bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A History of Greece
Authors: Finlay George
Published: June 2015

A participant in the Greek struggle for independence alongside Lord Byron, the philhellene George Finlay (1799–1875) lent his support to the newly liberated nation while diligently studying its past. The monographs he published in his lifetime covered the history of Greece since the Roman conquest, spanning two millennia. His two-volume History of the Greek Revolution (1861) is reissued separately in this series. Edited by the scholar Henry Fanshawe Tozer (1829–1916) and published in 1877, this seven-volume collection brought together Finlay's histories, incorporating significant revisions. Notably, Finlay gives due consideration to social and economic factors as well as high politics. Volume 2 covers the Byzantine empire from 716 to 1057. Finlay traces the stabilisation of the empire under the Isaurian dynasty in the face of Muslim conquests, and the consolidation of Byzantine administration under the later Basilian or Macedonian dynasty, closing with the reign of Michael VI.
A History of Greece
Authors: Finlay George
Published: June 2015

A participant in the Greek struggle for independence alongside Lord Byron, the philhellene George Finlay (1799–1875) lent his support to the newly liberated nation while diligently studying its past. The monographs he published in his lifetime covered the history of Greece since the Roman conquest, spanning two millennia. His two-volume History of the Greek Revolution (1861) is reissued separately in this series. Edited by the scholar Henry Fanshawe Tozer (1829–1916) and published in 1877, this seven-volume collection brought together Finlay's histories, incorporating significant revisions. Notably, Finlay gives due consideration to social and economic factors as well as high politics. Volume 4 covers medieval Greece and the empire of Trebizond. Opening with an overview of populations in Greece following the decline of Rome, Finlay traces the aftermath of the 1204 sack of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade, up until the 1461 fall of the empire of Trebizond in Anatolia.
A History of Greece
Authors: Finlay George
Published: June 2015

A participant in the Greek struggle for independence alongside Lord Byron, the philhellene George Finlay (1799–1875) lent his support to the newly liberated nation while diligently studying its past. The monographs he published in his lifetime covered the history of Greece since the Roman conquest, spanning two millennia. His two-volume History of the Greek Revolution (1861) is reissued separately in this series. Edited by the scholar Henry Fanshawe Tozer (1829–1916) and published in 1877, this seven-volume collection brought together Finlay's histories, incorporating significant revisions. Notably, Finlay gives due consideration to social and economic factors as well as high politics. Volume 5 covers the history of Greece under Ottoman and Venetian rule from 1453 to 1821. Finlay gives an overview of the political and military organisation of the Ottoman empire, touching also on the social conditions of the Greeks. He argues that growing national consciousness set the stage for Greek independence.
A History of Greece
Authors: Finlay George
Published: June 2015

A participant in the Greek struggle for independence alongside Lord Byron, the philhellene George Finlay (1799–1875) lent his support to the newly liberated nation while diligently studying its past. The monographs he published in his lifetime covered the history of Greece since the Roman conquest, spanning two millennia. His two-volume History of the Greek Revolution (1861) is reissued separately in this series. Edited by the scholar Henry Fanshawe Tozer (1829–1916) and published in 1877, this seven-volume collection brought together Finlay's histories, incorporating significant revisions. Notably, Finlay gives due consideration to social and economic factors as well as high politics. Volume 6 covers the Greek war of independence between 1821 and 1827. Finlay begins by describing the various ethnic and social groups of Greece and its neighbours as well as the structure of the Ottoman administration. He then covers events from the initial uprisings to the election of Ioannis Kapodistrias as head of state.
The Life and Times of Henry Lord Brougham
Authors: Brougham Henry
Published: June 2015

A child prodigy, Henry Brougham (1778–1868), later Lord Brougham and Vaux, entered in 1792 the University of Edinburgh, where he focused on mathematics and then law, while his amateur scientific studies led him to become a fellow of the Royal Society at the age of twenty-five. Called to both the Scottish and English bars, and moving in radical political circles, he became famous as a defender of free speech, a passionate abolitionist, and co-founder of the Edinburgh Review. After many years as an MP, he was given a peerage in 1830 and became Lord Chancellor in Lord Grey's Whig government, where he was instrumental in the passing of the 1832 Reform Act. This three-volume autobiography was published posthumously in 1871, with additional notes. Volume 2 covers the period 1811–28, including the scandal of George IV's marriage, during which Brougham advised Queen Caroline.
Family Letters of Richard Wagner
Authors: Wagner Richard
Published: June 2015

William Ashton Ellis (1852–1919) abandoned his medical career in order to devote himself to his Wagner studies. Best known for his translations of Wagner's prose works and of Carl Friedrich Glasenapp's multi-volume biography of the composer, Ellis published in 1911 this English translation of Wagner's Familienbriefe, spanning the years 1832–74. An inveterate letter writer, Wagner was the youngest-but-one of ten children and Ellis describes the character of these letters to his sisters, his mother, his brother-in-law and his nieces as a reflection of the composer in the 'driest and most neutral of lights', claiming that within the family it is impossible to be pretentious. An appendix by Glasenapp, giving brief biographical details of family members, is also included. Despite the stylistic idiosyncrasies of the translations, these letters remain of importance, capturing something of the tone of Wagner's prose style and shedding light on his extraordinary life.
British Barrows
Authors: Greenwell William , Rolleston George
Published: June 2015

