bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sonographic findings in mid-aortic syndrome
Authors: Kusel Kieran , Zubrowski Hannah , Weerakkody Yuranga
Published: October 2020

Mid-aortic syndrome (MAS) is an uncommon condition characterised by narrowing of the distal descending thoracic or abdominal aorta. While CT, MR and conventional angiography findings in MAS are well described, there have been very few cases which clearly document the sonographic features of this condition. This case report demonstrates the utility of ultrasound in the investigation of MAS and summarises the current literature surrounding the condition.
Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome in a multiparous female
Authors: Sidhu HarSumeet Singh , Madaan Prateek Kumar
Published: October 2020

Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome is a rare complex congenital anomaly of the urogenital tract involving Mullerian ducts and mesonephric ducts. It is also called OHVIRA syndrome (Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal agenesis). It is characterized by a triad of uterus didelphys, obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. Patients usually present after menarche with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, mass, and rarely with primary infertility in later years. We report a case of a multiparous female who presented to the hospital with pain in lower abdomen for the past 2 months and acute retention of urine for 1 day. This is an atypical presentation in a multiparous female that has been described in a single case report so far. 1 Intravenous pyelogram and MRI of the patient revealed uterine didelphys, obstructed right hemivagina causing hematohemicolpos and right renal agenesis. Thorough knowledge of imaging features can enable a radiologist to make a correct diagnosis even in an atypical presentation.
A case of the crossed coronaries
Authors: Sen Gautam , Veitch Alice , Nabais Sergio
Published: October 2020

Coronary artery anomalies are rare; however, can be a potential cause of significant morbidity and even mortality. Crossed left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries is a rare finding, and therefore the significance of this finding is not well understood. CT coronary angiography is an excellent non-invasive modality which enables the diagnosis of such abnormalities, and it is likely that with the increased use of CT coronary angiography in cardiology, other similar cases will be diagnosed.
Medical student assessments—frequency of radiological images used: a national study
Authors: Chew Cindy , O'Dwyer Patrick J , Jaap Alan , McDowall Suanne , Remers Olga JL , Williams JJZ , McPhee I , Bjelogrlic Predrag
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

Assessments are a key part of life for medical students at University. We know there is variation in these assessments across Universities. The aims of this study were to expatiate summative assessments in Scottish Medical Schools and to examine how frequently radiological images feature in them.

Methods:

All Scottish medical schools were invited to participate in the study. Data on objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs; 5 years) and written assessments (3 years) were retrospectively collected for each university and results were collated. Each University was randomly assigned a letter from A to E and anonymised for data presentation.

Results:

10,534 multiple choice questions (MCQ) and 1083 OSCE stations were included in this study. There was wide variation in the number, type and timing of assessments across Scottish medical schools. There were highly significant differences in the number of OSCE stations and the number of MCQs set over the study period (p < 0.0001). Radiological images were used on average 0.6 times (range 0–1.1) in each OSCE examination and 2.4 times (range 0.1–3.7) for written assessments.

Conclusion:

In this detailed study, we demonstrated significant differences in medical student assessments across Scottish Universities. Given the importance of Radiology in modern medicine, the frequency and differences in which radiological images were used in assessments across Universities should be addressed.

Advances in knowledge:

This is the first national longitudinal study to quantify the role of radiological images in summative Medical Student Assessments. Great variability exists in the extent and how (clinical versus written assessments) radiological images are used to assess Scottish medical students. Radiological images are used infrequently in clinical assessments, but are present in every written assessment. These findings could help inform medical schools and academic radiologists as they prepare medical students for the imminent unified medical licensing examination, where Clinical Imaging is a subject with one of the highest number of associated conditions examinable.
An R-based reproducible and user-friendly preprocessing pipeline for CyTOF data
Authors: Crowell Helena L. , Chevrier Stéphane , Jacobs Andrea , Sivapatham Sujana ,   Tumor Profiler Consortium, Bodenmiller Bernd , Robinson Mark D.
Published: October 2020

Mass cytometry (CyTOF) has become a method of choice for in-depth characterization of tissue heterogeneity in health and disease, and is currently implemented in multiple clinical trials, where higher quality standards must be met. Currently, preprocessing of raw files is commonly performed in independent standalone tools, which makes it difficult to reproduce. Here, we present an R pipeline based on an updated version of CATALYST that covers all preprocessing steps required for downstream mass cytometry analysis in a fully reproducible way. This new version of CATALYST is based on Bioconductor’s SingleCellExperiment class and fully unit tested. The R-based pipeline includes file concatenation, bead-based normalization, single-cell deconvolution, spillover compensation and live cell gating after debris and doublet removal. Importantly, this pipeline also includes different quality checks to assess machine sensitivity and staining performance while allowing also for batch correction. This pipeline is based on open source R packages and can be easily be adapted to different study designs. It therefore has the potential to significantly facilitate the work of CyTOF users while increasing the quality and reproducibility of data generated with this technology.
TicTimer Web: software for measuring tic suppression remotely
Authors: Black Jonathan K. , Koller Jonathan M. , Black Kevin J.
Published: October 2020

