bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods based on a semi-empirical model for simulating scroll compressors with HFC and HFO refrigerants
Authors: Meramveliotakis George , Kosmadakis George , Karellas Sotirios
Published: July 2022

The aim of this work is to evaluate three methodologies regarding semi-empirical scroll compressor modeling for different refrigerants and conduct a comparative analysis of their results and accuracy. The first step is to improve a semi-empirical model for scroll compressors based on established techniques, and further enhance the physical background of some of its sub-processes leading to more accurate predictions. Focus is then given on the compressor operation when changing the refrigerant, proposing three methods in total. The first method refers to the standard model, requiring an optimization process for the calibration of all the model parameters. The second method relies on a reference refrigerant, and also uses optimization procedures, but for the fine-tuning of a small subset of the parameters. The third method is more generalized, without the need of any optimization process for the parameters identification, when fluid change occurs, leading to a very fast approach. Το evaluate the accuracy and verify the applicability of each method also related to the necessary computational time, two scroll compressors each with three different refrigerants are considered (HFCs and HFOs and their blends). The model is evaluated with the available manufacturer data, using R134a as reference refrigerant. The results show that the first method predicts the key indicators with a very high accuracy, with the maximum discrepancy of 2.06%, 4.17% and 3.18 K for the mass flow rate, electric power and discharge temperature respectively. The accuracy of the other two methods is dropping, but within acceptable levels in most of the cases. Therefore, in cases that reduced accuracy can be accepted, the third method is preferred for compressor performance prediction when changing the refrigerant, which provides results at a small fraction of time compared with the other two methods, once the parameters are calibrated for a reference case.
Evolving requirements for materials modelling software and underlying method developments: an inventory and future outlook
Authors: Todorov Ilian
Published: July 2022

This European Materials Modelling Council (EMMC) study provides an outline of the survey intent and ambitions, followed by an analysis of the results and a follow up discussion, focused on the future perspectives of the EMMC. The survey covers materials modelling and characterisation communities in both academia and industry. It provides a profile of the surveyed players in these communities and a scaled measure on their usage of computational methodologies. The survey outcomes include: (i) summary views of the recent as well as perceived future trends of materials modelling and its associated fields, with respect to two focus areas surveyed, Model Development and Software, (ii) the main adoption factors and associated bottlenecks for computational methods and software, (iii) the most targeted materials properties and digital twins approaches, and (iv) the wider communities expectations of how EMMC can help facilitate, fulfil and drive further the European Materials Modelling Roadmap to the benefit of the European Commission’s (ECs’) research and innovation.
Modelling Multiperiod Carbon Markets Using Singular Forward-Backward SDEs
Authors: Chassagneux Jean-François , Chotai Hinesh , Crisan Dan
Published: July 2022

We introduce a model for the evolution of emissions and the price of emissions allowances in a carbon market, such as the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The model accounts for multiple trading periods, or phases, with multiple times at which compliance can occur. At the end of each trading period, the participating firms must surrender allowances for their emissions made during that period, and additional allowances can be used for compliance in the following periods. We show that the multiperiod allowance pricing problem is well-posed for various mechanisms (such as banking, borrowing, and withdrawal of allowances) linking the trading periods. The results are based on the analysis of a forward-backward stochastic differential equation with coupled forward and backward components, a discontinuous terminal condition, and a forward component that is degenerate. We also introduce an infinite-period model for a carbon market with a sequence of compliance times and with no end date. We show that, under appropriate conditions, the value function for the multiperiod pricing problem converges, as the number of periods increases, to a value function for this infinite-period model and that such functions are unique. Finally, we present a numerical example that demonstrates empirically the convergence of the multiperiod pricing problem.

Funding: The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and Climate-KIC funded all parts of H. Chotai’s PhD programme in the centre for doctoral training and provided many opportunities for travel to conferences and events during the programme. D. Crisan received financial support from École Polytechnique and Université Paris Diderot through visitor grants.
Early Journal Articles and Editors That Shaped the Evolution of Scholarly Writing in Academic Advising, 1972-2001
Authors: Miller Marsha A. , Miller Douglas N.
Published: July 2022

This article provides a historical perspective on the development of scholarly writing in academic advising beginning in 1972 with some of the first journal articles solely devoted to advising and continuing through the initial 20 years of the NACADA Journal—the premier advising publication venue during the period. An important part of the evolution of advising's scholarly writing was the vision and perspective of each NACADA Journal editor. Each brought a distinct set of academic experiences to the job, each defined scholarship, and especially research, differently. Early (1972–2001) scholarly articles and the editors who published them shaped academic advising's literature base. This article analyzes the contributions made by these early articles and editors.
Implementing the care aims approach in children's services: a quality improvement pilot study
Authors: Griffiths Stephanie , Large Philippa , Lewis Teresa , Smiriglia Angharad , Thomas Chantal , Thomas Karen , Waters-Foster Sally , Watkins Lynne , Willard Sian , Williams Sharon
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims

Care aims is a population-based, person-centred approach which provides a strategy encompassing the management of a service, informing the population, empowering the workforce around the service user and supporting the person and their family to manage their own lives wherever possible. This pilot study implemented the care aims framework into children's services using quality improvement methods.

