bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking Barriers and Empowering Marginal Women Micro-Entrepreneurs in Kampala Central Division, Uganda for Sustainable Economic Growth: A Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Basemera Nestor , Manyire Henry , Omolo Fredrick Okalebo
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study examined urban barriers that hinder women’s micro enterprises both in starting and growing businesses in Kampala Central Division for empowerment and to examine suggestions to address the urban barriers that hinder women’s access and usage of the urban spaces for micro enterprises.
Methodology: The study utilized Lefebvre’s spatial Triad model of space theory and the Empowerment theory. The study employed a parallel mixed design that allowed the use of the survey and case study designs with several research methods that included questionnaire, observation, key informant interviews, literature review discussions, and cases. Key information was collected from five Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) officials and five local council leaders, who were purposively selected and 140 women entrepreneurs that participated in a survey through purposive and snowball sampling.
Findings: The study discovered, flaws and challenges that limited women from accessing the urban space to sell their items, which affected the empowerment process. The women cited limited start-up capital, high operational dues, stiff competition from other traders, difficulty in accessing the patriarchal urban space and increase in women’s workload which reduced productivity, among other challenges.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study provides an understanding on how poor women navigate urban barriers for micro entrepreneurship in a bid to get empowered. Urban enterprise has been promoted as an important poverty alleviation tool especially amongst women who constitute the majority of the poor. The findings will be used by policy makers to design better strategies of reaching out to the poor most especially women who constitute the majority.
Enhancing Employee Job Satisfaction in Public Sector Railways: A Data-Driven Analysis using Simulation and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Katta Ashok Kumar , V.T. Shailashri
Published: January 2025

Introduction & Reviews: This study explores employee job satisfaction within the South Central Railway (SCR), a key zone in Indian Railways, emphasizing the role of simulation and artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing workplace satisfaction. In complex, high-stress environments like railroads, employee well-being directly influences operational efficiency, safety, and service quality. By using simulation to model workplace conditions and AI for real-time feedback and predictive analysis job satisfaction, including stress management, career development, and recognition. The findings provide data-driven insights for SCR, offering actionable strategies to improve employee satisfaction, retention, and overall organizational performance.
Methodology: sample 211 SCR employees. Suitable sample style selected.
Results & Discussion: The independent sample t-test indicates similar perceptions of organizational factors among employees. KMO and Bartlett’s tests confirm the data's suitability, revealing significant relationships among variables affecting job satisfaction.
Conclusion: The study provides actionable insights for SCR management to help & improve employee satisfaction and engagement, ultimately reducing turnover and enhancing organizational performance.
"APPLICATIONS AND IMPLICATION OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN COMPOST "
Authors: Atiqullah Sarwari  , Abdieva Guljamal  , Abdul-Bari Hejran  , Mohammad Hassan Hassand
Published: January 2025

Compost is a combination of substances that is used to nourish plants and enhance the physical, chemical, and biological qualities of soil. It is frequently made by composting manure, organic waste, and plant and food waste. The resultant combination is full of nutrients for plants as well as healthy bacteria, protozoa, nematodes, and fungus. Compost increases soil fertility and decreases reliance on synthetic chemical fertilizers in organic farming, urban agriculture, horticulture, and gardening. Long-term overuse of chemical fertilizers has caused soil quality metrics such soil microbial biomass, communities, and nutrient content to deteriorate, which in turn impacts crop health, productivity, and soil sustainability. The purpose of this study was to accurately measure soil quality parameters through the application of manure compost and bacteria fertilizers or their combination during maize development in order to establish a quick and effective method for repairing deteriorated farmland soils. We looked at the dynamic effects on the variety of community structure, basal respiration, and microbial count and biomass in soil. Composting types: vermi-composting, windrow composting, aerated static pile composting and in-vessel. Organic waste has been managed for generations through the self-heating biological process of composting. The composting byproduct can be utilized as an organic fertilizer and soil additive in addition to handling organic waste. Over the years, composting research has advanced significantly, particularly in regards to expediting and enhancing the quality of compost. Recalcitrant organic pollutants are biodegraded by the various microbial communities found in composting materials. These three types of breakdowns include catabolism, total metabolism, and general extracellular oxidation.
Keywords: Microbial communities, compost, productivity, applications and implication.
Resultados de la indagación sobre la dimensión ambiental y la educación ambiental en la Universidad del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Alvear Narváez Nilsa Lorena , Barcia Rivera María Laura , Rengifo Gallego Luz Adriana , Urbano Pardo Mercy Lorena
Published: January 2025

El presente documento pone en evidencia la experiencia desarrollada en la Universidad del Cauca; busca indagar, reflexionar y hacer una aproximación exploratoria a cómo se aborda la dimensión ambiental y la inclusión de ésta en los programas académicos de dicha Universi-dad. Para ello, incluye una descripción en tres fases: i) Diagnóstico de la dimensión ambiental y los programas de formación o educación ambiental que ofrece la institución; ii) Curso-taller “Reflexiones sobre la educación ambiental y su rol en la Universidad”, y iii) Encuentro universitario de educación ambiental: “En la búsqueda de la identidad ambiental universita-ria”. Cada una de las fases comprende diferentes actividades, las cuales direccionan el com-promiso que tiene la institución con los procesos de formación profesional que tienen como eje articulador la educación ambiental.
maestro: su impacto más allá de lo académico
Authors: Mansur Garda Raquel , Posse Plancarte Ana , Ravelo Barba Ximena
Published: January 2025

