bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revealing the Role of Methylammonium Iodide Purity on the Vapor‐Phase Deposition Process of Perovskites
Authors: Roß Marcel , Stutz Marvin B. , Albrecht Steve
Published: July 2022

Vapor deposition processes, well established in the industry, are considered a cost‐effective manufacturing route for large‐area depositions of lead halide perovskites. However, the vapor deposition of perovskites is constrained by its low reproducibility, whereby in particular the evaporation of methylammonium iodide (MAI) is frequently reported as extremely challenging. Herein, the influence of impurities on the evaporation dynamics of MAI is analyzed. It is proved that MAI heated in a high vacuum, depending on the purity, either undergoes a sublimation with a subsequent desublimation or a chemical decomposition with a following reverse reaction, leading to solid MAI in both cases. In situ mass spectrometry enables us to show that low purity MAI containing water and methylammonium phosphite impurities mainly sublimes, which results in a directional and by crystal microbalances traceable evaporation. In contrast, high purity MAI sublimes at higher temperatures and tends to form decomposition products such as methylamine and hydrogen iodide, which omnidirectional diffuse and can react with lead iodide to perovskite. The findings reveal the reason for the reported challenges, serve as a guideline for future material selections, and can enhance the reproducibility of the evaporation process to achieve a more controlled solar cell fabrication.
3D‐Printed Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Composites for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Hussain Mian Zahid , Großmann Paula F. , Kohler Fabian , Kratky Tim , Kronthaler Laura , van der Linden Bart , Rodewald Katia , Rieger Bernhard , Fischer Roland A. , Xia Yongde
Published: July 2022

Direct ink writing technique is used to 3D print Ti‐metal–organic framework (MOF) NH2‐MIL‐125 mixed with boehmite dispersal. Pt is also deposited onto 3D‐printed monolith using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to offer additional catalytic sites. The Ti‐MOF‐derived powder sample and the pyrolyzed 3D‐printed monolith samples are evaluated for photocatalytic H2 evolution under UV–vis light. As a proof of concept, herein, it is demonstrated that 3D‐printed MOF‐derived monolith photocatalysts show five times higher H2 evolution performance compared with TiO2/C powder sample due to better interaction between 3D‐printed photocatalysts and the incident light. The high surface area, the formation of hierarchical macro‐ to nanopores, and the optimizable shape/size of the 3D‐printed catalyst maximize the exposure of catalytic active sites to incident photons and increase their photocatalytic H2 evolution performance. In addition, the N‐functionalized porous carbon from organic linker, and the uniformly distributed Pt/PtOx species deposited by ALD, provide cocatalytic active sites for photocatalytic reaction and further enhance photocatalytic activity 30% of 3D‐printed monoliths. This work on the 3D‐printed MOF‐derived free‐standing monoliths for photocatalytic application provides a readily available approach to further fabricate a variety of 3D‐printed MOF‐based and derived materials for different energy and environment applications.
Heat Management Strategy for All‐Inorganic, Full‐Spectral Concentrator CsPbBr3/Bi2Te3‐Integrated Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Qiyao , Zhao Yuanyuan , Tang Qunwei , Duan Jialong
Published: July 2022

A solution to breaking through the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit of solar cells is to increase the irradiation intensity beyond one standard sun by means of fabricating concentrator photovoltaics (CPVs). Herein, it is demonstrated that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of carbon‐electrode, all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cell (PSC) can be enhanced to 10.08% under 5 suns from 8.94% under one sun. The efficiency improvement mainly contributes to the especially boosted open‐circuit voltage (Voc) up to 1.643 V, which is delivered by the high‐irradiation enlarged quasi‐Fermi‐level splitting in CsPbBr3 perovskite film. The substantially detrimental heat induced by carbon electrode owing to its full‐spectral absorbance to light is further used by integrating a Bi2Te3 thermoelectric generator (TEG) into this all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 PSC to play the role of refrigerant under concentrated light condition. The CsPbBr3/Bi2Te3‐integrated device achieves a PCE of 12.46% with an ultrahigh Voc of 2.114 V by the photovoltaic–thermoelectric principle. More importantly, the integrated solar cell maintains over 90% of the initial efficiency after 150 h irradiation under 5 suns, suggesting a great potential to enhance efficiency by fabricating integrated perovskite/thermoelectric devices.
ExploringEAPinstructors' evaluation of classroom‐based integrated essays
Authors: Uludag Pakize , McDonough Kim
Published: July 2022

