bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Land Use on Housing Price and Rent: Empirical Evidence of Job Accessibility and Mixed Land Use
Authors: Kim Danya , Jin Jangik
Published: February 2019

Recently, the improvement of job accessibility and the encouragement of mixed land use have been gaining popularity in the planning field. However, little is known about whether these two factors are able to meet housing consumers’ needs. This study aims to analyze how job accessibility and mixed land use satisfy housing consumers’ needs. Particularly, this study investigates housing consumers’ willingness to pay for these two features by using housing prices and rents in the Chicago metropolitan area. In order to deal with endogeneity between land use and housing prices and spatial autocorrelation between housing prices, spatial econometric models are used with instrumental variables. Interestingly, our findings show that an increase in job accessibility leads to an increase in housing prices, whereas it is not related to rents. We also found that mixed land use decreases housing prices, but increases rents.
Impact of Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and the Viscous Dissipation Effect on the Unsteady Three-Dimensional Rotating Flow of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Aqueous Suspensions
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Shah Zahir , Islam Saeed , Majdoubi Jihen , Tlili I. , Khan Waris , Khan Ilyas
Published: February 2019

The aim of this article is to study time dependent rotating single-wall electrically conducting carbon nanotubes with aqueous suspensions under the influence of nonlinear thermal radiation in a permeable medium. The impact of viscous dissipation is taken into account. The basic governing equations, which are in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs), are transformed to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) suitable for transformations. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is applied for the solution. The effect of numerous parameters on the temperature and velocity fields is explanation by graphs. Furthermore, the action of significant parameters on the mass transportation and the rates of fiction factor are determined and discussed by plots in detail. The boundary layer thickness was reduced by a greater rotation rate parameter in our established simulations. Moreover, velocity and temperature profiles decreased with increases of the unsteadiness parameter. The action of radiation phenomena acts as a source of energy to the fluid system. For a greater rotation parameter value, the thickness of the thermal boundary layer decreases. The unsteadiness parameter rises with velocity and the temperature profile decreases. Higher value of ϕ augments the strength of frictional force within a liquid motion. For greater R and θ w ; the heat transfer rate rises. Temperature profile reduces by rising values of Pr .
Burden of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Under-Five Children in Relation to Household Wealth and Socioeconomic Status in Bangladesh
Authors: Yaya Sanni , Bishwajit Ghose
Published: February 2019

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs), as a group of diseases and symptoms, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in tropical countries like Bangladesh. Currently, no clear evidence has been published on the prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of ARIs in Bangladesh. In this regard, we carried out this study with the aim of assessing the prevalence and the socioeconomic predictors of ARIs among children aged 0–59 months, with a special focus on socioeconomic status and wealth-related indicators. Cross-sectional data on 32,998 mother-child (singleton) pairs were collected from six rounds of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS 1997–2014). The outcome variable were presence of the common symptoms of ARIs, fever and dyspnea, during the previous two weeks, which were measured based on mothers’ reports about the symptoms of these conditions. Explanatory variables included maternal demographic and socioeconomic factors such as age, education, occupation, wealth quintile, and child’s age and sex. The prevalence and predictors of ARIs were measured using descriptive and multivariate regression methods. The prevalence of both fever (31.00% in 1997 vs. 36.76% in 2014) and dyspnea (39.27% in 1997 vs. 43.27% in 2014) has increased gradually since 1997, and tended to be higher in households in the lower wealth quintiles. Multivariable analysis revealed that higher maternal educational status, access to improved water and sanitation facilities, and living in households in higher wealth quintiles had protective effects against both fever and dyspnea. Findings suggested a significantly negative association between lacking access to improved water and sanitation and use of biomass fuel with ARI symptoms. However, no sex difference was observed in these associations. Based on the findings, childhood ARI prevention strategies should address the risk factors stemming from parental socioeconomic marginalisation, household water and sanitation poverty, and use of unclean fuel.
The Investigation on the Dark Sector at the PADME Experiment
Authors: Ferrarotto Fabio
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we present the design and expected performance of the various detectors of the PADME experiment. The experiment design has been optimized for the detection of the final state photons produced along with a “Dark Photon”, decaying to invisible particles, in the annihilation a of 550 MeV positron with an atomic electron of a thin target. The PADME experiment has been built in a new dedicated experimental hall at the Beam Test Facility (BTF) of the INFN Frascati National Laboratories and has been taking data since the third quarter of 2018.
Mini-Grid Hydropower for Rural Electrification in Mozambique: Meeting Local Needs with Supply in a Nexus Approach
Authors: Uamusse Miguel , Tussupova Kamshat , Persson Kenneth , Berndtsson Ronny
Published: February 2019

UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 states that access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy should be provided for all by 2030. Mozambique is one of the poorest countries on earth but has abundant supply of energy resources. The electrification rate, however, has been slow. Rural electrification is hampered by lack of basic infrastructure, institutional barriers, and low ability and willingness to pay for energy services. Thus, there is a general gap between electricity supply and demand. In view of this, the present paper investigates supply and demand of electricity for a typical rural case study area in Mozambique. We suggest a nexus approach to improve water, energy, and food security initiated at a local level. Households in the investigated case study area can be connected to a mini-grid hydropower system that allows for energy production to 80–200 households. To increase the economic profitability of the mini-grid hydropower system we suggest including small-scale industry. For the studied rural village, this would be constituted by a small-scale factory for milling of corn and other cereals. Electricity produced can thus be used for food processing but also for pumping water supply to households for domestic use and small-scale irrigated farming lots. The results indicate that the villagers have a real payment capacity of between 8 and 19 USD per MWh of generated hydropower. Benefits of rural electrification are direct. It contributes to improved living conditions for households and provides better nexus security and sustainable development within healthcare, education, and small-scale business development.
The Enabling Environment for Participation in Water and Sanitation: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Jiménez Alejandro , LeDeunff Hélène , Giné Ricard , Sjödin Johanna , Cronk Ryan , Murad Sofia , Takane Marina , Bartram Jamie
Published: February 2019

Participatory approaches are an important component of institutional frameworks for the governance of water resources and services. Studies on public participation in water management provide evidence for the outcomes of public participation and insights into the types of methods and the contexts under which participation can be meaningful. However, participatory processes are complex, and there is no single method by which to interpret, approach and implement them. This paper explores elements from the theory and practice of participation, applied to the management of water resources and water and sanitation services. Based on an in-depth literature review, we analyze the forms of participation in water and sanitation, their outcomes, as well as the contextual factors and procedural elements of participatory processes that affect their success. Contextual factors are those that are largely outside of the control of agencies or participants (e.g., demographics, history, and culture) or those that can only be influenced by management and institutional decisions in the mid- and long-term (e.g., the legal and institutional framework); while procedural elements are those over which agencies and participants have considerable control when designing and executing participatory efforts (e.g., representativeness and inclusivity, access to information, and opportunity to influence). We propose a framework that interrelates and integrates both contextual factors and procedural elements of participation. It, includes three additional aspects that are influenced by, and in turn influence, the context and the process: existing capacities for implementation of meaningful participatory processes, the resources that are allocated to them, and attitudes towards participatory processes. The framework helps conceptualize what we call the enabling environment for active, free, and meaningful participation in the delivery of water and sanitation services. By breaking down the complexities of participation, the framework supports practitioners and decision-makers to better design and implement participatory processes in water resources and water and sanitation services.
Hydro-Morphological Characteristics Using Flow Duration Curve, Historical Data and Remote Sensing: Effects of Land Use and Climate
Authors: Langat Philip Kibet , Kumar Lalit , Koech Richard , Ghosh Manoj Kumer
Published: February 2019

Ecohydrological changes in large rivers of the world result from a long history of human dimensions and climate. The increasing human population, intensified land use, and climate change have led to a decline in the most critical aspect of achieving sustainable development, namely, that of water resources. This study assessed recent hydromorphological characteristics of the tropical Tana River in Kenya using flow duration curve, and geospatial techniques to gain a better understanding of human impacts over the last two decades and their consequences for new development projects. The results show that all extremal peak, low, and mean discharges exhibited significant increasing trends over a period of 17 years. Dam construction represents a 13% reduction of the maximum discharge and a 30% decrease in low flows, while post-regulation hydrological changes indicated an increase of 56 and 40% of high flows and low flows respectively. Dominant flow was observed to be higher for the current decade than the previous decade, representing a rise of the dominant streamflow by 33%. The assessment of four morphologically active sites at the downstream reach showed channel adjustments which support the changes in the flow regimes observed. The channel width increased by 8.7 and 1.9% at two sites but decreased by 31.5 and 16.2% for the other two sites under study during the time period. The results underscore the contribution of other main human modifications, apart from regulation, such as increased water abstraction and inter basin transfer, up-stream land use and anthropogenic climate change to assess the ecohydrological status in this river basin. Such streamflow regime dynamics may have implications on water resource management, riverine environments, and development of new water projects.
ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTS AT WORK AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
Authors: Šukys Ritoldas , Čyras Petras , Jakutis Algirdas , Stankiuviene Aušra
Published: February 2019

The main purpose of this scientific research is to estimate social and economical consequences of accidents at work and occupational diseases and prepare recommendations to avoid negative economical and social consequences. To achieve this purpose the methods of selection, poll, statistical analytical and mathematical modeling methods were used. The analysis of present workers health was accomplished and safety conditions in separate economic areas were estimated. Manufacturing, building, agricultural economy and transport companies were studied more detailed. Estimating economical consequences of accidents at work and occupational diseases these expenses were estimated:

Paid by social insurance regarding accidents and occupational diseases per year.

