bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-step spray coating strategy toward a highly uniform large-area CsPbBr3@PMMA composite film for backlit display
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Rui , Ma Wenqiang , Zhang Huanhuan , Yang Lin
Published: May 2022

The large-scale and continuous production of CsPbBr3@PMMA composite film is realized by the in-situ ultrasonic spray coating method at room temperature. Through embedding CsPbBr3 nanocrystals into the hydrophobic polymer framework, the as-fabricated films (20 cm × 20 cm) exhibit uniform green emissions with a relatively high PLQYs of 76%, and could maintain 80% PL intensity after 3 months storage under ambient conditions. Assembling the green-emissive CsPbBr3@PMMA film and the red-emissive KSF@PMMA film with blue LED chip, a high-performance LCD is obtained, reaching a higher saturation with 126% and 94% color gamut of NTSC and Rec.2020, respectively. This work demonstrates that ultrasonic spray coating technique could be widely used in the large-scale fabrication of uniformly high-quality perovskite films for backlight application.
Bound states in the continuum in all-van der Waals photonic crystals: a route enabling electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Zong Xueyang , Li Lixia , Liu Yufang
Published: May 2022

Recent studies have demonstrated that multilayer transition metal dichalcogenides can serve as promising building blocks for creating new kinds of resonant optical nanostructures due to their very high refractive indices. However, most of such studies have focused on excitonic regimes of light–material interaction, while there are few on the low-loss region below the bandgap. Here, we conceptually propose all-van der Waals photonic crystals made of electronically bulk MoS2 and h-BN, designed to operate in the telecom wavelengths. And we demonstrate that, due to extremely low absorption loss and destructive interaction between symmetry-protected and resonance-trapped bound states in the continuum, high-quality factor transmission peaks associated with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) are observed, thus rendering our proposed structures highly useful for applications like slow light and optical sensing. Furthermore, EIT-like effects are demonstrated in well-engineered MoS2 nanostructures with broken symmetry. We argue that this work is not only of significance for light harvesting in nanostructured van der Waals materials, but provides also a simple path of constructing classical analogues of EIT using dielectric photonic crystals.
Design of off-axis reflective imaging systems based on freeform holographic elements
Authors: Yang Tong , Wang Yongdong , Ni Dongwei , Cheng Dewen , Wang Yongtian
Published: May 2022

Holographic optical element (HOE) can be used in many areas in optics due to its characteristics of thin structure, flexible wavefront reconstruction/control ability and angular/wavelength selectivity. In this paper, we propose a design method of off-axis reflective imaging systems based on freeform HOEs, which are fabricated by freeform wavefronts. The freeform HOEs offer many degrees of design freedom and can correct the aberrations in nonsymmetric imaging systems. The initial imaging system with freeform HOEs is generated using a point-by-point design approach, and is used for the preliminary design of the imaging system and the freeform recording system of each HOE. Then a joint optimization is conducted for all the systems, simultaneously considering the imaging performance, the diffraction efficiency, the system constraints and fabrication to get the final design results. To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, an off-axis reflective head-up display system with good performance based on freeform HOEs is designed and fabricated. Detailed procedures of the design and development process of the prototype are demonstrated.
“If it is not made easy for me, I will just not bother”. A qualitative exploration of the barriers and facilitators to recycling plastics
Authors: Roy Deborah , Berry Emma , Dempster Martin
Published: May 2022

Despite significant investment to increase recycling facilities and kerbside collection of waste materials, plastic packaging is frequently discarded as litter, resulting in significant environmental harm. This research uses qualitative methods to explore the contextual and psychological factors that influence plastic waste disposal behaviour from the perspectives of consumers. This research also reports key results from a brief online survey exploring consumer perspectives toward plastics and plastic recycling. A total of N = 18 adults living in Northern Ireland (NI) participated in a semi-structured interview and N = 756 adults living in NI took part in an online survey. Interview data was analysed via a semi-directed content analysis approach, using the COM-B behaviour change model as a guiding framework. Survey data underwent descriptive and frequency analysis. Collectively, the findings suggest that environmental concern exists among consumers generally, but there is a degree of ambivalence toward recycling that reflects a gap between intentions to recycle and actual recycling behaviour. Plastic recycling behaviour is hindered by three common barriers: 1. confusion and uncertainty about which plastic materials can be recycled (exacerbated by the abundance of plastic products available) 2. perceiving plastic recycling to be less of a personal priority in daily life 3. perceiving that local government and manufacturers have a responsibility to make plastic recycling easier. As recycling is simply not a priority for many individuals, efforts should instead be placed on providing greater scaffolding to make the process of recycling less tedious, confusing, and more habitual. Visual cues on product packing and recycling resources can address ambiguity about which plastic materials can/cannot be recycled and increasing opportunities to recycle (via consistent availability of recycling bins) can reduce the physical burden of accessing recycling resources. Such interventions, based on environmental restructuring and enablement, may increase motivations to recycle by reducing the cognitive and physical burden of recycling, supporting healthier recycling habits.
Assessing the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, shift to online learning, and social media use on the mental health of college students in the Philippines: A mixed-method study protocol
Authors: Lim Leonard Thomas S. , Regencia Zypher Jude G. , Dela Cruz J. Rem C. , Ho Frances Dominique V. , Rodolfo Marcela S. , Ly-Uson Josefina , Baja Emmanuel S.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic declared by the WHO has affected many countries rendering everyday lives halted. In the Philippines, the lockdown quarantine protocols have shifted the traditional college classes to online. The abrupt transition to online classes may bring psychological effects to college students due to continuous isolation and lack of interaction with fellow students and teachers. Our study aims to assess Filipino college students’ mental health status and to estimate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, the shift to online learning, and social media use on mental health. In addition, facilitators or stressors that modified the mental health status of the college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, and subsequent shift to online learning will be investigated.

