bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Method for Detecting Atmospheric Lagrangian Coherent Structures Using a Single Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aircraft System
Authors: Nolan Peter J. , McClelland Hunter G. , Woolsey Craig A. , Ross Shane D.
Published: April 2019

The transport of material through the atmosphere is an issue with wide ranging implications for fields as diverse as agriculture, aviation, and human health. Due to the unsteady nature of the atmosphere, predicting how material will be transported via the Earth’s wind field is challenging. Lagrangian diagnostics, such as Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs), have been used to discover the most significant regions of material collection or dispersion. However, Lagrangian diagnostics can be time-consuming to calculate and often rely on weather forecasts that may not be completely accurate. Recently, Eulerian diagnostics have been developed which can provide indications of LCS and have computational advantages over their Lagrangian counterparts. In this paper, a methodology is developed for estimating local Eulerian diagnostics from wind velocity data measured by a single fixed-wing unmanned aircraft system (UAS) flying in a circular arc. Using a simulation environment, driven by realistic atmospheric velocity data from the North American Mesoscale (NAM) model, it is shown that the Eulerian diagnostic estimates from UAS measurements approximate the true local Eulerian diagnostics and also predict the passage of LCSs. This methodology requires only a single flying UAS, making it easier and more affordable to implement in the field than existing alternatives, such as multiple UASs and Dopler LiDAR measurements. Our method is general enough to be applied to calculate the gradient of any scalar field.
A Smart Wireless Ear-Worn Device for Cardiovascular and Sweat Parameter Monitoring During Physical Exercise: Design and Performance Results
Authors: Gil Bruno , Anastasova Salzitsa , Yang Guang
Published: April 2019

Wearable biomedical technology has gained much support lately as devices have become more affordable to the general public and they can easily interact with mobile phones and other platforms. The feasibility and accuracy of the data generated by these devices so as to replace the standard medical methods in use today is still under scrutiny. In this paper, we present an ear-worn device to measure cardiovascular and sweat parameters during physical exercise. ECG bipolar recordings capture the electric potential around both ears, whereas sweat rate is estimated by the impedance method over one segment of tissue closer to the left ear, complemented by the measurement of the lactate and pH levels using amperiometric and potentiometric sensors, respectively. Together with head acceleration, the acquired data is sent to a mobile phone via BLE, enabling extended periods of signal recording. Results obtained by the device have shown a SNR level of 18 dB for the ECG signal recorded around the ears, a THD value of −20.46 dB for the excitation signal involved in impedance measurements, sweat conductivity of 0.08 S/m at 1 kHz and sensitivities of 50 mV/pH and 0.8 μA/mM for the pH and lactate acquisition channels, respectively. Testing of the device was performed in human subjects during indoors cycling with characteristic level changes.
Steering Angle Assisted Vehicular Navigation Using Portable Devices in GNSS-Denied Environments
Authors: Moussa Mohamed , Moussa Adel , El-Sheimy Naser
Published: April 2019

Recently, land vehicle navigation, and especially by the use of low-cost sensors, has been the object of a huge level of research interest. Consumer Portable Devices (CPDs) such as tablets and smartphones are being widely used by many consumers all over the world. CPDs contain sensors (accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometer, etc.) that can be used for many land vehicle applications such as navigation. This paper presents a novel approach for estimating steering wheel angles using CPD accelerometers by attaching CPDs to the steering wheel. The land vehicle change of heading is then computed from the estimated steering wheel angle. The calculated change of heading is used to update the navigation filter to aid the onboard Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) through the use of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) in GNSS-denied environments. Four main factors that may affect the steering wheel angle accuracy are considered and modeled during steering angle estimations: static onboard IMU leveling, inclination angle of the steering wheel, vehicle acceleration, and vehicle inclination. In addition, these factors are assessed for their effects on the final result. Therefore, three methods are proposed for steering angle estimation: non-compensated, partially-compensated, and fully-compensated methods. A road experimental test was carried out using a Pixhawk (PX4) navigation system, iPad Air, and the OBD-II interface. The average Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the change of heading estimated by the proposed method was 0.033 rad/s. A navigation solution was estimated while changes of heading and forward velocity updates were used to aid the IMU during different GNSS signal outages. The estimated navigation solution is enhanced when applying the proposed updates to the navigation filter by 91% and 97% for 60 s and 120 s of GNSS signal outage, respectively, compared to the IMU standalone solution.
A 10-nm Spectral Resolution Hyperspectral LiDAR System Based on an Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter
Authors: Chen Yuwei , Li Wei , Hyyppä Juha , Wang Ning , Jiang Changhui , Meng Fanrong , Tang Lingli , Puttonen Eetu , Li Chuanrong
Published: April 2019

Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) technology can obtain spectral and ranging information from targets by processing the recorded waveforms and measuring the time of flight (ToF). With the development of the supercontinuum laser (SCL), it is technically easier to develop an active hyperspectral LiDAR system that can simultaneously collect both spatial information and extensive spectral information from targets. Compared with traditional LiDAR technology, which can only obtain range and intensity information at the selected spectral wavelengths, HSL detection technology has demonstrated its potential and adaptability for various quantitative applications from its spectrally resolved waveforms. However, with most previous HSLs, the collected spectral information is discrete, and such information might be insufficient and restrict the further applicability of the HSLs. In this paper, a tunable HSL technology using an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as a spectroscopic device was proposed, designed, and tested to address this issue. Both the general range precision and the accuracy of the spectral measurement were evaluated. By tuning the spectroscopic device in the time dimension, the proposed AOTF-HSL could achieve backscattered echo with continuous coverage of the full spectrum of 500–1000 nm, which had the unique characteristics of a continuous spectrum in the visible and near infrared (VNIR) regions with 10 nm spectral resolution. Yellow and green leaves from four plants (aloe, dracaena, balata, and radermachera) were measured using the AOTF-HSL to assess its feasibility in agriculture application. The spectral profiles measured by a standard spectrometer (SVC© HR-1024) were used as a reference for evaluating the measurements of the AOTF-HSL. The difference between the spectral measurements collected from active and passive instruments was minor. The comparison results show that the AOTF-based consecutive and high spectral resolution HSL was effective for this application.
A Screening Method Based on Headspace-Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Identify Adulterated Honey
Authors: Aliaño-González María José , Ferreiro-González Marta , Espada-Bellido Estrella , Palma Miguel , Barbero Gerardo F.
Published: April 2019

Nowadays, adulteration of honey is a frequent fraud that is sometimes motivated by the high price of this product in comparison with other sweeteners. Food adulteration is considered a deception to consumers that may have an important impact on people’s health. For this reason, it is important to develop fast, cheap, reliable and easy to use analytical methods for food control. In the present research, a novel method based on headspace-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-IMS) for the detection of adulterated honey by adding high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has been developed. A Box–Behnken design combined with a response surface method have been used to optimize a procedure to detect adulterated honey. Intermediate precision and repeatability studies have been carried out and coefficients of variance of 4.90% and 4.27%, respectively, have been obtained. The developed method was then tested to detect adulterated honey. For that purpose, pure honey samples were adulterated with HFCS at different percentages (10–50%). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed a tendency of the honey samples to be classified according to the level of adulteration. Nevertheless, a perfect classification was not achieved. On the contrary, a full classification (100%) of all the honey samples was performed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). This is the first time the technique of HS-IMS has been applied for the determination of adulterated honey with HFCS in an automatic way.
The Instrument Design of the DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS)
Authors: Krutz David , Müller Rupert , Knodt Uwe , Günther Burghardt , Walter Ingo , Sebastian Ilse , Säuberlich Thomas , Reulke Ralf , Carmona Emiliano , Eckardt Andreas , Venus Holger , Fischer Christian , Zender Bernd , Arloth Simone , Lieder Matthias , Neidhardt Michael , Grote Ute , Schrandt Friedrich , Gelmi Samuele , Wojtkowiak Andreas
Published: April 2019

Whether for identification and characterization of materials or for monitoring of the environment, space-based hyperspectral instruments are very useful. Hyperspectral instruments measure several dozens up to hundreds of spectral bands. These data help to reconstruct the spectral properties like reflectance or emission of Earth surface or the absorption of the atmosphere, and to identify constituents on land, water, and in the atmosphere. There are a lot of possible applications, from vegetation and water quality up to greenhouse gas monitoring. But the actual number of hyperspectral space-based missions or hyperspectral space-based data is limited. This will be changed in the next years by different missions. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS) is one of the new currently existing space-based hyperspectral instruments, launched in 2018 and ready to reduce the gap of space-born hyperspectral data. The instrument is operating onboard the International Space Station, using the Multi-User System for Earth Sensing (MUSES) platform. The instrument has 235 spectral bands in the wavelength range from visible (400 nm) to near-infrared (1000 nm), which results in a 2.5 nm spectral sampling distance and a ground sampling distance of 30 m from 400 km orbit of the International Space Station. In this article, the design of the instrument will be described.
A Novel KGP Algorithm for Improving INS/GPS Integrated Navigation Positioning Accuracy
Authors: Zhang Huibing , Li Tong , Yin Lihua , Liu Dingke , Zhou Ya , Zhang Jingwei , Pan Fang
Published: April 2019

The fusion of multi-source sensor data is an effective method for improving the accuracy of vehicle navigation. The generalization abilities of neural-network-based inertial devices and GPS integrated navigation systems weaken as the nonlinearity in the system increases, resulting in decreased positioning accuracy. Therefore, a KF-GDBT-PSO (Kalman Filter-Gradient Boosting Decision Tree-Particle Swarm Optimization, KGP) data fusion method was proposed in this work. This method establishes an Inertial Navigation System (INS) error compensation model by integrating Kalman Filter (KF) and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT). To improve the prediction accuracy of the GBDT, we optimized the learning algorithm and the fitness parameter using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). When the GPS signal was stable, the KGP method was used to solve the nonlinearity issue between the vehicle feature and positioning data. When the GPS signal was unstable, the training model was used to correct the positioning error for the INS, thereby improving the positioning accuracy and continuity. The experimental results show that our method increased the positioning accuracy by 28.20–59.89% compared with the multi-layer perceptual neural network and random forest regression.
Online IMU Self-Calibration for Visual-Inertial Systems
Authors: Xiao Yao , Ruan Xiaogang , Chai Jie , Zhang Xiaoping , Zhu Xiaoqing
Published: April 2019

