bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coral reef fish resilience and recovery following major environmental disturbances caused by cyclones and coral bleaching: A case study at Lizard Island
Authors: Lévy Simon A. , Pessina Letizia , Bshary Redouan , Triki Zegni
Published: January 2024

Coral reef fish communities can be affected by natural disturbances such as cyclones and coral bleaching. It is not yet understood how long it takes these communities to recover from such extreme events, particularly when they occur repeatedly. To investigate this, we conducted fish surveys repeatedly between 2011 and 2022 at Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. We focused on two reef sites, Mermaid Cove and Northern Horseshoe, both of which were damaged by a large-scale coral bleaching event in 2016 and 2017, as well as two cyclones that occurred in 2014 and 2015 (the cyclones hit Mermaid Cove but not Northern Horseshoe). Between 2016 and 2017, both reef sites saw a decrease in the total fish abundance of about 68 % and across most functional groups (carnivores, corallivores, herbivores, and omnivores). Despite the two sites showing different decline and recovery patterns, they both showed an improvement in fish abundance and across the majority of functional groups at both sites by 2022. The recovery reached similar numbers as those documented in the fish census data collected before the disturbances occurred. Our findings provide a case study highlighting how fish community resilience can vary on small local scales, with potential recovery if conditions are favourable over several years.
Using synchrotron high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction for the structure determination of a new cocrystal formed by two active principle ingredients
Authors: Guerain Mathieu , Correia Natalia T. , Roca-Paixão Luisa , Chevreau Hubert , Affouard Frederic
Published: January 2024

The crystal structure of a new 1:1 cocrystal of carbamazepine and S-naproxen (C15H12N2O·C14H14O3) was solved from powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The PXRD pattern was measured at the high-resolution beamline CRISTAL at synchrotron SOLEIL (France). The structure was solved using Monte Carlo simulated annealing, then refined with Rietveld refinement. The positions of the H atoms were obtained from density functional theory (DFT) ground-state calculations. The symmetry is orthorhombic with the space group P212121 (No. 19) and the following lattice parameters: a = 33.5486 (9), b = 26.4223 (6), c = 5.3651 (10) Å and V = 4755.83 (19) Å3.
(+)-Cedrol hemihydrate: a natural product derived from drying eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) wood
Authors: Chakoumakos Bryan C. , Wang Xiaoping
Published: January 2024

Cedrol-like compounds are of pharmacological interest due to their diverse range of medicinal effects and are used globally in traditional medicines and cosmetics. Many cedrol tautomers are known from molecular studies but few have been studied in crystalline form by X-ray diffraction. Acicular white crystals collected from the wood of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) are determined to be (+)-cedrol hemihydrate, namely, (1S,2R,5S,7R,8R)-2,6,6,8-tetramethyltricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecan-8-ol hemihydrate, C15H26O·0.5H2O, a novel packing of two unique cedrol molecules (Z′ = 2) with a single water molecule [space group P212121; a = 6.1956 (1), b = 14.5363 (1), and c = 30.9294 (4) Å]. The hydrogen bonding forms a one-dimensional spiral chain running along the a axis, following the chirality of the cedrol molecule, through hydrogen-bonding interactions with a right-handed helical configuration in graph-set notation Δ-C
3
3(6) > a > c > b. The crystal packing and symmetry are different from crystalline isocedrol due to the different hydrogen-bonding geometry.
Combined benefits of active and passive social media during the COVID-19 pandemic: a health perspective
Authors: So Bohee , Kwon Ki Han
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study, a narrative literature review, aims to examine the combined benefits of the active and passive use of social media (SM) for well-being (WB), physical and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

A search strategy has been carried out in the databases: Riss, PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar, including all the articles published until 19 October 2023.

Findings

SM offers various benefits, including global risk awareness, health information, social connections and support. With the natural increase in physical inactivity due to COVID-19 social restrictions, SM has been identified as an appropriate tool for promoting physical activity (PA) at home to improve health.

Research limitations/implications

It suggests that the combined use of active and passive benefits of SM could potentially play an important role in public health by increasing individuals’ health behaviours. In addition, dissemination, sharing and social interaction of information provided by YouTube can encourage healthy behaviours, contribute to WB, physical and mental health and raise public health awareness.

Originality/value

The findings presented in this study highlight the combined benefits of differentiating the features of SM use. Compared to other SM platforms, YouTube can be used as a useful tool for home-based PA that promotes health by enabling people to remain active and avoid barriers to PA due to social restrictions during the global crisis. In addition, some recommendations from the findings may help protect against potential risks and improve public health outcomes during global crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, among the general public using SM.
Is B Corp certification sufficiently attractive to emerging markets? A conceptual study of B Corps in China
Authors: Xiang Guangming , He Zheng , Feng Tianli , Feng Zhenzhen
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore how firms enter or exit B Corp certification faced with the tension between local and B Corp institutions, providing a better understanding of the unique impact of institutional complexity on B Corps' decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper applies multi-case analysis to 20 Chinese firms in various stages of B Corp certification, including eight certified B Corps, six decertified firms and six candidates. The qualitative data was used to code separately for two research questions.

