bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal reciprocity between theory of mind and aggression in middle childhood
Authors: Holl Anna Katharina , Kirsch Fabian , Rohlf Helena , Krahé Barbara , Elsner Birgit
Published: September 2017

Theory of mind is one of the most important cognitive factors in social information-processing, and deficits in theory of mind have been linked to aggressive behavior in childhood. The present longitudinal study investigated reciprocal links between theory of mind and two forms of aggression – physical and relational – in middle childhood with three data waves over 3 years. Theory of mind was assessed by participants’ responses to cartoons, and physical and relational aggression were assessed through teacher reports in a community sample of 1657 children (mean age at Time 1: 8 years). Structural equation modeling analyses showed that theory of mind was a negative predictor of subsequent physical and relational aggression, both from Time 1 to Time 2 as well as from Time 2 to Time 3. Moreover, relational aggression was a negative predictor of theory of mind from Time 1 to Time 2. There were no significant gender or age differences in the tested pathways. The results suggest that reciprocal and negative longitudinal relations exist between children’s theory of mind and aggressive behavior. Our study extends current knowledge about the development of such relations across middle childhood.
Street Culture and Gun Violence: Exploring the Reputation–Victimization Paradox
Authors: Dierenfeldt Rick , Thomas Shaun A. , Brown Timothy C. , Walker Jeffery T.
Published: September 2017

Anderson’s thesis of a code of the street has been broadly applied to the study of violence, but race- and gender-specific multilevel analyses of gun violence are scant within the literature. An unresolved debate also surrounds the link between violent victimization and adherence to street culture; underscored by an apparent reputation–victimization paradox among those who engage in street behaviors. The current study contributes to the literature by assessing the direct influence of incident setting and victim–offender familiarity on the likelihood of gun use by Black males in the course of aggravated assaults; and the degree to which the confluence of these factors is conditioned by levels of disadvantage and violence in the community. To accomplish this, we apply hierarchical generalized linear modeling to incident-level data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System in conjunction with contextual-level data from the counties in which the incidents are nested. Our findings suggest victim–offender familiarity and public settings are negatively associated with gun violence and the confluence of these factors further reduces the probability of gun use. This relationship, however, is conditioned by levels of disadvantage and violence in the community, providing preliminary evidence of both the violence increasing and decreasing effects of street culture hypothesized by Anderson.
Messing about, political indulgence, or making progress?
Authors: Hill Ron
Published: September 2017

The article, as an opinion piece, considers the experience of Government policy change with reference to the further education sector in England. An Institute for Government report, ‘All change: Why Britain is so prone to policy reinvention, and what can be done about it’ focused on further education as one of its case examples. Those of us who have worked in some capacity in further education for many years will have almost taken for granted the expectation of regular policy changes. The Institute of Government report makes clear how much change there has been. The article considers the possible consequences for the governing of colleges from policy change on the scale experienced by the further education sector. There is no intention in the article to argue for stopping important and necessary improvements for learners and learning in the further education sector in England. However, the case is made for reviewing the nature of intent and the processes of change.
Managerial Strategies to Influence Frontline Worker Understanding of Performance Measures in Nonprofit Child Welfare Agencies
Authors: Perez Jolles Monica , Collins-Camargo Crystal , McBeath Bowen , Bunger Alicia C. , Chuang Emmeline
Published: September 2017

In response to demands of funders and interorganizational competition, nonprofit human service organizations have invested in performance measurement to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of internal operations. Literature suggests that frontline workers’ involvement in performance measurement is critical in supporting organizational efforts to improve performance. Yet, we lack information on how nonprofit managers convey performance standards to frontline workers and promote their engagement in performance measurement. This study draws on data from the 2011 National Survey of Private Child and Family Serving Agencies to identify strategies nonprofit managers used to engage frontline workers in performance measurement. Findings indicate that less than half of managers reported that their workers had a strong or very strong understanding of the agency’s performance measures. Managerial communication and board involvement in performance measurement were associated with greater worker understanding of performance measures. These managerial approaches may be key factors in frontline understanding of performance measures.
The Effects of Therapist Contracting on For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Medical Billing Behavior
Authors: Bowblis John R. , Brunt Christopher S.
Published: September 2017

Within the United States, a growing debate about special tax treatment and community benefits provided by not-for-profits (NFPs) has been occurring. While the nondistribution constraint of NFPs is often thought to incentivize higher quality and more charitable care, NFPs may also be used by contractors for personal gain. This study explores whether the use of external contractors by NFP health care providers alter behavior. Using a sample of patients receiving rehabilitative care for hip fractures in skilled nursing facilities, and exploiting variation in ownership and contracting status, this study finds contracting in NFPs results in increased prevalence of profit-maximizing behaviors more commonly associated with FPs. Furthermore, contracting results in more revenue focused care delivery patterns.
Experimental investigation of graphene nanoplatelets–based minimum quantity lubrication in grinding Inconel 718
Authors: Pavan R Bhanu , Venu Gopal A , Amrita M , Goriparthi Bhanu K
Published: September 2017

