bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Catalytic Intramolecular Hydroacylation
Authors: BARNHART R. W. , MCMORRAN D. A. , BOSNICH B.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Perfluoroalkyl Sulfur Compounds: An Unusual Reactivity Pattern of Perfluoroalkanesulfonic Esters
Authors: CHEN Q.‐Y.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Report of the Electrolytic Industries for the Year 1996
Authors: CHEN C.‐P. , VREEKE M.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1H and 13C Spectroscopy in the Study of Flavan‐3‐ols, Proanthocyanidins, and Their Derivatives
Authors: VDOVIN A. D. , KULIEV Z. A. , ABDULLAEV N. D.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Matrix Luminescence Analysis: Photophysics, Physicochemical Interactions and Applications
Authors: HURTUBISE R. J.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of Carotenoids
Authors: VAN BREEMEN R. B.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prediction of the Crevice Corrosion Incubation Period of Passive Metals at Elevated Temperatures: Part I — Mathematical Model
Authors: Heppner Kevin L. , Evitts Richard W. , Postlethwaite John
Published: July 2010

Previous researchers have numerically modelled the crevice corrosion of particular classes of metals and alloys. Applicable to passive metals immersed in an appropriate electrolyte, a new crevice corrosion model simulates the general passive crevice corrosion problem. Rapid approach of chemical equilibrium is assumed. Equilibrium constants and transport properties are adjusted for elevated temperature via the correspondence principle (Criss and Cobble, 1964) and the Nernst‐Einstein equation, respectively. The corrosion rate is adjusted for thermal and acidity effects via an Arrhenius expression and a Freundlich isotherm, respectively. Presented in a sequel publication, the predictions compare favourably with experimental results.
Challenging the Traditional Counter‐Current Water Circulation System Case: Washing of Soap in a Kraft Pulp Fibreline
Authors: Ala‐Kaila Kari , Poukka Outi , Tervola Pekka
Published: July 2010

Would it be possible to challenge the traditional counter‐current water circulation system in a way that enables better soap washability, and thus improves process runnability in the kraft pulp fibreline? New water circulation alternatives were simulated in order to find ways to modify dissolved solids contents in the liquors and thus to improve soap washability. An application of using different fractions of liquors in dilution washing proved to be an interesting alternative. The presented modification principles should be applicable also in other branches of the chemical industry, especially when solubility is a limiting factor in washing.
Cisplatin and PI3kinase inhibition decrease invasion and migration of human ovarian carcinoma cells and regulate matrix‐metalloproteinase expression
Authors: Karam Amer K. , Santiskulvong Chintda , Fekete Mirela , Zabih Sara , Eng Carol , Dorigo Oliver
Published: July 2010

Targeting of the PI3K (phosphoinositide3‐kinase)/Akt/mTOR pathway in human ovarian cancer cells is a promising novel therapeutic strategy. We investigated the effects of cisplatin and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 on invasion, migration and the expression of essential matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in ovarian cancer cells. SKOV3, OVCAR5 and IGROV1 human ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with cisplatin, LY294002 and a combination of both drugs. Invasion and migration of treated cells was assessed using Matrigel and uncoated PET membrane assays. Expression levels of pro‐MMP2, MMP2, TIMP1, TIMP2 and MT1‐MMP were determined using Western Blotting. Gel zymography was used to quantitate the functional levels of active MMP2. All three cell lines showed significantly reduced invasion and migration after treatment with cisplatin, LY294002, and the combination of both drugs compared to untreated controls. In SKOV3 cells, cisplatin alone and in combination with LY294002 resulted in a 6.3 and 7.1‐fold reduction in the total amount of activated MMP2. TIMP1 expression decreased by 5.0, 6.6 and 28.4‐fold with cisplatin, LY294002 and the combination respectively (P < 0.05). In contrast, only cisplatin and the combination of both drugs resulted in a significant, 3.7 and 5.1‐fold reduction in the level of TIMP2. Expression levels of MT1‐MMP remained unchanged. These observations were corroborated in IGROV1 cell lines that showed similar changes of activated MMP2 and TIMP2 expression, but no significant decrease in TIMP1 levels. Our data suggests that inhibition of ovarian cancer cell motility is mediated via down‐regulation of activated MMP2, TIMP1 and TIMP2 expression under these treatment conditions. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A generic framework for constructing cross‐realm C2C‐PAKA protocols based on the smart card
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhu Wen‐Tao , Jin Wen‐Ting
Published: July 2010

A cross‐realm client‐to‐client password‐authenticated key agreement (C2C‐PAKA) protocol allows network clients from different realms managed by different servers to agree on a session key in an authentic manner based on easily memorizable passwords. In this paper, we present a generic framework for constructing a cross‐realm C2C‐PAKA protocol from any secure smart card‐based password authentication (PA‐SC) protocol. The security proof of our construction can be derived from the underlying PA‐SC protocol employing the same assumptions. Our generic framework appears to be the first one with provable security. In addition, compared with similar protocols, the instantiation of our construction achieves improved efficiency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Prototyping of Low‐Loss IR Chalcogenide‐Glass Waveguides by Controlled Remelting
Authors: Rowlands Christopher J. , Su Lei , Elliott Stephen R.
Published: July 2010

