bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Igbo Slang Expressions in Literature: Exploring a New Igbo Literature
Authors: Okafor-Maduka Chisom Nneamaka
Published: January 2025

Over the years, slang expressions generally have been looked at as language of the never-do-good in the society, especially among the youths inspired by constant abuse of hard drugs and other dangerous substance. Yet, these expressions have gained wide acceptance among speakers of the language both home and abroad and even among the adults these days. Igbo slang is not left out of this revolution. In recent times, Igbo Literature has experienced a dwindling growth in readership especially among Igbo youth and young scholars. This has resulted heavily in the decline in production of Igbo Literature thereby fueling the lack of content and thenes in Igbo Literature. This paper therefore,  looked at the possibility of engaging Igbo slang in Igbo Literature to know if this may help attract readership for Igbo Literature. To do this some Igbo slangs mainly used at Sokoto Road Main Market Onitsha Anambra State Nigeria, were collected and analysed. This area was chosen because the city is redpponsible for 90% of the Igbo slang spoken in Onitsha. Other data were collected from Igbo Hip-hop because artistes use these slangs in their craft. It was discovered that indeed if these expressions are brought  into the Igbo Literature; they would make reading more fun for students as they can easily relate with the text’s language. Furthermore, they would be useful to the younger generation of scholars most especially Igbo scholars because it will open a new and better genre of creative writing and encourage others to write.
Traditional and Religious Leaders Knowledge of Medical and Health Consequences of Early Marriage in Sokoto State Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Maigemu Ahmad , Khalid Suleman
Published: January 2025

Traditional and religious leaders play a key role in addressing many vital social problems including girl child marriage. A girl child marriage is a marriage conducted before the age of 18. This study identifies traditional and religious leader’s knowledge of medical and health consequences of early marriage in Sokoto state, Nigeria. The study is purely qualitative and employed In Depth Interview (IDI) to interrogate traditional and religious leader’s knowledge on medical and health implication of girl child marriage. Interviews were conducted with a total of 48 respondents made up of 18 religious leaders and 30 traditional leaders. The study found out that early marriage has both medical and health consequences to girl child. The study recommend that there is a need to develop methods to protect girls at risk of child marriage and to address the concerns of girls and women who are already married by ensuring the fulfillment of their right to a full education and providing that with life skills based training to ensure that they can earn a livelihood.
Forecasting Sea Cucumber Catches Using the ARIMA Method
Authors: Jehanus Maria Oktaviani , Wulandari Lusi Mei Cahya , Bellanov Agrienta
Published: January 2025

Sea cucumbers are marine resources that have a significant ecological role and important economic value. UD. Matahari Jalan Sukolilo Baru II, Bulak District, Surabaya is an MSME that processes sea cucumber catches and sells them to various distributors, including trading abroad. The catch of sea cucumbers obtained by fishermen in uncertain quantities, every subsequent period. Therefore, the results of sea cucumber fishing are known to be influenced by several factors, one of which is climatic factors such as temperature, humidity and tides. The research was conducted to predict the uncertain catch of sea cucumbers with the ARIMA method to obtain effective modeling and equations. Forecasting can help determine the right period by using one of the methods that correspond to the sequence of time. The ARIMA method is an approach used in time series analysis to model and forecast data arranged in a specific order. Predict the catch of sea cucumbers by looking at the smallest error, and the catch of sea cucumbers after forecasting in the next period. The result of the selection of the best ARIMA model from the humidity variable is (1,1,1) more significant and effective for sea cucumber fishing in the short term (1.2 days) in the rainy season, with the smallest error of 271.11. The forecast results in April 2024 for the 107 period are 268.42 kg, the forecast data is close to the actual data in the previous period.
Application of the Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) Model in Design and Development of Educational Games for Dyslexic Children
Authors: Oktaviani Yohana Christela , Wahyuningsih Yulia , Kristianto Ryan Putranda
Published: January 2025

Dyslexia is a type of Specific Learning Disorder that causes letter recognition and reading difficulties. In Indonesia, the prevalence of Dyslexia ranges from 3-10%, predominantly affecting school-aged children. Early intervention is crucial for Dyslexic children, as the academic demands increase with each school level. With the rapid advancement of technology, the author has been motivated to develop an intervention application for Dyslexic children aged 6-8 years in the form of an educational game. This educational game is developed using the Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) model, ensuring that each stage of development complies with specified requirements and meets quality standards. The game also incorporates the Gillingham-Stillman multisensory learning method, which helps Dyslexic children learn letter recognition, reading, and writing from the basics. It employs visual, auditory, and tactile sensory input across four main features: letter recognition, reading, writing, and a quiz, which integrates the learning elements from the previous features. In addition to the Gillingham-Stillman method, the game includes a Character Recognition technology that matches the child’s handwriting input with predefined templates. The game undergoes testing using two methods: Black Box Testing and Usability Testing. The results indicate that applying the GDLC model successfully produces a high-quality educational game tailored to the needs of Dyslexic children. This is supported by Black Box Testing, which confirms that all functional features operate correctly, and Usability Testing which yields an average score of 86.2%.
Investigating Drip Infusion Speed Control: A Study of Weight and Pinch Methods Concerning Subject Variations
Authors: Agustine Lanny , Astarini Made Indra Ayu , Manungkalit Maria , Pranjoto Hartono
Published: January 2025