Although best known as an archaeologist, William Greenwell (1820–1918) was also ordained as a priest and served as librarian of Durham Cathedral. A keen angler into his later years, he is known too for his creation of 'Greenwell's glory', a famous British trout fly. As an archaeologist, Greenwell excavated nearly 300 burial mounds, carrying out intensive fieldwork from 1862. First published in 1877, this work is a detailed account of some 230 Bronze Age barrows across England, largely in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Organised by parish, this work records these excavations, giving dimensions and descriptions of their form and finds. Accompanying the survey are contributions by the respected Oxford physician and physiologist George Rolleston (1829–81) describing the skulls found in the barrows. Featuring many illustrations of the finds, including the skulls, the book also contains an appendix discussing prehistoric flora and fauna.
The Trials of the Slave Traders, Samuel Samo, Joseph Peters, and William Tufft
Authors: Anonymous  , Tuke Henry George
Published: June 2015

In 1812 a number of slave traders were prosecuted in Sierra Leone, the focus of Britain's efforts to eradicate the trade. First published in 1813, this report is believed to have been written by the presiding judge, Robert Thorpe. The trials provoked debate as Thorpe found one trader guilty, but commuted his sentence on the condition that other traders were persuaded to cease their business. Another was dealt with severely as he displayed complicity in evading the laws. Thorpe's judgments relied upon not only the application of the anti-slavery laws, but also the notion of natural laws transcending those of nations, a notion which came under consideration in the landmark Somerset v. Stewart case of 1772, concerning an escaped slave. Published in 1876, a report on this case is also reissued here. Taken together, these two texts provide valuable source material on the history of the slave trade's abolition.
Celtic Britain
Authors: Rhys John
Published: June 2015

First published in 1882, this clearly written account, accessible to non-specialists, is one of the principal works of the pioneering Celtic scholar Sir John Rhys (1840–1915). The son of a Welsh farmer and lead miner, Rhys went on to become the first professor of Celtic at the University of Oxford, principal of Jesus College, and a fellow of the British Academy. Knighted in 1907, Rhys had by then made significant contributions to the study of Celtic languages, travelling widely and examining many inscriptions at first hand. Here he covers Celtic etymology, ethnology and history in Britain from the time of Julius Caesar to the eleventh-century Scottish kingdoms. His Lectures on Welsh Philology (1877) and Celtic Folklore: Welsh and Manx (1901) are also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection. For the study of Celtic language, culture and mythology, the importance of Rhys's research is still acknowledged today.
Reminiscences of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey
Authors: Cottle Joseph
Published: June 2015

Published in 1847 by Joseph Cottle (1770–1853), this work recounts his relationship with Coleridge and Southey, whom he first met in 1794 as a successful bookseller in Bristol. Cottle went on to finance a number of the Romantic poets' publications, including Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads (1798), which is seen as marking the start of Romanticism. A reworking of Cottle's controversial Early Recollections (1837), Reminiscences was criticised upon publication for being exaggerated and misleading, coloured by the breakdown of the author's friendship with the poets, as well as revealing information about disputes, moneylending and Coleridge's opium addiction. In spite of its shortcomings, the work gives a uniquely valuable insight into the lives and characters of the Romantic poets by a member of their inner circle. Cottle's memoir has much to reveal about the poets' private lives and artistic influences during a key moment in the Romantic period.
The Alps of Hannibal
Authors: Law William John
Published: June 2015

Controversial for centuries, the route across the Alps taken by Hannibal, his Carthaginian army and his famous elephants in 218 BCE formed the basis of an extended scholarly dispute between William John Law (1786–1869) and Robert Ellis (1819/20–85). Fought in the pages of books and the Journal of Classical and Sacred Philology, their exchanges lasted several years. Ellis' Treatise on Hannibal's Passage of the Alps (1853) and An Enquiry into the Ancient Routes between Italy and Gaul (1867) are also reissued in this series. Published in 1866, this two-volume work was Law's major contribution to the debate, examining the various theories and historical accounts. Modern scholarship has questioned, however, whether either man was right. Volume 1 examines the accounts of Polybius, using numerous modern measurements to try to gauge their accuracy. It also evaluates the reliability of previous suggestions for Hannibal's route at each stage of the journey.
Die altpersischen Keil-inschriften von Persepolis
Authors: Lassen Christian , Oppert Julius
Published: June 2015

The decipherment of the ancient cuneiform scripts was one of the major breakthroughs in nineteenth-century archaeology and linguistics. Among the scholars working on Old Persian was Christian Lassen (1800–76), professor of Sanskrit at Bonn. Lassen's book on cuneiform inscriptions from Persepolis appeared in 1836, a month before his friend Eugène Burnouf independently published very similar conclusions. Lassen's account gives vivid insights into the detective work involved, as he painstakingly compares individual words and grammatical forms with their Avestan and Sanskrit equivalents, and proposes sounds for the symbols. The book uses a specially designed cuneiform font, and credits the printer, Georgi of Bonn. This Cambridge Library Collection volume also includes a short monograph on Old Persian phonology published in Berlin in 1847 by the Assyriologist Julius Oppert (1825–1905). Oppert revisits Lassen's conclusions in the light of Henry Creswicke Rawlinson's important 1846 memoir on the trilingual Behistun inscription.
Hakluytus Posthumus or, Purchas his Pilgrimes
Authors: Purchas Samuel
Published: June 2015

