bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National climate strategies show inequalities in global development of carbon dioxide geological storage
Authors: Alcalde Juan , Johnson Gareth , Roberts Jennifer J.
Published: January 2025

Carbon dioxide geological storage (CGS) is considered critical for limiting global average temperature rise to below 1.5 °C by mitigating fossil industrial emissions and delivering permanent Carbon Dioxide Removals. Here we examine the role of CGS in long-term national emission reduction strategies submitted to the UNFCCC under the Paris Agreement. We find that a third of countries plan to develop CGS for emissions mitigation only, and a third for both emissions mitigation and carbon removals, but no countries plan on CGS for carbon removals alone. Neither the presence or performance of CGS maturity assessments correspond to CGS plans. Climate strategies of high income countries with high historic oil and gas production show firmest commitment to CGS. These countries already have multiple advantages for implementing and benefiting from CGS, which raises inequalities and sensitivities that must be carefully considered when designing carbon market and climate finance policies and frameworks for CGS development.
Encapsulation of perovskite quantum dots in CAU-17 organic frameworks for stable photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Wen , Hu Jing , Zhang Dengping , Lv Yuqing , Long Yunchuan , Jiang Juan , Zhou Shaoqi
Published: January 2025

In this study, MAPbBr3 was encapsulated within a porous metal–organic framework (CAU-17) via ligand-assisted reprecipitation, which enhanced the perovskite's photocatalytic stability.
A HF-resistant perfluorinated porous polymer for the separation of electronic specialty gases
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Yin Hui , Huang Jiawu , Zhou Xiaoying , Yang Cuiting , Zhang Zilu , Peng Junjie , Xiao Jing
Published: January 2025

A perfluorinated porous polymer, PFPP-1, featuring large SBET (1068 m2 g−1) and ultrahigh fluorine content (35.6 at%), was synthesized to accomplish high HF resistance and selective adsorption of F-gases.
Effects of the thermal field on the diameter enlargement of 200 mm SiC by PVT method
Authors: Xu Binjie , Cui Hao , Chen Pengyang , Pi Xiaodong , Yang Deren , Han Xuefeng
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the diameter enlargement of a 200 mm 4H-SiC seed crystal with a cone-shaped guide structure, focusing on the impact of the thermal field on polycrystal and polytype formation at the single crystal edges.
Festschrift for Judith Herzfeld: spectroscopic and theoretical studies of biomolecules, aqueous solutions, and materials
Authors: Bondar Ana-Nicoleta , Brown Leonid S. , Kandori Hideki , Ladizhansky Vladimir
Published: January 2025

Guest editors Ana-Nicoleta Bondar, Leonid S. Brown, Hideki Kandori and Vladimir Ladizhansky introduce this themed collection celebrating the research of Prof. Judith Herzfeld.
Three-dimensional hollow ZnS/MXene heterostructures with stable Ti–O–Zn bonding for enhanced lithium-ion storage
Authors: Yang Wei , Wang Wenqing , Huang Shidi , Gao Mengluan , Weng Fuming , Zou Rujia
Published: January 2025

Three-dimensional hollow ZnS/MXene heterostructures with stable Ti–O–Zn were fabricated, which can provide conducting networks to offer faster Li+ pathways, fix the location of ZnS, prevent agglomeration, and avoid volume expansion of ZnS.
Strawberry anthocyanin pelargonidin-3-glucoside attenuated OA-induced neurotoxicity by activating UPRmt
Authors: Han Xiao , Chen Xinyi , Zheng Xiaodong , Yan Fujie
Published: January 2025

This study predicted the effect of strawberry anthocyanins on lipid metabolism through network pharmacology. The UPRmt mediated by ubl-5 plays a crucial role in beneficial effects of the Pg3G monomer on nematodes under oleic acid exposure.
Chrysanthemum extract mitigates high-fat diet-induced inflammation, intestinal barrier damage and gut microbiota disorder
Authors: Yuan Yiwei , Zhang Yu , Hu Chunli , Wang Zhenyu , Xu Qianqian , Pan Ruili , Li Xiaojun , Christian Mark , Zhu Peinan , Zhao Jin
Published: January 2025

An effective intervention for obesity without side effects is needed.
Catalyst design for ammonia decomposition: an overview
Authors: Han Tong , Wei Lu , Xie Shaohua , Liu Yuxi , Dai Hongxing , Deng Jiguang
Published: January 2025

The key catalyst design strategies for ammonia efficient decomposition include size effect, alkalinity modulation, metal–carrier interactions, and alloying.
Unraveling the phenotypic and metabolic responses induced by urea-encapsulated hydrogel beads on Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss
Authors: Balakrishnan Muthumari , Balasubramanian Vignesh Kumar , Murugan Kavitha , John Kennedy John Praveen Kumar , Dhanasekaran Subashri , Fu Shih-Feng , Ho Shang-Tse , Muthuramalingam Jothi Basu , Chou Jui-Yu
Published: January 2025

Urea-encapsulated hydrogels were synthesized using plant biopolymers. The phenotypic parameters and metabolic response of B. juncea were evaluated and the variations between hydrogel-based urea delivery and direct urea treatment were highlighted.
Structural and electronic transition of layered PtSe2 into non-layered PtSe
Authors: Zhussupbekov Kuanysh , Berman Samuel , Prechtl Maximilian , Busch Marc , Zhussupbekova Ainur , Duesberg Georg S. , Nicolosi Valeria , Novoselov Kostya S. , Ó Coileáin Cormac , Shvets Igor V.
Published: January 2025

