bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training Occupational Therapy Helpers in Behaviour Therapy
Authors: Milne Derek
Published: April 2015

An introductory course in behaviour therapy is described, and results presented for a group of seven occupational therapy helpers. The findings provided clear evidence that the helpers could readily acquire knowledge and skills in behaviour therapy. This was then applied with their psychiatric rehabilitation patients on the wards of a large NHS hospital, with good clinical results.
Electromyography: Potential Use in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Hamilton Ann M
Published: April 2015

EMG biofeedback is a rapidly developing field of treatment being used for an ever-increasing range of medical conditions. Many researchers have documented the effectiveness or noneffectiveness of this treatment modality. This article describes the clinical usefulness of EMG biofeedback training from an occupational therapist's point of view. Two clinical case studies are documented and recommendations are made.
Does an Artificial Limb Become Part of the User?
Authors: Fraser Carole
Published: April 2015

This paper describes movement patterns observed in a proficient user of an artificial limb. The movement of the artificial limb is compared with that of the normal limb. Information from the psychological literature on motor skills is used to interpret the observations made. The application of the results to the training of users of artificial limbs is discussed.
The William Lyne Rehabilitation and Retraining Unit Education Team
Authors: Pattison Marilyn , Moore Lynn
Published: April 2015

This article gives the philosophy behind the formation of the Education Team in a geriatric service and lists its specific objectives. The latter include the development and evaluation of educational programmes, the establishment of an information centre, clinical teaching, the orientation of new staff and in-service training, an advisory service, and the evaluation of equipment. The elderly population in this region is already higher than the national average and the team promotes positive attitudes in their care. The authors consider that the role and workload of the team will' continue to expand in the foreseeable future.
The Use of Formal Research Issues Informal Finding Out
Authors: Abraham Brian
Published: April 2015

This article is about a project carried out at the end of the third year of the Diploma in Occupational Therapy course at Newcastle upon Tyne Polytechnic. Limited by space, time and especially knowledge, the theorizing cannot be more than a superficial sketch. Most of the theory is based on sociology lectures and some ergonomics lectures received during the course. The issue involved was how the role of the occupational therapist varied in different local authorities and the article concludes that even in informal finding out the formal issues of research come to bear.
The Mobile Bench
Authors: Martin Gillian D
Published: April 2015

This article describes a new piece of equipment which is designed to aid the restoration of normal movement patterns through activity. The mobile bench enables sitting activities for hemiplegic and other patients to become more dynamic, and allows the therapist to sense fluctuations in body tone while facilitating returning function. It is hoped that a similar version can be produced on a commercial basis.
Physical Hand Function of the Child with Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele
Authors: Hamilton Ann M , Shah Surya K
Published: April 2015

Hand dysfunction has been reported to be present in myelomeningocele children, yet the type, extent, and cause of such dysfunction have remained unclear. This study was undertaken to discover whether motor dysfunction was present in the upper limbs of children with the diagnosis spina bifida myelomeningocele with lesions below the spinal level T4. Tests of manual muscle strength and grip strength indicated that spina bifida children have inferior motor function when compared with a control group of individually matched normal children. When the spina bifida group was divided on the basis of presence or absence of hydrocephalus it was apparent that the hydrocephalic children had poorer muscle power. The non-hydrocephalic children, however, did not have normal motor function. Thus the level of the lesion, and the presence of hydrocephalus, could not be identified as the prime cause of hand dysfunction discovered in the sample studied.
The Need for Occupational Therapists in Geriatric Nursing Homes
Authors: Rodger Sylvia
Published: April 2015

This article aims to highlight the contribution occupational therapists can make to comprehensive geriatric care. It emphasizes how the philosophy of the profession, as well as the training graduates receive, equip occupational therapists to aid in the maintenance of health and well-being in elderly patients. The specific skills occupational therapists possess which enable them to make a unique contribution to geriatric treatment teams are detailed.
Self-Care and Independence Training for Physically Handicapped Pupils
Authors: Male Judith
Published: April 2015

This paper argues that self-care and independence training should have greater prominence within the curriculum of special schools. It advocates coordinated approaches in this area by those working with physically handicapped children and stresses the long-term importance of self-care and independence skills.
The Bobath Approach and its Application in Occupational Therapy for Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Hong Chia Swee
Published: April 2015

Each paediatric occupational therapist brings to the field his or her life and clinical experiences and theoretical frameworks. Since completing the Bobath course in London in 1981, the author's approach to the assessment and management of children with movement problems is based on the neurodevelopmental approach (and, if appropriate, the sensory and perceptual motor and behavioural approaches). This article outlines the Bobath approach and its application in occupational therapy for children with cerebral palsy, and finally reviews the approach based on the author's experience and from selected literature.
Smoking and Comprehension of the Health Risks
Authors: Sainty Mandy
Published: April 2015

