bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection and false‐positive rates of maternal serum markers for Down syndrome screening according to maternal age in women over 35 years of age. A study of the agreement of eight dedicated software packages
Authors: Muller Françoise , Thalabard Jean‐Christophe , Ngo Sandrine , Dommergues Marc
Published: June 2004

Maternal serum markers for trisomy 21 screening (MSS) can be assayed in women ≥35 years in an attempt to reduce the need for invasive procedures and thereby avoid their side effects. Our objective was to compare, in women ≥35, eight different software packages dedicated to second trimester MSS, thus providing reliable data for patient counselling. A simulation study was carried out on 189 sera from women with Down syndrome fetuses and 11 962 sera from mothers of unaffected babies. The first step was to estimate the joint distribution of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) and free beta‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG). The second step was to calculate trisomy 21 detection and false‐positive rates for each software according to maternal age (35–45 years), using the usual 1:250 risk threshold. Agreement between software packages was measured using 2×2 kappa coefficients. Detection rates and false‐positive rates increased with maternal age. Depending on the software, 57–71% detection rates were achieved at 35 years with 12–18% false‐positive rates. At 45 years, 61–100% detection rates were achieved with 66–95% false‐positive rates. Up to 39 years, all softwares were concordant (kappa coefficients >0.75). In the range 35–45 years, false‐positive and detection rates increased substantially with maternal age and differences between software packages are observed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interrupted aortic arch type A with 22q11 deletion: prenatal detection of an unusual association
Authors: Volpe P. , Gentile M. , Marasini M.
Published: June 2004

Interrupted aortic arch is a rare, severe congenital heart defect subdivided into three types, A, B and C, according to the site of interruption. Type C is by far the least common form of interrupted aortic arch (less than 5% of cases), type A is commonly an isolated defect whereas type B is frequently associated with 22q11 deletion. Differentiation of interrupted aortic arch type A from type B by prenatal echocardiography is possible but difficult; it needs to be done on the basis of observation of reliable morphological indicators which point to the correct diagnosis. Here we report the first case of prenatal diagnosis of interrupted aortic arch type A associated with 22q11 deletion. The significance of this association is not yet clear, since 22q11 genes mainly affect embryonic cardiovascular morphogenesis of those regions whose development is critically dependent on neural crest cell migration and function, affected in type B defect but not in type A. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting outcomes of prenatally‐diagnosed tumours
Authors: Chan K. L. , Tang M. H. Y. , Tse H. Y. , Tang R. Y. K. , W Lam H. S. , Lee C. P. , Tam P. K. H.
Published: June 2004

Objective

The outcomes of prenatally‐diagnosed tumours affect obstetrical management and parental decisions. The present study reviews the factors affecting outcomes for fetuses with prenatally‐diagnosed tumours.

Methods

Medical records of all fetuses referred to our institutions with antenatally‐diagnosed tumours were reviewed for the type and location of the tumours, results of treatment and/or causes of death.

Results

From January 1994 to May 2001, there were 15 fetuses with antenatally‐ diagnosed tumours: mesoblastic nephroma (MN) (n=2); neuroblastoma (NB) (n=2); cystic hygroma (CH) (n=3); intracranial germ cell tumour (IGCT) (n=2); sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) (n=3) and haemangioma (liver, n=2; limb, n=1). One mother had termination of pregnancy for her fetal SCT. Three mothers had Caesarean section for large fetal heads (CH, n=2; IGCT, n=1). Three fetuses died; two with IGCT and one with SCT, who died of heart failure. Two newborns with CH needed emergency intubation and, later, one of them had tracheostomy. One baby had cardiac failure resulting from a lower limb haemangioma and needed drug therapy. All solid tumours (MN, NB, SCT) of the live births had no recurrence after surgery with or without adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Prenatally‐diagnosed tumours without any other associated abnormality cause morbidity and mortality because of their location and vascularity. Solid tumours are relatively benign. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency: mutation analysis and DNA‐based prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Johnson J. L. , Rajagopalan K. V. , Renier W. O. , Van der Burgt I. , Ruitenbeek W.
Published: June 2004

Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive, neurological disorder resulting from a defect in SUOX, the gene encoding the enzyme that catalyzes the terminal reaction in the sulfur amino acid degradation pathway. In its classical, severe form, sulfite oxidase deficiency leads to intractable seizures, severe and progressive brain pathology and death at an early age. We report here on clinical features and mutational analysis of the genetic defect in a newborn with sulfite oxidase deficiency. Cultured fibroblasts from this patient exhibited no detectable sulfite oxidase activity, and a unique four base pair deletion was present in the cDNA isolated from the same source. Identification of the same genetic defect in a heterozygous state in each of the parents and the monitoring of subsequent pregnancies in this family by DNA‐based prenatal diagnosis are also described. The deletion mutation was identified in a homozygous state in uncultured chorionic villus tissue from the second pregnancy that was subsequently terminated. In the third pregnancy, the presence of sulfite oxidase activity and identification of the mutation in a heterozygous state suggested that the fetus was not affected. This pregnancy resulted in the birth of a normal child. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptual metaphor and the discourse of philanthropy
Authors: McCagg Peter
Published: June 2004

