bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal health and human rights impacts of Russian drug policy
Authors: Golichenko Mikhail , Chu Sandra Ka Hon , Lehman Renée
Published: November 2023

This article describes how Russian drug policy defies international ethical standards in patient care and violates the human rights of pregnant people who use drugs. While the CEDAW Committee previously found Russia to be in violation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) by failing to ensure that pregnant people have access to gender‐sensitive drug dependence treatment, to date the Committee has refused to address the role of drug criminalization in enabling this human rights violation. This article outlines the gendered impacts of Russia's punitive approach to drug use, including its detrimental effects on maternal health, and concludes by urging the CEDAW Committee to follow the approach of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the UN Chief Executives, the World Health Organization, and UNAIDS, as well as senior UN lawyers and international legal experts to assess drug criminalization critically through the prism of the CEDAW convention.
Artificial visual‐tactile perception array for enhanced memory and neuromorphic computations
Authors: He Jiaqi , Wei Ruilai , Ge Shuaipeng , Wu Wenqiang , Guo Jianchao , Tao Juan , Wang Ru , Wang Chunfeng , Pan Caofeng
Published: November 2023

The emulation of human multisensory functions to construct artificial perception systems is an intriguing challenge for developing humanoid robotics and cross‐modal human–machine interfaces. Inspired by human multisensory signal generation and neuroplasticity‐based signal processing, here, an artificial perceptual neuro array with visual‐tactile sensing, processing, learning, and memory is demonstrated. The neuromorphic bimodal perception array compactly combines an artificial photoelectric synapse network and an integrated mechanoluminescent layer, endowing individual and synergistic plastic modulation of optical and mechanical information, including short‐term memory, long‐term memory, paired pulse facilitation, and “learning‐experience” behavior. Sequential or superimposed visual and tactile stimuli inputs can efficiently simulate the associative learning process of “Pavlov's dog”. The fusion of visual and tactile modulation enables enhanced memory of the stimulation image during the learning process. A machine‐learning algorithm is coupled with an artificial neural network for pattern recognition, achieving a recognition accuracy of 70% for bimodal training, which is higher than that obtained by unimodal training. In addition, the artificial perceptual neuron has a low energy consumption of ∼20 pJ. With its mechanical compliance and simple architecture, the neuromorphic bimodal perception array has promising applications in large‐scale cross‐modal interactions and high‐throughput intelligent perceptions.

image
NLRP12 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Ma Ruiqiong , Tang Zhijian , Wang Jianliu
Published: November 2023

Background

NLRP12 is a member of the intracellular Nod‐like receptor (NLR) family, suggesting it is an innate immune receptor for the initiation and progression of several cancers. However, its role on prognosis and immune infiltrates in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is still unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate its prognostic value and its association with immune infiltrates in EOC.

Methods

The mRNA expression of NLRP12 of EOC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was analyzed. The association between NLRP12 and clinicopathological characters was evaluated with logistic regression. The association between NLRP12 expression and survival was analyzed by Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses. A nomogram was used to predict the impact of NLRP12 on prognosis. Gene Ontology term analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to identify the signaling pathways related to NLRP12 expression. Immune cells infiltration for NLRP12 was analyzed using single‐sample GSEA. The relationship between NLRP12 and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells (TICs) was investigated by a Wilcoxon rank sum test. The expression of NLRP12 were also further verified in EOC tissues and cell lines. Additionally, we confirmed the biological function of NLRP12 in vitro.

Results

NLRP12 was highly expressed in patients with EOC from TCGA. High NLRP12 expression correlated with poor disease‐specific survival (p < 0.001) and overall survival (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that NLRP12 expression was an independent prognostic marker for overall survival (p = 0.042). The C‐indexes and calibration plots of the nomogram based on multivariate analysis indicated an effective predictive performance for EOC patients. GSEA showed enrichment of cell adhesion, tumorigenesis and immune response in the NLRP12 high expression group. Increased NLRP12 expression correlated positively with several TICs, including macrophages, neutrophils, T effector memory cells and immature dendritic cells (p < 0.001). In addition, NLRP12 silencing inhibited cell proliferation and migration in EOC cells.

Conclusions

In conclusion, increased NLRP12 expression correlated significantly with poor survival and immune infiltration in EOC.
Real‐world experiences of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in Hong Kong
Authors: Yiu Dorothy C. Y. , Chan Brandon L. H. , Wong Alex C. F. , Feng Maple Y. , Chan Stephen L.
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

The IMbrave150 trial established atezolizumab–bevacizumab as the new standard of care for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, evidence on its applications in real‐world patients is limited. We report the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab–bevacizumab in a Chinese cohort of HCC patients ineligible for clinical trials.

Methods

Electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with HCC and with pharmacy orders of atezolizumab and bevacizumab between 2019 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' demographics, performance status, stage, treatment received, adverse events and death time (if any) were recorded.