The main objective of this work is to assess the performance of graphene nanoplatelets–based cutting fluid in minimum quantity lubrication grinding of Inconel 718. Nanocutting fluids with varying concentrations and different specific surface areas of graphene nanoplatelets were developed, and basic properties like viscosity and thermal conductivity were evaluated at different temperatures. The role of graphene nanoplatelets concentration and specific surface area is investigated by comparing force generated during grinding, surface roughness, grinding temperature, grinding coefficient and specific grinding energy. The experimental results show that graphene nanoplatelets significantly lower the grinding force, temperature, specific grinding energy and roughness of the finished surface. Nanocutting fluid with 0.3 wt% graphene nanoplatelets and 750 mm2/g was found effectively improved the surface quality of the Inconel 718 compared to dry grinding and minimum quantity lubrication grinding with soluble oil.
The selfie as a global discourse
Authors: Veum Aslaug , Undrum Linda Victoria Moland
Published: September 2017

This article presents a critical multimodal discourse analysis of how people make meaning through the semiotic practice of shooting digital self-portraits (selfies), adding captions and then sharing these texts on the social network site Instagram. Combining theories from social semiotics, critical discourse analysis and multimodal discourse analysis, the analysis focuses on the embedded ideological meaning in such digital communication. The analysis explores a data corpus of 100 selfies shared on Instagram. Despite the fact that digital texts shared on social media are generally regarded as personal communication, selfie makers seem to reproduce features of a commercial and global discourse. The typical way of representing oneself on Instagram appears to be surprisingly similar to visual representations in advertisements and image banks. The linguistic resources in use also appear globalized through a mix of languages combined with slang and abbreviations.
Reconceptualizing regional security in South Asia: A critical security approach
Authors: Barthwal-Datta Monika , Basu Soumita
Published: September 2017

South Asia has garnered much attention in international security scholarship and policymaking, not least due to the number of protracted armed conflicts in the region. Yet, the dominant discourse on regional security in South Asia fails to adequately capture the insecurities that undermine the everyday lives and livelihoods of a majority of South Asians. The article first interrogates this prevalent discourse to reveal the inadequacies of traditional state-centric regional security analysis in South Asia. Drawing on critical approaches to security, including concepts that have been developed in the region, it then offers a reconceptualization of regional security. A brief case study discussion on food insecurity is employed to develop, and demonstrate the relevance of, such an approach to identifying and addressing contemporary security imperatives in South Asia. In doing so, the article presents a critical approach to regional security that is deeply rooted in South Asian experiences.
Initial and After-market Performance of SME IPOs in India
Authors: Dhamija Sanjay , Arora Ravinder Kumar
Published: September 2017

This article examines the initial and after-market performance of the initial public offerings (IPOs) listed on the recently launched platform for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), Mumbai and the National Stock Exchange (NSE). The study does find evidence of underpricing of IPOs by SMEs in line with other studies internationally. However, the level of underpricing is found to be lower than that of IPOs listed on the main board stock exchanges in India, reported by earlier studies. This may be partially due to the fact that the SME platform is at an infancy stage and has failed to attract investors’ fancy. This is reflected in a low level of oversubscription of SME IPOs at 1.35 times on average. The multivariate analysis identifies the type of offer, size of issue, promoter holding, extent of oversubscription, lead manager prestige and the stock exchange of listing as the key determinants of underpricing of SME IPOs. Post listing, these IPOs have significantly out-performed the benchmark index. The finding is inconsistent with the results of other studies on the main board exchanges where the IPOs, in general, are found to underperform the markets over a significant period of time post listing. This may partly be attributed to thin trading in these stocks and, therefore, to their lower level of liquidity. The findings have significant implications for stock-market regulators, issuers and investors.
Rational–Irrational Investor Sentiments and Emerging Stock Market Returns: A Comparison from Turkey
Authors: Bayram Sidika Gulfem
Published: September 2017

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between rational and irrational consumer-business sentiments and stock returns in an emerging stock market, Turkey. Consumer and business sentiments are divided into two components: rational and irrational sentiments. Then, the dynamic interactions and the impact of the sentiments on stock returns are examined. The fundamental economic variables used in the study consist of business conditions, economic risk premium, country risk, exchange rate risk, country growth rate, inflation rate, and terms of trade. The results show that Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE)-100 index returns are positively and significantly affected by the rational sentiments of both consumers and businesses.

