bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and trait profiles of some Amaranthus genotypes
Authors: Oyetunde Oyeboade Adebiyi , Olayiwola Muyideen Oluseyi , Osho Beatrice Toyin
Published: November 2021

Knowledge of the pattern of trait variation among accessions, and the trait profiles of the accessions is crucial for improvement of a crop. Twenty-one Amaranthus accessions were evaluated in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the extent of genotypic diversity among the amaranth accessions and their trait profiles. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and correlation and principal component analyses. Taking stem weight (SWT) as the yield, the accession × yield-trait combination (GYT) biplot was employed to investigate the trait profiles of the accessions. Accession, year, and accession × year mean squares were significant (P≤0.05/0.01) for most of the measured traits. The first three principal components explained 88.18% of observable variation among the accessions and identified plant height (PHT), number of leaves per plant (NOL), and root weight (RWT) as the major contributors. Significant (P≤0.01) correlation was observed in the association of SWT with NOL, TBM, and RWT. Accessions NGB00019 and NGB00061 were associated with the sector containing all the YT combinations considered. However, NGB00019 was identified as the best combiner of yield with other traits. Further studies involving more traits should determine the trait profiles of the remaining accessions.
Punica granatum L. extract contributes to phytopathogens control and enhances Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. germination in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Silva Suzanna de Sousa , Alves Patrícia Costa dos Santos , Coutinho Denise Fernandes , Luz Tássio Rômulo Silva Araújo , Fontoura Guilherme Martins Gomes , Berretta Andresa Aparecida , Gonçalves Maciel Marcia Cristina
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to investigate antimicrobial activity of the hydroalcoholic crude extract from the fruit peel of Punica granatum (Pp) and punicalagin compound (Pg) on phytopathogenic bacterial isolates and its potential use as a sustainable alternative in treatment of vegetable seeds. The antimicrobial activity in vitro was tested by agar well diffusion assay and through viability tests in liquid medium. In vivo treatment with Pp was tested on Eruca vesicaria seeds infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Pp induced the formation of large inhibition zones to the growth of the tested pathogens (35.33 mm – 6.66 mm), with dose-dependent effect. Viability tests confirmed the antimicrobial activity of the Pp on X. campestris pv. campestris and P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 μg/mL. Punicalagin compound presented MIC of the 31.25 μg/mL. The seed treatment with Pp indicated control of pathogen-induced symptoms in seedlings of the E. vesicaria and positive effect in seed germination, emergence and in stomatal functionality. The results indicate strong potential of the extract from the fruit peel of P. granatum and Punicalagin for formulating botanical pesticides for plant disease control.
An efficient Capacitor Bank Operating System for Single Phase Power Factor Correction using Neural Network Estimations
Authors: Shakya Subarna
Published: November 2021

Wastage of electricity occurs in all places starting from a small house electrical loading to a heavy industrial electrical loading. KiloVolt-Ampere Reactive (KVAR) power metering devices are employed in industrial applications for measuring the energy utilization which measure the energy wastage along with it. This urges a consumer to pay for the unutilized or wasted energy as well. To avoid this, certain capacitor bank units are connected to the industrial application motor units. The right choice of capacitor rating are helpful in minimizing the wasted power observation in the KVAR meters. The selection of capacitor rating is analysed with respect to the power factor calculation. The power factor is a derivation of working power to the apparent power in an electrical system. An optimum power factor to be maintained in an electrical system is 1. The motive of the proposed work is to maintain the power factor by selecting an optimum capacitor bank on the operation of an electrical system at various load conditions. The requirement of capacitor bank values get changed with respect to the load given to an electrical system. A neural network based prediction model is employed in the work for estimating the right choice of capacitor bank. The efficiency of the proposed work is verified and found satisfied with a traditional capacitor bank operating system.
IMPROVEMENT OF RESCUE OPERATION WHEN POSTING GRINDING BALLS INTO A DIGGER
Authors: Ostrovsky Anatoliy
Published: November 2021

