bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forensic Engineering Issues In Glare And Visibility Studies
Authors: Aleksander Adam K.
Published: August 2021

Forensic Engineering Evaluation Of Visibility Related Issues In The Night Driving Environment Requires The Understanding Of A Range Of Phenomena, Including The Human Visual System, The Nature Of Light, The Measurement Of Light, And The Limitations Of Human Perception. This Short Paper Outlines The Pertinent Topical Areas, And Is Intended To Supplement A More Detailed Discussion Presented At The Nafe Meeting In January 2005 In San Diego. Although Many Important Vision Concepts Are Omitted, The Forensic Engineer Will Gain An Appreciation Of The Fundamental Issues. Results Of Visibility Tests On Some Common Items Are Presented To Guide The Reader, And To Correlate With Other Data They May Encounter In Their Individual Practice. Three Cases Are Discussed, Which Include The Elements Of Night Driving, Glare, Conspicuity, Contrast, And Human Perception And Reaction.
Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Medical Device Accidents
Authors: Bruley Mark
Published: August 2021

The Approach To Forensic Investigation Of A Medical Device Related Accident Differs From That For Consumer Products, Industrial Equipment, And Vehicles. Techniques For Investigating And Providing Case Assistance Related To Suspected Medical Device Incidents Are Presented, Including Essential Elements Of The Investigation, Investigative Techniques, And Information Resources On Device Failures And Standards. User Error Versus Design Defect Is Discussed, Along With The Causes Of Medical Device-Related Incident And The Mechanisms By Which They Cause Injury And Death. Since A Patient Is A Variable Biological System, It Must Also Be Considered That The Alleged Cause Of The Incident Was Not Attributable To The Medical Device.
Forensic Engineering - Review Of Causation Of Multiple Accidents At A Railroad Grade Crossing
Authors: Hintersteiner Robert T.
Published: August 2021

This Paper Will Describe A Situation At A Specific Highway Railroad Grade Crossing Which Has Existed For Over 25 Years, During Which Time There Have Been Twelve Recorded Accidents. Three Governmental Jurisdictions Have Claimed That These Accidents Were Not Their Responsibility, And They Concluded That Nothing Could Be Done To Improve The Safety Of The Intersection. Three Of These Twelve Accidents Will Serve As Examples To Illustrate The Problems That Arose At This Highway Grade Crossing, Along With The Resulting Governmental Finger Pointing, Which Left The Public Facing A Hazardous And Unsafe Situation.
Forensic Engineering Investigation Of Hunting Stand Failures
Authors: Ford William H.
Published: August 2021

In Their Efforts To Increase Their Chances For A Successful Hunt, Hunters Often Employ Various Devices To Elevate Themselves Above The Ground. The Devices Are Usually Called Tree Stands Or Hunting Stands And Come In Various Forms. As Is The Case Whenever One Is Elevated, There Is A Chance That A Fall Can Occur. Occasionally This Is Due To Some Fault Of The Design And/Or Manufacture Of The Device. This Paper Will Explore The Various Types Of Hunting Stands And Some Of The Failures That Can Occur. It Is Understood That Safe Use Of A Hunting Stand Would Include Some Sort Of Fall Restraint Device. This Subject Is Deserving Of Separate Attention And Will Not Be Addressed In Detail Here.
Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Trailer Sway Accidents
Authors: Ezra Mark A.M. , Danel J. Landiss
Published: August 2021

This Paper Describes A Method For The Reduction Of System Response Data For Second Order Electrical Or Mechanical Systems When That Data Is Available Only In Graphical Format. The Method Of Data Reduction Described Allows Quantitative Evaluation Of Generally Accepted Second Order System Parameters Such As: System Time Constant, Damped Natural Frequency, Damping Ratio, And Exponential Decay Time. The Discussion Includes The Application Of The Described Graphical Technique To Experimental System Response Data Of Coupled Systems, But Whose Experimental Response Approximates That Of An Isolated Second Order System. A Practical Application Of The Described Data Reduction Method Is Covered In Detail. The Described Technique Is Applied To The Analysis Of Data Obtained Experimentally For The Response Of A Tow Vehicle And Trailer System To A Standardized Steering Disturbance. Finally, The Statistical Validation For Experimental System Response Data And The Results Obtained From The Analysis Of Such Data, Using The Described Graphical Method, Is Discussed.
Forensic Engineering Investigation Of Fire And Explosion Scenarios In A Power Plant
Authors: Charles Juan F.
Published: August 2021

This Paper Addresses The Integration Of Multidisciplinary Tasks Of Forensic Engineering Investigation, Analysis, And Conclusions In The Complex Scenarios Of An Electrical Power Plant That Was Completely Burned Up. The Scenarios That Resulted From A Fire Or Explosion Could Be Simple Or Complex, Depending On The Magnitude Of The Damage And The Physical Condition Of The Remaining Debris. The Results Of Our Investigation Show That Many Variables And Subsystems Are Interrelated And Cannot Be Isolated As A Simple Cause Of The Occurrence. It Is Very Difficult To Come To A Final Conclusion Without Taking Into Consideration All Variables And Subsystems Of All The Scenarios. In This Paper The Author Intends To Explain How The Forensic Engineer Can Determine Credible Technical Conclusions Based On The Utilization Of The Most Reliable Analytical And Methodological Tools, Such As Fault Tree Analysis And Pareto Analysis, In Combination With Failure Modes And Effects Analysis (Fmea).
Forensic Engineering Analysis Of A (Fatal) Accident Involving A Motor Home
Authors: Jacobson Olof H. , Guy J. Barbera
Published: August 2021

