bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Pengajaran Pembagian Bilangan Pecahan Bagi Guru Sekolah Dasar di Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Mahyudin Mahyudin , Wahyu Milde , Sugilar Sugilar
Published: November 2018

Penelitian Abdimas ini berjudul “Pelatihan Pengajaran Pembagian Bilangan Pecahan Bagi Guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Propinsi Jambi” di SD Negeri 21/IV.Jl KH A.Somad Rt 4 Kelurahan Mudung Laut Kecamatan Pelayangan Kota Jambi Kode Pos 36252. Tujuan Abdimas ini adalah untuk ; (1) Miningkatkan  kemampuan kecakapan hidup- life skill kepada guru – guru SD Negeri rayon KKG Kecamatan Pelayangan yang berpusat di SD Negeri 21/IV.Jl KH A.Somad Rt 4 Kelurahan Mudung Laut Kecamatan Pelayangan Kota Jambi Kode Pos 36252. (2) Memberi pemahaman kepada masyarakat mitra tetang Pengajaran Pembagian Bilangan Pecahan dan manfaat yang dihasilkan. (3) Menggugah jiwa pendidik yang professional dengan membentuk Kelompok Kerja Guru (KKG). Abdi kepada Masyarakat ini merupakan model pendekatan Analisis Kebutuhan dan Intervensi sesuai dengan tujuan dan sasaran yaitu; Perizinan, Perekrutan, Sosialisasi program, Pelaksanaan Pelatihan. Secara simultan Pelatihan Pengajaran Pembagian Bilangan Pecahan Bagi Guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Propinsi Jambi  ini dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kecakap hidup/ life skill terutama guru-guru SD Negeri kelompok KKG, masyarakat mitra SD Negeri 21/IV.Jl KH A.Somad Rt 4 Kelurahan Mudung Laut Kecamatan Pelayangan Kota Jambi Kode Pos 36252.
Analisis Potensi Pajak Daerah Sebagai Sumber Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat
Authors: Bukit Pantun , Putri Hana Tamara
Published: November 2018

Tax areas as one of the components of the Original Local Revenue (PAD) which is given by the local Government to residents who stay in their jurisdiction without obtaining the consideration from the local governments that collect taxes area. Tanjung Jabung Barat District is one of the strategic areas and it has a potential of natural resources which is relatively large. The strategies and policies of financial development in Tanjung Jabung Barat is directed at the improvement of the effectiveness as well as the effectiveness of regional finance. One of the strategies is through the optimization of local tax receipts as a source of Original Local Revenue (PAD). This research aimed at investigating the magnitude of the potential and the local tax capacity in Tanjung Jabung Barat District of 2018. This research also intended to know the implementation of tax effort which has been attempted in Tanjung Jabung Barat District. Last, this research aimed at knowing the extent to which the original revenue dependency area toward the acceptance of tax areas in Tanjung Jabung Barat District.The data were collected through survey and direct observation to the research subject through the coordination with related agencies. In data analysis method, Diagrams Cartesius, Regression approach to Tax Business, Estimation and Elasticity Tax Formulas, analysis of Overlay and analysis of Potential local tax were used. The results of this research are expected to give input to the Government of Tanjung Jabung Barat in arranging the strategies and policies in optimizing the Local Tax Revenue.
Penerapan Metode Eksperimen dapat Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Suryani Suryani
Published: November 2018

This study aims to improve the learning activity and learning outcomes of fifth grade student's SDN. No. 052/XI Ulu Air year 2016/2017 on natural science subjects, especially on the material properties of light through the application of experiment methods. The study was conducted from January to May 2017. The study involved 18 students of fifth grade student's SDN. No. 052/XI Ulu Air year 2016/2017. The study was conducted in two cycles and each cycle consisted of four activities namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data of learning activity was collected through observation and data of learning outcome was collected through the test. The data that have been collected is analyzed by descriptive analysis and simple statistical test. The results showed that student learning activities improved. The results also showed that the average score of students increased from 52,8 on before action applied to 65,3 in Cycle I and increased to 77,5 in Cycle II. Percentage mastery learning students also experienced an increase from 50,0% in pratindakan to 72,2% in Cycle I and increased to 88,9% in Cycle II. Thus, the experimental method can improve the learning activity and learning outcomes of fifth grade student's SDN. No. 052/XI Ulu Air year 2016/2017 on natural science subjects, especially on the material properties of light.
Keberadaan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Seni Batik Jambi di Kota Jambi
Authors: Mahila Syarifa
Published: November 2018

