bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Development of Higher Education
Authors: Sultanova Leila , Milto Liudmyla , Zheludenko Maryna
Published: September 2021

The main research directions of the situation in European higher education and Ukraine such as emergency transition to distance learning and teaching; problems related to internationalization and academic mobility; the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on research; the importance of cooperation with various organizations; strengthening of European higher education at the international level; and consequences of the crisis and prospects for higher education have been defined. The threats and potential emergence of destabilizing natural circumstances for the development of educational systems in a society, in particular higher education, have been described in global, European and national dimensions.Four groups of teachers that have been formed in forced transition to distance education. The groups have included the teachers of the subjects that required a significant amount of practical and laboratory work; teachers who actively used digital technology before the pandemic; teachers familiar with digital technologies; teachers who failed to master new tools for organizing learning, teamwork and expanded use of digital resources. The problems of the lack of professionally developed programs for online learning, insufficient funding, the need for methodological training of teachers to work with students online, which are common to most universities, have been identified.
Philosophy as a factor of spiritual independence of Ukraine
Authors: Yermolenko Anatoliy
Published: September 2021

The article examines the problems of philosophy development in Ukraine during the thirty years of independence; an attempt is made to periodize this development. It is shown that the independence of Ukraine, in addition to the state, political and economic dimensions, also contains a spiritual component associated with religious, cultural, linguistic, and ideological independence. The key here was independence from the Moscow Church and creating an autocephalous Orthodox Church in Ukraine. Nevertheless, since, according to the Constitution of Ukraine, no ideology can be recognized by the state as mandatory, spiritual independence is also a secular category and presupposes worldview and philosophical independence. The article highlights several stages of the creation of philosophical independence. First, the first stage required overcoming the ideologically biased philosophy of Russian Marxism, that is, Marxism-Leninism. The second stage is the involvement of Ukrainian philosophy in the models of modern world philosophy, the assimilation of its leading trends and paradigmatic complexes. The role of translations of philosophical classics and modern philosophical literature in entering philosophy into world philosophical thought in Ukraine is also shown. Finally, the third stage is related to solving the critical problems of our time, related to globalization, ecological crisis, universalism and particularism in ethics, ethical reclamation of modern society, etc. The article also deals with the role of philosophy and philosophical education in substantiating the value orientations of the development of Ukrainian society, the formation of communicative, moral, professional competencies of citizens as a factor in the civilizational choice of Ukraine.
Political populism and popular culture
Authors: Guzhva Alla
Published: September 2021

The article provides a comparative analysis of the cultural practices of political populism and the popular culture. The leading role of the media in the formation and promotion of popular movements and leaders is emphasized. There is a difference in the understanding of a leader's charisma that brings new values, according to Max Weber, and the pseudo-charisma of modern populist leaders that is created by their regular presence in the media. Populist politician is seen as a sign in cultural communication, where the politician’s personality is put as the signifier, and the ideology that the politician promotes — as the signified. Based on this analysis, three ideal types of populists have been identified: a blank sign that is focused on the present and represents populists without ideology; a sign that is oriented on the past and represents a populist national ideology; the sign that is oriented on the future and represents the reformers, the bearers of new social values. Theoretical approaches to the interpretation of popular culture are analyzed and it is pointed out that a mass society emerging is necessary both for the phenomenon of popular culture and for political populism to perform the quantitative indicator of public preferences. Common characteristics in the functioning of popular culture and populism are revealed — symbolism, emotionality, "origin from people", resistance against the system. The decisive role of the media in cultural communication for both popular culture and political populism is emphasized. However, there are significant differences between popular culture and political populism. Popular culture has its own values, while political populism uses values of others. Comparing popular culture and its impact on culture in general on one hand and political popularization and its impact on the political system on the other, a scrutator could expect for some renewal and diversification of current political institutions that would be a positive factor for the global political system and global society.
Uniformity vs pluralism: an ontological basis of conflict
Authors: Komarov Oleksandr
Published: September 2021

The article considers the phenomena of unified and plural rationality, and hence the possibility or its absence to unify experience, culture, politics, economics, etc. To illustrate the problem, it is suggested to consider the differences between the modern and postmodern eras. It is attempted to deduce the ontological basis of cultural differences and the dynamics of knowledge development in general. Author of the article reflects upon contemporary challenges related to the instability of the state of knowledge, and propose possible solutions of modern social and philosophical problems on the basis of phenomenology.
Comprehensive Research of 10C Nucleus Using Different Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Aygun M.
Published: September 2021

