bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sunyaev-Zel’dovich detection of the galaxy cluster Cl J1449+0856 at z = 1.99: The pressure profile in uv space
Authors: Gobat R. , Daddi E. , Coogan R. T. , Le Brun A. M. C. , Bournaud F. , Melin J.-B. , Riechers D. A. , Sargent M. , Valentino F. , Hwang H. S. , Finoguenov A. , Strazzullo V.
Published: August 2019

We present Atacama Large Millimetre Array and Atacama Compact Array observations of the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect in the z = 2 galaxy cluster Cl J1449+0856, an X-ray-detected progenitor of typical massive clusters in the present day Universe. While in a cleaned but otherwise untouched 92 GHz map of this cluster little to no negative signal is visible, careful subtraction of known sub-millimetre emitters in the uv plane reveals a decrement at 5σ significance. The total signal is −190 ± 36 μJy, with a peak offset by 5″–9″ (∼50 kpc) from both the X-ray centroid and the still-forming brightest cluster galaxy. A comparison of the recovered uv-amplitude profile of the decrement with different pressure models allows us to derive total mass constraints consistent with the ∼6 × 1013M⊙ estimated from X-ray data. Moreover, we find no strong evidence for a deviation of the pressure profile with respect to local galaxy clusters, although a slight tension at small-to-intermediate spatial scales suggests a flattened central profile, opposite to that seen in a cool core and possibly an AGN-related effect. This analysis of the lowest mass single SZ detection so far illustrates the importance of interferometers when observing the SZ effect in high-redshift clusters, the cores of which cannot be considered quiescent, such that careful subtraction of galaxy emission is necessary.
The LUMBA UVES stellar parameter pipeline
Authors: Gavel Alvin , Gruyters Pieter , Heiter Ulrike , Korn Andreas J. , Lind Karin , Nordlander Thomas
Published: August 2019

Context. The Gaia-ESO Survey has taken high-quality spectra of a subset of 100 000 stars observed with the Gaia spacecraft. The goal for this subset is to derive chemical abundances for these stars that will complement the astrometric data collected by Gaia. Deriving the chemical abundances requires that the stellar parameters be determined.

Aims. We present a pipeline for deriving stellar parameters from spectra observed with the FLAMES-UVES spectrograph in its standard fibre-fed mode centred on 580 nm, as used in the Gaia-ESO Survey. We quantify the performance of the pipeline in terms of systematic offsets and scatter. In doing so, we present a general method for benchmarking stellar parameter determination pipelines.

Methods. Assuming a general model of the errors in stellar parameter pipelines, together with a sample of spectra of stars whose stellar parameters are known from fundamental measurements and relations, we use a Markov chain Monte Carlo method to quantitatively test the pipeline.

Results. We find that the pipeline provides parameter estimates with systematic errors on effective temperature below 100 K, on surface gravity below 0.1 dex, and on metallicity below 0.05 dex for the main spectral types of star observed in the Gaia-ESO Survey and tested here. The performance on red giants is somewhat lower.

Conclusions. The pipeline performs well enough to fulfil its intended purpose within the Gaia-ESO Survey. It is also general enough that it can be put to use on spectra from other surveys or other spectrographs similar to FLAMES-UVES.
The FED-Method (Fixation, Elongation, Derotation) – a Machine-supported Treatment Approach to Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis – Systematic Review
Authors: Nisser Jenny , Smolenski Ulrich , Sliwinski Grzegorz Eugeniusz , Schumann Paula , Heinke Andreas , Malberg Hagen , Werner Michael , Elsner Sophia , Drossel Welf-Guntram , Sliwinski Zbigniew , Derlien Steffen
Published: August 2019

Background The FED method (Fixation, Elongation, Derotation) is a treatment method approach to Patients with scoliosis. The FED method is especially established in Spain and Poland, whereby in Germany it is less well-known. Nevertheless the FED method is within the scope of a research project (Project Number: 19200 BR/3). The purpose of the paper is to characterize the FED method and to highlight the specificities in contrast to the Schroth method, which is international established and especially in Germany.

Methods This systematic literature research was conducted in Nov 2017–Jan 2018. Therefore common medical and physiotherapeutic databases were used. Furthermore there was a hand search in selected scientific journals. Only a small number of relevant references were identified. That is why the respective authors were asked to provide the full-texts of their papers and to recommend further references.

Results A total of 378 references were identified. After removing duplicates and the content-related selection, 19 references were deemed to be relevant. Based on the analysis of this relevant literature, the FED method was comprehensively characterized. First of all the general structure of the FED method and the scientific evidence for its effectiveness was described. And as a result of the literature research, the operating principles of the FED method were pointed out. Then these operating principles were discussed in comparison with the Schroth method. The Schroth method based on sensomotoric and kinesthetic principles and the correction of the pathologic posture was performed by selective muscle activation and breathing-pattern. Thus, the posture correction will be performed by the patients (auto correction). Compared to the Schroth method, the FED method implements the posture correction by the FED-device. This correction is influenced by mechanical forces with a comparatively high strength and intensity. The repetitive mechanical correction stimulates the sensomotoric system. And due to trophic/biochemical adaptations, the physiological bone growth will be stimulated.