The careful use of metaphors is not new to fundraising discourse. This chapter shows the function and assumptions underlying common metaphors in fundraising discourse.
A difference that makes a difference
Authors: Getzendanner Joel D.
Published: June 2004

The rapidly changing technological landscape is just one element of a much deeper set of societal changes. The institutional roles and relationships that make up the nonprofit sector will need to change dramatically if it is to thrive in the new century.
Communication, acknowledgment, and the morality of cyberspace
Authors: Hyde Michael J. , Mitra Ananda
Published: June 2004

This essay deals with four related topics: ethics, the human face, computer communication, and the public sphere of cyberspace. Relating these topics allows us to explore the existential character of this “virtual” dwelling place (ethos). Much is made of how the “face work” that goes on in cyberspace defines an effort in rhetorical eloquence.
The effects of technological advances on the ethics of gathering information in support of fundraising
Authors: Pulawski Christina A.
Published: June 2004

Advances in gathering information are not to be solely considered when assessing the effects of technology on information; technological advances have also created an ease of disseminating information and, with it, an increased potential for indiscretion and erroneous disclosure of private or proprietary facts.
Philanthropy and the digital revolution
Authors: Smith Craig
Published: June 2004

The Internet expresses the principle of openness on which philanthropy is based. By creating initiatives that leverage the Internet, nonprofits can reinvent themselves as prime movers for solutions to intractable social problems such as world poverty.
Not‐for‐profits into the breach: Between public trust and public policy
Authors: Fleishman Joel L.
Published: June 2004

The classic form of trust, according to the author, is found in the relationship between the public and not‐for‐profit organizations. When entrusted by donors with monies to be used for community benefit, not‐for‐profit organizations serve as trustees for the public.
Preparation before proposal writing
Authors: Martin Patricia
Published: June 2004

Most of the work of proposal development takes place before writing begins. Successful proposals are anchored in institutional priorities and are tailored to the prospective funding organization.
The material horizons of philanthropy: New directions for money and motives
Authors: Schervish Paul G.
Published: June 2004

Those concerned with advancing charitable giving can feel confident about the emerging financial and social‐psychological factors that are setting new supply‐side directions in giving.
The spiritual horizons of philanthropy: New directions for money and motives
Authors: Schervish Paul G.
Published: June 2004

The spiritual dimension of the supply‐side analysis of philanthropy is discussed, along with the implications for tax policy and fundraising that derive from the analysis.
Financial and psychological determinants of donors' capacity to give
Authors: Murphy Thomas B.
Published: June 2004

Wealth holders' circumstances differ widely. The primary criterion for decisions about philanthropic giving is neither wealth nor income, because neither recognizes the prior needs of the resource owner that must be satisfied.
Retirement plan gifts and the proposed regulations on required minimum distributions
Authors: Hodges Leo C.
Published: June 2004

New proposed regulations from the Internal Revenue Service will have a major and beneficial effect on the use of retirement plan assets for philanthropic purposes.
Where are all the planned giving experts going to come from?
Authors: Farr Lona M.
Published: June 2004

The skills required to be successful in planned giving include many that are found in people who have been successful in other fields. A person who has a deep interest in the mission of the institution, reasonable intelligence, and at least a bachelor's degree can learn what is needed to be a successful planned giving officer.
The state of evaluation tools and systems for nonprofit organizations
Authors: Murray Vic
Published: June 2004

The perfect evaluation system that will clearly and objectively reveal how well your nonprofit organization is performing may never be found. But here is a review of three approaches to evaluation that show promise.
Accountability, organizational capacity, and continuous improvement: Findings from Minnesota's nonprofit sector
Authors: Bies Angela L.
Published: June 2004

Internal and external forms of nonprofit self‐regulation are explored using evaluation results from Minnesota, a state associated with innovation in nonprofit accountability initiatives.
Fundraising on the Web: Opportunity or hype?
Authors: Sargeant Adrian
Published: June 2004

U.S. nonprofits are attracting returns on their investment in Internet fundraising. The author explores the characteristics of effective Internet sites.
Fundraising mores in diverse communities: The role of ethnicity and culture
Authors: Tokumura S. Sanae
Published: June 2004

Donor research must include the cultural collateral of prospective philanthropists. This chapter uses examples from Hawaii, the first “majority minority” state.
Speaking to a higher authority: Teaching philanthropy in religious settings
Authors: Bentley Richard J.
Published: June 2004

Religion is a major influence in the American philanthropy sector. Faith‐based schools, congregations, and youth‐serving groups play an important role in transmitting philanthropic traditions to children and youth.
Developing habits of giving and serving: The heart of the youth‐serving organization
Authors: Wakefield Janet R.
Published: June 2004

Youth‐serving organizations hold the key to passing on philanthropic traditions and inspiring a lifelong habit of giving and serving in young people.
The power of YOUth in philanthropic fundraising
Authors: Swanson Nancy
Published: June 2004

