bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la práctica constructiva a los textos de cantería: los pasos abovedados en la cabecera de la catedral de Granada
Authors: Salcedo Galera Macarena , Calvo López José
Published: March 2018

Los estudios sobre la catedral de Granada destacan con frecuencia la diáfana apertura del presbiterio a la girola mediante siete pasos abovedados. Desde el punto de vista constructivo, estos elementos presentan rasgos de interés, como el abocinamiento, el contraste entre la testa plana que da a la girola y la embocadura cóncava que mira a la capilla mayor, así como la asimetría de las piezas extremas de la serie, motivada por la compleja articulación entre naves, girola y capilla mayor. Además, estas bóvedas están entre las primeras piezas ejecutadas en España mediante la técnica de construcción “por cruceros” basada en una red de nervios sobre la que apoya una plementería. El presente trabajo presenta un levantamiento detallado de estas bóvedas, un análisis de sus características geométricas y estereotómicas, y un comentario sobre los ecos difusos de estas piezas en la literatura posterior.
Fernando Higueras y Félix Candela en un retorno a la geometría de paraguas invertidos. Análisis y reconstitución gráfica del aeropuerto de Murcia, 1983
Authors: Del Blanco García Federico Luis , García Ríos Ismael
Published: March 2018

El artículo que se expone a continuación es parte del resultado de un trabajo de investigación realizado en la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. A lo largo de este artículo se analiza el proyecto para el aeropuerto de Murcia realizado por Fernando Higueras bajo el asesoramiento de Félix Candela en el año 1982.

En él se incluyen la documentación original inédita del proyecto, conservada en los depósitos del Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid y de Cataluña, así como planos e infografías realizados por los autores del artículo para la reconstitución gráfica y posteriores estudio y análisis del aeropuerto.

La geometría del proyecto se genera mediante superficies parabólico hiperbólicas, emulando la estructura de paraguas invertido que Candela desarrolló en la década de los años 50. De haberse llegado a construir, hubiera supuesto la mayor estructura de este tipo jamás realizada por Félix Candela; contaba con voladizos de 12 metros apoyados en un único pilar.
Effect of Reinforced Audit and Feedback Intervention on Physician Behaviour: A Multifaceted Strategy for Targeting Medical Record Documentation
Authors: Meidani Z , Farzandipour M , Davoodabadi A , Farrokhian A , Kheirkhah D , Sharifi M , Khanghahi ME
Published: March 2018

We investigated the effects of reinforced audit and feedback on the medical record documentation (MRD) of 35 surgical residents at a tertiary university hospital. In three phases (pre intervention, 3 and 9-month post intervention), 525 medical records were assessed. An educational guideline assisting residents to record more accurate MRD was developed. The MRD rate in the pre-intervention and immediate post-intervention phases had changed significantly. The MRD rate in the pre-intervention and 9 months after cessation of intervention was not statistically significant. Reinforced audit and feedback had only a short term effect on MRD. To achieve long lasting change, we suggest residents’ MRD behaviour must be integrated in their periodic clinical performance evaluation and reinforced through positive feedback including incentive mechanisms.
Patients and Consumers
Authors: Downie R
Published: March 2018

Successive governments of the UK have strongly supported two policies: an NHS free at the point of delivery, and the encouragement of consumer choice. It was natural for governments to think that amalgamating the policies would increase patient satisfaction, improve efficiency and save money. There are many reasons why this has not been well-received by patients and doctors and has not saved money, but the underlying problem is that there is a conceptual misfit between healthcare as public policy and as individual responsibility.

Patients in the NHS cannot become consumers and doctors cannot become suppliers of goods and services.
Communicating with a Human Voice: Developing a Relational Model of Empathy
Authors: Jeffrey D
Published: March 2018

The medical profession has adopted a cognitive model of empathy, or detached concern, in its professionalism and practice. As a consequence there is now an empathy gap which has been demonstrated by lapses in patient care in the UK. There may also be an empathy gap developing in medical students during their training. This paper argues for the adoption of a relational view of empathy which embraces emotional and moral dimensions of the concept, acknowledges the importance of the clinical context and prioritises the relationship between the doctor and patient. A relational model extends to encompass the patient's family and all members of the healthcare team. By exploring the process of empathising in clinical practice I develop a relational model that is more appropriate for modern patterns of patient care and medical education than detached concern. Adoption of a relational model of empathy in training and practice can help bridge the empathy gap.
Mri Brain White Matter Change: Spectrum of Change – how Can We Grade?
Authors: Forbes K
Published: March 2018

Magnetic resonance imaging has become a widely used clinical tool for the assessment of neurologic symptoms, as well as being increasingly used in neuroscience research. White matter hyperintensities are common findings on brain imaging and their discovery leads to questions about best management, especially when findings are incidental or not considered relevant to the patient's presentation. This review will discuss the varied causes of white matter hyperintensities, consider how best to distinguish between them radiologically, and when they might have potential clinical relevance.
Sanatoria Revisited: Sunlight and Health
Authors: Greenhalgh I , Butler AR
Published: March 2018

