bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subdural effusion associated with COVID-19 encephalopathy: A case report
Authors: Xue Zhi-Yuan , Xiao Zhong-Lin , Cheng Ming , Xiang Tao , Wu Xiao-Li , Ai Qiao-Ling , Wu Yang-Ling , Yang Tao
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The precise mechanism by which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) impacts the central nervous system remains unclear, with manifestations spanning from mild symptoms (e.g., olfactory and gustatory deficits, hallucinations, and headache) to severe complications (e.g., stroke, seizures, encephalitis, and neurally demyelinating lesions). The occurrence of single-pass subdural effusion, as described below, is extremely rare.

CASE SUMMARY

A 56-year-old male patient presented with left-sided limb weakness and slurred speech as predominant clinical symptoms. Through comprehensive imaging and diagnostic assessments, he was diagnosed with cerebral infarction complicated by hemorrhagic transformation affecting the right frontal, temporal, and parietal regions. In addition, an intracranial infection with SARS-CoV-2 was identified during the rehabilitation process; consequently, an idiopathic subdural effusion developed. Remarkably, the subdural effusion underwent absorption within 6 d, with no recurrence observed during the 3-month follow-up.

CONCLUSION

Subdural effusion is a potentially rare intracranial complication associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis missed by a radiologist at initial diagnosis: A case report
Authors: Wang Min , Wan Yu-Xia , Liao Jin-Wen , Xiong Fei
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis (IMP) is a rare type of ischemic colitis characterized by thickening of the wall of the right hemicolon and calcification, sclerosis, and fibrosis of mesenteric veins. The diagnosis of IMP is based on typical clinical features and imaging findings. We report a case of IMP that was initially missed by the radiologist.

CASE SUMMARY

A 77-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to chronic diarrhea for over 2 months. She had been consuming Chinese patent medicines (CPM) containing fructus gardeniae for more than 15 years. Colonoscopy revealed an edematous mucosa, bluish-purple discoloration, erosions, and ulcerations throughout the colorectal area. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse mural thickening of the entire colorectum, with tortuous thread-like calcifications in the right hemicolon, left hemicolon, and rectum. Most of the calcifications were located in the mesenteric vein. The diagnosis of IMP was established based on medical history, colonoscopy, CT findings, and histopathological examination. The patient was treated conservatively with papaverine and rifaximin, and CPM was stopped. Her diarrhea symptoms improved, indicating the effectiveness of the treatment. Over the next several years, she took opium alkaloids for an extended period and did not require hospitalization for the aforementioned gastrointestinal disorder.

CONCLUSION

IMP is a rare gastrointestinal disease affecting Asian populations, possibly related to long-term herbal medicine intake. Accurate imaging analysis is crucial for diagnosis, but insufficient understanding of the disease can lead to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Treatment strategies should be personalized.
Panhypopituitarism caused by a suprasellar germinoma: A case report
Authors: Roganovic Jelena , Saric Lea , Segulja Silvije , Dordevic Ana , Radosevic Mia
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Suprasellar germinomas are rare intracranial tumors frequently associated with permanent endocrine disorders. We present the clinical picture, treatment, and complications of suprasellar germinoma at pediatric age which, besides being life-threatening, has lifelong endocrinological consequences.

CASE SUMMARY

A 12-year-old female patient was presented having had intensive headaches for three weeks and visual disturbances for six months. An ophthalmological examination revealed bilateral papilledema and a marked loss of vision. Emergency brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a suprasellar tumor, involving the infundibulum and the optic chiasm, extending to the third ventricle. Laboratory tests confirmed decreased levels of thyroxine, cortisol, gonadotropins, and insulin-like growth factor 1. Maximal tumor reduction was performed, and immunohistopathology established the diagnosis of suprasellar germinoma. MRI of the spine and cerebrospinal fluid cytology confirmed the localized disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed according to the SIOP CNS GCT II protocol. A post-treatment MRI showed no residual tumor, but pituitary function had not recovered. Three and a half years after the end of the treatment, the patient is in a complete remission, requiring hormonal replacement therapy, continuous education, and psychological support.

CONCLUSION

This complex case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis, a multidisciplinary approach, and close follow-up in children with suprasellar germinomas.
Impact of Pharmaceutical Care Interventions on Clinical outcome in Patients with Hypertension
Authors: H Haneena , Bijal K Neehara , VV Aswin Krishna , P Ahammed Shameem , S Thangamani , D R Kiran
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: Background: Hypertension poses a serious threat to public health being a common and challenging condition to treat. The main cause of poor blood pressure regulation is non-adherence to treatment. Enhancing patient compliance and promoting preventative care are two benefits of pharmaceutical care based on patient education. Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic outcome of different class of antihypertensive after pre and post intervention in hypertensive patients and to evaluate whether patient participation in a pharmaceutical care program is associated with reduction in blood pressure. Method: A 6-month hospital based prospective interventional study was performed with 125 patients in the outpatient department of general medicine. The patients' medical records were reviewed and recorded the initial Blood pressure according to which pharmaceutical care intervention was performed which included verbal counselling, patient information leaflets, and patients were divided according to which they receive monotherapy and combination therapy then subsequent monitoring with two Follow-ups were carried out over a one-month interval and assessed the changes in Diastolic blood pressure and Systolic blood pressure. Result: Pharmaceutical care intervention provided to the patients, resulted in improvement in Blood pressure control knowledge and adherence to medication. Pharmaceutical care's impact on Systolic blood pressure and Diastolic blood pressure in patients undergoing monotherapy Angiotensin receptor blockers significantly reduced blood pressure readings, and in patients receiving combination therapy, angiotensin receptor blockers plus beta blockers significantly decreased systolic blood pressure while angiotensin receptor blockers plus calcium channel blockers significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Hypertensive patients who received pharmaceutical care reported better blood pressure management and overall patient satisfaction.
Toward a four-way pronoun hierarchy: A view from Slavic
Authors: Jung Hakyung , Migdalski Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

