bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Apostolic Succession of the Episcopate as the basis for an informal theological dialogue between the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches in 1889-96
Authors: Борисов Антоний
Published: September 2021

Под первым этапом неофициального диалога между Римско-Католической и Англиканскими церквями следует понимать отрезок времени, в течение которого богословская дискуссия между католиками и англиканами осуществлялась исключительно частным образом и строилась вокруг обсуждения вопроса благодатности англиканского клира. Временные рамки данного периода выглядят следующим образом: 1889 г. (дата знакомства лорда Галифакса и аббата Порталя) - 1896 г. (дата публикации папской буллы “Apostolicae Сurae”). Благодаря стараниям двух церковных энтузиастов - Чарльза Линдли Вуда, лорда Галифакса, и аббата Фернанда Порталя - была начата активная богословская дискуссия, ход которой вынудил Папу Римского окончательно определить позицию Рима по отношению к англиканским клириками. Данная позиция, выраженная в булле “Apostolicae Curae”, стала для Галифакса и Порталя, а также остальных сторонников дела объединения католиков и англикан, неутешительной. Под влиянием консервативно настроенных католических иерархов, особенно кардинала Герберта Вона, Лев XIII отверг любую возможность признания легитимности англиканских рукоположений. Данное решение было обусловлено, скорее всего, не причинами богословского и канонического характера, а влиянием на Папу ультрамонтанистской партии, желавшей присоединения Церкви Англии к Католической Церкви через её полное «поглощение».

The first phase of informal dialogue between the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches should be understood as a period of time during which the theological discussion between Catholics and Anglicans took place in a purely private way and revolved around the question of the grace of the Anglican clergy. The time frame of this period is as follows: 1889 г. (date of introduction of Lord Halifax and Abbot Portal) to 1896. (date of publication of the papal bull Apostolicae curae). Through the efforts of two church enthusiasts, Charles Lindley Wood, Lord Halifax, and Abbot Fernand Portal, a vigorous theological debate was initiated, the course of which compelled the Pope to finally determine Rome's position on Anglican clerics. This position, expressed in the Bull Apostolicae Curae, was disappointing for Halifax and Portale, as well as the rest of the proponents of the cause of unification between Catholics and Anglicans. Under the influence of conservative Catholic hierarchs, especially Cardinal Herbert Vaughan, Leo XIII rejected any possibility of recognising the legitimacy of Anglican ordinations. This decision was probably not due to theological or canonical reasons, but to the influence of the ultramontane party on the pope, who wanted the Church of England to join the Catholic Church through its complete "absorption".
Panteleev S.A., Deacon. Gladzor Monastery - Armenia's Medieval University
Authors: Пантелеев Сергий
Published: September 2021

В Армении, как и во всякой другой стране, история образования знала взлёты и падения. Далеко не всегда подъём образования, расцвет учёности приходился на времена политической стабильности в государстве. Пример тому - возникновение высшей школы в Гладзоре во времена монгольского пленения Армении. Просуществовав всего лишь около шестидесяти лет, этот образовательный центр был, тем не менее, наименован современниками университетом. Своим расцветом эти «Вторые Афины» обязаны не столько покровительству сюникских князей, получивших определённую независимость от завоевателей, сколько самоотверженной деятельности её ректоров: Нерсеса Мшеци и Есайи Ничецы. Несмотря на относительную пустынность местоположения Гладзора, сюда приезжали учиться естественным и богословским наукам, пению и искусству миниатюры из разных регионов Армении, порой довольно удалённых.

In Armenia, as in any other country, the history of education has seen ups and downs. It is not always the case that the rise of education and the flowering of scholarship occurred in times of political stability in a state. An example of this is the emergence of Gladzor High School during the Mongol invasion of Armenia. This educational centre had only existed for about sixty years, but its contemporaries called it a university. This "Second Athens" owed its prosperity not so much to the patronage of the Syunik princes, who gained a measure of independence from the conquerors, as to the dedication of its rectors, Nerses Meshetsi and Yesaya Nichitsa. Despite the relative desolation of Gladzor's location, people came here to study the sciences, theology, singing and the art of miniature painting from various regions of Armenia, sometimes quite distant.
History of Mariology at the Second Vatican Council
Authors: Кудласевич Платон
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматривается деяние Второго Ватиканского собора на предмет обсуждения и принятия марилогических вопросов. До открытия собора часть епископата призывала совсем не затрагивать мариологических вопросов, другие ожидали нового мариологического догмата, а третьи призывали вынести соборное определение о посреднической роли Матери Божией в деле спасения. В исследовании представлены противоположные точки зрения на принятие определений о Матери Божией (в качестве отдельного независимого документа или же в составе учения о Церкви). После полемики и нескольких голосований в конечном итоге 21 ноября 1964 года было торжественно провозглашено «Догматическое постановление о Церкви» (“Lumen Gentium” (лат.) - «Свет народам»), в восьмой главе которого излагается соборное учение о Марии. В этой главе собор подтвердил принятые ранее мариологические догматы (о непорочном зачатии и телесном вознесении Девы Марии), а также признал Матерь Иисуса Христа образом и началом Церкви. В настоящее время соборное постановление «Свет народам» стало полноправным документом Католической Церкви. Оно является официальным выражением католической веры в лице её епископов, богословов и простых верующих. Можно сказать, что Второй Ватиканский собор привёл к сдвигу в мариологических исследованиях от своей изначально обособленной в богословии позиции к более плотной связанности со Христом и Церковью.