An Accident Involving A Motor Home With A Slide Out Room Was Investigated By The Authors. A Two Year Old Child Was Caught In A Pinch Point As The Slide Out Room Was Being Retracted. The Child Was Fatally Injured. The Design Of The Motor Home And The Actions Of The Parties Involved Were Analyzed. The Engineering Analysis Considered Mechanical Engineering Design Regarding Pinch Points, According To The Hierarchy Of Proper Engineering Design. Specifically, When A Hazard Is Identified In The Design Of A Mechanical Device Which Is Available To The Public, The Design Engineers Options Are 1) Modify The Design To Eliminate The Hazard Or Reduce The Danger To An Acceptable Level, 2) Design Guards To Isolate The Hazard, 3) Provide Effective Warnings, 4) Educate And Train Users To Be Aware Of The Hazard And Follow Safe Procedures To Avoid Injury, And 5) Provide Personal Protection Equipment To Be Used In Conjunction With The Product. In Iowa, Where The Case Was Filed, The Courts Require A Reasonable Alternative Design Be Identified Using Technology Available At The Time Of Manufacture Which Would Have Made The Product Safe.
A Forensic Engineering Investigation Of a Ladder Failure
Authors: Petrucci Nicholas A.
Published: August 2021

A Worker (Plaintiff) Fell From A Step-Ladder And Was Injured. The Purpose Of The Forensic Engineering Investigation Was To Determine The Cause(S) Of The Incident, And In Particular, If The Incident Was Caused By A Ladder Defect. The Incident Ladder And A Representative Incident Scene Were Inspected. Various Discovery Documents And The Applicable American National Standards Institute (Ansi) Standard Were Reviewed. A Critique From The Opposing (Defendant) Expert Is Presented And Addressed. The Cause Of The Plaintiff Fall From The Ladder Was Determined To Be Its Sudden Instability Due To The Failure Of A Rivet That Secured The Top Cap To The Left-Front Rail. The Failed Rivet Was Not Recovered. Further Analysis Indicated That The Cause Of The Rivet Failure Was Its Defective Design Coupled With Its Reduction In Shear Load Capacity From Normal And Improper Use Of The Ladder. The Determination Of The Defective Design Of The Rivet Was Confirmed By Subsequent Design Improvements Of The Ladder. The Relevance Of The Analysis Performed Is Discussed. Various Noteworthy Points Are Presented For Consideration For Forensic Engineers Of Various Technical Disciplines.
Forensic Engineering Investigation Of a Fall From A Construction Machine
Authors: Leffler John P. , Erich Schlender
Published: August 2021

Each Construction Machine Design Presents Unique Challenges For Mounting And Dismounting Byorkers. A Forensic Case Involved A Worker Fall From Around The Turret Platform Of A New Digger Derrickruck, Parked On Level Concrete. The Case Involved Analysis Of Osha, Ansi, Fmvss, Sae, And Isotandards, And Their Scopes, Relevance And Interpretations. The Analysis Also Focused On Operator Instructions,He Design And Fabrication Of The Access Systems, The Worker Proportions, Feasible Competitoresigns, And Feasible Fabrication Options For The Subject Digger Derrick.
System Safety Methods As Applied to Forensic Engineering
Authors: Johnson Frank H.
Published: August 2021

For those of you who are practicing forensic engineers, you are well aware that forensic engineering is a very demanding and exacting field. You also know that the subject areas in which a forensic engineer can become involved are of great variety. Many times a forensic engineer must address issues of safety with respect to a particular project. Most engineers are not specifically trained in the field of safety and usually rely on years of experience and background, as well as self-study into the field of safety. Even less is the number of engineers who are also trained in the field of system safety. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the subject of system safety to the field of forensic engineering and encourage you, as forensic engineers, to study system safety as an additional tool to use in the future.
Small Firm Forensic Engineering Practice and Expert Testimony in Construction Cases
Authors: Heyer Edwin F.
Published: August 2021

A. Qualifications: B. Commitment: C. Pros: D. Cons: E. Your Position As An Expert: 2. Clients and Client Development: 3. Fees: 4. Reports and Pre-Testimony Preparation: 5. Depositions: 6. Pre-Trial: 7. Trial Testimony:
Storage Battery Explosions: Heating and Jarring
Authors: Dixon Harry S.
Published: August 2021

A previous paper entitled Storage Battery Explosions: Hydrogen or BLEVE.? showed that contrary to popular belief storage battery explosions concurrent with or following a high rate of discharge were BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) explosions rather than hydrogen. The bases of that paper were the explosions of two batteries. Because of low liquid in a cell there had been excessive localized heating, actually superheating, between the plates. However, other than the explosion resulting from alleged superheating there was no other indication nor evidence of heating. This paper describes a BLEVE explosion that resulted simply from jarring after the overheating of the battery which had been subjected to high current drain in attempting to start the automobile. It is referred to as the Salaam case.
Have Computer - Will Testify
Authors: Bleyl Robert L.
Published: August 2021