Conclusion In total the authors want to clarify, that both treatment methods (Schroth method, FED method) supposed to be applied in consideration of the preconditions of the patients and the pursue of the different treatment goals. Thus, the implementation of treatment methods should be used according to the individual treatment demand and on different stages in the treatment process.
Radiographic Osteoarthritis Prevalence Over Ten Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Tianwu , Wang Shuang , Li Yunxia , Ai Chengchong , Jiang Fangyi , Chen Shiyi
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to conduct an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) over minimal ten years after ACL reconstruction. The database of Pubmed and the Ovid was adopted. The radiographic knee OA over minimal ten years after ACL reconstruction was systematically reviewed. Both the ipsilateral and contralateral knees were evaluated referring to the tibiofemoral joint (TFJ), the patellofemoral joint (PFJ), and the overall knee OA prevalence. Nineteen studies were included for review, with nine screened for the meta-analysis. The overall knee OA rate ranged from 8.3–79.2%, meanly 51.6% on the ipsilateral side; ranged from 3.6–35.7%, meanly 15.5% on the contralateral side. Compared to the contralateral side, the RR of developing radiographic OA was 3.73 (P<0.01) for the overall knee, 2.88 (P<0.01) for TFJ, and 2.42 (P<0.01) for PFJ. Ipsilaterally, the RR of developing TFJ radiographic OA was 1.15 (P<0.01) compared to that of the PFJ. Over a minimum of 10 years after surgery, more than half the cases developed overall radiographic OA on the ipsilateral knee, which was nearly four times higher than the contralateral side. On the ipsilateral knee, the TFJ was most affected.
Analyse der Behandlungszahlen in den Münchener Notaufnahmen
des Jahres 2013/2014
Authors: Trentzsch Heiko , Dodt Christoph , Gehring Christian , Veser Alexander , Jauch Karl-Walter , Prückner Stephan ,   Studiengruppe „Runder Tisch Notfallversorgung Landeshauptstadt
                        München“
Published: August 2019

Die Notfallversorgung in den deutschen Krankenhaus-Notaufnahmen ist kaum
erforscht. Anlässlich der Restrukturierung des Städtischen
Klinikums München initiierte der Stadtrat den „Runden Tisch
Notfallversorgung“ um Richtzahlen für die
Kapazitätsplanung zu erhalten. Die vorliegende Studie sollte dazu
Behandlungsdaten von 14, an der Notfallversorgung hauptsächlich
beteiligten, Krankenhausnotaufnahmen analysieren. Für stationäre
Fälle wurden Daten nach §21 Krankenhausentgeltgesetz,
für ambulante Fälle – soweit verfügbar –
ähnliche Daten herangezogen, anonymisiert und mit Rettungsdienstdaten
zusammengeführt. Um die Bereiche Behandlungsdringlichkeit,
diagnostischer/therapeutischer Aufwand und Bettenbedarf beschreiben zu
können wurden die Daten jeweils in einem vierstufigen System
kategorisiert. Aus 12 Monaten wurden 524 716 Behandlungsfälle
erfasst: 34% wurden stationär aufgenommen, 80% kamen
ohne zu Hilfenahme des Rettungsdienstes. Jeder siebte Patient, der
selbstständig eine Notaufnahme aufsuchte, benötigte ein
Intensiv- oder Überwachungsbett (ICU/IMC). Pro Tag und 100 000
Einwohner stellten sich 64 Fälle mit einem Bettenbedarf von 7
ICU/IMC und 15 Normalstationsbetten vor. Die meisten Fälle
(66%) wurden ambulant behandelt und kamen zu Zeiten, in denen
kassenärztliche Notfallversorgungseinrichtungen erreichbar
wären. Die Dringlichkeit dieser Fälle war meist gering
(50,9%), der Aufwand oft aber hoch, begründet durch Diagnostik
und chirurgische Versorgungen. Die Studie liefert Grundlagen zur Planung der
Notfallversorgung. Ein Großteil der Vorstellungen scheint insbesondere
bei Verletzungen und bei Krankheitsbildern, die einer differenzierten
Abklärung bedürfen, medizinisch gerechtfertigt weshalb
entsprechende Kapazitäten eingeplant werden müssen. Die Studie
zeigt auch, dass eine Kapazitätsplanung allein auf der Basis der
rettungsdienstlich vorgestellten Fälle eine ungeeignete, weil einseitige
Betrachtungsweise ist.
Toilettenhygiene in Schulen: ein altes und immer noch aktuelles
Thema. Ergebnisse einer Umfrage bei Schulleitungen und Schülern in
Frankfurt am Main, 2018
Authors: Heudorf Ursel , Neuhäusel Tim , Demircan Yunus , Leonhardt Kerstin , Petrozziello Sofiya , Savas Gamze , Steul Katrin
Published: August 2019

Hintergrund Aufgrund zahlreicher Rückmeldungen zu dem Zustand der
Toiletten an Frankfurter Schulen wurde im Juni 2018 eine Umfrage bei
Schulleitungen und Schülern zu deren Erfahrungen und Sichtweisen
durchgeführt. Ziele der Umfrage waren sowohl eine Bestandserhebung von
Problemlagen als auch die Erfassung von good practice-Beispielen.