Methods and analysis

Mixed-method study design will be used, which will involve: (1) an online survey to 2,100 college students across the Philippines; and (2) randomly selected 20–40 key informant interviews (KIIs). Online self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) including Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Brief-COPE will be used. Moreover, socio-demographic factors, social media usage, shift to online learning factors, family history of mental health and COVID-19, and other factors that could affect mental health will also be included in the SAQ. KIIs will explore factors affecting the student’s mental health, behaviors, coping mechanism, current stressors, and other emotional reactions to these stressors. Associations between mental health outcomes and possible risk factors will be estimated using generalized linear models, while a thematic approach will be made for the findings from the KIIs. Results of the study will then be triangulated and summarized.

Ethics and dissemination

Our study has been approved by the University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board (UPMREB 2021-099-01). The results will be actively disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals, social media, print and broadcast media, and various stakeholder activities.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, immune activation, and risk of HIV acquisition
Authors: Bender Ignacio Rachel A. , Long Jessica , Saha Aparajita , Nguyen Felicia K. , Joudeh Lara , Valinetz Ethan , Mendelsohn Simon C. , Scriba Thomas J. , Hatherill Mark , Janes Holly , Churchyard Gavin , Buchbinder Susan , Duerr Ann , Shah Javeed A. , Hawn Thomas R.
Published: May 2022

Background

Although immune activation is associated with HIV acquisition, the nature of inflammatory profiles that increase HIV risk, which may include responses toM.tuberculosis(Mtb) infection, are not well characterized.

Methods

We conducted a nested case-control study using cryopreserved samples from persons who did and did not acquire HIV during the multinational Step clinical trial of the MRKAd5 HIV-1 vaccine. PBMCs from the last HIV-negative sample from incident HIV cases and controls were stimulated withMtb-specific antigens (ESAT-6/CFP-10) and analyzed by flow cytometry with intracellular cytokine staining and scored with COMPASS. We measured inflammatory profiles with five Correlates of TB Risk (CoR) transcriptomic signatures. Our primary analysis examined the association of latentMtbinfection (LTBI; IFNγ+CD4+ T cell frequency) or RISK6 CoR signature with HIV acquisition. Conditional logistic regression analyses, adjusted for known predictors of HIV acquisition, were employed to assess whether TB-associated immune markers were associated with HIV acquisition.

Results

Among 465 participants, LTBI prevalence (21.5% controls vs 19.1% cases, p = 0.51) and the RISK6 signature were not higher in those who acquired HIV. In exploratory analyses,Mtbantigen-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cell COMPASS scores (aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.77, 1.20) were not higher in those who acquired HIV. Two CoR signatures, Sweeney3 (aOR 1.38 (1.07, 1.78) per SD change) and RESPONSE5 (0.78 (0.61, 0.98)), were associated with HIV acquisition. The transcriptomic pattern used to differentiate active vs latent TB (Sweeney3) was most strongly associated with acquiring HIV.

Conclusions

LTBI,Mtbpolyfunctional antigen-specific CD4+ T cell activation, and RISK6 were not identified as risks for HIV acquisition. In exploratory transcriptomic analyses, two CoR signatures were associated with HIV risk after adjustment for known behavioral and clinical risk factors. We identified host gene expression signatures associated with HIV acquisition, but the observed effects are likely not mediated throughMtbinfection.
Comparison of porcine and human vascular diameters for the optimization of interventional stroke training and research
Authors: Mathern Nathalie , Yousefian Ehsan , Ridwan Hani , Nikoubashman Omid , Wiesmann Martin
Published: May 2022

The branches of the porcine subclavian artery are frequently used in endovascular stroke training and research. This study aimed to determine a porcine weight group, in which the arterial diameters most closely match human cerebral artery diameters, and thus optimize the porcine in-vivo model for neuroendovascular purposes. A group of 42 German Landrace swine (45–74 kg) was divided into four subgroups according to their weight. Angiographic images of the swine were used to determine the arterial diameter of the main branches of the subclavian artery: axillary artery, brachial artery, external thoracic artery, subscapular artery (at two different segments), suprascapular artery, caudal circumflex humeral artery, thoracodorsal artery, and circumflex scapular artery. The porcine arterial diameters were correlated with animal weight and compared to luminal diameters of human arteries which are commonly involved in stroke: internal carotid artery, basilar artery, vertebral artery, middle cerebral artery and M2 branches of the middle cerebral artery. Swine weight was positively correlated with porcine arterial diameter. The most conformity with human arterial diameters was found within the two heavier porcine groups (55–74 kg). We suggest the use of swine with a weight between 55–59.7 kg, as lighter animals show less similarity with human arterial diameters and heavier animals could cause more problems with manipulation and handling.
Hizkuntz irizpideak XVII. mendeko Lapurdiko eliz agirietan, eta haietan bildutako zenbait zertzelada garaiko autoreen gainean
Authors: Etxagibel Javier
Published: May 2022

