bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness of Osteoarthritis Among General Population in Sudair, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazi Fehaid , Alhokel Khalid Hamed , Alsaadoon Saleh Asaad , Almutairi Abdulrahman Jaser , Alshammary Faisal Hassan , Alqabbani Abdulrahman Ali , Kutbi Hind Asim , Sami Waqas
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disorder and the most common form of arthritis. OA leads to the breakdown of tissues and cartilage and the loss of combined function, causing symptoms of pain, stiffness, reduced physical function and limited movement. Incidence rates vary according to region and ethnicity.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study involving the general population of Sudair was conducted to assess the awareness and knowledge levels of OA from June to December 2020. In all, 387 residents participated, and data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Data were analysed by SPSS, and appropriate statistical tests such as One-sample t-test, Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were applied for quantitative and qualitative variables.

Results:

Almost 80% of the sample belonged to the age group of 18–50 years. More than 50% were men. Overall, 199 (51.42%) participants had moderate knowledge of OA, 134 (34.63%) had poor knowledge, and only 14% had adequate knowledge. Men had significantly poorer knowledge than women (P = 0.018). Participants with a previous history and family history of OA had significantly more knowledge than the healthy participants with previous experience of OA (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The majority of the participants who lived in Sudair had moderate knowledge of OA. Previous knowledge of OA because of previous diagnosis or family history of OA led to improved awareness of OA.
An Adaptive Approach to Detection of Dermatoglyphic Patterns of Bangladeshi People With Down Syndrome Using Fingerprint Classification
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Monir , Ashrafuzzaman Mohammad , Jahan Iffat , Lugova Halyna , Samad Nandeeta , Das Pranta , Haque Mainul
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Dermatoglyphics is studying the patterns of the ridged skin of the palms, fingers, soles and toes. The patterns are formed early in the foetus. This study was designed to observe dermatoglyphic changes amongst the Down syndrome patients and compare the change with the typical healthy research participants.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional observational analytical study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Chittagong Medical College (CMC), Chattogram, from January 2018 to January 2019. A total of 200 participants were included by convenient sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. One hundred Down syndrome patients were recruited in the study group from different Down syndrome society organisations in Bangladesh. One hundred other medical science and dental background students studying at CMC were selected as controls irrespective of sex. Dermatoglyphic print was taken by the ink and paper method. The detailed dermatoglyphic analysis was done by using a magnifying glass, calculator and scale. A two-sample proportion test has been conducted to compare the proportion of fingerprint patterns of whorls, ulnar loops, radial loops and arches of both hands in the Down syndrome patient and control groups. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the prediction of fingerprint pattern from the presence of Down syndrome and gender.

Results:

It is observed that the ulnar loop is more prominent in both hands of Down syndrome patients than in the control group irrespective of sex (P < 0.001), while arch and whorl patterns are more prominent in controls than in Down syndrome patients (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

It is revealed that there were significant differences in fingertip print patterns between Down syndrome patients and healthy controls. Hence, it can be used as a diagnostic aid for the Down syndrome patient.
Effect of mouthrinses and repolishing on color stability of hybrid nanoceramic computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing material
Authors: Saglam Gaye , Cengiz Seda
Published: September 2021

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different two mouthrinses and repolishing on the color stability of hybrid nanoceramic computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) material.

Materials and Methods

Thirty specimens with dimensions of 1.5 × 12 × 12 mm3 were prepared from Cerasmart CAD/CAM blocks and divided into three groups according to the immersion solutions; distilled water, Oral B, and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) for 2 min, twice for a day. Initial, 7th day, 14th day, and following repolishing color values were measured with a dental spectrophotometer according to the CIELab system and color changes were calculated (ΔE). Data were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results

Oral B and CHX groups showed significantly higher ΔE values than control groups (P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were found between Oral B and CHX in both ΔE measurements (P ≥ 0.05). There were no significant differences among the 7th day, 14th day, and after repolishing color changes in control and CHX groups (P ≥ 0.05). However, color change after repolishing was significantly less than the 14th day color change (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

Oral B and CHX caused discoloration on the CAD/CAM restorative material in clinically acceptable limits. Repolishing could provide a significant change only after 14 days of use Oral B.
The Mechanism of Panax Notoginseng in the Treatment of Heart Failure Based on Biological Analysis
Authors: Peng Lei , Ma Lin , Jiang Qian-Qian , Tian Xue , Shao Ming-Yan , Li Chang-Xiang , Sun Xiao-Qian , Ma Xiao , Chen Xu , Li Chun
Published: September 2021

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Panax notoginseng (PNS) in the treatment of heart failure (HF) based on network pharmacology analysis combined with experimental verification.

