bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment effects on the quality and shelf life of the cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) Corpoica Andina
Authors: García-Muñoz María Cristina , Diaz Martha Patricia Tarazona , Morales Andrea Carolina Duarte
Published: September 2024

The Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is renowned for its distinctive appearance and functional properties. Colombia has emerged as the world's leading producer and exporter of Cape gooseberries, with annual export growth of 1.2%, predominantly to countries such as the USA and the Netherlands. Traditionally sold with its calyx intact to minimize water loss and deterioration, recent interest in selling Cape gooseberries without the calyx to reduce volume has raised concerns regarding shelf life. Consequently, research has pivoted toward post-harvest management to extend shelf life. An experiment was conducted to explore various treatments and temperatures (5, 10, and 18 ℃), meticulously monitoring fruit quality over time. Findings underscore that calcium chloride and refrigerated storage at 10 ℃ preserve the quality of the Cape gooseberry fruit for up to 20 days. Moreover, temperature and time exerted a significant influence on fruit quality and physicochemical properties, with interactions impacting conservation methods. The application of calcium chloride as a barrier method yielded optimal preservation outcomes, safeguarding key fruit properties. Conversely, sodium hypochlorite treatment at 18 ℃ accelerated fruit ripening owing to heightened respiratory intensity. This study not only sheds light on effective preservation strategies for Cape gooseberries but also underscores the intricate interplay between environmental factors and post-harvest management techniques. By enhancing our understanding of these dynamics, the study catalyzes advancements in fruit preservation practices, thereby fortifying the agricultural and economic sectors, both domestically and internationally.
Fourth-order high-precision algorithms for one-sided tempered fractional diffusion equations
Authors: Qiu Zeshan
Published: September 2024

In this paper, high-order numerical algorithms for two classes of time-independent one-sided tempered fractional diffusion equations were studied. The time derivative was discretized by the backward difference formula, the space tempered fractional derivatives were discretized based on tempered weighted and shifted Grünwald difference operators combined with the quasi-compact technique, and the effective second-order numerical approximations of the left and right third-order Riemann-Liouville tempered derivatives were given, thus the detailed fourth-order numerical schemes of these two classes of equations were derived. With the energy method, we proved rigorously that the numerical schemes were stable and convergent with order $ O(\tau +h^4) $ and were only related to the tempered parameter $ \lambda $. Finally, some examples were given to verify the validity of the numerical schemes.
Double composed metric-like spaces via some fixed point theorems
Authors: Hijab Anas A. , Shaakir Laith K. , Aljohani Sarah , Mlaiki Nabil
Published: September 2024

The manuscript introduces the concept of a double-composed metric-like space, which is an extension of the notion of a double-composed metric space. In this new space, the self-distance is not necessarily zero, but if the distance metric equals zero, it must be for identical points of distance. Furthermore, this paper presents several results related to this novel concept in the literature, with a particular focus on Hardy–Rogers type contractions. It establishes fixed point theorems accompanied by some illustrative examples that elucidate the findings. Finally, this research provides an application to nonlinear integral equation to substantiate our theorems.
Distributed Newton method for time-varying convex optimization with backward Euler prediction
Authors: Sun Zhuo , Zhu Huaiming , Xu Haotian
Published: September 2024

We investigated the challenge of unconstrained distributed optimization with a time-varying objective function, employing a prediction-correction approach. Our method introduced a backward Euler prediction step that used the differential information from consecutive moments to forecast the trajectory's future direction. This predicted value was then refined through an iterative correction process. Our analysis and experimental results demonstrated that this approach effectively addresses the optimization problem without requiring the computation of the Hessian matrix's inverse.
The nonisospectral integrable hierarchies of three generalized Lie algebras
Authors: He Baiying , Gao Siyu
Published: September 2024

We construct the generalized Lie algebras $ \mathfrak{sp}(4) $, $ \mathfrak{so}(5) $, and $ \mathfrak{so}(3, 2) $, and derive three kinds of (1+1)-dimensional nonisospectral integrable hierarchies. Moreover, we obtain their Hamiltonian structures. Finally, based on Lie algebras $ \mathfrak{sp}(4) $, $ \mathfrak{so}(5) $, and $ \mathfrak{so}(3, 2) $, by using the semi-direct sum decomposition of Lie algebras, we construct three kinds of integrable coupling systems associated with these three Lie algebras.
Historical Self‐Governance and Norms of Cooperation
Authors: Rustagi Devesh
Published: September 2024

