bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Paper-Based Test for Screening Newborns for Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Piety Nathaniel Z. , George Alex , Serrano Sonia , Lanzi Maria R. , Patel Palka R. , Noli Maria P. , Kahan Silvina , Nirenberg Damian , Camanda João F. , Airewele Gladstone , Shevkoplyas Sergey S.
Published: April 2017

The high cost, complexity and reliance on electricity, specialized equipment and supplies associated with conventional diagnostic methods limit the scope and sustainability of newborn screening for sickle cell disease (SCD) in sub-Saharan Africa and other resource-limited areas worldwide. Here we describe the development of a simple, low-cost, rapid, equipment- and electricity-free paper-based test capable of detecting sickle hemoglobin (HbS) in newborn blood samples with a limit of detection of 2% HbS. We validated this newborn paper-based test in a cohort of 159 newborns at an obstetric hospital in Cabinda, Angola. Newborn screening results using the paper-based test were compared to conventional isoelectric focusing (IEF). The test detected the presence of HbS with 81.8% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity, and identified SCD newborns with 100.0% sensitivity and 70.7% specificity. The use of the paper-based test in a two-stage newborn screening process could have excluded about 70% of all newborns from expensive confirmatory testing by IEF, without missing any of the SCD newborns in the studied cohort. This study demonstrates the potential utility of the newborn paper-based test for reducing the overall cost of screening newborns for SCD and thus increasing the practicality of universal newborn SCD screening programs in resource-limited settings.
Risk assessment of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ transmission by the psyllids Bactericera trigonica and B. tremblayi from Apiaceae crops to potato
Authors: Antolinez C. A. , Fereres A. , Moreno A.
Published: April 2017

Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) is bacterium transmitted by psyllids to Solanaceae and Apiaceae plants. So far, Lso is found in Europe affecting Apiaceae. In the Mediterranean region, Bactericera trigonica is the only known vector of Lso, but the leek-onion psyllid Bactericera tremblayi is another widespread psyllid and potential vector of Lso. Commonly, carrot, leek and potato are cultivated in the same zones and it is uncertain if these psyllid species are able to transmit Lso to potato plants. Here, we assessed the transmission of Lso by B. trigonica and B. tremblayi to potato plants. B. trigonica showed preference to ingest from the phloem, settle and oviposit on carrot and celery but not on potato. This was correlated with high Lso transmission rates to both carrot (80%) and celery (70%) but very low to potato (≤3%). B. tremblayi preferred leek over carrot and potato, the latter being the less preferred host. B. tremblayi readily ingested from the phloem of infected carrots but failed to transmit Lso from carrot to carrot. Our study shows that the risk of Lso transmission from Apiaceae to potato by B. trigonica is very low, and that B. tremblayi is not a likely vector of Lso.
Identification of Atrial Fibrillation by Quantitative Analyses of Fingertip Photoplethysmogram
Authors: Tang Sung-Chun , Huang Pei-Wen , Hung Chi-Sheng , Shan Shih-Ming , Lin Yen-Hung , Shieh Jiann-Shing , Lai Dar-Ming , Wu An-Yeu , Jeng Jiann-Shing
Published: April 2017

Atrial fibrillation (AF) detection is crucial for stroke prevention. We investigated the potential of quantitative analyses of photoplethysmogram (PPG) waveforms to identify AF. Continuous electrocardiogram (EKG) and fingertip PPG were recorded simultaneously in acute stroke patients (n = 666) admitted to an intensive care unit. Each EKG was visually labeled as AF (n = 150, 22.5%) or non-AF. Linear and nonlinear features from the pulse interval (PIN) and peak amplitude (AMP) of PPG waveforms were extracted from the first 1, 2, and 10 min of data. Logistic regression analysis revealed six independent PPG features feasibly identifying AF rhythm, including three PIN-related (mean, mean of standard deviation, and sample entropy), and three AMP-related features (mean of the root mean square of the successive differences, sample entropy, and turning point ratio) (all p < 0.01). The performance of the PPG analytic program comprising all 6 features that were extracted from the 2-min data was better than that from the 1-min data (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.972 (95% confidence interval 0.951–0.989) vs. 0.949 (0.929–0.970), p < 0.001 and was comparable to that from the 10-min data [0.973 (0.953–0.993)] for AF identification. In summary, our study established the optimal PPG analytic program in reliably identifying AF rhythm.
Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 reduces bacterial translocation in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Sánchez Elisabet , Nieto Juan C. , Vidal Silvia , Santiago Alba , Martinez Xavier , Sancho Francesc J. , Sancho-Bru Pau , Mirelis Beatriz , Corominola Helena , Juárez Candido , Manichanh Chaysavanh , Guarner Carlos , Soriano German
Published: April 2017

Probiotics can prevent pathological bacterial translocation by modulating intestinal microbiota and improving the gut barrier. The aim was to evaluate the effect of a fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 on bacterial translocation in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhosis. Sprague-Dawley rats treated with CCl4 were randomized into a probiotic group that received fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 in drinking water or a water group that received water only. Laparotomy was performed one week after ascites development. We evaluated bacterial translocation, intestinal microbiota, the intestinal barrier and cytokines in mesenteric lymph nodes and serum. Bacterial translocation decreased and gut dysbiosis improved in the probiotic group compared to the water group. The ileal β-defensin-1 concentration was higher and ileal malondialdehyde levels were lower in the probiotic group than in water group. There were no differences between groups in serum cytokines but TNF-α levels in mesenteric lymph nodes were lower in the probiotic group than in the water group. Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 decreases bacterial translocation, gut dysbiosis and ileal oxidative damage and increases ileal β-defensin-1 expression in rats treated with CCl4, suggesting an improvement in the intestinal barrier integrity.
A P25/(NH4)xWO3 hybrid photocatalyst with broad spectrum photocatalytic properties under UV, visible, and near-infrared irradiation
Authors: Yang Linfen , Liu Bin , Liu Tongyao , Ma Xinlong , Li Hao , Yin Shu , Sato Tsugio , Wang Yuhua
Published: April 2017

