bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Precision Stand Age Data Facilitate the Estimation of Rubber Plantation Biomass: A Case Study of Hainan Island, China
Authors: Chen Bangqian , Yun Ting , Ma Jun , Kou Weili , Li Hailiang , Yang Chuan , Xiao Xiangming , Zhang Xian , Sun Rui , Xie Guishui , Wu Zhixiang
Published: November 2020

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.) plantations constitute one of the most important agro-ecosystems in the tropical region of China and Southeast Asia, playing an important role in the carbon budget there. Accurately obtaining their biomass over a large area is challenging because of difficulties in acquiring the Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) through remote sensing and the problem of biomass saturation. The stand age, which is closely related to the forest biomass, was proposed for biomass estimation in this study. A stand age map at an annual scale for Hainan Island, which is the second largest natural rubber production base in China, was generated using all Landsat and Sentinel-2 (LS2) data (1987–2017). Scatter plots and the correlation coefficient method were used to explore the relationship (e.g., biomass saturation) between rubber biomass and different LS2-based variables. Subsequently, a regression model fitted with the stand age (R2 = 0.96) and a Random Forest (RF) model parameterizing with LS2-based variables and/or the stand age were respectively employed to estimate rubber biomass for Hainan Island. The results show that rubber biomass was saturated around 65 Mg/ha with all LS2-based variables. The regression model estimated biomass accurately (R2 = 0.79 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 14.00 Mg/ha) and eliminated the saturation problem significantly. In addition to LS2-based variables, adding a stand age parameter to the RF models was found to significantly improve the prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.82–0.96 and RMSE = 4.08–10.59 Mg/ha, modeling using samples of different biomass sizes). However, all RF models overestimated the biomass of young plantations and underestimated the biomass of old plantations. A hybrid model integrating the optimal results of RF and regression models reduced estimation bias and generated the best performance (R2 = 0.83 and RMSE = 12.48 Mg/ha). The total rubber biomass of Hainan Island in 2017 was about 5.40 × 107 Mg. The northward and westward expansions after 2000 had great impact on the biomass distribution, leading to a higher biomass density for the inland coastal strip from south to northeast and a lower biomass density in the northern and western regions.
General Response Formula for CFD Pseudo-Fractional 2D Continuous Linear Systems Described by the Roesser Model
Authors: Rogowski Krzysztof
Published: November 2020

In many engineering problems associated with various physical phenomena, there occurs a necessity of analysis of signals that are described by multidimensional functions of more than one variable such as time t or space coordinates x, y, z. Therefore, in such cases, we should consider dynamical models of two or more dimensions. In this paper, a new two-dimensional (2D) model described by the Roesser type of state-space equations will be considered. In the introduced model, partial differential operators described by the Conformable Fractional Derivative (CFD) definition with respect to the first (horizontal) and second (vertical) variables will be applied. For the model under consideration, the general response formula is derived using the inverse fractional Laplace method. Next, the properties of the solution will be considered. Usefulness of the general response formula will be discussed and illustrated by a numerical example.
Variations in Soil Erosion Resistance of Gully Head Along a 25-Year Revegetation Age on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Chen Zhuoxin , Guo Mingming , Wang Wenlong
Published: November 2020

The effects of vegetation restoration on soil erosion resistance of gully head, along a revegetation age gradient, remain poorly understood. Hence, we collected undisturbed soil samples from a slope farmland and four grasslands with different revegetation ages (3, 10, 18, 25 years) along gully heads. Then, these samples were used to obtain soil detachment rate of gully heads by the hydraulic flume experiment under five unit width flow discharges (2–6 m3 h). The results revealed that soil properties were significantly ameliorated and root density obviously increased in response to restoration age. Compared with farmland, soil detachment rate of revegetated gully heads decreased 35.5% to 66.5%, and the sensitivity of soil erosion of the gully heads to concentrated flow decreased with revegetation age. The soil detachment rate of gully heads was significantly related to the soil bulk density, soil disintegration rate, capillary porosity, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content and water stable aggregate. The roots of 0–0.5 and 0.5–1.0 mm had the highest benefit in reducing soil loss of gully head. After revegetation, soil erodibility of gully heads decreased 31.0% to 78.6%, and critical shear stress was improved by 1.2 to 4.0 times. The soil erodibility and critical shear stress would reach a stable state after an 18-years revegetation age. These results allow us to better evaluate soil vulnerability of gully heads to concentrated flow erosion and the efficiency of revegetation.
Concordance in the recording of stroke across UK primary and secondary care datasets: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Morgan Ann , Sinnott Sarah-Jo , Smeeth Liam , Minassian Caroline , Quint Jennifer
Published: November 2020

Background

Previous work has demonstrated that the recording of acute health outcomes, such as myocardial infarction (MI), may be suboptimal in primary healthcare databases.

Aim

To assess the completeness and accuracy of the recording of stroke in UK primary care.

Design & setting

A population-based longitudinal cohort study.

Method

Cases of stroke were identified separately in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care records and linked Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). The recording of events in the same patient across the two datasets was compared. The reliability of strategies to identify fatal strokes in primary care and hospital records was also assessed.

