bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive prenatal testing in the general obstetric population: clinical performance and counseling considerations in over 85000 cases
Authors: P. A. Taneja  , H. L. Snyder  , E. de Feo  , K. M. Kruglyak
Published: September 2022

The article contains the results of the research, which set two main goals. The first is the determination of the actual indicators of the effectiveness of noninvasive prenatal studies and the development of counseling tools about the predictability of a positive outcome, taking into account certain clinical indicators and the a priori age risk of the mother. The second is the assessment of changes in the clinical and demographic population after the introduction of testing.Objective: The primary goal of this study was to provide clinically relevant information for appropriate patient counseling.Method: Demographics and test metrics were reviewed for 86 658 clinical cases. Outcome information was requested for samples reported as aneuploidy detected or suspected for chromosomes 21, 18, or 13; voluntary outcome reporting was encouraged for all discordant outcomes.Results: Of 86 658 cases, 85 298 (98.4%) met inclusion criteria for result reporting. Of the 1360 (1.6%) cancellations, only 101 (0.1%) were for technical reasons. Average time to result was 3.3 business days. Aneuploidy was detected or suspected in 2142 (2.5%) samples. For aneuploidy detected cases with known clinical outcomes, the overall positive predictive value was 83.5% (608/728); observed positive predictive values for trisomies 21, 18, and 13 ranged from 50.0 to 92.8%. As individual positive predictive values are determined by a patient’s prior risk, we developed a chart for counseling patients on positive predictive value based on maternal age.Conclusion: This large-scale report reinforces that noninvasive prenatal testing is a highly accurate screen for fetal aneuploidy in the general obstetric population. Test improvements have facilitated a reduction in failure rates, time to result, and borderline results/unclassifiable results. We have developed a positive predictive value counseling tool to ensure appropriate patient education, counseling, and clinical utilization.Funding sources: This study was funded by Illumina.Conflicts of interest: Authors of article are employees of and hold equity in Illumina.
A linguagem oral como processo interacional: o valor social da variedade linguística rural
Authors: Souza Matilde Costa Fernandes de , Santos Vilson Pruzak dos
Published: September 2022

Este artigo pretende apresentar algumas relações entre a linguagem oral e a escrita, diferenciando-as no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e apontando possibilidades de trabalho sobre o tema em questão com base em um estudo de caso prático realizado em uma turma do 6º ano do ensino fundamental, na Escola de São Salvador, no município de Cascavel.  É sabido que os alunos, principalmente no ensino fundamental, tendem a escrever de acordo como falam, não compreendendo a linha tênue que separa a fala da escrita. Diante disso, a pesquisa buscou apoio teórico em autores renomados como Bagno (2007), Magda Soares (1996), Bortoni-Ricardo (2005), Cagliari (1996-2004), entre outros de suma importância, que ajudaram a esclarecer a diferença entre a fala e a escrita. Desse modo, foi proposto a uma turma do  6º ano do ensino fundamental um trabalho com a personagem Chico Bento, das histórias em quadrinhos da turma da Mônica. O trabalho aqui desenvolvido não só possibilitou aos alunos perceberem como ocorre o processo de transposição da fala para a escrita, como também favoreceu a introdução da noção de variedade linguística.
Estudios sobre filosofía, política y paz
Authors: Alfaro Iglesias Jaime , Gallo Callejas Mauricio Andrés , Giraldo Fabio , Martines Paulo , Piedrahíta Ramírez Luis Felipe , Plata Pineda Oswaldo , Restrepo Arboleda Sara María , Uribe López Mauricio , Vicentini Max Rogério , García Sánchez Jeimy , Cano Carlos Alberto , Ortega Onasis
Published: September 2022

Estudios sobre Filosofía, Política y Paz es el resultado del trabajo realizado por el Laboratorio de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas del Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid durante el año 2021. Dicho trabajo se inscribe en las líneas de investigación del Grupo de Investigación en Filosofía (GIF) y está en consonancia con el Manual de líneas de investigación de la Institución. El texto se divide en dos partes, una dedicada a asuntos estrictamente filosóficos y otra consagrada a asuntos teóricos con derivas prácticas. La primera parte del presente volumen inicia con los estudios de los profesores Jaime Alfaro Iglesias y Max Rogério Vicentini. En el primero de estos estudios, se desarrolla una objeción pragmatista al uso de intuiciones como evidencia para soportar teorías filosóficas; dicha objeción consiste en argumentar que la práctica metodológica de usar intuiciones como evidencia filosófica implica una consecuencia inaceptable: trivializa la asimetría entre nuestras creencias y la realidad. En el segundo estudio, Paulo Martines examina la noción de libertad planteada por Antonio Vieira en el contexto de la segunda escolástica y argumenta que Vieira estaba comprometido con una noción de libertad vinculada a la perspectiva teológica.
A research agenda proposal on the influence of ApexBrasil on export, internationalisation and foreign trade
Authors: Da Costa Jr João Florêncio , Cavalcanti Joyce Mariella Medeiros , Fernandes Leandro Trigueiro , De Araújo Afrânio Galdino
Published: September 2022

