bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electric and Magnetic Field Effects in p-Methoxy Benzylidene p′-n-Butylaniline
Authors: Rao N. V. S. , Kishore P. R. , Raj T. F. S. , Avadhanlu M. N. , Murty C. R. K.
Published: February 2015

Molecular alignment in the nematic phase of p-methoxy benzylidene p′-n-butylaniline (MBBA) in the presence of electric and magnetic fields is investigated. The relative effectiveness of electric and magentic fields on the nematic liquid crystal MBBA is discussed. In the dielectric regime it is found that the threshold fields for chevron formation are considerably different from the threshold fields for inducing changes in the dielectric constant.
Critical Splay-Bend Deformation of Nematic Films
Authors: Fischer Fred
Published: February 2015

In thin nematic films the director field n may only depend on z, the normal to the film plane. There are two stable configurations with less than all three types of deformation present, the pure twist and the pure splay-bend. For the pure twist under the additional influence of an external field normal to the twist plane the range of stability is well known already. For the pure splay-bend the critical equation is derived here under the additional influence of an external field normal to the splay-bend plane. It comes out as an eigenvalue problem which can be solved using Ritz’ method. Numerical solutions are presented for K1 = K3 .
LCAO — Interpolationsmodell für die Aufspaltung der Valenzbandkante von Germanium im Magnetfeld / LCAO Interpolation Model for the Splitting of the Valence Band of Germanium in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Müller H. G.
Published: February 2015

In a previous paper the application of the LCAO interpolation method to crystal electrons in homogeneous magnetic fields of moderate strength has been described. In the present paper this method is tested for a crystal type which is of general interest. A simple model of the valence band of Germanium is constructed and the highest energy levels are calculated. The magnetic field is assumed in [001] direction. The results can be compared with the Luttinger-Kohn results.
Fourier Transform NMR Studies of 95Mo and 97Mo
Authors: Kautt W. D. , Krüger H. , Lutz O. , Maier H. , Nolle A.
Published: February 2015

95Mo and 97Mo Fourier transform NMR studies of several alkali molybdate solutions in H2O and D2O are reported. The Larmor frequency of the molybdenum nuclides is remarkably dependent on the solute and the solvent.

In potassium molybdate the chemical shifts of 39K were observed. The ratio of the Larmor frequencies of 95Mo and 39K was measured with high accuracy in a 2.6 molal solution of K2MoO4 in H2O. From this value a nuclear magnetic moment of 95Mo and 97Mo in the molybdate ion was derived using the concentration dependencies of the Larmor frequencies of 39K and 95Mo and the ratio of the Larmor frequencies of 97Mo and 95Mo.

In solid Ag2MoO4 and metallic molybdenum the 95Mo and 97Mo NMR signals were detected; line widths and shifts are given.
Non L.T.E. Properties of Quasistationary Oxygen Plasmas
Authors: Cacciatore M. , Capitelli M.
Published: February 2015

The non L.T.E. (local thermodynamic equilibrium) properties of optically thin and thick quasistationary oxygen plasmas have been calculated for the temperature range k T = 0.5 - 1.5 eV and for the electron density interval 108 - 1016 cm-3 , by using the collisional-radiative model of Bates, Kingston and McWhirther. The results include1 the coefficients r0(i) and r1(i), which represent the contribution to the population density of the ith quantum level from the continuum and from the ground state, respectively2 the values of α and S, which are the collisional-radiative recombination and ionization coefficients, respectively. The accuracy of the present results is discussed in connection with the adopted plasma model and with the selection of the collisional cross sections for forbidden and allowed transitions. A discussion is also presented of the influence of the two low lying excited states of oxygen atoms (i.e. the states 2p4
1D, 2p4
1S) on the non L.T.E. properties of these plasmas. A satisfactory agreement is found with the calculations of Julienne et al. and with the experimental results of Jones.
Adiabatische Korrektur der Born-Oppenheimer-Näherung beim GeS und GeSe / Adiabatic Correction of the Born-Oppenheimer Approximation for GeS and GeSe
Authors: Stieda W. U. , Tiemann E. , Törring T. , Hoeft J.
Published: February 2015

The rotational spectra of GeS and GeSe were measured in the frequency range of 66 GHz to 110 GHz with high precision. The breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation was observed for the rotational constant yol. With the known molecular 37-factor and the electric dipole moment the adiabatic part of the Born-Oppenheimer correction can be extracted from the primary observa-tion on y01. The adiabatic correction is very similar in both molecules but differs from the results in the earlier measurements on PbS.
Numerical Investigation of High Temperature Expansions of the Specific Heat of the Heisenberg Model
Authors: White John J.
Published: February 2015

The ten-term high temperature expansion calculations by Baker et al. (1967) for the d = 3, S = 1/2, cubic lattice Heisenberg models have been investigated numerically. Critical values based on the ten-term series were unreliable, however graphical extrapolation yielded critical values with a consistent q dependence among the various results for the sc, fcc, bcc, FM, and AFM models. The short range order, as measured by (S∞ - Sc)/R, is greater for the AFM models than for the FM model. The estimate of 0.35 ± 0.02 for (S∞ - Sc)/R of the sc-AFM model agrees with previous experimental work on CoBr2 · 6 H2O and CoCl2 · 6 H2O. Results are presented on the slow convergence of the high temperature expansions. Extrapolation of the series is needed for ε<0.1. Higher order corrections to the T−2 term are needed for T/Tc<5. The critical values for the I(1/2) and H(1/2) models were interpolated to predict critical values for the sc and bcc XY(1/2) models.
8Li Emission in 1.8 GeV/c K– -Meson Interactions in Nuclear Emulsion
Authors: Mandal P. , Bhattacharya D. K. , Saha M. , Sen P. K. , Bhattacharya P. C. , Ghosal S. N.
Published: February 2015

