bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of weir geometry on scour development in the downstream of Piano Key Weirs
Authors: Yazdi Alireza Mosalman , Hoseini S. Abbas , Nazari Sohrab , Amanian Nosratollah
Published: October 2020

Scouring in the downstream of all weirs, including Piano Key Weirs (PKWs), can have major safety implications. Since the research on downstream scouring of PKWs is very limited, and the weir geometry is also known to have an impact on downstream scouring, this study investigated scouring in the downstream of PKWs with rectangular and trapezoidal geometries and two different heights. The scour hole measurements showed that in both rectangular and trapezoidal models, scour hole parameters increased both with the increase in discharge rate and the increase in weir height. Under similar discharge conditions, the scour depth downstream from the rectangular model was greater than that downstream from the trapezoidal model. The dimensionless maximum scour depth, the distance of maximum scour depth from the weir toe, and the scour hole length for the trapezoidal PKW were, on average, 6, 13, and 11% lower than the corresponding ones for the rectangular PKW, respectively. However, these differences decreased with the increase in falling height. For both weir geometries, the maximum scour depth was aligned with the outlet keys. In addition, the maximum scour depth under the outlet keys was 13% greater than the one under the inlet keys.
Cavitation action on the cocci bacteria
Authors: Koval Iryna , Hajiali Amir
Published: October 2020

Features of growth of microorganisms on a nutrient medium and their microscopic researches were studied. Cavitation treatment (22 kHz, 91 W, 1.65 W/сm3) of water with the simultaneous action of bubbled inert gases (argon and helium) on the viability of microbial cells (Diplococcus and Sarcina) are presented. The highest water disinfection was obtained for water samples with Sarcina lutea cells for both used gases under cavitation conditions. Both investigated types of cocci bacteria were destroyed faster under Ar/US-action after comparison of the effectiveness of the gas nature action on the water disinfection.
Evaluation of wastewater quality using water quality index
Authors:   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, Dinu Cristina , Scutariu Roxana Elena , Vasile Gabriela Geanina , Tenea Anda Gabriela , Petre Jana , Cruceru Liliana Valeria
Published: October 2020

A study for evaluating the quality of wastewater discharged into the sewerage network of Bucharest, for several economic agents with various activity profiles: a car wash, a sweet producer, and a provider of automatic access systems were presented in this paper. The study was conducted over five years (2013- 2017). The results obtained for the analyzed parameters were compared with the maximum allowed values (MAV) by the legislation in force. The results showed that for the car wash there was only one exceeding of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) parameter during the whole study period. The sweet producer and the provider of the automatic access systems evacuated wastewater with exceedances of MAV for the parameters: COD, BOD5, zinc, suspended solids, extractable substances in organic solvents, and total phosphorus. To evaluate the quality of the wastewater discharged by these two agents, the quality indices of wastewater (WWQI) were calculated. For the sweet producer, the calculated water quality indices had values between 62.4 - 92.7%, with a classification of wastewater, discharged in the quality class: marginal to good quality. For the provider of automatic access systems, the value of the quality index was between 74.2 and 85.5, the discharged wastewater being considered fair or good.
Relationships between land use, predicted pollution loadings, and ecotoxicological assays in constructed wetlands
Authors:   University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, USA, Ghosh Roy Subhomita , Ehlinger Timothy J.
Published: October 2020

Environmental degradation related to uncontrolled development resulted in the passage of the United States Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972, with the stated purpose “to restore and maintain the integrity of the nation’s waters”. Implementation of the CWA leads to increased research to develop multimetric indicators to better measure and understand the complex patterns of ecological responses to stress occurring across levels of biological, spatial, and temporal organization. One area of research is the use of integrated indices of chemical risk, ecotoxicological risk, and ecological risk to assess the impact of human activity across disturbance gradients of urbanization. Selecting relevant metrics for constructing a multimetric index requires identifying bioindicator organisms with capacities to detect signals from anthropogenic disturbances. This study explored the potential efficacy of a suite of higher plant ecotoxicological assays for use as bioindicators in ecological risk assessment along a gradient of urbanization in a wetland ecosystem. The study was conducted in the Pike River watershed (Racine, Wisconsin, USA) in six wetlands selected across a gradient of dominant land-use types (agricultural, commercial, residential, undeveloped, and industrial). MicroBioTest PhytotoxkitTM ecotoxicological assays, based on growth inhibition of three plants (Sinapis, Sorghum, and Lepidium) were used to assess sediment toxicity. The relationships between Phytotoxkit™ responses and predicted pollutant loadings calculated from surrounding land use provided clear signals of stress from watershed pollutants draining into the wetland sites. The potential for these ecotoxicological indicators to serve as biological response signatures is strong, and further research and calibration in field and microcosms studies will assist in calibrating responses for use in integrated monitoring efforts.
Investigation of the effects of different sulfate types found in seawater on concrete containing microfiber and silica fume
Authors:   Konya Technical University, Turkey, Saydan Murat , Rahimi Nematullah , Yel Esra , Keskin Ulku Sultan
Published: October 2020

