bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inventory: The pesticides application and its risk assessment in the irrigated perimeter of Tadla-Morocco
Authors: Hafiane Fatima Zahra , Bouzaidi Hind El , Nouayti Nordine , Tahri Latifa , Jarmouni Mohamed El , Didi Salahdine , Fekhaoui Mohammed
Published: July 2021

The industrialization of the agricultural sector increases the use of pesticides, which are composed of chemical substances, such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, and rodenticides, that are adapted to the control of undesirable plants and animals. All these phytosanitary products have varying degrees of toxicity, which risks human life. This study aimed to make an inventory of the pesticides used in the irrigated perimeter of Beni Moussa and Beni Aamir in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region. The data collection through questionnaires took place between January and February 2016 and covered all the study areas. The questionnaires are focused on the mode of packaging management, sale and purchase of pesticides. The results demonstrated the existence of different pesticides and active substances used for crop protection in the region. Among 63 molecules, 14 active substances were detected, where the active substances are not approved by the world health organization, which considers it as carcinogenic substances. During phytosanitary treatments by farmers, these active substances come into direct contact with the soil, presenting a permanent risk to the environmental compartments, including groundwaters.
Estimation methodology and the significance of the atmospheric water exchange flux in the river-lake systems of selected lobelia lakes in the vicinity of the Tri-City in Poland
Authors: Markowski Maciej , Golus Włodzimierz
Published: July 2021

The article aims to present the methodology of estimating the atmospheric water exchange components in the lake. In the absence of direct precipitation and evaporation measurements, these water balance elements need to be estimated. However, the inadequate selection of precipitation and evaporation estimation methods causes the incorrect determination of the hydrological function of the lake and the effect it has on the formation of river drainage. Determination of the evaporation from the lake’s surface was based on the Davidov formula, which considered the monthly average surface temperature of a given lake. The saturated water vapour pressure under the lake’s monthly mean surface water temperature (TWP) was calculated according to ISO 13788 standard. The interpolation method, which is the inverse-distance deterministic method (IDW), was used to calculate precipitation reaching the lake surface. The calculations were made for three hydrological years diverse in terms of humidity and thermal conditions. The methodology for estimating the components of atmospheric water exchange was presented on a small river-lake system of the upper Gościcina River catchment, an example of a postglacial lake district area. The lake elements of this system are lobelia lakes, poorly known in terms of water circulation. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, unjustified activities regarding assessing the water circulation conditions in this river-lake system led to changes in water relations, causing environmental, financial and social losses.
The exotic gastropod Clea helena (von dem Busch, 1847) as a predator of freshwater gastropods: a threat to native biota in India?
Authors: Paul Pranesh , Paul Koushik , Karmakar Rupsha , Shee Arnab , Kumar Debaditya , Aditya Gautam
Published: July 2021

The carnivorous snail Clea (Anentome) helena (von dem Busch, 1847) (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), commonly called as the “assassin snail” is sold worldwide including India for aesthetics and the ability to kill pest snails in aquaria. Assuming invasion as a fair possibility, the predation potential of C. helena on seven native freshwater snails was assessed. The exotic predator consumed all the native snail species provided in the experiment and prey consumption varied with the prey species identity, the prey density and the prey size class. Future colonization and establishment of C. helena in Indian freshwater ecosystems may reduce the abundance of the native gastropod snails, in absence of suitable intervention.
River minimum flow changes under dammed reservoir conditions
Authors: Tomaszewski Edmund
Published: July 2021

The main aim of this study was to assess what range of downstream low flow changes is caused by dam construction directly. An investigation was based on the assumption that the difference in change ratio of flow between gauging cross-sections located downstream and upstream position of dammed reservoir identifies the scope of changes determined by dam construction. Three dammed reservoirs located on Polish rivers were selected for analysis. They were different in size, hydrological regime and water management purposes. For each reservoir pair of water, gauges were selected. The input data were daily discharge series collected by the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. For each time series 20-year period before and after dam construction was established. Comparison of annual minimum flow ratios for these peri-ods as well as analysis of low flow dynamics and inertia allowed to identify range and direction of changes caused by investigated reservoirs.
Phonetic convergence in the shadowing for natural and synthesized speech in Polish
Authors: Jankowska Karolina , Kuczmarski Tomasz , Demenko Grażyna
Published: July 2021

