bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Flatness Index of Inferior Vena Cava in Early Hypovolemic Shock Concerning Blunt Torso Trauma Patients
Authors: KAVAK Nezih , ERTAN Nurcan , SEKİ Ahmet , ÖZDEMİR Meltem , KAVAK Rasime Pelin
Published: August 2022

AIM: Our aim is to evaluate the role of flatness of index of Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) with early hypovolemic shock in blunt torso trauma patients.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: In the computed tomography (CT) scan, patients with flatness index below 2 were considered as flat IVC patients, and those with 2 or more were considered as non-flattened IVC patients. Demographic data, comorbidities, trauma mechanism, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), lactate level, base excess, shock index (SI), clinical outcomes within 24 hours, and mortality of the flat IVC patients and non-flattened IVC patients were compared.

RESULTS: 116 (30.6%) were found to have a flat IVC and 263 (69.4%) patients were found to have a non-flattened IVC. There was no significant difference between flat IVC patients and non-flattened IVC patients in terms of age, gender, comorbidity, and trauma mechanism (p>0.05). Flat IVC patients had a higher SI of 0.9 and above (p
Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Microbes
Authors: Almazyad Dalal N. F.
Published: August 2022

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation falls between visible light and X-rays (100–400 nm) in the electromagnetic spectrum. UVA, UVB, and UVC are the three sub-regions of the ultraviolet spectrum., with UVC reported most effective against microorganisms. Depending on the microorganism's form, UV has a different effect on microbes, having a greater effect on vegetative cells possessing short contact time, while spore-forming organisms are more resistant to UV. Yeast has also been reported to survive UV radiation better than other organisms. UV light makes microorganisms dormant by forming pyrimidine dimers in RNA and DNA, which prevent replication and transcription. Impact of UV light on microorganisms is dependent on microbial exposure and the environment the organisms exist in. Evaluating the impacts of ultraviolet radiation on different species of microbes can help in the prevention of contamination and spread of infectious organisms. There are limited reviews on the effects of ultraviolet radiation on microbes. This review will therefore analyse the effects of UV on viruses, bacteria and fungi which are the most common types of microbes.
Deciphering the Impact of Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) on the Indian Agricultural System: A Review
Authors: Sonkusale Lakshmi , Sanyal Shravani , Kumar Vivek
Published: August 2022

For the past three years, world is suffering from the Covid-19 pandemic, it has affected not only human beings but almost all the spheres of livelihood. In India, agriculture is one of the significant contributors to the Indian economy and noblest of all profession in the world, which offers the most vital requirement for the existence of humans i.e. ‘food’. More than 70 % of the rural families rely upon agriculture for their livelihood. After analysing research articles related tocovid-19 and their impact on agriculture, a systematic review on impact of covid-19 in Indian Agricultural System (IAS) has been presented in this paper. It includes various domain of agricultural system which has been affected by covid-19 direct or indirect. The aim of this review article is to recognize the impact of the corona virus disease (Covid-19) on the Agricultural System (AS) in India. In this article, we have focused on agricultural production (AP), agricultural marketing (AM) and agricultural consumption (AC).
An Agronomic Evaluation of Promising Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes for Seed and Oil Yields under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Dhale S. V. , Kote G. M. , Bhutada Pritam Omprakash
Published: August 2022

Now a day’s interest of agro-industrial research and development towards oilseed crops as projects has increased in recent years. Private company shows potential interest in Safflower crop mainly due to fatty acid content and variability in the seed oil. The aim of this study was to assess the agronomic performance of 5 new safflower accessions together with safflower variety A-1 & PBNS-12, used as a check, in a rainfed environment. The research was carried out at Research Farm of AICRP on Safflower, VNMKV, Parbhani during rabi season of 2019-20. The experiment included 3 replications with 21 treatments and 63 experimental units, and it included the main plots were assigned to fertilizer levels and sub plots to safflower genotypes. The experimental results revealed that application of fertilizer levels F3 (90:60:00 kg NPK ha-1) and F2 (60:40:00 kg NPK ha-1) recorded significantly higher seed yield, straw yield, biological yield and oil yield than application of fertilizer level F1 (30:20:00 kg NPK ha-1). Among various safflower genotypes, genotype PBNS-12 (G7) recorded highest seed yield however, it was found at par with genotype ANG-17-102 (G5) and SSF-16-02 (G2) and found significantly superior over rest of the genotypes. Interaction effect of fertilizer levels and safflower genotypes in respect of above parameters was not found significant. This study confirms response of safflower for fertilizer applications, offering increase in seed yield, oil yield in rainfed regions.
Factors Influencing the Information Needs and Information Seeking Behaviours of Farmers with Reference to Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Kalita Dipankar , Kumar Das Pabitra
Published: August 2022

