bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical and Experimental Modelling of a Wave Energy Converter Pitching in Close Proximity to a Fixed Structure
Authors: Heras Pilar , Thomas Sarah , Kramer Morten , Kofoed Jens Peter
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a hydrodynamic numerical model for a pitching wave energy converter (WEC). The model uses potential wave theory and is based on Cummins' equation, with nonlinear hydrostatic restoring stiffness and excitation forces based on instantaneous body position and water surface elevation. The numerical model can include non-linear forces, like quadratic drag, power-take-off and other forces that may account for unknown viscous effects observed in experiments. The paper discusses the applicability and limitations of the code and presents the cases where assumptions and simplifications can be made. The goal is to conclude on the simplest, yet accurate, version of the model by evaluating its accuracy using experimental data. The case study for validation is Floating Power Plant's (FPP's) WEC [1]. In the full-scale commercial project, FPP's device consists of a semisubmersible platform hosting a wind turbine (5-8MW) and 4 WECs, each one connected to the platform by a rotation shaft. Due to the configuration of the platform, strong interactions occur between the WECs and the structure, as they are very closely spaced. In order to validate a numerical model able to simulate these hydrodynamic interactions, wave basin experiments with a similar but simplified setup were performed.
Team Approach: Return to Play After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Dean , Chiaia Theresa , Cavanaugh John T. , Rodeo Scott A.
Published: January 2019

* Current surgical and rehabilitation techniques have allowed for a relatively high rate of return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Although some patients may be expected to return to sporting activities by as early as 8 months after the surgical procedure, most patients will have not achieved the appropriate rehabilitation benchmarks by this time point and can require as long as 2 years to reach their full preoperative level.

* In addition to the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the ACL injury, the surgeon has to educate the patient about the injury, treatment, and rehabilitation process.

* The physical therapist commonly spends the most time with the patient and therefore must foster a relationship of trust early on with the patient-athlete. Through biomechanical evaluations, factors that contributed to the ACL injury and ongoing deficits during the rehabilitation process are identified and are addressed.

* Assessment of movement quality complements the traditional quantitative measures of performance and informs the medical and rehabilitation team, as well as the patient, of the presence of potentially faulty movement patterns associated with an ACL injury.

* Throughout the course of rehabilitation, the certified athletic trainer works closely with the physical therapist to ensure athlete compliance with the prescribed exercises. Communication between the physical therapist and the certified athletic trainer therefore plays an integral role in the patient’s rehabilitation. During the return-to-play phase of rehabilitation, the certified athletic trainer serves as the liaison between the patient, surgeon, physical therapist, and coaching staff.

* This team approach to managing the athlete’s injury, rehabilitation, and expectations is key to a successful outcome.
Vaping and Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Amaro Emilie J. , Shepard Nicholas , Moss Lewis , Karamitopoulos Mara , Lajam Claudette
Published: January 2019

* Smoking cessation improves surgical outcomes in orthopaedic patients.

* Electronic cigarettes (ECs) have been studied as a smoking-cessation tool but are now being used by previous nonsmokers.

* ECs may diminish the hazards of conventional tobacco use and serve as a nicotine-delivery device.

* EC vapor is associated with cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory effects, and decreased microbial defense, which may increase perioperative risk for patients undergoing surgery.

* EC use in the adolescent population is growing and may pose unique health hazards and operative concerns in an at-risk population.

* EC use is difficult to study clinically as most electronic health records do not capture use and because many products with different ingredients exist.

* Future clinical trials are needed to evaluate the perioperative risks of ECs.
Idiopathic Rotational Abnormalities of the Lower Extremities in Children and Adults
Authors: Gruskay Jordan A. , Fragomen Austin T. , Rozbruch S. Robert
Published: January 2019

* Rotational malalignment of the lower extremity is a potential cause of hip, knee, and ankle pain.

* Physical examination must include observation of gait and an assessment of femoral rotation and the thigh-foot axis with the patient prone.

* Advanced imaging helps to quantify the degree of deformity, improving the accuracy of the preoperative plan.

* Surgical correction of rotational malalignment of the femur and tibia is reserved for severe, symptomatic deformity.

