bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethernet Passive Mutual Authentication Scheme on Quantum Networks
Authors: Tian Jianuo , Qin Panke , Zhao Zongqu , Qin Baodong
Published: January 2025

In the context of increasing demand for secure and efficient communication networks, addressing the issue of mutual authentication in ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) has become both valuable and practically significant. This paper proposes a solution based on ideal lattices. The proposed scheme leverages the security of the ring learning with errors (RLWE) problem to establish a robust public-key cryptosystem. By involving ONUs, OLTs, and an SDN controller in the authentication process, it enables mutual authentication through a series of message exchanges facilitated by the SDN controller. Utilizing approximate smooth projection hash functions for secure key exchange and verification, the scheme ensures robust security performance against various attacks, including man-in-the-middle, impersonation, replay, and known key secrecy attacks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed solution introduces minimal delay and maintains a high registration success rate compared to traditional authentication methods. Additionally, this paper explores the convergence of quantum network protocols with EPONs, highlighting their potential to achieve unprecedented levels of communication security. Integrating quantum technology with EPON networks, due to the unique security properties of quantum, can also better prevent man-in-the-middle attacks. Secure interception detection techniques based on fundamental quantum properties provide a fundamental security direction for future communication systems, aligning with the growing interest in quantum-resistant cryptographic protocols.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Project-Based Learning: Teacher Perceptions and Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Ruiz Viruel Sergio , Sánchez Rivas Enrique , Ruiz Palmero Julio
Published: January 2025

This study is based on the development of a design focused on underlining what artificial intelligence can achieve to bring value to learning quality especially when implementing active methodologies, such as project-based learning (PBL). This study analyzed the perceptions of AI-integrated PBL versus non-AI-integrated PBL among teachers in primary, secondary, and higher education. Conducted with a sample of teachers (n = 300), this study investigated perceived effectiveness, the AI-powered personalization of learning, and motivation. A Student’s t-test, as well as normality, homogeneity of variance, and Cohen’s d tests, revealed that AI-enhanced PBL is rated significantly higher than regular PBL without AI, with a Cohen’s d effect size of 1.30, signifying a large impact. These findings underpin the development of an optimized AI-driven PBL model, particularly within both the prototype production and evaluation phases, providing greater autonomy, responsive feedback, and adaptive personalization, all towards advancing a more effective AI-supported pedagogical model of teaching.
Fatigue in Hemodialysis Patients: A Comparative Analysis with Healthy Controls
Authors: Sułkowski Leszek , Matyja Andrzej , Matyja Maciej
Published: January 2025

This study investigates fatigue and quality of life in hemodialysis patients, examining the influence of demographic and clinical factors on these outcomes. A cohort of 115 hemodialysis patients and 112 healthy controls completed the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), the shorter MFIS-5, and the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. The findings indicate that hemodialysis patients experience significantly higher levels of fatigue, which correspond with lower quality of life, particularly in the physical and psychological domains, compared to healthy controls. Male patients reported significantly higher levels of fatigue and lower quality of life scores, whereas younger patients demonstrated relatively better outcomes. Extended dialysis sessions exceeding four hours were associated with poorer social well-being, and educational attainment was positively linked with physical and environmental quality of life domains. However, marital status did not show a significant effect. The study validates the consistency between MFIS and MFIS-5 scores, recommending MFIS-5 for time-sensitive clinical use without compromising accuracy. These results underscore the need for individualized, multi-dimensional approaches to fatigue management in hemodialysis patients, emphasizing interventions that address physical, psychological, and social well-being to enhance overall quality of life. The findings highlight specific factors that may guide tailored support strategies to improve patient outcomes in this population.
Grid-Forming: A Control Approach to Go Further Offshore?
Authors: Alves Rui , Knuppel Thyge , Egea-Àlvarez Agustí
Published: January 2025

Offshore wind farms are increasingly being commissioned farther from shore, and high voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission systems are preferred because of their maturity and reliability. However, as cable length increases, ensuring system stability becomes more challenging, making it essential to investigate shunt reactor compensation configurations and converter control strategies. This study examines three different shunt reactor compensation arrangements and two control strategies, grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL), across three cable lengths (80 km, 120 km, and 150 km). The systems were evaluated based on small-signal stability using disk margins for different active power operating points, and later for different short-circuit ratios (SCR) and X/R. The results demonstrate that the GFM is preferable for longer cables and enhanced stability. The most robust configuration includes a shunt reactor placed in the mid-cable with additional reactors at both ends of the cable, followed by an arrangement with reactors at the beginning and end. The GFM converter control maintained stability across all operating points, cable lengths, and configurations, whereas the stability of the GFL unit was highly dependent on active power injection and struggled under weaker grid conditions. Thus, for longer HVAC cables, it is necessary to employ GFM control units, and it is recommended to use shunt reactors at the cable start and end, as well as at mid-cable, for optimal stability.
Three-Dimensional Dynamic Positioning Using a Novel Lyapunov-Based Model Predictive Control for Small Autonomous Surface/Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Ji Daxiong , Ogbonnaya Somadina Godwin , Hussain Sheharyar , Hussain Ahmad Faraz , Ye Zhangying , Tang Yuangui , Li Shuo
Published: January 2025

