bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability Analysis of Competition among Companies: A Guide from Predator Prey Modeling
Authors: Chinebu Titus Ifeanyi , Ugenyi Nnaoma , Ezennorom Edmund Onwubiko
Published: January 2020

This paper studied the behavior of two companies using predator prey model as the basis. As the companies are competing constantly, it affects them because their interaction determines the availability of resources for their growth. Considering growth of these companies, the parameters  which were respectively the carrying capacity and competitive impact of either of the competing companies on each other were included in the model. Equilibrium point and their existence criteria were analyzed to find the threshold that will guarantee the coexistence of both companies or collapse of either of them or both. It was shown that both companies can grow and rise simultaneously, (coexist) by dividing their resources correspondingly or that even the slightest change in their competition coefficient can lead to adverse situation, which may cause complete disappearance of one of the companies or both. We conclude that as long as these companies did not operate beyond their effective carrying capacity and equally maintain their respective competitive advantage, coexistence might be achieved. Some simulations are also given to illustrate our results.
A Sequence of Models of Generalized Second-order Dedekind Theory of Real Numbers with Increasing Powers
Authors: Zakharov Valeriy K. , Rodionov Timofey V.
Published: January 2020

The paper is devoted to construction of some closed inductive sequence of models of the generalized second-order Dedekind theory of real numbers with exponentially increasing powers. These models are not isomorphic whereas all models of the standard second-order Dedekind theory are. The main idea in passing to generalized models is to consider instead of superstructures with the single common set-theoretical equality and the single common set-theoretical belonging superstructures with several generalized equalities and several generalized belongings for rst and second orders. The basic tools for the presented construction are the infraproduct of collection of mathematical systems different from the factorized Los ultraproduct and the corresponding generalized infrafiltration theorem. As its auxiliary corollary we obtain the generalized compactness theorem for the generalized second-order language.
A Clas of A-Stable Runge-Kutta Collocation Methods for the Solution of First Order Ordinary Dierential Equations
Authors: Areo E. A. , Joseph P. A.
Published: January 2020

This paper presented a class of A-stable Runge-Kutta collocation methods with three free parameters for the solution of rst order ordinary dierential equations. Power series was considered as its basis function, adoption of interpolation and collocation of the approximate solution at some selected grid points to give system of equations was also considered. Gaussian Elimination method was used to solve for the unknown parameters and substituted into the approximate solution to give the continuous method. The three cases considered are the Guass, the Lobatto, and the Radau types. Analysis of the methods was made based on order, zero stability, consistence and convergence. The derived schemes were implemented in the Predictor-Corrector mode. Comparison with existing methods showed that the new developed Schemes compete favorably.
Identification of Vietnamese Paphiopedilum Species Using Vegetative Morphology
Authors: Trang Vu Huyen- , Bui My-Huyen , Vu Quoc-Luan , Nguyen Thanh-Diem , Tran Hop , Khuat Huu-Trung , Le Ly
Published: January 2020

Background: Discrimination of Paphiopedilum species using floral morphology has been used effectively and commonly due to distinct features of their reproductive parts. Most classification references also focus on description of flower morphology and structure. Nevertheless species preservation meets great problems when illegal trading plants are mostly at non-flowered or plantlet stages. Molecular approaches have been applied and obtained highly precise results but spent time and could not rate 100% of resolution over the genus. Thus, quickly identification using only vegetative characteristics would be an efficient support for other distinguishing methods and a remarkable contribution to the detection and prevention of Paphiopedilum ilicit sales.

Aims: In this research we aimed to describe in details leaf features of Paphiopedilum species in Vietnam serving for quick and easy discriminating species without flower present or laboratory techniques.

Study Design:  Observed variables based on qualitative features of leaf shape, color, vein feature, thickness, toughness and quantitative features of leaf size were saved and organized using Microsoft Excel 2010.

Place and Duration of Study: Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Agricultural Genetics Institute, between November 2018 and November 2019.

Methodology: We minutely analyzed the leaf morphology of nineteen species and two variants which belongs to Vietnamese Paphiopedilum population in an order manner from parameters that easiest to be realized to the less clearly traits for the most efficient recognition even to the one who is not botanist.

Results: 16 out of 20 species were identified using leaf morphology. This rate was up to 100% when combining morphological and molecular methods without the present of their flowers. An artificial key to genus Paphiopedilum using the vegetative details was first time established.

Conclusion: Leaf morphology can be effectively used as the first step for identifying Paphiopedilum species. Our results provided useful tool in severally or in combination with molecular methods in biodiversity and commercial management of these valuable species.
Comparison of Wheat Production under Different Paddy Residue Management Methods
Authors: Singh Gill Jagjot , Singh Maninder
Published: January 2020

A study was conducted to compare wheat production under two previous paddy crop residue management systems by taking into account wheat growth parameters, yield attributes and economics of both systems. Farm testing of wheat production in two methods of management of paddy residue viz: sowing of wheat with happy seeder in previous paddy crop residue (paddy residue retention) and sowing of wheat with normal drill after burning of previous paddy residue (paddy residue burning: farmer practice) done in Ferozepur and Jalandhar districts on 10 farmers’ fields locations in each district during rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18. Dataset was analyzed using unpaired T test. Both paddy residue retention and paddy residue burning methods resulted in non-significant effect on growth parameters and yield attributes which resulted similar mean grain yields (5.48 t/ha) and (5.35 t/ha), respectively in both districts during two years of study. Paddy residue retention method reduced the cost of wheat cultivation and put a check on air pollution from burning of paddy residue in the field. It saved fertilizers by adding nutrients to the field.
A Kinetic Study of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition by Fractions of Oleo diox Roxb.leaf and Curculigo orchioides Gaertn Rhizome for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Pratap G. K. , Shantaram Manjula
Published: January 2020