JEL Classification: G02, G12, G150
Gender Equality and State Executions Within and Across 100 Countries From 1997 to 2010
Authors: Schmuhl Margaret , Sung Hung-En , Na Chongmin
Published: September 2017

The achievement of gender equality requires strong support from the state and changes, in turn, the behavior of the state in both domestic and international arenas. Research suggests that an increased representation of women in government provides more ethical governance as well as greater state pacifism in international conflicts. While research has shown that women are more likely than men to oppose death penalty, no study has examined the influence of women’s representation in government on executions carried out by the state. Using a modified negative binomial random-effects model, this study examines gender equality as a predictor of executions and fills the growing need for longitudinal analysis of executions by using data from 100 countries over 14 years. The results indicate that increases in women’s representation in parliament are negatively associated with executions over time and are conditioned by the level of democracy between countries.
Recruiting Practices for Change Initiatives Is Hard: Findings From EvidenceNOW
Authors: Sweeney Shannon M. , Hall Jennifer D. , Ono Sarah S. , Gordon Leah , Cameron David , Hemler Jennifer , Solberg Leif I. , Crabtree Benjamin F. , Cohen Deborah J.
Published: September 2017

Engaging primary care practices in initiatives designed to enhance quality, reduce costs, and promote safety is challenging as practices are already participating in numerous projects and mandated programs designed to improve care delivery and quality. Recruiters must expand their recruitment tools to engage today’s practices in quality improvement. Using grant proposals, online diaries, observational site visits, and interviews with key stakeholders, the authors identify successful practice recruitment strategies in the EvidenceNOW initiative, which aimed to recruit approximately 1500 small- to medium-sized primary care practices. Recruiters learned they needed to articulate how participation in EvidenceNOW aligned with other initiatives and could help practices succeed with federal and state initiatives, recognition programs, and existing or future payment requirements. Recruiters, initiative leaders, and funders must now consider how their efforts align with ongoing initiatives to successfully recruit and engage practices, ease practice burden, and encourage participation in efforts that support practice transformation.
Second-Look Arthroscopic Evaluation and Clinical Outcome After Supramalleolar Osteotomy for Medial Compartment Ankle Osteoarthritis
Authors: Jung Hong-Geun , Lee Dong-Oh , Lee Sang-Hun , Eom Joon-Sang
Published: September 2017

Background:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of medial compartment ankle osteoarthritis after supramalleolar osteotomy (SMO) without the bone marrow stimulation procedure and confirm cartilage recovery by second-look arthroscopy.

Methods:

Twenty-two ankles that were followed for more than 1 year after SMO were retrospectively reviewed. Visual analog scale pain scores and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scores were used for functional evaluations. The tibial anterior surface angle and tibial lateral surface angle were measured on radiographs, and ankle osteoarthritis was classified by Takakura stage. Among the 22 patients, 21 underwent ankle arthroscopy prior to SMO, and second-look arthroscopy was performed in 16 patients 1 year postoperatively. Tibiotalar cartilage regeneration was evaluated according to the modified Outerbridge classification for the 14 patients who had undergone SMO without the bone marrow stimulation procedure.

Results:

The mean visual analog scale and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scores significantly improved from 6.5 preoperatively to 1.1 postoperatively and from 60.7 preoperatively to 87.1 postoperatively, respectively ( P < .05). The mean tibial anterior surface and tibial lateral surface angles significantly improved from 83.5° and 76.9° preoperatively to 93.8° and 80.2° postoperatively, respectively ( P < .05). All preoperative Takakura stage IIIa cases and IIIb case improved to postoperative stage II. On second-look arthroscopy, cartilage regeneration of the medial compartment of the tibiotalar joint was observed in 12 of 14 patients (85%), whereas cartilage deterioration was not observed in any patient.

Conclusions:

SMO without the bone marrow stimulation procedure for medial ankle osteoarthritis demonstrated cartilage regeneration in the medial tibiotalar joint in most patients by second-look arthroscopy, as well as satisfactory clinical and radiologic outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Defining “Community” in Community Health Evaluation
Authors: Franz Berkeley A. , Skinner Daniel , Murphy John W.
Published: September 2017

