bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hub microRNAs and genes in the development of atrial fibrillation identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis
Authors: Qu Qiang , Sun Jin-Yu , Zhang Zhen-Ye , Su Yue , Li Shan-Shan , Li Feng , Wang Ru-Xing
Published: November 2021

Co-expression network may contribute to better understanding molecular interaction patterns underlying cellular processes. To explore microRNAs (miRNAs) expression patterns correlated with AF, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on the dataset GSE28954. Thereafter, we predicted target genes using experimentally verified databases (ENOCRI, miRTarBase, and Tarbase), and overlapped genes with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from GSE79768 were identified as key genes. Integrated analysis of association between hub miRNAs and key genes was conducted to screen hub genes. In general, we identified 3 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 320 DEGs, predominantly enriched in inflammation-related functional items. Two significant modules (red and blue) and hub miRNAs (hsa-miR-146b-5p and hsa-miR-378a-5p), which highly correlated with AF-related phenotype, were detected by WGCNA. By overlapping the DEGs and predicted target genes, 38 genes were screened out. Finally, 9 genes (i.e. ATP13A3, BMP2, CXCL1, GABPA, LIF, MAP3K8, NPY1R, S100A12, SLC16A2) located at the core region in the miRNA-gene interaction network were identified as hub genes. In conclusion, our study identified 2 hub miRNAs and 9 hub genes, which may improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms and help to reveal potential therapeutic targets against AF.
Role of epidemiology in risk assessment: a case study of five ortho-phthalates
Authors: Maffini Maricel V. , Geueke Birgit , Groh Ksenia , Carney Almroth Bethanie , Muncke Jane
Published: November 2021

Background

The association between environmental chemical exposures and chronic diseases is of increasing concern. Chemical risk assessment relies heavily on pre-market toxicity testing to identify safe levels of exposure, often known as reference doses (RfD), expected to be protective of human health. Although some RfDs have been reassessed in light of new hazard information, it is not a common practice. Continuous surveillance of animal and human data, both in terms of exposures and associated health outcomes, could provide valuable information to risk assessors and regulators. Using ortho-phthalates as case study, we asked whether RfDs deduced from male reproductive toxicity studies and set by traditional regulatory toxicology approaches sufficiently protect the population for other health outcomes.

Methods

We searched for epidemiological studies on benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Data were extracted from studies where any of the five chemicals or their metabolites were measured and showed a statistically significant association with a health outcome; 38 studies met the criteria. We estimated intake for each phthalate from urinary metabolite concentration and compared estimated intake ranges associated with health endpoints to each phthalate’s RfD.

Result

For DBP, DIBP, and BBP, the estimated intake ranges significantly associated with health endpoints were all below their individual RfDs. For DEHP, the intake range included associations at levels both below and above its RfD. For DCHP, no relevant studies could be identified. The significantly affected endpoints revealed by our analysis include metabolic, neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders, obesity, and changes in hormone levels. Most of these conditions are not routinely evaluated in animal testing employed in regulatory toxicology.

Conclusion

We conclude that for DBP, DIBP, BBP, and DEHP current RfDs estimated based on male reproductive toxicity may not be sufficiently protective of other health effects. Thus, a new approach is needed where post-market exposures, epidemiological and clinical data are systematically reviewed to ensure adequate health protection.
Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of Harmonic Focus versus monopolar electrocautery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast conservative surgery: a comparative study
Authors: Khaled Islam , Saad Ihab , Soliman Hany , Faisal Mohammed
Published: November 2021

Background

Surgical devices are commonly used during breast conservative surgery (BCS) to provide better hemostasis. The Harmonic scalpel has recently gained momentum as an effective tool for intraoperative bleeding reduction. This comparative study was designed to determine the efficacy of Harmonic Focus in reducing postoperative complications of BCS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CTH) compared to the conventional method using monopolar diathermy.

Results

A prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study was conducted on patients scheduled to undergo BCS with axillary dissection after neoadjuvant CTH. Patients in the Harmonic Focus group had significantly shorter operative times than the monopolar electrocautery group (101.32 ± 27.3 vs. 139.3 ± 31.9 min, respectively; p < 0.001). Besides, blood loss was significantly lower in the Harmonic Focus group (117.14 ± 35.6 vs. 187 ± 49.8 mL, respectively; p < 0.001). Postoperatively, patients in the Harmonic Focus group had a significantly lower volume of chest wall drain (p < 0.001) and shorter time until drain removal (p < 0.001). Likewise, patients in the Harmonic Focus group had a significantly lower volume of axillary drain and shorter time until drain removal than monopolar electrocautery (p < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative complications was comparable between both groups (p = 0.128).

