bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New species of heterostigmatic mites (Acari: Heterostigmata: Athyreacaridae, Dolichocybidae, Pygmephoridae) associated with scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) from Brazil
Authors: KHAUSTOV ALEXANDER A. , FROLOV ANDREY V.
Published: July 2017

Three new species of heterostigmatic mites (Acari: Heterostigmata) from Brazil are described: Athyreacarus primitivus sp. nov. (Athyreacaridae), Pavania neotropica sp. nov. (Dolichocybidae) and Spatulaphorus brasiliensis sp. nov. (Pygmephoridae) collected from the scarab beetles Bolbapium howdeni Martínez (Geotrupidae), Canthon histrio (Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville) and Dichotomius podalirius Felsche (Scarabaeidae), respectively. Keys to species of the genera Pavania and Spatulaphorus of the world are provided.
The larva of Polycentropus ierapetra Malicky 1972 (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae), including a key to the larvae of genus
Polycentropus (Curtis 1835) in the Hellenic western Balkan region
Authors: KARAOUZAS IOANNIS , WARINGER JOHANN
Published: July 2017

Genus Polycentropus Curtis 1835 is represented in Greece by three species: Polycentropus excisus Klapálek 1894, P. flavomaculatus (Pictet 1834) and P. ierapetra Malicky 1972. The larvae of the former two species are well known, whereas the larva of P. ierapetra was hitherto unknown. In this paper, we describe the larva of P. ierapetra; diagnostic features of the species are listed and illustrated, and some information on its ecology is included. In addition, diagnostic characters for the larvae of the known Polycentropus species occurring in the Hellenic western Balkan region are provided.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Shallow Cumulus over Land: A Composite Case Based on ARM Long-Term Observations at Its Southern Great Plains Site
Authors: Zhang Yunyan , Klein Stephen A. , Fan Jiwen , Chandra Arunchandra S. , Kollias Pavlos , Xie Shaocheng , Tang Shuaiqi
Published: July 2017

Based on long-term observations by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program at its Southern Great Plains site, a new composite case of continental shallow cumulus (ShCu) convection is constructed for large-eddy simulations (LES) and single-column models. The case represents a typical daytime nonprecipitating ShCu whose formation and dissipation are driven by the local atmospheric conditions and land surface forcing and are not influenced by synoptic weather events. The case includes early morning initial profiles of temperature and moisture with a residual layer; diurnally varying sensible and latent heat fluxes, which represent a domain average over different land surface types; simplified large-scale horizontal advective tendencies and subsidence; and horizontal winds with prevailing direction and average speed. Observed composite cloud statistics are provided for model evaluation.

The observed diurnal cycle is well reproduced by LES; however, the cloud amount, liquid water path, and shortwave radiative effect are generally underestimated. LES are compared between simulations with an all-or-nothing bulk microphysics and a spectral bin microphysics. The latter shows improved agreement with observations in the total cloud cover and the amount of clouds with depths greater than 300 m. When compared with radar retrievals of in-cloud air motion, LES produce comparable downdraft vertical velocities, but a larger updraft area, velocity, and updraft mass flux. Both observations and LES show a significantly larger in-cloud downdraft fraction and downdraft mass flux than marine ShCu.
Do Statistical Pattern Corrections Improve Seasonal Climate Predictions in the North American Multimodel Ensemble Models?
Authors: Barnston Anthony G. , Tippett Michael K.
Published: July 2017

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA)-based statistical corrections are applied to seasonal mean precipitation and temperature hindcasts of the individual models from the North American Multimodel Ensemble project to correct biases in the positions and amplitudes of the predicted large-scale anomaly patterns. Corrections are applied in 15 individual regions and then merged into globally corrected forecasts. The CCA correction dramatically improves the RMS error skill score, demonstrating that model predictions contain correctable systematic biases in mean and amplitude. However, the corrections do not materially improve the anomaly correlation skills of the individual models for most regions, seasons, and lead times, with the exception of October–December precipitation in Indonesia and eastern Africa. Models with lower uncorrected correlation skill tend to benefit more from the correction, suggesting that their lower skills may be due to correctable systematic errors. Unexpectedly, corrections for the globe as a single region tend to improve the anomaly correlation at least as much as the merged corrections to the individual regions for temperature, and more so for precipitation, perhaps due to better noise filtering. The lack of overall improvement in correlation may imply relatively mild errors in large-scale anomaly patterns. Alternatively, there may be such errors, but the period of record is too short to identify them effectively but long enough to find local biases in mean and amplitude. Therefore, statistical correction methods treating individual locations (e.g., multiple regression or principal component regression) may be recommended for today’s coupled climate model forecasts. The findings highlight that the performance of statistical postprocessing can be grossly overestimated without thorough cross validation or evaluation on independent data.
Impacts of Assimilating Satellite Sea Ice Concentration and Thickness on Arctic Sea Ice Prediction in the NCEP Climate Forecast System
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Liu Jiping , Song Mirong , Yang Qinghua , Xu Shiming
Published: July 2017