* Future software that allows for 3-dimensional assessment of alignment and preoperative planning will further aid in the correction of the complex deformities.
El empleo de materiales auténticos audiovisuales para el desarrollo la expresión oral en inglés: estudio de caso en Ecuador
Authors: Abreus González Adrian , Haro Calero Ricardo David
Published: January 2019

El empleo de materiales auténticos en las clases de inglés como idioma extranjero ha sido objeto de análisis desde hace varios años. Sin embargo, la búsqueda de nuevas formas de introducción de este tipo de medios de enseñanza en la docencia es un tema actual que ocupa a los docentes del área. El artículo aborda los resultados de un estudio conducido en la Metropolitan Language School, en la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador. El objetivo esencial de la investigación estuvo dirigido al desarrollo de la expresión oral en inglés en los estudiantes como parte de la etapa post-auditiva de compresión, mediante el empleo de materiales auténticos audiovisuales. En su núcleo se analizan algunas concepciones teóricas al respecto y se describe la metodología y principales resultados obtenidos durante el diagnóstico y a lo largo del estudio.
Webs y aprendizaje de lenguas: análisis de actividades de reading y listening para el hablante no nativo de inglés; el caso de la BBC
Authors: Espejo Mohedano Roberto , Palacios Hidalgo Francisco Javier
Published: January 2019

El aprendizaje de lenguas se presenta como objetivo educativo clave para dotar a las nuevas generaciones de herramientas que les permitan desenvolverse ante los retos del siglo XXI, un siglo marcado por los avances tecnológicos, la migración, las demandas laborales y las disparidades económicas y sociales. Ante tal situación, surgen nuevosenfoques educativos caracterizados por la presencia de la tecnología, entre ellos, los conocidos como "aprendizaje de lenguas asistido por ordenador" y "aprendizaje de lenguas apoyado por la tecnología", que mejoran significativamente el aprendizaje de idiomas proporcionando mayor flexibilidad, libertad y eficacia frente a estilos de enseñanza más tradicionales y aumentando la motivación y el acceso a materiales más originales por parte del alumnado. Partiendo de este contexto, este artículo busca, por una parte, reflexionar sobre aprendizaje de lenguas (centrándose, concretamente, en el inglés), así como las posibilidades que ofrece el aprendizaje de lenguas asistido por ordenador y, por otra, analizar, desde una doble perspectiva, un caso particular de web para el aprendizaje de inglés y destinada a hablantes no nativos de esta lengua: BBC Learning English.
Book of Abstracts: 3rd International Congress on Health Sciences and Technology, School of Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria, 8-11 August, 2018
Authors: Oparaocha Evangeline T. , Eteike Precious Okechukwu
Published: January 2019

The International Congress on Health Sciences and Technology is an annual event. In 2017, the second in the series of the congress addressed several challenges in health with the theme â€œAppropriate Technologies for Health and Disease: An Innovative Approach to Drive Sustainable Healthcare Delivery.â€ The success of the deliberations opened a new vista of challenge which informed the choice of this yearâ€™s theme: â€œInnovative Technologies for Disease Prevention and Wellness Promotion.â€
The theme became essential with the hindsight of the ravaging onslaught of preventable diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, Diabetes, Heart Blood Pressure, Kidney and Liver diseases, ocular and dental diseases; to mention but a few, against humanity. The discourse on the scientific papers presented by renowned scholars from inside and outside Nigeria revolved around the adaptation of the ancient dictum, â€œPrevention is better than cure.â€ It critically examined, discussed, evaluated and proffered solutions to discovering innovative approaches, using new technologies to address the fundamental health problems of developing countries, particularly, Nigeria. Papers delivered at the Congress covered all aspects of public health.
With so many people dying of preventable diseases in Nigeria and around the African continent, the immerse benefits of the Congress can rightly be decided. Leaning on very poor resources, Nigeria and the whole of Africa need to tackle health issues at the very primary stage, which hinges on prevention and wellness promotion, and hence the theme.
The yearly Congress is a welcomed development which targets the local health needs of communities in Nigeria. We are anxiously looking forward to the fourth in the series which will take place from 7th to 9th of August, 2019. We welcome every willing participant!
Characterization of three Pb-resistant fungi and their potential Pb2+ ions adsorption capacities
Authors: Sun Xin , Han Fei , Wang Hui , Song Fupeng , Cui Xiumin , Lou Yanhong , Zhuge Yuping
Published: January 2019

Bioremediation is preferred in heavy metal remediation, and the high-performance microbe is of prime importance. In the present research, three Pb-resistant microbes were isolated and growth characteristics and adsorption capacities were evaluated. The results showed that R. oryzae SD-1, T. asperellum SD-5, and M. irregularis SD-8 can grow well under 100 mg L−1 Pb2+ ions stress. There is a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Pb but lower MICs of Cd and Zn in T. asperellum SD-5. However, there were similar MICs of Cu among the three microbes. R. oryzae SD-1 exhibited a higher adsorption capacity and removal rate relative to the other two microbes under various Pb2+ ion levels. The Langmuir equation was fitted for the adsorption capacity of T. asperellum SD-5 and M. irregularis SD-8, and their maximum adsorption capacities were approximately 456.62 mg g−1 and 93.62 mg g−1. Moreover, the Elovich equation and the double constant equation can describe the adsorption process of Pb2+ ions in Pb-resistant microbes well. The strongest adsorption capacity under lower Pb2+ ion level was observed in M. irregularis SD-8, while the strongest adsorption capacities under higher Pb2+ ion levels were seen in R. oryzae SD-1 and T. asperellum SD-5. Therefore, three novel Pb-resistant microbes may be used as efficient, easily cultivated materials for Pb-contaminated soil remediation.
The factors affecting accessibility to credit capital of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: The Dong Phung , Thi Hong Nham Nguyen
Published: January 2019

