bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, China, 2006–2020
Authors: Lin Zhezhe , Yu Jianhua , Liu Shourong , Zhu Mingli
Published: February 2022

Objective

This study analyzed the characteristics and tendencies of resistance to common antibiotics for Klebsiella pneumoniae to provide a basis for clinical treatment and prevention.

Methods

A total of 71,743 isolates were collected from hospital clinical specimens following standard procedures from 2006 to 2020. Statistical analyses were conducted on laboratory test results.

Results

A total of 3054 isolates of K. pneumoniae were mainly isolated from sputum (53.77%), urine (14.70%), and blood (8.42%). Isolation rates of strains in the AIDS, hepatology, and intensive care wards were 9.72%, 12.52%, and 16.45%, respectively. Resistance rates of imipenem, cefazolin, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime respectively increased from 2.33%, 27.91%, 16.28%, 13.95%, 18.60%, and 9.30% to 12.83%, 40.82%, 21.57%, 25.07%, 44.61%, and 17.78%, while piperacillin–tazobactam resistance decreased from 13.95% to 13.70%. Differences in resistance rates to seven antibiotics were significant among specimen types. Detection rates of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae were significantly different among blood, sputum, and urine specimens, and between wards.

Conclusions

The prevalence and drug resistance of K. pneumoniae showed an upward trend over time, and resistance varied according to ward and specimen source. The prevention of nosocomial infections and rational drug use must be emphasized to reduce antimicrobial resistance.
Sox9, Hopx, and survivin and tuft cell marker DCLK1 expression in normal canine intestine and in intestinal adenoma and adenocarcinoma
Authors: Reineking Wencke , Schauerte Ida E. , Junginger Johannes , Hewicker-Trautwein Marion
Published: February 2022

Self-renewal of the intestinal epithelium originates from stem cells located at the crypt base. Upregulation of various stem cell markers in intestinal epithelial neoplasms indicates a potential role of stem cells in tumorigenesis. In this study, the immunoreactivity of potential intestinal stem cell markers ( Sry box transcription factor 9 [Sox9], homeodomain-only protein [Hopx], survivin) and tuft cell marker doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) in normal canine intestine and intestinal epithelial neoplasms was investigated. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) small and large intestine as well as intestinal neoplasms (55 colorectal adenomas [CRAs], 17 small intestinal adenocarcinomas [SICs], and 12 colorectal adenocarcinomas [CRCs]) were analyzed immunohistologically. Potential stem cell markers Sox9, Hopx, and survivin were detected in the crypts of normal canine small and large intestine. DCLK1+ tuft cells were present in decreasing numbers along the crypt-villus axis of the jejunum and rarely detectable in large intestine. In canine intestinal epithelial tumors, nuclear Sox9 immunoreactivity was detectable in 84.9% (CRA), 80% (CRC), and 77% of epithelial neoplastic cells (SIC). Hopx and survivin were expressed within cytoplasm and nuclei of neoplastic cells in benign and malignant tumors. DCLK1 showed a cytoplasmic reaction within neoplastic cells. The combined score of Hopx, DCLK1, and survivin varied among the examined cases. Overall, malignant tumors showed lower DCLK1 scores but higher Hopx scores in comparison with benign tumors. For survivin, no differences were detectable. In conclusion, stem cell markers Sox9, Hopx, and survivin were detectable at the crypt base and the immunoreactivity of Sox9, DCLK1, survivin, and Hopx was increased in canine intestinal adenomas and adenocarcinomas compared with normal mucosa.
In situ squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva and nictitating membrane associated with Felis catus papillomavirus type 3 in a cat
Authors: Munday John S. , Hardcastle Michael , Dally Naomi
Published: February 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are common cancers of cats. While papillomaviruses (PVs) are an important cause of human OSCCs, there is currently little evidence that PVs cause squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the mouth or other mucosal surfaces in cats. In the present cat, in situ carcinomas developed on the gingiva and nictitating membrane. Neoplastic cells within both cancers contained prominent PV-induced cellular changes consistent with those caused by Felis catus PV3 (FcaPV3), and FcaPV3 DNA was amplified from both cancers. Neoplasms also contained intense nuclear and cytoplasmic p16CDKN2A protein (p16) immunolabeling, suggesting PV-induced degradation of retinoblastoma protein. The molecular and histological features strongly suggested the cancers were caused by FcaPV3 infection. This is the first report of an association between PV infection and the development of an in situ carcinoma of the mucosa of cats. The identification of these lesions suggests that PVs might cause a proportion of OSCCs, and SCCs from other mucosal surfaces, in cats.
Priestly Disability and Centralization of the Cult in the Holiness Code
Authors: Fuad Chelcent
Published: February 2022

