bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identificação de adulterações no carvão ativado de osso utilizado na desfluoretação de águas subterrâneas por NIRS-PLS-DA
Authors: Pappis Cristiane , Librelotto Marcia , Baumann Luiza , Bertuzzo Rosane , Santos Ronaldo Bastos dos , Santos Roberta Oliveira , Lobo Eduardo Alexis , Costa Adilson Ben da
Published: November 2020

A desfluoretação de águas com excesso de íons fluoreto é fundamental para a saúde pública, visto que de acordo com a Portaria de Consolidação número 05 de 2017 do Ministério da Saúde, a ingestão de água com concentrações de flúor acima de 1,5 mg L-1, pode causar fluorose dentária em crianças. Dentre as técnicas empregadas para a desfluoretação, o método de adsorção usando carvão ativado de osso é um dos mais utilizados. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar a eficácia do carvão ativado de osso bovino, bem como do carvão vegetal e mineral para a desfluoretação de água, utilizando ferramentas quimiométricas para identificar possíveis adulterações no carvão ativado de osso. Assim, um planejamento fatorial foi realizado para misturar três componentes e testes de adsorção. A espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIRS, do inglês Near Infrared Spectroscopy) foi usada para construir um modelo de análise discriminante por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-DA, do inglês Discriminant Analysis by Partial Least Squares). Os resultados mostraram que o carvão ativado de osso é o material mais eficiente para desfluoretação, com capacidade de adsorção de 1,21 ± 0,06 mg g-1 (n = 3), significativamente superior à capacidade de adsorção do carvão vegetal e mineral (p < 0,05). Adulterações no carvão ativado de osso bovino foram identificadas por meio da análise discriminante, indicando que o NIRS-PLS-DA é uma alternativa eficiente para a caracterização e identificação desses adsorventes para sistemas de tratamento de água.
Cross-school ‘close-to-practice’ action research, system leadership and local civic partnership re-engineering an inner-city learning community
Authors: Dudley Peter , Pratt Martin , Gilbert Christine , Abbey Jon , Lang Jean , Bruckdorfer Helen
Published: November 2020

This article presents two sequential case reports of how 60 schools in the London Borough of Camden used action research in three phases of development of their local school system reform, from a traditional council-led, top-down model of centrally based professional development and monitoring of schools, to one that is schools-led and ‘bottom-up’ in nature, but still in close partnership with its local council and community. The article uses a sociocultural lens through which to view this journey of self-reform, tracking change through three evolutions of the sociocultural model as professional learning becomes situated in classrooms and between schools in Camden, as motivations to develop and change become increasingly intrinsic and less driven by fear of failure or the consequences of failure. Of critical importance is the feedback-rich context created by adoption of enquiry- and coaching-based learning models at classroom, organizational and system levels. This both fuels and is fuelled by the strategic collaboration of head teachers and by system leadership also provided by middle leaders, whose increased cross-school agency builds improvement capacity and collaborative capital. The article does not report on the action research alone: unlike many accounts of action research for change, this account provides a narrative backdrop in which to locate both scientific and system developments. This is provided through three short vignettes that place the changes reported in a societal, political and community context, without whose energetic actors (in the form of local political and community leaders and school governors) the local ‘civic governance’ so strongly behind these reforms, would not have existed.
Contradictions and challenges of fish slaughter in Brazil
Authors: Libanori Maria Clara , Casado Rafaela de Paula , Marcusso Paulo Fernandes , Sola Marília Cristina
Published: November 2020

Fish farming is an extremely important activity for the Brazilianmarket since it is currently on the rise. In order to obtain high-qualityproducts, some care is necessary from the breeding, involving facilities,adequate feeding, handling, harvesting, slaughtering, and packaging. Inthe fish farming chain, one of the most important moments is theslaughtering, because it is when the product undergoes modifications thatinterfere in its final quality, considering appearance, odor, texture, andpalatability. In the Regulation of Industrial and Sanitary Inspection ofProducts of Animal Origin (RIISPOA), there is little information thatrefers to the slaughter of fish, mainly about the appropriate way to beperformed, and the Normative Instruction No. 3 of the Ministry ofAgriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) of January 17, 2000,determines the standardization of stunning methods to humane slaughterin various animal species, except for fish. According to this bibliographicalreview, stunning by electrocution, a lethal blow to the head, and the bonemarrow section are the best techniques to be used, but there is still a lackof studies for standardization of methods. For this reason, this workgathers information about fish slaughter, as well as highlights the need forregulation by the relevant bodies.
Prepubic tendon rupture in Santa Inês ewe – case report
Authors: Cardoso de Barros da Conceição Fábia Fernanda , Laís Maria Viana Laís , De Sá Alves Franciele , Resgala Neves Marina , De Souza Coutinho Adriana , Shisei Toma Hugo
Published: November 2020

