bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon‐SO3Na Catalysed Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate via Transesterification of Glycerol and Dimethyl Carbonate
Authors: Sandhya Rani Gundabathini , Jyotsna Adigopula , Prabhavathi Devi Bethala L. A.
Published: December 2022

Glycerol, a major by‐product from biodiesel industry valorized into glycerol carbonate (GC) employing heterogeneous carbon‐based sulfated sodium (carbon‐SO3Na) catalyst derived from glycerol. Investigations have been conducted to study the influence of reaction parameters such as catalyst dosage, DMC/glycerol molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time for the production of GC in high yield with high selectivity from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) via transesterification process. Under optimized conditions the maximum GC yield (>99 %) with 100 % selectivity was observed with catalyst dose of 1.5 wt.% (of glycerol), DMC/glycerol molar ratio of 3 : 1, reaction temperature of 80 °C in 3 h of reaction period. Further, the catalyst was easily recovered from reaction mixture and reused without any pre‐treatment. The catalyst maintained its crystalline nature with remarkable performance even after 5 cycles of reaction without any deactivation and leaching. The main advantage of the adopted carbon‐SO3Na catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of GC is environmentally benign due to its high yield and selectivity under mild reaction conditions. Thus, the carbon‐SO3Na catalyst has a wide utility as a potential heterogeneous solid base catalyst for several organic transformations.
The interplay between learner autonomy and indirect written corrective feedback in EFL writing
Authors: Pham Luan Nhu
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the relationship between learner autonomy (LA) and indirect written corrective feedback (IWCF) in an EFL writing classroom in Vietnam. Forty‐one intermediate EFL learners from a class of a foundation writing course volunteered to participate in the study. During the course, the teacher provided IWCF in response to the learners' errors and encouraged them to revise, edit, and correct those errors using a set of procedures. The study revealed that the learners with higher autonomy were more successful in correcting errors and in producing error‐free modified pieces of writing than those with lower autonomy. This indicated that there could be a considerable mediating effect of LA on the efficacy of IWCF. It was also found that there seemed to be positive changes in the awareness and learning practices of the learners towards a more autonomous learning at the end of the course. The study suggests that IWCF can be very effective in an autonomy‐supportive learning environment and that IWCF could help EFL learners to be more autonomous in language learning. Various implications are also discussed.
Institutional determinants of ownership stake in cross‐border acquisitions in Africa: The moderating role of geographic distance
Authors: Galdino Katia M. , Ellis Kimberly M. , Lamont Bruce T. , Ariño Africa
Published: December 2022

We look at how emerging markets' institutional features affect ownership stake in cross‐border acquisitions (CBAs) within Africa. Particularly, we show that the presence of shared colonial history between the home and host country and the extent of fractionalization distance and formal institutional distance influence the acquiring firm's decision regarding its ownership stake in the target. Moreover, we show that geographic distance between the home and host country, by augmenting uncertainty faced by acquiring firms, moderates the relationship between these institutional features and ownership stake. We test our hypotheses in a sample of 341 intra‐Africa CBAs from 2001 to 2016. Generally, we find that greater ex ante uncertainty and ex post costs increase ownership stake. Specifically, greater geographic distance strengthens the positive relationship between shared colonial history and ownership stake and reverses the negative relationship between formal institutional distance and ownership stake. As for fractionalization distance, the relationship is more nuanced and needs to be further studied. We contribute to advance research on south–south CBAs in general, particularly within Africa, as well as to extend hostage theory in foreign market entry strategies in and from emerging markets.
Survey of wild boar hunter interactions with pig farming in central Europe
Authors: Jánoska Ferenc , Nagy Eszter , Tari Tamás , Nagy Rebeka Ráhel , Halász Tibor , Varga Gyula , Kovács Melinda , Kemenszky Péter , Nagy Gábor , Csivincsik Ágnes
Published: December 2022

African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal animal disease without zoonotic potential but greatly impacts human well‐being, especially in the most vulnerable human communities. In Europe, ASF concerns mostly the wildlife domain of health. The main vector of the disease is confirmed to be the wild boar, though long‐distance jumps of the infection are due to anthropogenic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of hunting assistant personnel (beaters and carcass handlers) in ASF spread in Hungary. Based on a personal interview survey, we attempted to identify the epidemiological risk caused by hunting activities and the hunting personnel. The interviews with 58 hunting workers confirmed that an extent backyard pig sector (13 pig farmers) and pork production system (31 pork producers) existed within the study region out of the authorities’ sight. Two pig farmers did not wear special working clothes for pig caring, seven pork producers disposed of slaughter offal in the settlements periphery, and six persons regularly contacted distant pig farms. The revealed knowledge, attitude, and practice of the questioned pig farmers suggested that this sector would be very vulnerable in an epidemic situation; moreover, backyard farms would cause a great risk for wildboar populations. Considering that the study region is the third poorest region of Hungary, these findings called attention to the high epidemiologic risk of socioeconomic inequality between different regions within the European Union.
Moisture, organic matter, and large particle correction for accurate Pb portable X‐ray fluorescence assessment in urban soils
Authors: Walser Sandra L. , Sirkovich Eric C. , Richardson Justin B. , McStay Ainsley E. , Perdrial Nicolas
Published: December 2022