This article is based on a student project which sought to investigate whether members of the medical/paramedical profession smoked less than the general public because of their greater comprehension of the risks involved, and whether there was a variation between the physically and psychiatrically based members of the profession. The questionnaire was designed around health risks and social attitudes to smoking. The hypothesis was disproved, and the psychiatrically based group was found to contain a greater percentage of smokers. Despite knowledge of the dangers, people continued to smoke.
Adapted Printing: A Survey of its Use and Application
Authors: Stevens Sarah , Simms Jennifer , Jones Lesley , Rees Colin
Published: April 2015

This article describes a third-year research project aimed at establishing whether adapted printing is an appropriate and acceptable form of therapy in occupational therapy departments. It was found that although adaptations to printing presses are available in many departments, staff have mixed views on their application. Schools of occupational therapy were found to have more positive views, but again some reservations were expressed. Finally, a short piece of action research was undertaken to establish patients' views on adapted printing and to identify possible constraints to its use. It is suggested that adapted printing is undervalued and underused, and a number of recommendations to increase its acceptability are made.
The BBC Microcomputer for Therapy of Intellectual Impairment following Acquired Brain Damage
Authors: Johnson Roger , Garvie Corinne
Published: April 2015

This paper describes some of the problems a brain-damaged person may have in using a microcomputer. The implications of these for the content of programs together with observations about the design of therapy for cognitive impairment are discussed.
Relaxation Training Techniques — A Review Part Two: How Effective is Relaxation Training?
Authors: Keable Diana
Published: April 2015

This article is part two of a literature review of relaxation training techniques. Part one presented descriptions of the major relaxation training techniques, and part two deals with their evaluation. Firstly, the general limitations and difficulties affecting research studies on the effectiveness of relaxation training methods are discussed. Secondly, brief critical appraisals of some examples of outcome studies on different relaxation training techniques are given, together with comments on their clinical application.
Social Activity Groups with Chronic Schizophrenics: The Influence of the Therapist's Behaviour
Authors: Turvey Anthony A , Main Chris J , McCartney Anne
Published: April 2015

The behaviour of the therapist may play an important part in determining the amount and type of speech observed during activity therapy. In this study, one aspect of the therapist's behaviour (prompting) was systematically altered and resulted in specific changes in the patients' speech to each other and to the therapist.
Motivation in Learning Disabled Children
Authors: Kelly Greg
Published: April 2015

It is generally thought that children with learning disabilities are poorly motivated to learn. However, the reasons usually given are very vague and the causes are, more often than not, attributed to symptoms of learning disability such as ‘hyperactivity’ and ‘short attention span’. This article proposes that such symptoms may be misleading in the search for the true causes of learning disability and that lack of motivation may be the result of the education system rather than an inherent fault in the child himself. Methods of dealing with motivational problems using social, environmental and physiological approaches are outlined.
Skiing in Austria? We Did That!
Authors: Palmer Irene , Creer J
Published: April 2015

This article evaluates a winter sports holiday project undertaken by a group of six patients who were supervised by an occupational therapist, a clinical assistant and a ski instructor from a younger disabled unit at Clatterbridge Hospital, Merseyside. It describes the planning and preparation, the selection of patients, the successes and problems, and the values both staff and patients gained from the trip.
Distribution of Motor Neurone Disease Patients in Occupational Therapy Departments
Authors: Jones Diana Langford , Ramaiah R S
Published: April 2015

In a study to ascertain the distribution of motor neurone disease patients in occupational therapy departments, it was found that care takes place in a variety of settings. Although occupational therapists based in the specialist units were seeing a comparatively larger number of patients, care was also provided in the nonspecialist units as well as in the community-based services. It is suggested that this finding illustrates the need for training occupational therapists in the management of motor neurone disease patients.
Perceptual Disorders in Neurological Disease Part 1
Authors: Bechinger Dorothee , Tallis Raymond
Published: April 2015

Perceptual impairments are an important feature of neurological diseases, especially stroke, but they are poorly understood. This article discusses the difference between sensation and perception, and attempts to define and classify different forms of perceptual disturbance and their functional and behavioural consequences.
British Journal of Occupational Therapy: Composition and Authorship Patterns 1975–1984
Authors: Trevan-Hawke Judith A
Published: April 2015