Due to its authenticity as an academic writing task, integrated writing assessment has become widely used for assessing the writing ability of English for academic purposes (EAP) students (Plakans & Gebril, 2017). However, apart from validation studies focusing on a common set of standardized test rubrics (e.g., Chan, Inoue, & Taylor, 2015), little research has explored the construct of integration or how to assess it effectively in EAP contexts. To provide second language (L2) writing researchers and practitioners with an empirically based model of source integration, this study explored EAP instructors' orientations when assessing integrated essays and investigated the relationship between instructor ratings and textual measures of source use. Six experienced EAP instructors first evaluated two sample argumentative essays written by undergraduate English L2 students and provided comments through a stimulated recall interview. Next, they evaluated 48 additional argumentative essays using an analytic rubric that included dimensions of source use and provided comments for each essay. Finally, the essays were analyzed for linguistic and rhetorical features associated with source integration. Triangulation of data sources revealed that the instructors oriented to three aspects of source integration: using source information to support personal claims, incorporating source‐text language in students' own words, and representing source content accurately. Their ratings were correlated with text‐based measures of students' source use. Implications for teaching and assessing integrated writing in EAP settings are discussed.
Dysfunction of the retromer complex system contributes to amyloid and tau pathology in a stem cell model of Down syndrome
Authors: Curtis Mary Elizabeth , Smith Tiffany , Blass Benjamin E. , Praticò Domenico
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Retromer complex proteins are decreased in Down syndrome (DS) brains and correlate inversely with brain amyloidosis. However, whether retromer dysfunction contributes to the amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau neuropathology of DS remains unknown.

Methods

Human trisomic induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) and isogenic controls were differentiated into forebrain neurons, and changes in retromer proteins, tau phosphorylated epitopes, and Aβ levels were assessed in euploid and trisomic neurons using western blot and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Genetic overexpression and pharmacological retromer stabilization were used to determine the functional role of the retromer complex system in modulating amyloid and tau pathology.

Results

Trisomic neurons developed age‐dependent retromer core protein deficiency associated with accumulation of Aβ peptides and phosphorylated tau isoforms. Enhancing retromer function through overexpression or pharmacological retromer stabilization reduced amyloid and tau pathology in trisomic neurons. However, the effect was greater using a pharmacological approach, suggesting that targeting the complex stability may be more effective in addressing this neuropathology in DS.

Discussion

Our results demonstrate that the retromer complex is directly involved in the development of the neuropathologic phenotype in DS, and that pharmacological stabilization of the complex should be considered as a novel therapeutic tool in people with DS.
Home health utilization association with discharge to community for people with dementia
Authors: Knox Sara , Downer Brian , Haas Allen , Ottenbacher Kenneth J.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The objective of this study was to identify home health utilization factors associated with successful discharge to community after home health care for patients with and without Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Methods

This was a retrospective study of 100% national Medicare home health data files (2016 to 2017). Multilevel logistic regression was used to study the relationship of home health utilization with a modified definition of successful discharge to community (M‐SDC) after home health (no readmission or discharge within 30 days). Significant interactions were identified using backward selection. The associations between domains were examined in a model stratified by ADRD, with and without controlling for mobility, self‐care, and caregiver assistance.

Results

The cohort consisted of 535,691 patients, 18.0% with ADRD. The overall M‐SDC rate was 92.1%. The likelihood of M‐SDC was increased when physical therapy services were provided, episodes of care were longer than 15 days, and the total number of therapy visits was greater than 10. The likelihood of M‐SDC decreased when speech therapy, nursing, and home health aide services were provided and when patients were discharged early. When controlling for mobility, self‐care, and caregiver support, length of home health episode was the only characteristic that showed a significant interaction with ADRD.

Discussion

The results of this study indicate that the provision of physical therapy services and moderate lengths of care and volume of visits are associated with increased likelihood of M‐SDC. A decreased likelihood of M‐SDC when speech therapy, nursing, and home health aide services are delivered may be a proxy indicator of patient acuity and disease severity and needs to be further investigated. An important next step in understanding home health access and outcomes for people with ADRD is to examine the impact of the Patient‐Driven Groupings Model on home health utilization characteristics, especially length of episodes.

Highlights

Most people remain in the community after discharge from home health.

Likelihood of modified successful discharge to community (M‐SDC) increased with physical therapy, longer episodes, and more than 10 visits.

Likelihood of M‐SDC decreased with speech therapy, skilled nursing, home health aide visits, and early discharge.

Longer home health episodes increased likelihood of M‐SDC for people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
Nitrogen removal and microbial mechanisms in a novel tubular bioreactor‐enhanced floating treatment wetland for the treatment of high nitrate river water
Authors: Cui He , Yang Yinchuan , Zhang Xin , Dong Lei , Yang Yifeng , Huang Minsheng , He Yan , Lu Xueqin , Zhen Guangyin
Published: July 2022

A novel tubular bioreactor‐enhanced floating treatment wetland (TB‐EFTW) was developed for the in situ treatment of high nitrate river water. When compared with the enhanced floating treatment wetland (EFTW), the TB‐EFTW system achieved 30% higher total nitrogen removal efficiency. Further, the average TN level of the TB‐EFTW effluent was below the Grade IV requirement (1.5 mg/L) specified in Chinese standard (GB3838‐2002). Microbial analysis revealed that both aerobic and anoxic denitrifying bacteria coexisted in the new system. The relative abundance of aerobic and anoxic denitrifiers were 42.69% and 22% at the middle and end of the tubular bioreactor (TB), respectively. It is reasonable to assume that effective nitrogen removal can mainly be attributed to the addition of solid carbon source and the spatial difference in DO distribution (oxic–anoxic areas in sequence) inside the TB. The initial investment cost and operating costs associated with the TB‐EFTW system are approximately 14,000 and 3500 yuan per 1000 m3 river water, respectively. Considering its low cost, minimal maintenance requirements, and effective nitrogen removal, this newly developed system can be regarded as a promising technology for treating high nitrate river water.