When we picture youth involved in fundraising, we often think of raffle tickets, bake sales, magazines, and pancake feeds. Youth are actually “natural askers” who enjoy face‐to‐face solicitation. Here is how one national youth organization is taking steps to elevate the involvement of youth in fundraising.
Datenspeicher im Fokus
Authors: Drach Volker
Published: June 2004

Dreidimensionale optische Datenspeicher versprechen hohe Speicherdichten. Voraussetzung für einen Einsatz in der Technik sind aber Zuverlässigkeit und Langzeitstabilität. Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, müssen geeignete physikalische Mechanismen für den Schreib‐ und Lesevorgang und passende Materialien gefunden werden. Forscher vom amerikanischen Boston College entdeckten jüngst ein viel versprechendes Polymer zur digitalen Datenspeicherung auf Basis von Mehrphotonenprozessen [1].
Diphenol miscibility effect on the immiscible polyester/polyether binary blends through intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interaction
Authors: Hexig Bayar , He Yong , Asakawa Naoki , Inoue Yoshio
Published: July 2004

Miscibility and hydrogen bonding interaction have been investigated for the binary blends of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐44 mol % butylene terephthalate)[P(BA‐co‐BT)] with 4,4'‐thiodiphenol (TDP) and poly(ethylene‐ oxide)(PEO) with TDP; and the ternary blends of P(BA‐co‐BT)/PEO/TDP by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The DSC results indicated that the binary blends of P(BA‐co‐BT)/TDP and PEO/TDP were miscible because each blend showed only one composition‐dependent glass‐transition over the entire range of the blend composition. The formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of TDP and the carbonyl groups of P(BA‐co‐BT), and between the hydroxyl groups of TDP and the ether groups of PEO was confirmed by the FTIR spectra. According to the glass‐transition temperature measured by DSC, P(BA‐co‐BT) and PEO, their binary blends were immiscible over the entire range of blend composition, however, the miscibility between P(BA‐co‐BT) and PEO was enhanced through the TDP‐mediated intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction. It was concluded that TDP content of about 5–10% may possibily enhance miscibility between P(BA‐co‐BT) and PEO via a hydrogen bonding interaction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2971–2982, 2004
Exploring the relationship between forced maximal flow at functional residual capacity and parameters of forced expiration from raised lung volume in healthy infants
Authors: Ranganathan S.C. , Hoo A.F. , Lum S.Y. , Goetz I. , Castle R.A. , Stocks J.
Published: June 2004

The raised volume rapid thoraco‐abdominal compression technique (RVRTC) is being increasingly used to assess airway function in infants, but as yet no consensus exists regarding the equipment, methods, or analysis of recorded data. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between maximal flow at functional residual capacity (V′maxFRC) and parameters derived from raised lung volumes, and to address analytical aspects of the latter technique in an attempt to assist with future standardization initiatives. Forced vital capacity (FVC) from lung volume raised to 3 kPa, timed forced expiratory volumes (FEVt), and forced expiratory flow parameters at different percentages of expired FVC (FEF%) were measured in 98 healthy infants (1–69 weeks of age). V′maxFRC using the tidal rapid thoraco‐abdominal compression (RTC) technique was also measured. The within‐subject relationships and within‐subject variability of the various parameters were assessed.

Duration of forced expiration was < 0.5 sec in 5 infants, meaning that FEV0.3 and FEV0.4 were the only timed volume parameters that could be calculated in all infants during the first months of life, and even when it could be calculated, FEV0.5 approached FVC in many of these infants. It is recommended that FEV0.4 be routinely reported in infants less than 3 months of age. Contrary to previous reports, within subject variability of V′maxFRC was less than that of FEF75 (mean CV = 6.3% and 8.9%, respectively).

A more standardized protocol when analyzing data from the RVRTC would facilitate comparisons of results between centers in the future. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 33:419–428. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2MOLCAS as a development platform for quantum chemistry software
Authors: Veryazov Valera , Widmark Per‐Olof , Serrano‐Andrés Luis , Lindh Roland , Roos Björn O.
Published: July 2004

This work presents the quantum chemistry package MOLCAS, with emphasis on its usefulness as a platform for developing new quantum chemical codes, and the reader is assumed to be familiar with such a process. The development of new codes for quantum chemistry is a time‐consuming job that can be dramatically simplified by using libraries for standard problems (such as calculation of integrals), and tools to surmount computer language and operating system limitations. The MOLCAS quantum chemistry software contains modules for a variety of quantum chemical methods, such as Hartree–Fock (HF), density functional theory (DFT), coupled‐cluster (CC), and multiconfigurational (MCSCF) approaches, including second‐order perturbation theory. It runs on almost all UNIX‐like platforms and contains a single source code for 32‐ and 64‐bit architecture, as well as for serial and parallel execution. The MOLCAS environment allows the user to include, in a simple way, new codes integrated with libraries and other MOLCAS modules. The key features of the MOLCAS environment include a modular structure, an easy‐to‐use environment, an application programming interface (API) library for solving common computational and system‐oriented problems, a solid verification control system, and tools for a distributed development. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Potential curves of the Be2 molecule in cylinder‐like cavities
Authors: Bogomolova A. Yu. , Ermilov A. Yu. , Scherbinin A. V.
Published: July 2004