Sulfate salts which available in seawater with high concentrations cause the formation of ettringite in hydrated structures which formed as a result of the hydration of cement. On the other hand, ettringite causes excessive volume expansions and eventually leads to cracking of the concrete due to the internal stresses in concrete since it is a large volume mineral structure. In this study, ultrafine cement and silica fume as mineral additive were used together for binder design. Besides, microfiber has been added to the binder systems produced in different proportions. The produced specimens were kept separately in water, in solutions containing 2% Na2SO4 and 2% MgSO4 by weight for 90 days. The compressive strength test was performed at 28th and 90th days on cured specimens. In addition to the compressive strength test, the solution samples were taken from the curing solutions every 10 days and the change of sulfate concentrations was followed in the solutions. According to the results, in Na2SO4 solution higher compressive strength values were observed up to 66 MPa while strength loss was observed in the specimens cured in the MgSO4 solution. In parallel to this result, the remaining concentrations of SO42- ions in the MgSO4 solution were lower than those in the Na2SO4 solution. It was inferred that in Na2SO4 solution, the fibers could compensate for the internal stresses. This situation shows that especially the microfiber additive can compensate for the expansion that will occur as a result of ettringite formation, and thus it can help the mechanical stability of the concrete.
The current state of the quality of urban soils in Bucharest
Authors:   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, Stanescu Bogdan , Cuciureanu Adriana , Cernica Georgiana , Catrina Gina Alina
Published: October 2020

The soil cover is subject to anthropogenic changes as well as other geoecosystems subjected to pressures due to sources. The results are recorded for the soil cover depending on the type of anthropogenic manifestations, intensity, nature, and number of their manifestations. Moreover, the interferences with the natural landscapes intervene, and from here appear the evaluation process difficulties. In most cases, it is considered that the urban landscape is distinguished by a series of peculiarities regarding the quality of the urban hydrosphere, an atmosphere, and the biosphere, as well as a series of changes in the pedosphere, as a result of land use. Notable for the soil cover, being particularly important is the soil cover the surface of the pedosphere. The complex of ecological parameters can provide important information on the flows and balance within the ecological system. The ecological importance of urban soils has long been underestimated. Urban soils were protected only as a support for construction. It was not until the early 1970s that the first approaches to the study and classification of urban soils were initiate. We can say that in 2020 the situation is completely different, in the sense that urban soilsare studied and evaluated periodically in terms of quality.
A LIGA ACADÊMICA DE DIREITO CONSTITUCIONAL DO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Wellem
Published: October 2020

Repensar o ensino e a educação no Brasil de modo geral é imperativo visto que o paradigma no Brasil ainda é de um ensino com bases tradicionais.  No ensino jurídico isso não é diferente, mostrando-se frequentemente formalista e com aprendizagem compartimentada pautada na acumulação de informações. A Extensão Universitária vive um momento de reconhecimento crescente como um verdadeiro pilar de formação intelectual na academia. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo pretende abordar e criticizar conceitos e aspectos formativos da atividade extensionista para um curso de Direito, mostrando a experiência exitosa da primeira liga acadêmica de Direito Constitucional na região extrema do Norte de Minas Gerais, fundada em uma instituição privada que é a mais próxima para uma grande população porém também cercada de desafios de acesso como o transporte e rodovias, além de limitações de tempo e finanças dos estudantes.  Defende-se no texto a possibilidade de um outro olhar para o ensino aprendizagem pautado no discente como autor principal do processo.
Determining if Telehealth Can Reduce Health System Costs: Scoping Review
Authors: Snoswell Centaine L , Taylor Monica L , Comans Tracy A , Smith Anthony C , Gray Leonard C , Caffery Liam J
Published: October 2020

Background

Telehealth represents an opportunity for Australia to harness the power of technology to redesign the way health care is delivered. The potential benefits of telehealth include increased accessibility to care, productivity gains for health providers and patients through reduced travel, potential for cost savings, and an opportunity to develop culturally appropriate services that are more sensitive to the needs of special populations. The uptake of telehealth has been hindered at times by clinician reluctance and policies that preclude metropolitan populations from accessing telehealth services.

Objective

This study aims to investigate if telehealth reduces health system costs compared with traditional service models and to identify the scenarios in which cost savings can be realized.

Methods

A scoping review was undertaken to meet the study aims. Initially, literature searches were conducted using broad terms for telehealth and economics to identify economic evaluation literature in telehealth. The investigators then conducted an expert focus group to identify domains where telehealth could reduce health system costs, followed by targeted literature searches for corresponding evidence.

Results

The cost analyses reviewed provided evidence that telehealth reduced costs when health system–funded travel was prevented and when telehealth mitigated the need for expensive procedural or specialist follow-up by providing competent care in a more efficient way. The expert focus group identified 4 areas of potential savings from telehealth: productivity gains, reductions in secondary care, alternate funding models, and telementoring. Telehealth demonstrated great potential for productivity gains arising from health system redesign; however, under the Australian activity-based funding, it is unlikely that these gains will result in cost savings. Secondary care use mitigation is an area of promise for telehealth; however, many studies have not demonstrated overall cost savings due to the cost of administering and monitoring telehealth systems. Alternate funding models from telehealth systems have the potential to save the health system money in situations where the consumers pay out of pocket to receive services. Telementoring has had minimal economic evaluation; however, in the long term it is likely to result in inadvertent cost savings through the upskilling of generalist and allied health clinicians.