The missed days at work regarding accidents and occupational diseases.

Losses of working capacity are:

Regarding serious accidents per year;

Regarding serious accidents during time left until retirement;

Regarding occupation diseases per year;

Regarding occupation diseases during time left until retirement.

A loss in these companies makes 74 % of all losses, because of accidents and occupational diseases in Lithuania's economy. After summarizing the results of this research, social and economical consequences of accidents and occupational diseases at work were estimated in separate economical areas and in the whole country. Recommendations for social consequences of occupational disability are given.
PROFESSIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STRATEGIES FOR THE YEARS 2004–2006
Authors: Šukys Ritoldas , Čyras Petras
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this work is to set down strategic directions of safety and health for the years 2004–2006.

To achieve the objective European Communities Professional safety and health strategies for 2002–2006 were estimated, employee's present state of health and safety analysis was done, professional health and safety scientific researches results were used. In this work the methods of selection, poll, statistic‐analysis, mathematical modulation were used.

The main result of the research is professional health and safety strategic directions for the years 2004–2006:

creating of good physical conditions at work places (increasing work welfare);

consolidating and improving of preventive culture;

modelling and implementing of professional health and safety at work policy that is a component of social policy.

Such directions are determined by:

the increased amount of accidents and industrial diseases in separate sorts of economical activities and performing specific work exceeds Lithuania's average;

incompletely understood the EU and prosecuted preventive principles, written in professional health and safety certificates;

the lack of realizing complex preventive means, considering such important work quality elements as necessary skills and qualification, attribution of work relationship and work organization, work time;

faulty work quality that shows not only in the amount of accidents and professional diseases, but also in country's and company's economic and social outcome, poor business image, which depends on safe and healthy working conditions.
THE EVALUATION MODEL OF CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES’ PERSONNEL SAFETY AND HEALTH SYSTEM
Authors: Dejus Titas , Viteikiene Milda
Published: February 2019

When the economy in the country grows up and strengthens (currently the growth rates of the economy are the highest among three Baltic States), at the same time one of the most important business areas intensively develops. Sometimes it is called as the indicator of the country's economical situation ‐ construction. The facts given by the Statistics Department suggest that BVP in the second quarter of 2003 grew 9,1%, while erection working coverage in construction ‐ about 13,8 %. And if we evaluate the economic inertia influence on the construction business and the bias of accounting (not evaluated yet) ‐ we can expect even greater growth of the real coverage [1], which (the growth) as predicted will last for several years.

When analyzing accidents according to harmful factors at work, we can see that a quarter of them happens when a man falls down from altitude, the sixth ‐ when he falls down due to slip, the tenth ‐ because of the active gear, mechanism, etc. Facts are shown about the accidents at work according to the factors in 2002.
SOME METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Oleinik Pavel P. , Schreiber Andrey K.
Published: February 2019

In recent years the processes of building design, construction and commissioning have been essentially restructured in Russia. It was achieved by introducing new energy‐efficient and resource‐saving methods and techniques reducing the time and increasing the rate of construction. However, the analysis of buildings constructed in the past few years in Russia shows that their construction time is still 1.5 ‐ 2 times longer than that of similar buildings erected in highly developed foreign countries.

The investment process in construction should be considered in terms of a complex dynamic system consisting of four subsystems including the determination of major technical and economical parameters of a building (feasibility study), design, preliminary work and construction which are closely interrelated.

To manage the construction process efficiently all factors influencing its major elements should be identified. To describe major factors determining the investment period they are classified into five groups. In this process more than 50 factors prolonging the investment period as a whole and at the particular stages have been identified.

Summarizing the data of the comprehensive analysis of building construction allowed us to obtain major formulas for calculating all relevant investment parameters.
RESEARCH OF MARKET VALUE OF MULTISTORY HOUSING IN VILNIUS
Authors: Raslanas Saulius
Published: February 2019

Over the recent years the market of multistory housing in Vilnius has developed intensively. For several years the VGTU Property Valuation Science Centre is doing the research into the market of multistory housing of Vilnius applying the regressive‐correlative analysis.