An infusion drip system that utilizes a clamp method to control the drip rate has not yet achieved a consistent drip rate across different subjects. The condition was that each movement of the pinch valve did not consistently stimulate the release of one drop of liquid. In this study, tests were conducted with variations in the pinch-release period (3 seconds, 2.5 seconds, 2 seconds, and 1.5 seconds) and variations in the release pinch valve duration (55 milliseconds, 60 milliseconds, 65 milliseconds, 70 milliseconds, and 75 milliseconds). The testing involved 15 participants, including 100 cc of NaCl infusion fluid for 1-2 hours. The results indicated two variations in drip speed among all test subjects: it required either two ticks to produce one drop of infusion (the dominant outcome) or just one tick. Based on tests with healthy participants and their responses to questionnaires, it was concluded that the device was quite comfortable to use with the release pinch valve duration of 60-70 milliseconds and a pinch-release period of 2 seconds, 2.5 seconds, or 3 seconds.
Enhancing Indonesian Konnyaku Quality: A Process Optimization Approach
Authors: Trihastuti Dian , Gunawan Ivan , Mulyana Ig. Jaka , Mulyono Julius
Published: January 2025

Konnyaku, a traditional Japanese food made from the porang tuber (Amorphophallus konjac), is known for its unique texture and health benefits. Despite its growing popularity, limited research has optimized the processing conditions for producing high-quality konnyaku, particularly regarding its physical and organoleptic properties. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effects of boiling temperature, boiling time, and water-to-porang (W/P) ratio on the hardness and sensory attributes (taste, color, and texture) of konnyaku. A factorial experimental design was used, and data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the optimal processing conditions for the highest sensory acceptance and hardness were a boiling temperature of 100°C, a boiling time of 30 minutes, and a W/P ratio of 1:4, yielding a hardness of 1788.26 g-force. All three factors significantly impacted the organoleptic properties, with distinct interactions observed between the parameters. This study provides critical insights for enhancing konnyaku production and contributes to the sustainable development of the porang industry by promoting efficient local processing techniques.
Assessing the performance of different variations of ensembled tree models in chlorophyll concentration prediction
Authors: Nelson  , Tjen Jimmy , Hoendarto Genrawan
Published: January 2025

Severe microalgae blooming is detrimental towards human life and the aquatic ecosystem in which it is blooming uncontrollably in. Chlorophyll concentration is a common parameter used to predict microalgal bloom. In this study, a variety of ensembled tree models which consists of random forest, gradient boosting frameworks, specifically XGBoost and LightGBM, and extra trees were implemented to predict amounts of chlorophyll concentration that can be found in running water. A comparison was also made between the models to find which performs the best in prediction and computational time. The comparison was conducted by comparing the NRMSE of each model and the average computing time. Each of the model’s hyperparameters has been tuned with the help of random search, as a method for hyper-parameter optimization. The results were as such: random forest took 16.95 ms to compute and the result of the NRMSE was 0.75, XGBoost took 8.28 ms to compute and the result of the NRMSE was 0.71, LightGBM took 2.81 ms to compute and the result of the NRMSE was 0.63, and extra trees took 17.15 ms to compute and the result of the NRMSE was 0.72. The comparison showed that both of the gradient boosting based frameworks performed better compared to both random forest and extra trees. Specifically, LightGBM performed the best in terms of both predictive performance and computational time. The results of this study serves as a purpose to find a faster alternative with similar or better accuracy compared to random forest as a baseline in predicting chlorophyll concentration.
Dynamic Modeling Analysis of a Three-Stage Batch System: A Case of Madiun Pecel Sauce Production
Authors: Widdy Tri PRASETYO Vinsensius , Dian INDRAWATI Chatarina , Theresia Liris WINDYANINGRUM , Setya MURDAPA Petrus
Published: January 2025

Madiun pecel sauce is renowned for its distinctive taste; however, home-based producers face challenges in maintaining consistent supply due to traditional, manual, and batch-based production methods. The production process, which consists of three main sub-processes—roasting, crushing, and mixing—often leads to inefficiencies and bottlenecks, particularly in the roasting stage. This study develops a system dynamics model to analyze the current production process and identify areas for improvement. By connecting three single-batch models, with the third model incorporating an "assembly" process to represent mixing, the model provides a comprehensive framework for enhancing production capacity. Compared to traditional mathematical models based on queuing theory or discrete simulation, the system dynamics approach offers greater simplicity and flexibility. Verification of the model demonstrates that it accurately reflects expected behaviors, serving as a valuable tool for producers to make informed decisions and improve their operations without compromising the traditional taste of Madiun pecel sauce.
Building Damage Detection Based on Earthquake Impact and Gradient Boosting Method
Authors: Dwitama Elvan Felix , Hoendarto Genrawan , Tjen Jimmy
Published: January 2025