A 10-year analysis of the British Journal of Occupational Therapy was performed to investigate structural characteristics, authorship patterns and topics of most concern. The results of the survey showed that the journal had increased both in size and in the number of articles published per annum. There was an increase in the use of references from 2.5 to 6.5 per article, and single clinical authors wrote 63% of the articles. The topic of most concern continued to be physical occupational therapy, with the subsequent most popular areas being psychiatry, equipment/aids and teaching subjects.
Process-Centred Art Therapy in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Conroy Ronán M , McDonnell Mairéad , Swinney Joni
Published: April 2015

The authors report on their evolution of inpatient art therapy in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Having begun with an approach based on assigned themes, they later abandoned this in favour of an approach based on the process of painting. The difficulties inherent in the former approach may be fundamentally related to the psychopathology and treatment needs of patients with anorexia.
Bridging the Gap: An Evaluation of the Joint-Funded Occupational Therapy Approach
Authors: Newman Denise
Published: April 2015

In September 1983, a joint-funded occupational therapy post was established as a pilot project by Wandsworth Health Authority and Wandsworth Social Services to bridge the gap between discharge from hospital to resettlement home. In February 1986, a project was undertaken to determine the value of this post in the light of the new community emphasis on health care. This highlighted the importance of the existing service and the need to develop it further through the establishment of five similar posts.
Chronic Pain Management: The Occupational Therapist's Role
Authors: Strong Jenny
Published: April 2015

This paper describes the contribution the occupational therapist makes in improving the quality of life of the patient with chronic benign pain. Working closely with medical specialists, the occupational therapist is able to contribute much towards the rehabilitation of the patient. Occupational therapists are currently providing pain patient services from specialist pain clinics, community centres, general hospitals and private practice settings. The role of the occupational therapist in chronic pain management is highlighted by a case history.
Keeping up with the Journals: The Strange Case of the Disappearing Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
Authors: Kelly Greg
Published: April 2015

The history of the research into the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) and the subsequent changes in methods of evaluation which have resulted from this research are traced from the early 1930s to the present day. This brief overview serves as a reminder that we must constantly re-evaluate our store of knowledge in the light of new evidence if we are to maintain effective and efficient treatment practices. Inevitably, this means reading current journal articles, especially if we are unable to carry out research ourselves.
The Value of off-Road Tests in the Assessment of Driving Potential of Unlicensed Disabled People
Authors: Croft Dinah , Jones Richard D
Published: April 2015

A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of off-road tests in assessing the driving potential of 151 unlicensed disabled people. Assessment was carried out by an occupational therapist and consisted of several off-road tests (vision, reaction timing, computerized preview tracking task and general medical/psychological appraisal) and an on-road test. The mean age of this group was 22.9 years (15–76 years) and the group comprised 84 females and 67 males. Diagnoses covered a wide range but 67% of the group had some form of brain damage. Assessment recommendations were: 57% pass, 37% fail and 5% not assessed. Of the 57 fail recommendations, 7 were unable to meet the legal acuity requirements, 20 had unacceptable reaction times and/or tracking scores, 25 were failed on a combination of marginal and/or subjective off-road criteria and 5 were failed on-road. Quantitative off-road tests have been successful at helping to determine driving potential by means which are objective, systematic and safe.
Legal Aspects of Occupational Therapy: Part 3
Authors: Dimond Bridgit
Published: April 2015

In the final article, health and safety laws are discussed, in relation to both the duty owed by the employer to the occupational therapist and the duty the occupational therapist owes to others. Liability for instructing and supervising others is also considered, as are exceptions to the duty of confidentiality.
Coma Stimulation: A Challenge to Occupational Therapy
Authors: Johnson David A , Roethig-Johnston Karen
Published: April 2015

Sensory stimulation of the severely head injured patient in coma is a controversial topic. There are sound theoretical and experimental bases which suggest the potential importance of stimulation in the acute stage after injury. In the continued absence of any efficacious treatment to improve outcome, the authors consider that it is time to try more diverse approaches to helping the severely head injured patient. Occupational therapists are in a unique position to pursue this goal.
‘Physical Disability in 1986 and Beyond’: A Review of the RCP Report
Authors: Clarke A K
Published: April 2015

Successive official reports on rehabilitation and helping disabled people have been welcomed and then ignored. The Royal College of Physicians Report, however, appears to have been published at a time when public and professional opinion is in favour of developing services of this sort. A number of health authorities have already started to use the report as the basis for their own services and other changes, including the integration of the Artificial Limb and Appliance Centres (Disablement Service Centres) into the National Health Service, give hope for the future. An important part of the report is the demand for audit and a timetable, which for the first time will enable the monitoring of implementation of the recommendations.
Stroke: The Impact on the Family
Authors: Drummond Avril E R
Published: April 2015