Spatial confinement effects on the energy states of the beryllium atom and the electronic states of the beryllium dimer molecule are studied. Confinement effects are modeled by systems of point charges. Electronic structure calculations are carried out on the basis of the frozen core full configuration interaction method. Atomic states are treated within the even‐tempered basis set 17s13p9d consisting of 110 primitive Gaussians. The valence and the Rydberg states of the spherically confined Be atom exhibit different behavior under the compression. Inversions of the atomic terms are discussed. The potential energy curves of the cylindrically confined Be2 molecule are calculated within the cc‐pVTZ basis set. The employed cylindrical point charge environment model is shown to introduce significant end effects which are diminishing as the length of the cylinder increases. In very short tubes the above end effects may introduce additional changes into the molecular energy level picture. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Simple model of H+ and H(1s) collision: Application to charge transfer
Authors: Deineka G. B.
Published: June 2004

A numerical method for calculation time‐dependent process in collision of H+ and H(1s) is introduced. The method utilizes the finite basis set of hermitian B‐splines for calculation of localized and nonlocalized states in 1D model. The space resonance effect of electron density polarization oscillations during the propagation of projectile is considered. The charge transfer dependence on the oscillation phase of polarization is presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Current and Future Issues and Trends Facing Student Athletes and Athletic Programs
Authors: Hill Kathleen , Burch‐Ragan Kelly M. , Yates Denise Y.
Published: June 2004

This chapter focuses on current national issues having impacts on college athletics. Also included are lists of organizations and other resources about student athletes.
Using Technology in Assessment and Evaluation
Authors: Hanson Gary R.
Published: July 2004

Technology has created new opportunities in the areas of assessment and evaluation and in college administrators' ability to accomplish four keys to good assessment: ask good questions, observe and listen carefully, thoughtfully interpret information, and move others to action.
Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Smith Caryl K. , Gauld Virginia D. , Tubbs LeVester , Correnti Richard
Published: July 2004

The metropolitan university is presented with unique problems that require creative solutions to develop and enhance campus life.
African American Men on College Campuses: Their Needs and Their Perceptions
Authors: Cuyjet Michael J.
Published: July 2004

This chapter provides a cursory look at the current status of black male college students as well as a review of a national survey that reveals some of their attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of the campus environment. The perceptions are compared to those of African American women students.
Theory to Practice: Applying Developmental Theories Relevant to African American Men
Authors: Howard‐Hamilton Mary F.
Published: July 2004

This chapter examines several traditional developmental theories that may be revised to fit the needs of African American male college students and explains some new theories based on Africentric philosophy which may be useful in promoting self‐esteem. Practical applications of the models are presented.
Retaining African American Men Through Mentoring Initiatives
Authors: LaVant Bruce D. , Anderson John L. , Tiggs Joseph W.
Published: July 2004

This chapter describes the merits of mentoring as they apply particularly to African American male students. Profiles of a number of successful mentoring programs are provided.
Identifying and Developing Leadership Opportunities for African American Men
Authors: Sutton E. Michael , Terrell Melvin C.
Published: July 2004

This chapter describes the benefits of leadership development opportunities and how to make them available to more African American men. The discussion focuses on leadership in black fraternities but also looks at positional leadership roles in other types of organizations.
Retention Issues and Models for African American Male Athletes
Authors: Person Dawn R. , LeNoir Kenya M.
Published: July 2004

As an attempt to present some issues of retention that may affect African American men in general, this chapter examines the special circumstances of African American male college athletes. Several models for serving black male athletes are presented with an emphasis on interventions affecting their retention.
Greek Letter Organizations and Alcohol: Problems, Policies, and Programs
Authors: Riordan Bridget Guernsey , Dana Robert Q.
Published: July 2004

Alcohol abuse is a serious problem and a persistent challenge for Greek letter organizations. Administrators must work with Greek organizations to establish effective alcohol policies and programs.
Standards and Expectations for Greek Letter Organizations
Authors: Shonrock Michael D.
Published: July 2004

Greek letter organizations face the challenge of closing the gap between the high standards they profess to espouse and the inappropriate behaviors in which fraternity and sorority members sometimes engage.
A Brief History of the Commitment to Inclusion as a Facet of Equal Educational Opportunity
Authors: Bickel Robert D.
Published: July 2004

The historical evolution of both the legal and moral arguments surrounding affirmative action in higher education.
Performance‐Based Approaches to Human Resource Development
Authors: Holmes Tyrone A.
Published: July 2004

Much has been written about the professional practice of human resource development (HRD). This chapter examines performance‐based HRD practices and their relevance for student affairs. It provides a general overview of HRD, including discussion of the newest concepts in the field, and offers a model and tools for applying performance‐based HRD within higher education institutions.
Staff Supervision and Professional Development: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Winston, Jr. Roger B. , Creamer Don G.
Published: July 2004

In this chapter, the authors assert that staff development is best conceptualized and operationalized as one facet of an integrated staffing function that is inextricably and purposefully intertwined with supervision and performance appraisal.
Influence and Impact: Professional Development in Student Affairs
Authors: Cooper Diane L. , Miller Theodore K.
Published: July 2004