Materials and Methods:

The potential targets and key pathways of effective components of PNS in the treatment of HF were revealed using network pharmacology. The postacute myocardial infarction (MI) HF rat model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. The rats were divided into three groups: model, PNS, and fenofibrate groups. PNS (0.75 g/kg) and fenofibrate (10 mg/kg) were administered for 28 days. The efficacy and target mechanism of PNS in the treatment of HF were verified by cardiac ultrasound, Masson staining, and western blotting (WB) techniques.

Results:

The results of network pharmacology showed that seven potentially active compounds, such as quercetin, were obtained, involving 105 targets of HF; GO function was enriched to 1240 items; and KEGG enrichment covered 1240 signal pathways. The results of echocardiography showed that EF and FS of HF rats after MI were significantly increased, while Left ventricular internal dimension diastole (LVIDd) and Left ventricular internal dimension systole (LVIDs) were significantly decreased (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). Masson staining showed that PNS could reduce the degree of myocardial fibrosis (MF) in HF. The results of WB showed that PNS could reduce the expression of the p-p38-MAPK, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and Smad3 in HF rats.

Conclusion:

PNS inhibited MF and treated HF by regulating p-p38 MAPK-TGF-β pathway, which lays a theoretical foundation for further study of its pharmacological mechanism and key target.
Cordial Cold War:Cultural Actors in India and the German Democratic Republic
Authors: Bajpai Anandita
Published: September 2021

Cordial Cold War examines cultural entanglements, in various forms, between two distant yet interconnected sites of the Cold War—India and the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Focusing on theatre performances, film festivals, newsreels, travel literature, radio broadcasting, cartography and art as sites of engagement, the chapters spotlight spaces of interaction that emerged in spite of, and within, the ambits of Cold War constraints. The inter-disciplinary collection sheds light on the variegated nature of translocal cultural entanglements, at work even before the GDR was officially recognized as a sovereign state by India in 1972. By foregrounding the role of actors, their practices and the sites of their entanglement, the contributions show how creative energies were mobilized to forge zones of friendship, mutual interest and envisioned solidarities. This volume situates actors from the Global South as mutual co-shapers of the cultural Cold War, therein shifting its Euro-American and Soviet epicenters to Non-Aligned India. Going beyond official state channels of international political dialogue, it locates cordiality in the micro-histories and everyday experiences of interpersonal engagements, bringing to focus a hitherto underexplored chapter of India–Germany entanglements. Anandita Bajpai is a Research Fellow at Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient, Berlin.
Evaluation of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Dosing and Monitoring in Two Geriatric Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Howerton Michelle A. , Suhrie Erin M. , Gennari Amelia S. , Jones Nancy , Ruby Christine M.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) prescribed to elderly patients in an outpatient setting, specifically evaluating if Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -approved dosing recommendations are followed.
 DESIGN: This
study was a retrospective quality improvement project.
 SETTING: This study was conducted at geriatric hospital-based primary care clinics at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), UPMC Senior Care Institute and UPMC Benedum Geriatric Center.
 PATIENTS:
Subjects included were 65 years of age or older; had an office visit at UPMC Senior Care Institute or UPMC Benedum Geriatric Center from September 1, 2015, to August 31, 2017; and had a DOAC on their home medications.
 INTERVENTIONS: Data were obtained through retrospective
chart review.
 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the appropriateness of dosing of DOACs based on FDA-labeled recommendations.
 RESULTS: Of 232 patients included in analysis, 42.7% were found to have dosing inconsistent
with FDAlabeled recommendations (47.3% apixaban, 35.8% rivaroxaban, and 31.6% dabigatran). No patients were prescribed edoxaban. The majority (72.7%) were dosed lower than FDA-recommended doses. Of all patients, the most frequent parameter (54.5%) for inappropriate dosing was patients meeting
only 1 of 3 dose-reduction criteria when prescribed reduced-dose apixaban. Geriatrician and nongeriatrician prescribers had similar rates of prescribing DOACs with doses inconsistent with FDA-labeled recommendations (44.0% vs. 40.8%; P = 0.62).
 CONCLUSION: Results
suggest that DOACs used in outpatient geriatric patients are frequently dosed inconsistent with FDA-approved dosing recommendations. Further research is needed regarding clinical outcomes in older patients receiving DOACs and in those with dose adjustments inconsistent with FDA-labeled recommendations.
Population Health: An Old Idea Gets New Attention
Authors: Kaldy Joanne
Published: September 2021