Since the 18th century tuberculosis has been a major cause of death throughout the world. It is a highly infectious disease that spreads by droplet infection and finding effective treatment to combat tuberculosis took a great deal of time. One of the first treatments to have some real success was a stay in a sanatorium. Sanatoria were homes that provided patients with good food and fresh air (and therefore sunlight). The first sanatorium to use sunlight therapy (heliotherapy) seriously was founded in Leysin, Switzerland, by Auguste Rollier. Patients built up their sun exposure gradually to prevent sunburn or skin damage. We suggest that heliotherapy was more successful in treating tuberculosis than was appreciated once chemotherapy became available. The birth of heliotherapy coincided with an increased appreciation of the association of sunlight and health among the general public. The secret of its success is the combined effects of sunlight on the skin inducing the production of nitric oxide and vitamin D. Nitric oxide is not only a messenger in the cardiovascular system and responsible for relaxation of vascular muscle but is also involved in the innate immune system. Vitamin D is responsible for immune system functions and multiple studies have found an association between tuberculosis immunity and high vitamin D levels. Therefore, it is understandable that providing tuberculosis patients with sunlight may have boosted their immune system and aided them in the fight against tuberculosis. In view of the high level of resistance to all drug regimens in some patients, perhaps it is time to revive the use of sanatoria in the fight against tuberculosis.
Comparison of Children With and Without ADHD on a New Pictorial Self-Assessment of Executive Functions
Authors: Bar-Ilan Ruthie Traub , Cohen Noa , Maeir Adina
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE. We examined the Pictorial Interview of Children’s Metacognition and Executive Functions’ (PIC–ME’s) reliability and validity, targeting children’s appraisal of their executive function (EF) in daily life.

METHOD. One hundred children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 44 typically developing children (ages 5–10 yr) completed the PIC–ME. Parents completed the PIC–ME and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF).

RESULTS. Cronbach’s α for the child PIC–ME was .914. A high correlation was found between the parent PIC–ME total and the BRIEF (r = .724). Comparisons between groups revealed significant differences on the parent PIC–ME (p < .0001) but none on the child PIC–ME. Children with ADHD identified a median of eight EF challenges they wanted to set as treatment goals.