Practitioner Points

A novel TB‐EFTW system was developed to upgrade traditional in situ treatment techniques.

The TB‐EFTW could achieve 30% higher nitrogen removal efficiency than EFTWs.

Both aerobic and anoxic denitrifying bacteria coexisted in the system.

The system shows better technical and economic performance compared with routine techniques.
Residual dorsal displacement following surgery in distal radial fractures: A cause for trouble?
Authors: Falk Steffi S. I. , Mittlmeier Thomas , Gradl Georg
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Distal radius fractures have great impact on activities of daily living of affected patients. Repeatedly, a non-anatomic restoration of the volar tilt can be observed in a minimum of 20% in postoperative X-ray control examinations. Hence, the question arises whether the achieved reduction is functionally acceptable, or whether a further attempt should be made to improve the surgical outcome.

Methods

The data presented here originate from a prospective analysis including three therapy studies on surgical treatment options for fractures of the distal radius between 2004 and 2011. For this study, the participants were divided into two groups: The first group represents the cases with non-anatomical restoration of the volar tilt with − 5° to 5°. The second group contains patients with an anatomical volar tilt between 6° and 15°.

Results

A total of 624 patients were screened according to the inclusion criteria. Radiological evaluation showed consolidation of all fractures. The mean volar tilt as measured in standard x-rays of the wrist was 0° and 8°, respectively. The range of wrist motion in relation of the healthy opposite side was comparable in all directions (for example comparison group 1: Ext/Flex 94/94%; group 2: Ext/Flex 93/93%). Functional assessment of postoperative midterm results employing the Castaing and Gartland & Werley scores 2.3 years after surgery did not reveal significant differences between both groups.

Conclusion

According to the available data, a volar tilt in the range of − 5° to 5° can be tolerated intraoperatively without any risk of loss of function regarding the patient's manual abilities.
A review of the potential of lichen substances as antifungal agents: the effects of extracts and lichen secondary metabolites on Fusarium fungi
Authors: Furmanek Łukasz , Czarnota Paweł , Seaward Mark R. D.
Published: July 2022

The present meta-analysis provides literature data on the effect of lichen extracts and single secondary metabolites used againstFusariumspp. moulds. Lichen extracts were obtained from 51 corticolous, 17 terricolous and 18 saxicolous lichen species and 37 secondary compounds were tested against eight fungal species, i.e.,Fusarium acuminatum,F. avenaceum,F. culmorum,F. fujikuroi,F. oxysporum,F. roseum,F. solaniandF. udum. The researchers used several test methods, mostly to determine MIC and IZ. Extracts were obtained using several solvents, mainly organic ones with use of the Soxhlet apparatus. The most frequently tested species wasF. oxysporum, against which lichen substances fromAlectoria sarmentosa,Cladonia mitis,C. rangiferina,Flavoparmelia caperata,Hypotrachyna cirrhata,Leucodermia leucomelos,Parmotrema austrosinense,P. reticulatum,Physcia aipolia,Pseudevernia furfuracea,Roccella montagneiandUmbilicaria nylanderianaand secondary metabolites such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoic acid, atranorin, lecanoric and (+)-usnic acids showed the highest antifungal potential. These agencies could compete with the potential of fungicides, such as flucytosine and fluconazole. Other species have been poorly investigated. Statistical analysis of literature data showed that the fungistatic potential of lichen extracts is significantly different from individual secondary metabolites. Similarly, the potential of secondary metabolites often differs significantly from that of non-lichen substances. This meta-analysis indicates the potential of lichen substances as future anti-fusarial agents.
Isothermal circular strand displacement–based assay for microRNA detection in liquid biopsy
Authors: Bellassai Noemi , D’Agata Roberta , Spoto Giuseppe
Published: July 2022

Extracellular miRNAs are promising targets for developing new assays for the early diagnosis and prognosis of diseases based on liquid biopsy. The detection of miRNAs in liquid biopsies is challenged by their short sequence length, low concentration, and interferences with bodily fluid components. Isothermal circular strand displacement polymerization has emerged as a convenient method for nucleic acid amplification and detection. Herein, we describe an innovative strategy for microRNA detection directly from biological fluids based on hairpin probe–assisted isothermal amplification reaction. We designed and optimized the assay to detect target analytes in 1 µL of the complex media’s biological matrix using a microfluidic device for the straightforward analysis of multiple samples. We validated the assay to detect circulating miR-127-5p in synovial fluid, recently indicated as a predictive biomarker for osteoarthritis disease. The combined use of a mutant polymerase operating with high yield and a primer incorporating locked nucleic acid nucleosides allowed detection of miR-127-5p with 34 fmol L−1 LOD. We quantified circulating miR-127-5p directly in synovial fluid, thus demonstrating that the assay may be employed for the convenient detection of 4.3 ± 0.5 pmol L−1 concentrated miRNAs in liquid biopsy samples.

