bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Problem Based Instruction Berbantuan Media Audio Visual Terhadap Kompetensi Pengetahuan IPA
Authors: Dewii Ni Komang Yulia , Negara I Gusti Agung Oka , Suniasih Ni Wayan
Published: April 2024

Kurang aktif dan cepat bosan saat pembelajaran serta siswa cenderung menghafal dan sulit memahami konsep pembelajaran yang terkait dengan muatan materi IPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis model Problem Based Instruction berbantuan media audio visual terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPA siswa kelas IV SD. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan Non Equivalent Control Group Design. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas IV SD yang berjumlah 181 orang. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik classter random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dengan metode tes. Instrumen penelitian dengan tes pilihan ganda. Teknik analisis dengan analisis kuantitatif. Rata-rata gain skor ternormalisasi kelompok eksperimen yaitu sebesar 0,649 dan rata-rata gain skor ternormalisasi kelompok kontrol sebesar 0.186. Data kompetensi pengetahuan IPA dikumpulkan dengan tes hasil belajar. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan uji-t polled variance. Hasil analisis uji-t menunjukkan bahwa t hitung sama dengan 17,204 lebih dari ttabel sama dengan 2,000, maka H0 ditolak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model Problem Based Instruction berbantuan media audio visual terahadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPA kelas IV SD.
Model Pembelajaran Course Review Horay Berbantuan Media Gambar Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Ipa Siswa Kelas V SD
Authors: Yuliana Fadjri , Abadi Ida Bagus Gede Surya , Sujana I Wayan
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya motivasi belajar IPA siswa kelas V di SD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari model pembelajaran Course Review Horay terhadap motivasi belajar IPA siswa kelas V SD. Quasi Eksperimen merupakan jenis dari penelitian ini serta dipilih Nonequivalent Control Group Design sebagai desainpenelitiandengan pretest hanya digunakan dalam rangka mengetahui kesetaraan kelompok.Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas V SD yakni sebanyak 13 kelas dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 468 siswa. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas V SD berjumlah 32 orang siswa sebagai kelompok yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran Course Review Horay dan kelas V SD berjumlah 32 orang siswa sebagai kelompok kontrol yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode non tes. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa kuesioner. Rerata motivasi belajar IPA pada kelompok eksperimen yaitu  sama dengan 80,5 dan kelompok kontrol  sama dengan 64,75. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis uji-t dengan rumus separated varians. Hasil anlisis data diperoleh (thitung sama dengan 4,947 lebih dari ttabel sama dengan 2,042) pada taraf signifikasi 5%, maka, H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima yang berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan motivasi belajar IPA antara kelompok yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran Course Review Horay dengan kelompok yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas V SD. Disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Course Review Horay berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar IPA kelas V SD.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Probing Prompting dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Bangun Datar Siswa SD
Authors: Warningsih Giri Ni Ketut Sila , Suniasih Ni Wayan , Wiarta I Wayan
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas model pembelajaran Probing Prompting dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep bangun datar siswa SD. Penelitian ini adalah Studi Kepustakaan dan pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik pencatatan dokumen. Berdasarkan beberapa artikel penelitian sejenis yang terkumpul melalui studi kepustakaan dengan teknik pencatatan dokumen, diperoleh delapan penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria dan merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang mengangkat tentang model pembelajaran probing prompting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Terdapat dua teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni analisis deskriptif dan meta-analisis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis delapan penelitian diperoleh secara keseluruhan rata-rata effect size model pembelajaran probing prompting adalah sebesar 0,67. Angka effect size tersebut berada pada kategori sedang. Meskipun besaran pengaruh effect size secara keseluruhan berada pada kategori sedang, model pembelajaran probing prompting tetap memenuhi kualifikasi untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa. Temuan beberapa penelitian membangun dan menguatkan suatu kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu terbukti bahwa model pembelajaran Probing Prompting berpengaruh dan efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa pada materi bangun datar.
INFLUENCE OF THE SMALL HYDROPOWER STATIONS ON THE HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES IN THE SERET RIVER (LEFT TRIBUTARY OF THE DNISTER RIVER)
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Pylypovych Olha , Mykhnovych Andriy ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Andreychuk Yuriy ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Morozovs’ka Uliana ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: April 2024

