bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceleration Mechanism of Triethanolamine in Electroless Bath for Pure Cobalt Deposition
Authors: Shen Yu , Guo Jiayi , Wang Lu , Han Huizhen , Ma Yi , Xin Bo , Wang Zenglin
Published: November 2023

The utilization of hydrazine as a reducing agent in the electroless cobalt bath is indispensable for the application of pure cobalt film fabrication in ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI). However, the deposition rate using the ordinary coating bath is relatively low. After conducting numerous experiments in this study, we have made a groundbreaking discovery: the deposition rate of electroless plating pure cobalt bath can be significantly increased from less than 1.0 μ·h−1 to more than 5.0 μ·h−1 by adding triethanolamine (TEA) as an accelerator. This remarkable finding greatly enhances the practical value of the electroless cobalt plating bath and enables its application in microholes filling of cobalt interconnect lines below 10 nm. According to the results of linear sweep voltammetry and mixed potential theory, the addition of TEA essentially forms [Co(C6H5O7)(TEA)2]2
2− complex with more feasible reductivity than that of the [Co(C6H5O7)(H2O)]2
2− in the ordinary plating bath and the cobalt center is favorable to be released under the electroless reduction attack to the unstably strong steric hindrance of TEA, which significantly increases the reduction current of Co(II) ions. After the further optimization of pH, temperature and annealing process, not only does resistivity decrease to 12.1 μΩ·cm, but also the surface morphology and crystallinity improve significantly. Therefore, an applicable electroless cobalt plating protocol with a moderate deposition rate is obtained.
Investigating the Electro-Kinetics and Long-Term Solubility of Vanadium Electrolyte in the Presence of Inorganic Additives
Authors: Nguyen Oanh Hoang , Iyapazham Vaigunda Suba Prathap , Shoaib Muhammad , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: November 2023

With the ever-growing energy storage demands for electrical grids, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), a stellar candidate, need continuous cost, cyclability, and energy density improvement. The VRFB tend to lose vanadium from electrolyte solutions due to the precipitation of V2O5 during charging, resulting in a significant loss of energy density. We monitored the solubility and electrochemical characteristics of vanadium electrolyte solutions with V2O5 as the starting material in the presence of different additives, namely HCl and MSA (methanesulfonic acid), for over three months. On average, the ionic conductivity of solutions with additives was 50 mS higher than that of without additives. Additives also improved the electrochemical performance and lowered charge transfer resistance. UV/Vis and Raman spectroscopy were utilized, and a reaction mechanism responsible for improved conductivity and kinetics was proposed.
Co9S8-FeCoS2 Two-Phase Nanoparticles Anchored in N, S Co-Doped Honeycomb Carbon Spheres as Highly Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Catalyst
Authors: Li Guang , Sheng Kuang , Lei Yu , Zhang Feng , Yang Juan , Wu Tianjing , Zheng Liping , Wang Xianyou
Published: November 2023

Transition metal sulfides (TMS) are considered as candidate oxygen redox catalysts (OER/ORR) due to their high catalytic activity and reversible redox performance. The OER/ORR performance for TMS can be further improved through the multi-doped electrochemical active sites provided by the dual-metallic (Co,Fe) and dual-nonmetallic species (N,S). Herein, a Co9S8-FeCoS2 two-phase nanoparticle anchored in N, S co-doped honeycomb carbon sphere ((Co,Fe)S@N,S-HCS) is synthesized by a multistep process template method. It has been found that the (Co,Fe)S@N,S-HCS possesses a mesoporous structure with a highly graphitized carbon along with the key OER active site of Co9S8 and the major ORR active center of FeCoS2. Also, the synergistic effect of Co9S8-FeCoS2 two-phase nanoparticles can further enhance the activity of OER and ORR. The as-prepared (Co,Fe)S@N,S-HCS exhibits excellent bifunctional activity in alkaline media, with an OER overpotential as low as 310 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and good stability, which exceeds (Fe)S@N,S-HCS, (Co)S@N,S-HCS and the noble metal RuO2. Besides, the ORR activity exhibits a half-wave potential of 0.84 V, which exceed the other two single component sulfides and close to the commercial Pt/C. Therefore, this work provides a significant approach to prepare highly efficient and stable dual-TMS heteroatom modified carbon-based OER/ORR bifunctional oxygen catalyst.
Effects of Air/Water-Stability, “Aqueous” Processing and Binder-Type on the Chemical-Mechanical-Electrochemical Stability of Na-Titanate Based Anodes for Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Pradeep Anagha , Kumar Bachu Sravan , Abharana N. , Nandakumar T. , Mukhopadhyay Amartya
Published: November 2023