La educación socioemocional es un tema que con el tiempo ha cobrado mayor importancia a raíz del reconocimiento del papel que tiene la inteligencia emocional en el ámbito del aprendizaje. Esto implica reconocer la existencia y la importancia de las emociones, pues durante mucho tiempo se ha privilegiado la educación de la razón por encima de la emoción; sin embargo, no podemos hablar de una sin reconocer la otra. El maestro, como líder socioemocional, debe ser consciente de que es él quien puede lograr un impacto positivo no sólo en la formación académica, sino también en el desarrollo emocional de los estudiantes: ¿cómo lograrlo? En este artículo, además de hablar de la importancia de la educación socioemocional, se plantean estrategias para que el maestro tenga un crecimiento personal a la par de guiar a sus estudiantes en su propio proceso desde el aula.
consejería alimentaria nutricional en experiencias simuladas. Lecciones que dejó la pandemia
Authors: Martina Maldini Daniela Verónica , Scruzzi Pino Graciela Fabiana , Eppens Quiroga María Eugenia , Ruatta Costamagna Noelia Ángela
Published: January 2025

La simulación fue una estrategia educativa central en la pandemia al ser una herramienta útil en la pospandemia para experiencias prácticas de estudiantes de nutrición. En este trabajo se expone un estudio cuasi experimental con 334 estudiantes divididos en dos grupos: Grupo A- Práctica simulada (N=193) y B- Práctica en territorio y simulada (N=141). A partir de la autovaloración de los estudiantes, se analizaron tres aspectos de la consejería: habilidades comunicacionales transversales (HCT); explicación de la situación encontrada y análisis de factores causales, con enfoque plus delta (Puntaje 1: buen desarrollo de la acción evaluada. Puntaje 0: necesita mejorar); con un puntaje esperado de 23 puntos; para esto, se realizaron los test T y Kruskal-Wallis (NC 95 %). Los ítems con mayor puntaje en ambos grupos fueron actitud de escucha, facilitar la comodidad del usuario, crear confianza y análisis alimentario.No se observaron diferencias en HCT ni en análisis de factores causales; pero el Grupo A tuvo menor puntaje en la explicación de la situación encontrada. La media en el puntaje total obtenido fue significativamente mayor en el Grupo B 1522 (±363) con relación al Grupo A 14.41 (±3.74) (p=0.024). A partir de esta experiencia consideramos que la simulación constituye un aporte válido para la construcción de habilidades comunicacionales de futuros profesionales en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, más aún cuando pueden combinarse con la práctica en territorio.
Discovering Practical Insights with Supervised Machine Learning
Authors: Mr. Parvej Ikbal Shaikh  , Mrs. Shradha Balasaheb Linge
Published: January 2025

Machine Learning Algorithms are subset of artificial intelligence that enable computer to learn from data without being explicitly programmed. Supervised Learning Algorithm is a category of Machine Learning that uses labelled dataset to train algorithms to predict outcomes and recognize pattern. Types of Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm are Linear Regression, Softmax Regression, K-Nearest Neighbour, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines, etc. We can enhance decision-making processes, optimize resource allocation and unlock new predictive modelling and automation. Cancer is a complex disease with diverse etiology and outcomes. Early detection and accurate prediction of cancer can reduce the risk and is helpful to cure disease by giving effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. In recent years, machine learning algorithms have shown promising results in cancer prediction by analysing various biomedical data sources such as genetic, clinical, and imaging data. This study aims to develop a predictive model for cancer occurrence using machine learning techniques
Estudio volumétrico de las canteras romanas de Rodadero de los Lobos – cortijo Piquín (sierra de Córdoba) mediante UAV LiDAR
Authors: Moreno Escribano Juan Carlos , Monterroso Checa Antonio , Gasparini Massimo , Loza Azuaga María Luisa , Ontiveros Ortega Esther , Beltrán Fortes José , Becerra Fernández Daniel
Published: January 2025

Highlights:

La tecnología UAV-LiDAR ha permitido la prospección de restosarqueológicos en zonas serranas abruptas,así como la planificación deprospecciones futuras.
La prospección teledetectiva ha añadido datos cuantitativos querefuerzan la importancia de las canteras del Rodadero de los Lobos enel abastecimiento de material pétreo.
Se han podido así investigar, por vez primera, las técnicas deextracción minera, volumen y cauces de salida del material en laserranía de Córdoba gracias a la teledetección

