bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Routine Postdilation During Angiography-Guided Stent Implantation as Good as Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance?: An Analysis Using Data From IVUS-XPL and ULTIMATE
Authors: Lee Yong-Joon , Zhang Jun-Jie , Mintz Gary S. , Hong Sung-Jin , Ahn Chul-Min , Kim Jung-Sun , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Ko Young-Guk , Choi Donghoon , Jang Yangsoo , Kan Jing , Pan Tao , Gao Xiaofei , Ge Zhen , Chen Shao-Liang , Hong Myeong-Ki
Published: January 2022

Background:

There are 2 competing approaches to optimize drug-eluting stent implantation: angiography-guided routine postdilation or intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance.

Methods:

From the pooled data of 2 randomized trials, IVUS-XPL (Impact of Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance on the Outcomes of Xience Prime Stents in Long Lesions) and ULTIMATE (Intravascular Ultrasound Guided Drug Eluting Stents Implantation in All-Comers Coronary Lesions), that compared IVUS- versus angiography-guided drug-eluting stent implantation, we compared 1037 patients (1265 lesions) with IVUS-guided postdilation, 905 patients (1170 lesions) with angiography-guided postdilation, and 383 patients (397 lesions) with angiography-guided drug-eluting stent implantation without postdilation as a reference group; all patients required ≥28 mm long stents. The primary end point was composite of cardiac death, target lesion–related myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization at 3 years.

Results:

Postintervention quantitative coronary angiography–based minimum lumen diameter was not different between the angiography guidance with postdilation versus the angiography guidance without postdilation group (2.5±0.4 mm versus 2.5±0.4 mm;
P
=0.367). However, it was larger in the IVUS guidance with postdilation versus the angiography guidance without postdilation group (2.6±0.5 mm versus 2.5±0.4 mm;
P
=0.046), and also in the IVUS guidance with postdilation versus the angiography guidance with postdilation group (2.6±0.5 mm versus 2.5±0.4 mm;
P
<0.001). The rate of the primary end point was not different between the angiography guidance with postdilation versus the angiography guidance without postdilation group (8.6% versus 9.8%; hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.58–1.29];
P
=0.473). However, it was lower after IVUS guidance with postdilation versus angiography guidance without postdilation (4.5% versus 9.8%; hazard ratio, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.28–0.68];
P
<0.001) and also after IVUS guidance with postdilation versus angiography guidance with postdilation (4.5% versus 8.6%; hazard ratio, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.35–0.74];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

In patients undergoing long drug-eluting stent implantation, IVUS-guided postdilation was associated with improved long-term clinical outcomes, unlike angiography-guided postdilation.
Ten-Year Trends in Patient Characteristics, Treatments, and Outcomes in Myocardial Infarction From National Cardiovascular Data Registry Chest Pain–MI Registry
Authors: Gandhi Sanjay , Garratt Kirk N. , Li Shuang , Wang Tracy Y. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Davis Leslie L. , Zeitouni Michel , Kontos Michael C.
Published: January 2022

Background:

The Chest Pain–MI registry affords a 10-year perspective of the acute myocardial infarction (MI) patient characteristics, management, and clinical outcomes in the United States. We report the changes in the treatment and cardiovascular outcomes of acute MI patients over 10 years.

Methods:

Annual trends in patient characteristics, in-hospital treatment, and outcomes of 604 936 ST-segment–elevation MI (STEMI) and 933 755 non–ST-segment–elevation MI (NSTEMI) patients at 1230 hospitals from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed. Using the validated Acute Coronary Intervention and Outcomes Network mortality risk model, trends in in-hospital risk-adjusted mortality rates were tested between 2011 and 2018.

Results:

Over 10 years, the prevalence of diabetes (22.8%–28.3% [STEMI] and 35.7%–41.3% [NSTEMI]) and atrial fibrillation (4.1%–6.1% and 9.4%–11.7%) increased, whereas the prevalence of smoking decreased (43.5%–37.9% and 30.2%–27.5%,
P
<0.001 for all) in patients with STEMI and NSTEMI, respectively. Among eligible patients with STEMI, primary percutaneous coronary intervention use increased (82.3%–96.0%) with shorter median first medical contact to device time (90 to 82 minutes,
P
<0.001). Among patients with NSTEMI, percutaneous coronary intervention use increased significantly (43.9%–54.5%,
P
<0.001). Adherence to guideline-directed medical therapies improved in both groups. From 2011 to 2018, risk-adjusted mortality rate (2.8%–2.7%,
P
=0.46) was stable in STEMI and declined significantly in patients with NSTEMI (1.9%–1.3%,
P
=0.0001).

