bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lawyers Response to COVID-19 Infodemic on Social Media
Authors: Jamshed Jibran
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to examine and analyze the
skills and practices of lawyers in response to the misinformation/Infodemic of
COVID-19 on Social Media platforms.

Research
Methodology: In this
quantitative study an online survey was conducted among lawyers in Pakistan.
The population of the study was made up of practicing lawyers from different
District Bar Associations in Pakistan. A questionnaire was distributed to
collect data regarding demographic information, use of social media, response
to misinformation about COVID-19 on social media and to identify the methods
employed by lawyers to check the authenticity of such information. Collected
data were first analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS
V 23) and then presented in frequency, mean, percentage, and standard
deviation.

Findings: The study revealed that the majority of lawyers use social media
platforms. It shows that the most popular social media platforms among the
lawyers are Facebook and WhatsApp. The outcome shows that lawyers encounter
fake stories about COVID-19. Critical thinking, comparison, and cross-checking
are among the most commonly used techniques employed by the lawyers to check
the authenticity of any information about the COVID-19 on social media. It also
revealed that most of the time they share such news after checking its
authenticity but sometimes they share it without confirming it.
The problem of child protection in development international and russian public: a retrospective digression
Authors: Belyaeva Larisa
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the origins of the problem of child protection and provides a retrospective review of the activities of collegial international and Russian representative offices in the formation and implementation of proposals aimed at protecting children from the influence of all conditions that determine antisocial behavior.
Activities of customs inspectors and korchem guards in the east of the country during the First World War and Civil War
Authors: Sinichenko Vladimir , Potemkin Igor
Published: January 2021

The article aims to study the activities of customs inspectors and korchem guards as police units of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Empire during the First World War, as well as to trace the subsequent transformation of this law enforcement unit during the Civil War. The object of the study in the article was the operational services of the Ministry of Finance of Russia (customs inspectors, korchem guards) who performed directly police functions during the protection of the customs border of Russia.
Telemedicine in Russia: experience of understanding in legal doctrine and formation of legal regulation
Authors: Garaeva Amina , Zaloilo Maksim , Poleshchuk Ilia , Vlasova Nataliya , Fomina Elena
Published: January 2021

The article examines the main historical stages of the development of legal regulation of telemedicine in Russia, analyzes legislative and other initiatives in this area that took place since the understanding of the need to legalize electronic medicine long before the adoption of specialized legislation. The use of historical experience contributes to a deeper understanding of the specifics of legal regulation of medical care provided with the use of telemedicine technologies, allows to build legal forecasts of its improvement. In the context of the ongoing pandemic of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection, which has affected all countries of the world, the role of telemedicine technologies in the provision of medical care is increasing. That situation actualizes relevant scientific research both in the field of natural sciences and in the historical and legal sphere.
Reliability Analysis of Anchored Geotechnical Structures for the Design Limit States
Authors: Al-Mamoori Sohaib K , A. Al-Maliki Laheab , El-Tawel Khaled
Published: January 2021

Reliability has been considered of magnificent importance in engineering design specially in geotechnical engineering due to the unpredictable conditions of soil layers. It is essential to establish well- designed failure modes that could guarantee safety and durability of the proposed structure. This study aims to suggest a reliability analyses procedure for retaining walls by the mean of a reliability index β using the specifications of AASHTO Bridge Design 2002, Eurocode 7, and DIN EN 1993-5 norms. Two failure modes; Tensile failure of tendon (G1) and Failure by bending (G2) were studied and compared by using equation of the Design Limit State (DLS) and by taking some basic geotechnical parameters as Random Variables RV. The analyses demonstrated that the reliability index β and probability of failure Pf are the most important parameter in the reliability analysis. Also, the suitable height (H) for the retaining structure (for all angles ϴ) equals to 6 m and the most critical angle is ϴ= 45º to prevent the failure by tensile of tendon. While the bending failure reliability analysis shows that all heights of retaining structure are suitable. After comparing the two cases it was found that (G1) is more dangerous than (G2).
UAS Teori Komunikasi ( Astri Ananda - 180900100 )
Authors: Ananda Astri
Published: January 2021

UAS Teori Komunikasi ( Astri Ananda - 180900100 ) Berasal Dari Jurnal Penelitian Yang Di Berikan Oleh Dosen ( Radita Gora Tayibnapis, S.Sos, M. M. ) Yang Berjudul " Social Capital Of Entrusted Service Agents For Imported Fashion And Cosmetics Products."
Pengaruh Difusi Informasi Fintech Melalui Media Sosial Terhadap Perubahan Pola Transaksi Pembayaran di Kalangan Muda di Jakarta Pengaruh Difusi Informasi Fintech Melalui Media Sosial Terhadap Perubahan Pola Transaksi Pembayaran di Kalangan Muda di Jakarta
Authors: Fathoni Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Review Jurnal Teori Komunikasi 2
About quantity-oriented publishing mentality risk in young researchers
Authors: Le Tam-Tri
Published: January 2021

