bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intradiscal Therapies for Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease
Authors: Canseco Jose A. , Kanhere Arun P. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Kepler Christopher K.
Published: April 2022

Discogenic low back pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint in patients presenting to orthopaedic surgeons. In addition to surgical options, there are several nonsurgical intradiscal treatments that have gained interest, ranging from biologic, nonbiologic, cell-based, and molecular therapies. However, there is limited evidence for many of these techniques, and some are still in the clinical trial stage. We describe a broad overview of these intradiscal therapies, the mechanism of action, and the evidence behind them.
An Assessment of Biochemical biomarkers alterations in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Javaid Shehla , Maham Miss , Abbas Khizar , Rehman Hafiz Muhammad , Kousar Sumaira , Bashir Fareeha , Gul Sidra , jamil Rahat
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 (coronavirus disorder 2019) is a sickness as a result of a virulent virus named SARS-CoV-2 and turned into discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Objectives: To evaluate the most common biochemical parameters those are increased in COVID-19 positive patients and ultimately can be used as a diagnostic marker for the evaluation and staging of disease. Methods: This study included 200 COVID-positive patients confirmed with PCR. The clinical profile was recorded from various conventional laboratories. Data was analyzed statistically by applying sample t test to the data. Results: Total 200 patients were included in the study. Increased levels of various biochemical parameters have been found including ferritin, CRP and d- dimmer. D-dimer was elevated in 99.5 percent (n = 199) whereas 0.5 percent (n = 1) were normal and ferritin was elevated in 65.5 percent (n = 131) and was normal in 32.5 percent (n = 65). CRP was elevated in 81.5% (n=163) patients. Variations was also seen in Electrolytes like potassium was elevated in 53 % (n=106) and was low value in 8% (n= 16) while it remained normal in normal in 39% (n= 78). Sodium ions were high in 25.5% (n=51), reduced in 37.5% (n = 75) while 375 (n=74) were normal. Chloride was elevated in 32.5% reduced in 26% while it was normal in 41.5%. The metrics that remained normal were: urea (96.5%), creatinine (66.5%), total bilirubin (84%), platelets (86.5%), and TLC (73%). Ferritin, CRP and d-dimmer had a p value lower than 0.05 showing significant results. Conclusion: This study concluded that some parameters particularly d-dimer, ferritin, C reactive protein were considered to be predictive markers for the initial diagnose of COVID-19.
Analgesic Efficacy of Ropivacaine Infiltration in Puncture Site of Mini Percutaneoius Nephrolithotomy Tract
Authors: Khan Asif , Fareed Tauheed , Shah Sayed Ghaffar , Shoaib Muhammad , Ullah Qudrat , Ullah Naqib
Published: April 2022

To compare the mean postoperative pain score in patients with ropivacaine infiltration in the access tract with placebo in patients undergoing mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods: Total 82 adult patients of either gender undergoing mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy, between 9 and 63 years of age were included in the study. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups by lottery method. Patients in group A were given 20ml of 0.25% ropivacaine in the access tract while patients in group B were given 20ml of normal saline as placebo at the beginning of surgery at the nephrostomy site. Post operatively all patients were carefully followed at 2, 4 and finally at 6 hours. All patients were examined to determine the pain scores at the mini PCNL    puncture site using visual analogue scale. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 40.60 ± 11.62 years and in group B was 40.26 ± 13.15 years. Out of 82 patients 43 (51.43%) patents were male and 39 (48.57%) were female with male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Mean postoperative pain score in patients with preoperative ropivacaine infiltration (group A) of nephrostomy tract was 3.2 ± 1.2 and in placebo (group B) was 5.60 ± 1.64 with p-value of 0.0001. Conclusion: This study concluded that mean postoperative pain score of  ropivacaine infiltration in the PCNL tract  is less than placebo in patients undergoing mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
Prospective randomized controlled trial of the closure of gastrojejunal anastomosis in RYGB with absorbable and inabsorbable thread
Authors: Flamini Júnior Mário , Zotarelli-Filho Idiberto José , Quadros Luiz Gustavo de , Galvão Neto Manoel , Carmo Maurício Vecchi , Buissa Maisa Ramos , Kaiser Junior Roberto Luiz
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is, currently, the most performed technique in Brazil. Suture threads are classified according to their degradation properties. Objective: To analyze the influence on the size of the gastrojejunal anastomosis performed in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, as well as the main complications with the use of absorbable or inabsorbable thread. Methods: This study followed a prospective and randomized clinical trial, initially with 40 participants, with only 37 participants being duly selected, 19 of whom underwent gastrojejunostomy closure with an absorbable (Abs) polydioxanone suture (PDS II®) and 18 with the inabsorbable (Inb) ETHIBOND®. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA and logistic regression tools (p<0.05 significant). Results: General complications and Upper Digestive Endoscopy (UDE) were less frequent at the end of 12 months in both groups. At the end of twelve months, the number of complications of the Inb thread decreased considerably, while the number of complications of the Abs thread showed an increase in other complications, including marginal ulcer and intrusive thread. Despite this, there was no significant difference between groups in terms of total weight loss. There was no statistically significant difference between the final values of the anastomotic diameter. The percentage of weight loss over the 12 months was 33.77 ± 6.97% for the Inb group and 36.10 ± 4.89% for the Abs group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both suture threads (Inb and Abs) presented similar complications and did not present significant differences between the values of weight, gastrojejunal anastomosis, and pouch.
Main approaches of three-dimensional (3D) imaging examinations in the assessment, treatment, and follow-up of patients with skeletal Class III: a concise systematic review
Authors: Solano Burbano Isabel Guadalupe , Lara Guzman Sandra Dioni , Sant’ana Eduardo , Moura Neto Gastão , Moura Renata Furquim
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Class III malocclusion presents with several skeletal and dental factors, highlighting the large or protruding jaw, retrusive maxilla, protrusive mandibular dentition, retrusive maxillary dentition, or combinations. The importance of evaluating class III malocclusions, as well as their treatments, through three-dimensional (3D) images are highlighted. Objective: To present a concise systematic review of the approach of 3D imaging exams to conduct class III malocclusion treatments, as well as to follow up after orthognathic surgery. Methods: Clinical studies with qualitative and/or quantitative analysis were included, following the rules of the systematic review-PRISMA. Results and Conclusion: A total of 105 articles was found involving class III malocclusion and ortho-surgical treatments guided by three-dimensional (3D) images. A total of 44 articles were fully evaluated and 16 were included and discussed in this study. Positional, structural, and volumetric condylar changes after orthognathic surgery in skeletal Class III patients have been well elucidated using cone-beam computed tomography. In addition, the virtual surgical planning and the surgical splint manufactured in CAD/CAM facilitate treatment planning and offer an accurate surgical result in orthognathic surgery. The application of pre-engineered bone guidance splints allows the treatment of craniofacial deformities with precision. Therefore, the three-dimensional (3D) tool allows for the accuracy of treatments and planning of orthognathic surgery, as well as the best postoperative follow-up.
Advance in contemporary orthodontics: a systematic review
Authors: Pelarin Karina Contiero , Pereira da Cruz José Augusto , Moura Neto Gastão , Moura Renata Furquim
Published: April 2022

