bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ambience of collaboration in coworking environments
Authors: Orel Marko , Alonso Almeida María del Mar
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to take an explanatory role and analyse the development of workspace ambiences in coworking spaces which optimise the chance of interactivity between individual users and leading towards cooperation. The paper thus offers a discussion on how the ambience that is tailored to a particular coworking space enhances the possibility of collaboration between two or more users of a selected workspace.

Design/methodology/approach

Ethnographically guided observations of six coworking spaces and qualitative interviews with their managers were used to gain an understanding of the workspace ambiences in coworking spaces. As direct measurement of the frequency of collaboration would be logistically profound, this paper rather explores the conditions for spontaneous or moderated interactivity between workspace users, which may be regulated by the creation of an optimal coworking space ambience.

Findings

The following paper defines the coworking space ambience as the look and the feel of a work environment which can arouse certain moods towards a particular place and its users. Coworking spaces may impose various approaches that not only attract potential workspace users and form initial ties between them but also produce a certain ambience that leads to collaborative action between users. The factors of spatial design need to be adapted, and engagement strategies need to be constructed to maximise the preferential output. The research behind the following paper concludes that the factors of spatial comfortability are an essential predisposition for workspace users to engage in cooperation with each other. Various mechanisms are needed to customise these engagements into cooperative action.

Originality/value

While the outcomes of sharing these environments have been periodically explored, no attempts have been made to investigate how coworking ambience is being created and implemented to optimise collaborative efforts of individuals who are sharing the workspace. For that reason, the audience of this paper should not only be limited to academics but may also be suitable for managers and office-space operators seeking to understand dynamics of collaboration within new types of shared office spaces.
Quantifying the potential impact of a green supporting factor or brown penalty on European banks and lending
Authors: Thomä Jakob , Gibhardt Kyra
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The European Parliament and Commission are considering introducing a green supporting factor (GSF) or brown penalty (BP) for capital reserve requirements. This paper aims to estimate the potential impact such a policy intervention may have on both capital reserves of European banks and the cost and availability of capital to “green” and “brown” investments.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on the existing empirical and theoretical literature on the impacts of changes to capital reserve requirements on the real economy. It applies these estimates on the particular policy intervention currently being discussed at EU level to estimate the potential range of impacts on the cost of capital – measured in basis points – and the availability of capital – measured in per cent changes to lending.

Findings

A GSF would have a limited effect on overall capital requirements of banks compared to a BP – given the larger universe of assets on which such a penalty would be applied. The estimated effect is a reduction in capital requirements associated with a GSF of around €3-4bn based on baseline “green” definitions. In terms of cost of capital, the paper estimates a reduction of 5 to 26 basis points for green projects (with inverse expected effects for a BP). In terms of availability of capital, analysing a BP suggests a potential reduction in lending to brown assets of up to 8 per cent.

Originality/value

The paper provides direct evidence, with the first quantitative analysis of the potential impact of the current policy proposition discussed at EU-level.
Exchange variables, organizational culture and their relationship with constructive deviance
Authors: Cohen Aaron , Ehrlich Sari
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Constructive deviance is a behavior that can contribute to the effectiveness of an organization despite its problematic nature. Too few studies have examined the correlates of this behavior. The purpose of this study is to examine variables that represent exchange and organizational culture and their relationship to supervisor-reported and self-reported constructive deviance.

Design/methodology/approach

The survey data were collected from 602 employees (a response rate of 67 per cent) in a large municipality in central Israel. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses were performed for each of the dependent variables (three self-reported constructive deviances and three supervisor-reported constructive deviance) controlling for divisions and departments.

Findings

The findings showed that self-reported constructive deviance was explained much better by the independent variables than supervisor-reported deviance. Organizational justice and moral identity had a strong direct effect on constructive deviance (self-reported). The mediation effect showed that an organizational climate for innovation had the strongest mediation effect among the mediators. Psychological contract breach was found to have a limited effect on constructive deviance.

Practical implications

Organizations should encourage procedural justice to encourage their employees to act in support of the organization, whether openly (formal performance) or more secretly (constructive deviance). Also, organizations should support innovation climate if they want to increase constructive deviance of their employees.

Originality/value

In a time when innovation and creativity are gaining increasing importance as behaviors that contribute to organizational success, more research on constructive deviance is expected. This study increases our understanding of this important concept stimulates additional studies of it.
New university, new possibilities: higher education in Western Canada
Authors: Atkinson David W.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the new teaching universities created in British Columbia and Alberta over the past 10 years in the context of the multiple challenges faced by higher education today, including issues of purpose, culture, governance, accountability and finances.

Design/methodology/approach

The essay provides a historic overview of the challenges universities face today. In this context, it presents the new Western Canadian universities as a possible model, even while identifying the challenges these institutions face in the future.