Low-cost microelectro mechanical systems (MEMS)-based inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurements are usually affected by inaccurate scale factors, axis misalignments, and g-sensitivity errors. These errors may significantly influence the performance of visual-inertial methods. In this paper, we propose an online IMU self-calibration method for visual-inertial systems equipped with a low-cost inertial sensor. The goal of our method is to concurrently perform 3D pose estimation and online IMU calibration based on optimization methods in unknown environments without any external equipment. To achieve this goal, we firstly develop a novel preintegration method that can handle the IMU intrinsic parameters error propagation. Then, we frame IMU calibration problem into general factors so that we can easily integrate the factors into the current graph-based visual-inertial frameworks and jointly optimize the IMU intrinsic parameters as well as the system states in a big bundle. We evaluate the proposed method with a publicly available dataset. Experimental results verify that the proposed approach is able to accurately calibrate all the considered parameters in real time, leading to significant improvement of estimation precision of visual-inertial system (VINS) compared with the estimation results with offline precalibrated IMU measurements.
Trend Analysis of Temperature Data for Narayani River Basin, Nepal
Authors: Chand Mohan , Bhattarai Bikas , Baral Prashant , Pradhananga Niraj
Published: April 2019

Study of spatiotemporal dynamics of temperature is vital to assess changes in climate, especially in the Himalayan region where livelihoods of billions of people living downstream depends on water coming from the melting of snow and glacier. To this end, temperature trend analysis is carried out in Narayani river basin, a major river basin of Nepal characterized by three climatic regions: tropical, subtropical and alpine. Temperature data from six stations located within the basin are analyzed. The elevation of these stations ranges from 460 to 3800 m asl. and the time period of available temperature data ranges from 1960–2015. Multiple regression and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) methods are applied to fill in the missing data. Annual as well as seasonal trends are analyzed and Mann-Kendall test is employed for testing the statistical significance of detected trend. Results indicate significant cooling trends before 1970s, and warming trends after 1970s in the majority of the stations. The warming trends range from 0.028 ∘ C per year to 0.035 ∘ C per year with a mean increasing trend of 0.03 ∘ C per year after 1971. Seasonal trends show highest warming trends in monsoon season followed by winter, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon season. However, difference in warming rates between different seasons isn’t sufficiently large. An average temperature lapse rate of −0.006 ∘ C per m with the steepest value (−0.0064 ∘ C per m) in pre-monsoon season and least negative (−0.0052 ∘ C per m) in winter season is observed for this basin. A comparative analysis of the gap-filled data with freely available global climate data sets shows reasonable correlation thus confirming the suitability of the gap filling methods.
Archaeometry’s Role in Cultural Heritage Sustainability and Development
Authors: Liritzis Ioannis , Korka Elena
Published: April 2019

The interdisciplinary field of archaeometry covers a wide range of subject categories and disciplines in relation to science and humanities. It is a well-established academic field of study and accredited part of higher education. Since its inception, the nomenclature designation of archaeometry signifies the appropriate methodology applied to archaeological materials and questions emerging from this field, regarding monuments, artifacts, and the reconstruction and management of landscape bearing cultural assets. The measurements of tangible culture denote significant information, such as chronology, authenticity, technology, characterization, provenance, discovering buried antiquities, ancient-day life activities, and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions and modelling; furthermore, proxy data collected from environmental dynamic non-liner perturbations, which link local ecosystems with dwellings, are gathered by academia to study the past. The traditional rooting signifies the cultural legacies of people, which define the human desire and the confidence of memory and future trends. Beyond the mere study of the past, archaeometry’s role increasingly proves affinity to prosperity, if properly managed. The major archaeometrical contributions in cultural heritage and archaeology in general are reviewed herein, and we present the policies that could develop archaeometrical data into a sustainable stage of local, regional, and national economic development. Τhe United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) conventions for the documentation and protection of cultural heritage via new technologies and archaeometry are reviewed and connected to development strategies and sustainable development goals.
El impacto de la dolarización en el sistema económico: Caso Ecuador 2000- 2016
Authors: Calderón Salazar Jorge , Zambrano Sandra
Published: April 2019

La investigación se centró en estudiar el impacto de la dolarización en el sistema económico utilizando como instrumentos de estudio indicadores macroeconómicos de alta relevancia, mediante análisis de datos de serie de tiempo se exploraron los cambios en la inflación, el crecimiento del PIB, la oferta monetaria y la liquidez, por tal se deduce, en primer lugar, que una vez implementada la dolarización la inflación disminuyó, en segundo, el PIB real y nominal presentan estabilidad ya que ha tenido un crecimiento notable, tercero, la oferta monetaria M1 y la liquidez total M2 aumentaron, concluyendo que la dolarización generó un impacto positivo en la economía ecuatoriana sin embargo existen otros factores importantes que limitan el crecimiento económico de los últimos años como es la caída del petróleo, la apreciación del dólar, el desastre natural sucedido en el año 2016, la falta de inversión extranjera, entre otros.