Sources of the Seret River are located near Ratyshchi village in Ternopil region. The river has the length of 248 km, the catchment area is about 3,900 km2. During the last 15 years seven small hydropower stations (SHPS) have been constructed in the Seret riverbed (Zahidhydroenergo, Velykohaivs’ka, Lux-2, Yanivs’ka, Chortkivs’ka, Bilche-Zolotets’ka, Bilche-Zolotets’ka-2, and Kasperivs’ka). Since all the SHPS are situated in the Seret riverbed and have a dam which decelerate water flow velocity, they influence the water runoff, sediments runoff, and water quality. After their building the cases of flooding of villages, overgrowing of the river bed reservoirs by algae plants became more often, and the long-term dynamics of the water and sediments runoff changed. To assess the water and sediments runoff changes in the catchment and to ascertain correlation between these changes and the SHPS the monitoring data sets of the Hydro-Meteorological Survey of Ukraine and the Carpathian Hydrological Observatory were analyzed. Recently the observations on the water runoff are implemented at two gauging stations: Velyka Berezovytsia village and Chortkiv city. The sediments runoff data are collected by the Chortkiv gauging station. The assessment of the water and sediments runoff changes in the Seret River in the period 1948–2022 and ascertaining of the role of water regulating by dams and reservoirs of small hydropower stations in the riverbed have been carried out. We also carried out a comparison of the sediments runoff module for the Seret River and the neighbouring Koropets River.
Legal Analysis of the Success of Mixue Franchise Schemes in Singapore, South Korea, and Japan Linked to the Success of Mixue Franchise Schemes in Indonesia and Vietnam
Authors: Sewu Pan Lindawaty Suherman , Tresnawati  , Rachelia Callista
Published: April 2024

Franchising is a system of marketing goods and services and technology, which is based on closed and continuous cooperation between independent actors (meaning the franchisor and individual franchisee) and is separated both legally and financially, where the franchisor grants rights to the individual’s franchisee and imposes an obligation to carry out its business following the franchisor’s concept. The franchise business that is currently going viral is the Mixue franchise, which offers luxury ice cream at very cheap prices. Mixue became a franchise that had very rapid growth during the 2020 pandemic. In the 2020–2023 period, its outlets reached 1000 in Indonesia. So it is called the angel that takes away empty shophouses because the rapid development of Mixue also helps the property business. Even though it targets third and fourth-ranked cities, Mixue dominates provincial capitals in Indonesia. Mixue’s phenomenal success in Indonesia, after having had great success in Vietnam since 2018, has caused Mixue to expand to Singapore, South Korea, and Japan. In this research, the author will analyze the franchise laws from a legal perspective and compare them with those of the three countries, which may be a factor in the success of the Mixue franchise, which was previously achieved in Indonesia and Vietnam.
This research is normative juridical research that uses secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, namely various relevant laws and regulations, and secondary legal materials, namely books and legal literature. The approaches used are statutory and conceptual.
Results from research are hoped to provide one-stop article input for entrepreneurs, businesspeople, and legal academics regarding the comparison of franchise law, especially in Singapore, South Korea, and Japan, which Indonesia and Vietnam also complement.
Treatment of gonarthrosis using autologous platelet-rich plasma
Authors: Egiazaryan KA , Danilov MA , Abdusalamov RM
Published: April 2024

Injections of platelet-rich plasma are considered to be a promising treatment. Medicines acting on the subchondral bone can improve tissue's structure and slow down destruction of the articular cartilage. This study aimed to analyze the results of intraarticular and intraosseous administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in gonarthrosis cases. One hundred and eighty-seven participants (gonarthrosis stages 1 through 3) were divided into three groups. Group 1 (treatment group) received intraarticular PRP injections, group 2 (comparison group) — intraosseous PRP injections. For assessment purposes, we used the SF-36 survey and visual analog scale. Three months after the treatment, initial pain level decreased in both groups 1 and 2. In group 1, the prevalence of synovitis went down after 3 months, in group 2 — after 6 months (21.9 and 31.3%, respectively; p < 0.05). Six months after the treatment, soft tissue swelling around the joint was registered less often in groups 1 and 2 (8.2 and 8.3%, respectively). As for the physical component of the quality of life, it improved in group 1 after 3 months (70.40%), in group 2 — after 6 months (69.80%); as for the mental component, the dynamics was acknowledged positive 3 months after the treatment in groups 1 and 2 (64.30 and 65.10%, respectively), and 6 months after the treatment (65.10 and 66.40%, respectively). Thus, administration of PRP in gonarthrosis cases attenuate pain and improves the quality of life. In terms of alleviation of the clinical symptoms and improvement of the physical component of patients' lives, intraosseous PRP injections performed significantly better.
Lechenie gonartroza s primeneniem autologicheskoj obogashchennoj trombocitami plazmy
Authors: Егиазарян К. А. , Данилов М. А. , Абдусаламов Р. М.
Published: April 2024