A method for fabricating infrared‐transmitting waveguides that yields low optical losses and strong confinement of light is presented. The method minimises the number of fabrication steps by exploiting the photosensitivity of arsenic trisulfide glass, using it both as a photoresist and as a waveguiding material. Controlled annealing/remelting of the waveguides minimises scattering due to fluctuations in refractive index at the interface between the waveguide and the surrounding medium, allowing low losses to be realised. Bends and Y‐splitter structures have been realised, as well as the longest As2S3 serpentine planar waveguides yet reported.
Toxicity Response of Electroactive Microbial Biofilms—A Decisive Feature for Potential Biosensor and Power Source Applications
Authors: Patil Sunil , Harnisch Falk , Schröder Uwe
Published: July 2010

Herein, we investigate the effect of exemplary biocides on wastewater‐derived electroactive microbial biofilms. We show that the current response of these biofilms as a measure of their bioelectrocatalytic performance is not affected by the presence of antimicrobial compounds such as the sulfonamide‐based antibiotics sulfamethaxozole and sulfadiazin, the disinfectant chloramine B and the metal ions Cu2+, Ag+, Pb2+, and Hg2+, even at concentrations an order of magnitude higher than average concentrations of these compounds in wastewaters. In contrast to the electroactive biofilms, planktonic cells of the same origin, studied in a mediator‐based microbial fuel cell, are massively affected by the presence of the antimicrobial agents.
The Effect of Trivalent Cations on the Performance of Mg‐M‐CO3 Layered Double Hydroxides for High‐Temperature CO2 Capture
Authors: Wang Qiang , Tay Hui Huang , Ng Desmond Jia Wei , Chen Luwei , Liu Yan , Chang Jie , Zhong Ziyi , Luo Jizhong , Borgna Armando
Published: July 2010

The effect of trivalent cations on the performance of Mg‐M‐CO3 (M=Al, Fe, Ga, Mn) layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for high‐temperature CO2 capture is systematically investigated for the first time. We demonstrate that the M3+ determines the structure evolution of LDH derivatives under thermal treatment, and finally influences the CO2 capture capacity. Very different calcination temperatures are required for the different LDHs to obtain their maximum CO2 capture capacities. To have a clear understanding of the reason behind these big differences the physicochemical properties, thermal stability, and memory effect of the LDHs were investigated. Both the thermal stability and the memory effect of LDHs are greatly influenced by the type of trivalent cation. The CO2 capture capacities were also evaluated under various conditions. Another important finding of this work is that the quasi‐amorphous phase obtained by thermal treatment at the lowest possible temperature gives the highest CO2 capture capacity.
Thin‐Film Composite Materials as a Dielectric Layer for Flexible Metal–Insulator–Metal Capacitors
Authors: Tiwari Jitendra N. , Meena Jagan Singh , Wu Chung‐Shu , Tiwari Rajanish N. , Chu Min‐Ching , Chang Feng‐Chih , Ko Fu‐Hsiang
Published: July 2010

A new organic–organic nanoscale composite thin‐film (NCTF) dielectric has been synthesized by solution deposition of 1‐bromoadamantane and triblock copolymer (Pluronic P123, BASF, EO20‐PO70‐EO20), in which the precursor solution has been achieved with organic additives. We have used a sol‐gel process to make a metal–insulator–metal capacitor (MIM) comprising a nanoscale (10 nm‐thick) thin‐film on a flexible polyimide (PI) substrate at room temperature. Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope revealed that the deposited NCTFs were crack‐free, uniform, highly resistant to moisture absorption, and well adhered on the Au–Cr/PI. The electrical properties of 1‐bromoadamantane‐P123 NCTF were characterized by dielectric constant, capacitance, and leakage current measurements. The 1‐bromoadamantane‐P123 NCTF on the PI substrate showed a low leakage current density of 5.5×10−11 A cm−2 and good capacitance of 2.4 fF at 1 MHz. In addition, the calculated dielectric constant of 1‐bromoadamantane‐P123 NCTF was 1.9, making them suitable candidates for use in future flexible electronic devices as a stable intermetal dielectric. The electrical insulating properties of 1‐bromoadamantane‐P123 NCTF have been improved due to the optimized dipole moments of the van der Waals interactions.
Epithelioid angiomyolipoma of kidney with atypical nuclear features and intranuclear inclusions on cytology
Authors: Ingle Abhijit , Kumar Brijesh , Menon Santosh , Bakshi Ganesh , Desai Subhash , Shet Tanuja
Published: July 2010

Described herein are the cytological findings of epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) of the kidney with atypical nuclear features mistaken for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a 61‐year‐old male patient.

Aspirates from this large renal mass were cellular and showed epithelioid cell clusters with focally crowded nuclei showing moderate anisonucleosis, small nucleoli, and prominent eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions. Failure to recognize the scanty adipose tissue component and preponderance of epithelioid cells with nuclear pleomorphism lead to a diagnosis of RCC on cytology.