Conclusions

This study confirmed the superiority of Harmonic Focus compared to monopolar electrocautery among patients receiving neoadjuvant CTH before BCS.
Effect of pregnancy tests on demand for family planning: evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Uganda
Authors: Kamei Akito , Sato Ryoko , Thornton Rebecca
Published: November 2021

Background

Unmet need for family planning and unintended pregnancies are high in developing countries. Home pregnancy tests help women determine their pregnancy status earlier and the confirmation of a negative pregnancy status can facilitate the adoption of family planning. This study provides the first experimental evidence of the effect of access to pregnancy tests on women’s demand for modern family planning.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 810 women of reproductive age in northern Uganda. During a baseline survey, women were randomly allocated to either: (1) an offer to take a hCG urine pregnancy test during the survey (on-the-spot pregnancy test) (N = 170), (2) an offer of a home pregnancy test kit to be used at any time in the future (future-use pregnancy test) (N = 163), (3) offers of both on-the-spot and future-use pregnancy tests (N = 153), or (4) a control group (N = 324). Future-use pregnancy tests were offered either for free, or randomly assigned prices. Approximately 4 weeks after the baseline survey, a follow-up survey was conducted; modern contraception methods were made available at no charge at local community outreach centers.

Results

When offered a free, on-the-spot pregnancy test, 62 percent of women accepted (N = 200). Almost all, 97 percent (N = 69), of women offered a free future-use pregnancy test strip, accepted it. Purchases of future-use pregnancy tests declined with price. The offer of either on-the-spot, future-use tests, or both, have no overall large or statistically significant effects on the take-up of modern family planning.

Conclusion

Demand for pregnancy tests is high and access to pregnancy tests has the potential to facilitate the demand for family planning. At the same time, more research is needed to understand underlying beliefs about pregnancy status and risk that guide behaviors ultimately important for maternal and neonatal health.

Trial registration The study was pre-registered in July 2018 for AEA RCT registry (AEARCTR-0003187) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03975933). Registered 05 June 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03975933
Longitudinal transactional relationships between caregiver and child mental health during the COVID-19 global pandemic
Authors: Robertson Emily L. , Piscitello Jennifer , Schmidt Ellyn , Mallar Carolina , Davidson Bridget , Natale Ruby
Published: November 2021

Background

Emerging work examining the psychological impact of COVID-19 on children and families suggests that the relationship between pandemic-related stress, child psychosocial functioning, and caregiver mental health are interrelated. However, much of this research is unidirectional and thus little is known about the bidirectional cascading effects children and caregivers may experience. The current study examined the transactional relationships between caregiver and child mental health over time during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Linguistically, racially, and ethnically diverse caregivers (N = 286) of young children completed measures of caregiver mental health, caregiver pandemic-related stress, and child mental health (i.e., externalizing, internalizing, prosocial behavior) across three time points in the spring of 2020.

Results

Using autoregressive cross-lagged analyses, impaired caregiver mental health at Time 1 (April 2020) predicted increased caregiver pandemic-related stress at Time 2 (May 2020). Caregiver pandemic-related stress at Time 1 predicted increased child internalizing symptoms at Time 2 which, in turn, predicted increased caregiver pandemic-related stress at Time 3 (July 2020). Lastly, impaired caregiver mental health at Time 2 (May 2020) predicted increased child externalizing symptoms at Time 3 (July 2020).

Conclusions

Assessing transactional relationships between child and caregiver mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic is important to inform models of risk and resilience. Interventions at the level of the caregiver, the child, and/or the family should be considered as a way to interrupt potential negative developmental cascades.
Alternative splicing of NF-YA promotes prostate cancer aggressiveness and represents a new molecular marker for clinical stratification of patients
Authors: Belluti Silvia , Semeghini Valentina , Rigillo Giovanna , Ronzio Mirko , Benati Daniela , Torricelli Federica , Reggiani Bonetti Luca , Carnevale Gianluca , Grisendi Giulia , Ciarrocchi Alessia , Dominici Massimo , Recchia Alessandra , Dolfini Diletta , Imbriano Carol
Published: November 2021

Background

Approaches based on expression signatures of prostate cancer (PCa) have been proposed to predict patient outcomes and response to treatments. The transcription factor NF-Y participates to the progression from benign epithelium to both localized and metastatic PCa and is associated with aggressive transcriptional profile. The gene encoding for NF-YA, the DNA-binding subunit of NF-Y, produces two alternatively spliced transcripts, NF-YAs and NF-YAl. Bioinformatic analyses pointed at NF-YA splicing as a key transcriptional signature to discriminate between different tumor molecular subtypes. In this study, we aimed to determine the pathophysiological role of NF-YA splice variants in PCa and their association with aggressive subtypes.

Methods

Data on the expression of NF-YA isoforms were extracted from the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database of tumor prostate tissues and validated in prostate cell lines. Lentiviral transduction and CRISPR-Cas9 technology allowed the modulation of the expression of NF-YA splice variants in PCa cells. We characterized 3D cell cultures through in vitro assays and RNA-seq profilings. We used the rank-rank hypergeometric overlap approach to identify concordant/discordant gene expression signatures of NF-YAs/NF-YAl-overexpressing cells and human PCa patients. We performed in vivo studies in SHO-SCID mice to determine pathological and molecular phenotypes of NF-YAs/NF-YAl xenograft tumors.

Results

NF-YA depletion affects the tumorigenic potential of PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. Elevated NF-YAs levels are associated to aggressive PCa specimens, defined by Gleason Score and TNM classification. NF-YAl overexpression increases cell motility, while NF-YAs enhances cell proliferation in PCa 3D spheroids and xenograft tumors. The transcriptome of NF-YAs-spheroids has an extensive overlap with localized and metastatic human PCa signatures. According to PCa PAM50 classification, NF-YAs transcript levels are higher in LumB, characterized by poor prognosis compared to LumA and basal subtypes. A significant decrease in NF-YAs/NF-YAl ratio distinguishes PCa circulating tumor cells from cancer cells in metastatic sites, consistently with pro-migratory function of NF-YAl. Stratification of patients based on NF-YAs expression is predictive of clinical outcome.