Whenever an expert witness uses the results of computer analyses as the basis for an expert opinion, that individual should be able to derive the formulas and duplicate the computer-produced results manually. In any questionable case, it may be wise to have the expert demonstrate this capability, especially at the discovery or deposition stage of his involvement, since a considerable length of time may be required in demonstrating this capability. If the expert is successful at this task, he probably has an adequate understanding of the notation, the assumptions, and the relevance of the variables used in the calculations and formulas and is less likely to go astray than the expert who lacks this capability. In my opinion, unless expert witnesses can demonstrate this capability, they are really no more experts in the subject than any high school student who is able to mathematically solve an equation or enter data into a computer program, but has no depth of knowledge about th
Hazards of Single Risers
Authors: Fitzgerald John E.
Published: August 2021

During many court appearances, the author has offered the opinion that a single riser is inherently hazardous. This opinion is based on ten years of safety engineering experience, and twenty-five years of forensic engineering experience in private practice. During the last twenty-five years we have investigated some 500 accidents of this type while simply operating out of our own niche in the State of Connecticut. These assignments have resulted in personal injury, and there are probably ten-fold more which have occurred without personal injury and are unknown. The single riser is a serious problem deserving of special attention.
Forensic Engineer Business Development
Authors: Pritzker Paul E.
Published: August 2021

Marketing, I suspect, may be a euphemism for business development. I submit, some forensic engineers consider marketing to be an anathema to professional engineering performance. Professional education places priority on the nuances of the technical discipline under study. Given the compression of time to design/ analyze an engineering problem, it is no wonder that there is a void in the process that brings work in the front door. Clients deserve and, if they are at all sophisticated, will insist on retaining, an organization that will be available to serve them down the road when cases are adjudicated. My late father was fond of a particular homily
Power Plant Coal Handling System Litigation
Authors: Yu A. Tobey
Published: August 2021

Uninterrupted electric power in a coal-fired generating plant depends on a reliable coal handling system. Coal is normally delivered to the plant by ship, barge, or railcar and stored before it is used. The stored coal serves as a buffer to guard against any potential interruption caused by transportation delays or other contingencies. From the storage yard, coal is reclaimed and conveyed to the bunkers to feed the boilers.
ATV Characteristics Affecting Accidents
Authors: Burleson Michael A.
Published: August 2021

Since 1982, at least 1,400 men, women and children have been fatally injured while operating all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Additionally, according to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 450,000 individuals have been injured as a result of ATV accidents. Of these deaths and injuries, approximately 40% were to children under the age of 16. The purpose of this paper is to examine the predominate ATV characteristics that are commonly related to ATV accidents.
Investigation of Multiple Building Collapses
Authors: Zickel Lewis L.
Published: August 2021

A large restoration project under construction in a Midwestern city suffered a total collapse of one of its sixteen buildings. Two weeks later a local television station was filming a follow-up story of the event when a second collapse occurred, right in front of the camera. The architect of record called the author after the second event and requested immediate assistance. A few hours prior to the authors arrival, a third , collapse occurred. No injuries or deaths resulted from any of the collapses.
Insulating Devices for Cranes - Test Results
Authors: Morgan J. Derald
Published: August 2021

Two types of devices for cranes, the boom cage (guard) and the insulated link, depend on an insulation system for their operation. In order to properly evaluate the potential usefulness of such devices for personnel protection, their insulation systems must be carefully tested for effectiveness, dependability, and reliability over the life of the device and in the environment of expected use. The boom cage (guard) is suggested as protection from accidental contact of the boom of a crane when working alongside, over, or under high-voltage power lines. The insulated link is suggested as protection to hook tender and riggers by limiting current flow if the crane contacts the power line.
Elevator and Escalator Failure Investigations
Authors: Krause Delvin L.
Published: August 2021

The investigation of an elevator / escalator failure has two goals. Obviously, the primary concern of the investigator is to determine the cause of the injury producing situation. In addition to the gathering and preservation of information and data in one of these investigations, it is also important to consider the preservation of the investigator. By this I mean, the investigation of an operating elevator and/or escalator can be, in itself, a dangerous undertaking. In the case of an elevator accident, as in many industrial accidents, the offending device is still in the same location it was at the time of the accident. In order to investigate or inspect an elevator, it is necessary to enter the dragons lair. It may be necessary to climb around on the top of, or underneath an elevator car, move around in the hoistway pit, or hang perilously in space while taking measurements, photographs, or watching the operation of devices. If you have a fear of heights, then elevator ins
Forensic engineering Laboratory Preparation for Litigation
Authors: Johnson John E.
Published: August 2021