Ikerlan honetan XVII. mendeko Lapurdiko eliz agirietan erabilitako hizkuntzak aztertu ditugu, haren hizkuntza-egoera berezia kontuan hartuta. Izan ere, frantsesa zen administrazio hizkuntza bakarra, latina eliz hizkuntza ofiziala eta euskara herritarrek erabilitako ia hizkuntza bakarra. Bestalde, agirietan diren garai hartako euskal idazle batzuei eta haien testuei buruzko zenbait zertzelada aurkezten ditugu.
Ateratako ondorioen artean honako hauek nabarmendu behar dira: frantsesa da erabilitako hizkuntza nagusia, eta latina kasu bakanetan baino ez da agertzen. Ustekabez, zenbait agiri gaztelaniaz idatzita daude. Euskara agiri ofizialetatik erabat baztertua izan zen, nahiz eta agiriak idatzi zituztenetako askok euskara ama hizkuntzatzat bide zuten.
Erlatibizazio-estrategiak euskaraz: begirada historiari
Authors: Krajewska Dorota
Published: May 2022

Lan honetan euskarazko erlatibizazio-estrategiak aztertzen dira, kontuan hartuz  izen aurreko, izen osteko erlatiboak, erlatibo aposatuak, bait- erlatiboak eta zein erlatiboak. Oinarri bezala, XVI-XIX. mendeetako testuen corpus bat erabili da. Lanaren lehen helburua da erlatiboen arteko lehia aztertzea, egituren maiztasuna nola aldatu den ikusteko. Corpusaren azterketak erakusten du erlatiboen erabileran aukerak murrizten hasten direla XVIII. mendearen erditik aurrera, izen aurreko egitura gustiz nagusitzeraino. Bigarren helburua egituren erabilera konparatzea da, bakoitzaren tokia eta funtzioa sistema osoaren barruan zein den edo zein izan den argitzeko. Horretarako alderdi hauek aztertu dira: egitura bakoitzean erlatibiza daitezkeen argumentuak, perpaus erlatiboaren luzera, bizidun/bizigabe bereizketa eta horren eragina egituraren hautuan, menpeko perpausaren funtzioa eta horren kokapena perpaus nagusiaren barruan. Emaitzek erakusten dute, funtsean, erlatiboa eskuin duten erlatiboak testuinguru berezietan edo markatuetan erabiltzen zirela (adibidez, izen aurreko egituran ezinezkoak ziren kasuak erlatibizatzeko edo menpeko perpausa bereziki luzea zenean).
Ekialdeko euskararen komitatiboa polimorfismoaz harago
Authors: Padilla Moyano Manuel
Published: May 2022

Artikulu honetan ekialdeko euskararen komitatiboaren atzizkiak azterkatzen ditugu, nagusiki Zuberoako euskara historikoaren corpusaren argitara. Komitatiboaren aldakortasun morfologikoaren kontu zehatza errendatzeaz gainera, arta berezia eskainiko diogu ‑kila(n) morfema konposatuari. Datuen analisiaren ondoren, Gavelen inspirazioaz, eta argudio tipologiko eta filologikoetan oinarrituz, (ekialdeko) euskararen kasu sistemak behiala bi komitatibo bereizten zituela proposatuko dugu.
Towards a History of Basque Anthroponymy
Authors: Martínez Areta Mikel
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a short history of Basque anthroponymy is made, starting from Antiquity and going through the Roman period, the Middle Ages, the Modern Age and the Contemporary Age. For each of these periods, the stock of the most frequent person names is presented, by synthesizing a variety of works by other authors, who in turn depend on the kind of sources that we have for each period. As in other parts of Europe, an autochthonous repertoire of anthroponyms dominates until the 11th century, either of Aquitanian/Basque etymology or borrowed (mainly from Romance), but deep-rooted in the Basque-speaking areas and particularly in the Kingdom of Pamplona.
From the 11th century, the centralizing reforms undertaken by the Catholic Church brought about a gradual substitution of those ancient person names by some others taken from saints, evangelists, characters of the New Testament, a tendency brought to the extreme by the previsions fostered by the Council of Trent. However, as any other European language, Basque developed vernacular versions of these names, as well as an ample array of hypocoristic variants, in which the autochtonous processes of the language such as suffixation, palatalization, etc., are profusely employed.
As against some previous accounts of Basque anthroponymy, which have focused exclusively on the analysis of separate anthroponymic units (basically idionyms and patronyms), this paper aims at a global description of the anthroponymic system, considering also social aspects like the development of naming structures as a whole (e.g. idionym + patronym + toponym), and the motivation for giving children particular names (according to relatives, ancestors, patron saints, calendars…).
Beste aditz laguntzaile ditrantsitibo bat Gipuzkoa mendebaldean: -ag- erroko formen jatorria eta garapena
Authors: Ariztimuño Lopez Borja
Published: May 2022