CONCLUSION. Results support the PIC–ME’s initial reliability and validity among children with ADHD. Children were able to identify several EF challenges and engage in goal setting.
Diurnal variation in middle-atmospheric ozone observed by ground-based microwave radiometry at Ny-Ålesund over 1 year
Authors: Schranz Franziska , Fernandez Susana , Kämpfer Niklaus , Palm Mathias
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We present an analysis of the diurnal ozone cycle from 1 year of continuous ozone measurements from two ground-based microwave radiometers in the Arctic. The instruments GROMOS-C and OZORAM are located at the AWIPEV research base at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (79° N, 12° E), and gathered a comprehensive time series of middle-atmospheric ozone profiles with a high time resolution. An intercomparison was performed with EOS MLS and ozone sonde measurements and simulations with SD-WACCM. The measured data sets were used to study the photochemically induced diurnal cycle of ozone in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Throughout the year the insolation in the Arctic changes drastically from polar night to polar day. Accordingly, the seasonal variations in the diurnal ozone cycle are large. In the stratosphere we found a diurnal cycle throughout the entire period of polar day with the largest amplitude in April. In the mesosphere a diurnal cycle was detected in spring and fall. SD-WACCM has been proven to capture the diurnal cycle well and was therefore used to analyse the chemical reaction rates of ozone production and loss at equinox and summer solstice. Furthermore GROMOS-C proved capable of measuring the tertiary ozone layer above Ny-Ålesund in winter.
The diurnal cycle of cloud profiles over land and ocean between 51° S and 51° N, seen by the CATS spaceborne lidar from the International Space Station
Authors: Noel Vincent , Chepfer Hélène , Chiriaco Marjolaine , Yorks John
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We take advantage of 15 months of measurements from the Cloud and Aerosol Transport System (CATS) lidar on the non-sun-synchronous International Space Station (ISS) to document, for the first time, the diurnal cycle of detailed vertical profiles of Cloud Fraction between 51° S and 51° N. After processing CATS lidar data, we analyzed the diurnal cycles of the cloud profiles over ocean and over continent in two different seasons. Over the Tropical ocean in summer, the high clouds geometric thickness increases significantly from 1 km near 5 PM to 5 km near 10 PM, resulting in a high clouds maximum at nighttime. Over the summer tropical continents, CATS observations reveal the presence of a mid-level cloud layer (4–8 km ASL) persisting all-day long, with a weak diurnal cycle (minimum at noon). Over the Southern Ocean, diurnal cycles appear for the omnipresent low-level clouds (minimum between noon and 3 PM) and for the high-altitude clouds (minimum between 8 AM and 2 PM). Both cycles are time-shifted, with high-altitude clouds following the changes in low-altitude clouds by several hours. Over all continents at all latitudes during summer, the low-level clouds develop vertically and reach a maximum occurrence at about 2.5 km ASL in the early afternoon (around 2 pm). Our work also show that 1) the diurnal cycles of vertical profiles derived from CATS are consistent with those from ground-based active sensors at local scale, 2) the cloud profiles derived from CATS measurements at local times of 0130 AM and 0130 PM are consistent with those observed from CALIPSO at similar times, 3) the diurnal cycles of low and high cloud amounts derived from CATS are in general in phase with those derived from geostationary imagery but less pronounced. Finally, the diurnal variability of cloud profiles revealed by CATS strongly suggests that CALIPSO measurements at 0130 AM and PM document the daily extremes of the cloud fraction profiles over ocean and are more representative of daily averages over land, except at altitudes above 10 km where they capture part of the diurnal variability. These findings are equally applicable to other instruments with local overpass times similar to CALIPSO's, like all the other A-Train instruments and the future Earth-CARE mission.
The size-composition distribution of atmospheric nanoparticles over Europe
Authors: Patoulias David , Fountoukis Christos , Riipinen Ilona , Asmi Ari , Kulmala Markku , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. PMCAMx-UF, a three-dimensional chemical transport model focusing on the simulation of the ultrafine particle size distribution and composition has been extended with the addition of the volatility basis set (VBS) approach for the simulation of organic aerosol (OA). The model was applied in Europe to quantify the effect of secondary semi-volatile organic vapors on particle number concentrations. The model predictions were evaluated against field observations collected during the PEGASOS-2012 campaign. The measurements included both ground and airborne measurements, from stations across Europe and a Zeppelin measuring above Po-Valley. The ground level concentrations of particles larger than 100 nm (N100) were reproduced with a daily normalized mean error of 40 % and a daily normalized mean bias of −20 %. PMCAMx-UF tended to overestimate the concentration of particles larger than 10 nm (N10) with a daily normalized mean bias of 75 %. The model performed quite well compared to the Zeppelin measurements, reproducing more than 85 % of N10 and 75 % of the N100 data, within a factor of 2. The condensation of organics led to an increase (50–120 %) of the N100 concentration mainly in central and northern Europe, while the N10 concentration decreased by 10–30 %. Including the VBS in the PMCAMx-UF improved its ability to simulate aerosol number concentration compared to simulations neglecting organic condensation on ultrafine particles.
Vertical profile of tropospheric ozone derived from synergetic retrieval using three different wavelength ranges, UV, IR, and microwave: sensitivity study for satellite observation
Authors: Sato Tomohiro O. , Sato Takao M. , Sagawa Hideo , Noguchi Katsuyuki , Saitoh Naoko , Irie Hitoshi , Kita Kazuyuki , Mahani Mona E. , Zettsu Koji , Imasu Ryoichi , Hayashida Sachiko , Kasai Yasuko
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We performed a feasibility study of constraining the vertical profile of the tropospheric ozone by using a synergetic retrieval method on multiple spectra, i.e., ultraviolet (UV), thermal infrared (TIR), and microwave (MW) ranges, measured from space. This work provides, for the first time, a quantitative evaluation of the retrieval sensitivity of the tropospheric ozone by adding the MW measurement to the UV and TIR measurements. Two observation points in East Asia (one in an urban area and one in an ocean area) and two observation times (one during summer and one during winter) were assumed. Geometry of line of sight was nadir down-looking for the UV and TIR measurements, and limb sounding for the MW measurement. The retrieval sensitivities of the ozone profiles in the upper troposphere (UT), middle troposphere (MT), and lowermost troposphere (LMT) were estimated using the degree of freedom for signal (DFS), the pressure of maximum sensitivity, reduction rate of error from the a priori error, and the averaging kernel matrix, derived based on the optimal estimation method. The measurement noise levels were assumed to be the same as those for currently available instruments. The weighting functions for the UV, TIR, and MW ranges were calculated using the SCIATRAN radiative transfer model, the Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM), and the Advanced Model for Atmospheric Terahertz Radiation Analysis and Simulation (AMATERASU), respectively. The DFS value was increased by approximately 96, 23, and 30 % by adding the MW measurements to the combination of UV and TIR measurements in the UT, MT, and LMT regions, respectively. The MW measurement increased the DFS value of the LMT ozone; nevertheless, the MW measurement alone has no sensitivity to the LMT ozone. The pressure of maximum sensitivity value for the LMT ozone was also increased by adding the MW measurement. These findings indicate that better information on LMT ozone can be obtained by adding constraints on the UT and MT ozone from the MW measurement. The results of this study are applicable to the upcoming air-quality monitoring missions, APOLLO, GMAP-Asia, and uvSCOPE.
High-resolution humidity profiles retrieved from wind profiler radar measurements
Authors: Saïd Frédérique , Campistron Bernard , Di Girolamo Paolo
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The retrieval of humidity profiles from wind profiler radars has already been
documented in the past 30 years and is known to be neither as straightforward
and nor as robust as the retrieval of the wind velocity. The main constraint
to retrieve the humidity profile is the necessity to combine measurements
from the wind profiler and additional measurements (such as observations from
radiosoundings at a coarser time resolution). Furthermore, the method relies
on some assumptions and simplifications that restrict the scope of its
application. The first objective of this paper is to identify the obstacles
and limitations and solve them, or at least define the field of
applicability. To improve the method, we propose using the radar capacity to
detect transition levels, such as the top level of the boundary layer, marked
by a maximum in the radar reflectivity. This forces the humidity profile from
the free troposphere and from the boundary layer to coincide at this level,
after an optimization of the calibration coefficients, and reduces the error.
The resulting mean bias affecting the specific humidity profile never exceeds
0.25 g kg−1. The second objective is to explore the capability of the
algorithm to retrieve the humidity vertical profiles for an operational
purpose by comparing the results with observations from a Raman lidar.
A weighted least squares approach to retrieve aerosol layer height over bright surfaces applied to GOME-2 measurements of the oxygen A band for forest fire cases over Europe
Authors: Nanda Swadhin , Veefkind J. Pepijn , de Graaf Martin , Sneep Maarten , Stammes Piet , de Haan Johan F. , Sanders Abram F. J. , Apituley Arnoud , Tuinder Olaf , Levelt Pieternel F.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. This paper presents a weighted least squares approach to retrieve aerosol layer height from top-of-atmosphere reflectance measurements in the oxygen A band (758 nm–770 nm) over bright surfaces. A property of the measurement error covariance matrix is discussed, due to which photons traveling from the surface are given a higher preference over photons that scatter back from the aerosol layer. This is a potential source of biases in the estimation of aerosol properties over land, which can be mitigated by revisiting the design of the measurement error covariance matrix. The alternative proposed in this paper, which we call the dynamic scaling method, introduces a scene-dependent and wavelength-dependent modification in the measurement signal-to-noise ratio in order to influence this matrix. This method is generally applicable to other retrieval algorithms using weighted least squares. To test this method, synthetic experiments are done in addition to application to GOME-2A and GOME-2B measurements of the oxygen A band over the August 2010 Russian wildfires, and the October 2017 Portugal wildfire plume over Western Europe.
Soil properties determine the elevational patterns of base cations and micronutrients in the plant–soil system up to the upper limits of trees and shrubs
Authors: Wang Ruzhen , Wang Xue , Jiang Yong , Cerdà Artemi , Yin Jinfei , Liu Heyong , Feng Xue , Shi Zhan , Dijkstra Feike A. , Li Mai-He
Published: March 2018