As forensic experts, we can come up with many reasons why or how a given event happened or didnt happen. Good reasons are sometimes used when they seem reasonable and support the hypothesis of the expert. However, they may lead to erroneous conclusions if insufficient investigation has been done. Real reasons, on the other hand, may be far more difficult to come up with and may require much more detailed investigation and, sometimes, may completely change previously held viewpoints or opinions. It is our responsibility as forensic engineers to always seek out the real reasons in providing unbiased opinions.
An Overview of Heavy Trucks/Buses Braking Performance
Authors: Ziernicki Richard M.
Published: August 2021

The writer discusses the performance of heavy duty vehicles during emergency braking. The paper reviews statistical data related to the trucking accidents, and discusses brake performance, tires, and the stopping ability of heavy duty vehicles. Relationships between drag factor, coefficient of friction, vehicle speed, type of tire, road surface, brake design, and brake temperature are discussed. Some of the test results performed on heavy trucks are presented. The discussion is general in order to make the presentation useful both to practicing reconstruction specialists, and to attorneys.
History and Practices of Machine Guarding
Authors: Moskowitz Lester R.
Published: August 2021

While the title of this paper is The History and Practices of Machine Guarding, any approach to this topic should be broader than the title indicates. First, this paper deals not with just machine guarding but with SAFEguarding. This may seem to be a matter of semantics but in reality, it represents an approach or attitude that is broader than just guarding. For example, the two button/two hand trip control that is now used on punch presses (stamping presses) is not really a guard, but a safeguard. Secondly, this paper is not intended to apply only to machines but to any and all aspects of eliminating or minimizing hazards that may result from any and all physical circumstances where people come into contact with their environment, in daily living and especially in performing their necessary work. This includes everything from hand tools to home appliances, to stairway construction, to production machinery, to space shuttles.
Superhigh Direct Current Switching Failure
Authors: Tims Eugene F.
Published: August 2021

A technician was injured by steam and boiling water when the cooling jacket exploded on a shorting switch. The shorting switch was being used to make 130,000 amps d.c. bypass an electrochemical cell so the cell could be removed from the production line for repairs. Prior problems had resulted in a cold soldered joint in the connecting arm for the switch. Then when the current overheated the electrically weakened joint mechanical strain on the arm caused part of the cable to loosen rapidly increasing the heat and causing explosive failure of the water jacket.
Forensic Investigations of Crane Accidents
Authors: Alterman Philip J.
Published: August 2021

The following information has been acquired over the past 15 years assisting insurance adjusters and attorneys. Quite often we are asked to establish the scope of the loss, prepare an estimate of damages, express an opinion as to the cause of the accident and sometimes assist the insured in mitigating the loss. On occasion, we have provided personnel to monitor the repairs and review all expenditures. The various types of cases which are described herein were selected to reflect the variety of cranes, the different causes of accidents, the unusual problems encountered in performing our duties and proposed methods for eliminating loss of life and mitigating property damage. The causation of crane accidents can be classified in three general categories; (#I) Natural Calamity or Acts of God; (#2) Failure of the Equipment and (#3) Operator Error. An increased awareness of safety in the work environment can be enhanced by the examination of accidents, the identification of the hazard
The NSPE Code of Ethics Applied to Forensic Engineering
Authors: Dixon E. Joyce
Published: August 2021

When the NAFE was formed the NSPE Code of Ethics was adopted by the Academy as its code. Through the years questions have been raised as to whether or not the NSPE Code is applicable to the practice of forensic engineering or whether the NAFE should adopt and be guided by a more specific code for this specialized engineering practice. In a previous paper the author has touched upon certain aspects of the NSPE Code which on the surface might appear to be in conflict with the practice of forensic engineering, but when examined closely were seen to actually be compatible. Further on, this will be explored in greater depth.
The Forensic Engineer When Attacked by the Hired Gun
Authors: Green James M.
Published: August 2021

Much has been written regarding the problems associated with having to face an expert that has been retained by the other side who indulges in unethical behavior. Indeed, many of the techniques that an ethical engineer utilizes in presentation of his opinion are based on exposing opinions that are fabricated by the expert retained by the other side. Of course, an honest difference of opinion may result between two qualified and honest experts. The differences may run the gambit from design methodology to human factors expected in certain forensic reconstruction activities. These differences are what makes the practice of forensic engineering so challenging and rewarding. For example, it is possible for two members of the NAFE be on different sides of an issue and both be convinced that their view is correct. This can be true if the forensic engineers are in some really gray areas of their specialty
Forensic Engineering Practice Before the Federal Communications Commission
Authors: Williams D. C.
Published: August 2021