Methoden Es wurden ein Fragebogen für die Schulleitungen und ein
weiterer Fragebogen für die Schüler entwickelt, welcher pro
Klasse ausgefüllt werden sollte. Erfahrungen und Vorschläge
wurden sowohl von den Schulleitungen als auch von den Schülern
erfragt

Ergebnisse 147 allgemeinbildende Schulen wurden angeschrieben. 86
Schulleitungen (Teilnahmequote 57,8%) schickten die Fragebögen
für die Leitung zurück. Aus 107 (Teilnahmequote 72,8%)
der Schulen wurden 982 Schüler/Klassen-Fragebogen
ausgefüllt zurückgeschickt. 18,6% der Schulleitungen
waren mit dem Zustand der Toiletten zufrieden; als Erfolgsfaktoren nannten sie
pädagogische Maßnahmen zum Nutzungsverhalten und Bereitstellung
ausreichender Hygieneartikel (je 14%) sowie eine erhöhte
Reinigungsfrequenz (12%). Als Ursache für Probleme gaben
73% der Leitungen das Schülerverhalten an, in weniger als
40% mangelhafte Reinigung. Verbesserungsvorschläge umfassten:
höhere Reinigungsintervalle , zusätzliches Aufsichtspersonal,
Bau/-Renovierungsarbeiten sowie ein höheres Budget für
Hygieneartikel. 10% der 982 Klassen gaben an, dass nichts an ihren
Toiletten störe, 92% der Klassen klagten über Gestank,
85% über Schmutz und 70% über fehlendes
Toilettenpapier. Als Gründe für Probleme gaben die Klassen in
89% das Verhalten der Schüler selbst an.
Verbesserungsvorschläge der Schüler reichen von verbesserter
Reinigung und mehr Reinigungspersonal über Baumaßnahmen, mehr
Kontrolle und Aufsicht usw. bis hin zu technischen Lösungen wie ein
Chip- und Code-System.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Umfrage bestätigt die deutlich
verbesserungsbedürftige Situation rund um die Problematik der
Schultoiletten. Sowohl die Schulleitungen als auch die Klassen nannten am
häufigsten das Nutzerverhalten der Schüler und Vandalismus als
Ursache, mit deutlichem Abstand gefolgt von Problemen mit der Reinigung oder
alten Toiletten. D.h. eine verbesserte Reinigung ist zwar häufig
erforderlich, reicht aber alleine – ohne eine Änderung des
Verhaltens der Schüler – nicht aus. Die vorgeschlagenen
Verbesserungsmaßnahmen sollten getestet und bei Bewährung
implementiert werden.
Präperitoneale umbilikale Netzplastik (PUMP): Indikationen, Technik und Resultate
Authors: Köhler Gernot , Lechner Michael , Kaltenböck Richard , Pfandner Richard , Hartig Nikolaus
Published: August 2019

Einleitung Das Prinzip der präperitonealen umbilikalen Mesh-Plastik (PUMP) besteht in der extraperitonealen Netzplatzierung hinter der Rektusmuskulatur mit nachfolgendem anterioren Fasziendefektverschluss. Schwierigkeiten können im Rahmen der Dissektion ebenso auftreten wie bei der Netzeinbringung, Entfaltung und Positionierung.

Methodik 81 konsekutive Patienten mit primären umbilikalen oder epigastrischen Hernien zwischen 2 und 4 cm Defektgröße, die zwischen Januar 2015 und März 2018 mittels PUMP-Technik operiert wurden, konnten prospektiv in der Herniamed-Datenbasis erfasst und retrospektiv ausgewertet werden. Es wurde konsistent dieselbe Technik angewendet, aber 3 verschiedene Implantate kamen im Verlauf des Beobachtungszeitraumes zum Einsatz. Diese Arbeit schildert unsere Erfahrungen und Resultate in Bezug auf die jeweils verwendeten Materialien.

Resultate Es gab keine intraoperativen, aber 6 postoperative Komplikationen (6/81 = 7,4%). Drei Patienten mussten ungeplant reoperiert werden. 76 von 81 Patienten (93,8%) waren für die 1-Jahres-Nachkontrolle verfügbar. Drei von 76 Patienten (3,9%) erlitten ein Rezidiv und 5 Patienten (6,6%) berichteten über behandlungsbedürftigen chronischen Schmerz.

Schlussfolgerung Jeder Chirurg sollte mit dem Implantat arbeiten, das am besten seinen Bedürfnissen sowie den klinischen Anforderungen und patientenindividuellen Faktoren gerecht wird. Die PUMP-Technik ist gut geeignet für Ventralhernien zwischen 2 und 4 cm Defektgröße ohne reparationsbedürftige pathologische Rektusdiastase und ermöglicht eine lokale extraperitoneale netzbasierte Defektverstärkung ohne das Risiko von intraperitonealen Komplikationen. Die Rezidivraten können im Vergleich zum Nahtverschluss gesenkt werden, ohne die Komplikationsraten zu erhöhen.
Positioning of a Volar Locking Plate with a Central Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon Notch in Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Kaiser Peter , Gruber Hannes , Loth Fanny , Schmidle Gernot , Arora Rohit , Gabl Markus
Published: August 2019

Background Volar locking plates with a central notch were designed to reduce the risk of flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon irritation after volar plating for distal radius fractures.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the course of the FPL tendon after FPL-plate osteosynthesis to identify a plate position that avoids an impingement with the FPL tendon.

Patients and Methods Nineteen patients treated with volar plating using an FPL plate for a distal radius fracture were evaluated. Transverse ultrasound images were used to assess whether the profile of the FPL tendon lied within the plate notch. The position of the FPL tendon on transverse ultrasound images was transferred onto postoperative dorsovolar X-ray images to define an FPL tendon corridor for a plate position not interfering with the FPL tendon.

