bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light and Capillary Waves Propagation in Water Fibers
Authors: Douvidzon Mark L. , Maayani Shai , Martin Leopoldo L. , Carmon Tal
Published: November 2017

The confinement of light and sound, while they are traveling in fibers, enables a variety of light-matter interactions. Therefore, it is natural to ask if fibers can also host capillary waves. Capillary waves are similar to those we see when throwing a stone into a puddle. Such capillary waves are prohibited in microfluidic devices where the liquid is bounded by solid walls. In contrast, we have fabricated fibers, which are made entirely from water and are suspended in air. The water fiber can therefore move, e.g. in a resonant mode that reassembles the motion of a guitar string. In our experiment, light guided through the water fiber allows optical interrogation of is capillary oscillations. Co-confining two important oscillations in nature: capillary and electromagnetic, might allow a new type of devices called Micro-Electro-Capillary-Systems [MECS]. The softness of MECS is a million times higher when compared to what the current solid-based technology permits, which accordingly improves MECS response to minute forces such as small changes in acceleration. Additionally, MECS might allow new ways to optically interrogate viscosity and surface tension, as well as their changes caused by introducing an analyte into the system.
Ribosomal stress and Tp53-mediated neuronal apoptosis in response to capsid protein of the Zika virus
Authors: Slomnicki Lukasz P. , Chung Dong-Hoon , Parker Austin , Hermann Taylor , Boyd Nolan L. , Hetman Michal
Published: November 2017

We report here that in rat and human neuroprogenitor cells as well as rat embryonic cortical neurons Zika virus (ZIKV) infection leads to ribosomal stress that is characterized by structural disruption of the nucleolus. The anti-nucleolar effects were most pronounced in postmitotic neurons. Moreover, in the latter system, nucleolar presence of ZIKV capsid protein (ZIKV-C) was associated with ribosomal stress and apoptosis. Deletion of 22 C-terminal residues of ZIKV-C prevented nucleolar localization, ribosomal stress and apoptosis. Consistent with a casual relationship between ZIKV-C-induced ribosomal stress and apoptosis, ZIKV-C-overexpressing neurons were protected by loss-of-function manipulations targeting the ribosomal stress effector Tp53 or knockdown of the ribosomal stress mediator RPL11. Finally, capsid protein of Dengue virus, but not West Nile virus, induced ribosomal stress and apoptosis. Thus, anti-nucleolar and pro-apoptotic effects of protein C are flavivirus-species specific. In the case of ZIKV, capsid protein-mediated ribosomal stress may contribute to neuronal death, neurodevelopmental disruption and microcephaly.
Architectural diversity and galling insects on Caryocar brasiliense trees
Authors: Leite Germano Leão Demolin , Veloso Ronnie Von dos Santos , Zanuncio José Cola , Azevedo Alcinei Mistico , Silva Júlia Letícia , Wilcken Carlos Frederico , Soares Marcus Alvarenga
Published: November 2017

Galling insects are a highly sophisticated herbivore group on Caryocar brasiliense, a tree that represents the main income source for many communities. The effect of architectural diversity of C. brasiliense trees on galling insect community diversity and abundance was studied. The abundance of adult insects and galled leaves were seven and 1.6 times higher in trees with a greater height/width of canopy (RHW) ratio, respectively. Gall parasitoid richness was 1.8 times greater on trees with higher RHW. Zelus armillatus (Lepeletier & Serville) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and ant numbers were 5.8 and 2.7 higher on trees with the largest and smallest RHW, respectively. More complex plant architectures favored species diversity for galling insects and their natural enemies. The competition among four galling insect species for space and feeding and the evidence of “prudence strategy” were, for the first time, observed for galling insects in the Brazilian Cerrado biome.
Micro-sensors based on hypha-templated coaxial microfibers
Authors: Zhihua Li , Jiyong Shi , Xiaowei Huang , Xiaobo Zou , Xuetao Hu , Xucheng Zhou , Tahir Haroon Elrasheid
Published: November 2017

Coaxial microfibers were fabricated with hypha ofPenicilliumas versatile template, and their applicability to prepare micro-sensors was demonstrated.
Facile formation of mesoporous structured mixed-phase (anatase/rutile) TiO2 with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Fu Weiwei , Li Guode , Wang Yu , Zeng Shangjing , Yan Zhuojun , Wang Junwei , Xin Shigang , Zhang Lei , Wu Shiwei , Zhang Zongtao
Published: November 2017

A new mesoporous anatase/rutile TiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized at a lower calcination temperature, and exhibited a higher visible light photocatalytic activity.
The role of symmetry breaking in the structural trapping of light-induced excited spin states
Authors: Kulmaczewski Rafal , Trzop Elzbieta , Kershaw Cook Laurence J. , Collet Eric , Chastanet Guillaume , Halcrow Malcolm A.
Published: November 2017

Six isostructural compounds show differing agreement with the correlation T(LIESST) = T0 − 0.3T1/2 (red line; LIESST = Light-Induced Excited Spin-State Trapping). This reflects crystallographic symmetry breaking under LIESST conditions, exhibited by one of the compounds but not by two others.
Reversible modification of DNA by methyltransferase-catalyzed transfer and light-triggered removal of photo-caging groups
Authors: Anhäuser Lea , Muttach Fabian , Rentmeister Andrea
Published: November 2017

