bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of UV shielding of bio-based superhydrophobic outdoor wood paint properties
Authors: Mashalavi Belgheis , Masoum Saeed
Published: August 2024

This study presents the development of a simple and cost-effective method for fabricating a superhydrophobic coating on wood surfaces. The resulting coating exhibited a high water contact angle of 160°, a low water slide angle of 6°, excellent durability, and effective UV shielding and resistance. In this research ZnO-TiO2 nanostructured material was prepared using the sol-gel method and incorporated into a paint mixture consisting of natural bio-based ingredients such as linseed oil and beeswax. This mixture, along with epoxy resin (E06) and hardener (5161), was applied to wood surface to enhance durability and provide a low surface free energy substance. Furthermore, the treated wood exhibited improved physical properties, including better UV shielding and resistance. The developed superhydrophobic coating paint is easy to apply and significantly increases the lifetime of wood. The superhydrophobic coating was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS).
Do pandemics influence food choice motives, diet, and health behaviors? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey in Pakistan during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Khan Rida , Tanweer Afifa , Iqbal Sanaullah
Published: August 2024

Background
COVID-19 has significanlty impacted the health and wellbeing of individuals by influencing the diet and lifestyle. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the dietary and health practices pre and post COVID-19 infection and to study the association of change in dietary and health practices with the change in food choice motives.
Methods
An online cross-sectional survey was conducted, and retrospective data was gathered from 259 recovered cases of COVID-19 aged 18–50 years in Pakistan. Survey questionnaire included socio-demographic information, adherence to Pakistan dietary guidelines, Breslow’s health practices and food choice motives.
Results
Dietary practices improved (0.17 ± 1.56), and health practices deteriorated (-0.18 ± 1.36) after COVID-19 infection. Importance of convenience, health, mood, natural content, weight control, familiarity and ethical concern while choosing food increased after suffering from COVID-19. Improvement in the dietary practices was correlated with the health practices (r = 0.32), convenience (r = 0.15), health concern (r = 0.16), mood (r = 0.18) and natural content of food (r = 0.15). Changes in the dietary practices were found to be negatively associated (p = 0.043, B=-0.145) with the price of food.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that food choice motives of Pakistani population have changed during COVID-19 and these changes were found to be related to the dietary and health practices.
A Meta-analysis Studying the Utility of Cryotherapy in the Prevention of Peripheral Neuropathy in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Paclitaxel and Nab-Paclitaxel.
Authors: Kumar Prashanth Ashok , Sampat Parth , Sandhu Michael , Kumar Vishnu Charan Suresh , Smith Abigail , Paulraj Shweta , Ghelani Ghanshyam , Huang Danning , Wang Dongliang , Sivapiragasam Abirami
Published: August 2024

Background
Cryotherapy with taxane infusion is a non-invasive strategy to prevent PN, but its efficacy is not proven
Methods
A systematic search was conducted, and 477 records were identified. The titles were screened independently by 2 reviewers. 14 were included for the meta-analysis using R package meta. Only studies that analyzed cryotherapy use in BC patients who received paclitaxel or nab-paclitaxel were included. Relative risk (RR) derived from random effects model was used to compare the occurrence of PN.
Results
Incidence of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade ≥ 2 PN was 24.85% (81/326) in the cryotherapy arm and 42.35% (72/170) in the placebo arm. Overall RR for CTCAE grade ≥ 2 PN with cryotherapy compared to placebo was 0.45 [0.27,0.77, p = 0.0031]. RR for sensory PN was 0.19 [0.05,0.66, p = 0.009] and for motor PN was 0.18 [0.03,0.99, p = 0.0491]. RR for Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire (PNQ) score ≥ D which connotes severe neuropathy was 0.24 [0.09,0.62, p = 0.0035]. Cold intolerance was the predominant adverse effect at 15% (37/247).
Conclusions
Use of cryotherapy decreased the occurrence of CTCAE grade ≥ 2 PN by 55%. Cold intolerance was the most frequently reported issue with its use but lead to relatively low discontinuation rates.
Progressive enhancement and restoration for mural images under low-light and defected conditions based on multi-receptive field strategy
Authors: Wei Xiameng , Fan Binbin , Wang Ying , Feng Yanxiang , Fu Laiyi
Published: August 2024

Ancient murals are valuable cultural heritage with great archaeological value. They provide insights into ancient religions, ceremonies, folklore, among other things through their content. However, due to long-term oxidation and inadequate protection, ancient murals have suffered continuous damage, including peeling and mold etc. Additionally, since ancient murals were typically painted indoors, the light intensity in images captured by digital devices is often low. The poor visibility hampers the further restoration of damaged areas. To address the escalating damage to ancient murals and facilitate batch restoration at archaeological sites, we propose a two-stage restoration model with automatic defect area detection strategy which called MER(Mural Enhancement and Restoration net) for ancient murals that are damaged and have been captured in low light. Our two-stage model not only enhances the visual quality of restored images but also achieves commendable results in relevant metric evaluations compared with other competitors. Furthermore, we have launched a website dedicated to the restoration of ancient mural paintings, utilizing the proposed model. Code is available at https://gitee.com/bbfan2024/MER.git.
Transcriptome and DNA Methylation Analysis of the Goat Pineal Gland During Puberty
Authors: Zhang Bochao , Xie Huihui , Qian Wei , Wu Jianling , Cui Jiankun , Zhu Genbao , Yi Qing , Pan Fuqiang , Fang Fugui , Ling Yinghui , Zhang Yunhai , Li Yunsheng , Liu Ya
Published: August 2024