Woods and Himle developed a standardized tic suppression paradigm (TSP) for the experimental setting, to quantify the effects of intentional tic suppression in Tourette syndrome. We previously provided a computer program to facilitate recording tic occurrence and to automate reward delivery during the several experimental conditions of the TSP. The present article describes a web-based program that performs the same functions. Implementing this program on the web allows research sessions to be performed remotely, in tandem with a video calling program. Relevant data for each session, such as the timing of tics and dispensed rewards, are stored in plain text files for later analysis. Expected applications include research on Tourette syndrome and related disorders.
Dataset: percent of population covered by local government mask orders in the US
Authors: Jacobs Philip , Ohinmaa Arvi
Published: October 2020

We present a dataset covering the extent of local mask orders between April and August 2020, in states which did not have statewide orders (and hence 100% coverage).  We obtained data from national and regional newspaper and broadcaster web-based articles, and city and county web pages. The information that we abstracted included: city or county of ordinance, date that the ordinance took effect, and the population of the city or county. In 14 states, city or county governments issued mask-wearing orders, and from our dataset it can been seen that the median population covered in the states was 37.5%; the coverage ranged from 1.6% (New Hampshire) to 77.1% (Arizona).  The dataset can be accessed from: https://doi.org/10.7939/DVN/A9C1UU
Patient, caregiver, and health care provider perspectives on barriers and facilitators to heart failure care in Kerala, India: A qualitative study
Authors: Jose Prinu , Ravindranath Ranjana , Joseph Linju M. , Rhodes Elizabeth C. , Ganapathi Sanjay , Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai , Jeemon Panniyammakal
Published: October 2020

Background: Deficits in quality of care for patients with heart failure (HF) contribute to high mortality in this population. This qualitative study aims to understand the barriers and facilitators to high-quality HF care in Kerala, India.

Methods: Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of health care providers (n=13), patients and caregivers (n=14). Additionally, focus group discussions (n=3) were conducted with patients and their caregivers. All interviews and focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim. Textual data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results: Patients’ motivation to change their lifestyle behaviours after HF diagnosis and active follow-up calls from health care providers to check on patients’ health status were important enablers of high-quality care. Health care providers’ advice on substance use often motivated patients to stop smoking and consuming alcohol. Although patients expected support from their family members, the level of caregiver support for patients varied, with some patients receiving strong support from caregivers and others receiving minimal support. Emotional stress and lack of structured care plans for patients hindered patients’ self-management of their condition. Further, high patient loads often limited the time health care providers had to provide advice on self-management options. Nevertheless, the availability of experienced nursing staff to support patients improved care within health care facilities. Finally, initiation of guideline-directed medical therapy was perceived as complex by health care providers due to multiple coexisting chronic conditions in HF patients.

Conclusions: Structured plans for self-management of HF and more time for patients and health care providers to interact during clinical visits may enable better clinical handover with patients and family members, and thereby improve adherence to self-care options. Quality improvement interventions should also address the stress and emotional concerns of HF patients.
The occurrence of anxiety disorders among Poles during the COVID–19 pandemic .
Authors: Babicki Mateusz , Mastalerz-Migas Agnieszka
Published: October 2020

Cel pracy

Wydarzenia pierwszych miesięcy 2020 roku doprowadziły do diametralnych zmian w codziennym funkcjonowaniu ludzi na całym świecie. Ogłoszenie pandemii COVID-19, którego czynnikiem sprawczym jest SARS-COV-2, spowodowało szereg restrykcji, zmian, ograniczeń społecznych, które w krótkim czasie znacząco wpłynęły na kondycję psychiczną ludzi.

Metoda

Celem badania jest ocena poziomu lęku wśród społeczeństwa polskiego pomiędzy 35 a 42dniem po wprowadzeniu stanu zagrożenia epidemiologicznego oraz porównanie uzyskanych wyników z doniesieniami światowymi oraz stanem sprzed pandemii.
Materiał i metody: badanie przeprowadzono na 2457 respondentach z Polski. Metodą badawczą był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety, rozpowszechniany drogą internetową w dniach 17-24.04.2020r., oceniający stan socjodemograficzny, a także wystandaryzowane narzędzia psychometryczne: Skala Depresji Becka, Kwestionariusz Lęku Uogólnionego (GAD-7), Manchasterska Krótka Ocena Jakości Życia.

Wyniki

Wyniki: u 71% ankietowanych uzyskano wynik wskazujący na występowanie objawów lękowych w różnych stopniu nasilenia. U 45% ankietowanych sumaryczny wynik wynosił ≥10 punktów, wskazując na cechy zespołu lęku uogólnionego. Wartości punktowe u kobiet były znamiennie wyższe niż u mężczyzn. Miejsce zamieszkania, stan cywilny oraz rodzaj wykonywanej pracy nie miał istotnego statystycznie wpływu na poziom lęku.

