bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The argument for making large classes seems small
Authors: Cooper James L. , Robinson Pamela
Published: August 2022

In undergraduate settings, one constellation of strategies for creating student engagement and increasing student learning involves small‐group inquiry and reflection. This article provides several strategies for doing this.
Students engaged in learning
Authors: Ismail Emad A. , Groccia James E.
Published: August 2022

Engaging students in learning is a basic principle of effective undergraduate education. Outcomes of engaging students include meaningful learning experiences and enhanced skills in all learning domains. This chapter reviews the influence of engaging students in different forms of active learning on cognitive, psychomotor, and affective skill development.
Restructuring large classes to create communities of learners
Authors: MacGregor Jean
Published: August 2022

In a number of new initiatives, the problems of a fragmented curriculum and student isolation in existing large classes are addressed through peer‐facilitated learning opportunities, or more ambitiously, by restructuring the curriculum to create linked classes.
Using student‐based organizations within a discipline as a vehicle to create learning communities
Authors: Hall Michael D.
Published: August 2022

Student‐based organizations offer another approach to promote learning communities above and beyond particular curricular or classroom approaches. Not only can they create connections among students with shared disciplinary or professional interests on a single campus, but they also offer the possibility for creating connections to larger communities beyond an institution.
Classification Systems for Setting Net-Zero Targets for Industries
Authors: Teske Sven , Nagrath Kriti , Niklas Sarah
Published: August 2022

The structure of the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) system and how it is used in the OECM are described, as well as how the statistical data of the International Energy Agency (IEA) were merged with the GICS structure. The development of the pathways for the industry and service sectors, based on the GICS and IEA data, is explained, together with the parameters that are important for the financial industry. In this context, the definitions of Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions newly developed for the OECM are explained, as well as how the systemic error of double counting in the original procedure can now be avoided.
Decarbonisation Pathways for Transport
Authors: Teske Sven , Niklas Sarah
Published: August 2022

An overview of the main drivers of the transport energy demand and the assumed socio-economic development (population and GDP) until 2050 for ten world regions are given. The countries in each world region are tabulated. Detailed documentation of projected shifts in transport modes for all world regions, including technological assumptions and energy intensities, by vehicle type is presented. This section contains the OECM 1.5 °C transport scenarios for aviation, shipping, road, and rail, each broken down into passenger and freight transport. The calculated energy demands and energy-related carbon emissions for all transport modes are provided.
Renewable Energy for Industry Supply
Authors: Teske Sven , Pregger Thomas , Simon Sonja , Harpprecht Carina
Published: August 2022

This section focuses on technologies that provide heat, and especially process heat, with renewable energy and electrical systems. All the technologies described, except those that use high-temperature geothermal or concentrated solar heat (CSH) for process heat, are used for the OECM 1.5 °C pathways described in Chaps. 5, 6, 7, and 8. The authors have included geothermal and solar technologies to highlight the further technical options available and to underscore that more research is required in the area of renewable process heat.
A Scalable Shannon Entropy Estimator
Authors: Golia Priyanka , Juba Brendan , Meel Kuldeep S.
Published: August 2022

Quantified information flow (QIF) has emerged as a rigorous approach to quantitatively measure confidentiality; the information-theoretic underpinning of QIF allows the end-users to link the computed quantities with the computational effort required on the part of the adversary to gain access to desired confidential information. In this work, we focus on the estimation of Shannon entropy for a given program $$\varPi $$
Π
. As a first step, we focus on the case wherein a Boolean formula $$\varphi (X,Y)$$

φ
(
X
,
Y
)

captures the relationship between inputs X and output Y of $$\varPi $$
Π
. Such formulas $$\varphi (X,Y)$$

φ
(
X
,
Y
)

have the property that for every valuation to X, there exists exactly one valuation to Y such that $$\varphi $$
φ
is satisfied. The existing techniques require $$\mathcal {O}(2^m)$$

O
(

2
m

)

model counting queries, where $$m = |Y|$$

m
=
|
Y
|

.

We propose the first efficient algorithmic technique, called $$\mathsf {EntropyEstimation}$$
EntropyEstimation
to estimate the Shannon entropy of $$\varphi $$
φ
with PAC-style guarantees, i.e., the computed estimate is guaranteed to lie within a $$(1\pm \varepsilon )$$

(
1
±
ε
)

-factor of the ground truth with confidence at least $$1-\delta $$

1
-
δ

. Furthermore, $$\mathsf {EntropyEstimation}$$
EntropyEstimation
makes only $$\mathcal {O}(\frac{min(m,n)}{\varepsilon ^2})$$

O
(

m
i
n
(
m
,
n
)

ε
2

)

counting and sampling queries, where $$m = |Y|$$

m
=
|
Y
|

, and $$n = |X|$$

n
=
|
X
|

, thereby achieving a significant reduction in the number of model counting queries. We demonstrate the practical efficiency of our algorithmic framework via a detailed experimental evaluation. Our evaluation demonstrates that the proposed framework scales to the formulas beyond the reach of the previously known approaches.
Explaining Hyperproperty Violations
Authors: Coenen Norine , Dachselt Raimund , Finkbeiner Bernd , Frenkel Hadar , Hahn Christopher , Horak Tom , Metzger Niklas , Siber Julian
Published: August 2022

