bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do we need a guideline in mesotherapy?
Authors: Mammucari Massimo
Published: February 2025

For many years mesotherapy has been interpreted as a valid therapy for all pathologies. Many doctors have learned mesotherapy passed down by word of mouth from one doctor to another. No one has ever examined the available data to define mesotherapy or delimit its advantages and limitations. This has also caused the suspension of mesotherapy in some countries for some aesthetic reasons. In other countries it has been interpreted as an ineffective technique.

The Italian Society of Mesotherapy created a scientific development plan to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of the mesotherapy technique. Clinical studies and reviews of available data have made it possible to understand the mechanism of action and areas of application. Over the decades, indications without scientific basis have been eliminated by the Italian Society of Mesotherapy and we have concentrated on pathologies with greater efficacy and safety.

Thanks to the scientific data, an international review process has begun to share the role of mesotherapy, its advantages, limitations and correct use in clinical practice with multidisciplinary experts from various countries around the world. Thirty recommendations were made that all experts approved and mesotherapy was redefined as a minimally invasive technique that consists of the introduction of small quantities of pharmaceutical substances with microdeposits into the superficial layer of the skin. Injected compounds diffuse slowly into underlying tissues and produce a drug-sparing effect compared to the parenteral route. Used correctly, this technique can be useful in some clinical indications.

Mesotherapy, known as intradermal therapy, has therefore become a technique used to inject a drug into the superficial layer of the skin which is now widespread throughout the world. Mesotherapy is successfully applied in the treatment of some forms of localized pain syndromes and other clinical conditions and can be suggested when a systemic drug-sparing effect is considered useful, when other therapies have failed (or cannot be used) and when mesotherapy can synergize with other pharmacological or non-pharmacological therapies. More studies are needed to understand the effectiveness of some compounds compared to others but if applied after a correct diagnosis and with the patient’s consent, mesotherapy is an effective therapeutic weapon. The Italian Society of Mesotherapy is now producing the first international guideline that will allow all countries to have an update and information to include mesotherapy in the care pathways of patients.
Collagen injectables for urinary incontinence
Authors: Jerzak Małgorzata
Published: February 2025

Urogynecological diseases, including pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI), significantly affect the quality of women’s life. The POP affects more than half of women over 50 years of age. The risk of UI depends on mechanisms resulting from three streams: ageing of the body, number of pregnancies and deliveries, as well as obesity. These are also possible points of potential interventions for prevention and treatment of urinary incontinence. Pregnancy affects the biomechanical properties of pelvic soft tissues. In addition, the loss of collagen in the ageing process is a natural process and collagen degradation is not compensated for by sufficient synthesis. Providing this protein from the outside may therefore slow down the degradation processes.

Assuming that tropocollagen I mesotherapy may be an alternative to surgical treatment of urinary incontinence, a pilot study was conducted in a group of 5 women with confirmed urinary incontinence. MD-Matrix and MD-Muscle collagens from Guna were used in the form of periurethral, transvaginal and suprapubic subcutaneous injections – mesotherapy. Four series of treatments were performed at 14–21 day intervals, using the preparations alternately, starting with MD-Matrix. According to the latest reports, improving the structure of the pelvic floor tissues may be a key strategy for the treatment of UI.

The preliminary results indicate that injectable tropocollagen may be effective in reducing the severity of urinary incontinence, and thus in improving the quality of life in women with already diagnosed UI, both in menopausal transition and after menopause.
Inovasi dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh: Pelajaran dari Pandemi dan Solusi untuk Masa Depan
Authors: Fuadaturrahmah Fuadaturrahmah , Sugiarto Dimas , Sitorus Delima Lestari br. , Girsang Diego Gunawan , Devira Devira , Sinaga Della Sri Trinita
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi tantangan dan peluang yang dihadapi dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh (daring) di tingkat SMA di Kota Medan selama pandemi COVID-19. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah menganalisis persepsi siswa dan guru mengenai efektivitas pembelajaran daring, faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi motivasi siswa, serta kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan melibatkan 150 siswa dan 30 guru dari lima SMA di Kota Medan. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuesioner yang diadaptasi untuk siswa dan guru, dengan mengukur variabel seperti akses teknologi, motivasi, serta kualitas pengajaran daring. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif dan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam mengakses materi pembelajaran akibat masalah jaringan dan perangkat, sementara mayoritas guru merasa perlu pelatihan lebih lanjut dalam penggunaan teknologi. Selain itu, ditemukan adanya hubungan signifikan antara motivasi siswa dan persepsi mereka terhadap pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini menyarankan pentingnya perbaikan infrastruktur teknologi dan peningkatan pelatihan guru untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran daring di masa depan.
Digitization of public financial management: Trends and applications in the scientific literature
Authors: Bernales-Vásquez Renán , Sánchez-Dávila Keller
Published: February 2025

The digitalization of public financial management has enhanced efficiency, transparency, and control in the administration of state resources. However, the scientific literature on this topic reveals gaps in the analysis of its trends and applications. In this context, the present study aimed to examine the scientific production on the digitalization of public financial management through a bibliometric analysis. To achieve this, 112 scientific articles retrieved from the Scopus database were analyzed. Bibliometric techniques were applied using the Biblioshiny tool to identify annual scientific output, key publication sources, the most productive institutions, and emerging trends in the literature. The results indicated a significant increase in scientific production since 2018, peaking in 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems was the most prolific source, while the Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod and the Rostov State University of Economics led institutional research output. The most frequently occurring keywords were e-government, finance, and digital transformation, reflecting a predominant focus on the technological modernization of the public financial sector. The study concludes that financial digitalization is a growing field, presenting opportunities for further research on its implementation and impact on public sector management.
La segunda convocatoria de la Unidad Productiva ampliada
Authors: F. J. I.
Published: February 2025