In the contexts of easing the handling/storage and facilitating “aqueous” processing of Na-titanate based electrodes (as potential anodes for Na-ion batteries), the present work compares the compositional/phase/structural stability of Na2Ti3O7, Na2Ti6O13 and “Bi-phase NTO” (having ∼72 wt%Na2Ti3O7 + ∼28 wt%Na2Ti6O13) upon being exposed to air and water. This reveals the long-term air/water-stability of Na2Ti6O13 and “Bi-phase NTO”, having the Na2Ti6O13 component at/closer to particle surface and the Na2Ti3O7 component (primarly, at/closer to core) with shrunk lattice parameters; thus, rendering “aqueous” processing of electrodes feasible even for “Bi-phase NTO”, unlike for Na2Ti3O7. Furthermore, the usage of Na-alginate binder, as rendered possible by “aqueous” processing, bestows the “Bi-phase NTO” electrode with vastly superior chemical, mechanical and electrochemical stability, as compared to the usage of PVDF for “non-aqueous” processing. As confirmed by top-view/cross-section electron microscopy, depth-profiling XPS and in-situ/operando stress measurements during rest (post cell-assembly), as well as electrochemical cycling, this is primarily due to the deterioration/decomposition and swelling of PVDF in contact with cyclic carbonate-based electrolyte. Overall, this work reveals that the superior air/water-stability of “Bi-phase NTO” electrodes not only aids in storage/handling, but also facilitates cost-effective and environment/health-friendly “aqueous processing” of Na-titanate based anodes for Na-ion batteries, where the usage of Na-alginate as binder bestows further stability.
Computational Prediction of Electrochemical Corrosion Rates of Copper in the Presence of Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Pham Thanh Hai , Le Ong Kim , Chihaia Viorel , Le Phung K. , Son Do Ngoc
Published: November 2023

Computational prediction of corrosion rates is still a challenging issue in the field of metal corrosion. In this study, we proposed a computational model to predict the corrosion rates of copper in the presence of adsorption-type corrosion inhibitors using density functional theory calculations, microkinetic simulation, and machine learning. The model-calculated corrosion current and potential of clean copper are close to values obtained in available experiments. The copper corrosion rates in the presence of inhibitors were further predicted using the adsorption free energy of adsorbed inhibitors and the inhibitor concentration in solution to describe the effects of inhibitors. The proposed model was applied to predict corrosion inhibition efficiency by combining it with a machine learning model. The combining model exhibited that it was more interpretative and accurate than a machine-learning-only model in predicting corrosion inhibition efficiencies of organic compounds on copper.
Influence of the Cell Casing on the Impedance of the Lithium Metal Electrode
Authors: Drvarič Talian Sara , Moškon Jože , Tchernychova Elena , Dominko Robert , Gaberšček Miran
Published: November 2023

The impedance response of a Li electrode enclosed in a pouch cell casing is compared with the response of the same electrode in coin cell and Swagelok cell casing. A significant difference is observed in the high-to-medium-frequency part of the response. The difference is explained using a simple equivalent circuit. The explanation is further confirmed by a series of experiments in which the electrodes are either transferred from one cell type to the other, or the surface area of lithium metal electrode and contactingmetal from the cell casing is varied. Six different electrolytes are used to demonstrate the generality of the phenomenon due to (inadvertent) wetting of the stainless steel case in coin cells and Swagelok cells; such wetting results in distortion of the main impedance arc, which may even split into two separate arcs. A similar situation can occur in pouch cells when a significant surface area of the metal used for contacting the lithium metal electrode is in the direct electrochemical field of the cell. Solutions to this problem are briefly presented.
Label-Free and Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of DNA Methylation Damage Based on DNA Glycosylase Recognition and Excision Coupled with Exonuclease III Amplification
Authors: Zhang Qing-Zheng , Su Chun-Bo , Shi San-Jun , Gao Yue , Huang Rong-Fu
Published: November 2023

Because the cytotoxic DNA methylated bases are chemically inert and small in size, limited biosensing strategies especially with high sensitivity were established to detect DNA methylation damage. In this work, a label-free electrochemical assay was proposed for the sensitive detection of DNA methylation damage in dsDNA film on indium tin oxide electrode. The human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase was employed to recognize and selectively remove DNA methylated bases, generating apurinic site. Subsequently, exonuclease III not only further converted the methylation sites into strand breaks, but also progressively removed nucleotides from the 3′ to 5′ end starting from the apurinic sites. These processes could maximum amplify DNA methylation damage, also confirmed by gel electrophoresis and fluorescence measurements. The damaged DNA film bound much less electrochemical indicator, Ru(bpy)2(dppz)2+, and accompanied by an anodic current drop. As a result, DNA methylation damage produced with as low as 10 μM of methyl methanesulfonate can be detected, which was 100-fold lower than the previously reported photoelectrochemical sensing strategy. Other DNA base modification products showed much less decrease of oxidation current, demonstrating its good selectivity. This strategy can be utilized to sensitively and rapidly assess the genotoxicity of environmental pollutants.
The interaction between neuromuscular forces, aerodynamic forces, and anatomical motion in the upper airway predicts the severity of pediatric OSA
Authors: Xiao Qiwei , Ignatiuk Daniel , McConnell Keith , Gunatilaka Chamindu , Schuh Andreas , Fleck Robert , Ishman Stacey , Amin Raouf , Bates Alister
Published: November 2023

This is the first study that combines cine MRI and computational fluid dynamics with in vivo synchronous respiratory flow measurement to quantify the interaction between airway neuromuscular forces, aerodynamic forces, and airway anatomy noninvasively in pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The results indicate power transfer predicts OSA severity.
Physical and Biological Characterizations of Injectable Thermosensitive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-Collagen I Hydrogels Intended for Meniscus Repair
Authors: Ke Chunhai , Lu Xuanyuan , Ni Jiahua , Li Ruicong , Chen Qi , Peng Zhaoxiang
Published: November 2023