Prepubic tendon rupture may lead to the loss of pelvic floorsupport. A four-year-old Santa Inês ewe had been reported suffering fromapathy, progressive weight loss throughout ten days, and prolongedpregnancy. Physical exams showed an excessive pendulous abdomen, amild ventral edema between the udder and the umbilical scar (xiphoidregion). Also, the udder was cranially displaced and with hematomas.Other symptoms noticed were walking reluctance, pelvic asymmetry,tachycardia, and tachypnea. The urinalysis findings indicated the presenceof ketone bodies. The ultrasound examination confirmed the presence offetuses with normal development, and a potential rupture of theabdominal muscles was excluded. Eight days following its hospitalization,labor induction was carried out using dexamethasone (20mg, IM, singleapplication). She went into labor three days after the initial dose ofcorticosteroid. The ewe had difficulty expelling the lambs, making theirtraction necessary. Although the animal has recovered from its injuries,the clinical picture shows prepubic tendon rupture, and in order to preventfuture complications, the ewe is not going to breed anymore. The report ofthis case works as an alert to the possibility of the occurrence of thisaffection in ewes and demonstrates the need of parturition assistance inanimals with this condition, which can be diagnosed through clinicalevaluation and ultrasound examination.
Craig's Contradictory Kalam: Trouble at the Moment of Creation
Authors: Wielenberg Erik
Published: November 2020

William Lane Craig’s much-discussed kalam cosmological argument for God’s existence is intended to provide support for a particular theistic explanation of the origin of the universe.  I argue here that Craig’s theistic account of the origin of the universe entails two contradictions and hence should be rejected.  The main contribution of the paper is the identification of some relatively straightforward but previously unrecognized problems in Craig’s hypothesis that the beginning of the universe was a temporal effect of a timeless personal cause.
Documentation of Tai Ahom Manuscripts
Authors: Sharma Nilakshi
Published: November 2020

Tai Ahom language is an extinct language only practice during the cultural events or rituals of Ahom people. Endangered archives programme of British library is one of the major initiatives taken for the documentation and archiving endangered heritages of all over the world. A project, namely “Documenting, conserving and archiving the Tai Ahom manuscripts of Assam” is an initiative of British Library where total 55 manuscripts collections’ containing 474 individual manuscripts with 15088 images of Sibsagar district of Assam was digitally archived. The study describes various attributes of those collected manuscripts. Analysis of the study shows that most of the manuscripts were created during 18th century in Tai and Assamese language. Various historical, astrological, spiritual writings of our forefathers are there. Some are fortune telling manuscripts, Mantras, Religious prayers are there in the manuscripts.
The transnational job exchange project: a French-German TEP
Authors: Auffret Katja , Sens Aloisia
Published: November 2020

The technical institutions Institut Mines Télécom in Albi, France (IMT) and Trier University for Applied Sciences at the Environmental Campus of Birkenfeld, Germany (UCB) have been running Virtual Exchange (VE) projects since 2013. These projects allow the French and German students to use the vocabulary learned in class in a real context and to develop their interaction competencies. This case study reports on the latest project about job searches, in which teams with a German and a French partner were formed and different activities were created to gain insights into the job application procedure.
E+VE-SFI: developing spoken interaction in a foreign language
Authors: Vinagre Margarita , Wigham Ciara R. , Giralt Marta
Published: November 2020

E+VE-SFI (Erasmus+ Virtual Exchange – Spain, France, Ireland) is a higher-education VE between students from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and the University of Limerick (UL). Its primary aim is to develop the speaking skills of undergraduates enrolled in foreign language programmes. Running over a six-week period, students interact in pairs via videoconferencing to carry out a series of tasks using either the foreign language (UAM-UL) or English as a lingua franca (UAM-UCA). Finally, students participate in an online session mediated by E+VE facilitators whose purpose is to increase their intercultural awareness in preparation for their study abroad experience.
Uniwersytet i pracodawcy w Polsce i Hiszpanii. Konfrontacje, oczekiwania, perspektywy
Authors: Kurantowicz Ewa , Nizińska Adrianna , Padilla-Carmona Teresa , González-Monteagudo José
Published: November 2020

This paper is based on the partial results of EMPLOY research project. We present the Polish and Spanish employers’ perspectives, experiences and needs when it comes to the HE graduates. Before the empirical analyses we compare the political and cultural contexts of employability in both countries as also provide the review of the main Polish and Spanish research reports in this field.
Anna Dudak, Katarzyna Klimkowska, Sukces jako doświadczenie biograficzne ojców sprawujących opiekę nad dzieckiem, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2017, ss. 365.
Authors: Koperna Paulina
Published: November 2020

Recenzja książki: Anna Dudak, Katarzyna Klimkowska, Sukces jako doświadczenie biograficzne ojców sprawujących opiekę nad dzieckiem, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2017, ss. 365.
Sprawozdanie z IX Konferencji Organizacji Studenckich Wydziału Studiów Edukacyjnych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Poznań, 17 maja 2017 roku
Authors: Adamczewski Jakub Karol
Published: November 2020