The difficulty in accessing loans is one of the major barriers to the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. Low accessibility to capital forces SMEs to spend both official and unofficial costs in order to obtain loans, and/or to access the unofficial market at higher interest rates, thereby increasing cost of production of enterprises. Studies suggest that the determinants of bank loan processing through which small and medium enterprises can access official loans include: characteristics of enterprises; indicators, reflecting the performance of enterprises; characteristics of loans; characteristics of enterprises, enterprise owners; geographical position of enterprises; the creditworthiness of enterprises and the role of the network.

Purpose of the study.The aim of this paper is the quantitative analysis of the factors, affecting accessibility to credit capital of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam.

Materials and methods.This study was conducted on the basis of a survey in December 2017. The survey includes 301 enterprises in Hanoi city. Selected enterprises are also enterprises, surveyed in the annual enterprise survey by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. This paper uses the Probit and Logit regression approach to estimate the impact of factors, affecting the disbursement probability of a loan of an enterprise. The number of SMEs accounts for 56.69% of the samples. The number of enterprises, applying for a bank loan accounts for 58.4% of the total samples, of which the percentage of disbursed loans for SMEs accounts for only 47.3%. For enterprises without a bank loan, eliminating the reasons for the lack of demand and unwish to be in debt, the main reasons not to access bank loans are high interest rates, complicated loan procedures and insufficient collateral.

Results.The results obtained from the Logistic and Probit models show that the estimated coefficients are statistically significant, affecting the probability of taking a business loan, accepted by financial institutions. Although the coefficients, estimated from Logistics model are larger than those estimated from the Probit model, the estimated results show that the direction of impact of the variables in two estimation techniques gives quite similar results.

Conclusion.Based on the results of this study, the Government of Vietnam should implement policies to support SMEs in the direction of improving their access to capital. The credit institutions should design products and services suitable to the characteristics of SMEs in Vietnam.
Requirements for the innovation environment in the transition to the digital economy
Authors: Dneprovskaya Natalia V.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of the study is to identify the requirements of the digital economy to the technological level of the innovation environment development based on statistical analysis of indicators of the innovation environment. Over the past few decades, the vector of innovative economic development has changed from information to digital. A distinctive feature of the transition to a digital economy is the use of data in digital form to create innovation.

Materials and methods. The sources of actual data were the reports and databases of official statistical reporting, international organizations (United Nations, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Telecommunication Union). Based on the correlation analysis, the factors of the innovation environment that have the greatest impact on the innovation activity of enterprises were identified. The obtained results helped to formulate the requirements for the innovation environment, enabling the transition to a digital economy.

Results. The research of patent activity showed that the greatest number of inventions is registered in the field of computer technologies and digital communications. At the same time, these technologies themselves are a source of innovation in other areas of application (commerce, finance, education, etc.). The results of the correlation analysis allow us to choose the factors of the innovation environment that have the greatest impact on the results of innovation. These factors include intellectual and IT support for the innovation environment. The requirements to the innovation environment, providing transition to digital economy were formulated: equal access to IT-infrastructure, intellectual world potential, digital data, and methodical support of continuous interaction of various stakeholders in innovative activity.

Conclusion. Innovation activity in the information society and the transition to the digital economy requires different states of the innovation environment. Statistical studies show that access and the amount of accumulated IT in the society and intellectual potential have a great influence on the development of innovation. The innovation environment in the digital economy faces new challenges to ensure equal opportunities for access and interaction among different stakeholders.
External labor migration in the Russian Federation
Authors: Smelov Pavel A. , Egorova Elena A.
Published: January 2019

Purpose of the study. A problem of assessing international labor migration in the past twenty years is a very topical issue in many countries around the world. The main problem of the study of labor migration is the lack of full and reliable information about this phenomenon. The main objective of this study is to assess the possibility of statistical assessment of external labor migration in the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. The article provides an overview of the international basic documents in the field of the organization of labor statistics of migrants, and also defines the concepts of labor migration and foreign employees from the point of view of international and Russian legislation. The sources of information were the data of the summary information on migration records of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, as well as microdata on the form 5-PERSONAL INCOME TAX of the Federal Tax Service of Russia. The main methods, used in the study are: methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of data measuring and aggregating, methods of working with microdata, analytical indicators of the dynamics, graphical and tabular method.