A characteristic feature of modern industries is the steady growth of mechanization and automation of production processes. The economic and social significance of mechanization is manifested in a wide range of measures aimed at replacing manual labor with machines and mechanisms, the transition to higher levels of mechanization, and ultimately to the highest degree of mechanization of automation.
The combined development of science and technology significantly affects both complex and partial (non-complex) mechanization of production processes, generating an increase in the number of parts. A significant place in the technology of manufacturing parts is the casting process. About half of the parts are made of molten metals and other materials.
One of the common methods is die casting. Shells (molds) of metal or cast iron molds, for free (gravitational) filling with liquid metal, are used repeatedly. Detachable and non-removable (solid) molds are used. The opening surface of the detachable mold can be horizontal, vertical, or combined. The subject of the study is a mold, which consists of two half-shapes with a vertical opening surface and pins of mutual centering of the shells.
A wide range of enterprises: mining and processing plants, cement plants, construction plants, energy generating companies, etc. use the products of casting in the mold grinding layers. All types and sizes of grinding layers are intended for grinding of raw materials.
Due to various technical reasons, during casting, a metal film is formed near the grinding balls, which fills the entire surface of the opening of the detachable mold. The operation of removing the lattice from the grinding layers is necessary to reproduce the geometric shape, quality requirements and considerations of industrial aesthetics of the product. Performing such an additional operation requires the collective work of employees with the use of physical force and appropriate tools. Existing technology with the use of metalwork tools leads to a deterioration in the appearance of the layers, and sometimes to damage the products.
The essence of improving the lattice operation is to use a specially designed device for this operation, which in turn creates the conditions for mechanization of the production of grinding balls.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DESIGN OF A PYROLYSIS INSTALLATION FOR WASTE DISPOSAL WITH DIRECTED DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT FLOWS
Authors: Iskovich-Lototskyy Rostyslav , Veselovska Nataliia , Bratslavets Bohdan , Yalina Olha
Published: November 2021

Waste recycling is now gaining in importance around the world. The range of drugs used, the volume and degree of danger of waste generated by the activities of industrial institutions is increasing. As a result, the risk of epidemics increases. Therefore, the creation of an effective design of the furnace as the main unit of the pyrolysis unit is an urgent task.
The purpose of the furnace environment is to create in the working chamber the necessary and optimal physical and chemical conditions for the implementation of thermotechnological, thermotechnical and mechanical processes and protection of raw materials and obtained target products from unwanted chemical processes. The following substances are used as heat extraction reagent: air, inert and recirculating gases, water, steam, etc. If necessary, a slow decrease in temperature, cooling of materials and products is carried out together with the oven. Heat transfer processes in the waste disposal plant take place in difficult conditions and are characterized by a number of specific features. One of the main features is the high intensity of heat transfer. Another feature of thermal processes is the non-stationary temperature field in the working chamber of the furnace. Heat exchange in the working chamber of the furnace is carried out in three types - thermal conductivity, convection and thermal radiation, any combination of them or all types simultaneously, but one type of heat transfer always prevails over others in full or in a certain area of the furnace.
Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Padi Ladang di Kabupaten Buton Utara (Studi Kasus di Desa Ronta Kecamatan Bonegunu Kabupaten Buton Utara)
Authors: Zakariah Agista Auliani Istiqfarah , Abdi Abdi , Yusria Wa Ode
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the financial feasibility of upland rice farming in Ronta Village, Bonegunu District, North Buton Regency. The research was carried out in May 2021 - June 2021 in Ronta Village, Bonegunu District, North Buton Regency. The research data were analyzed using quantitative methods with cost, revenue, income, and financial feasibility. The study results showed that upland rice farming in Ronta Village, Bonegunu District, North Buton Regency was feasible to cultivate and develop based on economic feasibility criteria. The NPV value obtained was IDR 958.8 with an interest rate of 14%, BEP IDR 4,614, and 72.78 kg. IRR is 25%, the required Payback Period is 1.5 years, and the B/C Ratio is 3.76. In the sensitivity analysis, if there is a 30% decrease in price, then the upland rice farming in Ronta Village is not feasible to develop because it does not meet the five financial feasibility investment criteria.
Analisis Peranan Pusat Pelatihan Pertanian dan Pedesaan Swadaya (P4S) Manunggal Tani dalam Pemberdayaan Petani di Desa Bero Kecamatan Trucuk Kabupaten Klaten
Authors: Pravitasari Erlin Dara , Wibowo Agung , Widiyanto Widiyanto
Published: November 2021

The problem in the world of agriculture today is that farmers are still dependent on government assistance. One of the affected villages is Bero Village. The problem is that farmers are still dependent on government assistance, so they need the education to increase their resources and don't depend on the government. The strategy taken to overcome the problem is to hold a farmer empowerment program. The extension group involved in the empowerment activities is the non-governmental organization P4S Manunggal Tani. This study was conducted to determine the role of P4S Manunggal Tani on farmer empowerment and the impact of farmer empowerment on self-reliance. The research method used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The location of this research is the non-governmental organization P4S Manunggal Tani located in Bero Village, Trucuk District, Klaten Regency. The study was conducted from December 2020 – July 2021. The method of determining the informants of this research was using purposive and snowball sampling. Testing the validity of this research data are using triangulation methods and triangulation sources. The results showed that the role of P4S Manunggal Tani in empowering farmers in Bero Village are training, counseling, farmer regeneration, and network development. This empowerment activity impacted increasing the human resources of farmers, and farmers are independent by not depending on the government, which is characterized by being able to produce their organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer is one of the ingredients to keep rice fields fertile. It needs education for farmers regarding the basics of agricultural science for the
The Continuity of Palm Sugar Production: A Literature Review
Authors: Simamora Liska , Zebua Damara Dinda Nirmalasari , Handoko Yoga Aji , Widyawati Nugraheni
Published: November 2021