Achieving both quantitative and qualitative goals in early publications is the true “barrier-breaking”.
Surface integral and focusing
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: January 2021

Surface integral and focusing
NARKOBA YANG SALAH SASARAN
Authors: Noorhalimah
Published: January 2021

Dapam artikel ini membahas mengenai penyalah gunaan narkoba yang dilakukan pada saat sekarang oleh oknum-oknum yang tidak bertanggung jawab.
Nucleolar complex protein 4, NOC4L, is a differentially expressed gene in brain metastatic human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the nucleolar complex protein 4, encoded by NOC4L, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. NOC4L mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of NOC4L in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival. Modulation of NOC4L expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Can Language Direct Speakers' Attention in Causal Events?: An Empirical Study between Japanese and English Speakers
Authors: Obata Yukiko
Published: January 2021

This thesis sheds lights on the relationship between descriptions of causal events and their effects on speakers’ memory. English and Japanese are similar in that speakers can use the same constructions when describing intentional events – both comfortably use transitive sentences. However, they are different when describing non-intentional events. English speakers can use the same construction as intentional events, while Japanese speakers prefer to mark that the event is accidental. They tend to add accidental markers to cancel the agent’s intention frequently. In Experiment 1, I confirm differences in describing causal events between these two languages. Then, Japanese speakers are expected to remember event nature (i.e., intentional or non-intentional) more accurately than English speakers. However, Experiment 2 fails to support the hypothesis. I present two possible reasons why language effects are not observed. First, marking non-intentionality is not obligatory but only preferred by Japanese speakers. Thus, language effects are not strong enough to affect speakers’ memory. Second, language does not affect speakers’ memory, especially in causal-event descriptions, even though it does in other domains, such as color terminology.
The world is not a theorem
Authors: Kauffman Stuart , Roli Andrea
Published: January 2021

The evolution of the biosphere unfolds as a luxuriant generative process of new living forms and functions. Organisms adapt to their environment, and exploit novel opportunities that are created in this continuous blooming dynamics. Affordances play a fundamental role in the evolution of the biosphere, as they represent the opportunities organisms may choose for achieving their goals, thus actualizing what is in potentia. In this paper we maintain that affordances elude a formalization in mathematical terms: we argue that it is not possible to apply set theory to affordances, therefore we cannot devise a mathematical theory of affordances and the evolution of the biosphere.
PENERAPAN TEKNIK RELAKSASI DISELA PENGERJAAN TUGAS OLEH MAHASISWA DIMASA COVID-19
Authors: Jaya Putri Raisha
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK Pandemi civid-19 pada masa sekarang menyebabkan semua serba onlen termasuk pengerjaan tugas yang membuat para dosen mengira bahwasanya di rumah saja hanya rebahan dan tidak melakukan aktivitas yang membuat banyaknya tugas yang di berikan oleh mahasiswa, hal ini menyebabkan mahasiswa banyak mengalami stress yang tidak terkendali, emosi yang tidak stabil, tekanan fikiran, perubahan perilaku mahasiswa. Hal ini banyak sekali terjadi di masa pandemic covid-19 ini. Yang kemudian diperlukannya tips – tips untuk menjadi penerapan yang bisa di lakukan di masa pandemic covid-19 yang mengharuskan mahasiswa beraktivitas di rumah saja. Beberapa tips yang bisa dilakukan mahasiswa selama di rumah saja seperti relaksasi nafas, relaksasi imagery, mendengarkan musik, serta rehat sejenak untuk mengerjakan tugas dan kemudian dilanjutkan kembali, hal ini bisa menjadi jalan keluar bagi mahasiswa yang sedang mengalami tekanan, jenuh dan stress dikala pengerjaan tugas dan terbukti efektif. Kata Kunci : mahasiswa, relaksasi, pandemi covid-19 ABSTRACTThe Civid-19 pandemic at the present time causes everything to be online, including work on assignments that make lecturers think that at home, they are just lying down and not doing activities that cause many assignments given by students, this causes students to experience a lot of uncontrollable stress, unstable emotions, stress, changes in student behavior. This happened a lot during the Covid-19 pandemic. What then needs tips to become an application that can be done during the Covid-19 pandemic, which requires students to do activities at home. Some tips that students can do while at home such as breathing relaxation, imagery relaxation, listening to music, and taking a break to do assignments and then continuing again, this can be a way out for students who are experiencing pressure, boredom and stress while doing assignments and proven effective.Keywords ; Collage Student, relaxtion, the covid-19 pandemic
A magnifying glass for the study of coupled developmental changes: Combining psychological networks and latent growth models
Authors: Deserno Marie Katharina , Sachisthal Maien , Epskamp Sacha , Raijmakers Maartje Eusebia Josefa
Published: January 2021