Does self‐governance, a hallmark of democratic societies, foster norms of generalized cooperation? Does this effect persist, and if so, why? I investigate these questions using a natural experiment in Switzerland. In the Middle Ages, the absence of an heir resulted in the extinction of a prominent noble dynasty. As a result, some Swiss municipalities became self‐governing, whereas the others remained under feudalism for another 600 years. Evidence from a behavioral experiment, the World Values Survey and the Swiss Household Panel consistently show that individuals from historically self‐governing municipalities exhibit stronger norms of cooperation today. Referenda data on voter‐turnout allow me to trace these effects on individually costly and socially beneficial actions for over 150 years. Furthermore, norms of cooperation map into prosocial behaviors like charitable giving and environmental protection. Uniquely, Switzerland tracks every family's place of origin in registration data, which I use to demonstrate persistence from cultural transmission in a context of historically low migration.
Endogenous Production Networks Under Supply Chain Uncertainty
Authors: Kopytov Alexandr , Mishra Bineet , Nimark Kristoffer , Taschereau-Dumouchel Mathieu
Published: September 2024

Supply chain disturbances can lead to substantial increases in production costs. To mitigate these risks, firms may take steps to reduce their reliance on volatile suppliers. We construct a model of endogenous network formation to investigate how these decisions affect the structure of the production network and the level and volatility of macroeconomic aggregates. When uncertainty increases in the model, producers prefer to purchase from more stable suppliers, even though they might sell at higher prices. The resulting reorganization of the network tends to reduce macroeconomic volatility, but at the cost of a decline in aggregate output. The model also predicts that more productive and stable firms have higher Domar weights—a measure of their importance as suppliers—in the equilibrium network. We provide a basic calibration of the model using U.S. data to evaluate the importance of these mechanisms.
Robust Real Rate Rules
Authors: Holden Tom D.
Published: September 2024

Central banks wish to avoid self‐fulfilling fluctuations. Interest rate rules with a unit response to real rates achieve this under the weakest possible assumptions about the behavior of households and firms. They are robust to household heterogeneity, hand‐to‐mouth consumers, non‐rational household or firm expectations, active fiscal policy, and to any form of intertemporal or nominal‐real links. They are easy to employ in practice, using inflation‐protected bonds to infer real rates. With a time‐varying short‐term inflation target, they can implement an arbitrary inflation path, including optimal policy. This provides a way to translate policy makers' desired path for inflation into one for nominal rates. U.S. Federal Reserve behavior is remarkably close to that predicted by a real rate rule, given the desired inflation path of U.S. monetary policy makers. Real rate rules work thanks to the key role played by the Fisher equation in monetary transmission.
Spatial Unit Roots and Spurious Regression
Authors: Müller Ulrich K. , Watson Mark W.
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a model for, and investigates the consequences of, strong spatial dependence in economic variables. Our findings echo those of the corresponding “unit root” time series literature: Spatial unit root processes induce spuriously significant regression results, even with clustered standard errors or spatial HAC corrections. We develop large‐sample valid unit root and stationarity tests that can detect such strong spatial dependence. Finally, we use simulations to study strategies for valid inference in regressions with persistent spatial data, such as spatial analogues of first‐differencing transformations. Regressions from Chetty, Hendren, Kline, and Saez (2014) are used to illustrate the issues and methods.
The Community Engagement and Partnership Inventory (CEPI): An aspirational open-source instrument to assess community-based global learning programs
Authors: Gendle Mathew Hayden , Tapler Amanda S
Published: September 2024

As community-based global learning (CBGL) programs become more common on college/university campuses and increasingly utilize the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals to guide programmatic outcomes, open-access assessment instruments that both benchmark and effectively measure programmatic enhancements over time are needed. The 147-item Community Engagement and Partnership Inventory (CEPI) provides a comprehensive set of aspirational CBGL best-practice statements in an easy-to-use, assessment-friendly format, and the CEPI-SF (short form) offers an abridged 47-item inventory for assessment strategies that do not require the level of detail offered by the full length CEPI. The CEPI/CEPI-SF provides a systematic evaluation of programs, applying the principles of critical global inquiry such that methods of administration and scoring can be flexible and tailored to program and institutional needs. The use of the CEPI/CEPI-SF as a tool for program evaluation, development, and best practice benchmarking is intended to support the development, sustainability, and long-term growth of CBGL activities that stress reciprocity, equity, and justice.
Bridging IoT and AI for Business Intelligence
Authors: V. Paul Philip , Tiakumzuk  , H. B. Anita
Published: September 2024

Home solutions that unite the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) offer a ground-breaking opportunity. This chapter discloses how IoT devices and AI algorithms can change household inventory management and security. The main focus is on sensors and AI-based analytics for optimizing data collection, analysis, and decision-making processes. Predictive maintenance becomes possible when sensors allow real-time monitoring of stock levels. On the other hand, integrated artificial intelligence surveillance systems, entry controls, anomaly detection algorithms help to improve home safety measures. Also, this project examines whether these home solutions can be used in commercial environments. By embracing this cutting-edge technology, the initiative emphasizes optimized inventory management, heightened security measures, and operational efficiency. For businesses seeking to merge IoT with AI technologies in future intelligent living spaces, this chapter provides useful information about them.
The Social Media Influence Journey
Authors: Ittan Minnu Elizabeth , Elayidom Sudheep M. , Mathew Midhun P.
Published: September 2024