Hyperproperties relate multiple computation traces to each other. Model checkers for hyperproperties thus return, in case a system model violates the specification, a set of traces as a counterexample. Fixing the erroneous relations between traces in the system that led to the counterexample is a difficult manual effort that highly benefits from additional explanations. In this paper, we present an explanation method for counterexamples to hyperproperties described in the specification logic HyperLTL. We extend Halpern and Pearl’s definition of actual causality to sets of traces witnessing the violation of a HyperLTL formula, which allows us to identify the events that caused the violation. We report on the implementation of our method and show that it significantly improves on previous approaches for analyzing counterexamples returned by HyperLTL model checkers.
Distilling Constraints in Zero-Knowledge Protocols
Authors: Albert Elvira , Bellés-Muñoz Marta , Isabel Miguel , Rodríguez-Núñez Clara , Rubio Albert
Published: August 2022

The most widely used Zero-Knowledge (ZK) protocols require provers to prove they know a solution to a computational problem expressed as a Rank-1 Constraint System (R1CS). An R1CS is essentially a system of non-linear arithmetic constraints over a set of signals, whose security level depends on its non-linear part only, as the linear (additive) constraints can be easily solved by an attacker. Distilling the essential constraints from an R1CS by removing the part that does not contribute to its security is important, not only to reduce costs (time and space) of producing the ZK proofs, but also to reveal to cryptographic programmers the real hardness of their proofs. In this paper, we formulate the problem of distilling constraints from an R1CS as the (hard) problem of simplifying constraints in the realm of non-linearity. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that constraint-based techniques developed in the context of formal methods are applied to the challenging problem of analysing and optimizing ZK protocols.
Grundlagen
Authors: Kirchner Aljoscha
Published: August 2022

Im folgenden Kapitel werden die zum Verständnis dieser Arbeit benötigten Grundlagen aus den Bereichen der SoC-Entwicklung und der Modellierung behandelt.
Implementierung
Authors: Kirchner Aljoscha
Published: August 2022

Als Teil des folgenden Kapitels wird die Implementierung der in Kapitel 4 konzeptuell beschriebenen modellbasierten Entwicklungsmethode anhand von zwei SoC-Beispielen behandelt und veranschaulicht.
Open, Distance, and Digital Non-formal Education in Developing Countries
Authors: Mishra Sanjaya , Misra Pradeep K.
Published: August 2022

Non-formal education contributes significantly to improve the literacy and livelihoods of individuals. Its significance becomes much more in developing countries where 70% of the world population lives. However, population densities, geographical diversities, and varied socioeconomic conditions in many developing countries make it difficult to offer need-based non-formal education (NFE) to all. Fortunately, open, distance, and digital education (ODDE) has emerged as a viable approach to offer quality non-formal education programs at a minimal cost. Research reveals that proper and effective use of ODDE to offer NFE changes the lives of many citizens in developing countries and may help these countries achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. This chapter presents in its first section an overview of the use of ODDE for supporting NFE initiatives in the developing world and identifies issues and challenges faced. The next section of the chapter outlines theoretical insights and findings of valued publications regarding the use of ODDE for offering NFE. The final section provides the strategies for making the best and optimum use of ODDE to make NFE accessible to all eligible and willing ones in developing countries.
A proof of convergence for stochastic gradient descent in the training of artificial neural networks with ReLU activation for constant target functions
Authors: Jentzen Arnulf , Riekert Adrian
Published: August 2022

In this article we study the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization method in the training of fully connected feedforward artificial neural networks with ReLU activation. The main result of this work proves that the risk of the SGD process converges to zero if the target function under consideration is constant. In the established convergence result the considered artificial neural networks consist of one input layer, one hidden layer, and one output layer (with $$d \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

d
∈
N

neurons on the input layer, $$H\in {\mathbb {N}}$$

H
∈
N

neurons on the hidden layer, and one neuron on the output layer). The learning rates of the SGD process are assumed to be sufficiently small, and the input data used in the SGD process to train the artificial neural networks is assumed to be independent and identically distributed.
The influence of 3D printing on inter- and intrarater reliability on the classification of tibial plateau fractures
Authors: Dust Tobias , Hartel Maximilian J. , Henneberg Julian-Elias , Korthaus Alexander , Ballhause Tobias Malte , Keller Johannes , Ohlmeier Malte , Maas Kai-Jonathan , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Krause Matthias
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Tibial plateau fractures continue to be a challenging task in clinical practice and current outcomes seem to provide the potential for further improvement. Especially presurgical understanding of the orientation of fracture lines and fracture severity is an essential key to sufficient surgical treatment. The object of this study was to evaluate the reliability of modern axial CT-based classification systems for tibial plateau fractures. In addition, the diagnostic-added value of 3D printing on the classification systems was investigated.

Methods

22 raters were asked to classify 22 tibial plateau fractures (11 AO B- and 11 AO C-fractures) with the AO, the 10-Segment and the Revisited Schatzker classification in a three-step evaluation: first only using CT scans, second with 3D volumetric reconstructions and last with 3D-printed fracture models. Inter- and intraobserver agreement and the subjective certainty were analyzed. Statistics were done using kappa values, percentage match and a univariant one-way analysis of variance.