A focus on patient populations—as opposed to care settings—encompasses a broad array of health care models: accountable care organizations, managed care, bundled payments, and other value-based care medical models. Pharmacists have a key role to play in streamlining medication
management within these settings, ensuring a smooth transition as patients move through the care continuum, and preventing avoidable hospitalizations and readmissions.
Provider Responsiveness to Pharmacist Recommendations in a Population Health Setting
Authors: Lasota Sean T. , Merrey Jessica W. , Ross Patricia A. , Bishop Martin A. , Feeser Scott A.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE: Geriatric patients are more sensitive to medications and are at risk for polypharmacy, requiring a medication review. It is hypothesized that a justin-time message to the primary care provider (PCP) recommending a change to potentially inappropriate medications may
increase the rate of acceptance of pharmacist recommendations.
 DESIGN: Prospective, quality improvement study.
 SETTING: Health-system-based primary care facilities.
 INTERVENTIONS: Providers were contacted two business days prior to the
patient's appointment with a recommendation based on a Beers criteria-derived algorithm. If a PCP was colocated with a pharmacist in the clinic, the preferred method of communication was queried.
 PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Medical records of patients 65 years of age or older
enrolled in the Johns Hopkins Medicine Alliance for Patients Accountable Care Organization were evaluated for tricyclic antidepressant use in neuropathy, insomnia, and depression; and benzodiazepine use in anxiety and insomnia if prescribed by the PCP.
 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
The primary outcome was to determine the number of recommendations accepted by the PCP.
 RESULTS: A total of 252 recommendations were made with a total of 26.2% recommendations being accepted (22.1% for benzodiazepines and 22.7% for tricyclic antidepressants). Of the 26.2%
of recommendations accepted, 56% had a pharmacist in the clinic. A total of 96.7% of PCPs preferred a message to be sent through the patient's medication record.
 CONCLUSION: A just-in-time approach in making recommendations to PCPs was successful in leading to medication
changes. There was no statistical difference between physician acceptance of pharmacist recommendations in relation to a pharmacist being embedded in the clinic.
Discrepancies Between the Medication List in Electronic Prescribing Systems and Patients' Actual Use of Medicines
Authors: Bülow Cille , Flagstad Bech Christine , Ullitz Faerch Kirstine , Trærup Andersen Jon , Byg Armandi Helle , Treldal Charlotte
Published: September 2021

Discrepancies between electronic prescribing systems and patients' actual use of medicines can result in adverse events and medication errors and have serious consequences for the patients. The discrepancies can be identified when performing a thorough medication reconciliation. Computerized
health care systems throughout the Danish health care sector are integrated with the Shared Medication Record (SMR). In the SMR, current medication and medication prescriptions are registered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the number and types of discrepancies between medications listed
in the SMR and an updated medication list, obtained through a thorough medication reconciliation, for patients admitted in Danish hospitals. Pharmacists listed the number and type of discrepancies for 412 patients. A total of 1,004 discrepancies were registered, with a mean number of 2.4 medication
discrepancies per patient. For 25% (n = 101) of the patients, no discrepancies were found, 20% (n = 86) had one discrepancy, and 16% (n = 66) had five or more discrepancies. More than 50% of the patients had one or more medications in the SMR that the patient did not administer, and 12.6%
used medications that were not listed in the SMR. This shows that the SMR should not be used as the only source of information when recording medication history.
IS OECOLOGIA AUSTRALIS PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY IN ITS REVIEW PROCESS?
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Barros Camila dos Santos de , Pistón Nuria ,   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Delciellos Ana Cláudia ,   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Leite Melina de Souza ,   Universidade de São Paulo
Published: September 2021

Following recent evidence on gender bias at the publishing process in sciences, we present here a view on Oecologia Australis section editors, reviewers, and authors gender ratios to understand the patterns in this journal, improving the data assessment and discussions on this topic. We found that women section editors tended to accept more women than men first-authored manuscripts. There was also a slight tendency of men editors to invite proportionally more men as reviewers. There was no difference in the gender of the first author on the submitted manuscripts, although there is a tendency of male co-authorship in men first-authored papers. Despite gender bias in the scientific academy being a global tendency, our data as a medium impact journal represents an important counter point and provides more information to support gender balance studies to foment better equalitarian policies.
The use of Public-Private Partnerships in Health Supply Chain Management in Rwanda
Authors: Byomuhangi Evariste , Kayumba Pierre Claver , Umuhoza Stella Matutina
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe Government of Rwanda considers the private sector to play an important role in supporting provision of strategic national investments through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs).ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the various aspects of PPPs in Health Supply Chain Management (HSCM) in Rwanda.MethodsA questionnaire was used to collect data from health professionals and individuals familiar with HSCM Public-Private Partnerships for this descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study.ResultsThe PPP interventional areas used in HSCM in Rwanda were namely supply of commodities (99%), delivered health Information Technology (IT) supplies and equipment (operate) (53%), finance (52%), and maintenance area (40%). The main challenges were limited conversation and absence of formal platforms for public and private engagement (83.7%) and complex procurement requirements for medical products and equipment by public institutions (73.3%). The strategies to improve the PPPs in HSCM were effective coordination of PPPs (93.3%) and improved dialogue and formal platforms (90.6%)ConclusionThese findings indicated that private sector through PPPs plays an important role in HSCM in Rwanda. The engagement of the private sector can increase the financial support in terms of financing HSCM activities like supply of health commodities and equipment.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(2): 237-256
Assessment of Factors Contributing to Medicine Expiry in Rwanda: Case of the Medical Procurement and Production Division
Authors: Hakuzimana Theogene , Kayumba Pierre Claver , Hahirwa Innocent , Kabalisa Max
Published: September 2021