The expanding use of social networks has opened up a wealth of possibilities for practical applications, with influence analysis emerging as a crucial tool for understanding real-life dynamics. This study aims to offer a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in influence analysis, focusing on strategies to address these challenges. The authors discuss various methods, including greedy algorithms, heuristics, and machine learning approaches, and also looks at how these algorithms are used in public health, marketing, and information sharing in the real world, giving a thorough review of how they might be used to effectively utilize the influence of social media. The main goal is to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the research methodologies and procedures used within these categories through a critical assessment. Additionally, the authors provide an in-depth overview of existing methods that address the key issue of privacy protection in influence maximization. This study also analyzes the latest applications where social influence is being used.
Predicting Consumer Vision
Authors: Jayapriya J. , Vinay M. , Louis Blessy , Balakrishnan C. , Sindhu R.
Published: September 2024

Combining NLP technology into communication platforms offers noteworthy opportunities for businesses to gain actionable insights into consumer behaviour and tailor their marketing strategies accordingly. By leveraging the predictive capabilities of NLP bots, organizations can enhance customer engagement, improve product offerings, and eventually drive business growth in a progressively competitive market landscape. With this context, this chapter focuses on developing an AI-NLP bot to understand consumer or customer behaviour patterns using data from various communication platforms. AI-NLP bot is used to predict and analyze the customer's thoughts about the product through their opinion sharing in various sources. Results indicate that the NLP bot accurately predicts consumer sentiment, identifies emerging trends, and anticipates market preferences across different communication platforms. Moreover, the system's malleability and scalability make it appropriate for positioning in various business contexts, extending from e-commerce and retail to hospitality and healthcare.
Exploring AI-Driven Solutions for Fake News
Authors: Sharma Harshwardhani , Upmanyu Akshay , Batra Disha , Bhardwaj Saket Kumar , Lakhendra Bala
Published: September 2024

The proliferation of fake news challenges information integrity and societal well-being in the digital age. Despite AI advancements, detecting misinformation, including deep fakes, remains difficult. However, AI offers potential solutions. This study explores AI's role in fake news detection and the impact of public policy on fact-checking through interviews with experts—Sandeep Amar, Nikhil Pahwa, and Pratyush Ranjan. The first objective examines AI's efficacy in detecting fake news, with Sandeep Amar discussing AI models. The second objective focuses on enhancing fact-checking through AI, with Pratyush Ranjan emphasising the importance of critical thinking alongside AI tools. The third objective explores government policy's role, with Nikhil Pahwa analysing Indian regulations and their impact on AI deployment for fact-checking. The study contributes to debates on addressing fake news, offering insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners. It highlights the need for a hybrid approach integrating AI's capabilities with human judgment to ensure information integrity.
RETRACTED: Design and Implementation of Folk Arts and Crafts Resource Library System Based on Ontology Description and Random Matrix
Authors: Lei Ping
Published: September 2024

This article first constructs an ontology, designs the ontology of the resource library, and then uses the ontology to generate formatted SMD. It uses semantic elements to standardize the description of system resources, organizes folk arts and crafts resources in a machine understandable manner, and presents semantic features to users in an intuitive manner. And use random matrix theory to extract the correlation between data from massive amounts of data. The experimental results show that the running time of the system algorithm reaches 1.8 seconds, effectively avoiding the algorithm's extended state estimation falling into local optima and greatly reducing the computational complexity of the algorithm. This study is conducive to promoting the role of resource library systems and improving retrieval efficiency.
Deep Learning-Driven Robot Arm Control Fusing Convolutional Visual Perception and Predictive Modeling for Motion Planning
Authors: Yan Zhongzhen , Chang Yiming , Yuan Lukang , Wei Feifei , Wang Xianglong , Dong Xinhua , Han Hongmu
Published: September 2024

The wide application of robotic technology in various industries from industrial automation to medical assistance is gradually changing our production and lifestyle, and has attracted widespread attention in many fields. However, existing robotic control systems often grapple with limited flexibility and poor adaptability to complex environments, particularly in highly dynamic operational contexts. Against this backdrop, the integration of deep learning technologies offers new possibilities in enhancing robotic perception and decision-making, especially in visual perception and motion planning. To address these challenges, we have introduced a novel robotic arm control network model, MPC-WGAN-Faster R-CNN, which combines Model Predictive Control concepts with Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks and Faster R-CNN visual recognition technology. This integration aims to improve the precision and adaptability of robotic arm operations in complex environments.
Consumer Sentiment Analysis and Product Improvement Strategy Based on Improved GCN Model
Authors: Xu Ming , Peng Chen , Hou Yueyue , Xiao Yating , Sohaib Osama
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the amount of online shopping review data has increased dramatically. Obtaining information that helps business decision-making from such complex and massive reviews has become a difficult and important task for merchants. This paper uses sentiment analysis technology to innovatively introduce the attention mechanism on the LSTM infrastructure of the baseline model, and proposes a word vector structure and a BiGRU structure to build an online user sentiment analysis system based on deep learning. The system includes a user review sentiment classification and sentiment analysis model based on the improved GCN model. The experimental results also show the superiority of our method, which brings 4.73%, 7.84% and 5.72% F1-score improvements to the algorithm respectively. It proves that the two algorithms proposed in this paper can effectively achieve their goals and achieve high performance.
The Data Analysis of Enterprise Operational Risk Prediction Under Machine Learning
Authors: Zhao Yixin
Published: September 2024