Results

The AO classifications interobserver percentage match and kappa values improved for all raters and recorded an overall value of 0.34, respectively, 43% for the 3D print. The 10-Segment classification interobserver agreement also improved with the 3D-printed models and scored an overall kappa value of 0.18 and a percentage match of 79%. Equally the Revisited Schatzker classification increased its values to 0.31 and 35%. The intraobserver agreement showed a moderate agreement for the AO (0.44) and Revisited Schatzker classification (0.42) whereas the 10-Segment classification showed a fair agreement (0.27). Additionally, the raters changed their classification in 36% of the cases after evaluating the fracture with the 3D-printed models and the subjective certainty regarding the decisions improved as categories of self-reliant diagnostic choices were selected 18% (p < 0.05) more often after using the 3D-printed models.

Conclusion

Based on the measured outcomes it was concluded that the new classification systems show an overall slight to fair reliability and the use of 3D printing proved to be beneficial for the preoperative diagnostics of tibial plateau fractures. The 10-Segment classification system showed the highest percentage match evaluation of all classification systems demonstrating its high clinical value across all levels of user experience.
Die Erteilung der Venia legendi als Gradmesser einer einsetzenden Fachdifferenzierung
Authors: Moll Friedrich H. , Halling Thorsten , Shariat Shahrokh F.
Published: August 2022

Neben Paris gehört Wien zu den frühen Zentren der sich im 19. Jahrhundert differenzierenden und spezialisierenden Urologie. Gerade die II. Wiener Medizinische Schule (Erna Lesky) mit ihren Hauptvertretern Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky (tschechisch: Karel Rokytanský; 1804–1878) und Joseph Ritter von Škoda (1805–1881) bot das wissenschaftliche Umfeld für Studierende und Ärzte, sich mit neuen wissenschaftlichen Methoden wie klinische Chemie, Labormedizin und Mikroskopie bekannt zu machen. Am Beispiel eines frühen Urologen wollen wir den Habilitationsvorgang nachzeichnen und einordnen.
Behavioral heterogeneity in the CAPM with evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Hens Thorsten , Naebi Fatemeh
Published: August 2022

The paper shows how the standard two-period CAPM with exogenous wealth and exogenous returns can be extended inter-temporally by including the evolution of wealth from the Evolutionary Finance model of Evstigneev et al., J Math Finance 12:329–339, (2011). The missing link between the two models is the CAPM with heterogeneous behavior derived by Hens and Naebi, J Appl Econ Lett 28:501–507, (2020). The paper delivers theoretical and empirical results for behavioral heterogeneity in the CAPM with evolutionary dynamics. The market selection process results in a beta based on fundamentals to which the standard beta tends to converge asymptotically. The results of our model are confirmed by data from the DJIA.
Cognitive impairment in psoriasis patients: a systematic review of case–control studies
Authors: Pankowski Daniel , Wytrychiewicz-Pankowska K. , Owczarek W.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Cognitive impairment in chronic diseases such as psoriasis is an increasing clinical challenge.

Objective

To assess the frequency and extent of difficulties in cognitive functioning in people with psoriasis compared to healthy people.

Patients and methods

The systematic review was carried out on the 23rd July, 2021 by two trained psychologists resulting in a selection of 11 studies on 971 patients with psoriasis and 10,242 controls.

Results

A review of the studies showed irregularities in many cognitive domains, including working memory processes, executive functions, long-term verbal memory, attention, and the visuospatial domain. Depending on the methods used to assess cognitive dysfunctions and the characteristics of patients in different studies, large differences in the frequency of cognitive impairment in patients with psoriasis were observed, ranging from 0 to 91.9%.

Conclusions

The authors conclude that there is a need for longitudinal studies to identify factors important for the development and persistence of cognitive impairment in psoriatic patients.
A Bayesian network to analyse basketball players’ performances: a multivariate copula-based approach
Authors: D’Urso Pierpalo , De Giovanni Livia , Vitale Vincenzina
Published: August 2022

Statistics in sports plays a key role in predicting winning strategies and providing objective performance indicators. Despite the growing interest in recent years in using statistical methodologies in this field, less emphasis has been given to the multivariate approach. This work aims at using the Bayesian networks to model the joint distribution of a set of indicators of players’ performances in basketball in order to discover the set of their probabilistic relationships as well as the main determinants affecting the player’s winning percentage. From a methodological point of view, the interest is to define a suitable model for non-Gaussian data, relaxing the strong assumption on normal distribution in favour of Gaussian copula. Through the estimated Bayesian network, we discovered many interesting dependence relationships, providing a scientific validation of some known results mainly based on experience. At last, some scenarios of interest have been simulated to understand the main determinants that contribute to rising in the number of won games by a player.
A framework for benchmarking uncertainty in deep regression
Authors: Schmähling Franko , Martin Jörg , Elster Clemens
Published: August 2022