Graphical abstract
Non-hypervascular hepatobiliary phase hypointense lesions detected in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a post hoc analysis of SORAMIC trial to identify risk factors for progression
Authors: Öcal Osman , Zech Christoph J. , Fabritius Matthias P. , Loewe Christian , van Delden Otto , Vandecaveye Vincent , Gebauer Bernhard , Berg Thomas , Sengel Christian , Bargellini Irene , Iezzi Roberto , Benito Alberto , Pech Maciej , Gasbarrini Antonio , Sangro Bruno , Malfertheiner Peter , Ricke Jens , Seidensticker Max
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To identify clinical and imaging parameters associated with progression of non-hypervascular hepatobiliary phase hypointense lesions during follow-up in patients who received treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods

A total of 67 patients with 106 lesions were identified after screening 538 patients who underwent gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI within the SORAMIC trial. All patients were allocated to the trial treatment according to the trial scheme, and 61 of 67 patients received systemic treatment with sorafenib (either alone or combined with locoregional therapies) during the trial period. Follow-up images after treatment according to trial scheme were reviewed for subsequent hypervascularization or > 1 cm size increase. The correlation between progression and several imaging and clinical parameters was assessed using univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results

On a median 178 (range, 48–1072) days follow-up period, progression was encountered in 18 (16.9%) lesions in 12 (17.9%) patients. In univariable analysis size > 12.6 mm (p = 0.070), ECOG-PS (p = 0.025), hypointensity at T1-weighted imaging (p = 0.028), hyperintensity at T2-weighted imaging (p < 0.001), hyperintensity at DWI images (p = 0.007), and cirrhosis (p = 0.065) were correlated with progression during follow-up. Hyperintensity at T2 images (p = 0.011) was an independent risk factor for progression in multivariable analysis, as well as cirrhosis (p = 0.033) and ECOG-PS (p = 0.030).

Conclusions

Non-hypervascular hepatobiliary phase hypointense lesions are associated with subsequent progression after treatment in patients with HCC. T2 hyperintensity, diffusion restriction, cirrhosis, and higher ECOG-PS could identify lesions with increased risk. These factors should be considered for further diagnostic evaluation or treatment of such lesions.

Key Points

• Non-hypervascular hepatobiliary phase hypointense lesions have considerable risk of progression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving treatment.

• T2 hyperintensity, cirrhosis, ECOG-PS, and hyperintensity at DWI are associated with increased risk of progression.

• Non-hypervascular hepatobiliary phase hypointense lesions should be considered in the decision-making process of locoregional therapies, especially in the presence of these risk factors.
Humoral response and safety of the third booster dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab or fingolimod
Authors: Capuano Rocco , Altieri Manuela , Conte Miriana , Bisecco Alvino , d’Ambrosio Alessandro , Donnarumma Giovanna , Grimaldi Elena , Coppola Nicola , Medici Nicola , Galdiero Massimiliano , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Gallo Antonio
Published: July 2022

Background

The assessment of the safety and the humoral response to a third booster dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is relevant in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) treated with Ocrelizumab (OCR) or Fingolimod (FNG).

Methods

Serum samples were collected from Healthy controls (HCs) and pwMS treated with OCR or FNG at the following time-points: before the first of two vaccine doses (T0); 8 (T1), 16 (T2), 24 (T3) weeks after the first dose; within 8 weeks before (T0b) and after (T1b) the booster dose. IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike protein (Anti-TSP IgG) were quantified and expressed as binding antibody units (BAU)/mL.

Results

40 HCs, 28 pwMS on OCR and 19 on FNG were included. At T0b 12 (42.9%) pwMS on OCR and 6 (31.6%) on FNG were still positive while, at T1b 16 (57.14%) pwMS on OCR and 16 (84.2%) on FNG, passed the threshold of positivity. The increase of Anti-TSP IgG levels at T1b was higher for: (i) HCs with respect to OCR (p < 0.001) and FNG (p = 0.032) groups; (ii) pwMS on FNG compared with pwMS on OCR (p < 0.001). No socio-demographic, clinical or laboratory variables were able to predict the anti-TSP IgG increase between T0b and T1b. Neither clinical relapses nor severe adverse events were reported in pwMS after each dose of vaccine.

Conclusions

The third booster dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to OCR- and FNG-treated pwMS revives the humoral response, independently of any clinical variable, and manifests a good safety and tolerability profile.
The walnut shell network: 3D visualisation of symplastic and apoplastic transport routes in sclerenchyma tissue
Authors: Antreich Sebastian J. , Huss Jessica C. , Xiao Nannan , Singh Adya , Gierlinger Notburga
Published: July 2022

Main conclusion

High symplastic connectivity via pits was linked to the lignification of the developing walnut shell. With maturation, this network lessened, whereas apoplastic intercellular space remained and became relevant for shell drying.

