KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI, POTENSI PRODUKSI DAN KOMPONEN UTAMA RIMPANG SEMBILAN NOMOR LEMPUYANG WANGI
Authors: WAHYUNI SRI , BERMAWIE NURLIANI , KRISTINA NATALINI NOVA 
Published: June 2020

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Lempuyang  merupakan family  Zingiberaceae,  dan  banyak<br />digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk obat/jamu sebagai peningkat stamina,<br />antikanker dan obat antiinfeksi. Balittro memiliki koleksi plasma nutfah<br />lempuyang yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai daerah. Potensi sifat tanaman<br />perlu dievaluasi untuk mengetahui karakter potensial dan keunggulannya.<br />Karakterisasi sembilan aksesi lempuyang wangi dilakukan di KP. Cicurug<br />– Sukabumi Jawa Barat tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2010. Benih ditanam<br />dengan jarak tanam 60 x 40 cm, jumlah tanaman per plot 20 tanaman dan<br />diulang tiga kali. Pengamatan dilakukan pada sepuluh tanaman terhadap<br />sifat morfologi tanaman, pertumbuhan, produksi, dan mutu rimpang. Hasil<br />pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa morfologi dan pertumbuhan tanaman<br />lempuyang bervariasi. Pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan,<br />jumlah daun panjang dan lebar daun, serta diameter batang antar aksesi<br />bervariasi. Produksi rimpang lempuyang wangi umumnya lebih dari 15<br />ton/ha, rimpang mempunyai banyak akar. Mutu simplisia rimpang adalah<br />kisaran kadar minyak atsiri 1,34–4,61%, kadar sari larut dalam air 16,22–<br />23,5%, kadar sari larut etanol 7,9–13,8%, kadar serat 5,47– 8,87% dan<br />kadar pati 40-50%. Hasil analisis ekstrak rimpang lempuyang dengan GC-<br />MS menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 50 komponen terdeteksi. Zerumbone<br />merupakan komponen utama lempuyang dengan nilai sebesar 36–49%.<br />Komponen utama zerumbone dan acetic acid terdapat di semua aksesi.<br />Komponen utama lainnya di antaranya adalah alpha humulene, humulene<br />oxide, beta-eudesmol, beta-selinene, linalool, 12-oxabicyclo, caryophilene<br />oxide, 3-octadecyne, hexadecanoic acid, dan 3-octyne 5-methyl.<br />Komposisi komponen utama antar aksesi berbeda senada dengan aroma<br />wangi yang ditimbulkan pada lempuyang. Sebanyak tujuh nomor aksesi<br />yang mempunyai keunggulan produksi lebih dari 15 t/ha, mutu minyak<br />atsiri lebih dari 1% dan zerumbone 40%.<br />Kata kunci: Zingiber aromaticum, produksi, komponen utama rimpang</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Wild ginger is one of Zingiberaceae family. Plant use as a medicine<br />for stamina improvement, anticancer and antiinfection. Balittro had<br />collected wild ginger from several area and potential characters should be<br />evaluated. Characterization was conducted at Cicurug experimental garden<br />– West Java on 2009-2010. Seed rhizome of nine accession was planted<br />with 60 x 40 cm space, twenty numbers of plant each plot and three<br />replication. Observation was carried out for morphological characters,<br />growth, yield, and rhizome quality. Result showed that there were<br />variations in morphology and growth of wild ginger. Plant height, numbers<br />of tillers, numbers of leaves, leaves length, leaves width, and stem<br />diameter among acessions were variate. Rhizome yield was generally more<br />than 15 ton/ha, rhizome having plenty of roots. Rhizome quality analysis<br />showed that among accessions have essential oil content range from 1.34-<br />4.61%, extract soluble water 16.22 – 23.5%, extract soluble ethanol 7.9-<br />13.88%, fiber content 5.47 – 8.87%, and carbohydrat content 40-50%.<br />GS-MS of wild ginger rhizome extract revealed totally around 50<br />constituent was detected. The highest constituent detected is zerumbone<br />(36-49%). Moreover, acetic acid also detected in all accession with value<br />range from 4.64 – 14.36%. Other major constituent are alpha humulene,<br />humulene oxide, beta-eudesmol, beta-selinene, linalool, 12-oxabicyclo,<br />caryophilene oxide, 3-octadecyne, hexadecanoic acid, and 3-octyne 5-<br />methyl. The composition of major constituent among collection numbers is<br />different and reflected the differences of the flavour of the flesh rhizome.<br />Seven collection numbers are having yield potential more than 15 ton/ha,<br />essential oil content more than 1% dan zerumbone content 40%.<br />Key word: Zingiber aromaticum, rhizome yield, rhizome constituent</p>