bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Formation of Fe-Bearing Secondary Phase Minerals from the Basalt—Sediment Interface, South Pacific Gyre: IODP Expedition 329
Authors: Yang Kiho , Park Hanbeom , Baik Hionsuck , Kogure Toshihiro , Kim Jinwook
Published: March 2018

Alteration of basalt is a ubiquitous process on the vast oceanic crust surface and results in the formation of secondary-phase minerals that include clay minerals and Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides. Thus, this process is a significant consequence of water/rock interactions that could reveal the (bio)geochemical conditions of formation. Core samples at the basalt/sediment interface from a depth of 74.79 m below sea floor (mbsf) were recovered during the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expedition 329 (2010.10.10–2010.12.13) in the South Pacific Gyre (SPG). Two distinct regions of yellow- and red-colored sediment were observed. The mineralogy, elemental composition, Fe oxidation state, and mineral structure of the altered basalt samples were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF). In the yellow sediment, K-nontronite and feroxyhyte (δ’-FeO(OH)) were the dominant mineral phases, while Mg-rich smectite (saponite), chlorite, and hematite were found predominantly in the reddish sediment. The appearance of K-nontronite and feroxyhyte mineral assemblages in altered sediment indicated that oxidative conditions prevailed during basalt alteration. Variation in the Fe-oxidation states in the K-nontronite structure, however, may indicate that local reducing conditions persisted throughout the biogeochemical reactions.
The Effects of Cryotherapy on Knee Joint Position Sense and Force Production Sense in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Furmanek Mariusz P. , Słomka Kajetan J. , Sobiesiak Andrzej , Rzepko Marian , Juras Grzegorz
Published: March 2018

The proprioceptive information received from mechanoreceptors is potentially responsible for controlling the joint position and force differentiation. However, it is unknown whether cryotherapy influences this complex mechanism. Previously reported results are not universally conclusive and sometimes even contradictory. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of local cryotherapy on knee joint position sense (JPS) and force production sense (FPS). The study group consisted of 55 healthy participants (age: 21 ± 2 years, body height: 171.2 ± 9 cm, body mass: 63.3 ± 12 kg, BMI: 21.5 ± 2.6). Local cooling was achieved with the use of gel-packs cooled to -2 ± 2.5°C and applied simultaneously over the knee joint and the quadriceps femoris muscle for 20 minutes. JPS and FPS were evaluated using the Biodex System 4 Pro apparatus. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not show any statistically significant changes of the JPS and FPS under application of cryotherapy for all analyzed variables: the JPS’s absolute error (p = 0.976), its relative error (p = 0.295), and its variable error (p = 0.489); the FPS’s absolute error (p = 0.688), its relative error (p = 0.193), and its variable error (p = 0.123). The results indicate that local cooling does not affect proprioceptive acuity of the healthy knee joint. They also suggest that local limited cooling before physical activity at low velocity did not present health or injury risk in this particular study group.
Strength and Conditioning Coaches’ Application of the Session Rating of Perceived Exertion Method of Monitoring Within Professional Rugby Union
Authors: Comyns Thomas , Hannon Aoife
Published: March 2018

Session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) is a method of monitoring and managing training loads. The purpose of this study was to research how and for what purpose strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches implement this monitoring method within professional rugby union. The study also aimed to assess if S&C coaches found this monitoring method to be valid and effective. An online survey containing 24 fixed response questions was used to assess how S&C coaches applied the session-RPE method. The survey was piloted with expert researchers and practitioners in the area of session-RPE prior to distribution and alterations were made to the survey based on the experts’ feedback. Twenty S&C coaches working with professional rugby union clubs in Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales completed the survey. The coaches’ responses indicated that the majority found the session-RPE to be a valid and effective monitoring method. While some good implementation practices were identified, not all of the coaches adhered to these guidelines which may impact on the accuracy of the collected data. For example, 30% of coaches do not collect the RPE for every session that a player does per week limiting the use of the session-RPE variables cumulative training load, training monotony, training strain and acute:chronic load ratio. S&C coaches within rugby should consider using session-RPE as a method of monitoring and implement the method in a manner reflective of research findings to enhance the potential applications of this system in maximising adaptations and minimising the risk of injury.
Effect of Two Different Types of Olympic Rotation Order on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Variables in Men’s Artistic Gymnastics
Authors: Mkaouer Bessem , Jemni Monèm , Chaabene Helmi , Amara Samiha , Njah Ahmad , Chtara Mokhtar
Published: March 2018