We developed analogs of S-adenosyl-l-methionine with photo-caging (PC) groups and demonstrated enzymatic transfer and light-triggered removal based on a DNA-methyltransferase and plasmid DNA.
Effect of deposition pressure on the structural and optical properties of Ga2O3films obtained by thermal post-crystallization
Authors: Liao Yikai , Jiao Shujie , Li Shaofang , Wang Jinzhong , Wang Dongbo , Gao Shiyong , Yu Qingjiang , Li Hongtao
Published: November 2017

β-Ga2O3films have been obtained by thermal annealing of amorphous thin films that were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering.
Theoretical identification of seven C80 fullerene isomers by XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy
Authors: Song Xiu-Neng , Hu Jing , Wang Sheng-Yu , Ma Yong , Zhou Yong , Wang Chuan-Kui
Published: November 2017

The molecular geometries and C1s NEXAFS spectra of seven IPR-satisfying isomers of fullerene C80.
Radical mechanism of a nucleophilic reaction depending on a two-dimensional structure
Authors: Lai Wenchuan , Yuan Yuehui , Wang Xu , Liu Yang , Li Yulong , Liu Xiangyang
Published: November 2017

This study reveals the radical mechanism of the nucleophilic substitution reaction of fluorinated graphene depending on its two-dimensional structure, which can be used to represent the chemistry characteristics of two-dimensional materials while enriching the research on nucleophilic substitution in the field of organic chemistry.
Exploration of H2 binding to the [NiFe]-hydrogenase active site with multiconfigurational density functional theory
Authors: Dong Geng , Ryde Ulf , Aa. Jensen Hans Jørgen , Hedegård Erik D.
Published: November 2017

The combination of density functional theory (DFT) with a multiconfigurational wave function is an efficient way to include dynamical correlation in calculations with multiconfiguration self-consistent field wave functions.
Photokinetic study on remarkable excimer phosphorescence from heteroleptic cyclometalated platinum(ii) complexes bearing a benzoylated 2-phenylpyridinate ligand
Authors: Okamura Naoki , Maeda Takeshi , Fujiwara Hideki , Soman Anjaly , Unni K. N. Narayanan , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai , Yagi Shigeyuki
Published: November 2017

Facilitation of the excimer formation process was kinetically elucidated for a cyclometalated platinum(ii) complex bearing a 5′-benzoylated 2-phenylpyridinate ligand.
Fluorescence quenching of the N-methylquinolinium cation by pairs of water or alcohol molecules
Authors: Rodríguez-Prieto Flor , Corbelle Carlos Costa , Fernández Berta , Pedro Jorge A. , Ríos Rodríguez M. Carmen , Mosquera Manuel
Published: November 2017

The proposed mechanism involves an electron transfer from H2O/ROH to the excited quinolinium, concerted with proton transfer to the second hydroxy molecule.
Computational investigations of electronic structure modifications of ferrocene-terminated self-assembled monolayers: effects of electron donating/withdrawing functional groups attached on the ferrocene moiety
Authors: Yokota Yasuyuki , Akiyama Sumito , Kaneda Yukio , Imanishi Akihito , Inagaki Kouji , Morikawa Yoshitada , Fukui Ken-ichi
Published: November 2017

The electronic structures of chemically modified electrodes can be tuned by the functional groups attached on the redox center.
Structure–activity relationships for ruthenium and osmium anticancer agents – towards clinical development
Authors: Meier-Menches Samuel M. , Gerner Christopher , Berger Walter , Hartinger Christian G. , Keppler Bernhard K.
Published: November 2017

The drug discovery process of ruthenium and osmium anticancer therapeutics is described, including global structure–activity relationships.
A microfluidic chip capable of generating and trapping emulsion droplets for digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification analysis
Authors: Ma Yu-Dong , Luo Kang , Chang Wen-Hsin , Lee Gwo-Bin
Published: November 2017

A microfluidic droplet array chip was designed to execute the digital LAMP. This novel device was capable of 1) creating emulsion droplets, 2) sorting them into a trapping array, and 3) executing LAMP for only 40 min. Nucleic acids could be accurately quantified and the limit of detection was only single DNA molecule.
A β-carboline derivative-based nickel(ii) complex as a potential antitumor agent: synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity
Authors: Yang Jing-Mei , Zhu Yan-Hong , Chen Sheng , Lu Xing , Wu Yi-Ming , Ma Feng-E , Li Liang-Ping , Yang Yang , Shi Zhen-Hao , Huang Kun-Yuan , Hong Xue , Jiang Ping , Peng Yan
Published: November 2017

A novel nickel(ii) complex was synthesized and characterized. It significantly induced cell cycle arrest at S phase, and caused the down-regulation of p-AKT, cyclin E, cyclin A and CDK2 and the up-regulation of p27.
Protein networks in the maturation of human iron–sulfur proteins
Authors: Ciofi-Baffoni Simone , Nasta Veronica , Banci Lucia
Published: November 2017

The maturation of human Fe–S proteins is a complex process involving protein–protein interaction networks distributed across different cellular compartments.
Fabrication of chemically andin situmodified carbon paste electrodes for the potentiometric determination of chlorpromazine HCl in pure pharmaceutical preparations, urine and serum
Authors: Mohamed Gehad G. , Frag Eman Y. Z. , Zayed M. A. , Omar M. M. , Elashery Sally E. A.
Published: November 2017

Newly developed modified andin situmodified carbon paste sensors were developed for the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZHC) in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids (urine and serum).
Metallic CuNPs confined in hollow silicalite-1: excellent catalytic efficiency inp-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Das Rituparna , Ghosh Sourav , Naskar Milan Kanti
Published: November 2017