abstract: This paper examines how grammatical categories are structured in classes with different degrees of syntactic deficiency, paying special attention to pronouns. We take Cardinaletti & Starke's (1999) tripartite classification of pronouns as a starting point of our discussion and show that their three-way distinction is not sufficient to fully capture the phenomenon, based on old and modern Slavic data. We also demonstrate that their "Minimize Structure" principle is challenged by diachronic data from Slavic.
The Manuscript Transmission of Troubadour Poems Linked with the Catalan Nobility
Authors: Vera Ivan
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This article offers an initial analysis of the manuscript tradition of a set of thirteenth-century troubadour compositions that can be linked to the Catalan nobility, specifically the noble houses of Urgell, Cabrera, and Foix. It is part of a broader project aimed at shedding light on the role of the nobility in the production and dissemination of troubadour poetry within the Crown of Aragon. The data obtained allows for a re-evaluation of certain aspects of the manuscript transmission within Catalan noble circles and lays the groundwork for future research on the diffusion of troubadour poetry connected with Catalan-Aragonese courts.
Optical MTF and aberration predictions with the Helmholtz-Lagrange invariant
Authors: Sandri P.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents a method for a rough estimation of the aberrations and of the MTF of an optical system by means of the Helmholtz-Lagrange invariant. The method allows for a rough understanding of an optical design and can find application in those cases where approximated performance predictions are needed, for example, before running complex and time-consuming analyses. The simple approach presented here is a rough approximation and should always be followed by the usual tolerance analyses.
Scaled-laboratory demonstrations of deep-turbulence conditions
Authors: Dayton David C. , Spencer Mark F.
Published: April 2024

This paper uses five spatially distributed reflective liquid-crystal phase modulators (LcPMs) to accurately simulate deep-turbulence conditions in a scaled-laboratory environment. In practice, we match the Fresnel numbers for long-range, horizontal-path scenarios using optical trombones and relays placed between the reflective LcPMs. Similar to computational wave-optic simulations, we also command repeatable high-resolution phase screens to the reflective LcPMs with the proper path-integrated spatial and temporal Kolmogorov statistics.
Optical versus radiographic imaging and tomography: introduction to the ROADS feature issue
Authors: Wang Zhehui , Liu Wei , Malko Sophia , Tremsin Anton
Published: April 2024

Optical imaging is an ancient branch of imaging dating back to
thousands of years. Radiographic imaging and tomography (RadIT),
including the first use of X-rays by Wilhelm Röntgen, and then, γ-rays, energetic charged particles,
neutrons, etc. are about 130 years
young. The synergies between optical and radiographic imaging can be
cast in the framework of these building blocks: Physics, Sources, Detectors, Methods, and Data Science, as described in Appl. Opt.
61, RDS1 (2022)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.455628. Optical
imaging has expanded to include three-dimensional (3D) tomography
(including holography), due in to part the invention of optical
(including infrared) lasers. RadIT are intrinsically 3D because of the
penetrating power of ionizing radiation. Both optical imaging and
tomography (OIT) and RadIT are evolving into even higher dimensional
regimes, such as time-resolved tomography (4D) and temporarily and
spectroscopically resolved tomography (4D+). Further advances in OIT and RadIT
will continue to be driven by desires for higher information yield,
higher resolutions, and higher probability models with reduced
uncertainties. Synergies in quantum physics, laser-driven sources,
low-cost detectors, data-driven methods, automated processing of data,
and artificially intelligent data acquisition protocols will be
beneficial to both branches of imaging in many applications. These
topics, along with an overview of the Radiography, Applied Optics, and
Data Science virtual feature issue, are discussed here.
Projected algebraic reconstruction technique-network for high-fidelity diffuse fluorescence tomography reconstruction
Authors: Sun Wenjing , Zhang Limin , Xing Lingxiu , He Zhuanxia , Zhang Yanqi , Gao Feng
Published: April 2024