Results The FPL tendon was aligned inside the plate notch completely in three cases, partially in 11 cases, and missed the notch in five cases. An FPL corridor was defined at the level of the watershed line with all FPL tendons being completely (74%) or partially (26%) aligned inside that corridor. There was a moderate correlation between the plate notch being positioned inside this corridor and the FPL tendon being positioned inside the plate notch (r = 0.49; p = 0.033).

Conclusion It seems advantageous to place the plate notch within a corridor parallel to the radial shaft between the ulnar edge of the scaphoid tubercle and the scapholunate interval for the FPL tendon protection.

Level of Evidence This is Level IV study.
Polynomials with multiple zeros and solvable dynamical systems including models in the plane with polynomial interactions
Authors: Calogero Francesco , Payandeh Farrin
Published: August 2019

The interplay among the time-evolution of the coefficients ymt and the zeros xnt of a generic time-dependent (monic) polynomial provides a convenient tool to identify certain classes of solvable dynamical systems. Recently, this tool has been extended to the case of nongeneric polynomials characterized by the presence, for all time, of a single double zero; subsequently, significant progress has been made to extend this finding to the case of polynomials featuring a single zero of arbitrary multiplicity. In this paper, we introduce an approach suitable to deal with the most general case, i.e., that of a nongeneric time-dependent polynomial with an arbitrary number of zeros each of which features, for all time, an arbitrary (time-independent) multiplicity. We then focus on the special case of a polynomial of degree 4 featuring only 2 different zeros, and by using a recently introduced additional twist of this approach, we thereby identify many new classes of solvable dynamical systems of the following type: ẋn=Pnx1,x2, n=1,2 , with Pnx1,x2 being two polynomials in the two variables x1t and x2t.
Overlapping the electric and magnetic dipole resonances of a silver 2D Babinet-type metasurface: Broadband high reflectance with local field enhancement
Authors: Kornienko V. V. , Shaimanov A. N. , Baryshev A. V.
Published: August 2019

Optical properties are numerically studied of a plasmonic planar 2D noble metal nanostructure with the design inspired by Babinet’s principle. We stack a 2D array of nanodisks and a complementary screen—2D periodically perforated film—so that they are separated by a dielectric spacer. Near-field interaction between electric and magnetic dipoles induced in metal metasurfaces results in increased reflectance and suppressed absorption, canceling out initial resonances in the individual nanostructures. The proposed metasurface has polarization- and angle of incidence-independent response in a wide frequency range as compared to the resonance bandwidth. The proposed design is robust to possible structural imperfections.
Electric field-temperature phase diagram of Bi1/2(Na0.8K0.2)1/2TiO3 relaxor ferroelectrics with Fe doping
Authors: Zhang Huazhang , Zhou Jing , Shen Jie , Yang Xiong , Wang Tianheng , Xiang Guanglei , Wei Quan , Chen Wen
Published: August 2019

Electrically and thermally induced transitions between ferroelectric and relaxor states are of great importance for Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 (BNT)-based materials because of their close relevance to electromechanical properties. In this study, the electric field-temperature (E-T) phase diagrams of Fe doped Bi1/2(Na0.8K0.2)1/2TiO3 (BNKT) ceramics are constructed via an experiment and theory combined approach. A novel phenomenological model based on the Landau-Devonshire theory and the Preisach model is proposed to describe the electric field induced phase transitions. Using this model, an approximate free-energy landscape is obtained by fitting the experimental double polarization-electric field loop, and then the electric field representing ferroelectric and relaxor two-phase equilibrium is calculated from the free-energy landscape for the construction of an E-T phase diagram. The constructed E-T phase diagrams meet basic thermodynamics requirements, for example, the Clausius-Clapeyron relation, and, therefore, overcome some of the shortcomings of previously reported E-T phase diagrams for BNT-based ceramics. The relationship between the E-T phase diagram and electromechanical properties is also established. From the E-T phase diagrams, it is predicted that Fe doping could lower the threshold field of triggering giant strains of BNKT ceramics at a high temperature. This prediction is successfully verified by experimental measurement of the electric field induced strain. At the optimized temperature for strain property, the threshold field of triggering giant strain is estimated to be about 2.6 kV/mm for a 3.0% Fe doped sample, significantly lower than 3.5 kV/mm for the undoped sample. This shows that the E-T phase diagram can provide valuable guidance for the improvement of electromechanical properties of BNT-based ceramics.
Conditional dynamic subfilter modeling
Authors: Hendra Graham R. , Bushe W. Kendal
Published: August 2019

A novel “conditional” variation of the dynamic approach for modeling of large eddy simulation subfilter terms is derived and tested. In contrast to the traditional dynamic closure, which stabilizes “raw” dynamic coefficients by averaging across ensembles of expected statistical homogeneity, the novel variation averages conditionally on some set of scalars whose local values are expected to correlate with the local degree of turbulence. Simulations of a nonpremixed jet flame show that the conditional dynamic model is both tractable and stable and produces predictions which are essentially indistinguishable from the traditional dynamic closure, although both models give suboptimal predictions. Future work could potentially improve the predictions of both models—facilitating a fairer comparison—by considering a more uniform or “pancake-like” grid.
Cavity-cavity coupling based on a terahertz rectangular subwavelength waveguide
Authors: Zhang Qi , Qi Jiwei , Lu Yao , Xiong Hao , Zhang Deng , Zhao Wenjuan , Wang Ride , Zhang Bin , Wu Qiang , Xu Jingjun
Published: August 2019