Abstract. To understand whether base cations and micronutrients in the plant–soil system change with elevation, we investigated the patterns of base cations and micronutrients in both soils and plant tissues along three elevational gradients in three climate zones in China. Base cations (Ca, Mg, and K) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, and Zn) were determined in soils, trees, and shrubs growing at lower and middle elevations as well as at their upper limits on Balang (subtropical, SW China), Qilian (dry temperate, NW China), and Changbai (wet temperate, NE China) mountains. No consistent elevational patterns were found for base cation and micronutrient concentrations in both soils and plant tissues (leaves, roots, shoots, and stem sapwood). Soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil nitrogen (TN), the SOC to TN ratio (C : N), and soil extractable nitrogen (NO3− and NH4+) determined the elevational patterns of soil exchangeable Ca and Mg and available Fe, Mn, and Zn. However, the controlling role of soil pH and SOC was not universal as revealed by their weak correlations with soil base cations under tree canopies at the wet temperate mountain and with micronutrients under both tree and shrub canopies at the dry temperate mountain. In most cases, soil base cation and micronutrient availabilities played fundamental roles in determining the base cation and micronutrient concentrations in plant tissues. An exception existed for the decoupling of leaf K and Fe with their availabilities in the soil. Our results highlight the importance of soil physicochemical properties (mainly SOC, C : N, and pH) rather than elevation (i.e., canopy cover and environmental factors, especially temperature), in determining base cation and micronutrient availabilities in soils and subsequently their concentrations in plant tissues.
V2Karst V1.0: A parsimonious large-scale integrated vegetation-recharge
model to simulate the impact of climate and land cover
change in karst regions
Authors: Sarrazin Fanny , Hartmann Andreas , Pianosi Francesca , Wagener Thorsten
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Karst aquifers are an important source of drinking water in many regions of the world. Karst areas are highly permeable and produce large amounts of groundwater recharge, while surface runoff is typically negligible. As a result, recharge in these systems may have a different sensitivity to climate and land cover changes compared to other less permeable systems. However, little effort has been directed toward assessing the impact of climate and land cover change in karst areas at large-scales. In this study, we address this gap by (1) introducing the first large-scale hydrological model including an explicit representation of both karst and land cover properties, and by (2) analysing the model's recharge production behaviour. To achieve these points, we first improve the evapotranspiration estimation of a previous large-scale karst recharge model (VarKarst). The new model (V2Karst V1.0) includes a parsimonious representation of relevant ET processes for climate and land cover change impact studies. We demonstrate the plausibility of V2Karst simulations at carbonate rock FLUXNET sites using soft rules and global sensitivity analysis. Then, we use virtual experiments with synthetic data to assess the sensitivity of simulated recharge to precipitation characteristics and land cover. Results reveal how both vegetation and soil parameters control the model behaviour, and they suggest that simulated recharge is sensitive to both precipitation (overall amount and temporal distribution) and land cover. Large-scale assessment of future karst groundwater recharge should therefore consider the combined impact of changes in land cover and precipitation properties, if it is to produce realistic projections of future change impacts.
Evaluation of impact of climate change and anthropogenic change on regional hydrology
Authors: Chang Seungwoo , Graham Wendy , Geurink Jeffrey , Wanakule Nisai , Asefa Tirusew
Published: March 2018

