bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Construction of Feminine Psychology in Swahili Women’s Nuptial Poetry-Unyago
Authors: Mwai Wangari , Mwenje Margaret , M’Raiji John Kirimi
Published: March 2017

This article examines the construction of feminine psychology in Swahili women nuptial poetry-unyago. Unyago poetry is composed and performed by Swahili women. Swahili is a community located along the coastal region of Kenya. This article, therefore, focuses on intersections between psychology and poetry in analyzing and describing how unyago poetry reveals the mindsets and emotions of Swahili women. Data for analysis in article is derived from research carried out among women of Swahili decent living at Kisumu using observation and in-depth interviews as data collection methods. Unyago poetry is viewed as confessions and revelations of the female self, the marriage institution and that of the marital partner. Worth noting is the fact that the women, whose ancestors originated from the coastal region of Kenya, have preserved the nuptial rituals and teachings therein across time and space. Through unyago, the women socialize their girls from children to women and is a deeply rooted practice in their philosophy, psychology, and culture of the Swahili people. Thus, this article contends that unyago is both a reflection of group and individual psychological reactions to cultural expression through poetry.
O uso dos celulares em espaços públicos: algumas reflexões
Authors: Francisco Kárita Cristina
Published: March 2017

Resumo: Este trabalho visa reflectir a respeito do uso das tecnologias móveis em espaços públicos, nomeadamente, os celulares. Apresenta estudos de diversos países com a preocupação da invasão do espaço público por esta tecnologia da comunicação e os sentimentos gerados nos utilizadores e nos co-presentes, que partilham este espaço no momento da comunicação. Palavras-chave: Espaço público – celular – co-presença
Effectiveness techniques of resources and expenditures marketing
Authors: Taghieh Sediegheh , Khatami Seyed Keivan
Published: March 2017

Marketing is one of the strategies which can increase bank revenues. Principles and techniques of marketing in view of their applied approaches with regard to bank′s financial resources and expenditures and the kind of relationship with clients and practical solutions in order to change and improve clich′e behaviors can be as one of the effective tools in the improvement of behavioral patterns of today′s competitive environment. Progress of relationship marketing in bank can be done in line of developing relationship with clients. keeping relationship with clients is a long-term phenomenon and instead of on-going results future impacts should be the center of attention. In this study concurrent with surveying relationship marketing some cases of their techniques can be studied in general. The method of study, is library method. the result indicates that important factors in the success of banks is to provide rapid services and satisfaction of clients. Therefore dynamic and innovative organization should comply with environment and increasing demands of clients.Then with careful and effective marketing we can realize our purpose of gaining benefit.
Evaluating the relationship between the requirements of teleworking government establishments with the success of teleworking program in Fars province
Authors: Kamyar Foroogh , Saketi Parviz
Published: March 2017

Methodology / Approach: To identify the relationship between parameters of teleworking and its success rate in the governmental agencies of Fars province. Population and Statistical Sample: All the inspectors in the Bureau of Labor and Social Affairs, that include 21 members from the operator information “118”, 50 members from the Fars province Telecommunications ministry, with and a total population of teleworkers of n=71 were studied in this research, of which 20 inspectors from the of Fars province and 30 operators information office enquiries “118”, therefore a total n=50 completed the Teleworking questionnaires. Purpose of this study: To evaluate the relationship between the dependent variable (success teleworking) and 5 independent variables (1.rules and regulations 2. the support of Top management 3. perceived benefits of teleworking 4. Trust 5. Culture). Analysis: Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out, including Pearson correlation, linear regression and multistage regression. Conclusion: The results of this study clearly show that compliance with the Constraints and limitations had a direct and significant impact on the success of teleworking. An interesting point, in this study, is that the simultaneous linear regression model results indicate a significant relationship at relatively high level (69%) between requirements of each of the variables with the success of telework. The results of multiple regression indicate that with regards to the simultaneous effects of the variables consisting of 1.Top management supported 2. Trust 3, Rules and Regulations, 4.Culture, there was a significant correlation with successful teleworking. However, the perceived benefits variable was not significant in the model, and as such the simultaneous effect the cycle was removed. In the information age, with the fast development of systems technologies and telecommunications, a telework program is not just a likely option but a clever and strategic business decision.
A Framework for Improving Web 2.0 Interaction Design
Authors: Hajarian Mohammad
Published: March 2017

Interaction design of websites has been changed during last decade, yet principles of interaction design and frameworks seem not to be updated based on the new technology and findings. Moreover most of the web developers are just trying to copy other famous companies’ works, because they do not have any idea what standards they have to follow, and this is not because there is not any frameworks and standards but it is because these frameworks do not meet new technology requirements. Although most of the research on interaction design did not consider elements such as Ajax pages and different type of device’s screen size such as tablets and phones (and they influence on web page design), in this research author has reviewed different principles of interaction design in different studies and based on these studies and recent changes in technology, suggested a new framework. Furthermore two round study was performed on a social network website, one before implementing this framework and the other one after implementing it. Additionally findings were evaluated to show that by implementing this framework in web design not only developers, but users will benefit from it.
Material and solar cell research in high efficiency micromorph tandem solar cell
Authors: Hafezi Razagh , Karimi Soroush , Jamalzae Sharie , Jabbari Masoud
Published: March 2017

