bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive interaction study provides a potential domain interaction network of human death domain superfamily proteins
Authors: Zhou Wei , Kaneko Naoe , Nakagita Tomoya , Takeda Hiroyuki , Masumoto Junya
Published: May 2021

Human death domain superfamily proteins (DDSPs) play important roles in many signaling pathways involved in cell death and inflammation. Disruption or constitutive activation of these DDSP interactions due to inherited gene mutations is closely related to immunodeficiency and/or autoinflammatory diseases; however, responsible gene mutations have not been found in phenotypical diagnosis of these diseases. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the interactions of death-fold domains to explore the signaling network mediated by human DDSPs. We obtained 116 domains of DDSPs and conducted a domain–domain interaction assay of 13,924 reactions in duplicate using amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay. The data were mostly consistent with previously reported interactions. We also found new possible interactions, including an interaction between the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) of CARD10 and the tandem CARD–CARD domain of NOD2, which was confirmed by reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation. This study enables prediction of the interaction network of human DDSPs, sheds light on pathogenic mechanisms, and will facilitate identification of drug targets for treatment of immunodeficiency and autoinflammatory diseases.
Kupffer cell receptor CLEC4F is important for the destruction of desialylated platelets in mice
Authors: Jiang Yizhi , Tang Yaqiong , Hoover Christopher , Kondo Yuji , Huang Dongping , Restagno Damien , Shao Bojing , Gao Liang , Michael McDaniel J. , Zhou Meixiang , Silasi-Mansat Robert , McGee Samuel , Jiang Miao , Bai Xia , Lupu Florea , Ruan Changgeng , Marth Jamey D. , Wu Depei , Han Yue , Xia Lijun
Published: May 2021

The liver has recently been identified as a major organ for destruction of desialylated platelets. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Kupffer cells, which are professional phagocytic cells in the liver, comprise the largest population of resident tissue macrophages in the body. Kupffer cells express a C-type lectin receptor, CLEC4F, that recognizes desialylated glycans with an unclear in vivo role in mediating platelet destruction. In this study, we generated a CLEC4F-deficient mouse model (Clec4f−/−) and found that CLEC4F was specifically expressed by Kupffer cells. Using the Clec4f−/− mice and a newly generated platelet-specific reporter mouse line, we revealed a critical role for CLEC4F on Kupffer cells in mediating destruction of desialylated platelets in the liver in vivo. Platelet clearance experiments and ultrastructural analysis revealed that desialylated platelets were phagocytized predominantly by Kupffer cells in a CLEC4F-dependent manner in mice. Collectively, these findings identify CLEC4F as a Kupffer cell receptor important for the destruction of desialylated platelets induced by bacteria-derived neuraminidases, which provide new insights into the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in disease conditions such as sepsis.
BMI1 regulates multiple myeloma-associated macrophage’s pro-myeloma functions
Authors: Zhang Danfeng , Huang Jingcao , Wang Fangfang , Ding Hong , Cui Yushan , Yang Yan , Xu Juan , Luo Hongmei , Gao Yuhan , Pan Ling , Wu Yu , Gong Yuping , Xie Liping , Liu Zhigang , Qu Ying , Zhang Li , Liu Weiping , Zhang Wenyan , Zhao Sha , Yi Qing , Niu Ting , Zheng Yuhuan
Published: May 2021

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by terminally differentiated plasma cells accumulation in the bone marrow (BM). MM BM exhibits elevated MΦs (macrophages) numbers relative to healthy BM. Current evidence indicates that MM-MΦs (MM-associated macrophages) have pro-myeloma functions, and BM MM-MΦs numbers negatively correlate with patient survival. Here, we found that BMI1, a polycomb-group protein, modulates the pro-myeloma functions of MM-MΦs, which expressed higher BMI1 levels relative to normal MΦs. In the MM tumor microenvironment, hedgehog signaling in MΦs was activated by MM-derived sonic hedgehog, and BMI1 transcription subsequently activated by c-Myc. Relative to wild-type MM-MΦs, BMI1-KO (BMI1 knockout) MM-MΦs from BM cells of BMI1-KO mice exhibited reduced proliferation and suppressed expression of angiogenic factors. Additionally, BMI1-KO MM-MΦs lost their ability to protect MM cells from chemotherapy-induced cell death. In vivo analysis showed that relative to wild-type MM-MΦs, BMI1-KO MM-MΦs lost their pro-myeloma effects. Together, our data show that BMI1 mediates the pro-myeloma functions of MM-MΦs.
A novel lncRNA SOX2OT promotes the malignancy of human colorectal cancer by interacting with miR-194-5p/SOX5 axis
Authors: Feng Ye , Xu Ying , Gao Yongjian , Chen Yiying , Wang Xuefeng , Chen Zhi
Published: May 2021