We perform an extensive theoretical analysis of 10C nucleus with the use of various theoretical approaches involving the different nuclear potentials and different density distributions, as well as a simple cluster approach. We try to explain new measured and challenging experimental data on the 10C + 58Ni system at 35.3 MeV. First, we investigate the effect of thirteen different potentials. Then, we examine ten different types of density distributions for 10C nucleus. Finally, we present a simple calculation method for various cluster states of 10C, compare all the theoretical results with the experimental data, and obtain their improved agreement.
Two-Mode Squeezed and Entangled Light Production in Parametric Oscillations
Authors: Ayehu D.
Published: September 2021

We investigate the statistical and quadrature squeezings, as well as the entanglement properties, of a two-mode light generated by non-degenerate parametric oscillations coupled to a two-mode squeezed vacuum reservoir, by employing the solutions of the quantum Langevin equations. It is found that the two-mode light shows the two-mode squeezing and entanglement for all values of the time. Moreover, it is observed that the squeezed vacuum reservoir and the growing amplitude of the pump mode enhance the degrees of two-mode squeezing and entanglement. We have also shown that the amounts of squeezing and entanglement are significant in a region, where the mean photon number is higher, and the photon number correlation is lower.
Estimation of Electron Impact Ionization Rates of Li Using a Non-Maxwellian Distribution Function
Authors: Dilmi S. , Boumali A.
Published: September 2021

We report an estimate of the cross-section and rate of electron-impact ionization of Li. The FAC code (Flexible Atomic Code) is used in order to determine the cross-section and to calculate the level of energy. We evaluate the effect of electron energy distribution functions on the measurement of the ionization rate for a non-Maxwellian energy distribution, if the fraction of hot electrons is small. In several types of plasma, it has been observed that certain (hot) electrons are governed by a non-Maxwellian energy distribution. These electrons affect the line spectra and other characteristics of plasma. By using a non-Maxwellian distribution of energies, we revealed the sensitivity of the electron-impact ionization rate of Li to types of the electron energy distribution and to the fraction of hot electrons.
Продукування ентропії в модельній біологічній системі в процесі полегшеної дифузії
Authors: Gavryushenko D.A. , Cherevko K.V. , Bulavin L.A.
Published: September 2021

Отримано вирази для визначення потоку речовини, що дифундує, та продукування ентропiї в модельнiй бiологiчнiй системi – плоскопаралельному шарi з осмотичними граничними умовами за наявностi процесiв дифузiї для бiнарного iдеального розчину в рамках лiнiйної термодинамiки незворотних процесiв. Показано, що послiдовне врахування залежностi коефiцiєнта дифузiї вiд польових змiнних призводить до суттєвої вiдмiнностi залежностi потоку речовини та продукування ентропiї в бiологiчнiй системi вiд значень, отриманих в рамках загальновживаного пiдходу зi сталим коефiцiєнтом дифузiї.
Дослідження системи LaNi5-водень-кисень методом вторинної іонної мас-спектрометрії
Authors: Litvinov V.A. , Okseniuk I.I. , Shevchenko D.I. , Bobkov V.V.
Published: September 2021

У роботi представлено результати дослiдження поверхнi сплаву LaNi5 методом мас-спектрометрiї вторинних iонiв. Показано, що одночасний вплив водню i кисню на поверхню сплаву приводить до утворення складної поверхневої хiмiчної структури, що складається з гiдридiв, гiдроксидiв i оксидiв лантану та нiкелю. Стехiометричнi спiввiдношення у цих сполуках визначаються долями водню i кисню у газовiй сумiшi. Взаємодiя кисню з поверхнею сплаву викликає поверхневу сегрегацiю i угруповання атомiв нiкелю з утворенням великих нiкелевих кластерiв. Доки на поверхнi таких кластерiв є вiльнi вiд оксидiв i гiдроксидiв дiлянки, вони виступають каталiтично активними центрами для дисоцiативної хемосорбцiї молекул водню i, таким чином, сприяють процесам гiдрування.
Long-term consequences of Lyell's syndrome suffered in childhood
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Okhotnikova O.M. ,   National Children's Specialized Hospital «OKHMATDYT'», Kyiv, Ukraine, 0000-0001-8951-7767 T.M. Tkachоva ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv,   National Children's Specialized Hospital «OKHMATDYT'», Kyiv, Ukraine, Andriyko A.S. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kurian I.O. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: September 2021