Metallic CuNPs (10–40 nm) confined in a hollow silicalite-1 zeolite showed excellent catalytic activities for the reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP with an apparent rate constant value of 5.6 × 10−3s−1.
Cellular traction forces: a useful parameter in cancer research
Authors: Li Zhen , Persson Henrik , Adolfsson Karl , Abariute Laura , Borgström Magnus T. , Hessman Dan , Åström Kalle , Oredsson Stina , Prinz Christelle N.
Published: November 2017

The effects of an anticancer drug is reflected in the traction forces of cancer and normal cells, which are measured using vertical nanowires.
Polymer brush guided templating on well-defined rod-like cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Morits Maria , Hynninen Ville , Nonappa Nonappa , Niederberger Antoine , Ikkala Olli , Gröschel André H. , Müllner Markus
Published: November 2017

Precisely grafted polymer brushes on cellulose nanocrystals guide the formation of silica and yield uniform CNC-based hybrid nanomaterials which are subsequently used in the fabrication of hollow and highly porous silica nanorods.
SET-LRP mediated by TREN in biphasic water–organic solvent mixtures provides the most economical and efficient process
Authors: Moreno Adrian , Grama Silvia , Liu Tong , Galià Marina , Lligadas Gerard , Percec Virgil
Published: November 2017

Screening ligands and solvents for economical and efficient biphasic SET-LRP.
Insulin selectively reduces mitochondrial uncoupling in brown adipose tissue in mice
Authors: Dallon Blake W. , Parker Brian A. , Hodson Aimee E. , Tippetts Trevor S. , Harrison Mitchell E. , Appiah M. Marissa A. , Witt Jeffrey E. , Gibbs Jonathan L. , Gray Harrison M. , Sant Thomas M. , Bikman Benjamin T.
Published: November 2017

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of prolonged hyperinsulinemia on mitochondrial respiration and uncoupling in distinct adipose tissue depots. Sixteen-week-old male mice were injected daily with placebo or insulin to induce an artificial hyperinsulinemia for 28 days. Following the treatment period, mitochondrial respiration and degree of uncoupling were determined in permeabilized perirenal, inguinal, and interscapular adipose tissue. White adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondria (inguinal and perirenal) respire at substantially lower rates compared with brown adipose tissue (BAT). Insulin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in mitochondrial respiration in inguinal WAT (iWAT) and interscapular BAT (iBAT), but not in perirenal WAT (pWAT). Furthermore, these changes were accompanied by an insulin-induced reduction in UCP-1 (uncoupling protein 1) and PGC-1α in iWAT and iBAT only, but not in pWAT or skeletal muscle. Compared with adipose tissue mitochondria in placebo conditions, adipose tissue from hyperinsulinemic mice manifested a site-specific reduction in mitochondrial respiration probably as a result of reduced uncoupling. These results may help explain weight gain so commonly seen with insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Sex-specific cardiovascular susceptibility to ischaemic myocardial injury following exposure to prenatal hypoxia
Authors: Zeman Michal , Okuliarova Monika
Published: November 2017

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and hypertension contributes substantially to the incidence of stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and peripheral vascular disease. The origin of hypertension is clearly multifactorial, and a complex and multifaceted approach is necessary to decrease its incidence. The most recognizable factors involved in reducing the incidence of hypertension are prevention, early diagnosis and treatment; however, the importance of the foetal environment and early postnatal development has recently been considered. In clinical practice, these factors are still frequently overlooked, probably because of a lack of knowledge about the underlying mechanisms and effective treatment or prevention. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the prenatal programming of CVDs were investigated in the study by Shah et al. published recently in Clinical Science (2017) 131(17), 2303–2317. The study explored cardiac susceptibility of adult male and female rat offspring to ischaemic myocardial injury due to prenatal exposure to hypoxia. The results demonstrated significant changes in global cardiac function and left ventricular dilatation following myocardial infarction in rat offspring prenatally exposed to hypoxia. The effects were gender specific and occurred only in males, whereas females were protected. These findings are important from several perspectives. First, they point to the fact that an inadequate foetal environment can increase susceptibility to death from myocardial infarction. Second, during their reproductive life, females are better protected from cardiovascular insult than males, but it is not known if they lose this advantage after menopause, and can be equally at risk as males.
Gathering dust: A galaxy-wide study of dust emission from cloud complexes in NGC 300
Authors: Riener M. , Faesi C. M. , Forbrich J. , Lada C. J.
Published: November 2017

Aims. We use multi-band observations by the Herschel Space Observatory to study the dust emission properties of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 300. We compile a first catalogue of the population of giant dust clouds (GDCs) in NGC 300, including temperature and mass estimates, and give an estimate of the total dust mass of the galaxy.

Methods. We carried out source detection with the multiwavelength source extraction algorithm getsources. We calculated physical properties, including mass and temperature, of the GDCs from five-band Herschel PACS and SPIRE observations from 100 to 500 μm; the final size and mass estimates are based on the observations at 250 μm that have an effective spatial resolution of ~170 pc. We correlated our final catalogue of GDCs to pre-existing catalogues of HII regions to infer the number of GDCs associated with high-mass star formation and determined the Hα emission of the GDCs.