Conclusions

Health services considering implementing telehealth should be motivated by benefits other than cost reduction. The available evidence has indicated that although telehealth provides overwhelmingly positive patient benefits and increases productivity for many services, current evidence suggests that it does not routinely reduce the cost of care delivery for the health system.
The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pandemic of Lockdown Loneliness and the Role of Digital Technology
Authors: Shah Syed Ghulam Sarwar , Nogueras David , van Woerden Hugo Cornelis , Kiparoglou Vasiliki
Published: October 2020

The focus of this perspective is on lockdown loneliness, which we define as loneliness resulting from social disconnection as a result of enforced social distancing and lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also explore the role of digital technology in tackling lockdown loneliness amid the pandemic. In this regard, we highlight and discuss a number of the key relevant issues: a description of lockdown loneliness, the burden of lockdown loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic, characteristics of people who are more likely to be affected by lockdown loneliness, factors that could increase the risk of loneliness, lockdown loneliness as an important public health issue, tackling loneliness during the pandemic, digital technology tools for social connection and networking during the pandemic, assessment of digital technology tools from the end users’ perspectives, and access to and use of digital technology for tackling lockdown loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. We suggest that the most disadvantaged and vulnerable people who are more prone to lockdown loneliness are provided with access to digital technology so that they can connect socially with their loved ones and others; this could reduce loneliness resulting from social distancing and lockdowns during the COVID-19 crisis. Nonetheless, some key issues such as access to and knowledge of digital technology tools must be considered. In addition, the involvement of all key stakeholders (family and friends, social care providers, and clinicians and health allied professionals) should be ensured.
The “Crisis” and “Opportunity” of the Hosts in the New Media Environment
Authors: Hu Wenjing , Cao Fansheng
Published: October 2020

Along with the continuous progress of science and technology, in recent years, the improvement and optimization of the structure of the media and the rapid development of the network are promoting continuous changes in the media environment. New media has penetrated into people’s daily life and become an integral part of the whole social environment. As an indispensable component of the media industry, the host industry is facing challenges from many aspects in the new media environment, which requires the announcers and hosts to give full play to their subjective initiative, finding the “opportunity” in the “crisis”, keeping up with the pace of the times, embracing the emerging media, and grasping the needs of the audience, to produce high-quality content, so as to transform “crisis” into “opportunity”.
Minorities’ Diminish Returns of Parental Education in Reducing Childhood Body Mass Index
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: October 2020

Background: Considerable research has documented the effects of race and socioeconomic status (SES) on childhood body mass index (BMI) and obesity. However, less is known about the intersectional effects of race and family SES on childhood BMI. Purpose: This study tested racial by SES variation in BMI among American 9-10 years old children. Built on Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs), we expected a weaker family SES effect on childhood BMI for non-White than White and children. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, data came from the Children Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a national multi-center investigation of child development in the US. This study included 14881 BMI observations, 9-11-year-old children. The independent variables were family SES (parental education). Moderator was race. The primary outcome was BMI. Age, sex, ethnicity, and parental marital status were the covariates. To analyze the data, we used mixed-effect regression models. Results: High parental education and race were associated with BMI. We found an interaction between race and parental education with non-White children with highly educated parents still having a high BMI. Conclusions: For American children, BMI is shaped by the intersection of race, gender, and family SES. Children from highly educated families remain at risk of high BMI. Disparities in BMI and obesity should be approached through an intersectionality lens.
Lexical Meaning Translation of the Root Word in the Holy Qur’an; the Word “KATABA” an Example
Authors: Hussein El-Omari Abdallah
Published: October 2020

This study aims at investigating the translation of the lexical meaning of the root word verb in the Holy Quran. A relatively old and a contemporary translations of the meaning of the Holy Quran are employed to investigate the meaning of the word verb “KATABA”. These are George Sale’s and King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Quran’s translations of its meaning. The word appears eight times in six chapters (“suras” in Arabic) in the Holy Quran. The two translations give six synonyms for the word through the eight different contexts. The study finds that understanding the context, environment, and reason of revelation guide the translator find the proper equivalent of the Holy Quran word. It is also found that translating the Holy Quran with its miraculous and high linguistic style is not easy. Similarly, translating a word isolated out of its context will turn into a literal distorted text. Furthermore, it is also found that using footnotes and explanations is inevitable.
Short-line railroad managers discuss class I railroads
Authors: Johnson James C , McClure Diane J , Schneider Kenneth C , Wood Donald F
Published: October 2020

Managers/owners of short-line railroads were queried about three issues: (1) How would you describe your company’s business relationship with the Class I railroad(s) with which you interchange traffic; (2) Do you believe that mergers between Class I railroads have been good or bad for short-line railroads; and (3) Besides merger activity, what do you believe will be the most important trend for Class I railroads in the next 10 years?
Liberalization of international air transportation markets: the effect of terrorism on market trends
Authors: Rhoades Dawna L
Published: October 2020