There has been an increase in the incidence of meniscus injuries worldwide, as well as growing needs for injectable hydrogels with the potentials to promote in situ meniscal tissue repair. This work developed poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-collagen I composite hydrogels, with a series of different collagen I contents. The hydrogels were injectable under room temperature and started to solidify around 32°C due to their thermosensitivities, meeting the requirements of the intended applications. The addition of collagen I to the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) provided physical reinforcement to the hydrogels. Rheological characterizations showed that, under room temperature, the complex viscosity, the storage modulus, and the loss modulus, respectively, increased from

0.71
±
0.35

 Pa•s to

110.95
±
23.22

 Pa•s, from

3.28
±
2.02

 Pa to

658.06
±
128.07

 Pa, and from

3.30
±
1.01

 Pa to

308.78
±
56.67

 Pa, as the collagen I content in the hydrogel increased from 0% to 1%. Cell proliferation tests and high-density culture also revealed that collagen I promoted bioactivity of the hydrogels and induced fibrochondrocyte phenotype of the chondrocytes. The expressions of collagen I protein and collagen I a1 gene in the PNIPAm-0.5Coll group were 3.50-fold and 3.64-fold of those in the PNIPAm group. In contrast, the expressions of collagen II protein and collagen II a1 gene were less prominent (respectively, 2.36-fold and 3.34-fold in the PNIPAm-0.5Coll group compared with the PNIPAm group). This phenotyping was believed to be conducive to the regeneration of meniscal tissues. The findings of this study have provided an important basis for future in vivo studies and clinical applications of this type of composite hydrogels.
Analysis of Multifrequency GNSS Signals and an Improved Single-Epoch RTK Method for Medium-Long Baseline
Authors: Chen Jian , Wang Jiahui , Zhang Kaikun , Duan Wei , Zhao Xingwang , Liu Chao
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the quantity of visible satellites has increased significantly due to multiple satellite systems that leaped forward. The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and Galileo satellite navigation system (Galileo) broadcast triple-frequency signals and above to users, thus enhancing the reliability, continuity, and availability of the single-epoch real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. In this study, an improved single-epoch multifrequency multisystem RTK method is successfully developed for the medium-long baseline. First, the Galileo and BDS extra-wide-lane (EWL) ambiguities are fixed at a high success rate, and the Galileo and BDS wide-lane (WL) ambiguity is achieved via the transformation process. Second, the fixed WL ambiguities of Galileo and BDS are exploited to elevate the fixed rate of GPS WL ambiguity. Third, the parametric strategies for ionospheric delay are carried out to upregulate the narrow-lane (NL) ambiguity-fixed rate of GPS. Further, the real-time data are adopted for verifying the feasibility of the method developed in this study. The experimental results demonstrate the optimal carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0) of full operational capability (FOC) E5a/E5b at all frequencies, followed by IIR-M L1, and IIR-A/B L2 exhibits the worst performance. Generally, the multipath combination (MPC) of Galileo signals shows root mean square (RMS) values within 0.4 m, ordered as follows:

E
1
>
E
5
b
>
E
5
a

. For the BDS-2, the B3 signal exhibits optimal performance, while the B1 signal is the worst. The RMS of MPC errors of L1 signals is smaller than the L2 signals for the GPS. Furthermore, under the 50 km baseline, the GPS NL ambiguity-fixed rate using the ionosphere-free (IF) combination reaches only 47.74% at the ratio threshold of 2. Finally, compared to the ionosphere-free combination method, the GPS NL ambiguity-fixed rate is increased by 45.52% with the presented method. The proposed approach broadens the future application of deformation monitoring in medium-long baseline scenarios.
Anchoring Ultrasmall Pt Nanocrystals onto Carbon Nanohorn-Decorated 3D Graphene Networks to Boost Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Shen Binfeng , Yao Haitao , He Haiyan , Huang Huajie
Published: November 2023

The successful commercialization of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is inseparable from the development of advanced Pt-based anode catalysts with high electrocatalytic activity and acceptable manufacturing cost. Here, we present a robust bottom-up strategy to anchor ultrasmall Pt nanocrystals with an average diameter of only 2.3 nm onto carbon nanohorn-decorated three-dimensional (3D) graphene networks (Pt/CNH-G) through a controllable self-assembly process. The as-derived 3D Pt/CNH-G catalysts manifest a series of distinctive architectural advantages, such as interconnected porous frameworks, large accessible surface areas, plentiful active cones, highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles, and good electron conductivity. Consequently, the optimized Pt/CNH-G catalyst is endowed with exceptional methanol oxidation properties with a large electrochemical active surface area of 128.6 m2 g-1, a high mass activity of 1626.0 mA mg-1, and excellent long-term stability, which are significantly superior to those of conventional Pt catalysts supported by carbon black, carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, and graphene matrices.
Length-Weight Relationships of Four Fish Species from the Dongting Lake Basin, Central South China
Authors: Xie Xiao , Xie Jiang , Luo Congqiang , Wang Jinlong , Song Bolan , Wang Ruisong , Yin Hongxing , Liu Liangguo , Yang Pinhong
Published: November 2023