Conclusions

Altogether, our results indicate that the modulation of NF-YA isoforms affects prostate pathophysiological processes and contributes to cancer-relevant phenotype, in vitro and in vivo. Evaluation of NF-YA splicing may represent a new molecular strategy for risk assessment of PCa patients.
The abnormal level of HSP70 is related to Treg/Th17 imbalance in PCOS patients
Authors: Yang Yiqing , Xia Jing , Yang Zhe , Wu Gengxiang , Yang Jing
Published: November 2021

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease with chronic nonspecific low-grade inflammation. The imbalance of immune cells exists in PCOS. Several studies have found that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) may be involved in the immunological pathogenesis of PCOS, but the relationship between HSP70 and Regulatory T cell (Treg)/T helper cell 17(Th17) ratio remains unclear. This study aims to explore the correlation between HSP70 and Treg/Th17 ratio and to provide evidence for the role of HSP70 in the immunological etiology of PCOS.

Results

There was no significant difference in age and body mass index (BMI) between the two groups. The concentrations of basal estradiol (E2), basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The concentrations of basal luteinizing hormone (LH) (P < 0.01), testosterone (T) (P < 0.01), glucose (P < 0.001) and insulin (P < 0.001) in PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in the control group. The protein levels of HSP70 were significantly higher in serum in the PCOS group (P < 0.001). The percentage of Treg cells was significantly lower (P < 0.01), while the percentage of the Th17 cells of the PCOS group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of Treg/Th17 in the PCOS group was significantly lower (P < 0.001). The concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and IL-23 were significantly higher, while the levels of IL-10 and Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were significantly lower in the PCOS group (P < 0.001). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed a strong negative correlation of serum HSP70 levels with Treg/Th17 ratio, IL-10, and TGF-β levels. In contrast, HSP70 levels were significantly positively correlated with IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, LH, insulin, and glucose levels.

Conclusion

The abnormal level of HSP70 is correlated with Treg/Th17 imbalance and corresponding cytokines, which indicates that HSP70 may play an important role in PCOS immunologic pathogenesis.
Prediction of extubation outcome in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Torrini Flavia , Gendreau Ségolène , Morel Johanna , Carteaux Guillaume , Thille Arnaud W. , Antonelli Massimo , Mekontso Dessap Armand
Published: November 2021

Background

Extubation failure is an important issue in ventilated patients and its risk factors remain a matter of research. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore factors associated with extubation failure in ventilated patients who passed a spontaneous breathing trial and underwent planned extubation. This systematic review was registered in PROPERO with the Registration ID CRD42019137003.

Methods

We searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials for studies published from January 1998 to December 2018. We included observational studies involving risk factors associated with extubation failure in adult intensive care unit patients who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the validity of included studies.

Results

Sixty-seven studies (involving 26,847 participants) met the inclusion criteria and were included in our meta-analysis. We analyzed 49 variables and, among them, we identified 26 factors significantly associated with extubation failure. Risk factors were distributed into three domains (comorbidities, acute disease severity and characteristics at time of extubation) involving mainly three functions (circulatory, respiratory and neurological). Among these, the physiological respiratory characteristics at time of extubation were the most represented. The individual topic of secretion management was the one with the largest number of variables. By Bayesian multivariable meta-analysis, twelve factors were significantly associated with extubation failure: age, history of cardiac disease, history of respiratory disease, Simplified Acute Physiologic Score II score, pneumonia, duration of mechanical ventilation, heart rate, Rapid Shallow Breathing Index, negative inspiratory force, lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio, lower hemoglobin level and lower Glasgow Coma Scale before extubation, with the latest factor having the strongest association with extubation outcome.

Conclusions

Numerous factors are associated with extubation failure in critically ill patients who have passed a spontaneous breathing trial. Robust multiparametric clinical scores and/or artificial intelligence algorithms should be tested based on the selected independent variables in order to improve the prediction of extubation outcome in the clinical scenario.
Metabolomic diferences between COVID-19 and H1N1 influenza induced ARDS
Authors: Lorente Jose Angel , Nin Nicolas , Villa Palmira , Vasco Dovami , Miguel-Coello Ana B. , Rodriguez Ignacio , Herrero Raquel , Peñuelas Oscar , Ruiz-Cabello Jesús , Izquierdo-Garcia Jose L.
Published: November 2021

Background

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of respiratory failure characterized by lung inflammation and pulmonary edema. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with ARDS in the more severe cases. This study aimed to compare the specificity of the metabolic alterations induced by COVID-19 or Influenza A pneumonia (IAP) in ARDS.

Methods

Eighteen patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 and twenty patients with ARDS due to IAP, admitted to the intensive care unit. ARDS was defined as in the American-European Consensus Conference. As compared with patients with COVID-19, patients with IAP were younger and received more often noradrenaline to maintain a mean arterial pressure > 65 mm Hg. Serum samples were analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Multivariate Statistical Analyses were used to identify metabolic differences between groups. Metabolic pathway analysis was performed to identify the most relevant pathways involved in ARDS development.

