bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast growth factor 19 secretion and function in perinatal development
Authors: Vonderohe Caitlin , Guthrie Gregory , Burrin Douglas G.
Published: January 2023

Limited work has focused on fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19) secretion and function in the perinatal period. FGF19 is a potent growth factor that coordinates development of the brain, eye, inner ear, and skeletal system in the embryo, but after birth, FGF19 transitions to be an endocrine regulator of the classic pathway of hepatic bile acid synthesis. FGF19 has emerged as a mediator of metabolism and bile acid synthesis in aged animals and adults in the context of liver disease and metabolic dysfunction. FGF19 has also been shown to have systemic insulin-sensitizing and skeletal muscle hypertrophic effects when induced or supplemented at supraphysiological levels in adult rodent models. These effects could be beneficial to improve growth and nutritional outcomes in preterm infants, which are metabolically resistant to the anabolic effects of enteral nutrition. Existing clinical data on FGF19 secretion and function in the perinatal period in term and preterm infants has been equivocal. Studies in pigs show that FGF19 expression and secretion are upregulated with gestational age and point to molecular and endocrine factors that may be involved. Work focused on FGF19 in pediatric diseases suggests that augmentation of FGF19 secretion by activation of gut FXR signaling is associated with benefits in diseases such as short bowel syndrome, parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease, and biliary atresia. Future work should focus on characterization of FGF19 secretion and the mechanism underpinning the transition of FGF19 function as an embryological growth factor to metabolic and bile acid regulator.
Key hepatoprotective roles of mitochondria in liver regeneration
Authors: Lamanilao Gene G. , Dogan Murat , Patel Prisha S. , Azim Shafquat , Patel Disha S. , Bhattacharya Syamal K. , Eason James D. , Kuscu Canan , Kuscu Cem , Bajwa Amandeep
Published: January 2023

Treatment of advanced liver disease using surgical modalities is possible due to the liver’s innate ability to regenerate following resection. Several key cellular events in the regenerative process converge at the mitochondria, implicating their crucial roles in liver regeneration. Mitochondria enable the regenerating liver to meet massive metabolic demands by coordinating energy production to drive cellular proliferative processes and vital homeostatic functions. Mitochondria are also involved in terminating the regenerative process by mediating apoptosis. Studies have shown that attenuation of mitochondrial activity results in delayed liver regeneration, and liver failure following resection is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging mitochondria therapy (i.e., mitotherapy) strategies involve isolating healthy donor mitochondria for transplantation into diseased organs to promote regeneration. This review highlights mitochondria’s inherent role in liver regeneration.
Plasma metabolic profiling implicates dysregulated lipid metabolism and glycolytic shift in hyperinflammatory ARDS
Authors: Alipanah-Lechner Narges , Neyton Lucile , Mick Eran , Willmore Andrew , Leligdowicz Aleksandra , Contrepois Kévin , Jauregui Alejandra , Zhuo Hanjing , Hendrickson Carolyn , Gomez Antonio , Sinha Pratik , Kangelaris Kirsten N. , Liu Kathleen D. , Matthay Michael A. , Rogers Angela J. , Calfee Carolyn S.
Published: January 2023

Using latent class analysis (LCA) of clinical and protein biomarkers, researchers have identified two phenotypes of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with divergent clinical trajectories and treatment responses. We investigated whether plasma metabolites differed among patients with LCA-derived hyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory ARDS, and we tested the prognostic utility of adding metabolic clusters to LCA phenotypes. We analyzed data from 93 patients with ARDS and sepsis enrolled in a multicenter prospective cohort of critically ill patients, comparing 970 metabolites between the two LCA-derived phenotypes. In all, 188 metabolites were differentially abundant between the two LCA-derived phenotypes. After adjusting for age, sex, confounding medications, and comorbid liver and kidney disease, 82 metabolites remained significantly different. Patients with hyperinflammatory ARDS had reduced circulating lipids but high levels of pyruvate, lactate, and malate. Metabolic cluster and LCA-derived phenotypes were each significantly and independently associated with survival. Patients with hyperinflammatory ARDS may be experiencing a glycolytic shift leading to dysregulated lipid metabolism. Metabolic profiling offers prognostic information beyond what is captured by LCA phenotypes alone. Deeper biological profiling may identify key differences in pathogenesis among patients with ARDS and may lead to novel targeted therapies.
Length-Weight Relationship of 20 Cryptobenthic Fish in Coral and Rocky Reefs in the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Irigoyen-Arredondo Marina Soledad , Moreno-Sánchez Xchel G. , Marín-Enríquez Emigdio , Ayala-Galaz Jose Manuel , Ortiz-Oyola Daniel Stiven , Valenzuela-Quiñonez Fausto , Olivier Damien
Published: January 2023