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 36, No. 395, 1981: 896-898.
"Mixed departmental control OF corruption in state bodies "
Authors:   "Law Enforcement  Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan", Safarov Temur
Published: February 2025

"The article is dedicated to the study of departmental mechanisms of a mixed form of corruption control, encompassing financial and non-financial instruments for detecting and preventing corrupt actions. The author emphasizes the importance of ethical requirements and conflict of interest management, drawing on international practices and the provisions of the UN Convention against Corruption. The study identified shortcomings in the current system, such as the lack of a unified Code of Ethics, insufficient legal regulation of the term “public servant,” and inadequate rules regarding the acceptance of gifts. The article provides examples of international approaches to addressing these issues, including “top-to-down” governance principles and specialized legislative acts. The scientific approach involves legal and sociological analysis, empirical research, and comparison of international practices. The author highlights the need for a systematic approach, which includes developing standards for public servants, fostering legal awareness and culture, and implementing internal control mechanisms. Ultimately, it is proposed to develop a unified Code of Ethics for public servants of the Republic of Uzbekistan to enhance the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures. The article presents a valuable study emphasizing the necessity of a comprehensive approach to combating corruption. However, the focus on the insufficient implementation of existing measures requires a more detailed analysis of the reasons for their inefficiency. The proposed recommendations, such as creating a Code of Ethics, appear practical, but their implementation will require significant effort and political will.
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EDUCAÇÃO E TECNOLOGIA: O PAPEL DO LETRAMENTO DIGITAL NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE COMPETÊNCIAS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL II
Authors: Freitas Eliene Barbosa do Nascimento de , Bueno Edinéia , Santos Queila Pereira , Araujo Claudia Lima de , Ribeiro Hellen Maura Lucidia , Coutinho Diógenes José Gusmão
Published: February 2025

