bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiwavelength-multiplexed phase-shifting incoherent color digital holography
Authors: Hara Takayuki , Tahara Tatsuki , Ichihashi Yasuyuki , Oi Ryutaro , Ito Tomoyoshi
Published: February 2020

We propose multiwavelength-multiplexed phase-shifting incoherent color digital holography. In this technique, a monochrome image sensor records wavelength-multiplexed, phase-shifted, and incoherent holograms, and a phase-shifting interferometry technique selectively extracts object waves at multiple wavelengths from the several recorded holograms. Spatially incoherent light that contains multiple wavelengths illuminates objects, and multiwavelength-incoherent object waves are simultaneously obtained without using any wavelength filters. Its effectiveness is experimentally demonstrated for transparent and reflective objects.
Diamond sodium guide star laser
Authors: Yang Xuezong , Kitzler Ondrej , Spence David J. , Bai Zhenxu , Feng Yan , Mildren Richard P.
Published: February 2020

Laser guide stars based on the mesospheric sodium layer are becoming increasingly important for applications that require correction of atmospheric scintillation effects. Despite several laser approaches being investigated to date, there remains great interest in developing lasers with the necessary power and spectral characteristics needed for brighter single or multiple guide stars. Here we propose and demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach based on a diamond Raman laser with intracavity Type I second-harmonic generation pumped using a 1018.4 nm fiber laser. A first demonstration with output power of 22 W at 589 nm was obtained at 18.6% efficiency from the laser diode. The laser operates in a single longitudinal mode (SLM) with a measured linewidth of less than 8.5 MHz. The SLM operation is a result of the strong mode competition arising from the combination of a spatial-hole-burning-free gain mechanism in the diamond and the role of sum frequency mixing in the harmonic crystal. Continuous tuning through the Na D line resonance is achieved by cavity length control, and broader tuning is obtained via the tuning of the pump wavelength. We show that the concept is well suited to achieve much higher power and for temporal formats of interest for advanced concepts such as time-gating and Larmor frequency enhancement.
Heterogeneous layered structures for improved terahertz generation
Authors: Bahr Charles B. , Green Natalie K. , Heki Larry K. , McMurray Emmalee , Tangen Isaac C. , Valdivia-Berroeta Gabriel A. , Jackson Erika W. , Michaelis David J. , Johnson Jeremy A.
Published: February 2020

One of the most effective ways of generating terahertz (THz) radiation involves the conversion of short-pulsed IR or visible laser light into THz pulses at significantly lower frequencies. This conversion can be accomplished using organic crystals with nonlinear optical crystal (NLO) properties for IR to THz conversion through optical rectification. Due to the high refractive indices of organic crystals, pump laser light as well as generated THz radiation is lost from reflections at crystal surfaces. Here we report a structure composed of a layered series of materials with intermediate refractive indices designed to reduce reflective losses and improve the THz generation from organic crystals. This structure increases the transmission coefficients for both infrared pump input and THz output. We combine simple theoretical calculations with experimental data to show that a structure composed of materials with intermediate refractive indices can be used to increase generated THz intensity by nearly 50%.
Intensity noise optimization of a mid-infrared frequency comb difference-frequency generation source
Authors: Silva de Oliveira Vinicius , Ruehl Axel , Masłowski Piotr , Hartl Ingmar
Published: February 2020

We experimentally demonstrate in a difference-frequency generation mid-infrared frequency comb source the effect of temporal overlap between pump and signal pulses on the relative intensity noise (RIN) of the idler pulse. When scanning the temporal delay between our 130 fs long signal and pump pulses, we observe a RIN minimum with a 3 dB width of 20 fs delay and a RIN increase of 20 dB in 40 fs delay at the edges of this minimum. We also demonstrate active long-term stabilization of the mid-infrared frequency comb source to the temporal overlap setting corresponding to the lowest RIN operation point by an online RIN detector and active feedback control of the pump–signal pulse delay. This active stabilization setup allows us to dramatically increase the signal-to-noise ratio of mid-infrared absorption spectra.
Change of the Subject Editor in Silva Fennica
Authors: Maltamo Matti
Published: February 2020