The matter of shadowing natural speech has been discussed in many studies and papers. However, there is very little knowledge of human phonetical convergence to synthesized speech. To find out more about this issue an experiment in the Polish language was conducted. Two types of stimuli were used – natural speech and synthesised speech. Five sets of sentences with various phonetic phenomena in Polish were prepared. A group of twenty persons were recorded which gave the total number of 100 samples for each phenomenon. The summary of results shows convergence in both natural and synthesised speech in set number 1, 2, 4 while in group 3 and 5 the convergence was not observed. The baseline production shown that the great majority of participants prefer ɛn/ɛm version of phonetic feature which was reflected in 83 out of 100 sentences. In the shadowing natural speech participants changed ɛn/ɛm to ɛw/ɛ̃ in 26 cases and in 4 ɛw/ɛ̃ to ɛn/ɛm. When shadowing synthesised speech shift from ɛn/ɛm to ɛw/ɛ̃ in 18 sentences and 4 from ɛw/ɛ̃ to ɛn/ɛm. The intonation convergence was also observed in the perceptual analysis, however the analysis of F0 statistics did not show statistically significant differences.
Labile anticausatives in Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Mashaqba Bassil , Huneety Anas , Zuraiq Wael , Al-Omari Moh’D , Al-Shboul Sabri
Published: July 2021

This study examines the morpho-syntax of labile anticausative structures in Jordanian Arabic (JA). Although the transitive counterpart of anticausatives is marked via morphological affixes that reflect structural and lexical components in Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic, a number of verbs involving causative alternation exhibit identical forms in JA (e.g.,ġala[+T] ‘to CAUSE boil something’ vsġala[–T] ‘to BECOME boil’). Such variation poses challenges for mapping between verb morphology and its lexical semantics. To handle such variation, which is also observed cross-linguistically, we argue in favour of Schäfer (2008; 2012), Schäfer & Vivanco (2015), and Ramchand’s (2008) “causer-less” analysis over Koontz-Garboden’s (2009) “reflexive” analysis. This work further assumes the existence of a Voice phrase lacking a specifier (external argument) and assumes that Voice projection is headed by an implied Voice head (vcauser) that syntactically assigns the accusative case to its new subject and semantically encodes the internal argument and describes the resultant subevent of the verb. The work also provides an alternative solution for voice projection that lacks an explicit specifier bearing [+agent] or [+causer] feature specification. The work assumes the presence of an inchoative Voice head [vinch] introducing the Spec Voice Phrase, which encodes an inchoative resultant state of an event achieved over its theme. Contrary to Al-Qadi (2015), the present model assumes that such verbs constitute a middle position between transitive and intransitive verbs in JA but do not constitute a separate class of their own. Evidently, the correct characterization of the anticausative subclass distribution is that it surfaces wherever v is transitive as well as in intransitive volitional contexts (a non-natural class). More intriguingly, the presented material suggests that there is an ongoing process of diachronic change in spoken Arabic varieties (including JA) that amounts to the development and expansion of an inchoative class where no external or internal inchoative detransitivizing morphemes are involved. This topic, which incorporates an intriguing diachronic dimension in addition to the syntactic details, is missing from the generative literature on Arabic morpho-syntax and is potentially of sufficient interest to merit investigation.
The Dziedzice inscription and West Germanic rhotacism
Authors: Mees Bernard
Published: July 2021

The inscription discovered in 1931 on the remains of a cinerary urn near Sedschütz, Upper Silesia, was at first proposed to be runic. Later analysed as a Germanic text written in Roman characters, the long-obscure Iron Age inscription has only recently been republished after being moved from the museum where it was originally conserved. Presumably executed by a member of the Buri, the early Germano-Roman text is only partially preserved and appears to feature key evidence for the early dialectal development of Germanic. Contemporary with the period of the Marcomannic Wars, its single interpretable lexical element seems to contain the earliest evidence for West Germanic rhotacism.
New Indo-Aryan associative plural markers derived from Old Indo-Aryan apara ‘other’ and their further grammaticalization
Authors: Renkovskaya Evgeniya
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with associative plurals in New Indo-Aryan languages, which are derived from the Old Indo- Aryan apara ‘other’. These markers are found in a large number of NIA languages, but in many of these languages they underwent further grammaticalization into other grammatical units, such as honorific particle, standard plural marker, definiteness marker, marker of inalienable possession etc. Among the factors which underlie this grammatical development, contacts with non-Indo-Aryan languages play a significant role.
Gender-related differences in the use and perception of verbal insults: the Bosnian perspective
Authors: Špago Džemal
Published: July 2021

The paper explores potential gender-linked differences in the use and perception of insulting language among Bosnian university students. The respondents were asked to provide one-word answers to four questions about the worst male-directed and female-directed insults, and about one-word descriptions of a male and female person who they view as the most detestable. The results indicate that the male and female respondents have a similar perception of the worst male-directed (lack of masculinity) and, to a lesser extent, femaledirected insults (sexual looseness). Surprisingly, insults of homosexual nature, as well as those pertaining to being unethical and physically unattractive were rarely mentioned. The results also reveal significant gender -of-insulter differences in the use of offensive words in reference to the most disliked person, as well as the tendency by the respondents of both genders to avoid using those insults that they perceive as the harshest.
Angas-Sura Etymologies VII
Authors: Takács Gábor
Published: July 2021