Here sea ice concentration derived from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder and thickness derived from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity and CryoSat-2 satellites are assimilated in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System using a localized error subspace transform ensemble Kalman filter (LESTKF). Three ensemble-based hindcasts are conducted to examine impacts of the assimilation on Arctic sea ice prediction, including CTL (without any assimilation), LESTKF-1 (with initial sea ice assimilation only), and LESTKF-E5 (with every 5-day sea ice assimilation). Assessment with the assimilated satellite products and independent sea ice thickness datasets shows that assimilating sea ice concentration and thickness leads to improved Arctic sea ice prediction. LESTKF-1 improves sea ice forecast initially. The initial improvement gradually diminishes after ~3-week integration for sea ice extent but remains quite steady through the integration for sea ice thickness. Large biases in both the ice extent and thickness in CTL are remarkably reduced through the hindcast in LESTKF-E5. Additional numerical experiments suggest that the hindcast with sea ice thickness assimilation dramatically reduces systematic bias in the predicted ice thickness compared with sea ice concentration assimilation only or without any assimilation, which also benefits the prediction of sea ice extent and concentration due to their covariability. Hence, the corrected state of sea ice thickness would aid in the forecast procedure. Increasing the number of ensemble members or extending the integration period to generate estimates of initial model states and uncertainties seems to have small impacts on sea ice prediction relative to LESTKF-E5.
Geographies of Exclusion: The Importance of Racial Legacies in Examining State-Level Immigration Laws
Authors: Matos Yalidy
Published: July 2017

In this article, I examine the decisions of Arizona, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, Utah, Indiana, and most recently, Texas to pass restrictive immigration omnibus bills and analyze the factors associated with the decision of a state to pass its own immigration law, sometimes without explicit warrant. I focus on state omnibus legislation for two main reasons. First, this type of legislation has been the focus of much media attention. Second, omnibus legislation mimics comprehensive immigration legislation over which the federal government has sole authority. Additionally, I focus on the regional proliferation of restrictive immigration laws, and then bring my attention to the seven states that passed similar legislation. Individually, I examine the roll call votes by each state’s House of Representatives. By looking at immigration politics at a sub-national level, this article provides a more nuanced understanding of the political and ideological work of immigration policies. I argue that contemporary immigration politics at sub-national levels should not only be understood as a story about demographic changes and strictly partisan politics but also a story about the sociohistorical legacies of localities. The historical processes of race, and the differing ways in which places get racialized, influences, beyond partisanship, which representatives voted for and against restrictive immigration legislation. These differences, alongside state-level differences, I argue, continue to affect politics and policy today. Immigration policy has become a vessel through which to contest the politics of race, place, and power.
Relationships between adolescent body mass index, physical activity, and sensory-processing patterns
Authors: Delahunt Joan Ziegler , Mische Lawson Lisa A.
Published: July 2017

Background.

Trends show a significant decline with adolescent physical activity (PA). Knowledge regarding how sensory-processing patterns and body mass index (BMI) relate to adolescents’ PA participation is scarce.

Purpose.

This study investigated if relationships exist between adolescent BMI, sensory processing, and PA participation.

Method.

This correlational study collected data from 141 adolescents who completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and the Physical Activity Questionnaire–Adolescent. Their BMIs were calculated using self-reported age, height, and weight. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-tailed Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients.

Findings.

Adolescents with different sensory-processing patterns reported participation in both similar and distinct PAs. Participation in PA and BMI shared no significant correlation. Sensory sensitivity and BMI total ( rs = –.171, p = .044) and BMI percentile ( rs = –.191, p = .024) demonstrated significant correlations. Analysis revealed a correlation between sensory seeking patterns and PA ( rs = .224, p = .008) as well as correlations among sensory quadrants and participation in specific PAs.

Implications.

Occupational therapists should consider an adolescent’s sensory preferences when recommending PA interventions.
Osteochondroma of the Hyoid: First Pediatric Case and Literature Review
Authors: Raggio Blake S. , Ficenec Samuel , Flowers Thomas C. , Lawlor Claire , Rodriguez Kimsey
Published: July 2017

Osteochondromas, the most common benign bone tumors, are cartilaginous neoplasms of unknown origin with rare malignant potential. Osteochondromas rarely occur in the head and neck, and diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, radiological, and histological criteria. Excision is often curative. We describe the first reported case of hyoid osteochondroma in an adolescent male with multiple osteochondroma, discuss its surgical management, and perform a review of the salient literature. Osteochondroma represents a rare diagnosis to include in the differential of any midline neck mass.
Roots of the Radical Right: Nostalgic Deprivation in the United States and Britain
Authors: Gest Justin , Reny Tyler , Mayer Jeremy
Published: July 2017