The rotation sequence-order differs from a gymnast to another according to the draw at the time of the qualifying competitions in men’s artistic gymnastics. Only the six best gymnasts start on the floor exercises, the others could start on any of the other five apparatuses. It has been demonstrated that some gymnastics events are physiologically less taxing than others; hence some gymnasts could experience lower and/or higher levels of cardiovascular and metabolic stress compared to others, depending on the apparatus they start with. In this regard, the objective of this investigation was to compare cardiovascular and metabolic variables between two different types of Olympic rotation-order; one began with the floor exercises and the other began with the pommel horse. Six elite male gymnasts took part in this investigation. Heart rates, synchronized with real-time video acquisition, as well as capillary lactate concentration following each apparatus routine were monitored. Cardiovascular and metabolic stresses were significantly higher when gymnasts started their rotation with the pommel horse in all apparatuses except the pommel horse. The floor exercises’ score was significantly affected when gymnasts ended up their competition on this apparatus. As a conclusion, starting gymnastics’ competition on the floor exercises implicates less cardiovascular and metabolic stress associated with better performance compared with the other rotation order. As a matter of fact, best gymnasts who start on this apparatus could have a slight advantage compared with the other athletes.
Understanding Trail Runners’ Activity on Online Community Forums: An Inductive Analysis of Discussion Topics
Authors: Rochat Nadège , Hauw Denis , Gür Gaëlle , Seifert Ludovic
Published: March 2018

Recreational trail runners often participate in online community forums where they can freely read posted messages, join discussions and/or introduce new discussion topics. This tool can enhance learning as runners connect with other trail runners and reflect on how they can better organize their own practice. Studying forum activity would provide greater insight into the relationship between field practice and dedicated forums. The aim of this study was therefore to detect the topics discussed online by trail runners in order to understand how they collectively look for solutions that help them adapt to issues that emerge during actual practice. The discussion topics (n = 171) on the forum hosted by the Raidlight brand were examined using inductive content analysis, which distinguished two general dimensions. The first dimension was training and had four first-order themes (i.e., “specific trail running sessions”, “complementary trail running sessions”. “training plans” and “specific questions about races”) grouped into two second-order themes (i.e., “training session contents” and “structure and schedule”). The second dimension was health and had seven first-order themes (i.e., “tendinitis”, “muscle issues”, “foot issues”, “sprains and fractures”, “pain”, “physiology” and “substances and practitioners”) grouped into two second-order themes (i.e., “pain and injury” and “prevention”). The results indicate that the issues that trail runners discuss on forums are significant and that the successions of questions and solutions are a fruitful means for building, enriching and adjusting their activity as they cope with constraints. As a practical consequence, suggestions for improving such online platforms are made.
Physical Performance Comparison Between Under 15 Elite and Sub-Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Trecroci Athos , Milanović Zoran , Frontini Matteo , Iaia F. Marcello , Alberti Giampietro
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to compare the physical performance profile among young soccer players of different competitive levels. Two teams of elite (n = 22) and sub-elite (n = 22) soccer players at national (highly skilled) and regional (moderately skilled) level were recruited in the study. All participants were tested using a modified Illinois change of direction speed test, a T-drill with and without a ball, a countermovement jump, and a 10-m sprint. The analysis revealed significant differences in favor of elite players in sprint (d = 1.54, large) and vertical jump (d = 2.03, very large) outcomes, while no differences were observed in both modified Illinois change of direction speed (d = 0.16, trivial) and T-drill (d = 0.20, small) tests between the groups. The ability to change direction and speed with and without a ball was found not to be suitable enough to highlight the difference among youth players with moderate-to-high level of play. In conclusion, multi-testing approach based on task-related power should include vertical jump and sprint performance to delineate players of a higher level.
Influence of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Approach on Maximum Kayak Paddling Force
Authors: Davidek Pavel , Andel Ross , Kobesova Alena
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) exercise on maximum paddling force (PF) and self-reported pain perception in the shoulder girdle area in flatwater kayakers. Twenty male flatwater kayakers from a local club (age = 21.9 ± 2.4 years, body height = 185.1 ± 7.9 cm, body mass = 83.9 ± 9.1 kg) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. During the 6-week study, subjects from both groups performed standard off-season training. Additionally, the intervention group engaged in a DNS-based core stabilization exercise program (quadruped exercise, side sitting exercise, sitting exercise and squat exercise) after each standard training session. Using a kayak ergometer, the maximum PF stroke was measured four times during the six weeks. All subjects completed the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire before and after the 6-week interval to evaluate subjective pain perception in the shoulder girdle area. Initially, no significant differences in maximum PF and the DASH questionnaire were identified between the two groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that the experimental group improved significantly compared to the control group on maximum PF (p = .004; Cohen’s d = .85), but not on the DASH questionnaire score (p = .731) during the study. Integration of DNS with traditional flatwater kayak training may significantly increase maximum PF, but may not affect pain perception to the same extent.
Functional Movements in Japanese Mini-Basketball Players
Authors: Kuzuhara Kenji , Shibata Masashi , Iguchi Junta , Uchida Ryo
Published: March 2018

