An accurate solar axions ray-tracing response of BabyIAXO
Authors:   IAXO collaboration, Ahyoune S. , Altenmüller K. , Antolín I. , Basso S. , Brun P. , Candón F. R. , Castel J. F. , Cebrián S. , Chouhan D. , Della Ceca R. , Cervera-Cortés M. , Chernov V. , Civitani M. M. , Cogollos C. , Costa E. , Cotroneo V. , Dafní T. , Derbin A. , Desch K. , Díaz-Martín M. C. , Díaz-Morcillo A. , Díez-Ibáñez D. , Diez Pardos C. , Dinter M. , Döbrich B. , Drachnev I. , Dudarev A. , Ezquerro A. , Fabiani S. , Ferrer-Ribas E. , Finelli F. , Fleck I. , Galán J. , Galanti G. , Galaverni M. , García J. A. , García-Barceló J. M. , Gastaldo L. , Giannotti M. , Giganon A. , Goblin C. , Goyal N. , Gu Y. , Hagge L. , Helary L. , Hengstler D. , Heuchel D. , Hoof S. , Iglesias-Marzoa R. , Iguaz F. J. , Iñiguez C. , Irastorza I. G. , Jakovčić K. , Käfer D. , Kaminski J. , Karstensen S. , Law M. , Lindner A. , Loidl M. , Loiseau C. , López-Alegre G. , Lozano-Guerrero A. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Luzón G. , Manthos I. , Margalejo C. , Marín-Franch A. , Marqués J. , Marutzky F. , Menneglier C. , Mentink M. , Mertens S. , Miralda-Escudé J. , Mirallas H. , Muleri F. , Muratova V. , Navarro-Madrid J. R. , Navick X. F. , Nikolopoulos K. , Notari A. , Nozik A. , Obis L. , Ortiz-de-Solórzano A. , O’Shea T. , von Oy J. , Pareschi G. , Papaevangelou T. , Pareschi G. , Perez K. , Pérez O. , Picatoste E. , Pivovaroff M. J. , Porrón J. , Puyuelo M. J. , Quintana A. , Redondo J. , Reuther D. , Ringwald A. , Rodrigues M. , Rubini A. , Rueda-Teruel S. , Rueda-Teruel F. , Ruiz-Chóliz E. , Ruz J. , Schaffran J. , Schiffer T. , Schmidt S. , Schneekloth U. , Schönfeld L. , Schott M. , Segui L. , Singh U. R. , Soffitta P. , Spiga D. , Stern M. , Straniero O. , Tavecchio F. , Unzhakov E. , Ushakov N. A. , Vecchi G. , Vogel J. K. , Voronin D. M. , Ward R. , Weltman A. , Wiesinger C. , Wolf R. , Yanes-Díaz A. , Yu Y. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

BabyIAXO is the intermediate stage of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO) to be hosted at DESY. Its primary goal is the detection of solar axions following the axion helioscope technique. Axions are converted into photons in a large magnet that is pointing to the sun. The resulting X-rays are focused by appropriate X-ray optics and detected by sensitive low-background detectors placed at the focal spot. The aim of this article is to provide an accurate quantitative description of the different components (such as the magnet, optics, and X-ray detectors) involved in the detection of axions. Our efforts have focused on developing robust and integrated software tools to model these helioscope components, enabling future assessments of modifications or upgrades to any part of the IAXO axion helioscope and evaluating the potential impact on the experiment’s sensitivity. In this manuscript, we demonstrate the application of these tools by presenting a precise signal calculation and response analysis of BabyIAXO’s sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling. Though focusing on the Primakoff solar flux component, our virtual helioscope model can be used to test different production mechanisms, allowing for direct comparisons within a unified framework.