bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Early Development of Low-Birthweight Infants: Relationship to Health, Family Status, Family Context, Family Processes, and Parenting
Authors: Bradley Robert H. , Caldwell Bettye M. , Rock Stephen L. , Casey Patrick M. , Nelson Joann
Published: March 2013

This study examines the early development of low birthweight infants and its relationship to five categories of medical and environmental variables: (1) health; (2) family status; (3) family context; (4) family process; and (5) parenting. Results showed that scores on the Bayley Mental Development Index. (MDI) at 18 months were related to all five categories of variables. However, most correlations were only moderate in strength (0.3 to 0.5) and four of the. five categories could be represented by only a single variable within the category. Multiple regression analyses indicated that family context and family process variables were not as highly related to MDI as family status, medical problems, and parenting were. The most efficient prediction of MDI was obtained using a combination of two HOME subscales, variety of stimulation and organisation of the environment, plus the 5-minute APGAR (R = 0.59).
Social Milieu and Future Orientation: The Case of Kibbutz vs. Urban Adolescents
Authors: Seginer Rachel
Published: March 2013

This study examines the effect of one social milieu factor (Israeli kibbutz vs. urban lifestyle) on adolescents' future orientation. Responses of 114 kibbutz and 112 urban adolescents to an open-ended future orientation questionnaire are grouped into nine life domains: school and matriculation, military service, higher education, work and career, marriage and family, self, others, collective issues, and community service. Analysis shows that, overall, kibbutz adolescents express fewer hopes for the future (lower hopes salience), and their image of hopes for the future is somewhat less detailed and concrete (lower hopes specificity). These tendencies are especially manifested in domains pertaining to transition to adulthood (military service, higher education) and adulthood (work and career, marriage and family) roles. Results are examined in light of prospective cognitive appraisal (Lazarus & Launier, 1978). This prompts a proposition that the relationship between adolescents' prospective appraisal and future orientation has an inverted U-shape. Following on from Trommsdorff and Lamm (1980) it is also suggested that the future orientation model be expanded and also include intrapersonal factors derived from expectancy x value models (Heckhausen, 1977).
Patterns of Rhythmic Stimulation by Mothers with Three-Month-Olds: A Cross-Modal Comparison
Authors: Koester Lynne Sanford , Papousek Hanus , Papousek Mechthild
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this research was to examine the nature of the temporally patterned stimulation provided spontaneously by parents to their infants. This study provides microanalytic descriptions of the temporally patterned non-vocal behaviours used by 17 mothers during brief, videotaped interactions with their 3-month-olds. Results indicated significant effects of type of maternal behaviour and infant attention on 'tempo of rhythmic behaviours; one detailed example illustrates the dynamics of interactions within an individual dyad. It is asserted that the aspects of non-vocal communication investigated here are part of a repertoire of intuitive parental behaviours which support the infant's early integrative competence and adaptation to the social world.
Becoming Literate: Referential and Phonetic Strategies in Early Reading and Writing
Authors: Levin Iris , Landsmann Liliana Tolchinsky
Published: March 2013

Preschoolers' conception of the written system was analysed with respect to their use of referential and phonetic strategies in reading and writing. Referential writing involves writing a word using elements related to the features of the referent (e.g. writing "snake" with more signs than "butterfly" because a snake is longer). Similarly, referential reading involves relating to the graphic features of the written word (e.g. choosing the longer word as representing "snake"). Phonetic strategies relate written words to the sound pattern of spoken words. Children were asked to write pairs of spoken nouns. They were then shown pairs of cards on which these same nouns had been written, and were asked to decide which of the nouns appeared on which of the cards and to justify their decision. As predicted, there was a shift with age from the use of referential to phonetic strategies both in children's writing and in their reading although different referential links to the object's features were established when writing and when reading. The findings are interpreted as an outcome of the different processes involved in reading and writing, and of the particular constraints of the written system.
Conceptual and Linguistic Factors in Children's Memory for Causal Expressions
Authors: Byrnes James P. , Gelman Susan A.
Published: March 2013

The present study examined children's memory for causal expressions as a measure of their implicit knowledge. In experiment I, first-, third-, and fifth-graders were asked to recall descriptions of causal sequences including "if" and "because" statements. Protocols were scored for recall of causal ideas and use of the terms "if" and "because." Results showed significant age differences in recall of causal ideas, but mostly with regard to causal explanations and not concepts of covariance. Significant increases were also found in recall of the terms "if" and "because" to describe these sequences. In experiment II, the same subjects received a sentence recall task that assessed the degree to which they associated "if" with unexpected content and "when" with expected content. On this task, third and fifth-graders were significantly more likely to associate "if" with unexpected content and "when" with ordinary content. Implications for children's understanding of causal relations and for knowledge-based accounts of memory are discussed.
The Development of Emotional Concepts: A Replication with a German Sample
Authors: Bormann-Kischkel Christiane , Hildebrand-Pascher Stefanie , Stegbauer Gabriele
Published: March 2013