 

Palabras clave: sistema monetarios, inflación, mercado financiero y maroeconomico.

 

ABSTRACT

 

Research focused on the study of the impact of adopting the U.S. dollar as the official currency of Ecuador on the economic system, using highly relevant macroeconomic indicators by analysis of data of time series. It was possible to explore the changes in inflation, GDP growth, money supply and liquidity. It follows that firstly that once dollarization has been implemented inflation has declined; secondly the real GDP and Nominal growth are stable since it has had a notable economic growth; thirdly, the money supply M1 and total liquidity M2 have increased, concluding that dollarization has had a positive impact on the Ecuadorian economy, however, there are other important factors that prevent economic growth in recent years as, among others, the fall of oil prize, the dollar appreciation, natural disaster which occurred in 2016, and the lack of foreign investment.

 

Key words: monetary system, inflation, financial market and maroeconomico.
Dinámica Contextualizada de la Formación Permanente del Maestro Tutor en la Unidad Docente
Authors: Pérez Pelipiche Nirma , Pérez Pelipiche Carmina , Pérez Miró Francisco Antonio
Published: April 2019

La investigación que se presentan acerca de la dinámica contextualizada de la formación permanente del maestro tutor en la unidad docente, es resultado de la sistematización de fundamentos epistemológicos que sustentan su construcción teórica. Se presenta un modelo que parte de la comprensión e interpretación de este proceso como sistema, en el cual los subsistemas, componentes, estructura, relaciones y niveles relacionales entre ellos, dan cuenta de las contradicciones que se evidencian en dicho proceso, y que permiten estructurar como instrumento, la dinámica de formación permanente, garante de la formación de la capacidad transformadora del maestro tutor en la práctica de su labor tutoral, en el escenario de la unidad docente. En este estudio, fueron empleados técnicas y métodos: encuestas, entrevistas, observación, técnicas estadísticas y los métodos: histórico-lógico; de análisis-síntesis y sistémico-estructural-funcional, todos desde un enfoque hermenéutico-dialéctico.
La Inclusión Educativa: Una Alternativa en las Escuelas Primarias Rurales en Cuba
Authors: Rodríguez Cosme María , LimontaL Alondriz Juana
Published: April 2019

La inclusión educativa es un término que ha cobrado auge en estos últimos años en Cuba y en otros países, de forma que requiere de una atención sistemática a partir de sus regularidades y tendencias que posibiliten estar a tono con las corrientes pedagógicas de estos tiempos, sin obviar, las potencialidades que cobra para una verdadera atención a la diversidad. Estos argumentos posibilitan entender la necesidad que el maestro en formación reciba desde el currículo, contenidos pedagógicos, psicológicos y didácticos que le ofrezcan los fundamentos para su desarrollo profesional y al mismo tiempo, las herramientas para brindar un seguimiento a la diversidad e inclusión como una exigencia de la educación para todos en el mundo y en Cuba.  No se puede aludir hoy a desarrollo educacional, si no se ofrece seguimiento a las necesidades educativas especiales y a las motivaciones de los escolares a partir de una adecuada instrucción y educación como categorías pedagógicas. Por eso, el objetivo de la investigación es reflexionar en la importancia de la inclusión en el sistema educativo para la formación del maestro primario, la cual cobra particular significación en el contexto rural.
Reflexiones Acerca de la Formación de la Cultura Universitaria
Authors: Aranda Cintra Belkis , Ávila Seco Yamilet , Mafrán Domínguez Yelena
Published: April 2019

Hablar sobre la calidad, en los sistemas educativos contemporáneos, implica necesariamente la presencia de una cultura escolar, cuyo marco general es, en el caso cubano, la propia concepción de cultura general integral. La cultura escolar posee una relativa antigüedad tanto desde el ángulo profesional, como desde el cotidiano. 

La comprensión de este particular ha llevado hoy día, a la necesidad de reclamar un espacio teórico-reflexivo de mayor alcance donde las ciencias de la educación ocupen, con mayor razón, un espacio capaz  de generar explicaciones y soluciones a dificultades y problemas que se presentan en la formación del hombre en su relación con su propio entorno social y medioambiental a través del proceso docente educativo, y todo el sistema de influencias que se desprende de estas interacciones y que conforman también el fenómeno de la cultura escolar, que como resultado genera productos culturales cuyos principales objetivos están encaminados al propio desarrollo y al crecimiento humano.
Forecasting Chestnut Production and Export of Turkey Using ARIMA Model
Authors: BAŞER Uğur , BOZOĞLU Mehmet , ALHAS EROĞLU Nevra , KILIÇ TOPUZ Bakiye
Published: April 2019

