bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT BETWEEN INDIAN AND INDONESIAN SPORTS-PERSONS: A QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: Halder Asim Kumar , Abdulaziz Moch Fahmi
Published: August 2021

The motive of this study was to analyze, interpret and assess psychological variables between Indian and Indonesian sports-persons. Two psychological variables i.e. Sports Achievement Motivation and Sports Competition Anxiety were selected to understand the difference and non-difference psychic strength and lacuna between Indian and Indonesian sports-persons. This study also conducted to find out a correlation between Sports Achievement Motivation and Sports Competition Anxiety among Indian and Indonesian sports-persons. For the purpose of this study, 50 elite sports-persons from India and 50 elite sports-persons from Indonesia were randomly selected. The subjects’ age ranged between 18-25 years. To measure sports achievement motivation and sports competition anxiety between Indian and Indonesian sports-persons, Sports Achievement Motivation Test (SAMT) developed by M.L. Kamlesh in 1990 and Sports Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) developed by Rainer Martens in 1977, were introduced respectively. For statistical analysis and interpretation of data, Independent Sample t-Test and Pearson Product-moment Correlation were conducted. The level of significance had been taken 0.01. The study found a significant difference in SAMT between Indian and Indonesian female sports-persons, male sports-persons and sports-persons in toto. It also found a significant difference in SCAT between Indian and Indonesian female sports-persons in toto but did not find any significant difference in SCAT between Indian and Indonesian female and male Sports-persons. This study also found no significant correlation between Sports Achievement Motivation and Sports Competition Anxiety among Indian sports-persons but the study detected a significant negative correlation between sports Achievement Motivation and Sports Competition Anxiety among Indonesian sports-persons.

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TOKEN ECONOMY APPROACH AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: A SHORT REPORT FOR PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Maggouritsa Georgia , Kokaridas Dimitrios , Bonotis Konstantinos
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide a short report concerning token economy system application in psychiatry units and connect this approach with physical activity programming, as an effective way to promote psychological benefits, skills and exercise behavior of patients with schizophrenia. Conclusions: Token economy combined with physical activity can be a useful non-pharmaceutical approach that helps patients with schizophrenia to improve psychological aspects and quality of life.

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THE EFFECT OF INSPIRATORY MUSCLE WARM-UP PROTOCOL ON ACCELERATION AND MAXIMAL SPEED IN 12-14 YEARS OLD CHILDREN
Authors: Çelik Mehmet Ali , Özdal Mustafa , Vural Mehmet
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the inspiratory muscle warm-up protocol on acceleration and maximal speed in children aged 12-14. Thirty sedentary boys (age: 12.63 ± 0.89 years) participated in the study. Participants were randomly included in 4 different trials (T1, T2, T3, T4). Acceleration (10m, 20m) and maximal speed tests (30m, 50m) were randomly tested at 10 minutes intervals in each trial. Acceleration and speed tests were performed without any warm-up in T1 trial, with general warm-up in T2 trial, placebo inspiratory muscle warm-up in T3 trial, and inspiratory muscle warm-up in T4 trial. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was seen that general warm-up (T2) and inspiratory muscle warm-up (T4) increased performance significantly compared to control (T1) and placebo (T3) trials in all acceleration and speed tests (p <0.05). In conclusion, it can be said that the inspiratory muscle warm-up protocol has positive effects on acceleration and maximal speed performances, similar to general warm-up.

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THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEPRIVATION ON MULTIMORBIDITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Olutende Micky Oloo , Mse Elizabeth , Wanzala Maximilla N. , Wamukoya Edwin Kadima
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Multimorbidity poses a current global health challenge due to its increasing prevalence and burden on individuals and health systems. Evidence suggests that more socially disadvantaged individuals share a disproportionate burden of multimorbidity. The evidence on the relationship between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and multimorbidity is unclear. Thus, the aim of the current study is to synthesise evidence on the association between area-level socio-economic disadvantage and multimorbidity. Methods: A systematic review was conducted of published literature from inception to January 2020. Search strategy was applied to identify evidence on PubMed (Medline), Ovid (Medline, Embase, Psycinfo) and Web of Science. Studies were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Newcastle Ottawa Scale for observational studies was used for quality assessment of included studies. Evidence was synthesised narratively. Results: We identified eight out of 2588 studies identified in the search as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of the eight studies, five studies confirmed a positive association between area-level socio-economic disadvantage and multimorbidity, two studies presented a negative association, and one study presented no association. Three studies found individuals in deprived areas to have higher multimorbidity than those in affluent areas. Two studies established that individuals in rural areas had higher multimorbidity than their urban counterparts. Two studies found individuals in urban areas to have a higher multimorbidity than those in rural areas. Conclusion: Evidence shows that association between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and multimorbidity exist. Except for area of residence, clear positive associations were confirmed between area deprivation and multimorbidity.