Damage to buildings often occurs, and one of the causes is natural disaster such as earthquakes. Earthquakes frequently result in significant damage to buildings, causing financial losses due to damage to building facilities and even loss of life. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the damage to buildings to determine the extent of the damage. This research proposed an algorithm for detecting building damage using gradient boosting method. This method is similar to decision tree approach, but the decisions tree re-evaluated, resulting in smaller and more accurate data. For this analysis, the dataset was divided into two parts: training set and testing set. 80% of the dataset was used as training data, while 20% was used as testing data. After thorough data preprocessing, the gradient boosting method achieved an accuracy of 60.86% from large number of datasets compared to other methods, such as decision trees and random forests, the decision tree tends to overfit or underfit, especially with complex data. Meanwhile, the random forest method is generally faster and less prone to overfitting on large datasets. However, Gradient Boosting (GB) can achieve better accuracy, particularly for complex datasets. This result is indicating the effectiveness of the gradient boosting method. Despite the large and complex dataset, where prediction results can sometimes vary, the outcomes demonstrate good performance. Future research should focus on refining datasets and optimizing the parameters used for predicting building damage.
Optimization Bread Distribution Scheduling To Minimize Repeated Distribution
Authors: Damayanti Florencia Agatha , Wulandari Lusi Mei Cahya , Purba Lasman Parulian
Published: January 2025

This The bread industry has seen advancements in distribution, making bread products easier to transport. With the implementation of delivery orders and effective picking processes, the bread industry can streamline the shipping process and make it easier for customers to obtain bread products. To address inefficiencies in distribution, companies can manage data related to bread, orders, and sales. In this context, Toko Roti XYZ, which has three branches (Branch A, Branch B, and Branch C), faces challenges in the distribution process. The unpredictability of bread demand at these branches is a major cause of repetitive distribution. Forecasting bread demand from these branches was performed using fuzzy time series, moving average, and exponential smoothing methods to determine the quantity of products to be distributed. Subsequently, distribution optimization was carried out using the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) method to achieve an optimal delivery schedule that affects distribution costs with a minimum result. The forecasting results with the smallest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) were obtained using the moving average method, with an error of 23% for large bread and 9% for small bread from Branch A, an error of 17% for large bread and 14% for small bread from Branch B, and an error of 22% for large bread and 14% for small bread from Branch C. In the VRP method, number 1 represents the depot/production place, number 2 represents Branch A, number 3 represents Branch B, and number 4 represents Branch C. The scheduling routes obtained were 1-3-2-1 and 1-4-1, with a maximum of two distributions for the two available vehicles. With these optimizations, Toko Roti XYZ was able to save distribution costs by Rp. 35,492 and reduce distribution time by 116 minutes per day compared to the previous condition. Additionally, the optimization allowed Toko Roti XYZ to reduce total carbon emissions by 5,342 kg CO₂ per year.
Humours and their Legacy in Early Buddhist Medicine
Authors: Divino Federico
Published: January 2025

In this paper, I analyze the Buddhist humoral theory primarily presented in the suttas of the Pāli Canon through a comparative study with other medical theories developed within the Indo-European tradition, specifically Hippocratic and Āyurvedic medicine. The aim is to trace possible historical developments of a humoral conception that originates from an Indo-European duality between fire and water, with these elements serving as the original core of humoral theory. The text therefore offers a detailed examination of the mechanisms of the three humours in the medical theory as articulated in the Pāli Canon, and draws parallels with Āyurveda and, where possible, with Greek medicine. In Hippocratic medicine, the fundamental elements πῦρ and ὕδωρ are possibly recognized as remnants of an ancient Indo-European binary concept, a concept also preserved in Āyurvedic theory through the universal principles of Agni and Soma, which classify the properties of foods and characteristics of diseases. Can we find similar traces of such a classification in Buddhist humours? By exploring this question, we aim to outline in greater depth the role of humors in the Pāli suttas, enriching our understanding of the archaic medical theory that these suttas bear witness to.
Effect of salt stress on the growth and development of six species of turf grasses in the eastern region of Morocco
Authors: Charif Khadija , Rimani Maria , Mzabri Ibtissam , Otouya Said , Kouddane Noureddine , Touzani Rachid , Rhazi Larbi , Gotor Alicia Ayerdi , Berrichi Abdelbasset
Published: January 2025

