bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heavy quark fragmentation function in two-dimensional QCD in $$N_c\rightarrow \infty $$ limit
Authors: Jia Yu , Mo Zhewen , Xiong Xiaonu
Published: December 2023

We carry out a comprehensive study of the quark-to-meson fragmentation function in the ’t Hooft model, i.e., the two-dimensional quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in $$N_c\rightarrow \infty $$

N
c

→
∞

limit, following the operator definition pioneered by Collins and Soper. We apply the Hamiltonian approach as well as the diagrammatic approach to construct the functional form of the quark-to-meson fragmentation function in terms of the meson’s light-cone wave function. For the sake of comparison, we also investigate the heavy quark fragmentation into quarkonium in two-dimensional QCD within the framework of the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization, at the lowest order in quark velocity. In the heavy quark limit, the quark fragmentation function obtained from the ab initio method agrees well, both analytically and numerically, with that obtained from the NRQCD approach. This agreement might be regarded as a nontrivial justification for the validity of both field-theoretical approaches to compute the heavy quark fragmentation function.
DGEKT: A Dual Graph Ensemble Learning Method for Knowledge Tracing
Authors: Cui Chaoran , Yao Yumo , Zhang Chunyun , Ma Hebo , Ma Yuling , Ren Zhaochun , Zhang Chen , Ko James
Published: December 2023

Knowledge tracing aims to trace students’ evolving knowledge states by predicting their future performance on concept-related exercises. Recently, some graph-based models have been developed to incorporate the relationships between exercises to improve knowledge tracing, but only a single type of relationship information is generally explored. In this article, we present a novel Dual Graph Ensemble learning method for Knowledge Tracing (DGEKT), which establishes a dual graph structure of students’ learning interactions to capture the heterogeneous exercise–concept associations and interaction transitions by hypergraph modeling and directed graph modeling, respectively. To combine the dual graph models, we introduce the technique of online knowledge distillation. This choice arises from the observation that, while the knowledge tracing model is designed to predict students’ responses to the exercises related to different concepts, it is optimized merely with respect to the prediction accuracy on a single exercise at each step. With online knowledge distillation, the dual graph models are adaptively combined to form a stronger ensemble teacher model, which provides its predictions on all exercises as extra supervision for better modeling ability. In the experiments, we compare DGEKT against eight knowledge tracing baselines on three benchmark datasets, and the results demonstrate that DGEKT achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Triple Sequence Learning for Cross-domain Recommendation
Authors: Ma Haokai , Xie Ruobing , Meng Lei , Chen Xin , Zhang Xu , Lin Leyu , Zhou Jie
Published: December 2023

Cross-domain recommendation (CDR) aims at leveraging the correlation of users’ behaviors in both the source and target domains to improve the user preference modeling in the target domain. Conventional CDR methods typically explore the dual-relations between the source and target domains’ behaviors. However, this may ignore the informative mixed behaviors that naturally reflect the user’s global preference. To address this issue, we present a novel framework, termed triple sequence learning for cross-domain recommendation (Tri-CDR), which jointly models the source, target, and mixed behavior sequences to highlight the global and target preference and precisely model the triple correlation in CDR. Specifically, Tri-CDR independently models the hidden representations for the triple behavior sequences and proposes a triple cross-domain attention (TCA) method to emphasize the informative knowledge related to both user’s global and target-domain preference. To comprehensively explore the cross-domain correlations, we design a triple contrastive learning (TCL) strategy that simultaneously considers the coarse-grained similarities and fine-grained distinctions among the triple sequences, ensuring the alignment while preserving information diversity in multi-domain. We conduct extensive experiments and analyses on six cross-domain settings. The significant improvements of Tri-CDR with different sequential encoders verify its effectiveness and universality. The source code is available athttps://github.com/hulkima/Tri-CDR.
Translation Dynamics of Single mRNAs in Live Cells
Authors: Morisaki Tatsuya , Wiggan O'Neil , Stasevich Timothy J.
Published: December 2023

The translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins represents the culmination of gene expression. Recent technological advances have revolutionized our ability to investigate this process with unprecedented precision, enabling the study of translation at the single-molecule level in real time within live cells. In this review, we provide an overview of single-mRNA translation reporters. We focus on the core technology, as well as the rapid development of complementary probes, tags, and accessories that enable the visualization and quantification of a wide array of translation dynamics. We then highlight notable studies that have utilized these reporters in model systems to address key biological questions. The high spatiotemporal resolution of these studies is shedding light on previously unseen phenomena, uncovering the full heterogeneity and complexity of translational regulation.
Aldosterone and aldosterone synthase inhibitors in cardiorenal disease
Authors: Verma Subodh , Pandey Avinash , Pandey Arjun K. , Butler Javed , Lee John S. , Teoh Hwee , Mazer C. David , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Cosentino Francesco , Anker Stefan D. , Connelly Kim A. , Bhatt Deepak L.
Published: December 2023

Modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a foundation of therapy for cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Excess aldosterone plays an important role in cardiovascular disease, contributing to inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction in the heart, kidneys, and vasculature through both genomic and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-mediated as well as nongenomic mechanisms. MR antagonists have been a key therapy for attenuating the pathologic effects of aldosterone but are associated with some side effects and may not always adequately attenuate the nongenomic effects of aldosterone. Aldosterone is primarily synthesized by the CYP11B2 aldosterone synthase enzyme, which is very similar in structure to other enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis including CYP11B1, a key enzyme involved in glucocorticoid production. Lack of specificity for CYP11B2, off-target effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and counterproductive increased levels of bioactive steroid intermediates such as 11-deoxycorticosterone have posed challenges in the development of early aldosterone synthase inhibitors such as osilodrostat. In early-phase clinical trials, newer aldosterone synthase inhibitors demonstrated promise in lowering blood pressure in patients with treatment-resistant and uncontrolled hypertension. It is therefore plausible that these agents offer protection in other disease states including heart failure or chronic kidney disease. Further clinical evaluation will be needed to clarify the role of aldosterone synthase inhibitors, a promising class of agents that represent a potentially major therapeutic advance.
Climate Change Impact on the Trigger of Natural Disasters over South-Eastern Himalayas Foothill Region of Myanmar: Extreme Rainfall Analysis
Authors: Oo Kyaw Than , Haishan Chen , Jonah Kazora
Published: December 2023

The study examines the characteristics and variability of monsoon rainfall in Myanmar, focusing on the relationship between heavy rainfall, floods, and earthquakes, which impact agriculture, hydrology, and the environment. Generally, heavy rainfall can cause flooding, economic losses, and water table changes. Northern Myanmar floods occur mainly during the monsoon season from June to October and can be classified into widespread floods along major rivers like Ayeyarwady, Thanlwin, Chindwin, and Sittoung and flash floods in small streams and rivers. Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, including heavy rainfall, which can trigger floods or landslides, which also can in turn cause earthquakes. Heavy rainfall over northern Myanmar and the Sagaing faults, which are the main triggers of earthquakes, has been the subject of several studies. The study uses the Copernicus 5 database of global climate model (GCM) simulations with two scenario analyses on climate change detection and indices (ETCCDI) to study changes in climatic extremes. Results show high intensity in the northern region and monsoon core regions, while the central region shows less intensity. The study also uses intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves to analyze the relationship between rainfall duration, intensity, and return time in major risk zones. The study finds that as short duration lengthens, rainfall intensity increases for future rainfall patterns. This information is expected to be convenient for local authorities and flood protection projects in rural and urban basins.
Performance Augmentation of Base Classifiers Using Adaptive Boosting Framework for Medical Datasets
Authors: Nayab Durr e , Khan Rehan Ullah , Qamar Ali Mustafa
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the performance enhancement of base classifiers within the AdaBoost framework applied to medical datasets. Adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), being an instance of boosting, combines other classifiers to enhance their performance. We conducted a comprehensive experiment to assess the efficacy of twelve base classifiers with the AdaBoost framework, namely, Bayes network, decision stump, ZeroR, decision tree, Naïve Bayes, J-48, voted perceptron, random forest, bagging, random tree, stacking, and AdaBoost itself. The experiments are carried out on five datasets from the medical domain based on various types of cancers, i.e., global cancer map (GCM), lymphoma-I, lymphoma-II, leukaemia, and embryonal tumours. The evaluation focuses on the accuracy, precision, and efficiency of the base classifiers in the AdaBoost framework. The results show that the performance of Naïve Bayes, Bayes network, and voted perceptron is highly improved compared to the rest of the base classifiers, attaining accuracies as high as 94.74%, 97.78%, and 97.78%, respectively. The results also show that in most cases, the base classifiers perform better with AdaBoost compared to their performance, i.e., for voted perceptron, the accuracy is improved up to 13.34%.For bagging, it is improved by up to 7%. This research aims to identify such base classifiers with optimal boosting capabilities within the AdaBoost framework for medical datasets. The significance of these results is that they provide insight into the performance of the base classifiers when used in the boosting framework to enhance the classification performance of classifiers in scenarios where individual classifiers do not perform up to the mark.
Figure S4 from The EZH2–PHACTR2–AS1–Ribosome Axis induces Genomic Instability and Promotes Growth and Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Chu Wenhui , Zhang Xi , Qi Lihua , Fu Yenan , Wang Peng , Zhao Wei , Du Juan , Zhang Jing , Zhan Jun , Wang Yunling , Zhu Wei-Guo , Yu Yu , Zhang Hongquan
Published: December 2023

Figure S4 shows taht PHACTR2-AS1 depletion induced genome instability
Supplementary Tables from Induction of ADAM10 by Radiation Therapy Drives Fibrosis, Resistance, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchyal Transition in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Mueller Adam C. , Piper Miles , Goodspeed Andrew , Bhuvane Shiv , Williams Jason S. , Bhatia Shilpa , Phan Andy V. , Van Court Benjamin , Zolman Kathryn L. , Peña Brisa , Oweida Ayman J. , Zakem Sara , Meguid Cheryl , Knitz Michael W. , Darragh Laurel , Bickett Thomas E. , Gadwa Jacob , Mestroni Luisa , Taylor Matthew R.G. , Jordan Kimberly R. , Dempsey Peter , Lucia M. Scott , McCarter Martin D. , Chiaro Marco Del , Messersmith Wells A. , Schulick Richard D. , Goodman Karyn A. , Gough Michael J. , Greene Casey S. , Costello James C. , Neto Antonio Galveo , Lagares David , Hansen Kirk C. , Van Bokhoven Adrie , Karam Sana D.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Tables 1-3.
Fig S1-6, Table S1 from Genetic Dissociation of Glycolysis and the TCA Cycle Affects Neither Normal nor Neoplastic Proliferation
Authors: Jackson Laura E. , Kulkarni Sucheta , Wang Huabo , Lu Jie , Dolezal James M. , Bharathi Sivakama S. , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Patel Mulchand S. , Deshpande Rahul , Alencastro Frances , Wendell Stacy G. , Goetzman Eric S. , Duncan Andrew W. , Prochownik Edward V.
Published: December 2023