Resumen:
Este artículo se centra en el análisis de los diferentes frentes de extracción de las canteras del material lapídeo conocidas con el nombre de Rodadero de los Lobos, ubicadas en la propiedad actual llamada cortijo Piquín (Córdoba, España). La técnica utilizada ha sido el sistema Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) desde Vehículo Aéreo No Tripulado (UAV). La prospección mediante el sensor LiDAR ha permitido la captura de datos de la superficie del terreno, hasta este momento inéditos, debido a lo escarpado del mismo y la frondosidad de la vegetación, que dificultan la prospección superficial. Los resultados se han estudiado en entornos digitales y se han detectado cinco zonas que presentan anomalías, y en las que es posible suponer la presencia de otros tantos frentes de cantera, así como la extensión de éstos en el terreno. El análisis de los datos nos ha permitido cuantificar de forma aproximada el volumen de materiales extraídos. La información obtenida ha facilitado conocer y precisar mejor la envergadura de la explotación de estos recursos naturales usados desde la antigüedad y demostrar que, efectivamente, estamos ante uno de los mayores recursos de abastecimiento pétreo de la Sierra de Córdoba. No obstante, y a pesar de la importancia que tuvo la explotación y el uso de las rocas ornamentales del sector de Ossa-Morena, hasta el momento había sido muy irrisoria la investigación sobre la explotación de canteras en época antigua en la Sierra de Córdoba, debido, fundamentalmente, a la inaccesibilidad orográfica. Por tanto, si se compara con Sevilla, Málaga y Huelva, provincias con amplios estudios por no existir este problema de accesibilidad, este trabajo cobra una gran importancia.
Das bewegte uns im Jahr 2024
Authors: Hochwarth Dominik
Published: January 2025

Onlinefundus: Unsichere Airlines, Kometen, Balkonkraftwerke – wir haben uns angeschaut, was unsere Leserinnen und Leser auf dem Webportal ingenieur.de des VDI-Verlags im Jahr 2024 am meisten bewegte. Von Dominik Hochwarth
Edeka und Rewe locken mit viel Rabatt
Authors: Tewes Werner , Hebben Miriam , Hofmann Janine
Published: January 2025

Zum Start ihrer Bonusprogramme investieren die Vollsortimenter in Werbung und Preise. Primus Edeka will mit Payback endlich wieder Marktanteile gewinnen.
„Die Supermärkte haben nicht viel übrig“
Authors: Busche Jenny
Published: January 2025

Die Tafeln in Deutschland befinden sich nach den Worten ihres Vorsitzenden Andreas Steppuhn im Krisenmodus. Sie unterstützen derzeit etwa 1,6 Millionen Menschen: Das sind 50 Prozent mehr als vor Beginn des Krieges in der Ukraine. Gleichzeitig gehen die Spenden zurück.
Preise für Lebensmittel steigen
Authors: Schulz Hans-Jürgen , Lattmann Christian
Published: January 2025

Auch wenn Aldi und die übrigen Discounter gerne mit Preissenkungen werben – das Gesamtniveau im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel steigt stetig. Weitere Erhöhungen stehen im Frühjahr an.
Sanierer Rabe verlässt Dalli
Authors: Ingelmann Anja
Published: January 2025

Joachim Rabe sieht seine Mission bei Dalli erfüllt. Seine Aufgaben übernimmt ab sofort der bisherige COO Christoph Osegowitsch. Er will den eingeschlagenen Kurs fortsetzen.
Frostkrone sucht Investoren
Authors: Sachsenröder Delphine
Published: January 2025

Der Tiefkühlkost-Konzern Frostkrone hält nach Angaben aus dem Unternehmensbeirat Ausschau nach einem neuen Großinvestor. Die Fondsgesellschaft Emeram bereitet demnach ihren Exit vor.
Liebe sieht anders aus
Authors: Murmann Christoph
Published: January 2025

FrieslandCampina beendet eine lange Phase der Defensive. Mit der geplanten Übernahme von Milcobel würde der niederländische Milchriese seine schwindende Rohstoffbasis und die Marktposition stärken, sich zugleich aber Probleme ins Haus holen.
Meldepflicht für Labore bereitet Sorge
Authors: Falker Gerrit-Milena
Published: January 2025

Unternehmenseigene Labore sollen künftig einer strikteren Meldepflicht unterliegen. Mit dieser Hiobsbotschaft schreckt das BMEL die Wirtschaft auf.
Balsamico-Streit beendet
Authors: Falker Gerrit-Milena
Published: January 2025

Ein Beschluss des BVerfG zur Reichweite der geografischen Angabe „Aceto Balsamico di Modena“ markiert den Schlussstrich unter einen jahrelangen Zwist.
„Keine Kompromisse“
Authors: Nissen Madeleine , Ingelmann Anja
Published: January 2025

Tina Müller verliert keine Zeit an der Spitze von Weleda. Logo, Produkte und Design – alles neu. Die ehemalige Douglas-Chefin will mit einer luxuriösen Linie noch dieses Jahr in die Parfümerien.
Zwei Programme, zwei Wege
Authors: Konrad Jörg , Becker Jessica
Published: January 2025