A crescente digitalização da sociedade tem transformado significativamente os processos educacionais, exigindo que estudantes desenvolvam novas competências para atuar de maneira crítica e eficiente no ambiente digital. Nesse contexto, o letramento digital no Ensino Fundamental II torna-se fundamental para capacitar os alunos a utilizar as tecnologias de forma reflexiva e produtiva. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto do letramento digital no desenvolvimento de competências dos estudantes dessa etapa de ensino, bem como os desafios enfrentados para sua implementação eficaz nas escolas. A pesquisa foi conduzida por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, baseada em revisão bibliográfica, contemplando estudos de autores como Buckingham (2007), Kenski (2019), Moran (2018) e Prensky (2012), que discutem a relação entre tecnologia e educação. Os resultados evidenciam que o letramento digital não se limita à familiaridade com dispositivos eletrônicos, mas envolve habilidades essenciais, como pensamento crítico, navegação segura na internet e análise de informações em diferentes mídias. Além disso, foi identificado que o uso adequado das tecnologias digitais pode tornar a aprendizagem mais dinâmica e interativa, promovendo maior engajamento dos alunos no processo educativo. Contudo, a pesquisa também revelou desafios significativos, como a falta de infraestrutura tecnológica adequada em muitas escolas públicas, a desigualdade no acesso à internet e a necessidade de formação continuada dos professores para a aplicação eficaz das ferramentas digitais no ensino. De acordo com Santos e Almeida (2020), a ausência de políticas públicas que garantam equidade no acesso às tecnologias dificulta a implementação do letramento digital de maneira inclusiva, ampliando as desigualdades educacionais. Diante desse cenário, o estudo destaca a importância de investimentos em infraestrutura tecnológica, capacitação docente e desenvolvimento de metodologias pedagógicas inovadoras que integrem as tecnologias digitais ao currículo escolar de forma estratégica. Somente por meio de um planejamento educacional que contemple esses aspectos será possível garantir que todos os alunos tenham acesso às oportunidades proporcionadas pelo letramento digital, preparando-os para os desafios da era da informação. Assim, conclui-se que o letramento digital desempenha um papel crucial na formação de estudantes mais autônomos, críticos e preparados para interagir no mundo digital. No entanto, sua implementação efetiva ainda depende da superação de barreiras estruturais e pedagógicas. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para o debate sobre a necessidade de políticas públicas que incentivem a inclusão digital na educação básica, garantindo que todos os estudantes possam desenvolver as competências necessárias para o século XXI.
Multi-model assessment of the atmospheric and radiative effects of supersonic transport aircraft
Authors: van 't Hoff Jurriaan A. , Hauglustaine Didier , Pletzer Johannes , Skowron Agnieszka , Grewe Volker , Matthes Sigrun , Meuser Maximilian M. , Thor Robin N. , Dedoussi Irene C.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Commercial supersonic aircraft may return in the near future, offering reduced travel time while flying higher in the atmosphere than subsonic aircraft, thus displacing part of the passenger traffic and associated emissions to higher altitudes. For the first time since 2007, we present a comprehensive multi-model assessment of the atmospheric and radiative effect of this displacement. We use four models (EMAC, GEOS-Chem, LMDz–INCA, and MOZART-3) to evaluate three scenarios in which subsonic aviation is partially replaced with supersonic aircraft. Replacing 4 % of subsonic traffic with Mach 2 aircraft that have a NOx emissions index of 13.8 g (NO2) kg−1 leads to ozone column loss of −0.3 % (−0.9 DU; model range from −0.4 % to −0.1 %), and it increases radiative forcing by 19.1 mW m−2 (model range from 16.7 to 28.1). This forcing is driven by water vapor (18.2 mW m−2), ozone (11.4 mW m−2), and aerosol emissions (−10.5 mW m−2). The use of a Mach 2 concept with low-NOx emissions (4.6 g (NO2) kg−1) reduces the effect on forcing and ozone to 13.4 mW m−2 (model range from 2.4 to 23.4) and −0.1 % (−0.3 DU; model range from −0.2 % to +0.0 %), respectively. If a Mach 1.6 aircraft with a lower cruise altitude and NOx emissions of 4.6 g (NO2) kg−1 is used instead, we find a near-net-zero effect on the ozone column and an increase in the radiative forcing of 3.7 mW m−2 (model range from 0.5 to 7.1). The supersonic concepts have up to 185 % greater radiative effect per passenger kilometer from non-CO2 emissions compared to subsonic aviation (excluding contrail impacts).
Forecasting agricultural drought: the Australian Agriculture Drought Indicators
Authors: Schepen Andrew , Bolt Andrew , Bruget Dorine , Carter John , Gaydon Donald , Gupta Mihir , Hochman Zvi , Hughes Neal , Sharman Chris , Tan Peter , Taylor Peter
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Drought is a recurrent and significant driver of stress on agricultural enterprises in Australia. Historically, rainfall indices have been used to identify drought and inform government responses. However, rainfall indicators overlook important factors such as drought propagation and commodity prices. To address these shortcomings, AADI (Australian Agriculture Drought Indicators) was recently developed to monitor and forecast drought for upcoming seasons using biophysical and agro-economic models, including crop yields, pasture growth, and farm profit at ~ 5 km2 resolution. Here, we evaluate the skill of drought indicator forecasts driven by the ACCESS-S2 dynamical global climate model over a hindcast period from 1990–2018. Analysis of the AADI hindcasts finds that antecedent landscape conditions significantly enhance predictive skill for crop yields, pasture growth, and farm profit across a financial year. As lead time shortens from 12 to 3 months, forecast confidence increases: median farm profit indicator skill rises from 43 % at 12 months to 67 % and 73 % at 6 and 3 months, respectively, whilst median farm profit biases remain below 2 % across all lead times, with high reliability indicating a well-calibrated ensemble, making the forecasts highly suitable for risk management and decision-making. Forecasts for wheat, sorghum, and pasture are also skilful and reliable in ensemble spread, although residual biases can occur (e.g., up to 20 % for sorghum), which suggests further system refinements are needed. Analysis of historical events in both dry and wet conditions demonstrated the AADI system’s ability to identify drought-impacted areas with increased confidence up to 6 months earlier than rainfall deficits.
Decoupling the PBL Height, the Mixing Layer Height, and the Aerosol Layer Top in LiDAR Measurements over Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand
Authors: Macatangay Ronald , Sonkaew Thiranan , Bran Sherin Hassan , Thongsame Worapop , Supasri Titaporn , Panya Mana , Longmali Jeerasak , Solanki Raman , Thomson Ben Svasti , Haug Achim
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Accurate determination of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, mixing layer height (MLH), and aerosol layer top (ALT) is critical for air quality and climate studies, especially in regions with complex aerosol dynamics like Chiang Mai, northern Thailand. This study develops a novel LiDAR-based methodology that incorporates a temperature-based dynamic maximum analysis altitude (MAA) to decouple these layers, addressing the limitations of conventional methods such as the Haar Wavelet Covariance Transform (WCT). Traditional fixed-altitude approaches often misclassify the ALT as the PBL height, particularly during nighttime or transition periods, leading to significant overestimations. By dynamically adjusting the MAA based on surface temperature variations, the proposed approach effectively distinguishes the PBL from residual aerosol layers and cloud interference. Comparison against radiosonde data and WRF-Chem simulations demonstrates strong agreement, with LiDAR-derived PBL heights showing improved diurnal resolution and accuracy. However, model simulations tend to overestimate the PBL height during high aerosol events, highlighting the need for refined aerosol-radiation interaction parameterizations. This study underscores the importance of integrating thermodynamic and aerosol data for accurate boundary layer characterization and provides a robust framework for improving air quality and climate models in regions with high aerosol loading and complex topography. These findings have implications for enhancing pollutant transport analysis and advancing LiDAR-based remote sensing techniques in Southeast Asia.
Trace metal distributions in the transition zone from the Greenland Ice-Sheet to the surface water in Kangerlussuaq fjord (67 °N)
Authors: Vives Clara R. , Bendtsen Jørgen , Dahms Rasmus D. , Daugbjerg Niels , Larsen Kristina V. , Rosing Minik T.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Glacial rock flour (GRF), an ultra-fine sediment formed beneath glaciers, contains high concentrations of silicate and trace metals, including iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). In Greenland, meltwater discharge transports approximately 1.28 Gt of suspended sediments annually into the oceans, significantly influencing trace metal concentrations and marine biogeochemical cycles. This study investigates the spatial distribution of trace metals, nutrients and suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) from the Russell Glacier at the Greenland Ice Sheet, through the Akuliarusiarsuup Kuua meltwater, and into the Kangerlussuaq fjord in western Greenland. Dissolved trace metals were relatively high in the river and low-salinity surface waters in the fjord, showing that the fjord acts as an important source of  trace metals to the marine environment. However, trace metal concentrations, particularly Fe and zinc (Zn), exhibited significant non-linear decreases beyond salinity levels of 14, underscoring the complex processes affecting trace metal supply from rivers to fjords and coastal waters. In contrast, silicate concentrations increased in river water due to weathering of GRF and decreased gradually in the inner-fjord due to mixing with surface water. Uranium (U) and molybdenum (Mo) were undetectable along the river but increased in the fjord, indicating that these elements primarily originate from the ocean. These findings highlight the complex interplay of physical, chemical, and biological processes regulating trace metal and nutrient dynamics in glacier-influenced fjord systems, with implications for primary productivity and carbon cycling in polar oceans.