Metallic PtSe is obtained from thermal conversion of PtSe2 grown by chemical vapor deposition, highlighting the significance of sub-stoichiometric phases within transition metal dichalcogenide films.
A fluorescence nanosensor based on modified sustainable silica for highly sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody
Authors: Apriyani Firda , Sari Shaimah Rinda , Petrus Himawan Tri Bayu Murti , Angelina Marissa , Manurung Robeth V. , Septiani Ni Luh Wulan , Yuliarto Brian , Jenie S. N. Aisyiyah
Published: January 2025

A sustainable silica-based fluorescence nanosensor synthesized via a sol–gel method from geothermal silica and an organic dye modified with a bioreceptor using the hydrosilylation reaction for ultra-sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody.
In vivo vectorization and delivery systems for gene therapies and RNA-based therapeutics in oncology
Authors: Schock Vaiani Julie , Broekgaarden Mans , Coll Jean-Luc , Sancey Lucie , Busser Benoit
Published: January 2025

Payload delivery systems for DNA- and RNA-based therapies are advancing with viral and non-viral vectors, including lipidic and polymeric nanoparticles. This work highlights their role in oncology, innovations, and use in clinical trials.
Photocatalytic stereoselective synthesis of amido-substituted (E)-α-trifluoromethyl allylamines via Heck-type alkylation
Authors: Liu Lingli , Cheng Yangian , Pan Changduo , Yu Jin-Tao
Published: January 2025

A photocatalytic Heck-type alkylation of enamides with N-trifluoroethyl hydroxylamine reagents was developed to synthesize amido-substituted (E)-α-trifluoromethyl allylamines.
Cyclometalated half-sandwich iridium(iii) and rhodium(iii) complexes as efficient agents against cancer stem-cell mammospheres
Authors: Josa Dana , Herrera-Ramírez Piedad , Feng Xiao , Gutiérrez Albert , Aguilà David , Grabulosa Arnald , Martínez Manuel , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan , Gamez Patrick
Published: January 2025

Four cyclometalated Rh(iii) and Ir(iii) piano-stool complexes were synthesized and fully characterized, including single-crystal X-ray structural analysis. Their potential anticancer properties were evaluated using cancer stem-cell mammospheres.
Advances in synthetic strategies for two-dimensional conjugated polymers
Authors: Zhao Ruyan , Liu Guoqin , Koko Philomène Leonore , Wang Mingchao , Feng Xinliang
Published: January 2025

This review covers synthetic approaches towards crystalline 2D conjugated polymers linked by imines, pyrazines, vinylenes, C–C, or imidazoles. It explores the interplay between structures and properties, highlighting their prospects in electronics.
From monomers to pentamers, diverse antimicrobial benzofuran polyketides from marine-derived Striaticonidium cinctum
Authors: Chen Chunmei , Cai Jian , Yang Chun , Chen Yi , Liu Manli , Fang Wei , Yang Bin , Tao Huaming , Liu Yonghong , Zhou Xuefeng
Published: January 2025

Twenty-seven new benzofuran polyketides, including unprecedented nonsymmetric C–C linked dimers and unusual sulfinyl bridge-linked polymers, were isolated from the marine fungus Striaticonidium cinctum SCSIO 41432.
An endoplasmic reticulum-targeting hydroxyl radical fluorescent probe for imaging of ferroptosis and screening of natural protectants
Authors: Li Hongyu , Luo Xue , Jian Yue , Lv Jiajia , Li Xinmin , Gao Jie , Shi Wen , Li Xiaohua , Yuan Zeli , Ma Huimin
Published: January 2025

An endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ·OH fluorescent probe is proposed. Using the probe, the increase of ·OH in the ER during ferroptosis was revealed, and icariside I (a natural flavonoid derivative) was screened for effective inhibition of ferroptosis.
An encodable amino acid for targeted photocatalysis
Authors: Wong Man Sing , Karmakar Utsa , Bertolini Marco , Reese Abigail E. , Mendive-Tapia Lorena , Vendrell Marc
Published: January 2025

New Si-rosamine amino acids were site-specifically introduced into whole protein structures. The resulting conjugates were employed for targeted photocatalytic reactions in subpopulations of immune cells.
Print-light-synthesis of electrocatalytically active gas diffusion electrodes for fuel cell applications
Authors: Silva Wanderson O. , Mabillard Alexandre , Soutrenon Mathieu , Gschwend Grégoire , Ligen Yorick , Joris Steve , Bondaz Luc , Agrawal Kumar Varoon , Girault Hubert H.
Published: January 2025

The present work reports a simple approach to manufacture electrocatalytically active gas diffusion electrodes in two steps: (i) inkjet printing and (ii) flash light irradiation from a xenon flash lamp, a process called Print-light-synthesis (PLS).
Enhanced tribological performance of a supramolecular gel with F-doped carbon dots via in situ directional ultrasonication
Authors: Jin Guangkai , Li Hang , Cui Yuhong , Wang Tiantian , Xue Shenghua , Shi Junqin , Liu Shujuan , Ye Qian , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin
Published: January 2025

The Gel@F-CDs gel composite material is prepared using directional ultrasonication, effectively addressing the dispersion stability issue of F-CDs. This material can maintain a low COF (<0.115) under high contact pressure (150 N) for over 10 h.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(ester amide)-based materials for 3D printing of tissue engineering scaffolds
Authors: dos Santos Patrícia , Alves Beatriz , Inocêncio Sara , Nunes Pedro , Richardson Stephen M. , Gloria Antonio , Serra Arménio , Fonseca Ana Clotilde , Domingos Marco
Published: January 2025