Functional movement screen (FMS) has been used to establish normative data and determine potential injury risk for young adults and athletes, but there are few data in elementary school-age children. The purpose of this study was to establish fundamental values for the FMS in elementary school-age mini-basketball players. Secondary purposes were to examine relationships between functional movement patterns and age, peak height velocity (PHV), and body mass index (BMI), and to compare functional movement patterns between boys and girls and between individuals with and without a history of injury. The mean composite FMS score was 16.5 ± 2.2 (16.5 ± 2.4 for boys, 16.5 ± 1.7 for girls). The composite FMS score was positively correlated with age (r = .312) and negatively correlated with the BMI (r = − .371). However, the FMS score was not correlated with PHV or with PHV age. The FMS score was not different between boys and girls or between individuals who reported a previous injury and those who did not. However, boys in the mini-basketball teams performed better than girls on the trunk stability push-up and rotary stability tests. Age and the body mass index were significantly associated with better and poorer functional movement, respectively.
Effects of Different Post-Activation Potentiation Warm-Ups on Repeated Sprint Ability in Soccer Players from Different Competitive Levels
Authors: Sanchez-Sanchez Javier , Rodriguez Alejandro , Petisco Cristina , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Martínez Cristian , Nakamura Fábio Y.
Published: March 2018

This study aimed to compare the effects of a traditional warm-up with two post-activation potentiation (PAP) warm-up strategies on the repeated sprint ability (RSA) of soccer players from national (NL) and regional (RL) competitive levels. Sixteen young players (NL, n = 8, age = 20.7 ± 1.4 y, body mass = 68.5 ± 7.0 kg, body height = 177.4 ± 5.2 cm; RL, n = 8, age = 20.8 ± 1.0 y, body mass = 68.7 ± 4.0 kg, body height = 176.6 ± 5.6 cm) were recruited to complete a traditional warm-up (CONTROL), a PAP warm-up incorporating squats with a load (~60% 1RM) that allowed a high speed (1 m/s) of movement and a high number of repetitions (PAP-1), and a PAP warm-up with a load (~90% 1RM) that allowed a moderate speed (0.5 m/s) of movement and a reduced number of repetitions (PAP-0.5). A RSA test (six 20-m sprints with 20 s of recovery) was performed 5 min after the PAP warm-up to assess the effects of the different protocols on the fastest sprint (RSAb) and the mean time of all sprints (RSAm). A meaningful improvement of RSA performance was observed with PAP-0.5, attaining a large effect on NL (RSAb, ES = -1.5; RSAm, ES = -1.3) and only a small effect on RL athletes (RSAb and RSAm, ES = -0.2). Moreover, when each RSA sprint performance was compared between NL and RL players, after PAP-0.5 greater performance for all sprints was observed in the NL players. Therefore, adding a heavy strength-based conditioning exercise during the warm-up prior to a RSA test may induce significant performance improvements in NL, but only small effects in RL players.
Modelling and Predicting Backstroke Start Performance Using Non-Linear And Linear Models
Authors: de Jesus Karla , Ayala Helon V. H. , de Jesus Kelly , Coelho Leandro dos S. , Medeiros Alexandre I.A. , Abraldes José A. , Vaz Mário A.P. , Fernandes Ricardo J. , Vilas-Boas João Paulo
Published: March 2018

Our aim was to compare non-linear and linear mathematical model responses for backstroke start performance prediction. Ten swimmers randomly completed eight 15 m backstroke starts with feet over the wedge, four with hands on the highest horizontal and four on the vertical handgrip. Swimmers were videotaped using a dual media camera set-up, with the starts being performed over an instrumented block with four force plates. Artificial neural networks were applied to predict 5 m start time using kinematic and kinetic variables and to determine the accuracy of the mean absolute percentage error. Artificial neural networks predicted start time more robustly than the linear model with respect to changing training to the validation dataset for the vertical handgrip (3.95 ± 1.67 vs. 5.92 ± 3.27%). Artificial neural networks obtained a smaller mean absolute percentage error than the linear model in the horizontal (0.43 ± 0.19 vs. 0.98 ± 0.19%) and vertical handgrip (0.45 ± 0.19 vs. 1.38 ± 0.30%) using all input data. The best artificial neural network validation revealed a smaller mean absolute error than the linear model for the horizontal (0.007 vs. 0.04 s) and vertical handgrip (0.01 vs. 0.03 s). Artificial neural networks should be used for backstroke 5 m start time prediction due to the quite small differences among the elite level performances.
Aerobic Fitness of Starter and Non-Starter Soccer Players in the Champion’s League
Authors: Paraskevas Giorgos , Hadjicharalambous Marios
Published: March 2018

