bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDENTS PERCEPTION OF PARENTAL SUPPORT ON STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN CAPE COAST METROPOLIS OF GHANA
Authors: Sam Leticia , Agyapong Daniel , Tahiru Andze , Kojo Sam John , Prince Kofi Appiah , Owusu David , Boaponsem Peter , Nyodeka Obed
Published: March 2021

Students perception of parental support or involvement on students achievements motivation seems to be a critical issue. The study examined the support parents give to their children and the relationship between those supports and students achievement motivation in Business Management in Senior High Schools in Cape Coast Metropolis. This study adopted descriptive research design and used a sample of 200 Senior High School Business Management students.The data collected to answer research question 1 and 2 were done using means and standard deviation. Results indicated that parents supported and involved themselves in their wards education. Again, findings revealed that students associated strong relation between parental support and students achievement motivation in Business Management. The study recommends that as parents are already supporting and involving themselves in their childrens education, it dawns on them to also provide guidance and counselling for their wards. Also, parents should be encouraged to maintain and if possible, increase the level of support they are already providing. The study further concludes that parents should provide all forms of supports to their wards including financial and emotional support of which they are all equally important.
PERFORMANCE OF NIFTY 50 EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS
Authors:   Research Scholar, School of Management & Business Studies, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala., P.R Roshni , Sulaiman E. ,   Professor & HOD, School of Management & Business Studies, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala.
Published: March 2021

The study evaluated the performance of selected Nifty 50 ETFs tracking Nifty 50 Index listed in National Stock Exchange in India during a period of six years starting from 1st April, 2014 to 31st March, 2020. The performance of ETFs is measured using Average Daily Returns, CAGR, HPR, Standard Deviation, Tracking Error, R squared and Beta. It is found that there is difference in the risk-return pattern of Nifty 50 ETFs and its index Nifty 50. Aditya Birla Nifty ETF is the performing fund among the selected ETFs.
RHIZODEGRADATION OF PHENANTHRENE, ANTHRACENE AND PYRENE BY AUGMENTING BACILLUS CEREUS AND BACILLUS SUBTILIS STRAINS
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Botany,Government Degree College, Paloncha, Bhadradri Kothagudem (Dist.), Telangana, India., Poornachander Rao M. , Yerra Anitha ,   Research Scholar, CRIDA, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Satyaprasad K. ,   Professor in Botany(Rtd.), Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana.
Published: March 2021

Rhizodegradation is one of the best methods for the effective removal of dangerous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollutants from soil. This is operative due to the high persistent, non-bioavailability nature of PAHs and combined, sequential reactions of bacteria present in rhizosphere of plants. We have conducted pot-culture method to study the degradation of three PAHs compounds namely phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene in artificially contaminated soils of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil treatments of blackgram(Vignamungo L.) that augmented by two potential PAHs degraders namely Bacillus cereus CPOU13 and Bacillus subtilis SPC14 isolated from naturally contaminated soils for 90days. HPLC studies revealed that degradation percentages of the three PAHs in treatments were more where selected strains augmented to the soil treatments over the non-augmented soils. The rhizosphere treatments that have augmented strains recorded more degradation percentages of phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene over the rhizosphere treatments that were non-augmented. Pyrene, a high molecular weight PAHs degraded maximum to 96.24% in rhizosphere soil treatment that is augmented with the strains while moderate degradation of pyrene recorded in non-autoclaved soil treatments that contain natural microbial communities. The study of counting of bacterial populations during the experimental period revealed that the populations of the selected and other natural bacteria were gradually increased from the first day, reached maximum by 60days and became almost consistent in 90days in all the treatments. It was also observed that the populations of bacteria were high in rhizosphere treatments compared to the non-rhizosphere soil treatments. With these results it has been predicted that degradation of PAHs in rhizosphere soil treatments is closely associated with the increasing PAHs degrading bacterial populations of selected bacterial strains that may consume more quantity of PAHs for their metabolic activities in rhizosphere soils. Key words: Rhizodegradation, PAHs, HPLC, pot culture.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF TWO LIGHT CURING UNITS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FILTEK BULK FILL COMPOSITE
Authors:   MDS, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai., Punjabi Akshay , Rao Rahul ,   Professor and P.G Guide, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai., K. Jain Ashish ,   MDS, Head of Department and Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai., Verma Meenakshi ,   Professor and P.G Guide, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai., Nayak Gauri ,   MDS, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai., Naik Vishal ,   MDS, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai.
Published: March 2021

