bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure S3 from Combined Vorinostat and Chloroquine Inhibit Sodium–Iodide Symporter Endocytosis and Enhance Radionuclide Uptake In Vivo
Authors: Read Martin L. , Brookes Katie , Zha Ling , Manivannan Selvambigai , Kim Jana , Kocbiyik Merve , Fletcher Alice , Gorvin Caroline M. , Firth George , Fruhwirth Gilbert O. , Nicola Juan P. , Jhiang Sissy , Ringel Matthew D. , Campbell Moray J. , Sunassee Kavitha , Blower Philip J. , Boelaert Kristien , Nieto Hannah R. , Smith Vicki E. , McCabe Christopher J.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S3
Supplementary Table S3 from Development of a [89Zr]Zr-labeled Human Antibody using a Novel Phage-displayed Human scFv Library
Authors: Singh Abhay K. , Lewis Calvin D. , Boas Cristian A.W.V. , Diebolder Philipp , Jethva Prashant N. , Rhee Aaron , Song Jong Hee , Goo Young Ah , Li Shunqian , Nickels Michael L. , Liu Yongjian , Rogers Buck E. , Kapoor Vaishali , Hallahan Dennis E.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Table 3. Rank ordering of the DFO conjugated L111 antibodies based on their KD values
Supplementary Data 1 from Negative Hyperselection of Resistance Mutations for Panitumumab Maintenance in RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (PanaMa Phase II Trial, AIO KRK 0212)
Authors: Stahler Arndt , Kind Andreas J. , Sers Christine , Mamlouk Soulafa , Müller Lothar , Karthaus Meinolf , Fruehauf Stefan , Graeven Ullrich , Fischer von Weikersthal Ludwig , Sommerhäuser Greta , Kasper Stefan , Hoppe Beeke , Kurreck Annika , Held Swantje , Heinemann Volker , Horst David , Jarosch Armin , Stintzing Sebastian , Trarbach Tanja , Modest Dominik P.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Tables 1-7
Supplementary Table S4 from Phase II Study of the Liposomal Formulation of Eribulin (E7389-LF) in Combination with Nivolumab: Results from the Gastric Cancer Cohort
Authors: Kawazoe Akihito , Yamamoto Noboru , Sugimoto Naotoshi , Kawakami Hisato , Oshima Takashi , Yamaguchi Kensei , Hino Kaori , Hirao Motohiro , Kurokawa Yukinori , Kawakami Takeshi , Tsuda Masahiro , Hara Hiroki , Kaname Shota , Matsuoka Daiko , Otake Yohei , Yasuda Keisuke , Takase Takao , Takashima Shuya , Semba Taro , Muro Kei
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Table S4. TEAEs that occurred in >10% of patients
Supplementary Data 1 from Preclinical Characterization of AZD9574, a Blood–Brain Barrier Penetrant Inhibitor of PARP1
Authors: Staniszewska Anna D. , Pilger Domenic , Gill Sonja J. , Jamal Kunzah , Bohin Natacha , Guzzetti Sofia , Gordon Jacob , Hamm Gregory , Mundin Gill , Illuzzi Giuditta , Pike Andy , McWilliams Lisa , Maglennon Gareth , Rose Jonathan , Hawthorne Glen , Cortes Gonzalez Miguel , Halldin Christer , Johnström Peter , Schou Magnus , Critchlow Susan E. , Fawell Stephen , Johannes Jeffrey W. , Leo Elisabetta , Davies Barry R. , Cosulich Sabina , Sarkaria Jann N. , O'Connor Mark J. , Hamerlik Petra
Published: April 2024

Supplementary methods, figures, tables
Supplementary Table S1 from Combining Genomic Biomarkers to Guide Immunotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: van de Haar Joris , Mankor Joanne M. , Hummelink Karlijn , Monkhorst Kim , Smit Egbert F. , Wessels Lodewyk F.A. , Cuppen Edwin , Aerts Joachim G.J.V. , Voest Emile E.
Published: April 2024

Clinicogenomic dataset of the discovery cohort used for biomarker analyses.
Supplementary Table S2 from Dual-Hit Strategy for Therapeutic Targeting of Pancreatic Cancer in Patient-Derived Xenograft Tumors
Authors: Roy Chaudhuri Tista , Lin Qingxiang , Stachowiak Ewa K. , Rosario Spencer R. , Spernyak Joseph A. , Ma Wen Wee , Stachowiak Michal K. , Greene Michelle K. , Quinn Gerard P. , McDade Simon S. , Clynes Martin , Scott Christopher J. , Straubinger Robert M.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Table S2. Histological and growth parameters of PDAC PDXs
Supplementary Figure S2 from FDA Approval Summary: Ivosidenib in Combination with Azacitidine for Treatment of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia with an IDH1 Mutation
Authors: Woods Ashley , Norsworthy Kelly J. , Wang Xin , Vallejo Jonathon , Chiu Yuen Chow Edwin , Li Ruo-Jing , Sun Jielin , Charlab Rosane , Jiang Xiling , Pazdur Richard , Theoret Marc R. , de Claro R. Angelo
Published: April 2024