Conclusions:

Risk factors of patients presenting with acute MI have changed modestly while treatment improved over time. Risk-adjusted mortality rates remained stable for patients with STEMI and declined significantly for patients with NSTEMI.
E-Cigarettes and Cardiopulmonary Health: Review for Clinicians
Authors: Neczypor Evan W. , Mears Matthew J. , Ghosh Arunava , Sassano M. Flori , Gumina Richard J. , Wold Loren E. , Tarran Robert
Published: January 2022

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery powered electronic nicotine delivery systems that use a propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin base to deliver vaporized nicotine and flavorings to the body. E-cigarettes became commercially available without evidence regarding their risks, long-term safety, or utility in smoking cessation. Recent clinical trials suggest that e-cigarette use with counseling may be effective in reducing cigarette use but not nicotine dependence. However, meta-analyses of observational studies demonstrate that e-cigarette use is not associated with smoking cessation. Cardiovascular studies reported sympathetic activation, vascular stiffening, and endothelial dysfunction, which are associated with adverse cardiovascular events. The majority of pulmonary clinical trials in e-cigarette users included standard spirometry as the primary outcome measure, reporting no change in lung function. However, studies reported increased biomarkers of pulmonary disease in e-cigarette users. These studies were conducted in adults, but >30% of high school–age adolescents reported e-cigarette use. The effects of e-cigarette use on cardiopulmonary endpoints in adolescents and young adults remain unstudied. Because of adverse clinical findings and associations between e-cigarette use and increased incidence of respiratory diseases in people who have never smoked, large longitudinal studies are needed to understand the risk profile of e-cigarettes. Consistent with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations, clinicians should monitor the health risks of e-cigarette use, discourage nonsmokers and adolescents from using e-cigarettes, and discourage smokers from engaging in dual use without cigarette reduction or cessation.
Uncertainty and Planning: Cities, Technologies and Public Decision-Making
Authors: Moroni Stefano , Chiffi Daniele
Published: January 2022

Decision-making under uncertainty is sometimes investigated as a homogeneous problem, independently of the type of decision-maker and the level and nature of the decision itself. However, when the decision-maker is a public authority, there immediately arise problems additional to those that concern any other (private) decision-maker. This is not always clearly recognised in orthodox discussions on decisions under conditions of uncertainty. This article investigates the methodological, strategic and procedural challenges of taking public decisions in such conditions. It focuses mainly on decisions involving urban contexts, such as planning decisions regarding land use and building transformations, by trying to develop some pioneering research studies in this field.
Moral Uncertainty in Technomoral Change: Bridging the Explanatory Gap
Authors: Nickel Philip J. , Kudina Olya , van de Poel Ibo
Published: January 2022

This paper explores the role of moral uncertainty in explaining the morally disruptive character of new technologies. We argue that existing accounts of technomoral change do not fully explain its disruptiveness. This explanatory gap can be bridged by examining the epistemic dimensions of technomoral change, focusing on moral uncertainty and inquiry. To develop this account, we examine three historical cases: the introduction of the early pregnancy test, the contraception pill, and brain death. The resulting account highlights what we call “differential disruption” and provides a resource for fields such as technology assessment, ethics of technology, and responsible innovation.
Orobanche australis Moris ex Bertol. the correct name for O. thapsoides Lojac. (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: DOMINA GIANNIANTONIO , UHLICH HOLGER , BARONE GIULIO
Published: January 2022

The taxonomic relationships between Orobanche australis and O. thapsoides are analyzed through the study of the original material. These species are also compared with other morphologically similar ones occurring in the Mediterranean (O. canescens, O. pubescens, O. palaestina, O. amethystea). The lectotype of O. palaestina is designated. From the comparison of these taxa it is evident that O. australis and O. thapsoides refer to the same taxon, to which the name O. australis must be given by priority. The distribution of this species includes Sardinia, Sicily, Peninsular Italy and Southern France. It grows on pastures from the sea level to about 1000 m of altitude, host of Asteraceae. An identification key between the species considered and a distribution map is provided.
Conamomum vietnamense (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Tay Nguyen, Vietnam
Authors: LY NGOC-SAM , HOANG THANH-SON , INSISIENGMAY OUDOMPHONE , HAEVERMANS THOMAS , NEWMAN MARK F.
Published: January 2022

Conamomum vietnamense, a new species of Zingiberaceae, is described and illustrated from Tay Nguyen (Central Highlands), Vietnam. It is most similar to C. odorum and C. rubidum, but differs in having well-developed stilt roots, elliptic leaf blades, narrowly ovate bracts, abaxially pubescent bracteoles, longer calyx with 2 truncate lobes, broadly obovate to orbicular glabrous labellum, longer filament and glabrous style. Data on distribution, habitat, vernacular name, conservation status and a colour plate of the new species, along with a key to distinguish the species of Conamomum in Cambodia and Vietnam are given.
Two new Scolelepis species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Yellow Sea in Korea
Authors: LEE GEON HYEOK , MIN GI-SIK
Published: January 2022