Context:The quality of light curing units can profoundly influence mechanical properties of dental composite materials. Aim: To compare effect of Woodpecker RTA Mini-S and Elipar Deep Cure-L curing units onmechanical properties (compressive strength, diametral tensile strength and microhardness) of Filtek Bulk-Fill. Methods and Materials: A total of 32 samples of Filtek Bulk Fill composite were divided into 2 equal groups (n=16). 12 samples in each group were fabricated using a tooth shaped mold and 4 in circular rings to test compressive strength, microhardness and diametral tensile strength, respectively. Theblocks were evaluated for the above parameters using Universal Testing Machine and Vickers Microhardness Tester.Independent sample-t test was used in this study (p< 0.05). Results: The results of this study showed that the group of composites cured using Elipar Deep Cure-L curing unit showed better mechanical properties and the difference between the groups was statistically significant for compressive strength and diametral tensile strength (p < 0.05) Conclusion: It was concluded that a curing unit of higher intensity and quality of output used in conjugation with bulk fill composites are likely to give better results.
Investigating the efficiency of financial markets: Empirical evidence from MENA countries
Authors: N. Ananzeh Izzeddien
Published: March 2021

The market efficiency hypothesis has become an important concept for all investors looking to own internationally diversified portfolios, which coincides with an increase in investment flows between all countries, both developed and undeveloped. This study was aimed at investigating the efficiency of a group of Arab stock markets located in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region according to the Random Walk Hypotheses (RWH) at weak form. The study covered the markets of Jordan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, and Oman.The empirical results of all tests used in this study rejected the RWH at a weak form for all markets through all tests applied – Unit root test, Variance Ratio Test, and Run Test. The result of this study contradicts the results of many studies conducted on developed and emerging markets. This can be a good indication of the ineffectiveness of the reforms that have been adopted by responsible bodies on these markets.Based on this result, all efforts made to expand and deepen these markets should be intensified by improving liquidity, transparency, enhancing investment culture in these countries; supporting legislative and regulatory reforms to attract investment, and developing the financial sector in these markets as a whole.
AcknowledgmentThis paper is supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies at Philadelphia University in Jordan.
Evaluation of access to finance, market and viability of small and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa
Authors: Msomi Thabiso , Olarewaju Odunayo
Published: March 2021

Access to finance and market has been described as a predominant challenge confronting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Hence, this paper seeks to evaluate access to finance, market access and viability of SMEs. A quantitative research method and a purposive sampling technique were used to select the participants for this study. Respondents from retail, manufacturing, construction and agricultural SMEs operating in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, were selected to complete the structured questionnaires. 310 questionnaires were returned out of 321 distributed. The study revealed a significant effect of access to finance (absolute value 0.425) and access to market (absolute vale 0.373) on SMEs’ viability with a 5% level of significance. Thus, it was concluded that access to finance uniquely accounted for the larger proportion of the variance in the regression model. Thus, this study suggests that owners of SMEs should pay greater attention to access to finance in running their businesses, and the Government should aid SMEs to market their products and keep their businesses viable. Public loans or the government supported loans should be made available for SMEs with soften requirements in order to stimulate economic growth.
Asociaciones entre contratransferencia y características del paciente en psicoterapia psicoanalíticaa
Authors: Sanchez Lívia Fração , Serralta Fernanda Barcellos
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: explorar las reacciones de contratransferencia de los terapeutas en la fase inicial de la psicoterapia psicoanalítica (entre las sesiones 4 y 5) y verificar las posibles asociaciones entre estas y las características personales del paciente (sociodemográficas, psicológicas y psicopatológicas). Método: estudio naturalista, transversal, correlacional y observacional con enfoque descriptivo-analítico. La muestra consta de 180 pares de pacientes y terapeutas, de los cuales 180 eran pacientes adultos (32.82 ± 12.66 años) y 48 terapeutas (32.69 ± 10.01 años). Resultados: la contratransferencia se ve afectada por la edad del paciente, los aspectos psicológicos de su vida anterior (traumas y apego parental) y elementos de su personalidad (habilidades de empatía y mecanismos defensivos), pero no por los síntomas que presenta. Conclusiones: los hallazgos respaldan la literatura científica, que señala la relevancia de las experiencias infantiles y las características de personalidad del paciente para evocar patrones específicos de contratransferencia en el terapeuta. Conocer tales relaciones puede ayudar a los clínicos a identificar sus propias reacciones y usarlas terapéuticamente, según corresponda.
Intervención grupal para díadas madre-infante privadas de libertad: efectos sobre la depresión materna y el desarrollo infantil
Authors: Olhaberry Huber Marcia , Escobar Venegas Marta , Contreras Camila Maluenda
Published: March 2021

