bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioaccessibility, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potentials of Phenolic Compounds
Ultrasonically Extracted from Acerola Malpighia glabra DC Coproduct
Authors: da Silva Severino Lima Jorgiane , da Silva Larissa Morais Ribeiro , Fonteles Thatyane Vidal , de Figueiredo Evânia Altina Teixeira , Mendes Ana Erbênia Pereira , de Oliveira Souza Tobias , Campos João Osvaldo Silva , Ricardo Nágila Maria Pontes Silva , de Sousa Paulo Henrique Machado
Published: September 2021

Background:

This study assessed the effects of solvent proportion, time and power intensity
of ultrasound processing on the extraction, bioaccessibility, antioxidant and antimicrobial
activity of phenolic compounds (PC) from acerola (Malpighia glabra DC) coproduct (ACP).

Methods:

The ultrasound process with water as a solvent in a ratio of 1:2, power intensity of 75
W/cm2 during 10 min was selected as the optimal condition to provide higher extraction of the total
phenolic compounds (4126 mg gallic acid.100 g-1 with total antioxidant activity of 98.62
μMTrolox. g-1). Power intensity and solid: solvent proportion were the parameters that increased
the total PC quantification. The main phenolic compounds from the ACP tentatively identified by
UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS were rutin, luteolin, and quercetin. Ultrasound extraction also improved
antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus (40 mg.L -1).

Results:

These results indicate that antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in the ACP phenolic extracts
are quite potent and implicate the presence of compounds with potent free-radical-scavenging
activity.

Conclusion:

It is possible to extract phenolic compounds from acerola coproducts using sustainable
“green” technology, only using water as a solvent and ultrasound processing.
A Qualidade na Prestação dos Serviços Públicos em Angola: a perceção dos usuários da rede SIAC de Luanda
Authors: Munzemba Pedro António , Araújo Joaquim Filipe Ferraz Esteves de
Published: September 2021

A qualidade da prestação dos serviços públicos é um tema presente na agenda dos governos. A criação do Serviço Integrado de Atendimento ao Cidadão (SIAC), em Angola, procurou introduzir uma nova forma de prestação de serviços públicos, na qual a qualidade foi uma preocupação. O objectivo deste artigo é analisar a percepção que os cidadãos têm sobre a qualidade dos serviços prestados nos SIAC’s, de modo a inferir o grau de satisfação dos mesmos, assim como verificar se as dimensões da qualidade têm sido percebidas pelos usuários como devidamente atendidas. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário junto de uma amostra representativa dos usuários deste serviço, em Luanda, utilizando a escala SERVQUAL. Foi realizada uma análise de Regressão Linear Múltipla, através da IBM SPSS (versão 25). A componente empírica do estudo validou todas as cinco hipóteses apresentadas, demonstrando que a dimensão empatia é o preditor mais forte para prever a satisfação, enquanto, o preditor com menos contributo é a dimensão tangibilidade. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, os SIAC’s contribuíram para o aumento da percepção da qualidade dos serviços públicos. O que denota que a modernização administrativa implementada pelo PREA, relativamente ao SIAC, está a produzir os efeitos desejados em termos de políticas públicas. Por fim, o presente estudo tem particular relevância para a literatura da qualidade dos serviços públicos, na medida que amplia o alcance de utilização das escalas SERVQUAL para um contexto que o diferencia dos estudos anteriores – o sector público angolano.
The Contribution of the Internet to Reducing Social Isolation in Individuals Aged 50 Years and Older: Quantitative Study of Data From the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
Authors: Silva Patrícia , Delerue Matos Alice , Martinez-Pecino Roberto
Published: September 2021

Background

Social isolation has a negative impact on the quality of life of older people; therefore, studies have focused on identifying its sociodemographic, economic, and health determinants. In view of the growing importance of the internet as a means of communication, it is essential to assess whether internet use interferes with social isolation.

Objective

This study specifically aims to clarify the relationship between internet use and social isolation of individuals aged ≥50 years, for which other surveys present contradictory results.

Methods

We performed logistic regression analysis with social isolation as the dependent variable, internet use as the interest variable, and several other sociodemographic, economic, and health characteristics of the individuals as control variables. The sample size was 67,173 individuals aged 50 years and older from 17 European countries (Portugal, Greece, Italy, Spain, Denmark, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Luxemburg, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Estonia, and Croatia) plus Israel, who were interviewed in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), wave 6.

Results

The results show that countries differ in the level of social isolation and rate of internet use by individuals aged 50 years and older. They also evidence that in most of the countries analyzed, social isolation of internet users was lower compared to that of nonusers after controlling for a set of sociodemographic, economic, and health characteristics of the individuals that have been previously described in the literature as determinants of social isolation. Indeed, on average, although 31.4% of individuals in the nonuser group experienced high social isolation, only 12.9% of individuals who used the internet experienced this condition.