The location (neighborhood), a house type, the year of construction and the condition of the flat have the biggest influence on flat pricing. During the analysis process of selling prices in separate neighborhoods of Vilnius similar results of variations in price curves are received. The dynamics of flat pricing in Vilnius over the last 7 years indicates the price cycle which lasted for 6 years ‐ from 1999 to 2004. During the first two years (till 2001) prices were decreasing. Later, the increase in pricing began and is lasting til now. During the year 2004 an average market value of 1 m2 of flats in residential zoning districts of Vilnius (2366 Lt) has risen by 28% in comparison to 2003 value (1705 Lt). This year the value reached the highest value level of the year 1999 and has exceeded it by 12%. If compared to the lowest value level in 2001, an average market value of 1 m2 has increased by 42% in 2004.

With this periodic dynamics of housing pricing it is very dangerous to valuate it according to the market value in the case of mortgage when banks assign loans. The valuation of real estate in the case of lending must be based on sustainable value the setting of which requires mathematic‐statistical research.
JOB HUNTING ONLINE AND KNOWLEDGE EVALUATION OF THE EMPLOYEES IN THE WORLD
Authors: Rimkevičiūtė Giedrė
Published: February 2019

In this article the possibilities of finding the job by net are displayed. In today's world job hunting on‐line becomes more and more popular. The majority of Internet sites that can be used for job hunting is classified in thematic categories. Brainbench is the most authoritative system of the world that values skills of employees of different fields on‐line. Brainbench, the technologies of the world knowledge assessing system tests which Lithuanian market of job search ‐supply cannot offer, are being analyzed. The conclusions about the advantages and shortcommings of Brainbench system are given about the importance and significance of Brainbench certificates in job market.
AN INTEGRATED FUZZY DEMATEL-FUZZY ANP MODEL FOR EVALUATING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS BY CONSIDERING INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG RISK FACTORS
Authors: Hatefi Seyed Morteza , Tamošaitienė Jolanta
Published: February 2019

Construction projects are associated with a number of uncertainties due to their expanse, complex nature, uniqueness, and dynamic states. Risks in construction projects are, indeed, the events or uncertain situations that can have negative or positive consequences on the project objectives. Many of the risks inherent in construction projects affect each other. For example, the time risk in construction projects can affect the cost risk and vice versa. The intertwined relations between risk factors are ignored in the traditional construction risk assessment methods. To fulfill this gap, this paper proposes an integrated fuzzy DEMATEL-fuzzy ANP model to evaluate construction projects and their overall risks by considering intertwined relations among risk factors. Fuzzy DEMATEL is used to determine the interrelationships and interdependencies among risk factors. The network structure for implementing the fuzzy ANP method is extracted based on the results of fuzzy DEMATEL. The fuzzy ANP is applied to assess the relative importance of risk factors and alternatives and prioritize construction projects. The proposed integrated model is used to evaluate five construction projects based on risk factors in Isfahan, Iran. The results of applying the integrated model reveal that the time, cost and safety risks with the weight values of 0.056, 0.038, and 0.034 are the most important factors among construction risks, respectively. The results reveal that the proposed model can help managers to evaluate the overall risks of construction projects, and select the best project that has the lowest risk.
Ruprecht 147: A Paradigm of Dissolving Star Cluster
Authors: Yeh Fu Chi , Carraro Giovanni , Montalto Marco , Seleznev Anton F.
Published: February 2019

We employed recent Gaia/DR2 data to investigate the dynamical status of the nearby (300 pc), old (2.5 Gyr) open cluster Ruprecht 147. We found prominent leading and trailing tails of stars along the cluster orbit, which demonstrates that Ruprecht 147 is losing stars at fast pace. Star counts indicate the cluster has a core radius of 33.3 arcmin and a tidal radius of 137.5 arcmin. The cluster also possesses an extended corona, which cannot be reproduced by a simple King model. We computed the present-day cluster mass using its luminosity and mass function, and derived an estimate of 234 ± 52 M
⊙. We also estimated the cluster original mass using available recipes extracted from N-body simulations obtaining a mass at birth of 50,000 ± 6500 M
⊙. Therefore dynamical mass loss, mostly caused by tidal interaction with the Milky Way, reduced the cluster mass by about 99%. We then conclude that Ruprecht 147 is rapidly dissolving into the general Galactic disk.
Detection of the Missing Baryons toward the Sightline of H1821+643
Authors: Kovács Orsolya E. , Bogdán Ákos , Smith Randall K. , Kraft Ralph P. , Forman William R.
Published: February 2019

