bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Detection of Trypanosoma species in Cattle Slaughtered at Zango and Yantukwane Abattoirs in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Isa I , Salim L , Kamba B
Published: October 2020

African animal trypanosomoses constitute the most important vector-borne cattle diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. A total of170 blood samples were collected from cattle in Zango abattoir and Yantukwane abattoir in Zaria, Kaduna State. BloodSamples collected were examined for the presence of trypanosomes using the buffy coat technique and Giemsa thin bloodsmears which shows a single 1(0.58%; 1/170) infection using microscope. Positive and negative samples were subjected tofurther analysis using nested PCR reaction with nested primers for detection of trypanosomes, and 9 of the samples showedpositive bands after gel electrophoresis at 998bp (lane 1-9) indicating the presence of Trypanosoma theileri. Percentage, Chisquareand Odds ratio were used to analyse the data. A total of 9(5.29%; 9/170) animals were found infected with the parasiteout of which 4(4.65%; 4/85) were found in Zango abattoir, while 5 (5.95%) were found in Yantukwane abattoir. The resultswere not statistically (P>0.05) location dependent. The infection in male (6.45%) cattle was higher than the female (4.63%)with no infection in young animals. No infection was observed in Sokoto Gudali breed, while White Fulani breed had 5.77%.From this study, it is clear that trypanosomosis is still a major obstacle to livestock production in Zaria and its Environs andthe incidence is majorly in adult cattle. In addition, nested PCR reaction showed more sensitivity than microscopy. Hence,there is need for proper diagnosis and treatment of animals to promote more beef and milk production for humanconsumption. Further study is necessary to determine the pathogenicity of T. theileri in other domestic animals.

Keywords: Trypanosomosis, White Fulani, Sokoto Gudali, breed, infection.
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in a Rural, Agrarian Community in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Egbi Oghenekaro Godwin , Ahmed Sulaiman Dazumi
Published: October 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health threat, often associated with other co-morbidities with significant morbidities and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of DM in a rural agrarian community in Nigeria.Methodology: This cross-sectional study, using quantitative methods, was carried out in Ayua community in Etsako West local government area of Edo state, South-South Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was intervieweradministered while socio-demographics, anthropometric data, blood pressure and weight measurements as well as random blood glucose were obtained from participants.Findings: Two hundred and sixteen participants (58 males, 158 females) completed the study with a mean age of 54.2+16.4 years. Diabetes was found in 30 (13.9%) participants and undiagnosed in 40.0% while hypertension and obesity were found in 61(28.2%) and 57(26.4%) respectively. Diabetes was independently predicted by age > 50 years (OR = 5.7) and the presence of a family history of DM (OR = 43.0) with p < 0.001 each) but not by obesity (p=0.860), hypertension (p = 0.477) or family history of hypertension (p = 0.09).Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of DM and co-morbidities in this rural agrarian community, we recommend regular screening of adults for these conditions.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Nigeria, Rural
Assessment of Markers of Depression and CD4 Cell Count among Adult HIV-Positive Patients on Anti-Retroviral at a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Amoko A. , Ajiboye P.O. , Olagunju F.A. , Shittu R.O.
Published: October 2020

Objective: Depression is a common mental health problem among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA); because low count of lymphocytes with  cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4 cell count) is associated with severe symptoms of HIV infection, there are thoughts that low CD4 cells count can provoke depressive illness. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between CD4 count and depression among adult HIV positivepatients attending Family Medicine clinics at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Nigeria.Method: A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was done over a period of 6 months among 350 systematically randomly selected adult HIV-positive patients. PHQ-9 was used to obtain information on depression and the CD4 count was determined using a flow-cytometric method. Data were obtained and analyzed using SPSS-17. Chi-square was used to determine degree of association between the depression and the level of CD4 count. P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of depression among the respondents was 33.4%. The prevalence of depression was highest among respondents with low CD4 count (≤349cells/ul), 37.0%, and least among those with high CD4 count (≥500cells/ul), 28.3%. This relationship was however not statistically significant.Conclusion: The overall prevalence of depression was high among the respondents (33.4%) suggesting the need for routine depression screening among HIV positive patients. There was no statistically significant association between presence of depression and level of CD4 count (p-value=0.302).

Keywords: Depression, CD4count, PLWHA, Family Medicine, UITH.
Conversion of coconut waste into cost effective adsorbent for Cu(II) and Ni(II) removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Rahim Abdul Rahman Abdul , Iswarya  , Johari Khairiraihanna , Shehzad Nasir , Saman Norasikin , Mat Hanapi
Published: October 2020

