bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Відбір сортів картоплі з комплексною стійкістю до збудника раку Synchytrium endobioticum Schilbersky Perc.
Authors: Зеля А.Г. , Зеля Г.В. , Макар Т.Й. , Сонець Т.Д. , Києнко З.Б.
Published: May 2021

Мета. Оцінити та відібрати сорти картоплі україн- ської та іноземної селекції з комплексною стійкістю до всіх патотипів раку, що існують в Україні, та виділити стійкі сорти для занесення до Державного реєстру сортів рослин, придатних для поширення в Україні, які можна впровадити у вогнищах хвороби. Методи. У дослі- дження залучено 15 сортів картоплі: 5 сортів української селекції та 10 – іноземної. Оцінку селекційного матері- алу на стійкість до звичайного 1(D1) і агресивних пато- типів збудника раку картоплі проводили в лабораторних умовах Української науково-дослідної станції карантину рослин ІЗР НААН на штучному інфекційному фоні згідно з «Методикою оцінки та відбору селекційного матері- алу картоплі, стійкого до раку Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc., гармонізованою з вимогами ЄС» у лабо- раторних та польових умовах. Результати. У результаті проведених лабораторних та польових досліджень з оцінки та відбору сортів картоплі з комплексною стій- кістю до всіх патотипів раку відібрано три сорти кар- топлі української селекції: Родинна та Містерія селек- ції Інституту картоплярства НААН і Княжа селекції Львівського національного аграрного університету; три сорти картоплі Алюетт, Лаундин та Фонтане фірми «Агріко Б.В.», Нідерланди. Усі досліджувані сорти (100%) виявилися стійкими до звичайного патотипу; до 11 (Міжгірського) патотипу відібрано 66,6% стійких сортів; стійких до 13 (Рахівського) агресивного пато- типу виявлено 73,3%; до 18 (Ясінівського) – 80,0%; до 22 (Бистрецького) – 93,3%. Ураження позитивного кон- трольного сорту картоплі Поліська рожева у лаборатор- них та польових умовах становило 100%; негативного контрольного сорту Божедар – 0%. Висновки. Сорти картоплі, які не уразилися патотипами збудника раку, рекомендовано для занесення до Державного реєстру сортів рослин, придатних для поширення в Україні та для впровадження у вогнищах хвороби.
Формування листової поверхні та фотосинтетична діяльність рослин соняшника залежно від добрив і рістрегулюючих препаратів
Authors: Домарацький Є.О.
Published: May 2021

Мета полягає у науковому обґрунтуванні і встанов- ленні залежності формування площі листового апарату та фотосинтетичної діяльності рослин соняшника під впливом добрив і рістрегулюючих препаратів. Методи. Вихідними матеріалами для моделювання й прогнозу- вання були експериментальні дані польових дослідів, проведених в умовах Миколаївської області Єланецького району на ґрунтах – чорноземах звичайних малогумус- них з умістом гідролізованого нітрогену 1,5–1,8; легко- засвоюваного фосфору – 4,5–7,0 та обмінного калію – 12–15 мг/100 г ґрунту впродовж 2015–2017 рр. Дослід закладено за двохфакторною схемою, де фактором А виступав фон мінерального живлення (контрольна ділянка без внесення добрив; N30P45; N60P90), а фак- тором В – позакореневі підживлення рослин у фазу 6–8 справжніх листків препаратами Вуксал Мікроплант, Хелафіт Комбі та Фітомаре. Попередником для соняш- ника була пшениця озима. Результати. За результатами узагальнення багаторічних даних польових досліджень встановлено, що найменш сприятливим з украй низь- кою вологістю ґрунту і високим температурним режи- мом для вирощування культури був 2017 р., погодні умови 2015 і 2016 рр. є більш сприятливими. Тривалість періоду між початком формування кошика і цвітінням на контрольному варіанті становила у середньому 33 дні, а на варіанті з фоном добрив (N60P90) та із застосуванням препарату Хелафіт Комбі вона була на п’ять днів біль- шою. Установлено посилення прямої дії добрив і пре- паратів за рахунок пролонгації періоду. Щодо якісного показника – ЧПФ, то спостерігається зворотна залеж- ність: застосування добрив і препаратів зменшувало його значення. Так, без добрив середній рівень ЧПФ становив 3,09 г/м2 за добу, на фоні NзоР45 він зменшився на 8,1%, а на фоні N60P90 – на 10,1%. Уміст хлорофілу суттєво зростав під дією добрив і препаратів, макси- мального значення цього показника досягнуто за засто- сування препарату Фітомаре на фоні N60P90 – 8,97 мг/г сухої речовини, що на 73% більше, ніж на контроль- ному варіанті (без внесення добрив і без препаратів). Висновки. Добрива в поєднанні з багатофункціональ- ними препаратами мали істотний вплив на розмір площі листя і фотосинтетичний потенціал агроценозу. Останній зростає не лише завдяки площі листя, а й за рахунок пролонгації своєї діяльності. Позакореневі обробки рос- лин соняшника у фазу 6–8 справжніх листків рістрегу- люючими препаратами сприяли зміні не лише загаль- ного вмісту хлорофілу, а й його фракційного складу. За всіх випадків спостерігалося пріоритетне зростання вмісту фракції «а». Оптимальний підбір комбінованого багатофункціонального препарату може стати дієвим способом регулювання кількості хлорофілу і його фрак- ційного складу.
Вплив погодних умов та строків сівби на врожайність сортів ячменю озимого на зрошуваних землях Південного Степу України
Authors: Кисіль Л.Б. , Заєць С.О.
Published: May 2021