Seit dem Jahreswechsel bewirbt Rewe das eigene Kundenbindungsprogramm „Rewe Bonus“ mit einer groß angelegten Kampagne. Die Discountschwester Penny zieht die Payback-Nachfolge dagegen anders auf.
Jedinstveni sistem brze suspenzije naziva internet domena (URS): o razlozima jednog (ne)očekivanog podbačaja
Authors: Popović Dušan V.
Published: January 2025

The implementation of the new program of unrestricted registration of generic top level domain names, introduced by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) in 2011, was coupled with the adoption of new mechanisms for the protection of IP owners. The Uniform Rapid Suspension System (URS), a new alternative dispute resolution system, was one of those mechanisms introduced by ICANN. Following the analysis of the major characteristics of the new ADR system, the author explores the reasons for its underperformance. The statistics gathered by the URS accredited centers and the ICANN indicates that trademark owners are hesitant to make use of this new alternative dispute resolution mechanism. The author considers that there are at least four reasons for URS’ underperformance, compared to the UDRP: (1) the difference in the first substantive criterion: while the UDRP applies broadly to any trademark in which the complainant has rights, the URS is much more limited; (2) URS is only intended for use in “clear cases of trademark abuse”, while UDRP decisions have established a much lower evidentiary standard; (3) URS proceedings is strictly limited to the contents of the complaint and response, while UDRP providers and panels sometimes allow supplemental filings; (4) URS only allows for the temporary suspension of a disputed domain name, while UDRP allows for a cancellation or transfer of a domain name.
Specifičnosti režima odgovornosti internet posrednika za povredu žiga u pravu SAD i EU
Authors: Ćeranić Jelena
Published: January 2025

The question of the Internet intermediaries’ liability for trademark infringement is very complex, inter alia, due to differences between the online platforms and different ways of using trademarks on the Internet. The trademark infringements on the Internet occur most often on auction sites and search engines. The paper focuses on secondary liability of internet intermediaries for trademark infringements, while the primary liability of the online platform is only mentioned in the paper. In the United States, the liability of internet intermediaries is regulated differently, depending on the matter of the infringement (trademark, copyright or other right). When it comes to the trademark infringement, the conditions of liability and immunity (the so-called “safe harbor” regime) are defined by US courts. The European Union has, however, decided to tackle the issue of secondary liability of internet intermediaries in a so-called horizontal manner – that is drafting the safe harbors to cover intermediaries’ liability for any kind of unlawful content provided by their users. The umbrella act in this area is the E-Commerce Directive, which for many aspects of liability refers to the national law of the EU Member States. Accordingly, the question of the liability of internet intermediaries is not unirorm within the EU. In this paper, the liability of internet intermediaries for trademark infringements in US law will be analyzed through the prism of the US case law, while the liability of the internet intermediaries for a trademark infringement in EU law will be considered on the basis of the E-Commerce Directive, with a brief overview of the case law of certain EU Member States.
Upotreba ODR tehnika u rešavanju sporova povodom registracije naziva internet domena
Authors: Jovanović Marko
Published: January 2025

The Internet technology has permeated numerous aspects of social life, including the settlement of disputes. As a result of the connection between the technology and law, some new techniques and methods of online dispte resolution (ODR) have emerged. One of these ODR methods is the procedure for settlement of domain name disputes. The paper presents and discusses the fundamental principles of ODR, describes the main techniques and methods of ODR and then examines the use of specific ODR techniques in the procedure for settlement of domain name disputes, both in the system of UDRP and in Serbia. The analyses give ground to the conclusion that the use of ODR techniques has rendered the dispute settlement procedure more expeditious and less costly. Likewise, there is still room for further use of ODR techniques. Namely, some already existing techniques can be integrated in some stages of the procedure, such as the constitution of the panel, while the advance in the field of technology and science may produce some new ODR techniques that could be used in future reforms of the domain name dispute settlement procedure.
Autorskopravni aspekti digitalizacije kulturne baštine
Authors: Ivanović Svjetlana
Published: January 2025

Digitisation of cultural heritage is carried out with the aim of preserving digitized content for future generations and communication to the public through the Internet. Most of the works that are digitized are subject to copyright protection, so copyright law often appears as an obstacle to the digitization process. In terms of copyright law, digitisation means reproduction of works and communication to public, including making available. These are the exclusive rights of the rightholder, which may be limited in the public interest. The paper analyzes certain copyright exceptions and limitations which are prescribed in favour of cultural heritage institutions, such as libraries, museums and archives. Limitations and exceptions are analyzed from the point of view of Information Society Directive and in the light of future copyright reform and Proposal for a Directive on copyright in Digital Single Market. Particular attention has been paid to the problem of digitization of orphan works and out-ofcommerce works and to extended collective licensing as a potential solution of problem.
Pravo na zaborav – pravni i računarski aspekti
Authors: Mišković Maša
Published: January 2025