Epigenetic regulation of gene transcription may play a critical role in the onset of puberty. Previous studies have confirmed that methylation regulates gene transcription in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis during puberty initiation, but little is known about the regulation of DNA methylation on gene expression in the pineal gland. This study aims to screen pineal gland candidate genes related to the onset of goat puberty and regulated by genome methylation to clarify the initiation mechanism of goat puberty and lay the foundation for improving goat reproductive performance. Pineal glands were collected from three female Anhui white goats during prepuberty (2.5 to 3.0 mo) and three during puberty (4.0 to 4.5 mo). Genome-wide hydrogen sulfite sequencing determined the DNA methylation profile, while RNA sequencing determined the transcriptome. The relationship between gene transcription and DNA methylation was determined by joint analysis. We found that there was no significant change in the whole-genome methylation level of the goat pineal gland before and after puberty, but the methylation pattern changed significantly, indicating that genomic DNA methylation of the pineal gland may be involved in regulating goat puberty initiation. Changes in DNA methylation patterns affected some pineal gland transcriptomes, while the transcriptional level of most genes was not affected by DNA methylation differences. Genes regulated by DNA methylation were mainly involved in metabolic processes, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and signaling pathways related to thermogenesis. The differentially expressed genes ATP5F1D, CACNB2, and PTEN were significantly regulated by methylation, and the fold changes in LIN28B, GIP, OPN1SW, and DCC were the most significant, possibly indicating involvement in puberty initiation.
Morphomolecular identification of two new isolates of Aspergillus niger, PP373715 (ITS) and PP596863 (BenA), in agroforestry systems in Buenaventura, Colombia
Authors: Arboleda-Riascos Carlos Emiro , Velásquez-Ortiz David , Asprilla Sebastián Mosquera , Segura Julio Geovanny Angulo , Cardona-Montoya José Omar , Obregon Claudia Melissa Murillo , Quiñonez–Candelo Elizabeth
Published: August 2024

A reliable diagnosis of Aspergillus species requires the use of an integrative taxonomy (macro, microscopic- and molecular-based analysis). In this research, the population of Aspergillus in agroforestry systems in Buenaventura (Colombia) was examined. The CYA and YES colonies had powdery surfaces, white areas and black pigmentation. The colony produces a colorless exudate, sclerotia are absent, and the reverse pigmentation is pale yellow. The radial folds are irregular. The micromorphology of the isolates revealed the presence of radiate conidial heads. Biseriate conidiophores. Hyaline, thick-walled, smooth stipes measuring 1482.59 ± 52.45 (759.97-1946.12) × 6.36 ± 1.25 (5.24–9.37) µm were used. Vesicles globose to subglobose, 45.25 ± 3.98 (38.51–56.37) × 38.54 ± 4.58 (33.54–52.83) µm. Metulae 11.42 ± 1.24 (9.83–13.59) x 2.50 ± 0.24 (2.29–2.74) µm, covering 100% of the head. Phialides ampulliform, 12.28 ± 0.84 (9.36–11.59) x 2.36 ± 0.21 (2.17–2.64) µm. Conidia globose, rough, 2.67 ± 0.43 (2.40–2.97) × 2.43 ± 0.35 (2.24–2.89) µm. Two DNA sequences were obtained from the study: one for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) segment (PP373715) and the other for the β-tubulin gene (PP596863). These sequences matched those of A. niger. ITS region and β-tubulin gene analyses revealed that the isolates were Aspergillus niger. This study presents the first sequences of this fungus in agroforestry systems in the study area (Buenaventura, Colombia). For species identification in the genus Aspergillus, the ITS region and the presence of the BenA gene are currently mandatory. The detection of A. niger in local agroforestry systems (AFSs) could enhance soil and ecosystem quality while reducing the reliance on pesticides. The secondary metabolites produced by this fungus could be employed in the agricultural industry to identify promising native species in the Colombian Pacific.
Stock Price Nowcasting and Forecasting with Deep Learning
Authors: Fan Chuanzhi , Zhang Xiang
Published: August 2024

Recent studies have improved stock price forecasting with the emerging deep learning models. Despite advancements in deep learning, stock price prediction faces significant challenges. Existing studies predominantly focus on forecasting future prices, with limited attention to nowcasting, which predicts current or near-future market states. Additionally, most methods use univariate data, neglecting the valuable interactions between multiple financial variables.
This study addresses these challenges by evaluating both forecasting and nowcasting approaches using deep learning. We incorporate multivariate inputs, including opening price, high, low, close, volume, inday-change and trend, to enhance the predictive power of our models. We implement and compare several deep learning methods: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), Convolutional Neural Networks combined with LSTM (CNN-LSTM), and the transformer-based Patch Time Series Transformer (PatchTST).
Our experimental results reveal that the standard LSTM model achieves superior performance compared to the more recent PatchTST and CNN-LSTM models. Specifically, models perform better in nowcasting scenarios, likely due to smaller price fluctuations over shorter periods. Furthermore, our analysis shows that including variables such as opening prices, highest prices, and lowest prices enhances predictive accuracy, whereas trading volume tends to reduce performance.
These findings suggest that deep learning models are more effective for real-time or near-term stock price prediction and highlight the importance of multivariate inputs in developing robust prediction models. This study provides valuable insights for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of stock price forecasts, with significant implications for financial analysts and investors.
AB0 and Rh Blood Groups as a Predictors of Infarct Etiology in Ischemic Stroke: Insights from a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Dikbas Husniye Aylin , Tonkaz Gokhan
Published: August 2024