The shell of the walnut (Juglans regia) sclerifies within several weeks. This fast secondary cell wall thickening and lignification of the shell tissue might need metabolites from the supporting husk tissue. To reveal the transport capacity of the walnut shell tissue and its connection to the husk, we visualised the symplastic and apoplastic transport routes during shell development by serial block face-SEM and 3D reconstruction. We found an extensive network of pit channels connecting the cells within the shell tissue, but even more towards the husk tissue. Each pit channel ended in a pit field, which was occupied by multiple plasmodesmata passing through the middle lamella. During shell development, secondary cell wall formation progressed towards the interior of the cell, leaving active pit channels open. In contrast, pit channels, which had no plasmodesmata connection to a neighbouring cell, got filled by cellulose layers from the inner cell wall lamellae. A comparison with other nut species showed that an extended network during sclerification seemed to be linked to high cell wall lignification and that the connectivity between cells got reduced with maturation. In contrast, intercellular spaces between cells remained unchanged during the entire sclerification process, allowing air and water to flow through the walnut shell tissue when mature. The connectivity between inner tissue and environment was essential during shell drying in the last month of nut development to avoid mould formation. The findings highlight how connectivity and transport work in developing walnut shell tissue and how finally in the mature state these structures influence shell mechanics, permeability, conservation and germination.
Flexible endoscopy in the visualization of 3D-printed maxillary sinus and clinical application
Authors: Xu ZhengRong , Zhang Xin , Dou Xin , Lin ChuanYao , Wang HanDong , Song ShengHua , Yu ChenJie , Cui XinYan , Gao Xia
Published: July 2022

Background

During postoperative follow-up, the visible range of maxillary sinus (MS) is limited, even combining 0° and 70° rigid endoscopes together. Flexible endoscope has been used in larynx examinations for a long time, but rarely in nasal cavity and sinus. We aimed to evaluate the application values of rigid and flexible endoscopes for visualization of MS.

Methods

We followed up 70 patients with lesions in MS via both rigid and flexible endoscopes. In addition, we used thin-slice CT image of the sinus to create a MS model and divided it into two parts for 3D printing. The inner surface of the 3D-printed sinus was marked with grid papers of the same size (5 mm × 5 mm), then the visual range under rigid endoscopes with different angle and flexible endoscopes was calculated and analyzed.

Results

In clinical follow-up, we found that flexible endoscopy can reach where rigid endoscopy cannot, which is more sensitive than medical imaging. Endoscopes showed the largest observation range of the posterolateral wall, more than half of which can be visualized by 0° endoscope. Almost all of the posterolateral wall can be revealed under 45° endoscope, 70° endoscope and flexible endoscope. The visual range of each wall under flexible endoscope is generally greater than that under rigid endoscopes, especially of the anterior wall, medial wall and inferior wall.

Conclusion

There was obviously overall advantage of using flexible endoscope in postoperative follow-up of MS lesions. Flexible endoscopy can expand the range of observation, and improve the early detection of the recurrent lesion. We recommend flexible endoscope as a routine application.

Graphical abstract
Drivers of phenological changes in southern Europe
Authors: Vogel Johannes
Published: July 2022

The life cycle of plants is largely determined by climate, which renders phenological responses to climate change a highly suitable bioindicator of climate change. Yet, it remains unclear, which are the key drivers of phenological patterns at certain life stages. Furthermore, the varying responses of species belonging to different plant functional types are not fully understood. In this study, the role of temperature and precipitation as environmental drivers of phenological changes in southern Europe is assessed. The trends of the phenophases leaf unfolding, flowering, fruiting, and senescence are quantified, and the corresponding main environmental drivers are identified. A clear trend towards an earlier onset of leaf unfolding, flowering, and fruiting is detected, while there is no clear pattern for senescence. In general, the advancement of leaf unfolding, flowering and fruiting is smaller for deciduous broadleaf trees in comparison to deciduous shrubs and crops. Many broadleaf trees are photoperiod-sensitive; therefore, their comparatively small phenological advancements are likely the effect of photoperiod counterbalancing the impact of increasing temperatures. While temperature is identified as the main driver of phenological changes, precipitation also plays a crucial role in determining the onset of leaf unfolding and flowering. Phenological phases advance under dry conditions, which can be linked to the lack of transpirational cooling leading to rising temperatures, which subsequently accelerate plant growth.
Spinal cord compression in thoracolumbar burst fractures: application of high-definition three-dimensional exoscope in minimally invasive lateral surgery
Authors: Giorgi Pietro Domenico , Pallotta Maria Ludovica , Legrenzi Simona , Nardi Michele , Andrea Manzoni , Schirò Giuseppe Rosario
Published: July 2022

Study design

Spinal cord decompression in thoracolumbar burst fractures is challenging. Development of minimally invasive approaches and the improvement in new magnification technologies allowed a better and safer surgical treatment for these complex spinal injuries. We reported our experience in the minimally invasive surgical treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures with spinal cord compression supported by high-definition (HD) three-dimensional (3D) Video-assisted telescope operating monitor (VITOM) or exoscope.

Objectives

To assess the role and potential advantages of exoscope in the minimally invasive surgery of traumatic thoracolumbar spinal cord compression comparing traditional magnification systems.

