bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BODIPY-conjugated bis-terpyridine Ru(ii) complexes showing ultra-long luminescence lifetimes and applications to triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion
Authors: Yu Xingke , Gao Fanrui , Zhao Weiyi , Lai Hongxia , Wei Lingling , Yang Cheng , Wu Wanhua
Published: May 2022

Two novel BODIPY-conjugated bis-terpyridine Ru(ii) complexes were synthesized, with one showing the longest luminescence lifetime among the current terpyridine Ru(ii) complexes.
Real-time monitoring of magnetic nanoparticle-assisted nanoplastic agglomeration and separation from water
Authors: Groppe Philipp , Wintzheimer Susanne , Eigen Andreas , Gaß Henrik , Halik Marcus , Mandel Karl
Published: May 2022

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are used as remediation agents against nanoplastic pollutants. Magnetic particle spectroscopy is utilized as an advanced characterization method and limits of the approach are highlighted.
One-pot chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycolic acid from formaldehyde
Authors: Li Tianzhen , Tan Zijian , Tang Zijing , Liu Pi , Liu Haifeng , Zhu Leilei , Ma Yanhe
Published: May 2022

Enzymatic carboligation coupled with selective oxidation converts formaldehyde to glycolic acid, a monomer of biodegradable polymers.
A roundabout strategy for high-purity glycolic acid biopreparation via a resting cell bio-oxidation catalysis of ethylene glycol
Authors: Yu Qiang , Hua Xia , Zhou Xin , Xu Bin , Wang Huan , Xu Yong
Published: May 2022

High-purity glycolic acid (GA) is a necessary building block unit of medical materials which provides a promising value-added utilization of ethylene glycol (EG).
Fabrication of copper supported porous silica–alumina hollow spheres for catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide
Authors: Umegaki Tetsuo , Dobashi Miho , Komuro Tsubasa , Kojima Yoshiyuki
Published: May 2022

Copper supported porous silica–alumina hollow sphere catalysts were prepared using surfactant micelles to control the size distribution of interparticle spaces in the hollow sphere shells.
Covalent organic frameworks based on tetraphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and metalloporphyrin for electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO
Authors: Gong Lei , Chen Baotong , Gao Ying , Yu Baoqiu , Wang Yinhai , Han Bin , Lin Chenxiang , Bian Yongzhong , Qi Dongdong , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: May 2022

The as-prepared TPPDA-CoPor-COF shows high CO faradic efficiencies of 87–90% from −0.6 to −0.9 V vs. RHE, and the largest CO partial current density of TPPDA-CoPor-COF exceeds most of reported COF-based electrocatalysts.
Expanding the hydride chemistry: antiperovskites A3MO4H (A = Rb, Cs; M = Mo, W) introducing the transition oxometalate hydrides
Authors: Mutschke Alexander , Schulz Annika , Bertmer Marko , Ritter Clemens , Karttunen Antti J. , Kieslich Gregor , Kunkel Nathalie
Published: May 2022

The synthesis, structures and electronic properties of the first four heteroanionic compounds containing both hydride and transition oxometalate ions are reported.
IDH mutation and cancer stem cell
Authors: Zhang Yang , Liu Yang , Lang Fengchao , Yang Chunzhang
Published: May 2022

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of cells in human malignancies that resemble the biology of human pluripotent stem cells. CSCs are closely related to the critical hallmarks in human cancers, ranging from oncogenesis to disease progression, therapeutic resistance, and overall outcome. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) were recently identified as founder mutations for human cancers. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that IDH mutations are closely related to the establishment and maintenance of CSCs. Biosynthesis of oncometabolite, metabolic reprogramming, and epigenetic shifts establish distinctive molecular signatures in IDH-mutated CSCs. Additionally, IDH mutation and IDH-related pathways could be valuable molecular targets to impact the CSC components in human cancers and to improve the disease outcome.
Allied Health Professionals' Views on the Use of 3D Food Printing to Improve the Mealtime Quality of Life for People With Dysphagia: Impact, Cost, Practicality, and Potential
Authors: Smith Rebecca , Bryant Lucy , Hemsley Bronwyn
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Much is promised in relation to the use of three-dimensional (3D) food printing to create visually appealing texture-modified foods for people with dysphagia, but little is known of its feasibility. This study aimed to explore the perspective of allied health professionals on the feasibility of using 3D food printing to improve quality of life for people with dysphagia.

Method:

Fifteen allied health professionals engaged in one of four 2-hr online focus groups to discuss 3D food printing for people with dysphagia. They discussed the need to address the visual appeal of texture-modified foods and watched a video of 3D food printing to inform their discussions on its feasibility. Focus group data were transcribed verbatim, de-identified, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Participants verified summaries of the researchers' interpretation of the themes in the data.

Results:

Participants suggested that 3D food printing could improve the mealtime experience for people with dysphagia but noted several barriers to its feasibility, including the time and effort involved in printing the food and in cleaning the printer. They were not convinced that 3D-printed food held higher visual appeal or looked enough like the “real food” it represented.