Although children make more errors than adults when they have to recognise the emotional expression of a photographed face, they structure emotional concepts just as adults do, by the two dimensions pleasure/ displeasure and high/low arousal (Bullock & Russell 1984, 1985, 1986). This was demonstrated by the fact that the children's recognition errors were not randomly distributed across all emotions. Rather, emotions were confused that were similar to each other in terms of pleasantness and arousal. Moreover, multidimensional scaling procedures yielded the same two dimensions mentioned earlier underlying the responses of 3to 5-year-old children and adults. In the present study we attempted a cross-cultural replication of these results with German-speaking kindergarten children and adults. Although slight differences emerged for the meanings of single emotion terms we confirmed the previous findings, thus adding validity to the model outlined by Bullock and Russell (1986).
The Impact of Lived Experience on Cognitivoethical Development of Today's Women
Authors: Lavallee Marguerite , Gourde Anne , Rodier Chantal
Published: March 2013

Using Perry's developmental scheme (1970), derived from reflections on knowledge and education (KE), and known for its strong correlation with higher education, the authors examine three problems: (1) the generalisability of Perry's model to other areas of reflection, by comparing women's forms of reasoning on both KE and woman's Social Role (SR); (2) the relative influence of higher education on cognitivoethical development, by comparing university and non-university female adults; and (3) the sensitivity of Perry's model to historicosocial factors, by verifying a cohort effect. Seventy-four housewives and active female workers entering university for the first time (Group 1) and 76 regular university students (Group 2) were interviewed on both KE and SR. Their forms of reasoning were assessed following Perry's adapted grids. High correlations between KE and SR in both groups give support to the first hypothesis. Cross-tabulation analysis comparing both groups on KE and SR reveals no significant difference. Stepwise multiple regression analyses performed on both groups indicate that factors such as non-conservatism, celibacy, cohort, and age explain for 34% and 33% of the differences observed in Group 1, while the level of education and celibacy only explain for 10% of the differences in Group 2. These results are interpreted in terms of a timed sociopersonal development, that is, a dialectical process.
French Children's Conception of Requesting: The Development of Metapragmatic Knowledge
Authors: Bernicot Josie
Published: March 2013

To what extent are children able to "think about" or "talk about" variation in linguistic forms of requests in different communicative situations? In other words, do children have metapragmatic knowledge? These issues were tested on a sample of 72 subjects divided into three age groups (5-, 7-, and 10-year-olds). Subjects were read short narratives composed of conversations between two speakers. After each story, subjects were asked to evaluate the appropriateness of a request made by one of the protagonists, explain their judgements, and suggest an alternative formulation. Thus, the experiment tests conscious metapragmatic knowledge. Responses were analysed in terms of age of subjects, linguistic form of requests (direct request, conventional indirect request, non-conventional indirect request, hint or justification), and relationship between the two speakers (good co-operation/poor co-operation). The findings show that: (1) 5-year-olds have metapragmatic knowledge; (2) the repertoire of metapragmatic knowledge increases with age; and (3) this repertoire is affected by the linguistic form of the request and by the degree of co-operation between speakers. The discussion focuses on situations that reveal early metapragmatic knowledge, and on possible mechanisms governing the transition from one type of metapragmatic knowledge to another.
Caregiver Child Interaction Patterns in Two Cultures in Relation to Nutritional Intake
Authors: Wachs Theodore D. , Sigman Marian , Bishry Zeinab , Moussa Wafaa , Jerome Norge , Neumann Charlotte , Bwibo Nimrod , McDonald Mary Alice
Published: March 2013

The major focus of the present project was the relation between caregiver behaviour towards toddlers, and caregiver and toddler nutritional intake across two cultures. Kenyan subjects were 110 toddlers, 18-30 months of age and their caregivers; Egyptian subjects were 153 toddlers, 18-30 months of age and their caregivers. Based on monthly observations and maternal report, food intake values were calculated for both mothers and toddlers in both countries. In Kenya, based on bimonthly observations, five measures of caregiver behaviour were collected; based on monthly observations, nine measures of caregiver behaviour were collected in Egypt. Results indicated that in both countries caregiver behaviours toward their toddlers were driven primarily by toddler rather than by maternal intake. However, the specific pattern of relations differed across each culture. Specifically, in Egypt, more adequately nourished toddlers received more appropriate stimulation from caregivers. In Kenya, more adequately nourished toddlers had less physical contact with their caregivers and their caregivers responded verbally to their vocalisations less than they did for poorly nourished toddlers.
A Reassessment of the Self-Perception Profile for Children: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Convergent Validity of a French Version among Second through Sixth Grade Children
Authors: Boivin Michel , Vitaro Frank , Gagnon Claude
Published: March 2013