Introduction and Aim: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has an important role in the biochemical studies indicating that AChE accelerates the formation of amyloid-β fibril and forms AChE-Aβ complexes in the brain. The medicinal plants of Curculigoorchioides Gaertn., and Oleo diox Roxb.  collected from Western Ghat region of Kodagu, Karnataka, India have many medicinal values such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic,  neuroprotective activity and anti-inflammatory property. Aim of the study was to check whether C. orchioides Gaertn. and Oleo diox Roxb. fractions significantly inhibit acetylcholinesterase in different concentration-dependent manner(1-3 mg/mL).

Results: Plant fraction concentrations resulted in >60%AChE inhibition as compared with the standard Galantamine. The IC50 value was 0.15 mg/mL which was calculated from the equation of the percentage inhibition curve for the test or plant fraction. The Lineweaver-Burk plot indicated that the fraction followed competitive and non-competitive inhibition kinetics. Finally, we conclude that the type of plot exhibited by the C. orchioides Gaertn. and Oleo dioxRoxb. fractions has a possible therapeutic application for improving memory and other cognitive functions.The medicinal plant-based drugs are known to have limitations due to their fewer side effects and problems associated with bioavailability, which necessitates the interest in finding better AChE inhibitors from plant sources.
Assessment of the Nutritional Status and Determinants of Malnutrition among School Going Adolescents in the Rural Field Practice Area of the Medical College, Hassan, Karnataka
Authors: Praveen G. , Subhashini K. J.
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives: Adolescence which is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood is often the neglected phase as the adolescents are often regarded as relatively healthy with the focus being given for children and women. Addressing the nutritional needs of adolescents could be an important step in curbing malnutrition among them. With the rising epidemic of Non-communicable diseases, it is equally important to address both the issues of under-nutrition and over-nutrition. Hence this study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status and associated risk factors of malnutrition among the school going adolescents from 5th to 12th standard in the rural field practice area of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Hassan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the school going adolescents attending the government and private schools of the rural field practice area of the medical college from January 2017 to June 2018. The sample size of 830 was divided between the three areas under rural field practice area as per sample size proportional to population. BMI was measured and WHO reference charts 2007 for BMI was used to categorize the nutritional status of the adolescents.

Results: The prevalence of malnutrition among the school going adolescents was found to be 44.1% of which the prevalence of thinness and severe thinness was 15.8% and 21.3% respectively and that of overweight and obesity was 5.8% and 1.2% respectively. On logistic regression, male gender, government school, lower socio-economic status, deworming status and open-air defecation were identified as significant risk factors for undernutrition and female gender, private school, upper socio-economic status, low levels of physical activity, excess television watching, consuming junk foods, breakfast skipping, inadequate sleeping hours were identified as significant risk factors for over nutrition.

Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition among the school going adolescents was found to be 44.1% in our study. Gender, type of school in which they study, socio-economic status and life style behaviours were found to be significant risk factors for malnutrition. There is a need for health education programmes, regular monitoring and effective policies to promote healthy eating and lifestyle changes among adolescents to curb the burden of malnutrition.
Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Andrographis paniculata (Burn.F.) on Enteric Bacteria Isolated from a Surface Water in Owena, Nigeria
Authors: Ayodele Oladunni , Olalemi Adewale , Ogundare Ayodele
Published: January 2020

This study was aimed at determining the antibacterial activities of Andrographis paniculata on methicillin and vancomycin resistant enteric bacteria isolated from River Owena, Owena, Nigeria. Water samples were collected weekly from River Owena over a period of six weeks (n = 6). The bacteriological evaluation of the water samples was carried out using standard microbiological method.  A. paniculata leaf and stem extracts were prepared using the polar (i.e., methanol) and nonpolar (i.e., n-hexane) solvents. The phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of all the extracts of A. paniculata leaf and stem were investigated using standard methods. Results revealed that methanol extracts from A. paniculata contained the maximum amount of phytochemicals when compared to that of the n- hexane extracts. Salmonella and Shigella were both resistant to vancomycin, while they were only susceptible to methicillin once throughout the sampling week.  The methanol extracts from A. paniculata showed higher antibacterial activity against the targeted bacterial isolates of enteric origin which include E. coli, faecal coliforms, Shigella, Salmonella and intestinal enterococci. The methanol leaf extract of A. paniculata showed the maximum antibacterial activity against E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, intestinal enterococci and faecal coliform with zones of inhibition 29.0 mm, 26.00 mm, 21.3 mm, 21 mm and 19 mm respectively. The methanollic stem extract of A. paniculata showed a maximum antibacterial activity against Salmonella with zone of inhibition of 25 mm while n-hexane stem extract exhibited a maximum zone inhibition of 17.6 mm against Salmonella. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value for all the A. paniculata extracts was at a concentration of 12.5 – 50 ml. The pH of the water ranged from 6.50 to 6.90, temperature ranged from 26 to 31°C. The findings from this study demonstrated that River Owena is highly contaminated with faecal materials and that leaf and stem extracts of A. paniculata may be used as antibacterial agents against methicillin and vancomycin resistant bacteria of enteric origin.
The Effective Way to Prevent Occupational Hazards on Tuberculosis Treatment
Authors: Mbaneme Franklyn Chukwudi N. , Obiano Emmanuel C. , Mbaneme Ebelechukwudi Obianuju
Published: January 2020

Aim: The study aimed to monitor the effective ways to prevent the occupational hazards on tuberculosis (TB) treatment.

