bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Idiosyncratic and Organizational Career Dynamics on Employee Career Development in Star-Rated Hotels in Nairobi City County, Kenya: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Musyoki. Joseph , Mapelu. Dr. Isabella , Rotich Dr. Dorothy
Published: August 2024

The imbalance between the number of employees and open positions in hotels is the cause of the problem, in which there is limited prospects for development of careers. It is challenging for lower-level employees to advance in their careers because of top-level roles relative to available positions and career dynamics. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of idiosyncratic and organizational dynamics on employee career development in hotels. The specific objectives were to establish the influence of idiosyncratic and organizational dynamics on employee career development in star-rated hotels in Nairobi City, Kenya. The target population was 3,114 employees from 10 star-rated hotels in Nairobi City County out of which 341 formed the sample size. Purposive, systematic random sampling and simple random sampling techniques were applied in the selection of the respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed using thematically. The study concluded that; idiosyncratic dynamics, organizational dynamics are important considerations in contributing to the way employees develop in their careers in the hotels. The study recommends personalized arrangements negotiated between individual employees and employers to maintain an idiosyncratic environment, creation of a high-performance culture that prioritizes the well-being of individuals to positively contribute to organizational dynamics. In addition, managers should embrace adaptability, critical thinking and communication skills to enhance organizational dynamics.
Assessment of the Pollution Indices of Particulate Matter Trapped in Classroom Ceiling Fans in a Tertiary Institution in Southern Nigeria.
Authors: Otaba. Ewona   I. , Terso Uza , keen Rabiu B. , Udo Sunday O. , Jeremiah Eka, B. , Edadi Ukam, L. , Okono Moses A. Okono
Published: August 2024

This study examined concentration of particulate matter in ceiling fans at the four campuses of the University of Cross River State, Calabar – Nigeria. Samples of dust particles were collected from six different halls in indoor environment. The samples were analysed using standard laboratory techniques. Heavy metals such Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb were present in the dust samples and the data were analysed using pollution indices. The findings of the study revealed that the study area is heavily polluted with Cd, Mn, Cu, Cu and Pb with a few exceptions in some sampled sites. The major heavy metal with high level of contamination, pollution and extreme damage is cadmium (Cd). Environment polluted with cadmium poses health risk such as cancers of the kidneys, lungs, breast and prostate. It also has genetoxic and cytotoxic effects and causes generation of reactive oxygen species like superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl free radicals which can harm the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The source of heavy metals is from anthropogenic activities such as vehicular emission, incineration of municipal waste, burning of fossil fuels and nickel – cadmium batteries and a few from natural source as evidenced in enrichment factor. It was recommended that environment–friendly bioremediation techniques should be employed to remove cadmium from the ceiling fans.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Loose Parts dalam Meningkatkan Kreatifitas Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Utami Tri
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendiskripsikan implementasi pembelajaran berbasis loose parts dalam meningkatkan kreativitas anak di KB Aisyiyah Al Hikmah Kretek Yogyakarta. Pembelajaran berbasis loose parts dipilih untuk meminimalisir penggunaan LKA (lembar kerja anak) dan lebih memberikan pembelajaran langsung atau dengan benda konkrit sesuai dengan prinsip pembelajaran untuk anak usia dini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah diskriptif kualitatif dengan metode pengambilan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran loose parts yang dilakukan pendidik dengan melakukan invitasi (penataan lingkungan main) dengan memanfaatkan bahan-bahan di sekitar anak. Selanjutnya pendidik memberikan kata “provokasi” untuk memancing ide atau kreativitas anak dalam menciptakan karya dari bahan-bahan loose parts yang dipersiapkan pendidik. Selanjutnya guru melakukan evaluasi atau penilaian pembelajaran yang dilakukan pada akhir pembelajaran dalam bentuk ceklist, hasil karya, dan catatan andekdot. Kreativitas anak terasah dalam membuat karya sesuai imajinasi mereka dengan peran pendidik hanya sebagai fasilitator.
Isu-Isu Problematis yang Dihadapi dalam Pembelajaran Rumpun Keagamaan (Akidah Akhlak di Madrasah Aliyah)
Authors: Putri Elza Eka , Kholik Abdul
Published: August 2024

Pembelajaran akidah akhlak di Madrasah Aliyah memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk karakter dan moral siswa. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya, terdapat berbagai isu problematis yang perlu diperhatikan untuk memastikan pembelajaran yang efektif dan bermakna. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui  apa saja isu-isu problematis dalam pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak dan apa saja Solusinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Adapun Teknik penentuan penelitian ini menggunakan Teknik analisis data, sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Kemudian data yang sudah terkumpul di analisis menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pada problematika dalam pembelajaran akidah akhlak di madrasah Aliyah yang sering terjadi problematika guru, problematika siswa, problematika sarana prasarana. Upaya yang dilakukan sekolah untuk memperbaiki kepribadian siswasiswi dengan melalui upaya guru akidah akhlak, upaya siswa, upaya pihak sekolah serta menerapkan peraturan- peraturan yang ketat, dan mengadakan kegiatan Islami.