This article analyzes how the notion of priestly disability in Lev. 21.16–23 is used in the Holiness Code (H) to construct social identity, shape culture, and organize the society of ancient Israel based on the cultural model of disability. The present study finds that the laws concerning the disabled priests were used in H as a strategy for reconstructing and narrating a new social order, namely, the centralized cult. Although the disabled priests, in contrast to able-bodied priests, were marginalized insofar as they were banned from the most elite rites, they maintained a higher status in the cult compared to other groups in both the priestly and non-priestly communities. Thus, their unique priesthood status was affirmed regardless of their disability. Furthermore, by reinforcing the idea of the officiating priests as the normate image, H’s discourse on priestly disability centralized the authority in the cult of ancient Israel and granted power to the priests.
Cognitive Factors of Weight Management During Pregnancy Among Chinese Women: A Study Applying Protective Motivation Theory
Authors: Peng Xue-Qing , Yang Ni , Zhang Chi , Walker Anita Nyarkoa , Shen Yi-Zhan , Jiang Hua , Li Sen , You Hua , Zhou Hua , Wang Li
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the psychological cognitive factors of weight management during pregnancy based on protective motivation theory (PMT).

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Participants were recruited at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.

Sample

A sample of 533 pregnant women was enrolled in the study.

Measures

Measures was a self-design questionnaire, comprising of demographics, cognition of weight management during pregnancy, and weight management behavior during pregnancy.

Analysis

Structural equation modeling was used to examine the weight management’s cognitive factors, path relationships, and the influence of maternal characteristics.

Results

Self-efficacy cognition could promote gestational weight management behavior (b = .22, P < .001), but response cost cognition hindered gestational weight management (b = −.21, P < .001). Parity moderated pregnant women’s self-efficacy cognition (diff b = .24, P < .01), where the self-efficacy of nullipara promoted weight management behaviors, but the self-efficacy of multipara had no significant effect. Also, the response cost factors stably existed in primipara and multipara groups, with multipara, being positively affected by response efficacy ( b = .15, P < .05).

Conclusion

Findings highlight the need for psychological and cognitive interventions. Intervention strategies that focus on enabling women to correctly understand response cost and make an active response, improve self-efficacy cognition especially among primipara, and strengthening multipara’s response efficacy among pregnant are required.
Developing Fact Finders: A Mobile Game for Overcoming Intractable Conflicts
Authors: Nicolaidou Iolie , Egenfeldt-Nielsen Simon , Zupančič Rok , Hajslund Sara , Milioni Dimitra L.
Published: February 2022

This study describes the design of a serious game for social change (“Fact Finders”) that presents intergroup conflicts through historical inquiry and multiperspectivity. A pre-test post-test experimental design examined the game’s effect on undergraduates’ perceptions of conflicts in history. Participants included 97 Greek Cypriots (direct parties of the conflict) and 79 Slovenians (third parties of the conflict) who interacted with and evaluated the game online. Data sources included a 17-item questionnaire on perceptions of conflicts in history and gameplay learning analytics data. Findings indicated that both groups’ perceptions for historical source evaluation and understanding multiperspectivity changed significantly after the game. The game significantly changed perceptions about the constructedness of history and the ability to overcome their country’s troubled past only for direct parties of the conflict. The study provides empirical evidence demonstrating the potential value of serious games for affecting young people’s perceptions of intractable intergroup conflicts and their desire to overcome troubled pasts.
A Difference-in-Difference Analysis of Shifts in Postsecondary Institution Spending Patterns in Response to “Promise” Financial Aid Programs
Authors: Delaney Jennifer A. , Hemenway Bradley
Published: February 2022

Using a panel dataset from 2000 to 2014, this paper employs a difference-in-difference design to consider the impact of the introduction of a “promise program” on postsecondary institutions’ internal spending levels and patterns. We find that promise programs influence postsecondary institutional behavior in every area we tested: student-related and non-student-related expenditure levels and shares. We find decreases in student-related expenditure areas at 2-year institutions, but no significant change at 4-years. Non-student-related expenditures are mixed at 2-years with levels of expenditures increasing for auxiliary but decreasing in public service areas. By contrast public service expenditures increase at 4-years. Shares of expenses also shift with declining spending on student services but increased institutional support at 2-years. However, there are no changes to the share of expenses at 4-years. Overall, we find that 2- and 4-year institutions react differently to the introduction of a promise program, with the greatest impact at 2-years.