The article provides a review of literature on the long-term consequences of Lyell's syndrome (one of the forms of toxic epidermal necrolysis). Among them: chronic eczema with xerosis and itching, skin depigmentation, hypertrophic and keloid scars, nail lesions, eyes, including dry eye syndrome and chronic conjunctivitis with/without obliteration of the nasolacrimal canal, kidney disease, lung disease, Sjogren's syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and others. Clinical case. The authors present their clinical case of an 11-year-old girl who suffered from Lyell's syndrome at the age of 8 and has been observed for the past three years, share their clinical and laboratory-instrumental observations and treatment strategies. In particular, they report about the revision of the clinical diagnosis with which the girl was admitted to the OHMADYT hospital, from BA to chronic secondary obstructive bronchitis, the detection of chronic conjunctivitis with obliteration of the nasolacrimal canals, chronic sinusitis, secondary immune deficiency, keloid skin scars. Conclusions. Despite constant rehabilitation therapy and a significant improvement in the general condition of the girl, it was not possible to fully restore the function of mucociliary transport, as a result ventilation of small bronchi gradually deteriorates, bronchiectasis is observed in the basal segments of the right lung, a polyserial strain S. aureus is formed, which is constantly sown from the child's sputum; it was not possible to fully restore the patency of the nasolacrimal canals and achieve a stable remission of chronic sinusitis. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: Lyell's syndrome, children, Long-term consequences, chronic obstructive bronchitis, obesity, treatment.
Spray solution deposition and Asian rust control in soybean cultivars
Authors: Viegas Neto Antonio L. , Souza Cristiano M. A. de , Lima Júnior Izidro dos S. de , Piletti Lígia M. M. da S. , Martins Karina de J. E. , Bertoncello Bruno F.
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT The control of Asian soybean rust depends on fungicide efficacy and the application technology; however, the leaf architecture of soybean cultivars may also interfere in disease control. This study aimed to evaluate Asian rust control and fungicide deposition using spray nozzles in three soybean cultivars. A randomized block design was used, with treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme; the plots were three soybean cultivars (SYN 1561 IPRO, M6410 IPRO, and M6210 IPRO) and the subplots three spray nozzles (11002 BD, AIXR 110015 and TTJ60 11002), in addition to a control with no fungicide application, and four replicates. The volume median diameter, droplet coverage, leaf area index, area under the disease progress curve, 1,000-grain weight and crop yield were evaluated. The 11002BD and AIXR11005 nozzles provided better spray deposition in cultivars with lower leaf area indexes at the R1 phenological stage. Nozzles 11002BD, AIXR110015 and TTJ60 ensured better management of Asian rust than that of the control treatment, regardless of leaf area index. Cultivar SYN1561 obtained the largest grain yield and highest leaf area index in the season with the highest rainfall, regardless of the spray nozzle used.
Treatment of soybean seeds with mechanical damage: effects on their physiological potential
Authors: Oliveira Gustavo Roberto Fonseca de , Cicero Silvio Moure , Krzyzanowski Francisco Carlos , Gomes-Junior Francisco Guilhien , Batista Thiago Barbosa , França-Neto José de Barros
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Mechanical damage is a serious problem for the physiological potential of soybean seeds, especially when combined with chemical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chemical treatment on the physiological potential of soybean seeds with increasing levels of mechanical damage. Soybean seeds (cv. M6410 IPRO) of two lots with differences in vigor were subjected to five levels of mechanical damage (zero, one, two, three, and four impacts) brought about in a controlled manner. After characterization of the effect of the impacts on seed physical integrity (X-ray, X-ray microtomography, tetrazolium, and sodium hypochlorite), the seeds were subjected to four combinations of chemical treatment with fungicides (carbendazim and thiram), insecticides (imidacloprid and thiodicarb), micronutrients (cobalt and molybdenum), polymer (Peridiam®), and drying powder (Talkum Gloss®). Seed germination and vigor were evaluated sixty days after chemical treatment. A progressive increase in mechanical damage, especially that which causes cracks in the seed coat, reduces the physiological potential of soybean seeds and increases their sensitivity to the phytotoxic effect of the chemical treatment. The physical integrity of the seed coat is crucial for the success of technologies used for chemical seed treatment.
Seed characterization and germination morpho-physiology of Simira gardneriana (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Felix Francival Cardoso , Oliveira Fabrícia Nascimento de , Freitas Narjara Walessa Nogueira de , Freitas Rômulo Magno Oliveira de , Jilani Imtinen Ben Haj , Torres Salvador Barros
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Simira gardneriana (Rubiaceae) is a newly discovered tree species endemic to the Caatinga. For this reason, studies aimed at propagation, seed and seedlings analysis are essential for morphology, identification, classification, and conservation. Our objective was to characterize the seeds, the morpho-physiology of germination and seedling establishment of S. gardneriana. Therefore, we performed physical, biometric, biochemical, and morphological characterization of the seeds, as well as an evaluation of the germination process and seedling establishment. Hydration of seeds was carried out by three methods (immersion in water, on a wire mesh, and between paper rolls) and at two temperatures (25 and 30 °C). Morphological characterization of the seedlings was performed on paper substrate at 30 °C for 28 days. Seeds of S. gardneriana are orthodox, amylo-lipid, have an endosperm and do not exhibit physical dormancy. Hydration and germination of the seeds can be achieved in a paper roll at 30 °C with root protrusion on the sixth day, and complete seedling formation on the 28th day after sowing. Seedlings of S. gardneriana are phanero-epigeal cotyledonous with photosynthetic cotyledons and have ability to regrow the root system. Characterization of S. gardneriana seeds, germination and seedlings contributes to its propagation and may help in subsequent taxonomic and phylogenetic studies in Rubiaceae.
Polyurethane foam from grape-seed-based polyol
Authors: Gu Shuailing , Yan Tingxuan , Zuo Zongtao , Shao Qiang , Wang Biao , Li Xinlong , Geng Fanhui , Zhang Kai , Xu Xia , Xu Jian
Published: September 2021