This article reviews the literature on the effect of stroke on the family. Although there is comparatively little information on this particular aspect of cerebrovascular accident, the little there is highlights a depressing problem. The article also looks at ways in which many of the difficulties experienced could be lessened by the services available.
The Provision of an Automatic Calendar on a Stroke Ward: An Example of Single Case Methodology to Evaluate Management Procedures
Authors: Lincoln N B , Edmans J A , Walker M F , Noble T , Addison L
Published: April 2015

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the provision of a large automatic calendar would assist patients' recall of the day and date. Patients admitted to a stroke ward were assessed weekly on four orientation questions. For periods of 6 weeks, an automatic calendar was available in their ward bay. Performance in these 6 weeks was compared with an equivalent period without the calendar. Results indicated that there was no evidence of an overall beneficial effect of providing the calendar.
Upper Limb Replantation: Does the Patient Benefit?
Authors: Garner Ruth
Published: April 2015

Although the operations to reattach amputated limbs are, without doubt, great technical achievements, it could be argued that the patient may be more handicapped, in some instances, with a replanted upper extremity than with an amputation. The literature reviewed in this article indicates that there is no guarantee that a replanted limb will have good functional recovery. However, the evidence is not conclusive that, in the majority of cases, amputation is preferable to replantation.
The Dilemmas of Helping Someone towards Independence: An Experiential Account
Authors: Abraham Brian
Published: April 2015

This article is an account of the dilemmas and difficulties experienced by a community occupational therapist acting as prime worker with a severely disabled young person, in the establishment of a life independent from his parents.
Mental Health Law and the Occupational Therapist
Authors: Dimond Bridgit
Published: April 2015

The occupational therapist is increasingly likely to be concerned with the care of mentally disordered people. Some provisions of the Mental Health Act 1983 affect him/her directly. This article discusses some of the most important provisions of the mental health legislation, in particular compulsory admission, consent to treatment provisions, the duties of the manager to inform the patient and the definition and powers of the nearest relative.
Choosing a Motivation Construct
Authors: Klyczek James P , Gordon Catherine Yanega
Published: April 2015

Motivation is a key concept and concern to occupational therapists; however, no true occupational therapy motivational model exists. Previous studies of motivation by occupational therapists have tended to focus on unidimensional, content theories of motivation, which do not adequately explain this construct. The authors present a review of several major theories of motivation and propose one — Lawler's motivation model — as an appropriate model for guiding occupational therapy practice and research. Based on expectancy theory, this model incorporates many conceptual factors consistent with occupational therapy theories and beliefs.
A Review of the Literature Relating to Video Recording by Doctors and the Reactions of Their Patients
Authors: McGeorge David
Published: April 2015

This article reviews the medical literature on the use of video recording in the general practitioner's consulting room and a psychiatric hospital. Issues are raised relating to article content, methodology, theory, application and ethics. Results indicate that video recording need not affect the consultation and a broad acceptance of video is observed from patients' reactions. When the range of variables is increased in the research design, the attitudes towards video recording are modified.
Assessments of Activities of Daily Living: A Critical Review
Authors: Eakin Pamela
Published: April 2015

Occupational therapists are prolific creators and users of assessments. However, many of us accept an ‘assessment’ form at face value without really considering the reliability or validity of the assessment method. The use of unreliable assessments seriously diminishes the credibility of the profession. Unfortunately, testing assessments for reliability and validity is time consuming. Therefore, it is suggested that occupational therapists make use of the many published assessments, which already provide evidence of their reliability and validity.
Alternative Means of Assessment: A Comparison of Standardised Tests Identifying Minimal Cerebral Dysfunction
Authors: Fairgrieve Elizabeth M
Published: April 2015

Since 1977 in Dundee, children referred to occupational therapy with the diagnosis of minimal cerebral dysfunction have been assessed using the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests. Revision and restandardisation of this test battery with attendant problems prompted the focus of this study. The purpose was to compare the effectiveness of the Test of Motor Impairment (Henderson Revision) and the Aston Index (Revised Version) with that of the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests in identifying the specific difficulties of this group of children, prior to deciding whether current practice should change.
A Long Look at Head Injuries
Authors: London P S
Published: April 2015

Over the last 40 years, improved standards of early care have created a growing population of disabled survivors of severe injuries of the brain. Solutions for this growing problem exist but they can never be complete. There is understandable and justifiable concern about the deficiencies in the long-term care of the victims of severe injury of the brain, who are to some extent the price of success in the management of such injuries during the early stages and so keeping alive brains that cannot recover fully.
Bulimia: A Literature Review
Authors: Martin Joan E
Published: April 2015

This article provides a literature review of bulimia. It examines the condition and its prevalence, features and complications.
Research Methodology Used in Identifying Bulimia
Authors: Martin Joan E
Published: April 2015