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the factor structure, reliability, and convergent validity of a French version of the Self-Perception Profile for Children among primary schoolchildren. The study was conducted during the spring term and entailed group administration of a French version of Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children to 466 second grade, 350 third grade, 274 fourth grade children, and 247 sixth grade children. Teacher evaluations, individual sociometric interviews, and collective administration of a peer assessment measure were also collected but for second, third, and fourth grade samples only. The factor structure was evaluated by means of the confirmatory factor analytic procedure. The convergent validity of each subscale was tested by correlating self-assessment scores with teachers' and peers' assessments on similar dimensions for each age group. The results generally supported the five factor solution for all age groups (similar to the English version) although the magnitudes of the phi estimates indicated a substantial lack of self-concept differentiation among second and third grade children. The internal consistency values also indicated that each dimension could be reliably measured at each age level. Significant convergent validity was evidenced for all dimensions with the exception of physical appearance.
Maternal IQ, the Home Environment, and Child IQ in Low Birthweight, Premature Children
Authors: Bradley Robert H. , Whiteside Leanne , Caldwell Bettye M. , Casey Patrick H. , Kelleher Kelly , Pope Sandra , Swanson Mark , Barrett Kathleen , Cross David
Published: March 2013

The study examined the extent to which aspects of the home environment play a mediating role in the relation between maternal and child IQ. The procedure of establishing mediation developed by Baron and Kenny was followed using 608 low birthweight, premature infants from eight different sites. Regression analyses indicated that both maternal IQ and Infant/ Toddler HOME scores obtained at 12 months made significant contributions to 3 year child IQ scores. Maternal IQ and Early Childhood HOME scores obtained at 36 months also both made significant contributions to 3 year child IQ scores. There was a significant "indirect" or mediated affect associated with HOME scores at both time points. Structural equation models were used to confirm information developed in the regression analyses. The fit of the model was good for the total sample and for a sample of children and mothers whose IQs were both greater than 70. A stronger indirect effect was noted at three years as compared to one year.
Adolescent Development in an Age-graded Context: The Role of Personal Beliefs, Goals, and Strategies in the Tackling of Developmental Tasks and Standards
Authors: Nurmi Jari-Erik
Published: March 2013

There is growing interest in how sociocultural context influences personality development, and in how people influence their own development as agents. This article represents an attempt to integrate recent models of social age systems and cognitive personality research with research on adolescence. The objective is to provide a framework for understanding adolescent development in an age-graded context. It is suggested that adolescents develop during the process of setting personal goals by comparing their individual motives with age-graded developmental tasks and role transitions. In order to realise their goals, they construct plans by considering different institutional opportunities in relevant domains, such as school, work, peer relationships, and society in a broader context. Developmental standards and beliefs concerning age-appropriate behaviour provide an eventual basis for the evalution of success along various developmental trajectories. This process also provides a basis for new self-definitions and identity. Related research is reviewed and, in conclusion, some future directions for research on adolescence are suggested.
Differences in Cultural Frame of Reference
Authors: Ogbu John U.
Published: March 2013

There are at least two prerequisites for understanding the academic performance of minorities in contemporary urban industrial societies. The first is to distinguish among different types of minority status; the second is to distinguish different types of cultural difference. The distinctions between voluntary and involuntary minorities and between primary and secondary cultural differences are used as explanatory concepts. Voluntary minorities do not have persistent basic academic difficulties, no matter what their primary cultural differences from the dominant majority. The people who have the most difficulty with academic achievement are involuntary minorities. These difficulties stem from the responses that involuntary minorities have made to their forced incorporation and subsequent treatment, especially their formation of oppositional identity and oppositional cultural frame of reference. Such responses constitute secondary cultural differences. Unlike primary cultural differences, secondary cultural differences do not predate contact between the minority and the majority groups; rather, they are responses to the difficult nature of the contact.
Issues in Working Memory Measurement: Testing for M Capacity
Authors: Morra Sergio
Published: March 2013

Two studies on measurement of M capacity are reported. Study 1, with 191 subjects aged 6-11, found factor-analytical and correlational evidence that five M capacity tests share a common source of variance, and that, with age, they increase at a similar rate. Study 2, with 124 subjects aged 6-10 years, replicated the previous findings. It is suggested that, in this age range, M capacity can be measured with a battery of tests.
Patterns of Parent-Child Interaction in Mexican Families: A Cross-cultural Perspective
Authors: Bronstein Phyllis
Published: March 2013