Overall Survival by Subgroup
Supplementary Material 1 from Phase II Study of Eribulin plus Pembrolizumab in Metastatic Soft-tissue Sarcomas: Clinical Outcomes and Biological Correlates
Authors: Haddox Candace L. , Nathenson Michael J. , Mazzola Emanuele , Lin Jia-Ren , Baginska Joanna , Nau Allison , Weirather Jason L. , Choy Edwin , Marino-Enriquez Adrian , Morgan Jeffrey A. , Cote Gregory M. , Merriam Priscilla , Wagner Andrew J. , Sorger Peter K. , Santagata Sandro , George Suzanne
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Material. Study Protocol.
Engineering CD3/CD137 Dual Specificity into a DLL3-Targeted T-Cell Engager Enhances T-Cell Infiltration and Efficacy against Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Mikami Hirofumi , Feng Shu , Matsuda Yutaka , Ishii Shinya , Naoi Sotaro , Azuma Yumiko , Nagano Hiroaki , Asanuma Kentaro , Kayukawa Yoko , Tsunenari Toshiaki , Kamikawaji Shogo , Iwabuchi Ryutaro , Shinozuka Junko , Yamazaki Masaki , Kuroi Haruka , Ho Samantha Shu Wen , Gan Siok Wan , Chichili Priyanka , Pang Chai Ling , Yeo Chiew Ying , Shimizu Shun , Hironiwa Naoka , Kinoshita Yasuko , Shimizu Yuichiro , Sakamoto Akihisa , Muraoka Masaru , Takahashi Noriyuki , Kawa Tatsuya , Shiraiwa Hirotake , Mimoto Futa , Kashima Kenji , Kamata-Sakurai Mika , Ishikawa Shumpei , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Kitazawa Takehisa , Igawa Tomoyuki
Published: April 2024

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive cancer for which immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have had only limited success. Bispecific T-cell engagers are promising therapeutic alternatives for ICI-resistant tumors, but not all patients with SCLC are responsive. Herein, to integrate CD137 costimulatory function into a T-cell engager format and thereby augment therapeutic efficacy, we generated a CD3/CD137 dual-specific Fab and engineered a DLL3-targeted trispecific antibody (DLL3 trispecific). The CD3/CD137 dual-specific Fab was generated to competitively bind to CD3 and CD137 to prevent DLL3-independent cross-linking of CD3 and CD137, which could lead to systemic T-cell activation. We demonstrated that DLL3 trispecific induced better tumor growth control and a marked increase in the number of intratumoral T cells compared with a conventional DLL3-targeted bispecific T-cell engager. These findings suggest that DLL3 trispecific can exert potent efficacy by inducing concurrent CD137 costimulation and provide a promising therapeutic option for SCLC.
Current and Future Cost Burden of Ischemic Stroke in Australia: Dynamic Model
Authors: Abebe Tamrat Befekadu , Ilomaki Jenni , Livori Adam , Bell J. Simon , Morton Jedidiah I. , Ademi Zanfina
Published: April 2024

Background: Stroke remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Australia. The objective of this study was to estimate the current and future cost burden of ischemic stroke (IS) in Australia. Method: First, the annual chronic management cost per person following IS were derived for all people aged ≥30 years discharged from a public or private hospital in Victoria, Australia between July 2012 and June 2017 (with follow-up data until June 2018 [n = 34,471]). Then extrapolated the data from from Victoria to the whole Australian population aged between 30 years and 99 years to project the total healthcare costs following IS (combination of acute event and chronic management cost) over a 20-year period (2019–2038) using a dynamic multistate life table model. Data for the dynamic model were sourced from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset (VAED) and supplemented with other published data. Result: The estimated annual total chronic management cost following IS was 13,525 Australian dollars (AUD) per person (95% CI: AUD 13,380, AUD 13,670) for cohorts in the VAED between July 2012 and June 2017. The annual chronic management cost was estimated to decline following IS. The highest cost was incurred in the first year of follow-up post-IS (AUD 14,309 per person) and declined to AUD 9,776 in the sixth year of follow-up post-IS. The total healthcare cost for people aged 30–99 years was projected to be AUD 47.7 billion (95% UI: AUD 44.6 billion, AUD 51.0 billion) over the 20-year period (2019–2038) Australia-wide, of which 91.3% (AUD 43.6 billion) was attributed to chronic management costs and the remaining 8.7% (AUD 4.2 billion) were due to acute IS events. Conclusion: IS has and will continue to have a considerable financial impact in the next 2 decades on the Australian healthcare system. Our estimated and projected cost burden following IS provides important information for decision making in relation to IS.
Exploring the Impacts of Age at Menarche on Cognitive Aging in Late Adulthood: Evidence from a Mendelian Randomization Study on the Taiwanese Population
Authors: Fang Chen-Wen , Yang Cheng-Yi , Chau Hephaes Chuen , Tsai Meng-Che
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The potential influence of age at menarche (AM) on cognitive aging remains inadequate, partly because of the difficulties presented by multiple confounders. To address this issue, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to explore the causal impacts of AM on cognitive aging. Methods: Using the publicly accessible Taiwan Biobank, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with AM as instrumental variables to estimate the effects of instruments on cognitive function assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We employed several MR methods, including two-stage least squares, inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and constrained maximum likelihood (cML) MR methods, to ensure the stability and reliability of the results. Results: MR analyses indicated no significant causal relationship between genetically determined AMs and total and subdomain MMSE scores, except the G5 subdomain (βIVW = 0.156, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.005, 0.307; βcML = 0.161, 95% CI: 0.014, 0.309). However, in a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, we found a significant relationship between AM and cognitive aging after eliminating rs157863 and rs6758290, thus demonstrating the potential pleiotropic effects of these two SNPs. After these two SNPs were eliminated, we found a significant causal relationship between AM and overall MMSE scores (βIVW = 0.425, 95% CI: 0.011, 0.839), though. Conclusion: Evidence from the present MR study did not fully support a causal relationship between AM and cognitive function decline in later life. Potential pleiotropic effects of the genes underlying these two traits are worthy of further investigation.
El uso de los medios digitales en la escuela: un estudio de las imágenes mediáticas y las percepciones docentes
Authors: Saez Virginia
Published: April 2024