The demand for palm sugar is increasing since people prefer natural ingredients. Natural and organic food ingredients have the reputation of being healthier and safer than synthetic ingredients. This study will discuss one particular ingredient namely palm sugar which is known as a natural sweetener. Developed countries have started to import palm sugar as a natural sweetener from developing countries. The production of palm sugar in developing countries has an important benefit in the craftsman household economy. However, current production of palm sugar does not meet the increasing demand, which is caused mainly by the lack of farmers, palm sugar craftsmen’s inadequate knowledge of palm sugar production, and poor incorporation of technology both in the cultivation of palm tree and the production process of palm sugar. This literature review study aims to understand the continuity of palm sugar production within the following framework which consists of four steps: (1) identifying current situation, (2) identifying the problems, (3) presenting the resolution, (4) proposing programs and strategies. Based on this framework a few programs and strategies are generated to maintain the continuity of palm sugar production, they are: (1) Palm trees domestication, (2) research and development center for Indonesian palm sugar, and (3) ensuring a good collaboration among the stake holders involved.
Analisis Strategi Kesiapan Pemerintah Desa dalam Pembentukan Badan Usaha Milik Desa di Kabupaten Sumenep
Authors: Mawardi Moh Maqbul , Majid Ach Nurholis , Dzulkarnain Iskandar
Published: November 2021

This research has three focuses. First is reporting the readiness strategies to establish Village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) in the Sumenep regency. The second is representing supporting and inhibition factors in the formation of the BUMDes in the Sumenep regency. The third is defining the typology of the village in responding to the BUMDes program in the Sumenep Regency area. This research is a qualitative-descriptive method by applying SWOT analysis conducted in 2020 from October to December. The data is collected by using observation, interviews, documentation, and a literature study. Based on the data obtained from this research, first, Based on the SWOT analysis data in Quadrant SO (strength - opportunity) Level, some strategies can be used. Those are by making local regulations of the formation of BUMDes, increasing the understanding of village heads towards the technical establishment of BUMDes, which is not only limited to theoretical knowledge, improve the role of DPMD in responding to proposals for the establishment of BUMDes. There needs to be a technical introduction about village potential that can be explored using the ABCD (Asset-Based Community Development) method. Second, there are some factors to support the establishment and development of BUMDes in the Sumenep area. One of which is to provide the head of villages with the knowledge and urgency of BUMDes establishment. As every town are highly potential and meet the requirements. However, there is no specific direction and method in establishing BUMDes that has become an obstacle in determining the potential and managing the BUMDes. Third, BUMDes in Sumenep consists of three typologies. Those are BUMDes that have not been established, which only succeeded in the proposal preparation stage. Then, The established BUMDes with less income. The last is the well-developed BUMDes that have been contributed to the villages' income.
Survei Ketahanan Petani Sekitar Kawasan Industri Pengolahan Nikel di Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Rela Iskandar Zainuddin , Mappasomba Musadar
Published: November 2021

Exploration of mineral resources can encourage economic development and threaten the environment, health, ecosystem, and social comfort of the surrounding community. Therefore, through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities or other activities, industrial companies can balance negative impacts and strengthen sustainable development that can improve the resilience and welfare of the surrounding community. Therefore, this research aims to assess the community's resilience in supporting the sustainability of agricultural development. The research will be conducted in Morosi Subdistrict, Konawe Regency. The concept of community resilience and the theory of sustainability of growth became the basis of this study. This research was started by conducting literature studies in various reputable books and journals to determine community resilience dimensions. Finally, set 5 dimensions measuring community resilience and six indicators measure the sustainability of agricultural development. A total of 24 items are used to measure community resilience and six instruments to measure the sustainability of agricultural development. This research was conducted from October to December 2020. The study involved 295 respondents distributed to family heads in 10 villages adjacent to Nickel Industry activities. Descriptive Statistical Analysis is used to explain the level of resilience of the community. This study found that farmers' resilience was built due to the operation of the nickel industry at the research site, such as economic dimensions, social capital, environment, community competence, information, and communication. The dimensions of social capital, community competence, knowledge, and communication are considered high. In comparison, the economic and environmental aspects are relatively moderate. This dimension is expected to be one of the guidelines for the government in taking a policy of building farmers community' resilience for the sustainability of agricultural development, especially farmers around the Nickel mining industry.
Minimally Invasive Management of the Patient with Penetrating Precordial Trauma.
Authors: Ordoñez J , Gonzalez G , Caycedo C , Pedraza M , Cabrera LF , Tinoco T , Gonzalez D , Giraldo D , Aparicio B
Published: November 2021

Introducción y objetivos: El trauma cardiaco en países subdesarrollados es de predominio penetrante, con altas tasas de mortalidad extrahospitalaria, pero con mortalidad intrahospitalaria que dependerá en parte de si el paciente se encuentra taponado o no. Las técnicas mínimamente invasivas para practicar la ventana pericárdica y la nueva interpretación del resultado positivo, han hecho variar paradigmas previamente establecido, lo cual ha llevado a realizar un cambio en el abordaje inicial de los pacientes con trauma precordial penetrante estables hemodinámicamente. Por lo cual, queremos mostrar nuestra experiencia en el manejo mínimamente invasivo de pacientes estables hemodinámicamente llevados a ventana pericárdica por trauma precordial.