Results

Of the 75 674 stroke events that were identified in either CPRD or HES data during the period of the study, 54 929 (72.6%) were recorded in CPRD and 51 013 (67.4%) were recorded in HES. Two-fifths (n = 30 268) of all recorded strokes were found in both datasets (allowing for a time window of 120 days). Among these 'matched' strokes the subtype was recorded accurately in approximately 75% of CPRD records (compared with coding in HES); however, 43.5% of ischaemic strokes in HES were coded as 'non-specific' strokes in CPRD data. Furthermore, 48.2% had same-day recordings, and 56.2% were date-matched within ±1 day.

Conclusion

The completeness and accuracy of stroke recording is improved by the use of linked hospital and primary care records. For studies that have a time-sensitive research question, the use of linked, as opposed to stand-alone, CPRD data is strongly recommended.
Effect of COVID-19 on Kidney Disease Incidence and Management
Authors: McAdams Meredith , Ostrosky-Frid Mauricio , Rajora Nilum , Hedayati Susan
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 outbreak has had substantial effects on the incidence and management of kidney diseases, including AKI, ESKD, GN, and kidney transplantation. Initial reports from China suggested a lower AKI incidence in patients with COVID-19, but more recent studies from North America reveal a much higher incidence, likely due to the higher prevalence of comorbid conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and CKD. AKI in this setting is associated with worse outcomes, including the requirement for vasopressors or mechanical ventilation and death. Performing RRT in those with AKI poses challenges, such as limiting exposure of staff, preserving PPE, coagulopathy, and hypoxemia due to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Continuous RRT is the preferred modality, with sustained low-efficiency dialysis also an option, both managed without 1:1 hemodialysis nursing support. Regional citrate is the preferred anticoagulation, but systemic unfractionated heparin may be used in patients with coagulopathy. The ultrafiltration rate has to be set carefully, taking into consideration hypotension, hypoxemia, and responsiveness to presser and ventilatory support. The chance of transmission puts in-center chronic hemodialysis and other immunosuppressed patients at particularly increased risk. Limited data show that patients with CKD are also at increased risk for more severe disease, if infected. Little is known about the virus’s effects on immunocompromised patients with glomerular diseases and kidney transplants, which introduces challenges for management of immunosuppressant regimens. Although there are no standardized guidelines regarding the management of immunosuppression, several groups recommend stopping the antimetabolite in hospitalized transplant patients and continuing a reduced dose of calcineurin inhibitors. This comprehensive review critically appraises the best available evidence regarding the effect of COVID-19 on the incidence and management of kidney diseases. Where evidence is lacking, current expert opinion and clinical guidelines are reviewed, and knowledge gaps worth investigation are identified.
Larvicide and insecticide activity of the essential oil of Ocimum sanctum var. cubensis in the control of Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758), under laboratory conditions
Authors: Chil-Núñez Idelsy , Martins Mendonça Paloma , Escalona-Arranz Julio C. , Dutok-Sánchez Carlos M. , Guisado Bourzac Frenkel , de Carvalho Queiroz Margareth M.
Published: November 2020

Essential oils have been considered as an important alternative facing synthetic pesticides. The control of the species Musca domestica is very important for public health due to their role as vector associated with Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella and Shigella, among other pathogens. The objective of this work was to evaluate the larvicidal and insecticidal efficacy of the essential oil of Ocimum sanctum var. cubensis, in the control of Musca domestica and its effect on the post-embryonic development of this species. The essential oil was applied topically in six concentrations to newly hatched larvae (1μL / larva). Mortality, interval length of each development period, as well as the weight of mature larvae were analyzed. An insecticidal bioassay was also carried out in adult flies. The essential oil of O. sanctum caused a slight reduction in the larval and pupal period for some of the concentrations evaluated. The time of development of the newly hatched larvae until the adult period was shortened in all the concentrations analyzed. The larvae of the control group were the heaviest. The effectiveness of the product in the control of the larvae of the flies of the species M. domestica was greater than 50%, except for those larvae treated with 80.25 mg/mL of the essential oil. The lethal concentration for adult insects LC50 was estimated at 9.41μg. Results demonstrated that the essential oil of O. sanctum has effect in all stages of the life cycle of M. domestica, extolling its potential as an effective insecticide against this species.
Implications of Political Stability and Financial innovations for Sectoral Economic Growth of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Safdar , Ahmad Khalil , Shahid Muhammad
Published: November 2020

The economic status of a country plays an important role in the lives of the citizens of both developed and developing countries. With the rapid increase in population, every country is trying to find new ways to boost its growth rate so that it may elicit the maximum number of people from poverty and can compare other countries in the form of improvement. The main objective of the study is to empirically investigate the impact of political stability and financial innovations on economic growth. Furthermore, the study also analyzes the impact of subsectors (Agricultural, Industry, and Services) of the economy on growth. A time-series co-integration autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is used to investigate the general to specific sector's growth. The key empirical finding shows that political stability and financial development has a positive and significant impact on economic growth as well as its sub-sectors in the long-run. Trade liberalization has a positive impact on economic growth but most surprising results have been witnessed in agriculture growth for Pakistan.
Factorial Design-Based Process Optimization for Continuous Quality Improvement
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Akın , UÇURUM Metin , SERENCAM Hüseyin
Published: November 2020

