bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The level of demand for higher education in Germany
Authors: Taskin Fedor A.
Published: April 2024

The article studies the formation, current state and features of the system of Germanys’ higher education at the present stage. The advantages of obtaining higher education in German universities are defined. The level of demand for higher education of various levels among the population is estimated. The data of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany on the number and types of higher education institutions, on the number of students of higher educational institutions and their distribution by subject groups for the winter semesters 2019/2020-2021/2022 is presented and analyzed, as well as the data on the number of first-year students of German universities by state in winter semesters 2020/2021-2021/2022. The data on the competitiveness of graduates of higher educational institutions in the German labor market is studied. The average initial annual salary of university graduates is estimated depending on the field of training and the qualifications received. The conclusion is made about the high level of demand for higher education among the German population, as well as about competitive advantages people with higher education have in the labor market.
Modern West-Russia confrontation as a stage of the clash of civilizations and its peculiarities
Authors: Spiridonova Valeria I.
Published: April 2024

The attempt to create a “universal state” in the form of an American empire was the response to the global challenge of world interdependence according to A. Toynbee’s methodology. It was designed as a unipolar dictatorship, ignoring the interests of the new “world-civilizations” of the East. This matter led to the decline of Euro-Atlantic civilization’s development. The stage of “collapse” is accompanied by a number of local military conflicts that grew into a macro-regional one - the Ukrainian conflict. As part of the mobilization strategy, the idea of a “besieged fortress” is being rethought in the Russian academic literature, and the concept of the “besieged West” was invented in the West. The latter uses the concept of aggressive “oriental barbarism” and stimulates the policy of “deterring Russia”. The phenomenon of “negative patriotism” has become one of the problems of Russia’s public life. A. Toynbee assigned the genesis of this concept to the imitative nature of Russian elites. Russian researchers see it as a result of the devaluation of the historical significance of Russian national identity.
Ukrainian nationalism in the first half of the XX century as a variant of nazism
Authors: Grigoriev Maxim Sergeevich
Published: April 2024

On the basis of analysis of archive sources, publications, documents and historians' research, key features of fascism and Nazism have been identified. Such features include: radical nationalism and racism, genocide, ethnic purges, repressive and totalitarian dictatorship, paramilitary formations, anticommunism, antidemocracy and revanchism. A comparative analysis of ideology and practice of the Ukrainian nationalism in the first half of the XXth century, German national-socialism and Italian fascism has been carried out according to these criteria. The analysis demonstrates direct correspondence between Ukrainian nationalism of this period and Nazism.
Adaptation of russian small business to COVID-19 pandemic shocks: the first evidence of a longitude
Authors: Chepurenko Alexander Yu. , Galitsky Efim B. , Oslon Alexander A.
Published: April 2024

Using the data of two waves of the longitudinal project started by the ‘Public opinion’ Foundation (July - November 2021, initial N = 750 people), the dynamics of strategies and factors of Russian small business’ adaptation to the shocks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are examined. It is shown that: (1) assessment of the situation in the economy and in their own business correlates with the respondents’ business strategy - entrepreneurs with the growth strategy are more often positive about the general economic situation than those who are focused on stability or surviving. (2) The motivation to do business affects the assessment of the situation and the response to it. Those who conduct business for the purpose of self-fulfillment more often than others assess the state of their business affairs positively, while those who conduct business out of necessity more often evaluate it negatively. (3) Depending on the change of the current income, small entrepreneurs can quickly change the strategy, whereas the reduction in current income affects the change in strategy more strongly than their increase: entrepreneurs with decreasing business income are more likely to change the strategy to a more conservative one (“stability” or “survival”), while income growth to a lesser extent leads to a change in strategy to a more active one (“development”).
Civil society: liberal or diverse?
Authors: Sungurov Alexander Yu. , Kiseleva Daria A.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the concept of civil society. The evolution of ideas is studied, including the creation of L- and M- conceptions. As part of the M-concept, in which civil society is understood as public organizations relatively autonomous from the state and diverse connections between them, normative and positivist approaches are distinguished. It is substantiated that the normative approach, in which civil society is understood as a community of organizations with liberal views, is associated with the L-concept. Modern Russian trends related to the division “from above” of civil society organizations according to the criterion of loyalty are analyzed. The first steps have been taken to single out the categories of non-liberal civil organizations. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using the concept of a “diverse civil society” in scientific analysis.
External information pressure on russian youth as a tool of global confrontation
Authors: Lukushin Vladimir A.
Published: April 2024

The results of a socio-political research studying the phenomenon of external information pressure on Russian youth in conditions of growing geopolitical tension and information confrontation between states are presented. Young people, as the most vulnerable social group, are exposed to the negative effects of the digitalization of information about military and political processes, including the transition of the concept of “hybrid warfare” into a new form. This new form is defined by the dominance of information and psychological impact and other methods of a predominantly non-military nature. Multi-stage methodology is used, including cognitive mapping of digital content, automated social media analysis of information flows, unstructured group interviews, as well as methods of metaphorical associative cards and online questionnaires. It is revealed that the number of Russian regions targeted by external information pressure on young people increased. The scheme of relevant content circulation and the active role of foreign media structures in this process are identified. The semantics of information flows and features of targeted impact on different age groups are defined. The results of the study show a weak perception of fake information on the Internet by young people and highlight the formed demand for the development of modern competences of digital literacy and information security.
Historical policy and memorial culture in Latvia in the early 2020s
Authors: Kyrchanoff Maksym W.
Published: April 2024