Length-weight relationships (LWRs) were described for four fish species inhabiting the tributaries of the Dongting Lake, China. Fish were sampled using stationary gillnets (50 m long × 2.0 m high and mesh size: 2, 6, 10, and 14 cm) and lobster pots (18 m long × 0.33 m high × 0.45 m width and mesh size: 1 cm) twice a year from May 2021 to July 2023. All fishes were measured in the field immediately after collection for total length (L) to the nearest 0.1 cm and body weight (W) to the nearest 0.1 g. There was a strong correlation between total length and weight in all four species (r2 > 0.98). The values of parameter b in LWR ranged from 2.9709 to 3.4373. The LWR of Sinilabeo tungting, Acrossocheilus jishouensis, Onychostoma rara, and Onychostoma barbata provide new data for https://Fishbase.org and can be useful for establishing conservation measures of fish resources after fishing closure in the Dongting Lake basin, China.
Table S9 from Cancer Relevance of Circulating Antibodies Against LINE-1 Antigens in Humans
Authors: Vylegzhanina Alexandra V. , Bespalov Ivan A. , Novototskaya-Vlasova Ksenia A. , Hall Brandon M. , Gleiberman Anatoli S. , Yu Han , Leontieva Olga V. , Leonova Katerina I. , Kurnasov Oleg V. , Osterman Andrei L. , Dy Grace K. , Komissarov Alexey A. , Vasilieva Elena , Gehlhausen Jeff , Iwasaki Akiko , Ambrosone Christine B. , Tsuji Takemasa , Matsuzaki Junko , Odunsi Kunle , Andrianova Ekaterina L. , Gudkov Andrei V.
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Table S9 shows comparison of anti-ORF1p IgG titers among healthy subjects of different races.
Table S7 from Cancer Relevance of Circulating Antibodies Against LINE-1 Antigens in Humans
Authors: Vylegzhanina Alexandra V. , Bespalov Ivan A. , Novototskaya-Vlasova Ksenia A. , Hall Brandon M. , Gleiberman Anatoli S. , Yu Han , Leontieva Olga V. , Leonova Katerina I. , Kurnasov Oleg V. , Osterman Andrei L. , Dy Grace K. , Komissarov Alexey A. , Vasilieva Elena , Gehlhausen Jeff , Iwasaki Akiko , Ambrosone Christine B. , Tsuji Takemasa , Matsuzaki Junko , Odunsi Kunle , Andrianova Ekaterina L. , Gudkov Andrei V.
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Table S7 shows the results of linear regression analysis of association between ORF1p IgG titers and individual cancer types relative to healthy subjects after adjustment for age.
Table S6 from Cancer Relevance of Circulating Antibodies Against LINE-1 Antigens in Humans
Authors: Vylegzhanina Alexandra V. , Bespalov Ivan A. , Novototskaya-Vlasova Ksenia A. , Hall Brandon M. , Gleiberman Anatoli S. , Yu Han , Leontieva Olga V. , Leonova Katerina I. , Kurnasov Oleg V. , Osterman Andrei L. , Dy Grace K. , Komissarov Alexey A. , Vasilieva Elena , Gehlhausen Jeff , Iwasaki Akiko , Ambrosone Christine B. , Tsuji Takemasa , Matsuzaki Junko , Odunsi Kunle , Andrianova Ekaterina L. , Gudkov Andrei V.
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Table S6 shows results of logistic regression analysis of anti-ORF1 IgG titers in cancer patients relative to healthy individuals after adjusting for age.
Table S10 from Cancer Relevance of Circulating Antibodies Against LINE-1 Antigens in Humans
Authors: Vylegzhanina Alexandra V. , Bespalov Ivan A. , Novototskaya-Vlasova Ksenia A. , Hall Brandon M. , Gleiberman Anatoli S. , Yu Han , Leontieva Olga V. , Leonova Katerina I. , Kurnasov Oleg V. , Osterman Andrei L. , Dy Grace K. , Komissarov Alexey A. , Vasilieva Elena , Gehlhausen Jeff , Iwasaki Akiko , Ambrosone Christine B. , Tsuji Takemasa , Matsuzaki Junko , Odunsi Kunle , Andrianova Ekaterina L. , Gudkov Andrei V.
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Table S10 shows gender-specificity of anti-ORF1p IgG titers among healthy subjects and cancer patients.
FIGURE 2 from Cancer Relevance of Circulating Antibodies Against LINE-1 Antigens in Humans
Authors: Vylegzhanina Alexandra V. , Bespalov Ivan A. , Novototskaya-Vlasova Ksenia A. , Hall Brandon M. , Gleiberman Anatoli S. , Yu Han , Leontieva Olga V. , Leonova Katerina I. , Kurnasov Oleg V. , Osterman Andrei L. , Dy Grace K. , Komissarov Alexey A. , Vasilieva Elena , Gehlhausen Jeff , Iwasaki Akiko , Ambrosone Christine B. , Tsuji Takemasa , Matsuzaki Junko , Odunsi Kunle , Andrianova Ekaterina L. , Gudkov Andrei V.
Published: November 2023

Relevance of antibodies detected by immunoassay to L1 ORF1p. The results of immunofluorescent staining (A) and immunoblot analysis (B) of HeLa cells transduced with Tet-inducible L1/Gluc reporter construct with (+DOX) and without (−DOX) L1 induction by doxycycline (Supplementary Fig. S1). “Rabbit αORF1p Ab” – polyclonal anti-ORF1p rabbit antiserum. The other panels represent staining with 50,000-fold diluted serum samples from patients with ovarian cancer with 107–108 anti-ORF1p IgG titers in anti-ORF1p immunoassay. “M” stands for the protein size marker added to the sample along with HeLa cells lysate without DOX L1 induction. The asterisks on the bottom panel correspond to ORF1p standard (40-kDa) band.
FIGURE 1 from Cancer Relevance of Circulating Antibodies Against LINE-1 Antigens in Humans
Authors: Vylegzhanina Alexandra V. , Bespalov Ivan A. , Novototskaya-Vlasova Ksenia A. , Hall Brandon M. , Gleiberman Anatoli S. , Yu Han , Leontieva Olga V. , Leonova Katerina I. , Kurnasov Oleg V. , Osterman Andrei L. , Dy Grace K. , Komissarov Alexey A. , Vasilieva Elena , Gehlhausen Jeff , Iwasaki Akiko , Ambrosone Christine B. , Tsuji Takemasa , Matsuzaki Junko , Odunsi Kunle , Andrianova Ekaterina L. , Gudkov Andrei V.
Published: November 2023