Small Autonomous Surface/Underwater Vehicles (S-ASUVs) are gradually attracting attention from related fields due to their small size, low energy consumption, and flexible motion. Existing dynamic positioning (DP) control approaches suffer from chronic restrictions that hinder adaptability to varying practical conditions, rendering performance poor. A new three-dimensional (3D) dynamic positioning control method for S-ASUVs is proposed to tackle this issue. Firstly, a dynamic model for the DP control problem considering thrust allocation was established deriving from dynamic models of S-ASUVs. A novel Lyapunov-based model predictive control (LBMPC) method was then designed. Unlike the conventional Lyapunov-based model predictive control (LMPC), this study used multi-variable proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control as the secondary control law, improving the accuracy and rapidity of the control performance significantly. Both the feasibility and stability were rigorously proved. A series of digital experiments using the S-ASUV model under diverse conditions demonstrate the proposed method’s advantages over existing controllers, affirming satisfactory performances for 3D dynamic positioning in complex environments.
A New Impedance Measurement Method for Wind Farms Considering the Influence of Background Harmonics
Authors: Xue Teng , Wei Ze , Du Xiong , Liu Junliang
Published: January 2025

The impedance of renewable energy stations is crucial for determining system stability. Typically, the impedance is obtained using a measurement method. However, in actual operation, background harmonics at the point of common coupling (PCC) affect the accuracy of the impedance measurement results, which could cause unstable analysis results. Therefore, this paper first analyzes the impact of background harmonics at the PCC on impedance measurement. Then, a novel impedance measurement method, based on the adaptive adjustment coefficient, is proposed. In addition, the design process for the coefficient is presented. By adaptively adjusting the amplitude of the injected perturbation using this coefficient, the proposed measurement method mitigates the effect of background harmonics on the impedance measurement. Finally, simulation results are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)-Based Control for Solving the Misalignment Problem in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Dynamic Wireless Charging Systems
Authors: Rahman Md Sadiqur , Ali Mohd. Hasan
Published: January 2025

Vehicle-to-vehicle dynamic wireless charging (V2V-DWC) represents a modern advancement in electrified transportation, where a specialized charging vehicle delivers power to another vehicle on the move. The rising popularity of this technology can be attributed to the gradual advancements in energy storage technologies and the scarcity of plug-in charging infrastructure. V2V wireless power transfer provides a solution for electric vehicles (EVs) to recharge their batteries while in transit. The existing literature confirms the empirical validation of this concept through analytical and experimental studies, yet the challenge of misalignment remains insufficiently explored. Achieving optimal power transfer in V2V systems necessitates precise alignment of the inductive coils. Lateral misalignment (LTM) occurs due to the deviation of the coils from the proper alignment, leading to significant energy losses. Additionally, the development of effective controllers to address the V2V misalignment problem remains inadequate. This study proposes the development of a neural network-based adaptive fuzzy logic controller (ANFIS) to alleviate the misalignment issues in V2V-DWC systems. A comparative analysis is conducted between the proposed ANFIS controller and the conventional fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to evaluate their performance across various degrees of LTM. The performance of the proposed ANFIS controller is evaluated through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink, supplemented by experimental testing. The results indicate that the proposed ANFIS controller surpasses the FLC in both simulation and experimental contexts in addressing the V2V misalignment challenge.
Framework for Analyzing Spatial Interference in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Networks with Positional Errors
Authors: Kanthasamy Nivetha , Wyglinski Alexander
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a novel framework for evaluating vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication systems, employing beamforming and null steering techniques. Addressing challenges such as electromagnetic interference from other vehicles within the network as well as diverse road conditions, the framework defines the simulation environment for V2V networks across different traffic scenarios to assess system reliability. The analytical components of the proposed framework are structured as follows: a comprehensive framework is developed, serving as the basis for implementing a simulator that leverages advanced spatial signal processing algorithms to evaluate V2V networks across specific scenarios, accounting for the effects of positional errors. The framework integrates multiple blocks, including road modeling, system modeling, and performance evaluation, providing adaptability for different algorithms or configurations. Positional inaccuracies are examined, highlighting their effects on system performance, particularly in scenarios where null steering accuracy is imperfect, thus underscoring the need for enhanced interference management strategies.
Design and Implementation of 3 kW All-SiC Current Source Inverter
Authors: Riegler Benedikt , Hartmann Michael
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the optimal design and implementation of a silicon-carbide (SiC) power semiconductor-based current source inverter (CSI) with a power rating of 3 kW focusing on high power density are discussed in detail. The proposed methodology integrates analytical and numerical techniques to optimize the design of passive components, including filter capacitors and the DC-link inductor, and provides a comprehensive analysis of power semiconductor losses. The losses in the DC-link inductor as well as in the output capacitor are strongly dependent on the modulation strategy. Semi-analytical loss models are therefore derived for the most advanced modulation strategy, which are subsequently used to increase volumetric power density. The theoretical findings are experimentally validated using an ultra-compact, high-efficiency 3 kW three-phase CSI prototype operating at up to 100 kHz switching frequency. The experimental results confirm the efficiency of the proposed design and demonstrate its potential for high-power, compact drive applications.
Phase Change Materials in Electrothermal Conversion Systems: A Review
Authors: Twaróg Rafał , Szatkowski Piotr , Pielichowska Kinga
Published: January 2025