In this study, a series of hybrid nanostructured photocatalysts P25/(NH4)xWO3nanocomposites with the average crystallite size of P25 and (NH4)xWO3of the sample was calculated to be about 30 nm and 130 nm, were successfully synthesized via a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The as-obtained samples was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which implies that the P25/(NH4)xWO3nanocomposites are fabricated with favourable nanosizd interfacial. The XPS results confirmed that the obtained sample consists of mixed chemical valences of W5+and W6+, the low-valance W5+sites could be the origin of NIR absorption. As revealed by optical absorption results, P25/(NH4)xWO3nanocomposites possess high optical absorption in the whole solar spectrum of 200–2500 nm. Benefiting from this unique photo-absorption property and the synergistic effect of P25 and (NH4)xWO3, broad spectrum response photocatalytic activities covering UV, visible and near infrared regions on degradation of Rhodamine B have been realized by P25/(NH4)xWO3nanocomposites. Meanwhile, the stability of photocatalysts was examined by the XRD and XPS of the photocatalysts after the reaction. The results show that P25/(NH4)xWO3photocatalysts has a brilliant application prospect in the energy utilization to solve deteriorating environmental issues.
Perceived Dangerousness as Related to Psychiatric Symptoms and Psychiatric Service Use – a Vignette Based Representative Population Survey
Authors: Sowislo Julia F. , Gonet-Wirz Franca , Borgwardt Stefan , Lang Undine E. , Huber Christian G.
Published: April 2017

Perceptions of dangerousness are an influential component of mental health stigma and can be driven by the display of psychiatric symptoms and the use of psychiatric service institutions. Yet, no previous study compared symptoms and service use associated perceptions of dangerousness. Therefore, we conducted a representative survey (N = 2,207) in the canton of Basel-Stadt, Switzerland. Participants were asked to answer the perceived dangerousness scale with respect to a vignette that either depicted psychiatric symptoms of a fictitious character or a psychiatric service institution the fictitious character had been admitted to. Between the vignettes, type of symptoms, type of psychiatric service, dangerousness, and gender were systematically varied. Perceived dangerousness was significantly lower as related to psychiatric service use than related to psychiatric symptoms. Overall, symptoms of alcohol dependency, behavior endangering others, and male gender of the fictitious character tend to increase perceived dangerousness. Furthermore, being hospitalized in a psychiatric unit at a general hospital or the rater being familiar with psychiatric services tends to decrease perceived dangerousness. Effective anti-stigma initiatives should integrate education about dangerousness as well as methods to increase familiarity with psychiatry. Additionally, an integration of modern psychiatry in somato-medical care institutions might decrease stigmatization.
Tenofovir Inhibits Wound Healing of Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts from the Upper and Lower Human Female Reproductive Tract
Authors: Rodriguez-Garcia Marta , Patel Mickey V. , Shen Zheng , Bodwell Jack , Rossoll Richard M. , Wira Charles R.
Published: April 2017

Disruption of the epithelium in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is hypothesized to increase HIV infection risk by interfering with barrier protection and facilitating HIV-target cell recruitment. Here we determined whether Tenofovir (TFV), used vaginally in HIV prevention trials, and Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), an improved prodrug of TFV, interfere with wound healing in the human FRT. TFV treatment of primary epithelial cells and fibroblasts from the endometrium (EM), endocervix (CX) and ectocervix (ECX) significantly delayed wound closure. Reestablishment of tight junctions was compromised in EM and CX epithelial cells even after wound closure occurred. In contrast, TAF had no inhibitory effect on wound closure or tight junction formation following injury. TAF accumulated inside genital epithelial cells as TFV-DP, the active drug form. At elevated levels of TAF treatment to match TFV intracellular TFV-DP concentrations, both equally impaired barrier function, while wound closure was more sensitive to TFV. Furthermore, TFV but not TAF increased elafin and MIP3a secretion following injury, molecules known to be chemotactic for HIV-target cells. Our results highlight the need of evaluating antiretroviral effects on genital wound healing in future clinical trials. A possible link between delayed wound healing and increased risk of HIV acquisition deserves further investigation.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated efficient genome editing via blastospore-based transformation in entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Lai Yiling , Wang Lili , Zhai Suzhen , Zou Gen , Zhou Zhihua , Cui Chunlai , Wang Sibao
Published: April 2017