The question of bulimia as an illness is discussed. The inclusion of bulimia in the DSM III classification is examined and the problems of the different authors' interpretation of its points are highlighted. The ‘measures’ used in assessing bulimia are reported. The problem of identifying the condition is examined through the use of surveys, sampling, interviews and questionnaires.
Voluntary Work in Rural India
Authors: Desai Fethia Méziou
Published: April 2015

The article describes the experience of the author in treating 18 children with disabilities in Ognaj, a village in the Gujarat State of India, over a 3-month period. It illustrates the rural milieu in which the treatment was given, and the respective attitudes of the parents, local medical officer, school teachers and an unusual village Sarpanch (the municipal head).
The Model of Human Occupation and Occupational Therapy Practice with Elderly Patients Part 2: Application
Authors: Burton Jean E
Published: April 2015

Problems in the accurate assessment of elderly patients are discussed in relation to the variability of this population group and the value that they place on the therapeutic relationship. Some principles of treatment planning based on systems theory, which is integral to the model of human occupation, are summarised. Assessment, treatment planning and the selection of a theory to guide behaviour change are then demonstrated through the case of an elderly male patient who has become dysfunctional following a coronary attack. Finally, a summary of the advantages of using the model of human occupation is presented.
The Odstock Hand Assessment
Authors: Roberts Carole
Published: April 2015

This article attempts to illustrate the application and workings of the Odstock Hand Assessment, which is used to establish the appropriate multidisciplinary intervention and management of the patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.
A Brief Activities of Daily Living (BADL) Measure to Assess Dependency of Psychogeriatric Patients with Change of Location
Authors: Turner A , Humphris G M
Published: April 2015

The effects of environmental change on the dependency levels of a group of psychogeriatric patients were determined by a simple, brief activities of daily living (BADL) measure. The patients were relocated from old wards with very cramped facilities to refurbished wards with a purpose-built day room. The dependency levels were measured by the BADL assessment on five separate occasions to coincide with the ward relocation. Results showed little change overall during the study period, although specific activities were found to vary according to the ward relocation. The BADL measure demonstrated some evidence for validity and good reliability and, from experience gained from its use in this study, may be suitable for repeated administration to assess changes in ward environment, clinical management and the general progress of elderly patients.
Beginning to Look at Why Occupational Therapists Leave the Profession: A Survey Carried Out in Leicestershire
Authors: Greensmith Clare A , Blumfield Maxine A
Published: April 2015

This article describes a postal questionnaire survey carried out within Leicestershire to look at reasons for occupational therapists leaving the profession. It samples the attitudes and opinions of a group of practising occupational therapists, and also includes a smaller sample of non-practising occupational therapists and their perceived reasons for leaving the profession. A profile is given of the occupational therapist who is most likely to leave, which challenges the idea that most occupational therapists leave due to personal reasons. The article discusses ways that staff with children can be encouraged to remain at work and suggests further exploration of other reasons for leaving the profession.
Establishing a Code of Practice for Staff in Contact with HIV Sero-Positive Patients
Authors: Dickinson Eileen
Published: April 2015

This article outlines the steps taken by a special health authority to establish appropriate guidelines on the management of HIV and AIDS patients. Occupational therapy guidelines were consequently established to protect staff from possible infections while minimising any stigma.
Living Skills Centres: A Part of Australia's Community Mental Health Service
Authors: Moss Beverley A
Published: April 2015

Facilities for the training and support of young mentally ill people, particularly those suffering from schizophrenia, in the community are limited or totally lacking in some areas. In New South Wales, Australia, the living skills centres fill that gap in the community mental health services, and over fifty are now in operation.
Assessment of Social Skills, Theoretical Considerations and the Social Skills Model for Paediatric Occupational Therapists
Authors: Bracegirdle Hazel
Published: April 2015

Having looked at the ways in which physical, sensory and cognitive deficits may impede the acquisition of social skills in childhood, the article turns now to consider ways of helping. Methods of assessment are an important first step in social skills training, as in other forms of therapy. The article considers, too, the theoretical ideas which inform both treatment and research. Lastly, it touches on the question of selecting which skills to train, before describing the process of training.
The Role of the Occupational Therapist in HIV Disease and AIDS
Authors: Cusack Louise , Phillips Louise , Singh Surinder
Published: April 2015

This article explores the role of the occupational therapist within the context of HIV disease and AIDS. Following an introductory description of the clinical manifestations of HIV disease, the article describes the multifaceted role of the occupational therapist as a member of the multidisciplinary team at a Central London AIDS Unit.
An Aid for the Management of Shoulder Pain in Hemiplegia
Authors: Egan Jody M
Published: April 2015