Objective
AB0 blood group antigens has shown to be linked with coagulopathy. In this context, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between AB0 and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups with ischemic stroke on the basis of infarct etiology and trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) classification.
Methods
The population of this retrospective case-control study was consisted of 264 patients with ischemic stroke between January 2021 and December 2023. Patients’ stroke etiologies based on TOAST classification, serum biochemical data, brain and neck computed tomography angiograms, AB0 and Rh blood groups were obtained from their electronic medical records.
Results
We compared large vessel atherosclerosis (LVA) with all other etiologies in the TOAST classification. AB blood type was observed more frequently in patients with LVA than all other AB0 blood types combined (p = 0.049).
Conclusions
We observed stroke due to LVA more frequently in patients of advanced age and AB blood type compared to other patients. Our findings suggest that AB blood type may also be a risk factor in addition to known stroke risk factors.
Headaches and adolescents: why so many failures in their management
Authors: Cucchiaro Giovanni , Frye William
Published: August 2024

Background
The management of headaches in children and adolescents is still a challenge, with patients experiencing pain for years and polypharmacy.
Methods
We reviewed the medical history of 31 patients referred to our pain clinic for chronic headaches between April 2022 and March 2024.
Results
There were more female than male patients (73%). Patients have been reporting headaches for 52±44 months on average. Twenty-nine patients (94%) were experiencing different types of pain besides headaches. The most common medication prescribed in this group of patients was Topiramate (69%), followed by Tricyclic antidepressants (36%) and Triptans (21%). Patients had been prescribed and tried, on average, 4.5±2 (range 1-10) different medications to manage headaches and concomitant mood disorders. Twenty-two patients (71%) had been diagnosed with a mood disorder, including depression, anxiety, PTSD, and 14% had a history of attempted suicide/self-harm. Fourteen of them (64%) had been prescribed antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications. They had been prescribed, on average, 2±1 (range 1-4) mood stabilizer medications. We agreed with the referral diagnosis in 39% of the patients. We attributed the headaches to more complex chronic pain conditions, including fibromyalgia (15%) and AMPS (15%), autism with sensory integration problems (9%), and major depression (9%). Patients had seen an average of 3±1 (range 1-5) different specialists; none consulted a pain specialist. Patients underwent between 0 (12%) and 4 tests (6%), including MRI (52%) and CT of the brain (8%). These neuroimaging studies did not demonstrate any brain pathology. We prescribed new medications and treatments, including nerve blocks, in 19 (58%) patients. In 47% of the cases, patients reported improvement in their headaches, while 22% of the patients did not feel that our recommendations were effective. Twenty-one percent of patients never came back to the clinic for a follow-up. Significant catastrophizing was present in 57% of the patients, 76% of patients had mild to severe anxiety, and 81% had symptoms of depressive disorder.
Conclusions
Headaches are often the manifestation of more complex pain syndromes that require a more holistic approach, different from conventional pharmacological management
Surrounding Rock Control Technology of Entry Retained along Gob Side with Small Coal Pillar Based on Shaped Charge Blasting with Combined and Grouped of Deep and Shallow Holes
Authors: Li Lei , Yang Yuzhong , Wu LiYun , Zhang Weiyu , Yang Wanli , Zhai Yaowei
Published: August 2024

In order to effectively control the large deformation of coal pillar and roadway while entry retained along gob side with small coal pillar, taking 1311 and 1312 working face of a coal mine in Shanxi Province as engineering background, the structural characteristics of overlying rock of entry retained along gob side with small coal pillar are studied comprehensively by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and industrial test, and the stress source of entry retained along gob side with small coal pillar and the principle of roof cutting and pressure relief by shaped charge blasting with combined and grouped of deep and shallow holes are analyzed, then the roof cutting and pressure relief technology of shaped charge blasting with combined and grouped of deep and shallow holes and the cooperative control scheme of small coal pillar are put forward. Combined with the geological conditions of 1311 working face, through the calculation of caving zone and crack zone height of working face, the analysis of roof breaking and instability conditions and the calculation of crack zone radius during blasting, the key parameters of roof cutting by deep and shallow hole combined blasting are determined. Through the numerical simulation and analysis of roof cutting and pressure relief of different key stratum, the vertical stress in small coal pillar under different foor cutting height is as follows: uncut roof > only cut layer 2 > only cut layer 1 > cut layer 3 + partial layer 2 > cut layer 1 ~ 3; on this basis, a cooperative control scheme of "roof cutting and pressure relief by shaped charge blasting with combined and grouped of deep and shallow holes" + "anchor-cable combined support" + "coal pillar strengthened" is put forward. The field industrial test results show that the control effect of small coal pillar and roadway surrounding rock is good.
Smoking and E-cigarette Use in Young Adults with Disabilities
Authors: Hanafin Joan , Sunday Salome , Shevlin Michael , Clancy Luke
Published: August 2024