Desiccated coconut waste (DCW) is an agricultural waste that originates from the coconut milk processing industry. In this study, it was utilized for the removal of copper (Cu(II)) and nickel (Ni(II)) via adsorption process. The physicochemical characterization of the DCW adsorbent shows that the adsorbent have a surface area of 6.63 m2/g, have high elemental carbon content and existences of important functional groups on its surface. The adsorptive capability of DCW adsorbent in removing the heavy metal were conducted in batch studies. DCW adsorbent performed highest Ni(II) and Cu(II) adsorption capacity at pH 6, where equilibrium is achieved at 450 minutes. The kinetic analysis showed the adsorption agreed with pseudo-second order kinetic model, indicating the Cu(II) and Ni(II) adsorption were a chemical adsorption, limited by the film diffusion. The DCW adsorbent still retained its effective adsorption capacity after 2 adsorption-desorption cycles, which is one of the excellent criteria of a good adsorbent for an adsorption process.
Меры правовой поддержки хозяйствующих субъектов
в условиях пандемии: отечественный и зарубежный опыт
Authors: Зайцева Л.И. , Бельский М.Д.
Published: October 2020

В СТАТЬЕ ПРОВЕДЕН АНАЛИЗ МЕР ПОДДЕРЖКИ ХОЗЯЙСТВУЮЩИХ СУБЪЕКТОВ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ И АДАПТАЦИИ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА О НЕСОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ К КРИЗИСНЫМ УСЛОВИЯМ. ДАНА ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МОРАТОРИЯ НА БАНКРОТСТВО КАК СТАБИЛИЗИРУЮЩЕГО МЕХАНИЗМА. АВТОРАМИ ОБОБЩЕН ОПЫТ АНГЛИИ И ФРАНЦИИ ПО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЮ ПРЕВЕНТИВНЫХ И СОГЛАСИТЕЛЬНЫХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ В ЦЕЛЯХ СОДЕЙСТВИЯ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯМ ПО ВОССТАНОВ- ЛЕНИЮ ПЛАТЕЖЕСПОСОБНОСТИ. В РЕЗУЛЬТАТЕ ПРОВЕДЕННОГО АНАЛИЗА СДЕЛАН ВЫВОД О НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ ДОПОЛНЕНИЯ И МОДИФИКАЦИИ МЕР В СФЕРЕ НЕСОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ, В ТОМ ЧИСЛЕ В ЧАСТИ ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ КРИТЕРИЯ ОТРАСЛЕВОЙ ПРИНАДЛЕЖНОСТИВ СЛУЧАЕ ПРЕДОСТАВЛЕНИЯ ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВ.
Некоторые особенности организации экономического правосудия во Французской Республике
Authors: Соловьёв А.А.
Published: October 2020

АВТОР, ПРОДОЛЖАЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ СУДЕБНЫХ СИСТЕМ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ ГОСУДАРСТВ, ОСТАНАВЛИВАЕТСЯ НА ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ПРАВОСУДИЯ ВО ФРАНЦУЗСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ. В СТАТЬЕ РАССМАТРИВАЮТСЯ ВОПРОСЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ РАБОТЫ В УКАЗАННОМ НАПРАВЛЕНИИ СУДОВ ПЕРВОЙ (СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННЫЕ ТОРГОВЫЕ (КОММЕРЧЕСКИЕ) СУДЫ, А ТАКЖЕ ОБЩИЕ СУДЫ ПЕРВОЙ ИНСТАНЦИИ), АПЕЛЛЯЦИОННОЙ (АПЕЛЛЯЦИОННЫЕ СУДЫ, В СОСТАВЕ КОТОРЫХ ДЕЙСТВУЮТ СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННЫЕ ТОРГОВЫЕ (КОММЕРЧЕСКИЕ) ПАЛАТЫ) И КАССАЦИОННОЙ (КАССАЦИОННЫЙ СУД В ЛИЦЕ ПАЛАТЫ ПО ТОРГОВЫМ, ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМ И ФИНАНСОВЫМ СПОРАМ) ИНСТАНЦИЙ. В ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИИ ДЕЛАЕТСЯ ВЫВОД О ТОМ, ЧТО ДЕЙСТВУЮЩИЙ ВО ФРАНЦИИ ПОРЯДОК РАССМОТРЕНИЯ СПОРОВ В СФЕРЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПОЗВОЛЯЕТ УЧИТЫВАТЬ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИХ МАТЕРИАЛЬНО И ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОЙ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩЕЙ.
Оценка арбитражным судом критерия окончательности третейского решения
Authors: Сорокин В.П.
Published: October 2020

СТАТЬЯ ПОСВЯЩЕНА АКТУАЛЬНОЙ ПРОБЛЕМЕ ОЦЕНКИ АРБИТРАЖНЫМ СУДОМ КРИТЕРИЯ ОКОНЧАТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТРЕТЕЙСКИХ РЕШЕНИЙ ПО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМ СПОРАМ И РЕШЕНИЙ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ КОММЕРЧЕСКИХ АРБИТРАЖЕЙ. В СТАТЬЕ РАССМАТРИВАЮТСЯ ПРЕДМЕТ ОЦЕНКИ АРБИТРАЖНЫМ СУДОМ ЗАЯВЛЕНИЯ ОБ ОТМЕНЕ ТРЕТЕЙСКОГО РЕШЕНИЯ, ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВА И ОСНОВАНИЯ ОТМЕНЫ ТРЕТЕЙСКОГО РЕШЕНИЯ; РАСКРЫВАЮТСЯ ПОНЯТИЯ ТРЕТЕЙСКИХ РЕШЕНИЙ ПО СУЩЕСТВУ СПОРА И НА СОГЛАСОВАННЫХ СТОРОНАМИ УСЛОВИЯХ. ЛОГИКА И ВЫВОДЫ СТАТЬИ ПОДТВЕРЖДАЮТСЯ ССЫЛКАМИ НА ЗАКОНЫ, ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЯ И ОБЗОРЫ ПО ОТДЕЛЬНЫМ ВОПРОСАМ РОССИЙСКОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА.
Título en español.
Authors: L. A. Alvarez-García  , José Adsuar
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Discusión de una propuesta de doctorado profesionalizante en Educación Matemática
Authors: Flores-Medrano Eric , Hernández Rebollar Lidia Aurora , Sánchez-Ruiz José Gabriel
Published: October 2020