Methods

An audit of baseline data identified the referral process as an area for improvement in the service. Quality improvement techniques were used to design and test small cycles of change.

Results

The results of the audit showed up to 25% of ‘requests for help’ received from various referrers were not appropriate for several reasons, including old forms and incomplete information. Five tests of change were implemented, which had a mixed impact.

Conclusions

This pilot study can help other multidisciplinary teams who are implementing the care aims approach and looking to improve their referral processes in order to improve access to care.
The experience of non-clinical research staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: key learning points
Authors: Gosling Amy , Manley Alice , Radovanovic Charlotte , Willams Rowena
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has created and exacerbated many challenges and difficulties, but research departments across the UK were able to adapt and delivery research at an unparalleled rate. This article discusses the work of a large research department and the role that non-clinical staff played in coordinating a considerable research response to the pandemic. The outputs of the team during this time will be discussed, as well as discussion of how individuals adapted and how change management can be used to identify key recommendations and learning points. These learning points should be considered in any future crisis situations when managing non-clinical healthcare teams, both in research and the wider NHS.
Virtual cancer multidisciplinary team meetings: outcomes of a two-phased survey from a tertiary NHS hospital
Authors: Gupta Madhumita , Maamoun Wareth
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim

Multidisciplinary team meetings have been an integral part of comprehensive cancer services in the UK for over 20 years. The COVID-19 pandemic led to the adoption of virtual platforms to allow these meetings to continue with minimal in-person contact. This study assessed multidisciplinary team members’ perspectives regarding the efficacy of the virtual platform, with the view of continuing this mode of delivery in the post-pandemic world.

Methods

A two-phased survey study was conducted among all members of the cancer multidisciplinary team in one UK hospital. Respondents completed a four-part questionnaire 6 months (n=108) and 1 year (n=120) after the implementation of the virtual platform in March 2020 to determine their perceptions of its effectiveness and safety.

Results

There was a statistically significant (P<0.05) improvement between the 6-month and 1-year survey responses in terms of overall satisfaction with the virtual platform, ease of use and efficiency of collective decision making using the virtual format. After 1 year, 80.5% of respondents preferred either continuing to use the virtual platform exclusively or switching to a hybrid model.

Conclusions

Staff experiences of using a virtual platform for cancer multidisciplinary team meetings may improve over time, with many respondents preferring this mode of delivery. Virtual meetings can provide greater flexibility and allow wider participation, potentially including specialists from across the globe.
Managing malnutrition in the community setting
Authors: Taylor Natalie
Published: July 2022

Registered dietitian Natalie Taylor discusses the burden of malnutrition on patients and healthcare services, outlining strategies to improve nutrition in the community setting.
Bad habits die hard
Authors: Waters Rebecca
Published: July 2022

Rebecca Waters discusses the difficulty in changing behaviours.
Ethical and legal concepts: legal aspects of a duty of care
Authors: Ellis Peter , Ellis Hannah
Published: July 2022

In this article, Peter Ellis and Hannah Ellis will examine the issues relating to the duties that arise from the rights of others, and the legal basis for the duty of care will be reviewed
Personal reflections of the contribution of research nurses and nurse researchers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Anderson Nicola , White Sinead , Waterfall Holly , Nagalingam Karen
Published: July 2022

Nicola Anderson, Chair of the Association of Nephrology Nurses' Nursing Research in Kidney Care Special Interest Group, shares the experiences of renal research nurses and nurse researchers during the COVID-19 pandemic
UK Kidney Week 2021: virtual conference returns with a diverse programme
Authors: Sheerin Neil , Suckling Rebecca , Sewell Caitlin
Published: July 2022

Professor Neil Sheerin and Dr Rebecca Suckling, on behalf of the UK Kidney Week Programmes Committee, delve into the details of this year's UK Kidney Week
Supervision, part four: group supervision
Authors: Ellis Peter , Abbott Jane
Published: July 2022

Peter Ellis and Jane Abbott explore the use of group supervision, as well as how it compares and contrasts to one-to-one supervision
Adjustment and wellbeing among people with end-stage chronic kidney disease receiving in-centre haemodialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Elander James , Kapadi Romaana , Danton Ian , Louth Charlotte , Selby Nicholas M , Taal Maarten W , Stalker Carol , Mitchell Kathryn
Published: July 2022

Background:

Many people with end-stage chronic kidney disease continued attending clinical centres for dialysis despite the risk of contracting COVID-19 and developing severe disease.

Aims:

To assess the impact of COVID-19 on patients' adjustment and wellbeing.

Methods:

Some 40 people (18 female, 22 male) receiving in-centre haemodialysis reported COVID-19-related adverse impacts on treatment and rated their COVID-19-related concerns, then completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and four scales of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form.

