bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dependency in early sentence diagrams
Authors: Mazziotta Nicolas
Published: January 2020

American grammarians were the first to make a systematic use of
diagrams to depict syntactic relations. Among the most elaborated early
attempts to visualize syntactic relations, Stephen W. Clark’s
Practical Grammar (1847) delivered many diagrams that merge
constituency-based analyses, relying on the description of the relations
between constructions and their parts, and a dependency-based approach,
focusing on hierarchical relations between words. Clark used labeled bubbles
to express his analyses. The same system was altered and derived numerous
times during the early history of syntactic diagramming, thus resulting in
the famous Reed & Kellogg’s system. By systematically evaluating Clark’s
analyses with respect to five general characteristics of dependency-based
descriptions, I show how much dependency-based Clark’s system is.
Social Influences on Binge Drinking in Emerging Adults: Which Social Network Members Matter Most?
Authors: Bartel Sara J. , Sherry Simon B. , Smith Martin M. , Glowacka Maria , Speth Tamara A. , Stewart Sherry H.
Published: January 2020

Background

Binge drinking peaks in emerging adulthood and is associated with a myriad of negative consequences. Research indicates that social network members have a significant influence on binge drinking. In particular, theory suggests that drinking habits of romantic partners and peers have a stronger influence on emerging-adult binge drinking than do drinking habits of siblings and parents. We investigated the relative influences of siblings, parents, romantic partners, and peers on emerging adults’ binge drinking using a multisource design and a robust measure of binge drinking. We hypothesized peer and romantic partner binge drinking would more strongly predict emerging-adult (egos) binge drinking than would parent and sibling binge drinking.

Methods

We recruited 321 participants (egos) aged 17–25 years, alongside 882 members of their social network (alters). Egos and alters completed self-report measures of binge drinking (frequency, quantity, and self-perception).

Results

Structural equation modeling revealed that the direct positive effect from romantic partner binge drinking to ego binge drinking was significant. In contrast, the direct effects from peer, parent, and sibling binge drinking to ego binge drinking were nonsignificant.

Conclusion

In emerging adulthood, romantic partners appear to have the strongest association with ego binge drinking.
Stitching A Solution to the Addiction Epidemic: A Longitudinal Addiction Curricular Thread across Four Years of Medical Training
Authors: Muvvala Srinivas B. , Schwartz Michael L. , Petrakis Ismene , O'Connor Patrick G. , Tetrault Jeanette M.
Published: January 2020

Background

Despite the enormous burden and public health impact, addiction continues to be one of the most under-treated chronic diseases primarily because of the lack of adequately trained work force of medical providers. To address this issue, medical schools should greatly expand education on addiction.

Methods

The six-step Kern model of curriculum development was used as a framework to create an addiction curriculum which includes didactic activities, workshop exercises, practice-based learning activities, clinical simulations, and clinical experiences.

Results

The authors and other members of the addiction thread committee conducted a comprehensive needs assessment, developed curriculum goals and objectives, and worked with course and clerkship directors to develop and enhance educational strategies and implement a longitudinal curricular thread woven across all four years of medical school curriculum.

Conclusion

Development and implementation of a comprehensive addiction curriculum is feasible, and this model could lay the ground work for implementation at other institutions.
Active diffusion in oocytes nonspecifically centers large objects during prophase I and meiosis I
Authors: Colin Alexandra , Letort Gaëlle , Razin Nitzan , Almonacid Maria , Ahmed Wylie , Betz Timo , Terret Marie-Emilie , Gov Nir S. , Voituriez Raphaël , Gueroui Zoher , Verlhac Marie-Hélène
Published: January 2020

Nucleus centering in mouse oocytes results from a gradient of actin-positive vesicle activity and is essential for developmental success. Here, we analyze 3D model simulations to demonstrate how a gradient in the persistence of actin-positive vesicles can center objects of different sizes. We test model predictions by tracking the transport of exogenous passive tracers. The gradient of activity induces a centering force, akin to an effective pressure gradient, leading to the centering of oil droplets with velocities comparable to nuclear ones. Simulations and experimental measurements show that passive particles subjected to the gradient exhibit biased diffusion toward the center. Strikingly, we observe that the centering mechanism is maintained in meiosis I despite chromosome movement in the opposite direction; thus, it can counteract a process that specifically off-centers the spindle. In conclusion, our findings reconcile how common molecular players can participate in the two opposing functions of chromosome centering versus off-centering.
Tissue-resident macrophages in omentum promote metastatic spread of ovarian cancer
Authors: Etzerodt Anders , Moulin Morgane , Doktor Thomas Koed , Delfini Marcello , Mossadegh-Keller Noushine , Bajenoff Marc , Sieweke Michael H. , Moestrup Søren Kragh , Auphan-Anezin Nathalie , Lawrence Toby
Published: January 2020

Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play important roles in cancer progression. Here, we have characterized the ontogeny and function of TAM subsets in a mouse model of metastatic ovarian cancer that is representative for visceral peritoneal metastasis. We show that the omentum is a critical premetastatic niche for development of invasive disease in this model and define a unique subset of CD163+ Tim4+ resident omental macrophages responsible for metastatic spread of ovarian cancer cells. Transcriptomic analysis showed that resident CD163+ Tim4+ omental macrophages were phenotypically distinct and maintained their resident identity during tumor growth. Selective depletion of CD163+ Tim4+ macrophages in omentum using genetic and pharmacological tools prevented tumor progression and metastatic spread of disease. These studies describe a specific role for tissue-resident macrophages in the invasive progression of metastatic ovarian cancer. The molecular pathways of cross-talk between tissue-resident macrophages and disseminated cancer cells may represent new targets to prevent metastasis and disease recurrence.
Supplementary comparison EURAMET.EM-S35: comparison of high-current ratio standard. Final report.
Authors: Cassiago C , Mortara A
Published: January 2020

The primary scope of the comparison was the validation of CMCs for quantities related to dc high currents, for current values ⩾ 100 A.