Introduction: During orthodontic treatment, careful planning is essential for its success, taking into account aspects such as facial harmony, functional occlusion, and esthetics. The anchorage system has been widely used by orthodontists due to its high level of success. In addition to replacing the use of extra and intraoral devices, mini-implants show a simple technique that does not require patient cooperation and less discomfort, enabling more movements predictable and balanced in a short treatment time. Objective: To report the types of mini-implants and their characteristics, addressing their advantages and disadvantages, insertion locations, indications, and contraindications, in order to promote general knowledge of orthodontic treatment with skeletal anchorage. Methods: Clinical studies with qualitative and/or quantitative analysis were included, following the rules of the systematic review-PRISMA. Results: The mini-implants are made in two types, such as self-tapping requires a drill and self-drilling that has a cut. Their use provides advantages such as a set of more agile, simple, and less invasive techniques, with minimal anatomical limitations, less cost, not depending on the patient's contribution, allowing the application of immediate load and increased predictability of movements. Disadvantages are considered when there is movement and loosening of the mini-implant, involvement of nerves and blood vessels during surgery, mucosal irritation, and gingival hyperplasia caused by poor hygiene causing pain and swelling. Conclusion: It is concluded that the mini-implant emerged to revolutionize orthodontic treatment through more precise movements, in a short time, facilitating more complex movements that other devices had difficulty performing. Its main characteristic is a high success rate, in addition to having a reduced size, which allows its insertion in several sites. Consequently, the skeletal anchorage device is an excellent method, as long as it is used according to indications and taking meticulous care from the ideal choice of the device to the moment of its insertion.
Estilo de Apego y Habilidades Sociales, de los niños y niñas de 3 años, del Instituto de Educación Inicial N0 107-Huancavelica
Authors: Escobar Blua William Robert
Published: April 2022

El presente estudio tuvo como problema de investigación, ¿Cuál es la  relación entre el estilo de apego y las habilidades sociales, de los niños y niñas de 3 años, de la Institución Educativa inicial N0 107, de Huancavelica - 2018?, la población de estudio fue conformado por 132 niños de 3 años. Como  objetivo, fue determinar la relación que existe entre el estilo de apego y las habilidades sociales, de los niños y niñas de 3 años, de la Institución Educativa inicial N0 107, de Huancavelica - 2018, se usó el método científico y particular el deductivo, el tipo de investigación fue básico, nivel descriptivo y diseño descriptivo correlacional; se empleó la técnica de observación y como instrumento se utilizó la escala de apego (P.A.S.E). Los resultados fueron analizados en el programa estadístico SPSS - 24. Se encontró que el 71% (96) de los niños de tres años presentan un estilo de apego seguro, con habilidades sociales adecuadas.   Donde el Vc>Vt (141.5>9,49), lo cual indica que se rechaza la hipótesis nula, también se encontró que la probabilidad es menor que 5% (0,05), lo cual concluye que la mayoría de los niños de 3 años presenta un estilo de apego seguro y  habilidades sociales adecuadas, dando una relación significativa entre el estilo de apego y las habilidades sociales adecuadas, dando una relación significativa entre el estilo de apego y las habilidades sociales,  de los niños de 3 años.
AİHS ÇERÇEVESİNDE İDARİ YARGIDA GEREKÇELİ KARAR HAKKI
Authors: TURAN Burcu
Published: April 2022