Green energy harvesting is one of the most important and evolving research areas. Solar energy is an inexhaustible and environmentally friendly energy source, and phase change materials (PCMs) are capable of improving photovoltaic devices by heat storage and could have a positive impact on sustainable energy utilization. This review presents the current state of the art on PCMs and their modifications for electrothermal energy conversion applications. The paper focuses on PCMs characteristics and their properties required for electrothermal energy conversion systems, and it presents various methods of PCMs modification intended to obtain multifunctional systems based on these materials as well as electrothermal conversion and energy storage mechanisms and selected applications. The goal of this review is to present different types of PCM modifications to obtain multifunctional PCM-based systems for electrothermal energy conversion.
The Behavior of European Union Companies in Terms of Increasing Energy Efficiency from the Perspective of Achieving Climate Neutrality
Authors: Sztorc Małgorzata
Published: January 2025

This article aims to identify and verify the actions taken by European Union companies related to improving energy efficiency with the requirements of the Fit for 55 packages and striving for climate neutrality by assessing the degree of implementation of pro-ecological solutions, identifying key challenges, and comparing differences in the level of energy transformation in the member states. This article attempts to assess actions related to minimizing energy consumption and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by companies operating in the 27 European Union countries, based on statistical data from Eurostat databases. To analyze the obtained data, the diagnostic–descriptive method, principal component analysis, and the multi-criteria MOORA method were used. The conducted research procedure indicates differences in the level of adaptation of companies regarding the implementation of the goals resulting from the climate and energy package adopted by the European Union. Companies located in France, Sweden, and Finland demonstrate the highest level of energy transformation. On the other hand, a passive degree of adaptation in the transition from traditional fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is characterizes companies from Germany, the Netherlands, and Poland.
Methane Production, Microbial Community, and Volatile Fatty Acids Profiling During Anaerobic Digestion Under Different Organic Loading
Authors: Rusanowska Paulina , Zieliński Marcin , Kisielewska Marta , Dudek Magda , Paukszto Łukasz , Dębowski Marcin
Published: January 2025

The organic loading rate (OLR) is a crucial parameter in the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass. Optimizing the OLR ensures a balanced substrate release for gradual hydrolysis, thereby preventing the accumulation of inhibitors that can disrupt methanogenesis. Its significance lies in its direct impact on the stability, efficiency, and overall performance of the digestion process. This study investigated the long-term anaerobic co-digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (Sida hermaphrodita) and cattle manure under varying organic loading rates (S1: 2 kgVS/m3·d, S2: 3 kgVS/m3·d, and S3: 4 kgVS/m3·d). Methane production, microbial community dynamics, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles were analyzed. During S1 and S2, methane production was stable, achieving 446.3 ± 153.7 NL/kgVS and 773.4 ± 107.8 NL/kgVS, respectively. However, at S3, methane production declined, accompanied by a pH drop from 7.68 to 6.11, an increase in the FOS/TAC ratio from 0.272 to 0.35, and the accumulation of acetic and propionic acids at the end of the digestion cycle. Microbial analysis revealed that the abundance of Firmicutes increased with higher OLRs, reaching 93.6% in S3, while the Bacteroidota abundance decreased, reaching 3.0% in S3. During S1, methane production occurred through both acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic pathways.
Topological Scheme and Analysis of Operation Characteristics for Medium-Voltage DC Wind Turbine Photovoltaic Powered Off-Grid Hydrogen Production System
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xiao Fei , Ma Fan , Hao Xiaoliang , Xiao Runlong
Published: January 2025