En este artículo se presenta una investigación documental sobre la formación permanente del profesorado de Matemáticas a través del estudio de posgrados. La distinción entre posgrados académicos (para la investigación) y profesionalizantes (para incidir en campos de trabajo) se ha venido manejando desde hace varios años y en distintos países.   Contextualizamos la discusión a partir del caso brasileño, enfatizando en el caso de PROFMAT como ejemplo de máster profesionalizante. Discutimos los principales retos que se han detectado en la generación de este tipo de programas de posgrado y presentamos las bases y fundamentos de una propuesta de doctorado profesionalizante en Educación Matemática en México. Entre los principales resultados, destacamos la potencialidad que tiene en el diseño de programas el uso de un modelo de conocimiento con énfasis en las Matemáticas y la consideración de las características del profesor experto como metas alcanzables.
Apropriação de conceitos matemáticos na Educação Infantil
Authors: Miranda Maria Auristela Barbosa Alves de , Sá Antônio Villar Marques de
Published: October 2020

Este artigo objetiva analisar o processo de apropriação de conceitos matemáticos na Educação Infantil. Fundamentado na Teoria Histórico-Cultural, apresenta um panorama teórico do objeto e a análise de dois episódios vividos em pesquisa de Doutorado ainda em curso que utilizou como instrumentos dinâmicas conversacionais e observação participante na jornada de um Centro de Educação Infantil, tendo como sujeitos uma professora e dez crianças de 5 anos de idade. Concluímos que: 1) as crianças se encontram no processo de apropriação de conceitos matemáticos e os vivenciam, mas não têm a informação de que se tratam de conceitos matemáticos; 2) é fundamental o papel da professora na apresentação dos conceitos, posto que a apropriação da cultura se faz nas relações sociais; 3) o processo de apropriação da cultura matemática não se faz em aulas, mas a partir dos campos de experiências propostos pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC).
METHODOLOGY OF DETERMINING CRISIS PHENOMENA IN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University Russian Federation, Myrzaliyev B. , Murat A. ,   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The article examines methodological approaches to economic crises, gives a characteristic of crisis phenomena in economy. The reasons for the development of crisis in agriculture are considered and prerequisites for overcoming it are systematized. The factors of increasing instability of agricultural sector in the context of global economic crisis are analyzed. A number of circumstances are highlighted that determine its negative and positive effects, without which it is difficult to objectively determine the probable losses and predict potential options for the development of domestic agro-industrial complex. Particular attention is paid to structural crisis. The authors conclude that current situation in agricultural sphere does not fall under the traditional classification of economic crisis processes and propose to supplement the methodology of assessing periodic crises by including a systemic crisis. The methodological foundations for diag- nosis of crisis situations in AIC of Kazakhstan have been developed, which represent a set of methods and techniques that allow to determine and study anxiety states in it in order to prevent in the future. The methodology outlines conceptual approaches to assessing crisis conditions of economic systems at sectoral and economic levels. The diagnosis of crisis phenomena is carried out on the basis of comparing critical values of indicators characterizing economic development with their actual values, followed by calculation of integral coefficient of the level of agro-industrial production in the republic.
MODERNIZATION OF AIC BASED ON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages Russian Federation, Utegulova B. S. , Zharylkassyn ZH. ,   Turan University Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The key prerequisites for transition of domestic AIC to digital format of work are reflected. The vectors of influence of digital technologies on the development of agro-industrial complex are considered. Digital transformations in sectors of economy - first of all, the creation of a new industry by automating the country's transport and logistics system; the use of communication processes in agricultural sector, industry; e-commerce and improving systems for ensuring safety and availability of digital information, as well as implementation of these methods and techniques aimed to create "smart" cities. The authors note that digitalization is one of the most promising tools for achieving these goals. In addition, it should be understood that agribusiness in decision making is guided by such categories as increasing its profitability, expanding its market share, and increasing capitalization. In this direction, digitalization is one of the incentives for further development, because in competitive markets, any measures that can provide increase in profitability with acceptable level of predictable risk must be studied and implemented in practice. The features of effective digital technologies in agriculture of the republic are analyzed. Low productivity and high costs are highlighted as the key problems of domestic agricultural sector. The State policy of Kazakhstan is aimed at attracting the world's leading brands of agricultural machinery, produced using innovative nanotechnology, to the country, supporting local industries with objectively feasible localization conditions. It is concluded that it is necessary to use high-tech methods to solve the problems of increasing crop yields, animal productivity and labor productivity, and reducing production costs.
DIRECTIONS OF PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR SMALL BUSINESSES IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Kazakh Research Institute of Economy of Agro-Industrial Complex and Rural Development Russian Federation, Jambayeva G. , Zhumasheva S. T. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Economy of Agro-Industrial Complex and Rural Development Russian Federation, Mashirova T. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The relevance of the research topic lies in the importance of development of small agribusiness entities for increasing production of agricultural products, increasing the level of employment and income of the rural population, solving social problems of the village. The system of public support measures for agricultural sector, developed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan as part of the implementation of the State Program on AIC Development for 2017- 2021, which includes subsidizing production costs, property insurance, preferential taxation, investment subsidies for construction of facilities or their modernization, subsidizing the repayment of the interest rate for concessional lending. The article analyzes the main technical and economic indicators: gross agricultural output by type of activity; structure of agricultural crops, their yield, incl. in small-scale commodity farms of the republic, including general harvest of grain and oilseeds. The authors have developed proposals for the use of a new financial instrument - an agricultural receipt, which allows investors (creditors) to finance agricultural production and sale of goods in small business structures; recommendations for exemption from income tax for a period of three years for taxpayers applying special tax regimes, improving lending to agricultural enterprises by commercial banks, mechanisms that allow in the future to reduce the amount of funds allocated from the state budget to support the industry. It is concluded that the further development of small business structures in AIC and their public support will improve socio-economic processes of the formation and functioning of all forms of family farms on the basis of meeting the needs of the population for food; to increase the employment rates of rural residents, taking into account the development of alternative directions based on cooperation and integration
APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF BREEDING STOCK COWS
Authors:   Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Forage Production, Kalmagambetov M. B. , Karabayeva A.N. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Economy of Agro-Industrial Complex and Rural Development
Published: October 2020