Methods: Multi-stage sampling procedure was used for this study.

Results: The findings of this study revealed that knowledge of occupational hazards of treatment and management of TB is not a new idea in Anambra state, however, majority of the respondents have low level knowledge of occupational hazards protection and prevention services available, particularly when it requires an improvement on the existing means of services.

Conclusion: Preventive and control measures to reduce the risk of TB infection and protection of health care workers should be given highest priority in health care planning and development.
Economic Analysis of an Ambulatory Care Service Delivery Model for Hemophilia a Patients; A Cost Minimization Study
Authors: Sadeghi Abolfazl , Davari Majid , Gharibnaseri Zahra , Ravanbod Roya , Eshghi Peyman
Published: January 2020

Aim: This study aimed to perform an economic evaluation of Hemophilia ambulatory service delivery model (HASDM) comparing to the traditional home-episodic treatment model.

Study Design: Tehran university of medical science, department pharmacoeconomics and pharmaceutical administration, between Jun 2016 and September 2018.

Methods: A cost-minimization analysis (CMA) was conducted for evaluating potential savings of HASDM in comparison to the traditional home-episodic treatment model. The main cost of regular episodic service delivery, basic arm, consists of the cost of recombinant factor VIII (FVIII). In the comparator arm, HASDM, the costs of HASDM for 1660 hemophilia A patients (HAPs) in Tehran were calculated. One-way sensitivity analysis was done to investigate the robustness of the results and to investigate the impact of uncertainty in the percentage of mistakes in bleeding sensation.

Results: There were 1660 patients with severe Hemophilia A (PWSHA) in Tehran in 2018. The mean utilization of annual per patient FVIII was 44814 international units (IUs) in Iran. The total annual cost of FVIII concentrate for 1660 hemophilic patients in Tehran was estimated at $ 11,001,816. The cost of running HASDM, personal, and equipment is equal to $ 580,956. The cost of FVIII in HASDM would be $ 4,004,661. Therefore, the total cost of HASDM is estimated at $ 4,585,617. The amount of savings was $ 6,416,199. Sensitivity analysis indicated the robustness of the results up to 94.64% of the variation in the model parameters.

Conclusions: HASDM, compared to episodic model, can save 58.32% of the funding for controlling bleeding in HAPs annually. This can save more than 38 times of HAPs annual cost over their lifetime.
The Evaluation of Concentration of Harmful Chemical Pollutants in Fume Caused by Surgical Cauterization in Hospital Surgery Rooms Related to Pharmacological Aspects
Authors: Abdollahpour Abolfazl , Azizzadeh Maryam , Kermani Ali , Pahlevan Daryoush
Published: January 2020

Background: Harmful chemical pollutants of pharmaceutical origin present in the environmental pollutants especially surgical room may have the same toxic specifications of chemicals from industrial sources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of harmful chemical pollutants in fume caused by surgical cauterization in hospital surgery rooms.

Methods: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional and practical study. The study population consisted of all personnel who are working in hospital surgery rooms. Samples were prepared according to NIOSH standard method. The tool for data collection is Occupational Exposure Limits booklet (OEL).

Sample Size: 30 samples were required according to surgery room conditions. In order to evaluate and measure the concentration of workplace air pollutants and individual exposure to them, the individual sampling method is used compliant with the standard procedures of the NIOSH or OSHA organizations, that according to the type of material and for each material, a particular method is mentioned and has a specific code. In this study, NIOSH Organization Method No. 1501 was used. The data were analyzed based on the data obtained from sampling and comparing them with the allowed limits.

Results: In this study, the organic aromatic hydrocarbons including, Benzene, Ethylbenzene, Toluene and Xylene were investigated and fortunately, in all samples, these pollutants are below the permitted level.

Conclusion: According to the results, the measured concentration of pollutants are less than the allowed limit. It is also recommended that other pollutants be evaluated at any time in order to gain the necessary knowledge of the personnel exposure status.
The Importance of Sustainable Tourism Governance at the Natural Area Pantai Carita
Authors: Sulistyadi Yohanes , Eddyono Fauziah , Entas Derinta
Published: January 2020

Aims: The purpose of this report is to show how important the formation of Destination Management Organization (DMO) for overlapping document legal policy in the management of the use of Banten Jungle Park. Regional government regulations in an area of Jungle Park is the territorial government and with the ministry of forestry, the forest management authority is under authority of Ministry of Forestry. The problem is with the local governments were not providing space for conservation and a limitation on tourism activity in the Jungle Park, while the Ministry of Forestry regulation, conservation is the main purpose of forest management in which there is special restrictions to be done in the use of the forest as conservation tourism. By the existance of Spatial Planning Forum, all stakeholders have interest and objectives together so the Forest conservation efforts could be done well as together.

