bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case of Kleptomania and Death from Cerebral Uræmia [Observation d'un Cas de Kleptomanie terminé par un Accès urémique à forme nerveuse]. (Rev. de Psychiat., No. 8, 1901.) Meunier
Authors: Macevoy H. J.
Published: August 2008

On January 12th, 1901, H—, æt. 40 years, was admitted to Sainte Anne Asylum, having just escaped imprisonment, owing to Dr. Garnier's certificate of “mental debility, melancholia, confusion of ideas, excitement at intervals, want of appreciation of his condition, etc.” A few days later he came under the care of Dr. Marie at Villejuif. He became troublesome on account of his pilfering habits. On seven or eight occasions he robbed patients of such things as books, ink-stands, pencils, etc. When the objects were found in his pockets, he always maintained that he was driven to steal in spite of himself. In March, he was placed on a diet without salt—or rather with a minimum of salt—(75 grains a day in his bread and milk); in addition, he was given 30 grains of bromide of potassium per diem. On the first day, (March 1st) of this treatment he committed a robbery, but never after. Moreover, his demented appearance improved somewhat, and he became sociable with the other patients; towards the middle of the month he began to occupy himself. At the end of March, he was put on ordinary diet, and the bromide of potassium suppressed, but the kleptomania did not recur. From April 1st to June 19th, he was quiet and well behaved, and presented nothing unusual. Suddenly, on June 15th, he presented slight left hemiplegia on getting up in the morning; he got up, although dazed and complaining of severe headache; at 7 o'clock he was seized with epileptiform convulsions lasting five minutes, followed by coma with high temperature, and ending fatally on the third day. There was marked albuminuria. Venesection was performed. At the autopsy large congested inflamed kidneys were found, and hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver. The interest of the case is the apparent cure of the kleptomania under the influence of the bromide and cutting off the table salt.
The Bed Treatment of Insanity [Le Traitement par le Repos au Lit en Médecine mentale]. (Arch. de Neurol., May, 1901.) Paris, A.
Authors: Sainsbury Harrington
Published: August 2008

Dr. Paris confirms by his testimony the value of rest in bed in the treatment of the insane. He also points out that it does not really raise the expense of maintenance appreciably, for if, on the one hand, it necessitates an increase in the staff of attendants, it obviates the cost of the destructiveness of the maniacal patient, and the greater and more prolonged consumption of sedative medicines, etc. Another aspect of this question is the lessened call for surgical treatment which rest in bed brings with it; thus the metrorrhagias, wounds, and fractures are much less in evidence, and one accident in particular is of much less frequent occurrence, viz. hernia.
Some further Remarks upon Night Nursing and Supervision in Asylums
Authors: Elkins Frank Ashby
Published: August 2008

A paper upon the subject of “Night Nursing and Supervision in Asylums,” by Dr. Middlemass and the writer, was read at the Annual Meeting of this Association in 1899, in which the practices pursued and the results obtained at the Sunderland Asylum during a period of four years were fully dealt with, and it was advocated—
Ambidexterity [L'Homme droit et l'Homme gauche: les Ambidextres]. (Revue philosophique, October, 1901.) Biervliet, J. J. van.
Authors: Ellis Havelock
Published: August 2008

Professor van Biervliet has now completed his very careful study of right-sidedness and left-sidedness (already summarised in the Journal) by a still more careful investigation of ambidextrous persons. In the first place by photography, according to a special and uniform method, he finds that in the ambidextrous the two sides of the face, as well as the arms, are fairly alike, the face being slightly more developed on the right side, as among left-sided people, but not in so marked a degree. They occupy much the same position, indeed, throughout the investigation. When compared with right-sided and left-sided people as regards sensory acuteness, it is found that while the right-sided have predominant sensory acuteness on the right side, both the left-sided and the ambidextrous can see further, hear better, possess more acute tactile and muscular sense, on the left side, so that ambidexterity may be regarded as a variety of left-sidedness of more symmetrical anatomical type. In all respects the ambidextrous almost or quite resembled the left-sided.
On the Action of the Bromides during Hypochlorisation [Mécanisme de l'Action des Bromures avec l'Hypochloruration]. (Rev. de Psychiat., September, 1901.) Laufer, R. J.
Authors: Sainsbury Harrington
Published: August 2008