Turkey is one of main producers and exporter countries of chestnut in the world. It is essential to assess scientifically the accurate future production and export potentials of chestnut on the basis of past trends. This study focuses on forecasting the chestnut production and export of Turkey up to the year 2021 using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The time series data for the chestnut production and export of Turkey were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Annual data for the period of 1961-2016 was used for the study. The study revealed that the best models for forecasting the chestnut production and export were ARIMA (1, 1, 1) and ARIMA (1, 2, 1), respectively. The ARIMA model showed that while the chestnut production of Turkey in 2021 would be 64.183 tonnes with lower limit of 38.946 tonnes and upper limit of 89420 tonnes. However, Turkey’s chestnut export in 2021 would be 7.962 tonnes with lower limit of 563 tonnes and upper limit of 15362 tonnes. The study concluded that Turkey’s chestnut production and export will increase in the forecasted years. The stakeholders of chestnut sector should take account these projections in their production and marketing decision.
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SEIDEL TYPE MULTICOMPONENT ITERATIVE METHOD
Authors: Abrashin V. N. , Čiegis R. , Pakeniene V. , Zhadaeva N. G.
Published: April 2019

This paper deals with the stability analysis of multicomponent iterative methods for solving elliptic problems. They are based on a general splitting method, which decomposes a multidimensional parabolic problem into a system of one dimensional implicit problems. Error estimates in the L 2 norm are proved for the first method. For the stability analysis of Seidel type iterative method we use a spectral method. Two dimensional and three dimensional problems are investigated. Finally, we present results of numerical experiments. Our goal is to investigate the dependence of convergence rates of multicomponent iterative methods on the smoothness of the solution. Hence we solve a discrete problem, which approximates the 3D Poisson's problem. It is proved that the number of iterations depends weakly on the number of grid points if the exact solution and the initial approximation are smooth functions, both. The same problem is also solved by the Stability Correction iterative method. The obtained results indicate a similar behavior.
FEDORENKO FINITE SUPERELEMENT METHOD AS SPECIAL GALERKIN APPROXIMATION
Authors: Galanin M. , Savenkov E.
Published: April 2019

In this work we introduce variational equation which natural Petrov‐Galerkin approximation leads to Fedorenko Finite Superelement Method (FSEM). FSEM is considered as Petrov‐Galerkin approximation of the certain problem for traces of boundary‐value problem solution at the boundaries of some subdomains (superelements). Iterative methods of solution of the same problem are well known domain decomposition methods. Some numerical results are presented.
ON THE OXIDE FILMS EFFECT ON THE THERMAL PROCESSES IN THE PARTICLE‐SUBSTRATE SYSTEM DURING PLASMA SPRAYING
Authors: Gromyko G. , Zayats G.
Published: April 2019

In the present paper one mathematical model of the thermal processes in the particle‐substrate system under plasma spraying is developed. The energy equation is solved for both particle and substrate regions using the adjoint conditions for the temperature. Main attention is paid to investigation of the temperature in contact of the particle with substrate. The oxide films effect on the surface substrate taking onto account thermal resistance of oxide is simulated. Numerical results for the heat transfer process and the effect of some important processing parameters have been discussed. Numerical algorithms were realized in the form of applied programs complex.
ON THE BOUNDARY OF CONVEXITY OF UNIVALENT FUNCTIONS CLASS IN HALF‐PLANE
Authors: Kirjackis J.
Published: April 2019

In this article we establish the maximum radius of the disc which any univalent in the half‐plane function maps onto a convex domain.
SYSTEM OF THE COMPLICATED PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ANALYSIS
Authors: Kolesnikov A. V. , Fedorov O. P.
Published: April 2019

The original methodology of the system analysis of the inhomogeneous problem is offered, including stages of its reducing to homogeneous parts and selecting for them appropriate toolkits: methods and models. This system applies the accumulated knowledge and the experts skills to refer of each homogeneous problem to one or several alternative classes of modelling methods: analytical methods, statistical methods, artificial neuronets, knowledge based systems, fuzzy systems, genetic algorithms. The knowledge base testing has shown sufficiency and consistency of knowledge for realization of the inhomogeneous problems analysis even in conditions with a low and average distortion in the problem descriptions.
THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW
Authors: Leonavičiene T. , Pileckas K.
Published: April 2019

In this note we consider the mathematical model of the isothermal compressible fluid flow in an exterior domain O ⊂ R3. In order to solve this problem we apply a decomposition scheme and reduce the nonlinear problem to an operator equation with a contraction operator. After the decomposition the nonlinear problem splits into three linear problems: Neumann‐like problem, modified Stokes problem and transport equation. These linear problems are solved in weighted function spaces with detached asymptotics.
A revision of Dolichogenidea (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with the second mediotergite broadly rectangular from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Fernandez-Triana Jose , Boudreault Caroline , Dapkey Tanya , Smith M. Alex , Hallwachs Winnie , Janzen Daniel
Published: April 2019