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A COMPARISON OF SOME ANTHROPOMETRIC AND MOTOR FEATURES OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS WHO PLAY SPORTS AND THOSE WHO DO NOT PLAY SPORTS IN SCHOOLS FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED IN TURKEY
Authors: Kurtoğlu Ahmet , Konar Nurettin
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare certain anthropometric and motor features of visually impaired students who play sports and those who do not play sports in schools for the visually impaired in Turkey. It is thought that the sport has an important place in the rehabilitation of disabled people and also has an effect on their physical characteristics. Material and Methods: In this context, 98 visually impaired students who played sports regularly (72 male, 26 female) and 189 visually impaired students who did not play sports regularly (110 male, 79 female) participated in our study. In the study, participants’ gender, age, height, body weight, body mass index, girth, and motor features such as flamingo balance test, flexibility, standing long jump, sit-up, bent arm hang, 10 x 5m shuttlerun, grip strength, vertical jump, abdominal strength, back strength, hip flexion strength, hip extension strength, leg flexion strength, leg extension strength, arm strength and arm extension strength were measured. During the strength measurements, Lovett’s Manual Muscle Strength Test was utilised. Results: In the study, significant differences were found between visually impaired students who played sports and those who did not play sports in terms of age, height, grip strength, vertical jump, balance test, flexibility, long jump, sit-up, bent arm hang, 10 x 5m shuttle run, abdominal strength, back strength, hip flexion strength, hip extension strength, leg flexion strength, leg extension strength, arm flexion strength and arm extension strength (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in terms of body weight, body mass index or girth (p>0.05). Conclusion: Examination of the test results of the study reveals that visually impaired students who played sports had higher performance levels than those of students who did not play sports. It is recommended that visually impaired students, as well as being given physical education lessons, should take part in more mobility games and sporting activities, or that more mobility games and sporting activities should be included in course curricula.

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INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF 8 WEEKS CORE TRAINING PROGRAM ON FREE SHOOTING AND VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS AGED 16-18
Authors: Şahiner Vesile , Koca Feyzullah
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the core training program applied for 8 weeks to basketball players aged 16-18 on free throw and vertical jump performance. 22 male basketball players (11 experimental group, 11 control group) aged 16-18 participated in the study voluntarily. While core training was applied to the basketball players in the experimental group, 2 days a week for 8 weeks, together with the basketball training, the basketball players in the control group only continued their routine basketball training. Free throw and vertical jump performance tests were applied to the subjects before applying the 8-week core training program (pre-test) and after the 8-week core training (post-test). Statistically significant difference was found between pretest and posttest in terms of experimental group free throw test values (p<0.05) Statistically significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest values of the control group in terms of free throw test values (p<0.05). When the experimental group and control group free throw pretest and posttest were compared, no statistical significance was found (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest in terms of vertical jump test values of the experimental group and the control group (p<0.05). However, the development in the experimental group was higher than in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the free throw test difference mean values of the experimental group and the control group (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the vertical jump test difference mean values of the experimental group and the control group (p<0.05). As a result, it can be said that 8-week core training has positive effects on the development of vertical jump performance on basketball players, but no effect on free throw performance.

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ORGANISED CRIME: UNDERGROUND ECONOMY AND REGULATIONS TO COMBAT CYBERCRIME
Authors: Greco Fulvio , Greco Gianpiero
Published: August 2021

Criminal organizations, with the advent of new information technologies, have found additional ways and spaces through which to commit crimes, especially in online hidden markets and through new means of laundering illicit proceeds. The opening of these new illegal markets has helped to increase the capital of criminal organizations which, if spread and rooted in the territory, can influence the various spheres of politics and decision-making processes of an entire country. Despite the seriousness of the threat, organised crime is not sufficiently understood. Although regulatory interventions and actions to prevent and combat cybercrimes perpetrated by organised crime have been implemented, through the international collaboration of the police forces with the various investigative agencies, the individual states intend to maintain full sovereignty in the area of criminal justice; all this leads to a lack of uniformity between both national and European institutions in the area of organized crime, while adequate regulation is still lacking in the dark web. In the light of the exponential increase in online criminal activity in recent years and even 25% between the first and second quarter of 2020 due to the coronavirus emergency, it is therefore essential that the individual Member States put aside uncertainties, exploiting the European Union as a fulcrum in the fight against transnational organised crime. A common solution would be to criminalize access to some areas of the Onion Routing, integrate the provisions of the article 416 of the Penal Code to apply them also to the digital context and establish the crime of mafia-type criminal association in the European legislative landscape as explained in article 416-bis of the Italian Penal Code.

Interpol; Europol; Postal police; Criminal law; Darknet
TEACHERS’ CONTRIBUTION IN DEAFBLIND STUDENTS’ BRAILLE LITERACY
Authors: Spyropoulou Konstantina
Published: August 2021

Deafblindness constitutes a dual sensory impairment that is caused by acquired or congenital factors. Assistive technology has converted learning into an approachable good for them. Based on the literature review, braille turned out the most effective assistive device that promotes deafblind (DB) children’s literacy. However, education without human contribution cannot operate properly. For that reason, teachers play a vital role in children’s learning development and can act as the mediators of the provided knowledge. The educational personnel has to bear in mind that every DB child has unique necessities. Consequently, it is imperative need to teach them the suitable combination of methods and techniques consolidated with their knowledge and experience. This research study will employ the methodology of qualitative research as well as the method of semi-structured interviews with teachers of DB students, in order to discover efficient strategies of teaching braille that could build children’s literacy in the school environment.