This chapter explores the impact of mentoring on those entering and advancing in the field of student affairs, the protégés; those providing professional development support, the mentors; and the organizations that they serve. It incorporates findings from a national survey of practitioner members of the National Association of Student Personnel Administrators (NASPA).
Using Self‐Reflection for Personal and Professional Development in Student Affairs
Authors: Nottingham Joanne E.
Published: July 2004

This chapter explores the role of self‐reflection as an enhancement of traditional staff development efforts and reviews instruments that can assist in understanding how personality, learning, and behavioral styles can aid self‐reflective thinking, influencing the effectiveness of student affairs professionals.
Some Final Thoughts About Staff Development
Authors: Bryan William A. , Schwartz Robert A.
Published: July 2004

This chapter provides an overview of the importance of staff development. It highlights the significant staff development factors examined in various chapters and discusses important elements for the development and implementation of staff development programs.
Policy Analysis Research: A New Role for Student Affairs Research
Authors: Hanson Gary R.
Published: June 2004

Policy analysis research is the design, collection, analysis, and dissemination of data and information for the purpose of creating or modifying educational policy. This chapter describes policy analysis research and examines research related specifically to a scholarship award policy at the University of Texas at Austin.
Student Affairs Researcher: Information Broker
Authors: Hadley Thomas D.
Published: June 2004

Student affairs researchers need to expand their focus from narrow departmental research to broad institutional concerns. They should help student affairs and institutions as a whole become learning organizations.
An Expanded International Role for Student Affairs
Authors: Ping Charles J.
Published: June 2004

The traditional role of student affairs leadership has expanded as a result of the internationalization of higher education.
Student Services in the Largest Private University System in Mexico
Authors: López Carlos J. Mijares
Published: June 2004

The new mission of the Division of Student Affairs at the Monterrey Institute of Technology provides insight into the organization and functioning of student services in Mexico.
The Ursuline Studies Program: A Collaborative Core Curriculum
Authors: Larréy Martin F. , Estanek Sandra M.
Published: June 2004

This chapter provides another case study of collaboration, in this instance at a small private college. The authors describe and analyze the process of creating the Ursuline Studies Program, including key aspects of collaboration, particularly the collaboration between the faculty and student services.
Guiding Principles for Evaluating Student and Academic Affairs Partnerships
Authors: Schuh John H.
Published: June 2004

This chapter offers guiding principles that illustrate successful partnerships. The principles can be used to evaluate partnerships at your institution.
Women's Ways of Knowing
Authors: Love Patrick G. , Guthrie Victoria L.
Published: June 2004

In focusing on the cognitive lives of a diverse group of women, Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, and Tarule added richness to the growing theory base on college students' cognitive development.
Kegan's Orders of Consciousness
Authors: Love Patrick G. , Guthrie Victoria L.
Published: June 2004

Kegan's orders of consciousness are useful in developing a holistic understanding of college students' ways of knowing that incorporates their thinking, feeling, and social relating.
The Historical Roots of Enrollment Management
Authors: Coomes Michael D.
Published: June 2004

This chapter examines the historical development of enrollment management. It focuses on the roles that federal student aid legislation, changing student demographics, and research on college impact have played in shaping enrollment management as a concept.
Recommended Reading
Authors: Saddlemire Marie T.
Published: June 2004

This chapter provides an annotated list of books, articles, newsletters, and Web sites that will prove helpful to new and experienced administrators. Some of the resources address financial aid and enrollment management from historical and structural perspectives. Many explain how financial aid and enrollment management function in tandem to maintain healthy, accessible institutions.
Assessing Programmatic Needs
Authors: Cooper Diane L. , Saunders Sue A.
Published: June 2004

Prior to designing and implementing any programmatic initiative, the programmer must consider the assessment of individual and group needs as well as environmental or cultural dimensions.
Observations, Reflections, and Speculations: What We Have Learned About the Scholarship of Teaching and Where It Might Lead
Authors: Kreber Carolin
Published: June 2004

Knowing what constitutes the scholarship of teaching and how to assess and promote it is an important accomplishment. Yet where does teaching excellence fit in? Should it be valued also and, if so, how? This chapter considers this issue by revisiting what has been learned from this volume.
Evaluating Teaching Through Teaching Awards
Authors: Carusetta Ellen
Published: June 2004

Examining the strengths and weaknesses of institutional teaching awards can help illuminate the processes involved in teaching evaluation.
Mentoring in the Technical Disciplines: Fostering a Broader View of Education, Career, and Culture In and Beyond the Workplace
Authors: Marra Rose M. , Pangborn Robert N.
Published: June 2004

Examples of mentoring in engineering are provided as models for how to relate to students beyond the traditional classroom format. Mentoring expands the opportunities to interact with students and provides rewards for both students and the faculty mentors.
Writing Back and Forth: Class Letters
Authors: Fulwiler Toby
Published: July 2004

Writing letters back and forth with your students increases dialogue, suggests rethinking, and encourages rewriting, yet the stakes remain low.
When Less Is More: Principles for Responding in the Disciplines
Authors: Lunsford Ronald F.
Published: July 2004