This article describes the manufacture and use of a splint jacket which has proved to be of great value in the relief of severe shoulder pain in a hemiplegic person. It may be of use to others with this problem.
The Occupational Therapist as a Counsellor towards Attitude Change in Disability
Authors: Etherington Kim
Published: April 2015

In this second article, consideration is given to the effect of attitudes on the lives of people with disabilities and the process of attitude change, with relevance to the work setting of the occupational therapist working in the community.
Horticultural Therapy: A Growing Concern, Part 2
Authors: Goodban Anne , Goodban Dave
Published: April 2015

Part 2 takes a general look at some useful points which should be taken into account when considering the use of horticultural therapy as an assessment and treatment medium with any client group. The establishment of a horticultural therapy unit as part of the Work Skills Assessment Unit at Bexley Hospital, Kent, is appraised by two case studies and the feedback from several patients.
Bulimia: A Review of the Medical, Behavioural and Psychodynamic Models of Treatment
Authors: Martin Joan E
Published: April 2015

Current treatment approaches for bulimia are reviewed. The use of hospitalisation and drug therapy is examined. The behavioural and psychodynamic models of treatment, including cognitive-behavioural therapy, behaviour therapy, group therapy and family therapy, and counselling and educational approaches are discussed.
Information Resources for Occupational Therapists
Authors: Homer Stephanie , Barber Graeme
Published: April 2015

Due to the increasing pressure on occupational therapists to become more research orientated, there is a need for students and clinicians to be more aware of information resources open to them. This article identifies the main written resources available to therapists in the United Kingdom and suggests practical ways of utilising them. Material covered includes books, journals, information packages, and indexing and abstracting sources.
How to Evaluate an Occupational Therapy Service: A Case Study
Authors: Milne Derek , Learmonth Marjorie
Published: April 2015

The extension of general management throughout the health service and the accompanying emphasis on quality assurance have increased the need for service evaluation. This small case study Illustrates how such evaluation can be undertaken and how It can encompass management changes. A range of evaluative Instruments was administered during 6 months of an occupational therapy service to elderly people in a large psychiatric hospital. The results Indicated that the service was effective and acceptable implications are drawn for the future uses of service evaluation within an occupational therapy service.
Shaking Our Foundations, Part 2: Into the Future
Authors: Green Susie
Published: April 2015

The second article presents the conclusions of a detailed analysis of the relationship between occupational therapists and their helpers. In order to consolidate their insecure status, it could appear that occupational therapists are dedicating themselves to the pursuit of professionalism. This is to compensate for anxiety about their role which causes them to feel threatened by the large group of unqualified workers necessary to help with the job in hand. Their reaction is to emulate the traditional male model with helpers kept firmly in the subordinate role of women, ‘invisible’ in terms of the recognition they receive for their contributions to the work of the occupational therapist Attempts are currently being made to enhance helpers' knowledge and skill in appreciation of their value, but the trained workers would nevertheless appear to be maintaining their dominant position on the assumption that, for them, the way forward inevitably has to be up.
To Bath or Not to Bath? A Joint Initiative to Resolve the Problem of Increasing Demand for Bath Assessments, Part 2
Authors: Porter Joyce , James Fiona
Published: April 2015

The second article examines the process and findings following the operation of the bath clinic as a means of reducing and rationalising bath assessments and decreasing the caseload of the social services occupational therapists. It outlines the way that the clinic has developed, examines the monitoring of the clinic and the alterations made to improve its running and success, and provides an evaluation following continued data collection.
Treatment of Visual Perceptual Deficits after Stroke: Single Case Studies on Four Patients with Right Hemiplegia
Authors: Edmans J A , Lincoln N B
Published: April 2015

The transfer of training approach to the treatment of visual perceptual deficits was evaluated with four right hemiplegic stroke patients, using single-case experimental designs. The results showed little evidence of effective treatment for individual perceptual deficits. Perceptual stimulation alone may have produced some general improvements. The importance of perceptual assessment and the monitoring of progress is discussed.
Mental Practice and its Implications for Occupational Therapists: A Literature Review
Authors: McKenna Kryss T , Tooth Leigh R
Published: April 2015

The efficacy of mental practice in enhancing physical performance is briefly reviewed, and the conditions under which it is optimally employed are discussed. The established use of mental practice in the fields of sport and various aspects of hearth care is highlighted, following which its potential value for occupational therapists working in the area of physical rehabilitation is examined. It is concluded that, although empirical investigation of its relevance is required, mental practice may provide important benefits to individuals when included as an adjunctive treatment strategy in occupational therapy programmes.
Creative Group Work with Confused Elderly People: A Development of Sensory Integration Therapy
Authors: Bryant Wendy
Published: April 2015