Batik Artwork is a work in the field of Intellectual Property Rights which is more primarily included in the Copyright field. To product a piece of batik cloth, several processes are needed, so that a piece of batik cloth has the possibility of attaching several intellectual property rights other than copyrights.Batik Jambi business is one group of Small and Medium Industries (IKM) that develops in the City of Jambi. Based on data obtained from the Jambi City Office of Trade and Industry, in 2016 there were 98 units of Batik Jambi IKM, in 2017 there were 88 units of Batik Jambi IKM.Each IKM generally has no intellectual property rights. Only limited brands registered with the Trade and Industry Office as brands for registration of business licenses. This is because they still feel that they are not yet in line with the turnover they earn, while registration is certainly a cost.
Teaching English for Students at the Economics Faculty of Universitas Muara Bungo: Problems and Solution
Authors: Sufiyandi Sufiyandi
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh dosen dalam mengajar Bahasa Inggris di Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Muara Bungo sekaligus memberikan solusi alternatif untuk menjawab permasalahan yang ditemukan. Penelitian ini dirancang sebagai penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan observasi dan wawancara sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Instrumen penelitian melalui lembar observasi, pedoman wawancara, dan juga tape recorder. Ada tiga dosen bahasa Inggris ditandai dengan dosen A, B, dan C yang diamati dan diwawancarai mengenai kegiatan belajar mengajar yang sesuai. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosen bahasa Inggris di Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Muara Bungo menghadapi permasalahan dalam kegiatan mengajar berkenaan dengan harapan yang tinggi kepada para siswa, perencanaan, metode dan strategi, pengelolaan dan mendisiplinkan siswa, mengalokasikan waktu pelajaran, menyelesaikan penilaian, dan menangani dengan pekerjaan rumah. Oleh karena itu, masalah harus dicegah dan diatasi dengan merujuk rekomendasi berikut: (1) Departemen seharusnya meningkatkan sistem pelatihan guru untuk implementasi kurikulum dan meningkatkan keterampilan dosen, (2) Anggota fakultas diharapkan untuk berkomunikasi dengan dosen dan untuk melakukan pemantauan yang berkaitan dengan masalah pengajaran, (3) Pekerjaan pendukung dan kerja sama di antara dosen dianjurkan, terutama melalui observasi kelas, (4) Para dosen diharapkan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan keterampilan mereka dalam mengajar dengan mengacu pada buku-buku sumber yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan belajar mengajar, (5) Mencegah masalah di kelas sangat membantu dengan menjaga lingkungan belajar yang efektif.
Pengharaman Lemak Hewani Bagi Bani Israil Sebagai Hukuman (Kajian Surat Al-An�am Ayat 146 Dalam Perspektif Sains Modern)
Authors: Qodri Muhammad
Published: November 2018

This paper seeks to explore and uncover the secrets behind the prohibition of eating pure fat on cows and goats for the Jewish people as a form of punishment that they are punished with obstructed from got goodness contained in These types of foods. To answer the question about the secret of goodness are contained in fat cows and goats this implicitly presupposed by the second verse, then carried out study of the content and benefits of fat especially for health through the perspective of health science and the nutrition science and nutrition or modern. As a result, a large number of current research found that animal fats have myriad benefits and benefits for health. At the same time, this fact is proved for the umpteenth time the truth of the revelation of the Glorious Qur'an, with all sources of knowledge it contains.
Performance Evaluation of Bari Inclined Plate Planter for Lentil Cultivation
Authors: Karim MR , Gulandaz MA , Mahmuda MM , Salahuddin M
Published: November 2018

A field trial was carried out at Farm Machinery Technology Dissemination (FMTD) project site, Sujanagor, Pabna to test performance of planting methods with Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) inclined plate planter, BARI Bed planter over conventional manual planting method for sowing lentil during 2014-15. Mechanical planting method with BARI Inclined Plate Planter showed highest yield (1.67 tha-1) whereas it was obtained1.54 tha-1 for bed planter and 1.41 tha-1 for conventional manual planting method. Planting methods exhibited non significant response on yield attributes like number of plants population, plant height, seed pod-1, dry weight of 10 plants and weight of 100 seeds. However, highest no. of pod plant-1 (168.83), primary branch (6.77) and secondary branch (33.67) was obtained from planting by IPP and these three parameters were shown lowest value (70.20, 3.5 and 11.8 respectively) in manual seeding methods. Total Cost of complete land preparation and planting was exhibited lowest for seed sowing with BARI Inclined Plate Planter (2016 Tk. ha-1) and it was 2727 Tk. ha-1 for BARI bed planter and highest for conventional manual seed sowing method (4433 Tk.ha-1).J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 39-44 2017
Design and Application of a Standalone Hybrid Wind–Solar System for Automatic Observation Systems Used in the Polar Region
Authors: Zuo Guangyu , Dou Yinke , Chang Xiaomin , Chen Yan
Published: November 2018

Continuous power supply for unmanned and automatic observation systems without suitable energy-storage capabilities in the polar regions is an urgent problem and challenge. However, few power-supply systems can stably operate over the long term in extreme environments, despite excellent performance under normal environments. In this study, a standalone hybrid wind–solar system is proposed, based on operation analysis of the observing system in the Arctic Ocean, the polar environments, and renewable-energy distribution in the polar regions. Energy-storage technology suitable for cold regions is introduced to support the standalone hybrid wind–solar system. Mathematical models of the power system at low temperature are also proposed. The low-temperature performance and characteristics of lead–acid battery are comprehensively elucidated, and a dedicated charging strategy is developed. A hybrid wind–solar charging circuit is developed using a solar charging circuit, a wind turbine charging circuit, a driver circuit, a detection circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit, and an auxiliary circuit. The low temperature stability of charging circuit is test from −50 °C to 30 °C. Temperature correction algorithm is designed to improve the efficiency of the power supply system. The power generation energy of the power system was simulated based on the monthly average renewable energy data of Zhongshan Station. A case study was applied to examine the technical feasibility of the power system in Antarctica. The five-month application results indicate that the power system based on renewable energy can maintain stable performance and provide sufficient power for the observing system in low ambient temperatures. Therefore, this power system is an ideal solution to achieve an environmentally friendly and reliable energy supply in the polar regions.
A Real Time and Lossless Encoding Scheme for Patch Electrocardiogram Monitors
Authors: Fang Hong-Wen , Lu Chih-Cheng
Published: November 2018