Presentation of Case: Based on legislative regulation prevailing the management of Banten Forest park, it is given to the ministry of forestry and provincial government, as well as the district government. From the aspect of tourism sustainable development, the situation of overlapping legislative regulations could be obstacles in the practice of sustainable tourism in the Banten Forest park because the two agencies have a different interest in forest utilization.

Discussion: In various destinations, DMO is not just change the place to be tourist destination, describing tourism policy which is less integrated to become integrated and coordination between various stakeholders. At the moment, DMO have adjusted the tasks and activities in marketing aspects destination because of increased competition and a market changing. DMO stakeholders need an active role in defining fundamental strategy and management business networks but it takes an independent strategy collaborated toward a share goal, cooperation, and having synergy between all stakeholders who are in destinations.

Conclusion: The whole legislation roles made in order to increase of public economic should be placed within the framework of the sustainable development goals insightful environment.
Mis‐annotations of a promising antibiotic target in high‐priority gram‐negative pathogens
Authors: Impey Rachael E. , Lee Mihwa , Hawkins Daniel A. , Sutton J. Mark , Panjikar Santosh , Perugini Matthew A. , Soares da Costa Tatiana P.
Published: January 2020

The rise of antibiotic resistance combined with the lack of new products entering the market has led to bacterial infections becoming one of the biggest threats to global health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel antibiotic targets, such as dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS), an enzyme involved in the production of essential metabolites in cell wall and protein synthesis. Here, we utilised a 7‐residue sequence motif to identify mis‐annotation of multiple DHDPS genes in the high‐priority Gram‐negative bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We subsequently confirmed these mis‐annotations using a combination of enzyme kinetics and X‐ray crystallography. Thus, this study highlights the need to ensure genes encoding promising drug targets, like DHDPS, are annotated correctly, especially for clinically important pathogens.

PDB ID

6UE0.
Highly Efficient and Water‐Stable Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots Using Superhydrophobic Aerogel Inorganic Matrix for White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Zongtao , Song Cunjiang , Li Jiasheng , Liang Guanwei , Rao Longshi , Yu Shudong , Ding Xinrui , Tang Yong , Yu Binhai , Ou Jianzhen , Lemmer Uli , Gomard Guillaume
Published: January 2020

At present, most of lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) embedded in an enclosed organic polymer or glass matrix can achieve high water stability, yet this limits their subsequent integration with light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and other functional materials. Herein, a postadsorption process using superhydrophobic aerogel inorganic matrix (S‐AIM) with open structures is presented to enhance water stability of PQDs and compose new functions to them such as magnetism. The CsPbBr3 PQDs integrated with the S‐AIM (AeroPQDs) exhibit a high relative photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY, 75.6%) of 90.9% compared to pristine PQDs (PLQY, 83.2%). They preserve their initial PL intensity after 11 days of soaking in water and achieve a high relative PLQY stability (50.5%) after soaking for 3.5 months. The hydrophobic (rough) surface of the matrix, its pores with a well‐matched mean diameter that promotes the homogeneous integration of PQDs and hinders the penetration of water as well as the oleophylic functional groups covering the surface of these pores are the three factors responsible for the high water stability. Finally, AeroPQDs are easily integrated with other functional nanomaterials, such as Fe3O4 nanoparticles for magnetic manipulation, due to their open structure.
Freeform Microfluidic Networks Encapsulated in Laser‐Printed 3D Macroscale Glass Objects
Authors: Lin Zijie , Xu Jian , Song Yunpeng , Li Xiaolong , Wang Peng , Chu Wei , Wang Zhenhua , Cheng Ya
Published: January 2020

Large‐scale microfluidic microsystems with complex 3D configurations are highly in demand by both fundamental research and industrial application, holding the potentials for fostering a wide range of innovative applications such as organ‐on‐a‐chip as well as continuous‐flow manufacturing. However, freeform fabrication of such systems remains challenging for current fabrication techniques in terms of fabrication resolution, flexibility, and achievable footprint size. Herein, ultrashort pulse laser microfabrication of freeform microfluidic circuits with high aspect ratios embedded in 3D printed glass macroscale objects is reported. Centimeter‐length microchannels with uniform diameters are achieved by distributing a string of extra‐access ports along the channels for avoiding the overetching. After the chemical etching, the extra‐access ports are sealed using carbon dioxide laser–induced localized glass melting. A model hand of 3D laser–printed fused silica with a size of ≈3 cm × 2.7 cm × 1.1 cm in which the whole blood vessel system is encapsulated is demonstrated.
Li2O:Li–Mn–O Disordered Rock‐Salt Nanocomposites as Cathode Prelithiation Additives for High‐Energy Density Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Diaz‐Lopez Maria , Chater Philip A. , Bordet Pierre , Freire Melanie , Jordy Christian , Lebedev Oleg I. , Pralong Valerie
Published: January 2020