Conclusions:

Allied health professionals considered that 3D food printing could benefit people with dysphagia by reducing the negative impacts of poorly presented texture-modified foods. However, they also considered that feasibility barriers could impede uptake and use of 3D food printers. Further research should consider the views of people with dysphagia and address barriers reported in this study.
Memristor‐based disturbance rejection control for port‐Hamiltonian systems with locally fixed‐time convergence
Authors: Liu Xinggui , Zhao Mei
Published: May 2022

The memristor is added to the port‐Hamiltonian systems to improve the disturbance suppression performance in this paper. The concepts of locally fixed‐time stability and locally fixed‐time control of port‐Hamiltonian systems are presented. From this starting point, two novel memristor‐based locally fixed‐time controllers are designed to suppress the external disturbance of port‐Hamiltonian systems via the interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control technique. Comparing with the classical interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control methodology without memristor, there are some advantages. First, the settling‐time related to the memristor‐based controllers in stabilizing the same port‐Hamiltonian systems are shorter. Second, the memristor‐based controllers can make the oscillation in the case of the strong periodic disturbance be better suppressed. Theoretical analysis shows that the memristor‐based controller possesses good disturbance rejection performance owing to it can make the system states in a neighbourhood accelerate convergence to the desired equilibrium point. Two illustrative examples show that the theoretical results and the controllers designed in this paper work very well.
Scene classification for remote sensing images with self‐attention augmented CNN
Authors: Liu Zongyin , Dong Anming , Yu Jiguo , Han Yubing , Zhou You , Zhao Kai
Published: May 2022

Remote sensing scene classification aims to automatically assign a specific semantic label to each image. It is challenging to classify remote sensing scene images due to the images' diversity and rich spatial information. Recently, convolutional neural networks have been widely used to overcome these difficulties, such as the famous Visual Geometry Group (VGG) network. However, the VGG network with local receptive fields cannot model the global information of remote sensing images well. It also needs a large number of parameters and floating point operations to achieve satisfactory accuracy. To overcome these challenges, we introduce the self‐attention mechanism to the VGG network. Specifically, we replace the last four convolutional layers in the VGG‐19 network with two cascaded self‐attention blocks, each consisting of two multi‐head self‐attention (MHSA) layers with the residual network structure. The new structure can simultaneously explore the local and global information from remote sensing scenes. Such improvements not only reduce model parameters but also improve the classification performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through experiments on four public data sets, i.e., NaSC‐TG2, WHU‐RS19, AID and EuroSAT.
Measuring precise radial velocities on individual spectral lines
Authors: Al Moulla K. , Dumusque X. , Cretignier M. , Zhao Y. , Valenti J. A.
Published: May 2022

Context. To enable radial velocity (RV) precision on the order of ~0.1 m s−1 required for the detection of Earth-like exoplanets orbiting solar-type stars, the main obstacle lies in mitigating the impact of stellar activity.

Aims. This study investigates the dependence of derived RVs with respect to the formation temperature of spectral line segments.

Methods. Using spectral synthesis, we computed the stellar temperature below which 50% of the emergent flux originates for each observed wavelength point of unblended spectral lines. We then constructed RV time series for different temperature ranges using template matching.

Results. With HARPS-N solar data and HARPS α Cen B measurements, we demonstrate on time intervals of prominent stellar activity that the activity-induced RV signal has different amplitude and periodicity depending on the temperature range considered. We compare the solar measurements with simulated contributions from active surface regions seen in simultaneous images, and find that the suppression of convective motion is the dominant effect.

Conclusions. From a carefully selected set of spectral lines, we are able to measure the RV impact of stellar activity at various stellar temperatures ranges. We are able to strongly correlate the effect of convective suppression with spectral line segments formed in hotter temperature ranges. At cooler temperatures, the derived RVs exhibit oppositely directed variations compared to the average RV time series and stronger anticorrelations with chromospheric emission.
Detection of eccentric close-binary supermassive black holes with incomplete interferometric data
Authors: Kovačević Andjelka B. , Songsheng Yu-Yang , Wang Jian-Min , Popović Luka Č.
Published: May 2022

Context.Recent studies have proposed that General Relativity Analysis via VLT InTerferometrY upgrade (GRAVITY+) on board the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) is able to trace the circular orbit of the subparsec (≲0.1 pc) close-binary supermassive black holes (CB-SMBHs) by measuring the photo-centre variation of the hot dust emission. However, the CB-SMBHs orbit may become highly eccentric throughout the evolution of these objects, and the orbital period may be far longer than the observational time baseline.

Aims.We investigate the problem of detecting the CB-SMBH with hot dust emission and high eccentricity (eCB-SMBH,e= 0.5) when the observed time baselines of their astrometric data and radial velocities are considerably shorter than the orbital period.

Methods.The parameter space of the Keplerian model of theeCB-SMBH is large for exploratory purposes. We therefore applied the Bayesian method to fit orbital elements of theeCB-SMBH to combine radial velocity and astrometric data covering a small fraction of the orbital period.