Results

Thirteen eligible patients were included. mOS of HCC patients was 18.6 months [6.8–30.4], while mPFS was 9.3 months [0–19.4]. No grade 5 adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

This real‐world study provides real‐world experiences of atezolizumab–bevacizumab as first‐line and subsequent therapy in patients with unresectable HCC. Further validation on the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab–bevacizumab as second‐line or later lines of treatment should be conducted.
Effects of energy loads on energy and nutrient absorption rates and gut microbiome in humans: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Yoshimura Eiichi , Hamada Yuka , Hatamoto Yoichi , Nakagata Takashi , Nanri Hinako , Nakayama Yui , Hayashi Takanori , Suzuki Ippei , Ando Takafumi , Ishikawa‐Takata Kazuko , Tanaka Shigeho , Ono Rei , Park Jonguk , Hosomi Koji , Mizuguchi Kenji , Kunisawa Jun , Miyachi Motohiko
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study aimed to determine the effects of different energy loads on the gut microbiota composition and the rates of energy and nutrient excretion via feces and urine.

Methods

A randomized crossover dietary intervention study was conducted with three dietary conditions: overfeeding (OF), control (CON), and underfeeding (UF). Ten healthy men were subjected to each condition for 8 days (4 days and 3 nights in nonlaboratory and laboratory settings each). The effects of dietary conditions on energy excretion rates via feces and urine were assessed using a bomb calorimeter.

Results

Short‐term energy loads dynamically altered the gut microbiota at the α‐diversity (Shannon index), phylum, and genus levels (p < 0.05). Energy excretion rates via urine and urine plus feces decreased under OF more than under CON (urine −0.7%; p < 0.001, urine plus feces −1.9%; p = 0.049) and UF (urine −1.0%; p < 0.001, urine plus feces −2.1%; p = 0.031). However, energy excretion rates via feces did not differ between conditions.

Conclusions

Although short‐term overfeeding dynamically altered the gut microbiota composition, the energy excretion rate via feces was unaffected. Energy excretion rates via urine and urine plus feces were lower under OF than under CON and UF conditions.
Study of the influence of PPS, PAEK, and PEEK thermoplastic matrices on the static mechanical behavior of carbon fiber‐reinforced composites
Authors: Osti de Moraes Dijan Vinicius , de Melo Morgado Guilherme Ferreira , Magnabosco Rodrigo , Rezende Mirabel Cerqueira
Published: November 2023

The growing use of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS), poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK), and poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) polymers reinforced with carbon fiber (CF) aims to meet the increasing demand for structural thermoplastic composites in applications that require excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability at higher temperatures (for example, above 120°C). The present work studied the influence of semicrystalline thermoplastic matrices of PPS, PAEK, and PEEK on the static mechanical behavior of CF‐reinforced composites through tensile tests and fractographic analysis of the respective fracture surfaces. The results of mechanical tests showed that the matrix influenced the static properties of the composites, mainly in stiffness, highlighting the CF/PEEK composite with the highest stiffness (42.3 ± 0.5 GPa) and the CF/PPS with the lowest standard deviation in tensile strength (599 ± 12 MPa). The fractographic analyses showed the good quality of the laminates, which presented an excellent matrix‐reinforcement interface, without fiber detachment or pulling out after mechanical tests, guaranteeing the transfer of efforts from the matrix to the reinforcement.

Highlights

Static mechanical behavior of structural composites with thermoplastic matrix.

Static tensile tests of CF/PPS, CF/PEEK, and CF/PAEK composites were performed.

Influence of semicrystalline matrices on the mechanical behavior of composites.

Mechanical behavior of CF‐reinforced composites with PEEK, PAEK, and PPS.

Fractographic analyses of the fracture surfaces of thermoplastic composites.
“Highly nuanced policy is very difficult to apply at scale”: Examining researcher account and content takedowns online
Authors: Zelin Aaron Y.
Published: November 2023

Since 2019, researchers examining, archiving, and collecting extremist and terrorist materials online have increasingly been taken offline. In part a consequence of the automation of content moderation by different technology companies and national governments calling for ever quicker takedowns. Based on an online survey of peers in the field, this research highlights that up to 60% of researchers surveyed have had either their accounts or content they have posted or stored online taken down from varying platforms. Beyond the quantitative data, this research also garnered qualitative answers about concerns individuals in the field had related to this problem set, namely, the lack of transparency on the part of the technology companies, hindering actual research and understanding of complicated and evolving issues related to different extremist and terrorist phenomena, undermining potential collaboration within the research field, and the potential of self‐censorship online. An easy solution to this would be a whitelist, though there are inherent downsides related to this as well, especially between researchers at different levels in their careers, institutional affiliation or lack thereof, and inequalities between researchers from the West versus Global South. Either way, securitizing research in however form it evolves in the future will fundamentally hurt research.
Communicating with LGBTQ+ persons at end of life: A case‐based analysis of interdisciplinary palliative clinician perspectives
Authors: Rosa William E. , McDarby Meghan , Buller Haley , Ferrell Betty R.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ+) persons with serious illness and their families often experience end‐of‐life (EOL) care disparities, such as homophobia and transphobia, disrespect and mistreatment, and exclusion of significant others or life partners. The aim of the study was to explore interdisciplinary clinicians’ communication knowledge and priorities using a case of a gay man at EOL and his same‐sex, cisgender spouse.