We propose a model-driven projected algebraic reconstruction technique (PART)-network (PART-Net) that leverages the advantages of the traditional model-based method and the neural network to improve the imaging quality of diffuse fluorescence tomography. In this algorithm, nonnegative prior information is incorporated into the ART iteration process to better guide the optimization process, and thereby improve imaging quality. On this basis, PART in conjunction with a residual convolutional neural network is further proposed to obtain high-fidelity image reconstruction. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the PART-Net algorithm effectively improves noise robustness and reconstruction accuracy by at least 1–2 times and exhibits superiority in spatial resolution and quantification, especially for a small-sized target (r=2mm), compared with the traditional ART algorithm. Furthermore, the phantom and in vivo experiments verify the effectiveness of the PART-Net, suggesting strong generalization capability and a great potential for practical applications.
Controllable non-uniformly distributed spiking cluster generation in broadband optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Su Li , Tian Huan , Xu Ziwei , Zhang Lingjie , Zeng Zhen , Zhang Yaowen , Zhang Zhiyao , Zhang Yali , Zhang Shangjian , Li Heping , Liu Yong
Published: April 2024

An approach to achieve controllable non-uniformly distributed spiking cluster generation is proposed and demonstrated based on an externally-triggered broadband optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). The theory of controlling the distribution of the spiking pulses in a spiking cluster is established. Based on the theory, the dynamic and the distribution characteristics are analyzed and revealed in the stable spiking oscillation state under different externally-injected trigger signal voltages. The peak-voltage envelop of the cluster and the interval of the spiking pulses are demonstrated to have an approximate negative linearity relationship with the externally-injected trigger signal voltage in both the numerical simulation and the experiment, where a square waveform, a trapezoidal waveform, a parabola waveform, and a half-sinusoidal waveform are used as the externally-injected trigger signals. The results indicate that the spiking pulse distribution in the generated spiking cluster can be well controlled through tuning the externally-injected trigger signal voltage. The proposed scheme can be utilized in spiking encoding and reservoir computing.
Lidar AOD inversion and aerosol extinction profile correction method based on GA-BP neural network
Authors: Liu De Wang , Zhao Xin , Wu Xiao Yun , Ding Xiao Ying , Chen Shu
Published: April 2024

Lidar is an effective remote sensing method to obtain the vertical distribution of aerosols, and how to select the aerosol extinction-backscattering ratio (AE-BR) during the inversion process is a key step to guarantee the accuracy of the lidar inversion of aerosol optical thickness (AOD) and aerosol extinction coefficient profile (AECP). In this paper, an inversion algorithm for AOD and AECP based on a genetic BP (GA-BP) neural network is proposed. Simultaneous measurements are carried out using CE318 sun photometer and lidar, and the mapping relationship between the lidar echo signal and AOD is established based on the genetic BP (GA-BP) neural network method, which achieves the accurate inversion of AOD with an absolute error mean value of 0.0156. Based on the AOD output from the GA-BP neural network, the real-time best AE- BR to improve the inversion accuracy of AECP. Finally, practical tests show that the method achieves accurate inversion of AOD, determines the range of AE-BR from 20-50sr, realizes real-time dynamic correction of AECP, and has strong generalization ability and applicability in practical situations.
Fenton reaction in the process of “Laser + Fe” mode excited plasma for Rhodamine B degradation
Authors: Zhu Jiao , Yu Dan , Xie Na , Han Jinghua , Wang Hang , Xie Dan , Jiang Jie , Feng Guoying , Long Xing’an
Published: April 2024

The spectral emission of laser-induced plasma in water has a broadband continuum containing ultraviolet light, which can be used as a novel light source for the degradation of organic compounds. We studied the degradation process of the organic dye Rhodamine B (RhB) using plasma light source excited by the “Laser + Fe” mode. Spectral analysis and reaction kinetics modelling were used to study the degradation mechanism. The degradation process using this light source could be divided into two stages. The initial stage was mainly photocatalytic degradation, where ultraviolet light broke the chemical bond of RhB, and then RhB was degraded by the strong oxidising ability of ·OH. As the iron and hydrogen ion concentrations increased, the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and the Fenton reaction further enhanced the degradation rate in the later stage. The plasma excited by the “Laser + Fe” mode achieved photodegradation by effectively enhancing the ultraviolet wavelength ratio of the emission spectrum and triggered the Fenton reaction to achieve rapid organic matter degradation. Our findings indicate that the participation of the Fenton reaction can increase the degradation rate by approximately 10 times. Besides, the impact of pH on degradation efficiency demonstrates that both acidic and alkaline environments have better degradation effects than neutral conditions; this is because acidic environments can enhance the Fenton reaction, while alkaline environments can provide more ·OH.
Intra-oscillator high harmonic source reaching 100-eV photon energy
Authors: Drs Jakub , Trawi Firas , Müller Michael , Fischer Julian , Wittwer Valentin J. , Südmeyer Thomas
Published: April 2024