The objectives of this study are to analyze the economic efficiency of using the method of artificial insemination of cows with semen divided by sex, ultrasound for diagnosing inseminated breeding stock livestock and diseases of reproductive function using the example of model dairy farms, which makes it possible to determine the development potential of these farms, to conduct an economic assessment of production level. Based on development materials, calculation of the effectiveness of model farms for production of milk and its processing products is presented, the possibilities of using new technologies for the automation of technological processes are shown. In the future, in research work on organization of similar model farms, an emphasis should be placed on the consideration of indicators reflecting the specifics of their functioning, as well as production and financial results of activities based on a systematic integrated approach. Currently, a significant acceleration of genetic progress in selection and breeding work is facilitated by the use of sex-separated or sexed sperm. In trials conducted in the USA on 211 farms, the fertility of Holstein heifers with sex-sperm reached 47%, Jersey - 53%. In the offspring, 89% of heifers were obtained. In Finland, insemination of cows with sexed sperm with 2 million sperm in a dose provided 20% of calving, as a result of which 82% of heifers were born, while during insemination with ordinary cryopreserved sperm (15 million sperm) - 45 and 49%, respectively. The calculation proposed by the authors is based on identifying the percentage of live calves received from the number of cows and heifers of breeding age available on farms at the beginning of the analyzed year.
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INDUSTRY OF THE SOUTH KAZAKHSTAN REGION: STATE AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Academy ", Gridneva Y. E. ,   Kainar", Kaliakparova G. SH. ,   Academy "Kainar", Kalmanova N. M. ,   Academy "Kainar"
Published: October 2020

