bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mitochondria-targeted Kaempferol nanoparticle ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wen E , Cao Yi , He Shiwen , Zhang Yuezhou , You Lanlan , Wang Tingqiu , Wang Zhigang , He Jun , Feng Yi
Published: April 2024

Kaempferol (KA), an natural antioxidant of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is extensively used as the primary treatment for inflammatory digestive diseases with impaired redox homeostasis. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was exacerbated by mitochondrial dysfunction and abundant ROS, which highlights the role of antioxidants in targeting mitochondrial function. However, low bioavailability and high dosage of KA leading to unavoidable side effects limits clinical transformation. The mechanisms of KA with poor bioavailability largely unexplored, hindering development of the efficient strategies to maximizing the medicinal effects of KA. Here, we engineered a novel thioketals (TK)-modified based on DSPE-PEG2000 liposomal codelivery system for improving bioavailability and avoiding side effects (denotes as DSPE-TK-PEG2000-KA, DTM@KA NPs). We demonstrated that the liposome exerts profound impacts on damaging intracellular redox homeostasis by reducing GSH depletion and activating Nrf2, which synergizes with KA to reinforce the inhibition of inadequate fission, excessive mitochondrial fusion and impaired mitophagy resulting in inflammation and apoptosis; and then, the restored mitochondrial homeostasis strengthens ATP supply for PAC renovation and homeostasis. Interestingly, TK bond was proved as the main functional structure to improve the above efficacy of KA compared with the absence of TK bond. Most importantly, DTM@KA NPs obviously suppresses PAC death with negligible side effects in vitro and vivo. Mechanismly, DTM@KA NPs facilitated STAT6-regulated mitochondrial precursor proteins transport via interacting with TOM20 to further promote Drp1-dependent fission and Pink1/Parkin-regulated mitophagy with enhanced lysosomal degradation for removing damaged mitochondria in PAC and then reduce inflammation and apoptosis. Generally, DTM@KA NPs synergistically improved mitochondrial homeostasis, redox homeostasis, energy metabolism and inflammation response via regulating TOM20-STAT6-Drp1 signaling and promoting mitophagy in SAP. Consequently, such a TCM’s active ingredients-based nanomedicine strategy is be expected to be an innovative approach for SAP therapy.

Graphical Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ameliorates cognitive deficits in mice with radiation-induced brain injury by attenuating microglial pyroptosis and promoting neurogenesis via BDNF pathway
Authors: Qin Tongzhou , Guo Ling , Wang Xing , Zhou Guiqiang , Liu Liyuan , Zhang Zhaowen , Ding Guirong
Published: April 2024

Background

Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a common and severe complication during radiotherapy for head and neck tumor. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a novel and non-invasive method of brain stimulation, which has been applied in various neurological diseases. rTMS has been proved to be effective for treatment of RIBI, while its mechanisms have not been well understood.

Methods

RIBI mouse model was established by cranial irradiation, K252a was daily injected intraperitoneally to block BDNF pathway. Immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed to examine the microglial pyroptosis and hippocampal neurogenesis. Behavioral tests were used to assess the cognitive function and emotionality of mice. Golgi staining was applied to observe the structure of dendritic spine in hippocampus.

Results

rTMS significantly promoted hippocampal neurogenesis and mitigated neuroinflammation, with ameliorating pyroptosis in microglia, as well as downregulation of the protein expression level of NLRP3 inflammasome and key pyroptosis factor Gasdermin D (GSDMD). BDNF signaling pathway might be involved in it. After blocking BDNF pathway by K252a, a specific BDNF pathway inhibitor, the neuroprotective effect of rTMS was markedly reversed. Evaluated by behavioral tests, the cognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior were found aggravated with the comparison of mice in rTMS intervention group. Moreover, the level of hippocampal neurogenesis was found to be attenuated, the pyroptosis of microglia as well as the levels of GSDMD, NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β were upregulated.

Conclusion

Our study indicated that rTMS notably ameliorated RIBI-induced cognitive disorders, by mitigating pyroptosis in microglia and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis via mediating BDNF pathway.
Healthcare providers’ perceived barriers to providing breastfeeding support in Northwest rural China
Authors: Wu Jiao-jiao , Zhang Qing-ning , Liao Su-su , Li Jiang-hong , Zhang Jian-duan , Huang Jing-zhi
Published: April 2024

Background

Healthcare providers play important roles in supporting breastfeeding. Although there has been insufficient actual breastfeeding support from healthcare providers in China, little research has been conducted to understand Chinese healthcare providers’ perceived barriers to providing breastfeeding support, especially in rural China. This study aims to identify these perceived barriers to providing breastfeeding support in Northwestern rural China.