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) show emerging roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and are considered to be involved in the potential mechanism of tumor malignancy. While Sox2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) has been implicated in the progression of multiple cancers, its role in CRC remains to be explored. In this study, in situ hybridization (ISH) and qRT-PCR were performed to establish the functional relationships between SOX2OT and CRC deranged in CRC tissue and cells. Subsequently, SOX2OT shRNAs vectors were transfected into CRC cells to performed loss-of-function assays to detect the potential role of SOX2OT on proliferation and metastasis in vitro and vivo. The results showed SOX2OT was an oncogene that was up-regulated in human CRC tissues and cell lines. SOX2OT silencing suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in CRC cells in vitro, and inhibited tumorigenesis in the mouse xenografts. Bioinformatic predictive analysis coupled with the dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and functional rescue assay elucidated the mechanistic network of the SOX2OT-miR-194-5p-SOX5 axis in CRC. Mechanistically, SOX2OT acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to upregulate SOX5 by sponging miR-194-5p. Downregulated SOX2OT boosted miR-194-5p expression, thus decreased the protein level of SOX5, which suppresses tumorgenesis of CRC.
Novel fragile X syndrome 2D and 3D brain models based on human isogenic FMRP-KO iPSCs
Authors: Brighi Carlo , Salaris Federico , Soloperto Alessandro , Cordella Federica , Ghirga Silvia , de Turris Valeria , Rosito Maria , Porceddu Pier Francesca , D’Antoni Chiara , Reggiani Angelo , Rosa Alessandro , Di Angelantonio Silvia
Published: May 2021

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by intellectual disability and sensory deficits, caused by epigenetic silencing of the FMR1 gene and subsequent loss of its protein product, fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Delays in synaptic and neuronal development in the cortex have been reported in FXS mouse models; however, the main goal of translating lab research into pharmacological treatments in clinical trials has been so far largely unsuccessful, leaving FXS a still incurable disease. Here, we generated 2D and 3D in vitro human FXS model systems based on isogenic FMR1 knock-out mutant and wild-type human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines. Phenotypical and functional characterization of cortical neurons derived from FMRP-deficient hiPSCs display altered gene expression and impaired differentiation when compared with the healthy counterpart. FXS cortical cultures show an increased number of GFAP positive cells, likely astrocytes, increased spontaneous network activity, and depolarizing GABAergic transmission. Cortical brain organoid models show an increased number of glial cells, and bigger organoid size. Our findings demonstrate that FMRP is required to correctly support neuronal and glial cell proliferation, and to set the correct excitation/inhibition ratio in human brain development.
Beraprost ameliorates postmenopausal osteoporosis by regulating Nedd4-induced Runx2 ubiquitination
Authors: Zheng Huo-Liang , Xu Wen-Ning , Zhou Wen-Sheng , Yang Run-Ze , Chen Peng-Bo , Liu Tao , Jiang Lei-Sheng , Jiang Sheng-Dan
Published: May 2021

Bone health requires adequate bone mass, which is maintained by a critical balance between bone resorption and formation. In our study, we identified beraprost as a pivotal regulator of bone formation and resorption. The administration of beraprost promoted differentiation of mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells (M-BMSCs) through the PI3K–AKT pathway. In co-culture, osteoblasts stimulated with beraprost inhibited osteoclastogenesis in a rankl-dependent manner. Bone mass of p53 knockout mice remained stable, regardless of the administration of beraprost, indicating that p53 plays a vital role in the bone mass regulation by beraprost. Mechanistic in vitro studies showed that p53 binds to the promoter region of neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (Nedd4) to promote its transcription. As a ubiquitinating enzyme, Nedd4 binds to runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which results in its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. These data indicate that the p53–Nedd4–Runx2 axis is an effective regulator of bone formation and highlight the potential of beraprost as a therapeutic drug for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Long noncoding RNA LYPLAL1-AS1 regulates adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by targeting desmoplakin and inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Yang Yanlei , Fan Junfen , Xu Haoying , Fan Linyuan , Deng Luchan , Li Jing , Li Di , Li Hongling , Zhang Fengchun , Zhao Robert Chunhua
Published: May 2021

Long noncoding RNAs are crucial factors for modulating adipogenic differentiation, but only a few have been identified in humans. In the current study, we identified a previously unknown human long noncoding RNA, LYPLAL1-antisense RNA1 (LYPLAL1-AS1), which was dramatically upregulated during the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Based on 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends assays, full-length LYPLAL1-AS1 was 523 nt. Knockdown of LYPLAL1-AS1 decreased the adipogenic differentiation of hAMSCs, whereas overexpression of LYPLAL1-AS1 enhanced this process. Desmoplakin (DSP) was identified as a direct target of LYPLAL1-AS1. Knockdown of DSP enhanced adipogenic differentiation and rescued the LYPLAL1-AS1 depletion-induced defect in adipogenic differentiation of hAMSCs. Further experiments showed that LYPLAL1-AS1 modulated DSP protein stability possibly via proteasome degradation, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was inhibited during adipogenic differentiation regulated by the LYPLAL1-AS1/DSP complex. Together, our work provides a new mechanism by which long noncoding RNA regulates adipogenic differentiation of human MSCs and suggests that LYPLAL1-AS1 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for preventing and combating diseases related to abnormal adipogenesis, such as obesity.
Mechanisms of microbe-immune system dialogue within the skin
Authors: Lunjani Nonhlanhla , Ahearn-Ford Sinead , Dube Felix S. , Hlela Carol , O’Mahony Liam
Published: May 2021