Findings:

The most common adverse impacts were staff shortages/changes and impaired interaction with staff/patients. Of the sample, 32.4% were severely depressed, 14.7% severely anxious and 18.9% severely stressed. Participants who had tested positive for COVID-19 were more depressed and reported more adverse impacts. Older and married/cohabiting participants had better adjustment and wellbeing.

Conclusions:

The results help to identify patients with the greatest needs and suggest ways to maintain patient wellbeing during outbreaks of infectious disease.
Ethical and legal concepts: confidentiality
Authors: Ellis Peter , Ellis Hannah
Published: July 2022

Peter Ellis and Hannah Ellis explore how confidentiality can be breached in a kidney care setting
Association of Nephrology Nurses mentoring programme
Authors: Brand Sarah
Published: July 2022

Sarah Brand outlines the new mentorship programme for registered nurses working in renal care
When time does not heal all wounds—the use of medical grade honey in wound healing: a case series
Authors: Naik Piyu Parth , Chrysostomou Daniela , Cinteza Mirela , Pokorná Andrea , Cremers Niels AJ
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Hard-to-heal wounds can be caused by persistent infections or an excess of inflammatory cytokines, proteases and oxidants, and can severely impact the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Due to the paucity of effective treatments and increased resistance to antibiotics, new and improved therapies are required to resolve infections and to simultaneously enhance the healing trajectory. Medical grade honey (MGH) may be a novel and effective treatment approach.

Methods:

In this case series, we have described six cases of hard-to-heal wounds, and discussed the effects of MGH on infection, wound healing and factors influencing patient QoL (pain, odour and exudate). In all cases, the wounds had persisted for a long period, and previous treatments had been ineffective. Most of the patients had comorbidities, and the majority of the wounds were contaminated with (multiresistant) bacteria, both of which contributed to non-healing. All wounds were treated with L-Mesitran (MGH-based wound care products, Triticum Exploitatie BV, the Netherlands) either as monotherapy or as a complementary therapy.

Results:

Hard-to-heal wounds started healing, infection was controlled and QoL was strongly improved (malodour, exudate levels and pain swiftly decreased) after the application of the MGH. All wounds healed relatively quickly, considering the severity of the wounds and general health of the patients.

Conclusion:

In this study, MGH was a useful alternative or complementary therapy to antibiotics and expedited the healing of hard-to-heal wounds.
Integra Dermal Regeneration Template in reconstructive surgery for cutaneous tumours: a two-year retrospective review
Authors: Prezzavento Gustavo E , Calvi Rodrigo N Juarez , Rodriguez Juan A , Taupin Philippe
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Integra Dermal Regeneration Template (IDRT) (Integra LifeSciences, US) is a bioengineered dermal matrix that has been widely used in burn reconstruction since its first description. However, little is reported on its use in oncologic dermatological defects. Our objective was to evaluate reconstruction using IDRT on cutaneous tumour defects.

Method:

We conducted a two-year retrospective review of patients with skin tumours who had an excision surgery, followed by reconstruction with IDRT, as a mid-step towards a final autograft procedure: a split-thickness skin graft. The records of all patients at a single academic institution were queried from the electronic medical record using data obtained from the operating surgeon.

Results:

We identified 13 patients with different tumour types and locations. The mean defect size was 105.92cm². The matrix take rate was 92.3% and average postoperative day for definite autograft was 20 days. Patients were followed for a period of up to 12 months. Of the patients, one had exposed bone without periosteum; another patient showed recurrence six months after matrix placement, requiring a new second two-stage IDRT-autograft procedure before radiation therapy. Patients reported complete satisfaction with the cosmetic, functional and oncological results. No cases of infection were encountered.

Conclusion:

IDRT is a valid option for the reconstruction of oncologic surgical defects of the skin and can be used in different anatomical locations. Specifically, it is an alternative to the reconstructive ladder when grafts and local flaps are not possible in those patients, and an option for patients who will eventually need adjuvant radiotherapy.
Levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor expression in acute wounds
Authors: Lai Jengyu , Basford Jeffrey R , Pittelkow Mark R
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Even with our best practices, we are frequently unable to prevent slow and stalled wound healing—particularly in people with impaired circulation and conditions such as diabetes. As a result, greater insight into the nature of wound healing and alternative treatment approaches is needed. An avenue that may be of particular promise is increasing understanding of the role of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) as there is evidence that it enhances wound healing, its expression increases in response to inflammation and infection, and it exhibits anti-protease, anti-inflammatory, antiviral antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Method:

The response of SLPI levels to wounding and skin injury was assessed by taking punch skin biopsies from healthy volunteers and assessing the levels of SLPI at the site of injury at the time of wounding (baseline) as well as one, two, three, four, seven, nine and 12 weeks later.

Results:

A total of 35 volunteers took part in the study. Significant elevations were found: levels of SLPI were greatly increased, 12 times that at baseline, and remained elevated at three weeks despite re-epithelialisation having occurred.