Findings

The study findings reveal that: (1) Participants who can obtain expected social and economic benefits by innovating their operational mode to efficiently deal with this tension attempt to continuously pursue B Corp certification. A self-renewal model was developed to show how firms hybridize the two institutional logics; (2) Participants who find it hard to mitigate this tension tend to compromise with the local institution and conform less with the B Corp institution due to high opportunity and accounting costs, low short-term benefits and collective culture.

Originality/value

By highlighting the different responses of firms to institutional complexity, this study contributes to B Corp research, social identity theory and institutional complexity, providing practical implications for B Lab strategies in China.
Acceptance of ChatGPT by undergraduates in Sri Lanka: a hybrid approach of SEM-ANN
Authors: Sabraz Nawaz Samsudeen , Fathima Sanjeetha Mohamed Buhary , Al Murshidi Ghadah , Mohamed Riyath Mohamed Ismail , Mat Yamin Fadhilah Bt , Mohamed Rusith
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate Sri Lankan Government university students’ acceptance of Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) for educational purposes. Using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) model as the primary theoretical lens, this study incorporated personal innovativeness as both a dependent and moderating variable to understand students’ ChatGPT use behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

This quantitative study used a questionnaire survey to collect data. A total of 500 legitimate undergraduates from 17 government universities in Sri Lanka were selected for this study. Items for the variables were adopted from previously validated instruments. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 4 was used to investigate latent constructs’ relationships. Furthermore, the variables’ relative relevance was ranked using a two-stage artificial neural network analysis with the SPSS 27 application.

Findings

The results of the analysis revealed that eight of the nine proposed hypotheses were confirmed. The most significant determinants of behavioural intention were habit and performance expectancy, closely followed by hedonic motivation and perceived ease of use. Use behaviour was highly influenced by both behavioural intention and personal inventiveness. Though personal innovativeness (PI) was suggested as a moderator, the relationship was not significant.

Research limitations/implications

The research highlights the impact of habit, performance expectancy and perceived ease of use on students’ acceptance of AI applications such as ChatGPT, emphasising the need for efficient implementation techniques, individual variations in technology adoption and continuous support and training to improve students’ proficiency.

Originality/value

This study enhances the comprehension of how undergraduate students adopt ChatGPT in an educational setting. The study emphasises the significance of certain variables in the UTAUT2 model and the importance of PI in influencing the adoption of ChatGPT in educational environments.
Songs of the self: the importance of authentic leadership and core self-evaluations for LGBT managers
Authors: Fletcher Luke , Pichler Shaun , Chandrasekaran Lakshmi
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Based on authentic leadership (AL) theory and research on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) workplace experiences, this study proposes that AL explains variance beyond transformational leadership (TL) in attitudinal outcomes for LGBT managers compared to non-LGBT managers. It is further predicted that core self-evaluations (CSEs) bound relationships between AL, LGBT status and outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

A time-lagged survey of 193 LGBT and 218 non-LGBT (i.e. heterosexual and cisgender) managers was conducted. The first survey assessed respondents' evaluations of their leadership behavior and CSEs whereas the second survey, conducted one month later, assessed role engagement and career satisfaction.

Findings

Regression and moderation analyses revealed support for the hypotheses. AL seems especially relevant for LGBT leaders, particularly at low levels of CSEs.

Practical implications

Leadership development programmes emphasizing AL could be particularly beneficial for LGBT managers, especially those low in CSEs. Harnessing a leader’s sense of identity could help those who have been marginalized.

Originality/value

The current study proposes, explains and demonstrates that relationships between AL and leader outcomes will likely be different between managers with and without stigmatized identities, in this case those who are (not) LGBT.
Transgender health information: assessing the quality of online resources
Authors: Alikunju Hasbi , Sulochana Anila
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The internet has evolved into an indispensable platform for seeking health information, particularly among transgender individuals. With an abundance of online resources available, extensive research into the credibility and reliability of this information is essential, as concerns about the quality of online resources persist. Transgender individuals are drawn to online health information due to the anonymity it offers, providing them with a sense of freedom from social isolation and the discomfort of experimenting with their transgender identity. However, it is crucial to assess the accuracy and reliability of the transgender health information available on the internet. This article aims to evaluate the quality of online transgender health resources by utilizing ten credibility indicators, along with six indicators to assess the veracity of the content.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 179 online resources were meticulously reviewed after excluding any unnecessary and irrelevant ones, to ensure a comprehensive assessment.