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CHILDREN WITH DYSLEXIA: CAN THEY BE INCLUDED IN MAINSTREAM CONTEXTS?
Authors: Spyropoulou Konstantina
Published: August 2021

This paper focuses on the ongoing debate of the appropriate type of provision in mainstream or special schools and considers inclusion as the key to the education of dyslexic children (DC). Polarised views for and against mainstream and special schools have been extensively discussed by teachers, parents and students. Based on the contrasting perceptions, there is a need to investigate the implications that arise and encourage the implementation of good practice of inclusive education that should be adopted by school contexts, if certain aspects, such as teachers’ attitudes, availability of the right resources and social acceptance of dyslexics’ peers, are modified.

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Effects of Bank Specific Factors on Stock Returns of Listed Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors:   School of Business, JomoKenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya, Wamicwe Sheila
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study was to establish the effects of bank specific factors on stock returns of listed commercial banks in Kenya, with four specific objectives; to determine the effect of capital adequacy on stock returns of listed commercial banks in Kenya, to determine the effect of asset quality on stock returns of listed commercial banks in Kenya, to determine the effect of earnings ability on stock returns of listed commercial banks in Kenya and to determine the effect of liquidity on stock returns of listed commercial banks in Kenya. The Kenyan banking sector instability within the stock market has been of great concern as depicted by continuous fluctuations in the stock prices of listed banks. Studies undertaken in other stock markets displayed mixed findings and much concentration has been on the United States, Turkey and Indonesian stock markets. Hence, a study providing a Kenyan perspective on the link between banks’ internal environment and stock returns of listed banks was crucial. The study was based on market portfolio theory, efficiency structure hypothesis and the buffer capital theory. The research targeted all the 11 listed commercial banks at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Quarterly data was collected for the period 2010-2019. A pooled panel regression model was used in the estimation of the significance of the impact of the variables. Findings of the research established that capital adequacy and earnings had a significant effect on stock returns. The study recommends that commercial banks should improve their capital base and expand their asset quality through better loan management.
Competitiveness Analysis of Indonesian Banking Industry Based on Corporate Social Responsibility Impacts
Authors:   Universitas Hawam Wuruk Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia, . Lindiawati
Published: August 2021

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been becoming more attention for both companies and consumers. People are more aware of giving consideration on what companies have been doing for public as the representative of their responsibilities, and they use this to make buying decision and producing word-of-mouth. Corporate Social Responsibility has also been involved in banking industry since bank is an industry that is considered fragile or very easy to be affected by publis psychology leading bank customers then rush during a negative issue impacting the bank industry. By the government regulation pushing the banks to implement CSR, the kinds of CSR activities must reflect what banks wanth to achieve. Based on some studies on CSR impacts, it has been identified that the impact of CSR activities can be classified into four categories namely: phylanthophy, promotion, business impact, and mindset change. By knowing the map of the banks’ CSR activities based on those four categories, it can be concluded the competitiveness of the bank especially from the perspective of their social exposures. The result shows There are four banks that have well implemented CSR in term of that they have many CSR activities and whose impact levels are high. Three of of the four banks, have completed CSR whose impacst are complete, namely philanthropy, promotion, Business Impact, and Mindset Change.
Warisan Budaya Tidak Ketara Komuniti Cina Peranakan Kelantan: Kajian Kes Upacara Koi Hoi di Kampung Pasir Parit
Authors: Eyo Leng Yan , Suboh Rosdeen , Pue Giok Hun
Published: August 2021

Keunikan warisan kebudayaan tidak ketara masyarakat multietnik di Malaysia kian terancam oleh modenisasi dan globalisasi yang berlaku dengan lebih pesat berbanding dengan usaha-usaha yang dijalankan untuk melestari dan memperkasakan warisan kebudayaan itu sendiri. Hal ini lebih ketara bila melibatkan komuniti etnik minoriti yang kurang dikenali umum seperti komuniti Cina Peranakan Kelantan. Justeru itu, makalah ini cuba untuk mengupas dan meneliti satu upacara tradisi Cina Peranakan Kelantan yang semakin dilupakan iaitu upacara Koi Hoi. Perbincangan makalah ini adalah kepada sejarah asal-usul, kepercayaan dan amalan upacara tersebut berdasarkan kajian lapangan yang dilakukan di Kampung Pasir Parit di Jajahan Pasir Mas pada tahun 2019. Kajian mendapati upacara Koi Hoi adalah satu upacara tradisi Tao yang diwarisi secara turun-temurun daripada leluhur yang tiba di Tanah Melayu 300 tahun yang lalu. Ia bertitik-tolak daripada sistem kepercayaan tradisi Cina yang berkaitan dengan kewujudan dan pengaruh kuasa supernatural dalam kehidupan seharian seperti dewa-dewi dan keramat. Upacara Koi Hoi dijalankan sebagai satu usaha beramai-ramai oleh penduduk kampung untuk memohon kepada dewa penjaga kampung perlindungan daripada musibah duniawi mahupun gangguan kuasa ghaib, selain mendapatkan keberkatan demi kesejahteraan seluruh warga kampung. Daripada segi penganjurannya, persiapan dan proses kerja upacara Koi Hoi menerapkan juga elemen-elemen budaya tempatan dan melibatkan partisipasi warga kampung daripada latar etnik berlainan. Justeru itu, melihat kepada kerelevanannya dalam konteks pemupukan perpaduan dalam hubungan antara etnik di Malaysia, maka seharusnya warisan upacara Koi Hoi ini dipelihara dan diiktiraf dengan sewajarnya sebagai warisan kebangsaan di bawah Akta Warisan Kebangsaan 2005.
Keberkesanan Kaedah Pengajaran Needham, STAD dan Konvensional Berpandukan Modul Pendidikan Kesenian Terhadap Hasil Kerja Seni dan Minat Murid Sekolah Rendah
Authors: Kandasamy Othaya Kumaran , Mydin Al-Amin , Kanesan Abdul Ghani , Mohamed Ismail Shaik Abdul Malik
Published: August 2021