The travelling standards were two direct-current current transformers (DCCT).

The measurand was the current ratio of the DCCT, having a nominal value R = 1:1500, to be measured at primary currents of 90 A (mandatory), 300 A and 600 A (optional). The measurement results could to be stated for positive and negative currents, and/or as an average of the ratios obtained with both current polarities.

The comparison involved twelve participants (two pilot laboratories included), eleven of them measured the travelling standard, and ten provided results. Two participants withdrew due to technical problems.

The comparison was organized into two loops, where the participants of each loop measured only one of the two travelling standards, while the pilot laboratories measured both standards, and making possible the linking of measurement results of the participants of loop 1 with those of loop 2.

The circulation of the standards started in December 2012 and ended in June 2015.

Concerning the measurement results, a good agreement was achieved, although the travelling standard instability of loop 1 represented a relevant contribution to the DOE uncertainty, which is significantly larger than the measurement uncertainty declared by some participants.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Searching for neutrinoless double beta decay with GERDA
Authors: Agostini M. , Bakalyarov A.M. , Balata M. , Barabanov I. , Baudis L. , Bauer C. , Bellotti E. , Belogurov S. , Bettini A. , Bezrukov L. , Bode T. , Brudanin V. , Brugnera R. , Caldwell A. , Cattadori B. , Chernogorov A. , D’Andrea V. , Demidova E.V. , Di Marco N. , Domula A. , Doroshkevich E. , Egorov V. , Falkenstein R. , Gangapshev A. , Garfagnini A. , Gooch C. , Grabmayr P. , Gurentsov V. , Gusev K. , Hakenmüller J. , Hegai A. , Heisel M. , Hemmer S. , Hiller R. , Hofmann W. , Hult M. , Inzhechik L.V. , Janicsko J. , Jochum Csáthy J. , Junker M. , Kazalov V. , Kermaidic Y. , Kihm T. , Kirpichnikov H. V. , Kirsch A. , Kish A. , Klimenko A. , Kneiβl R. , Knöpfle K.T. , Kochetov O. , Kornoukhov V.N. , Kuzminov V.V. , Laubenstein M. , Lazzaro A. , Lebedev V.I. , Lindner M. , Lippi I. , Lubashevskiy A. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Lutter G. , Macolino C. , Majorovits B. , Maneschg W. , Miloradovic M. , Mingazheva R. , Misiaszek M. , Moseev P. , Nemchenok I. , Panas K. , Pandola L. , Pelczar K. , Pullia A. , Ransom C. , Riboldi S. , Rumyantseva N. , Sada C. , Salamida F. , Schmitt C. , Schneider B. , Schreiner J. , Schulz O. , Schwingenheuer B. , Schönert S. , Schütz A-K. , Selivanenko O. , Shevchik E. , Shirchenko M. , Simgen H. , Smolnikov A. , Stanco L. , Vanhoefer L. , Vasenko A.A. , Veresnikova A. , von Sturm K. , Wagner V. , Wegmann A. , Wester T. , Wiesinger C. , Wojcik M. , Yanovich E. , Zhitnikov I. , Zhukov S.V. , Zinatulina D. , Zsigmond A.J. , Zuber K. , Zuzel G.
Published: January 2020

The GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) experiment located at the INFN Gran Sasso Laboratory (Italy), is looking for the neutrinoless double beta decay of 76Ge, by using high-purity germanium detectors made from isotopically enriched material. The combination of the novel experimental design, the careful material selection for radio-purity and the active/passive shielding techniques result in a very low residual background at the Q-value of the decay, about 10−3 cts/(keV-kg-yr). This makes GERDA the first experiment in the field to be background-free for the complete design exposure of 100 kg-yr. A search for neutrinoless double beta decay was performed with a total exposure of 46.7 kg-yr: 23.2 kg-yr come from the second phase (Phase II) of the experiment, in which the background is reduced by about a factor of ten with respect to the previous phase. The analysis presented in this paper includes 12.4 kg-yr of new Phase II data. No evidence for a possible signal is found: the lower limit for the half-life of 76Ge is 8.0 • 1025 yr at 90% CL. The experimental median sensitivity is 5.8 • 1025 yr. The experiment is currently taking data. As it is running in a background-free regime, its sensitivity grows linearly with exposure and it is expected to surpass 1026 yr within 2018.
Horizon-T experiment and detection of Extensive air showers with unusual structure
Authors: Beznosko D , Beisembaev R U , Baigarin K A , Batyrkhanov A , Beisembaeva E A , Beremkulov T. , Dalkarov O D , Iakovlev A , Ryabov V A , Suleimenov N S , Sadykov T K h , Tagay Z , Uakhitov T , Vildanova M I , Zhukov V V
Published: January 2020