Out of about 16,000 stars found by an area scan of 1.8 GeV/c K--meson interactions with emul­sion nuclei, 120 'hammer tracks' have been collected. The corrected production rate is (1.30 ± 0.12)^. The forward to backward ratio indicates isotropic emission of 8Li fragments. The emission of short recoils at the primary vertex shows a definite correlation with the 8Li fragments.
Nonlinear Oscillations in Chemical Networks as Symmetries of Transformation Groups
Authors: Busse H. G. , Havsteen B.
Published: February 2015

The description of phenomena created by nonlinear oscillators with the aid of transformation groups has been attempted. Such a treatment of the chemical model of Dreitlein and Smoes was met with success. The mathematical approach is based on an application of the canonical form theorem for one-parameter groups. Conditions for the occurence of limit cycles have been derived.
Hypersonic Velocity, Absorption and Relaxation in Molten CSNO3
Authors: Knape H. E. Gunilla , Torell Lena M.
Published: February 2015

Brillouin spectra of molten CSNO3 were investigated for scattering angles between 40 and 140° and in a temperature interval of 420-520 °C. An Ar+ singlemode laser was used for excitation and the total instrumental width was ~265 MHz. The measured frequency shifts and linewidths of the Brillouin components were used to determine velocities and attenuations of thermal sound waves in the frequency range 2.3-7.0 GHz. A dispersion of 4-5% was found between the present hyper­ sonic velocities and reported ultrasonic velocities. A considerable decrease in attenuation with frequency was observed in the investigated frequency range, with the value at high frequency ap­ proaching the classical attenuation. The results are in good agreement with Mountain's theory of a single relaxation time. The relaxation time of the bulk viscosity coefficient was calculated to 1.2×10-10
S.
Pseudo-exact Force Constants for Tetramethyls of Group IVA Metals and Molecular Force Fields for Some Tetrahedral Molecules or Ions
Authors: Dublish A. K. , Srivastava B. B. , Sharma D. K. , Verma U. P. , Pandey A. N.
Published: February 2015

Recently reported Coriolis constants of tetrahedral tetramethyls of group IVA metals from the vapour phase IR spectra have been used to determine the pseudo-exact force constants with the aid of the point mass model. The symmetrized force constants for tetramethyls of group IVA and some tetrahedral molecules and ions have also been computed following thhe L-F approximation method. The results are compared with exact or pseudo-exact force constants and with those force constants obtained from different approximation methods. The validity of the method has been tested.
Untersuchung von Level-Crossing-Signalen an schnellen He-Atomen in inhomogenen Magnetfeldern / Investigation of Level-crossing Signals on High-velocity He-atoms in Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields
Authors: Oppen G. v. , Perschmann W.-D.
Published: February 2015

In level-crossing experiments on high-velocity atoms, the shape of the observed signals depends sensitively on inhomogeneities of the applied magnetic field. With regard to the interpretation of such signals, we investigated the magnetic-field dependence of He I-fluorescence light excited by He-ion-He-atom collisions. Due to the inhomogeneity of the applied magnetic field, the observed level-crossing signals have a distorted shape with an oscillating structure in the wings. Taking into account the motion of the excited atoms, the shape of the signals will be explained.
Delayed Emission from Green Algae “Chlorella pyrenoidosa” at Various Temperatures
Authors: Drissler F. , Hägele W. , Schmid D. , Wolf H. C.
Published: February 2015

Comparative studies of prompt and delayed emission from whole cells of Chlorella pyrenoidosa are presented for various temperatures between 4.2 and 300 K. Prompt emission was excited with continuous light (wavelengths between 420 and 670 nm). Light pulses (duration 6.9 msec) have been used to excite delayed emission. Their wavelength had to be shorter than 600 nm for investigations at 77 K.

A linear dependence of the delayed emission intensity on the excitation intensity at low temperatures (4.2 and 77 K) favours a one-quantum-mechanism to be responsible for delayed light production.

The response of the total intensities on temperature shows a similar behaviour for both types of emission up to 200 K. Above 200 K they behave quite differently.
A Covariant Semi-Classical Theory of the Radiating Electron
Authors: Sorg M.
Published: February 2015

A new semi-classical equation of motion is suggested for the radiating electron. The characteristic length of the new theory is the Compton wavelength λc(= ħ/2 m c) instead of the classical electron radius

which is used in all purely classical theories of the radiating electron. However, the lowest order approximation of the radiation reaction contains only the classical radius rc.
The Photoelectron Spectra of Cyclopropyl Ketones
Authors: Al-Khafaji Jabria A. , Shanshal Muthana
Published: February 2015

The photoelectron spectra of 1-and 2-methyl-cyclopropyl ketones are reported. It is found that the shifts in the MO energies of ⊿ext.as. and ⊿ext.s. MO's of the three membered ring are parallel to the predictions based on the perturba­tion of the Walsh orbitals and on the MINDO/2 calculations.
Oxygen Isotope Effects in 55Mn and 95Mo NMR Spectra of the Permanganate and Molybdate Ion
Authors: Buckler K. U. , Haase A. R. , Lutz O. , Müller M. , Nolle A.
Published: February 2015