Grape seeds are abundant in the wine production process. Liquefying them into polyether polyols has been proved a suitable utilization route. Although grape seeds can be liquefied without fractionation, different components have different properties, which might ultimately affect the properties of the polyether polyol. In this study, grape seeds were fractionated by different pretreatment methods. The obtained components or residues were used to synthesize polyether polyols, which were subsequently used for polyurethane foam (PUF) synthesis. The key properties of the PUF were investigated. The results showed that grape seed lignin-based polyols distinctively improved the thermal stability of PUF and increased its density. However, there was almost no difference in the liquefaction ratio between whole grape seeds and their components. This implies that grape seed could be liquefied without fractionation to reduce production costs unless special requirements such as thermal stability are required.
Comparative Study of Bacterial Growth Inhibitory Effect of Three Types of Mouthwashes Marketed in Japan Containing Povidone Iodine, Benzethonium Chloride, and Chlorhexidine Gluconate by Bacterial Culture
Authors: M Funahara , T Tsujisawa , H Honda , D Yoshiga , I Yoshioka , H Hikiji
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Pathogenic microorganisms in saliva are thought to be a major cause of surgical site infection in patients who have undergone surgery for head and neck or upper digestive tract cancers, and a common cause of postoperative pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia in elderly people. Gargling with a mouthwash containing an antiseptic agent is recommended to control salivary pathogen populations, but it is not clear which antiseptic agents are most effective. The purpose of this study is to examine the potencies of three antiseptic mouthwashes marketed in Japan against salivary bacteria.
COMPOSITION AND MODIFICATION OF SOUNDS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE
Authors:   Alatoo International University, Sadykov Tashpolot , Mukhaliev Adilbai ,   Kyrgyz State University named after Arabaev
Published: September 2021

The article discusses information about which scientists were at the origins of the study of Kazakh phonetics and what works they created. In the first years of the Soviet era, in research in this direction, guided by the phenomenon of singarmonism, reflecting the typological features of the native language, an adequate system of writing the Kazakh language was developed. In the second half of the last century, such studies continued, based on the achievements of linguistics and turkology, significant results were obtained, and recently a new singarmological direction has emerged, revising the sound composition of the Kazakh language in the context of the theory of singarmonism. The composition of sounds and their modification are considered in particular.
TWO SEMANTIC TYPES OF VERB VOCABULARY WITH THE MEANING OF ATTENTION IN THE KHAKASS LANGUAGE
Authors:   Khakass State University named after N.F.Katanova, Chertykova Maria , Kaksin Andrey ,   Khakass State University named after N.F.Katanova
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the identification and description of one of the subgroups of mental verbs - verb vocabulary with the meaning of attention in the Khakass language, combined according to the general categorical semen "to focus your attention on a certain object when distracting from others." By the nature of the contextual implementation, we distinguish their two types of semantic types: 1) verb units expressing attention, as a cognitive process that ensures that the subject receives and processes information from the surrounding reality. In the position of the subject under these verbs, only a person speaks; 2) verb units expressing attention as a psychophysiological process in which the subject (man and other living beings) consciously or unconsciously select certain information coming through the senses, ignoring the rest.
THE PROCEDURAL FORM OF PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS FOR CRIMES OF MISCONDUCT IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors:   Kyrgyz State National University named after J. Balasagyn, Smanaliev Kynatbek , Sydykova Zulayka ,   Kyrgyz National  University named after J. Balasagyn
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the place of the shortened (protocol) form of criminal proceedings on misconduct cases. It says that in connection with the ongoing judicial reform in the Kyrgyz Republic, the Code of Criminal Offenses was developed and adopted. Misdemeanor offenses include offenses of minor gravity. The point of view of scientists of the post-Soviet period on the possibility of being an abbreviated form of criminal proceedings in the criminal process, as well as some of them in its denial, is given. An analysis is given of the fact that at present, such a form of criminal proceedings as abridged (protocol) in the current Code of Criminal Procedure of the Kyrgyz Republic cannot be. In substantiating this argument, the authors believe that misconduct is a crime. In this regard, they argue that it is impossible to simplify various procedural forms and institutions, eliminate certain procedural actions provided for in the current Code of Criminal Procedure of the Kyrgyz Republic, and reduce certain procedural guarantees.
SOME QUESTIONS OF THE THEORY OF SOVEREIGNTY STATES
Authors:   Kyrgyz State National University named after J. Balasagyn, Umetov Kadyrbek
Published: September 2021