Background: Tobacco use is strongly associated with social and health inequalities, being linked with economic vulnerability, morbidity and premature death. Young adults with disabilities face pervasive social and material hardship, inequalities that are potentially exacerbated by tobacco use. Relatively little is known about smoking and even less about e-cigarette-use in this young adult population. In this study, we report on protective and risk factors for smoking and e-cigarette use in Irish 20-year-olds with disabilities other than mental health conditions.
Methods: We use data from Wave 4 of the longitudinal Growing Up in Ireland Cohort ’98, when participants were 20 years old (n=4,729). Current smoking and e-cigarette use were measured by whether participants reported “occasional” or “daily” use. Disability was measured by whether respondents reported having one or more long-lasting health conditions or difficulties (vision; hearing; physical; intellectual; learning; pain or breathing). All analyses were carried out using SPSS version 27.
Results: Some 18% of 20-year-olds report having a disability. Bivariate and multivariable analyses show that disability is associated with significantly increased prevalence of smoking and e-cigarette use. Logistic regression analyses suggest that young men, starting smoking before age 16 and those in paid employment are at increased risk of smoking and e-cigarette use. In multivariate modelling, having a disability remains a separate and significant risk factor for smoking and e-cigarette use.
Conclusion: Smoking and e-cigarette use is significantly higher in 20-year-olds with disabilities adding further inequality to the lives of these rarely-surveyed young adults. Targeted surveys and interventions are required.
Exploring the Relationship Between Morphea and Malignancy: A Decade-Long Single- Center Study of 204 Patients
Authors: Lyakhovitsky Keren , Damiani Giovanni , Mimouni Daniel , Aronovich Anna
Published: August 2024

The association between systemic scleroderma and malignancy is well-documented, but there is limited data on the relationship between morphea and malignancy. This study aims to assess the incidence and types of malignancies in morphea patients, comparing demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes between those with and without malignancy. We conducted a retrospective study of 204 morphea patients treated at Rabin Medical Center between 2012 and 2023. Data on demographics, clinical subtypes, comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes were collected. Patients were categorized based on malignancy status and the timing of malignancy relative to their morphea diagnosis. Among the 204 patients (154 women and 50 men, mean age 53.7 ± 20 years), 47 (23%) developed malignancies. In 29 patients (61.7%), malignancy occurred before the onset of morphea; in 23 patients (48.9%), it occurred after morphea. Five patients (10.6%) had malignancies both before and after the diagnosis of morphea. Patients with malignancy were significantly older than those without (64.7 ± 15.1 years vs. 50.3 ± 20 years, p < 0.0001). The all-cause mortality rate was higher in the malignancy group compared to those without malignancy (23.4% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.00002). Moreover, mortality was higher in patients whose malignancy occurred after morphea than in those whose malignancy preceded morphea (26% vs. 17.2%). The most common post-morphea malignancies included non-melanoma skin cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer. The most common pre-morphea malignancies included breast cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, and testicular cancer. This study highlights a bidirectional link between morphea and malignancies, influenced by patient age, sequence of diagnosis, and treatment regimens. Vigilant monitoring for malignancy, early detection, and effective management strategies are crucial for improving outcomes in morphea patients.
WITHDRAWN: Adaptive, Centralized and Combined Load Shedding Scheme to Improve Power System Stability
Authors: Mehrabi Kazem , Farhadi-Kangarlu Mohammad , Toosi Behrooz
Published: August 2024

Voltage and frequency collapses represent one of the main issues in power systems. Various corrective equipment is used to maintain the stability of the system and prevent its collapse. Load shedding is the last resort and method of maintaining stability in power systems. Frequency and voltage load-shedding programs are usually considered independent of each other. Investigating and analyzing instabilities separately is not reasonable, and in most events, instabilities are interrelated. Therefore, a new combined load-shedding scheme is proposed using wide-area measurement units. The new proposed scheme considers the types of instability of voltage and frequency and shows the mutual effect of these parameters on the instability of the power system. According to the data sent by wide area measurement systems from different areas of the network to the control center, a suitable adaptive load-shedding program is applied. The proposed scheme is simulated in a real network and its results will be evaluated and compared with other schemes.
Confidence in Comparing Two Models with F1 Measure Based on Block-regularized m x 2 Cross Validation
Authors: Xue Yan , Wang Yu , Yang Xingli , Li Jihong
Published: August 2024