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Contabilidade de Custos: Um Estudo Bibliométrico em Revistas Científicas Brasileiras no período de 2013 a 2016 / Cost Accounting: A Bibliometric Study in Brazilian Scientific Magazines in the period from 2013 to 2016
Authors: Santos Gustavo Wadson Vieira dos , Lima Filho Raimundo Nonato , Silva Agnaldo Batista da
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo investigou a evolução e a produção acadêmica do tema contabilidade de custos nas publicações em periódicos brasileiros de contabilidade no período de 2013 a 2016, sob a perspectiva da bibliometria. A metodologia aplicada para responder a problemática proposta é a pesquisa descritiva que se preocupa em observar os fatos, registrá-los, analisá-los, classificá-los e interpretá-lossem a interferência do pesquisador sobre os fatos. A pesquisa bibliométrica busca analisar e verificar índices para a representação da informação e produção científica e seu objeto de estudo. A pesquisa foi realizada com base em 42 periódicos de contabilidade, onde foram encontrados 3.210 artigos da área de contabilidade e, destes, 209 artigos sobre custos, entre os quais se realizou a análise que ancorou a bibliometria. Dessa forma, foi possível detectar que houve uma evolução sobre o tema nos anos analisados. Entre os periódicos analisados o destaque ficou por conta da revista Custos e Agronegócio on line como a que mais publicou artigos sobre contabilidade de custos no período investigado. Constatou-se, também, que houve predominância de publicações com mais de um autor por artigo e umaparticipação maior dosautores do sexo masculinonas produções científicas. A maioria das revistas pesquisadas possui classificação B4. Este estudo permitiu descrever, de maneira ampla, o perfil das publicações e da evolução do tema, explorando aspectos sobre a temática com o escopo de nortear e, efetivamente, contribuir para o avanço e aperfeiçoamento dos paperssobre o tema Contabilidade de Custos. Contribui-se, aqui, para fortalecer na literatura acadêmica, e em especial para a estrutura intelectual empírica de estudos nacionais, a criação de conhecimento do tema Contabilidade de Custos, influenciando diretamente no crescimento do saber acadêmico da área de contabilidade.
O uso da Música nos Cuidados Paliativos
Authors: Aguilera Kevellyn Cruz , Mendes Isabelle Lima , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite
Published: February 2020

Os cuidados paliativos, associados à musicoterapia, pretendem aliviar e confortar os pacientes em final de vida. A terminalidade da vida configura-se como um período de adaptação e ressignificação de muitos conceitos prévios. Sendo assim, é necessário que haja um acompanhamento multidisciplinar desse enfermo enfocando nas suas necessidades apresentadas que podem ser físicas, espirituais ou psicossociais, oferecendo todo o suporte para a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo apontar o que é realizado dentro da musicoterapia nos cuidados paliativos e se é efetivo o uso para a terminalidade da vida. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática utilizando a base de dados e o Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Incluíram-se, nesta busca, os artigos publicados entre 2010 a 2019, empregando os descritores MeSH: “music therapy” e “palliative care” com o operador boleano “AND”. Dentre os 431 artigos, 14 preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. A maioria discursou sobre o bem-estar e alívio da dor com, principalmente, a prática receptiva da musicoterapia, tendo resultados positivos. O uso da música, como parte integrativa da terapia multidisciplinar dos cuidados paliativos, evidencia uma forma de conexão importante com a essência pessoal, ao passo que a pessoa que recorre à música tanto com o ato de cantar, como também escrever, tocar ou apenas ouvir, recorda, muitas vezes, memórias pregressas, reconectando o vínculo familiar e individual. Além disso, a musicoterapia ainda se alia ao estado de criatividade e arte, quando é avaliada a perspectiva de escrever suas próprias letras de músicas, e à capacidade de relaxamento e lazer, ao tocar instrumentos musicais ou escutar as músicas já gravadas, principalmente quando se correlaciona com sua cultura e sua preferência musical. Demonstrada a importância desse tema, por fim, é relevante que sejam feitos mais estudos relativos a essa temática com um maior rigor metodológico.
Conceitos de Tempo e Consciência Histórica na Perspectiva de Historicidade Humana / Concepts of Time and Historical Awareness in the Perspective of Human Historicity
Authors: Silva Fábia Janaína Marciel da , Souza Antoniele Silvana De Melo , Lima Edgar Nogueira , Goiana Ivaneide Severo
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo objetiva fazer uma reflexão teórico-metodológica, de forma sucinta, sobre alguns conceitos teóricos da História, dentre eles, o conceito de tempo, na visão de Koselleck, analisando sua ligação com o espaço, ampliando as formas de discussões e de suas transformações, relacionadas às complexas relações humanas e a percepção dos eventos ligados ao tempo e a História. Contempla também, uma reflexão sobre os regimes de historicidade, de Hartog, destacando seu conceito sobre o presentismo, verificado atualmente, através de mecanismos de percepção de uma aceleração temporal cotidiana sem precedentes, que não nos dá abertura para se projetar uma visão de futuro, devido às constantes mudanças políticas, sociais e culturais as quais nos submetemos diariamente. Traz ainda uma breve discussão a respeito da importância da consciência histórica, vista como necessária para uma melhor interpretação dos fatos que nos rodeiam, bem como para análise, ou mesmo, um despertar para a vinculação que existe entre o homem e suas ações no tempo. O ser humano, a partir dessa consciência histórica melhor observa e reflete sobre a vida e a interligação dela com os outros, com a rotina, com os acontecimentos, com a percepção do espaço em que vive porque adquire a maturidade de pensar sobre o mundo e o que está sua volta.
Feminismo e Análise do Comportamento: Contribuições de Maria R. Ruiz / Feminism and Behavior Analysis: Contributions by Maria R. Ruiz
Authors: Rosendo Alessandra Pinto , Nogueira Clarissa De Pontes Vieira
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho traz como tema central o Feminismo e a Análise do Comportamento e busca explanar qual a contribuição dos conceitos trazidos por Maria R. Ruiz dentro da Análise do Comportamento para a teoria feminista. Inicialmente traz os conceitos básicos da Análise do Comportamento e, logo após, descreve um breve histórico sobre o feminismo e suas fases, para por fim trazer a inter-relação feita pela estudiosa Ruiz sobre essas duas teorias, à luz do behaviorismo radical, que é a filosofia por trás da ciência do comportamento. Foi utilizada como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa conceitual. Esse tema é relevante pois atualmente as questões de gênero ainda precisam ser amplamente discutidas, nas mais diversas abordagens dentro da psicologia e âmbitos sociais no geral, já que ainda pouco se discute e se fala sobre o feminismo no meio acadêmico. Como contribuições da análise do comportamento para o feminismo trazidas por Maria R. Ruiz, destaca-se a compreensão das variáveis ambientais que mantém as práticas culturais machistas.
Ser Professor: Entre Desafios e Possibilidades de Atuação / Being a Teacher: Between Challenges and Possibilities of Performance
Authors: Silva Fábia Janaína Marciel da , Saraiva Aldenir De Araujo
Published: February 2020