Systematic observations of parent-child interaction in Mexican families revealed a number of reciprocal patterns of behaviour. Warm, supportive parent behaviour was found to be positively related to both supportive and to assertive, self-expressive child behaviour. Punitive, restrictive parent behaviour and parental attempts at "psychological control" were found to be positively related both to passively resistant and provocatively resistant child behaviour. In addition, sex differences were found in the dyadic patterns that emerged. The implications of these findings, with a focus on how parent-child interaction patterns may affect children's social and emotional development, are discussed from a within-and cross-cultural perspective.
Transitional Processes in Social Cognitive Development: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Berkowitz Marvin W. , Keller Monika
Published: March 2013

Microprocesses of stage change were studied by applying Snyder and Feldman's consolidation/transition model to substages and subcontents of Selman's stages of friendship reasoning in a six-year longitudinal study of 97 9-to 15-year-old children. It was hypothesised that individuals exhibiting reasoning above their own modal stages would be more likely to experience a developmental advance in modal reasoning, even when examined at the level of substage and subcontent. This was confirmed; however, the amount of variance in above mode reasoning was not related to development. Finally, controversies in the prior literature were explained by methodological differences. It was concluded that the Piagetian processes underlying the Snyder and Feldman model were supported.
The Effects of Daycare Intervention in the Preschool Years on the Narrative Skills of Poverty Children in Kindergarten
Authors: Feagans Lynne V. , Farran Dale C.
Published: March 2013

The following study examined narrative skills in 89 poverty children, half of whom had received an infant daycare intervention (experimental) and half whom had not (control). At school entry these groups were split again with half of each group receiving school-age intervention. For each child in the sample, a child of the same sex in their classroom was chosen to form a local population sample (LPS). Children were read stories of varying thematic cohesiveness and asked both to comprehend and paraphrase the narratives in the fall and spring of the kindergarten year. The results indicated that the preschool experimental group performed better than the preschool control group on the comprehension and paraphrase of the stories in the fall but not in the spring. The LPS group was especially better able to paraphrase stories in comparison to the poverty groups. Discussion is centred on reasons for the convergence of the two poverty groups over kindergarten and the possible cultural differences that led to their poorer performance with respect to the LPS group.
Aggression and Noncompliance among Swedish Children in Centre-based Care, Family Day Care, and Home Care
Authors: Prodromidis Margarita , Lamb Michael E. , Sternberg Kathleen J. , Hwang C. Phillip , Broberg Anders G.
Published: March 2013

The relations between individual, family, and child care characteristics and children's aggressive and noncompliant behaviours were examined in this study of 140 first-born Swedish children assessed at 16,28,40, and 80 months of age. All of the parents involved in the study had attempted to enrol their children in centre-based day care, but some were accepted instead into family day care settings, while others remained in the exclusive care of their parents. Composite measures of aggression and noncompliance were constructed using data obtained from multiple sources (i.e. mothers, teachers, observers). Child care arrangements and histories were not associated with levels of aggression or noncompliance. Multiple regression analyses suggested that the quality of home care was the best predictor of both aggressive and noncompliant behaviour. Boys were more aggressive than girls, and children with more controlling parents were more noncompliant. Individual differences in aggression (but not noncompliance) were moderately stable over time. Aggression and noncompliance were modestly but reliably related to one another. These results suggest that alternative care of high quality does not lead to noncompliance and aggression.
Mother and Infant Activity and Interaction in Israel and in the United States: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bornstein Marc H. , Maital Sharone L. , Tal Joseph , Baras Rebecca
Published: March 2013

Activities and interactions of Israeli and US mothers and their 5-month-old infants were observed in the natural setting of their homes. This report examines infant visual and tactual exploration and vocalisation as well as maternal stimulation and speech. First, similarities and differences in activities between Israeli and US infants and mothers are assessed. Next, coherence in infant activities and in maternal activities within each society are evaluated, and resultant patterns of coherence between the two societies are compared. Last, correspondences between infant and maternal activities in each society are analysed, and resultant patterns of mother-infant interactions between the two societies are compared. Identification and description of activities, interactions, and developmental processes which are similar and different in comparable segments of Israeli and US society are discussed, and crosscultural tests of developmental issues related to coherence and to correspondence of activity in mother-infant dyads are evaluated. Israeli and US mothers may follow culture-specific paths in striving to meet infants' needs and in achieving socialisation goals.
Delayed Parenthood and Women's Expectations about the Transition to Parenthood
Authors: Dion Karen K.
Published: March 2013