Horizon-T is an innovative detector system constructed to study temporary structure of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) in the energy range above ~1016 eV coming from a wide range of zenith angles (up to 80°). The system, located at Tien Shan high-altitude Science Station at approximately 3340 meters above the sea level, consists of eight charged particle detection points separated by the distance up to one kilometer. The time resolution of charged particles passage of the detector system is a few ns. This level of resolution allows conducting research of atmospheric development of individual EAS. The total of ~8500 Extensive Air Showers (EAS) with the energy above 1016 eV has been detected during the ~4000 hours of Horizon-T detectors system operations since October 24, 2016 to April 21, 2017. A notable number of events has a spatial and temporary structure that showed the pulses with several maxima (modals or modes) from several detection points of the Horizon-T at the same time as described further in this work. These modes are separated in time from each other starting from tens to thousands of ns. Some are further classified as unusual event with common structure.
Exploring calorimetry new dimensions: a novel approach to maximize the performances of space experiments for high-energy cosmic rays
Authors: Bigongiari Gabriele
Published: January 2020

Calorimeters are the key detectors for future space based experiments focused on high-energy cosmic rays spectra measurements. Thus it is extremely important to optimize their geometrical design, granularity and absorption depth, with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, which is among the most important constraints for a space mission. CaloCube is a homogeneous calorimeter whose basic geometry is cubic and isotropic, so as to detect particles arriving from every direction in space, thus maximizing the acceptance; granularity is obtained by filling the cubic volume with small cubic scintillating crystals. A prototype, instrumented with CsI(Tl) cubic crystals, has been constructed and tested with particle beams.
Recent results from VERITAS
Authors: Daniel M. K.
Published: January 2020

VERITAS has been observing the northern sky at TeV energies with full sensitivity since 2007. Consisting of a ground based array of four 12 m imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, sited in southern Arizona, it is one of the world’s most sensitive detectors of gamma-rays between 85 GeV to 30 TeV. VERITAS maintains a broad scientific programme in many areas of astroparticle physics, including, but not limited to: studies of the acceleration, propagation and indirect measurements of cosmic rays and their spectra; searching for indirect detection signatures of dark matter candidates; and tests of fundamental physics, such as setting constraints on Lorentz invariance violation. There is also an active multi-messenger programme with partners in the electromagnetic, neutrino, and gravitational wave sectors. We review here the current status and some recent results from VERITAS and examine the prospects for future studies.
The observations of the very-high-energy gamma-ray sky by HAWC
Authors: Muñoz Adiv González
Published: January 2020

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is an air shower detector designed to study very-high-energy gamma rays. In this proceeding we report the most recent scientific results by HAWC that include the detection of 39, point and extended, gamma-ray sources (already known and new) as well as their physical properties. Also HAWC monitors the flux from the Crab Nebula and two nearby active galactic nuclei, Markarian 421 and Markarian 501, every day as well as searching for transient on various timescales from other sources.
A high precision calorimeter for hunting the sterile neutrino in the SOX experiment
Authors: Noto L.Di , Agostini M. , Altenmüller K. , Appel S. , Caminata A. , Cappelli L. , Cesereto R. , Farinon S. , Gschwender M. , Hess H. , Martyn J. , Musenich R. , Neumair B. , Nieslony M. , Lachenmaier T. , Oberauer L. , Pallavicini M. , Papp L. , Rossi C. , Rottenanger S. , Schönert S. , Testera G. , Trantel A. , Weinz S. , Wurm M. , Zavatarelli S.
Published: January 2020

A thermal calorimetric apparatus was designed, built and calibrated for measuring the activity of the artificial 144
Ce —144 Pr antineutrino source. This measurement will be performed at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, just before the source insertion in the tunnel under the Borexino detector and a precision better than 1% is required for a disappearance technique measurement in the SOX (Short distance neutrino Oscillation with BoreXino) project. In this work the apparatus is described and the most important results from the calibration measurements are shown, where the final precision of few per thousand is demonstrated.
Results from the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Perrone Lorenzo
Published: January 2020

The Pierre Auger Observatory has been designed to investigate the origin and nature of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays. The combination of information from a surface array, measuring the lateral distributions of secondary particles at the ground, and fluorescence telescopes, observing the longitudinal profile, provides an enhanced reconstruction capability and opens the way for a multi-messenger approach. A review of selected results is presented, covering the measurement of energy spectrum, arrival directions, and chemical composition. Finally, the motivation and the status for the ongoing major upgrade of the Observatory, AugerPrime, will be discussed with the emphasis given to future perspectives.
Status of the SNO+ Experiment
Authors: Caden E
Published: January 2020

