bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional segregation of rostral and caudal hippocampus in associative memory
Authors: Vorobiova Alicia Nunez , Feurra Matteo , Pavone Enea Francesco , Stieglitz Lennart , Imbach Lukas , Moiseeva Victoria , Sarnthein Johannes , Fedele Tommaso
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The hippocampus plays a crucial role in episodic memory. Given its complexity, the hippocampus participates in multiple aspects of higher cognitive functions, among which are semantics-based encoding and retrieval. However, the “where,” “when” and “how” of distinct aspects of memory processing in the hippocampus are still under debate.

Methods

Here, we employed a visual associative memory task that involved encoding three levels of subjective congruence to delineate the differential involvement of the rostral and caudal portions (also referred as anterior/posterior portions) of the human hippocampus during memory encoding, recognition and associative recall.

Results

Through stereo-EEG recordings in epilepsy patients we show that associative memory is reflected by rostral hippocampal activity during encoding, and caudal hippocampal activity during retrieval. In contrast, recognition memory encoding selectively activates the rostral hippocampus. The temporal dynamics of memory processing are manifested by gamma power increase, which partially overlaps with low-frequency power decrease during encoding and retrieval. Congruence levels modulate low-frequency activity prominently in the caudal hippocampus.

Discussion

These findings highlight an anatomical segregation in the hippocampus in accordance with the contributions of its partitions to associative and recognition memory.
The classification of absence seizures using power-to-power cross-frequency coupling analysis with a deep learning network
Authors: Medvedev A.V. , Lehmann B.
Published: February 2025

High frequency oscillations are important novel biomarkers of epileptic tissue. The interaction of oscillations across different time scales is revealed as cross-frequency coupling (CFC) representing a high-order structure in the functional organization of brain rhythms. Power-to-power coupling (PPC) is one form of coupling with significant research attesting to its neurobiological significance as well as its computational efficiency, yet has been hitherto unexplored within seizure classification literature. New artificial intelligence methods such as deep learning neural networks can provide powerful tools for automated analysis of EEG. Here we present a Stacked Sparse Autoencoder (SSAE) trained to classify absence seizure activity based on this important form of cross-frequency patterns within scalp EEG. The analysis is done on the EEG records from the Temple University Hospital database. Absence seizures (n = 94) from 12 patients were taken into analysis along with segments of background activity. Power-to-power coupling was calculated between all frequencies 2–120 Hz pairwise using the EEGLAB toolbox. The resulting CFC matrices were used as training or testing inputs to the autoencoder. The trained network was able to recognize background and seizure segments (not used in training) with a sensitivity of 93.1%, specificity of 99.5% and overall accuracy of 96.8%. The results provide evidence both for (1) the relevance of PPC for seizure classification, as well as (2) the efficacy of an approach combining PPC with SSAE neural networks for automated classification of absence seizures within scalp EEG.
The hidden crisis: double burden of malnutrition among refugee children in South Asia – a systematic review and meta-analysis from observational studies
Authors: Panchal Pooja , Usman Mohd , Longkumer Tajung , Babu Reshma Susan , Khatib Mahalaqua Nazil , Razak Shariza Abdul , Menon Kavitha
Published: February 2025

Background

Children living in refugee camps in South Asian countries suffer from undernutrition. However, the emerging prevalence of double burden of malnutrition could potentially cause a crisis in the healthcare of the refugee population. Double burden increases the risk for co-morbidities, poor functional health, and increased risk for premature death among these children. The study aims to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among refugee children in South Asia.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines using CoCoPop mnemonic approach. We searched JSTOR, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases for studies on the prevalence of malnutrition in refugee children from 1984 to August 2024 with restricted English language. The screening of research articles was undertaken using COVIDENCE 2.0 software. The JBI checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the included articles. The meta analysis was carried out using MedCalc 22.018 software. The gray literature was manually searched from the reputed organizations focusing on refugee children and was narratively analyzed for malnutrition statistics. Furthermore, the corroboration of primary research articles and gray literature was conducted for comprehensive understanding.

Results

The review included 10 full-text research articles, all with cross-sectional study design and 11 gray literatures. The 10 studies covered a total of 4,274 participants with 3,536 urban and 738 rural refugee children aged between 0 and 19 years [refugee children (n = 8) and refugee adolescents (n = 2)]. The sample size of the included studies varied between 58 and 1,087 and mostly from Bangladesh. The prevalence of stunting ranged from 3.9–75.4% in the included studies [pooled prevalence: 31.8% (95% CI: 18.6–46.6%)]; wasting between 0.3–24.3% [pooled prevalence:10.1% (95% CI: 4.6–17.3)]; underweight between 4.4–65% [pooled prevalence: 19.1% (95% CI: 10.8–29.2%)]; and overweight between 3 and 24% [pooled prevalence: 6.5% (95% CI: 2.6–12.1%)]. Time trend analysis of the prevalence of malnutrition showed a decreasing trend in underweight, an increasing trend for stunting and wasting, and overweight including a rising prevalence of dual burden of under-and overnutrition.