In"ekcii plazmy s trombocitami rassmatrivayut kak perspektivnyj metod lecheniya. Preparaty, vozdejstvuyushchie na subhondral'nuyu kost', mogut sposobstvovat' uluchsheniyu struktury tkani i zamedleniyu razrusheniya sustavnogo hryashcha. Cel'yu raboty bylo izuchit' rezul'taty lecheniya pacientov s gonartrozom putem vnutrisustavnogo i vnutrikostnogo vvedeniya obogashchennoj trombocitami plazmy (OTP). V issledovanie vklyucheny 187 pacientov s 1–3-j stadiej, razdelennye na tri gruppy. V gruppe 1 (osnovnaya) osushchestvlyali vnutrisustavnoe vvedenie OTP, v gruppe 2 (sravneniya) — vnutrikostnye in"ekcii OTP. Dlya ocenki ispol'zovali vizual'no-analogovuyu shkalu i oprosnik «SF-36». V gruppe 1 i 2 bylo zaregistrirovano snizhenie pokazatelya startovoj boli uzhe cherez 3 mesyaca posle provedennogo lecheniya. Snizhenie chastoty sinovitov otmecheno u pacientov gruppy 1 cherez 3 mesyaca; v gruppe 2 — cherez 6 mesyacev (21,9 i 31,3% sootvetstvenno; r < 0,05). CHastota registracii otechnosti myagkih tkanej oblasti sustava snizhalas' cherez 6 mesyacev u pacientov gruppy 1 i gruppy 2 (8,2 i 8,3% sootvetstvenno). U pacientov gruppy 1 byla vyyavlena polozhitel'naya dinamika cherez 3 mesyaca (70,40%), gruppy 2 — cherez 6 mesyacev (69,80%) po fizicheskomu komponentu kachestva zhizni; u pacientov gruppy 1 i gruppy 2 cherez 3 mesyaca (64,30 i 65,10% sootvetstvenno), cherez 6 mesyacev (65,10 i 66,40% sootvetstvenno) — po psihicheskomu komponentu. Takim obrazom, ispol'zovanie OTP pri gonartroze svidetel'stvuet o snizhenii boli, uluchshenii parametrov zhizni. Vnutrikostnye in"ekcii OTP znachitel'no uluchshayut klinicheskie simptomy i fizicheskoe kachestvo zhizni pacientov.
Purchase intentions in a chatbot environment: An examination of the effects of customer experience
Authors: Martínez Puertas Sergio , Illescas Manzano María Dolores , Segovia López Cristina , Ribeiro-Cardoso Paulo
Published: April 2024

Research background: Chatbots represent valuable technological tools that allow companies to improve customer experiences, meet their expectations in real time, and provide them with personalized assistance. They have contributed to the transformation of conventional customer service models into online solutions, offering accessibility and efficiency through their integration across various digital platforms. Nevertheless, the existing literature is limited in terms of exploring the potential of chatbots in business communication and studying their impact on the customer's response.
Purpose of the article: The main objective of this study is to examine how consumers perceive chatbots as customer service devices. In particular, the paper aims to analyze the influence of the dimensions of “Information”, “Entertainment”, “Media Appeal”, “Social Presence” and “Risk for Privacy” on the “Customer Experience” and the latter on the “Purchase Intention”, under the consideration of the Uses and Gratifications Theory. Moderations due to Chatbot Usage Frequency for some of the relationships proposed are also analyzed. 
Methods: An empirical study was performed through a questionnaire to Spanish consumers. The statistical data analysis was conducted with R software through the lavaan package. To test the hypotheses from the conceptual model a structural equation modelling approach was adopted.
Findings & value added: The results obtained identify the main characteristics of chatbots that can support brands to effectively develop their virtual assistants in order to manage their relational communication strategies and enhance their value proposal through the online customer journey. Findings demonstrate the contribution that chatbot dimensions make to the online consumer experience and its impact on the purchase intention, with the consideration of the moderating effect exercised by the user's level of experience (novice vs. experienced) with the use of chatbots. Regarding managerial implications, this research offers recommendations for e-commerce professionals to manage chatbots more effectively. The “Entertainment” and “Social Presence” dimensions can be operationalized at a visual (e.g., appearance of the avatar and text box, use of designs aligned with the website) and textual level (e.g., style and tone of voice, use of expressions typical of the target audience) to generate a feeling of proximity with the chatbot and facilitate its adoption. “Media Appeal” requires that the chatbot be easy to use, effective, and accessible, to facilitate its usability. Finally, mitigation of “Privacy Risk” concerns should be achieved by presenting an appropriate privacy policy and requesting permission for the use of customers’ private information.
Economic and institutional determinants of environmental health and sustainability: Spatial and nonlinear effects for a panel of worldwide countries
Authors: Dinu Vasile , Dragoş Cristian Mihai , Mare Codruţa , Dragoş Simona Laura , Mare Roxana
Published: April 2024