The politics of memory in the Latvian Republic in the early 2020s are analyzed. The role and place of intellectual communities is studied. These communities act as the main spaces of the genesis and functioning of memorial culture and collective historical memory in modern social and political thought in Latvia. The novelty of the study lies in the examination of the current stage in the development of the historical policy of the Latvian society in the context of a lack of original sources-based interdisciplinary works focused on the analysis of the memorial cultures of the post-Soviet space in Russian historiography. It is shown that: 1) as one of the systemic segments of modern Latvian society, the intellectual community significantly contributes to the development and transformation of memorial culture; 2) the range of memorial practices of Latvian intellectuals varies from historical revisionism to attempts to form a liberal memorial canon; 3) memorial practices of modern intellectual community are interconnected with the development of civil and ethnic nationalist discourse; 4) the participation of intellectuals in memorial politics actualizes the political and ideological heterogeneity of modern society, contributing to the parallel development of various forms and dimensions of historical memory. It is assumed that the role of the Latvian civil society in the historical politics of modern Latvia will increase, and the intellectual community will remain an active participant in collective memory policy.
Value orientations of managers and innovation management at enterprises
Authors: Kovalenko Alexander A. , Malyshev Maksim A.
Published: April 2024

Values and value orientations are key components of the individual’s development: they reflect the characteristics of his/her personality and determine personal behavior. At one time value orientations fell out of the focus of social sciences in Russia, but at present this topic has particular importance and relevance. The results of a study of value orientations in the innovation activity of the CEO’s of Russian enterprises (case studies of foundry and metallurgy enterprises) are presented. This analysis is a continuation of studies of innovative values of leaders in the knowledge economy conducted in 2011-2012. It is aimed at finding the innovative development problems of modern enterprises in the context of value orientations. What innovations are required by enterprises in the first place, what managers value in subordinates, whether corporate values correspond to the enterprise development strategy, what problems creative people face and what methods of recognition of talents are used, what forms of organization of innovative activity are prioritized and which are not, - these questions were answered in this study. The results are compared with the best practices and features of the leading companies in Japan and South Korea in order to develop recommendations and proposals.
Ambivalent effects of public participation in the space of digital communications: the discursive field of contemporary studies
Authors: Parma Roman V.
Published: April 2024

The results of the analysis of the discursive field of contemporary scientific studies on the effects of public participation in digital communication spaces are presented. The process of increased digitalization of civic activism studied from the perspective of cyberoptimists and cyberpessimists. The key components of the contexts formed by researchers, defining the features of representation and correlation of such positions in the academic environment are highlighted. The negative effects of digital activism are seen in the increase of social disunity and citizen passivity, the crisis of democratic institutions and political participation. The positive effects are in many ways the opposite of negative and more extensive. Digital activism creates a cyberspace of action that facilitates the development of civic practices and values, as well as extends previous forms of civic interaction. The networking of actions in social media reduces the transaction costs of organizing civic action. Social media users who actively participate in online public actions have stronger intentions to offline participation, thus ensuring the transfer of civic engagement from the virtual to the real environment. Digital activism offers great opportunities for innovative actions based on social networks, which allow a greater impact on social change with less effort. The polarization of the scientific community, the fragmentation of the discursive field on the influence of digital communications on civic activism, and the predominance of subjective and ideologized approaches in the research outlined in the paper, constitute new challenges for social sciences at the current stage of development.
Russophobia in the context of social stigma
Authors: Turkuletc Aleksey E. , Turkulets Svetlana E.
Published: April 2024

On the part of the West russophobia in current conditions is becoming the main ideological vector in relation to everything Russian and to Russia as a whole. Affiliation to Russian culture and civilization nowadays serves as basis for consistent stigmatization, which has a destructive effect on Western mass consciousness. Russophobia as an extreme form of stigmatization is analyzed. For the first time, the analysis of Russophobia was carried out in the context of the problems of social stigmatization. It is argued that Russophobia is a kind of phobia, the essence of which is that its bearer is afraid of losing his own identity. In addition, this fear initiates stigmatization processes that turn to “cancel culture” or, rather, the abolition of the rich Russian culture. Analysis of the causes and factors that determine the spread of Russophobia allows to determine its temporary nature.
Destabilization of the old world order and the formation of a new world order: main trends and alternatives
Authors: Pantin Vladimir I. , Lapkin Vladimir V.
Published: April 2024

A comparative analysis of alternative scenarios for the formation of a new world order is presented. It is shown that in the early 2020s the former “monocentric” (“unipolar”) world order was destabilized. The main signs of the shifts taking place in it are socio-economic and political oppositions in Western and non-Western countries, the chaotic system of international relations, the increasing number and depth of regional conflicts, the creation of new international associations and coalitions. The forecast is made about the most probable variant of the change of the world order, which can come into being in the period of the 2020-2030s. An assumption has been made of the role of Russia in the changing world order.
Studies of USA and Japan economic relations: new theoretical approaches and some promising developments
Authors: Chudinova Кsenia O.
Published: April 2024