This article examines the work of the Second Vatican Council with regard to the discussion and reception of mariological questions. Prior to the opening of the Council, some of the episcopate called for no Mariological issues at all, others expected a new Mariological dogma, and still others called for a conciliar definition concerning the intermediary role of the Mother of God in salvation. The study presents proponents of opposing views on the adoption of definitions on the Mother of God (as a separate independent document or as part of the doctrine of the Church).
After controversy and several votes, the doctrinal statement on the Church was finally solemnly proclaimed on November 21, 1964 (Lumen Gentium, Latin for Light to the Nations), chapter eight of which sets out the council's teaching on Mary. In this chapter, the Council reaffirmed the earlier Mariological dogmas (about the Immaculate Conception and the bodily ascension of the Virgin Mary) and recognized the Mother of Jesus Christ as the image and origin of the Church.
Nowadays, the council resolution "Light to the Nations" has become a full-fledged document of the Catholic Church. It is the official expression of the Catholic faith represented by its bishops, theologians and ordinary faithful. The Second Vatican Council can be said to have led to a shift in Mariological studies from its originally separate position in theology to a tighter connection with Christ and the Church.
Return of the Moscow Theological Academy to the walls of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra in 1948
Authors: Светозарский Алексей Константинович
Published: September 2021

В настоящей статье читатель узнает об истории возобновления богословской и духовной жизни Московской духовной академии в стенах Троице-Сергиевой Лавры. Постепенно, шаг за шагом в ведение Церкви были переданы исторические здания Московской духовной академии. Во многом благодаря дипломатическому таланту Святейшего Патриарха Алексия, многочисленные письма с просьбами и ходатайствами в Совет по делам Русской Православной Церкви, возглавляемый Г. Г. Карповым, были удовлетворены. Однако это далось не просто. После встречи трёх иерархов нашей Церкви - митрополитов Сергия (Страгородского), Алексия (Симанского) и Николая (Ярушевича) - с главой правительства СССР И. В. Сталиным начался процесс воссоздания системы духовного образования. Но довольствоваться помещениями Новодевичьего монастыря из-за возрастающего количества студентов долго не получилось. Со временем сложилась благоприятная обстановка для возвращения Московской духовной академии в келью преподобного Сергия. Сложностям процесса передачи исторических зданий и посвящена данная статья.

In this article the reader will learn about the history of the resumption of theological and spiritual life of the Moscow Theological Academy within the walls of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Gradually, step by step, the historic buildings of the Moscow Theological Academy were handed over to the Church. Largely due to the diplomatic talent of His Holiness Patriarch Alexis, numerous letters of request and petition to the Council on the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church, headed by G. G. Karpov, were granted. However, this was not easy. After three hierarchs of our Church - Metropolitans Sergii (Stragorodskii), Alexii (Simanskii) and Nikolai (Yarushevich) - met with the head of the USSR government, Stalin, the process of recreating the system of spiritual education began. But it was not possible to be content with the premises of Novodevichy monastery due to the increasing number of students for a long time. Eventually, the conditions were favourable for the return of the Moscow Theological Academy to the cell of the Venerable Sergius. The complexities of the process of transferring the historic buildings are the subject of this article.
The Moscow Theological Academy during the rectorate of Archbishop Filaret (Vahromeyev) (1966-1973): A Historical Sketch
Authors: Кечкин Иоанн , Рязанов Илья
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена истории Московских духовных школ во время ректорства архиепископа Филарета (Вахромеева). На основании архивных данных рассмотрена личность владыки Филарета, его путь от студента Московской духовной семинарии до ректора академии. В этот период Академия продолжает развивать свой научный потенциал, пишутся и защищаются как магистерские, так и докторские диссертации. К преподаванию в Академии привлекаются наиболее способные выпускники. Московскую духовную академию посещают многочисленные официальные иностранные делегации, что даёт Академии возможность играть всё более важную роль во внешней деятельности Русской Православной Церкви.