On histology, the tumor was essentially composed of epithelioid and spindle cells that showed the typical immunoprofile of an angiomyolipoma and only occasional foci of typical AML were seen. The hilar lymph node was involved in contiguity. However, in view of lack of obvious features of malignancy, the tumor was labeled as EAML with atypical features. Immunocytochemistry on the destained cytology aspirates revealed strong smooth muscle actin staining of all cells.

To conclude, EAML can mimic a RCC. In such instances, lack of arborizing vasculature, absence of cytoplasmic fatty vacoulation, crowded nuclei with intranuclear inclusions, and lack of prominent nucleoli along with typical immunophenotype of EAML may assist in the cytology diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:278–282. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of p16 immunostaining to predict high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with Pap results of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
Authors: Guo Ming , Warriage Irfan , Mutyala Bramara , Patel Shobha , Lin E. , Gong Yun , Sneige Nour
Published: July 2010

p16 immunostaining has been examined to detect high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade (CIN2+) in Pap cytology specimens. However, the utility of p16 in predicting CIN2+ in Pap specimens with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) or atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasm (ASC‐H), is controversial. In this study, we evaluated the utility of p16 immunostaining for predicting CIN2+ in 78 Pap specimens with ASC‐US/ASC‐H and compared the results in high‐risk HPV DNA and the follow‐up biopsies. p16 immunostaining was positive in 47% (37/78) of the Pap specimens. Of the 13 Pap specimens with follow‐up biopsy results of CIN2+, 7 (54%) were positive for p16. p16 positivity in the Pap specimens was not significantly associated with a CIN2+ biopsy result (P = 0.76). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of p16 immunostaining for predicting CIN2+ were 54%, 52%, 19%, and 85%, respectively. High‐risk HPV DNA was detected in 40% (31/78) of the Pap specimens. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of HPV DNA for predicting CIN2+ were 100%, 72%, 42%, and 100%, respectively. High‐risk HPV genotypes were detected in six p16‐negative specimens with follow‐up biopsy results of CIN2+. Our findings suggest that the utility of p16 immunostaining for predicting CIN2+ in Pap specimens with ASC‐US/ASC‐H is limited. Scant abnormal cells in Pap specimens with ASC‐US/ASC‐H may have contributed to the low p16 sensitivity. Diagn. Cytopathol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasmablastic lymphoma of the cecum: Report of a case with cytologic findings
Authors: Hatanaka Kazuhito , Nakamura Naoya , Kishimoto Koji , Sugino Keishi , Uekusa Toshimasa
Published: July 2010

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare lymphoma that is characterized by a diffuse proliferation of large neoplastic cells resembling B immunoblasts, but shows the immunophenotype of plasma cells. PBL is most commonly seen in the oral cavity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) may be closely related the pathogenesis of PBL. We report a case of HIV‐negative PBL in a 75‐year‐old man without EBV infection. Histologic examination of the cecal tumor following right hemicolectomy and cytologic examination of ascitic fluid were performed. Cytologic specimens were hypercellular and composed of single cells and loosely formed clusters. Large tumor cells showed plasmacytoid features with basophilic cytoplasm, large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and focal perinuclear halos. Abnormal mitotic figures were easily identified. On immnohistologic study, the tumor cells were positive for CD138 (plasma cell marker) and kappa, but negative for CD45, CD3, CD20, CD79a, CD56, and cyclin D1. The proliferation index (Ki‐67) was high. This is a very rare case of PBL without HIV and EBV infection, involving the cecum. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:297–300. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pax8: A marker for carcinoma of Müllerian origin in serous effusions
Authors: Tong Guo‐Xia , Devaraj Kalpana , Hamele‐Bena Diane , Yu Woojin M. , Turk Andrew , Chen Xiaowei , Wright Jason D. , Greenebaum Ellen
Published: July 2010

PAX8 is a nuclear transcription factor with limited expression in normal and neoplastic tissues in a cell lineage‐dependent manner. PAX8 has been detected in embryonic Müllerian ducts, human fallopian tubes, and ovarian carcinomas. However, little is known about its expression in other areas of the female genital tract. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to examine PAX8 expression in the normal uterine corpus and cervix, malignant tumors arising from these sites, and malignant effusions. We reported here that PAX8 was also detected in endometrial epithelial cells and endocervical glands, with a lower expression level in the latter, but not in the stromal cells of these areas. All endometrial carcinomas (N = 52) were positive for PAX8, whereas endocervical adenocarcinomas (N = 5) and uterine leiomyosarcomas (N = 3) were negative for PAX8. PAX8 was detected in 70% (22/31) and 68.8% (11/16) of metastatic carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium in serous effusions, respectively. No PAX8 was detected in carcinomas of nongynecologic origin or noncarcinomas (N = 71) in serous effusions except in one renal‐cell carcinoma and one carcinoma of unknown primary in a woman. In addition, papillary serous carcinomas of the peritoneum (N = 10) were diffusely positive for PAX8, implying a Müllerian origin similar to malignant tumors in the female genital tract. Our findings suggest that PAX8 is an additional IHC marker for carcinomas of Müllerian origin hence we recommend including PAX8 for evaluation of malignant serous effusions in women, especially when tumors of Müllerian origin are in the differential diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Voluntary work and the environment: The scope for local initiatives
Authors: Falk Nicholas
Published: July 2010