In the post-war period economic relations between the United States and Japan were the subject of research by many economists due to their complexity, versatility, and sometimes contradictory nature. Such topics as export of technologies, bilateral intra-industry trade and trade in intermediate goods growth, the gradual internationalization of the economies of the United States and Japan, the fragmentation of production in East Asia, the development of value chains were studied in many works. One of the most productive are P. Krugman’s new trade theory as well as some other promising approaches and methods that provide an opportunity to study trade and investment relations between the United States and Japan in more depth.
New guidelines for digital platform competition policy: a comparative analysis (Russia, USA, China, EU)
Authors: Golovanova Svetlana V. , Korneeva Dina V. , Zayats Sophia A.
Published: April 2024

The characteristics of digital platforms are described. The analysis of the difficulties in applying traditional approaches to digital platforms is provided. The goal is to characterize and compare the existing and draft laws that will serve as the cornerstone of competition policy for digital platforms in the United States, the European Union, China, and Russia. The question of whether there are differences between Russian legislation regulating the activity of digital platforms and new foreign laws is answered.
Prospects for strengthening logistics cooperation between Russia and China in the context of the “New Silk Road” and the factor of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Dmitrieva Marina O. , Tokoldoshev Dastan K. , Shegirbayev Ozhet A.
Published: April 2024

Main current processes of the formation of the new transport and logistics interaction model on the territory of the Eurasian continent are discussed, as well as the main geopolitical and macroeconomic trends that have caused their accelerated formation. Gradual strengthening of all-around cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China as key powers on the modern political map of the world is studied. The activity of the Republic of Kazakhstan is considered through the prism of the emerging newest “pan-Eurasian” system of interstate logistics contacts.
Legal analysis of the formation and development of local self-government in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Pitulko Kseniia V.
Published: April 2024

Local self-government is the foundation of national statehood. It is at the local level that many socio-economic problems can be successfully solved and real conditions created to ensure a sustainable growth in population welfare. Being a social state, the Republic of Kazakhstan has original experience in the formation and development of the municipal government system, built with a significant share of the people’s representation. The assessment analysis of its features will allow to receive new scientific knowledge that can be used to improve legislation on the basics of local self-government. Comparing the doctrinal positions present in the Kazakh and foreign legal press, it was possible to identify the existence of common problems in the organization and activities of local governments in various states. The purpose of the study was to form a number of scientifically sound recommendations for the development of legal acts in the field of local self-government. Using the results obtained experimentally, as well as a combination of traditional general scientific and particular scientific methods, the conclusion is made that it is possible - in the conditions of convergence of national legal systems - to create a general concept of local self-government organization which would earn the trust of citizens and would be based on a democratic elective form of recruitment. In a state governed by the rule of law, all the essential features of which are enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and have become the basis for the activities of state authorities, it is this model of local self-government that is most effective.
Expert diplomacy in conflict settlement: Transdnistria and Moldova
Authors: Shevchuk Nina V.
Published: April 2024

Expert diplomacy is interaction of researchers within the framework of the peace process, combined with the efforts of diplomats and other government representatives and coordinated by official negotiators. Based on the case of the Transdniestrian settlement, the role and potential of expert diplomacy in the absence of a stable political and diplomatic negotiation process are identified. The article is of an interdisciplinary and applied nature and is aimed at studying the unique practice of promoting the peace process by organizing an additional expert track of negotiations. The advantages of transprofessionalization of diplomacy in the context of negotiations, such as inclusiveness, versatility, flexibility in decision-making, coordination with the “first track” and others, are revealed. It is shown how the work of the “one and a half track of diplomacy” enriches the diplomatic practice of peacemaking and peace-building. It doesn’t replace the official format, but contributes to the expansion of political and diplomatic interaction and confidence-building.
Consequences of climate change: adaptive governance for global risks reduction
Authors: Nikitina Elena N. , Pozhilova Natalia A.
Published: April 2024