Empowering Farmers: Integrating Farming Systems for Sustainable Prosperity
Authors:   Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, UP-India., Tiwari Awanindra Kumar
Published: August 2024

In the pursuit of sustainable agriculture and enhanced farmer livelihoods, the integration of farming systems has emerged as a promising strategy. This article explores the concept of Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) as a means to empower farmers and promote sustainable prosperity. By integrating various components such as crops, livestock, aquaculture, and agroforestry, IFS offers multifaceted benefits including enhanced resource utilization, risk mitigation, and income diversification. Drawing upon empirical evidence and case studies, this article elucidates the principles, challenges, and opportunities associated with the adoption of IFS. Furthermore, it highlights the role of supportive policies, institutional mechanisms, and extension services in facilitating the transition towards integrated farming models. Through a comprehensive review of literature and practical experiences, this article aims to provide insights into the potential of Integrated Farming Systems to contribute towards the overarching goal of enhancing farmer prosperity while promoting ecological sustainability and resilience in agriculture.
Desafios e Adaptações: Vivendo com Visão Monocular
Authors: VIEIRA M.A.O
Published: August 2024

The text addresses the experience of a teacher with monocular visual impairment, highlighting the challenges faced in various environments. Monocular visual impairment, often underestimated, affects depth perception and the visual field, impacting self-esteem and personal confidence. In the professional environment, ableism manifests through the lack of opportunities and adequate accommodations, limiting the growth potential of people with this condition. The author shares his personal experience, from the abrupt retinal detachment that resulted in the loss of vision in the right eye, facing prejudice and underestimation of his abilities. However, these difficulties motivated the search for creative solutions and the development of resilience. The text also highlights the importance of inclusive public policies, education, and awareness to combat ableism and promote inclusion. In the workplace, specific adaptations are necessary to meet the needs of people with monocular visual impairment. The proposed qualitative study aims to explore the experiences of individuals with this impairment, using semi-structured interviews to collect data on daily challenges, experiences of ableism, and adaptation strategies. The results can influence public policies, educational practices, and the development of assistive technologies, promoting a more inclusive and equitable future. The fight against ableism requires the commitment of all sectors of society, valuing functional diversity and respecting the needs of people with disabilities.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS ENHANCEMENT INSTRUMENT FOR OFFICE EMPLOYEE'S MOTIVATION
Authors:   Yogyakarta State University, Sukirno  , Bagdauletov Zh. ,   Yogyakarta State University
Published: August 2024

Job satisfaction and motivation are vital in companies’ productivity rate. New technologies shape our well know world in the way it wasn’t expected. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an enhancement tool in various areas has gained significant attention in recent years. Steps are being taken to create new work experiences that include the use of AI as a motivation improvement tool. Main difficulties of implementation of AI are – common biases towards AI as an instrument which will theft workplaces, slow application of innovation by enterprises, and lack of simple way for applying such technologies. Main methodology is qualitative research of secondary data by metanalysis and systematic review of various types of works concerning motivation, correlation of it with productivity and its interconnection with job satisfaction, and finally framework where AI can be used as enhancement tool. Conclusion proposes deeper in-house research of behavior of employee tools it is applied on, and work towards biased opinion in the direction of AI by increasing education on this subject.
COMPETENCES FOR MANAGING THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   International IT University, Shildibekov Y. , Omar A. ,   International IT University, Nurgabdeshov A. ,   Heriot-Watt University
Published: August 2024

The global imperative for the digital transformation of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) is evident, with Kazakhstan actively embracing digital solutions to enhance its higher education quality and adapt to the digital era's educational demands. However, the intricate nature of digital transformation demands a diverse skill set. Hence, recognizing essential competencies is vital for HEI leaders, educators, and staff to effectively oversee this process. This study aims to pinpoint the pivotal competencies required to manage digital transformation within Kazakh HEIs. The empirical data is collected through surveys and interviews with HEI stakeholders, encompassing leaders, managers, educators, and staff. The competencies are assessed using a quantitative scale based on the CEFR taxonomy, which categorizes proficiency from beginner to advanced levels. The study reveals critical insights into the proficiency levels of digital competencies among HEI stakeholders in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Across six key domains—professional engagement, digital resources, teaching and learning, assessment, empowering learners, and facilitating learners' digital competence—quantitative analysis highlights areas of strengths and weaknesses. This offers an evidence-based assessment of the current digital competence landscape within Kazakh HEIs. The findings have practical implications in shaping targeted training programs for HEI staff. By identifying areas of deficiency, the study aids in the development of tailored professional development initiatives. Ensuring HEI personnel possess requisite skills and knowledge vital for managing digital transformation, this research contributes to enhancing the effectiveness of digital leadership and management in Kazakh HEIs. As institutions continue to evolve in the digital age, the study's quantitative insights provide a foundation for fostering competent and confident management of digital transformation processes.
ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY WITHIN THE EAEU
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Tolepov A. , Tlessova A. ,   M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Dauzova A. ,   Almaty Humanitarian and economic University
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation and development of the potential of the knowledge-based economy within the EAEU, as well as ways to improve it. The works of foreign and Kazakhstani authors on the concepts of «knowledge-intensive economy» and «knowledge economy» have been studied. At the international level, a method for analyzing and evaluating the knowledge-based economy has been developed and calculated using economic and mathematical modeling. As a result, a model has been developed for linking the costs of the EAEU states for scientific work and development with the gross domestic product. Thanks to this model, the trend of growth of gross domestic product in the Union because of the joint functioning of the EAEU member states is proved. The article also uses quantitative and qualitative methods of scientific research. In particular, the theoretical part uses the bibliographic method, the analysis of the dynamics of statistical data in the analysis of indicators and the economic and mathematical method, as well as the method of deduction in the development and generalization of conclusions. To determine the conditions for the formation and development of the potential of the knowledge economy and knowledge-intensive economy within the framework of the EAEU, the main macroeconomic indicators are analyzed. Based on the results of the research and analysis of theoretical aspects, the main problems of the knowledge-based economy in the EAEU states are identified. Specific ways of solving the identified problems are proposed.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF AGRARIAN REFORM
Authors:   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Abdikerimova G. , Mergenbayeva A. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Kydyrova Zh. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Bayneeva F. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Statsenko O. ,   Miras University
Published: August 2024

The article analyzes the main indicators of the development of the livestock industry, which demonstrates a steady decrease in sales volumes. Based on the study of the general profitability of livestock products, it is concluded that the observed increase in the efficiency of livestock farming is associated with a reduction in the costs of agricultural producers for fodder crops, as well as with the expansion of the possibility of purchasing imported machinery, feed, additives, etc. At the same time, the achieved high profitability indicators are not sustainable, and conjunctural changes in the market do not allow us to ensure stable high financial performance.
ASSET QUALITY REVIEW AS A DRIVER OF TRANSPARENCY OF THE NATIONAL BANKING SYSTEM
Authors:   Zhetysu University named after Ilyas Zhansugurov, Lukhmanova G. , Seitova G. ,   A.Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kenzhebekova D. ,   A.Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Sakibayeva K. ,   Satbayev University, Kuzenbayeva E. ,   L.B. Goncharov Kazakh Automobile and Road Institute
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on the growth rate of the financial market of Kazakhstan through the effective development of the banking system. To date, it is revealed that the banking sector is unstable due to insufficient effective activity of the entire banking system. The main problem is that banks are often involved in high-risk operations, which increases the vulnerability of the entire system. These risky operations can lead to significant losses and pose additional threats to economic stability. As a result, both consumers and investors lose confidence in banking institutions, further exacerbating the problem. One of the main indicators of a bank's reliability and stability is its rating from reputable international agencies. The purpose of the study is to determine the role and significance of asset quality assessment (hereinafter-AQR) in assessing the development of the banking sector of Kazakhstan under conditions of financial and geopolitical instability. The prerequisites, the current state of development of the national banking system have been considered, and the problems of functioning of the banking sector at the present stage have been revealed. It is shown that the theoretical significance of the research lies in the expansion of theoretical and methodological aspects of formation and realization of methods of assets assessment and management. Originality and practical value of the results of the study lies in the comprehensive study of the problems of the banking system activity with the development of proposals and the main measures to improve the financial stability of the banking system of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the near future.