Two new spionid polychaetes of the genus Scolelepis from the intertidal habitats of the Yellow Sea in Korea are described and illustrated. Scolelepis (Parascolelepis) anterobranchiata sp. nov. is characterized by a combination of the following characteristic: palps with smooth globular expansions at the basal part, branchiae appearing in the anterior part of the body, absence of notochaetae in chaetiger 1, notopodial postchaetal lamellae partially fused with branchiae in anterior chaetigers, and neuropodial hooded hooks appearing from chaetigers 18–19 with two pairs of teeth surmounting a well-developed main fang. Scolelepis (Scolelepis) rubra sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by the following characteristics: reddish-pink body, presence of notochaetae in chaetiger 1, branchiae approximately twice as long as notopodial postchaetal lamellae, neuropodial bidentate hooded hooks usually appearing from chaetigers 26–31, and presence of notopodial hooded hooks in posterior chaetigers. Based on molecular data, the sequences of the two new species showed relatively large genetic distances from other Scolelepis species in COI (15.8–19.5%) and 16S rDNA (4.9–15.8%). Morphological variability of prostomial shape in the genus Scolelepis is discussed for the first time.
Preliminary Efficacy of an Occupation-Oriented Purpose in Life Intervention After Breast Cancer
Authors: Radomski Mary Vining , Anheluk Mattie , Carroll Ginger L. , Grabe Kim , Halsten Jerry W. , Kath Kristina , Kreiger Robert A. , Lunos Meghan E. , Rabusch Stacey , Swenson Karen K. , Zola Joette
Published: January 2022

Background. Purpose in life is important to health and well-being; purpose disruption often goes unidentified after breast cancer. Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of a purpose renewal intervention and utility of a screening question for identifying people with purpose-related distress. Method. In this prospective pretest-posttest study, participants with breast cancer received an 8-session purpose renewal group intervention (n = 35). Participants completed standardized measures of meaning and purpose at pretest, posttest, and two-month follow-up and a forced-choice Purpose Status Question (PSQ) at pretest. Findings. Participants made statistically significant pretest-to-posttest and pretest-to-follow-up improvements. The PSQ demonstrated construct validity: 40% of participants lacked purpose direction at pretest and this subgroup made significantly greater improvements than participants who reported purpose direction at pretest. Implications. The PSQ warrants further study as a screener to identify people with purpose-related distress. Many breast cancer survivors may benefit from a purpose in life intervention; a subgroup may benefit more.
Pregnant and jobless: A contextualizing analysis of pregnancy dismissal in Israeli labour court rulings
Authors: Bar-On Shmilovitch Naama , Blumen Orna , Tzafrir Shay S.
Published: January 2022

Discrimination against pregnant employees is widespread despite labour laws aimed at protecting them. Pertaining to recently emerging research on pregnancy in the workplace, including pregnancy discrimination, this study considered the gravest manifestation of direct discrimination, and one that has been neglected to date: dismissal during pregnancy. Inspired by John's contextual theory, we sought to identify the socio-economic profile of dismissed pregnant employees, illustrating their uneven distribution across the labour market. This overlooked actuality of pregnancy dismissal was studied in Israel, an environment where labour laws extensively protect pregnant employees. We focused on nearly two decades (2004–2020) of cases litigated in Israeli labour courts. This study adds to the research on pregnancy in the workplace with a new perspective that not only illuminates a frequent yet hardly addressed reality but also reveals its social variability, deconstructing the generalized vulnerability that pregnancy often connotes for women employees. Finally, directions for future research and implications for the labour market, legislators and policymakers are put forward.
Six Methods for Latent Moderation Analysis in Marketing Research: A Comparison and Guidelines
Authors: Pieters Constant , Pieters Rik , Lemmens Aurélie
Published: January 2022

It is common in moderation analysis that at least one of the target moderation variables is latent and measured with measurement error. This article compares six methods for latent moderation analysis: multigroup, means, corrected means, factor scores, product indicators, and latent product. It reviews their use in marketing research, describes their assumptions, and compares their performance with Monte Carlo simulations. Several recommendations follow from the results. First, although the means method is the most frequently used method in the review (95% of articles), it should only be used when reliabilities of the moderation variables are close to 1, which is rare. Then, all methods except the multigroup method perform similarly well. Second, the results support using the factor scores method and latent product method when reliabilities are smaller than 1. These methods perform best with parameter and standard error bias less than or equal to 5% under most investigated conditions. Third, specific settings can warrant using the multigroup method (if the moderator is discrete), the corrected means method (if moderation variables are single indicators), and the product indicators method (if indicators are nonnormally distributed). Practical guidelines and sample code for four statistical platforms (SPSS, Stata, R, and Mplus) are provided.
Promotores de Salud in Montana: An Analysis of a Rural Health Care Intervention Rooted in Catholic Social Teaching and its Place in Medical Curricula
Authors: Sisson Nathaniel , Starke Jenna
Published: January 2022