Failures in adaptation of society to global challenges resulting from climate change, including risks of natural disasters, are defined by a combination of ecological and societal factors which result in growing human vulnerability and damages to critical infrastructure and economic sectors. They are attributed to a high extent to loopholes in the emerging system of adaptive governance and human responses at global, national and local levels. Innovative analysis is presented of major trends and approaches to the multidisciplinary problem of solving the problem of societal adaptation to climate change impact with associated transformations of socio-economic, legal, institutional frameworks and multilevel architecture of adaptation climate policy and measures towards sustainability risks reduction. The features and factors in formation of national and global adaptation regimes, innovations in the United Nations system towards overcoming the gaps in implementation of its universal principles and norms, are analyzed. Global North-South interactions in the formation of the international fund for loss and damage are tracked. Major approaches to the contemporary and future design of an adaptive governance system is studied through the assessment of interactions and linkages between climate change, global ice melting, doubling of average rates of sea-level rise during XXI century, flood risks for coastal areas and small island states, packages of adaptation response measures aimed at damage mitigation by vulnerable regions, communities and stakeholders. In this context the role of recent dynamic developments of international regimes governing adaptation to global climate change challenges and societal vulnerability reduction is reflected on the basis of unpacking the major quests in implementation and effectiveness of adaptation policies.
Native language in conditions of bilingualism: the case of Belarus and Khakassia
Authors: Lushnikova Olga Leonidovna , Sokolov Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the role of the native language in conditions of bilingualism by comparing the language situation in two dissimilar regions: Belarus and the Republic of Khakassia. From the point of view of the linguistic situation, these territories are united by one common feature - the significant role of the Russian language, which, along with the native (ethnic) language, is recognized as the state language. Despite the official bilingualism, in the communicative space of the regions under consideration, the native languages of the titular peoples play a different role: in Belarus it is rather symbolic, while in Khakassia the native language is used only in some areas of life. The fact that the native language is being washed away is recognized in both regions being compared, but it is in Khakassia that this problem is perceived as a threat to ethnic identity. In Belarus, due to the closeness of Russians and Belarusians and their languages, the dominance of the Russian language does not cause tension. The authors come to the conclusion that there are several aspects of the existence of the native language in conditions of bilingualism: in the lives of its speakers it is present as a means of recording and preserving cultural heritage, as a marker of ethnic identity and as a symbol of the spiritual unity of the titular peoples.
Aegirine-Bearing Clinopyroxenes in Granulites from Xenoliths of the Udachnaya Kimberlite Pipe, Siberian Craton: Comparison of the Results of Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Electron Micropobe Analysis
Authors: Sapegina A. V. , Voronin M. V. , Perchuk A. L. , Safonov O. G.
Published: April 2024

The aegirine end-member (NaFe3+Si2O6) in clinopyroxenes resulted from incorporation of Fe3+ into the mineral structure effects the accuracy of reconstruction of the P-T conditions in the high-grade metamorphic rocks and also allows evaluation the redox conditions of their formation. As a rule, the content of this end-member in clinopyroxenes is evaluated based on the crystal chemical recalculations of microprobe analyses. However, in some publications on eclogites, the results of recalculations of clinopyroxenes were compared with the data of Mössbauer spectroscopy. Significant difference was revealed between the measured and calculated Fe3+/ΣFe ratios, that can significantly affect the results of geothermometry. This paper presents the results of the Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements of clinopyroxene fractions separated from three samples of garnet-clinopyroxene granulites from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe. The ratios Fe3+/ΣFe = 0.22–0.26 measured in clinopyroxenes correspond to 6–10 mol. % aegirine. These estimates are in good agreement with the values obtained for clinopyroxenes from the same samples by the recalculation of microprobe analyzes using the charge balance method. Following to this conclusion, we believe that crystal chemical recalculations of microprobe analyzes of clinopyroxenes from non-eclogitic rocks make it possible to correctly estimate the Fe3+ content in them. Similar recalculation of microprobe analyzes of clinopyroxenes from crustal xenoliths from other localities, as well as from ferrobasalts of the continental flood basalts provinces, ferrodolerite dikes, and gabbroid xenoliths (similar in bulk chemical composition to many lower-middle-crustal xenoliths) revealed significant amounts of previously unaccounted aegirine in them (up to 13 and 4–9 mol. %, respectively), that unleashes the potential for the reconstruction of redox conditions in many rocks.
Conditions of Rock Formation and Magma Sources of the Late Cenozoic Udokan Volcanic Plateau
Authors: Yarmolyuk V. V. , Savatenkov V. M. , Kozlovsky A. M. , Stupak F. M. , Kuznetsov M. V. , Shpakovich L. V.
Published: April 2024

The Udokan volcanic plateau (UVP), like other areas of the Late Cenozoic volcanic province of Central Asia, formed in the interval from the Middle Miocene to the Pleistocene. Its products have high alkalinity and vary in composition from alkaline picrobasalts and basanites to alkaline trachytes. Compositional changes were controlled by two differentiation trends, which corresponded to different conditions of the original magmas generation. Rocks with low SiO2 contents (45 wt. %) were formed from melts of low melting degrees that arose under conditions of elevated pressures and temperatures. Formation of rocks corresponding to the composition range 45–61 wt. %. % SiO2 was associated with the differentiation of basalt melts, which arose at shallower depths and at lower temperatures. The geochemical characteristics of the UVP basaltoids make them similar to OIB-type basalts. They are also close in Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic composition, corresponding to the parameters of a moderately depleted mantle, which is close to the composition of oceanic basalt sources corresponding to the mantle of deep mantle plumes. The corresponding mantle component is present in the sources of other volcanic regions of the Late Cenozoic intraplate volcanic province of Central Asia, which indicates the involvement of the lower mantle plume in the formation of these regions.
Moissanite in Rocks of the Bobruisk Ledge of the Belarusian Crystalline Massif of the East European Craton
Authors: Levitsky V. I. , Levitsky I. V. , Pavlova L. A. , Lukashova M. V.
Published: April 2024