The waveguide-cavity system has significant applications for sensing as well as for constructing highly integrated optical circuits. In this paper, we analyzed the mode coupling of resonant cavities integrated into a LiNbO3 rectangular subwavelength waveguide, which is able to serve as an on-chip integrated platform at terahertz frequencies. Using a time-resolved imaging method, we visualized terahertz field evolution in the waveguide-cavity structure and determined the resonant characteristics in transmission and reflection spectra. Moreover, a cavity-cavity coupling was realized, which was demonstrated by the transmission window in the transmission spectrum. We also showed that the localized fields in the cavity-cavity structure were enhanced at the transmission window. These findings would be helpful for the development of terahertz on-chip waveguide-based information processing and sensing systems.
Thermodynamic metric geometry of the two-state ST2 model for supercooled water
Authors: Mausbach Peter , May Helge-Otmar , Ruppeiner George
Published: August 2019

Liquid water has anomalous liquid properties, such as its density maximum at 4 °C. An attempt at theoretical explanation proposes a liquid-liquid phase transition line in the supercooled liquid state, with coexisting low-density liquid (LDL) and high-density liquid (HDL) states. This line terminates at a critical point. It is assumed that the LDL state possesses mesoscopic tetrahedral structures that give it solidlike properties, while the HDL is a regular random liquid. But the short-lived nature of these solidlike structures makes them difficult to detect directly. We take a thermodynamic approach instead and calculate the thermodynamic Ricci curvature scalar R in the metastable liquid regime. It is believed that solidlike structures signal their presence thermodynamically by a positive sign for R, with a negative sign typically present in less organized fluid states. Using thermodynamic data from ST2 computer simulations fit to a mean field (MF) two state equation of state, we find significant regimes of positive R in the LDL state, supporting the proposal of solidlike structures in liquid water. In addition, we review the theory, compute critical exponents, demonstrate the large reach of the MF critical regime, and calculate the Widom line using R.
Collisional relaxation of a strongly magnetized ion-electron plasma
Authors: Cohen S. , Sarid E. , Gedalin M.
Published: August 2019

The relaxation of an ion-electron plasma due to collisions, in a uniform background magnetic field, is studied. Based on the recently found ion velocity transfer by a binary collision, the diffusion coefficients are derived. The Fokker-Planck equation is treated in the framework of the diffusion approximation, from which the drag term is extracted. The diffusion and drag coefficients are written appropriately in parallel and perpendicular components, relative to the direction of the magnetic field. Then, the relaxation times of the ion parallel and perpendicular temperatures are calculated. Finally, the energy loss rate of a test ion moving in an electron plasma is obtained, and a specific case in the conditions of the ALPHA experiment is presented.
Simultaneously measuring the electrical and optical response of electrochromic materials
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: August 2019

A new article presents an experimental setup that combines electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and color impedance spectroscopy to investigate materials with voltage-modulated optical properties.
Effect of processing routes on mechanical and thermal properties of copper–graphene composites
Authors: Nazeer Faisal , Ma Zhuang , Gao Lihong , Malik Abdul , Abubaker Khan Muhammad , Wang Fuchi , Li Hezhang
Published: August 2019

In this paper, copper–graphene composites were fabricated by using two different processing routes (ball milling (BM) and ultrasonication) followed by spark plasma sintering. Vickers hardness and anisotropic thermal conductivity of the composites were measured and observed that ultrasonicated fabricated composites gave better result compared with BM composite and even from pure copper. The hardness values obtained for ultrasonicated copper–graphene composite were 69 HV (57% higher) and thermal conductivity 387 W/m K (13% higher) by using only 0.5 wt-% of graphene, while for pure copper the values were 44 HV and 341 W/m K. The value of anisotropic thermal conductivity ultrasonicated composites was also 1.97 which is much higher than pure copper 0.94.
The anti-inflammatory function of adenine occurs through AMPK activation and its downstream transcriptional regulation in THP-1 cells
Authors: Wu Tzong-Ta , Chen Chin-Chen , Lin Jiun-Tsai , Young Guang-Huar , Wang Hsin-Chieh , Chen Han-Min
Published: August 2019

Pathogenic bacteria induced sepsis is a risk factor for hospital mortality. Monocyte-derived inflammatory cytokines participate in the sepsis progression. The anti-inflammatory effect of adenine has been previously reported by our laboratory and others. However, the mechanism of action has different opinions and remains unclear in monocyte. Here, adenine was found to significantly inhibit the secretion of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in THP-1 cells. The bioinformatic analysis results showed that the anti-inflammatory function is possibly due to the inhibition of NF-κB signaling. And this result is confirmed by using immunocytochemistry. Moreover, this effect can be suppressed by the AMPK inhibitor. Results also showed that adenine can activate AMPK and its multiple downstream targets. Data from mass spectrometry showed that adenine promotes significant elevation of intracellular AMP. Our data indicate that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of adenine may involve adenine phosphoribosyltransferase-catalyzed intracellular AMP elevation, which stimulates AMPK activation.
Presence of Bacillus coagulans spores and vegetative cells in rat intestine and feces and their physiological effects
Authors: Saw Chiou-Yeong , Chang Tsai-Ju , Chen Po-Ya , Dai Fan-Jhen , Lau Yie-Qie , Chen Ting-Yu , Chau Chi-Fai
Published: August 2019