The Latino population in the United States faces significant health disparities compared to their White counterparts. Community-based processes in Gallatin County, Montana, through academic-community partnerships have identified strategies to overcome these barriers. One such strategy includes the utilization of community health workers (CHWs) in the Latino population—in Spanish, “Promotores de Salud.” CHWs are often selected to target community health problems because they share the cultural, social, and demographic features of the population they serve. This paper explores the inherent ties between Catholic Social Teaching and the CHW health care model while focusing on a community-academic partnership in Montana that is implementing a CHW program. Catholic health care providers are called to apply CST principles to their health care systems and communities in order to achieve health equity for their patients. This paper proposes that community organizing and advocacy should be taught in medical school curricula across the country in order to promote physician involvement in solving public health disparities. Additionally, the authors suggest that practicing Catholic health care providers immediately incorporate community organizing through the use of CHWs to attain health equity for their patient panels.
Enhanced mechanical performance of cellulose nanocrystal doped eco-friendly calcium-alginate based bio-composite fiber with superior flame retardancy
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Yang Jin , Weng Lin , Fan Wei , Xu Yanyan
Published: January 2022

Petroleum-based polymer fire-resistant fabric is not considered as eco-friendly, and has other problems like heavy weight and irritating tickling. On the other hand, even though Ca–alginate fiber is a natural fire-resistant polysaccharide derivative, its low tensile strength prevents the fiber from being a potential fire-resistant material. To enhance its mechanical performance, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) functioned as reinforced nanofiller, assisted by a small amount of propanol to improve CNC dispersion in solution. CNC-doped alginate fiber (pC–Alg) was fabricated by the microfluidic spinning technique, and the effects of CNC content and the drawing ratio on the fibrous mechanical performance were investigated. Comparative studies indicated that a combination of 0.50 wt.% CNC, 6.00 v.% propanol, and 1.6 draft ratio helped pC–Alg fiber to achieve outstanding breaking strength of around 2.00 cN/dtex. It was shown that the use of propanol solvent and the incorporation of CNC can effectively eliminate CNC aggregation and reach a three-fold better tensile performance than the control. Limiting oxygen index test also showed that the resultant hybrid pC–Alg fiber still displayed good flame retardancy, making it an ideal candidate for fire-protection clothing.
Newcomer Emergent Bilingual Students’ Meaning-Making in Urban Biology Classrooms: A Communities of Practice Perspective
Authors: Pacheco Mark B. , Brown Julie C.
Published: January 2022

This study investigated how newcomer emergent bilinguals made meaning in two 9th-grade biology classrooms. Methods relevant to naturalistic inquiry were used to collect and analyze data. Findings indicate that newcomers bridged aspects of personal experiences with social competencies valued in classrooms through using heritage languages, engaging as brokers and collaborators, and attempting to realize goals of learning English and content simultaneously. Findings also show that misalignments between social competence and personal experience constrained meaning-making. This study illustrates a need for activities that reflect and expand newcomer resources and experiences, and for activities that can take shape through student participation.
Affirming and Nurturing Students’ Cultural Wealth to Enhance Self-efficacy: Examination of Urban High School Students’ Lived Experiences in a STEM-Medicine Pipeline Program
Authors: Rocha Janet , Castillo-Lavergne Claudia M. , Yancy Clyde W.
Published: January 2022

Embracing students’ cultural assets is critical in facilitating self-growth and development at the secondary level, especially among minoritized students interested in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine/health (STEM-M) careers. Using sociocultural and community cultural wealth (CCW) lenses, longitudinal data among 23 students or 53 semi-structured interviews were analyzed to understand how their participation in an extramural academic program stimulated their self-efficacy. Findings revealed how the program nurtured students’ cultural wealth while promoting their learning, engagement, persistence, and empowerment. Strengthening self-efficacy through the affirmation of cultural assets and through asset-based frameworks can enhance students’ academic and career goals.
Choice Set Size Shapes Self-Expression
Authors: Cheek Nathan N. , Schwartz Barry , Shafir Eldar
Published: January 2022

Across six studies (total N = 3,549), we find that participants who were randomly assigned to choose from larger assortments thought their choices were more self-expressive, an effect that emerged regardless of whether larger sets actually enabled participants to better satisfy their preferences. Studies examining the moderating role of choice domain and cultural context show that the effect of choice set size on perceived self-expression may be particular to contexts in which choices have some initial potential to express choosers’ identities. We then test novel predictions from this theoretical perspective, finding that self-expression mediates the effect of choice set size on choice satisfaction, the likelihood of publicly sharing choices, and the perceived importance of choices. Together, these studies show that choice set size shapes perceived self-expression and illustrate how this meaning-based theoretical lens provides both novel explanations for existing effects and novel predictions for future research.
Physicians’ Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Associated Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Almhdawi Khader A. , Alrabbaie Hassan , Arabiat Alaa , Alhammouri Ahmad T. , Hamadneh Mohammad , Obeidat Donia , Alazrai Alza , Jaber Hanan , Almousa Khaled M.
Published: January 2022