Approach and proof of concept. A, Hypotheses: proteins encoded by L1 are expected to be recognized as tumor-associated antigens and become targets for antibody response. This response is stimulated by the cGAS-STING-mediated induction of inflammation. Circulating Abs to L1 antigens can be used as cancer biomarkers if detected by anti-ORF1p and anti-ORF2p immunoassays. Comparison of antibody levels in healthy individuals (N = 137) and patients with cancer (N = 331) in the assays for anti-ORF1p (B), anti-ORF2p (C), and p53 (D). The significance of differences is assessed by Mann–Whitney U test. E, Spearman correlation between anti-ORF1p IgG titers and anti-p53 IgG signals in serum samples of patients with cancer (N = 331). All P value less than 0.05 is considered significant.
Cardiac Reverse Remodeling and Changes in Heart Failure Indices After Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Replacement in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Salama Abdalla A. , Abozied Omar A. , Anderson Jason H. , Miranda William R. , Connolly Heidi M. , Jain Charles , Cabalka Allison , Egbe Alexander C.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

There are limited data about changes in cardiac function (cardiac reverse remodeling) and heart failure indices after transcatheter tricuspid valve-in-valve replacement (TT-VIVR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate cardiac reverse remodeling and temporal changes in heart failure indices after TT-VIVR in adults with congenital heart disease.

METHODS:

Retrospective cohort study of adults with congenital heart disease that underwent TT-VIVR and had >6 months of follow-up (January 1, 2011, to April 30, 2023). Echocardiographic indices of cardiac remodeling and heart failure indices (New York Heart Association class, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide), glomerular filtration rate, and model for end-stage liver disease excluding international normalized ratio score) were assessed preintervention and at 1-, 3-, and 5-year postintervention.

RESULTS:

Of 39 patients (age 39 [32–46] years), 14 (36%) and 25 (64%) received Melody valve and Sapien valve prosthesis, respectively. At 1-year post-TT-VIVR, there was a temporal improvement in right atrial reservoir strain (17±8% versus 22±8%,
P
<0.001), right atrial volume (81 [59–108] versus 63 [48–82] mL/m
2
,
P
<0.001), right atrial pressure (12±4% versus 6±4%,
P
<0.001), and right ventricular global longitudinal strain (−15±7% versus −20±7%,
P
<0.001). Similarly, there was a temporal improvement in NT-proBNP, glomerular filtration rate, model for end-stage liver disease excluding international normalized ratio score, and New York Heart Association class. The temporal improvements in heart failure indices and valve function were maintained at 3- and 5-year post-TT-VIVR.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering the significant mortality risk associated with reoperations for tricuspid valve replacement, these data suggest favorable outcomes after TT-VIVR, and support TT-VIVR as a viable alternative to surgical tricuspid valve replacement, especially in high-risk patients.
The Interaction of Context Constraints and Predictive Validity during Sentence Reading
Authors: Terporten René , Huizeling Eleanor , Heidlmayr Karin , Hagoort Peter , Kösem Anne
Published: November 2023

Words are not processed in isolation; instead, they are commonly embedded in phrases and sentences. The sentential context influences the perception and processing of a word. However, how this is achieved by brain processes and whether predictive mechanisms underlie this process remain a debated topic. Here, we employed an experimental paradigm in which we orthogonalized sentence context constraints and predictive validity, which was defined as the ratio of congruent to incongruent sentence endings within the experiment. While recording electroencephalography, participants read sentences with three levels of sentential context constraints (high, medium, and low). Participants were also separated into two groups that differed in their ratio of valid congruent to incongruent target words that could be predicted from the sentential context. For both groups, we investigated modulations of alpha power before, and N400 amplitude modulations after target word onset. The results reveal that the N400 amplitude gradually decreased with higher context constraints and cloze probability. In contrast, alpha power was not significantly affected by context constraint. Neither the N400 nor alpha power were significantly affected by changes in predictive validity.
Mental Simulations and Action Language Are Impaired in Individuals with Aphantasia
Authors: Dupont William , Papaxanthis Charalambos , Lebon Florent , Madden-Lombardi Carol
Published: November 2023