Este artigo traz uma pequena análise das dificuldades verificadas no cotidiano do trabalho do professor, desde os contextos pessoais, como aqueles que podem ser analisadas nas práticas do processo educacional, mais especificamente no ambiente de planejamento, de formação e de sua prática pedagógica, analisando alguns aspectos voltados à sua atuação, bem como a relação que existe entre o trabalho do professor com seu perfil pessoal, que engloba aspectos individuais, sociais, ligados à sua profissão, descrevendo como o empenho pessoal e a luta pela valorização da sua profissão influencia seu reconhecimento profissional. Da mesma forma que destaca a relação entre sujeito de aprendizagem com o ensino de forma a melhorar o andamento deste processo que não é unilateral, e sim, dinâmico e coletivo.
Relativização do Princípio da Imutabilidade do Nome Civil /
Authors: Galvão Natasha Santana Sloniewski
Published: February 2020

O presente trabalho tem como base as possibilidades de modificação do nome civil, mais especificamente o prenome (pré-apelido da família), sem que haja necessidade de acionar o judiciário e passado o prazo estipulado pelo código civil de 2002, respeitando a segurança jurídica do ato, tendo como norteador o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, de forma que haja uma adequação jurídica conforme o desenvolvimento e avanço da sociedade humana. O trabalho busca uma análise prévia relacionada à relativização do principio da imutabilidade do nome civil, tendo por base jurisprudências dos tribunais nacionais, e analise dos entendimentos doutrinários relacionados ao tema proposto.
Sentimentos Emergentes nos portadores da Hanseníase ao anúncio do Diagnóstico / Emerging Feelings in Leprosy Patients to the Announcement of the Diagnosis
Authors: Nascimento Ednardo De Souza , Cardozo Patrícia Alves , Souza Carla Giselly De , Coelho Viviane Amaral Toledo
Published: February 2020

A Hanseníase é uma doença milenar, considerada problema de Saúde Pública no Brasil, por persistirem altos índices de detecção e prevalência em algumas regiões. A Hanseníase impõe aos seus portadores prejuízos biopsicossociais, por ser incapacitante, pelas representações sociais, ancoradas em relatos de preconceito, abandono e exclusão, além do forte estigma a ela associado. O objetivo deste estudo, realizado com portadores da Hanseníase no município de Almenara - MG, é destacar alguns sentimentos emergentes no anúncio do diagnóstico e em seguida discutir a importância da reelaboração dos conhecimentos sobre a doença, à partir das informações e conceitos cientificamente elaborados, anunciados aos portadores através de profissionais da saúde. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados revelaram que o conhecimento entre os sujeitos pesquisados era rudimentar, baseado na representação social (RS), carregado de autopreconceito, estigma e baseado na sua experiência de portador. Quanto ao gênero, não foi demonstrado diferença, exceto no tocante a um aspecto especialmente estruturante para o gênero feminino: a percepção da aparência e o seu significado para a estrutura do portador. Conclui-se pela necessidade de que seja estabelecido concomitante à terapêutica, um acompanhamento multiprofissional sistemático a fim de potencializar a superação dos seus prejuízos emocionais e psicossociais do portador da Hanseníase.
DETURKIFIKASI DALAM TAFSIR HAK DINI, KUR’AN DILI KARYA ELMALILI HAMDI YAZIR
Authors: Mursyid Achmad Yafik
Published: February 2020

The transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey left a long debate between Ulama (Islamic scholars) and the proponents of this system. This transition also affected Turkish religious life patterns with the emergence of "Turkification" efforts. Religious aspects were changed in Turkish. In the context of this debate, Hak Dini Kur'an Dili, the work of Elmalili Hamdi Yazir, appeared. Hamdi Yazir's tendency, as the author of this book, towards the process of the Ottoman transition to the Republic of Turkey, with all its consequences, becomes interesting to research further. To decipher interests that are probably inserted in the color of his interpretation, this study uses the philosophical hermeneutics method of Hans-Georg Gadamer. This research concludes that Hamdi Yazir's activeness in the parliament of the Republic of Turkey did not necessarily make his interpretation according to the objectives to be achieved by the Turkish government when initiating the making of this work. Hamdi Yazir preferred to restrengthen people's understanding of basic Islamic knowledge through interpretation. More than that, through this interpretation, Hamdi Yazir also responded to the achievements of modernization in interpreting related verses. Hamdi Yazir's tendency towards the classical study approach, in the process of interpretation, was influenced by his prejudices. Yazir wanted the interpretation that resulted, can provide understanding for Turkish society that he viewed having experienced degradation in religious understanding. This was committed by Yazir as a form of resistance to the Turkification efforts carried out by the Turkish secular government.
DISTRIBUTION OF BREAKS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Schlagbauer Dieter , Heck Detlef
Published: February 2020

The performance of tasks with high physical loads corresponds very strongly with the necessity for breaks, which should be taken depending on the workload. The actual situation on construction sites is totally different, since breaks were traditionally arranged and almost unchanged over the last decades, with no connection to the workload. This claim was substantiated by a recent survey of supervisors (N = 64) and construction workers (N = 177). The results showed that the majority of respondents would not change the current break arrangement, particularly supervisors, who did not see the importance of an evaluated break distribution. However, a need for change is seen in statements of the construction workers’ unions to reduce stress additionally caused by high temperatures. The suggested new approach for customized breaks in connection to physical loads in this study leads to the following: The overall working time should be split into three almost comparable shares, with a duration of 2.5 to 3.5 hours, to reach a total of 9 to 10 working hours. But even if these breaks are changed in the way we suggest, the authors would recommend additional breaks if the construction workers have to perform very strenuous work, or if climate conditions increase the strain.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Porntepkasemsant Patraporn , Charoenpornpattana Santi
Published: February 2020

Construction productivity is one of the most critical parts for many construction projects. Low labor productivity leads to delays and cost overruns. The aim of this study is to determine the factors effecting construction productivity. Fifteen labor productivity factors were shown from previous studies. Those factors are briefly discussed in terms of the effects on the Thai construction industry according to project managers’ experiences. This study is intended as an initial investigation for further study of labor productivity and on factors to gain effective results in productivity.
USING NANOFIBERS IN THE RESTORATION OF HISTORIC COATINGS – RESISTANCE TO SALT CRYSTALLIZATION
Authors: Kroftová Klára , Šmidtová Markéta
Published: February 2020

The paper presents partial results of research into the application of nanofibers in the stabilization, conservation, and strengthening of historic plasters. Nanotechnologies applied in all basic technical disciplines currently belong to the most popular fields of research. The restoration of historic and cultural heritage buildings must not in any way damage the preserved original coatings. The execution method and the choice of the suitability of used materials must respect the preserved condition based on the original plaster composition. The research addresses the above issues by applying nanofibers to textile carrier fabrics. The suitability of selected electrospun polymers and acrylates for the purposes of strengthening surface layers, and the application methods of nanotextiles on plasters, were investigated. The objective of this study is to verify whether the newly-designed methodology for the stabilization, conservation, and strengthening of historic plasters meets structural and technical demands, as well as the strict criteria set by cultural heritage conservation.
HYSTERESIS AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY OF WATER VAPOR SORPTION
Authors: Miniotaite Ruta
Published: February 2020

Moisture in porous building materials plays an important role in almost all durability problems. The sorption characteristics of building materials exhibit hysteresis in the way the equilibrium curves develop between adsorption and desorption. The sorption curves are also somewhat temperature-dependent. These facts are most often neglected in models for combined heat and moisture transport in materials. This study provides the sorption isotherm and its hysteresis of different porous building materials. The paper seeks to contribute to the knowledge base about such sorption characteristic by presenting some new measurements of hysteresis and temperature dependency of the moisture sorption characteristics of different porous building materials: concrete, porous concrete, cement plaster, limes cement plaster, brick, and spruce. Scanning curves are measured for all materials where periods with adsorption and desorption interrupt each other intermittently between 0% and 97% of relative humidity.
EFFECT OF CHANGE IN MIX PROPORTIONS ON SOME PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE CONTAINING ATTAPULGITE MINERAL ADMIXTURE
Authors: Abdulrazzaq A. Waleed
Published: February 2020