“Micromorph” tandem solar cells consisting of a microcrystalline silicon bottom cell and an amorphous silicon top cell are considered as one of the most promising new thin-film silicon solar-cell concepts. Their promise lies in the hope of simultaneously achieving high conversion efficiencies at relatively low manufacturing costs. The concept was introduced by IMT Neuchâtel, based on the VHF-GD (very high frequency glow discharge) deposition method. The key element of the micromorph cell is the hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon bottom cell that opens new perspectives for low-temperature thin-film crystalline silicon technology. This paper describes the use, within p–i–n- and n–i–p-type solar cells, of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (_c-Si:H) thin films (layers), both deposited at low temperatures (200_C) by plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (PECVD), from a mixture of silane and hydrogen. Optical and electrical properties of the i-layers are described. Finally, present performances and future perspectives for a high efficiency ‘micromorph’ (mc-Si:Hya-Si:H) tandem solar cells are discussed.
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Control System for Pneumatic Servo Valve Using Piezoelectric Actuator
Authors: Beni Mohsen Heydari , Homaei Hadi , Kiani Ehsan , Abbaspour Fatemeh
Published: March 2017

In this study design and simulation of controller for piezoelectric pneumatic servo valve is done. The dynamic model of the valve using analytical approach and the working principle of the servo valve is analyzed. The pole placement method is used to design a controller using observed variables. The valve controls the situation and position of actuator. Then for the system, full order state observer and PID controller based on ITAE (Integral Time Absolute Error) criteria are investigated and the response of system with these controllers is shown and a comparison is done for different schemes of controller design and the best design is selected for the system.
Editorial
Authors: Lisboa Filho Flavi Ferreira
Published: March 2017

Com satisfação apresentamos a edição v.20, n.2, maio-agosto, da Cadernos de Comunicação, que passou a ser quadrimestral desde 2016, ano que celebra seu vigésimo aniversário. Este esforço atende um dos critérios do Scielo Brasil, que recomenda a publicação, pelo menos, quadrimestral dos periódicos que buscam sua indexação. Também cumprimos com recomendações do documento da área de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas I, esforços que na “Letras/Linguística” e no “Planejamento Urbano e Regional/Demografia” já classificam o periódico como B2. Corrobora o fato do ISSN digital, ainda não avaliado pelo qualis, ser utilizado para atribuir o DOI aos artigos.Quanto à autoria mantivemos, pelo menos, 50% dos artigos de autoria ou em co-autoria de doutores, a maior parte, vinculado a instituições diferentes daquele que edita o periódico, sendo, pelo menos, um dos artigos do estrangeiro, neste caso, da Universidad Nacional de Jujuy – Argentina.
Anatomia da madeira de duas espécies de Mimosa da série Stipellares Benth.
Authors: Machado Paulo Fernando Dos Santos , Marchiori José Newton Cardoso , Baldin Talita
Published: March 2017

São anatomicamente descritos e ilustrados com fotomicrografias os lenhos de Mimosa barnebiana e Mimosa bifurca. O exame da estrutura anatômica de ambas as espécies e a comparação das mesmas com outras da série Stipellares Benth., constantes na literatura, demonstra que a presença de poros em numerosos múltiplos e em arranjo nítido ou tendente a diagonal (dendrítico) é traço comum a todo o grupo e, dentro do gênero Mimosa, observado apenas em espécies da referida série botânica.
Vessel Remodeling after Intima-to-Intima Contact Anastomosis
Authors: Yeo Hyeonjung , Kim Hyodong , Son Daegu , Hong Changbae , Kwon Sun Young
Published: March 2017

Background Intima-to-intima microanastomotic vascular remodeling was explored, utilizing a polylactide-caprolactone absorbable vein coupler model (PAVCM), which was designed to simulate a non-absorbable counterpart system with the sole exception of being absorbable.

Methods Six New Zealand white rabbits were used. After transection of the jugular vein, 2 PAVCMs were placed, 1 at each transected end. The stumps were slipped through the PAVCMs, and the venous wall was everted 90° to achieve intima-to-intima contact. Reanastomosis of the transected jugular vein was performed bilaterally in 3 rabbits. In the other 3 rabbits, the jugular vein (20 mm) harvested from one side was interpositionally grafted to the jugular vein on the opposite side to ease the anastomotic tension. Patency testing, ultrasonography, and histologic assessments were conducted postoperatively at weeks 2, 4, 12, 16, 22, and 26.

Results All anastomotic sites were patent, without stenosis, occlusion, or dilatation. In the histologic sections, immature endothelial regeneration was observed at week 2, which was completed by week 4. Regeneration of the tunica media was noted at week 12. Between week 22 and week 26, the tunica media fully regenerated and the coupler dissipated entirely.

