bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Drives the Rapid Economic Growth in Azerbaijan? - An Application of the Solow Model
Authors: Huang Shaokai
Published: September 2016

Azerbaijan has undergone significant economic transformation and development since the country’s independence in 1991. Azerbaijan has quickly transformed itself into an upper middle income country. The rapid economic development is mainly attributed to the exploitation of hydrocarbon resources (through production sharing agreements with foreign oil companies and foreign direct investment). Substantial reforms intended to support a market-based economy have been instrumental in facilitating economic growth. This paper applies the Slow Model to explain factors that drive the rapid economic growth in Azerbaijan. This paper discusses the theoretical role of capital, labor, and technology in economic growth and illustrates the impact of corresponding factors in practice, i.e., foreign investment, labor force, education, and technology, on Azerbaijan’s economic growth.
“Self-Translation And ‘Intratextual’ Expansion In Nabokov’s Autobiographical Texts: A Model For Brodsky’s Memoirs”
Authors: Russo Michele
Published: September 2016

Nabokov’s “triangulation” between Europe and America was characterized by different stages. The aim of this paper is to analyse the elements that led to the writing and re-writing of Nabokov’s memoirs. Starting from the concepts of displacement and misplacement in Brodsky’s most prominent essays, my work will carry out a comparative analysis of the most significant phrases and expressions in Nabokov’s final account of his life, Speak Memory (1966), and in Drugie berega (Other Shores), 1954, the Russian version of Nabokov’s first autobiography. It will point out that the former represents a further revision and, thus, an intratextual expansion of the latter, owing to a process of cultural and linguistic enrichment. I will then focus on the features of Speak Memory from a semiotic angle. The autobiography mingles elements of the Russian world with the ones of the American context, and using the European setting as a transitional space inbetween. Furthermore, the paper will employ Steiner’s theories on bilingual people’s neurological mechanisms, as well as Moro’s recent theories on cognitive neurosciences, to analyse the process which encouraged Nabokov not to relinquish his mother tongue. It will highlight the different “boundaries of Babel” in the work from a neurolinguistic perspective, as borders separating different cognitive areas, thus “forging” Nabokov’s autobiography as a unique output built on different cultural texts and contexts.
Turismo Comunitario Alternativa Para Lograr Emprendimientos Participativos Estudio De Caso: Determinación Comercial De Un Producto Turístico En El Cantón Suscal, Provincia Del Cañar Provincia De Cañar - Ecuador
Authors: Verdugo Bernal Catalina Margarita , Sampedro Otto Fernando Balseca , Velásquez Carlos Renato Chávez , Baquero Juan Carlos Carrasco , Guerra Juan Hugo Rodríguez , Vizuete Rolando Fabián Zabala , Lema Verónica Lema
Published: September 2016

This research involved during a first phase a market study of the implementation of a tourist package in the Suscal County, province of Cañar, Ecuador, followed by a second phase, a Comprehensive Feasibility Study of the package. Using bibliographic research and a field tour, we described the package’s commercial potential, technical, environmental, social, administrative, legal, economic, financial aspects. The study of tourism potential in the area identified the richness of an intangible cultural heritage, the existence of an ancestral collective memory alive in every community, and natural attractions of level I and II. The market study identified acceptance of the tourism package by 84% of domestic tourists and interest among 67% of foreign tourists, whose service whose preferences are: accommodation, food, cultural experience, transportation and information. Depending on the tourist profile, we will define and plan the technical design of tourism infrastructure and will conduct feasibility studies on legal, environmental and economic-financial aspects that will appear in a second phase of the project. Despite its great potential, tourism in the province of Cañar has not achieved an optimal level, as reflected in the minimal fraction of GDP in cultural tourism, which in 2011 was 0.26% (MCPEC, 2011:22), much lower than the national level. In Suscal County, this activity currently generates no income, but interest is recently being generated, while this study illustrates the potential of cultural tourism.
Apport Du SIG Et De L’analyse Multicritère Dans La Prospection Hydrogéologique Du Socle Précambrien De Gagnoa (Centre-Ouest De La Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Oscar Onétié Zahibo , Théophile Lasm , Adama Coulibaly , Derving Baka , Marie Rosine Fossou N’guessan , Ta Marc Youan , François Yao Kouadio Assemien , Aristide Aoulou Kouassi
Published: September 2016

Côte d’Ivoire is constituted in more than 97.5% of crystalline basement which contains the main part of groundwater resources of the country. These resources are contained in the weathering material and fissured aquifers. Gagnoa area located at the Central West of Côte d'Ivoire, on crystalline and metamorphic basement. In this area, surface water and groundwater are exploited for the water supply of the populations. However surface water are often doubtful quality and can affect the health of these populations. Thus find water resources in sufficient and good quality amount is a necessity in this area. The study aims to identify favourable areas for the archievement of drillings with important discharge using geomorphologic, hydrogeological data and remote sensing. Multi-criteria analisys methods were used in this study. The database is constituted by various data in particular, data sheets of drillings, hydroclimatic statements and satellite image. This database was stored, analyzed, treated and managed using ARCGIS 10.2. software. Various treatments allowed to establish various thematic maps (accessibility, exploitability, availability). The synthesis of all information inside a SIG allowed to establish the maps of favourable areas to achieve drillings with large discharges. The classes of good and excellent sensibility cover 26% of the study area. These favourable areas for the achievement of drillings with important discharge are located at the center and south of the study area. Validation of this map showed that 66% of the water points (drillings) with discharge superior to 5 m3/h overlap on the good and excellent classes of sensibility. The various zones of productivity of Gagnoa area were able to be characterized. These results are very interesting and useful for the hydrogeological prospecting. They contribute to a better knowledge and a groundwater resource management.
Urban Solid Waste Management And Environmental Sustainability In Abakaliki Urban, Nigeria
Authors: Okwesili Joseph , Chinyere Ndukwe, , Chidi Iroko Nwuzor,
Published: September 2016

