bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Montenegrin 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Masanovic Bojan , Gardasevic Jovan , Banjevic Boris , Petrovic Miloš , Popovic Stevo
Published: November 2024

Background: The main purpose of this study was to summarize the results of the Montenegrin 2022 Report Card on physical activity (PA) for children and youth, which is used to identify and grade PA to help optimize the current situation and provide an improved basis for the creation of a future monitoring system. Methods: Following the methodology established by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance, the Montenegrin team conducted an assessment of PA of Montenegrin children and youth through 12 separate indicators. Grades were awarded based on data found in available articles published up to 2022, including the grey literature, such as government and nongovernment reports, and online content from the same period. Results: Based on the results synthesized from the available data, B was the average rating for all indicators. Individual indicators varied. Six indicators were rated above average, 3 grade A, and 3 grade B. Six were rated slightly lower, 5 in the range of grade C, and 1 in the range of grade D. Conclusions: Physical fitness, organized sport and PA, community and environment, government, overall PA, and active transportation are indicators with lower ratings than the others; therefore, they should be given the most attention in the future as it is clear they can be improved.
Are Experiences of Discrimination Associated With Views of Physical Activity and Climate Policy Support in Canada?
Authors: Lee Eun-Young , Khan Asaduzzuman , Vanderloo Leigh M. , Ferguson Leah J. , O’Reilly Norman , Rhodes Ryan E. , Spence John C. , Tremblay Mark S. , Faulkner Guy
Published: November 2024

Background: Social climate refers to the general feelings, norms, and opinions in a society and may be affected by experiences of discrimination. This study examined whether experiences of discrimination are associated with the social climate of physical (in)activity and support for policies addressing dual benefits of physical activity (PA) and climate change. Methods: Data from the 2023 Social Climate Survey were used (n = 1950; ≥18 y). Adherence to PA guidelines, perceived importance of PA, social norms, and support for 8 policy actions addressing dual benefits were each regressed on experiences of discrimination. Results: Experiencing discrimination was not associated with the importance of PA, causal attribution of physical inactivity (individual vs external), adherence to PA guidelines, or policy support addressing PA and climate change. However, experiencing discrimination was associated with social norms that are favorable to PA: seeing children playing actively outdoors (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.06), perceiving that half of people their age meeting PA guidelines (OR: 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.06), agreeing with societal disapproval of physical inactivity (OR: 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.06), and having important people (eg, family/friends) meeting PA guidelines (OR: 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08–1.12). Conclusions: Unlike structural discrimination, interpersonal experiences of discrimination may not shape the perceived importance of and engagement in PA. However, experiencing discrimination may be associated with an individual’s perceptions of their social environment, including how they observe and interpret the behaviors of others within their community. Generally strong support for policies addressing dual benefits, regardless of experiences with discrimination, aligns well with the planetary health agenda.
Hadron-ion collisions in Pythia and the vector-meson dominance model for photoproduction
Authors: Helenius Ilkka , Utheim Marius
Published: November 2024

We present an extension to the Pythia Monte Carlo event generator that enables simulations of collisions between a generic hadron beam on a nuclear target with energy variation in event-by-event basis. This builds upon Pythia ’s module for heavy ions, Angantyr, as well as previous work on simulating hadron-proton collisions. As such, the extensions in this work are largely technical, except for a rudimentary model for hadronic fluctuations. With hadron-ion simulations, we implement an explicit vector-meson dominance (VMD) model that can be used to simulate interactions of hadronic component of real photons in photo-nuclear collisions. Such processes can be studied in ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions and in the future also with the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider. Our work also has applications to hadronic showers, e.g. air showers initiated by high-energy cosmic rays. We first validate the VMD model by comparing to HERA photoproduction data on proton target. Then we apply this to generate events for ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions at the LHC and present the results corresponding to the event-selection criteria matching to a recent ATLAS analysis. We find that single-particle multiplicity and rapidity distributions are well in line with the measured ones. We also construct the Fourier coefficients from two-particle correlations for the simulated events and study whether the resulting azimuthal anisotropies are consistent with the ATLAS results.
Suppressing cascading failures on multiplex networks with flow by reinforcing critical edges
Authors: Pei Jianxin , Liu Ying , Wang Jianbo , Wang Wei
Published: November 2024

Understanding the robustness of networks is a key step to design stable networked systems and protect them from being collapsed under small initial failures. In a two-layer multiplex network with flow, where physical quantities such as traffic flow or electricity move, a global cascading failure may be triggered out when edges in one layer fail and their loads are redistributed within the layer and to the other layer. Here we propose an edge pressure index to identify the critical edges which are the most likely to initiate a cascading failure in the network with flow. By reinforcing the critical edges, the robustness of the multiplex networks can be significantly enhanced. Based on large simulations on both synthetic networks and real-world networks, we find that protecting critical edges identified by the edge pressure index outperforms protecting edges with the highest betweenness centrality and the randomly selected edges in enhancing the robustness of the network. Furthermore, preventing the initial cascading failures between layers is critical to reduce the cascading failure size, which is due to the accumulative effects of redistributed loads. When the layer under initial attack is a heterogeneous BA network, which is more robust under flow redistribution, the entire system is more robust because the edge failures in the BA network create less intra- and inter-layer load redistribution.
Lagrangian formalism in the theory of relativistic vector fields
Authors: Fedosin Sergey G.
Published: November 2024