Methods

This study was conducted during the period from March 2018 to December 2018. Forty-one healthcare providers were recruited through purposive sampling in two rural counties in Northwest China that are in close proximity to each other and share similar demographic features. Participants included obstetrician-gynecologists, midwives, nurses, “village doctors”, and township and village maternal and child health workers. Qualitative data were collected through one-on-one in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Transcripts were thematically analyzed.

Results

Analysis of interview data resulted in four themes that the participants perceived as barriers to supporting breastfeeding: (1) lack of medical resources, within which inadequate staffing, and lack of financial incentives were discussed, (2) lack of clear and specific responsibility assignment, within which no one takes the lead, and mutual buck-passing were discussed, (3) healthcare providers’ lack of relevant expertise, within which lack of knowledge and skills, and low prestige of village healthcare providers were discussed, (4) difficulties in accessing mothers, within which medical equipment shortages reduce services utilization, mothers’ housing situation, mothers’ mobility, and cultural barriers were discussed.

Conclusions

The study identified HCPs perceived barriers to providing breastfeeding support. Unique to China’s Tri-Level Healthcare System, challenges like staffing and financial incentives are hard to swiftly tackle. Recommendations include mHealth enhancement and clarified responsibilities with incentives and tailored training. Further research is crucial to evaluate these strategies in rural Northwestern China and comparable underdeveloped areas nationwide.
X chromosome rearrangement associated with premature ovarian insufficiency as diagnosed by molecular cytogenetic methods: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Peng Zhifang , Yang Renqi , Liu Qing , Chen Binbin , Long Panpan
Published: April 2024

Background

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinical condition characterized by ovarian dysfunction in women under 40. The etiology of most POI cases remains unidentified and is believed to be multifactorial, including factors such as autoimmunity, metabolism, infection, and genetics. POI exhibits significant genetic heterogeneity, and it can result from chromosomal abnormalities and monogenic defects.

Case presentation

The study participant, a 33-year-old woman, presented with a history of irregular menstruation that commenced two years ago, progressing to prolonged menstrual episodes and eventual cessation. The participant exhibits a rearrangement of the X chromosome, characterized by heterozygosity duplication on the long arm and heterozygosity deletion on the short arm by whole exome sequencing(WES) combined with cell chromosome detection.

Conclusions

This study expands the spectrum of mutations associated with POI resulting from X chromosomal abnormalities. WES-Copy number variation analysis, in conjunction with chromosome karyotype analysis and other detection techniques, can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic landscape underlying complex single or multi-system diseases.
Circ_0002669 promotes osteosarcoma tumorigenesis through directly binding to MYCBP and sponging miR-889-3p
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhan Yizhou , Liu Zhaoyong , Guo Huancheng , Liu Dongchen , Chen Chuangzhen
Published: April 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of highly multifunctional single-stranded RNAs that play crucial roles in cancer progression, including osteosarcoma (OS). Circ_0002669, generated from the dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) gene, was highly expressed in OS tissues, and negatively correlated with OS patient survival. Elevated circ_0002669 promoted OS cell growth and invasion in vivo and in vitro. By biotin pulldown and mass spectroscopy, we found that circ_0002669 directly bound to MYCBP, a positive regulator of c-myc, to prevent MYCBP from ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation. In addition, circ_0002669 interacted with miR-889-3p and served as a miRNA sponge to increase the expression of MYCBP, as determined by luciferase assays and RNA immunoprecipitation. Functional rescue experiments indicated MYCBP acted as a key factor for circ_0002669- and miR-889-3p-regulated OS cell proliferation and migration. Increased expression of c-myc-associated genes, such as CCND1, c-Jun and CDK4, were found in circ_0002669- and MYCBP-overexpressing OS cells. Our data thus provide evidence that circ_0002669 promotes OS malignancy by protecting MYCBP from protein ubiquitination and degradation and blocking miR-889-3p-mediated inhibition of MYCBP expression.
Effectiveness of WeChat-assisted preoperative education to reduce perioperative anxiety in breast cancer patients: a prospective randomized controlled study protocol
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Zuo Yi-Ding , Kuang Shu-Yu , Liu Chun-Yuan , Kun-Shao  , Wang Heng , Yan Si-Yu , Yu Feng , Xu Yan , Zhou Li , Jiang Chun-Ling
Published: April 2024

Background

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women globally, and surgical procedures continue to be the primary treatment. However, over 50% of patients experience preoperative anxiety due to the unknown and fear associated with surgery. Although drug therapy is commonly used to address this anxiety, its side effects have led to a heated debate regarding its effectiveness. Consequently, non-pharmacological therapies, such as preoperative education, have emerged as an alternative approach to alleviate anxiety. WeChat, a widely popular social media platform, offers a public platform that can potentially be utilized for effective preoperative education. This study aims to evaluate the use of WeChat public platform as a tool for preoperative education in patients undergoing breast surgery.