The irreversible loss of lithium from the cathode material during the first cycles of rechargeable Li‐ion batteries notably reduces the overall cell capacity. Here, a new family of sacrificial cathode additives based on Li2O:Li2/3Mn1/3O5/6 composites synthesized by mechanochemical alloying is reported. These nanocomposites display record (but irreversible) capacities within the Li–Mn–O systems studied, of up to 1157 mAh g−1, which represents an increase of over 300% of the originally reported capacity in Li2/3Mn1/3O5/6 disordered rock salts. Such a high irreversible capacity is achieved by the reaction between Li2O and Li2/3Mn1/3O5/6 during the first charge, where electrochemically active Li2O acts as a Li+ donor. A 13% increase of the LiFePO4 and LiCoO2 first charge gravimetric capacities is demonstrated by the addition of only 2 wt% of the nanosized composite in the cathode mixture. This result shows the great potential of these newly discovered sacrificial additives to counteract initial losses of Li+ ions and improve battery performance.
Assessment of winter wheat water‐saving potential in the groundwater overexploitation district of the North China Plain
Authors: Jiang Yulin , Wang Xiaohui , Ti Jinsong , Lu Zhou , Yin Xiaogang , Chu Qingquan , Lei Yongdeng , Chen Fu
Published: January 2020

Water resources are the largest limiting factors for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the North China Plain (NCP). Irrigation used in wheat production has caused a reduction in the groundwater table and aggravated regional water scarcity. In this research, we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes in winter wheat cropping area and water balance during the winter wheat growing season in the groundwater overexploitation district (GOD) from 1985 to 2015. Focusing on typical districts, we set different optimized cropping scenes and estimated water‐saving potential based on current national policy (fallow planting area and reduce irrigation events). The winter wheat area increased in the GOD during the past 30 yr, especially in deep overexploitation area (DOA). There was a slight decrease in shallow overexploitation area (SOA) but a slight increase in the mixed area (MA). The winter wheat area was more concentrated in DOA during the past 30 yr. Lower precipitation, higher crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and higher evapotranspiration of applied water (ETaw) occurred in the GOD than in other areas in the NCP. We set optimized planting scenes that fallow 10% cultivated area in DOA and 5% in MA while reducing one irrigation event in the whole area. Results showed that the water‐saving potential in GOD could reach 14.09 billion m3 with 4.54 Tg yield lost. This research can help us better understand the influence of winter wheat production on groundwater overexploitation and is useful for the government to develop and extend ongoing adaptation strategies for coping with groundwater overexploitation events.
Noninvasive measurement of mucosal immunity in a free‐ranging baboon population
Authors: Gesquiere Laurence R. , Habig Bobby , Hansen Christina , Li Amanda , Freid Kimberly , Learn Niki H. , Alberts Susan C. , Graham Andrea L. , Archie Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2020

Ecoimmunological patterns and processes remain understudied in wild primates, in part because of the lack of noninvasive methods to measure immunity. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the most abundant antibody present at mammalian mucosal surfaces and provides an important first line of defense against pathogens. Recent studies show that sIgA can be measured noninvasively in feces and is a good marker of mucosal immunity. Here we validated a commercial ELISA kit to measure fecal IgA in baboons, tested the robustness of its results to variation in collection and storage conditions, and developed a cost‐effective in‐house ELISA for baboon fecal IgA. Using data from the custom ELISA, we assessed the relationship between fecal IgA concentrations and gastrointestinal parasite burden, and tested how sex, age, and reproductive effort predict fecal IgA in wild baboons. We find that IgA concentrations can be measured in baboon feces using an in‐house ELISA and are highly correlated to the values obtained with a commercial kit. Fecal IgA concentrations are stable when extracts are stored for up to 22 months at −20°C. Fecal IgA concentrations were negatively correlated with parasite egg counts (Trichuris trichiura), but not parasite richness. Fecal IgA did not vary between the sexes, but for males, concentrations were higher in adults versus adolescents. Lactating females had significantly lower fecal IgA than pregnant females, but neither pregnant nor lactating female concentrations differed significantly from cycling females. Males who engaged in more mate‐guarding exhibited similar IgA concentrations to those who engaged in little mate‐guarding. These patterns may reflect the low energetic costs of mucosal immunity, or the complex dependence of IgA excretion on individual condition. Adding a noninvasive measure of mucosal immunity will promote a better understanding of how ecology modulates possible tradeoffs between the immune system and other energetically costly processes in the wild.
Understandability and actionability of audiovisual patient education materials on sinusitis
Authors: Rubel Kolin E. , Alwani Mohamedkazim M. , Nwosu Obi I. , Bandali Elhaam H. , Shipchandler Taha Z. , Illing Elisa A. , Ting Jonathan Y.
Published: January 2020

Background

Acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are debilitating diseases that affect from 5% to 16% of the population. YouTube is the second most commonly used search engine and is often utilized by patients to garner health information regarding various disease processes and their respective management options. An evaluation of these information resources for quality and reliability is warranted, especially in an era in which patients are increasingly turning to audiovisual (A/V) media to educate themselves regarding their ailments.

Methods

The YouTube video database was searched using the term “sinusitis” from its inception through to November 2018. The first 50 videos populated under the relevance‐based ranking option were collected and parsed by time and language. Of the 50 videos, 10 were eliminated either for length (≤1 minute or ≥20 minutes), language (any language other than English), and/or for later being removed by YouTube for copyright violations. The videos were then assessed using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool―Audio/Visual (PEMAT‐A/V) by 2 independent reviewers for understandability and actionability.