The SNO+ experiment is located at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. It will employ 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded, in its initial phase, with 1.3 tonnes of130Te (0.5% by mass) for a low-background and high-isotope-mass search for neutrino-less double beta decay. SNO+ uses the acrylic vessel and PMT array of the SNO detector with several experimental upgrades and necessary adaptations to fill with liquid scintillator. The SNO+ technique can be scaled up with a future high loading Phase II, able to probe to the bottom of the inverted hierarchy parameter space for effective Majorana mass. Low backgrounds and a low energy threshold allow SNO+ to also have other physics topics in its program, including geo- and reactor neutrinos, supernova and solar neutrinos. This will describe the SNO+ approach for the double-beta decay program, the current status of the experiment and its sensitivity prospects.
Initial results from the Majorana Demonstrator
Authors: Caldwell T S , Abgrall N , Alvis S I , Arnquist I J , Avignone F T , Barabash A S , Barton C J , Bertrand F E , Bode T , Bos B , Bradley A W , Brudanin V , Busch M , Buuck M , Y-D Chan , Christofferson C D , Chu P-H , Cuesta C , Detwiler J A , Dunagan C , Efremenko Yu , Ejiri H , Elliott S R , Gilliss T , Giovanetti G K , Green M P , Gruszko J , Guinn I S , Guiseppe V E , Haufe C R , Hehn L , Henning R , Hoppe E W , Howe M A , Keeter K J , Kidd M F , Konovalov S I , Kouzes R T , Lopez A M , Martin R D , Massarczyk R , Meijer S J , Mertens S , Myslik J , O‘Shaughnessy C , Othman G , Pettus W , Poon A W P , Radford D C , Rager J , Reine A L , Rielage K , Robertson R G H , Ruof N W , Shanks B , Shirchenko M , Suriano A M , Tedeschi D , Trimble J E , Varner R L , Vasilyev S , Vetter K , Vorren K , White B R , Wilkerson J F , Wiseman C , Xu W , Yakushev E , Yu C-H , Yumatov V , Zhitnikov I , Zhu B X
Published: January 2020

The Majorana Collaboration has assembled an array of high purity Ge detectors to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 76Ge with the goal of establishing the required background and scalability of a Ge-based next-generation ton-scale experiment. The Majorana Demonstrator consists of 44 kg of high-purity Ge (HPGe) detectors (30 kg enriched in 76Ge) with a low-noise p-type point contact (PPC) geometry. The detectors are split between two modules which are contained in a single lead and high-purity copper shield at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. Following a commissioning run that started in June 2015, the full detector array has been acquiring data since August 2016. We will discuss the status of the Majorana Demonstrator and initial results from the first physics run; including current background estimates, exotic low-energy physics searches, projections on the physics reach of the Demonstrator, and implications for a ton-scale Ge-based neutrinoless double-beta decay search.
Limiting the effective magnetic moment of solar neutrinos with the Borexino detector
Authors: Ludhova L
Published: January 2020

Borexino has provided an updated upper limit on the effective neutrino magnetic moment of solar neutrinos μβα < 2.8 x 10−11
μऔ
at 90% C.L. This result represents nearly a factor of two improvement with respect to the previous result based on 192 days of the Phase-I data. The current analysis has been performed using 1291.5 days exposure of the Phase-II data, characterized by a further improved level of radio-purity of liquid scintillator. Another key ingredient of the new analysis, lowering the threshold from 260 to 186 keV, was possible thanks to a better understanding of the detector-response function at low energies. The global spectral fit was preformed up to 2970 keV energy, using constraints on the sum of the solar neutrino fluxes implied by the radiochemical gallium experiments. From the limit for the effective neutrino magnetic moment, new limits for the magnetic moments of the neutrino flavour states were derived.
Recent Solar neutrino Results from Super-Kamiokande
Authors: Nakano Y.
Published: January 2020

Super-Kamiokande (SK), a 50 kton water Cherenkov detector in Japan, is observing neutrinos and searching for proton decay and dark matter. The installation of new front-end electronics in 2008 marks the beginning of the 4th phase of SK (SK-IV). With the improvement of the water circulation system, calibration methods, reduction cuts, this phase achieved the lowest energy threshold thus far: 3.5 MeV kinetic energy. SK studies the effects of both the solar and terrestrial matter density on neutrino oscillations: a distortion of the solar neutrino energy spectrum would be caused by the edge of the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein resonance in the solar core, and terrestrial matter effects would induce a day/night solar neutrino flux asymmetry. SK observed solar neutrino interactions for more than 20 years. This long operation covers about ∼2 solar activity cycles. An analysis about a possible correlation between solar neutrino flux and 11 year activity cycle will be presented.
Astrophyisical Neutrino in Hyper-Kamiokande
Authors: Yano Takatomi
Published: January 2020

Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) is a proposed next generation underground large water Cherenkov detector. We plan to build two cylindrical water tanks in our experimental period, filled with ultra pure water and surrounded with newly developed photo sensors. In total, it will provide the fiducial volume of 0.19-0.37 Mt. The energies, positions, directions and types of charged particles produced by neutrino interactions are detected using its Cherenkov light in water. Our detector will be located at deep underground to reduce the cosmic muon flux and its spallation products, which is a dominant background for the analysis of the low energy astrophysical neutrinos.

With the fruitful physics research programs planned for the accelerator neutrinos, atomospheric neutrinos and nucleon decay, Hyper-K will play an important role in the next neutrino physics frontier, even in the neutrino astrophysics. It will provide remarkable information for both of particle physics and astrophysics with its large statistics of astrophysical neutrino measurements, i.e., solar neutrino, supernova burst neutrinos and supernova relic neutrino. Here, we will discuss about physics potential of Hyper-K neutrino astrophysics and expected performance of the detector.
The ANAIS-112 experiment at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory
Authors: Amaré J , Cebrián S , Coarasa I , Cuesta C , García E , Martínez M , Olivan M A , Ortigoza Y , Ortizde Solárzano A , Puimedòn J , Salinas A , Sarsa M L , Villar P , Villar J A
Published: January 2020