JEL Classifications: I22, I23
Association of Weight at Different Ages and All-Cause Mortality Among Older Adults in the US
Authors: Berry Kaitlyn M. , Garcia Sarah , Warren John Robert , Stokes Andrew C.
Published: February 2022

Objective: Assess the association of BMI and BMI change with mortality. Methods: Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) on participants born mainly in 1939 ( n=4922), we investigated the associations between various measures of BMI across the life course (age 54 BMI; age 65 BMI; age 72 BMI; lifetime maximum BMI; BMI change between ages 54 and 65; BMI change between ages 65 and 72) and mortality. We also assessed whether these associations are mediated by late life health. Results: BMI at age 54 was more strongly associated with late life mortality than BMI at older ages. The association between BMI change and mortality varied based on the timing of weight change. Health at age 72, particularly self-rated health, diabetes, and physical functioning, mediated the observed associations. Conclusion: Knowing older people’s weight at midlife and how their weight has changed may be more important in assessing late life mortality risk than their current weight.
A method to improve position accuracy for the dual-drive feed machines by state-dependent friction compensation
Authors: Liu Qi , Lu Hong , Zhang Xinbao , Zhang Yongquan , Wang Yongjing , Li Zhangjie , Duan Meng
Published: February 2022

Due to high stiffness and quick response, dual-drive feed machines (DDFMs) are widely used in many precision CNC machines. The tracking errors of the two feed drives directly determine the machines’ accuracy. The performance of the position accuracy can be easily affected by the difference in the friction dynamic characteristics of the two axes. This paper proposes the state-dependent friction compensation (SFC) as an improved DDFMs error compensation method that can achieve better accuracy under unequal friction on the two feed drives. It is theoretically analyzed the influence of friction on the transmission stiffness of DDFMs. Moreover, the effects of time-varying factors (feed rates and mechanical structures) on the friction of dual axes are discussed. The innovation of the paper is that the SFC can adaptively take into account the influence of the variable dual-drive structure and feed rate on DDFMs’ position accuracy, and the compensation method combined with cross-coupled strategy is suitable for general dual-drive structure. Simulation and experiment results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the synchronization accuracy and tracking accuracy in a variety of feed operations (different feed rates, starting, and reversing).
Evolution of lower-order vibration mode of the slender ball screw feed system
Authors: Wang Chensheng , Zhao Yanqin , Liu Hongda , Guo Yonghao , Niu Wentie
Published: February 2022

Dynamic performance characterized by lower-order natural frequency and lower-order vibration mode is vital for the dynamic positioning accuracy of the ball screw feed system. This paper focuses on the evolution between the lateral vibration mode and the axial vibration mode of the slender ball screw feed system (SBSFS). Firstly, it is proved the first-order vibration mode transformation of the SBSFS is subject to the position of the nut based on an elastodynamic model. This model is established using substructure synthesis method considering the axial, torsional, and lateral deformation of the screw simultaneously through dealing with the screw as Timoshenko Beam elements. By comparing with the experimental results, the validity and accuracy of the established dynamic model are verified. The effects of the stiffness of the kinematic joints on the dynamic performance of SBSFS are then analyzed. The results demonstrate that the dynamic behavior evolution of the SBSFS undergoes the coupling effects from the kinematics joints’ stiffness. Furthermore, a dynamic index ( RSP) is proposed considering the evolution of the first-order vibration mode. On the basis of RSP, three optimization schemes are illustrated. The results show that the RSP can be used to evaluate the dynamic performance of the SBSFS considering the vibration mode.
Intake grille design for an embedded ventilation-and-cooling system in an aircraft
Authors: Mi Bai-gang , Huang Heyuan
Published: February 2022

An inlet grille typically needs to be installed at the inlet of the air intake of the ventilation-and-cooling system embedded in airborne electronic equipment to improve pneumatic stealth performance. Here, a typical flying wing model is used as a case study, and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is performed. The flow resistance characteristics of the air intake of the opening of the ventilation-and-cooling system on a flat fuselage surface with and without an inlet grille are analyzed at different flow rates and Mach 0.25. The effects of the grille opening shape, diversion angle, thickness, aperture size, and hole shape on the flow resistance characteristics are investigated in detail. The grille is found to effectively guide airflow entry: although the flow resistance at the inlet is increased, the flow resistance at the inlet and outlet of the air intake is significantly reduced. The optimal developments of the outflow and flow resistance characteristics are obtained for a quadrilateral opening. The smaller the diversion angle is, the smoother the airflow entry, and the higher the quality of the internal airflow. The rectification, viscous resistance, and weight exhibit opposing trends with increasing thickness and must be comprehensively considered in designing an optimal scheme. A large-aperture grille ensures good flow patency at low flow rates, whereas a small-aperture grille can reduce flow perturbations and separation at high flow rates by smoothly guiding air into the intake. A grille with round holes has a better spanwise and chordwise balancing effect on the airflow and better flow resistance characteristics than a grille with diamond-shaped holes.
An analytical investigation of transient imperfectly expanded turbulent jet
Authors: Ghahremani Amirreza , Aramfard Mohammad , Saidi Mohammad Hassan
Published: February 2022