Results. Our final catalogue of GDCs includes 146 sources, 90 of which are associated with known HII regions. We find that the dust masses of the GDCs are completely dominated by the cold dust component and range from ~1.1 × 103 to 1.4 × 104 M⊙. The GDCs have effective temperatures of ~13–23 K and show a distinct cold dust effective temperature gradient from the centre towards the outer parts of the stellar disk. We find that the population of GDCs in our catalogue constitutes ~16% of the total dust mass of NGC 300, which we estimate to be about 5.4 × 106 M⊙. At least about 87% of our GDCs have a high enough average dust mass surface density to provide sufficient shielding to harbour molecular clouds. We compare our results to previous pointed molecular gas observations in NGC 300 and results from other nearby galaxies and also conclude that it is very likely that most of our GDCs are associated with complexes of giant molecular clouds.
How to constrain mass and spin of supermassive black holes through their disk emission
Authors: Campitiello Samuele , Ghisellini Gabriele , Sbarrato Tullia , Calderone Giorgio
Published: November 2017

We investigate the global properties of the radiation emitted by the accretion disk around Kerr black holes. Using the Kerr blackbody numerical model, we build an analytic approximation of the disk emission features focusing on the pattern of the produced radiation as a function of the black hole spin, mass, accretion rate and viewing angle. The assumption of having a geometrically thin disk limits our analysis to systems emitting below ~0.3 of the Eddington luminosity. We apply this analytical model to four blazars (whose jets are pointing at us) at high redshift that show clear signatures of disk emission. For them, we derive the black hole masses as a function of spin. If these jetted sources are powered by the black hole rotation, they must have high spin values, further constraining their masses.
The Structure Elucidation of Haprolid
Authors: Kalesse Markus , Li Jun , Xing Jun , Lücke Daniel , Lübken Dennis , Millbrodt Lucas , Plentz Ruben
Published: November 2017

The assignment of two stereocenters of the natural product haprolid through the application of a profile hidden Markov model (HMM) and its confirmation through total synthesis of the natural product and of two of its diastereomers are reported. The structure elucidation of this polyketide-peptide hybrid natural product is a telling showcase of how difficult it can be to determine the absolute configuration of isolated stereocenters and the benefits of a gene cluster analysis for structure determination. The key steps of the synthesis are a selective epoxidation of a terminal olefin and the stereodivergent macrolactonization strategy. Furthermore, the biological evaluation of all products showed that all diastereomers are potent inhibitors of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.
Free Peroneal Artery Perforator-Based Flap for Soft Tissue Reconstruction of the Finger
Authors: Kawamura Kenji , Yajima Hiroshi , Omokawa Shohei , Shimizu Takamasa , Hayashi Satoshi , Maegawa Naoki , Nakanishi Yasuaki , Kira Tsutomu , Onishi Tadanobu , Hayami Naoki , Hasegawa Hideo , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: November 2017

Background The peroneal artery perforator-based flap has been widely used as a pedicled propeller flap for soft tissue reconstruction in the lower extremity; however, its application as a free flap has been rarely reported. We report on the utility of the free peroneal artery perforator-based flap for finger soft tissue reconstruction.

Methods Twelve patients underwent reconstructions of soft tissue defects of the finger with free peroneal artery perforator-based flaps. The soft tissue defects were located either dorsally and/or laterally on the fingers. The size of the flaps ranged from 5 × 2 to 8 × 3 cm. The length of the vascular pedicles ranged from 4 to 5 cm. The artery and vein of the perforator vessels were anastomosed in the finger to the digital artery and subcutaneous vein, respectively.

Results All twelve flaps survived completely, and the donor site in the lower leg was closed primarily in all cases. Secondary defatting was performed in six cases, while in the remaining cases, thinning of the flap was performed when the flap was transferred.

Conclusion The advantages of the free peroneal artery perforator-based flap for finger soft tissue reconstruction include the following: the flap is flexible and can be thinned to match the texture of the finger; elevation of the flap is easy; the donor site can be closed primarily; there is no need to sacrifice any main arteries in the lower leg; and the diameter of the perforator vessels is suitable for anastomosis to the digital artery and subcutaneous vein in the finger.
Bacteremia, without Endocarditis, due to Streptococcus gallolyticus Subspecies gallolyticus in an Infant with Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Rizzo Viviana , Di Caprio Giovanni , Carannante Novella , Rescigno Carolina , Rossi Marco , Bernardo Mariano , Cuccurullo Susanna , Tascini Carlo
Published: November 2017

Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGSG) is a rare cause of bacteremia in infants. We are reporting a case of bacteremia without endocarditis in a patient affected by tetralogy of Fallot. In the suspect of cerebral involvement, a brain image study might be useful to rule out brain abscesses or embolism. When antibiotic treatment is promptly started, prognosis is good, even with only 2 weeks of effective antibiotic therapy.
Stellenwert der Navigation
Authors: Jarvers Jan-Sven , Spiegl Ulrich , Glasmacher Stefan , Heyde Christoph , Josten Christoph
Published: November 2017

Importance of Navigation Navigation and intraoperative imaging have undergone an enormous development in recent years. By using intraoperative navigation, the precision of pedicle screw implantation can be increased in the sense of patient safety. Especially in the case of complex defects or tumor diseases, navigation is a decisive aid. As a result of the constantly improved technology, the requirements for reduced radiation exposure and intraoperative control can also be met. The high costs of the devices can be amortized, for example by a reduced number of revisions. This overview presents the principles of navigation in spinal surgery and the advantages and disadvantages of the different navigation procedures.
Phantomschmerz – „Ich spüre was, wo nichts mehr ist!“
Authors: Weiß Thomas
Published: November 2017

Prof. Dr. Thomas Weiß ist Physiologe und Experte auf dem Gebiet Phantomschmerz und hat das Wichtigste zum Beschwerdebild zusammengefasst. Wer sich intensiv mit der Pathophysiologie auseinandersetzt, versteht die komplexen Zusammenhänge und die Diskussion um Behandlungsansätze wie Spiegeltherapie und virtuelle Realität.
Die Rechtsfrage: Muss Fahrzeit wie Arbeitszeit vergütet werden?
Authors: Bossow Karsten
Published: November 2017

„Ich arbeite an zwei Standorten eines Reha-Zentrums. Mein Arbeitgeber verlangt, dass ich für die Fahrt von einer Einrichtung zur anderen nur 30 Minuten berechne. Tatsächlich benötige ich mit den Öffentlichen 1,5 Stunden. Muss ich dafür wirklich meine Freizeit opfern?”