Artikulu honetan Gipuzkoa mendebaldeko hizkeretan baizik ageri ez den aditz laguntzaile batez arituko naiz (adib. Otxoa Arinen diago ‘dio’), bi helburu nagusirekin: batetik, lehen aldiz forma dokumentatu guztiak sailkatzea (orain arte identifikatu ez diren zenbait barne), eta bestalde, adizki horien eta orobat gutxi aztertu diren Lazarragaren jago ‘dio’ erakoen arteko harremana argitzea, guztien sorreraren eta garapenaren gaineko proposamen bat eginez. Hala, testuen azterketa filologikoa eta barne-berreraiketa baliatuz ondoriozta daiteke ezen Araba ipar-ekialdeko eta Debarroaren inguruko euskaran *edun-en forma ditrantsitibo bereziak garatu zirela, zeinek bilakaera fonologiko baten ondorioz -ag- erroa erakusten duten, eta betiere 3. pertsonako datibo-komunztadura.
Mikoletaren 1653ko elkarrizketa itzulien espainolezko jatorrizkoez, eta haien (in)dependentzia mailaz jatorrizko hizkuntzaren aldean
Authors: Hidalgo Eizagirre Bittor
Published: May 2022

Behin finkatuta ezagutzen dugun Mikoletaren eskuizkribua Sainthill jaunaren eskukoa dela (Hidalgo argitaratzeko a; Ibarra & Hidalgo 2020), artikuluan erakutsitako ikerketa lanaren helburu izan da ahalik eta zehatzen finkatzea Mikoletak itzulitako elkarrizketen jatorrizko testua, ondoren xehe hausnartu ahal izateko hauen itzulpen hizkeraren fidagarritasunaz eta balioaz garaiko eta inguruko hizkeraren lekuko gisa (Hidalgo argitaratzeko b). Horretarako, lehenik, elkarrekin konparatuz Mikoletarenetiko espainolezko eskuizkribua honen aukerako iturriekin, zehaztuz hauekiko aldeak, eta bereziki azpimarratuz aldeok bide duten eragina euskarazko itzulpenean. Bigarrenik, elkarrekin parekatuz euskarazko testuaren eta balizko espainolezko jatorrizkoaren hainbat parekotasun eta alde nabarmen, ideia argiagoa egiteko Mikoletak erabilitako itzulpen eredu eta prozedurez, eta hala, xede hizkuntzako emaitzaren fideltasun, mendekotasun, malgutasun, askatasun mailaz, sorburu hizkuntzako testuen aldean.
Computational causal discovery: Advantages and assumptions
Authors: Zhang Kun
Published: May 2022

I would like to congratulate James Woodward for another landmark accomplishment, after publishing his Making things happen: A theory of causal explanation (Woodward, 2003). Making things happen gives an elegant interventionist theory for understanding explanation and causation. The new contribution (Woodward, 2022) relies on that theory and further makes a big step towards empirical inference of causal relations from non-experimental data. In this paper, I will focus on some of the emerging computational methods for finding causal relations from non-experimental data and attempt to complement Woodward's contribution with discussions on 1) how these methods are connected to the interventionist theory of causality, 2) how informative the output of the methods is, including whether they output directed causal graphs and how they deal with confounders (unmeasured common causes of two measured variables), and 3) the assumptions underlying the asymptotic correctness of the output of the methods about causal relations. Different causal discovery methods may rely on different aspects of the joint distribution of the data, and this discussion aims to provide a technical account of the assumptions.
Artificial neural network modelling of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by honey
Authors: Abeska Yesim Yilmaz , Cavas Levent
Published: May 2022

Nanomaterials draw attention because of their unique physical, chemical and biological properties in areas such as catalysis, electronic, optics, medicine, solar energy conversion and water treatment. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has many superiorities compared to physical and chemical methods such as lowcost, nontoxicity, eco-sensitive. In this paper, experimental conditions related togreen synthesis of silver nanoparticles by honey were modelled using artificial neural network (ANN). While agitation time, agitation rate, pH, temperature, honey concentration, AgNO3 concentration were selected as input parameters, production of silver nanoparticles was used as an output parameter. According to the results, optimum hidden neuron number was found as 40 with LevenbergMarquardt back-propagation algorithm. In this conditions, the percentages of training, validationand testing were 75, 20 and 5, respectively. After creating neural network separated input data set was applied and then experimental and ANN predicted data were compared. In conclusion, ANN can be an alternative modelling and robust approach that could help researchers in this field to estimate production of silver nanoparticles.
A universal ECG signal classification system using the wavelet transform
Authors: Daqrouq Khaled , Alkhateeb Abdulhameed , Ahmad Waleed , Khalaf Emad , Awad Mohamed , Noeth Elmar , Alharbey R.A. , Rushdi Ali Muhammad
Published: May 2022

The electrocardiograph (ECG) is one of the most successful medical diagnostic tools. The ECG can show, roughly speaking, all types of heart disordersthat appear as ECG signal arrhythmias or problems with the rate or rhythm of thehuman heartbeat. In this paper, a universal ECG signal arrhythmia classificationsystem is proposed. The proposed system is based on using the wavelet transformin two of its known forms, namely, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) andthe wavelet packet transform (WPT), or a combination thereof. The purpose ofthe research reported herein is to find out a universal classification system; in thesense of providing a capability for simultaneous classification of all types of known heart arrhythmias. Three algorithms based on the wavelet transform are tested for different wavelet levels, wavelet functions, training and testing ratios, and elapsed times. We rank these algorithms according to the elapsed times needed for their processing over the whole loop of the eight different arrhythmia classes. This ranking nominates the WPT-based algorithm to be the most superior method among the competing methods. A different ranking according to successful recognition rates assigns priority instead to the method combining the WPT and the DWT.
El ojo de “Parrish”
Authors: Vidal Ortega Antonino , Uribe Marenco Marlem
Published: May 2022