We propose a framework for the assessment of uncertainty quantification in deep regression. The framework is based on regression problems where the regression function is a linear combination of nonlinear functions. Basically, any level of complexity can be realized through the choice of the nonlinear functions and the dimensionality of their domain. Results of an uncertainty quantification for deep regression are compared against those obtained by a statistical reference method. The reference method utilizes knowledge about the underlying nonlinear functions and is based on Bayesian linear regression using a prior reference. The flexibility, together with the availability of a reference solution, makes the framework suitable for defining benchmark sets for uncertainty quantification. Reliability of uncertainty quantification is assessed in terms of coverage probabilities, and accuracy through the size of calculated uncertainties. We illustrate the proposed framework by applying it to current approaches for uncertainty quantification in deep regression. In addition, results for three real-world regression tasks are presented.
Impact of persistent peripheral neuropathy on health-related quality of life among early-stage breast cancer survivors: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Engvall Kristina , Gréen Henrik , Fredrikson Mats , Lagerlund Magnus , Lewin Freddi , Åvall-Lundqvist Elisabeth
Published: August 2022

Background

We explored the impact of persistent sensory and motor taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) symptoms on health-related quality of life (HRQL) among early-stage breast cancer survivors (ESBCS).

Methods

A population-based cohort of 884 residual-free ESBCS received a postal questionnaire, including the EORTC chemotherapy-induced PN (CIPN20) and the EORTC QLQ-C30 instruments. Mean scores of QLQ-C30 scales among ESBCS with and without TIPN were calculated and adjusted for confounding factors (age, lifestyle factors, co-morbidities; linear regression analyses). Interpretation of QLQ-C30 results were based on guidelines.

Results

Response rate was 79%, and 646 survivors were included in the analysis. In median, 3.6 (1.5–7.3) years had elapsed post-taxane treatment. All TIPN symptoms had a significant impact on global QoL, which worsened with increased severity of TIPN. Between 29.5% and 93.3% of ESBCS with moderate-severe TIPN reported a clinical important impairment of functioning and personal finances, 64.3–85.7% reporting “difficulty walking because of foot drop,” and 53.1–81.3% reporting “problems standing/walking because of difficulty feeling ground under feet” had impaired functioning/finances. The difference in mean scores between affected and non-affected survivors was highest for “numbness in toes/feet” and “difficulty walking because of foot drop.” Moderate-severe “difficulty climbing stairs or getting out of chair because of weakness of legs” and “problems standing/walking because of difficulty feeling ground under feet” were associated with the largest clinically important differences on all scales.

Conclusion

Persistent sensory and motor TIPN is associated with clinically relevant impairment of global QoL, functioning, and personal finances among ESBCS, which increased with level of TIPN severity.
Lahjoita puhetta: a large-scale corpus of spoken Finnish with some benchmarks
Authors: Moisio Anssi , Porjazovski Dejan , Rouhe Aku , Getman Yaroslav , Virkkunen Anja , AlGhezi Ragheb , Lennes Mietta , Grósz Tamás , Lindén Krister , Kurimo Mikko
Published: August 2022

The Donate Speech campaign has so far succeeded in gathering approximately 3600 h of ordinary, colloquial Finnish speech into the Lahjoita puhetta (Donate Speech) corpus. The corpus includes over twenty thousand speakers from all the regions of Finland and from all age brackets. The primary goals of the collection were to create a representative, large-scale resource to study spontaneous spoken Finnish and to accelerate the development of language technology and speech-based services. In this paper, we present the collection process and the collected corpus, and showcase its versatility through multiple use cases. The evaluated use cases include: automatic speech recognition of spontaneous speech, detection of age, gender, dialect and topic and metadata analysis. We provide benchmarks for the use cases, as well downloadable, trained baseline systems with open-source code for reproducibility. One further use case is to verify the metadata and transcripts given in this corpus itself, and to suggest artificial metadata and transcripts for the part of the corpus where it is missing.
The making of accessible Android applications: an empirical study on the state of the practice
Authors: Di Gregorio Marianna , Di Nucci Dario , Palomba Fabio , Vitiello Giuliana
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, mobile applications represent the principal means to enable human interaction. Being so pervasive, these applications should be made usable for all users: accessibility collects the guidelines that developers should follow to include features allowing users with disabilities (e.g., visual impairments) to better interact with an application. While research in this field is gaining interest, there is still a notable lack of knowledge on how developers practically deal with the problem: (i) whether they are aware and take accessibility guidelines into account when developing apps, (ii) which guidelines are harder for them to implement, and (iii) which tools they use to be supported in this task. To bridge the gap of knowledge on the state of the practice concerning the accessibility of mobile applications, we adopt a mixed-method research approach with a twofold goal. We aim to (i) verify how accessibility guidelines are implemented in mobile applications through a coding strategy and (ii) survey mobile developers on the issues and challenges of dealing with accessibility in practice. The key results of the study show that most accessibility guidelines are ignored when developing mobile apps. This behavior is mainly due to the lack of developers’ awareness of accessibility concerns and the lack of tools to support them during the development.
Using contextual knowledge in interactive fault localization
Authors: Horváth Ferenc , Beszédes Árpád , Vancsics Béla , Balogh Gergő , Vidács László , Gyimóthy Tibor
Published: August 2022