Perhaps more than in any other area voluntary organisations play an enormous role in environmental protection and improvement. In the light of recent case studies in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, Nicholas Falk discusses the role of voluntary work throughout Western Europe, the stages and problems of its growth and the ways in which government could encourage this process.
Assessing the environmental impacts of land use; What role for economic assessment?
Authors: Whitby Martin C. , Adger W. Neil
Published: July 2010

How do governments choose from the range of instruments and policies available in the environmental planning and protection process? Martin Whitby and Neil Adger examine the physical evaluation methods of land use change and greenhouse gases, the tacit value of the environment within the agriculture and conservation policies of the UK and the techniques of economic environmental evaluation. They suggest that as the techniques and costs of collecting and interpreting environmental information improve, a more rational choice of environmental l policy should follow.
Accounting for the environment: Current issues
Authors: Quirke Brendan
Published: July 2010

In a review of the problems which accountants face in trying to integrate environmental considerations into their well defined procedures, Brendan Quirke argues for the establishment of an Auditor‐General for the environment and the redefinition of accounting concepts and methodology.
Transport and the environment: From technical to structural solutions
Authors: Arp Henning A.
Published: July 2010

The movement of people and goods within Europe Is set to Increase significantly as European integration continues. While integration carries marked benefits for all Europeans, the environmental price paid for mobility is already substantial and will increase dramatically if present patterns continue. Henning Arp discusses the options available to minimise these costs, and suggests that a change of emphasis is vital if widespread environmental damage is to be averted.
Developing environmental management strategies
Authors: Rickmann Allan
Published: July 2010

By examining the role of the environmental audit in the development of environmental strategies, Allan Rickmann argues that progress across Europe has been variable. He argues that businesses need to implement a credible environmental strategy without delay.
Gis and environmental management
Authors: Davidson Donald A.
Published: July 2010

Geographical information systems (GIS) are increasingly being used to aid environmental management. Donald Davidson evaluates the extent to which such systems assist with environmental assessment and strategic land use planning. Case studies from Scotland and Greece demonstrate the power and flexibility of GIS.
Environmentausm in Bulgaria: What colour are the greens?
Authors: Georgieva Kristalina
Published: July 2010

The environmental movement has played a central role in the recent political changes in Central and Eastern Europe. Kristalina Georgieva discusses the role of the environmental movement in Bulgaria, finding that although environmentalists found prominent positions in post‐reform governments, agreement on environmental issues has since been divided across party boundaries as the political climate matures.
Strategic environmental assessment: Evaluating the impacts of european policies, plans and programmes
Authors: Wilson Elizabeth
Published: July 2010

The integration of environmental protection requirements into wider economic and governmental policies could drastically increase the significance of environmental considerations in all aspects of policy making. Both collectively and individually, the member states of the EC have committed themselves to such policy integration. However, despite its vital role in promoting sustainability, a formal commitment to assess and reduce the impact of wider policies through strategic environmental assessment has been avoided, as Elizabeth Wilson discusses.
Evaluating techniques for Eco‐balances and life cycle assessment
Authors: Baumgartner Thomas
Published: July 2010

Eco‐balances or Life Cycle Assessment form the basis of the EC's Eco‐labelling scheme. However, assessing the total environmental impact of a product or material is a complex task, a challenge which is leading to the evolution of new scientific methodologies and analytical frameworks. Presenting the findings of a study undertaken for the EC, Thomas Baumgartner and Frieder Rubik outline the current status of the eco‐balance process.
Ireland's environmental protection agency act 1992: An overview
Authors: Geraghty P. J.
Published: July 2010

Recent developments in Irish environmental policy have paved the way for the establishment of an environmental agency to monitor environmental quality and enforce regulations. Irish proposals for an agency for integrated pollution monitoring and control are very much in keeping with current EC thinking as outlined in the Fifth Environmental Action Programme and by the proposed European Environment Agency. P J Geraghty examines the new Irish legislation and outlines some of the reactions that it has drawn.
Genetic modification and the environment: EC directives and the genesis of UK regulation
Authors: Barling David
Published: July 2010

The rapid advances in bio‐technology that have been witnessed in recent years have been matched by an increase in concern associated with both the moral dimensions and the possible environmental impacts of genetically modified organisms. Recognising both the potential threats and benefits, the EC has responded through the adoption of two directives controlling the use and release of GMOs. David Barling discusses the development of EC regulations and charts their application in the UK, finding that the common problem of equal enforcement may limit the potential of the EC in this field.
Environmental monitoring in the European Union
Authors: Bayliss Duncan , Walker Gordon
Published: July 2010

A comparison was undertaken of the environmental monitoring occurring in four EU cities. This aimed to establish the nature and pattern of the monitoring activity at the local level across environmental media and also the accessibility of the results to third parties. Significant differences are found in both the pattern of what is monitored and also the methodologies used. The arrangements for access to data very widely. Reasons for the differences in monitoring at the local level are considered and the implications for making international comparisons, especially of compliance with legal requirements, are discussed.
Going dutch in environmental policy: A case of shared responsibility
Authors: Tuininga Eric‐Jan
Published: July 2010