Conclusions Despite the absence of a coupler to act as an anastomotic buttress, the structure and function of all the vessels appeared normal, even histologically. These outcomes are true milestones in the development of an absorbable vein coupler.
Isolation and characterization of human articular chondrocytes from surgical waste after total knee arthroplasty (TKA)
Authors: Naranda Jakob , Gradišnik Lidija , Gorenjak Mario , Vogrin Matjaž , Maver Uroš
Published: March 2017

Background

Cartilage tissue engineering is a fast-evolving field of biomedical engineering, in which the chondrocytes represent the most commonly used cell type. Since research in tissue engineering always consumes a lot of cells, simple and cheap isolation methods could form a powerful basis to boost such studies and enable their faster progress to the clinics. Isolated chondrocytes can be used for autologous chondrocyte implantation in cartilage repair, and are the base for valuable models to investigate cartilage phenotype preservation, as well as enable studies of molecular features, nature and scales of cellular responses to alterations in the cartilage tissue.

Methods

Isolation and consequent cultivation of primary human adult articular chondrocytes from the surgical waste obtained during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was performed. To evaluate the chondrogenic potential of the isolated cells, gene expression of collagen type 2 (COL2), collagen 1 (COL1) and aggrecan (ACAN) was evaluated. Immunocytochemical staining of all mentioned proteins was performed to evaluate chondrocyte specific production.

Results

Cartilage specific gene expression of COL2 and ACAN has been shown that the proposed protocol leads to isolation of cells with a high chondrogenic potential, possibly even specific phenotype preservation up to the second passage. COL1 expression has confirmed the tendency of the isolated cells dedifferentiation into a fibroblast-like phenotype already in the second passage, which confirms previous findings that higher passages should be used with care in cartilage tissue engineering. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, immunocytochemical staining of the evaluated chondrocyte specific products was performed as well.

Discussion

In this study, we developed a protocol for isolation and consequent cultivation of primary human adult articular chondrocytes with the desired phenotype from the surgical waste obtained during TKA. TKA is a common and very frequently performed orthopaedic surgery during which both femoral condyles are removed. The latter present the ideal source for a simple and relatively cheap isolation of chondrocytes as was confirmed in our study.
Au Nanoclusters and Photosensitizer Dual Loaded Spatiotemporal Controllable Liposomal Nanocomposites Enhance Tumor Photodynamic Therapy Effect by Inhibiting Thioredoxin Reductase
Authors: Gao Fuping , Zheng Weiping , Gao Liang , Cai Pengju , Liu Ru , Wang Yaling , Yuan Qing , Zhao Yuliang , Gao Xueyun
Published: March 2017

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure of tumors with high selectivity and low side effect. However, it is usually not efficient in long‐lasting tumor control. One of the main reasons is tumor cells develop some protective mechanisms that help them to deal with oxidative stress in the environment. The thioredoxin system in cancer is an important antioxidant defense system. Au nanoclusters could effectively inhibit thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in tumor cell cytoplasm. Herein, Au nanoclusters and photosensitizer Chlorine 6 (Ce6) are co‐loaded in spatiotemporal controllable liposomal nanocomposites. pH responsive molecule inserted in lipid bilayer greatly contributes to the instability of the lipid membrane in lysosomal at low pH environment. Then the payloads can rapidly release into cytoplasm. Au nanoclusters effectively inhibit TrxR in cytoplasm and enhance the photodynamic‐induced intracellular reactive oxygen‐free radical concentration, improving the effect of PDT. Breast cancer is chosen as a tumor model and the Au nanoclusters and photosensitizer co‐loaded liposomal nanocomposites are studied to improve the effect of PDT both in vitro and in vivo, and its corresponding mechanism is investigated. This study develops a new application of gold nanoclusters and provides a new train of thoughts for enhancing the effect of PDT.
Fabrication of Gold Microwires by Drying Gold Nanorods Suspensions
Authors: Kurimura Tomo , Takenaka Yoshiko , Kidoaki Satoru , Ichikawa Masatoshi
Published: March 2017

The ramification pattern of gold nanorods is fabricated by drying its suspension between two glass slides. The aspect ratio of the nanorods and the pinning on the contact line among air, water, and substrate are important. After being baked, this pattern also conducts electricity. The method of patterning is useful for microwiring without the additional need to pattern the wires into specific shapes.
3D Hierarchically Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Modified Graphene‐Pt Hybrid as Efficient Methanol Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Wenyao , Fu Yongsheng , Wang Jiayu , Wang Xin
Published: March 2017