To identify individual response patterns in selected aerobic fitness variables of regular starters (ST; N = 7) and non-starters (Non-ST; N = 10), top level professional soccer players were tested for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), velocity at 4 mM of lactate (V4), velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (νVO2max) and oxygen pulse (O2-pulse) in July and December following consecutive periods of fixture congestion. V4 was the only variable that increased significantly in December compared to July (15.1 ± 0.5 vs. 14.6 ± 0.5, p = 0.001). There was an almost certain beneficial large mean team change for V4 (ES = 1.2 (0.67; 1.57), 100/0/0), while beneficial mean team changes were less likely for νVO2max and O2-pulse [ES = 0.31 (-0.08; 0.70), 68/30/2 and ES = 0.24 (0.01; 0.49), 64/36/0, respectively] and unclear for VO2max (ES = 0.02 (-0.31; 0.70), 18/69/13). With the exception of V4 where 10 out of 17 players (7 ST and 3 Non-ST) showed positive changes higher than the biological variability, all other variables were characterized by a substantial proportion of changes lower than the biological variability. The present study demonstrated that aerobic fitness variables that require maximal effort may be characterized by greater variability of the individual response pattern compared to that of submaximal aerobic fitness variables irrespective of the accumulated game time. Submaximal aerobic fitness variables appear to be more informative in the physiological evaluation of top level soccer players and this may be an advantage during exposure to periods of consecutive games.
Muscle Activity in Upper-Body Single-Joint Resistance Exercises with Elastic Resistance Bands vs. Free Weights
Authors: Bergquist Ronny , Iversen Vegard Moe , Mork Paul J , Fimland Marius Steiro
Published: March 2018

Elastic resistance bands require little space, are light and portable, but their efficacy has not yet been established for several resistance exercises. The main objective of this study was to compare the muscle activation levels induced by elastic resistance bands versus conventional resistance training equipment (dumbbells) in the upper-body resistance exercises flyes and reverse flyes. The level of muscle activation was measured with surface electromyography in 29 men and women in a cross-over design where resistance loadings with elastic resistance bands and dumbbells were matched using 10-repetition maximum loadings. Elastic resistance bands induced slightly lower muscle activity in the muscles most people aim to activate during flyes and reverse flies, namely pectoralis major and deltoideus posterior, respectively. However, elastic resistance bands increased the muscle activation level substantially in perceived ancillary muscles, that is deltoideus anterior in flyes, and deltoideus medius and trapezius descendens in reverse flyes, possibly due to elastic bands being a more unstable resistance modality. Overall, the results show that elastic resistance bands can be considered a feasible alternative to dumbbells in flyes and reverse flyes.
Validation and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2
Authors: Cho Seongkwan , Choi Hunhyuk , Eklund Robert C. , Paek Insu
Published: March 2018

The main purpose of the present study was to examine the validation and reliability of the Korean version of the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS-2Kr) by evaluating its factorial invariance across gender. A total of 303 Korean collegiate athletes (198 males and 105 females) from 9 sports participated in the study, and they completed the demographic questionnaire and the SAS-2Kr containing 15 items to measure multidimensional trait anxiety and individual differences in the cognitive and somatic anxiety experienced by athletes. The results of this study indicated that the construct validity in the SAS-2Kr was well established in that the values of the standardized factor loadings, composite reliability, and average variance extracted values were above the recommended cutoff points. The multiple-sample confirmatory factor analyses showed the SAS-2Kr could be generalizable across gender in college samples. The results also indicated that the SAS-2Kr supported the original 3-factor model of SAS-2 in English consisting of somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption, and thus this study provides useful information for researchers to understand the athletes’ tendency to experience anxiety reactions in sport situations. Suggestions for future research on competitive trait anxiety are provided in the discussion section.
Humor as a developmental phenomenon: the contributions of Paul McGhee
Authors: Bergen Doris
Published: March 2018

This chapter traces the history of Paul McGhee’s theoretical views, research methods, and body of writing focused on children’s humor development. It describes the state of such research before he became involved, the decision-making process that led him to focus on this area of knowledge, his initial research paradigms and later research methodology, his extensive writings on humor development, and the theoretical ideas about children’s humor development that he proposed, drawing on Piagetian theory. It also briefly discusses his later work in broader fields of humor development. The chapter briefly describes the ways that the body of knowledge he provided and his emphasis on the importance of early humor development have been influential for many subsequent humor development researchers, including that of the author. It also recognizes the playfulness that Paul McGhee has brought to both his scholarly and advocacy work, which provides a model for future researchers in the field of children’s humor development.
Second Law Analysis of MHD Squeezing Flow of Casson Fluid Between Two Parallel Disks
Authors: Ojjela Odelu , Ramesh Kesetti , Das Samir K.
Published: March 2018

The present article deals the entropy generation due to heat and mass transfer of an unsteady MHD flow of a Casson fluid squeezed between two parallel disks. The upper disk is taken to be impermeable and the lower one is porous. The flow field equations are reduced to non-linear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations and the resulting ODE problem is solved by shooting technique with Runge-Kutta 4thorder method. The effects of various non dimensional fluid and geometric parameters on the velocity components, temperature, concentration, entropy generation number, Bejan number, skin friction and Nusselt number are illustrated through graphs and tables. It is noticed that the temperature of the fluid is enhanced with Eckert number, whereas the concentration of the fluid decreased with Casson fluid parameter. The present study is applicable to nuclear engineering cooling systems, wire and blade coating, extrusion of polymer fluids, optical fibers, magnetohydrodynamics and optimization of chemical engineering processes.
Experimental Study on Thermal and UV-enhanced Gas-Solid Chlorination of High-Density Polyethylene
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Yang Qianli , Mao Ding , Cheng Yi
Published: March 2018