This study was aimed to investigate the presence of Bacillus coagulans vegetative cells in the intestine and fecal samples in rats fed B. coagulans spores as well as to estimate the ratios of spores and vegetative cells in these samples. A two-step process has been developed to enumerate B. coagulans in different mixed bacterial samples, specifically (1) observation of yellow ring formation on modified GYEA medium upon incubation at 55°C, (2) microscopic examination of spore formation after 7 d of incubation. Our results have demonstrated the presence of vegetative cells in the intestinal and fecal samples in rats fed B. coagulans spores. The ratios of B. coagulans spores and vegetative cells in cecal fluid, colonic content, and feces were approximately 2:8, 2:8, and 4:6, respectively. The existence of B. coagulans vegetative cells improved the intestinal milieu through an elevated short-chain fatty acid concentrations, higher fecal moisture, and lower fecal pH.
Explanation of an unexpected occurrence of

ν=±12

fractional quantum Hall effect states in monolayer graphene
Authors: Jacak Janusz E
Published: August 2019

Recent experiment reveals the appearance of incompressible fractional quantum Hall effect states in monolayer graphene at

and

,

substituting the compressible Hall metal states at these fillings in the lowest Landau level in a narrow magnetic field window depending on the sample parameters. Simultaneously, none such behavior has been observed either for

or

,

. We propose an explanation of these observations in terms of homotopy of monolayer graphene in consistence with a general theory of correlated states in planar Hall systems.
Composite structure formation on the surfaces of geometrically complex products
Authors: Brzhozovskii B M , Azikov N S , Martynov V V , Zinina E P
Published: August 2019

The paper examines the main issues of ensuring necessary indicators of product durability, shows the viability of additional technological impact on the surface layer of products during their manufacture, and presents a method for improving the surface layer properties due to the composite structure formation through its exposure to low-temperature plasma of the combined discharge. The paper provides the results of comparative tests of products with a formed composite structure and similar conventional products.
Element analysis of thin films and liquid dry residue by X-ray and ion beam methods
Authors: Egorov V K , Egorov E V , Afanas’ev M S
Published: August 2019

The work discusses procedure peculiarities of thin films, surface layers and liquid dry residue elements diagnostics. There are showed that the ion beam analysis embellished by TXRF method is necessary and sufficient for element analysis of material surface layers. Experimental data of thin film surface layers obtained by TXRF, RBS and PIXE methods are presented.
The degradation mechanisms in ion-plasma nanostructured coatings under the conditions of contact cyclic loads
Authors: Kolesnikov V I , Novikov E S , Kudryakov O V , Varavka V N
Published: August 2019

The paper describes and attempts to explain the stages of initiation and development of fatigue wear of TiAlSi system nanostructured coatings under contact cyclic loads. The thickness of the coatings obtained by vacuum ion-plasma deposition was 8–10 μm. The electron microscopic tests were a powerful tool to analyze both coating structure and destruction processes. The tests, as well as the mechanisms and methods for assessing the process of coating fatigue degradation of coatings can be successfully expanded to a wide variety of materials.
The application of strengthening vacuum ion-plasma treating for the surface layer of constructional metal materials in mechanical engineering and the features of its formation
Authors: Kravchenko V N , Novikov E S , Voropayev A I , Petrov L M , Ivanchuck S B
Published: August 2019

The paper lays bare the constructive scheme of technological effects of gas and metal plasma flows while exploiting VIP treating to process structural materials and structural changes the surface layer undergo at the technological stages of VIP treating. Moreover, it considers the complex system to ensure the operational properties of structural materials during VIP treating. The application of VIP treating turns out to be exceptionally efficient to reduce damages of the friction unit surfaces under fretting conditions.
The influence of the zirconium sublayer thickness on the surface microstructure of the magnetron ZrN coatings
Authors: Kuznetsova T A , Lapitskaya V A , Warcholinski B , Gilewicz A , Shabliuk A V , Chizhik S A
Published: August 2019

The results of investigations the microstructure of ZrN coating with a thickness of about 3 μm obtained magnetron sputtering, are presented. The difference of the coatings is in the thickness of the zirconium underlayer: 250, 560 and 750 nm. The surface microstructure was investigated by profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The dependences in a grain size, a roughness, the number and size of microparticles of the coating on the underlayer thickness are established. The mechanical characteristics of the coatings (microhardness and elasticity modulus) are determined.
Research of the AK4-1 alloy microarc oxidation modes effect on the composite ceramic coatings erosion resistance
Authors: Lesnevskiy L N , Lyakhovetskiy M A , Kozhevnikov G D , Ushakov A M
Published: August 2019

The article presents the results of the coatings erosion resistance experimental studies obtained by microarc oxidation using the AK4-1 aluminum alloy. The coatings formation modes by MAO varied in relation to the electrolytic components KOH, Na2SiO3 (gr/lconcentration); current density j (A/dm2) and the cathode/anode (Ic/Ia) currents ratio. The MAO coatings erosion resistance was determined from the ablation rate while the sample was blown with Al2O3 powder.
Structure and mechanical characteristics of CrAlC films doped with silicon
Authors: Rubshtein A P , Vladimirov A B , Plotnikov S A
Published: August 2019

CrAlC and CrAlSiC films have been obtained and investigated. Simultaneous sputtering of graphite and Cr05Al05 or Cr035Al055Si0 08 targets was used for films deposition. The structure of the films is amorphous-nanocrystalline. The doping of CrAlC films with silicon is accompanied by an increase in their crystallinity due to the formation of silicon carbide particles. Structural changes make CrAlSiC films harder with a higher resistance to plastic deformation.
The silicon breakdown-proof coatings deposition in RF discharge plasma
Authors: Schitov N N
Published: August 2019