This article examines the theoretical basis of the community as it is evoked in health evaluation. In particular, we examine how hospitals carrying out Community Health Needs Assessments (CHNAs) define communities as well as the implications for these definitions for how to study and engage community problems. We present qualitative findings from a sample of Appalachian nonprofit hospitals, who we asked to describe their approach to defining the community in their most recent Internal Revenue Service–mandated CHNA. Drawing upon a theoretical debate in the history of evaluation research, the authors argue that the contemporary community cannot be circumscribed merely by geographic boundaries, nor can it be identified easily with a bounded group of clearly demarcated individuals. Instead, following the tenets of community-based health research, the authors argue for a richer, more dynamic conceptualization of the community in evaluation research in which definitions arise from community bodies themselves.
Economic Insecurity and Separation–individuation in Portuguese Emerging Adults
Authors: Saraiva Luísa Marinho , Brandão Tânia , Matos Paula Mena
Published: September 2017

Scholars have widely agreed that the transition to adulthood has become destandardized and more extended in time. Although this prolonged transition to adulthood is common in late-modern societies, it is not universal, and the pathways towards adulthood may vary according to contextual factors and personal resources. This study examined the association between perceived economic insecurity and the process of separation–individuation regarding the romantic partner, and explored the mediating role of personal resources (self-esteem, depression). Participants were 387 Portuguese emerging adults (mean age = 22.32 years; SD = 3.47) involved in a romantic relationship, from different economic and cultural backgrounds. Findings revealed that self-esteem and depressive symptoms totally mediated the relationship between economic insecurity and separation–individuation, with higher levels of self-esteem and lower levels of depression being associated with a more successful process of separation–individuation. This study contributes to shed some light on the interaction between developmental processes and social context variables in the transition to adulthood.
‘I Am Doing a Double Thing. It Is For Me and It Is For Her’
Authors: Selimos Erwin Dimitri
Published: September 2017

This article draws on 30 interviews conducted with newcomer immigrant and refugee youth in Canada to explore how they make sense of their migration and the consequences these meanings have on how they imagine their future selves. The article is based on the understanding that a key task of any immigrant is to negotiate the experiences of continuity and change indicative of the migration experience—a task that takes on unique contours for young immigrants who are simultaneously negotiating their transitions to adulthood. Analysis of the migration narratives of newcomer youth demonstrates that in making sense of their migration, young migrants draw on the general situation of their country of descent, their experiences of emigration and poignant intergenerational links to construct meaning of their lives in their new country of residence. These meanings orient their social actions and animate their life projects in their new host society.
Educational tourism in agriculture and identity of farm successors
Authors: Ohe Yasuo
Published: September 2017

Although farm visiting is gaining popularity as a type of experience-oriented tourism, the economic viability of this emerging service has not been fully established. To make it viable, it is not enough to approach educational tourism solely from a technical viewpoint, we also need to approach it from the aspect of the operator’s identity, a factor that has not been addressed fully in the arena of either rural tourism or tourism economics. Thus, by presenting a conceptual economic framework that explains the connection between a farmer’s identity and the level of diversified activity including tourism, this article has evaluated, based on a questionnaire survey of next-generation successors working on-farm at Educational Dairy Farms in Japan, the hypothesis that those farmers who have enlarged their identity will be able to successfully develop diversified activities. The results clarify factors that lead to enlarged identity, including formation of both a wider perspective and more extensive human networks from social learning opportunities, and female initiative within the activity. In this context, the issue of identity formation should be properly positioned in the field of innovation-oriented capability building of farm management.
The relationship between work, mental health, physical health, and fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Żołnierczyk-Zreda Dorota , Jędryka-Góral Anna , Bugajska Joanna , Bedyńska Sylwia , Brzosko Marek , Pazdur Jacek
Published: September 2017

To evaluate the relationship between work, mental health, physical health, and fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the data of 282 participants were drawn from baseline. The results of structural equation modeling showed that among rheumatoid arthritis patients, those who were engaged in occupational activity had lower levels of fatigue compared to those who did not work and that this relationship was mediated by better mental health, not by physical health.
Carers’ experiences of group therapeutic songwriting: An interpretive phenomenological analysis
Authors: Baker Felicity A , Yeates Sarah
Published: September 2017

Supporting carers of people living with dementia to live happy and healthy lives is of international importance. This study aimed to explore carers’ experiences of participating in a creative group songwriting process. Four carers (2 male and 2 female) of people living with dementia participated in four therapeutic group songwriting sessions. Facilitated by two music therapists and support staff, the participants co-created a song that reflected their carer experiences allowing positive and negative perspectives to be represented in the song. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse interviews with the four carers at the end of the programme. A cross-case analysis was performed to identify recurring themes and subthemes. Findings highlight that carers’ experience of the programme went beyond their expectations. They found the collaborative component of co-creating songs was meaningful, and subsequently, the song held meaning for the group. Carers experienced the songwriting process as empowering, having a voice that was heard by genuinely attentive listeners and that they learned about themselves, each other, and the carer journey through the process. This study provides preliminary indications that group songwriting in carer programmes is a worthwhile experience, but further research is needed to understand its impact on wellbeing.
Does the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change help moving forward in measuring change in early autism intervention studies?
Authors: Pijl Mirjam KJ , Rommelse Nanda NJ , Hendriks Monica , De Korte Manon WP , Buitelaar Jan K , Oosterling Iris J
Published: September 2017