A 3D hierarchically porous carbon nanocomposite constituting of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) chemically integrated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via covalent CN bonds is reported. This porous nanocomposite has high nitrogen content, large surface area, interconnected porous networks, and good electrical conductivity, and is used to load Pt nanoparticles to form 3D Pt‐g‐C3N4‐rGO catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell anode. The catalyst shows an unusual electrocatalytic ability toward methanol electrooxidation, such as high activity, intriguing poison tolerance, and reliable long‐term stability, especially, impressively high electrochemically active specific surface area value of 80.3 m2 g−1, which is much higher than those of other catalysts studied in this work and recent state‐of‐the‐art Pt‐based nanostructures. The outstanding electrochemical performance may originate from the distinctive advantages of the unique 3D hierarchically porous carbon nanostructure of Pt‐g‐C3N4‐rGO and the synergetic effects of the individual components, for instance, superlative structural stability owing to the covalent interactions between g‐C3N4 and rGO, good conductivity and high specific surface area of g‐C3N4‐rGO, and the large triple‐phase boundaries caused by the highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles.
Multimode Coherent Hybrid States: Ultrafast Investigation of Double Rabi Splitting between Surface Plasmons and Sulforhodamine 101 Dyes
Authors: Wang Hai , Wang Hai‐Yu , Wang Lei , Chen Qi‐Dai , Xu Huai‐Liang , Carrara Angelica , Proietti Zaccaria Remo , Sun Hong‐Bo , Toma Andrea
Published: March 2017

A multimode coherent hybrid system formed by strongly coupled surface plasmons in gold nanohole arrays and excitons in sulforhodamine 101 dyes is investigated by using both a steady‐state spectroscopic method and a femtosecond transient absorption spectra approach. A double Rabi splitting up to 255 meV and 188 meV is observed in steady‐state transmission measurements. Furthermore, the dynamics of the multimode coherent hybrid system are studied under upper band resonant excitation. It is found that the bleaching signal associated with uncoupled sulforhodamine 101 molecules completely disappears. Instead, two distinctive bleaching signals corresponding to the middle and lower bands are formed, thus highlighting the presence of coherent hybrid states. Finally, a remarkebly long lifetime for the lower band is observed, even longer than the bleaching recovery of the uncoupled dyes, in perfect agreement with the non‐Markovian regime. These peculiar features can provide new perspectives for coherent energy transfer and mode‐selective chemistry, thus enriching the tools available in the chemical reaction landscape.
Water‐Resonator‐Based Metasurface: An Ultrabroadband and Near‐Unity Absorption
Authors: Song Qinghua , Zhang Wu , Wu Pin Chieh , Zhu Weiming , Shen Zhong Xiang , Chong Peter Han Joo , Liang Qing Xuan , Yang Zhen Chuan , Hao Yi Long , Cai Hong , Zhou Hai Feng , Gu Yuandong , Lo Guo‐Qiang , Tsai Din Ping , Bourouina Tarik , Leprince‐Wang Yamin , Liu Ai‐Qun
Published: March 2017

Metasurface absorbing material, which obtains near‐unity electromagnetic absorption through subwavelength artificial structure, plays an important role in the area of stealth and shielding technology, biological imaging, etc. However, they usually suffer from narrow bandwidth and only work on planar surfaces. Here, for the first time, this study demonstrates a soft water‐resonator‐based metasurface, which functions as an active absorbing material across an ultrabroadband range of Ku, K, and Ka bands. Distinct from conventional metallic metasurface, the water‐resonator‐based metasurface absorbs the microwave by dielectric magnetic resonance and periodic grating effect, which has a perfect absorptivity of ≈99% and an absorption bandwidth (absorptivity higher than 90%) that covers 78.9% of the central frequency. Furthermore, near‐unity absorption is maintained when the soft metasurface material is bent into different curvatures, promising high potential applications for antennas in reducing side lobe radiation, eliminating wall reflection in anechoic chambers, antiradar detection, and stealth.
Academics' behaviors and attitudes towards open access publishing in scholarly journals
Authors: Rowley Jennifer , Johnson Frances , Sbaffi Laura , Frass Will , Devine Elaine
Published: March 2017

While there is significant progress with policy and a lively debate regarding the potential impact of open access publishing, few studies have examined academics' behavior and attitudes to open access publishing (OAP) in scholarly journals. This article seeks to address this gap through an international and interdisciplinary survey of academics. Issues covered include: use of and intentions regarding OAP, and perceptions regarding advantages and disadvantages of OAP, journal article publication services, peer review, and reuse. Despite reporting engagement in OAP, academics were unsure about their future intentions regarding OAP. Broadly, academics identified the potential for wider circulation as the key advantage of OAP, and were more positive about its benefits than they were negative about its disadvantages. As regards services, rigorous peer review, followed by rapid publication were most valued. Academics reported strong views on reuse of their work; they were relatively happy with noncommercial reuse, but not in favor of commercial reuse, adaptations, and inclusion in anthologies. Comparing science, technology, and medicine with arts, humanities, and social sciences showed a significant difference in attitude on a number of questions, but, in general, the effect size was small, suggesting that attitudes are relatively consistent across the academic community.
Discrete power law with exponential cutoff and Lotka's law
Authors: Smolinsky Lawrence
Published: March 2017

One of the first bibliometric laws appeared in Alfred J. Lotka's 1926 examination of author productivity in chemistry and physics. The result was a productivity distribution described by a power law. In this paper, Lotka's original data on author productivity in chemistry are reconsidered. We define a discrete power law with exponential cutoff, test Lotka's data, and compare the fit to the discrete power law.
The interplay between information practices and information context: The case of mobile knowledge workers
Authors: Jarrahi Mohammad Hossein , Thomson Leslie
Published: March 2017