In this paper the author discusses how Google works as a search engine: what happens when a certain personal data is entered into a search engine for search purposes, and how search results are obtained. Regarding this question the author considers the right to be forgotten – whether it is possible and in what way to „remove“ the search results in such a way that the person remaines unrearchable by name and surname or some other personal data. It should be pointed out whether removing the search results means complete erasure of the data or, after all, it is only a matter of searchability – the search results are not displayed, but the data remains on the specific web pages. The right to be forgotten is established by the judgement of the European Court of Justice in the case Google v. Spain, in which it has been pointed out that individuals are entitled to make a request directly to Google (or any other Internet search engine) to erase links and content from its search engine. This paper explains what the right to be forgotten means in the computer sense, i.e. how this right is realized in computational way. The theoretical focus of the right to be forgotten is also the legal aspect, which explains how this right can be exercised by making a request to the data controller. In addition, the author analyzes certain controversial issues regarding the exercise of the right to be forgotten: whether the exercise of this right restricts the freedom of expression, whether the Internet browser is liable for the appearance of personal data in search results, as well as the question of geographical scope of the right to be forgoten.The right to be forgotten, which was firstly explicitly established in case law, is now regulated by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
The relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes and systemic immune inflammation indices
Authors: Gürbüz Tuğba , Ayar Madenli Asena , Çetiner Serap
Published: January 2025

Aims: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) displays chronic, low-grade inflammation characterized by an enhanced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the extent of systemic inflammation and its variations across different PCOS phenotypes has not been sufficiently characterized. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence and phenotypes of PCOS and systemic immune inflammation (SII) and response (SIRI) indices.
Methods: A total of 310 newly diagnosed PCOS patients and 105 healthy premenopausal women were included in this retrospective study. PCOS were categorized into four distinct phenotypes: phenotype A [hyperandrogenism (HA), oligomenorrhea (OA), and polycystic ovaries (PCO)], phenotype B (HA and OA), phenotype C (HA and PCO), and phenotype D (OA and PCO).
Results: Median SII and SIRI were higher in patients with PCOS than control group. The androgenic phenotypes group, specifically Phenotype A, exhibited elevated levels of SII and SIRI compared to the non-androgenic phenotype group. There was a positive correlation between these indices and hormonal parameters and insulin resistance. These relationships were particularly pronounced in the phenotype A group. Increased SIRI was an independent predictor of PCOS fold (OR = 1.08, p < 0.001). In distinguishing the androgenic phenotypes from the non-androgenic phenotypes, the threshold value of the SIRI was found to be >1.1 with 67.1% sensitivity and 81.2% specificity. It was incapable of distinguishing phenotype B from Phenotype C, but it was found successful in predicting phenotype A among all phenotypes.
Conclusion: Elevated SII and SIRI levels were associated with the presence of PCOS and its phenotypes, particularly phenotype A. SIRI demonstrated potential as a screening tool for phenotypic discrimination of PCOS, beyond predicting its presence.
Effects of yoga exercise in the postpartum period on physical and psychological health
Authors: Aydemir Gizem , Döner Şerife İrem , Uğurlu Meltem
Published: January 2025

Women may experience many physical and psychological problems in the postpartum period. She prefers non-pharmacological interventions in solving problems, thinking that pharmacological interventions may harm her and her babies' health. Since physical and psychological problems affect each other, it is important to provide holistic interventions to solve problems. Yoga stands out as an adaptable, comfortable and accessible method that can provide women with a holistic physical, mental and spiritual recovery in the postpartum period. Increased blood flow and strengthening of the muscles with yoga in the postpartum period improves abdominal strength, muscle endurance, coordination and also provides flexibility and balance. Blood flow to the pelvic floor and strengthening of the muscles accelerate the healing and involution of the perineum. Exercises stimulate the hormones oxytocin and prolactin, increase breast milk production and reduce breastfeeding problems. In addition to its physical effects, such as reducing postpartum weight by increasing basal metabolic rate, yoga provides psychological healing and increases bonding. Yoga is in the category of moderate-intensity exercises recommended in the postpartum period and can be practiced safely by women. This review aims to guide health professionals and mothers by examining the benefits of yoga practices started in the postpartum period. In addition, it aims to evaluate existing studies on yoga practices in the postpartum period and to contribute to the literature by compiling information.
Flint during the Model Cities Era
Authors: Davis Katrinell M.
Published: January 2025

The efforts to forge inter-racial coalitions in Flint are chronicled in this chapter. Davis provides evidence of the ways in which Model City initiatives failed to promote social fairness, infrastructure development, and economic stability in Flint. It foreshadows the end of progress in attempts to construct the city’s infrastructure and the breakdown of relations between citizens and city officials, while also offering the possibility of fresh beginnings in the fields of urban development.
Turning a Cold Shoulder
Authors: Davis Katrinell M.
Published: January 2025

This chapter begins by outlining Flint’s past challenges with contaminated public water before addressing the city’s current problems with water quality and expenses. Davis then calls attention to the efforts of local authorities and regulatory bodies to conceal the effects of the water source change. Davis also demonstrates the tremendous efforts made by community leaders and groups to draw attention to the community’s worries about the expense and quality of the water, in spite of efforts by local and state officials to persuade the public that the water was safe.
A Tale of Two Flints
Authors: Davis Katrinell M.
Published: January 2025

