bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syphilis presenting as optic neuritis and subdural haematoma with complicating neuro Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Melgar Thomas A , Abdulhak Munzer , Sand Emma
Published: September 2024

A man in his 50s presented with a 3-week history of painless blurry vision. The ocular examination showed decreased visual acuity and 3+ bilateral papilloedema. A CT of the brain without contrast revealed a 5 mm left subdural haematoma. Anti-treponemal IgG antibodies were positive, and a reflex rapid plasma regain (RPR) was >1:64. HIV serology was negative. Ophthalmology and infectious diseases agreed that the presentation was consistent with ocular syphilis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed an elevated CSF protein of 52 mg/dL and CSF Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) of 1:1. Penicillin was started. The patient developed a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction soon after. He had a fever, rash and worsening headaches due to the enlargement of subdural haematoma for which he underwent a burr hole drainage. Vision improved after completing penicillin therapy but did not recover fully. The CSF VDRL became non-reactive and serum RPR titre decreased to 1:8 3 months later.
Doxycycline-associated acute pancreatitis: a rare adverse effect of a commonly prescribed antibiotic
Authors: Goldin Melissa Rachel , Petry Rachael , Goyal Parul
Published: September 2024

In this case, a woman in her 80s presented to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis that began after starting a course of doxycycline. Common aetiologies of acute pancreatitis, including alcohol use, gallstones and hypertriglyceridaemia were ruled out. Less common aetiologies, including recent Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure, hypercalcaemia, malignancy, infection and trauma, were also ruled out, making drug-induced acute pancreatitis the most likely aetiology. After consideration of her medication list, doxycycline was determined to be the offending medication. On discontinuation and treatment with fluids and analgesics, her condition slowly improved.

This case illustrates a rare but severe complication of doxycycline use. Determining the aetiology of drug-induced acute pancreatitis is more difficult in older patients due to high rates of polypharmacy. Recognition of doxycycline as an aetiology of drug-induced pancreatitis may allow earlier recognition and intervention in cases of suspected pancreatitis without a clear common aetiology in older patients with polypharmacy.
Association between personality, lifestyle behaviors, and cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study of UK Biobank data
Authors: Park Chan Soon , Choi Jaewon , Kwak Soongu , Lee Seung-Pyo , Kim Hyung-Kwan , Kim Yong-Jin , Kwak Soo Heon , Park Jun-Bean
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Various strategies aim to better assess risks and refine prevention for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who vary in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the prognostic value of personality and its association with lifestyle factors remain elusive.

Research design and methods

We identified 8794 patients with T2DM from the UK Biobank database between 2006 and 2010 and followed them up until the end of 2021. We assessed personality traits using the Big Five proxies derived from UK Biobank data: sociability, warmth, diligence, curiosity, and nervousness. Healthy lifestyle behaviors were determined from information about obesity, smoking status, and physical activity. The primary outcome was a composite of incident CVD, including myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke (IS), atrial fibrillation (AF), and heart failure (HF).

Results

During a median follow-up of 13.6 years, a total of 2110 patients experienced CVDs. Among personality traits, diligence was significantly associated with a reduced risk of primary and secondary outcomes. The adjusted HRs with 95% CIs were: composite CVD, 0.93 (0.89–0.97); MI 0.90 (0.82–1.00); IS 0.83 (0.74–0.94); AF 0.92 (0.85–0.98); HF 0.84 (0.76–0.91). Healthy lifestyle behaviors significantly reduced the risk of composite CVDs in groups with high and low diligence. The findings of a structural equation model showed that diligence directly affected the risk of the primary outcome or indirectly by modifying lifestyle behaviors.

Conclusion

This study revealed which personality traits can influence CVD risk during T2DM and how patients might benefit from adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors in relation to personality.
Circulating tumour cell clusters: isolation, biological significance and therapeutic implications
Authors: Yang Yufan , Huang Guanyin , Lian Jingru , Long Chunhao , Zhao Boxi , Liu Xuefei , Zhang Binyu , Ye Weijian , Chen Junhao , Du Longxiang , Jiang Zhuofeng , Liu Jialing , Zhang Jianglin , Hu Chengzhi , Chen Qingfeng , Hong Xin
Published: September 2024

Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and CTC clusters are considered metastatic precursors due to their ability to seed distant metastasis. However, navigating the bloodstream presents a significant challenge for CTCs, as they must endure fluid shear forces and resist detachment-induced anoikis. Consequently, while a large number of cells from the primary tumour may enter the circulation, only a tiny fraction will result in metastasis. Nevertheless, the metastatic potency dramatically increases when CTCs travel in conjunction with other cell types to form CTC clusters, including neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, macrophages, platelets, cancer-associated fibroblasts and red blood cells found in circulation. Such heterotypic CTC clustering events have been identified in a variety of cancer types and may serve as intriguing therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers for liquid biopsy. This review summarises recent advances in microfluidic technologies designed for the isolation of CTC clusters and explores the biological properties of distinct types of CTC clusters within the circulatory system. Investigation of the mechanisms of CTC cluster–blood microenvironment interactions may offer a promising avenue for gaining fresh insights into CTC cluster-mediated metastatic progression and reveal potential opportunities for devising personalised antimetastasis treatments.
Outcome measures used in adolescent sport-related concussion research: a scoping review
Authors: McKee Connor Shane , Bleakley Chris , Rankin Alan , Matthews Mark
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To provide an overview of the outcome measures currently used after sports-related concussion (SRC) in adolescents, categorising by the constructs they assess, follow-up duration and their feasibility of use.