Materiales: En un periodo entre el 2018 y el 2019, se evaluaron 5 pacientes con herida penetrante precordial al servicio de trauma Hospital Universitario del Valle Evaristo García lo cuales fueron manejados por cirugía mínimamente invasiva.

Resultados: Pacientes con e-FAST(tomado de las siglas en inglés, Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) positivo subxifoideo; llevados a ventana pericárdica por toracoscopia y laparoscopia, todas positivas con identificación de lesiones en pericardio, aurícula derecha , ventrículo izquierdo y auricula izquierda no sangrante, manejadas con lavado con SSN 500 cc hasta obtener líquido claro, aspiración de coágulos. Drenaje de hemotórax y Toracostomía cerrada para abordaje torácico. 72 horas retiro de tubo de tórax y egresó sin complicaciones documentadas.

Conclusiones: La cirugía mínimamente invasiva en trauma resulta ser efectiva y segura para el manejo del trauma penetrante precordial en el paciente estable hemodinámicamente. Evitando toracotomías y esternotomías innecesarias.
Symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular colon disease(EDCNCS): indications for elective surgery.
Authors: Escalera Pérez R , Gavilán Parras J , Gutiérrez Cafranga E , Muñoz Caracuel E , Mac Mathuna S , García Molina FJ
Published: November 2021

La Enfermedad diverticular del colon no complicada sintomática (EDCNCS) es una entidad clínica caracterizada por síntomas abdominales recurrentes con un considerable impacto psicosocial en algunos pacientes. Se ha considerado la principal forma de enfermedad diverticular, con una prevalencia estimada del 80%, aunque podría ser mucho más baja.

La fisiopatología no se conoce en su totalidad pero la evidencia sugiere varios mecanismos.

Los síntomas son poco específicos, lo que dificulta su diagnóstico y la exclusión de otros cuadros como el Síndrome de Intestino Irritable (SII). En líneas generales, se define como un cuadro de dolor abdominal recurrente en fosa iliaca izquierda ocasionado por la presencia de divertículos en el colon sin datos clínicos, de laboratorio o radiológicos de inflamación.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar la EDCNCS, su realidad clínica, fisiopatológica, diagnóstica y, sobre todo, sus indicaciones quirúrgicas.

Los pilares fundamentales de su tratamiento serán el alivio de los síntomas y mejora de la calidad de vida; prevención de la progresión o aparición de diverticulitis aguda y la prevención de la recurrencia. Para ello se establecen tres escalones terapéuticos: medidas higiénico-dietéticas, farmacológico y quirúrgico, siendo este último difícil de establecer como lo demuestra el escaso número de publicaciones y pacientes intervenidos por dicha enfermedad en la bibliografía existente.
Acute diverticulitis: Diagnosis and classification.
Authors: Valdés Hernández J , Alpizar Rivas O , Peréz Sánchez A , Cano Matías A , Cintas Catena J , Gómez Rosado JC
Published: November 2021

La diverticulitis aguda (DA) es una causa frecuente de abdomen agudo. La clínica y los resultados analíticos son importantes en la sospecha diagnóstica, pero en la actualidad, el apoyo en las pruebas de imagen es necesario, no solo para el diagnóstico sino también para su clasificación. Estas han evolucionado a lo largo del tiempo para adaptarse a las prácticas actuales.
Outpatient treatment in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis
Authors: Moya Forcén P , Gomez Carmona Z , Blesa Sierra I , Ferrer Márquez M , García Redondo M , Reina Duarte Á
Published: November 2021

La mayoría de los casos de inflamación diverticular son leves y solo requieren tratamiento médico con dieta líquida y antibióticos. Hasta hace poco, este tratamiento requería ingreso hospitalario con los consiguientes costes. El tratamiento ambulatorio de estos pacientes con diverticulitis no complicada ha demostrado ser eficaz y seguro. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir el tratamiento ambulatorio con antibiótico oral y los resultados publicados.
Transformation of transport-geographic space of Central Asian countries in the Post-Soviet era
Authors: Fedorko Viktor
Published: November 2021