In this chapter, Davis focuses on the divergent views that Flint’s citizens held prior to their being able to obtain independent proof of water contamination. There were those on one side of the debate who thought the water situation was a serious problem. On the other hand, several locals thought the water situation was overstated and did not consider it to be a serious threat right now. Her first interview was with Bill Hammond, the head of the neighborhood organization Flint Neighborhoods United. Melissa Mays, the creator of Water You Fighting For, was the subject of the second interview. While Mays talked about the problems with the health of the populace, the rising cost of water, and her dissatisfaction with the lack of community support, Hammond believed the problem was overexaggerated to overshadow the already existing issues within the city.
Free Joan Little
Authors: Greene Christina
Published: January 2025

In 1974, Joan Little, a poor, young Black woman faced a possible death sentence after defending herself against sexual assault by a white male jailer in a rural North Carolina jail. Local and national figures took up Little’s case, protesting her innocence. After a five-week trial Little was acquitted. But the case stirred debate about a woman’s right to use deadly force to resist sexual violence; and it shone a light on racially discriminatory jury selection and capital punishment practices. Through the prism of Little’s rape-murder trial and the Free Joan Little campaign, this book explores the intersecting histories of African American women, mass incarceration, sexual violence, and social movements of the 1970s and 1980s. The book argues that Little’s circumstances and experiences in the criminal legal system prior to her celebrated victory in the rape-murder trial were shaped by unprecedented increases in federal financing of local law enforcement and a decades-long criminalization of Blackness. The book also reveals tensions among Little’s defenders; the emergence of multi-racial coalitions to combat sexual violence; and uncovers Black women’s intersectional politics which linked women’s prison protest and anti-rape activism with broader struggles for economic and political justice.
Joanne Is You … Joanne Is Me!
Authors: Greene Christina
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores competing representations of Joan Little and Black womanhood more generally by Little’s defense attorneys Jerry Paul and Karen Galloway (Bethea-Shields) both inside and outside the courtroom; by the prosecution; and by Little’s broad array of supporters and detractors. Little’s attorneys turned to respectability politics and invoked the legendary Rosa Parks, while others crafted a universal Everywoman to build broad support for Little’s defense. Even artists lent their efforts, including the Black women’s a cappella group, “Sweet Honey in the Rock,” which released a fundraising recording, “Joanne Little.”
The Police Would Follow Our Van as We Picked Up Kids
Authors: Greene Christina
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores Black Power and the expansion of the prison movement in the 1960s and 1970s, focusing on Larry Little (no relation to Joan Little), founder of the Winston-Salem, North Carolina Black Panther Party and a leader in the Free Joan Little Campaign. The chapter examines how the historic “condemnation of blackness” was recast in “tough on crime” rhetoric and harsh penal policies reflected in the 1965 Law Enforcement Assistant Act (LEAA); and the FBI’s Counter-Intelligence Program (COINTELPRO) which often worked with local police in North Carolina and across the country to illegally target Black Power groups and civil rights activists. The emergence of the prison abolition movement in the 1970s; key U.S. Supreme Court cases and legislation including the Ruiz v. Estelle case; the Furman v. Georgia decision; and the 1996 Prison Litigation Reform Act are also addressed. Following the Furman decision, North Carolina amended its capital punishment statute in 1973 to mandate the death penalty for all first-degree murder convictions. Under the revised statute, Joan Little would have faced mandatory execution in the state’s gas chamber had she been convicted.
Slaves of the State
Authors: Greene Christina
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines the rise of 1960s-1980s prison activism, with a focus on the 1968 deadly prisoner protest at the men’s Central Prison in Raleigh, N.C.; the formation of the multi-racial North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union (NCPLU), the first such group in the South, and the North Carolina Coalition Against the Death Penalty; the National Alliance Against Racist and Political Repression demonstration outside Central Prison; and the 1977 U.S. Supreme Court Jones v. NCPLU decision that hastened the NCPLU’s demise. Justice Thurgood Marshall’s dissent called the majority ruling a reaffirmation of the “discredited” 1871 Ruffin v. Commonwealth case in which a Virginia court ruled that prisoners were “slaves of the state” and entitled to few rights. While most media and scholarly attention has highlighted men’s prison protest, women prisoners rebelled too. Women on both sides of the prison walls also supported male prisoners, especially high-profile political prisoners such as George Jackson, and men’s prison uprisings, particularly the 1971 Attica Prison revolt, which often inspired their own efforts. Two “free” women, Robbie Purner and attorney Deborah Mailman, were indispensable to the NCPLU; and the NCPLU newsletter, edited by Purner, publicized Joan Little’s case and conditions at other women’s prisons.
We Will Savor the Sweetness of Freedom
Authors: Greene Christina
Published: January 2025