Renewable energy has high volatility in the traditional off-grid AC hydrogen (H2) production system, which leads to low reliability of the system operation. To address this issue, this paper designs the topology scheme of wind-photovoltaic generation powered off-grid H2 production system. Firstly, a DC off-grid system topology scheme with the wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) is connected to the medium voltage DC bus by two-stage conversion is proposed. The power fluctuation of WT and PV generation systems and the power-adjustable characteristics of electrolyzers are taken into consideration. Meanwhile, the scheme of distributed access of energy storage (ES) to the WT side and PV side to provide the voltage support for the system is proposed. Secondly, the operating characteristics of DC microgrids and AC microgrids under abnormal operating conditions, such as the fault of the source side, the fault of the load side, and communication interruption, are analyzed in this paper. Finally, the electromagnetic transient simulation model of the DC off-grid H2 production system and the traditional AC off-grid H2 production system is established. The effectiveness of the proposed topology scheme is verified by simulation of typical operating conditions.
Assessing User Perceptions and Preferences on Applying Obfuscation Techniques for Privacy Protection in Augmented Reality
Authors: Cruz Ana Cassia , Costa Rogério Luís de C. , Santos Leonel , Rabadão Carlos , Marto Anabela , Gonçalves Alexandrino
Published: January 2025

As augmented reality (AR) technologies become increasingly integrated into everyday life, privacy-maintenance concerns about their capacity to capture and process sensitive visual data also increase. Visual data sanitization and obfuscation may effectively increase the privacy protection level. This study examines user perceptions of privacy protection strategies within AR environments. We developed and disseminated a questionnaire to assess users’ preferences, experiences, and concerns related to visual obfuscation techniques, namely masking, pixelation, and blurring. We collected and analyzed the responses using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The results indicate that user perceptions varied based on the AR context and individual preferences. Participants identified blurring as a versatile option that provides the best aesthetic appeal. Users recognized masking as the most secure method but less visually appealing. This study also revealed that demographic factors, such as age, education, and occupation, influenced privacy concerns and the acceptance of obfuscation methods. These findings enhance the understanding of user preferences and the effectiveness of obfuscation techniques in AR. These insights can guide the development of privacy-preserving AR applications tailored to accommodate diverse user needs.
IoT-Driven Intelligent Scheduling Solution for Industrial Sewing Based on Real-RCPSP Model
Authors: Quoc Huu Dang , The Loc Nguyen , Quang Truong Bui , Minh Phuong Han
Published: January 2025

Applying IoT systems in industrial production allows data collection directly from production lines and factories. These data are aggregated, analyzed, and converted into reports to support manufacturers. Business managers can quickly and easily grasp the situation, making timely and effective management decisions. In industrial sewing, IoT applications collect production data from sewing lines, especially from industrial sewing machines, and transmit that data to cloud-based systems. This allows businesses to analyze production situations, thereby improving management capacity. This article explores the implementation of IoT applications at industrial sewing enterprises, focusing on data collection during the production process and proposing a data structure to integrate this information into the company’s MIS system enterprise. In addition, the research also considers applying the Real-RCPSP problem to support businesses in planning automatic production operations.
Study on the Influence of Smoke Vent Arrangement on the Natural Smoke Exhaust Effect in Urban Traffic Link Tunnels
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Yang Yongbin
Published: January 2025

Urban traffic link tunnels have a high traffic flow and fire risk, and a reasonable smoke exhaust design is significant to a tunnel’s safety. The distance between smoke vents is one of the critical parameters of smoke extraction systems. Based on Froude’s similarity principle, a 1:12 reduced-scale UTLT smoke control research experimental platform was built to experimentally study the influence of the smoke vent arrangement on the smoke exhaust effect, and a smoke mass flow prediction model was established accordingly. Results show that with the increase in the smoke vent distance, the driving force generated by the stack effect is weakened, resulting in the reduction in smoke extraction and a decrease in the efficiency of the smoke vent; the overall mass flow of the smoke vent first increases and then decreases, and a distance between the smoke vents of 20 m can achieve a better smoke exhaust effect.
Morphological Trait Correlations and Nutrient Compositions of the Japanese Moon Scallop Ylistrum japonicum in China
Authors: Xie Yaoyu , Han Yida , Jia Menghao , Cai Linxuan , Zhao Bin , Chang Yaqing , Tian Ying
Published: January 2025

The Ylistrum japonicum is a scallop of commercial significance, renowned for its capacity to undertake long-distance swimming. A total of 150 individuals were collected to explore the connections between morphological traits and quality traits and to determine the nutritional components of the adductor muscle. The results showed a robust positive correlation between morphological traits and quality traits, with certain variations in the intensity of the correlation depending on gender. For both female and male individuals, the most significant factor directly influencing the quality traits was shell width, and shell length had the greatest indirect influence on the individual quality traits. The nutritional results of the adductor muscle of Y. japonicum showed that the moisture content was 80.17%, the ash content was 1.43%, the protein content was 16.93%, the fat content was 0.67%, and the carbohydrate content was 0.80%. Furthermore, a total of 17 amino acids and a total of 23 fatty acids were detected. The study’s findings contribute to the understanding of the quality traits and nutritional value of Y. japonicum, laying a basis for the development of selective breeding strategies aimed at boosting the species’ aquaculture potential.
Improving the Nutritional Profile of Intermediate Wheatgrass by Solid-State Fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae Strains
Authors: Murai Takehiro , Annor George A.
Published: January 2025