Following trends in Europe over the past decade, support for the Radical Right has recently grown more significant in the United States and the United Kingdom. While the United Kingdom has witnessed the rise of Radical Right fringe groups, the United States’ political spectrum has been altered by the Tea Party and the election of Donald Trump. This article asks what predicts White individuals’ support for such groups. In original, representative surveys of White individuals in Great Britain and the United States, we use an innovative technique to measure subjective social, political, and economic status that captures individuals’ perceptions of increasing or decreasing deprivation over time. We then analyze the impact of these deprivation measures on support for the Radical Right among Republicans (Conservatives), Democrats (Labourites), and Independents. We show that nostalgic deprivation among White respondents drives support for the Radical Right in the United Kingdom and the United States.
Illuminating for Safety: Investigating the Role of Lighting Appraisals on the Perception of Safety in the Urban Environment
Authors: van Rijswijk Leon , Haans Antal
Published: July 2017

In two studies, we took a prospect–refuge based perspective to investigate how lighting and other physical attributes (i.e., prospect, concealment, and entrapment) affect people’s judgments of the safety of urban streets during nighttime. Both studies complement existing research, which predominantly use factorial designs, with more ecologically valid correlational research using a large and representative sample of urban streets as stimulus materials. Results from Study 1 corroborate existing research demonstrating that differences in prospect, concealment, and entrapment predicted, to a large extent, variation in the perceived safety of urban streets—thus demonstrating the utility of such environmental information for making safety judgments in real-life settings. Results from a mediation analysis conducted in Study 2 showed that the relation between appraisals of lighting quality and safety judgments was completely accounted for by co-occurring variation in appraisals of prospect and entrapment. Implications for theory and methodology are discussed.
The political and aesthetic significance of contemporary Dalit literature
Authors: Satyanarayana K.
Published: July 2017

This article attempts to offer a critique of cultural critic D. R. Nagaraj’s theoretical approach to the analysis of contemporary Dalit literature. According to Nagaraj, contemporary Dalit literature is a literature of decultured Dalits which articulates rights and entitlements in liberal polity. Rejecting claims of a separate aesthetics for Dalit literature, he locates Dalit literary contributions in the broad sphere of Indian culture and argues for a new aesthetics for Indian culture. His aim is to recover from the Indian tradition the civilizational contribution of Dalit writers, such as folk and oral cultural forms. This framework undermines the theoretical innovation and aesthetic significance of contemporary Dalit literature. Proposing Dalit literature as a form of contemporary politics in the sphere of modern Indian literary culture, Marathi Dalit critic and writer Baburao Bagul presents Dalit literature as a modern, written, and Ambedkarite tradition that reconfigured modernity, invented new modes of writing, and imagined Dalit as a generic identity, lived experience, and perspective in modern Indian literary history. Dalit literature is human and democratic, Bagul argues, as it draws on the humanist legacy of Buddha, Christ, Phule, Ambedkar, and also the Western Enlightenment. A reading of some Dalit texts, following the discussion of Bagul, illustrates the limitations of Nagaraj’s approach.
The village and the city: Dalit feminism in the autobiographies of Baby Kamble and Urmila Pawar
Authors: Sen Shoma
Published: July 2017

As a reaction against mainstream Indian feminism that tended to ignore the problems of caste, Dalit women and those who advocate their cause have been making a valid case for Dalit feminism. This standpoint acknowledges both the patriarchal oppression from outside the caste as well as within it. Both Baby Kamble and Urmila Pawar have been activists as well as writers, whose autobiographies and creative works are vivid elaborations of the same. Showing how Dalit autobiographies have broken the conventional notions of autobiography coming out of the post-industrial revolution West by locating the individual firmly within the community, Sharmila Rege has pointed out that the Dalit women’s “testimonios” are also their protest against a “communitarian control on the self” (Rege, 2008). Baby Kamble’s autobiography brings out the blatant caste exploitation and violence against women in pre-Ambedkar rural Maharashtra, while Pawar’s begins with the village but focuses more on subtler urban forms of oppression. The latter text reflects on the story of postcolonial India’s development as, even in an urban milieu, caste and gender only change forms of oppression. Both authors’ lives make interesting studies for Dalit gynocritics. Kamble seems to completely submerge the self in the community, living as she does in a feudal patriarchal milieu in the countryside. Writing from a generation later that has felt the impact of urban modernity and feminism, Pawar brings out the self in a bolder way, inviting criticism from established Dalit writers like Sharan Kumar Limbale and others. In a broader sense, both autobiographies are significant as women’s writing and as contemporary Indian literature.
Cultural and Individual Factors Determine Physical Aggression Between Married Partners: Evidence From 34 Countries
Authors: Ebbeler Christine , Grau Ina , Banse Rainer
Published: July 2017