Resonant enhancement inside an optical cavity has been a wide-spread approach to increase efficiency of nonlinear optical conversion processes while reducing the demands on the driving laser power. This concept has been particularly important for high harmonic generation XUV sources, where passive femtosecond enhancement cavities allowed significant increase in repetition rates required for applications in photoelectron spectroscopy, XUV frequency comb spectroscopy, including the recent endeavor of thorium nuclear clock development. In addition to passive cavities, it has been shown that comparable driving conditions can be achieved inside mode-locked thin-disk laser oscillators, offering a simplified single-stage alternative. This approach is less sensitive to losses thanks to the presence of gain inside the cavity and should thus allow higher conversion efficiencies through tolerating higher intensity in the gas target. Here, we show that the intra-oscillator approach can indeed surpass the much more mature technology of passive enhancement cavities in terms of XUV flux, even reaching comparable values to single-pass sources based on chirped-pulse fiber amplifier lasers. Our system operates at 17 MHz repetition rate generating photon energies between 60 eV and 100 eV. Importantly, this covers the highly attractive wavelength for the silicon industry of 13.5 nm at which our source delivers 60 nW of outcoupled average power per harmonic order.
Topological charges measurement of circular Bessel Gaussian beam with multiple vortex singularities via cross phase
Authors: Yu Jian , Long Huihong , Tong Shandong , Luo Yuan , Zheng Peichao , Zhang Zhe , Bai Zhiyong
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we firstly propose a method to measure the topological charges (TCs) of a circular Bessel Gaussian beam with multiple vortex singularities (CBGBMVS) by utilizing cross phase. Based on theory and experiment, the cross phase is utilized to realize the TCs measurement of the CBGBMVS in free space with different situations, such as different singularity number, TCs and singularity location. Especially, the TCs measurement method is also investigated and verified in atmosphere turbulence. Our work provides an effective and convenient way to realize the TCs measurement of multiple singularities embedded in abruptly autofocusing host beams which has plenty of potential application in optical communication.
Engineering electrically tunable TiN/SiO2 epsilon-near-zero metamaterials
Authors: Garbarino Joseph , Jones John G. , Stevenson Peter R. , Bowers Cynthia T. , Mahalingam Krishnamurthy , Kuznetsova Lyuba
Published: April 2024

Electrically tunable TiN/SiO2/TiN epsilon-near-zero photonic structures with various parameters were fabricated using the reactive DC magnetron sputtering approach. Effective medium approximation was used to predict the optical permittivity of a multilayered TiN/SiO2 metamaterial and guide the design/fabrication. Experimental reflectance measurements for tunable TiN/SiO2/TiN structures were obtained using the ellipsometer technique in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. Results show that reflectance for biased (12 V) and un-biased bulk TiN/SiO2/TiN structure changes up to ∼ 2% with the spectral shift at the ENZ spectral point ∼ 10 nm for samples with an optimal SiO2 dielectric layer (thickness d=10 nm). Reflectance measurements for multilayered tunable TiN/SiO2/TiN structures show strong variation in reflectance change for s- polarized light at epsilon-near-zero wavelengths due to applied voltage (12 V). We expect that the results of this research study of the tunable TiN/SiO2/TiN epsilon-near-zero photonic structures will potentially be useful for the photonic density of states engineering, surface sensing, and metamaterial-based super-resolution imaging.
Terahertz dual-band bandpass filter based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons with wide upper stopband suppression
Authors: WANG CHENAO , Wen Pin , Huang Xiaojie , Chen Kunhong , Xu Kai-Da
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a terahertz (THz) dual-band bandpass filter based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) with wide upper stopband suppression is proposed. The filter utilizes two types of hybrid SSPP unit cells loaded on a double-sided quasi-SSPPs transmission line to achieve dual-band filtering responses and wide upper stopband suppression simultaneously. The performance and bandwidth of the filter's passbands can be adjusted by modifying the SSPP unit cells within the dual-band filtering part. The detailed design method is provided to enhance understanding of the operating principle of the presented filter. The simulation results of the designed THz filter demonstrate its excellent dual-band filtering performance. It features a wide stopband spanning from 1.53 to 4.64 THz, effectively suppressing out-of-band signals with S21 < -55 dB in the frequency range of 1.63 to 2.57 THz. To validate the proposed approach, a microwave filter with a similar design is implemented. Finally, the simulated and measured S-parameter responses of the filter are provided for comparison and evaluation.
Concurrence of anemia and stunting and associated factors among children aged 6 to 59 months in Peru
Authors: Rivera Alessandra , Marín Víctor , Romaní Franco
Published: April 2024