Revisit of the Fennoscandian Shield along the UPPLAND seismic profile: competitive velocity models
Authors: Janik Tomasz , Lahtinen Raimo , Bociarska Monika , Środa Piotr , Wójcik Dariusz
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The manuscript presents a comprehensive re-analysis of seismic data collected along the UPPLAND profile in the Fennoscandian Shield, focusing on the competitive velocity models for P-wave (Vp) and S-wave (Vs) velocities, as well as the Vp/Vs ratio. The initial data collection was conducted in 2017, and the first interpretation was published by Buntin et al. in 2021. This study reveals that while both the previous and current models exhibit similar velocities up to a depth of approximately 35 km, significant discrepancies arise in the lower crust and upper mantle velocities, as well as the depth of the Moho boundary. The preferred model indicates Vp values of approximately 7.05–7.17 km s-1 in the lower crust and 8.05 km s-1 in the upper mantle, contrasting with the earlier model's values of 7.25–7.4 km s-1 and 8.0–8.5 km s-1, respectively. The Moho depth varies between 43–50 km in the new model, compared to 45–52 km in the previous one. In addition, we present two, possibly overlapping, tectonic interpretations to explain the new model. The main crustal structure has formed during W-vergent crustal stacking at ca. 1.86 Ga, followed by N–S crustal shortening at 1.82–1.80 Ga. The bulging of the high-velocity upper mantle is either related to extension at 1.89–1.87 Ga in a continental back-arc or during extensional magmatism at 1.7/1.8 Ga. The findings highlight the complexities in determining lower crustal and upper mantle properties from ambiguous seismic data and suggest that the interpretations presented may require a more cautious approach, allowing for alternative explanations.
Revealing Seasonal Plasticity of Whole-Plant Hydraulic Properties Using Sap-Flow and Stem Water-Potential Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Zhechen , Guan Huade , Veneklaas Erik , Singha Kamini , Batelaan Okke
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Plant hydraulic properties are critical to predicting vegetation water use as part of land-atmosphere interactions and plant responses to drought. However, current measurements of plant hydraulic properties are labour-intensive, destructive, and difficult to scale up, consequently limiting the comprehensive characterization of whole-plant hydraulic properties and hydraulic parameterization in land-surface modelling. To address these challenges, we develop a method, a pumping-test analogue, using sap-flow and stem water-potential data to derive whole-plant hydraulic properties, namely maximum hydraulic conductance, effective capacitance, and Ψ50 (water potential at which 50 % loss of hydraulic conductivity occurs). Experimental trials on Allocasuarina verticillata indicate that the parameters derived over short periods (around 7 days) exhibit good representativity for predicting plant water use over at least one month. We applied this method to estimate near-continuous whole-plant hydraulic properties over one year, demonstrating its potential to supplement existing labour-intensive measurement approaches. The results reveal the seasonal plasticity of the effective plant hydraulic capacitance. They also confirm the seasonal plasticity of maximum hydraulic conductance and the hydraulic vulnerability curve, known in the plant physiology community while neglected in the hydrology and land-surface modelling community. It is found that the seasonal plasticity of hydraulic conductance is associated with climate variables, providing a way forward to represent seasonal plasticity in models. The relationship between derived maximum hydraulic conductance and Ψ50 also suggests a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety of the plant. Overall, the pumping-test analogue offers potential for better representation of plant hydraulics in hydrological modelling, benefitting land-management and land-surface process forecasting.
The Earth Science Box Modeling Toolkit (ESBMTK 0.14.0.11): a Python library for research and teaching
Authors: Wortmann Ulrich G. , Tsan Tina , Niazi Mahrukh , Ma Irene A. , Navasardyan Ruben , Marun Magnus-Roland , Chede Bernardo S. , Zhong Jingwen , Wolfe Morgan
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The Earth Science Box Modeling Toolkit (ESBMTK) is a Python library that streamlines the creation and analysis of box models in earth sciences. With its modular, object-oriented design, ESBMTK simplifies the study of systems such as the long-term carbon cycle or the impact of atmospheric CO2 variations on ocean chemistry. By standardizing and clarifying how models are defined, the library enhances code readability and serves as a self-documenting tool, making it approachable for undergraduate students and efficient for researchers. ESBMTK automatically translates user-defined models into equations which are solved using established numerical libraries. It also includes built-in functionality for common tasks such as ocean–atmosphere gas exchange, marine carbonate chemistry, isotope effects, and perturbation scenarios. The library's core interface is stable, supported by comprehensive documentation, and available as open-source software through the pip and conda package management systems.
Quaternary surface ruptures of the inherited mature Yangsan Fault: implications for intraplate earthquakes in southeastern Korea
Authors: Ha Sangmin , Kang Hee-Cheol , Lee Seongjun , Seong Yeong Bae , Choi Jeong-Heon , Kim Seok-Jin , Son Moon
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Earthquake prediction in intraplate regions, such as the Korean Peninsula, is challenging due to the complexity of fault distributions. This study employed diverse methods and data sources to investigate Quaternary surface rupturing along the Yangsan Fault, aiming to understand its long-term earthquake behavior. Paleoseismic data from the Byeokgye section (7.6 km) of the Yangsan Fault are analyzed to provide insights into earthquake parameters (i.e., timing, displacement, and recurrence intervals) as well as structural patterns. Observations from five trench sites indicate at least six faulting events during the Quaternary, with the most recent surface rupturing occurring approximately 3000 years ago. These events resulted in a cumulative horizontal displacement of 76 m and a maximum estimated magnitude of Mw 6.7–7.1. The average slip rate of 0.13 ± 0.1 mm yr−1 suggests a quasi-periodic model with possible recurrence intervals exceeding 13 000 years. Structural patterns indicate the reactivation of a pre-existing fault core with top-to-the-west geometry, causing a dextral slip with a minor reverse component. This study underscores the several surface ruptures with large earthquakes along the inherited mature Yangsan Fault, since at least the Early Pleistocene, offering critical insights for seismic hazard and a broader understanding of intraplate earthquake dynamics, enhancing earthquake prediction efforts.
Determining the ideal length of wind speed series for wind speed distribution and resource assessment
Authors: Zhou Lihong , Esau Igor
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Accurate wind resource assessment depends on wind speed data that capture local wind conditions, crucial for energy estimates and site selection. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) recommends at least one year of data collection, yet this duration may not fully account for interannual variability. While studies often maximize data length, guidance on the minimum duration required for reliable wind speed and power estimates remains limited. To address this gap, we propose a method to quantify the errors introduced by using wind speed series of different lengths for wind speed distributions fitting, relative to long-term data. This allows us to determine the minimum number of hourly observations needed to for a given accuracy level. We apply our method to in-situ weather station observations and ERA5 reanalysis data at 10-meter and 100-meter heights. Our results show that key parameters, including mean, standard deviation, and Weibull parameters, stabilize with relatively short records (~1 month of hourly data), whereas skewness requires at least 1.6 years, and kurtosis requires 88.6 years to stabilize. ERA5 data stabilize with fewer observations but differ from in-situ measurements, requiring careful use. Moreover, combining available hourly data for distribution fitting produces parameters comparable to those obtained when controlling for diurnal and seasonal effects, suggesting discontinuous data can be viable under certain conditions. These findings offer a practical framework for optimizing data collection in wind resource assessments, balancing accuracy and cost-effectiveness.
Un paseo por la fotografía colonial estadounidense y su visión de la mujer negra puertorriqueña
Authors: Puig-Samper Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2025