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Due to advancements facilitating the integration of electric and adhesive technologies, long-term patch electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors (PEMs) are currently used to conduct daily continuous cardiac function assessments. This paper presents an ECG encoding scheme for joint lossless data compression and heartbeat detection to minimize the circuit footprint size and power consumption of a PEM. The proposed encoding scheme supports two operation modes: fixed-block mode and dynamic-block mode. Both modes compress ECG data losslessly, but only dynamic-block mode supports the heartbeat detection feature. The whole encoding scheme was implemented on a C-platform and tested with ECG data from MIT/BIH arrhythmia databases. A compression ratio of 2.1 could be achieved with a normal heartbeat. Dynamic-block mode provides heartbeat detection accuracy at a rate higher than 98%. Fixed-block mode was also implemented on the field-programmable gate array, and could be used as a chip for using analog-to-digital convertor-ready signals as an operation clock.
Investigation of Age Gelation in UHT Milk
Authors: Raynes Jared K. , Vincent Delphine , Zawadzki Jody L. , Savin Keith , Mertens Dominik , Logan Amy , Williams Roderick P.W.
Published: November 2018

Milk samples with twelve combinations of κ- and β-casein (CN) and β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) variants were obtained to investigate the effect of protein variant on the mechanism/s of age gelation in ultra-high temperature (UHT) skim milk. Only milk groups with κ-CN/β-CN/β-Lg combinations AB/A1A2/AB and AB/A2A2/AB suffered from the expected age gelation over nine months storage, although this could not be attributed to the milk protein genetic variants. Top-down proteomics revealed three general trends across the twelve milk groups: (1) the abundance of intact native proteins decreases over storage time; (2) lactosylated proteoforms appear immediately post-UHT treatment; and (3) protein degradation products accumulate over storage time. Of the 151 identified degradation products, 106 (70.2%) arose from β-CN, 33 (21.9%) from αs1-CN, 4 (2.7%) from β-Lg, 4 (2.7%) from α-La, 3 (2%) from κ-CN and 1 (0.7%) from αs2-CN. There was a positive correlation between milk viscosity and 47 short peptides and four intact proteoforms, while 20 longer polypeptides and 21 intact proteoforms were negatively correlated. Age gelation was associated with specific patterns of proteolytic degradation and also with the absence of the families Bacillaceae, Aerococcaceae, Planococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, present in all the non-gelling milk groups pre-UHT.
A Liposomal Platform for Sensing of Extracellular Analytes Near Cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaozhou , Heng Sabrina , Pei Jinxin , Morey Jacqueline R. , McDevitt Christopher A. , Abell Andrew D.
Published: November 2018

Cell-permeable fluorescent chemosensors (calcein, monochlorobimane, and a recently reported spiropyran-based sensor SP2) have been incorporated into yeast total lipid extract-based liposomes to suppress inherent cell permeability to allow the detection of extracellular Ca2+, GSH, and Zn2+, respectively. The repurposed sensors have enhanced aqueous solubility and the ability to quantitatively measure biologically relevant concentrations of Ca2+ (0.25 mM–1 mM), Zn2+ (6.25 µM–50 µM), and GSH (0.25 mM–1 mM) by fluorescence in aqueous media. In addition, the liposomal sensors are nontoxic to HEK293 cells and have the ability to detect exogenously added Zn2+ (1 mM), Ca2+ (1 mM), or GSH (1 mM) near cells without internalisation. This new sensing platform provides a means to repurpose a range of intracellular fluorescent sensors to specifically detect extracellular analytes, while also improving biocompatibility for overall enhanced use in a wide range of biomedical applications.
Biocatalytic Oxidations of Substrates through Soluble Methane Monooxygenase from Methylosinus sporium 5
Authors: Park Yeo Reum , Yoo Hee Seon , Song Min Young , Lee Dong-Heon , Lee Seung Jae
Published: November 2018

Methane, an important greenhouse gas, has a 20-fold higher heat capacity than carbon dioxide. Earlier, through advanced spectroscopy and structural studies, the mechanisms underlying the extremely stable C–H activation of soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) have been elucidated in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b and Methylococcus capsulatus Bath. Here, sMMO components—including hydroxylase (MMOH), regulatory (MMOB), and reductase (MMOR)—were expressed and purified from a type II methanotroph, Methylosinus sporium strain 5 (M. sporium 5), to characterize its hydroxylation mechanism. Two molar equivalents of MMOB are necessary to achieve catalytic activities and oxidized a broad range of substrates including alkanes, alkenes, halogens, and aromatics. Optimal activities were observed at pH 7.5 for most substrates possibly because of the electron transfer environment in MMOR. Substitution of MMOB or MMOR from another type II methanotroph, Methylocystis species M, retained specific enzyme activities, demonstrating the successful cross-reactivity of M. sporium 5. These results will provide fundamental information for further enzymatic studies to elucidate sMMO mechanisms.
Structural and Mechanical Properties of Arc-Sprayed Ni–Cr Coating Post-Treated by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT)
Authors: Aoudia Karima , Lamri Salim , Achache Sofiane , Retraint Delphine , Verdy Christophe , Langlade Cécile , Azem Said , Sanchette Frédéric
Published: November 2018