Tool support for automated fault localization in program debugging is limited because state-of-the-art algorithms often fail to provide efficient help to the user. They usually offer a ranked list of suspicious code elements, but the fault is not guaranteed to be found among the highest ranks. In Spectrum-Based Fault Localization (SBFL) – which uses code coverage information of test cases and their execution outcomes to calculate the ranks –, the developer has to investigate several locations before finding the faulty code element. Yet, all the knowledge she a priori has or acquires during this process is not reused by the SBFL tool. There are existing approaches in which the developer interacts with the SBFL algorithm by giving feedback on the elements of the prioritized list. We propose a new approach called iFL which extends interactive approaches by exploiting contextual knowledge of the user about the next item in the ranked list (e. g., a statement), with which larger code entities (e. g., a whole function) can be repositioned in their suspiciousness. We implemented a closely related algorithm proposed by Gong et al., called Talk. First, we evaluated iFL using simulated users, and compared the results to SBFL and Talk. Next, we introduced two types of imperfections in the simulation: user’s knowledge and confidence levels. On SIR and Defects4J, results showed notable improvements in fault localization efficiency, even with strong user imperfections. We then empirically evaluated the effectiveness of the approach with real users in two sets of experiments: a quantitative evaluation of the successfulness of using iFL, and a qualitative evaluation of practical uses of the approach with experienced developers in think-aloud sessions.
Coevolution of the premaxillary ascending process and jaw protrusion in Lake Malawi cichlid fishes
Authors: Hulsey C. Darrin , Gorman Courtney E.
Published: August 2022

Variation in jaw protrusion is critical to cichlid fish trophic diversification. For instance, jaw protrusion distance can influence suction, attack speed, as well as bite force, and jaw protrusion angle is associated with exploiting prey from different substrates. Interestingly, premaxillary ascending process length has been shown to influence the maximum distance some cichlid fishes protrude their oral jaws, but its relationship to jaw protrusion angle is unclear. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, morphometrics, and field measurements in Malawi cichlid species, we tested the relationship between the length of the premaxillary ascending process and two components of jaw protrusion. In Malawi, the premaxilla's ascending process length ranged from 6.9 to 15.2% with respect to standard length. Maximum jaw protrusion ranged from 1.4 to 9.1% of standard length and jaw protrusion angle varied from 17° to 76°. Although jaw protrusion angle was not associated with premaxillary ascending process length, phylogenetically adjusted correlations between the ascending process and maximum jaw protrusion distance were highly significant. Evolutionary change in the premaxilla is likely critical for determining the maximum distance, but not the angle, of Malawi cichlid jaw protrusion. Examinations of this type of potential phenotypic multi-functionality will continue to illuminate the mechanisms contributing to cichlid fish diversity.
Syntactic conditions on cumulative readings of German jeder ‘every’ DPs
Authors: Haslinger Nina , Schmitt Viola
Published: August 2022

English every-DPs can have cumulative readings relative to plural DPs, but only under severe syntactic constraints. This paper discusses different potential formulations of these constraints for the German correlate of every-DPs, jed-DPs. We argue that existing ‘surface-oriented’ hypotheses face empirical problems and propose a new hypothesis, namely that the availability of a cumulative reading relative to another plural X is sensitive to all positions in the derivational chain of X. We then spell out one possible semantic analysis of this pattern and sketch the consequences of this hypothesis for future empirical work.
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mauri Fabio , Cottler-Casanova Sara , Cavassini Matthias , Stoeckle Marcel , Wandeler Gilles , Schmid Patrick , Braun Dominique L , Scherrer Alexandra , Bernasconi Enos , Calmy Alexandra , Abdulcadir Jasmine
Published: August 2022

FGM/C is a harmful practice that involves injury of the external female genitalia without medical purpose. It is mainly practiced in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. However, with the migratory flows, women and girls with FGM/C and its consequences live all over the world. The lack of knowledge on how to care for women and girls living with FGM/C extends among all categories of health professionals involved in women’s health, including infectious disease specialists. This is a national, exploratory descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to generate descriptive statistics about FGM/C among HIV-infected migrant women included in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS). Among the 387 women interviewed about FGM/C and who provided an answer, 80 (20.7%) reported to have undergone FGM/C. Fifty-six of the 80 women (70.0%) who reported having undergone FGM/C, also reported that they had never discussed their cutting with a health professional before. Our study demonstrates how common female genital mutilation is in women living with HIV and who have migrated to Switzerland and suggest how care and prevention could be improved significantly.
Early Childhood Predictors of Teen Dating Violence Involvement at Age 17
Authors: Pereda Noemí , Greco Ana M. , Díaz-Faes Diego A. , Eisner Manuel , Ribeaud Denis
Published: August 2022

The distal relationship between risk factors in childhood and subsequent dating violence in late adolescence has not often been explored using longitudinal data. This study aims to shed light on the problem of dating violence by examining children’s backgrounds at age 7 and the link to the future involvement in dating violence at age 17 using the first and seventh waves of the Zurich Project on the Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z-proso, n = 644). The sample consists of 644 multiethnic adolescents (57.14% female, M = 17.47, SD = 0.37), mainly Swiss-born (90%), though more than half of their parents (60%) were born in another country. A latent class analysis was applied to identify three different profiles (a) zero (or minimal) involvement in teen dating violence, (b) perpetrators/victims of controlling behaviors, and (c) perpetrators/victims of controlling behaviors and of physical violence. Participants who were corporally punished and/or victims of bullying at age 7 were significantly more likely to belong to the controlling and physical violence profile than children in the non-violent class. These results suggest a certain chronicity of the effects of violent experiences in early childhood on the patterns of romantic relationships at 17 years old.
Scintillation for the future in a changing world
Authors: Garcia Jose F.
Published: August 2022