The authors studied the possibilities and prospects for the development of fruit and vegetable industry of the South Kazakhstan region. One of the priority sectors of food industry is the fruit and vegetable sector. The article discusses topical issues of increasing the efficiency of functioning of fruit and vegetable production, the solution of which is important for ensuring the food security of the country, since due to the high biological value, vegetables and fruits occupy a special place in the balanced and fortified nutrition of the population. The scientific and practical significance of the prospects for expanding the volume of fruit and vegetable production is noted. Recommendations for the transition to industrial-innovative way, high level of competitiveness of processing of own fruit and vegetable products are presented. The assessment of the degree and conditions of innovative development in the South Kazakhstan region (Almaty, Turkestan, Zhambyl, Kyzylorda regions) is presented. The potential for growing fruit and vegetable crops has been determined. The aspects of the current state of production, storage, processing and marketing of a group of fruits and vegetables in South Kazakhstan are reflected. The directions of innovative activity in the fruit and vegetable subcomplex are analyzed. The necessity of state regulation and stimulation of production of fruits and vegetables has been substantiated. In modern conditions, the most promising area of economic growth in the region is organization of fruit and vegetable clusters. The main directions of further development of fruit and vegetable production in the Southern region are shown for a fuller use of its potential opportunities, expansion of the effective exploitation of natural and economic resources: land, atmospheric factors, irrigation water, cooperation, concentration of capital, new equipment and technologies, provision of the region with food and activation of exports to CIS and foreign countries.
DEVELOPMENT OF MEAT CLUSTER IN ZHAMBYL REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Madiev G. , Bekbossynova A. ,   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for creation and development of industry clusters, their promising areas - the primary link of agro-industrial complex, functioning as a single integrated production and economic system. The article is devoted to solving this urgent problem. The authors note that there is a lack of processing facilities in the republic, while the existing ones remain unloaded. The core is efficient food clusters - these are large processing structures. Conditions, factors, criteria for the organization and effective functioning of the meat cluster were considered on the basis of the Merke plant LLP "Merke Et". At processing enterprises, the researchers believe, it is necessary to master and introduce new, waste-free technologies and they should become the beginning of building integrated structures based on the principle of distributing income from sale of final products in proportion to the contribution of each participant in the integration process. Agribusinesses will also be interested in achieving the full capacity utilization of processing enterprises, since in this case their maximum share in the distributed profit from the sale of finished products is ensured. The authors argue that the integration of enterprises in related industries can be accelerated with active government support. The development of agriculture is considered in close connection with related areas of agro-industrial complex. The generalization of the experience of its intensification in economically developed countries showed that it took place in the mainstream of innovation policy, covering the balance of industries in its composition, development of new technologies of waste-free production at all stages of a single technological cycle from production of agricultural products to the receipt of final product.
Utilizing the Stanislavski System and Core Acting Skills to Teach Actors in Arts Entrepreneurship Courses
Authors: Hart James D.
Published: October 2020

With insight into key pedagogical approaches of theatre training, an understanding of research regarding common psychological characteristics of actors and awareness of identified parallels between arts entrepreneurship and acting course content, arts entrepreneurship instructors can, in their classrooms, increase the likelihood of relating to acting students and subsequently, leverage their students’ inherent and developed skills. Research-based psychological characteristics of actors are offered, as are suggestions to appeal to actors’ general sensibilities (and how they may wish to be engaged). The Stanislavski System is the most popular approach to actor training; its critical structural components are discussed in addition to various offshoots of the original technique. Unique features of acting training such as encouraging imagination, reflection, openness to experience, emotional connections, pursuit of goals and the importance of soft skills are emphasized.
A Community Action Toolkit: A Roadmap for Using Environmental Rights to Fight Pollution
Authors: Moses Elizabeth , Excell Carole
Published: October 2020

Pollution is the leading cause of disease, disability and premature death around the world. But its impacts are not evenly distributed. Poor and marginalized communities often bear the brunt of the environmental, health, and socioeconomic impacts, especially in middle- and low-income countries. Far removed from powerful decision-makers, these communities face multiple barriers in their efforts to fight pollution. Many are unaware of their rights to access pollution information or participate in policymaking decisions, and often lack the advocacy skills needed to form strategic partnerships and effectively engage government officials. Access to information, public participation and justice are environmental rights that not only are fundamental to good environmental governance, but also offer an important tool for improving the development, implementation and enforcement of pollution laws. Strategically applying these rights can enable civil society and local communities to evaluate the environmental and social justice aspects of pollution, demand better compliance with laws and help build a pollution accountability movement. Developed in partnership with more than a dozen civil society organizations across six countries, this toolkit offers practical guidance on how to use environmental rights to fight air, water and solid waste pollution. Designed to support civil society, local community activities and those concerned about pollution, the toolkit enables everyone, everywhere to conduct policy research, collect and use pollution information in decision-making processes, form coalitions and develop advocacy campaigns. Its eight modules feature important concepts, research indicators, worksheets and templates, which can be modified to fit a country’s context and downloaded to complete as a workbook. From Thailand to Morocco to Jamaica, civil society organizations and local communities have already used this toolkit to strengthen their right to a clean, healthy and safe environment. In Indonesia, for example, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry passed a new List of Public Information regulation that required over 111 documents, maps, and reports to be made proactively available. And in Morocco, there is growing civil society engagement with government officials over a newly passed Right to Information law. Communities around the world can follow in their footsteps and use this toolkit to protect lives, livelihoods and the environment from pollution.
Applying Climate Services to Transformative Adaptation in Agriculture
Authors: Ashley Laurie , Carter Rebecca , Ferdinand Tyler , Choularton Richard , Appadurai Nambi , Ginoya Namrata , Preethan Parvathi
Published: October 2020

As climate change increasingly affects agriculture around the world, reliable, timely, and targeted information about weather and climate conditions is becoming an ever more urgent requirement for adaptation decision-making. This paper considers how transformative adaptation – long-term, systemic change to fundamental aspects of systems in response to or anticipation of severe climate change impacts - could be accelerated by enhancing climate services and how they are applied. The paper explores how components of climate services – defined as systems to develop and provide climate information to meet users’ needs - could be enhanced for building and implementing transformative pathways. It looks at current challenges and opportunities in climate service design and suggests how different types of information and data can be used to better integrate climate services into adaptation and development plans for systemic change. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for researchers, policymakers, and adaptation funding entities.
Cool Food Collective Greenhouse Gas Emissions Baseline and 2030 Reduction Target
Authors: Waite Richard , Pozzi Gerard , Vennard Daniel
Published: October 2020