Setting

The study was conducted in a Northern Italy Spinal Trauma Center.

Methods

We reported 10 consecutive thoracolumbar (T11-L2) burst fractures associated with spinal cord compression treated with minimally invasive corpectomy and exoscope-assisted spinal decompression. Three main indicators were retrospectively analyzed: surgical time, blood loss, and intraoperative complications. The data were compared with those obtained from an equal sample of 10 procedures performed by the same surgeon with the same technique, but traditional microscope assisted. User impressions in terms of ergonomics, magnification, and image quality were rated differently.

Results

A small reduction of surgical time and blood loss were observed in the exoscope assisted group. There were no intraoperative complications attributed to visualization mode or conversion to the traditional microscope in any procedure. In our experience the exoscope allowed a better magnification and image definition with better ergonomics and user-friendliness.

Conclusions

In our preliminary experience the exoscope new technology is a safe and effective tool for spinal cord minimally invasive decompression in thoracolumbar burst fractures. The stereoscopic vision provided by 3D images seems to be crucial in hand eye coordination. There are clear advantages in terms of maneuverability, wide field of view, deep focus, and more comfortable posture for the spinal surgeon.
The WHO 2021 Classification of Central Nervous System tumours: a practical update on what neurosurgeons need to know—a minireview
Authors: Torp Sverre Helge , Solheim Ole , Skjulsvik Anne Jarstein
Published: July 2022

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours, also known as WHO Blue Books, represents an international standardised tool in the diagnostic work-up of tumours. This classification system is under continuous revision, and progress in the molecular classification of tumours in the central nervous system (CNS) enforced an update of the WHO 2016 classification, and the fifth edition, WHO CNS5, was published in 2021. The aim of this minireview is to highlight important changes in this new edition relevant for the practicing neurosurgeon.

Methods

The sixth volume of the fifth edition of the WHO Blue Books of CNS tumours and related papers formed the basis for this minireview.

Results

Major changes encompass standardisation of tumour grading and nomenclature as well as increased incorporation of molecular markers in the classification of CNS tumours.

Conclusion

Advances in molecular genetics have resulted in more accurate diagnosis and prognosis of CNS tumours, and this minireview summarises important changes implemented in the last edition of WHO classification of CNS tumours important for the practicing neurosurgeon.
Prevalence of and factors associated with molar-incisor hypomineralisation in schoolchildren in the canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
Authors: Grieshaber Andreina , Waltimo Tuomas , Haschemi Asin A. , Erb Judith , Steffen Richard , Bornstein Michael M. , Kulik Eva M.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

As prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralisation varies considerably in different countries and regions, the aim of this study was to obtain representative epidemiological data for schoolchildren living in the canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland.

Material and methods

A representative population of schoolchildren of three different age groups, i.e. 1st grade (mean age: 7.4 years), 6th grade (mean age: 12.6 years), and 9th grade (mean age: 15.7 years) visiting compulsory schools in the canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland, was examined. The presence or absence of molar-incisor hypomineralisation at time of examination was recorded as well as potential influencing factors such as age group, gender, nationality, or the children’s place of residence.

Results

A total of 1252 schoolchildren could be included. On average, the prevalence of MIH in the study population was 14.8%. No statistically significant differences were found for nationality, gender, or place of residence. Although not statistically significant, children from the youngest age group had the highest while children from the oldest age group had the lowest MIH prevalence.

Conclusion

With a mean value of 14.8%, MIH prevalence among schoolchildren living in the canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland, is comparable to mean values recorded globally.

Clinical relevance

This study represents the first study on MIH prevalence in Switzerland and also provides further evidence on potential influencing factors.
Approval-based apportionment
Authors: Brill Markus , Gölz Paul , Peters Dominik , Schmidt-Kraepelin Ulrike , Wilker Kai
Published: July 2022

In the apportionment problem, a fixed number of seats must be distributed among parties in proportion to the number of voters supporting each party. We study a generalization of this setting, in which voters can support multiple parties by casting approval ballots. This approval-based apportionment setting generalizes traditional apportionment and is a natural restriction of approval-based multiwinner elections, where approval ballots range over individual candidates instead of parties. Using techniques from both apportionment and multiwinner elections, we identify rules that generalize the D’Hondt apportionment method and that satisfy strong axioms which are generalizations of properties commonly studied in the apportionment literature. In fact, the rules we discuss provide representation guarantees that are currently out of reach in the general setting of multiwinner elections: First, we show that core-stable committees are guaranteed to exist and can be found in polynomial time. Second, we demonstrate that extended justified representation is compatible with committee monotonicity (also known as house monotonicity).
Anomaly detection in the context of long-term cloud resource usage planning
Authors: Nawrocki Piotr , Sus Wiktor
Published: July 2022