Discussion

The study indicates a high prevalence of undernutrition and a rising prevalence of overnutrition -the Asian paradox of the double burden of malnutrition in refugee children living in South Asia. The coexisting double burden of malnutrition among refugee children calls for comprehensive programs and policies for the prevention and management of the double burden of malnutrition.
The clinical value of computed tomography Hounsfield unit for diagnosing palpable inguinal lymph node metastasis in patients with penile cancer
Authors: Li Yu , Chen Yu , Xie Gansheng , Li Gang , Yin Huming
Published: February 2025

Background

Computed tomography (CT) Hounsfield units (HUs) of pathologically confirmed metastatic inguinal lymph nodes (ILNs) were proved to be higher than negative ones. We designed this study to explore the clinical value of CT HU for diagnosing palpable ILN metastasis in patients with penile cancer.

Methods

A total of 32 patients with penile cancer, including 84 palpable ILNs, were recruited in this study. They all performed 5-mm layer pelvic contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) before treatment. The palpable ILNs were matched with CT image. By using radiologic software PACS, the layer with a maximum cross-sectional area of target lymph node was selected, and the short axis was defined as diameter. We outlined the edge of target lymph nodes, and the software automatically calculated its area, maximum CT HU, and average CT HU. All target ILNs were biopsied by surgery to confirm the presence of metastasis.

Results

Compared with non-metastatic ILNs, metastatic ILNs had larger diameter, area, maximum non-contrast CT (NC-CT) HU, maximum arterial-phase CE-CT (ACE-CT) HU, average NC-CT HU, and average ACE-CT HU, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the all six parameters (maximum NC-CT HU, maximum ACE-CT HU, average NC-CT HU, average ACE-CT HU, diameter, and area) had significant diagnostic value for ILN metastasis, with an area under the curve of 0.847, 0.853, 0.900, 0.919, 0.809, and 0.789, respectively. The average ACE-CT HU (cutoff: 40.5) had the highest accuracy as 0.857, and maximum NC-CT HU (cutoff: 51.5) had the highest sensitivity of 0.897.

Conclusion

ILN CT HU was clinically valuable for the diagnosis of palpable ILN metastasis in patients with newly diagnosed penile cancer.
SiameseNet based on multiple instance learning for accurate identification of the histological grade of ICC tumors
Authors: Fu Zhizhan , Feng Fazhi , He Xingguang , Li Tongtong , Li Xiansong , Ziluo Jituome , Huang Zixing , Ye Jinlin
Published: February 2025

Background

After hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver cancer. Timely and accurate identification of ICC histological grade is critical for guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.

Method

We proposed a dual-branch deep neural network (SiameseNet) based on multiple-instance learning and cross-attention mechanisms to address tumor heterogeneity in ICC histological grade prediction. The study included 424 ICC patients (381 in training, 43 in testing). The model integrated imaging data from two modalities through cross-attention, optimizing feature representation for grade classification.

Results

In the testing cohort, the model achieved an accuracy of 86.0%, AUC of 86.2%, sensitivity of 84.6%, and specificity of 86.7%, demonstrating robust predictive performance.

Conclusion

The proposed framework effectively mitigates performance degradation caused by tumor heterogeneity. Its high accuracy and generalizability suggest potential clinical utility in assisting histopathological assessment and personalized treatment planning for ICC patients.
Carcinoembryonic antigen trajectory predicts pathological complete response in advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Yonghe , Liu Dan , Wei Kaikai , Lin Yi , Wang Zhong , Sun Qian , Wang Huashe , Peng Junsheng , Lian Lei
Published: February 2025

Aims

This study aims to develop a simple, clinically applicable classification system to predict pCR based on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) trajectory during NAC.

Methods

This study included 366 AGC patients who received NAC followed by radical gastrectomy. CEA levels were measured before, during, and after NAC, with changes classified into three trajectory types: Type I (>=80% decline), Type II (>=40% but <80% decline), and Type III (<40% decline or increase). We analyzed associations between these CEA trajectories, pCR, lymph node remission, and survival.

Results

pCR was achieved in 10.4% (38/366) of patients. pCR rates were significantly higher in Type I (41%) and Type II (15.8%) trajectories compared to Type III (6.7%). Lymph node remission also correlated with CEA trajectories, with Type I having the highest proportion of ypN0 (79.2%). Multivariate analysis identified CEA trajectory subtypes and tumor differentiation as independent predictors of pCR. This classification system proved robust across subgroups. Although no significant differences in overall survival were observed between subtypes, higher initial CEA levels were associated with worse survival.