Dutch experience with environmental policy since 1989 is often cited as a laudable example which other governments might follow. But after five years of hard work and three National Environmental Policy Plans (NEPPs), the effectiveness of these policy plans is still being debated, particularly in the Netherlands itself. What has become clear is that environmental policy is more than writing plans, and, as recent Dutch experience has established, the major challenges lie in implementation. As this paper will discuss, while Dutch environmental policy has set ambitious goals and developed some innovative policy mechanisms with which to reach them, its performance should be judged not on the basis of its design, but rather on the basis of its results.
Towards sustainability in the travel and tourism industry
Authors: Hawkins Rebecca
Published: July 2010

Travel and tourism is one of Europe's fastest growing industries. While in many instances its economic benefits are of paramount importance, notably in relation to the contribution tourism can make to otherwise economically disadvantaged areas, it also has significant negative impacts. This paper examines the relations between travel and tourism development and the environment and proposes ways in which the industry can protect the environment upon which its future depends.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Studies of (Aryloxido)magnesium Complexes
Authors: Ejfler Jolanta , Krauzy‐Dziedzic Katarzyna , Szafert Sławomir , Jerzykiewicz Lucjan B. , Sobota Piotr
Published: July 2010

The reaction of MgBu2 with 1 equiv. of four‐coordinating (R)‐ or rac‐N,N‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzyl‐2‐hydroxy)tetrahydrofurfurylamine (R/rac‐bpthfa‐H2) gave dinuclear homoleptic [Mg(μ‐R/rac‐bpthfa)]2 (R/rac‐2c) as white powders in54–67 % yields. Analogous reactions of MgBu2 with 2 equiv. of two‐coordinating N‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzyl‐2‐hydroxy)‐N‐methylcyclohexanamine (tbpca‐H; 1e‐H) and (S)‐N‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzyl‐2‐hydroxy)‐N,α‐dimethylbenzylamine(S‐tbpmpa‐H; S‐1f‐H) gave white crystals of homoleptic mononuclear compounds of general formula [Mg(L)2] (2e and S‐2f) in 87–89 % yields. The resulting aminophenolates were characterized by spectroscopic methods and, in the case of R‐2c and S‐2f, by X‐ray crystallography. The new complexes R/rac‐2c, 2e, and S‐2f, as well as the previously described homo‐ and heteroleptic tetranuclear [Mg(ddbfo)2]4 (2a), [Mg(thffo)2]4 (2b), [Mg4(μ3‐OMe)2(μ,η2‐ddbfo)2(μ,η1‐ddbfo)2(η1‐ddbfo)2(MeOH)5]·CH3OH·thf (3a·CH3OH·thf) and [Mg4(μ3,η2‐thffo)2(μ,η2‐thffo)2(Ph3SiO)2] (4b), were tested in the polymerization of lactide to reveal good activity only in the case of mononuclear four‐coordinate species grafted with an external donor, benzyl alcohol.
Construction of a Hybrid Family Based on Lanthanide–Organic Framework Hosts and Polyoxometalate Guests
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Jia Yanyan , Zhang Yongfeng , Huang Rudan
Published: July 2010

A series of 3D polyoxometalate (POM) based coordination polymers, namely, Ln4(pdc)4[SiW12O40]·xH2O (Ln = Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy; x = 19, 13, 14, 18; H2pdc = pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylate), have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), XRD, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that they are all isostructural, and the Keggin polyanions [SiW12O40]4– are wrapped as noncoordinating guests in the nonlinear channels of the 3D host framework with 43·62·8 topology that is formed by rare‐earth metal ions and organic ligands. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry (CV), ethanol‐sorption properties, and catalytic properties are also discussed.
New Versatile Strategy towards Zinc(II)‐, Copper(II)‐ and Cobalt(II)‐Metallated Thiophene/Porphyrin‐Hybrids
Authors: Zöllner Mike J. , Becker Eike , Jahn Ullrich , Kowalsky Wolfgang , Johannes Hans‐Hermann
Published: July 2010

A series of linear and lateral functionalised porphyrin–thiophene hybrid molecules was synthesised. Directly linked metal‐free conjugates were synthesised by a successive bromination/cross‐coupling sequence and transformed subsequently into zinc, copper and cobalt porphyrins. In the lateral connection mode, diverse strategies were necessary to obtain zinc and cobalt porphyrins, whereas the synthesis of the copper derivative followed an established route. All compounds were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Within the series, the cobalt derivatives were exceptional because the cobalt porphyrin oxidation proved to be in competition with the thiophene oxidation. These results lead to a better understanding of the redox behaviour because such hybrid molecules consist of two independent redox centres. Furthermore, in the linear case, the absorption spectra clearly indicated an electronic influence of the thiophene periphery on the porphyrin, although conjugation is hindered strongly.
Direct Structural Comparison of a Rigid Cyclic Peptidic Scaffold Using Crystallography and NMR in Strained PH Polymer Gels
Authors: Arnusch Christopher J. , Ippel Johannes H. , Kooijman Huub , Spek Anthony L. , Liskamp Rob M. J. , Kemmink Johan , Pieters Roland J.
Published: July 2010