The structural and morphological restructuring of the transport-geographic systems of the countries of Central Asia has become a reflection of the radical transformation of the geopolitical space of the region in the post-Soviet era. From the very beginning of a new period of development in the countries of the region, the disintegration of a single (end-to-end) road transport framework that developed during the Soviet period was consistently taking place. This was due to the desire of the countries of the region to minimize their own transport dependence on neighbors, while simultaneously enhancing transport-logistics advantages to exert geopolitical pressure on neighboring states. Under the influence of the corresponding geostrategic landmarks, the countries of the region have consistently built a new configuration of transport-logistics systems during the post-Soviet period.
The article examines the changes in the geography of the main road transport communications of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan that have occurred over the past three decades. It was revealed that the most morphologically transformed transport systems of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, characterized by relatively favorable geomorphological conditions for transport construction and more significant economic opportunities. In the predominantly mountainous terrain of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, which also have a significantly more modest investment potential, the transformation of the transport-geographic space has occurred to a less pronounced degree. Special attention is paid to the prospects for the reintegration of transport systems of the Central Asian countries, which emerged after 2016, in connection with the profound changes in Uzbekistan's foreign policy towards the border countries of Central Asia, initiated and consistently implemented by the new leadership of the republic, headed by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev.
CAMELLIA QUYNHII (THEACEAE, SECT. STEREOCARPUS), A NEW YELLOW SPECIES FROM THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS, VIETNAM
Authors: Quach Văn Hợi , Lương Văn Dũng , Hoang Thanh Truong , Nong Van Duy , Bui Danh Chung , Doudkin Roman V.
Published: November 2021

Camellia quynhii is described and illustrated as a new species of section Stereocarpus (Pierre) Sealy from 12th village, Vu Bon Commune, Krong Pak District, Dak Lak Province. C. quynhii resembles C. dormoyana (Pierre) Sealy but differs in several morphological characteristics: sepals 6–7; petals about 12–15; filaments tomentose at the base; style 3(–4), basally united; capsule 3(–4) locular, 2–6 seeds in each locule. Information on its phenology, distribution, ecology, and conservation status is also provided.
Electrospinning of ampicillin trihydrate loaded PLA nanofibers: effect of drug concentration and PLGA addition on its morphology, drug delivery and mechanical properties
Authors: Eren Böncü Tuğba , Ozdemir Nurten
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study is to produce ampicillin trihydrate loaded PLA and PLA/PLGA polymeric nanofibers using HFIP as solvent via electrospinning. The effect of ampicillin trihydrate concentration (4-12%), the addition of PLGA and the amount of added PLGA (20-80%) on the spinnability of the solutions and morphology, average nanofiber diameter, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release and mechanical properties of PLA and PLA/PLGA nanofibers were examined. All nanofibers have shown to have favorable encapsulation efficiency and mechanical properties. As the amount of ampicillin trihydrate increased and PLGA was added, nanofiber diameter increased while mechanical properties decreased. However, as the amount of added PLGA increased, a decrease in nanofiber diameter was observed. The increase in the drug amount caused an increase in the burst effect. The ideal drug concentration was determined to be 8% (F2), as it allows the prolonged and controlled drug release for up to 10 days. While in vitro drug release decreased with the addition of PLGA to PLA, it increased with the increasement of added PLGA to PLA. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the amount of the drug and the added PLGA concentration may affect the average nanofiber diameter, morphology, in vitro drug release and mechanical properties of the obtained electrospun PLA nanofibers.
X-Ray Quasi-periodic Eruptions Driven by Star–Disk Collisions: Application to GSN069 and Probing the Spin of Massive Black Holes
Authors: Xian Jingtao , Zhang Fupeng , Dou Liming , He Jiasheng , Shu Xinwen
Published: November 2021

X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) were discovered recently in active galaxies with an unknown driving mechanism. Under the assumption that QPEs are caused by star–disk collisions, we adopt full relativistic method and show that both the orbital parameters of the star and also the mass and spinning of the massive black hole (MBH) can be revealed by using the time of arrival (TOA) of the QPEs. By applying the model to the observed QPEs of GSN069, we find that the star is in a near-circular orbit (

e

•

=

0.05

−
0.02

+
0.02

) with a semimajor axis of

∼

365

−
49

+
54

r

g

around an MBH with

M

•

=

3.0

−
0.6

+
0.9

×

10

5

M

⊙

. The alternative short and long recurring time of the QPEs of GSN069 can be well explained by the small eccentricity and the orbital precession of the star. We find that the QPEs of GSN069 are possibly driven by a striped stellar core colliding with accretion disk after a partial tidal disruption event around the MBH. For GSN069-like galaxies, if continuous X-ray monitoring of QPE events can be accumulated with uncertainties of TOA ≲100–150 s, the spin of the MBH can be constrained by fitting to QPEs. Our results show that the timing of QPEs can provide a unique probe for measuring the spinning of the MBH and tests of the no-hair theorem.
Formation of a Solar Filament by Magnetic Reconnection, Associated Chromospheric Evaporation, and Subsequent Coronal Condensation
Authors: Yang Bo , Yang Jiayan , Bi Yi , Hong Junchao , Xu Zhe
Published: November 2021