In recent years, methodological advances for analyzing developmental data are coming thick and fast. Two of the most popular and rapidly developing frameworks are (i) longitudinal structural equation modeling and (ii) network modeling. The present paper outlines the incremental gain in what we can learn from data about co-developing skills and challenges when using these two frameworks in tandem. First, we discuss the proposed analytic paradigm in the context of fundamental questions in developmental psychology. Second, we present two different paths to formalize such questions, introducing, first, a recently developed network model for longitudinal panel data and, second, the notion of growth parameter networks based on latent growth curve models. Used in tandem, they can provide new insights into the longitudinal co-development of developmental domains. Specifically, we focus on integrating growth parameters from latent growth curve models into networks and analyzing them as such. Third, we illustrate these analytic steps with an empirical example using longitudinal data from the Millenium Cohort Study (N=7623). As illustrated and discussed in the real data example, the proposed approach offers a magnifying glass to the study of coupled developmental changes. Teasing apart the processes underlying the heterogeneity of childhood development can, in turn, add to substantive developmental theory.
An Online Acquaintance Community: The Emergence of Chinese Virtual Civility
Authors: Tian Xiaoli , Guo Yanan
Published: January 2021

How is social etiquette performed when offline interpersonal interactions are mediated online? Sixty semi-structured interviews with WeChat users, China’s most popular social media platform, show that the app’s technical designs facilitated a set of online etiquette rules which reproduced those of acquaintance communities. Three dimensions of social etiquette rules were considered and observed: respect, elegance, and tidiness. Users honored the face of others and avoided causing others to lose face, often presented a positive but restrained self-image, and strived to preserve the tidiness of the online public space by avoiding the sharing of and exposing others to “negative energy”.A video abstract is available at https://youtu.be/2tG40y8J11E.
Revisiting Official History in Evangel Athial’s Hitler and the Decline of Shah Dynasty
Authors: Singh Raj Kishor
Published: January 2021

This article aims to analyze Athial’s Hitler and the Decline of Shah Dynasty to prove that the author reimagines and rewrites official history in his novel with combination and blurring of fact and fiction. It is studied from theoretical parameters of historiographic metafiction. Through an amalgamation of fact and fiction, the novel challenges the traditional version of the official history of Nepal and Germany. The subjectivity inherent in historiographic narratives is further explored through Athial’s representation of historical character Hitler in the novel. The presence of major characters creates confusion about the nature of the novel as a work of fiction or as historiographic account. Through the use of irony and supernatural elements, Hitler and the Decline of Shah Dynasty becomes a parody of historiographic narratives which claim to be objective. The blurring of the boundaries between fiction and history and constructedness of history through discourse is the main idea in this paper. The writer imitates the genre of the historical novel but reveals its limitations and corresponds to what Linda Hutcheon calls historiographic metafiction. The novel mines the elements of the then history of Hitler, Germany, and Nepalese Shah Dynasty with the personal history of the author to revise and redefine the official version of history. This revisiting of mainstream history helps to establish the notion of plurality of historical accounts and a rejection of objectivity in historical writings. This novel has metafictional mode of writing, and the author represents metafictional parody in which historical incidents are repeated with a difference to show that history is discourse and is always open to interpretation.
Effect of legume and grazing intensity on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stock in Himalayan rangeland
Authors: Limbu Dil Kumar , Koirala Madan , Shang Zhanhuan
Published: January 2021

Organic carbon and total nitrogen are important components of global carbon and nitrogen cycle in rangeland ecology.Objective of this study is to identify and quantify the present status of carbon and nitrogen pool in Himalayan rangeland and to make recommendations for enhancing carbon and nitrogen storage for rangeland management. To meet the aforementioned objectives, the field study was conducted in 2011 -2013. The study showed that soil organic carbon was highest in legume seeding sub-plot in top soil (28.53 ± 2.6) t/ha of heavily grazed area. Similarly, total nitrogen was highest in bottom soil (2.81 ± 0.16) t/ha in legume seeding sub-plot of enclosed un-grazed area. Usually, heavily grazed and legume seeding sub-plots had more soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentration compared to others. The value of above ground biomass was in increasing trend with decreasing grazing intensity but for below ground biomass, it was just the reverse. On the basis of the results of this study, the grazing intensity is positively correlated with above ground and below ground biomass and soil organic carbon but no correlation with soil total nitrogen and soil bulk density.
Voice mimicry exhibited by Grey-sided Laughingthrush Garrulax caerulatus (Hodgson, 1836) in Phulchoki Mountain, an important bird area, central Nepal
Authors: Baral Hem Sagar
Published: January 2021

This paper informs Grey-sided Laughingthrush voice mimicking behaviour recorded at different places and different situations within thick forests, similar to other voice mimicking bird species.
Neumonía por aspiración
Authors: Arias Villalobos Luis Fernando , Peláez Echavarría Daniela , Méndez Solís Gloriana
Published: January 2021