Healthcare workers worldwide have been exposed to extraordinary stress during COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) level and its health and occupational associated factors among Jordanian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional design using an online survey was adopted targeting physicians at different Jordanian hospitals. The study survey included demographics, HRQoL measured by 12-item Short Form health survey (SF-12) mental and physical components, physicians’ evaluation of work conditions during COVID-19, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Descriptive analyses were conducted to summarize primary data. Factors associated with HRQoL were determined using a multiple variable regression analysis. In total, 326 physicians successfully completed the survey, 44.2% were males with mean age of 32.08 (±6.93). SF-12 mental component mean was 52.13 (±20.84) and physical component mean was 69.24 (±18.1). Physicians HRQoL level was significantly associated with levels of stress (β = −0.23, 95% CI −1.05 to −0.27), depression (β = −0.22, 95% CI −1.09 to −0.28), neck disability (β = −0.30, 95% CI −1.08 to −0.57), health self-evaluation (β = 0.14, 95% CI 1.66–7.87), sleep self-evaluation (β = 0.09, 95% CI 0.16–3.58), and physical activity level (β = 0.09, 95% CI 0.00–0.001). Jordanian physicians’ level of HRQoL was relatively low during COVID-19. Healthcare facilities administrators should take into consideration factors associated with physicians’ HRQoL level when planning for future healthcare emergencies.
Diaphragmatic hernia post coronary artery bypass with gastroepiploic artery
Authors: Hagiwara Hiroaki , Nakayama Tomohiro , Murakami Fumihiko
Published: January 2022

An 86-year-old man, with a medical history of coronary artery bypass grafting with the right gastroepiploic artery 20 years prior, was admitted to our hospital for right-sided heart failure. Computed tomography findings revealed an intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia of the transverse colon compressing the right ventricle. The hernia was successfully repaired, and the patient recovered without any complications. Diaphragmatic hernia is rare but may be a lethal complication following coronary artery bypass grafting. We should be aware of the possibility of this condition.
Prevention and management of difficult hemostasis in acute type A aortic dissection repair
Authors: Lee Jae Hang
Published: January 2022

Postoperative bleeding after surgery for acute aortic dissection is one of the most common complications and has an important influence on mortality and morbidity. Therefore, various methods have been introduced to prevent or manage postoperative bleeding. In this article, we investigated the causes of bleeding after surgery for acute aortic dissection, and introduce appropriate transfusion or pharmacologic treatment, topical hemostatic agents, and local compressive maneuver to manage it.
Parents’ digital competence in guiding and supervising young children's use of the Internet
Authors: Pons-Salvador Gemma , Zubieta-Méndez Xud , Frias-Navarro Dolores
Published: January 2022

Children use the Internet at an increasingly younger age and many parents do not have the necessary knowledge to protect or guide them. A previous study showed that 78% of children between the ages of 6 and 9 used the Internet and that their parents were usually with them, but 40% of these children would surf at some point without supervision. This research aims to examine the relationship between the parents' digital competence and the different elements included in the parental mediation process. The sample is made up of 1827 parents who answered the survey. A relationship is observed between the parents' level of education and their digital competence. The results show that for parents with greater digital competence it is more likely that their 6-to 9-year-olds are already surfing the Internet. They also supervise more frequently and have more knowledge of the online activities that their children carry out.
Cerebral oxygenation and autoregulation during rewarming on cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Arthursson Henrik , Kjellberg Gunilla , Tovedal Thomas , Lennmyr Fredrik
Published: January 2022

Background

Rewarming on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with increased metabolic demands; however, it remains unclear whether cerebral autoregulation is affected during this phase. This RCT aims to describe the effects of 20% supranormal, compared to normal CPB flow, on monitoring signs of inadequate perfusion, oxygenation, and disturbed cerebral autoregulation, during the rewarming phase of CPB.

Method

Thirty two patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting were allocated to a Control group ( n = 16) receiving a CPB pump flow corresponding to preoperatively measured cardiac output, and an Intervention group ( n = 16) receiving the corresponding CPB pump flow increased by 20% during rewarming. Cerebral Oximetry Index (COx) was calculated with the aid of Near Infrared Spectroscopy.

Results

Twenty five patients were included in the data. Results show a median COx value of 0.0 (IQR −0.33–0.5) (Control) and 0.0 (IQR −0.15–0.25) (Intervention), respectively; p = .85 with individual variations within groups. The median cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was 55 (52–58) (Control) and 61 (54–66) mmHg (Intervention); p = .08. No significant difference in rSO2 values was observed between the groups (58.5% (50–61) versus 64% (58–68); p = .06).

Conclusion

The present study showed no difference between increased and normal CPB pump flow with respect to cerebral autoregulation during rewarming. Large variations in cerebral autoregulation were seen at individual level.
An examination of the interrelationship between disordered gambling and intimate partner violence
Authors: Banks James , Waters Jaime
Published: January 2022

In response to the liberalisation and deregulation of gambling across much of the Western world, academics continue to examine gambling-related harms that result from the increased availability of gambling products and services. This paper explores the interrelationship between disordered gambling and intimate partner violence. Qualitative data were derived from interviews with 26 female research participants, illustrating how intimate partner violence perpetrated by men with gambling disorders is often instrumental in nature. The narratives of our respondents indicated that coercive and controlling practices were employed by the intimate partner with a gambling disorder to (a) access money for gambling; (b) hide their gambling behaviour from others; (c) assuage their guilt and apportion blame to the female partner for their disordered gambling and abusive behaviour. Consideration is given to how criminal justice, domestic violence, victim and gambling support agencies may best address the needs of partners and families impacted by disordered gambling.
Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Xuefei , Hu Keao , Liu Yanling , Zeng Lingbing , Hu Niya , Chen Xiaowen , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2022