The need for accurate quantification of lead concentrations in urban centers around the world is turning attention towards rapid methods for contamination assessment. Portable X‐ray Fluorescence (pXRF) has been recognized as a more accessible alternative to traditional digestion methods. This study was conducted to produce measurement corrections for in‐situ pXRF measurements conducted on field soils under varying conditions of moisture, organic matter (OM) content, and particle size heterogeneity. Urban forest soils were analyzed for Pb under increasing soil moisture, OM, and coarse fraction contents with two different pXRF and the results were compared to reverse aqua regia digestions. While both instruments showed a strong correlation despite using different calibration methods, correction of pXRF data to digestion values improved accuracy but potentially underestimated Pb concentrations. We propose an empirical correction equation derived from the regression of variance between theoretical and observed concentrations to correct for moisture effects. OM and particle size heterogeneity did not produce a significant effect on Pb measurement and did not warrant correction. Our study confirms other work showing that pXRF provides an accurate and precise alternative to traditional digestion methods for Pb screening, provided that moisture is corrected.
Intravascular papillary hemangioendothelioma disguised as a peripheral sheath tumor of median nerve at the wrist: a case report and literature review
Authors: Shah Vrajesh J. , Sung Kerry , Goodwill Vanessa , Huang Brady K. , Abrams Reid
Published: December 2022

Background

Intravascular papillary hemangioendothelioma (IVPH) is a benign lesion previously reported in the nasal cavity, neck, upper extremities, and breast. Diagnosis with cross-sectional imaging can prove difficult, with histopathological examination necessary for diagnosis. IVPH resulting in carpal tunnel symptoms is quite rare.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 37-year-old woman who presented with a radial, volar right wrist mass enlarging over the span of 5 years. She noted numbness and tingling in her wrist and thumb, exacerbated by minor accidental collisions and wrist hyperextension. There was no antecedent trauma. On examination, a mildly tender, mobile mass was evident at the volar aspect of the right wrist. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast demonstrated a lobulated, predominantly T2 hyperintense, heterogeneously enhancing mass thought to be a peripheral nerve sheath tumor. The patient elected for surgical excision of the mass, and the histopathological examination showed organizing thrombi with prominent papillary endothelial hyperplasia. At the 2-month follow-up, the patient had full range of motion of her fingers and wrist, with subjectively normal sensation in the distribution of the median nerve.

Conclusion

Carpal tunnel syndrome, in exceedingly rare occasions, can result from an IVPH. MRI findings may be confused with more common entities. Histopathological confirmation remains necessary for conclusive diagnosis.
Effects of esters’ cetylated fatty acids taping for chronic neck pain with mobility deficit in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Izzo Rosanna , Rossato Mariasole , Tarantino Germano , Mascolo Nicola , Puleio Mauro
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of a protocol treatment based on inelastic adhesive tape with cetylated fatty acids (CFAs) esters in breast cancer survivors with chronic neck pain.

Methods

In this observational study, patients have been visited for chronic neck pain using numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain assessment, Neck Disability Index (NDI) for disability caused by neck pain, and range of movement (ROM) measures for cervical mobility. Scales have been performed at T0, after 15 days of treatment (T1) and successively after 15 days of stop treatment (T2). Patients have been treated with an inelastic adhesive tape with CFA esters (Cetilar® Tape, Pharmanutra Spa, Italy) positioned, 8 h/day for 15 days, on specific anatomic sites (upper trapezius, paravertebral cervical muscles, sub-occipitals, and/or levator scapulae muscles).

Results

Forty-five patients were included in the study. A statistically significant reduction in pain has been reported from T0 to T1 and maintained at T2 (p < 0.05); a statistically significant improvement in the mobility of the cervical spine, as evidenced by ROMs, and in disability, as resulted by Neck Disability Index, have been reported from T0 to T1 and maintained at T2; moreover, ROM at T0 correlates inversely and statistically significantly with NRS and all NDI variables at T0, similarly at T1 and T2 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

CFA ester taping is a simple, effective, and side-effect-free treatment in order to reduce pain and improve cervical mobility in breast cancer survivors with chronic neck pain.
An Algorithmic Assessment of Parole Decisions
Authors: Laqueur Hannah S. , Copus Ryan W.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Parole is an important mechanism for alleviating the extraordinary social and financial costs of mass incarceration. Yet parole boards can also present a major obstacle, denying parole to low-risk inmates who could safely be released from prison. We evaluate a major parole institution, the New York State Parole Board, quantifying the costs of non-risk-based decision-making.

Methods

Using ensemble machine Learning, we predict any arrest and any violent felony arrest within three years to generate criminal risk predictions for individuals released on parole in New York from 2012–2015. We quantify the social welfare loss of the Board’s non-risked-base decisions by rank ordering inmates by their predicted risk and estimating the crime rates that could have been achieved with counterfactual, risk-based release decisions. We also estimate the release rates that could have been achieved holding arrest rates constant. We attend to the “selective labels” problem in several ways, including by testing the validity of the algorithm for individuals who were denied parole but later released after the expiration of their sentence.