La neumonía por aspiración hace referencia a las consecuencias pulmonares ocasionadas por la entrada anormal de líquido, sustancias exógenas en partículas o secreciones endógenas en las vías respiratorias inferiores y, la microaspiración es una característica esencial. Representa casi una sexta parte de los casos de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad que ameritan hospitalización. Los síndromes clínicos con mayor frecuencia y mejor estudiados son neumonitis química, infección bacteriana y obstrucción de las vías respiratorias. La sintomatología abarca un amplio rango que va desde la ausencia de síntomas hasta la insuficiencia respiratoria, además no existe una definición universal, un sistema de calificación de riesgo o un conjunto de criterios diagnósticos específicos. El diagnóstico se basa en una historia clínica con características clínicas de neumonía típica o atípica, apoyada en hallazgos compatibles en la radiografía de tórax u otros estudios de imagen. El tratamiento se basa en medidas de soporte al paciente, aspiración de contenido gástrico y restos en vía aérea, se puede complementar con antibióticos en caso de coincidir con clínica bacteriana, siempre individualizando el origen de la infección ya sea comunitaria o nosocomial y guiados por resultados de muestras microbiológicas. Existen algunas medidas que se han utilizado para ayudar a prevenir la neumonía por aspiración.
Insulinización práctica en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Blanco Naranjo Erick Gerardo , Chavarría Campos Gary Felipe , Garita Fallas Yorlin María
Published: January 2021

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 se caracteriza por ser una enfermedad crónica de naturaleza progresiva, con un estado de hiperglicemia y grados variables de deficiencia y resistencia a la insulina. En esta patología la educación y el apoyo para el autocontrol de la diabetes son críticos para prevenir complicaciones agudas y reducir el riesgo de complicaciones a largo plazo. La terapia de insulinización ha demostrado ser un auxilio eficaz para mejorar la calidad de vida de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y evitar complicaciones. Existen dos grandes grupos de insulinas que son las insulinas humanas y los análogos de insulina; la primera, ha demostrado ser una opción efectiva y menos costosa, por esta razón los médicos deben estar familiarizados con su uso. Se pueden utilizar diversos esquemas para la insulinización, el esquema basal es el que ha demostrado mayor reducción de los niveles glicémicos y menor riesgo de hipoglicemia; además, es sencillo lo que facilita la adherencia de los pacientes al tratamiento.
Screening for thalassaemia among group of students of a higher institution – our experience
Authors: AT Norlelawati , M Siti Hadijah , H Siti Nor Haiza , I Rusmawati , MS Salman , J Abdul Wahab , M Naznin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder and is a significant public health alarm in Malaysia with many not knowing they are carriers of this haemoglobin disorders.  Materials and methods: This study conducted a one off collection of blood samples from 72 Malays students of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) in Kuantan.  Blood samples were subjected to conventional haemoglobin analyses that include full blood count and picture, HPLC, Haemoglobin electrophoresis and H-inclusion test. All samples were also genotyped for alpha thalassaemia–1 of Southeast Asia (a-Thal1SEA).  Result: There were 17(23.6%) students who were diagnosed as thalassaemia carriers.  Out of this, four (5.5 %) and six (8.3 %) students were presumptive β-thalassaemia trait and Haemoglobin-E trait as determined by the HPLC assay respectively.  Nine (12.5%) students were genotyped a-Thal1SEA among whom two were also β-thalassaemia carriers.  All thalassaemia cases had MCH of < 27pg.  Nonetheless, two out of six Haemoglobin-E trait and three out of nine a-Thal1SEA carrier had MCV value of >80fL. Two out of four (50%) presumptive β -thalassaemia trait and one out of six (17%) students of presumptive Haemoglobin-E trait had family history of thalassaemia respectively. Conclusion: The high occurrence of the three common types of thalassaemia carrier (β, Hb-E and a-Thal1SEA thalassaemia) in our small group of subjects could be due to better participation of students who had family history of thalassaemia.  The study reaffirmed the importance of molecular study for detection of alpha-thalassaemia and the use of MCH value of <27pg rather than MCV value of < 80fL for prediction of thalassaemia.
Mondor’s Disease
Authors: CM Siti Kamariah , SC Humairah
Published: January 2021