A new library of biocompatible AAA-PEAs with tunable physicochemical properties is proposed and validated for use as polymeric materials in the additive manufacturing (AM) of tissue engineering scaffolds.
Intramolecular through-space versus through-bond charge transfer in new donor-carbazole-acceptor type luminophores
Authors: Drapala Jakub , Sadocha Anna , Cyranski Michał K. , Zagorska Malgorzata , Pron Adam , Kulszewicz-Bajer Irena
Published: January 2025

New donor-carbazole-acceptor derivatives can exhibit fluorescence in the blue–orange spectral range. The observed emission suggests the involvement of through bond and through space charge transfers.
Strongly yellow photo- and electroluminescent palladium(ii) complexes via metal-assisted thermally activated delayed fluorescence
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wan Xintong , Zhang Qizheng , Zhang Jingling , Jiang Li , Li Nengquan , Miao Jingsheng , Li Kai
Published: January 2025

The rigid O-bridged triphenylborane is used for developing thermally activated delayed fluorescent Pd(ii) complexes by combining the concepts of metal-perturbed intraligand charge transfer excited states and intramolecular noncovalent interactions.
On thin ice – a review of multi-level governance regarding Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern (CEAC)
Authors: Cowan Emily , Allan Jen Iris , Seppälä Timo , Krümmel Eva M. , de Leon Fe , Maes Thomas
Published: January 2025

Governance of CEAC in the Arctic spans global, regional, and national levels. Strengthening coordination across levels is key to addressing CEAC risks and protecting Arctic ecosystems.
Improving photovoltaic hosting capacity of distribution networks with coordinated inverter control: A case study of the EPRI J1 feeder
Authors: Dalal Dhaval , Sondharangalla Madhura , Ayyanar Rajapandian , Pal Anamitra
Published: January 2025

Adding photovoltaic (PV) systems in distribution networks, while desirable for reducing the carbon footprint, can lead to voltage violations under high solar‐low load conditions. The inability of traditional volt‐VAr control in eliminating all the violations is also well‐known. This article presents a novel coordinated inverter control methodology that leverages system‐wide situational awareness to significantly improve hosting capacity (HC). The methodology employs a real‐time voltage‐reactive power (VQ) sensitivity matrix in an iterative linear optimizer to calculate the minimum reactive power intervention from PV inverters needed for mitigating over‐voltage without resorting to active power curtailing or requiring step voltage regulator setting changes. The algorithm is validated using the EPRI J1 feeder under an extensive set of realistic use cases and is shown to provide 3x improvement in HC under all scenarios.
Enhancing wind power forecasting and ramp detection using long short‐term memory networks and the swinging door algorithm
Authors: Pandit Ravi , Mu Shikun , Astolfi Davide
Published: January 2025

Accurate prediction of short‐term wind power ramps is essential for effective smart grid management. This study introduces the swinging door algorithm for ramp detection, which outperforms traditional methods by precisely identifying ramp events. Additionally, a long short‐term memory (LSTM) network is evaluated against established models such as support vector machines, artificial neural networks, convex multi‐task feature learning, and random forest for wind power ramp forecasting. The LSTM model demonstrates superior performance, achieving the lowest weighted mean absolute percentage error of 8.36% and normalized root mean squared error of 0.60, alongside the highest R‐squared (R2) value of 0.73, indicating strong predictive accuracy and correlation with observed data. Furthermore, the combined swinging door algorithm‐LSTM framework improved ramp event detection by 15% compared to traditional methods, showcasing its robustness in capturing both mild and extreme ramp events. This research underlines LSTM's effectiveness in wind power forecasting, marking a notable advancement in prediction methodologies. By illustrating the strengths of LSTM and swinging door algorithm, the study contributes to the refinement of prediction models for smart grid applications, highlighting their potential to transform wind power ramp prediction and detection.
Application of improved sparrow search algorithm and dynamic window method in mobile robot path planning and real‐time obstacle avoidance
Authors: Shen Lingyu , bin Ahmad Hairuddin Muhammad Khairi Faiz
Published: January 2025

In complex dynamic environments, robot path planning faces challenges in multi‐objective optimization, such as path length, smoothness and obstacle avoidance capability. To address this, this paper proposes an improved sparrow search algorithm based on chaotic initialization and the golden positive cosine strategy for multi‐objective path planning. Diverse initial populations are generated through chaotic mapping to enhance global search capability and avoid falling into local optima. The golden positive cosine strategy optimizes individual position updates to accelerate convergence and ensure path smoothness. Results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms sparrow search algorithm (SSA), with improvements of 21.1% in path length, 16.3% in smoothness and 14.2% in obstacle avoidance capability. After achieving global path optimization, the improved dynamic window approach (IDWA) is employed for real‐time obstacle avoidance in dynamic environments, dynamically adjusting the window size based on robot speed, obstacle density and target distance to adaptively expand or shrink the search space, thereby improving obstacle avoidance flexibility and efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed method surpasses SSA in terms of path length, smoothness, obstacle avoidance capability and computational efficiency in both static and dynamic environments.
Unveiling the kinematics of a central region in the triple-AGN host NGC 7733-7734 interacting group
Authors: Keshri Saili , Barway Sudhanshu , Das Mousumi , Yadav Jyoti , Combes Francoise
Published: January 2025