Objective: The present technical report aimed at presenting a research agenda regarding the influence of the Brazilian Trade and Investment Promotion Agency (ApexBrasil) on academic research about export, internationalisation, and foreign trade for academia, policymakers, practitioners, and other stakeholders. Method: We pursued a case study approach divided in a two-stage process. Firstly, we systematically reviewed 35 articles related to ApexBrasil’s influence on scientific research. Secondly, we analysed official documents and conferences, besides consulting a panel of specialists from ApexBrasil, in order to propose the research agenda. Main Results: Firstly, the results suggested that the knowledge about ApexBrasil’s influence on scientific research is scattered in different journals, researchers, and themes; furthermore, many studies do not have an impact on the international academy. Secondly, based on the data analysed, we propose a research agenda that might narrow the gap between ApexBrasil, academia, and other stakeholders. Relevance / Originality: The findings suggest unique insights about how and to what extent ApexBrasil’s influence is reported by scientific research and show which themes for future investigations are aligned with the agency’s interests, as well as the interests of its stakeholders in a scenario affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Theoretical / Methodological Contributions: Our main contributions consist in a research agenda proposal based on theoretical and practical perspectives developed as a technical report. By doing so, we seek to raise awareness of academia, practitioners, and policymakers about ApexBrasil’s influence and potential relevance for international business studies, whilst pointing out important research gaps in the literature and potential new research avenues.
Model Migrants and Ideal Workers
Authors: Banerjee Pallavi
Published: September 2022

Chapter 2 analyzes the narratives of the participants specific to H-4 dependent visas and argues that the visa laws levy penalties on the public interactions and private selfhood of visa holders. Two major themes explored in this chapter are the “invisibility” and “devaluation” that dependent visa holders experience as individuals and in their public interactions. Building on the concept of governmentality of the visa regime, the author contends that the effectiveness of global labor migration is predicated on the seamless disciplining of individuals to become model migrants and ideal workers. The underlying coercive power of the state dictates this disciplining of the self. As individuals negotiate a new identity as dependent spouses, the mechanisms through which dependence is created and sustained eventually renders the structures of the oppressive visa regime invisible. The dependent women tended to readjust their selves to conform within the structure, training themselves to live with trauma and alienation, while the dependent men resigned themselves to humiliation but refused to talk about it for fear of acknowledging the emasculation they experienced. And yet, both men and women on dependent visas resisted becoming the “vegetables” that the visas seemed to require them to be.
Beholden to Employers
Authors: Banerjee Pallavi
Published: September 2022

Chapter 3 investigates the ways in which the workplace and the family lives of migrant workers are intertwined and heavily tied to their visa status. The visa regimes that shape these immigrants’ lives create a legally liminal status for migrants and their families. Because both work and dependent visas are tied to the employment of the lead migrant and therefore control the ability of these families to reside in the United States, losing the job would mean losing residential rights as well as financial resources. This puts migrant workers and their spouses in an in-between status of legality that makes them beholden to their employers through the visa regime. This status of liminal legality is extended indefinitely when employers sponsor the workers for legal permanent residency. Quitting means killing any chance of gaining residency in the United States, which is what many of my participants called the “carrot-and-stick” approach. Legal liminality intersects with the racialization and gendering of the workers to produce a complex web of dependence for the families in the study. This chapter is an exploration of that particular structure of dependence embedded in the visa regime.
A Review of the Literature on Factors That May Influence Entrepreneurial Intention among University Students
Authors: Massouati Lamyaa , Abdelbaki Noureddine
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this article is to present a review of the literature on the variables that can influence students' entrepreneurial intention, as well as the theories underlying our research work. Several theories have been mobilized to explain entrepreneurial intention, notably Sokol and Shapero's theory (1982) and Ajzen's theory (1991). But among students in particular, we must ask what factors spark the idea of starting a business. After examining several articles in the literature on entrepreneurial intention (about thirty), we were able to identify, through an archiving method, three essential variables that act on entrepreneurial intention: The desire to undertake, the social factor and the degree of feasibility. But isn't it important to look at other variables that can influence the entrepreneurial act ?
Prevalences of Gastrointestinal Parasitic in Dogs and Cats at Kaki 4 and K-5 Clinics Kediri City
Authors: Ary Handoko Taufan , Hastoetik Poedji , Mufasirin Mufasirin , Hermadi Herry Agoes , Triakoso Nusdianto
Published: September 2022