A Mondor’s disease is a rare, benign and self-limiting condition. It is due to thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the breast and chest wall. It usually occurs in middle-aged women who present with a palpable cordlike structure, often painful in the acute phase. The aetiology is unknown, and may be related to trauma, surgery, infection or tight clothing. The finding of a superficial vessel seen as a linear opacity on mammography and a tubular structure on ultrasound is typical. An intra-luminal thrombus may be seen on ultrasound, and there may be absent flow on Doppler imaging. Conservative treatment is usually instituted, although surgery may be indicated in certain circumstances.
Perceptions and Barriers of Hands Hygiene Practice among Medical Science Students in a Medical School in Malaysia
Authors: RA Al-Naggar , K Al-Jashamy
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Hand hygiene is the single, most critical measure for reducing the risk of transmitting organisms to patients and health care providers. To our knowledge, none of such study on Malaysian university student exists in the literature. Therefore, the objective was to explore the perceptions and barriers of hand's hygiene practice among university students. Methods: Focus group discussion conducted in January-2010 among 40 medical science students from Management and Science University (MSU). Simple random sampling was used, and the ethics were obtained from participants. The students were divided into five focus groups; the number of each group ranged between 8-10 members. The data obtained were classified into various categories, and the data was analyzed manually. Results: The majority of the participants mentioned that they frequently washed their hands using soap. Some of the participants washed the hands only with plain water. However, the majority of the participants mentioned that the laziness was their main barrier of frequent hand washing, followed by lack of nearby water supply and then the feeling that their hands are not dirty enough to be infected. The majority of the participants agreed that hand washing is clinically significant in reducing the spread of infectious diseases; some of them disagreed. The Majority of the participants knew the hand washing technique in the university. Conclusion: Medical science students still have some misconception and negative attitude towards hand hygiene practice. Multidisciplinary strategies needed to improve hand hygiene among students.
Tear Proteomics in Young Malays with Dry Eyes
Authors: B Mohd Ali , DKC Nguan , I Bashirah , KM Chan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Changes in tear protein concentrations may reflect ocular surface health. This study analyzes changes in tear protein concentrations of young Malays with dry eye (DE) and determines its association with the clinical findings. Methods: Subjects were screened using McMonnies questionnaire (MDEQ) and flourescein tear break up time (TBUT). Total tear protein concentration (TTPC) was determined using Bradford's technique and specific tear protein (sIgA, lysozyme, lactoferrin and human serum albumin (HSA)) concentrations were determined using SDS-PAGE. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to compare means between groups. Spearman correlation was used to determine the association between variables measured. Results: A total of 42 subjects (21 DE and 21 NDE) were included. Mean MDEQ score for DE was 16.00±1.48 and NDE was 8.47±3.47. Mean TBUT for DE was 3.47±0.47s and NDE was 4.98±0.43s. Mean TTPC for DE and NDE was 9.84±2.40mg/ml and 8.96±1.84mg/ml respectively. Mean sIgA, lysozyme, lactoferrin and HSA for DE was 0.54±0.10mg/ml, 1.68±0.17mg/ml, 1.47±0.25mg/ml, 0.06±0.03mg/ml and for NDE was 0.57±0.09mg/ ml, 2.04±0.19mg/ml, 1.75±0.23mg/ml, 0.06±0.03mg/ml accordingly. Significant differences were noted in MDEQ score (p=0.01), TBUT (p=0.01), lactoferrin (p=0.01) and lysozyme (p=0.01) but not in TTPC (p=0.19), HSA (p=0.74) and sIgA (p=0.24) between groups. Significant correlations were noted between TBUT with lactoferrin (r=0.02, p=0.02) and lysozyme (r=0.63, p=0.01) and between MDEQ score with lactoferrin (r=-0.34, p=0.02) and lysozyme (r=-0.64, p=0.01). Conclusions: There are changes in specific tear protein in dry eye patients, which correlate well with clinical results. Tear protein analysis may play an important role in the diagnosis of the dry eye.
Neonatal Clavicle Fracture: A Review of Fourteen Cases in East Coast Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: MS Awang , AH Abdul Razak , A Che Ahmad , R Mohd Rus
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to identify the incidence of clavicle fractures in newborn associated with fetal, maternal and process of deliveries in Kuantan General Hospital from June 2012 until January 2014. This study is to determine epidemiological data of clavicle fractures, maternal and baby risk factors associated with clavicle fractures of newborn and its’ outcome. Methods: This is a prospective study. 13 patients were identified to fulfill the inclusion criteria of the study. The data of sociodemographic, associated fetal and maternal risk factors and the outcomes were recorded using proforma. The statistical data analysis was done using SPSS 12.0. Results: Out of 20,257 live births at our centre during the study period, 13 infants were diagnosed to have clavicle fractures, giving an incidence of 0.64 per 1000 live births. There were 5 (38.5%) left, 7 (53.8%) right and one (7.7%) bilateral fracture. All fractures located at the mid shaft of the clavicle and none have associated brachial plexus injuries. All infants were delivered through vaginal delivery (61.5%); five through assisted delivery (instrumental); 2 (15.4%) forcep and 3 (23.1%) vacuum. Two of the babies developed shoulder dystocia. The average birth weight was 3371 grams (SD 0.269) and mean gestational age was 38.7 weeks (SD 1.16). Five of the mothers (38.5%) were primigravida and eight (61.5%) were multigravida in which,7 (53.8%)were healthy without other co-morbidty, 5 (38.5%) having gestational diabetis and one (7.7%) hypertension. The average maternal weight was 62.0 kg and height 1.58 metres with average BMI of 24.16 (3.29SD). All eventually had a complete recovery at 6 weeks with clinical and radiological evident of fracture union. Conclusions: In conclusion, all patients with clavicle fractures were found following vaginal delivery. There were no associations between neonatal clavicle fractures with maternal or baby risk factors. All fractures healed without any complications.
FMA (Noise) 1989 to OSHA (Noise) 2019 – Is it Worth the Wait?
Authors: Razali Ailin
Published: January 2021