This article discusses the problems experienced by an occupational therapist in working with elderly con fused residents on continuing care wards in a psychiatric hospital. An approach based on sensory Integration therapy and object relations theory, developed by the author, is described. Case examples from group work are used to illustrate this approach and evaluation shows the problem areas and successful features.
Occupational Therapy Students' Choice of Gender-Differentiated Activities for Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Bracegirdle Hazel
Published: April 2015

Twenty-six female and seven male first-year occupational therapy students participated in an investigation into the prescription of therapeutic activities for men and women. The data collected, using fictional case studies as response opportunities, supported the experimental hypothesis that students would choose activities for patients on the basis of gender. Subjects tended to select traditional sex-role differentiated activities and their own comments about why this was so were used as a basic for discussion. This article, the last in a series of three, contributes to the debate on sex-role stereotyping, mental health and occupational therapy in psychiatry.
Aids and Adaptations: A New Practice Model, Part 1
Authors: Abraham Brian , Clamp Shan
Published: April 2015

The first part of this article argues that a new practice model is needed for the aids and adaptations area of work, a model which interrelates the responsibilities of the resource provider, the client and the therapist with the view that home is a place of activities. The second part of the article discusses a development in casework which has grown out of the theoretical basis contained in part 1.
Curriculum Planning: A Blank Sheet of Paper
Authors: Ilott Irene
Published: April 2015

This article describes a specific, local curriculum initiative. The process and product of designing a new 4-year, part-time Diploma Course in Occupational Therapy is described in a narrative style. A team of 12 occupational therapists and one educationalist tackled the challenge of constructing a curriculum. The article analyses and reflects upon the unpredictable and creative process of curriculum innovation, within a particular context provided by a clear, collaborative relationship between the purchasers and providers of a vocational training course. The curriculum planners needed to take into consideration the characteristics of adult learners and the requirements of quality assurance and validation as set by national statutory bodies. These provided additional dimensions which contributed to the specific context for this curriculum initiative. The two outcomes of the development year — the product and the course planning team members' evaluation of the process — are also described.
Why a Degree?
Authors: Crofts Felicity
Published: April 2015

Current trends suggest that degree status is desirable for occupational therapists. A survey taken at one month into a multidisciplinary course to convert diplomas to degrees shows that health-care professionals are anxious to improve their personal development. Problems of finance, travel and other practical issues can be overcome, without interfering with work and social commitments.
The Principles and Methods of Capital Charging and Their Value to the Functional Manager
Authors: Wheeler Neil
Published: April 2015

This article looks at the process of capital charging which was introduced into the National Health Service in April 1991 and becomes ‘real’ from April 1992. Examination is made of the purpose of the exercise, the mechanism of charging and the likely benefits.
The Problems of Recruitment: A Local Study
Authors: Jenkins Mary
Published: April 2015

Based on a questionnaire survey of all occupational therapists employed in the Western Health and Social Services Board, Northern Ireland, the study highlighted a number of factors which contribute to the acknowledged problems of recruitment and retention. Fundamental to occupational therapists staying in post is their degree of satisfaction with the job. The survey established four specific factors of job satisfaction: multiprofessional teamwork, adequate staffing, further training/retraining and involvement in decision making. Reasons for leaving and deterrents from applying for jobs were viewed together as factors which take or keep occupational therapists out of posts. High weightings were given to lack of resources, unrealistic workload, personal reasons and lack of professional status. The attractive features of occupational therapy that were noted included variety of the work, good working relationships and the challenge of the job.
The Occupational Therapy Labour Market, Part 1: Making Use of Trained Personnel
Authors: Sutcliffe Pip
Published: April 2015

The results of an informal inquiry into non-practising occupational therapists are presented. The inquiry was a postal one, conducted in the County of Avon and neighbouring areas; it aimed to find people who might be prepared to return to occupational therapy and to elicit the conditions they would need to facilitate that return.
The Mucopolysaccharidoses: Classification, Symptoms and the Role of the Occupational Therapist
Authors: Penso Dorothy E
Published: April 2015

The mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of inherited diseases characterised by the abnormal storage of mucopolysaccharides in the tissues. Affected children manifest varying degrees of physical, intellectual and behavioural symptoms. In order to implement the most effective forms of therapy, counselling and advice to affected families, occupational therapists must be aware of the nature of the disorders and their progression and prognosis.
The Use of Play in Occupational Therapy for Children: Normal Play Development
Authors: Bracegirdle Hazel
Published: April 2015