The dynamic process of gas-solid chlorination of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was revealed using a vibrated-bed reactor, where a UV-Vis measurement system was used to record the kinetics of chlorination online. Thermal and UV-enhanced chlorination at fixed temperature below the melting point (Tm) of HDPE were firstly investigated. It was observed that UV irradiation could accelerate the reaction rate. However, all of the prepared chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) products had unchlorinated crystal structures and a limitation of chlorine content. Multi-stage chlorination was hence designed for more homogeneous chlorination and decreasing the residual crystallinity. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed effective decrease of the melting enthalpy (ΔHm) while the final reaction temperature was beyond Tm. Meanwhile, the presence of -CH = CH- bonds in the polymer chain revealed by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (S-NMR) indicated that the final reaction temperature should not be higher than 150 °C.
Using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) strategy tool to support the Play4Guidance online entrepreneurial game
Authors: Crotty Yvonne , Kinney Tom , Farren Margaret
Published: March 2018

The Erasmus + Play4Guidance (P4G) project introduces an online business game, designed to help teach entrepreneurial, transversal and mathematical skills using a real-world business environment. This paper explains how the Business Model Canvas (BMC) strategy tool facilitated student understanding of real life business development prior to playing the game. An initial mapping exercise was conducted to find out if the Business Model Canvas could transform the experience of playing the game by providing an overview of real life business strategy, and explain the crucial role that markets and customers play in business growth. As a result of the mapping exercise a workshop session was developed to ensure that students could enact the real life business scenarios presented in the game. Three different types of videos were produced and integrated into the workshop to demonstrate key entrepreneurial competencies and graphically illustrate the nine key building blocks of the BMC. Survey responses from a student cohort evidenced that the workshop was central in helping them to understand real life business strategy prior to playing the game.
Object orientation in the literature and in education
Authors: Berges Marc
Published: March 2018

The efforts around the world – CS4All in the U.S. or Computing At School in Great Britain – show that computing literacy is seen as important. One important part of computer science education deals with learning programming. So, object orientation should be in focus. But what is object orientation? Several different definitions are presented, and a definition of object orientation by its fundamental concepts is introduced. Furthermore, several educational “paradigms” are discussed. Additionally, a choice of object-oriented programming languages is presented. After all that theoretical background, some exemplary implementations of object orientation in national (German) and international curricula are shown. All in all, the article provides a broad overview of the topic of object-oriented programming in computer science education.
Computing in the classroom: Tales from the chalkface
Authors: Sentance Sue , Waite Jane
Published: March 2018

Computing, a broad discipline including computer science, information technology and digital literacy, was introduced as a mandatory national curriculum subject in England in 2014. This meant the introduction of both computer programing and more academic computer science into the curriculum. Such a significant curriculum change involves a period of transition, lasting several years. Here we consider what we have learned about the implementation of the new curriculum, the external influences that have come to bear on teachers’ and pupils’ experiences, and the challenges that are faced.
Empowering learners with tools in CS education: Physical computing in secondary schools
Authors: Przybylla Mareen , Romeike Ralf
Published: March 2018

In computer science, computer systems are both, objects of investigation and tools that enable creative learning and design. Tools for learning have a long tradition in computer science education. Already in the late 1960s, Papert developed a concept which had an immense impact on the development of informal education in the following years: his theory of constructionism understands learning as a creative process of knowledge construction that is most effective when learners create something purposeful that they can try out, show around, discuss, analyse and receive praise for. By now, there are numerous learning and programming environments that are based on the constructionist ideas. Modern tools offer opportunities for students to learn in motivating ways and gain impressive results in programming games, animations, implementing 3D models or developing interactive objects. This article gives an overview of computer science education research related to tools and media to be used in educational settings. We analyse different types of tools with a special focus on the categorization and development of tools for student adequate physical computing activities in the classroom. Research around the development and evaluation of tools and learning resources in the domain of physical computing is illustrated with the example of “My Interactive Garden”, a constructionist learning and programming environment. It is explained how the results from empirical studies are integrated in the continuous development of the learning material.
Interacting with personal fabrication devices
Authors: Mueller Stefanie
Published: March 2018

Personal fabrication tools, such as 3D printers, are on the way of enabling a future in which non-technical users will be able to create custom objects. While the hardware is now affordable and the number of people who own a 3D printer is increasing, only few create new 3D models. Most users download models from a 3D model database and after downloading fabricate them on their 3D printers. At most, users adjust a few parameters of the model, such as changing its color or browsing between predetermined shape options.