Sprawozdanie z IX Konferencji Organizacji Studenckich Wydziału Studiów Edukacyjnych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Poznań, 17 maja 2017 roku
Sprawozdanie z Konferencji Naukowej „Nauczyciel wspierający i wspierany. Rola umiejętności interpersonalnych w pracy nauczyciela”, Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej w Warszawie, Warszawa, 16 grudnia 2016 roku
Authors: Michalak-Dawidziuk Joanna
Published: November 2020

Sprawozdanie z Konferencji Naukowej „Nauczyciel wspierający i wspierany. Rola umiejętności interpersonalnych w pracy nauczyciela”, Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej w Warszawie, Warszawa, 16 grudnia 2016 roku
Teoria – empiria – praktyka. Status metodologiczny nauk społecznych
Authors: Banaszak Sławomir
Published: November 2020

The mutual relations between theory (seen as a set of theoretical statements) and empiricism is of special importance, especially in pedagogics. Why? Since pedagogics is immersed in practice, everyday reality and the mundane. The author focuses his reflections on the observation of an insufficient use of the theoretical potential by contemporary social sciences. Obviously, this is accompanied by the insufficient use of the research potential, which in turn deepens the stagnation in the field of theory. The author takes into account the classical approaches to theory with its relations with empiricism and moreover indicates contemporary exemplifications of this state of affairs. He moreover claims that research results are inadequately linked to theoretical reflection and indicates the similarities and differences in this respect in the field of social sciences.
Przestrzeń międzygeneracyjna – relacje młodzieży z rodzicami
Authors: Karmolińska-Jagodzik Ewa
Published: November 2020

This article is an attempt to theoretically capture the concept of space in the context of intergenerational relations, in particular in the field of young people’s relations with their parents. The theoretical approaches undertaken induce an exemplification of the concept of space and its constituent elements, which are distinguished in intergenerational relations. The concept of space is depicted in the notion of social sciences. Intergenerational relations take place in a specific type of space, which consists of individual segments. Taking into account family relationships and ties encourages reflection on the uniqueness and diversity of aspects related to intergenerational relationships between young people and their parents.
Estudio comparativo sobre las expectativas laborales de estudiantes de la carrera de educación inicial y los estudiantes de profesionalización en servicio en la Universidad Metropolitana
Authors: Del Valle Mejías María Elena , García García Enrique
Published: November 2020

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal crear un marco teórico sobre el que comparar las expectativas laborales de los estudiantes de la carrera de Educación Inicial con las de los estudiantes del Programa de Profesionalización en Servicio de la Universidad Metropolitana, aunado a esto posee tres objetivos específicos que constan de indagar y constatar las expectativas laborales de ambos grupos y describir ambos perfiles de ingreso. La presente investigación no experimental de tipo descriptivo con metodología cuantitativa busca un enfoque orientado hacia la comunicación sostenible como principio potencialmente determinante para sus objetivos.
Comunicación efectiva y dominio afectivo en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas
Authors: De la Oliva Fernández Mercedes
Published: November 2020

La matemática ha sido y seguirá siendo fundamento riguroso e ineludible en una gran cantidad de disciplinas y especialidades, lo que muestra la necesidad de su inclusión y su potencial en muchas propuestas curriculares dentro de la formación académica a todos los niveles. Sin embargo, diversos autores la refieren como la menos popular de las disciplinas en casi cualquier plan de estudios. Esta falta de popularidad y, en consecuencia, las dificultades que se presentan tanto en su aprendizaje como en su enseñanza, tienen múltiples razones. Lo cierto es que está presente una significativa aversión de los estudiantes hacia las matemáticas, generando así los bajos niveles de rendimiento en esta área del conocimiento. En el presente artículo, se expondrán dos elementos considerados determinantes para el aprendizaje de las matemáticas. En primer lugar, la comunicación efectiva y el lenguaje como foco para que profesores y estudiantes lleguen a acuerdos sobre los significados de los objetos matemáticos compartidos y, en segundo lugar, el dominio afectivo, relacionado con las creencias, las actitudes y las emociones, que determinan la valoración subjetiva que cada individuo demuestra cuando se enfrenta a procesos de aprendizaje relacionados con las matemáticas y que son, precisamente, los responsables de las reacciones, más negativas que positivas, que expresan.
Comunicación sostenible y sociedad 2.0: particularidades en una relación de tres décadas
Authors: Aladro Vico Eva
Published: November 2020

El propósito de este artículo es ahondar en la materia de la comunicación sostenible, sus implicaciones y sus relaciones con otras materias dentro de las sinergias creadas por las nuevas tecnologías y por la creciente importancia de la sostenibilidad como valor dentro de la sociedad moderna. La comunicación sostenible se puede entender, a burdos brochazos, como comunicación corporativa o lobbying/cabildeo aplicado a la causa de la sostenibilidad. Sin embargo, es este último detalle el que le aporta características que la distinguen críticamente de otras ramas de la comunicación, y que interactúa de forma extraordinaria con las nuevas realidades TIC y 2.0.
Joker, o la salvación de los desechos
Authors: Gavlovski Johnny
Published: November 2020