Therapeutin aus Nordrhein-Westfalen
Der Musculus iliocapsularis – Hallo, Fremder!
Authors: Selidis Damianos , Ziegler Stephan
Published: November 2017

Schon mal vom M. iliocapsularis gehört? Nein? Dann geht es Ihnen wie den beiden Autoren, als sie das erste Mal von ihm erfuhren. Sie haben sich auf Spurensuche gemacht und herausgefunden, wo der Muskel liegt und wann er aktiviert wird. Ihr Fazit: Es lohnt sich, ihn zu kennen und zu trainieren.
Behandlungsalgorithmus von Wundinfektionen an der Wirbelsäule mit ersten Ergebnissen einer retrospektiven Studie zur Behandlung von postoperativen Wundinfektionen mit Vakuumsystemen
Authors: Rickert M. , Fleege C. , Rauschmann M.
Published: November 2017

Die postoperative Wundinfektion ist eine der häufigsten Komplikationen in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie. Sie verlängert den Leidensweg des Patienten und stellt oftmals eine große Herausforderung an das gesamte Behandlungsteam dar. Zahlreiche Risikofaktoren sind in der Literatur bereits beschrieben, die es präoperativ zu optimieren gilt, um Infektionen zu vermeiden. Bezüglich der Therapie von Wundinfektionen gibt es bei mangelnder Studienlage keine einheitlichen Richtlinien. Oftmals sind mehrere Revisionen erforderlich, bis eine Wundinfektion zur Ausheilung kommt. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird ein interner Algorithmus zur Behandlung postoperativer Wundinfektionen vorgestellt. Unter Zuhilfenahme der VAC-Therapie bei tiefen Wundinfektionen zeigt sich eine erfolgreiche Infektsanierung vor allem auch im Hinblick auf den Implantaterhalt. Zukünftige Studien können helfen die Therapie der Wundinfektionen weiter zu optimieren, die Anzahl der Revisionen zu senken und allgemeingültige Standards zu entwickeln.
Therapiemonitoring beim metastasierten kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Hinz Stefan
Published: November 2017

Für die Behandlung des metastasierten kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinoms (mCRPC) stehen aktuell als Therapieoptionen Abirateronacetat, Enzalutamid, Docetaxel, Cabazitaxel und Radium-223 zur Verfügung, wobei die optimale Abfolge in der Therapiesequenz noch unklar ist. Es existieren auch noch keine verlässlichen prädiktiven Biomarker zur Vorhersage des Therapieansprechens und damit zur besseren Patientenselektion. Für das Gesamtüberleben ist entscheidend, dass jeder Patient möglichst alle verfügbaren Therapieoptionen erhält. Dies setzt ein frühzeitiges Erkennen einer Progression als Indikation für einen Therapiewechsel voraus. In diesem Zusammenhang ist die Durchführung eines strukturierten Therapiemonitorings im klinischen Alltag wichtig.
Diagnostik und Therapie akuter Erkrankungen der thorakalen Aorta
Authors: Schotten Sebastian , Pitton Michael
Published: November 2017

Akute Erkrankungen der thorakalen Aorta sind zwar eher selten, aber lebensbedrohlich. Sie erfordern daher eine rasche Diagnostik und Therapie. Diagnostisch spielt dabei die CT-Angiografie die zentrale Rolle, therapeutisch stehen der offene Ersatz bei der Aorta ascendens und die endovaskulären Therapieverfahren bei der Aorta descendens an erster Stelle.
Wissenschaftsnetzwerke in Public Health: Voraussetzungen wirksamer Nachhaltigkeit aus soziologischer Perspektive
Authors: Pfaff Holger , Ohlmeier Silke
Published: November 2017

Im Whitepaper Public Health wird die Vision entworfen, dass Public Health als lebendiges, dezentrales Netzwerk dazu beitragen kann, den Gesundheitszustand der Bevölkerung nachhaltig zu verbessern. Doch offen bleibt die zentrale Frage, welche Voraussetzungen Public-Health-Netzwerke erfüllen sollten, um nachhaltig wirksam zu sein. Anliegen dieses Beitrags ist es, zur Beantwortung dieser Frage aus soziologischer Sicht Denk- und Diskussionsanstöße zu geben. Entlang der strukturfunktionalen Theorie von Parsons wird die These aufgestellt, dass Wissenschaftsnetzwerke in Public Health zur Sicherung ihrer Nachhaltigkeit und Wirksamkeit Strukturen benötigen, die gewährleisten, dass die 4 Grundfunktionen handlungsfähiger sozialer Netzwerke – (1) Anpassung, (2) Zielverwirklichung, (3) Integration und (4) Strukturmustererhaltung – erfüllt werden. Auf dieser theoretischen Basis werden Vorschläge zur Etablierung funktionaler formaler Strukturen in den Public-Health-Netzwerken formuliert.
Demografischer und sozialer Wandel
Authors: Geisel Bertram , Lampert Thomas , Wurm Susanne , Thyen Ute
Published: November 2017