We present the first observation of a solar filament formed by magnetic reconnection, associated chromospheric evaporation, and subsequent coronal condensation. Driven by shearing motion during flux emergence, a sequential tether-cutting reconnection process occurred and resulted in an M1.3 confined flare accompanied by the formation of a sigmoid structure. It is found that the flare had conjugate compact footpoint brightenings, which correspond to the footpoints of the sigmoid. Furthermore, observational evidence of explosive evaporation is well diagnosed at the conjugate footpoint brightenings in the impulsive phase of the flare. After the flare, continuous cool condensations formed at about the middle section of the sigmoid and then moved in opposite directions along the sigmoid, eventually leading to the formation of the filament. These observations suggest that magnetic reconnection can not only form the magnetic field structure of the filament but also heat the chromospheric footpoints during their formation and drive chromospheric evaporation. As a result, the heated chromospheric plasma may be evaporated into the magnetic field structure of the filament, where the accumulated hot plasma might suffer from thermal instability or nonequilibrium, causing catastrophic cooling and coronal condensation to form the cool, dense material of the filament. This observation lends strong support to the evaporation–condensation model and highlights the crucial role of magnetic reconnection in forming both the magnetic field structure and the cool, dense material of the filaments.
Two novel species and two new records of Distoseptispora from freshwater habitats in China and Thailand
Authors: Shen Hong-Wei , Bao Dan-Feng , Hyde Kevin D. , Su Hong-Yan , Bhat Darbhe J. , Luo Zong-Long
Published: November 2021

During investigations into freshwater fungi from the Great Mekong Subregion, four Distoseptispora taxa were collected from China and Thailand. Based on morphological characteristics, and phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1-α, and RPB2 sequence data, two new species Distoseptispora bangkokensis and D. lancangjiangensis are introduced, and two known species D. clematidis and D. thysanolaenae were first reported in freshwater habitat. Illustrations and descriptions of these taxa are provided, along with comparisons with extant taxa in the genus.
Capacity-building as an instrument to foster the implementation of nature-based solutions
Authors: Tomaskinova Judita , Geneletti Davide , Dicks Lynn , Grace Miriam , Collier Marcus , Longato Davide , Stoev Pavel , Sapundzhieva Anna , Balzan Mario
Published: November 2021

This article presents teaching and learning material from three strategically designed ReNature Horizon 2020 project training activities. A total of twelve presentations covering different aspects of NbS implementation are presented with this article. Additionally, this article also includes materials produced by learners, throughout their work within self-organised groups carried out during the Second ReNature Training School. This is the second article publishing teaching and learning material arising from the ReNature project.
Number of bounded distance equivalence classes in hulls of repetitive Delone sets
Authors: Frettlöh Dirk , Garber Alexey , Sadun Lorenzo
Published: November 2021

Two Delone sets are bounded distance equivalent to each other if there is a bijection between them such that the distance of corresponding points is uniformly bounded. Bounded distance equivalence is an equivalence relation. We show that the hull of a repetitive Delone set with finite local complexity has either one equivalence class or uncountably many.
Global attractivity for uncertain differential systems
Authors: Tao Nana ,   School of Information Engineering, Kaifeng University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China, Ding Chunxiao ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, China
Published: November 2021

This paper studies global attractivity for uncertain differential systems, which are effective tools to solve the problems with uncertainty. And They have been applied in many areas. This article presents several global attractivity concepts. Based on the knowledge of uncertainty theory, some sufficient conditions of global attractivity for linear uncertain differential systems are given. In particular, the attractivity on the solutions and $ \alpha $-path of uncertain differential systems is studied. Last, as an application of attractivity, an interest rate model with uncertainty is shown.
Inequality, Business Cycles, and Monetary‐Fiscal Policy
Authors: Bhandari Anmol , Evans David , Golosov Mikhail , Sargent Thomas J.
Published: November 2021

We study optimal monetary and fiscal policies in a New Keynesian model with heterogeneous agents, incomplete markets, and nominal rigidities. Our approach uses small‐noise expansions and Fréchet derivatives to approximate equilibria quickly and efficiently. Responses of optimal policies to aggregate shocks differ qualitatively from what they would be in a corresponding representative agent economy and are an order of magnitude larger. A motive to provide insurance that arises from heterogeneity and incomplete markets outweighs price stabilization motives.
Econometrics for Decision Making: Building Foundations Sketched by Haavelmo and Wald
Authors: Manski Charles F.
Published: November 2021