Мета. Дослідити вплив агрометеорологічних умові строків сівби на формування врожайності сортів ячменюозимого за вирощування на зрошуваних землях ПівдняУкраїни. Методи. Дослідження проводилися в Інститутізрошуваного землеробства НААН в 2016–2019 рр. заметодиками польових і лабораторних досліджень назрошуваних землях (ІЗЗ НААН, 2014). Технологія виро-щування ячменю озимого загальноприйнята для зро-шуваних умов зони. Результати. Установлено, що зароками досліджень агрометеорологічні умови весня-но-літнього періоду вегетації ячменю озимого помітнорізнилися. У 2017, 2018 і 2019 рр. за цей період темпе-ратура повітря була вищою на 1,5, 2,4 і 2,5 °С, а опадів випало відповідно на 19,1 і 26,4 мм менше та на80,7 мм більше за норму. За таких погодних умов сортиячменю озимого Академічний і Дев’ятий вал вищу вро-жайність формували за сівби 1 жовтня. У 2017 р. сівба1 жовтня порівняно з 20 жовтня підвищувала врожай-ність сорту Академічний на 13,3%, а Дев’ятий вал – на14,5%. В умовах 2018 р. на сорті Академічний різницябула ще більшою і становила 38,0%, а на Дев’ятомувалі – 11,1%. Найменшу різницю отримано у 2019 р., девона дорівнювала 8,5% на сорті Академічний і 4,9% наДев’ятому валі. Серед сортів вищою врожайністю зернавиділявся Дев’ятий вал – 6,83 т/га, що на 0,36 т/га вище,ніж на Академічному. Висновки. Погодні умови в рокипроведення досліджень по-різному впливали на строкисівби та врожаю зерна нових сортів ячменю озимого.Установлено, що найбільшу врожайність зерна сортиячменю озимого Академічний і Дев’ятий вал форму-вали за сівби 1 жовтня, що в середньому більше на 20%і 10%, ніж за сівби 20 жовтня. У середньому за три рокинайвищу врожайність 6,83 т/га забезпечував сорт-дво-ручка Дев’ятий вал.
Noticias y frames de salud en la televisión en México. Enfoque sobre contenidos y perspectiva de género
Authors: Ramírez Leyva Flor Micaela , Terrón Blanco José Luis , Castro Castañeda Remberto
Published: May 2021

Partiendo de aportes donde convergen comunicación, salud y género, se intenta esclarecer cómo se caracterizan las noticias y encuadres de salud en la televisión, atendiendo principalmente actores y acciones. El objetivo es observar la presencia institucional, la visibilidad y paridad según sexo y perspectiva de género. Mediante el análisis de contenido de 510 piezas de TV Azteca, Televisa y C7 –utilizando como herramienta el Análisis de Componentes Principales en SPSS– se encontró una presencia mayoritaria de actores políticos o del sistema sanitario, menor presencia de la mujer y la ausencia de perspectiva de género en las informaciones.
Students’ Viewpoint: Challenges and Preparation of Medical Students for Final Clinical Examination during COVID-19
Authors: Mohd Bakhit Nour Hanan Daniah , Muhammad Saifullah Ahmad Anwaar , Jailani Ruhi Fadzlyana
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the clinical attachment for medical students to be deferred in ensuring reduction of viral transmission.  Patients encounter was near impossible, thus suspending medical students’ clinical skills on real patients. Despite this, the final examination had to be conducted. Hence, appropriate planning was made to ensure candidates were well prepared. A paradigm shift was made by Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) with regards to the medical education delivery and the final undergraduate examination organization. The traditional in-person teaching and learning sessions were converted to video conferences and small group discussions to ensure social distancing. Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) consisting of sixteen manned and twenty unmanned stations were introduced to replace the conventional one long and three short cases clinical examinations. The pandemic became the biggest obstacle for the final year medical students physically and psychologically. Familiarisation with the new format of learning and examination has to be made within three months. Online learning materials became resourceful during revisions. Simulated OSCE conducted by the lecturers, were advantageous to the students in ensuring familiarity to the new examination technique. Role-plays involving students’ family members and colleagues as patients, aided the candidates to rehearse their physical examinations and history taking techniques. The intensive teaching and learning sessions have enabled the candidates to be equipped with the new examination requirement. Reflection: Generally, candidates favour OSCE over traditional clinical examinations. This preponderance was due to OSCE capability in assessing the entire aspects of knowledge and skills in variable rotations throughout medical school.
Tai Chi to Preserve General Health of Elderly during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zulkifli Nursyazwani Aimi , Syed Mohamad Sharifah Najwa , A Rashid Mohd Radzniwan , Syed Mohideen Fathima Begum
Published: May 2021