The first species ofDolichogenidea(Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with the second mediotergite broadly quadrate to rectangular are revised, and eight new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), Costa Rica are described, all authored by Fernandez-Triana & Boudreault:alejandromasisi,angelagonzalezae,carlosmanuelrodriguezi,genuarnunezi,josealfredohernandezi,melaniamunozae,rogerblancoi, andyeimycedenoae. A new species group (carlosmanuelrodriguezi) within the genus is proposed to accommodate those species, as well as additional undescribed species from the Neotropical region found in collections. All new species are found in rainforests (120–900 m) and all are parasitoids of Depressariidae (except for one species parasitizing Choreutidae). The unique shape of the second mediotergite and long ovipositor are features shared with thealejandromoraispecies group in the genusApanteles, an example of convergent evolution; both wasp groups also parasitize similar hosts in ACG.
Developing a Critical Stance Through Teacher Candidate Coaching
Authors: Reinhardt Kimberly S.
Published: April 2019

This chapter seeks to illustrate how one field-based professor used her instructional coaching knowledge and applied it in a field-based course to develop reflection and ultimately encourage teacher candidates to challenge themselves and take risks in their clinical placements. It reveals how approaches to teacher candidate coaching differ from traditional instructional coaching, which is focused on student outcomes, and how this coaching encourages teacher candidates to push themselves and think deeply about their emerging practice. Through an analysis of five coaching sessions, the use of effective coaching strategies that foster growth for the candidate were examined. The analysis of coaching as critical pedagogy is important to understand not only how the characteristics of dialogical conversations shape teacher candidates' goal choices, but also to situate the place of skilled feedback in the context of learning to teach.
Critical Thinking
Authors: Thomas Karen S. C.
Published: April 2019

Teaching critical thinking skills to students has become a central focus the language arts classroom. It is therefore important to examine what critical thinking may look like for the language arts teacher: How do language arts teachers come to know and understand? How do language arts teachers engage in critical thinking in order to enhance their pedagogical practices? This chapter examines the ways in which teachers' involvement in developing their critical thinking skills can aid them in establishing their knowledge and understandings. The chapter explores findings from a study that involved teachers in Grades 2 and 4 in the development of a framework for reading instruction in the primary grades. These findings make a case for encouraging teachers to engage in critical thinking in professional learning communities that foster professional development and collaboration in an active and reflective process.
Parallel Applications Mapping onto Network on Chip Based on Heterogeneous MPSoCs Using Hybrid Algorithms
Authors: Belkacemi Dihia , Daoui Mehammed , Bouzefrane Samia , Bouchebaba Youcef
Published: April 2019

Mapping parallel applications onto a network on chip (NoC) that is based on heterogeneous MPSoCs is considered as an instance of an NP-hard and a multi-objective problem. Various multi-objective algorithms have been proposed in the literature to handle this issue. Metaheuristics stand out as highly appropriate approaches to deal with this kind of problem. These metaheuristics are classified into two sets: population-based metaheuristics and single solution-based ones. To take advantage of the both sets, the trend is to use hybrid solutions that have shown to give better results. In this article, the authors propose to hybridize these two metaheuristics sets to find good Pareto mapping solutions to optimize the execution time and the energy consumption simultaneously. The experimental results have shown that the proposed hybrid algorithms give high quality non-dominated mapping solutions in a reasonable runtime.
Aerosol measurements with shipborne sun-sky-lunar photometer and collocated multiwavelength Raman polarization lidar over the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Yin Zhenping , Ansmann Albert , Baars Holger , Martin Radenz , Jimenez Cristofer , Engelmann Ronny , Seifert Patric , Herzog Alina , Ohneiser Kevin , Hanbuch Karsten , Blarel Luc , Goloub Philippe , Dubois Gaël , Victori Stephane , Maupin Fabrice
Published: April 2019