The current study compared the incidence and magnitude of physical aggression among married partners in 34 countries and examined its association with cultural factors (Gender Inequality Index, Human Development Index, Hofstede’s dimensions individualism, and power distance), demographic variables (age, sex, income), and couple variables (equality in decision making). Countries were chosen on the basis of maximizing the variance of the cultural factors. Due to the high intercorrelations between the four cultural factors, simultaneous examination faced the problem of multicollinearity, while separate investigations would have led to redundant results. Therefore, an aggregated emancipation index was proposed, which is highest in countries with high human development, high individualism, low gender inequality, and low power distance. In each country, participants were asked to indicate the frequency of several types of aggression against their partner and the frequency of their partner’s aggressive behavior toward them. Multilevel analysis showed that aggression level was accounted for by lower age, lower income, less equality in decision making within the couple, and lower emancipation. Being female, lower income, less equality in decision making, and less emancipation were associated with sex differences in perpetrating aggression (more male than female aggression). Interaction effects showed that equality in decision making protects from aggression and predominantly male aggression especially in countries low in emancipation.
Identification of Osr2 Transcriptional Target Genes in Palate Development
Authors: Fu X. , Xu J. , Chaturvedi P. , Liu H. , Jiang R. , Lan Y.
Published: July 2017

Previous studies have identified the odd-skipped related 2 (Osr2) transcription factor as a key intrinsic regulator of palatal shelf growth and morphogenesis. However, little is known about the molecular program acting downstream of Osr2 in the regulation of palatogenesis. In this study, we isolated palatal mesenchyme cells from embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) and E13.5 Osr2RFP/+ and Osr2RFP/- mutant mouse embryos and performed whole transcriptome RNA sequencing analyses. Differential expression analysis of the RNA sequencing datasets revealed that expression of 70 genes was upregulated and expression of 61 genes was downregulated by >1.5-fold at both E12.5 and E13.5 in the Osr2RFP/- palatal mesenchyme cells, in comparison with Osr2RFP/+ littermates. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of signaling molecules and transcription factors crucial for skeletal development and osteoblast differentiation among those significantly upregulated in the Osr2 mutant palatal mesenchyme. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)and in situ hybridization assays, we validated that the Osr2-/- embryos exhibit significantly increased and expanded expression of many osteogenic pathway genes, including Bmp3, Bmp5, Bmp7, Mef2c, Sox6, and Sp7 in the developing palatal mesenchyme. Furthermore, we demonstrate that expression of Sema3a, Sema3d, and Sema3e, is ectopically activated in the developing palatal mesenchyme in Osr2-/- embryos. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation, followed by RT-PCR analysis, we demonstrate that endogenous Osr2 protein binds to the promoter regions of the Sema3a and Sema3d genes in the embryonic palatal mesenchyme. Moreover, Osr2 expression repressed the transcription from the Sema3a and Sema3d promoters in cotransfected cells. Since the Sema3 subfamily of signaling molecules plays diverse roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, these data reveal a novel role for Osr2 in regulation of palatal morphogenesis through preventing aberrant activation of Sema3 signaling. Together, these data indicate that Osr2 controls multiple molecular pathways, including BMP and Sema3 signaling, in palate development.
The Role of Noncoding Genetic Variation in Isolated Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Thieme F. , Ludwig K.U.
Published: July 2017

In the past decade, medical genetic research has generated multiple discoveries, many of which were obtained via genome-wide association studies (GWASs). A major GWAS finding is that the majority of risk variants for complex traits map to noncoding regions. This has resulted in a paradigm shift in terms of the interpretation of human genomic sequence variation, with more attention now being paid to what was previously termed “junk DNA.” Translation of genetic findings into biologically meaningful results requires 1) large-scale and cell-specific efforts to annotate non-protein–coding regions and 2) the integration of comprehensive genomic data sets. However, this represents an enormous challenge, particularly in the case of human traits that arise during embryonic development, such as orofacial clefts (OFCs). OFC is a multifactorial trait and ranks among the most common of all human congenital malformations. These 2 attributes apply in particular to its isolated forms (nonsyndromic OFC [nsOFC]). Although genetic studies (including GWASs) have yielded novel insights into the genetic architecture of nsOFC, few data are available concerning causality and affected biological pathways. Reasons for this deficiency include the complex genetic architecture at risk loci and the limited availability of functional data sets from human tissues that represent relevant embryonic sites and time points. The present review summarizes current knowledge of the role of noncoding regions in nsOFC etiology. We describe the identification of genetic risk factors for nsOFC and several of the approaches used to identify causal variants at these loci. These strategies include the use of biological and genetic information from public databases, the assessment of the full spectrum of genetic variability within 1 locus, and comprehensive in vitro and in vivo experiments. This review also highlights the role of the emerging research field “functional genomics” and its increasing contribution to our biological understanding of nsOFC.
Ingratiation Attempts in Real Life: Determinants of Their Success
Authors: Lamm Helmut
Published: July 2017