Design

Scoping review.

Data sources

We searched three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL). We also undertook citation tracking of the included articles and searched for ongoing or unpublished trials using ClinicalTrials.gov and Theses Global.

Eligibility criteria

Studies tracking concussion recovery in adolescent athletes.

Results

15 782 records were identified. After initial title and abstract screening, we retrieved 87 studies for full-text screening, with 75 studies fulfilling the eligibility criteria and included in the review, comprising 13 107 participants (9480 male, 3615 female and 12 unreported), ranging in age from 5 to 19 years. 46 different outcome measures were used, with Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (n=42) and Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (n=21) the most common. Most outcome measures quantified aspects of sensorimotor function including balance, oculomotor function and cognition. Follow-up duration ranged from 7 days to 1 year. 60% of studies ceased follow-up assessments within 6 weeks post-SRC.

Conclusions

Adolescent SRC literature uses a wide range of outcome measures. Most research quantifies cognitive/fatigue domains in the acute/subacute stages post-SRC, using male participants. Other key domains such as anxiety/mood, migraine and key modifiers (cervical and sleep disturbance) are less well represented in the literature. Many of the outcome measures used in current research are associated with high cost and require highly qualified examiners, creating barriers to their implementation in some adolescent sporting environments.

Study registration

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/N937E
Empowering communities to use healthy lifestyle centres: an implementation research from Sri Lanka
Authors: Herath Thilini , Perera Manuja , Guruge Duminda , Kasturiratne Anuradhani
Published: September 2024

Objective

Healthy lifestyle centres (HLCs), a state service that screens for major non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors and promotes lifestyle modifications in Sri Lanka, report underutilisation. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a participatory intervention to empower communities in improving HLC utilisation.

Design

A quasi-experimental study based on the principles of community-based participatory research

Setting

Six rural communities each as the intervention (IG) (Gampaha district) and comparison (CG) groups (Kalutara district) from the capital province of Sri Lanka.

Participants

Study population was healthy individuals aged 35–65 years, the target group of HLCs in Sri Lanka. A random sample of 498 individuals was selected from each group for evaluation.

Interventions

Community support groups (CSGs) were established and empowered using health promotion approach from August 2019 to February 2020. Group discussions and participatory mapping were conducted to identify determinants of underutilisation of HLCs, design activities to address prioritised determinants and develop indicators to monitor the progress of CSGs.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome was improvement of HLC utilisation and the secondary outcome was initiation of lifestyle modifications.

Results

Significant improvements were seen in the IG, compared with the CG in the seven determinants that contribute to HLC utilisation. The largest differences were seen in reducing negative perceptions of susceptibility for NCDs (pre=64.7%; post=33.3%; p<0.001) and usefulness of screening (pre=66.6%; post=17.3%; p<0.001). The HLC utilisation in IG increased by 29.5% (pre=5.85%; 95% CI 3.74 to 7.95, post=35.3%; 95% CI 30.9 to 39.8, p<0.001), while the utilisation of the CG showed no difference. Furthermore, there was an improvement in the proportion of users who initiated lifestyle modification (pre=64.3%; post=89.9%; p=0.039) in IG, which was not observed in CG.

Conclusion

HLC utilisation and initiation of lifestyle modification can be improved by a community-based health promotion intervention through empowering CSGs.

Trial registration number

SLCTR/2019/028.
Independent association of metabolic syndrome severity score and risk of diabetes: findings from 18 years of follow-up in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Amouzegar Atieh , Honarvar Mohammadjavad , Masoumi Safdar , Agahi Sadaf , Azizi Fereidoun , Mehran Ladan
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the association between age-specific and sex-specific continuous metabolic syndrome severity score (cMetS-S) and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, the study aimed to assess the added value of cMetS-S in predicting T2DM compared with traditional MetS criteria.

Design

The study used a longitudinal cohort design, following participants for 18 years.

Setting

The research was conducted within the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, a community-based study in Tehran, Iran.

Participants

A total of 6957 participants aged 20–60 years were included in the study.

Interventions/exposures

The cMetS-S of each participant was determined using age-specific and sex-specific equations and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyse the association between cMetS-S and T2DM using continuous and quantile approaches.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The outcome measure was the association between cMetS-S and the development of T2DM during the 18-year follow-up.