Conclusions

Internet users show lower social isolation. This result underlines the importance of promoting e-inclusion in Europe as a way to counter social isolation of individuals aged 50 years and older.
Efficacy of Interventions That Incorporate Mobile Apps in Facilitating Weight Loss and Health Behavior Change in the Asian Population: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ang Siew Min , Chen Juliana , Liew Jia Huan , Johal Jolyn , Dan Yock Young , Allman-Farinelli Margaret , Lim Su Lin
Published: September 2021

Background

Smartphone apps have shown potential in enhancing weight management in Western populations in the short to medium term. With a rapidly growing obesity burden in Asian populations, researchers are turning to apps as a service delivery platform to reach a larger target audience to efficiently address the problem.

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the efficacy of interventions that incorporate apps in facilitating weight loss and health behavior change in the Asian population.

Methods

A total of 6 databases were searched in June 2020. The eligible studies included controlled trials in which an app was used in the intervention. The participants were aged 18 years or older and were of Asian ethnicity. A meta-analysis to test intervention efficacy, subgroup analyses, and post hoc analyses was conducted to determine the effects of adding an app to usual care and study duration. The primary outcome was absolute or percentage weight change, whereas the secondary outcomes were changes to lifestyle behaviors.

Results

A total of 21 studies were included in this review, and 17 (81%) were selected for the meta-analysis. The pooled effect size across 82% (14/17) of the randomized controlled trials for weight change was small to moderate (Hedges g=–0.26; 95% CI –0.41 to –0.11), indicating slightly greater weight loss achieved in the intervention group; however, this may not be representative of long-term studies (lasting for more than a year). Supplementing multicomponent usual care with an app led to greater weight loss (Hedges g=–0.28; 95% CI –0.47 to –0.09). Asian apps were largely culturally adapted and multifunctional, with the most common app features being communication with health professionals and self-monitoring of behaviors and outcomes.

Conclusions

More evidence is required to determine the efficacy of apps in the long term and address the low uptake of apps to maximize the potential of the intervention. Future research should determine the efficacy of each component of the multicomponent intervention to facilitate the designing of studies that are most effective and cost-efficient for weight management.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42020165240; https://tinyurl.com/2db4tvn6
Augmented Reality in Physical Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Vinolo Gil Maria Jesus , Gonzalez-Medina Gloria , Lucena-Anton David , Perez-Cabezas Veronica , Ruiz-Molinero María Del Carmen , Martín-Valero Rocío
Published: September 2021

Background

Augmented reality (AR) is a rapidly expanding technology; it comprises the generation of new images from digital information in the real physical environment of a person, which simulates an environment where the artificial and real are mixed. The use of AR in physiotherapy has shown benefits in certain areas of patient health. However, these benefits have not been studied as a whole.

Objective

This study aims to ascertain the current scientific evidence on AR therapy as a complement to physiotherapy and to determine the areas in which it has been used the most and which variables and methods have been most effective.

Methods

A systematic review registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) recommendations. The search was conducted from July to August 2021 in the PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library scientific databases using the keywords augmented reality, physiotherapy, physical therapy, exercise therapy, rehabilitation, physical medicine, fitness, and occupational therapy. The methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network scale to determine the degree of recommendation. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias.

Results

In total, 11 articles were included in the systematic review. Of the 11 articles, 4 (36%) contributed information to the meta-analysis. Overall, 64% (7/11) obtained a good level of evidence, and most had a B degree of recommendation of evidence. A total of 308 participants were analyzed. Favorable results were found for the Berg Balance Scale (standardized mean change 0.473, 95% CI −0.0877 to 1.0338; z=1.65; P=.10) and the Timed Up and Go test (standardized mean change −1.211, 95% CI −3.2005 to 0.7768; z=−1.194; P=.23).

Conclusions

AR, in combination with conventional therapy, has been used for the treatment of balance and fall prevention in geriatrics, lower and upper limb functionality in stroke, pain in phantom pain syndrome, and turning in place in patients with Parkinson disease with freezing of gait. AR is effective for the improvement of balance; however, given the small size of the samples and the high heterogeneity of the studies, the results were not conclusive. Future studies using larger sample sizes and with greater homogeneity in terms of the devices used and the frequency and intensity of the interventions are needed.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020180766; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=180766
Analysis of Population Differences in Digital Conversations About Cancer Clinical Trials: Advanced Data Mining and Extraction Study (Preprint)
Authors: Perez Edith A , Jaffee Elizabeth M , Whyte John , Boyce Cheryl A , Carpten John D , Lozano Guillermina , Williams Raymond M , Winkfield Karen M , Bernstein David , Poblete Sung
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Racial and ethnic diversity in clinical trials for cancer treatment is essential for the development of treatments that are effective for all patients and for identifying potential differences in toxicity between different demographics. Mining of social media discussions about clinical trials has been used previously to identify patient barriers to enrollment in clinical trials; however, a comprehensive breakdown of sentiments and barriers by various racial and ethnic groups is lacking.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to use an innovative methodology to analyze web-based conversations about cancer clinical trials and to identify and compare conversation topics, barriers, and sentiments between different racial and ethnic populations.