Action reading is thought to engage motor simulations, such as those involved during the generation of mental motor images. These simulations would yield modulations in activity of motor-related cortical regions and contribute to action language comprehension. To test these ideas, we measured corticospinal excitability during action reading, and reading comprehension ability, in individuals with normal and impaired imagery (i.e., phantasia and aphantasia, respectively). Thirty-four participants (17 phantasic and 17 aphantasic) were asked to read manual action sentences. By means of TMS, we triggered motor-evoked potentials in the target right index finger. Motor-evoked potential amplitude, a marker of corticospinal excitability, increased during action reading relative to rest for phantasic individuals, but not for aphantasic individuals. This result provides neurophysiological evidence that individuals living with aphantasia present a real neurophysiological deficit in motor system engagement during action reading. Furthermore, deep-level reading comprehension ability was impaired in individuals with aphantasia, who had difficulty selecting words that best fit the context of sentences. Altogether, these findings support the idea that motor simulations, along with the activation within the motor system, contribute to action language comprehension.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Longidorus patuxentensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Maryland and California, USA
Authors: Kantor Mihail R. , Subbotin Sergei A. , Im Bill , Handoo Zafar A.
Published: November 2023

A new needle nematode species, Longidorus patuxentensis n. sp., was collected along the banks of the Western Branch Patuxent River from Upper Marlboro, MD, USA, and described herein. Female body length of the new species ranges from 3.8 to 5.2 mm, with a set off lip region by depression, 77-92 μm long odontostyle, 40-53 μm long odontophore, vulva located at 46.3-50.1% and tail conoid with bluntly rounded tip. The new species has four juvenile developmental stages and no males. It looks morphologically similar to L. breviannulatus, L. elongatus, L. martini, L. americanus, L. grandis, L. sabalanicus and L. sturhani by having a ventrally curved to spiral body, generally similar lip region and conoid tail with a rounded terminus, but differs from these species by the odontostyle, odontophore, total stylet length and a few other characters. Phylogenetic analysis of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene sequences placed L. patuxentensis n. sp. in a clade with L. litchi, L. fangi, L. jonesi, L. diadecturus and Longidorus sp. The D2-D3 sequence of L. patuxentensis n. sp. was identical to that of Longidorus sp.5 collected from Juglans sp. growing in Butte County, California, USA. The D2-D3 of 28S and ITS1 rRNA and COI gene sequences indicated that the Maryland and California populations belong to the same species, described herein as L. patuxentensis n. sp.
Religion, Class and Educational Policy
Authors: Payne Geoff , Ford Graeme , Bickerstaffe Julia , Fraser Cynthia , Robertson Catherine
Published: November 2023

The educational record of Catholic schools has been a cause for popular concern for some time, but very little hard evidence is available to support the partisans in the public debate. Using data about the educational experience of male adults in Scotland, this paper shows that, while differences do exist at both the secondary and post-secondary levels, these have not been very great, and certainly not as great as seems to be generally believed. When one controls for social class, the inter-religion difference among children from non-manual families is reduced, and virtually disappears among children from manual backgrounds. Only at the higher levels of qualification can the (small) differences be said to persist. An analysis of subsequent careers raises doubts about the importance of even these small-scale variations. On this evidence, the existing framework of discussion is criticised as inadequate, because it ignores the social context in which education lies. A reanalysis of staffing levels in 1973 is seen as confirming the view that integration of the secondary schools is unlikely to make major improvements in the educational or occupational achievements of Catholics, because of the underlying structure of class and opportunity in Scotland.
Influences of Cloud Vertical Overlapping on the Calculated Cloud Albedo and Their Validation with Satellite Observations
Authors: Zhang Hua , Wang Haibo , Liu Yangang , Jing Xianwen , Liu Yi
Published: November 2023

Cloud albedo is expected to influence cloud radiative forcing in addition to cloud fraction, and inadequate description of the cloud overlapping effects on the cloud fraction may influence the simulated cloud fraction, and thus the relative cloud radiative forcing (RCRF) and cloud albedo. In this study, we first present a new formula by extending that presented previously to consider multilayer clouds directly in the relationship between cloud albedo, cloud fraction, and RCRF, and then quantitatively evaluate the effects of different cloud vertical overlapping structures, represented by the decorrelation length scales (Lcf), on the simulated cloud albedos. We use the BCC_AGCM2.0_CUACE/Aero model with simultaneous validation by observations from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiation Energy System (CERES) satellite. When Lcf < 4 km (i.e., the cloud overlap is closer to the random overlap), the simulated cloud albedos are generally in good agreement with the satellite-based albedos for December–February and June–August; when Lcf ≥ 4 km (i.e., the cloud vertical overlap is closer to the maximum overlap), the difference between simulated and observed cloud albedos became larger, due mainly to significant differences in cloud fractions and RCRF. Further quantitative analysis shows that the relative Euclidean distance, which represents the degree of overall model–observation disagreement, increases with the Lcf for all three variables (cloud albedo, cloud fraction, and RCRF), indicating the importance of cloud vertical overlapping in determining the accuracy of the calculated cloud albedo for multilayer clouds.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is presenting a new formula to consider multilayer clouds directly in the relationship between cloud albedo, cloud fraction, and relative cloud radiative forcing (RCRF). This is important because the effects of different cloud vertical overlapping structures, represented by the decorrelation length scales (Lcf), can affect the simulated cloud albedos. Our results provide a guide on the importance of cloud vertical overlapping in determining the accuracy of the calculated cloud albedo for multilayer clouds.
Wave Modulation in a Strong Tidal Current and Its Impact on Extreme Waves
Authors: Halsne Trygve , Benetazzo Alvise , Barbariol Francesco , Christensen Kai Håkon , Carrasco Ana , Breivik Øyvind
Published: November 2023

