bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematizing evil in literature: twelve models for the analysis of narrative fiction
Authors: Candel Daniel
Published: August 2021

While there are interesting connections between literature and evil, there is as of yet no systematic collection of models of evil to study literature. This is problematic, since literature is among other things an evaluative discourse and the most basic evaluative category is the polarity of good versus evil. In addition, evil shows important affinities with basic narratological principles. To initiate a discussion of models of evil for the analysis of literature, this article organizes a dozen models of evil into four groups. The first consists of a core model which coincides with basic narratological elements in character analysis and narrative tension. The second group contains two pre-modern models of evil, defilement and moral-natural evil. The third group takes its cue from personality theory and proposes the five-factor model of personality and an enriched “dark triad,” and, to balance description against narration, a model which categorizes kinds of murder. The last group organizes six models around the thematic opposition between nature and society, an opposition which forms the backbone of Western philosophy and narrative. To test their validity, the models are applied to a series of literary examples/characters, above all Grendel (Beowulf), Browning’s “My Last Duchess,” and Carol Oates’ short story “Heat.”
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, CIV. Umsetzungen von Orthoamiden der Alkincarbonsäuren mit enolisierbaren Carbonylverbindungen – Cyclisierung der Kondensationsprodukte zu Pyran-Derivaten
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Edelmann Kai , Mezger Jochen , Vettel Markus , Frey Wolfgang
Published: August 2021

Orthoamides of alkynecarboxylic acid 15 condense with enolisable β-dicarbonyl compounds and as well with acetophenones to give 3-acryl-1,1-bis(dimethyl-amino)-1,3-butadienes. Some acylbutadienes cyclize affording 2-pyranon-derivatives 33 upon heating with aqueous ethanol. 2H-pyranes are accessible from acetone dicarboxylic acid ester and orthoamides 15. The constitution of one 4-acyl-1,1-bis(dimethylamino)-1,3-butadiene (16f) and one 2H-pyrane (44b) was confirmed by crystal structure determinations.
The Impact of Environmental Conditions on Player Loads During Preseason Training Sessions in Women's Soccer Athletes
Authors: Austin Alexis B. , Collins Sean M. , Huggins Robert A. , Smith Brittany A. , Bowman Thomas G.
Published: August 2021

Austin, AB, Collins, SM, Huggins, RA, Smith, BA, and Bowman, TG. The impact of environmental conditions on player loads during preseason training sessions in women's soccer athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2775–2782, 2021—Our objective was to determine the impact of environmental conditions on player loads during preseason training sessions in women's soccer athletes. Eleven women's NCAA Division III soccer players (age = 20 ± 1 year, height = 167.28 ± 8.65 cm, body mass = 60.18 ± 5.42 kg, V̇o
2max = 43.70 ± 3.95 ml·kg−1·min−1) volunteered to wear Global Positioning System (GPS) devices (Sports Performance Tracking, Melbourne, Australia) that provided measures of training session external intensity throughout all preseason practices (n = 15). We recorded wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), session Rating of Perceived Exertion-Training Load (sRPE-TL), and ΔBM during each preseason training session and set α ≤ 0.05. The combination of WBGT, sRPE-TL, and ΔBM explained 34% of the variance in GPS-based intensity score (proprietary measure) (F
3,153 = 26.25, p < 0.001). Wet-bulb globe temperature (t
156 = −2.58, p = 0.01), sRPE (t
156 = 8.24, p < 0.001), and ΔBM (t
156 = 2.39, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with intensity. The ΔBM from prepractice (60.00 ± 5.21 kg) to postpractice (59.61 ± 5.10 kg) was statistically significant (p < 0.001); however, ΔBM from the beginning of preseason (59.87 ± 5.31 kg) to the end of preseason (59.91 ± 5.58 kg) was not significant (p = 0.89). Despite relatively low to moderate environmental conditions, increases in WBGT were associated with reductions in GPS intensity and elevated internal load via sRPE-TL. Our findings support the association between exercise intensity and WBGT, internal load, and hydration status; thus, coaches and exercise scientists should take these factors into account when monitoring or interpreting intensity metrics. Furthermore, these findings support the continued use of environmental monitoring and hydration best-practice policies to limit exercise intensity in the heat so as to mitigate excessive heat stress.
Longitudinal Physiological and Fitness Evaluations in Elite Ice Hockey: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chiarlitti Nathan A. , Crozier Mitchell , Insogna Jessica A. , Reid Ryan E.R. , Delisle-Houde Patrick
Published: August 2021