This study focuses on the effects of a surface mechanical attrition treatment on the structural and mechanical behavior of arc-sprayed Ni–Cr coatings deposited on steel substrates. The surface of the as-sprayed and SMATed coatings was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and non-contact profilometry. The coating porosity was evaluated by using image analysis software. The residual stresses were determined using X-ray diffraction with the sin2ψ. Indentation tests were carried out on the cross sections of the different coatings to evaluate their hardness. The wear properties of the coatings were assessed using a pin-on-disk tester at ambient temperature without lubrication. The results showed that surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) induced a grain refinement on the coating surface due to severe plastic deformation, which was associated with a significant improvement of the mechanical properties.
Topology Optimization for Additive Manufacturing as an Enabler for Light Weight Flight Hardware
Authors: Orme Melissa , Madera Ivan , Gschweitl Michael , Ferrari Michael
Published: November 2018

Three case studies utilizing topology optimization and Additive Manufacturing for the development of space flight hardware are described. The Additive Manufacturing (AM) modality that was used in this work is powder bed laser based fusion. The case studies correspond to the redesign and manufacture of two heritage parts for a Surrey Satellite Technology LTD (SSTL) Technology Demonstrator Space Mission that are currently functioning in orbit (case studies 1 and 2), and a system of five components for the SpaceIL’s lunar launch vehicle planned for launch in the near future (case study 3). In each case, the nominal or heritage part has undergone topology optimization, incorporating the AM manufacturing constraints that include: minimization of support structures, ability to remove unsintered powder, and minimization of heat transfer jumps that will cause artifact warpage. To this end the topology optimization exercise must be coupled to the Additive Manufacturing build direction, and steps are incorporated to integrate the AM constraints. After design verification by successfully passing a Finite Element Analysis routine, the components have been fabricated and the AM artifacts and in-process testing coupons have undergone verification and qualification testing in order to deliver structural components that are suitable for their respective missions.
The Immigrant Ancestors Project: Gathering and Indexing 900,000 Names
Authors: Crandell Jill N. , Champenois Charlotte N.
Published: November 2018

The Immigrant Ancestors Project (IAP) is sponsored by the Center for Family History and Genealogy at Brigham Young University, which is located in Provo, Utah, United States. For eighteen years, students have served summer internships in Europe to acquire images of emigration records, focusing on those containing information about the emigrant’s hometown. In a mentored-learning environment, hundreds of students have worked on this index to help people all over the world discover their ancestors’ hometowns. The IAP database currently contains over 900,000 names, and it is available to the public free of charge. This paper discusses the history of IAP, as well as the benefits to those who use this significant online index.
Video Games as Objects and Vehicles of Nostalgia
Authors: Makai Péter Kristóf
Published: November 2018

Barely 50 years old, video games are among the newest media today, and still a source of fascination and a site of anxiety for cultural critics and parents. Since the 1970s, a generation of video gamers have grown up and as they began to have children of their own, video games have become objects evoking fond memories of the past. Nostalgia for simpler times is evident in the aesthetic choices game designers make: pixelated graphics, 8-bit music, and frustratingly hard levels are all reminiscent of arcade-style and third-generation console games that have been etched into the memory of Generation X. At the same time, major AAA titles have become so photorealistic and full of cinematic ambition that video games can also serve as vehicles for nostalgia by “faithfully” recreating the past. From historical recreations of major cities in the Assassin’s Creed series and L. A. Noire, to the resurrection of old art styles in 80 Days, Firewatch or Cuphead all speak of the extent to which computer gaming is suffused with a longing for pasts that never were but might have been. This paper investigates the design of games to examine how nostalgia is used to manipulate affect and player experience, and how it contributes to the themes that these computer games explore. Far from ruining video games, nostalgia nonetheless exploits the associations the players have with certain historical eras, including earlier eras of video gaming. Even so, the juxtaposition of period media and dystopic rampages or difficult levels critically comment upon the futility of nostalgia.
Mapping Multi-Disease Risk during El Niño: An Ecosyndemic Approach
Authors: Ramírez Ivan J. , Lee Jieun , Grady Sue C.
Published: November 2018

El Niño is a quasi-periodic pattern of climate variability and extremes often associated with hazards and disease. While El Niño links to individual diseases have been examined, less is known about the cluster of multi-disease risk referred to as an ecosyndemic, which emerges during extreme events. The objective of this study was to explore a mapping approach to represent the spatial distribution of ecosyndemics in Piura, Peru at the district-level during the first few months of 1998. Using geographic information systems and multivariate analysis, descriptive and analytical methodologies were employed to map disease overlap of 7 climate-sensitive diseases and construct an ecosyndemic index, which was then mapped and applied to another El Niño period as proof of concept. The main findings showed that many districts across Piura faced multi-disease risk over several weeks in the austral summer of 1998. The distribution of ecosyndemics were spatially clustered in western Piura among 11 districts. Furthermore, the ecosydemic index in 1998 when compared to 1983 showed a strong positive correlation, demonstrating the potential utility of the index. The study supports PAHO efforts to develop multi-disease based and interprogrammatic approaches to control and prevention, particularly for climate and poverty-related infections in Latin America and the Caribbean.
The Ascendency of Numerical Methods in Lens Design
Authors: Dilworth Donald C.
Published: November 2018

