bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical microbiological diagnosis of sports-accidental infections: promoting global peace, quality health, and entrepreneurship; through One Health approach
Authors: Niriwa Pulle Benjamin , Anthony Azongo Mark , Korankye Kofi , Dumba James , Ampofo Deborah , Saka Allotey Solomon , Gyamea Helina , Kissiwah Asafo Mabel , Alorvi Semefa , Kwame Nyinaku Elorm , Asare-Kyei Benjamin , M. Ibrahim Mohammed , Agongo Azure Simon , Tabiri Joseph , Jonas Doogu
Published: October 2024

Most diseases acquired from sporting activities are accidental and often influenced by environmental factors. Neglecting the environment in disease prevention is counterproductive. This was evident during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic when many sporting activities were halted. Medical laboratory diagnostics, particularly microbiological techniques, detect infectious agents and help contain diseases, thereby fostering a healthy environment for entrepreneurship. Using a One Health approach, this review highlights the dual role of sporting activities in promoting healthy living and facilitating the spread of pathogens. Although sports are widely recognized for enhancing health, the link between microbiology and sports, and their combined roles in promoting global peace, quality health, and entrepreneurship, is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, the main objective of this review is to examine the relationship between sports-accidental infections and their impact on global peace, health, and entrepreneurship. This review employs a combination of life experiences, observations, and literature analysis, drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data. The findings reveal various types of sports-accidental infections, including gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, blood-borne, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative infections. The results indicate that microbial infections significantly impair athletic performance, often necessitating a “return-to-sport” strategy, where athletes must fully recover before resuming sports activities. Sports-accidental infections are also associated with sudden deaths among athletes on the field, negatively affecting health, peace, and entrepreneurship. Microbiology plays a significant role in diagnosing, treating, and managing sports-accidental infections. Through medical laboratory diagnostics, such as microbiological investigations, many pandemics, including COVID-19, have been contained. Identifying infectious agents enables effective preventive measures, helping restore peace and health, and supporting economic activities. The review offers eight recommendations that aim to foster a safer, healthier, and more resilient sports environment, benefitting individual athletes and promoting broader societal goals of health, peace, and economic growth.
Short-term cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide versus empagliflozin, sitagliptin, and liraglutide in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes in Greece
Authors: Papantoniou Panagiotis , Papageorgiou Anastasia
Published: October 2024

Diabetes is a significant global health concern, affecting more than 540 million people worldwide and imposing a substantial financial burden on health systems and societies. This study evaluates the cost per patient of achieving treatment targets with oral semaglutide compared to empagliflozin, sitagliptin, and liraglutide in patients with Type 2 diabetes in Greece. The analysis focuses on seven outcomes, including hemoglobin A1C levels, avoidance of hypoglycemia, and weight loss, with costs calculated in 2024 EUR, excluding patient copayments. The annual treatment costs were EUR 1,210.04 for oral semaglutide, EUR 528.04 for empagliflozin, EUR 260.51 for sitagliptin, and EUR 1,542.87 for liraglutide. Although a higher proportion of patients achieved treatment goals with oral semaglutide, it was associated with a higher cost of control across most outcomes compared to empagliflozin (mean probabilistic sensitivity analysis [PSA] difference: EUR 839.45) and sitagliptin (mean PSA difference: EUR 1,041.50). In contrast, oral semaglutide demonstrated a consistently lower cost of control compared to liraglutide across all treatment targets (mean PSA difference: EUR −3,779.23). This analysis confirms that the cost of control of oral semaglutide varies significantly depending on the treatment target, suggesting that, without changes in its list or net price, it may not be the most cost-effective option compared to empagliflozin and sitagliptin in Greece.
Helicobacter pylori: A Cause of peptic ulcer disease among Adolescent Girls in Africa
Authors: Zulfiqar Komal , Qadri Maria , Ali Sulafa Rasheed Ahmed , Oduoye Malik Olatunde
Published: October 2024

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a major global health concern that often results in hospitalization due to insufficient protective factors in the mucosa. Helicobacter pylori contributes to PUD development, causing symptoms such as epigastric pain, bloating, fullness, and nausea. An extensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar to identify articles published between 2013 and 2024. Relevant cross-sectional studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, literature reviews, and case reports were included in the analysis, whereas editorials, perspectives, and commentaries were excluded from the study. Overall, 20% of teenagers and 45% of individuals aged >45 years were infected with H. pylori, indicating that transmission can occur at any age during childhood and adolescence. Moreover, 8.4% of adolescents aged 10 – 19 years and 64.6% of those aged <18 years tested positive for H. pylori. This bacterium can spread through familial transmission and exposure to oral or fecal matter. Large households and bedroom sharing were associated with H. pylori infection, and adolescents from rural areas showed a higher infection rate than those from urban areas. Improving personal hygiene and implementing educational initiatives within families are key to curbing the spread of H. pylori infection in Africa. Prioritizing hygiene and social improvements in national and subnational strategies can considerably reduce infection rates. Adopting a whole family-based approach and allocating funds for relevant projects can benefit families and children across the continent. Moreover, prompt implementation of interventions to combat H. pylori infection among African adolescents is essential. Promoting cleanliness and raising awareness are key strategies to ensure long-term health among the African youth.
Is vagus nerve-mediated regulation of immunity an etiological target for therapeutic intervention in endometriosis?
Authors: Rangon Claire-Marie , Li Shaoyuan , Staats Peter S. , Boluda-Nicola Alba , Bouaziz Jérôme
Published: October 2024