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur keberkesanan kaedah pengajaran Needham, STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) dan Konvensional berpandukan Modul Pendidikan Kesenian tahun empat terhadap pencapaian hasil kerja seni dan minat murid tahun empat di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil (SJKT). Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kaedah kuasi eksperimen dengan membahagikan kepada tiga kumpulan. Kumpulan eksperimen 1 diajar dengan menggunakan kaedah pengajaran model Needham. Kumpulan eksperimen 2 diajar dengan menggunakan kaedah pengajaran model STAD. Manakala kumpulan kawalan pula diajar dengan menggunakan kaedah konvensional. Ketiga-tiga kumpulan ini diajar berpandukan Modul Pendidikan Kesenian tahun empat. Kajian ini melibatkan 92 orang murid tahun empat dari tiga buah Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil di daerah Kuala Muda, Yan negeri Kedah. Kajian ini dijalankan selama lapan minggu. Instrumen yang diguna pakai dalam kajian ini ialah rancangan pengajaran model Needham, model STAD dan konvensional. Selain itu, ujian pra, ujian pasca dan soal selidik minat juga digunakan. Data kajian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan ujian ANCOVA dan MANCOVA. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kumpulan eksperimen 1 yang diajar dengan menggunakan kaedah pengajaran Needham menunjukkan peningkatan min skor pencapaian hasil kerja seni secara signifikan berbanding dengan kumpulan eksperimen 2 yang diajar dengan menggunakan kaedah pengajaran model STAD dan kawalan yang diajar dengan menggunakan kaedah pengajaran konvensional. Selain itu, minat murid kumpulan eksperimen 1 terhadap mata pelajaran pendidikan kesenian menunjukkan min skor yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan kumpulan-kumpulan lain. Akhir sekali, kajian ini memberikan implikasi yang jelas terhadap peningkatan pencapaian hasil kerja seni dan minat murid tahun empat di SJKT dalam mata pelajaran pendidikan kesenian.
Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan Modul Pembelajaran Berasaskan Pengintergrasian Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri 5E dan Koperatif
Authors: Chai Wan Luen , Siew Nyet Moi , Lee Bih Nih
Published: August 2021

Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi menentukan kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan modul pembelajaran berasaskan pengintegrasian model pembelajaran inkuiri 5E dan koperatif (P5E-PK). Modul P5E-PK telah dibangunkan untuk memupuk Kemahiran Proses Sains Tahap Empat (KPST4) bagi mata pelajaran Sains Tingkatan Empat. Seramai dua orang panel pakar dan sembilan orang guru terlibat untuk menentukan kesahan kandungan modul berdasarkan lima kriteria iaitu i) rancangan pengajaran harian, ii) standard pembelajaran, iii) elemen KPS tahap empat, iv) pengintegrasian P5E-PK, dan v) pelaksanaan aktiviti. Selepas pelaksanaan modul, soal selidik berskala lima likert ditadbir ke atas 60 orang pelajar bagi mendapatkan penilaian terhadap kebolehlaksanaan dan kebolehgunaan aktviti dalam modul P5E-PK terhadap KPST4. Hasil penilaian pakar menunjukkan darjah persetujuan yang tinggi iaitu 93.27% dan modul yang dibangunkan memenuhi aspek yang digariskan dengan sedikit penambahbaikan. Penilaian guru terhadap modul menunjukkan nilai min keseluruhan 4.51 yang menunjukkan bahawa guru-guru bersetuju modul P5E-PK dapat diaplikasikan dalam PdPc. Didapati nilai Cronbach Alpha bagi penilaian subjek kajian terhadap kebolehlaksanaan aktiviti ialah 0.76. Ini menunjukkan aktiviti modul P5E-PK mempunyai ketekalan dalaman yang tinggi. Kebolehgunaan aktiviti memaparkan nilai min keseluruhan 4.20, menunjukkan bahawa subjek kajian bersetuju modul P5E-PK boleh digunakan untuk memupuk KPST4. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa modul P5E-PK mempunyai kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi dalam memupuk KPST4 dalam kalangan pelajar Tingkatan Empat.
Hubungan Antara Efikasi Kendiri Guru dengan Prestasi Kerja dalam kalangan Guru-Guru Kawasan Pedalaman, Sabah
Authors: Taul Zulaine Awang , Abdullah Mohd Khairuddin , Mohamed Nawi Mohd Mahadzir Rahimi Bin
Published: August 2021