The article is devoted to the history of Moscow Theological Schools during the rectorcy of Archbishop Filaret (Vahromeev). Based on archival data, the personality of Vladyka Filaret and his path from a student at Moscow Theological Seminary to Rector of the Academy is examined. During this period the Academy continues to develop its scientific potential, both master's and doctoral dissertations are written and defended. The most gifted graduates are attracted to teaching in the Academy. Numerous official foreign delegations visit the Moscow Theological Academy, which enables the Academy to play an increasingly important role in external activities of the Russian Orthodox Church.
I. M. Pokrovskiy's personality. M. Pokrovsky in the formation and development of the Department of History of the Russian Church at Kazan Theological Academy
Authors: Ларионов Дмитрий
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена жизни и деятельности профессора кафедры русской церковной истории Казанской духовной академии И. М. Покровского, автора большого количества трудов по русской церковной истории. Период становления И. М. Покровского как исследователя пришёлся на время расцвета научно-исследовательской деятельности, формирования и развития научной школы русской церковной и гражданской истории в Казанской духовной академии во главе с такими профессорами, как П. В. Знаменский, В. В. Миротворцев и Ф. В. Благовидов. И. М. Покровский вошёл в число профессоров академии, внёсших свой уникальный вклад в дело развития академических кафедр и исторической науки в России. Статья рассматривает первый период жизни профессора - до 1910 года. Также в статье даётся характеристика преподавательской деятельности профессора, которая основывается на архивных документах.

This article is devoted to the life and work of I. M. Pokrovskiy, Professor of Russian Church History at the Kazan Theological Academy, the author of many works on Russian Church History. The period of his formation as a researcher I. M. Pokrovskiy fell on the period of flourishing of research activities, formation and development of scientific school of Russian church and civil history in the Kazan Theological Academy headed by such professors as P. V. Znamenskiy, V. V. Mirotvortsev and F. V. Blagovidov. I. M. Pokrovskiy was among the professors of the Academy, who made a unique contribution to the development of academic chairs and historical science in Russia. The article covers the first period of the professor's life up to 1910. The article also describes the professor's teaching activity, which is based on archival documents.
Charitable activities of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra in the first quarter of the twentieth century
Authors: Объещик Денис Андреевич
Published: September 2021

Публикация посвящена благотворительной деятельности Свято-Троицкой Сергиевой Лавры. В первой четверти XX в., как и в любой другой период своего существования, Лавра осуществляла благотворительную деятельность в различных направлениях. Прежде всего это содержание больниц-богаделен, размещение и устройство трапез для богомольцев, финансовая помощь нуждающимся частным лицам. С началом Русско-японской и Первой мировой войн благотворительная деятельность Троице-Сергиевой Лавры усиливалась: открывался лазарет для больных и раненых воинов, предоставлялись лаврские помещения для обустройства госпиталей, оказывалась материальная и финансовая помощь благотворительным организациям и обществам и т. п. Прекратилась благотворительная деятельность обители после Октябрьского переворота 1917 г. в связи с закрытием Лавры.

The publication is devoted to the charitable activities of Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra. In the first quarter of the 20th century, as in any other period of its existence, the Lavra was engaged in charitable work in various directions. They included, first of all, maintenance of hospitals and chapels, hosting and organizing refectories for the worshipers, and financial aid for private individuals in need. With the beginning of Russian-Japanese War and World War I, the charitable activity of Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra was intensified, the hospital for the wounded soldiers was opened, Lavra premises for hospitals were given to, material and financial help was rendered to charitable organizations and societies, etc. The monastery's charitable work ceased after the October revolution of 1917, when the Lavra was closed down.
Activities of Orthodox missionaries in the Ob North in the 17th-18th centuries
Authors: Галицкий Ярослав Михайлович
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности процесса христианизации коренных народов Обского Севера, который являлся важным элементом колониальной политики Российского государства в Западной Сибири. Исследование посвящено анализу основных причин заинтересованности государственных властей в крещении сибирских аборигенов на этих территориях, которые обладали сформировавшимся религиозным мировоззрением и имели собственную богослужебную обрядовость. Отдалённость Обского Севера от столицы способствовала развитию своеобразного жизненного уклада коренного населения, которое не имело установленной черты оседлости, не подчинялось государственным законам и было свободно от крепостного права. Поэтому христианизация Обского Севера - это весьма затруднительный и противоречивый процесс, так как миссионерская деятельность Русской Православной Церкви оказывала ключевое влияние на религиозные представления и обычаи коренных жителей этой земли.