Waste management has become a common issue of discourse among individuals, groups and governments. This study which assessed urban solid waste management in Ebonyi state with focus on Abakaliki urban specifically sought to find out why indiscriminate solid waste disposal/dumps has persisted in Abakaliki urban, investigate the measures put in place to curtail the tide and ascertain the extent to which indiscriminate waste disposal affects people’s health and environment. Four null hypotheses were formulated and Human Capital Theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. The study used survey design whereby data were collected from the sample considered to be representative of the population. Taro Yameni’s formula was applied to reduce the initial population of 116,987 to a smaller researchable size of 399 while data were collected through structured questionnaire. The data collected were presented in tables containing frequencies of the responses and their corresponding percentages. The four hypotheses of the study were tested using chi-square (X2) statistical tool and the result of the analyses revealed that: there is currently no government approved dumpsites in Abakaliki metropolis, most communicable diseases are contracted from dirty environment, among others. The implications are that most households will soon be cut off by flood arising from the blockage of water channels, some streets and roads will be blocked by heaps of wastes and more epidemics will be contracted by the people if nothing urgent was done. The study concluded that, the Ebonyi State Environmental Protection Agency (EBSEPA) currently have no required manpower, technical skills and competences to curtail the tide of waste and therefore made the following recommendations: Ebonyi state government should strengthen the already established departments of Environmental and Health Sciences in Ebonyi State University (EBSU) and the School of Health Technology, Ezzamgbo, by providing and equipping them with modern waste management equipment for students to be exposed to practical methods of waste management, Government should contract foreign-based private firm through Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) arrangement to establish waste management industry in Ebonyi state, immediate provision of permanent waste dumpsites by the government, among others.
El Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial Para Generar Un Espacio De Reflexión Social. Estudio De Caso: Comunidad De Nizag, Provincia De Chimborazo, Ecuador
Authors: Castillo Ortíz Daniela Paulina , Salazar Sandra Patricia Miranda , Merino Christiam Paúl Aguirre , Pinos Libeth Lucía Urgiléz
Published: September 2016

This case study describes non-tangible elements of the cultural heritage of the community of Nizag, Ecuador. We found a social dynamic built on regional cultural events, including oral traditions and expressions, performing arts, social practices, rituals and festivals, ancestral knowledge of nature and the universe, and traditional artisanship. Linking these categories permitted us to understand intergenerational transmission of heritage and related cultural integrity in this indigenous community. The written record of the living memory of its inhabitants, a heritage registry, allowed the creation of spaces for reflection and self-awareness, reflecting the need to reaffirm the culture and its value for traditional knowledge holders and for new generations, in order to guarantee its reproduction and use for sustainable community tourism. The representativeness of this heritage registry created during community workshops, in part through affirmation of its elements by community members, regained a necessary condition of respect for human rights and diversity among them. Furthermore, the sustainability of tourism involving non-tangible cultural heritage requires putting in place values of equity and solidarity. Making memories more significant, while ensuring their accurate reproduction and enhancing their symbolic value to tourists who visit, not only enriches the experiences of what they share, but also recovers the social and cultural significance of heritage itself.
Effets D’un Programme D’entrainement De 8 Semaines Chez Des Femmes Infectees Du Vih Sous Traitement Antiretroviral (Arv) En Cote d’Ivoire
Authors: N’guessan Kouamé , Madani Coulibaly Sarigalo , Siaka Coulibaly , Andrée Joelle Kaffet Sylvie , Antoine Tako Némé
Published: September 2016

Objective: To evaluate the effects of 8-week specific Fitness training program on the physical, mental and immunological health of women infected by the virus of the human immunodeficiency and on antiretroviral treatment (ARVT). Methods: a program of sixteen sessions of specific Fitness training displayed over 2 months with two sessions of one hour a week was realized in 48 physically inactive women from 25 to 52 years old, living with the HIV and under antiretroviral treatment. The physical health of the women was evaluated before and after two months of training through body mass index, muscular strength, recovery from exhaustive exercise capacity, flexibility, general balance, immunological state, self-confidence, and self-esteem. The effects of specific fitness training on these parameters were examined through statistical tests of comparison (student t test, paired sample and frequencies). Results: the results of sixteen sessions of training show a significant improvement (p˂0,05) on the general health through the corpulence, the muscular strength, the recuperative capacity, the flexibility, the general balance, the immunological state, the self-confidence, and the self-respect. Conclusion: the implication in the practice of physical activities contributes to improve the health, the quality of life of the PVVIH and the image that they have of themselves, so favoring an acceptance of their own situation and reducing the exclusion, the discrimination and the stigmatization of which they feel victims.
The Public Opinion In The Modern History Of Political Thought According To Jurgen Habermas
Authors: Hamzaj Enkelejda
Published: September 2016