Wnioski

Wnioski: Pandemia COVID-19 w znaczący sposób wpłynęła na kondycję psychiczną Polaków, powodując wzrost poczucia lęku, strach oraz obawę o przyszłość. 71% ankietowanych w różnym stopniu wykazuje natężenie lęku, przy czym 44% respondentów uzyskało wynik co najmniej 10 punktów w skali GAD-7 wskazujący na występowanie cech zespołu lęku uogólnionego. Istnieje wielka potrzeba wsparcia psychicznego Polaków w dobie pandemii COVID-19.
Cover-Up of Vehicle Defects: The Role of Regulator Investigation Announcements
Authors: Cho Soo-Haeng , DeMiguel Victor , Hwang Woonam
Published: October 2020

Automakers, including Toyota and General Motors, were recently caught by the U.S. regulator for deliberately hiding product defects in an attempt to avoid massive recalls. Interestingly, regulators in the United States and United Kingdom employ different policies in informing consumers about potential defects: the U.S. regulator publicly announces all ongoing investigations of potential defects to provide consumers with early information, whereas the UK regulator does not. To understand how these different announcement policies may affect cover-up decisions of automakers, we model the strategic interaction between a manufacturer and a regulator. We find that, under both countries’ policies, the manufacturer has an incentive to cover up a potential defect when there is a high chance that the defect indeed exists and it may inflict only moderate harm. However, if there is only a moderate chance that the defect exists, only under the U.S. policy does the manufacturer have an incentive to cover up a potential defect with significant harm. We show that the U.S. policy generates higher social welfare only for very serious issues for which both the expected harm and recall cost are very high and the defect is likely to exist. We make four policy recommendations that could help mitigate manufacturers’ cover-ups, including a hybrid policy in which the regulator conducts a confidential investigation of a potential defect only when it may inflict significant harm.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Not Just Small Potatoes: Cultural Entrepreneurship in the Moralizing of Markets
Authors: Hedberg Leanne M. , Lounsbury Michael
Published: October 2020

While there is a growing literature on moral markets that aim to create social value through market exchange, much of it has focused on how producer activism is able to legitimate new, institutionally complex, organizational and economic forms that are inscribed with competing market and social/community logics. Much less attention has been directed towards understanding how moral markets are scaled by the entry of large, established organizations. While the scaling of moral markets entails the risk of conservative goal transformation, we still know relatively little about how moral values become embedded in markets, providing an ongoing catalyst for social value creation. Based on a five-year ethnographic study, we show how cultural entrepreneurship associated with the creation of a cross-sector partnership, legitimated local food procurement by large, established organizations, enabling the scaling of the overall market. We argue that a key aspect of their success had to do with bridging the institutional void segregating local and industrial food logics. Based on our study, we highlight how this institutional void bridging was facilitated by cultural entrepreneurship that initially focused on communications that decoupled the values and practices associated with the local food logic, and subsequently, reinfused locavore values by valorizing stories and activities that recoupled those values to food procurement practices after the institutional void was diminished. We discuss the implications of our study for research on moral markets and cultural entrepreneurship.
Factors associated with anxiety in pre-lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a systematic literature review
Authors: Al-Dibouni Ziyad , Poullis Andrew
Published: October 2020

Background

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects more than 300 000 people in the UK alone. These patients will frequently require gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic assessment and surveillance of their disease, which can cause pre-procedure anxiety. A better understanding of procedure-related anxiety can help develop measures to reduce it and improve patient experience.

Aims

A systematic literature review was conducted to identify the factors that are associated with pre-lower gastrointestinal endoscopy anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for studies that evaluated anxiety with GI endoscopic procedures in IBD patients. Studies were independently reviewed by an author, extracting data and assessing quality. The main outcomes were the prevalence of pre-procedure anxiety, patient concerns, tolerance and interventions in IBD patients.

Results

In total, 77 studies were identified for inclusion. No studies specifically explored the prevalence and severity of anxiety in IBD patients. The studies that investigated pre-procedure anxiety identified that high levels were seen pre-procedure, with areas of anxiety-related concerns including bowel preparation, potential discomfort and the stigma of embarrassment.

Conclusions

Many patients undergoing GI endoscopic procedures experience anxiety. Improving the ways in which pre-procedure information is delivered can help in reducing this anxiety. However, the prevalence and severity of and best method of intervention for this anxiety in IBD patients are unclear, providing areas for further research.
Mitigating Stress in the Workplace
Authors: Chander Tina
Published: October 2020

The coronavirus pandemic has increased anxiety levels for many people, and workplace stress remains an issue, even if that workplace is now a makeshift home office for either all or part of the working week
Is D-dimer a reliable biomarker compared to ESR and CRP in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection?
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Hairui , Zhu Shibai , Wang Yiou , Qian Wenwei
Published: October 2020

Aims

The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has always been challenging. Recently, D-dimer has become a promising biomarker in diagnosing PJI. However, there is controversy regarding its diagnostic value. We aim to investigate the diagnostic value of D-dimer in comparison to ESR and CRP.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched in February 2020 to identify articles reporting on the diagnostic value of D-dimer on PJI. Pooled analysis was conducted to investigate the diagnostic value of D-dimer, CRP, and ESR.