La sintomatología depresiva es frecuente en las mujeres durante el período periparto, impacta negativamente el desarrollo infantil y puede mostrar un incremento cuando la maternidad se desarrolla en contextos carcelarios. Objetivo: realizar intervenciones grupales en dos grupos, uno conformado por mujeres embarazadas y otro por díadas madre-infante, que se encontraban cumpliendo condena en cárceles chilenas, y evaluar su efecto en la sintomatología depresiva materna y en el desarrollo socioemocional infantil. Método: Participaron 60 madres recluidas en recintos carcelarios chilenos, 30 embarazadas y 30 díadas (madres-infante). Se realizaron análisis de regresión multinivel para medidas repetidas de la sintomatología depresiva materna (BDI) en ambos grupos y del desarrollo socioemocional (ASQ-SE) en los niños/as participantes en la intervención para díadas. Resultados: se observó una reducción significativa de la sintomatología depresiva en las mujeres embarazadas (b=-3.60, t(29)=-2.66, p=.031) y en las madres con hijos/as nacidos (b=-0.1499, t(93)=-5.3, p=<.001), así como una reducción de las dificultades en el desarrollo socioemocional infantil (b=-15.26, t(18)=-4.107, p=.001). Conclusión: se discute la relevancia de contar con alternativas psicoterapéuticas para el abordaje de la depresión en madres privadas de libertad y la promoción de un desarrollo socioemocional saludable de sus hijos/as.
SIN-E-STRES: An Adjunct Internet-Based Intervention for the Treatment of Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Chile
Authors: Carrasco Alvaro E. , Moessner Markus , Carbonell Carmen G. , Rodríguez Catalina , Martini Natalia , Pérez Janet C. , Garrido Pablo , Özer Fikret , Krause Mariane , Bauer Stephanie
Published: March 2021

Introduction: SIN-E-STRES is an adjunct Internet-based intervention for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients interact with the program via a weekly monitoring email and by visiting a website that provides access to psychoeducational information and distance counseling. Aim: to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of SIN-E-STRES. Methods: forty-five adult PTSD patients were registered to use SIN-E-STRES for three months. This study explores feasibility in terms of patients’ interest in joining the program, reported connectivity and use of the website components, and adherence to monitoring. Acceptability is evaluated through the satisfaction expressed by the participants, their opinions regarding the usefulness of the program, and their evaluation of its positive and negative aspects. Results: most of the patients invited to the program were interested in using SIN-E-STRES, and 73% of the registered patients completed at least one of the monitoring assessments and most of them interacted with the website. The overall monitoring response rate was 35%. Most patients stated that the feedback messages helped them remember themes covered in therapy, they also valued the psychoeducational resources on the website. Conclusions: The program may be especially useful for patients who are frequent Internet and email users. The intervention can be enhanced by improving the monitoring and feedback components as well as by adding complementary psychoeducational information. More research about adherence and dropout of PTSD interventions is necessary. The alignment and coherence of SIN-E-STRES with the main treatment contributes to reinforcing treatment indications and consequently may promote treatment adherence and recovery.
Adherencia o deserción de adolescentes en psicoterapia por agresiones sexuales: la perspectiva de sus terapeutas
Authors: Capella Claudia , Nuñez Hidalgo Lucia Beatriz , Vásquez Vania , Fuentes Sofía
Published: March 2021

Un alto porcentaje de adolescentes que asisten a psicoterapia por haber sido víctimas de agresiones sexuales desertan de su tratamiento, afectando así su proceso de superación. Existe escasa investigación respecto a qué precipita la deserción o favorece la adherencia en estos casos. Objetivo: describir características del sistema consultante y del proceso psicoterapéutico de adolescentes que han sido víctimas de agresiones sexuales que adhieren y que desertan de la psicoterapia, desde la perspectiva de sus psicoterapeutas, explorando sus similitudes y diferencias. Método: se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a psicoterapeutas que atendieron 16 casos de adolescentes que han sido víctimas de agresiones sexuales, 8 que desertaron de la psicoterapia y 8 que adhirieron hasta el alta. Se realizó un análisis narrativo temático de las entrevistas. Resultados: las principales similitudes identificadas fueron contextos sociofamiliares multiproblemáticos, recursos personales en los adolescentes y una relación psicoterapéutica positiva. Las diferencias se enfocaron en los adultos responsables, quienes en los casos de deserción mostraban bajo apoyo, una relación más conflictiva con el adolescente, escaso involucramiento en la psicoterapia y una relación frágil con el psicoterapeuta. Los adolescentes que desertaron presentaron motivos de consulta no asociados con la agresión sexual y se caracterizaron por ser socialmente poco integrados, a diferencia de los que adhirieron. Discusión: los fenómenos de adherencia y deserción a psicoterapia son complejos y multifactoriales. Junto con factores asociados al sistema consultante, se destacan elementos del proceso psicoterapéutico que propician la adherencia, y que, por tanto, pueden ser abordados tempranamente para favorecer la adherencia a la psicoterapia.
“Snake” by D.H. Lawrence in a Buddhist Perspective
Authors: Fonseka EA Gamini
Published: March 2021