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efikasi kendiri guru dan prestasi kerja dalam kalangan guru-guru di sekolah menengah kawasan pedalaman, Sabah. Kajian yang melibatkan seramai 375 orang responden yang dipilih menerusi persampelan bertujuan dan rawak mudah adalah terdiri daripada guru-guru yang terlatih. Kajian ini berbentuk deskriptif statistik yang menggunakan soal selidik berkaitan dengan efikasi kendiri guru dan prestasi kerja. Kajian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Statistik deskriptif seperti frekuensi, peratusan dan min serta sisihan piawai digunakan dalam kajian ini untuk melihat tahap kedua-dua pemboleh ubah. Selain itu, analisis korelasi pearson juga digunakan bagi menguji hipotesis kajian. Dapatan mendedahkan skor min bagi tahap keseluruhan efikasi kendiri guru dan prestasi kerja yang dikaji berada pada tahap yang tinggi. Di samping itu, kajian juga mendedahkan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara efikasi kendiri guru dengan prestasi kerja. Keputusan ini secara langsungnya menolak hipotesis nol yang telah dibina.
Students’ Perception Towards Teaching and Learning of Design and Technology Subject in English
Authors: SN Prabu , MK Nesamalar
Published: August 2021

This quantitative study aimed to explore the students' perception on the instruction medium of Design and Technology (Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi - RBT) subject in lower secondary forms. This study determined the perceptions of students based on factors such as Students’ preferred medium of instruction for RBT, Students’ readiness towards English medium instruction (EMI), and Developing English literacy through English medium instruction. This research utilized a survey research design. Online questionnaires constructed for data collection. The target population were 100 public school students in Form One, Two and Three. Findings from the questionnaire exhibits, the participants are favourable on the English medium instruction for RBT curriculum and believe they can benefit from learning RBT in English medium. The outcomes of the study are expected to influence curriculum designers, policymakers, educators and learners on the effectiveness of language in successful RBT pedagogy. In terms of local context, past studies on EMI focused mainly on Science and Mathematics; the traditional STEM subjects. Therefore, this research has the opportunity to fill the gap by including the latest subject, RBT.
Barriers Analysis on Consumer Usage Intention of Freelance Marketplace in Indonesia
Authors: Putinagari Palita Rana , Aprilianty Fitri
Published: August 2021

Past studies have shown that the informal sector, including freelancers, contributes significantly towards Indonesia’s rate of employment by providing economic opportunities to those who cannot be absorbed by the formal sectors. Seizing this opportunity, many businesses are tapping into providing freelancers a place to sell and market their services online, commonly known as freelance marketplace. Yet the penetration of these platforms is still low in Indonesia. While the supply is high, Indonesian consumers still have doubts to use these marketplaces as their go-to platform when searching for freelancers. Thus, this study aims to investigate factors that impede consumers intention to use freelance marketplace in Indonesia, based on the framework of Innovation Resistance Theory (IRT). The data was collected from 370 respondents through online questionnaires, analyzed using Smart PLS software, and interviews, deciphered using selective coding. The results suggest that usage barrier, value barrier, tradition barrier, and image barrier negatively influence consumers’ usage intention of freelance marketplace, all except for risk barrier. Additionally, social influence also has a significant effect on value barrier and image barrier. These findings can be useful to construct business strategies for online freelance service providers, by focusing to eliminate the critical barriers mentioned in this study.
Social Awareness and Ideology: Self-Assessment and Socio-Civic Knowledge Competence
Authors: Maderick Joseph , Grubaugh Steven , Levitt Gregg , Deever Allen
Published: August 2021

"The fundamental cause of the trouble is that in the modern world the stupid are cocksure while the intelligent are full of doubt" (Russell, 1933, p. 28). One seldom hears doubt in the espousing of socio-civic, cultural, or political pronouncements. While the voices seem to always be “cocksure;” we first ask at what level is their objective knowledge and how well do they self-assess that knowledge? We explore how ideological positioning is related to self-assessment and objective knowledge. We conducted a non-comparative (absolute) quantitative study through an email survey of 330 residents of the U.S. over the age of 18 that examined objective socio-civic knowledge and self-assessed ideology and wokeness. The experimental results confirmed misestimations consistent with Dunning-Kruger Effects.
TRANSMISSION OF COVID-19 BY PASSENGER’S DESTINATIONS FROM IRAN, CHINA AND AFGHANISTAN: HIGHER RISKS OF NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INTO BALUCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
Authors: Inamullah Syed , Ashrafuddin Syed , Ahmed Syed Bilal , Rehmatullah Rehmatullah , Naz Farah , Muhammad Syed Akhtar , Tareen Samad
Published: August 2021