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’nin 6. maddesinde düzenlenen “adil yargılanma hakkı” hukuk devleti olmanın bir gereği olarak AİHS’ne taraf devletlerin, yargılamaya ilişkin ilkelerini içermektedir. Gerekçeli karar hakkı, açıkça düzenlenen hakkaniyete uygun yargılama hakkı içinde zımnen düzenlenen haklardandır. Dava sonucunda verilen kararın gerekçesiz olması, gerekçenin yetersiz ve yasaya dayanmayan şekilde olması, tarafların iddialarına gerekçede yer verilmemesi gerekçeli karar hakkının ihlalidir ve sözleşmeye aykırıdır.
ALİ FUAT CEBESOY’UN GÖZÜNDEN DERSİM
Authors: PINAR Mehmet
Published: April 2022

Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e asayişi ihlal eden ve sorun teşkil eden coğrafyaların başında Dersim gelmekteydi. Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşuyla yeni rejim ulus-kimliği bağlamında türdeş bir toplum oluşturmak için milli bir inşa süreci başlattı. Cumhuriyet’in imparatorluk bakiyeleri üzerine kurulmuş olması bu düşüncenin pratiğe dökülmesini zorlaştırdı. Yeni rejim bu zorluğun üstesinden gelmek adına farklı uygulamaları hayata geçirmeye çalıştı. Aşiret yapılanmasının, farklı etnik kimliklerin ve nüfuzlu ailelerin olduğu coğrafyada ortak bir vatandaşlık modeli oluşturmak rejimin zorlandığı konular arasındaydı. Tek parti döneminde problemi çözme noktasında bir dizi raporlar hazırlandı. Bu raporların ağırlık noktasını asayişi sağlayacak askeri tedbirler oldu. Raporlar içinde en farklı olanı askeri çözümlerden ziyade bölge halkıyla iletişim kanallarının açık tutulmasını isteyen Cemal Bardakçı’nın raporu oldu. Ali Fuat Cebesoy’un jandarmaya teşkilatına dayandırdığı rapor bölgeyle ilgili ayrıntılı bilgiler sundu. Bölgede asilik faaliyetlerinde bulunanların fiziksel özelliklerinden kullandıkları silahlardan, taktik anlayışlarından geniş bir şekilde söz eder. Coğrafyaya hakim olmanın Türk birliklerine önemli bir avantaj kazandıracağını ısrarla savunur. Asilerin hareket tarzlarına benzer taktikler geliştirilmesini önemser. Raporu diğer çalışmalardan farklı kılan yön planlı ve programlı bir şekilde süreci sukunetleştirme ve tedip diye ikiye ayırmasıdır. .Coğrafyada Türk birliklerinin üstünlüğü ele geçirmesini stratejik yerlere kurulacak havzlara bağladı. Bu havzlar vasıtasıyla propagandalarla ve askeri tedbirlerle asilerin kabiliyet alanı daraltılacaktı. Raporda dikkat çeken konulardan biri de devletle işbirliği yapan aşiretlere şüpheli yaklaşımdı.
Cuidar el sueño. Valoración y cuidados del sueño en la población infantil
Authors: Díaz de la Rosa Belén Aniria , García Hernández María Noelia
Published: April 2022

Resumen Se presenta un trabajo conceptual sobre el cuidado del sueño en las edades pediátricas con el objetivo de describir las características, consecuencias de privación o mala higiene del sueño y presentar instrumentos de valoración y propuestas de cuidados. La información se estructura en seis áreas temáticas: 1. Características del sueño en la edad pediátrica, 2. Consecuencias de inadecuada calidad del sueño en los niños/as, 3. Problemas y trastornos del sueño en la edad pediátrica, 4. Prevalencia de la afectación del sueño en la edad pediátrica, 5. Valoración del sueño en edad pediátrica, 6. Cuidados de enfermería relacionados con el sueño. Se presentan los instrumentos de valoración por edades y los diagnósticos, objetivos e intervenciones específicas en cuidados que se deben considerar en la educación sanitaria en estas edades. Son pocos los estudios sobre el sueño en las edades pediátricas. Futuras líneas de investigación serían de interés para la descripción de los hábitos de sueño en la población infantil y la identificación de necesidades en cuidados, para incorporar intervenciones enfermeras y probar su eficacia por grupos de edad dada la trascendencia, para incorporar evidencia relevante a la práctica en cuidados. Summary A conceptual work on sleep care in pediatric ages is presented with the aim of describing the characteristics, consequences of sleep deprivation or poor hygiene and presenting assessment instruments and care proposals. The information is structured in six thematic areas: 1. Sleep characteristics in pediatric age, 2. Consequences of poor sleep quality in children, 3. Sleep problems and disorders in pediatric age, 4. Prevalence of sleep impairment in pediatric age, 5. Sleep assessment in pediatric age, 6. Sleep-related nursing care. The assessment instruments by age and the diagnoses, objectives and specific interventions in care that should be considered in health education at these ages are presented. There are few studies on sleep in pediatric ages. Future lines of research would be of interest for the description of sleep habits in the child population and the identification of care needs to incorporate nursing interventions and test their effectiveness by age groups given the relevance to incorporate relevant evidence to care practice.
Uses of Mathematics Textbooks for Grade (4-8) as Per Basic Concepts and Questions Levels in TIMSS Test: A Study Conducted in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Schools
Authors: Tamimi Abdul
Published: April 2022