We present a detailed study of the interacting triple active galactic nuclear system, NGC 7733-34, focusing on stellar kinematics, ionised gas characteristics, and star formation within the central region and stellar bars of both galaxies. We performed a comprehensive analysis using archival data from MUSE, HST/ACS, and DECaLS, complemented with observations from UVIT and IRSF. We identified a disc-like bulge in both NGC 7733 and NGC 7734 through a 2D decomposition. A central nuclear structure, with a semi-major axis of ∼1.113 kpc, was detected in NGC 7733 via a photometric and kinematic analysis, confirmed by the strong anti-correlation between V/σ and h_3, indicative of circular orbits in the centre. NGC 7734 lacks a distinct nuclear structure. The presence of a disc-like bulge results in an anti-correlation between V/σ and h_3, along with diffuse light. However, it does show higher central velocity dispersion, possibly attributed to an interaction with a smaller clump, which is likely a fourth galaxy within the system. Both galaxies demonstrate ongoing star formation, evidenced by FUV and Hα observations. NGC 7734 shows recent star formation along its bar, while NGC 7733 experiences bar quenching. The star formation rate (SFR) analysis of NGC 7734 reveals that the bar region's SFR dominates the galaxy's overall SFR. Conversely, in NGC 7733, the lack of star formation along the bar and the presence of a Seyfert 2 active galactic nucleus (AGN) at the galaxy centre suggest the possibility of link among both. However, this would not affect the galaxy's overall star formation. Our findings provide valuable insights into the stellar and gas kinematics, star formation processes, and AGN feedback mechanisms in interacting galaxies hosting stellar bars.
Icarus 3.0: Dynamic heliosphere modelling
Authors: Baratashvili T. , Popescu Braileanu B. , Bacchini F. , Keppens R. , Poedts S.
Published: January 2025

Context. Space weather predictions are necessary to avoid damage caused by intense geomagnetic storms. Such strong storms are usually caused by a co-rotating interaction region (CIR) passing at Earth or by the arrival of strong coronal mass ejections (CMEs). To mitigate the damage, the effect of propagating CMEs in the solar wind must be estimated accurately at Earth and other locations. Modelling solar wind accurately is crucial for space weather predictions, as it is the medium for CME propagation.

Aims. The Icarus heliospheric modelling tool is upgraded to handle dynamic inner heliospheric driving instead of using steady boundary conditions. The ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) solver and the automated grid-adaptivity are adjusted to the latest MPI-AMRVAC version. This new combination allows us to model the solar heliosphere more accurately.

Methods. The inner boundary conditions, prescribed at 0.1 AU for the heliospheric model, are updated time-dependently throughout the simulation. The coronal model (r < 0.1 AU) is computed repeatedly for selected magnetograms, and the r = 0.1 AU radial boundary prescription is provided to the heliospheric modelling tool. The particle sampling within MPI-AMRVAC is extended to handle stretched spherical grid information. It is well suited for tracing solar wind plasma conditions at the locations of planets and satellites in the heliosphere.

Results. The solar wind obtained in the simulation is dynamic and shows significant variations throughout the evolution. When comparing the results with the observations, the dynamic solar wind results are more accurate than previous results obtained with purely steady boundary driving. The CMEs propagated through the dynamic solar wind background produce more similar signatures in the time-series data than in the steady solar wind.

Conclusions. Dynamic boundary driving in Icarus results in a more self-consistent solar wind evolution in the inner heliosphere. The upgraded particle sampling allows for a very versatile sampling of the solution at the spatio-temporally varying locations of satellites. The obtained space weather modelling tool for dynamic solar wind and CME simulations is better suited for space weather forecasting than a steady solar wind model.
The role of dry mergers in shaping the scaling relations of galaxies
Authors: D’Onofrio Mauro , Chiosi Cesare , Brevi Francesco
Published: January 2025

Context. In the context of the hierarchical formation of galaxies, we investigated the role played by mergers in shaping the scaling relations of galaxies, that is the projections of their fundamental plane onto the Ie − Re, Ie − σ, Re − Ms, and L − σ planes. To this end, based on the scalar virial theorem, we developed a simple theory of multiple dry mergers to read both the large-scale simulations and the companion scaling relations.

Aims. The aim was to compare the results of this approach with the observational data and with two of the most recent and detailed numerical cosmo-hydro-dynamical simulations: Illustris-TNG and EAGLE (Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments).

Methods. We derived these scaling relations for the galaxies of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) and Wide-field Imaging of Nearby Galaxy-Clusters Survey (WINGS) databases and compared them with the observational data, the numerical simulations, and the results of our simple theory of dry mergers.

Results. The multiple dry merging mechanism is able to explain all the main characteristics of the observed scaling relations of galaxies, such as slopes, scatters, curvatures, and zones of exclusion. The distribution of galaxies in these planes is continuously changing across time because of the merging activity and other physical processes, such as star formation, quenching, and energy feedback.