El uso de los medios digitales es uno de los imperativos de la agenda del siglo XXI. Por ello es relevante indagar las imágenes sociales y percepciones docentes sobre el desempeño profesional con las nuevas tecnologías. En este trabajo analizamos los discursos mediáticos y las percepciones de los profesores sobre sus prácticas pedagógicas con medios digitales. Para ello se relevaron las coberturas periodísticas de dos diarios nacionales de Argentina, Clarín y La Nación, durante el período 2010-2020, y se llevó a cabo un trabajo de campo en dos escuelas de gestión estatal. Mostramos las continuidades y rupturas de las imágenes mediáticas sobre la docencia y la necesidad de revisar la tendencia a pedagogizar los problemas sociales.
Uso de las TIC en entornos virtuales para promover la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales
Authors: Jaramillo Sosa Ruby Nery , Carmen Cristina Crespo Monterrosa Carmen Cristina , Guerra Barahona Katerine Elvira , López Herrera Yolanda
Published: April 2024

En el presente artículo se exponen los hallazgos derivados de la investigación realizada con el fin de potenciar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales en diferentes Instituciones Educativas a través de entornos virtuales de aprendizaje (EVA). El estudio estuvo enmarcado dentro de una metodología cualitativa con un enfoque de investigación, acción participativa. La población participante estuvo conformada por estudiantes de tres instituciones educativas, pertenecientes al grado octavo en dos de estas; Escuela Normal Superior San Juan del Cesar y la I.E. Pablo VI en donde se trabajó la asignatura de biología, mientras que, en la otra institución, el Liceo Salazar y Herrera se trabajó la asignatura de química en grado décimo. Para la recolección de la información se emplearon instrumentos tales como encuestas, cuestionarios y diario de campo, además, el desarrollo de las sesiones de clase estuvo apoyado en la ejecución de una unidad didáctica. Según el análisis por categorías (procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, entornos virtuales y currículos emergentes). Los resultados de la investigación indican que los EVA favorecen los procesos educativos, en cuanto, aumentan el nivel de participación y motivación, despiertan el interés de los estudiantes y facilitan los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.
Instrumentos urbanísticos de recuperação de mais-valias fundiárias na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: análise descritiva da proposta do Plano Diretor de 2021
Authors: Araujo Junior Edmar Augusto Santos de
Published: April 2024

The aim of this article is to analyse the urbanistic instruments for the recovery of land values contained in the Supplementary Law Project (PLC) no 41/2021, which institutes the revision of the Master Plan of the city of Rio de Janeiro (PD-RJ), which is currently being examined by the Municipal Chamber. As a contribution to the ongoing process, this article seeks to analyse descriptively the formulas for calculating the financial contributions of the instruments resulting from changes in urban planning regulations on uses and building densities, in order to understand the potential for applicability and self-regulation of the instruments.
Paisagens de Campos do Jordão em três atos: cura, turismo e modernização
Authors: Leite Marcelo André Ferreira , Simões Júnior José Geraldo
Published: April 2024

This article analyzes how different images of the town of Campos do Jordão, known mountain tourist destination located in the Serra da Mantiqueira, in São Paulo State, were portrayed in three novels of national literature: Floradas na Serra (1939), premiere of Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Cidade Enferma (1948), by Paulo Dantas and Opulência (2020), by Luís Krausz. With narratives that take place in the touristic town between the 1930s and 1970s, from the reading of each of the three books, we were able to verify the importance of literature as a useful tool for studies on memory, history, urbanism, and architecture of cities, in addition to its functions as a cultural artifact, form of artistic expression or work of entertainment.
LXRα Promotes Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation Through UHRF1 Epigenetic Modification of miR-26b-3p
Authors: Guo Xiao , Zhong Jianmei , Zhao Yichao , Fu Yanan , Sun Ling-yue , Yuan Ancai , Liu Junling , Chen Alex F. , Pu Jun
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a severe aortic disease without effective pharmacological approaches. The nuclear hormone receptor LXRα (liver X receptor α), encoded by the
NR1H3
gene, serves as a critical transcriptional mediator linked to several vascular pathologies, but its role in AAA remains elusive.

METHODS:

Through integrated analyses of human and murine AAA gene expression microarray data sets, we identified
NR1H3
as a candidate gene regulating AAA formation. To investigate the role of LXRα in AAA formation, we used global
Nr1h3
-knockout and vascular smooth muscle cell–specific
Nr1h3
-knockout mice in 2 AAA mouse models induced with angiotensin II (1000 ng·kg·min; 28 days) or calcium chloride (CaCl
2
; 0.5 mol/L; 42 days).

