bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timing of onset and rate of decline in learning and retention in the pre-dementia phase of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Grober Ellen , An Yang , Lipton Richard B. , Kawas Claudia , Resnick Susan M.
Published: May 2019

Objective: To examine trajectories of declines in learning and retention during the predementia phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (pFCSRT+IR). Method: Learning was defined by the sum of free recall over three test trials. Retention was defined in two ways: by delayed free recall (DFR) and by savings; DFR adjusted for learning. The performances of 217 incident AD cases from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) were aligned based on the time that AD was first diagnosed. The predementia phase of learning and retention decline was assessed using change point models in which cognitive trajectories are described by a series of linear components with knots delineating times of accelerating decline. Results: Trajectories for both learning and DFR had two change points: the first at 6.58 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 6.56, 6.60) to 7.29 (95% CI: 6.13, 8.46) years before diagnosis followed by gradual decline over the next 4 years, and a second acceleration of decline 1.89 (0.56, 3.24) to 2.93 (95% CI: 1.56, 4.30) years before diagnosis. The change points for DFR were not significantly earlier in the predementia phase than the change points for learning. Savings had one change point, 5.3 (95% CI: 3.56, 7.04) years before diagnosis. Conclusion: Both learning and DFR showed similar profiles of decline in the years prior to the clinical diagnosis of AD. When delayed recall was adjusted for initial learning, the measure was less sensitive to early disease. (JINS, 2019, 25, 699–705)
How do Korean–English bilinguals speak and think about motion events? Evidence from verbal and non-verbal tasks
Authors: Park Hae In
Published: May 2019

The present study compared both linguistic and non-linguistic representations of motion events in Korean–English sequential bilinguals sampled at varying proficiency levels (N = 80) against each other and against those of Korean and English monolinguals (N = 15 each). The bilinguals' L2 descriptions of motion events showed that their encoding patterns were influenced by both the first language (L1) and second language (L2) and also displayed unique behaviors that were not found in either monolingual norm. The non-verbal results on a triads-matching task demonstrated that bilinguals' categorization patterns followed L1-based patterns rather than L2-based patterns. The extent to which these bilinguals employed L2 encoding patterns in their motion event descriptions was largely modulated by L2 proficiency, whereas length of immersion experience in an L2-speaking country emerged as the only predictor of their non-verbal categorization patterns. These findings suggest that the bilinguals' verbal behavior seems more susceptible to change than their non-verbal behavior.
Microstructural Characterization and Phase Diagram Calculation of a Less Known Al–Fe–Mn–Si Phase in a SiCp/2014Al Composite
Authors: Hu Ying , Ouyang Qiubao , Zhao Bingbing , Zhang Lanting
Published: May 2019

A systematic characterization of a less known Al, Fe, Mn, and Si phase in a SiC particulate-reinforced 2014Al composite (SiCp/2014Al) was performed. In addition to the expected CuAl2 phase, the Al, Fe, Mn, and Si phase was formed as either an adhesion (>1 µm) onto SiC in the as-cast composite, or as a precipitate (<100 nm) in the matrix after hot extrusion. The structure of the phase was identified as cubic by both X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The SAED pattern also indicated that the structure belongs to the Pm$\bar{3}$ space group instead of Im$\bar{3}$. The thermodynamic phase diagram was calculated, confirming the presence of an α-AlFeMn or α-AlFeSi phase in the Al–Fe–Mn and Al–Fe–Si ternary systems, respectively, within the Fe, Mn, and Si content range corresponding to 2014Al. Wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy analysis indicated that the composition of the phase is close to Al12(Fe, Mn)3Si2, in which the Mn/Fe ratio is in the range of 0.6–1.4. The determined Mn/Fe ratio corresponds to the nominal composition of Mn and Fe in the alloy.
Spatiotemporal monitoring of hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle] to aid management actions
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Cooper Christopher , Remillard Caren M. , Ghosh Shuvankar , Haney Austin , Braun Frank , Conner Zachary , Page Benjamin , Boyd Kenneth , Wilde Susan , Mishra Deepak R.
Published: May 2019