This project investigated the effect of high reactivity Iraqi High-Reactivity Attapulgite (HRA) on some properties of concrete (e.g., compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength) when mixing proportions were changed. Three mixes of concrete were made (1: 1.69: 2.13), (1: 1.13:1.68) and (1: 0.89: 1.96), with (water/cement) ratios (0.48, 0.41 and 0.32), for 35, 45 and 60 N/mm2 target compressive strength respectively. The percentage increase in the compressive strength at 28 days were 48.29%, 49.64% and 42%, respectively, compared with compressive strength for the same mix at 7 days. In addition, the increase in splitting tensile strength at 28 days was 45.27%, 31% and 30%, and in flexural strength at 28 days was 30%, 52.47% and 26.18%, for the above mixes respectively, compared with strength for the same mix at 7 days.
ENGINEERING DESIGN EDUCATION AND TRAINING WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO BRIDGE DESIGN
Authors: Nassif Ayman Y.
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a case study of an undergraduate integrated civil engineering design project module. This module involved significant input from practicing structural engineers, civil engineers, and architects, leading to a holistic course of study taking into consideration technical, social, economic, and environmental issues. The teaching philosophy focused on engagement and motivation that concentrated on a) incorporating behavioral affective and cognitive dimensions, and b) providing appropriate support at the right time for maximum impact on learning. Educational theories related to acquiring skills, construction of knowledge based on cognitive apprenticeship, knowledge-scaffolding, and constructive alignment were explored and used in the design of the module. The assessment ensured engagement and motivation with clear support for just-in-time continuous formative assessment. Learning-diaries and minutes of design meetings were introduced as a tool contributing to knowledge-scaffolding. This paper presents a methodology of how the educational theories can be applied pragmatically for more effective education and training of engineers.
FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF THE SUNDA STRAIT BRIDGE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN USING THE VALUE ENGINEERING METHOD
Authors: Ali Berawi Mohammed , Susantono Bambang , Miraj Perdana , Gunawan  , Rohim Boy Berawi Abdur , Husin Albert
Published: February 2020

Sunda Strait Bridge (SSB) is a mega-infrastructure project offered by the Indonesian government, expected to contribute to national economic growth by bridging economic connectivity between two major islands in Indonesia. At first, SSB construction was offered as a US$10 billion project in 2010. Then in 2011 it was revised into a US$25 billion project with additional scope of work, i.e., industrial area development along the site. Yet it was still unattractive to private investors due to a lack of technical and financial feasibility. Thus, the Value Engineering (VE) approach was used to increase and improve the project’s feasibility by generating innovative ideas. Innovation through additional functions for SSB development is comprised of: 1) development of renewable energy-based power plant by using tidal and wind power; 2) integration of oil and gas pipelines; (3) fiber-optic pipelines; 4) tourism development in Sangiang Island accessed by either road bridge or hanging train; and 5) development of industrial area. The life-cycle cost analysis by IRR and NPV approaches confirmed that SSB development with additional functions increased the internal rate of return of the overall project up to 7.26% and had a positive NPV.
BUILD-OWN-OPERATE-TRANSFER (BOOT) FOR WATER-INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
Authors: Whyte Andrew , Palmieri Matthew
Published: February 2020

Restructuring procurement processes is one way to enhance project delivery systems to service the needs of the community while providing value-for-money outcomes. Procurement options, however, require ongoing review of relative effectiveness in delivering (public-sector) infrastructure facilities. Public-private partnership (PPP) procurement adds to a list of schemes that can be utilized to bring infrastructure projects to fruition. The effectiveness of a PPP in comparison with traditional procurement is investigated here by case-study project examination of Western Australia’s first water-infrastructure project to be procured under a PPP scheme, using build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) progression. Data was generated principally by designing/developing and conducting semi-structured interviews with the key stakeholders involved. The survey results show that the most significant factor in a decision to pursue a BOOT scheme, in comparison with traditional procurement, is the establishment of value-for-money (determined by a public-sector-comparator to provide a benchmark for evaluating private consortia bids). The work conducted here found that while BOOT schemes have extremely high bid costs that restrict tender participation, life-cycle considerations from a single consortium can offer cost advantages (through BOOT) in comparison to traditional procurement. Conversely however, the study found that if the procurement and delivery timeframes are factored in, traditional procurement is deemed more time efficient than PPP/BOOT. Indeed, currently mitigation of risk via bespoke contractual agreements for BOOT is (overly) complex and difficult to administer. Findings go towards part of the (public sector’s) procurement assessment suite of tools for the realization of future infrastructure assets.
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF A BARBELL-SHAPED CROSS SECTION WALL USING FIBER SLICE
Authors: Jun Dae-Han , Kang Pyeong-Doo
Published: February 2020

Reinforced concrete shear walls are effective for resisting lateral loads imposed by wind or earthquakes. This study investigates the effectiveness of a wall fiber element in predicting the flexural nonlinear response of reinforced concrete shear walls. Model results are compared with experimental results for reinforced concrete shear walls with barbell-shaped cross sections without axial load. The analytical model is calibrated and the test measurements are processed to allow for a direct comparison of the predicted and measured flexural responses. Response results are compared at top displacements on the walls. Results obtained in the analytical model for barbell-shaped cross section wall compared favorably with experimentally responses for flexural capacity, stiffness, and deformability.
RETROFIT STEEL CORRODING RC BEAMS USING CFRP COMPOSITES: NLFE ANALYSIS
Authors: Haddad Rami H.
Published: February 2020

Corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the main durability problems facing reinforced concrete infrastructures worldwide. Steel degradation and/or cracking of concrete both cause severe reduction in bearing capacity, leading ultimately to failure. The potential of repairing corroded concrete beams with two configurations of carbon-fiber reinforced polymeric (CFRP) composites was investigated with a nonlinear finite Element (NLFE) model. CFRP composites were assumed to be either bonded directly to existing concrete or to a new concrete cover; replacing the old one. The data generated showed that the load-bearing capacity and stiffness for concrete beams, as long as corrosion levels were below 10%, can be fully restored. However, the ductility in terms of deflection at failure would be reduced, especially for repair techniques that involved anchoring with CFRP sheets. For corrosion levels greater than 10%, attaching CFRP composites to a new concrete cover contributed to additional improvements in load capacity and stiffness ranging from 10 to 15% of that achieved from similar repairing on existing concrete. The failure modes indicated that debonding failure prevailed, and that the extent of debonding prior to failure depended upon the corrosion level and on whether the concrete cover was replaced or not.
GROUND DISPLACEMENT BEHAVIORS CONSIDERING UNSTEADY SEEPAGE FLOW AND NON-LINEAR DEFORMATION
Authors: Yamamoto Haruyuki , Meng Lingyu
Published: February 2020

One major concern for excavation projects is the ground displacement generated around the excavated zone. In this paper, a 2-dimensional model analysis was made on non-linear ground behavior around excavation due to unsteady seepage of groundwater, taking into account the saturated-unsaturated theory by using Toyo-ura sand. The finite-element method and finite-different method were employed to study the space problem and time dimension, respectively. The numerical simulation code implemented by FORTRAN was applied to predict the flow-velocity distribution and the results of ground displacement. To validate the programming, a simple model was tested for comparison with tri-axial test data. The samples were made of Toyo-ura sand with a relative density of 90%. The programming also calculated flow-velocity distribution and ground displacement results of dewatering in excavation work over time. Results showed that the effect of horizontal displacement caused by seepage flow plays a very important role in the displacement field. This numerical simulation method provides a more reasonable computing scheme compared to traditional methods. All have theoretical meaning and applicable value, and also present useful references for the excavation stability and disaster prediction.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE LOAD CAPACITY OF STEEL SCAFFOLDS WITH LINED SETUPS
Authors: Peng Jui-Lin , Ho Chung-Ming , Pan Chi-Ling
Published: February 2020

Due to high clearances and large spans, some areas of reinforced concrete buildings, such as the entrance lobby of a hospital or the stage area of an auditorium, often need to design large-scale isolated reinforced concrete beams to support the weights from slabs and beams. On construction sites, the falsework of single-line steel scaffolds is often set up underneath these isolated beams based on the lined setup. Since the setup of these steel scaffolds is unique and data available for designing are lacking, single-line steel scaffolds are often installed on construction sites based on workers’ experience. Study results show that the load capacities of one-bay, two-story door-type steel scaffolds (2D) are similar to those of one-bay, three-story door-type steel scaffolds (3D). When adopting multi-bay setups, the load capacities of two-story door-type steel scaffolds (2D) and of one-door, one-square, two-rectangle steel scaffolds (DS2R) increase with the number of bays. Although the height of the DS2R setup is higher than that of the 2D setup, the load capacity of the DS2R setup is still higher than that of the 2D setup, indicating that the strength of the combined setup of steel scaffolds is higher than that of pure door-type steel scaffolds. By applying the second loading using reusable materials, to simulate the load capacity of the steel scaffolds under the worst conditions, this study obtained the strength reduction factors of the steel scaffolds using reusable materials.
CONFINING TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENTS FOR CIRCULAR COMPOSITE HOLLOW RC COLUMN WITH INNER TUBE
Authors: Won Deok Hee , Park Woo-Sun , Seo Ji-Hye , Lim Nam-Hyung , Han Taek Hee
Published: February 2020

The confining transverse reinforcement has been arranged in plastic hinge region to resist the lateral load, increasing the lateral confining effect in the substructure of the bridge. Columns increased the seismic performance by securing the stiffness and ductility. The calculation method of confining transverse reinforcements is reported in AASHTO-LRFD specification. This specification is only proposed for solid RC columns. In this reason, if this specification is applied to another column as composite column besides solid RC columns, a proper evaluation of the column cannot be done. In particular, composite hollow RC columns have limits for applying this specification. The composite hollow RC column consists of transverse longitudinal reinforcement, cover concrete, core concrete, and an inner tube inserted on hollow face. It increases the ductility, strength, and stiffness of the composite hollow RC column. This paper suggests a modified equation for an economical and rational design through an investigation of displacement ductility when applied to the existing specifications of the composite hollow RC column. Moreover, parametric study is performed for evaluating the detail behavior. Using these results, a calculation method of economic transverse reinforcements is proposed.
NUMERICAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF ORTHOTROPIC PLATES UNDER LOCALIZED BLAST LOADING
Authors: Alisjahbana Sofia W. , Wangsadinata Wiratman
Published: February 2020