RESULTS:

Upregulated LXRα was observed in the aortas of patients with AAA and in angiotensin II– or CaCl
2
-treated mice. Global or vascular smooth muscle cell–specific
Nr1h3
knockout inhibited AAA formation in 2 mouse models. Loss of LXRα function prevented extracellular matrix degeneration, inflammation, and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching.
Uhrf1
, an epigenetic master regulator, was identified as a direct target gene of LXRα by integrated analysis of transcriptome sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. Susceptibility to AAA development was consistently enhanced by UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domains 1) in both angiotensin II– and CaCl
2
-induced mouse models. We then determined the CpG methylation status and promoter accessibility of UHRF1-mediated genes using CUT&Tag (cleavage under targets and tagmentation), RRBS (reduced representation bisulfite sequencing), and ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing) in vascular smooth muscle cells, which revealed that the recruitment of UHRF1 to the promoter of miR-26b led to DNA hypermethylation accompanied by relatively closed chromatin states, and caused downregulation of miR-26b expression in AAA. Regarding clinical significance, we found that underexpression of miR-26b-3p correlated with high risk in patients with AAA. Maintaining miR-26b-3p expression prevented AAA progression and alleviated the overall pathological process.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study reveals a pivotal role of the LXRα/UHRF1/miR-26b-3p axis in AAA and provides potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AAA.
BRCC3 Regulation of ALK2 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Implication in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Shen Hui , Gao Ya , Ge Dedong , Tan Meng , Yin Qing , Wei Tong-You Wade , He Fangzhou , Lee Tzong-Yi , Li Zhongyan , Chen Yuqin , Yang Qifeng , Liu Zhangyu , Li Xinxin , Chen Zixuan , Yang Yi , Zhang Zhengang , Thistlethwaite Patricia A. , Wang Jian , Malhotra Atul , Yuan Jason X.-J. , Shyy John Y.-J. , Gong Kaizheng
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

An imbalance of antiproliferative BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling and proliferative TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling is implicated in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The posttranslational modification (eg, phosphorylation and ubiquitination) of TGF-β family receptors, including BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor)/ALK2 (activin receptor-like kinase-2) and TGF-βR2/R1, and receptor-regulated Smads significantly affects their activity and thus regulates the target cell fate. BRCC3 modifies the activity and stability of its substrate proteins through K63-dependent deubiquitination. By modulating the posttranslational modifications of the BMP/TGF-β–PPARγ pathway, BRCC3 may play a role in pulmonary vascular remodeling, hence the pathogenesis of PAH.

METHODS:

Bioinformatic analyses were used to explore the mechanism by which BRCC3 deubiquitinates ALK2. Cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), mouse models, and specimens from patients with idiopathic PAH were used to investigate the rebalance between BMP and TGF-β signaling in regulating ALK2 phosphorylation and ubiquitination in the context of pulmonary hypertension.

RESULTS:

BRCC3 was significantly downregulated in PASMCs from patients with PAH and animals with experimental pulmonary hypertension. BRCC3, by de-ubiquitinating ALK2 at Lys-472 and Lys-475, activated receptor-regulated Smad1/5/9, which resulted in transcriptional activation of BMP-regulated PPARγ, p53, and Id1. Overexpression of BRCC3 also attenuated TGF-β signaling by downregulating TGF-β expression and inhibiting phosphorylation of Smad3. Experiments in vitro indicated that overexpression of BRCC3 or the de-ubiquitin–mimetic ALK2-K472/475R attenuated PASMC proliferation and migration and enhanced PASMC apoptosis. In SM22α-BRCC3-Tg mice, pulmonary hypertension was ameliorated because of activation of the ALK2-Smad1/5-PPARγ axis in PASMCs. In contrast,
Brcc3
-/-
mice showed increased susceptibility of experimental pulmonary hypertension because of inhibition of the ALK2-Smad1/5 signaling.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results suggest a pivotal role of BRCC3 in sustaining pulmonary vascular homeostasis by maintaining the integrity of the BMP signaling (ie, the ALK2-Smad1/5-PPARγ axis) while suppressing TGF-β signaling in PASMCs. Such rebalance of BMP/TGF-β pathways is translationally important for PAH alleviation.
Development of a Full-Scale Connected U-Net for Reflectivity Inpainting in Spaceborne Radar Blind Zones
Authors: King Fraser , Pettersen Claire , Fletcher Christopher G. , Geiss Andrew
Published: April 2024

CloudSat’s Cloud Profiling Radar is a valuable tool for remotely monitoring high-latitude snowfall, but its ability to observe hydrometeor activity near the Earth’s surface is limited by a radar blind zone caused by ground clutter contamination. This study presents the development of a deeply supervised U-Net-style convolutional neural network to predict cold season reflectivity profiles within the blind zone at two Arctic locations. The network learns to predict the presence and intensity of near-surface hydrometeors by coupling latent features encoded in blind zone-aloft clouds with additional context from collocated atmospheric state variables (i.e., temperature, specific humidity, and wind speed). Results show that the U-Net predictions outperform traditional linear extrapolation methods, with low mean absolute error, a 38% higher Sørensen–Dice coefficient, and vertical reflectivity distributions 60% closer to observed values. The U-Net is also able to detect the presence of near-surface cloud with a critical success index (CSI) of 72% and cases of shallow cumuliform snowfall and virga with 18% higher CSI values compared to linear methods. An explainability analysis shows that reflectivity information throughout the scene, especially at cloud edges and at the 1.2-km blind zone threshold, along with atmospheric state variables near the tropopause, are the most significant contributors to model skill. This surface-trained generative inpainting technique has the potential to enhance current and future remote sensing precipitation missions by providing a better understanding of the nonlinear relationship between blind zone reflectivity values and the surrounding atmospheric state.