Conclusion

The trajectory of CEA change during NAC is a promising predictor of pCR in AGC. This simple and accessible classification system may facilitate personalized surgical strategies for patients with AGC.
Clinical characteristics of hereditary spherocytosis with red blood cell membrane protein gene variants
Authors: Cheng Jingying , Zhang Liqiang , Yao Jiafeng , Zhao Shasha , Jiang Jin
Published: February 2025

The clinical manifestations of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) are often heterogeneous, spanning from asymptomatic to severe symptoms that may pose life-threatening risks. Genotype-phenotype correlations remain controversial in clinical research. This retrospective study evaluated the correlation between genetic variants and clinical characteristics in a cohort of 64 Chinese pediatric patients with HS. The predominant variants were found in the ANK1 (27 cases, 42%) and SPTB (26 cases, 41%) genes, while variants in the SPTA1 (6 cases, 9%) and SLAC4A1 genes (5 cases, 8%) were less common. No EPB42 variants were detected. A total of 71 variants were identified. Variation types included nonsense (21%), missense (27%), frameshift mutations (39%), splicing (8%), and large fragment deletions (4%). No statistical differences in hemoglobin levels, MCV, MCH, MCHC, or reticulocytes were observed across the various genetic variant groups. Bilirubin levels were remarkably elevated in patients with HS variants, and those with SPTB-HS had significantly higher bilirubin levels, including total bilirubin (p = 0.033) and indirect bilirubin (p = 0.018) compared to those with SPTA1-HS. Moreover, those with the ANK1 variants displayed reduced resistance to lysis at varying NaCl concentrations in comparison to those with the SPTA1 variants (p = 0.047). In short, patients with the ANK1 and SPTB variants had the most severe disease, while those with the SPTA1 variants had the mildest. Genetic testing is advised in patients without a family history or who are difficult to diagnose with routine laboratory tests, as this may also provide references for clinical treatment and genetic counseling.
The application of procyanidins in diabetes and its complications: a review of preclinical studies
Authors: Zhang Yongchuang , Li Mengna , Liu Haoyuan , Fan Yongfu , Liu Huan Huan
Published: February 2025

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its various complications, including diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, and ulcers, pose significant challenges to global health. This review investigates the potential of procyanidins (PCs), a natural polyphenolic compound, in preventing and managing diabetes and its complications. PCs, recognized for their strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemic properties, play a crucial role in reducing oxidative stress and enhancing endothelial function, which are essential for managing diabetic complications. This review elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which PCs improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial health, thereby providing protection against the various complications of diabetes. The comprehensive analysis underscores the promising therapeutic role of PCs in diabetes care, indicating the need for further clinical studies to confirm and leverage their potential in comprehensive diabetes management strategies.
Research progress of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and zinc in the mechanism of diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Qin Wei , Nie Ping , Hui Xuejun , Chen Fei , Hu Xingbao , Shi Wenjiao , Luo Manyu , Li Bing
Published: February 2025

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the common complications in diabetic patients and has gradually become an important pathogenic factor in chronic kidney disease. Therefore, studying the mechanisms of its occurrence and development is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Some researchers have pointed out that there is a phenomenon of hypoxia in diabetic kidney tissue and believe that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is closely related to the occurrence and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Additionally, the homeostasis of zinc plays a key role in the body’s adaptation to hypoxic environments. However, the specific relationship among these three factors remains unclear. This article provides a detailed review of the multiple roles of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, including: regulating angiogenesis, increasing the expression of erythropoietin, modulating oxidative stress through the PI3K/AKT and HIF-1α/HO-1 pathways, promoting inflammatory cell infiltration and the release of inflammatory factors to induce inflammatory responses, facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, pathological angiogenesis, and promoting the release of fibrotic factors, ultimately leading to renal fibrosis. Furthermore, HIF-1α also participates in the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney disease through mechanisms such as regulating apoptosis, inducing mitochondrial autophagy, and vascular calcification. At the same time, this article clarifies the regulatory role of the trace element zinc on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in diabetic kidney disease. This article provides references and insights for further research on the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease.
Evaluation of novel fungicides (FRAC groups 7, 9, 12) for managing cranberry fruit rot
Authors: Uppala Leela Saisree , Sulley Salisu
Published: February 2025