METHODS

We analyzed 372,283 web-based conversations about cancer clinical trials, of which 179,339 (48.17%) of the discussions had identifiable race information about the individual posting the conversations. Using sophisticated machine learning software and analyses, we were able to identify key sentiments and feelings, topics of interest, and barriers to clinical trials across racial groups. The stage of treatment could also be identified in many of the discussions, allowing for a unique insight into how the sentiments and challenges of patients change throughout the treatment process for each racial group.

RESULTS

We observed that only 4.01% (372,283/9,284,284) of cancer-related discussions referenced clinical trials. Within these discussions, topics of interest and identified clinical trial barriers discussed by all racial and ethnic groups throughout the treatment process included health care professional interactions, cost of care, fear, anxiety and lack of awareness, risks, treatment experiences, and the clinical trial enrollment process. Health care professional interactions, cost of care, and enrollment processes were notably discussed more frequently in minority populations. Other minor variations in the frequency of discussion topics between ethnic and racial groups throughout the treatment process were identified.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the power of digital search technology in health care research. The results are also valuable for identifying the ideal content and timing for the delivery of clinical trial information and resources for different racial and ethnic groups.
Understanding Patterns of Healthy Aging Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for an Observational Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Egan James E , Haberlen Sabina A , Meanley Steven , Ware Deanna , Brown Andre L , Siconolfi Daniel , Brennan-Ing Mark , Stall Ron , Plankey Michael W , Friedman M Reuel
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

With the graying of sexual and gender minority communities and the growing number of people aged ≥50 years living with HIV, it is increasingly important to understand resilience in the context of the psychosocial aspects of aging and aging well.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to describe the methods and sample for the Understanding Patterns of Healthy Aging Among Men Who Have Sex With Men study.

METHODS

This observational cohort study was conducted within the Multisite AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and was designed to explore resiliencies to explain patterns of health and illness among middle-aged and older sexual minority men. To be eligible, a participant had to be an active participant in the MACS, be at least 40 years of age as of April 1, 2016, and report any sex with another man since enrollment in the MACS.

RESULTS

Eligible participants (N=1318) completed six biannual surveys between April 2016 and April 2019. The mean age of the sample was 59.6 years (range 40-91 years). The sample was mostly White, educated, gay-identified, and included both HIV-positive (656/1318, 49.77%) and HIV-negative (662/1318, 50.23%) men.

CONCLUSIONS

Understanding resiliencies in aging is a critical springboard for the development of more holistic public health theories and interventions that support healthy aging among older sexual minority men.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR1-10.2196/25750
The Effectiveness of a Brief Telehealth and Smartphone Intervention for College Students Receiving Traditional Therapy: Longitudinal Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment Data (Preprint)
Authors: Taylor Madison E , Lozy Olivia , Conti Kaileigh , Wacha-Montes Annmarie , Bentley Kate H , Kleiman Evan M
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Brief interventions such as mental health apps and single-session interventions are increasingly popular, efficacious, and accessible delivery formats that may be beneficial for college students whose mental health needs may not be adequately met by college counseling centers. However, no studies so far have examined the effectiveness of these modes of treatment for college students who are already receiving traditional therapy, despite it being common among this population.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to compare the differences in self-reported momentary negative affect between college students in therapy and not in therapy who received a brief single-session intervention delivered by counseling center staff and a supplemental mobile app.

METHODS

Data for this study were drawn from E-Manage, a brief mobile health intervention geared toward college students. Participants in the study were 173 college students who indicated whether they had received therapy. We conducted a multilevel model to determine whether there were differences between those in therapy versus not in therapy in negative affect reported throughout the study. Following this, we conducted multilevel models with therapy status as the predictor and negative affect as the outcome.

RESULTS

Results of the multilevel model testing showed that the cross-level interaction between the time point (ie, pre- vs postexercise) and therapy status was significant (P=.008), with the reduction in negative affect from pre- to postexercise greater for those in therapy (b=–0.65, 95% CI –0.91 to –0.40; P<.001) than it was for those not in therapy (b=–0.31, 95% CI –0.43 to –0.19; P<.001). Therapy status was unassociated with both the pre-exercise (b=–1.69, 95% CI –3.51 to 0.13; P=.07) and postexercise (b=–1.37, 95% CI –3.17 to 0.43; P=.14) ratings of negative affect.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that app-based and single-session interventions are also appropriate to use among college students who are receiving traditional therapy. A randomized controlled trial comparing students receiving therapy to students receiving therapy and E-Manage will be necessary to determine to what extent E-Manage contributed to the reductions in negative affect that therapy-attending college students experienced.
From Gymnastics to Sports: The Sports Transformation of Wushu during the Republic of China Era
Authors: Wei-lei Yang
Published: September 2021