The knowledge workforce is changing: global economic factors, increasing professional specialization, and rapid technological advancements mean that more individuals than ever can be found working in independent, modular, and mobile arrangements. Little is known about professional information practices or actions outside of traditional, centralized offices; however, the dynamic, unconventional, and less stable mobile work context diverges substantially from this model, and presents significant challenges and opportunities for the accomplishing of work tasks. This article identifies 5 main information practices geared toward mobilizing work, based on in‐depth interviews with 31 mobile knowledge workers (MKWs). It then uses these 5 practices as starting points for beginning to delineate the context of mobile knowledge work. We find that the information practices and information contexts of MKWs are mutually constitutive: challenges and opportunities of their work arrangements are what enable the development of practices that continually (re)construct productive spatial, temporal, social, and material contexts for work. This article contributes to an empirical understanding of the information practices of an increasingly visible yet understudied population, and to a theoretical understanding of the contemporary mobile knowledge work information context.
Lotka's inverse square law of scientific productivity: Its methods and statistics
Authors: Bensman Stephen J. , Smolinsky Lawrence J.
Published: March 2017

This brief communication analyzes the statistics and methods Lotka used to derive his inverse square law of scientific productivity from the standpoint of modern theory. It finds that he violated the norms of this theory by extremely truncating his data on the right. It also proves that Lotka himself played an important role in establishing the commonly used method of identifying power‐law behavior by the R2 fit to a regression line on a log‐log plot that modern theory considers unreliable by basing the derivation of his law on this very method.
Chandra and XMM‐Newton: Synergies now and in the future
Authors: Wilkes B. J.
Published: March 2017

In 1999, two world‐class X‐ray observatories were successfully launched and began operation, ushering in the golden age of X‐ray astronomy: National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Chandra, and European Space Agency's XMM‐Newton. Over the past 17 years, both satellites have operated with remarkable reliability and have revolutionized X‐ray astronomy. Our knowledge of the X‐ray universe, a hot and often violent place, has snow‐balled, and with it our understanding of many celestial sources. The community has expanded to include a large fraction of astronomers worldwide, and discoveries cover almost every area of astronomical research. With no clear lifetime issues, at least a decade more of ground‐breaking observations is anticipated. Now is a good time to take stock of our progress and look to the future, to ensure XMM‐Newton's legacy, to focus on X‐ray science that has not yet been completed, and to prepare to take full advantage of the opportunities for new and expanded studies that are now or will soon become available as new observatories come on line.
The XMM deep survey in the Chandra Deep Field South
Authors: Comastri A. , Iwasawa K. , Vignali C. , Ranalli P. , Lanzuisi G. , Gilli R.
Published: March 2017

The Chandra Deep Field South (CDF‐S) was observed by XMM‐Newton for about 3 Ms in many periods over the past decade (2001–2002 and 2008–2009). The main goal of the survey was to obtain good quality X‐ray spectroscopy of the active galactic nuclei responsible for the bulk of the X‐ray background. We present the scientific highlights of the XMM‐Newton survey and briefly discuss the perspectives of future observations to pursue XMM deep survey science with current and forthcoming X‐ray facilities.
Put focus on mental health issues to keep campus safe
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: March 2017

Richard Beary, chief of police at the University of Central Florida, believes in keeping his campus safe by addressing the core problems that lead to crime and create safety challenges. And the biggest problem campus police units face is mental health issues. About 30 percent of people who are shot by law enforcement officers have mental health problems, Beary said. And on a large campus like UCF, many students struggle with mental health challenges. “The majority of our cases have young people who know they need help and are trying to get it,” Beary said. Campus officials can't just say, “See you in nine weeks [for a counseling appointment],” he added.
Body‐worn cameras offer multiple benefits
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: March 2017

If an encounter with police or security officers gets tense, chances are someone will pull out a cell phone and take a video. Sometimes that footage can be shown out of context, so officers having footage of their own can be a real benefit.
Effect of Triglyceride Addition on Oxygen Uptake, Carbon Metabolism, and Polyhydroxyalkanoate Accumulation in Aerobic Granules
Authors: Kanadasan Gobi , Vadivelu Vel M.
Published: March 2017

The effect of triglyceride on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation in aerobic granules used for treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) is unaddressed to date. Triglyceride was added (between 3.7 and 18.5 g/L) to a batch reactor containing aerobic granules and POME. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, PHA content, and PHA composition were analyzed at different triglyceride concentrations. The COD removal decreased to 19% when 18.5 g/L triglyceride was added. Meanwhile, the PHA content decreased from 0.62 to 0.16 g PHA/g cell dry weight (CDW) as the triglyceride concentration increased from 0 to 18.5 g/L. The composition of PHA did not change significantly with the increase in triglyceride concentrations. Accumulated PHA was composed of hydroxybutyrate (HB) and hydroxyvalerate (HV) with a ratio of approximately 77:23. Eventually, the triglyceride was found to limit oxygen uptake, carbon metabolism, and PHA accumulation, in aerobic granules.
One Electron‐Initiated Two‐Electron Oxidation of Water by Aluminum Porphyrins with Earth's Most Abundant Metal
Authors: Kuttassery Fazalurahman , Mathew Siby , Sagawa Shogo , Remello Sebastian Nybin , Thomas Arun , Yamamoto Daisuke , Onuki Satomi , Nabetani Yu , Tachibana Hiroshi , Inoue Haruo
Published: March 2017