Anemia and stunting are two health problems in the child population; therefore, their concurrence needs to be quantified. We estimated the prevalence of concurrent anemia and stunting (CAS) in children aged 6–59 months and identified the factors associated with this condition. The data came from the Demographic and Health Survey of Peru (DHS), 2022. The study design was cross-sectional and included 19,191 children. Height and hemoglobin measurement followed the specifications of National Health Institute of Peru. To reduce error in measures, the anthropometry personnel was training, the quality of measuring equipment was ensuring, and protocolized techniques and procedures was applying. Hemoglobin concentration was measured in capillary blood using the Hemocue model Hb 201+. Stunting was defined as a height-for-age Z-score less than minus two standard deviations (SD) from the median, following the 2006 WHO child growth standard. Anemia was classified into mild (10.0 to 10.9 g/dL), moderate (7.0 to 9.9 g/dL), severe (< 7.0 g/dL), and no anemia (11.0 to 14.0 g/dL). We performed a bivariate analysis to evaluate factors associated with CAS. To include variables in the multivariate analysis, we applied a statistical criterion (p < 0.10 in the crude analysis) and an epidemiological criterion. We used a binary logistic hierarchical regression model. The prevalence of CAS was 5.6% (95%CI: 5.2 to 5.9). The modifiable factors associated with higher odds of CAS were: "poorest" (aOR: 3.87, 95%CI: 1.99 to 7.5) and "poorer" (aOR: 2.07, 95%CI: 1.08 to 3.98) wealth quintiles, mother with no formal education or primary (aOR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.46 to 2. 81), father with no formal education or primary (aOR: 1.55, 95%CI: 1.16 to 2.07), no improved water source (aOR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.10 to 1.68), no roof with improved material (aOR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.12 to 1.98) and low birth weight (aOR: 7.31, 95%CI: 4.26 to 12.54). In Peru, five out of every 100 children suffer from anemia and stunting simultaneously; there are modifiable factors that, if addressed, could reduce their prevalence.
Effectiveness of telerehabilitation based on real-time intervention between therapist and participants for improving physical function, activities of daily living and quality of life in people with stroke: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Fujii Ren , Miki Takahiro , Nonaka Yuki , Tanaka Shinichiro
Published: April 2024

Background

There is a call for gathering more evidence on the effectiveness of telerehabilitation in stroke. In particular, a previous systematic review reported substantial variability in the types of technologies used in telerehabilitation interventions. The purpose of this study will be to summarize and synthesize findings on the effects of telerehabilitation based on real-time intervention between therapist and participants for patients with stroke.

Methods and analysis

This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. This systematic review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 25 May 2023 (registration number: CRD420234265527). Electronic searches will be performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and CINAHL electronic databases, using a date range from inception to November 2023. We will include only randomized controlled trials for patients diagnosed with stroke who received telerehabilitation based on real-time interaction between therapist and patients. The exploration will be restricted to publications in the English language. Physical function, activities of daily living and quality of life are the outcomes. We will examine the changes of the outcomes at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and at specific time points during the follow-up after the intervention.

Discussion

This systematic review will provide evidence regarding telerehabilitation for people with stroke.
Event-related theta and gamma band oscillatory dynamics during visuo-spatial sequence memory in younger and older adults
Authors: McGill Makenna B. , Kieffaber Paul D.
Published: April 2024

Visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) for sequences is thought to be crucial for daily behaviors. Decades of research indicate that oscillations in the gamma and theta bands play important functional roles in the support of visuo-spatial working memory, but the vast majority of that research emphasizes measures of neural activity during memory retention. The primary aims of the present study were (1) to determine whether oscillatory dynamics in the Theta and Gamma ranges would reflect item-level sequence encoding during a computerized spatial span task, (2) to determine whether item-level sequence recall is also related to these neural oscillations, and (3) to determine the nature of potential changes to these processes in healthy cognitive aging. Results indicate that VSWM sequence encoding is related to later (∼700 ms) gamma band oscillatory dynamics and may be preserved in healthy older adults; high gamma power over midline frontal and posterior sites increased monotonically as items were added to the spatial sequence in both age groups. Item-level oscillatory dynamics during the recall of VSWM sequences were related only to theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling (PAC), which increased monotonically with serial position in both age groups. Results suggest that, despite a general decrease in frontal theta power during VSWM sequence recall in older adults, gamma band dynamics during encoding and theta-gamma PAC during retrieval play unique roles in VSWM and that the processes they reflect may be spared in healthy aging.
Modeling the influence of lime on the unconfined compressive strength of reconstituted graded soil using advanced machine learning approaches for subgrade and liner applications
Authors: Guo Xinghuang , Garcia Cesar , Andrade Valle Alexis Ivan , Onyelowe Kennedy , Zarate Villacres Andrea Natali , Ebid Ahmed M. , Hanandeh Shadi
Published: April 2024