By using literature method and mathematical statistics method and reading the Wushu literature of the Republic of China, the transformation process of Wushu sports is sorted out. Under the background of internal and external troubles and “Western learning”, Wushu is regarded as a representative of local sports, with high expectations for a rich country and a strong country. Under the influence of “the dispute between preservation and abolishment of military exercises” and “the Rivalry between Traditional Chinese and Western Sports”, Chinese people learned from the development of western sports culture and improved Wushu, and appeared the “Wushu gymnastics”, which is an active exploration of Wushu sports experiencing the transformation process from gymnastics to sports. The establishment of Wushu research institutions and publications has accelerated the scientific and educational progress of Wushu, and laid a solid foundation for the development of Wushu sports.
Der Vorrang der Selbstbestimmung.
Authors: Tichy Matthias
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung: Das jüngste Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zur Beihilfe zur Selbsttötung ist bei Kirchen und Ärztevertretern auf deutliche Ablehnung gestoßen. Auch der ehemalige Vorsitzende des Deutschen Ethikrats hat das Urteil scharf kritisiert. Die Vehemenz dieser Kritik deutet darauf hin, dass sich der Gegensatz zwischen Verteidigern und Gegnern des Vorrangs der Selbstbestimmung einer Person im Hinblick auf ihr eigenes Lebensende verhärtet hat. Um einen Ausweg aus diesem Patt zu finden, muss die Streitfrage in anderen Begriffen formuliert werden als in denen des Rechts und der kategorischen Gebote. Wichtige Hinweise dazu liefern Ronald Dworkins Überlegungen zur Ursache moralischer Konflikte.
Die Regierung der Anderen
Authors: Gebhardt Mareike
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung: Der Beitrag nimmt eine politiktheoretisch-dispositivanalytische Perspektive ein. Er zeigt auf, inwiefern im mediterranen Grenzraum Europas nicht nur Mechanismen wirksam werden, die Migrant*innen verandern, sondern sie töten. Die letale VerAnderung vollzieht sich im europäischen Grenzregime innerhalb eines militärisch-humanitären Komplexes, in dem über Vergeschlechtlichung und Rassifizierung Migrant*innen mit spezifischen Affekten verkoppelt und dadurch de-/humanisiert werden. Durch diese Regierung der Anderen sollen regressive Migrationspolitik und ein repressives Grenzregime plausibilisiert werden. Der Heterogenität des Grenzregimes Rechnung tragend diskutiert der Beitrag die diskursive Produktion des Anderen, dessen affektiv-performative Stabilisierung sowie die materiell-technologische Kultur der Grenze. Damit lehnt sich der Beitrag an die Arbeiten Foucaults zu Diskurs, Wahrheitsproduktion und Gouvernementalität an, fokussiert jedoch auf Theorien, die Foucaults Konzepte affekt- und geschlechtertheoretisch bzw. postkolonial reiterieren: Sara Ahmeds Konzept der affektiven Ökonomie, Judith Butlers Theorie der Betrauerbarkeit und Achille Mbembes Begriff der Vergrenzung. Dadurch werden die trauer- und nekropolitischen Aspekte des europäischen Grenzregimes nicht nur über politiktheoretische Perspektivierungen reflektiert, sondern durch einen rassismus- und geschlechterkritischen Blick ernst genommen.
Grenzen, Körper und Gewalt: Wie Pornografie die Grenze zwischen Mexiko und den Vereinigten Staaten erzählt
Authors: Casaglia Anna
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung: Dieser Artikel problematisiert das pornografische Genre des „Border Sex“, welches an der Grenze zwischen den USA und Mexiko spielt und in den USA produziert wird und welches ungleiche Machtverhältnisse darstellt, die an der Grenze und durch die Grenze Gestalt annehmen. Ich entwickle dabei eine Interpretation dieser Darstellungen, indem ich auf den Einsatz von institutionalisierter Gewalt als Mittel zur Ausübung von Kontrolle über die Körper von Migrantinnen fokussiere. Meine Interpretation hebt die intersektionalen Aspekte von Ungleichheiten hervor und erarbeitet ein Verständnis der Verkörperung von Kontrolle und der Grenze zwischen den USA und Mexiko, welches die Bedeutung und das Potenzial der theoretischen und analytischen Werkzeuge der feministischen Geographie aufzeigt, um so einen Beitrag zur kritischen Grenzregimeforschung zu leisten.
How Many Simultaneous Audit Committee Memberships Are Too Many?
Authors: Carmenate Jimmy , Crews Cori O. , Sharma Vineeta D. , Sparger John R.
Published: September 2021

Recent research by D. Sharma, V. Sharma, Tanyi, and Cheng (2020) provides new insight into directors serving on multiple public company audit committees. Specifically, they investigate how an individual audit committee director serving on multiple audit committees is related to companies' cost of equity capital. Their evidence suggests that serving on multiple audit committees is viewed positively by investors up to a certain point, but beyond that point investors become concerned. This turning point, on average, is 3.5 audit committees for retired directors and 1.5 audit committees for directors in full-time employment. These results have implications for numerous stakeholders including investors, proxy advisors, boards, nominating committees, stock exchanges, and policymakers. They also have implications for future research.
Does Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Affect Share Price Responses to Earnings Announcements? Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Peixin , Huang Haijie , Lee Edward , Petaibanlue Jirada
Published: September 2021

We utilize the mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure regulation in China as an exogenous shock to evaluate the impact of such disclosures on investors as end users of accounting information based on the analysis of share price responses to earnings announcements. Specifically, we observe that firms with mandated CSR disclosure experience an increase in earnings response coefficient and a decrease in post-earnings announcement drift. Furthermore, these effects are greater among CSR-sensitive industries, state-owned enterprises, and lower accounting quality firms. Additional analysis also reveals that these effects vary by the quality of CSR disclosure and CSR performance. These findings suggest that CSR disclosure provides incremental information that is useful for investors to assess firms' future prospects and uncertainties. A broader implication of our study is that mandating CSR disclosure could improve market information efficiency and benefit outside investors.