Liquid Scintillation has two main characteristics: the lack of resolution and the capability to determine alpha and beta emitters. Society evolves toward a situation where information is key for management and where sustainability is also of paramount importance for the future of the planet. In this scenario, this article suggests to continue implementing the use of Plastic/Extractive Scintillating resins and to rescue some capabilities of the scintillation to design specific and miniaturize detectors that include alpha/beta discrimination based on particle attenuation or scintillators emission wavelength. These approaches will complement laboratory analysis and are aligned with the demands of the society.
Gauge Symmetries and Renormalization
Authors: Prinz David
Published: August 2022

We study the perturbative renormalization of quantum gauge theories in the Hopf algebra setup of Connes and Kreimer. It was shown by van Suijlekom (Commun Math Phys 276:773–798, 2007) that the quantum counterparts of gauge symmetries—the so-called Ward–Takahashi and Slavnov–Taylor identities—correspond to Hopf ideals in the respective renormalization Hopf algebra. We generalize this correspondence to super- and non-renormalizable Quantum Field Theories, extend it to theories with multiple coupling constants and add a discussion on transversality. In particular, this allows us to apply our results to (effective) Quantum General Relativity, possibly coupled to matter from the Standard Model, as was suggested by Kreimer (Ann Phys 323:49–60, 2008). To this end, we introduce different gradings on the renormalization Hopf algebra and study combinatorial properties of the superficial degree of divergence. Then we generalize known coproduct and antipode identities to the super- and non-renormalizable cases and to theories with multiple vertex residues. Building upon our main result, we provide criteria for the compatibility of these Hopf ideals with the corresponding renormalized Feynman rules. A direct consequence of our findings is the well-definedness of the Corolla polynomial for Quantum Yang–Mills theory without reference to a particular renormalization scheme.
The Pharmacological Effects of Phenylephrine are Indirect, Mediated by Noradrenaline Release from the Cytoplasm
Authors: Al-Khrasani Mahmoud , Karadi David A. , Galambos Anna R. , Sperlagh Beata , Vizi E. Sylvester
Published: August 2022

Phenylephrine (PE) is a canonical α1-adrenoceptor-selective agonist. However, unexpected effects of PE have been observed in preclinical and clinical studies, that cannot be easily explained by its actions on α1-adrenoceptors. The probability of the involvement of α2- and β-adrenoceptors in the effect of PE has been raised. In addition, our earlier study observed that PE released noradrenaline (NA) in a [Ca2+]o-independent manner. To elucidate this issue, we have investigated the effects of PE on [3H]NA release and α1-mediated smooth muscle contractions in the mouse vas deferens (MVD) as ex vivo preparation. The release experiments were designed to assess the effects of PE at the presynaptic terminal, whereas smooth muscle isometric contractions in response to electrical field stimulation were used to measure PE effect postsynaptically. Our results show that PE at concentrations between 0.3 and 30 µM significantly enhanced the resting release of [3H]NA in a [Ca2+]o-independent manner. In addition, prazosin did not affect the release of NA evoked by PE. On the contrary, PE-evoked smooth muscle contractions were inhibited by prazosin administration indicating the α1-adrenoceptor-mediated effect. When the function of the NA transporter (NAT) was attenuated with nisoxetine, PE failed to release NA and the contractions were reduced by approximately 88%. The remaining part proved to be prazosin-sensitive. The present work supports the substantial indirect effect of PE which relays on the cytoplasmic release of NA, which might explain the reported side effects for PE.
Morphometric analysis of low mountains for mapping flash flood susceptibility in headwaters
Authors: Víg Balázs , Fábian Szabolcs Ákos , Czigány Szabolcs , Pirkhoffer Ervin , Halmai Ákos , Kovács István Péter , Varga Gábor , Dezső József , Nagy Gábor , Lóczy Dénes
Published: August 2022