Designing Cybersecurity Measures for Enterprise Software Applications to Protect Data Integrity
Authors: Daniel Ajiga  , Patrick Azuka Okeleke  , Samuel Olaoluwa Folorunsho  , Chinedu Ezeigweneme
Published: August 2024

In an era of escalating cyber threats, safeguarding data integrity in enterprise software applications is critical for maintaining trust and operational stability. Designing robust cybersecurity measures is essential to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access, alteration, and loss. This review explores key strategies and methodologies for developing comprehensive cybersecurity frameworks tailored for enterprise software applications. Effective cybersecurity begins with a thorough risk assessment to identify potential vulnerabilities and threats specific to the enterprise's software environment. Implementing multilayered security measures, including encryption, access controls, and authentication protocols, is vital for mitigating risks. Encryption protects data in transit and at rest, ensuring that even if intercepted, the data remains unintelligible to unauthorized parties. Access controls and authentication mechanisms, such as multifactor authentication (MFA), enhance security by verifying the identity of users and restricting access based on roles and permissions. Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments play a crucial role in detecting and addressing potential weaknesses. These audits should be conducted both internally and externally to provide a comprehensive view of the security posture. Additionally, adopting secure coding practices and integrating security into the software development lifecycle (SDLC) help in identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities during the development phase. Incident response planning is another critical aspect of cybersecurity. Developing a well-defined incident response plan ensures that the enterprise can quickly and effectively address security breaches, minimizing potential damage and restoring data integrity. This includes establishing protocols for detecting, responding to, and recovering from cyber incidents. Educating and training employees about cybersecurity best practices is essential for maintaining a secure environment. Employees should be aware of common threats, such as phishing and social engineering attacks, and understand their role in safeguarding the enterprise’s data. In conclusion, designing effective cybersecurity measures for enterprise software applications requires a multifaceted approach that includes risk assessment, encryption, access controls, regular audits, secure coding practices, incident response planning, and employee training. By implementing these strategies, enterprises can enhance their defenses, protect data integrity, and ensure the resilience of their software applications against evolving cyber threats.
Keywords: Designing, Cybersecurity, Data Integrity, Software Applications, Enterprise.
Enhancing security and transparency in telecommunications through blockchain technology implementation
Authors: Samuel Olaoluwa Folorunsho  , Olubunmi Adeolu Adenekan  , Chinedu Ezeigweneme  , Ike Chidiebere Somadina  , Patrick Azuka Okeleke
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the integration of blockchain technology to enhance security and transparency in telecommunications. The objective is to investigate how blockchain can address critical challenges such as data breaches, fraud, and lack of transparency that plague the telecommunications sector. The research methodology involves a comprehensive literature review, case studies, and expert interviews to understand the current state of telecommunications security and transparency issues. Additionally, a conceptual framework is developed to demonstrate the application of blockchain technology in mitigating these challenges. Key findings indicate that blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable ledger, offers significant advantages in ensuring data integrity, secure transactions, and transparent processes within telecommunications networks. The study highlights successful implementations of blockchain in areas such as identity management, fraud prevention, and secure data sharing. Furthermore, the paper identifies potential obstacles to blockchain adoption, including scalability issues, regulatory hurdles, and the need for industry-wide standards. The conclusions emphasize that while blockchain technology presents a promising solution to enhance security and transparency in telecommunications, its successful implementation requires a collaborative effort among stakeholders, including telecom operators, technology providers, and regulators. The paper recommends further research into overcoming technical and regulatory challenges, as well as pilot projects to validate the proposed framework. Ultimately, the integration of blockchain technology in telecommunications can lead to more secure and transparent networks, fostering trust and innovation in the industry.
Keywords: Blockchain Technology, Telecommunications, Security, Transparency, Fraud Prevention, Scalability, Interoperability, Regulatory Compliance, Decentralized Ledger, Smart Contracts, Industry Collaboration, AI Integration, IoT Integration, Public-Private Partnerships, Quantum-Resistant Cryptography, Privacy-Preserving Techniques, Sharding, Layer-Two Solutions, Data Protection, Innovative Solutions.
The role of digital transformation in post-merger integration: Evidence from the financial services industry
Authors: Adesola Oluwatosin Adelaja  , Stanley Chidozie Umeorah  , Oluwatoyin Funmilayo Ayodele  , Bibitayo Ebunlomo Abikoye
Published: August 2024

Digital transformation has emerged as a critical catalyst for successful post-merger integration (PMI) within the financial services industry. This study delves into the multifaceted role of digital technologies in facilitating efficient PMI, drawing upon empirical evidence and case studies from prominent financial institutions. By employing a mixed-methods approach, the research assesses the impact of digital tools on operational efficiency, customer experience, and overall post-merger organizational performance. Key findings reveal that digital transformation significantly enhances operational effectiveness by streamlining processes, reducing redundancies, and optimizing data management. Moreover, integrating digital platforms fosters improved customer experiences, increasing retention and satisfaction. However, the study underscores the challenges posed by cybersecurity and data privacy risks, emphasizing the need for robust risk mitigation strategies. This research concludes that while digital transformation is indispensable for achieving successful PMI, its implementation requires meticulous planning and execution to address potential pitfalls. The implications of these findings extend beyond the financial services sector, providing valuable insights for organizations across industries undergoing digital transformation in the context of mergers and acquisitions.