Cool Food is a global initiative that helps dining facilities commit to a science-based target to reduce their food-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 25 percent by 2030 relative to 2015. This paper establishes the baseline estimate for Cool Food members’ collective food-related GHG emissions and also reports the group’s 2030 reduction target. In total, members reported more than 129,000 tonnes (t) of food purchased in the base year. If members met the collective 25 percent GHG emissions reduction target, their actions would reduce the group’s annual emissions by more than 1,071,000 t CO2e per year by 2030 relative to the base year—a reduction equivalent to avoiding the annual tailpipe emissions from more than 230,000 passenger vehicles. We will provide a progress update using the group’s 2019 food purchase data once new data are available.
PENGARUH DESTINATION PERSONALITY TERHADAP REVISIT INTENTION
Authors: Andari Rini , Yuniawati Yeni , P Nadia Utami
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh destination personality terhadap revisit intention diDesa Wisata Cibuluh. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif verifikatif dengan menggunakanmetode explanatory survey. Metode pengambilan sampel melalui purposive teknik sampling dengan jumlahresponden sebanyak 109 orang, yaitu wisatawan yang telah berkunjung ke Desa Wisata Cibuluh danmerasakan kesesuaian personality dirinya dengan Desa Wisata Cibuluh. Teknik analisis data yangdigunakan adalah teknik analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa destinationpersonality memiliki pengaruh terhadap revisit intention pada wisatawan Desa Wisata Cibuluh. Subvariable yang signifikan dalam mempengaruhi revisit intention adalah peacefulness (X2), traditionalism(X3), dan comfort (X4), sedangkan sub variable sincerity dinyatakan tidak signifikan. Peacefulnessmerupakan dimensi dengan nilai tertinggi dan paling dominan dikarenakan unsur kedamaian danketenangan yang dirasakan wisatawan melalui lingkungan desa, kondisi warga lokal serta pemandanganalam yang terdapat di Desa Wisata Cibuluh.
Association of vitamin D levels with preeclampsia
Authors: Sana Shahid  , Asma Ladak  , Syeda Sadia Fatima  , Fatima Abid Zaidi  , Sabah Farhat
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives: This study was aimed to assess maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and  determine the association between maternal 25(OH) D levels with risk of preeclampsia (PE).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 172 pregnant women recruited from JPMC between January and December 2017 who were divided as normotensive (n=80) and pre-eclamptic (n=92) groups. Blood pressure was recorded at 20 and 32 weeks of gestation. Five ml of blood sample was collected at 20 weeks of gestation to assess the vitamin D levels by commercially available ELISA assay.

Results:  PE group had a significantly higher systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic (p<0.001) blood pressure at 20 weeks of gestation. Vitamin D levels were reported to be significantly lower (p<0.001) in the PE group (17.97±9.38 ng/ml) as compared to normotensive group (42.18±25.17 ng/ml). A strong negative correlation of Vitamin D levels with systolic blood pressure (r=-0.428; p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r= -0.375; p<0.001) was found.

Conclusion: This study found a strong relationship between low vitamin D levels and pre-eclamptic manifestation.

Keywords: Vitamin D; Pre-eclampsia; Pregnancy; Hypertension.

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AUTONOMOUS DETECTION OF VEHICULAR WHEEL ALIGNMENT PARAMETERS
Authors: Ameerali Aaron , Sangster Nadine , Ragbir Gerard
Published: October 2020

Vehicular technology has improved tremendously in the last few decades. Drivers and passengers are now being made more aware of their surroundings as well as the state of their cars, ergo becoming increasingly capable of making better decisions. These 'smart-vehicles' are directed by microcontrollers and microprocessors where a network of sensors and actuators provide contextual feedback for the user. Some of these features include parking and reverse assistance, collision avoidance and cruise control. In the coming years, this trend will undergo unprecedented growth as the technologies become cheaper to manufacture and implement. In fact, more advanced systems now alert the driver to realtime critical failures and problematic conditions while the simpler ones do so upon start-up. This paper provides a tested framework for a potential sensing system to alert the driver when the vehicle alignment is off. Vehicle misalignment can become an issue quickly as the following can result: Increased tire tread wear leading to reduced traction with the road's surface and ultimately higher chances of accidents as well as more frequent replacement of the tires becoming necessary. Uneven friction at contact between the road and tire can increase the resistance resulting in higher fuel consumption by the engine. Strain on multiple components within the braking system and suspension as misalignment can cause drift while in motion and additionally uneven braking. A damaged suspension is quite expensive to repair or replace. Early detection of the extent of misalignment can lead to decreased expenditure in the areas of maintenance and fuel consumption, contributing to an increase in reliability. Since many drivers, however experienced they are, may at times be ignorant of the degree of misalignment their vehicle possesses, adding this technology can serve as a potential remedy ultimately improving the user experience and vehicle longevity.
CUDA-ACCELERATED FEATURE SELECTION
Authors: Ramroach Sterling , Herbert Jonathan , Joshi Ajay
Published: October 2020