The present study was conducted in Nalbari district of Assam, in the year 2021 with a view to study the information needs and information seeking behaviour of farmers. A purposive and random sampling technique was adopted to draw 120 respondents. The 4 villages under the APART project area have been selected for the study. 30 numbers of respondents from each villagers were selected randomly for the study. Data were collected by administering structured schedule. The study was conducted by calculating the coefficient of correlation between information needs and information seeking behaviour of farmers with 16 independent variables. Information need is the primary need to adapt with climate resilient technology for the farming community. Without any information about climate change farmers can’t go for crop cultivation practices. So now a days information need about climate change is an essential criteria to cultivate crops in proper time. It was found that farming experience of farmers had a negative and significant relation with the information need. On the other hand annual income had positive significant relation with information need. Similarly the variable educational level, family type, farm size, management orientation, innovation proneness and economic motivation had shown a positive and highly significant relationship with the information need with reference to climate change adaptation. In the same time farmers’ must have the seeking behaviour to take informations at proper time and through proper way. If the farmers are not interesting to take any information about climate change, they can’t get any informations about farming activities related to climate change adaptation. The findings revealed that farming experience of farmers had a negative and significant relation with the information need. On the other hand annual income had positive significant relation with information need. Similarly the variable educational level, family type, farm size, management orientation, innovation proneness and economic motivation had shown a positive and highly significant relationship with the information need with reference to climate change adaptation. On the other hand institutional linkage, social participation, Innovation proneness and economic motivation of farmers had a positive and highly significant relation with information seeking behaviour. But the training exposure had a positive and significant relationship with the information seeking behaviour.
Recent Developments in the Understanding of Bovine Papillomavirus
Authors: Muglikar Dushyant Madhukarrao , Chavan Jyoti , Tumlam U. M. , Budhe S. , Barate Abijit
Published: August 2022

Papillomaviruses are epitheliotropic, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses. The Papillomaviridae family consists of 5 genera affecting cattle, including Delta papillomavirus, Xi papillomavirus, Epsilon papillomavirus, Dyoxi papillomavirus, and Dyokappa papillomavirus. Among these genera, 24 types of bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) have been reported to date. The BPV genome is almost 8 Kb in size and is organized into three regions: early (E), late (L), and long codon region (LCR), The E region codes for replication proteins (E1, E2, E4) as well as oncoproteins (E5, E6, and E7). The L1 ORF is the most conserved among PVs and for this reason, it is employed in virus classification. The present PV diversity can be explained by multiple evolutionary mechanisms. Virus host-divergence is an important evolutionary force, however this force solely cannot explain the evolution of PVs and their diversity, thus alternative mechanisms such as within-host virus duplication, recombination, viral sorting, or viral adaptation after a host switch, may therefore contribute considerably to explain the PV diversification. This review will provide a quick overview of the genomes and structures of BPV as well as a more detailed description of genotypic diversity.
Documentation of Ethnobotanically Rich, Neglected and Underutilized Wild Edible Species of Kathmandu
Authors: Subedi Yushika , Thapa Ronika
Published: August 2022

On picturization and trend analysis of declining biodiversity status of Kathmandu Valley because of the intensifying globalization and natural resource utilization, it can be concluded that the present need of the valley is biodiversity conservation and importantly their documentation. In such context, biodiversity conservation and their documentation has become essential. In regards to documentation of biodiversity, 110 medicinal plants collected by the researchers themselves from the Ramkot region of Sitapaila located in Kathmandu valley has been recorded and enlisted in this paper. Some of the major medicinal importance along with quality attributes of the plant species have been presented in this paper.
Effect of Guanabenz-Loaded Nanoparticles on the Mortality Rate of Mice Infected with Chronic Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Abdelhamid Elgendy Wesam Moustafa , Yusuf Haggag Yusuf Ahmed , Allah El-Nouby Kholoud Abd , El-Kowrany Samy Ibrahim , El Marhoumy Sirria Mostafa
Published: August 2022

Chronic toxoplasmosis is considered as one of the major neglected tropical diseases. Although there are many treatment modalities for acute toxoplasmosis, there is still insufficient knowledge about a safe effective treatment for chronic toxoplasmosis till now. However, guanabenz has shown a promising result for treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infection although it could not completely eradicate all brain tissue cysts. This study was designed to test the effect of guanabenz-loaded polyethylene glycol poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PEG PLGA) nanoparticles on mortality rate of mice infected with chronic toxoplasmosis. The study was conducted in Tanta University, Medical Parasitology laboratory on 160 mice that were divided as follows: Group I (five subgroups each of 20 mice): Ia: non-infected non-treated, Ib: infected untreated, Ic: non-infected mice given nanoparticles alone, Id: infected mice given nanoparticles alone and Ie: infected mice treated by pyrimethamine (4 mg/kg) and sulfadiazine (100 mg/kg). Group II (three subgroups each of 20 mice): IIa: Infected and treated mice with guanabenz alone (5mg/kg/day), IIb: Infected and treated mice with guanabenz-loaded nanoparticles by full dose and IIc: Infected and treated mice with guanabenz-loaded nanoparticles by the half dose (2.5 mg/kg/day). The drugs were given on day 25 post-infection for 19 successive days. On the 20th day the mortality rate was calculated in different subgroups. The data were processed statistically. The Results showed that although guanabenz-loaded nanoparticles were given by intraperitoneal injection which carries much more infection hazards and stress on the mice, it caused less mortality rate in mice than subgroup Ie which was given pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine combination therapy orally, however this was of no statistically significant difference. It could be concluded that guanabenz-loaded PEG-PLGA nanoparticles cause no increase in the mortality rate of mice infected with chronic toxoplasmosis.
Phage Therapy in Poultry: Alternative Non Antibiotic Strategy
Authors: Reddy M. Vineetha , Gupta Vandana
Published: August 2022