Significance Statement

Snowfall is a critical contributor to the global water–energy budget, with important connections to water resource management, flood mitigation, and ecosystem sustainability. However, traditional spaceborne remote monitoring of snowfall faces challenges due to a near-surface radar blind zone, which masks a portion of the atmosphere. In this study, a deep learning model was developed to fill in missing data across these regions using surface radar and atmospheric state variables. The model accurately predicts reflectivity, with significant improvements over conventional methods. This innovative approach enhances our understanding of reflectivity patterns and atmospheric interactions, bolstering advances in remote snowfall prediction.
Vertical Energy Fluxes Driven by the Interaction between Wave Groups and Langmuir Turbulence
Authors: Scully Malcolm E. , Zippel Seth F.
Published: April 2024

Data from an air–sea interaction tower are used to close the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget in the wave-affected surface layer of the upper ocean. Under energetic wind forcing with active wave breaking, the dominant balance is between the dissipation rate of TKE and the downward convergence in vertical energy flux. The downward energy flux is driven by pressure work, and the TKE transport is upward, opposite to the downgradient assumption in most turbulence closure models. The sign and the relative magnitude of these energy fluxes are hypothesized to be driven by an interaction between the vertical velocity of Langmuir circulation (LC) and the kinetic energy and pressure of wave groups, which is the result of small-scale wave–current interaction. Consistent with previous modeling studies, the data suggest that the horizontal velocity anomaly associated with LC refracts wave energy away from downwelling regions and into upwelling regions, resulting in negative covariance between the vertical velocity of LC and the pressure anomaly associated with the wave groups. The asymmetry between downward pressure work and upward TKE flux is explained by the Bernoulli response of the sea surface, which results in groups of waves having a larger pressure anomaly than the corresponding kinetic energy anomaly, consistent with group-bound long-wave theory.
How Being Inside or Outside of Buildings Affects the Causal Relationship between Weather and Pain among People Living with Chronic Pain
Authors: Little Claire L. , Schultz David M. , Yimer Belay B. , Beukenhorst Anna L.
Published: April 2024

Although many people believe their pain fluctuates with weather conditions, both weather and pain may be associated with time spent outside. For example, pleasant weather may mean that people spend more time outside doing physical activity and are exposed to the weather, leading to more (or less) pain, and poor weather or severe pain may keep people inside, sedentary, and not exposed to the weather. We conducted a smartphone study where participants with chronic pain reported daily pain severity, as well as time spent outside. We address the relationship between four weather variables (temperature, dewpoint temperature, pressure, and wind speed) and pain by proposing a three-step approach to untangle their effects: (i) propose a set of plausible directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) that account for potential roles of time spent outside (e.g., collider, effect modifier, mediator); (ii) analyze the compatibility of the observed data with the assumed model; and (iii) identify the most plausible model by combining evidence from the observed data and domain-specific knowledge. We found that the data do not support time spent outside as a collider or mediator of the relationship between weather variables and pain. On the other hand, time spent outside modifies the effect between temperature and pain, as well as wind speed and pain, with the effect being absent on days that participants spent inside and present if they spent some or all of the day outside. Our results show the utility of using directed acyclic graphs for studying causal inference.

Significance Statement

Three-quarters of people living with chronic pain believe that weather influences their pain. However, people staying inside would not be exposed to the weather outside, and good weather may mean that people are more active outside, leading to more or less pain. To obtain data to calculate how the amount of time spent outside affects the weather–pain relationship, we conducted a 15-month smartphone study collecting daily pain reports and nearby weather for nearly 5000 participants in the United Kingdom. We found that time spent outside modifies the relationship between temperature/wind speed and pain, showing the importance of accounting for other factors when investigating the association between weather and chronic pain, which could guide future research into pain mitigation and management.
Management of Choledocholithiasis in a Community Hospital: Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Versus Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: McNamee Molly M. , Stolz Michael P. , Harvell Robert Tyler , Staley Christopher A. , Green Emilie E. , Othman Hedaya D. , Gibson Brian H.
Published: April 2024

Background

Approximately 10% of intraoperative cholangiograms identify choledocholithiasis (CDL), stones in the common bile duct. Choledocholithiasis management options include endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) followed by ERCP (LC + ERCP), cholecystectomy with open common bile duct exploration, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LC + LCBDE). The goal of these interventions is to clear the obstruction from CDL.

Methods

Patients from a single-center community hospital undergoing LC with intraoperative cholangiogram (LC + IOC) progressing to LC + LCBDE from July 2020 to August 2022 were evaluated for hospital length of stay (LOS), operative times, and complications. These were compared to the prior standard practice of pre/post-operative ERCP.