We present the length-weight relationships (LWRs) in 20 cryptobenthic reef fish species in the Gulf of California (Mexico). Nine of these species had no LWR records yet. However, the other species had LWRs based on in-formalin specimens collected more than 20 years ago. This conservation method has likely affected LWRs parameters. Our study showed higher estimations of the parameter a obtained on fresh specimens than in-formalin individuals. On the other hand, parameter b was not affected. Therefore, the biomass estimates using previous LWRs were strongly underestimated. Ergo, the similitude in parameter b between the two conservation methods highlights that the shape of the LWRs is conserved and did not change over the last 20 years. Finally, we compared the LWRs of shared species in the region’s two main types of shallow reefs, i.e., coral and rocky reefs. We found that the body fitness was not affected by reefs type, which means that both habitats seem to offer similar living conditions for shared species.
Nonlinear Vibration Feature Recognition Method for Reciprocating Compressor Cylinder Based on VMD-Multifractal Spectrum
Authors: Lyu Fengxia , Xie Caiqian , Bie Fengfeng , Miao Xinting , Wu Yifan , Zhang Ying
Published: January 2023

The failure probability of piston ring abrasion occupies the forefront in reciprocating compressor cylinder assembly. Due to the reciprocating friction between the piston ring and cylinder liner, the local vibration signal contains typical nonstationary characteristics with a seriously overlapped frequency band of impact signals, while the different featured signals are coupled with each other. Therefore, the identification of cylinder friction and abrasion fault modes has always been a hot and difficult problem in fault diagnosis of reciprocating compressors. In order to monitor the friction and abrasion between low linear speed nonmetallic piston ring and cylinder liner of reciprocating compressor in refinery and provide a theoretical basis for preventive maintenance, an analysis method based on VMD-multifractal spectrum was presented in this paper. First, the feasibility of the proposed method was proven based on the cylinder vibration experiment of a reciprocating compressor in the laboratory. Then, an in-service reciprocating compressor in a refinery was taken as the research object, from which the cylinder friction vibration signals were processed by using variational mode decomposition to obtain a band-limited intrinsic mode function (BLIMF). Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis is employed in the final abrasion pattern identification. The results show that the proposed method based on VMD-multifractal spectrum analysis can effectively obtain the abrasion state of a piston ring, which can avoid blind overhaul or provide the basis for preventive maintenance and a practicable engineering route for the study of the piston ring abrasion degree.
Differential Infectivity of Human Neural Cell Lines by a Dengue Virus Serotype-3 Genotype-III with a Distinct Nonstructural Protein 2A (NS2A) Amino Acid Substitution Isolated from the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Dengue Encephalitis Patient
Authors: Phu Ly Minh Huong , Nguyen Co Thach , Nguyen Thanh Vu , Ngan Nguyen Thanh Thi , Nabeshima Takeshi , Adungo Ferdinard , Takamatsu Yuki , Huy Nguyen Tien , Mai Le Thi Quynh , Morita Kouichi , Hasebe Futoshi , Moi Meng Ling
Published: January 2023

Dengue encephalitis is considered as a severe but unusual clinical presentation of dengue infection. Limited molecular information is available on the neurotropism of dengue virus (DENV), highlighting the need for further research. During a dengue outbreak in Vietnam in 2013, two DENV-3 strains were isolated, in which one was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a dengue encephalitis patient and another strain was isolated from a patient with classical dengue fever in Hai Phong, Vietnam. DENV serotype-3 (DENV-3) isolated from these samples belonged to genotype III, marking the first report of this genotype in the country at that time. Genetic variation between both strains was elucidated by using a full genome sequencing by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The infectivity of the isolated DENV-3 strains was further characterized using human and mouse neuronal cell lines. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates demonstrated high homogeneity between the CSF-derived and serum-derived DENV-3, in which the full genome sequences of the CSF-derived DENV-3 presented a Thr-1339-Ile mutation in the nonstructural 2A (NS2A) protein. The CSF-derived DENV-3 isolate grew preferentially in human neuronal cells, with a significant proportion of cells that were positive for nonstructural 1 (NS1), nonstructural 4B (NS4B), and nonstructural 5 (NS5) antigens. These results suggest that NS2A may be a crucial region in the neuropathogenesis of DENV-3 and its growth in human neuronal cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that a CSF-derived DENV-3 has unique infectivity characteristics for human neuronal cells, which might play a crucial role in the neuropathogenesis of DENV infection.
Effect of Suspension Roll Angle Sensors on the Performance of H∞ Active Antiroll Bar Control System of Trucks
Authors: Vu Van Tan , Vu Ngoc Tuan
Published: January 2023

The rollover phenomenon is quite familiar with trucks and often has severe consequences worldwide. This article focuses on developing a new control structure for the active antiroll bar system using the robust control method. The main objective is to improve the vehicle’s roll stability by using additional suspension roll angle sensors. First, a truck model equipped with an active antiroll bar system is introduced. Then, the basic robust controller structure diagram is described in detail. Based on this basic robust controller, the authors develop a new robust controller considering the suspension roll angle sensors. Finally, the response of a truck using an active antiroll bar system with two robust (H∞) controllers and a passive antiroll bar system is compared and evaluated in the time domain and in the frequency domain. The results showed that the use of two sensors of the suspension roll angle sensors increased the efficiency by about 20% compared to the basic robust controller. This has proven the effectiveness of a new approach in improving the roll stability of trucks.
Upregulation of NDUFAF2 in Lung Adenocarcinoma Is a Novel Independent Prognostic Biomarker
Authors: Zou Kang , Gao Pengxiang , Xu Xinping , Zhang Wei , Zeng Zhenguo
Published: January 2023