Findings

The findings suggest that among the chosen resources, none of them meet all the criteria for maintaining high standards of accuracy and reliability in health information. In other words, none of these sources completely adhere to the established measures for ensuring that the information they provide is trustworthy and of high quality in the context of health.

Originality/value

The study provides valuable insights into the online realm of transgender health information, revealing both the strengths and weaknesses of the existing resources. By pinpointing areas that need enhancement and showcasing commendable practices, this research strives to promote a more knowledgeable and supportive online environment for individuals in search of transgender health information.
Social media use and social well-being: a systematic review and future research agenda
Authors: Murari Krishna , Shukla Shalini , Dulal Lalit
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic review of the existing literature on social media (SM) use and examine its relationship with various facets of social well-being (SWB).

Design/methodology/approach

The study identifies and selects relevant articles using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, wherein 273 articles were identified using the keyword search criteria from 5 databases namely Web of Science, Emerald, Pubmed, Google Scholar and EBSCOhost, and finally, 20 relevant studies were included for this systematic review. In order to provide directions for future research, a thorough profile with the key findings and knowledge gaps is presented.

Findings

The majority of the reviewed studies report an increase in the use of SM, especially amongst adolescents, and this suggests a seriously detrimental impact on their SWB in terms of cyberbullying, lifestyle comparison and impact on self-esteem, substance abuse, declined academic performance, fear of missing out (FoMo) and social overload. However, some of the studies reported life satisfaction, a reduction in loneliness and improved social support and belongingness, particularly those focussing on old age people who experience social isolation. The review also affirmed improved job performance and employees’ well-being. These findings vary across various demographic variables and various SM platforms namely Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, WhatsApp, WeChat, YouTube, etc.

Originality/value

The findings have significant implications for SM researchers, family members and educators concerning promoting appropriate SM use, especially in terms of their SWB. The study also provides various suggestions for future studies and the need to further explore the topic as the field of SM use and SWB is ever-growing.
Performance assessment of residential building renovation: a scientometric analysis and qualitative review of literature
Authors: Chen Wanlin , Lai Joseph
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Proper performance assessment of residential building renovation is crucial to sustainable urban development. However, a comprehensive review of the literature in this research domain is lacking. This study aims to uncover the study trend, research hotspots, prominent contributors, research gaps and directions in this field.

Design/methodology/approach

With a hybrid review approach adopted, relevant literature was examined in three stages. In Stage 1, literature retrieved from Scopus was screened for their relevance to the study topic. In Stage 2, bibliographic data of the shortlisted literature underwent scientometric analyses by the VOSviewer software. Finally, an in-depth qualitative review was made on the key literature.

Findings

The research hotspots in performance assessment of residential building renovation were found: energy efficiency, sustainability, thermal comfort and life cycle assessment. After the qualitative review, the following research gaps and future directions were unveiled: (1) assessments of retrofits incorporating renewable energy and energy storage systems; (2) evaluation of policy options and financial incentives to overcome financial constraints; (3) establishment of reliable embodied energy and carbon datasets; (4) indoor environment assessment concerning requirements of COVID-19 prevention and involvement of water quality, acoustic insulation and daylighting indicators; and (5) holistic decision-making model concerning residents' intentions and safety, health, well-being and social indicators.

Originality/value

Pioneered in providing the first comprehensive picture of the assessment studies on residential building renovations, this study contributes to offering directions for future studies and insights conducive to making rational decisions for residential building renovations.
Stakeholder experiences of deprescribing psychotropic medicines for challenging behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Adams Danielle , Hastings Richard P. , Maidment Ian , Shah Chetan , Langdon Peter E.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Evidence of overprescribing of psychotropic medicines to manage challenging behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities has led to national programmes within the UK to promote deprescribing, such as stopping the overprescribing of medication in people (with learning disabilities, autism or both). To successfully implement deprescribing initiatives, we need to understand how to engage stakeholders in the process.

Design/methodology/approach

In a published systematic review, we reported evidence about the process of deprescribing psychotropic medicines for people of all ages with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour. As a part of the original review, we searched for evidence about stakeholders’ experiences of the psychotropic deprescribing process, which was synthesised and reported within the current study.

Findings

Six studies were identified. Involving carers and people with intellectual disabilities, providing ongoing support and improving access to non-pharmacological interventions, including positive behaviour support, may contribute to successful outcomes, including reducing or stopping psychotropic medicines and improving quality of life. Implementing psychotropic deprescribing requires a multidisciplinary collaborative care approach and education for stakeholders.

Originality/value

There have been no previous reviews of stakeholder experiences of deprescribing psychotropic medications for people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour. The existing literature is scant, and further research is needed.
Actual and perceived gaps in the supply and demand for marketing and communication services: an empirical analysis of the province of Bergamo
Authors: Cavallone Mauro , Pozzi Andrea , Wassler Philipp , Palumbo Rocco
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the supply and demand of marketing and communication consulting services and evaluate actual and perceived gaps.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses two different datasets to assess the gap. The supply database comes from desk research carried out in the province of Bergamo (n. 159 consulting agencies). The demand dates are the results of 100 structured interviews with local companies that requested marketing and communication consulting services both inside and outside the province.