Since the United States deregulated its airline industry with the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, the international air transport industry has been on a path toward market liberalization. Market changes have included entry, capacity, and pricing freedom as well as increased levels of foreign ownership. The recent terrorist acts of September 11, 2001 have the potential to alter, if not reverse this course. This paper examines the forces fueling the trend toward liberalization and analyzes the impact of recent events on the future prospects of open aviation markets.
Examining sources of driver turnover from a managerial perspective
Authors: Min Hokey
Published: October 2020

There is growing concern about the declining profitability of the U. S. trucking industry. Such concerns often stem from the increased difficulty of recruiting and retaining qualified drivers. In fact, the trucking industry has been hit hard by shortages of qualified truck drivers over the last two decades. To cope with this chronic problem, trucking firms have attempted to formulate various driver recruitment and retention strategies that include pay raises, bonuses, equipment improvement, and adjustments in working hours. This article provides trucking firms with the means to implement a more effective driver recruitment and retention strategy by examining sources of the driver shortage problem.
Global order status process of hi-tech companies
Authors: Chahal Jatinder S , Thomchick Evelyn
Published: October 2020

This paper focuses on the global order status process of high-tech companies. An effort has been made to understand how these companies approach their global order status process. Similarities and differences in their order status process are given. A brief history of tracking and tracing capabilities is also presented, highlighting FedEx and UPS. Some new trends in track and trace are also discussed.
Price negotiation strategies adopted by shippers of international air and ocean transportation
Authors: Baboo Padmapriya , Thomchick Evelyn
Published: October 2020

Government regulations in the international air and ocean shipping industry have undergone a wide range of new developments geared towards deregulation. These changes, coupled with the emergence of new technologies, have facilitated foreign trade operations leading to a substantial increase in international air and ocean cargo traffic in recent years. This study investigates the regulation reforms that have affected pricing techniques in both industries and their implications on the negotiation strategies adopted by shippers and carriers. The survey results identified that each shipping firm negotiated on a variety of issues and employed more than one strategy for negotiating price.
Common fare: an example of “blanket” rates in Hawai’i waterborne trade
Authors: Marcus Henry S , Bess H David , Valdez Michael E
Published: October 2020

"Blanket” rate structures apply uniform rates to a geographical region in spite of differences in the costs of carrying the goods. They are generally utilized by carriers to achieve some strategic objective, whether rate simplification, to be more competitive, or to meet some political objectives. While blanket rates are common in land transportation, the Hawai’i waterborne trade offers a unique example of this pricing mechanism. Further, given new and potential competitive factors in this trade, this is a unique case study for those interested in transportation pricing and the economic impacts of changes in the competitive struct ure in an isolated market.
Moving towards a resilient supply chain
Authors: Mascaritolo John , Holcomb Mary C
Published: October 2020

The nature of supply chain management—global in scope, the existence of interdependent activities in the various processes, the need for collaborative relationships between members, and the uncertainty that is inherent in both supply and demand - makes it vulnerable to unexpected events that have the potential to disrupt operations as planned. Disruptions to the supply chain can have a profound effect on the firm ranging from loss of revenue to increased costs when operations don’t proceed as planned. Firms realized that it was critical to their business interests to proactively manage, and even mitigate, the risks that are inherent in global supply chains.
Assessing the impact of the shortage of aviation maintenance technicians on air transportation
Authors: Waguespack Blaise P , Savic Aleksandar , Baker James S
Published: October 2020

Global aviation activity is poised for a decade of sustained growth. While economic difficulties are a fact of life in the aviation transportation industry, the future demand for aviation transportation services is promising. One factor that may greatly dampen this projected growth may be the lack of qualified aviation maintenance technicians (AMTs) necessary to keep the air transport fleet flying. This investigation examines the future of global aviation activity while presenting factors impacting the corresponding lack of growth in the AMT population that threaten the future of air transportation.
Los documentos como campo. Reflexiones teóricas-metodológicas sobre un informe etnográfico sobre los archivos y los documentos estatales
Authors: Muzzopappa Eva , Villalta Carla
Published: October 2020

En este artículo reflexionamos sobre las aproximaciones utilizadas en nuestras respectivas investigaciones, sobre las lógicas de funcionamiento de instituciones estatales diversas. En ambas, distintos tipos de documentos devinieron en una pieza central en la composición del campo. A partir de la descripción de los obstáculos  y de las precauciones adoptadas para su análisis, nuestro objetivo es dar cuenta de las formas en que los(as) antropólogos(as) abordamos fuentes escritas producidas y archivadas por instituciones del Estado, que portan por ello la fuerza de lo estatal (Bourdieu, 1996). Consideramos que esos documentos deben ser construidos como un campo de indagación en sí mismo.
Multiculturalismo y racismo
Authors: Wade Peter
Published: October 2020