Based on constraints from Big Bang nucleosynthesis and the cosmic microwave background, the baryon content of the high-redshift Universe can be precisely determined. However, at low redshift, about one-third of the baryons remain unaccounted for, which poses the long-standing missing baryon problem. The missing baryons are believed to reside in large-scale filaments in the form of warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). In this work, we employ a novel stacking approach to explore the hot phases of the WHIM. Specifically, we utilize the 470 ks Chandra LETG data of the luminous quasar, H 1821+643, along with previous measurements of UV absorption line systems and spectroscopic redshift measurements of galaxies toward the quasar’s sightline. We repeatedly blueshift and stack the X-ray spectrum of the quasar corresponding to the redshifts of the 17 absorption line systems. Thus, we obtain a stacked spectrum with 8.0 Ms total exposure, which allows us to probe X-ray absorption lines with unparalleled sensitivity. Based on the stacked data, we detect an O vii absorption line that exhibits a Gaussian line profile and is statistically significant at the 3.3σ level. Since the redshifts of the UV absorption line systems were known a priori, this is the first definitive detection of an X-ray absorption line originating from the WHIM. The equivalent width of the O vii line is (4.1 ± 1.3) mÅ, which corresponds to an O vii column density of

. We constrain the absorbing gas to have a density of

for a single WHIM filament. We derive

for the cosmological mass density of O vii, assuming that all 17 systems contribute equally.
Constraints on Upper Cutoffs in the Mass Functions of Young Star Clusters
Authors: Mok Angus , Chandar Rupali , Fall S. Michael
Published: February 2019

We test claims that the power-law mass functions of young star clusters (ages ≲ few × 108 yr) have physical upper cutoffs at

. Specifically, we perform maximum likelihood fits of the Schechter function,

, to the observed cluster masses in eight well-studied galaxies (LMC, SMC, NGC 4214, NGC 4449, M83, M51, Antennae, and NGC 3256). In most cases, we find that a wide range of cutoff masses is permitted (

). We find a weak detection at

in one case (M51) and strong evidence against this value in two cases. However, when we include realistic errors in cluster masses in our analysis, the constraints on M
* become weaker and there are no significant detections (even for M51). Our data are generally consistent with much larger cutoffs, at

. This is the predicted cutoff from dynamical models in which old globular clusters and young clusters observed today formed by similar physical processes with similar initial mass functions.
Yellow-winged digging grasshopper, Acrotylus longipes (Acrididae: Oedipodinae), confirmed in Croatia
Authors: Papković Dora , Jelinčić Antun
Published: February 2019

We present the first confirmed record of the threatened yellow-winged digging grasshopper, Acrotyluslongipes (Acrididae: Oedipodinae), from Croatia, from the island of Mljet, in Blace Bay. The yellow-winged digging grasshopper was found on sandy dunes covered with psammophytic vegetation characteristic of this type of habitat. Previously, only two localities of this species were reported from Croatia, both from photographs. This confirmed locality opens the possibility of a wider distribution of this species on similar habitats throughout Croatia.
Bercy et les lobbies
Authors: Sapin Michel
Published: February 2019

Bercy, grande administration de l’État au service de l’intérêt général, est par nature plongé dans le monde économique et financier, au contact d’intérêts catégoriels et privés. Bercy doit donc d’une part être ouvert aux expressions des acteurs et à leur écoute, et d’autre part se mettre à l’abri des influences ou même du soupçon d’influence. Son administration doit donc être volontaire et exigeante pour lutter contre les conflits d’intérêts et pour mettre en œuvre la transparence sur l’activité des représentants d’intérêts.
Establishing Considerations for Universal Design for Learning and Accessibility in Online Courses
Authors: Haynes Aisha S.
Published: February 2019

Students with and without disabilities are enrolling in online courses. Universal design for learning (UDL) and accessibility strategies should be implemented proactively when designing and developing online courses. Quality assurance and accessibility standards, university support, professional development, and instructional designers are important for instructors to successfully design online courses and teach online. The purpose of this chapter is to provide educators with strategies for implementing UDL and accessibility in online courses.
Technology Management Through Artificial Intelligence in Open and Distance Learning
Authors: Uğur Serap , Kurubacak Gulsun
Published: February 2019

Technology management is a management discipline that evaluates the potential of the cutting-edge technology integration to maintain the competitive institutions, and seeks ways to use these potentials for the benefit of the organizations. The technologies that use in open and distance learning institutions for learner enrollment and course follow-ups, software that teachers use both in content presentations and evaluation stages, etc. They need to use technology in many different services and processes in the managerial dimension. In this chapter, which is conducted by using interpretive phenomenology method from qualitative research methods, it was questioned how to integrate artificial intelligence in open and distance learning systems determined within the scope of technology management for a technology-driven international university. Suggestions were made for artificial intelligence applications in the management of open and distance learners.
Mastering Change Management for Successful Digital Supply Chain Transformations
Authors: Sabri Ehap
Published: February 2019