The article deals with the peculiarities of the process of Christianization of indigenous peoples of the Ob North, which was an important element of the Russian state's colonial policy in Western Siberia. The study focuses on the analysis of the main reasons for the interest of state authorities in the baptism of Siberian aborigines in these territories, who had formed a religious outlook and had their own liturgical rites. The remote location of the Ob' North from the capital city facilitated the development of a peculiar way of life for the indigenous population that was not subject to state laws and was free from serfdom. Therefore, the Christianization of the Ob' North is a very difficult and controversial process, as the missionary activities of the Russian Orthodox Church had a key influence on the religious beliefs and customs of the indigenous inhabitants of this land.
The gastronomic map of Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery in the 16th century
Authors: Мерзляков Кирилл Александрович
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена одной из важных сторон внутренней жизни любого монастыря - монастырской трапезе. Иллюстрацией к этому выбрана традиция монастырской гастрономии, сложившаяся к концу XVI столетия в Успенском Кирилло-Белозерском монастыре. На основании ряда исторических источников, введённых в научный оборот отечественными исследователями начала XX века и настоящего времени, а именно «Келарских книг» и «столовых обиходников» автором данной статьи предпринята попытка представить гастрономическую карту древнерусского северного монастыря. При этом отражено не только количество сырья, но и наименования готовой продукции, меню блюд, характерных для определённой части годового Богослужебного круга. Отражено гостевое меню - блюда, которые подавались на княжеский (царский) и боярский столы. Представлено краткое описание источников поступления продуктов питания и средств для их приобретения. Показана историческая ценность для исследовательской деятельности внутренней монастырской документации, где за перечислением продуктов питания и цифр расхода-прихода стоят взаимоотношения монастыря с окружающим миром, со сферой средневековой этики.

The article is devoted to one of the most important aspects of the inner life of any monastery - the monastic meal. It illustrates the tradition of monastic gastronomy, developed by the end of the XVI century in the Uspensky Kirillo-Belozersky monastery. On the basis of a number of historical sources, introduced into a scientific turn by Russian researchers of the beginning of the XX century and nowadays, namely "kelarsky books" and "table books", the author of this article tries to present a gastronomic map of the Old Russian northern monastery. It reflects not only the quantity of raw materials, but also the names of the finished products, the menu of dishes, characteristic for a certain part of the annual liturgical circle. The guest menu - dishes which were served at the princely (tsar's) and boyar's tables - is reflected. A brief description of the sources of foodstuffs and funds for their purchase is provided. It shows the historical value for research of the monastery's internal documentation, where the monastery's relationship with the outside world, with the sphere of medieval ethics, is behind the listing of foodstuffs and the figures of expenditures and incomes.
Soviet documentary film on the events of the Church from 1945-1988
Authors: Гончаренко Вячеслав Александрович
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности советского документального кино о жизни и деятельности Русской Православной Церкви в советском государстве. Кинематограф является важным элементом идеологии и пропаганды, поэтому советское государство уделяло особое внимание смысловому содержанию выходящих на экран кинокартин. Несмотря на атеистическую идеологию и массу антирелигиозной литературы и кинопродукции, в СССР начиная с 1945 года были сняты фильмы с нейтральным или даже с позитивным отношением к Церкви, которые рассказывают о её существовании и деятельности. В начале статьи автор размышляет о месте и значении кинематографа в жизни общества и государства. Далее рассматривает и анализирует документальные фильмы, которые касаются жизни и деятельности Русской Православной Церкви.

The article deals with the peculiarities of the Soviet documentary cinema about the life and activity of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Soviet state.
Cinematography is an important element of ideology and propaganda, that is why the Soviet state paid special attention to the semantic content of the released films. Despite the atheistic ideology and the mass of anti-religious literature and films, from 1945 onwards, the Soviet Union made films, which presented the existence and work of the Church in a neutral or even positive light.
At the beginning of the article the author reflects on the place and importance of cinematography in the life of society and the state. The author then examines and analyses documentaries which deal with the life and activities of the Russian Orthodox Church.
The defence of PhD theses completed at the Department of Ecclesiastical History, Moscow Theological Academy
Authors: Липовецкий П.Е.
Published: September 2021

С января 2017 года в Московской духовной академии по Благословению Его Святейшества Святейшего Патриарха Московского И Всея Руси Кирилла начали работу два кандидатских диссертационных совета. Специализация диссертационного совета №2 объединяет дисциплины кафедр церковной истории, церковно-практических дисциплин, истории и теории церковного искусства, а также славянской филологии. За истекший год в диссертационном совете успешно прошли защиту и были утверждены в степени Святейшим Патриархом Московским И Всея Руси Кириллом три кандидатские диссертации.