El éxito de la película “Joker” (2019) ha venido acompañado de inquietud e incertidumbre. Tanto por la manera diferente en la que el filme trata a un personaje que la cultura pop ha encasillado en el rol de payaso malvado y demente que debe ser detenido a todo trance; como por la necesidad comercial y artística de comprender las causas de ese éxito o los entresijos argumentales del filme y de sus personajes. La sensación es que al payaso diabólico se le concede por vez primera el derecho a una motivación comprensible. Esto no es cierto: el personaje ha contado históricamente con profundas y bien argumentadas motivaciones. Es la locura del personaje –que predata a su encuentro con Batman y su célebre caída a la cuba de ácido- lo que no recibió una justificación más allá del defecto de nacimiento hasta el mítico Joker de Heath Ledger, que le aportó un cuadro típicamente freudiano. Phoenix y Phillips lo llevan un paso más allá, ahondando en las raíces de la locura y en la responsabilidad colectiva de la sociedad por aquellos a quienes el sistema no logra salvar. Se le permite a este Joker/Guasón protagonizar al fin su propia cinta, no como una excusa del comportamiento antisocial, sino como una explicación de las muy complejas causas que lo motivan frente a las comparativamente simples soluciones de lo que la sociedad llama orden público. Y como un aviso de que la gestión humana, forma parte también del desarrollo sostenible de una sociedad funcional.
Arrangement of Excitatory Synaptic Inputs on Dendrites of the Medial Superior Olive
Authors: Callan Alexander R. , Heß Martin , Felmy Felix , Leibold Christian
Published: November 2020

Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) detect 10 µs differences in the arrival times of a sound at the two ears. Such acuity requires exquisitely precise integration of binaural synaptic inputs. There is substantial understanding of how neuronal phase locking of afferent MSO structures, and MSO membrane biophysics subserve such high precision. However, we still lack insight into how the entirety of excitatory inputs is integrated along the MSO dendrite under sound stimulation. To understand how the dendrite integrates excitatory inputs as a whole, we combined anatomic quantifications of the afferent innervation in gerbils of both sexes with computational modeling of a single cell. We present anatomic data from confocal and transmission electron microscopy showing that single afferent fibers follow a single dendrite mostly up to the soma and contact it at multiple (median 4) synaptic sites, each containing multiple independent active zones (the overall density of active zones is estimated as 1.375 per μm2). Thus, any presynaptic action potential may elicit temporally highly coordinated synaptic vesicle release at tens of active zones, thereby achieving secure transmission. Computer simulations suggest that such an anatomic arrangement boosts the amplitude and sharpens the time course of excitatory postsynaptic potentials by reducing current sinks and more efficiently recruiting subthreshold potassium channels. Both effects improve binaural coincidence detection compared with single large synapses at the soma. Our anatomic data further allow for estimation of a lower bound of 7 and an upper bound of 70 excitatory fibers per dendrite.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPassive dendritic propagation attenuates the amplitude of postsynaptic potentials and widens their temporal spread. Neurons in the medial superior olive, with their large bilateral dendrites, however, can detect coincidence of binaural auditory inputs with submillisecond precision, a computation that is in stark contrast to passive dendritic processing. Here, we show that dendrites can counteract amplitude attenuation and even decrease the temporal spread of postsynaptic potentials, if active subthreshold potassium conductances are triggered in temporal coordination along the whole dendrite. Our anatomic finding that axons run in parallel to the dendrites and make multiple synaptic contacts support such coordination since incoming action potentials would depolarize the dendrite at multiple sites within a brief time interval.
Golgi-Dependent Copper Homeostasis Sustains Synaptic Development and Mitochondrial Content
Authors: Hartwig Cortnie , Méndez Gretchen Macías , Bhattacharjee Shatabdi , Vrailas-Mortimer Alysia D. , Zlatic Stephanie A. , Freeman Amanda A. H. , Gokhale Avanti , Concilli Mafalda , Werner Erica , Sapp Savas Christie , Rudin-Rush Samantha , Palmer Laura , Shearing Nicole , Margewich Lindsey , McArthy Jacob , Taylor Savanah , Roberts Blaine , Lupashin Vladimir , Polishchuk Roman S. , Cox Daniel N. , Jorquera Ramon A. , Faundez Victor
Published: November 2020