Hydrilla is an invasive aquatic plant that has rapidly spread through many inland water bodies across the globe by outcompeting native aquatic plants. The negative impacts of hydrilla invasion have become a concern for water resource management authorities, power companies, and environmental scientists. The early detection of hydrilla infestation is very important to reduce the costs associated with control and removal efforts of this invasive species. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a tool for rapid, frequent, and large-scale monitoring and predicting spatial extent of hydrilla habitat. This was achieved by integrating in situ and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager satellite data for Lake J. Strom Thurmond, the largest US Army Corps of Engineers lake east of the Mississippi River, located on the border of Georgia and South Carolina border. The predictive model for presence of hydrilla incorporated radiometric and physical measurements, including remote-sensing reflectance, Secchi disk depth (SDD), light-attenuation coefficient (Kd), maximum depth of colonization (Zc), and percentage of light available through the water column (PLW). The model-predicted ideal habitat for hydrilla featured high SDD, Zc, and PLW values, low values of Kd. Monthly analyses based on satellite images showed that hydrilla starts growing in April, reaches peak coverage around October, begins retreating in the following months, and disappears in February. Analysis of physical and meteorological factors (i.e., water temperature, surface runoff, net inflow, precipitation) revealed that these parameters are closely associated with hydrilla extent. Management agencies can use these results not only to plan removal efforts but also to evaluate and adapt their current mitigation efforts.
Die Wirksamkeit eines Frühinterventionsprogramms für Jugendliche mit Computerspiel- und Internetabhängigkeit: Mittelfristige Effekte der PROTECT+ Studie
Authors: Szász-Janocha Carolin , Vonderlin Eva , Lindenberg Katajun
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Das junge Störungsbild der Computerspiel- und Internetabhängigkeit hat in den vergangenen Jahren in der Forschung zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Durch die Aufnahme der „Gaming Disorder“ in die ICD-11 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) wurde die Notwendigkeit von evidenzbasierten und wirksamen Interventionen avanciert. PROTECT+ ist ein kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutisches Gruppentherapieprogramm für Jugendliche mit Symptomen der Computerspiel- und Internetabhängigkeit. Die vorliegende Studie zielt auf die Evaluation der mittelfristigen Effekte nach 4 Monaten ab. Methodik: N = 54 Patientinnen und Patienten im Alter von 9 bis 19 Jahren (M = 13.48; SD = 1.72) nahmen an der Frühinterventionsstudie zwischen April 2016 und Dezember 2017 in Heidelberg teil. Die Symptomschwere wurde zu Beginn, zum Abschluss der Gruppentherapie sowie nach 4 Monaten anhand von standardisierten Diagnostikinstrumenten erfasst. Ergebnisse: Mehrebenenanalysen zeigten eine signifikante Reduktion der Symptomschwere anhand der Computerspielabhängigkeitsskala (CSAS) nach 4 Monaten. Im Selbstbeurteilungsbogen zeigte sich ein kleiner Effekt (d = 0.35), im Elternurteil ein mittlerer Effekt (d = 0.77). Der Reliable Change Index, der anhand der Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) berechnet wurde, deutete auf eine starke Heterogenität im individuellen Symptomverlauf hin. Die Patientinnen und Patienten bewerteten das Programm zu beiden Follow-Up-Messzeitpunkten mit einer hohen Zufriedenheit. Schlussfolgerungen: Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt international eine der wenigen Studien dar, die eine Reduktion der Symptome von Computerspiel- und Internetabhängigkeit im Jugendalter über 4 Monate belegen konnte.
Freiheitsbeschränkungen in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Schoßmaier Gerhard
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung. In der psychiatrisch-pflegerischen Praxis wird gegenwärtig offensichtlich, dass das Thema der Freiheitsentziehung eine ausgesprochen komplexe Fragestellung ist. Notwendigerweise müssen die unterschiedlichen Ursachen erkannt und die Verantwortlichkeiten geklärt werden. Alle Beteiligten müssen gezielt an der Reduktion von Beschränkungsmaßnahmen arbeiten, um die Psychiatrie als einen gewaltfreien Ort erlebbar zu machen. In diesem Artikel werden einerseits Überlegungen zu notwendigen Gesetzesänderungen und andererseits die Möglichkeiten einer Kulturveränderung in psychiatrischen Einrichtungen erörtert.
Mit den Betroffenen auf Augenhöhe kommen
Authors: Herwig Gitte
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung. Der Maßregelvollzug ist für den überwiegenden Teil der Gesellschaft eine wenig bekannte Institution, der häufig mit Skepsis, Misstrauen und Ablehnung begegnet wird. Die hohen Mauern und Sicherheitszäune wirken abschreckend. Oft dringen nur negative Pressemitteilungen nach außen wie über Entweichungen oder Übergriffe. Das Medieninteresse ist in diesen Fällen groß. Darüber hinaus weiß man nur wenig über das Leben der Menschen, die im Maßregelvollzug untergebracht sind. Auch die forensisch-psychiatrische Pflege ist als kleiner Fachbereich mit hochspezifischen Aufgaben und Anforderungen nur wenig präsent in der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege. Der Maßregelvollzug gleicht in weiten Teilen einer Black Box.
Can Patches of Cold Air Cause Thunderstorms to Cluster?
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: May 2019

Small-scale collisions between pools of cold air may play an important role in organizing hurricanes and other crucial atmospheric phenomena, according to newly developed conceptual models.
Cyanobacteria Proliferation in the Cenomanian‐Turonian Boundary Interval of the Apennine Carbonate Platform: Immediate Response to the Environmental Perturbations Associated With OAE‐2?
Authors: Frijia G. , Forkner R. , Minisini D. , Pacton M. , Struck U. , Mutti M.
Published: May 2019