SARS-CoV-2 virus is more severe in the elderly and contributes to most death cases. This is postulated due to the presence of multiple comorbidities and age-related immunological changes like immunosenescence and inflameaging. Immunesenescence causes impaired viral clearance, while inflameaging causes exaggerated response inappropriate to stimuli that triggers life-threatening cytokine storm. Hence, home-isolation prevents infection among the elderly and this limits their physical activity. Sedentary lifestyle eventually worsens pre-existing chronic disease and increases the risk of acquiring a new one. Tai Chi is one of the exercises recommended for the elderly during home-isolation. This literature review aims to provide information regarding the groups suggested for Tai Chi, its benefits, as an exercise to be practiced by elderly to maintain general health during COVID-19 and adverse effects. Tai Chi is for those aged 50 years and above or individuals with certain chronic, degenerative or psychological conditions. The systemic benefits are reduction in blood pressure, improves lipid profile, reduction in bone loss and musculoskeletal improvements; whereas neurologically, it reduces cortical shrinkage and improves depression, anxiety and insomnia. Moreover, it induces immune-regulation, which leads to enhancement of the immune system and inhibition of age-related chronic inflammatory condition, inflameaging. These may be protective against severe COVID-19 illness yet further studies are warranted. The adverse effect includes minor musculoskeletal pain and aches. In conclusion, Tai Chi is an ideal exercise for the elderly to maintain health during this challenging pandemic. However, the elderly need to be guided for the proper technique to perform this exercise at home.
Consequences and Adaptations in Medical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Medical Students’ Perspective in a Malaysian Public Institution
Authors: Muhammad Saifullah Ahmad Anwaar , Mohd Bakhit Nour Hanan Daniah , Sanip Suhaila , Omar Mohd Rahman , Abdul Muna'aim Maimunah
Published: May 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become one of the most disastrous health crises

of the present world.

The COVID-19 pandemic imposes unprecedented challenges for medical education globally. We describe how the pandemic has disrupted the medical education landscape from the students' perspectives and how medical students from a public higher institution adapted to the changes made to comply with the various government agencies' guidelines to contain the spread of COVID-19 while fulfilling the course requirements. The utilisation of numerous innovative online applications enabled the students to participate in numerous teaching and learning activities (TLA) with more flexible scheduling of the classes, participated in a series of online case-based discussions, clinical practice guideline (CPG) discussions, case presentations and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) simulations. Students also joined TLAs conducted by other institutions both locally and abroad. In addition, students had collaborated among themselves and students from other institutions to conduct online peer-teaching activities. Perhaps, the main challenges for online classes were being unable to perform medical procedures and technical issues, commonly the poor internet connectivity. In regard to physical examinations, students performed it on members of their household instead of real patients. Learning medicine from a distance also gave us an opportunity to

taste telemedicine which may be the future of medical practice. Students and academics should be adaptive, resourceful and resilient in facing these changes together. The institution needs to look at all stakeholders' perspectives to respond to the changes in the medical education landscape.
综合防治水技术在煤矿开采中的应用
Authors: 江 军
Published: May 2021

煤炭资源的使用，在我国占据着重要的地位，但是在进行开采的过程中，经常因为部分客观因素而让整体工作都受到延误，如经常发生的水害，对煤矿工作的正常开展产生阻碍。基于此，文中重点分析了综合防治水技术的重要性，与水害的常见类型，讲述了在开采过程中该技术的使用，并细致阐述了如何将其不断优化，供参考。
小区海绵城市改造施工管理探析
Authors: 曾 德才 , 吕 雪芳 , 王 修俭
Published: May 2021

为了改善国民的生活环境，提升人民的幸福生活指数，国家近年来对环境保护的愈加重视，监督力度也日益加大，对环保的标准、要求也逐步提高。鉴于很多城市在雨水充沛季节出现严重的内涝等情况，城市及乡郊区域，水环境恶化也越来越严重，给居民生活产生了严重影响，国家加大投资对城市小区进行海绵改造，利用海绵对改善水循环的作用，以期缓解城市内涝。本篇文章从海绵城市改造的意义、施工特点、施工管理措施三个方面对小区海绵城市改造施工管理中存在的一些问题进行探析，并提出施工管理建议。
工业厂房建筑结构优化设计与施工
Authors: 杨 光辉
Published: May 2021

近几年来，随着科学技术的不断进步和迅猛发展，智能化的建筑在城市的发展和建设中逐步得到广泛的应用，这是新时期城市未来发展的一个必然趋势，也是人们对建筑工程项目建设的更高要求。智能建筑设计相对于传统意义上的普通建筑工程项目而言，在技术上具有较大的复杂性和可变性，以往的工程项目结构设计方法已经不能满足新时代智能建筑的发展需要。这时，要想进一步的提高智能大厦的整体质量，保证它在城市发展和建设过程中发挥更大的、更积极的作用，就必须根据实际需要及时优化和丰富建筑结构设计，这也是促进经济社会稳定与发展的重要途径和手段。
监理在全过程咨询里面的业务能力提升
Authors: 宋 潇
Published: May 2021

文章首先简要阐述了我国工程监理行业的实际发展情况，进而分别从加强理论研究、优化组织结构、优化人才队伍、拓展业务范围、应用信息技术以及经验累积六个方面分析如何实现监理在全过程咨询里面的业务能力提升。
道路桥梁工程中的伸缩缝施工技术分析
Authors: 扶 庭阳
Published: May 2021

随着社会经济的飞速发展，我国在市政工程方面取得了显著成绩。桥梁工程是市政工程中重要组成部分，工程项目建成后都会面临气候和荷载变化而引起的变形问题，伸缩缝的设置和应用能够使工程项目适应气候和荷载的变化，尤其在道路桥梁工程中伸缩缝起到了较为重要的作用。研究伸缩缝施工技术可以提升桥梁建设的质量，科学地解决变形问题保障人民的出行安全及桥梁的使用寿命。文中重点阐述了伸缩缝在道路桥梁施工过程中的应用技术措施。
Theoretical and applied aspects of library automation: Analyzing Russian Science Citation Index
Authors: Merkulova A. Sh.
Published: May 2021