In response to the dramatic changes in the business landscape over the last few years, many companies are launching business transformations leveraging digital technologies to drive sweeping changes in their supply chain processes. The digital supply chain transformation can be evident establishing collaborative forecasting processes, optimizing networks and inventories, etc. Digital supply chain transformation is not a new buzz word. It is the application of digital capabilities to processes, products, and assets to improve supply chain efficiency, enhance customer value, manage risk, and achieve competitive advantage. However, organizations are still facing numerous challenges to transform and perform. Perhaps the most common misunderstanding is that digital transformation is all about the implementation and use of cutting-edge technologies. This chapter will dive deep to understand major challenges to digital supply chain transformations, identify the key drivers and enablers of digital opportunity, and provide a change management framework for digital supply chain transformation.
Digital Transformation
Authors: Verma Likhit , Lalwani Mohit
Published: February 2019

Supply chain industry is undergoing massive digital transformation. However, the pace of transformation has been rather slow. One of the challenges in the transformation is that there is so much dependency among various digital technologies that if one is implemented without the other, it might lead to no value creation at all. Furthermore, some of these technologies are dependent on other technologies that are still in its early phase of adoption. The existing technologies (namely artificial intelligence, machine learning, augmented reality, internet of things, virtual reality, big data) are critical enablers for the digital supply chain network; however, to unleash the full potential of these technologies, an extensive data sharing and analysis is required. This will only be possible if there is a robust telecom network. 5G with its features of low latency, high bandwidth, higher speeds, and low power requirements is expected to fill the void and hence expedite the digital supply chain transformation.
Supply Chain Processes Modelling for Digitalization
Authors: Lederer Matthias , Quitt Anna , Avci Remzi , Büsch Mario
Published: February 2019

Process orientation is often seen as a central starting point for optimizing business performance. This is especially true for supply chain workflows because modeling, understood as specifying activities, data, resources, and control flows, is usually the first step in selecting and implementing digital approaches such as smart factories, virtual agents, and autonomous systems. Many different process notations are known (e.g., detailed vs. rough, flexible vs. standardized, etc.), and at the same time, fundamentally different SCM process types make various assumptions about suitable modeling (e.g., integration of value chain partners, standardization). This chapter presents an association model that suggests which notation fits best to which SCM type. The chapter discusses the benefits of specific notations for classical as well as modern challenges of SCM to help in the selection of notations. The resulting specifications serve as the basis for the holistic digitization of supply chains.
Valences of the Corporate Governance in the Process of Accounting Reporting
Authors: Dănescu Tatiana , Prozan Mihaela
Published: February 2019

In the context of the issues that the global economy is facing, one of the main concerns of the regulative authorities, of the professional organizations, and of entities was and still is identifying the risk factors that affect the systems of corporative governance and the systems and processes through which the supply of reliable information in the decision-making process is insured. Another concern is identifying reliable solutions for insuring the implementation of a proactive and prospective risk management that makes a mark on the utility of the information presented and communicated to the targeted users, especially through accounting reporting. Hence, through the necessity of insuring the transparency and the utility of accounting information, in this chapter, the role of corporate governance, in improving the process of accounting reporting and as a consequence of the value of accounting information, will be synthetically presented.
Managing Uncertainties in the Project 4.0 Lifecycle
Authors: Klünder Timo , Dörseln Jan Niklas , Steven Marion
Published: February 2019

Three out of four projects are not getting off the ground. It is questionable whether industry 4.0 represents an additional obstacle to the execution of projects or contributes to overcoming these barriers. The fourth industrial revolution extends to all phases of the value-creation process. The project, ubiquitous in Industry 4.0, suffers a fundamental change covered by the definition of a Project 4.0. Uncertainties arising from the far-reaching changes in the environment and companies over the entire lifecycle of a project are not taken into account yet. Considering the uncertainties, there is an uncertainty descent from early to late stages of the Project 4.0 lifecycle. Here, by describing anomalies of subjective uncertainty assessment, the massive uncertainties perceived by decision makers were put into perspective. This serves as prerequisite for the design of a sound tool for an unambiguous decision on the execution of a Project 4.0. This tool contributes to insuring that more than one out of four projects succeeds.
An ANP Approach for Prioritizing the Agile Project Management Criteria in Industry 4.0 Transition
Authors: Yanık Seda , Işıklı Erkan
Published: February 2019

The Fourth Industrial Revolution requires today's companies to bring the physical and digital world together to achieve a higher efficiency and gain competitive advantage. This transformation can be made possible using advanced technologies which has interdependencies on one another and their implementation can be best achieved using project management principles. Agile principles (e.g. multiple iterations, stakeholder involvement) play an important role in executing this transformation. In this study, the authors first defined the processes and technologies required in the Industry 4.0 transition. Since the projects related to different technologies may require the prioritization of project management dimensions to cope with complexity and uncertainty, agile project management criteria are specified to prioritize them adopting a multi-criteria decision-making approach, namely the Analytical Network Process. Using the results obtained, suggestions for the creation of a framework to manage the Industry 4.0 transformation in an agile manner were presented.
Management of Big Data Projects
Authors: Tokuç A. Aylin , Uran Zeynep Eda , Tekin Ahmet Tezcan
Published: February 2019