This study tried to explore the degree of representation of math textbooks for grades (4-8) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia concerning the key concepts, shape, and levels of questions used in the TIMSS test. The study population of this study includes both students and teachers from fourth grade to eighth grade. The goal of this study was associated with six key concepts including numbers and their operations, algebra, geometry, measurement, statistics and probability, and a pro-rata. The researcher analyzed the questions and exercises used in the math textbooks to identify their effectiveness and efficiency. In addition, the researcher also calculated the percentages, the levels, and the shape for each key concept. The results of the study were organized in frequency tables. In the light of those results, the researcher recommended the need to rewrite the mathematics curriculum and textbooks for grades (4-8) to focus on the level of questions and exercises used to be best fit for the students comprehending level. Furthermore, the researcher also recommended to developed questions in the form of multiple-choice focusing on the content of the main concepts (statistics and probabilities, and a pro-rata) because of its importance in the life of the student. In addition, the resented figured out the need of conducting similar studies on the analysis of the results for Saudi students in an international math test, which was conducted in 2011 and 2015.
Cryptocurrency Bubble on the Systemic Risk in Global Energy Companies
Authors: Ji Qiang , Ripple Ronald D. , Zhang Dayong , Zhao Yuqian
Published: April 2022

Financialization has brought new challenges to the international energy markets, making energy systemic risk a more complicated issue. One of the important features is the development of cryptocurrency, which has become a critical part of the global financial markets. As a consequence, the rise and fall of cryptocurrency can have nonnegligible impacts on the systemic risks in the international energy sector. This paper empirically tests this hypothesis using the equity data of the top 100 energy companies from 2014 to 2021. Specifically, we explore the extreme shocks of cryptocurrency using multiple bubble tests, and then we test to what extent bubbles in cryptocurrency markets can affect systemic risk in the energy sector. Our empirical results show that the formation of cryptocurrency bubbles, especially when the bubbles burst, significantly increases systemic risks in the energy sector.This effect retains the same in the recent COVID-19 pandemic period. In addition, oil and gas companies play an essential channel in the risk spillover from cryptocurrency markets to the international energy markets.
TEMIR(III) ASOSIDAGI GETEROMETALLIK OKSO-MARKAZALASHGAN GLITSINATLARNING TEMIR TANQISLIGI ANEMIYASINI DAVOLASHDA QO‘LLASH HAQIDA
Authors: Abdulloyev Shaxobidin Xasanboyevich , Zokirov Omadillo Vohidjon o'g'li , Abdullayev Sharofiddin Shaxobiddin o'g'li , Mo'minov Zufarjon Zohidjon o'g'li
Published: April 2022

Maqolada qonning shaklli elementlari, xususan eritrotsitlarning organizmdagi funksiyasini bajarishda temir mikroelementining roli, temir tanqisligi anemiyasining davolanishi va profilaktikasida qo‘llanadigan ayrim dori vositalarning organizm tomonidan o‘zlashtirilish jarayonlari tahlil qilingan. Temir(III) asosidagi uch yadroli geterometallik okso-markazlashgan glitsinat xelat komplekslarning sintezi va ulardan parranalarning ozuqa qo‘shilmalari sifatida foydalanilganda qon elementlari hosil bo‘lishiga ta’sirini o‘rganish bo‘yicha natijalar bayon qilingan.
КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ НОВЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ БИС-МОЧЕВИН С АРОМАТИЧЕСКИМИ ДИАМИНАМИ
Authors: Холбоев Юсуф , Махсумов Абдухамит Гафурович , Аскаров Ибрагим Рахманович , Абдурахманов Улугбек
Published: April 2022

Описаны синтез и химические превращения бисмочевины, технология получения N,N1-гексаметиленбис[(дибензиламино(дифениламино)мочевины], биологическая активность синтезированных соединений. В качестве основного объекта производных бисмочевины из вторичных ароматических аминов были выбраны дифениламин, дибензиламин, карбазол, изатин, 5-бромизатин и п-ферроценилфениламин. В качестве модели использовали гексан-1,6-диизоцианат. Изучены факторы, влияющие на выход реакции синтеза производных бисмочевины. Разработана принципиальная технологическая схема производства N,N1-гексаметилен бис-[(аминоаромаил)мочевины]. По результатам исследования доказано, что новые соединения мочевины, образованные ароматическими диаминами, относятся к категории N,N1-бис-аминоароил мочевины.

По номенклатуре товаров ВЭД рекомендуется новая комбинация карбамида с ароматическими диаминами «N,N1-бис-аминоароил мочевина» с шифром -2929 90 0001.
1`-KARBOKSIFERROSEN-N-METILOLKARBOKSAMID SINTEZI
Authors: Abduraimov Zuxritdin Xolboyevich , To'lakov Nurilla Qosimovich
Published: April 2022

Maqolada ferrotsenning ayrim hosilalarining ahamiyati, 1`-karboksiferrosen-N-metilolkarboksamid sintezi, uning fizik-kimyoviy tahlillari o‘rganilganligi hamda hosilani foydali xususiyatlari haqida bayon qilingan.
Determinants of Energy Efficient Appliances among Malaysian Households: Roles of Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Interaction and Appliance Quality
Authors: Harun Siti Aminah , Fauzi Muhammad Ashraf , Kasim Nur Muneerah , Wider Walton
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of purchasing intention of energy efficient appliances among Malaysian households. Consumer behavior, particularly when purchasing non-environmentally friendly products, contributes significantly towards environmental problems and climate change. This study adopts the theory of planned behavior as the basis and integrates it with two external domains, namely social interaction and the quality of energy efficient appliances. A total of 318 respondents participated and were analyzed via partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings show that perceived behavioral control and subjective norms exert a significant and positive effect on consumers’ intention to purchase energy efficient appliances, while attitude has no significant influence. Meanwhile, social interaction and quality were found to be critical determinants of intention to purchase energy efficient appliances. Implications in the context of sustainable purchasing behavior and recommendations to increase consumers’ purchases of energy efficient appliances or green appliances are discussed.
Big Data en Colombia
Authors: Montero Ojeda Eliecer
Published: April 2022