Objective: The aim of this study research was to assess the risk of spreading of covid-19 through passenger and zahireen returning from Iran, china and Afghanistan through airports, seaports and land cross borders.Methods: The data was obtained from provincial heath directorate government of Baluchistan and from Chinese health commission daily update website from the period of 28th February to 3rd March 2020.Result: In February and March 2020 five (5) initial cases of COVID-19 are reported in passengers and zahireen (people go to Iran for pilgrimage) returned from China and Iran. Pakistan is at risk a rapid importation of novel coronavirus (Covid-19) due to huge land and air traffic with china, Iran and Afghanistan with their corresponding contaminated cities.Conclusion: Pakistan being included in the countries, mostly dealing with Iran and china for many economic forums, without pre-controlled measure can lead to the quick equipped of novel coronavirus. It needs well develop health facilities to stop the rapid dispersion of this contagious disease.Key words: COVID-19, contagious disease. Zahireen, Taftan   Risks in Pakistan
Ethnobotanical study of wild flora of Haroonabad, District Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Anwer Zobia , Shabbir Siddra , Qurat-ul-ain . , Iram Tanzeela , Tariq Sumaira , Murad Hina
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The first purpose of this study to record the new and rare use of medicinal plants in the selected area; secondly to discover the plants which were unexplored in the past and thirdly to record the Ethnobotanical data of occurring plant species.Methodology: The studied area surveyed from July to December. The plants were dried and mounted on standard herbarium sheets. The Ethnobotanical data were collected from 85 local people of Haroonabad by questionnaire.Findings: The wild flora contained 81 species within 28 families. The largest family was Poaceae with 15 species followed by Euphorbiaceae with 8 species while Asteraceae and Amaranthaceae with 7 species. The life span of plants was comprised of 47 annual species (58%) and 34 perennial species (42%). The life-form spectrum explains that Therophyte 48 species (59%) were the dominant followed by Phanerophytes 7 species (8%) and Chaemophytes 13 species (17%), Hemicryptophyte 8 species (10%), Geophytes 3 species (4%) Halophyte 1 specie (1%) and Parasite 1 specie (1%). Leaf venation classes of plants consisted of reticulate 28 species (34%), pinnate 29 species (36%), parallel 20 species (25%), palmate 2 species (2.5%) and 2 species (2.5%) were leafless thus had no leaf venation. The plant species with herbaceous stems was 68 while with woody stems 13 species. The Ethnobotanical data of 70 species were recorded because 11 plants were not known by anyone. The range of UV value was 0.09 (Chrozophora plicata Vahl.) to 0.78 (Acacia nilotica L.) and the RCF value range was 0.03 (Imperata cylindrica L.)  to 0.95 (Acacia nilotica L.). The range of ICF value was recorded from 0.45 (Hormonal disorder) to 0.78 (Respiratory disease). 57% whole plant followed by leaves (53%) was used in the ayurvedic field. Therophytes were supported in the studied region for the reason that the region is a semi-arid zone of Punjab, Pakistan.Unique contribution: The present comprehensive study provides a basic point for other researchers and enhances the knowledge of poor people related to ayurvedic field. The Ethnobotanical study tries to attract the attention towards the conservation strategies of wild plants.
THE MODERATING EFFECT OF AGE ON FIRM’S INTERNAL DETERMINANTS OF TRADE CREDIT OF LISTED FIRMS IN KENYA
Authors: Ng’eny Amon
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Trade credit is one of the main sources of funding for global companies. The importance of trade credit can also be seen from the proportion of investment that is financed through it. Despite the potential importance of trade credit, limited attention has been paid to its role and use, especially in developing countries. The main aim of the study was to establish the determinants of trade credit and moderating role of the age of the firms listed in Nairobi securities exchange.

Methodology: The study adopted an explanatory research design which was guided by both the transaction cost and the credit substitution theories. The study was based in firms listed on the Nairobi securities exchange for the period 2012 to 2013 and used document analysis to collect secondary data from the company’s annual report. Data were analysed through the use of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods.

Results: The study findings indicated that debt levels (β1 = 0.5422, ρ<0.05), liquidity (β3 = -0.0275, p < 0.05) and inventory (β4 = -0.0399, p < 0.05) have a significant effect on firm trade credit with an explanatory power of 56% (R2 = 0.5695, p< 0.05), while collateral (β2= -0.1363, ρ > 0.05) have an insignificant effect. On the other hand, firm age has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between determinants and trade credit. In particular, firm’s age has significant interaction effect on debt level (β6 = -2.3609, p < 0.05), the interaction effects on liquidity (β8 = -2.4649, p < 0.05).

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Theory: Firms need to establish a well-defined trade-credit granting criteria to assess the creditworthiness of the buyers to avoid default risk or late payment by buyers. Firms should be cautious while pledging an asset as collateral since the bank has exclusive access to pertinent information. Also, firms should hold liquid assets to meet their financial obligations. There is also a need for firms to transform the raw material supplied into finished goods so that suppliers’ advantage in repossessing and selling supplied goods is reduced. The study also contributes to credit substitution theory by indicating the possibility of using internal equity or external debt financing that cannot be undervalued in the market.
THE IMPACT OF MOBILE BANKING APPLICATION ON CLIENT INTERACTION WITH YEMEN BANKS
Authors: Hadi Jalal , Huafei Wei , Khan Muhammad , Abdulrab Mohammad , Yan Zhao
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyse the impact of a mobile banking application on client interactions with banks in Yemen.

Methodology:  Data were collected using structured questionnaires. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics and correlation values were used to report the results. This paper coverers the barriers and the factors that might affect badly on the performance of the mobile banking services in the Yemen banks industry.

Findings: The findings of this study show that the traditional method of banks is changing; the entire system of banks has been changed from the traditional old way to the advanced way, and The traditional way is a paper-based banking provider while the new way is to use the technology as a method to enhance the performance of the banks such as the usage of mobile banking. In addition, the result of this paper is that there is a link between the user stratification and supportive access factor, and they are related to mobile banking. However, recently mobile banking is being adopted scientifically in recent years as most of the systems are become computerized and mobile phones are being in the market more than computers.  Although, the emerging new technology to the banks' services market is exposed to barriers to the adoption of mobile banking services. The results of this current study will provide insights into the factors that affect the successful uptake of mobile banking services among clients of Yemeni banks.
Сравнительная возрастная характеристика околоносовых пазух в постнатальном онтогенезе (обзор литературы)
Authors: Ополовникова Кристина , Харибова Елена
Published: August 2021