Fig S1. Standard curves for determination of transplant hepatocyte populations; Fig S2. BNGE of electron transport chain complexes; Fig S3. Steady state levels of TCA intermediates via mass spectroscopy; Fig S4 and S5. Steady state levels of glycolytic intermediates via mass spectroscopy; Fig S6. Steady state levels of amino acids via mass spectroscopy; Table S1. Antibody information.
Data from Integrated Metabolic Profiling and Transcriptional Analysis Reveals Therapeutic Modalities for Targeting Rapidly Proliferating Breast Cancers
Authors: Liao Chengheng , Glodowski Cherise Ryan , Fan Cheng , Liu Juan , Mott Kevin R. , Kaushik Akash , Vu Hieu , Locasale Jason W. , McBrayer Samuel K. , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Perou Charles M. , Zhang Qing
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation is a prominent feature in breast cancer, but it remains poorly characterized in patient tumors. In this study, untargeted metabolomics analysis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and patient with estrogen receptor (ER)–positive breast cancer samples, as well as TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDX), revealed two major metabolic groups independent of breast cancer histologic subtypes: a “Nucleotide/Carbohydrate-Enriched” group and a “Lipid/Fatty Acid-Enriched” group. Cell lines grown in vivo more faithfully recapitulated the metabolic profiles of patient tumors compared with those grown in vitro. Integrated metabolic and gene expression analyses identified genes that strongly correlate with metabolic dysregulation and predict patient prognosis. As a proof of principle, targeting Nucleotide/Carbohydrate-Enriched TNBC cell lines or PDX xenografts with a pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitor or a glutaminase inhibitor led to therapeutic efficacy. In multiple in vivo models of TNBC, treatment with the pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitor conferred better therapeutic outcomes than chemotherapeutic agents. This study provides a metabolic stratification of breast tumor samples that can guide the selection of effective therapeutic strategies targeting breast cancer subsets. In addition, we have developed a public, interactive data visualization portal (http://brcametab.org) based on the data generated from this study to facilitate future research.
Significance:
A multiomics strategy that integrates metabolic and gene expression profiling in patient tumor samples and animal models identifies effective pharmacologic approaches to target rapidly proliferating breast tumor subtypes.
Data from RETRACTED: PHGDH Expression Is Required for Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis, Breast Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance, and Lung Metastasis
Authors: Samanta Debangshu , Park Youngrok , Andrabi Shaida A. , Shelton Laura M. , Gilkes Daniele M. , Semenza Gregg L.
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Intratumoral hypoxia stimulates enrichment of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC), which are critical for metastasis and patient mortality. Here we report a metabolic adaptation that is required for hypoxia-induced BCSC enrichment and metastasis. Hypoxia-inducible factors coordinately regulate expression of genes encoding phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) and five downstream enzymes in the serine synthesis pathway and mitochondrial one-carbon (folate) cycle. RNAi-mediated silencing of PHGDH expression in both estrogen receptor–positive and negative breast cancer cells led to decreased NADPH levels, disturbed mitochondrial redox homeostasis, and increased apoptosis, which abrogated BCSC enrichment under hypoxic conditions. PHGDH-deficient cells exhibited increased oxidant levels and apoptosis, as well as loss of BCSC enrichment, in response to treatment with carboplatin or doxorubicin. PHGDH-deficient cells were relatively weakly tumorigenic and tumors that did form were deficient in BCSCs, abolishing metastatic capacity. Our findings highlight a role for PHGDH in the formation of secondary (recurrent or metastatic) tumors, with potential implications for therapeutic targeting of advanced cancers. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4430–42. ©2016 AACR.
Cytomorphological Assessment in Aspirates of Ductal Carcinoma in situ: Correlations with Histopathologic Grade, Architectural Pattern, and Invasion
Authors: Li Joshua J.X. , Chow Maria B.C.Y. , Ng Joanna K.M. , Tsang Julia Y. , Tse Gary M.
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the breast is an effective and widely adopted diagnostic technique. Histopathologic grading of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has prognostic significance. In this current study, FNAB of DCIS was reviewed to identify parameters that predict grading, histopathologic architecture, and presence of invasion in DCIS. Methods: Aspirates from histopathology-proven cases of DCIS were retrieved and reviewed for cytomorphologic parameters including cellularity, composition, epithelial fragment architecture cellular/nuclear features. Results: In total 104 aspirates were reviewed. Cytopathologic cellular features – large nuclear size (p = 0.005), prominent nucleoli (p = 0.011), increased nuclear membrane irregularity (p = 0.043), high variation in nuclear size (p = 0.025), and presence of apoptotic figures in epithelial structures (p < 0.001); and background debris (p = 0.033) correlated with a high-grade diagnosis. Cytoplasmic vacuolation (p = 0.034) was seen exclusively in non-high-grade aspirates. Epithelial fragment architecture did not correlate with grading. A predominance (≥50%) of solid aggregates and papillary fragments on FNAB correlated with histopathologically solid (p = 0.039, p = 0.005) and papillary (p = 0.029, < p = 0.001) patterns. No parameter showed correlation with invasion. Conclusion: FNAB is effective in predicting DCIS grading. Epithelial fragment architecture assessment is limited to papillary or solid types, and FNAB cannot predict focal invasion in DCIS.
Proposta didática de mediação de leitura: categoria marxista conteúdo e forma
Authors: Batista Patrícia Cardoso , Netzel Rosangela Maria de Almeida , Franco Sandra Aparecida Pires
Published: December 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta didática para a mediação da leitura. Para isso, trabalharemos com a categoria marxista conteúdo e forma, com foco em duas manifestações artísticas, a canção Asa Branca, composta por Luiz Gonzaga e Humberto Teixeira, bem como o livro de imagem O Voo da Asa Branca, de Rogério Soud. Em vista disso, fundamentamo-nos na teoria do Materialismo Histórico e Dialético. Com isso, esperamos que a proposta contribua para a leitura e a ampliação da visão de mundo do público infantojuvenil.
Fragilidade: o deslocamento social por meio de narrativas estabilizadas
Authors: Wentz Fabiana , Volmer Lovani , Martins Rosemari Lorenz
Published: December 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o conto Fragilidade, de Jane Tutikian, a fim de compreender de que forma as narrativas estabilizadas nesse texto contribuem para o deslocamento social das personagens. Com base nas teorias de autores como Bachelar, Bhabha, Cassirer, Said, Pesavento, Moresco e Ribeiro, e Espig, este estudo propõe uma relação entre memória, identidade e imaginário e o passado revelado na narrativa da protagonista.
Panoramas e políticas públicas de leitura no Brasil: avanços e retrocessos no século XXI
Authors: Santos Betty Bastos Lopes , Gonçalves Luciana Sacramento Moreno
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo promove uma reflexão sobre as iniciativas de fomento à leitura, formação de programas e Políticas Públicas voltadas para o livro, a leitura, a literatura e as bibliotecas nas últimas décadas, destacando os avanças e retrocessos ocorridos ao longo dos anos. No ensejo, discute-se as tentativas de desmonte das políticas de leitura investidas na gestão governamental vigente entre 2019 e 2022.
Literaturas africanas de língua portuguesa na sala de aula: as especificidades do texto literário a partir de Uma escuridão bonita, de Ondjaki
Authors: Ribeiro Gustavo Mello
Published: December 2023