Supersonic turbulent high-pressure jet flows, which are discharging in low-pressure quiescent ambient, are recognized as imperfectly expanded turbulent jet. Steady-state imperfectly expanded jet flow has been already studied analytically; however, the transient flow has not been thoroughly studied. In the present study, the transient imperfectly expanded jet flow with focus on fuel spray in combustion is investigated analytically employing two-step separation of variables method and Fourier-Bessel expansion. The results are validated using available experimental data. The effects of different parameters such as eddy viscosity and pressure ratio on the behavior of the jet are studied. Results show that increasing the eddy viscosity decreases the velocity magnitude and required time to reach fully developed jet. Increasing the pressure ratio almost linearly increases the required time to reach steady state. The density distribution which affects the combustion performance is reported for different axial and radial positions. In the transient region, tip penetration is obtained and validated with the experimental results in the literature, and the velocity profile at different times is presented. The simplicity and accuracy are key advantages of the developed method compared with the experimental and numerical methods. The analytical method proposed in the present research helps to understand the behavior of jet flows from transient to steady state condition without using expensive and time-consuming numerical or experimental techniques.
Age Adjusted Comorbidity Risk Index Does Not Predict Outcomes in an Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Population
Authors: Barth Dylan , Singleton Michael , Monohan Gregory , McClune Brian , Adams Val
Published: February 2022

The hematopoietic comorbidity risk index (HCT-CI) is a pre-transplant risk assessment tool used to prognosticate morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Recently, the HCT-CI was updated to include an age component (HCT-CI-age). Although other studies have validated this tool in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients, it has never been studied in an autologous transplant patient population. We retrospectively reviewed 181 patients who underwent their first autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant. We aimed (1) to assess whether an HCT-CI score of 3 or greater is associated with greater mean transplant hospital days, greater total hospital days, or greater risk of intensive care unit (ICU) utilization and (2) whether age influences any of these responses independent of HCT-CI. There were 136 patients with an HCT-CI score of 3 or higher and 45 with a score less than 3. The length of initial transplant hospitalization in days was not statistically significant (15.6 v 16.4 days, P = 0.38). Utilizing spline modeling prediction curves, transplant hospital days were estimated to increase from a mean of 15.5 days for a patient with 4 comorbidities to a mean of 22.7 days for a patient with 8 comorbidities. Age made no significant impact on any of the outcomes. The HCT-CI, with or without age, in an autologous stem cell transplantation did not predict length of hospitalization or utilization of the ICU. Patients with higher-HCT-CI scores at baseline may incrementally utilize more resources, and this should be explored in a larger cohort population.
Anticipating demand shocks: Patient capital and the supply of housing
Authors: Brill Frances , Raco Mike , Ward Callum
Published: February 2022

‘Patient capital’ is presented by many policymakers as a panacea to address domestic (and sometimes city-level) gaps in financing urban development, particularly housing, that emerged in the post-2008 credit crunch. In this article, we analyse the complexities of patient investors’ entry into residential markets in London and their response to the first major, and unexpected, crisis of demand: the COVID-19 pandemic and immediate falls in market demand. We focus on how patient capital and the firms invested in the professionalised rental market, build to rent (BTR), have responded. We highlight three main responses: (1) advancing their lobbying efforts to secure a more supportive political environment; (2) protecting their income streams by offering new payment plans and adaptability to prevent void rates; (3) turning to a ‘reserve army’ of renters backed by the state – so-called Key Workers (KWs). We argue these demonstrate a continual and co-evolutionary dimension to policy promoting patient capital and the need for patient planning to govern patient investment in housing systems. Our findings are in ‘real-time’ and highlight the importance of structural uncertainties and the breakdown of long-term assumptions in shaping investment decisions.
Three dimensional patient-specific guides for guide pin positioning in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: An experimental study on different glenoid types
Authors: Mohammad Sadeghi Majid , Kececi Emin Faruk , Kapicioglu Mehmet , Aralasmak Ayse , Tezgel Okan , Basaran Murat Alper , Yildiz Fatih , Bilsel Kerem
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Incorrect positioning is one of the main factors for glenoid component loosening in reverse shoulder arthroplasty and component placement can be challenging. This study aimed to assess whether Patient-Specific Instrumentation (PSI) provides better guide pin positioning accuracy and is superior to standard guided and freehand instrumentation methods in cases of glenoid bone deformity.

Materials and Methods

Based on the Walch classification, five different scapula types were acquired by computed tomography (CT). For each type, two different surgeons placed a guide pin into the scapula using three different methods: freehand method, conventional non-patient-specific guide, and PSI guide. Each method was repeated five times by both surgeons. In these experiments, a total of 150 samples of scapula models were used (5 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 150). Post-operative CT scans of the samples with the guide pin were digitally assessed and the accuracy of the pin placement was determined by comparison to the preoperative planning on a three-dimensional (3D) model.

Results

The PSI method showed accuracies to the preoperative plan of 2.68 (SD 2.10) degrees for version angle ( p < .05), 2.59 (SD 2.68) degrees for inclination angle ( p < .05), and 1.55 (SD 1.26) mm for entry point offset ( p < .05). The mean and standard deviation errors compared to planned values of version angle, inclination angle, and entry point offset were statistically significant for the PSI method for the type C defected glenoid and non-arthritic glenoid.