Beauveria bassiana is an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical insecticides against various agricultural insect pests and vectors of human diseases. However, its application has been limited due to slow kill and sensitivity to abiotic stresses. Understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and physiological characteristics would facilitate improvement of the fungal performance. Loss-of-function mutagenesis is the most powerful tool to characterize gene functions, but it is hampered by the low rate of homologous recombination and the limited availability of selectable markers. Here, by combining the use of uridine auxotrophy as recipient and donor DNAs harboring auxotrophic complementation gene ura5 as a selectable marker with the blastospore-based transformation system, we established a highly efficient, low false-positive background and cost-effective CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing system in B. bassiana. This system has been demonstrated as a simple and powerful tool for targeted gene knock-out and/or knock-in in B. bassiana in a single gene disruption. We further demonstrated that our system allows simultaneous disruption of multiple genes via homology-directed repair in a single transformation. This technology will allow us to study functionally redundant genes and holds significant potential to greatly accelerate functional genomics studies of B. bassiana.
Illuminating dynamic neutrophil trans-epithelial migration with micro-optical coherence tomography
Authors: Chu Kengyeh K. , Kusek Mark E. , Liu Linbo , Som Avira , Yonker Lael M. , Leung Huimin , Cui Dongyao , Ryu Jinhyeob , Eaton Alexander D. , Tearney Guillermo J. , Hurley Bryan P.
Published: April 2017

A model of neutrophil migration across epithelia is desirable to interrogate the underlying mechanisms of neutrophilic breach of mucosal barriers. A co-culture system consisting of a polarized mucosal epithelium and human neutrophils can provide a versatile model of trans-epithelial migration in vitro, but observations are typically limited to quantification of migrated neutrophils by myeloperoxidase correlation, a destructive assay that precludes direct longitudinal study. Our laboratory has recently developed a new isotropic 1-μm resolution optical imaging technique termed micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) that enables 4D (x,y,z,t) visualization of neutrophils in the co-culture environment. By applying μOCT to the trans-epithelial migration model, we can robustly monitor the spatial distribution as well as the quantity of neutrophils chemotactically crossing the epithelial boundary over time. Here, we demonstrate the imaging and quantitative migration results of our system as applied to neutrophils migrating across intestinal epithelia in response to a chemoattractant. We also demonstrate that perturbation of a key molecular event known to be critical for effective neutrophil trans-epithelial migration (CD18 engagement) substantially impacts this process both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Towards Terawatt Sub-Cycle Long-Wave Infrared Pulses via Chirped Optical Parametric Amplification and Indirect Pulse Shaping
Authors: Yin Yanchun , Chew Andrew , Ren Xiaoming , Li Jie , Wang Yang , Wu Yi , Chang Zenghu
Published: April 2017

We present an approach for both efficient generation and amplification of 4–12 μm pulses by tailoring the phase matching of the nonlinear crystal Zinc Germanium Phosphide (ZGP) in a narrowband-pumped optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) and a broadband-pumped dual-chirped optical parametric amplifier (DC-OPA), respectively. Preliminary experimental results are obtained for generating 1.8–4.2 μm super broadband spectra, which can be used to seed both the signal of the OPCPA and the pump of the DC-OPA. The theoretical pump-to-idler conversion efficiency reaches 27% in the DC-OPA pumped by a chirped broadband Cr2+:ZnSe/ZnS laser, enabling the generation of Terawatt-level 4–12 μm pulses with an available large-aperture ZGP. Furthermore, the 4–12 μm idler pulses can be compressed to sub-cycle pulses by compensating the tailored positive chirp of the idler pulses using the bulk compressor NaCl, and by indirectly controlling the higher-order idler phase through tuning the signal (2.4–4.0 μm) phase with a commercially available acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter (AOPDF). A similar approach is also described for generating high-energy 4–12 μm sub-cycle pulses via OPCPA pumped by a 2 μm Ho:YLF laser.
Enhancement of tetragonal anisotropy and stabilisation of the tetragonal phase by Bi/Mn-double-doping in BaTiO3 ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Yabuta Hisato , Tanaka Hidenori , Furuta Tatsuo , Watanabe Takayuki , Kubota Makoto , Matsuda Takanori , Ifuku Toshihiro , Yoneda Yasuhiro
Published: April 2017

To stabilise ferroelectric-tetragonal phase of BaTiO3, the double-doping of Bi and Mn up to 0.5 mol% was studied. Upon increasing the Bi content in BaTiO3:Mn:Bi, the tetragonal crystal-lattice-constants a and c shrank and elongated, respectively, resulting in an enhancement of tetragonal anisotropy, and the temperature-range of the ferroelectric tetragonal phase expanded. X-ray absorption fine structure measurements confirmed that Bi and Mn were located at the A(Ba)-site and B(Ti)-site, respectively, and Bi was markedly displaced from the centrosymmetric position in the BiO12 cluster. This A-site substitution of Bi also caused fluctuations of B-site atoms. Magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed a change in the Mn valence from +4 to +3 upon addition of the same molar amount of Bi as Mn, probably resulting from a compensating behaviour of the Mn at Ti4+ sites for donor doping of Bi3+ into the Ba2+ site. Because addition of La3+ instead of Bi3+ showed neither the enhancement of the tetragonal anisotropy nor the stabilisation of the tetragonal phase, these phenomena in BaTiO3:Mn:Bi were not caused by the Jahn-Teller effect of Mn3+ in the MnO6 octahedron, but caused by the Bi-displacement, probably resulting from the effect of the 6 s lone-pair electrons in Bi3+.
Interactions of the innate immune system with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Pondman Kirsten M. , Salvador-Morales Carolina , Paudyal Basudev , Sim Robert B. , Kishore Uday
Published: April 2017

