bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
About Time
Authors: Friedman William
Published: October 2022

In About Time, William Friedman provides a new integrated look at research on the psychological processes that underlie the human experience of time. Few intellectual problems are as intriguing or as difficult as understanding the nature of time. In About Time, William Friedman provides a new integrated look at research on the psychological processes that underlie the human experience of time. He explains what psychologists have discovered about temporal perception and cognition since the publication of Paul Fraisse's The Psychology of Time in 1963 and offers fresh interpretations of their findings.

In particular he shows that the experience of time depends on many different psychological processes and that it is essential to divide temporal experience into component categories in order to understand these processes.

In chapters on perception and memory, Friedman discusses our impressions about the rate of time's passage and our ability to localize memories in time. He takes up representation and orientation, our ability to build mental representations of the time structures that surround us and to view these patterns from the unique perspective of the present moment. Moreover he shows that we can learn a great deal about the psychological basis of temporal experience by studying the development of this knowledge in children and the way in which views of time vary by culture, personality type, and kind of psychopathology.

Bradford Books imprint
Research on the Explosive Training Skills of Wushu Sanda Athletes
Authors: Zeng Qingguo
Published: October 2022

Research on the explosive training skills of Wushu Sanda athletes is conducted in this paper. Wushu Sanda is the product of the modern transformation of traditional Chinese martial arts. It was developed because it is completely based on the actual combat ability of martial arts. Explosive strength training is through the professional sports training, allowing athletes to coordinate with each other, so that athletes can release greater and stronger strength in the shortest time during exercise. This paper studies the combination of the models, and the proper integration is discussed.
Application of Doppler Radar in Short-Term Near-Term Weather Forecast
Authors: Keqi Zhao
Published: October 2022

Application of Doppler radar in short-term near-term weather forecast is the focus of this paper. Short-term now weather forecast can effectively improve the ability of meteorological disaster forecast and early warning. Conditional provinces or counties and cities can realize real-time update of the meteorological information and real-time insertion of sudden and severe weather warning information through public media. The application of modern meteorological methods provides the possibility for the production and timely broadcasting of the short-term and the near-term weather forecasting. This paper gives the combination of the Doppler radar to enhance the general model.
Affirmative Outcome after Modified Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation in Postpump Syndrome with Reduced Ejection Fraction following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Authors: Jain Moli Jai , Yadav Vaishnavi Dilip , Vardhan Vishnu
Published: October 2022

In Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) patients’ Postoperative Pulmonary Complications (PPCs) like atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, and pneumothorax are the leading cause of morbidity. Secondary prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) are essential aspects of the postrevascularisation care approach. A 56-year-old male, diagnosed with triple vessel disease with reduced ejection fraction, underwent CABG surgery and developed Postpump Syndrome (PPS). There was pleural effusion secondary to the cardio-pulmonary bypass machine. Postoperatively, the patient complained of pain at the incision site, cough, and difficulty in breathing. He underwent two weeks of a precise, planned early phase I CR protocol with regular vital monitoring. Postrehabilitation, the two-minute walk test (MWT) and Borg’s scale showed improvement in the walking distance sequentially from 7th, 11th, and 14th-day postoperatively. There was a decrease in the perception of difficulty in breathing. He showed a tremendous level of recovery in vitals, functional capacity, pain, and quality of life seen postrehabilitation. It can be concluded that exercise-based CR is an important adjunct therapy for secondary complications in post CABG patients.
Globalisation and Rising Obesity in Low-Middle Income Countries
Authors: Obasuyi Osamudiamen Cyril
Published: October 2022

While globalisation is a complicated term, evidence shows that increasing political and socio-economic connections, which is a hallmark of globalisation, dictate countries' health and economic decisions. These decisions significantly modify individuals' material circumstances and behavioural activities and lead to physical or psychological expression of disease.

In 2017, the WHO reported that over 4million people died from being overweight or obese. In the last four decades, the rates of obesity, especially in children and adolescents, have quadrupled from 4%-18% globally; in 2016, over 340 million children were either overweight or obese.

Non-traditional global health governance actors-whose influence in determining economic and global health decisions has risen in the last decades- have consistently furthered economic interests, which is, in part, fueling the obesity pandemic.

This paper argues that the increasing economic integration from globalisation, with the aid of the current global health governance landscape, drives the current obesity pandemic by worsening the social determinants of health, perpetuating inequality, and promoting unhealthy changes in the population's economic and socio-cultural environment.
Quality Assessment of Mixed Pickle (Carrot, Pea and Ginger) Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Rymbai Iwarika Marlin R. , Chaurasiya A. K.
Published: October 2022

“Studies on preparation and quality evaluation of mixed pickle of carrot, pea and ginger” was made with seven treatments and three replications with the equal proportion of carrot, pea and ginger (500 gm each), Salt 10% and lakadong turmeric powder of 10 gm for all treatments with the objective to access the physico-chemico characteristics of fresh vegetables as well as stored mixed pickle at normal room temperature. The biochemical and sensory changes were analysed at monthly interval of initial day, 30 days and 60 days. During storage the TSS, total sugar, acidity, ascorbic acid, β- carotene acid content decreased gradually. The prepared mixed pickle was judged by the 15 panellists during the organoleptic test where using Five-Point hedonic scale in which treatment T7 (2% lemon juice + 2% acetic acid + mustard oil (250 ml) + red chilli (20 g) recorded the maximum value with 4.53 followed by treatment T5 (2% acetic acid + red chilli powder (20 g) + mustard oil (250 ml) with 4.32 up to 60 days of storage. Overall assessment of quality revealed that with respect to conjugal study of all the parameters of total soluble solid, total sugar, acidity and ascorbic acid and β- carotene, the treatment T5 prepared with (2% acetic acid + red chilli powder (20 g) + mustard oil (250 ml) proved considerably superior over other treatments with the maximum acceptability.
Enriched Superphosphate and Ammophosphate Fertilizer Based on Washed Dried Phosphorite Concentrate
Authors: Rasulov A. A. , Sultonov B. E.
Published: October 2022