Identifying important features from high dimensional data is usually done using one-dimensional filtering techniques. These techniques discard noisy attributes and those that are constant throughout the data. This is a time-consuming task that has scope for acceleration via high performance computing techniques involving the graphics processing unit (GPU). The proposed algorithm involves acceleration via the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) framework developed by Nvidia. This framework facilitates the seamless scaling of computation on any CUDA-enabled GPUs. Thus, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient can be applied in parallel on each feature with respect to the response variable. The ranks obtained for each feature can be used to determine the most relevant features to select. Using data from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, our results show an increase in efficiency for multi-dimensional analysis with a more reliable feature importance ranking. When tested on a high-dimensional dataset of 1000 samples and 10,000 features, we achieved a 1,230-time speedup using CUDA. This acceleration grows exponentially, as with any embarrassingly parallel task.
The Diffusion and Significance of People of the Korean Peninsula to the Japanese archipelago during the Paleolithic Age
Authors: Chang Yongjoon
Published: October 2020

The Japanese archipelago began to be occupied by people for the first time after the people migrated from the Korean Peninsula in the Paleolithic Age. Peopling of Japan is presumed to be around the middle Paleolithic or late Paleolithic. There was the Korea strait between the two areas, the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelgo, and it used to be limited for coming and going for the people. However, the sea level changes throughout the Upper Pleistocene caused different patterns in human migration and interaction. In both areas, similar types of stone tools including tanged point, bilateral point, stemmed point, and composite point have been excavated in the late Paleolithic period. It is assumed that these types of stone tools might have been transmitted to Japan from the Korean peninsula. Paleolithic people of the Japanese archipelago were influenced by the stone technique of the Korean peninsula, but made their tools with the local raw materials. Paleolithic people utilized blades and microblades which were common in Northeast Asia. The various shapes of projectile points of the Japanese archipelago found in the Late Paleolithic layers could be influenced by the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, it can be assumed that the hunting method to throw a spear were transferred from the Korean peninsula to the Japanese archipelago based of the technological evidence. The manufacturing techniques of the points verify that they were from the Korean peninsula eventhough the tools were made of the local raw materials. Based on the technological tradition, I conclude that the people who lived on the Korean Peninsula crossed the Korea Strait for the first time during the end of the Middle to the Late Paleolithic.
A Study on the Jadeite Comma-shaped Beads Excavated from Young-nam area on Three Kingdoms Period
Authors: Choi Hye Rin
Published: October 2020

This paper focus on circulation and consumption of jadeite comma-shaped beads in Young-nam area. In the early of the 4C until 5C, the consumption was controlled by Daesung-dong and Bokcheon-dong groups, and It was buried in ruling class and reflect high classes. In the early of the 5C, Geumgwan Gaya had lost the control on surrounding areas, and the circulation spread to the ruling classes of Ham-an and Gyeongju area. In the late of the 5C, the most of consumption was concentrated in Gyeongju area. As phenomenon resulted from a construction of great tombs in Young-nam area, it had appeared in Hapcheon, Goryeong and Changnyeong area. In Gyeongju, the tombs of ruling rank had monopolized the consumption and had established costume system. This costume system was distributed to Gyeongsan area, these areas forged a political relationship. These patterns had continued after the 6C as expanding the influence of Silla on Yeongcheon and Yangsan area. Jadeite commashaped beads are appeared in So Gaya areas while the exchange between Japanese Island is lasting. The circulation had started to surrounding area as expanding the influence of Dae Gaya. The jadeite comma-shaped beads have highly possibility that had flown from Japanese Island. jadeite stone and finished goods had moved to Young nam area and had been produced in the goods. It is also that not only pivotal circulation related to the Kinai(近畿) but also related to the Fukuoka(福岡) and the Hokuriku area(北陸).
A reassessment of so-called Hwangyongsa-style metal belt
Authors: Choi Jung-Bum
Published: October 2020