Conclusion

Using the PSI guide created by an image processing software tool for guide pin positioning showed advantages in glenoid component positioning over other methods, for defected and intact glenoid types, but correlation with clinical outcomes should be examined.
Retrospective review for procedural sedation and analgesia in paediatric patients in urgent care centre in a local private hospital in Hong Kong
Authors: Yim Anfernee Kin-ming , Ng Man-ho , Kwok Sirius Shing-lam , Lo Doretta
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Procedural sedation and analgesia in children refer to the use of pharmacological measures to facilitate the management of painful procedures or emergency imaging, usually in emergency setting by non-anaesthetists. Emergency clinicians, nurses, patients and caregivers all have their roles to play in providing a safe sedation practice in the busy emergency department.

Method:

We did a retrospective review of all procedural sedation and analgesia done in patients below the age of 12 in our urgent care centre from October 2018 to August 2019.

Results:

There were 144 patients being identified in our review. Majority of them received intramuscular ketamine ranging from 2 to 4 mg/kg. There was no documented severe adverse effect in our review.

Conclusion:

Paediatric procedural sedation and analgesia is generally safe, efficient, adequate and facilitate early patient discharge.
Mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of cylindrical and prismatic rock specimens under various confining stresses
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Su Guoshao , Jiang Quan , Pan Pengzhi , Huang Xiaohua , Jiang Jianqing
Published: February 2022

Although cylindrical and prismatic specimens are often used in laboratory tests, the differences between their deformation and failure characteristics remain unclear. Cylindrical and prismatic specimens of two rocks (marble and granite) were analyzed under various conventional triaxial conditions. The failed prismatic specimens exhibit multiple fractures intersecting in the cross section. With increasing confining pressure, the failure mode of the prismatic specimen changes from tensile failure to shear failure. In the progressive failure process of prismatic specimens, the two lateral strains ε2 and ε3 are the same before the peak, but some differences arise after some degree of post-peak failure, where the acoustic emission (AE) activity clearly increases. The mechanical parameters (peak strength, internal friction angle, cohesion, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio) determined for the cylindrical and prismatic specimens are consistent. However, a significant difference in the fracture morphology exists among them, even with similar change trends in the tensile-shear failure mode with confining pressure.
Glucose Influences the Response of Glioblastoma Cells to Temozolomide and Dexamethasone
Authors: Bielecka-Wajdman Anna M , Ludyga Tomasz , Smyk Daria , Smyk Wojciech , Mularska Magdalena , Świderek Patrycja , Majewski Wojciech , Mullins Christina Susanne , Linnebacher Michael , Obuchowicz Ewa
Published: February 2022

Objective

Current research indicates that weakness of glucose metabolism plays an important role in silencing of invasiveness and growth of hypoxic tumors such as GBM. Moreover, there are indications that DXM, frequently used in treatment, may support GBM energy metabolism and provoke its recurrence.

Methods

We carried out in vitro experiments on the commercial T98G cell line and two primary GBM lines (HROG02, HROG17) treated with TMZ and/or DXM in physiological oxygen conditions for GBM (2.5% oxygen) and for comparison, in standard laboratory conditions (20% oxygen). The influence of different glucose levels on selected malignancy features of GBM cells-cellular viability and division, dynamic of cell culture changes, colony formation and concentration of InsR have been elevated.

Results

Under 2.5% oxygen and high glucose concentration, an attenuated cytotoxic effect of TMZ and intensification of malignancy features in all glioblastoma cell lines exposed to DXM was seen. Furthermore, preliminary retrospective analysis to assess the correlation between serum glucose levels and Ki-67 expression in surgical specimens derived from patients with GBM (IV) treated with radio-chemotherapy and prophylactic DXM therapy was performed.

Conclusion

The data suggest a link between the in vitro study results and clinical data. High glucose can influence on GBM progression through the promotion of the following parameters: cell viability, dispersal, InsR expression and cell proliferation (Ki-67). However, this problem needs more studies and explain the mechanism of action studied drugs.
Study on the impedance dynamics and control of the active suspensions based on the equilibrium trajectory error
Authors: Chen Qiang , Zhuang Ye , Zhao Jiaqi , Li Bo , Fan Weiguang
Published: February 2022