Methods

Interdisciplinary clinicians (n = 150) who participated in a national 3‐day communication training program, rooted in Adult Learning Theory and supported by the National Cancer Institute, responded to open‐ended questions about a composite case study emphasizing diversity challenges relevant to LGBTQ + communities in the EOL context. A thematic analysis of responses using an iterative, inductive approach was conducted until saturation was reached.

Results

Participants from nursing (48%), social work (35%) and chaplaincy (17%) responded to the survey. Five themes emerged: 1) provision of patient‐centered care; 2) legal and ethical factors inform care and decision making; 3) considerations of same‐sex spouse or couple context; 4) dynamics and role of family of origin; and 5) elements of inclusive clinical care.

Conclusions

LGBTQ + inclusive communication training is essential for all palliative clinicians to deliver culturally safe care. Our findings have implications for identifying unconscious bias, addressing discriminatory care, filling clinician knowledge gaps, and informing educational interventions to support LGBTQ + inclusion. Future research must focus on micro‐ and macro‐level communication issues that shape the quality of palliative and EOL care for patients and chosen family members.
The psychological impact of sarcoma on affected patients
Authors: Franzoi Isabella Giulia , Granieri Antonella , Sauta Maria Domenica , Agnesone Monica , Gonella Marco , Grimaldi Carola , Vallauri Irene , Boglione Antonella , Vana Federica , Bergnolo Paola , Comandone Alessandro
Published: November 2023

Objective

Sarcoma diagnosis and its treatment trajectory may deeply affect the somatopsychic balance of patients and their caregivers. This systematic review aimed at deepening the understanding of sarcoma's impact on the entire family unit involved in the illness experience on a physical (e.g. fatigue), psychological (e.g. mental health, affective regulation, defense mechanisms), and interpersonal (e.g. social isolation, loneliness) level.

Methods

The systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. The literature search led to the identification and subsequent inclusion of 44 articles focused on sarcoma patients. Results were classified into seven categories: Quality of Life, worries and distress, anxiety and depression, suicide ideation, financial and occupational consequences, unmet needs, and coping strategies. Our search identified only one study focusing on informal caregivers, thus we could not perform a systematic review on these results.

Results

Our findings underlined the traumatic impact of the sarcoma diagnosis. Patients can experience an impoverished emotional life, somatization, social withdrawal, difficulty in decision‐making, increased feelings of discouragement and demoralization, and profound experiences of helplessness and vulnerability. Moreover, they seemed to display anxiety and depression and might present a higher suicide incidence than the general population.

Conclusion

Our review highlighted that the psychosocial aftermath of sarcoma patients should guide institutions and healthcare professionals toward the design of assessment and intervention models that could contemplate the different dimensions of their suffering. Furthermore, it points out that there is still a lack of evidence regarding the psychosocial impact affecting sarcoma patients' caregivers.
Reappraising personal values in cancer: Meaning‐in‐life adaptation, meaningfulness, and quality of life
Authors: Carreno David F. , Eisenbeck Nikolett , Uclés‐Juárez Rubén , García‐Montes José Manuel
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study explores the reappraisal of personal values among people with cancer post‐diagnosis and its connections to meaningfulness, encompassing personal meaning and sense of meaning, and various dimensions of quality of life.

Methods

A total of 144 patients with diverse cancer types and a control group comprising 158 healthy adults with similar demographic characteristics completed the Valued Living Questionnaire‐Perceived Change, the Personal Meaning Profile‐Brief, the Portrait Values Questionnaire, and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐Being.

Results

Cancer patients displayed a substantial values reappraisal compared to healthy adults. They reported an increased significance of social areas and self‐transcendental values, including close relationships (family, partner, and friends), spirituality, citizenship, and universalism, as well as an increased importance of self‐care and self in general. Conversely, cancer patients assigned less importance to work and self‐enhancement values such as stimulation, power, and achievement. Cluster analysis revealed that patients who reappraised their values exhibited higher meaningfulness and better indicators of quality of life, including spiritual and physical well‐being, compared to patients who did not modify their value system.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the importance of assessing and promoting meaning‐in‐life adaptability among people with cancer, with potential applications in meaning‐centered therapies and interventions aimed at enhancing psychological flexibility.
The 2022 monkeypox outbreak 1 year on: The 5 Ws
Authors: Khan Gulfaraz , Perveen Nighat
Published: November 2023