A large range of minerals, native, intermetallic, amorphous compounds containing K, Na, Fe, Mn, Ca, Ba, Sr, Cu, Pb, Co, Ni, Sn, Zn, Al, Ce, Nd, La, Pr, Sm, Y, Yb, Nb, Hf, W, Mo, Zr, Cr, V, Ag, Ti, Si, has been found in the Bobruisk buried ledge of the Belarusian crystalline massif in the western part of the East European craton. As, P, Bi, O, H, F, Cl, S, Se, C, B, N F. Among them there is moissanite. It forms xenomorphic and subidiomorphic separations up to 1.5 mm in size and is represented by a hexagonal polytype modification 6H. Inclusions inherent in meteorites were found in one of its grains – sinoite (Si2N2O), xifengite (Si5Fe3) and awaruite (Ni3Fe). Moissanite, the native, intermetallic, amorphous compounds associated with it, are developed in the form of scattered, poor, multi-grained inclusions in the rocks of three structural-material complexes of the centuries. This indicates the superimposed nature of mineralization. The whole set of crystalline and amorphous secretions observed with moissanite is proposed to be designated as Bobruiskites. Mineral formation, with a high degree of probability, is due to the impact interaction of the meteoroid with rocks of the East European craton.
Variation in Trace Element and Isotope Composition of Neoarchean Mafic Granulites of the Southwest Siberian Craton: A Consequence of Various Mantle Sources or Crustal Contamination
Authors: Turkina O. M.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents geochemical and isotopic characteristics of Neoarchean (2.7–2.66 Ga) mafic granulites of the Sharyzhalgay uplift in the southwestern Siberian craton. Mafic and predominant felsic granulites compose fragments of the metamorphic complex among the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic granitoids. Mafic granulites are characterized by the mineral association Cpx + Pl ± Hbl ± Opx ± Qz and include two types with different major and immobile trace element contents. The dominant rocks of the first type have a wide range of Mg# and concetrations of TiO2 and immobile trace elements (REE, Zr, Nb, and most positive εNd(Т) va-lues. The first type of mafic granulites show elevated (La/Sm)n and enrichment in Th and LREE relative Nb which is typical of basalts of subduction origin or crustal contaminated basalts. The absence of negative correlation between (La/Sm)n and εNd(Т) and a clear positive correlation of TiO2 with Nb testify against the effect of crustal contamination on the composition of the mafic granulites. The magmatic protoliths of first type of mafic granulites are suggested to form by the melting of depleted peridotites of the subcontinental mantle which metasomatized by melts formed from basalts or terrigenous sediments of the subducting plate. Mafic granulites of the second type have a narrower range of Mg#, TiO2 content, positive εNd(Т), flat rare earth patterns and no subduction signatures, which indicates an asthenospheric depleted mantle source. Ma-fic granulites contaminated by the Paleoarchean crust are characterized by increased (La/Sm)n, depletion of Nb relative to Th and LREE, and negative εNd(Т) values. Post magmatic influence of granitoids lead to the enrichment of mafic granulites in biotite and apatite, an increased in concentrations of K2O, P2O5, a signi-ficant enrichment of Zr, Nb, Th, LREE, and negative εNd(Т) values. The difference between mafic granulites of the first and second types is not resulted from crustal contamination, but is due to the melting of two types of sources: asthenospheric and subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the Irkut block was isotopically depleted for the Neoarchean time (∼2.7 Ga), and its enrichment in incompatible trace elements, presumably by felsic melts generated from the rocks of subducting plate, immediately preceded mafic magmatism.
New Data on the Rock and Mineral Composition of Kharchinsky and Zarechny Volcanoes (Central Kamchatka depression): Heterogeneity of the Mantle Source and Peculiarities of Magma Evolution in Crust
Authors: Gorbach N. V. , Nekrylov N. A. , Portnyagin M. V. , Hoernle K.
Published: April 2024