The complement system can interact with nanoparticles and alter the intended therapeutic targeting.
Theoretical investigation of CO catalytic oxidation by a Fe–PtSe2 monolayer
Authors: Lyu Pengbo , He Junjie , Nachtigall Petr
Published: April 2017

Theoretical prediction of efficient catalytic CO oxidation over a Fe–PtSe2 monolayer.
Recent advances in organic polymer thermoelectric composites
Authors: Chen Guangming , Xu Wei , Zhu Daoben
Published: April 2017

In this review, recent advances in organic polymer thermoelectric composites, mainly focusing on the preparation strategies to achieve enhanced thermoelectric performance, have been discussed.
Composition dependent magnetic and ferroelectric properties of hydrothermally synthesized GdFe1−xCrxO3 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) perovskites
Authors: Qiao Yu , Zhou Yanfeng , Wang Shan , Yuan Long , Du Yanyan , Lu Dayong , Che Guangbo , Che Huinan
Published: April 2017

The hydrothermal synthesis and magnetic, dielectric and ferroelectric property characterization of ABO3-perovskite GdFe1−xCrxO3 (0 < x < 1) are reported.
Deciphering of interactions between platinated DNA and HMGB1 by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Du Zhifeng , Zheng Wei , Wu Kui , Xu Decheng , Luo Qun , Zhao Yao , Han Juanjuan , Liu Yangzhong , Wang Fuyi
Published: April 2017

The Phe37 residue in HMGB1a forms multi-layer π–π stacking, playing a crucial role in the interaction of HMGB1a with mono-transplatinated DNA.
Interface design for high-efficiency non-fullerene polymer solar cells
Authors: Sun Chen , Wu Zhihong , Hu Zhanhao , Xiao Jingyang , Zhao Wenchao , Li Ho-Wa , Li Qing-Ya , Tsang Sai-Wing , Xu Yun-Xiang , Zhang Kai , Yip Hin-Lap , Hou Jianhui , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: April 2017

The contact between the n-type interlayer and the donor provides an extra interface for charge dissociation.
Chemical constituents, radical scavenging activity and enzyme inhibitory capacity of fruits from Cotoneaster pannosus Franch.
Authors: Les Francisco , López Víctor , Caprioli Giovanni , Iannarelli Romilde , Fiorini Dennis , Innocenti Marzia , Bellumori Maria , Maggi Filippo
Published: April 2017

Cotoneaster pannosus(Rosaceae) is a semievergreen shrub, producing globose dark red pomes, native to China and widely used as an ornamental plant all over the world.
Self-regulatory factors of embryonic stem cells in co-culture with stromal cells enhance neural differentiation
Authors: Joshi R. , Buchanan J. C. , Tavana H.
Published: April 2017

Adding co-culture derived medium to a culture of a single colony of mESCs on stromal cells significantly enhances neural differentiation compared to the medium derived from the stromal cells only.
Beyond “decorative” 2D supramolecular self-assembly: strategies towards functional surfaces for nanotechnology
Authors: Sosa-Vargas Lydia , Kim Eunkyoung , Attias André-Jean
Published: April 2017

Designing new molecular building blocks for functional supramolecular self-assembly at surfaces.
Ru(ii)-Catalyzed annulation of benzamidines and alkynes by C–H/N–H activation: a facile synthesis of 1-aminoisoquinolines
Authors: Kaishap P. P. , Duarah G. , Chetia D. , Gogoi S.
Published: April 2017

Ru(ii)-Catalyzed annulation reaction of benzamidines and disubstituted alkynes affords 1-aminoisoquinolines.
A method for accessing sulfanylfurans from homopropargylic alcohols and sulfonyl hydrazides
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Yan Rulong
Published: April 2017

A sulfenylation/cyclization reaction has been developed for the synthesis of sulfanylfurans in the presence of iodine.
The synthesis and self-assembly of bioconjugates composed of thermally-responsive polymer chains and pendant lysozyme molecules
Authors: Ji Xiaotian , Liu Li , Zhao Hanying
Published: April 2017

Thermal-responsive polymer chains with pendant lysozyme molecules were prepared via a “grafting to” approach. The bioconjugates were able to self-assemble into mesoglobules at a temperature above their cloud point.
Control of aggregation-induced emission versus fluorescence aggregation-caused quenching by bond existence at a single site in boron pyridinoiminate complexes
Authors: Yamaguchi Madoka , Ito Shunichiro , Hirose Amane , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: April 2017

The control of luminescence properties between fluorescence aggregation-caused quenching and aggregation-induced emission with or without a chemical bond at a single site in boron complexes was accomplished.
Analytical method for metabolites involved in biosynthesis of plant volatile compounds
Authors: Fu Xiumin , Zhou Ying , Zeng Lanting , Dong Fang , Mei Xin , Liao Yinyin , Watanabe Naoharu , Yang Ziyin
Published: April 2017

The progress in the successful techniques used for studying metabolites involved in the metabolic routes of plant volatiles is summarized.
Enzyme immobilization on metal oxide semiconductors exploiting amine functionalized layer
Authors: Kim Hojoong , Kwon Jang-Yeon
Published: April 2017

The immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) on indium-gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin films is studied in order to fabricate a high performance biosensor.
Abnormal adsorption and desorption behavior of pharmaceutical drugs on polystyrene microspheres
Authors: Wang Teng , Zheng Yajun , Wang Xiaoting , Wang Qiang , Ke Congyu , Austin Daniel E. , Han Xiaoxiao , Zhang Zhiping
Published: April 2017