Methods

This is a prospective, randomized, and controlled trial will involve 392 adult women scheduled for breast cancer resection. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the WeChat education group or the regular group. In addition to regular preoperative visits, the WeChat education group will also watch science videos through the WeChat public platform. The regular group will only receive education from ward nurses during preoperative visits. The primary outcome measure will be the incidence of preoperative anxiety, defined by scores of the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) exceeding 40 points. Secondary outcome measures include the incidence of severe anxiety (SAI > 44) on the day before surgery, incidence of anxiety 72 h after surgery, incidence of severe anxiety 72 h after surgery, NRS scores for pain at rest and during activity 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery, incidence of nausea and vomiting within 24 h after surgery, subjective sleep score at 1 week postoperatively, quality of life QoR-15 scores at 1 and 3 months postoperatively, incidence of chronic pain at 3 months postoperatively, bowel function recovery, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization expenses.

Discussion

This is the first clinical trial to investigate the use of WeChat public platform for delivering preoperative education on perioperative anxiety in breast cancer patients. By utilizing the renowned WeChat public platform, our study aims to improve patient outcomes by providing video education that explains the disease, surgery, and anesthesia in a more accessible manner, thereby reducing the incidence of perioperative anxiety. If our hypothesis is confirmed, this non-pharmacological approach can be universally acknowledged as a cost-effective and practical method in clinical care. Its application can also be extended to other medical fields beyond breast cancer.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05291494. Registered on 29 December 2021.
Insights and challenges of insecticide resistance modelling in malaria vectors: a review
Authors: Ibrahim Eric Ali , Wamalwa Mark , Odindi John , Tonnang Henri Edouard Zefack
Published: April 2024

Background

Malaria is one of the most devastating tropical diseases, resulting in loss of lives each year, especially in children under the age of 5 years. Malaria burden, related deaths and stall in the progress against malaria transmission is evident, particularly in countries that have moderate or high malaria transmission. Hence, mitigating malaria spread requires information on the distribution of vectors and the drivers of insecticide resistance (IR). However, owing to the impracticality in establishing the critical need for real-world information at every location, modelling provides an informed best guess for such information. Therefore, this review examines the various methodologies used to model spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal patterns of IR within populations of malaria vectors, incorporating pest-biology parameters, adopted ecological principles, and the associated modelling challenges.

Methods

The review focused on the period ending March 2023 without imposing restrictions on the initial year of publication, and included articles sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. It was also limited to publications that deal with modelling of IR distribution across spatial and temporal dimensions and excluded articles solely focusing on insecticide susceptibility tests or articles not published in English. After rigorous selection, 33 articles met the review's elibility criteria and were subjected to full-text screening.

Results

Results show the popularity of Bayesian geostatistical approaches, and logistic and static models, with limited adoption of dynamic modelling approaches for spatial and temporal IR modelling. Furthermore, our review identifies the availability of surveillance data and scarcity of comprehensive information on the potential drivers of IR as major impediments to developing holistic models of IR evolution.

Conclusions

The review notes that incorporating pest-biology parameters, and ecological principles into IR models, in tandem with fundamental ecological concepts, potentially offers crucial insights into the evolution of IR. The results extend our knowledge of IR models that provide potentially accurate results, which can be translated into policy recommendations to combat the challenge of IR in malaria control.

Graphical Abstract
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly insulin icodec compared to once-daily insulin g U-100 in patients with type II diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Saleem Syed Zia , Fareed Areeba , Akhtar Syed Muhammad Muneeb , Farhat Solay , Taha Amira Mohamed , Akilimali Aymar
Published: April 2024

Background//Objective

Diabetes affects millions of people globally, despite treatment options, adherence and other factors pose obstacles. Once-weekly Insulin Icodec, a novel basal Insulin analog with a week-long half-life, offers potential benefits, enhancing convenience, adherence, and quality of life for improved glycemic control. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of once-weekly Insulin Icodec compared to once-daily Insulin Glargine U-100 in individuals with type II diabetes (T2D).

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases before September 2023 to identify relevant Randomized control trials (RCTs) with no language restrictions following PRISMA guidelines. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used for quality assessment. All statistical analyses were conducted using RevMan (version 5.4; Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014).

Result

Four RCTs published from 2020 to 2023 with a cumulative sample size of 1035 were included. The pooled mean difference (MD) revealed a 4.68% longer TIR (%) with Insulin Icodec compared to Insulin Glargine U-100 [{95% CI (0.69, 8.68), p = 0.02}], the estimated mean changes in HbA1c (%) and FPG (mg%) were found to be insignificant between the two groups [MD = − 0.12 {95% CI (− 0.26, 0.01), p = 0.07}] and [MD = − 2.59 {95% CI (− 6.95, 1.78), p = 0.25}], respectively. The overall OR for hypoglycemia was also nonsignificant between the two regimens 1.04 [{95% CI (0.71, 1.52), p = 0.84}]. Other safety parameters were similar between the two groups.