A total of 272 students at a German university were asked to write down the story of an ingratiation attempt they had made and one they had received. They were then asked to reflect on each episode via a questionnaire. All but one participant reported that they had performed at least one of the four tactics postulated in Jones’s ingratiation theory: compliments, favor-doing, opinion conformity, and positive self-presentation. In the case of received ingratiation, we found higher success ratings for nondependent (vs. dependent) partners, for just-being-friendly (vs. attraction-seeking) as the attributed motive, and for honest (vs. nonhonest) compliments and self-presentation. Female senders reported more success than did males (interpretable through existing research on gender differences). Finally, success levels were higher in the sender than in the receiver condition. Thus with our new autobiographical method we have extended the validity of three known determinants of the success of ingratiation attempts and discovered two “novel” factors deserving further research.
Laccase-catalyzed polymerization of diaminobenzenesulfonic acid for pH-responsive color-changing and conductive wool fabrics
Authors: Zhang Ting , Bai Rubing , Shen Jinsong , Wang Qiang , Wang Ping , Yuan Jiugang , Fan Xuerong
Published: July 2017

In recent years, there has been extensive interest in the research of smart fabrics and functional textiles. The present work has successfully developed the enzymatic approach for dyed wool fabrics in possession of special pH-responsive color-changing and conductive properties, via in-situ polymerization of 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid (DABSA) by laccase from Trametes versicolor. The enzymatically synthesized product, poly(2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid) (PDABSA), was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The redox property and thermal stability of the polymer products were studied by cyclic voltammetry and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results proved that the resulting polymer reached 2 KDa and showed strong pH-dependence of UV-Vis absorption, electrochemical activity and high thermal stability. Utilizing the doping/dedoping process of PDABSA, the dyed wool fabrics were endowed with a pH-dependent redox potential. Furthermore, the dyed wool fabrics exhibited reversible color change from dark purple at pH 1.8 to yellowish-brown at pH 10.0, indicating that the PDABSA showed unusual pH-dependent color-changing properties on dyed wool fabrics.
Nano titanium dioxide/PAoQ-coated polybenzoxazol fibers for enhancing anti-ultraviolet performance
Authors: Jiang Jie , Wang Shixia , Zhang Sihang , Li Qingbi , Gu Yingchun , Chen Sheng
Published: July 2017

Inspired by the composition of adhesive in mussels, polydopamine has been widely used for surface modification of various materials. In accord with the formation mechanism of polydopamine coating, the catechol containing two o-phenol groups and triethylenetetramine (TETA) containing two primary amine groups were used to copolymerize and deposit a polyamine-o-benzoquinone polymers (PAoQ) film on the polybenzoxazol (PBO) fibers. In order to enhance the anti-ultraviolet performance of PBO fibers, rutile nano titanium dioxide particles (TiO2) were also decorated on the PBO fibers by the layer-by-layer self-assembling technique. The optimum modification conditions were obtained by orthogonal method. Morphological structure and chemical composition of the modified fibers were studied using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The UV-aging test results showed that under 144 h UV-light exposure at 340 nm, the modified PBO fibers’ strength retention was promoted to 80.8%, 34.4% higher than that of the original PBO fiber. The thermal stability of the modified fibers had no obvious change after modification with TiO2/PAoQ, while their carbon residue rate increased slightly.
Proactive career self-management: exploring links among psychosocial career attributes and adaptability resources
Authors: Coetzee Melinde , Schreuder Dries
Published: July 2017

The study explored whether the positive links between individuals’ psychosocial career attributes and career adaptability resources empirically represent the characteristics associated with proactive career self-management behaviour. A cross-sectional convenience sample of Black and White ( N = 248) working adults participated in the study. The redundancy analysis of the canonical correlation analysis indicated positive links between the career attributes of behavioural adaptability, career directedness, self-esteem, self/other skills, social connectivity, and career purpose, and the four career adaptability resources of career concern, career control, career curiosity, and career confidence. The common synthetic themes that emerged from the positive associations described the characteristics of proactive career self-management behaviour, including (1) self-efficacious adaptive goal-directed behaviour, (2) proactive psychosocial career engagement behaviour, and (3) career resilience. The three dimensions offer considerations for practitioners involved in career development and counselling discussions with employees who need to develop personal agency in their career development and management.
“Fractivism” in the City
Authors: Fisk Jonathan M. , Park Yunmi , Mahafza Zachary
Published: July 2017

New extraction processes have unleashed an oil and gas renaissance. The boom has expanded employment opportunities and swelled state and local budgets. The renaissance, however, has a darker side. Environmentalists argue that it harms the environment, hastens the deterioration of infrastructure, and inconveniences citizens. While states may enjoy the majority of economic benefits, many of its costs are felt locally. For some residents, these costs are enough to fuel defiance. Two such examples are Denton, TX, and Longmont, CO. Using spatial and political data, this article assesses which factors are helpful in understanding precinct-level voter support for fracking bans.
Safety of nitric oxide added to the ECMO circuit: a pilot study in children
Authors: Chiletti Roberto , Horton Steve , Bednarz Andrzej , Bartlett Robert , Butt Warwick
Published: July 2017