The design of the experiment plays a key role to develop a new process or improve an existing process. In the literature, factorial experimental designs are used for continuous quality improvement. This paper presents a novel methodology with a factorial experimental design in order to conduct an experiment data analysis for the optimization of design factors. The proposed methodology has five main steps. The first step is related to pre-experimental planning. The second step is the experimental phase with a factorial design. The third step analyzes data for an experiment. Next, a factorial design-based optimization model is firstly developed to get the optimal settings of design factors. The last step is the conclusions and recommendations step in order to validate the conclusions from the experiment. Finally, comparison studies are performed using the different target values for a numerical example from the current literature. In addition, it was concluded that the proposed factorial design-based process optimization model could reduce more variance based on the specified target value.
Performance Analysis of Geosynthetic Reinforced Earth Wall by Analytical Experimental and Finite Element Methods
Authors: BALABAN Eren , SMEJDA Ales , ONUR Mehmet İnanç
Published: November 2020

Ease of construction and performance under earthquake loads causes interest in construction of reinforced earth walls worldwide. In this study, reinforced earth walls with sand and clay backfill at a height of 450 mm are constructed and tested under bridge abutment loading conditions. A finite element analysis is performed and results are compared with experiment results. In the parametric study made by conducting finite element method, effect of reinforcement stiffness and reinforcement density on the horizontal displacements along the retaining wall face, the maximum tensile force, total maximum tensile force, and slope stability are investigated.
Rijitleştirme Levhaları ile Güçlendirilmiş Silindirik Çelik Siloların Yapısal Davranışının İncelenmesi
Authors: EFE Mehmet Erkan , ÇELİK Devran
Published: November 2020

Silolar dışarıdan veya içeriden gelebilecek her türlü etkiye karşı doluluk oranlarına göre farklı reaksiyonlar gösterebilen ince kesitli narin yapılardır. Silo yapıları farklı depolama ihtiyaçları için farklı malzemeler ile farklı büyüklüklerde üretilebilmektedirler. Büyük çaplı silolarda yapı ağırlığının büyük kısmını depolanan materyal oluşturmaktadır. Taşıyıcı sistem ağırlığına kıyasla boyutları ile öne çıkmaktadır. Büyük çaplı silolarda boyutsal parametreler göz önüne alındığında dış etkenlerden başlıca rüzgâr gibi çevresel etkenler yapıya büyük bir yük etkilemektedir. Öte yandan, depolanan materyalin karakteristik özellikleri içsel etkiler üzerinde büyük bir etken durumundadır. Sıvı depolaması için başlıca sorun teşkil eden problemlerden bir tanesi, sıvı depolanmasında meydana gelebilecek dinamik bir yük olan çalkantı durumudur. Bu çalışma kapsamında silindirik, çelik sıvı depolama siloları sayısal ve deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Silo yüksekliğinin eşit tutulduğu üç farklı çap boyutunda aynı sıvı yüksekliği için oluşturulan farklı kombinasyonlarda rijitleştirme levhalara sahip on iki sayısal model oluşturulup statik yük koşulları altında sayısal analizleri yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiş olup levha etkinliklerinin kombinasyonlar arasında ve çap farklılıklarına göre değişimi yorumlanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda çalışmada dikkate alınan rijitleştirme levhalarının etkinliğinin silo çapı ile arasında boyutsal bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak silo çapı ile birlikte levha boyutlarının (boyut ve cidar kalınlılığı) da değiştirilmesinin yapı rijitliğine katkı sağlayacağı önerilmektedir.
Penggunaan SQ3R dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Cepat
Authors: Purwaningsih Sri
Published: November 2020

Belajar adalah proses yang aktif ketika siswa harus terlibat langsung dalam berbagai kegiatan pembelajaran sebagai respons terhadap stimulus guru. Stimulus yang diberikan guru tidak akan berarti tanpa adanya perhatian dan motivasi siswa. Menumbuhkan motivasi siswa dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode SQ3R. Oleh Karena itu, artikel ini akan memaparkan penggunaan SQ3R dalam meningkatkan pembelajaran membaca cepat. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah siswa kelas IX B. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan lembar observasi, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan deskriptif  kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kecepatan baca siswa pada siklus I yaitu 140 kpm dan rata-rata persentase pemahaman isi bacaan 54%, sedangkan pada siklus II, rata-rata kecepatan baca pada siklus II yaitu 175 kpm, rata-rata persentase pamahaman isi bacaan yaitu 90%. Berdasarkan itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa SQ3R mampu meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa.Kata kunci: SQ3R, KEM, membaca cepat Learning is an active process when students must be directly involved in various learning activities in response to teacher stimulus. The stimulus given by the teacher will not be meaningful without the attention and motivation of students. Growing student motivation can be done by applying the SQ3R method. Therefore, this article will explain the use of SQ3R in improving speed reading learning. Subjects in the study were students of class IX B. Data collection techniques used tests and observation sheets, while data analysis used descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The results showed the average reading speed of students in the first cycle was 140 kpm and the average percentage of reading content comprehension was 54%, whereas in the second cycle, the average reading speed in the second cycle was 175 kpm, the average percentage of reading content reading i.e. 90%. Based on that, it can be concluded that SQ3R can improve students' reading abilities.Keywords: SQ3R, KEM, speed reading
Penggunaan Huruf Kapital dan Tanda Baca dalam Teks Biografi
Authors: Komalasari Fatia
Published: November 2020