The Kharchinsky and Zarechny volcanoes and the Kharchinsky Lake zone of monogenetic cones are unique eruptive centers of magnesian lavas located above the northern margin of the Pacific Plate subducting beneath Kamchatka. This work presents new geochemical data on the composition of rocks (55 samples) and minerals (over 900 analyses of olivine, pyroxenes, amphibole, and plagioclase) of these centers analyzed by XRF and LA-ICP-MS (rocks) and electron microprobe (minerals). Most of the studied rocks are represented by magnesian (Mg# = 60–75 mol. %), medium-K basalts and basaltic andesites. Moderate-magnesian (Mg# = = 52–59 mol. %) basaltic andesites are present among the monogenic cones of the Kharchinsky Lake. The rare rock varieties include high-K basalts-basaltic andesites of dikes in the center of the Kharchinsky volcano and magnesian andesites (Mg# = 58–61 mol. %) of the extrusions of Zarechnу volcano. The distribution of trace element contents in these samples demonstrates the enrichment of large-ion lithophile elements, light REEs and depletion of high field strength elements and heavy REEs typical of arc rocks. High-K basalts and basaltic andesites show anomalous enrichment in Ba (1000 ppm), Th (3.8 ppm), U (1.8 ppm), Sr (800 ppm, Sr/Y 50) and light REE (La 20 ppm); their compositions are close to those of low-Si adakites. Basalts and basaltic andesites contain high-Mg olivine phenocrysts (up to Fo92.6) and clinopyroxene (Mg# up to 91 mol. %). The rocks show petrographic and geochemical signs of fractional crystallization along with the processes of mineral accumulation and magma mixing. Some of the olivine phenocrysts show high NiO contents (up to 5000 ppm) and elevated Fe/Mn ratio (up to 80), interpreted as evidence of participation of the pyroxenite source in the magma generation processes. The use of Ca/Fe and Ni/Mg ratios allowed us to distinguish the composition fields and evolution trends of olivines associated with different sources – peridotite and pyroxenite, formed by the reaction of mantle wedge peridotites and high-Si melts of the subducted oceanic crust. The new data are consistent with other evidence of melting of the subducted Pacific plate edge beneath the northern part of the Central Kamchatka depression at the Kurile-Kamchatka and Aleutian subduction zone junction and testify to significant heterogeneity of the mantle in this area.
Magnesian Basalts of the Medvezhia Caldera: Main Magmas and Their Sources on the Example of the Menshiy Brat Volcano (Iturup Island)
Authors: Kuzmin D. V. , Nizametdinov I. R. , Smirnov S. Z. , Timina T. Yu. , Shevko A. Ya. , Gora M. P. , Rybin A. V.
Published: April 2024

The paper represents new data on the formation conditions of basalts from post-caldera volcano Menshiy Brat (Medvezhia caldera, Iturup Island). Liquidus mineral assemblage is composed of olivine (Fo up to 90.1 mol. %) and chromium spinel (Cr# = 0.46–0.6), which crystallized at 1090–1170°С and oxygen fugacity NNO +0.6 (σ = 0.2) – NNO +0.2 (σ = 0.14). The study of melt inclusions in the liquidus olivine demonstrated that its parental melts have low-alumina, low-potassium compositions with up to 15.5 wt. % MgO and with an average water content of 5.5 wt. %. The data on volatile contents in the olivine-hosted melt inclusions suggest that the basic melts appeared due to partial melting of essentially peridotitic source with a small admixture of an olivine-free component at 1225°С under active influence of the slab-related fluids. These fluids were separated from the subducting slab at 670–705°С and depths of 95–105 km beneath the Iturup Island. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the evolution of basic magmas that serve as a heat and volatile supply during the formation of large calderas.
Updated COMAGMAT-5: Modeling the Effects of Sulfide Precipitation in Parallel to Crystallization Of Alumino-Chromian Spinel
Authors: Ariskin A. A. , Bychkov K. A. , Nikolaev G. S. , Barmina G. S.
Published: April 2024

An updated version of the COMAGMAT-5.3 program is presented, which enables simulations of the silicate-sulfide immiscibility in parallel to crystallization of Al-Cr spinel and other rock-forming minerals. Main changes include a completed recalibration of the previous Fe-Ni sulfide solubility model (Ariskin et al., 2013) and incorporation of equations describing spinel-melt equilibria in a wide range of magmatic systems (Nikolaev et al., 2018а, 2018b). This allowed us to specify more accurately the link between compositions of immiscible sulfides and magma crystallization temperatures, as well as to correct partitioning of alumina between the model spinel and crystallizing melt. The updated COMAGMAT-5.3 can be used for calculations of the crystallization of basaltic to komatiitic magmas, as well as the history of solidification of mafic to ultramafic cumulates, including relative proportions of Al-Cr spinel and immiscible sulfides. Application example includes solidification of sulfide-bearing primitive olivine cumulate from the endocontact of the Yoko-Dovyren intrusion in Northern Transbaikalia (Russia). It is established that maximum crystallization proportions of Al-Cr spinel as much as 3.5 wt % are observed at Ol-Spl cotectic, following an abrupt decrease to slightly negative values during crystallization of plagioclase-bearing assemblages. This results in the inflection point on the trend of evolution of the spinel compositions, which changes from descending the Cr/Al ratio in the field of olivine to its increase when plagioclase starts to crystallize. As compared to previous version COMAGMAT-5.2, the updated model predicts somewhat higher proportions of precipitated sulfides.
Lower Talnakh Type Intrusions of the Norilsk Ore Region
Authors: Sluzhenikin S. F. , Malitch K. N. , Yudovskaya M. A. , Turovtsev D. M. , Antsiferova T. N. , Mikhalev S. K. , Badanina I. Yu. , Soloshenko N. G.
Published: April 2024