In the task of comparing two models, evaluating the confidence of a model outperforming another one in terms of F1 measure is a challenging problem from a probability perspective. Existing works used the distributions of the averaged cross-validated estimators of F1 measure over confusion matrices to induce different estimators of the confidence. However, such estimators of the confidence frequently possess inherent biases because of the deviation of the distributions of the averaged cross-validated estimators. To overcome the weakness, in this study, a voted confusion matrix is obtained through aggregating m models in a block-regularized m x 2 cross validation with a majority-vote technique. Over the voted confusion matrix, an accurate distribution of the estimator of F1 measure and a novel estimator of the confidence are developed. Several theoretical results are obtained. (a) The confidence is controlled by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the estimator of F1 measure; (b) a higher value of the SNR probably indicates a better confidence; and (c) the SNR of the voted estimator increases with an increasing m and reaches an upper bound when m tends to infinity. Finally, extensive simulated and real-world experiments are conducted to verify the validity of the proposed method.
TDFIF-Net: Two-dimensional feature interaction fusion network for digital core images
Authors: Zhang Yubo , Han Chao , Xu Lei , Bi Junhao , Kong Haihua , Xiang Haibin
Published: August 2024

In the super-resolution(SR) reconstruction of digital core images for geological exploration, existing network models are limited to pass through a single dimension, and this limitation hinders the detailed structural analysis of the core, including pores and cracks, and makes it difficult to comprehensively capture the deep information of the core images. To solve the above problems, we propose a two-dimensional depth-based super-resolution reconstruction network for digital core images, which combines a bi-dimensional depth feature extraction unit (BDFM), discarding the traditional approach of feature extraction only from a single dimension, and instead exploring the deeper features of the core image from both spatial and channel dimensions simultaneously to take advantage of the complementary strengths of the two and achieve a more comprehensive feature interaction . In addition, we have designed a dual-domain synergistic enhancement (DDS) module, which effectively avoids the feature loss problem in the feature transfer process and accurately transfers feature information. Through extensive experimental validation on sandstone and carbonate datasets, our proposed model significantly outperforms the existing network models in terms of super-resolution reconstruction effect, with PSNRs of 30.3087 dB and 25.8508 dB on X4 scale for sandstone 2D and carbonate 2D datasets, respectively.This innovation not only provides accurate image support for geological exploration, but also contributes new deep learning solutions to the image super-resolution reconstruction field by contributing new deep learning solutions.The code is available at https://figshare.com/article/software/TDFIF-Net/256033614
Highly Accurate Rock Simulation System Based on Gas-Liquid Coupling Mechanism with Non- Harmonic Impact of Variable Stiffness and Damping Characteristics
Authors: Chang Siyuan , Li Yelin , Ye Min , Ma Yuchuan , Zhang Jiale
Published: August 2024

The rock simulation system is of great significance for the development of high-frequency high-power hydraulic rock drills. It can simulate different rock drilling conditions in specific environments and observe the drilling effects under multi-scale conditions. This paper proposes a multi-stage adjustable rock simulation system with variable stiffness and damping. Firstly, based on the Kelvin rock theory, a rock vibration model under non-harmonic excitation is established. Combining the characteristics of adaptive oil-gas suspension rigidity locking, the rock simulation system and rock drilling impact system are designed. A nonlinear stiffness and damping model of the simulation system is established based on fluid mechanics theory. The drilling dynamic characteristics of the simulation system are studied using Amesim software, and nonlinear stiffness and damping curves of granite and the simulation system are drawn according to the dynamic parameters of rock drilling. Secondly, a drop hammer calibration experiment and an impact rock drilling experiment of the simulation system are designed. Finally, the nonlinear stiffness and damping characteristics of the simulation system in actual rock drilling are studied, and the validity of the simulation model is verified. The method proposed uses hydraulic oil as the supporting medium and nitrogen as the elastic medium, effectively addressing the challenge of detecting the impact characteristics of rock drills under specific operating conditions. Simulation results indicate that as the stiffness of granite and the simulation system decreases, the drilling displacement increases, while increasing damping coefficients lead to smaller drilling displacements. Experimental results demonstrate that the stiffness-damping error between the simulation system and granite does not exceed 10%. And the movement frequency of the simulation system's hydraulic cylinder is closely aligned with the impact frequency of the rock drill.
Network pharmacology-based investigation of potential mechanism of Triptolide against Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Chen Bing , Shen Qian , Shen Jie , Xie Hongyang , Wang Yiping , Lou Hongkan
Published: August 2024

Objective This study aimed to explore the mechanism of triptolide (TPL) in the treatment of thyroid cancer (TC).Methods The targets of TPL in TC were collected from databases. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the common targets of TPL and TC. Enrichment analysis was performed using the DAVID database. The effects of TPL on cell activity, apoptosis, and cell cycle were assessed using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was conducted to measure the levels of caspase 3, caspase 7, PCNA, ki67, cleaved caspase 7, cleaved caspase 3, and p-P53. RT-PCR was used to measure TP53 mRNA levels.Results The protein-protein interaction network revealed 8 potential targets for TPL in TC treatment. Enrichment analysis indicated that TPL mainly involved in cell apoptosis, proliferation, and inflammation response. In vitro studies showed that TPL inhibited K1 cell activity, down-regulated PCNA and ki67 levels, and up-regulated caspase 3, caspase 7, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 7, p-P53 protein expressions, and TP53 mRNA levels. TPL also promoted K1 cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle at the G2/M and S phase.Conclusion TPL exhibits antitumor effects on K1 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing cell apoptosis, and disrupting cell cycle.
Study of dopant concentration effect on the physical properties of spin coated anatase TiO 2 :Al 3+ thin films
Authors: Chala Saadia , Saidi Hanane , Derbali Ammar , Attaf Abdellah , Aida Mohamed Saleh , Guettaf Amel , Messemeche Radhia , Benkhetta Okba , Attaf Nadhir
Published: August 2024