Although licensed and regulated by the Federal Communications Commission, most telecommunication facilities in the United States are privately owned. In cases where competing interests vie for mutually exclusive facilities, the FCC is empowered to conduct administrative hearings to determine which of several applicants proposals will best serve the public interest, convenience, and necessity and will therefore be granted. Engineers practicing before the Commission are often called upon to provide expert testimony and analysis of pending technical matters during the Commissions administrative proceedings. This specialized area of FE practice and its distinguishing aspects will be discussed and illustrated using an actual case as an example.
REPRESENTASI SEJARAH, BUDAYA, DAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT JAWA BARAT DALAM NOVEL HINOMARU : KAJIAN NEW HISTORICISM
Authors: YULIANTI YULIANTI
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merepresentasikan (1) peristiwa sejarah, (2) budaya, dan (3) ekonomi dalam novel Hinomaru karya Iis W. Kartadinata. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil kajian meliputi: (1) representasi sejarah Indonesia dalam novel Hinomaru karya Iis W. Kartadinata digambarkan dalam kewajiban masyarakat pribumi menghormati Dewi Amaterasu dan Kaisar Jepang, mundurnya Belanda oleh Jepang pada tanggal 8 Maret 1942, dan adanya eksploitasi seksual terhadap perempuan-perempuan Sunda oleh tentara Jepang; (2) representasi budaya dalam novel Hinomaru terlihat dari penggunaan partikel, kata-kata, panggilan, kiasan, tembang, pantun, dan permainan tradisional Sunda; dan (3) representasi ekonomi dalam novel Hinomaru mengenai jenis pekerjaan sebagian besar penduduk, kemiskinan, dan kelaparan yang diderita karena adanya kewajiban membayar pajak terhadap penjajah.
THE POLITICAL VERSUS THE STATE? THE RELEVANCE
OF CARL SCHMITT’S CONCEPT OF THE POLITICAL
Authors: Cipek Tihomir
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The aim of the article is to examine the relationship between the state, democracy and the Carl
Schimitt’s concept of the political. That is going to be
done by reconstructing the concepts of Schmitt’s political theory and finding out whether they can be used
to explain the ideology of the new right-wing populism
and illiberal democracy. As it turns out, the Schmitt’s
reduction of the political to the friend/enemy antagonism makes the core of the illiberal democracies’ ruling
narrative. The Schimtt’s understanding of the political doesn’t defend the state as a political space but by
cancelling of the liberal elements of democracy ruins
the state institutions. The analysis shows that Schmitt’s
notion of the political cannot be used to build effective
democratic state institutions. Namely, in his definition
of the political, politics actually exists only on the outwards, towards some other nation, some other political
unity, but not within the state itself.
Keywords: state, the political, Carl Schmitt, illiberal
democracy
EMOCIJE IN AFEKT V POLITIČNEM DISKURZU
Authors: Šadl Zdenka
Published: August 2021

Povzetek. V članku se ukvarjamo s sodobno obliko emocionalne politične komunikacije, posebej nas zanima
populizem kot oblika politike, ki na ljudi apelira primarno na emocionalni ravni. Opozorimo na problematičnost emocionalizacije populističnih diskurzov, ki
se kaže v legitimizaciji agresivne retorike, manipuliranju emocij, emotivizmu in ustvarjanju antagonističnih
kolektivov. Na podlagi kritične ocene, da razumevanje
političnosti emocij zahteva sistematično teoretizacijo emocij, se v zadnjem delu opremo na konceptualni
okvir avtorice Sare Ahmed, s pomočjo katerega prikažemo performativno vlogo emocij in njihovo »lepljivost«,
zlasti sovražnih emocij. Analiza pokaže, da teorija premikajočih se in »lepljivih« emocij ter afektov omogoča
boljše razumevanje vloge emocij v političnem diskurzu,
zlasti desnega populizma.
Ključni pojmi: politična komunikacija, politični diskurz, emocije, sovraštvo, populizem, Sara Ahmed
POPULARNA KULTURA IN REGRESIVNI POPULIZEM
Authors: Luthar Breda
Published: August 2021