Development of a technology for obtaining enriched superphosphate and ammophosphate by processing washed and dried phosphorite concentrate (WDPC) in a single cycle. The optimal ratio P2O5WPPA:H2SO4mh :P2O5WDPC = 1:0.28:0.08 was found, at which the composition and properties of ammophosphate fertilizer are maximally improved and a single phosphorus fertilizer is additionally obtained. It has been established that on the basis of the solid part of the ammophosphate pulp, samples of enriched superphosphate are obtained with the following indicators (wt., %): Р2О5t. - 30.16-32.01; Р2О5ас.с.a. : Р2О5t. = 98.54-100; Р2О5water solubility (w.s.) : Р2О5t. = 54.3-55.5; N - 5.45-6.04. A sample of ammophosphate contains (wt., %): Р2О5t. - 52.43-53.31; Р2О5ас.с.a. : Р2О5t. = 94.81-96.27; Р2О5w.s. : Р2О5t. = 87.41-88.36; CaOt. - 4.01-4.26; N - 13.65-14.03 and SO3t. - 4.37-10.74. Ammophosphate consists of mono- and diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and dicalcium phosphate. Superphosphate also contains activated phosphorite, complex salts and gypsum. The material balance of the process of their production in a single technological cycle has been calculated.
Response of Different Varieties of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to Sulphur Application on Growth and Yield in Gird Region of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Arman , Singh Nivedita , Sharma Jai Dev , Ladage Veetarag , Vikrant . , Agnihotri Rohan , Ranjan Rahul , Singh Kanhaiya
Published: October 2022

In the rabi season of 2021–2022, a field experiment was set up at the Crop Research Centre–I, School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior (M.P.) in a Randomised Block Design (factorial) with three replications. Twelve treatments were made up of three varieties HM Super 222, Bombay 76, and Lafar Kranti and four sulphur concentrations 0, 20, 40, and 60 kg S ha-1 to determine the ideal sulphur dosage and the ideal variety for increased output. On November 11, 2021, the experiment was planted in the CRC- I. At all of the periodic crop growth phases, with the exception of 30 DAS, there was a substantial increase in plant height, number of branches, total number of leaves, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation from application of 0 to 60 kg S ha-1. At 60, 90 DAS and harvest, the higher values of growth parameters were recorded at the maximum amount of sulphur, or 60 kg S ha-1 with the exception of 40 kg S ha-1 where it was comparable to each other. Number of siliqua per plant, siliqua length, seed per siliqua, and seed yield were all significantly influenced by sulphur levels. The highest values were 60 kg S ha-1, which were comparable to 40 kg S ha-1. Among varieties, plant height, number of branches, total number of leaves, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation of variety HM Super 222 were recorded significantly superior to variety Lafar Kranti and comparable to Bombay 76 at all growth stages except 30 days after sowing. Number of siliqua per plant, seed per siliqua and siliqua length of variety HM Super 222 were recorded significantly maximum to Lafar Kranti while comparable to Bombay 76. 1000 grain weight and harvest index were non-significant. Seed yield and stover yield were highest in variety HM Super 222. Economically the application of 40 kg S ha-1 and HM Super 222 variety gave maximum net return and benefit cost (BC) ratio.
Effect of Supercritical Process Parameters on Phenolic Compound
Authors: Parmar M. R.
Published: October 2022

Carica papaya belonging to the Caricaceae family is an effective medicinal herb that is used as a folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases throughout the world. The present study was designed for evaluation of bioactive compound of dried papaya leaves extract received in supercritical fluid extraction method with special emphasis to the biochemical compound like phenol as well as the effect of various parameters like temperature, pressure, time and particle size on the phenol content. Maximunm phenol amount 1868.25 mg/100 gm was obtained at the at the 70°C and 250 bar pressure and minimum phenol 508.20 mg/100 gm was found at 70°C with 100 bar pressure in the supercritical fluid extraction method.
Switchable Ion Current Saturation Regimes Enabled via Heterostructured Nanofluidic Devices Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Laucirica Gregorio , Allegretto Juan A. , Wagner Michael F. , Toimil‐Molares Maria Eugenia , Trautmann Christina , Rafti Matías , Marmisollé Waldemar , Azzaroni Omar
Published: October 2022