Fotografías del primer cuarto de siglo XX de Barranquilla y Cartagena tomadas por Karl Parrish
Columna de tema: Diario El Promotor.Organo de los intereses comerciales de Barranquilla, 1873
Authors: D'Amato Castillo Guissepe
Published: May 2022

El siguiente informe hizo parte de una columna publicada por el diario El Promotor hacia 1873 en Barranquilla. Podría resumirse a simple vista como un análisis —de primera mano— a la dificultad ancestral de acceso al rio Magdalena que vivió Cartagena y Santa Marta, y que afrontó Barranquilla en los inicios de la vida republicana, con el ingrediente de enfrentar los intereses comerciales de sus vecinas.
Reinventando tradiciones
Authors: Yidi David Odette Marie
Published: May 2022

Receta del Marmaón desde el Caribe
Planeando la ciudad. Planos de la constructora Parrish a mediados de siglo XX
Authors: Vidal Ortega Antonino , Uribe Marenco Marlem , D'Amato Giuseppe
Published: May 2022

Relación de planos de la constructora Parrish de la primera mitad de siglo XIX.
Fabelns väg till barnlitteraturen
Authors: Zillén Erik
Published: May 2022

Fable’s Route to Children’s Literature: From Camerarius to Hey

With the emergence of children’s literature in the modern sense in the eighteenth century, new genres of literature especially intended for young readers came into being. In addition, several well established genres, one of which was the Aesopic fable, were adapted and redirected to augment the growing children’s library. Focussing partly on a Scandinavian context, this article outlines fable’s evolution from a genre used in the teaching of classical languages in schools to a literary kind deliberately designed for young readers in their mother tongue. Specifically, it identifies Jean de La Fontaine’s and Antoine Houdart de La Motte’s making of a poetically advanced fable aimed at a readership of adults as a major impetus for the transition; the targeting of a particular age group was thus far unknown in the history of the genre, and it inspired educatively engaged authors to adopt the countermove of constructing a fable specifically addressed to children. The process of generic transformation was accompanied by debates on fable’s suitability as children’s literature, in which arguments put forward in Émile, ou de l’Éducation (1762) played an important role. Somewhat paradoxically, though, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s critical opinion of the genre stimulated the invention of a fable distinctly formulated for young readers, reaching one of its high points in Johann Wilhelm Hey’s Fünfzig Fabeln für Kinder (1833).
Ulf Starks pojkland
Authors: Öhrn Magnus
Published: May 2022

The Boys’ Nation According to Ulf Stark: A Literary Excursion in Stureby

A great part of Ulf Stark’s literary œuvre takes place in Stureby, a suburb south of Stockholm, and more specifically Stureby in the 1950s, the place and era of the author’s own boyhood. Although the environment we enter via Stark’s authorship is to be regarded as his imaginary universe, an investigation such as this shows that there are several links and correspondences between the literary setting and the real suburb. In order to investigate some of these connections, this study invokes two theoretical fields. The first one is literary geography, more precisely Henri Lefebvre’s spatial triad, concerning three both different and interacting ways of understanding a room: the perceived, the conceptualized, and the social. Furthermore this survey takes into account different historical documents concerning Stureby, and also a form of literary excursion, a pondering walking tour around Stureby of today, with Stark’s narrative in mind. The second theoretical field is boyhood studies and in particular the idea of a boys’ own “nation”, a distinct cultural world with its own rituals and own symbols and values: a social space where the boys play outside the rules of the adult world. The book chosen for this investigation is Stark’s Min vän Percys magiska gymnastikskor (My Friend Percy’s Magical Gym Shoes, 1991). The study shows that specific places in Stureby, such as the suburban road, the tunnel, the kiosk, and the subway bridge are invaded and appropriated by the boys, and turned into arenas of different boy culture rituals and adventures. This, in turn, means that the geographical places described in Stark’s work influence the style of the work – for example its narrative action, its vocabulary, the narrative devices, and the compositional form.
Comb-referenced metrology laser for interferometric length measurements in nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machines
Authors: Blumröder Ulrike , Köchert Paul , Flügge Jens , Füßl Roland , Ortlepp Ingo , Manske Eberhard
Published: May 2022

In this article a new approach for the direct traceability of interferometric length measurements in nanopositioning- and measuring machines is presented. The concept is based on an optical frequency comb tied to a GPS disciplined oscillator. The frequency comb serves as a highly stable reference laser with traceable optical frequencies. By directly stabilizing the metrology lasers of a nanopositioning and -measuring machine to a single comb line a permanent link of the laser frequency to an atomic clock is created allowing direct traceability to the SI meter definition. The experimental conditions to provide traceability will be discussed. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the long-term frequency stability of an individual comb line can be transferred onto the metrology lasers enhancing their stability by three orders of magnitude.
The Provosts of the Chapter of Vasvár During the Reign of King Matthias Corvinus
Authors: Horváth Terézia
Published: May 2022