The turfgrass plays a crucial role in landscaped ecosystems, including sports fields, golf courses, residential lawns, and parks. However, various turfgrass species face diverse abiotic stresses, including salinity as irrigation with fresh water becomes unavailable. These challenging environmental conditions can result in growth inhibition, damage to cellular structure, and metabolic disturbances. Therefore, the use of salt-tolerant turfgrass species or varieties proves to be one of the most effective methods to mitigate salinity issues. With this aim, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at the experimental station of the Faculty of Sciences in Oujda. The objective was to investigate the impact of saline stress on the morphological and physiological behavior of six grass species widely used in green spaces in Morocco, particularly in the eastern region irrigated with 3 concentrations of saline water. The results revealed that the species A. stolonifera, F. arundinacea, and C. dactylon exhibited some tolerance to salinity, especially at a dose of 3 g/l of NaCl, while the species L. perenne was found to be the most sensitive to saline stress, regardless of the applied dose. Concentrations of 6 g/l and 9 g/l of NaCl led to the decline of all studied species six months after application.
Encapsulation of vegetable oils in polylactic acid nanofibers to improve oil retencion in feed aquaculture
Authors: Alcantara Aline Moreira de , Boaventura Tulio Pacheco , Paulino Renan Rosa , Rosa Priscila Vieira e , Ugucioni Julio Cesar , Oliveira Juliano Elvis
Published: January 2025

The feed used in fish farming contains lipids that erode and disperse in water, adversely affecting fish nutrition and contributing to water pollution. This study evaluated the encapsulation of corn and gold linseed oils in polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers produced via Solution Blow Spinning. The nanofibers were characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), contact angle analysis, and encapsulation efficiency tests. Additionally, the release profiles of the oils were studied under simulated tank water and gastrointestinal conditions. The results demonstrated successful encapsulation of the oils within the PLA matrix. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of oil in the nanofibers (wavenumbers 2925 and 2853 cm-1), with encapsulation efficiencies ranging from 81.54±10.36% to 99.14±4.55%. SEM revealed uniform nanofiber morphology with smooth surfaces and average diameters between 157±49 and 385±133 nm. All nanofibers exhibited contact angles above 90°, indicating hydrophobic behavior. Feed samples containing free oils showed significantly higher lipid release into water compared to feed incorporating encapsulated oils. The findings suggest that encapsulating vegetable oils in PLA nanofibers reduces lipid dispersion in water while maintaining nutrient availability. This polymeric system offers a sustainable alternative to enhance aquaculture feed efficiency and reduce environmental impacts, contributing to cleaner water and healthier fish.
Preparation of chemically crosslinked chitosan hydrogels with adipic acid and EDAC carbodiimide: Tailored biomaterials for multifunctional applications
Authors: Martins Talita , Junior Ezequiel de Souza Costa , Nunes Eduardo Henrique Martins
Published: January 2025

Hydrogels are versatile biomaterials with significant potential in agriculture, food preservation, and biomedical applications. Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers that can absorb and retain large amounts of water or biological fluids. Among the polymers suitable for hydrogel synthesis, chitosan is particularly notable due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties. This study investigates chitosan characteristics, focusing on its various properties and how they influence its potential applications in the synthesis of chitosan hydrogels crosslinked with adipic acid using the water-soluble carbodiimide N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) to develop multifunctional films for practical applications. The raw materials were characterized using potentiometric titration, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The hydrogels were analyzed for morphology and crystallinity through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FTIR and XRD, comparing samples with and without the addition of the carbodiimide crosslinker. Quantitative analysis of swelling behavior was also conducted using standard buffer solutions. The results showed that crosslinking with adipic acid enhanced the crystallinity of chitosan, while the inclusion of EDAC reduced crystallinity and the degree of swelling, indicating improved crosslinking between polymer chains. These changes in structural and functional properties demonstrate the adaptability of these hydrogels for specific applications. This study underscores the potential of chitosan-based hydrogels as advanced biomaterials.
Pre-grafting treatments of plant fatty acid extract, seaweed (Ascophylum nodosum L.) and micronized calcite increase the grafting success in grapevine propagation
Authors: Sabir Ali
Published: January 2025

Globally increasing interest in environmentally sound viticulture in precision agriculture promoted the viticulturists to find eco-friendly treatments in both vineyards and nurseries. The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible effects of plant oil extract (as plant activator), seaweed (Ascophylum nodosum L.) extract, calcium oxide and iron chelate on callusing degree on graft union point and final take of ‘Trakya Ilkeren’ table grape cultivar grafted on 110 Richter (Berlandieri x Rupestris) rootstock. Bud break and shoot emergence commenced earlier in grafts subjected to pre-grafting immersion into iron chelate and plant oil extract during graft union room duration than those of nontreated control grafts. The greatest degree in callusing of graft union point was obtained from plant oil extract (3.8), which was closely followed by seaweed (3.7), while, on the other hand, control and immersing the graft materials into iron chelate had the lowest effect with the same value (2.2). The highest percentage of graft final take was obtained from plant oil extract (75%), followed by seaweed treatment (55%), while control and iron chelate grafts were as low as 45 and 44%, respectively. Overall findings indicated that immersing the scion canes and rootstock cuttings into plant seed oil before grafting could be recommended to increase the nursery grafting success.
Economy and empirical research perspectives towards Artificial Intelligence: A deep dive investigative exploration analysis
Authors: Akhtar Zarif Bin , Rawol Ahmed Tajbiul
Published: January 2025

The transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has sparked significant interest across economic and empirical research domains, inspiring investigations into its impacts on productivity, labor markets, economic growth, and policy adaptation. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of AI's economic implications, focusing on its integration into diverse sectors and its measurable effects on economic performance. Through a multi-dimensional approach, we explore AI’s role in enhancing productivity and efficiency, reshaping workforce dynamics, and influencing the distribution of economic benefits. Supported by recent empirical studies and quantitative analyses, this research highlights AI’s capacity to drive innovation while examining its challenges, such as labor displacement, income inequality, and skill gaps. Case studies and data-driven insights provide evidence of AI’s role in fostering new economic models, underscoring its dual potential to stimulate growth and exacerbate disparities. Furthermore, the study delves into the evolving landscape of policy responses, analyzing how different regulatory frameworks influence AI’s integration and impact across economies. By offering nuanced perspectives on AI’s transformative effects, this investigation identifies key trends and areas requiring further research, including the long-term implications for developing economies and global inequality. The findings aim to equip policymakers, researchers, and industry leaders with evidence-based insights to navigate AI’s complexities, ensuring sustainable and inclusive economic advancement in an AI-driven future.
Caring in AI: Considering the LIDA model
Authors: Russell Suereth
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this article is to consider whether caring can be designed into an artificial intelligence system. Caring is complex. In our daily lives, caring takes several forms and occurs in various ways. This article discusses human caring and how caring has been a vital aspect of our lives since our early ancestors. The research focuses on the form of care a healthcare worker may provide in a clinic or hospital. The research considers whether this attentive form of caring can be designed into AI systems. The approach of this research is to consider a specific AI design known as the LIDA model. The research describes the cognitive cycle and the global workspace within the LIDA model. It also depicts elements in the LIDA model that can be associated with caring. The findings show that caring can occur through gestures and movements. The findings also show that a LIDA agent can perform such gestures and movements and offer an appearance of caring. The findings suggest that a LIDA agent, configured in a particular way, could be a carer in some caring situations. The practical benefit of this research is to show that the LIDA model can be a starting point for designing care in AI systems. Through this research, we may uncover elements of caring that already exist within the LIDA model and can be employed in a caring AI agent.
Effect of environmental conditions on the properties of plasma-pretreated glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites
Authors: Lim Choon Yuen , Hausmann Stanislawa , Ohms Gisela
Published: January 2025

The aim of the work was to further improve the properties of fiber composite materials through an additional plasma treatment integrated into the manufacturing process. For this purpose, glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite materials were manufactured using the vacuum infusion process. In some of the samples, the biaxial glass fiber fabric was pretreated with an air plasma generated in a dielectric barrier discharge. All samples were exposed to temperature changes, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and NaCl and KOH solutions and then examined for their mechanical properties. Compared to the reference samples, the plasma-treated samples showed slightly better mechanical properties. The strength values determined in tensile, compression, and bending tests were several percent higher. Thermal stress and UV radiation did not lead to a loss of mechanical performance. The effect of NaCl and KOH solutions deteriorated the mechanical properties. Although the comparatively better mechanical properties of the plasma-treated samples were retained after the different treatments, the stability of the composite material against aggressive environmental conditions was not significantly improved.
Variation in attributable fraction of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among primary liver cancer cases across mainland China: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Chunqing , Liu Zhenqiu , Wei Feixue , de Martel Catherine , Chen Wanqing , Clifford Gary M.
Published: January 2025

Aim: Our objective was to describe variations in attributable fractions (AFs) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) to primary liver cancer (PLC) across mainland China.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published up to July 2024 in PubMed, Embase, WanFang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Eligible studies reported the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection, alone and in combination, in PLC. AFs of HBV, HCV, and non-viral etiology in PLC were estimated by province and, when possible, by sex, age, histological diagnosis, and study periods. Regional and overall AFs were estimated by weighting by provincial and regional population size. Publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed by funnel plots of AFs of HBV, HCV, and non-viral etiology in PLC cases, using Egger test by study size.

Results: We included 240 studies with 71,905 PLC cases from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across mainland China. AFs of HBV, HCV, and non-viral etiology for PLC across mainland China were 76.5%, 6.6%, and 16.9%, respectively. The AFs of HBV and HCV varied by region, with HBV AFs ranging from 68.7% in Northwest China to 82.9% in South Central China. Respective HCV AFs ranged from 12.7% in Northeast China down to 3.7% in South Central China. Non-viral AFs ranged from 13.4% to 21.0% by region. AFs of non-viral etiology were 57.9% in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and AF of HBV was double prevalence ratio (PR), 2.11 (95%CI: 1.89-2.34) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, 76.3%) than ICC (37.3%) cases. Prevalence of HBV was higher in male (83.9%) than female (74.6%) PLC cases, and the mean age at diagnosis was 10 years higher for PLC with HCV (64.9 years) than HBV (54.4 years).