The use of track‐etched membranes allows further fine‐tuning of transport regimes and thus enables their use in (bio)sensing and energy‐harvesting applications, among others. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been combined with such membranes to further increase their potential. Herein, the creation of a single track‐etched nanochannel modified with the UiO‐66 MOF is proposed. By the interfacial growth method, UiO‐66‐confined synthesis fills the nanochannel completely and smoothly, yet its constructional porosity renders a heterostructure along the axial coordinate of the channel. The MOF heterostructure confers notorious changes in the transport regime of the nanofluidic device. In particular, the tortuosity provided by the micro‐ and mesostructure of UiO‐66 added to its charged state leads to iontronic outputs characterized by an asymmetric ion current saturation for transmembrane voltages exceeding 0.3 V. Remarkably, this behavior can be easily and reversibly modulated by changing the pH of the media and it can also be maintained for a wide range of KCl concentrations. In addition, it is found that the modified‐nanochannel functionality cannot be explained by considering just the intrinsic microporosity of UiO‐66, but rather the constructional porosity that arises during the MOF growth process plays a central and dominant role.
Photothermal Nanozyme‐Based Microneedle Patch against Refractory Bacterial Biofilm Infection via Iron‐Actuated Janus Ion Therapy
Authors: Zhu Wanbo , Mei Jiawei , Zhang Xianzuo , Zhou Jun , Xu Dongdong , Su Zheng , Fang Shiyuan , Wang Jiaxing , Zhang Xianlong , Zhu Chen
Published: October 2022

Owing to high antibiotic resistance and thermotolerance, bacterial biofilm infections (BBIs) are refractory to elimination. Iron is essential for bacterial growth and metabolism, and bacteria can thus accumulate iron from surrounding cells to maintain biofilm formation and survival. Consequently, iron deficiency in the biofilm microenvironment (BME) leads to the functional failure of innate immune cells. Herein, a novel antibiofilm strategy of iron‐actuated Janus ion therapy (IJIT) is proposed to regulate iron metabolism in both bacterial biofilm and immune cells. A BME‐responsive photothermal microneedle patch (FGO@MN) is synthesized by the growth of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on graphene oxide nanosheets and then encapsulated in methacrylated hyaluronic acid needle tips. The catalytic product of ·OH by FGO@MN in BME disrupts the bacterial heat‐shock proteins, coercing biofilm thermal sensitization. As synergistic mild photothermal treatment triggers iron uptake, the intracellular iron overload further induces ferroptosis‐like death. Moreover, iron‐nourished neutrophils around BME can be rejuvenated for reactivating the suppressed antibiofilm function. Thus, more than 95% BBIs elimination can be achieved by combining heat stress‐triggered iron interference with iron‐nutrient immune reactivation. Furthermore, in vivo experiments validate the scavenging of refractory BBI after 15 days, suggesting the promising perspective of IJIT in future clinical application.
Ultralong Imaging Range Chromatic Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Sharma Gargi , Singh Kanwarpal
Published: October 2022

Confocal microscopy is regularly used in cellular research but unfortunately, the imaging is restricted to a single plane. Chromatic confocal microscopy (CCM) offers the possibility to image multiple planes simultaneously, thus providing a manifold increase in the imaging speed, whereas eliminating the need for z‐axis scanning. Standard chromatic confocal systems have a limited imaging range of the order of a few hundreds of micrometers which limits their applications. Herein, using a single zinc selenide lens, a CCM system that has an imaging range of 18 mm (±68 nm) with an average spatial resolution of 2.46 μm (±44 nm) and another system with a 1.55 mm (±14 nm) imaging range with 0.86 μm (±30 nm) average lateral spatial resolution is demonstrated. In doing so, sevenfold increase in the imaging range for the system with 1.55 mm imaging when compared with previously reported systems with similar lateral spatial resolution is achieved. The proposed approach can be a powerful tool for confocal imaging of biological samples or surface profiling of industrial samples.
Flexible and Transparent Composite Electrode with 3D Freestanding Architecture for Dopamine Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Xuan‐Yi , Xu Jian‐Long , Ren Shan , Yang Qian , Liu Mei‐Jia , Chang Xing‐Hua , Sun Yi‐Lin , Gao Xu , Zhong Ya‐Nan , Liu Yan‐Hua , Wang Sui‐Dong
Published: October 2022

Development of a flexible, transparent, and air‐permeable dopamine (DA) sensor is highly desirable for fully integrated optoelectrochemical probes, which can provide a useful tool for closed‐loop control and monitoring neural activities. Herein, a 3D freestanding architecture, which integrates a flexible and transparent metallic micromesh as the “core” with DA sensitive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the “shell,” has been developed for DA monitoring. The freestanding micromesh electrode shows not only high mechanical flexibility (without apparent performance variation after 100 bending times), high optical transparency (≈85% at 550 nm), and air permeability (≈2600 mm s−1 at 10 Pa), but also excellent DA sensing performance such as a sensitivity up to 1650 µAcm−2 mM−1, wide linear range from 1 × 10−6 to 1000 × 10−6 m, a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.27 × 10−6 m, high selectivity and high stability. The outstanding performance may arise from the core‐shell micromesh configuration, which combines high electrical conductivity of the Ni micromesh and high electrocatalytic activity of the PEDOT:PSS layer for DA oxidation. Such 3D freestanding architecture offers a simple and effective methodology to construct implantable biosensors for monitoring of DA and other neurotransmitters in the brain.
Low‐Cost Fabricated MgSnO Electrolyte‐Gated Synaptic Transistor with Dual Modulation of Excitation and Inhibition
Authors: Chen Biao , Sun Shangheng , Fan Shuangqing , Liu Xuhai , Li Qiang , Su Jie
Published: October 2022