Keywords:  Digital Transformation, Post-Merger Integration, Financial Services Industry, Technology Integration, Organizational Change.
The economic impact of social media marketing: A study of consumer goods in emerging markets
Authors: Sodiq Odetunde Babatunde  , Patrick Azuka Okeleke  , Tochukwu Ignatius Ijomah
Published: August 2024

The economic impact of social media marketing on consumer goods in emerging markets has become increasingly significant, driven by rapid digital adoption and the growing influence of online platforms. This study explores how social media marketing strategies employed by consumer goods companies contribute to economic growth in these regions. By leveraging data from various emerging markets, the research examines the role of social media in enhancing brand visibility, consumer engagement, and market penetration. The study highlights the ability of social media to reach vast audiences at relatively low costs, enabling companies to build brand awareness and foster consumer loyalty in markets where traditional advertising channels may be less effective or accessible. Through targeted advertising, influencer partnerships, and interactive campaigns, social media marketing has proven instrumental in driving sales and expanding market share for consumer goods companies. This, in turn, has stimulated local economies by increasing consumer spending, creating jobs, and encouraging competition. Furthermore, the study discusses the multiplier effect of social media marketing on economic development, particularly in how it helps local businesses integrate into the global economy. By providing a platform for smaller companies to compete with established brands, social media has democratized access to markets and facilitated the growth of entrepreneurial ventures in emerging economies. However, the study also acknowledges the challenges and limitations of social media marketing in these contexts, such as digital divides, varying levels of internet penetration, and the need for culturally sensitive content. The findings underscore the importance of adapting social media strategies to the specific characteristics of emerging markets to maximize their economic impact. In conclusion, social media marketing has become a powerful tool for driving economic growth in emerging markets by enhancing brand presence, increasing consumer demand, and fostering competitive business environments. As digital ecosystems continue to evolve, the role of social media in shaping economic landscapes in these regions is expected to expand further, offering significant opportunities for consumer goods companies and local economies alike.
Keywords: Economic Impact, Social Media Marketing, Consumer Goods, Emerging Markets, Study.
Innovative drug delivery methods for combating antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Ejike Innocent Nwankwo  , Ebube Victor Emeihe  , Mojeed Dayo Ajegbile  , Janet Aderonke Olaboye  , Chukwudi Cosmos Maha
Published: August 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health, complicating the treatment of infectious diseases and leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Innovative drug delivery methods are emerging as critical strategies to combat AMR by enhancing the efficacy of existing antibiotics and facilitating the development of new therapeutic approaches. This paper explores the role of novel drug delivery systems in addressing AMR challenges. One of the primary approaches is the development of targeted drug delivery systems that improve the precision of antibiotic therapy. Nanotechnology has revolutionized this field, enabling the creation of nanoparticles and nanocarriers that can deliver drugs directly to infection sites, reducing systemic side effects and enhancing drug concentration at the target. These advanced delivery systems can be engineered to release antibiotics in a controlled manner, overcoming bacterial resistance mechanisms and minimizing the likelihood of resistance development. Another promising strategy involves the use of combination therapies delivered through innovative methods. By combining antibiotics with adjuvants or resistance-modifying agents, these systems can counteract resistance mechanisms and restore the effectiveness of existing drugs. For instance, drug delivery platforms that co-deliver antibiotics with inhibitors of bacterial efflux pumps or biofilm formation can enhance the treatment of resistant infections. The integration of smart drug delivery systems, which respond to environmental stimuli such as pH changes or specific bacterial enzymes, offers additional advantages. These systems can release antibiotics only in the presence of resistant bacteria, thereby reducing the overall exposure of bacteria to antibiotics and decreasing the risk of resistance. Innovative drug delivery methods also include the development of long-acting formulations and implants that provide sustained release of antibiotics over extended periods. Such systems reduce the frequency of dosing, improve patient adherence, and ensure consistent therapeutic levels, which are crucial for managing chronic infections and preventing resistance. In conclusion, innovative drug delivery methods are pivotal in the fight against AMR. By enhancing drug targeting, combining therapies, and utilizing smart and sustained-release systems, these approaches offer promising solutions to improve antibiotic efficacy and curb resistance. Continued research and development in this area are essential for advancing therapeutic strategies and ensuring effective management of infectious diseases in the face of rising antimicrobial resistance.
Keywords:  Innovative, Drug Delivery Methods, Combating, Antimicrobial, Resistance.
