bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship and Family Business: Exploring the Connections
Authors: Dyer W. Gibb , Handler Wendy
Published: January 2018

This article explores how the family Influences an entrepreneur's career. There are various points In time where family and entrepreneurial dynamics intersect. These Include: (1) early experiences In the entrepreneur's family of origin; (2) family Involvement and support of early start-up activities; (3) employment of family members In the new venture; and (4) involvement of family members In ownership and management succession. The article explores each of these four areas and suggests research questions that need to be explored to develop a better understanding of the relationship between entrepreneurs and their families.
Modelling Entrepreneurial Career Progressions: Concepts and Considerations
Authors: Katz Jerome A.
Published: January 2018

Studying entrepreneurship longitudinally is in effect a study of entrepreneurial careers, but there is little vocational theory specific to self-employment, much less entrepreneurship. Using Edgar Schein's Career Anchor Theory as a starting point, the existing anchors of autonomy and entrepreneurship are adapted to facilitate secondary analysis using existing longitudinal datasets. A model of career progression or trajectory, which would permit analysis of the self-employed as well as others, is developed using six variables. The first three come from Schein's “career cone” model of vocational movement–-hierarchy, function, and centrality. Three new variables are derived from a diverse literature on entrepreneurship–-employment duration, job multiplicity, and self-employment emergence. One approach to the operationalization of these six variables Is shown using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, and implications for future research and theorizing on entrepreneurial career progression are given.
Belated Recognition for Work Flow Entrepreneurs: A Case of Selective Perception and Amnesia in Management Thought
Authors: Sayles Leonard R. , Stewart Alex
Published: January 2018

Recent trends, such as reengineering, require work flow entrepreneurship. Important principles about these practices were recognized in post-World War II field research, but by the 1970s this work suffered neglect. Amnesia was caused by deeply held assumptions of scientific management, and by a search within business schools for academic legitimacy at the expense of praxis, which skewed the perspectives with which organizations were viewed.
Entrepreneurial Processes as Virtuous and Vicious Spirals in a Changing Opportunity Structure: A Paradoxical Perspective
Authors: Ropo Arja , Hunt James G. (Jerry)
Published: January 2018

We develop the beginnings of a grounded theory of entrepreneurship based on the idea that entrepreneurship, in terms of a changing opportunity structure–-consisting of opportunity detection, opportunity facilitation and motivation to pursue opportunity–-can be viewed through a paradoxical perspective that considers the interplay of organizational and individual capabilities as virtuous and vicious spirals across time. The virtuous spiral led toward successful change because of supportive organizational and individual capabilities across time. The vicious spiral led away from successful change because of countervailing organizational and individual capabilities. Paradoxically, however, we found that entrepreneurship developed in both types of spirals. We discuss these points based on two case studies of Finnish banks and bank managers within the fundamentally changing opportunity structure of the banking business in the late 1980s.
Managing Your Core Incompetencies for Corporate Venturing
Authors: Dougherty Deborah
Published: January 2018

Internal ventures and a firm's core competencies are mutually constitutive, since each both contributes to and builds on the other. This field study compared successful and failed new product ventures In four large firms, to learn how competencies and ventures relate. The link between ventures and competencies was important to success. It was also difficult to achieve, because a scaffolding of reified rules, called core incompetencies, had grown around the competencies to dominate thought and action. Some ways to break out of the core incompetencies are developed from the successful efforts, and summarized in the discussion.
The Entrepreneurial Decision: Economic Theory and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Eisenhauer Joseph G.
Published: January 2018

This paper Integrates three major traditions of economic thought into a model of entrepreneurial decision making. Several testable hypotheses are formulated, and the model Is estimated using a 33-year sample of aggregate time-series data for the U.S.
Locus of Control and Entrepreneurship in the Russian Republic
Authors: Kaufmann Patrick J. , Welsh Dianne H. B. , Bushmarin Nicholas V.
Published: January 2018

An internal locus of control has been linked empirically to entrepreneurial activity. In changing to a market economy, therefore, the Russian Republic may face hidden psychological barriers if 70 years of a closely managed economy has Induced a perception of control located In powerful others rather than oneself. Levenson's (three-dimensional) locus of control scale Is administered In the former Soviet Union and the results compared to baseline data across various countries and cultures. The findings Indicate that when compared to most countries, the Russian respondents did possess lower Internal locus of control scores and In some Instances higher powerful other scores.
Adaptive nonlinear optimal control for active suppression of airfoil flutter via a novel neural-network-based controller
Authors: Tang Difan , Chen Lei , Tian Zhao F. , Hu Eric
Published: January 2018