The prevalence and severity of dermatological conditions such as atopic dermatitis have increased dramatically during recent decades. Many of the factors associated with an altered risk of developing inflammatory skin disorders have also been shown to alter the composition and diversity of non-pathogenic microbial communities that inhabit the human host. While the most densely microbial populated organ is the gut, culture and non-culture-based technologies have revealed a dynamic community of bacteria, fungi, viruses and mites that exist on healthy human skin, which change during disease. In this review, we highlight some of the recent findings on the mechanisms through which microbes interact with each other on the skin and the signalling systems that mediate communication between the immune system and skin-associated microbes. In addition, we summarize the ongoing clinical studies that are targeting the microbiome in patients with skin disorders. While significant efforts are still required to decipher the mechanisms underpinning host-microbe communication relevant to skin health, it is likely that disease-related microbial communities, or Dermatypes, will help identify personalized treatments and appropriate microbial reconstitution strategies.
Nongenetic control of receptor signaling dynamics using a DNA-based optochemical tool
Authors: Ueki Ryosuke , Hayashi Shota , Tsunoda Masaya , Akiyama Momoko , Liu Hanrui , Ueno Tasuku , Urano Yasuteru , Sando Shinsuke
Published: May 2021

We demonstrated the nongenetic temporal control of cell signaling using a DNA-based synthetic surrogate of growth factor.
Ni@onion-like carbon and Co@amorphous carbon: control of carbon structures by metal ion species in MOFs
Authors: Mukoyoshi Megumi , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Kusada Kohei , Otsubo Kazuya , Maesato Mitsuhiko , Kubota Yoshiki , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Matsumura Syo , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: May 2021

Thermal decompositions of a metal–organic framework (MOF) directly afforded different types of metal–carbon composites by simply changing the metal ion in a MOF.
A study of the effects of NH4+ on the fast precipitation of vaterite CaCO3 formed from steamed ammonia liquid waste and K2CO3/Na2CO3
Authors: Song Xuewen , Liu Hui , Wang Jingfeng , Cao Yuwei , Luo Xianping
Published: May 2021

The results indicated that the CaCO3 morphology, particle size, and crystal phase were significantly influenced by the NH4+ concentration were investigated upon the use of steamed ammonia liquid waste (CaCl2) in a rapid fabrication technique.
A highly conductive Ni(OH)2 nano-sheet wrapped CuCo2S4 nano-tube electrode with a core–shell structure for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Yuan Yinan , Jia Henan , Liu Zhaoyuan , Wang Lidong , Sheng Jie , Fei Weidong
Published: May 2021

Due to the synergistic effects of the CuCo2S4 core and the Ni(OH)2 shell, the reasonably designed core–shell CuCo2S4@Ni(OH)2 electrode shows a superior electrochemical performance.
A general strategy for designing two-dimensional high-efficiency layered thermoelectric materials
Authors: Zhang Xiwen , Guo Yilv , Zhou Zhaobo , Li Yunhai , Chen Yunfei , Wang Jinlan
Published: May 2021

Introducing lone pairs occupied in the pz-orbital not only effectively improves the electronic transport properties, but also increases low-frequency and high-frequency phonon scattering simultaneously.
A universal synthesis strategy for stable CsPbX3@oxide core–shell nanoparticles through bridging ligands
Authors: Tang Bing , Zhao Xuan , Ruan Lin Ji , Qin Changyun , Shu Ang , Ma Ying
Published: May 2021

We report a universal synthesis strategy for CsPbX3@oxide core–shell nanoparticles via capping CsPbX3 NCs with a bridging ligand.
Pore-structure regulation of biomass-derived carbon materials for an enhanced supercapacitor performance
Authors: Xu He , Wang Liyuan , Zhang Yi , Chen Ye , Gao Shuyan
Published: May 2021

Pore distribution of biomass-derived carbon material is well broadened and regulated via facile C10H14N2Na2O8/KOH dual-activator method, providing an effective guidance for optimizing porous carbon materials for high-performance supercapacitor.
Carbon-coated NiSe nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide: a high-rate and long-life anode for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Mao Xinning , Gu Xin , Wen Sheng , Zhang Li , Dai Pengcheng , Li Liangjun , Liu Dandan , Li Dawei , Li Zhi , Zhang Kuitong , Zhao Xuebo
Published: May 2021

NiSe nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide are investigated for use as potential anodes of PIBs for the first time.
Osmotic pressure-induced pocket-like spheres with Fe single-atom sites for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liang Kuang , Yuan Chengzong , Zhou Xiao , Yang Zhengkun , Du Junyi , Ye Yifan , Luo Jingjing , Chen Cai , Zhu Junfa , Su Chenliang , Wu Yuen
Published: May 2021

We adopted a self-template method to prepare nitrogen/metal-rich hollow pocket-like spheres as an efficient ORR catalyst. The unique-structured catalyst promoted utilization of active sites and exhibits remarkable ORR performances.
Mobility anisotropy in the herringbone structure of asymmetric Ph-BTBT-10 in solution sheared thin film transistors
Authors: Tamayo Adrián , Hofer Sebastian , Salzillo Tommaso , Ruzié Christian , Schweicher Guillaume , Resel Roland , Mas-Torrent Marta
Published: May 2021