Objective

To investigate the potential factors affecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization and infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Methods

A systematic search of publications listed in electronic from inception up to August 2020 was conducted. A random-effects model was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

A total of 31 studies reporting 1410 MRSA events in 17 427 patients with HIV infection were included. Previous hospitalization (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.37, 2.36), previous antibiotic therapy (OR 2.69; 95% CI 2.09, 3.45), CD4+ count (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.41, 2.28), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classification of stage C (OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.80, 3.93), skin lesions (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.15, 3.55), intravenous device use (OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.59, 4.29) and an MRSA colonization history (OR 6.30; 95% CI 2.50, 15.90) were significantly associated with an increased risk of MRSA colonization and infection. Antiretroviral therapy (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.50, 0.99) and current antibiotic use (OR 0.13; 95% CI 0.05, 0.32) were significantly associated with a reduced risk of MRSA colonization and infection.

Conclusion

MRSA colonization and infection in HIV-infected patients is associated with a number of risk factors.
Fear Appeals in Anti-Knife Carrying Campaigns: Successful or Counter-Productive?
Authors: Hobson Zoë , Yesberg Julia A. , Bradford Ben
Published: January 2022

In the UK, knife crime continues to be a persistent and worrying concern. Media campaigns are often used by police and anti-knife crime organisations in an attempt to discourage young people from picking up a weapon. Many focus on the potentially devastating consequences associated with carrying a weapon, with the aim of provoking fear and thus a deterrent effect. In this paper, we present the findings from two experimental studies exploring the effects of exposure to fear-based knife crime media campaigns on young people’s intentions to engage in knife-carrying behaviour. Utilising a terror management theory perspective, in both studies we found that exposure to knife-related campaign imagery increased mortality salience, but there was no effect of campaign condition on willingness to carry a knife or on perceived benefits of knife-carrying. Although knife-related self-esteem/cultural worldviews predicted attitudes towards knife-carrying, such views did not moderate the effect of exposure to knife-related campaign imagery, and there was no effect of priming participants’ to consider the value of behaving responsibly. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Three-dimensional simulation of red blood cell particle sedimentation
Authors: Zhou Huajie , Chen Wenbo , Xuan Chengliang , Qin Zhangrong , Wen Binghai
Published: January 2022

The red blood cell particle is important in the research studies of blood flow and drug delivery. The biconcave shape makes the motions of the red blood cell particle in fluids more complex than sphere or ellipsoid. Sedimentation behaviors of a red blood cell particle in long circular tubes are investigated by using the lattice Boltzmann method with the Galilean-invariant momentum exchange method. Different blockage ratios and the particle to fluid density ratios are considered. One periodic and two steady sedimentation modes are discovered. When the blockage ratio rises, the motion mode of particles changed from horizontal mode to inclined mode. With the increase of the particle to fluid density ratio, the sedimentation mode changed from the inclined mode to the horizontal mode, and the time of the particles reaching the stable state is obviously distinct in different sedimentation modes. Surprisingly, the oscillatory mode is observed in the larger blockage ratio and lower density ratio of particle to fluid. These works may be able to make active promotions to the research studies of blood circulation of humans.
Impact of nonlinear radiation on magnetohydrodynamic flow of hybrid nanofluid with heat source effect
Authors: Sandeep N. , Ranjana B. , Samrat S.P. , Ashwinkumar G.P.
Published: January 2022

This investigation is performed to deliberate the novel significance of nonlinear thermal radiation effect on magnetohydrodynamic flow of Casson hybrid nanoliquid caused by a curved stretching sheet. The flow and thermal transport nature of three different hybrid nanoliquids in the stimulus of viscous dissipation, nonlinear radiation and magnetic force is discussed numerically. The novelty of this work is to obtain the simultaneous solutions for three different types of hybrid nanoliquids, they are obtained by suspending titanium alloy (Ti6Al4vs.) is composed of titanium, aluminum and vanadium in the ratio of 90:6:4 respectively and aluminium alloy (AA7075) is compossed of Aluminum, Zinc, Magnesium and Copper nanoparticles in the ratio of 90:6:3:1 respectives with added metals Silicon, Ferrous and Magnesium. in three various working liquids viz. methanol, ethylene glycol and engine oil. The flow governing PDE's are transmuted into ODE's with suitable similarity transformation and solved by using Runge-Kutta and Newton's approach. Numerical outcomes of flow and temperature profiles are presented via graphical trends, also skin friction coefficient and rate of thermal transfer are illustrated via tabulated values. Major outcomes reveals that, inclusion of hybrid nanometer sized particles in pedestal liquid lead to an large hike in thermal transfer performance. Importantly, thermal transport rate and temperature profiles of the hybrid nanoliquid rises with improving nonlinear radiation values and these results are significant in nonlinear radiation case as compared with linear radiation case.
Sense and nonsense in psychological measurement: A case of problem and method passing one another by
Authors: Tafreshi Donna
Published: January 2022