Aspergillus oryzae has been used to ferment various cereal grains throughout history, as seen in the examples of sake, soy sauce, and miso. It is known that this fermentation enhances the nutritional quality of the raw materials by breaking down complex molecules into simpler, more digestible forms and increasing the bioactive compounds. In this study, intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) was fermented with three different strains of A. oryzae suitable for making sake, soy sauce, and miso. Whole IWG flour was mixed with water (1:2 w/w), autoclaved at 121 °C for 20 min, cooled, mixed with A. oryzae spores, and fermented for seven days at 30 °C. Sugars, protein, amino acids, kojic acid, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were measured. The protein content increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 18.0 g/100 g to over 30 g/100 g after seven days. Lysine showed a positive correlation with protein content across all three strains, with its ratio increasing as the protein content increased, while all other essential amino acids displayed a negative correlation and a decreasing ratio with the protein content. Autoclaving increased the verbascose content of IWG, and further increases were observed during the first two days of fermentation across all three strains, followed by a subsequent decline. Peak glucose content was observed on days 3~4 but also decreased in the subsequent days. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, kojic acid, and DPPH scavenging activity peaked around day 4~5 for all three strains, followed by a slight decrease in the subsequent days. The findings of this study highlight the potential of solid-state fermentation to improve the nutritional profile of IWG, emphasizing that the selection of A. oryzae strains and the fermentation duration can affect the fermentation outcome and nutritional enhancements.
Microbial Level and Microbiota Change of Laver in Dried Laver Processing Line During Production Seasons
Authors: Ding Yi , Zhou Feifei , Zhou Renjie , Wang Qiqi , Pan Saikun , Wang Wenbin
Published: January 2025

To understand better the high microbial load in dried laver (Porphyra yezoensis or nori), this study analyzed the aerobic plate count (APC), coliform count, temperature change, and microbiota of processing water, laver materials, and food contact surface (FCS) samples from three processing plants during the dried laver processing season from December 2023 to April 2024. The seawater used for the first washing had a low microbial load (APCs < 1–2.85 log CFU/g; coliform < 1 log CFU/g) and was dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota. The microbial load of fresh laver (4.21–4.76 log CFU/g) remained unchanged after seawater washing, but significantly increased after continuous shredding, sponge dehydration, first drying, and with the seasonal temperature rise. The microbiota of laver before drying was vulnerable between processing steps and seasons, but consistently shifted back to fresh laver microflora and was dominated by Flavobacteriaceae after drying. The FCSs (except for the curtain), which had a high microbial load (APCs 5.25–8.26 log CFU/g; coliform 1.52–4.84 log CFU/g) with similar microbiota to seawater, caused the secondary contamination of laver during processing. This study revealed the microbial proliferation of laver and seawater microflora in the continuous processing line with high nutrients and with the seasonal processing water temperature rise caused by the local weather, highlighting the need for routine cleaning and sanitizing, better washing of fresh laver, and low temperature control for future dried laver production.
Impact of UV-Irradiated Mesoporous Titania Nanoparticles (mTiNPs) on Key Onco- and Tumor Suppressor microRNAs of PC3 Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Méndez-García Andrea , Bravo-Vázquez Luis Alberto , Sahare Padmavati , Paul Sujay
Published: January 2025

Background: Mesoporous titanium dioxide nanoparticles (mTiNPs) are known for their chemical stability, non-toxicity, antimicrobial and anticancer effects, as well as for their photocatalytic properties. When this material is subjected to UV radiation, its electronic structure shifts, and during that process, reactive oxygen species are generated, which in turn exert apoptotic events on the cancer cells. Objectives: We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of UV-irradiated mTiNPs on prostate cancer (PCa) cell line PC3 with the aim of demonstrating that the interaction between UV-light and mTiNPs positively impacts the nanomaterial’s cytotoxic efficiency. Moreover, we assessed the differential expression of key oncomiRs and tumor suppressor (TS) miRNAs, as well as their associated target genes, in cells undergoing this treatment. Methods: PBS-suspended mTiNPs exposed to 290 nm UV light were added at different concentrations to PC3 cells. Cell viability was determined after 24 h with a crystal violet assay. Then, the obtained IC50 concentration of UV-nanomaterial was applied to a new PC3 cell culture, and the expression of a set of miRNAs and selected target genes was evaluated via qRT-PCR. Results: The cells exposed to photo-activated mTiNPs required 4.38 times less concentration of the nanomaterial than the group exposed to non-irradiated mTiNPs to achieve the half-maximal inhibition, demonstrating an improved cytotoxic performance of the UV-irradiated mTiNPs. Moreover, the expression of miR-18a-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-221-5p was downregulated after the application of UV-mTiNPs, while TS miR-200a-5p and miR-200b-5p displayed an upregulated expression. Among the miRNA target genes, PTEN was found to be upregulated after the treatment, while BCL-2 and TP53 were underexpressed. Conclusions: Our cytotoxic outcomes coincided with previous reports performed in other cancer cell lines, strongly suggesting UV-irradiated mTiNPs as a promising nano-therapeutic approach against PCa. On the other hand, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report exploring the impact of UV-irradiated mTiNPs on key onco- and TS microRNAs in PCa cells.
Retinol-Binding Protein 4 as a Biomarker in Cancer: Insights from a Pan-Cancer Analysis of Expression, Immune Infiltration, and Methylation
Authors: Zhao Jia , Liu Yaxin , Zhou Lingqin , Liu Yi
Published: January 2025