Unless a therapist has a good grasp of the sequence of normal play development, he/she is unable either to assess a child's current developmental level accurately or to suggest play activities which are appropriate for the child. The study of play is complex and only two of the main categories of play can be discussed here, each from babyhood to school age. It is not only children with impairments who are disadvantaged developmentally and a brief mention of social class related differences in play behaviour is made. The article also looks critically at the quality of play research in its comparison of old and new developmental inventories.
The Journal Literature of Occupational Therapy: A Comparison of Coverage by Four Bibliographic Information Services
Authors: Roberts Dave
Published: April 2015

The reference lists of articles in major occupational therapy journals were studied to identify journals cited by contributors. Four information services were compared for coverage of the 35 journals cited most frequently. The services were Index Medicus, Excerpta Medica, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Occupational Therapy Index. The study showed that no single service was comprehensive for these journals; that the American Journal of Occupational Therapy was overwhelmingly dominant in terms of number of times cited; and that the range of titles cited was very wide.
Occupational Therapy in the Treatment of Action Myoclonus: A Case Study
Authors: Ranicar Madeleine , Peters-Woods Dianne
Published: April 2015

This case study describes the variety of techniques used in occupational therapy to restore function in a severely incapacitated client suffering from action myoclonus. While most studies on myoclonus centre on drug treatment, this article discusses the key role occupational therapy can play in motor relearning. It is suggested that occupational therapy was successful in helping a client with profound functional problems to regain some level of independence.
Facilitating Change in Anorexia Nervosa: The Role of Occupational Therapy
Authors: Harries Priscilla
Published: April 2015

Patients with anorexia nervosa benefit from a multidisciplinary approach. This article gives a brief description of, first, the illness and its treatment and, secondly, the occupational therapy techniques used at the Maudsley Unit. It then demonstrates the progress of patients through examples of projective art.
Kirton Companions, the Clients Assess: Evaluating a Community Mental Health Day Facility
Authors: Sexton Deborah
Published: April 2015

Clients attending a community mental health day facility were invited to assess and to provide feedback about the facility. Previous attempts at informal reviews with clients had proved unsuccessful due to their reluctance to provide negative feedback or to suggest changes. Clients were asked to rate statements linked to the aims of the facility to assess how far they perceived the aims to have been reached. The results compared the current attenders' assessments with those of past attenders and showed that the facility was most successful in its aim of providing support and increasing social contacts. Clients also agreed that the activities on offer at the facility were helpful in overcoming their mental health difficulties.
Psychosocial Occupational Therapy: From Myth and Misconception to Multidisciplinary Team Member
Authors: Busuttil Joseph
Published: April 2015

Occupational therapists are now accepted and valued members of the multidisciplinary team in psychiatric hospitals and community facilities. The role and relevance of the occupational therapist is featured regularly in the treatment, management and rehabilitation sections of modern psychiatric textbooks. This position has not been lightly attained. It represents a lengthy process of incorporating the ancient origins of treatment of mental disorders through occupation, work, exercise, recreation and leisure, and transforming them into the present foundation of the profession. The article, which is intended as a descriptive development of the evolvement of the profession rather than providing a critical appraisal of occupational therapy, reviews this transition.
Job Stress in Occupational Therapy: An Examination of Causative Factors
Authors: Sweeney Grace M , Nichols Keith A , Kline Paul
Published: April 2015

This article, the first in a series of two on job stress in occupational therapy, reports the results of a postal survey which set out to identify factors that contributed to stress in a sample of Britain-based occupational therapists. Three hundred and ten NHS and LASS occupational therapists were surveyed between November 1989 and February 1990. The results indicated that four different dimensions of job stress were relevant to occupational therapists, and these were labelled ‘professional value’, ‘resources and demands’, ‘rewards and recognition’ and ‘patient contact’. Further analysis indicated that occupational therapists who worked longer hours, who had been in the job for a longer period of time, and who were employed in social services tended to score higher on the dimension of rewards and recognition. Employment at the level of basic grade, senior II or senior i tended to be predictive of a high score on the dimension of stress related to patient contact. Occupational therapists who had been qualified for longer periods of time tended to score lower on both these dimensions of job stress. This article explores possible explanations for these differences, and the second article will propose individual and organisational strategies for stress reduction.
Core Skills and Competencies: Part 2, the Competency Conundrum
Authors: Hollis Vivien , Clark Charles R
Published: April 2015

In this second article of a series of four, the competency approach is debated and its application to different medical and commercial organisations explained. The relevance of the approach to the understanding and clarification of occupational therapy clinical practice is discussed. The critical incident technique, as a method of collecting meaningful descriptions of what occupational therapists do to enable the identification of competencies, is considered among others.