Povzetek. Družbe se tako na individualni kot na kolektivni ravni nenehno presojajo skozi lastne elite. Medijski
diskurz »celebrifikacije« in vseprisotno lokalno kulturo
slavnežev razumem kot pomemben legitimacijski narativ in enega od ključnih prispevkov k postsocialističnemu neoliberalnemu konsenzu. Članek se ukvarja z
reprezentacijo Melanije Trump v slovenskih medijih in
na podlagi empiričnega materiala analizira prepletenost diskurza slavnih oseb v komercialni popularni kulturi z regresivnim populizmom. Analiza ugotavlja, da
zvezdništvo predstavlja pomembno diskurzivno prakso
legitimiranja obstoječih razrednih razmerij in redistribucije javnega bogastva v postsocializmu, ki ga je kot
del kulturnega repertoarja »protonacionalnega« sentimenta mogoče organizirati v podporo desničarskega
populizma.
Ključni pojmi: regresivni populizem, razred, postsocializem, slavnost, Melanija Trump
Intracrystalline melt migration in deformed olivine revealed by trace element compositions and polyphase solid inclusions
Authors: Basch Valentin , Drury Martyn R. , Plumper Oliver , Hellebrand Eric , Crispini Laura , Barou Fabrice , Godard Marguerite , Rampone Elisabetta
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Melt transport mechanisms have an important impact on the chemical
composition of the percolated host rock and the migrating melts. Melt
migration is usually assumed to occur at grain boundaries. However,
microstructural studies revealed the occurrence of polyphase inclusions
along dislocations, subgrain boundaries and microcracks in single mineral
grains. The inclusions are interpreted as crystallized melt pockets
suggesting that melts can migrate within deformed crystals. Intracrystalline
melt migration and diffusive re-equilibration can lead to significant mineral
trace element enrichments when associated with dissolution–precipitation
reactions. In this contribution, we study a body of replacive troctolites
associated with the Erro-Tobbio ophiolitic mantle peridotites (Ligurian
Alps, Italy). The replacive formation of the olivine-rich troctolite
involved extensive impregnation of a dunitic matrix, i.e. partial
dissolution of olivine and concomitant crystallization of interstitial
phases. The olivine matrix is characterized by two distinct olivine
textures: (i) coarse deformed olivine, representing relicts of the pre-existing
mantle dunite matrix (olivine1), and (ii) fine-grained undeformed olivine, a product
of the melt–rock interaction process (olivine2). Previous studies documented a
decoupling between olivine texture and trace element composition, namely
enriched trace element compositions in olivine1 rather than in
olivine2, as would be expected from the dissolution–precipitation process.
Notably, the trace element enrichments in deformed olivines are correlated
with the occurrence of elongated 10 µm size polyphase inclusions
(clinopyroxene, Ti-pargasite, chromite) preferentially oriented along
olivine crystallographic axes. These inclusions show irregular contacts and
have no crystallographic preferred orientation with the host olivine, and
the phases composing the inclusions show similar chemical compositions to
the vermicular phases formed at the grain boundaries during late-stage
reactive crystallization of the troctolite. This suggests that the
investigated inclusions did not form as exsolutions of the host olivine but
rather by input of metasomatic fluids percolating through the deformed
olivine grains during closure of the magmatic system. We infer that strongly
fractionated volatile-rich melts were incorporated in oriented
microfractures within olivine1 and led to the crystallization of the polyphase
inclusions. The presence of intracrystalline melt greatly enhanced diffusive
re-equilibration between the evolved melt and the percolated olivine1, in turn
acquiring the enriched character expected in neoformed olivine crystals.
Intracrystalline melt percolation can have strong geochemical implications
and can lead to efficient re-equilibration of percolated minerals and rocks.
Dynamics of salt intrusion in the Mekong Delta: results of field observations and integrated coastal–inland modelling
Authors: Eslami Sepehr , Hoekstra Piet , Kernkamp Herman W. J. , Nguyen Trung Nam , Do Duc Dung , Nguyen Nghia Hung , Tran Quang Tho , van Dam Arthur , Darby Stephen E. , Parsons Daniel R. , Vasilopoulos Grigorios , Braat Lisanne , van der Vegt Maarten
Published: August 2021

Abstract. On the list of challenges facing the world largest deltas, increased saline water intrusion (SWI) in the surface water system and its role
in jeopardizing freshwater supply are often ranked very high. Yet, detailed process-based studies of SWI at the whole delta scale are limited, and
the trends are regularly associated with global sea level rise. Here, using field measurements and a sophisticated 3D model that integrates the
riverine, rural, estuarine, and coastal dynamics within one numerical domain, we study SWI at the scale of the Mekong Delta in extensive
detail. While many studies downscale the SWI problem to a topic within an estuary, we show that the physical processes on the continental shelf,
such as monsoon-driven ocean surge, directly influence salinity dynamics within the delta. Typical values of 20–40 cm surge over the
continental shelf contribute to up to 10 km of further SWI. The delta's estuarine system is also more sensitive than many other systems to
variations of river discharge. Furthermore, spring–neap variability plays a key role in SWI in the delta. The estuarine variability from a
stratified to a mixed system between neap and spring tides develops 3D processes such as estuarine circulation and tidal straining that become the
main upstream salt transport mechanisms. The 3D nature of salinity dynamics, and the role of upstream and downstream processes, suggests that
compromising on dimension or extent of the numerical domain can limit the accuracy of predictions of SWI in the delta. The study also showcases the fact that
riverbed incision in response to anthropogenic sediment starvation in the last 2 decades has increased stratification and activated or magnified
3D salt transport subprocesses that amplify upstream salt transport. With all the external forces on the delta, namely climate change and an altered
hydrological regime by the upstream dams, due to deeper estuarine channels (driven by sand mining and upstream impoundments) compared to its near
past, the delta itself has become far more vulnerable to even mild natural events. This exemplifies the fundamental importance of preserving the
sediment budget and riverbed levels in protecting the world's deltas against SWI.
Producing virtual reality (VR) field trips – a concept for a sense-based and mindful geographic education
Authors: Mohring Katharina , Brendel Nina
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Virtual reality (VR) enables users to have an alternate reality experience. The virtual world surrounds users and can be perceived atmospherically. However, VR triggers human perception with far-reaching consequences. VR worlds are hardly questioned by the consumers. The effects of virtual experiences could have a lasting impact on learning or acting. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect on the use of VR in educational contexts. In our research and teaching project students produced VR field trips on topics of urban society–environment research. Based on the project findings we explain how we implement VR as a practice of sense-based and content-based acquirement of space and a (visual) practice of mediation. A key element is the critical reflection on the meaning of body and emotion. This can be a way to mindfulness – both in the context of teaching and in the context of the transformation of society–environment relations in general.
15 Direitos do Consumidor que você precisa saber
Authors: Habib Lantyer de Mello Victor
Published: August 2021