El nuevo sistema político ensayado por Estados Unidos a finales del siglo XIX en varias antiguas colonias españolas establece un orden político a partir de unos planteamientos colonialistas que, en parte, se basaron en ideas y argumentos binarios sobre los conceptos de civilización versus salvajismo, y civilización versus barbarie. Una novedad en la forma de actuar fue el uso de la fotografía como elemento de propaganda de la misión civilizadora que amplió el radio de acción del mensaje, además de revestirlo de cierta objetividad y cientifismo. En la representación fotográfica hay que destacar la imagen de la mujer puertorriqueña, casi siempre racializada en la mirada estadounidense: trabajadoras mulatas o negras en el café y el tabaco, sombrereras, lavanderas negras, campesinas negras y pobres, en algunos casos mezcladas con población de origen indígena, nanas afrodescendientes de niños blancos, la mujer negra enferma, etc. El contraste con la mujer blanca se presenta en esta fotografía colonial con la mujer estadounidense recién llegada, en tanto que la americanización posible se realiza a través de fotografías de la nueva escuela. Estados Unidos aparece como la potencia salvadora de la isla-mujer que es la isla de Puerto Rico y de su población, representada por los niños negros que anhelan la llegada de los nuevos colonizadores.
Sztuczna inteligencja a współczesne dziennikarstwo. Szanse i zagrożenia dla czwartej władzy na przykładzie automatyzacji serwisu informacyjnego MSN (cz. 2)
Authors: Kwaczyńska Kinga
Published: February 2025