Conclusion:

These findings not only suggest that levels of SLPI rise rapidly following wounding, but that these elevations are sustained, and continue to increase even when re-epithelialisation has occurred. These results suggest that the role and potential benefits of this protease inhibitor deserve further exploration.
Non-medical prescribing considerations in emergency mental health services
Authors: Douglas Kathryn , MacVicar Sonya
Published: July 2022

The emergency mental health practitioner's job involves providing immediate care to patients who are suffering a mental health crisis. Independent nurse prescribing supports this service through timely access to pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures or cognitive behavioural strategies. This case study involves a service user diagnosed with bipolar type II disorder who presents with suicidal ideation, and outlines the prescribing options available for short-term crises and long-term risk management. There is a complex balance of appraising physical and mental health including capacity, assessment of risk of self-harm and harm to others, and working in consultation to optimise adherence and concordance. The authors highlight the importance of using a person-centred approach, which includes family, carers and their wider support network, to develop a therapeutic relationship which promotes positive outcomes. This is further supported by utilising the most recent and up-to-date policy, guidelines and legislation, including local and national policies.
Study of Ultimate Tensile Strength and Wear Rate of Squeeze Cast Al-Si-Cu Alloy with DOM and TOPSIS Approaches
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, CMS College of Engineering Technology, Coimbatore, 641 032, Tamil Nadu, India, Chinnachamy Manikandan , Sankaranarayanan Amirthagadeswaran Koduvayur ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, United Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, 641 020, Tamil Nadu, India, Nallusamy Gunasekaran ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jawaharlal College of Engineering and Technology, Palakkad, 679 301, Kerala, India, Krishnan Ravi Kumar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641 407, Tamilnadu, India
Published: July 2022

Aluminium alloys are widely used to produce aerospace and agricultural sector components. Squeeze casting (SQC) is a liquid forging process to enrich the mechanical characteristics of light metal alloy castings. Al-Si-Cu castings were fabricated through SQC process adopting Response Surface Methodology (RSM) following Box-Behnken experimental design. Fifteen castings were fabricated by varying input factors such as squeeze pressure, pouring temperature and dwell time. Optimal process parameter settings were predicted for the responses Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and Wear rate by Desirability Optimization Methodology (DOM) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The details of experiments and analysis are presented. The examination of microstructure and worn-out surface of squeeze castings indicated that the refi ned grain structure due to squeeze pressure application improved UTS and Wear resistance. Confi rmatory tests were conducted for settings suggested by DOM and TOPSIS. The setting suggested by DOM resulted in greater improvement. The value of UTS and wear rate predicted with DOM were verifi ed through confi rmatory tests and the measured values are in agreement with predicted values. An optimal improvement of 99.3% and 53.75% were achieved on ultimate tensile strength and wear resistance respectively in comparison with gravity die-cast components.
A Comprehensive Review of Experimental Animal Models of Hepatopathy.
Authors: Gupta Ramesh Kumar , Chaudhary Sachin , El-Shorbagi Abdel-Nasser , Sara Udaivir Singh , Shukla Prashant , Swain Sudhansu Ranjan , Sahoo Jagannath , P. N. Murthy P. N. Murthy
Published: July 2022

At this moment, liver dysfunction is a major source of destruction, and its widespreadity is accentuated in the developed republics. The liver is an imperative organ of the body and is involved in metabolism and regulation. The large number of medications, toxins, and plant-derived products has been claimed to cause liver dysfunction, which is potentially life intimidating to humans. Currently, there is a shortfall in encouraging treatment for treating patients with liver dysfunction due to the nonexistence of empathy for gesturing offenders serviceable in the pathogenesis of liver toxicity. Hepatic dysfunction is manifested by hepatic karyopyknotic, eosinophilic or acidophilic cell plasm, followed by excessive steatosis, liver injury, and oxidative degradation of lipids that cause centrilobular necrosis in hepatocytes. Different signaling mechanism, like activation of Kupffer cells, NK cells, inflammatory mediators, and ROS are associated with the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction. A good empathy of chief mechanisms is prerequisite for the scheming of novel curative medications. Consequently, animal models are being developed to impressionist hepatic ailments. From the several decades, researchers are using distinctive animal models for discovering and understanding pathogenesis of hepatic ailments and associated abusiveness. This current review has been framed to discuss numerous new and traditional experimental models for hepatotoxicity studies. Numerous animal models have been evolved to evaluate the pathogenesis and develop drugs for hepatotoxicity. Experimental modes of hepatotoxicity are influential for invention of novel molecular signaling trails for the improvement of human health.
Marine Antineoplastic Templates: Clinical trials (I-III) and Motifs Carried via Antibodies to Target Specific Cancerous Tissues
Authors: El-Shorbagi Abdel-Nasser , Chaudhary Sachin , Chaudhary Anurag , Agarwal Garima , Tripathi Prabhash Nath , Dumoga Shweta , Aljarad Alaa Ali , Mahmoud Fatma , Omer Esraa , Gupta Ramesh Kumar , Mohamed Mahmoud Hamed
Published: July 2022