Results

We conservatively estimate that the Board could have more than doubled the release rate without increasing the total or violent felony arrest rate, and that they could have achieved these gains while simultaneously eliminating racial disparities in release rates.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the utility of algorithms for evaluating criminal justice decision-making. Our analyses suggest that many individuals are being denied parole and incarcerated past their minimum sentence despite being a low risk to public safety.
TubAR: an R Package for Quantifying Tuber Shape and Skin Traits from Images
Authors: Miller Michael D. , Schmitz Carley Cari A. , Figueroa Rachel A. , Feldman Max J. , Haagenson Darrin , Shannon Laura M.
Published: December 2022

Potato market value is heavily affected by tuber quality traits such as shape, color, and skinning. Despite this, potato breeders often rely on subjective scales that fail to precisely define phenotypes. Individual human evaluators and the environments in which ratings are taken can bias visual quality ratings. Collecting quality trait data using machine vision allows for precise measurements that will remain reliable between evaluators and breeding programs. Here we present TubAR (Tuber Analysis in R), an image analysis program designed to collect data for multiple tuber quality traits at low cost to breeders. To assess the efficacy of TubAR in comparison to visual scales, red-skinned potatoes were evaluated using both methods. Broad sense heritability was consistently higher for skinning, roundness, and length to width ratio using TubAR. TubAR collects essential data on fresh market potato breeding populations while maintaining efficiency by measuring multiple traits through one phenotyping protocol.
Sediment geochemistry of the section Tagay-1 at Olkhon Island (Lake Baikal, Eastern Siberia): a contribution to palaeoenvironmental interpretations
Authors: Ivanova Varvara V. , Shchetnikov Alexander A. , Kiel Steffen
Published: December 2022

The Miocene Tagay section in the north-western part of Olkhon Island, Lake Baikal, provides a unique window into past life in northern Asia. To aid palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, we carried out whole-rock geochemical analyses of 17 sedimentary layers of this section. The aim of this geochemical approach is to examine the element variations as a response to climate change during formation of the Tagay section deposits with a focus on the hydrological regime of the catchment and in-lake processes. Our results establish that temperature and climate conditions during the formation of sediments of section Tagay-1 were fairly stable, no abrupt climatic changes occurred. The palaeoclimate was temperate, however, it had a cyclic nature: wet and semiarid epochs of different intensity and duration alternated. The basal part of the sediment sequence is dominated by terrigeneous material, mainly by surface runoff, so the sedimentation was fed by erosion products of the weathering crust. During sedimentation of this lower part (layers 17–9), the palaeo-lake level and salinity stayed practically unchanged. The drawdown of the palaeo-lake and increasing salinity started in the higher middle part (layer 8), and reached the minimum water level and maximum salinity in layers 7–6. Sediments of the layers 8–6 accumulated in an arid climate. After deposition of layer 5, the water level began to rise, and during formation of layer 3 it fell again. The highest sedimentation rate was in layers 12–5, these are also the layers with the highest enrichment of biogenic elements (layers 12, 7–5) and where carbonate deposition took place. The observed changes in element behaviour are related to hydrological changes in the catchment (precipitation), lake level status, and evaporation, and are ultimately driven by climate.
Usefulness and misrepresentation of phone surveys on COVID-19 and food security in Africa
Authors: Brück Tilman , Regassa Mekdim D.
Published: December 2022

We survey efforts that track food security in Africa using phone surveys during the COVID-19 pandemic. Phone surveys are concentrated in a few countries mostly focusing on a narrow theme. Only a few allow heterogeneous analyses across socioeconomic, spatial, and intertemporal dimensions across countries, leaving important issues inadequately enumerated. We recommend that the scientific community focuses on countries (and regions and groups within countries) where the evidence base is thin, and that policymakers in less researched areas attract more research by improving their statistical capacity, openness, and governance.
Unwinding Toric Degenerations and Mirror Symmetry for Grassmannians
Authors: Coates Tom , Doran Charles , Kalashnikov Elana
Published: December 2022

The most fundamental example of mirror symmetry compares the Fermat hypersurfaces in

$\mathbb {P}^n$

and

$\mathbb {P}^n/G$

, where G is a finite group that acts on

$\mathbb {P}^n$

and preserves the Fermat hypersurface. We generalize this to hypersurfaces in Grassmannians, where the picture is richer and more complex. There is a finite group G that acts on the Grassmannian

$\operatorname {{\mathrm {Gr}}}(n,r)$

and preserves an appropriate Calabi–Yau hypersurface. We establish how mirror symmetry, toric degenerations, blow-ups and variation of GIT relate the Calabi–Yau hypersurfaces inside

$\operatorname {{\mathrm {Gr}}}(n,r)$

and

$\operatorname {{\mathrm {Gr}}}(n,r)/G$

. This allows us to describe a compactification of the Eguchi–Hori–Xiong mirror to the Grassmannian, inside a blow-up of the quotient of the Grassmannian by G.
Terminus change of Kaskawulsh Glacier, Yukon, under a warming climate: retreat, thinning, slowdown and modified proglacial lake geometry
Authors: Main Brittany , Copland Luke , Smeda Braden , Kochtitzky Will , Samsonov Sergey , Dudley Jonathan , Skidmore Mark , Dow Christine , Van Wychen Wesley , Medrzycka Dorota , Higgs Eric , Mingo Laurent
Published: December 2022