Results

ARDS due to COVID-19 or to IAP induces a different regulation of amino acids metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycolysis, and anaplerotic metabolism. COVID‐19 causes a significant energy supply deficit that induces supplementary energy-generating pathways. In contrast, IAP patients suffer more marked inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. The classificatory model discriminated against the cause of pneumonia with a success rate of 100%.

Conclusions

Our findings support the concept that ARDS is associated with a characteristic metabolomic profile that may discriminate patients with ARDS of different etiologies, being a potential biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of this condition.

Graphical Abstract
Lamin C is required to establish genome organization after mitosis
Authors: Wong Xianrong , Hoskins Victoria E. , Melendez-Perez Ashley J. , Harr Jennifer C. , Gordon Molly , Reddy Karen L.
Published: November 2021

Background

The dynamic 3D organization of the genome is central to gene regulation and development. The nuclear lamina influences genome organization through the tethering of lamina-associated domains (LADs) to the nuclear periphery. Evidence suggests that lamins A and C are the predominant lamins involved in the peripheral association of LADs, potentially serving different roles.

Results

Here, we examine chromosome architecture in mouse cells in which lamin A or lamin C are downregulated. We find that lamin C, and not lamin A, is required for the 3D organization of LADs and overall chromosome organization. Striking differences in localization are present as cells exit mitosis and persist through early G1 and are linked to differential phosphorylation. Whereas lamin A associates with the nascent nuclear envelope (NE) during telophase, lamin C remains in the interior, surrounding globular LAD aggregates enriched on euchromatic regions. Lamin C association with the NE is delayed until several hours into G1 and correlates temporally and spatially with the post-mitotic NE association of LADs. Post-mitotic LAD association with the NE, and global 3D genome organization, is perturbed only in cells depleted of lamin C, and not lamin A.

Conclusions

Lamin C regulates LAD dynamics during exit from mitosis and is a key regulator of genome organization in mammalian cells. This reveals an unexpectedly central role for lamin C in genome organization, including inter-chromosomal LAD-LAD segregation and LAD scaffolding at the NE, raising intriguing questions about the individual and overlapping roles of lamin A/C in cellular function and disease.
Working to Increase Stability through Exercise (WISE): screening, recruitment, and baseline characteristics
Authors: Sciamanna Christopher N. , Ballentine Noel H. , Bopp Melissa , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Ciccolo Joseph T. , Delauter Gabrielle , Fisher Abigail , Fox Edward J. , Jan De Beur Suzanne M. , Kearcher Kalen , Kraschnewski Jennifer L. , Lehman Erik , McTigue Kathleen M. , McAuley Edward , Paranjape Anuradha , Rodriguez-Colon Sol , Rovniak Liza S. , Rutt Kayla , Smyth Joshua M. , Stewart Kerry J. , Stuckey Heather L. , Tsay Annie
Published: November 2021

Background

The aim of this paper is to describe the utility of various recruitment modalities utilized in the Working to Increase Stability through Exercise (WISE) study. WISE is a pragmatic randomized trial that is testing the impact of a 3-year, multicomponent (strength, balance, aerobic) physical activity program led by trained volunteers or delivered via DVD on the rate of serious fall-related injuries among adults 65 and older with a past history of fragility fractures (e.g., vertebral, fall-related). The modified goal was to recruit 1130 participants over 2 years in three regions of Pennsylvania.

Methods

The at-risk population was identified primarily using letters mailed to patients of three health systems and those over 65 in each region, as well as using provider alerts in the health record, proactive recruitment phone calls, radio advertisements, and presentations at community meetings.

Results

Over 24 months of recruitment, 209,301 recruitment letters were mailed, resulting in 6818 telephone interviews. The two most productive recruitment methods were letters (72% of randomized participants) and the research registries at the University of Pittsburgh (11%). An average of 211 letters were required to be mailed for each participant enrolled. Of those interviewed, 2854 were ineligible, 2,825 declined to enroll and 1139 were enrolled and randomized. Most participants were female (84.4%), under age 75 (64.2%), and 50% took an osteoporosis medication. Not having a prior fragility fracture was the most common reason for not being eligible (87.5%). The most common reason provided for declining enrollment was not feeling healthy enough to participate (12.6%).

Conclusions

The WISE study achieved its overall recruitment goal. Bulk mailing was the most productive method for recruiting community-dwelling older adults at risk of serious fall-related injury into this long-term physical activity intervention trial, and electronic registries are important sources and should be considered.
Prodromal frontotemporal dementia: clinical features and predictors of progression
Authors: Benussi Alberto , Ashton Nicholas J. , Karikari Thomas K. , Alberici Antonella , Saraceno Claudia , Ghidoni Roberta , Benussi Luisa , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Borroni Barbara
Published: November 2021

Background

The prodromal phase of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is still not well characterized, and conversion rates to dementia and predictors of progression at 1-year follow-up are currently unknown.