A novel approach to design the controller of the active suspension is presented in light of the suspensions’ mechanical impedance dynamics, where the sprung-mass kinematic states, including acceleration, velocity, and displacement are comprehensively modeled considering the concept of suspension mechanical impedance. The proposed impedance controller is designed by tracking the equilibrium trajectory error of the sprung-mass states. The approximate transfer function of the active suspension is derived for choosing the parameters of the virtual mechanical impedance system. The numerical simulation of the suspension amplitude–frequency response is carried out, which demonstrates that the virtual mass and damping parameters have greater influence than the virtual spring parameter. The ride comfort of the suspension controlled by the designed impedance control behaves well in a wide range of road conditions, and the road holding with it is even better than that with the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control especially around the second-order resonance frequency. The numerical simulation and experimental comparison all demonstrate that the proposed impedance control law, which does not strictly rely on the suspension parameters, could achieve a better power economy and road holding than that of the LQR control.
Adaptive finite-time command-filtered backstepping sliding mode control for stabilization of a disturbed rotary-inverted-pendulum with experimental validation
Authors: Mofid Omid , Alattas Khalid A , Mobayen Saleh , Vu Mai The , Bouteraa Yassine
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the finite-time stabilization of the disturbed and uncertain rotary-inverted-pendulum system is studied based on the adaptive backstepping sliding mode control procedure. For this purpose, first of all, the dynamical equation of the rotary-inverted-pendulum system is obtained in the state-space form in the existence of external disturbances and model uncertainties with unknown bound. Afterward, a novel command filter is defined to enhance the control strategy by consideration of a virtual control input. Therefore, the differential signal is replaced by the output of the command filter to reduce the complicated computing in the control process. Hence, the finite-time convergence of the sliding surface to the origin is attested by using the backstepping sliding mode control scheme according to the Lyapunov theory. Besides, the unknown upper bound of the exterior perturbation and uncertainty is approximated providing the adaptive control technique. Finally, simulations and experimental results are done to demonstrate the impression and proficiency of the suggested method.
Perceptions of ACT Team Members on the Implementation of Physical Health Services: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Reardon Brandy , Toles Mark , Cuddeback Gary , Travers Debbie
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:

Adults with severe mental illnesses have mortality rates 2.5 to 3 times higher than the general population, largely due to medical illnesses. Those with the most profound mental illnesses are served by assertive community treatment (ACT) teams that provide intensive mental health care; however, there are no clearly established models to integrate physical health treatment into ACT and this is a critical gap in the literature.

AIMS:

To describe perceptions of ACT team members regarding services provided for their clients to treat physical health, how those services can be improved, and what implementation strategies would likely be needed to promote uptake and sustainability of those services on ACT teams.

METHOD:

Qualitative interviews were conducted via Zoom using a semistructured interview guide with 19 employees from three ACT teams in a southeastern state. Interview transcripts were analyzed, using manifest content analysis, a form of qualitative analysis, to identify key themes in the interview transcripts.

RESULTS:

ACT team members described limited physical health services for their clients. They reported (1) system-level barriers to improving physical health care, such as inadequate tools and training; and (2) patient-level barriers, such as limited awareness of physical care needs. ACT team members reported the need for additional medical staff and strengthened relationships with primary care providers. They also recommended changes in policy, education, and quality monitoring to implement new physical health care services.

CONCLUSIONS:

Findings suggest intervention components and implementation strategies for improving physical health care of ACT consumers.
Review of literature on eco-friendly sandwich structures made of non-wood cellulose fibers
Authors: Kamarian Saeed , Song Jung Il
Published: February 2022

In recent years, concerns about environmental pollution have led to the development of natural fiber sandwich structures as alternatives to petroleum-based ones. This paper reviews various studies on sandwich structures composed of non-wood cellulose-nature fibers. These fibers mainly include flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, sisal, coir, and bamboo. The studies are classified based on the type of fibers, the components in which they are used, and experimental tests/numerical investigations. Furthermore, a few suggestions for future research in the field of eco-friendly sandwich structures are made.
The Gendered Dynamics of Sexting as Boundary Work
Authors: Perry Kelsea , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Adorjan Michael
Published: February 2022

‘Sexting’ as a form of sexual expression and experimentation has grown increasingly ubiquitous among teens. In addition to fostering intimacy and closeness among selected partners, sexting between minors incurs considerable risks to youth mental, physical, social and emotional wellbeing. Current debates on sexting focus on the conflicting role of pressure and pleasure among youth. We highlight findings from 35 focus groups with Canadian teens examining attitudes and experiences with cyber-risk and sexting. Our results show that youth demarcate boundaries between public and private and an ordered/disordered sense of self as they seek intimacy with others through the exchange of explicit digital material. Drawing on recent conceptual and theoretical work on image-based sexual abuse, we suggest that teens express situated agency when reflecting on sexting, indicating only partial awareness of wider patriarchal contexts mediating and patterning gendered behaviours involved in sexting and its outcomes.
Vascular access unit: Six-years experience report in France
Authors: Scimò Michele , Vallecorsa Irene , Cini Antoine , Cabelguenne Delphine , Piriou Vincent
Published: February 2022

Background:

The role of nurses in peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) placement has been limited in France. Having a fully trained nurse-led PICC team can positively impact nursing profession and make better use of valuable human and economic healthcare resources. It can also improve the standards of patient’s care, procedural experience, and safety.