Rare genetic diseases preponderantly affect the nervous system causing neurodegeneration to neurodevelopmental disorders. This is the case for both Menkes and Wilson disease, arising from mutations in ATP7A and ATP7B, respectively. The ATP7A and ATP7B proteins localize to the Golgi and regulate copper homeostasis. We demonstrate genetic and biochemical interactions between ATP7 paralogs with the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, a Golgi apparatus vesicular tether. Disruption ofDrosophilacopper homeostasis by ATP7 tissue-specific transgenic expression caused alterations in epidermis, aminergic, sensory, and motor neurons. Prominent among neuronal phenotypes was a decreased mitochondrial content at synapses, a phenotype that paralleled with alterations of synaptic morphology, transmission, and plasticity. These neuronal and synaptic phenotypes caused by transgenic expression of ATP7 were rescued by downregulation of COG complex subunits. We conclude that the integrity of Golgi-dependent copper homeostasis mechanisms, requiring ATP7 and COG, are necessary to maintain mitochondria functional integrity and localization to synapses.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMenkes and Wilson disease affect copper homeostasis and characteristically afflict the nervous system. However, their molecular neuropathology mechanisms remain mostly unexplored. We demonstrate that copper homeostasis in neurons is maintained by two factors that localize to the Golgi apparatus, ATP7 and the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. Disruption of these mechanisms affect mitochondrial function and localization to synapses as well as neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. These findings suggest communication between the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria through homeostatically controlled cellular copper levels and copper-dependent enzymatic activities in both organelles.
Unraveling the Molecular Players at the Cholinergic Efferent Synapse of the Zebrafish Lateral Line
Authors: Carpaneto Freixas Agustín E. , Moglie Marcelo J. , Castagnola Tais , Salatino Lucia , Domene Sabina , Marcovich Irina , Gallino Sofia , Wedemeyer Carolina , Goutman Juan D. , Plazas Paola V. , Elgoyhen Ana Belén
Published: November 2020

The lateral line (LL) is a sensory system that allows fish and amphibians to detect water currents. LL responsiveness is modulated by efferent neurons that aid in distinguishing between external and self-generated stimuli, maintaining sensitivity to relevant cues. One component of the efferent system is cholinergic, the activation of which inhibits afferent activity. LL hair cells (HCs) share structural, functional, and molecular similarities with those of the cochlea, making them a popular model for studying human hearing and balance disorders. Because of these commonalities, one could propose that the receptor at the LL efferent synapse is a α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). However, the identities of the molecular players underlying ACh-mediated inhibition in the LL remain unknown. Surprisingly, through the analysis of single-cell expression studies andin situhybridization, we describe that α9, but not the α10, subunits are enriched in zebrafish HCs. Moreover, the heterologous expression of zebrafish α9 subunits indicates that homomeric receptors are functional and exhibit robust ACh-gated currents blocked by α-bungarotoxin and strychnine. In addition,in vivoCa2+imaging on mechanically stimulated zebrafish LL HCs show that ACh elicits a decrease in evoked Ca2+signals, regardless of HC polarity. This effect is blocked by both α-bungarotoxin and apamin, indicating coupling of ACh-mediated effects to small-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (SKs) channels. Our results indicate that an α9-containing (α9*) nAChR operates at the zebrafish LL efferent synapse. Moreover, the activation of α9* nAChRs most likely leads to LL HC hyperpolarization served by SK channels.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe fish lateral line (LL) mechanosensory system shares structural, functional, and molecular similarities with those of the mammalian cochlea. Thus, it has become an accessible model for studying human hearing and balance disorders. However, the molecular players serving efferent control of LL hair cell (HC) activity have not been identified. Here we demonstrate that, different from the hearing organ of vertebrate species, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor composed only of α9 subunits operates at the LL efferent synapse. Activation of α9-containing receptors leads to LL HC hyperpolarization because of the opening of small-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels. These results will further aid in the interpretation of data obtained from LL HCs as a model for cochlear HCs.
A Gradient of Sharpening Effects by Perceptual Prior across the Human Cortical Hierarchy
Authors: González-García Carlos , He Biyu J.
Published: November 2020

Prior knowledge profoundly influences perceptual processing. Previous studies have revealed consistent suppression of predicted stimulus information in sensory areas, but how prior knowledge modulates processing higher up in the cortical hierarchy remains poorly understood. In addition, the mechanism leading to suppression of predicted sensory information remains unclear, and studies thus far have revealed a mixed pattern of results in support of either the “sharpening” or “dampening” model. Here, using 7T fMRI in humans (both sexes), we observed that prior knowledge acquired from fast, one-shot perceptual learning sharpens neural representation throughout the ventral visual stream, generating suppressed sensory responses. In contrast, the frontoparietal and default mode networks exhibit similar sharpening of content-specific neural representation, but in the context of unchanged and enhanced activity magnitudes, respectively: a pattern we refer to as “selective enhancement.” Together, these results reveal a heretofore unknown macroscopic gradient of prior knowledge's sharpening effect on neural representations across the cortical hierarchy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA fundamental question in neuroscience is how prior knowledge shapes perceptual processing. Perception is constantly informed by internal priors in the brain acquired from past experiences, but the neural mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. To date, research on this question has focused on early visual regions, reporting a consistent downregulation when predicted stimuli are encountered. Here, using a dramatic one-shot perceptual learning paradigm, we observed that prior knowledge results in sharper neural representations across the cortical hierarchy of the human brain through a gradient of mechanisms. In visual regions, neural responses tuned away from internal predictions are suppressed. In frontoparietal regions, neural activity consistent with priors is selectively enhanced. These results deepen our understanding of how prior knowledge informs perception.
About Methods of Monitoring the Development of Children Under Seven Years of Age
Authors:   Federal Institute for Educational Development the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Doronova Tatyana Nikolaevna , Doronov Sergey Gennadievich ,   Federal Institute for Educational Development the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Кhaylova Elena Gennadievna ,   Federal Institute for Educational Development the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: November 2020