In the field of soil mechanics, especially in transportation and environmental geotechnics, the use of machine learning (ML) techniques has emerged as a powerful tool for predicting and understanding the compressive strength behavior of soils especially graded ones. This is to overcome the sophisticated equipment, laboratory space and cost needs utilized in multiple experiments on the treatment of soils for environmental geotechnics systems. This present study explores the application of machine learning (ML) techniques, namely Genetic Programming (GP), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Evolutionary Polynomial Regression (EPR), and the Response Surface Methodology in predicting the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil-lime mixtures. This was for purposes of subgrade and landfill liner design and construction. By utilizing input variables such as Gravel, Sand, Silt, Clay, and Lime contents (G, S, M, C, L), the models forecasted the strength values after 7 and 28 days of curing. The accuracy of the developed models was compared, revealing that both ANN and EPR achieved a similar level of accuracy for UCS after 7 days, while the GP model performed slightly lower. The complexity of the formula required for predicting UCS after 28 days resulted in decreased accuracy. The ANN and EPR models achieved accuracies of 85% and 82%, with R2 of 0.947 and 0.923, and average error of 0.15 and 0.18, respectively, while the GP model exhibited a lower accuracy of 66.0%. Conversely, the RSM produced models for the UCS with predicted R2 of more than 98% and 99%, for the 7- and 28- day curing regimes, respectively. The RSM also produced adequate precision in modelling UCS of more than 14% against the standard 7%. All input factors were found to have almost equal importance, except for the lime content (L), which had an average influence. This shows the importance of soil gradation in the design and construction of subgrade and landfill liners. This research further demonstrates the potential of ML techniques for predicting the strength of lime reconstituted G-S-M-C graded soils and provides valuable insights for engineering applications in exact and sustainable subgrade and liner designs, construction and performance monitoring and rehabilitation of the constructed civil engineering infrastructure.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN SOAL TIPE HOTS TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH SISWA
Authors: Istiqlal Muhammad , Habib Muhamad Nur
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian soal tipe HOTS terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada siswa kelas VII MTs SA Al-Idrus Repaking Wonosamodro Boyolali Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini ada 2 yaitu siswa kelas VII A dan kelas VII B yang berjumlah masing-masing 20 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 siswa kelas VII A sebagai kelas Eksperimen dan 20 siswa kelas VII B sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pemilihan sampel dengan menggunakan metode sampel jenuh. Uji prasyarat terdiri dari Uji Homogenitas dan Uji Normalitas.  Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji-t untuk menguji secara parsial dan uji-F untuk menguji variabel secara Bersama-sama. Hasil analsis dari penelitian ini diperoleh thitung = 3,564 dan ttabel = 2,025. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa thitung > ttabel, maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima yang berarti bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa kelas eksperimen dengan siswa kelas kontrol, dengan kata lain pemberian soal tipe HOTS efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika pokok himpunan. Hal ini juga dapat dilihat dari nilai rata-rata post tes siswa kelas eksperimen yaitu sebesar 78,75 lebih besar dari nilai siswa kelas kontrol yang hanya memperoleh nilai rata-rata 66,75.
Hubungan Antara Kemandirian Belajar dengan Disposisi Matematis Peserta Didik Kelas X Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)
Authors: Maghfiroh Az Zahra Sayidatul , Izzah Aqidatul
Published: April 2024

Kemandirian belajar merupakan inisiatif peserta didik secara mandiri dalam belajar yang menjadi aspek penting untuk menunjang keberhasilan peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Selain kemandirian belajar, disposisi matematis juga perlu dimiliki oleh peserta didik agar mampu bertanggung jawab dalam belajar dan menerapkan kebiasaan bekerja dengan baik dalam matematika, serta menyelesaikan persoalan dengan sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kemandirian belajar dengan disposisi matematis peserta didik kelas X di salah satu SMA negeri di Kota Serang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik penelitian keterkaitan atau korelasi. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 31 peserta didik kelas X. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen nontes berupa kuisioner kemandirian belajar dan disposisi matematis yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya serta disebarkan melalui google formulir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai korelasi antara kemandirian belajar dengan disposisi matematis dalam tingkat kategori sangat rendah yaitu sebesar 0.091. Adapun nilai signifikansi yang dihitung dengan SPSS versi 25.0 sebesar 0.626  0.05 yang berarti tidak terdapat hubungan secara signifikan antara kemandirian belajar dengan dipsosisi matematis peserta didik. Hal tersebut dikarenakan banyak faktor lain yang berpengaruh dalam aspek disposisi matematis.
Interregional Effects of Innovations in Russia: Analysis from the Bayesian Perspective
Authors:   Department of Economics, Saint Petersburg School of Economics and Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Tereshchenko Dmitrii
Published: April 2024

This study analyzes the interregional effects of innovation in Russia. The hypothesis of the presence of interregional effects is tested by combining the methods of spatial econometrics and Bayesian approach. Using panel data on Russian regions for the period from 2000 to 2021, the author calculates posterior probabilities for a set of spatial regression models that model interregional effects of innovation in different ways. Within the framework of Bayesian approach 6 models were selected for comparison: model without spatial effects (OLS), model with spatial lag of the dependent variable (SAR), model with spatial lag of the error (SEM), model with spatial lags of the explanatory variables (SLX), spatial Durbin model with lags of dependent and explanatory variables (SDM), as well as spatial Durbin model with lags of the explanatory variables and error (SDEM). Based on our calculations, we can conclude that the spatial correlation of innovation in Russian regions is not as strong as it has been assumed in previous studies. This can be considered as evidence in favor of the fact that the concept of interregional spillovers of innovations is poorly consistent with the historical, institutional and territorial peculiarities of Russia, and the methods generally accepted in other countries for such analysis are unsuitable in the Russian context. The results obtained can be taken into account in further research involving spatial modeling of regional innovations. More attention should be paid to the spatial effects of explanatory variables, in particular, interregional spillovers of R&D expenditures, as well as dynamics in the innovation process
Core-Periphery and Peripherality in Regional Science
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS, Melnikova Larisa
Published: April 2024