This paper analyzes the dynamic response of fixed supported orthotropic plates under localized blast loading using the method of modal superposition. The analysis procedure is used to quantify the linear transient response of such plates to the localized blast load at different positions. Many studies are currently available, in which the blast load is considered to be spatially uniform across the plate, with a temporal distribution described by a Dirac delta function. The novel aspect considered here is the case for which the blast load is modeled as a linear triangular function, and the orthotropic plate is fixed along its edges. A Mathematica program is used to solve the first and the second auxiliary Levy-type problem to determine the values of the natural frequencies of the system. The results presented here are collected from the results of analyses performed on localized blast-loaded orthotropic plates, for a variety of parameters important with regard to the dynamic response. Conclusions are drawn concerning the influence of the various parameters on the nature of the orthotropic-plate response.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF FLEXURAL CAPACITY OF FULL SCALE PRECAST CONCRETE SHEETPILE
Authors: Tan Geem Eng , Ong Tai Boon , Choong Kok Keong , Ong Chong Yong
Published: February 2020

A flexural capacity test is presented of a long precast concrete sheetpile system, intended as a protection wall for a water storage canal bank in soft-ground conditions, for a nursing college in Penang, Malaysia. The precast concrete sheetpile with a length of 7 m and a maximum exposed corrugated-section height of 1.8 m, was designed at Ultimate Limit State (ULS) bending moment of 175 kNm. A total of 2 specimens of precast concrete sheetpiles were tested in the Heavy Structure Laboratory at School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The test method specified in Malaysian Standard MS 1314 was adopted. The results showed that the capacity of Specimens 1 and 2 were respectively 1.49 and 1.48 times higher than the designed capacity at ULS. The test set-up, to reflect the practical behavior of precast concrete sheetpile, and the test procedures are also described.
USE OF FERROCEMENT PANEL AS REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS WITH LIGHTWEIGHT BLOCKS INFILL
Authors: Abushawashi Nadim , Vimonsatit Vanissorn
Published: February 2020

This paper is part of an experimental series to investigate the potential use of ferrocement panels as a permanent form of reinforced concrete slabs with lightweight blocks infill. The ferrocement panels used are engineered with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber to have a strain hardening which can be characterized as high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite (HPFRCC), called Engineered Ferrocement (EF). In the experimental work, ferrocement control panels and hybrid ferrocement panels were tested for strength capacity and hard strain behavior through flexure, toughness, and multitrack forming. The results showed that by using the ideal fiber/wire mesh content, the hybrid ferrocement panels act as a strain-hardening cementitious material, and successfully increasing the flexure strength compared to the control-group ferrocement. The initial investigation indicates that hybrid PVA fiber ferrocement in tensile zones can be successfully used as permanent form.
INTERNATIONAL JOINT OPERATION ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE DESIGNS OF INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Lumeno Shirly , Marzuki Puti , Tamin Rizal , Sunaryo Indryati
Published: February 2020

This paper analyzes various international joint operation organization (IJO) structure designs of infrastructure projects in Indonesia. Organization structures of important infrastructure projects are studied. Surveys are conducted to collect primary and secondary data that also include interviews with key persons in each project’s management team. The results show that both integrated and non-integrated joint operation organizations exist in these infrastructure construction projects. The organization structure adopted depends on the type of the project, complexity of the construction, and type of joint operation agreements between partners. Authority distribution in each type of organization structure is also studied. In some cases, a shift in organization structures happened. It is revealed that more complicated construction projects mostly adopt a non-integrated IJO organization where the foreign partners have the responsibility to execute high technology construction parts. The position of General Manager in the two IJO organization types is mostly held by a foreign partner officer.
COLLABORATIVE ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS ASSISTED BY VIRTUAL CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Jones Barry
Published: February 2020

The paper outlines a decision-support environment that actively supports collaboration during decision making and problem solving. A complementary partnership was formed between computer agents and human agents; one brought selected intelligence to the solution process from “unlimited” multi-domain knowledge sources, the other brought human cognitive rationality. In particular, the proposed system articulated how domain knowledge and know-how can be shared, thereby creating a truly integrated construction team. The author’s investigation measured the views of practitioners in the main building professions—architecture, engineering and construction management—before proposing the decision support system. The conclusion of the work is a conceptual model: a definition of the contractors’ construction management computer agents, and a specification based on scenarios of how these agents would interact with design agents. The significance of Virtual Design and Integrated Project Delivery are also discussed in the context of improved collaboration on the construction project.
OBJECT-ORIENTATED HAZARD ANALYSIS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Melzner Jürgen , Walther Tino , Bargstädt Hans-Joachim
Published: February 2020