The paper as part of a long-running series is devoted to the etymological analysis of a new segment (namely that with initial dental *d-) of the Angas-Sura root stock, a small group of modern languages remotely and ultimately akin to pharaonic Egyptian and the well-known Semitic languages or Twareg in the Sahara etc. Doing so, I wish to continue the noble tradition initiated by J.H. Greenberg (1958), the founding father of modern Afro-Asiatic comparative linguistics (along with I.M. Diakonoff), who was the first scholar ever to have established by Neo-Grammarian the methods regular consonantal correspondences between Angas-Sura and ancient Egyptian in his pioneering (painfully isolated) paper on the ancient trichtomomy of the word-initial labials in both branches. Nowadays our chances in following this path are substantially more favourable being equipped with our gigantic comparative root catalogue system of the Egyptian etymologies ever published (ongoing since 1994) and of the Afro-Asiatic parental lexical stock (ongoing since 1999).
Study on factors of interface properties of axial braided C/C composite materials
Authors: Wang Chunguang , Tian Weiping , Zhang Kaining
Published: July 2021

In order to study the influencing factors of the tensile properties of axial braided C/C composites, the interfacial shear strength of the fiber rod and matrix was studied and ejecting tests of the fiber rod were carried out. The ejecting test specimens were formed with different thicknesses to obtain the changing rule of the interface shear strength with the thickness of the sample, and the testing method for the interface shear strength of the axial braided C/C composite material. The results show that the recommended thickness of the ejecting test specimens for the interface shear strength of is four times the diameter of the fiber rod. The interface shear strength distribution law of two different batches of materials was obtained through the interface ejecting test. The mesoscopic structure characteristics and pore statistical distribution law of the hole surface after ejecting were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mechanism of the difference of the interface shear strength was obtained. The tensile properties of two different batches of materials were obtained by tensile tests. The results show that the tensile properties of the two batches of materials differ greatly. The analysis suggests that the reason for this difference is the differences in interfacial bonding strength between the fiber rod and matrix. The higher the interface shear strength, the better the tensile property of the material will be.
Identifying the Most Effective Geosite Evaluation Models in Iran Using Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process Methods
Authors: Ghasemi Moslem , Ghanavati Ezatollah , Kazemi Jebrail
Published: July 2021

Despite the large amount of information, including books, articles and pristine images of geotourism, there exists no comprehensive study on the collection and classification of them in Iran yet. In this research, for the modelling of geosite watersheds, 1000 articles were surveyed through library research and the models with the highest frequency of use were identified and analysed among a statistical sample of 451 local papers using the Meta-Analysis method, and then the most efficient ones were identified using Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. The results of this study showed that while the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT), Pralong, Reynard, AHP and Pereira models are in the first to fifth-ranked models with the highest frequency, however, Pralong, SWOT, Reynard, Perira and Comanescu models were considered as the most efficient ones in geosite modelling in Iran.
The prevalence and the impact of sarcopenia in digestive cancers. A systematic review
Authors: Haiducu Carmen , Buzea Adrian , Mirea Liliana Elena , Dan Gheorghe Andrei
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Sarcopenia is characterized by a decrease in skeletal muscle mass, associated with low muscle strength and/or poor physical performance. Assessing the prevalence of sarcopenia among digestive cancers and establishing the impact that sarcopenia has on the postoperative evolution of digestive tumors may be a central pillar in improving postoperative outcomes by caring for perioperative sarcopenia.

This brief review aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in digestive cancer patients.

Method and materials: PubMed database was searched for “sarcopenia” AND “digestive cancers” from January 1st, 2010, through September 30th, 2020. PRISMA guideline was used for this systematic review. After the selection process, 31 complete studies were included in our review.

Assessment of sarcopenia diagnosis for the studies included in this systematic review was based on a computed tomographic calculation of the skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra.

Results: Among a total of 11,651 patients with digestive cancers, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 43.68%.

The highest prevalence of sarcopenic patients was in esophageal (70.4%) and hepatic (60.3%) cancer, following by biliary tract (49.3%), pancreatic (45.70%), colorectal (42.83%) cancer, and gastric cancer (32.05%) with the lowest prevalence.

The results of the studies conducted by now regarding the prevalence of sarcopenia in digestive cancers and its relevance in the evolution of these cancers are discordant and uneven.

Some studies show that the presence of sarcopenia in patients with digestive cancers is associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications, increased toxicity of chemotherapeutics and increased mortality. Other studies do not find sarcopenia as an independent risk factor associated with negative consequences in the course of patients with digestive cancers.