Discoveries of Hwangnyongsa-style metal belts, usually brackets and belts as well as round and edge ornaments, excavated from the lower part of the pillar built in the center of this wooden pagoda in Gyeongju led the existence of this site to become known. Subsequent excavations have intermittently targeted local burial tombs but few cases have so far been found; it is nevertheless important to carefully consider the appearance, development, and extinction of these tombs as occurrences are only known from a limited time period between the late sixth century and early seventh century. One characteristic feature of Hwangnyongsa-style metal belts is that the ornament and the pattern are raised together; this means that when a belt is worn it buckled by inserting a bracket needle into a round ornament. This is different from the inverted leap-like shape of a metal belt and somewhat similar to the way that these items are depicted as being buckled in Chinese burial mound and mural figures. Most of the patterns seen on these metal belts are also shared with decorative designs seen on reliefs and murals from North dynasty and Sui dynasty ancient tombs; on this basis, these artifacts can be viewed as Chinese-influenced Silla metal belts. Hwangnyongsa-style and Tang-style metal belts have also not been differentiated from one another in conventional interpretations and it has been considered reasonable to assume that the method of ornament making innovatively changed from the use of patterns to none. Hwangnyongsa-style metal belts can therefore be included within the same category as their Tang-style counterparts, as part of the evolution of these items in China. It is known that the Silla dynasty formed political ties with the Chinese dynasty at some point during the middle of the sixth century via the tributary appointment system. This led to a transformation of cultures and products inside China to fit the situation within the Silla dynasty which was then utilized for regional control; the Silla dynasty ruled rural areas by providing Oewie to local forces newly incorporated into the area and by including numerous local owners into the Gyeongwie system subsequent to unification. The time between the mid-sixth century and the early seventh century when the Oewie system was functioning within the Silla dynasty therefore functioned as a tool for regional control and is consistent with the timing of the appearance of Hwangnyongsa-style metal belts in rural areas and changes in their form.
Change and Meaning of Red burnished Two-handled with holes pottery
Authors: Yu Byoungrok
Published: October 2020

It is true that Red burnished pottery is specially handled as a unique artifact because of its distinct characteristics in production process. Among them, Red Burnished Two- handled with holes pottery is unearthed in both dwelling sites and pits. Due to a recent increase in date, The number of unearthed Red Burnished Two-handled with holes pottery is increasing. Therefore, interest in this pottery has grown lately. Most of all, it is notable artifact that even if the period and the site are different, the pottery’s special form attribute makes it can be handled as interregional comparative criterion or indicator for timeliness in the same area. This pottery can be classified in three types. In addition to the three-attribute comparison of the mouth, body and base of the pottery, changes in the handle are identified, particularly in terms of practical purpose, the size of holes in the handle are become bigger continuously. the change occurs with other attribute’s transition. the handle, and changes in the size of the holes are the special attribute which distinguishes this pottery from other vessels. and also, These factors can mean a manifestation of new storage system by changing and using the hole in handles. the I, II types can be placed in the early period(especially in the later part), and Ⅲ types can be placed in the middle period. These features make this pottery as a data to reinforce the existing chronology table. And on the basis of this chronology table, Red Burnished Two-handled with holes pottery can become a criterion that allow us to compare chronologies between different regions or within the same region.
The Specificity of Silla's Ornaments Excavated in the Tombs of Mt. Geumseong
Authors: Kim Jae-Yul
Published: October 2020

The tombs of Mt. Geumseong in the Uiseong area represented an influential political entity that existed in northern Silla during the period of Three Kingdoms. Created at the feet of Mt. Geumseong, Tapri, Hakmiri, and Daeriri are collectively called the tombs of Mt. Geumseong. Interest in the ornaments found in the tombs has continued from the Goguryeo-style gilt bronze crown found in a tomb of Tapri in 1960 to the gilt bronze official hat found in a tomb of Daeriri recently. The materials of ornaments in the tombs of Mt. Geumseong are the same as those excavated in old tombs around Silla, which means that the appearance and development of Silla ornaments in the tombs of Mt. Geumseong was the result of Silla s grant of ornament system that was operated across its territory. The grant of ornament system is an archeological concept to explain the supply and demand patterns of ornaments between the central and local groups of Silla from the perspective of political dynamics. The system was based on the premise that there were the supply and demand sides or the central and local groups in Silla. It was thus predicted that the supply and demand process at the bottom of grant of ornaments was a dual structure of mutual reactions between the two groups. The investigator interpreted the characteristics of Silla s ornaments found in the tombs of Mt. Geumseong based on this. The ornament materials found in the tombs of Mt. Geumseong were categorized into the Goguryeo style, Gyeongju style, and local creations. The use of Goguryeo-style ornaments by the group of tombs of Mt. Geumseong was the result of mutual compromise between the central and local groups of Silla. The supply and demand of Goguryeo-style ornaments developed based on mutual compromise between central Silla, which was conscious of its diplomatic relations with Goguryeo, and the group of tombs of Mt. Geumseong with its geopoliticaluniqueness as a frontier. Later, the percentage of Gyeongju-style ornaments rose in the group of tombs of Mt. Geumseong. A symbolic event took place as the Goguryeo-style Woomo-shaped crown was replaced with the Gyeongju-style Suji-shaped one. It was the result of mutual reactions between the pressure from central Silla to choose Gyeongju-style ornaments according to its anti-Goguryeo policy and the emphasis on pan-Silla identity in the group of tombs of Mt. Geumseong. Ornaments made locally appeared during the period when the percentage of Gyeongju-style ornaments increased. They started with the repair of damaged ornaments and reached the level of making a complete work such as gilt bronze official hats and Isiks. They were the reproduced versions of central Silla s ornaments by the group of tombs of Mt. Geumseong, which is why their creation is not considered to represent the group s independence against pan-Silla identity. The group s reproduction of ornaments beyond the acceptance and acquisition of ornaments from the central region was the result of its active reactions to reinforce pan-Silla identity.