Abstract. General circulation models (GCMs) have been widely used to simulate current and future climate at the global scale. However, the development of frameworks to apply GCMs to assess potential climate change impacts on regional hydrologic systems and compliance with water resource regulations is more recent. It is important to predict potential impacts of future climate change on streamflows and groundwater levels to reduce risks and increase resilience in water resources management and planning. This study evaluated future streamflows and groundwater levels in the Tampa Bay region in west-central Florida using an ensemble of different GCMs, reference evapotranspiration (ET0) methods, and water use scenarios to drive an integrated hydrologic model (IHM). Eight GCMs were bias-corrected and downscaled using the Bias Correction and Stochastic Analog (BCSA) downscaling method and then used, together with three ET0 methods, to drive the IHM for eight different human water use scenarios. Results showed that changes in projected streamflow were most sensitive to GCM selection, however, projections of groundwater level change were sensitive to both GCM and water use scenario. Projected changes in streamflow and groundwater level were relatively insensitive to the ET0 methods evaluated in this study. Six of eight GCMs projected a decrease in streamflow and groundwater level in the future regardless of water use scenario or ET method. These results indicate a high probability of a reduction in future water supply in the Tampa Bay region if environmental regulations intended to protect current aquatic ecosystems do not adapt to the changing climate.
Design and development of a novel monolithic compliant XY stage with centimeter travel range and high payload capacity
Authors: Fan Shixun , Liu Hua , Fan Dapeng
Published: March 2018