We report herein a new molecular catalyst for efficient water splitting, aluminum porphyrins (tetra‐methylpyridiniumylporphyrinatealuminum: AlTMPyP), containing earth's most abundant metal as the central ion. One‐electron oxidation of the aluminum porphyrin initiates the two‐electron oxidation of water to form hydrogen peroxide as the primary reaction product with the lowest known overpotential (97 mV). The aluminum‐peroxo complex was detected by a cold‐spray ionization mass‐spectrometry in high‐resolution MS (HRMS) mode and the structure of the intermediate species was further confirmed using laser Raman spectroscopy, indicating the hydroperoxy complex of AlTMPyP to be the key intermediate in the reaction. The two‐electron oxidation of water to form hydrogen peroxide was essentially quantitative, with a Faradaic efficiency of 99 %. The catalytic reaction was found to be highly efficient, with a turnover frequency up to ∼2×104 s−1. A reaction mechanism is proposed involving oxygen–oxygen bond formation by the attack of a hydroxide ion on the oxyl‐radical‐like axial ligand oxygen atom in the one‐electron‐oxidized form of AlTMPyP(O−)2, followed by a second electron transfer to the electrode.
Energy Storage Evolution Continues
Authors: Schulte Robert H.
Published: March 2017

Energy storage has been called a potential “silver bullet” for integrating large quantities of intermittent renewable (i.e., wind and solar) energy into the US electric grid. Let's take a look at how its evolution is going so far.
Climate Change, “Grid Neutrality,” and Electricity Distributors
Authors: Makholm Jeff D.
Published: March 2017

My late colleague and friend Alfred Kahn relayed how President Jimmy Carter hired him in 1977 to head the Civil Aeronautics Board to reform and ultimately deregulate the US airline industry. Accepting the job, he told a group of airline executives (to their fury), “I really don't know one plane from the other. To me they are all marginal costs with wings.” He used that term to signal his intention of reforming the industry in keeping with economic principles, uninfluenced by the romance of air travel.
Lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of sorbitol octanoate in aqueous biphasic medium and its use in a green formulation process of oil‐in‐water food nanoemulsions
Authors: Wongthongdee Natcha , Durand Alain , Pongtharangkul Thunyarat , Sunintaboon Panya , Inprakhon Pranee
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

Sugar‐based surfactants are highly relevant alternative ingredients for food grade formulations. Nevertheless, the design of sustainable manufacturing processes is still ongoing.

RESULTS

Sorbitol ester surfactants were synthesized by lipase‐catalyzed esterification in solvent‐free conditions. Octanoic acid was dispersed in a 70 wt% sorbitol aqueous solution (containing the enzyme). The maximal conversion of 23.5 mole % of esterified fatty acid per mole of loaded fatty acid was obtained after 48 h in optimal conditions. The performance of the reactor was affected by both the nature and amount of the reactants and the dispersion state. Detailed structural analysis demonstrated that lipase from Candida rugosa specifically catalyzed the acylation of sorbitol on primary hydroxyl groups. Sorbitol esters accumulated exclusively in the oil phase, which led to easy and efficient product recovery. Oil phase containing the sorbitol esters could be used directly for preparing oil‐in‐water nanoemulsion without adding any other stabilizer. These nanoemulsions exhibited good stability after 7 days storage at 25°C or 60°C.

CONCLUSION

A green manufacturing process for food grade oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions was designed involving a lipase‐catalyzed esterification step which produced in situ the required surfactant. Nanoemulsions were prepared without using any other stabilizer. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
On Path Convex Ramsey Numbers
Authors: Jayawardene Chula J. , Rousseau Cecil C. , Harborth Heiko
Published: March 2017

In this article, we will first find the path convex Ramsey numbers for two‐colorings. Then using this, we will deduce some bounds for path convex Ramsey numbers for multicolorings. Next, we will find the convex Ramsey numbers for convex paths versus any graph containing a convex cycle, for convex paths versus stars, and for convex cycles versus stars.
Synthesis and Heterocyclization of 1‐Aryl‐2‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐3‐carboxylates
Authors: Sapijanskaitė Birutė , Mickevičienė Kristina , Kantminienė Kristina , Belyakov Sergey , Mickevičius Vytautas
Published: March 2017

A series of novel isoxazole, dihydropyrazolone, and tetrahydropyridine derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of corresponding ethyl 1‐substituted aryl‐2‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐3‐carboxylates with different hydrazines and hydroxylamine. Reaction of tetrahydropyridone with N,N‐dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal provided 1‐(5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenyl)‐2‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethenyl]‐4‐oxo‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐3‐carboxylate, which was cyclized into a bicyclic compound on treatment with ammonium acetate. The structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy data. The structure of 5‐(5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenyl)‐4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐2,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐3H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyridin‐3‐one was unambiguously assigned by means of X‐ray analysis data.
Main‐Chain Polyimidazolium Polymers by One‐Pot Synthesis and Application as Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Precursors
Authors: Grygiel Konrad , Kirchhecker Sarah , Gong Jiang , Antonietti Markus , Esposito Davide , Yuan Jiayin
Published: March 2017