Big Data la noción más implementada en esta era digital y seguramente la menos comprendida. Sin negar, la facultad de la colectividad actual para generar, guardar y devorar información, lo que ha aumentado de manera vertiginosa con el paso del tiempo. El gran tamaño de la información es solo una pequeña parte de lo que comprende Big Data, y su verdadero valor público se adjudica principalmente en poder generar análisis más fundamentados, donde el crecimiento acelerado en la producción de datos es provisto por mejores mecanismos de almacenamiento, gracias al internet y los movimientos menos represivos de información.
Análisis financiero: un factor determinante en la toma de decisiones
Authors: Ortega Gómez Erwin
Published: April 2022

Desde hace algunos años, las empresas han recurrido al análisis financiero como la herramienta principal para determinar las debilidades o falencias que presentan cuando no se tiene en claro las decisiones o cambios que deben tomarse para encontrar el éxito. El análisis tradicional en la actualidad se ha basado solo en generar un informe sobre la situación económica- financiera, olvidando que es importante hacer un comparativo entre los valores presentados como resultado de aplicar las razones financieras, por eso es importante resaltar algunos conceptos importantes de autores que se dieron en la tarea de presentar cambios trascendentales para la administración de la empresas.
Estrategia PRASS – El Carmen de Chucurí
Authors: Cárdenas González Leidy Johana , Jimenez Pinzón Jenny , Hincapie Ramirez Claudia Andrea
Published: April 2022

En el marco de esta investigación, a través de la secretaria de desarrollo junto a la secretaria de salud del municipio de El Carmen de Chucurí se realizó acompañamiento y atención en la metodología de la estrategia PRASS. Como enfoque primario se hizo parte de la investigación del brote por COVID-19 en el Centro de bienestar y vida para atención del adulto mayor Alirio Beltrán Luque, dado a que durante el mes mayo, la ESE Hospital El Carmen reportara dos casos positivos en el Hogar geriátrico, evidenciando un posible brote del virus en este lugar. Mediante el estudio de campo, se realizó el análisis a través de los registros clínicos de los adultos mayores y aplicando entrevistas al personal capacitado para la atención de los mismos, mediante esta estrategia, se obtuvieron 33 muestras antigénicas en personas con más de 5 días de inicio de los síntomas y una RT-PCR en un paciente remitido al Hospital Regional del distrito de Barrancabermeja, se identificaron 19 casos positivos de los cuales: 16 correspondían a beneficiaros del centro de Bienestar y 3 a trabajadores; de este grupo 7 fueron mujeres y 12 hombres, la distribución por edad fue: 8 menores de 60 años, 1 persona entre 60 y 69 años, 8 entre 70 y 79 años y 2 entre 80 y 89 años. La curva Epidémica mostró una fuente propagada, con inicio de síntomas del primer caso el 04 de mayo de 2021. La Estrategia PRASS, se ha implementado en el Municipio del Carmen de Chucuri de forma activa y positiva, por lo cual lugares como el hogar geriátrico se han visto beneficiados, ya que al detectar los casos positivos de COVID -19, se actúa a través de la protección, disminuyendo la propagación del virus entre los vivientes y el personal del Centro de Bienestar.
5https://doi.org/10.5569/1134-7147.76.01 ZERBITZUAN 76MARTXOA·MARZO 2022 Impacto de la COVID-19 en los centros residenciales de Euskadi: un análisis multinivel de la importancia de los factores de riesgo relativos al centro
Authors: Saizarbitoria Madalen
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo describe el análisis multinivel realizado en el marco de un reciente estudio que concluye que el centro residencial y sus características pueden explicar hasta un 55 % de las diferencias en el riesgo de contagio por SARS-CoV-2 entre personas que vivían en centros residenciales para personas mayores entre marzo y octubre de 2020 en Euskadi. El análisis, para el que se pudieron analizar datos de Osakidetza de más de 20.000 personas atendidas en esos centros, revela que las personas contagiadas tuvieron entre un 22 % y un 57 % más de riesgo de fallecer en el periodo de estudio. Los resultados indican que la intervención preventiva a nivel de centro puede resultar efectiva, pero que se necesita seguir investigando para conocer los factores específicos del centro que deben modificarse para reducir los contagios. El impacto de las características estructurales de los centros y la organización del personal son aspectos que habría que analizar de forma prioritaria.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH DIMENSI TIGA PADA SISWA SMA
Authors: Mukhlasin Muhammad , Fadiana Mu’jizatin , Rahayu Puji
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa kelas X MA Ma’arif 4 Dadapan dalam menyelesaikan soal dimensi tiga. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui tes dan wawancara dengan teknik analisis data statistik deskriptif yang dikembangkan berdasarkan indikator kemampuan pemecahan masalah Polya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa dengan kemampuan tinggi dan sedang mampu menggunakan langkah pemecahan masalah Polya dengan baik, namun pada siswa dengan kemampuan rendah kurang mampu menggunakannya.
UJI VALIDITAS PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA MATEMATIKA BERBASIS KONSTRUKTIVISME PADA MATERI PROGRAM LINEAR
Authors: Inayati Putri , Rahayu Puji
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan LKS yang valid. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan model Four-D yang terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: a) define, b) design dan c) develop dan d) disseminate. Namun dalam penelitian ini hanya sampai pada tahap pengembangan dengan uji validitas. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam LKS berbasis konstruktivisme berupa lembar validasi yang digunakan untuk menilai validitas LKS. Hasil dari validitas Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) berbasis konstruktivisme  divalidasi oleh ahli materi memperoleh skor rata-rata secara keseluruhan adalah 75,83% dengan kriteria baik, sedangkan validasi oleh ahli media mendapatkan skor rata-rata keseluruhan 89,72% dengan kriteria sangat baik. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian pengembangan ini menunjukkan bahwa LKS matematika berbasis konstruktivisme pada materi Program Linear memenuhi kualifikasi yang valid.
Amor Romántico y Violencia contra las Mujeres desde el Enfoque de Género
Authors: Torrico Cano Camila Lucía , Alcoba Meriles Dolly
Published: April 2022