Results and conclusion. Based on the study, several conclusions can be drawn. First, in the Russian Federation there are objective administrative sources of data on legal external labor migrants. Secondly, these sources are not harmonized and it is necessary to carry out methodological work on the harmonization of data and the construction of time series on the number of external labor migrants. Also, these services need to provide access to their information system to the Federal State Statistics Service to compile data on external labor migrants in various socio-demographic sections. Third, then the legal external labor migration to the Russian Federation increases every year and in 2017 amounted to about 108 million people, the main source countries are post-Soviet countries, and the high-ranking subjects of attraction are the cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg and Moscow Region.
Potential of Natural-Based Anticancer Compounds for P-Glycoprotein Inhibition
Authors: Dinić Jelena , Podolski-Renić Ana , Jeremić Marko , Pešić Milica
Published: January 2019

Medicinal value of natural products comes from symbiotic and competitive evolution in Earth’s complex
biosphere. Billions of years of co-evolutionary interactions among millions of species have produced a large
repertoire of defense molecules effective in fighting bacteria, viral, and fungal pathogens. Each species contains
millions of different and useful molecules and new research technologies enabled the screening of molecules and
complex mixtures from diverse biological sources. Traditional use of plants and other species led to the discovery
of many bioactive compounds with various properties. In the last four decades, a large number of them were
evaluated for their potential to treat cancer. Penetration of drugs into the cancer cell is necessary for their lethal
pharmacological effect through interaction with intracellular target molecules. Increased activity of membrane
efflux pumps reduces the intracellular drug accumulation, thereby preventing drug-target interactions. The discovery
of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells prompted the
efforts in overcoming drug resistance by P-gp inhibition. The search for nontoxic anticancer agents from natural
sources able to overcome MDR has been imperative in the field of drug design and discovery. Herein, we review
various natural compounds from diverse sources emphasizing their potential to inhibit P-gp activity and/or expression.
Implications of Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) in Cancer: From Prognostic to Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Dianat-Moghadam Hassan , Teimoori-Toolabi Ladan
Published: January 2019

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are pleiotropic molecules exerting autocrine, intracrine and paracrine functions via activating four tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFR), which further trigger a variety of cellular processes including angiogenesis, evasion from apoptosis, bone formation, embryogenesis, wound repair and homeostasis. Four major mechanisms including angiogenesis, inflammation, cell proliferation, and metastasis are active in FGF/FGFR-driven tumors. Furthermore, gain-of-function or loss-of-function in FGFRs1-4 which is due to amplification, fusions, mutations, and changes in tumor–stromal cells interactions, is associated with the development and progression of cancer. Although, the developed small molecule or antibodies targeting FGFR signaling offer immense potential for cancer therapy, emergence of drug resistance, activation of compensatory pathways and systemic toxicity of modulators are bottlenecks in clinical application of anti-FGFRs. In this review, we present FGF/FGFR structure and the mechanisms of its function, as well as cross-talks with other nodes and/or signaling pathways. We describe deregulation of FGF/FGFR-related mechanisms in human disease and tumor progression leading to the presentation of emerging therapeutic approaches, resistance to FGFR targeting, and clinical potentials of individual FGF family in several human cancers. Additionally, the underlying biological mechanisms of FGF/FGFR signaling, besides several attempts to develop predictive biomarkers and combination therapies for different cancers have been explored.
Synthesis and Screening of Pro-apoptotic and Angio-inhibitory Activity of Novel Benzisoxazole Derivatives both In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Byrappa Sathish , Rachaiah Kavitha , Kotian Sumana Y. , Balaraju Yashaswini , Prabhuswamimath Samudyata C. , Rai Kuriya M.L. , Salimath Bharathi P.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) tends to be more aggressive than other types of breast cancer. Resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle hence there is a significant need for new antineoplastic drugs with multi-target potency. Numerous Benzoisoxazole moieties have been found to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. In the present study, we have synthesized 9 novel derivatives of Benzisoxazole 7(a-i) and screened them for their biological potential.

Methods:

Chemical synthesis, Mass spectrometry (HRMS), cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay, wound healing assay, flow cytometry and nuclear staining. Angio-inhibitory activity assessed by corneal micropocket assay and in vivo peritoneal angiogenesis assay.

Results:

The Benzisoxazole derivatives 7(a-i) were synthesized and screened for their biological potency by both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Among the series, compound 3-(1-((3-(3(Benzyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)- 4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-yl)methyl)piperidine-4-yl)6-fluorobenzo[d] isoxazole (7e) was found to be most promising, with an average IC50 value of 50.36 ± 1.7 µM in MTT assay and showed 81.3% cell death. The compound 7e also showed 60-70% inhibition on a recombinant Metastasis-Associated protein (MTA1) induced proliferation and cell migration in MDAMB-231 cells, which is known to play a major role in angiogenesis. The anti-tumour studies inferred the regression of tumour activity. This was due to inhibition of neovascularization and evoking apoptosis process as assessed by corneal vascularization, peritoneal angiogenesis and apoptotic hallmarks in 7e treated cells.