Thin films of Ph-BTBT-10 are deposited by solution shearing at low and high coating velocities. Films coated at low speed are anisotropic, while the high coating speed films are less ordered but more homogenous and electrically isotropic.
An ultrafast-response and high-detectivity self-powered perovskite photodetector based on a triazine-derived star-shaped small molecule as a dopant-free hole transporting layer
Authors: Shan Chengwei , Meng Fei , Yu Jiahao , Wang Zhangxia , Li Wenhui , Fan Dongyu , Chen Rui , Ma Haibo , Li Gongqiang , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko
Published: May 2021

A star-shaped small molecule named Triazine-Th-OMeTAD was synthesized and employed as a dopant-free hole transporting layer in an organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite photodetector for ultrafast response and high detectivity in self-power mode.
Room‐temperature quantum cascade laser packaged module at ∼8 μm designed for high‐frequency response
Authors: Yang Ke , Liu Junqi , Zhai Shenqiang , Zhang Jinchuan , Zhuo Ning , Wang Lijun , Liu Shuman , Liu Fengqi
Published: May 2021

A high‐speed, room‐temperature quantum cascade laser packaged module emitting at 8.14 μm is presented. The cavity length of the laser is as small as 0.5 mm, and the threshold current at 298 K is 110 mA. A matching printed circuit board is inserted into the packaged module to reduce the RC constant. As a result, the rectification response of packaged module is relatively flat upto 2 GHz and the –3 dB cut‐off frequency is increased from 0.9  to 2.2 GHz.
48‐Gbit/s 8K video‐transmission using resonant tunnelling diodes in 300‐GHz band
Authors: Webber J. , Oshiro A. , Iwamatsu S. , Nishida Y. , Fujita M. , Nagatsuma T.
Published: May 2021

The authors report on a real‐time 48‐Gbit/s terahertz band wireless communication experiment employing a pair of resonant tunnelling diodes at the receiver and uni‐travelling carrier photodiodes at the transmitter. The wireless transmission of uncompressed full‐resolution 8K ultra high‐definition television video signal is successfully demonstrated in the 300‐GHz band for the first time.
A 56 Gbps 4‐tap PAM‐4 direct decision feedback equaliser with negative capacitance employing dynamic CML comparators in 65‐nm CMOS
Authors: Wang Dengjie , Zhao Zeliang , Wang Ziqiang , Zhang Chun , Wang Zhihua , Chen Hong
Published: May 2021

Here, a 4‐level pulse amplitude modulation direct decision feedback equaliser (DFE) with a novel dynamic current‐mode‐logic comparator (DCMLC) is presented. The DCMLC breaks the trade‐off between settling time and regeneration time in traditional CML comparator design by utilizing dynamic logic and separately optimizes the tracking stage and regeneration stage for a correct latch operation at ultrahigh speed. Compared with the traditional CML comparator, the DCMLC reduces delay by 36% and has better input sensitivity on high baud rates at the cost of 7% shrunk output swing. The negative capacitance is adopted to achieve a 0.5 dB bandwidth extension ratio of up to 1.89. The reduced delay and wider bandwidth of the proposed comparator allow the implementation of 4‐tap direct DFE at 56 Gbps with 2.8 pJ/bit energy efficiency and an active area of 0.007 mm2 in 65‐nm CMOS technology.
Study on the performance of multi‐branch modular permanent magnet motor affected by magnetic pole segmentation
Authors: Teng XiaoYuan , Li Yan , Feng GuiHong , Zhang BingYi
Published: May 2021

To better address the requirements of integrated equipment, here, a multi‐branch modular permanent magnet motor using a toroidal winding with reverse turn coils is proposed. High‐speed motors have a large winding span, and the use of a toroidal winding with reverse turn coils in place of lap windings can effectively shorten the length of the motor end. Motor modularisation can improve production, assembly efficiency, and the maintenance economy. To innovate the windings from a basic toroidal winding, a modularised toroidal winding with reverse turn coil is proposed which enables the motor to be decoupled in electrical and mechanical structures. The inductance parameter calculation and finite element simulation verification are carried out on the new winding structure and the lap windings. The feasibility of the 60‐degree phase toroidal winding with a reverse turn coil structure with reverse turns is also assessed. The no‐load back electromotive force of the new winding structure is a square wave, which will bring certain torque fluctuations. To improve the performance of the motor, the method of radial magnetic pole segmentation is used, and the new magnetic pole is analysed and verified by the segmented magnetic circuit. Finally, the combination of magnetic pole segmentation is explored, and the effect of different segmentation methods on the performance of the motor is compared.
Accurate modelling based on a subdomain method for heteropolar radial magnetic bearing with a solid rotor
Authors: Yu Chunmin , Deng Zhiquan , Mei Lei , Chen Shangsi , Peng Cong , Ding Qiang
Published: May 2021

In this paper, an analytical model based on the subdomain method is proposed for heteropolar radial magnetic bearings (HRMBs) with a solid rotor. Due to the eddy current effects of the solid rotor in varying magnetic fields, accurate analytical models with no eddy current effects and eddy current effects are established for electromagnetic analysis. First, the HRMB is divided into two regions, including the slot region and air region, and three regions, including the slot region, air region, and rotor region, to determine whether eddy currents are considered. The static analytical model and dynamic analytical model are established separately. Furthermore, the air gap magnetic density is derived utilising vector equations and boundary conditions. The analytical model is verified by finite element analysis. Ultimately, the parameters of the HRMB are optimised, while the analytical results are compared with the prototype’s experiment results.
Spatial‐tree filter for cost aggregation in stereo matching
Authors: Jin Yusheng , Zhao Hong , Bu Penghui
Published: May 2021