Parasitic diseases of the gastrointestinal have a bad impact for dogs and cats. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, types, and different of maintenance system on dogs and cats in Kaki 4 and K-5 clinics Kediri city. This study used 100 samples of cat and dog feses. The result showed 4% prevalence i.e. 2 samples are positively infected by Ancylostoma sp. (2%), 1 sample is positively infected by Toxocara cati (1%), and 1 sample is positively infected by Ancylostoma sp., Dipylidium caninum, and Toxascaris leonina (1%). Classified by maintenance system, the dogs and cats that maintenance with semi-intensif system prevalence was 2.1% (2/96), while intensif prevalence of 50% (2/4). Based on gender, male prevalence of 7.4% (4/54), while a female was not infected by gastrointestinal parasite. Classified by age, the dogs and cats under age of one year the prevalence of 4.2% (2/47), while those age one year or more prevalence was 3.8% (2/53). Based antiparasitic drugs that given the dogs and cats prevalence was 2.1% (2/96), while not given prevalence of 50% (2/4). Based on breed, the pure breed prevalence of 2.8% (1/36), mix breed prevalence of 12.5% (1/8), while the domestic breed prevalence was 3.6% (2/56).
The role of modern immunotherapy in metastatic urothelial cancer: mini review
Authors: Jackson-Spence Francesca , Toms Charlotte , Yang Yu-Hsuen , Jurascheck Leo , Choy Julia , Flanders Lucy , Szabados Bernadett , Powles Thomas
Published: September 2022

The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the treatment landscape in many aspects of urothelial cancer (UC), in both non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and muscle-invasive bladder cancer and has introduced the concept of long-term remission for some patients in the metastatic setting. Front-line chemotherapy remains superior at achieving initial control of disease compared to front-line immune therapy. However, long-term durable responses are limited by chemotherapy resistance. The maintenance approach, sequencing chemotherapy with ICIs, could be considered a best of both worlds approach, achieving initial control with chemotherapy, which is maintained in some individuals with avelumab. However, outcomes for patients with metastatic UC remain poor. There are three steps to improving outcomes for these patients; the first is to develop better drugs and combinations of therapies, the second is the development of novel biomarkers and techniques to better select patients for treatment, and the third area of development is to give the drugs in the most optimal setting.
Associations Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalization Among U.S. Adults
Authors: Quan Stuart F. , Weaver Matthew , Czeisler Mark , Barger Laura , Booker Lauren , Howard Mark , Jackson Melinda , Lane Rashon , McDonald Christine , Ridgers Anna , Robbins Rebecca , Varma Prerna , Rajaratnam Shantha , Czeisler Charles
Published: September 2022

Background: Medical comorbidities increase the risk of severe COVID-19 infection. In some studies, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been identified as a comorbid condition that is associated with an increased prevalence of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization, but few have investigated this association in a general population. Research Question: In a general population, is OSA associated with increased odds of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization and are these altered with COVID-19 vaccination? Study Design: Cross-sectional survey of a diverse sample of 15,057 U.S. adults Results: COVID-19 infection and hospitalization rates were 38.9% and 2.9% respectively. OSA or OSA symptoms were reported in 19.4%. In logistic regression models adjusted for demographic, socio-economic and comorbid medical conditions, OSA was positively associated with COVID-19 infection (aOR: 1.58, 95%CI: 1.39-1.79) and COVID-19 hospitalization (aOR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17-2.05). In fully adjusted models, boosted vaccination status was protective against both infection and hospitalization. Boosted vaccination status attenuated the association between OSA and COVID-19 related hospitalization, but not infection. Participants with untreated or symptomatic OSA were at greater risk for COVID-19 infection; those with untreated, but not symptomatic OSA were more likely to be hospitalized. Interpretation: In a general population sample, OSA is associated with a greater likelihood of having had a COVID-19 infection and a COVID-19 hospitalization with the greatest impact observed among persons experiencing OSA symptoms or who were untreated for their OSA. Boosted vaccination status attenuated the association between OSA and COVID-19 related hospitalization.
A Review of Thermal Spectral Imaging Methods for Monitoring High-temperature Molten Material Streams
Authors: Grujic Katarina
Published: September 2022

Real-time closed-loop control of metallurgical processes is still in its infancy, mostly based on simple models and limited sensor data, challenged by extreme temperature, harsh process conditions. Contact-free thermal imaging-based measurement approaches thus appear to be particularly suitable for process monitoring. With the potential to generate vast amounts of accurate data in real-time, combined with artificial intelligence methods to enable real-time analysis and integration of expert knowledge, thermal spectral imaging is identified as a promising method offering more robust and accurate identification of key parameters, such as surface temperature, morphology, composition and flow rate.
Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infections After Hemiarthroplasty of the Hip
Authors: Bureau Antoine , Bourget-Murray Jonathan , Azad Marisa A. , Abdelbary Hesham , Grammatopoulos George , Garceau Simon P.
Published: September 2022

» Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following hip hemiarthroplasty (HA) is a devastating complication, incurring immense health-care costs associated with its treatment and placing considerable burden on patients and their families. These patients often require multiple surgical procedures, extended hospitalization, and prolonged antimicrobial therapy.

» Notable risk factors include older age, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, inadequate antibiotic prophylaxis, non-antibiotic-loaded cementation of the femoral implant, longer duration of the surgical procedure, and postoperative drainage and hematoma.