Romantic love is dangerous for many women. Violence against them (VAW) and femicides increase and are mostly perpetrated by their (ex) partners. The Objective of the present was to describe the interpretations of Romantic Love and VAW of men and women who go to the University in La Paz; the approach is qualitative of descriptive exploratory type, based on focus groups and a scale. Despite sharing some indicators, men and women interpret them differently, but these respond to the traditional image of romantic love, where VAW is naturalized, so a possible way to counteract it is by deconstructing romantic love, and gender stereotypes that they promote it.
Documenting 20th and 21st century glacier change and landscape evolution with maps and land, aerial, and space-based geospatial imagery in Alaska’s Kenai Mountains
Authors: MOLNIA Bruce F. , KANTOR Camelia M. , DILLES Shawn J. , ANGELI Kim M.
Published: April 2022

Data fusion and analysis of maps and remote sensing data collected from different spatial perspectives (ground, air, and space) at different times from the early 20th century to the present using different sensors were used to answer questions about glacier behavior and rapidly changing landscapes of Alaska’s southern Kenai Mountains. Expeditions to three fiords of the southern Kenai Mountains were conducted during the summers of 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2021. Each expedition used repeat photography to document glacier behavior and change, and landscape evolution at six Kenai Mountains glaciers, most located within Kenai Fjords National Park. Bear Glacier, Aialik Glacier, Pedersen Glacier, Holgate Glacier, Little Holgate Glacier, and Northwestern Glacier were studied and at a minimum, their terminus positions were determined for the following dates: 1909, 1950, 1961, 1973, 1990, 2004-2006, and 2021. Each glacier displayed unique asynchronous behavior. Since 1909, all displayed long-term terminus retreat. However, the timing for each glacier was unique. In 2021, Holgate Glacier was advancing, while the other five glaciers were retreating.
Wintering habitat modelling for conservation of Eurasian vultures in northern India
Authors: JHA Radhika , KANAUJIA Amita , JHA Kaushalendra Kumar
Published: April 2022

Eurasian Black Vulture (EBV) and Eurasian Griffon Vulture (EGV), while residents elsewhere, winter in Uttar Pradesh, India. Knowledge of the habitat and regulating factors is obligatory for protection and better management of these vultures. Therefore, different types of habitats were mapped using eight species distribution models. Presence records from field survey, published data and citizen science, and 23 bioenvironmental raster layers were the model inputs. Eighteen models were developed whose strength varied greatly. As per the performance indicators, GBM and GLM were found to be superior models for EGV. For EBV all models were acceptable. MARS, with good model strength, was rejected on the grounds of field verification. However, the Ensemble model, overall, was found the best. As per this model, good habitat was restricted mostly in the Tarai ecozone. The top two vital variables were NDVI, and bio13 for both the vultures. The most vital temperature variable for EGV was bio08 while bio09 for EBV. Tarai ecozone showed the largest expanse of suitable area for both the vultures followed by Vindhyan-Bundelkhand, Gangetic plains and Semi-arid ecozones. Among the two, EBV (49000 km2) had more suitable area than EGV (37000 km2). Agricultural areas were found to be largely unsuitable. As per land cover, good habitat was mostly confined in forests. For better management of these wintering vultures which need only roosting and foraging, it is proposed that destruction of forested habitat and decrease in foraging materials needed immediate attention and control.
Barns tilgang til erfaringer som er relevante for samfunnsfag
Authors: Hidle Kari-Mette Walmann
Published: April 2022