Der demografische und soziale Wandel erfolgt aufgrund einer Veränderung der Altersstruktur und des Erwerbslebens insbesondere von Frauen, zunehmender kultureller Diversität, ungleichen Bildungschancen von Kindern und Jugendlichen sowie regionaler Variation in den Versorgungsangeboten. Die Bewältigung der Aufgaben erfordert flexible, responsive und integrierte Versorgungs- und Gesundheitssysteme, die an jeder Stelle eine Beteiligung der Betroffenen und die Wahrnehmung ihrer Perspektiven ermöglichen. Ein bedarfsgerechtes Monitoring und Wissensmanagement leiten qualitätsgesichertes und evidenzbasiertes Wissen in alle Politikbereiche und in weitere gesellschaftlich relevante Sektoren weiter („Health in All Policies“).
Governance – Staatliches Handeln: Stärkung von Public Health durch mehr öffentliche Verantwortung für Gesundheit
Authors: Altgeld Thomas
Published: November 2017

In Deutschland besteht erheblicher Handlungsbedarf für eine systematische Stärkung von Public Health durch mehr öffentliche Verantwortung für Gesundheit. Ein Good Governance Ansatz für Gesundheit wurde bislang nicht entwickelt. Wesentliche Handlungsfelder wären die Etablierung eines Health Impact Assessments für Gesetzesvorhaben, der Ausbau des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes sowie ein neuer Stellenwert von Verhältnisprävention. Notwendig ist zudem eine Orientierung des staatlichen Handelns an der gesundheitlichen Daseinsvorsorge und damit verbunden die Stärkung der kommunalen Ebene als relevanter Entscheidungsstruktur für Gesundheit.
Livestock-handling assessments to improve the welfare of cattle, pigs and sheep
Authors: Grandin T.
Published: November 2017

Assessing animal welfare during handling for veterinary procedures or loading onto a truck is simpler than is assessing welfare in housing. The first step is preventing acts of abuse that everybody who is interested in animal welfare would want stopped. Acts of abuse include beating animals, poking sensitive areas, dragging downed animals, deliberate slamming of gates on animals or deliberate driving animals over the top of downed animals. The next step is to implement objective numerical scoring of animal handling. The outcome measures that should be used are percentage of animals that fall, strike fences or gates, vocalise during restraint, are miscaught in the head stanchion or are moved with electric goads. Repeating these measurements over a period of time will make it possible to determine whether practices are improving or deteriorating. Further improvements in handling can be obtained with stockmanship training. Physiological measures of stress such as cortisol, lactate or glucose are useful for assessing handling methods because handling is a short-term stressor.
The Dawn of Dutch
Authors: de Vaan Michiel
Published: November 2017

The Low Countries are famous for their radically changing landscape over the last 1,000 years. Like the landscape, the linguistic situation has also undergone major changes. In Holland, an early form of Frisian was spoken until, very roughly, 1100, and in parts of North Holland it disappeared even later. The hunt for traces of Frisian or Ingvaeonic in the dialects of the western Low Countries has been going on for around 150 years, but a synthesis of the available evidence has never appeared. The main aim of this book is to fill that gap. It follows the lead of many recent studies on the nature and effects of language contact situations in the past. The topic is approached from two different angles: Dutch dialectology, in all its geographic and diachronic variation, and comparative Germanic linguistics. In the end, the minute details and the bigger picture merge into one possible account of the early and high medieval processes that determined the make-up of western Dutch.
Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from the whole farm.
Authors: Wagner-Riddle C. , VanderZaag A. , Jaysundara S. , Congreves K.
Published: November 2017

Greenhouse gases (GHG: carbon dioxide, CO
2
; methane, CH
4
; and nitrous oxide, N
2
O) are produced as part of the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycle on farms. Livestock production, N fertilizer use and rice cultivation are the main farm activities producing CH
4
and N
2
O, while CO
2
emissions are due to land use change. Farming in Asia, Africa and South America contribute 75% of global GHG emissions. Consideration of emission scaled by unit of product such as milk, meat, or grain (GHG intensity) is important when assessing mitigation practices, which should target: reduction in CH
4
emission from enteric fermentation and from manure storage; reduction in N
2
O emissions from soils and CH
4
emissions from rice paddies; increase in C uptake and storage on farms. Improved production efficiency of ruminant livestock on farms results in decreased GHG intensity because more production and lower manure volumes are obtained from fewer animals. Direct interventions can also be made to reduce enteric CH
4
emissions, such as feeding additives or compounds interfering with microbial processed that result in CH
4
production. Reducing CH
4
emissions by changing the form of manure stored from liquid to solid; preventing methanogenesis; and capturing the CH
4
through covers and flaring or anaerobic digestion; are recommended. Increasing organic matter input to soils or reducing decomposition rates by various practices partly can offset farm level GHG emissions. Management of N fertilizer, and alternative wetting cycles in rice paddy cultivation can reduce N
2
O and CH
4
emissions from soils, respectively. Management packages that consider regional needs, synergies and trade-offs for whole-farm GHG emission reduction need to be developed.
Protecting the state: Russian repressive tactics in the North Caucasus
Authors: Zhirukhina Elena
Published: November 2017