Изучены журналы, материалы научных конференций, а также другие информационные источники для собрания достоверной информации о морфометрическом развитии лобных пазух.
Акмеологик ёндошув асосида бўлажак ўқитувчиларда когнитив компетентликни ривожлантириш технологиясини тадқиқ этиш масалалари
Authors: Маҳмудова Дилноза
Published: August 2021

Ушбу мақолада акмеологик ёндошув асосида бўлажак ўқитувчиларда когнитив компетентликни ривожлантириш технологиясини тадқиқ этиш масалалари ёритилган.
Юнусхоннинг Мовароуннаҳр ижтимоий-сиёсий ҳаётида тутган ўрнига доир айрим мулоҳазалар
Authors: Тухтабеков Козимбек
Published: August 2021

Мақолада тарихий шахс ҳаёти тарихи яъни, Юнусхон мисолида XIV асрнинг 40 йилларда Чиғатой улусидаги вазият ҳамда XV асрда, темурийлар ўртасидаги ҳокимият учун кураш кучайган даврда Мовароуннаҳр ва Мўғулистондаги ижтимоий-сиёсий ҳаётининг айрим масалари кўрсатиб ўтилган. Хусусан, Юнусхоннинг Абу Сайид мирзо ва унинг ўғиллари ўртасидаги муносабат масалалари манба ва адабиётларга таянган ҳолда очиб берилган.
Инглиз тили дарсликларининг яратилишидаги муаммолар
Authors: Кодиров Собиржон , Рахманова Феруза
Published: August 2021

Мактабларда инглиз тили ўқитилишида, сўзлашув услубига амал қилган ҳолда, соф адабий тилни ўзлаштириш ва ёзма саводхонликка эришиш учун икки ўзбек ва инглиз тилининг унли фонемалар тизимини солиштириш, ўзбек тилидан фарқ қилган ҳолда инглиз тилидаги унли фонемаларнинг айтилиши ва ёзилишидаги фарқларни ўрганишнинг дастлабки босқичини мустаҳкам эгаллаш мақсад йўлидаги биринчи қадам бўлмоғи зарур.
Прогнозирование и профилактика послеродовых гипотонических кровотечений при синдроме перерастяжения матки
Authors: Абдуллаева Лола , Сафаров Алиаскар
Published: August 2021

Проблема развития  многоводия является актуальной в связи с возникающими при этом осложнениями беременности и родов, как для матери, так и для плода. Одним из наиболее опасных осложнений являются гипотонические кровотечения в послеродовом периоде, влекущие за собой увеличение материнской заболеваемости и смертности. Среди причин кровотечений  многоводие, частота которого достигает   1 -8% от общего пула беременных, занимает одну из ведущих позиций.  Целью  исследования явилось изучение  особенностей клиники и морфологической структуры стенки матки при многоводии различной степени тяжести.  Всё это диктует необходимость совершенствования способов профилактики гипотонических послеродовых кровотечений у женщин с многоводием.
The fraction of a political party is an important subject of the legislative process
Authors: Bekov Ikhtiyor
Published: August 2021

The article examines the legal mechanisms associated with the participation of fractions of political parties in the legislative process. The legislative activity of fractions of political parties in the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis has been analyzed with the help of reliable statistics. The legislative activity of the fractions of political parties in the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis is analyzed by accurate statistics. The article provides suggestions for improving the participation of fractions of political parties in the legislative process.
The development of exchange rate systems in Central Asia- history and current policy initiatives
Authors: Abdullaeva Mukhayo , Turaeva Sayyora
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the topic of history of exchange rate system development in Central Asian countries including Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan along with central banks’ current policy initiatives. Report includes the analysis of the IMF reports regarding the above mentioned countries and some extra literature referring to the topic.
Адвокатнинг тадбиркорлик субъeктларига юридик ёрдам кўрсатишнинг ташкилий-ҳуқуқий механизмини янада такомиллаштириш масалалари
Authors: Нурумов Дилшодбек
Published: August 2021

Мазкур мақолада Ўзбекистон Республикаси адвокатлари томонидан тадбиркорлик субъектларига юридик ёрдам кўрсатиш фаолиятининг айрим ташкилий ва ҳуқуқий механизмларини янада такомиллаштириш масалалари кўриб чиқилган. Муаллиф томонидан Ўзбекистон ва хорижий тадқиқотчи ва олимларнинг юридик ёрдам кўрсатишда монополия ўрнатишнинг ижобий ва салбий жиҳатларига оид қарашлари таҳлил қилиниб, бу борада якдил фикр мавжуд эмаслиги маълум бўлди. Жумладан, муаллиф томонидан ҳозирда адвокатлар тадбиркорлик субъектларига суд органида хизмат кўрсатиш монополияси мавжудлиги таъкидланиб, бу борада амалиёт ва доктринада мавжуд муаммолар атрофлича кўриб чиқилган. Муаллиф томонидан адвокатлар томонидан тадбиркорлик субъектларига юридик ёрдам кўрсатиш фаолиятини яхшилаш, хусусан уларнинг фуқаролик-ҳуқуқий жавобгарлигини белгилаш мақсадида миллий қонунчилик ва суд амалиёти ҳужжатларига бир қатор қўшимча ва ўзгаришлар киритиш лозимлиги хусусидаги илмий-назарий хулосаларга келинган.
Венчурное инвестирование как перспективное направление инновационного развития Узбекистана
Authors: Мухаммедов Мурод , Муродов Шавкатжон
Published: August 2021