I argue that personal fabrication has the potential for more: Instead of only consuming existing content, I envision a future in which non-technical users will create objects only trained experts can create today. While there are many open challenges for human-computer interaction, such as abstracting away the necessarydomainandmachineknowledge, I focus on improving theinteraction modelunderlying current personal fabrication devices.

In this article, I illustrate why today’s interaction model for personal fabrication tools is not suitable for non-technical users. For this, I draw an analogy to the development of the user interface in personal computing and show how solutions developed by human-computer interaction researchers over the last decades can be applied to this new domain. I analyze the challenges when creating interactive systems for personal fabrication and describe six research prototypes I built to overcome these challenges. I discuss the limitations of these systems and conclude with an overview of recent advancements in personal fabrication that will allow us to go beyond what is possible today.
MY English: a social constructivist perspective on ELF
Authors: Kohn Kurt
Published: March 2018

In this article, I address issues, concepts and empirical insights that have profoundly shaped my view of English as a lingua franca (ELF) and of the pedagogical lessons to be learned for English Language Teaching (ELT). Starting from discrepancies in my ELF identity as a speaker of English with ELT roots in a German secondary school, I argue for the social constructivist concept of MY English as a basis for understanding ELF competence development and the tensions surrounding the relationship between ELT and ELF. Continually shaped by speakers’ participation in ELF communication, relevant dimensions of their MY English profiles include linguistic-communicative-communal repertoires and requirements of performance, individual and social identity orientations, and confidence in their ELF creativity. Against this backdrop, I discuss topics I consider relevant for a much-needed pedagogical reconciliation of ELT with ELF. Special attention is given to teachers’ ELF apprehension and the distinction between a “strict” (quasi-behaviouristic) and an “open” (social constructivist) target language orientation, speaker satisfaction as a criterion of success in ELF communication, and teaching towards ELF competence from awareness raising to comprehension, production and interaction to non-native speaker emancipation. Successful ELF implementation in both ELT practice and ELT teacher education requires extensive and authentic involvement of students and teachers in ELF communication. Intercultural telecollaboration provides innovative means for creating a space for ELF communication in the ELT classroom. Pedagogical case studies about video and text chat conversations strongly support the assumption that using their common target language as a lingua franca significantly enableslearnersof English to develop an emancipated non-native speaker identity and thus to becomespeakersof English in their own right. And what is more, the pedagogical lingua franca approach can be successfully transferred to other foreign target languages as well. I conclude my article with a brief contextualization of the MY English concept in relation to translingual practice and ELF languaging.
ELF as multilingual “edulect” in a bilingual university
Authors: Schaller-Schwaner Iris
Published: March 2018

The role of English at European universities outside English-speaking countries has recently been so dynamic and complex as to merit elaborate acronyms and frameworks of comparison to capture the actual diversity involved in each case of using English, for example in what Dafouz and Smit (Dafouz, Emma and Ute Smit. 2014. Towards a dynamic conceptual framework for English-medium education in multilingual university settings.Applied Linguistics37[3]: 397–415) subsume under English-medium education in the international university. This contribution, however, looks at ELFFRA, English as a lingua franca in academic settings at the bi- and multilingual University of Fribourg, Switzerland. When English first became officially acknowledged as an additional academic language in 2005, being preceded by a period of “unruly” emergence, it was often the marked case, even in and for its local disciplinary speech events. Its current use at UFR as the default in some English-medium study programmes is by no means uniform or monolingual either. Meanwhile in the promotion of bilingualism in French and German, English is mostly “included” – reminiscent of the semiotics of the 2005 nonce coinage of “bi(tri)lingualism.” This contribution will revisit ideas about the “edulect” role of ELFFRA (Schaller-Schwaner, Iris. 2017.The many faces of English at Switzerland’s Bilingual University: English as an academic lingua franca at the institutionally bilingual University of Freiburg/Fribourg – a contextual analysis of its agentive use. Vienna: University of Vienna doctoral thesis) but look for it in unusual and under-researched places where it is indeed “included” viz. in beginners’ university language courses teaching the local languages French and German. First explorations will be shared and discussed with a view to what this might mean for ELF(A) and edulect.
Simulation Experiment Description Markup Language (SED-ML) Level 1 Version 3 (L1V3)
Authors: Bergmann Frank T. , Cooper Jonathan , König Matthias , Moraru Ion , Nickerson David , Le Novère Nicolas , Olivier Brett G. , Sahle Sven , Smith Lucian , Waltemath Dagmar
Published: March 2018