Big data is an emerging area of research that is of interest to various fields; however, studies in the literature and various sources claim that failure rates for big data projects are considerably high. There are different reasons for failure; varying from management processes to the use of wrong technologies. This study investigates how the project management framework proposed by Project Management Institute (PMI) can be effectively adapted to big data projects to reduce failure rates. The application of processes as mentioned in this study can help to eliminate the causes of failure in the early stages of the project; thus, increasing the successful completion rate of such projects.
Measuring Software Development Project Performance
Authors: Yildirim Nihan , Ersöz Semih , Altun Bilal
Published: February 2019

Adopting agile methodologies to software development processes helps software companies to sustain their growth through efficiency for long term. In the digital transformation era, Industry 4.0 as part of High-Tech Strategy 2020 for Germany involves agile principles and brings the latest technological trends in production process. The purpose of this chapter is to design a proper agile project management performance measurement model for start-up software companies. First, all key performance indicators related to agile development in the literature have been listed. Then KPIs that are provided from literature review with content analysis have been reviewed and categorized by expert opinions that were collected through in-depth interviews. Seven strategic KPIs and their data collection systems are defined and designed. Lastly, process and data collection improvements are recommended in order to sustain agile development measurement model.
Power Quality of Electrical Power Systems
Authors: Mahfoud Feras Youssef , Guzun Basarab Dan , Lazaroiu George Cristian , Alhelou H. H.
Published: February 2019

Power quality problems can cause processes and equipment to malfunction or shut down. And the consequences can range from excessive energy costs to complete work stoppage. Obviously, power quality is critical. There are many ways in which a power feed can be poor quality, and so no single figure can completely quantify the quality of a power feed. In this chapter, the authors present all definitions, classifications, and problems related to power quality. Finally, they do a comparison between the practical measurements and standards related to power quality.
An Overview of Wide Area Measurement System and Its Application in Modern Power Systems
Authors: Alhelou H. H.
Published: February 2019

In this chapter, wide area measurement systems (WAMS), which are one of the cornerstones in modern power systems, are overviewed. The WAMS has great applications in power system monitoring, operation, control, and protection systems. In the modern power systems, WAMS is adopted as a base for the modern monitoring and control techniques. Therefore, an introduction of WAMS is firstly provided. Then, phasor measurement unit (PMU), which is the base of WAMS, is described. Afterward, the most recent developments in power system estimation, stability, and security techniques, which are based on WAMS, are introduced. Later, general system setup for WAMS-based under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) is provided. Finally, the required communications infrastructures are comprehensively discussed.
Operation of Microgrid and Control Strategies
Authors: Veeraganti Suma Deepthi , Nittala Ramchandra
Published: February 2019

Microgrids are the most innovative area in the electric power industry today. A microgrid can operate in grid-connected or islanded mode. In islanded mode, microgrids can provide electricity to the rural areas with lower cost and minimum power losses. Several methods have been proposed in the literature for the successful operation of a microgrid. This chapter presents an overview of the major challenges and their possible solutions for planning, operation, and control of islanded operation of a microgrid. Microgrids are the most innovative area in the electric power industry today. Moreover, microgrids provide local voltage and frequency regulation support and improve reliability and power capacity of the grid. The most popular among the control strategies based on droop characteristics, in addition a central controller is described within a hierarchical control scheme to optimize the operation of the microgrid during interconnected operation. Microgrid control methods, including PQ control, droop control, voltage/frequency control, and current control methods are formulated.
A Systematic Survey of the Realm of Biomechanics
Authors: Mahapatra Deepak , Bhowmick Shubhankar , Sanyal Shubhashis
Published: February 2019

The area of biomechanics is challenging and broad as it involves multidisciplinary concepts of engineering together with functional knowledge of biosciences. The area is rapidly evolving and new additions to it are being made daily. A survey that may help a beginner to have a general look on the broader aspects of the sub-domains of biomechanics is not available. The chapter aims to overview the realm of biomechanics and provide an introduction to various areas with mention to researches carried out. A broad survey of various areas of biomechanics from a mechanical engineer's perspective is reported in this chapter. Prominent areas like biomechanics of human motion; bone and joint biomechanics; biomechanics of spine; biomechanics of head, shoulder, and muscles; biomechanical analysis of heart and lungs; biomechanical analysis of arteries and veins; and MEMS in biomechanics are explored. Though it is difficult to include all the developments relevant to the above areas, the authors have focused primarily on a few prominent studies made in the last two decades in various domains.
A Brief History of Prosthetics and Orthotics of the Lower Body and Their Types
Authors: Bhuyan Dheeman , Kumar Kaushik
Published: February 2019