Cranberry fruit rot (CFR) is a major disease complex that significantly impacts cranberry crops, leading to substantial yield losses. Over the past decade, CFR has become increasingly problematic, particularly in high-yielding and newer cultivars, with reported losses ranging from 50% to 100%. Additionally, the cranberry industry faces increasing restrictions on the use of broad-spectrum fungicides, such as chlorothalonil and mancozeb, necessitating the exploration of alternative management strategies. This study, conducted from 2021 to 2024 at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst Cranberry Station, evaluated novel fungicides from FRAC Groups 7, 9, and 12. The active ingredients—benzovindiflupyr, pydiflumetofen, cyprodinil, and fludioxonil—were tested individually and in combination with azoxystrobin (FRAC 11). The efficacy of these fungicides in reducing CFR incidence and improving yield was assessed on cranberry cultivars ‘Demoranville’, ‘Ben Lear,’ and ‘Stevens’ with applications made at early, mid, and late bloom stages. Significant differences in fruit rot incidence and yield were observed in 2021, 2023 and 2024. Treatments containing pydiflumetofen, pydiflumetofen & fludioxonil, and benzovindiflupyr, when applied in combination with azoxystrobin, consistently resulted in lower rot incidence and higher yields. The treatment containing cyprodinil & fludioxonil plus azoxystrobin, tested only in 2021, also resulted in lower rot incidence and higher yield. These findings highlight the potential of novel fungicides from FRAC Groups 7, 9, and 12 as effective alternatives for CFR management. Their use could diversify the CFR management toolkit, mitigate fungicide resistance, and reduce environmental impacts, addressing the challenges posed by increasing fungicide regulations.
Duckweed: a starch-hyperaccumulating plant under cultivation with a combination of nutrient limitation and elevated CO2
Authors: Guo Ling , Fang Yang , Wang Songhu , Xiao Yao , Ding Yanqiang , Jin Yanling , Tian Xueping , Du Anping , Liao Zhihua , He Kaize , Chen Shuang , Zhao Yonggui , Tan Li , Yi Zhuolin , Che Yuqing , Chen Lanchai , Li Jinmeng , Zhao Leyi , Zhang Peng , Gu Zhengbiao , Zhang Fangyuan , Hong Yan , Zhang Qing , Zhao Hai
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The increasing global demand for starch has created an urgent need to identify more efficient and sustainable production methods. However, traditional starch sources, such as crop-based options, experience significant bottlenecks due to limitations in land use, water consumption, and the impacts of climate change. Therefore, there is a pressing need to explore and develop new sources of starch.

Methods

We develop a novel duckweed cultivation technology that combines nutrients limitation and CO2 supplementation to achieve very high starch content. In this study, we integrated whole-genome sequencing, epigenomics, transcriptomics, enzyme activity, and composition variation to elucidate the mechanisms of efficient starch accumulation in duckweed in terms of starch accumulation and carbon partitioning, regulation of the expression of genes in the starch metabolic pathway, and sucrose biosynthesis and transportation.

Results and discussion

Although Landoltia punctata exhibits dramatic gene family contraction, its starch content and productivity reached 72.2% (dry basis) and 10.4 g m-2 d-1, respectively, in 10 days, equivalent to a yield of 38.0 t ha-1 y-1, under nutrient limitation treatment with elevated CO2 levels. We also examined the mechanism of high starch accumulation in duckweed. This phenomenon is associated with the regulation of DNA methylation and transcription factors as well as the significantly upregulated transcription levels and the increased activities of key enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis. Moreover, while nitrogen redistribution was increased, sucrose biosynthesis and transportation and lignocellulose biosynthesis were reduced. These alterations led to a reduction in lignocellulose and protein contents and ultimately an increase in the accumulation of starch in the chloroplasts.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates the potential of duckweed as a highly efficient starch producer.
Effects of a 7-week active breaks intervention program on physical literacy and body mass index
Authors: Urbano-Mairena Javier , Muñoz-Bermejo Laura , Carlos-Vivas Jorge , Pastor-Cisneros Raquel , Montenegro-Espinosa José Adrián , Mendoza-Muñoz María
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Physical literacy (PL) emerges as a highly effective resource for creating lasting physical activity habits at a time when physical inactivity has become one of the main risk factors in our population. Thus, active breaks (AB) could be an ideal option for increasing physical activity time in schoolchildren.

Methods

A cross-sectional quasi-experimental study was conducted, involving 89 participants aged 8-12 years from Extremadura. The Canadian assessment of physical literacy (CAPL-2) was administered to assess the participants' physical literacy level. The BMI was also measured.

Results

Higher scores were obtained in all domains and subdomains of the CAPL in the experimental group. Significant differences were found both in total physical literacy score (p < 0.001) and in all domains and subdomains, except for the subdomains self-reported question, intrinsic motivation and knowledge and understanding domain (p = 0.344).

Conclusion

The results of the study support the positive effects of an AB program of PL and its domains. The development of active break programs could help to increase the PL level of schoolchildren.
Evaluating the relative predictive validity of measures of self-referential processing for depressive symptom severity
Authors: Tan Ethel Siew Ee , Tan Hong Ming , Fong Kah Vui , Tey Sheryl Yu Xuan , Rane Nikita , Ho Chong Wei , Tan Zhao Yuan , Ong Rachel Jing Min , Teo Chloe , Yu Jerall , Lee Maxine , Teo An Rae , Ong Sin Kee , Lim Xin Ying , Kee Jin Lin , Keppo Jussi , Tan Geoffrey Chern-Yee
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The self-referential encoding task (SRET) has a number of implicit measures which are associated with various facets of depression, including depressive symptoms. While some measures have proven robust in predicting depressive symptoms, their effectiveness can vary depending on the methodology used. Hence, understanding the relative contributions of population differences, word lists and calculation methods to these associations with depression, is crucial for translating the SRET into a clinical screening tool.