Safety planning, as well as planning for hazards and risks in building construction projects, are mostly carried out on paper-based 2D plans. There are various methods, such as safety analysis and risk assessment, which can be applied to improve the health and safety of construction workers. Safety planning needs to be integrated into the design and planning phase. Building models are made in 3D; the challenge is to connect both to a single model. This paper solves this problem by carrying out a hazard analysis for collecting and formalizing basis data, and then integrating the calculated results into a 3Dbuilding model. Therefore, the advantage is that a knowledge base can be obtained for all project participants, who can quickly access the risks and hazards connected to their respective buildings.
USE OF BIM TOOLS FOR SITE LAYOUT PLANNING
Authors: Vimonsatit Vanissorn , Lim Maria
Published: February 2020

Building Information Model (BIM) has a wide range of applications and benefits that can help in communicating a large amount of information of the entire project lift cycle. BIM allows for 4D construction sequencing and scheduling through visual simulation. This paper demonstrates how BIM tools can be used for construction site layout planning and simulation. A methodology framework is developed to create the workflow necessary for the planning. Bentley's AECOsim Building Designer V8i was used as a modelling tool. Available on-line 3D models were sourced and collected for the simulation. In the process, shortcomings, or lack of BIM tools specific for Site Layout Planning, were identified. It is hoped that this research could lead to further development of BIM software aimed at supporting the construction industry.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM TO VALIDATE AND CERTIFY EQUIPMENT AND TECHNICIANS FOR UNDERGROUND PIPE INSPECTION
Authors: Minchin R. Edward , Ptschelinzew Lourdes R. , Issa Raja R. A. , Zhang Yuanxin
Published: February 2020

Storm water delivery systems are an integral part of transportation construction projects. Pipe placement is costly and time consuming, and when a system fails, the costs associated with repairing and replacing the system are significantly greater because of the existing infrastructure often built above the pipe. Several state departments of transportation in the U.S. have standard specifications for the inspection of newly-installed pipe, but no Department of Transportation has standardized operator training for laser profiling or closed-circuit television (CCTV) pipe inspection. This is significant because state-of-the-art systems for underground pipe inspection currently utilizes these two technologies. Likewise, standards do not exist for the certification of systems or operators for CCTV, laser profiling, or other technologies. Within this report are the findings of an ongoing project funded by the Florida Department of Transportation. This paper reports on pipe inspection in the U.S., the development of a field test for laser-and CCTV-based inspection systems, and practical exams for prospective operators of certified systems used in the inspection of underground pipe construction.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF WIND FARMS
Authors: Savage Clifford , Smallwood John
Published: February 2020

The Eastern Cape in South Africa has been identified as having ideal characteristics for the development of wind farming, and thus the industry has grown in this area. Wind energy has been identified as a tool to create jobs; as the demand for electricity increases and renewable energy sources become a necessity, the South African Government has provided targets and incentives to attract investors into the industry. This study investigates why wind farms attract public resistance. It also investigates if wind energy is expensive compared to other sources of energy in South Africa and the Eastern Cape. A descriptive survey was conducted with two associations related to the study. Essential findings include: The largest impact that wind farm developments have on the environment is their visual pollution. Wind-generated energy provides the best return on investment and the second-best capital cost per megawatt in comparison with other sources of energy. In the Eastern Cape, wind as a resource is consistent enough to realise a financial return, and could be used to a large extent in terms of provision of power to the national grid.
SEISMIC PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLED STEEL FRAME STRUCTURES
Authors: Jeriniaina Sitraka Tantely , He Zheng
Published: February 2020

Any element loss in the concentrically-braced frames (CBF) system significantly affects its seismic performance. The research presented in this paper aimed to understand the behavior of this system against seismic progressive collapse due to the failure of a column. A collapse of this magnitude may lead to the entire collapse of the structure, or else it could avoid or even localize the disaster by redistributing the released load to the surrounding structure. The progressive collapse phenomenon was investigated through analyzing a building equipped with CBF system during a seismic event. Four cases of failed beams were considered, depending on the location of the column loss and the configuration of the braces surrounding them. Through OpenSees simulation, the results showed the seismic and gravity loads increased and rapidly reached the ultimate state of the structure from 0.6 sec after the time of failure. The model for each scenario, regardless of the direct collapse of the structure due to the column loss, indicated the CBF system limited the plastic hinge formation around the failed element. Finally, the results showed the braces working in tensile are more reliable in terms of collapse resistance than those working in compression.
SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF THE REPLACEMENT OF CLAY BRICK WALLS WITH IN-SITU COMPOSITE SANDWICH WALLS
Authors: Lawania Krishna , Lloyd Natalie , Biswas Wahidul K.
Published: February 2020

Clay bricks are used for house construction in Western Australia. Clay bricks produce large amounts of construction and demolition waste, and have a large carbon footprint. In order to achieve energy savings and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets, there is a need to use an alternative wall system. The objective of this paper is to undertake a sustainability assessment of the replacement of clay brick walls with in-situ composite sandwich walls (CSW). A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool has been applied to assess the carbon footprint and embodied energy consumption for non-insulated and insulated brick and CSW. The LCA analysis identified the stages or inputs/process causing the most significant impacts for determining further improvement opportunities. The findings indicate that a significant GHG reduction and energy saving can be achieved.