Oceanic Anoxic Event‐2 (OAE‐2; Cenomanian‐Turonian) is characterized by extensive deposition of organic carbon‐rich deposits (black shales) in ocean basins worldwide as result of a major perturbation of the global carbon cycle. While the sedimentological, geochemical, and paleontological aspects of deep water expressions of OAE‐2 have been intensively studied in the last few decades, much less attention has been given to the coeval shallow water deposits. In this study, we present the results of a detailed facies and petrographic (optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy) and geochemical studies (δ13Ccarb, δ 13C org, δ 15Nbulk, TOC, and Rock‐Eval pyrolysis) on two key shallow marine sections from the Apennine Carbonate Platform (ACP; Italy). Here a continuous record of shallow water carbonates through the OAE‐2 interval is preserved, offering the unique opportunity to document the archive of paleoenvironmental changes in a neritic setting, at a tropical latitude and far from the influence of a large continental block. Two conspicuous intervals are characterized by abundant and closely spaced “dark” microbial laminites found at correlative stratigraphic horizons in the two stratigraphic sections. These laminites contain elevated concentrations of TOC (up to 1%) relative to microbial capping cycles laminites stratigraphically above and below. The organic matter preserved in these fine‐grained laminites is dominated by cyanobacteria remains, which accounted for most of the organic matter produced on the ACP in these intervals. Our study suggests that Tethyan carbonate platforms experienced significant biological changes during OAE‐2, alternating, in few kiloyears, between eutrophic phases dominated by microbial communities and mesotrophic/oligotrophic conditions favoring “normal” carbonate production/sedimentation. The synchronous occurrence of microbialite facies at different locations across the ACP and on other platforms worldwide (e.g., Mexico and Croatia) suggests a causal link between Large Igneous Province volcanism and the environmental conditions necessary to trigger cyanobacterial proliferation on shallow carbonate platforms.
Integrating precision medicine through evaluation of cell of origin in treatment planning for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Feldman Tatyana , Rimsza Lisa M. , Westin Jason R. , Witzig Thomas E. , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: May 2019

Precision medicine is modernizing strategies for clinical study design to help improve diagnoses guiding individualized treatment based on genetic or phenotypic characteristics that discriminate between patients with similar clinical presentations. Methodology to personalize treatment choices is being increasingly employed in clinical trials, yielding favorable correlations with improved response rates and survival. In patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), disease characteristics and outcomes may vary widely, underscoring the importance of patient classification through identification of sensitive prognostic features. The discovery of distinct DLBCL molecular subtypes based on cell of origin (COO) is redefining the prognosis and treatment of this heterogeneous cancer. Owing to significant molecular and clinical differences between activated B-cell-like (ABC)- and germinal center B-cell-like (GCB)-DLBCL subtypes, COO identification offers opportunities to optimize treatment selection. Widespread adoption of COO classification would greatly improve treatment and prognosis; however, limitations in interlaboratory concordance between immunohistochemistry techniques, cost, and availability of gene expression profiling tools undermine universal integration in the clinical setting. With advanced methodology to determine COO in a real-world clinical setting, therapies targeted to specific subtypes are under development. The focus here is to review applications of precision medicine exemplified by COO determination in DLBCL patients.
c-FLIP and CD95 signaling are essential for survival of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Luebke Tobias , Schwarz Lisa , Beer Yan Yan , Schumann Sabrina , Misterek Maria , Sander Frida Ewald , Plaza-Sirvent Carlos , Schmitz Ingo
Published: May 2019

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most-prominent tumor type of kidney cancers. Resistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) against tumor therapy is often owing to apoptosis resistance, e.g., by overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins. However, little is known about the role of the apoptosis inhibitor c-FLIP and its potential impact on death receptor-induced apoptosis in ccRCC cells. In this study, we demonstrate that c-FLIP is crucial for resistance against CD95L-induced apoptosis in four ccRCC cell lines. Strikingly, downregulation of c-FLIP expression by short hairpin RNA (shRNA)interference led to spontaneous caspase activation and apoptotic cell death. Of note, knockdown of all c-FLIP splice variants was required to induce apoptosis. Stimulation of ccRCC cells with CD95L induced NF-κB and MAP kinase survival pathways as revealed by phosphorylation of RelA/p65 and Erk1/2. Interestingly, CD95L surface expression was high in all cell lines analyzed, and CD95 but not TNF-R1 clustered at cell contact sites. Downstream of CD95, inhibition of the NF-κB pathway led to spontaneous cell death. Surprisingly, knockdown experiments revealed that c-FLIP inhibits NF-κB activation in the context of CD95 signaling. Thus, c-FLIP inhibits apoptosis and dampens NF-κB downstream of CD95 but allows NF-κB activation to a level sufficient for ccRCC cell survival. In summary, we demonstrate a complex CD95-FLIP-NF-κB-signaling circuit, in which CD95-CD95L interactions mediate a paracrine survival signal in ccRCC cells with c-FLIP and NF-κB both being required for inhibiting cell death and ensuring survival. Our findings might lead to novel therapeutic approaches of RCC by circumventing apoptosis resistance.
Temperature-regulated flexibility of polymer chains in rapidly self-healing hydrogels
Authors: Chen Rui , Xu Xiubin , Yu Danfeng , Liu Minhuan , Xiao Chuanghong , Wyman Ian , Wang Zhengping , Yang Hui , Wu Xu
Published: May 2019