Pretende-se, com este artigo, propor uma reflexão crítica e metodológica sobre o ensino de literaturas africanas de língua portuguesa a partir de Uma escuridão bonita, do escritor angolano Ondjaki (2015). Abordaremos estratégias para sua análise em sala de aula, discutindo o papel da arte literária na formação humana. Para isso, tomamos como embasamento teórico principal autores como Antonio Candido (1995), Jaime Ginzburg (2012), Edmir Perrotti (1999), Mia Couto (2009) e Laura Padilha (2007).
Identidades étnico-raciais em perspectiva subjetiva
Authors: Martin Vima Lia de Rossi
Published: December 2023

O artigo apresenta fragmentos de cartas escritas por estudantes no contexto da disciplina Estudos Comparados de Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa II do curso de graduação em Letras (FFLCH-USP). Os trechos selecionados permitem observar como alunas e alunos se autorrepresentaram do ponto de vista étnico-racial e relataram experiências de sofrimento subjetivo. Também é possível constatar como as leituras e discussões realizadas em sala de aula reverberaram positivamente no sentido de favorecer processos de elaboração, reflexões antirracistas e desejo de engajamento social.
Percepção de enfermeiros e enfermeiras sobre o machismo na enfermagem
Authors: Silva Pamella Semiramys Silvestre , Nascimento Mirian Rayle de Oliveira , Almeida Maria Violeta dos Santos , Rodrigues Patrícia Maria da Silva
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção dos(as) docentes de uma instituição de ensino superior, que atuam na assistência de enfermagem sobre o machismo no seu ambiente de trabalho. Diante disso a questão norteadora desta pesquisa foi: Qual a percepção dos(as) docentes sobre o machismo no seu ambiente de trabalho? Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com profissionais da enfermagem, docentes de uma faculdade particular da capital de Alagoas. Os dados foram primários, coletados através de um formulário eletrônico, elaborado pelas pesquisadoras, para análise qualitativa das informações foi adotada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Pesquisa aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética com nº de parecer: 4.719.368 Resultados: Foram participantes do estudo 16 docentes do curso de enfermagem, que referiram em sua maioria já ter sofrido ou presenciado situações machistas durante a assistência. Conclusão: A partir dessa pesquisa observou-se que ainda existe machismo na assistência, por parte de profissionais e pacientes. Parte dos docentes participantes deste estudo alegaram já ter sofrido ou presenciados situações de sexismo e todos acordaram em relação a interferência na eficácia da assistência. Sendo necessárias ações de conscientização destes profissionais e do público em geral, abrangendo também os pacientes.
Prática do exercício físico no comprometimento cognitivo e intercorrências neuromusculares na atenção ao idoso: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Machado Jean  Marlon , Santos Keyla Mara dos , Bueno João Carlos Alves , Oliveira Carolina Machado de , Fernandes Sany , Nascimento Iramar Baptistella do
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: investigar a influência do exercício físico no comportamento cognitivo dos idosos e os programas de exercícios de maior impacto na resposta motora e adaptações neuromusculares. Método: desenvolveu-se uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, LILACS, SPORTDiscus e Embase. Utilizou-se o PRISMA 2020 e análise de risco de viés através da escala Cochrane handbook para revisões sistemáticas de intervenções (Versão 5.1.0). Domínios da tabela 8.5.d Resultados: 21 estudos foram incluídos para análise qualitativa. A prática regular de exercício físico desencadeia uma série de adaptações neuromusculares positivas em pessoasidosas. Essas adaptações estão relacionadas ao aumento da massa, força e potência muscular, favorecendo a capacidade cognitiva e motora. A mudança no estilo de vida do idoso apontou impacto significativo, e 30% do processo de envelhecimento é considerado natural e causado por fatores sensoriais, mentais, físicos e perda do autocontrole. No entanto, 70% dependem impreterivelmente do