There exists conceptual confusion in the psychological measurement literature. One such example is the nonsense of the question, “are psychological attributes quantitative?” when referring to nontechnical psychological phenomena. Rather than debating whether this is an empirical or conceptual question, the issue of concern should be whether it makes sense to ask it. As illuminated by Wittgenstein almost a century ago, the concepts of psychology are everyday concepts rather than technical ones. However, the enduring comparison of psychology with the physical sciences leads to the adoption of technical language that loses its meaning when used with the aim of explaining everyday concepts. For this reason, asking whether psychological attributes are quantitative is, in many cases, a nonsensical question to ask.
Circ_0006220 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression via sponging miR-203-3p and regulating RGS17 expression
Authors: Wang Shaochun , Zhang Chengcheng , Chen Ruilin
Published: January 2022

Background

Lung cancer is the most common malignancy, and its mortality ranks first among malignancies. Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common pathological subtype of lung cancer. It is reported that circular RNAs (circRNAs) feature prominently in the occurrence and metastasis of NSCLC.

Purpose

This study aims to decipher the biological functions of circ_0006220 in NSCLC and the underlying mechanism.

Methods

The microarray data (GSE101586) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and differentially expressed circRNAs in NSCLC tissues were screened using the GEO2R tool. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for detecting the expression of circ_0006220, miR-203-3p, and regulator of G-protein signaling 17 (RGS17) mRNA in NSCLC tissues and cells. The connection between circ_0006220 expression and clinicopathological indicators was analyzed through the chi-square test. EdU and cell counting kit-8 assays were carried out to detect cell growth. Cell migration and invasion were detected by transwell assays. Bioinformatics was used to predict, and RNA immunoprecipitation assay and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were conducted for verifying, the targeted relationship among circ_0006220, miR-203-3p, and RGS17.

Results

The expression of circ_0006220 was elevated in NSCLC cells and tissues, and high circ_0006220 expression was significantly associated with unfavorable clinicopathological indicators. In addition, it was revealed that circ_0006220 overexpression facilitated NSCLC cell growth, migration, and invasion, whereas knocking down circ_0006220 had contrary effects. Furthermore, miR-203-3p was identified as a downstream target of circ_0006220, and circ_0006220 could sponge miR-203-3p; RGS17 was identified as a downstream target of miR-203-3p and was positively modulated by circ_0006220.

Conclusions

Circ_0006220 up-regulates RGS17 expression by adsorbing miR-203-3p to promote NSCLC development.
Severe thrombotic events associated with pre-procedural interruption of anticoagulation in systemic lupus erythematosus with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome: Cases and literature review
Authors: Anderson Meghan , Belmont H. Michael
Published: January 2022

Background

The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and National Institutes for health and care Excellence in the United Kingdom (NICE) recommend that patients who are high risk for thrombotic events but require cessation of oral anticoagulation with warfarin, due to bleeding risk of a planned procedure, undergo bridging therapy with heparin. However, those conditions which are considered high risk are not universal, nor do guidelines differentiate between low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and unfractionated heparin. Triple positive antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a thrombophilic state with a very high risk for thrombotic events during periods of anticoagulation cessation. Patients with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome in the setting of SLE may be at an even greater risk of thrombotic events during the perioperative period.

Purpose

Along with a review of the literature for perioperative management in APS we present three cases of triple positive secondary APS in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who had severe thrombotic complications after cessation of their oral anticoagulation despite being bridged with LWMH.

Conclusion

Given the severity and rapidity of thrombotic complications with low molecular weight heparin bridging, we propose that all patients with triple positive APS, especially secondary APS with SLE should undergo bridging therapy with intravenous UFH to reduce time without anticoagulation and minimize risk of thrombotic complications. Furthermore, we propose that NICE include APS in the list of medical conditions which are high risk for thrombotic complications and require bridging therapy.
Fibrin-Associated EBV-Positive Large B-Cell Lymphoma Incidentally Found Within a Multinodular Goiter
Authors: Dargent Jean-Louis , Toffoli Sébastien , De Rop Céline , Hérin Michel
Published: January 2022

Fibrin-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (fibrin-associated DLBCL) is a very rare subtype of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated DLBCL that usually develops within fibrin-rich lesions such as cardiac myxoma, chronic hematoma, thrombus, pseudocysts or cysts, prosthetic devices or breast implants. The pathogenesis as well as the clinicopathologic features of this usually indolent lymphoproliferative disorder, which are based on the analysis of a relatively limited number of cases, are still poorly known. Herein, we report a case of fibrin-associated DLBCL that was incidentally found within a multinodular goiter, a location not yet reported to our knowledge. Our findings not only illustrate further the specific nature of this peculiar lymphoproliferative disorder but also allow some interesting comments on its pathogenesis.
Bacteriological Quality of Locally Prepared Fresh Fruit Juice Sold in Juice Houses of Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mengistu Dechasa Adare , Mulugeta Yohannes , Mekbib Dinku , Baraki Negga , Gobena Tesfaye
Published: January 2022