The desired solution to many labelling problems in computer vision is a spatially smooth result where label changes are aligned with the edges of the guidance image. It can be obtained traditionally by smoothing the label costs using edge‐aware filters. However, local filters incorporate the information in a local support region to obtain locally‐optimal and non‐local tree‐based filters, which often overuse piece‐wise constant assumptions. In this paper, we propose a spatial‐tree filter for cost aggregation. The tree model incorporates the spatial affinity into the tree structure. The tree distance between two pixels on our spatial tree is an approximated geodesic distance, which acts as a pixel similarity metric. The filtering process was implemented by recursively techniques in four directions: Top‐to‐bottom, left‐to‐right, and vice‐versa. Thus, the complexity of our approach is linear to the number of image pixels. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our spatial‐tree filter in image smoothing and stereo matching. Our method performs better than the existing tree‐based non‐local method in cost aggregation.
Self‐learning tuning of coaxial cavity filter by using the poles and residues of admittance function
Authors: Wu Shengbiao , Luo Xianxi , Zhou Huanying , Liu Guoquan
Published: May 2021

To solve the complexity and blindness of the tuning process in the manufacture of microwave cavity filters, this study proposes a self‐learning tuning method based on the poles and residues of the admittance function. First, the improved Cauchy's method based on the differential evolution algorithm is used to extract the poles and residues of the admittance parameters (Y‐parameters) in a non‐ideal environment, and the effect of different port phase shifts and cavity losses on the accuracy of parameter extraction is overcome. Second, a parametric model based on the experience and data fusion via the fuzzy neural network method is established according to the collected non‐linear relation data. Furthermore, problems such as poor data reliability, low modelling accuracy and weak generalisation ability are solved. On this basis, an adaptive optimisation tuning of microwave cavity filters using an implicit space‐mapping algorithm is proposed and problems such as convergence difficulty and dependence on the initial value are solved. The results of the online simulation show that the proposed method has a high tuning accuracy and fast tuning ability.
Modelling and analysis of inertia self‐tuning phase control strategy for a floating multi‐body wave energy converter
Authors: Yang Shaohui , Chen Hu , Ji Zhifei , Li Hui , Xiang Xu
Published: May 2021

Wave energy converters (WECs) exhibit higher energy capture capacity when the wave frequency is close to the nature frequency of the device. A possible way to enhance energy capture efficiency is to modify the nature frequency of a WEC to match the incoming wave frequency. This paper presents an inertia self‐tuning phase control strategy which can optimize the wave energy capture efficiency of a floating multi‐body (FMB) WEC by regulating automatically the total mass of the capture energy part according to the incoming wave conditions. A variable‐frequency inertia self‐tuning control system is designed to conduct the proposed control strategy. The mathematical model of rotational motion of the FMB WEC is built and the dynamic performance of the control system is analysed in detail. Simulation results illustrate the proposed control strategy can achieve a phase optimization and hence significantly improve wave energy extraction of the FMB WEC in both regular and irregular waves. For regular waves, the maximum capture width ratio)CWR( under the control strategy is 7.3 times higher than that no control strategy is used. For irregular waves, the maximum CWR under the control strategy is 4.4 times that without the control strategy at the same wave frequency.
Long non‐coding RNAs and their targets as potential biomarkers in breast cancer
Authors: Khalid Maryam , Paracha Rehan Zafar , Nisar Maryum , Malik Sumaira , Tariq Salma , Arshad Iqra , Siddiqa Amnah , Hussain Zamir , Ahmad Jamil , Ali Amjad
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer is among the lethal types of cancer with a high mortality rate, globally. Its high prevalence can be controlled through improved analysis and identification of disease‐specific biomarkers. Recently, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as key contributors of carcinogenesis and regulate various cellular pathways through post‐transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. The specific aim of this study was to identify the novel interactions of aberrantly expressed genetic components in breast cancer by applying integrative analysis of publicly available expression profiles of both lncRNAs and mRNAs. Differential expression patterns were identified by comparing the breast cancer expression profiles of samples with controls. Significant co‐expression networks were identified through WGCNA analysis. WGCNA is a systems biology approach used to elucidate the pattern of correlation between genes across microarray samples. It is also used to identify the highly correlated modules. The results obtained from this study revealed significantly differentially expressed and co‐expressed lncRNAs and their cis‐ and trans‐regulating mRNA targets which include RP11‐108F13.2 targeting TAF5L, RPL23AP2 targeting CYP4F3, CYP4F8 and AL022324.2 targeting LRP5L, AL022324.3, and Z99916.3, respectively. Moreover, pathway analysis revealed the involvement of identified mRNAs and lncRNAs in major cell signalling pathways, and target mRNAs expression is also validated through cohort data. Thus, the identified lncRNAs and their target mRNAs represent novel biomarkers that could serve as potential therapeutics for breast cancer and their roles could also be further validated through wet labs to employ them as potential therapeutic targets in future.
Day-night differences in Mars methane suggest nighttime containment at Gale crater
Authors: Webster Christopher R. , Mahaffy Paul R. , Pla-Garcia Jorge , Rafkin Scot C. R. , Moores John E. , Atreya Sushil K. , Flesch Gregory J. , Malespin Charles A. , Teinturier Samuel M. , Kalucha Hemani , Smith Christina L. , Viúdez-Moreiras Daniel , Vasavada Ashwin R.
Published: May 2021