Results.We estimate that a number of potentialeCB-SMBH systems within reach of GRAVITY+ will be similar to the number of planned circular targets. We show that using observational time baselines that cover ≳10% of the orbit increases the possibility of determining the period, eccentricity, and total mass of aneCB-SMBH. When the observational time baseline becomes too short (~5%), the quality of the retrievedeCB-SMBH parameters degrades. We also illustrate how interferometry may be used to estimate the photo-centre at theeCB-SMBH emission line, which could be relevant for GRAVITY+ successors. Even if the astrometric signal foreCB-SMBH systems is reduced by a factor of√(1 - e2)compared to circular ones, we find that the hot dust emission ofeCB-SMBHs can be traced by GRAVITY+ at the elementary level.
A study of quenching approaches to optimize ultrasonic spray coated perovskite layers scalable for PV
Authors: Silvano Joao , Sala Jacopo , Merckx Tamara , Kuang Yinghuan , Verding Pieter , D'Haen Jan , Aernouts Tom , Vermang Bart , Deferme Wim
Published: May 2022

Perovskite materials have gathered increased interest over the last decade. Their rapidly rising efficiency, coupled with the compatibility with solution processing and thin film technology has put perovskite solar cells (PSC) on the spotlight of photovoltaic research. On top of that, band gap tunability via composition changes makes them a perfect candidate for tandem applications, allowing for further harvest of the solar irradiation spectrum and improved power conversion efficiency (PCE). In order to convert all these advantages into large scale production and have increased dissemination in the energy generation market, perovskite fabrication must be adapted and optimized with the use of high throughput, continuous processes, such as ultrasonic spray coating (USSC). In this paper we investigate the ultrasonically spray coated perovskite layers for photovoltaic applications, with particular focus on the quenching-assisted crystallization step. Different quenching techniques are introduced to the process and compared in terms of final layer morphology and cell performance. Finally, gas quenching is used with the large-scale-compatible deposition and allows the production of perovskite solar cells with PCE >15%.
Research on Financial Market Risks Based on VaR Model
Authors: Wang Rongming
Published: May 2022

With the continuous development of the Internet financial industry, its impact on people's daily life is growing. Under the influence of the information technology and the financial innovation, the volatility of the financial market has been significantly enhanced, and the financial risk has become increasingly serious. The COVID-19 in 2020 still has a profound impact on the global financial market. The reasonable measurement of the financial risks is the most important step in the financial risk management. Based on the sample analysis of the Standard & Poor's 500 Index from January 3, 2013 to June 30, 2020, this paper measures the risks by analyzing and calculating the value at risk (VaR) of the sample data by different methods. This paper mainly establishes the ARMA model, the GARCH model based on bayese statistics, and the POT model based on the extreme value theory, and compares and analyzes the VaR values obtained by the three models. Finally, the effectiveness of VaR is tested by VaR backtracking test, and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods are compared and evaluated.
Artificial Intelligence Platform Construction and Integration Based on Multi-sensor Fusion
Authors: Wu Hongsheng , Hu Junwang
Published: May 2022

Sensor is an important source of data transmission, through the integration of mechanical radar, inertial measurement unit and other sensors, building an artificial intelligence platform, will effectively save data information. By taking advantage of sensor fusion, the data of gyroscope and accelerometer are transferred to the background, and then the time stamp of artificial intelligence platform is aligned to get useful and usable information. By combining the mechanical radar and millimeter wave radar, an artificial intelligence platform is built, which makes full use of the synergetic advantage of the related sensors, captures the data information independently and saves it according to the time stamp. This paper focuses on the construction and integration of artificial intelligence platform based on multi-sensor fusion.
Mental Health, Cognitive Ability and Family Income—Empirical Analysis Based on the Follow-up Survey of Chinese Households
Authors: Gu Yizhou
Published: May 2022

This article uses the 2018 Chinese Family Tracking Survey data to empirically analyze the impact of mental health on family income and explore the mediating role of cognitive ability. The results show that for every 1% reduction in the family's mental unhealthy degree measured by the CES-D8 score, the family income level will increase by 1.7%-1.9%. After adding the pre-determined explanatory variable 2016 mental state level and other operations, use the filtered loneliness As an instrumental variable, the same conclusion was obtained by performing 2-stage least squares; the results of indirect calculation show that the mediating effect of cognitive ability is about 16.96% of the total effect of mental health affecting family income level; in terms of heterogeneity analysis, Researched that the impact of mental health problems at different family income levels is different. The marginal effect of the mental health impact of low-income families is as high as -2.9%. The mental health status of the family finance chief has a significant impact on the income of the entire family , Especially low-income families.
Tooth auto-transplantation to close an oro-sinusal communication using a 3D printed model to adapt the alveolar socket: a case report
Authors: Lucidarme Quentin , Deshors Alexandre , Lescaille Géraldine , Baaroun Vanessa , Mondoloni Marine
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Tooth auto-transplantation has a high success rate therapy when limiting the extra-oral time of the graft. In this way, printing a 3D model of the germ can be a useful tool in order to prepare the receiving site. Observation: We treated a case of post extractional oro-sinusal communication closure using a 3D pattern to adapt the alveolar socket receiving the wisdom tooth auto-transplantation. Comment: Extra-oral time spent by the graft was under 15 seconds improving the chance of success. After one year follow up, the graft is vital, functional and it continued its root formation. Conclusion: 3D printing seems to be an effective technique to minimize surgical time leading to a higher rate of success for auto-transplantation therapies.
An improved adaptive genetic algorithm
Authors: Han Shifen , Xiao Li
Published: May 2022