Praktiske erfaringer er en viktig kilde til sakkunnskap i samfunnsfag på småskoletrinnet. 97 prosent av elevene har 2–5 års barnehageerfaring når de begynner på skolen, og innholdet i barnehagehverdagen har betydning for skolestarternes erfaringsrikdom. Styringsdokumentene legger premisser for barns tilgang til slike erfaringer, og artikkelens problemstilling er: I hvilken grad legger planverket til rette for faglig progre­sjon mellom nærmiljø og samfunn i barnehagen og samfunnsfag på småskoletrinnet? Materialet er hentet fra Rammeplan for barnehagen (RP17) og Læreplan i samfunnsfag (LK20). For å sammenlikne så forskjellige plandokumenter har jeg utviklet et analyse­verktøy med utgangspunkt i Deweys teori om progresjon som kontinuitet i erfaring. Erfaringsbegrepet er operasjonalisert, og ved hjelp av dimensjonene kontinuitet og utvidelse har jeg utviklet en typologi med typene progresjon, kontinuitet, avbrudd og fragmentering. Denne teoretiseringen kan brukes på flere fag og materialer, og er et av artikkelens originale bidrag. Det andre er den komparative analysen ved hjelp av verk­tøyet. Analysen har to hovedfunn. Det første er at planverket er ambivalent når det gjelder faglig progresjon. Rammeplan for barnehagen krever at barn skal tilbys sam­funnsfagrelevante erfaringer innen alle temaene de møter gjennom kompetansemål i skolens samfunnsfag de to første årene, men læreplanen synes i begrenset grad å kjenne og ta hensyn til hvilke samfunnsfagrelevante erfaringer barn skal tilbys i barnehagen. Det andre er at læreplanen for samfunnsfag i skolen i liten grad vektlegger erfaringens betydning i barns læring. Operasjonalisering av intensjonen om utforsking, lek, aktivi­teter og praktiske handlinger på forskjellige arenaer i lokalmiljøet som forutsettes i over­ordnet del av læreplanen, overlates dermed til det lokale planarbeidet.
Encountering the Colonial Relationship and Existential Uncertainty in Andrea Levy’s Small Island
Authors: Fraser Denia
Published: April 2022

For West Indian colonials whose cultural traditions are colored by the idealizations of a colonizing British mother country, discovering one’s place in familial and national structures involves making real and imagined journeys to that mother country. In Andrea Levy’s Small Island, two Jamaicans, Hortense and Gilbert, grow up in early twentieth-century, colonial Jamaica and later immigrate to WWII-era England. Through their narratives of both places, Levy demonstrates how the dynamic of the colonial relationship—the values and hierarchies inherent in the relationship between the mother country and her colony—impact mother-child relationships, self-understanding, and identity. In this article, I assert that the existential uncertainty that the colonial relationship creates—the desire and unpredictability of human relationship and the ensuing ambivalence about psychological survival—consistently holds in tension two important concepts: help and humiliation. The structure, pressures, and oppressions of the colonial system in Jamaica and England lead Hortense and Gilbert to either experience or inflict scenes of humiliation that arise from making relational sacrifices.
Finding the Empathetic Genre
Authors: Roy Arnab
Published: April 2022

Empathy scholars not just show that when effortfully cultivated, empathy can be recruited for out-grouping, they also assert that literatures, through complex narrative building and perspective taking, can foster a reader’s willingness to simulate the thoughts/feelings of others. Nonetheless, these scholars insist that not all literatures have the same effect on readers. While some such as the romance (that seeks the union of lovers) are more suited for cross-cultural empathy, others like the heroic plot (that celebrates a hero’s ethnocentric victories) strengthen in-groupism. Adopting this theoretical framework, I examine Mirza Waheed’s The Book of Golden Leaves, a modern romance set in the backdrop of occupied Kashmir. The novel explores the Kashmir conflict from the perspectives of a local couple, Faiz and Roohi, as they negotiate their romantic union through obstacles including communal strife, their own ideological positions on Kashmir, and the broader political turmoil in the valley. My goal in this article is to see whether the novel, as a romance, can truly extend an empathetic view to the pain experienced by the diverse residents of the valley or whether it gets built into a heroic plot that ultimately favors a nationalistic political agenda (Indian or Pakistani). This study facilitates fresh ways of exploring empathy and literature and provides insights into understanding the Kashmir conflict.
Judicial Enforcement of Mandatory Provincial Interventions in Municipalities in South Africa
Authors: Wright Johandri , Dube Felix , Plessis Anél du
Published: April 2022

This article evaluates the judicial enforcement of provincial interventions in municipalities as a viable response to the collapse of local government in South Africa. We argue that when relations between municipalities and their communities have deteriorated to a level of deep mistrust and collapse, and when there is dismal service delivery, there is a case for the courts to order unresponsive provincial authorities to intervene in municipalities as provided for in law. Such interventions are necessary in the name of intergovernmental support and co-responsibility. They protect the rights of communities. However, reality shows that judicially ordered interventions are simplistic solutions that do not do justice to the legal and political complexities around such interventions. Party politics and the need for sustained good local governance often clash when the judiciary orders provincial executives to intervene in failing municipalities. Consideration of the aftermath of judicially ordered interventions in selected cases in this article confirms that whereas litigation may enforce the law around provincial interventions and municipal duties, it is a short-term fix that does not bring sustainable solutions to the collapse of local government. Instead, it often exacerbates the situation.
The Role of Cities in nternational Migration Governance: Migratory Paradiplomacy in the Global Compacts for Migration and Refugees
Authors: Ramírez Adriana Sletza Ortega , García Luis Alonso De Ita
Published: April 2022

The present article addresses the question of whether cities can be considered new sites for international compliance, given their explicit inclusion in contemporary international soft law instruments such as the Global Compacts for Migration and Refugees. It analyses the role of cities as local and international actors in migration issues in terms of how they have been constructed as actors influencing international migration law and discusses the implications of the migratory paradiplomacy they exercise.
Application of the Aluminothermic Reduction Process for Magnesium Removal in Aluminum Scrap
Authors: Maricela Ochoa Palacios Rocio , Castillo Rodriguez Citlaly , Torres Torres Jesus , Janet Resendiz Hernandez Perla , Flores Valdes Alfredo
Published: April 2022