Richard Hakluyt's 12-volume Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation, originally published at the end of the sixteenth century, and reissued by the Cambridge Library Collection in the edition of 1903–5, was followed in 1625 by Hakluytus Posthumus or, Purchas his Pilgrimes, now reissued in a 20-volume edition published in 1905–7. When first published in four folio volumes, the work was the largest ever printed in England. An Anglican priest, Samuel Purchas (1577–1626) was a friend of Hakluyt, and based his great work in part on papers not published by Hakluyt before his death. As well as being a wide-ranging survey of world exploration, it is notable as an anti-Catholic polemic, and a justification of British settlement in North America. Volume 4 includes retrospective accounts and crews' journals describing voyages to the East Indies.
Hakluytus Posthumus or, Purchas his Pilgrimes
Authors: Purchas Samuel
Published: June 2015

Richard Hakluyt's 12-volume Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation, originally published at the end of the sixteenth century, and reissued by the Cambridge Library Collection in the edition of 1903–5, was followed in 1625 by Hakluytus Posthumus or, Purchas his Pilgrimes, now reissued in a 20-volume edition published in 1905–7. When first published in four folio volumes, the work was the largest ever printed in England. An Anglican priest, Samuel Purchas (1577–1626) was a friend of Hakluyt, and based his great work in part on papers not published by Hakluyt before his death. As well as being a wide-ranging survey of world exploration, it is notable as an anti-Catholic polemic, and a justification of British settlement in North America. Volume 5 includes accounts and journals describing voyages to the East Indies, and the rivalry between the British and the Dutch in the region.
The Natural History of the Tea-Tree
Authors: Lettsom John Coakley
Published: June 2015

This treatise on the tea bush and the consumption of tea was published in 1772 by John Coakley Lettsom (1744–1815), a physician and philanthropist, whose first action on inheriting his family plantation in 1767 was to free all its slaves. He practised medicine in London, and wrote on topics which he felt would benefit society. The book begins with a description of the plant, using the Linnaean system, discussing tea cultivation and harvesting in China, and the preparation of the leaves for use locally and abroad. In Part II, Lettsom turns to the medical uses of tea, lamenting that so little scientific evidence exists for either its beneficent or its malign properties. After performing various experiments and considering the physical and social consequences of tea-drinking, he concludes that it should be avoided, because its enervating effects lead to weakness and effeminacy, advice which mostly fell on deaf ears.
Hakluytus Posthumus or, Purchas his Pilgrimes
Authors: Purchas Samuel
Published: June 2015

Richard Hakluyt's 12-volume Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation, originally published at the end of the sixteenth century, and reissued by the Cambridge Library Collection in the edition of 1903–5, was followed in 1625 by Hakluytus Posthumus or, Purchas his Pilgrimes, now reissued in a 20-volume edition published in 1905–7. When first published in four folio volumes, the work was the largest ever printed in England. An Anglican priest, Samuel Purchas (1577–1626) was a friend of Hakluyt, and based his great work in part on papers not published by Hakluyt before his death. As well as being a wide-ranging survey of world exploration, it is notable as an anti-Catholic polemic, and a justification of British settlement in North America. Volume 14 describes voyages to Greenland, Scandinavia and Russia (including a journey of two Cossacks to China), and begins an account of the West Indies.
Hakluytus Posthumus or, Purchas his Pilgrimes
Authors: Purchas Samuel
Published: June 2015

Richard Hakluyt's 12-volume Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation, originally published at the end of the sixteenth century, and reissued by the Cambridge Library Collection in the edition of 1903–5, was followed in 1625 by Hakluytus Posthumus or, Purchas his Pilgrimes, now reissued in a 20-volume edition published in 1905–7. When first published in four folio volumes, the work was the largest ever printed in England. An Anglican priest, Samuel Purchas (1577–1626) was a friend of Hakluyt, and based his great work in part on papers not published by Hakluyt before his death. As well as being a wide-ranging survey of world exploration, it is notable as an anti-Catholic polemic, and a justification of British settlement in North America. Volume 16 includes accounts of the West Indies, Puerto Rico, Guiana, and Brazil, and of the discovery of the river Amazon.
The Mikado's Empire
Authors: Griffis William Elliot
Published: June 2015

A respected authority on Japan, William Elliot Griffis (1843–1928) did much to foster understanding between the United States and Japan in the late nineteenth century. This was his most popular work on the subject. It is arranged in two sections, with maps and illustrations throughout. The first part is a detailed history of Japan from 660 BCE, covering factual events as well as mythological elements of the Japanese past. This is followed by a personal account of the four years Griffis lived in Japan, during which the country underwent significant modernisation. Highly successful, the work went through twelve editions following its initial publication in 1876. It is reissued here in its second edition of 1877 and features improvements, such as the addition of content in the appendices and footnotes, made in response to comments by critics. Giffis' Corea, the Hermit Nation (1882) is also reissued in this series.
The Holy Sepulchre and the Temple at Jerusalem
Authors: Fergusson James
Published: June 2015