» Although the most frequent infecting organisms are gram-positive cocci such as Staphylococcus aureus, there is a higher proportion of patients with gram-negative and polymicrobial infections after hip HA compared with patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty.

» Several surgical strategies exist. Regardless of the preferred surgical treatment, successful management of these infections requires a comprehensive surgical debridement focused on eradicating the biofilm followed by appropriate antibiotic therapy.

» A multidisciplinary approach led by surgeons familiar with PJI treatment and infectious disease specialists is recommended for all cases of PJI after hip HA to increase the likelihood of treatment success.
Traditional Food and Products to Achieve SDGs in India
Authors:   Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of Anthropology,  Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya Wardha 442001, Maharashtra India., Kumar Arun , Mollick Farhad ,   Professor, Department of Anthropology, Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya Wardha 442001, Maharashtra India.
Published: September 2022

The diversity of India has conserved through indigenous innovations, practices and skills and associated with community traditions and practices. The traditional food system plays a significant role in improving and strengthens Medicare system through improvement in the quality of life including health and nutritional status, food system with improving nutrient values, consumable products for other such as fermented food products like Sinki. A major proportion of the community is suffering from health problems such as Malnutrition, Malaria, Tuberculosis etc and also facing economic crisis due to minimum involvements of traditional knowledge, food and beverages, traditional food system and ignorance of their cultural acceptability in the modern health care, livelihood programme and development programme/policies. The Indigenous diet and tradition food system found helpful to fight with modern illnesses and potentially fulfill dietary recommendations for various micronutrients. The traditional fermented food/ beverage with cultural acceptability can also play an important role in the better livelihood of communities through enhanced food security and income generation via a valuable small scale enterprise option and marketable products. No poverty and Good health and Wellbeing are the most important goals of Sustainable Development-2030 will be achieved via wellbeing and development programme/policies with including culturally important traditional knowledge and traditional food of native and tribal comminutes. The present research paper aims to find out the socio-cultural and medicinal value of traditional food and products and also explore the possibilities of their marketing to achieve the SDGs.
Spiritual Resilience and the Intervention of Holy Scripture
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of MBA, Loyola Academy, Alwal, Secunderabad 500078, Andhra Pradesh, India., Varghese Sindhu
Published: September 2022

This paper “spiritual resilience and the intervention of holy scripture” is to explore new facets, reinforce and approve of the fact that Holy Scripture is an augmentation of spiritual resilience. In today’s turbulent times, spiritual resilience is the greatest asset a person can have. The need is to know how subjects have shown this trait. In this paper, literature and previous studies have been reviewed to come out with the fact that Holy Scripture reading and trusting God has helped build resilience to over come difficult situations in life giving one inner peace and strength. This study reinforces that trusting in God is the greatest strength one can get. This paper will impact for a non-resilient person to venture into and discover that spiritual resilience and quality of life is not anything hard, but revolves on hope, faith and trust. Keywords: Holy Scripture; Spiritual Resilience; Faith; Hope; God.
A Study of Initial Experience of Trans-Abdominal PrePeritonial Inguinal Hernia Repair at aTertiary Care Center
Authors:   Resident, Department of Surgery, Rabindra Nath Tagore Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India., Ram Shri , Sharma Dharamanjai Kumar ,   Senior Professor, Department of Surgery, Rabindra Nath Tagore Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India.
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Inguinal hernia surgery remains till date one of the most commonly performed surgeries. Overall decrease in recurrence rate along with shorter hospital stay, faster return to normal activities and a lower incidence of post-operative pain has led to the widespread acceptance of laparoscopic hernia repair especially Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal repair in the management of inguinal hernia. The study was done to evaluate the initial experience of a tertiary care center in the laparoscopic hernia repair including the intra and post-operative complications and associated technical difficulties. Methodology: This prospective, descriptive study was performed in 22 patients during the period of 2018 to 2021. The patients were evaluated thoroughly for the predisposing factors, technical aspects of the procedure, intra-operative details, post-operative complications and the time taken for the procedure were noted. The patients were also followed up for a period of 6 months for late complications. Results: All the patients in the study group were male and majority of them were older than 40 years. Majority of the patients had heavy work as the risk factor and all of them presented with inguinal or inguino-scrotal swelling which reduced by itself. Majority of patents had right indirect and incomplete inguinal hernia. The mean operative time in initial cases were longer, but on acquiring experience, the operating time came down to approximately 90 minutes. The complications associated with the procedure were minimal with a return to normal routine in a mean of 15 days. Conclusion: Laparoscopic hernia repair is a significantly lengthier procedure especially in the learning phase of the surgeon’s team, but the operative time decreases with increasing experience. Good technique and knowledge about laparoscopic anatomy of inguinal region ensures minimal complications and faster recovery. Keywords: TAPP; TEP; Laparoscopic Hernia Repair; Inguinal Hernia Surgery.
Conditions of Formation and Sources of Melts of Early Neoproterozoic Granites in Northern Kuznetsk Alatau
Authors: Rudnev S.N. , Turkina O.M. , Semenova D.V. , Serov P.A.
Published: September 2022