Data Availability: All data are publicly available from sources indicated in the text.

JEL Classifications: G38; M14; M41.
CEO Media Coverage and Corporate Investment
Authors: Chen Weijie , Zhang Yongjie , Zhao Jingran , Hu Gang , Zou Gaofeng
Published: September 2021

We examine how the tone of news articles about CEOs affects corporate investment at the CEOs' firms. Using unique Chinese media coverage data, we show that positive CEO news articles are significantly associated with increased corporate investment, and the total number of articles does not matter. To establish causality, we use a Granger lead-lag test approach, as well as an instrumental variable approach that uses type of news outlets (state-controlled versus non-state-controlled). Our identification strategies suggest a positive causal effect of CEO news tone on the level of corporate investment. We further identify two underlying economic mechanisms: CEO overconfidence and investor sentiment. We find that the relation between CEO news tone and corporate investment is mainly driven by the overinvestment aspect of investment inefficiency. Our work contributes to prior literature by examining the effects of specific news types (i.e., CEO coverage) and by highlighting a behavioral perspective underlying corporate investment.
Changing the Blame Game: Does the Presence of a Pay Ratio Disclosure Impact Nonprofessional Investors' Reactions to CEOs' Internal Attributions for Poor Firm Performance?
Authors: Cade Nicole L. , Kaplan Steven E. , Loftus Serena
Published: September 2021

We conduct two experiments to investigate how the presence of the CEO pay ratio, a recently mandated disclosure, influences nonprofessional investors' reactions to a CEO's internal attributions for poor firm performance. Results of our first experiment suggest that relative to blaming oneself, blaming other firm employees for poor firm performance more effectively absolves a CEO from responsibility for poor firm performance and damages perceptions of the CEO's trustworthiness less when a pay ratio disclosure is present versus absent. These perceptions, in turn, affect investors' support for the CEO's compensation and the company's attractiveness as an investment. Our second experiment provides evidence of the underlying process, showing the pay ratio disclosure and the CEO's attribution to other employees affects the perceived status of a CEO. Together, our findings inform managers about the impact of their attributions for poor firm performance and regulators about potential unintended consequences of pay ratio disclosures.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.

JEL Classifications: G40; M41; M52.
Development and correctness analysis of the mathematical model of transport and suspension sedimentation depending on bottom relief variation
Authors: Sukhinov A. I. , Sidoryakina V. V.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the study on the three-dimensional model of transport and suspension sedimentation in the coastal area due to changes in the bottom relief. The model considers the following processes: advective transfer caused by the aquatic medium motion, micro-turbulent diffusion, and gravity sedimentation of suspended particles, as well as the bottom geometry variation caused by the particle settling or bottom sediment rising. The work objective was to conduct an analytical study of the correctness of the initial-boundary value problem corresponding to the constructed model.

Materials and Methods. The change in the bottom relief aids in solution to the initial-boundary value problem for a parabolic equation with the lowest derivatives in a domain whose geometry depends on the desired function of the solution, which in general leads to a nonlinear formulation of the problem. The model is linearized on the time grid due to the “freezing” of the bottom relief within a single step in time and the subsequent recalculation of the bottom surface function on the basis of the changed function of the suspension concentration, as well as a possible change in the velocity vector of the aquatic medium.

Research Results. For the linearized problem, a quadratic functional is constructed, and the uniqueness of the solution to the corresponding initial boundary value problem is proved within the limits of an unspecified time step. On the basis of the quadratic functional transformation, we obtain a prior estimate of the solution norm in the functional space L2 as a function of the integral time estimates of the right side, and the initial condition. Thus, the stability of the solution to the initial problem from the change of the initial and boundary conditions, the right-hand side function, is established.

Discussion and Conclusions. The model can be of value for predicting the spread of contaminants and changes in the bottom topography, both under an anthropogenic impact and due to the natural processes in the coastal area.
Digitalization as a tool for transformation of modern economic systems
Authors: Melenkin V. L. , Chesheva K. K.
Published: September 2021

The processes of acquiring the role of one of the key drivers of socio-economic development by digital technologies are analyzed. The main directions of transformation of business models content in the digital economy are outlined. The features of new approaches formation to the management of territorial systems of various levels, which are embodied in the practical application of "smart city" concepts and "digital region», are considered.
PENERAPAN STRATEGI BERSAING UMKM DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KINERJA USAHA
Authors: Sembiring Sari Indah Oktanti
Published: September 2021

SME is one of the factors affecting economic development in Indonesia right now. This research aims to study the effect of competitive strategy to bussiness performance using unique capabilities, process innovation and competitive strategy as the indicators. The sample used in this research is food and beverage SME in Lampung Province available in year 2017-2019.