Troctolites, olivine and picrite gabbrodolerites account for up to 75% of the Lower Talnakh type intrusions in places of their increased thickness whereas reduced thickness sections consist of olivine-free and olivine-bearing gabbrodolerites. Differentiation is not obvious within these high-Mg cumulates, although the content of TiO2 and alkalis increases towards the upper endocontacts. The transitions between the rock types are gradational, and the composition of low Ni olivine in different rocks (Fo70–83, 0.01–0.2 wt % NiO) overlap significantly. Clinopyroxene (Fs7–13, Mg# 68–89) is characterized by both the lowest contents and variation ranges of Cr2O3 (0.01–0.5 wt %) and TiO2 (0.05–1.0 wt %) among all types of the intrusions of the Norilsk complex that is consistent with the Cr-depleted (0.002–0.051 wt % Cr2O3) bulk rock compositions. Later orthopyroxene (Fs15–30) is crystallised by the reaction of the residual melt with early olivine. Plagioclase forms porphyritic phenocrysts and their intergrowths along with ophitic laths as well as dominates in schlieren and fragments of leucocratic rocks in taxitic and picritic gabbrodolerites with a poorly sorted layered texture. In olivine-rich rocks, sulfides are represented by the association of troilite ± hexagonal pyrrhotite + Fe- and Co-rich pentlandite + Fe-enriched chalcopyrite (± putoranite, talnakhite) ± cubanite. In the upper and lower parts of the intrusions, the association of hexagonal pyrrhotite + chalcopyrite + pentlandite occurs, while monoclinic pyrrhotite + chalcopyrite + Ni-enriched pentlandite are formed in the endo- and exocontacts. The concentration of base (0.077–0.21 wt % Ni, 0.05–0.38 wt % Cu) and platinum metals (0.03–0.26 to 0.40 g/t total PGE) in mineralized rocks is very low. Upon small amounts of sulfides and extremely low base and platinum metal tenors, the heterogeneous S isotopic composition of Lower Talnakh type sulfides (mainly 3.8–8.6‰, but up to 11.8%) most likely reflects the achievement of repeated sulfide saturation during the assimilation of sulfate S by magma that has previously experienced loss of chalcophile metals into a coexisting sulfide fluid at depth. The Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Lower Talnakh intrusions (Sri – from 0.7073 to 0.7087 and εNd(Т) from –1.8 at –5.9 recalculated to 250 Ma) show the predominant contamination with Proterozoic material, in contrast to the ore-bearing intrusions, which Sr-Nd isotope compositions indicate contamination with upper crustal sedimentary matter of the Paleozoic age.
Sources of Cu-Rich Sulfide Mineralization and high-Ni Olivine of the Rudnaya Dyke (Imangda Junction, Norilsk Region): Based on Compositional, Isotope and Model Data
Authors: Brovchenko V. D. , Kirillina I. A. , Yudovskaya M. A. , Costin G. , Pshenitsyn I. V. , Kovalchuk E. V. , Larionova Y. O. , Gritsenko Y. D. , Ketrov A. A. , Sluzhenikin S. F.
Published: April 2024

The Rudnaya dyke of the Imangda ore junction is composed of the weakly differentiated olivine-bearing to olivine gabbrodolerites with sulfide globules and disseminated sulfides of (pentlandite-pyrrhotite)-chalcopyrite-cubanite composition. Along with cogenetic sulfide mineralization, dyke’s gabbrodolerites contain xenoliths of hornfelsed basalts, abundant amygdales and rare grains of zoned Ol-1 Fo90-47 with 0.5–0.06 wt % NiO that coexist with subhedral olivine Fo74-36 of the second generation. Modeling in the COMAGMAT and alphaMELTS programs showed that high-Mg olivine 1 with Cr-spinel inclusions could not be crystallized from a Fe-enriched tholeiitic magma that is parental for the dyke with 4.8–7.3 wt % MgO and 11.6–16.7 wt % total Fe2O3. The trend of variations and high Ni up to 0.5 wt. % in the cores of xenocrystic olivine Fo90-76 in contrast to maximum Fo83 and 0.4 wt. % NiO in olivine from the ore-bearing intrusions and picritic basalts of the Norilsk region point toward the presence of picritic cumulates, which magma had not exchanged with sulfide liquid. Platinum group element (PGE) abundances increase (up to 2.2 ppm) with Cu/Ni in the whole rocks as well as with proportions of pentlandite in a sulfide association. A specific chalcophile metal distribution, which is characterized by Ni, Os and Ir minima, elevated Cu/Ni (5–15) and Cu/Pd (3200–10 900) as well as lower both PGE tenor of sulfides (2–65 ppm) and Pd content in pentlandite (175 ppm) compared to typical of ore-bearing intrusions, suggests that Cu-rich sulfide mineralization was not mechanically captured from highly fractionated sulfide fractions of ore-bearing magmas but is cogenetic with a magma of the dyke. Sulfide saturation, near-simultaneous with fluid saturation and degassing, was achieved due to assimilation of sedimentary sulfur and volatiles from Devonian evaporites in the dyke conduit that is supported by the heavy S isotope composition of dyke’s sulfides with the average δ34S = 14.7 ±1.1‰ (n = 31), close to the values in sulfides from the endocontact zones of the ore-bearing Imangda intrusions hosted by Devonian strata. The initial isotopic characteristics of dyke’s rocks (Sri 0.70517–0.70532, ɛNd from –0.4 to 0.8) imply its comagmatic origin with the Norilsk-type intrusions whereas the overall data do not exclude even its spatial connection with an upper crustal conduit system of the ore-bearing magmas.
On the Application of Proxy Minerals for Evaluation of the Oxygen Isotope Composition of Acid Melts
Authors: Dubinina E. O. , Aranovich L. Ya.
Published: April 2024