Research background: This study identifies the key factors influencing environmental health across a global panel of countries, focusing on protection from environmental hazards, as informed by the existing literature, while also shedding light on novel aspects of these causal relationships.
Purpose of the article: This study aims to reveal, through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, the underexplored phenomena of spatial diffusion and contagion of national environmental behaviors and the nonlinear dynamics between environmental performance and its determinants, acknowledging the significant diversity in the characteristics and behaviors of the countries studied.
Methods: Spatial analysis and econometric methods, including spatial panel regression alongside dynamic panel models using threshold techniques, were employed to meet the study’s objectives.
Findings & value added: This study’s major finding is that environmental performance across nations shows significant clustering influenced by economic and institutional factors. This clustering effect arises from spatial contagion and diffusion processes, as evidenced by spatial panel regression analysis. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that variations in environmental behavior can be attributed to differing levels of development and specific internal conditions within countries. Notably, a country’s gross domestic product and the proportion of industries in its economy have a substantial effect on its environmental health practices, establishing distinct impact thresholds. This research enriches academic dialogue by illustrating, through these thresholds, that in less developed countries, an increased industrial share leads to environmental degradation. Moreover, the influence of the other examined factors varied depending on the category of the country under review, highlighting the nuanced effects of economic and institutional variables on environmental outcomes.
Generation Z's perception of privacy on social media: Examining the impact of personalized advertising, interpersonal relationships, reference group dynamics, social isolation, and anxiety on self-disclosure willingness
Authors: Rózsa Zoltán , Ferenčáková Lucia , Zámek David , Firstová Jana
Published: April 2024

Research background: Consumers frequently exchange personal data for limited benefits from digital services, despite privacy concerns. This data enables digital providers to tailor content and enhance marketing communication, and digital services' effectiveness and efficiency.
Purpose of the article: Utilizing the principles of privacy calculus theory, this study aims to identify how attitudes towards advertising (ATT), perception of advertising credibility (CRE), consumer susceptibility to interpersonal (II) and reference group influence (RGI), social isolation (SI) and social anxiety (SA) influence the willingness of Generation Z to disclose personal information on social media derived from the Generation Z privacy concerns (PC) and develop a prediction model for such behavior.
Methods:  Data was gathered using an online self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 451 Generation Z individuals. A non-random convenient sampling technique and binary logistic regression were used to quantify the influence of selected independent variables on the dispersion of values in the dependent variable under investigation.
Findings & value added:  The results highlight that Generation Z's self-disclosure willingness on social media is significantly influenced by attitudes toward advertising and consumer susceptibility to reference group influence. The effect of social isolation was also close to the required level of statistical significance. It means that positive attitudes towards advertising and high susceptibility to influence from reference groups enhance the probability of personal information disclosure. Being one of the few studies to address factors that influence the willingness of Generation Z to disclose personal information on social media, this study stands out for its holistic approach. Thus, combining various interconnected elements provides a fresh perspective to comprehend the intricate dynamics of Generation Z's relationship with privacy on social media.
Application of forensic analysis methods in the field of investigation of recruitment of people for sexual slavery abroad
Authors: Yemelyanova I. S. , Petrenko P. P. , Kiselyov A. O.
Published: April 2024

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the human trafficking problem, with a focus on sexual exploitation as one of the main forms of this crime. The author examines this issue from various aspects, particularly through the lens of statistical data, legislative norms, and investigative methods. Special attention is given to the situation in Ukraine, where human trafficking, exacerbated by the full-scale war with Russia, remains an extremely relevant and complex problem. Prior to the conflict, Ukraine ranked 49th among 167 countries in the prevalence of modern slavery. However, due to recent events, the scale and prevalence of this crime have significantly increased. Utilizing statistical data from the National Police of Ukraine, the article points out the high latency of this crime and the significant proportion of sexual exploitation among human trafficking cases. In the context of legal regulation, the author analyzes international and national normative acts that prohibit slavery and human exploitation. In particular, attention is drawn to Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the relevant articles of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The article describes how human trafficking is conducted both at the national and transnational levels, with an emphasis on the difficulties of detection and investigation of such crimes due to their hidden nature. It is noted that the investigation of such crimes requires the use of two methods of inquiry: information from witnesses and victims, which can be less effective, and data from operational-search activities, which provides maximum efficiency. For investigating offenses related to sexual exploitation abroad, criminal analysis methods are used, including the analysis of connections, events, departmental, and open-source information. The author emphasizes the importance of using innovative technologies, particularly artificial intelligence and multimodal models based on machine learning, for more effective detection and counteraction of the crime of human trafficking. It is underscored that such technologies can complement traditional investigative methods, providing the ability to better analyze collected information and identify potential victims and criminals. The author of the article calls for attention to and resolution of the human trafficking problem in Ukraine and emphasizes the necessity of adhering to international and internal norms to combat this crime.
Moral principles of advocacy: general provisions
Authors: Zaborovskyy V. V.
Published: April 2024