Findings

Findings show that there is no significant shortage in local service supply. Nonetheless, a limited gap exists between the provision of specific services and their overall quality. Conversely, the perceived gap is wider, leading to an impression of scarce availability – a notion disproven by the analysis of the actual supply.

Practical implications

The study suggests that local agencies may overcome their “myopic” attitude and need to increase their visibility, competencies and expertise by investing in these areas and improving networking.

Originality/value

There are no previous studies that compare the supply and demand for marketing and communication consulting services. The paper also provides insights into actual and perceived gaps in a hypercompetitive environment.
Dance religious convers(at)ions: post‐exotic ethnography of the circulation of sabar and Baye Fall aesthetics in France and Switzerland
Authors: Aterianus‐Owanga Alice
Published: January 2024

This article draws on an ethnography of the transmission of Senegalese sabar dancing in France and Switzerland to discuss how the religious pathways of sabar enthusiasts bear witness to many modes of adoption or rejection of Mouride and Baye Fall aesthetics. I focus on several portraits of students in order to highlight three modalities of the relationship with Baye Fall aesthetics, faith, and religious knowledge, ranging from the dissociation between dance and religious meaning to conversion and immersion into Baye Fallism. I defend the importance of elaborating post‐exotic anthropological tools – such as the ideas of ethnophilia or religious conversations – in order to grasp the nexus of affects, embodied experiences, and intimate relationships that are conducive to and mediate the religious pathways of sabar enthusiasts.
Family background consistently affects economic success across the life cycle: A research note on how brother correlations overlap over the life course
Authors: Karlson Kristian Bernt
Published: January 2024

Scholars of social mobility increasingly study the role of family background in shaping attainment throughout the entire life course. However, research has yet to establish whether the family characteristics influencing early career attainment are the same as those influencing late career attainment. In this research note, I apply an extended sibling correlation approach to analyze brothers’ life cycle earnings and family income, using data from the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. My analysis reveals a near‐perfect correlation in the family characteristics that affect attainment at early, mid, and late career stages. This finding has significant implications for how mobility scholars conceptualize the impact of family background across a career. It suggests that family background forms a single, consistent dimension in determining attainment throughout the life course. Further analysis also indicates that the imperfect relationship between current and lifetime income is exclusively driven by within‐family processes.
The looming demographic cliff: A wake‐up call for the agricultural and applied economics profession
Authors: Nayga Rodolfo M. , Liu Jianhui , Kassas Bachir
Published: January 2024

The looming demographic cliff, characterized by a projected decline in college student enrollment, can have important impacts for the agricultural and applied economics profession, academic departments, and universities more broadly across the US. This decline will not only affect the financial stability and sustainability of many agricultural economics departments but also the number of high‐skilled professionals available for the agricultural industry, government bodies, and academia. This article discusses the main factors leading to the demographic cliff, as well as potential strategies for curbing its negative impacts on the profession. In the face of this challenge, it is important to develop a thoughtful, proactive, and strategic approach, and to engage industry, government, and academic partnerships.
Disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends of eye cancer: A global analysis of cancer registries
Authors: Huang Junjie , Chan Sze Chai , Ko Samantha , Lok Veeleah , Zhang Lin , Lin Xu , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo , Xu Wanghong , Zheng Zhi‐Jie , Elcarte Edmar , Withers Mellissa , Wong Martin C. S. ,   NCD Global Health Research Group, Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU)
Published: January 2024

Background

This study aims to investigate the global disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends of eye cancer by sex and age group.

Methods

Databases including Cancer Incidence in Five Continents volumes I–XI, the Nordic Cancer Registries, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the WHO IARC mortality database were accessed to extract incidence and mortality data. Joinpoint regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the Average Annual Percentage Change of the incidence and mortality.

Results

The age‐standardised rates of eye cancer incidence and mortality were 0.49 and 0.08 globally in 2020. Higher incidence rates were observed in Sub‐Saharan Africa (ASR = 4.06), Western Europe (ASR = 0.89), and Northern Europe (ASR = 0.84), but higher mortality was observed only in Sub‐Saharan Africa (ASR = 1.59). Lower HDI, higher prevalence of UV exposure and lower prevalence of several lifestyle habits and metabolic syndromes were associated with higher incidence and mortality. There was an overall stable incidence trend and a decreasing mortality trend. Notably, all countries reporting decreasing trend in mortality were in the Asian or European region.