We report an abnormal adsorption and desorption behavior where a stronger adsorption interaction between polystyrene particles and pharmaceutical drugs results in preferable desorption behavior.
Functionalization of BaTiO3 nanoparticles with electron insulating and conducting organophosphazene-based hybrid materials
Authors: Pappas George S. , Wan Chaoying , Bowen Chris , Haddleton David M. , Huang Xiaobin
Published: April 2017

Structuring of core–shell dielectric nanoparticles.
Inhibited/enhanced fluorescence of embedded fluorescent defects by manipulation of spontaneous emission based on photonic stopband
Authors: Jin Feng , Xu Liang , Zheng Mei-Ling , Wang Jing-Xia , Dong Xian-Zi , Zhao Zhen-Sheng , Song Yan-Lin , Duan Xuan-Ming
Published: April 2017

We demonstrate inhibition and enhancement of fluorescence of embedded fluorescent defects in colloidal crystals incorporated by two-photon polymerization.
Continuous flow synthesis of antimalarials: opportunities for distributed autonomous chemical manufacturing
Authors: Howard Joseph L. , Schotten Christiane , Browne Duncan L.
Published: April 2017

The concept of distributed manufacturing of chemicals is presented and discussed, with specific focus on the context of preparing molecules that can combat the development of geographically-localised resistant strains of infectious pathogens.
Core/shell-structured hyperbranched aromatic polyamide functionalized graphene nanosheets-poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) nanocomposite films with improved dielectric properties and thermostability
Authors: Feng Hao , Ma Wenjun , Cui Zhong-Kai , Liu Xiaoyun , Gu Jinlou , Lin Shaoliang , Zhuang Qixin
Published: April 2017

Core/shell-structured GNs-HAP-PBO nanocomposite films with high energy storage density and thermostability were obtained via in situ polymerization.
A facile immersion-curing approach to surface-tailored poly(vinyl alcohol)/silica underwater superoleophobic coatings with improved transparency and robustness
Authors: Gu Yunjiao , Yang Jiahua , Zhou Shuxue
Published: April 2017

Robust and transparent superhydrophilic/underwater-superoleophobic self-cleaning composite coatings with hierarchical surfaces can be realized with low filler contents simply through immersion-curing.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs)-derived advanced functional materials for energy and environmental applications: challenges, opportunities, and future vision
Authors: Ge Xiang , Gu Changdong , Wang Xiuli , Tu Jiangping
Published: April 2017

This review aims to inspire more researchers to explore potential energy and environmental applications of DESs and their derivatives.
A Diagnostic Marker to Discriminate Childhood Apraxia of Speech From Speech Delay: Introduction
Authors: Shriberg Lawrence D. , Strand Edythe A. , Fourakis Marios , Jakielski Kathy J. , Hall Sheryl D. , Karlsson Heather B. , Mabie Heather L. , McSweeny Jane L. , Tilkens Christie M. , Wilson David L.
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The goal of this article is to introduce the pause marker (PM), a single-sign diagnostic marker proposed to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) from speech delay.
CFBDSIR 2149-0403: young isolated planetary-mass object or high-metallicity low-mass brown dwarf?
Authors: Delorme P. , Dupuy T. , Gagné J. , Reylé C. , Forveille T. , Liu M. C. , Artigau E. , Albert L. , Delfosse X. , Allard F. , Homeier D. , Malo L. , Morley C. , Naud M. E. , Bonnefoy M.
Published: April 2017

Aims. We conducted a multi-wavelength, multi-instrument observational characterisation of the candidate free-floating planet CFBDSIR J214947.2−040308.9, a late T-dwarf with possible low-gravity features, in order to constrain its physical properties.

Methods. We analysed nine hours of X-shooter spectroscopy with signal detectable from 0.8 to 2.3 μm, as well as additional photometry in the mid-infrared using the Spitzer Space Telescope. Combined with a VLT/HAWK-I astrometric parallax, this enabled a full characterisation of the absolute flux from the visible to 5 μm, encompassing more than 90% of the expected energy emitted by such a cool late T-type object. Our analysis of the spectrum also provided the radial velocity and therefore the determination of its full 3D kinematics.

Results. While our new spectrum confirms the low gravity and/or high metallicity of CFBDSIR 2149, the parallax and kinematics safely rule out membership to any known young moving group, including AB Doradus. We use the equivalent width of the K i doublet at 1.25 μm as a promising tool to discriminate the effects of low-gravity from the effects of high-metallicity on the emission spectra of cool atmospheres. In the case of CFBDSIR 2149, the observed K i doublet clearly favours the low-gravity solution.

Conclusions. CFBDSIR 2149 is therefore a peculiar late-T dwarf that is probably a young, planetary-mass object (2–13 MJup, <500 Myr) possibly similar to the exoplanet 51 Eri b, or perhaps a 2–40 MJup brown dwarf with super-solar metallicity.
Comparing Plastic Surgery and Otolaryngology Management in Cleft Care: An Analysis of 4,999 Cases
Authors: Jubbal Kevin T. , Zavlin Dmitry , Olorunnipa Shola , Echo Anthony , Buchanan Edward P. , Hollier Larry H.
Published: April 2017

Care for patients with cleft lip and palate is best managed by a craniofacial team consisting of a variety of specialists, including surgeons, who are generally plastic surgeons or otolaryngologists trained in the United States. The goal of this study was to compare the surgical approaches and management algorithms of cleft lip, cleft palate, and nasal reconstruction between plastic surgeons and otolaryngologists.