Born in Scotland, James Fergusson (1808–86) spent ten years as an indigo planter in India before embarking upon a second career as an architectural historian. Despite his lack of formal training, he became an expert in the field of Indian architecture. The topography and temples of ancient Jerusalem also fascinated him. This 1865 collection of two lectures summarises his controversial topographical and architectural argument that the location where Constantine erected the original Holy Sepulchre was the Dome of the Rock on the Temple Mount. Fergusson then describes the Temple in its successive forms, arguing against the view that the rock known as the foundation stone was the site of the Jewish altar. The work is illustrated throughout with plans and drawings. Fergusson's Cave Temples of India (1880) and the two-volume revised edition of his History of Indian and Eastern Architecture (1910) are also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.
Shinto
Authors: Aston W. G.
Published: June 2015

The diplomat and Japanese and Korean scholar William George Aston (1841–1911) wrote several highly regarded publications, particularly on the Japanese language. Condensed from his more comprehensive 1905 study of the subject, this 1907 work is a brief introduction to Shinto, the indigenous religion of Japan. Based on the worship of nature and ancestor spirits, Shinto has evolved throughout its history, particularly under Buddhist and Confucian influence. In the late nineteenth century it played a notable role in the revival of Japanese nationalism, and continued to be central to public life until 1945. This work focuses on describing Shinto's general character, and its myths and practices, drawing on early written sources based on the oral tradition. Aston's work has been criticised for its dependence on philological study of the early texts, but his expertise is undeniable. His groundbreaking History of Japanese Literature (1899) is also reissued in this series.
A Diplomat in Japan
Authors: Satow Ernest
Published: June 2015

A brilliant linguist, Sir Ernest Satow (1843–1929) was recruited into the British consular service as a student interpreter in 1861. The following year he arrived in Japan, where he witnessed the overthrow of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the Meiji restoration of imperial rule. Drafted in the 1880s while he was consul-general in Bangkok, this 1921 account is based on the voluminous diaries Satow kept whilst in Japan between 1862 and 1869. As an interpreter he was present at many of the meetings between the diplomatic and military representatives of the Great Powers and of the Shogunate. Satow gives his opinions of the various officials he met, and describes the rising tensions that led to conflict between the Shogunate and the Emperor, civil war, and the reassertion of the Emperor's power. Satow's classic Guide to Diplomatic Practice (1917) is also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.
Fastorum libri sex
Authors: Ovid
Published: June 2015

Sir James Frazer (1854–1941) is best remembered today for The Golden Bough, widely considered to be one of the most important early texts in the fields of psychology and anthropology. Originally a classical scholar, Frazer also published this five-volume edition of Ovid's Fasti in 1929. It contains the text and a parallel English translation, with commentary on the six books, indexes, illustrations, and plans. Frazer's interest in Ovid's unfinished final poem arose from his wide-ranging studies of ancient literature and the origins of myth. The work describes the origins of the Roman calendar with its sacred days, and ranges from the deeds of major gods and heroes to the strange rites involved in placating the goddess of mildew. Volume 2 contains Frazer's commentary on Books I and II, dealing with the Roman months of January and February. Other works by Frazer are also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.
English Fiction and the Evolution of Language, 1850–1914
Authors: Abberley Will
Published: June 2015

Victorian science changed language from a tool into a natural phenomenon, evolving independently of its speakers. Will Abberley explores how science and fiction interacted in imagining different stories of language evolution. Popular narratives of language progress clashed with others of decay and degeneration. Furthermore, the blurring of language evolution with biological evolution encouraged Victorians to re-imagine language as a mixture of social convention and primordial instinct. Abberley argues that fiction by authors such as Charles Kingsley, Thomas Hardy and H. G. Wells not only reflected these intellectual currents, but also helped to shape them. Genres from utopia to historical romance supplied narrative models for generating thought experiments in the possible pasts and futures of language. Equally, fiction that explored the instinctive roots of language intervened in debates about language standardisation and scientific objectivity. These textual readings offer new perspectives on twenty-first-century discussions about language evolution and the language of science.
Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles des quadrupèdes
Authors: Cuvier Georges
Published: June 2015

Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), one of the founding figures of vertebrate palaeontology, pursued a successful scientific career despite the political upheavals in France during his lifetime. In the 1790s, Cuvier's work on fossils of large mammals including mammoths enabled him to show that extinction was a scientific fact. In 1812 Cuvier published this four-volume illustrated collection of his papers on palaeontology, osteology (notably dentition) and stratigraphy. It was followed in 1817 by his famous Le règne animal, available in the Cambridge Library Collection both in French and in Edward Griffith's expanded English translation (1827–35). Volume 4 of Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles focuses first on ruminants, horses and pigs. Cuvier then discusses fossils of carnivores, including bears, hyenas and big cats. The book concludes by describing fossil sloths, and the oviparous reptiles found in older strata, such as crocodiles, turtles, and marine dinosaurs.
The Medical Home and Care Coordination in Disaster Recovery: Hypothesis for Interventions and Research
Authors: Kanter Robert K. , Abramson David M. , Redlener Irwin , Gracy Delaney
Published: June 2015