The article reveals the concept of sovereignty as one of the key categories of political and legal science and international law, which has the character of a fundamental norm; various theories that have taken diametrically opposed positions on the issue of determining the legal nature of sovereignty, ranging from its origins to its modern understanding, are considered. The author studied the processes of creating preconditions and historical conditions that ensure the Kyrgyz Republic's active participation in the sovereignization of the former Soviet republics. He defined the specific directions, course and degree of transformation of the Political System of Kyrgyzstan on the basis of declarations of sovereignty and independence, as well as the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic. Sovereignty is a property inherent in each subject in itself, and cannot be derived from the sovereignty of another entity, in which it sees the embodiment of the real sovereignty of the State.
Modeling social ecological economic relations as an assessment method for sustainable development of regions in the Russian Federationский
Authors:   Perm State University, Shimanovsky Dmitriy Viktorivich , Tretiakova Elena Andreevna ,   Perm State University
Published: September 2021

The advocates for the sustainable development theory question current methods applied to achieve the economic growth. This theory states that the economic growth should not increase the environmental pollution and the social tension. The irrational use of natural resources and insufficient investments in the human capital cause a inadequate development path for various countries and their territories. This article models three components for sustainable development of the RF constituent entities which shape the economic, social, and environmental areas of human life: GRP growth, better living standards evaluated against social wellbeing coefficient, and pollution reduction. This study aims to substantiate the reciprocal relationships between three above mentioned components of the sustainable development in the Russian regions and to develop the forecasting tools for further practical recommendations. The methodology of open vector autoregressions is taken to be the main research method. In this case, special attention has been paid to find the optimal maximum lag value in the model and to substantiate the Granger causality between endogenous variables. The results of the study prove that economic, social, and environmental areas of the human activity are interconnected. To achieve the sustainable development for the regional systems under the acquired model, sustainable development in the Russian regions is achieved by investing more into the human capital and macroeconomic stability. These tools could be applied to forecast the changes in the economic, social, and environmental components of the RF regions’ sustainable development. The tools have been verified with the data on the social and economic development of Perm region, which gives high quality forecasts with a low forecast error value. Further update of the mathematical tools and forecasting the social ecological and economic connections become the basis for the development of the optimal trajectory for the sustainable development in Russian regions and provide better quality for the developed and implemented regional strategies for the social and economic development.
Improved forecast assessment for the expected credit losses in credit risk monitoring in commercial banks in the context of international and Russian practices
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Travkina Elena Vladimirovna
Published: September 2021