Haavelmo (1944) proposed a probabilistic structure for econometric modeling, aiming to make econometrics useful for decision making. His fundamental contribution has become thoroughly embedded in econometric research, yet it could not answer all the deep issues that the author raised. Notably, Haavelmo struggled to formalize the implications for decision making of the fact that models can at most approximate actuality. In the same period, Wald (1939, 1945) initiated his own seminal development of statistical decision theory. Haavelmo favorably cited Wald, but econometrics did not embrace statistical decision theory. Instead, it focused on study of identification, estimation, and statistical inference. This paper proposes use of statistical decision theory to evaluate the performance of models in decision making. I consider the common practice ofas‐if optimization: specification of a model, point estimation of its parameters, and use of the point estimate to make a decision that would be optimal if the estimate were accurate. A central theme is that one should evaluate as‐if optimization or any other model‐based decision rule by its performance across the state space, listing all states of nature that one believes feasible, not across the model space. I apply the theme to prediction and treatment choice. Statistical decision theory is conceptually simple, but application is often challenging. Advancing computation is the primary task to complete the foundations sketched by Haavelmo and Wald.
A Holistic View of Cybersecurity Education Requirements
Authors: Furnell Steven M. , Vasileiou Ismini
Published: November 2021

This chapter sets the scene for the book as a whole, establishing the need for cybersecurity awareness, training, and education in order to enable us to understand and meet our security obligations. It begins by illustrating key elements that ought to form part of cybersecurity literacy and the questions to be asked when addressing the issue. It then examines the problems that have traditionally existed in terms of achieving awareness and education, both at the user level (in terms of lack of support) and the practitioner level (in terms of a skills shortage). The discussion highlights the importance of a holistic approach, covering both personal and workplace use, and addressing the spectrum from end-users through to cybersecurity specialists.
A Collaborative Cybersecurity Education Program
Authors: Tokola Teemu J. , Schaberreiter Thomas , Quirchmayr Gerald , Englbrecht Ludwig , Pernul Günther , Katsikas Sokratis K. , Preneel Bart , Tang Qiang
Published: November 2021

This chapter presents an implementation of a cybersecurity education program. The program aims to address some issues identified in current cybersecurity teaching in higher education on a European level, like the fragmentation of cybersecurity expertise or resource shortage, resulting in few higher education institutions to offer full degree programs. As a result of the Erasmus+ strategic partnership project SecTech, the program tries to overcome those issues by introducing collaborative development to cybersecurity education. SecTech lays the foundations for a collaborative education program, like the definition of a clear content, module and delivery structure, and the appropriate tool support to facilitate collaboration and content reuse. Additional effort is required to achieve long-term success, including the creation of a community that drives the content creation and maintenance, as well as an independent governance structure to steer the project in the long-term. While the project focuses on European collaboration, a global community is envisioned.
The BIMSTEC Free Trade Area
Authors: Ali Mahboob Muhammad , Medhekar Anita
Published: November 2021

The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is a regional cooperation between Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, and Thailand since the liberalization of these economies. Member countries need to be more proactive for integrated regional cooperative hubs to enhance trade and investment opportunities in health and other sectors of the economy to cope with the pandemic and its impact. The aim of this chapter is to show how BIMSTEC, a regional cooperative body, can be a driver for socio-economic development, inter-regional trade, and investment opportunities for BIMSTEC countries and cope with COVID-19 and its impact. The BIMSTEC area is home to approximately 1.6 billion citizens accounting to 22% of the worlds inhabitants with a joint gross domestic product (GDP) of 2.7 trillion. Unemployment situation of ‘new poor' can be tackled through close cooperation among the BIMSTEC nations in an effective manner to achieve ‘pareto optimality' through trade and investment among member countries.
Japan-India Trade Relations
Authors: Ahmed S. Jobayear
Published: November 2021

Japanese-Indian relations is supported by historic, political, and cultural affiliation, which usually led towards positive economic relations. Although the Japanese-Indian relationship is a few centuries old, surprisingly, the statistics of trade hardly exhibit any mentionable growth, except the recent upward trend in exports to Japan. In fact, India almost failed to capture the near home market even with the growth (1% market share). Therefore, the chapter is developed based on a qualitative study with the objectives of exploring the history, catalysts, and impediments of Japanese-Indian trade relations and recommends the future course of action. The study recommends completion of India's megaprojects, Japan's policy reform, taxation and supportive reform, arrangement of social life of the foreigners, zero corruption, forgery, and harassment, efficiency, effectiveness, linguistic skill and cultural understanding of human resources, and creating opportunities and building organizational capacities between the two.
Designing Tools and Activities for Educational Robotics in Online Learning
Authors: Negrini Lucio , Giang Christian , Bonnet Evgeniia
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent school closures created several challenges for teachers and students. From one day to the next, teachers had to rethink their educational activities and move to remote learning. Especially with regard to educational robotics activities, which makes large use of physical artefacts, this abrupt shift towards online learning represented a major change in how activities had to be designed and implemented. In this chapter, some experiences of online educational robotics activities carried out in compulsory schooling and teacher training are presented. The experiences are then discussed using a model for the development of educational robotics activities in order to reflect on how to design such activities that can be carried out online. The examples presented in this chapter showed there is great potential for educational robotics in online learning.
Teaching How to Work With People (In Person and Remotely) and Technology (Artificial Intelligence and Robots) Using Creativity and Innovation
Authors: Ayandibu Ayansola Olatunji
Published: November 2021