Conclusions: Sarcopenia is prevalent in digestive cancers. There is still no consensus about the impact of sarcopenia on the treatment of digestive cancers. Further studies are needed to evaluate the real consequences of sarcopenia in digestive cancers..
Lacticaseibacilli and Lactococci from Slovak Raw Goat Milk and their Potential
Authors: Lauková A. , Simonová M. Pogány , Tomáška M. , Kološta M. , Drončovský M. , Dvorožňáková E.
Published: July 2021

Strains potential such as bacteriocin activity, biofilm formation ability, growth in skim milk, susceptibility to antibiotics, tolerance to bile and low pH as well as enzyme production was tested in the species Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactococcus lactis detected in Slovak raw goat milk. The strains showed mostly low-grade biofilm formation ability, susceptibility to antibiotics and sufficient tolerance to oxgall/bile. Lacticaseibacillus (Lcb.) paracasei ZM-1, ZM-2 and Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis PD MO 1/8 showed high tolerance to pH 3 (67 %, 83 % and 63 %, respectively). The strains showed bacteriocin activity against the principal indicator Enterococcus avium EA5 (inhibition zone ranging 5–24 mm). A concentrated substance of Lcb. paracasei LPa ML 12/1 (pH 6.3) inhibited EA5 strain (inhibition activity 100 AU ml–1). Lcb. paracasei ZM-1 and ZM-2 also produced a high amount of β-galactosidase (40 nmol). Although the strains indicated their beneficial potential, additional testing is needed; some tests are in processing for further possible application of selected strains in dairy.
Response of Laying Hens to Aqueous Extracts ofPetiveria alliaceaRoot and Leaf
Authors: Oyeleke A.M. , Adeyemi O.A. , Egbeyale L.T. , Sobayo R.A. , Olaifa R.O.
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the response of laying hens to aqueous extracts ofPetiveria alliacearoot and leaf. A total of 288 eighteen-week-old Isa brown pullets were used for the 25-week study. The pullets were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial experimental layout in a completely randomized design. The pullets were distributed into two groups administered root extract or leaf extract. Pullets in each group were allotted to four subgroups administered aqueous extracts ofPetiveria alliaceaat 15, 30 and 45 g l–1concentration levels making eight treatments in total. Each treatment was replicated three times with twelve pullets per replicate.Eimeriaoocyst counts and intestinal bacteria counts were lower (P< 0.0001 andP= 0.0028, respectively) in hens administered 15, 30 and 45 g l–1ofPetiveria alliaceaextracts than the control. The highest (P< 0.0001) antibody titre against Newcastle disease vaccine was recorded in hens administered 30 and 45 g l–1concentrations of root (9.06 and 9.10 log2, respectively) and leaf (9.08 and 9.18 log2, respectively) extracts. The liver sections of hens in all treatments appeared normal. In conclusion, aqueous extract ofPetiveria alliacearoot and leaf at 30 and 45 g l–1 concentrations performed best as antimicrobial and immune stimulating agent without impairing liver health.
Adenocarcinoma of the Jejunum: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zindovic Miljan , Culafic Tatjana , Saric Dragan , Zindovic Dunja
Published: July 2021

Small intestine cancers account for 1-3% of all gastrointestinal tumors, with only 11-25% of these tumors located in the jejunum. We report the case of a woman who has been experiencing abdominal pain for the last six months, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and appearance of dark-colored stools, who has lost 20 kg in weight during the last few months. Laboratory findings indicated anemia and no significant changes were identified in the abdominal ultrasound. By endoscopic examination of the stomach and duodenum and by colonoscopy, no infiltrations were found. Serum markers were elevated and CT scan of the abdomen showed thickening of a part of the jejunum wall with swollen lymph nodes in the mesentery, along the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta, in the retroperitoneal space. By opening the abdominal cavity, we observed an infiltration in the initial part of the jejunum with an infiltration of the entire wall. Resection of the jejunum with related mesenthery, vessels and lymph nodes therein was performed. Histopathology revealed an invasive adenocarcinoma of the small intestine, with an invasion of all layers of the wall and mesentery. Adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy was introduced, 6 cycles in total, and following each cycle, tumor markers have been constantly decreasing. No relapse has been identified after nine months. Due to often deep position in the small intestine, atypical symptomatology and lack of screening, an early diagnosis is difficult. Surgical resection of the affected small intestine followed by an additional chemotherapy is the optimal treatment strategy.
Movements of a male greater spotted eagle (Clanga clanga) during its 2nd and 3rd calendar years
Authors: McGrady Mike , Schmidt Matthias , Andersen Georgina , Meyburg Christiane , Väli Ülo , Allamki Faisal , Meyburg Bernd-Ulrich
Published: July 2021