In January 2017, two PhD dissertation councils began their work at the Moscow Theological Academy with the blessing of His Holiness, His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia. Dissertation Council #2 is made up of the disciplines of the Departments of Church History, Church Studies, History and Theory of Church Art, and Slavic Philology. During the past year, three PhD theses were successfully defended in the Dissertation Council and approved by His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia.
Learning by Doing Intervention: Addressing Phonological Difficulties of Children through Audiolingual Method and Total Physical Response
Authors: Romupal Edgar Lester , Rubio Carla Marie , Toquero Cathy Mae
Published: September 2021

Phonological awareness is a critical skill that children must master during the early foundations of literacy. It is considered a highly accurate predictor of a child’s success in learning to read. However, at the expected age, there are cases in which children have not developed phonological awareness that consequently result in poor reading skills. This case study sought to determine the alphabet knowledge of two seven-year-old children and address their difficulties in phonological awareness through the alphabetic code. The researchers conducted ten sessions of phonological interventions to  children with identified language learning difficulties in reading. The data analysis and collection process included curriculum document reviews, diagnostic assessments, phonological interventions, and evaluation. Diagnostic results indicated that the children have difficulties in letter recognition of Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (CVC) patterns, blending, and segmentation of phonemes. However, anchoring on the principles of learning-by-doing delivered through oral-situational as a core language approach, the interventions in this case study were found effective for phonics instruction. The audio-lingual method and the total physical response in learning phonics, or letter sounds, activated children’s basic phonological skills. Repetition, drilling, memorisation and performing language or vocabulary concepts using physical movement to react to verbal input can lessen the phonological difficulties of children. In light of the current global situation, no previous studies have applied a case study utilizing both audiolingualism and total physical response to address the phonological issues of non-readers. Hence, this study offers scientific and pedagogical implications.
Quantum Entanglement Nature of Relativity of Angular Momentum and Inertia of Rotating Bodies
Authors: Lagutin Boris
Published: September 2021

In this experimental paper (preprint), the author analyzes how relativity of angular momentum and of inertia of rotating bodies may work physically (not mathematically). For example, all bodies, including astronauts, inside the International Space Station, have colossal moments of Inertia and colossal angular momentums which are physical properties of rotating bodies. These physical properties both depend on radii of rotation. All orbital trajectories have very large radii of rotation. However, the astronauts can easily move any bodies inside the International Space Station despite their colossal angular momentums and colossal moments of Inertia. The astronauts' capability to overcome the colossal inertial resistance of the bodies in the International Space Station is explained by relativity of angular momentum and of moment of Inertia. The relativity of the momentum and of the inertia of the bodies inside the International Space Station is just a statement. However, it is unclear how such relativity may work physically. Namely, it is not explained what exactly physically happens with the astronauts' bodies and other bodies so that the astronauts can easily move themselves and other bodies inside the International Space Station. An experiment described in this paper is aimed to understand what happens with not only astronauts' bodies but also other bodies which rotate relatively to each other. Notice that making mathematical manipulations like canceling out variables, for example a variable symbolizing a rotational radius, in physical equations does not remove such physical properties as angular momentum and moment of Inertia.
Preparing and Improving the Properties of Sodium Acrylate Polymer by Adding Dentonite for the Treatment of Desertification Phenomenon
Authors: A. F. Al-Falahi Hamid , Ali Hameed Estabraq
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT The phenomenon of desertification has a negative impact on the national economy of any country and may usually be obtained for many reasons such as the removal of agricultural land, depletion of soil, overgrazing, methods of poor irrigation, high temperature, and the lack of rainfall. The following paper tackles solving the problem of the lack of rainfall through the use of chemical methods such as preparing sodium polyacrylate and improving its properties by means of adding bentonite and thus obtaining a new and improved water absorption compound. The study concludes that the suitable range of bentonite ratio that is between (0 - 20 wt %) ensures water absorption from 1340 gg - 1 to 1500gg – 1 and thus the researcher confirms that the cross-linked of the compound will not be changed and the absorption of water will be higher. The presence of bentonite with polymer at a perfect percentage contributes to the reorganization of the distribution of the granular size of the polymer sodium polyacrylate—a matter that is reflected on the growing of its ability to absorb water and thus becoming a suitable compound in the treatment of desertification.
Gynecological cancer: Evaluating of Most Prevailing Subtypes of the Disease with Highlighting their Management in Kirkuk City
Authors: Othman Sedeeq Alaa , Sadiq Ahmed Bassima
Published: September 2021