Este ensayo repiensa el papel que desempeña la racialización en Latinoamérica, y la pone en relación con el multiculturalismo. El multiculturalismo oficial no necesariamente conduce a la disminución del racismo y puede quedarse en gestos retóricos. Es necesario enfocar el racismo y el concepto de raza como fenómenos con historia y fuerza social propias. En este artículo se mira cómo este concepto ha sido marginado en las discusiones sobre la desigualdad en Latinoamérica, y por qué es necesario ver a Latinoamérica como parte integral de las Américas negras. Además, cómo el concepto de raza se ha manifestado en Latinoamérica más de lo pensado. Se propone también que las cuestiones de raza y de racismo están ganando más espacio público en Colombia (y en Brasil). El multiculturalismo se tiene que entender como un campo de batalla, para definir sus efectos políticos.
Dos paradojas del multiculturalismo colombiano: la espacialización de la diferencia indígena y su aislamiento político
Authors: Bocarejo Diana
Published: October 2020

La práctica del multiculturalismo en Colombia se ejerce en el contexto de complejas disputas y reclamos provenientes de diferentes actores sociales, beneficiarios o no de derechos diferenciales. En este artículo se estudian dos paradojas de los arreglos políticos del multiculturalismo en Colombia, relacionadas con la forma como se espacializa la diferencia indígena; y con ellas, se examinan sus implicaciones políticas. La primera paradoja es la forma como se juzga quién es o no un sujeto indígena legal, utilizando como una de las características predominantes el que un indígena viva en “su” resguardo rural. La segunda paradoja es el aislamiento político que se ha configurado entre indígenas y campesinos. De esta forma, se pretende demostrar la relevancia de estudiar no solo las políticas culturales, sino también la cultura política que posibilita y construye el multiculturalismo.
Developing land-state maps of Tram Chim National Park in Vietnam based on monitoring results
Authors: Kovyazin V.F. , Dang Thi Lan Anh , Dang Viet Hung
Published: October 2020

Tram Chim National Park in Southern Vietnam is a wetland area included in the system of specially protected natural areas (SPNA). For the purposes of land monitoring, we studied Landsat-5 and Sentinel-2B images obtained in 1991, 2006 and 2019. The methods of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and water objects – normalized difference water index (NDWI) were used to estimate the vegetation in National Park. The allocated land is classifi ed by the maximum likelihood method in ENVI 5.3 into categories. For each image, a statistical analysis of the land after classifi cation was performed. Between 1991 and 2019, land changes occurred in about 57 % of the Tram Chim National Park total area. As a result, the wetland area has signifi cantly reduced there due to climate change. However, the area of Melaleuca forests in Tram Chim National Park has increased due to the effi ciency of reforestation in protected areas. Melaleuca forests are also being restored.
REPRESENTAÇÕES DE PODER EM MAYOMBE: “OS HOMENS SERÃO PRISIONEIROS DAS ESTRUTURAS QUE TERÃO CRIADO”
Authors: Machado Carolina Bezerra
Published: October 2020

Com a independência de Angola em 1975, se solidificou uma estrutura política em que o Estado/MPLA passou a ser o principal meio para a distribuição de benefícios e privilégios, contribuindo para o fortalecimento de uma política autoritária e patrimonialista. Sendo assim, o presente artigo tem por objetivo partir do romance Mayombe (1980), do escritor angolano Pepetela, para analisar o processo político em Angola em sua contemporaneidade. Compreende-se que as estruturas de poder existentes em Angola após a independência, já aparecem desenhadas nesse romance, tecido ainda na guerrilha. Do mesmo modo, aparecem os debates acerca da nação e identidade propaladas em meio ao Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA). Parte-se do pressuposto de que as contradições, ambivalências e acomodações de interesses presentes entre a sociedade angolana e o Estado já estavam sendo estruturadas internamente antes mesmo da independência.
Chronicle
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: October 2020

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Characteristics of measles immunity in students of the pediatric faculty of a medical university
Authors: Ivanov D. O. , Timchenko V. N. , Pavlova E. B. , Barakina E. V. , Chernova T. M. , Pavlova N. V. , Bulina O. V. , Nazarova A. N.
Published: October 2020

Objective: to evaluate the intensity of measles immunity in students of I–VI courses of the pediatric faculty of St. Petersburg State Medical University.

Materials and methods: titers of antibodies to measles virus were determined in 986 students of I–VI courses in May –June 2019. The level of measles antibodies was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: positive (protective) titres of measles antibodies were detected in 555 people. (56.4%), the absence of measles immunity was found in 431 people. (43.6%), including 57 people. (5.8%) specific antibodies were not detected. The relationship between the level of collective immunity and the duration of the period after the last vaccination against measles was revealed.