Conclusion: HBV, HCV, and non-viral AFs varied substantially by region across China, as well as by sex and age, which can inform strategies for liver cancer prevention and control.
Deep learning for automated spinopelvic parameter measurement from radiographs: a meta-analysis
Authors: Glaser Dylan , AlMekkawi Ahmad K. , Caruso James P. , Chung Candace Y. , Khan Eshal Z. , Daadaa Hicham M. , Aoun Salah G. , Bagley Carlos A.
Published: January 2025

Aim: Quantitative measurement of spinopelvic parameters from radiographs is important for assessing spinal disorders but is limited by the subjectivity and inefficiency of manual techniques. Deep learning may enable automated measurement with accuracy rivaling human readers.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant studies. Eligible studies were published in English, used deep learning for automated spinopelvic measurement from radiographs, and reported performance against human raters. Mean absolute errors and correlation coefficients were pooled in a meta-analysis.

Results: Fifteen studies analyzing over 10,000 radiographs met the inclusion criteria, employing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and other deep learning architectures. Pooled mean absolute errors were 4.3° [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2-5.4] for Cobb angle, 3.9° (95%CI 2.7-5.1) for thoracic kyphosis, 3.6° (95%CI 2.8-4.4) for lumbar lordosis, 1.9° (95%CI 1.3-2.5) for pelvic tilt (PT), 4.1° (95%CI 2.7-5.5) for pelvic incidence (PI), and 1.3 cm (95%CI 0.9-1.7) for sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Intraclass correlation coefficients exceeded 0.81, indicating strong agreement between automated and manual measurements.

Conclusion: Deep learning demonstrates promising accuracy for automated spinopelvic measurement, potentially rivaling experienced human readers. However, further optimization and rigorous multicenter validation are required before clinical implementation. These technologies may eventually improve the efficiency and reliability of quantitative spine image analysis.
Legal Framework and Employee Liability in Banking Compliance and Crime Prevention: The Case Analysis of Indonesia
Authors: Thalib Prawitra , Kurniawan Faizal , Maghfirah Salsabila Syauqina , Kholiq Mohamad Nur
Published: January 2025

These banking crimes, such as fictitious credit, are a significant issue in the banking sector. These crimes involve fraud, such as collusion between bank personnel and affected consumers, leading to losses for banks, clients, the public, and the government. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal implications of employee misconduct in banking, particularly in non-performing loans, focusing on prudential banking principles and statutory regulations. This study used a legal research method with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The study reveals the role of bank employees in ensuring bank compliance and preventing banking crimes. It highlights the responsibilities of Credit Decision Makers, Credit Analysts/Marketing, and Credit Administration in ensuring compliance with prudential principles. The author suggests that violations of Article 49 paragraph (2) letter a in Indonesia Banking Law should be classified as banking crimes rather than corruption crimes. A proactive approach from all banking elements, including internal audits and government support, is needed to prevent such crimes. The study also concludes that the legal liabilities of bank employees in non-performing loan cases primarily stem from breaches of prudential principles
Experimental Characterization of Contact Stiffness for Fixture Design
Authors: Hirano Kaho , Mori Kotaro , Matsubara Atsushi
Published: January 2025

When cutting flexible metal workpieces, the mechanical characteristics of the fixture play a crucial role in suppressing deformation and vibration. Previously, the influence of fixture design elements on workpiece vibration has been studied with the aim of gaining a fundamental understanding of the phenomenon. Meanwhile, there has been limited research on the contact area between the fixture and workpiece, and there is a need for further research to understand the phenomenon and establish design guidelines for fixtures. In this paper, an experimental approach is proposed to characterize the relationship between stress on the contact surface and the resulting displacement. The main goal is to analyze the influence of contact surface shape and material on the deformation (or vibration) of the fixture and the workpiece. To this end, an on-machine measurement device was introduced. This device was used to obtain displacement-load curves without setup errors for materials such as PTFE, MC nylon, and aluminum alloy, as well as contact surface shapes such as flat or conical. From the obtained curves, the repeatability stability of the fixture was qualitatively evaluated. When using MC nylon, the plastic deformation was minimal even when loads were applied multiple times under flat conditions or conical conditions with a tip angle of 170° or more. This indicates that these contact conditions are stable as fixtures. On the other hand, when using PTFE, buckling occurred due to its low Young’s modulus, and the workpiece was damaged when using aluminum alloy. This suggests that these materials are not suitable for use as fixtures in this paper. For a more quantitative evaluation, an assessment based on contact stiffness was conducted. The displacement-load curves were modeled using a power-law function, following existing elastoplastic models. The contact stiffness was calculated from the slope of the tangent line to the displacement-load curve at maximum load. When using MC nylon as the material, the contact stiffness was found to be a maximum of 6×106 N/m. Furthermore, the rate of change of contact stiffness during loading and unloading was used to quantitatively evaluate the fixture stability.
Static and Dynamic Measurements of Spindle System During Rotation by Noncontact Electromagnetic Loading System
Authors: Yamato Shuntaro , Yokohara Kazuma , Nara Yuki , Matsubara Atsushi
Published: January 2025