Results

Six studies with 1,255 cases were included (374 PJI cases and 881 non-PJI cases). Overall D-dimer showed sensitivity of 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.87) and specificity of 0.76 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.86). Sub-group analysis by excluding patients with thrombosis and hyper-coagulation disorders showed sensitivity of 0.82 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.90) and specificity of 0.80 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.88). Serum D-dimer showed sensitivity of 0.85 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.92), specificity of 0.83 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.90). Plasma D-dimer showed sensitivity of 0.67 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.73), specificity of 0.58 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.72). CRP showed sensitivity of 0.78 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.83), specificity of 0.81 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.87). ESR showed sensitivity of 0.68 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.73), specificity of 0.83 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.87).

Conclusion

In patients without thrombosis or a hyper-coagulation disorder, D-dimer has a higher diagnostic value compared to CRP and ESR. In patients with the aforementioned conditions, D-dimer has higher sensitivity but lower specificity compared to ESR and CRP. We do not recommend the use of serum D-dimer in patients with thrombosis and hyper-coagulation disorders for diagnosing PJI. Serum D-dimer may perform better than plasma D-dimer. Further studies are needed to compare serum D-dimer and plasma D-dimer in arthroplasty patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(10):701–708.
Modeling disorder in two-dimensional colloidal crystals based on electron microscope measurements
Authors: Abdellatif Sameh O. , Kirah Khaled , Erni Daniel , Marlow Frank
Published: October 2020

Self-assembled two-dimensional colloidal crystals (CCs) are critical components in many optical and optoelectronic devices. Such structures usually exhibit various types of disorder, which sometimes can be beneficial for the desired applications. However, disorder poses challenges to the modeling of two-dimensional structures. In this work, two-dimensional CCs employed in optoelectronic devices, especially dye-sensitized solar cells, are investigated. scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were used to quantify the disorder in the studied structures. As a basis for simulations, disordered model patterns were generated with properties extracted from the SEM images of prepared samples. Optical modeling was performed with a finite-difference time-domain simulator. The simulated transmission data are consistent with the experimentally measured spectra.
Cryogenic C-band wavelength division multiplexing system using an AIM Photonics Foundry process design kit
Authors: Fard Erfan M. , Long Christopher M. , Lentine Anthony L. , Norwood Robert A.
Published: October 2020

Cryogenic environments make superconducting computing possible by reducing thermal noise, electrical resistance and heat dissipation. Heat generated by the electronics and thermal conductivity of electrical transmission lines to the outside world constitute two main sources of thermal load in such systems. As a result, higher data rates require additional transmission lines which come at an increasingly higher cooling power cost. Hybrid or monolithic integration of silicon photonics with the electronics can be the key to higher data rates and lower power costs in these systems. We present a 4-channel wavelength division multiplexing photonic integrated circuit (PIC) built from modulators in the AIM Photonics process development kit (PDK) that operate at 25 Gbps at room temperature and 10 Gbps at 40 K. We further demonstrate 2-channel operation for 20 Gbps aggregate data rate at 40 K using two different modulators/wavelengths, with the potential for higher aggregate bit rates by utilizing additional channels.
Finite-element simulation for X-ray volume diffractive optics based on the wave optical theory
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Hu Lingfei , Zhang Bingbing , Zhou Liang , Tao Ye , Li Ming , Jia Quanjie
Published: October 2020

We developed a novel numerical simulation method for volume diffractive optics based on the Takagi–Taupin (TT) dynamical theory of diffraction. A general integral system of equations with a powerful and convenient distortion function was developed for finite-element analysis (FEA). The proposed framework is promising with regard to flexibility, robustness, and stability and has potential for solving dynamical X-ray diffraction problems related to diffractive optical elements of arbitrary shape and deformation. This FEA method was used for evaluating laterally graded multilayer (LGML) mirrors, and a general coordinate system was introduced to make the geometric optimization simple and effective. Moreover, the easily implemented boundary conditions inherent in FEA, combined with the analysis of the energy resolution derived from the TT theory, can make the simulation of volume diffractive optics, including LGML mirrors, more accurate. Thus, a comprehensive and highly efficient computation of LGML mirror diffraction problems was performed. The evaluation of the effects of the figure errors can provide practical guidance for the fabrication of X-ray optical elements.
Theoretical analysis of optically selective imaging in photoinduced force microscopy
Authors: Yamane Hidemasa , Yamanishi Junsuke , Yokoshi Nobuhiko , Sugawara Yasuhiro , Ishihara Hajime
Published: October 2020