—We present data on the geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd isotope composition of granitoids of the Gremyachikha and North Gremyachikha massifs (Kundusyul pluton) located in the Neoproterozoic metamorphosed island arc calc-alkalic volcanic rocks of the Talanovka–Bogorodka block in northern Kuznetsk Alatau (Martaiga uplift). The granitoids formed 890–880 Ma as a result of the accretion and collision of Neoproterozoic oceanic/island arc complexes with an unknown block formed by continent-marginal metasedimentary strata. The predominance of a metasedimentary source formed during the erosion of the early Precambrian and Neoproterozoic complexes is confirmed by the wide range of the ages of xenogenic zircons in the granitoids (2800 to 930 Ma) and by variations in the εNd values (−7.8 to −1.0) and model Nd age of the granites (2.20–1.64 Ga).
Effect of Make-Up Water Salinity on Polymer Adsorption in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Sebastian Anoo , Mushtaq Muhammad , W. Al-Shalabi Emad , AlAmeri Waleed , Mohanty Kishore , Masalmeh Shehadeh , M. AlSumaiti Ali
Published: September 2022

Application of polymer flooding in carbonate reservoirs still faces significant challenges, including polymer degradation, injectivity, and retention. With the increased awareness of the importance of water chemistry, this paper investigates the effect of make-up water composition on an ATBS (Acrylamido-Tertiary-Butyl Sulfonate)-based polymer performance focusing on polymer-rock interactions. Comprehensive rheological studies at ambient (25 °C) and reservoir (90 °C) temperatures were conducted on the potential ATBS-based polymer to study the effect of water chemistry. Different make-up water recipes were used with salinity ranging from 400 to 167,000 ppm. Further, static and dynamic adsorption studies were conducted at ambient temperature (25 °C) to investigate polymer performance and polymer-rock interactions. The water recipes with salinity less than 10,000 ppm showed better performance in terms of viscosity enhancement and reduced polymer adsorption. By reducing the overall salinity of the make-up water, the required polymer concentration to achieve a specific target polymer viscosity was decreased by 50-70%. The polymer solution in the diluted brine showed lowered adsorption value of 25 μg/g-rock as opposed to the high salinity formation water (167,000 ppm) and seawater (43,000 ppm) with adsorption levels between 47-56 μg/g-rock. Moreover, a reduction in polymer adsorption was further observed in the presence of crude oil. This research highlights the importance of make-up water salinity on polymer performance and concludes that low salinity water injection enhances polymer flooding performance and reduces polymer adsorption.
A Systematic Approach to Evaluate the Sanding Potential Caused by Formation Shear Failure in Unconsolidated Oil and Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Baptista Bryan , Fair Christopher
Published: September 2022

This article will address two issues related to sand production in unconsolidated reservoirs. First, it will examine the relationship between formation compressibility (Cf), elasto-plastic hysteresis and the shear failure of the formation macroscopically (when the fluid and formation pressure together cannot support the overburden stress), as well as the methodology to predict this failure pressure. Second, it will explore the means to recognize which formations are more friable and likely to produce sand grains – microscopic shear failure. The two effects are only tangentially related but can occur simultaneously.

Logs and petrophysical data should be methodolically used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the sanding potential of a well or reservoir. The first method is evaluating the compressibility of formation rocks as they first demonstrate elasto-plasticity, then have catastrophic shear failure. The other method evaluates the sanding potential based on the friability of the formation.

The most effective way to manage/mitigate catastrophic/macroscopic shear failure is to observe the dynamic behavior of the reservoir. By plotting the build-up permeability vs. skin-less FBHP, the failure pressure of the formation can be determined. Good operating practices then dictate that the well should not be flowed at pressures below the value plus a safety factor. The approach to managing potential sand grain failure (microscopic shear failure) is to design the completion (frac-pack, gravel pack, etc.) to collect the sand grains in the pack and screens, then perform periodic pump-in stimulation treatments to push the fines away from the screens/pack. Two examples each from the Gulf of Mexico and the Louisiana Gulf Coast will be presented to demonstrate the methodology for both macroscopic and microscopic shear failure.