By Fourier transform NMR spectroscopy the 55Mn and 95Mo resonance lines in the different permanganate and molybdate species Mn16O4-n
18On
- and Mo16O4-n
18On
2- {n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) have been resolved in aqueous solutions of potassium permanganate and sodium molybdate. An isotopic effect on the Larmor frequency for 55Mn of (0.59 ± 0.02) ppm and for 95Mo of (0.25 ±0.01) ppm to lower frequency has been found for the substitution of one 160 atom by one 180 atom. The relaxation rates 1/T1 of 55Mn in the different lines of the permanganate solution are equal within the limits of error. The oxygen exchange rate for the water-permanganate system has been evaluated
Elektronenanregungsenergieiibergang zwischen ungleichartigen Molekiilen in Losung / Electronic Excitation Energy Transition among unlike Molecules in Solution
Authors: Kamiński J. , Kawski A.
Published: February 2015

In studying the radiationless energy transfer between unlike molecules (heterotransfer) in fluid and rigid solutions the fluctuations of the concentration of the acceptor molecules, as well as the dependence of the probability of resonance excitation energy transfer on the mutual orientation of the transition moments of the interacting donor and acceptor molecules have been taken into account. With these and the assumptions of the shell model of a luminescent centre (A. Kawski and J. Kaminski, Z. Naturforsch. 29 a, 452 [1974]) one obtains the Förster expression for the quantum yield of the donor fluorescence quenched by foreign absorbing substances
Improved Rotational Constants and Dipole Moment and a Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling Analysis of 2-Cyanothiophene and Dipole Moment of 2-Cyanofurane
Authors: Wiese J. , Engelbrecht L. , Dreizler H.
Published: February 2015

Results of a microwave investigation of the molecules 2-Cyanothiophene and 2-Cyanofurane are reported. The microwave spectrum of 2-Cyanothiophene was examined in the frequency range of 13 -40 GHz mainly to get a more accurate rotational constant A from the assignment of μb-btransitions. From the resolved hyperfine structure due to nuclear quadrupole coupling of the 14N-nucleus the quadrupole coupling constant X+=Xbb + Xcc was determined for 2-Cyanothiophene. No information for X- was available from the measured transitions.

From Stark effect studies the dipole moments were determined for both molecules. The nuclear quadrupole coupling as a perturbation of the second order Stark effect was included in the Stark effect analysis
Determination of Ionic Mobilities of Uranium in n-Propanol at 25 °C
Authors: Marx G. , Nitsche H.
Published: February 2015

In the n-propanol UO2(NO3)2·2 H2O-System the limiting ionic conductance of (½ UO2
2+) was found to be 15,94 cm2 Ω-1 mol-1 at 25 °C, its association constant being 5,2·109 ι2·mol-2
Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide: A Critical Review
Authors: Hahn Jürgen , Junge Christian
Published: February 2015

Observations, data and assessments concerning atmospheric N2O are reviewed, in order to present the current state of knowledge on this subject. Background information from microbiology, soil science, and oceanography is provided to facilitate understanding of the complicated processes in soil and water which are responsible for the release of N2O to the atmosphere. The problem of increasing use of industrial fertilizers and combustion of fossil fuels is discussed in so far as atmospheric N2O is concerned
Finite Size of the Electron and Runaway Solutions
Authors: Petzold J. , Heudorfer W. , Sorg M.
Published: February 2015

The problem of runaway solutions is studied within the framework of a non-local equation of motion for the classically radiating electron. It is found that the force-free electron oscillates down to a constant velocity under emission of radiation, if certain restrictions on the initial conditions are imposed. Causality violation is not present in this model, but penetrates into the theory as consequence of a false perturbation expansion leading to the notorious Lorentz-Dirac equation of motion.
Finite Perturbation Studies of Magnetic Susceptibility and Shielding with GIAO
Authors: Žaucer Matjaž , Pumpernik Danilo , Hladnik Milan , Ažman Andrej
Published: February 2015

The magnetic susceptibility tensor and proton and fluorine magnetic shielding tensors are cal­ culated for F2 and (FHF)- using an ab initio finite perturbation method with gauge-invariant atomic orbitals (GIAO). The discussion of the basis set deficiency shows that the calculated values for the susceptibilities are reliable. Simple additivity (Pascal rule) for the susceptibility is con­ firmed.
Analogie zwischen elastischem und plastischem Potential anisotroper Stoffe / Analogy between the Elastic and Plastic Potential of Anisotropic Materials
Authors: Betten Josef
Published: February 2015

The elastic strain energy of distortion and its complementary energy of incompressible materials can be represented formally by linear combinations of partial plastic potentials of the forms Fρ = (1/ρ)Dijkl...qr σ′ij′σkl ... σqr. Likewise, it is possible to describe the elastic strain energy of deformation and its complementary energy of compressible materials formally by plastic potentials of the forms Fρ = (1/ρ)Dijkl...qr σijσkl ... σqr. In a linear theory, for example, we have F2= ½Dijkl σ′ij σ′kl for incompressible materials and F2 =½Dijkl σ′ij σ′kl for compressible materials.

It is necessary to notice, that only a formal analogy exsists between the elastic and plastic po­tential, because the physical interpretation of these potentials is quite different.
Ab-initio Crystal Orbital Treatment of a Disordered System
Authors: Kertesz M. , Koller J. , Zakrajšek E. , Ažman A.
Published: February 2015

A crystal orbital treatment of a substitutional disordered linear chain of Li atoms is described. The dependence of the energy bands and charge distributions on the number of substituents is discussed.
Evidence of Tilt of the Methyl Top Axis in the r,-structure of Dimethyl Selenide
Authors: Pandey G. K. , Dreizler H.
Published: February 2015

The complete rs-structure of dimethyl selenide has been determined by using suitably chosen changes in principal moments of inertia of a number of isotopic species. The tilt of the methyl top axis with respect to the C -Se bond, as determined by the analysis of the internal rotation fine structure of the rotational transitions is also evidenced in the rs-structure. The center of mass condition has been used.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Solid α-Nitrogen
Authors: Romano S.
Published: February 2015