Reference to this subject has been made on more than one occasion in the pages of this Journal, but the matter is of sufficient importance to call for further notice. Dr. Laufer considers as proved that hypochlorisation, i. e. the reduction of the chlorides in the dietary, enhances the efficacy of the bromides in the treatment of epilepsy. This method of treatment we owe to Drs. Ch. Richet and Toulouse. The object of the present paper is to explain the modus operandi. It is pointed out in the first place that, without the addition of an atom of salt, the dietary, provided that it is a physiological one, contains a sufficiency of NaCl, that the customary use of salt as a condiment and as a culinary addition furnishes a luxus supply, and that the withdrawal of this luxus, without producing any harmful effect, makes itself felt as a slight reduction in the NaCl exchange of the tissues. Next reference is made to the tendency of bromides to accumulate in the tissues generally, and in particular in those of the liver and brain, observers differing as to the greater relative affinity of these two organs for the bromide. We are then asked if it would be surprising that in the presence of a deficiency of chlorides such kindred salts as the bromides should fix themselves in the tissues in greater quantity after the manner of a substitution. That such substitution does in fact obtain has been proved by various observers by the demonstration, e.g., that hydriodic and hydrobromic acids appear in the stomach, and to some extent replace hydrochloric acid when animals are given iodides and bromides in appreciable quantities; and yet more directly it has been shown that the administration of bromides during hypochlorisation may raise the bromide contents of the tissues above that of the chlorides even (Nencki and Schumow Simanowski).
On Dreams [Le rêve]. (Rev. Scient., June 8th, 1901.) Bergson
Authors: Macevoy H. J.
Published: August 2008

This is the subject of a lecture delivered before the Institut Psychologique. The part played in dreams by visual sensations of internal and external origin is all-important, but auditory sensations as well often determine the character of certain dreams. And so with sensations of touch. The author mentions interesting observations illustrating these points. One must remember that in what we call natural sleep our senses continue to work. Although they work with less precision they receive numerous impressions, which, while they would attract no notice during the waking period, may be vivid during sleep. The colours, the changing forms, which appear when our eyes are closed, constitute the material of our dreams; they do not produce them, because they are vague and ill-defined. Memory forms our dreams. Recollections of objects perceived more or less clearly, more or less difficult to recall during the waking state; these give shape to our dreams, although we cannot always recognise this. A conjunction of the two factors, memory and sensation, constitutes the dream. The author also examines the question of the psychological characteristic of sleep, the real or essential difference between perceiving and dreaming. It is not abolition of reasoning. To sleep is to be disinterested. In dreaming the same faculties are exercised as during the waking state, but they are in a state of relaxation, not in a state of tension. We hear a dog barking during sleep; we dream in consequence of an assembly murmuring, shouting, etc.; no effort is required. To associate the noise with the barking of a dog requires a positive effort. This force the dreamer lacks, and herein he differs from the subject awake. Other differences might be deduced from this essential difference. The author mentions especially three points: the incoherence of dreams, the abolition of the sense of duration which dreams often appear to manifest, and the order in which recollections appear before the dreamer, to fit in with the sensations actually present.
5. Clinical Neurology and Psychiatry
Authors: Stoddart W. H. B.
Published: August 2008

Argyll-Robertson pupil is an acknowledged sign of tabes and of general paralysis, both of which diseases have a close relation to syphilis. The authors have set themselves the task of determining whether this sign, when it occurs in cases other than tabetics or general paralytics, has any relation to previous syphilis in the patients.
On the Symptomatology of Tabes Dorsalis in the Pre-ataxic Stage, and on the Influence of Optic Atrophy on the Course of the Disease [Zur Symptomatologie der Tabes Dorsalis im praeataktischen Stadium, und über den Einfluss des Optischatrophie auf den Gang der Krankheit]. (Monat. f. Psychiat. u. Neurol., July and August, 1900.) Förster
Authors: Stoddart W. H. B.
Published: August 2008

This is an analysis of twenty-seven cases of tabes in the pre-ataxic stage. They do not appear to be all undoubted cases of tabes. For example, the diagnosis of Case 18 is made solely on the fact that the patient has had syphilis and now has optic atrophy; and the author rather begs the question in the second half of his paper by asking, “What would become of diagnosis if there existed a genuine nontabetic optic atrophy?”
On Objective Signs of Disturbed Sensation in Cases of Traumatic Neurosis—so called [Ueber objective Symptome der Stürungen der Sensibilität bei den sogen traumatischen Neurosen]. (Monats. f. Psychiat. u. Neurol., February, 1901.) Bechterew
Authors: Stoddart W. H. B.
Published: August 2008

In cases of traumatic neurosis we are often called upon to decide whether complaints by patients of disturbed sensibility are well founded or due to malingering. In the present paper Bechterew draws attention to the importance in such cases of observing the objective signs of disturbed sensation—anæsthesia, hyperæsthesia, paræsthesia, or pain. Though first described by Mannkopf, the author claims priority in establishing the importance of these signs.
Differential diagnosis between Hysteria and Katatony [Beiträge zur differential Diagnose der Hysterie und Katatonie]. (Allgem. Zeitsch. f. Psychiat., B. lviii, H. 5 and 6.) Kaiser, O.
Authors: Ireland William W.
Published: August 2008