The technology of silicon coatings deposition on various materials complex formed wares in RF discharge plasma is described briefly. The precursor’s choice and its polymerization mechanism on ware’s surfaces are explained. Perspective constructions of inner-chamber equipment and characteristic deposition regimes of breakdown-proof and corrosion-proof coatings deposition are presented. The advantages and shortcomings of the polymerization with auxiliary covered ware’s constant potential are noted.
Obtaining powders and coatings of various tantalum silicides by electrochemical methods
Authors: Stulov Yu V
Published: August 2019

Joint electroreduction of tantalum and silicon fluoride complexes was studied by cyclic voltammetry in the (NaQ-KQ)equimol.-NaF-K2SiF6-K2TaF7melt. The formation of tantalum silicides has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry methods. Parameters for electrochemical synthesis of tantalum silicides were found. Tantalum silicide powders were obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis at different potentials, at temperature of 1073K and duration of the process 2 hours. Tantalum silicide coatings on a silver substrate were synthesized by galvanostatic electrolysis at current densities 30–130 mA cm−2and contact displacement method. The relationship between current density and composition of the tantalum silicide coatings was shown.
Methods of experimental studying the galvanomagnetic properties of thin semimetals films under conditions of plane stretch
Authors: Suslov A V , Grabov M V , Komarov V A , Demidov E V , Senkevich S V , Suslov M V
Published: August 2019

In our work we present the method for studying the galvanomagnetic properties of thin semimetals films under plane stretch using a specially designed experimental installation. We discuss the design of this installation and the research methods on the example of the thin bismuth films on glass substrates.
Investigatioin of the mechanical properties of coatings with different architecture deposited from vacuum arc plasma
Authors: Vardanyan E L , Nazarov A Yu , Nagimov R Sh , Ramazanov K N
Published: August 2019

The physical and mechanical properties of coatings with different architectures are investigated. The results of measuring the thickness of the coating, microhardness, adhesive strength are presented.
Studying the stiffness of thin-layered compositions with delaminations
Authors: Yakupov S N , Kharislamova L U , Yakupov N M
Published: August 2019

As part of the construction, thin-layer compositions take loads, work in contact with various environments, and work under influence of physical fields. All this can lead to delamination of the compositions and changes in their mechanical properties. The method of physical modeling of compositions with defects in the form of delaminations is considered. The stiffness properties of thin-layer compositions with local delaminations are studied by experimental-theoretical method.
Ground Deformation Identification related to 2018 Lombok Earthquake Series based on Sentinel-1 Data
Authors: Agustan  , Hanifa Rahma N. , Anantasena Yudi , Sadly M. , Ito Takeo
Published: August 2019

Lombok Island was hit by a series of earthquakes in July and August 2018 with magnitude 6 class. This series of earthquakes resulted in fatalities and material losses that even reached Sumbawa Island to the east of Lombok Island. The earthquake was triggered by Flores back arc thrust resulting in ground deformation. Ground deformation can be identified by satellite-based remote sensing method. The Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B satellites are two satellites carrying C-band SAR sensors with a temporal resolution of 12 days each for the same orbit, and the difference in time between the two is 6 days. Therefore, ground deformation related to seismo-tectonic or volcanic activities can be identified by interfering two SAR images (interferometric synthetic aperture radar or InSAR) at least in 6 days. By utilizing Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) a free open source software (FOSS) and combining with other InSAR software, an interferogram that represents line of sight displacement (LOS) between ground and satellite can be generated. Line of sight displacement can then be interpreted as ground deformation signals. It is shown that the series of Lombok earthquake cause an uplift up to 70cm and subsidence up to 25cm. This deformation affects areas around epicentre. A field survey was conducted to obtain information directly and it was seen that the ground deformation that was identified with the InSAR technique were consistent with the findings in the field. This shows the advantages of remote sensing in terms of ability to cover a wide area in a short time.
Analysis of Landslide Susceptibility Zone using Frequency Ratio and Logistic Regression Method in Hambalang, Citeureup District, Bogor Regency, West Java Province
Authors: Hidayat S , Pachri H , Alimuddin I
Published: August 2019

Hambalang area is one of the regions susceptible to landslide events. This is due to unstable geological conditions and high rainfall. Administratively, research area included in Citeureup District, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. Astronomically, research area is located at the coordinates 106°51’30” - 106°53’30” East Longitude and 06°32’ - 06°34’ South Latitude. This study aims to determine the geological conditions of the study area and conduct susceptibility zoning in the Hambalang area using the method of Frequency Ratio and Logistic Regression. The geological conditions of the study area consist of geomorphology in the form of corrugated and flatland morphological units, stratigraphy consisting of claystone units, andesite units and alluvial units, and the structure of the Sumurbatu anticline. The parameters used to analyze the causes of landslide are slope, geology, rainfall, soil type, land use and distance from rivers. There were 19 landslide events identified in the study area. The relationship between occurrences of landslide and the parameters mentioned earlier can be quantified using the value of Frequency Ratio and Logistic Regression. Based on the results of the validation with the Frequency Ratio method, the AUC value of 0.6854 which shows the model of landslide susceptibility based on the selection of parameters and the adequacy of the landslide event data is good. The value of the frequency ratio of the model is divided into three zones of susceptibility, namely high (42.30%), moderate (20.34%) and low (37.36%). Based on the results of the validation with the Logistic Regression method, the AUC value of 0.762 also shows the landslide susceptibility model based on the selection of parameters and the adequacy of the landslide event data so that the Logistic Regression value of the model is divided into three susceptibility zones, namely high (56.89%), moderate (19.53%) and low (23.68%).
Impact of Land Subsidence and Sea Level Rise Influence Shoreline Change in The Coastal Area of Demak
Authors: Prasetyo Y , Bashit N , Sasmito B , Setianingsih W
Published: August 2019