This article, taking into account, first of all, the specifics of the legal status of a lawyer and lawyer activity in general, analyzes the essence of moral principles, as well as their importance in the context of ensuring the independence of a lawyer’s professional activity. The position is argued, according to which the possibility of practicing law at a high level is directly related to the strict observance of all moral requirements that apply to the legal profession and has a direct connection with the lawyer’s personality. Every lawyer should be aware that the lack of proper qualifications and non-compliance with moral principles results in the impossibility of ensuring the realization of the rights, freedoms and interests of persons who are the highest social value in society.

The positions of both domestic and foreign scientists are analyzed, highlighting certain aspects of the independence and professionalism of the lawyer’s activity and their relationship with the moral principles that apply to the legal profession in general. It is concluded that moral principles are one of the foundations of ensuring the independent legal status of a lawyer, and a lawyer must proceed from the fact that all means and methods of lawyer activity must not only be legal, but must also meet the moral principles of society. Attention is drawn to the fact that the lawyer must, on the one hand, not forget the principle of prioritizing the client’s interests, and on the other hand, must proceed from the fact that the law and morality in his professional activity are higher than the will of his client.

To reveal the stipulated tasks, and therefore, to achieve the set goal, the author used methods that are characteristic of legal science (systemic-structural, formal-dogmatic, comparative-legal), as well as the dialectical method of learning legal reality.
Review of trends regarding artificial intelligence and its prospects for procedural decisions during criminal proceeding
Authors: Basysta I. V. , Udovenko Zh. V. , Kulynych M. - M. A.
Published: April 2024

Discussions on the advantages and risks of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields are among the most relevant today. It is evident that proponents and opponents of its implementation have existed, exist, and will continue to exist. However, it is undeniable that with each scientific and technological advancement, humanity has the opportunity to improve or worsen the quality of its existence. Therefore, it is crucial to establish rules for developers and users who must be aware of the existing threats posed by the use of a particular tool, despite or in defiance of these limitations. This overview aims to explore how various aspects of our lives, including the legal sphere, are changing due to the widespread availability and increasing accessibility of artificial intelligence (AI). It seeks to clarify the role of the state as a regulator and implementer of relevant functions, the rules developers and users must adhere to, the aspects of AI usage already accessible to the legal sector, and how AI can assist in decision-making during criminal proceedings (while still leaving the leading role in decision-making and choice of alternatives to humans). It also discusses the prospects ahead and the myths that need to be overcome for progress. Through analysis and synthesis, it has been observed that threats from harmful AI are present, especially when it is deployed not for socially beneficial or human-centric purposes. Regulation of the AI sphere is crucial in all its aspects, starting from ethical considerations and ensuring an anthropocentric approach to AI development and usage, and ending with cutting-edge developments, including AI applications in various fields, such as the creation of new product designs like confectionery. Despite potential risks and threats, the use of artificial intelligence can have advantages, but careful regulation of this area is necessary. It is also noted that regulating AI to the detriment of progressive development should be avoided. It is argued that in the legal and law enforcement sectors, AI assistance can bring many benefits, but its use must be accompanied by a full awareness of the axiom that “AI systems for justice and law enforcement are considered ‘high risks’.” Therefore, before actively applying AI, especially in this realm, it is essential to establish clear boundaries and rules, and importantly, accountability for any harm caused. Such sensitive aspects as the integrity of human privacy, respect for human rights, and the like should prevail in this mechanism.
The role of the UN institutional mechanism in ensuring ecological energy
Authors: Bilotsky S. D.
Published: April 2024

The UN occupies a key place in the system of international organizations, coordinating international cooperation on a wide range of issues of international life. Accordingly, it is not surprising that its role is also important in the regulation of ecological energy.