Current banking sector’s performance raises the issues connected with the IFRS 9 Financial Instruments driven transformation of the forecast assessment for the expected credit losses during monitoring and credit risk assessment in commercial banks. In this regard, it becomes important to conduct a comprehensive systematization of the existing Russian and international practices for monitoring and evaluating credit risk in commercial banks. The purpose of the study is to develop a comprehensive approach to the use of an effective model for the impairment of expected losses in banking activities. The novelty of the study includes the enhancement of the tools for the forecast assessment of the expected credit losses among the commercial banks’ clients to improve the credit risk management efficiency. The results from the implementation of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments in the banking area show that modern conditions maintain the uncertainty of the long-term impact of the credit risk on the commercial banks’ performance. What is more, a huge amount of additional information gives significant difficulties, which contributes into the sophisticated calculations of the future credit losses of the banks. It has been justified that a forecast assessment model for the expected credit losses of the clients during the monitoring and bank’s credit risk assessment should be based on the collective or individual ground. The efficient application of the expected losses impairment in the banking performance has been described as a fundamental tool to simulate the expected credit losses to provision for impairment. This model has been shown to be determined by the features of the credit activities and bank portfolio, types of its financial tools, sources of the available information, as well as the applied IT systems. The proposed model validation algorithm for the expected impairment losses could reduce the expected credit losses, decrease the volume of the created assessed reserves, as well as improve the overall commercial bank performance efficiency. Theoretically, the study develops the credit losses risk management in the context of the transformations in the global and Russian banking practices. From the perspective of the practical value, the research gives an opportunity to create an efficient forecast assessment model for the expected credit losses of the commercial banks’ clients, this model contributing into the cost effectiveness of the bank’s credit activities. A promising further research is considered to be aimed at developing the tools for the assessment of the commercial banks’ credit activity results in the context of the adopted changes connected with the introduction of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments in the Russian banking sector.
Features of information extraction and approaches to understanding information: psychological aspect
Authors:   Donetsk National University, Papakitsa Elena K.
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of the main scientific approaches to the study of the concepts of «information» and «understanding» in psychology and related disciplines. It is shown that the question of the nature of information, the process of extracting it from data and understanding it by the subject remains relevant today. It is suggested that information be understood as any messages regardless of the form of their presentation, but accessible to human perception. In turn, a message is understood as a sequence of signals of various nature presented in certain formats. The paper considers the process of converting data into information. The formation of data as the basis for the extraction of information occurs, firstly, from recorded signals from the outside world; secondly, from already published data which are presented in an inaccessible form for interpretation by the subject himself. Data are subject to processing by appropriate methods. Depending on the method of data processing chosen by the subject, information with different levels of objectivity, completeness, reliability or adequacy can be obtained. Information becomes available for understanding only after its interpretation. It has been revealed that for the process of extracting information from data and understanding it the subject needs to own certain volumes of procedural and declarative knowledge. Procedural knowledge describes the sequence of actions that a subject must use to process data. Declarative knowledge is knowledge that the subject already possesses and which represents some kind of «ground» for the process of understanding the information received. Understanding is subjective and is always based on the interpretation of the material’s content from various points of view of the subject. Therefore, in a psychological sense, interpretation is always an essential component of understanding. At the same time, interpretation is not a logical procedure. Under the semantic approach, understanding is the result of semantic processing of the information received by the subject on the basis of representation.
Hermotimus of Clazomenae as Anaxagoras’s predecessor
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Matveychev Oleg A.
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes Aristotle’s testimony of a possible continuity between the teachings of Hermotimus of Clazomenae and his compatriot Anaxagoras. This testimony will remain the only one among the later ancient reports concerning Hermotimus, representing him more as a wizard and a seer than a philosopher. In this way, his image is presented until the 19th century; Hegel, Zeller, Windelband and others showed undisguised skepticism towards this figure. The state of affairs began to change at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries, when the irrational aspects of ancient thought started to attract researchers. Rohde draws attention to the profound transformation of ideas about the soul in the 7th – 6th centuries BC, when the soul started to be perceived as existing separately from the body, as a special substance not reducible to the latter. E. Dodds discovers the origins of this new concept in the northern countries that opened up to the Greek world due to the colonization of the Black Sea coast and enriched the culture of Hellas with elements of «shamanism». The ability to experience the separation of soul and body was a hallmark of magicians and seers of a special kind that appeared in the 7th – 6th centuries BC — Abaris, Aristaes, Epimenides, and others. Rohde considers Hermotimus to be the most notable example of such a magician. It was from his personal experience that Hermotimus could draw a conclusion about the irreducibility of matter and spirit to each other, and, as a consequence, of the separateness of Mind as a universal principle. The distinction between spirit (soul) and matter (body) will become the fundamental principle of Greek philosophy; the concept of Mind (Nous) will serve as the foundation for the system of Anaxagoras, the first Athenian philosopher, from whom, in fact, the history of classical Greek philosophy begins.
Methodological features of substantial explanation in contemporary materialism
Authors:   Perm State University, Loskutov Yuri V.
Published: September 2021