A small series of biaryl ether containing cyclic peptidic scaffolds was synthesized and cyclized by an SNAr reaction. The structure of one rigid scaffold was solved by X‐ray crystallography and also determined in solution by NMR spectroscopy. Molecular alignment of the peptidic scaffold in strained PH polymer gels in [D6]DMSO was applied to extract residual dipolar couplings (RDCs). The RDC values were used to obtain a structure that was compared to the crystal structure. Good correlation was obtained, indicating that the RDC method represents a very precise structure determination method for small organic molecules in solution.
A Bifunctional Chromogenic Calix[4]arene Chemosensor for Both Cations and Anions: A Potential Ca2+ and F– Switched INHIBIT Logic Gate with a YES Logic Function
Authors: Chang Kai‐Chi , Su In‐Hao , Wang Yu‐Yun , Chung Wen‐Sheng
Published: July 2010

A bifunctional chromogenic calix[4]arene 3, which contains both triazoles and hydroxy azophenols as both cationic and anionic recognition sites and the azophenol moiety as a coloration unit, was designed and synthesized. The recognition of Ca2+ by 3 gave rise to a marked colour change from greenish to bright yellow, whereas the recognition of F– by 3 showed a colour change from light green to bluish. The colour changes of 3 by the inputs of Ca2+ and F– have been implemented to construct a combinational logic circuit at the molecular level.
Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine and Uric Acid with Chitosan‐Graphene Modified Electrode
Authors: Han Dongxue , Han Tingting , Shan Changsheng , Ivaska Ari , Niu Li
Published: July 2010

Chitosan functionalized graphene was synthesized by a together‐blending and in situ chemical reduction method. UV‐vis, FT‐IR, Raman and SEM techniques were used to study the molecular structure and morphology of the resulting composite. The chitosan‐graphene modified glassy carbon electrode showed high electrocatalytic activity towards oxidations of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). By using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) as the analytical technique the calibration curves for AA, DA and UA, determined simultaneously, were found linear with a concentration range of 50–1200 μM, 1.0–24 μM and 2.0–45 μM, respectively.
Liquid chromatography on chip
Authors: Faure Karine
Published: July 2010

LC is one of the most powerful separation techniques as illustrated by its leading role in analytical sciences through both academic and industrial communities. Its implementation in microsystems appears to be crucial in the development of μ‐Total Analysis System. If electrophoretic techniques have been widely used in miniaturized devices, LC has faced multiple challenges in the downsizing process. During the past 5 years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in this research area, in both conception and use of LC on chip. This review emphasizes the development of novel stationary phases and their implementation in microchannels. Recent instrumental advances are also presented, highlighting the various driving forces (pressure, electrical field) that have been selected and their respective ranges of applications.
Facilitating the hyphenation of CIEF and MALDI‐MS for two‐dimensional separation of proteins
Authors: Cheng Chang , Lu Joann J. , Wang Xiayan , Roberts Jonathan , Liu Shaorong
Published: July 2010

Both CIEF and MALDI‐MS are frequently used in protein analysis, but hyphenation of the two has not been investigated proportionally. One of the major reasons is that the additives (such as carrier ampholytes and detergent) in CIEF severely suppress the MALDI‐MS signal, which hampers the hyphenation of the two. In this paper, we develop a simple means to alleviate the above signal‐suppressing effect. We first deposit 1 μL of water onto a MALDI‐MS target, deliver a fraction of CIEF‐separated protein (∼0.1 μL) to the water droplet, evaporate the solvent, add 0.5 μL of MALDI matrix to the sample spot, dry the matrix and move the target plate to a MALDI‐TOF‐MS for mass spectrum measurement. We optimize the droplet volume and the laser‐ablation region. Under the optimized conditions, we improve the S/N by two‐ to tenfold. We also apply this method for 2‐D separations of standard proteins and apolipoprotein A–I, a membrane protein expressed in Escherichia coli cells.
Dynamic coating of SU‐8 microfluidic chips with phospholipid disks
Authors: Sikanen Tiina , Wiedmer Susanne K. , Heikkilä Liisa , Franssila Sami , Kostiainen Risto , Kotiaho Tapio
Published: July 2010

In this work, PEG‐stabilized phosphatidylcholine lipid aggregates (disks), mimicking mammalian cell membranes, were introduced as a new biofouling resistant coating for SU‐8 polymer microchannels. A rapid and simple method was developed for immobilization of PEGylated phosphatidylcholine disks in microchannels. Microfluidic chips made from SU‐8, PDMS, or glass were dynamically coated with the PEGylated disks followed by characterization of their surface chemistry before and after coating. On the basis of the observed changes in EOF and nonspecific protein adsorption, the affinity of the PEGylated disks was shown to be particularly strong toward SU‐8. The PEG‐lipid coating enabled permanent change in EOF in SU‐8 microchannels with an initial value of 4.5×10−8 m2 V−1 s−1, decreasing to 2.1×10−8 m2 V−1 s−1 (immediately after modification), and, eventually, to 1.5×10−8 m2 V−1 s−1 (7 days after modification) for 9 mM sodium borate (pH 10.5) as BGE. As determined by the Wilhelmy plate measurements and microchip‐CE analysis of BSA, the PEG‐lipid coating also enabled efficient biofouling shield against protein adsorption, similar to that of low amounts of SDS (3.5 mM) or Tween‐20 (80 μM) as buffer additives. These results suggest that dynamically attached PEG‐lipid aggregates provide stable, biomimicking surface modification that efficiently reduces biofouling on SU‐8.
Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) dietary exposure to PCDD/DF in the Tittabawassee River floodplain in Midland, Michigan, USA
Authors: Coefield Sarah J. , Zwiernik Matthew J. , Fredricks Timothy B. , Seston Rita M. , Nadeau Michael W. , Tazelaar Dustin L. , Moore Jeremy N. , Kay Denise P. , Roark Shaun A. , Giesy John P.
Published: July 2010