The ecological energy sector has become one of the relatively new spheres of international law development. It covers the aspects of renewable energy sources, alternative fuels, ecologically safe mechanisms of using fossil fuels that do not cause excessive damage to the environment.

Since the 1950s, the UN Economic and Social Council was the first to raise the issue of «new energy sources» in its documents, among which renewable sources were also distinguished. It also initiated the first scientific conference on RES.

Later, the General Assembly and the UN Security Council joined the process, the first of which initiated the annual holding of UN international conferences on renewable energy sources, and annually adopted resolutions to support RES in the world. In the future, by creating auxiliary bodies, they promoted ecological energy within the framework of sustainable development, such as the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development. The UN Security Council mainly considers energy issues in their connection with aspects of peace and security, for example, in the field of energy security, or bodies responsible for violations.

Specialized institutions of the UN system also take an active part in the implementation of the concept of ecologically oriented energy. Suffice it to mention that the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 authorized the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and ICAO to establish sectoral requirements for countering greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with their competence. For ten years, UNESCO acted as the head of the World Solar Program, contributing to the implementation of Kharar Declaration on Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of 1996.

FAO, as an organization dealing with issues of food and agriculture, has focused its attention on such a segment of renewable energy as the implementation of bioenergy programs. UNIDO focused on energy issues as the basis of sustainable industrial development. It prioritizes three aspects of energy: rural energy for production purposes with an emphasis on the use of RES, energy efficiency and climate change.

Accordingly, within the framework of the UN, a rather extensive system of bodies and organizations has been created, which are engaged in the implementation of the tasks of ecologically oriented energy. Unfortunately, all these bodies do not have the corresponding specialized competences; they solve these tasks only within the limits of their own competence. Also, currently there is no single body for coordinating the tasks of EOE within the framework of the UN system.
Legal regulation of combating child abduction in international family law
Authors: Kivalova T. S. , Bondaryuk O. O.
Published: April 2024

The obligation of states in accordance with the Convention on the Civil and Legal Aspects of International Child Abduction to carry out the immediate return of the child is not always effectively implemented due to the procedural defects of the Convention [1], which is confirmed by the practice of its application at the international level. Based on the analysis of the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights, some procedural gaps of the Hague Convention of 1980 [4] are investigated and ways to solve them are proposed. Today, in the conditions of war, solving the issue of child abduction is an urgent necessity not only in Ukraine, but in many European countries. Every year, the statistics of child abduction crimes are increasing in all countries of the world. The issue of non-implementation of foreign court decisions by countries is one of the biggest problems today. In order to fulfill the obligations imposed by the Convention of 1980, the states are obliged to create competent bodies and adopt legislation corresponding to the norms of the Convention. Actualization of children’s rights in the modern world is becoming one of the key tasks of every country. Application of international documents regulating procedural issues of cross-border child abduction in the countries of the European Union as an example for other countries. Regulation of the situation that provoked the international abduction of children also by the norms of international procedural law as an additional set of measures aimed at the fastest return of the child to his usual life, a simplified and shortened procedure for obtaining the status quo. There is an exclusive opinion in the world that in the absence of crimes related to the abduction or trafficking of children, relations regarding the return of children should be regulated only at the international level by concluding international treaties.
Features of the process of evidence in criminal procedure of the United States of America
Authors: Bespalko I. L. , Vapniarchuk V. V.
Published: April 2024

Recent years have been marked by a great growth of comparative legal research in various branches of legal science, which are gaining a growing number of supporters. The given process makes it possible to show the originality of certain branches of law, their institutions, norms in different legal systems, to compare the data of a specific branch of law with similar branches in other legal systems, and to reveal national differences. The practical significance of the given activity lies in the study and generalization of both positive and negative legal experience of foreign countries. In today’s transparent world, with the growing importance of the international component in the fight against crime, a legal expert needs knowledge that goes beyond the national legal field for a reason, with the purpose of its proper use in the process of international cooperation in criminal proceedings between states in particular.

Nowadays there is the process of convergence of various criminal procedural systems of the world. And in this regard, the Anglo-American system of the criminal procedure, the United States of America (hereinafter the USA) in particular, is quite interesting. The given system has distinctive features that are different from the national system and deserve attention. They are the sources of the US criminal procedural law which include judicial precedent, regulations and legal doctrine. The peculiarity of the given system is that it is based on adversarial proceedings and justice, it generates phenomena of the criminal procedure, namely the plea agreement, the jury trial, the concept of restorative justice, the discretionary powers of persons conducting criminal proceedings, etc. Yet another characteristic feature of the Anglo-American system of the US criminal procedure is the specifics of the implementation of evidentiary criminal procedural activity.