In May 2022, World Health Organization (WHO) reported an outbreak of Mpox in several European countries which were previously Mpox free. Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a zoonotic viral disease endemic in Central and West Africa. The sudden emergence of Mpox outside Africa and its subsequent rapid spread lead the WHO to declare the outbreak as Public Health Emergency of International Concern. By 15 May 2023, a total of 87,704 confirmed cases and 140 deaths had been reported from 111 countries and territories worldwide. Looking back on this outbreak 1 year later, several important questions have arisen. Here, we address these questions using the classic 5 Ws: What, When, Where, Who and Why? We discuss these questions to understand how this outbreak emerged and how it was effectively managed. We outline what needs to be done to prevent, or at least minimise, outbreaks due to emerging and re‐emerging viral infections.
Corporate governance for sustainability: Connecting environmental, social and economic goals
Authors: Bhat Basit Ali , Makkar Manpreet Kaur , Gupta Nitin
Published: November 2023

This paper examines corporate governance's influence on corporate Sustainability in South Asian firms. Recent developments in social injustice, environmental issues and economic turmoil in South Asian countries have motivated the authors. The study used the GMM unbalanced panel data estimation on top South Asian listed firms. The time‐period of the sample taken is of ten years (2012–2022). This study reveals that among South Asian nations, companies listed in the Indian and Bangladesh stock markets have a high percentage of sustainability disclosure reporting. The study's findings show that Board size, independence, and qualification positively impact environmental sustainability reporting performance. In contrast, CEO Duality significantly negatively influences social, environmental, and economic sustainability. The study has implications for the companies and policymakers of South Asian countries and encouraged the firms to restructure the board to enhance its effectiveness to monitor better and support all aspects of corporate sustainability.
A sense of risk: Responses to crowdfunding risk disclosures
Authors: Shrestha Prabal , Thewissen James , Arslan‐Ayaydin Özgür , Parhankangas Annaleena
Published: November 2023

Research Summary

This paper examines how reward‐based crowdfunding backers respond to risk disclosures. Combining theoretical frameworks from financial accounting with the risk perception literature, we adopt an abductive research approach to explore various nuances that influence backers' tolerance for risk information. In addition to identifying the general dynamics in backers' risk interpretation, we highlight the complexities introduced by differences in the disclosure's semantic content, expressed feelings, and the discloser's background attributes. Relying on a hierarchical Bayesian mixture model, we first identify a positive curvilinear relationship between risk information quantity and crowdfunding success. We then demonstrate the influences of what is disclosed, how it is disclosed, and who discloses it, while emphasizing the context‐bound specificities of individual project types.

Managerial Summary

Our study aids entrepreneurs to effectively communicate risks in reward‐based crowdfunding campaigns. We consistently find that entrepreneurs provided substantially less risk information than the optimum amount of information, emphasizing the need for more extensive disclosures. On what to disclose, backers favored information on risks that are consequential to them personally and not those that affect the entrepreneur's project. On how to disclose, expressed feelings had little influence on how much risk information backers preferred. However, who provides the disclosure was crucial, as trust‐enhancing factors increased backers' appetite for risk information. Together, our findings show that, while communicating risks, entrepreneurs should be cognizant that online backers undertake calculative evaluations and have material motivations. Furthermore, our category level results aid entrepreneurs in making practical judgments on context‐specific deviations across project types.
Designing a phase‐III time‐to‐event clinical trial using a modified sample size formula and Poisson‐Gamma model for subject accrual that accounts for the lag in site initiation using the PERT distribution
Authors: Shipes Virginia B. , Meinzer Caitlyn , Wolf Bethany J. , Li Hong , Carpenter Mathew J. , Kamel Hooman , Martin Renee H.
Published: November 2023

A priori estimation of sample size and subject accrual in multi‐site, time‐to‐event clinical trials is often challenging. Such trials are powered based on the number of events needed to detect a clinically significant difference. Sample size based on number of events relates to the expected duration of observation time for each subject. Temporal patterns in site initiation and subject enrollment ultimately affect when subjects can be accrued into the study. Lag times are common as the site start‐up process optimizes, resulting in delays that may curtail observational follow‐up and therefore undermine power. The proposed method introduces a Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) model into the sample size estimation which accounts for the lag in site start‐up. Additionally, a PERT model is introduced into a Poisson‐Gamma subject accrual model to predict the quantity of study sites needed. The introduction of the PERT model provides greater flexibility in both a priori power assessment and planning the number of sites, as it specifically allows for the inclusion of anticipated delays in site start‐up time. This model results in minimal power loss even when PERT distribution inputs are misspecified compared to the traditional assumption of simultaneous start‐up for all sites. Together these updated formulations for sample size and subject accrual models offer an improved method for designing a multi‐site time‐to‐event clinical trial that accounts for a flexible site start‐up process.
Differences in resilience profiles between military veterans and the general population: An exploratory latent profile analysis using the HUNT‐4 survey
Authors: Nordstrand Andreas Espetvedt , Bøe Hans Jakob , Hjemdal Odin , Huffman Ann Hergatt , Noll Laura Katherine , Reichelt Jon Gerhard , Bakker Lars‐Petter , Anyan Frederick
Published: November 2023