Conclusions

Switching from daily Insulin Glargine U-100 to weekly Insulin Icodec showed longer TIR (%) as well as similar blood glycemic control and safety profile. Hence, it may be a good alternate option for management of longstanding T2D.
Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β and cerebral microbleed are associated with distinct neuropsychiatric sub-syndromes in cognitively impaired patients
Authors: Zeng Qingze , Wang Yanbo , Wang Shuyue , Luo Xiao , Li Kaicheng , Xu Xiaopei , Liu Xiaocao , Hong Luwei , Li Jixuan , Li Zheyu , Zhang Xinyi , Zhong Siyan , Liu Zhirong , Huang Peiyu , Chen Yanxing , Zhang Minming ,   for behalf of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2024

Background

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are prevalent in cognitively impaired individuals including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Whereas several studies have reported the associations between NPS with AD pathologic biomarkers and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), but it remains unknown whether AD pathology and SVD contribute to different sub-syndromes independently or aggravate same symptoms synergistically.

Method

We included 445 cognitively impaired individuals (including 316 MCI and 129 AD) with neuropsychiatric, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (Aβ42, p-tau, and t-tau) and multi-model MRI data. Psychiatric symptoms were accessed by using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Visual assessment of SVD (white matter hyperintensity, microbleed, perivascular space, lacune) on MRI images was performed by experienced radiologist. Linear regression analyses were conducted to test the association between neuropsychiatric symptoms with AD pathology and CSVD burden after adjustment for age, sex, education, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status, and clinical diagnosis.

Results

The NPI total scores were related to microbleed (estimate 2.424; 95% CI [0.749, 4.099]; P =0.005). Considering the sub-syndromes, the hyperactivity was associated with microbleed (estimate 0.925; 95% CI [0.115, 1.735]; P =0.025), whereas the affective symptoms were correlated to CSF level of Aβ42 (estimate -0.006; 95% CI [-0.011, -0.002]; P =0.005). Furthermore, we found the apathy sub-syndrome was associated with CSF t-tau/Aβ42 (estimate 0.636; 95% CI [0.078, 1.194]; P =0.041) and microbleed (estimate 0.693; 95% CI [0.046, 1.340]; P =0.036). In addition, we found a significant interactive effect between CSF t-tau/Aβ42 and microbleed (estimate 0.993; 95% CI [0.360, 1.626]; P =0.019) on severity of apathy sub-syndrome.

Conclusion

Our study showed that CSF Aβ42 was associated with affective symptoms, but microbleed was correlated with hyperactivity and apathy, suggesting the effect of AD pathology and SVD on different neuropsychiatric sub-syndromes.
Neuroligin-2 shapes individual slow waves during slow-wave sleep and the response to sleep deprivation in mice
Authors: Leduc Tanya , El Alami Hiba , Bougadir Khadija , Bélanger-Nelson Erika , Mongrain Valérie
Published: April 2024

Background

Sleep disturbances are a common comorbidity to most neurodevelopmental disorders and tend to worsen disease symptomatology. It is thus crucial to understand mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances to improve patients’ quality of life. Neuroligin-2 (NLGN2) is a synaptic adhesion protein regulating GABAergic transmission. It has been linked to autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia in humans, and deregulations of its expression were shown to cause epileptic-like hypersynchronized cerebral activity in rodents. Importantly, the absence ofNlgn2(knockout: KO) was previously shown to alter sleep-wake duration and quality in mice, notably increasing slow-wave sleep (SWS) delta activity (1–4 Hz) and altering its 24-h dynamics. This type of brain oscillation is involved in memory consolidation, and is also a marker of homeostatic sleep pressure. Sleep deprivation (SD) is notably known to impair cognition and the physiological response to sleep loss involves GABAergic transmission.

Methods

Using electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings, we here first aimed to verify how individual slow wave (SW; 0.5-4 Hz) density and properties (e.g., amplitude, slope, frequency) contribute to the higher SWS delta activity and altered 24-h dynamics observed inNlgn2KO mice. We further investigated the response of these animals to SD. Finally, we tested whether sleep loss affects the gene expression ofNlgn2and related GABAergic transcripts in the cerebral cortex of wild-type mice using RNA sequencing.

Results

Our results show thatNlgn2KO mice have both greater SW amplitude and density, and that SW density is the main property contributing to the altered 24-h dynamics. We also found the absence ofNlgn2to accelerate paradoxical sleep recovery following SD, together with profound alterations in ECoG activity across vigilance states. Sleep loss, however, did not modify the 24-h distribution of the hypersynchronized ECoG events observed in these mice. Finally, RNA sequencing confirmed an overall decrease in cortical expression ofNlgn2and related GABAergic transcripts following SD in wild-type mice.