The 20-year document flow in library automation is analyzed based on the Russian Science Citation Index. The study goal was to evaluate the state of library automation as reflected in the document flow in library and information studies. The stages of library automation are specified; selection principles for related publications retrieval and analysis are characterized. The dynamics and statistical data of the dataflow are presented; sustainable interest toward the problem is revealed. Based on the 2- and 5-year impact factor, 10 most productive journals on the subject are identified, among them “Scientific and technical libraries” and “Bibliotekovedenie” [Russian journal of Library Science] journals. Organizations leading in library automation are introduced. The sectoral and content structures of the array of interest are characterized; the current trends in library automation related to expanding ALIS functionality and implementation of information and communication technologies are identified. The ranked list of publications on individual automated library and information systems is included.
Residência multiprofissional em saúde: As relações profissionais do enfermeiro-preceptor com os demais atores sociais
Authors: Silva Verônica Caé da , Viana Ligia de Oliveira , Rasche Alexandra Schmitt , Aperibense Pacita Geovana Gama de Sousa
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: descrever o relacionamento profissional dos atores sociais da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (RMS) com o enfermeiro-preceptor. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, do tipo estudo de caso único. O cenário foi o Instituto de Atenção à Saúde São Francisco de Assis da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (HESFA/UFRJ) que possui dois Programas de RMS: Saúde da Mulher (RMS-SM) e Saúde da Família e Comunidade (RMS-SFC).  Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevista, observação e análise documental. Participaram do estudo 46 profissionais. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/HESFA/ UFRJ sob o número de Parecer: 776.075 e de CAAE: 34835714.0.0000.5238. Resultados: As atividades que os tutores, docentes, preceptores, coordenadores e residentes (atores sociais) desenvolveram junto ao enfermeiro-preceptor foram distintas visando principalmente à garantia do funcionamento dos programas. Os atores sociais descreveram sua relação profissional na residência junto ao enfermeiro-preceptor, com maior ou menor aproximação, dependendo da função que desempenhavam. Conclusão: Destaca-se a importância da construção de um trabalho coletivo e colaborativo para mudanças efetivas nas práticas dos cenários de saúde, estreitando os vínculos interprofissionais entre todos os protagonistas da RMS.
Orexin affects dorsal root ganglion neurons: a mechanism for regulating the spinal nociceptive processing
Authors: Yan J-A , Ge L , Huang W , Song B , Chen X-W , Yu Z-P
Published: May 2021

Orexins (orexin A and B) are initially known to be a
hypothalamic peptide critical for feeding and normal wakefulness.
In addition, emerging evidence from behavioral tests suggests
that orexins are also involved in the regulation of nociceptive
processing, suggesting a novel potential therapeutic approach for
pain treatment. Both spinal and supraspinal mechanisms appear
to contribute to the role of orexin in nociception. In the spinal
cord, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons are primary afferent
neurons that transmit peripheral stimuli to the pain-processing
areas. Morphological results show that both orexin A and orexin1 receptor are distributed in DRG neurons. Moreover, by using
whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and calcium imaging
measurements we found that orexin A induced excitability and
intracellular calcium concentration elevation in the isolated rat
DRG neurons, which was mainly dependent on the activation of
spinal orexin-1 receptor. Based on these findings, we propose a
hypothesis that the direct effect of orexin A on DRG neurons
would represent a possible mechanism for the orexinergic
modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission.
TRAINING USING GOOGLE MEET FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Gustiana Gustiana
Published: May 2021

This Covid outbreak greatly affects the educational factor that supports the 4.0 revolution era by bringing changes in learning in Indonesia. Distance learning (PJJ) which will be used by teachers using the google meet ceiling as an alternative that can be provided by the principal in improving learning in the classroom. Increasing the ability of teachers is inseparable from the role of a school principal by providing various trainings that are able to be followed by teachers. This study uses the action research method using 2 cycles of enforcement with 11 teachers with the results of the research on the ability of teachers to make applications of 63 qualifications for success is quite good, while in the second cycle with an average of 80 with good qualifications of success category. Whereas in the teacher's ability to implement google meet in learning in cycle I with an average of 65 with good success qualifications, in cycle II with an average of 80.5 with a good category. So it can be concluded that the ability of teachers has increased at the level of teacher ability with the holding of training.
El arte como mecanismo de regulación emocional en jóvenes víctimas de conflicto armado
Authors: Guanumen Niño Julián David
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación es evaluar el efecto de un programa de arte y regulación emocional con jóvenes víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano a través de un taller de prevención sobre problemas emocionales y psicológicos a partir de técnicas artísticas. Se seleccionaron dos grupos, uno experimental (GE) y otro de control (GC); a ambos se les aplicó la escala TMMS-24 (esta escala evalúa 3 dimensiones: Percepción, Comprensión y Regulación emocional) como medida de pretest y pos test, con el fin de valorar las diferencias en cada uno de ellos. Se concluyó que las acciones de prevención lograron en los participantes una sensibilización inicial en la percepción de sus emociones.
Modelos mentales sobre el clima escolar: estudio con docentes y estudiantes de básica primaria
Authors: Gómez Galvis John Faber
Published: May 2021