The focus of the given article is on the study of the specificity of evidentiary activity, such as questions related to: the concept, classification, sources and properties of evidence in the criminal procedure of the United States of America, the peculiarities of the process of evidence at certain stages of the procedure, the legal position of certain subjects of evidence. The materials of the article are of both theoretical and practical value. They can be used for further scientific research on the peculiarities of national criminal procedural evidence, as well as for the proper understanding and implementation of its law enforcement criminal procedural activity.
Social morality and the law
Authors: Vovk V. M. , Nalutsyshyn V. M.
Published: April 2024

The article is dedicated to the study of the interaction of norms and values of social morality and law as normative and regulatory mechanisms since their requirements are understandable for representatives of a particular society. It is shown that social morality and law are entrusted with the performance of a common function – the stabilization of social relations, which they perform by various means. It is noted that in modern times, the relationship between morality and law is represented by two trends: the stability of society can be ensured by 1) legal registration of norms and values of social morality and 2) legal protection of norms and values of social morality. The place and role of social morality in the cultural code of society are revealed. The question of the formation of morality and law in the early modern cultural and historical period is highlighted. It is proved that the formation of the modern theory of positive law and basic ethical theories (particularly, the theory of social morality) goes back to early modern times. Changes in social life in the sphere of science, production, trade, and religion, and the formation of the bourgeoisie as a class influenced the formation of the basic norms and values of social morality in the specified cultural and historical period. It is proved that within the boundaries of early modern everyday life, the formation of a new type of social morality took place. Lexical and terminological searches in the ethical sphere are characteristic of social science research of the specified period, and the formation of the modern concept of “morality” took place. Attention is focused on the fact that the modern understanding of law is derived from its modernist interpretation (law is recognized as a contract, law is the sphere of secular human activity, law is autonomous from morality and religion (the latter are relegated to the sub-legal domain), recognition of the priority of law-making and law-making activity of the state, the state is given special legal personality). The article considers morality and rights through their rationality and artificiality within the mechanistic picture of the world. Considerable attention is paid in the article to the peculiarities of the formation of individualism as a mental trait of a European and its influence on the formation of law and morality in the new era.
The right to health care in the system of social human rights
Authors: Kaduha I. V.
Published: April 2024

In the current academic literature, the right to health is considered in the context of a wide range of disciplines, including medical law, international law and social sciences. An important step in the formation of the legal framework for the right to health was the adoption of the WHO Constitution in 1946, which proclaimed that «the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental right of every human being». This declaration became the basis for the further development of international health standards, including the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which in Article 12 recognises the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.

Research and scholarship on the right to health covers various aspects of this issue, including analyses of national health systems, examination of international standards and their impact on national legislation, and development of recommendations to ensure equal access to health services. Despite the significant achievements in the development of international norms and standards, there are challenges related to their implementation at the national level, including the need to adapt national legislative and institutional frameworks to international obligations.

Ukraine, like many other countries, is striving to meet international standards in the field of the right to health, while facing a number of challenges that require a comprehensive approach to reforming the national healthcare system. Scientific research plays an important role in this process, helping to identify gaps in legislation and practice, as well as to develop sound recommendations for their elimination.

Given these aspects, this article aims not only to analyse the theoretical foundations of the right to healthcare, but also to highlight the practical steps and challenges that Ukraine faces on the way to its full implementation.
Legislative regulation of criminal liability of judges for passing an unjust or illegal judgement
Authors: Bohdanevych T. , Bzova L.
Published: April 2024

The article provides an analysis of the legislative regulation of criminal prosecution of judges for making a deliberately unlawful decision or in violation of procedural law. International standards on of criminal liability of judges and judicial immunity, as well as judicial decision, and generalized approaches of legislators of other states to criminalization of rendering an unjust, illegal and/or unreasonable or biased judgement, and for comparison and other acts related to the performance of judicial duties. The article examines the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine regarding the legality and validity of a court decision. A court decision is based on the principles of the rule of law, it must be made by a court in accordance with the substantive law and in compliance with the procedural law, and must meet the objectives of the relevant legal proceedings, but if it is made on the basis of insufficiently and comprehensively clarified circumstances, then it is an unreasonable court decision that is not deliberately unjust.

The study was also based on the case law of national and international courts. The issue of interpretation of “criminal liability” was based on the study of the practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. Compliance with the procedural procedure for bringing judges to criminal liability contributes to the observance of guarantees of their inviolability and independence, plays an important role in the resolution of criminal proceedings on the merits and is a prerequisite for observance of the general principles of criminal proceedings and the delivery of a lawful, reasoned and motivated court decision.