Artikel ini membahas penggunaan huruf kapital dan tanda baca dalam tulisan peserta didik pada teks autobiografi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian  ialah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data primer. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, masih banyak peserta didik yang melakukan kesalahan dalam penggunaan huruf kapital dan tanda baca. Kesalahan terbesar dalam penggunaan huruf kapital yaitu sebagai huruf pertama awal kalimat dengan persentase 56%. Sedangkan kesalahan terbesar dari penggunaan tanda baca yaitu dalam penggunaan tanda koma dengan persentase 50%. Penyebab utama timbulnya kesalahan tersebut karena keterbiasaan peserta didik dan kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai ejaan yang disempurnakan khusunya pada huruf kapital dan tanda baca.Kata kunci: huruf kapital, tanda baca, teks autobigrafiThis article discusses the use of capital letters and punctuation in students' writing in autobiographical texts. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method with primary data sources. Based on the results of the analysis, there are still many students who make mistakes in the use of capital letters and punctuation. The biggest mistake in using capital letters is as the first letter of the beginning of the sentence with a percentage of 56%. While the biggest mistake of using punctuation is in the use of commas with a percentage of 50%. The main cause of these errors is due to students' habits and lack of knowledge about enhanced spelling especially in capital letters and punctuation.Keywords: capital letters, punctuation, autobigraphic text
ANALISIS HUKUM PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI WISATA PANTAI JAYANTI CIANJUR TERHADAP KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN CIANJUR
Authors: Hasanudin Asep
Published: November 2020

This study aims to describe the form of policies, problems encountered, and efforts that must be developed by the Regional Government of Cianjur Regency in the Development of Jayanti Tourism Potential as a tourism asset. The method of approach used in this research is Normative Jurisprudence, namely by studying and reviewing the principles of law, especially positive legal principles derived from existing literature from legislation and provisions, especially relating to tourism. Tourism is a temporary and  short-term  transformation  of  people  towards  destinations  outside  the  place where they live and work. With the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 2009 Concerning Tourism and bearing in mind that Tourism is an inseparable part of national development, the tourism potential of the Jayanti coast really needs to be given more attention by local governments to be developed, in order to improve the economy of Cianjur regency to be more prosperous.Keywords: Development; Tourism; Jayanti Tourism Potential; Tourism Potential.
PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MEMBERIKAN DANA INSENTIF GUNA MENDUKUNG PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI KREATIF DAERAH
Authors: Kamilah Anita
Published: November 2020

With the enactment of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in early 2016, global markets between ASEAN regions are increasingly open and competition between countries is very tight in marketing their creative economy products or services. These conditions, spurred the Indonesian people including the Cianjur Regency Government to increase and take advantage of business opportunities through the development of a relative economy in order to increase regional economy. But the development of the creative economy is hampered in getting funding support. In connection with this, what is the background of the Cianjur regency government to develop creative economic policies and how government support in providing access to capital in developing the regional creative economy. In order to examine this problem, the method used is juridical normative approach, by studying the principles of law, especially positive legal rules that have a relationship with the problem that is the object  of research. Keywords: Creative Economy; Era of Globalization; Incentive Funds.
OPTIMALISASI PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP BERAS BERDASARKAN KONSEP KEDAULATAN PANGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Aridhayandi M. Rendi
Published: November 2020

As a staple food in Indonesia, the availability of rice are needed to continue until whenever. Because agriculture is still the source of livelihood of the majority of the workforce in Indonesia. Hence the presence of the government is necessary, governments can differentiate into central government and local governments. In UUD 1945 Pasal 18A ayat (1) mentions the relationship of authority between the central government and provincial government, counties, and cities, or between provinces and districts and cities, regulated by law with due regard to the specificity and diversity of the area. Regional autonomy is one manifestation of freedom for the regions to be involved in designing the activity of politics and government at the local level in order to strengthen the power of national government. Thus the role of local government is very important to the affairs of the availability of rice in the presence of local autonomy. The local government and regional autonomy can be free to design a territory in support of the central government towards food security.Undang-Undang No. 18 tahun 2012 tentang Pangan mentions the issue of food intended to achieve three things at once, namely food sovereignty, food self-sufficiency and food security. President Jokowi that: "Food security is distinct from food sovereignty. Food security is simply the availability of foodstuffs (logistics) in the warehouse and on the market irrespective of origin whether imported or locally produced. Food sovereignty means that we manufacture and market our own groceries, while surplus production is exported ". Here we can see that food sovereignty is significantly deeper than food security. thus, the optimization of local governments in order to achieve food sovereignty can be: 1. the agrarian reform (land protection by performing a spatial planning regulations); 2. the legal protection to farmers (by making regulations that aim the welfare of farmers); 3. the availability of seeds, fertilizers and tools supporting production; 4. Registering brands and geographical indications of agricultural products to the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Ministry of law and Human Rights Republic of Indonesia; 5. setting the price, product quality and market share of an agricultural product. Keywords: Food Security; Food Sovereignty; Rice; Regional Government.
Ecologically friendly production of copper powder and elimination of cupric ions from aqueous solutions using D-Glucose and ascorbic acid
Authors: Mahfouf Esma , Djerad Souad , Bouchareb Raouf
Published: November 2020