He describes at considerable length two patients in the Asylum of Alt-Scherbitz, one, which he calls a typical case of katatony, becoming finally dementia prócox; the other, a young student with hysterical convulsive attacks and hallucinatory states and delirium. Kaiser regards hysteria as an abnormal mental susceptibility of the nervous system, by which it becomes prone to yield either to outward suggestions or to fanciful notions formed within the mind of the patient. Through this hyper-suggestibility, whole association systems are diverted from their functions, and the activity of others heightened. The differential diagnosis between katatony and aggravated hysteria is stated to be, that in the former there is a childish mental weakness, a state of depression with few ideas, passing into dementia, which contrasts with the selfish caprice, cunning, and persistence of purpose in the hysterical patient.
Importance of Stimulus in Repair and Decay of the Nervous System
Authors: Mott F. W.
Published: August 2008

The title of my paper is almost a platitude, for we all know from experience that stimulus is essential for the generation and regeneration of nerve structures and function; and that the importance of stress (excess of stimulus) incidental to modern civilisation and town life in the production of nervous diseases and insanity is beyond dispute; yet when we are asked to give precise data to prove these premises, the matter is not so easy.
General Paralysis in Twins [Observation de paralysie générate gêmellaire homomorphe; délire des négations]. (Arch, de Neurol., No. 77, May, 1902.) Keraval and Raviart
Authors: Macevoy H. J.
Published: August 2008

A. D. Q— was admitted into Armentières Asylum, September 14th, 1888, at the age of 39. His early symptoms began apparently after the death of his wife about four months before; he was depressed, said he couldn't eat, that he was dead, left off working, and stayed in bed. On admission he presented all the signs of general paralysis of the melancholic type, with delusions of negation. The disease progressed rapidly, and he died in January, 1889.
5. Pathology of Insanity
Authors: Gilmour J. R.
Published: August 2008

This number is wholly occupied by a paper on this condition. The author has already in previous numbers described seven cases, and he now records fourteen others, in addition to which he has collected from various sources over fifty cases.
Concerning the Significance of Central Chromatolysis with Displacement of Nucleus in the Cells of the Central Nervous System of Man
Authors: Turner John
Published: August 2008

A Large amount of both experimental and clinical work has now accumulated around this subject. I need only briefly mention the main results of the former, as they have been so often referred to by others that they are now probably familiar to all workers in this field.
Superannuation Allowances for Scottish Asylum Workers. a Discussion opened
Authors: Johnstone J. Carlyle
Published: August 2008

Dr. Carlyle Johnstone, introducing the discussion, said: It is several years since any active steps have been taken by the Scottish Division, or by the Association itself, to obtain retiring allowances for the officers and servants of Scottish district and parochial asylums. Nothing has been done in the interval by the State or the local authorities to satisfy our reasonable claims or to remove the special injustice under which Scotland suffers. A memorial on this subject was presented to the Lord Advocate by the Scottish Division in 1877, and a similar memorial was presented to the Secretary for Scotland, Lord Lothian, in 1887. The representations of the Division were politely received, but no practical results have followed. It may be considered that it would be futile to send in a third petition; but the present Secretary for Scotland has never been approached by our body, and he may fairly consider that if we do not ask for pensions we do not want them. There is reason to believe that at any moment a Bill for the amendment of the Scottish Lunacy Acts may be introduced into the House of Commons. We should leave no stone unturned in order to secure that in this Bill provision shall be made for the granting of superannuation allowances in all Scottish public asylums. I have brought this question before the Asylum Workers' Association and the Parliamentary Committee of the Medico-Psychological Association, and both of these bodies have now memorialised Lord Balfour on behalf of the Scottish asylum workers. In my opinion our Scottish Division should do the same. The conditions of service in Scotland are so anomalous, so grossly unfair as compared with those in England and Ireland, that, if only we keep on protesting and agitating the matter, we may reasonably expect by our continual importunity to obtain justice sooner or later. At each General Election we ought to approach every candidate for Parliamentary honours, lay our case before them, and obtain from them individually, if possible, an expression of their sympathy with our claim and a promise to vote for a Bill which shall satisfy this claim. This is what we ought to have done at the last General Election. I hope that this meeting will resolve that this shall be done at the next one. It does not appear to me to be opportune to approach Members of Parliament at this moment. In a decaying House, with a dwindling majority on the side of the Government and many Members proposing to go into retirement at the dissolution, we can scarcely expect Members to pledge themselves to vote for what cannot be regarded as a “popular” or “economical” measure. But we ought, I think, to get into touch with Lord Balfour at once, and make plans for bringing pressure to bear on all Scottish candidates at the General Election, which may possibly occur at an early date.
Frequency of Occurrence of Granular Ependyma in General Paralysis
Authors: Blachford J. V.
Published: August 2008

A granular condition of the ventricular ependyma has long been recognised as a pathological condition in various cases of insanity, and is so common in cases of general paralysis that we are surprised when it is not present. It is, however, by no means confined to that specific class of case, but exists in others, and, although not so frequent, is sufficiently common to make one inquire into its cause and as to its bearing, if any, on insanity.
Internal Autoscopy [L’Autoscopie Interne]. (Rev. Phil., Jan 1903.) Sollier, P.
Authors: Ellis Havelock
Published: August 2008