estilo de vida individual. Conclusão: O presente estudo sugereum programa composto por exercícios combinados de força, resistência e aeróbicos. Tais exercícios promovem o aumento dos fatores neurotróficos, vascular e de crescimento, além de promover melhorias cognitivas, de humor e qualidade de vida ao envelhecer. Para tanto, a implementação de um programa de exercícios que envolva a pliometria e um treinamento resistido com intensidades mais altas (igual ou superior a 60% de 1-RM) e um volumeadequado e progressivo (igual ou superior a 3 sessões de 30-40 minutos por semana), parece ser promissor aos melhores desfechos cognitivos e psicomotores na terceira idade.
Avaliação da qualidade de vida de praticantes de um programa de condicionamento extremo
Authors: Ribeiro Neto Antônio , Pires Kamila Araújo , Rocha Danilo Santos , Magalhães Lucimara Ferreira , Walsh Isabel Aparecida Porcatti de , Bertoncello Dernival
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as associações entre a qualidade de vida com características sociodemográficas, motivação, frequência e tempo de prática em praticantes de um programa de condicionamento extremo. Métodos: Pesquisa de caráter observacional, do tipo descritivo-exploratória, sendo a amostra por conveniênciacomposta por praticantes de Crossfit®. Os praticantes responderam um questionário de dados demográficos e, para avaliar a qualidade de vida, utilizou-se o instrumento validade WHOQOL-bref. Resultados: Dos 260 praticantes avaliados, 59,61% foram do sexo feminino. As maiores médias dos escores da qualidade de vida foram para o domíniofísico, (79,8 ± 11,76), domínio social (74,1 ± 15,59), domínio psicológico (73,2 ± 13,67) e domínio ambiente (70,7 ± 12,14). O tempo de prática mostrou correlações positivas com todos os domínios qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Os praticantes apresentam bons resultados para a QV, sendo os maiores escores no domínio físico, seguido pelo domínio social, domínio psicológico e por último domínio ambiente. Maior tempo de prática indicou correlação com maiores médias em todos os domínios da QV.
Estudo integrado de aerogeofísica e geologia estrutural aplicado ao mapeamento geológico do entorno da Serra do Jatobá, Terreno Alto Pajeú, Província Borborema
Authors: Paixão Mariana Sousa da , Santos Lauro Cézar Montefalco de Lira , Araújo Neto José Ferreira de
Published: December 2023

Este estudo integrou dados de satélite (ASTER GDEM), imagens aerogeofísicas (gamaespectrometria e magnetometria), mapas geológicos da bibliografia e investigação de campo com o objetivo de refinar o conhecimento geológico acerca da região da Serra do Jatobá, Terreno Alto Pajeú da Província Borborema. Esse terreno é de particular interesse para o estudo dessa província neoproterozoica, pois é constituído por rochas desenvolvidas no intervalo de 1000 a 920 Ma, relacionado ao evento Cariris Velhos. Foram mapeadas seis unidades geológicas, as quais apresentaram contrastes geofísicos, sobretudo no mapa de composição ternária (RGB), assim como rochas ortoderivadas, que afloram de forma local (Complexo Cabrobó); paraderivadas, formadas por xistos; calcissilicáticas e quartzitos (complexos Lagoa das Contendas e São Caetano); metagranitos (suítes Recanto-Riacho do Forno e Serra do Jatobá); e granitos brasilianos (Itaporanga e Triunfo). Essas unidades apresentam disposições principais NW-SE e E-W em resposta ao desenvolvimento de estruturas transcorrentes denominadas zonas de cisalhamento Quixabeira, Margarida e Moça, que obliteram estruturas prévias desenvolvidas por tectônica de empurrão, como transporte tectônico para SSE (i.e., zonas de cisalhamento Cacimba e Jatobá). A orientação regional dessas estruturas é facilmente observada no mapa magnetométrico da primeira derivada DZ, coincidente com o arcabouço regional. Esse conjunto é cortado por fraturas e falhas de direção NW-SE e E-W, que marcam a transição rúptil-dúctil na região.
Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Our Current Failures and Required Research
Authors: Gurol M. Edip , Wright Clinton B. , Janis Scott , Smith Eric E. , Gokcal Elif , Reddy Vivek Y. , Merino José G. , Hsu Jonathan C.
Published: December 2023

Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is a common rhythm disorder of middle-aged to older adults that can cause ischemic strokes and systemic embolism. Lifelong use of oral anticoagulants reduces the risk of these ischemic events but increases the risk of major and clinically relevant hemorrhages. These medications also require strict compliance for efficacy, and they have nontrivial failure rates in higher-risk patients. Left atrial appendage closure is a nonpharmacological method to prevent ischemic strokes in atrial fibrillation without the need for lifelong anticoagulant use, but this procedure has the potential for complications and residual embolic events. This workshop of the Roundtable of Academia and Industry for Stroke Prevention discussed future research needed to further decrease the ischemic and hemorrhagic risks among patients with atrial fibrillation. A direct thrombin inhibitor, factor Xa inhibitors, and left atrial appendage closure are FDA-approved approaches whereas factor XIa inhibitors are currently being studied in phase 3 randomized controlled trials for stroke prevention. The benefits, risks, and shortcomings of these treatments and future research required in different high-risk patient populations are reviewed in this consensus statement.
Emergency Medical Services Compliance With Prehospital Stroke Quality Metrics Is Associated With Faster Stroke Evaluation and Treatment
Authors: Oostema J. Adam , Nickles Adrienne , Allen Justin , Ibrahim Ghada , Luo Zhehui , Reeves Mathew J.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

Emergency medical services (EMS) is an important link in the stroke chain of recovery. Various prehospital quality metrics have been proposed for prehospital stroke care, but their individual impact is uncertain. We sought to measure associations between EMS quality metrics and downstream stroke care.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective analysis of a cohort of EMS-transported stroke patients assembled through a linkage between Michigan’s EMS and stroke registries. We used multivariable regression to quantify the independent associations between EMS quality metric compliance (dispatch within 90 seconds of 911 call, prehospital stroke screen documentation [Prehospital stroke scale], glucose check, last known well time, maintenance of scene times ≤15 minutes, hospital prenotification, and intravenous line placement) and shorter door-to-CT times (door-to-CT ≤25), accounting for EMS recognition, age, sex, race, stroke subtype, severity, and duration of symptoms. We then developed a simple EMS quality score based on metrics associated with early CT and examined its associations with hospital stroke evaluation times, treatment, and patient outcomes.

RESULTS:

Five thousand seven hundred seven EMS-transported stroke cases were linked to prehospital records from January 2018 through June 2019. In multivariable analysis, prehospital stroke scale documentation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.4 [1.2–1.6]), glucose check (1.3 [1.1–1.6]), on-scene time ≤15 minutes (1.6 [1.4–1.9]), hospital prenotification ([2.0 [1.4–2.9]), and intravenous line placement (1.8 [1.5–2.1]) were independently associated with a door-to-CT ≤25 minutes. A 5-point quality score (1 point for each element) was therefore developed. In multivariable analysis, a 1-point higher EMS quality score was associated with a shorter time from EMS contact to CT (−9.2 [−10.6 to −7.8] minutes;
P
<0.001) and thrombolysis (−4.3 [−6.4 to −2.2] minutes;
P
<0.001), and higher odds of discharge to home (adjusted odds ratio, 1.1 [1.0–1.2];
P
=0.002).

CONCLUSIONS:

Five EMS actions recommended by national guidelines were associated with rapid CT imaging. A simple quality score derived from these measures was also associated with faster stroke evaluation, greater odds of reperfusion treatment, and discharge to home.
Omega-3 Blood Levels and Stroke Risk: A Pooled and Harmonized Analysis of 183 291 Participants From 29 Prospective Studies
Authors: O’Keefe James H. , Tintle Nathan L. , Harris William S. , O’Keefe Evan L. , Sala-Vila Aleix , Attia John , Garg G. Manohar , Hure Alexis , Bork Christian Sørensen , Schmidt Erik Berg , Venø Stine Krogh , Chien Kuo-Liong , Chen Yun-Yu (Amelia) , Egert Sarah , Feldreich Tobias Rudholm , Ärnlöv Johan , Lind Lars , Forouhi Nita G. , Geleijnse Johanna M. , Pertiwi Kamalita , Imamura Fumiaki , de Mello Laaksonen Vanessa , Uusitupa W. Matti , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Laakso Markku , Lankinen Maria Anneli , Laurin Danielle , Carmichael Pierre-Hugues , Lindsay Joan , Leander Karin , Laguzzi Federica , Swenson Brenton R. , Longstreth William T. , Manson JoAnn E. , Mora Samia , Cook Nancy R. , Marklund Matti , Melo van Lent Debora , Murphy Rachel , Gudnason Vilmundur , Ninomiya Toshihara , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Qian Frank , Sun Qi , Hu Frank , Ardisson Korat Andres V. , Risérus Ulf , Lázaro Iolanda , Samieri Cecilia , Le Goff Mélanie , Helmer Catherine , Steur Marinka , Voortman Trudy , Ikram M. Kamran , Tanaka Toshiko , Das Jayanta K. , Ferrucci Luigi , Bandinelli Stefania , Tsai Michael , Guan Weihua , Garg Parveen , Verschuren W.M. Monique , Boer Jolanda M.A. , Biokstra Anneke , Virtanen Jyrki , Wagner Michael , Westra Jason , Albuisson Luc , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Siscovick David S. , Lemaitre Rozenn N. , Mozaffarian Dariush
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

The effect of marine omega-3 PUFAs on risk of stroke remains unclear.

METHODS:

We investigated the associations between circulating and tissue omega-3 PUFA levels and incident stroke (total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic) in 29 international prospective cohorts. Each site conducted a de novo individual-level analysis using a prespecified analytical protocol with defined exposures, covariates, analytical methods, and outcomes; the harmonized data from the studies were then centrally pooled. Multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs across omega-3 PUFA quintiles were computed for each stroke outcome.