Findings

This case study concludes that universities must change if they are to meet the expectations of students and the needs of society. It outlines the challenges faced by the new universities, how they have responded, the successes they have experienced and the challenges they confront.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study of the new Canadian universities.
8‐Methoxypsoralen protects bovine mammary epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory injury via suppressing JAK/STAT and NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Li Jiandong , Yin Peng , Gong Ping , Lv An , Zhang Zhicong , Liu Fenghua
Published: July 2019

Bovine mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cattle. Bacterial infections are the main cause of mastitis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major structural component of the cell wall of Escherichia coli, is a good inducer used to replicate inflammation models. 8‐Methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP), a formerly considered photosensitizing agent, has been used in immunotherapy. This study investigated the protective effects of 8‐MOP on LPS‐induced inflammatory injury in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). LPS treatment (50 μg/mL for 12 hr) caused a decrease in cell viability, morphological damage, and cell apoptosis. Pretreatment with 8‐MOP at concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/ml significantly attenuated LPS‐induced inflammation in BMECs. qRT‐PCR analysis revealed that the messenger RNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine (interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β], IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and IL‐8) was suppressed by 8‐MOP in LPS‐stimulated BMECs. Western blot analysis showed that 8‐MOP could also reduce the protein levels of cyclooxygenase‐2 and promote the translocation of high‐mobility group box 1 from the nucleus to cytoplasm. Furthermore, the anti‐inflammatory property of 8‐MOP was mediated by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells activation and STAT1 phosphorylation. Taken together, 8‐MOP could protect cells from inflammatory injury induced by LPS, and may be a potential agent against bovine mastitis.
Geological gas‐storage shapes deep life
Authors: Ranchou‐Peyruse Magali , Auguet Jean‐Christophe , Mazière Camille , Restrepo‐Ortiz Claudia Ximena , Guignard Marion , Dequidt David , Chiquet Pierre , Cézac Pierre , Ranchou‐Peyruse Anthony
Published: July 2019

Around the world, several dozen deep sedimentary aquifers are being used for storage of natural gas. Ad hoc studies of the microbial ecology of some of them have suggested that sulfate reducing and methanogenic microorganisms play a key role in how these aquifers' communities function. Here, we investigate the influence of gas storage on these two metabolic groups by using high‐throughput sequencing and show the importance of sulfate‐reducing Desulfotomaculum and a new monophyletic methanogenic group. Aquifer microbial diversity was significantly related to the geological level. The distance to the stored natural gas affects the ratio of sulfate‐reducing Firmicutes to deltaproteobacteria. In only one aquifer, the methanogenic archaea dominate the sulfate‐reducers. This aquifer was used to store town gas (containing at least 50% H2) around 50 years ago. The observed decrease of sulfates in this aquifer could be related to stimulation of subsurface sulfate‐reducers. These results suggest that the composition of the microbial communities is impacted by decades old transient gas storage activity. The tremendous stability of these gas‐impacted deep subsurface microbial ecosystems suggests that in situ biotic methanation projects in geological reservoirs may be sustainable over time.
Descriptive Analysis and Consumer Acceptability of Locally and Commercially Grown Spinach
Authors: Batziakas Konstantinos G. , Talavera Martin , Swaney‐Stueve Marianne , Rivard Cary L. , Pliakoni Eleni D.
Published: July 2019

The consumer demand for locally grown fresh produce is continuously increasing in the United States. The high tunnel systems have been successfully utilized by small acreage growers for local production. Consumers are typically assessing appearance, freshness, flavor and aroma when purchasing produce. A common perception is that locally grown produce tastes better than nonlocal. However, there is not much evidence for supporting this claim. The objective of this study was to identify consumer acceptability and the sensory characteristics/differences of locally grown spinach in open field or in high tunnel and nonlocal commercially grown spinach. Spinach, Spinacia oleracea cv. “Corvair” was grown in open field and in high tunnel at Kansas State Univ. Olathe Horticulture Research and Extension Center (OHREC) in spring 2017 and the commercially grown spinach was purchased at a local retail store. A consumer study (n = 205) was conducted at Kansas State Univ., Olathe campus, and a descriptive sensory analysis was conducted by a highly trained descriptive analysis panel in the Center for Sensory Analysis and Consumer Behavior at Kansas State Univ., Manhattan campus, in spring 2017. The consumer test showed that high tunnel spinach scored significantly higher in overall liking (P < 0.0001), flavor liking (P < 0.0001), and texture liking (P < 0.05) when compared to open field and store purchased spinach. Descriptive analysis showed that locally grown spinach had higher intensity of attributes that indicate premium quality, such as green color and green/spinach flavors. Our results indicate that locally grown spinach was preferred from the consumers for its high organoleptic quality.