Links between proglacial lakes and glacier dynamics are poorly understood but are necessary to predict how mountain glaciers will react to a warmer, wetter climate, where such lakes are expected to increase both in number and volume. Here, we examine a long-term (~120 year) record of terminus retreat, thinning and surface velocities from in-situ and remote sensing observations at the terminus of Kaskawulsh Glacier, Yukon, Canada, and determine the impact of a local proglacial hydrological reorganisation on glacier dynamics. After an initial deceleration during the late 1990s, terminus velocities increased at a rate of 3 m a−2from 2000–12, while proglacial Slims Lake area increased simultaneously. The rapid drainage of the lake in May 2016 substantially altered the velocity profile, decreasing annual velocities by 48% within 3 km of the terminus between 2015 and 2021, at an average rate of ~ 12.5 m a−2. A key cause of the rapid drop in glacier motion was a reduction in flotation of the lower part of the glacier terminus after lake drainage. This has important implications for glacier dynamics and provides one of the first assessments of the impacts of a rapid proglacial lake drainage event on local terminus velocities.
Inhibitory Control and Patterns of Errors in Resolution of Syntactically Ambiguous Sentences
Authors: MAY Kaitlyn E. , SCOFIELD Jason
Published: December 2022

Sentences that have more than one possible meaning are said to be syntactically ambiguous (SA). Because the correct interpretation of these sentences can be unclear, resolving SA sentences can be cognitively demanding for children, particularly with regards to inhibitory control (IC). In this study we provide three lines of evidence supporting the importance of IC in SA resolution. First, we show that children with higher IC resolve more SA sentences correctly. Second, we show that SA resolution is worse on tasks that place higher demands on IC, even for children with high IC. Third, we show that children with higher IC make different types of SA errors than children with lower IC. This study expands understanding of the cognitive skills underlying language and suggests a need to consider task demands on IC when developing educational curriculums.
Risk factors associated with device embolisation or malposition during transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Mumtaz Zeeshan A. , Sagar Pramod , Sivakumar Kothandam , Mohakud Asish R. , Rajendran Monica , Pavithran Sreeja
Published: December 2022

Background:

Device embolisation is a serious adverse event during transcatheter duct closure. This study analyses risk factors for embolisation.

Methods:

Demographic parameters, echocardiographic anatomy, haemodynamics, and procedural characteristics of consecutive duct closures in a tertiary centre over 8 years were analysed. Procedures complicated by embolisation were compared to uncomplicated procedures.

Results:

Fifteen embolisations occurred during 376 procedures. All except one embolisation were in infants. The pulmonary artery: aortic pressure ratio was 0.78 ± 0.22. Embolisation was seen significantly more commonly in Type C tubular ducts. Vascular plugs were more significantly associated with embolisations. Logistic regression analysis showed device embolisation was significantly higher in age group of < 6 months compared to 6–12 months (p = 0.02), higher in those with tubular ducts versus conical ducts (p = 0.003), use of vascular plugs compared to conventional duct occluders (p = 0.05), and in duct closure with undersized devices (p = 0.001). There was no in-hospital mortality. Three patients needed surgical retrieval while others were successfully managed in catheterisation laboratory.

Conclusions:

Device embolisation complicates 4% of transcatheter duct closures, with need for surgery in one-fifth of them. Larger ducts with high pulmonary artery pressures in younger and smaller infants are more often associated with device embolisation. Tubular ducts are more prone for embolisation compared to usual conical ducts. Softer vascular plugs are often associated with embolisations. Intentional device undersizing to avoid vascular obstruction in small patients is a frequent risk factor for embolisation. Precise echocardiographic measurements, correct occluder choice, proper technique and additional care in patients with high pulmonary artery pressures are mandatory to minimise embolisations.
Routine Reversal of the AMOC in an Ocean Model Ensemble
Authors: Dewar William K. , Parfitt Rhys , Wienders Nicolas
Published: December 2022

We describe a form of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variability that we believe has not previously appeared in observations or models. It is found in an ensemble of eddy‐resolving North Atlantic simulations that the AMOC frequently reverses in sign at ∼35°N with gyre‐wide anomalies in size and that reach throughout the water column. The duration of each reversal is roughly 1 month. The reversals are part of the annual AMOC cycle occurring in boreal winter, although not all years feature an actual reversal in sign. The occurrence of the reversals appears in our ensemble mean, suggesting it is a forced feature of the circulation. A partial explanation is found in an Ekman response to wind stress anomalies. Model ensemble simulations run with different combinations of climatological and realistic forcings argue that it is the atmospheric forcing specifically that results in the reversals, despite the signals extending into the deep ocean.
Multi‐Layered Systems for Permanent Geologic Storage of CO2 at the Gigatonne Scale
Authors: Kivi I. R. , Makhnenko R. Y. , Oldenburg C. M. , Rutqvist J. , Vilarrasa V.
Published: December 2022

The effectiveness of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as an imperative decarbonization technology relies on the sealing capacity of a fine‐grained caprock to permanently store CO2 deep underground. Uncertainties in assessing the caprock sealing capacity increase with the spatial and temporal scales and may delay CCS deployment at the gigatonne scale. We have developed a computationally efficient transport model to capture the dynamics of basin‐wide upward CO2 migration in a multi‐layered setting over geological time scales. We find that massive capillary breakthrough and viscous flow of CO2, even through pervasively fractured caprocks, are unlikely to occur and compromise the storage security. Potential leakage from the injection reservoir is hampered by repetitive layering of overlying caprocks. This finding agrees with geologic intuition and should be understandable by the public, contributing to the development of climate policies around this technology with increased confidence that CO2 will be indefinitely contained in the subsurface.
Benthic Pleurocapsales (Cyanobacteria) Blooms Catalyzing Carbonate Precipitation and Dolomitization Following the End‐Permian Mass Extinction
Authors: Wu Siqi , Chen Zhong‐Qiang , Fang Yuheng , Pei Yu , Foster William J.
Published: December 2022