This paper describes a new approach to automatic long-term cloud resource usage planning with a novel hybrid anomaly detection mechanism. It analyzes existing anomaly detection solutions, possible improvements and the impact on the accuracy of resource usage planning. The proposed anomaly detection solution is an important part of the research, since it allows greater accuracy to be achieved in the long term. The proposed approach dynamically adjusts reservation plans in order to reduce the unnecessary load on resources and prevent the cloud from running out of them. The predictions are based on cloud analysis conducted using machine learning algorithms, which made it possible to reduce costs by about 50%. The solution was evaluated on real-life data from over 1700 virtual machines.
Cultivation of microalgae on liquid anaerobic digestate for depollution, biofuels and cosmetics: a review
Authors: Tawfik Ahmed , Eraky Mohamed , Alhajeri Nawaf S. , Osman Ahmed I. , Rooney David W.
Published: July 2022

Solid wastes from domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors cause acute economic and environmental problems. These issues can be partly solved by anaerobic digestion of wastes, yet this process is incomplete and generates abundant byproducts as digestate. Therefore, cultivating mixotrophic algae on anaerobic digestate appears as a promising solution for nutrient recovery, pollutant removal and biofuel production. Here we review mixotrophic algal cultivation on anaerobic waste digestate with focus on digestate types and characterization, issues of recycling digestate in agriculture, removal of contaminants, and production of biofuels such as biogas, bioethanol, biodiesel and dihydrogen. We also discuss applications in cosmetics and economical aspects. Mixotrophic algal cultivation completely removes ammonium, phosphorus, 17β-estradiol from diluted digestate, and removes 62% of zinc, 84% of manganese, 74% of cadmium and 99% of copper.
Outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship: the case of the emerging field of positive psychology education
Authors: Abumuamar Mohsen , Campbell Adrian
Published: July 2022

The phenomenon of outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship may appear both paradoxical and opaque. We examine outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship by drawing on an in-depth qualitative case study of the emerging field of positive psychology education. We investigate how institutional entrepreneurs, located outside Kuwait’s Ministry of Education, enabled actors inside the Ministry both to deviate from existing institutional arrangements and to institutionalize new practices. Our findings illustrate that outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields starts with ‘normalization’, that is, the production of claims, arguments, and evidence, about the effectiveness of the newly proposed practices. Our study contributes to the literature on outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields by identifying a set of critical activities associated with deviation from prevailing institutional arrangements, and the institutionalization of innovation.
Functional and Metabolic Imaging in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Promises, Challenges, and Clinical Utility
Authors: Burrage Matthew K , Lewis Andrew J , Miller Jack J J.
Published: July 2022

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is recognised as an increasingly prevalent, morbid and burdensome condition with a poor outlook. Recent advances in both the understanding of HFpEF and the technological ability to image cardiac function and metabolism in humans have simultaneously shone a light on the molecular basis of this complex condition of diastolic dysfunction, and the inflammatory and metabolic changes that are associated with it, typically in the context of a complex patient. This review both makes the case for an integrated assessment of the condition, and highlights that metabolic alteration may be a measurable outcome for novel targeted forms of medical therapy. It furthermore highlights how recent technological advancements and advanced medical imaging techniques have enabled the characterisation of the metabolism and function of HFpEF within patients, at rest and during exercise.
Crystal polymorphism and spectroscopical properties of sulfonamides in solid state by means of First Principles calculations
Authors: Sainz-Díaz C. Ignacio , de la Luz Alexander Pérez , Barrientos-Salcedo Carolina , Francisco-Márquez Misaela , Soriano-Correa Catalina
Published: July 2022

Sulfonamides are an important class of therapeutic agents. The increase in the number of new sulfonamide derivatives makes it necessary to study more rationally the chemical structure, because the solid forms often display different mechanical, thermal and physicochemical properties that can influence the bioavailability and stability of the drugs; consequently, the polymorphic structures are of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry because of their ability to modify the physical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The molecular interactions of these drugs in their crystal lattice are important for the stability of the crystals and polymorphism and for preparing composite complexes for optimizing the use of these drugs. In this work, the crystal structure of these drugs and crystal polymorphism is investigated. So, the crystal forms of antibiotics derivatives of the sulfonamides, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, sulfachloropyridazine, and sulfacetamide are studied at the molecular and supramolecular level by using computational modeling approach at quantum mechanical level. The spectroscopic properties of these systems are also studied explaining assignments of previous experimental data. The results of DFT calculations reproduce the crystal structures of sulfonamides determined experimentally and the polymorphism in these molecules have been clarified. Likewise, the main intermolecular interactions in all crystal forms of these sulfonamides are H-bonds among the sulfonic and amino groups and SNH groups, and also some π-π interactions. Also, these 3-D periodical models allow the exploration of the intermolecular interactions included in the crystal structures and some of these interactions can alter the vibration modes of the molecules. Therefore, the use of these models can be useful for experimental spectroscopy studies where use actual crystal solids.
How to Induce an Error Management Climate: Experimental Evidence from Newly Formed Teams
Authors: Horvath Dorothee , Keith Nina , Klamar Alexander , Frese Michael
Published: July 2022