Practical Application

Locally grown spinach demonstrated high intensity in a set of sensory attributes that suggest a product with premium organoleptic quality. Correspondingly to these results, consumers liked spinach produced locally in high tunnels the most. The results of this study can be used for developing marketing strategies that are aiming specifically to the consumer niche that is seeking fresh produce of high organoleptic quality.
Combined Osmotic and Membrane Distillation for Concentration of Anthocyanin from Muscadine Pomace
Authors: Anari Zahra , Mai Chuqiao , Sengupta Arijit , Howard Luke , Brownmiller Cindi , Wickramasinghe S. Ranil
Published: July 2019

Bioactive anthocyanins from aqueous extracts of muscadine grape pomace were concentrated using osmotic distillation (OD) and direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) using polypropylene (PP) and poly(ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE) membranes. The driving force for OD is created by using a high concentration brine solution while the driving force for DCMD is generated by elevating the feed temperature relative to the permeate temperature. The brine concentration used was 4 M. The lowest fluxes were obtained for OD. Given the temperature sensitive nature of anthocyanins, the maximum temperature difference during DCMD was limited to 30 °C. The feed temperature was 40 °C and the permeate at 10 °C. Consequently, the maximum flux during DCMD was also limited. A combination of OD and DCMD was found to give the highest fluxes. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC‐electrospray mass spectrometry were used to identify and quantify anthocyanins, cyanidin‐3,5‐O‐diglucoside, delphinidin‐3,5‐O‐diglucoside, petunidin‐3,5‐O‐diglucoside, peonidin‐3,5‐O‐diglucoside, and malvidin‐3,5‐O‐diglucoside. The results obtained here suggest that, though water fluxes for DI water feed streams for PP and ECTFE membrane were similar, the fluxes obtained for the two membranes when using muscadine pomace extracts were different. Concentration factors of close to 3 was obtained for anthocyanins. Membranes also showed slightly different performance in the concentration process. Membrane surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy. The results suggest that adsorption of these anthocyanins on the membrane surface lead to performance differences. In an actual operation, selection of an appropriate membrane and regeneration of the membrane will be important for optimized performance.

Practical Applications

Anthocyanins are valuable therapeutic compounds, which are found in the solid residue left following fruit juice pressing. However, recovery and concentration of these therapeutic compounds remains challenging due to their stability. Here, a novel membrane‐based unit operation has been investigated in order to concentrate the anthocyanins that have been extracted into aqueous solutions. The unit operation investigated here use mild processing conditions. Insights into the factors that need to be considered when optimizing of the unit operation for commercialization are discussed.
Changes Over the Fermentation Period in Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Blueberries Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Ryu Ji‐Yeon , Kang Hye Rim , Cho Somi Kim
Published: July 2019

This study determined the effects of blueberry fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum on antioxidant and anticancer activities. The fermented blueberries extracted with 80% ethanol (FBE) showed increased superoxide dismutase‐like activity, increased scavenging of DPPH and alkyl radicals, and increased antiproliferative activity against human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells by inducing apoptosis. Seven representative phenolic compounds (malvidin 3‐O‐glucopyranoside, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechol, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, and epigallocatechin) in FBE were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography at different fermentation times. The content of each phenolic compound in the FBE was dependent on the fermentation period. Protocatechuic acid and catechol levels increased significantly with fermentation time. Of these three major compounds (protocatechuic acid, catechol, and chlorogenic acid), catechol showed the most significant anticancer activity when HeLa cells were treated with each of these three compounds alone or mixed in various ratios. Pearson's product‐moment correlation analysis revealed that the increases in antioxidant and anticancer activities following blueberry fermentation were positively correlated with the phenolic acids present in FBE.

Practical Application

Blueberries fermented with a tannase‐producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus plantarum showed higher antioxidant activities and antiproliferative activities against human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells than did raw blueberries. L. plantarum fermentation biotransformed blueberry polyphenols into active phenol metabolites with strong antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Our results suggest that fermented blueberries are rich in phenolic acids, which are a promising source of natural antioxidants and anticancer drugs and can be used as additives in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic preparations.
Analysis of central venous access injuries from claims to the Swedish Patient Insurance Company 2009‐2017
Authors: Lindgren Sophie , Gustafson Pelle , Hammarskjöld Fredrik
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Insertion and use of central venous access devices (CVADs) can be associated with serious adverse events. The incidence is generally low but considering the vast use of CVADs the consequences can, from a patient safety and health economics perspective, be severe. No exact knowledge exists of number of catheters or complications in Sweden, as there is currently no comprehensive registry. The aim was to analyse injuries reported to the Swedish National Patient Insurance Company (Löf) within 7 days after insertion or removal of a CVAD.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of all injuries filed in the period 2009‐2017 was performed, evaluating patient data, type of catheter, insertion technique and type of injury. If the injury was deemed avoidable by Löf, degree of disability and mortality was registered.

Results

A total of 87 claims of injuries were found of which 36 (41%) were assessed as avoidable.