Background: Gynecological cancers are group of cancers which occur in female reproductive tract. The corner stone in treating and eliminating this cancer depends mainly on early detection and perfect surgical staging of the disease. Objective: This study focuses on assessing the incidence, stage and treatment pattern of those cancers in Kirkuk city. Methods: A total of 100 females with cancer of gentelial tract were collected from Kirkuk Oncology Center in periods between 2016 November to 2018 August. Results: Most common types of gynecological cancer in this study were: uterine cancer 49%, Ovarian cancer 35%, cervix cancer 6%, GTN 8%, and vaginal cancer 2%. While, the peak age incidence were: uterine and vaginal cancer at age 50-59 years (73.5%, 50%) Ovarian cancer at age 40-49 years 42.9%, and cervix cancer at age 60-69 years 50%. Majority of cases operated by gynecological & obstetrician surgeons were about (62%), and nearly all of patients underwent TAH+BSSOO (92%) with only 2% of cases had PLND. A two years follow up shows recurrence rate of 32%, 28.6%, and 100% for each of uterine, ovaries, and cervical cancer consecutively. Conclusion: Gynecological cancer occurs in younger age group with relatively aggressive stage and high recurrence rate in Kirkuk city.
Pattern of Cystoid Macular Edema in Erbil
Authors: Ahmmed Ali Al-jubouri Muhsen , Kareem Joma Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Cystoid Macular Edema (CME) in its various forms can be considered one of the leading causes of central vision loss in the developed world. It is not a disease itself, It represents a common pathologic sequel of the retina and occurs in a variety of pathological conditions such as, diabetic retinopathy, central or branch retinal vein occlusion, intraocular inﬂammation and following cataract extraction. This study was done to investigate the pattern of CME in patient attending Erbil Teaching Hospitals. This is a hospital base prospective study that included 61 patients (75 eyes) conducted at Erbil Teaching Hospital and Rigor Teaching Hospital for six months. All patients underwent a comprehensive assessment including medical and ophthalmic history and detailed ophthalmic examination including slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement (IOP), Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), dilated fundus examination and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) examination. It was found that of the 61 patients 32 (52.5%) were females and 29 (47.5%) were males. The mean age (56.4±10.8) years. Out of the 75 eyes included in the study, 41 eyes (54.66%) had diabetic retinopathy, 10 (13.34%) eyes had CME following cataract operation (Irvine-Gass syndrome), 8 eyes (10.67%) had BRVO, 6 eyes (8%) were had CRVO, 5 eyes (6.66%) had Age related Macular Degeneration, 3 eyes (4%) with uveitis, and 2 (2.67%) had Retinitis Pigmentosa. The average macular thickness was (415.6± 107). It was concluded that diabetic retinopathy is the most common predictive factor of CME, followed by cataract surgery. CME is more severe in diabetic retinopathy, CRVO and after cataract surgery.
COMPARISON STUDY OF IVABRADINE WITH METOPROLOL IN MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Tandi Rishman , Kumar Tanvi , Kahlon Amritpal Singh , Sethi Aaftab
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome remains as one of the most important causes for morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Therefore, evidence-based management strategy is required to offset the loss of health during an acute coronary syndrome. An effective approach includes both medical and surgical methods. This study was conducted to evaluate the medical method of management.

Objective: To study blood pressure and heart rate variability after administration of Ivabradine or metoprolol in cases with acute coronary syndrome.

Materials and methods: The study was a Prospective single center observational study conducted in patients attending Cardiology Intensive Care Unit in Nayyar Heart and Superspecialty Hospital, a tertiary care centre located in an urban area. All patients with Acute coronary syndrome admitted to the emergency or cardiac care unit were analysed with ECG as a preliminary diagnostic test and confirmed with troponin markers. They were either given Ivabradine or Metoprolol. Baseline evaluation and follow up was done and necessary data was collected and analysed.  

Results: 100 patients were included in the study out of which 50 were given Metoprolol (Group A) and 50 were given Ivabradine (Group B). Themean age of studied cases was found to be 66.54 years in group A and 68.69 years in group B. It was observed that there was a fall in heart rate by 26.8 beats per minute with beta blocker and 24.4 beats per minute with Ivabradine. In case of blood pressure measurement, in patients with beta blocker administration, there was a fall of 25 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure and 17 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure However, with Ivabradine there was only a fall of 8mm Hg in systolic Blood pressure and 6 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusion: Although Metoprolol is the drug of choice to decrease heart rate and blood pressure in acute coronary syndrome, Ivabradine is being increasingly used in cases where beta blockers are contraindicated as it has similar efficacy in lowering heart rate without compromising contractility of cardiac muscle, thereby maintaining LVEF and blood pressure.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, Beta Blockers, Metoprolol, Ivabradine.
It’s all Greek to me: Missed Greek Loanwords in Albanian
Authors: Krimpas Panagiotis
Published: September 2021

Albanian is a language that has borrowed words and patterns from various other languages with which it came into contact from time to time. One of the most prominent sources of loanwords and loan-structures in Albanian is Medieval and Modern Greek. This paper discusses cases of Albanian loanwords of obvious or probable Medieval or Modern Greek origin that fail to be identified as such in the relevant literature. The discussion starts with a brief sketch of the history, affinities and contacts of Albanian with special focus on Medieval and Modern Greek. Then a classification is attempted of the Greek loanwords usually missed on the basis of their treatment in various works, while exploring the reason(s) why the Greek origin of such loanwords was missed. The main conclusion is that most such etymological mishaps are due to the limited knowledge of the donor language in terms of phonology, lexis and morphology.
Research Chinese-Urdu Machine Translation Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Ali Zeshan Ali
Published: September 2021