We present a theoretical study on the measurement of photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) for composite molecular systems. Using discrete dipole approximation, we calculate the self-consistent response electric field of the entire system, including the PiFM tip, substrate, and composite molecules. We demonstrate a higher sensitivity for PiFM measurement on resonant molecules than the previously obtained tip-sample distance dependency, z−4, owing to multifold enhancement of the localized electric field induced at the tip-substrate nanogap and molecular polarization. The enhanced localized electric field in PiFM allows high-resolution observation of forbidden optical electronic transitions in dimer molecules. We investigate the wavelength dependence of PiFM for dimer molecules, obtaining images at incident light wavelengths corresponding to the allowed and forbidden transitions. We reveal that these PiFM images drastically change with the frequency-dependent spatial structures of the localized electric field vectors and resolve different types of nanoparticles beyond the resolution for the optically allowed transitions. This study demonstrates that PiFM yields multifaceted information based on microscopic interactions between nanomaterials and light.
Instantaneous microwave frequency measurement using few-mode fiber-based microwave photonic filters
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Zhu Kun , Lu Linyue , Lu Chao
Published: October 2020

Instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) of microwave signals using photonic methods provides a novel and efficient approach for fast and broadband radio frequency (RF) signal analysis. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a photonic-assisted IFM method utilizing a few-mode fiber-based microwave photonic technique. By offset splicing the few-mode fiber (FMF) with a single mode fiber, both LP01 and LP11 modes can be excited, which is used to develop a microwave photonic filter (MPF). A detailed analysis of the FMF as the true time delay line is presented. An amplitude comparison function (ACF) that is the ratio of frequency response traces of an MPF pair is established, which is used to determine the unknown microwave frequency instantaneously. The proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates a frequency measurement range of 0.5 GHz to 17.5 GHz and a measurement accuracy of ±0.2 GHz in most of the frequency points. The proposed system has the merits of simplicity, cost-effectiveness, compactness and robustness.
Effect of spectral leakage on the image formation of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Ling Yuye , Wang Mengyuan , Yao Xinwen , Gan Yu , Schmetterer Leopold , Zhou Chuanqing , Su Yikai
Published: October 2020

We report on the investigation of spectral leakage’s impact on the reconstruction of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). We discuss the shift-variant nature introduced by the spectral leakage and develop a novel spatial-domain FD-OCT image formation model. A proof-of-concept phantom experiment is conducted to validate our model. Compared with previous models, the proposed framework could better describe the image formation process, especially when the fineness of the axial structure approaches the theoretical resolution limit.
3D printed multimode-splitters for photonic interconnects
Authors: Moughames Johnny , Porte Xavier , Larger Laurent , Jacquot Maxime , Kadic Muamer , Brunner Daniel
Published: October 2020

Photonic waveguides are promising candidates for implementing parallel, ultra-fast and ultra-low latency interconnects. Such interconnects are an important technological asset for example for next generation optical routing, on and intra-chip optical communication, and for parallel photonic neural networks. We have recently demonstrated dense optical integration of multi-mode optical interconnects based on 3D additive manufacturing using two-photon-polymerization. The basis of such interconnects are 3D optical splitters, and here we characterize their performance against their splitting ratio, geometry, and conditions of the direct laser writing. Optical losses and splitting uniformity of 1 to 4, 1 to 9 and 1 to 16 splitters are evaluated at 632 nm. We find that, both, the uniformity of splitting ratios as well as the overall losses depend on the separation between the output waveguides as well as on the hatching distance (surface quality) of the 3D printing process.
A noticiabilidade fotográfica do Sidonismo
Authors: Sousa Jorge Pedro , Lima Helena , Cardoso Fátima Lopes
Published: October 2020

O regime de Sidónio Pais promoveu uma encenação pública do poder centrada no chefe. Ao tempo, o fotojornalismo era já uma prática consolidada, ganhando expressão na Ilustração Portuguesa, única revista ilustrada de informação geral que circulava em Portugal. De que maneira o discurso fotográfico refletiu, cronologicamente, a marcha do tempo e a coreografia do poder orquestrada pelo Sidonismo e como é que isto se entrelaçou com, ou afetou, os princípios da noticiabilidade e os critérios de valor-notícia? Esta investigação procura responder à questão, recorrendo a uma análise do discurso qualitativa das manifestações fotográficas do Sidonismo na referida revista. Concluiu-se que o discurso fotográfico da Ilustração Portuguesa alimentou o mito de Sidónio Pais, afetando o imaginário e a memória histórica, e que os critérios de noticiabilidade foram influenciados de maneira a acomodar o discurso mediático à situação política. A notoriedade da personagem sobrepôs-se a outros valores-notícia.
Vida Mundial Ilustrada e a rádio
Authors: Santos Rogério
Published: October 2020

O artigo analisa as peças noticiosas sobre rádio saídas na revista Vida Mundial Ilustrada (1941-1946), publicação semanal generalista que atingiu 278 edições. A revista editou, no total, 131 páginas sobre a realidade nacional e internacional da rádio, incluindo uma secção própria (de novembro de 1943 a março de 1945), e em géneros noticiosos como entrevistas e notícias breves. Durante a II Guerra Mundial, a rádio desempenhou um papel importante no entretenimento e informação da população portuguesa, através da escuta de emissões internacionais, caso da BBC.
A televisão no Portugal pós-revolucionário
Authors: Cádima Francisco Rui
Published: October 2020