This research is a descriptive and verificative study, running the data using SEM-PLS. The result show that unique capabilities has a psotive and sginificant effect to business performance simultaniously and partially, and process innovation has a positive but not significant effect. The result also shows that unique capabilities and process innovation has a positive and significant effect to competitive strategy simultaniously and partially. It can be concluded that to increase Food and Beverage SME’s business performance in Lampung Province, we need to develop competitive strategy to increase the unique capabilities and process innovation
Peran Kepala Sekolah dalam Supervisi Internal bagi Peningkatan Profesionalitas Guru
Authors: Pamuji Gatot
Published: September 2021

Abstrak

Lembaga pendidikan merupakan sarana untuk mengembangkan dan meningkatkan kemampuan peserta didik pada ranah pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap. Pada ranah pengetahuan diharapkan peserta didik menguasai pengetahuan dari ilmu yang didapat pada kegiatan belajar mengajar, pada ranah keterampilan diharapkan peserta didik memiliki keterampilan, sedangkan pada ranah sikap diharapkan setelah peserta didik mengikuti proses KBM peserta didik memiliki sikap yang baik. Peranan gurulah yang menjadi salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan peserta didik, oleh karena itu guru harus dapat meningkatakan pengetahuan dan keahlian secara terus-menerus sehingga menjadi guru yang profesional. Salah satu daya dukung guru menjadi guru yang profesional yaitu bantuan teknis seorang pemimpin atau kepala sekolah, salah satu bantuan teknis itu berupa supervisi (pelayanan secara sistematis atau melalui tahap-tahap pengawasan yang mampu menilai dan memperbaiki proses belajar mengajar agar menjadi lebih baik). Kepala sekolah sebagai supervisor internal perlu memahami tujuan supervisi, fungsi supervisi, prinsip supervisi, teknik supervisi, obyek supervisi, serta pendekatan supervisi, sehingga dalam pelaksanaan supervisinya tepat pada sasaran.

 

Kata Kunci: Supervisi Internal, Profesionalitas Guru
Upaya Meningkatkan Mutu Pembelajaran PAI melalui Metode Daring dengan Model Pedagogis Kontruktivistik di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Usriati Usriati , Misbah M
Published: September 2021

Penelitian yang dilakukan ini bertujuan dalam upaya peningkatan mutu pembelajaran PAI di masa pandemi. Peningkatan ini dilakukan melalui penerapan metode Daring model Pedagogis Kontruktivistik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilakukan dalam proses kegiatan pembelajaran online, dengan subyek penelitian siswa SD Negeri 2 Rejasari Kecamatan Purwokerto Barat. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada penerapan metode Daring model Pedagogis Kontruktivistik yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar PAI. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan dalam 4 tahap, diawali dengan perencanaan, realisasi rencana, observasi, evaluasi dan perbaikan. Pengumpulan informasinya menggunakan wawancara dan observasi serta dokumentasi. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua siklus, di mana Hasil penelitiannya menunjukan bahwa upaya dalam meningkatkan mutu belajar PAI berhasil dengan baik. Mutu pembelajaran terlihat pada perubahan kegiatan pembelajaran Daring model Pedagogis Kontruktivistik. Pada siklus I siswa masih terlihat bingung, Rebutan bertanya, dan sebagian ada yang kurang memperhatikan penjelasan guru yang di kirim lewat pembelajaran online. Kegiatan Daring ternyata didominasi siswa yang aktif dan mempunyai media pendukung. Pada siklus 2, tampak keberanian siswa untuk bertanya dan menyampaikan pendapatnya bertambah. Kegiatan pembelajarannya berkembang sangat baik. Masing-masing siswa tampak bersemangat mengukir prestasi yang baik. Peningkatan prestasi belajar bertujuan dengan keaktifan siswa, hal ini dapat dilihat pada nilai ketuntasan belajar peserta didik dengan rata rata 68 pada siklus I, dan naik  menjadi 79,5 pada siklus II.
Mesurer les changements autodéclarés relatifs à la consommation d’alcool et de cannabis au cours de la deuxième vague de la pandémie de COVID-19 au Canada
Authors: Varin Mélanie , Hill MacEachern Kate , Hussain Nousin , Baker Melissa M.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Cette étude présente des estimations représentatives à l’échelle nationale portant sur les changements autodéclarés relatifs à la consommation d’alcool et de cannabis depuis le début de la pandémie de COVID 19 au Canada. Nous nous sommes servi de données de l’Enquête sur la COVID 19 et la santé mentale (qui a eu lieu de septembre à décembre 2020) pour calculer la prévalence de ces changements. Les résultats révèlent que 15,7 % des répondants ont déclaré avoir augmenté leur consommation d’alcool et 5,4 % leur consommation de cannabis depuis le début de la pandémie. Des disparités sociodémographiques ont été observées, laissant supposer que l’augmentation de la consommation d’alcool et de cannabis serait plus répandue au sein de certaines populations.
Symptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the Canadian population
Authors: Shields Margot , Tonmyr Lil , Gonzalez Andrea , Weeks Murray , Park Su-Bin , Robert Anne-Marie , Blair Dawn-Li , MacMillan Harriet L.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, numerous studies from around the world have reported declines in mental health. However, most of these studies were of low-to-moderate quality and many were based on convenience samples or used mental health measures with low validity, or both. Consequently, it has been difficult to draw conclusions.