The publication is a continuation of research in the area of ​​the relationship between artificial intelligence and journalism. The article refers to the following issues: ChatGTP, journalism 2.0, specificity of AI operation. The text is part of a larger research project on the relationship between artificial intelligence and contemporary journalism.
Rozwaga czy egoizm? – Ogólnopolski protest rolników na łamach „Rzeczpospolitej” i „Gazety Wyborczej”
Authors: Majtas Karolina
Published: February 2025

The aim of the article is to illustrate the image of protesters, authorities and European Union regulations in the Polish opinion dailies Rzeczpospolita and Gazeta Wyborcza in the context of the nationwide farmers’ protest. The research used the content analysis method. The publication increases the cognitive value in the area of research on political communication.
Dyrektywy sędziowskiej oceny materiału dowodowego w sprawie o nieważność małżeństwa. Glosa do wyroku Roty Rzymskiej c. Salvatori z dnia 6 lipca 2012 r.
Authors: Młynarczyk Ks. Adam
Published: February 2025

This scientific paper is a commentary on a negative sentence of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota about nullity of marriage which supposed to be caused by an exclusion of bonum prolis and bonum sacramenti by a petitioner. The structure of the sentence is unusual because argumentation produced “in iure” contains only few short phrases regarding matrimonial consent as an efficient cause of marriage and totally does not concern the content of expressions “good of offspring” and “good of the Sacrament”. However, the Judge has profoundly analysed the directives of the evaluation of evidence. The section of the sentence, which refers to a factual state, is an outstanding example of a reliable analysis of declarations of the parties and testimonies of witnesses and compares them to all other circumstances of the case. They are aimed at reconstruction of the factual state, as accurately as possible, in order to receive moral certitude which is crucial to pass a sentence.
Związek gier komputerowych i literatury na podstawie zbioru opowiadań Marcina Przybyłka „Gamedec” i jego adaptacji
Authors: Kańduła Natalia
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes a video game adaptation of literaturę, using Marcin Przybyłek’s short story collection “Gamedec” as an example. The author notes the usefulness of an interdisciplinary approach that combines literature and game theory, highlighting the differences between traditional literary adaptation and the specifics of video game adaption, emphasizing the unique features of interactivity and immersion. The example of the game “Gamedec” shows how the world presented in literature can be enriched by game mechanics, allowing players to actively participate in shaping the plot. The work also focuses on the concepts of allotopy and virtual realism. The aim of the article is to emphasize the role of game poetics in the analysis of literary adaptations.
Corporate ESG Performance, Digitalization, and Human Capital Investment Efficiency: An Empirical Evidence from Chinese Firms
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam , Bashir Furrukh , Rehman Muhammad Atiq ur , Hassan Muhammad
Published: February 2025

This study explores the effect of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and digitalization on human capital investment (HCI) efficiency in Chinese firms. Using data from 319 A-share market-listed Chinese firms for the period 2019-2023, the panel least square approach is used for the estimation. The empirical results show that ESG performance, alongside digitalization, company size, and stock prices, positively influences HCI efficiency in Chinese enterprises. Furthermore, the interaction between ESG performance and digitalization acts as a catalyst in the ESG-human capital relationship by enhancing labor training opportunities and skills driving technological advancements in corporate operations. The relationship between ESG performance and digitalization is multifaceted and dynamic; digitalization can improve ESG performance, while strong ESG performance supports digitalization. Together, these factors synergistically enhance HCI efficiency.
وفورات الحجم ومدى تحققها في مكتبة الملك سلمان المركزية بجامعة الملك سعود (دراسة حالة)
Authors:   عضو هيئة التدريس بقسم علم المعلومات، جامعة الملك سعود، المملكة العربية السعودية، وقسم المكتبات والوثائق والمعلومات، جامعة أسيوط، جمهورية مصر العربية, عبدالعال أيمن
Published: February 2025

ناقشت الدراسة موضوع وفورات الحجم. ومفادها أن المؤسسات كبيرة الحجم انتاجياً، يمكنها أن تحقق خفضاً ملموساً في تكاليف هذا الإنتاج، بما تمتلكه من تكاليف ثابتة، وتمويل ودعم حكومي، وبنية تقنية متطورة، وموظفين أكفاء، الخ. وقد هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن مدى تحقق هذه الوفورات في مكتبة الملك سلمان المركزية، جامعة الملك سعود، باستخدام مجموعات المكتبة والدوريات كمخرجات، وتكاليف اقتنائها كمدخلات، متبعاً الأسلوب الكمي بتطبيق دالتي مرونة التكاليف EC، ومؤشر الرقم القياسي لوفورات الحجم SEI في تحليل البيانات المستمدة من تقارير عمادة شؤون المكتبات بالجامعة للأعوام من 2018-2022م. ومن أهم ما نتائج الدراسة: تحقق وفورات الحجم في المكتبة موضع الدراسة، باستخدام مجموعات الكتب كمقياس للمخرجات؛ حيث كانت مرونة التكاليف أقل من الواحد الصحيح، مما يعني تناقص تكاليف اقتناء مجموعات الكتب وشرائها، بزيادة حجم هذه المجموعات في المكتبة. كما كان مؤشر الرقم القياسي لوفورات الحجم SEI موجباً. كما أظهرت النتائج كذلك تحقق وفورات الحجم باستخدام مجموعات الدوريات لقياس المخرجات. كما سجلت مرونة التكاليف صفراً عام 2021م، في إشارة إلى ثبات التكاليف ولم تتغير بتغير مستوى اقتناء الدوريات، زيادة أو انخفاضاً. وعلى الرغم من ذلك كانت النتيجة أقل من الواحد الصحيح، وكان مؤشر الرقم القياسي موجباً، أي تحققت وفورات الحجم في المكتبة. في ضوء ما توصلت له الدراسة من نتائج يوصي الباحث بإجراء تحليل وفورات الحجم بصفة دورية، للتأكد من كفاءة التكلفة في المكتبات بكافة أنواعها، وتخصيص وحدة بالمكتبة، مهمتها إجراء الدراسات التحليلية لعائدات التكلفة مقابل المخرجات، وكذلك في حال أظهرت الدراسات عدم وجود وفورات الحجم في مكتبة ما، فلابد من بحث الأسباب بدقة، واتخاذ قرار بدمج بعض المكتبات، وإعادة توزيع الموارد، وتوزيع الموظفين وفقاً للتخصص، وتحفيزهم بتحسين التمكين والعمل الجماعي وتفويض اتخاذ القرارات، بمعنى تنمية انتمائهم للمكتبة، وأخيراً استخدام التكنولوجيا المتكاملة.
دور التخطيط الاستراتيجي في تحسين الأداء المؤسسي (دراسة ميدانية على مجموعة من الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة في المملكة العربية السعودية)
Authors:   دكتوراه في إدارة الأعمال، كلية إدارة الأعمال، جامعة لينكولن، ماليزيا, الغنايم عبدالله , غوش ابهيجيت ,   دكتوراه في إدارة الأعمال، كلية إدارة الأعمال، جامعة لينكولن، ماليزيا, شمسي محمد ,   دكتوراه في إدارة الأعمال، جامعة بورغوني، ديجون، فرنسا
Published: February 2025