Conclusions. The simple merger theory presented here yields the correct distribution of galaxies in the main scaling relations at all cosmic epochs. The precision is comparable with that obtained by the modern cosmo-hydro-dynamical simulations, with the advantage of providing a rapid exploratory response on the consequences engendered by different physical effects.
Impact of extruded feed ingredient on meat quality of broiler chickens: A meta analysis
Authors: Risyahadi Sazli Tutur , Retnani Yuli , Sukria Heri Ahmad , Sumiati  , Jayanegara Anuraga , Sukarman Sukarman
Published: January 2025

Extruded-fed broilers can improve their performance by improving their digestibility, although its effect on meat quality has not been clarified. This study aims to evaluate the effects of extruded feed on broiler meat quality using meta-analysis. Literature was searched and screened using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Data from seven articles with publication time between 2013 and 2024 were calculated using OpenMEE software to determine the hedges-D of the meta-analysis and interpreted using forest plot images. The results showed that extruded feed did not negatively influence meat quality parameters, such as UFA, SFA, TBARS, Omega-3, pH, drip loss, freshness, and yellowness (P>0.05). It can also improve quality by decreasing WHC and reducing total lipids (P<0.05). These results indicate that extruded feed can improve meat quality.
Effect of Tb2O3 on mixed alkali borotellurie glass for enhanced green emission and scintillation efficiency
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Khan Inamullah , Alsaiari Norah Salem , Usmani Yusuf Siraj , Ouladsmane Mohamed , Zairov Rustem R. , Rooh Gul , Ullah Irfan , Qiao Fen , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: January 2025

Present work aims to determine the effect of Tb2O3 in mixed alkali borotellurie glass. The glass was characterized by different techniques. The increase in the density is accredited to the replacement of Te (158.9 amu) by Tb-ions (127.4 amu). Four absorption transition were observed and assigned as 5D4 (486 nm), 7F1 ( 1895 nm), 7F2 (1953 nm) and 7F3 (2234 nm). The band-gap lies in the 2.87–2.63 eV range. Emission spectra has four intense transition at 486, 545, 590 and 620 nm due to transition from 5D4-level to the 7FJ-level (where, J =6, 5, 4, 3) and three weak emission transition from 5D4-state to the 7FJ (J = 0, 1 and 2) lower levels. Integral scintillation efficiency of LNBT-Tb4 glass found to be 4.701% of BGO (Bi4Ge3O12) single crystal scintillator. It is observed that the lifetime of 5D4 state of the Tb3+-ions decreases for LNBT-Tb5 glass with increasing Tb2O3 (1.5 mol%) concentration. The CIE-coordinates value for LNBT are x = 0.30, y = 0.61 and fall in yellowish green region of CIE-diagram. The CCT value for LNBT is 5989K. These results suggest the potential of prepared glass sample for green LEDs and emission display devices.
Fractal dynamics model of gas adsorption in porous media
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Liu Gaofeng , Liu Huan , Wang Xiaoming , Lin Jia , Barakos George , Chang Ping
Published: January 2025

Adsorption temperature, pressure, and pore structure parameters are the key factors affecting gas adsorption in porous media. However, an adsorption dynamics model has not been established that comprehensively couples adsorption temperature, adsorption pressure, and pore structure parameters. In this study, the methane adsorption and pore structure measurements are conducted, and a novel fractal dynamics model of gas adsorption in porous media is proposed. The research results show the proposed model is a function of adsorption temperature (T), adsorption pressure (P), pore size parameters (γmax and γmin), fractal dimension (Df) for pore size, and fractal dimension (DT) for pore tortuosity. The error analysis indicates the predicted adsorption amount from the proposed model matches the measured adsorption amount. The proposed model achieves the determination of the critical point of gas absorption's temperature and pressure effects through a temperature-pressure dynamics analysis. This model provides a methodological basis for clean production based on the adsorption principle and also establishes a significant foundation for the fractal design strategies of novel materials.
Endogenous LRRK2 and PINK1 function in a convergent neuroprotective ciliogenesis pathway in the brain
Authors: Bagnoli Enrico , Lin Yu-En , Burel Sophie , Jaimon Ebsy , Antico Odetta , Themistokleous Christos , Nikoloff Jonas M. , Squires Samuel , Morella Ilaria , Watzlawik Jens O. , Fiesel Fabienne C. , Springer Wolfdieter , Tonelli Francesca , Lis Pawel , Brooks Simon P. , Dunnett Stephen B. , Brambilla Riccardo , Alessi Dario R. , Pfeffer Suzanne R. , Muqit Miratul M. K.
Published: January 2025

Mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) are associated with familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). LRRK2 phosphorylates Rab guanosine triphosphatase (GTPases) within the Switch II domain while PINK1 directly phosphorylates Parkin and ubiquitin (Ub) and indirectly induces phosphorylation of a subset of Rab GTPases. Herein we have crossed LRRK2 [R1441C] mutant knock-in mice with PINK1 knock-out (KO) mice and report that loss of PINK1 does not impact endogenous LRRK2-mediated Rab phosphorylation nor do we see significant effect of mutant LRRK2 on PINK1-mediated Rab and Ub phosphorylation. In addition, we observe that a pool of the Rab-specific, protein phosphatase family member 1H phosphatase, is transcriptionally up-regulated and recruited to damaged mitochondria, independent of PINK1 or LRRK2 activity. Parallel signaling of LRRK2 and PINK1 pathways is supported by assessment of motor behavioral studies that show no evidence of genetic interaction in crossed mouse lines. Previously we showed loss of cilia in LRRK2 R1441C mice and herein we show that PINK1 KO mice exhibit a ciliogenesis defect in striatal cholinergic interneurons and astrocytes that interferes with Hedgehog induction of glial derived-neurotrophic factor transcription. This is not exacerbated in double-mutant LRRK2 and PINK1 mice. Overall, our analysis indicates that LRRK2 activation and/or loss of PINK1 function along parallel pathways to impair ciliogenesis, suggesting a convergent mechanism toward PD. Our data suggest that reversal of defects downstream of ciliogenesis offers a common therapeutic strategy for LRRK2 or PINK1 PD patients, whereas LRRK2 inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials are unlikely to benefit PINK1 PD patients.
A planar-sheet nongraphitic zero-bandgap sp
2
carbon phase made by the low-temperature reaction of γ-graphyne
Authors: Aliev Ali E. , Guo Yongzhe , Fonseca Alexandre F. , Razal Joselito M. , Wang Zhong , Galvão Douglas S. , Bolding Claire M. , Chapman-Wilson Nathaniel E. , Desyatkin Victor G. , Leisen Johannes E. , Ribeiro Junior Luiz A. , Kanegae Guilherme B. , Lynch Peter , Zhang Jizhen , Judicpa Mia A. , Parra Aaron M. , Zhang Mengmeng , Gao Enlai , Hu Lifang , Rodionov Valentin O. , Baughman Ray H.
Published: January 2025