Without the introduction of new functional groups, altering the properties of a substance, such as by changing from a non-self-healing to a rapidly self-healing material, is often difficult. In this work, we report that the properties of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylamide (HEMA/AAm) hydrogels can be easily altered from non-self-healing to rapidly self-healing by simply tuning the reaction temperature. Notably, the hydrogels that are prepared at room temperature do not exhibit self-healing behavior, while those treated at an elevated temperature show automatic self-healing performance within ~15 s. Interestingly, in contrast with the previous self-healing HEMA-based polymeric hydrogels, which function only above their glass transition temperatures (Tg), the hydrogels prepared herein exhibit rapid self-healing properties at room temperature, which is below their Tg. In addition, the stretching capabilities of the hydrogels can be greatly enhanced by up to 30-fold. The hydrogels also exhibit good adhesive performance and can adhere strongly onto various substrates, such as wood, glass, fabric, paper, leather, porcelain, and steel. For example, a 10 kg weight could be suspended from a wooden substrate with the aid of these hydrogels. These results may provide valuable insight regarding the design of self-healing hydrogels and their large-scale production.
Food fraud data collection needs survey
Authors: Spink John , Elliott Christopher , Dean Moira , Speier-Pero Cheri
Published: May 2019

This research project was conducted to understand the data collection needs when addressing food fraud prevention. The foundation for an understanding of the fraud opportunity utilizes a holistic and all-encompassing information sharing system. The anonymous online survey was distributed first to a targeted group of food fraud leaders from manufacturer or brand owner companies and then to a public group. From the 96 survey responses, first, regarding “data” there is generally “enough” and “good enough” data to meet the current assessments and compliance needs. Second, regarding the process, there is a need for more guidance or harmonization on vulnerability assessments, strategy development and management, and correlation to all other enterprise-wide risks (ERM/COSO). Third, there is the general activity of conducting food fraud vulnerability assessments, but there is a lack of clarity or direction on the scope (all types of fraud) and confidence in the conclusions (a clear insight or diagnosis of root-cause). This survey suggests there is a need for more definition and formality of the method and process for addressing food fraud. Finally, a focus on harmonizing terms, vulnerability assessment methods, and then of common policy/strategy will enable the risk assessors to define their future data collection requirements and needs. Further research should explore the specifics of the data collection needs and expand to other stakeholders such as regulators and enforcement.
Urban link travel speed dataset from a megacity road network
Authors: Guo Feng , Zhang Dongqing , Dong Yucheng , Guo Zhaoxia
Published: May 2019

Link travel speeds in road networks are fundamental data in many research areas of traffic, transportation, and logistics. To support the research in these areas, we develop a dataset, containing the travel speeds on each road link and in different time periods together with the real road network map. The dataset is collected from a representative megacity in Western China, Chengdu. The road network of this city involves different urban road network structures. The dataset shows the realistic variations and randomness of urban link travel speeds. This enables the research of real data-driven decision-making problems in traffic, transportation and logistics areas.
A database of optimal integration times for Lagrangian studies of atmospheric moisture sources and sinks
Authors: Nieto Raquel , Gimeno Luis
Published: May 2019

Lagrangian methods for estimating sources and sinks of water vapour have increased in importance in recent years, with hundreds of publications over the past decade on this topic. Results derived from these approaches are, however, very sensitive to the integration time of the trajectories used in the analysis. The most widely used integration time is that derived from the average residence time of water vapour in the atmosphere, normally considered to be around 10 days. In this article, we propose an approach to estimate the optimal integration time for these Lagrangian methods for estimating sources and sinks, by comparing estimates of precipitation from the Lagrangian approach using different times of integration with results obtained from three state-of-the-art reanalyses, thereby providing a database of optimal integration times per month, for a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° in latitude and longitude.
Author Correction: Association between fasting Triglyceride levels and the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis in a Chinese Community-based Study
Authors: Wu Jianwei , Wang Yu , Wang Anxin , Xie Jian , Zhao Xingquan
Published: May 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Modulation of chromatin remodeling proteins SMYD1 and SMARCD1 promotes contractile function of human pluripotent stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocyte in 3D-engineered cardiac tissues
Authors: Chow Maggie Zi-Ying , Sadrian Stephanie N. , Keung Wendy , Geng Lin , Ren Lihuan , Kong Chi-Wing , Wong Andy On-Tik , Hulot Jean-Sebastien , Chen Christopher S. , Costa Kevin D. , Hajjar Roger J. , Li Ronald A.
Published: May 2019

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the ability of differentiating into functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) for cell replacement therapy, tissue engineering, drug discovery and toxicity screening. From a scale-free, co-expression network analysis of transcriptomic data that distinguished gene expression profiles of undifferentiated hESC, hESC-, fetal- and adult-ventricular(V) CM, two candidate chromatin remodeling proteins, SMYD1 and SMARCD1 were found to be differentially expressed. Using lentiviral transduction, SMYD1 and SMARCD1 were over-expressed and suppressed, respectively, in single hESC-VCMs as well as the 3D constructs Cardiac Micro Tissues (CMT) and Tissue Strips (CTS) to mirror the endogenous patterns, followed by dissection of their roles in controlling cardiac gene expression, contractility, Ca2+-handling, electrophysiological functions and in vitro maturation. Interestingly, compared to independent single transductions, simultaneous SMYD1 overexpression and SMARCD1 suppression in hESC-VCMs synergistically interacted to increase the contractile forces of CMTs and CTSs with up-regulated transcripts for cardiac contractile, Ca2+-handing, and ion channel proteins. Certain effects that were not detected at the single-cell level could be unleashed under 3D environments. The two chromatin remodelers SMYD1 and SMARCD1 play distinct roles in cardiac development and maturation, consistent with the notion that epigenetic priming requires triggering signals such as 3D environmental cues for pro-maturation effects.
Complexity-Based Measures of Heart Rate Dynamics in Older Adults Following Long- and Short-Term Tai Chi Training: Cross-sectional and Randomized Trial Studies
Authors: Ma Yan , Wu Chiu-wen , Peng Chung-Kang , Ahn Andrew , Bertisch Suzanne M. , Lipsitz Lewis A. , Yeh Gloria Y. , Manor Brad , Novak Vera , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Gow Brian , Wayne Peter M.
Published: May 2019