Prosthetics and orthotics are items taken for granted in today's day and age. However, this has not always been the case. The history of these everyday items is long and very colorful. In this chapter, the authors shed light on the history and development of prosthetics and orthotics of the lower body in order to better understand the current state of the art in the fields. A historical perspective is provided followed by enumeration of the types of devices and techniques available without going into the form and function of individual products.
Scaffolds and Tissue Engineering Applications by 3D Bio-Printing Process
Authors: Barua Ranjit , Datta Sudipto , Datta Pallab , Chowdhury Amit Roy
Published: February 2019

3D bio-printing is a revolutionary manufacturing process that is widely used in medical fields especially in preparing bone scaffolds and tissue engineering. With the help of new biocompatible material like polymers, bio-gels, ceramics, this technology has created a new site in advanced tissue engineering and scaffolds manufacturing area. Another important thing is that, with the use of CAD file software, any complex design can be prepared (i.e., this technology does not have any limited sites). But here it is very much essential to study and analyze machine printability characteristics, cross-linking time and biocompatibility of printing objects as well as bio-ink. However, mechanical properties like shear thinning, mechanical elasticity are also required. In this chapter, different types of scaffold-preparing methods and the bio-printing process are discussed, which are used in scaffold and tissue engineering.
An Improved Genetic Algorithm and A New Discrete Cuckoo Algorithm for Solving the Classical Substitution Cipher
Authors: Jain Ashish , Chaudhari Narendra S.
Published: February 2019

Searching secret key of classical ciphers in the keyspace is a challenging NP-complete problem that can be successfully solved using metaheuristic techniques. This article proposes two metaheuristic techniques: improved genetic algorithm (IGA) and a new discrete cuckoo search (CS) algorithm for solving a classical substitution cipher. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed techniques are compared to the existing tabu search (TS) and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques using three criteria: (a) average number of key elements correctly detected, (b) average number of keys examined before determining the required key, and (c) the mean performance time. As per the results obtained, the improved GA is comparatively better than the existing GA for criteria (a) and (c), while the proposed CS strategy is significantly better than rest of the algorithms (i.e., GA, IGA, and TS) for all three criteria. The obtained results indicate that the proposed CS technique can be an efficient and effective option for solving other similar NP-complete combinatorial problems also.
A Decision Support Tool (DST) for Inventory Management
Authors: Obot Okure Udo , George Uduak David , Victoria Sunday Umana
Published: February 2019

Loss of customer goodwill is one of the greatest losses a business organization can incur. One reason for such a loss is stock outage. In an attempt to solve this problem, an overstock could result. Overstock comes with an increase in the holding and carrying cost. It is an attempt to solve these twin problems that an economic order quantity (EOQ) model was developed. Information on fifteen items comprised of 10 non-seasonal and 5 seasonal items was collected from a supermarket in Ikot Ekpene town, Nigeria. The information includes the quantity of daily sales, the unit price, the lead time and the number of times an item is ordered in a month. Based on this information, a simple moving average and y-trend method of forecasting were used to forecast the sales quantity for the following month for the non-seasonal and seasonal items. The forecast value was used to compute the EOQ for each of the items. Different scenarios were created to simulate the fuzzy logic EOQ after which the result of the conventional method, EOQ method, and fuzzy EOQ methods were obtained and compared. It was revealed that if the EOQ method is adopted, savings of 43% of holding and carrying cost would be made. From the scenarios of a fuzzy EOQ, a savings of 35.65% was recorded. It was however observed that in a real-life situation, the savings on a fuzzy EOQ is likely to be higher than that of an EOQ considering the incessant public power outages and the increase in transportation fares due to the high cost of fuel and the bad state of roads in Nigeria. To this end, a Decision Support Tool (DST) was developed to help the supermarket manage its inventory based on daily predictions. The DST incorporates a filter engine to take care of some emotional and cognitive incidences within the environment.
Digital Economy in Egypt
Authors: Allah Mohamed Abo Bakr Abd
Published: February 2019

The evolutionary stages for each state are crucial to foresee its fate. After the 2011 revolution events, Egypt suffered from decline in all economic indicators. Nowadays, people live a new age of comprehensive economic reform. This article focuses on studying digital economy as one of the future economic aspects that helps achieving the sustainable development, and how to apply it in Egypt. It illustrates the global development in the digital economy; the current economic conditions in Egypt; the expected contributions of the digital economy to the Egyptian economy; the government efforts exerted towards building a digital economy; and the main elements supporting it.