The Lagrangian formalism is used to derive covariant equations that are suitable for use in continuously distributed matter in curved spacetime. Special attention is given to theoretical representation, in which the Lagrangian and its derivatives are directly involved. The obtained results, including equations for metric, equations of motion, and equations for fields, are applied to purely vector fields. As a consequence, formulas are determined for calculating the basic quantities necessary to describe physical systems. In this case, not only the pressure field and acceleration field are taken into account, but also the electromagnetic and gravitational fields outside the matter, which contribute to the four-momentum and to the four-dimensional angular momentum pseudotensor of each system. Each of the presented fields, including the gravitational field, has its own four-potential and its own tensor, which allows all calculations to be performed in a covariant way. In particular, when applying the principle of least action, the optimal approach is one in which the four-currents, field four-potentials and metric tensor depend on the observation point and vary independently from each other. In addition to the Euler–Lagrange equation, another equation of motion is derived containing the density of generalized four-force and the time derivative of the volume density of the generalized four-momentum. In order to uniquely calibrate the energy, which is a scalar quantity, the cosmological constant included in the Lagrangian is used. This leads to the fact that both the scalar curvature and the cosmological constant disappear in expression for the four-momentum of the system. In addition, the equation for the metric is simplified. The peculiarity of the equation for the metric is that the total stress-energy tensor of the physical system, presented in the right part of the equation for the metric, is associated only with field tensors and does not depend on particle four-velocities. Moreover, the trace of stress-energy tensor is zero. To calculate the stress-energy tensor, the functional derivative of Lagrangian density with respect to the metric tensor is used. The covariant derivative of stress-energy tensor leads to the equation of particle motion under the action of fields, and to the generalized Poynting theorem. The contractions of the field tensors with the Ricci tensor are equal to zero, so that each field makes its own contribution to the curvature of spacetime in the system. The inertial mass of a system is defined as the value connecting the four-momentum and four-velocity of the center of momentum of the system, and can be calculated using the square of the four-momentum. It is shown that the canonical representation of the angular momentum pseudotensor is its representation with covariant indices. The radius-vector of the center of momentum of a physical system is determined in covariant form.
Design and Optimization of FOPID Controller for Precise Power Head Control in Reverse Drilling Rigs Using Gray Wolf Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jun , Guo Jiahua , Li Ruibin , Fu Jiaxing
Published: November 2024

Reverse well drilling rig is an important support for realizing deep mineral resource extraction, and the precise control law of its power head is crucial for improving drilling efficiency and reducing safety accidents. In challenging environments and varying rock strata distributions at different well depths, Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is used to control the power head of the reverse drilling rig, despite the simple control, flexible and convenient adjustment, but due to the fact that there are only three parameters regulated by the PID controller, the control is not precise enough and the adjustment accuracy is not high enough, Overcoming the drawbacks of PID control technology at a fundamental level can be an extremely challenging task, which results in the failure of real-time feedback and precise control of the power head of the reverse drilling rig and precise control. The research is based on the theory of wellbore engineering machinery, fractionalorder control technology and intelligent optimization algorithm. Using a combination of physical modeling, mathematical modeling and simulation test analysis, the intelligent optimization algorithm (Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO)) is used to parameterize the fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller and apply it to the rotational speed control of power head. The energy conservation relationship is coupled to the kinetic mathematical model of the power head. Laplace transform analysis is utilized to derive the integer-order mathematical transfer function linking the power head speed and the electric displacement signal. The fractional-order mathematical transfer function is subsequently determined using the least square method. With the help of MATLAB-Simulink software, build a model of electro-hydraulic proportional control system for countershaft drilling rigs, adopt six intelligent optimization algorithms to adjust the parametric fractional-order controller, and examine the impact of step disturbances on various control combination methods of electro-hydraulically coupled power head and countershaft drilling rig motors through the three dynamic indexes of standard variance, overshooting amount and stabilization time. Bode and Nyquist plots are used to determine that the system has good stability and robustness with a controller. The simulation analysis confirms the reasonableness and accuracy of the gray wolf algorithm (GWO) for adjusting the FOPID parameters, and the joint simulation with the help of AMEsim and Simulink software verifies the stability and timeliness of the variable pump’s response, and at the same time confirms that the control method of the gray wolf algorithm (GWO) has a very good control effect. This research establishes a solid theoretical groundwork for controlling the power head with precision and the development of wellbore engineering. It also serves as a guide for creating motion control methods for large mechanical equipment.
Constraints on cosmological models with gamma-ray bursts in cosmology-independent way
Authors: Xie Hanbei , Nong Xiaodong , Wang Huifeng , Zhang Bin , Li Zihao , Liang Nan
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we present a cosmology-independent method to constrain cosmological models from the latest 221 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) sample, including 49 GRBs from Fermi catalog with the Amati relation (the [Formula: see text] correlation), which are calibrated by using a Gaussian process from the Pantheon+ type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) sample. With 182 GRBs at [Formula: see text] in the Hubble diagram and the latest observational Hubble data (OHD) by the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, we obtained [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the flat [Formula: see text]CDM model and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for the flat wCDM model. These results are consistent with those in which the coefficients of the Amati relation and the cosmological parameters fitted simultaneously.
Gravitational instability in a baryonic-dark matter system with two different distribution functions and collisional effects
Authors: Khosravi A.
Published: November 2024