BackgroundRegardless of the significant efforts used and put in place to enhance supply chain performance in Rwanda, there is still poor inventory management and big loss due to expiry of medicines at Medical Procurement and Production Division (MPPD).ObjectiveTo assess the factors that contributes to expiry of medicines at MPPD and formulate recommendations for the improvement of the current situation.MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study used for 25 respondents. A questionnaire containing closed-ended questions was used focusing on factors contributing to expiries of medicines for each product category managed by MPPD from 2014-2018. Additionally, the researcher reviewed all inventory reports, including expiries for the same period under study. The study focused on targeting respondents working at MPPD as pharmacists both technical and administrative, also other non-pharmacist working in the warehouse were considered as respondents. The hard copy of questionnaire was handed over to 26 respondents and requested to provide filled questionnaire within seven days. Twenty-five respondents were able to return the filled questionnaire on time, giving 96% response rate.ResultsThe study found that in MPPD, medicines are still expiring. During five years (from 2014 up to 2018) the total expired products were valued at RWF 6,046,778,655 for all program categories: HIV commodities had the largest share 53.3%, Essential Medicines 22.5%, Malaria 13%, Maternal Child Health commodities 5.7%, Products used for Community health workers 4.5%, TB products 1% and 0.1% for Family Planning products. The study found that major contributing factors for expiry of health commodities at MPPD, are ranked as follows: Supply chain management 90%, other factors 73%, Poor storage management 68% and Excessive drug supply 67%.

ConclusionConsidering the study results, it looks like no significant effect of excessive drug supply and inventory management on the expiration of medicines at MPPD. However, the Supply Chain Management components are the most vulnerable to contribute to the expiration of medicines at MPPD. There are many changes to be done inside the institution to remedy the issue of expiration like working according to the standard operating procedures, improving the Skills of personnel in supply chain management, empowering the procurement unit with skilled personnel and improving the communication with stakeholders to facilitate the smooth and quick replenishment and distribution of the stock.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(2): 281-291
Assessment of Farm Households’ Vulnerability to Desertification in Rural Dry Lands of Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Olanrewaju Y
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to use a Vulnerability Index (VI) to assess farm households' vulnerability to desertification in Northern Katsina's dry land ecosystem. The specific objectives were to identify socio-economic characteristics of farm households; and determine the degree of their vulnerability to desertification. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 633 respondents from 18 rural communities across six Local Government Areas (LGAs). Data from 21 indicators for the three components of vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) were used to measure the degree of vulnerability and thus, classify households into less, moderate and highly vulnerable. The study found that households in Jibia LGA were less vulnerable, with a VI of 1.228, while Kaita, Mashi, and Mai'adua LGAs were moderately vulnerable with VI of 0.523, 0.756, and 0.685, respectively. Households in Zango and Baure LGAs were found to be highly vulnerable due to poor biophysical conditions, with indices of 1.629 and -1.405, respectively. Furthermore, while 49% of the total households sampled were moderately vulnerable to desertification, 30% were less vulnerable and 21% were found to be highly vulnerable. As a result, the study recommended that the need for vegetative cover regeneration, soil quality rehabilitation, increased irrigation use, and biomass stability that take into account the vagaries of climate be prioritized in order to support, rescue, and increase the resilience of vulnerable households.

Keywords: Adaptation; Desertification; Dry lands; Farm Households; Vulnerability Index
Effects of Hydroxyurea Treatment on Haemolysis in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Gangji Azra , Masamu Upendo , , Mgaya Josephine , Ndunguru Joyce , Jonathan Agnes , Minja Irene K , Makani Julie , Balandya Emmanuel , Ruggajo Paschal , Nkya Siana
Published: September 2021

Tanzania is one of the countries with a high burden of sickle cell disease (SCD). Haemolytic anaemia is a clinical feature of SCD, and has been linked to major complications leading to morbidity and mortality. Treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) has shown to induce foetal haemoglobin (HbF) which in turn decreases haemolysis in patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HU on haemolysis in SCD patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania by comparing their haemolytic parameters before and after therapy. Patients meeting the criteria were initiated on HU therapy for 3 months. Two haemolytic biomarkers: unconjugated plasma bilirubin levels and absolute reticulocyte counts were measured from patients’ blood samples at baseline and after 3 months of HU therapy and compared. Both absolute reticulocyte counts and indirect plasma bilirubin levels significantly declined after HU therapy. Median (IQR) plasma unconjugated bilirubin levels dropped significantly from 20.3 (12.7–34.4) μmol/L to 14.5 (9.6–24.1) μmol/L (p < 0.001) and mean (SD) absolute reticulocyte counts dropped significantly from 0.29 (0.1) x 109/L to 0.17 (0.1) x 109/L (p < 0.001) after therapy, thus, a decline in both haemolytic biomarkers after treatment was observed. This study found a potential for use of HU therapy in managing SCD patients in our settings evidenced by improvements in their haemolytic parameters. Clinical trials with a lager sample size conducted for a longer time period would be beneficial in guiding towards the inclusion of HU in treatment protocols for the Tanzanian population.