Delayed parenthood has become an increasingly prevalent phenomenon in some industrialised societies as women gain educational and employment opportunities. What psychological factors are associated with this demographic trend? Is the timing of child-bearing related to parenthood motivation and family values? In order to address these questions, 114 women (20-40 years of age) who were expecting the birth of their first child were individually interviewed and completed measures of family and occupation-related constructs in their last trimester of pregnancy. The pattern of findings suggested that for many women, the perceived advantages of delayed child-bearing reflected a broader group of factors associated with personal development, rather than "careerism" per se. Timing of child-bearing was not related to parenthood motivation but was related to family values. As predicted, after statistically controlling for other variables, delayed childbearing (as defined by respondents' age) was related to a more individualistic view of family functioning.
Change, Reliability, and Stability in Self-perceptions in Early Adolescence: A Four-year Follow-up Study
Authors: Lintunen Taru , Leskinen Esko , Oinonen Marja , Salinto Marjo , Rahkila Paavo
Published: March 2013

Changes in self-perceptions of fitness, appearance, and self-esteem among adolescents were assessed in a 4-year follow-up study. Both the changes in the mean levels across time (profile analysis), and the changes in the reliability and stability of individual differences (i.e. covariance stability as test-retest correlations) were examined. The subjects (64 boys, 49 girls) were 11 years old at the first annual measurement. Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, as well as self-assessment questionnaires specifically designed for this study to assess Perceived Fitness and Perceived Appearance. MANOVA-and Simplex-models were used in the analysis. Our results among the girls were in accordance with the gradual consolidation hypothesis, so that self-perceptions become more fixed with increasing age. The boys showed highly stable self-perceptions throughout the follow-up, which may indicate the early emergence of a fixed self-concept. Self-esteem increased with age but changes in perceived fitness were small over time. The decrease in perceived appearance found among the girls but not among the boys was in accordance with the gender intensification hypothesis.
Learning Disabilities and Social Environments: Kibbutz versus City Comparisons of Loneliness and Social Competence
Authors: Margalit Malka , Ben-Dov Ilana
Published: March 2013

In order to explore aspects of loneliness and social competence of learning disabled students in relation to specific environmental contexts, this study focused on children in two different social systems: a kibbutz and a city. The aim of the study was to investigate the social skills and loneliness patterns among 122 students with learning disabilities (LD) in self-contained special classes within regular school systems (66 kibbutz students; 56 city students) and among 120 nondisabled (nonLD) students within these same environmental conditions (69 kibbutz students; 51 city students). A four-way MANCOVA (LD/nonLD X kibbutz/city X male/female X lower/higher grades, with age as covariate) was performed for self-reported loneliness and empathy, peer-rated sociometric measures, teacher-rated social skills, and classroom adjustment as the dependent measures. LD youngsters were found to be less socially competent and more lonely than their nonLD peers in all social competence areas, and as assessed by three sources of information. When compared with LD city students, LD kibbutz students were evaluated by their teachers as demonstrating fewer maladaptive externalising behaviours, and by their peers as having more friends. Social contexts did not differentiate between the two LD groups' feeling of loneliness or rates of peer acceptance, and it can be concluded that students with LD were found to experience loneliness regardless of gender or environmental conditions.
The Relationships between Memory Performance, Use of Simple Memory Strategies and Metamemory in Young Children
Authors: Henry Lucy A. , Norman Tricia
Published: March 2013

This study investigated the relationships between metamemory, the use of simple memory strategies and memory performance in children aged 4 to 5 years. Children carried out two memory tasks (memory span for pictures, free recall of toys), and their recall and use of strategies while carrying out these tasks was recorded. They also completed two metamemory tasks: predicting memory performance and responding to a nonverbal questionnaire concerning knowledge about memory-relevant variables. The metamemory questionnaire scores were significant predictors of memory performance in both tasks. In addition, some of the strategy variables were negative predictors of performance. Off-task behaviour reduced recall, as did naming (an unexpected result), for free recall of toys. Naming items at recall (but not at presentation) reduced recall in the memory span task. There was also some positive evidence that children who consistently named pictures at presentation had higher memory spans than children naming at recall only or using no strategies at all. It was concluded that both metamemory knowledge and the use of simple strategies are significantly related to memory performance in young children, but that these relationships are modest.
The Relationship of Play Activity and Gender to Parent and Child Sex-typed Communication
Authors: Leaper Campbell , Gleason Jean Berko
Published: March 2013

The influence of contextual factors on parent-child interactions, and the role of these factors in the incidence of gender differences in communication, was examined. Twelve daughters and twelve sons (mean age = 43 months) visited a university laboratory on separate occasions, once with their mothers and once with their fathers. During both visits, the parent-child pair played with a relatively masculine-stereotyped toy set, oriented toward construction play (a take-apart car), and a relatively feminine-stereotyped toy set, oriented toward social-dramatic play (props for a grocery store). Transcripts of the parent and child speech acts were coded while listening to audiotape recordings of the interactions. The results indicated that the play activity, and not the speaker's gender, significantly affected both parents' and children's use of different speech acts. Parent gender was an additional predictor of children's speech. All of the significant effects had large effect sizes. The findings support theoretical models and other research reports that emphasise the importance of activity settings in the sex-typing process.
Disrupted Moral Order: A Conceptual Framework for Differentiating Reactions to Loss and Trauma
Authors: Rafman Sandra , Canfield Joyce , Barbas Jose , Kaczorowski Janusz
Published: March 2013