In the digital age, the financial sector faces increasingly severe risk management challenges. Traditional methods often rely on historical data and statistical models, which struggle to cope with the high volatility of the market. These methods exhibit poor adaptability in rapidly changing financial markets and often fail to meet demands in terms of accuracy and reliability. To address these issues, this study proposes a law risk prediction model based on deep learning—the WBIF model. This model integrates Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) and Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) and employs the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) for parameter optimization. Experimental results show that compared to traditional models, the WBIF model reduces the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) by 51.73% on the UCI machine learning library dataset and improves accuracy by 12% on the Kaggle credit card fraud detection dataset.
Long-Term Storage and Reusability of Living Bacteria-Encapsulated Polyethylene Oxide Nanofiber Mats for Reactive Dye Removal
Authors: Tuzun Imre , San Keskin Nalan Oya
Published: September 2024

From food to environmental applications, the encapsulation of bio-objects in nanofibers is widely used. In particular, for improved and sustainable performance of bioremediation, the system requires the development of cost-effective nanomaterials that containing living microorganisms for textile wastewater treatment is required. Here, bacteria-encapsulated polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibers (Nfs) were prepared by electrospinning. According to the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, PEO-Nfs show bead-free morphology and homogeneous distribution, while random expansions are observed in the nanofibers after bacterial encapsulation. While the number of live bacteria in the polymer before electrospinning was 1010 CFU/mL, the number of live bacteria-encapsulated after spinning was 108 CFU/mL. This proves that nanofibers carry a very high number of bacteria after electrospinning which is supported by Fluorescence microscope images. Furthermore, an ATR-FTIR study confirmed the molecular interactions between PEO and bacteria in the nanofibers. The removal efficiency of PEO_bacteria-Nfs was 26.6 ± 0.3% at 5 ppm and 9 ± 0.1% at 20 ppm dye concentration. Under storage conditions of +4 °C, the bacteria-encapsulated in PEO-Nfs show cell viability for more than 60 days. In order to extend the research on bacteria-encapsulated polymer Nfs, we explored the possibility of extending the life of bacteria in electrospun Nfs by cross-linking approaches using non-toxic calcium ions. The composite Nf mats were therefore reused for up to 4 repeated cycles.
A Numerical Approach to Assess the Urban Heat Island Effect and Thermal Discomfort Supported by the WRF/SLUCM Modeling System: A Case Study of Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ (Brazil)
Authors: Sales Dhiego da Silva , Sales Renata Silva Barreto , Mendonça José Carlos , Junior Jader Lugon , Filho Hélio Gomes , Quinto Junior Luíz de Pinedo
Published: September 2024

Land use changes can affect the flow of energy in the soil-atmosphere system, impacting the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Since the climate conditions of Campos dos Goytacazes are changing (becoming drier and warmer), the city was chosen as a study area. This research aims to investigate the behavior of surface energy fluxes and their impact on the UHI and discomfort index (DI) by simulating different surface condition scenarios for the warmest day of 2019. The weather research and forecasting model was used to simulate three scenarios: in the first simulation, anthropogenic heat was excluded, and no green roofs were added; in the second simulation, anthropogenic heat was included without green roofs; and in the third simulation, both anthropogenic heat and green roofs were included. The results showed that anthropogenic heat intensifies the UHI and increases the DI. The effect of green roofs covering 50% of the urban area can reduce the nocturnal effects of the UHI caused by anthropogenic heat, but it does not significantly impact the DI.
Enhanced Synthesis of Copper Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles via Polymer-Assisted Sol-Gel Autocombustion Method for Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications
Authors: Mazurenko Julia , Kaykan Larysa , Michalik Jan Marek , Sikora Marcin , Szostak Elżbieta , Vyshnevskyi Olexij , Bandura Khrystyna , Turovska Lilia
Published: September 2024

In this study, CuFe2O4 nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of approximately 10 nm were produced using the sol-gel autocombustion method. The synthesis was conducted in the presence of polymers with varying monomer counts, aiming to optimize the magnetic properties for possible localized magnetic heating applications. Comprehensive characterization of all samples was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Mössbauer spectroscopy. All synthesized samples exhibited good colloidal stability, with zeta potentials around -18.49mV, +3mV and +24 to +30 mV. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of the synthesized nanoparticles was assessed using the calorimetric method. The SAR values were calculated using both the Initial Slope and the Box-Lucas methods. For the sample synthesized using citric acid, the SAR values were 12.6 W/g and 13.23 W/g, respectively. For samples synthesized using polyethylene glycol, the SAR values ranged from 3 to 7 W/g. The parameters of the alternating magnetic field were 33.3 kA/m and 357 kHz.
The Investigation of Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Based Electrospun Nanofiber Coated Polystyrene and Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Composite Materials
Authors: Gundogan Kadir , Yardimci Atike Ince , Acikbas Yaser
Published: September 2024