Autoscopy is an abnormal power of observing and representing the anatomical and functional state of the subjects own internal organs. If the representation is external, in a hallucinatory form, it is termed external autoscopy; if the observation is direct, it is termed internal autoscopy. The phenomenon, which occurs most clearly in the hypnotic state, is analogous, Sollier suggests, to the power shown in premonitory dreams, by which the disturbance of internal organs becomes definitely clear to sleeping consciousness before it is perceived by waking consciousness. Autoscopy was vaguely known to the ancient magnetisers; more recently attention was called to it by Féré; it has been most thoroughly studied by Sollier and Comar.
Social Venereology [Vénéréologie Sociale]. (Le Progrès Médical, April 11th, 1903.) Clado
Authors: Macevoy H. J.
Published: August 2008

This is a most thoughtful paper, of the greatest interest, on the question of the prevention of the spread of venereal diseases, and well worth close study. It is only possible here to give some of the author's conclusions and suggestions. A careful examination of evidence (statistics, etc.) shows that prostitution is the cause of the spread of venereal diseases; that clandestine prostitution is answerable for quite two thirds of this; that in three quarters of the cases a woman prostitutes herself before her legal majority; that prostitutes are generally recruited among girls seduced and abandoned; etc. It therefore follows that the great source of venereal diseases arises from the clandestine prostitution of young women; moreover that man is particularly responsible for its spread. The protection of the young woman against seduction is of the first importance, and it is especially in this connection that the prophylaxis of venereal diseases becomes a social question. The error of those in favour of “regulations” is that they have dwelt particularly on the fact that the diseased prostitute is immediately much more dangerous than the diseased man, losing sight of the not less evident fact that the best means of avoiding the evil would have been to protect her against the man who contaminated her.
A Case of Double Consciousness
Authors: Wilson Albert
Published: August 2008

This remarkable case of double consciousness was under my constant observation for about four years.
The Necessity of Insanity as a Branch of Medical Education
Authors: Boyd Robt.
Published: August 2008

The last Public Lunatic Asylum Act, 16 and 17, Vict., c. 97, passed in 1853, “For the regulation of those institutions, and for the admission &c. of pauper lunatics, wandering lunatics, whether paupers or not; or lunatics, not paupers, not wandering, and who are not under proper care and control; and also lunatics who are cruelly treated or neglected by any person having charge of them, further provides for the medical visitation in every quarter ending with March, June, September, and December, of pauper lunatics and idiots who are not in any asylum or house licensed for the reception of lunatics.” In the New Lunatic Asylums Bill, introduced this Session, by the Right Hon. Mr. Walpole, there is but one amendment affecting the public portion, which has relation to the medical certificate. The medical practitioner who is called by order of a justice to examine a supposed lunatic, is to certify not only that the person is of unsound mind or an idiot, but that he is also a proper subject to be taken charge of in the asylum, and he must also give his reasons for coming to such conclusion; firstly, from facts which he has observed himself; and, secondly, from facts communicated to him by others. These are usually the causes which have led to the inquiry of insanity, and it is of the greatest importance that he should make no confusion between those two classes of facts; he should give an account of every thing that is material in the certificate.
On General Paralysis
Authors: Tuke Harrington
Published: August 2008

There is certainly no physician now engaged in the treatment of mental disease, who is not perfectly acquainted with that peculiar form of malady designated as general paralysis. In the wards of the public hospitals for the insane, in our consulting rooms, and in our private asylums, the disease in all its stages is perpetually passing under our observation. Its claim to rank as a special form of disorder is perfectly understood; its diagnosis has become speedy and certain; and yet in general medicine it is almost unknown, its most prominent features are overlooked; its indices are disregarded, and its very existence, except as either a modification of paralysis or a complication of lunacy, has been and is denied by able and experienced practitioners.
The Relation of Mental Symptoms to Bodily Disease, with special reference to their Treatment outside Lunatic Asylums
Authors: Raw Nathan
Published: August 2008

My object in reading this paper before this important Association of mental experts is twofold: first, to draw attention to the great frequency of mental symptoms developing in the course of an attack of bodily illness; and secondly, to the unsatisfactory condition of our system in this country in dealing with and treating persons suffering from temporary mental disease.
On the Experimental use of Antiserums in Acute Insanity
Authors: Bruce Lewis C.
Published: August 2008

During the past year we have frequently used antiserums experimentally in cases of acute insanity because we have been led to believe from our observations that many of these cases, either primarily or secondarily, are suffering from bacterial infection. The grounds upon which we base this belief are that we frequently find hyperleucocytosis, and in forty-eight out of seventy-six cases examined we have found bacterial agglutinines in the blood which do not exist in the blood of healthy people.
Stress
Authors: Mercier Chas.
Published: August 2008