Abstract. This article proposes a novel monolithic compliant spatial parallel XY stage (SPXYS). An important feature of the SPXYS lies in that it can deliver centimeter travel range and sustain large out-of-plane payload while possessing a compact structure, which makes the SPXYS suitable for some special applications such as Ultra-Violet Nanoimprint Lithography and soft-contact lithography. Different from conventional compliant positioning stages, the proposed SPXYS consists of a monolithic spatial parallel linear compliant mechanism (SPLCM) driven by four matching designed voice coil motors (VCMs). The moving platform of the stage is connected to the base by four spatial prismatic-prismatic (PP) joints, which are enveloped from planar PP joint based on the position space reconfiguration (PSR) method to realize desired travel range, payload capacity and compact size. The mechatronic model of the SPXYS is established by integrated using matrix structural analysis (MSA) and the method of images. The design flow chart of the SPXYS is given based on the key parameter sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, a reified SPXYS is designed and manufactured. The analytical design of the stage is confirmed by experiments. The reified stage has a travel range of 20.4 × 20.6 mm2, a compact structure with area ratio 1.87 %, and the resonant frequencies of the two working modes at 22.98 and 21.31 Hz. It can track a circular trajectory with the radius of 4.5 mm. The root mean squares (RMS) tracking error is 2 µm. The positioning resolution is 100 nm. The payload capacity test shows that the reified stage can bear 20 kg out-of-plane payload.
The use of historical information for regional frequency analysis of extreme skew surge
Authors: Frau Roberto , Andreewsky Marc , Bernardara Pietro
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The design of effective coastal protections requires an adequate
estimation of the annual occurrence probability of rare events associated
with
a return period up to 103 years. Regional frequency analysis (RFA) has
been proven to be an applicable way to estimate extreme events by sorting
regional data
into large and spatially distributed datasets. Nowadays, historical data are
available to provide new insight on past event estimation. The utilisation
of historical information would increase the precision and the reliability of
regional extreme's quantile estimation. However, historical data are from
significant extreme events that are not recorded by tide gauge. They usually
look like isolated data and they are different from continuous data from
systematic measurements of tide gauges. This makes the definition of the
duration of our observations period complicated. However, the duration of the observation
period is crucial for the frequency estimation of extreme
occurrences. For this reason, we introduced here the concept of “credible
duration”. The proposed RFA method (hereinafter referenced as FAB, from the
name of the authors) allows the use of historical data together with
systematic data, which is a result of the use of the credible duration concept.
Detection of inundation areas due to the 2015 Kanto and Tohoku
torrential rain in Japan based on multi-temporal ALOS-2 imagery
Authors: Liu Wen , Yamazaki Fumio
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Torrential rain triggered by two typhoons hit the Kanto and Tohoku regions of Japan from September 9 to 11, 2015. Due to the record-breaking amount of rainfall, several river banks were overflowed and destroyed, causing floods over wide areas. The PALSAR-2 sensor onboard the ALOS-2 satellite engaged in emergency observations of the affected areas during and after the heavy rain. Two pre-event and three co-event PALSAR-2 images were employed in this study to extract flooded areas in Joso city, Ibaraki prefecture. The backscattering coefficient of the river water was investigated first using the PALSAR-2 intensity images and a land-cover map with a 10-m resolution. The inundation areas were then extracted by setting threshold values for backscattering from water surfaces in the three temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. The extracted results were modified by considering the land-cover and a digital elevation model (DEM). Next, the inundated built-up urban areas were extracted from the changes in SAR backscattering. The results were finally compared with those from visual inspections of airborne imagery by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI), and they showed a good level of agreement.
Atmospheric Circulation Changes and their Impact on Extreme Sea Levels around Australia
Authors: Colberg Frank , McInnes Kathleen L. , O'Grady Julian , Hoeke Ron K.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Projections of sea level rise (SLR) will lead to increasing coastal impacts during extreme sea level events globally, however, there is significant uncertainty around short-term coastal sea level variability and the attendant frequency and severity of extreme sea level events. In this study, we investigate drivers of coastal sea level variability (including extremes) around Australia by means of historical conditions as well as future changes under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP8.5). To do this, a multi-decade hindcast simulation is validated against tide gauge data. The role of tide-surge interaction is assessed and found to have negligible effects on storm surge characteristic heights over most of the coastline. For future projections, twenty-year long simulations are carried out over the time periods 1981–1999 and 2081–2099 using atmospheric forcing from four CMIP5 climate models. Results provide insights into how future atmospheric circulation changes may impact Australia's coastal zone and highlight regions of potential sensitivity to atmospheric circulation changes. Areas of note are the Gulf of Carpentaria in the north where changes to the northwest monsoon could lead to relatively large increases in extreme sea levels during Austral summer. For the southern mainland coast the simulated scenarios suggest that a southward movement of the subtropical ridge leads to a small reduction in sea level extremes.
Growth of a sinkhole in a seismic zone of the Northern Apennines (Italy)
Authors: La Rosa Alessandro , Pagli Carolina , Molli Giancarlo , Casu Francesco , De Luca Claudio , Pieroni Amerino
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Sinkhole collapse is a major hazard causing substantial social and economic losses. However, the surface deformations and sinkhole evolution are rarely recorded, as these sites are known mainly after a collapse, making the assessment of sinkholes-related hazard challenging. Furthermore, 40 % of the sinkholes of Italy are in seismically hazardous zones; it remains unclear whether seismicity may trigger sinkhole collapse. Here we use a multidisciplinary dataset of InSAR, surface mapping and historical records of sinkhole activity to show that the Prà di Lama lake is a long-lived sinkhole that was formed over a century ago and grew through several events of unrest characterized by episodic subsidence and lake-level changes. Moreover, InSAR shows that continuous aseismic subsidence at rates of up to 7.1 mm yr−1 occurred during 2001–2008, between events of unrest. Earthquakes on the major faults near the sinkhole are not a trigger to sinkhole activity but small-magnitude earthquakes at 4–12  km depth occurred during sinkhole unrest in 1996 and 2016. We interpret our observations as evidence of seismic creep in an active fault zone at depth causing fracturing and ultimately leading to the formation and growth of the Prà di Lama sinkhole.
Joint analysis of coastal altimetry and HF radar data: observability of seasonal and mesoscale ocean dynamics in the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Manso-Narvarte Ivan , Caballero Ainhoa , Rubio Anna , Dufau Claire , Birol Florence
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Coastal HF radar systems provide operational measurements of coastal surface currents with high spatial (~ 1–5 km) and temporal (~ hourly) sampling resolution while the near continuous altimetry missions afford, from 1993 to nowadays, information of geostrophic currents in the global ocean with typical along-track and temporal sampling resolutions of > 7 km and > 9 days, respectively. During the last years, the altimetry community has made a step forward in improving these data in the coastal area, where the data present lower quality than in the open ocean. The combination of HF radar and altimetry measurements arises as a promising strategy to improve the continuous monitoring of the coastal area (e.g. by expanding the measurements made by HF radars to adjacent areas covered by the altimetry, or by validating/confirming improvements brought by specific coastal algorithms or new altimeter missions). A first step towards this combination is the comparison of both datasets in the overlapping areas. In this study, a HF radar system and two Jason-2 satellite altimetry products with different processing (CTOH and CMEMS) are compared over the period from 1 January 2009 to 24 July 2015. The results provide an evaluation of the performance of different coastal altimetry datasets within the study area and a better understanding of the ocean variability contained in the HF radar and both altimetry data sets. The variability of the radar and altimetry measurements is higher near the coast, and both observing systems detect the Iberian Poleward Current and eddies, which are the main mesoscale processes within the study area. The highest correlations between radar and altimetry (up to 0.64) take place in the slope, where the Iberian Poleward Current represents a significant part of the mesoscale variability. Besides, the use of a simple Ekman model to add the wind-induced current component to the to the altimetry-derived geostrophic currents increases the agreement between both data sets (increasing the correlation in around 10 %).
Impacto de resíduos sólidos urbano no comportamento do pH e matéria orgânica do solo de uma bacia hidrográfica localizada em Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Rezende Marcos Paulo Gonçalves , Cardoso Israel Luz , Oliveira Nicacia Monteiro , Figueiredo Gabriel Chaves
Published: March 2018