In the paper, the content of the concept of substance is defined; the relevance of substantial explanation in philosophical and general scientific methodology of modern materialism is considered; the methodological features of substantial explanation are analyzed. Among these features are the choice of dialectics as general methodology for deriving theoretical ideas about substance (as opposed to the inductive approach and ideas about pramatter), the relations between the universal substance and special substances, the consideration of substance as an absolute reality, the actual indicators of substance in the context of post-nonclassical scientific rationality, the development of substantial explanation from the concrete to the abstract and vice versa (including the problem of the ontological and epistemological «cell»), as well as the substratum approach and the definition of substantial attribute. The concept of substantial attribute is introduced, which is the procedural basis for the self-reproduction of a form of matter or of the matter as a whole. This concept expresses a process without which this or that substance could not be the cause of itself, i.e. the substance. For an infinite material substance, self-development is a substantial attribute, but in each particular material substance it has specific features corresponding to the level of complexity of the substance. In this regard, different types of substantial attributes are identified in the structure of the main forms of matter: in the physical world — a self-sustaining thermonuclear reaction, in the chemical world — autocatalysis, in the biological world — autopoiesis, in the social world — labor. Thus, with the help of the above aspects, the paper substantiates the thesis that modern materialism, coupled with dialectics, creates a number of important methodological prerequisites for substantial explanation to be used not only as a philosophical but also as a general scientific method.
Intersubjective aspects of the social communication process in Plekhanov's Marxist analysis
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Zhilina Vera A. , Granin Denis V. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the correlation of transformations of social processes and their reflection in the social theory of philosophy. Comparative analysis of the classical form of Marxism and the concept of G.V. Plekhanov as a representative of ‘Russian’ Marxism reveals differences in the interpretation of the main methodological principle — the principle of materialistic understanding of history. According to the research hypothesis, there are existential characteristics found in G.V. Plekhanov’s Marxism in the interpretation of the essence of social subject. The paper reveals the intersubjective nature of social subject, which is considered in the concept of G.V. Plekhanov as the main driving force in history. It is shown that «Russian» Marxism is always demarcated from the position of economic determinism. In this context, an attempt is made to minimize the risk of social analysis losing its effectiveness in the existing philosophical directions of thought. The paper proves the leading role of the principle of materialistic understanding of history in modern social analysis. The analysis of modern social relations allows us to note high relevance of studying the essence of social subject. The author emphasizes the contradictory nature of human inclusion in society, which, in the context of the difficult geopolitical situation in the world and globalization of communication flows, acquires the status of a problem of individual peoples’ culture security. In this context, the importance of analyzing the existential characteristics of social subject is noted. The main characteristics of the productive forces of society as a source of social stability are formulated in order to minimize the risk of massization of social subject. The research results can be applied both in the subsequent analysis of the specifics of Russian philosophical thought and in the theoretical consideration of the social relations dynamics and the logic of history.
Russian women’s public opinion on state measures to stimulate the birth rate and support families with children (based on the materials of sociological study in Altai krai)
Authors:   Altay State University, Shrayber Angelina N. , Artjukhina Valentina A. ,   Altay State University, Kolesnikova Olga N. ,   Altay State University
Published: September 2021

The effectiveness of national projects in solving socially significant problems is largely determined by the approval of the population of Russia. Consequently, public policy measures to overcome the demographic crisis should be subject to public evaluation. A sociological survey in Altai Krai was conducted to find out how women subjectively assess the effectiveness of federal and regional measures aimed at stimulating the birth rate and supporting families with children. The survey involved women of reproductive age. The results showed that further childbearing depends not only on economic factors but also on a number of other socio-demographic and psychological conditions: age, health status, personal motivation for birth and the opinion of the spouse in this matter. The possibility of receiving state support is an incentive to give birth to a child for a small percentage of women. The state measures of financial support are gradually reaching their limit of effectiveness with regard to the impact they have on women’s reproductive behavior. This can lead to negative consequences of financial support for families at the birth of a child. Such measures resonate among low-income groups but do not have a stimulating effect on more affluent families. According to respondents, measures that can overcome the birth rate crisis in Altai Krai include: improving the standard of living and economic independence of families; developing forms of employment that allow combining work and family; state financial support for the birth and upbringing of children; state support for families in need of better housing conditions; development of social infrastructure; promoting family values, supporting and strengthening the prestige of the family; preventative measures aimed at reproductive health; increasing the availability of modern reproductive technologies and improving the pedagogical culture of parents and supporting responsible parenting.
Transformation of social and liturgical practices of Perm religious organizations under the influence of lockdown and the pandemic
Authors:   Perm State University, Sirotkin Pavel F.
Published: September 2021

The article provides a brief description of the religious space of the Perm region and analyzes social and liturgical practices and possible options for their transformation as a result of self-isolation of residents of the Perm region from April to December 2020. There is a General trend towards the virtualization of religious space, the use of which ceases to be specific only for new religious teachings. Traditional religious denominations are beginning to actively use the Internet space, offering believers a virtual religious product, however, an important assumption is made that traditional organizations are not ready to completely replace traditional social and liturgical practices, which are an important part of the religious process, with their virtual counterparts. The article clarifies the concept of «religious practices» and suggests that the speed of transformation processes depends on the size of urban agglomeration and the complexity of building a religious space in a particular area. In particular, the analysis of Protestant religious space, high organizational complexity and low vertical structure that allows Protestant religious groups, organizations or associations as quickly as possible to implement its social and liturgical practice traditional religious archetype innovations. The article deals with the peculiarities of transformation of social and liturgical practices in the majority of religious organizations and associations registered in the territory of the city of Perm. The analysis of the processes taking place in the religious environment in a large urban agglomeration with a complex structure of religious space shows the presence of transformational changes in the implementation of social and liturgical practices of religious organizations and associations under the influence of self-isolation and a pandemic, despite the conservative conditions of the internal religious environment.
FindingNemo Library 1: Modified ULK001 v1
Authors: Cahyani Inswasti , Tyson John , Holmes Nadine , Quick Josh , Loman Nicholas , Loose Matthew
Published: September 2021