Conclusions: in the majority of examined students (96.2%), protective titers of measles antibodies remained for 10 years after the last vaccination. Subsequently, a significant decrease in the level of measles antibodies was noted. All students who do not have a protective IgG titer are shown measles vaccination with live measles vaccine in accordance with the instructions for use.
Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis: Comparison of Nugent´s and novel microscopic method
Authors: Nenadic Dane , Ribis Snezana , Pavlovic Milos , Baskic Dejan
Published: October 2020

Background/Aim. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common cause of vaginal discomfort in women. The aim of this study was to compare Nugent?s scoring system and novel microscopy method, introduced in our laboratory and used in BV diagnosis. Methods. This study included 705 pregnant and asymptomatic women between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. The degree of agreement between methods was determined by the kappa (?) index. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the novel microscopy method was compared to Nugent?s score as standard. Results. Based on the scoring system of both methods, Nugent?s and novel microscopy method, BV was diagnosed in 21% and 25% of women, respectively. Despite the disparities among diagnostic criteria, which mainly concerned classification of intermediary samples, the degree of agreement between categories, determined by ? index, was satisfactory: Nugent?s vs. novel microscopy method (? = 0.68; good agreement), and Nugent?s vs. novel microscopy method without intermediary results (? = 0.83; very good agreement). We also demonstrated that compared to Nugent?s method, as the golden standard, the novel microscopy method had high sensitivity and specificity (ranging from 75%?99.3%) and positive and negative predictive values (ranging from 88.8%?99.5%). Our method is based on a relative number of bacterial morphotypes, either rod forms (? 1.5 ?m, lactobacilli) or non-rod forms (< 1.5 ?m, bacterial vaginosis associated bacteria) under 200? magnification, which extends the surface of examined preparation, but without prolongation of observer?s working time. Conclusion. The novel microscopy method in diagnosing BV corresponded well with Nugent?s scoring system which allows it to be an alternative method in diagnosing BV. Further-more, the novel microscopy method is based on a relative number of bacterial morphotypes that appeared to be flexible and can be reorganized in the way to categorize findings into only two groups: normal and BV, which makes it comparable to dichotomous Amsel?s clinical criterion.
The Value of Academic Directors to Stakeholders: Evidence on Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
Authors: Huang Hsin-Yi , Lee Cheng-Hsun , Liao Chih-Hsien
Published: October 2020

This study explores the regulatory setting in Taiwan and examines the association between academic directors and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. We find that firms with academic directors on their boards are more likely to issue standalone CSR reports and to obtain third-party assurance on such reports. We also demonstrate that an academic director's university prestige as well as industry expertise both have incremental positive effects on CSR reporting. Additional analysis further suggests that a firm's CSR reporting is better valued by the capital market when the firm has academic directors, consistent with academic directors strengthening investors' perceptions regarding the credibility of voluntarily disclosed CSR information. Our finding that the presence of academic directors can promote better CSR reporting indicates that academic directors contribute not only to shareholder value, but also to wider stakeholder interests.
Sustained impact of real-time continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy: Results after 24 months RESCUE study
Authors: Charleer Sara , Block Christophe De , Nobels Frank , Radermecker Régis P. , Lowyck Ine , Mullens Annelies , Scarnière Denis , Spincemaille Katrien , Strivay Marie , Weber Eric , Taes Youri , Vercammen Chris , Keymeulen Bart , Mathieu Chantal , Gillard Pieter , investigators the RESCUE trial
Published: October 2020

Objective:
In recent years, a growing number of people with type 1 diabetes have access to
real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM). Long-term benefits of rtCGM
are unclear due to lack of large studies of long duration. We evaluated whether
real-world rtCGM-use up to 24 months offered benefits, in particular to those
living with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH).

Research Design and
Methods: This 24-month, prospective, observational, cohort
study followed 441 adults with
insulin pumps receiving full reimbursement for rtCGM. Forty-two percent had IAH.
Primary endpoint was evolution of HbA1c, with secondary endpoints
change in acute hypoglycemia complications, diabetes-related work absenteeism,
and quality of life (QOL) scores. Additionally, we evaluated if people could
achieve glycemic consensus targets during follow-up.

Results:
After 24 months, HbA1c remained significantly lower compared to
baseline (7.64% [60 mmol/mol] vs 7.37% [57 mmol/mol], p<0.0001). Sustained benefits
were also observed for the score on the hypoglycemia fear survey and hypoglycemia-related
acute complications irrespective of hypoglycemia awareness level. People with IAH
had the strongest improvement, especially for severe hypoglycemia (862 events
year before vs 119 events per 100 patient-years in second year, p<0.0001).
Over 24 months, more people were able to meet hypoglycemia consensus targets at
the expense of slightly less people achieving hyperglycemia consensus targets.
Furthermore, the number of people with HbA1c <7% (<53
mmol/mol) without severe hypoglycemia events more than doubled (11.0% vs 25.4%,
p<0.0001).