In his paper on “Wages, Lunacy, and Crime in South Wales,” Dr. R. S. Stewart asks how such a state of things as he describes is “to be reconciled with the lately expressed opinion that ‘insanity is, and ever will be, the product of two factors, stress and heredity?”’ These words he puts in quotation marks, but I am unable to trace them to any other source. The doctrine that insanity is a function of two variables, heredity and stress, was first enunciated by me some thirteen years ago, and can scarcely therefore be regarded as a novelty now; but, as it is clear, from Dr. Stewart's question and other remarks that he has a very erroneous notion of the doctrine, and as, moreover, it has been misapprehended and therefore misrepresented by others, perhaps you would allow me space to re-state it; although I think that any one who does me the honour to read it in its original form, as set forth in Sanity and Insanity, would scarcely fall into the errors that I have alluded to.
Quantitative and Qualitative Leucocyte Counts in various forms of Mental Disease
Authors: Bruce Lewis C. , Peebles A. S. M.
Published: August 2008

The following observations are the result of three years' work in examining the leucocytes in the various patients admitted to the Perth District Asylum. During this period the blood of 150 patients has been systematically examined, not on one or two occasions only, but often for weeks and months at a time. We have observed in medical literature observations recorded on the leucocytosis occurring in various forms of insanity in which the observer had made many observations on different patients, but as a rule limited the observations made on each individual patient to one, two, or at most three occasions. Such records are of little or no value, and would be on a par with the observations of, let us say, an astronomer who, having examined the heavens on two nights out of the 365, and having found both nights cloudy, reported that no such things as stars existed. With regard to the technique employed for the estimation of the number of leucocytes per c.mm. of blood, we have throughout employed Coles' system of counting “fields” with the counting slide of a Thoma Zeiss' hæmocytometer. Never less than thirty fields were counted for each enumeration, and frequently sixty and eighty fields were counted when extra accuracy was deemed necessary.
A Plea for the Closer Study of the Body-Weight and its Relation to Mental Disease
Authors: Bond C. Hubert
Published: August 2008

My paper will not be a lengthy one, and should perhaps be prefaced with an apology. For it contains no new facts, nor have I the results of any investigation to communicate.
Psychology of a particular Form of Pathological Intoxication
Authors: Pick A.
Published: August 2008

It is currently admitted that the state of intoxication in neuropathic persons differs from that of normal individuals or of habitual drunkards. Of this peculiar state Bonhoeffer has lately given an excellent account, but when one attempts to gain a clear conception of it the clinical cases scarcely bear out the general description. It will, therefore, perhaps be not inappropriate to go over some cases of this pathological form of intoxication which are not yet numerous and endeavour to gather them into a more definite group.
Concerning the Continuity of the Nerve-Cells, and some other Matters connected therewith
Authors: Turner John
Published: August 2008

Workers in the finer structure of the nervous system are suffering from a plethora of observations. New and more searching methods are being discovered every day, and no sooner does he who sets about constructing a scheme of the central nervous system arrive at something which appears to be satisfactory than he has to pull it to pieces and reconstruct it, to fit in further detail which has been brought to light in the meanwhile. Until this vast array of observations has been properly digested, a process which may well take years, we can scarcely hope to obtain a scheme of the relationship of the nerve-cells to one another which will be more than a working hypothesis.
Morison Lectures.—Lecture VI
Authors: Macpherson John
Published: August 2008

I now come to the important, and I am sorry to say the controversial, question of the causes of insanity. After what I have already said on the etiology of the clinical forms of insanity and on the fluctuations of statistical insanity in communities, it seems to me that I might conveniently dismiss this subject by adopting the laconic style of the student who was assigned the task of writing an essay on “Snakes in Ireland” by saying in three words, as he did, “There are none.” But as the great majority of people still believe in the validity of the numerous causes which are popularly believed to create insanity somewhat in the same way as violent exercise causes fatigue or eating salt fish causes thirst, it is necessary to refer briefly to the subject.
The Natural Characteristics and Temperaments of our Patients and how they help or handicap us in our Treatment
Authors: Weatherly Lionel A.
Published: August 2008

In these days of ever-increasing progress in pathological research, carried out to a great extent by a body of enthusiasts, who devote their lives to the study of the post-mortem room, we are apt to have the important clinical aspect of our cases somewhat neglected, while with the present craze for building gigantic asylums for our insane we are tending more and more to lose sight of the individuality and personality of our patients.
On the Use of Hypnotic Drugs in the Treatment of Insomnia
Authors: Smith W. Maule
Published: August 2008

Any drug which interferes with the workings of the higher cerebral functions is rightly regarded with suspicion, and the question of giving or withholding it is always open to doubt. Hence the difference of opinion with regard to the administration of hypnotics. In prescribing them the advantages have to be weighed against the disadvantages, and when that is done, and the former are in excess, then whatever disadvantages there may be have to be accepted since they are in the minority.
The Insanities of Decadence
Authors: Rorie George A.
Published: August 2008

The last time I had the pleasure of addressing a meeting of this Division the subject I discussed was the different forms of insanity met with during the period of adolescence, and it was suggested that it would be interesting to investigate the cases at the other end of the scale—that is, those connected with the incidence of decay and old age, and to compare them with the previous cases.
Medico-Psychological Association of Great Britain and Ireland: Presidential Address, delivered July 20th, 1905
Authors: Wood T. Outterson
Published: August 2008