Conclusions

Although higher incidence was observed in both African and European regions, only the Sub‐Saharan Africa region reported high mortality, indicating inequity in the access of healthcare and treatment resource. Higher prevalence of UV exposure was associated with both higher incidence and mortality. Education should be provided to increase the awareness of eye protection. An overall declining mortality trend was found, but it was limited to only Asian and European countries.
How did COVID‐19 restrictions impact alcohol consumption in Australia? A longitudinal study
Authors: Mojica‐Perez Yvette , Livingston Michael , Pennay Amy , Callinan Sarah
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The state of Victoria experienced more stringent public health measures than other Australian states during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study investigated how these public health measures impacted: (i) total alcohol consumption; (ii) location‐specific consumption; and (iii) consumption among different pre‐pandemic drinking groups, in Victoria compared to the rest of Australia during the first year of the pandemic.

Method

A longitudinal study with six survey waves was conducted between April and December 2020. A total of 775 adults completed data on alcohol use, including detailed consumption location information. Based on their 2019 consumption, participants were classified into low, moderate or high‐risk groups. Data were analysed descriptively.

Results

There was no difference in total alcohol consumption from 2019 levels among Victorians and those from the other Australian states when Victoria was the only state in lockdown. Location‐specific consumption was relatively similar for Victoria and the rest of Australia, with an increase in home drinking, and a decrease in consumption in someone else's home, licensed premises and public spaces during lockdown compared with 2019. Participants in the high‐risk group reported a reduction of two standard drinks per day in November 2020 compared with 2019. In contrast, consumption remained relatively stable for participants in the low and moderate‐risk groups once accounting for regression to the mean.

Discussion and Conclusion

Contrary to expectations, restrictions on licensed premises appeared to impact high‐risk drinkers more than low and moderate‐risk drinkers. Reducing availability of on‐premise alcohol may be an effective way to reduce consumption in heavier drinkers.
Low‐dose sugammadex reverses moderate rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular block in horses
Authors: Martin‐Flores Manuel , Sakai Daniel M. , Araos Joaquin , Campoy Luis
Published: January 2024

Background

Neuromuscular block (NMB) during general anaesthesia has an implicit risk of inadvertent residual NMB during recovery. Reversal of NMB is commonly encouraged to decrease this risk, and has historically been performed with neostigmine/atropine, two agents with important cardiac and gastrointestinal side effects. Sugammadex is a new selective relaxant binding agent that can reverse rocuronium‐induced NMB efficiently and without these complications. Recommended doses are possibly cost‐prohibitive.

Objectives

To measure the recovery time from rocuronium‐NMB after administration of low‐dose sugammadex, compared with spontaneous recovery.

Study design

Nonrandomised in vivo experiments.

Methods

Fourteen adult horses undergoing different research procedures were anaesthetised with detomidine and isoflurane. All horses received NMB with rocuronium 0.3 mg/kg IV. Neuromuscular function was measured with acceleromyographic train‐of‐four (TOF) ratio. Recovery occurred spontaneously in five horses weighing (median [range]) 548 (413–594) kg and was enhanced with sugammadex 200 mg (total dose) in nine horses (433 [362–515]) kg. Recovery time from moderate NMB to a TOF ratio 1.0, and total duration of NMB were compared between groups. Cases of recurarisation (decrease in the TOF ratio <0.9 after recovery) were identified within 30 min after sugammadex.

Results

The dose of sugammadex was 0.46 (0.39–0.55) mg/kg. The recovery period lasted 21 (17–39) minutes for spontaneous and 4 (3–7) minutes for sugammadex. Total duration of NMB was 58 (41–70) minutes for spontaneous and 36 (21–43) for sugammadex (both p ≤ 0.003). There were no instances of recurarisation.

Main limitations

Small sample size.

Conclusions

A dose of sugammadex of approximately 0.5 mg/kg substantially shortened the recovery period from rocuronium‐induced NMB from a median of 21 to 4 min, when given at a moderate depth of NMB. No recurarisation was observed within the next 30 min.
Sex‐specific microvascular and hemodynamic responses to passive limb heating in young adults
Authors: Traylor Miranda K. , Batman Genevieve B. , Sears Kylie N. , Ransom Kyndall V. , Hammer Shane M. , Keller Joshua L.
Published: January 2024

Objective

We examined sex‐specific microvascular reactivity and hemodynamic responses under conditions of augmented resting blood flow induced by passive heating compared to normal blood flow.