Background. NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 2 (NDUFAF2) acts as a molecular chaperone for the assembly of complex I on the mitochondrial membrane, which is involved in the transfer of electrons in the respiratory chain. However, whether NDUFAF2 plays a role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is largely unexplored. Methods. Expression profiles were obtained from the TCGA and GEO databases and integrated via R3.6.3 and several bioinformatics platforms. Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry staining were used to examine the expressions of NDUFAF2 in clinical samples. Moreover, the diagnostic and prognostic value of NDUFAF2 expression level was also assessed. GO, KEGG, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were adopted to investigate NDUFAF2‐related molecular functions, signaling pathways, and life activity processes. Results. NDUFAF2 was predominantly expressed in LUAD, and it is identified as a promising biomarker in the diagnosis of LUAD and its prognostic prediction. Overexpression of NDUFAF2 was correlated with N stage, T stage, and pathologic stage in LUAD, leading to worse overall survival (OS). Besides, the level of NDUFAF2 was independently associated with OS through a multivariate Cox analysis (HR = 1.538, 95% (1.086‐2.177), P = 0.015). GO analysis revealed enrichment in innate immune response in mucosa and mucosal immune response, and GSEA indicated enrichment in G2_M_checkpoints, DNA replication, diseases of mitotic cell cycle, retinoblastoma gene in cancer, cell cycle pathway, and cell cycle. Furthermore, the expression level of NDUFAF2 was negatively correlated with infiltration levels of Tem, Tcm, NK CD56bright cells, and B cells. In contrast, the expression level of NDUFAF2 was positively correlated with the infiltration level of DCs and Th2 cells in LUAD patients. Conclusions. Collectively, NDUFAF2 is a promising independent prognostic biomarker and target in LUAD. In addition, NDUFAF2 might affect the prognosis of LUAD via DNA replication, diseases of mitotic cell cycle, cell cycle pathway, and cell cycle.
Calpain-2 Facilitates Autophagic/Lysosomal Defects and Apoptosis in ARPE-19 Cells and Rats Induced by Exosomes from RPE Cells under NaIO3 Stimulation
Authors: Zhang Shuaishuai , Qiu Yingzhe , Feng Yuan , Zhang Yi , Li Yanan , Wang Boxin , Wei Heliang , Chen Xilong , Shen Lixia , Li Wei , Zheng Liqing , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: January 2023

Although accumulated evidence supports the notion that calpain contributes to eye disease, the mechanisms by which calpain promotes RPE injury are not defined. The present study is aimed at investigating whether the effect of NaIO3-exos (exosomes derived from RPE cells under NaIO3 stimulation) on the dysfunction of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) and apoptosis is based on its regulation of calpain activation in ARPE-19 cells and rats. The results showed that calpain-2 activation, ALP dysfunction, and apoptosis were induced by NaIO3-exos in ARPE-19 cells. NaIO3-exo significantly increased autophagic substrates by activating lysosomal dysfunction. ALP dysfunction and apoptosis in vitro could be eliminated by knocking down calpain-2 (si-C2) or the inhibitor calpain-2-IN-1. Further studies indicated that NaIO3-exo enhanced calpain-2 expression, ALP dysfunction, apoptosis, and retinal damage in rats. In summary, these results demonstrate for the first time that calpain-2 is one of the key players in the NaIO3-exo-mediated ALP dysfunction, apoptosis, and retinal damage and identify calpain-2 as a promising target for therapies aimed at age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
HtrA2 Independently Predicts Poor Prognosis and Correlates with Immune Cell Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Feng Lei , Li Zhen , Xiong Yao , Yan Ting , Fu Changmin , Zeng Qiuyue , Wang Huamin
Published: January 2023

High-temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2), a mitochondrial protein, is related to apoptosis regulation. However, the role of HtrA2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the prognostic value and expression pattern of HtrA2 in HCC and confirmed its independent value for predicting outcomes via Cox analyses. LinkedOmics and GEPIA2 were used to construct the coexpression and functional networks of HtrA2. Additionally, the data obtained from TCGA was analyzed to investigate the relationship between the infiltration of immune cells and HtrA2 mRNA expression. Finally, the expression pattern of HtrA2 in HCC was confirmed by wet-lab experiments. The results showed high HtrA2 expression (

P
<
0.001

) presented in tumor tissues in TCGA-HCC. Moreover, high HtrA2 expression was confirmed to be associated with poor HCC patient survival (

P
<
0.05

). HtrA2 has also been recognized as an essential risk factor for overall survival (

P
=
0.01

, HR = 1.654, 95% CI 1.128–2.425), disease-specific survival (

P
=
0.004

, HR = 2.204, 95% CI 1.294–3.753), and progression-free interval (

P
=
0.007

, HR = 1.637, 95% CI 1.145–2.341) of HCC. HCC patients with low HtrA2 methylation had worse overall survival than patients with high methylation (