Methods

In this retrospective study, disease severity was assessed using the global CDR plus NACC FTLD. Prodromal FTD was defined to reflect mild cognitive or behavioural impairment with relatively preserved functional independence (global CDR plus NACC = 0.5) as well as mild, moderate and severe dementia (classified as global CDR plus NACC = 1, 2, 3, respectively). Disease progression at 1-year follow-up and serum NfL measurements were acquired in a subgroup of patients.

Results

Of 563 participants, 138 were classified as prodromal FTD, 130 as mild, 175 as moderate and 120 as severe FTD. In the prodromal and mild phases, we observed an early increase in serum NfL levels followed by behavioural disturbances and deficits in executive functions. Negative symptoms, such as apathy, inflexibility and loss of insight, predominated in the prodromal phase. Serum NfL levels were significantly increased in the prodromal phase compared with healthy controls (average difference 14.5, 95% CI 2.9 to 26.1 pg/mL), but lower than in patients with mild FTD (average difference -15.5, 95% CI -28.4 to -2.7 pg/mL). At 1-year follow-up, 51.2% of patients in the prodromal phase had converted to dementia. Serum NfL measurements at baseline were the strongest predictors of disease progression at 1-year follow-up (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.11,p< 0.001).

Conclusions

Prodromal FTD is a mutable stage with high rate of progression to fully symptomatic disease at 1-year follow-up. High serum NfL levels may support prodromal FTD diagnosis and represent a helpful marker to assess disease progression.
Impact of obesity on survival in COVID-19 ARDS patients receiving ECMO: results from an ambispective observational cohort
Authors: Daviet Florence , Guilloux Philippe , Hraiech Sami , Tonon David , Velly Lionel , Bourenne Jeremy , Porto Alizée , Gragueb-Chatti Inès , Bobot Mickael , Baumstarck Karine , Papazian Laurent , Collart Frédéric , Forel Jean-Marie , Guervilly Christophe
Published: November 2021

Background

Since March 2020, health care systems were importantly affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, with some patients presenting severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requiring extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We designed an ambispective observational cohort study including all consecutive adult patients admitted to 5 different ICUs from a university hospital. The main objective was to identify the risk factors of severe COVID-19 ARDS patients supported by ECMO associated with 90-day survival.

Results

Between March 1st and November 30th 2020, 76 patients with severe COVID-19 ARDS were supported by ECMO. Median (interquartile range IQR) duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) prior to ECMO was of 6 (3–10) days. At ECMO initiation, patients had a median PaO2:FiO2 of 71 mmHg (IQR 62–81), median PaCO2 of 58 mmHg (IQR 51–66) and a median arterial pH of 7.33 (IQR 7.25–7.38). Forty-five patients (59%) were weaned from ECMO. Twenty-eight day, 60-day and 90-day survival rates were, respectively, 92, 62 and 51%. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, with 2 models, one with the RESP score and one with the PRESERVE score, we found that higher BMI was associated with higher 90-day survival [odds ratio (OR): 0.775 (0.644–0.934), p = 0.007) and 0.631 (0.462–0.862), respectively]. Younger age was also associated with 90-day survival in both models [OR: 1.1354 (1.004–1.285), p = 0.044 and 1.187 (1.035–1.362), p = 0.014 respectively]. Obese patients were ventilated with higher PEEP than non-obese patients and presented slightly higher respiratory system compliance.

Conclusion

In this ambispective observational cohort of COVID-19 severe ARDS supported by ECMO, obesity was an independent factor associated with improved survival at 90-day.
Market equilibria and money
Authors: Flåm Sjur Didrik
Published: November 2021

By the first welfare theorem, competitivemarket equilibriabelong to thecoreand hence arePareto optimal. Lettingmoneybe a commodity, this paper turns these two inclusions around. More precisely, by generalizing the second welfare theorem we show that the said solutions may coincide as a commonfixed pointfor one and the same system.

Mathematical arguments invoke conjugation, convolution, and generalized gradients. Convexity is merely needed via subdifferentiablity of aggregate “cost”, and at one point only.

Economic arguments hinge on idealized market mechanisms. Construed as algorithms, each stops, and a steady state prevails if and only if price-taking markets clearandvalue added is nil.
Correlation analysis of field-aligned currents from the magnetic measurements of GRACE follow-on mission
Authors: Xiong Chao , Stolle Claudia , Michaelis Ingo , Lühr Hermann , Zhou Yunliang , Wang Hui , Kervalishvili Guram , Rauberg Jan
Published: November 2021

In this study we performed a detailed analysis on the scale-size of field-aligned currents (FACs) at auroral latitudes, using the well-calibrated magnetic data from the non-dedicated magnetic field mission, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO). With two spacecraft following each other, the GRACE-FO provides a good opportunity to identify the variation of FACs with different scale lengths. The results show that the auroral FACs can be classified into two groups: the small-scale ones, shorter than some tens of kilometers, dominated by kinetic Alfvén waves, are quite dynamic; and the large-scale ones, typically larger than 150 km, can be considered as quasi-static and persist longer than 1 min. The GRACE-FO observations also reveal that the small-scale FACs at the same location sometimes can persist over 25 s, e.g., around dusk and dawn hours, which is longer than the typical persistent period (10 s) of kinetic Alfvén waves as earlier reported. The FAC structures show clear magnetic local time dependence, with higher correlations between the spacecraft around dusk and dawn hours; lower correlations are found around midnight and lowest correlations around noon, implying that the small-scale FACs most frequently appear at the noon cusp region. Slightly better correlations of FACs between two spacecraft are found during local summer, and such seasonal dependence is dominated by the correlations of small-scale FACs at noon. However, further analysis shows that the small-scale FACs at noon have largest occurrence and intensity during local summer, which reveals that when interpreting the cross-correlation analysis the intensity of FACs needs to be taken into account.