Methods

This study systematically investigated the predictive accuracy of various SRET measures across different samples, including one clinical population matched with healthy controls and two university student populations, exposed to differing word lists. Participants completed the standard SRET and its variations, including Likert scales and matrix formats. Both standard and novel SRET measures were calculated and compared for their relative and incremental contribution to their associations with depression, with mean squared error (MSE) used as the primary metric for measuring predictive accuracy.

Results

Results showed that most SRET measures significantly predicted depressive symptoms in clinical populations but not in healthy populations. Notably, models with task modifications, such as Matrix Endorsement Bias and Likert Endorsement Sum Bias, achieved the lowest mean squared error (MSE), indicating better predictive accuracy compared to standard Endorsement Bias measures.

Discussion

These findings imply that task modifications such as utilising Likert-response options and the use of longer word lists may enhance the effectiveness of screening methods in both clinical and research settings, potentially improving early detection and intervention for depression.
The association between digital technology use and depression among older people in China: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Wu Qinmei , He Wei , Wang Jinfu , Du Litao , Xue Xiangli , He Qiang , Pan Yang , Chen Si , Zhang Xianliang
Published: February 2025

Objective

To investigate the association among multidimensional (Digital engagement, DE; Digital devices, DD; and Digital purpose, DP) digital technology use and depression in older Chinese, considering social participation as a mediator and physical activity level (PAL) as a moderator.

Methods

Data on 5,744 participants (aged≥60) were extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2020 dataset. Depression was assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression examined the association between digital technology use and depression. The PROCESS program’s Model 4 evaluated the mediating role of social participation, while Model 7 assessed the moderating role of PAL.

Results

Digital technology use was negatively associated with depression (DE, OR= 0.722, 95%CI: 0.609, 0.858; DD, OR= 0.739, 95%CI: 0.634, 0.860; DP, OR= 0.916, 95%CI: 0.881, 0.952). Various dimensions of digital technology use exerted direct effects on depression scores of 85.87% (DE, OR= -0.638, 95%CI: -1.036, -0.240), 86.09% (DD, OR= -0.526, 95%CI: -0.844, -0.208), and 87.82% (DP, OR= -0.173, 95%CI: -0.259, -0.087), respectively, and social participation mediated 14.13%, 13.91%, 12.18%. PAL exerted a positive moderating effect on the first half path of mediation, especially with the vigorous PAL (DE, OR= 0.591, 95%CI: 0.230, 0.952; DD, OR= 0.515, 95%CI: 0.206, 0.824; DP, OR= 0.157, 95%CI: 0.075, 0.239).

Conclusions

Multidimensional digital technology use showed an association with depression in older adults. Promoting social participation through digital technology use is associated with lower depressive symptom scores, and vigorous PAL further strengthens this association, leading to improved mental health.
Association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with gout risk: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2007–2018 data emphasizing mixture effects
Authors: Feng Haixin , Li Siran , Huang Shiqing , He Linxi , Huang Ruihao , Wei Renhuizi , Peng Xin , Yan Haiyi , Xiong Chongxiang , Zhang Bingsong
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study examined associations between serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and gout risk in the U.S. adult population using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018 data. And assessing the potential intermediary effect of uric acid.

Methods

The study included 8,494 participants, with 385 having gout. Four PFAS compounds (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA) were measured. PFOS is the most prevalent PFAS in the environment, biota, and human tissues. It is rapidly absorbed and accumulates in the liver, kidneys, and blood, binding to serum albumin and low-density lipoprotein. PFOA is highly persistent in the body, mainly accumulating in the kidneys and liver through enterohepatic circulation, posing risks due to its difficulty in metabolism and excretion. PFHxS has the longest metabolic half-life in humans (7.3 years) and bioaccumulates in the endocrine, immune, nervous, and reproductive systems. PFNA is the second most detected PFAS in human serum after PFOS. It is more likely to accumulate and express toxicity in the reproductive organs, liver, and immune system compared to PFOS and PFOA. Multivariate logistic regression and weighted quantile sum regression were used to assess individual and mixture effects. Mediation analysis was conducted to estimate effect of uric acid.