The problems associated with the use of quartz and zircon as proxy minerals for the reconstruction of δ18O values in acidic melts are considered. It is shown that the correction values Δ(Qz-R) and Δ(R-Zrn) used for the reconstructions are not strictly constant and depend on the mineral composition of the rock and the closing temperature of the oxygen isotopic system of the proxy mineral (Tq, Tz). For Δ(Qz-R), an equation for the calculation is proposed, taking into account these factors, and it is shown that, under a number of conditions, the approximation of this correction by a constant value gives consistent results. To estimate Δ(R-Zrn), an approach has been proposed that consists in calculating the weighted average fractionation coefficient and estimating Tz using a zirconium thermometer. An analysis of the advantages and limitations of the use of quartz and zircon as proxy minerals has been carried out.
Seed Germination Kinetics as an Informative Tool for Assessing the Impact of Ionizing Radiation (on the Example of Arabidopsis Thaliana Aba-mutant Lines)
Authors: Bondarenko E. V. , Babina D. D. , Podobed M. Yu. , Mitsenyk A. S. , Volkova P. Yu.
Published: April 2024

We have analyzed the kinetics of seed germination of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana after γ-irradiation at doses of 50, 100 and 150 Gy. The following lines were selected as study objects: abi3-8 with a mutation in the ABI3 gene and with reduced sensitivity to the natural form of abscisic acid and aba3-1 genotype with a mutation in the ABA3 gene and a reduced level of endogenous abscisic acid. Wild type Col-8 was used as a control. To study the effect of γ-radiation on various aspects of seed germination (germinability, germination time and rate, synchrony of germination, etc.), the germination kinetics was assessed using the Germinationmetrics package for the R programming environment. Control and irradiated seeds (radiation source – 60Co) were grown on half-strength Murashige-Skoog medium under controlled conditions. Germination was assessed during the first six days after transfer to the phytotron by the rupture of the endosperm and the appearance of a root. In total, three independent experiments were carried out with three biological replications in each. A more pronounced effect of γ-radiation at a dose of 150 Gy on all studied genotypes was noted. Germination clustering showed that the distribution of the percentage of seed germination by day depends more on the genotype than on the dose of exposure. The best indicators of germination, speed and time interval between germination of 10% to 90% of seeds were noted for non-irradiated seeds of the abi3-8 line. The results obtained and a comparative analysis with previously published data suggest that the assessment of germination kinetics using the Germinationmetrics package for R is a clear and quite informative tool for studying the effect of ionizing radiation and other abiotic factors on various aspects of seed germination.
137Cs Pollution in Soils and Plants of Urban Ecosystems Near the Elektrostal Heavy Machinery Plant
Authors: Липатов Д. Н. , Вараченков В. А. , Манахов Д. В. , Мамихин С. В. , Щеглов А. И.
Published: April 2024

In urban ecosystems to the west of the Elektrostal Heavy Machinery Plant, 6 years after the radiation incident, local areas with a total area of 0.2 km2 with an increased equivalent dose rate of γ radiation of 0.15–0.40 μSv/hour and a high specific activity of 137Cs reaching 8328–8740 Bq/kg in the upper soil horizons were identified. Statistically significant direct correlations were noted between the specific activity of 137Cs in a layer of 0–10 cm of soil and the equivalent dose rate of γ radiation at the surface and height of 1 meter. The types of vertical distribution of 137Cs in soils of polluted urban ecosystems, including those on which earth decontamination works were carried out, have been determined. The calculated 137Cs transfer coefficients increase in row of tree: Salix alba Sórbus aucupária Ácer platanoídes Malus domestica Alnus incana Ácer negúndo; and grassy vegetation: Týpha angustifólia Artemísia vulgáris Tussilágo fárfara Cirsium arvense Urtíca dióica.
The Effect of γ-Irradiation on Mortality and Biomass of the Terrestrial Mollusk F. Fruticum M.
Authors: Lavrentyeva G. V. , Synzynys B. I. , Mirzeabasov O. A. , Pavlov A. N. , Cherkasova E. E.
Published: April 2024

The results of the study of relevant indicators of mortality and biomass after ɣ-irradiation in the dose of 10–300 Gy of the terrestrial mollusk F. fruticum M. are presented. Mollusks of the second age group were selected. The age of the mollusks was determined by the number of revolutions of the shell. The conditions of keeping the mollusk in the laboratory were experimentally selected in such a way that the survival rate in the control group was 100%. The duration of the experiment (210 days) and the range of radiation doses (10–300 Gy) made it possible to establish the LD50/60 index for a terrestrial mollusk of the second age group. It is 115.6 ± ± 33.8 Gy. LD50/60 was determined by the calculated method of probit analysis using the least squares method. Three dose ranges (10–100, 110–170 and 180–300 Gy of changes in the studied relevant indicators were established. For each time range, starting from 60 days after irradiation, a linear threshold dependence with three dose ranges was established: a dose-independent plateau at low radiation doses, a dose-dependent range with an increase in the radiation dose, and a dose-independent plateau when absolute mortality occurs.