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre modelos mentales de clima escolar en docentes y estudiantes de básica primaria de una institución educativa pública. El objetivo del estudio fue comprender la estructura de los modelos mentales identificando en ellos los componentes con más influencia. Fue un estudio cualitativo con alcance comprensivo que empleó la etnografía cognitiva a través del taller investigativo, el grupo focal y la entrevista semiestructurada. Los participantes fueron 5 estudiantes de grado quinto de primaria y 5 docentes de primaria. Se identificaron modelos mentales en los estudiantes con factores como relaciones interpersonales, normas de aula, solución de conflictos escolares, autoridad del docente y vinculación de la familia. En los docentes se identificaron modelos mentales relacionados con la autoridad docente, las relaciones escolares, metodologías para la convivencia, percepción sobre la planta física, la familia y la percepción sobre lo laboral. Se encontró que los modelos mentales están compuestos por componentes que hacen referencia al comportamiento de los actores educativos para tener un clima escolar positivo.
Estrés laboral en docentes de un Centro Educativo rural en Pasto
Authors: Matabanchoy Johana Madelyn , Paz Daniela , Matabanchoy Sonia Maritza , Jaramillo Corrales María Alejandra
Published: May 2021

El estrés laboral se ha constituido en una de las prioridades a nivel mundial y así como también para la Psicología de la Salud Ocupacional (PSO) puesto que las características personales son relevantes entre los factores laborales y las consecuencias en la salud (Hermosa & Perilla, 2015), del cual, se generan diferentes consecuencias (físicas, psicológicas, sociales) ante las exigencias laborales percibidas como desbordantes en los recursos de afrontamiento y la oportunidad de promover y desarrollar procesos investigativos en contexto rural, del cual se ha evidenciado una baja incidencia de estudios articulados al estrés laboral. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los estresores organizacionales y extra-laborales describiendo además las consecuencias psicológicas en docentes del área rural del Municipio de San Juan de Pasto. A partir de un estudio mixto secuencial explicativo, de diseño muestral tipo censo; procediendo para la fase cuantitativa, se aplicó la escala para la evaluación de estrés laboral EEEL (Molina & Mora, 2017) y para la fase cualitativa se implementó la técnica de grupo focal. Al respecto, se evidencia que el 80% de los docentes puntuaron un nivel alto de estrés y nivel de estrés, así como también los factores de entorno de trabajo y condiciones de trabajo. Desde la integración de los resultados, se caracterizan los estresores laborales del Centro Educativo Municipal (estresores organizacionales y estresores extra-laborales). Concluyendo que los procesos de identificación de riesgo psicosocial en instituciones rurales, así como también de las consecuencias articuladas permiten la construcción de procesos de prevención, intervención y seguimiento contextualizado a las dinámicas de la institución educativa, así como también la oportunidad de escenarios de promoción de la salud mental laboral.
Escalas de Cultura de Dorfman y Howell. Análisis de Invarianza Factorial Progresiva
Authors: Didier Pino Nicolás Osvaldo , Luna Juan Francisco
Published: May 2021

Uno de los modelos teóricos más influyentes en la investigación transcultural es el desarrollado por Geert Hofstede, que originalmente consideraba cuatro dimensiones con las cuales se podía comparar diferentes culturas nacionales. Este modelo se basaba en las atribuciones y percepciones de los sujetos en relación a la cultura donde se desenvolvían, sin ser focalizado su modelo de medida en situaciones específicas como la pertenencia a una determinada organización o las creencias individuales. Dorfman y Howell (1988) elaboran una versión para las escalas de Hofstede para incluir el dominio organizacional en las respuestas, como forma de dar cuenta de la cultura laboral. Estas escalas han sido difundidas y utilizadas ampliamente dentro de la comunidad de investigación transcultural, sin presentarse un análisis en profundidad de la calidad de medida de tales escalas. Este artículo se aboca en presentar los resultados del análisis de la invarianza factorial de las escalas, considerando las cuatro dimensiones originales de Hofstede, a través del análisis factorial progresivo considerando los tres pasos de restricciones respecto de los resultados.
Rhizosphere Effects of Maize and Wheat Increase Soil Organic and Inorganic Carbon Release in Carbonate-Rich Soils: A Three-Source 13C Partitioning Study
Authors: Sun Zhaoan , Zhu Biao , Wang Fang , He Minyi , Meng Fanqiao
Published: May 2021

In carbonate-rich soils with plants, CO2 emissions from the rhizosphere may come from as many as three sources, that is, root-derived respiration, decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC), and dissolution of soil inorganic carbon (SIC), so partitioning of CO2 emissions by source is important to accurately quantify the rhizosphere effect (RE). Because of limited methods for three-source partitioning of soil CO2, how living roots affect SOC and SIC release (RE) has not yet been clarified, and this urgently needs to be evaluated. In this study, the RE of summer maize and winter wheat on SOC decomposition and SIC dissolution was investigated at three phenological stages in pot experiments with the aid of 13CO2 pulse labeling combined with 13C natural abundance techniques. We found that the contribution of SIC dissolution to CO2 emissions from unplanted soils ranged from 25 to 44%. As crop growth progressed, the maize rhizosphere effect on SOC- and SIC-derived CO2 emissions increased from 14 and 74% at the elongation stage to 84 and 268% at the grain filling stage compared to that in unplanted soils, respectively, while the wheat rhizosphere effect on SOC- and SIC-derived CO2 emissions increased from 51 and 34% at the elongation stage to 77 and 76% at the grain filling stage. We concluded that the rhizosphere effects increased SOC and SIC release over the entire growing season of maize (by 54% for SOC and 159% for SIC) and wheat (by 64 and 49%) compared to those in unplanted soils, indicating that ignoring SIC dissolution in carbonate-rich soils with plants will result in overestimation of SOC decomposition.
Environmental Factors Associated With Loa loa Microfilaria Prevalence and Intensity in Diverse Bioecological Zones of Cameroon
Authors: Badia-Rius Xavier , Betts Hannah , Wanji Samuel , Molyneux David , Taylor Mark J. , Kelly-Hope Louise A.
Published: May 2021