Genetic algorithm is a classic intelligent bionic algorithm, which is evolved according to the genetic evolution process of organisms in nature, and has strong global optimization ability. Firstly, this paper expounds the basic principle of genetic algorithm, which comes from the viewpoint of “survival of the fittest and survival of the fittest” in Darwin’s theory of evolution, introduces the main characteristics of the algorithm, and summarizes the shortcomings of the algorithm. Based on the specific running steps of genetic algorithm, aiming at the shortcomings of genetic algorithm, an improved adaptive genetic algorithm is proposed. Finally, an example is used for simulation. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm has certain advantages.
The single supervisory mechanism and the European framework for the enforcement of competition law: a comparison between two models for economic governance in the EU
Authors: Annunziata Filippo , Maggiolino Mariateresa
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes to develop a parallel reading of the banking supervision system and the framework for the enforcement of competition law, with the purpose of setting out points of convergence and divergence between the two, analyzing their institutional architecture and various issues pertaining to the relevant, applicable law. This approach might prove fruitful for a better understanding of each of the two systems, and for filling the gaps left open and unresolved by legislative texts. It might also offer some contribution in view of a more general analysis of the key-issues that those who design the systems meant to govern the European economy should consider.
Dynamic mapping of cholera outbreak during the Yemeni Civil War, 2016–2019
Authors: Simpson Ryan B. , Babool Sofia , Tarnas Maia C. , Kaminski Paulina M. , Hartwick Meghan A. , Naumova Elena N.
Published: May 2022

Widespread destruction from the Yemeni Civil War (2014–present) triggered the world’s largest cholera outbreak. We compiled a comprehensive health dataset and created dynamic maps to demonstrate spatiotemporal changes in cholera infections and war conflicts. We aligned and merged daily, weekly, and monthly epidemiological bulletins of confirmed cholera infections and daily conflict events and fatality records to create a dataset of weekly time series for Yemen at the governorate level (subnational regions administered by governors) from 4 January 2016 through 29 December 2019. We demonstrated the use of dynamic mapping for tracing the onset and spread of infection and manmade factors that amplify the outbreak. We report curated data and visualization techniques to further uncover associations between infectious disease outbreaks and risk factors and to better coordinate humanitarian aid and relief efforts during complex emergencies.
Study of minority carrier traps in p-GaN gate HEMT by optical deep level transient spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Jiaxiang , Huang Wei , Qu Haolan , Zhang Yu , Zhou Jianjun , Chen Baile , Zou Xinbo
Published: May 2022

Properties of minority carrier (electron) traps in Schottky type p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistors were explicitly investigated by optical deep level transient spectroscopy (ODLTS). By temperature-scanning ODLTS, three electron traps, namely, E1, E2, and E3, were revealed, together with activation energy, capture cross section, and trap concentration. A thermally accelerated electron-releasing process of traps was quantitatively studied by Laplace ODLTS with individual emission time constant disclosed. At 300 K, the emission time constant was determined to be 0.21 and 1.40 s for E2 and E3, respectively, which adjacently existed in the bandgap and held activation energies of over 0.6 eV. As varying the optical injection pulse duration, a three-dimensional mapping of capacitance transient was obtained for each trap, attesting to the electron capture capability of each trap. By varying the reverse bias, the analysis of the ODLTS signal amplitude indicates that all three electron traps are located inside the p-GaN layer rather than the surface defect related.
Vertical confinement effects on a fully developed turbulent shear layer
Authors: Akao Takumi , Watanabe Tomoaki , Nagata Koji
Published: May 2022

The effects of vertical confinement on a turbulent shear layer are investigated with large-eddy simulations of a freely developing shear layer (FSL) and a wall-confined shear layer (WSL) that develops between two horizontal walls. In the case of the WSL, the growth of the shear layer is inhibited by the walls. Once the walls prevent the development of the shear layer, highly anisotropic velocity fluctuations become prominent in the flow. These anisotropic velocity fluctuations are recognized as elongated large-scale structures (ELSS), whose streamwise length is much larger than the length scales in the other directions. Spectral analysis confirms that the turbulent kinetic energy is dominated by the ELSS, whose streamwise length grows continuously. A proper orthogonal decomposition can effectively extract a velocity component associated with the ELSS. The isotropy of the Reynolds stress tensor is changed by the presence of the ELSS. These changes in flow characteristics due to the ELSS are not observed in the FSL, where the shear layer thickness increases continuously. These behaviors of the WSL are consistent with those of stably stratified shear layers (SSSLs), where flow structures similar to ELSS also develop when the vertical flow development is confined by the stable stratification. The vertical confinement by the walls or stable stratification strengthens mean shear effects. The flow behavior at large scales in the WSL and SSSL is consistent with rapid distortion theory for turbulence subject to mean shear, suggesting that the development of ELSS is caused by the mean shear.
Dependence of subhourly solar variability statistics on time interval and cloud vertical position
Authors: Zamora Zapata Mónica , Kleissl Jan
Published: May 2022