This paper proposes a novel adaptive nonlinear controller based on neural-networks (NNs) for active suppression of airfoil flutter (ASAF) from the optimal control perspective. Optimal control laws for locally nonlinear systems are synthesized in real time by solving the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation online with a proposed new form of NN-based value function approximation (VFA) and an extended Kalman filter. A systematic procedure based on linear matrix inequalities is further proposed for designing a scheduled parameter matrix that generalizes the new form of VFA to globally nonlinear systems to suit ASAF applications. Un-modeled dynamics are captured using an NN identifier. Comparisons drawn with a linear-parameter-varying optimal controller in wind-tunnel experiments confirm the effectiveness and validity of the proposed control scheme.
Have Alcohol Management Plans Reduced Violence Against Women in Cape York, Australia?
Authors: West Caryn , Muller Reinhold , Clough Alan R. , Fitts Michelle S.
Published: January 2018

In 2002/2003, the Queensland Government released a decision that Alcohol Management Plans (AMPs) were to be introduced to most Indigenous communities in Cape York, Australia, in an effort to address violence generally and specifically violence against women and children. By 2008, increased restrictions brought total prohibition in some communities and tightened restrictions in others. This project provides a pre-/postprohibition comparison and analysis of injuries, injuries that involved alcohol and verified police reported assaults. Supporting this are rich community survey data which together aim to elicit the effect restricting alcohol had on violent activity in the communities, particularly for women.
Evaluation of a Serum Lung Cancer Biomarker Panel
Authors: Mazzone Peter J , Wang Xiao-Feng , Han Xiaozhen , Choi Humberto , Seeley Meredith , Scherer Richard , Doseeva Victoria
Published: January 2018

Background:

A panel of 3 serum proteins and 1 autoantibody has been developed to assist with the detection of lung cancer. We aimed to validate the accuracy of the biomarker panel in an independent test set and explore the impact of adding a fourth serum protein to the panel, as well as the impact of combining molecular and clinical variables.

Methods:

The training set of serum samples was purchased from commercially available biorepositories. The testing set was from a biorepository at the Cleveland Clinic. All lung cancer and control subjects were >50 years old and had smoked a minimum of 20 pack-years. A panel of biomarkers including CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), CYFRA21-1 (cytokeratin-19 fragment 21-1), CA125 (carbohydrate antigen 125), HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), and NY-ESO-1 (New York esophageal cancer-1 antibody) was measured using immunoassay techniques. The multiple of the median method, multivariate logistic regression, and random forest modeling was used to analyze the results.

Results:

The training set consisted of 604 patient samples (268 with lung cancer and 336 controls) and the testing set of 400 patient samples (155 with lung cancer and 245 controls). With a threshold established from the training set, the sensitivity and specificity of both the 4- and 5-biomarker panels on the testing set was 49% and 96%, respectively. Models built on the testing set using only clinical variables had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.68, using the biomarker panel 0.81 and by combining clinical and biomarker variables 0.86.

Conclusions:

This study validates the accuracy of a panel of proteins and an autoantibody in a population relevant to lung cancer detection and suggests a benefit to combining clinical features with the biomarker results.
Total Knee Arthroplasty: Does Day of Surgery Matter?
Authors: Malik Azeem Tariq , Khan Shahid , Ali Arif , Mufarrih Syed Hamza , Noordin Shahryar
Published: January 2018

Introduction:

There has been an influx of research studies aimed at identifying all factors that contribute to minimizing cost and maximizing postoperative care after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Length of stay (LOS) has been defined as a significant factor that contributes to increased burden. We aimed at looking whether day of surgery has any significant effect on the LOS and postoperative complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Materials and methods:

Retrospective cohort study done at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan, from January 2007 to December 2015. A total of 611 patients who underwent a unilateral or bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were included in study: 269 (44.0%) patients underwent unilateral TKA and 342 (56.0%) underwent a bilateral TKA.

Results:

Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc pairwise comparisons showed that unilateral TKAs performed on Tuesday, Saturday, and Sunday resulted in a lower median LOS ( P < .05). No significant association was seen in bilateral TKA group. Day of surgery was not associated with postoperative complications.

Conclusions:

Unilateral TKAs performed earlier during the week and later on the weekend are associated with a significantly lower LOS. It is highly probable that patch ancillary services during the latter part of the week and a higher workload for the staff are important reasons for this phenomenon.
Beyond the distinction between incumbency and opposition: Retrospective voting at the level of political parties
Authors: Stiers Dieter
Published: January 2018

Retrospective voting is one of the most frequently investigated theories of voting behaviour. It postulates that voters punish or reward incumbent parties according to their performance. This approach, however, cannot explain why voters cast a stable opposition vote, or switch between incumbent parties or opposition parties, respectively. This study fills this gap by showing that this traditional view should be complemented with the approach of retrospective voting to work at the level of political parties – irrespective of their incumbency status. Using the data of the second module of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, it provides the first large-scale test of this new perspective on electoral accountability. The results show that satisfaction with the previously endorsed party is an important determinant of the current party choice, and that it is so for voters for all parties alike. These results provide a theoretical foundation for party switches that could not be explained by the traditional model.
Report on the seismic performance of three-dimensional moment-resisting timber frames with frictional damping in beam-to-column connections
Authors: Polocoșer Tiberiu , Leimcke Jonas , Kasal Bohumil
Published: January 2018