Artificial synapses have attracted extensive attention due to their capacity to circumvent the inherent restrictions of Von Neumann computing architecture. Although electrolyte‐gated synaptic transistors (EGSTs) have been enabled to emulate the essential synaptic plasticity, the corresponding neurological applications have been restricted by the lack of inhibitory synaptic response and the subsequent low asymmetric non‐linearity factor. Here, Mg‐doped SnO2 (Mg:SnO2) EGSTs via a low‐cost and facile solution method are fabricated. With both excitatory and inhibitory response modes, the improved MgSnO EGSTs display variable synaptic plasticity, with featured characteristics such as excitatory post‐synaptic current (EPSC), inhibitory post‐synaptic current (IPSC), paired pulse facilitation (PPF), paired pulse depression (PPD), spiking rate dependent plasticity (SRDP), and spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP). For the University of California at Irvine image, a simulated artificial neural network built on MgSnO EGSTs may achieve a learning accuracy of 92.3%. In addition, digital logic processing, Pavlovian dog's experiment have all been realized by the newly designed MgSnO EGSTs. These results highlight the potential of the MgSnO EGSTs for next‐generation artificial intelligence systems.
Intrinsic Hydrogen‐Bond Donors‐Lined Organophosphate Superionic Nanochannels Levering High‐Rate‐Endurable Aqueous Zn Batteries
Authors: He Jiangfeng , Tang Yongchao , Liu Guigui , Li Hongqing , Ye Minghui , Zhang Yufei , Yang Qi , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Chengchao
Published: October 2022

Organic/inorganic hybrid artificial functional layer (AFL) designs of Zn anode have witnessed good progress in stabilizing the Zn anode. However, such processes remain uncapable of simultaneously providing durable protection and fast Zn2+migration, especially in high‐rate scenarios. Herein, intrinsic hydrogen‐bond donor (HBD)‐lined organophosphate superionic nanochannels are initially engineered to address this challenge. Due to unique ordered nanochannels with a smaller diameter than that of hydrated Zn2+ions and polyanions, hydroxymethyl Zn phosphates (Zn(O3PCH2OH, ZnOPC) are first considered for AFL design. The small size can provide an interception for polyanions. Density functional theory calculation indicates that ZnOPC nanochannels possess a 35% lower Zn2+migration energy barrier than conventional Zn phosphate, highly consistent with tested results. Additionally, as HBDs, rich ‐CH2OH groups located at nanochannels impose a targeted hydrogen‐bonding interaction with water molecules. Consequently, at an ultrahigh current density up to 50 mA cm−2, the Zn@ZnOPC anode shows a 36% lower overpotential than that of the bare Zn anode. As‐assembled Zn @ ZnOPC//NaV3O8· 1.5H2O full cells exhibit an ultralong lifespan of 20 000 cycles at 20 A g−1, with a low capacity‐decay of 0.016% per cycle. This work features a targeted hydrogen bonding‐enhanced desolvation effect occurring in organophosphate superionic nanochannels, which would enlighten to explore reliable fast‐charging aqueous batteries.
Residue decomposition dynamics in mixed ratios of two warm‐season cover crops
Authors: Dorissant Larousse , Brym Zachary T. , Swartz Stacy
Published: October 2022

Cover crop residue management has gained attention over the past few decades due to the potential of cover crop residues to provide soil cover and nutrient availability for subsequent crops. Nutrients released from cover crop residues depend on the nutrient composition of plant tissue and ensuing rates of mineralization. To evaluate the rate of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization from cover crops, a field decomposition experiment was conducted in a humid subtropical agricultural field. Residues of two warm‐season cover crops, sunn hemp (Crotalaria junceaL.) and sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolorL. ×S. bicolorvar. Sudanese), were placed in litterbags at various mixture ratios on the soil surface to quantify the amount of N and C released from the residues over 56 d. Residue biomass decomposition followed decay patterns that were similar despite treatment mixtures of cover crop ratios. The initial ratio of cover crop material in the litter mixture influenced early N release where ratios with increasing sunn hemp increased N decomposition. The majority of residue breakdown (50–75%), and C (50–75%) and N (65–75%) decomposition occurred during the first 7 d for all the treatments. A minor fraction of residue remained (10–14%) at Day 56, with 10–14% C and 7–25% N. The 25% N remained in the sole sorghum sudangrass treatment. These results indicate that N from legume cover crops may not be available to subsequent crops in humid subtropical soils lacking the capacity to retain nutrients leached out of cover crop residue, though small fractions of dry matter may remain.
Magnetically Guided Laser Surgery for the Treatment of Twin‐to‐Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Lussi Jonas , Gervasoni Simone , Mattille Michelle , Dreyfus Roland , Boehler Quentin , Reinehr Michael , Ochsenbein Nicole , Nelson Bradley J , Moehrlen Ueli
Published: October 2022

Twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a severe disorder that often leads to the death of monochorionic twin fetuses, if left untreated. Current prenatal interventions to treat the condition involve the use of rigid fetoscopes for targeted laser coagulation of the vascular anastomoses. These tools are limited in their area of operation, making treatment challenging, especially in cases with anterior placentation. Herein, a robotic platform to perform this task using remote magnetic navigation is proposed. In contrast to rigid tools, the presented custom magnetic fetoscope is highly flexible, dexterous, and has considerable advantages, including safety and precision. A visual servoing algorithm that allows the surgeon to navigate in the uterus with submillimeter precision is introduced. The system has been validated on ex vivo human placentas in a setting that mimics the real intraoperative conditions.
Genetic diagnosis and renal biopsy findings in the setting of a renal genetics clinic
Authors: Ben Moshe Yishay , Bekheirnia Nasim , Smith Richard J. H. , Hicks John , Braun Michael C. , Bekheirnia Mir Reza
Published: October 2022

As genetic testing becomes more available, its utilization as an early diagnostic tool in nephrology is more common. The objective of the study is to examine diagnostic agreement between the renal biopsy findings and genetic diagnoses. A retrospective study was conducted in February 2022. A total of 28 patients had both genetic diagnosis and histologic results (n = 1 nephrectomy, n = 27 biopsy). We collected clinical, renal biopsy findings, and genetic information. The relationship between the histologic findings and the genetic diagnoses was classified as: concordant, nonspecific, and discordant. A total of 15 males and 13 females were included (mean age = 9.6 years). Clinical suspicion of Alport syndrome was the most common reason for referral (n = 11, 39.3%), followed by nephrotic syndrome (n = 8, 28.5%), “other” (n = 6, 21.4%), cystic kidney disease (n = 1, 3.6%), isolated hematuria (n = 1, 3.6%), and non‐nephrotic proteinuria (n = 1, 3.6%). The overall concordance rate between renal histologic and genetic diagnoses was 71.4% (20/28), nonspecific biopsy results were observed in 17.9% (5/28), and discordant results were observed in 10.7% (3/28). All patients referred for suspected Alport Syndrome had pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in one of the COL4A genes. Two cases of Lowe syndrome and one of PAX2‐associated nephropathy had discordant histology findings. Agreement between renal histologic findings and genetic results varies based on the reason for referral. There was a complete agreement for patients referred for Alport Syndrome; However, there were examples that renal biopsy showed secondary findings that were not specifically associated with the underlying genetic results.
Transition‐Metal Free C(sp3)−H Sulfonylation for the Synthesis of 2‐Sulfolmethyl Quinolines from 2‐Methylquinolines and Sulfonyl Hydrazides
Authors: Li Qian , Zhu Haibo , Yang Liu , Meng Jia , Xie Zongbo , Le Zhang‐Gao
Published: October 2022

An efficient and transition metal‐free C(sp3)−H sulfonylation method is described for the synthesis of 2‐sulfolmethyl quinolines from 2‐methylquinolines and the inexpensive sulfonyl hydrazides. Generally, this protocol uses KI as an additive in the presence of the oxidant tert‐butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB), an efficient and compatible benign method that delivers 2‐sulfolmethyl quinolines products in moderate to good yields.
Human maxillary sinus size, shape, and surface area: Implications for structural and functional hypotheses
Authors: Kim Suhhyun , Ward Lyndee A. , Butaric Lauren N. , Maddux Scott D.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Although research into human maxillary sinus (MS) morphology has overwhelmingly focused on sinus volume, other aspects of morphology (e.g., overall shape, mucosal surface area) factor prominently in hypotheses regarding MS form and function. Here, we investigate MS volume in conjunction with measures of MS shape and surface area in a large, diverse sample of modern humans. We test whether variation in MS volume is associated with predictable changes in MS shape (i.e., allometry) and investigate the influence of MS size‐shape scaling on mucosal surface area dynamics.

Materials and Methods

Measures of MS volume and surface area were obtained from computed tomographic (CT) scans of 162 modern human crania from three ancestral backgrounds—Equatorial Africa, Europe, and East Asia. 3D coordinate landmarks and linear measurements were also collected. Multivariate analyses were employed to test for associations between MS volume and other morphological variables.

Results

Significant associations between MS volume and 3D shape were identified both across and within the subsamples. Variation in MS volume was found to predominantly relate to differences in MS height and width dimensions relative to MS length. This pattern of allometric scaling was found to differentially influence total mucosal surface area and the SAV ratio.

Conclusion

This study suggests that variation in MS volume is disproportionately mediated by MS width and height dimensions. This finding has implications for hypotheses which structurally link MS morphology to craniofacial ontogeny and those which suggest that MS morphology may perform adaptive physiological functions.
A comparative study of proton conduction between two new Cd(II) and Co(II) complexes and in vitro antibacterial study of the Cd(II) complex
Authors: Li Yuyan , Li Duqingcuo , Qin Tianrui , Shi Zhan , Fu Pengkun , Xiong Dingqi , Dong Xiuyan
Published: October 2022

Two new complexes based on 4,4′‐[1,3‐phenylenebis(oxy)]diphthalic acid (H4L) ligands were synthesized, namely, [Cd2(L)(1,10‐phen)2(H2O)]n(1) and [Co2(L)(1,10‐phen)2(H2O)]n(2), in which 2D structures transform into 3D supramolecular structures by CH···π interaction. The proton conductivity of complexes 1 and 2 at low temperature is close (σ1 = 3.12 × 10−8 S cm−1 and σ2 = 3.81 × 10−8 S cm−1 at 30°C), but these two complexes show different conduction mechanisms. The Vehicular mechanism in 1 is caused by the O···H/H···O contact in 1, which is stronger than 2, and the Grotthuss mechanism in 2 is caused by the N···H/H···N contact in 2, which is stronger than 1. At the same time, complex 1 showed excellent antibacterial properties in vitro, mainly reflected in that five kinds of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas putida, and Pectobacterium carotovora) could play an obvious inhibitory effect in the concentration range of 20 μg·ml−1.
Bioplastics innovation: commercialization strategies for polyethylene furanoate (PEF) and polyhydroxy alkanoates (PHA)
Authors: Kunamaneni Suneel
Published: October 2022