Up until now, littlé atténtion has béén paid to thé pérsonnél of thé Chaptér of Vasvár by thé medievalists. Since it is not a cathedral chapter, but a collegiate one, therefore it was not noted among the more significant chapters, therefore, due to the particularly rich source material, the compréhénsivé adaptation of thé chaptér’s pérsonnél is a compléméntary task. In thé présént paper, I attempt to introduce the life and carrier of the provosts of thé Chaptér of Vasvár undér the reign of king Matthias I (1458–1490). In the second half of the 15th century there were six provosts in this chaptér, howévér wé aré only familiar with four pérsons’ namé among thém. The study demonstrates the carrier of the remaining two provosts (Thomas of Kutas and Ladislas of Kemend) of the chapter, since their lives are rather well documented. As a canon of Vasvár, Thomas of Kutas visited an Italian university, where he obtained the decretorum doctor grade. Later he held various stallums in thé chaptérs of Győr and Esztergom. Ladislas of Kemend was the governor of abbeys on the commission of the pope, and he also had a position in the court of the Archbishop of Esztergom and later represented King Vladislaus II at the Papal Court in Rome. Due to their carrier expériéncés, I firmly believe that the provosts of Vasvár – in case of receiving the proper education and being in possession of the necessary talents – could fill in any important clerical or diplomatic positions outside the chapter as well.
The Life and Work of the Abbot and Nuncio, Girolamo Martinengo in Hungary
Authors: Kanász Viktor
Published: May 2022

On the 17th December 1551 the mercenaries of Ferdinand I murdered one of the most influential politicians of the Kingdom of Hungary, Cardinal George Martinuzzi, the Archbishop of Esztergom and the Voivode of Transylvania in the castle of Alvinc. This action created a huge scandal not only in Hungary but throughout the whole Christendom, leading to one of the most acute crises in the Habsburg-papal relations. According to canon law, those who were responsible for the crime became automatically excommunicated (only King Ferdinand I was dispensed temporarily by Julius III), and a long investigation began. The inquiry was led by Count Abbot Girolamo Martinengo, the nuncio to Ferdinand. In this papér, I aim to discuss thé significancé and importancé of Martinuzzi’s figure in contemporary papal diplomacy. Among other elements, the followings will be elucidated: his origins and youth, his work as a nuncio in Poland, England and to Ferdinand I, and his activity in the Papal Curia.
Curialists and Hungarian Church Benefices in the 14th Century
Authors: Maléth Ágnes
Published: May 2022

The papal government was characterized by centralization in the 14th century in which the tax system and the papal beneficial policy were two main factors. The Avignon popes strived to extend their influence on every stratum of the ecclesiastical hierarchy by rewarding the members of the curia’s dévéloping administrativé systém with bénéficés in thé local churchés. Thé changés in thé functioning of the papal curia offered a great opportunity for a growing number of qualified clerics to build successful careers in the papal service. The process briefly described above had an impact on the contemporary ecclesiastical structure of the Hungarian Kingdom, as more and more clerics tried to obtain benefices with papal protection, especially in the second half of the 14th century. Soon not only papal officers, but cardinals and the members of their entourage held Hungarian ecclesiastical titles as well. The main aim of the present paper is to analyse the lifepath of a curialist, Petrus Begonis. First procurator of cardinal Guillaume de la Jugie, later papal chaplain, Petrus Begonis was granted various church offices – also in the Hungarian Kingdom – and charged with diverse diplomatic tasks in different parts of Europe (Hungary, Holy Roman Empire, Italy). His ecclesiastical career – spanning from the reign of Clement VI to that of Urban VI – gives an insight in the functioning of the papal curia in Avignon and helps us comprehend the administrational changes in the 14th century.
St. Gregory, the Patron Saint of Bosnia
Authors: Filipović Emir O.
Published: May 2022

This paper attempts to shed light on the fluctuating identity of the patron saint of medieval Bosnia. Using available written sources and surviving contemporary numismatic material from the fourteenth and fifteenth century, it presents a curious situation whereby in the late Middle Ages at least three different saints of the same name were revered as patrons of the realm. The author argues that the choice of the specific saints and the changes in their identity were motivated by the peculiar religious conditions in Bosnia where, in light of the Ottoman expansion in the Balkans, the existence of the schismatic Bosnian Church increased external pressure on the ruling structures within the Kingdom of Bosnia to finally accept Latin Christianity as the official state religion.
Nulla spes sit …
Authors: Dautović Dženan
Published: May 2022

The main goal of this paper is to examine the relations between the Bosnian Banate and the papacy during the thirteenth century, one of the most turbulent periods in the history of this interaction. The focus will be set on the development of the situation regarding the Bosnian bishopric, its position in the political turmoil, and its fate after the collapse of every chance for agreement. First, we will give a short overview of the periods that precede this time when this bishopric was the centre of two waves of the Christianization of these areas and the carrier of religious life during the late Antiquity and early Middle Ages. The main part of the paper is dedicated to the events from the first half of the thirteenth century, crucial period that shaped the future political and religious picture of medieval Bosnia. The final part of the paper will cover the longest lasting consequences of the aforementioned events: the cessation of official contacts between Bosnia and the Roman Curia, relocation of the Bosnian bishopric outside its territory, and the formation of the Bosnian church – an autocephalous organization that emerged on the foundations of the previous Catholic diocese.
The Collegiate Chapter of Arad
Authors: Kovács István
Published: May 2022