Graphical Abstract
Implications of photodynamic cancer therapy: an overview of PDT mechanisms basically and practically
Authors: Sobhani Nafiseh , Samadani Ali Akbar
Published: November 2021

Background

Tumor eradication is one of the most important challengeable categories in oncological studies. In this account, besides the molecular genetics methods including cell therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and general cancer therapy procedures like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, photodynamic adjuvant therapy is of great importance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a relatively noninvasive therapeutic method utilizes the irradiation of an appropriate wavelength which is absorbed by a photosensitizing agent in the presence of oxygen.

Main body of the abstract

In this procedure, a series of events lead to the direct death of malignant cells such as damage to the microvasculature and also the induction of a local inflammatory function. PDT has participated with other treatment modalities especially in the early stage of malignant tumors and has resulted in decreasing morbidity besides improving survival rate and quality of life. High spatial resolution of PDT has attracted considerable attention in the field of image-guided photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy of multidrug resistance cancers. Although PDT outcomes vary across the different tumor types, minimal natural tissue toxicity, minor systemic effects, significant reduction in long-term disease, lack of innate or acquired resistance mechanisms, and excellent cosmetic effects, as well as limb function, make it a valuable treatment option for combination therapies.

Short conclusion

In this review article, we tried to discuss the potential of PDT in the treatment of some dermatologic and solid tumors, particularly all its important mechanisms.
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among refugees and migrants in immigration detention: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Verhülsdonk Irina , Shahab Mona , Molendijk Marc
Published: November 2021

Background

The number of forced migrants is increasing worldwide. Some governments detain refugees and migrants in immigration detention centres, which is associated with adverse mental health outcomes.

Aims

To estimate prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in child and adult refugees and migrants in immigration detention.

Method

Pre-registered systematic review with meta-analysis (Prospero ID: CRD42020196078).

Results

Systematic searches in Medline, Embase and Web of Science (final search date 1 October 2020) yielded nine eligible studies on the mental health of detained refugees and migrants (total n = 630 refugees and migrants, 522 of them in detention, among which 26 were children). For adults, prevalence rates for depression were 68% (95% CI 0.53–0.83%), for anxiety 54% (95% CI 0.36–0.72%) and for PTSD 42% (95% CI 0.22–0.63%). Theoretical comparisons with data from other meta-analyses revealed that prevalence rates and symptom severity were higher in detained, relative to non-detained samples.

Conclusions

Our data show a huge burden of mental health problems in detained refugees and migrants of all ages, also relative to non-detained samples. This suggests that immigration detention independently and adversely affects the mental health of refugees and migrants. This insight should encourage countries to minimise the use of immigration detention and implement alternative measures instead.
Personal, social and relational predictors of UK postgraduate researcher mental health problems
Authors: Berry Clio , Niven Jeremy E. , Hazell Cassie M.
Published: November 2021

Background

Emerging evidence demonstrates that postgraduate researchers have high rates of mental health problems. These problems are distressing, affect PhD studies, and have longer-term potential effects beyond the duration of the PhD. Yet large-scale studies of multiple risk and protective factors are rare.

Aims

We aimed to test the predictive validity of a comprehensive set of potential determinants of mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety and suicidality) among postgraduate researchers in the UK, including personal, study-related, and supervision characteristics.

Method

We used regression models applied to data obtained from a national online survey of UK postgraduate researchers (Understanding DOCtoral researcher mental health; U-DOC, 2018–2019) to test predictors of mental health symptoms.

Results

These models show that postgraduate researchers' mental health symptoms are predicted by demographic, occupational, psychological, social and supervisory relationship factors. Greater perfectionism, more impostor thoughts and reduced supervisory communion most strongly and consistently predict mental health symptoms.

Conclusions

Institutions training postgraduate researchers should focus interventions intended to improve depression, anxiety, suicidality, on self-beliefs and social connectedness. Moreover, supervisors should be provided with training that improves the degree of agency, and especially communion, in the relationships they form with postgraduate researchers.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Triskelion-Shaped Fluorophores Bearing Coumarins with Nitrogen-Containing Donor Groups
Authors: Ueda Masafumi , Kokubun Mirai , Mazaki Yasuhiro
Published: November 2021