We performed a retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric database between 2012 and 2014 to identify patients undergoing primary repair of cleft lip, cleft palate, and associated rhinoplasty. Two cohorts based on primary specialty, plastic surgeons and otolaryngologists, were compared in relation to patient characteristics, 30-day postoperative outcomes, procedure type, and intraoperative variables.

Plastic surgeons performed the majority of surgical repairs, with 85.5% ( n = 1,472) of cleft lip, 79.3% ( n = 2,179) of cleft palate, and 87.9% ( n = 465) of rhinoplasty procedures. There was no difference in the age of primary cleft lip repair or rhinoplasty. However, plastic surgeons performed primary cleft palate repair earlier than otolaryngologists ( p = 0.03). Procedure type varied between the specialties. In rhinoplasty, otolaryngologists were more likely to use septal or ear cartilage, whereas plastic surgeons preferred rib cartilage. Results were similar, with no statistically significant difference in terms of mortality, reoperation, readmission, or complications.

Significant variation exists in the treatment of cleft lip and palate based on specialty service with regard to procedure timing and type. However, short-term rates of mortality, wound occurrence, reoperation, readmission, and surgical or medical complications remain similar.
Unusual Superolateral Dislocation of Mandibular Condyle
Authors: Rahman Tabishur
Published: April 2017

We describe a case of maxillofacial trauma in a pediatric patient in whom the mandibular condyle was superolaterally displaced into the temporal fossa, medial to the zygomatic arch which was intact. In addition, there was an associated mandibular symphyseal fracture. To our knowledge, this case is the first of its kind to be reported in the literature. We also observed a complication in the form of development of ankylosis in the involved joint which required another surgery.
A Model for the Management of Female Sexual Dysfunctions
Authors: Scalco Sandra Cristina Poerner , Troncon Júlia Kefalás , Lopes Gerson Pereira , Lara Lúcia Alves da Silva
Published: April 2017

Introduction Sexual pleasure is fundamental for the maintenance of health and well-being, but it may be adversely affected by medical and psychosocial conditions. Many patients only feel that their health is fully restored after they resume normal sexual activities. Any discussion of sexuality in a doctor's office is typically limited, mainly because of a lack of models or protocols available to guide the discussion of the topic.

Objectives To present a model designed to guide gynecologists in the management of female sexual complaints.

Methods This study presents a protocol used to assess women's sexual problems. A semi-structured interview is used to assess sexual function, and the teaching, orienting and permitting (TOP) intervention model that was designed to guide gynecologists in the management of sexual complaints.

Results The use of protocols may facilitate the discussion of sexual issues in gynecological settings, and has the potential to provide an effective approach to the complex aspects of sexual dysfunction in women. The TOP model has three phases: teaching the sexual response, in which the gynecologist explains the physiology of the female sexual response, and focuses on the three main phases thereof (desire, excitement and orgasm); orienting a woman toward sexual health, in which sexual education is used to provide information on the concept and healthy experience of sexuality; and permitting and stimulating sexual pleasure, which is based on the assumption that sexual pleasure is an individual right and is important for the physical and emotional well-being.

Conclusion The use of protocols may provide an effective approach to deal with female sexual dysfunction in gynecological offices.
Krankheitskonzepte von Patienten mit Schizophrenie: Eine triangulierende Untersuchung
Authors: Wigand Moritz , Reichhardt Lea , Lang Fabian , Krumm Silvia , Jäger Markus
Published: April 2017

Ziel der Untersuchung Krankheitskonzepte von Menschen mit Schizophrenie-Spektrum-Störungen zu untersuchen.

Methodik Krankheitskonzeptskala (KK-S) und Ursachenkonzeptskala (UKS) wurden eingesetzt (n = 40) sowie offene Fragen (n = 7). Triangulierend wurden quantitative und qualitative Daten verglichen.

Ergebnisse Heterogenes Bild mit Teilaspekten biologischer und psychosozialer Krankheitsmodelle.

Schlussfolgerung Krankheitskonzepte stellen ein komplexes Phänomen mit Bedeutung für die klinische Praxis dar. Triangulierende Ansätze bieten sich für weitere Untersuchungen an.
Verwirklichungschancen unter chronisch psychisch erkrankten Menschen: erste Erfahrung in der Anwendung einer deutschen Vorabversion des OxCAP-MH im Rahmen des BAESCAP-Forschungsverbunds
Authors: Baumgardt Johanna , Daum Marcel , von dem Knesebeck Olaf , Speck Andreas , Röh Dieter
Published: April 2017

Ziele Psychometrische Untersuchung des deutschen OxCAP-MH zur Erfassung von Verwirklichungschancen unter chronisch psychisch erkrankten Menschen.

Methodik Schriftliche Befragungen in Hamburg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern unter Empfängern von Eingliederungshilfeleistungen (N = 1064).

Ergebnisse Der Fragebogen weist gute Ergebnisse hinsichtlich einer eindimensionalen Erfassung von Verwirklichungschancen auf.