Conclusions

This work brings further insight into potential mechanisms of sleep duration and quality deregulation in neurodevelopmental disorders, notably involving NLGN2 and GABAergic neurotransmission.
Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate improve high-carbohydrate diet utilization by regulating gut microbiota, liver lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Liu Qiao , Cheng Liangshun , Wang Maozhu , Shen Lianfeng , Zhang Chengxian , Mu Jin , Hu Yifan , Yang Yihui , He Kuo , Yan Haoxiao , Zhao Liulan , Yang Song
Published: April 2024

Background

Adequate level of carbohydrates in aquafeeds help to conserve protein and reduce cost. However, studies have indicated that high-carbohydrate (HC) diet disrupt the homeostasis of the gut–liver axis in largemouth bass, resulting in decreased intestinal acetate and butyrate level.

Method

Herein, we had concepted a set of feeding experiment to assess the effects of dietary sodium acetate (SA) and sodium butyrate (SB) on liver health and the intestinal microbiota in largemouth bass fed an HC diet. The experimental design comprised 5 isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including LC (9% starch), HC (18% starch), HCSA (18% starch; 2 g/kg SA), HCSB (18% starch; 2 g/kg SB), and HCSASB (18% starch; 1 g/kg SA + 1 g/kg SB). Juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were fed on these diets for 56 d.

Results

We found that dietary SA and SB reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation by activating autophagy (ATG101, LC3B and TFEB), promoting lipolysis (CPT1α, HSL and AMPKα), and inhibiting adipogenesis (FAS, ACCA, SCD1 and PPARγ). In addition, SA and SB decreased oxidative stress in the liver (CAT, GPX1α and SOD1) by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Meanwhile, SA and SB alleviated HC-induced inflammation by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, COX2 and Hepcidin1) through the NF-κB pathway. Importantly, SA and SB increased the abundance of bacteria that produced acetic acid and butyrate (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1). Combined with the KEGG analysis, the results showed that SA and SB enriched carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways, thereby improving the utilization of carbohydrates. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that growth performance was closely related to hepatic lipid deposition, autophagy, antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and intestinal microbial composition.

Conclusions

In conclusion, dietary SA and SB can reduce hepatic lipid deposition; and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in largemouth bass fed on HC diet. These beneficial effects may be due to the altered composition of the gut microbiota caused by SA and SB. The improvement effects of SB were stronger than those associated with SA.
The effectiveness of a dialogical family guidance intervention regarding child treatment response in families with a child with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Cavonius-Rintahaka Diana , Roos Mervi , Aho Anna Liisa
Published: April 2024

Background

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) can have emotional and behavioral symptoms affecting not only the child, but the whole family. Since family members have a strong impact on each other, studies highlight the need to offer effective family interventions to strengthen the wellbeing of the family. The aim of the current study is to clarify whether there is a difference between parents` opinions regarding their child`s emotional and behavioral condition immediately after Dialogical Family Guidance (DFG) has ended and after a three and six month follow-up.

Method

Fifty families with a child with NDD were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received DFG with an immediate starting point, and Group 2 received DFG after a three-month waiting period. Parent experiences of treatment response regarding their children`s emotional and behavioral symptoms were estimated before and after DFG using the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-p) at baseline, and after three and six months. Additionally, comparisons between boys and girls, and the age of the child were analyzed.

Results

The total difficulties score between Group 1 and Group 2 showed no difference immediately after DFG, or after three months. Regarding subdomains boys had more peer problems than girls, and at baseline, children between 3 and 6 years appeared to have more conduct problems than children between 7 and 13 years. Subdomain prosocial behavior increased statistically significantly during the study period in Group 1. Other SDQ-p subdomains remained constant in both groups between baseline and three and six month follow-up.

Conclusions

The result does not show any differences between parents` opinions regarding their child immediately after or three months after DFG regarding SDQ-p total difficulties scores in either group. The difference between younger and older children regarding conduct problems at baseline, and the difference between boys and girls regarding peer problems is worth paying attention to in the clinical setting. Because of the small sample, it is not possible to draw relevant conclusions regarding the intervention`s effect regarding the child`s mental health dimensions, gender, or age. Nevertheless, Dialogical family Guidance represents one intervention that can be used.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04892992 (retrospectively registered May 18th 2021).
Quantitative research on the degree of disorder of traditional settlements: a case study of Liangjia Village, Jingxing, Hebei Province
Authors: Peng Peng , Fu Yating , Zhou Xiangyun , Wu Shaopu , Zhao Jiajie , Zhang Yuechen
Published: April 2024