The most common injuries were: bleeding (18%), early infection (17%), pneumothorax (17%) and early thrombosis (15%). No patients died of their injuries, but 17 of 36 suffered permanent disability of varying degrees. Ultrasound‐guided insertion was used in 19% of the cases.

Conclusion

In Sweden, few injuries related to CVAD use are reported to Löf. About 40% of filed claims were categorized as having an avoidable injury and therefore eligible for compensation. About half of the compensated patients suffered a permanent disability. The results indicate underreporting of CVC‐related injuries in Sweden during the studied time‐period.
Managing Multiple Institutional Logics and the Use of Accounting: Insights from a German Higher Education Institution
Authors: Conrath‐Hargreaves Annemarie , Wüstemann Sonja
Published: July 2019

This paper examines the use of accounting in managing the co‐existence of different institutional logics in a German higher education institution (HEI), and its impact on the HEI. The study is of particular interest as the HEI analyzed pursued its own corporatization through a re‐organization from a state into a foundation university. We show that this corporatization through the adoption of new public management related ideas leads to institutional complexity arising from the co‐existence of extant state and emergent business logics. Our study suggests that HEIs may deploy particular accounting practices shaped by business logic only superficially, so as to satisfy stakeholders such as governmental authorities in order to enhance their legitimacy following a self‐imposed reform, while the operation of the HEI remains rooted in state logic. Specifically, the findings suggest that in the case of actual changes to the budgetary process arising through the corporatization and an emergent logic, failure to replace abandoned accounting practices shaped by a previously dominant logic with equivalent practices adhering to either extant or emerging logic(s), may put the organization at risk. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of the dangers of an organizational response to institutional complexity, referred to as reactive decoupling, in the management of institutional complexity and points to its negative impact on organizations' hybridization capability.
Hsp90β interacts with MDM2 to suppress p53‐dependent senescence during skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: He Min Yi , Xu Shui Bo , Qu Zi Hao , Guo Yue Mei , Liu Xiao Ceng , Cong Xiao Xia , Wang Jian Feng , Low Boon Chuan , Li Li , Wu Qiang , Lin Peng , Yan Shi Gui , Bao Zhang , Zhou Yi Ting , Zheng Li Ling
Published: July 2019

Cellular senescence plays both beneficial and detrimental roles in embryonic development and tissue regeneration, while the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Recent studies disclosed the emerging roles of heat‐shock proteins in regulating muscle regeneration and homeostasis. Here, we found that Hsp90β, but not Hsp90α isoform, was significantly upregulated during muscle regeneration. RNA‐seq analysis disclosed a transcriptional elevation of p21 in Hsp90β‐depleted myoblasts, which is due to the upregulation of p53. Moreover, knockdown of Hsp90β in myoblasts resulted in p53‐dependent cellular senescence. In contrast to the notion that Hsp90 interacts with and protects mutant p53 in cancer, Hsp90β preferentially bound to wild‐type p53 and modulated its degradation via a proteasome‐dependent manner. Moreover, Hsp90β interacted with MDM2, the chief E3 ligase of p53, to regulate the stability of p53. In line with these in vitro studies, the expression level of p53‐p21 axis was negatively correlated with Hsp90β in aged mice muscle. Consistently, administration of 17‐AAG, a Hsp90 inhibitor under clinical trial, impaired muscle regeneration by enhancing injury‐induced senescence in vivo. Taken together, our finding revealed a previously unappreciated role of Hsp90β in regulating p53 stability to suppress senescence both in vitro and in vivo.
The patient co‐payment and opportunity costs of accessing healthcare for Indigenous Australians with cancer: A whole of population data linkage study
Authors: Callander Emily , Bates Nicole , Lindsay Daniel , Larkins Sarah , Preston Robyn , Topp Stephanie M. , Cunningham Joan , Garvey Gail
Published: July 2019

Aim

To quantify the direct out‐of‐pocket patient co‐payments and time opportunity costs (length of hospital stay) incurred by Indigenous and non‐Indigenous persons diagnosed with cancer during the first year postdiagnosis.

Methods

CancerCostMod was used, which is a model of cancer costs based upon a whole‐of‐population data linkage. The base population was a census of all persons diagnosed with cancer in Queensland, Australia between 1 July 2011 and 30 June 2012 (n = 25,553). Individual records were linked to corresponding Queensland Health Admitted Patient Data Collection, Emergency Data Information System, Medicare Benefits Schedule, and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme records between 1 July 2011 and 30 June 2015. Queensland data were weighted to be representative of the Australian population (approximately 123,900 Australians, 1.7% Indigenous Australians).

Results

After adjusting for age, sex, rurality, area‐based deprivation, and cancer group, Indigenous Australians accrued significantly less in postdiagnosis patient co‐payments at 0–6 months (61% less) and 7–12 months (63% less). Indigenous Australians also had significantly fewer postdiagnosis hospitalizations at 0–6 months (21% fewer) and 7–12 months (27% fewer).