The present paper reports on Molecular Dynamics simulation of solid a-Nitrogen, using an atom-atom Lennard-Jones potential together with a point-quadrupolar interaction. Calculations were car­ ried out at five temperatures up to 45 K; the addition of the quadrupolar term appears to improve the agreement with experiment, although this still remains rather unsatisfactory.
Thermodynamic Excess Functions for the Liquid System W ater + Acetic Acid from Calorimetric Data
Authors: Haase R. , Pehlke M.
Published: February 2015

For the liquid system water + acetic acid, we give the results of new calorimetric measurements regarding the molar excess enthalpy H̅E for 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C, 55 °C, and 70 °C, covering nearly the entire range of com­ positions. The experimental data show that H̅E is positive for all compositions and temperatures except in the region of low acid concentrations at temperatures below 55 °C where the process of mixing the pure liquid components is exothermic (H̅E<0). Using values of the molar excess Gibbs function G̅E (always positive) derived from earlier data on vapour-liquid equilibria, we compute the molar ex­cess entropy S̅E which is always negative. The “symmetryrule” concerning the composition dependence of G̅E (as compared to that of H̅E and S̅E) has again been confirmed. The composition dependence of S̅E is similar to that of the molar excess volume.
Open-ended Plastic Capillary Method for Diffusion Experiments with β-active Tracers
Authors: Passiniemi P. , Liukkonen S. , Rastas J.
Published: February 2015

An open-ended capillary method, where the capillary is drilled directly into a plastic scintillator, is described. The method is tested with 38Cl in 0.1 M and 0.5 M NaCl solutions.
Low Frequency Dispersion of a Molecular Crystal
Authors: Hinopoulos B. , Sakellaridis P. U.
Published: February 2015

The dielectric behaviour of solid 1,4-Butandiol has been studied. A region of low frequency dispersion has been ob­ served. In a crystalline sample treated to have more lattice faults, the losses were increased. The effect is attributed to a dielectric relaxation process existing in connection with the lattice defects.
I Investigation of Particle Velocities in a ‘Critical Velocity’ Rotating Plasma
Authors: Himmel G. , Möbius E. , Piel A.
Published: February 2015

The velocities of helium ions and neutrals are derived from Doppler shifted spectral lines He II 4686 Å and He I 5876 Å respectively. The ion velocity proves to be in accordance with the speed of rotating spokes which are usually observed in the build-up phase of rotating plasmas. It is demonstrated that the spoke velocity represents the plasma mass motion. Braking of plasma motion and acceleration of the neutrals to a value near Alfvén's critical velocity occurs within 10 μs.
Photodetachment bei einigen negativen Molekülionen: P2
–, As2
-, CH2
-, CH3
-, S3
- / Photodetachment of Some Molecular Negative Ions: P2
-, As2
-, CH2
-, CH3
-, S3
-
Authors: Feldmann D. , Rackwitz R. , Kaiser H. J. , Heinicke E.
Published: February 2015

The cross sections have been measured between 0.5 eV and 3 eV photon energy.
Dielectric Dispersion Studies of Some Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonded Molecules at Microwave Frequencies
Authors: Purohit H. D. , Kumar S. , Vyas A. D.
Published: February 2015

The permittivity and dielectric loss of acetyl acetone, benzoyl acetone and dibenzoyl methane have been measured at four microwave frequencies viz., 30.20, 24.50, 18.26, and 9.83 GHz and also at 1 MHz and optical frequency at 35 °C. The permittivity and dielectric loss at different frequen­ cies have been plotted against concentration (wt. fraction). The slopes of these straight lines have been used for the complex plane plots (a″ vs. a′). The complex plane plots for these compounds are Cole-Cole arcs. The dielectric relaxation time (τ0) and distribution parameter (α) have been calculated from these plots. Data have been analysed in terms of two relaxation processes i. e., cor­ responding to overall rotation and group rotation. The dipole moments of these molecules are reported.
On the Thermal Behaviour of Long-Chain Lithium and Sodium n.Alkanoates
Authors: Ferloni P. , Zangen M. , Franzosini P.
Published: February 2015

The phase relationships in Li and Na n.alkanoates from octanoate to dodecanoate were investigated by means of DSC analysis. Clearing (when present), fusion, and solid state transition (when possible) temperatures and enthalpies were measured. The collected results are discussed in comparison with literature data, mostly obtained by different techniques.
Untersuchungen von aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen sowie von N- und S-Heteroanalogen mit Hilfe der Elektronen- anlagerungsmassenspektrometrie / Investigations into Aromatic Hydrocarbons and N and S Heterocompounds thereof by Means of Electron Attachment Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Albers G. , Knof H.
Published: February 2015

Investigations into Aromatic Hydrocarbons and N and S Heterocompounds thereof by Means of Electron Attachment Mass Spectrometry Aromatic compounds as well as their nitrogen and sulphur heterocompounds with molecular weight M>100 are investigated using negative ions from electron attachment mass spectrometry. Mass spectra of aromatic compounds produce molecular peaks as basepeaks predominantly. In general, the type of the basepeak of heterocompounds and its detection sensitivity depends more on the chemical structure of the compound than on the type of the heteroatom. The relative detection sensitivity of the molecular peak in dependence of an amount of sample is a linear function on a log-log scale. Addition of argon extends this linear dependence towards larger sample amounts. For quantitative analysis, however, the measurements must be performed at a fixed ion source pressure.
Differential Equations and Boundary Conditions for Higher Gas Kinetic Moments. Heat Transfer Between Parallel Plates
Authors: Vestner H. , Waldmann L.
Published: February 2015