We report new measurements of atmospheric methane by the Curiosity rover’s Tunable Laser Spectrometer that is part of the Sample Analysis at Mars suite (TLS-SAM), finding nondetections during two daytime measurements of average value 0.05 ± 0.22 ppbv (95% confidence interval CI). These are in marked contrast with nighttime background levels of 0.52 ± 0.10 (95% CI) from four measurements taken during the same season of northern summer. This large day-night difference suggests that methane accumulates while contained near the surface at night, but drops below TLS-SAM detection limits during the day, consistent with the daytime nondetection by instruments on board the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. With no evidence for methane production by the rover itself, we propose that the source is one of planetary micro-seepage. Dynamical modeling indicates that such methane release is contained within the collapsed planetary boundary layer (PBL) at night due to a combination of nocturnal inversion and convergent downslope flow winds that confine the methane inside the crater close to the point where it is released. The methane abundance is then diluted during the day through increased vertical mixing associated with a higher altitude PBL and divergent upslope flow that advects methane out of the crater region. We also report detection of a large spike of methane in June 2019 with a mean in situ value over a two-hour ingest of 20.5 ± 4 ppbv (95% CI). If near-surface production is occurring widely across Mars, it must be accompanied by a fast methane destruction or sequestration mechanism, or both.
Multiepoch VLT–FORS spectropolarimetric observations of supernova 2012aw reveal an asymmetric explosion
Authors: Dessart Luc , Leonard Douglas C. , John Hillier D. , Pignata Giuliano
Published: May 2021

We present VLT–FORS spectropolarimetric observations of the type II supernova (SN) 2012aw taken at seven epochs during the photospheric phase, from 16 to 120 d after explosion. We corrected for interstellar polarization by postulating that the SN polarization is naught near the rest wavelength of the strongest lines – this is later confirmed by our modeling. SN 2012aw exhibits intrinsic polarization, with strong variations across lines, and with a magnitude that grows in the 7000 Å line-free region from 0.1% at 16 d up to 1.2% at 120 d. This behavior is qualitatively similar to observations gathered for other type II SNe. A suitable rotation of Stokes vectors places the bulk of the polarization in q, suggesting the ejecta of SN 2012aw is predominantly axisymmetric. Using an upgraded version of our 2D polarized radiative transfer code, we modeled the wavelength- and time-dependent polarization of SN 2012aw. The key observables may be explained by the presence of a confined region of enhanced 56Ni at ~4000 km s−1, which boosts the electron density in a cone having an opening angle of ~50 deg and an observer’s inclination of ~70 deg to the axis of symmetry. With this fixed asymmetry in time, the observed evolution of the SN 2012aw polarization arises from the evolution of the ejecta optical depth, ionization, and the relative importance of multiple versus single scattering. However, the polarization signatures exhibit numerous degeneracies. Cancellation effects at early times imply that low polarization may even occur for ejecta with a large asymmetry. An axisymmetric ejecta with a latitudinal-dependent explosion energy can also yield similar polarization signatures as asymmetry in the 56Ni distribution. In spite of these uncertainties, SN 2012aw provides additional evidence for the generic asymmetry of type II SN ejecta, of which VLT–FORS spectropolarimetric observations are a decisive and exquisite probe.
The Current Status of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor to Treat Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Engelmann Cornelius , Martino Vincent Di , Kerbert Annarein J.C. , Weil-Verhoeven Delphine , Aehling Niklas Friedemann , Herber Adam , Thévenot Thierry , Berg Thomas
Published: May 2021

Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) have a devastating prognosis and therapeutic options are limited. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes immune and stem cells and possess immune-modulatory and proregenerative capacities. In this review, we aim to define the current evidence for the treatment with G-CSF in end-stage liver disease. Several smaller clinical trials in patients with different severity grades of end-stage liver disease have shown that G-CSF improves survival and reduces the rate of complications. Adequately powered multicenter European trials could not confirm these beneficial effects. In mouse models of ACLF, G-CSF increased the toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammatory response which led to an increase in mortality. Adding a TLR4 signaling inhibitor allowed G-CSF to unfold its proregenerative properties in these ACLF models. These data suggest that G-CSF requires a noninflammatory environment to exert its protective properties.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Overlapping Mechanisms
Authors: Møller Søren , Kimer Nina , Kronborg Thit , Grandt Josephine , Hove Jens Dahlgaard , Barløse Mads , Gluud Lise Lotte
Published: May 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) denotes a condition with excess fat in the liver. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing, averaging > 25% of the Western population. In 25% of the patients, NAFLD progresses to its more severe form: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and >25% of these progress to cirrhosis following activation of inflammatory and fibrotic processes. NAFLD is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome and represents a considerable and increasing health burden. In the near future, NAFLD cirrhosis is expected to be the most common cause for liver transplantation. NAFLD patients have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease as well as liver-related morbidity. In addition, hepatic steatosis itself appears to represent an independent cardiovascular risk factor. In the present review, we provide an overview of the overlapping mechanisms and prevalence of NAFLD and cardiovascular disease.
The Inside-Out of End-Stage Liver Disease: Hepatocytes are the Keystone
Authors: Haep Nils , Florentino Rodrigo M. , Squires James E. , Bell Aaron , Soto-Gutierrez Alejandro
Published: May 2021