Results

A total of 40 videos were examined using the PEMAT‐A/V tool. The average understandability score was 57.7%, whereas the average actionability score was 46.3%. Eleven videos (28%) had actionability scores of 0%. Videos most commonly addressed disease management options (38%). The second largest category was case presentations regarding surgical techniques (30%). There were only 6 videos focused primarily on education about the definition and common traits of sinusitis (15%).

Conclusion

Our results show a paucity of high‐quality online A/V educational material pertaining to sinusitis, with a majority of videos being neither understandable nor actionable. As patients increasingly turn to internet video databases like YouTube for medical information, it is critical that physicians and institutions create A/V material that is accurate, understandable, and actionable.
Predicting Upper Limb Motor Impairment Recovery after Stroke: A Mixture Model
Authors: van der Vliet Rick , Selles Ruud W. , Andrinopoulou Eleni‐Rosalina , Nijland Rinske , Ribbers Gerard M. , Frens Maarten A. , Meskers Carel , Kwakkel Gert
Published: January 2020

Objective

Spontaneous recovery is an important determinant of upper extremity recovery after stroke and has been described by the 70% proportional recovery rule for the Fugl–Meyer motor upper extremity (FM‐UE) scale. However, this rule is criticized for overestimating the predictability of FM‐UE recovery. Our objectives were to develop a longitudinal mixture model of FM‐UE recovery, identify FM‐UE recovery subgroups, and internally validate the model predictions.

Methods

We developed an exponential recovery function with the following parameters: subgroup assignment probability, proportional recovery coefficient
r
k, time constant in weeks
τ
k, and distribution of the initial FM‐UE scores. We fitted the model to FM‐UE measurements of 412 first‐ever ischemic stroke patients and cross‐validated endpoint predictions and FM‐UE recovery cluster assignment.

Results

The model distinguished 5 subgroups with different recovery parameters (
r1 = 0.09,
τ1 = 5.3,
r2 = 0.46,
τ2 = 10.1,
r3 = 0.86,
τ3 = 9.8,
r4 = 0.89,
τ4 = 2.7,
r5 = 0.93,
τ5 = 1.2). Endpoint FM‐UE was predicted with a median absolute error of 4.8 (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.3–12.8) at 1 week poststroke and 4.2 (IQR = 1.3–9.8) at 2 weeks. Overall accuracy of assignment to the poor (subgroup 1), moderate (subgroups 2 and 3), and good (subgroups 4 and 5) FM‐UE recovery clusters was 0.79 (95% equal‐tailed interval [ETI] = 0.78–0.80) at 1 week poststroke and 0.81 (95% ETI = 0.80–0.82) at 2 weeks.

Interpretation

FM‐UE recovery reflects different subgroups, each with its own recovery profile. Cross‐validation indicates that FM‐UE endpoints and FM‐UE recovery clusters can be well predicted. Results will contribute to the understanding of upper limb recovery patterns in the first 6 months after stroke. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:383–393 Ann Neurol 2020;87:383–393
Enantioselective Radical‐Polar Crossover Reactions of Indanonecarboxamides with Alkenes
Authors: Zhang Xiying , Wu Wangbin , Cao Weidi , Yu Han , Xu Xi , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: January 2020

Highly efficient asymmetric intermolecular radical‐polar crossover reactions were realized by combining a chiral N,N′‐dioxide/NiII complex catalyst with Ag2O under mild reaction conditions. Various terminal alkenes and indanonecarboxamides/esters underwent radical addition/cyclization reactions to afford spiro‐iminolactones and spirolactones with good to excellent yields (up to 99 %) and enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee). Furthermore, a range of different radical‐mediated oxidation/elimination or epoxide ring‐opening products were obtained under mild reaction conditions. The Lewis acid catalysts exhibited excellent performance and precluded the strong background reaction.
Wasserunterstützte homolytische Dissoziation von Propin auf reduzierter Ceroxidoberfläche
Authors: Zhong Jian‐Qiang , Han Zhong‐Kang , Werner Kristin , Li Xiao‐Yan , Gao Yi , Shaikhutdinov Shamil , Freund Hans‐Joachim
Published: January 2020

Die neuartige Verwendung von Ceroxid (CeO2) als effizienter Katalysator für die selektive Hydrierung von Alkinen hat große Aufmerksamkeit erregt. Intensive Forschungsanstrengungen wurden dem Verständnis des zugrundeliegenden katalytischen Mechanismus gewidmet, insbesondere der Wechselwirkung zwischen H2 und CeO2. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, dass ein weiterer Schlüsselaspekt der Hydrierungsreaktion von Propin (C3H4) zu Propen – die Adsorption von Propin auf Ceroxid – stark vom Reduktionsgrad der Ceroxidoberfläche, vom Hydroxylierungsgrad der Oberfläche und von der Gegenwart von Wasser abhängt. Durch die Kombination von Infrarot‐Reflexions‐Absorptions‐Spektroskopie (IRAS) und Dichtefunktionaltheorie(DFT)‐Rechnungen wurde die Dissoziation von Propin nachverfolgt und die Bildung von Methylacetylidgruppen (CH3CC‐) nachgewiesen. Wir zeigen, dass Propin auf der reduzierten Ceroxidoberfläche heterolytisch dissoziiert, wenn ein Methylacetylid‐Ion auf einer Sauerstoffleerstelle gebildet werden kann und ein Proton auf eine nahgelegene Sauerstoffstelle (OH‐Gruppe) übertragen wird, während die Anwesenheit von Wassermolekülen, mit denen das chemisorbierte Methylacetylid um die Leerstelle konkurriert, durch Verdrängung des Methylacetylids auf die nahe gelegene Sauerstoffstelle den homolytischen Dissoziationsweg begünstigt.
Quantitative Design of Bright Fluorophores and AIEgens by the Accurate Prediction of Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT)
Authors: Wang Chao , Qiao Qinglong , Chi Weijie , Chen Jie , Liu Wenjuan , Tan Davin , McKechnie Scott , Lyu Da , Jiang Xiao‐Fang , Zhou Wei , Xu Ning , Zhang Qisheng , Xu Zhaochao , Liu Xiaogang
Published: January 2020