Aquatic environment is one of the important sources of active agents that own diverse biological properties. Metabolites from these sources are considered as alternate source to meet the mandate for effective medicines. Despite notable developments in cancer managing and/or treatment in the past years, there remains a vital requirement for innovative agents and/or innovating approaches to treat resistant and solid tumours. However, in the recent era there are new technological innovations in the elucidation of the structures, the semi-synthetic and synthetic approaches of the new antineoplastic compounds. Biological assays enable isolation and clinical evaluation of numerous scaffolds from the marine environment. This review gives a general summary of some anti-cancer agents with a brief description of their mechanisms of action. It sheds a view to the approved drugs, the potent scaffolds that newly modulated as antibody-drug conjugates, and the drug-candidates under clinical phases (I-III) with their status.
Mutation Analysis of the SRY Gene in a Patient with Turner Syndrome
Authors: Shahid Mohammad
Published: July 2022

Testis-determining factor (TDF) is an alternative term for the sex-determining region (SRY) gene found on the Y chromosome. SRY gene mutations can cause a wide range of sex development issues. The single-exon SRY gene is a short and intronless sex-determining gene with a DNA-binding high mobility group (HMG) box that is highly conserved. We performed cytogenetic analysis on one patient with Turner syndrome having a 45,X/46,XY chromosomal composition. Further, we used polymerase chain reaction, single-stranded conformational polymorphism, and automated DNA sequencing to detect a substitution of C→A (missense mutation) at codon 139, which led to an amino acid shift from Proline to Glutamine (P139Q) outside but downstream of the HMG box in the SRY gene. No further alterations in the SRY gene were discovered in the patient. The absence of one X chromosome in 88% of the patient’s cells might have resulted in a wide variety of phenotypic complications.
Nutrition Indicators, Dyslipidemia and Arterial Pressure in the Pediatric Population Located in Low and High Marginalisation Zones in Mexico
Authors: González-Cortés Carlos Adrián , Batres Marisol Vidal- , García Celia Aradillas- , Vargas-Morales Juan Manuel , Portales-Pérez Diana Patricia , Cossío-Torres Patricia Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

Aim of the study. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate nutritional indicators, lipidic profile, and blood pressure in the pediatric population that live in low and high marginalisation zones in Mexico. Methods. In a cross-sectional analytical study, students 6 to 18 years old in low and high marginalisation areas of Mexico were selected. Participants were asked to take surveys related to anthropometrics, biochemical, arterial pressure, and evaluation of healthy nutrition index. Results. Less than 1% of the participants had a “healthy nutrition” for both areas. The joint prevalence of overweight and obesity was 40%. The combined prevalence of elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure was almost 40%, a huge percentage of systolic blood pressure (32%) was observed as well. Half of the population had high levels of triglycerides. Marginalisation was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and positively associated with HDL-C. The population has a low consumption of fruits and vegetables together with high consumption of beverages containing sugar and sweets. It is evident in all the indicators that a significant percentage of subjects exceed the clinical cut-off values related to risk regardless of marginalisation level. Conclusions. It is necessary to insist on educational intervention to create a conscience in observing healthy nutrition at an early age and to preserve these healthy habits during adolescence. The inclusión of the measurement of clinical indicators like arterial pressure and the evaluation of biochemical indicators that assess cardiovascular risks in the public policies of pediatric health is necessary.
Cention N Compared to Other Contemporary Tooth-Colored Restorative Materials in Terms of Fluoride Ion Releasing Efficacy: Validation of a Novel Caries-Prevention-Initiative by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia
Authors: Singbal Kiran , Wei Shan Michelle Kuah , Dutta Sulagna , Kacharaju Kranthi Raja
Published: July 2022

Background: The Dental Public Health Services of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia have introduced Cention N as a primary restorative material in the health care centers all over the country. Thus, in this scenario, a comprehensive evaluation of Cention N as compared to other restorative materials, in terms of fluoride release, assumes to be of utmost relevance. Fluoride release plays a pivotal role in the prevention of secondary dental caries, and dental restorations facilitate direct fluoride delivery to the susceptible tooth surface. Aim: To evaluate and compare the fluoride releasing property of Cention N with other restorative materials, EQUIA Forte, Beautifil II and Estelite Quick. Methods and Material: A total of 20 disk-shaped brass-mold samples (6±0.1mm in diameter and 2±0.1mm thickness) for the dental restorative materials were prepared, with five samples for each of Cention N, EQUIA Forte, Beautifil II and Estelite Quick. Following the immersion of samples in deionizing water, the released fluoride ions were measured over 28 days using ion chromatography. Data were obtained at day 1, 7 and 28 post-immersion. Statistical analysis: Data obtained from this investigation was analyzed using the MedCalc statistical software (v. 19.05). Kolmogorov-Smirnove test followed by Repeated Measures ANOVA and ‘Comparison of multiple method’ was applied to statistically compare the fluoride release efficacy of Cention N individually with each of the other three materials. Any difference found was considered significant at P<0.05. Results: Cention N showed significantly higher fluoride release than Beautifil II and Estelite Quick when observed on Day 1, 7 and 28. ‘Comparison of multiple method’ confirmed the results obtained via ANOVA and showed Cention N is a significantly better (P<0.05) material in terms of fluoride release as compared to Beautifil II and Estelite Quick on Day 1, 7 and 28. Conclusions: Cention N displays consistent fluoride release while weighing against other contemporary and more expensive restorative materials.
Attitudes of Community Pharmacists towards Expanding their Prescribing Role: A Cross-sectional study
Authors: Mhailan Aya , Al-Rawashdeh Israa , Kharboush Ibrahim , Shoqirat Noordeen
Published: July 2022