Methods

Both the 2020 Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health (SCMH) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (2015–2019) used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to screen for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults aged 18 or older. The prevalence of MDD was compared between the SCMH and the CCHS. Risk and protective factors for MDD in the SCMH were examined using bivariate and logistic regression analyses.

Results

Based on SCMH data, 15.2% (95% CI: 14.2–16.2) of Canadians screened positive for MDD. The prevalence of MDD was more than two times higher in the SCMH (during COVID-19) than in the CCHS (predating COVID-19). In bivariate analysis, Canadians reporting five or more COVID-19-related risk factors were close to 30 times more likely to have MDD than those reporting no risk factors. Mastery and a sense of community belonging were protective factors for MDD.

Conclusion

After remaining stable for two decades, the prevalence of depression among Canadians increased substantially with the onset of COVID-19. Ongoing monitoring of this common condition associated with major morbidity is vital to determine if elevated levels of MDD persist as we progress through and beyond future waves of COVID-19.
Symptômes du trouble dépressif majeur pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 : résultats obtenus à partir d’un échantillon représentatif de la population canadienne
Authors: Shields Margot , Tonmyr Lil , Gonzalez Andrea , Weeks Murray , Park Su-Bin , Robert Anne-Marie , Blair Dawn-Li , MacMillan Harriet L.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Depuis le début de la pandémie de COVID 19, de nombreuses études à l’échelle mondiale ont fait état d’une détérioration de la santé mentale. Toutefois, la plupart de ces études sont de qualité faible ou moyenne, et bon nombre d’entre elles s’appuient sur des échantillons de commodité ou utilisent des mesures de la santé mentale à faible validité, voire les deux. Par conséquent, il est difficile d’en tirer des conclusions.

Méthodologie

L’Enquête sur la COVID 19 et la santé mentale (ECSM) de 2020 et l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes (ESCC) (2015-2019) ont toutes les deux utilisé le Questionnaire en 9 points sur la santé du patient pour dépister le trouble dépressif majeur (TDM) chez les adultes de 18 ans et plus. On a comparé la prévalence du TDM dans l’ECSM et dans l’ESCC. Dans l’ECSM, on a étudié les facteurs de risque de TDM et les facteurs de protection par analyses bivariées à l’aide de régressions logistiques.

Résultats

Selon les données de l’ECSM, 15,2 % (IC à 95 % : 14,2 à 16,2 %) des Canadiens ont obtenu un résultat positif au dépistage du TDM. La prévalence du TDM était plus de deux fois plus élevée dans l’ECSM (durant la COVID 19) que dans l’ESCC (avant la COVID 19). Dans l’analyse bivariée, les Canadiens ayant déclaré avoir au moins cinq facteurs de risque liés à la COVID 19 étaient environ 30 fois plus susceptibles d’avoir un TDM que ceux ayant déclaré n’avoir aucun facteur de risque. Le sentiment de maîtrise et le sentiment d’appartenance à la communauté se sont révélés des facteurs de protection contre le TDM.

Conclusion

Après être demeurée stable pendant 20 ans, la prévalence de la dépression chez les Canadiens a considérablement augmenté depuis le début de la pandémie de COVID 19. Il est essentiel de surveiller de façon continue ce trouble courant qui est associé à une morbidité importante, afin de déterminer si les taux élevés de TDM vont persister pendant et après les différentes vagues de COVID 19.
Contextualizing clinical social work practice with individuals, families, and groups in Northern British Columbia
Authors:   , Mkango Maria
Published: September 2021

Contextualizing clinical social work practice was the goal of the 450 practicum hours I completed at Walmsley and Validity Counselling Services. The practicum report starts with an overview of clinical social work practice and provides a detailed history of the practicum agency, services offered, and funding. In the following chapters, I explore and weave myself into the theoretical orientations that ground my practicum practice. Also, there is a salient review of literature necessary to contextualize clinical practice, especially in Northern British Columbia. From the practicum experience, I drew connections between the contextualization of clinical social work practice and key elements such as reflexivity, supervision, and training.
Characterization and modification of natural clay deposits to develop clay-based adsorbent to remove phosphorus from contaminated water
Authors:   , Nargis Farzana
Published: September 2021