Transport-relaxation equations for seventeen moments are derived from the linearized Boltzmann equation for a monatomic gas. Besides the well-known thirteen moments (i. e. density n, tempera­ture T, velocity ν, heat flux q, friction pressure tensor

), one additional scalar A and one ad­ditional vector A are taken into account. In steady state, differential equations for T, v. A and constitutive laws for q,

, A follow from the transport-relaxation equations. Boundary conditions for T, v, A are obtained by the thermodynamical method from the interfacial entropy production. The role of the higher moments A and A for heat transfer in a gas between parallel plates is dis­cussed. The heat flux has the correct low pressure limit. Due to the presence of A and A, expo­nential terms occur in the temperature profile near the boundary.
The One-dimensional Coulomb-force Problem in Classical Radiation Reaction Theories
Authors: Heudorfer W. , Sorg M.
Published: February 2015

Numerical solutions of the recently proposed equations of motion for the classically radiating electron are obtained for the case where the particle moves in a one-dimensional Coulomb potential (both attractive and repulsive). The solutions are discussed and found to be meaningful also in that case, where the well-known Lorentz-Dirac equation fails (attractive Coulomb force). Discrete, stationary states are found in a non-singular version of the Coulomb potential. During the transition between those stationary states the particle looses energy by emission of radiation, which results in a smaller amplitude of the stationary oscillations.
The Ionization and Expansion of a Globule of Interstellar Gas overun by a Weak R Type Ionization Front
Authors: Berry J. S.
Published: February 2015

The flow of the ionized gas behind a contracting ionization front is investigated for spherical symmetry. A similarity solution is given when the initial density distribution in the neutral hydrogen is ω0/rα- where r is the distance from the centre of contraction.
Wave Vector Dependent Light Scattering Intensities by Polar Modes in GaAs
Authors: Nippus M. , Claus R.
Published: February 2015

Light scattering intensities by the polaritons of F2-type in GaAs have been experimentally studied. The spectra were excited by an YAG: Nd3+ laser in the infrared. When using the scattering intensities derived from the polar TO- and LO-phonons as input data for calculations, the k-dependent intensities in the polariton region could be verified within less than a few percent. The intensity variation for larger wave vectors was more precisely to be determined and verified than the frequency shifts.
Magnetic Susceptibility and Structure of Some Transition Metal (II) Complexes with 1,2,4-Triazole
Authors: Engelfriet D. W. , Haasnoot J. G. , Groeneveld W. L.
Published: February 2015

The magnetic susceptibilities of some transition metal (II) complexes with 1,2,4-triazole (trz) have been measured in the range 2-300 K. Ni (trz)2 (NO3)2 (H2O) 8/3, Ni (trz)2 SO4 (H2O)5 and α-Ni (trz)2 (NCS)2 are found to be linear antiferromagnetic trimers. For β- Ni (trz)2 (NCS)2 and similar compounds with Mn (II), Fe (II), Co (II) and Cu(II), totally different magnetic properties were observed, suggesting the presence of two-dimensional networks of metal ions bridged by 1,2,4-triazole molecules. For Co (trz) 2 (NCS) 2 this was confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction.
Specific Heat of the Ferroelectric AgNa(NO2)2
Authors: Helwig J. , Petersson J. , Schneider E.
Published: February 2015

The specific heat of a AgNa(NO2)2 single crystal was measured between -90 and +55 °C. The entropy of the ferroelectric transition was found to be 9.9 J/mol·K and the critical exponent of the specific heat in the ferroelectric region is α'= 0.50 ±0.02.
Einfluß von Oberflächenfallen auf das Abklingverhalten der verzögerten Fluoreszenz des reinen Anthracens
Authors: Schmillen A. , Wolff H.
Published: February 2015

The excitation in a thin surface layer of a pure anthracene crystal (λex = 366 nm) leads to a decay which is in desagreement with the theory of delayed fluorescence. We interpret this decay as a manifold exponential decay due to traps on the crystal surface.
Electrodynamics of Moving Media
Authors: Horibata Yasuyoshi
Published: February 2015

On the basis of the Minkowski formulation, the total energy-momentum tensor of a system consisting of matter and electromagnetic fields is derived from the macroscopic theory. The analysis of this tensor shows that the electromagnetic fields supply the matter with momentum and energy. Consequently, the electromagnetic part and the material part overlap each other in the total energy-momentum tensor. Hence it is impossible to divide the total energy-momentum tensor into an electromagnetic tensor and a material tensor.

In a closed system, in general, only the total energy-momentum tensor has physical significance and can be defined.

Further, the generalized force which acts on the matter is obtained and interpreted clearly.
Quantenchemische und spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Porphyrinen V. Das Xanthoporphinogen / Quantum Chemical and Spectroscopical Studies on Porphyrins V. The Xanthoporphinogen
Authors: Knop J. Y. , Knop A. , Stichtenoth H.
Published: February 2015

In order to interprete the electronic spectrum of xanthoporphinogene CNDO/S-calculations were carried out under consideration of 1360 single excited configurations.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Heterocycles. Dipyridylethylenes
Authors: Novak I. , Klasinc L. , Knop J. V.
Published: February 2015

The photoelectron (PE) spectra of 1,2-di-(2-pyridyl)-ethylene 1, 1-(2-pyridyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)- ethylene 2, 1-(2-pyridyl) -2- (4-pyridyl) -ethylene 3 and 1,2-di-(4-pyridyl)-ethylene 4 all in their trans conformation have been measured using He I radiation. For 1 - 4 standard SCF LCAO MO calculations were performed changing the angle of twist ϑ of the pyridine rings around their bonds to ethylene conrotatively from 0° to 60°. Comparison of PE spectra and these calculations allowed the assignment of all π-ionizations and indirectly also the nitrogen lone pair ionizations in 1 - 4 but not a determination of their conformation in the gas phase. There is only indication that ϑ in these molecules is rather small (ϑ<30°).
Molten Salt Ionic Mobilities in Terms of Group Velocity Correlation Functions
Authors: Klemm A.
Published: February 2015