As relações de consumo estão presentes em nossa vida todo o tempo, desde quando vamos no cinema; no supermercado; no restaurante; quando assinamos algum serviço: seja de internet fixa e móvel, de revisão do carro, de streaming, de seguro do carro, ou bancário. O entendimento acerca dos nossos direitos é essencial para evitar problemas, e para impedir que sejamos enganados eventualmente. Ter pleno conhecimento deles é estar no controle de nossas ações, possibilitando uma maior autonomia.
Dördüncü Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Matematik Dersine Yönelik Tutumları İle Matematik Kaygı Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Murat
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between fourth grade students' attitudes towards mathematics and their mathematics anxiety levels. Relational screening model was used in the research. The study group of the research consists of 623 fourth grade students studying in primary schools in Edremit District of Van province in the 2019-2020 academic year. The research data were obtained by using the "Attitude Scale Short Form" adapted by Hacıömeroğlu (2014), the "Mathematics Anxiety Scale" developed by Bindak (2005), and the "Personal Information Form" prepared by the researcher. In the analysis of the data, the value obtained by using descriptive analysis, Parametric Difference Tests (independent groups t-test and ANOVA) and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient within the scope of correlation analysis was evaluated with a two-way hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level. As a result of the analyzes, it was seen that the attitudes of the fourth grade students towards the mathematics lesson were above the average, and the attitudes of the students towards the mathematics lesson did not differ according to gender and mother education level, but differed according to the education level of the father. In the study, it was also observed that there was a negative and significant relationship between students' attitudes towards mathematics and their mathematics anxiety levels. This relationship, which was determined as a result of the research, shows the existence of many common variables that affect the attitudes of fourth grade students towards mathematics and their mathematics anxiety levels.
Identifying the Register Demolishing Hierarchy in American Discourse through Transition Relevance Place: Brooklyn Nine-Nine
Authors: PEKÖZ Merve , SARAÇ DURGUN H. Sezgi
Published: August 2021

In discourse, Transition Relevance Place (TRP), which transpires when the speaker changes in turn-taking, indicates numerous issues about participants' relationships, intentions, and roles in that conversation. For example, silence has the power to signal various concerns, ranging from comfort to awkwardness. Overlapping might mean cooperation or challenge depending on the context. Besides, etiquette in a conversation is scrupulously observed in formal exchanges, and interrupting the speaker is considered a severe violation of etiquette in conversations. Interlocutors tend to obey the sequences of transition in conversations, and exceptions are functional as participants of a conversation perceive them as divergent from the expected flow. In this sense, TRP is rather observable in a register regarding the possible effects it might contribute to it. As an area of sociolinguistics, register defines language use proper to a particular function in a context. Therefore, this study will argue that in an American comedy sitcom, Brooklyn Nine-Nine, the interlocutors reconstruct the usual formal register by demolishing hierarchy through TRP.
Students’ Perceptions of Diversity in Higher Education: A Case from Turkey
Authors: Meriç İsmail , Emhan Abdurrahim , Çocuk Sezgin
Published: August 2021

Today, as student mobility in higher education is increasing, university environments are hosting more students with different races, cultures and backgrounds. Because the structure of universities is mostly designed in accordance with the culture of white students, white students are generally not very interested in the issues of differences and their general perception of differences is low. However, African-origin black students, who have had an experience of differences in a period of their lives, are more interested in issues related to differences and their general perception of the differences they experience in the campus environment is higher. The aim of this study is to reveal the challenges and opportunities arising from being in an international educational environment and to try to understand students' perceptions of differences. For this purpose, at an international university in Turkey, which has increasingly been the scene of differences, 192 students' perceptions related to differences were measured via questionnaires and the results were analyzed.
Uluslararası Ziyaretçilerin Gastronomi Davranışları ve Beklentileri: Aydın İli Örneği
Authors: Sezgin Emrah Köksal , Tanrısevdi Abdullah
Published: August 2021

This research includes findings and interpretations aiming to determine theoretical information on gastronomy tourism and international visitors’ gastronomy behaviors and expectations in terms of Aydın province model. The problem sentence of the research in which Aydın province’s gastronomic properties are aimed to be determined and the fulfillment level of the international visitors’ gastronomy behaviors and expectations are aimed to be measured accordingly has been determined as: “what is the fulfillment level of the international visitors’ gastronomy preferences and expectations within the scope of Aydın province gastronomic properties?”. Along with this general problem sentence, other sub-problems have been tried to be replied as well. The first stage of the research was completed with a questionnaire applied to tourists staying in Kuşadası in order to determine the preferences and expectations of the tourists who visited the region. At the second stage of the research, a semi-structured interview form was applied to the participants in order to determine Aydın province’s gastronomic properties from a qualitative point of view. At the third stage of the research, international food festival attendants were requested to make an assessment on the menu which reflects the gastronomic properties of Aydın province through the assessment form of the World Association of Chefs' Societies with the intention of assessment of the determined gastronomic properties of the province.
Effect iron chelated and potassium fertilization on growth and yield of wheat Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Mizel Mahdi S. , Albourky Ragheb H. A. , Almaghir Haider A.
Published: August 2021