Results

In fully adjusted model, the associations were nonsignificant, with PFOA showing a marginally positive association. Mixture analysis revealed a significant positive association with gout risk across all models. PFOS was the largest contributor to the mixture effect. Stronger associations were observed in old people and females. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Mediation analysis indicated significant intermediary effect of uric acid in the associations of PFAS with risk of gout, with the mediated proportion ranging from 48 to 77%.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence for a potential link between PFAS exposure and gout risk, particularly when considering mixtures. While associations with individual PFASs are largely explained by demographic and lifestyle factors, the persistent association of mixtures with gout risk highlights the importance of considering combined exposures in environmental health research. Uric acid level plays a crucial intermediary effect.
Effects of group music sessions on cognitive and psychological functions in healthy older adults
Authors: Shinada Takamitsu , Takahashi Michio , Uno Akari , Soga Keishi , Taki Yasuyuki
Published: February 2025

Introduction

With the rapid aging of the population worldwide and the prevalence of dementia and mental health problems among older adults, it is important to extend healthy life expectancy by maintaining brain and mental health. Playing musical instruments, which requires the integration of auditory, visual, and somatosensory functions, is considered an effective way to prevent the development of dementia. However, the effectiveness of group (band) music sessions in healthy older adults has not been investigated. Our purpose, therefore, was to investigate the effects of group music sessions on cognitive and psychological functions among healthy older adults.

Methods

In this open-label randomized controlled trial, participants aged 65–74, who had no musical experience, were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group received in weekly 90-minute sessions with the instrument for 16 weeks. The control group received no intervention.

Results

The results showed that the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) total score and the Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory Ⅱ (WMS-LM Ⅱ) score improved significantly, and the Vigor–Activity subscale score of the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition (POMS 2) tended to improve.

Discussion

These findings indicated that group music sessions have a potentially beneficial effect for maintaining and improving cognitive and psychological functions in healthy older adults.
Social goals under a neoliberal agenda: measures to promote equality in European higher education read through a Foucauldian lens
Authors: Baciu Elena-Loreni , Lazăr Theofild-Andrei , Totan Raluca Iunia
Published: February 2025

In this study we draw on Foucault’s work on governmentality and examine the power dynamics involved in establishing and implementing policies that promote equality in European higher education. Using a qualitative case study design, we selected 17 public universities situated in 13 European countries, from which we collected information about (1) the way these institutions problematize inequality in reference to participation in higher education, by labeling and categorizing vulnerable students and (2) the modes of governing and power tools (designed as support measures) they employ to address inequality. The results of the study show that the most typical profiles of vulnerability with which the universities in the sample engage include: students with disabilities, students from low-income backgrounds and students with children. Additionally, most universities use targeted support measures (as opposed to mainstreaming strategies) which consist in a mix of financial aid and support and adaptation services. The critical analysis of these measures reveals their power to shape students’ identifies and actions, through processes of subjectification, categorization, normalization and responsabilization. In the last section, we discuss the tension that appears between the European universities’ social dimension and the neoliberal policies that shape their functioning.
Case Report: Surgical treatment of lumbar ligamentum flavum cysts combined with spinal instability causing radiculopathy
Authors: Yang Keshi , Ji Changbin , Luo Dawei , Yin Jiwei , Wu Xiaozhe , Xu Hui
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to describe a case of a patient with a lumbar ligamentum flavum cyst combined with spinal instability who underwent cyst resection and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF).

Methods

We present a rare case of a patient with a lumbar ligamentum flavum cyst combined with spinal instability causing radiculopathy. The patient underwent cyst resection and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.

Results

The patient underwent follow-up for 3 years postoperatively and remained asymptomatic, with favorable radiographic results.

Conclusions

Cysts resection and TLIF for ligamentum flavum cysts combined with spinal instability can achieve sufficient and effective decompression while simultaneously restoring spinal stability. Therefore, this approach is both an effective and safe treatment option.
Staphylococcal skin infection isolates from dogs without recent antibiotic exposure are 100% susceptible to clindamycin
Authors: Brookshire W. Cooper , Ballard Larry D. , Langston Vernon C. , Park Joo Youn , Seo Keun-Seok
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to create an antibiogram representative of bacterial skin infections in canine patients that would typically be treated empirically, i.e., without risk factors for antibiotic resistance, such as a history of recent antibiotic use, antibiotic treatment failure, or recurrent infections. Traditional antibiograms are a form of passive surveillance and report antibiotic susceptibility of isolates from a specific laboratory, hospital, or region for a given period of time. However, traditional antibiograms are biased towards more resistance, because infections that have antibiotic susceptibility tests are more likely to be resistant, due to risk factors such as recent antibiotic treatment, hospitalization, or a history of previous antibiotic-resistant infections. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on 67 pathogenic canine staphylococcal isolates (62 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and 5 Staphylococcus schleiferi) from patients who met the study inclusion criteria, and 100% of isolates were susceptible to antibiotics commonly prescribed for canine staphylococcal skin infections, including clindamycin. Additionally, a subset of 49 isolates were also susceptible to chlorhexidine. The isolates were susceptible to a very low concentration of chlorhexidine, which supports its use as a preferred topical treatment. These data strongly indicate that dogs without a history of recent antibiotic use, treatment failure, or recurrent infections that present with bacterial skin infections are at low risk of antibiotic resistance. If systemic antibiotics are indicated in these patients with this clinical history and presentation, clindamycin should be considered as first-line therapy, owing to its 100% susceptibility in this antibiogram and less selection pressure for antibiotic resistant bacteria, compared to alternatives such as cephalosporins.
Non-Linear Time-Varying Modeling and Simulation Methods for Hydrodynamic–Aerodynamic Coupling Near-Surface Flight Scenarios
Authors: Wang Mingzhen , Wu Guilin , Lv Hongqiang , Liu Siyang , Huang Longtai , He Naifeng
Published: February 2025