To discern what turns a child victim of war into a patient, categories relevant to a disrupted moral dimension were applied to play sessions of two groups of children. Both groups had experienced familial loss in the context of war but differed in their clinical status: 7 children (all boys), aged 3 to 10 years, had been referred for psychological consultation and 15 community-based children (9 boys), aged 4 to 6 years, had not been so referred. Both groups exhibited vulnerability and vigilance. Whereas community-based children re-enacted scenarios of parental loss, the loss of a rule-governed universe characterised the play of referred children. Roles of perpetrator, victim, and witness shifted rapidly as moral ambiguities permeated fragmented scenes. Retaliation fantasies were intense but attribution of blame uncertain. Ambiguity and secrecy distinguished parents' narratives in the referred group. The concept of disruption in the moral order as well as the social order was useful as a framework in distinguishing children of differing clinical status.
An Overview of Administrative and National Survey Databases for Use in Otolaryngology Research
Authors: Boss Emily F. , Shah Rahul K.
Published: March 2013

An emerging focus on measurement and reporting of health care quality indicators calls for a sound evidence base that otolaryngologists can use to support clinical care decisions. In addition to traditional clinical trials, practitioners are heeding results of high‐quality comparative‐effectiveness and health services research analyses to better understand the complexity of disease epidemiology, care variation, health care costs, and surgical utilization for common conditions. Many national publicly available data sources exist for use in clinical research that may be of benefit for the academic and clinical otolaryngologist. The strength and value of these sources vary depending on the intended use or research question. The purpose of this commentary is to introduce and provide an overview of some major national and administrative databases, highlight potential strengths and limitations of these data, and suggest applications for use in advancing the care of our patients in otolaryngology.
A clinical evaluation of the Maquet Quadrox-i Neonatal oxygenator with integrated arterial filter
Authors: Ginther RM , Gorney R , Cruz R
Published: March 2013

High-performance, low-prime-volume oxygenators for the pediatric patient population have become a growing market among manufacturers. In the summer of 2011, our institution clinically evaluated the performance of the newly released Maquet Quadrox-i Neonatal oxygenator with integrated arterial filter. The static priming volume, including the integrated arterial filter, is 40 ml and the maximum rated blood flow is 1.5 liters per minute (LPM). The device was used on seven pediatric patients, ranging from 3.2 to 14 kg, undergoing various congenital heart defect repairs. Data were collected to calculate gas transfer, trans-oxygenator pressure drop, and heat exchange performance. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 85 minutes and the mean cross-clamp time was 56 minutes. The average oxygen transfer was 34.3 ± 22.8 ml/O2/min and increased with both blood flow and FiO2. The average carbon dioxide transfer was 22.3 ± 17.8 ml/min and increased with both blood flow and gas sweep to blood flow ratio. The average trans-oxygenator pressure drop per blood flow was 53.3 ± 15.5 mmHg/L/min and increased with flow. The average heat exchanger performance factor was 47.6 ± 11.6% and decreased with flow. The heat exchange performance factor at maximum observed clinical flow, 1.42 LPM, was 36.4%. During this evaluation, the Maquet Quadrox-i Neonatal oxygenator adequately performed within its operational flow in the clinical setting.
Biography of an inquiry: On a book about modes of existence
Authors: Latour Bruno
Published: March 2013

Since the Inquiry on Modes of Existence has been long in coming and has connections with all the successive field works done by the author, the paper tries to retrace the main steps that have led to the project. It shows that it has preceded the work done in actor-network theory and explains the link between philosophy and anthropology through the peculiar notion of ‘mode of existence’.
Assessment of adhesive fixture system under static and dynamic loading conditions
Authors: Raffles Mark H , Kolluru Kiran , Axinte Dragos , Llewellyn-Powell Helen
Published: March 2013

Adhesive fixture systems have several advantages over conventional fixturing methods due to the following key capabilities: (1) can hold components with increased workpiece accessibility for processing, (2) can hold delicate components while avoiding excessive clamping forces, and (3) can hold and support complex or variable geometry parts. The development of high-strength structural adhesives that can be rapidly and controllably cured now offers much greater scope for holding complex parts than the traditionally used low-strength adhesives, waxes, or low-melt alloys currently used in niche applications and ad hoc fixture systems. This article first evaluates the workholding performance, capability, and suitability of an ultraviolet-activated adhesive fixture system to hold aerospace-type components; this includes quantifying the mechanical properties of the adhesive bond and assessing the influential factors (surface finish, contamination, geometries of bonded surfaces, and adhesive-curing time). Then the article presents concepts of adhesive fixture system for rapid location and bonding/de-bonding for enhanced accessibility on machine surfaces. A set of fixture demonstrators and their effectiveness are evaluated in terms of maximum reaction forces, dynamic performance, and ease of use. From this research, it becomes apparent that the adhesive fixture system approach provides new opportunities for workholding geometrically complex components for high-demanding applications (e.g. manufacture of aerospace parts).
The Mass Comm Type
Authors: Crawford Elizabeth Crisp , Fudge Julie , Hubbard Glenn T. , Filak Vincent F.
Published: March 2013