Using latent profile analyses, the current work investigated levels of adverse childhood experiences, symptoms of anxiety and depression and 3 dimensions of relational promotive factors) to identify resilience profiles in a large general population sample (N = 161,622, mean age = 53.02; SD = 17.80; 56.1% females). We then used the same method to identify the resilience profiles of military veterans (N = 386, mean age = 43.47; SD = 10.08; 9.8% females), all of whom had served in Afghanistan. A four‐profile‐solution was the best fitting for the general population (High resilient 30%, Moderate resilient 13%, Low resilient 53%, Work/social‐based resilience 4%), while a three‐profile‐solution had the best fit in the veteran cohort (Family‐based resilience 28%, Work/social‐based resilience 62%, Hardy loners 10%). To ground the identified profiles in occupational function, we also checked how they predicted reports of sleep difficulties, job demand and job control. Despite both samples inhabiting a geographic region known for high socioeconomic similarity among residents, we found marked differences in profile‐solutions between the military veterans and the general population. Our findings suggests that resilience profiles are highly influenced by cohort characteristics and the specific resources needed to manage a given stressor load. Accordingly, the generalisability of specific protective factors may be low across distinct cohorts, and reliable findings need to be obtained in specific populations as defined by stressor context, sample characteristics, and relevant outcomes.
“Things your history teacher won't teach you: Science edition”: Black women science teachers as anti‐racist teachers
Authors: Riley Alexis D. , Mensah Felicia Moore
Published: November 2023

Marginalized communities cannot and do not have decontextualized experiences with how socioscientific issues, such as exposure to COVID‐19 as frontline essential workers, high Black infant mortality rates, air pollution leading to respiratory problems, and other issues, affect their communities. As PreK‐12 science teachers and teacher educators strive to dismantle oppressive practices in their classrooms and curriculum, it would be helpful to learn from Black women science teachers who have been engaging in anti‐racist practices before the racial awakenings of Summer 2020. In this study, three different virtual focus groups, or Sista Circles, were conducted with 18 Black women secondary science teachers. Ranging from 1 to 22 years of experience, Black women teachers across the country and international participants in Canada and Qatar participated in the Sista Circles. From intersectional qualitative analysis and narrative inquiry, the findings of the study reveal that Black women science teachers enact anti‐racist science teaching by bringing something new to the community; using NGSS standards within the context of the community; teaching at the intersection of history, culture, and science learning and teaching; and building critical consciousness in the science classroom. Furthermore, the findings of the study have implications for the use of anti‐racist frameworks within the context of science education that were authentically the practices of the Black women in the study. This study offers insights into how the critical consciousness of Black women teachers can be represented in the science classroom even in times of nonsupport from peers and administration. The power and necessity of Black women teachers are paramount in science classrooms specifically because of the neutral, apolitical ways science teaching has been approached in the past. The narratives and stories shared here exemplify how Black women science teachers transform science teaching and learning by displaying various acts of Criticality.
A Book Proof of the Middle Levels Theorem
Authors: Mütze Torsten
Published: November 2023

We give a short constructive proof for the existence of a Hamilton cycle in the subgraph of the $$(2n+1)$$

(
2
n
+
1
)

-dimensional hypercube induced by all vertices with exactly n or $$n+1$$

n
+
1

many 1s.
Explaining in-vitro to in-vivo efficacy correlations in oncology pre-clinical development via a semi-mechanistic mathematical model
Authors: Huber Heinrich J. , Mistry Hitesh B.
Published: November 2023

In-vitro to in-vivo correlations (IVIVC), relating in-vitro parameters like IC50 to in-vivo drug exposure in plasma and tumour growth, are widely used in oncology for experimental design and dose decisions. However, they lack a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Our paper therefore focuses on linking empirical IVIVC relations for small-molecule kinase inhibitors with a semi-mechanistic tumour-growth model. We develop an approach incorporating parameters like the compound’s peak-trough ratio (PTR), Hill coefficient of in-vitro dose-response curves, and xenograft-specific properties. This leads to formulas for determining efficacious doses for tumor stasis under linear pharmacokinetics equivalent to traditional empirical IVIVC relations, but enabling more systematic analysis. Our findings reveal that in-vivo xenograft-specific parameters, specifically the growth rate (g) and decay rate (d), along with the average exposure, are generally more significant determinants of tumor stasis and effective dose than the compound’s peak-trough ratio. However, as the Hill coefficient increases, the dependency of tumor stasis on the PTR becomes more pronounced, indicating that the compound is more influenced by its maximum or trough values rather than the average exposure. Furthermore, we discuss the translation of our method to predict population dose ranges in clinical studies and propose a resistance mechanism that solely relies on specific in-vivo xenograft parameters instead of IC50 exposure coverage. In summary, our study aims to provide a more mechanistic understanding of IVIVC relations, emphasizing the importance of xenograft-specific parameters and PTR on tumor stasis.
Geef artsen al vroeg onderwijs over beleid en bestuur
Authors: van den Broek Robert , Dongelmans Edo , van Beeck Ed
Published: November 2023