Is not easy to make in a few lines a presentation of Habermas's thinking regarding to public opinion in the history of political thought. One of the most interesting sections of all habermasian discussion – developed not only in his opera History and critiques of public opinion but in others too – lies in clarifying how the public opinion concept was evaluate by philosophers of different political orientations during the modern era. According to Habermas, to do this analysis should go under the tracks of Hobbes, Rousseau, Kant and Hegel. Some of these authors appreciate and value the role of the public opinion while others do not believe in its function. It is not a coincidence that the"classic" treatment of the public opinion concept culminates with Kant, the author, who is considered one of the greatest luminaries in Europe. While we find in Hegel a devaluation of the public opinion, compared with the science, and this depreciation is parallel to the depreciation of the civil society against the State. On the other side we will see other contemporary authors analysis regarding public opinion, like Nicola Matteuci and Giuseppe Bedeschi and their thoughts compared with Habermas thoughts. To understand the function of public opinion I will show its specific characteristics throughout history from the Greek polis up to the French Revolution and the creation of the bourgeoisie class.
Multi-Dimensional Approach To Crisis Management In The Church
Authors: Folarin George O. , Adelakun Adewale J.
Published: September 2016

The church, like every other society, encounters internal crisis. Theological Seminaries and Universities are well-positioned to help the church in its search for methods of coping with the problem. But because the studies of religion and other disciplines in many Universities are academic, supposedly objective, and comparative, products of the research findings from Universities with interest in religion and social sciences can contribute to the search for multidimensional management of church crisis. Eclectic theory of civil conflict resolution of Keih as modified for religious conflict management by Israel Akanji was applied to the data collected for this work.
Sovereignty Versus Supranationality: The ECOWAS Conundrum
Authors: Okom Michael P.
Published: September 2016

The formation of any regional (supranational), body requires the surrender of a measure of sovereignty for the purpose of making the body sturdy and effective. ECOWAS member States have since its inception, demonstrated a noted reluctance to become fully committed to the tenets of the ECOWAS. They are still hanging on in a prehensile manner to their respective national laws, regulations and practices, leaving ECOWAS without any real grip on the organisation. This has left ECOWAS weak, (almost comatose), and unable to deliver on the great promises it made during its inauguration. These are the issues that this paper incisively analyses.
Prevalence Du Tabagisme Et Profil Des Eleves Fumeurs Aux Lycees De Mahajanga I En 2014 (Madagascar)
Authors: Randriamihangy Narindrarimanana Avisoa , Allaoui Adamo Ben , Raveloson Freddie , Raharimanana Rondro Nirina
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Smoking is the most important cardiovascular risk factor among teenagers. Smoking often settles in adolescence and persists in adulthood. We aimed to determine the prevalence of smoking among high school students in Mahajanga I in 2014 and to describe their profile and attitudes toward smoking. Methods: This is an analytical epidemiological cross-sectional study conducted in six high schools in Mahajanga I during November and December in 2014. Results: Smoking prevalence was 6.6% and 36.82% of the students had smoked at least once in their lives. Furthermore, 64.22% started smoking by "tasting", 12.78% because of "influence" and 9.58% used tobacco as a fashion. Most (74.71%) of former smokers stopped smoking for fear of diseases; 40.86% due to the ban and 17.90% to lack of money. The half of active smokers was moderately to strongly addicted to nicotine. Tobacco price was rather reasonable, and even cheap for respectively 35% and 25% of students. Some factors were significantly related to tobacco consumption: male gender (p = 0.000), student’s entourage as close friend (p = 0.000), cousin (p = 0.000), brother (p = 0.000), uncle (p = 0.000), religious leader (p = 0.001), father (p = 0.002) and teacher (p = 0.005), being of age (p = 0.004) and ancestral religion (p = 0.036). Conclusion: Our findings were quite encouraging with a lower smoking prevalence than in other studies elsewhere. The determining factors of smoking found in this study confirm the crucial role of both education and people around the student.
Factors Affecting Domestic Tourism Promotion in Jordan: A Case Study of the Official Media
Authors: Bazazo Ibrahim Kahlil , Al-Dweik Mohammed Riyad , Almomani Emran Mohammad , Alshatnawi Ehab Abdul Raheem
Published: September 2016