Accurate estimates of extreme waves are central for maritime activities, and stochastic wave models are the best option available for practical applications. However, the way currents influence the statistics of space–time extremes in spectral wave models has not been properly assessed. Here we demonstrate impacts of the wave modulation caused by one of the world’s strongest open ocean tidal currents, which reaches speeds of at least 3 m s−1. For a bimodal swell and wind sea state, we find that most intense interactions occur when the wind sea opposes the tidal current, with an increase in significant wave height and spectral steepness up to 45% and 167%, respectively. The steepness modulation strengthens the second-order Stokes contribution for the normalized extreme crests, which increases between 5% and 14% during opposing wind sea and current. The normalized extreme wave heights have a strong dependence on the narrow-bandedness parameter, which is sensitive to the variance distribution in the bimodal spectrum, and we find an increase up to 12% with currents opposing the wind sea. In another case of swell opposing a tidal jet, we find the spectral steepness to exceed the increase predicted by a simplified modulation model. We find support in single-point observations that using tidal currents as forcing in wave models improves the representation of the expected maximum waves, but that action must be taken to close the gap of measurements in strong currents.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to investigate how a very strong tidal current affects the surface wave field, and how it changes the stochastic extreme waves formulated for a space–time domain. Our results suggest that the expected maximum waves become more realistic when tidal currents are added as forcing in wave models. Here, the expected extremes exceed traditional model estimates, i.e., without current forcing, by more than 10%. These differences have implications for maritime operations, both in terms of planning of marine structures and for navigational purposes. However, there is a significant lack of observations in environments with such strong currents, which are needed to further verify our results.
Information Access Effort: The Role of Head Movements for Information Presented at Increasing Eccentricity on Flat Panel and Head-Mounted Displays
Authors: Warden Amelia C. , Wickens Christopher D. , Clegg Benjamin A. , Rehberg Daniel , Ortega Francisco R.
Published: November 2023

Objective

This experiment examined performance costs when processing two sources of information positioned at increasing distances using a flat panel display and an augmented reality head-mounted display (AR-HMD).

Background

The AR-HMD enables positioning virtual information at various distances in space. However, the proximity compatibility principle suggests that closer separation when two sources of information require mental integration assists performance, whereas increased separation between two sources hurts integration performance more than when a single source requires focused attention. Previous studies have provided inconsistent findings regarding costs associated with increased separation. Few of these experiments have examined separation for both focused and integration tasks, compared vertical and lateral separation, or measured head movements.

Method

Three experiments collectively examined these issues using a flat panel display and a virtual display presented with an HMD, where the separation of information varied laterally or vertically during a focused attention (digit reading) task and an information integration (mental subtraction) task.

Results

There was no performance cost for either display when information was increasingly separated. However, head movements mitigated performance costs by preserving accuracy at larger separations without increasing response time.

Conclusion

Head movements appear to mitigate performance costs associated with presenting information increasingly far apart on flat panel displays and HMDs. Both eye scanning and head movements appear to be less effortful than expected.

Application

These findings have important implications for design guidelines regarding the placement of information presented on flat panel displays and, more specifically, HMDs, which can present information 360° around the user.
Management of Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas in Andhra Pradesh: The Perceptions of the Stakeholders
Authors: Varalakshmi G.
Published: November 2023

The introduction of Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) in the educationally backward blocks of the country poses challenges for the mobilisation, retention and educational activities of students. The children admitted to these schools are different from those of mainstream schools. The socio-economic background of the girls has been indicating that they are child labourers, never enrolled, dropout from schools with, risk-ridden family backgrounds, single parents, orphans, migrant workers, labour families, Below Poverty Level (BPL) and from educational accessibility-denied areas. The Special Officers (SOs), who are appointed for the management of KGBVs in terms of evolving strategies for building awareness and mobilisation of girl-child-labour to admit, retain, and motivate them for education and reaching the goal of educational attainment. In course of interaction with the SOs, it was found that in discharging their responsibilities, they face several constraints such as service conditions like contract jobs, low-level of salary, and management issues. Despite having several issues, the SOs have been working to achieve academic goals.
The war in Ukraine and the Dawn of Russian Revisionism: An English School Approach
Authors: Paikin Zachary
Published: November 2023

Since Russian president Vladimir Putin's 2007 speech at the Munich Security Conference, followed by his country's invasion of neighbouring Georgia the ensuing year, Russia has been one of the most powerful and visible challengers of a West-centric conception of international order. This has led to assertions that Russia is a revisionist state. However, such assertions largely gloss over the “intermediate” stages that Russia has occupied between the two extremes of status quo and revisionist power throughout the post–Cold War era. They also reveal an understanding of international order that is mostly uniform. Employing an English School framework, this paper shows how Russia only became a fully revisionist state in the lead-up to its invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. And using a theoretical model which outlines the impact of contestation on international society, it outlines the consequences of Russia's recent descent into revisionism for the so-called rules-based international order.
How Does Visual Temporal Processing Affect Chinese Character Reading in Children With Dyslexia? From the Perspective of Inhibition
Authors: Jhuo Rong-An , Yang Hsien-Ming , Tsai Huang-Ju , Wang Li-Chih
Published: November 2023