Chiarlitti, NA, Crozier, M, Insogna, JA, Reid, RER, and Delisle-Houde, P. Longitudinal physiological and fitness evaluations in elite ice hockey: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2963–2979, 2021—Ice hockey has greatly evolved since the last review article was published more than 25 years ago. Although players still combine anaerobic and aerobic conditioning, the pace of the game has greatly increased. Players are faster, stronger, and more agile than their predecessors; however, an important emphasis is now placed on maximizing player performance for the play-offs. For the coaching staff, strength and conditioning coaches, and players, an emphasis on mitigating fitness and physiologic losses throughout the season would be beneficial, given the intimate relationship they share with on-ice performance. This systematic review of the literature outlines the current knowledge concerning longitudinal changes in relation to fitness, body composition, and physiologic parameters across an elite hockey season. The search of 4 large scientific databases (i.e., Embase, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) yielded 4,049 items, which, after removing duplicates and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulted in 23 published scientific articles to be included in this review. The wide span of literature (1956–2020) made inferences difficult giving the degree to which the game of ice hockey has changed; however, more recent research points to an aerobic deconditioning pattern and increased fatigue throughout the season in a specific group of elite hockey players (i.e., university athletes) while showing that ice hockey can lead to many possible histological adaptations. Ultimately, tracking, identifying, and developing methods to mitigate potential negative longitudinal changes will be imperative to influencing individual and team performance in the later parts of the season.
The Temporality of Interlinear Translation
Authors: Tahmasebian Kayvan , Gould Rebecca Ruth
Published: August 2021

This article examines the temporality of interlinear translation through a case study of the rendering of Friedrich Hölderlin’s poetry into Persian. We argue that, in its adherence to the word order of the original, the interlinear crib prioritizes the temporality of the instant (kairos) over the temporality of the linear sequence (chronos). Kairos is made manifest in the literalist translations of Hölderlin by the modernist Iranian translator-poet Bijan Elahi (d. 2010). This inquiry advances our understanding of the role of syntax in constituting literary form and in shaping translation, and exposes the contingency of the translator’s decisions in every given literary juncture.
Preventing Long-Term English Learners: Results from a Project-Based Differentiated ELD Intervention Program
Authors: Lavadenz Magaly , Armas Elvira , Barajas Rosalinda
Published: August 2021

In this article the authors describe efforts taken by a small southern California school district to develop and implement an innovative, research-based English Language Development program to address a growing concern over long-term English Learners (LTELs) in their district. With support from the Weingart Foundation this afterschool program served 3rd and 7th grade LTELs between 2008–2011 to accelerate language and literacy acquisition and prevent prolonged EL status. Program evaluation results indicated that the intervention was associated with improved English language proficiency as measured by the California English Language Development Test. Results also showed a heightened awareness of effective practices for LTELs among the district’s teachers and high levels of satisfaction among the participants’ parents. This intervention program has implications for classroom-based intervention including project-based learning for LTELs, for targeted professional development, and for further research for the prevention of LTEL status.
Equitable and Fair Assessments of English Learners in California’s New Assessment System
Authors: Gold Norman , Lavadenz Magaly , Hernández Martha , Spiegel-Coleman Shelly
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on the assessment needs that are unique to English learners (ELs) and provides a comprehensive set of recommendations regarding their equitable and fair assessment. Specific recommendations are provided for when to assess ELs, accommodations for ELs, and the budget and infrastructure that necessary to support these accommodations. The authors expect that these recommendations resonate with state leaders and policymakers as the state of California transitions to a new state assessment system.
Measuring undergraduate students’ beliefs about and career interest in bioproducts and bioenergy
Authors: McAlexander S. L. , Noble S. M. , McCance K. , Blanchard M. R. , Venditti R. A.
Published: August 2021

Two survey instruments measuring undergraduate students’ beliefs about bioproducts/bioenergy and related careers were developed and validated in this research study. The Beliefs about Bioproducts/Bioenergy (BABB) and Career Interest in Bioproducts/Bioenergy (CIBB) surveys were administered to undergraduate students enrolled in courses in a natural resources college. BABB (N = 168) and CIBB (N = 203) survey results were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Validity and reliability were demonstrated. The BABB has two related scales, Personal (P) and Societal (S), which can be used together or separately. ANOVA and t-test analyses determined that students with majors closely related to bioproducts/bioenergy held significantly more positive personal and societal beliefs about bioproducts/bioenergy, as well as related career interests. Differences were identified based on gender, but not by race/ethnicity. Measuring student beliefs about bioproducts/bioenergy and interest in related careers may help to gauge trends and changes in beliefs that influence environmentally-related choices and support efforts to prepare a diverse workforce for the bioeconomy. The authors recommend the use of these surveys to measure the impacts of academic and professional development experiences.
Surface roughness and chip morphology of wood-plastic composites manufactured via high-speed milling
Authors: Wei Weihua , Cong Rui , Xue Tongming , Abraham Ayodele Daniel , Yang Changyong
Published: August 2021

Wood-plastic composites have attracted extensive attention throughout the world because of their advantages. However, the manufacturing mechanism of the wood-plastic composites, i.e., high-speed milling technology, is not perfect and needs further study. The effects of the cutting parameters, i.e., the spindle speed, feed rate, axial milling depth, and radial milling depth, on the surface roughness and chip morphology were studied; the surface roughness values, Ra and Rz of high-speed milling wood-plastic composites samples were measured via high precision surface roughness measuring instrument, and their regression equations were calculated. The chips produced via a high-speed milling process were collected and studied. The results showed that the surface roughness of the wood-plastic composites increases with an increase in the axial depth, feed rate, or radial depth, but decreases with an increase in the spindle speed. In addition, the axial milling depth, feed rate, and spindle speed had a significant effect on the morphology of the chips. However, the effect of the radial milling depth on the morphology of the chips was not obvious. The results can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of high-speed milling processing of wood-plastic composites.
Estratégias metacognitivas
Authors: Söhngen Clarice Beatriz da Costa , Bordignon Danielle Massulo
Published: August 2021