Occupational health practitioners in our country were heartened following the gazettement of the new regulation with regard to occupational noise exposure in alignment with the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA 1994) by the Attorney General’s Chamber in early June this year.
Single-Staged Transoral Intra-Lesional Excision of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Axis (C2) Vertebra and Temporary Stabilization of Upper Cervical Spine in an Adolescent: A Case Report
Authors: ES Khan , AW Hazwan , MA Sharifudin , J Ramos , A Pingel , F Kandziora
Published: January 2021

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) infrequently occurs within the upper cervical vertebrae. Various therapeutic options have been reported in the literature. We would like to share our experience in managing a case of a 16-year-old girl diagnosed with ABC at the body of axis (C2) vertebra. Serious attention had to be given on the stability of the cervical spine following tumour resection, which can be affected by the mode of treatment chosen. Instability can have a detrimental effect on the cervical spine, in which case may necessitate further surgery. We performed a single-staged intra-lesional curettage via a transoral approach and temporary non-fusion posterior stabilization of C1 lateral mass screw and C2 pedicle screw. The implants were removed after six months once ossification of C2 has taken place to regain full motion of the neck. There was no evidence of recurrence or instability of the cervical spine three years following surgery.
Posterior Restoration Selection Among General Dental Practices in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Abdul Aziz Abdul Azim Asy , Ahmad Aimi Amalina , Jaafar Azlan , Mohammad Norazlina , AlKadhim Aws H Ali
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Tooth restoration is a common, routine procedure among dentists but still has its own difficulties especially for posterior teeth. As it is a straightforward procedure, some dentists are not aware of the difficulties that may contribute in reducing the longevity of the filling. The aim of the study is to determine the difficulties encountered during and after placement of restorative materials in deep cavities. Materials and methods: Standardized questionnaires were divided randomly among general private dental practitioners in Kuala Lumpur. Chi-square test was used to determine any significant factors associated with difficulties of material placement. Results: This study showed that the most frequent difficulties encountered among practitioners were to obtain good moisture control (39.0%). No significant association was found between obtaining good moisture control and year of clinical experience (p= 0.286) and also place of graduation with the manipulation of the materials (p= 0.542). Conclusion: Dental practitioners claimed that it was difficult to obtain good moisture control in placement of posterior restoration. Thus, it is an obligation of dental practitioners to practice proper isolation and good manipulation of materials on posterior restoration.
The Impacts of Climate Variability on Cholera Cases in Malaysia
Authors: NA Hassan , JH Hashim , SE Wan Puteh , WR Wan Mahiyuddin , MS Faisal
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Altered weather patterns and changes in precipitation, temperature and humidity resulting from climate change could affect the distribution and incidence of cholera. This study is to quantify climate-induced increase in morbidity rates of cholera. Material and Methods: Monthly cholera cases and monthly temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity data from 2004 to 2014 were obtained from the Malaysian Ministry of Health and Malaysian Meteorological Department, respectively. Poisson generalized linear models were developed to quantify the relationship between meteorological parameters and the number of reported cholera cases. Results: The findings revealed that the total number of cholera cases in Malaysia during the 11 year study period was 3841 cases with 32 deaths. Out of these, 45.1% of the cases were among children below 12 years old and 75% of the cases were from Sabah. Temperature and precipitation gave significant impact on the cholera cases in Sabah, (p<0.001) while precipitation were significant in Terengganu (p<0.001), and Sarawak (p=0.013). Monthly lag temperature data at Lag 0, 1, and 2 months were associated with the cholera cases in Sabah (p<0.001). The change in odds of having cholera cases were by the factor of 3.5 for every 1ºC increase in temperature. However, the contribution of rainfall was very mild, whereby an increase of 1 mm in precipitation will increase the excess risk of cholera by up to 0.8%. Conclusion: This study concludes that climate does influence the number of cholera cases in Malaysia.
Outpatient Error in Perception of Medication; is it a Miscommunication Problem?
Authors: J Zainah , I Marina , A Asrina , M Kanmani , A Asma’
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The NCC for Medication Error defines it as any preventable event that may lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in control of the healthcare professionals, patients or consumers. The annual cost of drug related morbidity and mortality is US $177 billion in America. The FDA states that one death per day and 1.3 million people were injured yearly due to medication error. The objectives of this study were to comply with patients’ safety goals, to achieve zero medication error and to ensure compliance among outpatients.Materials and Methods: All outpatients’ prescriptions were analyzed prospectively from January to December 2009. The data were categorized according to incomplete prescription, inappropriate drug regimen, illegibility and wrong administration to patients. We introduced a coloured labeling system to improve patient understanding of medication administration routes and frequency. Results: Data analysis between January and May 2009 showed medication error in outpatients was high. By doing root-cause analysis, we identified the main cause of medication error was miscommunication between pharmacist and outpatients. To correct this error, visual reinforcement on the routes of administration was done to enable patients to better understand the right administration of medications. From June to October 2009 post implementation showed reduction of medication error from 1.34% to 0.82%. Zero medication error was achieved in the last two months. Feedback from patients revealed that 88.2% agreed poor labeling was the main cause of wrong administration of drugs at home. Conclusion: Although studies had been done on inpatient medication errors, we had no data over outpatients’ prescription trends. Although this study was simple, yet by creating multi-colored labels which were user friendly we have shown that outpatients’ medication error can be rectified.
Severe Oro-laryngeal Thrush Following Excessive Use of Steroid Inhaler
Authors: MB Marina , R Ramli , SHA Primuharsa Putra
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Inhaled steroids such as fluticasone propionate and beclomethasone dipropionate play an important role in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Its usage facilitates disease control in asthmatic patients, resulting in improved quality of life. Because of its benefit, the inhaled steroid is used extensively, at higher doses and for longer duration. However, the localized effects of inhaled corticosteroids on oral/laryngeal mucosa, such as fungal infections can be problematic. Case Report: We report a case of oropharyngeal and laryngeal candidiasis following a long period and high doses of inhaled steroid in a 42-year-old male. He presented with a complaint of increasing tiredness, phlegm, intermittent wheezing and hoarseness for 2-3 months. There was no weight loss or loss of appetite. He has been using inhaled steroids and long acting bronchodilators in increasing doses for his claimed ‘wheezing’ despite the negative history of asthma. The inhaled steroids were fluticasone dipropionate at doses of 500-100 mcg daily for 2-3 months. Results: Examination revealed widespread oral thrush involving the oral cavity, oropharynx and larynx. There was no cushingoid habitus. His muscle power was of 5/5 bilaterally and his lungs were clear. Lung function and chest film were also normal. The steroid was stopped immediately and flucanozole and nystatin syrup were prescribed. The patient made an uneventful and complete recovery. Conclusion: We conclude that patients on inhaled corticosteroids should be monitored for local side effects. Physicians should be aware not only of the systemic but also of the local side effects of inhaled corticosteroids. Patients may increase doses without the knowledge of their physicians and subsequently suffer the adverse effects either local or systemic.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Implication for Therapy
Authors: AP Jeanne
Published: January 2021