In this study, we explore the gravitational instability in baryonic-dark matter systems using kinetic theory. We investigate whether the differences in the velocity distribution function for baryonic matter and dark matter affect the instability analysis. Our findings reveal that the dissimilarity in velocity distribution function can affect on the growth rate and the critical wave number of the instability. Our studied system has more stability than baryonic-dark matter system with Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. However, it is more unstable than a system with a Tsallis distribution function for dark and baryonic matter. Furthermore, we examined the effect of collisions in a simplified manner. By solving the collisional Boltzmann equation using the relaxation time approximation (or Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook operator), we found that collision effects can decrease both the instability growth rate and the critical wave number of instability, depending on the ratio of collisional time to free fall time ([Formula: see text]). These results are applicable for analyzing the nonextensivity of self-gravitating systems and self-gravitating gaseous dynamical systems.
Tetraneutron resonance and its isospin analogues
Authors: Shirokov A. M. , Mazur A. I. , Mazur I. A. , Kulikov V. A.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we discuss isospin analogues of the tetraneutron resonance and their possible manifestations in nuclear structure and reactions.
Study of system-size dependence on the production and suppression of bottomonium states in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Aljuhani Eman , Abdulsalam Abdulla , Alnahdi Radiya , Mujahid Mohammad , Donya Hossam
Published: November 2024

In relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions (HIC), scientists have discussed the bottomonium dissociation and survival to gain insights about the characteristics of Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). The Boltzmann transport equation is commonly employed to explore the interaction between dissociation and recombination rates in QGP, where the processes of formation and dissociation exhibit competing dynamics. However, the Boltzmann equation does not account for the dissociation of new bound states created in QGP medium. To overcome this restriction, a system of independent rates has been developed. This approach assesses the combined effects of gluon-induced dissociation, recombination (although minor for the [Formula: see text] states), and color screening on the generation of bottomonium in HIC. The investigation includes PbPb and XeXe collisions at center-of-mass energies [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV and [Formula: see text] TeV, respectively. Recombination rates are computed employing the efficient Bateman solution technique, ensuring a comprehensive examination of the interaction between the recombination and dissociation within the QGP, along with the limitations associated with PbPb and XeXe collision kinetics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The model has demonstrated considerable success in accurately describing the suppression of [Formula: see text] states across collision systems of different sizes.
Global Visualization and Contemporary Movements of Smart Home Devices: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Singh Seema , Aggarwal Neha , Dabas Devika , Prince
Published: November 2024

Smart home devices are a crucial part of the Internet of Things (IoT) industry and offer advantages such as comfort and energy efficiency which can be utilized to improve well-being in home environments. These devices include smart meters, smart watches, remote-controlled lighting, heating and water consumption systems, security systems, home ventilation, door locks, smart TVs, smart speakers, refrigerators, and smart washing machines. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of published scholarly research papers in the Scopus database from 2000 to 2023. VOSviewer and Biblioshiny R software were employed to map and visualize the documents. The findings reveal that, on a global scale, research on smart home devices has proliferated since 2013, with the USA emerging as a prominent world leader in both publications and citations. Developing domains of expertise in smart home devices include machine learning, deep learning, ambient intelligence, and intelligent sensors.
Family of Yang–Yu 𝕎-functions associated with fractional kinetic equations
Authors: Kritika K. , Purohit S. D. , Jan Rashid
Published: November 2024

The objective of this work is to derive a generalized fractional kinetic equation in terms of a new generalized hypergeometirc function: Yang–Yu [Formula: see text]-function. Recently, a number of researchers have worked to develop solutions of generalized fractional kinetic equations in terms of Mittag-Leffler functions. Here, we developed the solution of fractional kinetic equation with the help of Laplace transform in terms of the Yang–Yu [Formula: see text]-function and the incomplete function family of it. Subsequently, we showcase some intriguing results of the main findings by specializing the Yang–Yu [Formula: see text]-function and incomplete [Formula: see text]-functions parameters into more straightforward special functions.
On the absence of weak solutions for a sequential time-fractional Klein–Gordon equation with quadratic nonlinearity
Authors: Agarwal Praveen , Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem
Published: November 2024