Traditional settlements are vital carriers of Chinese history and culture, reflecting the direct and original needs of generations. However, the modernization of settlements will inevitably disrupt the spontaneous growth patterns inherent in traditional settlements. The degree of disorder of the settlement is not only the embodiment of its form, but also the concrete manifestation of its construction intention. We use the degree of disorder in settlements to assess the construction intentions of the settlements, the results allow us to assess whether new planning aligns with the original construction logic, thereby assessing the extent of interference by modernization in traditional villages. This can provide guidance and assistance for settlement conservation and future planning. By using the Delaunay triangulation network, street polar histogram and direction entropy, and comprehensibility of settlements, this paper quantitatively analyzes the degree of disorder in the three levels of architecture, street and local environment of the settlement. Liangjia Village, the example in this research, is divided into three areas—two new and one old. degree of disorders in architecture, streets, and local environment are calculated and compared with the overall settlement. The study finds that the construction logic for buildings and streets remains stable throughout development. However, notable differences exist in environmental construction principles between new and old sections. The analysis suggests that traditional settlements, guided by inherent principles, maintain stability under external influences, serving as a benchmark for future planning and modernization decisions.
Assessment of the surface forest fuel load in the Ukrainian Polissia
Authors: Sydorenko S. , Gumeniuk V. , De Miguel-Díez F. , Soshenskiy O. , Budzinskyi I. , Koren V.
Published: April 2024

Background

There is a clearly increasing trend of wildfires that become catastrophic in some countries such as the United States, Australia, Russia, Portugal, Greece, and Spain. Fuel is one of the key components that influences fire behavior and its effects. Assessing the fuel load and distribution of its components in the landscape provides effective fire management treatments in terms of fire prevention campaigns on a scientific basis. This study aims to evaluate the litter, duff, and herb fuels in highly flammable coniferous forest types in Ukrainian Polissia.

To estimate relationships between forestry variables that reflect the characteristics of the pine stand (DBH, height of the stand, age, relative density, stock of the plantation etc.) and the load of litter, duff, and herb fuels (CWD, FWD, litter, live grass, etc.), correlation analysis was used. To analyze difference between groups of sampling plots that have different forests, we use generalized linear mixed models including random effects of sampling plot type. Cluster analysis was performed using k-means partitioning method and Calinski-Harabasz criterion. To assess the significance of individual variables on which the variation of forest fuel depends, the random forest algorithm was used; for variable selection, we used two parameters: the percent increase in mean squared error and the Gini impurity index.

Results

The research revealed that in the pine forest stands, the stock of litter and duff varies from 15.5 (15 years) to 140 ton/ha (139 years). When modeling, the humidity level of the forest site (soil) significantly affects the dynamics of forest fuel accumulation. In fresh types of forest-growing conditions, the forest litter stock increases to the age of 80–90 years; then, it strongly decreases, while in wet forest types, continuous forest fuel stock accumulation is established during the entire growth period. Moreover, the results showed that the forest fuel load was influenced by the soil fertility. The stock of live and dead herbaceous fuel in fresh and wet conditions is not statistically different, and soil moisture has not had a significant impact. Fine woody debris stocks were more dependent on stand productivity and practically does not depend on the soil fertility index, site moisture content, and its age and ranged from 0.4 to 1.9 t/ha (1 h), from 0.1 to 2.2 t/ha (10 h), and from 0 to 1.6 t/ha (100 h).

Conclusions

The obtained results enabled to develop mathematical models for estimating litter and duff stocks in the Polissia forest stands based on stand characteristic and the soil humidity level. Moreover, the results will serve as basis to develop local forest fuel models as well as to determine potential fire hazards and a fire behavior modeling process in coniferous forests of that region. These models constitute the basis for the national set of fuel model development for each nature zone of Ukraine.
Biomineralized synthesis of luminescent protease-(NH4)2Y3F11•H2O hybrid nanospheres and their applications as a stable and reusable enzyme reactor
Authors: Wei Wenyu , He Manman , Ma Jianrui , He Huixia , Liu Peng , Xiao Jianxi
Published: April 2024

Proteases, such as trypsin, are essential for extracting collagen in various industrial applications. The potential applications of rare earth nanomaterials, specifically yttrium nanoparticles, have attracted significant interest across various fields due to their distinctive characteristics, including high dielectric constant and thermal stability. Biomineralization has emerged as a promising approach to synthesize protein-inorganic nanomaterials with hierarchical structures and desired functions. In the present investigation, a novel protease-templated biomineralization strategy was developed for synthesizing protease-(NH4)2Y3F11•H2O hybrid nanomaterials using a one-pot method under very mild conditions. For modifying the morphologies of (NH4)2Y3F11•H2O throughout biomineralization, protease has been demonstrated to be a highly promising biotemplate. Protease was utilized as a template for morphological control in the biomineralization procedure, which resulted in a gradual transformation of the initially formed (NH4)2Y3F11•H2O octahedral structures into uniform nanospheres. The applicability of this approach was supported by successfully utilizing various proteases to synthesize protease-(NH4)2Y3F11•H2O hybrid nanospheres. In addition to a strong and desirable luminescent signal, these hybrid nanospheres demonstrated extensive recycling because of their high enzymatic activity, stability and durability. The protease-mediated biomineralization approach offers an easy and robust approach to develop innovative protease-inorganic composites. Its moderate reaction conditions and simple operation render it a viable tool for developing stable and reusable enzyme reactors in various industrial applications.