Results

The results were evaluated using ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls, and chi square analysis. In comparison of LC + CBDE to ERCP + cholecystectomy, LOS was reduced (1.8 vs 4.6 days P < .0001). No difference in LOS between LC + IOC and LC + CBDE (1.4 vs 1.8 days, P > .05) was found. No difference in complication rates was found. Mean operative time differed between LC + IOC and LC + CBDE (63 vs 113 minutes, P < .0001). Fifty-five attempts of LC + CBDE were performed with only 10 requiring post-operative ERCP.

Discussion

Since implementation of LC + CBDE, there has been reduced LOS without increasing complication rates. Operative times are increased with LC + CBDE but offset by reduced LOS, additional anesthesia events, and procedures. Our institution will continue to pursue LC + CBDE when indicated with efforts to improve resource allocation.
5-year Follow-up of Reimplanted Parathyroid Glands in Forearm Subcutaneous Tissue During Thyroidectomy. A Confirmation of Graft Vitality in a Large Series of Patients
Authors: Lelli Giulio , Micalizzi Alessandra , Gurrado Angela , Bononi Marco , Iossa Angelo , De Angelis Francesco , Di Meo Diletta , Fassari Alessia , Testini Mario , Cavallaro Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The aim of this study is to assess the outcomes of parathyroid gland reimplantation with PR-FaST technique in patients undergoing thyroid surgery, focusing on graft functionality over a 5-year follow-up period.

Materials and Methods

We analyzed data from 131 patients who underwent parathyroid reimplantation using the PR-FaST technique during thyroid surgery due to inadvertent parathyroid removal or evident vascular damage. Postoperative evaluations included serum calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) analyses on the 1st and 2nd postoperative days, at 10 days, and at 1, 3, 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years of follow-up. Additionally, the mean values of serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentration were measured from blood samples collected from both the reimplanted arm (iPTH RA) and non-reimplanted arm (iPTH NRA) within the same period.

Results

Among 131 patients, at 10 days post-surgery, only 46 patients (35.1%) out of 131 exhibited graft viability (iPTH ratio >1.5). This percentage increased to 72.8% (94 patients) after 1 month and further to 87.8% (108 patients) after 3 months post-surgery. At 1 year, 84.7% of patients showed good graft functionality. After 5 years, the percentage remained stable, with graft viability observed in 81.3% of patients. Only 91 of the initial 131 patients completed follow-up up to 5 years, with a dropout rate of 30.5 %.

Conclusions

Parathyroid reimplantation using the PR-FaST technique is a viable option for patients undergoing thyroidectomy and has been shown to be a reproducible and effective technique in most patients, with sustained graft functionality and parathyroid hormone production over a 5-year follow-up period.
Youth Violence Does not Discriminate: Inclusive Violence Prevention Support Services Focused on Counseling and Peer Support are Essential for Youth and Young Adults
Authors: Puppalla Pravarakhya , Pick Carly , Graves Justin , Harfouche Melike
Published: April 2024

Background

Violence disproportionately affects individuals of low socioeconomic status, and rates of injury amongst youth and young adults (YYAs) are rising. Little is known about how the social needs of this high-risk subgroup compared to the overall violently injured population.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of an intake assessment of violently injured victims admitted to a level I trauma center (Jan 2022-Aug 2023). Data collected include race, age, mechanism of injury, and protective and predisposing factors for violent injury. We compared the risk factors of YYAs (=≤ 24 years) to those of adults (>24) and evaluated rates and types of violence prevention services requested by age group.

Results

Of 350 individuals surveyed, 94 (27%) were <= 24 years and 256 (73%) were >24 years. Younger patients were less likely to be male (77% vs 86%, P = .03) and experienced more firearm injury (76% vs 51%, P < .001). They reported less alcohol use (20% vs 38%, P < .001), similar rates of mental illness (25% vs 26%, P = .62), less housing instability (5% vs 22%, P < .001), and similar access to government benefits (20% vs 29%, P = .2) compared to the older cohort. Services were requested by 41% of the study population (N = 142); the younger cohort was 2.9 times more likely to request non-financial services ( P = .042).

Discussion

Violently injured youth and young adults (YYAs) experience disproportionately high rates of gun violence. Efforts should be made to prioritize legal, peer support, and mental health services over financial services for this population.
Timely Intelligence Enhances Criminal Investigations: Investigators’ Ratings of Ballistics Imaging Across Three Cities
Authors: Huff Jessica , King William R. , Katz Charles M. , Hipple Natalie Kroovand , Novak Kenneth J. , Patterson Silas
Published: April 2024

The National Integrated Ballistics Information Network (NIBIN), a database of ballistic evidence from crime scenes, seeks to provide investigative leads by linking separate offenses involving the same weapons. Using surveys about 570 gun crimes in Indianapolis, Kansas City, and Phoenix, we examine perceptions of NIBIN, and whether lead timeliness influences those perceptions. Detectives who receive NIBIN leads sooner after a crime occurs have significantly higher odds of reporting the lead as helpful. The predicted probability of a lead being perceived as helpful is 43.11% if received 30 days after a crime, but only 17.80% 1 year later. Leads were more helpful for robberies and homicides than other offenses. To maximize the utility of NIBIN, agencies should prioritize rapid evidence processing.
Latent Variable Forests for Latent Variable Score Estimation
Authors: Classe Franz , Kern Christoph
Published: April 2024