We describe our experience of 30 consecutive children supported with ECMO and receiving 20 ppm of nitric oxide in the oxygenator of the ECMO circuit. Administration of nitric oxide into the ECMO circuit is safe and could potentially mitigate ischaemia reperfusion injury and end-organ dysfunction of children requiring mechanical support.
Reperfusion after ischemic stroke is associated with reduced brain edema
Authors: Irvine Hannah J , Ostwaldt Ann-Christin , Bevers Matthew B , Dixon Simone , Battey Thomas WK , Campbell Bruce CV , Davis Stephen M , Donnan Geoffrey A , Sheth Kevin N , Jahan Reza , Saver Jeffrey L , Kidwell Chelsea S , Kimberly W Taylor
Published: July 2017

Rapid revascularization is highly effective for acute stroke, but animal studies suggest that reperfusion edema may attenuate its beneficial effects. We investigated the relationship between reperfusion and edema in patients from the Echoplanar Imaging Thrombolysis Evaluation Trial (EPITHET) and Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy (MR RESCUE) cohorts. Reperfusion percentage was measured as the difference in perfusion-weighted imaging lesion volume between baseline and follow-up (day 3–5 for EPITHET; day 6–8 for MR RESCUE). Midline shift (MLS) and swelling volume were quantified on follow-up MRI. We found that reperfusion was associated with less MLS (EPITHET: Spearman ρ = −0.46; P < 0.001, and MR RESCUE: Spearman ρ = −0.49; P < 0.001) and lower swelling volume (EPITHET: Spearman ρ = −0.56; P < 0.001, and MR RESCUE: Spearman ρ = −0.27; P = 0.026). Multivariable analyses performed in EPITHET and MR RESCUE demonstrated that reperfusion independently predicted both less MLS (ß coefficient = −0.056; P = 0.025, and ß coefficient = −0.38; P = 0.028, respectively) and lower swelling volumes (ß coefficient = −4.7; P = 0.007, and ß coefficient = −10.7; P = 0.009, respectively), after adjusting for age, sex, NIHSS, admission glucose and follow-up lesion size. Taken together, our data suggest that even modest improvement in perfusion is associated with less brain edema in EPITHET and MR RESCUE.
Psychological assessment of children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Pan Liya , Li Xiaxi , Feng Yi , Hong Li
Published: July 2017

Objective

This study aimed to analyse the psychological conditions and behaviour of a group of Chinese children and adolescents with obesity, and to develop an intervention for these young patients.

Methods

A group of 72 patients aged from 4 to 15 years were recruited from an obesity clinic. Patients, or the parents of children younger than 12 years, filled out a series of self-report questionnaires, and the responses were recorded and analysed.

Results

The 72 children and adolescents with obesity had a mean age of 9.14 ± 2.18 years. The body mass index-z scores of children with obesity showed a significant positive correlation with the level of impulsive behaviour, motivational impulses, and cognitive instability (inattention). Children with obesity quickly responded with extreme emotions, and these responses were positively correlated with the degree of obesity (slight, intermediate, or severe obesity).

Conclusion

Children and adolescents being treated for obesity have many underlying psychological problems, including emotional instability and impulsivity, and are prone to extreme emotional-psychological problems. These difficulties are positively correlated with the degree of obesity. Therefore, clinical treatment of these problems requires not only use of medication, improved nutrition, and healthy exercise, but also addressing underlying psychologic problems.
Effect-site concentration of remifentanil required to blunt haemodynamic responses during tracheal intubation: A randomized comparison between single- and double-lumen tubes
Authors: Kim Tae Kyong , Hong Deok Man , Lee Seo Hee , Paik Hyesun , Min Se Hee , Seo Jeong-Hwa , Jung Chul-Woo , Bahk Jae-Hyon
Published: July 2017

Objective

To investigate the effect-site concentration of remifentanil required to blunt haemodynamic responses during tracheal intubation with a single-lumen tube (SLT) or a double-lumen tube (DLT).

Methods

Patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation were randomly allocated to either the SLT or DLT group. All patients received a target-controlled infusion of propofol and a predetermined concentration of remifentanil. Haemodynamic parameters during intubation were recorded. The effect-site concentration of remifentanil was determined using a delayed up-and-down sequential allocation method.