Conclusion

There is growing concern regarding the financial burden of cancer to the patient. The time spent away from family and their community may also have an important time opportunity cost, which may affect a person's decision to undertake or continue treatment. This is the first study in Australia to identify the financial cost of co‐payments for Indigenous people with cancer, as well as the number and length of hospitalizations as drivers of time opportunity costs.
In‐Situ Marginalisation: Social Impact of Chinese Mega‐Projects
Authors: Wang Zheng , Wu Fulong
Published: July 2019

This study offers a detailed analysis of an under‐researched social problem of in‐situ marginalisation and its causes by drawing on the concept of state entrepreneurialism. Our empirical data stem from the Lingang mega project in Shanghai and one of its neighbourhoods named Neighbourhood No.57 where we find that the residents have not been relocated but are instead suffering from declining public services and environmental quality from surrounding industrial developments. The root cause of this problem is the municipal government’s prioritisation of its strategic objectives of economic development over the livelihood of local residents. The strategic vision of the municipality has led to mass relocation in its early phases of development but in its later stages leaves many residents waiting for relocation whilst being gradually surrounded by industrial developments. Despite continued residential complaints and petitions, in‐situ marginalisation is not resolved due to the institutional arrangement of Lingang, which has centralised planning and financing powers to newly created project‐oriented state organisation. Social responsibilities have been relegated to lower‐tiered governments in Lingang which have neither planning power nor the financial resources to resolve the problems of residents. By examining the case of Lingang, this paper provides a different analytical framework for explaining the social problems emerging from China’s mega urban developments.
Perioperative blood product transfusion of two different perfusion strategies on pediatric patients undergoing aortic arch surgery
Authors: Tong Yuanyuan , Zhang Peiyao , Li Shoujun , Yan Jun , Feng Zhengyi , Zhao Ju , Guo Shengwen , Jin Yu , Liu Jinping
Published: July 2019

Simple regional cerebral perfusion (SRCP) or cerebro‐myocardial perfusion (CMP) is selectively used in one‐stage complex aortic arch malformation repair. This analysis was performed to investigate the effect of CMP and SRCP on perioperative blood product consumption, and to evaluate whether these two strategies have different effects on the clinical outcomes. A retrospective analysis of 284 children with complicated aortic malformation from January 2010 to June 2018 was performed. The overall cohort was divided into SRCP group (n = 202) and CMP group (n = 82). A comprehensive comparison of perioperative blood product consumption‐related indexes was performed. Cardiopulmonary bypass time, cardiac arrest time, cooling, and rewarming time in the CMP group were significantly shorter than those in the SRCP group (P < .05). Chest tube time was 3.82 ± 1.33 days in the SRCP group compared to 3.42 ± 0.97 days in the CMP group (P = .005). Moreover, intraoperative platelet (PLT) transfusion volume (mL/kg) and rate (%) were significantly lower in the CMP group (P < .001). Multivariate regression analysis found that intraoperative PLT transfusion was significantly negatively correlated with CMP management [OR = 0.237 (0.110‐0.507), P < .001] and CPB time was independently associated with delayed chest tube removal (>3 days) [OR = 1.010 (1.001‐1.020), P = .031]. In‐hospital mortality and early postoperative adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups. In children with on‐pump complex aortic arch surgeries, CMP is more preferable than SRCP in blood protection. However, overall prognosis was not remarkably different between these two perfusion groups. They are both safe and feasible.
Prescribers' views and experiences of using direct acting oral anticoagulants in the management of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: A survey in remote and rural Scotland
Authors: Generalova Daria , Cunningham Scott , Leslie Stephen J. , Rushworth Gordon , McIver Laura , Stewart Derek
Published: July 2019

Aims

A recent systematic review highlighted the lack of robust studies on prescribers' perspectives of direct‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The aim was to determine prescribers' views and experiences of prescribing DOACs.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of prescribers in a remote and rural area of Scotland. Survey items were: demographics; prescribing of DOACs; views of potential influences on DOAC prescribing; knowledge of prescribing guidelines; and experiences. Items on potential influences were based on the Theoretical Domains Framework. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and content analysis of responses to open questions. Principal component analysis was performed on the items of potential influences.

Results

In total, 154 responses were received, 120 (77.9%) from doctors, 18 (11.7%) from nurse prescribers and 10 (6.4%) from pharmacist prescribers (6 missing). Principal component analysis of the Theoretical Domains Framework items of potential influences gave 4 components. Component scores for (i) role of professionals, their knowledge and skills and (ii) influences on prescribing were positive. Those for (iii) consequences of prescribing and (iv) monitoring for safety and effectiveness were more neutral. There were low levels of agreement for statements relating to DOACs being more effective, safer and cost‐effective than warfarin. There were similar responses around the complexity of bleeding management and detection of over and under‐anticoagulation.