This paper reports on the one‐pot synthesis of main‐chain imidazolium‐containing polymers, some of which show unusually high thermal stability. The imidazolium polymers are obtained by modified Debus–Radziszewski reactions for the chain build‐up from simple organic compounds, here pyruvaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetic acid, and a variety of diamines. The reactions are performed in aqueous media at ambient conditions, being synthetically elegant, convenient, and highly efficient. Finally, a simple anion‐metathesis reaction is conducted to replace the acetate anion with dicyanamide, and the thermal properties of the main‐chain polyimidazoliums before and after anion exchange are studied in detail, which demonstrate chain cross‐linking by the counterion and a coupled unusually high carbonization yield of up to 66 wt% at 900 °C.

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Self‐Assembling Brush Polymers Bearing Multisaccharides
Authors: Lee Jongchan , Kim Jin Chul , Lee Hoyeol , Song Sungjin , Kim Heesoo , Ree Moonhor
Published: March 2017

Three different series of brush polymers bearing glucosyl, maltosyl, or maltotriosyl moiety at the bristle end are successfully prepared by using cationic ring‐opening polymerization and two sequential postmodification reactions. All brush polymers, except for the polymer containing 100 mol% maltotriosyl moiety, demonstrate the formation of multibilayer structure in films, always providing saccharide‐enriched surface. These self‐assembling features are remarkable, regarding the bulkiness of saccharide moieties and the kink in the bristle due to the triazole linker. The saccharide‐enriched film surfaces reveal exceptionally high specific binding affinity to concanavalin A but suppress nonspecific binding of plasma proteins severely. Overall, the brush polymers bearing saccharide moieties of various kinds in this study are highly suitable materials for biomedical applications including biosensors.

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Blow‐up of the smooth solutions to the compressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Wang Guangwu , Guo Boling , Fang Shaomei
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we will firstly extend the results about Jiu, Wang, and Xin (JDE, 2015, 259, 2981–3003). We prove that any smooth solution of compressible fluid will blow up without any restriction about the specific heat ratio γ. Then we prove the blow‐up of smooth solution of compressible Navier–Stokes equations in half space with Navier‐slip boundary. The main ideal is constructing the differential inequality. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of novel borosiloxane‐containing aromatic copolyimides with excellent thermal stability and low coefficient of thermal expansion
Authors: Lei Yonglin , Shu Yuanjie , Huo Jichuan
Published: March 2017

The properties of borosiloxane‐containing copolyimides with borosiloxane in the main chain and in the side chain were studied. Two series of borosiloxane‐containing copolyimides were synthesized by the reaction of 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (s‐BPDA) and 2,3′,3,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (a‐BPDA) with p‐phenylenediamine (PDA), 4,4′‐oxydialinine (4,4′‐ODA) and different borosiloxane diamine monomers (BSiAs). The synthesized borosiloxane‐containing copolyimides exhibited better solubility than borosiloxane‐free copolyimides and showed high glass transition temperatures (320–360 °C), excellent thermal stability (570–620 °C for T10), great elongation at break (10% − 14%) and a low coefficient of thermal expansion (14–24 ppm °C−1). More specifically, the copolyimides containing BSiA‐2 formed nano‐scale protrusions and the copolyimides containing BSiA‐1 formed micro‐scale protrusions. The contact angles of the copolyimides increased from 72° for neat copolyimide to 96° for 5% of borosiloxane in the main chain of the copolymer up to 107° for 10% of borosiloxane in the side chain of the copolymer. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Photovoltaics literature survey (No. 134)
Authors: Hameiri Ziv
Published: March 2017

In order to help readers stay up‐to‐date in the field, each issue of Progress in Photovoltaics will contain a list of recently published journal articles that are most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Renewable Energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Journal of Applied Physics, and Applied Physics Letters. To assist readers, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions please email Ziv Hameiri at ziv.hameiri@unsw.edu.au. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shear dispersion in the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Esler J. G. , Ramli H. M.
Published: March 2017

The problem of shear dispersion in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is revisited. The aim is to improve understanding of how and why the behaviour of state‐of‐the‐art ‘random flight’ Lagrangian particle dispersion models (RFMs) can differ from that of simpler ‘random displacement’ models (RDMs or eddy diffusivity models). First an asymptotic analysis is used to obtain a formula, valid for quite general profiles of turbulent statistics and the mean wind, for the effective horizontal diffusivity of a tracer in the ABL. Second, with ‘poison gas release’ problems in mind, a large‐deviation approach is used to understand in greater detail the behaviour of the concentration in the tails of the distribution. Results are verified by solving the RFM equations numerically for a large ensemble of particles. Turbulent statistics relevant to stable and neutral boundary‐layer conditions are considered, as is the effect of non‐uniqueness in the RFM equations. The importance of three‐dimensional effects such as the effect of an Ekman spiral in the mean wind are then considered, and criteria determining whether plume widths are controlled by direct horizontal diffusion or by secondary shear dispersion effects are obtained. Finally, a quantitative account of ‘plume bending’ in the stable ABL is presented.
Early‐life density‐dependence effects on growth and survival in subantarctic fur seals
Authors: Pacoureau Nathan , Authier Matthieu , Delord Karine , Guinet Christophe , Barbraud Christophe
Published: March 2017