The chapter examines prison writing, especially by ordinary women prisoners, and the power of the word to enhance prisoner communication, politicization, and protest. While most analyses of Black prisoner intellectuals and writers have focused on men, from Martin Luther King Jr. to George Jackson, or on national female figures like Angela Davis, ordinary women, like Joan Little and the NCCCW prisoners, also put pen to paper. The chapter surveys the history of U.S. prison writing; the rise of prison libraries in the 19th century; the mid-20th century bibliotherapy movement; prison censorship; and the important role of print culture - especially radical African American newspapers, and prison, feminist, and lesbian publications - in prison organizing in the 1960s and 1970s. The chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the 1976 prisoner publication, Break de Chains of Legalized U$ Slavery, which featured sketches, poems, and political analyses by incarnated women at the North Carolina Correctional Center for Women.
The 1994 Crime Bill and the Violence Against Women Act
Authors: Greene Christina
Published: January 2025

The epilogue returns to the unlikely comparison between Joan Little and Rosa Parks, revealing some surprising commonalities between them. Twenty years after Little’s indictment on first degree murder charges, Congress passed the 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, which included the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA). Despite the VAWA’s groundbreaking benefits for women, Black women and other feminists then and more recently have critiqued this legislation, especially the Crime Bill’s dire impact on the mass incarceration of Black and brown bodies already underway, and the “unintended consequences” of the VAWA. The epilogue summarizes the Prison Rape Elimination Act; North Carolina’s Racial Justice Act; and recent activities of the women featured in the book. It notes some of the current struggles across the country against an expanding carceral state, especially among Black female prison abolitionists, who frequently link the battle against sexual violence to other forms of state violence. These efforts are considered within the context of rising anti-democratic, racist, and misogynist forces that imperil the future of the nation’s admittedly flawed democratic institutions. Nevertheless, a new generation, in partnership with seasoned activists, remains undeterred, embraces radical hope, and beckons us with ever-bolder dreams of freedom.
Circumscribing Civilization
Authors: Johnson Janiece
Published: January 2025

In the nineteenth century American civilization was understood to be white. People across the country saw Mountain Meadows as unparalleled or exceptional—white men would never do such a thing. While this played on question of Mormon whiteness, it likewise overlooked numerous atrocities perpetuated by other white militia usually concealed under a rubric of war. Both the legal prosecution of the massacre and the larger Mountain Meadows narrative focused on the non-Whiteness of Mormons, both contesting their whiteness as well as highlighting their duplicity. Ironically, this racialization simultaneously opened the way for Latter-day Saint redemption in the American Empire.
Soap and Work
Authors: Shepherd Lauren Lassabe
Published: January 2025

This chapter situates American higher education in the context of national political debates regarding the Vietnam War and the civil rights movement, discusses college student demographics of the 1960s and 1970s, and introduces the ideological contours of the New Left and the New Right, including Black conservatives and women conservatives. An examination of federal spending for university defense research and weapons development explains faculty and administrative imperatives to repress the antiwar movement’s dissent on campus.
Chapter One
Authors: Masters Marc
Published: January 2025

The cassette tape was dangerous from the start. Record industry gatekeepers demonized it as a tool of theft, arguing that copying their music robbed them of sales. But people did it anyway-and the format spread quickly after it was invented in 1963. It was an outgrowth of the mid-century invention of magnetic tape, but the compact cassette offered the cheapest, easiest to use, and most portable version, making it a consumer juggernaut. Soon inventions like the Walkman and the Boombox made music portable, and the 4-track cassette recorder became a virtual home studio, so artists could make music without paying for expensive studios and distribute it without having to get the approval of industry moguls. All of these advancements made waves in popular culture, as the personalization and portability of cassettes turned music fandom into an expression of personality and even a physical appendage.
Chapter Five
Authors: Masters Marc
Published: January 2025

As huge as the cassette tape’s impact was in the West, it was possibly even greater elsewhere. In many countries, before the cassette came along, the music industry was dominated by a few large corporations subject to state control. Opportunities for artists and producers to spread their music without using conventional channels or expensive promotion were rare. The cassette tape changed all that. The inexpensive nature of tapes, recording equipment, dubbing decks, and everything else associated with the format meant that almost anyone could produce and release music. Tapes could circulate quickly without advertising or airplay, via word of mouth and loudspeakers blaring from kiosks, boom boxes, and taxis cruising the streets. Regional styles that would never have been heard outside their hometowns were passed around countries and the globe via the cassette tape. To this day, hunters like Mark Gergis, Alan Bishop, and Brian Shimkovitz are unearthing this living archive of non-Western music from dusty bins in Syria, Africa, Iran, and more, resurrecting history and exposing artists to new audiences.
Chapter Seven
Authors: Masters Marc
Published: January 2025

The death of the cassette tape has been predicted, feared, and pontificated about for decades. Yet the format has survived and, recently, thrived – especially for smaller, independent artists and labels, for whom cassette tape is a cheaper, faster option to sell and distribute music than the more expensive process of pressing vinyl. Many cassette-only labels sprung up in the 00’s and 10’s, offering their fans a way to directly support them and buy physical objects without breaking their banks. For some, tapes are an alternative to the algorithm-influenced listening of services such as Spotify and YouTube, their low financial returns for artists, and the sterile, impersonal experience of listening to music on a computer or a phone. The cassette tape may never return to its 1980s heyday, but it has an uncanny ability to rise from its grave time and again. And the connections the cassette tape makes can’t be severed by advances in technology or even the passage of time.
Gotham's War within a War
Authors: Brooks Emily M.
Published: January 2025