In this work, transparent undoped and Al-doped TiO2thin films have been deposited on heated glass substratesthrough spin coating sol-gel processingtechnique.PristineTiO2and Al-doped TiO2thin filmswere synthesized with different Al doping ratio ranged from 0 to 6%.The influence of Al doping on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of TiO2thin films have been investigated.The synthesized samples were characterization via various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and four-point probe measurement, respectively. The XRD analysis pattern confirms the existence of the anatase TiO2 phases with preferred orientation along the (101) direction. Furthermore, as the Al doping concentration increases, the crystallite size firstly decreased from 20.3 to 15.7 nm and then increased from 15.7 to 19.8 nm. The surface morphology analysis of the deposited Al:TiO2 thin films reveals the homogenous distribution of condensed spherical shape particles and agglomerates small grains on glass substrate surface. Moreover, the optical analyses exhibit that the films have a high transmittance in the visible range reach to 87%. Moreover, the addition of Aluminum (Al) is found that film’s optical band gap varies in the range from 3.64 to 3.73 eV. In addition, according to FTIR spectra confirmed the successfully formation of the TiO2 phase in all samples. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra analysis shows the distinguishable emission peaks located in the ultraviolet and visible regions for all samples. The films electrical resistivity showed an apparent dependence on Al content, which substantially decreases with the increasing Al concentration from 9.5×10− 2 to 9×10− 3 Ω.cm.
The haplotype-resolved telomere-to-telomere genome and OMICS analyses reveal the genetic responses of tapping in rubber tree
Authors: Cheng Han , Li Chaochao , Yuan Yuan , Wang Zhiyuan , Nie Zhiyi , Wu Tingkai , Qiao Jiangxia , Deng Zhi , Wang Xiaobo , Xu Dong , Wang Xu , Cao Shuo , Li Bingqin , An Zewei , Wu Wenguan , Jin Zhongxin , Huang Huasun , Hu Wei , Huang Sanwen , Zhou Yongfeng
Published: August 2024

Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), as the primary source of natural rubber (NR), holds a significant economic significance. The high-quality genome has been long pursued to understand the rubber production process, genomic structure, and genomics-assisted breeding. Here, we assemble the first haplotype-resolved telomere-to-telomere (T2T), gap-free reference genome for rubber tree (CATAS 7-33-97). Two haplotypes (both 1.56 Gb) reveal all telomere and most centromeric regions. A dramatic amount of variations exist between the two haplotypes, including a 32.71 Mb inversion (sv33M) on chromosome 8. Complete assemblies of all 36 chromosomes enabled the exhaustive identification of rubber biosynthesis genes and the revealing of consistent allele specific expression (ASE) profiles. The reconstruction of the natural rubber biosynthesis pathway through transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling unraveled that mevalonate and its derivatives serve as the major carbon reservoir for quick latex replenishment during tapping. Jasmonic acid (JA) was crucial for the consecutive tapping-dependent rubber yield increment by responding to mechanic injuries, and by elevating rubber biosynthesis activity. Finally, we proposed a model of rubber tree's response to tapping, in which JA levels increased after mechanical damage. Subsequently, MYC2 in the JA signaling pathway stimulated the expression of MVK1 gene and the synthesis of mevalonic acid (MVA), enhancing rubber biosynthesis. The assembly of the haplotype-resolved T2T genome is a major step forward to understanding the complexity of the rubber biosynthesis mechanism in latex-producing plants, accelerating rubber tree genetic improvement.
Oxygen-Vacancies-Mediated BrO3- Electroreduction: Positively Charged Microenvironment Enables Directional Diffusion and Spontaneous Adsorption
Authors: Zeng Huabin , Huang Xiangbin , Cheng Yue , Luo Zhipeng , Zheng Ruiqi , Zhao Yangying , Farissi Salman , Liu Rui , Zhang Gong , Yu Xin
Published: August 2024

Ozonation can disinfect the drinking water without producing chlorinated byproducts, but bromate (BrO3−) emerges as a carcinogenic by-product. Although the electroreduction could theoretically convert BrO3− into non-toxic bromide (Br−), the detoxification process was hindered by the electrostatic repulsion of BrO3− from the negatively charged cathode. In this work, a commercial Fe foam was employed for electrochemically reducing 1.0 mg/L BrO3− via direct electron transfer mechanism (k1, 0.7796 min− 1), during which microcrystalline magnetite (Fe3O4) was in-situ generated with abundant oxygen vacancies (Ovs). The Ovs could shape neighboring Fe2+ atoms into positively charged microenvironment for accelerating the directional diffusion of BrO3− toward themselves. Compared to negatively charged surface, the positive microenvironment could enhance the BrO3− diffusion with coefficient change from 0.0059 m2/s to 0.0387 m2/s. Furthermore, Ovs activated the neighboring Fe2+ atom into a highly active site for BrO3− adsorption with an adsorption energy (Eads) of 4.21 eV, in comparison to the energy-demanding adsorption on intact Fe3O4 lattice (Eads, -2.17 eV). Afterwards, BrO3− underwent complete detoxification through sequential deoxygenation, with Ovs assisting throughout the whole process from BrO3− to Br−. By the in-situ defect engineering, the research pointed out a high-efficient approach to create positively charged microenvironment for enhancing oxyanion electroreduction.
Sensing multi-directional forces at superresolution using taxel value isoline theory
Authors: Sun Huanbo , Spiers Adam , Lee Hyosang , Fiene Jonathan , Martius Georg
Published: August 2024