A study of news media and strategic communication majors ( n = 273) revealed differences in regard to personality indices and impetuses for selecting to pursue degrees. Showing overall agreement in the importance of openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, strategic communication students were significantly higher in their ratings of agreeableness. News media students were significantly higher in their ratings of openness. In addition, news media students stated a significantly higher rating of the importance of altruistic purposes. Strategic communication students placed higher emphasis on financial gain. Implications for pedagogy and the profession are discussed.
Web User Opinions as an Information Source. What Impact on Cinema Attendances?
Authors: Belvaux Bertrand , Marteaux Séverine
Published: March 2013

Digital communication technologies such as the Internet intensify and accelerate the phenomenon of information diffusion by social exchange. The aim of this paper is to assess whether product introduction strategies should be modified in the light of this phenomenon. We conducted an empirical analysis on the movie market to compare the ability of web user opinions with classic indicators such as the mass media and critics to predict box-office takings. The results show that all three variables influence movie attendances. Promotion of a movie has no influence on web user opinions, but critics are influenced negatively for low-budget movies and positively for large-budget movies. Critic and web user advice merges only for large-budget movies.
Televisual Consumption Experience and Social Mediation: The Case of the Star Academy
Authors: Ladwein Richard , Kolenc Candy , Ouvry Mélanie
Published: March 2013

Through an exploratory approach based on the principles of “grounded theory”, this article attempts to understand the various aspects of the consumption experience lived by viewers of the “Star Academy” TV show. The main results underline the weight of social interactions and the experience valuing process. The nature of the interactions is: 1) intragenerational (peer groups) and 2) intergenerational (between parents and children, for example). These interactions appear as an essential component of both lived and renewed experiences. Consequently, these results lead us to draw up a detailed analysis of consumption values matrixes proposed in marketing, and to discuss the need for social mediation in the perspective of contemporary ways of life. Moreover, this research provides significant contributions for managers to analyze key factors of the success of some reality TV shows and their value sources as a consumption experience.
Vertical Product Line Extension Strategies: An Evaluation of Brand Halo Effect according to Range Level
Authors: Tafani Éric , Michel Géraldine , Rosa Emmanuelle
Published: March 2013

The brand halo effect for vertical product line extensions is analyzed using the central nucleus theory. The empirical study is based on experimentation linked to six brands in the automotive sector. This research shows that central brand associations are transferred to the vertical product line extension regardless of range level — low, middle or high-end range — and that such transference systematically reinforces linkages between such associations and the product line extensions. In contrast, the transfer of peripheral associations appears to be range-dependent, increasing or decreasing linkages between such associations and the product line extension according to the range level considered.
Consumers in Virtual Worlds: Identity Building and Consuming Experience in Second Life
Authors: Parmentier Guy , Rolland Sylvie
Published: March 2013

This paper examines the link that exists between individuals and their avatars in virtual worlds, in terms of identity. The outcomes of the study suggest that virtual worlds and the social and business interactions they offer are tools to build consumer identity. This exploratory research is based on a qualitative study using the chat mode to conduct 34 interviews in the Second Life virtual world. In the transition from the real to the virtual world, the individual must build another identity and operate a transfer, partial or total, from his real identity to the virtual one. The aim of the study is to offer an initial framework in order to understand this transition and its result in terms of identity positioning. Four types of identity positioning are identified: duplication, improvement, transformation and metamorphosis.
The Brand Personality Metaphor and Inter-product Stability of a Specific Barometer
Authors: Ambroise Laure , Valette-Florence Pierre
Published: March 2013

The field of research dedicated to brand personality is largely debated on a conceptual and methodological level: theoretical foundations and ontological legitimacy are frequently questioned while measurement scales are often rejected as being mere transpositions of human personality inventories. In addition, some researchers wonder about the relevance of the concept of personality beyond the product itself. In the light of these criticisms, this article aims primarily at questioning the relevance of the personality concept for marketing and discussing its foundations. To address the problem of the influence of the product category on brand personality, the authors propose an inventory specific to brand studies and test it on 14 categories of products and services. The results allow confirming the interest of the proposed scale on an operational plan, in particular thanks to the stability of its structure through the categories of products.
Brands Considered as “Nostalgic”: Consequences on Attitudes and Consumer-brand Relationships
Authors: Kessous Aurélie , Roux Elyette
Published: March 2013