Snake is a reptile, very much respected in many cultures throughout the world, depending on what species it is. Ornate snake sculptures in Sri Lanka, India, England, China, Greece, Rome, Egypt, Africa, America, Australia, etc. (Steel, 2021) are evidence of the respect the reptile earned in most of the ancient civilisations by becoming a seminal influence in the mythologies, folklores, beliefs, values, morals, rituals, and arts that have evolved in them. Coming from a Western Christian elite socio-cultural background, D.H. Lawrence gets fascinated by the asp rattler that he meets in Sicily in 1920, and in a while tries to kill it under the influence of his zoological knowledge and the warnings he has had on the deadliness of its venom. Later he feels relieved that his attack did not hurt the snake and yet regrets his being indecent to the creature. Lawrence’s delayed realisation of the snake’s right to existence tallies the example of unreserved compassion towards life, irrespective of what species it is, the Buddha sets during his two famous encounters with lethal snakes. Unlike Lawrence’s silent snake, one of the two snakes the Buddha encounters protects him from the rain, and the other vertically challenges him, spraying his deadly venom at him. Nevertheless, the Buddha’s only reaction to them both is to unveil his compassion indiscriminately. Unlike Lawrence, he concludes both encounters without regret. Taking the respective behaviours of Lawrence and the Buddha in the presence of snakes, this paper proposes that, in preventing regret, while managing interactions with other forms of life, compassion inspired by spirituality transcends all other emotions engendered by fascination and apprehension that are part and parcel of Lawrence’s religion, “flesh and blood”
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives of the Chrysin
Flavonoid as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Reddy Chepyala K. , Kedika Bhavani , Noole Venkatagiri , Krishna Thotla , Godeshala Sudhakar , Meraji Seyedehmelika , Rege Kaushal
Published: March 2021

Background and Objective:

Chrysin and its derivatives proved to possess potential anti-tumour
activity.

Materials and Methods:

A new series of chrysin analogs containing 1,2,3-triazoles with different substituent
groups (5a-5l) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential anticancer agents. The synthesized
compounds were characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Resulsts:

The anticancer activities of the synthesized compounds were studied in four cancer cell lines viz. PC3,
PC3-PSMA, MCF-7 and UM-UC-3 using doxorubicin as standard. Among all the tested compounds, 5c was
found as most active with IC50 value of 10.8 ± 0.04 μM in PC3 cells and 20.53 ± 0.21 μMin MCF-7 cells,
respectively. Flow cytometry analyses indicated that synthesized compounds 5a, 5c, and 5h arrested MCF-7
cells at the G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion:

Chyrsin derivatives could be novel anticancer agents.
Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Nigeria
Authors: Etieyibo Edwin
Published: March 2021

This paper employs the conceptual-analytical method to analyse literature and news reports on disabilities, and international legal documents and instruments on human rights and the rights of persons with disabilities to which Nigeria is a signatory. This study is conducted in the context of exclusionary and discriminatory practices against persons with disabilities in Nigeria. The practices and rights that are examined are in the areas of education and accessibility with regard to adults and children with disabilities, work and employment, and the employment or use of children with disabilities in alms-soliciting. The paper’s broad objective in critically discussing these practices is to make a case for why and how they violate the rights of persons with disabilities.

KEY WORDS: DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES, DISABILITY, HUMAN RIGHTS, NIGERIA, PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES, RIGHTS
Enforceability of Environmental Rights: a Possible Panacea to Man's Environmental Imbroglio - Nigeria's Niger-Delta as a case Study
Authors: Oluwamuyiwa Ojo Olayinka
Published: March 2021

This research examines the potential of a human rights-based approach to address the environmental problems affecting Nigeria’s Niger Delta and the world at large. This research critically assesses the various environmental legislation and policies in Nigeria, and interrogates why, despite the enactment of an environmental provision in Section 20 of the Constitution, gross environmental injustice has occurred in the country. Further discussion on the methods and strategies that can

be used to guarantee access to the Court, as well as enforcing the right to a healthy environment in Nigeria, despite the current provision of the Constitution, are elucidated. This research argues that a constitutionally enforceable right to a healthy environment, a full implementation of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the establishment of Environmental Courts and Tribunals (ECT), comprehensive and quantitative environmental citizen education, as well as the empowerment of environmental NGOs, may be the solution to the environmental challenges currently faced in Nigeria’s Niger Delta as well as the entire country.

KEY WORDS: HUMAN RIGHTS, ENVIRONMENT LAW, SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT, CONSTITUTION, ENFORCEMENT, EXTRATERRITORIAL, INTERNATIONAL LAW, CONVENTION
Assessing Teacher's Beliefs and Practices in relation to the Integration of Grammar and Reading in Foreign Language Teaching in Secondary Schools in Ethiopia
Authors: Chali Gemechis T. , Mouvet Kimberley , Taverniers Miriam
Published: March 2021

Studies have suggested that teachers’ beliefs have a significant influence in language teaching (e.g., Williams and Burden, 1997), i.e. that teachers’ beliefs will significantly influence their teaching practice. This study examines teachers’ beliefs and practices in relation to the integration of grammar and reading in foreign language teaching. A qualitative research design with Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and observation data gathering tools was employed. The study revealed that teachers hold positive beliefs on teaching grammar and reading in an integrated way, but their beliefs were not reflected in the classroom. The key finding of this paper was that teachers strongly believed in the usefulness of the integration of grammar and reading, but there were difficulties to reflect it in practice. This paper suggests that an alternative technique should be developed on discrete ways of teaching to allow teachers to practise their beliefs either on the existing text or through adapting the textbook. The findings of the study may have important implications for EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers and practitioners.