Keywords: Sickle cell disease; hydroxyurea; haemolysis; foetal haemoglobin
High Speed Hill Climbing Algorithm for Portfolio Optimization
Authors: John Collether
Published: September 2021

Portfolio can be defined as a collection of investments. Portfolio optimization usually is about maximizing expected return and/or minimising risk of a portfolio. The mean-variance model makes simplifying assumptions to solve portfolio optimization problem. Presence of realistic constraints leads to a significant different and complex problem. Also, the optimal solution under realistic constraints cannot always be derived from the solution for the frictionless market. The heuristic algorithms are alternative approaches to solve the extended problem. In this research, a heuristic algorithm is presented and improved for higher efficiency and speed. It is a hill climbing algorithm to tackle the extended portfolio optimization problem. The improved algorithm is Hill Climbing Simple–with Reducing Thresh-hold Percentage, named HC-S-R. It is applied in standard portfolio optimization problem and benchmarked with the quadratic programing method and the Threshold Accepting algorithm, a well-known heuristic algorithm for portfolio optimization problem. The results are also compared with its original algorithm HC-S. HC-S-R proves to be a lot faster than HC-S and TA and more effective and efficient than TA.

Keywords: Portfolio optimization; Hill climbing algorithm; Threshold percentage; Reducing sequence; Threshold Acceptance algorithm
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Organic Polymer based on Fe(III)
Authors: Tarasenko O. S. , Starovoitov E. I.
Published: September 2021

In this work, a coordination polymer based on iron trinuclear acetate was synthesized. The coordination polymer was obtained in two stages. At the first stage [Fe3O(CH3CO2)6(H2O)3]·2H2O – tricyclic iron acetate was synthesized. As the dicarboxylate ligand, we chose muconic acid, which is not toxic to the body. Double bonds in its structure create additional nodes for interaction with drugs. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of a coordination polymer based on tricyclic iron acetate and muconic acid were selected: solvothermal synthesis at 78 °C, autogenous pressure and using ethanol as a solvent. The resulting coordination polymer is a nanosized mesoporous framework with a narrow pore distribution, an average radius of~1.18 nm, and a developed specific surface area of 512.1 m2/g. The composition and crystal structure of tricyclic iron acetate and a coordination polymer based on it have been confirmed by the methods of elemental and X-ray phase analysis.
Prehrambene specifičnosti proteina i masti u kobiljem mlijeku u odnosu na humano i kravlje mlijeko
Authors: Končurat Ana , Kozačinski Lidija , Bilandžić Nina , Sukalić Tomislav , Cvetnić Željko
Published: September 2021

Zadnjih se desetljeća kobilje mlijeko istražuje kao funkcionalna i ljekovita hrana. Sastav kobiljeg, humanog i kravljeg mlijeka znatno se razlikuje, a varira i o genetskim, fiziološkim i prehrambenim čimbenicima, kao i o uvjetima okoliša. Uspoređujući ga s humanim i kravljim mlijekom, kobilje mlijeko ima nižu energetsku vrijednost i niže vrijednosti masti. Sadržaj proteina sirutke i kazeina u kobiljem mlijeku sličan je onom u humanom za prehranu ljudi i čini ga pogodnijim od kravljega. Kobilje i humano mlijeko formiraju precipitat koji je lakše probavljiv od koaguluma kravljeg mlijeka. Vanjska membrana masnih globula, kao i raspodjela di- i tri- glicerida iz kobiljeg i humanog mlijeka su slične. Postotak nezasićenih masnih kiselina u kobiljem i humanom mlijeku veći je nego u kravljem mlijeku, a najveći dio otpada na polinezasićene masne kiseline sa srednjim i većim brojem ugljikovih atoma. Kobilje mlijeko zauzima sve više prostora u nutricionizmu zbog svojih specifičnih kemijskih i nutritivnih karakteristika.
Prisutnost populizma na hrvatskim dnevnoinformativnim portalima
Authors: Plenković Mateja
Published: September 2021