Due to irregular hydrodynamic–aerodynamic coupling, the modeling and simulation of near-surface flight are extremely complex. For the present study, a practical dynamic model and a complete motion simulation method for the solution of such problems were established for engineering applications. A discrete non-linear time-varying dynamics model was employed in order to ensure the universality of the method; thereafter, force models—including gravity, aerodynamic, hydrodynamic, control, and thrust models—were established. It should be noted that a non-linear approach was adopted for the hydrodynamic model, which reflects the influences of waves in real-world situations; in addition, a Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) control law was added to realize closed-loop simulation of the motion. Considering a take-off flight as a study case, longitudinal three Degrees of Freedom (DoF) motion was simulated. The velocity, angle of attack, height, and angular velocity were selected as the state vectors in the state–space equations. The results show that, with the equilibrium state as the initial setting for the motion, reasonable time–history curves of the whole take-off phase can be obtained using the proposed approach. Furthermore, it is universally applicable for aircraft operating under hydrodynamic–aerodynamic coupling scenarios, including amphibious aircraft, seaplanes, Wing-in-Ground-Effect (WIGE) aircraft, and Hybrid Aerial–Underwater Vehicles (HAUVs).
Measurement of Ellman’s Essay Using a Smartphone Camera Coupled with an Image Processing Technique in CIE-LAB Color Space for the Detection of Two Pesticides in Water
Authors: Pechyen Chiravoot , Trif Calin , Cherdhirunkorn Benya , Toommee Surachet , Parcharoen Yardnapar
Published: February 2025

In recent years, Thailand’s agriculture sector has seen a significant rise in pesticide usage due to its vital role in the economy and global food trade. However, the uncontrolled use of pesticides poses severe health and environmental risks. This research focuses on the detection of pesticide residues, particularly carbaryl and paraoxon-ethyl, which are prevalent due to their high efficacy in pest control but pose neurological health risks by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, potentially impacting human health. The developed method assesses pesticide concentration by measuring changes in the CIE-LAB color space using a smartphone camera. Testing several concentrations (0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 ppm) over time revealed significant differences via ANOVA (F = 32.8, p < 0.001) and a strong linear relationship with R2 values from 0.9129 to 0.9973 through regression analysis. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were utilized to further understand the relationship between color changes and pesticide type and concentration. PCA showed that the L* and b* values contributed most to explaining the variance in the data (96.24%), while PLS-DA provided classification models. These strong linear relationships between pesticide concentration and colorimetric changes showcase the method’s accuracy and potential for on-site pesticide monitoring in agricultural produce, emphasizing technological advancements in sustainable agriculture practices. This research presents encouraging findings from an inexpensive and straightforward method for detecting pesticide residues, suggesting that a specialized mobile application could enhance the implementation of the proposed system.
The Evolution of the Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Tunisia: A Multicentric Analysis over Two Decades (2000–2019)
Authors: Ben Ayed Nourelhouda , Gargouri Omar , Mhimdi Samar , Smaoui Fahmi , Mhiri Emna , Kanzari Lamia , Zribi Meriam , Maalej Mezghanni Senda , Ktari Sonia , Meftah Khaoula , Mohamed Naglaa , Zaghden Hela , Bahri Olfa , Besbes Sophie , Achour Wafa , Slim Leila , Boutiba Ilhem , Smaoui Hanen , Hammami Adnene
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading respiratory pathogen responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations. Understanding its antimicrobial resistance patterns and serotype distribution is crucial for guiding treatment and prevention strategies. This study aims to examine these trends in S. pneumoniae isolates from Tunisia over a two-decade period (2000–2019). Methods: A retrospective time series analysis was conducted on data (n = 4284) gathered from eight university hospital centers across Tunisia. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. Pneumococcal serotypes were determined for a subset of samples from 2012 to 2019 (n = 903) using multiplex PCR and latex agglutination. Results: Penicillin G resistance decreased from 9–13.7% during 2000–2002 to 4.3% by 2019, while amoxicillin resistance increased until reaching 10% in 2019. Erythromycin resistance initially increased before stabilizing between 61.9% and 66.3% during 2014–2019, whereas tetracycline resistance declined from 2000 to 2008 and fluctuated around 40% during 2009–2019. Levofloxacin resistance did not exceed 1.2% throughout the study period. The most prevalent serotypes were 14, 19F, 19A, 23F, 3, 6B, 6A, and 9V. Among them, serotype 3 was the most susceptible overall. Serotypes 23F, 14, 9V, and 6B displayed the highest levels of multi-drug resistance. Conclusions: Penicillin G (high-dosage), cefotaxime, and levofloxacin are still effective against most S. pneumoniae strains in Tunisia, while erythromycin and tetracycline are not reliable options for treating pneumococcal infections. Alarming resistance rates among prevalent serotypes, except serotype 3, underscore the need for preventive measures, rational antibiotic use, and ongoing surveillance.
Detection of Expressions of Violence Targeting Health Workers with Natural Language Processing Techniques
Authors: Varol Arısoy Merve , Yalçınkaya Mehmet Ali , Gürfidan Remzi , Arısoy Ayhan
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to detect expressions of violence against healthcare workers using natural language processing techniques. Experiments on various NLP models have shown that violent expressions can be successfully classified using textual data. The RAG-ECE model performed the best in this study with a 97.97% accuracy rate and a 97.67% F1 score. The model provided a strong balancing performance in the “no violence” class with 97.71% precision and 97.67% recall rates. In the “violence present” class, it reached 97.67% accuracy and was evaluated as a reliable classifier with both low false positive (3.92%) and low false negative (2.78%) rates. In addition to RAG-ECE, the GPT model provided a milder alternative with 96.19% accuracy and a 96.26% F1 score. The study also compared the performances of other models, such as GPT, BERT, SVM, and NB, and stated that they are considered suitable alternatives due to their low computational costs, especially in small- and medium-sized datasets. The findings of the study show that NLP-based systems offer an effective solution for the early detection and prevention of expressions of violence against healthcare workers.
Natural Products: Sources and Applications
Authors: Rodrigues Maria João
Published: February 2025