Soils and sediments in the floodplain of the Tittabawassee River downstream of Midland, Michigan, USA contain elevated concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD). As a long-lived, resident top predator, the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus; GHO) has the potential to be exposed to bioaccumulative compounds such as PCDD/DF. Site-specific components of the GHO diet were collected along 115 km of the Tittabawassee, Pine, Chippewa, and Saginaw Rivers during 2005 and 2006. The site-specific GHO biomass-based diet was dominated by cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) and muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). Incidental soil ingestion and cottontail rabbits were the primary contributors of PCDD/DF to the GHO diet. The great horned owl daily dietary exposure estimates were greater in the study area (SA) (3.3 to 5.0 ng 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents (TEQWHO-avian)/kg body wt/d) than the reference area (RA) (0.07 ng TEQWHO-Avian/kg body wt/d). Hazard quotients (HQs) based on central tendency estimates of the average daily dose and no-observable-adverse effect level (NOAEL) for the screech owl and uncertainty factors were <1.0 for both the RA and the SA. Hazard quotients based on upper end estimates of the average daily dose and NOAEL were <1.0 in the RA and up to 3.4 in the SA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2350–2362. © 2010 SETAC
Ecological risk assessment of great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) exposed to PCDD/DF in the Tittabawassee River floodplain in Midland, Michigan, USA
Authors: Coefield Sarah J. , Fredricks Timothy B. , Seston Rita M. , Nadeau Michael W. , Tazelaar Dustin L. , Kay Denise P. , Newsted John , Giesy John P. , Zwiernik Matthew J.
Published: July 2010

Soils and sediments downstream of Midland, Michigan, USA have elevated polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) concentrations. To determine if the PCDD/DF concentrations have the potential to adversely affect terrestrial avian predators, a site-specific, multiple lines of evidence risk assessment was conducted for the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus; GHO). As long-lived resident top predators, the GHO has the potential to be exposed to relatively great concentrations of bioaccumulative compounds such as PCDD/DF. From 2005 to 2008, concentrations of PCDD/DF were measured in blood plasma of adult and nestling GHOs and addled eggs. Indicators of the condition of the population, including abundance and reproductive success, were collected along 115 km of river corridor. Fifty-five active 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) equivalents (TEQWHO-Avian) nests were monitored in 21 breeding territories from 2005 to 2008. The geometric mean concentration in blood plasma of GHOs was greater in the study area (SA) than in the reference area (RA) for both adults (RA: 3.1; SA: 9.4 ng TEQWHO-Avian/kg) and nestlings (RA: 0.82 ng TEQWHO-Avian/kg, SA: 2.1 ng TEQWHO-Avian/kg) GHOs, but less than concentrations expected to cause adverse effects based on laboratory studies. Concentrations of TEQWHO-Avian in addled GHO eggs were also greater in the SA than the RA (50 and 7.3 ng/kg, wet weight, respectively), but were less than concentrations expected to cause adverse effects. The GHO population condition and productivity were both greater in the study area than in the reference area and were similar to other GHO populations. This result suggests the GHO population in the Tittabawassee River floodplain is consistent with what would be expected for this area. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2341–2349. © 2010 SETAC
Combustion behavior and application of polyolefin‐based floor sheet laminated with Nylon‐6/clay nanocomposites film
Authors: Ito Mikiya , Sakamoto Tatsuro , Uehara Motoki , Tsuruta Koji , Tamura Kenji , Mutoh Hiroyuki , Nagai Kazukiyo
Published: July 2010

Nanocomposites are potential materials that can be used to improve the flame resistance of polymers without the need for halogen‐based flame retardants. However, the nanocomposites cannot be used as the only raw material to produce final products as they are too expensive compared with low‐cost commodity plastics. Therefore, some types of polyolefin‐based floor sheet laminated with nanocomposites film were prepared for the cone calorimetric study to determine the suitable nanocomposites laminated structure for flame resistance. This study found that the polyolefin‐based floor sheet laminated with 200 µm Nylon‐6/montmorillonite nanocomposites film on the surface can reduce the HRR max and the S significantly; other types of nanocomposites film‐laminated floor sheet were not able to reduce their flame resistance in comparison with the normal Nylon‐6 film‐laminated floor sheet. Meanwhile, based on the gas barrier performance, the higher aspect ratio of clay is assumed to contribute to the higher flame resistance of nanocomposites. Thus, the polyolefin‐based floor sheet laminated with Nylon‐6/sericite nanocomposites film on the surface was also prepared and examined in the cone calorimetric study. However, the Nylon‐6/sericite nanocomposites film surface‐laminated floor sheet did not cause a significant reduction in the HRR max and S compared with the Nylon‐6/montmorillonite nanocomposites film surface‐laminated floor sheet. The grade determined according to the standard fire test and the mechanical properties of the Nylon‐6/montmorillonite nanocomposites film surface‐laminated floor sheet satisfied the requirements for floor sheets for Japanese railway vehicles. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of aroma compounds of Verdejo white wines from the La Mancha region by odour activity values
Authors: Sánchez‐Palomo E. , Gómez García‐Carpintero E. , Alonso‐Villegas R. , González‐Viñas M. A.
Published: July 2010