The Klein–Gordon equation with quadratic nonlinearity is frequently used to model various problems of physics. On the other hand, it was shown that in many situations, the use of fractional derivatives instead of ordinary derivatives provides more realistic models. In this work, a one-dimensional sequential time-fractional Klein–Gordon equation posed on a bounded interval, subject to certain initial and boundary conditions, is investigated. The fractional derivatives are considered in the Caputo sense and a weight function [Formula: see text] is allowed in front of the quadratic nonlinearity. Namely, we first establish general sufficient conditions for the nonexistence of solutions. Next, some particular cases of weight functions [Formula: see text] are discussed. In our approach, we make use of the test function method. This method requires an appropriate choice of a family of test functions. In this paper, we make a judicious choice of test functions taking into consideration the nonlocal property of the Caputo fractional derivative, the initial and boundary conditions, and the geometry of the domain.
Barrow holographic dark energy with Granda–Oliveros cut-off in Chern–Simons gravity
Authors: Dubey Vipin Chandra
Published: November 2024

This study is dedicated to the dynamic exploration of Barrow holographic dark energy (BHDE) inflation within the Granda–Oliveros (GO) cut-off framework. The investigation employs the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) cosmological model and takes place within the context of the Chern–Simons (CS) model of modified gravity (MG) theory. The aim of this analysis is to apply Hubble parameter and observational data from the Pantheon sample of Supernovae (SNIa) in conjunction with the most recent cosmic chronometer dataset to derive constraints on the BHDE scenario. We employ Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis to utilize the most recent cosmological data to constrain its parameters. Thus, we use the dark energy density parameter, deceleration parameter (DP) and equation of state (EoS) parameter to study cosmic evolution. The transition from decelerated to accelerated expanding phase for the BHDE universe is explained through dynamical behavior of DP. The evolutionary trajectories of [Formula: see text] plain are examined. Additionally, we use the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) for model selection, and we compare our model to the [Formula: see text]CDM model, which serves as our reference.
Machine learning investigation through Python for thermophoretic deposition with radiation on thermal mass transfer of trihybrid nanofluid across sharp dynamics
Authors: Qureshi Hamid , Shah Zahoor , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Khan Waqar Azeem , Elmasry Yasser
Published: November 2024

This research work employs a machine learning approach with Python to analyze the complex relation of thermophoretic deposition and radiation effect on the mass and heat transfer of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over the wedge. The colloidal comprising [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and ZnO with Engine Oil and Water in equal proportion as a base fluid, is considered here, due to the potential enhancer of thermal performance in numerous applications. The governing PDEs for flow rate, heat and mass transfer are transformed into a system of ODEs and numerical dataset generated by Python for stochastic evaluation through Matlab Neural Network assisted by Levenberg Marquardt Machine Learning Algorithm to extract intricate patterns and comparison between numerical and stochastic simulations. The impact of influencing parameters such as volume fraction, wedge angles, Eckert ratio and Radiation coefficients are analyzed. The outcomes of this research shed light on the synergetic effects of thermophoretic deposition and radiation on the thermal mass exchange of tri-nanohybrid fluid across the sharp edge of the device. This machine learning artificial intelligence (AI) tool is cost-effective and far better than deterministic numerical outputs as compared with analytical evaluations. A detailed graphical representation is embedded in this paper for comparisons and error analysis. Influencing parameters are analyzed for temperature, velocity and concentration profiles. Moreover, engineering parameters are also evaluated and plotted against the infecting agents. Graphical analysis of Nusselt, Sherwood and Skin friction coefficients added for broad spectrum comparison and comprehensive analysis for the significant implementation of the present discussion at the industrial level, for the benefit of production units, heavy industry and energy management systems in numerous fields.
Uniform distribution of polynomially-defined additive functions to varying moduli
Authors: Akande Agbolade
Published: November 2024

There have been results on uniform distribution modulo 1 of sequences of the form [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is an arithmetic function and [Formula: see text] is an irrational number. For example, [Formula: see text] (Bohl, Sierpiński and Weyl) and [Formula: see text] (Erdős and Delange) have been shown to be uniformly distributed modulo 1 for all irrational numbers [Formula: see text]. De Koninck and Kátai have shown that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are uniformly distributed modulo 1 for a subset of irrational numbers [Formula: see text]. In this article, we will extend their result by showing that the sequences [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are uniformly distributed modulo 1 when [Formula: see text] is a non-Liouville number. The proof will use Weyl’s criterion, upper bounds of exponential functions established by Vinogradov and Vaughan, and the notion of a thin set established by Pollack and Vandehey. There are two corollaries that arise from the result of this article: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are strong Benford sequences for all non-Liouville numbers [Formula: see text], and the sequences [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are uniformly distributed modulo 1 for all non-Liouville numbers [Formula: see text] and additive function [Formula: see text].
Conductors of twisted Weil–Deligne representations
Authors: Bisatt Matthew , Paterson Ross
Published: November 2024