The greater spotted eagle (Clanga clanga) is poorly known compared to other European eagles. We tracked an immature greater spotted eagle during 2018–2020 within the eastern European part of the species’ distribution, west of the Ural Mountains. Because so little is published about the annual movements of this species, especially from that region, tracking data from this single individual are valuable. 95% kernel density estimator (KDE) range sizes for the two complete winters in Yemen were 4,009 km2 (2018), 1,889 km2 (2019); 95% dynamic Brownian bridge movement models (dBBMM) encompassed 1,309 km2 (2018) and 1,517 km2 (2019). It returned to the same wintering area every year. During summer 2018, it settled into a small area (95% KDE = 126 km2; 95% dBBMM = 21 km2) near Birsk, eastern European Russia; in 2019 it wandered over a huge area (95% dBBMM = 66,304 km2) of western Kazakhstan and southern Russia, south west of Yekaterinburg. Spring migration 2018 was west of the Caspian Sea; during 2019 it was east of it. Mean speed of spring migration was 160±120 km/day during 2018, and 132±109 km/day during 2019. Autumn migration passed east of the Caspian in both years, and the mean speed of migration was 62 ± 78 km/day in 2018, and 84 ± 95 km/day in 2019. During both spring and autumn migrations, the eagle made stopovers, mostly lasting 1–2 days. The eastern Alborz Mountains in northeastern Iran appeared to be an important stopover locale, where autumn stopovers lasted 19 days (2018) and 27 days (2019). These and other data suggest that most greater spotted eagles that spend summers west of about 42°E, winter in southern Europe, Asian Turkey, the Levant and Africa, and those that summer to the east of that meridian winter in southern Asia, including Arabia.
Time and Space Discretization in the Digital Twin of the Airport Transport Network
Authors: Saifutdinov Farid , Tolujevs Jurijs
Published: July 2021

The paper describes the concept of a Digital Twin (DT) creation, which could be used as part of a centralized ground traffic control system in the airport’s apron area. The work is focused on the automatic control systems expected in the future, which will completely replace the ground traffic controllers that solve the centralized control’s tasks in our days. It is assumed that the developed DT can be used both at the stage of training the control system and at the stage of its use. A special feature of the proposed DT concept is the clearly formulated principles of the observed process’ time discretization and the space in which the movement of ground vehicles and aircraft occurs. The experimental verification of the developed concept was carried out using a special simulation model designed to generate data streams on the airport’s transport network’s traffic participants’ location.
Analysis and Prediction of Vehicles Speed in Free-Flow Traffic
Authors: Maczyński Andrzej , Brzozowski Krzysztof , Ryguła Artur
Published: July 2021

Speed is a crucial factor in the frequency and severity of road accidents. Light and heavy vehicles speed in free-flow traffic at six locations on Poland’s national road network was analyzed. The results were used to formulate two models predicting the mean speed in free-flow traffic for both light and heavy vehicles. The first one is a multiple linear regression model, the second is based on an artificial neural network with a radial type of neuron function. A set of the following input parameters is used: average hourly traffic, the percentage of vehicles in free-flow traffic, geometric parameters of the road section (lane and hard shoulder width), type of day and time (hour). The ANN model was found to be more effective for predicting the mean free-flow speed of vehicles. Assuming a 5% acceptable error of indication, the ANN model predicted the mean free-flow speed correctly in 84% of cases for light and 89% for heavy vehicles.
Trajectory Planning of Autonomous Vehicle in Freeway Driving
Authors: Ghariblu Hashem , Moghaddam Hossein B.
Published: July 2021

This paper describes trajectory planning for an Autonomous Vehicle (AV) in the freeway path. Three types of driving modes are analyzed. First was free flow, this constitutes that moving at the desired speed is determined at the beginning of the movement. Second case was car following, when overtaking or lane-change was impossible, distance or speed adaptation is executed using the variable acceleration/deceleration strategy. Third case was lane change or overtaking. For lane change or overtaking paths, the 5th degree polynomial is used to create a curvilinear path to changes its path to the left lane and then returns to its default lane. The velocity and relative distances of cars are main factors for decision making. All proper driving decisions algorithm is introduced. According to autonomous car desired velocity, in the two driving cases (fast and slow desired velocity for AV) are studied by simulation and their results analyzed and compared with together.
Travel Demand Estimation in Urban Road Networks as Inverse Traffic Assignment Problem
Authors: Krylatov A. , Raevskaya A. , Zakharov V.
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, traffic engineers employ a variety of intelligent tools for decision support in the field of transportation planning and management. However, not a one available tool is useful without precise travel demand information which is actually the key input data in simulation models used for traffic prediction in urban road areas. Thus, it is no wonder that the problem of estimation of travel demand values between intersections in a road network is a challenge of high urgency. The present paper is devoted to this urgent problem and investigates its properties from computational and mathematical perspectives. We rigorously define the travel demand estimation problem as directly inverse to traffic assignment in a form of a bi-level optimization program avoiding usage of any pre-given (a priori) information on trips. The computational study of the obtained optimization program demonstrates that generally it has no clear descent direction, while the mathematical study advances our understanding on rigor existence and uniqueness conditions of its solution. We prove that once a traffic engineer recognizes the travel demand locations, then their values in the road network can be found uniquely. On the contrary, we discover a non-continuous dependence between the travel demand locations and absolute difference of observed and modeled traffic values. Therefore, the results of the present paper reveal that the actual problem to be solved when dealing with travel demand estimation is the problem of recognition of travel demand locations. The obtained findings contribute in the theory of travel demand estimation and give fresh managerial insights for traffic engineers.
Modern Sediment Model of Traffic Flow
Authors: Yedilbayev Bauyrzhan , Brener Arnold , Shokanova Akmaral , Boltayeva Aigul
Published: July 2021