Samenvatting

Het dagelijks werk van een arts bestaat uit patiëntenzorg (eerste vak) en uit allerlei andere zaken, zoals verandermanagement of beleidsontwikkeling (tweede vak). Op dit moment worden studenten geneeskunde nog onvoldoende op het tweede vak voorbereid. In 2019 zijn wij daarom gestart met nieuw onderwijs binnen de master geneeskunde, waarbij alle studenten vroeg in hun carrière proactief kennismaken met het tweede vak. Uit de huidige evaluatie blijkt dat deelnemers het onderwijs als zeer waardevol ervaren, met hoge waarderingen voor inhoud en docent. Wij overwegen nu verdere uitbreiding van het onderwijs. Daarnaast zou soortgelijk onderwijs ook in andere opleidingsregio’s geïntroduceerd kunnen worden.
Een 67-jarige man met verdenking op forse enkelzijdige hydronefrose; een beeld veroorzaakt door renale lymfangiëctasie
Authors: Feikema Astrid , Dijkstra Siebren , Kemper Frank
Published: November 2023

Samenvatting

Een 67-jarige patiënt werd verwezen in verband met nierfunctiestoornissen en een echografisch beeld verdacht voor hydronefrose links. De CT-blanco liet hydronefrose links zien met een kaliberwisseling mid-ureter. Om een urotheelcelcarcinoom als oorzaak van de hydronefrose uit te sluiten, werd een CT-urografie verricht, die het beeld van renale lymfangiëctasie liet zien, zonder aanwijzingen voor maligniteit. Deze zeer zeldzame aandoening komt vaak als toevalsbevinding aan het licht bij verdenking van hydronefrose op echografie of een CT-blanco. Renale lymfangiëctasie verloopt vaak asymptomatisch en behoeft om die reden geen behandeling. Indien er toch sprake is van symptomen, zoals flankpijn, hematurie of complicaties als gevolg van verhoogde druk op het pyelocalicieel systeem kan behandeling overwogen worden middels drainage of chirurgische interventie.
Sticky nonlinear SDEs and convergence of McKean–Vlasov equations without confinement
Authors: Durmus Alain , Eberle Andreas , Guillin Arnaud , Schuh Katharina
Published: November 2023

We develop a new approach to study the long time behaviour of solutions to nonlinear stochastic differential equations in the sense of McKean, as well as propagation of chaos for the corresponding mean-field particle system approximations. Our approach is based on a sticky coupling between two solutions to the equation. We show that the distance process between the two copies is dominated by a solution to a one-dimensional nonlinear stochastic differential equation with a sticky boundary at zero. This new class of equations is then analyzed carefully. In particular, we show that the dominating equation has a phase transition. In the regime where the Dirac measure at zero is the only invariant probability measure, we prove exponential convergence to equilibrium both for the one-dimensional equation, and for the original nonlinear SDE. Similarly, propagation of chaos is shown by a componentwise sticky coupling and comparison with a system of one dimensional nonlinear SDEs with sticky boundaries at zero. The approach applies to equations without confinement potential and to interaction terms that are not of gradient type.
Atomic Dispersed Hetero-Pairs for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Jin Zhaoyong , Yang Meiqi , Dong Yilong , Ma Xingcheng , Wang Ying , Wu Jiandong , Fan Jinchang , Wang Dewen , Xi Rongshen , Zhao Xiao , Xu Tianyi , Zhao Jingxiang , Zhang Lei , Singh David J. , Zheng Weitao , Cui Xiaoqiang
Published: November 2023

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) involves a variety of intermediates with highly correlated reaction and ad-desorption energies, hindering optimization of the catalytic activity. For example, increasing the binding of the *COOH to the active site will generally increase the *CO desorption energy. Breaking this relationship may be expected to dramatically improve the intrinsic activity of CO2RR, but remains an unsolved challenge. Herein, we addressed this conundrum by constructing a unique atomic dispersed hetero-pair consisting of Mo-Fe di-atoms anchored on N-doped carbon carrier. This system shows an unprecedented CO2RR intrinsic activity with TOF of 3336 h−1, high selectivity toward CO production, Faradaic efficiency of 95.96% at − 0.60 V and excellent stability. Theoretical calculations show that the Mo-Fe diatomic sites increased the *COOH intermediate adsorption energy by bridging adsorption of *COOH intermediates. At the same time, d-d orbital coupling in the Mo-Fe di-atom results in electron delocalization and facilitates desorption of *CO intermediates. Thus, the undesirable correlation between these steps is broken. This work provides a promising approach, specifically the use of di-atoms, for breaking unfavorable relationships based on understanding of the catalytic mechanisms at the atomic scale.
Study on deep learning methods for coal burst risk prediction based on mining-induced seismicity quantification
Authors: Cheng Xianggang , Qiao Wei , He Hu
Published: November 2023