In this study, polystyrene (PS) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET) materials were coated by electrospun polyacrylonitrile/ polyvinyl alcohol (PAN/PVA) and PAN/ polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers produced by electrospinning method to produce new polymer composite materials. Nanofibers were characterized by SEM, FT-IR and XRD confirmed the formation of PAN/PVA and PAN/PVDF electrospun nanofibers and their beadless and ordered morphology with an average diameter of 188.95±17.12 and 263.44±45.46 nm, respectively. The effect of nanofibrous coating on the tensile properties and hardness properties of the PS and R-PET composite materials obtained by plastic injection method was investigated. PS and R-PET samples were coated with PAN/PVA and PAN/PVDF nanofibers produced for 1h and 2h and these samples were compared for their mechanical properties. In terms of tensile properties, among the PS and R-PET samples, the PAN/PVDF-coated R-PET composite showed the highest tensile strength value of 22.66 MPa and the highest elongation value of 8.49%. The results showed that after nanofibrous coating on PS and R-PET elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break properties of all samples enhanced. The analysis of hardness revealed an enhancement after nanofibrous coating for R-PET samples while relatively low changes in hardness values were determined for PS composites because of the rigid nature of PS.
Study on the Photocatalytic Degradation of MB by the ZnO@PDA and ZnO-Ag@PDA
Authors: Li Yong , Chen Ya Liang , Shao Yan Qun
Published: September 2024

Photocatalysis properties enhanced by metal and organic polymer has been received more interest because of their ability to directly or indirectly degrade pollutants. The effect of PDA (polydopamine) and Ag nanoparticles on the different phases of ZnO to degrade organic dyes under visible and UV-vis light was investigated. ZnO@PDA, ZnO-Ag, and ZnO-Ag@PDA nanoparticles were synthesized. It’s shown that Ag particles with sizes of less than 20 nm were deposited evenly on the ZnO. There were a few changes in the structure of ZnO@PDA or ZnO-Ag @PDA. When the ZnO was coated by PDA, the photocatalytic activity could be enhanced. The photocatalytic activity under UV-vis and visible light of the ZnO@PDA were effectively improved. The degradation rate of ZnO-Ag@PDA was 97.9% under UV-vis light for 20 mins, which was 16.1% higher than that of ZnO. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO-Ag@PDA reached the maximum after polymerizing for 2 hours. The photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO-Ag@PDA-2h under UV-vis for 30 minutes can reach higher than 99.01%. The photocatalytic performance decreased rapidly with the increasing cycles. When the number of cycles was 5, the degradation rate was 65.84%. Afterward, the degradation rate changed small and became stable.
Numerical Analysis of Phase Change Material Parameters on the Behavior of a Ground-Air Heat Exchanger
Authors: Vielma Vivas Giovanni Antonio , Rodrigues Michel Kepes , Oliveira Rocha Luiz Alberto , dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Brum Ruth da Silva , Isoldi Liércio André
Published: September 2024

The ground-air heat exchanger (GAHE) represents an eco-friendly solution for improving temperature conditions and, consequently, lowering the power demand in facilities. The aim of this research is to numerically analyze how the length and position of the phase change material (PCM) affect the behavior of the GAHE. To achieve this, a 3D computational simulation of the PCM integrated with the GAHE was employed, utilizing the equivalent heat capacity approach and tailored to the climate and ground properties of southern Brazil. This GAHE-PCM numerical model was created employing the finite volume method through the ANSYS Fluent program. From the obtained results, it was found that for a PCM length of 20.61 m, the incorporation of this material placed from the duct inlet offered an improvement of 13.37% in the average heating energy performance indicator (EPI) in the month of May, in contrast to the EPI value of 18.04% achieved when the PCM was added from the duct outlet.
Using Liquid Natural Gas Fuel to Cryogenically Cool and Enhance a Hybrid Electric Aircraft Power System
Authors:   NASA Glenn Research Center, Snyder Christopher ,   NASA Langley Research Center, Kohlman Lee
Published: September 2024