Results

A total of 1124 T2DM cases were recorded over 18 years of follow-up. In the fully adjusted model, a 1-SD increase in the cMetS-S was associated with future T2DM (HR 1.72; 95% CI 1.54 to 1.91). Men and women had HRs of 1.65 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.95) and 1.83 (95% CI 1.59 to 2.10) for T2DM per 1-SD increase in cMetS-S, respectively. Higher cMetS-S was associated with increased risk of diabetes in both prediabetic (HR 1.42;95% CI 1.23 to 1.64) and normoglycaemic individuals (HR 2.11;95% CI 1.76 to 2.54); this association was more significant in normoglycaemic individuals. Unlike the traditional-based MetS definitions, the cMetS-S improved diabetes prediction (p<0.001).

Conclusions

The cMetS-S is strongly associated with future diabetes in prediabetic and normoglycaemic individuals independent of MetS components during a long term. As the relationship between cMetS-S and T2DM is more pronounced in normoglycaemic individuals than in those with pre-diabetes, implementing the evaluation of cMetS-S can serve as an early identification tool for individuals at risk of T2DM prior to the onset of pre-diabetes.
Assessment of joint health in patients receiving prophylaxis for haemophilia A: a cross-sectional survey in five European countries
Authors: De la Corte-Rodríguez Hortensia , Bystrická Linda , Ball Nathan , Olsen Stevie , Golden Keisha , Hakimi Zalmai , Kragh Nana
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To evaluate joint health, pain and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with moderate/severe haemophilia A in Europe.

Design

Multinational, cross-sectional survey, with retrospective data collection. Data were taken from the Adelphi Real World Haemophilia Disease Specific Programme Wave II, using surveys completed by physicians and patients between February 2020 and May 2021.

Setting

Haematologists/haemato-oncologists and their patients in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK.

Participants

Males aged ≥18 years with moderate or severe haemophilia A (baseline clotting factor level ≤5%), without existing inhibitors and currently receiving prophylaxis. Patients were grouped into those with or without haemophilia-affected joints (HAJs) based on bleeding, radiographic, surgical, mobility and joint pain data.

Primary outcome measure

Characterisation of humanistic and clinical outcomes in patients with or without HAJs.

Results

A total of 120 physicians provided data for 351 eligible patients; 209 (59.5%) patients had HAJs and 142 (40.5%) had no HAJs. Pain/discomfort was significantly different (p=0.01) and reported more frequently in the HAJ (85.7%) vs non-HAJ group (53.3%). Pain medication use was significantly higher in the HAJ versus non-HAJ group (73.2% vs 60.6%; p=0.01). Up to half of the patients with HAJs had synovitis (49.8%) or arthropathy (48.4%), and one-third had undergone joint surgery (35.4%). Overall health status was significantly worse in the HAJ versus non-HAJ group (mean (SD) EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale score: 65.5 (19.3) vs 81.1 (14.6); p=0.01).

Conclusions

In this multinational real-world study, nearly two-thirds of adults with moderate/severe haemophilia A without inhibitors experienced HAJs despite prophylaxis. Individuals with HAJs had higher rates of pain and pain medication use, and lower HRQoL compared with those without HAJs. These data indicate that HAJs represent a clinically relevant burden and early identification/monitoring and management of affected joints should be an important consideration to help prevent long-term joint morbidity.
Predictors of older adults’ health behaviours to prevent COVID-19 transmission: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Seok Jo Woon
Published: September 2024

Objectives

While older adults showed higher mortality during COVID-19 pandemic, protective behaviours (knowledge regarding coping with COVID-19 symptoms and preventive behaviours) were highlighted to be important to prevent the spread of infection. This study aimed to identify individual and community-level variables influencing deficient knowledge regarding coping with COVID-19 and not-practicing COVID-19 of older adults during the pandemic.

Design

This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study using the 2020 Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS).

Setting

255 community public health centres nationwide, South Korea.

Methods and analysis

Using 2020 KCHS data, multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted on 55 005 adults aged 65 years or older.

Results

Older adults who reside alone, as opposed to with their spouse and who lack the support of another individual exhibited insufficient COVID-19 coping-related knowledge (OR: 1.142, p<0.001) and poor preventive behaviours (OR: 1.177, p<0.001). Furthermore, lower municipal social welfare budget levels were associated with worse health behaviours (OR: 0.062, p<0.001). Specifically, older adults living in rural areas were less likely to engage in COVID-19 preventive behaviours compared with those in urban areas (OR: 1.247, p<0.001). Additionally, the effectiveness of mass media as a motivating factor for adopting preventive measures was only significant in rural populations (OR: 0.944, p<0.05).

Conclusions

Both individual-level and community-level approaches are necessary as an initial response during the pandemic. Since elderly people living alone with low socioeconomic status are vulnerable groups with poor health behaviours, it is helpful to provide social support on how to respond to infectious diseases and manage symptoms. In addition, it is important to expand the municipal social welfare budget to promote health equity between regions through appropriate health behaviour education and the strengthening of public medical services.
Effect of prehabilitation for patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery: a protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Linyu , Zheng Xutong , Yan Yaxi , Wang Bei , Wang Aiping
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Gastric cancer is a high-risk cancer with surgical treatments often leading to significant postoperative complications and mortality. Prehabilitation, involving exercise, nutrition and psychological support before surgery, aims to boost patients’ physical and mental health. While effective in other cancers, its benefits for gastric cancer need further study. This research will evaluate the impact of trimodal prehabilitation on patient outcomes in gastric cancer surgery, aiming to reduce complications and expedite recovery.