Methods

Thirty‐eight adults (19 females) completed a vascular occlusion test (VOT) on two occasions preceded by rest with or without passive heating in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Skeletal muscle tissue oxygenation (StO2, %) was assessed with near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and the rate of desaturation and resaturation as well as maximal StO2 (StO2max) and prolonged hypersaturation (area under the curve, StO2AUC) were quantified. Before the VOT, brachial artery blood flow (BABF), vascular conductance, and relative BABF (BABF normalized to forearm lean mass) were determined. Sex × condition ANOVAs were used. A p‐value ≤.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Twenty minutes of heating increased BABF compared to the control (102.9 ± 28.3 vs. 36.0 ± 20.9 mL min−1; p < .01). Males demonstrated greater BABF than females (91.9 ± 34.0 vs. 47.0 ± 19.1 mL min−1; p < .01). There was no sex difference in normalized BABF. There were no significant interactions for NIRS‐VOT outcomes, but heat did increase the rate of desaturation (−0.140 ± 0.02 vs. −0.119 ± 0.03% s−1; p < .01), whereas regardless of condition, males exhibited greater rates of resaturation and StO2max than females.

Conclusions

These results suggest that blood flow is not the primary factor causing sex differences in NIRS‐VOT outcomes.
Rice leaf disease detection based on enhanced feature fusion and target adaptation
Authors: Li Zhaoxing , Yang Kai , Ye Wei , Wang Jiaoyu , Qiu Haiping , Wang Hongkai , Xu Zhengguo , Xie Dejin
Published: January 2024

Intelligent rice disease recognition methods based on deep neural networks can predict the degree of disease on the basis of, for example, the number of disease spots on an image, so that preventive measures can be taken. Currently, intelligent recognition methods for rice diseases suffer from the disadvantages of poor versatility and low accuracy. This paper uses eight common image classification networks to classify and identify four rice diseases. ResNet50 was selected as the feature extraction network and an enhanced feature fusion and target adaptive network (EFFTAN), referred to as EFFTAN, is proposed. The EFFTAN was used to detect four rice spot diseases in the rice leaf disease image samples dataset; the mean average precision of the final detection was 95.3%, and effective detection was also achieved for the dense spot features.
Ploidy‐specific transcriptomes shed light on the heterogeneous identity and metabolism of developing tomato pericarp cells
Authors: Tourdot Edouard , Martin Pascal G. P. , Maza Elie , Mauxion Jean‐Philippe , Djari Anis , Gévaudant Frédéric , Chevalier Christian , Pirrello Julien , Gonzalez Nathalie
Published: January 2024

Endoreduplication, during which cells increase their DNA content through successive rounds of full genome replication without cell division, is the major source of endopolyploidy in higher plants. Endoreduplication plays pivotal roles in plant growth and development and is associated with the activation of specific transcriptional programmes that are characteristic of each cell type, thereby defining their identity. In plants, endoreduplication is found in numerous organs and cell types, especially in agronomically valuable ones, such as the fleshy fruit (pericarp) of tomato presenting high ploidy levels. We used the tomato pericarp tissue as a model system to explore the transcriptomes associated with endoreduplication progression during fruit growth. We confirmed that expression globally scales with ploidy level and identified sets of differentially expressed genes presenting only developmental‐specific, only ploidy‐specific expression patterns or profiles resulting from an additive effect of ploidy and development. When comparing ploidy levels at a specific developmental stage, we found that non‐endoreduplicated cells are defined by cell division state and cuticle synthesis while endoreduplicated cells are mainly defined by their metabolic activity changing rapidly over time. By combining this dataset with publicly available spatiotemporal pericarp expression data, we proposed a map describing the distribution of ploidy levels within the pericarp. These transcriptome‐based predictions were validated by quantifying ploidy levels within the pericarp tissue. This in situ ploidy quantification revealed the dynamic progression of endoreduplication and its cell layer specificity during early fruit development. In summary, the study sheds light on the complex relationship between endoreduplication, cell differentiation and gene expression patterns in the tomato pericarp.
Integrated multi‐omics and genetic analyses reveal molecular determinants underlying Arabidopsis snap33 mutant phenotype
Authors: Henchiri Houda , Rayapuram Naganand , Alhoraibi Hanna M. , Caïus José , Paysant‐Le Roux Christine , Citerne Sylvie , Hirt Heribert , Colcombet Jean , Sturbois Bénédicte , Bigeard Jean
Published: January 2024

The secretory pathway is essential for plant immunity, delivering diverse antimicrobial molecules into the extracellular space. Arabidopsis thaliana soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive‐factor attachment protein receptor SNAP33 is a key actor of this process. The snap33 mutant displays dwarfism and necrotic lesions, however the molecular determinants of its macroscopic phenotypes remain elusive. Here, we isolated several new snap33 mutants that exhibited constitutive cell death and H2O2 accumulation, further defining snap33 as an autoimmune mutant. We then carried out quantitative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showing that numerous defense transcripts and proteins were up‐regulated in the snap33 mutant, among which genes/proteins involved in defense hormone, pattern‐triggered immunity, and nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich‐repeat receptor signaling. qRT‐PCR analyses and hormone dosages supported these results. Furthermore, genetic analyses elucidated the diverse contributions of the main defense hormones and some nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich‐repeat receptor signaling actors in the establishment of the snap33 phenotype, emphasizing the preponderant role of salicylic acid over other defense phytohormones. Moreover, the accumulation of pattern‐triggered immunity and nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich‐repeat receptor signaling proteins in the snap33 mutant was confirmed by immunoblotting analyses and further shown to be salicylic acid‐dependent. Collectively, this study unveiled molecular determinants underlying the Arabidopsis snap33 mutant phenotype and brought new insights into autoimmunity signaling.
RETRACTED: The plant is neither dumb nor deaf; it talks and hears
Authors: El‐Sappah Ahmed H. , Yan Kuan , Li Jia
Published: January 2024