A previous system study identified significant increases in range and number of urban air mobility (UAM) missions by replacing the all battery power system of a notional UAM vehicle with an advanced diesel hybrid using conventional diesel or liquid natural gas (LNG) fuels (at constant vehicle design gross weight). Some benefits were realized using the LNG's cryogenic properties to reduce some electrical component losses and cooling requirements. Significant questions were raised concerning volume and thermal management considerations for all studied systems. The notional, baseline vehicle was a hybrid helicopter/ airplane design capable of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL), balancing high cruise efficiency with reasonable hover capability. A subsequent power system assessment using the same notional vehicle and mission was performed that identified increased volume and power requirements for the active cooling required. The cooling airflow could also generate additional drag on the vehicle during operation. For the notional vehicle studied, the additional volume identified by the subsequent study would not affect vehicle mold line and therefore drag. However, the additional drag from cooling airflow and the power to circulate it as needed would impact power system and vehicle mission performance. Vehicle and mission models were updated and rerun. Updated results still indicated significant benefits in range and number of UAM missions, but reduced the benefit by 12-15%. Hold time for the hybrid systems also generally increased a few minutes because of reduced power available for charging from the power for required cooling flows. Vehicle weights, thermal loads, and cooling airflows from the updated analyses were similar to previous results.
Models and Methods at ONERA for the Presizing of eVTOL Hybrid Aircraft Including Analysis of Failure Scenarios
Authors:   ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab, Basset Pierre-Marie , Vu Binh , Beaumier Philippe , Reboul Gabriel , Ortun Biel
Published: September 2024

With the progress of electric power generation systems (hybrid propulsion or all-electric), it becomes now possible to make fly new electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) concepts of aircraft. This step forward is a technology rupture which should allow breaking through the locks preventing from using more the VTOL aircraft. Indeed, the use of rotorcraft, especially in areas with high population density, is still limited by the public acceptance mainly because of the noise and the risk of crash in case of failure. A new design paradigm is emerging pushing to use distributed electric lift/ propulsion systems composed of rotary wings (propeller or rotor blades) and electric motors combined or not with fixed wings. Numerical models and methods are needed for exploring this new design space. This paper presents the extension of the CREATION numerical workshop and associated simulation tools in order to be able to deal with the predesign of eVTOL. A methodology for the presizing of eVTOL is proposed addressing the most demanding flight conditions with thruster(s) failure. The application of these models and methods is illustrated on a new eVTOL concept combining rotary wings and fixed wings.
Effect of Rotor Geometry on UAV-Scale Cycloidal Rotor Hover Performance
Authors:   Texas A&M University, Kellen Adam , Benedict Moble
Published: September 2024

This paper focuses on systematic time-averaged thrust and power measurements to characterize the effect of rotor geometry on the performance of a cycloidal rotor operating at Reynolds numbers between 100,000 and 300,000. A cycloidal rotor is a revolutionary horizontal-axis propulsion device that has proven to benefit from increased maneuverability and aerodynamic efficiency at micro air vehicle (MAV) scales. The current study aims to investigate cycloidal rotor performance at significantly larger UAV-scales. Towards this, experiments were conducted for a range of rotational speeds across different blade pitch amplitudes for rotor configurations with varying airfoils, blade spans, chord-by-radius ratios, and number of blades. The study found that the optimal pitch amplitude for symmetric pitch kinematics was highly dependent on the configuration due to changes in rotor inflow and flow curvature effects. An airfoil thickness as high as 25% of chord was capable of efficiently generating thrust and thicker airfoils provide efficient operation over a wider range of pitch amplitudes. Changing the blade span showed negligible change in thrust and power per unit area and power loading. Changing the chord-by-radius ratio resulted in increases in thrust at a fixed speed and power loading up to a current optimal ratio of 0.66. Increasing number of blades resulted in a steep decrease in thrust per unit blade area. Examining all of the tested configurations allowed for an optimal solidity range to be found of between 0.30 and 0.40. Based on the 31 unique configurations tested at 6 pitch amplitudes each in the present study, at an operating Reynolds number of 200,000, the optimal cycloidal rotor configuration had a chord-by-radius ratio of 0.66, 3 blades featuring a blade aspect ratio (span/chord) of 4 and a NACA 0020 airfoil, rotor aspect ratio (span/diameter) of 1.33 and pitch amplitude of 40 deg and produced a FM of 0.6.
Heuristic Discovery of Improved Rotor Designs
Authors:   U.S. Army, Sinsay Jeffrey ,   Stanford University, Alonso Juan
Published: September 2024

Selecting the right design parametrization can be critical to finding a rotor design optimum of practical value, and can be highly dependent on the a priori knowledge of the designer. This selection problem is particularly challenging for the human designer when designing a novel configuration or in an operating environment not well understood. A heuristic approach to allow for discovery of better parametrizations as optimization proceeds is described and demonstrated on a representative rotor design problem. The heuristic applies important principles of evolutionary theory including: mutation, competition, and selection in searching for a better parametrization. The principles of parsimony in conjunction with variation in mutation probability are shown to to be important in ensuring efficient use of the degrees of freedom in an optimization problem. Results for the representative rotor design problem demonstrate the value of the heuristic method in exploring the design space.
Racer High-Speed Demonstrator: Tail Unit Vertical Fin Aerodynamic Design
Authors:   ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab, Salah Itham ,   Airbus Helicopters, Huot Rémy , Lienard Caroline , Fukari Raphaël
Published: September 2024