The seismic performance of three-dimensional moment-resisting timber frames with frictional damping devices was investigated experimentally. This article describes a novel three-dimensional beam-to-column connection which was designed to behave rigidly up to moderate seismic intensities and to start the frictional dissipating behavior at higher intensities. The three-dimensional beam-to-column connection component was initially tested under cyclic loading, and then the connection was mounted in a three-level prototype frame and tested on a shake table. From the cyclic loading tests, the energy dissipation of the proposed beam-to-column connection was higher than the equivalent rigid connection. The frame demonstrated self-aligning capabilities without permanent drift at seismic intensities up to 1.4  g and maintained strength up to high seismic intensities of 2  g. Because wood frames allow for large elastic deflections and can exhibit excellent self-aligning capabilities ( i.e., connections tolerate large rotations within safe stress levels), the proposed frictional beam-to-column connection is a promising alternative for moment-resisting timber frames that can be used to prevent structural members from reaching critical stresses.
Testing Situational Action Theory: A narrative review of studies published between 2006 and 2015
Authors: Pauwels Lieven J.R. , Svensson Robert , Hirtenlehner Helmut
Published: January 2018

This work provides an overview of the current state of research on Situational Action Theory (SAT). Studies that have examined core propositions of SAT within the period 2006 to 2015 are reviewed. The principal aim of this narrative review is to answer the following four questions: (1) Which hypotheses of SAT have been put to the test in empirical enquiries? (2) What does the empirical evidence say about these propositions? (3) Which statements of the theory have received little attention? (4) What are the consequences of the results for future enquiries? An overall finding of this review is that numerous studies have tested selected propositions of the theory using different methods, data and statistical procedures. A majority of these studies found some support for the hypotheses tested, but there are also a few studies that did not back key assumptions of the theory. The reasons for the divergent results are discussed.
Conditional relevance of controls: A simultaneous test of the influences of self-control and deterrence on criminal behaviour in the context of Situational Action Theory
Authors: Schepers Debbie , Reinecke Jost
Published: January 2018

Situational Action Theory includes a series of propositions on the interaction between the moral filter and internal and external controls. These reflections are condensed into the principle of the conditional relevance of controls and the principle of moral correspondence. In this study, the interplay of controls and moral forces is tested within the framework of structural equation modelling. Survey data from two cohorts of students in the German cities of Dortmund (North-Rhine Westphalia) and Nuremberg (Bavaria) serve as the empirical base. By using multiple group comparisons, the influences of self-control and deterrence on self-reported delinquency are examined simultaneously for four different subgroups of respondents formed on the basis of their levels of crime propensity and criminogenic exposure. The analyses provide support for a conditional relevance of controls, but produce only mixed evidence for the principle of moral correspondence. Controls are more important when the moral filter is weak, but fail to lose their explanatory power among adolescents characterized by both high propensity and strong exposure. Our findings furthermore suggest that self-control appears to matter particularly when the moral context encourages crime and deterrence seems to be influential especially when personal morality encourages crime.
First Experiences With a Wearable Multisensor in an Outpatient Glucose Monitoring Study, Part I: The Users’ View
Authors: Caduff Andreas , Zanon Mattia , Zakharov Pavel , Mueller Martin , Talary Mark , Krebs Achim , Stahel Werner A. , Donath Marc
Published: January 2018

Background:

Extensive past work showed that noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring with a wearable Multisensor device worn on the upper arm provides useful information about glucose trends to improve diabetes therapy in controlled and semicontrolled conditions.

Methods:

To test previous findings also in uncontrolled in-clinic and outpatient conditions, a long-term study has been conducted to collect Multisensor and reference glucose data in a population of 20 type 1 diabetes subjects. A total of 1072 study days were collected and a fully on-line compatible algorithmic routine linking Multisensor data to glucose applied to estimate glucose trends noninvasively. The operation of a digital log book, daily semiautomated data transfer and at least 10 daily SMBG values were requested from the patient.

Results:

Results showed that the Multisensor is capable of indicating glucose trends. It can do so in 9 out of 10 cases either correctly or with one level of discrepancy. This means that in 90% of all cases the Multisensor shows the glucose dynamic to rapidly increase or at least increase.

Conclusions:

The Multisensor and the algorithmic routine used in controlled conditions can track glucose trends in all patients, also in uncontrolled conditions. Training of the patient proved to be essential. The workload imposed on patients was significant and should be reduced in the next step with further automation. The feature of glucose trend indication was welcomed and very much appreciated by patients; this value creation makes a strong case for the justification of wearing a wearable.
Choice and Constraint in the Negotiation of the Grandparent Role: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: McGarrigle Christine A. , Timonen Virpi , Layte Richard
Published: January 2018