P
=
0.0019

). Functional network analysis suggests that HtrA2 regulates mitochondrial homeostasis through pathways involving multiple microRNAs and transcription factors in HCC. In addition, HtrA2 expression correlated with infiltrating levels of multiple immune cell populations. At last, increased expression of HtrA2 in HCC was confirmed using wet-lab experiments. Our study provides evidence that the upregulation of HtrA2 in HCC is an independent predictor of prognosis. Our results provide the foundation for further study on the roles of HtrA2 in HCC tumorigenesis.
Well-Posedness of a Hirota–Satsuma System Posed on a Half Line
Authors: Lu Haiyan
Published: January 2023

This paper studies the initial boundary value problem of the Hirota–Satsuma system posed on the half line.

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by utilizing several analytic boundary forcing operators.
Nomogram to Predict Long‐Term Overall Survival and Cancer‐Specific Survival of Radiotherapy Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Li Zhiru , Li Chao , Yang Dong , Zhou Ziyan , Kang Min
Published: January 2023

Objective. To establish and validate a nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) receiving radiotherapy by integrating multiple independent prognostic factors. Materials and Methods. Data from 5663 patients with NPC who received definite radiotherapy between 2004 and 2018 were included and divided into training and validation cohorts. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the independent prognostic factors of patients with NPC after radiotherapy. Thereafter, the predictive accuracy of the nomogram model was evaluated. Results. Age, race, marital status, pathological type, tumor size, T stage, N stage, M stage, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, and chemotherapy were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with NPC receiving radiotherapy. Nomograms with a concordance index of 0.726 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.675–0.777) and 0.732 (95% CI: 0.680–0.785) were able to predict OS and CSS, respectively. The area under the curve showed excellent predictive performance. Additionally, the calibration curve indicated that the predicted survival rate was consistent with the actual survival rate, and the decision curve indicated its clinical value. The established risk stratification system was able to accurately stratify patients receiving radiotherapy for NPC into three risk subgroups with significant differences in prognosis (P < 0.05). Conclusions. The constructed nomogram had good prognostic performance and could be used as an effective tool to evaluate the prognosis of patients with NPC after radiotherapy. This nomogram could be further used to guide clinical decisions and personalized treatment plans.
Online Microextraction Coupled with HPLC‐ABTS for Rapid Analysis of Antioxidants from the Root of Polygonum bistorta
Authors: Yang Wei-Qi , Qian Zheng-Ming , Wu Meng-Qi , Gao Jian-Li , Huang Qi , Zou Yuan-Sheng , Tang Dan
Published: January 2023

The root of Polygonum bistorta (PB) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant material widely used in China. It has been commonly used for the treatment of hemostasis, detumescence, diarrhea, snake bite, and acute gastroenteritis. However, the research on the antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds from PB is inadequate. In the current research, an online microextraction (OLME) coupled with a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with the 2,2‐nitrogen‐di (3‐ethyl‐benzothiazole‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt antioxidant assay (HPLC‐ABTS) system for rapid analysis of antioxidants from PB was proposed. The PB sample (0.17 mg) was online extracted by mobile phase (acetonitrile and 0.2% acetic acid); a Poroshell 120 SB‐Aq column was used for separation; then, an online ABTS assay system was used for screening the antioxidants. Finally, ten components were found in PB, and among them, eight components possessed antioxidant activities. Furthermore, five components (gallic acid, neochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and an unknown compound) were proved as major antioxidants when compared with rutin as an antioxidant marker. The results showed that the developed OLME‐HPLC‐ABTS system was a simple, rapid, green, and efficient instrument for the screening of antioxidants from PB, which provides a powerful tool for the discovery of natural antioxidants in Chinese medicines.
Melatonin Repairs Osteoporotic Bone Defects in Iron-Overloaded Rats through PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/P70S6k Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ren Maoxian , Liu Hedong , Jiang Wenkai , Zhou Zhi , Yao Xuewei , Liu Zhiyi , Ma Nengfeng , Chen Bing , Yang Min
Published: January 2023