Background: There is a growing international development in community pharmacists’ and authority prescribing role. Objective: The study assess the attitudes of community pharmacists toward expanding their prescribing role and to identify any contributing factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan. A validated self-administered questionnaire addressing participants’ attitudes toward expanding the prescribing role of community pharmacists, the preferred model, barriers and training need was used. Results: In general, 62.3% of community pharmacists exhibited neutral attitudes toward expanding their prescribing role, and 79.4% favored the supplementary prescribing model. The key drivers for expanding prescribing were a better use of community pharmacists’ skills (88.7%) and drug knowledge (79.4%). However, the most perceived barriers were inadequate training in patient assessment and monitoring (75%) and diagnosis of disease (73%). Female respondents had higher mean attitude scores (65.5± 6.79) than males (63.1± 7.89),(p= 0.021, t=2.321). Respondents with a Pharm .D degree had higher mean attitude scores (68.0 ±9.19) than those with a postgraduate degree (66.3±7.59) or those with bachelor of pharmacy (63.6±6.88, p= 0.010, F=4.709). Conclusion: Although overall attitudes of community pharmacists toward prescribing role were neutral, there were some gaps in their knowledge and skills. Community pharmacists, therefore, require further and urgent training in certain areas together with addressing the identified barriers.
Analysis of Behavioural Factors Influencing Investment Decisions: A Literature Review
Authors: Svoboda Jakub
Published: July 2022

Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is a critical analysis of the views of various authors who have linked their research activities to the topic of behavioural finance, behavioural biases, and risk perceptions in financial markets.Methodology/methods: Qualitative data were aggregated through the method of a systematic review with limits set. A total of 23 papers and publications were located and reviewed. In the paper, the author used logical methods of secondary research such as analysis and synthesis, i.e.the division of the object of research into individual elements and, conversely, the monitoring of connections between individual components (Hendl, 2005).Scientific aim: The scientific benefit is a detailed comprehensive overview of biases that can affect investors’ behaviour and risk perception, and a demonstration of risk understanding approaches. The report can serve as a basis for further research and scientific work. Each topic is given the perspective of different authors, which supports the objectivity of the conclusions.Findings: Based on a literature review by multiple authors, the author defined the main behavioural biases. Some of the authors categorise or classify individual biases according to whether they are based on feelings or facts, or according to whether they are heuristics, i.e. mental abbreviations for solving a problem, or cognitive bias, which may be the result of erroneous heuristics. Furthermore, the author found that investor’s demographic characteristics, such as age, marital status or education, have a direct impact on his behaviour. The concept of risk can be understood as a state of ignorance of the decision maker, as a variance of possible outcomes, as a danger of negative deviation or as a danger of wrong decision. The perception of risk can be divided to “Risk capacity” – ability to take a risk, and “Risk appetite” – the amount of risk an investor is willing to take in order to gain a reward.Conclusions: The author conducted research of secondary sources, such as of publications and scientific articles dealing with issues of behavioural finance and risk perception. The connection between major behavioural biases and risk perception, and the connection between socio-demographic characteristics and the level of influence of individual investor behavioural biases have been described. All the factors have been found to affect individual investors’ perceptions of information to the extent that some individuals perceive the same information differently when making decisions based solely on financial disclosure and make different decisions based on that.
Apophyllite waveplates
Authors: Hagen Nathan , Yoshida Kentaro , Shan Yuejin , Otani Yukitoshi
Published: July 2022

We investigate the polarization characteristics of apophyllite crystals in an attempt to evaluate their potential use for achromatic waveplates. Among the 50 plates that we extracted and polished from natural apophyllite crystals, a few show the sought-for characteristic of birefringence that increases linearly with the wavelength. However, we also find that the crystals among our samples exhibit a sectored structure in their polarization properties, as well as an undesirable degree of spatial nonuniformity.
Scalar approximation of Maxwell equations: derivation and accuracy
Authors: Chaumet Patrick C. , Maire Guillaume , Sentenac Anne
Published: July 2022