Few studies have examined how the allocation and consequences of grandchild care vary across different socioeconomic groups. We analyze qualitative data alongside data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), in a convergent mixed-methods approach. Regression models examined characteristics associated with grandchild care, and the relationship between grandchild care and depressive symptoms and well-being. Qualitative data shed light on processes and choices that explain patterns of grandchild care provision. Tertiary-educated grandparents provided less intensive grandchild care compared with primary educated. Qualitative data indicated that this pattern stems from early boundary-drawing among higher educated grandparents while lower socioeconomic groups were constrained and less able to say no. Intensive grandchild care was associated with more depressive symptoms and lower well-being and was moderated by participation in social activities and level of education attainment. The effect of grandchild care on well-being of grandparents depends on whether it is provided by choice or obligation.
Recent advances of the signal processing techniques in future smart grids
Authors: Uddin Zahoor , Ahmad Ayaz , Qamar Aamir , Altaf Muhammad
Published: January 2018

Smart grid is an emerging research field of the current decade. The distinguished features of the smart grid are monitoring capability with data integration, advanced analysis to support system control, enhanced power security and effective communication to meet the power demand. Efficient energy consumption and minimum costs are also included in the prodigious features of smart grid. The smart grid implementation requires intelligent interaction between the power generating and consuming devices that can be achieved by installing devices capable of processing data and communicating it to various parts of the grid. The efficiency of these devices is greatly dependent on the selection and implementation of the advance digital signal processing techniques. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the applications of signal processing techniques in smart grids, plus the challenges and shortcomings of these techniques. Furthermore, this paper also outlines some future research directions related to applications of signal processing in smart grids.
A two-step inversion approach for seismic-reservoir characterization and a comparison with a single-loop Markov-chain Monte Carlo algorithm
Authors: Aleardi Mattia , Ciabarri Fabio , Gukov Timur
Published: January 2018

We have evaluated a two-step Bayesian algorithm for seismic-reservoir characterization, which, thanks to some simplifying assumptions, is computationally very efficient. The applicability and reliability of this method are assessed by comparison with a more sophisticated and computer-intensive Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, which in a single loop directly estimates petrophysical properties and lithofluid facies from prestack data. The two-step method first combines a linear rock-physics model (RPM) with the analytical solution of a linearized amplitude versus angle (AVA) inversion, to directly estimate the petrophysical properties, and related uncertainties, from prestack data under the assumptions of a Gaussian prior model and weak elastic contrasts at the reflecting interface. In particular, we use an empirical, linear RPM, properly calibrated for the investigated area, to reparameterize the linear time-continuous P-wave reflectivity equation in terms of petrophysical contrasts instead of elastic constants. In the second step, a downward 1D Markov-chain prior model is used to infer the lithofluid classes from the outcomes of the first step. The single-loop (SL) MCMC algorithm uses a convolutional forward modeling based on the exact Zoeppritz equations, and it adopts a nonlinear RPM. Moreover, it assumes a more realistic Gaussian mixture distribution for the petrophysical properties. Both approaches are applied on an onshore 3D seismic data set for the characterization of a gas-bearing, clastic reservoir. Notwithstanding the differences in the forward-model parameterization, in the considered RPM, and in the assumed a priori probability density functions, the two methods yield maximum a posteriori solutions that are consistent with well-log data, although the Gaussian mixture assumption adopted by the SL method slightly improves the description of the multimodal behavior of the petrophysical parameters. However, in the considered reservoir, the main difference between the two approaches remains the very different computational times, the SL method being much more computationally intensive than the two-step approach.
Numerical simulation of the in situ stress in a high-rank coal reservoir and its effect on coal-bed methane well productivity
Authors: Yin Shuai , Li Airong , Jia Qiang , Ding Wenlong , Li Yanxia
Published: January 2018

In situ stress has an important influence on coal reservoir permeability, fracturing, and production capacity. In this paper, fracturing testing, imaging logging, and 3D finite-element simulation were used to study the current in situ stress field of a coal reservoir with a high coal rank. The results indicated that the horizontal stress field within the coal reservoir is controlled by the burial depth, folding, and faulting. The [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values within the coal reservoir are 1–2.5 MPa higher than those within the clastic rocks of the roof and floor. The [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] values of the coal reservoir are generally between 2 and 6 MPa and increase with burial depth. When the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] value is less than 5 MPa, production from a single well is high, but when the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] value is greater than 5 MPa, production from a single well is low. In addition, the accumulated water production is high when the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] value is greater than 5 MPa, demonstrating that a higher [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] value allows the hydraulic fractures to more easily penetrate the roof and floor of the coal seam. In coal-bed methane development regions with high [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] values, repeated fracturing using the small-scale plug removal method — which is a fracturing method that uses a small volume of liquid, small displacement, and low sand concentration — is suggested.
The Political Life of Cancer
Authors: Kelley Lindsay
Published: January 2018