Urdu is Pakistan 's national language. However, Chinese expertise is very negligible in Pakistan and the Asian nations. Yet fewer research has been undertaken in the area of computer translation on Chinese to Urdu. In order to solve the above problems, we designed of an electronic dictionary for Chinese-Urdu, and studied the sentence-level machine translation technology which is based on deep learning. The Design of an electronic dictionary Chinese-Urdu machine translation system we collected and constructed an electronic dictionary containing 24000 entries from Chinese to Urdu. For Sentence we used English as an intermediate language, and based on the existing parallel corpus of Chinese to English and English to Urdu, we constructed a bilingual parallel corpus containing 66000 sentences from Chinese to Urdu. The Corpus has trained by using two NMT Models (LSTM,Transformer Model) and the above two translation model were compared to the desired translation, with the help of bilingual valuation understudy (BLEU) score. On NMT, The LSTM Model is gain of 0.067 to 0.41 in BLEU score while on Transformer model, there is gain of 0.077 to 0.52 in BLEU which is better than from LSTM Model score. Furthermore, we compared the proposed model with Google and Microsoft translation.
ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL MARINE CURRENT ENERGY IN THE STRAITS OF THE LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS
Authors: Yuningsih Ai Yuningsih
Published: September 2021

The Lesser Sunda Islands extend from Bali to Timor and consist of two geologically distinct parts formed by a subduction system of oceanic crust along the Java-Timor Trench. The northern part which includes Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Wetar, Pantar and Alor, is volcanic in origin; whilst the southern part is non-volcanic, encompassing the islands of Sumba, Timor and Rote. The straits along the Lesser Sunda Islands are formed as a result of very complex geological processes and tectonics in this area. These straits are the most important cross-sections in the southern part of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), functioning as outlets for the mass flows of seawater from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean through the Flores and the Savu Seas. In these straits, relatively high current speeds are occurred, not only caused by the ITF but also due to its geometry, the influence of tidal flow, and monsoonal currents.Site study and ocean current measurement were conducted by using an echosounder, a pair of Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP), and other supporting equipment. In general, the average of most ocean current speeds is less than 1.5 m/s with a duration flow of 8 -12 hours a day, and the maximum speed reaches up to 3 m/s. The tidal types in almost all the straits are mixed semidiurnal tides, in which two high waters and two low waters occur twice a day, with the high and low tides differ in height.The Lesser Sunda Straits were selected as the potential sites for ocean current power plant because their current speeds are relatively high and their characteristics are more predictable compared with other straits from other regions. Based on the results of bathymetry survey and current characteristics from the deployed ADCP at a fixed (stationary) location on the seabed, the best location for the current power turbines is at the depth of 15-30 m where the seabed gently sloping.
A self-developing human is a world changer
Authors:   m.i.mukhin@gmail.com, Mukhin Mikhail I.
Published: September 2021

Relevance. It is difficult to make a breakthrough into the future without solving the global problem of forming an active position for most citizens who understand the issues of developing the society, the country and the world as a whole. The above, in its turn, requires reformatting the thinking of these people towards understanding that the emerging challenges should become decisive for everyone. Therefore, these problems should stimulate the humankind to change the surrounding reality in the adequate way. The research problem lies in the interdependence of two processes that predetermine the existence of life: a constantly changing Human and the changing World. The aim of the study is to show what the Human who is able to change the World should be, and how the changing World alters / improves this Human. The methodological basis is presented by the systematic approach to studying social processes, the principles of the unity of the historical and the logical; objectivity; universal relationship of phenomena; combination of retrospection with development prospects. Results and discussion. The key message of the research is the following: the Human is a child of nature who cannot build his/her life activity, ignoring the laws of the “global mother”. When a person improves, he/she changes the world in one way or another. These two processes are interdependent. Nurturing the younger generations to be comprehensively and harmoniously developed will be much more effective if their natural genetic potentialities and emerging giftedness are revealed at an early age. Besides, the children’s intellectual development should be morally coloured, should involve an ethical component, and the acquired knowledge needs proper intohumanization (i.e. it should become closer to a person’s inclinations and abilities). The expanding development scope of the younger generations will increase the opportunities for as many citizens as possible to change the world towards improving the life on Earth. The most controversial issue consists in forming the strongspiritual and moral core of the younger generations. Conclusion. The human creates the world and is the only being who can make it different. He/she is a world changer, while the world is a human changer, a human improver.
Mastering the content and aspect terminology of the French language on the basis of co-working with students of materials for distant content
Authors:   Bryansk State University named after Academician I. G. Petrovsky, Grishechkina Anna M.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the research is determined by the demand for the development of new content of training programs, including through the creation of educational and control materials based on them together with students in the process of mastering theoretical grammar. The purpose of the article is to optimize the process of teaching theoretical language disciplines using the capabilities of electronic resources, as well as to develop students' skills to create control and measurement materials, including those based on electronic constructors/products. Materials and methods. The study involved 45 students of the French-English department of the Faculty of Foreign Languages of the Bryansk State University in 2015/2016/2017. The dynamics of learning outcomes in the course of step-by-step training was established both on the basis of a subjective assessment of students ' responses by the teacher (I and II training models), and on the basis of electronic reports and training program schedules reflecting the assessments of subjects in different ranges (III training model). The results of the study. It is established that the interactive version of the study of thematic material in the electronic learning system (ESO) in the organizational mode "student – task co-developer" (model III-the creation of interactive tasks by students based on lecture material) is characterized by a fairly high level of indicators: 100% coverage of subjects and almost the same indicator of independence in the process of completing tasks. In accordance with the electronic reporting provided by the graphic material, 95-100% of the subjects have good and excellent indicators (4.5/5 – on a five-point scale; 8.5/10-on a ten-point scale). Discussion and conclusion. The peculiarities of mastering theoretical grammar on the basis of interactive resources of training programs can be taken into account by other researchers in the field of methods of teaching theoretical disciplines. In the future, the study of this topic can be continued in collaboration with developers of electronic products for philologists.
The problem of dialogicity in upbringing of the economic culture of young people
Authors:   Rostov State University of Economics, Gvaldin Alexander Yu. , Dadayan Narine A. ,   Rostov State University of Economics, Oganyan Tatiana B. ,   Rostov State University of Economics, Panasenkova Tatiana V. ,   Rostov State University of Economics
Published: September 2021

