years, the results are reasonable. Further research is required on the formation of NER and the uptake of PFAAs into plants in order to gain a better model performance and extend the simulation approach to other PFAAs.
Correction to: The Procedureless Elipse Gastric Balloon Program: Multicenter Experience in 1770 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Ienca R. , Al Jarallah Mohammed , Caballero Adelardo , Giardiello Cristiano , Rosa Michele , Kolmer Sébastien , Sebbag Hugues , Hansoulle Julie , Quartararo Giovanni , Zouaghi Sophie Al Samman , Juneja Girish , Murcia Sébastien , Turro Roman , Pagan Alberto , Badiuddin Faruq , Dargent Jérôme , Urbain Pierre , Paveliu Stefan , di Cola Rita Schiano , Selvaggio Corrado , Al Kuwari Mohammed
Published: August 2020

This article was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on May 5, 2020 without open access.