Mediji su posljednjih desetak godina postali prijemčivi populizmu. U radu je provedena analiza kolumni najčitanijih domaćih dnevnoinformativnih portala. Ciljevi su bili utvrditi prisutnost populističkog komunikacijskog stila i zastupljenost (lijevog i desnog) medijskog populizma. Pokazalo se da se u kolumnama na portalima 24sata.hr, Index.hr, Jutarnji.hr i Dnevnik.hr najčešće pojavljuje obilježje oštrog zauzimanja kritičkog stava prema eliti kao manjoj skupini ljudi koja ugrožava obične ljude i ne slijedi njihovu volju, nego radi za svoje interese. Na portalu Večernji.hr najčešće se pojavljuje obilježje usmjerenosti na negativan kontekst, krize, nerede, nesigurnost, neizvjesnost, korupciju i nejednakost. U pogledu zastupljenosti medijskog populizma utvrđeno je da su portali Index.hr i Jutarnji.hr više lijevo populistički, a portali Večernji.hr, Dnevnik.hr i 24sata.hr više desno populistički. Istraživanja odnosa medija i populizma korisna su i nužna kako bi se dodatno precizirao doprinos pojedinih medija u procesu jačanja i širenja populizma u suvremenom društvu.
What Cost Scientific Illiteracy in Time of Global Pandemic?
Authors: Grba Marko
Published: September 2021

This paper traces the course of the ongoing pandemic as it was reported in some of the established world media as well as in scientific journals. The author has been following the various sources since practically the begining of the pandemic in Europe and here will try to assess the role and the actual practice of scientists, politicians and other actors throughout the pandemic, from its begining in China at the close of 2019 till end of February 2021. The key questions addressed in this paper are: Why the events of the ongoing pandemic unfolded as they did, with so many misguided decisions by politicians (as well as experts at times), with so much misinformation and fake news and so many missed opportunities for decisive and life-changing action? What is the reason behind prolonged intervals of silence in the communication chain? And what cost the insufficient familiarity with science – its facts, methods or means of communication – in the time of global pandemic? The main thesis is that the insufficient level of scientific knowledge – and at times of basic scientific litteracy – as witnessed from the highest places of political power to the so called conspiracy theorists, costed us all too many lives lost and an unforseeable suffering to come. The responsibility is shared between virtually all actors and it must be given due consideration, in some cases even at the courts of justice, if we are to learn all the valuable lessons for the future of public health, world economy and, indeed, the survival of humanity.
Medijsko praćenje ponašanja religijskih hijerarhija u doba epidemije
Authors: Fejzić-Čengić Fahira
Published: September 2021

Dok traje formalna socijalna izolacija svijeta i Sarajeva, dok se događa sve što se oko nas događa, live i uronjeno, religijske zajednice su također prisutne. Poput drugih gradova koje tri religije dodiruju i ispunjavaju, a to je najprije Jeruzalem, Sarajevo izranja kao europski original. Pratim istupe, nastupe, javna obraćanja ili vjerske corona poruke s tri vjerska izvorišta: islama, pravoslavlja i katoličanstva u ovom gradu. Koliko je sličnog, toliko je različitog, koliko je umirujućeg toliko je stresnog, koliko je korisnog toliko je štetnog. Šta će na kraju ili krajevima uslijediti? Tko zna? Ah nitko ne zna, krhko je znanje, reče naš sjajni pjesnik Antun Branko Šimić.
Gravidez, exercícios físicos e esporte de alto rendimento: a experiência do voleibol
Authors: Tavares Marcelo Ribeiro , Pedrosa Gabriel Frazão Silva , Pereira Erik Giuseppe Barbosa
Published: September 2021

Esporte de alto rendimento pressupõe um intenso e contínuo preparo físico dos atletas. No caso das mulheres atletas de alto rendimento, a gravidez é um dado a ser levado em conta nas suas carreiras. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a prática de esportes e exercícios físicos por atletas grávidas, destacando-se que esse tema surgiu nos anos 1980, com atletas de vôlei, além de algumas jogadoras da modalidade que mais recentemente ficaram grávidas e continuaram praticando o esporte. A metodologia utilizada inclui a revisão sistemática de literatura e a entrevista com duas atletas dos anos 1980. O roteiro da entrevista foi orientado por um questionário semiestruturado aplicado às jogadoras e seus relatos foram comparados a artigos científicos que destacam as indicações e contraindicações para a prática esportiva e exercício físico por mulheres grávidas. Verificou-se que a prática de exercícios durante a gestação é saudável, desde que com a orientação profissional. No caso da prática de esportes deve-se levar em conta, além do acompanhamento médico, o bom senso da gestante. Conclui-se que esse tema ainda é envolto por muitos tabus e que não é uma questão de fácil consenso, embora seja um assunto debatido há mais de trinta anos no esporte.
Diferencias biomecánicas en la técnica de arranque en halterofilia entre deportistas elite y novatos
Authors: Arévalo Játiva Galo Stalin , Chichanda Bravo Darío Xavier , Romero Frómeta Edgardo
Published: September 2021