Gentlemen,—In the first place permit me to express my high appreciation of the honour you conferred upon me by electing me your President, when the office of President-Elect was rendered vacant by the resignation of Sir John Sibbald, whose death we now deplore. Let me assure you that nothing shall be wanting on my part to advance the welfare and prosperity of our Association, and to safeguard its interests to the best of my ability.
Amentia and Dementia: a Clinico-Pathological Study
Authors: Bolton Joseph Shaw
Published: August 2008

Examples of true hysteria are relatively rare in asylum populations, and in the present series of cases there are but six instances amongst the 728 patients, and all these are of the female sex. The writer has, however, during his asylum experience, seen more than one case of genuine hysteria in the male sex.
Amentia and Dementia: A Clinico-Pathological Study
Authors: Bolton Joseph Shaw
Published: August 2008

In the present section the writer proposes to deal at length with the symptomatology, which is the psychic equivalent of those physical states of the cerebrum which are the necessary precursors of dissolution of the cerebral neurones. There being no suitable word in use for the description of this symptomatology, and it not appearing desirable to coin a new one for the purpose, the term “mental confusion” will be employed to connote, in the broadest sense, the mental symptoms which occur in association with certain pathological states of the cortical neurones which may be followed by the recovery or by a more or less extensive dissolution of these elements.
Contribution to the Study of Sensation in General Paralysis [Contribute allo Studio delta Sensibilita nella Paralisi Generate Progresseva] (Riv. di Patol. Nerv. e Ment., vol. x, fasc. 12.) Giachetti, C.
Authors: Eades A.I.
Published: August 2008

The author has made a careful investigation in 41 cases of general paralysis in order to enable him to ascertain to what extent sensory changes were present. Of these cases, however, 18 were so demented that it was impossible to draw any accurate deductions from their examination. All the cases were of a fairly advanced type.
Crepitus from the Fingers of Alcoholics (Quinquaud's Sign) [Il Crepitio delle Falangi negli Alcoolisti (Segno di Quinquaud)]. (Riv. di Patol. Nerv. e Ment., vol. x, fasc. II.) Perazzolo, S.
Authors: Eades A. I.
Published: August 2008

Quinquaud's sign, which is said to be idiopathic of chronic alcoholism, was the subject of a short and interesting paper by Aubry in the Archives de Neurologie (deuxième sérieto, me xi, 1901). It is elicited as follows: The physician fully extends his hand, palm upwards. The hand of the subject of the examination is held parallel to and above this, dorsum upwards. The patient is directed to flex his three middle fingers and press them perpendicularly against the physician's palm. The three fingers should be separated, the middle one slightly behind the other two; steady pressure should be made. After a moment or two there is a crackling sensation conveyed to the examiner's palm from the patient's fingers as if crepitus were present. This tactile sensation is perhaps best to be compared to the rub experienced in pleurisy or dry arthritis.
Amentia and Dementia: a Clinico-Pathological Study
Authors: Bolton Joseph Shaw
Published: August 2008

This class contains sixty-five cases of presenile dementia–i.e., of insanity ending in dementia, and occurring between the periods of maturity and of senility. Of the 728 cases of insanity under consideration, the present class, therefore, includes 9 per cent., and of the 445 cases of dementia 14.6 per cent. Though attention has already been drawn to the distinction which is necessarily made between “presenility,” an age-period in all individuals, and “prematurely induced senility,” it is perhaps permissible to remark here that cases of the latter type have been included in the class of “senile or ‘ worn-out ‘ dementia,” which was described and illustrated in the last section of this paper.
The Morison Lectures.-On Insanity, with Special Reference to Heredity and Prognosis
Authors: Urquhart A. R.
Published: August 2008

In the daily routine of medical work we are called upon to deliver what may come to pass. The constant weighing and measuring of our observations and experience lead us naturally to an estimation of probabilities. Recovery or death—success or failure in the appointed strife with disease—that is the momen tous question to which the physician must endeavour to find an answer. Things have happened; what is to come to pass? Much of skill in prognosis is personal, empirical, and incommunicable; but, as our science advances, with the contributory aid of all the sciences that are subordinate to the master art of healing, so, in just proportion, our premonitions will be determined.
On the Psychology of the Crusades. II
Authors: Ireland William W.
Published: August 2008

In the “children's Crusade” we witness the enormous credulity of the Dark Ages in its simplest form, although the delusions which the children indulged in must have been encouraged by their parents. The orders of the King of France to stop their pilgrimage had evidently been disregarded. Was it that a whole people had become mad? Some writers have argued that nobody is quite sane; in that case we should need another word for those who cannot do without restraint.
The Care of Children in County and Borough Asylums
Authors: Fennell Charles H.
Published: August 2008