Loiasis (African Eye Worm) is a filarial infection caused by Loa loa and transmitted by Chrysops vectors, which are confined to the tropical rainforests of Central and West Africa. Loiasis is a major impediment to control and elimination programmes that use the drug ivermectin due to the risk of serious adverse events. There is an urgent need to better refine and map high-risk communities. This study aimed to quantify and predict environmental factors associated with loiasis across five bioecological zones in Cameroon. The L. loa microfilaria (mf) prevalence (%) and intensity (mf number/ml) data from 42 villages within an Equatorial Rainforest and Savannah region were examined in relation to climate, topographic and forest-related data derived from satellite remote sensing sources. Differences between zones and regions were examined using nonparametric tests, and the relationship between L. loa mf prevalence, mf intensity, and the environmental factors using polynomial regression models. Overall, the L. loa mf prevalence was 11.6%, L. loa intensity 927.4 mf/ml, mean annual temperature 23.7°C, annual precipitation 2143.2 mm, elevation 790 m, tree canopy cover 46.7%, and canopy height 19.3m. Significant differences between the Equatorial Rainforest and Savannah region were found. Within the Equatorial Rainforest region, no significant differences were found. However, within the Savannah region, significant differences between the three bioecological zones were found, and the regression models indicated that tree canopy cover and elevation were significant predictors, explaining 85.1% of the L. loa mf prevalence (adjusted R2 = 0.851; p<0.001) and tree cover alone was significant, explaining 58.1% of the mf intensity (adjusted R2 = 0.581; p<0.001). The study highlights that environmental analysis can help delineate risk at different geographical scales, which may be practical for developing larger scale operational plans for mapping and implementing safe effective interventions.
Sea Level Projections From IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere Call for a New Climate Adaptation Strategy in the Skagerrak-Kattegat Seas
Authors: Su Jian , Andrée Elin , Nielsen Jacob W. , Olsen Steffen M. , Madsen Kristine S.
Published: May 2021

Denmark has a long, complex coastline, connecting the North Sea in the west to the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea in the east, via the Skagerrak-Kattegat Seas. Historical sea level records indicate that relative sea level (RSL) has been increasing along the Danish North Sea coast, south of Skagerrak, following the global mean sea level (GMSL) rise. In the central Skagerrak-Kattegat Seas, RSL rise has been practically absent, due to the GMSL rise being off-set by the Fennoscandian post-glacial land-uplift. The new IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) reported that under RCP8.5 GMSL will increase more than the previous estimates in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) at the end of twenty-first century due to Antarctic ice sheet dynamics. We performed a regionalization of the SROCC sea level projections for the “Danish Climate Atlas” dataset, a nation-wide climate adaptation dataset based on IPCC and various national and international databases. In these complementary datasets, important local data have been considered, which have not been included in the IPCC SROCC GMSL rise estimates, i.e., more precise national-wide land-rise prediction and sets of sea level fingerprints. Our results indicate that sea level projections under RCP8.5 results in a > 40 cm RSL rise at the end of the twenty-first century in the Skagerrak-Kattegat Seas, which might call for a new adaptation strategy in this region. The rate of mean sea level rise will exceed the rate of the land-rise earlier than the previous estimates by AR5 under the RCP8.5 scenario. In particular, we stress how these new estimates will affect future extreme sea levels in this region. Based on our results, we suggest this more recent GMSL projection needs to be considered in coastal risk assessments in the Skagerrak-Kattegat Seas also in this century.
Pharmacological Modulators of Small GTPases of Rho Family in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Guiler William , Koehler Addison , Boykin Christi , Lu Qun
Published: May 2021

Classical Rho GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, are members of the Ras small GTPase superfamily and play essential roles in a variety of cellular functions. Rho GTPase signaling can be turned on and off by specific GEFs and GAPs, respectively. These features empower Rho GTPases and their upstream and downstream modulators as targets for scientific research and therapeutic intervention. Specifically, significant therapeutic potential exists for targeting Rho GTPases in neurodegenerative diseases due to their widespread cellular activity and alterations in neural tissues. This study will explore the roles of Rho GTPases in neurodegenerative diseases with focus on the applications of pharmacological modulators in recent discoveries. There have been exciting developments of small molecules, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and natural products and toxins for each classical Rho GTPase category. A brief overview of each category followed by examples in their applications will be provided. The literature on their roles in various diseases [e.g., Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Multiple sclerosis (MS)] highlights the unique and broad implications targeting Rho GTPases for potential therapeutic intervention. Clearly, there is increasing knowledge of therapeutic promise from the discovery of pharmacological modulators of Rho GTPases for managing and treating these conditions. The progress is also accompanied by the recognition of complex Rho GTPase modulation where targeting its signaling can improve some aspects of pathogenesis while exacerbating others in the same disease model. Future directions should emphasize the importance of elucidating how different Rho GTPases work in concert and how they produce such widespread yet different cellular responses during neurodegenerative disease progression.
Inflammatory Immune Cytokine TNF-α Modulates Ezrin Protein Activation via FAK/RhoA Signaling Pathway in PMVECs Hyperpermeability
Authors: Zhou Qun , Jiang Jianjun , Chen Guanjun , Qian Cheng , Sun Gengyun
Published: May 2021

Background: One of the important pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the dysfunction of pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier induced by a hyperinflammatory immune response. However, the potential mechanisms of such an imbalance in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) are not yet understood.