A growing body of evidence supports the role of infl ammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, the supposed initiation factors of atherogenesis are infection and change in shear stress on certain location, leading to attachment of LDL and subsequent oxidation. The pathway activated are the NFkB and TGFβ leading to endothelial dysfunction and production of infl ammatory cytokines and adhesion factors followed by recruitment of infl ammatory cells to the site, oxLDL internalization and foam cell formation in the fatty streak that later develop into atherosclerotic plaque. Further, p53signaling causes apoptosis leading to plaque rupture, platelet activation and aggregation ending in clinical manifestations. Moreover, numerous individual risk factors might aggravate the condition, and the progress might take decades depending on the balance of pro and anti atherogenic factors. Therefore, management of atherosclerosis addressing the individual risk factors using drugs with various properties coping with the molecular basis especially infl ammation is beneficial.
Fungsi Bahasa pada Wacana Berasan Etnik Rejang di Kabupaten Lebong
Authors: Yunus Mahmud , Wardhana Dian Eka Chandra , Sarwono Sarwit
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan fungsi bahasa dalam prosesi Berasan pada etnik Rejang di Kabupaten Lebong. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode analisis isi kualitatif. Data utama penelitian berupa teks lisan Berasan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data dengan cara memaknai isi komunikasi, baik secara teks maupun konteks, membaca simbol-simbol, dan memaknai isi interaksi simbolis yang terjadi dalam komunikasi. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber data dan member check. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adat Berasan etnik Rejang di Desa Bioa Sengok, Kecamatan Rimbo Pengadang, Kabupaten Lebong didomiansi fungsi referensial terdapat 67,74 % sedangkan fungsi direktif dan fatik merupakan fungsi pelengkap masing-masing 25,80% dan 6,43 %. Fungsi yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap acara Berasan yaitu fungsi direktif sehingga terjalin kesepakatan kedua calon pengantin dalam melaksanakan pernikahan. Walaupun sebenarnya, acara Berasan ini merupakan acara formalitas adat karena kesepakatan sudah dibicarakan oleh kedua belah pihak terutama calon pengantin laki-laki dengan calon pengantin perempuan sebelum acara Berasan dilaksanakan.
Digital Fluency and the Construction of Pedagogical Strategies for Distance Learning
Authors: Akazaki Jacqueline Mayumi , Poegere Ester Morsoletto , Sigal Carla Bueno , Machado Leticia Rocha , Silva Ketia Kellen Araújo da , Behar Patricia Alejandra
Published: January 2021

The objective of the study is to identify Pedagogical Strategies (PS) that can contribute to the construction of Digital Fluency in the Distance Learning (DL) context. Technological changes in society include their own set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes called Digital Competences (DC). Specifically, in distance learning, digital fluency is considered paramount since it is related to the use of technologies where the subject feels digitally active, especially with regard to the production of content/materials for the virtual environment. This can be divided into five specific competences: Content Production, Data Protection, Networking, Virtual Resilience, and Teamwork. Thus, PS were created from the analysis of competences in order to assist the instructors to build them with their students in the DL environment. This study used a qualitative methodology based on an interpretative approach. The instrument used for data collection was an online questionnaire evaluating the Pedagogical Strategies for the Digital Fluency Competence. The target audience of the research was 90 specialists in the area of ​​distance learning who responded and suggested changes to the PS. The results enabled the development of a framework with 46 Pedagogical Strategies divided into the 5 specific competences of Digital Fluency to aid teachers in meeting students’ needs.
Assessment of Access of Reading Resources in Bolstering Extensive Reading Habits and Composition Writing Skills in Secondary Schools in Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Francis G.
Published: January 2021