Replacing Maxwell equations by a scalar wave equation is often used in computational imaging to simulate the light–sample interaction. It significantly reduces the computational burden but provides field maps that are insensitive to the polarization of the incident field, provided the latter is constant throughout the sample. Here, we develop a scalar approximation that accounts for the polarization of the incident field. Comparisons with rigorous simulations show that this approach is more accurate than the classical scalar approximation with similar computational cost.
Flexibility and fragmentation aware routing, core and spectrum allocation for hybrid AoD nodes in SDM-EONs
Authors: Yin Shan , Ding Sicong , Wang Zhenhao , Zhang Wenchao , Huang Shanguo
Published: July 2022

Space division multiplexing elastic optical network (SDM-EON) enables high-capacity transmission, in which the network nodes should provide high switching flexibility while limiting the complexity and costs of nodes. Architecture on demand (AoD) nodes can meet these requirements but the slow configuration time of optical backplane in AoD nodes makes it difficult to serve latency-sensitive requests. In this paper, we propose a hybrid optical backplane based on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) switches to provide fast configuration time for AoD nodes. Moreover, we propose quantitative measures of node switching flexibility in SDM-EONs and of link configuration speed in AoD nodes. Based on the hybrid backplane architecture and the measurement approaches, we propose a flexibility and fragmentation aware routing, spectrum and core allocation algorithm and an AoD synthesis algorithm. Simulation results show that the hybrid AoD nodes with support of spatial lane change can reduce network blocking probability. The AoD based on this hybrid backplane structure can improve the network performance by 32.8% compared to the AoD based on the traditional MEMS. Compared with traditional reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs), the hybrid AoD nodes can control the number of wavelength selective switch (WSS) ports.
200-Hz longitudinal-mode linewidth found in a free-running mode-locked Yb:fiber laser
Authors: Ito Isao , Takahashi Takashi , Fujiwara Kazuki , Ishida Yukiaki , Kobayashi Yohei
Published: July 2022

We surveyed the longitudinal-mode linewidth of five homemade mode-locked Yb:fiber lasers by taking the beat note with a Hz-level narrow-linewidth CW laser. We systematically varied the resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer and found that the linewidth can be as narrow as 200 Hz, which surpassed the records for free-running mode-locked lasers in the literature to our best knowledge. Based on the survey, we propose that making the cavity long and simple is a good working hypothesis for narrowing the linewidth and provide practical techniques to reduce the environmental fluctuations.
Efficient optical reservoir computing for parallel data processing
Authors: Bu Ting , Zhang He , Kumar Santosh , Jin Mingwei , Kumar Prajnesh , Huang Yuping
Published: July 2022

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an optical reservoir computing system in free space, using second-harmonic generation for nonlinear kernel functions and a scattering medium to enhance reservoir nodes interconnection. We test it for one-step and multi-step predication of Mackey–Glass time series with different input-mapping methods on a spatial light modulator. For one-step prediction, we achieve 1.8 × 10−3 normalized mean squared error (NMSE). For the multi-step prediction, we explore two different mapping methods: linear-combination and concatenation, achieving 16-step prediction with NMSE as low as 3.5 × 10−4. Robust and superior for multi-step prediction, our approach and design have potential for parallel data processing tasks such as video prediction, speech translation, and so on.
Continuous wave dual-wavelength Nd:YVO4 laser at 1342 and 1525 nm for generating a 714-nm emission
Authors: Chen Y. F. , Zheng Z. X. , Huang C. Y. , Guo B. C. , Tsou C. H. , Liang H. C.
Published: July 2022

Continuous wave dual-wavelength lasers at 1342 and 1525 nm are developed by using separate Nd:YVO4 and YVO4 crystals to form compactly coupled cavities for fundamental and Raman waves, respectively. The design of the coupled cavity not only reduces the thermal lensing effect in the Nd:YVO4 crystal, but also improves the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) efficiency in the undoped YVO4 crystal. In addition, the Raman crystal is coated to form a highly reflective mirror to minimize cavity losses. By using a plano–concave cavity with a pump power of 40 W, the output powers of the fundamental and Raman waves are 470 mW and 310 mW, respectively. Changed to a concave cavity, the output powers of fundamental and Raman waves are 220 mW and 510 mW, respectively. Basis on the dual-wavelength operation, the maximum output power at 714 nm can reach 2.0 W via the sum frequency generation. A light source at 714 nm can be used for laser spectroscopy of atomic and ionic radium isotopes.
Optically reconfigurable higher-order valley photonic crystals based on enhanced Kerr effect
Authors: Guo Kai , Xue Qingsong , Chen Fujia , Zhou Keya , Liu Shutian , Guo Zhongyi
Published: July 2022