It was found recently that iron overload can cause osteoporosis in rats. Through in vitro and in vivo experimentations, the purpose of the present study was to validate and confirm the inhibitory effects of melatonin on iron death of osteoporosis and its role in bone microstructure improvements. Melatonin (100 mol/L) was administered to MC3T3-E1 cells induced by iron overload in vitro for 48 hours. The expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP and the production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and mitochondrial damage were all exacerbated by iron overload. On the other hand, melatonin restored these impacts in MC3T3-E1 cells produced by iron overload. By evaluating the expression of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/P70S6k signaling pathway-related proteins (RUNX2, BMP2, ALP, and OCN) using RT-PCR and Western blot, osteogenic-related proteins were identified. Alizarin red S and alkaline phosphatase were utilized to evaluate the osteogenic potential of MC3T3-E1 cells. Melatonin significantly improved the osteogenic ability and phosphorylation rates of PI3K, AKT, GSK-3β, and P70S6k in iron overload-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. In vivo, melatonin treated iron overload-induced osteoporotic bone defect in rats. Rat skeletal microstructure was observed using micro-CT and bone tissue pathological section staining. ELISA was utilized to identify OCN, PINP, CTX-I, and SI in the serum of rats. We discovered that melatonin increased bone trabecular regeneration and repair in osteoporotic bone defects caused by iron overload. In conclusion, melatonin enhanced the osteogenic ability of iron overload-induced MC3T3-E1 cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/P70S6k signaling pathway and promoting the healing of iron overload-induced osteoporotic bone defects in rats.
The Couple‐Group Consensus of Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems with Asynchronous Switching in Cooperative‐Competitive Networks
Authors: Pu Xingcheng , Sun Xia
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the problem of leader‐following or leaderless couple‐group consensus of heterogeneous multiagent systems (HMASs) with cooperative‐competitive interaction, asynchronous switching, and controller faults. Some novel protocols have been proposed to solve the couple‐group consensus of the two kinds of HMASs. Compared with the existing results, asynchronous control, controller faults, leaders, and the competitive‐cooperative interaction are all considered in these novel protocols. By using linear matrix inequality, graph theory, Lyapunov functional theory, and model‐dependent dwell time technique (MDADT), some sufficient conditions have been gained for the leader‐following or leaderless couple‐group consensus of these systems. The obtained results show that the couple‐group consensus of HMASs can be transformed into determining the stability of the related switching linear system. These results can also be applied to HMASs with weakly connected topology without satisfying the demand of in‐degree balance, strong connectivity, or containing a spanning tree. Some simulation experiments are given to prove the validity of the obtained results.
Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Area Networks: Architecture, Challenges, and Classification
Authors: Goyal Reema , Mittal Nitin , Gupta Lipika , Surana Amit
Published: January 2023

The wireless body area network (WBAN) is a branch of the wireless sensor network (WSN) intended for tracking essential patients’ physiological signals and transferring this knowledge to the coordinator. During the routing of data, WBANs encounter critical routing problems like WSNs. Moreover, the particular constraints of WBANs make it more challenging that they need to be addressed. This survey article categorizes and briefly analyzes a range of current routing methods utilized in WBANs. The routing protocol is essential to the creation of any efficient and reliable wireless body area network due to a limited size of battery in the body sensor nodes. A comparison study of numerous routing protocols has been made in this paper, which is helpful in selecting the optimal routing protocol for the application being targeted. The article describes the WBAN architecture and addresses numerous challenges in the context of successful WBAN routing. In this paper, several existing WBAN routing methods are presented which are influenced by network structure, energy, quality of service (QoS), node temperature, human position, node transmission range, and other factors. The protocols, including cross-layered, cluster-based, QoS-aware, postural movement-based, temperature-aware, postural movement-based, and routing protocols, are given in an expressive taxonomy. Different routing protocols that have already been developed for WBANs are compared with more advanced protocols. The pros and cons of each protocol are looked at based on factors like delay, packet delivery ratio, and energy use. The researchers can utilize this survey paper as a reference for studying various routing protocols particularly in the medical and healthcare systems.
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: Cancer, Depression, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Obesity: An Observational Study
Authors: Tuna Savas , Aydin Mehmet Akif , Aydin Muhammet Fatih
Published: January 2023

Objective. Studies aiming at illuminating the complex relationships between cancer, obesity, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency, and body fat percentage are ongoing. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between 25-OHD deficiency, visceral fat tissue, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in cancer patients. Methods. This study was conducted from 2013 to 2022. Patients’ demographic data, such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), and laboratory parameters, including prealbumin, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, 25-OHD, magnesium, hemoglobin, fat percentage, and C-reactive protein, were recorded. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to determine depression levels. Results. A total of 223 colon cancer patients aged 19–84 undergoing chemotherapy at our clinic were included in this prospective study. The male patients’ mean BMI was

22.91
±
3.74

 kg/m2, whereas that of the female patients was

26.17
±
3.75

 kg/m2. The difference was statistically significant (

p
<
0.001

). The mean total Beck Depression Inventory score was

13
±
9

. In this patient population, 105 (47.09%) patients had minimal depression, 69 (30.94%) had mild depression, 35 (15.70%) had moderate depression, and 14 (6.28%) had severe depression. The Beck Depression Inventory score was negatively and strongly associated with BMI and moderately and negatively associated with albumin levels. Conclusion. This study reveals a significant correlation between 25-OHD levels and the Beck Depression Inventory scores among cancer patients. We believe that 25-OHD levels may be used to determine the presence of depressive symptoms in cancer patients. However, further comprehensive multicentre studies are needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
Caso La Polar 2.0
Authors: Borges Quintanilla Humberto
Published: January 2023

En la literatura académica se han estudiado muchos casos emblemáticos referido a escándalos en los mercados de valores. Por ejemplo, podemos nombrar Enron (2001) que afectó a la industria de la auditoría, principalmente por actuación de la Auditora Arthur Andersen. Continuar leyendo...
Protein Kinase B (PKB/AKT) Protects IDH-Mutated Glioma from Ferroptosis via Nrf2
Authors: Liu Yang , Chou Fu-Ju , Lang Fengchao , Zhang Meili , Song Hua , Zhang Wei , Davis Dionne L. , Briceno Nicole J. , Zhang Yang , Cimino Patrick J. , Zaghloul Kareem A. , Gilbert Mark R. , Armstrong Terri S. , Yang Chunzhang
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene are common genetic mutations in human malignancies. Increasing evidence indicates that IDH mutations play critical roles in malignant transformation and progression. However, the therapeutic options for IDH-mutated cancers remain limited. In this study, the investigation of patient cohorts revealed that the PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways were enhanced in IDH-mutated cancer cells.