Conclusion

This study has identified several key issues of DOAC prescribing (e.g. bleeding management) hence further emphasis is required in continuing professional development and during guideline implementation and evaluation.
Basic fibroblast growth factor blockade enhances lung cancer cell invasion by activating the AKT/MMP‐2/VEGF pathway
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Xu Huan , Zhang Junai , Jin Hua , Wei Pei
Published: July 2019

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can stimulate cancer cell growth and invasion; however, the influence of bFGF blockade remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effects of bFGF blockade on the growth and invasion in A549 (high bFGF expression) and H2122 (low bFGF expression) lung cancer cells. We found that the blocking of bFGF by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody suppressed the growth of A549 cells but not of H2122 cells, as well as strongly induced the invasiveness of A549 cancer cells. Furthermore, bFGF blockade activated the AKT pathway and enhanced the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in A549 cells. These responses could be reversed by treatment with AKT inhibitor and siMMP‐2, thus indicating the involvement of the AKT/MMP‐2/VEGF‐positive feedback loop. Finally, we confirmed that the anti‐bFGF‐induced invasion of cancer cells could be rescued by inhibiting the AKT/MMP‐2/VEGF loop. Our results revealed that bFGF blockade suppresses cell growth but promotes cell invasion in lung cancer cells with high bFGF expression levels. Our data further reinforced the importance of the AKT/MMP‐2/VEGF loop in regulating anti‐bFGF‐induced tumour cell invasion and suggested the limitations of the bFGF‐targeting strategy in lung cancer treatment.
Optimal clinical management of children receiving ketogenic parenteral nutrition: a clinical practice guide
Authors: van der Louw Elles , Aldaz Vanessa , Harvey Jessica , Roan Marian , van den Hurk Dorine , Cross J Helen , Auvin Stéphane ,   Review Group
Published: July 2019

Aim

To give evidence‐based recommendations on the application of ketogenic diet parenteral nutrition (KD‐PN) in emergency situations.

Method

An international group of experts (n=14) researched the literature and distributed a survey among 150 expert centers. International accepted guidelines (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism/European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition) and handbooks for parenteral nutrition were considered general standards of care.

Results

In the literature, we identified 35 reports of patients treated by KD‐PN. International guidelines and handbooks provided some conflicting information. Twenty‐four expert teams from nine countries responded to the survey, reflecting the limited clinical experience.

Interpretation

This paper highlights 23 consensus‐based recommendations for safe and effective KD‐PN (e.g. diet initiation, calculation, application, monitoring, and evaluation) based on the best evidence available and expert opinions.

What this paper adds

In acute settings, ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) can be administered parenterally.

Parenteral administration of KDT should be started only at the intensive care unit.

Initiate ketogenic parenteral nutrition stepwise to the highest ratio possible with the lowest level of complications.

Evaluate the risk–benefit ratio of parenteral administration continuously.

Restart enteral feeding as soon as appropriate.
There is value in treating elevated levels of diabetes distress: the clinical impact of targeted interventions in adults with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hessler D. , Fisher L. , Polonsky W. , Strycker L. , Parra J. , Bowyer V. , Dedhia M. , Masharani U.
Published: July 2019

Aim

To compare the effect of targeted interventions to reduce high diabetes distress among adults with Type 1 diabetes with a comparison sample of similar but untreated individuals, and to document the stability of untreated diabetes distress over time.

Methods

A total of 51 adults with Type 1 diabetes with elevated baseline diabetes distress (distress score ≥ 2.0) and HbA1c levels (≥ 58 mmol/mol) were identified from a longitudinal, non‐intervention study, and compared with a similar sample of 51 participants in an intervention study. Both groups completed the T1‐DDS diabetes distress questionnaire at baseline and 9 months.

Results

Large and significant reductions in diabetes distress scores were recorded in the intervention group (mean ± sd change = –0.6 ± 0.6), while minimal change was found in the non‐intervention group (–0.2 ± 0.6, group effect P = 0.002; effect size d = 0.67). Additional analyses using the established minimal clinically important difference for the T1‐DDS showed that diabetes distress increased significantly (minimal clinically important difference ≥ 1) or persisted at high levels for 51% of participants in the non‐intervention group, compared with 23.5% in the intervention group.

Conclusion

Our results showed that targeted interventions led to dramatic reductions in diabetes distress compared with a lack of treatment. We also conclude that elevated diabetes distress, when left unaddressed, does not resolve over time and often remains chronic. (Clinical Trials Registry no.: NCT02175732)
The power of narratives: Explaining inaction on gender mainstreaming in Uganda’s climate change policy
Authors: Acosta Mariola , van Wessel Margit , van Bommel Severine , Ampaire Edidah L. , Jassogne Laurence , Feindt Peter H.
Published: July 2019

Motivation

Gender mainstreaming has been increasingly viewed as a fundamental element of agricultural climate adaptation policies. However, the expectation that gender‐mainstreaming efforts would contribute towards greater gender equality has been mostly disappointed. Our starting point is this disjuncture between a firm establishment of the gender mainstreaming discourse and the limited visible effects in reducing gender inequalities.