This paper deals with the impact of the Jordanian media in stimulating domestic tourism. When studied under various aspects, this study is deducted to evaluate the general trend of the official media and its role in increasing the size of domestic tourism in Jordan. The scientific case of this study is about the weakness of the Jordanian domestic tourism compared with the International Tourism. This is in addition to the official media's role regarding this issue. In this study, it had been concluded that the official media provides good results in the promotion of domestic tourism. Nevertheless, there are still many obstacles which continue to get in the way of the efforts which aim to develop and widen the prospects of domestic tourism in Jordan. The study pointed out a number of recommendations. One of the most important recommendations was that all media used for Tourism purposes in Jordan needs to be developed regarding the content, not the design. Also, the content should provide a real message about how an affordable domestic tourism can be appropriate and suitable for the Jordanian family. In addition, in-depth studies on the impact of the new media and its known tools to promote domestic Tourism should be developed.
Relation Entre Le Somatotype Et La Qualite De Vitesse Chez Des Jeunes De Cote d’Ivoire
Authors: Coulibaly Siaka , Kouamé N’guessan , Kouassi Firmin Kouakou , Kouadio Jérôme Kouakou , Beugré Jean-Bertin , Pineau Jean-Claude
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study is to establish a link between the performance at speed race and the somatotype within young students from Côte d’Ivoire who are candidates for the recruitment test organized by the National Institute of Youth and Sports. The study was performed on 669 girls at 21.80+2.26 year old and 1859 boys at 22.11+2.26 years. Anthropometrical measures were made out in order to estimate somatotype. For the speed, the subjects underwent a 80m speed race test for girls and a 100m speed race for boys. After a descriptive analysis of the somatotype components and the performance of girls and boys, we made a distribution of the gaps in performance (estimated performance – real performance) estimated by the regression and the real performance in order to check normality. To examine the relationship between somatotype, cormic index and the speed race, an equation of multiple regressions was performed. The distribution of the gaps in performance (estimated performance - real performance) estimated by the regression and real performance is normally distributed both in girls and boys. The results also indicate that a multiple and statistically significant link (p<0.05) exists between the performance and three (3) variables: endormorphy, ectomorphy and cormic index with boys and two (2) components of somatotype: endomorphy, mesomorphy with girls. The present study has allowed establishing a relationship between the performance at speed race and some of the components of the somatotype. The performance at 100m for boys and 80m for girls is well the result of a specific morphotype (endomorph) limiting the realization of good performances by these sprinters.
A Literature Review On The Development Phases Of Hungarian Pig Industry (1990-2003) Part II
Authors: Belane Vinkler , Lenkovics Beatrix , Kalmar-Rimoczi Csilla
Published: September 2016

In the course of our socio-economic development regional issues get disparate emphasis in differing time cross-sectional views. There are periods when they are discarded from the centre of attention, while other times come to the forefront and Hungary devote special attention to the changes in regional differentiation, the inequalities in development levels, and the formation of structural diversity. This fluctuation of interest is connected to the constant changes in global, regional and local trends, the internal and external factors and processes as well as their outcomes based on their subtle interdependence. While in our world of globalisation markets are global, company strategies are global, innovations also spread globally, lasting competitive advantages remain local. This paradox of global versus local also underlines the importance of regional analyses (Abonyi & Vinkler, 2012). Part II follows the period before Hungary’s accession to the European Union, highlighting all the events and changes that resulted in the profound transition of the country’s economy impacting also our foreign markets. This period stretches from 1990 to 2003.
Prevalencia De Sobrepeso U Obesidad En Escolares De Una Población Urbana Del Estado De Jalisco, México
Authors: Guillermo Gómez-Delgado , Paola T. Gutierrez-Villalobos , Juan M. Viveros-Paredes , María Isabel Pérez Vega , María de la Luz Miranda Beltrán , Fregoso Cesar Soria , Oscar Gutiérrez-Coronado
Published: September 2016

Introduction. Urban populations in Mexico have not escaped the influence of today's world with an increase in sedentary lifestyles and inadequate food consumption patterns. These conditions have exacerbated the emerging and alarming problem of overweight and obesity in the country. Objective. To diagnose the nutritional status and determine the overweight and obesity prevalence in children between ages of 5 to 14 years of an urban community in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Material and methods. Through a cross-sectional study, 188 students were evaluated. Weight and height were measured and compared with reference standards of the World Health Organization, the values obtained from the measurement of waist circumference percentiles were compared with the percentile charts made by Fernandez et al, 2004. Results. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity in the total population was 36.7% (n = 69); in males the prevalence was 20.7% (12.2% for overweight and 8.5% for obesity) and in females was 16% (9.6% and 6.4%, respectively). Children from the fifth and sixth grade had a higher prevalence of both overweight and obesity. Conclusions. Our study shows the current nutritional problems manifested in urban areas, which is accentuated on children with higher increase between the 5th and 6th grades.
Costo-Efectividad De Exploración De Miembros Pélvicos Para Prevenir Pie Diabético
Authors: Prishila Danae Reyes-Chávez , Enrique Villarreal-Ríos , Martha Leticia Martínez-Martínez , Jorge Velázquez-Tlapanco , Nicolás Camacho-Calderón , Lilia Susana Gallardo-Vidal , Azucena Bello-Sánchez Ma. , Miguel Ángel Narváez-Escobedo , Nora Azpeitia-Castillo
Published: September 2016

Diabetic neuropathy is a common and frequent complication of DM2. It is the main risk factor for ulcer and amputation of lower limbs. The risk of developing ulcer foot is 12 -25%. In the first level of care medical, history and physical examination of the patient with DM2 is performed to determine the appropriate treatment. Objective: Determine the costeffectiveness of the exploration of pelvic limbs to prevent diabetic foot. Materials and Methods: Cost-effectiveness design. Clinical records of patients with DM2. Sample calculation with the formula of percentages of two populations. Group 1, complete scan of pelvic limbs (n=15) and Group 2 with incomplete examination of lower limbs (n=40). Sociodemographic variables, health characteristics, type and number of laboratory studies requested, type and quantity of drugs prescribed were analyzed. The effectiveness was evaluated as absence of data from diabetic foot in five years follow- up. The cost of care was estimated with the profile of use and unit cost. Statistical analysis averages, percentages and cost-effectiveness. Results: The total cost in group 1 was $7,203.24 and $4,909.03 in 2. Group 1, the total cost in laboratory studies was $5,863.44, $ 187.62 in drugs and average cost of $ 1,152.18 in consultation; while in the 2, laboratory it was $ 3,596.76 , $ 186.24 medicines and average cost of consultation $ 1,126.03. The effectiveness for $ 5,000.00 in group 1 corresponds to $ 37.00 and in the group 2 to $79.75. Conclusions: It was no scanning showed that full pelvic limbs and timely detection of diabetic foot out cost-effective.
Population Parameters Of Distichodus Rostratus (Gunther, 1864) From The Hydrosystem Located Between The Hydroelectric Dams Of Kossou And Taabo (Bandama River; Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Siaka Berte , Naminata Kone , Issa Ouattara Nahoua , Paul Kouamelan Essetchi , Valentin N’douba
Published: September 2016