In postdisaster settings, health care providers encounter secondary surges of unmet primary care and mental health needs that evolve throughout disaster recovery phases. Whatever a community’s predisaster adequacy of health care, postdisaster gaps are similar to those of any underserved region. We hypothesize that existing practice and evidence supporting medical homes and care coordination in primary care for the underserved provide a favorable model for improving health in disrupted communities. Elements of medical home services can be offered by local or temporary providers from outside the region, working out of mobile clinics early in disaster recovery. As repairs and reconstruction proceed, local services are restored over weeks or years. Throughout recovery, major tasks include identifying high-risk patients relative to the disaster and underlying health conditions, assisting displaced families as they transition through housing locations, and tracking their evolving access to health care and community services as they are restored. Postdisaster sources of financial assistance for the disaster-exposed population are often temporary and evolving, requiring up-to-date information to cover costs of care until stable services and insurance coverage are restored. Evidence to support disaster recovery health care improvement will require research funding and metrics on structures, processes, and outcomes of the disaster recovery medical home and care coordination, based on adaptation of standard validated methods to crisis environments. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:337–343)
Shrewd Bargaining on the Moral Frontier: Toward a Theory of Morality In Practice
Authors: Gregory Dees J. , Cramton Peter C.
Published: June 2015

From a traditional moral point of view, business practitioners often seem overly concerned about the behavior of their peers in deciding how they ought to act. We propose to account for this concern by introducing a mutual trust perspective, where moral obligations are grounded in a sense of trust that others will abide by the same rules. When grounds for trust are absent, the obligation is weakened. We illustrate this perspective by examining the widespread ambivalence with regard to deception about one's settlement preferences in negotiation. On an abstract level, such deception generally seems undesirable, though in many individual cases it is condoned, even admired as shrewd bargaining. Because of the difficulty in verifying someone's settlement preferences, it is hard to establish a basis for trusting the revelations of the other party, especially in competitive negotiations with relative strangers.

Brer Rabbit had got himself caught by Brer Fox and was well on his way to becoming evening dinner. Brer Rabbit was in a great deal of deep trouble.

There didn’t seem much he could do about this one, but he didn’t seem concerned at all at being the Fox’s dinner. He just said, “Brer Fox I don’t mind if you eat me. But, oh, whatever you do don’t throw me in that briar patch.”

Now Brer Fox was surely looking forward to eating his old enemy, but he was mighty curious about Brer Rabbit’s sweating and crying about being thrown into the briar patch.

And the more he questioned it the more Brer Rabbit wailed about how much he hated and feared that briar patch.

Pretty soon it did seem that Brer Rabbit would rather be eaten than be set among those briars. So Brer Fox threw Brer Rabbit into the heart of the briar patch. Brer Rabbit gleefully scampered away.

From the tales of Brer Rabbit
Printed Flexible Plastic Microchip for Viral Load Measurement through Quantitative Detection of Viruses in Plasma and Saliva
Authors: Shafiee Hadi , Kanakasabapathy Manoj Kumar , Juillard Franceline , Keser Mert , Sadasivam Magesh , Yuksekkaya Mehmet , Hanhauser Emily , Henrich Timothy J. , Kuritzkes Daniel R. , Kaye Kenneth M. , Demirci Utkan
Published: June 2015

We report a biosensing platform for viral load measurement through electrical sensing of viruses on a flexible plastic microchip with printed electrodes. Point-of-care (POC) viral load measurement is of paramount importance with significant impact on a broad range of applications, including infectious disease diagnostics and treatment monitoring specifically in resource-constrained settings. Here, we present a broadly applicable and inexpensive biosensing technology for accurate quantification of bioagents, including viruses in biological samples, such as plasma and artificial saliva, at clinically relevant concentrations. Our microchip fabrication is simple and mass-producible as we print microelectrodes on flexible plastic substrates using conductive inks. We evaluated the microchip technology by detecting and quantifying multiple Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) subtypes (A, B, C, D, E, G and panel), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpes Virus (KSHV) in a fingerprick volume (50 µL) of PBS, plasma, and artificial saliva samples for a broad range of virus concentrations between 102 copies/mL and 107 copies/mL. We have also evaluated the microchip platform with discarded, de-identified HIV-infected patient samples by comparing our microchip viral load measurement results with reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) as the gold standard method using Bland-Altman Analysis.
A double-edged sword: Benefits and pitfalls of heterogeneous punishment in evolutionary inspection games
Authors: Perc Matjaž , Szolnoki Attila
Published: June 2015

As a simple model for criminal behavior, the traditional two-strategy inspection game yields counterintuitive results that fail to describe empirical data. The latter shows that crime is often recurrent and that crime rates do not respond linearly to mitigation attempts. A more apt model entails ordinary people who neither commit nor sanction crime as the third strategy besides the criminals and punishers. Since ordinary people free-ride on the sanctioning efforts of punishers, they may introduce cyclic dominance that enables the coexistence of all three competing strategies. In this setup ordinary individuals become the biggest impediment to crime abatement. We therefore also consider heterogeneous punisher strategies, which seek to reduce their investment into fighting crime in order to attain a more competitive payoff. We show that this diversity of punishment leads to an explosion of complexity in the system, where the benefits and pitfalls of criminal behavior are revealed in the most unexpected ways. Due to the raise and fall of different alliances no less than six consecutive phase transitions occur in dependence on solely the temptation to succumb to criminal behavior, leading the population from ordinary people-dominated across punisher-dominated to crime-dominated phases, yet always failing to abolish crime completely.
Land use changes and its driving forces in hilly ecological restoration area based on gis and rs of northern china
Authors: Gao Peng , Niu Xiang , Wang Bing , Zheng Yunlong
Published: June 2015