Advancement in physics often results from analyzing numerical data and then creating a theoretical model that can explain and predict those data. In the field of lens design, the reverse is true: longstanding theoretical understanding is being overtaken by more powerful numerical methods.
An Isotope Study of the Dzhida Mo–W Ore Field (Western Transbaikalia, Russia)
Authors: Ripp German S. , Smirnova Olga K. , Izbrodin Ivan A. , Lastochkin Eugeny I. , Rampilov Mikhail O. , Posokhov Viktor F.
Published: November 2018

The Dzhida ore field includes Pervomaika (Mo), Inkur (W) and Kholtoson (W) deposits. This article presents stable and radiogenic isotopic data (O, C, D, S, Sr and Nd) in an attempt to better understand the petrogenetic processes and the problem concerning the sources of ore-forming fluids. Granites from the Pervomaika deposit, which includes Mo-ores, as well as the syenite dikes that precede W-mineralization, have low δ18O values (about 5‰ and 4‰ respectively), and low initial ratios 87Sr/86Sr (0.704–0.705). The εNd (T) values (+0.9–−1.1) in granites and syenites are close to the evolution trend of the mantle-derived source. It was determined that a mantle-derived source was involved in ore-forming processes. It was also confirmed that δ34S values in sulfide minerals (molybdenite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite) were close to the meteoric standard (from −2‰ to +2‰). The δ13C and δ18O values in carbonate minerals (rhodochrosite and ankerite) of the Kholtoson deposit are located within the primary igneous carbonatite (PIC)-square, as a possible juvenile source of CO2. This was also confirmed by the δ18O and δD values in muscovite from greisens (4.2‰–6.5‰ δ18O, –78.8‰ … –84.0‰ δD). The δ18O values calculated in a fluid equilibrated with hydrothermal minerals indicated a meteoric origin.
Kinase Inhibitory Activities and Molecular Docking of a Novel Series of Anticancer Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Nossier Eman S. , Abd El-Karim Somaia S. , Khalifa Nagy M. , El-Sayed Ali S. , Hassan Emad S. I. , El-Hallouty Salwa M.
Published: November 2018

A series of novel 1,3,4-triarylpyrazoles containing different heterocycles has been prepared, characterized and screened for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against HePG-2, MCF-7, PC-3, A-549 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. The biological results revealed that compound 6 showed the highest anticancer activity so it was subjected to a kinase assay study where it reduced the activity of several protein kinases including AKT1, AKT2, BRAF V600E, EGFR, p38α and PDGFRβ at 100 μM using the radiometric or ADP-Glo assay method. Molecular docking simulation supported the initial kinase assay and suggested a common mode of interaction at the ATP-binding sites of these kinases, which demonstrates that compound 6 is a potential agent for cancer therapy deserving further research.
High-Gradient Cherenkov Radiation Based on a New Dielectric-Loaded Waveguide
Authors: Jiang Shimin , Li Weiwei , He Zhigang , Jia Qika
Published: November 2018

A new type of dielectric-loaded waveguide, the high-gradient dielectric-loaded waveguide (HG-DLW), where the Cherenkov radiation with a high gradient can be excited by relativistic electron, is proposed in this paper. Based on the simulation results, the process of the high-gradient Cherenkov radiation excited in the proposed structure is studied in details, and the amplitude of wakefields excited in proposed structure can be enhanced by over six times compared with that from ordinary dielectric-loaded waveguides.
Specific Exogenetic (External) and Endogenetic (Internal) Effects on Fluvial System Evolution
Authors: Vandenberghe Jef , Bridgland David , Wang Xianyan
Published: November 2018

A collection of papers appears under the title “Special External Effects on Fluvial System Evolution” in the journal, Quaternary. This is a new Special Issue under the aegis of the Fluvial Archives Group (FLAG), illustrating the recent progress made in paleo-fluvial research. These papers highlight the high complexity of the external forcing of fluvial dynamics, and especially, the combined results of several interfering variables. In addition, it appears that the study of fluvial archives cannot be limited to the general and direct effects of external variables, but it also has to include the indirect influences that are regionally variable.
Sustainable Community Development or Voluntourism: Sustainable Housing in Rural Maharashtra
Authors: Melles Gavin
Published: November 2018