The work deals with the mathematical modeling of traffic phenomena. The submitted model is based on a prospective analogy of some described phenomena with particle sedimentation. Both the qualitative analysis of the model and the numerical experiment is carried out. Qualitative results of the research have been compared with the known data of supervision of the traffic on city highways. As a result, the main control parameters which can use for optimal traffic management are highlighted and justified.
A Digital or Sustainable Small and Medium-Sized Port? Sustainable Port Blueprint in the Baltic Sea Region Based on Port Benchmarking
Authors: Meyer Christopher , Gerlitz Laima , Philipp Robert , Paulauskas Vytautas
Published: July 2021

Small and medium-sized ports (SMSPs) in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) are caught in a dilemma of less financial support by the European funding programmes due to their peripheral position in the TEN-T Core Network. Most of the BSR ports belong to the TEN-T Comprehensive Network, which is rationally less important in the topical financial, infrastructural and policy discourses. Despite this, BSR ports are of a colossal importance for the regional economic development serving as gateways for the individual regions and drivers of socio-economic and environmental transition. In addition, ports are essential in pursuing new innovation avenues. The environmental targets published by the European Commission for maritime sector in 2030 and 2050 are applicable for SMSPs as well, creating further obstacles and future challenges on the one hand, but opening new horizons to grow and innovate on the other one. A successful environmental and digital transformation going hand in hand in SMSPs enable sustainable boost of sustainable development. Thus, as a first step, the assessment of sustainable readiness in SMSPs is incumbent in order to implement tailor-made solutions on individual basis, by ensuring efficient usage of available resources and capabilities. In line with the Connect2SmallPorts project, part-financed by the INTERREG South Baltic Programme, 38 SMSPs in the BSR were approached to mapping their digital readiness according to the methodology of the Digital Readiness Index for Ports (DRIP), published within the project in 2020. Building upon this, this paper introduces the idea of digital and environmental twinning to conclude on sustainable development potentials in SMSPs with an adaptation of the DRIP score. Hence, the research contributes to the sustainable port concept and illustrates the positioning of SMSPs in the progress of sustainable development.
Genetic Algorithm for the Pick-up and Delivery Problem with Time Window by Multi-Compartment Vehicles
Authors: Ousmane Berte , Moustapha Diaby , Adama Coulibaly
Published: July 2021

In this article we focus on multi-compartment vehicles that have to pick-up goods from suppliers and deliver them to various customers. Usually these goods cannot be transported by single-compartment vehicles due to the fact that some products are harmful to others: incompatibility between products. It is therefore a question of satisfying a set of customers while respecting the constraints linked to the capacity of each vehicle compartment, each type of product and ensuring that each supplier is visited before his customer. Our work consists firstly of mathematically modelling the problem described and secondly of solving it using methods due to its complexity. In this case we use the genetic algorithm to solve the pick-up and delivery problem of goods with a time window provided by multi-compartment vehicles. Our model allows to find a minimum distance and a minimum cost in the tour carried out by a reasonable number of vehicles.
The Method of Determining the Optimal Transmission Resources Distribution of ICT Networks Modelled by Graphs
Authors: Bujnowski Sławomir , Marciniak Beata , Marciniak Tomasz , Lutowski Zbigniew
Published: July 2021

The paper discusses the method of improvement of transmission properties of ICT networks by setting the correct distribution of transmission resources in order that it is possible to increase the resulting global probability of supporting the calls generated in the nodes included in the network. The method uses some parts of the graph theory. A minimum length path searching algorithm was used which made it possible to calculate the volume of movement transferred by individual edges of the graph describing the network. The coefficient of the distribution of transmission resources was determined and used to calculate the value of the resources in reference to a particular link, both in the case of equal and diverse movement generated in individual network nodes. A piece of software was developed which uses the results of applying the above-mentioned algorithm to prepare the files describing the analyzed structures in order to carry out simulation tests. The views and analyses are illustrated by examples, and the resulting effects of the influence of the introduction of the method of dividing network resources into transmission properties of a network modelled by graphs are shown in the charts included.
Optimasi Konsentrasi Etanol Dan Perbandingan Bahan Dengan Etanol Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Pluchea Indica Less) Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Pranantha Bistara K I Gusti Ngurah Bagus , Suter I Ketut , Diah Puspawati Gusti Ayu Kadek
Published: July 2021

The research was conducted to obtain the optimum of ethanol concentration and comparison of material with ethanol to produced beluntas leaves extract that had the highest antioxidant activiy. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of extraction conditions with experimental design was a Central Composite Design (CCD) in two factors, namely ethanol concentration and comparison of material with ethanol. The results showed that the optimum conditions of beluntas leaves extraction were at ethanol concentration 62.71% and the comparison of material with ethanol 1:10.14. In this condition, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained at 65.80% with IC50, extract yield, total flavonoid content, and total tannin content were 3.87 ppm, 18.20% dry weight extract, 47.05 mg QE/g dry weight extract, and 9.11 mg TAE/g dry weight extract, respectively.
Pengaruh Waktu Maserasi Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Mundu (Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz)
Authors: Widodo Setyo , Yusa Ni Made , Timur Ina Putu
Published: July 2021