Land use change is one of the important aspects of the regional ecological restoration research. With remote sensing (RS) image in 2003, 2007 and 2012, using geographic information system (GIS) technologies, the land use pattern changes in Yimeng Mountain ecological restoration area in China and its driving force factors were studied. Results showed that: (1) Cultivated land constituted the largest area during 10 years and followed by forest land and grass land; cultivated land and unused land were reduced by 28.43% and 44.32%, whereas forest land, water area and land for water facilities and others were increased. (2) During 2003–2007, forest land change showed the largest, followed by unused land and grass land; however, during 2008–2012, water area and land for water facilities change showed the largest, followed by grass land and unused land. (3) Land use degree was above the average level, it was in the developing period during 2003–2007 and in the degenerating period during 2008–2012. (4) Ecological Restoration Projects can greatly change the micro topography, increase vegetation coverage and then induce significant changes in the land use distribution, which were the main driving force factors of the land use pattern change in the ecological restoration area.
Modelling the increased frequency of extreme sea levels in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta due to sea level rise and other effects of climate change
Authors: Kay S. , Caesar J. , Wolf J. , Bricheno L. , Nicholls R. J. , Saiful Islam A. K. M. , Haque A. , Pardaens A. , Lowe J. A.
Published: June 2015

A hydrodynamic model of the Bay of Bengal has been used to explore increasing frequency of extreme sea levels in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta over the 21st century.
Methane ice photochemistry and kinetic study using laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry at 20 K
Authors: Bossa J.-B. , Paardekooper D. M. , Isokoski K. , Linnartz H.
Published: June 2015

Laser Desorption Post-Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry is used to perform a systematic kinetic study on the pure methane photolysis in the condensed phase at 20 K and provides for the first time effective rate constants and branching ratios for primary processes leading to CH3, CH2, and CH radicals upon irradiation by VUV light in the 120–170 nm domain.
A highly efficient Ga/ZSM-5 catalyst prepared by formic acid impregnation and in situ treatment for propane aromatization
Authors: Xiao He , Zhang Junfeng , Wang Xiaoxing , Zhang Qingde , Xie Hongjuan , Han Yizhuo , Tan Yisheng
Published: June 2015

A highly efficient Ga/ZSM-5 catalyst prepared by formic acid impregnation and in situ treatment shows remarkably superior activity for propane aromatization.
Correlation between band alignment and enhanced photocatalysis: a case study with anatase/TiO2(B) nanotube heterojunction
Authors: Wang Changhua , Zhang Xintong , Wei Yongan , Kong Lina , Chang Feng , Zheng Han , Wu Liangzhuan , Zhi Jinfang , Liu Yichun
Published: June 2015

A type II band alignment and migration of electrons from anatase to TiO2(B) result in enhanced photocatalysis.
Efficient production of methanol and diols via the hydrogenation of cyclic carbonates using copper–silica nanocomposite catalysts
Authors: Liu Hailong , Huang Zhiwei , Han Zhaobin , Ding Kuiling , Liu Haichao , Xia Chungu , Chen Jing
Published: June 2015

Copper–silica nanocomposite catalysts have been found to be highly efficient and stable in the heterogeneous hydrogenation of CO2-derived cyclic carbonates to give methanol and diols under relatively mild conditions.
Mechanical differences of sickle cell trait (SCT) and normal red blood cells
Authors: Zheng Yi , Cachia Mark A. , Ge Ji , Xu Zhensong , Wang Chen , Sun Yu
Published: June 2015

Shear modulus and viscosity of sickle cell trait red blood cells and normal RBCs were measured under controlled oxygen conditions.
Mannitol-based acetal-linked porous organic polymers for selective capture of carbon dioxide over methane
Authors: Ding Xuesong , Li Hui , Zhao Yan-Chao , Han Bao-Hang
Published: June 2015

Synthesis of mannitol-based acetal-linked porous organic polymers with considerable CO2/CH4 selectivity is reported.
Applicability of linear polyethylenimine supported on nano-silica for the adsorption of CO2from various sources including dry air
Authors: Zhang Hang , Goeppert Alain , Prakash G. K. Surya , Olah George
Published: June 2015

Linear polyethylenimine impregnated on nano-silica as effective and easily regenerable CO2adsorbents for fast adsorption/desorption cycles.
Single-source mediated facile electrosynthesis of p-Cu2S thin films on TCO (SnO2:F) with enhanced photocatalytic activities
Authors: Mondal Gopinath , Jana Sumanta , Santra Ananyakumari , Acharjya Moumita , Bera Pradip , Chattopadhyay Dipankar , Mondal Anup , Bera Pulakesh
Published: June 2015