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور التخطيط الاستراتيجي في تحسين الأداء المؤسسي داخل الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة في المملكة العربية السعودية، حيث تم إجراء الدراسة الحالية خلال العام الأكاديمي (2024/2025م)، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وعلى الاستبيان كأداة لجمع البيانات الأولية اللازمة للدراسة. تكون مجتمع الدراسة من (22) شركة صغيرة ومتوسطة تعمل جميعها في مدينة الرياض، وقد راعى الباحث التوزيع الجغرافي لهذه الشركات لضمان تمثيل كامل مجتمع الدراسة. تم حصر مجتمع الدراسة كاملا والذي بلغ (431) فردا، حيث لجأ الباحث إلى استخدام طريقة العينة العشوائية البسيطة لحصر عينة الدراسة والتي بلغ عددها (193) مبحوثا. تم توزيع الاستبيان على كامل عينة الدراسة، حيث تم استرداد (182) استبانة، وبعد فحص الاستبانات، تم استبعاد (14) استبانة منها لعدم صلاحيتها للتحليل وبهذا يكون عدد الاستبانات الصالحة للتحليل (168) استبانة، وهو ما يمثل (92.30%) من إجمالي عدد الاستبانات المستردة، وتم تحليلها بالاعتماد على برنامج التحليل الاحصائي (SPSS). توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: وجود أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية للتخطيط الإستراتيجي (الرؤية الاستراتيجية، الرسالة الاستراتيجية، الأهداف الاستراتيجية)، في تحسين الأداء المؤسسي (كفاءة الأداء، فاعلية الأداء، تميز الأداء)، داخل مجموعة الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة المستهدفة في المملكة العربية السعودية عند مستوى دلالة معنوية (α≤0.05). أوصت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات أهمها: تعزيز الدور الإستراتيجي للقيادات داخل المنظمة، وتكريس ثقافة التخطيط الاستراتيجي بحيث تصبح جزء لا يتجزأ من ثقافة المنظمة والعاملين فيها. والمحافظة على دعم الإدارة العليا لضمان نجاح تطبيق التخطيط الاستراتيجي، وإعداد أدلة التخطيط الاستراتيجي لتكون مرجع داخل المنظمة.
مهارات النحو الوظيفي اللازمة لطلاب المرحلة الثانوية في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors:   ماجستير مناهج اللغة العربية وتدريسها، جامعة جدة، المملكة العربية السعودية, سبيدار محمد
Published: February 2025

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد مهارات النحو الوظيفي اللازمة في المرحلة الثانوية في المملكة العربية السعودية، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف اعتمد الباحث على المنهج الوصفي المسحي، وتكونت عينة الدراسة، من خمسة محكمين مختصين في مناهج اللغة العربية وتدريسها من أساتذة الجامعات في المملكة العربية السعودية، وتستمد الدراسة أهميتها من أهمية اللغة العربية باعتبارها لغة القرآن، كما تنبع أهمية الدراسة إلى تحديد المهارات النحوية الوظيفية، ولما لهذه المهارات من أهمية ودور كبير في مجال تطبيق مهارات اللغة العربية الأساسية، وإثراء الفكر التربوي بما يتسق مع تطوير تعليم اللغة العربية الذي يعتمد على مهارات النحو الوظيفية، وتزود العديد من الأطراف من معلمين ومشرفين ومخططين بالمعلومات والحقائق الخاصة بمهارات النحو الوظيفي اللازمة لطلاب المرحلة الثانوية حيث يساعدهم ذلك في علاج العديد من المشكلات اللغوية. وقام الباحث بإعداد قائمة مهارات النحو الوظيفي في المرحلة الثانوية وطبق هذا البحث خلال العام 2024م، وأسفرت نتائج الدراسة إلى توصل الباحثين إلى قائمة مهارات النحو الوظيفي اللازمة في المرحلة الثانوية في المملكة العربية السعودية، التي اشتملت على ستة محاور رئيسة، المحور الأول التذكر، والمحور الثاني الفهم، والمحور الثالث التطبيق، والمحور الرابع التحليل، والمحور الخامس التركيب، والمحور السادس التقويم، واندرج تحت هذه المحاور (30) مهارة، فضم المحور الأول أربع مهارات، والمحور الثاني خمس مهارات، والمحور الثالث سبع مهارات، والمحور الرابع أربع مهارات، والمحور الخامس ست مهارات، والمحور السادس أربع مهارات. ولتحليل البيانات استخدم الباحث الأساليب الإحصائية الوصفية والاستدلالية الملائمة، واستناداً إلى نتائج الدراسة، أوصى الباحث بضرورة الاهتمام بتطوير طرق تدريس النحو في ضوء المداخل التعليمية الجديدة ومنها المدخل الوظيفي، وأيضاً ضرورة توظيف هذه المهارات أثناء تدريس النحو في المرحلة الثانوية.
Simultaneous Method Development and Validation of Esomeprazole and Itopride in Bulk and Dosage Forms by RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Devi Barla Karuna , Naraparaju Swathi , Chaganti Sowjanya , Nikitha Nikitha
Published: February 2025