The ANAIS experiment aims at the confirmation of the DAMA/LIBRA signal at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC). Several 12.5 kg NaI(Tl) modules produced by Alpha Spectra Inc. have been operated there during the last years in various set-ups; an outstanding light collection at the level of 15 photoelectrons per keV, which allows triggering at 1 keV of visible energy, has been measured for all of them and a complete characterization of their background has been achieved. In the first months of 2017, the full ANAIS-112 set-up consisting of nine Alpha Spectra detectors with a total mass of 112.5 kg was commissioned at LSC and the first dark matter run started in August, 2017. Here, the latest results on the detectors performance and measured background from the commissioning run will be presented and the sensitivity prospects of the ANAIS-112 experiment will be discussed.
The R&D progress of the Jinping neutrino experiment
Authors: Chen Shaomin
Published: January 2020

China JinPing underground Laboratory (CJPL) is located about 2400 m below Jinping mountain, providing a unique feature for studies of low-energy neutrinos. A neutrino experiment has been proposed to perform an in-depth research on solar neutrinos, geo-neutrinos and supernova relic neutrinos at Jinping. The physics motivations, the R&D efforts and the present status are reported for a proposed kilo-ton neutrino detector at Jinping. The future prospects are also given.
Dark matter search with the SABRE experiment
Authors: D’Imperio Giulia
Published: January 2020

The SABRE (Sodium Iodide with Active Background REjection) experiment will search for an annually modulating signal from dark matter using an array of ultra-pure NaI(Tl) detectors surrounded by an active scintillator veto to further reduce the background. The first phase of the experiment is the SABRE Proof of Principle (PoP), a single 5 kg crystal detector operated in a liquid scintillator filled vessel at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS). The SABRE-PoP installation is underway with the goal of running in 2018 and performing the first in situ measurement of the crystal background, testing the veto efficiency, and validating the SABRE concept. The second phase of SABRE will be twin arrays of NaI(Tl) detectors operating at LNGS and at the Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory (SUPL) in Australia. By locating detectors in both hemispheres, SABRE will minimize seasonal systematic effects. This paper presents the status report of the SABRE activities as well as the results from the most recent Monte Carlo simulation and the expected sensitivity.
Status and prospect of the ANKOK project: Low mass WIMP dark matter search using double phase argon detector
Authors: Kimura Masato , Tanaka Masashi , Yorita Kohei
Published: January 2020

The ANKOK project is a dark matter search experiment using an argon detector specialized for the low mass (∼ 10 GeV/c2) WIMP detection. We are currently proceeding with R&D efforts to understand the background sources, develop and apply new photo sensor that is directly sensitive to 128 nm argon scintillation light and improve electron recoil type background rejection. In the next few years, we are planning to construct such an argon detector in an underground laboratory with enough sensitivity to detect low mass WIMP.
International Axion Observatory (IAXO) status and prospects
Authors: Lakić Biljana
Published: January 2020

International Axion Observatory (IAXO) is a new generation axion helioscope aiming to search for solar axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) with a signal to background ratio of about 5 orders of magnitude higher than the one achieved by currently the most sensitive axion helioscope, CAST. IAXO relies on large improvements in magnetic field volume and extensive use of X-ray focusing optics combined with low-background detectors. IAXO will probe a substantial unexplored region of the axion and ALP parameter space which is theoretically and cosmologically motivated, and thus will have significant discovery potential. IAXO could also be used to test models of other proposed particles at the low energy frontier of particle physics, like hidden photons or chameleons. In addition, the IAXO magnet could accommodate new equipment to search for relic axions or ALPs potentially composing the galactic halo of dark matter.
Backgrounds in the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Experiment
Authors: Lehnert B
Published: January 2020

The DEAP-3600 experiment, located at SNOLAB, is searching for dark matter with a single phase liquid argon (LAr) target. For a background-free exposure of 3000 kg·yr, the projected sensitivity to the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section at 100 GeV/c2 WIMP mass is 10−46 cm2.

The experimental signature of dark matter interactions is keV-scale argon recoils producing 128 nm LAr scintillation photons which are wavelength shifted and observed by 255 PMTs. To reach the large background-free exposure, a combination of careful material selection, passive shielding, active vetoes, fiducialization and pulse shape discrimination (PSD) is used. The main concept of the background rejection in DEAP-3600 is the powerful PSD, employing the large difference between fast and slow components of LAr scintillation light. The designed background level of DEAP-3600 is less than 0.6 events in a 3000 kg·yr exposure. The experiment was filled in November 2016 and is currently taking dark matter search data.
Modulations in Spectra of Galactic Gamma-ray sources as a result of photon-ALPs mixing.
Authors: Majumdar Jhilik , Calore Francesca , Horns Dieter
Published: January 2020

Axion like particles (ALPs) are fundamental pseudo scalar particles with properties similar to Axions which are a well-known extensions of the standard model to solve the strong CP problem in Quantum Chromodynamics. ALPs can oscillate into photons and vice versa in the presence of an external tranversal magnetic field. This oscillation of photon and ALPs could have important implications for astronomical observations, i.e. a characteristic energy dependent attenuation in Gamma ray spectra for astrophysical sources. Here we have revisited the opportunity to search Photon-ALPs coupling in the disappearance channel. We use eight years of Fermi Pass 8 data of a selection of promising galactic Gamma-ray source candidates and study the modulation in the spectra in accordance with Photon-ALPs mixing and estimate best fit values of the parameters i.e. Photon-ALPs coupling constant (g
ʱγγ) and ALPs mass(mα). For the magnetic field we use large scale galactic magnetic field models based on Faraday rotation measurements and we have also studied the survival probability of photons in the Galactic plane.
Dark Matter Searches at Super-Kamiokande
Authors: Mijakowski Piotr
Published: January 2020