Measures characterizing the complexity of heart rate (HR) dynamics have been informative in predicting age- and disease-related decline in cardiovascular health, but few studies have evaluated whether mind-body exercise can impact HR complexity. This study evaluated the effects of long-term Tai Chi (TC) practice on the complexity of HR dynamics using an observational comparison of TC experts and age- and gender-matched TC-naïve individuals. Shorter-term effects of TC were assessed by randomly assigning TC-naïve participants to either TC group to receive six months of TC training or to a waitlist control group. 23 TC experts (age = 63.3 ± 8.0 y; 24.6 ± 12.0 y TC experience) and 52 TC-naïve (age = 64.3 ± 7.7 y) were enrolled. In cross-sectional analyses, TC experts had a higher overall complexity index (CI, p = 0.004) and higher entropy at multiple individual time scales (p < 0.05); these findings persisted in models accounting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity levels. Longitudinal changes in complexity index did not differ significantly following random assignment to six months of TC vs. a waitlist control; however, within the TC group, complexity at select time scales showed statistically non-significant trends toward increases. Our study supports that longer-term TC mind-body training may be associated with increased complexity of HR dynamics.
Further observations on a principal components analysis of head-related transfer functions
Authors: Mokhtari Parham , Kato Hiroaki , Takemoto Hironori , Nishimura Ryouichi , Enomoto Seigo , Adachi Seiji , Kitamura Tatsuya
Published: May 2019

Humans can externalise and localise sound-sources in three-dimensional (3D) space because approaching sound waves interact with the head and external ears, adding auditory cues by (de-)emphasising the level in different frequency bands depending on the direction of arrival. While virtual audio systems reproduce these acoustic filtering effects with signal processing, huge memory-storage capacity would be needed to cater for many listeners because the filters are as unique as the shape of each person’s head and ears. Here we use a combination of physiological imaging and acoustic simulation methods to confirm and extend previous studies that represented these filters by a linear combination of a small number of eigenmodes. Based on previous psychoacoustic results we infer that more than 10, and as many as 24, eigenmodes would be needed in a virtual audio system suitable for many listeners. Furthermore, the frequency profiles of the top five eigenmodes are robust across different populations and experimental methods, and the top three eigenmodes encode familiar 3D spatial contrasts: along the left-right, top-down, and a tilted front-back axis, respectively. These findings have implications for virtual 3D-audio systems, especially those requiring high energy-efficiency and low memory-usage such as on personal mobile devices.
A new class of signals for magnetobiology research
Authors: Makinistian Leonardo
Published: May 2019

The great majority of experimental and theoretical studies in magnetobiology explored and tried to explain bioeffects on organisms (ranging from bacteria to humans) upon exposure to variable (AC) magnetic fields (MF) with a pure sinusoidal waveform, typically combined with a static (DC) component. In this report, a new class of signals is presented and posed as a relevant candidate for research in magnetobiology. The proposed signals are derived within the classic theory of the precession of a magnetic moment in a DC + AC MF in a parallel configuration. They display a frequency modulation such that the phase change per unit time of the applied AC field is, at all times, identical to that of the precession of the magnetic moment to which the field was tuned (considering its gyromagnetic ratio). In other words, applied AC field and precession of the ‘engaged’ magnetic moment are phase-locked. These phase-locked frequency modulated (PLFM) signals are discussed in the context of current literature, and possible future experimental and theoretical developments are suggested.
Anisotropies and magnetic phase transitions in insulating antiferromagnets determined by a Spin-Hall magnetoresistance probe
Authors: Lebrun R. , Ross A. , Gomonay O. , Bender S. A. , Baldrati L. , Kronast F. , Qaiumzadeh A. , Sinova J. , Brataas A. , Duine R. A. , Kläui M.
Published: May 2019