Purpose: Explore the molecular mechanism of endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by inflammatory immune cytokines in ARDS, and find a therapeutic target for this syndrome.

Methods: Rat PMVECs were cultured to form a monolayer. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and Western blotting were selected to detect the distribution and the expression level of phosphorylated Ezrin protein and Ezrin protein. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and transendothelial fluxes of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) were utilized to measure the permeability of the cell monolayer. Ezrin short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and Ezrin 567-site threonine mutant (EzrinT567A) were used to examine the role of Ezrin protein and phosphorylated Ezrin protein in endothelial response induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively. The function of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) signaling pathways were estimated by inhibitors and RhoA/FAK shRNA in TNF-α-stimulated rat PMVECs. The activation of FAK and RhoA was assessed by Western blotting or pull-down assay plus Western blotting.

Results: The TER was decreased after TNF-α treatment, while the Ezrin protein phosphorylation was increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylated Ezrin protein was localized primarily at the cell periphery, resulting in filamentous actin (F-actin) rearrangement, followed by a significant decrease in TER and increase in fluxes of FITC-BSA. Moreover, FAK and RhoA signaling pathways were required in the phosphorylation of Ezrin protein, and the former positively regulated the latter.

Conclusion: The phosphorylated Ezrin protein was induced by TNF-α via the FAK/RhoA signaling pathway leading to endothelial hyperpermeability in PMVECs.
A Review of COVID-19 Mass Testing in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Hosani Farida , Al-Mazrouei Shereena , Al-Memari Shammah , Al-Yafei Zain , Paulo Marília Silva , Koornneef Erik
Published: May 2021

Appropriate diagnostic testing to identify persons infected with SARS-COV-2 is a vital part of a health system's ability to control the global pandemic of COVID-19 disease. The primary purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the mass testing strategy implemented throughout the UAE and the overall impact it has made on containing and controlling the spread of the disease. This study describes the mass testing strategy and capacity of the UAE during the pandemic of the new coronavirus SARS-COV-2. The UAE has conducted 15 million polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to SARS-COV-2, as of 15 November 2020. The number of tests per day varied from 10,000 by the end of March to 120,000 tests per day in November 2020. The mass testing initiative across the entire UAE forms an integral part of a bigger strategy focusing on testing, tracing contacts and isolating positive cases.
Laparoscopic vs. Open Repair Surgery for the Treatment of Communicating Hydrocele in Children: A Retrospective Study From a Single Center
Authors: Liu Jie , Tang Rui , Wang Xiao , Sui Bangzhi , Jin Zhiyuan , Xu Xudong , Zhu Qinghua , Chen Jin , Ma Honglong , Duan Guangqi
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study evaluated the outcomes of laparoscopic repair (LR) and open repair (OR) surgery for communicating hydrocele in children.

Patients and Methods: We collected the clinical data and follow-up data of all boys (<14 years) who underwent communicating hydrocele surgery in the pediatric surgery department at Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2017 to December 2018 and retrospectively analyzed the data.

Results: In this study, 155 patients were retrospectively enrolled, including 90 patients in the OR group and 65 patients in the LR group. There were significant differences in operation time and the recurrence of hydrocele between the two groups. The persistence of scrotal swelling in the LR group was significantly lower than that in the OR group. There was no significant difference in postoperative hospitalization time or incision infection rate between the two groups.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows that laparoscopic treatment of children with communicating hydrocele has the advantages of a hidden incision, a shortened operation time, and a reduced postoperative recurrence rate and can be used as the preferred surgical method. However, laparoscopic treatment should be selected according to the specific condition of each child and cannot completely replace traditional open surgery.
Nipple Hibernoma in a Dog: A Case Report With Literature Review
Authors: Amorim Irina , Faria Fatima , Taulescu Marian , Taulescu Cristina , Gärtner Fatima
Published: May 2021

This report provides a clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical description of an unusual hibernoma (pale cell variant) in the subepidermal area of the nipple of a six-year-old bitch. Furthermore, an extensive literature review of hibernomas in animals was made. Physical examination revealed a nodular lesion in the subepidermal area of the third nipple of the left mammary chain. The histopathological findings included lobules of round to oval cells with abundant pale to eosinophilic cytoplasm, containing one or multiple optically empty vacuoles, consistent with nipple hibernoma. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and p53 but showed strong immunoreaction for vimentin and uncoupling protein-1, thus confirming the brown adipose tissue origin. Local recurrence was not detected after 18 months of follow-up. Hibernomas are rare and benign neoplastic lesions, originating from brown adipose tissue. Due to their histological and molecular resemblance with liposarcoma, a correct diagnosis of these neoplasms is required. In addition, the literature review suggests that hibernomas may present different features, according to species.
The Market for Bidis, Smokeless Tobacco, and Cigarettes in India: Evidence From Semi-Urban and Rural Areas in Five States
Authors: Welding Kevin , Iacobelli Michael , Saraf Sejal , Smith Katherine Clegg , Puntambekar Namrata , Gupta Prakash C. , Cohen Joanna E.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Compare the brand availability, pricing and presence of illicit products in semi-urban and rural areas in India across product types and states.