This work presents indirect searches for dark matter (DM) as WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) using neutrino data collected with the Super-Kamiokande detector from 1996 until 2016. The results of the search for WIMP-induced neutrinos from the Sun, the Earth’s core and the Milky Way are discussed. We looked for an excess of neutrinos related to a given source as compared to the expected atmospheric neutrino background. No excess of the WIMP-induced neutrinos is observed in any of the analyses. Limits on the WIMP-nucleon spin-dependent/-independent cross sections (Solar & Earth analysis) and on the WIMP self-annihilation cross section 〈σAV〉 (Galactic analysis) are derived assuming various annihilation modes and masses of the relic particles.
First results on low-mass dark matter from the CRESST-III experiment
Authors: Petricca F , Angloher G , Bauer P , Bento A , Bucci C , Canonica L , Defay X , Erb A , Feilitzsch F v , Iachellini N Ferreiro , Gorla P , Gütlein A , Hauff D , Jochum J , Kiefer M , Kluck H , Kraus H , Lanfranchi J C , Langenkämper A , Loebell J , Mancuso M , Mondragon E , Münster A , Pagliarone C , Potzel W , Pröbst F , Puig R , Reindl F , Rothe J , Schäffner K , Schieck J , Schönert S , Seidelf W , Stahlberg M , Stodolsky L , Strandhagen C , Strauss R , Tanzke A , Thi H H Trinh , Türkoğlu C , Ulrich A , Usherov I , Wawoczny S , Willers M , Wüstrich M
Published: January 2020

The CRESST experiment (Cryogenic Rare Even Search with Superconducting Thermometers), located at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, searches for dark matter particles via their elastic scattering off nuclei in a target material. The CRESST target consists of scintillating CaWO4 crystals, which are operated as cryogenic calorimeters at millikelvin temperatures. Each interaction in the CaWO4 target crystal produces a phonon signal and a light signal that is measured by a second cryogenic calorimeter. Since the CRESST-II result in 2015, the experiment is leading the field of direct dark matter search for dark matter masses below 1.7 GeV/c
2, extending the reach of direct searches to the sub-GeV/c
2 mass region. For CRESST-III, whose Phase 1 started in July 2016, detectors have been optimized to reach the performance required to further probe the low-mass region with unprecedented sensitivity. In this contribution the achievements of the CRESST-III detectors will be discussed together with preliminary results and perspectives of Phase 1.
Status and Physics of the SHiP experiment at CERN
Authors: Bick Daniel
Published: January 2020

SHiP is a new general purpose fixed target facility, whose Technical Proposal has been recently reviewed by the CERN SPS Committee and by the CERN Research Board. The two boards recommended that the experiment proceeds further to a Comprehensive Design phase in the context of the new CERN Working group ”Physics Beyond Colliders”, aiming at presenting a CERN strategy for the European Strategy meeting of 2019. In its initial phase, the 400 GeV proton beam extracted from the SPS will be dumped on a heavy target with the aim of integrating 2 × 1020 pot in 5 years. A dedicated detector, based on a long vacuum tank followed by a spectrometer and particle identification detectors, will allow probing a variety of models with light long-lived exotic particles and masses below O(10) GeV/c2. The main focus will be the physics of the so-called Hidden Portals, i.e. search for Dark Photons, Light scalars and pseudo-scalars, and Heavy Neutrinos. The sensitivity to Heavy Neutrinos will allow for the first time to probe, in the mass range between the kaon and the charm meson mass, a coupling range for which Baryogenesis and active neutrino masses could also be explained. Another dedicated detector will allow the study of neutrino cross-sections and angular distributions. ντ
deep inelastic scattering cross sections will be measured with a statistics 1000 times larger than currently available, with the extraction of the F
4 and F
5 structure functions, never measured so far and allow for new tests of lepton non-universality with sensitivity to BSM physics.
Design and status of the Micro-X microcalorimeter sounding rocket
Authors: Hubbard A J F , Adams J S , Baker R , Bandler S R , Bastidon N , Danowski M E , Doriese W B , Figueroa-Feliciano E , Goldfinger D C , Heine S N T , Hilton G C , Kelley R L , Kilbourne C A , Manzagol R E , McCammon D , Okajima T , Porter F S , Reintsema C D , Serlemitsos P , Smith S J , Wikus P
Published: January 2020

The Micro-X High Resolution Microcalorimeter X-Ray Imaging Rocket is a sounding rocket mission that will observe Supernova Remnants and search for keV-scale sterile neutrino dark matter. Micro-X will combine the excellent energy resolution of Transition Edge Sensor microcalorimeters with the imaging capabilities of a conical imaging mirror to map extended and point X-ray sources with an unprecedented combination of energy and spatial resolution. The payload has been designed to operate in the challenging conditions of a sounding rocket flight and to achieve sensitive results, in a single five-minute exposure, for each of these science goals. Micro-X’s unique design considerations are presented here, along with the status of the instrument and projections for the upcoming flights. The first Micro-X flight in 2018 will observe the Puppis A supernova remnant, where it will attain nearly 13,000 counts in the 300 s exposure. The second Micro-X flight will observe the Galactic Center to search for keV-scale dark matter and explore the nature of the unexplained 3.5 keV line observed by X-ray satellites.
MADMAX: A new way of probing QCD Axion Dark Matter with a Dielectric Haloscope – Foundations
Authors: Knirck Stefan
Published: January 2020