Antiferromagnets possess a number of intriguing and promising properties for electronic devices, which include a vanishing net magnetic moment and thus insensitivity to large magnetic fields and characteristic terahertz frequency dynamics. However, probing the antiferromagnetic ordering is challenging without synchrotron-based facilities. Here, we determine the material parameters of the insulating iron oxide hematite, α-Fe2O3, using the surface sensitive spin-Hall magnetoresistance (SMR). Combined with a simple analytical model, we extract the antiferromagnetic anisotropies and the bulk Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya field over a wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields. Across the Morin phase transition, we show that the electrical response is dominated by the antiferromagnetic Néel vector rather than by the emergent weak magnetic moment. Our results highlight that the surface sensitivity of SMR enables access to the magnetic anisotropies of antiferromagnetic crystals, and also of thin films, where other methods to determine anisotropies such as bulk-sensitive magnetic susceptibility measurements do not provide sufficient sensitivity.
Engineering of transition metal dichalcogenide-based 2D nanomaterials through doping for environmental applications
Authors: Balasubramaniam Bhuvaneshwari , Singh Narendra , Kar Prasenjit , Tyagi Ankit , Prakash Jai , Gupta Raju Kumar
Published: May 2019

This article reviews potential environmental applications of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) engineered through doping.
Combining computational and experimental approaches to select chromophores to enable the detection of fatty acids via HPLC
Authors: Pandohee Jessica , Rees Robert J. , Spencer Michelle J. S. , Raynor Aaron , Jones Oliver A. H.
Published: May 2019

This paper outlines a protocol, which combines quantum mechanics calculations and experimental synthesis, to enable systematic selection of suitable chromophores based on their stability of fluorescence and efficiency of the chemical reaction.
Water plays a diverse role in a hydrogen-bonded, hexameric supramolecular assembly
Authors: Katiyar Ankita , Freire Sovierzoski Julia C. , Calio Paul B. , Vartia Anthony A. , Thompson Ward H.
Published: May 2019

Diffusion coefficients reveal that water molecules are encapsulated within, or attached to the exterior of, a hexameric resorcin[4]arene assembly.
Neutron reflectometry to measure in situ the rate determining step of lithium ion transport through thin silicon layers and interfaces
Authors: Hüger Erwin , Stahn Jochen , Heitjans Paul , Schmidt Harald
Published: May 2019

In situ neutron reflectometry experiments found that the interface between silicon and lithium niobate is no significant obstacle for Li permeation.
Formation of Criegee intermediates and peroxy acids: a computational study of gas-phase 1,3-cycloaddition of ozone with catechol
Authors: Deb Debojit Kumar , Sarkar Biplab
Published: May 2019

A novel pathway leading to peroxy acids from ozonolysis of catechol.
Hydrophobic confinement modulates thermal stability and assists knotting in the folding of tangled proteins
Authors: Especial João , Nunes Ana , Rey Antonio , Faísca Patrícia FN
Published: May 2019

Mild-to-moderate hydrophobic interactions with the chaperonin cavity significantly enhance knotting probability in relation to bulk conditions while simultaneously moderating the effect of steric confinement in the enhancement of thermal stability.
Lattice defect-formulated ferromagnetism and UV photo-response in pure and Nd, Sm substituted ZnO thin films
Authors: Verma K. C. , Goyal Navdeep , Kotnala R. K.
Published: May 2019

The induction of charge and spin in diluted magnetic semiconductor ZnO is explored for spintronic devices and its wide direct band gap (3.37 eV) and large exciton binding energy (60 meV) exhibit potential in UV photodetectors.
Static phase transfer catalysis for Williamson reactions: Pickering interfacial catalysis
Authors: Zhao Qianqiang , Zhao Xiao , Peng Hui , Liu Yang , Yang Lihui , Sun Jie , Yang Lei , Shen Yifeng
Published: May 2019

A static PIC system with silica particles was prepared for PTC reactions and exhibited enhanced catalytic activity.
Inducing selectivity and chirality in group IV metal coordination with high-denticity hydroxypyridinones
Authors: Deblonde Gauthier J.-P. , Lohrey Trevor D. , Abergel Rebecca J.
Published: May 2019

Hydroxypyridinone ligand 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) exhibits remarkable charge-based selectivity for octacoordinated tetravalent cations, forming stable chiral complexes over a very broad pH range.
7-Metalla-1,4-diphosphanorbornadienes: cycloaddition of monovalent group 13 NacNac complexes to a stable 1,4-diphosphinine
Authors: Koner Abhishek , Gabidullin Bulat M. , Kelemen Zsolt , Nyulászi László , Nikonov Georgii I. , Streubel Rainer
Published: May 2019

Monovalent group 13 NacNac complexes reacted as dienophiles with a tricyclic 1,4-diphosphinine to furnish first examples of 7-metalla-1,4-diphosphanorbornadienes via reversible [4 + 1]-cycloaddition reactions.
Tuning the magnetization dynamics of TbIII-based single-chain magnets through substitution on the nitronyl nitroxide radical
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Yu-Xia , Han Zongsu , Han Tian , Shi Wei , Cheng Peng
Published: May 2019

A minor change of the site of the substituent on the nitronyl nitroxide radical significantly influences the magnetization dynamics of two single-chain magnets, due to the influence of both the magnetic anisotropies of the TbIIIcenters and magnetic couplings along the chains.
Ginsenoside Rg2 inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and suppresses obesity in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice through the AMPK pathway
Authors: Liu Huimin , Liu Meihong , Jin Zhibo , Yaqoob Sanabil , Zheng Mingzhu , Cai Dan , Liu Jingsheng , Guo Shaodong
Published: May 2019