Aim:

The aim of this article is to report the successful outcomes of nurse-led PICC team performed over a 6-year period from a single central hospital in France.

Methods:

The authors reviewed all PICCs insertions performed by their trained nurse led team between 2014 and 2019. All quantitative and qualitative variables were considered: the patients admitted, the type of PICC inserted, overall procedural time, the mentor’s help, the insert failures, the number of punctures required, the procedural pain utilizing Visual Analog Scale (VAS), any procedural complications, chest X-rays needed, the follow up to the eighth day (D8).

Results:

From 2014 to 2019, 12,687 PICC were inserted with 128 failed procedures (1%). In 2019, 73% of procedural insertion time was less than 10 min. The request of support rapidly decreased to 2 calls/month. More than 90% of procedures were associated with mild pain (VAS ⩽ 3). After the first month of training, 81% of all procedures were performed with a single insertion puncture. Accidental artery puncture during procedure was 0.5%. The authors found room for improvement, progressing from 97% in the first year to 99% in 2019. Furthermore, the authors found that only 1.85% of all catheters developed local infection within D8, and only 0.83% evolved in vein thrombosis. Total bloodstream infection was at 0.1%.

Conclusion:

The authors report successful outcomes from data collected during the 6-year period demonstrating clear benefits of a nurse-led vascular access team with regard to system wide efficiencies and patient satisfaction.
Decoding Human Genome Regulatory Features That Influence HIV-1 Proviral Expression and Fate Through an Integrated Genomics Approach
Authors: Ruess Holly , Lee Jeon , Guzman Carlos , Malladi Venkat S , D’Orso Iván
Published: February 2022

Fundamental principles of HIV-1 integration into the human genome have been revealed in the past 2 decades. However, the impact of the integration site on proviral transcription and expression remains poorly understood. Solving this problem requires the analysis of multiple genomic datasets for thousands of proviral integration sites. Here, we generated and combined large-scale datasets, including epigenetics, transcriptome, and 3-dimensional genome architecture to interrogate the chromatin states, transcription activity, and nuclear sub-compartments around HIV-1 integrations in Jurkat CD4+ T cells to decipher human genome regulatory features shaping the transcription of proviral classes based on their position and orientation in the genome. Through a Hidden Markov Model and ranked informative values prior to a machine learning logistic regression model, we defined nuclear sub-compartments and chromatin states contributing to genomic architecture, transcriptional activity, and nucleosome density of regions neighboring the integration site, as additive features influencing HIV-1 expression. Our integrated genomics approach also allows for a robust experimental design, in which HIV-1 can be genetically introduced into precise genomic locations with known regulatory features to assess the relationship of integration positions to viral transcription and fate.
‘Maybe it’s culture and maybe it isn’t’: An ethnographic study of sensemaking, culture and performance in a multicultural team
Authors: Means Ann , Mackenzie Davey Kate
Published: February 2022

Links between cultural diversity and team performance remain unclear despite extensive research. This study critiques essentialist ‘Input-Process-Output’ logics to focus on team members’ sensemaking. Using observation and interview data from an ethnographic study of an Indian-German team over an 18-month high-pressure project, we used thematic analysis and event sequencing to map sensemaking of culture and performance over time. Team members initially constructed a prospective frame linking stereotypes of cultural difference to performance, which plausibly explained problems while protecting identity. This frame proved resistant to updating. While overt conflict was avoided, the failure to confront difficulties closed down alternative explanations and prevented innovation and learning. Team performance was evaluated both positively and negatively reflecting ongoing ambiguity around performance. The role of culture in performance was only challenged post-project after time for reflection. The longitudinal, ethnographic approach enables this research to contribute to sensemaking by demonstrating the importance of prospective framing and highlighting the role of identity and plausibility in resisting updating frames. We argue that essentialist conceptions of the unequivocal positive or negative outcome of cultural diversity as ‘double-edged sword’ should be reframed to stress agency and the importance of facilitating conditions for learning in multicultural teams.
Local political party presence online
Authors: Whitesell Anne , Reuning Kevin , Hannah A. Lee
Published: February 2022

Political parties use the internet, and social media in particular, for fundraising, advertising, and mobilizing to achieve desirable ends. Local parties are first and foremost organizations, and so as they make their decisions, they have to use their resources wisely. Through our analysis of over 6000 county-level Democratic and Republican parties in the United States, we find a high degree of variation in the use of social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram) by parties. In explaining this variation, we focus on parties as organizations and so find the choice to use social media and their overall activity on it reflects the resources available to the party organization, as well as the size of potential audience and the competitiveness of their political environment. These variables explain local Democratic parties better than they explain local Republican parties.
Using systematic reviews to inform environmental policy-making
Authors: Miljand Matilda , Eckerberg Katarina
Published: February 2022