In contrast to WIMPs, light Dark Matter candidates have increasingly come under the focus of scientific interest. In particular the QCD axion is also able to solve other fundamental problems such as CP-conservation in strong interactions. Galactic axions, axion-like particles and hidden photons can be converted to photons at boundaries between materials of different dielectric constants under a strong magnetic field. Combining many such surfaces, one can enhance this conversion significantly using constructive interference and resonances. The proposed MADMAX setup containing 80 high dielectric disks in a 10 T magnetic field would probe the well-motivated mass range of 40–400
μeV, a range which is at present inaccessible by existing cavity searches. We present the foundations of this approach and its expected sensitivity.
MADMAX: A new road to axion dark matter detection
Authors: Majorovits B.
Published: January 2020

The axion is a hypothetical low-mass boson predicted by the Peccei-Quinn mechanism solving the strong CP problem. It is naturally also a cold dark matter candidate if its mass is below ∼1 meV, thus simultaneously solving two major problems of nature. All existing experimental efforts to detect QCD axions focus on a range of axion masses below ∼25 μeV. The mass range above ∼40 μeV, predicted by modern models in which the Peccei-Quinn symmetry was restored after inflation, could not be explored so far. The MADMAX project is designed to be sensitive for axions with masses (40–400) μeV. The experimental design is based on the idea of enhanced axion-photon conversion in a system with several layers with alternating dielectric constants. The concept and the proposed design of the MADMAX experiment are discussed. Measurements taken with a prototype test setup are discussed. The prospects for reaching sensitivity enough to cover the parameter space predicted for QCD dark matter axions with mass in the range around 100 μeV is presented.
Study of PeV neutrinos around dwarf galaxies near giant lobes of Centaurus A
Authors: Aguilar-Ruiz E. , Fraija N. , Galván-Gámez A. , Diego De , Marinelli A.
Published: January 2020

The origin of recently discovered PeV neutrinos is an unsolved problem. In this work we consider a hadronic scenario to produce PeV neutrinos from a region around giant lobes of Centaurus A. Although ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are accelerated and confined by giant lobes, they can escape to be later injected in the inter-group medium where galaxies near the giant lobes provides the condition to confine them. UHECRs interact with low-energy photons and protons producing high-energy photons and neutrinos. We found that although the IC35 event cannot be generated inside the giant lobes, this PeV neutrino might be created in galaxies close to the Lobes of Cen A.
Caliope: a search for CPT-violation in o-ps
Authors: Bartram C , Henning R
Published: January 2020

CALIOPE, or CP(T) Aberrant Leptons in ortho-Positronium Experiment, is a tabletop search for fundamental symmetry violations, including CP- and CPT-violation, in ortho-positronium (o-Ps). We use a tagged 22Na source adjacent to a cylinder of aerogel to generate o-Ps at the center of a cylindrical array of 24 NaI(Tl) bars. We search for CPT - violating angular correlations in the gamma rays emitted in the decay of o-Ps. With an angular acceptance of 75% of 4π, and the ability to acquire statistics over a longer period of time, CALIOPE will improve upon the limit set by previous experiments. The experimental setup can also be used in a search for CP-violation in o-Ps with the addition of an electromagnet. We describe the design of the experiment, results from a characterization of the systematics for the CPT- and CP-violating measurements, and a demonstration of the DAQ.
Data selection strategy for solar neutrino analysis with Borexino
Authors: Caprioli S , Ghiano C , Re A , Redchuck M
Published: January 2020

The Borexino collaboration has recently released the first simultaneous measurement of the interaction rates of pp, 7Be and pep solar neutrinos. This result was made possible by the unprecedented low background of the scintillator during Phase-II, together with new data analysis techniques. We present the data selection strategy of the Borexino solar neutrino analysis: we describe how we select the neutrino-like scintillation events according to event-based cuts which eliminate most of the external and cosmogenic backgrounds. We describe also how the spatial distribution of events and a β+/β− pulse shape discrimination variable are used in a multivariate fit approach to additionally constrain the residual cosmogenic 11C and external backgrounds.
Speeding up complex multivariate data analysis in Borexino with parallel computing based on Graphics Processing Unit
Authors: Ding X F , Vishneva A , Penek Ö , Marcocci S
Published: January 2020