Plastics have become ubiquitous materials essential for modern life and sustaining the global economy. On the other hand, their dependence on dwindling fossil fuel sources and their durability has raised concerns about their sustainability. Biobased plastics, which include biodegradable plastics, appear to be an appealing solution, yet their uptake has been slow. This paper specifically looks at the commercialization challenges for two bioplastics: polyethylene furanoate (PEF) and polyhydroxy alkanoate (PHA), that have been claimed by the industry as potentially disruptive. The superior barrier, mechanical and thermal properties of PEF present a suitable competition to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The versatility and marine biodegradability of PHAs have attracted interest from several potential adopters. However, the high production costs of both pose a serious commercialization challenge when considering the established production, supply chain and recycling infrastructure for fossil‐based plastics. This study illustrates how firms are mitigating technical and market uncertainties by strategies such as adding value to other products, utilizing existing industrial assets, balancing exploration of more efficient and sustainable production pathways with commercial exploitation, lowering transaction costs by utilizing existing knowledge base, by developing formulation capabilities and forward integrating into end consumer products, or by entering collaborative alliances. These strategies could inevitably overcome inertia posed by the current market structure for fossil‐based plastics. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Outcomes of paclitaxel‐coated balloon angioplasty for in‐stent calcified nodule: An optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Masuda Hisaki , Kuramitsu Shoichi , Ito Tomoaki , Morofuji Toru , Domei Takenori , Hyodo Makoto , Shirai Shinichi , Ando Kenji
Published: October 2022

Background

Paclitaxel‐coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty emerges as an effective therapeutic option for in‐stent restenosis (ISR). However, whether PCB angioplasty would be effective for in‐stent calcified nodule (ISCN) lesions remain fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and outcomes of ISCN in patients undergoing PCB angioplasty for ISR after second‐generation drug‐eluting stents (G2‐DES) implantation.

Methods

This study enrolled 179 lesions (160 patients) undergoing PCB angioplasty for G2‐DES restenosis with optical coherence tomography guidance. According to the presence of ISCN at the minimum lumen area, the lesions were divided into two groups: the ISCN (n = 16) and the non‐ISCN groups (n = 163). The primary study endpoint was the cumulative 3‐year incidence of target lesion failure (TLF; a composite of cardiac death, clinically driven target vessel revascularization, and definite stent thrombosis) on a lesion basis.

Results

ISCN was observed in 16 of 179 lesions (8.9%). Cumulative 3‐year incidence of TLF was significantly higher in the ISCN group than in the non‐CN group (85.3% vs. 16.9%, inverse probability weighted hazard ratio [HR] 4.46, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 2.42–8.22, p < 0.001). Risk factors associated with TLF were ISCN (HR 4.55, 95% CI: 1.56–13.3, p = 0.005), recurrent ISR (HR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.50–3.30, p = 0.001), and early ISR (HR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.21–3.92, p = 0.009).

Conclusion

ISCN was observed in 8.3% of G2‐DES restenosis. PCB angioplasty had little effect on ISCN lesions compared with non‐ISCN lesions, suggesting the need for careful clinical follow‐up of patients with ISCN lesions after PCB angioplasty.
Reactive template‐derived interfacial engineering of CoP/CoO heterostructured porous nanotubes towards superior electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhou Qixing , Sun Ruoxu , Ren Yiping , Tian Run , Yang Jun , Pang Huan , Huang Kai , Tian Xinlong , Xu Lin , Tang Yawen
Published: October 2022

The development of economical, efficient, and robust electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is highly imperative for the rapid advancement of renewable H2 energy‐associated technologies. Extensive utilization of the heterointerface effect can endow the catalysts with remarkably boosted electrocatalytic performance due to the modified electronic state of active sites. Herein, we demonstrate deliberate crafting of CoP/CoO heterojunction porous nanotubes (abbreviated as CoP/CoO PNTs hereafter) using a self‐sacrificial template‐engaged strategy. Precise control over the Kirkendall diffusion process of the presynthesized cobalt–aspartic acid complex nanowires is indispensable for the formation of CoP/CoO heterostructures. The topochemical transformation strategy of the reactive templates enables uniform and maximized construction of CoP/CoO heterojunctions throughout all the porous nanotubes. The establishment of CoP/CoO heterojunctions could considerably modify the electronic configuration of the active sites and also improve the electric conductivity, which endows the resultant CoP/CoO PNTs with enhanced intrinsic activity. Simultaneously, the hollow and porous nanotube architectures allow sufficient accessibility of exterior/interior surfaces and molecular permeability, drastically promoting the reaction kinetics. Consequently, when used as HER electrocatalysts, the well‐designed CoP/CoO PNTs show Pt‐like activity, with an overpotential of only 61 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and excellent stability in 1.0 M KOH medium, exceeding those of the vast majority of the previously reported nonprecious candidates. Density functional theory calculations further substantiate that the construction of CoP/CoO heterojunctions enables optimization of the Gibbs free energies for water adsorption and H adsorption, resulting in boosted HER intrinsic activity. The present study may provide in‐depth insights into the fundamental mechanisms of heterojunction‐induced electronic regulation, which may pave the way for the rational design of advanced Earth‐abundant electrocatalysts in the future.
Fluidization Characteristics of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers
Authors: Leckner Bo
Published: October 2022