Artificial intelligence in predictive analytics for epidemic outbreaks in rural populations
Authors: Geneva Tamunobarafiri Igwama  , Ejike Innocent Nwankwo  , Ebube Victor Emeihe  , Mojeed Dayo Ajegbile
Published: August 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the approach to managing epidemic outbreaks, especially in rural populations where resources are often limited. This paper discusses the role of AI in predictive analytics for epidemic forecasting and response in these underserved areas. AI-driven predictive models utilize advanced algorithms and large datasets to anticipate outbreaks, identify potential hotspots, and optimize resource allocation. AI applications in predictive analytics integrate various data sources, including historical health records, real-time surveillance data, and environmental factors, to create accurate epidemic forecasts. These models enhance the ability to predict the spread of diseases by identifying patterns and correlations that traditional methods might miss. For rural areas, where data collection and health monitoring can be challenging, AI offers a crucial advantage by providing actionable insights from limited and disparate data sources. One notable application is the use of machine learning algorithms to analyze patterns of disease transmission and predict future outbreaks. These models can forecast the likelihood of disease spread based on current trends and historical data, enabling timely intervention and preparedness. For instance, AI has been used to predict flu outbreaks by analyzing historical flu data combined with social media trends and environmental factors. Moreover, AI-driven predictive analytics facilitate more efficient allocation of healthcare resources by forecasting demand for medical supplies and personnel. This is particularly valuable in rural settings where healthcare infrastructure is often sparse. By predicting areas at high risk for outbreaks, AI helps prioritize interventions and deploy resources where they are needed most. However, the application of AI in rural epidemic management faces challenges, including data quality issues, the need for robust local data infrastructure, and ensuring equitable access to technological advancements. Addressing these challenges is crucial for maximizing the impact of AI in improving epidemic preparedness and response in rural populations. In conclusion, AI in predictive analytics holds significant promise for enhancing epidemic management in rural areas by providing timely, data-driven insights that improve forecasting and resource allocation. Future advancements in AI and improvements in data infrastructure will further strengthen these capabilities, ultimately leading to better health outcomes in underserved communities.
Keywords:  AI, Predictive Analytics, Epidemic Outbreak, Rural, Populations.
Advancements in Passivation and Metallization Techniques for n-Type Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Korichi Hakim , Boucheham Abdelghani , Bensdira Ahmed Bahaedine , Kazerane Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Crystalline n-type silicon (n-Si) solar cells are emerging as promising candidates to overcome the efficiency limitations of current p-type technologies, such as PERC cells. This article explores recent advances in passivation and metallisation techniques for monocrystalline n-Si solar cells, focusing on their impact on improving conversion efficiency and reducing manufacturing costs. The paper begins with a discussion of the importance of base material quality for n-Si cells. The impact of metallic impurities, oxide precipitates and thermal donors on minority carrier lifetime is analysed, as well as n-type silicon purification and passivation strategies, such as gettering. Next, the paper explores different contact passivation technologies, including silicon heterojunctions (SHJs), poly-Si and tunnel oxide TOPCon/POLO contacts, and metal oxide and organic compound contacts. The performance, advantages and manufacturing challenges of each technology are compared and discussed. Metallization techniques such as silver screen printing and more cost-effective and sustainable alternatives such as screen printing and copper plating are also examined. The impact of plating technologies on the performance of bifacial cells is also discussed. The paper then looks at n-Si bifacial solar cells and their potential to increase the energy efficiency of PV systems. Different bifacial cell concepts and their performance under real-world conditions are discussed, as well as the challenges and opportunities for their future development. Silicon-based tandem and multifunction solar cells are presented as a promising way to overcome the efficiency limits of single-junction cells. Perovskite-silicon tandems and III-V/silicon tandems, with their respective advantages and challenges, are examined in detail. Finally, the article discusses the economic and environmental aspects of n-type PV technologies, including cost of ownership (COO), discounted cost of energy (LCOE) and life cycle assessment (LCA). The importance of improving efficiency and reducing material use for the economic viability and sustainability of n-Si solar cells is highlighted. In conclusion, the paper highlights the crucial role of n-Si solar cells for the energy transition and highlights the opportunities and challenges for their development and large-scale deployment in the future.
PELAKSANAAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DI TINGKAT KEPOLISIAN, KEJAKSAAN, DAN PERADILAN UMUM
Authors: Burhanudin Djohan , Zamroni M. , Gunawan Bambang Panji
Published: August 2024

Untuk mengatasi ketidakpuasan terhadap sistem peradilan pidana saat ini, Restorative Justice dapat digunakan sebagai kerangka strategi penanganan perkara pidana. Masyarakat tidak hanya direpresentasikan sebagai tersangka atau korban dalam mekanisme restorative justice untuk menyelesaikan kasus pidana. Sebagai bagian dari penyelesaian suatu perkara pidana, masyarakat dapat diberikan peran yang lebih besar sebagai pengawas pelaksanaan mufakat. Adapun tujuan penulisan hukum ini adalah untuk mendapati terkait pelaksanaan restorative justice dan perkara-perkara pidana yang dapat dilakukan upaya keadilan restorative justice di tingkat Kepolisian, Kejaksaan, dan Peradilan Umum yang sesuai dengan peraturan hukum di Indonesia. Digunakan pendekatan undang-undang dalam teknik penulisan ini secara normatif dan bersifat perspektif. Data sekunder dari sumber hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier digunakan dalam tulisan ini. Teknik pengumpulan data penulisan ini memanfaatkan kajian pustaka yang mengkaji data sekunder. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode deduktif untuk analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian dalam penulisan hukum ini yaitu bahwa penyelesaian perkara pidana tidak harus berakhir dalam hukuman penjara, Khususnya pada perkara pidana ringan bisa diselesaikan dengan cepat dan tepat melalui Restorative Justice yang ada pada tingkat Kepolisian, Kejaksaan dan Badan Peradilan Umum. Tersangka maupun korban akan sama-sama mendapatkan keadilan yang maksimal dan saling menguntungkan.
ADVANCES IN NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF SKIN CANCER IN BLACK WOMEN: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF DERMOSCOPY, REFLECTANCE CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY, OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY, ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY, MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING, AND ADHESIVE PATCH BIOPSY
Authors: Lima Bruna Marmori , Machado Giulia Canello , Destefani Afrânio Côgo , Destefani Vinícius Côgo
Published: August 2024

Skin cancer, including melanoma, poses significant challenges in early detection and diagnosis, particularly in Black women, due to unique skin pigmentation characteristics. This narrative review explores the advancements in non-invasive diagnostic methods tailored explicitly for early skin cancer detection in Black women. The article focuses on six essential techniques: dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), multispectral imaging, and adhesive patch biopsy. The review delves into the principles, efficacy, limitations, and potential applications of each method in the context of diverse skin types. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of specialized training for accurately interpreting these diagnostic tools in Black women and underscores the urgent need for further validation studies in diverse populations. This comprehensive review aims to provide valuable insights for dermatologists, oncologists, and researchers working towards improving early skin cancer detection and management in Black women.
La réinvention des territoires par la solidarité
Authors: Chabaud Didier , Eynaud Philippe , Raulet-Croset Nathalie
Published: August 2024

Si les territoires ont toujours été confrontés à de multiples défis, l’addition des questions de transition aux enjeux économiques, culturels et sociaux complique largement la donne. La transition entraîne en effet l’impérieuse nécessité d’un autre regard.La réinvention des territoires par la solidarité apparaît comme une piste particulièrement pertinente en ce qu’elle permet de s’appuyer sur les très nombreuses innovations portées par les acteurs de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS). Pour illustrer ce propos, l’ouvrage rassemble des études de cas qui témoignent de leur étonnante capacité à articuler économie et démocratie locale afin d’asseoir la soutenabilité de leurs activités. Ces études de cas illustrent une vision renouvelée du développement territorial reposant sur la coopération entre ESS, collectivités, entrepreneurs et citoyens. En cela, elles inaugurent un nouveau regard où il s’agit de penser une action publique « recomposée » laissant une place importante aux acteurs de la solidarité pour co-construire avec les acteurs publics locaux des dispositifs à même de relever les grands défis contemporains.
Vertical variability of aerosol properties and trace gases over a remote marine region: a case study over Bermuda
Authors: Ajayi Taiwo , Choi Yonghoon , Crosbie Ewan C. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Diskin Glenn S. , Fenn Marta A. , Ferrare Richard A. , Hair Johnathan W. , Hilario Miguel Ricardo A. , Hostetler Chris A. , Kirschler Simon , Moore Richard H. , Shingler Taylor J. , Shook Michael A. , Soloff Cassidy , Thornhill Kenneth L. , Voigt Christiane , Winstead Edward L. , Ziemba Luke D. , Sorooshian Armin
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Remote marine regions comprise a high fraction of Earth's surface, but in situ vertically resolved measurements over these locations remain scarce. Here we use airborne data during 15 vertical spiral soundings (0.15–8.5 km) over Bermuda during the NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions over the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) to investigate the impact of different source regions on the vertical structure of trace gases, aerosol particles, and meteorological variables over 1000 km offshore of the US East Coast. Results reveal significant differences in vertical profiles of variables between three different air mass source categories (North America, Ocean, Caribbean/North Africa) identified using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model: (i) the strongest pollution signature is from air masses from the North America category, while the weakest one is from the Ocean category; (ii) North America air has the highest levels of CO, CH4, submicron particle number concentration, aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) mass, and organic mass fraction along with smoke layers in the free troposphere (FT); (iii) Ocean air has the highest relative amount of nitrate, non-sea-salt sulfate, and oxalate, which are key acidic species participating in chloride depletion; (iv) air masses from the Caribbean/North Africa showed a pronounced coarse aerosol signature in the FT and reduced aerosol hygroscopicity, which is associated with dust transport; and (v) there is considerable vertical heterogeneity for almost all variables examined, including higher O3 and submicron particle concentrations with altitude, suggesting that the FT is a potential contributor of both constituents in the marine boundary layer. This study highlights the importance of considering air mass source origin and vertical resolution to capture aerosol and trace gas properties over remote marine areas.