One of the late Beatriz da Costa’s last projects, Dying for the Other (2011), presents three channels of video footage from testing environments, including laboratories, hospitals, kitchens, and living rooms offset by pink mice wriggling in their cage, living and dead mice weighed and handled by breast cancer researchers, and the materials of laboratory and medical work: test tubes, petri dishes, scalpels. Together across three shared video channels, bald pink mice have materially moved into da Costa’s frail body through a deft game of pharmacological cat’s cradle. This article will investigate da Costa’s Dying for the Other and a related project, the Anti-cancer Survival Kit (2013), as engagements with Elizabeth Wilson’s articulation of the gut as “an organ of mind.” Figuring the eating body as ecosystem illuminates how cancer’s political potential furthers both Wilson’s desire for “sustained attention [to] the nature of attacking, sadistic impulses, and the difficulties of how to live (and politick) with them” and Scott Gilbert, Jan Sapp, and Alfred Tauber’s call for “intermingled symbiont relationships.” The multispecies power structures playing out in Dying for the Other and the Anti-cancer Survival Kit reveal the political life of cancer to be animated by cellular and culinary anarchisms, bile, toxicity, frustration, and, in da Costa’s words, “more than even I can take.”
Astrobiology and the Ultraviolet World
Authors: Praet Istvan
Published: January 2018

Astrobiology is normally envisaged as the scientific endeavor preoccupied with the search for life beyond Earth. What remains underappreciated, however, is that it is also a hotbed of transversal thinking. It links disciplines that have historically grown up in isolation from each other—such as solar physics, atmospheric science, dermatology, and ophthalmology (eye biology)—in remarkable ways. And even though these links may cast new light on the question of extraterrestrial life, they are an interesting topic of study in their own right. The present study illustrates this ethnographically, by using the angle of ultraviolet. Specifically, I focus on the ultraviolet spectrum to examine how astrobiologists look at celestial bodies, planetary atmospheres, the skin, and the eye. More generally, this article is a reflection on how outer space can be apprehended from a humanities perspective.
Preparing for Catastrophe on the Polar Frontier
Authors: O’reilly Jessica
Published: January 2018

From a distance, Antarctica invokes extreme imaginaries and possibilities. In the practice of everyday human Antarctic life, however, daily tasks and risks are heavily managed, mitigated, and overseen. To analyze the spectacular and mundane natures of human life in Antarctica, I will compare the paramilitary practicalities of Antarctic research station and field camp life with the visions of the Antarctic as a place of sublime wild nature, violent death, and climate disaster. Using three signature events in Antarctic field training—predeparture, orientation, and navigation—I consider how people visiting the Antarctic are trained to order their lives and work, especially in preparation for emergencies. Notions of risk, danger, and catastrophe hinge on the broader historical and cultural contexts of Antarctica as a frontier zone, making preparedness in the Antarctic gendered, militaristic, and highly ritualized. Finally, I compare climate catastrophe at a global scale—the other sort and scale of emergency Antarctic people are occupied with—with how traditional field preparedness maps onto this potential disaster. In field training, Antarctic people counter the tropes of wild nature with extreme and exaggerated performances of bureaucracy; this analysis, then, considers the generative potential of technocratic practices in the face of the Anthropocene, an environmental expression of human triumph and disaster. Practicing risk management requires practices of embodiment as well as literal and figurative orientations to potential hazards.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma: imaging evaluation post treatment
Authors: Kellock Trenton , Liang Teresa , Harris Alison , Schellenberg Devin , Ma Roy , Ho Stephen , Yap Wan Wan
Published: January 2018

Surgical resection, when feasible, is the standard of care for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, many tumours are not resectable at the time of diagnosis. Recently, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as a non-invasive local therapy for both non-resectable primary hepatic malignancies as well as hepatic metastases. Knowledge of the expected hepatic parenchymal appearance post treatment, as well as potential pitfalls and complications, is essential for accurate evaluation of treatment response. This pictorial review provides a fundamental description of the SBRT technique, outlines the expected cross-sectional imaging appearances of tumour response, and highlights potential pitfalls in interpretation. The expected liver parenchymal changes post-SBRT are also reviewed, along with some common radiation-induced complications.
Safety of working patterns among UK neuroradiologists: what can we learn from the aviation industry and cognitive science?
Authors: Reicher John , Currie Stuart , Birchall Daniel
Published: January 2018

As the volume and complexity of imaging in the UK continues to rise, there is pressure on radiologists to spend increasing lengths of time reporting to cope with the growing workload. However, there is limited guidance for radiologists about structuring the working day to strike the necessary balance between achieving satisfactory reporting volume and maintaining quality and safety. We surveyed 86 neuroradiologists (receiving 59 responses), regarding time spent reporting, frequency and duration of work breaks, and break activities. Our results demonstrate that some neuroradiologists report for up to 12 h a day and for 4 h before taking a break. Mean duration of breaks is less than 15 min and these often consist of computer screen-based or cognitively demanding tasks. Many areas of medicine have looked to the aviation industry to develop improvements in safety through regulated, standardised practices. There are parallels between the work of air traffic controllers (ATCs) and radiologists. We review the legislation that controls the working hours of UK ATCs to minimise fatigue-related errors, and its scientific basis. We also consider the vigilance decrement, a concept in cognitive science which describes the reduction in performance with increasing time-on-task. We conclude that, in comparison with ATCs, work patterns among radiologists are poorly standardised and potentially dangerous. Evidence suggests that placing limits on reporting time and minimum break duration, as well as ensuring appropriate break activities, can benefit reporting quality. It is imperative that radiologists and managers heed these lessons, to improve standards and protect patients from error.
Pre-hospital delay in Vietnamese patients hospitalized with a first acute myocardial infarction: A short report
Authors: Nguyen Hoa L. , Phan Dat T. , Ha Duc A. , Nguyen Quang N. , Goldberg Robert J.
Published: January 2018