RESULTS:

Among 183 291 study participants, there were 10 561 total strokes, 8220 ischemic strokes, and 1142 hemorrhagic strokes recorded over a median of 14.3 years follow-up. For eicosapentaenoic acid, comparing quintile 5 (Q5, highest) with quintile 1 (Q1, lowest), total stroke incidence was 17% lower (HR, 0.83 [CI, 0.76–0.91];
P
<0.0001), and ischemic stroke was 18% lower (HR, 0.82 [CI, 0.74–0.91];
P
<0.0001). For docosahexaenoic acid, comparing Q5 with Q1, there was a 12% lower incidence of total stroke (HR, 0.88 [CI, 0.81–0.96];
P
=0.0001) and a 14% lower incidence of ischemic stroke (HR, 0.86 [CI, 0.78–0.95];
P
=0.0001). Neither eicosapentaenoic acid nor docosahexaenoic acid was associated with a risk for hemorrhagic stroke. These associations were not modified by either baseline history of AF or prevalent CVD.

CONCLUSIONS:

Higher omega-3 PUFA levels are associated with lower risks of total and ischemic stroke but have no association with hemorrhagic stroke.
Pharmacists’ Medication Counseling Practices and Knowledge and Satisfaction of Patients With an Outpatient Hospital Pharmacy Service
Authors: Tadesse Yabibal Berie , Sendekie Ashenafi Kibret , Mekonnen Biset Asrade , Denberu Fentaw Girmaw , Kassaw Abebe Tarekegn
Published: December 2023

The degree of communication between patients and pharmacists has a significant impact on the process of medication counseling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pharmacists’ practices of medication counseling and to assess patients’ knowledge of medications and satisfaction with pharmacy services at Woldia Comprehensive Specialised Hospital (WCSH). A cross-sectional study involving 23 pharmacists and 339 patients was carried out between February and May 2022 at WCSH. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to assess the medication counseling activities of pharmacists, whereas interview-based questionnaires were used to evaluate patients’ knowledge of the drugs prescribed to them and their level of satisfaction with outpatient hospital pharmacy services. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0 was used to analyze the data. Around two-thirds of pharmacy professionals (73.9%) agreed that they were satisfied with their counseling activities. But a very low number of them always provided counseling regarding the purpose of medications (13%), major drug-drug interactions (26.1%), possible side effects (30.4%), the importance of compliance (30.4%), storage conditions (34.8%), and drug-food interactions (39.1%). Among the 339 patients involved in the study, less than half (46.3%) of them had sufficient knowledge of their dispensed medication at the exit interview. Only nearly half of the patients (54.3%) agreed that they were satisfied with the pharmacy service. Despite the fact that a significant proportion of the pharmacy professionals agreed that they were satisfied with their counseling practices, their level of involvement in major counseling activities was limited, which impacted the knowledge of patients about their medication and patients’ satisfaction with pharmacy services. This might be because of potential barriers in terms of workload and lack of resources. The findings may indicate that pharmacy services need to improve through identifying potential gaps and tackling barriers.
Ritual narratives of infrastructure ceremonies: Time, demands, and relations in modern Chinese history
Authors: Ke Xiaojun , Li Shiyue
Published: December 2023

In recent years, attention has been drawn to infrastructure groundbreaking ceremonies and their ritual and political effects. However, infrastructure ceremonies in China, the world’s largest builder and supplier of infrastructure and the ‘nation of rites’, are somehow overlooked. Using insights from infrastructure and ritual studies, and leveraging narratives from Chinese official media, this study aims to explore how infrastructure rituals shape the sociopolitical significance of infrastructure as technical artefact. Through the Chinese case, we find that three elements of infrastructure ritual narratives (time, demands, and relations) are focused, restructured, and amplified. These elements are then interwoven into broader sociopolitical narratives spanning various eras of modern Chinese history. Our aim is to provide a perspective for a deeper understanding of the sociopolitical production of infrastructure meanings through the case of Chinese ceremonies.
Practicing Impact and Impacting Practice? Creating Impact Through Practice-Based Scholarship
Authors: Hamdali Yanis , Skade Lorenzo , Jarzabkowski Paula , Nicolini Davide , Reinecke Juliane , Vaara Eero , Zietsma Charlene
Published: December 2023

This curated debate provides a discussion on impact and its relation to practice-based scholarship, i.e., scholarship grounded in the social theories of practice. Five experienced senior scholars reflect on conceptualizations of impact, how it can be created and disseminated, and on the role of practice-based scholarship in this process. The authors discuss the role of researchers as members of the academic system, their activities related to generating, developing, and challenging new theory, and their reflexive relation to the research context when explaining their research to stakeholders to create knowledge and thus, for impacting practice. To suggest ways of practicing impact, their contributions also conceptualize impactful theory and reflect on the relationship between the production and usage of knowledge. These insights are an important contribution to the debate on scholarly impact and provide critical guidance for impactful scholarly work beyond conventional concepts.
‘I’m not the same person now’: The psychological implications of online contact risk experiences for adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Clements Fiona A , Chadwick Darren D , Orchard Lisa J
Published: December 2023