Este artigo objetiva provocar a reflexão acerca do aprendizado da leitura e da escrita como processos metacognitivos em ensaios acadêmicos na área jurídica, assim como contribuir para os estudos sobre o gênero ensaio acadêmico, indicando a relevância da autonomia nos processos de aprendizagem dos autores. A problematização relaciona-se diretamente com resultados obtidos pela compreensãode estudantes acadêmicos durante a produção textual. Observa-se que muitas produções revelam dificuldades quanto à competência escritora, bem como leitora e evidenciam que o desenvolvimento das competências metacognitivas podem contribuir para o aprendizado dos estudantes em âmbito acadêmico.
Atenção e emoções
Authors: Silva Taís Bopp da
Published: August 2021

A compreensão leitora depende de elementos relacionados ao texto, ao autor e ao leitor. Além de conhecimento linguístico e conhecimento de mundo, o aparato cognitivo do indivíduo assume vital importância no processo de leitura. A memória é um componente cognitivo de fundamental importância para a aprendizagem e ao qual pesquisadores têm dedicado muitos estudos. Porém, a memória é um componente que depende da atenção para a sua formação e sofre grande influência das emoções. Atenção e emoções, por sua vez, apresentam uma inter-relação bastante estreita, na medida em que as emoções podem influenciar o foco atencional. São apresentados neste artigo três fatores apontados pela literatura que podem modular a relação entre atenção e emoções —  a saber, a relevância de estímulos distratores, a motivação e as características individuais dos sujeitos — e , na sequência, discute-se de que modo a conjugação destes elementos pode beneficiar o professor no planejamento do ensino da leitura.
Letramento dominante e prática social
Authors: Fernandes Luzia
Published: August 2021

Sabe-se que o objetivo precípuo da língua em qualquer comunidade de fala é comunicar. No âmbito dos espaços jurídicos, seja tribunais, fóruns, sala de audiência ou secretarias forenses, as habilidades de leitura e escrita são de suma importância para que o cidadão participe juridicamente da sociedade de modo abrangente e tenha a tão apregoada garantia de acesso à Justiça, consoante dispõe o texto constitucional brasileiro. Dito isso, neste artigo, tem-se como objetivo propor uma reflexão sobre até que ponto a linguagem jurídica representa um instrumento de poder e segregação entre a Justiça e o jurisdicionado, considerando o estilo linguístico presente nas decisões judiciais e a falta de letramento social para atuação do indivíduo nos espaços institucionalizados. Essa reflexão ancora-se nos postulados dos Novos Estudos de Letramento, de Street (1993), Ângela Kleiman (1995) e Tfouni (1995), e também no conceito de poder simbólico do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu (1989). Por fim, avoca-se a ideia do uso de uma linguagem jurídica capaz de inserir o jurisdicionado no universo das decisões judiciais, em detrimento do purismo linguístico, muitas vezes, ininteligível, com foco em uma decisão judicial emanada de um juiz do TRF 4, no ano de 2015.
Leitura e compreensão leitora sob as óticas da Psicolinguística e da Análise do Discurso
Authors: Gomes Graziella Steigleder , Gonçalves Tamiris Machado
Published: August 2021

Este artigo discorre sobre leitura e compreensão leitora, a partir de noções provindas da Psicolinguística e da Análise do Discurso. Nesse ato, objetivamos promover uma aproximação entre as áreas a fim de construir um olhar que pode ser aplicado ao entendimento da linguagem em uso, uma vez que a habilidade de ler, tomada em seu caráter polissêmico, presta-se à interpretação de variadas semioses. A partir da realização de uma revisão bibliográfica, apresentamos as perspectivas, no que tange à leitura e à compreensão, e as submetemos a um diálogo. Nesta discussão, foi possível compreender que ambas as vertentes de estudo contemplam a relação autor-texto-leitor, orientando que a construção dos sentidos é um processo relacionado às práticas sociais.
Teorias Neurocognitivas de Aprendizagem da Leitura e Métodos de Alfabetização
Authors: Teixeira Mariana Terra , Azevedo Aline Fay de
Published: August 2021