Background: Administration of coronary reperfusion therapy to patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within the proper timeframe is essential in avoiding clinical complications and death. However, the extent of pre-hospital delay is unexplored in Vietnam. This report aims to describe the duration of pre-hospital delay of Hanoi residents hospitalized with a first AMI at the Vietnam National Heart Institute .  

Methods: A total of 103 Hanoi residents hospitalized at the largest tertiary care medical center in the city for first AMI, who have information on  prehospital delay was included in this report.

Results: One third of the study sample was women and mean age was 66 years. The mean and median pre-hospital delay duration were 14.9 hours and 4.8 hours, respectively. The proportion of patients who delayed <6 , 6-<12, and ≥ 12 hours were 45%, 13%, and 42%, respectively.

Conclusions: Our data shows that a prolonged pre-hospital delay is often observed in patients with a first AMI in Vietnam. In order to confirm these preliminary descriptive findings, a full-scale investigation of all Hanoi residents hospitalized with first AMI is needed. Increasing public awareness about AMI treatment is vital in encouraging patients to seek medical care timely after experiencing AMI symptoms such that received treatment is most effective.
Variation in the effectiveness of insecticide treated nets against malaria and outdoor biting by vectors in Kilifi, Kenya
Authors: Kamau Alice , Mwangangi Joseph M. , Rono Martin K. , Mogeni Polycarp , Omedo Irene , Midega Janet , Scott J. Anthony G. , Bejon Philip
Published: January 2018

Background: Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) protect humans against bites from the Anopheles mosquito vectors that transmit malaria, thereby reducing malaria morbidity and mortality. It has been noted that ITN use leads to a switch from indoor to outdoor feeding among these vectors. It might be expected that outdoor feeding would undermine the effectiveness of ITNs that target indoors vectors, but data are limited.

Methods: We linked homestead level geospatial data to clinical surveillance data at a primary healthcare facility in Kilifi County in order to map geographical heterogeneity in ITN effectiveness and observed vector feeding behaviour using landing catches and CDC light traps in six selected areas of varying ITN effectiveness. We quantified the interaction between mosquitoes and humans to evaluate whether outdoor vector biting is a potential explanation for the variation in ITN effectiveness.

Results: We observed 37% and 46% visits associated with positive malaria slides among ITN users and non-ITN-users, respectively; ITN use was associated with 32% protection from malaria (crude OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.73). We obtained significant modification of ITN effectiveness by geographical area (p=0.016), and identified significant hotspots using the spatial scan statistic. Majority of mosquitoes were caught outdoor (60%) and were of the An. funestus group (75%). The overall propensity to feed at times when most people are indoor was high; the vast majority of the Anopheles mosquitoes were caught at times when most people are indoor. Estimates for the proportion of human-mosquito contact between the first and last hour when most humans were indoor was consistently high, ranging from 0.83 to 1.00.

Conclusion: Our data therefore do not support the hypothesis that outdoor biting limits the effectiveness of ITNs in our study area.
Hyperspectral imaging of tissue perfusion and oxygenation in wounds: assessing the impact of a micro capillary dressing
Authors: Wild Thomas , Becker Markus , Winter Jochen , Schuhschenk Nicole , Daeschlein Georg , Siemers Frank
Published: January 2018

Objective:

Experimental tests of non-invasive multi- or hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems reveal the high potential of support for medical diagnostic purposes and scientific biomedical analysis. Until now the use of HSI technologies for medical applications was limited by complex and overly sophisticated systems. We present a new and compact HSI-camera that could be used in normal clinical practice.

Method:

We assessed the use of the HSI system on the hands of 10 healthy volunteers, looking at control parameters, and those following venous occlusion, arterial occlusion and reperfusion, including tissue oxygenation, tissue haemoglobin index, perfusion in 4–6mm depth=near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and tissue water index. Pseudo colours used ranged from 0% (blue) to 100% (red). We also assessed differences in the wounds of three patients.

Results:

The results show good potential in all parameters in the healthy volunteers, which had high conformity with validated reference oximetry measurements. In three wounds, different levels of oxygenation were identified in the wound area, although interpretation of these results is complex. In Cases 2 and 3, following the application of a micro capillary dressing, improvements were seen in perfusion and reduction of the tissue water index (TWI).