Chronic liver injury results in cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease (ESLD) which represents a leading cause of death worldwide, affecting people in their most productive years of life. Medical therapy can extend life, but the only definitive treatment is liver transplantation (LT). However, LT remains limited by access to quality donor organs and suboptimal long-term outcomes. The degeneration from healthy-functioning livers to cirrhosis and ESLD involves a dynamic process of hepatocyte damage, diminished hepatic function, and adaptation. However, the mechanisms responsible for deterioration of hepatocyte function and ultimately hepatic failure in man are poorly understood. We review the current understanding of cirrhosis and ESLD as a dynamic process and outline the current mechanisms associated with the development of hepatic failure from the clinical manifestations to energy adaptations, regeneration, and regulation of nuclear transcription factors. A new generation of therapeutics could target stabilization of hepatocyte differentiation and function to avoid the need for transplantation in patients with cirrhosis and ESLD.
Rotational Soft-Tissue Balance Is Highly Correlated with Rotational Kinematics in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Kinoshita Tomofumi , Hino Kazunori , Kutsuna Tatsuhiko , Watamori Kunihiko , Miura Hiromasa
Published: May 2021

Recovery of normal knee kinematics is critical for improving functional outcomes and patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The kinematics pattern after TKA varies from case to case, and it remains unclear how to reproduce normal knee kinematics. The present study aimed to evaluate rotational knee kinematics and soft-tissue balance using a navigation system and to assess the influence of intraoperative soft-tissue balance on the rotational knee kinematics. We evaluated 81 osteoarthritic knees treated with TKA using a posterior stabilized (50 knees) or cruciate retaining (31 knees) prosthesis. Rotational kinematics were assessed at 0, 30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees flexion angles by using a computer-assisted navigation system. Correlation between femorotibial rotational position and measured soft tissue balance was assessed by using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Rotational soft-tissue balance (the median angle of rotational stress) was significantly correlated with rotational kinematics (rotational axis of the femur relative to the tibia throughout the range of motion) at all measured angles after TKA. The correlation coefficients between the median angle of rotational stress and rotational kinematics were 0.97, 0.80, 0.74, 0.71, and 0.70 at 0, 30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees of flexion, respectively (p-values <0.0001 in all measured angles). The correlation coefficient increased as the knee approached full extension. Our findings suggest that soft-tissue balance is a key factor for rotational kinematics, following both cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized TKA.
Knee Stability following Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: Comparison of Medial Preserving Gap Technique and Measured Resection Technique
Authors: Tsubosaka Masanori , Muratsu Hirotsugu , Nakano Naoki , Kamenaga Tomoyuki , Kuroda Yuichi , Inokuchi Takao , Miya Hidetoshi , Kuroda Ryosuke , Matsumoto Tomoyuki
Published: May 2021

Novel medial preserving gap technique (MPGT) focuses on medial compartment stability and allows lateral physiological laxity. This study aimed to compare the MPGT with the measured resection technique (MRT) to determine which provides better postoperative knee stability after posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (PS-TKA). Primary PS-TKA, using either MPGT (n = 65) or MRT (n = 65), was performed in 130 patients with varus knee osteoarthritis. Postoperative knee stabilities at extension and flexion were assessed using varus–valgus stress radiographs and stress epicondylar view, respectively (at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively). The distance between the femoral prosthesis and polyethylene insert was measured on each medial and lateral side, defined as the medial joint opening (MJO) and lateral joint opening (LJO), respectively. Decreasing MJO or LJO translated to increasing postoperative stability. The femoral external rotation angle was compared between the two surgical techniques; postoperative knee stability was also compared between the medial and lateral compartments, as well as the surgical techniques. A significant difference was found in the femoral external rotation angle between MPGT (4.2 ± 0.2 degrees) and MRT (3.6 ± 0.1 degrees, p < 0.01). Postoperative MJOs both at extension and flexion were significantly smaller than LJOs using MPGT and MRT at all time points (p < 0.05). MJOs and LJOs at extension using MPGT were significantly smaller than those when using MRT, at 1 and 3 years postoperatively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, MJOs at flexion using MPGT were significantly smaller than those when using MRT at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively (p < 0.05). MPGT provided higher postoperative medial knee stability than MRT both at extension and flexion, even at 3 years after PS-TKA. This suggests that this newly developed surgical technique is a more feasible option than MRT for the preservation of postoperative medial knee stability.
Clerodendrum chinense (Chinese glory bower).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro
Published: May 2021

C. chinense is a highly invasive weed in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. This species has the capacity to move into a habitat and reproduce aggressively by root suckers. C. chinense is classified as a "major weed" in Hawaii, Fiji, Western Samoa, and America Samoa (PIER, 2012) where it grows commonly along roadsides and as an ornamental shrub in gardens. This species rapidly invades pastures and plantations wherever it is planted forming dense thickets that exclude other species (Space and Flynn, 2002; Motooka et al., 2003). In the West Indies, C. chinense is included in lists of invasive species in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and US Virgin Islands (Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong, 2012; González et al., 2012) and is classified as a widespread exotic plant in the Lesser Antilles (including Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent; Broome et al., 2007).
Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa
Published: May 2021