The static and dynamic characteristics of the spindle system significantly influence machining accuracy and efficiency. High static and dynamic stiffnesses and thermal stability are required for high-precision and high-efficiency machining. The dynamics of spindle systems are affected by centrifugal forces and thermal expansion in response to spindle rotation. A noncontact electromagnetic loading (EML) system has great potential for measuring spindle characteristics under rotational conditions. This study presents a state-of-the-art design and performance of the EML system, which is an improvement on the system used in previous studies. Detailed experimental design and signal processing are shown for static and dynamic performance measurements, including advanced hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the intermittent milling process using the developed EML system. Some of the representative results of each test are presented, and future research questions are discussed.
Investigation of Effect of Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties in Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Hirono Yoko , Mori Takanori , Kawakami Hiroyuki , Ueda Masahiro , Kono Daisuke
Published: January 2025

Directed energy deposition (DED) is one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies, particularly for partial coating, repairing, and dissimilar metal depositing. However, determining the optimal deposition parameters to achieve desired shapes and mechanical properties is challenging because of the complex process of repeated melting and solidification driven by thermal energy. While some studies have focused on the cooling rate and its impact on mechanical properties, they have not evaluated the range within which the cooling rates vary. In this study, we investigated a range of cooling rates and their influence on hardness in DED under practical conditions using austenitic stainless steel SUS316L. The primary objective was to control the hardness of the deposited part by adjusting the cooling rate. Among the factors influencing hardness, grain size is particularly affected by cooling rates. Therefore, this study focused on grain size to evaluate the effects of DED technology. We proposed a method to calculate the cooling rate based on temperature distribution in the melt pool, captured by a camera coaxial with the laser beam. We varied the interpass dwell time, the resting interval between deposition layers, and investigated its effects on cooling rate and hardness. Additionally, the surface temperature of the workpiece during deposition was measured with a thermal camera. Results showed that while the dwell time did not significantly affect the calculated micro cooling rate, the deposition height had a notable impact. Conversely, the macroscopic temperature change was influenced by the dwell time. The cooling rate ranged from 3×103°C/s to 10×103°C/s, with hardness varying between 160 HV and 220 HV, and a linear correlation was observed between them.
Características anatómicas del canal nasopalatino en adultos: un estudio de tomografías computarizadas Cone Beam en una muestra peruana
Authors:   , Levano Miranda Gerardo Raffael
Published: January 2025

Introducción: Conocer las estructuras anatómicas relacionadas a la maxila anterior es esencial para prever las complicaciones ante los procedimientos de cirugías orales y maxilofaciales. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las características anatómicas del canal nasopalatino (CNP) en adultos mediante tomografías computarizadas cone beam (TCCB). Material y métodos: Este estudio retrospectivo incluyó una muestra de 195 TCCB de adultos peruanos (56,4% mujeres) de 19 a 60 años (edad media: 43,73 ± 11,16). Los cortes sagitales del CNP fueron seleccionados para su medición por un evaluador calibrado (coeficiente de correlación intraclase ≥ 0,817) en función de la longitud (mm), la inclinación en grados (°) y tipo (vertical < 10° e inclinado ≥ 10°), el diámetro inferior y la forma (cilíndrica, embudo, reloj de arena y huso). Las pruebas de Anova, Kruskal-Wallis, T de Student, U de Mann-Whitney, correlación de Spearman y Chi-cuadrado fueron utilizadas a un nivel de significancia de P < 0,05. Resultados: El CNP se caracterizó por una longitud de 10,91 ± 2,38 mm, un diámetro de 3,46 ± 0,93 mm, un ángulo de inclinación de 19,17 ± 8,26° con una inclinación predominante ≥ 10° (85,6%) y una forma cilíndrica (55,4%). Un mayor diámetro se asoció a los varones, mientras que una mayor inclinación relacionó a las mujeres (P = 0,008 y P = 0,002; respectivamente). No se encontró diferencias significativas cuando los parámetros del CNP se compararon según la edad o entre sí (P > 0,05). Conclusiones: El estudio describió las características anatómicas del CNP de una muestra de adultos peruanos con dentición anterosuperior y su dimorfismo sexual en relación con el diámetro y la inclinación.
Correlación de las dimensiones del seno frontal con las longitudes maxilar y mandibular en individuos de Perú y Brasil. Un estudio transversal
Authors:   , Aguilar Trujillo Javier Stephano , Salazar Granda Diego Alejandro
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Determinar la correlación de las dimensiones del seno frontal con las longitudes maxilar y mandibular en radiografías laterales de cabeza de individuos latinoamericanos de Perú y Brasil. Materiales y Métodos: Este estudio de correlación evaluó 200 radiografías laterales de cabeza de individuos peruanos (n=100) y brasileños (n=100) entre 15 a 20 años. Dos investigadores fueron entrenados y calibrados para realizar todas las mediciones. La medición digital de la altura y el ancho del seno frontal se realizó en un software especializado. Posteriormente, los investigadores midieron la longitud efectiva maxilar (Co-A) y mandibular (Co-Gn). Las pruebas de correlación de Pearson se utilizaron para evaluar la fuerza de asociación. Se trabajó a un nivel de significancia de p<0,05. Resultados: Una correlación significativa se encontró entre la altura del seno frontal con la longitud efectiva maxilar y mandibular (p= 0,013 y p= 0,014 respectivamente). El ancho del seno frontal también mostró relación significativa con la longitud efectiva maxilar y mandibular (p=0,001 y p<0,001 respectivamente). Sin embargo, los resultados de la correlación fueron débiles a moderados para la altura y el ancho del seno frontal con la longitud efectiva maxilar y mandibular. Conclusiones: Las correlaciones entre el ancho y altura del seno frontal y las longitudes efectivas maxilares fueron débiles a moderadas, lo que significa, que, en la mayoría de los casos, mientras las dimensiones maxilares aumenten, las longitudes del seno frontal también lo harán, pero no se modificarán con la misma magnitud.
Хронический лимфоцитарный лейкоз: геномный ландшафт и сигнальные клеточные пути
Authors: Михалева М. А. , Куневич Евгений Олегович , Кувшинов А. Ю. , Волошин С. В.
Published: January 2025