Animals and insects communicate using vibrations that are frequently too low or too high for human ears to detect. Plants and trees can communicate and sense sound. Khait et al. used a dependable recording system to capture airborne sounds produced by stressed plants. In addition to allowing plants to communicate their stress, sound aids in plant defense, development, and resilience. It also serves as a warning that danger is approaching. Demey et al. and others discussed the audit examinations that were conducted to investigate sound discernment in plants at the atomic and biological levels. The biological significance of sound in plants, the morphophysiological response of plants to sound, and the airborne noises that plants make and can hear from a few meters away were all discussed.
Energy Expenditure of Elite Male and Female Professional Tennis Players During Habitual Training
Authors: Ellis Daniel G. , Morton James P. , Close Graeme L. , Donovan Tim F.
Published: January 2024

Understanding the daily energy expenditure of athletes during training is important to support recovery, adaptation, and the maintenance of performance. The aim of the current research was to assess the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and the acute energy expenditure (EE) of tennis training sessions during habitual training of elite tennis players. Using a cohort study design, 27 (n = 10, male; age; 22.3 ± 3.2 years and n = 17, female; age: 23.8 ± 3.5 years) elite singles tennis players were assessed for TDEE and tennis training EE. Using Actiheart activity monitors during a 2- to 5-day training period, male players were analyzed for 26 days and 33 (1.3 ± 0.5 sessions/day) tennis training sessions, and female players for 43 days and 58 (1.2 ± 0.4 sessions/day) tennis training sessions. Male TDEE (4,708 ± 583 kcal/day) was significantly higher than female (3,639 ± 305 kcal/day). Male absolute and relative tennis training EEs (10.2 ± 2.3 kcal/min and 7.9 ± 1.4 kcal·hr−1·kg−1) were significantly higher than those of females (7.6 ± 1.0 kcal/min and 6.8 ± 0.9 kcal·hr−1·kg−1). The resting metabolic rate was assessed via indirect calorimetry. The physical activity level for both groups was 2.3 AU. The TDEE of male and female players during habitual training now highlights the continual cycle of high energy demands experienced by the elite tennis player. The broad ranges of TDEE and EE reported here suggest individual assessment and nutritional planning be prioritized, with a particular focus on carbohydrate requirements.
Effects of Load and Focus of Attention on Mechanical Parameters During Bench-Press Throw in Resistance-Trained Men
Authors: Prieske Olaf , Andersen Vidar , Moberg Johansen Tom A. , Saeterbakken Atle H.
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Power output is dependent on the load used during exercise such as bench-press throw (BPT). Attentional focus (external [EXT] vs internal [INT]) during exercise significantly modulates power performance. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of load and attentional focus on mechanical parameters during BPT. Methods: In a crossover study, 31 resistance-trained men (mean age 23.5 [3.0] y) performed BPT at 30% (light), 50% (moderate), and 70% (heavy) of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) using an INT or EXT focus of attention in randomized order. A linear encoder was used to identify barbell vertical displacement, throw time, peak/average velocity, force, and power during the concentric lifting phase. Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant load × focus interaction effects for velocity and vertical displacement (P ≤ .045; 0.66 ≤ d ≤ 0.89). Post hoc analyses indicated significantly larger velocities and displacements at 30% and 70% of 1-RM in favor of EXT (P ≤ .038; 0.79 ≤ d ≤ 1.13) but similar values at 50% of 1-RM (P > .05). Furthermore, significant main effects of load were found for throw time, force, and power (P < .001; 4.20 ≤ d ≤ 14.0). While time and force gradually increased with higher loads (P < .001; 1.45 ≤ d ≤ 14.0), power output was larger at 50% compared with 30% and 70% 1-RM (P < .001; 3.09 ≤ d ≤ 7.07), irrespective of attentional focus. Conclusions: The present findings indicated that practitioners may use EXT over INT attentional focus to enhance velocity and vertical displacement during BPT at light and heavy loads (ie, 30% and 70% 1-RM). At moderate loads (ie, 50% 1-RM), mechanical bench-press parameters appear to be less affected by attentional focus.
Physical Activity Inclusion in Dementia-Friendly Communities: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Hadley Rebecca , Mathie Elspeth , Pike Elizabeth , Goodman Claire
Published: January 2024