Volunteer tourism (‘voluntourism’) packages development and poverty as culturally exotic and ethical experiences for tourists from industrialized countries. Among the various sectors promoting voluntourism, university sector short term study abroad tours network voluntourism agencies, local actors (e.g., NGOs), universities, and government funding to offer students ‘life changing’ community sustainable development experiences. Alongside the purported benefits for all stakeholders, recent criticism points to the commodification of development and poverty through such tours and multiple pernicious effects of such travel, especially the failure to deliver community impact. Given the significant financial, political, and other interests involved, monitoring and evaluating such initiatives against transparent independent sustainability principles has proved complicated. Case studies employing ethical covert research, fieldwork, and secondary data analysis offer one approach. This case study of a purported sustainable housing project in rural Maharashtra, involving a bilateral university-government-local NGO voluntourism ecosystem lead by an Australian Green NGO (AGC) analyses the multiple gaps between participatory community sustainable development and voluntourism. This case study employs content analysis of project reports, visual data from a field visit, recent village documentary analysis, anonymized email communication, and secondary analysis of contextual data to evaluate the claims of participatory sustainable development and project outcomes of a bilateral NGO voluntourism housing project. The study findings signal lack of financial transparency, incompetent assessment of material needs, limited local participation and control, and failure to deliver on objectives. The conclusion recommends that socially responsible short-term international exchanges should be carefully monitored and exchanges should prefer knowledge exchange.
Monitoring Exercise-Induced Muscle Fatigue and Adaptations: Making Sense of Popular or Emerging Indices and Biomarkers
Authors: Theofilidis George , Bogdanis Gregory , Koutedakis Yiannis , Karatzaferi Christina
Published: November 2018

Regular exercise with the appropriate intensity and duration may improve an athlete’s physical capacities by targeting different performance determinants across the endurance–strength spectrum aiming to delay fatigue. The mechanisms of muscle fatigue depend on exercise intensity and duration and may range from substrate depletion to acidosis and product inhibition of adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) and glycolysis. Fatigue mechanisms have been studied in isolated muscles; single muscle fibers (intact or skinned) or at the level of filamentous or isolated motor proteins; with each approach contributing to our understanding of the fatigue phenomenon. In vivo methods for monitoring fatigue include the assessment of various functional indices supported by the use of biochemical markers including blood lactate levels and more recently redox markers. Blood lactate measurements; as an accompaniment of functional assessment; are extensively used for estimating the contribution of the anaerobic metabolism to energy expenditure and to help interpret an athlete’s resistance to fatigue during high intensity exercise. Monitoring of redox indices is gaining popularity in the applied sports performance setting; as oxidative stress is not only a fatigue agent which may play a role in the pathophysiology of overtraining syndrome; but also constitutes an important signaling pathway for training adaptations; thus reflecting training status. Careful planning of sampling and interpretation of blood biomarkers should be applied; especially given that their levels can fluctuate according to an athlete’s lifestyle and training histories.
Préparation de quelques spinelles lacunaires
Authors: Joubert Jean-Claude , Durif-Varambon André
Published: November 2018

On décrit la préparation de quelques titanates et germanates lacunaires de type spinelle. On utilise pour cette préparation une réaction d'échange à l'état solide déjà décrite par les auteurs. Tous les composés lacunaires décrits présentent un ordre 1/3 (lacunes /cations ) sur les sites octaédriques
Synthèse de la spurrite
Authors: Courtault B.
Published: November 2018

La formation de spurrite a été mise en évidence au cours d'une étude de la minéralisation par le fluorure de calcium dans le système SiO₂ — CaO — CO₂ ; sa synthèse est décrite, ses propriétés sont comparées à celles de l'espèce naturelle.
Établissement de la forme d'équilibre d'un cristal (Méthode de Lemmlein˗Klija)
Authors: Bienfait Michel , Kern Raymond
Published: November 2018

La forme d'équilibre d'un cristal est difficilement atteinte expérimentalement. Les auteurs rappellent les conditions préconisées par Lemmlein et Klija, permettant son établissement spontané.

Les conditions expérimentales sont mises en équation par une étude thermodynamique ; on montre que la forme atteinte répond au théorème de Wulf. L'étude des fluctuations du système donne les conditions pour que l'équilibre puisse être atteint le plus rapidement possible.
Cartographie métallogénique, métallotecte et géochimie régionale
Authors: Laffitte Pierre , Permingeat François , Routhier Pierre
Published: November 2018

Dans le domaine de la géologie des gîtes minéraux, on distingue généralement des cartes minières, des cartes de gîtes minéraux, des cartes métallogéniques et des cartes prévisionnelles. Les cartes métallogéniques jouissent d'un vaste regain de faveur. Mais elles posent de difficiles problèmes, notamment dans le choix, en fonction de l'échelle, de ce qui doit être représenté et de ce qui peut être écarté délibérément. La notion de métallotecte, précisée ici, est sans doute de nature à clarifier ce choix. Un métallotecte est un objet géologique qui semble favoriser l'édification d'un gisement ou d'une concentration minérale. Des exemples de métallotectes, à diverses échelles, sont donnés, et les auteurs insistent particulièrement sur la notion de « métallotecte géochimique ».
Étude théorique et détermination optique des constantes élastiques de monocristaux
Authors: Zarembowitch André
Published: November 2018

L'étude théorique de la propagation des ondes élastiques dans un milieu cristallin illimité, puis dans un cristal de dimensions finies permet de dégager les conditions nécessaires pour la détermination précise des constantes élastiques par des méthodes dynamiques (Ondes ultra-sonores) .

Deux méthodes optiques de mesure ont été mises au point :

— La méthode de visualisation sert à déterminer les vitesses de propagation en valeur absolue avec une précision supérieure à 5 m/s.

— La méthode de résonance met en évidence une variation relative de vitesse de trois dix millièmes.