Growth and mortality parameters, exploitation rates and annual recruitment patterns were estimated using FiSAT program from monthly length-frequency and weight samples of Distichodus rostratus captured from the hydrosystem located between the hydroelectric dams of Kossou and Taabo (Bandama River). Samples were collected from July 2004 to June 2005. The aim was to estimate growth parameters, mortality rates, exploitation rate and recruitment pattern of D. rostratus for sustainable management. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters asymptotic length L∞ (cm) and growth constant K (per year) were 69.30 and 0.27 respectively. Goodness of fit (Rn) was 0.27. The growth performance index (φ’) value was 3.11. Age at maturity was estimated at 2.87 years for males and 3.78 years for females. The maximum age estimated was 11.095 years. The annual rate of fishing mortality (F = 0.10) was low compared to the relatively high natural mortality (M = 0.60). The exploitation rate (E = 0.14) shows that the species was not over-exploited in the Bandama River.
Analyse De La Variation Morpho-Phenologique Et Genetique De Vingt Accessions Du Ble Dur Algerien (Triticum durum D.E.S.F.)
Authors: Belattar Rima , Boudour Leila , Chaib Ghania
Published: September 2016

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is a strategic culture in Algeria. Characterization and evaluation of crop varieties allow backup and restoration of this genetic heritage and its use in breeding programs. In this context, the study is subject to the identification of some morpho - phenological parameters and molecular markers in kind RAPD variability of 20 genotypes of collection of Algerian durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Belong to two varieties (rechenbachi and leucomelan). The results of the morpho-phenological and genetic analysis show substantial phenotypic diversity between varieties. RAPD marker showed an intervarietal genetic polymorphism.
Optimizing The Effectiveness Of HACCP In Agri- Food SMEs
Authors: Goue Arnaud Fabrice , Gavriel Ayi Ayayi , Drogui Patrick
Published: September 2016

Improving the safety of food products manufactured and marketed by agri-food businesses, and in particular by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of this industry, was the aim of this study focusing on optimizing the effectiveness of the HACCP system. The main objective was to determine which of the parameters involved in the operation of the HACCP system significantly influenced its effectiveness in order to make suggestions to SME managers on how to improve the safety of their food products.
Revue Des Doses D’exposition Et De La Justification Des Radiographies Standard En Pratique Pédiatrique Au Togo
Authors: Tchaou M. , Gnakadja G.N. , N’timon B. , Sonhaye L. , Amadou A. , Dansou M. , Agoda-Koussema L.K. , Adjenou K. , N’dakena K.
Published: September 2016

Aims: To assess the justification of indications and exposure doses to children during radiographics. Methods: Prospective study of 102 X-ray exams of children collected over a period of 6 months in the Department of Radiology of Kara Teaching Hospital. Objectives: To assess the rationale guidance and exposure doses to children when standard radiographic examinations. Methodology: prospective observational study of 102 standard radiographs (Rx) collected in the radiology department of the University Hospital of Kara on a 6 month period. Results: Male children were predominant with a sex ratio boy / girl of 1.3. The predominant age group was the 5 to 10 years. Chest X-rays were the most practiced exam, with 43%. According to the Guide of well practices of French Society of Radiology (SFR) and the French Society of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine (SFBMN), 80% of exams were justified. The comparison of our results to diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) shows that 43% and 39% of standard X-rays had dosimetric values exceeds the RDLs respectively the entrance Dose (De) and Dose Surface Product (DSP). Conclusion:Our study reveals that compliance guidance assessments to the proper use of medical imaging examinations guide was not always effective but satisfactory. The study dosimetric constants showed that the dose to children exceeded in a large proportion of the French and Belgian DRLs.
Les Méthodes Moléculaires Pour La Caractérisation Des Champignons Phytopathogènes
Authors: Benslimane Hamida
Published: September 2016

Development of new disease-resistant varieties and the development of epidemic control strategies, require knowledge of the molecular structure and genetic relationships among the pathogen populations. Molecular methods are used to explore the diversity at the DNA level. In fact, they highlight molecular markers which are independent of the host selection, allowing study of biodiversity on the genome. These markers are most effective than a virulence markers, consequently they has become widely used in the plant pathology laboratories. This mini-review summarized the main molecular methods used; the paper describe for each one, the principle, the sequenced steps, then the advantages or inconveniences.
La Géomorphologie De La Plage De Haouzia (Littoral Atlantique Marocain) : Origine Et Mise En Place De Ses Sédiments Actuels
Authors: Khouaja Soukaina , Ouadia Mohamed , Irzan El Mehdi
Published: September 2016