Schlussfolgerungen Vorliegende Analysen zeigen den Mehrwert, die Begrenzungen sowie unterschiedliche Optimierungsmöglichkeiten des Instruments für die Versorgungsforschung und die Evaluation in der sozialpsychiatrischen Praxis auf.
Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Iridoids and Phenylpropanoids from Aerial Parts of Lamium album and Their Anti-inflammatory Activity in Human Neutrophils
Authors: Czerwińska Monika , Świerczewska Anita , Woźniak Marta , Kiss Anna
Published: April 2017

In traditional medicine, flowers and aerial parts of Lamium album are assigned by their anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and mucolytic activities, and are used in chronic bronchitis and pharyngitis as well as skin, vaginal, and cervical inflammation.

The aim of the present study was to compare effects of ethanolic extracts prepared from flowers and aerial parts of L. album on selected functions of human neutrophils, which are involved in an inflammatory response. In order to identify the compounds engaged in the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts, the bioassay-guided isolation of compounds was performed based on the inhibition of cytokine secretion by stimulated neutrophils.

The extracts were phytochemically characterized with the HPLC-DAD-MSn method. The inhibition of reactive oxygen species production by formyl-met-leu-phenylalanine- or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated neutrophils was determined using luminol- or lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence. The effect on myeloperoxidase secretion by neutrophils was established spectrophotometrically. The levels of cytokine (interleukin 8, TNF-α) production after extract treatment was measured by ELISA.

The most abundant constituents of extracts were phenylpropanoids, iridoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Both extracts at concentrations of 25 and 100 µg/mL significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species production, and myeloperoxidase and interleukin 8 secretion. The phenylethanoid glycosides, such as lamiusides A, B, and C as well as 6″-O-β-D-glucopyranosylmartynoside, were isolated and identified. The cells treated with 6″-O-β-D-glucopyranosylmartynoside and lamiuside B produced 29.47 ± 7.11 % and 64.67 ± 5.25 % of interleukin 8, respectively, compared to non-treated control cells.

Our results support the traditional use of L. album and indicate it as a potential source of natural anti-inflammatory constituents, such as phenylpropanoids.
Room temperature magnetoresistance in an organic spin valve with an aromatic hydrocarbon macrocycle
Authors: Suzuki Kazuya Z. , Izumi Tomoo , Zhang Xianmin , Sugihara Atsushi , Pham Song-Toan , Taka Hideo , Sato Sota , Isobe Hiroyuki , Mizukami Shigemi
Published: April 2017

Aromatic hydrocarbon macrocycles, which have a conjugated π-electron system, are potentially useful for various organic device applications, although there have been no attempts to apply them to organic spin valves (OSVs). Here, we studied OSVs with [6]cyclo-2,7-naphthylene (CNAP), a type of aromatic hydrocarbon macrocycle. OSV stacking structures of Co/AlOx/CNAP/Ni80Fe20 with different CNAP thicknesses were fabricated, and the transport properties of the OSVs were measured from 300 to 5 K. A magnetoresistance of approximately 1%-2% at 300 K (4%-6% at 5 K) was observed for 15-nm-thick OSVs, showing the potential for organic spintronics based on aromatic hydrocarbon macrocycles.
Elevated Plasma Transforming Growth Factor β1 Levels Predict the Development of Hypertension in Normotensives: The 14-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Nakao Erika , Adachi Hisashi , Enomoto Mika , Fukami Ako , Kumagai Eita , Nakamura Sachiko , Nohara Yume , Kono Shoko , Sakaue Akiko , Morikawa Nagisa , Tsuru Tomoko , Fukumoto Yoshihiro
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine. There is growing evidence that TGF-β1 is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and the development of target organ damage in hypertensives. Although several studies have shown that TGF-β1 induced vascular hypertrophy and remodelling in various vascular diseases, there are no longitudinal data on hypertension in the epidemiological studies. The present study tested the hypothesis whether elevated TGF-β1 levels can predict the development of hypertension.

METHODS

In 2002–2004, 528 subjects received health examinations in Uku town, southwestern Japan. We examined blood pressure (BP), body mass index, and blood test. Data on fasting plasma TGF-β1 were obtained from 528 individuals. Of these, 149 normotensives (BP <140/90 mm Hg without antihypertensive medications) at baseline were followed-up for 14 years.

RESULTS

The receiver-operating characteristic curve was used and the calculated cutoff value was 8.9 ng/ml. Of 149 normotensives at baseline, 59 subjects developed hypertension. Plasma TGF-β1 levels were significantly associated with the development of hypertension after adjustment for confounding factors. To further examine the association between them, we performed logistic regression analysis. We divided the baseline plasma TGF-β1 levels into 2 groups using a cutoff value. The significant high odds ratio [3.582 (95% confidence interval, 1.025–12.525)] for the development of hypertension was found in the highest group of TGF-β1 level vs. the lowest group after adjustment for confounders.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first report demonstrating the causal relationship between them. Elevated plasma TGF-β1 levels predicted the development of hypertension in normotensives in a population of community-dwelling Japanese.
The Versatile Brainstem
Authors: Mason Peggy
Published: April 2017

The role of the brainstem in life is detailed from both medical and legal points of view. This chapter describes how the brainstem divides up the fundamental processes of human life, with the most automatic and basic ones supported most caudally and progressively more expressive functions depending on more rostral brainstem regions. The text then steps through the internal anatomy of the brainstem with a focus on cranial nerve nuclei. The location of the three long tracts is followed for the length of the brainstem, and the course of the corticobulbar tract is presented. A primer on the anatomy of the cerebellum is capped by introducing ataxia, the classic symptom stemming from ipsilateral cerebellar damage.
Voluntary Motor Control
Authors: Mason Peggy
Published: April 2017