Ces méthodes ont été appliquées à des études de physique cristalline concernant les constantes élastiques. Les résultats principaux sont les suivants :

— L'étude des constantes élastiques de la blende entre + 20° C et — 180°C montre que la température de Debye θD (élastique) de ce cristal, est différente de la température de Debye θD(T), déduite des mesures calorimétriques.

— La mesure des constantes élastiques du sulfate de glycocolle au voisinage de sa température de Curie montre que certaines constantes élastiques à déplacement électrique constant CD ont une variation anormale dans un changement d'état para˗ferroélectrique.

— La détermination des constantes élastiques du chlorate de sodium et du nitrate de plomb montre que les propriétés élastiques de ces cristaux s'interprètent convenablement dans le cadre de la théorie de Voigt.

— L'étude des propriétés élastiques de la glace permet de rapprocher l'anisotropie élastique de ce cristal de son anisotropie structurale.
Contribution à l'étude des réactions d'échange des ions alcalins et alcalino-terreux dans les feldspathoïdes
Authors: Debron Geneviève
Published: November 2018

Réactions de la néphéline avec des solutions de chlorure de K, Ca et Li à des températures comprises entre 250° C et 500° C sous des pressions d'eau de quelques centaines de bars. Formation de kalsilite par réaction avec KCl, des variétés hexagonale et orthorhombique de l'anorthite et d'anorthite par réaction avec CaCl₂, de LiAlSiO₄.2H₂O et d'α˗eucryptite par réaction avec LiCl.

Réactions de la leucite avec des solutions de chlorure de Na, Ca et Li à des températures comprises entre 300° C et 600° C sous des pressions d'eau de quelques centaines de bars. Formation d'analcime et d'un mélange d'albite et de néphéline par réaction avec NaCl, de wairakite et d'anorthite par réaction avec CaCl₂, de LiAlSiO₄.2H₂O et d'α˗eucryptite associés à un composé X non identifié par réaction avec LiCl.

Classification des types de réactions d'échange d'ions dans les tectosilicates.

Équilibre de la néphéline ou de ses produits de transformation, avec des solutions sodi˗potassiques de composition variable depuis des solutions de NaCl jusqu'à des solutions de KC1 à 500° C˗650 bars et 700° C˗1 000 bars.

Équilibre de la leucite ou de ses produits de transformation, avec ces mêmes solutions à 300° C˗85 bars et 600° C˗1 000 bars.

Prévision des assemblages de phases stables dans le système SiO₂-NaAlSiO₄-KAlSiO₄ à 300° C et à 600° C.

Applications pétrographiques.
Étude minéralogique d'un corindon à inclusions titanifères de la craie. Premières indications sur sa répartition stratigraphique
Authors: Capitant M. , Pomerol Charles , Riveline-Bauer Janine
Published: November 2018

A l'observation microscopique, ce minéral présente certains caractères du corindon normal, mais s'en distingue par sa forme irrégulière, sa cassure conchoïdale, une légère coloration rose, verte ou jaune, des teintes de polarisation voisines de celles de la staurotide ainsi que par la présence d'inclusions aciculaires brunâtres.

L'étude aux rayons X donne des diagrammes caractéristiques du corindon mais ne permet pas de préciser la nature minéralogique des inclusions. L'analyse à la microsonde électronique montre qu'en dehors des inclusions visibles, le minéral est composé de 97 % d'Al₂O₃ et de 2 à 3 % de TiO₂.

Nous avons trouvé ce minéral dans certains niveaux de craie et dans les dépôts tertiaires, surtout au voisinage des auréoles crétacées.
Étude cristallographique de nouveaux séléniures de terres rares et de sodium
Authors: Ballestracci Régis , Lewy-Bertaut Erwin Félix
Published: November 2018

On décrit une nouvelle série de séléniures de terres rares et de Na de formule TNaSe₂.

De la même façon que pour les sulfures, on peut y distinguer une première forme A de type NaCl qui ne subsiste plus que pour La et Eu, et une forme B rhomboédrique dont le groupe d'espace est R[-3]m et que l'on peut obtenir pour toutes les terres rares de La à Er.

On met ainsi en évidence le rôle particulier de l'europium et la continuité des formes A et B.
Intérêt des sédiments détritiques endokarstiques en tant qu'archive naturelle ? Discussion autour des dépôts lacustres souterrains (Grottes de Choranche - Vercors)
Authors: Perroux Anne-Sophie
Published: November 2018

Parmi les différentes archives naturelles environnementales, le cas des dépôts détritiques souterrains a été jusqu'alors quelque peu délaissé, en particulier par les analyses et traitements haute résolution. Au travers de l'étude de l'accumulation sédimentaire du lac de la Cathédrale (Grottes de Choranche, Vercors), cet article montre le potentiel d'informations que renferment ces dépôts. À partir de carottes sédimentaires prélevées dans le lac, différentes données sont mesurées (granulométrie, spectrocolorimétrie, susceptibilité magnétique et imagerie en niveaux de gris) puis soumises à des traitements statistiques (ACP, images de Passega...) et du signal (décomposition en ondelette). La stratigraphie des charbons piégés dans le sédiment, et datés par la méthode du carbone 14, n'apparaît pas suffisamment cohérente pour proposer un modèle âge-profondeur satisfaisant. Seules quelques dates permettent de poser que le remplissage sédimentaire du lac couvre au moins les 4000 dernières années, avec un taux moyen de sédimentation estimé à 1,87 mm/an. Les autres résultats de ce travail permettent de comprendre les dynamiques de transport et de dépôt des particules sédimentaires dans un lac endokarstique, notamment en ce qui concerne les épisodes de crue. Le lac de la Cathédrale a un fonctionnement à dominante binaire, avec une sédimentation de fines principalement (décantation), ponctuellement interrompue par les épisodes de crues, qui ont elles-mêmes deux dynamiques différentes (phénomène brutal ou progressif dans la sédimentation). Enfin, l'étude des différents signaux met en évidence un grand nombre de facteurs intervenant dans le contrôle de la sédimentation ; ces facteurs semblent agir majoritairement sur de «petites» échelles de temps (plus de 80 % de la variation du signal granulométrique sont liés à des phénomènes dont la période est inférieure à 40 ans, selon le cadre chronologique posé en première hypothèse).