The widespread development of Permian/Triassic boundary microbialites is a key biosedimentary response to the mass extinction event. The microbial communities that precipitated these structures remain, however, poorly resolved. Here, we report abundant columnar microfossils from five Permian‐Triassic successions in South China. Four phases of the microfossil life cycle are recorded: baeocytes, juvenile column, mature column, and baeocyte‐splitting, which are interpreted as Pleurocapsales (cyanobacterial clade that reproduces by multiple fission). The great thickness (up to 13 m) of these microbial deposits and Raman spectrum analysis indicate a strong calcification capacity of the Pleurocapsales. Pronounced peaks of Mg/(Mg + Ca) ratios from microbialite and distinct Mg‐enrichment in microfossils indicate that Pleurocapsales blooms may also have facilitated dolomitization of the microbialites. Common occurrence, strong biomineralization capacity, baffling framework, and the close association with carbonate minerals suggest that Pleurocapsales were key constructors of post‐extinction microbialites.
Carbonate Detection With SuperCam in Igneous Rocks on the Floor of Jezero Crater, Mars
Authors: Clavé E. , Benzerara K. , Meslin P.‐Y. , Forni O. , Royer C. , Mandon L. , Beck P. , Quantin‐Nataf C. , Beyssac O. , Cousin A. , Bousquet B. , Wiens R. C. , Maurice S. , Dehouck E. , Schröder S. , Gasnault O. , Mangold N. , Dromart G. , Bosak T. , Bernard S. , Udry A. , Anderson R. B. , Arana G. , Brown A. J. , Castro K. , Clegg S. M. , Cloutis E. , Fairén A. G. , Flannery D. T. , Gasda P. J. , Johnson J. R. , Lasue J. , Lopez‐Reyes G. , Madariaga J. M. , Manrique J. A. , Le Mouélic S. , Núñez J. I. , Ollila A. M. , Pilleri P. , Pilorget C. , Pinet P. , Poulet F. , Veneranda M. , Wolf Z. U. ,   the SuperCam team
Published: December 2022

Perseverance explored two geological units on the floor of Jezero Crater over the first 420 Martian days of the Mars2020 mission. These units, the Máaz and Séítah formations, are interpreted to be igneous in origin, with traces of alteration. We report the detection of carbonate phases along the rover traverse based on laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), infrared reflectance spectroscopy (IRS), and time‐resolved Raman (TRR) spectroscopy by the SuperCam instrument. Carbonates are identified through direct detection of vibrational modes of CO3 functional groups (IRS and TRR), major oxides content, and ratios of C and O signal intensities (LIBS). In Séítah, the carbonates are consistent with magnesite‐siderite solid solutions (Mg# of 0.42–0.70) with low calcium contents (<5 wt.% CaO). They are detected together with olivine in IRS and TRR spectra. LIBS and IRS also indicate a spatial association of the carbonates with clays. Carbonates in Máaz are detected in fewer points, as: (a) siderite (Mg# as low as 0.03); (b) carbonate‐containing coatings, enriched in Mg (Mg# ∼0.82) and spatially associated with different salts. Overall, using conservative criteria, carbonate detections are rare in LIBS (∼30/2,000 points), IRS (∼15/2,000 points), and TRR (1/150 points) data. This is best explained by (a) a low carbonate content overall, (b) small carbonate grains mixed with other phases, (c) intrinsic complexity of in situ measurements. This is consistent with orbital observations of Jezero crater, and similar to compositions of carbonates previously reported in Martian meteorites. This suggests a limited carbonation of Jezero rocks by locally equilibrated fluids.
Performance of Two‐Moment Stratiform Microphysics With Prognostic Precipitation in GFDL's CM4.0
Authors: Guo Huan , Ming Yi , Fan Songmiao , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Zhang Rong , Zhao Ming , Zhou Linjiong
Published: December 2022

We describe the model performance of a new global coupled climate model configuration, CM4‐MG2. Beginning with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's fourth‐generation physical climate model (CM4.0), we incorporate a two‐moment Morrison‐Gettelman bulk stratiform microphysics scheme with prognostic precipitation (MG2), and a mineral dust and temperature‐dependent cloud ice nucleation scheme. We then conduct and analyze a set of fully coupled atmosphere‐ocean‐land‐sea ice simulations, following Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 protocols. CM4‐MG2 generally captures CM4.0's baseline simulation characteristics, but with several improvements, including better marine stratocumulus clouds off the west coasts of Africa and North and South America, a reduced bias toward “double” Intertropical Convergence Zones south of the equator, and a stronger Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). Some degraded features are also identified, including excessive Arctic sea ice extent and a stronger‐than‐observed El Nio‐Southern Oscillation. Compared to CM4.0, the climate sensitivity is reduced by about 10% in CM4‐MG2.
XPS, structural and antimicrobial studies of novel functionalized halloysite nanotubes
Authors: Al-Gaashani Rashad , Zakaria Yahya , Gladich Ivan , Kochkodan Viktor , Lawler Jenny
Published: December 2022