Este estudo integra uma caracterização histórico-política do período de emergência do bloco conservador-liberal da Aliança Democrática (1979-1983) e uma abordagem da informação e da programação televisiva, com particular destaque para o início dos anos 80, com o serviço público de televisão na dependência de uma maioria política. Esta análise histórica do período da abertura da televisão à iniciativa privada aborda ainda a questão da televisão da Igreja, que marca também a década; a questão do Estado na sua relação com a televisão e o espectro radioeléctrico enquanto instrumentos do sistema político-partidário e de governo; o enquadramento do “cavaquismo” na sua relação com a TV; e finalmente, em contexto conclusivo, uma abordagem da emergência da TV privada em Portugal e das suas consequências, neste caso à luz dos estudos de Nelson Traquina referidos na bibliografia, procurando reequacionar a conhecimento sobre o período e o respectivo estado da arte.
Teofrasto. Causas das plantas
Authors: Silva Maria de Fátima , Paiva Jorge
Published: October 2020

Depois do tratado que intitulou História das plantas, Teofrasto prosseguiu na sua investigação sobre matéria botânica e veio a publicar um segundo conjunto de resultados, agora intitulado Causas das plantas.

Assumindo o inevitável diálogo entre os dois títulos, Teofrasto avançou, no entanto, de um inventário para uma reflexão mais técnica, olhando a agricultura como uma ‘arte’ com capacidade para manipular a natureza e servir objetivos de natureza comercial, alimentar e medicinal.

Este volume proporciona a primeira tradução existente em português de Causas das plantas de Teofrasto. A exigência da matéria não dispensou a colaboração de uma helenista e de um botânico, de modo a garantir o rigor da tradução e a especificidade da anotação e índices. Além de um número elevado de notas de rodapé, a tradução vem acompanhada de um amplo estudo introdutório, destinado a caraterizar Teofrasto, o seu universo intelectual e a estrutura científica do tratado. Completam o volume uma bibliografia e oito índices: quatro dos termos gregos e respectiva tradução, com remissão para os capítulos do tratado; outros quatro dos nomes latinos das espécies (plantas e animais), com remissão para a numeração das notas de rodapé.
OLAH RASA UJUNG TIMUR JAWA: Makanan Ritual dalam Kebudayaan Osing
Authors:   Universitas PGRI Madiun, Indiarti Wiwin , Nurchayati Nunuk
Published: October 2020

Buku tentang masakan tradisional Osing ini merupakan saksi dari seni olah cipta makanan pedesaan di Banyuwangi. Kekayaan dan keelokan alam Banyuwangi terpantul dalam seni kuliner kreatif dan budaya makanan yang mereka miliki. Orang-orang Osing di Banyuwangi, terutama yang bermukim di pedesaan - di antara hamparan petak sawah, rindang pekarangan, dan rimbun kebun - adalah para penjaga dan pemulia warisan kuliner kuno yang terwariskan hingga saat ini. Masyarakat Osing juga mengenal makanan ritual sesajian, yang terkait erat dengan upacara adat atau ritual tradisi yang telah terbentang dalam kurun waktu lama. Pengetahuan tentang makanan, yang menjadi sajian dalam ritual tradisi, diwariskan secara turun temurun, tidak saja dalam bentuk kasat mata makanan, tetapi juga mengenai makna dan perlambang yang tersemat di dalamnya. Semua itu terangkum di dalamnya pemahaman budaya dan spiritual yang tertanam tentang makanan kuno; syarat-syarat yang berkaitan dengan religi dalam mengolah makanan, pemilihan bahan makanan, metode persiapan makanan, keterampilan memasak, dan motivasi. Mereka hidup dalam budaya makanan yang berpadu harmonis dengan alam - dengan tanah yang bertabur abu vulkanik, beragam flora dan fauna, denyut kehidupan laut yang elusif, dan aneka bumbu rempah di bentang alam ujung timur Jawa. Makanan ritual Osing merayakan karunia kuliner tanah ujung timur Jawa yang berpagar gunung dan berhalaman laut. Ragam kuliner yang otentik ini sulit ditemukan di luar desa karena rahasia masakan ini hanya ditransmisikan secara lisan, bersama dengan tata cara olah makanan itu sendiri yang diiringi dengan ritual kepercayaan yang teguh. Buku tentang makanan ritual Osing ini sesungguhnya hanya membahas sebagian kecil dari pesona kekayaan makanan ritual di Banyuwangi. Terbagi menjadi lima bab, isi buku ini pada bagian akhir diperkaya dengan resep makanan ritual yang mudah diikuti. Buku ini juga dilengkapi dengan foto-foto tentang dapur, resep, dan hidangan ritual pada setiap bab. Panduan tahap demi tahap memungkinkan pembaca untuk menciptakan kembali budaya makanan ritual Osing yang unik dalam kenyamanan dapur mereka sendiri. Meskipun demikian, nilai paling utama sesungguhnya dari makanan ritual Osing adalah komunalitas, kerukunan yang mewujud dalam budaya makan bersama.
Public private partnerships: A possible alternative for delivery of infrastructure projects in Africa
Authors:   University of South Africa, Bwanali Salim , Rwelamila Pantaleo ,   University of South Africa
Published: October 2020