Conclusion:

The camera system proved to be quick, flexible and yielded data with high spatial and spectral resolution. These data will be used to perform a power analysis for a randomised controlled study.
Dermatology prescribing update: Skin infections
Authors: Van Onselen Julie
Published: January 2018

Nurse prescribers frequently treat patients with skin conditions, so need up-to-date evidence-based information on prescribing for bacterial, fungal and viral skin infections. Nurse prescribers should provide advice to patients on general skin care, including using topical treatments effectively and how to prevent skin infection recurrence. Some skin infections also require the nurse prescriber to be aware of public health policy, to avoid the spread of skin infections that are communicable diseases.
Diagnosis and management plan of a patient with orthostatic hypotension, a case study
Authors: Thomas Susan
Published: January 2018

Postural hypotension is an abnormal fall in blood pressure—of at least 20 mmHg systolic and 10 mmHg diastolic—within 3 minutes of standing upright. It can predispose patients to increased risk of falls, decreased quality of life and mortality. The patient's history is of particular importance and has a high diagnostic value; however, the majority of patients with postural hypotension are asymptomatic. This article re-examines the evidence and questions why there are still no national screening guidelines for higher risk patients in place.
Drug therapies to manage nausea and vomiting
Authors: Rees Sharon
Published: January 2018

Signs and symptoms of nausea and vomiting in adults arise from a diverse range of causes, and while there is consensus regarding the broad approach to clinical management, there are many opinions on the optimum approach. This article is intended to provide an overview of the drug management of nausea and vomiting in adults. The main causes of acute, delayed and longer-term nausea and vomiting are identified, and linked to the rationale for antiemetic selection. Key therapeutics for the main classes of antiemetic agents are discussed.
Promoting retention by cultivating staff goodwill
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: January 2018

Happy staff invariably stay in post longer than disgruntled ones; the staff shortage in the sector means that unhappy staff have little reason not to look for work elsewhere. In this article, Adam Bernstein outlines how the home can build goodwill, and keep its best staff
Nurses must encourage effective engagement
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: January 2018

Encouraging older people to engage with their fellow residents is one of the best ways to prevent loneliness and isolation. Adrian Ashurst explains how nurses can lead in engaging with older people and their families
How to … support older residents overcome loneliness
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: January 2018

Loneliness and isolation are major considerations for those working in long-term social care. Adrian Ashurst discusses how this can affect older people living in a care home, and gives advice on how to improve quality of life in this area
Pain and agitation in dementia: a review of the literature
Authors: Richardson Kim , Board Michele
Published: January 2018

Many patients with late-stage dementia experience pain, which can lead to distressed behaviour, including agitation. This review examines this link and looks at detecting and treating pain, and why pain may not be identified or is assessed incorrectly
The impact of the Eden Alternative on hope
Authors: Kubsch Sylvia M , Tyczkowski Brenda L , Passel Cheryl
Published: January 2018

Hopelessness is a major problem in the psychological wellbeing of care home residents. This study aimed to determine if the Eden Alternative, a model designed to reduce loneliness, boredom and helplessness, could also combat hopelessness
What the end of tribunal fees means for care homes
Authors: Themistocleous Chloe
Published: January 2018

The previous tribunal fees system, where employees had to pay to bring a claim, has been abolished. In this article, Chloe Themistocleous, explains what this means to the care home, and what management should do if a claim is brought
Profil Klinis Anak dengan Demam Tifoid di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr Sardjito Yogyakarta
Authors: Lestari Rianti Puji , Arguni Eggi
Published: January 2018

Latar belakang. Demam tifoid masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di Indonesia. Gambaran klinis tifoid sangat bervariasi, seperti gejala klinis ringan hingga berat yang disertai komplikasi. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui gambaran manifestasi klinis, laboratorium, dan tata laksana DT anak yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Metode. Penelitian retrospektif ini dilakukan menggunakan data rekam medis pasien DT anak yang menjalani rawat inap sejak Januari 2011 hingga Mei 2016. Hasil. Ditemukan 158 kasus DT yang terbukti secara serologis (96,8%), kultur darah (1,3%), maupun keduanya (1,9%). Demam merupakan gejala utama pada seluruh pasien. Gejala penyerta lain adalah anoreksia (54,4%), mual (49,4%), muntah (41,8%), nyeri kepala (37,3%), batuk (37,3%), nyeri perut (34,2%), konstipasi (30,4%), dan diare (29,7%). Tanda yang paling sering didapatkan adalah pembesaran hati (29,7%), nyeri tekan abdomen (20,3%), limfadenopati (13,3%), letargi (13,3%), lidah kotor (12,0%), pembesaran limpa (6,3%) dan penurunan kesadaran (4,4%). Rerata lama rawat inap adalah 8,4±6,2 hari, mortalitas 2,5% diakibatkan oleh sepsis berat. Respon pasien 81,0% terhadap pemberian antibiotik, terbanyak diresepkan adalah ceftriaxone (45,6%). Komplikasi berupa sepsis (10,1%), hepatitis (8,9%), perdarahan saluran cerna (5,7%), ensefalopati (4,4%), dan perforasi usus (0,6%).Kesimpulan. Profil klinis anak dengan DT serupa dengan gambaran umum pasien di daerah endemis. Penegakan diagnosis pasti dengan menggunakan kultur darah masih belum banyak membantu di rumah sakit kami. Mortalitas yang masih cukup tinggi perlu diteliti lebih lanjut untuk perbaikan prognosis pasien
Review on investigating the possibility of local hidden variable theories-quantum teleportation
Authors: Addo Dorcas Attuabea , Abel Steven , Ansah Richard Kwame , Nkrumah Isaac
Published: January 2018