No terceiro ano do ensino fundamental, transcorridos três anos escolares inteiros, 22% dos alunos conseguem ler somente palavras soltas (SAEB/ANA, 2016). As dificuldades com a leitura e a escrita estão associadas ao método de ensino e à ausência de práticas de letramento apropriadas. A maioria das crianças possuem dificuldades de aprendizagem que podem ser ultrapassadas com instrução adequada. A questão central discutida neste artigo é que, para a criança aprender a ler, é preciso lhe ensinar a ler. Portanto, o presente artigo teve como objetivos (1) discutir e trazer exemplos efetivos sobre como as teorias neurocientíficas de aprendizagem da leitura podem nos ajudar a pensar em um método de alfabetização e ensino da leitura mais eficaz, e (2) a criação de um panfleto informativo para professores de ensino fundamental anos iniciais, cujo foco é ilustrar e fazer sugestões práticas sobre alfabetização baseada em evidências científicas. A partir de evidências de estudos neurocientíficos que sublinham a importância do ensino do princípio alfabético e do desenvolvimento da consciência fonológica, elaboramos um panfleto com dicas e técnicas práticas para o ensino da leitura com base no método fônico, método que corresponde às evidências dos estudos neurocientíficos resenhados neste artigo.
Aprender e ensinar a ler e a escrever
Authors: Seidel Verônica Franciele , Pereira Vera Wannmacher , Pinto Maria da Graça
Published: August 2021

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Sounds in the City
Authors: D’Aquino Brian , Pârvan Oana
Published: August 2021

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Dub Essay #1 - Tikur Sound System
Authors: System Tikur Sound
Published: August 2021

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Feminine Frequencies
Authors: Charles Monique
Published: August 2021

This article recounts a critical conversation between two Black British sound women, conducted by a Black British female scholar. Together DJ Ade and Junie Rankin (real names Lynda Rosenior-Patten and June Reid) form Nzinga Soundz, one of the UK’s longest running, all-women sound systems. Thali Lotus owns and runs CAYA Sound System, established and built in 2016 with the aim of promoting reggae music as an educational, charitable, entertaining and entrepreneurial tool. Resulting from an extensive double interview conducted by Dr Monique Charles, leading scholar on grime and Black Atlantic performances, the piece offers an insight into issues of race, gender, knowledge transmission and use of technology as reflected in the work of two female reggae outputs. Combining the critical insight of a scholar with the self-reflection and self-articulation of music practitioners, the article explores the way in which the practice of reggae sound systems is constantly rearticulated as a work of art, business enterprise and tool of empowerment for oneself and the wider community in the British context.
Józefa Tischnera pytanie o „przeświadczenie podstawowe” Leszka Kołakowskiego
Authors: Jagiełło Jarosław
Published: August 2021

W niniejszym opracowaniu koncentruję się na problematyce perspektywy, z jakiej ks. Józef Tischner patrzy na dzieło filozoficzne i życie Leszka Kołakowskiego. Wykazuję, i to jest główny cel artykułu, że ta perspektywa wyznaczona jest przez Tischnerowskie odkrycie tzw. „przeświadczenia podstawowego” w pismach Kołakowskiego. Takie przeświadczenie miało decydujące znaczenie zarówno dla jego filozoficznej apologetyki marksizmu, jak również dla jego radykalnej krytyki Kościoła i ufundowanego na marksizmie komunizmu. Stawiając pytanie o „przeświadczenie podstawowe”, Józef Tischner uzasadnia, że w filozofii Kołakowskiego od początku ogniskuje się ono wokół problematyki etycznej, w szczególności w wokół idei praw człowieka. To w niej Tischner dostrzega kluczowy wątek filozofii Leszka Kołakowskiego. W ten sposób Tischner kreśli obraz Kołakowskiego jako filozofa właściwie jednej myśli, która dojrzewa w jego twórczości na różnych poziomach, przede wszystkim zaś na poziomie rozumienia ­człowieka, religii i Kościoła.
O możliwym, lecz nie zaistniałym sporze – problem ludzkiej wolności w ujęciu Józefa Tischnera i Leszka Kołakowskiego
Authors: Dymarski Zbyszek
Published: August 2021

W latach 70. między Józefem Tischnerem a tomistami toczyła się bardzo ciekawa debata. Na początku lat 80. wszedł on w spór z marksizmem. Zdaniem autora artykułu w końcówce lat 90. wiele zapowiadało, że kolejną intelektualną wojnę stoczy on z liberalizmem, a w szczególności z jego sposobem rozumienia ludzkiej wolności. Z wielu powodów do tego sporu nie doszło. Autor artykułu uważa, że głównym adwersarzem w tym sporze mógłby być Leszek Kołakowski.Prawie wszyscy współcześni intelektualiści uważają, że wolność jest czymś fundamentalnym dla ludzkiego istnienia. Pogląd ten podzielali i Leszek Kołakowski, i Józef Tischner. Dlatego też spór ten dotyczyłby natury wolności wewnętrznej, a nie zewnętrznej. Każdy z adwersarzy inaczej rozumiał to, czym ona jest. Kołakowskiemu bliskie było liberalne ujęcie wolności. Z kolei Tischnerowskie rozumienie wolności dryfowało ku sposobowi, w jaki rozumiał je Augustyn. W tym tekście autor przybliża oba te rozumienia wolności. Uważa też, że próba zmierzenia siły argumentów obu adwersarzy mogłaby się dokonać w odniesieniu do istoty człowieka.
Tischnera z Kołakowskim spór o łaskę i wolność
Authors: Hołda Miłosz
Published: August 2021