The research aimed to find effect of maceration time on antioxidant activity of mundu leaf extract and to know the best maceration time with highest antioxidant activity of mundu leaf extract. This study used a completely randomized design with treatment of maceration time 6 level: 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 ??hours, 60 hours, and 72 hours. The experiment was repeated in three replication, so that 18 experimental units were obtained. The variabels observed ware extraction yield, total tannin, total flavonoids, total phenol, and antioxidant activity. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and if the treatment had significant effect followed by Duncan test. The result showed were maceration time has significant effect on extraction yield, total tannin, total flavonoids, total phenol, and antioxidant activity of mundu leaf extract. The best treathment was 24 hours with extraction yield was 24.67 %, total tannin was 133.04 mg.TAE/g, total flavonoids was 364.36 mg.QE/g, total phenol was 143.82 mg.GAE/g, and antioxidant activity was 86.89 % with  IC50 was 47.45 mg/L.
Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut Dan Rasio Bahan Dengan Pelarut Pada Metode Ultrasonikasi Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica Less)
Authors: Krisma Widya Saraswati I Gusti Ayu , Suter I Ketut , Wiadnyani Anak Agung Istri
Published: July 2021

This research was to determine the effect of type of solvent and the ratio of material to the solvent with ultrasonication on antioxidant activity of beluntas leaf extract (Pluchea indica Less) and also determine the right type of solvent and the ratio of material to the solvent to extract beluntas leaves with the highest antioxidant activity. The complately Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors was used in this study. First factor is the types of solvents with 4 level (aquades, methanol 90%, ethanol 90%, acetone 90%) and second factor is the ratio of materials to solvent with 3 level (1:10, 1:15, 1:20). The treatment were repeated twice for obtain 24 experimental units. Variables observed were yield, total flavonoids, total tannin, antioxidant activity and IC50. The data were analyzed using variance and if the treatment had a significant effect, on was followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the interaction between the types of solvents and the ratio of material to the solvent had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on yield, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, IC50, but the interaction have no real effect on the total tannin only show the very significant effect against solvent type and ratio on total tannin. The results showed that ethanol 90% with a ratio of 1:20 was the best treatment that produced antioxidant activity of 67.03 %, IC50 of 74.37 ppm, total flavonoid of 11.08 mg QE/g, total tannin of 7.78 mg TAE/g and  yield of  4.16%.
Pengaruh Lama Perkecambahan Terhadap Total Fenol, Flavonoid, Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Tepung Kecambah Kacang Tunggak (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)
Authors: Putri Amira , Wisaniyasa Ni Wayan , Suparthana I Putu
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of germination time on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of cowpea sprout flour, and to determine which germination time that will give the best result of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of cowpea sprout flour. The research design used in this study is Completely Randomized Design with five germination times such as 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours with each treatment was repeated three times. The cowpea sprout flour was tested for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. The data obtained were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and if the treatment had significant effect followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that germination of cowpea had a significant effect on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. The best germination time was 48 hours that resulted in total phenolic content of 256.16 mg GAE/100 g, total flavonoid content of 29.97 mg QE/100 g, and antioxidant activity (IC50) of 5,928.39 mg/L.
Pengaruh Perbandingan Terigu Dengan Puree Labu Kuning (Cucurbita moschata) Terhadap Karakteristik Kue Nastar
Authors: Priyatna Putra I Gede , Timur Ina Putu , Indri Hapsari Arihantana Ni Made
Published: July 2021

This research aims to determine the effect of the comparison of wheat flour with puree of pumpkin on the characteristics of nastar cake and to find out the right comparison of wheat flour with puree of pumpkin to produced nastar cake with the best characteristics. The experimental design used in this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a comparison of wheat flour and puree of pumpkin consisting of 5 treatments namely 100% : 0%, 95% : 5%, 90% : 10%, 85% : 15%, and 80% : 20%. All treatments were repeated four times so that they were obtained 20 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had significant effect then followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the comparison of wheat flour and puree of pumpkin had a significant effect on the water content, total carotene content, antioxidant activity (?-carotene bleaching), color, texture, flavor, taste, and overall acceptance. Ratio of 80% wheat flour and 20% puree of pumpkin had the best characteristics with water content of 2.55%, ash content of 0.75%, ?-carotene content of 4.63 mg/100g, antioxidant activity of 1.71 mg/ml, color liked, texture rather liked, flavor liked, taste liked, and overall acceptance liked.
Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Kejompot (Crassocephalum crepidioides) Menggunakan Metode Maserasi
Authors: Christinela Domithesa Maria , Kencana Putra I Nengah , Sri Wiadnyani Anak Agung Istri
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of various solvent towards antioxidant activity of kejompot (crassocephalum crepioides) extract and to know the right solvent to obtained extract with the highest antioxidant activity. This study used a Completely Randomized Design Method with 4 treatment (water, methanol 70%, ethanol 70%, acetone 70%,) using maseration method. The treatment was repeated four times to obtain 16 experimental units. If there was a significant effect on the observed parameters, then followed by Duncan multipple range test. The result showed that the treatment significantly effected (P<0.05) on each of parameters such as : yield, tanin total, flavonoid, vitamin C, antioxidant activity. This study showed that methanol 70% as the best treatment that obtained yield, tannin, flavonoid, Vitamin C and antioxidant activity respectively 18.76 %, 1.05 mg TAE/g, 7.59 mg QE/g, 8.68 mg AAE/g, and 103.1 ppm antioxidant activity based on IC50  .
Studi Aspek Mikrobiologis Dan Kimiawi Minuman Jamu Gendong Kunyit Asam Di Jimbaran dan Kedonganan, Bali
Authors: Yolanda Thanastasya , Trisna Darmayanti Luh Putu , Selamet Duniaji Agus
Published: July 2021