Today it is generally accepted that a child is an actively self-determining subject in human culture, and not an object of pedagogical influences. At the same time, the tendency that the development of a infants, toddlers and preschoolers children is a controlled and effective process is becoming more clear. This gives relevance to search and analyze various methods that make possible to determine the standart criteria for the development of a child at various stages of his childhood. Purpose. This work analyzes and compares four different approaches that differentially assess the development of a preschooler. The approaches are studied in the context of the compliance of the child’s normative characteristics with modern requirements for the content of preschool education and the realistic implementation of the methodology in mass pedagogical practice. Methodology and research methods. The research, was based on the principles of the cultural-historical treatment, the theory of activity and the principles of individualization of preschool education. The empirical part of the research is based on descriptive statistics of a survey of 25,462 teachers (upbringers) from 77 regions of the Russian Federation. Results. On the basis of the analysis of the approaches, the authors conclude that the «development maps» by N.А. Korotkova is the most appropriate method for observing the development of the children. In «development maps» the child is assessed on the basis of the level of initiative in the implementation of cultural practices typical of childhood - play, productive and cognitive-research activities and communication with peers implemented against their background. The chosen methodology is subjected to empirical verification for compliance with one of the most important criteria for practical implementation – availability for use without special training of teachers. Conclusion. “Development maps” can be used to solve a number of urgent problems: individualization of preschool education; fair assessment of the work of teachers; involving the parents of children in the educational process; building continuity between kindergarten and primary school.
Training of undergraduates in modern art and pedagogical education
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Shalyapin Oleg Vasilyevich , Kucherevskaya Marina Olegovna ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: November 2020

The article describes the essence of master’s education, actualizes the problems of master’s training of artists and teachers in modern Russia. It is suggested that the lack of qualification of the previous level of specialized education for master’s students violates the specifics of training in higher art education. The purpose of the article is to update the problems of master’s training of specialists who do not have a diploma in art and pedagogical education. Methodology. The study is built on the basis of a contextual approach, which made it possible to identify a problem relevant to the current state of art education related to the master’s training of an artist-teacher. The theoretical method was chosen as the main research method (analysis of regulatory documents and literature on the research problem, analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization and interpretation of data). Research result. The analysis of the state of implementation of the master’s training of the artist-teacher in Russian education made it possible to identify a problem that must be addressed at the legislative level. Artistic and pedagogical education has its own specifics, which must be taken into account when organizing recruitment for a master’s degree in the field of “Art Education”. The lack of thought of innovations has a negative impact on the quality of training of graduates who do not have a previous level of specialized education. Conclusion. In conclusion, the authors argue that applicants with a non-core education experience difficulties in a master’s program in art education, since they do not have a list of competencies required by the master’s training of an artist-teacher.
Formation of Readiness for Command Activity of Courses of Military Institutions
Authors:   Novosibirsk Military Institute named after Army General I.K. Yakovlev, troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, Tsybulko Alexey Alexandrovich
Published: November 2020

Problem and Aim. The author of the article investigated the study of the problem of formation of readiness for command activity of cadets of military institutes. This article examines the phenomenon of formation of readiness for command activity of cadets of military institutes as a pedagogical problem. The article describes the approbation of the pedagogical program and pedagogical technology of formation of readiness for command activity of cadets of military universities. The model of formation of readiness for command activity of cadets of military institutions presented in the article is a toolkit in which the optimal range of the value of active readiness of cadets is operationally presented, within which their training is seen as the most effective. The purpose of the article is consideration of the problem of preparedness for command activities of graduates of military institutes of the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation and the prospects for the implementation of a pedagogical program in the learning process at a military institute as a special branch of pedagogical knowledge on the problem of improving the sphere of scientific substantiation of innovations and experimental testing of models for improving pedagogical activity. Methodology. Methods of organizing and implementing educational and cognitive activities, stimulating and motivating to master educational and cognitive activities, teaching methods, teaching methods in the course of the practical application of knowledge by developing skills and abilities, methods of testing and evaluating learning outcomes.. The article considers the problem of the implementation of such a pedagogical phenomenon as the formation of readiness for command activity of cadets of military institutes, which is based on a pedagogical program based on the content-technological component of the structural-functional model of the formation of readiness for command activity of cadets of military institutes and the pedagogical technology of formation of readiness for command activities
Structural Regularities of Victim-Style Parameters of Managerial Activity in the Educational Space
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Andronnikova Olga Olegovna , Perevozkina Julia Mikhailovna ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Veterok Ekaterina Vladimirovna ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: November 2020