Conclusion:

These findings not only show the biological efficacy of compound 7e but it is also an effective beginning to explore the mechanism of metastasis and cancer therapy strategy targeting MTA1. The observed biological activity makes compound 7e an attractive drug candidate.
Differences in Serum Biomarkers Between Combined Glucosamine and Chondroitin Versus Celecoxib in a Randomized, Double-blind Trial in Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Navarro Sandi L. , Herrero Marta , Martinez Helena , Zhang Yuzheng , Ladd Jon , Lo Edward , Shelley David , Randolph Timothy W. , Lampe Johanna W. , Lampe Paul D.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, e.g., celecoxib, are commonly
used for inflammatory conditions, but can be associated with adverse effects. Combined
glucosamine hydrochloride plus chondroitin sulfate (GH+CS) are commonly used
for joint pain and have no known adverse effects. Evidence from in vitro, animal and human
studies suggest that GH+CS have anti-inflammatory activity, among other mechanisms
of action.

Objective:

We evaluated the effects of GH+CS versus celecoxib on a panel of 20 serum
proteins involved in inflammation and other metabolic pathways.

Methods:

Samples were from a randomized, parallel, double-blind trial of pharmaceutical
grade 1500 mg GH + 1200 mg CS (n=96) versus 200 mg celecoxib daily (n=93) for 6-
months in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex,
body mass index, baseline serum protein values, and rescue medicine use assessed the intervention
effects of each treatment arm adjusting for multiple testing.

Results:

All serum proteins except WNT16 were lower after treatment with GH+CS, while
about half increased after celecoxib. Serum IL-6 was significantly reduced (by 9%,
P=0.001) after GH+CS, and satisfied the FDR <0.05 threshold. CCL20, CSF3, and WNT16
increased after celecoxib (by 7%, 9% and 9%, respectively, P<0.05), but these serum proteins
were no longer statistically significant after controlling for multiple testing.

Conclusion:

The results of this study using samples from a previously conducted trial in
OA patients, demonstrate that GH+CS reduces circulating IL-6, an inflammatory cytokine,
but is otherwise comparable to celecoxib with regard to effects on other circulating protein
biomarkers.
Behavioral Experimental Paradigms for the Evaluation of Drug’s Influence on Cognitive Functions: Interpretation of Associative, Spatial/Nonspatial and Working Memory
Authors: Zameer Saima , Akhtar Mohd. , Vohora Divya
Published: January 2019

Background:

Currently, a large number of people throughout the world are affected by neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease which appear with a lapse in recall, attention and altered cognitive functions. Learning and memory, the fundamental indices defining cognitive functions, are the complex psychological processes governing acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval of stored information. These processes are synchronized by the coordination of various parts of the brain including hippocampus, striatum and amygdala.

Objective:

The present review is centered on different behavioral paradigms in rodents interpreting learning and memory both explicitly and implicitly. Furthermore, it is also emphasizing on the interaction of various brain structures during different stages of associative, spatial and non-spatial memory.

Methods:

We embarked on an objective review of literature relevant to screening methods for evaluation of drug’s influence on a wide range of cognitive functions (learning and memory) as well as the underlying mechanism responsible for modulation of these functions.

Results:

Our review highlighted the behavioral paradigms based on associative, spatial/nonspatial and working memory. The cited research acknowledged the hippocampal and striatal control on learning and memory.

Conclusion:

Since the neurodegenerative disorders and dementia have continuously been increasing, a wide range of therapeutic targets have been developed at the cellular and molecular level. This arises the necessity of screening of these targets in different cognitive behavioral paradigms which reflect their memory enhancing potential. The understanding of behavioral models and the involvement of brain structures in cognitive functions highlighted in the present review might be helpful to advance therapeutic interventions.
Public Views on Using Mobile Phone Call Detail Records in Health Research: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jones Kerina Helen , Daniels Helen , Heys Sharon , Ford David Vincent
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Mobile phone call detail records (CDRs) are increasingly being used in health research. The location element in CDRs is used in various health geographic studies, for example, to track population movement and infectious disease transmission. Vast volumes of CDRs are held by multinational organizations, which may make them available for research under various data governance regimes. However, there is an identified lack of public engagement on using CDRs for health research to contribute to an ethically founded framework.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore public views on the use of call detail records in health research.

METHODS

Views on using CDRs in health research were gained via a series of three public workshops (N=61) informed by a pilot workshop of 25 people. The workshops included an initial questionnaire to gauge participants’ prior views, discussion on health research using CDRs, and a final questionnaire to record workshop outcome views. The resulting data were analyzed for frequencies and emerging themes.