It should be noted that it is important to differentiate the cause of sand production/fines migration as one of the two (macro/micro) causes. This can be determined by tracking the accretion of skin due to fines. If this occurs coincident with a decrease in permeability or mobility thickness, it should be assumed that the cause is macroscopic shear failure. If the permeability remains constant as skin due to fines increases, it is due to microscopic shear failure. Technically, both mechanisms can occur simultaneously, but it is best to approach the issue conservatively and assume that any increase in skin due to fines that occurs with a decrease in mobility thickness is due to macroscopic shear failure. Applying the sanding potential systematically to formation evaluation can improve the completion design; predicting the macroscopic shear failure pressure of the formation contributes to better overall reservoir management.
Improving Banyu Urip Acid Gas Removal Unit (AGRU) and Acid Gas Enrichment (AGE) System Performance and Reliability by Implementing an Effective Wetted Surface Air Cooler (WSAC) Chemical Treatment Program
Authors: Saubryani Nurania , Kaswan Sutrisno , Gough Mark , Akbar Rifky
Published: September 2022

The Banyu Urip production facility located in East Java, Indonesia; currently produces ca. 30% of the country's daily oil production. Field fluids are sour with high H2S (1.6%) and CO2 (45%) in the gas, which is conditioned prior to it's use as fuel, for Sulphur Recovery, or for reinjection. Gas conditioning takes place in two amine units, the Acid Gas Recovery Unit (AGRU) and the Acid Gas Enrichment Unit (AGE). Both units use aqueous MDEA as the amine solvent, with Wetted Surface Air Coolers (WSAC) used to cool hot lean amine off the regenerator columns.

In early operation both conditioning units operated at design case. In the period 2018-2020 however, the WSACs became progressively fouled with scale and algae which led to a decrease in thermal transfer efficiency and a consequential decline in plant performance and reliability. SOx emissions were also impacted negatively.

To resolve fouling and its detrimental consequences, a chemical treatment program was developed and implemented. The program involved laboratory qualification of candidate chemicals, including evaluation in a novel pilot skid that accurately simulated WSAC field conditions; followed by extended field trials. System performance was evaluated, which verified the pilot skid test results, and the program was implemented on a continuous basis. Extensive surveillance of multiple chemical and operational parameters was performed, and with critical evaluation of these derived data sets, improvements in operational practices were implemented, and unit performance gains realized.

Implementation of the program has improved the reliability of the Fuel Gas Compressors (FGC) reducing monthly Gas Turbine Generator (GTG) diesel consumption rates by a factor of > 6. Secondly, AGE operational improvements reduced net SOx emissions for the facility by ca. 70% (2019 vs 2021) through a reduction in Thermal Oxidizer feed gas H2S content, and in lowering LP flaring.
Successful Cement Placement Achieved When Faced with Challenging Shallow Wells
Authors: Shine Joe
Published: September 2022

Cementing conventional production liners is a mature topic with documented success. For wells drilled in a shallow domain, such as 4,000 feet or less, there can be challenges routinely overlooked technically as well as operationally. If not accounting for these challenges during the service delivery, it may prevent achievement of the isolation requirements. The development of the practices resulted from unfavorable cement evaluation logs that led to remedial cementing operations or worse case, premature well abandonment. A reform of the practices used to cement challenging shallow production liners included aspects of the design as well as the on-location (wellsite execution) phase of the service delivery helping to deliver the isolation requirements.

The manuscript provides guidance from a position of managing the cementing service delivery while communicating the learning's contributing to successful shallow production liner cementing in the region of the study. It may provide the same success in other areas, as the reform practices are not unique. The practices include improvements to the service delivery such as liner hanger modifications, wellsite mixing practices, cementing fluid designs and placement optimization methods.
A Critical Review of Shunt Tube Deployed Open Hole Gravel Pack Completions Pumped with no Positive Surface Pressure
Authors: Whaley Kevin , Tahirov Tahir , Khedr Sherine , Pettinger-Harte Henry , Ivanova Svetlana , Wood Pierre , Beldongar Maye , Gadiyar Bala , Felix Nelson
Published: September 2022

Shunt tube deployed Open Hole Gravel Pack (OHGP) completions have been installed in the industry for about 25 years and have become widely recognized as a very reliable sand control completion technique. Some of these shunt tube gravel pack operations, are pumped with no positive surface treating pressure for a long duration of the packing operation. This paper will discuss in detail the system hydraulics and shunt tube packing process in these types of operation.

The paper will review the surface and down hole gauge pumping data from a suite of shunt tube gravel packs which were pumped for sustained periods with no positive surface treating pressure. It will identify and discuss gravel packing signatures and trends that are unique to these types of operations including detailed analysis of down hole gauge data. Additionally, the paper will discuss the challenges and potential issues that can occur when executing this type of gravel pack and potential mitigation measures.

Shunt tube deployed OHGP systems are designed to function in wells with small fluid weight to fracture pressure windows and as such are pumped at low rate with a viscous carrier fluid. Consequently, many of these gravel packs are pumped with no positive pump pressure as the positive u-tube pressure of the additional hydrostatic weight of the slurry in the work string is higher than the overall friction pressure in the system. This effect can have a significant impact on the job execution in several ways if not fully understood and appropriately incorporated into the pumping plan. The potential impacts which are discussed in the paper, include:

Inability to monitor the downhole packing process and bottom hole circulating pressure which can result in fracturing the formation while still with no positive surface pressure. Apparent increases and decreases to the return rate which can potentially be misinterpreted as losses or gains and subsequently drive detrimental changes to the execution plan including early termination of the operation and large reductions in pump rate. Stalling of the down hole packing process when there is inadequate pressure differential to drive flow through the shunt tubes