Individuals are looking for ways to continue to contribute their skills, to gain value, and to improve their employment prospects. On the other hand, employers face important choices as to whether to use technological advances to drive efficiency and reduce costs or to explore how to harness technology to reshape jobs in ways that deliver more value and meaning. This has resulted in educators and policy makers facing calls to rethink how we should prepare and train people for a changing workplace and what paths people can take to gain skills over a longer career with multiple chapters of career re-engineering. The objective of this chapter is to outline the dimensions of the future of work and the corresponding questions that they pose. An analysis of current extant literature was explored, and practical answers to the questions were used to develop a theoretical framework for teaching how to work with people (in person and remotely) and technology (artificial intelligence and robots) using creativity and innovation in a post-pandemic society.
The Importance of Employment Injury Insurance and Protection in Managing Occupational Safety and Health of the Workforce
Authors: Nikolić Milena , Pavlović Miloš , Milojković Danka
Published: November 2021

The basic condition for creating and maintaining the competitive advantage of an enterprise in the modern business environment is to give priority to the intellectual resources in strategic management of the enterprise and especially to the human resources. Utilizing the potential of human resources is closely linked to caring for their health and safety at work. The aim of this chapter is to overview the level of protection of employees at work from the risk of work injury and occupational diseases to identify the determinants of occupational safety and health of workforce in the European countries and to indicate the various alternatives that can be used to cover the above mentioned risks. Based on comparative analysis of existing insurance schemes of the occupational injury and diseases, the authors will propose the best alternative for protection against these risks, both from aspect of protection of employees and aspect of protection of employers.
Structural Changes and Sustainable Economic Development of the Republic of Serbia in a Pandemic
Authors: Mićić Vladimir , Bugarčić Filip Ž.
Published: November 2021

The challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic are important and relevant for sustainable development. The aim of this chapter is to review the existing model of economic development, because the COVID-19 pandemic has called into question the effects of structural changes in the economy and manufacturing industry in Serbia. The main contribution of this chapter is the review of development results which show that Serbia is in the process of economic recovery, but that it has not yet embarked on the path of sustainable economic development due to numerous structural problems. Serbia has experience with unsustainable economic development, and this is a strong argument in favor of sustainable concept implementation. In addition, this chapter provides empirical research on structural and technological changes. The obtained results can be used by economic and industrial policy makers to influence the consequences of COVID-19 and to avoid the slowdown of structural reforms. There will be numerous economic, environmental, social, and especially health challenges whose solutions must be sustainable.
Misinformation on Social Media Platforms in the Global Crisis of Coronavirus
Authors: Ahmadi Elina
Published: November 2021

With COVID-19 turning into a public health crisis, several theories about the origin of the virus on the internet have sparked controversy. Challenges of distinguishing legal content from fake increases the importance of deleting such information through social media networks. Misinformation was created from social media and websites without credible evidence. The COVID-19 epidemic has spread alongside what the World Health Organization calls “infodemic” misinformation. Each social media company responds differently to misinformation and therefore this lack of consistency can lead to confusion among social media users. As the dissemination of such information endangers public health, this chapter focuses on studies to track misinformation on the popular social media. Additionally, one of the consequences of the coronavirus outbreak is the creation of social panic and rapid changes in people's lifestyles caused by social networks. This study investigates the role of social networks in the formation of social phobia and lifestyle changes on account of the corona virus.
New Aspects and an Artificial Intelligence Approach for the Detection of Cervical Abnormalities
Authors: Pouliakis Abraham , Valasoulis George , Michail Georgios , Salamalekis Evangelos , Margari Niki , Kottaridi Christine , Spathis Aris , Karakitsou Effrosyni , Gouloumi Alina-Roxani , Leventakou Danai , Chrelias George , Nasioutziki Maria , Kyrgiou Maria , Daponte Alexandros I. , Panayiotides Ioannis G.
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health systems worldwide by decreasing their reserves and effectiveness. In this changing landscape, the urge for reallocation of financial and human resources represents a top priority. In screening, effectiveness and efficiency are most relevant. In the quest against cervical cancer, numerous molecular ancillary techniques detecting HPV DNA or mRNA or other related biomarkers complement morphological assessment by the Papanicolaou test. However, no technique is perfect as sensitivity increases at the cost of specificity. Various approaches try to resolve this issue by incorporating several examination results, such as artificial intelligence are proposed. In this study, 1,258 cases with a complete result dataset for cytology, HPV DNA, HPV mRNA, and p16 were used to evaluate the performance of a self-organizing map (SOM), an unsupervised artificial neural network. The results of the SOM application were encouraging since it is capable of producing maps discriminating the necessary tests and has improved performance.