A novel robust preparation method based on thermal salt decomposition has been elaborated for synthesis of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) impregnated with silver and iron oxide nanoparticles. The developed method is simple, time-effective, and can be employed for large scale material fabrication. Different characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron spectroscopy (SEM and TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) have been used to characterize the functionalized HNTs composite materials. Surface elemental and chemical state analysis was conducted using X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The functionalized HNTs exhibit enhanced total surface area (by 17.5%) and pore volume (by 11%) compare to the raw HNTs calculated by using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. It was shown that functionalized HNTs possess high antimicrobial properties towards both gram- positive and gram-negative bacteria species. The enhanced surface area and bactericidal properties of functionalized HNTs could be beneficial for employing of the prepared material as low cost filtration media for water treatment applications. Molecular dynamics (FPMD) were performed to obtain insights about possible physiochemical mechanisms for chemical adsorption and on the HNT thermal stability.
Associations of overall and specific carbohydrate intake with anxiety status evolution in the prospective NutriNet-Santé population-based cohort
Authors: Kose Junko , Duquenne Pauline , Robert Margaux , Debras Charlotte , Galan Pilar , Péneau Sandrine , Hercberg Serge , Touvier Mathilde , Andreeva Valentina A.
Published: December 2022

We investigated the association between carbohydrate intake and anxiety evolution within the general-population NutriNet-Santé cohort (N = 15,602; 73.8% female; mean age = 53.8y; mean follow-up = 5.4y). Carbohydrate intake was estimated at baseline from ≥ 2 24-h dietary records. Trait anxiety (STAI-T) was measured once at baseline (2013–2016) and once at follow-up (2020), resulting in 4 groups: “None” = absence of high anxiety (STAI-T > 40 points) at any time point; “Transient” = high anxiety only at baseline; “Onset at follow-up” = high anxiety only at follow-up; “Persistent” = high anxiety at baseline and follow-up. Polytomous logistic regression models revealed that sweetened beverage intake was associated with higher odds of “Transient” anxiety (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.11; 95% CI 1.02–1.21). Intake of complex carbohydrates (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.12; 1.01–1.25) was associated with higher odds of anxiety “Onset at follow-up.” The % energy from carbohydrates (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.11; 1.03–1.19), intakes of total carbohydrates (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.10; 1.03–1.18) and complex carbohydrates (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.09; 1.02–1.17) were associated with higher odds of “Persistent” anxiety, whereas 100% fruit juice intake showed lower odds of “Persistent” anxiety (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.87; 0.81–0.94). This prospective study found significant associations between dietary carbohydrate intake and anxiety status evolution among French adults. The findings could help inform dietary interventions aimed at anxiety prevention and management.
Bridge-DNA synthesis triggered by an allosteric aptamer for the colorimetric detection of pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Wang Jingtong , Cao Yongqiang , Li Zhao , Dong Meiling , Dou Wei , Xu Xiaoping , He Shengbin
Published: December 2022

Sensitive quantification of E. coli O157:H7 through bridge-DNA synthesis triggered by an allosteric aptamer.
A new non-complex synthesis of NiO nanofoams for hydrogen storage applications
Authors: Thill Alisson S. , Lima Dirléia S. , Perez-Lopez Oscar W. , Manfro Robinson L. , Souza Mariana M. V. M. , Baptista Daniel L. , Archanjo Bráulio S. , Poletto Fernanda , Bernardi Fabiano
Published: December 2022

NiO nanofoams show improved results for hydrogen storage applications.
Core–shell nanoheterodimers: laser-assisted deposition of single bimetallic Au@M (M = Au, Ag, Pd, Pt) nanodots on TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Fenghuan , Bai Qingguo , Xia Chenghui , Hao Junjie , Gayot Marion , Delville Jean-Pierre , Delville Marie-Helene
Published: December 2022

The different core–shell morphologies in nanoheterodimers, which can be obtained after two-step UV laser irradiation of a TiO2 solution containing metallic salts and role of lattice constant and work function mismatch on the shell.
A comprehensive review of optical diffusers: progress and prospects
Authors: Zhou Le , Liu Sijie , Zhong Tingjun
Published: December 2022

This review summarizes the main types, processing methods, and applications of optical diffusers in LCDs, LED lighting, OLEDs, and solar cells. The tunable ones accelerate their applications in flexible opto-electronic, holographic, or 3D displays.
Correlation between oxygen evolution reaction activity and surface compositional evolution in epitaxial La0.5Sr0.5Ni1−xFexO3−δthin films
Authors: Adiga Prajwal , Wang Le , Wong Cindy , Matthews Bethany E. , Bowden Mark E. , Spurgeon Steven R. , Sterbinsky George E. , Blum Monika , Choi Min-Ju , Tao Jinhui , Kaspar Tiffany C. , Chambers Scott A. , Stoerzinger Kelsey A. , Du Yingge
Published: December 2022

A Ni–Fe based perovskite oxide catalyzes the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), coupled with changes in local composition and structure identified by virtue of an epitaxial thin film geometry.
Hafnium-doped zirconia ferroelectric thin films with excellent endurance at high polarization
Authors: Cao Yating , Zhang Wei , Li Yubao
Published: December 2022

ZHO (3 : 1) thin film, prepared by thermal ALD and postdeposition annealing, exhibits a giant polarization of 41 μC cm−2 in a 10 nm film and outstanding endurance, holding up for over 109 cycles at 27 μC cm−2 and for up to 1 × 107 cycles at 41 μC cm−2.
Data-driven prediction of in situ CO2 foam strength for enhanced oil recovery and carbon sequestration
Authors: Iskandarov Javad , Fanourgakis George S. , Ahmed Shehzad , Alameri Waleed , Froudakis George E. , Karanikolos Georgios N.
Published: December 2022

Data-driven approaches for foams can be a time- and data-efficient alternative method to experimental and conventional modeling techniques.
Aktuelles Management des Basalzellkarzinoms
Authors: Krieter Manuel , Schultz Erwin
Published: December 2022

Ziel der Studie Der aktuelle Standard von Diagnostik und Therapie des Basalzellkarzinoms soll dargestellt werden. Hieraus sollen sinnvolle Vorgehensweisen für das klinische Management abgeleitet werden.