A spectral fitter based on the graphics processor unit (GPU) has been developed for Borexino solar neutrino analysis. It is able to shorten the fitting time to a superior level compared to the CPU fitting procedure. In Borexino solar neutrino spectral analysis, fitting usually requires around one hour to converge since it includes time-consuming convolutions in order to account for the detector response and pile-up effects. Moreover, the convergence time increases to more than two days when including extra computations for the discrimination of 11C and external γs. In sharp contrast, with the GPU-based fitter it takes less than 10 seconds and less than four minutes, respectively. This fitter is developed utilizing the GooFit project with customized likelihoods, pdfs and infrastructures supporting certain analysis methods. In this proceeding the design of the package, developed features and the comparison with the original CPU fitter are presented.
Progress Toward A 2νββ Measurement For The Majorana Demonstrator
Authors: Gilliss T , Abgrall N , Alvis S I , Arnquist I J , Avignone F T , Barabash A S , Barton C J , Bertrand F E , Bode T , Bradley A W , Brudanin V , Busch M , Buuck M , Caldwell T S , Chan Y-D , Christofferson C D , Chu P-H , Cuesta C , Detwiler J A , Dunagan C , Efremenko Yu , Ejiri H , Elliott S R , Giovanetti G K , Green M P , Gruszko J , Guinn I S , Guiseppe V E , Haufe C R , Hehn L , Henning R , Hoppe E W , Howe M A , Keeter K J , Kidd M F , Konovalov S I , Kouzes R T , Lopez A M , Martin R D , Massarczyk R , Meijer S J , Mertens S , Myslik J , O’Shaughnessy C , Othman G , Pettus W , Poon A W P , Radford D C , Rager J , Reine A L , Rielage K , Robertson R G H , Ruof N W , Shanks B , Shirchenko M , Suriano A M , Tedeschi D , Trimble J E , Varner R L , Vasilyev S , Vetter K , Vorren K , White B R , Wilkerson J F , Wiseman C , Xu W , Yakushev E , Yu C-H , Yumatov V , Zhitnikov I , Zhu B X
Published: January 2020

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is a 76Ge-based neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) experiment. Staged at the 4850 ft level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility, the DEMONSTRATOR operates an array of high-purity p-type point contact Ge detectors deployed within a graded passive shield and an active muon veto system. The present work concerns the two-neutrino double-beta decay mode (2νββ) of 76Ge. For Ge detectors, having superior energy resolution (0.1%), this mode poses negligible background to the 0νββ mode, even for a ton-scale experiment. However, the measurement of the 2νββ mode allows for careful systematics checks of active detector mass, enrichment fraction, and pulse shape discrimination cuts related to both the 0νββ and 2νββ decay modes. A precision measurement of the 2νββ shape also allows searches for spectral distortions, possibly indicative of new physics, including 0νββχ. Work is underway to construct a full experimental background model enabling a Bayesian fit to the measured energy spectrum and extraction of a precise 2νββ spectrum and half-life.
Electromagnetic interactions of massive neutrinos and neutrino oscillations
Authors: Giunti Carlo , Kouzakov Konstantin A , Li Yu-Feng , Lokhov Alexey V , Studenikin Alexander I , Zhou Shun
Published: January 2020

An interplay between electromagnetic properties of massive neutrinos and neutrino oscillation phenomena is discussed. The role of neutrino oscillations in the search of neutrino magnetic moments in experiments on low-energy elastic neutrino-electron scattering is emphasized. A general treatment of neutrino spin-flavor oscillations in a magnetic field is presented. An impact of neutrino electromagnetic interactions on Majorana neutrino fluxes from supernovae is pointed out.
Electromagnetic interactions of neutrinos in processes of low-energy elastic neutrino-electron scattering
Authors: Kouzakov Konstantin A , Studenikin Alexander I
Published: January 2020

Electron energy and angular distributions in the process of low-energy elastic neutrino-electron scattering are treated in the free-electron approximation. The effects of the millicharges, magnetic, electric, and anapole moments of massive neutrinos along with the flavor change of neutrinos travelling from the source to the detector are taken into account under the assumption of three-neutrino mixing. The footprints of neutrino electromagnetic interactions in the electron energy and angle distributions are discussed.
Data quality assurance for the Majorana Demonstrator
Authors: Myslik J , Abgrall N , Alvis S I , Arnquist I J , Avignone F T , Barabash A S , Barton C J , Bertrand F E , Bode T , Bradley A W , Brudanin V , Busch M , Buuck M , Caldwell T S , Chan Y-D , Christofferson C D , Chu P-H , Cuesta C , Detwiler J A , Dunagan C , Efremenko Yu , Ejiri H , Elliott S R , Gilliss T , Giovanetti G K , Green M P , Gruszko J , Guinn I S , Guiseppe V E , Haufe C R , Hehn L , Henning R , Hoppe E W , Howe M A , Keeter K J , Kidd M F , Konovalov S I , Kouzes R T , Lopez A M , Martin R D , Massarczyk R , Meijer S J , Mertens S , O’Shaughnessy C , Othman G , Pettus W , Poon A W P , Radford D C , Rager J , Reine A L , Rielage K , Robertson R G H , Ruof N W , Shanks B , Shirchenko M , Suriano A M , Tedeschi D , Trimble J E , Varner R L , Vasilyev S , Vetter K , Vorren K , White B R , Wilkerson J F , Wiseman C , Xu W , Yakushev E , Yu C-H , Yumatov V , Zhitnikov I , Zhu B X
Published: January 2020

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is an experiment constructed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decays in germanium-76 and to demonstrate the feasibility to deploy a large-scale experiment in a phased and modular fashion. It consists of two modular arrays of natural and 76 Ge-enriched germanium detectors totalling 44.1 kg, located at the 4850’ level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. Any neutrinoless double-beta decay search requires a thorough understanding of the background and the signal energy spectra. The various techniques employed to ensure the integrity of the measured spectra are discussed. Data collection is monitored with a thorough set of checks, and subsequent careful analysis is performed to qualify the data for higher level physics analysis. Instrumental background events are tagged for removal, and problematic channels are removed from consideration as necessary.