We study the behavior of conductors of [Formula: see text]-functions associated to certain Weil–Deligne representations under twisting. For each global field [Formula: see text] we prove a sharp upper bound for the conductor of the Rankin–Selberg [Formula: see text]-function [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] are abelian varieties.
Strong domatic number of a graph
Authors: Ghanbari Nima , Alikhani Saeid
Published: November 2024

A set [Formula: see text] of vertices of a simple graph [Formula: see text] is a strong dominating set, if for every vertex [Formula: see text] there is a vertex [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The strong domination number [Formula: see text] is defined as the minimum cardinality of a strong dominating set. The strong domatic number [Formula: see text] is the maximum number of strong dominating sets into which the vertex set of [Formula: see text] can be partitioned. We initiate the study of the strong domatic number, and we present different sharp bounds on [Formula: see text]. In addition, we determine this parameter for some classes of graphs such as cubic graphs of order at most 10.
An Approach for Breast Cancer X-Ray Images Classification Based on Vision Transformer
Authors: Luong Huong Hoang , Pham Kiet Tuan , Le Dat Thanh , Thanh Danh Le Pham , Hai Long Le Hoang , Nguyen Hoang Nhat , Thai-Nghe Nguyen , Nguyen Hai Thanh
Published: November 2024

Today, due to the problem of environmental pollution, water, and other factors have caused many dangerous diseases, including cancer. According to recent statistics, breast cancer is one of the leading diseases in women, and this disease tends to increase more and more. To detect and diagnose the disease, doctors perform many examinations: self-examination, clinical examination, X-ray, ultrasound screening, etc., in which X-ray is a highly effective method. This study proposes an approach to detecting and classifying breast cancer on an X-ray dataset using a refined Vision Transformer (ViT), ViT-B32. The considered dataset contains about 7000 X-ray images from patients aged 27 to 90, labeled as malignant, benign, or normal. As presented in scenarios, the study yielded positive results, with 91% to 94% in ACC and F1-score metrics. Furthermore, it has shown that the results obtained for breast cancer detection on X-ray images using the fine-tuned ViT architecture outperformed CNN models such as VGG16, MobileNet, Xception, ResNet50, and some state-of-the-art approaches.
Enhancing Student Learning Activities Through Interactive Learning Design in Basic Physics I
Authors: Tumangkeng Jeane Verra , Muya Angelika Birene
Published: November 2024

Science is a systematic method for understanding nature, encompassing facts, concepts and principles, as well as the process of discovery through observation and experimentation. In physics education, it is crucial to provide students with opportunities to observe and experience the scientific process, both in laboratories and in natural settings. Contextual learning, employing an interactive approach bridging theory and practice, helps students grasp concepts more effectively. This research was conducted at Universitas Negeri Manado using experimental methods, employing a pre-test and post-test design to evaluate basic physics learning through a modified jigsaw method. The findings indicate a significant improvement in student learning outcomes following the implementation of an integrated instructional design combining practical activities with natural contexts. Pre-test and post-test data were analyzed using tests for normality and [Formula: see text]-tests, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method in enhancing mastery of physics concepts. In conclusion, integrating practical activities and natural contexts in learning can enhance student outcomes in basic physics courses.
A Passion for Small Things and Staying Primed: My Career in Virology and Immunology
Authors: Saif Linda J.
Published: November 2024

A love of science and animals, perseverance, and happenstance propelled my career in veterinary virology and immunology. I have focused on deadly enteric and respiratory viral infections in neonatal livestock and humans with an aim to understand their prevalence, pathogenesis, interspecies transmission, and immunity and develop vaccines. Research on animal coronaviruses (CoVs), including their broad interspecies transmission, provided a foundation to understand emerging zoonotic fatal human respiratory CoVs [severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)] and reverse zoonosis of SARS-CoV-2 to animals. A highlight of my early research was the discovery of the gut–mammary gland–sIgA axis, documenting a common mucosal immune system. The latter remains pivotal to designing maternal vaccines for passive immunity in neonates. Our discovery and innovative cell propagation of fastidious human and animal rotaviruses and caliciviruses and their infectivity in germ-free animals has provided cell-adapted and animal disease models for ongoing virologic and immunologic investigations and vaccines. Nevertheless, besides the research discoveries, my lasting legacy remains the outstanding mentees who have enriched my science and my life.
The Geometric Framework for Nutrition and Its Application to Rodent Models
Authors: Senior Alistair M. , Raubenheimer David , Couteur David G. Le , Simpson Stephen J.
Published: November 2024