There is a global crisis of antibiotic resistance, which is among the world's most serious health problems. Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) have been implicated in the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria that cause common infections over the past 70 years due to their use in animal agriculture. The use of phage therapy is a promising approach for combating bacterial infections and encouraging healthy poultry growth.In addition to being an excellent vehicle for foodborne pathogens, poultry and poultry meat usually contain millions of bacteria, particularly Campylobacter and Salmonella. There are multiple current strategies for phage therapy, including phage cocktails, enzymes derived from phages, phages combined with antibiotics, phage engineering, the combination of phages and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas). Poultry phages are used for phage therapy, phage biocontrol, and phage biosanitization. As foodborne pathogens increase, biocontrol has the potential to become the most effective way to reduce them in animals as well as in processed foods. Phage biocontrol may decrease the use of antibiotics in poultry production, thus paving the way for the use of an essential part of our health care system that has been forgotten.
Assessment of Physical and Biocheimical Characteristics of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Seeds Grown in Cote D'ivoire
Authors: Anderson Yeo Mohamed , N cho Achi Laurent , Kouakou N’Goran Désiré , Kouakou Tanoh Hilaire , Coulibaly Lacina
Published: August 2022

During this study, different varieties of cotton seeds from various cotton growing areas in Côte d'Ivoire were physically and biochemically characterised. These are the varieties W471B, W448C, X442B and R405-2000 (Korhogo, North), BDL and BULK-SR (Bongouanou, East), W471A and W448C (Katiola, Centre). Physically, these varieties were characterised through 8 parameters: seed index, kernel rate, hull rate, seed moisture, linter rate and healthy, damaged and aborted seed rates. Biochemically, six parameters were measured: Total phenol activity, polyphenoloxidase activity (PPO), phenylalanine activity (PAL), peroxidase activity (POD), protein content and total sugar content were evaluated. Moisture (12.32%), aborted seeds (50%), spoiled seeds (41.63%), hull (44.87%) and linter (1.32%) were higher in the east (Bongouanou). The rates of seed index (09.10%), kernel (66.65%) and healthy seeds (53.66%) and linter (1.32%) are higher in the North (Korhogo). At the biochemical level, the results of our work revealed that for the same seed varieties, when total phenol and POD activity are high, PPO activity is low and vice versa.
Prevalence of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolated in Tertiary Care Hospital in NMC and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Premanadham Nadakuduru , Sri Kala Munilaxmi, , T. Ravi Kumar Avinash
Published: August 2022

The global incidence of carbapenem resistant organisms is on the rise and can be attributed to indiscriminate use of carbapenem to tackle the Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms. Carbapenem resistance is associated with resistance to other group of antibiotics. The spread of resistance from one bug to another is not uncommon. The organism persists in the hospital environment and is identified as cause of hospital-acquired infections. This is not only a major concern in the healthcare setting but is also increasingly being recovered from community settings also. Limited availability of drugs to treat these infections is the biggest concern. Identifying carbapenem resistant organisms and implementing measures to prevent the spread is need of the hour. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in the central laboratory of Microbiology, tertiary care teaching institute of Narayana medical college and Hospital, Nellore, AP, India. All Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered during the six months study period of August 2021 to January2022 were included in the study. The isolates were identified using vitek2. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using vitek2. Results: A total of 592 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were recovered during the study period. The different samples included sputum158, urine 242, blood 56, pus 136. Out of which592 isolates, 126 are resistance (21.28%). The strains isolated includes Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia and other speces (Proteus spp.,, Citrobacter sp, serracia). Escherichia coli (246), Klebsiella pneumoniae (177), other speces 169 (Proteus sp, Citrobacter sp, serratia). Escherichia coli strains 72(29.26%), klebsiella pneumonia strains 30(16.95%) others strains (Proteus spp., Citrobacter sp, serratia) 24(14.20%) are carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Conclusion: The prevalence of Carbapenem resistant isolates is high in our settings. Strict adherence to infection control practices and stringent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship is essential to curb the rate of Carbapenem resistant isolates.
A Study on Surveillance of Surgical Site Infection in Surgical Ward of A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Das Bhaiolina , Das Dipak Kr , Das Partha Pratim , Kataki Monjuri
Published: August 2022

Surgical site infections are the most common hospital acquired infection in both developed and developing countries. In the period from June 2019 to May 2020, 300 patients admitted for surgery were assessed preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively Out of 300 samples collected from post operative cases with symptomatic wound infection, 157(52.3%) samples showed positive culture. Out of 157 isolates 128(81.5%) isolates are gram negative organisms and 26(18.4%) isolates are gram positive organism, among gram negative isolates Klebsiella pneumoniae (32.48%) is the predominant pathogen. In the present study found that Imipenem, Meropenem, Aztreonam, Piperacillin-Tazobectam were the most effective drugs for gram negative bacteria and Linezolid, Vancomycin and Teicoplanin were the most sensitive drugs for gram positive bacteria.
Correlates of Performance of Woman Self Help Groups in Chandrapur District
Authors: N. M. Kale A. B. Karmenge , S. N. Gajghate Y. B. Shambharkar , Jangwad N. P.
Published: August 2022