Experimental Design:

In this study, we investigated the gene expression profile in IDH-mutated cells using RNA sequencing after the depletion of AKT. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and pathway enrichment analysis were used to discover altered molecular pathways due to AKT depletion. We further investigated the therapeutic effect of the AKT inhibitor, ipatasertib (Ipa), combined with temozolomide (TMZ) in cell lines and preclinical animal models.

Results:

GSEA and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the PI3K/AKT pathway significantly correlated with Nrf2-guided gene expression and ferroptosis-related pathways. Mechanistically, AKT suppresses the activity of GSK3β and stabilizes Nrf2. Moreover, inhibition of AKT activity with Ipa synergizes with the genotoxic agent TMZ, leading to overwhelming ferroptotic cell death in IDH-mutated cancer cells. The preclinical animal model confirmed that combining Ipa and TMZ treatment prolonged survival.

Conclusions:

Our findings highlighted AKT/Nrf2 pathways as a potential synthetic lethality target for IDH-mutated cancers.
The Role of Oral Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria in the Prevention of Caries: A Review Related to Caries and Nitrate Metabolism
Authors: Feng Jixian , Liu Juan , Jiang Mingyuan , Chen Qianjing , Zhang Yushan , Yang Mingzhen , Zhai Yuankun
Published: January 2023

Circulating nitrate is actively absorbed by salivary glands and secreted into the oral cavity, where it is reduced to nitrite by oral nitrate-reducing bacteria. This process has previously been considered harmful because nitrate and nitrite can promote the formation of potentially carcinogenic N-nitrosamines. However, recent studies have shown that nitrate may have other physiological functions, and it can serve as a precursor for the systemic production of nitric oxide (NO) and perform NO-like functions, such as promoting vasodilation, regulating metabolic diseases, alleviating senescence, and protecting the digestive system. Inside the oral cavity, NO is likely to inhibit sensitive species as part of the nonspecific oral immune system. Exogenous administration of nitrate can maintain a balance in the pH of saliva. Oral nitrate-reducing bacteria can control the progression of caries by metabolizing lactic acid and reducing its accumulation, which is beneficial to the homeostasis of the oral microecology. In the current manuscript, we reviewed nitrate-reducing bacteria and their nitrate-metabolizing functions during the development of caries. Furthermore, we listed the effects of probiotics and dietary modification, which may be a promising method to prevent the occurrence of caries. We believe that this review provides novel ideas for the prevention of caries and treatment in clinical settings.
Predicting COVID-19 vaccinators based on machine learning and sentiment analysis
Authors: Obayes Hadab Khalid , Alhussayni Khaldoon Hasan , Hussain Saba Mohammed
Published: January 2023

In the past two years, the world witnessed the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic that disrupted the entire world, the only solution to this epidemic was health isolation, and with it everything stopped. When announcing the availability of a vaccine, the world was divided over the effectiveness and harms of this vaccine. This article provides an analysis of vaccinators and analysis of people's opinions of the vaccine's efficacy and whether negative or positive. Then a model is built to predict the future numbers of vaccinators and a model that predicts the number of negative opinions or tweets. The model consists of three stages: first, converting data sets into a synchronized time series, that is, the same place and time for vaccination and tweets. The second stage is building a prediction model and the third stage was descripting analysis of the prediction results. The autoregressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA) method was used after decomposing the components of ARIMA and choosing the optimal model, the best results obtained from seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) for both predictions, the last stage is the descriptive analysis of the results and linking them together to obtain an analysis describing the change in the number of vaccinators and the number of negative tweets.
Simulations on the effects of an optimized bowtie dipole antenna with an adaptive FIR filter
Authors: Africa Aaron Don Munsayac , Uy Benjamin Emmanuel , Tan Bianca Clarisse
Published: January 2023

In the evolution of technology through the years, antennas are use in varying wireless systems have been in demand. Antennas play a great role in transmitting and receiving signals. As its application is heavily used in many days to day activities, it is important to create a cost-efficient and quick way to analyze its performance, characteristics, and relationship to different variables. As many radiation pattern acquisition devices are expensive, this simulation proposes a quick, reliable, and cost-friendly way to simulate 2D patterns in the E-plane and H-plane of a bowtie dipole antenna with an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter. Through this study, the software MATLAB will be utilized to successfully simulate the radiation patterns of antennas with varying lengths. With the use of MATLAB toolboxes, the researchers aim to be able to compare different antenna lengths and determine the relationship and effect of it in the obtained 2D radiation pattern. If this method is successful various antenna applications may be implemented in the future with the use of 2D radiation pattern results.
Surveillance detection of anomalous activities with optimized deep learning technique in crowded scenes
Authors: Esan Omobayo Ayokunle , Esan Dorcas Oladayo , Mbodila Munienge , Abiodun Elegbeleye Femi , Koranteng Kesewaa
Published: January 2023