Dementia-friendly communities (DFCs) are a policy-endorsed approach to community engagement in England that promotes social inclusion to enable people affected by dementia to live well. Research suggests that physical activity is beneficial in encouraging social connection and improving health. A mixed method sequential study design in England involving a national survey (n = 31) and semistructured interviews (n = 65) in three DFCs was carried out. The aim was to understand how DFCs enable people affected by dementia to participate in physical activities. An evaluation framework for DFCs was used to organize and interpret the data, and analysis was informed by the inclusive (social) citizen lens. Findings showed that DFCs offered a range of adapted dementia-inclusive and dementia-specific activities; however, people were not routinely offered information at time of diagnosis. Local authorities (councils) were key to enable access to information and infrastructure change to support sustainable inclusion within their local community.
Motivations, Barriers, and Supports: An Examination of the Experiences of Women of Color Recreational Sport Coaches
Authors: Legg Eric , Varney Rebecca
Published: January 2024

Coaches play an instrumental role in the experiences of youth sport participants. Though girls participate in youth sport at similar rates as boys, coaching positions continue to be dominated by men. Existing research supports the value of diverse role models, especially for culturally diverse youth, and women coaches of color are especially important in sport given the low participation rates of ethnocultural minorities. Given the importance of diverse role models as sport coaches, this study investigates the experiences of women of color who coach sport at the recreational level. Based on interviews with 14 individuals, and grounded in socioecological theory, our findings describe the experience of research participants at each level (individual, interpersonal, organizational, and sociocultural) with a focus on the entry experience, barriers, and supports. Findings suggest that gendered and racial norms influence experiences across the model, and further lead to practical implications for sport managers.
Ripples in the Water: Physical Education Teacher Education Program Influence on Graduates’ Perceptions of Expanded Physical Activity Programming
Authors: Mulhearn Shannon C. , Kulinna Pamela Hodges , van der Mars Hans , McMullen Jaimie , Stylianou Michalis
Published: January 2024

Physical educators are often asked to promote whole-school physical activity programming beyond their scheduled class times. Previous research has supported that training in expanded roles would be beneficial during university-based physical education teacher education (PETE) training. In this qualitative study, 13 graduates from a single PETE program that has integrated expanded physical activity into programming shared information about their current programming as physical education teachers in K–12 schools. Campus visits and one-on-one interviews were included. Some practices and values learned during participants’ PETE training were evident in graduates’ current practices. Aligning with previous studies of professional socialization of physical educators, the resulting themes concluded that (a) strategies and resources gained during PETE training were valued and still used and (b) other ripples of influence, such as administrators and other teachers at their current placement, influenced programming. PETE programming with whole-school physical activity can lead to expanded teaching practices in schools.
The Potential of Sport Education to Satisfy the Basic Psychological Needs of Children From Socially Vulnerable Backgrounds
Authors: Simón-Piqueras Juan Á. , González-Cutre David , García López Luis M.
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine whether, drawing on the perception of their coaches, the application of the pedagogical model of sport education could be associated with satisfying the basic psychological needs of children from socially vulnerable backgrounds. Method: A 36-session sport education season was implemented within a community program for youths from disadvantaged environments. Three coaches, one researcher, and 31 children aged 9–11 years (17 boys and 14 girls) of diverse ethnicities participated. Qualitative data were obtained through four focus groups conducted during the program in addition to the research diary of the researcher, who played the role of participant observer. Results: The coaches observed a progressive evolution in the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of competence, autonomy, relatedness, and the need referred to as novelty. Discussion/Conclusion: We may conclude that sport education can be a valuable tool to improve the satisfaction of these needs in children from socially vulnerable backgrounds.
Physical Activity, but Not Body Mass Index Is Associated With Blood Pressure in Young Children
Authors: DuBose Katrina D. , Beaman Kathryn , Habeeb Christine , Dlugonski Deirdre
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This study examined associations between physical activity (PA) and obesity with blood pressure (BP) in young children. Furthermore, a possible moderating effect of obesity status was examined. Methods: A cross-sectional study was completed with 121 children (3.96 [1.14] y). BP, weight, and height were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Z scores were calculated for BMI, systolic, and diastolic values. Accelerometry measured time spent in PA intensities. Correlations and regressions examined relationships among PA intensities, BMI z scores, and BP z scores and to determine if obesity status moderated these relationships. Results: On average, the children spent 52 minutes per day in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, 31% were considered overweight/obese, and 15% were considered hypertensive. After adjusting for confounders, participation in moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was related with lower systolic and diastolic BP z scores (P < .05). BMI z score was not related to BP values. Obesity status did not moderate the relationships between time spent in PA and BP. Conclusions: Participation in PA, but not obesity, was related to lower BP levels in young children. The impact PA has on BP is the same regardless of obesity status. Thus, young children should be encouraged to be active in different intensities to benefit the cardiovascular system.