Methods and analysis

This study will systematically review randomised controlled trials and cohort studies evaluating the role of prehabilitation in people undergoing gastric cancer resection. The primary outcomes of interest will include overall postoperative complications and length of hospital stay. The secondary outcomes of interest will include mortality, readmission rate or functional recovery. Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database and Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals (VIP) will be searched. All studies will be screened and selected using the criteria described in ‘population, intervention/exposure, comparison, outcome and study design’ format. Two independent reviewers will screen studies for relevance and methodological validity. Data from included studies will be extracted through a customised, preset data extraction sheet. The Cochrane Review Manager (V.5.3, Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) software will be used to perform the meta-analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required for this study as all results will be based on published papers. No primary data collection will be needed. Study findings will be presented at scientific conferences or published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023488469.
Efficacy of perioperative pain management in paediatric cardiac surgery: a protocol for a network meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Haoqi , Yan Mengxue , Xiong Yujun , Li Yinan , Wang Hongbai , Jia Yuan , Yuan Su
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Congenital heart disease is a common birth defect, but advancements in diagnosis and treatment have improved survival rates. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes have emerged in paediatric cardiac surgery. Multimodal pain management, as a vital part of ERAS programmes, has been found to be effective in reducing pain and improving outcomes in cardiac surgery patients. Traditional methods of pain control using high-dose opioids can lead to complications, so nonopioid analgesics and regional anaesthesia techniques are being used to reduce the consumption. However, there is a significant variability in pain management practices in paediatric cardiac surgery. A network meta-analysis (NMA) is needed to comprehensively compare the effects of different analgesic interventions in this population.

Methods and analysis

A comprehensive electronic literature database search will be performed using electronic databases, mainly including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. All randomised controlled trials associated with perioperative pain management for paediatric cardiac surgery will be included. The primary outcome will be visual analogue score or numeric rating scale of pain and total opioid consumption (or equivalent) 24 hours after postoperative tracheal extubation. The Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool will be employed to assess the quality of included articles. A random-effects pairwise meta-analysis will be performed to report the head-to-head comparison. Following the assessment of individual articles, an NMA will be conducted using a Bayesian framework with random-effects’ models.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not necessary because this study will be based on publications. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023477520.
Screening instruments for mental disorders in primary healthcare: a scoping review protocol (SCREENING-MD)
Authors: Lopes Luis Phillipe Nagem , Santos Danielle Maria de Souza Serio dos , Silva Jéssica Cumpian , Bergamaschi Cristiane de Cássia , Moura Mariana Del Grossi , Okuyama Julia Hiromi Hori , Lopes Luciane Cruz
Published: September 2024

Introduction

When mental disorders go undetected until later stages, they can result in poorer health outcomes for patients. Primary healthcare (PHC) stands as a strategic setting for the early identification and management of these mental disorders, given its role as the primary care environment for health service users. This scoping review has the objective of mapping and assessing screening instruments validated for mental disorders that are applicable in PHC, particularly regarding their measurement properties.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review will include studies that have developed and validated screening instruments for mental disorders in the PHC context, irrespective of the age group. Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL and PsycInfo without imposing restrictions on publication status, publication year or language. Additionally, we will scrutinise the references cited in the selected studies. Our inclusion criteria encompass studies examining any measurement property recommended by the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) taxonomy. The selection process, data extraction and quality assessment of studies will be performed independently by pairs of reviewers. To evaluate the risk of bias within the selected studies, we will employ the COSMIN Risk of Bias 2 tools. The collected data will undergo analysis using descriptive statistics and will be presented in an evidence gap map format for each specific mental disorder.

Ethics and dissemination

The findings from this review will be discussed through deliberative dialogue with stakeholders and disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research at the University of Sorocaba (number: 66993323.9.0000.5500).

Trial registration number

Open Science Framework - 10.17605/OSF.IO/Z6T5M.
Incidence, symptom clusters and determinants of post-acute COVID symptoms: a population-based surveillance in community-dwelling users of the COVID RADAR app
Authors: van Dijk Willian J , Haaksma Miriam L , Mook-Kanamori Dennis O , Visser Leo G , Numans Mattijs E , van Hylckama Vlieg A , Rosendaal Frits R , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study aims to describe the incidence, symptom clusters and determinants of post-acute COVID symptoms using data from the COVID RADAR app in the Netherlands.

Design

Prospective cohort.

Setting

General population in the Netherlands from April 2020 to February 2022.

Participants

A total of 1478 COVID RADAR app users, with data spanning 40 days before to 100 days after positive SARS-CoV-2 test.

Outcome measures

Incidence and duration of 10 new symptoms that developed during acute infection, defined as 10 days prior and 10 days after positive test. Clustering of these post-acute COVID symptoms and associations between factors known in the acute phase and 100-day symptom persistence.