This study examines the early development of the function as place of authentication in the case of the collegiate chapter of Arad from the first issued diploma (1229) to the death of King Charles I. Although earlier historiography examined some of the important places of authentication (e.g., Pécs, Csanád), in casé of Arad, only oné historian, Kálmán Juhász analyséd oné hundréd yéars ago the first charters and the authentication function. The study will present the historiography some aspects about charter issuing, the flow of information between medium regni (Buda, Viségrád) and Arad. I have also collected the contributors related to the place of authentication (dignitaries, canons and choir priests). In Appendix, I have published the list of the diplomas issued by the collegiate chapter of Arad with the main details between 1229 and 1342.
Visual Stimulation Induces Distinct Forms of Sensitization of On-Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell Responses in the Dorsal and Ventral Retina
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Kim Alan Jaehyun , Acarón Ledesma Héctor , Ding Jennifer , Smith Robert G. , Wei Wei
Published: May 2022

Experience-dependent modulation of neuronal responses is a key attribute in sensory processing. In the mammalian retina, the On-Off direction-selective ganglion cell (DSGC) is well known for its robust direction selectivity. However, how the On-Off DSGC light responsiveness dynamically adjusts to the changing visual environment is underexplored. Here, we report that On-Off DSGCs tuned to posterior motion direction [i.e. posterior DSGCs (pDSGCs)] in mice of both sexes can be transiently sensitized by prior stimuli. Notably, distinct sensitization patterns are found in dorsal and ventral pDSGCs. Although responses of both dorsal and ventral pDSGCs to dark stimuli (Off responses) are sensitized, only dorsal cells show the sensitization of responses to bright stimuli (On responses). Visual stimulation to the dorsal retina potentiates a sustained excitatory input from Off bipolar cells, leading to tonic depolarization of pDSGCs. Such tonic depolarization propagates from the Off to the On dendritic arbor of the pDSGC to sensitize its On response. We also identified a previously overlooked feature of DSGC dendritic architecture that can support dendritic integration between On and Off dendritic layers bypassing the soma. By contrast, ventral pDSGCs lack a sensitized tonic depolarization and thus do not exhibit sensitization of their On responses. Our results highlight a topographic difference in Off bipolar cell inputs underlying divergent sensitization patterns of dorsal and ventral pDSGCs. Moreover, substantial crossovers between dendritic layers of On-Off DSGCs suggest an interactive dendritic algorithm for processing On and Off signals before they reach the soma.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual neuronal responses are dynamically influenced by the prior visual experience. This form of plasticity reflects the efficient coding of the naturalistic environment by the visual system. We found that a class of retinal output neurons, On-Off direction-selective ganglion cells, transiently increase their responsiveness after visual stimulation. Cells located in dorsal and ventral retinas exhibit distinct sensitization patterns because of different adaptive properties of Off bipolar cell signaling. A previously overlooked dendritic morphologic feature of the On-Off direction-selective ganglion cell is implicated in the cross talk between On and Off pathways during sensitization. Together, these findings uncover a topographic difference in the adaptive encoding of upper and lower visual fields and the underlying neural mechanism in the dorsal and ventral retinas.
Dynamic Distortion of Orientation Representation after Learning in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Corbo Julien , McClure John P. , Erkat O. Batuhan , Polack Pierre-Olivier
Published: May 2022

Learning is an essential cognitive mechanism allowing behavioral adaptation through adjustments in neuronal processing. It is associated with changes in the activity of sensory cortical neurons evoked by task-relevant stimuli. However, the exact nature of those modifications and the computational advantages they may confer are still debated. Here, we investigated how learning an orientation discrimination task alters the neuronal representations of the cues orientations in the primary visual cortex (V1) of male and female mice. When comparing the activity evoked by the task stimuli in naive mice and the mice performing the task, we found that the representations of the orientation of the rewarded and nonrewarded cues were more accurate and stable in trained mice. This better cue representation in trained mice was associated with a distortion of the orientation representation space such that stimuli flanking the task-relevant orientations were represented as the task stimuli themselves, suggesting that those stimuli were generalized as the task cues. This distortion was context dependent as it was absent in trained mice passively viewing the task cues and enhanced in the behavioral sessions where mice performed best. Those modifications of the V1 population orientation representation in performing mice were supported by a suppression of the activity of neurons tuned for orientations neighboring the orientations of the task cues. Thus, visual processing in V1 is dynamically adapted to enhance the reliability of the representation of the learned cues and favor generalization in the task-relevant computational space.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPerformance improvement in a task often requires facilitating the extraction of the information necessary to its execution. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a suppression mechanism that improves the representation of the orientations of the task stimuli in the V1 of mice performing an orientation discrimination task. We also show that this mechanism distorts the V1 orientation representation space, leading stimuli flanking the task stimuli orientations to be generalized as the task stimuli themselves.
Dynein Is Required for Rab7-Dependent Endosome Maturation, Retrograde Dendritic Transport, and Degradation
Authors: Yap Chan Choo , Digilio Laura , McMahon Lloyd P. , Wang Tuanlao , Winckler Bettina
Published: May 2022