It is estimated that Africa needs $93 billion annually until 2020 in order to bridge its infrastructure deficit. It is through significant investment in infrastructure development that economic growth and poverty alleviation can be enhanced. However central to all construction projects is an effective and sustainable procurement system. There is a notable shift by some African governments to turn to the private sector to design, build, finance and operate infrastructure facilities previously provided by the public sector in the form of Public Private Partnerships (PPP’s). As an innovative financing model, PPPs present an opportunity to governments to improve service delivery. Accordingly, this paper focuses on assessing international best practices as to how some developing nations tap into the resources of the private sector in implementing their infrastructure projects. The study is a result of critical review, synthesis and contextualization of relevant academic literature, conference and journal publications. A thorough document review method was employed to assess how some developing countries have institutionalized PPP as part of their development strategy. The paper will be of significant value to senior government officialsasunderstanding the concept and dynamics of PPP will resultin accelerated and effective service delivery.
Espigando el tiempo: Agnès Varda y Walter Benjamin en busca de la vida cotidiana
Authors: Mora Méndez Noraedén
Published: October 2020

Los espigadores y la espigadora (2000), el documental de Agnès Varda, empieza reflexionando sobre el famoso cuadro de Millet del siglo XIX y el oficio de espigar. Recoger la cosecha en esas épocas contrasta con la labor de los espigadores de hoy que deben sobrevivir con lo que consigan en la calle. Este montaje de la vida cotidiana en dos tiempos y la experiencia misma de la cineasta permite entablar un diálogo con el trabajo de Walter Benjamin sobre la cotidianidad. Benjamin escribe sobre autores del siglo XIX y la experiencia de pérdida o shock en la modernidad y el rol de la memoria ante esta pérdida. En este sentido los conceptos de experiencia y tiempo están implicados en la memoria y la historia de la vida cotidiana. Ambos Varda y Benjamin, dialogando también con otros teóricos, buscan una vida cotidiana en un tiempo que difícilmente es progresivo.
Artemisia Gestileschi y la “sexualización” de su obra
Authors: Ramírez Alvarado María del Mar
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar en la figura de la pintora italiana Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1652), cuya obra resulta de un gran interés y por mucho tiempo fue infravalorada. Para este fin, se han analizado fuentes directas como las obras artísticas de la autora, las cartas de la época, los procedimientos del juicio en el que estuvo involucrada Gestileschi, así como estudios sobre su trabajo. Nuestra investigación se centra en los temas trabajados por la pintora en el contexto artístico en el que le tocó vivir, estudiando las características de sus figuras femeninas y analizando cómo los sucesos de su vida han terminado condicionando la recepción de su obra. Las conclusiones muestran que, aunque estas circunstancias marcaron y “sexualizaron” la consideración de su carrera, finalmente se ha impuesto su brillante trabajo artístico, solvente e, incluso, adelantado a su tiempo.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF MICROTEXTURING PARAMETERS ON THE HYDROMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL CRANKSHAFT BEARINGS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Rozhdestvensky Yu. V. , Gavrilov K. V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Izzatulloev M. A. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The solution to the problem of increasing the motor resource of an internal combustion engine (ICE) is directly related to the reduction of energy losses due to overcoming friction in the elements of systems, mechanisms, and complexly loaded tribo-couplers (TC). Among the mechanical friction losses, a special place isoccupied by the hydromechanical friction losses in the internal combustion engine. The reduction of energy losses to overcome friction is achieved by reducing mechanical losses by limiting the level of loading of the rubbing surfaces, by increasing the proportion of the liquid friction regime for the most critical in terms of reliability resource-determining complex loaded vehicles. For complexly loaded vehicles, the time and magnitude of the acting loads are characteristic, at which the position of the movable element in conjunction is characterized by high eccentricities. Such complexly loaded vehicles include the main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft, the “piston guide – cylinder liner” and “piston ring – cylinder liner” couplings, the thrust and thrust bearings of the ICE turbocharger, etc. One of the ways to reduce oil starvation isto texturize the contacting surfaces, which will increase the bearing capacity of a complex bearing due to the creation of many “micro wedges”. In particular, the texturing of the surface of the bearing shells of the crankshaft can be performed in the form of elliptical micro-holes, which allow you to save oil on the friction surface under any operating conditions of the diesel engine. The article provides an overview of the main types of microtexturing of friction surfaces of TC. A calculation model has been created and a calculation analysis program has been developed for the internal combustion engine “crankshaft neck-liner” TC. The calculations ofthe hydromechanical characteristics (HMC) of the vehicle for various types of microtexture were performed using the connecting rod bearing of the diesel engine CHN 13/15 as an example.
ASSESSMENT OF RELIABILITY OF THE DRIVER – CAR – ROAD – ENVIRONMENT (DCRЕ) SYSTEM IN MOUNTAIN CONDITIONS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Saydulozoda S. S. , Mambetalin K. T. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Umirzokov A. M. ,   Tajik National University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, Mullaboev U. M. ,   yumen Industrial University, Tobolsk Industrial Institute (branch), Tobolsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The article provides an assessment of the factors affecting the reliability of the DCRE system in mountain conditions. A more detailed classification of factors affecting the reliability of the DCRE system in mountain conditions is given for such groups of features as design and technological, operational and road-climatic. In addition, the article gives a classification of factors affecting the reliability of the DCRE system in mountain conditions based on controllability. In both classifications, particular importance is given to such factors as altitude, the reliability structure of the elements of the DCRE system, the reliability structure of the elements of the car, the subsystems of the DCRE system, the probabilistic nature of the influence of external influences on the elements of the car, the types and frequency of maneuvers, their dynamism, etc. The specifics of the influence of the main factors determining the reliability and durability of heavy-duty mining car in difficult and extreme conditions of cargo transportation in mountain conditions are analyzed and justified. To assess the influence of the stochastic nature of external influences that determine the dynamics of the interaction of the car with the roadway, depending on the sample size, the nature of the process, the state of the object under study and other factors, the most rational methods based on probability theory are substantiated. Three of them are recommended for an adequate assessment of the impact of external influences on the output indicators of the car, in particular to assess the process of interaction of the car with the roadbed, which has a probabilistic character. Among the recommended estimation methods are included such methods as the method of approximating the external load with a periodic function such as a sinusoid with certain values of the amplitude and period of oscillation, the method of expanding the periodic function in Fourier series and the probabilistic-statistical method, which is based on taking into account the action of many random factors characterized by stable frequency.
HYDROJET EJECTION HYDROMETER OF BULK MATERIALS. WORKFLOW AND CHARACTERISTICS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Spiridonov E. К. , Yakubov G. G. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Khabarova D. F. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