Introducción: La caracterización de la técnica deportiva entre atletas de diferentes niveles posibilita perfeccionar a futuro el movimiento motriz especializado, dada la posibilidad de confeccionar metodologías que mejoran el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Objetivo: Caracterizar el movimiento técnico de arranque (snatch) en halterofilia, identificando cuáles son las diferencias existentes entre deportistas de elite y novatas de la Federación Deportiva del Carchi. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva-correlacional, estudiando los Ángulos en cada fase (Posición inicial, Primer halón, Segundo halón, Entrada y Recuperación), el Pico de velocidad máxima estimada en m/s (Primer halón, segundo halón, Entrada y Recuperación) y el Centro de gravedad (Posición inicial, Primer halón, Segundo halón, Entrada y Recuperación), así como la Trayectoria de la barra, en dos muestras independientes del género femenino, categoría 13-18 años (Grupo 1 - Elites: 12 sujetos. Grupo 2 - Novatas: 13 sujetos). Resultados: Se determinaron los valores individuales y las medias de cada variable, no estableciéndose diferencias significativas en todos los datos, excepto en las variables Ángulo del Segundo Halón de la Rodilla (p=0.011) y el Pico de Velocidad Máxima en el Primer Halón (p=0.046). Conclusiones: Se caracteriza biomecánicamente la técnica de snatch en deportistas elites y novatas, recomendando a futuro establecer una investigación mayor de tipo explicativa para analizar metodológicamente las causas y efectos en las diferencias significativas y las pequeñas diferencias detectadas en los rangos promedios obtenidos en la presente investigación.
Use of hardware and software complexes (simulators) in practical training of trainees
Authors: Palitsyn A. V.
Published: September 2021

Educational activity in the form of practical training provides for the demonstration of practical skills, the implementation, modeling by students of certain types of work to solve practical problems related to future professional activities in conditions close to real production.

Practical training in preparation for professional activity has become an integral part of the educational process and the use of simulator training makes a significant contribution to this concept, given the fact that, under the conditions of transport security, it is not always possible for students to access real production facilities. Information technologies bring additional opportunities to the educational process in the development of professional competencies. The use of training complexes is becoming widespread in the railway industry in the development of educational programs of secondary vocational education and training of qualified personnel.

In accordance with the decisions of the Program of Interaction between JSC "Russian Railways" and University Complexes of Railway Transport until 2025, training of qualified specialists ofJSC "Russian Railways" in the future of the program for the development of structural divisions and the development of the material and technical base of universities, the laboratory on specialty 23.02.01 Organization of transportation and management of transport (by type), which is a hardware and software complex "Train district dispatcher / duty at a railway station". The purpose of implementing a simulator is to improve the ability of students to skillfully apply professional competencies in train work, be able to competently use the knowledge gained in emergency and non-standard situations, make optimal decisions in operational work, and implement a system of measures to prevent defects in the production process.
The role of the scientific and practical conference in the organization research activities of students
Authors: Elina L. A.
Published: September 2021

The features of training students and teachers for participation and holding a scientific and practical conference are considered. Participation in a scientific and practical conference is the result of a great work of a student and his supervisor, which is preceded by a complex research activity. It is important to give students not only a certain set of knowledge, teach them the basic methods and algorithms of activity, but also teach them to navigate in the flow of information, the ability to pose timely and relevant questions and independently receive substantiated answers to them.

The conditions for the implementation of successful research activities in college are shown, organizational and methodological work in this direction, its stages, goals, objectives and results are described. Employer surveys indicate that the requirements for the level of professional training and personal qualities of college graduates are increasing. Research activities of students, as one of the areas of work, allows us to prepare modern specialists who are able to constantly improve their professional knowledge and successfully apply them in practice. The acquisition of skills in the preparation of reports, articles on conducted research, skills of public presentation of the results obtained and their justification at conferences, contributes to the formation of a reflective culture, strengthens pedagogical cooperation between teachers and students.
Cooperation of the Educational and instructional center for railway transportation with educational organizations of Kazakhstan
Authors: Starykh O. V.
Published: September 2021

The Educational and instructional center for railway transportation took part in the IX International Industrial Exhibition EXPO-RUSSIA KAZAKHSTAN and the VII Almaty Business Forum, which were held on June 23-25, 2021 in Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.

Educational and instructional center for railway transportation presented new publications on the main specialties of railway transport at the events. A number of cooperation agreements have been signed with educational institutions.
Where’s Social Work? A Critical Analysis of Gender Invisibility, Ethical Conflict, and Advocacy in Medical Teams
Authors: Duntley-Matos Roxanna , Ortega Robert , Matos Maria
Published: September 2021

The traditional biomedical and person-in-environment (PIE) perspectives are often found in conflict when framed within broader gender discrimination and consumerist health care practices. Our critical feminist analysis addresses the case of Katie, a vulnerable health care recipient, whose intersecting identities fall outside of the “margins of acceptability.” Communication deficits among team members and a lack of clear care protocols become evident. Insurance demands to justify coverage undermine the processes of beneficence and the ethic of care required for emancipatory advocacy. We present the tripartite paradigm of transformative complicity, cultural humility, and systems-based empowerment to address the complex ethical dilemmas that emerge. Strategies informed by experimental ethnography help us model effective transdisciplinary dialogue by inviting voices/commentators to rise from the margins (foot/endnotes) and decenter authorial power. Using an emancipatory social work framework, we offer actionable steps which, as revealed by our commentators, are often lacking from the medical team's and care recipient’s toolbox. We call ffor discursive courage to chip away at the socially constructed myths of biological and moral deficit that merge gender, colorism, class, and invisibility in the web of historical and structural discrimination. In addition, we welcome service seekers, as therapeutic colleagues, in the process of systemic empowerment.
Facilitating Upper Limb Function using Assistive Technology in a Neurological Patient with Bilateral Upper Limb Impairment: A Case Report
Authors: Fulton Shelley , Wilkinson Laura , Stiller Kathy
Published: September 2021