Abstract. A shipborne sun-sky-lunar photometer was tested in two trans-Atlantic cruises aboard the German research vessel Polarstern from 54° N to 54° S. A full diurnal cycle of mixed dust-smoke episode measured with shipborne CE318-T is presented for the first time. Latitudinal distribution of AOD from the shipborne CE318-T, Raman lidar and MICROTOPS II shows the same trend with high values at 0 ~ 20° N dust transported belt and low values at Southern Hemisphere. Coefficient of determination for the linear regression between MICROTOPS II and shipborne sun-sky-lunar photometer was 0.993 for AOD at 500 nm and 0.896 for Ångström exponent at 440–870 nm.
A GPS water vapor tomography method based on a genetic
algorithm
Authors: Yang Fei , Guo Jiming , Shi Junbo , Meng Xiaolin , Zhao Yinzhi , Zhou Lv , Zhang Di
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Water vapor is an important part in the atmosphere, but its spatial and temporal distribution is difficult to detect. Global Positioning System (GPS) water vapor tomography, which can sense three-dimensional water vapor distribution, has been developed as a research point in the fields of GPS meteorology. In this paper, a new water vapor tomography method based on a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to overcome the ill-conditioned problem. By using the proposed approach, it is not necessary to perform the matrix inversion process, and the water vapor tomography is no longer dependent on excessive constraints, priori information and external data, which give rise to many limitations and difficulties. Experiments in Hong Kong under rainy and rainless conditions show a serious ill-conditioned problem in the tomographic matrix by grayscale and condition numbers. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method achieves high levels of agreement and internal/external accuracy with the GAMIT-estimated slant water vapor (SWV) as a reference. Comparative results of water vapor density (WVD) derived from radiosonde data reveal that the tomographic results based on the GA are in good agreement with that of radiosonde measurements. In comparison to the traditional Least squares method, a reliable tomographic result with high accuracy can be achieved by the GA without the restrictions mentioned-above. Furthermore, the tomographic results in a rainless scenario are better than those of a rainy scenario, and the reasons are discussed in detail.
Diurnal regulation of photosynthetic light absorption, electron transport and carbon fixation in two contrasting oceanic environments
Authors: Schuback Nina , Tortell Philippe D.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Understanding the dynamics of marine phytoplankton productivity requires
mechanistic insight into the non-linear coupling of light absorption,
photosynthetic electron transport and carbon fixation in response to
environmental variability. In the present study, we examined the variability
of phytoplankton light absorption characteristics, light-dependent electron
transport and 14C-uptake rates over a 48 h period in the coastal
subarctic north-east (NE) Pacific. We observed an intricately coordinated
response of the different components of the photosynthetic process to diurnal
irradiance cycles, which acted to maximize carbon fixation, while
simultaneously preventing damage by excess absorbed light energy. In
particular, we found diurnal adjustments in pigment ratios, excitation energy
transfer to reaction centre II (RCII), the capacity for non-photochemical
quenching (NPQ), and the light efficiency (α) and maximum rates
(Pmax) of RCII electron transport (ETRRCII) and
14C uptake. Comparison of these results from coastal waters to
previous observations in offshore waters of the subarctic NE Pacific provides
insight into the effects of iron limitation on the optimization of
photosynthesis. Under iron-limited, low-biomass conditions, there was a
significant reduction of iron-rich photosynthetic units per chlorophyll a,
which was partly offset by higher light absorption and electron transport per
photosystem II (PSII). Iron deficiency limited the capacity of phytoplankton
to utilize peak midday irradiance for carbon fixation and caused an
upregulation of photoprotective mechanisms, including NPQ, and the decoupling
of light absorption, electron transport and carbon fixation. Such decoupling
resulted in an increased electron requirement (Φe,C) and
decreased quantum efficiency (ΦC) of carbon fixation at the
iron-limited station. In both coastal and offshore waters,
Φe,C and ΦC correlated strongly to NPQ, albeit
with a significantly different slope. We discuss the implications of our
results for the interpretation of bio-optical data and the parameterization
of numerical productivity models, both of which are vital tools in monitoring
marine photosynthesis over large temporal and spatial scales.
Monitoring ephemeral, intermittent and perennial streamflow: A data set from 182 sites in the Attert catchment, Luxembourg
Authors: Kaplan Nils H. , Sohrt Ernestine , Blume Theresa , Weiler Markus
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The temporal and spatial dynamics of streamflow presence and absence is considered vital information to many hydrological and ecological studies. Measuring the duration of active streamflow and dry periods in the channel allows us to classify the degree of intermittency of streams. We used different sensing techniques including time-lapse imagery, electric conductivity and stage measurements to generate a combined dataset of presence and absence of streamflow within various nested sub-catchments in the Attert Catchment, Luxembourg. The first sites of observation were established in 2013 and successively extended to a total number of 182 in 2016 as part of the project “Catchments As Organized Systems” (CAOS). Temporal resolution ranged from 5 to 15 minutes intervals. Each single dataset was carefully processed and quality controlled before the time interval was homogenised to 30 minutes. The dataset provides valuable information of the dynamics of a meso-scale stream network in space and time. This can be used to test and evaluate hydrologic models, but also for the assessment of the intermittent stream ecosystem in the Attert basin. The dataset presented in this paper is available at the online repository of the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ, https://doi.org/10.5880/FIDGEO.2019.010).
An Improved Bound for Security in an Identity Disclosure Problem
Authors: Ghatak Debolina , Roy Bimal K
Published: April 2019

Identity disclosure of an individual from a released data is a matter of concern especially if it belongs to a category with low frequency in the data-set. Nayak et al. (2016) discussed this problem vividly in a census report and suggested a method of obfuscation, which would ensure that the probability of correctly identifying a unit from released data, would not exceed ξ for some1 3< ξ < 1. However, we observe that for the above method the level of security could be extended under certain conditions. In this paper, we discuss some conditions under which one can achieve a security for any 0 < ξ < 1.
C&RL Spotlight
Authors: Kaspar Wendi
Published: April 2019

My first job as a librarian was for a large software company (which shall remain nameless), working in the research library supporting one of its divisions. Almost all of the questions would come by email (at the risk of dating myself, this was the mid-90s) either directly to me or triaged through a request system. I handled questions about market research, software algorithms, trademarks, and anything else that happened to come up. It was a great place to work—one of those beautiful campuses, where the lounge is stocked with free soft drinks and you can come in when you want because everyone puts in much more than 40 hours a week. I learned a lot at a time when computers were transforming libraries.
Investigation of glucose electro-oxidation on Co and CoB alloy coatings modified with Au nanoparticles
Authors: Upskuvienė Daina , Sukackienė Zita , Balčiūnaitė Aldona , Kepenienė Virginija , Šimkūnaitė Dijana , Šimkūnaitė-Stanynienė Birutė , Vaitkus Rimantas , Tamašauskaitė-Tamašiūnaitė Loreta , Norkus Eugenijus
Published: April 2019