Triskelion-shaped π-fluorophores bearing coumarins with nitrogen-containing donor groups (1a, 1b, and 1c) were successfully synthesized via intramolecular Ullmann coupling. X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that 1a and 1b adopt curved propeller-shaped structures similar to that of parent compound 1-H. A theoretical study suggested that compounds 1a–1c possess two different molecular surfaces, as do Janus-type molecules. The emission spectra of 1a–1c in toluene showed broad emission bands at 570, 599, and 600 nm with a large Stokes shift at 4430–5930 cm−1. Although compounds 1a and 1b exhibited more intense fluorescence emission compared with that of parent compound, the emission intensity decreases in high-polarity solvents due to broken symmetry resulting from the twisting of the donor groups. Conversely, compound 1c showed weak emission in all tested solvents. These curved and triskelion-shaped fluorophores were found to form nanoaggregates in THF/H2O mixtures and demonstrated outstanding aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties.
Recent Progress on Mixed-Anion Materials for Energy Applications
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiko , Takeiri Fumitaka , Kobayashi Genki , Matsuishi Satoru , Ogino Hiraku , Ida Shintaro , Mori Takao , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Tanabe Setsuhisa , Hasegawa Tetsuya , Imanaka Nobuhito , Kageyama Hiroshi
Published: November 2021

Mixed-anion compounds, in which multiple anions such as O2−, N3−, and H− are contained in the same compound, have recently attracted attention. Because mixed-anion compounds have a unique crystal structure with multiple anions coordinated to cations, materials with fundamentally new and innovative functions are expected to be developed for various chemistry and physics applications, including catalysts, batteries, and superconductors. In this Account, recent progress in the development of new mixed-anion compounds by the MEXT mixed-anion project is described, with emphasis on results related to the development of materials used as photocatalysts/photoelectrodes, phosphors, secondary battery components, conductors, and thermoelectric materials.
RESEARCH OF THE DYNAMICS OF RUSSIAN GDP IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY
Authors: Lomakin Nikolay I. , Radionova Elena A. , Rybanov Alexander A. , Mogharbel Natalya O. , Vodopyanova Natalia A. , Sycheva Alexandra V.
Published: November 2021

In the course of the study, a nonlinear dependence of the GDP dynamics on the increase in freight turnover was revealed. A regression model has been developed that determines the value of GDP depending on the dynamics of freight turnover. It should be stated that in Russia there is a rather low level of application of digital innovations, in comparison with foreign companies in developed countries, and continues to remain at a low level.

Purpose. A hypothesis was put forward and proved that using a mathematical model, it is possible to obtain a forecast of Russia’s GDP for the next year based on the use of both a linear regression model reflecting the dependence of the GDP value on the dynamics of freight turnover, and using the AI-model “perceptron”, which includes the aggregate data reflecting the development of the economy.

Method or methodology of the work. The work used research methods such as: monographic, analytical, linear regression and nonlinear mathematical model, as well as analysis, study and generalization.

Results. A developed AI model (artificial intelligence model) “Perceptron” is presented, designed to predict Russia’s GDP based on input parameters representing a set of data reflecting the development of the real sector of the Russian economy in 2011–2019, including the dynamics of freight turnover. The experience of using artificial intelligence systems for forecasting time series, including the RF GDP, is considered.

Field of application of the results: economics, financial sphere, forecasting and planning of economic and financial activities, economic security
Do czego służy mapa? Kartografia w obiegu socjokulturowym
Authors: Rybicka Elżbieta
Published: November 2021

Celem artykułu jest analiza socjokulturowych aspektów mapy oraz pragmatyki tworzenia, wprowadzania do obiegu, użytkowania, także społecznego modyfikowania. Spektrum takich aktywności obejmuje zarówno działania profesjonalne, jak i wernakularne, kompetencje twórcze i odbiorcze. Mapa jest definiowana jako fakt kulturowy, który podlega na wielu poziomach zmiennym historycznie i geograficznie uwarunkowaniom. W artykule wskazano na proces demo- kratyzacji mapy oraz na jej funkcje: propagandowe, perswazyjne, rewindykacyjne, kompensacyjne, emocjonalne i autobiograficzne.
Mapy dźwiękowe i wyobraźnia audiogeograficzna – kartograficzne i społeczne praktyki soundmappingu
Authors: Stanisz Agata
Published: November 2021

Artykuł dotyczy społecznej praktyki wytwarzania cyfrowych map dźwiękowych (soundmappingu) w perspektywie interdyscyplinarnej łączącej antropologię dźwięku, ekologię akustyczną, psychogeografię oraz krytyczną kartografię. Mapy dźwiękowe są tu ujęte jako czasoprzestrzenne, audiowizualne, cyfrowe (re)prezentacje powstające kolektywnie w oparciu o mechanizm user-generated content i bazujące na globalnych mapach takich jak Google Maps czy OpenStreetMap. W artykule rozważam kwestię map dźwiękowych rozumianych jako doświadczenie o charakterze lokatywnym i transfonicznym, które pozawalają definiować użycie map dźwiękowych jako proces wyobrażeniowy.
Ku nowej teorii dziedzictwa rzemieślniczego i rękodzielniczego – pomiędzy materialnością i niematerialnością w tworzeniu
Authors: Dziadowiec-Greganić Joanna
Published: November 2021