Rodents have been the primary model for mammalian nutritional physiology for decades. Despite an extensive body of literature, controversies remain around the effects of specific nutrients and total energy intake on several aspects of nutritional biology, even in this well-studied model. One approach that is helping to bring clarity to the field is the geometric framework for nutrition (GFN). The GFN is a multidimensional paradigm that can be used to conceptualize nutrition and nutritional effects, design experiments, and interpret results. To date, more than 30 publications have applied the GFN to data from rodent models of nutrition. Here we review the major conclusions from these studies. We pay particular attention to the effects of macronutrients on satiety, glucose metabolism, lifespan and the biology of aging, reproductive function, immune function, and the microbiome. We finish by highlighting several knowledge gaps that became evident upon reviewing this literature.
A Review of Reinforcement Learning in Financial Applications
Authors: Bai Yahui , Gao Yuhe , Wan Runzhe , Zhang Sheng , Song Rui
Published: November 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing trend of applying reinforcement learning (RL) in financial applications. This approach has shown great potential for decision-making tasks in finance. In this review, we present a comprehensive study of the applications of RL in finance and conduct a series of meta-analyses to investigate the common themes in the literature, such as the factors that most significantly affect RL's performance compared with traditional methods. Moreover, we identify challenges, including explainability, Markov decision process modeling, and robustness, that hinder the broader utilization of RL in the financial industry and discuss recent advancements in overcoming these challenges. Finally, we propose future research directions, such as benchmarking, contextual RL, multi-agent RL, and model-based RL to address these challenges and to further enhance the implementation of RL in finance.
Performance Study and Formulation Optimization of Rapid‐Curing Local Insulating Spray Coating Materials
Authors: Wang Chengzhi , Yang Long , Ning Xiao , Xiao Junchao , Tang Li , Xie Xueping , Lu Qi
Published: November 2024

With the increasing incidence of bird damage affecting the reliability of transmission lines, addressing bird pest control has become an important task for the operation and maintenance of transmission lines. A viable solution involves the application of spray‐coated polyurea elastomer composite materials to insulate exposed conductive points and weakly insulated connection parts of transmission line towers. To improve the comprehensive performance of polyurea elastomers, in this study, a polyurea curing system was modified by incorporating aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and (boron nitride) BN nanoparticles. An orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate the influence of different fillers on the comprehensive performance of polyurea elastomers. These nanoparticles partially filled the defects inherent in the polyurea and BN microparticles, improving the alternating current (AC) breakdown strength of these elastomers. Compared with filler‐free polyurea elastomers, optimal performance of the polyurea elastomers was achieved when using 5 wt% Al2O3, 0.4 wt% SiO2, and 5 wt% BN, resulting in a 15.75% increase in the AC breakdown strength and a 10.00% enhancement in the thermal conductivity.
Influence of Ceramic Material Type and Cement Shade on the Translucency of Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Veneers
Authors: Malallah Ali Dhahee , Hasan Nadia H. , Qasim Mohammed Hazim
Published: November 2024

Aims: Careful selection of materials and resin cement shade can minimize color changes in laminate veneers. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of two ceramic material types, lithium disilicate glass–ceramic material (Ivoclar, Schaan/Liechtenstein; IPS e.max), computer aided design (CAD) and IPS e.max Press, and four different resin cement shades on color changes in lithium disilicate ceramic laminate veneers.

Methods: Forty extracted human maxillary first premolars were prepared to receive a laminate veneer. Optical scanning and digital designing were used to prepare 20 IPS e.max CAD and 20 IPS e.max Press veneer samples. These samples were divided into four groups based on resin cement shade and material: Group CAD A1 : (IPS e.max CAD with A1 cement shade), Group CAD T : (IPS e.max CAD with translucent cement shade), Group CAD M : (IPS e.max CAD with milky bright cement shade), Group CAD B1 : (IPS e.max CAD with B1 cement shade) and the same divisions for IPS e.max Press. Before cementation, color measurements were obtained using precision colorimeter NR110. After cementation, the ∆E (color change) value was recorded and tabulated. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s post hoc test were used to evaluate the influence of ceramic material types and cement shade on ∆E.

Results: There were significant differences between the IPS e.max CAD and e.max Press veneers for the four tested cement shades. The highest color change was observed in press M veneers (8.84 ± 0.63931) while the lowest color change was observed in CAD M veneers (0.5 ± 0.16371). There were significant differences in color change based on cement shade, with B1 showing the greatest change (8.84 ± 0.47440 for Press veneers and 2.3 ± 0.11992 for CAD veneers).