A study of teachers' responses to students' papers suggests some basic guidelines for writing comments that further a teacher's educational goals for each student.
Which Non‐Native Speaker? Differences Between International Students and U.S. Resident (Language Minority) Students
Authors: Reid Joy M.
Published: July 2004

International students who have learned English in the classroom have different problems from U.S. resident students who have learned English only by listening.
Using the “Writing Process” with Non‐Native Users of English
Authors: Koffolt Kimberly , Holt Sheryl L.
Published: July 2004

A student‐driven process model for writing assists international students in learning to write for the academic discipline.
Building Editing Skills: Putting Students at the Center of the Editing Process
Authors: Murie Robin
Published: July 2004

Putting students at the center of the writing process helps them identify points of trouble and control the editing process.
How Cultural Differences Affect Written and Oral Communication: The Case of Peer Response Groups
Authors: Nelson Gayle L.
Published: July 2004

How peer response groups work: potential problems and possible solutions.
Please Speak Up: Asian Immigrant Students in American College Classrooms
Authors: Hodne Barbara D.
Published: July 2004

Informal conversations and structured opportunities for oral communication help international students overcome barriers to improving their academic language skills.
What Teachers Can Do to Relieve Problems Identified by International Students
Authors: Lee Debra S.
Published: July 2004

International students identify problems with communication in the classroom and how to solve them.
Issues and Trends to Take Us into the Twenty‐First Century
Authors: Connick George P.
Published: July 2004

Where is distance education headed, and how will we get there?
Student‐Centered Instruction for the Design of Telecourses
Authors: Egan M. Winston , Gibb Gordon S.
Published: July 2004

Without face‐to‐face contact with distance learners, instructors need to be even more vigilant in designing instruction around the students' needs.
Teaching by Telephone
Authors: Olgren Christine H.
Published: July 2004

One of the original distance learning media is still in widespread use.
Networked Learning Environments
Authors: Chute Alan G. , Sayers Pamela K. , Gardner Richard P.
Published: July 2004

Future instructors may want to assemble an array of new media to provide an optimal learning environment for students.
Distance Learning and the Digital Library: Transforming the Library into an Information Center
Authors: Derlin Roberta L. , Erazo Edward
Published: July 2004

The library is changing its role from repository to information center.
The Impact of Government Policy on University Faculty
Authors: Eggins Heather
Published: July 2004

Changes in government policies and attitudes in the United Kingdom put the long‐established autonomy of universities under pressure. The impact on academic staff is dramatic.
Preparation for the Role of Teacher as Part of Induction into Faculty Life and Work
Authors: Johnston Sue
Published: July 2004

Preparation for university teaching should be seen as one aspect of a comprehensive induction into faculty life and work. Such a program, developed in Australia, is described.
Professional Programs and Training Courses
Authors: Bireaud Annie
Published: July 2004

The role of faculty is undergoing dramatic changes in France. Faculty are expected to lead multidisciplinary teams and to take on the role of public relations officers.
Goals of Higher Education Curricula
Authors: Webler Wolff‐Dietrich
Published: July 2004

Higher education is influenced by changes in the world of work. In Germany, general “key qualifications” have been identified for all curricula.
The Challenge Has Been Given
Authors: Herbeson Ellen
Published: July 2004

It is time to challenge our perspectives on teaching and learning and find a way to integrate all aspects of our work.
A Pedagogy for Citizenship: Service Learning and Democratic Education
Authors: Mendel‐Reyes Meta
Published: July 2004

This chapter highlights the interconnections between service learning and
citizenship education. The author stresses a vision of citizenship founded
in the philosophical ideals of democracy.
Reading, Writing, and Reflection
Authors: Cooper David D.
Published: July 2004

A student involved in a service learning writing course learns to think and
reflect critically. In the process, the student discovers the difference between
an opinion passionately held and a problem that needs to be solved.
Resources for Research and Practice in Service Learning
Authors: Dixon D. Scott
Published: July 2004

The author annotates recent key works, identifies academic journals that
consider service learning research, and lists sources of information related
to service learning.
Why Talk About Different Ways to Grade? The Shift from Traditional Assessment to Alternative Assessment
Authors: Anderson Rebecca S.
Published: July 2004

National reform efforts challenge the use of traditional assessment methods and argue for alternative assessment practices such as performance‐based assessment, portfolio assessment, and authentic assessment.
Grading Cooperative Projects
Authors: Smith Karl A.
Published: July 2004

Professors can help ensure the success of collaborative projects by preparing
students to work effectively in a group. This includes using diagnostic,
formative, and summative assessment.
Evaluating Technology‐Based Processes and Products
Authors: Morrison Gary R. , Ross Steven M.
Published: July 2004

Since students' technology process and products are intertwined, both can
be assessed using these techniques.
Quality in the Classroom: Classroom Assessment Techniques as TQM
Authors: Soetaert Elaine
Published: July 2004

The use of Classroom Assessment is a natural companion to the concepts of
total quality management as applied to the classroom.
Classroom Assessment Across the Disciplines
Authors: Eisenbach Regina , Golich Vicki , Curry Renee
Published: July 2004