Results

The most frequent post-acute symptoms were cough, loss of smell or taste and fatigue. At 100 days postinfection, 86 (8%) participants still experienced symptoms. Three post-acute COVID symptom clusters were identified: non-respiratory (headache and fatigue; 49% of participants with post-acute COVID symptoms); olfactory (15%) and respiratory (8%). Vaccination was associated with a lower risk of post-acute COVID symptoms 100 days after infection, although CIs were wide (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.2 to 1.5), but not with non-respiratory symptoms (OR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.3 to 4.4). Severe acute disease increased the risk of post-acute COVID symptoms (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.5; per additional acute symptom).

Conclusions

In this cohort of infected community-dwelling app users, 5%–10% experienced post-acute COVID symptoms. The symptoms cluster in several distinct entities, which differ in incidence, patient characteristics and vaccination effects. This suggests multiple mechanisms underlying the development of post-acute COVID symptoms.
Self-management needs, strategies and support for individuals with sickle cell disease in developing countries: a scoping review
Authors: Druye Andrews Adjei , Amoadu Mustapha , Boso Christian Makafui , Nabe Bernard , Kagbo Justice Enock , Alhassan Amidu , Odonkor Frank Offei , Lanyo Godswill Sedinam , Davies Anita Efua , Doe Patience Fakornam , Okantey Christiana , Ofori Godson Obeng , Agyare Dorcas Frempomaa , Abraham Susanna Aba
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Sickle cell disease (SCD) poses a significant global health burden, particularly affecting individuals in developing countries with constrained healthcare resources. While research on self-management in the context of SCD is emerging, it has predominantly focused on primary studies. The aim of the scoping review was to identify and map self-management needs of individuals living with SCD, the strategies they employed to meet those needs, and the support interventions available to them.

Methods and analysis

The review was conducted following the Askey and O’Malley’s framework to examine the landscape of SCD self-management research. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Dimensions AI, with additional searches in other databases from inception to June 2024 included. Evidence from 14 studies was synthesised to identify self-management needs, strategies and interventions for individuals with SCD.

Results

The review identified diverse self-management needs among individuals with SCD, including knowledge deficits, emotional challenges, physical limitations and barriers to healthcare access. Various self-management strategies were reported, such as nutritional management, psychological coping techniques and proactive healthcare management. Self-management interventions, predominantly delivered by healthcare professionals, focused on providing education, skills training and support to individuals with SCD. The outcomes of self-management interventions consistently demonstrated significant improvements across various dimensions, including self-efficacy, knowledge enhancement, self-care practices and psychological well-being among individuals with SCD.

Conclusion

This scoping review underscores the importance of addressing the diverse self-management needs of individuals with SCD through tailored interventions and support systems to enhance overall well-being and disease management. Healthcare professionals should prioritise the implementation of multidisciplinary self-management interventions that encompass medical, emotional and social aspects of care to effectively support individuals with SCD in managing their condition. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effectiveness of self-management interventions in improving patient outcomes.
Rotation or change of biotherapy after TNF blocker treatment failure for axial spondyloarthritis: the ROC-SpA study, a randomised controlled study protocol
Authors: Dalix Elisa , Marcelli Christian , Bejan-Angoulvant Theodora , Finckh Axel , Rancon Florence , Akrour Madjid , De Araujo Liliane , Presles Emilie , Marotte Hubert
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by inflammatory low back pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recommended as a first treatment in axSpA. In case of inadequate response to NSAIDs, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) should be introduced according to the recommendations of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology. Until 2015, only bDMARD was recommended for axSpA in case of failure to anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF). The 2022 Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS)-EULAR recommendation proposed to start an alternative bDMARD but without advocating a switch in mode of action as proposed in rheumatoid arthritis. Since 2015, the inhibition of interleukin (IL)-17 has demonstrated efficacy in axSpA. Then, we designed a randomised multicentre clinical trial to identify the more effective treatment after a first anti-TNF failure in axSpA, comparing an anti-IL-17 to a second anti-TNF.

Methods and analysis

The ROC-SpA (Rotation Or Change of biotherapy after first anti-TNF treatment failure in axSpA patients) study is a prospective, randomised, multicentre, superiority open-label phase IV trial comparing an anti-IL-17 strategy (secukinumab or ixekizumab) to a second TNF blocker in a 1:1 ratio. Patients with an active axSpA (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index >4 or ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS) >3.5) with inadequate 3 months response to a first anti-TNF and with a stable dose of conventional synthetic DMARDs, oral corticosteroids and/or NSAIDs for at least 1 month are included in 31 hospital centres in France and Monaco. The primary outcome is the ASAS40 response at week 24. The secondary outcomes are ASAS40 at weeks 12 and 52, other clinical scores (ASAS20, partial remission rate, ASDAS major improvement rate) at weeks 12, 24 and 52 with the drugs and anti-drugs concentrations at baseline, weeks 12, 24 and 52. The primary analysis is performed at the end of the study according to the intent-to-treat principle.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was obtained from the committee for the protection of persons (Comité de protection des personnes Ouest IV #12/18_1, 6 February 2018) and registered in ClinicalTrials.gov and in EudraCT. Results of this study, whether positive or negative, will be presented at national and international congresses, to national axSpA patient associations and published in a peer-reviewed journal. It could also impact the international recommendation to manage patients with axSpA.