This sub-protocol is designed to prepare library from extracted ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) DNA to obtain ultra-long (UL) reads on Nanopore sequencers. The UL library protocols we tested are based on ONT's rapid kit, i.e., SQK-ULK001, a transposase based adapter ligation kit. Modified ULK001 protocol consistently produced N50 > 100 kb from a good input quality of UHMW DNA and is our recommended route for best output as it is also the most-cost effective. Transposase-based reaction is done in a large volume of up to 1 ml. The working principle of the ULK001 protocol is shown in the diagram below:
FindingNemo in OneDay: Ultra-Long ONT Library Preparation from Cell to Flowcell in One Day v1
Authors: Cahyani Inswasti , Tyson John , Holmes Nadine , Quick Josh , Loman Nicholas , Loose Matthew
Published: September 2021

This protocol is focussed on the isolation of ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) DNA, library preparation and clean up ready for sequencing on the Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) platforms, all within one working day. This protocol is optimised for human cell lines. Summary of the workflow:
FindingNemo: A Toolkit of CoHex- and Glass Bead-based Protocols for Ultra-Long Sequencing on ONT Platforms v1
Authors: Cahyani Inswasti , Tyson John , Holmes Nadine , Quick Josh , Loman Nicholas , Loose Matthew
Published: September 2021

This collection of protocols is designed to enable ultra-long (UL) reads on Nanopore sequencers. It is split into five sections dealing with ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) DNA: Extraction QC Library preparation Nemo clean-up using glass beads and Hexamminecobalt(III) Chloride, aka. CoHex. Flowcell priming and library loading We have tested and optimised the full protocol in human cell lines. Various options are available for each of the steps and we hope that the components here will be useful to the community and provide a long read toolkit.
İklim Değişikliği Strateji ve Eylem Planlarında Havza Yaklaşımı ve Doğa Temelli Çözümler
Authors: ÇELER Erda , SERENGİL Yusuf
Published: September 2021

Başta Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi (UNFCCC) olmak üzere birçok uluslararası kuruluş iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede doğa temelli çözümleri (DTÇ) desteklemektedir. Bu çözümler, sürdürülebilirlikleri ve altyapı odaklı gri çözümlere kıyasla daha uygun maliyetli ve ekolojik faydaları nedeniyle son zamanlarda ön plana çıkmaktadır. DTÇ’lerin iklim değişikliği strateji ve eylem planlarına daha yaygın şekilde dahil olması ormancılık sektörü için de önemli bir fırsat olarak görülebilir.
DTÇ’ler ve havza yaklaşımının, iklim değişikliğine uyum ile yakından ilişkili olmasına karşın strateji ve planlarda yeterince yer bulmadığı düşüncesindeyiz. Çalışmanın amacı bu durumu, yani iklim değişikliği strateji/eylem planlarına havza ve DTÇ kavramlarının ne ölçüde yansımış olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, küresel ölçekte 40 ülke ve 60 kentin iklim değişikliğine uyum ve azaltım planları analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca Türkiye’de 16 kentin iklim değişikliği strateji/eylem planları bu kapsamda değerlendirilmiştir.
İlk aşamada iklim değişikliği azaltım ve uyum stratejileri arazi kullanımı, ormancılık, havza yaklaşımı ve uyum yönlerinden incelenmiştir. Buradan elde edilen sayısal veriler meta-analiz yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, iklim eylem planlarında, azaltım politika ve önlemlerinin uyuma nazaran daha geniş yer bulduğunu, havza kavramı ve doğa temelli çözümlere ise yeterince yer verilmediğini ortaya koymuştur.
The cinemas in the situation of pandemia
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Remizovskyi A. O.
Published: September 2021

The analytical note analyzes the crisis in the movie theater industry that arose due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Static data is provided, demonstrating how the position of cinemas in the creative economy has changed negatively. Specific causes of the problem are described, models and individual measures for its solution are given. The analytical note provides recommendations to state authorities and industry representatives to compensate for the negative consequences of the pandemic.