Three instructors teaching very different contents and classes compared
their results from using Classroom Assessment and find more similarities
than differences.
Using CATs to Help New Instructors Develop as Teachers
Authors: Richlin Laurie
Published: July 2004

Helping new teachers and new graduate teaching assistants make the shift
from a focus on self to a focus on students is a promising new use of Classroom
Assessment.
Technology's Impact on Faculty Life and Work
Authors: Baldwin Roger G.
Published: July 2004

This chapter considers the changes under way in the work life of higher
education faculty members, including a focus on implications for faculty
careers, personnel policies, and faculty development services.
Motivation and Diversity: A Framework for Teaching
Authors: Wlodkowski Raymond J.
Published: June 2004

Learning is a naturally active and normally volitional process. This chapter is concerned with motivation to learn and how to encourage it effectively. What students bring to a learning situation is key.
Using the ARCS Motivational Process in Computer‐Based Instruction and Distance Education
Authors: Keller John M.
Published: June 2004

It is one thing to design for learner motivation in a classroom where teachers can respond to students' cues. It is a greater challenge to make self‐directed learning environments responsive to the motivational requirements of learners. This chapter describes a process that provides guidelines and methods for incorporating motivational tactics into computer‐based and distance learning environments.
Institutional Improvement and Motivated Faculty: A Case Study
Authors: Farmer Donald W.
Published: June 2004

Motivating faculty to participate in institutional change does not take place in a vacuum. This chapter reports a successful effort to implement and sustain change and offers guidelines that consider all the participants in a change process.
What Have We Learned? A Synthesis and Some Guidelines for Effective Motivation in Higher Education
Authors: Theall Michael , Franklin Jennifer
Published: June 2004

The chapters in this issue are remarkably coherent with respect to the motivation literature and each other. This chapter demonstrates that coherence and provides a matrix of useful concepts for teachers and learners.
Peer Consultation and Faculty Learning Communities
Authors: Cox Milton D.
Published: June 2004

Faculty learning communities can facilitate peer consultation and broaden its impact on individuals and institutions.
New Directions for Theory and Research on Teaching: A Review of the Past Twenty Years
Authors: Theall Michael
Published: June 2004

A great deal of research on what constitutes good teaching has been published, but it is not as widely known as it warrants. This chapter shows just how much the field has expanded.
Taking Diversity Seriously: New Developments in Teaching for Diversity
Authors: Border Laura L. B.
Published: June 2004

The issue of diversity has experienced wide swings in public sentiment, but it remains a key issue in the quality of educational life on our nation's campuses.
Democratic Citizenship and Service Learning: Advancing the Caring Self
Authors: Rhoads Robert A.
Published: June 2004

Service learning can promote the development of a “caring self”—a sense of self firmly rooted in a concern for the well‐being of others. Rhoads links this caring self to democratic citizenship and uses students' narratives to illustrate how it develops through service learning contexts.
The Academy, Online Classes, and the Breach in Ethics
Authors: Speck Bruce W.
Published: June 2004

The academy has embarked on the commercialization of online courses without giving sufficient attention to conducting adequate research about online courses, training professors to operate successfully in online courses, and preserving academic integrity.
Promoting Deep and Durable Learning in the Online Classroom
Authors: Hacker Douglas J. , Niederhauser Dale S.
Published: June 2004

Five principles of instruction have been shown by current research to promote deep and durable learning. Specific examples show how these principles apply to online courses.
Educating the Practitioner: Strategies for Focusing on the Student in the Undergraduate Business Curriculum
Authors: Melander E. R.
Published: June 2004

As universities move to become more student centered, the need for a change in instruction is imperative. Colleges and schools of business administration can put students in more active roles, helping them to learn in the same kinds of environments they will function as managers.
Two New Benzoate‐di(methylcyclopentadienyl)ytterbium(III) Complexes: [Yb(MeCp)2(O2CC6F5)]2 and [Yb(MeCp)2(O2C‐o‐HC6F4)]2
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Quitmann Catharina C. , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Meyer Gerd
Published: June 2004

Transparent orange crystals of [Yb(MeCp)2(O2CC6F5)]2 and [Yb(MeCp)2(O2C‐o‐HC6F4)]2 were obtained by oxidation of Yb(MeCp)2 with M(O2CR) (M = 1/2 Hg, Tl; R = C6F5, o‐HC6F4) in tetrahydrofuran. They have a dimeric structure with bridging bidentate (O, O')‐benzoate groups and eight coordinated ytterbium. Both crystallise isotypic in the orthorhombic space group Pbca. Room temperature as well as low temperature single crystal X‐ray investigations show the o‐H/F positions in [Yb(MeCp)2(O2C‐o‐HC6F4)]2 not to be ordered.
Synthesis and the Unique Crystal Structure of [(H2O)⊂(DB18C6)(μ2‐H2O)2/2][(H3O)⊂(DB18C6)(μ2‐H2O)2/2]I3 (DB18C6 = dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6)
Authors: Fromm Katharina M. , Gueneau Estelle D. , Goesmann Helmut , Bochet Christian G.
Published: June 2004