RESULTS

At the outset, most participants (66%, 40/61) knew that location data were collected by operators, but only 3% (2/61) knew they were being used for health research. Initially, the majority of the participants (62%, 38/61) was content for their anonymous CDRs to be used, and this increased (80%, 49/61) after the discussion explained that safeguards were in place. Participants highlighted that terms and conditions should be clearer, as should information to phone users on data collection, privacy safeguards, sharing, and uses in research.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first known study exploring public views of using mobile phone CDRs in health research. It revealed a lack of knowledge among the public on uses of CDRs and indicated that people are generally amenable to the use of anonymized data for research, but they want to be properly informed and safeguarded. We recommend that public views be incorporated into an ethically founded framework for the use of CDRs in health research to promote awareness and social acceptability in data use.
A mixed methods study exploring the views and experiences of internationally qualified midwives in Australia: Research Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Javanmard Mitra , Steen Mary , Vernon Rachael , Cooper Megan
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Approximately, 13% of the total Australian midwifery workforce is internationally qualified. Although they play a significant role in the Australian midwifery system, there is limited understanding of their transitional experiences.

OBJECTIVE

This mixed methods study aims to explore the transitional experiences and perspectives of internationally qualified midwives practising in Australia.

METHODS

This study uses an explanatory sequential mixed methods design incorporating two phases. The first phase of the study includes an e-survey that will be distributed to internationally qualified midwives in Australia, via the website e-bulletins of the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation and Australian College of Midwives. Additionally, potential respondents will be recruited via social media (Twitter, Facebook) and associated snowball sampling. At the end of the e-survey, respondents will be asked whether they are willing to take part in an interview. Data from the e-survey will be statistically analysed. The results of the e-survey and literature review will help to develop a guide for interview questions, with these interviews taking place during the second phase. A nested sample of participants will be created using the same selection criteria as for the e-survey. Semi-structured interviews will provide a deeper insight into the transitional experiences of internationally qualified midwives. Data will then be thematically analysed.

RESULTS

An integration of the e-survey results and interview findings will be synthesised to explore and better understand the transitional experiences of this group of midwives. The resulting data may potentially be used to formulate recommendations for future recruitment and retention practices, and to aid the Australian midwifery workforce in valuing diversity and fostering a supportive work environment.

CONCLUSIONS

At the time of writing this protocol, data collection had not yet commenced, however collection was subsequently completed in late 2018 and analysis is currently underway.

CLINICALTRIAL

This study was approved by the University of South Australia Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol Number: 0000036397).
Web-based interventions aimed at improving the mental health effects of home caregivers for dementia: Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Feng Hui , Zhao Yinan , Hu Mingyue , Hu Hengyu , Li Hui , Ning Hongting , Chen Huijing , Liao Lulu , Peng Linlin
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Dementia is one of the major cause of disability and dependency among the elderly worldwide, and there are general psychological distresses among caregivers in dementia, such as depression and anxiety symptoms. The physical and mental health of the caregiver is a prerequisite and a promise to help the elderly stay alive and promote health. Web-based interventions can provide for a more convenient and efficient support and education,

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of internet-based interventions on mental health outcomes of family caregivers with dementia, and exploring which components of the web-based interventions play an important role.which are likely to reduce caregivers’ negative outcomes associated with care.

METHODS

A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database and CINAHL by using relevant terms such as web-based and caregiver as keywords, covering all studies published before June 2018. Two reviewers independently reviewed all published abstracts, according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria ，we extracted the information about participants, interventions and results, respectively, and reviewed the quality of articles on the methods of randomized trials using the approach recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for systematic review for intervention.

RESULTS

A total of 815 caregivers participated in 6 articles, and 4 of the studies use depression as an outcome, according to the research after different interventions based on network after the intervention, depression scores average drop of 0.23 (95%CI -0.38 to -0.07, p<0.01), 2 studies show caregivers anxiety symptoms, the average score for anxiety dropped by 0.32 points (95% CI -0.50 to -0.14, p< 0.01), but in terms of coping, pain and stress, the web-based interventions have shown a poor effect. On the whole, the addition of professional psychological support on the basis of education can improve mental health of carers.

CONCLUSIONS

Internet-based interventions were generally effective in reducing anxiety and depression in dementia carers, although negative results were found in some studies. But in terms of burden and stress, further research is needed.
Biochemical tolerance of Suaeda maritima L. (Dumort) as a potential species for phytoextracting heavy metal and salt in paper mill effluent contaminated soil.
Authors: Malik Zakir Hussain , Ravindran K.C.
Published: January 2019

Suaeda maritima is a halophyte that has been evolutionary adapted to cope with saline and heavy metal conditions. The aim of the present study was to examine the biochemical response of Suaeda maritima against phytoextracting heavy metals and salts from paper mill effluent. Suaeda maritima  seedlings have been grown for 120 days with an irrigation solution of 250 ml of 75% raw paper mill effluent after four drenching. Analysis of biochemical parameters revealed that maximum synthesis of chlorophyll, protein, phenol, proline and glycinebetaine may be involved in their ability to cope with heavy metal and salt stress. The present study confirms that the accumulation and increase of biochemical constituents can be considered as an efficient ROS scavenger and also maintain cellular homeostasis and metabolic functions in photosynthetically active leaves in Suaeda maritima, during phytoextraction studies.