Climate change has a negative impact on the environment, one of which is the phenomenon of sea level rise. Sea level rise has a devastating effect on marine coastal areas such as shoreline abrasion. Sea level rise has caused a reduction in land, one area on the north coast of Java affected is located in Demak. Demak is a coastal area that has the potential for a shoreline abrasion because of sea level rise and a decrease in the land surface. Monitoring of shoreline changes needs to be monitored in order to find out the magnitude of the shoreline changes and the impact caused by reduced a mainland. One method that can be used to monitor shoreline changes is to use remote sensing technology. Satellite imagery can produce changes in shoreline abrasion without coming to the objects directly. This study aims to assess sea level rise and land subsidence resulting in changes in the shoreline in Demak. The data used are Jason-1 and Jason altimetry satellite data 2, Landsat 7 ETM + satellite imagery in 2011 and Landsat 8 in 2016. Altimetry satellite data is processed to obtain sea level rise on the coast of the Java Sea. Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) data processing uses Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) interpolation. The rise in sea level is determined by the analysis of linear trends from the processing of altimetry satellite data. The separation between water and land boundaries from Landsat satellite imagery uses the band ratio method on Green bands and NIR bands. shoreline changes are calculated using DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System). The results of data processing obtained an average sea level rise in the Java Sea in 2011 to 2016 of + 6.80 mm/year. The highest increase was in Jakarta waters of +11.043 mm / year and the lowest was in Surabaya waters with an increase of +3.85 mm/year. The increase in Semarang waters was + 5.52 mm/year which was used as validation with the tidal data of Semarang. The average change in coastline in the Demak region is -119.08 m. Demak experienced a land subsidence of +2,078 to -8,376 cm/years. The biggest abrasion occurred in Sayung Subdistrict of -691 m. The largest accretion occurred in the District of Wedung + 512.48 m. Based on the results of the increase in water level in the coastal areas of the island of Java and land subsidence that occurred in Demak caused a fairly wide shoreline abrasion.
Analysis of mangrove forest ecosystem damage in polewali mandar regency through environmental science approach
Authors: Carong S R , Atjo A A , Arbit N I S , Saru A , Omar S B A
Published: August 2019

The reduction in the quantity of mangrove forest ecosystems will certainly have a negative impact on the balance of coastal ecosystems, people who live in coastal areas, and of course sustainable sustainable development proclaimed by the local government. The research objective is to analyze the damage of mangrove forest ecosystems through Environmental Science approach. One approach to the study in question is the remote sensing approach. The study was conducted throughout August 2018 precisely at Mampie Beach, Wonomulyo Subdistrict, Polewali Mandar District. The collection of mangrove forest vegetation data was conducted using purposive sampling (systematic plot) technique. The data used in the analysis of damage to mangrove forest ecosystems is the RBI Sheet Polewali Map Scale 1: 50000 BAKOSURTANAL in 1999, SPOT 4 Image in 2014, SPOT 4 Image in 2015, and Digital Globe Image Acquisition 6/9/2016. Data analysis and processing using the Arc-GIS program to analyze SPOT images, overlay and map making using Geographic Information System (GIS) applications, and descriptive analysis for the bio-physical data of mangrove vegetation. Data analysis of mangrove vegetation area in Mampie showed that overall from 1999 to 2016 the area of mangrove coverage experienced a shrinkage of 10.31 ha, namely 35.23 ha (1999) to 24.92 ha (2014). There is one thing that is quite encouraging that in the following year (2015) mangroves in the Mampie area expanded back to 0.58 ha ie to 25.50 ha but shrank back to 0.29 ha the following year (2016). Mampie Beach’s total mangrove area became 25.21 ha. The mangrove forest area in Mampie leaves only a few species of mangrove, the most dominating is Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.
Comparison of atmospheric correction models: FLAASH and 6S code and their impact on vegetation indices (case study: paddy field in Subang District, West Java)
Authors: Muchsin F , Dirghayu D , Prasasti I , Rahayu M I , Fibriawati L , Pradono K A , Hendayani  , Mahatmanto B
Published: August 2019

Landsat-8 data (level 1T) received by users are still in digital number and can be used directly for mapping land use / land cover. However, the data still has low radiometric accuracy when it is used to derive information such as vegetation index, biomass, land use / land cover classification, etc. so that so that it requires radiometric / atmospheric correction. In this study, we use atmospheric correction method of the second simulation of satellite in the solar spectrum (6S) and Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercube (FLAASH) to eliminate atmospheric influences and compare the results with field measurements. The atmospheric parameters used were aerosol optical depth (AOD), water vapour column and ozone thickness from MODIS data with the date and time of acquisition approaching with Landsat-8 data. From the analysis conducted on the spectral response of atmospheric corrected image shows the 6S model has better accuracy for the spectral response from the rice growth phase compared to the FLAASH model. The analysis of the values of vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI, SAVI and MSAVI) shows that the 6S model has better accuracy for NDVI while for EVI, SAVI and MSAVI the FLAASH model has slightly better accuracy than 6S.