In the title compound 1, the macrocylic ligand DB18C6 arranges to build two types of channels in which either only water or water and H3O+ molecules are stacked to linear polymers. The counter ions, I3—, also form chains and fill in the spaces left between the parallel stacks of the crown ethers. Compound 1 should therefore possess interesting conducting properties and might as well serve as model for biological water channels.
Synthese und Struktur eines Pentaalkylchlorohexastibans Sb6R5Cl [R = (Me3Si)2CH]
Authors: Balázs G. , Breunig H. J. , Lork E.
Published: June 2004

Bei der Umsetzung von RSbCl2 [R = (Me3Si)2CH] mit Na‐K‐Legierung in Tetrahydrofuran entsteht neben den bekannten Ringen SbnRn (n = 3, 4) und (Me3Si)2CH2 das Pentaalkylchlorohexastiban Sb6R5Cl (1) in 5 % Ausbeute. 1 wurde durch MS, 1H‐, 13C‐NMR und Röntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Die Struktur von 1 besteht aus einem gefalteten Antimon‐Vierring in der all‐trans‐Konfiguration mit drei Alkylgruppen und einem Sb(R)—Sb(R)Cl‐Fragment als Substituenten.
The Direction of Affective Priming as a Function of Trait Anxiety When Naming Target Words With Regular and Irregular Pronunciation
Authors: Berner Michael P. , Maier Markus A.
Published: July 2004

Abstract. Results from an affective priming experiment confirm the previously reported influence of trait anxiety on the direction of affective priming in the naming task ( Maier, Berner, & Pekrun, 2003 ): On trials in which extremely valenced primes appeared, positive affective priming reversed into negative affective priming with increasing levels of trait anxiety. Using valenced target words with irregular pronunciation did not have the expected effect of increasing the extent to which semantic processes play a role in naming, as affective priming effects were not stronger for irregular targets than for regular targets. This suggests the predominant operation of a whole-word nonsemantic pathway in reading aloud in German. Data from neutral priming trials hint at the possibility that negative affective priming in participants high in trait anxiety is due to inhibition of congruent targets.
Seismic expression of Pleistocene paleoceanographic changes in the California Borderland from digitally acquired 3.5 kHz subbottom profiles and Ocean Drilling Program Leg 167 drilling
Authors: Janik Aleksandra , Lyle Mitchell W. , Liberty Lee M.
Published: July 2004

We correlate processed 3.5 kHz seismic profiles with physical properties of cores collected during ODP Leg 167 from the Tanner, East Cortes, and San Nicolas Basins through much of the Pleistocene succession. Results indicate that seismic horizons in the unconsolidated Pleistocene sediments (top 50 m) are mainly controlled by density contrasts. Removing of the compaction trend from the density reveals a very interesting relationship between density and composition ‐ the density closely and inversely correlates with organic carbon indicating that large‐scale variations in organic carbon are responsible for seismic reflections through their influence on density. This is a significant discovery since there apparently is no other paleoceanographic setting that we know of where such a close linkage between acoustic properties and organic carbon has been established. The variations in organic carbon are mainly marine in origin and derive from variations in primary productivity associated with upwelling and the preservation regime related to oxygenation of water. Pleistocene reflections on 3.5 kHz profiles in the Borderland province thus record regional cyclical fluctuations in the paleoclimatic signals. The close resemblance in the density profiles at the three different basins indicates that the sedimentary regime was similar in those basins through the Pleistocene. These common density patterns produce regional seismic horizons that correlate well among the basins. It is likely these correlated and dated horizons could be extrapolated to other Borderland basins (e.g., San Clemente), where they can potentially be used as time markers for neotectonic studies in the region.
Surf zone eddies coupled with rip current morphology
Authors: MacMahan Jamie H. , Reniers Ad J. H. M. , Thornton Ed B. , Stanton Tim P.
Published: June 2004

Energetic very low frequency (VLF; frequencies <0.004 Hz) surf zone eddies (SZEs) were observed on a beach composed of shore‐connected shoals with quasi‐periodic (∼125 m) incised rip channels at Sand City, Monterey Bay, California. Incident waves consisted of predominantly shore‐normal narrow‐banded swell waves. SZEs were located outside the gravity region in alongshore wave number, ky, spaced within the VLF band, and did not appear to exist in higher‐frequency bands. The SZEs were significant (Urms,VLF ∼ 0.25 m/s) and constant in intensity within the surf zone (shore‐connected shoals and rip channels) and rapidly decreased offshore. The alongshore and cross‐shore SZE velocity variances were similar in magnitude. VLF SZE velocities were not forced by VLF surface elevations and were not well correlated with rip current flows (r2 = 0.18). There is an indication that the SZEs were related to wave forcing, with the SZEs statistically correlated with incoming sea‐swell wave height (r2 = 0.49). F‐ky spectral estimates illustrate a strong relationship between rip channel spacing and SZE cross‐shore velocities (ky = ±0.008 m−1) and minimal SZE alongshore velocity variation (ky = 0 m−1). Data analysis suggests that the SZEs are not simply instabilities of an unstable rip current jet. A simple conceptual model suggests that SZE f‐ky spectra can be explained by the entire rip current circulation cells oscillating predominantly in the cross shore and slightly in the alongshore.