Since the end of the second Chechen campaign, the North Caucasus counterinsurgency has experienced the shift from military involvement toward prevalence of law enforcement instruments. This paper discusses the composition of repressive tactics that the Russian state developed as a result of the two decades long evolution of a counter strategy designed to eliminate illegal armed groups operating in the North Caucasus. It is focused on the late stages of conflict (2007-2014) when the violence that had spread across the region started in the early 2000s had symbolically culminated in 2007 with the proclamation of the Caucasian Emirate. This paper advances a reconceptualization of the Russian counterinsurgency by devising an analysis of indiscriminate and discriminate repressive tactics. It demonstrates that security agencies incorporated more selective uses of violence into their tactics, thereby reducing the number of indiscriminate violent actions to an insignificant level. Moreover, along with selective violence, security institutions reinforced their effort by conducting preventive work such as the detection of secret caches of weapons, seizures, and arrests. Findings regarding the current composition of repressive tactics are illustrated by means of new disaggregated media-based data that were especially collected and analyzed to form the basis of this research.
Determination of the predictive clinical parameters to diagnose chronic exertional compartment syndrome
Authors: Fouasson‐Chailloux Alban , Menu Pierre , Allorent Jérémie , Dauty Marc
Published: November 2017

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is characterized by pain occurring during physical activity. As clinical examination is not sufficient to diagnose it, intracompartmental pressure (ICP) measure is used for CECS confirmation. Numerous clinical signs are reported but their diagnosis predictive ability has never been studied. We aimed to determine if the 12 classically reported clinical signs are predictive of CECS. We performed a single‐centre retrospective cohort study on patients referred for CECS suspicion. Patients were asked to run on a treadmill. When pain occurred, post‐exercise ICP was performed. We diagnosed CECS if the ICP was ≥30 mmHg and used a logistic regression to calculate the predictive value of clinical signs. One hundred twenty‐five patients were evaluated. Ninety‐six had CECS and 29 did not, according to the ICP 30 mmHg cut‐off. Anterior and lateral compartments were the most frequently affected. After exercise, mean ICP was 58.6 mmHg ± 20.5 in the group with CECS versus 20.9 mmHg ± 4 in the group without (p < .001). Muscle hardness, muscle hernia after exercise, absence of pain at rest and pain recidivism for the same exercise were predictive of CECS. The predictive model associated muscle hardness (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.18; p < .001) and muscle hernia after exercise (OR = 1.44; p < .001). This model identified 88.6% of CECS subjects. The ROC curve area was 0.808 [95% CI: 0.71–0.90]. This study confirmed the importance of clinical parameters to diagnose CECS. A better knowledge of the relevant parameters could help physicians to indicate invasive examinations.
Combination Therapy With Neuraminidase and Polymerase Inhibitors in Nude Mice Infected With Influenza Virus
Authors: Kiso Maki , Lopes Tiago J S , Yamayoshi Seiya , Ito Mutsumi , Yamashita Makoto , Nakajima Noriko , Hasegawa Hideki , Neumann Gabriele , Kawaoka Yoshihiro
Published: November 2017

Background

Treatment of immunocompromised, influenza virus–infected patients with the viral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir often leads to the emergence of drug-resistant variants. Combination therapy with compounds that target different steps in the viral life cycle may improve treatment outcomes and reduce the emergence of drug-resistant variants.

Methods

Here, we infected immunocompromised nude mice with an influenza A virus and treated them with neuraminidase (oseltamivir, laninamivir) or viral polymerase (favipiravir) inhibitors, or combinations thereof.

Results

Combination therapy for 28 days increased survival times compared with monotherapy, but the animals died after treatment was terminated. Mono- and combination therapies did not consistently reduce lung virus titers. Prolonged viral replication led to the emergence of neuraminidase inhibitor–resistant variants, although viruses remained sensitive to favipiravir. Overall, favipiravir provided greater benefit than neuraminidase inhibitors.

Conclusions

Collectively, our data demonstrate that combination therapy in immunocompromised hosts increases survival times, but does not suppress the emergence of neuraminidase inhibitor–resistant variants.
Extensively re-organized systemic lymph nodes provide a feasible environment for self-reactivity in lupus-prone NZB × NZW F1 mice
Authors: Kurosawa Yoichi , Ozawa Madoka , Kanda Yasuhiro , Takeuchi Arata , Kawamura Toshihiko , Narita Ichiei , Katakai Tomoya
Published: November 2017

Lymphadenopathy is a frequently observed symptom in systemic lupus erythematosus, although the immunological role of lymph nodes (LNs) in systemic autoimmunity remains largely unknown. Here, we performed comprehensive and systematic analyses of LNs in lupus-prone NZB × NZW F1 (BWF1) mice, demonstrating extensive tissue re-organization of the systemic LNs with follicular expansion, hyper germinal center (GC) formation, atrophy of the paracortical T-cell area and expansion of the medulla in aged BWF1 mice bearing glomerulonephritis. The proportion of B cells was significantly increased in these reactive LNs but not in the spleen, and lymphocyte subsets involved in antibody production, i.e. GC B cells, follicular helper T cells and plasma cells, were elevated. Draining LNs of the affected organs, such as the renal and cervical nodes, showed enhanced tissue re-organization and accumulation of effector lymphocytes, suggesting the presence of a positive feedback loop of regional responses. LN cells isolated from disease-bearing animals produced anti-DNA antibody, indicating activation of autoreactive lymphocytes in situ. The substantial development of disease and LN alterations in mice that received a splenectomy at a young age points to the importance of other secondary lymphoid organs, most likely LNs, for the progression of autoimmune responses independent of the spleen. Taken together, our findings highlight the value of taking LN alterations and activities into consideration for understanding the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmunity.
Haem-iron plays a key role in the regulation of the Ess/type VII secretion system of Staphylococcus aureus RN6390
Authors: Casabona M. Guillermina , Kneuper Holger , Alferes de Lima Daniela , Harkins Catriona P. , Zoltner Martin , Hjerde Erik , Holden Matthew T. G. , Palmer Tracy
Published: November 2017