A bacia hidrográfica da Lagoa Comprida (BHLC) sofre o impacto do uso e ocupação de sua área devido à expansão urbana de Aquidauana/MS. Objetivou-se analisar a relação entre resíduos sólidos (kg/m²), orgânico (RO) e inorgânico (RI), e o comportamento do pH e matéria orgânica (MO) (mg/dm³) do solo da BHLC. Abriram-se na BHLC cinco trincheiras de 1 m² de superfície e 40 cm de profundidades em três pontos: local de um Antigo Lixão Municipal (ALM); duas áreas onde se encontra o Parque da Lagoa Comprida (Centro do Parque – ACP e Trilha Ecológica do Parque – TEP). De cada trincheira, peneirou-se o solo, separando-se os RO e RI; e determinou-se a MO e pH. Para a granulometria realizaram-se amostragens compostas nas profundidades 0-20 e 20-40 cm, sendo a textura dos solos nas áreas franco-arenosas. RI e RO relacionaram-se negativamente com MO e pH respectivamente. ACP e TEP apresentaram os maiores valores para RO e MO. ALM apresentou o maior valor para RI e pH. Conclui-se que o pH na ACP e TEP foi ácido, possivelmente associado à MO em decomposição. Os RI podem estar contribuindo nos teores da MO na área do ALM, o que demonstra a importância de cuidados nos locais onde despejam lixos.
Self-evaluation of Parental Competence – Differences Between Parents with Pedagogical and Non-Pedagogical Professions
Authors: Mandarić Vukušić Anita
Published: March 2018

Parental competence is closely related to various factors, which can directly or indirectly influence parentalbehaviour. One of these factors is the level of education, and more recent research show that the parents' choice ofprofession can be favourable for the development of certain parental skills and experience of parental competence.The aim of this research was to determine if there is a difference in the sense of parental competence among parentsof pedagogical professions. Research was conducted on a sample of 544 parents of pedagogical (N=247) andnon-pedagogical professions (N=297). The results show that parents of pedagogical professions (kindergarten andelementary school teachers), more so than parents of other professions, estimate their parental Efficacy as better, butthat is not the case with Satisfaction. This result can serve as confirmation to previous research about the positiveconnection between pedagogical and parental competence, and can contribute to understanding the connection ofsome pedagogical skills and abilities necessary for the development of parental competence.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 14, No. 4
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: March 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2018.
Analysis of factors determining athletes’ choice of the type of mouthguard
Authors: Mańka-Malara Katarzyna , Łuniewska Joanna , Łuniewska Magdalena , Hovhannisyan Anahit , Mierzwińska-Nastalska Elżbieta , Gawlak Dominika
Published: March 2018

Introduction. The application of flexible occlusal splints in therapy of the stomatognatic system is recommended for short-term use only because of the risk of muscle overloading or occlusal plane disorders. Mouthguards used in prevention of head and mouth injuries are a modification of occlusal splints. They are made of flexible material with properties enabling absorption of impact energy. Due to regular use during trainings and competitions they may have an impact on the incidence of stomatognatic system ailments. Aim of the study. To assess the factors determining the choice of a mouthguard type and its influence on the stomatognatic system. Material and methods. A survey was conducted among 1279 mouthguard users to collect demographic data and information concerning mouthguards on the occurrence of problems arising from their use including pain in the area of the stomatognatic system. Statistical analysis of the results was also performed. Results. 36% athletes with standard mouthguards, 37% with “boil and bite” and 44% with custom-made ones have a tendency towards strong clenching of dental arches. Participants using a custom-made mouthguard reported chewing muscle fatigue more often than the users of the standard and “boil and bite” type, but they did not report any pain located in the area of temporomandibular joint. People experiencing fatigue and with a strong clenching of dental arches tendency significantly more often choose a type considering its retention ability, whereas pain in the temporomandibular joint area does not influence their preferences. Athletes, who declare teeth clenching, more frequently indicate the retention factor as important. Conclusion. It is necessary to conduct further research on the use of mouthguards considering their impact on the stomatognatic system.
Analysis of fitness of prosthetic bridge designed and produced with digital methods
Authors: Surowiecki Daniel , Wierzba Jan , Grygoruk Roman , Wróbel-Bednarz Kamila
Published: March 2018