“Jamu Gendong Kunyit Asam (Tamarind Turmeric Sour Herbs)” is a typical Indonesian drink that is quite famous which is one of the legacies of the Indonesian nation’s ancestors who have medicinal properties in maintaining health and for healing a disease. This study aims to determine aspects of chemistry and microbiology as well as food safety of Tamarind Turmeric Sour Herbs in Jimbaran and Kedonganan, Bali by using survey method and research. The observed variabels include total microbial, coliforms, Escherichia coli, pH, total acid, total vitamin C. The results of microbiological aspect test in this study showed that two samples of Jamu Gendong Kunyit Asam (Tamarind Turmeric Sour Herbs) at Jimbaran and Kedonganan,Bali does not meet the requirements according to SNI 7388:2009 namely samples B and E with indigo in sample B that is 30 x 10-1 and sample E which is 1 x 10-1. The result of chemistry aspect are if the increase in total vitamin C will effect the increase in total acid and pH will be more acid. Besaide that, E. coli bacteria can grow at a pH of 5-7 and the compound content of the tamarind fruit is also antibacterial so that most of Jamu Gendong Kunyit Asam (Tamarind Turmeric Sour Herbs) at Jimbaran and Kedonganan are not contaminated with E.coli.
Pengaruh Penambahan Buah Asam (Tamarindus indica L.) Terhadap Karakteristik Loloh Don Teter (Solanum erianthum)
Authors: Ryantama Swastika Braja I Wayan , Mayun Permana I Dewa Gede , Suter I Ketut
Published: July 2021

Loloh teter leaf is one of the traditional drinks in Bali, it made from raw material of teter leaf and other matter such as tamarind fruit, sugar and salt. The study aims to determine the effect of additional tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica L.) to produce Loloh Teter leaf (Solanum erianthum) with the best characteristics. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the addition of tamarind fruit treatment consisting of 6 levels, namely : 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%. The treatment was repaeated 3 times for abtaining obtained 18 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had significant effect followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of this study indicate that the treatment of tamarind fruit addition has a very significant effect (P<0,01) on total phenolics, total flavonoids, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, total solids, color (hedonic test) and taste (scoring test). The best treatment in this study was the addition of 2,5% tamarind fruit with the total phenolics 0.86 GAE/100ml, total flavonoids 0.48 QE/100ml, vitamin C 26.39 mg/100ml, antioxidant activity 47.05% with IC50 valued 271,382.73 ppm, total solids 7.44%, the color is usual as well as, the aroma is rather liked, the teste is sour and rather liked and overall acceptance is rather liked.
The Changes Of Characteristic Fermented Milk During Room Temperature Storage
Authors: Sukmaningrum Hidayanti , Trisna Darmayanti Luh Putu , Diah Puspawati Gusti Ayu Kadek
Published: July 2021

Fermented milk is a functional food has beneficial to human health. The recommended concentration of probiotic bacteria to provide health benefits is 106-108 CFU/ml of product. The storage temperature is one of the factor that affected the characteristics of fermented milk. This research was conducted to determine the effect of storage time at room temperature to the characteristics of fermented milk product and determine the length of maximum storage at room temperature. The research design was Completely Randomized Design with storage time treatment at room temperature for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days. Each treatment was repeated 2 times so that 16 experimental units were obtainned. The variables that were observed included total LAB, total acid, pH, and sensory evaluation (aroma, taste, and overall acceptance). Data were analyzed with analysis of variance, if the treatment had an effect on the variables then followed by Duncan multiple range Test. The results showed that the treatment of fermented milk in room temperature storage significantly affected the total acid, pH, total LAB, and sensory evaluation (aroma, taste, and overall acceptance). The maximum storage of the room temperature was days with total acid of 0.5%, pH 3.63, total LAB 7.71 log cfu/ml or 5.12 x 107 cfu/ml, the sensory of aroma, taste, and overall acceptance was liked.