Electrosynthesis of Cu2S thin films on TCO using a single-source precursor, [Cu(mdpa)2][CuCl2]. Deposition of the thin films occurs with the optimization of precursor concentration.
Superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic mesh coating for efficient oil–water separation
Authors: Li Jianhua , Cheng Hei Man , Chan Ching Ying , Ng Pui Fai , Chen Lei , Fei Bin , Xin John H.
Published: June 2015

High efficiency of oil–water separation was easily achieved with reusable metal meshes coated by NiOOH nanoflake honeycomb network.
Synthesis and characterization of Pd–Ni core–shell nanocatalysts for alkaline glucose electrooxidation
Authors: Chen Cheng-Chuan , Chen Lin-Chi
Published: June 2015

Pdshell–Nicore electrocatalyst decorated carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Pd–Ni/C) are synthesized using a two-stage polyol method. Pd–Ni/C (1 : 0.06) provides the highest glucose electrocatalytic oxidation current density.
A new strategy for simultaneous determination of 4-aminophenol, uric acid and nitrite based on a graphene/hydroxyapatite composite modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Lavanya N. , Sudhan N. , Kanchana P. , Radhakrishnan S. , Sekar C.
Published: June 2015

A novel electrochemical sensor has been fabricated based on a graphene/hydroxyapatite composite modified GCE for the selective and simultaneous detection of 4-aminophenol, uric acid and nitrite ions (NO2−) by voltammetric method for the first time.
Increased active sites and their accessibility of a N-doped carbon nanotube carbocatalyst with remarkably enhanced catalytic performance in direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene
Authors: Zhao Zhongkui , Dai Yitao , Ge Guifang , Guo Xinwen , Wang Guiru
Published: June 2015

This work presents a facile, low-cost, but efficient strategy for synthesizing HN-CNTs with enlarged active sites and their accessibility to reactants for the direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene.
Carbohydrate-based activated carbon with high surface acidity and basicity for nickel removal from synthetic wastewater
Authors: Liu Hai , Zhang Jian , Ngo Huu Hao , Guo Wenshan , Wu Haiming , Cheng Cheng , Guo Zizhang , Zhang Chenglu
Published: June 2015

The feasibility of preparing activated carbon from carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose and starch) with H3PO4 activation was evaluated by comparing its physicochemical properties and Ni(ii) adsorption ability with a reference Phragmites australis-based activated carbon.
Preparation and characterization of high boiling solvent lignin-based polyurethane film with lignin as the only hydroxyl group provider
Authors: Jia Zhen , Lu Chunxiang , Zhou Pucha , Wang Lu
Published: June 2015

High boiling solvent (HBS) lignin-based polyurethane film was successfully fabricated with lignin as the only hydroxyl group provider.
Ultra-high dispersion NMR reveals new levels of detail
Authors: Aguilar Juan A. , Kiraly Peter , Adams Ralph W. , Bonneau Mickaëlle , Grayson Elizabeth J. , Nilsson Mathias , Kenwright Alan M. , Morris Gareth A.
Published: June 2015

Pure shift NMR techniques can provide exquisite resolution, enabling chemists to analyse samples that would otherwise require unrealistically high magnetic fields.
A microscopic Gibbs field model for the macroscopic yielding behaviour of a viscoplastic fluid
Authors: Sainudiin Raazesh , Moyers-Gonzalez Miguel , Burghelea Teodor
Published: June 2015

We present a Gibbs random field model for the microscopic interactions in a viscoplastic fluid.
Three-dimensional graphene oxide/polypyrrole composite electrodes fabricated by one-step electrodeposition for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Cao Jianyun , Wang Yaming , Chen Junchen , Li Xiaohong , Walsh Frank C. , Ouyang Jia-Hu , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu
Published: June 2015

The 3D interconnected structure of the GO/PPy composite ensures fast ion diffusion through the electrode, leading to excellent supercapacitor performance.
[3+3] Imine and β-ketoenamine tethered fluorescent covalent-organic frameworks for CO2 uptake and nitroaromatic sensing
Authors: Kaleeswaran D. , Vishnoi Pratap , Murugavel Ramaswamy
Published: June 2015

Two imine and β-ketoenamine linked [3+3] robust, porous and fluorescent covalent-organic frameworks, synthesized by solvothermal methods, have been found to be efficient for CO2 capture and detection of polynitroaromatic compounds.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(phenylene thioether)s containing pyrimidine units exhibiting high transparency, high refractive indices, and low birefringence
Authors: Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Imai Takayuki , Fu Mao-Chun , Ando Shinji , Higashihara Tomoya , Ueda Mitsuru
Published: June 2015

Novel poly(phenylene thioether)s containing pyrimidine rings and fluorene units in the main chain have been developed as promising candidates for thermoplastic lenses which are used for compensating chromatic aberration.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance through carrier scattering at heterojunction potentials in BiSbTe based composites with Cu3SbSe4 nanoinclusions
Authors: Li Yuanyue , Li Di , Qin Xiaoying , Yang Xiuhui , Liu Yongfei , Zhang Jian , Dou Yunchen , Song Chunjun , Xin Hongxing
Published: June 2015

Owing to enhanced power factor and reduced lattice thermal conductivity through interface scattering, a largest thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = 1.61 is achieved at 467 K for BiSbTe based composite with Cu3SbSe4 nanoinclusions.
Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Injury Severity Score System: A Literature Review of Its Safety
Authors: Joaquim Andrei Fernandes , de Almeida Bastos Dhiego Chaves , Jorge Torres Hélio Henrique , Patel Alpesh A.
Published: June 2015

Study Design

Systematic literature review.