Robots can benefit from a good sense of touch to perceive their interaction with the world. However, contacts are complex phenomena that involve tactile sensing devices, contact objects, and the complex directional (normal and shear) force motions in-between. To advance tactile sensor research, we propose a comprehensive theory that unites these components, providing insights for sensor designs, explaining performance drops due to shear forces, and suggesting application scenarios with various contact objects. Our theory, based on sensor isolines, achieves superresolution sensing performance using only a few sensing units, avoiding the need for dense layouts. Through analysis of the sensor perception field and force sensitivity from a structural perspective, along with the influences of contact object sizes, we also explore the effects of different force directions: normal, tangential shear, and radial shear forces. The theoretical model covers all these aspects and predicts a system-level inherent accuracy loss introduced by shear forces compared to pure normal forces. To validate our theory, we developed Barodome, a 3D sensor capable of predicting contact locations and decoupling shear forces from normal forces. The sensor's performance confirms the significant impact of shear forces on performance, alongside normal forces. The observed 0.5 mm drop in the real sensor's performance (normal and shear forces) closely matches the theoretical prediction of 0.33 mm. Overall, our theory offers valuable guidance for future tactile sensor designs, informing various design choices and enhancing the development of advanced robotic touch systems.
Single-nucleus multiome analysis of human cerebellum in Alzheimer’s disease-related dementia
Authors: Cheng Feixiong , Feng Yayan , Flanagan Margaret , Bonakdarpour Borna , Jamshidi Pouya , Castellani Rudolph , Mao Qinwen , Chu Xiaona , Gao Hongyu , Liu Yunlong , Xu Jielin , Hou Yuan , Martin William , Nelson Peter , Leverenz James , Pieper Andrew , Cummings Jeffrey
Published: August 2024

Although human cerebellum is known to be neuropathologically impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD), the cell type-specific transcriptional and epigenomic changes that contribute to this pathology are not well understood. Here, we report single-nucleus multiome (snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq) analysis of 103,861 nuclei isolated from cerebellum from 9 human cases of AD/ADRD and 8 controls, and with frontal cortex of 6 AD donors for additional comparison. Using peak-to-gene linkage analysis, we identified 431,834 significant linkages between gene expression and cell subtype-specific chromatin accessibility regions enriched for candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs). These cCREs were associated with AD/ADRD-specific transcriptomic changes and disease-related gene regulatory networks, especially for RAR Related Orphan Receptor A (RORA) and E74 Like ETS Transcription Factor 1 (ELF1) in cerebellar Purkinje cells and granule cells, respectively. Trajectory analysis of granule cell populations further identified disease-relevant transcription factors, such as RORA, and their regulatory targets. Finally, we prioritized two likely causal genes, including Seizure Related 6 Homolog Like 2 (SEZ6L2) in Purkinje cells and KAT8 Regulatory NSL Complex Subunit 1 (KANSL1) in granule cells, through integrative analysis of cCREs derived from snATAC-seq, genome-wide AD/ADRD loci, and Hi-C looping data. This first cell subtype-specific regulatory landscape in the human cerebellum identified here offer novel genomic and epigenomic insights into the neuropathology and pathobiology of AD/ADRD and other neurological disorders if broadly applied.
Young persons’ experiences of inpatient care when presenting with self-harm
Authors: Potgieter Francois , Martin Peter
Published: August 2024

In the UK, self-harm is a major healthcare problem. Self-harm is an especially common behaviour in young people admitted to psychiatric inpatient care and is one of the primary reasons for presenting to hospital. The management and treatment of self-harming behaviours can be challenging, and few treatment guidelines are available for inpatient settings. Poor understanding of self-harm and how to manage it effectively is likely to lead to staff feeling hopeless and helpless, but also to reduced support for the young people under their care. The current study constitutes an attempt to build on what is known by exploring young people’s reports on their experiences of inpatient treatment when presenting with self-harm. A grounded theory methodology was used to analyse the data. There were two key study aims which were: to obtain young people’s reports on their experiences of inpatient care when presenting with self-harm; and to integrate these views into a grounded theory that would serve as a model for understanding features of young persons’ experiences of inpatient care when presenting with self-harm. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at two NHS inpatient units supporting young people with mental health difficulties. Analysis of these interviews was done in accordance with grounded theory. Two core concepts of humanness and restriction emerged from the data which contribute to the construction of meaning and understanding. Service implications and recommendations highlight the need for improved understanding, maintaining relationships and continued connection during admissions. The methodology contributed to developing a rich and detailed understanding of young persons’ experiences of inpatient care when presenting with self-harm.
Double Refractive Particle Tracking and Sizing
Authors: König Jörg , Cierpka Christian
Published: August 2024