Morphometric indices from high-resolution DEMs can contribute to the estimation of flash flood susceptibility in mountainous areas. We have screened 25 morphometric indices commonly used in literature, and based on a correlation matrix, selected those which showed the strongest relationship with flash flood generation: area (A), drainage texture (Rt), drainage density (Dd), elongation ratio (Re), form factor (Ff), lemniscate method (k), Gravelius coefficient (GC), forested area (Fa) and relief ratio (Rr). Among them Dd, Rt and Rr had a direct impact on flash flood generation, while A, Re, Fa, Ff, k and GC are in inverse relationship with the intensity of flash floods. Our summary map shows the prioritization of the watersheds on a scale of 0 to 9. The flash flood susceptibility ranking was empirically verified using hydrological data (20-year water regime obtained from 14 official stream gauges). Our conclusions only partially agree with former observations which may be explained by the particular lithology and morphology of the Mecsek Mountains. Since the lower sections of the watersheds are urbanized, for optimal watershed management more detailed GIS analyses of anthropogenic controls on flash flood hazard are needed in the future.
Health-related quality of life in adults with low-grade gliomas: a systematic review
Authors: Rimmer Ben , Bolnykh Iakov , Dutton Lizzie , Lewis Joanne , Burns Richéal , Gallagher Pamela , Williams Sophie , Araújo-Soares Vera , Menger Fiona , Sharp Linda
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Low-grade glioma (LGG) patients may face health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) impairments, due to the tumour, treatment and associated side-effects and prospects of progression. We systematically identified quantitative studies assessing HRQoL in adult LGG patients, for: aspects of HRQoL impacted; comparisons with non-cancer controls (NCC) and other groups; temporal trends; and factors associated with HRQoL.

Methods

MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO were systematically searched from inception to 14th September 2021. Following independent screening of titles and abstracts and full-texts, population and study characteristics, and HRQoL findings were abstracted from eligible papers, and quality appraised. Narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results

Twenty-nine papers reporting 22 studies (cross-sectional, n = 13; longitudinal, n = 9) were identified. Papers were largely good quality, though many excluded patients with cognitive and communication impairments. Comparators included high-grade gliomas (HGG) (n = 7); NCCs (n = 6) and other patient groups (n = 3). Nineteen factors, primarily treatment (n = 8), were examined for association with HRQoL. There was substantial heterogeneity in HRQoL instruments used, factors and aspects of HRQoL assessed and measurement timepoints. HRQoL, primarily cognitive functioning and fatigue, in adult LGG patients is poor, and worse than in NCCs, though better than in HGG patients. Over time, HRQoL remained low, but stable. Epilepsy/seizure burden was most consistently associated with worse HRQoL.

Conclusion

LGG patients experience wide-ranging HRQoL impairments. HRQoL in those with cognitive and communication impairments requires further investigation. These findings may help clinicians recognise current supportive care needs and inform types and timings of support needed, as well as inform future interventions.
Stabilized explicit $$u-p_w$$ solution in soil dynamic problems near the undrained-incompressible limit
Authors: Navas Pedro , Stickle Miguel M. , Yagüe Angel , Manzanal Diego , Molinos Miguel , Pastor Manuel
Published: August 2022

Traditionally, Biot’s formulation is employed to model the behavior of saturated soils. The $$u-p_w$$

u
-

p
w

(solid displacement–pore water pressure) formulation can be considered as the standard one, since involves a good computational performance together with excellent accuracy for slow and moderate speed phenomena. Dynamic processes can be studied even if the acceleration of the water is neglected, what occurs in the undrained limit. It is well-known that $$u-p_w$$

u
-

p
w

formulation might display instabilities in the undrained-incompressible limit. Several techniques have been proposed to overcome this issue, principally within an implicit time integration scheme for small strains. In this paper, a robust implementation of the divergence of the momentum equation technique is presented for an explicit $$u-p_w$$

u
-

p
w

approach within the framework of optimal transportation meshfree scheme at finite strain. Several examples are provided in order to assess the good performance of the proposed methodology.
Usefulness of peripherally inserted central catheter port system (PICC-PORT) implantation in the sitting position: a new technique for cases unsuitable for conventional implantation
Authors: Narita Akiko , Takehara Yumi , Maruchi Yuki , Matsunaga Nozomu , Ikeda Shuji , Izumi Yuichiro , Ota Toyohiro , Suzuki Kojiro
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Totally implantable central venous access port implantation is typically performed in the supine position. However, some patients cannot adopt the supine position due to severe pain and/or dyspnea. The present study evaluated the technical feasibility of peripherally inserted central catheter port system (PICC-PORT) implantation in the sitting position in such cases.

Materials and methods

In the sitting position method, PICC-PORT implantation was performed with the patients seated on a videofluoroscopy chair positioned between the limbs of an angiographic C-arm and the operative upper arm positioned on an arm stand.

From January 2019 to September 2021, eight patients underwent PICC-PORT implantations using this sitting method. We also evaluated 251 consecutive patients with conventional supine position PICC-PORT implantation as controls. Differences in technical success, procedure time and complications were retrospectively assessed between the two groups.

Results

Procedural success rates were 100% in both groups. Median procedure times in the sitting and conventional groups were 42 and 44 min, respectively. No complications were observed in the sitting group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in procedure time (p = 0.674) and complications (p = 1.000).