The present study on “Performance of woman Self Help Groups in Chandrapur District” was conducted in Chandrapur districts of Maharashtra State. The exploratory research design was used for the study. In all, 120 womans SHG members were selected by random sampling method. The data were collected by personal interview method with the help of structured interview schedule. The data collected were examined, classified, quantified and tabulated. Frequencies, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of correlation were employed for interpreting the results. The majority 60.00 per cent of the respondents were observed in medium level of performance category, followed by 22.50 per cent of the respondents had high level and 17.50 per cent were observed under low level of performance group. Hence this study implied that all the line/developmental departments have great scope for improving the performance of the SHGs in Chandrapur district by organising various interventions. The results regarding correlation, it was observed that, the characteristics of the respondent’s viz. age, education, mass media exposure, extension participation, social participation, management orientation and achievement motivation had significant relationship with performance of self- help groups. Hence all these indicators should have to be considered for improving the performance of the women SHGs in selected district.
Profile and Problems faced by Woman Self Help Groups in Chandrapur District
Authors: A. B. Karmenge N. M. Kale , S. N. Gajghate Y. B. Shambharkar , Jangwad N. P.
Published: August 2022

The present study on “Profile and problems faced by the women Self Help Groups in Chandrapur District” was conducted in Chandrapur districts of Maharashtra State. The exploratory research design was used for the study. In all, 120 womans SHG members were selected by random sampling method. The data were collected by personal interview method with the help of structured interview schedule. The data collected were examined, classified, quantified and tabulated. Frequencies, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of correlation were employed for interpreting the results. This study concluded that majority (47.50%) of SHG woman members belonged to middle age group, one third of the respondents i.e. 36.67 per cent were illiterate, higher percentage of the respondents i.e. 85.00 per cent were married, 63.33 per cent of the respondents were having medium level of family size. Majority of the respondents (77.50%) possessed annual income Rs. 45,001 to Rs 90,000. While considering the overall mass media exposure, extension participation, social participation, management orientation and achievement motivation majority of the respondents were observed in medium category. Restrictions from family members for active involvement in SHGs activities was the major problem faced by the women member of SHGs.
Involvement of Rural Children in Recreational Play Activities and their views about it
Authors: Bangale Jaya , Devkate Surekha
Published: August 2022

One hundred and fifty rural children (76 female and 74 Male) in the age range of 9 – 12 yrs were chosen at random from 5 villages of Parbhani District (MS) for studying involvement of rural children in recreational play activities and their views about it. The data related to the study were collected by personally interviewing of rural children based on structured and open ended interview schedule. It is obvious from the results that irrespective of gender higher percentage (54-86%) of rural children were observed to be involved in various outdoor play such as Lagori (86.66%) followed by Hide and Seek (85.33%),Chain game (84.00%), Running (83.33%), Kho-kho (80.66%), Chor Shipai (75.33%), Rassi khech (74.00%), Langadi (62), Kabbadi (68.66%), Blind fold (54.00%) for recreation purpose. Further it was observed that sample rural children sometimes used to play indoor play such as Stone games/ Sagargote (60.65%), Five corners (57.89%), Chimani udali bhoor (54.61%) and Bhatukali (47.72%) for recreation purpose. It was recorded that girls are getting less leisure time as compare to boys to involve in recreational activities. With regard to the benefits of involving in recreational activities, all the rural school going children expressed that they experienced sense of joy followed by having improvement in their health status(93.33%), enhanced physical fitness (88.66%), raised status in friends circle (83.33%), improved communication skills (79.33%). children expressed that their involvement in various recreational activities is sometimes become a cause for their parental aggression due to their participation in recreational play activities.
Determination of PAHs by GC-Mass in Sediment Mudflat in Iraq
Authors: M. S. Salah Z. J. Musa , Zahra Alshawi Hassan Abdul
Published: August 2022

The mudflat area in the southern Iraq is untapped and there are few studies about it, this study attempts to determine the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the region, addition to determine their sources and assess the quality of pollution by PPI. Total (PAHs) ranged between (89.8-21.9) µg/g dw with mean value (44.62) µg/g dw, among 16 (PAHs) there are 10 of these compounds are dominant in all station as fallow: Benzo(B) the concentration ranged between (14.46-4.743) µg/g dw, Benzo [G,H,I] was (12.5-ND), Benzo[A]Pyrene(7.88-ND),Chrysene (7.85-ND), Fluoranthen (7.31-1.15) µg/g dw, Benzo[A]anthrac (6.14-ND)µg/g dw, Fluorene (2.38-ND) µg/g dw, Indeno(1,2,3 Ca (6.28-1.98) µg/g dw, Pyrene (1.23-ND) µg/g respectively, according to PPI index (PAHs) was between (89.8-21.98)µg/g dw, very high polluted area by (PAHs). The ratio of Ant/(Ant+Phe) show the contamination from Petrogenic origin in station (1) about (1.00-.275), while the ratio BaA/ (BaA + Chry) recorded the pyrogenic origin in station (1,2,4), A ratio of Fla/ (Fla + - Pyr) shows the station (1, 4) petroleum origin on the other hand the station (2,3) derived from coal combustion, finally grain size shows the environmental position of the area and the deposition conditions. In the current study, clay particles are prevalent, ranging from% (15-30) to about% (43- 2). Because of the weak alkalinity impact of marine water, TOC recorded a level of % (1.27) near the river station and the lowest value was (6.76) % at the second station. Sewage remains the chief source of TOC in environment.
An Overview of Nutritional and Economic Importance of Golden Rice: Past and Future Prospects
Authors: Kumari Pallavi , Sah Sajal , suba Senti , Bhadana Deepa , tha Nish
Published: August 2022