Understanding online risk for adults with intellectual disabilities is important to improve digital inclusion in society. Perceptions of online risk can determine behaviours that obstruct or facilitate Internet access and use. This current study aimed to qualitatively investigate the psychological implications of online victimisation risks, including online negative comments and/or messages for adults with intellectual disabilities, as a novel area yet explored in-depth. Semi-structured interview data was collected remotely. Template analysis found there to be both negative and positive psychological implications experienced in response to online risks. Specifically, participants reported a wide range of negative emotions but also positive growth in the form of learning from the experience and increased confidence. The attribution of blame process in cybervictimisation can involve both blaming the perpetrator but also internalised victim-blaming which may be a consequence of the type of online risk (i.e. sexual risks). Implications for both practice and research are suggested.
Commentary: Nanoparticle-Based Chemotherapy Delivery and Potential Health Risks: Prospects for Effective Clinical Translation
Authors: Assefa Desta , Melaku Tsegaye , Alemu Sintayehu
Published: December 2023

With recent advancements, chemotherapy is one of the most prevalent regimens for cancer treatment. However, the heterogeneity of tumor biology and healthy cell-damaging potential of chemotherapy remain challenges. As a solution, nanoparticle-based delivery is advancing. Besides its promising potential, effective clinical translation and commercialization of nanoparticle-based chemotherapy should get attention to ensure the absence of potential health risks. Specifically, the permeability potential of nanoparticles across biological barriers can lead to drug accumulation in vital organs and produce harm. Therefore, for effective design and clinical application of next-generation nanomedicine, pharmaceutical formulation scientists should conduct intensive studies. They involve studying the properties of drug-loaded nanoparticles in the microenvironment of the target site and the impact of interspecies differences using quantitative and mechanistic studies. It creates a comprehensive understanding of the specific properties of nanoparticles and their interaction potential with biological systems. This commentary justifies the requirement for comprehensive knowledge of the above-mentioned criteria and tests for the success of nanomedicine for chemotherapy delivery.
“Your Diet Defines Who You Are, Especially as a Man”: Masculinity in Online Media Focused on Healthy Eating for Men
Authors: Jelicich Ruby , Braun Virginia
Published: December 2023

In contexts marked by neoliberal ideology and a claimed “crisis” in men’s health, men are responsibilized to be/come healthy. Eating has long been a gendered practice in Western cultures, and recent cultural shifts have produced ways of eating that are both masculinized and (claimed) healthy. Online healthy eating advice, which encourages and supports men to eat healthily, is an important information source. However, such information draws on, reproduces, and/or disrupts existing meanings about men and eating. To understand contemporary representations of men and healthy eating, we examined 30 online media articles oriented specifically to this topic. Using reflexive thematic analysis from a social constructionist position, we developed two themes: A lad’s looks and lifestyle and Mind over matter: The masculine mindset. These themes together told an overarching story that healthy eating is effectively sold to men by drawing on traditional or hegemonic ideals of masculinity and effectively evoking access to an enhanced masculinity through healthy eating. While these representational practices may sell healthy eating to men, with likely positive health benefits, they also reinforce hegemonic ideals of masculinity which can be problematic from a health perspective.
Interest and barriers to research in obstetric haematology – findings from a national survey in the United Kingdom
Authors: Roberts Lara N , Bryan Michael , Daru Jahnavi , Hunt Beverley J , Kazi Sajida , Lester Will , Myers Bethan , Pavord Sue , Thomas Mari , Tower Clare , Swallow Gillian
Published: December 2023

Introduction

In 2021, the steering committee members of British Society of Haematology Obstetric Haematology Special Interest Group noted difficulties in opening research studies. This led to the development of a survey to further evaluate this issue.

Method

An electronic survey was distributed to all members of the British Society of Haematology Obstetric Haematology Special Interest Group and to relevant specialty leads of the National Institute for Health and Care Research Clinical Research Network for further dissemination within these networks.

Results

Responses were received from 65 participants (73% consultant grade); mainly haematologists (52%) or obstetricians (39%). Less than a third of participants reported dedicated time for research in their job plan, with only five participants reporting no challenges in opening research studies in obstetric haematology.

Discussion

The survey confirmed significant interest in obstetric haematology research, with barriers to participation. We propose further actions to facilitate increased research.
A Scoping Review of Pediatric Healthcare Built Environment Experiences and Preferences Among Children With Disabilities and Their Families
Authors: Yu Clarissa , Wong Emi , Gignac Juliana , Walker Meaghan , Ross Timothy
Published: December 2023

Background:

Some children with disabilities (CWD) frequently visit pediatric healthcare settings for appointments. Their age, disability, and regular visits mean that they have unique experiences in healthcare settings. While previous research has explored the clinical experiences of CWD, little is known about their experiences of pediatric healthcare built environments, even though these environments may play an important role in shaping their perceptions of care. Given the significant time that some CWD and chronic illnesses (e.g., cancer) spend in healthcare environments and the impact that these settings can have on their experiences, the knowledge gap concerning how they view, and experience healthcare built environments demands attention.

Objective:

To explore how CWD and their families experience pediatric healthcare built environments.

Methods:

A scoping review was conducted by searching five health science and interdisciplinary literature databases using terms related to children, disability, healthcare, and built environment. The search identified 5,397 records that were screened independently by three reviewers.

Results:

Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria and were considered in the final review. Findings indicate that CWD and their families value healthcare built environment features that support social engagement, patient privacy, and parental presence. Further, the age of a child was highlighted as an important factor that influences the built environment preferences of CWD.

Conclusions:

CWD and their families prefer certain healthcare built environment features to optimize their experiences in these settings. Healthcare designers can leverage these findings to advance more inclusive pediatric healthcare spaces to improve care and the quality of life for CWD and their families.