KEY WORDS: TEACHERS’ BELIEFS, TEACHING GRAMMAR AND READING, PRACTICES, INTEGRATED TEACHING
From watchdog to lapdog: political influence of China on news reporting in Malawi
Authors: Nyirongo Mwaona
Published: March 2021

The arrival of China in Malawi has been characterised by a growing sense of uncertainty among academics who have expressed concern over the intentions of the superpower in the country. There are fears that China would like to extend its influence to Malawi as part of a broader push to increase its influence in global politics and economics. That push is in part exercised through the media. This study analyses the perception of Malawian journalists on news media reports of Chinese activities in Malawi. It uses content analysis to understand how the mediascape had changed from 2001-2007 when China had not yet established diplomatic relations with Malawi, and the period from January 2008-2020 in which diplomatic relations with China have existed. The article examines the shifts in journalistic representations of China in Malawi and develops prompts and probes from which journalist interviews were conducted.

From the content analysis, it appears that from 2001-2007, Malawian media, especially The Daily Times, was very negative about China, uncritically reproducing Western representations of China. This changed after January 2008 when the press leaned towards an acknowledgement of Chinese activities.

Through interviews journalists have indicated that the Chinese government offers certain opportunities such as exchange visits to journalists, making it difficult for them to bite the hand that feeds them. This ‘soft power’ is backed up by the repressive power of the Malawian government that uses intimidation to force journalists to report in their favour, thereby helping to create a positive image for China in Malawi. Journalists report that the significant shifts in journalistic representations of China have been mirrored by changes in the conceptualisation of journalistic roles in Malawi’s mediascape.

KEY WORDS: SOLUTION JOURNALISM, CONSTRUCTIVE JOURNALISM, CHINESE MEDIA, AFRICAN JOURNALISM CULTURE
Efficacy of the Ekiti State Anti-grazing Law. Key Stakeholders' Perspectives
Authors: Olutegbe Nathaniel S. , Ogungbaro Oke O.
Published: March 2021

The study examines the perceived efficacy of the Ekiti state Anti-grazing Law (EAGL) as a strategy for managing farmers-herders conflict among stakeholders. Quantitative information was obtained from 148 crop farmers and 73 Fulani pastoralists selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure, while a total of five Focus Group Discussion sessions and In-depth Interviews were also conducted. Analyses of results were carried out using frequency counts mean t-test and Tobit regression. A significant proportion (82.4%; 90.4%) of crop farmers and herdsmen, respectively had a high level of knowledge of the EAGL, perceived the EAGL to have substantial limitations (97.3% crop farmers; 100.0% herdsmen) as measures adopted for conflict management, with poor consultation and mobilization of stakeholders as the most rated factor. Also, 70.3% of crop farmers, but only 8.2% of herdsmen rated the efficacy of the EAGL as high. Farmers and herdsmen were significantly different in their perceived limitation (t =12.44) and efficacy (t = 11.84) of the EAGL. Years of experience (β = 0.102), farm size (β = 0.0001), herd size (β = -0.112) and perceived limitation (β = 0.228) and being a crop farmer (β = 6.689) were predictors of the perceived efficacy of the EAGL. A robust stakeholder analysis and engagement is advocated for the sustainable management of conflicts and commons in future interventions.

KEY WORDS: PERCEIVED EFFICACY, CROP FARMERS, HERDSMEN, CONFLICT
ANTI-CHOLOSETEROL ACTIVITIES OF WHITE (RAPHANUS RAPHANISTRUM) AND RED (RAPHANUS SATIVUS) RADISH ROOTS
Authors: YANTIH NOVI , DESTIANA WINDA , PRATAMI DIAH KARTIKA
Published: March 2021

Objective: The purpose of this research is to explore the in vitro activities of white (Raphanus raphanistrum) and red (Raphanus sativus) radish root ethanol extract in decreasing cholesterol levels.

Methods: Ultrasonification method was used in obtaining 96% ethanol extract of white and red radish root. The cholesterol levels were analyzed by visible spectrophotometry, which was validated using Lieberman-Buchard reagents. The decreased cholesterol levels were converted into IC50 values.

Results: The results showed that the IC50 of 96% white and red radish root ethanol extracts were 743.7 and 634.7 µg/ml, respectively. The results of statistical analysis using the T-test obtained a significant value greater than the probability value (P) of 0.05.

Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that the activities of 96% ethanol extract of white and red radish roots did not have a significant ability to reduce the in vitro cholesterol levels.
THE QUALITY PARAMETERS, TOTAL FLAVONOIDS DETERMINATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY COMPOUND OF ANDALIMAN FRUIT ANDALIMAN FRUIT (ZANTHOXYLUM ACANTHOPODIUM DC.) EXTRACT
Authors: FARIDA YUNAHARA , AZELA WIDI , LESTAR MEGA ELOK , PRATAMI DIAH KARTIKA
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical compound of the antioxidant activity of the extract from andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) and the quality parameters and the total flavonoid determination of the highest antioxidant activity.