Niniejszy tekst traktuje o jednej z odsłon zapoczątkowanego przez Pelagiusza i św. Augustyna sporu o łaskę i wolność. Bohaterami tej odsłony sporu są Leszek Kołakowski i Józef Tischner. Kołakowski, rekonstruując XVII-wieczne dyskusje między jansenistami i molinistami, stawiał pytanie o znaczenie tego sporu dla współczesności. Tischner, krytykując poglądy Kołakowskiego, proponował własne, idące śladem myśli św. Augustyna, rozwiązanie problemu łaski i wolności. W niniejszym tekście umieszczam spór Tischnera z Kołakowskim na tle starszych odsłon sporu i omawiam poglądy obu myślicieli. Podejmuję także próbę rozstrzygnięcia tego sporu oraz wskazuję jego znaczenie dla filozofii wychowania i filozofii polityki.
Honor in the land of inconsistency.On ethical reflections of Józef Tischner, Adam Michnik, and Leszek Kołakowski
Authors: Wieczorek Krzysztof
Published: August 2021

Honor is one of the values permanently inscribed in the traditional ethos of the Polish culture. In the past centuries, it was a feature distinguishing only one social class – the nobility. However, as a result of cultural changes, the concept of honor was democratized, thus entering the universal system of values, shaping the entire social structure. The above notwithstanding, the understanding of this concept had not become homogenized in the process. Even today, one can still observe the concurrence of different styles of thinking about honor, manifest in a variety of coexisting patterns of honorable behavior and particular attitudes to honor, whose respective uniqueness depends on socio-cultural contexts. It is, therefore, possible to speak of the honor of peasants or Highlanders, or of the honor of an oppositionist or an intellectual, and it stands to reason that in each case the sense of the concept will prove to be slightly different. In this text, the author presents the results of an analysis of the ways in which honor is understood by Józef Tischner and Leszek Kołakowski – two Polish thinkers who played important roles in the intellectual life of Poland in the second half of the twentieth century. These considerations are further complemented by a reflection on one of the leading activists of the democratic opposition in the final years of the Polish People’s Republic, an influential writer, journalist, editor, author of Z dziejów honoru w Polsce. Wypisy więzienne [From the History of Honor in Poland. Prison Notes] and numerous other books – Adam Michnik. An insight into his views on honor, and the reflection on the stance he adopted, combined with the analysis of Tischner’s position, allows the author to reconstruct Leszek Kołakowski’s ideal of honor, whose currency transgresses time.
Tischner’s dispute with Kołakowski over grace and freedom
Authors: Hołda Miłosz
Published: August 2021

The present text addresses one of the stages of the controversy over grace and freedom originated by Pelagius and Saint Augustine. The protagonists of this stage are Leszek Kołakowski and Józef Tischner. As he was reconstructing the 17th-century debates between Jansenists and Molinists, Kołakowski posed a question about the relevance in: of this controversy for the contemporary times. Tischner, as he was critical of Kołakowski’s views, put forward his own solution to the problem of grace and freedom, which was in line with the thought of Saint Augustine. In the present text I place Tischner’s dispute with Kołakowski against the backdrop of earlier stages of the controversy, and I discuss the views held by both the thinkers. I also attempt to resolve this dispute and point to its significance for the philosophy of education and the philosophy of politics.
Józef Tischner and Leszek Kołakowski on liberation theology
Authors: Zientkowski Przemysław
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the “meeting of thoughts” of Rev. Prof. Józef Tischner and Prof. Leszek Kołakowski. The meeting of Christian and leftist thought in the context of liberation theology understood not radically, as a South American movement of armed struggle for Christian values, but as actions of leftist ideas in regard to values present among people of the Church. Both Leszek Kołakowski and Józef Tischner have repeatedly taken up themes related to liberation theology. In the article I will define the role and place of both thinkers in relation to the fact of Christianity’s involvement in politics.
Criticism Towards Shaḥrūr's Concept of The Prophet's Sunnah
Authors: Rizal Fahmi Ali Syaifuddin
Published: August 2021

This article deals with the concept of Sunnah proposed by Muḥammad Shaḥrūr and offers a criticism towards his tendency to the denial of the Prophet’s Sunnah (inkār al-Sunnah). Shaḥrūr rejects the Ḥadīth and Sunnah as the second source of Islamic law, by reformulating and redefining the concept of Ḥadīth and Sunnah. Shaḥrūr distinguished between Ḥadīth and Sunnah. According to him, the Ḥadīth is the Qur’ān itself, and the Sunnah has been the practical application (ijtihād) of the Prophet to implement what was revealed to him. Shaḥrūr’s rejection and denial of Ḥadīth and Sunnah are based on the argument that all Ḥadīths were filled with the story of Isrā’īliyyāt. The tendency towards inkār al-Sunnah represented by Shaḥrūr is not a completely new idea, since this position was also conceived by several previous figures. However, despite the fact that Shaḥrūr’s inkār al-Sunnah as argued on the basis of a new approach to Ḥadīth studies, this article reveals that Shaḥrūr’s understanding of, and his tendency to deny, Ḥadīths or Sunnah reflect his opposition against orthodox views on the Prophet’s Sunnah.
Criteria for Selection and Evaluation of Rolling Stock of Motor Transport Enterprises
Authors: Khavruk V. O , Parkhomenko O. O
Published: August 2021