Trial registration number

NCT03445845and EudraCT2017-004700-22.
Comparative effects of sacubitril/valsartan and ACEI/ARB on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in patients with heart failure: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Zhiyong , Fu Zhijie , Li Na , Huang Shanying , Chi Lingyi
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome that affects millions of people worldwide and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Sacubitril/valsartan, a combination drug consisting of a neprilysin inhibitor and an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), has shown a greater improvement in the prognosis of HF than ACE inhibitors (ACEI) or ARB. Recent studies have found that ACEI/ARB or sacubitril/valsartan can increase flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and reduce pulse wave velocity (PWV), which are independent predictors of cardiovascular events and HF prognosis. The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the effect of sacubitril/valsartan and ACEI/ARB on FMD and PWV using meta-analysis and further provide a reference for the role of sacubitril/valsartan in the treatment of HF.

Methods and analysis

Clinical randomised controlled trials investigating the effect of sacubitril/valsartan and/or ACEI/ARB on FMD and PWV in patients with HF will be searched in the relevant database, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and China’s National Knowledge Infrastructure up to January 2024. The outcomes of interest are changes in endothelial function assessed by FMD and changes in arterial stiffness assessed by PWV. The risk of bias was evaluated using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB2.0). Review Manager V.5.3 software is used for meta-analysis data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression analysis, subgroup analysis and risk of bias assessment. The reporting bias of studies will be evaluated using the funnel plot, in which symmetry will be assessed by Begg’s and Egger’s tests. The evidence quality of the included studies will be evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.

Ethics and dissemination

This study only analyses research data from the published literature and therefore does not require ethical approval. We will submit the systematic review to a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024538148.
Mobil Monitoring Doppler Ultrasound (MoMDUS) study: protocol for a prospective, observational study investigating the use of artificial intelligence and low-cost Doppler ultrasound for the automated quantification of hypertension, pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction in rural Guatemala
Authors: Ramos Edlyn , Piló Palax Irma , Serech Cuxil Emily , Sebaquijay Iquic Elsa , Canú Ajqui Ana , Miller Ann C , Chandrasekeran Suchitra , Hall-Clifford Rachel , Sameni Reza , Katebi Nasim , Clifford Gari D , Rohloff Peter
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Undetected high-risk conditions in pregnancy are a leading cause of perinatal mortality in low-income and middle-income countries. A key contributor to adverse perinatal outcomes in these settings is limited access to high-quality screening and timely referral to care. Recently, a low-cost one-dimensional Doppler ultrasound (1-D DUS) device was developed that front-line workers in rural Guatemala used to collect quality maternal and fetal data. Further, we demonstrated with retrospective preliminary data that 1-D DUS signal could be processed using artificial intelligence and deep-learning algorithms to accurately estimate fetal gestational age, intrauterine growth and maternal blood pressure. This protocol describes a prospective observational pregnancy cohort study designed to prospectively evaluate these preliminary findings.

Methods and analysis

This is a prospective observational cohort study conducted in rural Guatemala. In this study, we will follow pregnant women (N =700) recruited prior to 18 6/7 weeks gestation until their delivery and early postpartum period. During pregnancy, trained nurses will collect data on prenatal risk factors and obstetrical care. Every 4 weeks, the research team will collect maternal weight, blood pressure and 1-D DUS recordings of fetal heart tones. Additionally, we will conduct three serial obstetric ultrasounds to evaluate for fetal growth restriction (FGR), and one postpartum visit to record maternal blood pressure and neonatal weight and length. We will compare the test characteristics (receiver operator curves) of 1-D DUS algorithms developed by deep-learning methods to two-dimensional fetal ultrasound survey and published clinical pre-eclampsia risk prediction algorithms for predicting FGR and pre-eclampsia, respectively.

Ethics and dissemination

Results of this study will be disseminated at scientific conferences and through peer-reviewed articles. Deidentified data sets will be made available through public repositories. The study has been approved by the institutional ethics committees of Maya Health Alliance and Emory University.
Supplementation practices among pregnant women and those trying to conceive: a population-representative survey in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Cochrane Kelsey M. , Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Karakochuk Crystal D.
Published: September 2024