The mechanics of pumping shunt tube OHGPs without positive surface pressure has not been previously studied in depth or documented. Given the challenges with real time pumping diagnostics and post job analysis of the packing process of these jobs and the potential for misinterpretation of the data, the paper will provide a comprehensive review of this issue that can be used as a basis for designing and executed future operations.
Case Study Evaluating a Novel Anti-Corrosion System for Production Tubing in West Texas
Authors: Kabanov Maxim , Hicks Bryant
Published: September 2022

Preventing corrosion, especially in harsh environments, is a challenge in many oil fields in the world, and West Texas is no exception. As aging fields and assets make up an increasing part of operators’ portfolios, with higher water cuts and more use of EOR systems, corrosion and erosion of downhole tubulars becomes a more notable problem.

This paper looks at a case study to evaluate the effectiveness of a new, multi-layer protective coating to mitigate corrosion damage, extend tubing life and lower operating costs. A major operator sought a solution for their highly corrosive, plunger-produced wells in West Texas (Permian Basin), to extend production tubing life. A novel coating solution, using a combination of a Zinc intermetallic layer and an internal polymer layer, together with protective inserts, was proposed and field-tested.

Following selection of a suitable candidate well, a comparison between uncoated tubulars and the proposed system was performed: prior to the trial, untreated tubulars were used and resulted in failure after an average 352 days; these were replaced with the novel coated system, together with protective inserts. The well was allowed to flow under normal operating conditions for 215 days, at which point the whole string was pre-emptively pulled and evaluated for corrosion damage.

Prior to the trial, using uncoated tubing (including 1% Cr), the trial well experienced HIT failure and erosion of the J-section after an average 352 days, caused by severe corrosion and erosion. A novel, multi-layer coating was applied to the production tubing and the well operated for 215 days, at which point the string was pulled for evaluation. The tubing was evaluated for wall thickness loss with EMI – maximum loss for the coated tubulars was 15%, with an average significantly below that and no damage along the pin-ends. Losses for the uncoated pipe used previously would be over 50% (2/3 green or red band, over half red band). These results showed a significant and notable protective effect of the multi-layer coating system, with all but one joint cleared for further use. The same string is currently in operation in the well, with a cumulative run-time of over 36 months.
Sweep Improvement in CO2-IOR Through Direct CO2 Viscosification
Authors: Afra Salar , Firoozabadi Abbas
Published: September 2022

Modification of CO2 mobility to prevent premature breakthrough and poor sweep efficiency is a major step for improving oil recovery in CO2 injection. Water-alternating-CO2, foam, and direct viscosification are the main proposed methods to limit CO2 mobility and improve the sweep efficiency. CO2 direct viscosification is the most desirable option. Control of the process is very simple. In this work, an engineered molecule is introduced to increase CO2 viscosity and improve oil displacement efficiency in CO2 flooding as a secondary recovery technique.

An engineered oligomer of 1-decene (P1D) with the approximate molecular weight of 2950 g/mol is used to viscosify supercritical CO2. A mixture of 1.5 wt% P1D in supercritical CO2 with the relative viscosity of 5.2 at the temperature of 140 ˚F and pressure of 3500 displace the oil in most of our experiments. A set of coreflood experiments in sandstone and carbonate rock samples are carried out to evaluate and compare oil recovery performance by neat and thickened CO2. Hexadecane, with viscosity of 1.7 cp and density of 0.745 kg/m3, and a dead crude oil sample, with viscosity of 4.1 cp and density of 0.843 kg/m3, at the pressure of 3500 psi and temperature of 140 ˚F are displaced by neat and viscosified CO2. Breakthrough time, breakthrough recovery, and recovery at 1 pore volume injection in the horizontal orientation are the key measurements.

At the experimental conditions, CO2 breakthrough is delayed by an average of 2 times and oil recovery is increased by an average of about 20 % upon CO2 viscosification. These results reveal the effectiveness of the engineered oligomer in viscosification and improved oil recovery performance. There is no permeability loss detected in core flooding experiments.

This work sets the stage for CO2 viscosification as a viable approach as an improved oil recovery method. The process, is relatively simple and has many advantages over alternatives such as CO2-foam or water-altenative-CO2.
Effective Extraction of a Heavy Oil Resource by an Environmentally Friendly Green Solvent: Limonene.
Authors: Mathews Tanya Ann , Azzu Paul , Cortes Jairo , Hascakir Berna
Published: September 2022

Global oil consumption is predicted to increase by 15% from 2021 to 2050. The increasing oil demand and decreasing conventional oil supply force us to find alternate energy supplies. The key to this problem lies with the vast untapped heavy oil and bitumen resources. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of an environmentally friendly solvent, limonene, in recovering heavy oil.