Understanding the regulation of natural populations has been a long‐standing research program in ecology. Current knowledge on marine mammals and seabirds is biased toward the adult component of populations and lacking are studies investigating the juvenile component. Our goal was to estimate demographic parameters on the pre‐weaning stage of a subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) population on Amsterdam Island, suspected to be regulated by density‐dependence. The influence of abundance on growth parameters (length and weight) and survival was assessed over a study period spanning 16 years. We evidenced a negative trend in population growth rate when density increased. Density‐dependence models were favored for pup body size and mass growth. Abundance had a clear influence on body length at high population‐density, pups grew slower and were smaller at weaning than pups born in years with low population density. Abundance partly explained pup body mass variation and a weak effect was detected on pre‐weaning survival. The causal mechanisms may be increased competition for food resources between breeding females, leading to a reduction of maternal input to their pups. Our results suggested that pup favored survival over growth and the development of their diving abilities in order to withstand the extreme fasting periods that are characteristic of this fur seal population. This analysis provides significant insight of density‐dependent processes on early‐life demographic parameters of a long lived and top‐predator species, and more specifically on the pre‐weaning stage with important consequences for our understanding of individual long‐term fitness and population dynamics.
Efficient de novo synthesis of resveratrol by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Wu Junjun , Zhou Peng , Zhang Xia , Dong Mingsheng
Published: March 2017

Resveratrol has been the subject of numerous scientific investigations due to its health-promoting activities against a variety of diseases. However, developing feasible and efficient microbial processes remains challenging owing to the requirement of supplementing expensive phenylpropanoic precursors. Here, various metabolic engineering strategies were developed for efficient de novo biosynthesis of resveratrol. A recombinant malonate assimilation pathway from Rhizobium trifolii was introduced to increase the supply of the key precursor malonyl-CoA and simultaneously, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference system was explored to down-regulate fatty acid biosynthesis pathway to inactivate the malonyl-CoA consumption pathway. Down-regulation of fabD, fabH, fabB, fabF, fabI increased resveratrol production by 80.2, 195.6, 170.3, 216.5 and 123.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the combined effect of these genetic perturbations was investigated, which increased the resveratrol titer to 188.1 mg/L. Moreover, the efficiency of this synthetic pathway was improved by optimizing the expression level of the rate-limiting enzyme TAL based on reducing mRNA structure of 5′ region. This further increased the final resveratrol titer to 304.5 mg/L. The study described here paves the way to the development of a simple and economical process for microbial production of resveratrol.
Neurocognitive profiles in MSUD school‐age patients
Authors: Bouchereau Juliette , Leduc‐Leballeur Julie , Pichard Samia , Imbard Apolline , Benoist Jean‐François , Abi Warde Marie‐Thérèse , Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Barbier Valérie , Brassier Anaïs , Broué Pierre , Cano Aline , Chabrol Brigitte , Damon Gilles , Gay Claire , Guillain Isabelle , Habarou Florence , Lamireau Delphine , Ottolenghi Chris , Paermentier Laetitia , Sabourdy Frédérique , Touati Guy , Ogier de Baulny Hélène , de Lonlay Pascale , Schiff Manuel
Published: March 2017

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), an inborn error of amino acids catabolism is characterized by accumulation of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, valine and their corresponding alpha‐ketoacids. Impact on the cognitive development has been reported historically, with developmental delays of varying degree. Currently, earlier diagnosis and improved management allow a better neurodevelopment, without requirement of special education. However, specific impairments can be observed, and so far, results of detailed neurocognitive assessments are not available. The aim of this study was to analyse neurocognitive profiles of French MSUD patients. This was a multicentre retrospective study on MSUD patients who underwent neurocognitive evaluation at primary school age. Twenty‐one patients with classical neonatal onset MSUD were included. The patients’ mean age at the time of evaluation was 8.7 years. The mean intellectual quotient (IQ) score was in the normal range (95.1 ± 12.6). In a subset of eight patients, a consistent developmental pattern of higher verbal than performance IQ was observed (mean of the difference 25.7 ± 8.7, p < 0.0001). No correlation could be established between this pattern and long‐term metabolic balance (BCAA blood levels), or severity of acute metabolic imbalances, or leucine blood levels at diagnosis and time to toxin removal procedure. These data show that some MSUD patients may exhibit an abnormal neurocognitive profile with higher verbal than performance abilities. This might suggest an executive dysfunction disorder that would need to be further investigated by specialized testing. This pattern is important to detect in MSUD, as appropriate neuropsychological treatment strategies should be proposed.