Inhibition of TICT can significantly increase the brightness of fluorescent materials. Accurate prediction of TICT is thus critical for the quantitative design of high‐performance fluorophores and AIEgens. TICT of 14 types of popular organic fluorophores were modeled with time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT). A reliable and generalizable computational approach for modeling TICT formations was established. To demonstrate the prediction power of our approach, we quantitatively designed a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐based AIEgen which exhibits (almost) barrierless TICT rotations in monomers. Subsequent experiments validated our molecular design and showed that the aggregation of this compound turns on bright emissions with ca. 27‐fold fluorescence enhancement, as TICT formation is inhibited in molecular aggregates.
A Site‐Selective Doping Strategy of Carbon Anodes with Remarkable K‐Ion Storage Capacity
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Cao Zhen , Wang Wenxi , Alhajji Eman , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Costa Pedro M. F. J. , Cavallo Luigi , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: January 2020

The limited potassium‐ion intercalation capacity of graphite hampers development of potassium‐ion batteries (PIB). Edge‐nitrogen doping is an effective approach to enhance K‐ion storage in carbonaceous materials. One shortcoming is the lack of precise control over producing the edge‐nitrogen configuration. Here, a molecular‐scale copolymer pyrolysis strategy is used to precisely control edge‐nitrogen doping in carbonaceous materials. This process results in defect‐rich, edge‐nitrogen doped carbons (ENDC) with a high nitrogen‐doping level (up to 10.5 at %) and a high edge‐nitrogen ratio (87.6 %). The optimized ENDC exhibits a high reversible capacity of 423 mAh g−1, a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 65 %, superior rate capability, and long cycle life (93.8 % retention after three months). This strategy can be extended to design other edge‐heteroatom‐rich carbons through pyrolysis of copolymers for efficient storage of various mobile ions.
Water‐Assisted Homolytic Dissociation of Propyne on a Reduced Ceria Surface
Authors: Zhong Jian‐Qiang , Han Zhong‐Kang , Werner Kristin , Li Xiao‐Yan , Gao Yi , Shaikhutdinov Shamil , Freund Hans‐Joachim
Published: January 2020

The emergence of ceria (CeO2) as an efficient catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of alkynes has attracted great attention. Intensive research effort has been devoted to understanding the underlying catalytic mechanism, in particular the H2–CeO2 interaction. Herein, we show that the adsorption of propyne (C3H4) on ceria, another key aspect in the hydrogenation of propyne to propene, strongly depends on the degree of reduction of the ceria surface and hydroxylation of the surface, as well as the presence of water. The dissociation of propyne and the formation of methylacetylide (CH3CC‐) have been identified through the combination of infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and DFT calculations. We demonstrate that propyne undergoes heterolytic dissociation on the reduced ceria surface by forming a methylacetylide ion on the oxygen vacancy site and transferring a proton to the nearby oxygen site (OH group), while a water molecule that competes with the chemisorbed methylacetylide at the vacancy site assists the homolytic dissociation pathway by rebounding the methylacetylide to the nearby oxygen site.
A Phototheranostic Strategy to Continuously Deliver Singlet Oxygen in the Dark and Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Zou Jianhua , Zhu Jianwei , Yang Zhen , Li Ling , Fan Wenpei , He Liangcan , Tang Wei , Deng Liming , Mu Jing , Ma Yuanyuan , Cheng Yaya , Huang Wei , Dong Xiaochen , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: January 2020

Continuous irradiation during photodynamic therapy (PDT) inevitably induces tumor hypoxia, thereby weakening the PDT effect. In PDT‐induced hypoxia, providing singlet oxygen from stored chemical energy may enhance the cell‐killing effect and boost the therapeutic effect. Herein, we present a phototheranostic (DPPTPE@PEG‐Py NPs) prepared by using a 2‐pyridone‐based diblock polymer (PEG‐Py) to encapsulate a semiconducting, heavy‐atom‐free pyrrolopyrrolidone‐tetraphenylethylene (DPPTPE) with high singlet‐oxygen‐generation ability both in dichloromethane and water. The PEG‐Py can trap the 1O2 generated from DPPTPE under laser irradiation and form a stable intermediate of endoperoxide, which can then release 1O2 in the dark, hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, fluorescence‐imaging‐guided phototherapy demonstrates that this phototheranostic could completely inhibit tumor growth with the help of laser irradiation.
Strong‐Base‐Assisted Synthesis of a Crystalline Covalent Triazine Framework with High Hydrophilicity via Benzylamine Monomer for Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Siquan , Cheng Guang , Guo Liping , Wang Ning , Tan Bien , Jin Shangbin
Published: January 2020