The assessment of Coal burst risk (CBR) is the premise of bump disaster prevention and control. It is the implementation criterion to guide various rock burst prevention and control measures. The existing static prediction and evaluation methods for CBR cannot be effectively combined with the results of underground dynamic monitoring. This study proposed a mining-induced seismicity information quantification method based on the fractal theory. Deep learning methods were used to construct a deep learning framework of coal burst risk (DLFR) based on the fractal dimension of microseismic information. Gray correlation analysis (GRA), information gain ratio (IGR), and Pearson correlation coefficient are used to screen and compare factors. Statistical evaluation indicators such as macro-F1, accuracy rate, and fitness curve were used to evaluate model performance. Taking the Gaojiapu coal mine as a case study, the performance of deep learning models such as BP Neural Network (BP), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and its optimized model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm under this framework is discussed. The research results' reliability and validity are verified by comparing the predicted results with the actual results. The research results show that the prediction results of CBR in DLFR are consistent with the actual results, and the model is reliable and effective. The mining-induced seismicity quantification can solve the problem of insufficient training samples for the CBR. With this, different pressure relief measures can be formulated based on the results of the CBR predictions to achieve "graded" precise prevention and control.
A sustainable preparation strategy for the nitrogen-doped hierarchical biochar with high surface area for the enhanced removal of organic dye
Authors: Mao Yiting , Cai Bo , Huang Ming , Liu Xiaohuan , Zhang Wenbiao , Ma Zhongqing
Published: November 2023

Biochar is a potential porous carbon to remove the contaminants from aquatic environments. Herein, N-doped hierarchical biochar was produced by the combined approach of ammonia torrefaction pretreatment (ATP) and alkali activation. ATP could not only incorporate N element into poplar wood, but obtain the loose structure of poplar wood. The highest surface area of N-doped hierarchical biochar was 2324.61 m2 g−1 after ammonia wet torrefaction pretreatment, which was higher than that of activation carbon (1401.82 m2 g−1) without torrefaction pretreatment, the hierarchical biochar (2111.03 m2 g−1) without ammonia atmosphere. The N-doped hierarchical biochar presented the highest adsorption capacity (564.7 mg g−1) of methyl orange (MO), which was 14.64-fold of that on biochar without N doping. In addition, the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir model fitted well with the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of the N-doped hierarchical biochar. The incorporation of nitrogen element could not only tune the distribution of surface electrons on biochar, but optimize the ambient condition of adsorption active sites as well. The adsorption of MO might occur on the N-/O-containing functional groups through the electrostatic interaction, the π-π dispersion interaction, and the hydrogen bonding. The density functional theory showed that the graphitic-N and pyridinic-N were the dominant adsorption active sites.

Graphical Abstract
Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and St Peter’s Keys: Building Technology and Vitruvian Theory
Authors: Holzman Samuel , Yerkes Carolyn
Published: November 2023

This article reconstructs an exceptional lifting device — a cruciform lewis — drawn by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger (1484–1546) at St Peter’s Basilica in Rome and connects it to the other drawings, mainly of Vitruvian theory, on the same sheet (now in the Uffizi in Florence). Elements of this sheet, dated to January 1542, have been studied in isolation, but this article connects them, underscoring how Sangallo’s theoretical interests in the art of building and the practicalities of masonry construction were inseparable. A question posed by the sheet is whether it documents Sangallo’s archaeological discoveries of ancient Roman tools or presents newly contrived ones — categories that Sangallo’s drawings move fluidly between. His studies should be understood in relation to the immediate problems that he faced on the building site of St Peter’s and within the broader context of other Renaissance drawings of machines, such as those by Francesco di Giorgio and Leonardo da Vinci.
A Dark Portrait: John Britton’s Denunciation of John Soane
Authors: Lukacher Brian
Published: November 2023

This article presents hitherto overlooked documents at Vassar College in the United States relating to the character and reputation of the architect John Soane (1753–1837). The antiquarian and topographic author John Britton (1771–1857), a lifelong friend and associate of Soane, planned to write a ’tell-all’ biography in which he would reveal the malicious nature of the architect, and his obsession with remembrance and veneration, to scandalous effect. The scope and purpose of Britton’s intended exposé are established here through notes and correspondences that describe the resentful microclimate of the architects, writers, employees and family members in Soane’s orbit. A further manuscript by Britton, which satirises his devotion to Soane and the architect’s house museum, is also analysed. In the process, the article broaches the role of architectural journalism in fashioning the reputations of architects and their private and public personas in early Victorian London. It also considers the relationship of temperament to architectural invention and historiographic permutations in the controversial appraisal of Soane.
Women and the Construction Industry in Georgian Britain and Ireland
Authors: Lucey Conor
Published: November 2023