Solar variability corresponds to strong variations of the solar irradiance, caused mainly by the presence of clouds. Practical uses of solar resource data, such as the design of photovoltaic solar plants, usually employ several years of hourly data, neglecting subhourly features. The effect of clouds on short-time variability can differ by cloud type, suggesting that some cloud effects could be ignored when working with hourly data. In this work, we compare statistics of solar variability calculated at different time intervals and separate the analysis by cloud categories. We use 1 min solar data and cloud radar products from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) cloud, aerosol, and complex terrain interactions campaign in Córdoba, Argentina, where a wide variety of clouds exist. We classify the clouds based on their vertical position and observe solar variability using the mean and standard deviation of the clear sky index for varying time intervals of 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. Time intervals affect the mean and standard deviation of the clear sky index differently for each cloud type: longer time intervals neglect small variability and overestimate the mean clear sky index of low and mid-clouds, while high clouds do not change as much. The effect is also palpable when measuring ramps: the percentile 95 of the ramps obtained for 1 min is 21 times greater compared to 1 h. This ratio varies per cloud type with the strongest differences occurring for mid-clouds, having ramps that are 73 times stronger.
Recommended Correlations for the Surface Tension of Aromatic, Polyfunctional, and Glyceride Esters
Authors: Mulero A. , Cachadiña I. , Vegas A.
Published: May 2022

Surface tension values for 79 esters, including aromatics, polyfunctional, and glycerides, have been compiled from databases, books, and papers in the literature. The data have been carefully screened, and finally, 1517 values were selected. Each fluid dataset has been fitted with the Guggenheim–Katayama correlation with two or four adjustable parameters. Recommended correlations are proposed for each ester, providing mean absolute deviations below 0.50 mN/m for 77 of them, mean absolute percentage deviations below 1.7% for 76 of them, and percentage deviations below 10%, except for four data out of the 59 selected for tricaprylin. The highest deviations found are due to the disagreement between the data obtained from different sources and not to an inadequate mathematical form of the correlation model. These correlations are added to the collection of those previously proposed for different fluids, including common substances, alcohols, refrigerants, organic acids, n-alkanes, and 80 other esters.
Photo-oxygenation of water media using photoactive plasmonic nanocomposites
Authors: Saratovskii A. S. , Senchik K. Yu. , Karavaeva A. V. , Evstropiev S. K. , Nikonorov N. V.
Published: May 2022

Plasmonic nanocomposites ZnO–Ag and ZnO–SnO2–Ag(AgCl) were prepared by the polymer–salt method, and their structure and morphology were studied using XRD and SEM analyses. It was found that the addition of photoactive inorganic nanocomposites ZnO–Ag and ZnO–SnO2–Ag(AgCl) in pure water significantly enhances the effectiveness of its disinfection and purification during UV treatment and provides the effective water oxygenation. Oxygen photogeneration under blue light (λex. = 405 nm) can be related to the plasmon-excitation processes in ZnO–SnO2–Ag(AgCl) composites. Prepared composites demonstrate antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The increase of Ag content in ZnO–Ag and ZnO–SnO2–Ag(AgCl) composites significantly enhances their antibacterial activity.
On the impact of layout in the dynamics of wind turbine arrays under passive oscillations
Authors: Jin Yaqing , Cheng Shyuan , Chamorro Leonardo P.
Published: May 2022

Laboratory experiments were performed to explore the layout effect on multiscale motions of wind turbines that are able to oscillate passively and the impact on power output fluctuations, which is instrumental toward understanding the dynamics of floating turbine arrays. We studied 3 × 3 and 3 × 5 turbine arrays in aligned and staggered configurations with inter-row separations of Sx/dT=5 and ten sharing transverse spacing of Sy/dT=2.5. A three-axis accelerometer characterized turbines' oscillations, whereas the power output was obtained directly. Particle image velocimetry was used to monitor eventual flow irregularities. The standard deviation of pitch angle, Ap(°) about the equilibrium, obtained from direct integration of instantaneous angular velocity, shows that the turbines underwent relatively small-amplitude pitch motions with maximum intensity that monotonically decreasing with increasing row location in the aligned layout. However, this was not the case in the staggered configurations; indeed, the second row of turbines underwent larger pitch amplitude in the Sx/dT=10 case. Flow channeling and larger turbine spacing promote the development and entrainment of large coherent motions producing larger unsteady forcing and triggering enhanced turbine motions. The instantaneous pitching angle density distribution exhibited Gaussian-like distribution irrespective of the units' location. A formulation for turbine pitching motions based on the balance between wind load restoring force and gravity shows that the bulk natural frequency modulates the turbine pitching angular velocity. The variation in turbine pitching amplitudes was similar to those of the mean power output. The power output spectra evidenced modulation of the local turbulence and turbine pitching natural frequency due to the flow-induced turbine pitching motions.
Yield, zinc efficiencies and biofortification of wheat with zinc sulfate application in soil and foliar nanozinc fertilisation
Authors: Jalal Arshad , Galindo Fernando Shintate , Freitas Leandro Alves , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo da Silva , Lima Bruno Horschut de , Pereira Íngrid Torres , Ferraz Graziela Franceschini , Souza Jeferson Silva de , Costa Kaway Nunes da , Nogueira Thiago Assis Rodrigues , Teixeira Filho Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto
Published: May 2022