Conclusion:
Use of rtCGM led to sustained improvements in hypoglycemia-related glucose
control over 24 months. Lower fear of hypoglycemia, less acute hypoglycemia-related
events and diabetes-related days off work were observed, particularly in those with
IAH.
Characteristics of clinical and anamnestic data and of condition of primary hemostasis in chronic diseases of liver in children
Authors: Konovalova Ekaterina Yu. , Lavrova Alla E. , Presnyakova Marina V.
Published: October 2020

Aim. To perform a comparative analysis of clinical and anamnestic data and of the condition of primary hemostasis in chronic liver diseases in children and to identify additional informative diagnostic criteria that reflect severity of the course of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and chronic viral hepatitis C (CVHC) in children.
Materials and Methods. 91 Patients from 3 to 7 years old were examined, of them: 60 children with AIH and 31 children with CVHC. The control group included 15 children of I and II health groups. In all the patients the clinic-anamnestic data and the condition of the primary hemostasis were evaluated. Concentrations of endothelin-1 and homocysteine, activity of Willebrand factor, amount of platelets and their aggregation activity were determined.
Results. AIH is characterized by a more aggressive course as compared to CVHC manifested by clinical signs of a severe liver damage, significant biochemical changes and a high rate of fibrosis within the first two years. In all the children there were found disorders in the primary hemostasis interrelated with the main clinical and laboratory syndromes reflecting the severity of the liver damage. AIH is characterized by a higher concentration of homocysteine (р=0.007) and of the activity of Willebrand factor (р=0.037) in comparison with CVHC.
Conclusions. Signs of a severe liver damage are not characteristic of children with CVHC in the first 10 years of the disease, however, disorders of the primary hemostasis are present characterized by hyperaggregation of platelets and by endothelial dysfunction. AIH in children is characterized by aggressive course and more pronounced deviations of the primary hemostasis in comparison with CVHC. In AIH and CVHC, the pathology of the primary hemostasis is closely related to some clinical-laboratory symptoms that reflect severity of the disease.
Immediate and long-term results of carotid endarterectomy in different periods of ischemic stroke
Authors: Kazantsev Anton N. , Chernykh Konstantin P. , Zarkua Nona E. , Lider Roman Yu. , Burkova Ekaterina A. , Bagdavadze Goderzi Sh. , Kalinin Evgeny Yu. , Zaitseva Tatyana E. , Chikin Aleksander E. , Linets Yuriy P. , Kubachev Kubach G.
Published: October 2020

Aim. Analysis of hospital and long-term results of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in different periods of acute cerebrovascular event (ACVE).
Materials and Methods. The given study was retrospective and was conducted using the method of patients sampling. In the period from 2010 to 2019, 1113 patients with ACVE in history who were later conducted CEA, were selected. Depending on the time interval between the last ACVE and CAE, all the patients were divided into 4 groups: the 1st group in the acutest period of ACVE (1-3 days) (n=24; 2.2%); the 2nd group in the acute period of ACVE (up to 28 days) (n=493; 44.3%); the 3rd group in the early rehabilitation period of ACVE (up to 6 months) (n=481; 43.2%); the 4th group in the late rehabilitation period of ACVE (up to 2 years) (n=115; 10.3%). The long-term period was 34.812.5 months.
Results. In the hospitalization period of observation the following complications were found: lethal outcome ((group 1 0%; group 2 0.4% (n=2); group 3 0.2% (n=1); group 4 0%; р=0.16)); myocardial infarction ((group 1 0%; group 2 0.4% (n=2); group 3 0%; group 4 0.9% (n=1); р=0.35)); ACVE/transient ischemic attack (TIA), ((group 1 4.2% (n=1); group 2 0.4% (n=2); group 3 0.2% (n=1); group 4 0%; р1-2=0.01; р1-3=0.009; р1-4=0.01)). By the end of hospitalization period the composite endpoint consisting of lethal outcome + myocardial infarction + ACVE/TIA made in group 1 4.2% (n=1), in group 2 1.2% (n=6), in group 3 0.4% (n=2), in group 4 2.6% (n=3), р=0.08. Complications of the long-term follow-up period were: lethal outcome from all causes ((group 1 25% (n=6); group 2 5.5% (n=27); group 3 7.3% (n=35); group 4 14% (n=16); р1-2=0.002; р1-3=0.008; р2-4=0.012)); lethal outcome from cardiovascular causes ((group 1 4.2% (n=1); group 2 3.6% (n=18); group 3 4.8% (n=23); group 4 5.2% (n=6); р=0.79)), myocardial infarction ((group 1 12.5% (n=3); group 2 3.6% (n=18); group 3 5.4% (n=26); group 4 6.1% (n=7); р=0.15)), ACVE/TIA ((group 1 16.6% (n=4); group 2 6.3% (n=31); group 3 6% (n=29); group 4 11.3% (n=13); р=0.05)); composite endpoint including lethal outcome + myocardial infarction + ACVE/TIA ((group 1 54.2% (n=13); group 2 15.4% (n=76); group 3 18.7% (n=90); group 4 31.3% (n=36); р1-2=0.0001; р1-3=0.0001; р1-4=0.005; р2-4=0.0006; р3-4=0.012)).
Conclusion. Application of CEA demonstrated effectiveness and safety in the acute and early rehabilitation period of ACVE.
Determination of clinical efficiency of deproteinized dialysate from blood of milk-fed calves after endoprosthetics in patients with ventral hernias
Authors: Ivanov Sergej V. , Ivanov Ilya S. , Obyedkov Evgenij G. , Popova Liliya P.
Published: October 2020