Geomorphological study of the range of Haouzia shows that the latter is more or less homogeneous but influenced by the mouth of the Oued Oum Rbia to the No. Spatio-temporal variation and the heterogeneity and beach profiles are related to the morphology of the beach and the coastal dynamics. Its sediments enrich carbonate because they feed Cretaceous land upstream of the mouth and the Quaternary calcarenites outcropping in the submerged area of the beach. Heavy minerals come from land metamorphic (Boulaouane) and magmatic (Sidi Saïd Maachou) through the Oued Oum Rbia and then taken over by the littoral drift. The weight content of heavy minerals is a good indicator of the direction of the transfer (no SW) of these minerals and sediment. The relative heterogeneity of sediments is favoured by the mouth of the Oued Oum Rbia allowing mixing of continental and marine sediments. It is all the more pronounced to the SW (breaking the waves) and winter (storms). Sediment (coarse and fine) are generally ranked especially in part SW (quiet environment despite the onslaught of the waves) and dune (sorting by the wind). Haouzia beach is under anthropogenic pressure to order, essentially, tourist who is behind the deforestation of the forest of Hameed and therefore the destabilization of the environment (including the beach). Urgent action is needed to protect this beach playing an important socio-economic role in the region.
Rôle De La Fracturation Dans La Circulation Des Eaux Souterraines Et La Répartition Des Sources : Cas Du Bassin Hydrogéologique De Sefrou (Moyen Atlas Septentrional, Maroc)
Authors: Idrissi Bouhsine El Fellah , Hinaje Said , Cherai Bouamama , Mehdi Khalid
Published: September 2016

The formation of the basin of Sefrou is related to the normal successive movements of the faults N130, N80, N30 and N170 which follow one another since the upper Miocene until the recent medium-Quaternary. Seeing the dynamic of groundwater in the carbonated lands (Liasic dolomites) is primarily guided by the fractures and the cracks; we propose to study the influence of brittle tectonics on the spatial organization of the flows and the relation of the groundwater circulation with the fracturing. The analysis of the fracturing (affecting the Flavio-lake and travertines deposits of plio-quaternary age and their Miocene and Jurassic substratum) and the structural cuts as well as the correlation of the piezometric map established from the piezometric reports with that of the fracturing, allowed us to note that the fractures play a very important part in the geometry of the Liasic aquifer and the mode of the circulation of groundwater. This circulation is dependent on the zones of weaknesses along the faults and fractures. Water emergences are very variable and controlled by the paramount influence of the nature of the lithological formations and the tectonic structure on underground circulations. Indeed, the sources of water located in the basin of Sefrou are indexed, according to their origin, inside two types: sources of emergence and sources of discharge.
Apical Root Resorption After Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Panainte Irinel , Grancea Claudia – Georgeta , Zamfir – Buta Valentina – Tamara , Pacurar Mariana
Published: September 2016

Aim of the studyː to find if apical root resorption is related to orthodontic treatment time, type of appliance used and which are the most susceptible teeth to develop this type of resorption. Material and methodsː 70 patients (27 males and 43 females) selected from patients reffered for an orthodontic treatment at the Orthodontic Department of Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy from TirguMures. The mean age at the beginning of treatment was 15.11 years for males and 14.67 years for females subjects. At the end of treatment, on their panormaic radiographs it was measured apical root resorption on incisors, premolars and molars in the upper and lower arch. Resultsː Root resorption was significantly (p< 0.05) correlated with fixed appliance treatment (49 percent). Patients with the longest treatment periods presented with significantly (p<0.05) more grade 2 resorptionː 28 months (± 2.6 SD) in the upper arch and 30 months (± 3.2 SD) in the lower arch. In the patients with the lowest treatment period (16 months in the maxilla and 18 months in the mandible arch) it was found no resorption. In the upper arch most of the patients (22.22 % males and 18.6% females) showed a grade 2 resorption in the incisor area. Root resorption of the premolars was seen in 18.5% of the male patients (7.4% with grade 2 ) and in 16.26 % of the female patients (6.97 with grade 2). Conclusionsː There is a high correlation between the orthodontic treatment time and apical root resorption. Most exposed to this process are incisors from bot, upper and lower arch. Less resorption was noticed in the premolar area.
Negotiating The Maze: Confronting Dysphagia Together With My Stroke-Afflicted Family Member
Authors: Tseng Ying-Jung , Tsao Lee-Ing , Wang Hsueh-Pei , Wang Vinchi , Chen Mei-Hui , Wang Chin-Man , Lin Shu-Li , Lin Yu-Li
Published: September 2016

Aim: To generate a descriptive theory grounded in the responses of family caregivers caring for their family stroke survivors with dysphagia during hospitalization. Design and Method: A qualitative study employing the grounded theory method was used. Fifteen family caregivers participated in comprehensive interviews. The interview data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Findings: ‘Negotiating the maze: Confronting dysphagia with my stroke-afflicted family member’ was the core category guiding the care process for dysphagia family members among caregivers. After surviving stroke, the caregivers felt ‘more confusion less rejoicing’ as the antecedent condition. The following three interaction categories were identified: (1) ‘being overwhelmed by nasogastric (NG) tube issues’; (2) ‘searching for the right helper and information’; and (3) ‘food culture conflicts with the formula diet administered through the NG tube’. Additionally, ‘Maintaining positivity’ described the consequence of this process. Conclusions: This study highlights the critical perspective of family members who care for dysphagia stroke survivors in the hospital. Participants were under tremendous pressure during the disease treatment process. However, all attempted to maintain a positive attitude and treasured the chance to accompany their family members. Clinical Relevance: These findings can assist health professionals in charting the effects of dysphagia and in understanding the problems and needs according to the subjective perspectives of family caregivers. They can also provide a necessary foundation for comprehensive care interventions for family caregivers of stroke survivors with dysphagia.
Clinical Evaluation Of The Periodontal Condition During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Martha Krisztina , Panainte Irinel , Ogodescu Alexandru
Published: September 2016