Copper(II) ions (Cu2+) in copper sulfate solutions (CuSO4) can be reduced with several carbohydrates to produce copper metal powder. In this study glucose was used as a reducing agent. The big challenge in this study was to find the optimum conditions for copper ions reduction because they were entwined with positive conditions for degradation and hydrolyses of sugar (D-glucose). For that reason, the impact of several parameters on these conditions was investigated in a series of experiments in this research study. The glucose concentration (0.2-1.6M), the temperature (30-70 °C), initial sodium hydroxide concentration (0.2-0.4M), the role of adding sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at different volumes (0.6-3 mL) and the addition of ascorbic acid at different doses (4-20 mL) were the considered key parameters that were studied in this research. The synthesis of copper was restricted due to organic acid build up and reactions of the degradation products and copper. Under optimum conditions using glucose as a reducing agent, maximum of 48% of copper ions were transformed to copper metal (Cu). By adding ascorbic acid at the end of the experiment process, reduction efficiency was 100% where total and complete copper reduction was achievable. Most of solid particles were analyzed and the characterization and nature of the produced solid was achieved by X-Ray Diffraction.
İskenderun Körfezindeki Mürekkep Balıklarının (Sepia officinalis L., 1758) Farklı Dokularında Ağır Metal Birikimi
Authors: DUYSAK Önder , UĞURLU Erkan
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada, İskenderun Körfezinden avlanan dişi ve erkek mürekkep balıklarının (Sepia officinalis L., 1758) manto, solungaç ve gonad dokularındaki ağır metal birikimleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada mürekkep balığı dokularında birikim gösteren metallerden Al ve Cu birikim düzeyleri Manto> Gonad> Solungaç; Fe birikimi Solungaç> Gonad> Manto, Mn ve Zn birikimleri ise Manto> Gonad> Solungaç şeklinde sıralanmıştır. Ayrıca tüm dokulardaki en fazla birikimin Cu, en az birikimin ise Mn olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Testing the efficiency of laser technology to destroy the rogue drones
Authors: Chaari Mohamed Zied , Al-Maadeed Somaya
Published: November 2020

A large body of research shows the increasing numbers of drones attacks despite RF jammer systems and other technologies. This incredible increase in drone attacks means that the existing solutions are not enough to stop it. The objective of the article is to present a study on the combination of a laser beam with an optical focusing system to create a new cannon to crush rogue drones. The experimental method relies on an innovative design incorporating a laser module and groups of optical lenses to focus the power in one point to carbonize any target. Specifically, it is the laser with an adjustable lens position from 477mm to 617mm to focus the laser beam on the desired distant object. We measured the necessary time to burnt acrylic plastic, wood, and hard carton from a distance of 55 metres. It was noticed that the laser efficiency is proportional to the laser power and time the cannon is turned on. Tests on the laser cannon revealed that laser burner technology can destroy illegal drones. However, it was found that the laser is affected by adverse weather conditions, such as fog, rain, and clouds. Apart from that, the frailty of this technique is connected with the stabilizing system requirements, energy, overheating, and the time needed to destroy an object. Regardless of the drawbacks of the technique, the laser is the only solution with high efficiency that can ruin or intercept autonomously programmed drones, as this cannot be achieved by the RF jammer or any other solutions. The procedure can be repeated with new changeables to achieve a postive result, specifically, the use CO2 laser tube with a high-efficiency chiller to increase the laser power.
Asociaciones Público-Privadas como solución a la necesidad de desarrollar infraestructura y servicios de calidad en Centro América
Authors: Ortiz Gustavo
Published: November 2020

Centro América presenta hoy un importante rezago en infraestructura. Se estima que los países de la región deberían por lo menos duplicar su inversión para mejorar la calidad de su infraestructura, pero la mayoría de los países presentan altos déficits fiscales lo cual sumado a la crisis generada por el COVID-19, hacen poco probable un aumento en la inversión pública en infraestructura en el mediano plazo. La experiencia y recursos financieros del sector privado ayudarían a cerrar esta brecha, pero para lograr involucrar al sector privado de una forma eficiente en el suministro de infraestructura y beneficiarse de la reactivación económica que generaría la misma, es necesario fortalecer los programas de Asociación Público-Privada (APP) de la región, para asegurar la estructuración de proyectos bajo las mejores prácticas de APP.
Criterios de Elegibilidad de los proyectos de Asociaciones Público Privada (APP)
Authors: Benavides Paola
Published: November 2020