Methodik Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in der Online-Datenbank PubMed. Die gesammelten Informationen wurden analysiert und bewertet. Aus den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wurde ein Gesamtkonzept erstellt.

Ergebnisse Das Basalzellkarzinom ist der häufigste Tumor des Menschen und die Inzidenz wird voraussichtlich künftig weiter zunehmen. Beim Management der Erkrankung wird eine eindimensionale Orientierung am klinischen bzw. histologischen Basalzellkarzinom-Subtyp der Heterogenität des Tumors nicht gerecht. Zunehmende Bedeutung gewinnt die primäre Durchführung einer Risikostratifizierung, die für die weiteren diagnostischen und therapeutischen Schritte maßgeblich ist. Goldstandard in der Behandlung bleibt weiterhin das operative Vorgehen, welches möglichst mittels mikrografisch kontrollierter Chirurgie erfolgen sollte. Daneben existieren weitere Therapieverfahren wie die Radiotherapie oder eine Reihe an topischen Therapieoptionen (photodynamische Therapie, Kryotherapie oder Applikation von 5-Fluoruracil bzw. Imiquimod), die in bestimmten Fällen zur Anwendung kommen können. Auch für fortgeschrittene oder metastasierte Basalzellkarzinome stehen mit den Hedgehog-Inhibitoren wirksame Medikamente zur Verfügung, für die inzwischen eine mehrjährige Anwendungserfahrung hinsichtlich Wirksamkeit und Umgang mit unerwünschten Ereignissen vorliegt. Mit dem PD-1-Inhibitor Cemiplimab steht seit Juni 2021 eine weitere therapeutische Option für nicht operable oder metastasierte Tumoren bereit.

Schlussfolgerung Das Basalzellkarzinom wird in den kommenden Jahren weiter an Relevanz in der täglichen dermatologischen Praxis gewinnen. Eine strukturierte Herangehensweise zur Einschätzung der vorliegenden Risikokategorie des Tumors und die anschließende Festlegung des optimalen Therapieregimes sind von zentraler Bedeutung. Fortgeschrittene oder metastasierte Tumoren stellen keine aussichtslose Situation für den Patienten mehr dar. Durch adaptierte Dosierschemata kann ein nebenwirkungsbedingter Therapieabbruch unter langfristiger Hedgehog-Therapie vermieden werden. Ebenso kann das therapeutische Potenzial des PD-1-Inhibitors Cemiplimab unter dem von anderen Hautkrebsarten bekannten Nebenwirkungsprofil genutzt werden.
A Brachial Artery Pseudoaneurysm Treated with a Bifurcated Y-Shaped Artificial Vessel Graft
Authors: Oh Joon seok , Eun Seokchan
Published: December 2022

Brachial artery aneurysms are rare diseases that may be caused by infection or trauma. We report a case of a 71-year-old man who presented with a mass in his right antecubital fossa that increased in size slowly over time. Three years ago, the patient underwent ascending and total-arch replacement with artificial vessel graft to treat aortic root and ascending aorta aneurysm. Preoperative physical examination of right upper extremity showed a nonpulsatile mass with normal pulse of axillary, brachial, and radial arteries. The mass was removed and brachial artery reconstruction was done initially using saphenous vein graft. Two months later, the patient revisited with recurrent pseudoaneurysm, involving the bifurcation point of brachial artery. Aneurysm was totally resected and the brachial artery was reconstructed by interposition graft using a bifurcated GORE-TEX artificial vessel graft. The patient healed without complication and no recurrence was observed. Artificial vessel graft is an available option for reconstruction, and revascularization of vessel defect after excision of brachial artery aneurysm may involve bifurcation point.
The Treatment of Linear and Narrow Scar after Craniotomy Using the Follicular Unit Excision
Authors: Okochi Hiromi , Onda Masamitsu , Momosawa Akira , Okochi Masayuki
Published: December 2022

Background The scar alopecia after cranioplasty (SAC) may decrease the patient's quality of life. We have treated SAC using follicular unit extraction (FUE). The aim of this study was to discuss that efficacy of FUE and how much hair follicular unit (FU) should be transplanted intraoperatively for the treatment of SAC.

Methods We treated 10 patients (4 men and 6 women) who had SAC using FUE.