The reconfigurable higher-order topological states are realized in valley photonic crystals with enhanced optical Kerr nonlinearity. The inversion symmetry of the designed valley photonic crystal is broken due to the difference in optical responses between adjacent elements rather than their geometry structures. Therefore, by constructing photonic crystals with distinct topological phases, valley-dependent topological states can be realized, and their reconfigurability is demonstrated based on the Kerr effect. The investigated higher-order topological photonic crystals exhibit great robustness against the structural defects and inferior quality of pump introduced around the corner. Our work provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, platform for studying optical field manipulation and optical devices fabrication in the context of nonlinear higher-order topology.
New Work in der Praxis – Erfahrungen und Beispiele aus Unternehmen
Authors: Kohl Nina , Sperber Anna-Maria , Fehr Wolfang , Rapp Jochen
Published: July 2022

Mobiles Arbeiten oder die Zusammenarbeit in Büroräumen kann nur dann erfolgreich gestaltet werden, wenn diese durch optimale Technologien und die richtige digitale Transformation unterstützt werden. Die digitale Transformation ist dabei nicht nur ein technologischer, sondern vor allem ein kultureller Wandel. Organisationen müssen sich in Zukunft demnach die Frage stellen, welche kulturellen Veränderungen notwendig sind und wie diese durch entsprechende Technologien unterstützt werden können. Wir beobachten in diesem Zusammenhang, dass Unternehmen mit einem ganz unterschiedlichen Ausgangspunkt in die Krise gestartet sind – es gibt die einen Unternehmen, die bereits vor der Pandemie in ihre Digitalstrategie investiert haben, und die anderen Unternehmen, die vor der Pandemie nur wenig für die Digitalisierung ihrer Geschäftsprozesse unternommen haben.

Anhand von Unternehmensbeispielen zeigt dieses Paper die Chancen aber auch Grenzen von Digitalisierung und New Work auf. Das Paper beschreibt zudem, welche aktuellen Veränderungen bei Unternehmen zu beobachten sind.
Sticky Pi is a high-frequency smart trap that enables the study of insect circadian activity under natural conditions
Authors: Geissmann Quentin , Abram Paul K. , Wu Di , Haney Cara H. , Carrillo Juli
Published: July 2022

In the face of severe environmental crises that threaten insect biodiversity, new technologies are imperative to monitor both the identity and ecology of insect species. Traditionally, insect surveys rely on manual collection of traps, which provide abundance data but mask the large intra- and interday variations in insect activity, an important facet of their ecology. Although laboratory studies have shown that circadian processes are central to insects’ biological functions, from feeding to reproduction, we lack the high-frequency monitoring tools to study insect circadian biology in the field. To address these issues, we developed the Sticky Pi, a novel, autonomous, open-source, insect trap that acquires images of sticky cards every 20 minutes. Using custom deep learning algorithms, we automatically and accurately scored where, when, and which insects were captured. First, we validated our device in controlled laboratory conditions with a classic chronobiological model organism,Drosophila melanogaster. Then, we deployed an array of Sticky Pis to the field to characterise the daily activity of an agricultural pest,Drosophila suzukii, and its parasitoid wasps. Finally, we demonstrate the wide scope of our smart trap by describing the sympatric arrangement of insect temporal niches in a community, without targeting particular taxa a priori. Together, the automatic identification and high sampling rate of our tool provide biologists with unique data that impacts research far beyond chronobiology, with applications to biodiversity monitoring and pest control as well as fundamental implications for phenology, behavioural ecology, and ecophysiology. We released the Sticky Pi project as an open community resource onhttps://doc.sticky-pi.com.
How Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) coverage influences out-of-pocket (OOP) payments by vulnerable populations in Indonesia
Authors: Maulana Nirwan , Soewondo Prastuti , Adani Nadhila , Limasalle Paulina , Pattnaik Anooj
Published: July 2022

While Indonesia introduced a national health insurance scheme (JKN) in 2014 and coverage has grown to over 80% of the population, Indonesians still spend significant sums out-of-pocket (OOP) for their healthcare–over 30% of current health expenditure (CHE). This study aims to better understand how JKN is influencing OOP payments, especially among the poor and rural, at the range of health facilities. This study uses data from the National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) in 2018 and 2019, as these surveys started including a question on how much OOP spending a household incurs on health. The results show that households with JKN membership are far less likely than the uninsured to pay OOP for healthcare, and that if they do incur a cost, the magnitude of this cost is much lower among JKN households than uninsured ones. The results also show that JKN households in the two poorest quintiles have a higher probability to not incuranyOOP (37% and 35%, respectively) compared to those in the wealthier quintiles 4 (32%) and 5 (30%). Poorer JKN households living in the eastern part of Indonesia–the less urbanized and developed regions–experienced the most cost-savings, though largely due to supply-side constraints. In fact, JKN members save more at public primary health care facilities vs. private ones (who often do not contract with JKN) and also save significantly more (over 50%) than uninsured households at both public and private hospitals. The study demonstrates the positive influence JKN has on OOP payments, especially among the poor and rural, but also highlights how the scheme needs to better engage with the growing private sector and invest in infrastructure in rural areas to help secure financial protection for its entire population.