Natural products have been an essential driver of human advancement, providing unparalleled chemical diversity and a wide range of biological activities [...]
Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Rotor Faults in the Performance of Low-Speed High-Torque Machines
Authors: Madariaga-Cifuentes Carlos , Gallardo Cesar , Ruiz-Sarrio Jose E. , Tapia Juan A. , Antonino-Daviu Jose A.
Published: February 2025

Several studies have focused on modeling and analyzing the impact of rotor faults in conventional low-pole-count machines, while related research on low-speed high-torque (LSHT) machines with a high pole count remains limited. In these machines, the combination of low speed, high inertia, and high torque levels presents a critical application for advanced diagnosis techniques. The present paper aims to describe and quantify the impact of rotor faults on the performance of LSHT machine types during the design stage. Specifically, 10-pole and 16-pole synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs), permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs), and squirrel-cage induction machines (SCIMs) are assessed by means of detailed 2D simulations. The effects of eccentricity, broken rotor bars, and partial demagnetization are studied, with a focus on performance variations. The results show that LSHT PMSMs are not significantly affected by the partial demagnetization of a few magnets, and the same holds true for common faults in SynRMs and SCIMs. Nonetheless, a significant increase in torque ripple was observed for all evaluated faults, with different origins and diverse effects on the torque waveform, which could be hard or invasive to analyze. Furthermore, it was concluded that specialized diagnosis techniques are effectively required for detecting the usual faults in LSHT machines, as their effect on major performance indicators is mostly minimal.
The Internet of Things Empowering the Internet of Pets—An Outlook from the Academic and Scientific Experience
Authors: Pico-Valencia Pablo , Holgado-Terriza Juan A.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a systematic review to explore how the Internet of Things (IoT) is empowering the Internet of Pets (IoP) to enhance the quality of life for companion animals. Thirty-six relevant papers published between 2010 and 2024 were retrieved and analyzed following both the PRISMA and the Kitchenham and Charters guidelines for conducting literature reviews. The findings demonstrate that the IoP is transforming pet care by offering innovative solutions for monitoring, feeding, and animal welfare. Asian countries are leading the development of these technologies, with a surge in research activity in recent years (2020–2024). While remote feeding prototypes currently dominate the field (79%), the IoP is anticipated to expand into other areas. Monitoring health (25%), surveillance and monitoring activities (49%), and providing comfort (17%) for pets are the primary research interests. The IoT holds immense potential to improve pet care. Research in this area is expected to continue growing, driving innovation and the creation of new IoP solutions utilizing artificial intelligence to achieve smart and predictive devices. In the future, the development of multifunctional devices that combine various capabilities in a single unit will become commonplace in a society where it is trending for young people to adopt pets instead of having children.