An organizational climate of error management is associated with favorable organizational outcomes, including firm success, innovation, and safety. But how can an error management climate be induced? The present research used newly formed teams in a controlled setting as a model and tested the effect of two brief interventions on team climate and performance. In three-person teams, 180 participants worked on two team tasks that required communication and coordination, under 1 of 3 experimental conditions. Two of these were designed to induce an error management climate either indirectly, via the communication of social norms, or more directly, via explicit encouragement of experimentation and learning from errors. The third condition served as an error avoidant comparison group. In line with predictions, the climate induction increased processes of error management climate as perceived by teams, which in turn positively affected objectively measured team performance (mediation effect). These results strongly suggest that team error management climate can indeed affect performance and is not merely a correlate of unknown third variables that were unmeasured in previous correlational research. From a practical perspective, this research provides guidance on how principles of social influence may be leveraged to induce an error management climate.
A note on Neumann problems on graphs
Authors: Hinz Michael , Schwarz Michael
Published: July 2022

We discuss Neumann problems for self-adjoint Laplacians on (possibly infinite) graphs. Under the assumption that the heat semigroup is ultracontractive we discuss the unique solvability for non-empty subgraphs with respect to the vertex boundary and provide analytic and probabilistic representations for Neumann solutions. A second result deals with Neumann problems on canonically compactifiable graphs with respect to the Royden boundary and provides conditions for unique solvability and analytic and probabilistic representations.
Adsorption of Cr6+ ion using activated Pisum sativum peels-triethylenetetramine
Authors: El-Nemr Mohamed A. , Aigbe Uyiosa O. , Ukhurebor Kingsley E. , Onyancha Robert B. , El Nemr Ahmed , Ragab Safaa , Osibote Otolorin A. , Hassaan Mohamed A.
Published: July 2022

The adsorption of Cr6+ ions from water-soluble solution onto activated pea peels (PPs) embellished with triethylenetetramine (TETA) was studied. The synthesized activated TETA-PP biosorbent was further characterized by SEM together with EDX, FTIR and BET to determine the morphology and elementary composition, functional groups (FGs) present and the biosorbent surface area. The confiscation of Cr6+ ions to activated TETA-PP biosorbent was observed to be pH-reliant, with optimum removal noticed at pH 1.6 (99%). Cr6+ ion adsorption to activated TETA-PP biosorbent was well defined using the Langmuir (LNR) and the pseudo-second-order (PSO) models, with a determined biosorption capacity of 312.50 mg/g. Also, it was found that the activated TETA-PP biosorbent can be restored up to six regeneration cycles for the sequestration of Cr6+ ions in this study. In comparison with other biosorbents, it was found that this biosorbent was a cost-effective and resourceful agro-waste for the Cr6+ ion confiscation. The possible mechanism of Cr6+ to the biosorbent was by electrostatic attraction following the surface protonation of the activated TETA-PP biosorbent sites.

Graphical abstract
Exercise and Exercise Mimetics for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Cento Alessia S. , Leigheb Massimiliano , Caretti Giuseppina , Penna Fabio
Published: July 2022

Purpose of Review

The incidence of musculoskeletal disorders affecting bones, joints, and muscles is dramatically increasing in parallel with the increased longevity of the worldwide population, severely impacting on the individual’s quality of life and on the healthcare costs. Inactivity and sedentary lifestyle are nowadays considered the main drivers of age-associated musculoskeletal disorders and exercise may counteract such alterations also in other bone- and muscle-centered disorders. This review aims at clarifying the potential use of exercise training to improve musculoskeletal health.

Recent Findings

Both the skeletal muscle and the bone are involved in a complex crosstalk determining, in part through tissue-specific and inflammatory/immune released factors, the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. Exercise is able to modulate the levels of those molecules and several associated molecular pathways.

Evidence from preclinical and clinical trials supports the adoption of exercise and the future use of exercise mimicking drugs will optimize the care of individuals with musculoskeletal disorders.
Characterization of Immobilized Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles on Raoultella Ornithinolytica sp. and Its Application for Azo Dye Removal
Authors: Bekhit Fatma , Farag Soha , Attia Ahmed M.
Published: July 2022

A high-performance immobilized bacterial strain coated with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles was used for Basic Blue 41 azo dye (BB 41 dye) decolorization. To create the coated bacterial strain, Raoultella Ornithinolytica sp. was isolated and identified under the accession number KT213695, then coated with manufactured magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. SEM and SEM–EDX were used to characterize the coated bacteria and validate its morphological structure formation. The coated Raoultella Ornithinolytica sp. A1 (coated A1) generated a 95.20% decolorization for BB 41 dye at 1600 ppm starting concentration with an optimal dose of coated A1 5 mL/L, pH 8, under static conditions for 24 h at 37 °C. Continuous batch cycles were used, with BB 41 dye (1600 ppm) added every 24 h four times, to achieve a high decolorization efficiency of 80.14%. Furthermore, the metabolites of BB 41 dye biodegradation were investigated by gas chromatographic-mass spectrum analysis (GC–MS) and showed a less toxic effect on the bioindicator Artemia salina. Additionally, 5 mL/L of coated A1 demonstrated the highest decolorization rate (47.2%) when applied to a real wastewater sample after 96 h with a consequent reduction in COD from 592 to 494 ppm.