Aim. To study the influence of deproteinized dialysate from blood of milk-fed calves on the type of exudative discharge and dynamics of inflammatory reaction after hernia repair with plastics of the anterior abdominal wall with hernioendoprosthesis of polypropylene.
Materials and Methods. The study involved 59 patients being on stationary treatment in the surgical department of Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital. Patients were hospitalized for the herniation of small or medium dimension. The patients were divided to two groups: the main (n=30) and control (n=29) groups. After endoprosthetics, the patients of the control group were given complex conservative treatment. The patients of the main group, besides standard treatment, were administered deproteinized dialysate from blood of milk-fed calves intravenously in drips 10 ml + 200 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution within 7 days. For cytological examination and determination of the type of cytograms, the traumatic discharge was collected and analyzed using the method of M.F. Kamaev and M.A. Palthsev.
Results. Cytomorphometric examination was conducted on the third, fifth and seventh day after endoprosthetics with the aim of studying dynamic changes. Determination of cell composition and also of its changes characteristic of each studied period, was necessary for obtaining further information characterizing inflammatory process in the region of placement of the endoprosthesis. After endoprosthetics in patients who were administered hemodialysate, the inflammatory reaction was less pronounced than in patients who did not receive the preparation. This was associated with a more dynamic change of stages of the inflammatory process. In patients of the main group who received deproteinized dialysate, regenerative type of inflammation first appeared on the fifth day and made 6.9%; by the seventh day the share of patients with the regenerative type rose to 17.5%, while in the patients of the control group no regeneration stage was observed in both periods.
Conclusion. Analysis of the efficiency of influence of hemodialysate on the inflammatory reaction in plastics of the anterior abdominal wall with polypropylene endoprosthesis evidences faster course of all stages of inflammation and reduction of its intensity by 10%.
Prospects in treatment of multiple sclerosis: near future
Authors: Sheiko Gennadii E. , Belova Anna N. , Kudykin Maksim N.
Published: October 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a widespread dysimmune-neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system of unclear etiology. Despite significant achievements in the therapy of MS, the level of progressing disability and early mortality remains alarmingly high. The main aim of the given review is to give a detailed description of new promising medical drugs for treatment of MS. In the article the data of preclinical and clinical trials are given, presumptive mechanisms of the medical drugs under development are described. Development of new therapeutic approaches in treatment of MS is of great interest in modern science. The given review highlights new methods of treatment that are now undergoing clinical trialы and will probably come to the clinical practice in the near future.
Role of exosomes in diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer
Authors: Fontana Fabrizio , Babenko Olga A.
Published: October 2020

Aim of this letter is to attract the attention of journal readers to the study of exosomes as an important direction in the development of Oncology, in particular, in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Exosomes are produced by tumor cells and regulate proliferation, metastasis, and the development of chemoresistance. Their extraction from biological fluids allows further use of these vesicles as potential biomarkers of prostate cancer. In the future, exosomes can be successfully used in the delivery of drugs and other anti-tumor substances to cancer cells.
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   Lviv polytechnic National University, Kylchitskiy A. , Tretyak K. R. ,   Lviv polytechnic National University, Golubinka Y. I. ,   Lviv polytechnic National University
Published: October 2020

Detailed geodynamic model of lithosphere of Ukrainian Antarctic station “Academic Vernadskyy” area is given which is made on the basis of processing of results of GPS-measurements and the geologo-geophysical data taken during the works of 8th and 10th Ukrainian Antarctic Expeditions. The local and regional components of geodynamic influence on investigated territory tectonics are picking out.
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   Poltava gravimetric observatory of the Subotin Institute of Geophysics of NAS of Ukraine, Pavlyk V.G.
Published: October 2020

Values of seasonal hydrothermal vertical movements of earth's surface on different depths for mean loamy soil and sand are given. The main hydrometeorological factors causing periodic vertical movements of earth's surface are investigated.
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   Institute of Volcanology and Seismology Far Eastern Branch RAS, Yarotskiy G.P.
Published: October 2020

Earthquakes on the south-west of Koryak highlands are connected with a block-key tectonics of lithosphere of marine transital of north-eastern margin of Eurasia and the block-key structure of its strata. The cloud of shocks of three strong earthquakes: Koryak`s (13.10.1988), Khailin`s (8.03.1991) and Olutor`s (20.04.2006) is located over the downfold of lithosphere bottom with drop of depths equal to 15-20 km. Preparation for the seismic events evolution to the north-eastward is possible.
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   Lviv State University of Life Safety, Starodub Yu. P. ,   Scientific-Research Institute ",   Naukanaftogaz", Karpenko O.V. ,   Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine)
Published: October 2020

In the paper the implementation of energy wave field analysis approach for developed informational model of the geological medium is considered. The solutions of seismic inverse problem are presented, which involves geophysical parameters obtaining of geological medium with the use of field seismic data. In order to obtain geological and geophysical environmental parameters the number of wave field transformations are being carried out, conventionally divided into primary and final part (interpretation). Interpretational phase of wave fields’ transformation involves usage of the elaborated mathematical algorithms.