Within the framework of NACOR project in CleanSky 2 AIRFRAME ITD, ONERA and DLR performed parallel investigations dealing with the RACER high-speed demonstrator, and especially with its tail parts, each partner respectively focusing on vertical fins (ONERA) and horizontal stabilizer (DLR). The present paper focuses on ONERA's contribution to the rear part design: both new vertical fins and design recommendations have been provided based on a multi-fidelity approach. A large panel of performance assessment tools, shape modification and optimization strategies have indeed been used. A major shape modification of the vertical fin has first been proposed in order to tackle a flow separation issue. An optimization process then resulted in an optimized vertical fin aerodynamic design, which met all the constraints and achieved all the objectives. This strong cooperation between ONERA and Airbus Helicopters enabled this investigation to be successful, leading the final vertical fins protected by patent today.
Driving Design Towards a Sustainable Aviation Industry Product Using Environmental Impact Evaluation
Authors:   Bell, Das Emon , K Raldo
Published: September 2024

The goals of sustainable manufacturing, as articulated by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), are to reduce the intensity of material use, energy consumption, emissions and unwanted by-products - while maintaining or improving the value of products to society and to organizations. Benefits that can be achieved through this practice include improved working conditions, public image, staff morale, customer loyalty, brand value, profits, sales turnover, product performance, reduction in waste generation and staying ahead of regulatory concerns. Achieving such goals begins early in the product design phase with consideration toward materials used and processes invoked in manufacturing. Ultimately, a full sustainability assessment must include the product's End-of-life (EOL) impact, factoring environmental impacts of landfill and recycling emissions. This paper focuses on using an End-Of-Life impact assessment for a set of materials and processes commonly used in the aerospace industry. Available data and best practices are used to forecast the final EOL impact of an aerospace product for a given set of materials and processes. The approach is able to quantify costs incurred to advance manufacturing processes and can be used to inform top management on sustainability decisions. The approach could be extended to assess the complete aircraft, including its Beginning of Life.
An Overview Of DLR Compound Rotorcraft Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics Activities within the CleanSky2 NACOR Project
Authors:   DLR Braunschweig Germany, Wentrup Marc ,   Airbus Helicopters, Pinacho Jean-Paul , Yin Jianping , Kunze Philipp , Streit Thomas , Wendisch Jan-Hendrik , Schwarz Thorsten , Kicker Klaus , Fukari Raphël
Published: September 2024

The challenge of increasing range and speed of a rotorcraft is encountered in the scope of the European CleanSky2 "Fast Rotorcraft" project by Airbus Helicopters with the compound helicopter design RACER (RapidAndCostEfficientRotorcraft) for which the box wing and the tail parts designs are respectively protected by patent. This paper presents the DLR contributions to the RACER development. This includes the aerodynamic design of the wing and tail section as well as an overall assessment of performance and noise. In a first step the aerodynamic properties of the configuration are evaluated both isolated and with consideration of the main rotor and lateral rotor interferences by the use of actuator discs. In the second step, the investigated possibilities to improve the configurations performance are described. These include airfoil design for improved high lift performance of the wing and tail section, an optimization of the box wing circulation distribution on the upper and lower wing. Additionally, the intersection fairings were improved and the efficiency of the trim flaps was evaluated. In this regard, it could be determined for which cases an isolated approach is appropriate and when the rotor interference should be considered. At the end the evaluation of the aero acoustics of the configuration is conducted. The applied configuration shows good aerodynamic characteristics with some further cruise and off design optimization potential.
Ethical issues in the treatment of AIDS
Authors: Sgreccia Elio
Published: September 2024

Not available.
The medical student at the beginning of the clinical three-year period
Authors: Folli Giuseppe
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Filia e Agape
Authors: Olivetti Bernardo
Published: September 2024

‘Where there is love for man, there is also love for art’ is the well-known Hippocratic expression often quoted by medical historians as proof of the high ethical level reached by the Master of Things and his school with limpid clarity, and more generally of the subtle spirituality developed by the Greeks to which we are all indebted.
The protection of the mentally ill in international law
Authors: Scalabrino Spadea Michelangela
Published: September 2024

Not available.
The human dignity of the embryo
Authors: Bausola Adriano
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Human nature and the human person: the dignity of procreation The fascination of technology and the human question
Authors: Paolinelli Marco
Published: September 2024

Not available.
When does a human being start
Authors: Serra Angelo
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Conceptual paradigms and theoretical problems in the medical definition of old age
Authors: Cattorini Paolo
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Role and tasks of volunteers in the public health institution
Authors: Cambieri Andrea , Catananti Cesare , Candia Luigi
Published: September 2024

In recent years, our country has undergone a radical transformation of its administrative structure in order to adapt to the new and no longer postponable demands for the decentralisation of state powers and competences
Ethics Foundation for Patients' Rights
Authors: Sgreccia Elio
Published: September 2024

The push for a codification of patients' rights has several motivations that have become more acute and evident in recent years.
The consent of the mentally ill person between international law, domestic law and deontological norms
Authors: Parisi Nicoletta
Published: September 2024