Purpose: A combination of a stroke and spinal cord injury adversely affecting both upper limbs is an unusual combination for a patient presenting for outpatient rehabilitation services. Although the management of these conditions in isolation is well documented, there is limited literature regarding rehabilitation for these conditions in combination, particularly the use of assistive technology in this setting. Methods: A case report is presented of a 53-year-old male referred for outpatient rehabilitation following a left-sided stroke, with resultant dense right sided hemiplegia. A pre-existing spinal cord injury had affected his left upper limb such that he had marked proximal weakness. This combination of impairments meant he was unable to perform even basic activities of daily living involving the upper limbs. A therapy program, led by an occupational therapist with support and input from the multi-disciplinary team, included the use of an assistive device (a mobile arm support) to facilitate functional upper limb activities. This greatly improved his ability to do upper limb functional activities. Conclusion: The use of an assistive device enabled the patient to engage in meaningful activities of daily living involving the upper limbs.
A Pilot Study Exploring the Impact of Interprofessional Simulation on Role Clarity and Student Readiness for Collaborative Clinical Practice
Authors: Weiner Shira , Hagan Laura , Kardachi Julie
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Interprofessional collaboration is recognized as a healthcare practice paradigm that may decrease overall costs and minimize errors. Yet it remains common for practitioners to provide care within silos, inadequately considering the impact of their decisions on other providers and overall costs, which ultimately may negatively impact the patient. Integrating interprofessional collaboration in school curricula can establish the importance of this approach to healthcare. For optimal efficacy, every professional in the healthcare team must recognize their unique role and the roles of others, to allow for seamless interprofessional collaboration. Simulation is a teaching tool that provides students with the opportunity to experience and reflect upon their responses to real-world clinical encounters in an environment that is safe to them and to patients. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of interprofessional simulation on occupational therapy and physical therapy students’ role clarity and perceived readiness for collaborative practice. Method: A mixed methods study design was used with occupational and physical therapy students matriculated in the same college. Two surveys were given to the participants pre- and post-interprofessional simulation: the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS; evaluates student readiness for interprofessional learning) and the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS; evaluates student perceptions of interprofessional training). Focus groups followed the interprofessional simulation to explore the subjects’ experience. Results: Statistically significant changes were noted in the RIPLS pre-post simulation. Five themes emerged from the focus groups including: students value simulation; students value interprofessional education; interprofessional experience facilitates an understanding of role clarity; teamwork has value and challenges; and, students value providing patient centered care. Conclusion: Simulation is a teaching resource that may prepare occupational therapy and physical therapy students for interprofessional collaboration in patient care. The results of this study can inform interprofessional curricular development for both occupational therapy and physical therapy programs.
Agreement in Walking Speed Measured Using Four Different Outcome Measures: 6-Meter Walk Test, 10-Meter Walk Test, 2-Minute Walk Test, and 6-Minute Walk Test
Authors: Roush James , Heick John , Hawk Tanner , Eurek Dillon , Wallis Austin , Kiflu Daniel
Published: September 2021

Background: Walking speed is considered the sixth vital sign because it is a valid, reliable, and sensitive measure for assessing functional status in various populations. Purpose: The current study assessed agreement in walking speed using the 6-meter walk test, (6MWT) 10-meter walk test (10MWT), 2-minute walk test (2minWT), and 6-minute walk test (6minWT). We also determined differences in walking speed. Methods: Seventy-three healthy adults (44 females, 29 males; mean [SD] age=31.36 [10.33] years) participated. Lafayette Electronic timing devices measured walking speed for the 6MWT and 10MWT. Measuring wheels and stopwatches measured walking distance and speed for the 2minWT and 6minWT. Participants completed 1 trial, and all tests were administered simultaneously. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient (2, 4) for the different measures of walking speed was excellent at 0.90 (95% confidence intervals, 0.86-0.93). The correlation was 0.95 between 6MWT and 10MWT, 0.94 between 2minWT and 6minWT, 0.67 between 6MWT and 2minWT, 0.63 between 10MWT and 2minWT, and 0.59 between 10MWT and 6minWT (all p < 0.05). No differences in walking speed were found between the four walking tests. Conclusion: Administration of any of the four walking tests provided reliable measurement of walking speed.