The highest sheet symmetry form of graphyne, with one triple bond between each neighboring hexagon in graphene, irreversibly transforms exothermically at ambient pressure and low temperatures into a nongraphitic, planar-sheet, zero-bandgap phase consisting of intrasheet-bonded sp
2
carbons. The synthesis of this sp
2
carbon phase is demonstrated, and other carbon phases are described for possible future synthesis from graphyne without breaking graphyne bonds. While measurements and theory indicate that the reacting graphyne becomes nonplanar because of sheet wrinkling produced by dimensional mismatch between reacted and nonreacted sheet regions, sheet planarity is regained when the reaction is complete. Although the observed elimination of triple bonds to make parallel planar sp
2
carbon sheets likely requires ordered transformation within each sheet, diffraction data for reacted multisheet stacks indicate that the relative lateral positions of neighboring sheets are disordered, as predicted, since no crystalline diffraction peak (other than for the intersheet spacing) is observed.
Neomorphic leukemia-derived mutations in the TET2 enzyme induce genome instability via a substrate shift from 5-methylcytosine to thymine
Authors: Jin Guang-Bo , Rong Shao-Qin , Yin Dong-Rui , Deng Zhou-Hao , Ding Xiao , Sheng Meng-Yao , Gao Hai , Kohli Rahul M. , Xu Guo-Liang , Zhou Dan
Published: January 2025

Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes oxidize 5-methylcytosine (mC) in DNA, contributing to the regulation of gene transcription. Diverse mutations of TET2 are frequently found in various blood cancers, yet the full scope of their functional consequences has been unexplored. Here, we report that a subset of TET2 mutations identified in leukemia patients alter the substrate specificity of TET2 from acting on mC to thymine. This neomorphic activity results from substitutions at key residues involved in the interactions with the mC base, including Asn1387 and His1904. Recombinant human TET2 proteins harboring the mutation of these residues can catalyze the oxidation of thymine to 5-hydroxymethyluracil (hmU) and 5-formyluracil (fU). Exogenous expression of the mutant TET2 Asn1387Thr (N1387T) in HEK293T cells leads to hmU accumulation, with levels further increased in cells lacking the glycosylase SMUG1. Endogenous knock-in of N1300T, the murine equivalent of N1387T, in mouse embryonic stem cells induces hmU production, causing DNA lesions and transcriptional activation of DNA damage response genes. N1300T cells accumulate more additional mutations with extended culture and exhibit heightened sensitivity to ATR inhibition compared to
Tet2
knockout cells. Our study reveals that certain patient-derived TET2 mutations can acquire unexpected gain-of-function activities beyond impairing mC oxidation, offering a fresh perspective on the diverse molecular etiology of mutant TET2-related leukemogenesis.
Manufacturing of hydraulically steerable actuator using closed molding and core template for vascular intervention guidewires
Authors: Park Chan Young , Lee Doo Yong
Published: January 2025

Active steering catheters and guidewires for vascular intervention, employing pressure-driven mechanisms, have been studied for their promise of safety, miniaturization capacity, and ease of operation. Manufacturing methods of pressure-driven catheters and guidewires at the microscale is challenging, and suffer from limitations such as low durability, restricted steering shape, cytotoxicity, and applicability. This paper proposes a novel manufacturing method of the hydraulically steerable actuator for micro guidewires utilizing closed molding and a laser-patterned core template. The cylindrical core template composed of stainless steel is employed to ensure biocompatibility and is patterned by femtosecond laser processing with relative errors of up to 15.04%. The proposed method enables a bonding-free manufacturing of the micro actuator which is an eccentric tube with integrated patterns on its inner surface. Trapezoidal patterns are designed to be symmetrically placed in the direction of the eccentricity on the proximal part. The steering shape of the micro actuator is designed by adjusting the geometry of the patterns engraved onto the core template. A steerable actuator of 600 μm diameter with a double bending curvature is manufactured, achieving a maximum bending angle of 132.93 degrees and a steering distance of 9.20 mm. Experiments of selective insertion with the steerable actuator are conducted using the model of cerebral vascular branching, which resembles the human blood flow. The experiment results show that the steerable actuator can navigate through the vascular bifurcations of 4.2 mm and 1.5 mm diameters with branching angles of 112 degrees.
Probing the magnetic ground state of stretched diamond lattices NdTaO4 and NdNbO4: impact of spin–orbit coupling and crystal electric field
Authors: Kumar Jogendra , Solet Vinod Kumar , Ranaut Dheeraj , Pandey Sudhir K , Mukherjee K
Published: January 2025