The study's primary goal was to create and validate an RP-HPLC method for determining the pharmaceutical dose form and bulk levels of esomeprazole (ESO) and itopride (ITO). The linearity data was obtained in the concentration range of 12µg/mL to 28µg/mL for esomeprazole and 45µg/mL to 105µg/mL foritopride. Trails were conducted to optimize various parameters such as wave length, column, mobile phase ratio etc. The optimized parameters were ODS C18 Inertsil 250 x 4.6mm, buffer: methanol: acetonitrile (ACN)(30:40:30) v/v/v. Optimal detector response for the drugs was achieved at a detection wavelength of 215nm, and the developed methods were verified for specificity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, robustness, and ruggedness. All parameters met the specification limits as outlined in the ICH guidelines. From linearity response of Esomeprazole and Itopride R2 was calculated as 0.9974 and 0.9981. Esomeprazole and Itopride had retention times (RT) of 4.4min and 2.5min respectively. The developed method can be employed for quality control checks for the pharmaceutical dosage forms.
A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method Development for Leflunomide Analysis and Validation
Authors: Sawant Siddhant M. , Burange Prashant J. , Amale Maithili P. , Chaudhary Pankaj H. , Bahurupi Adnya D.
Published: February 2025

In this study, we developed and validated a rapid and precise RP-HPLC method to quantify leflunomide in bulk and tablet dosage forms. The analysis was performed using an Inertsil-ODS C18 column (250x4.6mm, 5μm) with a mobile phase composed of 95:5 methanol/water at a flow rate of 1mL/min. Leflunomide demonstrated a linear range between 20-70μg/ml with a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.995). Adhering to ICH guidelines, the method was designed to be accurate, precise, sensitive, selective, repeatable, and robust. The validation parameters included system suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitation limit, robustness, and stability. The results indicated excellent accuracy and precision, with recoveries close to 100% and relative standard deviations well within acceptable limits. The method's sensitivity allowed for reliable detection and quantification at low concentrations, making it ideal for routine quality control. Additionally, robustness studies confirmed the method's reliability despite minor changes in experimental conditions. This HPLC method is both efficient and cost-effective, enabling faster analysis while maintaining high quality. The validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of leflunomide in pharmaceutical formulations, proving its suitability for routine use in quality control laboratories. Overall, this method offers a comprehensive solution for accurately estimating leflunomide in various dosage forms.
Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Paracetamol and Flupirtine Maleat
Authors: Durga Anumolu Panikumar , Afreen Syed Sara , Gorja Ashok , Jarpula Devilal , Shakar Pulusu Veera , Nalluri Rahul
Published: February 2025

The simultaneous quantification of paracetamol (PAR) and flupirtine maleate (FLU) was accomplished with a precise and accurate stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method. This method used an ACE C18 (250 × 4.6mm, 5µ) column and a mobile phase made of methanol: phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 (40: 60, v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 1.0mL min-1. Quantification was accomplished using photodiode array (PDA) detection at 250nm. It was discovered that the retention periods for PAR and FLU were, respectively, 3.09 and 4.54 minutes. For PAR and FLU, linearity was confirmed in the range of 32.5 - 95.7µg mL-1 and 10 - 30µg mL-1, respectively. Both medications underwent oxidation, neutral hydrolysis, acid-alkali, and dry heat degradation; the stressed samples. At their Rt values, the degraded peaks showed a considerable divergence from the analyte peak that could be well resolved. Method validation followed ICH norms. It was discovered that the planned and verified stability-indicating HPLC approach was straightforward, sensitive, and repeatable for the measurement of the medications under study and the byproducts of their degradation in bulk and commercial goods.
Comprehensive Development and Validation of a High-Performance
RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Levocetirizine
Authors: Patil Divyashree Kantilal , Mahale Devendra , Rajendra Divyani , Dhankani Amitkumar R. , Dhankani Mansi A , Pawar S. P.
Published: February 2025

The abstract discusses the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of Levocetirizine hydrochloride (HCl) in a tablet formulation and its validation. This effectiveness in treating allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria, Levocetirizine HCl, for its strong affinity to H1 receptors, entails accurate methods for identification and isolation. The RP-HPLC method was fine-tuned with a retention time of 3.87, a resolution of 1.34, and a plate count of 7125 to give sharp peaks and promising chromatographic separations. Validation was done in accordance with ICH guidelines using relevant methods like specificity, linearity (high correlation coefficient of 0.99997 across a concentration range of 2.0–30.0 μg/mL), accuracy (recovery), precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), limits of detection (LOD), and limits of quantification (LOQ). Among other data calculations from analyzing really circulating tablets, which confirmed the reliability of the methodology, the percent of the inactive substance in tablets in the test was close to what was expected. High rigidity and consistency are the factors that place the methodology in empirical QA labs for pharmaceutical quality control, even though the application of the method may differ from product to product. The technique naturally requires adherence to the standards, and this is its merit for the formulation of pharmaceutical formulations. Over and above, the RP-HPLC method is a selective, accurate, and reliable way of testing Levocetirizine HCl strength. This is a basic need for the product to be really potent and safe for the human body.