The core of the paper was to investigate the possibility of local hidden variable theory and its application in quantum teleportation. We reviewed literature on the Bell's inequality which is necessary for quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation utilises a single-particle entangled state which can be successfully achieved by the application of the locality assumption which leads to Bell's inequality. A violation of the Bell's inequality signifies the nonlocal nature of a single particle useful for quantum teleportation.
Cytotoxic Activity on MCF-7 Cells and in Silico Study of Sapogenin Steroids From Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Authors: Agustini Kurnia , Firdayani Firdayani , Churiyah Churiyah
Published: January 2018

Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) is one of medicinal plants containing several steroidal sapogenins, such as diosgenin, yamogenin, gitogenin, tigogenin and trigoneoside, and also alkaloid trigonellin and some flavonoids such as vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin, which has many activities, such as antidiabetic, estrogenic, and also anticancer.  As phytoestrogen, TFG was predicted to have potency as Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) which is used for hormonal-dependent breast cancer treatment. This experiment was carried out to investigate interaction of some sapogenin steroids and flavonoids in TFG to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and its activity to breast cancer cell line as confirmation. In silico prediction was carried out to investigate their estrogenic activity by analyzing their binding affinity to ERα using AutoDock Vina program. In vitro activity confirmation of TFG extract and its fractions were carried out using MTT assay on Erα-positive human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.  Results showed that free binding energies of diosgenin and yamogenin were -6.4 kcal/mol, estradiol was -6.0 kcal/mol, and tamoxifen was -5.1 kcal/mol.  While cytotoxicity assay showed that ethyl acetate fraction gave the lowest IC50 of 41.81 ppm, with total steroid content of 20.03 ppm.  From these results, we can conclude that diosgenin and yamogenin have greater binding affinity to ERα comparing to estradiol and tamoxifen.  In vitro assay confirmation showed that ethyl acetate fraction has cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells.Keywords: Trigonella foenum-graecum, sapogenin steroids, MCF-7, estrogen receptor alpha, binding affinity
Cytotoxic Effect of Jati Belanda Leaves towards Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Da'i Muhammad
Published: January 2018

The initial research of Jati Belanda leaves extract (JBE) showed the inhibition of breast cancer cell growth (T47D). The phytochemistry screening showed that JBE contain flavonoid, alkaloid, polifenol, and volatile oil. The development of anticancer drugs need the molecular mechanism investigation in order to produce cancer-targeted drugs. The objective of this research is to determine the molecular mechanism of JBE cytotoxicity effect towards cancer cell lines. This research began with cytotoxicity asssay in vitro of JBE towards some cancer cell lines by MTT method. JBE was given in some variety of concentration. The result of this study showed that JBE do not contain tirosid, and contain flavonoid in the concentration of 0,976%. The result of cytotoxicity assay towards MCF-7, HeLa, T47D and Vero showed IC50 value 36,50; 58,02; 53,36; 1806,22 dan 2451,65 µg/mL respectively. It is concluded that JBE have a strong potency to inhibit the growth of WiDr cancer cell line.Keywords : jati belanda, T47D cells, cytotoxicity
Cardioprotective Effect of Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Ethanolic Extract against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Fikriansyah Fikriansyah , Widiastuti Mentari , Wulandari Nindi , Tirtanirmala Prisnu , Murwanti Retno
Published: January 2018

The usage of doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug in cancer patient may cause several side effects. One of that is cardiotoxicity by inducing the expression of nitric oxide synthase which may release nitric oxide (NO) resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiac. DOX needs to be combined with antioxidant since it could supressed ROS in the cardiac and reduce cardiomyopathy. Kelor (Moringa oleifera) is known as the source of antioxidant. This study aim to observe the treatment effects of ethanolic extract of kelor (EEK) on histopathology profile and concentration of NO in rats cardiac. The result from the hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that EEK improved the histopathology profile of rats’ cardiac. Compared with the DOX-only treatment, the structure of cardiac muscle cells treated by ethanolic extract of kelor is more well-arranged and the cells’ nucleus still visible. Concentration of NO was measured by cardiac puncture method. The result showed that the concentration of NO was decrease in line with increasing dose levels of EEK in combination with DOX. But at rats only given with EEK, the concentration of NO is quite high. In conclusion, EEK could be a cochemotherapy agent by reducing the cardiotoxicity effect of DOX.Keywords : doxorubicin, Moringa oleifera, nitric oxyde, histopathology