A surprising history unfolded in New Deal– and World War II–era New York City under Mayor Fiorello La Guardia. Throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, members of the NYPD had worked to enforce partisan political power rather than focus on crime. That changed when La Guardia took office in 1934 and shifted the city's priorities toward liberal reform. La Guardia's approach to low-level policing anticipated later trends in law enforcement, including "broken windows" theory and "stop and frisk" policy. Police officers worked to preserve urban order by controlling vice, including juvenile delinquency, prostitution, gambling, and the "disorderly" establishments that officials believed housed these activities. This mode of policing was central to La Guardia's influential vision of urban governance, but it was met with resistance from the Black New Yorkers, youth, and working-class women it primarily targeted. The mobilization for World War II introduced new opportunities for the NYPD to intensify policing and criminalize these groups with federal support. In the 1930s these communities were framed as perils to urban order; during the militarized war years, they became a supposed threat to national security itself. Emily M. Brooks recasts the evolution of urban policing by revealing that the rise of law-and-order liberalism was inseparable from the surveillance, militarism, and nationalism of war.
Introduction
Authors: Brooks Emily M.
Published: January 2025

This opening section introduces readers to New York City’s most famous reform mayor, Fiorello La Guardia, and his police commissioner, Lewis Valentine. It articulates the book’s argument that in the 1930s and 1940s the two municipal leaders crafted a new direction for the New York City Police Department that proved central to La Guardia’s vision of urban politics and to mid-twentieth century liberalism more broadly. Though this new form of policing was presented as more equitable than the corrupt practices that it replaced, it proved deeply reliant on criminalizing New Yorkers based on their social identities of race, gender, age, and class. The militarism and nationalism of World War II introduced new opportunities to further intensify these modes of criminalization and surveillance. The introduction also discuss the ways the book will explore resistance from criminalized groups and articulates the book’s interventions in disciplines of African American history and women’s history and gender history.
Gamblers Warned to Work or Fight
Authors: Brooks Emily M.
Published: January 2025

This chapter considers the racialized ways that men were policed for gambling in New York City before and during World War II. It explores Fiorello La Guardia and Lewis Valentine’s campaigns against gambling and organized crime and considers how these crackdowns targeted policy gambling in Black communities. The chapter argues that with the mobilization for World War II and the military draft the NYPD adopted more lenient policies toward policing soldiers and sailors for gambling, while becoming increasingly harsh toward civilian male gamblers who were seen as neglecting their duty of contributing to the war effort. The NYPD did not apply this leniency, however, to Black soldiers, and the chapter explores an episode on Staten Island where Black soldiers were heavily criminalized.
Conclusion
Authors: Brooks Emily M.
Published: January 2025

This conclusion uses the Broadway show On the Town as a way to contrast a cultural fantasy of World War II-era New York City with the reality. It considers the afterlives and influence of the anti-vice policing that Fiorello La Guardia and Lewis Valentine pushed throughout the war and contends that policing in the city gained urgency and support from the national wartime emergency. It argues that the liberal law-and-order framework that La Guardia and Valentine crafted remains influential in municipal governance today, to the detriment of a robust or equitable urban public life.
IMPLEMENTASI KOMITMEN BERAGAMA: PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADA WARGA TAMBUN SELATAN, BEKASI
Authors: Santoso Ayu Meryka , Marsha Gladis Corinna , Nafi’ah Khotimatun
Published: January 2025

Penumpukan sampah di berbagai tempat dapat memicu penyebaran virus penyakit dan bencana banjir, khususnya di Bekasi. Sementara, ajaran agama mendorong untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan. Komitmen beragama menjadi penting dalam mewujudkan kesadaran dan konsistensi masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui imlementasi komitmen beragama dalam pemanfaatan sampah plastik pada warga Tambun Selatan, Bekasi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian sebanyak lima orang dengan kriteria warga di area Tambun Selatan, Bekasi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner wawancara terstruktur. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa warga Tambun Selatan, Bekasi mewujudkan komitmen beragama melalui kegiatan pengelolaan sampah organik dan non-organik. Sampah plastik dijual dan dana terkumpul digunakan untuk membantu sesama termasuk yang terdampak bencana banjir dan kegiatan kebersamaan warga setempat. Warga memahami akan ajaran agama sebagai dasar dalam berbuat kemanfaatan melalui pengelolaan sampah dan pemanfaatan hasil pengelolaan untuk tujuan yang bermanfaat. Hal ini menumbuhkan perasaan senang yang pada gilirannya menjadikan motivasi dalam membantu sesama, baik dalam memudahkan petugas sampah untuk pengelolaannya maupun dalam membantu finansial orang lain. Warga juga memiliki kesadaran kreativitas untuk mengembangkan pengelolaan sampah dalam bentuk daur ulang pupuk kompos dan berbagai bentuk kerajinan.