Modification of natural clays may be a useful approach to produce an effective and low-cost adsorbent to control phosphorous, which is a key factor in controlling the eutrophication of surface waters. In this study, natural clay samples were collected, characterized, modified with ZrCl4, and then their adsorption capacity for removing phosphorus from contaminated water was studied. XRD analysis showed that the natural clay consists of kaolinite, illite, and nontronite as dominant clay mineral phases. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified clay increased from 0.493 to 11.83 mg P/g compared to the unmodified clay. The adsorption process was fast for both natural and modified samples, achieving more than 80% and 90% phosphorus removal with natural and modified samples, respectively in less than 4 hours. The adsorption data for both clays best fit the Langmuir isotherm, and the rate of phosphorus adsorption was found to follow a pseudo-secondorder kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of both adsorbents decreased with increasing pH, and for the modified clay the change was more significant. Full factorial design and response surface methodology were applied to evaluate and optimize the effects of initial P concentration, contact time, pH, and dose. From the model, the maximum P removal efficiency predicted for the synthetic solution was 91.5% and 99.9% by natural and modified clay, respectively. R2(≈0.98) indicates that the observed results fitted well with the model prediction. Similar to the batch studies, the fixed bed column study showed the developed adsorbents are efficient in removing phosphorus from water in a continuous process as well.
Delays in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Republic of Korea in 2020
Authors: Yang Jiyeon , Kwon Yunhyung , Kim Jaetae , Jang Yoojin , Han Jiyeon , Kim Daae , Jeong Hyeran , Park Hyekyung , Shim Eunhye
Published: September 2021

Objectives: We investigated the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) management in the Republic of Korea (ROK).Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study used nationwide ROK TB notification data (98,346 cases) from 2017 to 2020. The median time from the onset of TB symptoms to treatment initiation and the compliance rates with the required timing for notification and individual case investigations were measured and compared across periods and regions affected by the COVID-19 epidemic.Results: TB diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic was delayed. The median time to TB treatment initiation (25 days) in 2020 increased by 3 days compared to that of the previous 3 years (22 days) (p<0.0001). In the outbreak in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi province during August, the time to TB diagnosis was 4 days longer than in the previous 3 years (p=0.0303). In the outbreak in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province from February to March 2020, the compliance rate with the required timing for individual case investigations was 2.2%p points lower than in other areas in 2020 (p=0.0148). For public health centers, the rate was 13%p lower than in other areas (80.3% vs. 93.3%, p=0.0003).Conclusion: TB diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in the ROK were delayed nationwide, especially for patients notified by public-private mix TB control hospitals. TB individual case investigations were delayed in regional COVID-19 outbreak areas (Daegu and Gyeongbuk province), especially in public health centers. Developing strategies to address this issue will be helpful for sustainable TB management during future outbreaks.
Good University Governance: Budgeting Participation and Internal Control
Authors:   Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia, Wardhani Rulyanti Susi , Taufiq Taufiq , Fuadah Luk Luk ,   Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia, Siddik Saadah ,   Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang, Indonesia, Awaluddin Murtiadi ,   UIN Alauddin, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the simultaneous and partial effects of budgeting participation and internal control on good university governance at Bangka Belitung University and State Manufacturing Polytechnic of Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. Data collection used a saturated sampling method of 485 consisting of all employees and lecturers at the two colleges. Estimation models were built based on previous research studies and the Agency Theory. Data analysis techniques used multiple regression analysis along with testing classical assumptions using a Likert scale on primary data. The results of the study showed that budgetary participation and internal control have a positive and significant effect on good university governance both simultaneously and partially, where internal control is the dominant variable influencing good university governance. This illustrates the alignment of findings with the Agency Theory. The implications for the future are that the Bangka Belitung University and the State Manufacturing Polytechnic continue to pay attention to internal control to create a resonance of good university governance towards the internationalization of higher education. In this study only two variables were used that affect good university governance. Other influences also play a role in the improvement including audit committees, organizational culture, and organizational communication climate that can be addressed by future researchers. Keywords: good university governance, budgeting participation, internal control
Determinants of Off-Balance Sheet (OBS) Activities: A Case of Selected Retail Banks in Malaysia
Authors:   Curtin University Malaysia, Olaniyi Oladokun Nafiu , Abdullah Shamsul Kamariah ,   Curtin University Malaysia, Ayadurai Charmele
Published: September 2021

The present paper examines factors influencing the Off-Balance Sheet activities of selected commercial banks in Malaysia for the period 2004- 2014. OBS activities are an integral part of financial institutions in response to the needs of businesses for different types of guarantee that have conflicting implications on the stability of financial institutions. Data collected on selected banks from the Bankscope database was analyzed using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) regression. Specifically, the study built its analysis on three main recognized determining factors namely: (1) liquidity motives, (2) credit risk transfer motive, (3) profitability motives, and (4) capital arbitrage motive. The findings thus suggest that the selected banks mainly used OBS instruments for capital arbitrage purpose, enhancing operational efficiency and managing loan portfolio risks. The findings further suggested that its usage for capital arbitrage purposes may undermine the regulatory measures of accurately estimating and monitoring the risk of banks. The findings thus offer significant practical and policy implications that can help to enhance financial stability. Keywords: off-balance sheet, liquidity, credit risk transfer, profitability, capital arbitrage