The performance of conventional surveillance systems is challenged by high error detection rates in busy scenes, which has significantly affected the accurate detection of the current surveillance system. Feature representation and object pattern extraction from different scenes have made deep learning (DL) promising methods in surveillance systems, compared to the approaches where features are created manually. To improve the detection accuracy, this paper presents an intelligent DL technique that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM). CNN extracts and learns the object features from a set of raw images, while the LSTM is then used by gated mechanisms to store important information from the extracted features. The proposed method was validated using datasets from the University of California San Diego (UCSD). The result shows that the model achieves 95% accuracy, which is superior compared to other conventional detection models.
An innovative method for enhancing advanced encryption standard algorithm based on magic square of order 6
Authors: Kareem Suhad Muhajer , Rahma Abdul Monem S.
Published: January 2023

This paper introduces an improved advanced encryption standard (AES) cipher algorithm by proposing a new algorithm based on magic square to decrease the AES execution time. This is done by replacing Mixcolumn function with magic square of order 6. This paper raises the security level of AES cryptosystem by using another key, which is generated using magic square while decreasing the execution time. For application of encrypting a colouring image, visual studio and MATLAB programs have been used as means for computing results. The results of complexity, time execution, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests, histogram, differential attacks and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) are computed and compared with the original AES cryptosystem, the original and the proposed algorithms. The proposed algorithm results in reasonable findings under several evaluation metrics. For instance, the complexity of our proposed algorithm is higher than the basic AES while decreases the time execution. The experimental results show that the suggested algorithm provides an efficient and secure way for image encryption. The suggested algorithm leads to leverage the complexity of cipher process as well as to make the linear and differential cryptanalysis harder by pre-process the input image initial step of the proposed AES.
Digital handwriting characteristics for dysgraphia detection using artificial neural network
Authors: Ikermane Mohamed , El Mouatasim Abdelkrim
Published: January 2023

Despite all of the technical advancements in writing and text editing with keyboards on numerous devices, writing with a pen remains a fundamental ability in modern human existence. Handwriting disabilities are referred to as dysgraphia. Nonetheless, how well they are taught to write in school, 10-30% of children never attain a respectable level of handwriting. Early identification is critical because it can help children avoid difficulties in their behavioral and academic development. On blank papers attached to digital tablets, 280 individuals were asked to complete the concise evaluation scale for children’s handwriting (BHK), with 218 having typical handwriting and 62 having dysgraphia. In addition to their age and BHK quality and speed scores, 12 variables identifying digital handwriting across several domains (static, kinematic, pressure, and tilt) were collected. In this paper, we provided a rapid and automated dysgraphia classification approach using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. Using digital handwriting traits as an input to the ANN approach, the prediction findings were encouraging and very accurate, reaching 96% accuracy, and they could lead to the development of a new self-administered dysgraphia screening tool.
Parametric study of a dual-band quasi-Yagi antenna for LTE application
Authors: Haque Md Ashraful , Zakariya Mohd Azman , Sawaran Singh Narinderjit Singh , Rahman Md. Afzalur , Paul Liton Chandra
Published: January 2023

Due to small size and lightweight properties, the development of microstrip (MS) patch antennas for wireless communication has become one of the mobile application devices in demand in recent years. This has helped to reduce reliance on wired cables. In this paper, a study has been performed on MS antenna by developing a quasi-Yagi structure on a fire retardant-4 (FR-4) substrate with a MS to coplanar strip line (CPS) transition feeding technique. The antenna is designed by using computer simulation technology (CST) to achieve the desired resonant frequency and bandwidth. The proposed dual band quasi-Yagi antenna has impedance bandwidths of approximately 0.3 GHz and 0.22 GHz resonating at 1.80 GHz and 2.60 GHz, respectively, which makes it suitable for long-term evolution (LTE) applications. Eight-director elements in four pairs are constructed to achieve directivity with magnitudes of 6 dB and 8.3 dBi at both resonant frequencies, 1.80 GHz and 2.60 GHz, respectively. Different parametric studies have also been performed to characterize the antenna radiation characteristics. The return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), front to back (F/B) ratio and far-field radiation are analyzed and discussed.
Fish drying machine with PV system for fisherman to support blue economy
Authors: Desnanjaya I Gusti Made Ngurah , Wiguna I Komang Arya Ganda , Nugraha I Made Aditya
Published: January 2023