Magnesium is considered as impurity element in aluminum recycled for obtaining some cast alloys, with low concentration Mg, because at 0.1 wt% results in fragility, fractures, and defects. This research applies the aluminothermic reduction process to decrease magnesium content in aluminum cans by adding ZnO, to produce reaction products solid-state (Al2O3, MgO and MgAl2O4), and there is a possibility to obtain Al-Zn alloy. The conditions of the process were, melting temperature (750, 800, 850°C) and stirring velocity (200, 250, 300 rpm). The Mg and Zn contents were measured for chemical analysis and scrap generated from every process was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results show how the aluminothermic reduction decreased Mg from 0.93 to 0.06 wt% and increased zinc up to 5.52wt % in the molten metal. Therefore, this process can be used to remove Mg and can also prevent the generation of polluting gases into the environment.
Insecticide Use and Application in Cameroon
Authors: Justin Okolle Nambangia , Yawa Monono Ekwa , Ivan Tabikam Amungwa , Stephania Kinge Mambo , Pierre Fils Rodrique Magwell
Published: April 2022

Cameroon has a diverse natural environment with five agro-ecological zones that support the cultivation of many crops. The country relies mainly on agriculture, with main export crops such as cocoa, coffee, cotton and banana. The agricultural sector occupies an average of about 47 million hectares of land with different production system practices such as mono cropping, mixed cropping, intercropping etc. Biotic factors are major constraints. These biotic constraints are seriously hindering the crop production, resulting to pre-and post-harvest losses and lower yields. These pests are mainly from the arthropod, vertebrate, mollusk, weeds and nematode groups and disease-causing pathogen such as fungi, viruses and bacteria. With these constraints famers in developing world like Cameroon are forced to look for ways to control these pests and pathogens which lead to the use of numerous preventive and curative techniques including the use of insecticides. Using insecticides is not against the law but the application methods and the supply routes carried out by farmers and traders respectively might be bad. This is why this chapter reviews the insecticides supply routes, registration procedure and registered insecticides, insecticidal application with its malpractices while looking at its intoxication as well as the alternatives to the use of synthetic insecticides in Cameroon and make possible recommendations to promote judicious use of insecticides in Cameroon.
Bioenergy Production: Emerging Technologies
Authors: Michael Smarte Anekwe Ifeanyi , Kwaku Armah Edward , Kweinor Tetteh Emmanuel
Published: April 2022

Bioenergy, when compared to traditional fossil fuels, offers clear benefits due to its renewable nature and enormous supply, and so plays a critical role in ensuring energy stability while minimizing net greenhouse gas emission. However, the advancement of bioenergy can produce major environmental changes, the extent of which is unknown. This chapter highlights the overview of bioenergy, available technologies for bioenergy production, environmental implications, challenges, prospects and future work consideration for the successful transition to bioenergy economy. Consequently, a global bioenergy sector producing substantial amount of energy would be required for the transition to a low-carbon energy economy while meeting rising future energy demands.
Sensory Evaluation of EVOO: Do Different Test Locations Have a Relevant Impact on Data Quality?
Authors: Bongartz Annette , Popp Martin , Retsch Richard
Published: April 2022

In natural sciences, in general, the most important challenge is to ensure the reliability and validity of collected data and results. The identification of relevant influencing factors and the definition of adequate methodological approaches helps to minimize “noise.” Within the sensory evaluation of extra virgin olive oil, many potentially influencing factors are known. Tasting procedures, therefore, are standardized. However, not all criteria have the same impact on data quality. The study at hand focuses on the possible influence of different test locations, comparing the situation in sensory labs (in situ) with so-called home testing stations (remote) for two well-experienced olive oil panels. Panel performance of both panels meets all regulatory requirements. Looking at the results from the overall statistical data analysis, slight differences between results coming from the two panels can be seen (nevertheless, not exceeding the requirements), but almost no differences are found between results coming out of different test situations. Knowing that the influence of testing through different panels is small but nevertheless bigger than a potential impact of testing in different test locations (sensory lab versus home testing stations), shows us the great potential for future use of remote test designs likewise to lab designs to obtain valid data.
Potential Defensive Involvement of Methyl Jasmonate in Oxidative Stress and Its Related Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Shivshankar M. Gunjegaonkar , Amol A. Joshi , Sagar B. Wankhede , Balasaheb D. Siraskar , Abhijit N. Merekar , Sachin D. Shinde
Published: April 2022

Jasmonic acid (JA), cytokinins (CK), gibberellins (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid (SA) are potent plant stress hormones (phytohormones/PTH). Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a volatile ester of JA, is derived from the petals of Jasminum grandiflorum (jasmine). The MeJA has been meticulously confirmed for its food, agricultural, and therapeutic uses in the treatment of a range of serious illnesses. Several scientific articles have studied and reported on the role of free radicals in the development of life-threatening clinical illnesses. The inflammatory signaling pathway is triggered by a weak or interfering endogenous antioxidant system, or the elaborated production of free radicals, which causes damage to key cellular components. The current chapter focused on and demonstrated MeJA’s multifunctional role in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling mechanisms such as inhibition of NF-B (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) pathway inhibition/down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL, TNF-), cyclo-oxygenase (COX), and (LOX). The antioxidant effect of MeJA’s interaction with miRNA, transcription of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nfr2), activation of sirtuins (SIRTs), antioxidant and redox signaling pathway were also discussed in the chapter.