Methods: The andaliman fruits were extracted using a solvent such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol obtained extracts, follow the antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The quality parameters and total flavonoid determination were performed from highest antioxidant activity. Fractionated was done using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) with the mobile phase chloroform-methanol (9:1 ~1:9). Purification with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) preparative, identification using UV-spectrophotometry, FTIR, Gas chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis.

Results: The 70% of ethanol has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value 84.11±0.47 ppm; the quality parameters in this study meet the quality requirements, both specific and nonspecific parameters. Total flavonoid content of the 70% ethanol extract was 2.37±0.02%. The results of the GCMS studies showed the presence of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester; squalene, methyl palmitate, methyl isopalmitate, n-tetracosanol-1 and 4-isopropyl chalcone.

Conclusion: The results indicate that the 70% ethanol extracts of andaliman fruits contains 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester; squalene, methyl palmitate, methyl isopalmitate, n-tetracosanol-1 and 4-isopropyl chalcone have antioxidant activity with IC50 value 51.35 ppm.
ANTIBACTERIAL SUBSTANCE PRODUCED BY A SOIL BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM RHIZOSPHERE OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE
Authors: SULISTYANI NANIK , MURTI YOSI BAYU , WIDADA JAKA , MUSTOFA
Published: March 2021

Objective: In our previous study, we have found many isolates of bacteria from Zingiber officinale rhizosphere in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. J4, one of the isolates, has been found to contain metabolites which have antibacterial activity. The active chemical compound was unidentified. This study aims to identify the molecular formula of the active compound which has potential antibacterial activity.

Methods: Identification of selected bacteria (J4 isolate) was based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Extraction of J4 isolate culture broth was carried out using ethyl acetate and followed by fractionation with hexane, chloroform-methanol (7:3), and methanol. The fraction which has antibacterial activity analyzed using IR Spectroscopy and LC-TOF-MS.

Results: BLAST analysis result of the 16S rRNA sequence showed that J4 isolate is Burkholderia sp with 99% similarity. According to the IR spectroscopy examination of the active fraction, there were OH, CH, and carbonyl stretching. LC-TOF-MS analysis showed 5 molecular formulas with m/z of 253, 274, 387 (two formulas), and 404 in the active fraction, but there was one formula with no OH groups.

Conclusion: J4 isolate is a Burkholderia sp. The molecular formula for the antibacterial substance that might be produced by J4 isolate is C6H12N12, C21H29N3O5, C21H26N2O5, C17H22N8O3, and/or C15H35N3O.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHITOSAN WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF DEACETYLATION BY THE ACID HYDROLYSIS METHOD
Authors: AL-JBOUR NAWZAT D. , BEG M. D. H. , GIMBUN JOLIUS , ALAM A. K. M. MOSHIUL
Published: March 2021

Objective: The objective of this research is to prepare Low Molecular Weight Chitosan (LMWC) by the acid hydrolysis method, using dilute hydrochloric acid (2M). LMWC has superior properties compared to the High Molecular Weight Chitosan (HMWC), especially in terms of water solubility, antibacterial and antifungal properties. These could open new potential applications for LMWC in sectors such as the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries.

Methods: In this work, the acid hydrolysis method was used to produce LMWC with different molecular weights starting from 500 kDa and 93% degree of deacetylations (DDA). The molecular weights of the produced grades were determined by applying Mark-Houwink equation while the %DDA was determined and verified by the use of the 1st derivative UV method and 1HNMR method, respectively. The depolymerization reactions were carried out with different time intervals to produce totally deacetylated LMWC of 30 kDa, 15 kDa, and 7.5 kDa. The LMWC was characterized by FTIR, XRD, and DSC to evaluate the functionality, microstructure and thermal properties.

Results: The FTIR spectra revealed that there is no significant difference in the main skeletal structure of the LMWC and HMWC. On the other hand, the XRD and DSC results showed that the LMWC of different molecular weights and degrees of deacetylation are of semi-crystalline structure, similar to the HMWC.

Conclusion: The obtained results showed that the used acid hydrolysis procedure can produce LMWC grades of desired specifications, yields, and quality which are suitable for use in different applications.
SAMPLE PREPARATION AND BIOANALYSIS VALIDATION FOR NATURAL PRODUCT SAMPLE
Authors: AYUMIATI IDA , SAPUTRI FEBRINA AMELIA , MUCHTARIDI MUCHTARIDI
Published: March 2021

Bioanalysis study and its validation are important for the application in natural drug discovery and preparation for natural medicine products with safe drug development approaches. Bioanalysis data for natural products can provide quantitative information on active compounds from natural products for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, bioequivalence, and toxicokinetics. Bioanalysis validation provides useful guidance for obtaining accurate data on drug discovery, preclinical and clinical testing of natural drug product development, and to ensure the methods used are suitable for application in testing the samples. In general, sample preparation and validation of the bioanalysis method are part of the pharmacokinetic characterization of a chemical compound from the discovery to the development stage of natural material products. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss how to prepare samples and validate bioanalysis for natural products.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE AND METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS USING MATRIX SOLID-PHASE DISPERSION COUPLED TO GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: PRAPURANDINA NURINA , HARMITA HARMITA , SURYADI HERMAN
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study was to develop the first simultaneous method for quantification of MI and MCI by using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) as an extraction technique followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in cosmetic products to support that law enforcement.