The problem end purpose. This article is devoted to the identification of structural patterns of leadership styles and propensity to victim behavior in male and female managers in educational institutions. Theoretical analysis of scientific sources has shown that the authoritarian management style is most important for the occurrence of victimization in the workplace, which leads to a significantly higher number of symptoms of psychological stress in employees. However, no research has been found on the specifics of gender-role characteristics of the relationship between victim parameters and management styles in the educational space, which was the purpose of the study. Methodology. In accordance with the goal, the study of leadership style, managerial functions and propensity to victim behavior was conducted in 166 managers of educational organizations in Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, including 100 men and 66 women. The age range was M = 44.2 years. Results. The obtained correlations (the R-Spearman criterion) demonstrate that there are twice as many relationships between management styles of managers and parameters of victim behavior in the female sample as in the male sample, while in the former there is a predominance of negative statistically significant relationships. It was found that the maximum structuring and organization of the main victim-style parameters of managers takes place in women to a greater extent than in men-managers. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the effectiveness of management activities in the field of higher education is determined not only by severity of management style and how he connected with the floor Manager, the victimization of the individual and the internal organization of the structure of their interactions. This means that structural effects are more important and effective in the management activities of heads of educational organizations.
Effectiveness and safety of rhIGF1 therapy in patients with or without Laron syndrome
Authors: Bang Peter , Woelfle Joachim , Perrot Valerie , Sert Caroline , Polak Michel
Published: November 2020

Objective

The European Increlex® Growth Forum Database Registry monitors the effectiveness and safety of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF1; mecasermin, Increlex®) therapy in patients with severe primary IGF1 deficiency (SPIGFD). We present data from patients with and without a reported genetic diagnosis of Laron syndrome (LS).

Design

Ongoing, open-label, observational registry (NCT00903110).

Methods

Children and adolescents receiving rhIGF1 therapy from 10 European countries were enrolled in 2008–2017 (n = 242). The treatment-naïve/prepubertal (NPP) cohort (n = 138) was divided into subgroups based on reported genetic diagnosis of LS (n = 21) or non-LS (n = 117). Multivariate analysis of the NPP-non-LS subgroup was conducted to identify factors predictive of growth response (first-year-height standard deviation score (SDS) gain ≥ 0.3). Assessments included change in height and weight over 5 years and adverse events (AEs).

Results

Height SDS gain from baseline was greater in the NPP-LS than the NPP-non-LS subgroup after 1 years’ treatment (P < 0.05). In the NPP-non-LS subgroup, 56% were responders; young age at baseline was a positive independent predictive factor (P < 0.001). NPP-non-LS-responders and the NPP-LS subgroup had a similar mean age (6.07 years vs 7.00 years) at baseline and height SDS gain in year 1 (0.64 vs 0.70), although NPP-non-LS-responders were taller (P < 0.001) at baseline. BMI SDS changes did not differ across subgroups. Treatment-emergent AEs were experienced by 65.3% of patients; hypoglycaemia was most common.

Conclusions

In most NPP children with SPIGFD, with or without LS, rhIGF1 therapy promotes linear growth. The safety profile was consistent with previous studies.
Realidad virtual como medio facilitador de actividad física en población en situación de discapacidad
Authors: Pinzón Iván Darío , Moreno Jorge Enrique
Published: November 2020

La práctica de actividad física regular tiene efectos positivos y protectores en la salud de los sujetos en diferentes poblaciones. En ciertos casos, la aplicación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como la realidad virtual para su praxis se hace necesaria para establecer medios terapéuticos que flexibilizan los espacios de la rehabilitación de las personas. Esta revisión de literatura tiene como objetivo analizar el uso de realidad virtual para facilitar la práctica de actividad física en población en situación de discapacidad. Los resultados incluyeron publicaciones que mencionan los efectos de la realidad virtual en la promoción de actividad física en dicha población. Posterior a la revisión documental, se determinaron tres apartados: 1) qué es realidad virtual, 2) la realidad virtual como método de rehabilitación del movimiento, y 3) realidad virtual, discapacidad y actividad física. Se pudo concluir que la aplicación de protocolos de realidad virtual puede promover cambios positivos en el desempeño físico y funcional en población en situación de discapacidad.
Impacto ambiental y COVID 19
Authors: Sonia Marcela Rosas Arango
Published: November 2020

Curso para padres de Familia USTA – “ROCCA SECCA” - Módulo de herramientas para la investigación y la innovación: Descubrimientos de la ciencia, COVID 19, qué enfrentamos perspectiva y prospectiva desarrollada por la Dirección de Investigación e Innovación.
Ansiedad y depresión en confinamiento
Authors: Mayra Alejandra Hernández Merchán
Published: November 2020

Curso para padres de Familia USTA – “ROCCA SECCA” - Módulo de herramientas para la investigación y la innovación: Descubrimientos de la ciencia, COVID 19, qué enfrentamos perspectiva y prospectiva desarrollada por la Dirección de Investigación e Innovación
Métricas de autor Luis Alberto Quiroga Baquero
Authors: Camilo Alejandro Corchuelo Rodriguez , Cristian Alexander Vega Mosquera , Luz Marina Paez
Published: November 2020