Genomic diagnostic methods, developed and improved in recent decades, allow a deeper understanding of pathogenic diversity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) across all aspects from the concepts of tumor cellular origin and its reactive microenvironment to molecular landscape and genetic prognostic markers. This review discusses clinically significant molecular genetic abnormalities to be considered for risk stratification of CLL patients and personalized treatment decision making. It provides a current view of molecular landscape of CLL including information on cell signaling mechanisms and clinically significant biomarkers. This review also focuses on heterogeneity of CLL clinical course reflecting biological events at the multi-omics level: genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. It also covers the latest technologies and emphasizes the relevance of multi-omic profiling for giving rise to new CLL subclassifications.
Теоретические и практические аспекты изучения фракций BAALC-экспрессирующих гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у больных острыми миелоидными лейкозами с мутациями в гене FLT3
Authors: Мамаев Николай Николаевич , Канунников М. М. , Шакирова А. И. , Бархатов И. М. , Садыков А. М. , Аюбова Б. И. , Гиндина Т. Л. , Власова Ю. Ю. , Бондаренко С. Н.
Published: January 2025

AIM. To study the fractions of BAALC-expressing (BAALC-e) leukemic hematopoietic stem cells (LHSCs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with isolated mutations in the FLT3 gene as well as their combinations with the mutations in the NPM1 gene.
MATERIALS & METHODS. The study enrolled adult AML patients with the common element of having isolated FLT3 mutations in the genome (n = 25). The control group (n = 21) consisted of AML patients with mutations in both FLT3 and NPM1. The patients (n = 46) were aged 18–84 years (median 52 years), there were 26 women and 20 men. Non-random chromosomal aberrations, including those of a complex nature (≥ 3 lesions per metaphase), were identified in 13 patients with isolated FLT3 mutation and in 1 patient with both FLT3 and NPM1 mutations. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the level of BAALC, WT1, and EVI1 expressions by the cells in bone marrow aspirate. Thresholds for distinguishing between high and low levels of BAALC and EVI1 expression were considered to be 31 % and 10 %, respectively, and the thresholds for WT1 and FLT3 allele ratio were 250 copies/104 ABL1 copies and 0.5, respectively.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. An increased BAALC expression level roughly reflecting the fraction size of BAALC-e LHSCs was detected in 20/25 (80 %) patients with isolated FLT3 mutations. This was observed together with an increased level of WT1 (n = 22) and EVI1 (n = 7) expression. In all patients with both FLT3 and NPM1 mutations (control group, n = 21), the BAALC and EVI1 expression levels were below the threshold, which did not affect WT1 expression. This observation suggests to question the random nature of the identified decrease of BAALC and EVI1 expressions, which can be hypothetically accounted for by a low count of CD34-positive LHSCs in the bone marrow of AML patients with NPM1 mutations. Serial measurements of these molecular parameters under therapy for AML with FLT3 +/– NPM1 mutations show the feasibility of their use in assessing the therapy efficacy or the need for its correction, if required.
CONCLUSION. The data presented in this paper clearly indicate that clinical trials need to intensively apply serial analysis of the fractions of BAALC-expressing leukemic HSCs in AML patients with FLT3 mutations. This approach allows for better molecular monitoring of the therapy efficacy for this challenging category of AML patients.