The internal mobilities of additive binary molten salt systems are given in terms of correlation functions of mean ionic velocities. For isotopic systems the expressions obtained are expanded in terms of the relative difference of the masses of the two cationic or anionic species involved.
Nuclear Magnetic Shielding and Quadrupole Coupling of 133Cs in Cesium Salt Powders
Authors: Haase A. R. , Kerber M. A. , Kessler D. , Kronenbitter J. , Krüger H. , Lutz O. , Müller M. , Nolle A.
Published: February 2015

NMR signals of 133Cs have been measured in CsI, CsBr, CsCl, Cs2CO3, Cs2SO4, CsNO3 and Cs2CrO4 powders relative to a 0.5 molal aqueous solution of CsCl. Combining these results with the shielding constant of the solution, which has been determined in former measurements, the nuclear magnetic shielding of 133Cs in the crystalline powders can be given in an atomic reference scale. The theoretical values of the shielding constant of 133Cs in CsCl, CsBr and Csl agree only in the order of magnitude with the experimental ones. For 133Cs in Cs2SO4 a first-order quadrupole pattern has been observed.
The Electric Conductivity of the Molten Salt Systems HgI2-BiI3 and BiI3-CdI2
Authors: Mentus S. V. , Šušić M. V.
Published: February 2015

The specific electric conductivity of the molten solt systems HgI2-BiI3 and BiI3-CdI2 was studied in the temperature range 660 -840 K. BiI3 exhibits a negative temperature coefficient of the conductivity within part of this temperature range and HgI2 within the entire range. The specific conductivity of the HgI2-BiI3 system shows negative deviations from additivity for the HgI2-rich mixtures and positive ones for the BiI3-rich mixtures. In the BiI3-CdI2 system positive deviations are encountered throughout the whole composition and temperature range investigated. An in­ crease in temperature improves the additivity in both systems.
Räumliches und zeitliches Auflösungsvermögen kohärenter und inkohärenter Lichtquellen / Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Coherent and Incoherent Light Sources
Authors: Häusler E. , Warken D.
Published: February 2015

Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Coherent and Incoherent Light Sources The spatial resolution of optical methods using lasers is much higher than those using thermal light sources. The temporal resolution of optical methods with lasers for the measurement of the time dependence of physical parameters (velocity of moving targets, elasto-optical measurements of mechanical quantities, e. g. stress, acoustic pressure) is limited by their strong noise, exceeding the noise of thermal light sources by orders of magnitudes.

It is shown that in applications with little requirements on the spatial resolution and temporal coherence the SNR will be greater if thermal light sources are used.
Hydrogen Bond Studies. 125. A Deuteron Magnetic Resonance Study of Strontium Formate Dihydrate, Sr(HCOO)2 · 2D2O
Authors: Berglund Bo , Tegenfeldt Jörgen
Published: February 2015

A room temperature (25 °C) deuteron magnetic resonance (DMR) study of a single crystal of Sr (HCOO)2 · 2 D2O is reported. Signals from all water molecules in the unit cell have been detected, and all four independent electric field gradient (EFG) tensors at the water deuterons have been determined from 409 quadrupole splittings. All spectra were recorded by rotating the crystal about one arbitrarily selected axis. The following quadrupole coupling constants and asymmetry parameters for the deuterons were obtained: 213.5(4), 189.3(4), 195.7(4) and 200.7(5) kHz and 0.117(3), 0.110(4), 0.116(4) and 0.098(3). The directions of the eigenvalues are qualitatively consistent with the crystal structure refined by Galigné 1; the result is in disagreement, however, with the earlier DMR study of Sr (DCOO)2 · 2 D2O (Reference 2).
Gleichgewichtsdiskussion zweier Photoredox-Systeme / Chemical Equilibria of two Photoredox Systems (Photoredox Systems), Thionin Type and Iodine Type)
Authors: Calzaferri Gion , Grüniger Hans-Rudolf
Published: February 2015

One of the main features in which reversible photoredox systems differ from each other is their stoichiometry. It is interesting to compare thionin type and iodine type reactions, which are two principally different systems: Absorption of one photon causes in the former transfer of one elec­tron, while in the latter two electrons are exchanged. The dependence of the normalized concentrations versus the reduction degree differs completely in the two systems. Our comparison shows how valuable information is obtained by a careful inspection of the equilibrium situation.
EHM Investigation of Hydrogen Adsorption on Model Nickel Substrates
Authors: Lazarov D. L. , Drakova D. R.
Published: February 2015

This paper comprises the results of an Extended Hiickel investigation of dissociative hydrogen adsorption on optimized models of the three low-index crystal faces of nickel. The frontier MO's approach proves suitable for adsorption studies of this type. Two adsorption forms for hydrogen atoms are established - on top of substrate atoms and in the holes of the substrate. Dissociative non-activated adsorption of hydrogen atoms on top of substrate atoms is found to be energetically most favourable. A correlation between the theoretical and ß1 and ß2 experimental adsorption forms is established. The heat of adsorption diminishes in the order of diminishing density of the crystal face Q(111) > Q(100) > Q(110). There exist experimental data corroborating this result
An ESR Investigation of the Vanadium Pentoxide-Water System Illuminated in the Solar Spectrum Range
Authors: Dyrek K. , Schumacher R. , Schindler R. N.
Published: February 2015