The fluidization in the furnace of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers is described. Data have been obtained from a 12 MWth CFB boiler and from literature. The bottom bed is bubbling rather than fast or turbulently fluidized as is often assumed. There is an extended splash zone above this bed, in which particles are thrown up by the bubbles and fall back onto the bottom bed. Other particles are carried further into the transport zone, initially as a saturated gas flow, but some particles move into the wall layers and the density decays towards the exit. The density of the transport zone is low, and the circulation rate is relatively seen small. Therefore, this flow is in a state of dilute‐phase transport and not in the fast fluidization regime, such as is often claimed.
Sex‐specific risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis progression in a high‐risk population of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Cheng Qi , Zhou Dan , Wang Jiabin , Nie Zhiqiang , Feng Xiaoxuan , Huang Yuqing , Liang Qiaomin , Feng Yingqing
Published: October 2022

Background

The progression of carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) and plaques are associated with cardiovascular health, especially for high‐risk population of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Hypothesis

Risk factors for atherosclerosis may vary by sex. This study aimed to investigate the sex‐specific risk factors of cIMT and plaque progression.

Methods

We selected subjects who were identified as high‐risk population of CVD, and collected their carotid ultrasound data and baseline characteristics. Linear regression and logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for cIMT and plaque progression. Sex‐specific risk factors were identified respectively.

Results

A total of 7908 participants were included. The mean age was 57.75 ± 9.45 years and 61.51% were female. During mean follow‐up of 1.92 ± 0.89 years, the median annual cIMT change rate was −7.25 μm/year. Seven hundred and fifteen subjects free from plaques at baseline developed plaque. Age, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes were common risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis progression in all participants. Smoking and alcohol drinking were significantly associated with increased cIMT change in women, while hypertension and antihypertensive medication were significant in men. Increased total cholesterol and diabetes were significantly associated with new plaque presence in women, while smoking, increased triglyceride, and dyslipidemia were significant in men (p ˂ .05 for all cases). The association of baseline cIMT and smoking with annual cIMT change rate and increased total cholesterol with new plaque presence were significantly differentiated between both sexes (p for interaction ˂ .05).

Conclusions

The risk factors for cIMT and plaque progression differed by sex.
A Nanofiber‐embedded Microfluidic Platform for Studying Neurobiology
Authors: Lee Donghee , Shree Sharma Navatha , Shatil Shahriar S. M. , Yang Kai , Yan Zheng , Xie Jingwei
Published: October 2022

Due to their biomimetic properties, electrospun nanofibers have been widely used in neurobiology studies. However, mechanistic understanding of cell‐nanofiber interactions is challenging based on the current in vitro culture systems due to the lack of control of spatiotemporal patterning of cells and difficulty in monitoring single cell behavior. To overcome these issues, we apply microfluidic technology in combination with electrospun nanofibers for in vitro studies of interactions between neurons and nanofiber materials. We demonstrate a unique nanofiber embedded microfluidic device which contains patterned aligned or random electrospun nanofibers as a new culture system. With this device, we test how different topographies affect axonal growth. Also, we conduct laser based axotomy on neurons cultured on our device to investigate axonal regeneration. The proposed device could be a useful tool for investigating nerve injury mechanisms and high‐throughput screening of biomaterials or drugs for nerve repair. The knowledge obtained using this device can be applicable to design medical devices such as nerve conduits for effective nerve regeneration.
Cognitive behavioural therapy for women with infertility: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Guangpeng , Liu Xueyan , Lei Jun
Published: October 2022

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been used for women with infertility. However, the efficacy of CBT among the infertile female population remains inconclusive. We performed a systematic literature search using the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), CINAHL, PsycINFO (OVID), Web of Science, and ProQuest databases from the inception to May 2022. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Revman 5.4 was conducted for statistical analysis, and meta‐analyses were performed to calculate the pooled effects of CBT. Sixteen articles were finally included in the meta‐analysis. The results of the meta‐analysis revealed large, significant effects of cognitive‐behavioural interventions that can effectively reduce depression, anxiety symptoms, psychological distress, perceived stress, infertility‐specific stress, and improve the quality of life in women with infertility. However, the pooled MD using a fixed‐effects model was 0.25, 95% CI [−0.33, 0.84], P = 0.40, and no significant differences in BMI were observed among those who received CBT therapy compared with those who did not. CBT effectively alleviates depression, anxiety, psychological distress, and infertility‐specific stress levels and improves the quality of life among women with infertility. Future studies should explore the sustainability and long‐term effect of cognitive‐behavioural interventions in women with infertility.
Recovery from chronic depression and structural change: 5‐year outcomes after psychoanalytic and cognitive‐behavioural long‐term treatments (LAC depression study)
Authors: Beutel Manfred , Krakau Lina , Kaufhold Johannes , Bahrke Ulrich , Grabhorn Alexa , Hautzinger Martin , Fiedler Georg , Kallenbach‐Kaminski Lisa , Ernst Mareike , Rüger Bernhard , Leuzinger‐Bohleber Marianne
Published: October 2022

Objective

Psychotherapy of chronic depression has remained a challenge due to limited prognosis and high rates of recurrence. We present 5‐year outcome data from a multicentre trial comparing psychoanalytic (PAT) and cognitive‐behavioural (CBT) long‐term treatments with randomized and preferred allocations analysing symptom (N = 227) and structural change (N = 134) trajectories.