Purpose. The basic aim of the work is to analyze and substantiate the criteria for selection and evaluation of rolling stock – trucks of motor transport enterprises, based on scientific research on this issue. Methodology. The research was performed using general methods: abstraction and concretization, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. Findings. It is established that the main features of the classification of criteria for selection and evaluation of rolling stock are the number of factors (there are single and complex criteria); level of dependence (it is possible to single out completely dependent on external operating conditions, partially dependent and independent criteria); nature (quantitative and qualitative criteria); quantitative value (absolute and relative criteria). The practical approach at a choice of rolling stock fleet for the motor transport enterprise, proceeding from such factors, as character and structure of cargo flow; volumetric weight and batch of cargo; road conditions; ensuring maximum speed and traffic safety; ensuring the minimum costs associated with goods transportation. The scheme of criteria for the selection of rolling stock is presented and five stages are clarified, which establish the sequence of evaluation and selection of vehicles: 1) analysis of transportation conditions and cargo characteristics; 2) the choice of car capacity; 3) structure suitability analysis to the road conditions; 4) analysis of technical and operational properties of cars; 5) technical and economic evaluation of cars selected in the first four stages, which can be performed according to different criteria. The expediency of bringing different criteria into one complex quality indicator is performed in a graphical interpretation. It was found that the technical and economic evaluation of cars is based on the following criteria: car performance; the complexity of using the car; energy consumption of transportation; metal consumption of transportations. Originality. The analysis of the criteria for selection and evaluation of rolling stock allowed to form a method of selection and evaluation of vehicles and the criteria used in the form of a structured scheme that takes into account the main goal – to maximize profits from transport work and minimize operating costs. Practical value. The results of the study can be used by motor transport enterprises in the selection of rolling stock at the stages of purchase of new trucks, based on the practical experience of transportation of various types of goods.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE CONDITIONS OF SEPARATION OF CUTS ON THE HUMPS OF MIDDLE POWER SLIDES
Authors: В. И. БОБРОВСКИЙ  , С. В. БОРЫЧЕВА  , Ю. Н. ГЕРМАНЮК
Published: August 2021

The aim of the work is to improve the conditions for the separation of cuts on the switch of humps of medium power as a result of improving the design of their hump neck. Methodology. Studies of the design of the throat neck were carried out on the basis of a simulation of the rolling process of the calculated group of cuts on a hump of medium power using an iterative method of optimizing the braking modes of cuts. Results. It has been established that on medium-sized sorting hills in hump necks with one braking position on the downhill part of the hump, it is advisable to lengthen the switch zone located behind the braking position. This will increase the intervals between the cuts on the dividing switches and thereby improve the quality of the interval control of the speed of the cuts when the trains are disbanded. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the dependences of the intervals between the cuts on the dividing switches of the hillside bundles of the hump on the elongation of its switch zone located behind the brake position on the downhill of the hump were established. Practical significance. The results can be used to improve the design of humps and increase the efficiency of the sorting process on humps of medium power.
IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES TO ELIMINATE THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTS DURING THE TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Authors: Ю. В. ЗЕЛЕНЬКО  , М. В. КАЛИМБЕТ  , Д. В. ФЕСЕНКО
Published: August 2021

The article describes the problems during the transportation of dangerous goods, and during the elimination of accidents during the transportation of dangerous goods by rail. The solution of these problems is also presented. The purpose of this study is primarily to improve the procedure for transportation of dangerous goods by rail, and liquidation measures, as well as to reduce the time spent on the elimination of accidents during the transportation of dangerous goods by rail. Method. This article describes in detail the proposals proposed by the authors to improve the procedure for transportation of dangerous goods, and liquidation measures in the legal field, by reviewing the powers of employees, as well as by developing and using a universal sorbent of composite materials. That is, the authors propose the development of a universal sorbent and its introduction in railway transport. The scientific novelty is the creation of a universal sorbent, which will be able as one of the liquidation measures in emergency situations during the transportation of dangerous goods by rail. Practical significance. In Ukraine, there are many sorbents on rail transport to eliminate accidents, there are many, but one sorbent can be used only to eliminate a specific class of danger, and our universal sorbent can be used to eliminate several classes of dangerous goods. The authors propose to attach it to the train, which will allow to immediately start the localization of the spill before the arrival of the emergency recovery train, and thus reduce the precious time for liquidation measures. when transporting dangerous goods.
THE METHOD OF EXPERT EVALUATION IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF OPERATION OF PASSENGER SHIPS
Authors: С. С. БОРОВИК  , А. Г. ШИБАЕВ
Published: August 2021