The creation of computational simulation experiments to inform modern biological research poses challenges to reproduce, annotate, archive, and share such experiments. Efforts such as SBML or CellML standardize the formal representation of computational models in various areas of biology. The Simulation Experiment Description Markup Language (SED-ML) describes what procedures the models are subjected to, and the details of those procedures. These standards, together with further COMBINE standards, describe models sufficiently well for the reproduction of simulation studies among users and software tools. The Simulation Experiment Description Markup Language (SED-ML) is an XML-based format that encodes, for a given simulation experiment, (i) which models to use; (ii) which modifications to apply to models before simulation; (iii) which simulation procedures to run on each model; (iv) how to post-process the data; and (v) how these results should be plotted and reported. SED-ML Level 1 Version 1 (L1V1) implemented support for the encoding of basic time course simulations. SED-ML L1V2 added support for more complex types of simulations, specifically repeated tasks and chained simulation procedures. SED-ML L1V3 extends L1V2 by means to describe which datasets and subsets thereof to use within a simulation experiment.
A survey of experimental evidence for diachronic change
Authors: Sanker Chelsea
Published: March 2018

There are synchronic sources of data that can provide an additional line of evidence which may be useful in reconstructing sound changes: patterns of sound change in progress and experimentally induced changes, variation in production, natural errors in production and perception, experimentally elicited errors in perception and production, and experiments and simulations of iterated learning. This article surveys existing studies that have made use of such evidence in support of sound changes and reviews limitations of experimental methods and factors to consider when designing experiments to use these parallels to inform sound change. To demonstrate the parallels between patterns in synchronic data and sound changes, a sample typology of diachronic developments was compared with patterns of categorical errors from experimentally elicited misperception in adverse listening conditions and errors of perception and production in natural speech. All of these correlations are highly significant, demonstrating the potential of such synchronic data as a source of parallels to provide evidence for reconstructed sound changes.
Synthesis and crystal structure of [azido-bis(cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)copper(II)] chloride trihydrate
Authors: Nawaz Sidra , Monim-ul-Mehboob Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Hussain Irshad , Habib-ur-Rehman  , Hussain Syed Zajif , Ahmad Saeed
Published: March 2018

A new copper(II) complex containing cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (Dach) and azide as ligands, [Cu(Dach)2(N3)]Cl · 3H2O (1), was prepared and characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray crystallography. The structure of 1 consists of a complex cation, [Cu(Dach)2(N3)]+, a chloride counter-ion and three water molecules. The coordination environment of the copper(II) atom in 1 is distorted square pyramidal attained by four nitrogen atoms of cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane molecules and an azide ion. Thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analyses validated the molecular formula of complex 1.
Green synthesis of α-aminophosphonates using ZnO nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst
Authors: Ezzatzadeh Elham
Published: March 2018

Synthesis of α-aminophosphonate derivatives via the Kabachnik–Fields reaction is described using 1-(6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuran-yl)-1-ethanone, extracted from rhizomes of Petasites hybridus, primary amines and trialkyl phosphites in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles in water at room temperature. This procedure has advantages such as using natural products as precursors, employing water as a green solvent, good yields and easy separation of products.
Synthesis, crystal structure, luminescence and electrochemical properties of a Salamo-type trinuclear cobalt(II) complex
Authors: Ren Zong-Li , Hao Jing , Hao Ping , Dong Xiu-Yan , Bai Yang , Dong Wen-Kui
Published: March 2018

A trinuclear Co(II) complex, [{CoL(C4H9OH)}2-(OAc)2Co]·C3H7NO, was synthesized by the reaction of a Salamo-type chelating ligand (H2L=4,42′-dinitro-2,2′-[1,2-ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol) with cobalt(II) acetate tetrahydrate inn-butanol, and characterized by elemental analyses, X-ray crystallography, FT-IR and UV/Vis spectra. In the Co(II) complex, there are two ligand L2−units, twoμ2-acetate ions, two coordinatedn-butanol molecules and one non-coordinatedN,N-dimethylformamide molecule. The Co(II) atoms in the structure of the Co(II) complex adopt slightly distorted octahedra geometries. Furthermore, through intermolecular C–H···O, O–H···O and C–H···π interactions, infinite layer-like, plane-like and 3D supramolecular structures are constructed. The fluorescence and electrochemical properties of the Co(II) complex have also been investigated.
A heterotrimetallic Ni(II)–Dy(III) bis(salamo)-based complex: synthesis, structure and fluorescent property
Authors: Zhao Qing , Pan Ying-Qi , Li Xiao-Yan , Zhang Han , Dong Wen-Kui
Published: March 2018

A discrete heterotrinuclear complex [{Ni2LDy(OAc)3(CH3OH)}2] · 2CH3OH · 3CH2Cl2, with a naphthalenediol-based acyclic bis(salamo) ligand H4L, has been synthesized and structurally characterized using elemental analyses, IR, UV/Vis and fluorescence spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure shows two crystallographically independent but chemically identical molecules (moleculesIandII). All the Ni(II) atoms are hexa-coordinated with slightly distorted octahedral geometries. The central Dy atoms are nona-coordinated with slightly distorted tricapped trigonal prism geometries. An infinite 3D supramolecular structure is formed via intermolecular hydrogen bonding and C–H…π interactions.
Lanthanide(III) complex metal-organic frameworks with a phenanthroline-carboxylate derivate and 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate coligand: hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and high thermostability
Authors: Xu Zhao , An Fengqin , Ma Xiaohui , Zhou Huiliang , Song Weiming , Liu Xiangyu
Published: March 2018