Method

Self‐ and blinded expert ratings of depression symptoms were performed at yearly intervals using the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS‐C). Blinded expert ratings of Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD) and the Heidelberg Restructuring Scale (HRS) at baseline, 1, 3, and 5 years assessed structural change in a subsample.

Results

Lasting and comparable symptom changes were achieved by PAT and CBT. However, compared to CBT, PAT was more successful in restructuring, a major goal of long‐term psychodynamic treatments with high frequency and duration.

Limitations

Due to practical reasons, the time criterion for chronic depression of an acute phase had to be defined for over 1 year in the present study, which does not correspond to the DSM‐5 criterion of 2 years. Therapy duration and session frequency were not incorporated into the statistical models.

Conclusion

Long‐term psychotherapy helps patients with a yearlong history of depression and often multiple unsuccessful treatment attempts to achieve lasting symptom changes. Future follow‐up will clarify whether restructuring promotes further sustainable improvements.
Long non‐coding RNA VAL facilitates PKM2 enzymatic activity to promote glycolysis and malignancy of gastric cancer
Authors: Dai Ting , Zhang Xin , Zhou Xiang , Hu Xiaoxia , Huang Xiaodi , Xing Feiyue , Tian Han , Li Yun
Published: October 2022

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, which leads to more than 10% of cancer‐related deaths. Metabolism reprogramming presents as a pivotal event in cancer initiation and progression through enhancing aerobic glycolysis and anabolic metabolism. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms in GC remain unknown.

Methods

VAL was identified by bioinformatics analyses in GC. Cell‐based assays and mouse model illustrate the role of VAL in GC. RNA pull‐down, immunoprecipitation assay and Western blot elucidate the interaction between VAL and PKM2. Pyruvate kinase activity, ECAR and OCR were measured to validate aerobic glycolysis of GC cells.

Results

Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) VAL is significantly upregulated in GCs and indicates poor prognosis. Functional assays showed that VAL promotes GC malignant progression. Mechanistically, VAL strengthens the enzymatic activity of PKM2 and aerobic glycolysis of GC cells through directly binding with PKM2 to abrogate the PKM2–Parkin interaction, and to suppress Parkin‐induced polyubiquitination of PKM2. In addition, glucose starvation induces VAL expression to enhance this process.

Conclusions

Our study provides an insight into an lncRNA‐dependent regulation on the enzymatic activity of PKM2, and suggests a potential of targeting VAL or PKM2 as promising biomarkers in GC diagnosis and treatment.
Pulsed Laser Annealed Ga HyperdopedPoly‐Si/SiOxPassivating Contacts for High‐Efficiency Monocrystalline Si Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Kejun , Napolitani Enrico , De Tullio Matteo , Jiang Chun‐Sheng , Guthrey Harvey , Sgarbossa Francesco , Theingi San , Nemeth William , Page Matthew , Stradins Paul , Agarwal Sumit , Young David L.
Published: October 2022

Polycrystalline Si (poly‐Si)‐based passivating contacts are promising candidates for high‐efficiency crystalline Si solar cells. We show that nanosecond‐scale pulsed laser melting (PLM) is an industrially viable technique to fabricate such contacts with precisely controlled dopant concentration profiles that exceed the solid solubility limit. We demonstrate that conventionally doped, hole‐selectivepoly‐Si/SiOxcontacts that provide poor surface passivation ofc‐Si can be replaced with Ga‐ or B‐doped contacts based on non‐equilibrium doping. We overcome the solid solubility limit for both dopants inpoly‐Si by rapid cooling and recrystallization over a timescale of ∼25 ns. We show an active Ga dopant concentration of ∼3 × 1020 cm−3inpoly‐Si which is six times higher than its solubility limit inc‐Si, and a B dopant concentration as high as ∼1021 cm−3. We measure an implied open‐circuit voltage of 735 mV for Ga‐dopedpoly‐Si/SiOxcontacts on Czochralski Si with a low contact resistivity of 35.5 ± 2.4 mΩ cm2. Scanning spreading resistance microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy show large diffusion and drift current in thep‐njunction that contributes to the low contact resistivity. Our results suggest that PLM can be extended for hyperdoping of other semiconductors with low solubility atoms to enable high‐efficiency devices.
Allenyl Radicals in Organic Synthesis: Challenges and Recent Advances
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhang Jitang
Published: October 2022

Allenyl radicals are rarely employed as intermediates for the synthesis of allenes probably owe to the lack of convenient methods for their generation and the high reactivity of short‐lived allenyl radicals. However, strategies take advantage of allenyl radicals are considered as a significant complement to reactions which couldn't proceed via an allenyl ionic pathway. As a result, several important methods have been developed in the past decades. Herein, this review is aimed to summarize the recent advance in reactions involving allenyl radicals by highlighting some outstanding challenges and confirming potential areas of improvement, which would offer an inspiration for future studies