The normal English child has thriven apace of recent years, as the result of a healthy popular tendency to foster his mental and physical well-being as thoroughly as may be. But there exists among the poor a race of unfortunates–happily a small one–whose interests have rarely met with adequate recognition. It consists of the imbeciles who find their way into pauper lunatic asylums–the children legally certifiable as idiots. They cannot, I admit, pay a dividend in hard cash on the money sunk in their education, and their appeal for special attention mainly rests on their helplessness. My aim is to speak briefly of the measures already taken in their interest elsewhere, and to describe in a little more detail those adopted with success at Hellingly. Lastly, I propose to discuss the cost of our scheme, and to attempt to analyse the benefits derived therefrom.
Lucretius, Epicurean and Poet
Authors: Masson John , Ireland William W.
Published: August 2008

Lucretius was a contemporary of Julius Cæsar, as Epicurus was a
contemporary of Alexander. Dr. Masson has read all about Lucretius and
everyone else who lived in those stirring times. In going through such
critical disquisitions it is difficult to avoid the attraction or the recoil
from a host of commentators. In this respect it is to be wished that Dr.
Masson had less modesty or more self-reliance. In quoting the “opinions of
the highest living authorities” on Cicero and Cæsar, he in many places gives
us a set of stepping-stones instead of a bridge. While we wish to get into
the times of Lucretius, the notes entering into small controversies
continually drag us down to the mediocrities of the present age. We know not
whether Dr. Masson's wide reading, wandering from Plato to Shelley and
Victor Hugo, will add interest to the book with the readers of the twentieth
century. We hope, however, that in another edition Dr. Masson may have the
courage to sweep away most of his footnotes, as a carpenter, having finished
his work, sweeps away his shavings. At the same time it would be unfair to
deny that this excursive part of the work is often well written. At any rate
our review will be confined to Lucretius and his philosophy. Of the poet
himself we know scarcely anything save a few traditions loosely gathered by
Eusebius. He was said to have become insane by a philtre given by his wife
or mistress, and to have written his wonderful poem at sane intervals, and
to have died by his own hand at the age of forty-four. His poem
De Rerum Natura is dedicated to Memmius, who
gained the rank of tribune and praetor, and took side against Cæsar in the
civil war.
William Blake
Authors: Symons Arthur , Ellis Havelock
Published: August 2008

William Blake will always be an interesting figure to the psychologist
and alienist because he represents the essential qualities of genius carried
to that extreme point at which the question of its sanity became a delicate
and difficult problem to consider. The material for reaching a solution of
this problem has never been so clearly and fully presented as in the
attractive and important volume which Mr. Arthur Symons has lately devoted
to Blake. Mr. Symons has adopted an admirable method. In the first half of
the book he presents his own finely interpreted version of Blake's life and
Blake's work; in the second half he brings together without comment, and for
the first time in a fairly complete shape, all the first-hand biographical
material on which every estimate of Blake must be founded. We are thus
enabled to form an independent opinion.
The Loss of Function Following on Lesions of the Central Nervous System
[Ueber Die Ausfallerscheinungen nach Läsionen Des Central Nervensystems].
(Neurol. Cbl., Nr. 13, 1907.) Rothmann, Max
Authors: Ireland William W.
Published: August 2008

Rothmann points out how important it is to surgeons that the
localisation of lesions in the brain and spinal cord should be made with the
utmost accuracy. In many cases diseases do not strike suddenly upon a
nervous system previously intact. Often the circulation has been previously
deranged by arterial sclerosis, which prepares the way for transitory
hemiplegia or aphasia. Sometimes there is loss of function after central
lesions, which disappears in longer or shorter time. Goltz and his followers
have treated many effects following the extirpation of the whole or part of
the cerebrum as due to what they call inhibition (Hemmung). Thus the
functions of the spinal cord are much impaired after removal of the cerebral
ganglia, or the lower portion of the cord loses its reflex function after
section higher up, but after a while it again resumes its act$ibon.
Recidivism Regarded From the Environmental and Psycho-Pathological
Standpoints
Authors: Sutherland J. F.
Published: August 2008

The foregoing examples of degenerates, obsessionists, feebleminded and
mentally warped could be multiplied indefinitely. They present minor and
less striking phases of the degeneracy and mental disorders met with in
asylums, and require, whether at large or in confinement, some part of the
care, supervision, and treatment which are accorded to the major degenerates
whom it has been found necessary to certify as fitted for detention in
asylums. In these institutions may be seen paretic dements, paranoiacs,
precocious dements (katatoniacs), maniacs, imbeciles, terminal dements,
etc., prone to, and who may have committed, arson; folies
circulaires, hysterics, maniacs, moral imbeciles, and
imbeciles prone to malicious mischief or criminal prankishness; erotics,
senile dements, paretic dements, alcoholics, maniacs, epileptics, and
imbeciles prone to indecent propensities, rape, sexual perversion, and the
entire gamut of erotic besetments; general paralytics (first stage),
imbeciles, kleptomaniacs, climacterics, prone to, and who may have fallen
into the hands of the authorities for, theft; homicidal maniacs, epileptics,
katatoniacs, paranoiacs, puerperals, alcoholics, and dipsomaniacs who may
have committed crimes of blood, cruelty and violence before certification,
or who by mere accident may not. These are the many points where criminality
and lunacy touch, and it seems at present either a question of the degree of
the mental warp or its non-detection which decides whether the asylum or the
gaol shall be the destiny of such.
Observations on the Less Severe Forms, Pathology and Treatment of Mental Disorder in Advanced Life
Authors: Robertson Alexander
Published: August 2008