Purpose. Analysis of the efficiency of the operation of passenger ships. Methodology. The study was carried out using the method of expert assessments. Findings. Using the method of expert assessments, experts evaluate factors that are difficult to formalize, which allows them to make a well-founded conclusion about the operation of the object under consideration in certain conditions. In the study, such criteria as technical, service, organizational and economic, marketing and safety were proposed as criteria for assessing the efficiency of the operation of passenger ships. The components of these criteria reflect the efficiency of the operation of passenger ships, both from the position of the ship owner and the position of the passenger, which is important for ensuring the demand for water passenger transport services. The sequence of operations, according to the expert assessment of the selected criteria, is as follows: development of the questionnaire; selection of experts; determination of the competence of experts; survey of experts; analysis and generalization of survey results; determining the consistency of expert opinions; implementation of results. The expert assessment method determines the operational efficiency of each vessel and shows how each of the criteria affects the efficiency. And also, it allows you to determine the weight of each criterion, which, in turn, allows you to determine the ways to improve the efficiency of the passenger fleet operation. Originality. The presented method, in contrast to other methods, makes it possible to give a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of the operation of passenger ships using both quantitative and qualitative criteria. This takes into account the requirements for operational efficiency both on the part of the ship owner and on the part of passengers. Practical value. The results of the research carried out can be used by shipowners to assess the efficiency of the operation of their fleet, the fleet that can be attracted on lease terms, as well as to determine the strategy for increasing the efficiency of the fleet.
ASSESSMENT ON A MULTI-CRITERIA BASIS OF QUALITY OF WORK OF ELEMENTS OF TRANSPORT AND TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF THE SEA PORT
Authors: А. М. БЕРЕСТОВОЙ  , С. Г. ЗИНЧЕНКО  , О, А. ХЛЕСТОВА
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The article considers the problem of evaluating, on a multicriteria basis, the quality of work of elements of the transport and technological system of the seaport.The method for evaluating the performance indicators of the transport and technological system of the seaport is based on the formation and comparison of a data array of conditional indicators of economic, environmental, social, functional and other types of effectiveness of this system.The management of the international transport system, which is the transport and technological system of the seaport, bears a rather complicated econometric character with the logistic principles of “compromise, non-interference, quality, risks” and others. A simpler is the assessment of quality on a multi-criteria basis using human-machine procedures, which is relevant for evaluating the operation of the transport and technological system of the seaport in modern conditions of deregulation. This is typical for seaports.The human-machine procedure involves the use of two possibilities: the first is reliably necessary and accurate data received from decision makers; the second is the development of an algorithm and program that allows you to speed up the calculations of the necessary estimates and establish estimates of the cost of the quality of work in the transport and technological system of the seaport.Particular attention when using the apparatus of human-machine procedures for calculating the quality assessment on a multi-criteria basis deserves the choice of weight criteria with an assessment of the “importance” of deviations of the cost of the work of a particular element from the indicators in the practice of individual elements of the transport and technological system of the seaport.The quality of work of the elements of the transport and technological system of the seaport should be assessed on a multi-criteria basis at the cost of achieving the value of the corresponding estimated efficiency indicator depending on the value of the cargo.A block diagram of the algorithm has been compiled to accelerate the calculation of the necessary estimated data for establishing an estimate of the cost of the quality of work in the transport and technological system of the seaport, which determines the coefficients of the weight of costs in evaluating the work of its individual elements.Thus, the developed method makes it possible to assess, on a multicriteria basis, the volume of costs, the efficiency and quality of work of any element of the transport and technological system of the seaport in uncertain conditions, especially when deregulating cargo transportation, as well as to outline and develop specific measures to improve the estimated performance of this system.
STUDY OF TRANSPORTATION PROCESS AS A FACTOR OF RAILWAY TRACK OPERATION
Authors: М. А. АРБУЗОВ  , Є. В. АРБУЗОВА
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The transportation process depends on the state of the technical systems involved. Technical systems depend on the organization of the transportation process. The paper considers the influence of operational parameters on the condition of the railway track. To study this problem, the most difficult section of the Slavsko-Lavochne-Beskid-Volovets track was chosen at the Lviv Railway regional branch. The influence of the missed tonnage, radius of the curve, longitudinal slope, speed and increase of the outer rail on the lateral wear of the rail head was investigated. It is established that all factors are influential. But the most influential - the longitudinal slope, in second place - speed, in third place - the radius of the curve. The effect of the slope on the rise was greater than the effect of the slope on the descent 3.3 times. A multiparametric mathematical law is established, which reflects the process of lateral wear of the rail head depending on the operational factors. This function allows you to predict the amount of lateral wear of the rail. Significant deviation of actual wear from the calculated, called excessive wear. From the analysis of data of the regional branch "Lviv Railway" it follows that 40% of the curved sections of the track with excessive wear are located on the section Slavsko-Lavochne-Beskid-Volovets. During the Lavochne-Beskid 1629 km pk9 race on the odd track, the test section of the track was equipped with strain gauges and prognometers, which were installed in the places of the smallest and largest lateral wear. There was an increase of 34% in lateral force in the cars in front of the pusher locomotive. No exceedance was detected. Observations at the Lavochne-Beskid race showed that the rolling stock was moving at a speed of 35 km/h. Thus, the established speed of movement of freight trains makes 60 km / h and during calculations is accepted as the minimum freight. That is, there is an under-realization of speed. Calculations show that this reduces the service life of the rails by 38%. Metal ingots in the shape of a wheel crest and a rolling surface were also found in the track. These ingots, formed from scales and drops of metal, are formed as a result of excessive braking in the pass sections, which is a consequence of the heavy weight of the train and steep descents. The paper develops recommendations for the transportation process in areas of complex plan and profile.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL FACILITIES AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSPORTATION OF GRAIN CARGO IN UKRAINE BY LARGE TRANSPORT
Authors: О. В. МУРАДЯН
Published: August 2021