Among hydrodynamic machines, jet pumps are among the most common. The high demand for this type of pump is due to their following features: the absence of moving parts and the simplicity of the device, small overall dimensions and weight, high self-priming ability, the ability to pump aggressive media and hydraulic mixtures containing solid impurities. In the hydromechanical method of developing deposits of building materials (sand, gravel, etc.), jet pumps – hydraulic elevators are used for underwater mining and transportation of bulk materials to the sorting plant, and after classification of the sand-gravel mixture – hydraulic transport of sand and gravel to dumps through pipelines. With this method of laying the finished product, the jet pump creates a static pressure of the hydraulic mixture, sufficient for its transport to the dump. However, another way of laying the finished product in dumps is also possible – through the air with a slurry stream. In this case, the jet pump performs the function of a hydrometer – a device for creating a high-speed slurry jet. A review of the literatureshowed that this mode of operation of the jet pump was not investigated. The effective operation of the jet pump-hydrometer depends on the ratio of the areas of the outlet section of the nozzle and the normal section of the mixing chamber, the relative density of the slurry in the input hopper. For each value of the relative density of the slurry, there is an optimal ratio of the areas of the nozzle and the chamber at which the specific energy consumption of the active stream will be minimal. The aim of this work is to determine and analyze the characteristics of an ejection hydrometer and to identify the most effective modes of its operation.
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE HOLE AXIS DEFLECTION WHEN WORKING WITH A COUNTERSINK WITH CARBIDE BLADES
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Deryabin I. P. , Tokarev A. S. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Lopatin B. A. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

This article discusses the developed mathematicalmodel that takes intoaccount the errors of sharpening and assembling the cutting blades of a countersink tool with carbide blades. This allows you to determine the actual area of the cut sections of the allowance for each blade and calculate the cutting forces acting on them. The resultant cutting forces leads to lateral displacements of the axis of the tool during machining of the hole. The mathematical model makes it possible to determine the errors of processing holes (axis retraction, split and shape accuracy) with a countersink with a carbideblades. To check the adequacy of the mathematical model, fullscale experiments were performed on blanks madeof various materials. The method of conducting a full-scale experiment was developed. Recommended cutting modes and a countersink with three blades are selected. Processing was performed at the MM800 Fanuc processing center. Using modern automation tools – the Renishaw system and additive technologies using the Range Vision Spectrum 3D scanner, the drift of the hole axis was measured after processing with a vertical drill with carbide blades. This device allows you to get the desired result in a very short time. A compact sensor was used to measure the deflection of the hole axis, allowing for very accurate results. Substituting the part processing data into the mathematical model, the calculated values (theoretical) of the hole axis withdrawal during processing for the prototypes are obtained. The theoretical results and the results of the field experiment are compared. Comparing the obtained theoretical results – the results of a mathematical model, and the results of a full-scale experiment, it was concluded that the developed mathematical model is adequate and can be used in production by technologists in the development and computer debugging of technological processes.