We develop a latent variable forest (LV Forest) algorithm for the estimation of latent variable scores with one or more latent variables. LV Forest estimates unbiased latent variable scores based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models with ordinal and/or numerical response variables. Through parametric model restrictions paired with a nonparametric tree-based machine learning approach, LV Forest estimates latent variable scores using models that are unbiased with respect to relevant subgroups in the population. This way, estimated latent variable scores are interpretable with respect to systematic influences of covariates without being biased by these variables. By building a tree ensemble, LV Forest takes parameter heterogeneity in latent variable modeling into account to capture subgroups with both good model fit and stable parameter estimates. We apply LV Forest to simulated data with heterogeneous model parameters as well as to real large-scale survey data. We show that LV Forest improves the accuracy of score estimation if parameter heterogeneity is present.
Misgendering, Cisgenderism and the Reproduction of the Gender Order in Social Interaction
Authors: Pino Marco , Edmonds David Matthew
Published: April 2024

This article investigates moments in social interaction where tacit processes of gender attribution become visible because they are temporarily disrupted and exposed through misgendering. Our data consist of publicly available audio and video-recorded cases of misgendering, mostly from UK and US contexts. Practices of misgendering embody assumptions that map people’s current gender onto their self-presentations and gender histories. Organisational features of social interaction facilitate the reproduction of these assumptions as taken-for-granted criteria for gender attribution. In the current climate of ‘gender panics’, the rise of a norm whereby people’s self-defined gender should be respected clashes against enduring assumptions that uphold a gender order grounded in cisgenderism. The exposure of gender assumptions in moments of misgendering presents a potential for social change, but this potential is also limited by practices that reproduce (rather than challenge) the dominant gender order.
Dynamic event-triggered H∞ control for switched linear systems with internal dynamic variable
Authors: Yu Yiman , Wang Yue-E , Wu Di
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the issue of observer-based [Formula: see text] control for a class of continuous-time-switched systems with a dynamic event-triggered strategy (DETS). First, we design a DETS that introduces an internal dynamic variable (IDV) into the event-triggered condition, which can improve data transmission efficiency and decrease the cost of the system operation by expanding the interevent intervals. Second, we establish a state observer based on the DETS and further construct an observer-based state feedback controller. It is worth noting that asynchronous switching may occur between the subsystems and the controllers under the DETS. Third, by utilizing novel Lyapunov-like functions (LLFs) with IDV and the signal-combining approach, sufficient conditions to ensure the [Formula: see text] performance of the closed-loop system are presented. Moreover, we verify that Zeno phenomenon does not exist. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by two examples.
Research on multi-objective optimization of building energy efficiency based on energy consumption and thermal comfort
Authors: Jun Hu , Fei Hu
Published: April 2024

Building design optimization (BDO) provides an approach for decreasing global energy consumption and achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. However, energy efficiency and comfort performance are two conflicting objectives when making optimal building design schemes. This study proposes a surrogate model-based multiple-objective optimization framework to balance the conflicting objectives and obtain an optimal design scheme for buildings. Firstly, an energy simulation model for generating energy consumption and design parameters is constructed, and the obtained data are utilized to train the surrogate model with the random forest (RF) algorithm. Then, multi-objective optimization algorithms are employed to generate a set of alternative plans for building schemes and determine the optimal building design solutions that can equilibrate the requirements for both energy conservation and building comfort. To verify the proposed optimization method in this paper, a residential building in Suzhou was selected as a case study. The study considered 10 building design parameters that are related to energy efficiency and thermal comfort. The results indicate that the RF surrogate model accurately predicts energy consumption, with a predicted MSE of 0.00012 and R2 of 0.99. In evaluating the Pareto set size, Pareto solution diversity, Pareto front proximity, and best solution quality, NSGA-II proved to be the most effective optimization algorithm for BDO problems. The final optimal solution of design parameters obtained by NSGA-II obviously improves the building performance of comfort and energy efficiency, and the results of the performance evaluation for different optimization algorithms provide guidance to make decisions on suitable algorithms and hyperparameter settings based on the greatest preference of the performance criteria. This study will help determine the best design options for buildings to achieve better energy efficiency in sustainable development and provide reference for similar projects.

Practical applications

This research makes valuable contributions in the following aspects:(a) It establishes a multi-objective optimization design model for a virtual building environment. This enables the visualization and digitization of the building model and further facilitates the transformation of the optimization model, thereby providing users with convenient decision-making tools; (b) The study provides designers and other stakeholders with comprehensive simulation-based analysis results and optimization techniques. These tools aid in making energy-saving multi-objective optimization decisions;(c) The research compares various optimization algorithms and presents their strengths and limitations, which will help designers select suitable algorithms based on practical requirements.
Policing Gender and Sexuality in High School Sports: The Mediating Impact of Hearing Anti-LGBTQ + Language on High School Athletes’ Self-Esteem Across Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, and Race
Authors: Wernick Laura J. , Tice-Brown Derek , Kluch Yannick , Newman Tarkington J. , Shute Lauren , Lerario Mackenzie P. , Harrison Jessica Vidette
Published: April 2024