Results

A total of 92 patients were enrolled in the study. The effective effect-site concentrations of remifentanil required to blunt haemodynamic responses in 50% of patients (EC50) estimated by isotonic regression with bootstrapping was higher in the DLT than the SLT group (8.5 ng/ml [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.0–9.5 ng/ml] versus 6.5 ng/ml [95% CI 5.6–6.7 ng/ml], respectively). Similarly, the effective effect-site concentrations of remifentanil in 95% of patients in the DLT group was higher than the SLT group (9.9 ng/ml [95% CI 9.8–10.0 ng/ml] versus 7.0 ng/ml [95% CI 6.9–7.0 ng/ml], respectively).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that a DLT requires a 30% higher EC50 of remifentanil than does an SLT to blunt haemodynamic responses during tracheal intubation when combined with a target-controlled infusion of propofol.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01542099.
Experimental Infection of Cattle With a Novel Prion Derived From Atypical H-Type Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Authors: Okada Hiroyuki , Masujin Kentaro , Miyazawa Kohtaro , Iwamaru Yoshifumi , Imamura Morikazu , Matsuura Yuichi , Arai Shozo , Fukuda Shigeo , Murayama Yuichi , Yokoyama Takashi
Published: July 2017

H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy (H-BSE) is an atypical form of BSE in cattle. During passaging of H-BSE in transgenic bovinized (TgBoPrP) mice, a novel phenotype of BSE, termed BSE-SW emerged and was characterized by a short incubation time and host weight loss. To investigate the biological and biochemical properties of the BSE-SW prion, a transmission study was conducted in cattle, which were inoculated intracerebrally with brain homogenate from BSE-SW–infected TgBoPrP mice. The disease incubation period was approximately 15 months. The animals showed characteristic neurological signs of dullness, and severe spongiform changes and a widespread, uniform distribution of disease-associated prion protein (PrPSc) were observed throughout the brain of infected cattle. Immunohistochemical PrPSc staining of the brain revealed the presence of intraglial accumulations and plaque-like deposits. No remarkable differences were identified in vacuolar lesion scores, topographical distribution patterns, and staining types of PrPSc in the brains of BSE-SW– vs H-BSE–infected cattle. PrPSc deposition was detected in the ganglia, vagus nerve, spinal nerve, cauda equina, adrenal medulla, and ocular muscle. Western blot analysis revealed that the specific biochemical properties of the BSE-SW prion, with an additional 10- to 12-kDa fragment, were well maintained after transmission. These findings indicated that the BSE-SW prion has biochemical properties distinct from those of H-BSE in cattle, although clinical and pathologic features of BSW-SW in cattle are indistinguishable from those of H-BSE. The results suggest that the 2 infectious agents, BSE-SW and H-BSE, are closely related strains.
Revisiting an early classic on gopher bioturbation and geomorphology
Authors: Anzah Faisal , Butler David R
Published: July 2017

Joseph Grinnell’s 1923 paper on the burrowing effects of pocket gophers is a classic in the literature of zoogeomorphology and ecology. It established the significance of gophers as agents of bioturbation, and provided quantitative data on the amount of sediment moved annually by them. Its citation in other classic bioturbation papers, and the citation of those papers to the present day, indicates its continuing significance as a classic paper in the field.
Postoperative Recurrence of Instability Due to New Anterior Glenoid Rim Fractures After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair
Authors: Nakagawa Shigeto , Hirose Takehito , Tachibana Yuta , Iuchi Ryo , Mae Tatsuo
Published: July 2017

Background:

Computed tomography (CT) sometimes reveals a new fracture of the anterior glenoid rim in patients with postoperative recurrence of instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchors, but there have been few previous reports about such fractures.

Hypothesis:

The placement of a large number of suture anchors during arthroscopic Bankart repair might be associated with a new glenoid rim fracture.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Screw-in metal suture anchors were used until June 2011 and suture-based soft anchors from July 2011. A follow-up of at least 2 years was conducted for 128 shoulders treated using metal anchors (metal anchor group) and 129 shoulders treated using soft anchors (soft anchor group). The frequency and features of new glenoid rim fractures were investigated, and the influence of the number of suture anchors and other factors on fractures was also assessed.

Results:

There were 19 shoulders (14.8%) with postoperative recurrence in the metal anchor group and 23 shoulders (17.8%) in the soft anchor group. Among 37 shoulders evaluated by CT at recurrence, a new glenoid rim fracture was detected in 13 shoulders (35.1%; 5 shoulders in the metal anchor group and 8 shoulders in the soft anchor group). A fracture at the anchor insertion site was recognized in 4 shoulders from the metal anchor group and 6 shoulders from the soft anchor group, although linear fractures connecting several anchor holes were only seen in the soft anchor group. While new glenoid fractures occurred regardless of the number of suture anchors used, new fractures were significantly more frequent in teenagers at surgery and in junior high school or high school athletes. Such fractures did not only occur in contact athletes but were also found in overhead athletes.