Rg2-induced activation of AMPK reduced the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, and regulated the lipogenic and lipolysis genes, thus inhibiting adipogenesis.
Visible-light-induced radical cyclization of N-allylbenzamides with CF3SO2Na to trifluoromethylated dihydroisoquinolinones in water at room temperature
Authors: Zou Long , Li Pinhua , Wang Bin , Wang Lei
Published: May 2019

An efficient strategy for the preparation of trifluoromethylated dihydroisoquinolinones via visible-light induced radical cyclization of N-allylbenzamides with CF3SO2Na was developed.
3D printed microfluidic device for online detection of neurochemical changes with high temporal resolution in human brain microdialysate
Authors: Samper Isabelle C. , Gowers Sally A. N. , Rogers Michelle L. , Murray De-Shaine R. K. , Jewell Sharon L. , Pahl Clemens , Strong Anthony J. , Boutelle Martyn G.
Published: May 2019

Microfluidic devices optimised for real-time monitoring of the human brain.
Microfluidic radiobioassays: a radiometric detection tool for understanding cellular physiology and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Liu Zhen , Lan Xiaoli
Published: May 2019

A historical and comprehensive review of microfluidic radiobioassays from their onset, including basics, techniques, applications, and prospects.
Growth of vertical heterostructures based on orthorhombic SnSe/hexagonal In2Se3 for high-performance photodetectors
Authors: Li Xuan-Ze , Wang Yi-Fan , Xia Jing , Meng Xiang-Min
Published: May 2019

Vertical heterostructures based on two-dimensional (2D) layered materials are ideal platforms for electronic structure engineering and novel device applications.
Selective binding of nucleosides to gapped DNA duplex revealed by orientation and distance dependence of FRET
Authors: Kashida Hiromu , Kokubo Yuta , Makino Koki , Asanuma Hiroyuki
Published: May 2019

Herein we used orientation and distance dependence of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to analyze the binding of nucleosides to a gapped DNA duplex.
Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of substituted cyclopentenones from aryl iodides and internal alkynes
Authors: Peng Jin-Bao , Wang Wei-Feng , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: May 2019

In this Communication, a palladium-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of substituted cyclopentenones has been developed.
Palladium-catalyzed successive C–H bond arylations and annulations toward the π-extension of selenophene-containing aromatic skeletons
Authors: Shi Xinzhe , Mao Shuxin , Roisnel Thierry , Doucet Henri , Soulé Jean-François
Published: May 2019

A modular approach for the synthesis of planar π-extended selenium containing molecules from selenophene has been developed.
Visible light driven, nickel-catalyzed aryl esterification using a triplet photosensitiser thioxanthen-9-one
Authors: Zhu Da-Liang , Li Hong-Xi , Xu Ze-Ming , Li Hai-Yan , Young David J. , Lang Jian-Ping
Published: May 2019

The nickel-catalyzed esterification of carboxylic acids with aryl bromides using thioxanthen-9-one as a photosensitizer provided aryl esters with excellent yields.
Synthesis of mesoporous lanthanum hydroxide with enhanced adsorption performance for phosphate removal
Authors: Kim Kyungmin , Kim Dujin , Kim Taeyeon , Kim Bong-Geun , Ko Donghyun , Lee Junsoo , Han Yujin , Jung Ji Chul , Na Hyon Bin
Published: May 2019

MLHO exhibited outstanding phosphate removal performance with a high adsorption capacity as well as efficient removal in low P concentrations.
The dependence of oxygen sensitivity on the molecular structures of Ir(iii) complexes and their application for photostable and reversible luminescent oxygen sensing
Authors: Xing Yang , Qiao Chengfang , Li Xinmin , Li Chun , Wang Honghao , Li Fayun , Di Ling , Yang Zhanxu
Published: May 2019

The delocalization of spin populations (DSPs) could be used to describe the dependence of oxygen sensitivity on the molecular structures of Ir(iii) complexes. And excellent operational stability of an Ir(iii) oxygen sensing film is presented.
PP2C phosphatase Pic1 negatively regulates the phosphorylation status of Pti1b kinase, a regulator of flagellin-triggered immunity in tomato
Authors: Giska Fabian , Martin Gregory B.
Published: May 2019

Plant immune responses, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), are triggered when pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) become activated upon detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases are key components of PRR-dependent signaling pathways. In tomato, two such kinases, Pti1a and Pti1b, are important positive regulators of the plant immune response. However, it is unknown how these kinases control plant immunity at the molecular level and how their activity is regulated. To investigate these issues, we used mass spectrometry to search for interactors of Pti1b in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and identified a PP2C protein phosphatase, referred to as Pic1. An in vitro pull-down assay and in vivo split-luciferase complementation assay verified this interaction. Pti1b was found to autophosphorylate on threonine-233, and this phosphorylation was abolished in the presence of Pic1. An arginine-to-cysteine substitution at position 240 in the Arabidopsis MARIS kinase was previously reported to convert it into a constitutive-active form. The analogous substitution in Pti1b made it resistant to Pic1 phosphatase activity, although it still interacted with Pic1. Treatment of N. benthamiana leaves with the MAMP flg22 induced threonine phosphorylation of Pti1b. The expression of Pic1, but not a phosphatase-inactive variant of this protein, in N. benthamiana leaves greatly reduced ROS production in response to treatment with MAMPs flg22 or csp22. The results indicate that Pic1 acts as a negative regulator by dephosphorylating the Pti1b kinase, thereby interfering with its ability to activate plant immune responses.
Effects of manufacturing tolerances of permanent magnets in fractional slot permanent magnet synchronous machines
Authors: Zarate Sergio , Almandoz Gaizka , Ugalde Gaizka , Poza Javier , Escalada Ana Julia
Published: May 2019