Context Agronomic biofortification of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with zinc (Zn) is an effective approach to increase grain Zn concentration and productivity and alleviate Zn malnutrition in humans. Foliar Zn application is an alternative strategy to endorse soil Zn deficiency with better grain Zn partitioning. Aims This study aimed to better understand dose management of soil and foliar Zn application in wheat for biofortification. Methods The objectives was to evaluate the effect of foliar applied nano Zn doses (0, 0.75, 1.5, 3 and 6 kg/ha (zinc oxide, ZnO) 50% at tillering and 50% at grain filling in combination) with soil Zn application (0 and 8 kg/ha, as zinc sulfate) on growth, nutrition, Zn use efficiencies, intake and yield biofortification of wheat in 2019 and 2020 under Brazilian savanna. Key results Combined foliar and soil Zn application increased shoot and grains Zn concentration and accumulation with greater dry matter (9.8 and 10.6%) and grain yield (9.8 and 11%) of wheat as compared to control in 2019 and 2020 respectively. Zinc use efficiency (ZnUE), Zn utilisation efficiency and applied Zn recovery improved with soil Zn application and 2.5 kg/ha foliar nano Zn, but decreased with further increase in foliar Zn application. Zn sulfate stood out for increasing crop productivity while foliar spray with nano Zn for better grains biofortification of wheat. Conclusions Soil Zn application along with 3 kg/ha of foliar nano Zn increased plant and grains Zn concentration and accumulation, dry matter, grain yield, Zn partitioning index and Zn intake in wheat in tropical conditions of Brazil. Implications The combined application of soil and foliar Zn in harsh tropical savannah condition could better improve Zn nutrition, crop growth, and productivity with better Zn biofortification and intake of wheat.
Evaluation of performance and stability of new sources for tolerance to post-emergence herbicides in lentil (
Authors: Balech Rind , Maalouf Fouad , Patil Somanagouda B. , Hejjaoui Kamal , Abou Khater Lynn , Rajendran Karthika , Rubiales Diego , Kumar Shiv
Published: May 2022

Context Yield losses in lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik.) caused by weeds are estimated at 20–80%. In the absence of effective broad-spectrum herbicides, the menace of weed has emerged as a serious yield constraint in lentil. Aims Identification of tolerance to two broad-spectrum post-emergence herbicides, imazethapyr and metribuzin. Methods 221 lentil accessions were screened at the experimental research station of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Terbol (Lebanon) over four crop seasons (2014/15–2018/19). During the 2014/15 season, a preliminary screening experiment was conducted with 221 lentil accessions in an alpha lattice design with two replications, where accessions were treated at the pre-flowering stage at 150% of the recommended dose of imazethapyr (112.5 g active ingredient/ha) or metribuzin (315 g active ingredient/ha). Based on the preliminary results, 38 accessions were selected for further evaluation. In subsequent testing, the selected accessions were screened at 100% and 150% of the recommended doses of imazethapyr or metribuzin. Key results Herbicide treatments delayed the flowering time and maturation of tested lentil accessions. The plant height of selected tolerant accessions was reduced by 15% and 8% in the plots treated by imazethapyr and metribuzin, respectively. Reduction index (RIsy) was an effective tool to select for herbicide tolerance. Stability analysis indicated that two accessions (IG4400 and IG5722) performed under high rainfall environments while two other accessions (IG323 and IG4605) were adapted to low rainfall environments. Conclusions Four accessions (IG323, IG5722, IG4400, IG4605) were identified as independently tolerant to metribuzin and imazethapyr. Implications The identified herbicide-tolerant accessions can be used to develop herbicide-tolerant cultivars.
Some soil factors constraining buffel grass (
Authors: Silcock Richard G.
Published: May 2022

Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) has passionate grazing industry advocates and biodiversity conservation detractors around the world due to its ability to readily establish and spread on certain soil types. A more detailed understanding of what soil factors influence the success of seedling establishment will offer guidance to anyone wishing to either encourage or discourage buffel grass establishment in a particular area. Twenty soils from land types where buffel grass had a varied history of successful establishment and persistence in south western Queensland, Australia were assessed in a pot trial for their influence on early seedling growth rate of buffel grass. Some currently had buffel grass growing there. Aspects of the chemistry of each soil were compared against the rate of seedling growth of buffel grass cv. Biloela that was sown with or without a phosphate coating on the seed. Available soil phosphorus had a major influence on seedling growth in the absence of a phosphate fertiliser coating, but levels of other factors such as exchangeable aluminium and calcium were also critical. Several multiple regression equations with differing soil parameters included proved equally good at predicting buffel seedling growth but they did not greatly improve on the strong correlation with available soil phosphorus. This seemed due to the interchangeability amongst soil pH, cation exchange capacity and degree of clay as controlling factors, over and above available phosphorus. Thus, where available soil phosphorus is marginal for rapid buffel seedling growth, soil pH, exchangeable aluminium and total exchangeable cation levels could have similar importance in determining whether buffel grass colonised or failed to gain a foothold in that area.
Use words, not constructions!
Authors: Proisl Thomas
Published: May 2022

The aim of collostructional analysis or, more precisely, simple collexeme analysis, is to quantify the statistical association between a constructioncand a lexemelthat occurs in a particular slot of the construction. The analysis is based on2×2contingency tables that ought to represent a cross-classification of the units of analysis. So far, the units of analysis have been identified either as all constructions in the corpus or all instances of a classCof constructions to which constructioncbelongs. In practice, it is often not possible or feasible to identify these constructions. Therefore, the sample size is typically approximated by heuristic estimates. The bottom-right cell of the contingency table is most affected by these approximations. I suggest that the units of analysis be defined on the word level, instead, as the classWof word forms that satisfy the restrictions on the collexeme slot ofc.
Sustainable development matters for animals too: Governments have a responsibility to recognize that
Authors: Sebo Jeff , Verkuijl Cleo , José Hötzel Maria , Ploy Ploy , Bastos Lima Mairon , Green Jonathan
Published: May 2022

Animals matter for sustainable development, and sustainable development matters for animals. Yet animal welfare remains largely neglected in sustainable development governance. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aims to protect species, biodiversity, and habitats, but not individual animals. This June, governments will convene for the UN Stockholm+50 Conference, which marks 50 years of international environmental decision making. At this conference, governments have an opportunity to recognize the importance of animal welfare for sustainable development, and to aspire to harm animals less and benefit them more as part of sustainable development governance. We call on governments to take these steps for the sake of human and non-human animals alike.
L(1, d)-labeling number of direct product of two cycles
Authors: Wu Qiong , Shiu Wai Chee
Published: May 2022

For positive number d, an L(1, d) -labeling f of G is an assignment of numbers to vertices of G such that |f(u) - f(v)| ≥ 1 if d(u, v) = 1, and |f(u) - f(v)| ≥ d if d(u, v) = 2. Then the span of f is the difference between the maximum and the minimum numbers assigned by f. The L(1, d) -labeling number of G, denoted by λ1,d (G), is the minimum span over all L(1, d) -labelings of G. In this paper, the authors give the L(1, d) -labeling numbers of the direct product of two cycles Cm and Cn for d ≥ 2 for some values of m and n. Some cases for 1 ≤ d <2 are also discussed.
Structure of skew cyclic codes over
Authors: Islam Habibul , Prakash Om
Published: May 2022

In this paper, for any integer k > 1, we study skew cyclic codes of length n over , where uk = 0 and p is an odd prime. It is noted that the ring Rk is isomorphic to the quotient ring . We characterize skew cyclic codes of length n over Rk as free left Rk[x;θ] -submodules of Rk[x;θ]/〈xn - 1〉 and construct their generators and minimal generating sets. Also, an algorithm of encoding and decoding of these codes has been provided. Finally, some examples of optimal linear codes are given from Gray images of skew cyclic codes over Rk.
Three-dimensional mathematical modelling and dynamic analysis of freestanding triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Guo Xin , Shao Jiajia , Willatzen Morten , Yang Yi , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: May 2022

Energy harvesting system based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has aroused wide interest from many researchers since it integrates multiple disciplines together including electromagnetics, electric circuit theory, materials science and mechanical engineering. Accurate modeling of a TENG is an indispensable part for revealing the relationships and interactions among physical quantities from different areas. Here, a three-dimensional mathematical model of a contact-mode freestanding TENGs (CF-TENGs) is built with a combination of physical abstraction and geometry configuration, which makes it possible to dynamically analyze the variations of the field and circuit quantities. An accurate Norton’s equivalent circuit model that consists of a current source in parallel with a pure capacitive reactance is proposed. Based on this model the reason for identifying the displacement current as the driving force of TENGs is elucidated, and quantitatively determine the current flowing through the external load resistor and the internal equivalent capacitor. More importantly, a universal dynamic simulation model consisting of a quasi-electrostatic model and a circuit model for the TENG-based energy harvesting system is presented. The presented composite model exhibits an obvious advantage in terms of revealing the dynamic output of TENGs with arbitrary geometry and charge distribution. Finally, based on the characteristics of linearity and time-invariance of the CF-TENG, general optimization strategies are pinpointed, which allow us to accurately predict the maximum output efficiency (close to 82.5%).
An improved Liouville type theorem for Beltrami flows
Authors: Wang Na , Zhang Zhibing
Published: May 2022