Keywords: phytoextraction, paper mill effluent, Suaeda maritima, biochemical, heavy metal and salts
CO-CRYSTALS: A REVIEW
Authors: Chaudhari Shilpa , Nikam Sarika Ankushrao , Khatri Neetu , Wakde Shubham
Published: January 2019

In development of new product major constraints are poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. Crystallization is one the approach has been used for enhancement of solubility of poorly aqueous soluble drugs also helps to improve physicochemical properties such as melting point, tabletability, solubility, stability, bioavailability and permeability with preserving the pharmacological properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Different methods have been used for the synthesis of cocrystal such as grinding, slurry, antisolvent, hot melt extrusion, sonocrystallization, supercritical fluid, spray drying etc. The article highlights the co-crystallization, its methods and significance.
The anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract powder bark of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Loganiaceae)
Authors: Djova Valdi Steve , Nyegue Ascension Maximilienne , Etoa François-Xavier
Published: January 2019

Aqueous extract bark of Anthocleista schweinfurthii (ASE) was investigated for anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory activities and phytochemicals screening. Phytochemical screening was carried out according, to LC-MS procedures, the anti-inflammatory effect of ASE was evaluated in vitro inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) enzyme and  proteinase inhibiting action assays. The anti-arthritic activity was performed according to the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) test. The chemical composition of ASE showed that it was mainly composed of isocyanate, biphenyltriol, methoxyflavanone, soscoparin and glucopyroside. In the anti-inflammatory assays, ASE showed selective inhibition of 15-lipooxygenase with IC50 value of and moderate activity against the inhibition of proteinase action with IC50 value of L. Both the methods  showed that the ASE posses good anti-inflammatory activity. ASE had strong in vitro anti-arthritic activity with IC50 of , the positive control Diclofenac had IC50 value of  The result of this study justified the use of this plant in traditional Cameroonian medicine in the treatment of inflammation. ASE may offer a new source of potential therapeutic agents for the effective treatment of arthritis and inflammation. 

 

Keywords: Anthocleista schweinfurthii, phytochemical screening, anti-arthritic activity, anti-inflammatory activity,
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM THE ROOT OF ARGYREIA SPECIOSA AGAINST GLOBAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIC REPERFUSION INJURY IN RATS
Authors: Jaiswal Bhagat Singh , Tailang Mukul
Published: January 2019

Cerebral stroke is the principal reason of death without effective treatment in the world and recognized as the common cause of disability. Argyreia speciosa (Linn.f.) (Convolvulaceae, Synonyms: Argyreia nervosa) is widely distributed plant species in India. It is commonly known as Elephant creeper and Vryddhadaru. A. speciosa is a very valuable plant in the Ayurvedic system. In 'Rasayan' drug it has been used for the treatment of various neurological diseases. Its root taste is bitter and having the multiple uses like as a brain tonic, nootropic, anti-anxiety and anticonvulsant activity. The current study, plan to investigate the neuroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of A. speciosa root (ASEE) in a validate rat model of stroke known as global cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (GCIRI). We divided 36 male Wistar rats to six experimental groups (n= 6). The group-I considered as sham control (no GCIRI), Group-II saline treated GCIRI, Group-III, IV, and V received ASEE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days prior to the induction of GCIRI while Group-VI termed as standard and it received quercetin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior induction of GCIRI. GCIRI produced the significant neurological deficit, sensorimotor dysfunction, decrease neurobehavioral parameters, increased cerebral infarction area and brain edema as compared with sham control rats. Seven days of pretreatment with ASEE markedly attenuates all the changes caused by GCIRI to the normal level. Our results proved that ASEE possess the protective effect on GCIRI induced stroke and aforementioned neuroprotection may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory property.

Keywords: Brain stroke, BCCAO, Antioxidants, Neuroprotection, Argyreia speciosa
Development and validation of novel HPLC method for the estimation of Rutin in crude hydromethanolic leaf extract of Prosopis cineraria
Authors: Bishnoi Ram Singh , Kumar Manish , Shukla Ajay Kumar , Jain C.P.
Published: January 2019

A simple, specific, accurate and precise high performance liquid chromatography method has developed for the estimation of rutin in Prosopis cineraria. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using C18 column, 150 x 4.6mm i.d., 5µ bonded phase octadecylsilane (Thermo Labs Hypersil). Mobile phase was composed of 80 parts of methanol & 20 parts of 0.05% formic acid. The pH of the mobile phase was 3.2.The retention time of rutin was found 5.7 min with 1 mL/min flow rate at ambient temperature. The estimation was performed on PDA detector at 281 nm. In this study, an excellent linearity was obtained with r2 0.999. Besides, the chromatographic peak was found sharp & symmetric. The proposed method was validated in terms of the analytical parameters such as accuracy, linearity, precision, robustness, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined based on the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The detector response was linear in the range of 2-10 µg/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied for the estimation of the constituents in crude extract of Prosopis cineraria. This study established a quantitative method for the determination of rutin from Prosopis cineraria.