Background:

Currently, fresh fruit juices are widely consumed as a drink worldwide due to their nutritional values and health benefits. Fresh fruit juices are an important source of nutrients, vitamins, and fibers that are important for human health. Fruit juices are nutritious and perishable food that can serve as an ideal medium for the growth and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the bacteriological quality of locally prepared fresh fruit juices sold in juice houses of eastern Ethiopia from 4 April to 12 June 2020.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was used that included administrative questionnaires and laboratory-based investigations. A total of 78 fruit juice samples that include mango, avocado, papaya, and mixed juices were collected aseptically from the juice houses. The most probable number method was used to determine the total coliform, fecal coliform and Escherichia coli. The pour plate count method was used to determine the total viable bacteria count. Finally, data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests that included analysis of variance, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. A P-value of .05 was considered as a cut-off point for statistical significance.

Results:

Among the 78 juice samples analyzed, 85.9% of the samples had total viable bacterial count, 64.1% had total coliform count, 60.3% had fecal coliform, and 33.3% of the samples had Escherichia coli higher than the maximum permitted level of Gulf standard 2000. The study found a significant association between bacterial contamination and educational status (χ2 = 31.663), training in food hygiene and safety (χ2 = 23.04), method of fruit preservation (χ2 = 17.98), place to keep the juice (χ2 = 13.7), action done with the juice gone bad (χ2 = 12.78), frequency of cleaning materials used to keep the juice (χ2 = 12.78), type of dish washing (χ2 = 19.75), availability of hand washing equipment (χ2 = 12.78), and types of waste receptacles (χ2 = 26.25) ( P-value <.05) (Table 5).

Conclusion:

In general, majority of fruit juice samples were contaminated with one or more different bacteria species higher than the maximum permitted level. Furthermore, the study found the association between bacterial contamination and other variables such as hygienic and safety conditions. Therefore, the implementation of adequate hygiene and safety practices is very important to prevent the consumption of contaminated fruit juices, which leads to foodborne illness.
Plasmid Carrying blaCTX-M-15, blaPER-1, and blaTEM-1 Genes in Citrobacter spp. From Regional Hospital in Mexico
Authors: Negrete-González Cindy , Turrubiartes-Martínez Edgar , Briano-Macias Miriam , Noyola Daniel , Pérez-González Luis Fernando , González-Amaro Roberto , Niño-Moreno Perla
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Citrobacter spp. is an opportunistic bacteria that have been recognized as significant pathogens in patients with underlying diseases or immunocompromised status. The aim of this study was to identify extended-spectrum β-lactamases in clinical isolates of Citrobacter spp.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted at Hospital Central “Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto” in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Nineteen isolates of Citrobacter spp. were obtained from clinical specimens between April to December 2015. Four isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. The presence of genes encoding ESBL ( blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, blaVEB-1, blaSHV, and blaPER-1) was analyzed by PCR. For this purpose, plasmid DNA was extracted and horizontally transferred to recipient E. coli Top 10.

Results:

blaCTX-M-15 and blaVEB-1 genes were detected in Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter sedlakii, whereas blaPER-1 gene was identified in 1 isolate of Citrobacter freundii. In contrast, blaSHV gene was not detected in any isolate. One strain carried blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, blaVEB-1, and blaPER-1 genes, most in a 275-kb plasmid.

Conclusion:

This study shows the presence of different types of ESBL in clinical isolates of Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter sedlakii, which confer resistance to broad-spectrum β-lactams. The plasmid identified in this study harboring ESBL genes could play an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.
A vertical laminar airflow system to prevent aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in building space: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental approach
Authors: Jeong Dawoon , Yi Hwang , Park Jae-Hyun , Park Hyun Wook , Park KyungHoon
Published: January 2022

Respiratory aerosol particles carrying the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are a primary cause of the long-distance infection, and insufficient ventilation systems make building occupants highly prone to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). As a preventive measure of the aerosolized viable SARS-CoV-2 suspension in building space, we seek to propose an optimal design of the upper-room/drop-ceiling aeration grid system generating vertical laminar airflow (VLAF) as an aerosol barrier. On a test plan (6.1 × 4.7 m) representing the standard hospital patient room in South Korea (a 2.7 m-height room of 77.4 m3 in volume), we investigated the air-terminal size, spacing and air speed that shape uniform downflow of fresh air, minimizing horizontal spread. Our simulation results using the Taguchi method and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in presence of indoor human expiration indicated that a steady vertical air supply of 0.3 m/s through 0.04m-diameter air diffusers deployed by 0.5 m spacing is the most effective to form VLAF. Physical particle detection tests at the height of 1.5 m in mockup setting of the optimal system design, revealed that expiratory aerosols produced by a single person were almost entirely removable in 20 s. Investigations also confirmed that the proposed design could minimize stagnant airflow regions and would potentially satisfy the indoor air-speed condition for occupant thermal comfort.