The field of early autism research is in dire need of outcome measures that adequately reflect subtle changes in core autistic behaviors. This article compares the ability of a newly developed measure, the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC), and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) to detect changes in core symptoms of autism in 44 toddlers. The results provide encouraging evidence for the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change as a candidate outcome measure, as reflected in sufficient inter- and intra-rater reliability, independency from other child characteristics, and sensitivity to capture change. Although the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change did not evidently outperform the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule on any of these quality criteria, the instrument may be better able to capture subtle, individual changes in core autistic symptoms. The promising findings warrant further study of this new instrument.
Short Play and Communication Evaluation: Teachers’ assessment of core social communication and play skills with young children with autism
Authors: Shire Stephanie Y , Shih Wendy , Chang Ya-Chih , Kasari Connie
Published: September 2017

Children with autism spectrum disorder experience delays in the development of nonverbal social communication gestures to request and to share (joint attention) as well as play skills such that intervention is required. Although such tools exist in research settings, community stakeholders also require access to brief, simple, and reliable tools to assess students’ skills and set appropriate intervention targets. This study includes a sequence of two trials to examine implementation outcomes including adoption, fidelity, and feasibility of The Short Play and Communication Evaluation by educational professionals who work with preschoolers and toddlers with autism spectrum disorder in low-resource community classrooms. Findings demonstrate that classroom staff can deliver the Short Play and Communication Evaluation with high fidelity, collect live data, and set appropriate social communication and play skill targets for use in intervention. Furthermore, study 2 demonstrates that modifications to the study protocol resolved differences in children’s skill profile obtained from the established research measures.
Theory of mind in children with and without autism spectrum disorder: Associations with the sibling constellation
Authors: Matthews Nicole L , Goldberg Wendy A
Published: September 2017

The two prior studies that have examined associations between the sibling constellation and theory of mind in autism spectrum disorder yielded discrepant findings. Thus, efforts to better understand the sibling–theory of mind link in autism spectrum disorder are necessary. This study examined a sample of prekindergarten- and kindergarten-aged (i.e. 4–6 years) typically developing children ( n = 39) and verbal children with autism spectrum disorder ( n = 61). Sibling presence, number of siblings, and having younger and older siblings were positively associated with theory of mind in typically developing children, but not in the full sample of children with autism spectrum disorder. However, in the subgroup of children with autism spectrum disorder without sibling recurrence, the presence of at least one older sibling was positively associated with theory of mind. Findings expand previous limited research on the sibling–theory of mind link in children with autism spectrum disorder by demonstrating a potential difference in the influence of the sibling constellation between children from simplex and multiplex families.
Supporting university students with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hillier Ashleigh , Goldstein Jody , Murphy Deirdra , Trietsch Rhoda , Keeves Jacqueline , Mendes Eva , Queenan Alexa
Published: September 2017

Increasing numbers of students with autism spectrum disorder are entering higher education. Their success can be jeopardized by organizational, social/emotional, and academic challenges if appropriate supports are not in place. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a support group model for university students with autism spectrum disorder in improving psychological and functional outcomes. A curriculum guided the weekly discussions and consisted of topics such as time and stress management, managing group work, and social communication. Efficacy was assessed through pre- and post self-report measures focused on self-esteem, loneliness, anxiety, and depression. Functional changes in academic and social skills were examined through qualitative analysis of focus groups. Findings from the self-report measures indicated significant reductions in feelings of loneliness and general anxiety, and a significant increase in self-esteem at the end of the program compared to the beginning. Five prominent themes were identified in the focus-group analysis and reflected how the program had positively impacted participants’ skills and coping: executive functioning; goal setting; academics and resources; stress and anxiety; and social. Given the cost effectiveness of “in-house” interventions and the potential for improving academic outcomes and retention of students with autism spectrum disorder, further research examining similar program models is warranted.
Typical pain experience but underestimation of others’ pain: Emotion perception in self and others in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Thaler Hanna , Skewes Joshua C , Gebauer Line , Christensen Peer , Prkachin Kenneth M , Jegindø Elmholdt Else-Marie
Published: September 2017