The article presents an analytical review of the development of the core-periphery and peripherality concepts in economic theory. The stages of formation of the core-periphery approach are marked by the contributions of the school of Latin American structuralism, theories of polarized development, dependency theory and world-system theory associated with the names of R. Prebisch, J. Friedmann, F. Perroux, S. Furtado, I. Wallerstein. The core-periphery concept has proved to be a useful analytical tool in studies of international trade and economic growth in the world economy. At the same time, uneven structures of distribution of economic activity in space, similar to the core-periphery structure, appear in many models of regional economy, starting with the model of agricultural production location by I. Thunen and ending with the core-periphery model by P. Krugman. These structures emerge without the help of the core-periphery concept, but as a result of the interaction of two fundamental factors – transport costs and economies of scale – and represent various combinations of dispersion and agglomeration. With regional inequality growing worldwide, the combination of the core-periphery approach and basic concepts of regional economics allows us to analyze the complex mechanisms of spatial polarization of economic space. Over time, the periphery has gone beyond the core-periphery dichotomy and developed into an independent category defined, defined by a combination of low accessibility of large markets, low population density and remoteness from decision-making centers. The concept of peripherality allows us to understand the processes of peripheralisation of previously prosperous territories through the interaction of power asymmetry and agglomeration effects
Labor Shortage in the Regions of Russia
Authors: Alekhin Boris
Published: April 2024

The objective of this research is 1) to explore time and space characteristics, as well as the origin of labor shortage and 2) to find out whether there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between labor shortage and its determinants using panel data for 82 subjects of the Russian Federation over 2000–2021 and some tools of panel data econometrics. Since 2012 the number of job vacancies has exceeded the number of unemployed persons, and this excess has become a permanent feature of the labor market. The job vacancy rate grew by 0,12% annually and doubled over the observation period, which means ‘labor hunger’ did not fall as snow from the sky. In 78% of panel observations the job vacancy rate does not exceed the market benchmark of 3,5% , and the number of regions with a very low job vacancy rate greatly exceeds the number with a high rate, which does not support the idea of ‘labor hunger’ countrywide. The demand for blue-color workers is well above the average in industrial Russia, and the demand for white-color workers is above average in in less industrialized regions. There is a shortage of blue-color workers in regions with developed manufacturing, transportation, and service sector. Hence a high job vacancy rate for blue-color labor. Yes, there is another Russia, where these sectors are underdeveloped generating weak demand for blue-color labor. Labor shortage is multiregional shortage of predominantly blue-color workers. The results of econometric exercises suggest there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between labor shortage and its determinants such as real wage, the level of unemployment and business cycle
PENGARUH TAMBAHAN SERAT SABUT KELAPA TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN DAN KUAT TARIK BELAH BETON
Authors: Prayogi Galih
Published: April 2024

Beton ternyata memiliki kelemahan terhadap gaya tarik. Salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki kelemahan beton dalam kuat tarik adalah dengan penambahan serat pada adukan beton yang disebut beton serat. Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kuat tekan dan kuat tarik belah beton normal dengan penambahan serat sabut kelapa umur 7 hari, 14 hari dan 28 hari. Besarnya persentase penambahan serat sabut kelapa adalah 0,5%; 2,5%; 4,5%; 6,5%; dan 8,5% terhadap volume total beton. Pengujian kuat tekan dan kuat tarik belah beton menggunakan sampel silinder dengan diameter 10 cm dan tinggi 20 cm. Serat berupa sabut kelapa yang digunakan dengan panjang 30 mm. Nilai kuat tekan beton tanpa penambahan serat pada umur 28 hari sebesar 31,33 MPa, sedangkan beton dengan penambahan 0,5%; 2,5%; 4,5%; 6,5%; dan 8,5% serat sabut kelapa memperoleh nilai kuat tekan berturut-turut sebesar 33,05 MPa; 33,72 MPa; 24,46 MPa; 16,47 MPa; dan 9,23 MPa. Nilai kuat tarik belah beton tanpa penambahan serat pada umur 28 hari sebesar 2,835 MPa, sedangkan beton dengan penambahan 0,5%; 2,5%; 4,5%; 6,5%; dan 8,5% serat sabut kelapa memperoleh nilai kuat tarik belah berturut-turut sebesar 3,497 MPa; 3,754 MPa; 4,029 MPa; 3,345 MPa; dan 3,039 MPa, sedangkan nilai kuat tekan maksimum terjadi pada beton variasi 2,5% dengan penambahan serat sabut kelapa yaitu sebesar 33,05 MPa, sedangkan nilai kuat tarik belah maksimum terjadi pada beton variasi 4,5% dengan penambahan serat sabut kelapa yaitu sebesar 4,029 MPa. Hasil persamaan kuat tarik belah berdasarkan nilai kuat tekan beton pada persentase 0% mendapat 0,507√f'c sedangkan pada beton penambahan serat serabut kelapa pada 0,5%; 2,5%; 4,5%; 6,5%; dan 8,5% bertutur-turut sebesar 0,608√f'c; 0,646√f'c; 0,815√f'c 0,824√f'c 1,0004√f'c Kata kunci: beton serat, serat sabut kelapa, kuat tekan, kuat tarik belah
Arquitectura y patrimonio: expresión auténtica para establecer la marca de lugar
Authors: Gama Avilez Romelia , Silva González Jaime
Published: April 2024