Background: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is primarily recognized for its role in retinoid transport, but has recently been implicated in cancer progression and prognosis. However, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of RBP4’s expression, prognostic significance, and functional associations across various cancers is lacking. Methods: We conducted a pan-cancer analysis of RBP4 using data from public databases. RBP4 expression levels were examined in 33 tumor types, and correlations with clinical outcomes, immune cell infiltration, DNA methylation, and gene mutations were assessed. Enrichment analyses of RBP4 and its co-expressed genes were performed to explore associated biological pathways. Additionally, in vitro experiments were conducted to assess the effects of RBP4 on cell migration and proliferation. Results: RBP4 showed differential expression between tumor and normal tissues, with downregulation in 21 cancer types and upregulation in 6. High expression levels of RBP4 were associated with poor overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI) in specific cancers, notably in BRCA, HNSC, and STAD, whereas it was a favorable prognostic factor in cancers such as KIRP and MESO. RBP4 expression was also associated with immune cell infiltration, particularly with CD4+ Th2 cells and immune checkpoint genes. DNA methylation analysis suggested that the methylation of RBP4 may play a role in its regulatory mechanisms across cancer types. Enrichment analyses revealed that RBP4 and its co-expressed genes are involved in metabolism-related pathways and immune regulation. Functional assays indicated that RBP4 knockdown promoted tumor cell migration and proliferation. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of RBP4, identifying its prognostic potential and possible involvement in tumor immunity and metabolism. Our findings suggest that RBP4 could serve as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer, although further experimental studies are required to elucidate its precise mechanisms in specific cancer types.
Genetic Insights and Clinical Implications of NEU1 Mutations in Sialidosis
Authors: Peng Mei-Ling , Chau Siu-Fung , Chien Jia-Ying , Woon Peng-Yeong , Chen Yu-Chen , Cheang Wai-Man , Tsai Hsien-Yang , Huang Shun-Ping
Published: January 2025

Sialidosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the NEU1 gene, resulting in deficient neuraminidase-1 activity and the subsequent accumulation of sialylated compounds in lysosomes. This review comprehensively analyzes the genetic and clinical heterogeneity associated with sialidosis, emphasizing the distinction between the milder type I form and the more severe type II form. Over 90 pathogenic NEU1 variants, predominantly missense mutations, have been identified, highlighting significant phenotypic diversity. Advancements in genomic sequencing technologies have facilitated the identification of known and novel mutations, with population-specific insights elucidating ethnic variability in symptomatology and genetic profiles. Recent case studies, including a novel compound heterozygous variant, further illustrate the complexity of the genotype–phenotype correlations. Emerging therapeutic approaches, such as enzyme replacement therapy and adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy, demonstrate promising potential for restoring neuraminidase-1 function and improving outcomes in preclinical models. This review emphasizes the critical role of genetic analysis in diagnosis and management while advocating for continued research into the molecular mechanisms underlying sialidosis to enable the development of targeted, personalized treatments.
ECE-CYC1 Transcription Factor CmCYC1a May Interact with CmCYC2 in Regulating Flower Symmetry and Stamen Development in Chrysanthemum morifolium
Authors: Yang Yi , Sun Ming , Yuan Cunquan , Zhang Qixiang
Published: January 2025

Background: The attractive inflorescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium, its capitulum, is always composed of ray (female, zygomorphy) and disc (bisexual, actinomorphy) florets, but the formation mechanism remains elusive. The gene diversification pattern of the ECE (CYC/TB1) clade has been speculated to correlate with the capitulum. Within the three subclades of ECE, the involvement of CYC2 in defining floret identity and regulating flower symmetry has been demonstrated in many species of Asteraceae, including C. morifolium. Differential expression of the other two subclade genes, CYC1 and CYC3, in different florets has been reported in other Asteraceae groups, yet their functions in flower development have not been investigated. Methods: Here, a CYC1 gene, CmCYC1a, was isolated and its expression pattern was studied in C. morifolium. The function of CmCYC1a was identified with gene transformation in Arabidopsis thaliana and yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays were performed to explore the interaction between CmCYC1 and CmCYC2. Results: CmCYC1a was expressed at higher levels in disc florets than in ray florets and the expression of CmCYC1a was increased in both florets during the flowering process. Overexpression of CmCYC1a in A. thaliana changed flower symmetry from actinomorphic to zygomorphic, with fewer stamens. Furthermore, CmCYC1a could interact with CmCYC2b, CmCYC2d, and CmCYC2f in Y2H assays. Conclusions: The results provide evidence for the involvement of CmCYC1a in regulating flower symmetry and stamen development in C. morifolium and deepen our comprehension of the contributions of ECE genes in capitulum formation.
Genetic Overlap of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Changez Mah I Kan , Nasir Afsheen , Sonsino Alexandra , Jeoffrey Syeda Manahil , Kalyanasundaram Asanish , Zafar Mohammad A. , Ziganshin Bulat A. , Elefteriades John A.
Published: January 2025