The article highlights that the concepts of “injustice”, “illegality” and “unreasonableness” are not synonymous and have different procedural content.
The right to freedom of movement during a wartime
Authors: Malesh P. V.
Published: April 2024

The right to freedom of movement is a fundamental human right, which is accepted as the ability of everyone to move and freely choose their place of residence, freely leave any country, including their own. In the conditions of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, there is a need to reconsider the permanent approaches to understanding the essence of this right and its key aspects.

It was determined that the consequences of the full-scale invasion became a trigger for one of the most massive migration flows from Ukraine to other states, in particular to the countries of the European Union. This has caused a certain easing in the aspect of the procedure for traveling abroad and has permitted people to leave Ukraine without documents for traveling abroad.

It is justified that the right to freedom of movement is not absolute and, accordingly, may be subject to restrictions, which, nevertheless, must meet the requirements of legality, proportionality of such restrictions, and the legitimacy of their purpose. Thus, freedom of movement may be restricted, in particular, in territories where a state of war or emergency has been imposed, as well as in temporarily occupied territories. It was established that in order to prevent the violation of the right to freedom of movement, a number of measures are taken, including, in particular, the inspection of regulatory legal acts for the presence of corruption risks, which is carried out by the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption.

It has been analyzed that possible violations of the right to freedom of movement, in particular cases of forced relocation of Ukrainian citizens to the territory of the aggressor state, may constitute crimes punishable by the International Criminal Court. It was determined that there is a need to reclassify such acts from a crime against humanity to a crime of genocide in view of the focus of the aggressor state on the concrete and intentional destruction of the Ukrainian national group.
International legal protection of the environment from criminal acts during armed conflicts
Authors: Dmitriyev Yu. Ye.
Published: April 2024

The article is dedicated to revealing the state of legal provision for the international legal protection of the environment from criminal acts during armed conflicts. Attention is drawn to the fact that international legal obligations of states regarding environmental protection during armed conflict are only contained in a few environmental treaties, but simultaneously in special agreements that are applicable in the presence of armed conflict and are sources of international humanitarian law. It is noted that from the general principles of the impact of war on international treaties, it follows that the termination of an international treaty at the onset of war is an exception to the rules, not a mandatory act. According to Articles 61 and 62 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969 regarding impossibility of performance and fundamental change of circumstances, it is established that war is not a basis for the automatic termination of treaty obligations, including environmental ones, by the parties to the conflict who have become parties in peacetime, which is also stated in the Draft Articles on the Impact of Armed Conflicts on Treaties of 2011 prepared by the UN International Law Commission, which includes a reference to a provisional list of treaties whose subject matter implies that they continue to apply during armed conflict, among them – treaties on international environmental protection.

The standpoint regarding the necessity of developing a codified international instrument, which would consolidate the currently disparate provisions for regulating environmental protection issues in conditions of armed conflict, compensation for damage caused, etc., as a source of international environmental law, is supported. It would also address existing problems in legal application, such as the narrow and imprecise definition of the threshold level criteria required to prove environmental damage during armed conflict.
Sumbanese’s Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK): Warung Hupu Liku Ritual and Ecological Ethics
Authors: Wohangara Retang , Sanjaya Ridwan , Setiyanto Benny D.
Published: April 2024

Traditional communities have long been recognized as actors practicing nature-friendly behaviors. They are commonly deemed the champion of sustainable lifestyles. Since the 1980s, there has been a call to learn the so-called Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) embraced by traditional communities. One of the reasons is that the issues of climate crises should be addressed and tackled from various corners. This article attempts to delineate a TEK, an ecological ritual practiced by the traditional community living on the island of Sumba. The ritual, called WHL (warung hupu liku, which means giving the rope tips back [to nature]), could give us an idea of how the community perceives their relationship with natural surroundings, which in turn, exposes their ecological ethics. Primary research data were collected through interviews with four experts of Sumbanese culture/environmental activists and two ritual speakers (wunang). The research reveals that WHL ritual portrays the Sumbanese’s worldview of the human-nature relationship. WHL gives an idea of the Sumbanese ecological ethics, covering reciprocity with nature, mutual respect, modesty in consumption, and sustainable use of natural resources. Because Indonesia is rich in TEK, this time-enduring knowledge and practice should be exposed as a valuable contribution to ecological discourses and policies. The discussion on Sumbanese WHL suggests that traditional and modern approaches could work in tandem to address current environmental issues.