The Golden Rice Project was established to combat vitamin A deficiency worldwide. Rice, as we all know, is a major grain crop grown all over the world. Beta-carotene and vitamin A are not found in white rice. Rice-eating countries have a higher rate of vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency has been linked to death in low-income countries in the past. Vitamin A deficiency can contribute to disorders such as night blindness, which can progress to blindness, eye and skin dryness, and maternal mortality. Vitamin A insufficiency affects around 250 million children, according to the World Health Organization. It includes beta-carotene, which is responsible for the golden yellow colour of the grain. Two daffodil genes and one bacterium gene were employed.
To Study the Different Type of Healing Chambers and Stages for Acclimatization in Chilli Grafts-A Review
Authors: L. K. Gabhale M. C. Bhoite , Uttekar V. S.
Published: August 2022

The literature on “To study the different type of healing chambers and stages for acclimatization in Chilli grafts” has been well documented in this article, efforts have been made to review the literature available on Humidity (%), Light intensity (Lux), Temprature (ºC) Number of days required for graft union, survival rate of grafts, girth at graft union, girth of rootstock and girth of scion, number of days required for development of new leaves and number of leaves.
Isolation and Abundance of Different Culturable Microbes from Mangrove Environments in Coastal Areas of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sohaib Muhammad , Al-Barakah Fahad N. I. , M. Migdadi Hussein , Alyousif Mazen
Published: August 2022

Mangrove are native to unique stressful habitat and mangrove-associated microbes may be one of the reasons behind the survival of this plant in this habitat. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the microbial diversity from the unstudied mangrove ecosystem because exploration of microbial associates of mangroves may help full to screen such potential specialized microbial strains that are as unique as their habitat. Samples of 8 different locations along the Arabian Gulf and the Red Sea were collected for enumeration and isolation of microbes based on different general and selective agar mediums. The results revealed that the maximum colony counts of total (1.01 × 107 CFU mean /g dry soil), fungi (1.18 × 104 CFU mean /g dry soil), and actinomycetes (5.93 × 104 CFU mean /g dry soil) were observed in L1 (MRS soil), L44 (MRS soil), and L3 (MRS soil) respectively. While minimum colony counts of total (5.32 × 104 CFU mean/g dry soil), fungi (2.59 × 102 CFU mean/g dry soil) and actinomycetes (2.61 × 10 CFU mean/g dry soil) were observed in L47 (MS soil), L3 (MS soil), and L4 (MS soil) respectively. L3 (MRS soil), L2 (MRS soil and MS soil), L1 (MRS soil), L44 (MRS soil), and L5 (NMRS soil and NMS soil) showed the growth of all studied groups of microbes other than sulfur oxidizers, while water samples, L3 (MSW water), L2 (MSW water), L47 (MSW water), L4 (MSW water), and L1 (MSW water) showed growth of limited groups as compared to soil samples.
Study on Formulation Development and Quality Evaluation of Muffins Incorporated with Ragi
Authors: Kelapure N. N. , Nirve Mayuri Madhukarrao
Published: August 2022

Finger Millets (Ragi) is a gluten-free food, commonly used like porridge. Ragi being rich in minerals, dietary fiber and being the richest source of calcium it can be formulated in muffin. Therefore enhancing the nutritious value of the muffin. The present study is based on the formulation, development, and quality evaluation of ragi muffins. So, four different samples were taken for recipe standardization and the ratios are made with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% refined flour replacement with ragi flour. Finally prepared muffin were analyzed for physical properties, chemical properties and sensory attributes.
Geoinformatics: An Emerging Approach for Sustainable Crop Production and Precision Farming
Authors: Saha Sajal , suba Senti , Bhadana Deepa , Arya Rinkey , Rahman M. Abdul , Bihari Chhail , Singh Rajan
Published: August 2022

India's plant biodiversity is diverse and abundant, embracing a wide range of habitats. The Indian subcontinent is one of the world's eight origin centres and one of the world's twelve mega diversity centres. Agriculture in India is primarily concerned with output, which does not always equate to productivity and profitability. In agriculture, shrinking land, dwindling water, and other related resources are important concerns. As a result, in order to accomplish vertical expansion in agriculture while conserving natural resources, farmer-friendly location-specific production strategies must be promoted. Precision farming strives to make optimal use of resources per unit of time and area in order to achieve targeted agricultural produce production. Geoinformatics is concerned with the application of computer science and geosciences to the solution of complicated scientific problems. It is the science of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, disseminating, and utilizing geographic data. In the handling of big and complex PGR datasets, a Geographical Information System (GIS) can be quite useful. Inventories/mapping, exploration/collection, conservation, and crop extension strategies are some of the primary areas where GIS is used.
Phytochemical Screening of Punica granatum Peels Powder and Hemato-Biochemical Assessment of Induced E. coli Infection in Kaveri Birds Treated with Punica granatum Peels Powder and Antibiotic (Doxcycline + Neomycin)
Authors: Chavan Rakesh Sambhaji , Gangane G. R. , Moregaonkar S. D. , Kondre B. M. , Khose K. , Suryawanshi P. R.
Published: August 2022