Objective: Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) and intracranial aneurysms (ICAs) share overlapping genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms, yet the genetic interplay between these conditions remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to identify common genetic factors underlying TAA and ICA. Methods: A comprehensive review of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and retrospective clinical studies was conducted using PubMed, Orbis, and Web of Science. Articles addressing the genetic etiologies of TAA and ICA were analyzed. Separate lists of causative genes were compiled, and commonalities were identified. A Venn diagram was constructed to illustrate genetic overlap and shared physiological pathways. Results: We identified 24 overlapping genes associated with TAA and ICA, including LTBP2, TGFB2, TGFB3, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, SMAD2, SMAD3, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, FBN1, FBN2, ELN, LOX ACTA2, MYH11, MYLK, ABCC6, NOTCH1, MED12, PKD1, and PKD2. These genes are involved in pathways related to connective tissue biology, contractile elements, extracellular matrix components, and transforming growth factor-β signaling. While vascular endothelium and cell cycle pathways were unique to ICA, TAA pathways predominantly involved extracellular matrix remodeling. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant genetic overlap between TAA and ICA, shedding light on shared molecular mechanisms. These findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary awareness: neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neurointerventional radiologists should monitor ICA patients for potential TAA, while cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, vascular surgeons, and vascular interventionalists should consider ICA risks in TAA patients. Further research into these genetic pathways could enhance the understanding and management of both conditions.
Causal Associations Between Remnant Cholesterol Levels and Atherosclerosis-Related Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Ko Yu-Shien , Hsu Lung-An , Wu Semon , Liao Mei-Siou , Teng Ming-Sheng , Chou Hsin-Hua , Ko Yu-Lin
Published: January 2025

Background: Despite the widespread use of lipid-lowering agents, the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains; this residual risk has been attributed to remnant cholesterol (RC) levels. However, the causal associations between RC levels and various atherosclerosis-related cardiometabolic and vascular risk factors for ASCVD remain unclear. Methods: Using genetic and biochemical data of 108,876 Taiwan Biobank study participants, follow-up data of 31,790 participants, and follow-up imaging data of 18,614 participants, we conducted a genome-wide association study, a Functional Mapping and Annotation analysis, and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses to identify the genetic determinants of RC levels and the causal associations between RC levels and various cardiometabolic and vascular risk factors. Results: We found that higher RC levels were associated with higher prevalence or incidence of the analyzed risk factors. The genome-wide association study unveiled 61 lead genetic variants determining RC levels. The Functional Mapping and Annotation analysis revealed 21 gene sets exhibiting strong enrichment signals associated with lipid metabolism. Standard Mendelian randomization models adjusted for nonlipid variables and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels unraveled forward causal associations of RC levels with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, microalbuminuria, and metabolic liver disease. Reverse Mendelian randomization analysis revealed the causal association of diabetes mellitus with RC levels. Conclusions: RC levels, mainly influenced by genes associated with lipid metabolism, exhibit causal associations with various cardiometabolic risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, microalbuminuria, and metabolic liver disease. This study provides further insights into the role of RC levels in predicting the residual risk of ASCVD.
Accuracy of Genomic Predictions for Resistance to Gastrointestinal Parasites in Australian Merino Sheep
Authors: Vera Brenda , Navajas Elly A. , Van Lier Elize , Carracelas Beatriz , Peraza Pablo , Ciappesoni Gabriel
Published: January 2025