Magnetic systems, wherein competing degree of freedoms arising from spin orbit coupling and crystal electric field lead to non-trivial magnetic ground states, remains in the forefront of research in condensed matter physics. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation on three-dimensional rare-earth based spin systems NdTaO4 and NdNbO4, where the Nd ions sit on a stretched diamond lattice. No signatures of long-range ordering and spin freezing are observed down to 1.8 K, in both cases. The low temperature Curie–Weiss analysis indicate towards the dominance of antiferromagnetic interactions between Nd spins. A three-level CEF model clearly explain the nature of susceptibility curve. At low temperatures, heat capacity data exhibit two-level Schottky anomaly associated with ground state Kramer’s doublet. Additionally, the low temperature magnetic behaviour is found reliable to effective spin (J
eff) = ½ ground state, suggesting the presence of quantum fluctuations in both cases. First-principle calculations reveal a significant value of orbital moment with inclusion of spin orbit coupling and reinforce the J
eff = ½ nature of the ground state.
Adaptive path and process planning method for multi-layer and multi-pass welding of medium-thick plates with robots
Authors: Zhou Quan , Wu Jigang , Li Shichun , Shan Qinghai , Ge Jimin
Published: January 2025

Large steel structures inherently have errors such as clamping and continuous thermal deformation, which complicate traditional robotic multi-layer multi-pass (MLMP) welding of medium-thick plates to ensure quality, efficiency, and universality. To address these conditions, this paper proposes an adaptive process and path planning method for MLMP welding of V-grooves utilizing line laser displacement sensors. First, dimensions and profile of the groove are obtained, feature points are extracted, and the robotic path and welding process for the root welding are planned based on the V-groove’s feature information. Then, reference process parameters is used for filling and cover welding. After each pass/layer, feature points of the V-groove will be extracted, and the previous pass/layer formation will be analyzed. And then algorithm proposed in this paper will be used to adjust the process and robotic path to ensure that, before cover welding, the average groove depth will remain within a specific range. Finally, MLMP experiments have been conducted on two V-grooves of different sizes. The results indicate that this method effectively fills the groove. Maintain the average remaining depth of the groove between 1 and 2.5 mm before cover welding, meeting the requirements of different sizes of V-grooves. The entire surface and cross-section of the weld seam are free of defects, and the fusion between the weld seam and the sidewall exceeds 1.5 mm, meeting the requirements for industrial use.
A compact conduction cooled flux pump operating below 77 K
Authors: Iftikhar Muhammad H , Ertekin Ercan , Zhang Min , Yuan Weijia
Published: January 2025

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets are widely used in high field applications due to their exceptional current-carrying capabilities. Traditionally, these magnets are powered by high current power supplies via current leads, which complicates insulation between cryogenic and room temperature environments and introduces significant heat leaks. Recent advancements in flux pumps for HTS magnets now allow charging currents in the kA range without the need for traditional power supplies. However, while some research has realized conduction-cooled traveling wave HTS flux pumps, much of the focus for transformer rectifier flux pumps remains on operating them to charge magnets at liquid cryogen temperatures, with limited attention given to the heat load and cooling capabilities of modern dry cryocoolers. This study presents a compact, modular flux pump designed for operation in conduction-cooled environments. It examines the impact of cooling power on the flux pump’s performance in such settings. A lumped element model implemented in PLECS is validated through experiments conducted at 70 K and 30 K, demonstrating consistent results. Based on this validation, we demonstrate the capability to charge an HTS magnet to 300 mT (

≈

800 A) in a conduction-cooled environment using a compact, self-regulating HTS flux pump.
Designing an online BCI forum: insights from researchers and end-users
Authors: Ziebell Philipp , Modde Aurélie , Roland Ellen , Eidel Matthias , Vansteensel Mariska J , Mrachacz-Kersting Natalie , Vaughan Theresa M , Kübler Andrea
Published: January 2025

Objective. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can support non-muscular communication and device control for severely paralyzed people. However, efforts that directly involve potential or actual end-users and address their individual needs are scarce, demonstrating a translational gap. An online BCI forum supported by the BCI Society could initiate and sustainably strengthen interactions between BCI researchers and end-users to bridge this gap. Approach. We interviewed six severely paralyzed individuals and surveyed 121 BCI researchers to capture their opinions and wishes concerning an online BCI forum. Data were analyzed with a mixed-method quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Main results. All end-users and most researchers (83%) reported an interest in participating in an online BCI forum. Rating questions and open comments to identify design aspects included what should be featured most prominently, how people would get engaged in the online BCI forum, and which pitfalls should be considered. Significance. Responses support establishing an online BCI forum to serve as a meaningful resource for the entire BCI community.
The scoping, design, and plasma physics optimization of the Eos neutron source stellarator
Authors: Swanson C.P.S. , Gates D.A. , Kumar S.T.A. , Martin M.F. , Kruger T.G. , Dudt D.W. , Bonofiglo P.J. ,   the Thea Energy team
Published: January 2025