Methods: In late 2017, 382 unique tobacco products were purchased from localities with populations under 50,000 in the states of Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. Brand, printed maximum retail price, price paid, tax, and health warning labels (HWLs) were used to compare the market for bidis, smokeless tobacco (SLT), and cigarettes.

Results: Brand availability and pricing of SLT products was similar to cigarettes. Brand availability and pricing of bidis was consistent with having many small producers. Bidis and single serving SLT with spice mixtures were more affordable than cigarettes and SLT sold alone. 2% of SLT and 10% of cigarettes did not feature an India HWL.

Conclusion: The elimination of single serving SLT packets and the removal of tax exemptions for small producers, often exploited by bidi producers, could reduce their respective affordability. State differences in illegal and illicit products could indicate a greater need for enforcement in some states.
Predicting the Evolution of Syntenies—An Algorithmic Review
Authors: El-Mabrouk Nadia
Published: May 2021

Syntenies are genomic segments of consecutive genes identified by a certain conservation in gene content and order. The notion of conservation may vary from one definition to another, the more constrained requiring identical gene contents and gene orders, while more relaxed definitions just require a certain similarity in gene content, and not necessarily in the same order. Regardless of the way they are identified, the goal is to characterize homologous genomic regions, i.e., regions deriving from a common ancestral region, reflecting a certain gene co-evolution that can enlighten important functional properties. In addition of being able to identify them, it is also necessary to infer the evolutionary history that has led from the ancestral segment to the extant ones. In this field, most algorithmic studies address the problem of inferring rearrangement scenarios explaining the disruption in gene order between segments with the same gene content, some of them extending the evolutionary model to gene insertion and deletion. However, syntenies also evolve through other events modifying their content in genes, such as duplications, losses or horizontal gene transfers, i.e., the movement of genes from one species to another. Although the reconciliation approach between a gene tree and a species tree addresses the problem of inferring such events for single-gene families, little effort has been dedicated to the generalization to segmental events and to syntenies. This paper reviews some of the main algorithmic methods for inferring ancestral syntenies and focus on those integrating both gene orders and gene trees.
Biomechanical Comparison of a Novel Implant and Commercial Fixation Devices for AO/OTA 43-C1 Type Distal Tibial Fracture
Authors: Wang Shun-Ping , Lin Kun-Jhih , Hsu Cheng-En , Chen Chao-Ping , Shih Cheng-Min , Lin Kang-Ping
Published: May 2021

This study compares the novel Asia Distal Lateral Tibial Locking Plate mechanical stability to that of the current anterolateral and medial tibial plates based on finite element analysis. Four-part fracture fragment model of the distal tibia was reconstructed using CAD software. A load was applied to simulate the swing phase of gait. The implant stress and the construct stiffness were compared. The results of the anterolateral plate and the medial plate were similar and the displacement values were determined lower than those in the medial plate. In the simulated distal tibia fracture, the Aplus Asia Distal Lateral Tibial Locking Plate and medial distal tibial plate tibia fixations will lead to a stiffer bone-implant construct compared to the anterolateral distal tibial plate. Moreover, the stress in the Aplus Asia Distal Lateral Tibial Locking Plate was lower than those for the medial distal tibial plate and anterolateral bone plates. The Aplus Asia Distal Lateral Tibial Locking Plate has better stabilization and is an anterolateral plate that avoids more soft tissue damage than other bone plates. The Aplus Asia Distal Lateral Tibial Locking Plate could be one of a suitable design in tibia distal fracture fixation.
Diagnostic Performance of PI-RADS v2, Proposed Adjusted PI-RADS v2 and Biparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prostate Cancer Detection: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Cai Guan-Hui , Yang Qi-Hua , Chen Wen-Bo , Liu Qing-Yu , Zeng Yu-Rong , Zeng Yu-Jing
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2, proposed adjustments to PI-RADS v2 (PA PI-RADS v2) and biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prostate cancer detection. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 224 patients with suspected prostate cancer was included from January 2016 to November 2018. All the patients underwent a multi-parametric MR scan before biopsy. Two radiologists independently evaluated the MR examinations using PI-RADS v2, PA PI-RADS v2, and a biparametric MRI protocol, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the three different protocols were drawn. Results: In total, 90 out of 224 cases (40.18%) were pathologically diagnosed as prostate cancer. The area under the ROC curves (AUC) for diagnosing prostate cancers by biparametric MRI, PI-RADS v2, and PA PI-RADS v2 were 0.938, 0.935, and 0.934, respectively. For cancers in the peripheral zone (PZ), the diagnostic sensitivity was 97.1% for PI-RADS v2/PA PI-RADS v2 and 96.2% for biparametric MRI. Moreover, the specificity was 84.0% for biparametric MRI and 58.0% for PI-RADS v2/PA PI-RADS v2. For cancers in the transition zone (TZ), the diagnostic sensitivity was 93.4% for PA PI-RADS v2 and 88.2% for biparametric MRI/PI-RADS v2. Furthermore, the specificity was 95.4% for biparametric MRI/PI-RADS v2 and 78.0% for PA PI-RADS v2. Conclusions: The overall diagnostic performance of the three protocols showed minimal differences. For lesions assessed as being category 3 using the biparametric MRI protocol, PI-RADS v2, or PA PI-RADS v2, it was thought prostate cancer detection could be improved. Attention should be paid to false positive results when PI-RADS v2 or PA PI-RADS v2 are used.