Purpose

To understand this disjuncture we examine the meanings through which policy makers relate to, and dis/engage with gender issues. The article draws attention to the role of narratives in micro‐processes of policymaking that support, perpetuate or create resistance against the concept of gender mainstreaming, or against policy change more broadly.

Approach and methods

The study deploys a multi‐step narrative analysis in which we identify story episodes, co‐construct stories, identify and interpret the narratives and finally study these narratives in interaction. The empirical material consists of thirty semi‐standardized expert interviews as well as excerpts from ten multi‐stakeholder meetings on the themes of climate change, agriculture, rural livelihoods and gender in Uganda.

Findings

The analysis reveals a complex ecology of 22 stories, clustered in five main narratives. While most stories unfold a Gender Equality narrative, four competing narratives emerge. Shifts during conversations from the Gender Equality narrative to other narratives reveal that the discursive engagement with gender mainstreaming is accompanied by simultaneous resistance, deconstruction and revocation. These narrative shifts exercise four distinct power effects: They (1) shift blame for ineffective gender implementation; (2) legitimize policy inaction; (3) foreground and naturalize patriarchy; and (4) promote the diversion of resources. The implicit communicative strategies exercise power through ideas (persuade listeners that the equality narrative is inappropriate), power over ideas (gender equality ideas are rejected or frustrated) and power in ideas (entrenched patriarchy ideas are reproduced).

Policy implications

Attention to ideational power through policy narrative contributes to explain implementation issues with gender mainstreaming in Uganda, and is likely to be relevant beyond this case.
THE EFFECTS OF MEDICAL MARIJUANA DISPENSARIES ON ADVERSE OPIOID OUTCOMES
Authors: Smith Rhet A.
Published: July 2019

As more states enact laws liberalizing marijuana use and the U.S. opioid epidemic surges to unprecedented levels, understanding the relationship between marijuana and opioids is growing increasingly important. Using a unique self‐constructed marijuana dispensary dataset, I estimate the impact of increased marijuana access on opioid‐related harms. I exploit within‐ and across‐state variation in dispensary openings and find county‐level prescription opioid‐related fatalities decline by 11% following the opening a dispensary. The estimated dispensary effects are qualitatively similar for opioid‐related admissions to treatment facilities. These results are strongest for males and suggest a substitutability between marijuana and opioids.
A leader in an emerging new international market: the determinants of French wine exports, 1848–1938
Authors: Ayuda María‐Isabel , Ferrer‐Pérez Hugo , Pinilla Vicente
Published: July 2019

The objective of this article is to provide an in‐depth study of France's performance in the new international wine market that began to take shape from the middle of the nineteenth century. We analyse the main determinants of its success in exporting ordinary and high‐quality wine using a gravity model for both types of wine. The article shows how France lost foreign markets in the ordinary wine sector, due to difficulties in maintaining its exports, which resulted from the decrease in production caused by the phylloxera plague and increasing competition from growing numbers of producers who were more efficient at producing these types of wines. However, in the high‐quality wine market, French exporters enjoyed considerable success, increasing their exports thanks to their efforts to offer a product that was highly valued abroad and the use of modern marketing and sales techniques. The exports benefited from the fall in transport costs and French colonial expansion. However, exports of both products were severely affected by a series of major events, including the First World War, the Russian Revolution, Prohibition in the US, and the Great Depression. This case study of the wine market shows that the collapse of the first globalization was not the same for all products.
Fear of humans as apex predators has landscape‐scale impacts from mountain lions to mice
Authors: Suraci Justin P. , Clinchy Michael , Zanette Liana Y. , Wilmers Christopher C.
Published: July 2019

Apex predators such as large carnivores can have cascading, landscape‐scale impacts across wildlife communities, which could result largely from the fear they inspire, although this has yet to be experimentally demonstrated. Humans have supplanted large carnivores as apex predators in many systems, and similarly pervasive impacts may now result from fear of the human ‘super predator’. We conducted a landscape‐scale playback experiment demonstrating that the sound of humans speaking generates a landscape of fear with pervasive effects across wildlife communities. Large carnivores avoided human voices and moved more cautiously when hearing humans, while medium‐sized carnivores became more elusive and reduced foraging. Small mammals evidently benefited, increasing habitat use and foraging. Thus, just the sound of a predator can have landscape‐scale effects at multiple trophic levels. Our results indicate that many of the globally observed impacts on wildlife attributed to anthropogenic activity may be explained by fear of humans.
Airborne exposure to gaseous and particle‐associated organic substances in resin‐based dental materials during restorative procedures
Authors: Nilsen Bo W. , Jensen Einar , Örtengren Ulf , Bang Berit , Michelsen Vibeke B.
Published: July 2019