Results The average age, alopecia size, and intraoperative hair density on the graft area were 29.8 ± 12.1 years, 29.8 ± 44.5 cm2, and 34.6 ± 11.8 FU/cm2, respectively. One year postoperatively, the average hair survival rate on the graft area was 66.3 ± 6.1%. Hair appearance was rated as good in six, fair in three, and poor in one. Among patients whose 1-year postoperative hair density was ≥ 20 FU/cm2, five of six patients achieved good results. However, among patients whose 1-year postoperative hair density was < 20 FU/cm2, all four patients achieved fair or poor results. The postoperative hair density was significantly higher in patients whose 1-year postoperative hair density was ≥ 20 FU/cm2 than in patients whose 1-year postoperative hair density was < 20 FU/cm2. The rate of achieving fair or poor results was significantly higher if the postoperative hair density was < 20 FU/cm2 than if it was ≥ 20 FU/cm2 (p = 0.047).

Conclusions FU excision is useful for the treatment of scar alopecia after craniotomy. Our results suggest that the 1-year postoperative hair density should exceed 20 FU/cm2 to achieve good outcomes.
Easy and Simple Techniques to Reconstruct Natural Nailfold with the Wrap-around Flap for Finger Reconstruction
Authors: Matsusue Takeo
Published: December 2022

The wrap-around flap (WAF) has become a popular approach to thumb reconstruction because the results are functionally and cosmetically excellent. By modifying to a partial toenail transfer, the WAF can also be used for finger reconstruction. However, performing cosmetically superior finger reconstruction is a significant challenge because it is difficult to reconstruct the natural nailfold by partial nail transplantation, although partial nail transplantation is required to reconstruct a narrow fingernail. One side of the reconstructed lateral nailfold tends to be a missing nail margin, and one side of the proximal nailfold angle tends to be retracted. Based on the rationale that loss of the lateral nailfold volume due to the postoperative tension of the volar flap would result in a missing nail margin, the volume of the lateral nailfold was maintained with a single thread that was passed from the nail to the volar flap. Additionally, half of the proximal nailfold from the nail plate was elevated to advance it forward. The results indicated that a cosmetically natural nailfold was achieved with the WAF approach to finger reconstruction. These easy and simple techniques enable reconstruction of a cosmetically natural nailfold using WAF for finger reconstruction.
Ein Jahr Karl Lauterbach: Minister auf Bewährung
Authors: Doelfs Guntram , Rößing Sabine
Published: December 2022

Karl Lauterbach (SPD) ist mit Vorschusslorbeeren ins Ministeramt gestartet, die Erwartungen waren groß. Ein Jahr später schwankt die Meinung der Gesundheitsbranche über die Leistung des Ministers zwischen Frustration und Verärgerung. Alle eint: Lauterbach muss endlich liefern – oder er scheitert.
Disentangling complex weather with machine learning analysis
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: December 2022

Machine learning methods provide insight into the nonlinear system of mid-latitude weather.
Mammary gland organoids self-organize into highly branched structures
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: December 2022

Findings driven by the oscillatory and collective migration patterns of organoid development set benchmark for future dynamical characterizations of organoid behavior in 3D cell aggregates.
Untangling the mysteries of polymer blend phase separation dynamics
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: December 2022

Shedding light on the role of time- and composition-dependent changes in component frictions
Growth and development of pouch young in the rabbit-eared bandicoot, Macrotis lagotis (Peramelidae).
Authors: Hulbert A. J.
Published: December 2022

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A Nyctimene (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) specimen supposedly from Wee Jasper, New South Wales.
Authors: McKean J. L.
Published: December 2022

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The foeto-maternal relationship and its significance in marsupial reproduction: a unifying hypothesis.
Authors: Moors P. J.
Published: December 2022

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Type locality of Rattus villosissimus.
Authors: Calaby J. H. , Taylor J. M.
Published: December 2022

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A new record of the false water-rat, Xeromys myoides, from the Northern Territory of Australia.
Authors: Redhead T. D. , McKean J. L.
Published: December 2022

Two specimens of the false water-rat, Xeromys myoides, were captured recently in the Daly River region of the Northern Territory. The last previous collection of this species in the Northern Territory was in I 903. The rats were trapped in short grass on the edges of lagoons. This habitat is threatened by buffalo, pigs and, to a lesser extent, feral and domestic cattle. It is concluded that the future of the false water-rat is endangered by such damage. X. myoides exhibits a number of adaptations for aquatic life which were not previously recognized.
An electrophoretic comparison of three blood proteins in dingoes and domestic dogs.
Authors: Shaughnessy P. D. , Newsome A. E. , Corbett L. K.
Published: December 2022

Blood of dingoes and domestic dogs were compared electrophoretically for five loci encoding the proteins transferrin, haptoglobin and haemoglobin. No differences were found. An artifact may be created in the haptoglobin phenotype if the serum is not saturated with haemoglobin, two bands appearing in the starch gel instead of one. Dingoes and domestic dogs may be closely related, therefore, though the possibility of extensive hybridisation cannot be dismissed. Immunoglobulins may be better genetic markers to study, as in man.
Locality records for some mammals in north Queensland.
Authors: Elder R. J.
Published: December 2022

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Response of Antechinus stuartii to leeches.
Authors: Braithwaite R. W.
Published: December 2022

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Adoptive suckling in pinnipeds.
Authors: Stirling I.
Published: December 2022

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A colour aberration in the Herbert River Ringtail, Pseudocheirus herbertensis (Petauridae: Marsupialia).
Authors: Dyck S. Van
Published: December 2022

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Growth and development in Acrobates pygmaeus (Burramyidae: Marsupialia).
Authors: Fanning F. D. , Watkins K.
Published: December 2022

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Gait transition in the brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Authors: Molnar R. E. , Goldfinch A. J.
Published: December 2022

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