During the 9th Legislature, a bill was submitted to the Senate on the ‘Protection of Patients’ Rights with Particular Regard to Inpatient Conditions'.
Immunosuppressive therapy: methodological and ethical observations
Authors: Manna Raffaele
Published: September 2024

Over the past 20 years, the therapy of autoimmune diseases has undergone considerable progress. Since the initial use of corticosteroids in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the late 1940s, a large number of therapeutic agents and various treatment protocols have been produced and tested.
Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Locking Plate Osteosynthesis for Periprosthetic Distal Femur Fractures following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Gannamani Subramaniam , Kavikondala Raghu , Joseph Vinay Mathew , Harsha Takkalapally , Rachakonda Kamalakar Rao , Reddy Annappareddy V. Gurava
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Periprosthetic distal femur fractures have been on the rise with an increasing number of total knee arthroplasties being performed. In addition to regular fixation principles in distal femur fractures, periprosthetic fractures pose additional challenges due to osteoporotic bone and preexisting medical comorbidities.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 31 patients who underwent surgical fixation with a locking plate using a minimally invasive technique for periprosthetic distal femur fractures at a single level 1 orthopedic hospital for 4 years.

Results:

Out of the 31 patients included in the study, 21 were female. The mean age of the study population was 65.63 years, ranging from 51 to 82 years. The mean time to union was 14.32 weeks, with a range from 12 to 22 weeks. The average Knee Society Score was 78.2, which is considered a good outcome. There was one case of implant failure in our case series, which could be attributed to immediate weight bearing.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, we found that fixation of supracondylar femur fractures associated with stable nonstemmed total knee arthroplasty with a locking plate using a minimally invasive technique yielded good results.
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair in the Elderly: Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Sangani Karthik , Adla Deepthi Nandan Reddy
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Rotator cuff tear (RCT) is one of the most common ailments around the shoulder. Its incidence increases significantly with age. However, owing to the variable healing potential and retear rates, the ideal management of RCT in the elderly is still up for debate. The purpose of this study is to observe and analyze the long-term functional outcomes in patients older than 60 years of age, who have undergone arthroscopic RCT repair.

Methods:

Fifty-seven cases who had undergone arthroscopic RCT repair with a minimum postoperative follow-up for 3 years were identified, in this single surgeon monocentric retrospective study. They were assessed using shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) scoring.

Results:

Out of the 57 patients with ages more than 60 years, 10 were beyond 70 years of age. The mean age of the group was 65.2 years (standard deviation [SD] =4.86) ranging from 60 to 84 years. The mechanism of injury was atraumatic in 27 cases. The mean follow-up period was 57.9 months (SD = 15.7). The cases were categorized based on the number of rotator cuff tendons involved in the tear. The mean SPADI% for pain in all the cases was 0.98% (SD = 2.1). Forty-two out of the total 57 cases had a SPADI of 0%. They were completely asymptomatic, with their operated shoulder as good as the other. No statistically significant correlation was found between the SPADI scores and the number of tendons repaired (r = 0.06).

Conclusion:

An optimal tension-free arthroscopic repair of the RCT can yield good results even in the elderly. The age of the patient, the duration of the tear before surgery, and the size of the tear should not be considered as a stand-alone factor to deny surgical management if the fatty infiltration is within a limit. Irrespective of the retear rates the overall functional outcomes are still good.
Active Management of Energy Source in a Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Considering Air Contaminants along the Route
Authors: Bhat Adithya , Shah Saurabh , Choubey Ayush , Barik Madhusmita , Mallappanavar Babu , Prasad P Shilpa
Published: September 2024

One of the major goals of the automotive industry is to improve vehicular fuel efficiency and performance with much lesser percentages of harmful tailpipe emissions. One of the major technologies includes fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). Fuel cell electric vehicle can positively affect the transportation industry with regards to increase in the greenhouse gas emission, air pollution. A proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell that is widely used in commercial vehicles takes hydrogen and oxygen to generate the electricity. Hydrogen stored either in liquid or compressed gas, is supplied from anode end and oxygen from atmosphere is supplied from cathode end. The atmospheric air, which enters fuel cell, also contains pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulphur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxides and dioxides (CO, CO2), methane, ammonia etc. Operation of fuel cell in a geographic region, where the concentration of pollutants mentioned is significant leads to adsorption on the catalysts surfaces and in effect greatly suppresses the oxygen reduction reaction. In other words, the effective impedance level of the electrode increases. This causes a voltage drop and overall reduces the power output of the fuel cell. The effect of this adsorption takes a huge amount of time to recover the performance of fuel cell, and in some cases, it can cause permanent damage. The paper proposes an active energy management strategy considering air pollution levels along the route. The selection of the energy source, i.e., battery or fuel cell, also depends on route attributes and weather conditions. The approach significantly reduces the energy generated by the fuel cell by 77% in the highest pollutant region, reflecting decreased air consumption in polluted regions. This not only enhances fuel cell performance but also contributes to environmental sustainability.