Difficulties in emotion perception are commonly observed in autism spectrum disorder. However, it is unclear whether these difficulties can be attributed to a general problem of relating to emotional states, or whether they specifically concern the perception of others’ expressions. This study addressed this question in the context of pain, a sensory and emotional state with strong social relevance. We investigated pain evaluation in self and others in 16 male individuals with autism spectrum disorder and 16 age- and gender-matched individuals without autism spectrum disorder. Both groups had at least average intelligence and comparable levels of alexithymia and pain catastrophizing. We assessed pain reactivity by administering suprathreshold electrical pain stimulation at four intensity levels. Pain evaluation in others was investigated using dynamic facial expressions of shoulder patients experiencing pain at the same four intensity levels. Participants with autism spectrum disorder evaluated their own pain as being more intense than the pain of others, showing an underestimation bias for others’ pain at all intensity levels. Conversely, in the control group, self- and other evaluations of pain intensity were comparable and positively associated. Results indicate that emotion perception difficulties in autism spectrum disorder concern the evaluation of others’ emotional expressions, with no evidence for atypical experience of own emotional states.
Factors associated with sustained community employment among adults with autism and co-occurring intellectual disability
Authors: Chan Wai , Smith Leann E , Hong Jinkuk , Greenberg Jan S , Lounds Taylor Julie , Mailick Marsha R
Published: September 2017

Sustaining community employment is a challenge for adults with autism spectrum disorders, especially for those who have co-occurring intellectual disability, but factors contributing to this employment outcome have not been fully evaluated. This study utilized longitudinal data to explore the impact of contextual influences, family factors, and individual characteristics on sustained employment over approximately 18 months ( N = 105). Very few adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability achieved sustained employment (14.3%). The results indicated that more independent daily living skills, a higher family income, a larger maternal social network, an inclusive school environment in early childhood, and currently living in an area with a larger population size were associated with significantly greater odds of sustaining employment. Follow-up analyses suggested that managing personal care is particularly important for employment.
Associations of quality of life with health-related characteristics among children with autism
Authors: Kuhlthau Karen A , McDonnell Erin , Coury Dan L , Payakachat Nalin , Macklin Eric
Published: September 2017

We examine whether behavioral, mental health, and physical health characteristics of children with autism are associated with baseline and change in health-related quality of life. We measured health-related quality of life with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 total scores from children enrolled in the Autism Treatment Network. We used linear mixed model regressions with random slopes. Predictors of lower health-related quality of life at baseline included demographic and insurance characteristics, diagnosis, higher Child Behavior Checklist internalizing and externalizing scores, sleep problems by Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, seizures, gastrointestinal problems, and mental health problems. Several characteristics had different associations over time. This study demonstrates that in addition to behavioral and autism-related characteristics, physical and mental health conditions are associated with health-related quality of life in children with autism.
Dynamic response of monolithic and sandwich structures subjected to impulsive and impact loadings
Authors: Xiang Xinmei , Lu Guoxing , Li Zhongxian , Ruan Dong
Published: September 2017

Monolithic and sandwich structures have been widely used as energy absorption structures in military and civil engineering. This article reviews theoretical analyses of monolithic beams and plates subjected to static loading, impulsive loading and impact by a mass systematically. Experimental data collected from the literatures are compared with these theoretical results. In addition, the critical impulses for the failure of the monolithic structures are also reviewed. Furthermore, sandwich structures under quasi-static, low-velocity impact, high-velocity impact and blast loading, as well as their failure modes, are also summarized. The research methodology involves experimental investigations, theoretical analyses and numerical simulations.
Neoliberal Urban Transformations in Indian Cities: Paradoxes and Predicaments
Authors: Chattopadhyay Soumyadip
Published: September 2017

This article attempts to understand state practices of restructuring of urban space and modes of governance, the role and strategies of the different actors involved and their participatory implications related to neoliberal urban transformation in Indian cities. Intergovernmental competition and inter-party conflict have constrained India’s attempts towards ‘state rescaling’, marked by incomplete devolution of authority and resources to the cities. In contrast to decentralization, a new networked form of local governance restructures and shifts the authority and resources from the municipality to the private sector, civil society groups or other agencies or branches within governments. These forms have institutionalized highly insulated and discretionary processes of decision-making to serve interest and priorities of upper-and middle-class population. Powers of the municipal officials and elected representatives have been weakened. Such political discursive processes and practices have rendered urban poor and their interests invisible within transformative cities. All these necessitate grounded deeper evaluations of such policies that are celebrated as technically sound and efficient or promote ‘good governance’.
Strengths and Struggles
Authors: Havlik Stacey , Pulliam Nicole , Malott Krista , Steen Sam
Published: September 2017