Conclusions: Different shades of resin cements and different manufacturing techniques produce different levels of color changes therefore careful selection of materials and cement shade can minimize color changes in laminate veneers.
Barriers and Opportunities in Accessing Social Care for Women Experiencing Homelessness: A Systematic Integrative Review
Authors: Galán-Sanantonio Alba , Botija Mercedes
Published: November 2024

Women experiencing homelessness may face heightened vulnerabilities and encounter barriers to accessing social services, which could perpetuate their situation and exacerbate the impact on their physical and mental health. This research aims to identify barriers and opportunities for women experiencing homelessness to access social care services based on a systematic integrative literature review. The inclusion criteria encompassed scientific articles and gray literature, focusing on studies of the access to social care services for women experiencing homelessness. English and Spanish documents from the past 20 years were considered, excluding publications lacking full‐text access. The search was conducted until April 30, 2024, across 6 databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, Social Services Abstracts, Sociology, and Cochrane. Article quality was assessed before inclusion to mitigate bias. Data analysis employed a narrative approach using categories and subcategories. Thirty‐eight publications were included, consisting of 36 articles and 2 theses. These publications predominantly relied on qualitative methods. Two main areas and eight categories emerged, covering structural, institutional, social, and personal barriers and opportunities, with 36 subcategories identified. Study limitations include a predominance of women in the study sample who had access to social care services, making it hard to include those experiencing hidden homelessness. Nonetheless, the research underscores the significance of gender‐specific barriers and opportunities in access to social care. The need for gender‐sensitive and intersectional policies is emphasized, as well as professional practices and training, to enhance the well‐being of women experiencing homelessness and improve their access to services.
Synergistic Impacts of Wheat Straw on Coal Bio‐Methanation: Insights Into Microbial Community Dynamics Toward Nontargeted Metabolomics
Authors: Khan Sohail , Deng Ze , Phulpoto Irfan Ali , Jalil Anam , Wang Bobo , Yu Zhisheng
Published: November 2024

Biogenic methane (BM) production from coal is quite limited due to its complex chemical nature, which makes the responsible microbes sensitive to its denaturation. In the current investigation, wheat straw (WS) at different concentrations as a cosubstrate were used with coal to augment methane generation from coal. Results revealed that the codigestion approach significantly enhanced the cumulative methane generation in CS1 (17.25 mmol) (coal:straw, 75:25), which was 59.52%–256.47% higher than the CS2 (coal:straw, 85:15), and WS single digestion, respectively. Moreover, the lowest methane yield (0.295 mmol/g) was achieved from single coal digestion. Particularly, the highest methane content, 68.37% in the collected biogas, was observed in CS1, followed by CS2 (49.53%), WS (44.92%), and coal (3.53%). Microbial community analysis illustrates that Methanobacteriaceae (51.33%) and Methanosarcinaceae (48.66%) were the leading archaeal communities at the peak methanogenic stage in CS1. While the abundant bacteria at this stage were Hungateiclostridiaceae (40.18%), Rhodobacteriaceae (21.40%), and Lentimicrobiaceae (19.20%) in CS1. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, several microbes were seen to be attached to the coal surface in CS1 and CS2. Moreover, the nontargeted metabolomic results showed that aromatics, aliphatic, long‐chain fatty acids, and alkane (C19–C36) compounds were found to be highly expressed in only coal, CS1, and CS2 reactors compared to WS. In addition, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) analysis showed that acetic acids were abundantly present in CS1 (2,190,175 ng/ml), followed by WS (1,543,492.88 ng/ml), CS2 (1,159,050 ng/ml), and coal (50,998.31 ng/ml). These results promote the significance of using WS as a cosubstrate with coal to enhance methane production, which can be used as a fuel in power plants. Further studies are required to investigate the potential cosubstrate with coal to enhance methane production and identify the specific metabolic pathways involved.
Effects of a Dietary Multienzyme Extract on Isotope Biokinetics in Red Claw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus Juveniles
Authors: García Martínez Emily Sol , Fernández-Giménez Analía Verónica , López Greco Laura Susana , Planas Miquel
Published: November 2024

Understanding the nutritional and metabolic physiology of aquatic organisms is essential for optimizing aquaculture practices and informing ecological models. We investigated the influence of dietary composition, specifically the incorporation of multienzyme extract derived from Pleoticus muelleri waste, on the growth and metabolic processes of juvenile Cherax quadricarinatus. We investigated how these dietary changes influence dietary assimilation and tissue turnover using stable isotope δ13C and δ15N dynamics, in both the pleon muscle and hepatopancreas. Juvenile crayfish were subjected to two isocaloric diets for a 90‐day period: a control diet (diet C) and a diet supplemented with a multienzyme extract (diet E) from red shrimp waste. Despite comparable growth rates, isotopic analysis (δ13C and δ15N) of the pleon muscle and hepatopancreas revealed distinct metabolic patterns between both dietary treatments. The hepatopancreas exhibited accelerated isotopic turnover relative to muscle tissue, irrespective of diet, suggesting a more dynamic metabolic role. Diet E further accelerated turnover rates in both tissues, indicative of enhanced nutrient assimilation and utilization. Consistent isotopic disparities between the hepatopancreas and muscle tissues highlighted tissue‐specific metabolic functions, with the hepatopancreas serving as a metabolic hub. Molting‐induced shifts in isotopic patterns underscored the dynamic interplay between metabolic processes and nutrient mobilization. Isotopic equilibrium was reached earlier for δ13C than δ15N, with lower discrimination factors in the hepatopancreas. While δ13C primarily supported metabolic processes, δ15N contributed substantially to growth, especially in muscle. These findings illuminate the complex interplay of dietary composition, isotopic fractionation, and physiological regulation in C. quadricarinatus. The metabolic enhancements induced by the diet supplemented with the extract warrant further investigation to optimize nutrient utilization and growth performance in aquaculture settings.
Enrichment of Bread With Green Pumpkin, Watermelon and Cucumber Peels: Physicochemical, Pasting, Rheological, Antioxidant and Organoleptic Properties
Authors: Aljobair Moneera O.
Published: November 2024