Methods: The MI and MCI were extracted from the cosmetic sample by using matrix solid-phase dispersion technique with alumina as solid sorbent and ethyl acetate as eluent. After being isolated, MI and MCI from the samples were analyzed using GC-MS equipped with DB-5MS capillary column.

Results: The validated method for both leave-on and rinse-off cosmetic showed that MI and MCI recoveries were between 97.87-103.15 %, relative standard deviation (RSD) values were lower than 11%, and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values for the leave-on product were 0.96 µg/ml and 1.95 µg/ml and for rinse-off products were 0.56 µg/ml and 1.49 µg/ml for MI and MCI, respectively.

Conclusion: This purposed analytical method for determining MI and MCI in cosmetic products using MSPD-GC-MS complies with the validation acceptance criteria.
WILL THE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE UN-PAUSE THE WORLD AND DECIDE THE FATE OF COVID-19?
Authors: S. K. JANANI , S. P. DHANABAL , R. SURESHKUMAR , KARTHIKA CHENMALA , UPADHYAYULA SAI SURYA NIKITHA
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 is a life-threatening disease that mainly affects the human respiratory system. In today’s world, scientists are working conscientiously for the identification of promising drugs and vaccines. But, when we look back to the former times, herbal medicines were considered for curing most of the diseases; luckily, nowadays, natural remedies are being carried forward by few researchers even for the treatment of most life-threatening diseases like cancer, diabetes and alzheimer’s etc. So, why can't we attempt the herbal formulation for the management of COVID-19 too? Since there is no proper scientific validation for traditional herbs and spices; it just can’t be simply ignored. When a product with less or few side effects can be prepared and made available for the benefit of people, there is nothing wrong in pondering them. Thus, keeping these points in mind, in this article, we have discussed about SARS CoV-2, their treatment options and the impact of natural remedies on both the former as well as novel coronavirus. Further, we have also emphasized on traditional Chinese medicine, various flavonoids and kabasura kudineer and their impact on coronavirus infection. Till now, there is no particular drug or vaccine available for the treatment of COVID-19; thus prevention is the only option. But, we hope that thorough study; screening, preclinical and clinical evaluation of natural compounds may give some action against SARS CoV-2. Moreover, incorporating natural herbs and spices in our diet can help in boosting immunity and fight against various life-threatening diseases.
HIV/AIDS, Harm Reduction, and Neoliberal Containment Strategies in Contemporary UK Documentary Theatre
Authors: Hann Louisa
Published: March 2021

Using Peter Darney’s play 5 Guys Chillin’ as a case study, this essay explores how documentary theatre may operate as a distinctly neoliberal public health measure when it comes to reducing the risk of HIV transmission related to subcultural practices such as chemsex. The subject of countless sensationalist and tacitly homophobic headlines in recent years, chemsex has generated a kind of moral panic around gay subcultures in recent years, with several journalists and filmmakers erroneously condemning the practice as the main driver of HIV in the UK. Although Darney has described the play as an attempt to tackle such demonisation, 5GC inadvertently ends up restating pathologizing narratives surrounding chemsex via what Roger Foster has termed an ‘ethic of authenticity': the notion that one can reach happiness by adapting to normative ways of living and neoliberal health diktats. Combining Foster’s critique of neoliberal therapeutic culture and the fiction of “wellness” with Herbert Marcuse’s theories surrounding so-called ‘one-dimensional society’, this essay seeks to explain how 5GC paradoxically perpetrates its ethos of anti-prejudice by pathologizing interview subjects as victims of a subculture intent on rejecting its own societal oppression.
Epilepsy in Dostoevsky’s The Idiot - Language, Stigma, and Mythology
Authors: Shukla Anupama
Published: March 2021

Around 400 BC, Areatus -- one of Hippocrates’ pupils, proclaimed ‘epilepsy is an illness of various shapes and horrible’. Later, Areatus was also one of the people who called the disease ‘sacred’; according to them, a deity had sent a demon to possess the patient, or the patient had been cursed by the moon. The Hippocratic physicians were among the first to attempt to separate the scientific and the cultural/fictional discourses. However, even till the late nineteenth century, medical narratives were intertwined with the fictional narratives that surrounded epilepsy, and these narratives contributed significantly towards the stigma that has historically been associated with the disease. This paper will examine how medical and non-medical discourses shaped the representation of epilepsy and contributed to the cultural mythology surrounding epilepsy. In the course of this paper, the author will specifically focus on Dostoevsky’s The Idiot, in which the reader sees the author’s personal view of epilepsy, cleverly accommodated into the character of Prince Myshkin, who is surrounded by social stigmatisation. Dostoevsky suffered from epilepsy for a major part of his life, and he maintained detailed accounts of his seizures. His epilepsy had a huge influence on his writings and his perception of the world. Dostoevsky’s epilepsy has been seen as particularly relevant, since being an epileptic himself, his works provide the reader with an insight into the disease which is hard to find elsewhere.
Количественное определение содержания бора в стеклах с помощью волнодисперсионного рентгенофлуоресцентного спектрометра
Authors: Герасименко Н.Н.
Published: March 2021