The Staphylococcus aureus type VII protein secretion system (T7SS) plays important roles in virulence and intra-species competition. Here we show that the T7SS in strain RN6390 is activated by supplementing the growth medium with haemoglobin, and its cofactor haemin (haem B). Transcript analysis and secretion assays suggest that activation by haemin occurs at a transcriptional and a post-translational level. Loss of T7 secretion activity by deletion of essC results in upregulation of genes required for iron acquisition. Taken together these findings suggest that the T7SS plays a role in iron homeostasis in at least some S. aureus strains.
Single-cell quantitative analysis of skeletal muscle cell population dynamics during regeneration and ageing
Authors: Petrilli Lucia Lisa , Spada Filomena , Fuoco Claudia , Micarelli Elisa , Reggio Alessio , Rosina Marco , Gargioli Cesare , Castagnoli Luisa , Cesareni Gianni
Published: November 2017

The skeletal muscle is populated by a variety of different mononuclear cell types that actively contribute to tissue homeostasis. When the tissue is stressed by exercise or by an acute or chronic insult, the different cell types are activated, exchange signals and initiate a finely-orchestrated regeneration process to prevent the loss of muscle mass. This cell variety is exacerbated by an additional intra population heterogeneity, where the cell population boundaries often lose their significance. Here, we applied a high-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry analysis to solve the cellular and molecular complexity of the muscle tissue in different physiological and pathological conditions. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive picture both of muscle cell population homeostasis during ageing and of the changes induced by a perturbation of the system, be it chronic (dystrophy) or acute (cardiotoxin).
Dimerization of a mixed-carbene PdII dibromide complex by elemental iodine
Authors: Jandl Christian , Pöthig Alexander
Published: November 2017

A monomeric PdII complex bearing a mixed carbocyclic/N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and two bromides was reacted with an excess of elemental iodine, which resulted in the surprising removal of one bromide ligand and dimerization of the mixed-carbene complex to form di-μ-bromido-bis{[1-(cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-2-yl-1-ylidene-κC
1)-3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]palladium(II)} bis(pentaiodide) dichloromethane monosolvate, [Pd2Br2(C22H24N2)2](I5)2·CH2Cl2. The dimeric complex features a slightly distorted square-planar core of two PdII centres bridged by two bromide ligands, which lie in the same plane as the seven- and five-membered rings of the bidentate carbene ligand. The counter-ions in the single crystal were found to be pentaiodide monoanions featuring their typical V-shape, whereas for the bulk material, a mixture of Br/I interhalides is proposed.
Shopping list development and use of advertisements’ pre-store food-buying practices within different socio-economic status areas in South Africa
Authors: Duffett Rodney Graeme , Foster Crystal
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether there is a difference in the development of shopping lists and use of advertisements as pre-store food-buying practices in terms of planned shopping by South African consumers who dwell in different socio-economic status (SES) areas. The paper also considers the influence of shopper and socio-demographic characteristics on pre-store food-buying practices in a developing country.

Design/methodology/approach

A self-administered questionnaire was used to survey 1 200 consumers in retail stores in low, middle and high SES areas in South Africa. A generalised linear model was employed for the statistical analysis of pre-store food-buying practices within the SES area groups in a developing country.

Findings

South African consumers that reside in high SES area displayed the largest of shopping list development, while consumers who dwell in low SES areas showed the highest incidence of advertisement usage. Several shopper and socio-demographic characteristics were also found to have an influence on pre-store food-buying practices in different SES areas in South Africa.

Research limitations/implications

A qualitative approach would offer a deeper understanding of consumers’ pre-store food shopping predispositions as opposed to the quantitative approach, which was adopted for this study. A longitudinal design would also provide a more extensive representation of pre-store food shopping practices over a longer time frame than cross-sectional research. The survey was conducted on Saturdays, whereas consumers who shop during the week may have different shopping and socio-demographic characteristics.

Practical implications

Astute food brands, marketers and grocery stores could use the findings of this study to assist with their marketing efforts that they direct at consumers in different SES areas in South Africa and other developing countries.

Social implications

The findings of this study may assist consumers in developing countries, especially those who reside in low SES areas, with food-buying strategies to reduce food costs, make wiser purchase decisions and reduce shopping.

Originality/value

No study (to the best of the researchers’ knowledge) has considered shopping list development and use of advertisements’ pre-store food-buying practices in different SES areas in a developing country. Furthermore, there is a dearth of research analysing shopper and socio-demographic characteristics in relation to pre-store food-buying practices among different SES areas in developing and developed countries.
Social network analysis of the Korean disaster-safety industry
Authors: Kim Byeong Je , Park Hyung-Guen , Chung Ji-Bum
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the present structure of the Korean disaster-safety industry and propose ways to promote it.

Design/methodology/approach

The background of the emergence of the disaster and safety industry in Korea is reviewed, and business networks of 91 companies belonging to the disaster and safety industry in Korea are identified and analysed through a network analysis.

Findings

Korean Government is struggling to nurture the disaster and safety industry as it has been on last few decades. This paper finds that the current industry has an ambiguous market structure, and the industry tends to depend highly on the demand of public institutions.

Practical implications

The concept of the disaster and safety industry is not well established in other countries except for Korea. If Korea successfully fosters its disaster and safety industry through its proper understanding, it would bring both disaster risk reduction and economic benefits.

Originality/value

This paper analyses the market structure of the disaster and safety industry, which is uniquely emerging in Korea and rarely designated as an industry in other countries.