Infection by gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in sheep is a significant health issue that affects animal welfare and leads to economic losses in the production sector. Genetic selection for parasite resistance has shown promise in improving animal health and productivity. This study aimed to determine if incorporating genomic data into genetic prediction models currently used in Uruguay could improve the accuracy of breeding value estimations for GIN resistance in the Australian Merino breed. This study compared the accuracy of breeding value predictions using the BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) and ssGBLUP (single-step genomic BLUP) models on partial and complete data sets, including 32,713 phenotyped and 3238 genotyped animals. The quality of predictions was evaluated using a linear regression method, focusing on 145 rams. The inclusion of genomic data increased the average individual accuracies by 4% for genotyped and phenotyped animals. For animals with genomic and non-phenotyped data, the accuracy improvement reached 8%. Of these, one group of animals that benefited from an ssGBLUP evaluation came from a facility with a strong connection to the informative nucleus and showed an average increase of 20% in their individual accuracy. Additionally, ssGBLUP slightly outperformed BLUP in terms of prediction quality. These findings demonstrate the potential of genomic information to improve the accuracy of breeding value predictions for parasite resistance in sheep. The integration of genomic data, particularly in non-phenotyped animals, offers a promising tool for enhancing genetic selection in Australian Merino sheep to improve resistance to gastrointestinal parasites.
North Caucasus Underground Geophysical Observatory: Instrumentation and Observation Results
Authors: Sobisevich Alexey , Kuzmin Yuri , Likhodeev Dmitry , Kotov Andrey , Desherevsky Alexey , Myasnikov Andrey , Gravirov Valentin , Presnov Dmitriy , Kanonidi Konstantin , Puzich Irina , Dudarov Zalim , Dolov Spartak , Suvorova Irina , Sentsov Alexey , Balashov George
Published: January 2025

A full-scale geophysical observatory in the North Caucasus, which was established to study volcanic activity in the Elbrus area, has been functioning for more than 10 years. Results of experimental studies performed at the observatory, located in the deep tunnel, are presented. Special attention is paid to the stability of metrologically significant parameters of precise information-measuring systems, taking into account different nature noises. Technical characteristics of installed geophysical instruments are given, and the principles of their operation are described. Examples of instrumental observations are also presented; for example, tidal deformations reflecting structural features of the geological environment in the area of the Elbrus volcanic edifice and associated with the presence of magmatic structures were investigated. It was shown that diurnal and semidiurnal harmonics observed in the microvariations of temperature can be caused, among other things, by the influence of tidal effects on the convective component of heat–mass transfer.
Condition Surveys as the Basis for Scientific Research and with the Aim of Conserving Torso Buildings
Authors: Makýš Oto , Šťastný Patrik , Makýš Peter , Ďubek Marek
Published: January 2025

Condition surveys are an important part of the whole scientific research of torso buildings, which we understand to be buildings with usually missing roofs, wooden ceilings, doors, windows, and other envelope constructions along with damaged internal and external infrastructure and surfaces. The aim of the processed condition surveys is to gather basic data on the technical state of the buildings. Torso buildings are, in our environment, especially the ruins of castles and manor houses, but also some churches, the remains of industrial enterprises, or even others. The proposed condition surveys can be used at any of them, not only in our country, but also in any other country of the world. The processed system of condition surveys allows us to anticipate further damage to architectural heritage buildings caused by their aging. It can contribute in a major way to the identification of eventual construction risks and to anticipate them. Condition surveys are designed as a quick, cheap, and easy to handle way to gather the basic overview needed for undertaking a basic stabilization of the most endangered parts of the ruins. In the next step, further scientific research using instruments i.e., in laboratories, can be undertaken. It is also important to know which parts of the torso buildings are dangerous and can endanger not only visitors, but also scientists realizing research on site. The first goal of the project focused on bettering of the stability of the torso buildings, especially ruins of castles, which was granted by the Slovak Ministry of Culture to elaborate and prepare a system for the identification of the most endangered parts of the ruins, which are in danger of dilapidation soon. The second goal was focused on preparing source material for further scientific research of the torso architecture. Experts from the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Slovak University of Technology, with the cooperation of experts from praxis and from the Architectural Heritage Protection Office prepared a system for judging the construction details of torso buildings from the point of view of their construction–technical state. The aim of this judging lies in identifying the parts of their constructions that are most endangered by decay. Based on the condition survey results, conservation activities can be organized to save valuable details of the torso buildings before destruction and to protect the visitors of such localities before injuries, maybe even tragic injuries.
Opportunities and Challenges in Harnessing Digital Technology for Effective Teaching and Learning
Authors: Chen Zhongzhou , Singh Chandralekha
Published: January 2025

Most of today’s educators are in no shortage of digital and online learning technologies available at their fingertips, ranging from Learning Management Systems such as Canvas, Blackboard, or Moodle, online meeting tools, online homework, and tutoring systems, exam proctoring platforms, computer simulations, and even virtual reality/augmented reality technologies. Furthermore, with the rapid development and wide availability of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) services such as ChatGPT, we are just at the beginning of harnessing their potential to transform higher education. Yet, facing the large number of available options provided by cutting-edge technology, an imminent question on the mind of most educators is the following: how should I choose the technologies and integrate them into my teaching process so that they would best support student learning? We contemplate over these types of important and timely questions and share our reflections on evidence-based approaches to harnessing digital learning tools using a Self-regulated Engaged Learning Framework we have employed in our research in physics education that can be valuable for educators in other disciplines.