On the path to a fusion pilot plant, Thea Energy plans to build Eos, a sub-breakeven, deuterium-deuterium, beam-target fusion, stellarator neutron source facility for producing tritium and other valuable radioisotopes. In this paper, a set of 1D plasma physics models are coupled and used to design the operating point of the facility and predict performance. At this foundational stage of the design, analytic and approximate models are sufficient to capture the leading-order effects, and fast enough to run in the inner loop of an optimizer. Higher-fidelity analyses will follow. Models of 1D profile-dependent neutral beam stopping, ion beam slowing down, beam-target fusion, electron-ion classical heat transfer, energy confinement (ISS04), beam pressure, beam heating of ions and electrons, beam-beam fusion fraction, and neutral beam injection and gyrotron heating electrical efficiencies are included. A numerical optimizer is used to determine the minimum required facility electric power to generate tritium at a given rate. A potentially advantageous regime is described in which modern precisely-quasisymmetric stellarators, new high-temperature superconductors, ITER-derived neutral beam injection, and new high-frequency gyrotrons enable a suitible target plasma with hot electrons, cold ions, peaked density and temperature profiles, and high beam-injected ion density. It appears possible at this time for a facility with a medium-scale and medium-strength stellarator whose required facility electric power is less than 40 MW to produce

2.5
×

10

17

neutrons s−1 for the production of radioisotopes. With the addition of a tritium breeding blanket, such a facility could produce 0.2 grams d−1 or 70 grams yr−1 of tritium.
Hall MHD simulations of MARFE movements in limiter and divertor configurations
Authors: Zu Yiming , Ma Zhiwei , Zhang Wei , Chen Wenjin , Xu Yuchen , Zhuang Ge
Published: January 2025

MARFE movements in limiter and divertor configurations are studied using impurity Hall MHD code CLT. We simulate the MARFE movement experiment on J-TEXT and validated the simulation by comparing the line-averaged density and line radiation intensity between the simulation and the experiment. It is found that impurity radiation cooling enhances the Hall effect, leading to the MARFE movement. Impurity radiation cooling causes the locally enhanced distribution of the current density. When the enhanced current approaches close to the q = 2 resonant surface, the tearing mode is excited. We also simulated MARFE movement in a lower divertor configuration with the X-point. The results show that the impurity radiation cooling at the X-point generates a clockwise poloidal velocity flow towards the high-field side. This velocity is mainly driven by the impurity radiation cooling while the Hall effect can be ignorable. When the temperature cooling is strong, this poloidal velocity is significant enough to drive MARFE towards the high-field side. Otherwise, MARFE remains located at the X-point.
Unraveling the depth-dependent causal dynamics of methanogenesis and methanotrophy in a high-latitude fen peatland
Authors: Yang Shuai , Tang Jinyun , Li Zhen , Yuan Kunxiaojia , Wu Qiong , Chang Kuang-Yu , Hodgkins Suzanne B , Wilson Rachel M , Zhu Qing , Grant Robert F , Riley William J , Saleska Scott R , Rich Virginia I , Varner Ruth K
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of methane (CH4) cycling in high-latitude peatlands through different pathways of methanogenesis and methanotrophy are still poorly understood due to the spatiotemporal complexity of microbial activities and biogeochemical processes. Additionally, long-term in situ measurements within soil columns are limited and associated with large uncertainties in microbial substrates (e.g. dissolved organic carbon, acetate, hydrogen). To better understand CH4 cycling dynamics, we first applied an advanced biogeochemical model, ecosys, to explicitly simulate methanogenesis, methanotrophy, and CH4 transport in a high-latitude fen (within the Stordalen Mire, northern Sweden). Next, to explore the vertical heterogeneity in CH4 cycling, we applied the PCMCI/PCMCI+ causal detection framework with a bootstrap aggregation method to the modeling results, characterizing causal relationships among regulating factors (e.g. temperature, microbial biomass, soil substrate concentrations) through acetoclastic methanogenesis, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, and methanotrophy, across three depth intervals (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm). Our results indicate that temperature, microbial biomass, and methanogenesis and methanotrophy substrates exhibit significant vertical variations within the soil column. Soil temperature demonstrates strong causal relationships with both biomass and substrate concentrations at the shallower depth (0–10 cm), while these causal relationships decrease significantly at the deeper depth within the two methanogenesis pathways. In contrast, soil substrate concentrations show significantly greater causal relationships with depth, suggesting the substantial influence of substrates on CH4 cycling. CH4 production is found to peak in August, while CH4 oxidation peaks predominantly in October, showing a lag response between production and oxidation. Overall, this research provides important insights into the causal mechanisms modulating CH4 cycling across different depths, which will improve carbon cycling predictions, and guide the future field measurement strategies.
Chiral molecular sensing based on spatially selective coupling between achiral metasurface and chiral molecules
Authors: Han Baojuan , Yang Xiaodong , Gao Jie
Published: January 2025

Detection and identification of chiral molecules are important for pharmaceutical industry, clinical analysis, and food analysis. Here, chiral molecular sensing based on spatially selective coupling between achiral metasurface and chiral molecules is demonstrated. The designed achiral metasurface exhibits strong optical chirality and electric field with dissymmetric distribution, and chiral molecules are selectively placed over the area with large optical chirality to form the coupled metasurface-molecule system with circular dichroism (CD) response for chiral molecular sensing. The CD spectra of the metasurface coupled with pure D-alanine enantiomer, L-alanine enantiomer and their mixtures are examined. The linear relationship between the peak CD value and the enantiomeric excess is demonstrated for the detection and identification of pure enantiomers and their mixtures. Furthermore, the CD response of the coupled system shows potential for the sensing of molar concentration of chiral molecules. Moreover, the effect of spatial location of molecules on the CD response is analyzed to show potential for position sensing of chiral molecules. These results of chiral molecular sensing with achiral metasurface offer new opportunities for advancing biomolecular sensing applications.