Graphical Abstract
Association between hypomagnesemia and serum lactate levels in patients with sepsis: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Tonai Ken , Katayama Shinshu , Koyama Kansuke , Imahase Hisashi , Nunomiya Shin
Published: April 2024

Background

Sepsis-3 emphasizes the recognition of sepsis-induced cellular metabolic abnormalities, and utilizes serum lactate level as a biomarker of cellular metabolic abnormalities. Magnesium plays an important role as a cofactor in glucose metabolism, although it is not well known that magnesium deficiency causes elevated serum lactate levels. Additionally, it remains unclear how magnesium status affects the role of serum lactate levels as a marker of metabolic abnormalities in sepsis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between serum magnesium and lactate levels in patients with sepsis and explore this relationship from the perspectives of time course and circulatory abnormalities.

Methods

This retrospective observational study of adult patients with sepsis was performed at the 16-bed intensive care unit of Jichi Medical University Hospital between June 2011 and December 2017. The relationship between serum magnesium and lactate levels for 5 days from intensive care unit admission was investigated along the time course. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between serum magnesium and lactate levels during intensive care unit admission.

Results

Among 759 patients included, 105 had hypomagnesemia (magnesium level < 1.6 mg/dL), 558 had normal serum magnesium levels (1.6–2.4 mg/dL), and 96 had hypermagnesemia (magnesium level > 2.4 mg/dL) at intensive care unit admission. From intensive care unit admission to day 5, the hypomagnesemia group had higher serum lactate levels and a higher frequency of lactic acidosis than the normal magnesium level and hypermagnesemia groups (70% vs. 51.6% vs. 50%; P < 0.001). Hypomagnesemia at intensive care unit admission was independently associated with lactic acidosis, i.e., lactic acid level > 2 mmol/L (odds ratio, 2.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.60–4.76; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Hypomagnesemia was associated with serum lactate levels in the early and post-resuscitation phases of sepsis. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether the magnesium status is associated with sepsis-induced cellular and metabolic abnormalities.
Arbitrary target frequency cloaking for flexural waves using deep learning
Authors: Linghu Zhiang , Du Qiujiao , Shen Yawen , Yang Hongwu , Peng Pai , Liu Fengming
Published: April 2024

Differing from electromagnetic and acoustic waves, the governing equation for elastic waves in flexural plates is not form invariant, hindering straightforward cloak design based on coordinate transformation theory. In this work, we propose a novel idea instead of the approximately equivalent transformation method, and employ scattering cancellation techniques to design a multi-layer cylindrical structure for achieving flexural wave cloaking at desired target frequencies. Moreover, we use deep learning to effectively address the time consuming issue dealing with fine-tuning design parameters for the desired response. More importantly, we adopt a method based on a tandem neural network to tackle the one-to-many mapping challenge in inverse design. It not only accurately predicts the scattering spectra of multi-layer structures in advance but also efficiently performs inverse design to obtain the required design parameters for arbitrary target frequency cloaking.
Numerical calculation of N-periodic wave solutions of the negative-order Korteweg-de Vries equations
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhao Zhonglong , Zhang Yufeng
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the N-periodic wave solutions of the negative-order Korteweg-de Vries equations are presented, which can be used to describe wave phenomena in the water waves and plasma waves. Combining the bilinear Bäcklund transformation with the Riemann-theta function, the N-periodic wave solutions can be obtained. Employing the parity of the bilinear forms for the Bäcklund transformation, the complexity of the calculation can be reduced. The difficulty of solving N-periodic wave solutions can be transformed into solving least square problems. The Gauss-Newton numerical algorithm is employed to solve this kind of problem. Furthermore, the characteristic lines are used to analyze quantitatively the quasi-periodic solutions. The characteristic line analysis method is specifically demonstrated in the case of N = 3. Some examples of numerical simulations for the 3-periodic and 4-periodic waves are presented. It is proved that this method can be further extended to the N-periodic wave solutions.
Acute Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Burch Rebecca
Published: April 2024

Objective

Most patients with migraine require acute treatment for at least some attacks. This article reviews the approach to the acute treatment of migraine, migraine-specific and nonspecific treatment options, rescue treatment and options for management in the emergency department and inpatient settings, and treatment during pregnancy and lactation.