Three core flood experiments representing three different recovery methods were carried out. These include steam flooding (E1), solvent flooding (E2), and solvent-steam co-injections (E3). The green solvent, limonene, is a citrus-based non-toxic solvent. It was chosen due to its high organic solvency and ready availability. Throughout the experiments, steam was injected at a cold water equivalent of 18 ml/min, while limonene was injected at 2 ml/min. The experiments were run with a back pressure of 45-55 psi. The core pack was prepared by filling the pore space of Ottawa sand with a 60% heavy oil sample and 40% water by volume (including water percentage in oil). Produced oil and water samples were collected every 20 min during the experiments. These samples were further analyzed by emulsion characterization to determine emulsion stability and oil quality. Spent rock analyses were done to calculate the displacement efficiency of each of the experiments. In addition, an economic analysis was done to determine the optimal recovery method.

Spent rock analysis showed that a sole injection of limonene (E2) had the highest oil recovery. This confirms the high organic solvency of limonene achieved miscible flooding producing about 46 vol % from a total of 60 vol % initial oil. Steam flooding (E1), on the other hand, did not perform as well, producing around 29 vol %. The post-mortem sample from E1 indicated asphaltene precipitation which could have lowered oil recovery. Co-injection of limonene and steam was expected to yield the highest recovery due to the presence of two active drive mechanisms, thermal and miscible flooding. However, it performed comparatively less (41 vol %) than a sole injection of limonene (E2). This is further explained with emulsion characterization results. Experiments involving steam (E1 and E2) revealed strong emulsions in the oil produced, indicating a lower quality.

Furthermore, it was seen that the solvent-steam process produced weaker emulsions compared to steam flooding alone. On the other hand, solvent flooding (E2) produced high-quality oil with little to no emulsions. These results along with the economic analysis, indicate that the optimal recovery method would be solvent flooding (E2).

Our results prove that limonene is a promising organic solvent. Limonene is non-toxic, readily available, and safe to handle. As a result, it can be a safe green alternative to commonly used toxic organic solvents such as toluene.
Selection of the Flowback Rate for DFIT-Flowback Test
Authors: Wang Rui , Dahi Taleghani Arash
Published: September 2022

The DFIT-flowback test has shown some advantages in terms of running time and accuracy over typical injection tests such as DFITs specially in very low permeability formations. However, the success of the test depends largely on choosing an appropriate flowback rate to achieve acceptable results. The hidden assumption behind analysis is assuming uniform closure of fractures at the last step of the tests. Basically, the uniform closure is the only considered form of fracture closure in all the existing analyses for this test. Here, we show how adjusting flowback rates may change fracture closure mode and how to interpret field data accordingly. Often abnormality in the data acquired from pump-in/flowback tests have posed challenges in the widespread application of this test. Here, we use scaling analysis verified by numerical simulations to describe different situations may occur during this test and how to interpret abnormal data. Using scaling analysis does not require running complicated simulations and can provide quick solutions in field operations. Using this method can hopefully make DFIT-flowback more popular in the field.
Responsive and Controlled Release of Surfactant Encapsulated in Amino Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: AlSadeg Hala , Alsmaeil Ahmed , Alhassni Mohammed , Abdel-Fattah Amr
Published: September 2022

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have a great potential as carriers for controlled release of surfactants for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications. Herein, MSNs containing a cationic surfactant were surface functionalized with amino groups and their surfactant release behavior was studied and compared with that of non-functionalized MSNs. The responsive release of surfactant molecules from the mesoporous particles was studied under high salinity conditions normally encountered in subsurface environments. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was carried out to characterize the functionalized particles spectroscopically. Zeta potential measurements were made to study the alteration in surface charge of the capsules. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was conducted to investigate the amount of encapsulated cationic surfactant in the silica capsules. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to confirm the morphology and size of these surfactant incorporated particles in saline water containing 56,000 mg/L salts. FTIR and zeta potential data confirmed the presence of amino groups on the MSN surfaces, and the results from the TGA demonstrated that the cationic surfactant concentration is directly affected by the functionalization and amino groups bound to the MSNs. DLS and SEM analyses showed that the amino functionalized MSNs are 100 nm in size and maintain their chemical stability when present in high salinity water (HSW). IFT measurements showed that interfacial tension is reduced when the amino functionalized MSNs are suspended in HSW compared to when suspended in DI water. The oil-brine interfacial tension was reduced up to 3×10-4 mN/m when the amino functionalized MSNs are suspended in HSW. The functionalized MSNs higher IFT values when suspended in DI water indicate that the surfactant release only happens in ion rich environments which is representative of subsurface conditions. The release data indicate that the presence of the amine functional groups in MSNs results in a regulated-release mechanism where the functionalized particles in HSW released 30% of the cationic surfactant in one day. The release data indicated that the presence of the amino functional groups in MSNs improved the release properties of the encapsulated cationic surfactant. Therefore, the slow release of surfactant from these amino functionalized nanocapsules around the wellbore will result in a farther reach and deeper penetration in the reservoir.