There is a demand for scientific knowledge to make informed decisions in environmental policy. This study examines expectations of knowledge use, and how knowledge stemming from systematic reviews (SR) is being used through an analytical framework that distinguishes between instrumental, conceptual and legitimising evaluation use, as well as between process and product use. Empirically, we investigate knowledge generated from six SRs conducted through the Mistra Council for Evidence-based Environmental Management from the perspectives of those carrying out the SR and their targeted stakeholders. Our study reveals ways in which SRs are used and some characteristics that improve and some that hamper their usefulness. While the systematic method and the comprehensiveness of the SRs contribute positively to the usefulness, we found that the SRs produced were simultaneously too focused (lacking multiple perspectives), and too general (providing evidence on the effects of an intervention only at the general level) thereby restricting their usefulness. The time and resources it takes to produce an SR can also affect its usefulness compared to a traditional review.
Herpes simplex virus reactivation in patients with COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chiesa Alessandro F , Pallanza Micol , Martinetti Gladys , Lanzi Fabio , Previsdomini Marco , Pagnamenta Alberto , Elzi Luigia
Published: February 2022

Background

There is a paucity of data about the occurrence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation among patients with severe COVID-19 presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods

We performed a nested case-control study among a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with ARDS. Between March and April 2020, all consecutive mechanically ventilated patients ≥18 years old with a positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2 on mucocutaneous samples were included in the study. We collected data on demographics, medical history, laboratory variables, administration of antivirals and other agents, respiratory and organ support procedures, microbiological results, and management of ARDS with prone positioning and the use of steroids. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression models were performed in order to identify predictors of HSV reactivation.

Results

Eighty-three patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted to the ICU for mechanical ventilation. 18/83 (21.7%) patients developed mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus reactivation after a median of 17 days (IQR, 14–20). Prone positioning was the only independent risk factor for HSV reactivation (adj. hazard ratios, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.11–2.30; P = 0.009). All patients with mucocutaneous HSV reactivation were treated with antivirals. The outcome in terms of ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-related bloodstream infections, and in-hospital mortality was similar for patients with and without HSV reactivation.

Conclusions

HSV reactivation is frequent in COVID-19 patients with ARDS, especially if prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation with prone positioning is needed. Prompt testing for HSV and initiation of antiviral therapy should be performed in case of mucocutaneous lesions in this population.
Ideological responses to the breaking of COVID-19 social distancing recommendations
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Rhodes Darren
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 has plagued the globe since January 2020, infecting millions and claiming the lives of several hundreds of thousands (at the time of writing). Despite this, many individuals have ignored public health guidance and continued to socialize in groups. Emergent work has highlighted the potential role that ideology plays in such behavior, and judgements of it. In response to this contemporary cultural phenomenon, we tested whether judgements of those allegedly flouting the guidance on social distancing were influenced by an interaction between the ideologies of those providing judgements and those allegedly breaking the rules. Our data suggest that judgements of those flouting social distancing guidance are influenced by ideology in a symmetrical way. That is, both liberals and conservatives condemn outgroup flouting more than ingroup flouting. We discuss this finding in the context of theoretical work into ideological symmetries, and the implications of growing ideological polarization in contemporary Western democracies.
How are consumer behavior and marketing strategy researchers incorporating the SDGs? A review and opportunities for future research
Authors: Voola Ranjit , Bandyopadhyay Chinmoy , Azmat Fara , Ray Subhasis , Nayak Lipsa
Published: February 2022

Increasing environmental challenges together with irresponsible consumption and production practices call for marketing research focused on sustainability. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a framework for marketers to operationalize sustainability and to build awareness and shape consumers’ as well as businesses’ views about responsible consumerism and sustainability. As the SDG framework continues to influence marketing literature and practice, it is important to take stock of how consumer and marketing strategy scholars have engaged with the SDGs since their announcement in 2015. To this end, we undertake a systematic literature review of 41 papers published in premier marketing journals that explicitly engage with the SDGs. The review identifies several gaps in the marketing literature that provide a basis for identifying future research opportunities. We argue that engaging with these research opportunities provides a transformational opportunity for marketing scholars to positively impact society.
Listen to her: Re-finding culturally responsive poetic inquiry as home knowing for women of African descent
Authors: Chambers Lori A
Published: February 2022

In response to critical turns in knowledge production, scholars of African descent have developed culturally responsive arts-based methodologies. Congruent with culturally responsive research is incorporating home knowing practices such as the poetics of many African and Africentric storytelling practices. This article presents my reflections as a Canadian researcher of African descent on “re-finding” culturally responsive poetic inquiry to interpret, represent, and re-tell the HIV service work experiences of African immigrant women living with HIV. I argue that researchers should strive to decolonize their research with, for and by peoples of African descent by incorporating knowledge precepts and practices grounded in participants’ home knowing. Using arts-based methodologies such as poetic inquiry creates an opportunity to critically reflect on knowledge production in research: who produces knowledge, what ways of knowing are valued, and what messages are conveyed through knowledge production and dissemination.