F. convolvulus is a weedy species of gardens, cultivated fields, open habitats, orchards, non-crop areas, waste areas, and disturbed sites. It is well-adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions and soils. This species is a prolific seed producer and has the potential to produce up to 30,000 seeds/plant. Seeds can be dispersed by farm machinery, and water. It is also a common contaminant of wheat and other cereal crops. F. convolvulus is often a serious weed in cereals, vegetables and horticultural crops (FAO, 2015). Currently, it is listed as invasive in the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Australia, New Caledonia, and New Zealand (Webb et al., 1988; MacKee, 1994; Wilson, 2008; Acevedo-Rodriguez and Strong, 2012), but it is also ranked as a serious weed in 20 crops in more than 41 countries around the world (Holm et al., 1991). Distribution.
Thecaphora frezii (peanut smut).
Authors: Rago Alejandro , Paredes Juan Andrés , Ignacio Cazón Luis
Published: May 2021

Thecaphora frezii is the causal agent of peanut smut. The disease was first reported in 1962 in wild peanuts from Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It was first detected in commercial crops in 1995 in the central-northern area of Córdoba province, Argentina. The prevalence of peanut smut has gradually increased. In the 2011/12 growing season, the disease was found in all production fields in Córdoba province and, two years later, it was found in all peanut production areas of Argentina. The increase in the intensity of peanut smut in Argentina has been accompanied by increasing yield losses.
Fatigue Perpetuating Factors as Mediators of Change in a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Targeted Therapy-Related Fatigue in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hyland Kelly A , Nelson Ashley M , Eisel Sarah L , Hoogland Aasha I , Ibarz-Pinilla Javier , Sweet Kendra , Jacobsen Paul B , Knoop Hans , Jim Heather S L
Published: May 2021

Background

Cognitive behavioral therapy for targeted-therapy related fatigue (CBT-TTF) has demonstrated preliminary efficacy in reducing fatigue in patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

Purpose

The aim of the current analyses was to explore whether fatigue perpetuating factors (disturbed sleep/wake cycle, dysregulated activity patterns, maladaptive cognitions about fatigue and cancer, insufficient processing of cancer and treatment, inadequate social support and interactions, heightened fear of cancer progression) changed over time in patients receiving CBT-TTF, and whether the effect of CBT-TTF on fatigue was mediated by these factors.

Methods

Secondary data analyses were conducted from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Patients with CML treated with a TKI who reported moderate to severe fatigue were randomized 2:1 to CBT-TTF delivered via FaceTime for iPad or a waitlist control condition (WLC). Self-report measures of fatigue and fatigue perpetuating factors were obtained before randomization and post-intervention (i.e., approximately 18 weeks later). Mixed model and mediation analyses using bootstrap methods were used.

Results

A total of 36 participants (CBT-TTF n = 22, WLC n = 14) who had baseline and 18-week follow-up data and attended >5 sessions for CBT-TTF were included. Participants randomized to CBT-TTF reported improvements in activity (mental, physical, social, p’s ≤ .023) and cognitions (helplessness, catastrophizing, focusing on symptoms, self-efficacy, p’s ≤ .003) compared to WLC. Mental activity, social activity, self-efficacy, helplessness, and focusing on symptoms, as well as sleep and insufficient processing (avoidance) mediated the relationship between treatment group and fatigue.

Conclusions

CBT-TTF appears to improve TKI-related fatigue in CML patients through changes in behavior (sleep, activity patterns) and cognitions about fatigue and cancer. A larger randomized controlled trial is warranted to confirm these findings.
Sociodemographic and Health Belief Model Factors Associated with Nonadherence to COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies in the United States
Authors: Badr Hoda , Oluyomi Abiodun , Woodard LeChauncy , Zhang Xiaotao , Raza Syed Ahsan , Adel Fahmideh Maral , El-Mubasher Ola , Amos Christopher A
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose

Virus mitigation strategies such as adhering to stay-at-home orders, practicing social distancing, and engaging in personal protective behaviors are central to slowing the spread of COVID-19. This population-based cohort study sought to identify sociodemographic characteristics and Health Belief Model factors that are associated with nonadherence to COVID-19 mitigation strategies with the goal of informing public health messaging campaigns.

Methods

An online population-based survey was distributed via social media over an 8-week period from April 13, 2020, to June 8, 2020.

Results

Data were derived from 2,222 adults (57% female; 40% racial/ethnic minorities). Univariate analyses revealed that men, younger aged (18–30 years) and unmarried adults, and noncollege educated individuals had lower levels of perceived threat, control, and knowledge about COVID-19 (p ≤ .001). Multivariable linear regression models further revealed that male gender was significantly associated with reporting lower levels of adherence to COVID-19 mitigation strategies (p < .001), and that higher levels of perceived threat, perceived control, and knowledge about how to keep oneself and others safe from COVID-19 were significantly associated with reporting higher levels of adherence to COVID-19 mitigation strategies (p < .01).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that public health appeals that target men, emphasize individual risk, and provide clear, consistent guidance on what individuals can do to decrease their risk for COVID-19 may be effective in motivating increased mitigation adherence.