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the development of technologies and technical means of transportation of grain cargoes by rail in Ukraine. Methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of methods for analyzing the state of development of the processes of transportation of grain cargo in Ukraine and in other states, as well as analysis of literature sources, statistical reports on the export of grain, the state of railways. Results. The paper deals with the history of development and the problem of organizing cargo transportation to seaports by independent carriers. The needs for reducing the cost of transportation of grain cargo are determined. It has been established that when solving this issue, one should use the achievements of domestic scientists, as well as the know-how of advanced developed countries in the implementation of grain transportation. The study shows the potential for applying foreign experience, taking into account the peculiarities of the local specifics of the development of political and geographic conditions and the existing infrastructure. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it provides a study of methods for organizing the transportation of grain cargo by rail, used in the world and an analysis of the possibility of their application in Ukraine. Practical significance. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that it can be used for further research, development of a state development program and assistance to the agro-industrial industry of Ukraine, in the analysis of the construction of new elevators, the introduction of new transportation technologies, as well as for assessing the costs associated with various logistics schemes for grain delivery to seaports.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria for ventilator-associated pneumonia: a cohort study
Authors: Campos Caroline Gonçalves Pustiglione , Pacheco Aline , Gaspar Maria Dagmar da Rocha , Arcaro Guilherme , Reche Péricles Martim , Nadal Jessica Mendes , Farago Paulo Vitor
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the diagnostic criteria for ventilator-associated pneumonia recommended by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency and the National Healthcare Safety Network/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as its risk factors. Methods: retrospective cohort study carried out in an intensive care unit throughout 12 months, in 2017. Analyses included chi-square, simple linear regression, and Kappa statistical tests and were conducted using Stata 12 software. Results: the sample was 543 patients who were in the intensive care unit and under mechanical ventilation, of whom 330 (60.9%) were men and 213 (39.1%) were women. Variables such as gender, age, time under mechanical ventilation, and oral hygiene proved to be significant risk factors for the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Conclusions: patients submitted to mechanical ventilation need to be constantly evaluated so the used diagnostic methods can be accurate and applied in an objective and standardized way in Brazilian hospitals.
Quasi-Experimental study of effects of lighting on rest, activity and melatonin in postpartum women
Authors: Volcov Cristina Furtado , Pinheiro Eliana Moreira , Tsunemi Miriam Harumi , Amaral Fernanda Gaspar do , Avelar Ariane Ferreira Machado , Hocking Jennifer , Coca Kelly Pereira
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to compare the parameters of the activity/rest cycle of early postpartum breastfeeding women under a controlled and uncontrolled long wavelength ray light regimen. Methods: quasi-experimental study with breastfeeding women and their babies during postnatal rooming-in, São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were allocated to either an experimental (intervention) or a comparison group. The intervention involved exposure of the woman in a controlled room with artificial long wavelength ray light at night. Each woman’s level of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin at 24 hours and activity/rest times was analyzed. Results: the mean activity/rest times of women in the experimental and comparison groups were similar. The mean percentages of total load of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin during the day and night were similar (p=0.09). At 24 hours, the experimental group presented a significantly lower mean percentage of total load compared to the comparison group (p=0.04). Conclusions: women who stayed in the room with long-wavelength artificial light showed no difference in activity/rest and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels in the early postpartum period.
Delay in death reporting affects timely monitoring and modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Carvalho Carolina Abreu de , Carvalho Vitória Abreu de , Campos Marcos Adriano Garcia , Oliveira Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves de , Diniz Eduardo Moraes , Santos Alcione Miranda dos , Souza Bruno Feres de , Silva Antônio Augusto Moura da
Published: August 2021

This study describes the COVID-19 death reporting delay in the city of São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil, and shows its impact on timely monitoring and modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic, while seeking to ascertain how nowcasting can improve death reporting delay. We analyzed COVID-19 death data reported daily in the Epidemiological Bulletin of the State Health Secretariat of Maranhão and calculated the reporting delay from March 23 to August 29, 2020. A semi-mechanistic Bayesian hierarchical model was fitted to illustrate the impact of death reporting delay and test the effectiveness of a Bayesian Nowcasting in improving data quality. Only 17.8% of deaths were reported without delay or the day after, while 40.5% were reported more than 30 days late. Following an initial underestimation due to reporting delay, 644 deaths were reported from June 7 to August 29, although only 116 deaths occurred during this period. Using the Bayesian nowcasting technique partially improved the quality of mortality data during the peak of the pandemic, providing estimates that better matched the observed scenario in the city, becoming unusable nearly two months after the peak. As delay in death reporting can directly interfere with assertive and timely decision-making regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, the Brazilian epidemiological surveillance system must be urgently revised and notifying the date of death must be mandatory. Nowcasting has proven somewhat effective in improving the quality of mortality data, but only at the peak of the pandemic.