Objective

The Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score System (TLICS) is widely used to help guide the treatment of thoracolumbar spine trauma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of the TLICS in clinical practice.

Methods

Using the Medline database without time restriction, we performed a systematic review using the keyword “Thoracolumbar Injury Classification,” searching for articles utilizing the TLICS. We classified the results according to their level of evidence and main conclusions.

Results

Nine articles met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. One article evaluated the safety of the TLICS based on its clinical application (level II). The eight remaining articles were based on retrospective application of the score, comparing the proposed treatment suggested by the TLICS with the treatment patients actually received (level III). The TLICS was safe in surgical and nonsurgical treatment with regards to neurologic status. Some studies reported that the retrospective application of the TLICS had inconsistencies with the treatment of burst fractures without neurologic deficits.

Conclusions

This literature review suggested that the TLICS use was safe especially with regards to preservation or improvement of neurologic function. Further well-designed multicenter prospective studies of the TLICS application in the decision making process would improve the evidence of its safety. Special attention to the TLICS application in the treatment of stable burst fractures is necessary.
Acoustic cloaking by extraordinary sound transmission
Authors: Zhao Jiajun , Chen Zhi Ning , Li Baowen , Qiu Cheng-Wei
Published: June 2015

Isotropic acoustic cloaking is proposed using density-near-zero materials for extraordinary sound transmission. The cloaking cell is made by single-piece homogeneous elastic copper, which can be detached and assembled arbitrarily. We theoretically and numerically demonstrate the cloaking performance by deploying density-near-zero cells in various ways in two-dimensional space as well as in acoustic waveguides. The density-near-zero material can make any inside objects imperceptible along undistorted sound paths. Individually and collectively, the cloaking cell maintains both the planar wavefront and the nearly perfect one-dimensional transmission, in presence of any inserted object. The overall cloaked space can be designed by adding cells without the limit of the total cloaked volume.
Syntheses of Cytosporones A, C, J, K, and N, Metabolites from Medicinal Fungi
Authors: Beekman Andrew M. , Barrow Russell A.
Published: June 2015

The syntheses of the fungal metabolites cytosporones A, (±)-C, and N are reported. And the syntheses of cytosporones J and K are described for the first time. The preparation of racemic cytosporone J and racemic cytosporone K, natural products containing the rare 3-isochromanone substructure, was achieved in 8 linear steps with an overall yield of 45 % and 7 linear steps in 46 % yield, respectively, resulting in the complete characterization of these compounds for the first time. The key steps included a recently described homologation of benzoic acid to the analogous phenyl acetate using Birch reductive alkylation conditions, acylation of the appropriate phenyl acetate derivative, and a selective reduction and spontaneous biomimetic lactonization to yield the 3-isochromanone skeleton. The synthesized natural products were evaluated for their biological activity against several clinical strains of human pathogens with all compounds displaying weak antimicrobial activity.
Optimal Feeding Level of Burbot Larvae Fed Artemia spp. and Reared under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Palińska-Żarska Katarzyna , Żarski Daniel , Krejszeff Sławomir , Kupren Krzysztof , Łączyńska Beata , Kucharczyk Dariusz
Published: June 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal feeding level of Burbot Lota lota larvae fed freshly hatched brine shrimp Artemia spp. nauplii during three different rearing periods: (1) 22–34 d posthatch (DPH), (2) 34–46 DPH, and (3) 46–58 DPH. The 36-d experiment was performed in an experimental recirculating aquaculture system in 1-L tanks. The stocking density was 100 individuals/L during the first and the second period, and 50 individuals/L during the third period. Temperature was 17.0 ± 0.1°C, and the photoperiod was 24 h (24 h light : 0 h dark) during the entire experiment. In each period, five experimental groups (in triplicates) were fed with a different ration: 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% of biomass/d. The feeding rations were calculated according to the dry matter of Artemia, and the larvae were fed 3 times/d. The feeding ration was determined each morning (for each tank) before first feeding based on wet body weight (WBW ± 0.01 g) measurements (following anesthesia in a 150-mg/L solution of MS-222 [tricaine methanesulfonate]) and after counting dead fish. The survival rate in all groups during the entire experiment was always above 90%. Results showed that after 22 DPH (WBW = 3.3–4.5 mg; –TL = 7.8–9.3 mm) and 46 DPH (WBW = 92.8–110.4 mg; TL = 21.8–22.3 mm), Burbot larvae must receive a dose of 4% of biomass of Artemia nauplii dry matter (p < 0.05). After 34 DPH (WBW = 19.0–25.7 mg; TL = 11.9–13.6 mm), the optimal dose would be 6% of biomass (p < 0.05). These results could positively impact the economic effectiveness of intensive Burbot larviculture and be useful to both aquaculturists and scientists.