Приведены результаты количественного определения содержания оксида бора в стекле методом РФС на спектрометре ZSX Primus IV с помощью рентгеновской трубки мощностью 4 кВт и современного синтетического многослойного кристалла-­анализатора RX85. Проведена экспериментальная проверка системы автоматического контроля давления для поддержания стабильного вакуума в измерительной камере. Показано влияние этого параметра на стабильность полученных результатов. Тесты на повторяемость подтвердили качество полученных результатов.
Masculinidades alternativas: un modelo para alcanzar la transformación desde la educación social
Authors: Cardeñosa Iglesias Patricia , Darretxe Urrutxi Leire , Beloki Arizti Nekane
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo propone unas orientaciones para incorporar el Feminismo y las “masculinidades alternativas” en la acción socioeducativa, llevada a cabo por educadores y educadoras sociales en sus diferentes ámbitos de trabajo. A partir de una revisión teórica sobre el concepto de masculinidades alternativas y su importancia para la transformación de las sociedades, este enfoque de género pone al hombre como principal protagonista, en el camino hacia la igualdad. A través de estas líneas reflexivas plantearemos cómo y de qué manera, el modelo de masculinidad hegemónica construido desde el patriarcado crea una diferencia desigualitaria en función del sexo, posicionando a la mujer en una situación de desventaja permanente y ejerciendo consecuencias negativas también para muchos hombres. Ante esto, enfocaremos las masculinidades alternativas como cuestionadoras de ese modelo, ya que su enfoque crítico, y por lo tanto sus propuestas, son indispensables en toda acción encaminada a la transformación social.
Using a magnesia binder to improve the airproof performance of molded composites
Authors: Stupen Nonna S. , Kaklyugin Alexandr V. , Kastornykh Luybov I. , Kovalenko Viktor V.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Water resistance is one of durability criteria of building materials. As a rule, the value of the liquefaction ratio is applied to assess the water resistance. However, even water resistant materials are not always able to withstand cyclical weather impacts that cause linear deformations, reduced strength and cause destruction of building products. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the resistance of building materials, namely, their resistance to alternating humidification and drying (airproof performance). The purpose of this research is to study the producibility of molded composites containing a modified magnesium binder that features higher resistance to weather impacts.

Materials and methods. The magnesium binder was modified by the silica fume and high pressure molding to increase the water resistance and airproof performance of the composites. The influence produced by the modifier on the change in the compressive strength of dried and water-saturated molded composites, liquefaction and airproof performance ratios, as well as linear deformations of the reference specimens were studied following a pre-set number of cycles of alternating wetting and drying.

Results. The water resistance and airproof performance of construction products, containing magnesia binders, may be improved by the micro-silica, added to pressed mixtures, and their compaction by press molding. Compositions of molded composites, containing a modified magnesia binder, were developed for the manufacture of products used to make enclosing structures and for the flooring of rooms having the indoor humidity of over 60 %.

Conclusions. It is established that molded composites containing a modified magnesia binder feature high resistance to alternating wetting and drying. The proposed method of modifying magnesia binders prevents the destruction of molded stone-like materials containing these binders in case of exposure to alternating stresses; it reduces linear deformations and, as a result, decelerates the fatigue failure. The use of a recyclable material as a mineral additive must contribute to the reduction of the cost of products and allow to consider the method of their production as one of the best technologies available.
A system of key indicators enabling the forecasting of changes in the capital costs of a construction project
Authors: Vlasov Dmitry A. , Gabrielov Alexander O.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Reduction of project cost overruns is a key objective of Russian production facilities against the background of tightening domestic and international market competition, a spike in the number of projects implemented within the framework of the investment programme, including large strategic investment projects, scarcity and high costs of sources of financing. The mission of this research is to offer an approach to the development of a system of key risk indicators of an construction project that will allow the management team to make decisions ahead of the occurrence of risk-bearing events to reduce cost overruns and to stay within the pre-set budget values in terms of capital costs of a project.

Materials and methods. The co-authors have analyzed currently used approaches, instruments and methods, applicable to the development of the system of key project indicators, and classified project risks using the Ishikawa diagram. Their approach encompasses instruments and methods of the risk theory (identification and assessment of risks and key project indicators), as well as instruments of the regression correlation analysis.

Results. The co-authors present an algorithm for the development of a system of key risk indicators and an approach to the listing of key project indicators broken down by project significance criteria.

Conclusions. The application of the proposed approach to highly significant projects will ensure a detailed project-specific listing of key project indicators applicable to monitor the project implementation. A standard set of instruments and methods, requiring minimal human resources and time, can be applied to other projects. Besides the new approach, the co-authors offer a description of a list of potential key project indicators that enable to forecast changes in capital costs, broken down by risk factors.