Based on 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline (HNCP) and 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate (TDC2−) ligands, three new lanthanide-containing (Sm, Nd, and Pr) compounds, [Sm(NCP)(TDC)]
n
(1), [Nd(NCP)(TDC)]
n
·2n(H2O)0.5 (2), and [Pr(NCP)(TDC)]
n
·n(H2O)0.5 (3), have been synthesized using the hydrothermal method and structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural analyses have revealed that compounds 1–3 are 3D isostructural metal-organic frameworks in which the [Ln2(COO)4] dimers can be regarded as 6-connecting nodes, and the TDC2− and NCP− ligands are simplified as connectors to achieve the double interspersed 3D networks with the point symbol {412·63}. Thermogravimetric analysis has illustrated that the rigid architecture contributes to superior thermal stability with a thermal decomposition temperature of more than 400°C for the resulting metal-organic frameworks.
New cholic acid analogs: synthesis and 17β-hydroxydehydrogenase (17β-HSD) inhibition activity
Authors: Al-Masoudi Najim A. , Sami Abbas , Abdul-Rida Nabeel A. , Fortscher Martin
Published: March 2018

The 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) enzyme family is involved in the biosynthesis of active steroids and its inhibition constitutes an interesting approach for treating estrogen-, androgen-dependent cancers and osteoporosis. In this study, a new series of cholic acid analogs was designed with the goal of improving the biological activity as 17β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD2 inhibitors. To this end, 23-cholyl amides 4–7, 3-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-23-cholyl amides 10–12, 23-cholyl-carbohydrazide 14, carbothioamide analog 15, and 23-cholyl-acylhydrazone derivatives 18–22 were synthesized from cholic acid (3) via coupling, sulfonation and substitution reactions. Basic treatment of keto group of 5 with p-bromoaniline afforded 8, meanwhile acidic treatment of 3 with thiosemicarbazide furnished the 23-cholyl-thiadiazole derivative 16. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibition activity against 17β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD2, and were found inactive at 1.0 μm concentration (inhibition <10%). However, the steroids 12, 21 and 22 showed inhibition of 21.1, 23.9 and 21.3%, respectively, against 17β-HSD2 at the same concentration. Therefore, these steroidal analogs can be further structurally modified to optimize their inhibition activity against 17β-HSD2 for the development of potential therapeutics.
PFGE: a tool for examination of heterogeneity between the bacterial spot-causing xanthomonads of tomato plants in Bulgaria
Authors: Kizheva Yoana , Urshev Zoltan , Rasheva Iliana , Vancheva Taca , Hristova Petya , Bogatzevska Nevena , Moncheva Penka
Published: March 2018

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a highly discriminative molecular typing method that is used for epidemiological studies and investigation of outbreaks caused by different pathogens, including phytopathogenic Xanthomonas species. Bacterial spot (BS) is the most common and one of the most destructive diseases of tomato and pepper plants in Bulgaria. Several Xanthomonas species are known to cause BS, but the global distribution and genetic diversity of these species are not well understood. A collection of 100 BS-causing strains, isolated during the period of 1985–2012 from different tomato cultivars and weeds associated with tomato production areas from 11 geographic regions in Bulgaria, were screened for genetic diversity by genomic DNA restriction with rare-cutting endonucleases (XbaI and SpeI) subsequently resolved by PFGE. Two haplotypes for Xanthomonas vesicatoria and one haplotype for Xanthomonas gardneri strains were found.
Effects of two lichen acids isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in cultured human lymphocytes
Authors: Emsen Bugrahan , Togar Basak , Turkez Hasan , Aslan Ali
Published: March 2018

The present study aims at assessing the efficacies of olivetoric acid (OA) and physodic acid (PA) isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) in human lymphocytes (HLs) in vitro. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed to establish cytotoxicity in HLs. Besides, oxidative stress and genotoxicity were monitored by estimating the changes of total oxidative stress (TOS) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels, respectively, in HLs. At the same time, OA- and PA-induced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in HLs were determined. Although especially low concentrations of OA (IC50=109.94 mg/L) and PA (IC50=665.49 mg/L) did not show cytotoxic effect at high levels in HLs, it was revealed that cytotoxicity was significantly (p<0.05) associated with oxidative stress and genotoxicity via correlation analysis. While TOS level in HLs did not statistically (p>0.05) increase in the presence of all treatments (0.5–100 mg/L) of PA, TAC level was increased by PA applications in certain concentrations (0.5–10 mg/L). Overall, the obtained data indicate that OA and especially PA as lichen compounds that do not cause oxidative stress can be a new resource of therapeutics as recognized in the present study with their high antioxidant features.