Основная цель исследования – выявление роли и значения венчурного капитала в современных условиях и обоснование основных направлений формирования венчурного рынка и перспектив его развития  в Узбекистане.
Problem for an ordinary differential equation with a general boundary condition
Authors:   Institute of Applied Mathematics and Automation KBSC RAS, Gadzova L.Kh.
Published: August 2021

For an ordinary differential equation of fractional order with a general boundary condition, a general representation of the solution of the equation is found, a condition of unique solvability is found, and an explicit representation of the solution is constructed.
SOSYAL BECERİDE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET ROLLERİ VE CİNSİYET FARKLILIKLARI
Authors: TEMELLİ Ecenur , MURAT BÜYÜK Dilara , TATAR Arkun
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada yetişkin bireylerin sahip olduğu cinsiyet rollerine bağlı olarak sosyal beceri düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Bem Cinsiyet Rolü Envanteri’yle belirlenen cinsiyet rol gruplarının sosyal beceri düzeyi açısından karşılaştırılması planlanmıştır. Çalışmaya 19-59 yaşları arasında (ort. = 27,92 ± 8,98 yıl) 137 kadın (% 59,3) ve 94 erkek (% 40,7) olmak üzere toplam 231 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcılara Bem Cinsiyet Rolü Envanteri ve A Sosyal Beceri Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre Bem Cinsiyet Rolü Envanteri ile oluşturulan cinsiyet rolü grupların sosyal beceri düzeyleri arasında farklılık vardır. Belirsiz grubunun sosyal beceri toplam puan ortalaması diğer gruplardan belirgin düzeyde düşüktür. Kişilerin kendi belirtikleri biyolojik cinsiyetlerine ilişkin grupların sosyal beceri düzeyleri arasında da farklılık vardır. Kadın grubunun sosyal beceri düzeyi erkek grubunun sosyal beceri düzeyinden yüksektir. Ayrıca, biyolojik cinsiyet grupları ile toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri grupları arasında A Sosyal Beceri Ölçeği puanı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkileşim görülmemiştir.
Innovation Approach -Preparation of Lemon Wood Charcoal Finishing with Natural Materials
Authors: Devi Ms. M. Malini , Sumithra Dr. M.
Published: August 2021

Charcoal are of natural origin has anti-odour properties by controlling the metabolism of odour causing bacteria and fungi. In the present study, charcoal prepared from natural sources are finished on to natural cotton and bamboo fabrics with the aim of developing anti-odour fabrics. Finished fabrics were subjected to anti-odour testing using modified artificial sweat studies against the test bacterial specimens (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus). The infection associated with odour causing organisms were considered significant and hence the antibacterial and antifungal activity was tested using standard EN ISO 20645 test method and AATCC-30 test method respectively. No fungal organism was recorded for all the test specimens finished with lemon charcoal finished fabrics. Antibacterial and antifungal activity test also revealed the efficacy of charcoal finished fabrics in terms of inhibitory zones against the test organisms. This study would be considered highly significant by providing an eco-friendly and sustainable products for different fields of applications by developing charcoal from waste recycle process.
Old English Ecotheology
Authors: Barajas Courtney
Published: August 2021

Old English Ecotheology examines the impact of environmental crises on early medieval English theology and poetry. Like their modern counterparts, theologians at the turn of the first millennium understood the interconnectedness of the Earth community, and affirmed the independent subjectivity of other-than-humans. The author argues for the existence of a specific Old English ecotheology, and demonstrates the influence of that theology on contemporaneous poetry. Taking the Exeter Book as a microcosm of the poetic corpus, she explores the impact of early medieval apocalypticism and environmental anxiety on Old English wisdom poems, riddles, elegies, and saints' lives.
Old English Ecotheology
Authors: Barajas Courtney Catherine
Published: August 2021

The work of Ælfric and Wulfstan, produced in the shadow of the first
millennium, in many ways anticipates the modern field of ecotheology,
born in the years preceding the second. Like their modern counterparts,
Ælfric and Wulfstan affirmed the interconnectedness of human and
other-than-human beings as members of an increasingly fragile Earth
community. They affirmed the intrinsic worth of the other-than-human,
and the ability of the Earth community to cry against injustice and resist
human domination. Crucially, Ælfric and Wulfstan also explicitly condemn
humanity’s failure to be faithful custodians of creation. Reading the
medieval texts against the modern demonstrates the existence of an Old
English ecotheology which anticipates many of the questions raised by
the current climate crisis.
Tuatha Dé and Fomoiri in Cath Maige Tuired
Authors: Gray Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2021

In Cath Maige Tuired the Tuatha Dé (‘the peoples of the gods’) gain lasting
peace in defeating an invasion by the Fomoiri, partly characterized
by Ireland’s viking experiences. The enemies are, however, relatives.
This study examines the tale’s portrayal of relationships of kinship and
hostility that link Tuatha Dé and Fomoiri, selectively noting cultural
contrasts between the two societies. Special attention is paid to apparent
contradictions or disjunctions in the unfolding narrative, particularly
in regard to the characterization of Elatha, king of the Fomoiri, father
of the major Tuatha Dé leaders the Dagda and Ogma as well as of the
half-Fomorian Bres, whose deposition from the Tuatha Dé kingship brings
about the conflict.