Research problem. The relevance of the study is due to the need to update the forms, conditions for organizing pedagogical interaction, aimed at the subjective mastery of the economic culture elements well-established in modern society by the student. The purpose of the article is to provide a theoretical and practical substantiation of the phenomenon of dialogicity in the upbringing of the youth economic culture. Research methods. The survey involved 104 students of the Rostov State University of Economics from the first to the fourth year of full-time and part-time education at the age of 17 to 33 years acting in educational program "Organization of work with youth." The survey included the questions, the purpose of which was to identify the needs of student youth in dialogue on economic topics. Research results. As a result of ensuring dialogicity in the upbringing of the economic culture of young people, an economic question that is most in demand among students emerged: "How to get a high-paying job?" After conducting dialogues of economic content, new economic issues emerged among students, directly affecting their professional activities in the field of organizing work with youth. In the process of solving the stated problem, there was a personally significant demand among students for dialogues of economic content, which manifested itself in them during the organization of various types of dialogues of economic content: career planning (30%), professional sphere (25%), personal budget planning (20%). Conclusion. As a result of the systemic organization of various types of educational dialogues (motivational, intergroup, intragroup, interpersonal, intrapersonal; dialogue with the past, present, future) in the open space "Boiling Point", in the process of studying the subject "Project Management in the field of organizing work with youth" in youth public organizations their specificity was revealed. Economic education is spontaneous in interpersonal dialogue in the student-student, student-teacher, student-parents system. The dialogue carried out in a professional environment is distinguished by its practical orientation, concreteness of content and purposefulness in terms of the economic education of students.
Actual problems of teachers in working with children in difficult life situations
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Popova Irina N.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the study is to prepare teachers to solve the problems of providing comprehensive support to vulnerable categories of children, children in difficult life situations. Every child needs conditions that ensure his rights and interests in versatile development and positive socialization. A modern teacher needs training in this direction. Such a statement of the question objectively forms the need to study the professional difficulties and needs of teachers in working with special categories of children. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems and professional deficiencies of teachers who support children in difficult life situations. Materials and methods. The research materials were the results of an anonymous online survey. The study involved 1,587 teachers from 54 regions of the Russian Federation. The study took place in February-March 2021. The article was prepared as part of the research work of the state task of the RANEPA. Results. The analysis of the data obtained during the online survey showed that all the study participants have some professional difficulties in working with children who are in a difficult life situation. The main problems are in the sphere of building relationships and communication with children and their parents. Among the reasons, 60% of teachers lack professional training in working with special categories of children. The teachers participating in the survey noted the presence of professional deficits in the field of legal support of activities and methodological support from organizations of additional professional education. According to the results of the study, 45% of teachers need to master the technology of organizing psychological and pedagogical trainings, 42% – psychological and pedagogical diagnostics, 40% – art-therapeutic practices. Every third teacher expressed professional interest in such areas as designing individual routes, inclusive education, working with the case. Prospects for further research. The results of the conducted research can be useful in the development of educational programs for training teachers to work with children in difficult life situations at different stages of professional development. They can be in demand in the process of designing a system of methodological support for teachers, taking into account their professional deficits and needs in this field of activity.