Los proyectos de APP se presentan en América Latina como un mecanismo para el desarrollo de infraestructura y aumento de los niveles de servicio público a sus usuarios, sin embargo, lograr que las propuestas culminen en contratos de APP parece no estar al ritmo de las necesidades que se presentan para los Gobiernos, cada día la presión social por exigir a los Gobiernos resultados más oportunos es creciente y esto puede verse traducido en contratos débiles.
Improving Public Sector Management at Scale? Experimental Evidence on School Governance in India
Authors: Muralidharan Karthik , Singh Abhijeet
Published: November 2020

We present results from a large-scale experimental evaluation of an ambitious attempt to improve management quality in Indian schools (implemented in 1,774 randomly-selected schools). The intervention featured several global “best practices” including comprehensive assessments, detailed school ratings, and customized school improvement plans. It did not, however, change accountability or incentives. We find that the assessments were near-universally completed, and that the ratings were informative, but the intervention had no impact on either school functioning or student outcomes. Yet, the program was perceived to be successful and scaled up to cover over 600,000 schools nationally. We find using a matched-pair design that the scaled-up program continued to be ineffective at improving student learning in the state we study. We also conduct detailed qualitative interviews with frontline officials and find that the main impact of the program on the ground was to increase required reporting and paperwork. Our results illustrate how ostensibly well-designed programs, that appear effective based on administrative measures of compliance, may be ineffective in practice.
A Historical Method Approach to Teaching Kepler’s 2nd law
Authors: Lyra Wladimir
Published: November 2020

Kepler’s 2nd law, the law of the areas, is usually taught in passing, between the 1st and the 3rd laws, to be explained “later on” as a consequence of angular momentum conservation. The 1st and 3rd laws receive the bulk of attention; the 1st law because of the paradigm-shift significance in overhauling the previous circular models with epicycles of both Ptolemy and Copernicus, the 3rd because of its convenience to the standard curriculum in having a simple mathematical statement that allows for quantitative homework assignments and exams. In this work I advance a method for teaching the 2nd law that combines the paradigm-shift significance of the 1st and the mathematical proclivity of the 3rd. The approach is rooted in the historical method, indeed, placed in its historical context, Kepler’s 2nd is as revolutionary as the 1st: as the 1st law does away with the epicycle, the 2nd law does away with the equant. This way of teaching the 2nd law also formulates the “time=area” statement quantitatively, in the way of Kepler’s equation, M = E – e sin E, (relating mean anomaly M, eccentric anomaly E, and eccentricity e), where the left-hand side is time and the right-hand side is area. In doing so, it naturally paves the way to finishing the module with an active learning computational exercise, for instance, to calculate the timing and location of Mars’ next opposition. This method is partially based on Kepler’s original thought, and should thus best be applied to research-oriented students, such as junior and senior physics/astronomy undergraduates, or graduate students.
Тhe effect of cancer patients’ positioning accuracy during radiation therapy sessions using medical linear electron accelerators on the parameters of their individual 3D dose distribution
Authors: Piatkevich M. N. , Titovich E. V. , Belkov G. V.
Published: November 2020

Due to the rapid development and further improvement of radiation treatment technologies oncologists have an opportunity to precisely deliver individual dose distributions to the tumor, minimizing the doses obtained by critical organs and healthy structures. For the correct and successful application of these complex methods of radiation therapy, it was necessary to enforce the requirements for the technical and dosimetric parameters of the radiotherapy equipment. The purpose of the research is to determine the magnitude of the possible error for patients’ positioning during their radiotherapy treatments using medical linear accelerators by modeling the impact of the patient’s body on the treatment couch. To determine the values of a possible error, the authors have considered the design and characteristics of a typical treatment couch, developed a model of the “average” patient’s body (phantom), which allowed changing the load to the treatment couch with a step of 1 kg. The position parameters of treatment couches were determined for the main types of localization of radiation therapy for malignant tumors: head and neck tumors, breast tumors and pelvic tumors. Numerical values of the treatment coach deviations from prescribed horizontal position were experimentally established for a load from 40 to 180 kg for a treatment couch used at the N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus. Based on the obtained experimental data, the necessity to correct the patient's treatment conditions at the stage of treatment planning were confirmed in order to ensure the delivery accuracy of individual dose distributions as required by the radiation therapy protocols. Authors stated that an analysis of the dependence of the deviations in the dose delivered to the patients on the deviation of the radiotherapy table from its horizontal position should be carried out for each radiotherapy table used in clinical practice. The development and implementation of a mechanism that will allow considering this information when choosing the parameters of the patient’s treatment session and prescribing the dose for any localization of malignant neoplasms is needed.
Estudio comparativo de precisión diagnóstica preoperatoria y la confirmación laparoscópica de hernia hiatal
Authors: Braghetto Italo , Cuneo Nicole , Zamorano Marcelo , Rojas Jorge , Piñeres Amy , Figueroa-Giralt Manuel
Published: November 2020