The abundance of fish catches in Indonesia is excellent potential. Still, if the abundant results cannot be adequately managed and are just wasted, it will eventually lead to bad things. This problem was also found in Seraya village, Karangasem, Bali, where large fish yields and the fish processing process were still constrained by weather and environmental conditions causing the expected results to not be achieved. To overcome this, a photovoltaic (PV) system-based fish dryer was developed that can assist the fish drying process. Utilization of this system is also supported by good solar energy potential. The system can generate 402.78 Wh of electrical energy per day, covering 104.89% of the electrical energy demand of the fish dryer. The results of statistical tests using the Mann-Whitney test for fish weight and unpaired t-test for fish moisture content showed no significant results (p0.05). This value states that there is no difference in the results of drying fish with the PV system and the traditional method. From this, we can conclude that fish drying using a solar power system works similarly to conventional fish drying methods.
Usability measures used to enhance user experience in using digital health technology among elderly: a systematic review
Authors: Zainal Azaliza , Aziz Nur Farhanum Abdul , Ahmad Nahdatul Akma , Razak Fariza Hanis Abdul , Razali Fadia , Azmi Noor Hidayah , Koyou Haily Liduin
Published: January 2023

In 2030, it is expected that 15% of the country's population will be classified as elderly and there is driving up demand for elderly healthcare services. The evolution of digital health technology has emerged as a solution to this issue. However, there has been a recent decline in the elderly adoption of digital health technologies. This issue is worsened by the emergence of interfaces and interaction styles in newly developed technologies. A systematic review was conducted in this article to investigate the usability measures used to improve the user experience of digital health technology among the elderly. This study includes articles selected from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, both of which are well-established. Using thematic analysis, data from 29 articles were analyzed, yielding four main themes: i) effectiveness; i) efficiency; iii) satisfaction; and iv) learnability. The four main themes generated 12 sub-themes. The appearance, functionality, and structure of new digital health technology are the primary barriers to adoption. User interface (UI) design should take into account the limitations of elderly users. Additionally, elderly users require motivation, support, and training to utilize digital health technologies effectively. This study's findings make significant contributions to digital health and gerontechnology fields.
An ingenious MMC topology appropriate for motor drives across their entire frequency spectrum
Authors: Patil Manoj Dhondiram , Thakre Mohan P. , Sonawane Haridarshan S. , Tapre Pawan C. , Kadlag Sunil Somnath , Kadam Deepak P.
Published: January 2023

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) modules have popped up as among the best choices for medium and high-powered uses. This paper proposes a control scheme for the entire frequency range of operation for the MMC, focusing on supplying a three-phase machine. The machine is required to be controlled in the outer as well as the inner loop. Standard field oriented control (FOC) manages the three-phase machine in the outer closed loop while the inner control has to come up against the problem of energy balancing. That is unevenly distributed and stored in the capacitance of the upper and lower arms of the converter. There are two operating methods used in the inner control loop: a low-frequency method is used for start-up and low-speed operation, and a high-frequency method is for higher speed. In low-frequency mode (LF-mode), a special control strategy has to be implemented to minimize the energy oscillation in the capacitances of the converter arms. It makes utilization of the 3-phase machine's common mode voltage (Vc) as well as internal circulatory currents to verify a symmetrical energy distribution inside this MMC arms and also to avert whatever AC currents inside the DC source.
Design and planning of a 5G fixed wireless network
Authors: Tyokighir Silas Soo , Mom Joseph M. , Ukhurebor Kingsley Eghonghon , Igwue Gabriel A.
Published: January 2023

This research explains how to design and plan fixed wireless access connections in an urban setting using 5th generation (5G) technology in a multi-user urban scenario. Although the antennas used had a high gain, the 28 GHz carrier frequency proved incompatible with the connections due to path loss. The additional loss due to foliage led to a drop in the receiver sensitivity to -84 dBm. The loss due to weather conditions resulted in lower received signal strength. The lower frequency of 3.5 GHz performed better and is recommended to establish successful communication over multi-kilometer distances. As a result, this study demonstrates how vulnerable high 5G carrier frequencies are to typical path loss impairments.
Color enhancement of refined-bleached used vegetable oils as dielectric liquid: two-level factorial design approach
Authors: Johal Muhammad Syahrani , Ab Ghani Sharin , Chairul Imran Sutan , Ahmad Khiar Mohd Shahril , Bahari Muhamad Falihan
Published: January 2023

Number of findings have shown that the used vegetable oils (UVOs) properties can be enhanced by changing their chemical structure and can be utilized as dielectric liquid in oil-immersed transformers. However, earlier researchers used the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method for their experimental design approach. Nevertheless, they failed to consider the possibility that combining the mixing process parameters at the highest ratios could produce a more favorable outcome. Hence, in this study, two-level (2k) factorial design is applied to achieve the highest color reduction of UVOs through chemical refining process known as refined-bleached UVOs (RBUVOs). The involved process parameters are oil temperature, mixing speed and mixing time. Based on the results of 23 factorial design, it is found that mixing time and oil temperature has the most significant effects on color reduction, with a percentage contribution of 35.00% and 32.51%, respectively. The result also shows that the best mixing process parameters of RBUVOs were oil temperature (80 °C), mixing speed (1,000 rpm) and mixing time (60 min). These resulted in the highest color reduction of RBUVOs by 79.27%.