Participation in sport is often assumed to promote the healthy development of youth. However, research suggests that gender and sexuality policing in sports negatively impacts the self-esteem of LGBTQ + youth. Using moderated mediation analyses, findings suggest that hyper-surveillance and policing of sexual and gender norms, specifically masculinity, through the use of anti-LGBTQ + language in sport not only marginalizes LGBTQ + individuals, but can harm all youth. Among straight cisgender youth, the conditional direct effect of playing sports on self-esteem was positive for only girls, across race, indicating a positive moderated mediation for girls. The positive effect of playing sports on self-esteem had a comparatively lower effect for white boys, when mediated by the frequency of hearing anti-LGBTQ + language. Implications are discussed.
Paralleling the Gay Man's Trauma: Monkeypox Stigma and the Mainstream Media
Authors: Grant Rachel , Halaly Alan
Published: April 2024

Mainstream media portrayed monkeypox as a sexually transmitted disease through government guidance and increased a sense of hypersexualization and stigma among gay men and men who have sex with men (MSM). The purpose of this study is to understand how the US mainstream media perpetuated stigma toward gay and bisexual men (MSM) in its coverage of monkeypox in 2022. This article, therefore, contributes to the fields of queer studies and health communication. Using discourse analysis, we found three discourses including: Global disparities, LGBTQ Behavior and Stigma, and Racialized Discussion of Health Disparities.
High-current gas tungsten arc welding of Ni-base superalloy Haynes 282: correlating heat input with weld profile, microstructure, hardness and indentation size effect
Authors: Athira K S , Chatterjee Subhradeep
Published: April 2024

Increasing the linear heat input during high-current gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) of Haynes 282 leads to a progressive change from conduction mode welding to one with keyhole formation. It coincides with changes in the melt pool geometry and spatial variation of microhardness in the heat affected zone (HAZ). The latter originates from heat input dependent changes in the heating/cooling rates which alter the dissolution/re-precipitation characteristics of fine grain boundary carbides. The load-dependence of microhardness of all weld zones is shown to follow a type-I indentation size effect (ISE). Nanoindentation experiments are carried out to quantify the ISE and extract local plastic properties, demonstrating a qualitatively different mechanical response of the FZ compared to the base metal and the HAZ.
Which strategy is better for lung transplantation: Cardiopulmonary bypass or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation?
Authors: Yang Jianbao , Xie Xinling , Li Jian , Li Yongnan , Li Bin , Wang Cheng , Jiang Peng
Published: April 2024

Background: In lung transplantation surgery, extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is essential for safety. Various support methods, including cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and off-pump techniques, are used, with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) gaining prominence. However, consensus on the best support strategy is lacking.

Purpose: This article reviews risks, benefits, and outcomes of different support strategies in lung transplantation. By consolidating knowledge, it aims to clarify selecting the most appropriate ECLS modality.

Research Design: A comprehensive literature review examined CPB, off-pump techniques, and ECMO outcomes in lung transplantation, including surgical results and complications.

Study Sample: Studies, including clinical trials and observational research, focused on ECLS in lung transplantation, both retrospective and prospective, providing a broad evidence base.

Data Collection and/or Analysis: Selected studies were analyzed for surgical outcomes, complications, and survival rates associated with CPB, off-pump techniques, and ECMO to assess safety and effectiveness.

Results: Off-pump techniques are preferred, with ECMO increasingly vital as a bridge to transplant, overshadowing CPB. However, ECMO entails hidden risks and higher costs. While safer than CPB, optimizing ECMO postoperative use and monitoring is crucial for success.

Conclusions: Off-pump techniques are standard, but ECMO's role is expanding. Despite advantages, careful ECMO management is crucial due to hidden risks and costs. Future research should focus on refining ECMO use and monitoring to improve outcomes, emphasizing individualized approaches for LT recipients.
Effects of exercise interventions on functioning and health-related quality of life following hospital discharge for recovery from critical illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Cazeta Bianca Bigogno Reis , de Queiroz Rodrigo Santos , Nacimento Tais Silva , Ferreira Beatriz Reis , Saquetto Micheli Bernardone , Martinez Bruno Prata , Carvalho Vitor Oliveira , Gomes-Neto Mansueto
Published: April 2024

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of exercise interventions on functioning and health-related quality of life following hospital discharge for recovery from critical illness.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.

Data sources

We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro data base, and SciELO (from the earliest date available to January 2023) for RCTs that evaluated the effects of physical rehabilitation interventions following hospital discharge for recovery from critical illness.

Review methods

Study quality was evaluated using the PEDro Scale. Mean differences (MDs), standard MDs (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results

Fourteen studies met the study criteria, including 1259 patients. Exercise interventions improved aerobic capacity SMD 0.2 (95% CI: 0.03–0.3, I2 = 0% N = 880, nine studies, high-quality evidence), and physical component score of health-related quality of life MD 3.3 (95% CI: 1.0–5.6, I2 = 57%, six studies N = 669, moderate-quality evidence). In addition, a significant reduction in depression was observed MD −1.4 (95% CI: −2.7 to −0.1, I2 = 0% N = 148, three studies, moderate-quality evidence). No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusion

Exercise intervention was associated with improvement of aerobic capacity, depression, and physical component score of health-related quality of life after hospital discharge for survivors of critical illness.