Reading resources in schools can help in inculcating the reading culture and reading proficiency amongst students. This may help learners develop rational skills that are crucial in dealing with the current unpredictable and dynamic world. There has been a concern from educationist and researchers about the declining reading interest among secondary school learners in Kenya and one of the causes could be unavailability of reading resources amongst other determiners. This study was prompted by the lack of adequate reading resources that can bolster and sustain reading interest among secondary schools learners in Laikipia County in Kenya. The study therefore sought to establish whether there existed any relationship between availability and access of extensive reading resources and development of extensive reading habits evidenced in composition writing amongst learners. The study was guided by Piaget's (1952)) Schema Theory. The study used descriptive survey research design. Fifteen secondary schools in Laikipia County were sampled using proportional stratified sampling technique in five sub-counties across the county. Purposive sampling was used to sample 30 out of 80 (37.5%) teachers of English language. A Simple random sampling technique was used to sample 327 students out of appproximately 2670 students (12.24%) in form 2 and 3 in the County. The research instruments used for data collection included: questionnaire for students, interview guides for teachers and composition writing test. A pilot study of the instruments was done to ensure their validity and reliability in a co-educational secondary school in the neighbouring county that was not involved in the study. The reliability of the questionnaire and interview guide was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient as 0.871 which met the recommended threshold of 0.7 and above. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics such as frequency, tables and percentages. T-test was done at 95% confidence level (F(2) = 80.933, P = .001) to establish whether there was statistically significance difference between availability of reading resources and development of extensive reading habits captured in composition writing mean scores of different categories of school using (SPSS) version 17. Qualitative data were organized according to the study themes and presented descriptively on the basis of the study objective. It was established that learners in secondary schools with adequate extensive reading resources performed better in composition writing than those who did not. Therefore, it was established that inadequate supply of reading resources in schools had a negative impact on development of reading interest amongst learners. The study recommended that schools should collaborate with various stakeholders to solicit reading resources so as to promote access of reading materials and reading culture in schools and consequently improve learners’ composition writing skills.
Identification of phenolic compounds and their relationship to the natural resistance of wood from Dipteryx polyphylla Huber and Acacia mangium Willd
Authors: De Melo Loretta Ennes Sabóia , Silva Jhonis Bentes , Do Nascimento Claudete Catanhede , Ferreira Antonio Gilberto , Lima Maria da Paz
Published: January 2021

Flavonoids are the phenolic compounds that are predominant in the Fabaceae family, and isoflavonoids are especially recognized for their contribution to the natural resistance of wood from species of this family. Herein, we investigated the phenolic compounds from extracts of wood residues from the Fabaceae species Dipteryx polyphylla Huber and Acacia mangium Willd. A phytochemical study of D. polyphylla led to isolation and identification of isoflavans such as 3’,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-isoflavan (1), 2’,8-dihydroxy-4’,7-dimethoxy-isoflavan (2), 2’,7-dihydroxy-4’-methoxyisoflavan (3) and 3’,8-dihydroxy-4’,7-dimethoxy isoflavan (4). Compounds 1 and 4 are new findings. A. mangium gave monocyclic phenolics, such as ferulic acid (6), methylparaben (7) and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (8); flavonol melatoxetin (9) as well as fatty acid esters of spinasterol (5). The phenolic compounds that were identified contribute to the knowledge regarding the natural resistance of its woods, thus aggregating value for solid residues and plantation species recommended for reforestation
Lavender as treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Nedel Sheila , Branco Jerônimo , Boeck Carina , Ferreira Ourique Aline
Published: January 2021

Neurodegenerative diseases affect the grey matter of the brain and secondarily the functions related to the white matter, with aging being one of the main responsible for their development. Among neurodegenerative diseases, dementia stands out, which has been considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health priority since 2012 due to its high prevalence. It is believed that degeneration of the cholinergic system in the hippocampus and cortex is closely related to cognitive deficits in dementia. Among the forms of treatment for dementia, aromatherapy stands out, which is part of phytotherapy and uses extracts and essential oils extracted from different organs of aromatic plants, and frequently administered via inhalation or topical application. Lavender is one of these plants and has traditionally been used to treat memory dysfunction. Thus, the present study sought to verify in the literature research using Lavandula as a form of treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease. The search for the studies took place in January 2020, in the electronic database Web of Science. 42 articles were found, of which 13 adequately met the inclusion criteria. It can be concluded with this review, that both the extract and the essential oil of different lavender species have positive influences on memory formation, as well as on the improvement of cognitive function, especially in patients with Alzheimer's disease.