Conclusion:

Postoperative recurrence of instability associated with a new glenoid rim fracture along the suture anchor insertion site was frequent after arthroscopic Bankart repair. These fractures might be related to placing multiple soft suture anchors in a linear arrangement.
The Development of Capitalist Agriculture in China
Authors: Xu Zhun
Published: July 2017

Scholars have different views on the nature and pace of capitalist transformation of the Chinese agriculture. In this paper, we have, for the first time, estimated the approximate size of agricultural proletariat in China as well as the prevalence of wage labor in agricultural work. We argue that by comparing with typical capitalist agricultures in the world, China’s agriculture is increasingly capitalist rather than petty producer/populist.
Familicide in Italy: An Exploratory Study of Cases Involving Male Perpetrators (1992-2015)
Authors: Tosini Domenico
Published: July 2017

This article adds to the literature on familicide by providing specific insights from the Italian experience. It presents results of an exploratory investigation into male-perpetrated familicides in Italy between 1992 and 2015. Familicide is defined as the killing of the spouse or intimate partner, and at least one child, at the hand of the other spouse/partner. Incidents of familicide were collated from newspaper reports. We identified 90 cases, resulting in 207 deaths. On average, perpetrators were middle aged ( M = 46.8; age ranging from 25 to 76), and most ( n = 66; 73%) committed, or attempted to commit, suicide. While significant contributory roles were played by health problems and financial worries, the origin of the primary emotional upset for the killers tended to be interpersonal conflicts involving their partners. For those cases with available information ( n = 56; 62%), six types of familicide were also identified on the basis of the murderer’s homicidal motivations. Most frequent were three circumstances. Fifteen cases concerned the “doubly-protective familicide” (which corresponds to the “suicide-by-proxy”), characterized by the preservation of the family in the face of a presumed catastrophic event. Triggers included the killer’s financial distress, health troubles, or anxiety associated with other personal problems. Thirteen cases referred to “doubly-punitive familicide,” whose distinctive feature, in addition to punishing the partner because of her estrangement, her infidelity, or other disputes, is to directly involve the child(ren) in the punitive homicidal act. The children are viewed as contributory factors to the killer’s stress, or are considered to be in league with the mother. Twelve cases exemplified “indirectly-punitive familicide” (also termed “murder-by-proxy”), in which the victimized child(ren) are killed as an extension of the partner. Overall, this typology provides a more nuanced conceptualization of familicide occurrences than those examined in previous research.
Do Trust and Sexual Intimacy Mediate Attachment’s Pathway Toward Sexual Violence Occurring in Same Sex Romantic Relationships?
Authors: Gabbay Nicolas , Lafontaine Marie-France
Published: July 2017

This study tested a serial mediation model examining how dyadic trust and sexual intimacy mediate the relationship between insecure romantic attachment and perpetrated sexual violence occurring between same sex intimate partners (sexual SSIPV). A community sample of adults ( N = 310; 203 women, 107 men) involved in a committed (6 months or longer) same sex romantic relationship completed an encrypted online questionnaire package which included psychometric measures designed to assess the aforementioned variables. Controlling for gender effects, analyses conducted using bootstrapping procedures supported full mediation pathways for both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. That is, attachment anxiety and avoidance were both directly associated to the perpetration of sexual SSIPV, and these relationships were both fully mediated by dyadic trust and sexual intimacy, in that respective order.
Men’s Accounts of Passion Killings in the Namibian Context
Authors: Duff Simon , Nampweya Mirjam , Tree Jeremy
Published: July 2017

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global social problem, which may result in intimate partner homicide (IPH). Much of the research concerned with IPH is based in developed nations and as such this study explored men’s explanations for IPH (known locally as “passion killing”) in the Namibian context by interviewing 10 individuals who were convicted and sentenced for the murder of their female intimate partners. A semi-structured interview was conducted with the offenders and the resulting transcripts were analyzed by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Findings confirmed and extended previous research stating that the intertwined influence of cultural beliefs and attitudes, external influences, as well as lack of emotional control and problem-solving skills, influence IPH. However, the study discovered that culture-specific factors, such as witchcraft, also play a role in some IPH cases in Namibia. The findings suggest approaches to work with young men and perpetrators to reduce their rate of initially committing IPH or repeating it. Furthermore, understanding cross-cultural differences may help in developing appropriate, culturally specific, programs aimed at reducing and/or preventing IPH.
Implementing Domestic Violence Gun Confiscation Policy in Rural and Urban Communities: Assessing the Perceived Risk, Benefits, and Barriers
Authors: Lynch Kellie R. , Logan TK
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of why communities differing in culture and resources are willing and able to implement gun confiscation as part of a protective order in the absence of a uniform statewide gun law. Specifically, the perceived risk of intimate partner homicide and gun violence, effectiveness of implementing gun confiscation, and the barriers to implementing gun confiscation were assessed. Interviews were conducted with key community professionals ( N = 133) who worked in victim services and the justice system in one urban community and four rural, under-resourced communities. Analyses revealed that professionals in the rural communities viewed the risk of intimate partner homicide and gun violence as lower, and the process of implementing gun confiscation as less effective than professionals in the urban community. In addition, urban justice system professionals, in comparison with all other professionals, reported fewer barriers to enforcing the gun confiscation police and were more likely to downplay law enforcement limitations in the community. The results have implications for developing more effective regional strategies in states that lack domestic violence gun laws as a means to increase a community’s ability to enforce gun policies and initiatives.