Through use of an interpretive phenomenological inquiry, this study examined the lived experiences of first-generation college students persisting at a mid-sized, private, predominantly White institution. Themes that emerged across participants included a sense of “otherness” according to students’ race, ethnicity, and first-generation and socioeconomic statuses. Motivations and strengths that enabled students to persist in school, despite facing multiple obstacles, are described. Implications for students and helping professionals are included.
Practitioners’ Views on IPV and Its Solutions: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Labarre Michel , Brodeur Normand , Roy Valérie , Bousquet Marc-Antoine
Published: September 2017

There are ongoing debates in the scientific community and in practice settings about how intimate partner violence (IPV) should be defined and understood and about how various interventions must be carried out. If these debates are to bear fruit, however, we must first gain a comprehensive understanding of each stakeholder’s viewpoints on IPV and its solutions. This article seeks to contribute to this goal by summarizing empirical studies investigating how practitioners who work with IPV perpetrators understand the problem and its solutions. Based on an integrative review of the literature, it focuses on how practitioners define IPV and its causes, how they perceive the perpetrators and victims, and on the solutions they put forward in order to work against this social problem. The limitations of our current knowledge are outlined as well as the implications of this review for IPV debates.
Perceptions of Using Sit-to-Stand Desks in a Middle School Classroom
Authors: Erwin Heather , Beighle Aaron , Routen Ash , Montemayor Ben
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of sit-to-stand desks in a middle school classroom. Participants used sit-to-stand desks during health class. Momentary time sampling was used for physical activity and behavioral observations. Results indicate students sat 37%, stood 59%, and walked 4% of the time. Misbehaviors occurred 4% of the observed period. The following themes emerged: focus, freedom, distractions, and design. Sit-to-stand desks appear to encourage standing during instruction while simultaneously limiting misbehaviors. Students indicated some distractions but were generally positive toward desk implementation and suggested they supported learning behaviors. The teacher echoed most of the student themes.
Behind the Shower Curtain: Seven Poems on Aging and Body Cleaning
Authors: Karaca Şalgamcıoğlu Berrak , Er Özlem
Published: September 2017

Bathroom is one of the first places that older adults face with challenge and fear. Difficulty or dependence in body-cleaning affect older adults’ daily lives dramatically. Despite the consequences associated with disability in body-cleaning, little is known about older adults’ experiences on it. One reason for this lack of knowledge may be that body-cleaning is a private activity and a difficult task to explore. This article will present seven poems that are results of a research study where older women were asked to narrate of their own body-cleaning experience to a tape recorder while they were performing the task.
Comparing Interactivity on Twitter by Political Reporters at TV Networks, Online-Only News Websites, and Newspapers
Authors: Parmelee John H. , Roman Nataliya , Beasley Berrin , Perkins Stephynie C.
Published: September 2017

Although the public regularly attempts to interact with reporters on Twitter, it is not clear to what extent reporters at various types of news outlets engage with citizens, politicians, and other users on the microblog. To find out, a content analysis was conducted on 4,500 tweets during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign from political reporters at TV networks/cable news, online-only news websites, and large newspapers. Findings indicate significant differences in Twitter interactivity by news outlet type, with TV political reporters most likely to interact with politicians and online-only political reporters most likely to interact with citizens. However, interactivity was generally low except with fellow journalists, which supports the normalization hypothesis.
Rate of Change of Premeal Glucose Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring Predicts Postmeal Glycemic Excursions in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Therapy
Authors: Majithia Amit R. , Wiltschko Alexander B. , Zheng Hui , Walford Geoffrey A. , Nathan David M.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Patients with type 1 diabetes routinely utilize a single premeal fingerstick glucose to determine premeal insulin doses. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides much richer glycemic trend information, including glycemic slope (GS). How to incorporate this information into dosing decisions remains an open question.

Methods:

We examined the relationship between premeal GS and postmeal glycemic excursions in 240 individuals with type 1 diabetes receiving CGM augmented insulin pump therapy. Over 23.5 million CGM values were synchronized with 264 500 meals. CGM values were integrated 2 hours premeal to compute GS and 2 hours postmeal to compute glycemic excursion outcomes. Postmeal hyperglycemia (integrated CGM glucose >180 mg/dL*hr) and postmeal hypoglycemic events (any CGM glucose < 70 mg/dL) were tabulated according to positive/negative premeal GS and according to GS bins commonly displayed as rate-of-change arrows on CGM devices.