Los centros históricos con declaratoria patrimonial o sin ella comparten características urbanas y arquitectónicas entre ellos que se manifiestan en su dinámica de vida social, además de promover un desarrollo económico que pareciera considerarse un atractivo prioritario para los gobiernos siguiendo las tendencias generadas por la globalización. Por tanto, y dando respuesta a estas “necesidades”, surgen distintas estrategias para generar su promoción y explotación turística, de ahí que la marca de lugar tiene grandes implicaciones comerciales y se vuelve un tema complejo. Sin embargo, se pueden encontrar algunos casos aislados en los que esta promoción no está tan cargada de fines comerciales o, en el mejor de los casos, las propuestas de marca de lugar se asocian a algunos rasgos de identidad cultural propios del lugar. Es según esta reflexión y con fundamentado en un método pragmático y de observación fenomenológica que se han analizado algunos factores que inciden en la dinámica de vida de los habitantes de algunos sitios patrimoniales, por ejemplo, la forma en que se armoniza la vida en sociedad con el patrimonio edificado, su interacción con los espacios públicos y cómo, en su conjunto, construyen la identidad cultural del sitio. Por esta razón, se plantea que precisamente el sentido de pertenencia hacia el patrimonio debe ser aprovechado por medio de políticas públicas para establecer la marca de lugar.
Los valores del “lugar”: marca de lugar, valor de cambio y signo neoliberal de la globalización sin futuro
Authors: Tena Núñez Ricardo Antonio
Published: April 2024

La expresión “marca de lugar” (place branding), cada vez más común en los discursos y emprendimientos inmobiliarios y turísticos, así como en la gestión pública, en particular la urbana (marca de ciudad), son temas que desde hace dos décadas cuentan con una creciente literatura procedente de distintos “lugares centrales” del mundo, sin una valoración crítica respecto de su significado y sentido, con poca evidencia de sus implicaciones y elementos dispersos que la delinean y soportan. Sin embargo, cuando se analizan a la luz del contexto histórico y de la racionalidad política, económica y cultural que genera su emergencia e institución, destaca el carácter de mercancía y su valor de cambio, hecho que requiere la interpretación crítica del neoliberalismo, la globalización y la planificación estratégica, a fin de identificar la manera y los mecanismos que usa el capital para hacer de todo una mercancía y beneficiarse, así como de los postulados empresariales que penetraron la estructura gubernamental y la mercantiliza en favor del capital. Con otro sentido, el estudio distingue la valoración sociocultural del “lugar”, como valor de uso (en sí y para sí), que fuera del mercado se vive: como efecto negativo localizado de las acciones globales-neoliberales, y en tanto vivencia de los lugares, como territorio, cultura y patrimonio (tangible e intangible) de los pueblos. En esta valoración dual (localizada y de lugares), destacan las formas territoriales de los lugares y las identidades de los pueblos originarios, de las culturas populares del campo y la ciudad, y el significado de los movimientos sociales (como los feministas, obreros e indígenas), actores primordiales en los procesos permanentes de conformación de lugares-patrimonio-igualitarios, territorialidades resistentes y emergentes, cuyas prácticas documentan procesos de urbanización sociocultural que, en conjunto, proyectan un cambio social, la emergencia de la nueva utopía que forja una visión de futuro
La arquitectura en las marcas territoriales: un recorrido por México a través de sus imaginarios
Authors: Zamudio Vega Laura Susana
Published: April 2024

La construcción de las marcas territoriales como hoy las conocemos empieza a destacar a finales del siglo XX cuando la globalización, los cambios sociales y la necesidad de diversificar la economía (más enfocada en los servicios que en la industria) generaron una nueva forma de concebir las ciudades, esta vez convirtiendo el propio territorio en el producto de consumo. Esto supuso cambios en su gestión, sobre todo, porque a partir de entonces esta no solo es competencia de la Administración pública, sino que da lugar a la participación de la industria privada con el fin de hacer las ciudades más competitivas y rentables en el mercado global. Este cambio radical se vio impulsado por la popularidad que adquiere el turismo para la sociedad y por ser una de las industrias en la que, por su rentabilidad, más se ha apostado en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, las consecuencias de convertir el territorio en una mercancía y la búsqueda por distinguirse en el contexto internacional ha tenido también consecuencias no deseables. Por ejemplo, la mercantilización de la identidad, que finalmente es recreada para satisfacer los imaginarios de los turistas. De esta forma no solo el territorio es un producto, sino también los usos y las costumbres de sus habitantes; o también la construcción o alteración de los paisajes naturales y construidos para que estos concuerden con la marca o, mejor dicho, con lo que la marca quiere comunicar del lugar. Así, un territorio que muchas veces no lo era, debe consolidarse por lo que se entienda por “rústico”, “pintoresco”, “ecológico”, “vanguardista”, “romántico”, “moderno”, etc.