Introduction. In recent years the digitalization of dentistry has taken a special place in the world of scientific research. With the development of scanning methods and the improvement of software for the analysis and designing of three-dimensional objects, as well as the adaptation of milling techniques and additive technologies for dentistry applications in many clinical cases it is possible to replace the conventional procedure of prosthetic restoration with the digital process. It should be emphasized that the need of further thorough research is recommended especially on the accuracy of elements obtained with intraoral scanning and their production with additive technologies. Aim of the study. Analysis of marginal and internal fit of a prosthetic bridge designed and produced using digital methods. Material and methods. On the model of the jaw abutment teeth have been prepared to make a bridge. Using the intraoral scanner dental arches were scanned. The digital design was performed which was then printed using DMLS technology. The prosthetic restoration was 3D scanned in order to obtain a digital geometry which was processed with specialized software. The bridge fitting analysis to the CAD model of the abutment teeth was performed. Results. Heat map analysis allows to determine the high accuracy of bridge fitting within the abutment teeth. From 50 measurement points an average value of 0.0136 with a standard deviation of 0.0768 was obtained. The minimum value was -0.21, maximum 0.17. Discussion. As it results from the study and reports in the literature in many clinical situations it is possible to perform a completely digital procedure of producing prosthetic restorations. In vitro studies show the potential clinical usefulness of digital methods, however, most authors agree on the need of thorough clinical trials before fully recommending the application of completely digital procedures. The use of the developed methodology allows to perform further research on the accuracy of these technologies. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the accuracy of producing prosthetic restoration with digital techniques. Application of these technologies allows to produce bridge characterized by high precision. The reverse engineering method can be used to numerically determine parameters which are relevant from the point of view of medical applications.
New rapid diagnostic criteria of acute sinusitis based on patterns of headache and facial pain in sinusitis: A study of 117 patients suffering from sinusitis
Authors: Rajamani Santhosh Kumar
Published: March 2018

Introduction
There is need for any healthcare setup to rapidly identify Sinus headache patients from other cases of Neurological and Primary headaches like Migraine and Chronic Tension-type headache.
Materials and Methods
117 cases of confirmed sinusitis were evaluated and analyzed for common traits which could help in the rapid diagnosis of Sinusitis.
Results
Unilateral, dull aching headache and facial pain, of changing intensity, lasting all day on an average of 4 to 6 hours with a previous short history of the common cold in acute sinusitis is the most common pattern observed in this study.
Discussion
Unilateral, dull aching headache and facial pain, of variable intensity, lasting all day on an average of 4 to 6 hours along with is highly sensitive criterion (91%) for diagnosis of acute sinusitis. This, along with a history of previous Upper Respiratory tract infection, is useful to rapidly screen patients for acute sinusitis (95% sensitive). Though a subset of other headache cases will also be included by the criteria, imaging or Endoscopy must be done in these positive cases to increase the specificity of the diagnostic criteria.
‘If I Die here, I’m a Hero!’ On Masculinity and Vulnerability Among Male Asylum Seekers
Authors: Palillo Marco
Published: March 2018

For asylum seekers, masculinity is often a site of conflict, negotiated through competing discourses and public narratives about what it means to be an asylum seeker. Here, the male ‘genuine refugee’ is often depicted as a feminised, passive victim who ‘deserves’ humanitarian protection on the base of his vulnerability. Focusing on the crossing of the desert to Libya, this article analyses asylum seekers’ positioning of themselves as ‘men’ through their own narratives as well as the ways in which they engage with vulnerability, victimhood and agency in their storytelling. In particular, the focus lies on two cases, of Hakeem and David, selected from within 36 life history interviews with asylum seekers, refugees, and international protection holders collected in Sicily. For these men, the refugee journey is narrated as an accomplishment not only in terms of receiving asylum, but also in terms of their masculinity, exalting qualities such as endurance, courage, and competence. Two images, of the soldier and the hero, are presented as imaginary positioning of the self. This positioning appears to resolve performative tensions around masculinity/refugeeness, contesting the dominant image of the passive, feminized, helpless subject at the heart of ‘the genuine refugee’ public narrative. This might also be read as a strategy to reconcile profound questions about identity, the self, and experiences related to trauma and the loss of masculine status in the context of forced migration.
Socioeconomic status and children’s need for hospital services. Implications for need-based resource allocation models
Authors: Kaarboe Oddvar , Carlsen Fredrik
Published: March 2018

We investigate whether parents´ socioeconomic status affects children´s need for hospital services, and potential implications for need-based resource allocation models. Data are from somatic hospital stays by children below the age of 11 in Norway in 2011. Socioeconomic status is measured by parents’ educational level or income. We find that the educational gradient is dominating the income gradient, and the effects are strong: Hospital expenditures of a child whose mother (father) has not completed secondary education are 51 % (42%) higher than average expenditures. The effect of parents´ educational level is strongest for the youngest children and is mainly due to emergency care. Since we find a negative correlation between the educational attainment and hospital expenditures, we argue that education level of parents should be included in the need-based resource allocation model. Published: Online September 2017. In print December 2017.