Conclusion

Implantation of PICC-PORT in the sitting position is technically feasible and useful.
Das Potenzial offener Listen für die Wahl von Frauen zum Bundestag. Ergebnisse eines Survey-Experiments
Authors: Rudolph Lukas , Däubler Thomas , Menzner Jan
Published: August 2022

Frauen sind im Bundestag unterrepräsentiert, insbesondere unter Parteien in und rechts der Mitte. Quotenregeln als vieldiskutierte Lösung greifen jedoch stark in die Freiheiten von Parteien, Kandidat*innen und Wähler*innen ein. Die Option offener Wahllisten hingegen findet wenig Aufmerksamkeit, obwohl sie verfassungsrechtliche Grundsatzprobleme vermeiden würde. Wir untersuchen daher, wie viele Wählerinnen und wie viele Wähler – insgesamt und nach Partei – in Deutschland auf offenen Listen für Kandidatinnen stimmen würden. Theoretisch erwarten wir, dass insbesondere Wählerinnen, Wähler*innen linker Parteien und Wähler*innen mit hoher Themensalienz bezüglich Geschlechtergerechtigkeit Präferenzen für Kandidatinnen ausdrücken. Zudem erwarten wir, dass Wähler*innen ungleich besetzte Listen tendenziell in Richtung Parität ausgleichen. Unser Forschungsdesign basiert auf einem Online-Umfrageexperiment ($$N=2640$$

N
=
2640

) mit einer quotenrepräsentativen Stichprobe der deutschen Wahlbevölkerung. Befragte wählten zwischen Listen der im Bundestag vertretenen Parteien, mit je vier fiktiven Kandidat*innen. Der Frauenanteil auf jeder Liste variierte zufällig zwischen 25 und 75 %, ebenso ob Listen geschlossen oder offen präsentiert wurden. Wir zeigen, dass Wähler wie Wählerinnen das Kandidat*innengeschlecht gemäß oben genannter theoretischer Erwartungen in ihre Wahlentscheidung einfließen lassen. Unsere Ergebnisse lassen damit vermuten, dass Kandidatinnen aufgrund ihres Geschlechts wohl insgesamt kaum benachteiligt würden, es aber Subgruppen in der Bevölkerung gibt, die sich bewusst für männliche Politiker entscheiden (Wähler der FDP, Wählerinnen der AfD). Insgesamt zeigt unser Beitrag, dass offene Listenwahlsysteme es Wähler*innen nicht nur ermöglichen, ihre Präferenzstimme im Sinne von Geschlechterrepräsentation einzusetzen, sondern dass Wähler*innen diese Möglichkeit auch nutzen. Hervorzuheben ist dabei auch die Tendenz, dass Wähler*innen über Parteielektorate hinweg ungleiche Listenvorschläge der Selektorate ausbalancieren. Die Debatte zur Reform des Wahlrechts sollte einer Einführung offener Listen deshalb mehr Beachtung schenken.
Ecological vulnerability assessment of the Ya’an-Qamdo section along the southern route of the Sichuan-Tibet transportation corridor
Authors: Bao Fang , Qiu Jian
Published: August 2022

Identifying the ecological vulnerability of the sensitive and fragile ecosystem of the Ya’an-Qamdo section along the southern route of the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor is of paramount importance to reduce environmental damage resulting from infrastructure construction. This paper divided the Ya’an-Qamdo transport section into 22 subzones according to their ecological environment characteristics. Based on the vulnerability evaluation model established by the fuzzy matter-element analysis method, the eight main assessment indicators of ecological vulnerability were windstorm, rainstorm, snowstorm, extreme temperature, extreme air pressure, geological hazard, natural conditions, and social resources. The rating and ranking of vulnerability in each subzone were based on the weight of the judgment indicators. Scientific processes were used to verify the rationality of both the indicators themselves and their weights. The results of this study show that subzone 9, located in the subalpine cold and humid forest and scrubland zone, is the most vulnerable, and subzone 1, located in the low- to mid-land warm and humid forest zone, is the least vulnerable. The conclusion of the study suggests that targeted measures of ecological protection should be formulated before development and construction of major transportation infrastructure. Construction should evade the most vulnerable areas, and in-depth research on ecological restoration should be carried out in low- to mid-vulnerability areas so that the ecological environment along the route can be protected effectively for sustainable economic and social development.
Early Bleeding After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management — a 21-Year Experience
Authors: Odovic Maja , Clerc Daniel , Demartines Nicolas , Suter Michel
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Morbidity and mortality associated with bariatric surgery are considered low. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, and management of early postoperative bleeding (POB) after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass (RYGB).

Materials and Methods

Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of consecutive patients who underwent RYGB in 2 expert bariatric centers between January 1999 and April 2020, with a common bariatric surgeon.

Results

A total of 2639 patients underwent RYGB and were included in the study. POB occurred in 72 patients (2.7%). Intraluminal bleeding (ILB) was present in 52 (72%) patients and extra-luminal bleeding (ELB) in 20 (28%) patients. POB took place within the first 3 postoperative days in 79% of patients. The most frequent symptom was tachycardia (63%). Abdominal pain was more regularly seen with ILB, compared to ELB (50% vs. 20%, respectively, p = 0.02). Male sex was an independent risk factor of POB on multivariate analysis (p < 0.01). LOS was significantly longer in patients who developed POB (8.3 vs. 3.8 days, p < 0.01). Management was conservative for most cases (68%). Eighteen patients with ILB (35%) and 5 patients with ELB (25%) required reoperation. One patient died from multiorgan failure after staple-line dehiscence of the excluded stomach (mortality 0.04%).

Conclusion

The incidence of POB is low, yet it is the most frequent postoperative complication after RYGB. Most POB can be managed conservatively while surgical treatment is required for patients with hemodynamic instability or signs of intestinal obstruction due to an intraluminal clot.

Graphical abstract