The electrochemical oxidation of glucose was investigated on the Co and CoB alloy coatings, which were deposited on the copper substrate (Cu) and subsequently modified with a small amount of Au nanocrystallites. The catalysts were prepared via a simple electroless Co deposition method followed by a spontaneous Au galvanic displacement from the Au(III)-containing solution. The activity of Co and CoB alloy coatings modified with Au crystallites towards the oxidation of glucose was examined by the cyclic voltammetry method.
It has been determined that the Co and CoB alloy coatings, which were modified with a small amount of Au crystallites, exhibit a significantly higher activity for the oxidation of glucose as compared to that of bare Au, Co and CoB alloy catalysts. The process of glucose oxidation is significantly shifted to a more negative potential domain at the both Co/Cu and CoB/Cu catalysts modified by Au nanocrystallites, indicating the higher activity of those catalysts as compared to that of the unmodified Co/Cu and CoB/Cu catalysts and the bare Au electrode. It was found that ca. 22 and even 67 times higher glucose oxidation current density values have been obtained at the AuCo/Cu and AuCoB/Cu catalysts, respectively, as compared to those for the unmodified CoB/ Cu and Co/Cu.
Composition and morphology of copper bismuth selenide layer on glass prepared by chemical conversion technique
Authors: Osipovaitė Viktorija , Ancutienė Ingrida
Published: April 2019

A copper bismuth selenide layer prepared by the chemical conversion of a copper selenide layer on glass has been studied. SEM images display layers with a nonhomogeneous morphology. The copper selenide layer was non-uniform and consisted of dendrites and particulated agglomerates. The surface of the chemically converted layer was denser and smoother with closely spaced spherical grains. The EDX results reveal that the converted samples are rich in copper and poor in bismuth. The phases of copper selenides in the obtained layer and copper bismuth selenide and hexagonal selenium in the annealed converted layer were detected using the XRD analysis. Copper selenide peaks are most dominant with the hexagonal klockmannite phase.
Philosophy of Economics and Management: Youth Participation in Family Business and National Economy
Authors: Horčičková Zuzana , Stasiulis Nerijus
Published: April 2019

The aim of the present paper is to reconcile a philosophical reflection on the role of the family as a communitarian entity in the business environment based on the individualistic principle and practical research aimed at identifying young people’s attitudes towards their involvement in family business. Respondents of the research were students of the final years of secondary schools, tertiary professional schools and vocational schools in the Liberec Region. The family is treated from the ethical point of view as well as in terms of political and economic philosophy as a suitable environment to shape economic attitudes in young people that are not restricted to a merely ‘economist’ form of rationality and as able to play an important part in a properly working state economy. The practical research shows that a young person’s intention to work in the family business depends on whether they are involved in it already during their studies.
El impacto de la actividad física durante el embarazo en el aumento de peso y los resultados del parto
Authors: Gimunová M. , Zvonař M. , Švancara J. , Kukla L.
Published: April 2019

Introducción: La actividad física regular durante el embarazo se ha asociado previamente con la prevención de complicaciones del parto; sin embargo, la evidencia actual es inconsistente. Por lo tanto, este estudio analiza cómo la actividad física afecta el nacimiento prematuro, puntaje de Apgar en el primer minuto, peso al nacer, inducción del parto, cesárea, uso de analgesia y anestesia, duración de la segunda etapa del parto y aumento de peso durante el embarazo.

Métodos: Participaron en el estudio 2.921 mujeres, seleccionadas del Estudio Longitudinal Europeo de Embarazo e Infancia (ELSPAC), que se inició en la República Checa a principios de la década de 1990. Los datos de actividad física se obtuvieron a través de cuestionarios autoadministrados durante el segundo trimestre del embarazo, mientras que los datos asociados con el parto se obtuvieron a través de cuestionarios administrados por profesionales de la salud. Se utilizó un análisis univariado para evaluar la influencia de la actividad física en las complicaciones del parto. El efecto de la actividad física sobre el aumento de peso durante el embarazo y la duración de la segunda etapa del trabajo de parto se analizaron mediante una prueba de Mann-Whitney y una prueba t de una muestra, respectivamente.

Resultados: Los resultados del parto analizados se encontraron afectados por la edad materna, la masa corporal previa al embarazo y el número de hijos nacidos vivos previos. Ni las actividades físicas particulares ni su volumen influyeron en las complicaciones del parto ni en la duración de la segunda etapa del parto. Sin embargo, se descubrió que las actividades físicas como aeróbicos, keep fit ejercicio, nadar, entrenar con pesas y andar en bicicleta afectan el aumento de peso durante el embarazo. Además, el 34.9% de las mujeres embarazadas analizadas no alcanzaron la actividad física mínima recomendada.

Conclusiones: La actividad física entre las mujeres embarazadas se ha establecido como beneficiosa; este estudio también confirma que las recomendaciones actuales de actividad física para mujeres embarazadas sanas no tienen efectos negativos en el parto ni en el bebé nonato.