The motor hierarchy uses muscle twitches as building blocks for complex and consciously driven actions requiring neocortical involvement. Cortical regions operate in concert with the cerebellum and basal ganglia to generate well-timed and organized muscle contractions that produce movements, ranging from simple to complex. Once imbued with meaning, these movements are considered actions. Adjustments in motor commands are made to accommodate changes in muscle load, maintain an upright posture, and anticipate and avoid errors. Brainstem motor control centers employ circuits in lower parts of the motor hierarchy to produce fairly complex movements, such as ingestion or locomotion. Since the brain adds meaning to movements, two different actions can share the same component movements and serve different end goals. Brain lesions may independently impair movements made under different contexts. For example, patients may be unable to smile volitionally while retaining the ability to smile in response to a joke.
Oxford Handbook of Neonatology
Authors: Fox Grenville , Watts Timothy , Hoque Nicholas
Published: April 2017

Now in its second edition, the Oxford Handbook of Neonatology is a user-friendly guide for all healthcare professionals involved in the care of newborns. Accessible, practical, and updated with the latest evidence, this new addition to the bestselling Oxford Medical Handbook series is a key resource designed for use at the cot-side. Using guidance from the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and including the most up-to-date NICE guidelines, the second edition of this handbook uses diagrams and an easy-to-assimilate format to cover good communication practice, neonatal emergencies, and technical procedures. With a new chapter on endocrinology, and fully updated and expanded sections covering therapeutic hypothermia and developmental care, amongst other advances in the field, the Oxford Handbook of Neonatology addresses post-natal and antenatal care and commonly encountered problems. It includes specific sections on cardiology, neurology, and haematology alongside other key areas needed for the clinician working with newborns.
Admission, discharge, and outcome
Authors: Fox Grenville , Hoque Nicholas , Watts Timothy
Published: April 2017

This chapter provides an overview of general issues encountered when babies are admitted to the Neonatal Unit, including routine documentation, monitoring, assessment of gestational age, initial care of the extremely premature infant, assessment and management of pain, perioperative management, and concepts of developmental care. It also provides information on admission criteria, follow-up, and long-term outcome of the very preterm baby.
Respiratory problems
Authors: Fox Grenville , Hoque Nicholas , Watts Timothy
Published: April 2017

This chapter outlines the causes and initial management of respiratory distress in the newborn and gives a comprehensive description and guidelines for the management of common neonatal respiratory conditions such as surfactant deficiency lung disease, chronic lung disease of prematurity, and meconium aspiration syndrome. Congenital malformations of the respiratory system are detailed, including diaphragmatic hernia, and upper airway problems and obstruction. A separate chapter on neonatal respiratory support (Chapter 8) gives further detail on ventilation and non-invasive respiratory support.
Respiratory support
Authors: Fox Grenville , Hoque Nicholas , Watts Timothy
Published: April 2017

This chapter includes sections on various modes of both invasive (i.e. via an endotracheal tube) and non-invasive respiratory support in neonates, including conventional ventilation, volume-targeted ventilation, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), nasal continuous positive airways pressure (nCPAP), nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nIPPV), and high and low-flow nasal cannula oxygen. There is also a brief section on the care of babies with a tracheostomy as well as management of babies requiring home oxygen. Reference is made to the most recent European Consensus Guidelines. A separate chapter on neonatal respiratory problems (Chapter 7) gives further detail on common lung pathologies requiring respiratory support in neonates.
Nephrological and urological problems
Authors: Fox Grenville , Hoque Nicholas , Watts Timothy
Published: April 2017

This chapter gives a brief overview of haemopoiesis and describes common haematological problems in the newborn period, with practical evidence-based guidance to investigation (including coagulation screening) and treatment. Topics include anaemia, haemolytic disease of the newborn, polycythaemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. An overview of clotting problems includes haemophilias, vitamin K dependent bleeding, thrombophilia and thrombosis.
The history of communication skills knowledge and training
Authors: Lipkin Mack
Published: April 2017

This chapter provides historical overview of communication skills knowledge in cancer care. Topics discussed include the role communication plays in classical accounts of medicine, medical education, the Lipkin model, American Academy on Communication in Healthcare, and Cancer Research Campaign Studies in the United Kingdom. Most of the history of communication skills knowledge and teaching derives from work and studies done in general medicine, or further afield, rather than in cancer care. This chapter includes such material because much of our communication knowledge and skill is generic, crosses specific applications and content areas like cancer care, and because the most useful conceptual frameworks and approaches began elsewhere and have only partially been rendered cancer specific.
Models of communication skills training and their practical implications
Authors: Brown Richard F. , Wuensch Alexander , Bylund Carma L.
Published: April 2017

Several models of physician–patient communication that have served as conceptual frameworks for communication skills training have been described over recent years. In this chapter, we review the following models: the E4 Model; Three-function model; Calgary–Cambridge Observation Guide; Patient-Centred Clinical Method; SEGUE Framework; Four Habits Model; and SPIKES. We then discuss the strengths and limitations of these models and describe a model we developed, the Comskil Conceptual Model. Communication skills training for healthcare professionals (CST) is an effective means to ensure high-quality communication. Physician–patient consultation communication is a dynamic, individual process, and the personality, attitudes, values, and beliefs of individuals influence the communication process. Furthermore, culture plays an important role in determining how communication proceeds, and it is important to take this into account while gaining an understanding of the various models that exist for teaching communication skills training.