The fractional slot permanent magnet synchronous machines are well‐known for their low torque ripple. However, in mass‐production machines, not all the permanent magnets are identical due to the manufacturing tolerances and new torque harmonics could appear. In addition, the magnetic field is modified and unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) could happen. Apart from that it is important to study the effect on vibrations since the magnetic field is no longer ideal. So, here, a study of the effect of unevenly magnetised permanent magnet distribution on torque ripples, unbalance magnetic pull, and vibrations is proposed. Apart from that, the tolerance grade sensitivity is studied. Finally, experimental tests show good agreement with finite element analysis.
Modelling ion populations in astrophysical plasmas: carbon in the solar transition region
Authors: Dufresne R. P. , Del Zanna G.
Published: May 2019

The aim of this work is to improve the modelling of ion populations in higher density, lower temperature astrophysical plasmas, of the type commonly found in lower solar and stellar atmospheres. Ion population models for these regions frequently employ the coronal approximation, which assumes conditions more suitable to the upper solar atmosphere, where high temperatures and lower densities prevail. The assumed conditions include all ions being in the ground state and steady-state equilibrium, where there is sufficient time for ionisation and recombination to take place. Using the coronal approximation for modelling the solar transition region gives theoretical lines intensities for the Li-like and Na-like isoelectronic sequences which are often factors of two to five times lower than observed. The works of Burgess & Summers (1969, ApJ, 157, 1007) and Nussbaumer & Storey (1975, A&A, 44, 321) show the important part ions in excited levels play when included in the modelling. As density increases metastable levels become populated and ionisation rates increase, whereas dielectronic recombination through highly excited levels is suppressed. Photo-ionisation is also shown by Nussbaumer & Storey to have an effect on the charge-state distribution of carbon in these regions. Their models, however, use approximations for the atomic rates to determine the ion balance. Presented here is the first stage in updating these earlier models of carbon by using rates from up-to-date atomic calculations and more recent photo-ionising radiances. Where atomic rates were not readily available, in the case of electron impact direct ionisation and excitation–auto-ionisation, new calculations were made using the Flexible Atomic Code and Autostructure, and compared to theoretical and experimental studies. The effects each atomic process has on the ion populations as density changes is illustrated, and final results from the modelling are compared to the earlier works. Lastly, the new results for ion populations were used to predict line intensities for the solar transition region in the quiet Sun. In comparison to coronal approximation modelling the new results show significantly improved agreement with observations.
Transition from normal to cancerous cell by precancerous niche (PCN) induced chronic cell-matrix stress
Authors: Brücher Björn L.D.M. , Jamall Ijaz S.
Published: May 2019

The attempt to restore homeostasis, once disrupted, such that complex signaling, crosstalk between ubiquitous proteins, and a diverse range of pathways gone awry is near impossible, especially in the presence of an ongoing pathogenic stimuli with incessant inflammation. This persistent inflammation, when unresolved, induces fibrosis with consequent remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) which leads to the formation of the precancerous niche (PCN), the tipping point in the transition of normal to cancerous cells. Thus, the sustained disruption of homeostasis when confronted with limited adaptation capabilities either of cells or of the surrounding matrix and faced with chronic stress in the tissue microenvironment results in an escape strategy which, if unsuccessful, causes cells, tissue, or the organism to become unable to recover over the long term. All conditions necessary for cell–cell transition such as deregulation of cell–cell complexes, decrease in the stability of adherens junctions, together with the apical-basal polarity, and the loss of the cytoskeletal architecture occurs as a cascade of events inducing inappropriate and diverse signaling pathways and crosstalk. In biology, the transition of one cell type to another and the transition from one cell function to another is incompletely understood mechanistically, but within the context of embryogenesis and morphogenesis is acknowledged as a physiologically routine event. The constant stress that can result in the development of the PCN leads to a chronic stress escape strategy (CSES) which, if unsuccessful, eventually triggers a normal cell- to-cancer cell- transition (NCCCT).
Minimum total distance clustering and balanced distance clustering in northern Thailand's corn crop residue management system
Authors: Phonin Sirilak , Likasiri Chulin
Published: May 2019

The authors study the corn crop residue management system for 16 provinces in northern Thailand encompassing 127 agricultural cooperatives (co-ops), 974 corn fields and 274 customers. To solve the system's problems, we find clusters where co-ops will pick up crop residues from corn fields, process them into biomass fuel and sell the fuel to customers. Each cluster consists of a co-op, a set of corn fields and a set of customers, the latter two being on separate routes from the co-op. To minimize the system's transportation cost and balance transportation cost between clusters, we propose a mathematical model with two objective functions, construct two heuristics, and apply the two heuristics to solve the problem.