We present a novel bifocal imaging method enabling three-dimensional particle tracking and size determination employing a single camera only. The method is based on double refraction causing a particle to be imaged twice, each particle image of different blur. From these double images, a linear calibration function can be derived allowing to determine the three-dimensional particle position unambiguously over the entire depth of measurement volume. As this calibration function is independent of the particle size used, the particle size can be determined simultaneously by relating size of the double images and depth position of the particle. To prove the applicability, a co-laminar flow of two particle suspensions with particles of 1.14 μm and 2.47 μm in diameter was measured in a Y-shaped micro channel. While the laminar flow field was measured with very low uncertainty and independent of the particle size, the particle size distributions determined reproduced reliably the size distributions expected for the co-laminar flow applied, with a precision of about 98.6% regarding the particle size discrimination. The progress for research is a new method readily to implement in common optical setups, promising for example valuable insights in polydisperse suspension flows - the vast majority of flows in fundamental research and applications.
Psychosocial Factors in Evidence-based Management Interventions and Policymaking: The COPSOQ III Greek Validation Study
Authors: Kotsakis Aristomenis , Avraam Demetris , Malliarou Maria , Soteriades Elpidoforos S. , Halkiopoulos Constantinos , Galanakis Michael , Sfakianakis Michael
Published: August 2024

Background: For the past two decades, the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) has been established as a valid instrument to measure psychosocial stress at work. Nowadays, the COPSOQ international network is responsible for the monitoring and improvement of COPSOQ. 2019, a new questionnaire was published, and the Greek version is now being validated.
Methods: Measurement qualities of the Greek COPSOQ III have been explored in adherence to the usual requirements of a validation study as defined by DIN EN ISO 10075-3. A sample of observations from 2.189 participants surveyed with the COPSOQ in Greece was used to validate the current version with appropriate statistical analyses. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess statistical relations for many scales.
Results: With its 108 items and 40 scales, the Greek COPSOQ III includes all psychosocial work factors that have been internationally validated and remain compatible with about 72% of the COPSOQ III German version content. Beyond primary results, congruence with widely used theoretical approaches like the Demand-Control(−Support) model (DCM) or the Job Demands-Resources model (JDR) is generally satisfactory. In summary, our validation study for the Greek COPSOQ III version showed adequate reliability and validity, which is in line with the COPSOQ III questionnaire from other European countries, and it is also compatible with the validation of the German COPSOQ III (Lincke, 2021). Our regression analysis showed that the 34 psychosocial work factors (34 “context” scales) could adequately predict the scores of the satisfactory and health scales (6 “outcome” scales). The analysis also indicated the top five (5) predictors (context variables) for each of the six (6) “effect” scales (outcome variables).
Conclusions: With the launch of COPSOQ III in Greece, current and new workplace psychosocial aspects could be explored. COPSOQ III(GR) is a beneficial instrument for enterprise research and risk assessment.
Surgical Management of Post-Corrosive Gastric Outlet Obstruction: Outcome Assessment in Adults and Pediatric Patients in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Shuwail Anas Mohammed , Al-Amry Ali Lotf , Obadiel Yasser Abdurabo , Alsurmi Mohammed Mohammed , Al-Hubaishi Jalal Mohammed , Al-Dhubaibi Afaf Mohammed , Jowah Haitham Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Purpose:To evaluate the outcomes of surgical treatment in adult and pediatric patients with postcorrosive gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) in Yemen.
Patients and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, from January 1, 2019, to January 31, 2023. The study included 77 patients, including both adults and children, who were admitted for surgical treatment of postcorrosive GOO. Data was collected from medical records, patient interviews, and follow-up visits.
Results: Among the 77 patients, 77% (n=59) were pediatric patients and 23% (n=18) were adults. The mean age of the cohort was 10.6 years, with an average age of 4.12 years for pediatric patients and 30.8 years for adults. Accidental ingestion of acidic substances was the primary cause of postcorrosive GOO (97% of cases). Universal symptoms at presentation included vomiting, early satiety, and weight loss. Definitive surgery was performed in one stage in 95% of patients, with Mikulicz pyloroplasty being the most common procedure (82%) in pediatric cases, whereas gastrojejunostomy was mainly used in adults (67%). Postoperative complications occurred in 22% of patients, with vomiting, wound infection, and aspiration pneumonia being the most common. Anastomotic restricture occurred in two pediatric patients who required reoperation. The overall mortality rate in one pediatric patient was 1.3%. Improvement in GOO symptoms were observed in 96% of patients. Pediatric patients had a longer median hospital stay (6.5 days) than adult patients (6 days).
Conclusion: Corrosive injuries, particularly in the pediatric population, are a significant issue in Yemen due to the unsafe storage of sulfuric acid. Early surgical intervention within 4 weeks after ingestion is recommended to prevent weight loss and prolong hospitalization. Further research and interventions are needed to prevent such injuries, improve public awareness, and regulate the sale and storage of corrosive substances.