Artykuł jest próbą przybliżenia zjawiska rzemieślnictwa i rękodzielnictwa w kontekście procesów patrymonializacji, koncentrując się na tytułowym napięciu między materialnością i niematerialnością w tworzeniu. Zaliczane wcześniej do kategorii kultury materialnej, obecnie – niezależnie od tego, czy rozpatruje się je ogólnie, czy jako konkretną tradycję kulturową danej wspólnoty – uchodzi w międzynarodowym dyskursie za jedną z najbardziej wyrazistych i popularnych dziedzin niematerialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego. Punktem wyjścia do rozważań jest m.in. heterodoksyjna teoria dziedzictwa oraz rozwinięte na jej bazie interdyscyplinarne krytyczne studia nad dziedzictwem, zakładające, że dziedzictwo jako proces jest praktyką dyskursywną skoncentrowaną na przeszłości, realizowaną jednak w teraźniejszości i w dużej mierze z myślą o przyszłości przez – co ważne – różne grupy depozytariuszy i użytkowników, nie zaś jedynie przez ekspertów. Analiza rzemieślnictwa i rękodzielnictwa z perspektywy prakseologicznej (know-how to do in action) wpisuje się w pojmowanie dziedzictwa bardziej w kategoriach czasownika niż rzeczownika. Tym samym, w tym przypadku, procesy patrymonializacji opierają się nie tyle na postawach deklaratywnych zorientowanych jedynie na wartościach, co na aktywnym doświadczeniu i umiejętnościach praktycznych, dających możliwość odkrywania w dziedzictwie rzemieślniczym i rękodzielniczym kulturotwórczego potencjału prorozwojowego.
Pojęcie nowej ewangelizacji w ujęciu Josepha Ratzingera/Benedykta XVI
Authors: Babiński Jarosław
Published: November 2021

Nowa Ewangelizacja powinna znaleźć zasadnicze miejsce w posłudze Kościoła naszego czasu. Dlatego Kościół musi raz jeszcze podjąć wysiłek zrozumienia tego, czym jest Nowa Ewangelizacja. Jak zauważa papież-emeryt Benedykt XVI – pojęcie to funkcjonuje na sposób hasła, terminu technicznego. W konsekwencji stało się wręcz pojęciem bez znaczenia, o niedookreślonej treści, a przynajmniej powierzchownym i pozbawionym większego znaczenia i sensu. Stąd jako szczególne zadanie postrzega Benedykt XVI konieczność dookreślenia jego treści i formułuje w tym zakresie swoje propozycje, zdecydowanie przeciwstawiając się uproszczeniem i zafałszowaniom terminu nowej ewangelizacji. Oznacza to jednak tak naprawdę przypomnienie, czym miała być nowa ewangelizacja – która została już zdefiniowana w czasie kontynentalnych Zgromadzeń Synodalnych, będących przygotowaniem Kościoła do jubileuszowego roku 2000. Oznacza ona odrodzenie życia wiary Kościołów lokalnych; inicjację procesów dostrzegania i rozumienia przemian, podjęcie nowych zobowiązań z myślą o radosnym i udzielającym się innym głoszeniu Ewangelii Jezusa Chrystusa
Dirigir equipos con inteligencia emocional
Authors: Gamero Vázquez Nuria , Medina Díaz Francisco José , Prado Galbarro Mª Carmen
Published: November 2021

Esta obra, que es fruto de las necesidades constatadas durante años de experiencia en el campo de los equipos de trabajo, consta de tres partes. La primera describe qué es y cómo se desarrolla el clima emocional de los equipos, y detalla cómo impacta en el desempeño y los resultados del equipo. La segunda parte examina qué es la inteligencia emocional grupal y profundiza en ella como herramienta de gestión del clima emocional de los equipos. Finalmente, se proporcionan las claves para potenciar la inteligencia emocional en nuestros equipos. La sólida base de investigación y la experiencia profesional en las que se basa esta obra aseguran un contenido útil para los gestores de equipos con el fin de capacitar a sus grupos de trabajo y potenciar su eficacia y el bienestar de sus miembros.
The Welfare Impact of Targeted Advertising Technologies
Authors: Marotta Veronica , Wu Yue , Zhang Kaifu , Acquisti Alessandro
Published: November 2021

We analyze the welfare implications of consumer data sharing, and restrictions to that sharing, in the context of online targeted advertising. Targeting technologies offer firms the ability to reach desired audiences through intermediary platforms. The platforms run auctions in real time to display ads on internet sites, leveraging consumers’ personal information collected online to personalize the ads. The online advertising industry posits that targeted advertising benefits advertising firms (that is, merchants who want to target ads to the desired consumers), consumers who see ads for preferred products, and the intermediary platforms that match consumers with firms. However, the claims that targeted advertising benefits all players involved have not been fully vetted in the literature. We develop an analytical model to analyze the economic and welfare implications of targeting technologies for those three players under alternative consumer information regimes. The regimes differ in the type and amount of consumer data available to the intermediary and to the advertising firms, and reflect the presence or absence of technological or regulatory restrictions to personal information flows. We find evidence of incentive misalignment among the players, as the intermediary prefers to share only a subset of consumer information with firms, whereas advertising firms prefer having complete information about the consumers. As such, a strategic intermediary with the ability to control which information is shared during the auction can have an incentive to use only the information that maximizes its payoff, overlooking the interests of both advertising firms and consumers. The information regimes that maximize consumer welfare vastly differ depending on consumers’ heterogeneity along two dimensions: a horizontal dimension, capturing consumer’s heterogeneity in product preferences; and a vertical dimension, capturing consumers’ heterogeneity in purchase power. Consumers prefer none of their personal information to be used for targeting only in limited circumstances. Otherwise, consumers are either indifferent or prefer only specific types of information to be used for targeting.