While the role of women as designers and/or patrons of architecture in eighteenth-century Britain and Ireland is increasingly recognised, their role in the making of architecture remains contested. This article sheds light on the subject by drawing not just on the extensive secondary literature, but also on records of livery companies and other primary sources in London and Dublin. It begins with the building site, focusing on female apprenticeship. Here substantial evidence is provided showing that girls bound to bricklayers, carpenters and plasterers as apprentices — the so-called ’lost labourers’ of recent scholarship, recorded in guild registers and court minutes — did not in fact acquire craft skills or work as on-site operatives in those trades. The article then turns to those areas of the building process to which women did make a substantial contribution: first the practical realm, including brickmaking, lime-burning and the cleaning and preparation of carved and moulded work for painters and decorators; then the organisational realm of business, including property development, house-building and estate management. Taken together, these stories from the margins of architectural and labour histories make clear the distinction between competence in skills and competence in business, giving a more accurate picture of the multifarious nature of female participation in the construction industry in the Georgian era.
Mental health symptoms and their associated factors among pharmacists in psychiatric hospitals during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhang Ling , Li Zhenkuo , Li Mengdie , Yang Yating , Hsu Michael , Xia Lei , Liu Tingfang , Liu Yuanli , Jiang Feng , Liu Huanzhong , Tang Yi-lang
Published: November 2023

As frontline workers, pharmacists often face significant work stress, especially in psychiatric settings. A multicenter cross-sectional design was conducted in 41 psychiatric hospitals. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) was used to measure the mental health of 636 pharmacists. We also collected demographic data and work-related variables. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 20.60%, 22.96% and 8.96%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that several common factors were associated with depression, anxiety and stress, including professional identity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.132, 0.381 and 0.352) and verbal violence (OR = 2.068, 2.615 and 2.490). Those who were satisfied with their job were less likely to develop depression (OR = 0.234) or anxiety (OR = 0.328). We found specific factors associated with mental health. Older age (OR = 1.038) and perceived negative impact (OR = 2.398) of COVID-19 on medical work were associated with anxiety, and those with frontline experience with COVID-19 patients (OR = 2.306) were more likely to experience stress. More than one-fifth of pharmacists in psychiatric hospitals experienced symptoms of depression or anxiety during the pandemic, highlighting the need for policy change to improve workplace conditions and psychological well-being for this professional group.
Inviscid protostellar disc ring formation and high-density ring edges due to the ejection and subsequent infall of material onto a protostellar disc
Authors: Liffman Kurt
Published: November 2023

Discs of gas and dust are ubiquitous around protostars. Hypothetical viscous interactions within the disc are thought to cause the gas and dust to accrete onto the star. Turbulence within the disc is theorised to be the source of this disc viscosity. However, observed protostellar disc turbulence often appears to be small and not always conducive to disc accretion. In addition, theories for disc and planet evolution have difficulty in explaining the observed disc rings/gaps which form much earlier than expected.

Protostellar accretion discs are observed to contain significant quantities of dust and pebbles. Observations also show that some of this material is ejected from near the protostar, where it travels to the outer regions of the disc. Such solid infalling material has a relatively small amount of angular momentum compared to the material in the disc. This infalling material lowers the angular momentum of the disc and should drive a radial flow towards the protostar.

We show that the local radial accretion speed of the disc is proportional to the mass rate of infalling material onto the disc. Higher rates of infall onto the disc implies higher radial accretion disc speeds. As such, regions with high rates of infall of gas, dust, and pebbles onto the disc will produce gaps on relatively short timescales in the disc, while regions associated with relative low rates of infalling material will produce disc rings. As such, the inner edge of a disc gap will tend to have a higher surface density, which may enhance the probability of planet formation. In addition, the outer edge of a disc gap will act as a dust trap and may also become a site for planet formation.

For the early Solar System, such a process may have collected O

$^{16}$

-poor forsterite dust from the inner regions of the protosolar disc and O

$^{16}$

-rich CAIs and AOAs from the inner edge regions of the protosolar disc, thereby constructing a region favourable to the formation of pre-chondritic planetesimals.
Publius’ Proleptic Constitution
Authors: EWING CONNOR M.
Published: November 2023

Even as The Federalist is frequently read to illuminate the origins of the American constitutional order, it advances a powerful account of the political future to be created and encountered by the polity the Constitution would found. Central to this account is a proleptic mode of analysis used to anticipate probable political developments and future patterns of constitutional politics, depict their systemic consequences, and identify how those consequences would feed back into the political system. Publius’ proleptic analyses comprise a descriptive theory of constitutional development according to which success on the terms stipulated—namely, the realization of a stable and well-administered constitutional union—would both bolster the new national government and supply the conditions for the expansion of its authority. Together, The Federalist’s proleptic analyses and the developmental theory they comprise disclose a dynamic constitutional imagination characterized by the changeability of authority relations.