Photoreduction of vanadium (V) ions in aqueous solution is followed by ESR observation of the VO2+
aq ions formed. In addition shortlived surface centers are detected at room temperature in illuminated V2O5-samples being suspended in water. These centers are tentatively related to the active species in the photoassisted electrolysis of water
Electron Diffraction Intensities from Slightly Bent Multilayer Paraffinic Crystals
Authors: Dorset Douglas L.
Published: February 2015

Electron diffraction intensities from slightly bent orthorhombic paraffinic crystals are evaluated in light of the expected modulation to the Patterson function as derived by Cowley [Acta Crystallogr. 14, 920 (1961)]. Dependence of this effect on reciprocal distance is clearly shown. Low angle intensities are best correlated to diffraction from the whole unit cell, which is a bilayer of mutually displaced monolayers, whereas high angle reflections appear to originate from a monolayer alone. This effect represents a uniform crystal bend of only 1.0°
On the Thermal Behaviour of Li, Na, K and Rb n.C5—n.C7 Alkanoates
Authors: Sanesi M. , Ferloni P. , Franzosini P.
Published: February 2015

DSC analysis allowed to state (between 110 K and the isotropic melt region) the main phase relationships in Li, Na, K and Rb n.pentanoates, n.hexanoates and n.heptanoates. Clearing (when occurring), fusion and solid state transition (when possible) temperatures, and heat effects were measured. The present data are discussed in comparison with those previously collected on higher (up to n.dodecanoates) and lower homologues
Electron Diffraction Study of the Toluene Molecular Geometry
Authors: Seip Ragnhild , Schultz Gy. , Hargittai I. , Szabó Z. G.
Published: February 2015

On the basis of an electron diffraction analysis, the following structural information was obtained on vapour phase toluene molecules: rg(C

C)mean 1.399 ± 0.002 Å, rg(C-C) 1.511 ± 0.008 Å, the mean length of the C-H bonds is 1.117 ± 0.005 Å (rg). The methyl C-H bonds are at least 0.020 Å longer than the phenyl C-H bonds which are not longer than those in benzene
Doppler Broadened Spectral Functions and Time Correlation Functions for a Gas in Non-Equilibrium
Authors: Hess S. , Mörtel A.
Published: February 2015

Under non-equilibrium conditions, the velocity distribution function of a gas differs from the Maxwellian equilibrium distribution. The effect of this deviation from equilibrium on the time correlation function and the spectral function associated with a Doppler broadened spectral line is calculated in full generality for stationary non-equilibrium processes. As special cases the heat conduction and the viscous flow in the hydrodynamic regime are discussed.
On the Temperature Dependence of the Solubility of some Long-chain Alkali n.Alkanoates
Authors: Spinolo G. , Zangen M.
Published: February 2015

Solubility measurements allowed to put into evidence a marked Krafft-effect in the ethanolic solutions of the Na and K soaps from n.octanoate to n.dodecanoate. The co-ordinates of the Krafft-points exhibited a pronounced alternating char­acter when odd and even homologues were employed as the solutes. The behaviour of a number of alkali soaps in dif­ ferent solvents is also briefly discussed.
Positron Annihilation Study of the Semiconductor to Metal Transition in Ti2O3
Authors: Tao S. J. , Rao C. N. R.
Published: February 2015

An increase of positron mean life is found to accompany the semiconductor-metal transition in Ti2O3. This agrees well with the recent finding that the unit cell volume in­ creases during the transition.
Treatment of Diffusionprofiles with the Method of Nets
Authors: Helfmeier H.
Published: February 2015

Diffusion measurements on the copper-nickel-system were made with two kinds of geometries. Thin Cu-films were evaporated on Ni-single crystals and single crystals of Ni and Cu were brought into contact as semi-infinite solids. Different methods of evaluating the concentration dependent diffusion coefficient were used and the results discussed.

Specimens with copper layers of a thickness of up to 10% of the penetration depth can be evaluated with the thin film solution. The accuracy is satisfactory as well with respect to the diffusion coefficient at the nickel boundary as to the layer thickness. Beyond 10% the erf-solution for the thick layer yields good values for the diffusion coefficient but not for the layer thickness. The method of nets, using the difference equation, is a powerful tool to treat nearly any initial condition and any concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient.
Dynamische Messungen an einem N2-Laser / Dynamical Measurements on an N2-Laser
Authors: Miyashiro S. , Grönig H.
Published: February 2015

Using optical fibers and photodiodes, the local, spontaneous emissions along an N2-laser channel have been for the first time measured with a sampling technique. From the relations among the laser power, the gas pressure, the voltage on the storage capacitor and the discharge time difference along the laser channel, the dynamical behaviour of an N2-laser was studied and the effectiveness of the travelling wave excitation of high power gas lasers has been experimentally confirmed as the result.
Oxygen Isotope Fractionation and the Structure of Aqueous Alkali Halide Solutions
Authors: Bopp P. , Heinzinger K. , Klemm A.
Published: February 2015

The oxygen isotope effects between H2O and D2O solutions of various alkali-halides and the respective pure solvents have been measured by means of the CO2 equilibration technique. In general, the effects for H2O are smaller than those for D2O. With "hydration numbers" estimated from the angular distributions of the water dipoles around the ions obtained from MD-simulations and with the plausible assumption that in highly concentrated LiCl solutions the effect is purely cationic, the measured effects are separated into effects between the hydration shells of the individual ionic species (Li, Na, K, Cs, CI, Br, I) and bulk water. The cationic effects thus obtained are compared with the corresponding effects between free water-cation-pairs and bulk water calculated on the basis of the energy surfaces published by Kistenmacher et al. It is found that, in general, the trends coincide but the former effects are smaller than the latter ones.
Rotationally Ordered Distribution of Ions in a Melt Simulated by Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Steffen B. , Hosemann R. , Heinzinger K. , Schäfer L.
Published: February 2015

A mean threedimensional density distribution is determined by comparing the surroundings of all atoms of a melt. Contrary to the definition of the pair distribution function, the surroundings of the different atoms are allowed to rotate against each other before being added up.