Results:

Positive versus negative premeal GS was associated with a 2.28-fold (95% CI 2.25-2.32) risk of postmeal hyperglycemia. Negative versus positive premeal GS was associated with a 2.36-fold (95% CI 2.25-2.43) increase in one or more postprandial hypoglycemic events. Premeal GS in the bin currently displayed as “no change” on existing CGM devices (–1 to 1 mg/dL/min), conferred a 1.82-fold (95% CI 1.79-1.86) risk of postprandial hyperglycemia when positive and a 2.06-fold (95% CI 1.99-2.15) increased risk of postprandial hypoglycemia when negative.

Conclusion:

Premeal GS predicts postmeal glycemic excursions and may help inform insulin dosing decisions. Rate-of-change arrows on existing devices obscure clinically actionable glycemic trend information from CGM users.
Non-medical prescribing in New Zealand: an overview of prescribing rights, service delivery models and training
Authors: Raghunandan Rakhee , Tordoff June , Smith Alesha
Published: September 2017

Aim:

In this paper, we aim to provide an updated source of information for nonmedical prescribing (NMP) in New Zealand (NZ).

Methods:

A variety of NZ sources were used to collect data: legislation, policy documents and information from professional and regulatory organizations, and education providers.

Results:

In NZ, the legal categories for prescribers include authorized, designated, and delegated prescribers. Authorized prescribers include dentists, midwives, nurse practitioners, and optometrist prescribers. Designated prescribers include pharmacist prescribers, registered nurse prescribers, and dietitian prescribers. There are no delegated prescribers in NZ at this time. There is variation in the regulation, educational programmes and prescribing competencies used by the different prescribing health professionals involved in NMP in NZ.

Conclusion:

This update collates relevant information relating to NMP in NZ into one consolidated document and provides policy makers with a current overview of prescribing rights, service delivery models, training requirements, and prescribing competencies used for NMP in NZ. As NMP in NZ continues to expand and evolve, this paper will form a baseline for future NMP research in NZ. NZ needs to develop overarching NMP policy to enable consistency in the various aspects of NMP, thereby delivering a safe and sustainable NMP service in NZ.
Radio listening and the changing formations of the public in China
Authors: Lei Wei , Sun Wanning
Published: September 2017

As a sound medium which once enjoyed a dominant status in Mao-era China, radio has undergone tremendous transformation over the past several decades. Throughout the history from socialist era to post-Mao-era China, radio has much to tell about listening as a social practice and about the formation of the public. This article asks how radio listening was defined and managed as a form of public engagement at different historical stages in Chinese Communist Party–led China through the prism of several aspects of radio listening, including radio as a material object, the location and the time of radio listening, and radio genres which dominated the time. We seek to identify the forces that shape the radio landscape, as well as the changing conceptions of listening and the public in China, as the nation transformed itself from a collectivized and communally oriented society to one featuring privatization, individualization, and globalization.
Labour Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean in the Current Crisis (2008–2016)
Authors: Schincariol Vitor Eduardo , Barbosa Muryatan S. , Yeros Paris
Published: September 2017

This article reviews the recent growth period in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries up to the current crisis, to provide an assessment of trends observed in the world of labour. Our assessment includes demographic trends, the employment structure, trends in unemployment and wages and the trajectory of social, racial and gender inequalities. We argue that the LAC region has undergone significant structural changes due to shifting positions in the international division of labour. The rural exodus has persisted, but also the industrialization patterns of the past have given way to renewed emphasis on primary goods exports, as well as new specialization patterns which favour low paying jobs in services or industries of the ‘maquila’ type. The informal, or low productivity, sector has also expanded. The economic boom of the 2000s had some positive distributional effects, but made limited inroads into the established racial and gender hierarchies, which found expression in persisting super-exploitation and extreme levels of violence and mass incarceration.
Journeying to the White Coat Ceremony: A description of the people, situations and experiences that inform student visions of the physician they hope to become
Authors: Brown Rachel MA , Donaldson Joe F , Warne-Griggs Melissa D , Bagby Stone Stephanie , Campbell James D , Hoffman Kimberly G
Published: September 2017

Little is known about the experiences that influence entering medical students’ internal concepts of themselves as future physicians. During orientation to medical school, students were asked to write stories in response to the cue, “Tell a story about a person or experience that inspired you to consider a career of service in medicine.” Qualitative methodology was employed to analyze 190 student stories. Thematic analysis identified descriptive details about content and allowed comparison between the students’ and School’s expectations. Inspirational settings, contexts, and individuals were identified. Nine different inspirational events were described. Student and School expectations for the kinds of physicians they hoped to become were generally consistent. The study demonstrates that students do indeed bring to medical school visions of the kinds of physicians they hope to become. Linking that vision with medical school activities including the White Coat Ceremony provides a bridge between medical school and students’ earlier lives, thus explicitly linking orientation to professional formation.