Informe de las métricas de autor del Dr. Luis Alberto Quiroga Baquero de las publicaciones indexadas en Google Académico cuyo objetivo es entregar un insumo para el fortalecimiento de las capacidades y potencialidades de los autores de la Universidad Santo Tomás en el posicionamiento y visibilidad de sus publicaciones.
Sodium–Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure: Recent Data and Implications for Practice
Authors: Rosano Giuseppe , Quek David , Martínez Felipe
Published: November 2020

Heart failure is a shared chronic phase of many cardiac diseases and its prevalence is on the rise globally. Previous large-scale cardiovascular outcomes trials of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have suggested that these agents may help to prevent primary and secondary hospitalisation due to heart failure and cardiovascular death in these patients. Data from the Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Incidence of Worsening Heart Failure or Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) and Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction (EMPEROR-Reduced) have demonstrated the positive clinical impact of SGLT2 inhibition in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction both with and without T2D. These data have led to the approval of dapagliflozin for the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, irrespective of T2D status. This article reviews the latest data reported from the DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced trials and their clinical implications for the treatment of patients with heart failure.
NEW CLIMATE INDICES IN ESTIMATION OF REGIONAL CLIMATE’S VARIABILITY
Authors: Nedealcov Maria
Published: November 2020

The specifics of climatic variability in recent decades, expressed by the frequent alternations of cold-hot and wet-dry periods, led to the author's elaboration of two climatic indices with the aim of highlighting the spatio-temporal features of regional climate manifestation. Given that excessive precipitations are becoming a more frequent phenomenon on the territory of the republic, the identification of the vulnerable areas and their devastated character is of particular interest, especially in the decision making for soils’ erosion processes. Nedealcov’s Rainfall Excess Danger Index (IPP), with the appropriate rainfall classes and the Thermal Variability Index (IVT) Thermal Singularities Variability Index (IVST) with the corresponding ratings is useful for this purpose. The development of digital maps and the temporal estimations obtained from these indices demonstrate their usefulness in identification of the variability of the regional climate, largely determined by global climate change.
PRESENT STATE OF RARE SPECIES LIGULARIA GLAUCA IN NORTHERN ROMANIA
Authors: Mânzu Ciprian Claudiu , Tomescu Cezar Valentin , Cîșlariu Alina Georgiana
Published: November 2020

Although the taxonomic issue of Ligularia glauca remains a subject for further research, the "Fânațele seculare de la Calafindeşti" Nature Reserve, maintains its scientific relevance. Dependent on different author’s opinion, this site preserves either the only L. glauca population from Romania, or the only L. carpatica population from the lower altitude xero-mesophylic meadows from Romania. Vegetation description dates from the last 40 years ago and is lacking information regarding the size of L. glauca population. Therefore, within the aim of our study is to inventory L. glauca population from Calafindesti and to highlight the main factors of anthropic origin with a negative effect on this population.
Isolation and Purification of Polysaccharides from Litchi Seeds, with an Analysis of in Vitro Hypoglycemic Effect
Authors: Pan Y.K. , Han Y.H. , Huang R.Q.
Published: November 2020

Polysaccharides from litchi (Litchi chinensis) seeds were isolated and puriﬁed using ion exchange column chromatography. Molecular weight distribution of polysaccharides and monosaccharides were detected. Preliminary structural characterisation of polysaccharides was conducted using infrared, nuclear magnetic, and other spectroscopy techniques in combination with methylation analysis. In vitro cell culture experiments were designed to detect the eﬀects of polysaccharides on cell growth and cellular glucose consumption. We extracted and analysed three polysaccharides from litchi seed. Monosaccharide composition and infrared spectroscopy detection showed that the skeleton structure of polysaccharides consisted of glucose and mannose. Polysaccharides 1 and 2 are similar and have relatively high glucose content (around 70%); polysaccharide 3 has 39.17% glucose only but is rich in arabinose (about 21.03%). In a certain range of use (50~1000 μg ml–1), polysaccharides 1 and 2 have no signiﬁcant impacts on cell growth, while polysaccharide 3 can promote proliferation to some extent. All three polysaccharides can promote in vitro cellular glucose consumption, especially polysaccharide 3, which shows the strongest promotion, a signiﬁcant dose eﬀect, and synergistic eﬀect with insulin. The above results highlight important roles of litchi seed polysaccharides in promoting cell growth and validate litchi seed polysaccharides as potential drugs for hypoglycaemia.
Nanotechnology in Food Systems: A Review
Authors: Kiss É.
Published: November 2020

Recent developments of nanotechnology ﬁnd its way into various ﬁelds of food production in our days. Nanotechnology could oﬀer beneﬁts in development of food products with enhanced functionality for health promotion, or modiﬁed texture convenient for elderly, and in quality and safety issues in the food supply chain. Nanoencapsulated bioactive components such as vitamins, antibacterial agents contribute to production of enriched food stuﬀs with the required appearance, ﬂavour, taste, and texture. Nanomaterials can protect the sensitive compounds from environmental attack, release them in a programmed way, and provide favourable improvement in the bioavailability of nutraceuticals. The innovative approach in food packaging, including the detection, indication, and control of food products, serves the quality and safety improvements.