Throughout orthodontic treatment, oral hygiene is particularly important and must be rigorously controlled throughout therapeutic act. The aim of our clinical study was to examine the periodontal status of patients before, during and after orthodontic appliances are used. 50 patients were selected, plaque index, gingival index, modified papillae bleeding index and clinical probing depth was evaluated on anchorage teeth, separately those with orthodontic bands and tubes. One of the most common findings during this kind of treatment is gingival alteration in the posterior region. Our practical observations showed a different status of these alterations at patients wearing bands on the anchorage teeth versus those with buccal tubes. Using some of the indices which describes the periodontal status at adult and adolescent patients, we found out that adolescents present a higher plaque index, and the accumulation of dental plaque is more severe when bands are used in both categories. Another finding, which is very important in everyday practice is that gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation decrease one month after debonding.
A EUCARISTIA: UMA REFLEXÃO A PARTIR DA TRADIÇÃO LITÚRGICA
Authors: Gopegui Juan Antonio Ruiz de
Published: September 2016

A forma de conceber a celebração da eucaristia esteve no centro das grandes controvérsias do século XVI que tiveram como resultado uma das mais funestas divisões da Igreja de Jesus Cristo que perdura até hoje. Se o centro das divergências estava no tema paulino da “gratuidade da salvação em Cristo”, não podia deixar de refletir-se no Mistério central da fé: a Eucaristia, que no dizer dos Pais da Igreja celebra a “totalidade do Mistério de Cristo”, totum mysterium. O Concílio Vaticano II, celebrado com a participação, na qualidade de observadores, de representantes de várias confissões cristãs não católicas, já desde as primeiras sessões e certamente a partir do seu primeiro documento, a Constituição Sacrosanctum Concilium sobre a Sagrada Liturgia, abriu horizontes promissores às esperanças dos cristãos que ansiavam e oravam por uma volta à unidade.
A ORIGEM DOS PRESBÍTEROS-EPÍSCOPOS NA IGREJA DO NOVO TESTAMENTO (I)
Authors: Almeida Antonio José de
Published: September 2016

O presente estudo propõe-se a investigar a origem do ministério episcopal, na medida em que é observável nos escritos do Novo Testamento. Depois de uma breve introdução metodológica, recolhem-se sinteticamente as principais informações do Novo Testamento sobre os ministérios eclesiais, em sua totalidade, diversidade e unidade.
BISPOS PARA O SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Faus José Ignacio Gonzales
Published: September 2016

Faz algum tempo, escrevi que o antigo problema de "O Jesus Histórico e o Cristo da fé" estava dando lugar a outro problema novo sobre "a comunidade histórica e a Igreja da fé". Não é exatamente um problema novo, nem tão virulento como o foi o outro em suas origens. Porém, hoje, é possível afirmar que - como para o caso do Jesus histórico gozamos de um mínimo de dados muito importantes e com suficiente garantia histórica que ajudaram a purificar a nossa imagem de Jesus - também no caso da Igreja existem determinados consensos que podem ajudar a purificar nossa fé e nosso sentido eclesial, como devem ajudar a própria Igreja a purificar-se e a ser mais Igreja de Jesus.
ÉTICA ECOLÓGICA: ANTROPOCENTRISMO OU BIOCENTRISMO?
Authors: Junges José Roque
Published: September 2016

Os problemas ecológicos avolumam-se, ameaçando com uma total catástrofe o sistema terra. Buracos na camada de ozônio, aumento gradativo da temperatura, degelo das calotas polares, mutações climáticas, desertificação de imensas regiões, desaparecimento crescente de espécies vegetais e animais são alguns dos problemas que ameaçam o ecossistema terra.
O CAMINHO DA UNIDADE: ORAÇÃO PARA A CONVERSÃO
Authors: Gopegui Juan
Published: September 2016

A oração pela unidade da Igreja de Jesus Cristo no seio de uma Igreja dividida tem origens antigas. Em 1867,a primeira assembléia de bispos anglicanos em Lambeth, na introdução de suas resoluções, pede com insistência a oração pela unidade. Em 1894, o Papa Leão XIII encoraja a prática de um Oitavário de Oração no contexto de Pentecostes. Em 1935,o Padre Paul Couturier torna-se o advogado da "Semana universal de oração "pela unidade que Cristo quer e pelos meios que ele quer". Em 1958,o centro "Unidade cristã" de Lyon começa a preparar o tema para a Semana de Oração, em colaboração com a Comissão "Fé e Constituição" do Conselho Mundial de Igrejas.
INFERNO: REVELAÇÃO OU FRUTO DO IMAGINÁRIO COLETIVO?
Authors: Gopegui Juan A. Ruiz de
Published: September 2016