The present experimental trial was conducted to assess the effect of Punica granatum peel powder (PPP) and antibiotic (Doxycycline + Neomycin) against induced E.coli infection in Kaveri birds. 120 day old Kaveri birds were randomly divided into 6 groups (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5). The Kaveri birds in Group-T0 were kept as healthy control. At the age of 8th day, Group-T1 birds were given oral dose of E. coli broth containing 0.3-0.5ml (1x109CFU/ml), Group-T2 were given broth of E. coli @ 0.3-0.5ml and PPP @ 1% of feed daily for 29 days, Group-T3 were given broth of E. coli @ 0.3-0.5ml and antibiotic @ 1gm/10 kg B.W through drinking water for 7 days. Group-T4 were given broth of E. coli @ 0.3-0.5ml and antibiotic @ 1gm/10kg B.W for 7 days through water and PPP @ 1% of feed for 7 days while, Group-T5 were given PPP @ 1% of feed daily. At day 0, 7th, 14th and 28th day intervals, haematobiochemical parameters were recorded at weekly intervals. The E.coli infected Kaveri birds showed significant alterations in haematobiochemical parameter at 7th and 14th day post infection intervals of trial. The treatment of PPP through feed against induced E.coli infection given in Kaveri birds played partial protective role. The antibiotic (Doxycycline + Neomycin) treatment found to be efficacious against induced E.coli infection at 7th and 14th post infection interval. The combination of antibiotic through water with PPP through feed had significant efficacious role than individual treatment at 7th and 14th post infection interval.
Prevalence of Escherichia coli in Raw Cow’s Milk in Cuddalore District
Authors: Beher Subham Prasad , Dayalan Sangeetha , Jayakumar Tharani , Rajendran Ishwarya
Published: August 2022

Milk is considered a complete and nutritious food for the new-born mammal and human beings, but it is considered as a good medium for many microorganisms. The consumption of raw milk and its products, which lead to the transmission of various diseases. The ability of raw milk to support the growth of several pathogenic microorganisms that can lead to spoilage of the product and infections in consumers. In the present investigation a survey was undertaken to collect raw milk samples from Local Vendorsin cuddalore district. Based on the Morphological and Biochemical characterization presence of E.coli were confirmed. Out of Twelve milk sample tested, the sample 2 sample 4, sample 7 and sample 9 exhibit the presence of E.coli. So it is observed raw milk attributed from different dairy farm is enabling cross contamination resembling growth of various microbial organism by different ways such as they are mixed fresh clean milk with mastitis milk, unclean hands of workers, unclean utensils and unhygienic water supply for washing the utensils could be the source for accelerating the bacterial contamination.
Bacterial Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial and antilarvicidal Efficacy
Authors: Saritha S. , Prabha V. B.
Published: August 2022

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been known for their inhibitory and bactericidal effects in the past decades. Silver Nanoparticles were synthesized by an eco-friendly biogenic approach mediated by using the bacterial culture (SP3). The antibacterial activity of the biogenic Ag nanoparticles was carried out by the conventional Kirby-Bauer well diffusion method against the selected Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Vibrio vulnificus) bacterial strains. Silver nanoparticles exhibited maximum antagonistic activity on Vibrio vulnificus (14 mm) and Bacillus cereus (13 mm). The MIC of Ag NPs against Bacillus cereus and Vibrio vulnificus was found to be 200 µg/ml. Larvicidal activity gradually increased with the increase in the concentration of nanoparticles, exhibiting a maximum level (88.33 %) in the presence of 100 µg/ml of Ag NPs.
Evaluation of Macro and Micro Nutrients Status in Selected Villages of Raver Tahsil, Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Bhavsar Monika , Deshmukh Mayuri , Naphade Monika , Shinde Rajshri , Gedam Mrunal , Chaudhary R. D.
Published: August 2022

This study on soil fertility status and to assess the nutrient indices of associated soils of selected villages in the Jalgaon district of Maharashtra was conducted during 2018-19. The villages under study were, Savda, Nimbol and Vitve, Raver tahsil, Jalgaon district, Maharashtra. A total of 150 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected, which includes 50 samples from each village. The soils were neutral to slightly alkaline in reaction with no salinity hazards. Low to High in organic carbon (0.15 to 0.93 %), very low in available nitrogen (37.63-263.4 kg ha-1), medium to high in phosphorus (16.0 to 35.8 kg ha-1), medium to high in potassium (201.0 to 392.0 kg ha-1) and low to medium in sulphur (3.19. to 12.0 mg kg-1). The soils is low in DTPA-extractable iron (0.17 to 0.99 mg kg-1), low to high in copper (0.10 to 2.95 mg kg-1), low to medium manganese (1.03 to 4.51 mg kg-1), low to high in zinc (0.1 to 0.92 mg kg-1), low in boron (0.11 to 1.22 mg kg-1) as per three-tier system of nutrient index given by Ramamoorthy and Bajaj (1969).
Precision Dairy Farming: The New Era in Dairy Farming
Authors: Vaghamashi G. , Sabapara G. P. , Garg D. D. , Savsani H. H. , Chavda M. R. , Chavda A. , Ribadiya N. K. , Karangiya V. K. , Makwana R. B.
Published: August 2022