 Keywords: Prosopis cineraria, HPLC, Validation, Rutin.
Drug utilization evaluation of antibiotics in district hospital Rudraprayag
Authors: Kala Kanishk , Sodhi Rupinder Kaur , Jain Upendra Kumar
Published: January 2019

Drug utilization is very important for antibiotics as they are widely used in hospitals and their in appropriate use may lead to resistance. To check this irrational use of antibiotics and promote rational use the present retrospective study was conducted to access drug utilization evaluation of antibiotics in in patient department of District Hospital Rudraprayag for a period of three months. Overall 126 patients records were encountered in the study in which male female ratio .was 1 2. Prominent age range was 21-40. Overall 1064 drugs were prescribed average number of drug per prescription was 8.44. Percentage of drug by generic name was 33. Percentage of antibiotic prescribed was 82.74. Percentage of drugs with EDL was 66.16. Study results revealed poly-pharmacy, brand prescribing as common trends. Study showed need to promote prescribers to follow generic prescribing and use injectable and antibiotics rationally to prevent development of resistance in hospital and community.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Drug utilization, Antibiotics
Preparation and Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Cisplatin
Authors: Raut Indrayani D. , Doijad Rajendra C. , Mohite Shrinivas K. , Manjappa Arehalli S.
Published: January 2019

Cisplatin (Cis diaminedichloro platinum) was the first platinum drug to be used as an anticancer drug, and it is widely used in the treatment of testicular, head, neck, ovarian and lung cancer. The use of Cisplatin is limited due to its intrinsic and acquired resistance and severe side effects such as chronic neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The colloidal carriers such as emulsion, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles have been extensively studied to overcome above limitations. The solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), amongst other colloidal carriers, were found to be an ideal carrier for lipophillic drug for better stability and release retardation. Cisplatin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles was prepared by microemulsion technique. Stearic acid was used as lipid. The other excipients were used as DPPG, Soya lecithin and Poloxamer P407  and acidic buffer  PH4. Also used Probe sonication for 10 min at 79 Amplitude. Cisplatin SLNs Batch C13 showed particle size of 119.23±1.52 nm, Zeta potential of -37.33±2.47 mV, % Entrapment efficiency of  90.2 ± 2.1 %., % Drug loading capacity of 1.62 ± 1.34 %., The TEM study of optimized Cisplatin SLN illustrated the spherical shape of nanoparticles. Total release amount of Cisplatin was 82.62± 2.04 % after 48 hrs. The formulation performed kinetics study followed Peppas plot equation The SLNs of Cisplatin met all the requirements of a colloidal drug delivery system. They had particle size in nanosize; their size distribution was narrow and all the particles were in spherical shape and stable.

Keywords: Cisplatin, Solid Lipid nanoparticles, zeta potential, Particle size, Transmission electron Microscopy.
In-vivo antiviral potential of crude extracts derived from Tribulus terrestris against newcastle disease virus
Authors: Malik Aqeela , Mehmood Muhammad Danish , Anwar Huma , Noreen Sana , Sultan Umer
Published: January 2019

Viral problems have been in focused of the scientists due to their high metabolic rate, drug resistance and unique nature of pathological mechanism. The failure of novel synthetic allopathic antiviral drugs propels the scientists to investigate other sources of alternative antiviral agents. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and spectrophotometry were conducted by using standard methods of phytochemical analysis of bioactive components. The methanolic extracts of Tribulus terrestris showed higher phytochemical phenols followed by tannins, alkaloids, carotenoid, saponins quantified by spectrophotometer assay.  The current study was done to evaluate the in vivo antiviral potential of crude extracts of medicinal plant by means of NDV Haemagglutination (HA) titer in vivo vero cell line culture. Furthermore, different doses of crude extract such as 20µl/ml, 40µl/ml, 60µlml and 80µl/ml were interacted with Lasota strain of the NDV (EID50= 1×105, HAU= I05) in 90% saturated vero cell line with constant supply of CO2 at 37°C. It is evaluated that the prevention dose (80µl/ml) of Tribulus terrestris (Pre-treatment) against Newcastle disease virus on vero cell line (2.5±1.0) just before 24 hour of infection is declared as optimum effective time period to counter these agents as compared to Co-treatment (80ul/ml) (3.0±1.15) and Post treatment (80µl/ml) (3.50±1.00). It is suggested from the results of current study that T. terristris showed enormous anti Newcastle disease virus effect in vero cell line adapted virus particularly when used as preventive antiviral therapy at the dose rate not less than 80ul/ml just before onset of disease.