Le travail réalisé à Choranche montre que les sédiments détritiques endokarstiques contiennent des archives à haute résolution des évolutions environnementales. Sous réserve d'un positionnement chronologique plus précis que celui dont nous disposons à ce jour, les interprétations et reconstitutions paléoenvironnementales permettront d'aller plus loin dans leur lecture.
Le karst du dôme anticlinal d'Aix-les-Bains : nouvelles données sur le panache hydrothermal
Authors: Gallino Stéphanie
Published: November 2018

The karst of the anticlinal dome of Aix-les-Bains : New data on the hydrothermal plume.

The springs Alun and Soufre open on the west side of the Aix-les-Bains anticline. The waters rise from 2200 m in depth and have traversed, through vertical joints, 1 700 m of limestones and the karstified Urgonien strata. This last rock layer causes a divergence in flow, because there are two springs, either clearly hydrothermal, or having hydrothermal characteristics, within 300 m in distance. The aim of this study is to show the relationship that may exist between these springs by tracing experiments, and thus to get an idea about the circulation in the terminal parts of the system. The tracing experiment shows a physical connection between the Alun and Soufre springs and a thermal sump called Therminator. It also allows to localize the upflow tube to be between Therminator and Alun.
Outcomes of the Weighted Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter in Patients at Risk of Percutaneous Catheter Failure
Authors: Stonelake Stephen , Baharani Jyoti , Thomas Mark , Adkins Roger , Hollingsworth Lee , Wilmink Teun
Published: November 2018

Background

The weighted catheter has shown promising results in retrospective and randomized studies. We examined its usefulness in patients with previous failed non-weighted peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters or previous abdominal surgery.

Methods

The insertion, start, end, and removal dates were recorded for all-type catheter insertions from 2011 to 2016. Primary and secondary failure rates were recorded, defined as failure to ever establish flow (primary) or failure after a period of successful PD (secondary). Patients were censored from analysis if PD ended due to death, transfer of care, transfer to hemodialysis, transplantation, or if the patient recovered renal function.

Results

There were 44 weighted, 75 non-weighted open surgical, and 143 percutaneous catheters. There was previous abdominal surgery in 29% and 6% of patients receiving surgically inserted and percutaneous catheters, respectively ( p < 0.0001). Primary failure rates were 4/44 (9%), 20/75 (27%), and 26/143 (18%) in weighted, non-weighted surgical, and percutaneous catheters, respectively. There were reduced primary and secondary failure rates in the weighted (9% primary and 15% secondary) versus non-weighted surgically inserted group (27% primary and 46% secondary) ( p = 0.04). There was no difference between primary ( p = 0.15) and secondary ( p = 0.5) failure rates between weighted and percutaneously inserted catheters. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed overall increased catheter survival in the weighted group ( p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Weighted catheters were associated with increased survival and decreased failure rates compared with non-weighted surgical catheters, despite usage in patients at higher risk of catheter failure due to previous failed catheters and abdominal surgery.
Association of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Level with Residual Kidney Function in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Kawai Yasuhiro , Tanaka Shigeru , Yoshida Hisako , Hara Masatoshi , Tsujikawa Hiroaki , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Kitazono Takanari
Published: November 2018

Background

Residual kidney function (RKF) is an important factor influencing both technique and patient survival in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is considered a marker of cardio-renal syndrome. The relationship between BNP and RKF in PD patients remains unclear.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study of 89 patients who had started and continued PD for 6 months or more in Kyushu University Hospital between June 2006 and September 2015. Participants were divided into low BNP (≤ 102.1 ng/L) and high BNP (> 102.1 ng/L) groups according to median plasma BNP level at PD initiation. The primary outcome was RKF loss, defined as 24-hour urine volume less than 100 mL. We estimated the association between BNP and RKF loss using a Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model and compared the rate of RKF decline between the 2 groups. To evaluate the consistency of the association, we performed subgroup analysis stratified by baseline characteristics.

Results

During the median follow-up of 30 months, 30 patients lost RKF. Participants in the high BNP group had a 5.87-fold increased risk for RKF loss compared with the low BNP group after adjustment for clinical and cardiac parameters. A high plasma BNP level was more clearly associated with RKF loss in younger participants compared with older participants in subgroup analysis.

Conclusions

B-type natriuretic peptide may be a useful risk marker for RKF loss in PD patients. The clinical importance of plasma BNP level as a marker of RKF loss might be affected by age.