Dietary supplements including vitamins, minerals, and natural health products are commonly consumed by those aiming to optimize fertility and pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this survey was to describe supplementation practices among individuals who were pregnant or trying to conceive in Vancouver, Canada. An online survey was conducted among 500 individuals who were pregnant ( n = 250) or trying to conceive ( n = 250). Participants met a substantial proportion of vitamin and mineral recommendations through supplements alone. Exceptions included calcium, magnesium, and choline, with median (interquartile range (IQR)) supplementation doses reported by those who were pregnant and trying to conceive, respectively, of: 250 (200 and 250 mg) and 250 (200 and 250 mg), 50 (50 and 75 mg) and 50 (50 and 90 mg), and 53 (10 and 150 mg) and 55 (10 and 100 mg), as compared to perinatal recommendations of 1000 mg/day (calcium), 350 mg/day (magnesium), and 450 mg/day (choline). Conversely, median (IQR) doses of folate reported by those who were pregnant and trying to conceive, respectively, were: 1000 (780 and 1000 µg) and 1000 (800 and 1000 µg), with ∼70% overall (337/471) reporting doses ≥1000 µg (the tolerable upper intake level). Most participants (451/500; 90%) reported supplementation with a prenatal multivitamin; of these, 83% reported that supplementation occurred daily. Overall, as diet was not considered, we cannot ascertain whether recommendations for calcium, magnesium, and choline were met through the combination of supplements and foods; however, we believe that additional supplementation with choline may be required to meet recommendations in pregnancy. Excessive folate supplementation has been previously identified as a concern throughout North America; here, we provide further evidence for excessively high doses consumed via supplements.
Immature Daspletosaurus sp. specimens from the Dinosaur Park Formation provide insight into ontogenetically invariant tyrannosaurid cranial morphology
Authors: Coppock Colton C. , Powers Mark J. , Voris Jared T. , Sharpe Henry S. , Currie Philip J.
Published: September 2024

Understanding the extent to which tyrannosaurid cranial morphology changed through ontogeny is essential to correctly refer tyrannosaurid specimens at varying life stages to taxa. However, taxonomically diagnostic immature tyrannosaurid bones remain exceedingly elusive. Over the last century, the University of Alberta has collected three isolated immature cranial bones referable to Daspletosaurus from Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta of Treaty 7 Territory. These bones were all collected from the rocks of the Dinosaur Park Formation and include a premaxilla (UALVP 48717), jugal (UALVP 61561), and lacrimal (UALVP 47955). To assess the taxonomic utility of these bones, they were compared to tyrannosaurid material from the Dinosaur Park and Oldman Formations of Alberta. This provided an opportunity to examine size-independent discrete characters in tyrannosaurid crania. The results of this study suggest that many premaxillary, jugal, and lacrimal discrete characteristics observed in Daspletosaurus are constrained throughout ontogeny. A single ontogenetically invariant character, the dorsal flange of the palatal process, was identified for Daspletosaurus premaxillae. Ontogenetically invariant characters of the jugal include, but are not limited to, a medial lacrimal slot and the lateral fossa on the postorbital process. Invariant lacrimal characters include an anteroposteriorly short pneumatic recess opening and a subdivided nasal articulation fossa on the medial surface of the bone. The identification of these characters allows specimens of the tyrannosaurine Daspletosaurus and the contemporaneous albertosaurine Gorgosaurus to be confidently identified regardless of ontogenetic stage. These characters were applied to a controversial tyrannosaurid specimen from the Dinosaur Park Formation, TMP 1994.143.0001, resulting in referral to Gorgosaurus libratus, rather than Daspletosaurus sp .
Measurements of higher-order cumulants of multiplicity and net-electric charge distributions in inelastic proton–proton interactions by NA61/SHINE
Authors:   NA61/SHINE Collaboration, Adhikary H. , Adrich P. , Allison K. K. , Amin N. , Andronov E. V. , Arsene I.-C. , Bajda M. , Balkova Y. , Battaglia D. , Bazgir A. , Bhosale S. , Bielewicz M. , Blondel A. , Bogomilov M. , Bondar Y. , Borucka A. , Brandin A. , Bryliński W. , Brzychczyk J. , Buryakov M. , Camino A. F. , Ćirković M. , Csanád M. , Cybowska J. , Czopowicz T. , Dalmazzone C. , Davis N. , Dmitriev A. , von Doetinchem P. , Dominik W. , Dumarchez J. , Engel R. , Feofilov G. A. , Fields L. , Fodor Z. , Friend M. , Gaździcki M. , Golosov O. , Golovatyuk V. , Golubeva M. , Grebieszkow K. , Guber F. , Igolkin S. N. , Ilieva S. , Ivashkin A. , Izvestnyy A. , Kargin N. , Karpushkin N. , Kashirin E. , Kiełbowicz M. , Kireyeu V. A. , Kolesnikov R. , Kolev D. , Koshio Y. , Kovalenko V. N. , Kowalski S. , Kozłowski B. , Krasnoperov A. , Kucewicz W. , Kuchowicz M. , Kuich M. , Kurepin A. , László A. , Lewicki M. , Lykasov G. , Lyubushkin V. V. , Maćkowiak-Pawłowska M. , Majka Z. , Makhnev A. , Maksiak B. , Malakhov A. I. , Marcinek A. , Marino A. D. , Mathes H.-J. , Matulewicz T. , Matveev V. , Melkumov G. L. , Merzlaya A. , Mik Ł. , Morozov S. , Nagai Y. , Nakadaira T. , Naskręt M. , Nishimori S. , Olivier A. , Ozvenchuk V. , Panova O. , Paolone V. , Petukhov O. , Pidhurskyi I. , Płaneta R. , Podlaski P. , Popov B. A. , Pórfy B. , Prokhorova D. S. , Pszczel D. , Puławski S. , Puzović J. , Renfordt R. , Ren L. , Ortiz V. Z. Reyna , Röhrich D. , Rondio E. , Roth M. , Rozpłochowski Ł. , Rumberger B. T. , Rumyantsev M. , Rustamov A. , Rybczynski M. , Rybicki A. , Rybka D. , Sakashita K. , Schmidt K. , Seryakov A. Yu. , Seyboth P. , Shah U. A. , Shiraishi Y. , Shukla A. , Słodkowski M. , Staszel P. , Stefanek G. , Stepaniak J. , Strikhanov M. , Świderski Ł. , Szewiński J. , Szukiewicz R. , Taranenko A. , Tefelska A. , Tefelski D. , Tereshchenko V. , Tsenov R. , Turko L. , Tveter T. S. , Unger M. , Urbaniak M. , Valiev F. F. , Veberič D. , Vechernin V. V. , Vitiuk O. , Volkov V. , Wickremasinghe A. , Witek K. , Wójcik K. , Wyszyński O. , Zaitsev A. , Zherebtsova E. , Zimmerman E. D. , Zviagina A. , Zwaska R.
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the energy dependence of multiplicity and net-electric charge fluctuations in p+p interactions at beam momenta 20, 31, 40, 80, and 158 $$\text{ Ge }\hspace{-1.00006pt}\text{ V }\!/\!c$$