Given that inhibition interacts with visual temporal processing (VTP), the past evidence regarding the influence of VTP on the Chinese character reading of children with dyslexia may not disclose the whole picture without considering inhibition. Thus, the present study is among the first to investigate VTP and cognitive inhibition as well as their relationships to Chinese character reading. We compared the performances of 62 Chinese-speaking children with dyslexia in primary school ( n = 62, Mage = 11.36 years) on VTP and inhibition tasks to those in a chronological-age-matched group (CA; n = 62, Mage = 11.57 years) and reading-level-matched group (RL; n = 62, Mage = 8.98 years). The results revealed that children with dyslexia performed worse than both the CA-matched and RL-matched groups in VTP and inhibition after controlling for age, nonverbal intelligence, and attention. Moreover, the relationship between VTP and Chinese character reading was moderated by inhibition in children with dyslexia. VTP is positively related to Chinese character reading, but this relationship is observed only at higher levels of inhibition. Our results suggest that inhibition plays a potential role in VTP and Chinese character reading, especially for those with dyslexia whose proficiency in inhibition is not as intact as that of typically developing children.
Anomaly detection and prediction evaluation for discrete nonlinear dynamical systems
Authors: Spoor Jan Michael , Weber Jens , Ovtcharova Jivka
Published: November 2023

Anomalies in dynamical systems mostly occur as deviations between measurement and prediction. Current anomaly detection methods in multivariate time series often require prior clustering, training data, or cannot distinguish local and global anomalies. Furthermore, no generalized metric exists to evaluate and compare different prediction functions regarding their amount of anomalous behavior. We propose a novel methodology to detect local and global anomalies in time series data of dynamical systems. For this purpose, a theoretical density distribution is derived assuming that only noise conceals the time series. If the theoretical and the empirical density distribution yield significantly different entropies, an anomaly is assumed. For a local anomaly detection, the Mahalanobis distance using the theoretical noise distribution’s covariance is applied to evaluate sequences of predictions and measurements. In addition, the Wasserstein metric enables a comparison of predictions using the distance between the noise and empirical distribution as a measure for selecting the best prediction function. The proposed method performs well on nonlinear time series such as logistic growth and enables a useful selection of a prediction model for satellite orbits. Thus, the proposed method improves anomaly detection in time series and model selection for nonlinear systems.
A novel hybrid method for modeling of photovoltaic module I–V characteristic curve by using artificial intelligence-based solver and multi-criteria decision making
Authors: Almunem Ruqayah Dheyauldeen A. , Muhsen Dhiaa Halboot , Haider Haider Tarish , Khatib Tamer
Published: November 2023

In this research, hybrid method is proposed to model the I–V characteristic curve of a photovoltaic (PV) module. The method is represented by a multi-objective arithmetic optimization and cuckoo search with multi-criteria decision-making approach. The proposed model generates first a number of I–V curves as candidates. This phase is conducted through multi-objective optimization algorithm. The optimization algorithm is assessed by a non-dominated ranking scheme and crowding distance framework. After that, the best I–V curve candidate is chosen from the result of Pareto front by using the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method. Moreover, the analytic hierarchy approach is employed to select the appropriate weight for each criterion. The proposed method is validated by using an experimental data under various operational conditions. This validation is done by extracting different I–V characteristic for PV modules. The proposed method is compared to a number of methods in the literature. Results show that the proposed method exceeds other methods in the literature considering the accuracy of generating the I–V curves. In addition, results show that the proposed method requires less computational power as compared to other hybridized methods.
Asymptomatic Gouty Tophi in Thyroid Cartilage: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhen-Li  , De-Dai  , Chen Hui-kuan , Zhou Xin-kai
Published: November 2023

Gouty tophi is a disease characterized by the long-term deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints or cartilages. The most commonly affected site is the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and gouty tophi in the head and neck region are relatively rare. This article reports a case involving an elderly male with asymptomatic gouty tophi in the thyroid cartilage. The patient had a history of gout for over 10 years and presented with a painless thyroid mass that had been present for at least 3 years. He had not received systemic treatment. Preoperative contrast-enhanced cervical CT results indicated a high likelihood of gouty tophi. Postoperative pathology confirmed the mass to be consistent with gouty nodules. Following the procedure, the patient was treated symptomatically with non-busulfan tablets and colchicine. No recurrence was observed at the 1-year follow-up. This report highlights the need to consider gouty tophi in cases of prolonged gout history and abnormal imaging findings in the head and neck region. Appropriate management, including urate-lowering therapy and surgery, if necessary, can lead to optimal outcomes and prevent recurrences. Further research is warranted to enhance understanding and clinical management of this uncommon regional manifestation of gout.
Livestreamed land: Scams and certainty in Myanmar’s digital land market
Authors: Faxon Hilary Oliva , Wittekind Courtney T
Published: November 2023

Scams are endemic to digital capitalism, whether they manifest as bitcoin bubbles or bullshit jobs. Drawing on two years of digital ethnography in Myanmar’s Facebook land markets, this article explains what happens when the land scam migrates online. By unraveling warnings of trickery, interviewing wary participants, and inhabiting Facebook Live real estate tours, we argue that the scam is a vocation born of hope and desperation that targets land as the most-stable asset amidst crisis, one which operates through the networked and affective affordances of social media sites. Specifically, we highlight how Facebook enables brokers to ‘crowd’ transactions and amplify hype around sought-after plots, obscuring risk and responsibility while generating excitement and competition. Live video formats enable brokers to cultivate digital intimacy and authenticity from afar, creating a collective emotional investment in what we call the “virtual reality of land.” Bringing together critical geography and media studies, our analysis situates the scam in particular histories of inequality while explaining how these relations are reformulated through social media sites' sensory, affective, and connective affordances.