India has world’s largest livestock population and 1st rank in milk production with 187 million tons in 2018-19. Dairy farming is the single largest contributors to Indian GDP with 5.1 % in 2018-19 and annual growth rate in Livestock sector is 4.6%. Indian dairy production is characterized as a low input/low output system. In general, milk productivity of dairy animals is very low in comparison to global standards. The lower milk yield is mainly due to low genetic potential, lack of nutritional feeds and inadequate veterinary services. So, with suitable and scientific approach production efficiency can raise. In this context, Precision dairy farming (PDF) aims to improve individual animal performance, well being and socio-economic status of dairy farmer. Today, traditional dairy farming becomes organized commercial business with technological specializations in every part of the process. Thus, farmers are shifting towards adopting modern dairy farming practices for increase their production. PDF is the use of information and technology based farm management system to record physiological, behavioral and production parameters of individual animals to improve management strategies, profitability and production performance. There are so many important precision dairy farming technologies available globally, which are routinely useful for large and commercial dairy farm. In this direction, the authors have also highlighted the status of adoption in Indian scenario, benefits, challenges and limitations of precision dairy farming technologies. Many developing countries including India are in initial stage in these advance technology, but there are tremendous opportunities for betterment of animal and upliftment of animal husbandry profession.
Influence of Different Doses of Nutrients on Fruit Quality of Khasi Mandarin Grown Under Mid Hills of Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Chaturvedi Abhimanyu
Published: August 2022

Arunachal Pradesh having 4th rank in area but far below in productivity concern of Khasi mandarin orange in the India. The supply of Nutrient management is the serious problem in the major problem. To keeping facts an experiment was conducted in 2016 in Tirap district to study the influence of different doses of nutrients on fruit quality parameters of mandarin orange. In total seven treatments, the T4 (Integrated nutrient) reported greater fruit diameter: 5.12 cm, fruit weight: 81.66 g, total soluble solid: 14.24 brix % and lower titratable acidity: 0.846%. Meanwhile the T7 reported maximum peel percentage (25.87%). These results shown that integrated nutrient management system governs the quality of fresh mandarin orange.
Qualitative Analysis of Strawberry Varieties in Sub Tropical Climatic Condition of Assam
Authors: Malakar Tilak , Hazarika D. N. , Langthasa S. , Goswami R. K. Goswami , Kalita M. K. , Kalita D.
Published: August 2022

An experiment was carried out in the Instructional cum Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Biswanath College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Biswanath Chariali, Assam during 2015-16 to analyse the qualitative characters of strawberry varieties in subtropical climatic condition of Assam. Five varieties namely, Cristal (V1), Subarina (V2), Sweet Charlie (V3), Winter Dawn (V4) and Eliyana (V5) were selected and planted in three cultivation situations i.e. open condition (S1), poly house (S2) and in net house (S3). Altogether 15 treatment combinations were laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. Total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, total sugars, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, ascorbic acid content and anthocyanin content were selected as qualitative characters of strawberry in the experiment. The data revealed that the qualitative characters of fruits in terms of total soluble solids (8.13°Brix), total sugars (6.60%), reducing sugars (3.29%), non-reducing sugars (3.31%) and anthocyanin content (20.01 mg/100g) were significantly higher in strawberry variety Subarina as compared to other varieties. The variety “Subarina” performed well in all the environmental conditions as compared to the other varieties. Titratable acidity of fruits ranged from 0.53 to 0.68 percent among all the treatment combinations and no significant differences were found among the varieties, cultivation situations or their interaction. The ascorbic acid content was significantly higher in Cristal (32.19 mg/100 g) followed by Subarina (31.18 %). The results of the study revealed that the performance in terms of qualitative characters of fruits were superior in Subarina as compared to other four varieties. The variety “Subarina” performed well in terms of quality in all the cultivation situations as compared to other four varieties selected under the study.
Effect of Foliar Application of Organic Nutrition on the Growth and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Prakash Sivaganesan , Raman Rajamani , Krishnamoorthy R. , Balaji Elumalai
Published: August 2022