Methods to synthesize crystalline covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are limited and little attention has been paid to development of hydrophilic CTFs and photocatalytic overall water splitting. A route to synthesize crystalline and hydrophilic CTF‐HUST‐A1 with a benzylamine‐functionalized monomer is presented. The base reagent used plays an important role in the enhancement of crystallinity and hydrophilicity. CTF‐HUST‐A1 exhibits good crystallinity, excellent hydrophilicity, and excellent photocatalytic activity in sacrificial photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (hydrogen evolution rate up to 9200 μmol g−1 h−1). Photocatalytic overall water splitting is achieved by depositing dual co‐catalysts in CTF‐HUST‐A1, with H2 evolution and O2 evolution rates of 25.4 μmol g−1 h−1 and 12.9 μmol g−1 h−1 in pure water without using sacrificial agent.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of the Complex Polycyclic Xanthone FD‐594
Authors: Xie Tao , Zheng Chaoying , Chen Kuanwei , He Haibing , Gao Shuanhu
Published: January 2020

A highly convergent approach was developed to achieve the first asymmetric and scalable total synthesis of FD‐594, a complex polycyclic xanthone natural product from Streptomyces sp. TA‐0256, in a longest linear sequence (LLS) of 20 steps. The trans‐9,10‐dihydrophenanthrene‐9,10‐diol fragment (B‐C‐D ring) was generated through a new strategy involving asymmetric dihydroxylation followed by Cu‐mediated oxidative cyclization. Late‐stage stereoselective glycosylation assembled the angular hexacyclic framework with a β‐linked 2,6‐dideoxy trisaccharide fragment.
Switching of Redox Properties Triggered by a Thermal Equilibrium between Closed‐Shell Folded and Open‐Shell Twisted Species
Authors: Ishigaki Yusuke , Hashimoto Takumi , Sugawara Kazuma , Suzuki Shuichi , Suzuki Takanori
Published: January 2020

Thermally switchable redox properties have been reported to be due to a change in the spin state of newly designed overcrowded ethylenes, which can adopt closed‐shell folded and open‐shell twisted forms. In this study, tetrathienylanthraquinodimethane derivatives were designed to be in thermal equilibrium between a more stable folded form and less stable but more donating twisted diradical in solution, so that the oxidation potential can be controlled by heating/cooling. This is the first example of a switching of redox properties based on a thermally equilibrated twisted diradical, which can be more readily oxidized to the twisted dication.
Optimization method to reduce three‐dimensional thermal gradients in resin transfer molding
Authors: Yang Wenkai , Lu Shihong , Liu Wenhao
Published: January 2020

Presently, the mold and resin are heated to promote resin flow and shorten curing period in order to improve manufacturing efficiency of resin transfer molding (RTM). This nonisothermal manufacturing process easily generates three‐dimensional thermal gradients in the direction of resin flow and thickness of composite part. However, the existing heating systems only consider the thermal gradients along thickness direction. The thermal gradients in direction of resin flow cannot be reduced which will lead to residual stress even deformation and cracking in composite part. This article aims at reducing the three‐dimensional thermal gradients in the direction of resin flow and thickness of composite part. Based on the theory of energy and fluid flow, an optimization method of heating system design by using numerical simulation is proposed. The results show this method reduces the three‐dimensional thermal gradients effectively in composite part manufactured by RTM process. This study can provide powerful tools for heating system design to manufacture composites products in polymer industry. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48948.
Identifying historical baseline at the onset of exploitation to improve understanding of fishing impacts
Authors: Novaglio Camilla , Smith Anthony D.M. , Frusher Stewart , Ferretti Francesco
Published: January 2020

Marine communities have long been impacted by human activities, but the quantification of human‐driven changes often relies on recent data. This is because historical data on fish populations are lacking and are challenging to include in contemporary stock and ecological assessments. As a result, the impacts of early fishing pressure on marine communities are generally poorly documented worldwide.

Marine communities of Southeast Australia have a relatively short history of exploitation compared with other temperate systems and were sampled before and after the onset of commercial fishing. As such, they provide a rare opportunity to identify historical baselines and to understand ecological changes after the onset of commercial exploitation.

This study compares survey data collected around Tasmania, Southeast Australia, in 1909–1910 with data from the 1980s. The period considered precedes the establishment of a trawl fishery in Southeast Australia in 1915, of other important commercial fisheries in Tasmania, and of a fisheries data collection programme in 1984. Nominal catch rates are used to examine changes across all families of demersal fish recorded in catches and generalized linear models are used to estimate and compare standardized indices of abundance between the 1909–1910 and 1980s data for key commercial families.

Results show significant, and thus far unreported, fishing‐induced changes in marine communities after the establishment of commercial fishing in the region. Changes mostly relate to shifts in catch composition and steep declines in the abundance of the main commercial families.

This study illustrates a method for analysing low‐quality historical catch data and provides estimates of pre‐commercial fishing abundance that can be included in stock and ecological assessments. More broadly, this study demonstrates the significant role of early fishing in shaping marine communities and increases our understanding about general patterns of exploitation that have been difficult to identify with longer but less detailed fishing histories.