A história da pregação a respeito do Inferno é um exemplo eloqüente da complexidade hermenêutica dos textos da Escritura. Basta comparar a descrição dos tormentos eternos dos condenados que se tornou comum em determinadas épocas da Igreja, com a maneira extremamente sóbria, discreta e positiva com que o capítulo VII da “Constituição Dogmática, Lumen Gentium, sobre a Igreja”, fala da escatologia cristã. Consultem-se os escritos recentes de eminentes teólogos sobre o assunto e ficará claro que a interpretação dos textos escatológicos da Escritura feita pelos manuais clássicos de teologia resulta hoje inaceitável e até escandalosa.
AS DINÂMICAS DA GLOBALIZAÇÃO E A UNIVERSIDADE
Authors: Aquino Maria Pilar
Published: September 2016

Enquanto escrevia este artigo, ocorreram vários eventos relacionados com a vida da Associação Ecumênica de Teólogos do Terceiro Mundo (ASETT) que, para mim e para um grupo de teólogos e teólogas pertencentes a ela, expuseram a necessidade de repensar criticamente sua identidade, função e operação no mundo. Nossa percepção, seja ou não compartilhada pelo conjunto dos membros, é que, devido à sua configuração interna, essa Associação tem atuado, nos últimos dez anos, como uma organização excludente, onde o poder é exercido de forma elitista e autocrática. Apesar de a ASETT ter sido criada para apoiar e promover a atividade teológica a partir do “Terceiro Mundo”, em termos de justiça e libertação, seu modo de funcionar parece distanciado das lutas globais por participação democrática da parte dos grupos excluídos.
O PADRE IBIAPINA, PRECURSOR DA OPÇÃO PELOS POBRES NA IGREJA DO BRASIL
Authors: Júnior Luis Araujo Pinto
Published: September 2016

Pe. Ibiapina (1806-1883) protagonizou, por antecipação, a opção pelos pobres formalizada em Medellín e reassumida em Puebla. Foi um de seus precursores. A releitura da história do Pe. Ibiapina – seu testemunho de vida, sua pregação, sua atuação missionária, suas iniciativas no âmbito social caritativo – revela seu caráter profético de homem comprometido com a Igreja, capaz de olhar, no entanto, para além do espaço eclesiástico, onde encontra os pobres, os principais beneficiários de sua ação e razão de ser de seu ministério. Faremos, neste texto, uma espécie de mapeamento da atuação do Pe. Ibiapina, com o objetivo de evidenciar o filão da opção pelos pobres que dá unidade aos vários âmbitos de seu trabalho pastoral.
DO TEMPLO TRADICIONAL AO PÚLPITO ELETRÔNICO CONSIDERAÇÕES TEOLÓGICAS SOBRE EVANGELIZAÇÃO E MÍDIA
Authors: Palácio Carlos
Published: September 2016

A familiaridade da Igreja com a comunicação não é de hoje. A transmissão da fé é uma exigência inerente à experiência cristã. O ‘evangelho’ deve ser proclamado aos quatro ventos. Esse é o sentido da missão cristã (Mt 10,5ss; Lc. 10,1ss; Mt 28,16-20). Por isso, desde muito cedo, a palavra – oral e escrita – foi o veículo da transmissão do evangelho. É a função dos evangelhos escritos para as comunidades cristãs, ou a finalidade do diálogo e da apologia em relação aos pagãos. O recurso à palavra e ao manuscrito foram instrumentos decisivos para a transmissão do cristianismo na cultura ocidental, muito antes da aparição da ‘galáxia Gutenberg’ (1464).
O CARÁTER NARRATIVO DA NORMATIVIDADE EM TEOLOGIA MORAL
Authors: Ribeiro Junior Nilo
Published: September 2016

O problema da normatividade na moralidade cristã não pode deixar de ser enfrentado pelo teólogo, mesmo se isso causa um certo malestar, seja pelo contexto de nossa cultura individualista, seja pela tendência fortemente nostálgica de uma religião com amplas pretensões de legislar sobre a vida moral de seus seguidores.
A FÉ CRISTÃ NO OCIDENTE: ENTRE A CALIDEZ EMOCIONAL E A PARRESIA EVANGÉLICA
Authors: Uríbarri Gabino
Published: September 2016

Partindo-se de instâncias muito diversas, a capacidade evangelizadora da Igreja nos países ocidentais é preocupante. Em particular, João Paulo II sublinhou repetidas vezes a necessidade de um novo impulso e da revisão dos modelos de evangelização. Dentro desse horizonte mais global, proponho uma meditação sobre um aspecto parcial, ainda que importante e arraigado, do modo de viver a fé nos países ocidentais, o qual tem a ver com nossa capacidade ou ineptidão para transmitir a boa notícia da fé no Senhor Jesus. Seguirei o esquema típico das meditações de Santo Inácio nos Exercícios Espirituais. Começo com uma composição de lugar, contemplando o aspecto singular da fé no Ocidente que me interessa: a centralidade do bem-estar emocional nesta forma de inculturar a fé.
TERESA DE ÁVILA, TESTEMUNHA DO MISTÉRIO DE DEUS
Authors: Pádua Lúcia Pedrosa de
Published: September 2016

Apresentar Santa Teresa, Doutora da Igreja e mestra de oração, significa abrir os tesouros e os caminhos da grande Tradição mística cristã e universal. Significa enriquecer a teologia com a experiência de Deus, vivida e refletida, de uma grande mulher. Significa buscar chaves de discernimento de uma mística para os nossos dias. Quem se dedica aos estudos teresianos depara um universo complexo e fascinante, em que doutrina e experiência se unem. Aproxima-se, ao mesmo tempo, de um saber sobre Deus e do mundo interior de uma pessoa.