Ge

V

/

c

. Results are corrected for the experimental biases and quantified with the use of cumulants and factorial cumulants. Cumulant ratios are an essential tool in the search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter in heavy ion collisions. Measurements performed in p+p interactions provide a vital baseline estimation in these studies. The measured signals are compared with the string hadronic models Epos1.99 and FTFP-BERT.
Intricate dynamics of MHD radiative hybrid magnetic nanofluid movement along convectively heated slanted stretched sheet with shape factor and slip conditions in porous medium
Authors: Abbas Kamil , Wang Xinhua , Rasool Ghulam , Sun Tao , Ali Shabir
Published: September 2024

This study incorporates the impact of shape factor and slip conditions on a radiative hybrid magnetic nanofluid over slanted sheet being convectively heated within a porous medium, providing valuable insights for enhancing thermal management systems in manufacturing techniques such as the extrusion of plastic films, cooling of metallic plates, and the drawing of polymer fibers. The effect of viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, aligned magnetic field, velocity slip, heat generation, buoyancy force, porosity, and thermal slip on the dynamics of fluid movement are comprehensively discussed. The governing equations were simplified into nonlinear ordinary differential equations through similarity variables and Bvp4c solver in MATLAB was utilized to observe the effects of pertinent parameters on temperature and velocity profiles, alongside the local Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient. It was determined that the hybrid nanofluid’s effective thermal conductivity was most significantly enhanced by blade-shaped nanoparticles. The local Nusselt number enhanced with upsurge of thermal radiation parameter and Biot number whereas opposite trend was observed with incrementation in other parameters. The augmentation in thermal slip and velocity slip resulted in lowering local skin friction coefficient. This research highlights the complex interplay between various physical factors and their influence on the dynamics of hybrid nanofluids, offering potential strategies for optimizing performance of thermal systems comprising hybrid nanofluids.
The F-polynomial invariant for knotoids
Authors: Feng Yi , Li Fengling
Published: September 2024

As a generalization of the classical knots, knotoids deal with the open ended knot diagram in a surface. In recent years, many polynomial invariants for knotoids appeared, such as the bracket polynomial, the index polynomial and the [Formula: see text]th polynomial. In this paper, we introduce a new polynomial invariant [Formula: see text]-polynomial for knotoids and discuss some properties of the [Formula: see text]-polynomial. Finally, we construct a family of knotoid diagrams which can be distinguished from each other by the [Formula: see text]-polynomial but cannot be distinguished by the index polynomial and the [Formula: see text]th polynomial.
Deformations and homotopy theory for Rota–Baxter family algebras
Authors: Das Apurba
Published: September 2024

The concept of Rota–Baxter family algebra is a generalization of Rota–Baxter algebra. It appears naturally in the algebraic aspects of renormalizations in quantum field theory. Rota–Baxter family algebras are closely related to dendriform family algebras. In this paper, we first construct an [Formula: see text]-algebra whose Maurer–Cartan elements correspond to Rota–Baxter family algebra structures. Using this characterization, we define the cohomology of a given Rota–Baxter family algebra. As an application of our cohomology, we study formal and infinitesimal deformations of a given Rota–Baxter family algebra. Next, we define the notion of a homotopy Rota–Baxter family algebra structure on a given [Formula: see text]-algebra. We end this paper by considering the homotopy version of dendriform family algebras and their relations with homotopy Rota–Baxter family algebras.