In this note, we improved the Liouville type theorem for the Beltrami flows. Two different methods are used to prove it, one is the monotonicity method, and another is proof by contradiction. The conditions that we proposed on Beltrami flows are significantly weaker than previously known conditions.
Stray neutron radiation exposures from proton therapy: physics-based analytical models of neutron spectral fluence, kerma and absorbed dose
Authors: Shrestha Suman , Newhauser Wayne D , Donahue William P , Pérez-Andújar Angélica
Published: May 2022

Objective. Patients who receive proton beam therapy are exposed to unwanted stray neutrons. Stray radiations increase the risk of late effects in normal tissues, such as second cancers and cataracts, and may cause implanted devices such as pacemakers to malfunction. Compared to therapeutic beams, little attention has been paid to modeling stray neutron exposures. In the past decade, substantial progress was made to develop semiempirical models of stray neutron dose equivalent, but models to routinely calculate neutron absorbed dose and kerma are still lacking. The objective of this work was to develop a new physics based analytical model to calculate neutron spectral fluence, kerma, and absorbed dose in a water phantom. Approach. We developed the model using dosimetric data from Monte Carlo simulations and neutron kerma coefficients from the literature. The model explicitly considers the production, divergence, scattering, and attenuation of neutrons. Neutron production was modeled for 120–250 MeV proton beams impinging on a variety of materials. Fluence, kerma and dose calculations were performed in a 30 × 180 × 44 cm3 phantom at points up to 43 cm in depth and 80 cm laterally. Main Results. Predictions of the analytical model agreed reasonably with corresponding values from Monte Carlo simulations, with a mean difference in average energy deposited of 20%, average kerma coefficient of 21%, and absorbed dose to water of 49%. Significance. The analytical model is simple to implement and use, requires less configuration data that previously reported models, and is computationally fast. This model appears potentially suitable for integration in treatment planning system, which would enable risk calculations in prospective and retrospective cases, providing a powerful tool for epidemiological studies and clinical trials.
Effects of plasma boundary shape on the βN
threshold in the suppression of tearing mode in toroidal tokamak plasmas with reversed magnetic shear
Authors: Wang H Y , Liu T , Liu Y Q , Wang Z X
Published: May 2022

The toroidal magnetohydrodynamic code MARS-F (Liu et al 2000 Phys. Plasmas
7 3681) is adopted to investigate the plasma boundary shape effect on the

β
N

threshold (

β
N

is the normalized plasma pressure) reported in (Liu et al 2017 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
59 065009) in reversed magnetic shear toroidal tokamak plasmas under different separations

Δ

r
s

between the two rational surfaces of the same helicity. The boundary shape effect is modeled via elongation

κ

and triangularity

δ

. Here, the study focuses on

n
=
1

cases (

n

is the toroidal mode number). In the small

Δ

r
s

regime, the critical value

β

N
c

increases as

κ

increases (without triangularity), and barely changes with triangularity (at small elongation). On the other hand, at large elongation (e.g.

κ

=
2

), the critical value of

β

N
c

decreases with increasing

δ

. The change in the

β

N
c

may be due to a change in the coupling strength between different poloidal harmonics, due to the fact that, besides

m
=
±
1

toroidal coupling (

m

is the poloidal mode number), a large elongation

κ

(or triangularity

δ

) can result in the

m
=
2

(

m
=
3

) equilibrium component and thus enhances the coupling between the

m

and

m
=
±
2

(

m
=
±
3

). In the large

Δ

r
s

regime, with increasing

κ

(without triangularity),

β

N
c

first slightly increases followed by a quick reduction. Moreover, as

δ

increases, the critical value

β

N
c

decreases at small elongation, and first increases followed by a decrease at large elongation (e.g.

κ
=
2

). Besides the change in the coupling strength between different poloidal harmonics, the change in the

β

N
c

in the large

Δ

r
s

regime is also related to the mode transition. The corresponding physics mechanisms underlying the shift of

β

N
c

due to the plasma boundary shape are all discussed in detail.
Guiding of Laguerre–Gaussian pulses in high-order plasma channels
Authors: Yu L , Zhao H M , Cao Q , Zhu X Z , Li J L , Li B Y , Liu F , Chen M , Sheng Z M
Published: May 2022

In laser wakefield accelerators, guiding of drive laser pulses in preformed plasma channels plays a key role to overcome laser diffraction for effective acceleration. Different from guiding schemes studied previously, where a Gaussian laser pulse and a parabolic plasma channel were investigated, here we investigate the guiding of Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) pulses in plasma channels. Analytical studies and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that the matched conditions still exist for high order laser pulses and high order plasma channels. For usual Gaussian and high order LG pulses, the second order parabolic channel gives the best guiding. Although the laser pulse can also be guided in even higher order channels, its envelope deforms during propagation. For laser pulses with combined multi-LG modes, determined by their azimuthal orbit angular momenta, there is axisymmetric or non-axisymmetric evolution for the transverse laser intensity profile. The preformed plasma channel can guide the combined pulses but the transverse intensity profile of the laser pulses always evolves.