This communication is based on a study of cases in Glasgow's Aged People's Home. The Home is for those in reduced circumstances, but above the pauper grade. It has accommodation for 140 men and 86 women. Reference is made to this point to enable a general inference to be drawn as to the proportion and frequency of cases of the more acute though brief forms of mental disturbance among the old; for with one exception they all occurred within a period of two months since the beginning of the present year. However, looking back over the last twenty years, my impression is that the number of cases here recorded is above the average of our previous experience.
Observations on Insane Epileptics Treated Under Hospital Principles
Authors: Baugh Leonard D. H.
Published: August 2008

In this paper the writer aims at bringing into prominence some advantages derived from the application of the principles of hospital treatment to the care and management of insane epileptics. Much of the clinico-pathological work recently done on epilepsy tends to support the view that such treatment is correct; and, further, it is now generally accepted that treatment of the so-called “Acute Insanities” (mania, melancholia, etc.) on hospital lines gives the best results.
The Teaching of Psychiatry
Authors: Thomson D. G.
Published: August 2008

I Wish that the advocacy of what I believe will be one of the most important developments in the history of our specialty had devolved on someone occupying a higher position in our branch of medicine, someone whose opinions and views would carry more weight and influence than mine can aspire to; at the same time thirty years' experience as a medical officer in London and provincial asylums, public and private, perhaps entitles me to open a discussion on a subject on which I have spent some thought, and I am proud of the privilege of doing so before this Association to-day.
The Question of Dementia præcox
Authors: Jones Robert
Published: August 2008

In any province of experience the systematic arrangement of the facts pertaining to it is regarded as one of the most useful instruments in its comprehension and understanding, and for this reason a systematic classification of the various forms of insanity has long been accepted as one of the best signs of psychiatric progress.
The Physical Basis of Consciousness
Authors: Maudsley H.
Published: August 2008

The body is a vital union and communion of an infinite multitude of differentiated cells which constitute its different tissues and organs, their several functions intimately co-ordinated to serve the functions of a bodily whole; so many diversities in unity, unity in so many diversities, which is just what all nature is, what all science, when perfect, must needs be, what every well-fashioned mental organisation ought to be.
Some Aspects of “Maniacal-Depressive Insanity.”
Authors: Nolan M. J.
Published: August 2008

In view of the general interest at home and abroad taken in “maniacal-depressive insanity,” and because of the special attention this division of the Medico-Psychological Association gives the subject to-day, the writer ventures to submit some considerations (based on his personal experience) on the value of the term.
The Case for Dementia Præcox
Authors: Johnstone Thomas
Published: August 2008

Before submitting to you my ideas on the much-disputed question of dementia præcox, there are one or two points in the papers of Drs. Jones and Urquhart to which I should wish to draw attention. I will take them in the order in which they occur.
Menstruation in its relationship to Insansity
Authors: Ross Sheila M.
Published: August 2008

The following observations are made on the menstrual history for ten years, from 1897–1907, of all newly admitted and transferred patients, in whom the catamenia were present, in the Holloway Sanatorium Hospital for the Insane. The patients were all drawn from the upper and middle classes, and their ages varied from seventeen to fifty-five years.
The Clinical Value of Consciousness in Disease
Authors: Shaw T. Clave
Published: August 2008

One cannot but be struck with the fact that in many (if not in most) attacks of acute insanity the patient, on recovery, has no recollection of the incidents of the illness. She may have answered our questions in a way showing that at the time there was not only a consciousness of a certain kind present, but also the capacity for understanding and replying in accordance with her ideas (however unfounded they may, in fact, be), and yet on recovery, or even in a temporary lucid interval, all remembrance of the disordered state has passed away, and that, too, beyond the capacity of recall—nothing but a misty, hazy remembrance of some condition which has been passed through remains, just as one finds it impossible to re-instate the details of a dream, the reality of which was at the time vivid in consciousness. We have here to deal with a dual consciousness, a knowledge of states apparently incompatible with, and distinct from, each other. We are all familiar with states of acute mental disturbance where there is difficulty in making the patient understand what we are saying—not necessarily difficult or involved questions, but simple queries relating to what we think are matters in the patient‘s consciousness, such as it is. Here it is doubtful if the patients really understand what we are saying, though there is no doubt about their hearing the question, e.g., they may hear the question but the reply will be merely the reiteration of some particular delusion which has no connection with the question, or there need not be any reply at all, as if we were addressing them in a foreign language which they did not understand, or as if what is said to them has a different meaning from what is intended.