Sustainable food production through harnessing the potential of phenolic‐rich vegetable by‐products is crucial to ensuring food security. Thus, the current work signifies the impact of vegetable peel powder (VPP) substitution (3%, 5%, and 10%) on the physico‐functional, pasting, gel texture, dough rheology, antioxidant and sensory properties of panned wheat bread. The VPP’s existence elevated the oil and water holding capacities (OHCs and WHCs) of the composite flour. The pasting properties, such as final and peak viscosities (cp) and pasting temperature (°C), were significantly debilitated (p < 0.05) with the substitution of VPP. Moreover, the composite flour gels showed reduced hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and gumminess. The micro‐doughLab data showed that the dough showed elevated dough development time and water absorption, greater softening and lower stability with enlarged VPP substitution. The final baked bread obtained a lower volume, a lower specific volume and a darker crust and crumb, whereas lipids, proteins and minerals were magnified by the increased substitution of VPP. An impressive increase in total phenolic content was noticed with a marginal surge in flavonoids; however, antioxidant activity was amplified significantly (p < 0.05) for the extract of VPP‐containing bread. Although the bread substituted with VPP remained less accepted by sensory analysis for its colour, taste, flavour, texture and overall acceptability, it could be a potential source of fibres, minerals and other beneficial bioactive components that would enhance the consumer’s life quality and health.
Industry Readiness and Adaptation of Fourth Industrial Revolution: Applying the Extended TOE Framework
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammad Rakibul Islam
Published: November 2024

The research aspired to determine the effecting determinants of the implementation of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies in the manufacturing industry, examining how 4IR readiness (R) acts as a mediator to facilitate the process of 4IR adaptation (ADP) in Bangladesh. Employing the extended technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework, the research method integrated both quantitative approaches and structured surveys using random sampling approaches to explore the specific determinants that influence the adoption of 4IR technologies. A total of 500 organizations were approached with an online questionnaire, yielding 370 completed responses, a response rate of 74%. After ensuring the reliability and validity of the findings, the structural equation model was analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 and SPSS 29 with structural equation modeling (SEM). A statistically significant positive correlation was observed among technology readiness (TR), government support (GS), and technology innovation decision‐making (TIDM) on 4IR R, as well as 4IR R on 4IR ADP based on the findings. Practical implications were discussed with a focus on strategic recommendations for policymakers and industry leaders to enhance the structural and supportive infrastructure necessary for 4IR integration. To extend the R and flexibility of the manufacturing sector in anticipation of the 4IR, policymakers must urgently contemplate the expansion of government aid and the formation of expert consulting groups. The originality of this study applied in its ADP of the TOE framework to the context of a developing country, specifically targeting the R factors that facilitate technological ADP in Bangladesh. Unlike traditional models that focus solely on technological adoption, this extended model integrates organizational and environmental factors, offering a comprehensive view of industry R. The findings highlighted the significant positive correlations between technology infrastructure R, governmental support, and decision‐making processes in technology innovation, which distinguish this model by its specific ADP to the developmental and economic conditions in a developing economy like Bangladesh.
Supplementary Table S3 from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immune Microenvironment Analysis: A Comprehensive Assessment with Computational and Classical Pathology
Authors: Ercan Caner , Renne Salvatore Lorenzo , Di Tommaso Luca , Ng Charlotte K.Y. , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Terracciano Luigi M.
Published: November 2024

Supplementary Table S3. Distribution of clinicopathological features between HCCs of different immunophenotypes in the cohort.
Supplementary Fig. S2 from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immune Microenvironment Analysis: A Comprehensive Assessment with Computational and Classical Pathology
Authors: Ercan Caner , Renne Salvatore Lorenzo , Di Tommaso Luca , Ng Charlotte K.Y. , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Terracciano Luigi M.
Published: November 2024

Supplementary Fig. S2. Cell Quantification Deep Learning models' performance metrics.