Introducción: La hernia hiatal (HH) de tipo I por deslizamiento  es el tipo más frecuente, siendo difícil de definir objetivamente, por lo que el principal foco de controversia es su diagnóstico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es reportar los resultados respecto de la precisión diagnóstica del estudio preoperatorio y confirmarlo con el diagnóstico laparoscópico de este tipo de HH. Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo descriptivo de serie que incluyen pacientes con síntomas típicos de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesófagico los cuales se sometieron a estudio con esófago-gastro-duodenoscopía, estudio manométrico y radiológico de esófago, estómago y duodeno con bario. Se incluyen sólo los pacientes en los cuales la endoscopía revela la existencia de HH por deslizamiento < 5cm. Estos pacientes se sometieron a tratamiento quirúrgico  confirmándose o no la existencia de HH al momento de la exploración laparoscópica. Resultados: El valor predictivo positivo  y sensibilidad para manometría fue de un 51,2% y 70%, para la radiología 91,7% y 80,5% y para endoscopia  80,3% y 70,7% respectivamente. Conclusión: Para el diagnóstico confiable de HH antes del tratamiento, las tres investigaciones mencionadas deben ser obligatorias antes de la cirugía.
COLECISTECTOMÍA EXTENDIDA MINIMAMENTE INVASIVA EN PACIENTES CON CÁNCER DE VESÍCULA BILIAR. ARTICULO ORIGINAL
Authors: Losada Morales Hector Fabio , Silva Abarca Jorge Alberto , Troncoso Trujillo Andrés Ignacio , Sanhueza Vega Felipe Andrés , Rozas Vásquez María Francisca
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Describir resultados en términos de morbilidad y mortalidad de la colecistectomía extendida laparoscópica (CELap) en pacientes con cáncer de vesícula biliar (CVB) incidental.Materiales y método: Serie de casos de pacientes con CVB incidental sometidos a CELap en el Hospital Regional de Temuco entre diciembre 2017 y marzo 2019.Resultados: Incluimos 10 pacientes, con edad promedio de 59,2 ± 11 años, 90% de género femenino. Respecto a la invasión de pared de la vesícula biliar (TNM), 1 presentó invasión hasta mucosa (T1a) con invasión de senos de Rokitansky Aschoff y 9 hasta subserosa (T2). Dos tuvieron ganglio cístico positivo en biopsia inicial. Respecto a la CELap, el tiempo operatorio promedio fue 333 ± 40 minutos. El promedio de ganglios resecados fue 4 ± 2,78, presentando lecho hepático positivo en 1 paciente. La clasificación TNM obtenida: un paciente T1aN0M0, siete T2N0M0 y dos T2N1M0. La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue 5 ± 2,3 días. Siete pacientes recibieron posteriormente quimioterapia con gemcitabina + cisplatino. Hubo morbilidad en 2 pacientes, tipo I de Dindo-Clavien. No reportamos mortalidad. El seguimiento promedio fue 7,1 ± 5,1 meses, no reportamos recurrencia.Discusión: Esta serie presenta menor número de ganglios resecados que otros estudios (posiblemente por ser nuestra serie inicial) y mayor morbilidad, pero sólo tipo I de Dindo-Clavien. Presentamos una estancia hospitalaria similar a series internacionales y menor presencia de metástasis según reportan análisis retrospectivos.  Conclusión: La CELap es una opción terapéutica aceptable y presenta cifras de morbilidad y mortalidad comparables con series nacionales e internacionales.
Integrando Língua Inglesa e Educação Física
Authors: De Oliveira Joanne Romão , Cavalcante Letícia Barbosa da Silva , Alencar Beatriz Aparecida
Published: November 2020