Vitis vinifera L.var. Verdejo is a new variety of Denomination of Origin La Mancha located in the Castilla–La Mancha region. It is considered one of the most important Spanish white young wines. Aroma compounds of Verdejo wines from the La Mancha region made from three oenological techniques – the standard method, prefermentative maceration and enzyme treatment – were studied in terms of odour activity values (OAVs). The OAVs for the different compounds were classified into seven odorant series that describe the aroma profile of these wines (1, fruity; 2, floral; 3, green/fresh; 4, sweet; 5, spice; 6, fatty; and 7, other odours). The total intensities for every aromatic series were calculated as the sum of the OAVs of each one of the compounds assigned to this series. The fruity and sweet series are the ones most strongly contributing to the aroma profile of Verdejo wines, independently of wine‐making technique, while the floral and green series in combination contribute in low proportions. According to the results, wines elaborated with skin contact and enzyme treatment showed higher values in the aromatic series than control wines. These results are in agreement with the mean scores given by the assessors in the sensory analysis of the wines elaborated by the different oenological techniques. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal arbitrage strategies on stock index futures under position limits
Authors: Dai Min , Zhong Yifei , Kwok Yue Kuen
Published: July 2010

Assuming the absence of market frictions, deterministic interest rates, and certainty in dividend payouts from the stocks in the index basket, an arbitrageur can lock in the profit of a positive (negative) arbitrage basis in a stock index futures by adopting a short (long) futures strategy. In addition, the arbitrageur may improve the arbitrage profit by adopting the so‐called early unwinding strategy of liquidating the position before maturity, or more aggressively from the long position directly to the short position or vice versa. In this study, we examine the optimal arbitrage strategies in stock index futures with position limits and transaction costs. In our analysis, the index arbitrage basis is assumed to follow the Brownian Bridge process. The model formulation of the option value functions leads to a coupled system of variational inequalities. We determine the values of the arbitrage opportunities and the optimal threshold values of the arbitrage basis at which the arbitrageur should optimally close an existing position or open a new index arbitrage position. In particular, we examine the impact of transaction costs on the index arbitrage strategies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 31:394–406, 2011
The information flow and market efficiency between the U.S. and Chinese aluminum and copper futures markets
Authors: Fung Hung‐Gay , “Wilson” Liu Qingfeng , Tse Yiuman
Published: July 2010

This study examines the information flow and market efficiency between the metallurgical futures markets of the United States and China over a ten‐year span from 1999 to 2009. There were structural breaks in the aluminum and copper futures price series for the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) and Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE) between 2006 and 2008. The New York and Shanghai markets are cointegrated, indicating an equilibrium relationship between the two markets. Trading strategies are implemented to explore the error‐correction process. The overall results show that U.S. and Shanghai futures prices are closely related and both markets are comparably efficient on a daily basis. The U.S. market does not appear to be more efficient than the Chinese market in incorporating information into prices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism at the Lanterman Range (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica)
Authors: Palmeri R. , Talarico F.M. , Ricci C.A.
Published: July 2010

Northern Victoria Land is a key area for the Ross Orogen—a Palaeozoic fold belt formed at the palaeo‐Pacific margin of Gondwana and also known as the Delamerian and Tyennan Orogeny in southern Australia, and Tasmania, respectively. A narrow and discontinuous high‐ to ultrahigh‐pressure (HP/UHP) belt, consisting of mafic and ultramafic rocks (including garnet‐bearing types) within a metasedimentary sequence of gneisses and quartzites, is exposed at the Lanterman Range (northern Victoria Land), at the boundary between two main lithotectonic terranes (the Wilson and Bowers terranes). Mesostructural and microstructural relations between eclogitic boudins and country gneisses are, in some areas, characterized by interlayering with sharp contacts on a cm scale. Geological, petrological and geochronological studies indicate that mafic, ultramafic and felsic host rocks underwent a common metamorphic evolution with an UHP eclogite–facies stage ≈ 500 Ma ago at temperatures of up to ≈ 850°C and pressures up to 3.3 GPa. The retrograde P–T path is similar and, indeed, it overlaps in every lithology; it is a nearly isothermal path from UHP conditions up to deep crustal levels, and becomes a cooling–unloading path from intermediate to shallow levels. The discovery of UHP rocks at the Lanterman Range yields eclogite–facies rocks of this area among the rare UHP rocks of the world and represents the only known locality in Antarctica and along the entire palaeo‐Pacific margin of Gondwana during the Ross–Delamerian–Tyennan Orogen. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.