The rotationally ordered distribution (ROD) function is the sum of the surroundings of all atoms rotated against each other until they give maximum overlap. An investigation of molecular dynamics results for molten KCl gives 6 nearest neighbourpeaks in a distorted cubic primitive arrangement.

If the K+ or Cl--ions are considered separately, the surrounding gives 12 nearest neighbourpeaks in a thoroughly distorted face centered cubic arrangement, These results confirm the interpretation of the structure of the melt as a para crystal line distorted lattice and the results of an earlier threedimensional analysis of the structure of molten lead.
Cationic Self-Diffusion in Molten (Tl-Na)NO3 and (Tl-Rb)NO3 Systems
Authors: Zuca S. , Constantinescu M.
Published: February 2015

The cationic self-diffusion coefficients in molten (Tl-Na)NO3 and (Tl -Rb)NO3 systems were investigated as a function of temperature and concentration. The obtained data were examined from the viewpoint of polarization and ionic size effects.
Large Amplitude Hamiltonian of a Triatomic Molecule
Authors: Wallace R. , Rao Ch. V. S. Ramachandra
Published: February 2015

An expression for the Hamiltonian H(ρ1, ρ2, ρ3) of a vibrating-rotating triatomic molecule is derived using three curvilinear coordinates gi, Q 3 in such a way that the Hamiltonian obtained is applicable to any bent triatomic molecule and allows for large displacements in all the three modes of motion. A variational technique is then used to calculate the low lying vibrational energy levels (υ1, υ2, υ3) of the H2O molecule in its X̃1A1 ground state. The kinetic energy of the Hamiltonian T(ρ1, ρ2, ρ3) takes into account the large amplitude character of the three modes together with their interaction. But in order to minimize the formidable amount of computation, a simple quadratic potential F(ρ1, ρ2, ρ3) is assumed for all the three modes which only serves to illustrate the method of calculation.
Dielektrische Absorption von Alkoholen und Phenolen in verdünnter Lösung bei Mikro- und Sub-mm-Wellen / Dielectric Absorption of Microwaves and Submillimeterwaves by Alcohols and Phenols in Dilute Solution
Authors: Beitrán A. Camacho , Klages G.
Published: February 2015

Dielectric Absorption of Microwaves and Submillimeterwaves by Alcohols and Phenols in Dilute Solution Dielectric lossers of benzylaleohol, cyclohexanol, n-decanol, and diphenylcarbinol and also of phenol, p-cresol, 2,4,6-trimethylphenoI and diphenylether have been measured over the 1 to 300 GHz frequency band using aliphatic and aromatic solvents. In cyclohexane solutions, measurements have also been made at two frequencies in the sub-mm-wave range. From an analysis of the absorption curves a distribution of relaxation times is obtained in a first approximation. Comparing the results from 3 alcohols and 3 phenols, differences are found between the relaxation time of the hydroxyl group and the live time of hydrogen bonds to aromatic solvent molecules. More than one relaxation time is found in diphenylether and its absorption curve in cyclohexane has a slope steeper than a Debye curve in the sub-mm-wave region, which is discussed as inertial effect.
Untersuchungen über langandauernde Lumineszenzen an Aromaten im festen Zustand / Investigations on Long-Lived Luminescence of Aromatics in the Solid State
Authors: Haller W. , Perkampus H.-H.
Published: February 2015

A phosphoroscope with a single chopper blade is described. With this experimental set-up the spectra of phosphorescence, of the prompt and delayed fluorescence as well as the decay times of the long-lived luminescence can be measured.

The decay times and the triplet-triplet annihilation constants of Anthracene-h10, -d10 and 1,2,5,6-Dibenzanthracene in solid state are measured and discussed. Additionally the spectra of phosphorescence, prompt and delayed fluorescence of 1,2,5,6-Dibenzanthracene are presented.
T Trennung von Rubidium und Strontium aus Kalisalzen an Ionenaustauscherharz / Separation of Rubidium and Strontium from Potash Salts by Ion Exchange
Authors: Oesterle F.-P.
Published: February 2015

Using the Rb-Sr method for age determinations, Rb as well as Sr have to be separated from the sample solutions in order to receive adequate mass spectrometric recordings.

Minerals of potash salts normally have very high potassium contents and low Rb/K and Sr/Ca ratios. Standard ion exchange procedures used in Rb-Sr chronometry cannot provide sufficient re­ solution of the eluated elements.

By experiments with ion exchange columns procedures were found to separate Rb and Sr from minerals with unusually high potassium or calcium concentrations.
The ESR Studies of Solubilised Nitroxide Spin Probes in Cetyltriniethylammonium Bromide Micclles
Authors: Okabayashi Hirofumi , Ivihara Koji , Okuyama Masataka
Published: February 2015

The rotational correlation times of two long-chain nitro­ xide spin probes (5-PASL and 1-LASL) were measured in the vicinity of the second critical micelle concentration of cetyltriniethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solutions. The radical part of 5-PASL is situated at the δ-carbon and that of 1-LASL in the polar head.

In the 5-PASL-solubilized CTAB solutions a transition of the correlation time due to a sphere-rod transition seems to occur, while in the 1-LASL-solubilized CTAB solutions no such transition occurs. This reveals that the hydrophobic part around the δ-carbon of the probe becomes more rigid as a result of the micellar shape-variation while the hydrophilic part of 1-LASL is not so much restricted by the shape variation.