A interdisciplinaridade tornou-se um assunto frequentemente discutido, sobretudo no âmbito do sistema federal de ensino, a Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica, pela proposta de currículo integrado. Este trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência de um projeto piloto de integração das disciplinas de Língua Inglesa e de Educação Física no curso Técnico Integrado em uma instituição federal de ensino, ciência e tecnologia, campus capital. Um estudo de caso das atividades desenvolvidas em conjunto pelos professores das áreas, durante o primeiro semestre de 2019 nos encontros de conversação do English Club (Clube de Inglês), atividade de ensino que é desenvolvida no campus desde 2017. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica, com intuito de verificar o conhecimento sobre a interdisciplinaridade, sua relevância e a possibilidade de planejamento de aula interdisciplinar, aos docentes que participaram do encontro, aplicou-se um questionário para investigar as suas percepções quanto à temática. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram vantagens no processo de aprendizagem, ressaltaram que a metodologia torna o processo mais significativo e proveitoso, despertando maior interesse por parte dos estudantes.
Sequência didática: o gênero oral argumentativo e o debate regrado
Authors: Ribeiro de Araújo Aleandra
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo versa o relato de experiência da prática docente realizada na Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental Domingos Perim, na turma de Ensino Fundamental 9º V01, localizada no município Venda Nova do Imigrante, estado do Espírito Santo. As aulas, no total de quatro, foram realizadas sequencialmente duas a duas. O tema abordado nas aulas foi o gênero oral argumentativo na modalidade debate regrado, que teve por ponto de reflexão a gravidez na adolescência. Os principais resultados encontrados indicaram que os professores devem apropriar-se das teorias referentes à aprendizagem, das normativas constantes nas políticas governamentais e dos livros didáticos que estão disponíveis para os auxiliar no dia a dia na sala de aula, para a elaboração de uma aula participativa e interativa. Constatou-se também que é imprescindível que o professor trabalhe em sala de aula interdisciplinarmente questões sociais relevantes, como a gravidez na adolescência, uma vez que se espera que a formação da sala de aula extrapole os muros escolares e signifique melhoria na qualidade de vida dos alunos e alunas, como também de toda a sociedade. As principais bases teóricas para tais conclusões foram Schneuwly & Dolz (2011), Cereja & Cochar (2018), como também as normativas da BNCC (2017).
Políticas linguísticas educacionais: o (não) lugar das tecnologias digitais no ensino/aprendizagem de línguas no ensino médio nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e na Base Nacional Comum Curricular
Authors: Santana Manoela Oliveira de Souza Santana
Published: November 2020

Política Linguística é uma área de investigação recente que cuida de ideias, leis, práticas voltadas à manutenção, mudança, ensino, entre outros aspectos, concernentes à língua. Nesse contexto, destacamos as políticas linguísticas educacionais que lidam com o ensino e o uso das línguas nos sistemas educativos. Para a discussão que nos interessa neste artigo, questionamos de que modo documentos curriculares do Ensino Médio, referentes à Língua Portuguesa e à Língua Inglesa, como materialização de políticas linguísticas educacionais, a exemplo das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais da Educação Básica para o Ensino Médio (DCNEM) e de uma versão para o Ensino Médio da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) publicada em 2018, têm assegurado um (não) lugar à efetividade do ensino-aprendizagem de línguas com tecnologias digitais. Por meio de um estudo qualitativo, comparativo, descritivo e reflexivo acerca desses documentos, vê-se que é premente na sociedade que as escolas integrem tecnologias digitais como potencializadoras do processo de aprendizagem. Durante a escolarização, no Ensino Médio, é possível empreender para que se tenha essa oportunidade na aprendizagem da língua materna e de uma segunda língua. Documentos curriculares nacionais podem contribuir para essa perspectiva, até mesmo com o propósito de fortalecer a intenção de outros documentos curriculares nacionais de possibilitar a inclusão dos sujeitos, na e pela língua, em contextos tecnológicos digitais.
Quixote nas aulas de língua espanhola - leituras invertidas: um relato de experiência.
Authors: Lima Ana Raquel de Sousa
Published: November 2020

Compreende-se que as recepções dos clássicos como possibilidade de aquisição de riquezas, as quais já mencionava Ítalo Calvino, podem ser percebidas através das diversas leituras e releituras realizadas em obras literárias. Com isso, vê-se a necessidade de recepcioná-las em sala de aula. Partindo dessa ponderação, esse trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre a recepção do clássico de Cervantes, Dom Quixote de la Mancha, pelos alunos do segundo ano do ensino técnico integrado ao médio do IFPI, uma vez que a obra ainda se apresenta como um texto literário desconhecido para uma parcela desse público. Para subsidiar esse trabalho, são utilizadas as reflexões de Lajolo (2001), Candido (2004) e Cosson (2012). Portanto, identificou-se que, embora a obra cervantina seja um clássico da literatura espanhola, ela ainda merece uma atenção especial nas aulas de espanhol do ensino médio. Para além disso, observou-se a necessidade de uma formação por parte do professor de língua espanhola para realizar estas atividades em sala de aula de maneira significativa e prazerosa.
Língua Brasileira de Sinais e cultura surda: práticas inclusivas em um Instituto Federal
Authors: Müller Janete Inês , Kist Karoline
Published: November 2020

Neste texto, objetiva-se analisar projetos de ensino e de extensão desenvolvidos em um Instituto Federal, os quais, através de estudos teóricos, práticas de uso da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) e conhecimento da cultura surda, possibilitam a comunicação com pessoas surdas, promovendo intercâmbios culturais. O discurso, como ferramenta analítica, dá condições para a análise de relatos coletados na etapa de finalização dos projetos. Em diálogo com teorizações do campo dos Estudos Culturais em Educação e dos Estudos Surdos, destaca-se a importância da aprendizagem de uma língua visuoespacial, de modalidade diferente das línguas orais, que, além de qualificar o domínio linguístico dos estudantes, dá condições para as práticas inclusivas escolares e sociais. Considerando os dados produzidos, propõe-se a inserção da língua de sinais (e da cultura surda) nos currículos de formação dos profissionais de nível técnico e tecnológico.