Dental composite dust has been shown to act as a vehicle for methacrylates in vivo/in vitro. The objective of this study was to assess airborne exposure of dental personnel to gaseous and particle‐associated organic constituents from resin‐based dental materials in a simulated clinic. Sampling of total aerosol fractions and gaseous substances was performed by dental students carrying particle filters and gas sorbents attached to a personal pump during preclinical restorative procedures in phantom models (n = 13). Water from the phantoms was sampled. Organic substances were extracted from the sampled water, particle filters, and gas sorbents. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS). The methacrylates 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and the additives camphorquinone (CQ), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ethyl 4‐(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), were quantified in the gas and particle fractions sampled. A positive‐control experiment was conducted. No methacrylates were detected in the gas or particle fractions sampled, whereas strong signals for methacrylates were detected in the positive controls, matching the analysis of the uncured material. In addition, TEGDMA and DMABEE were quantified in the sampled water. Airborne exposure to constituents in resin‐based dental materials was below the detection limit. However, the extent of exposure is probably dependent on the procedure, preventive measures, and type of materials used.
CDKL5 deficiency disorder: Relationship between genotype, epilepsy, cortical visual impairment, and development
Authors: Demarest Scott T. , Olson Heather E. , Moss Angela , Pestana‐Knight Elia , Zhang Xiaoming , Parikh Sumit , Swanson Lindsay C. , Riley Katherine D. , Bazin Grace A. , Angione Katie , Niestroj Lisa‐Marie , Lal Dennis , Juarez‐Colunga Elizabeth , Benke Tim A.
Published: July 2019

Objective

The cyclin‐dependent kinase like 5 (CDKL5) gene is a known cause of early onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, also known as CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD). We sought to (1) provide a description of seizure types in patients with CDD, (2) provide an assessment of the frequency of seizure‐free periods and cortical visual impairment (CVI), (3) correlate these features with genotype and gender, and (4) correlate these features with developmental milestones.

Methods

This is a cohort study of patients with CDD. Phenotypic features were explored and correlated with gene variant grouping and gender. A developmental score was created based on achieving seven primary milestones. Phenotypic variables were correlated with the developmental score to explore markers of better developmental outcomes. Multivariate linear regression was used to account for age at last visit.

Results

Ninety‐two patients with CDD were seen during the enrollment period. Eighteen were male (19%); median age at last visit was 5 years (interquartile range = 2.0‐11.0). Eighty‐one percent of patients developed epileptic spasms, but only 47% of those also had hypsarrhythmia. Previously described hypermotor‐tonic‐spasms sequence was seen in only 24% of patients, but 56% of patients had seizures with multiple phases (often tonic and spasms). Forty‐three percent of patients experienced a seizure‐free period ranging from 1 to >12 months, but only 6% were still seizure‐free at the last visit. CVI was present in 75% of all CDD patients. None of these features was associated with genotype group or gender. CVI was correlated with reduced milestone achievement after adjusting for age at last visit and a history of hypsarrhythmia.

Significance

The most common seizure types in CDD are epileptic spasms (often without hypsarrhythmia) and tonic seizures that may cluster together. CVI is a common feature in CDD and is correlated with achieving fewer milestones.
Effect of antimicrobial peptides HNP‐1 and hBD‐1 on Staphylococcus aureus strains in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Bolatchiev Albert , Baturin Vladimir , Bazikov Igor , Maltsev Alexander , Kunitsina Elena
Published: July 2019

The aims of this study were: (i) To investigate the activity of recombinant AMPs HNP‐1 and hBD‐1 in combination with cefotaxime against Staphylococcus aureus strains (MSSA and MRSA) in vitro using checkerboard method; (ii) To investigate the activity of HNP‐1 and hBD‐1 encapsulated in silicon nanoparticles (niosomes) in the treatment of MRSA‐infected wound in rats. For this S. aureus strains (MSSA and MRSA) were isolated from patients with diabetic foot infection. Cefotaxime, recombinant HNP‐1 and hBD‐1 (in all possible combinations with each other) were used for testing by the checkerboard method. Two niosomal topical gels with HNP‐1/hBD‐1 were prepared to treat MRSA‐infected wounds in rats. Gels were administered once a day, the control group–without treatment. Wound healing rate was calculated on the 4th, 9th and 16th days of the experiment and compared using one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. MIC of HNP‐1 for MSSA and MRSA was the same–1 mg/L. MIC of hBD‐1 for MSSA and MRSA was also the same–0.5 mg/L. Topical gels with niosomal HNP‐1 (or hBD‐1) showed a significantly faster wound healing in comparison with the control. The data obtained open up prospects for use of AMPs encapsulated in silica nanoparticles for the development of new antibiotics.