A field experiment was carried in two locations (Nasr and Eslah) in Thi Qar province during winter season (2015 – 2016). the experience included study two factors which of three concentrations of iron chelated (0-50-100 mg L-1) spray on leaves before flowering period , and three levels of potassium fertilizer ( 0- 50-100 K2O kg h-1) The experiment was designed by using randomized complete blocks design with three replication (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that the iron chelated treatments had a significant effect on growth traits in both of Nasr and Eslah locations , the treatment of concentration of 100 mg/ L get higher values for growth traits plant height 88-85 cm and the number of tillers / plant 12-10 Tillers, area flag leaf 25.6-25.5 cm2 and yield grain 6.04-5.97 t / h in Nasr and Eslah, respectively, while potassium treatment had a significant effect on growth traits in both of locations, the treatment 100 kg K2O h -1 gave higher values for growth traits area flag leaf reached 28-27.1 cm2 and gave the highest values of the attributes of yield the components and yield grain 6.00-5.9 t / h in Nasr site and Eslah, respectively . The combination treatment (100 mg Fe with 100 kg K2O) gave the highest mean properties of the yield components, number of spikes, number of grains per spike, and grain yield compared to the control treatmentCorresponding author: E-mail(ragheb.hadi@yahoo.com) Al- Muthanna University All rights reserved
“Ao vencedor, as batatas”: critérios de classificação de periódicos no estrato A1 da base Qualis e dinâmicas de competição na área da Educação
Authors: Guilherme Alexandre Anselmo , Cheron Cibele , Brito Renato de Oliveira
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo observa os critérios de aferição da qualidade dos periódicos brasileiros segundo os parâmetros estabelecidos pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) nos documentos alusivos à Área 38 – Educação, do Conselho Técnico-Científico da Educação Superior e demais órgãos oficiais. Objetiva-se compreender a crescente importância da indexação e da utilização de indicadores bibliométricos para a classificação dos periódicos no estrato A1, ressaltando-se as disputas entre os atores do campo. As análises são teoricamente fundamentadas nas noções de campo e de capital científico de Pierre Bourdieu, ethos científico, imperativos e efeito Matheus, de Robert Merton e, ainda, de complexidade, monocultura e policultura, de Leonardo Boff. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de repensar práticas protecionistas que colocam em risco a existência do campo, substituindo-as pelo engajamento em um diálogo maior e interdisciplinar.
Service Evidence in Preferred Public Universities and Its Student Learning Motivations
Authors: Meta Arief  , Leni Yulianti  , Asep Kurniawan  , Yana Setiawan
Published: August 2021

Facilities and infrastructure, are the service evidence of a higher education institution.Through survey method from 375 students at the faculty of natural sciences at 3 preferred publicuniversities in a province, a distribution of instruments in the form of a Likert scale questionnairewas conducted and the results were processed using SEM. The results showed that almost 90%college student tend to give the best mark towards service evidence performance in their college.It means that the perspective of service evidence is aligned with the performance felt by the student.In terms of learning motivation descriptive analysis shows student learning motivation tends to bepositive, meaning the learning motivation of students from public universities is in high category.
Analysis of User Resistance Towards Adopting E-Office: A Case from A Governmental Organization
Authors: Pambudi Pandu Dwi Luhur
Published: August 2021

The advancement in information technology is accelerating, affecting many industries. Government entities are one of the industries that have been affected. They adopt information technology (IT) to replace disorganized traditional business processes. This study observes that the IT innovation adoption in an organization will lead to some resistance. We bring a case of IT adoption to replace one part of a manual business process (letter management system) into a digitalized system called E-office in one of Indonesia’s governmental organizations. The adoption of IT causes some resistance within the organization, which motivates us to identify resistances before and during the adoption. We interview a team who oversees handling E-office implementation and discovered two types of resistances in technology adoption: delaying resistances and opposition resistances. Meanwhile, there are two types of behavioral resistances: reluctant compliance resistance and misguided application resistance. This research further provides details on the approaches used by the organization to mitigate resistances before and during the adoption of the E-office project's implementation.
The Disaster Mitigation of Slow-Landslide Movement Induced By Rainfall Based on Ps-Insar Method
Authors: Bahti Farid Nur , Praptawati Atika
Published: August 2021

Disaster management is a big issue in the past few years. Talking about the disaster, an aspect that should be focussed on is mitigation. The development and the ability of Remote sensing technology have a significant impact on disaster management and significantly contribute to disaster mitigation, such as for the disaster monitoring system. The slow-landslide movement is rarely considered in disaster mitigation, even though the acceleration can increase time by time and will be more dangerous than usual. Therefore, the observation of the remote sensing technology is needed for disaster mitigation. PS-InSAR as a space-based observation method can observe the continuous movement on a site location. Thus, this study illustrates the slow-landslide movement mechanism based on remote sensing technology using the PS-InSAR method compared with rainfall data. In this study, the Sentinel-1 images and STAMPS/MTI by Hooper (2004) successfully detect the displacement rate of the Kalibawang Village, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with the maximum displacement rate -23 mm/year along the Line of Sight (LoS) of the satellite. The PS-InSAR result was also compared with the rainfall data, and shows a correlation of the movement during the rainfall season. Therefore, further mitigation is needed to reduce the risk of the disaster.