Latest Developments

Triptans, ergot derivatives, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have historically been the main acute treatments for migraine. The development of new classes of acute treatment, including the small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists (gepants) and a 5-HT1F receptor agonist (lasmiditan), expands available options. These new treatments have not been associated with vasospasm or increased cardiovascular risk, therefore allowing migraine-specific acute treatment for the more than 20% of adults with migraine who are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. Neuromodulation offers a nonpharmacologic option for acute treatment, with the strongest evidence for remote electrical neuromodulation.

Essential Points

The number of available migraine treatments continues to expand, although triptans are still the mainstay of migraine-specific acute treatment. There is no one-size-fits-all acute treatment and multiple treatment trials are sometimes necessary to determine the optimal regimen for patients. Switching within and between classes, using the maximum allowed dose, using combination therapy, and counseling patients to treat early are all strategies that may improve patient response to acute treatment.
Indomethacin-Responsive Headache Disorders
Authors: Goadsby Peter J.
Published: April 2024

Objective

This article describes the clinical features and treatment of the indomethacin-responsive headache disorders paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua.

Latest Developments

Both paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua are treated with indomethacin at the lowest clinically useful dose. It has recently become clear that some patients with either condition may respond to treatment with noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation, which can be both indomethacin sparing and, in some cases, headache controlling. Given the lifelong nature of both paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua, brain imaging with MRI is recommended when the conditions are identified, specifically including pituitary views.

Essential Points

Paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua are indomethacin-responsive headache disorders that offer a rewarding and unique opportunity to provide marked clinical improvement when recognized and treated appropriately. These disorders share the final common pathway of the trigeminal-autonomic reflex, with head pain and cranial autonomic features, and are differentiated pathophysiologically by the pattern of brain involvement, which can be seen using functional imaging. They have distinct differential diagnoses to which the clinician needs to remain alert.
Cluster Headache, SUNCT, and SUNA
Authors: Burish Mark
Published: April 2024

Objective

This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of three types of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias: cluster headache (the most common), short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT), and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA).

Latest Developments

The first-line treatments for trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias have not changed in recent years: cluster headache is managed with oxygen, triptans, and verapamil, and SUNCT and SUNA are managed with lamotrigine. However, new successful clinical trials of high-dose prednisone, high-dose galcanezumab, and occipital nerve stimulation provide additional options for patients with cluster headache. Furthermore, new genetic and imaging tests in patients with cluster headache hold promise for a better understanding of its pathophysiology.

Essential Points

The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias are a group of diseases that appear similar to each other and other headache disorders but have important differences. Proper diagnosis is crucial for proper treatment.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Headache Care and Research
Authors: Kiarashi Jessica , Halker Singh Rashmi B.
Published: April 2024

This article reviews the disparities faced by individuals who experience headache disorders and discusses potential solutions to deliver equitable care. Disparities exist in the diagnosis and treatment of headache disorders with regard to race, ethnicity, sex, gender, sexual orientation, geography, and socioeconomic status. Furthermore, research in the realm of headache disparities is inadequate, and the clinical trial representation of patients from underserved communities is poor. Many barriers exist to optimizing care for underserved communities and this article addresses these barriers and presents ways to combat them.
Anesthetic Management of a Patient with MIRAGE Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Gökdemir Begüm N. , Çekmen Nedim
Published: April 2024

MIRAGE syndrome consists of Myelodysplasia, Infection, Growth restriction, Adrenal hypoplasia, Genital phenotypes, and Enteropathy. We report the uneventful anesthesia management of a 6-year-old female patient with MIRAGE syndrome. We think it can guide anesthesiologists caring for patients with this syndrome to find the appropriate method for them.
Ultrasound-Assisted Spinal Anesthesia in a Patient with a Preexisting Lumbar Interspinous Spacer: A Case Report
Authors: Huang Priscilla , Singleton Michael N. , Qiao William P.
Published: April 2024

An interspinous spacer is a minimally invasive implantable device for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. The in situ implant may prevent safe and successful spinal anesthesia because its position can obstruct the path of the spinal needle. Lumbar neuraxial ultrasonography has been shown to aid in performance of neuraxial anesthesia in patients with challenging anatomy. Currently, there are no reported cases of ultrasound-assisted spinal anesthesia in patients with interspinous spacers. We present a case in which ultrasonography assisted the successful administration of a spinal anesthetic by avoiding an indwelling lumbar interspinous spacer.
A Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Minimally Invasive Pectus Excavatum Repair Surgery with a Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Technique: Case Report
Authors: Alver Selçuk , Bidak Merve , Erdoğan Cem , Ciftci Bahadir
Published: April 2024

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is currently used for the repair of pectus excavatum. Analgesia after thoracic surgery can be provided with nerve blocks, intravenous drugs, or neuraxial techniques. Serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block (SPSIPB) is a novel interfascial plane block and it is performed between the serratus posterior superior muscle and the intercostal muscles at the level of the second and third ribs. In this case, we present our successful analgesic experience with SPSIPB in a patient who underwent minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair with a VATS technique.