The aim of this study is to test the effects of differentiation between brands that are considered as nostalgic and those that are not, according to relationship and attitude variables vis-à-vis brands. It empirically verifies, in a sample of 613 consumers, the nostalgia-attachment link and integrates new variables such as self-brand connections or word-of-mouth communication which have not previously been considered in nostalgia research. It also measures preferences and the intention to purchase and make gifts of brands that evoke nostalgia. The ANOVA results show that the relationships and attitudes of consumers vis-à-vis brands considered as nostalgic are systematically stronger than for those that are not. This article therefore contributes to the identification of the variables relevant to the implementation of a brand strategy based on nostalgia.
MYC/BCL2 protein coexpression contributes to the inferior survival of activated B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and demonstrates high-risk gene expression signatures: a report from The International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program
Authors: Hu Shimin , Xu-Monette Zijun Y. , Tzankov Alexander , Green Tina , Wu Lin , Balasubramanyam Aarthi , Liu Wei-min , Visco Carlo , Li Yong , Miranda Roberto N. , Montes-Moreno Santiago , Dybkaer Karen , Chiu April , Orazi Attilio , Zu Youli , Bhagat Govind , Richards Kristy L. , Hsi Eric D. , Choi William W. L. , Zhao Xiaoying , van Krieken J. Han , Huang Qin , Huh Jooryung , Ai Weiyun , Ponzoni Maurilio , Ferreri Andrés J. M. , Zhou Fan , Slack Graham W. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Tu Meifeng , Variakojis Daina , Chen Weina , Go Ronald S. , Piris Miguel A. , Møller Michael B. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Young Ken H.
Published: March 2013

Key Points

DLBCL patients with MYC/BCL2 coexpression demonstrate inferior prognosis and high-risk gene expression signatures.
Adult-onset asthma: is it really different?
Authors: de Nijs Selma B. , Venekamp Lisette N. , Bel Elisabeth H.
Published: March 2013

Asthma that starts in adulthood differs from childhood-onset asthma in that it is often non-atopic, more severe and associated with a faster decline in lung function.

Understanding of the underlying mechanism of adult-onset asthma and identification of specific phenotypes may further our understanding of pathophysiology and treatment response, leading to better targeting of both existing and new approaches for personalised management. Pivotal studies in past years have led to sustained progress in many areas, ranging from risk factors for development, identification of different phenotypes, and introduction of new therapies.

This review highlights and discusses literature on adult-onset asthma, with special focus on the differences from childhood-onset asthma, risk factors for development, phenotypes of adult-onset asthma and new approaches for personalised management.
Pentoxifylline and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 induce apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells through a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and phosphorylation of p65
Authors: Bravo-Cuellar Alejandro , Hernández-Flores Georgina , Lerma-Díaz José Manuel , Domínguez-Rodríguez Jorge Ramiro , Jave-Suárez Luis F , De Célis-Carrillo Ruth , Aguilar-Lemarroy Adriana , Gómez-Lomeli Paulina , Ortiz-Lazareno Pablo Cesar
Published: March 2013

Background

In Oncology, the resistance of the cancerous cells to chemotherapy continues to be the principal limitation. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor plays an important role in tumor escape and resistance to chemotherapy and this factor regulates several pathways that promote tumor survival including some antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. In this study, we investigated, in U937 human leukemia cells, the effects of PTX and the MG132 proteasome inhibitor, drugs that can disrupt the NF-κB pathway. For this, we evaluated viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, caspases-3, -8, -9, cytochrome c release, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, p65 phosphorylation, and the modification in the expression of pro- and antiapoptotic genes, and the Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL antiapoptotic proteins.

Results

The two drugs affect the viability of the leukemia cells in a time-dependent manner. The greatest percentage of apoptosis was obtained with a combination of the drugs; likewise, PTX and MG132 induce G1 phase cell cycle arrest and cleavage of caspases -3,-8, -9 and cytochrome c release and mitochondrial membrane potential loss in U937 human leukemia cells. In these cells, PTX and the MG132 proteasome inhibitor decrease p65 (NF-κB subunit) phosphorylation and the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. We also observed, with a combination of these drugs overexpression of a group of the proapoptotic genes BAX, DIABLO, and FAS while the genes BCL-XL, MCL-1, survivin, IκB, and P65 were downregulated.

Conclusions

The two drugs used induce apoptosis per se, this cytotoxicity was greater with combination of both drugs. These observations are related with the caspases -9, -3 cleavage and G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and a decrease in p65 phosphorylation and Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL proteins. As well as this combination of drugs promotes the upregulation of the proapoptotic genes and downregulation of antiapoptotic genes. These observations strongly confirm antileukemic potential.