In all cell types, endocytosed cargo is transported along a set of endosomal compartments, which are linked maturationally from early endosomes (EEs) via late endosomes (LEs) to lysosomes. Lysosomes are critical for degradation of proteins that enter through endocytic as well as autophagic pathways. Rab7 is the master regulator of early-to-late endosome maturation, motility, and fusion with lysosomes. We previously showed that most degradative lysosomes are localized in the soma and in the first 25 µm of the dendrite and that bulk degradation of dendritic membrane proteins occurs in/near the soma. Dendritic late endosomes therefore move retrogradely in a Rab7-dependent manner for fusion with somatic lysosomes. We now used cultured E18 rat hippocampal neurons of both sexes to determine which microtubule motor is responsible for degradative flux of late endosomes. Based on multiple approaches (inhibiting dynein/dynactin itself or inhibiting dynein recruitment to endosomes by expressing the C-terminus of the Rab7 effector, RILP), we now demonstrate that net retrograde flux of late endosomes in dendrites is supported by dynein. Inhibition of dynein also delays maturation of somatic endosomes, as evidenced by excessive accumulation of Rab7. In addition, degradation of dendritic cargos is inhibited. Our results also suggest that GDP-GTP cycling of Rab7 appears necessary not only for endosomal maturation but also for fusion with lysosomes subsequent to arrival in the soma. In conclusion, Rab7-dependent dynein/dynactin recruitment to dendritic endosomes plays multifaceted roles in dendritic endosome maturation as well as retrograde transport of late endosomes to sustain normal degradative flux.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLysosomes are critical for degradation of membrane and extracellular proteins that enter through endocytosis. Lysosomes are also the endpoint of autophagy and thus responsible for protein and organelle homeostasis. Endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction is linked to neurodegeneration and aging. We identify roles in dendrites for two proteins with links to human diseases, Rab7 and dynein. Our previous work identified a process that requires directional retrograde transport in dendrites, namely, efficient degradation of short-lived membrane proteins. Based on multiple approaches, we demonstrate that Rab7-dependent recruitment of dynein motors supports net retrograde transport to lysosomes and is needed for endosome maturation. Our data also suggest that GDP-GTP cycling of Rab7 is required for fusion with lysosomes and degradation, subsequent to arrival in the soma.
When School Is Home and Home Is Work
Authors: Saindon Christina E. , Chen Yea-Wen
Published: April 2022

This essay discloses the journey of two women as they become faculty-in-residence (FIR) at different institutions. Though far apart physically, the authors utilize a method of collaborative autoethnography to reflect on how their experiences marked boundaries, allowed for self-care, and supported residential education and community. Storied moments highlight issues of emotional labor, especially for female FIRs; out-of-class interactions with students; intricate balancing of being a faculty and a resident; and the challenges and advantages of “homing” on campus.
CHALLENGES FACED BY SOCIAL WORKERS IN RENDERING SERVICES TO NYAOPE SUBSTANCE USERS
Authors: Khanyi Vusi , Malesa Kgashane Johannes
Published: May 2022

Use of nyaope amongst South Africans has risen dramatically. Concerns have been expressed about the negative effects this illicit drug has on communities. Currently, there is a dearth of scientific evidence on the challenges facing social workers rendering services to nyaope users. This study adopted a qualitative approach guided by ecological systems theory; data were collected through semi-structured interviews through purposive sampling and analysed through identifying themes. The study established that there are many challenges facing social workers working with nyaope substance users such as dishonesty and unreliability of clients; dealing with reluctant and non-voluntary clients and dealing with clients who return to using illicit opioids.
Omics of endothelial cell dysfunction in sepsis
Authors: Langston Jordan C , Rossi Michael T , Yang Qingliang , Ohley William , Perez Edwin , Kilpatrick Laurie E , Prabhakarpandian Balabhaskar , Kiani Mohammad F
Published: May 2022

During sepsis, defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host response to infection, systemic inflammation activates endothelial cells and initiates a multifaceted cascade of pro-inflammatory signaling events, resulting in increased permeability and excessive recruitment of leukocytes. Vascular endothelial cells share many common properties but have organ-specific phenotypes with unique structure and function. Thus, therapies directed against endothelial cell phenotypes are needed to address organ-specific endothelial cell dysfunction. Omics allow for the study of expressed genes, proteins and/or metabolites in biological systems and provide insight on temporal and spatial evolution of signals during normal and diseased conditions. Proteomics quantifies protein expression, identifies protein–protein interactions and can reveal mechanistic changes in endothelial cells that would not be possible to study via reductionist methods alone. In this review, we provide an overview of how sepsis pathophysiology impacts omics with a focus on proteomic analysis of mouse endothelial cells during sepsis/inflammation and its relationship with the more clinically relevant omics of human endothelial cells. We discuss how omics has been used to define septic endotype signatures in different populations with a focus on proteomic analysis in organ-specific microvascular endothelial cells during sepsis or septic-like inflammation. We believe that studies defining septic endotypes based on proteomic expression in endothelial cell phenotypes are urgently needed to complement omic profiling of whole blood and better define sepsis subphenotypes. Lastly, we provide a discussion of how in silico modeling can be used to leverage the large volume of omics data to map response pathways in sepsis.