Understanding the role of contrails and contrail cirrus in climate change: a global perspective
Authors: Singh Dharmendra Kumar , Sanyal Swarnali , Wuebbles Donald J.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Globally, emissions from aviation affect Earth's climate via complex processes. Contrail cirrus and carbon dioxide emissions are the largest factors contributing to aviation's radiative forcing on climate. Contrail cirrus, like natural cirrus clouds, impacts Earth's climate. Even with the extensive ongoing research, the relative importance of the climate effects of contrails compared to other aviation effects on climate still has major uncertainties requiring further research. Contrail cirrus encompasses linear contrails and the associated cirrus clouds; these are characterized by ice particle properties, e.g., size, concentration, mixing, extinction, ice water content, optical depth, geometrical depth, and cloud coverage. The climate impact of contrails may intensify due to projected increases in air traffic. The radiative forcing from global contrail cirrus has the potential to triple and could reach as much as 160 mW m−2 by 2050. This projection is based on anticipated growth in air traffic and a potential shift to higher altitudes. The future climate impact of contrail cirrus is influenced by factors like the magnitude and geographical spread in air traffic, advancements in fuel efficiency, the effects of the use of alternative fuels, and the effects of the changing climate on the background atmosphere. This study reviews the microphysical processes affecting contrail formation and the aging of contrails and contrail cirrus. Furthermore, the study explores global observational datasets for contrails, current analyses, and future projections and will aid in evaluating the effectiveness and tradeoffs associated with various mitigation strategies. The research highlights gaps in knowledge and uncertainties while outlining research priorities for the future.
Detecting snowfall events over the Arctic using optical and microwave satellite measurements
Authors: Jääskeläinen Emmihenna , Kouki Kerttu , Riihelä Aku
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The precipitation over the Arctic region is a difficult quantity to determine with high accuracy, as the in situ observation network is sparse, and current climate models, atmospheric reanalyses, and direct satellite-based precipitation observations suffer from diverse difficulties that hinder the correct assessment of precipitation. We undertake a proof-of-concept investigation into how accurately optical satellite observations, namely Sentinel-2 surface-reflectance-based grain-size-connected specific surface area of snow (SSA), and microwave-based snow water equivalent (SWE) estimates can detect snowfall over the Arctic. In addition to the satellite data, we also include ERA5-Land SWE data to support the analysis. Here, we chose a limited area (a circle of 100 km radius around Luosto radar located in Northern Finland) and a short time period (covering March 2018) to test these data sources and their usability in this precipitation assessment problem. We classified differences between observations independently for SSA and SWE and compared the results to the radar-based snowfall information. These initial results are promising. Situations with snowfall are classified with high recalls, 64 % for the satellite-based SWE, 77 % for ERA5-Land-based SWE, and around 90 % for SSA compared to radar-based data. Cases without snowfall are more difficult to classify correctly using satellite-based data. The recall values are 34 % for satellite-based SWE and vary from almost 60 % to over 70 % for SSA. SWE from ERA5-Land has the highest recall value for cases without snowfall, 80 %. These results indicate that optical and microwave-based satellite observations can be used to detect snowfall events over the Arctic.
Impacts of science on society and policy in major river basins globally
Authors: Wu Shuanglei , Wei Yongping
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Radical transformations of knowledge development are required to address the sustainability issues in the Anthropocene. This study developed a framework to understand the internal structures of knowledge development with two dimensions: degree of multidisciplinarity and degree of issue connectivity. Examining the knowledge development in 72 river basins globally from 1962 to 2017 using the Web of Science (WoS) dataset, it was found that the river basin knowledge systems were characterized by increasingly interconnected issues addressed by limited disciplines. Evaluating these structural characteristics against six impact indicators of society and policy, over 90 % of rivers were found to have knowledge structures that were strongly linked to society impacts, whereas only 57 % were linked to that of policy. Optimization analysis further found that about 35 % of the rivers studied mostly in Asia, Africa, and South America were prone to fragmented knowledge structures that had limited capacities to effectively address the issues with negative environmental impacts and resource depletion. Improving multidisciplinary research is the key to transforming the current knowledge structure to support more sustainable river basin development.