The field experiment was carried out during Rabi season in 2020, in a farmer’s field in Periya Muliyanur village, Anthiyur taluk, Erode district, Tamil Nadu to enhance the productivity of groundnut through foliar application with organic nutrition. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with tree replication with nine treatments viz.,T1 – RDF + Panchagavya - 2 %, T2 – 75 % RDF + Panchagavya - 4 %, T3 – RDF + Vermiwash - 2 %, T4– 75 % RDF + Vermiwash - 4 %, T5 – RDF + Cow dung spray - 10 %, T6 – RDF + Humic acid – 4 %, T7 – RDF + Pulse Wonder – 2 %, T8 – RDF+ Homobrassinolide – 0.12 g a.i. h-1, T9 – RDF alone. Among the different foliar nutrition tried out, the number of component leaves (42.87), dry matter production (5964 kg/ha), Leaf area index (4.32), Peg to pod percentage (66.34 %), Shelling percentage (71.63 %), pod yield (2396 kg/ha), haulm yield (3620 kg/ha),oil yield (837.75 kg) and oil content (48.82 %) were recorded at application of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) combined with foliar application of humic acid (0.4 percent ).
Inhibition of Quorum Sensing Genes Involved in Biofilm Formation and Other Virulence Factors is a Promising Approach in Combating the Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Sonbol Fatma Ibrahim , El-Banna Tarek El-Said , Ghazy Aya Mosilhy , Al-Madboly Lamiaa A.
Published: August 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing severe life threatening diseases and continues to be an important cause of nosocomial infections. Virulence mechanisms of Ps. aeruginosa, which causes various types of infections are regulated by quorum sensing. Due to emergence spreading of antimicrobial resistance nowadays. Many researches are focused on the use of compounds targeting Qs that are considered to be a new treatment approach for blocking communication between bacteria and reducing virulence, resulted in improving infection control. In this study, some weak acids including lactic, ascorbic, citric and benzoic acids were selected to evaluate their antimicrobial and antivirulence activities at sub-MICs values on our tested isolates. Our results revealed that both lactic and ascorbic acids affected most tested virulence factors. Specifically, lactic acid showed highly significant effect (P-value < 0.001) on virulence factors of Ps. aeruginosa than ascorbic acid. The effect of lactic acid on the level of expression of quorum sensing encoding genes (lasI, lasR, rhII and rhIR) of two selected Ps. aeruginosa isolates was evaluated using RT-PCR. Interestingly, lactic acid was shown to down-regulate expression of genes involved in the control of pseudomonas QS and the decline expression values reached up to 89% in both tested isolates.
Enhanced Production of Fibrinolytic Enzyme by Bacillus sp. Isolated from Vietnamese Traditional Fermented Soybean (Tuong ban) using Ultraviolet Irradiation and Chemical Mutation
Authors: Thanh Bui Thi , Hang Dam Thuy , Anh Pham Tuan , Huong Nguyen Lan
Published: August 2022

Forty-eight out of sixty-eight bacterial strains isolated from traditional fermented soybean samples (Tuong Ban) showed moderate to high fibrinolytic enzyme activity. Bacillus sp. HY6 had the highest fibrinolytic enzyme activity of 80.4 ± 1.2 FU/mL. The strain was selected for improving fibrinolytic activity via UV irradiation and chemically induced mutagenesis using Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) and Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS). After UV-irradiation, the HY6-derived mutant, designated as strain U5_90.5, exhibited the highest fibrinolytic enzyme activity of 127 ± 5 FU/mL, about 1.6 times higher than that of the wild type HY6 strain. Strain U5_90.5 after UV mutation was subsequently subject to chemically induced mutation by EtBr and EMS. This double mutation resulted in strain ES4 which has the highest fibrinolytic enzyme activity of 404 ± 4 FU/mL. The enzyme production capability of the strain was stable after 10 generations which renders the strain a potential fibrinolytic enzyme producing strain for commercial applications. This result indicated that the Bacillus sp. ES4 could be a potential commercialized fibrinolytic enzyme producing bacterium.
A Study on Factors Affecting Marketed and Marketable Surplus of Major Food Grains of Nadia District of West Bengal
Authors: Mondal Mridul , Chakraborty A. Jha , Bera B. K.
Published: August 2022

Surplus quantities of farm can stimulate the development of both farm and non-farm sector, which ultimately helps in boosting the economy. Major foodgrain crops like rice, lentil and gram grow extensively in Nadia district of West Bengal. Study on socio-economic status of sample farmers are extensively covered in nadia district. This study reveals that 51 percent of farmer comes under age group of 31 to 50 years, In case of literacy 30 percent of farmer comes under class 10 to 12 years of schooling and sample farmers accounting 72% of the total have family size ranging 3-5 persons. Socio economic study also shows that total operational holding is highest for marginal farmers accounting 88.83 hectare but average size holding is highest for large farmers accounting 2.32 hectare. Study on marketed and marketable surplus in case of rice and lentil depicts that gross marketed surplus is highest for marginal farmers, whereas marketable surplus is highest for large farmers for both of these crop. But for gram both gross marketed surplus and marketable surplus is highest for large farmers. Study on the factors responsible for marketed surplus of foodgrain crop demonstrates that price impact is not prominent in rice and lentil except in case of gram.
Phosphorus Requirement of Timely Sown Irrigated Wheat
Authors: Kurmvanshi M. , Maurya B. M. , Tiwari R. K. , Suryawanshi Ashok
Published: August 2022

The Experiment on phosphorus requirement of timely sown irrigated wheat was conducted during 2020-21 under All India coordinated research project on farming system Kuthulia Farm, College of agriculture, JNKVV, Rewa (M.P).. The study reveals that wheat variety GW 322 gave higher yield, gross returns, net return and B.C. ratio as compared to wheat variety JW 3382. Application of 60 kg, P2O5 /ha gave maximum B:C ration 3.05 under timely sown irrigated wheat. The phosphorus requirement was 58.50 kg P2O5/ha for maximum yield 51.05 q./ha @ 27.8 kg grain/ kg P2O5, while opti-mum dose of Phosphorus was 43.8 kg P2O5 /ha for timely sown irrigated wheat.