Endometriosis is a complex chronic neuro-inflammatory disorder, affecting roughly 10% of reproductive-age women. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, which induces a chronic inflammatory reaction. This disease can present a wide range of symptoms, including chronic pain and infertility. Despite extensive research, the exact pathogenesis of endometriosis remains incompletely understood. New strategies and paradigms on pathogenesis and treatment are needed. Schematic factors contributing to the development of endometriosis lesions include genetic, hormonal, and immunological factors. Although genetics may contribute to the epidemiologically suggested heritability of endometriosis, epigenetics has gained an increasing consideration in research. Remarkably, microbiota dysbiosis, acting as a catalyst for the main acknowledged epigenetic etiologies (locally produced estradiol, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and hypoxic stress) demands further attention. Indeed, over the past 10 years, it has become clear that the vagus nerve, the fastest component of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, can efficiently control inflammation through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Therefore, stimulation of the vagus nerve could be a good candidate for modulating the severity of endometriosis. The detrimental consequences of microbiome dysbiosis and the estrobolome activity on the initiation of the disease as well as counterpart dysfunctions in the central nervous system will be focused on, both supporting a key role of the vagus nerve since the early stage of endometriosis. Consequently, the rationale for using non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation will be discussed, introducing a fruitful shift of paradigm in this still enigmatic disease.
Exploration of support plans through analysis of the operation of the joint curriculum of the vocational high school credit system
Authors: Byun Sookyoung , Kim Ho-Jhin
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore support measures based on the current status and needs of the joint curriculum of the vocational high school credit system in order to overcome the limitations of the curriculum operation of uniform and rigid schools. The results of the survey for 142 vocational high school teachers who operated the “joint Curriculum” in 2023 were used to analyze the actual condition of the “joint Curriculum Operation” of vocational high schools. As a result of the study, it suggested that the government prepare guidelines for the operation of the joint curriculum for vocational high schools, prepare a support system for the smooth operation of the joint curriculum, find diversity in the operation model of the joint curriculum considering the characteristics of the school, prepare guidelines for teaching and evaluation of the joint curriculum for vocational high schools, share best practices, seek support measures for each role of teachers participating in the joint curriculum, strengthen the role of provincial and provincial offices of education to revitalize the joint curriculum for vocational high schools, and improve the administrative work of the joint curriculum.
The Structural Relationship Between Job Autonomy, Job Crafting, Person-Job Fit and Organizational Commitment of Management Consultants in Consulting Companies
Authors: Jang Semi , Na Seung Il
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between job autonomy, job crafting, person-job fit, and organizational commitment of management consultants of consulting companies. The instrument consisted of measurement tools used in previous studies and modified to fit the job context of management consultants. The responses of 352 management consultants in consulting companies were utilized in the analysis. Reliability analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, and multicollinearity analysis were conducted using SPSS 29.0 for Windows. Additionally, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were performed using the lavaan package in R. The results of the study are as follows. First, a structural relationship model was derived for predicting the causal relationship between job autonomy, job crafting, person-job fit, and organizational commitment of management consultants in consulting companies. Second, the person-job fit of management consultants was shown to have a direct and positive effect on organizational commitment. Job autonomy and job crafting did not significantly affect organizational commitment. Third, the job autonomy of management consultants was found to have a statistically significant effect on organizational commitment through job crafting and person-job fit. Job autonomy has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment with person-job fit as a single mediation and a significant positive effect on organizational commitment with job crafting and person-job fit as dual mediation. Based on these results, suggestions for enhancing the level of organizational commitment of management consultants and implications for follow-up research were presented.
Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Project Based Learning Pada Materi IPS Kelas V SD
Authors: Sandra Devi
Published: October 2024

Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti, peneliti menemukan masalah di jenjang SD yaitu faktor kurang mendukungnya bahan ajar LKPD berbasis project based learning pada Materi IPS kelas V SD, maka solusi yang diberikan oleh peneliti yaitu mengembangkan LKPD berbasis project based learning yang melibatkan keaktifan peserta didik dalam kegiatan model pembelajaran berbasis project based learning karena pembelajaran berbasis project memiliki potensi yang besar untuk memberikan pengalaman belajar yang menarik dan bermakna bagi siswa. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode R&D (Research and Development) dengan menggunakan model penelitian 4D Define, Design, Development and Diseminate. Hasil penelitian  LKPD berbasis project based learning yang dikembangkan peneliti dinyatakan valid. Dengan nilai kevalidan di dapat dari 3 validator yaitu ahli bahasa 87,5%, ahli media 92,5% dan ahli materi 100% dengan nilai total keseluruhan validator 94 termasuk dalam kategori valid. Dan LKPD yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti dapat dinyatakan praktis, berdasarkan uji coba one to one 4,6 dan small group 4,75 dengan kategori sangat praktis, dan di respon oleh 26 peserta didik menggunakan angket respon peserta didik dengan nilai diatas >4,2 s/d 50 dinyatakan praktis, dan skor nilai kepraktisan yang di dapatkan yaitu 4,73 yaitu termasuk dalam ketegori sangat praktis.
Pengaruh Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Terhadap Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Siswa Kelas V
Authors: Eva Destri Ani  , Nila Kesumawati  , Farizal Imansyah
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya Pengaruh Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Terhadap Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 10 Talang Kelapa. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan Design yang berbentuk Posttest-Only kontrol Design. Populasi yang diambil adalah berjumlah 90 orang. Dalam pengambilan sampel menggunakan Simple Random Sampling. Sampel yang diambil yaitu kelas V.A sebagai kelas eksperimen berjumlah 30 siswa yang digunakan dengan menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD), dan Kelas V.B sebagai kelas kontrol berjumlah 30 siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan pendekatan konvensional. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes digunakan untuk kemampuan koneksi matematis. Teknik analisis data menggunakan rumus Independent Sample T-Test Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitia yaitu Terdapat pengaruh Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Terhadap Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Siswa Kelas V. Kata kunci: Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD), Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis, Peserta didik
Peran Guru Dalam Melatih Berpikir Kreatif Terhadap Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas III SD Negeri 95 Palembang
Authors: Dwi Pitria Ningsih  , Magdad Hatim  , Nyiayu Fahriza Fuadiah
Published: October 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan peran guru dalam melatih berpikir kreatif terhadap  pembelajaran matematika kelas III SD Negeri 95 Palembang. Penelitan ini meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan angket. Subjeknya adalah adalah guru kelas III, kepala sekolah, ahli, dan siswa kelas III SD Negeri 95 Palembang. Sampelnya menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat kebutuhan untuk peningkatan peran guru dalam melatih berpikir kreatif terhadap pembelajaran matematika. Guru melibatkan penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang merangsang pemikiran kreatif. hal ini menekankan peran guru sebagai pengajar, inovator, motivator, fasilitator, dan evaluator dalam konteks pembelajaran matematika.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan peran guru dalam melatih berpikir kreatif terhadap  pembelajaran matematika kelas III SD Negeri 95 Palembang. Penelitan ini meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan angket. Subjeknya adalah adalah guru kelas III, kepala sekolah, ahli, dan siswa kelas III SD Negeri 95 Palembang. Sampelnya menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat kebutuhan untuk peningkatan peran guru dalam melatih berpikir kreatif terhadap pembelajaran matematika. Guru melibatkan penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang merangsang pemikiran kreatif. hal ini menekankan peran guru sebagai pengajar, inovator, motivator, fasilitator, dan evaluator dalam konteks pembelajaran matematika.
Kata Kunci: Inovator; Motivator; Fasilitator; Evaluator.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Example Non Example Berbantuan Alat Peraga Koyampin Terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa Kelas I Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Adipati Sidurejo
Authors: Maulida Isna , Anni Malihatul Hawa
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran example non example dengan bantuan alat peraga koyampin terhadap minat belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen semu. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan sampel adalah teknik purposive sampling. Sedangkan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas I MI Adipati Sindurejo, kemudian sampelnya adalah kelas IA yang berjumlah 26 siswa dan kelas IB yang berjumlah 25 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket, observasi, wawancara terstruktur dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji tingkat kesukaran, uji daya pembeda, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis yang terdiri dari uji independen sampel t dan uji regresi linier sederhana. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil: (1) Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan minat belajar siswa dengan model pembelajaran example non example berbantuan alat peraga koyampin. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai sig hitung sebesar 0,019 < 0,05 yang menunjukkan penolakan hipotesis nol (H0) dan penerimaan hipotesis alternatif (Ha). (2) Penggunaan model pembelajaran example non example berbantuan alat peraga koyampin memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap minat belajar siswa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh sebesar 0,000 < 0,005 dan nilai thitung sebesar 6,933 > ttabel 2,069. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran example non example dengan bantuan alat peran koyampin mempunyai perbedaan dan pengaruh yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa.
Kata Kunci: example non example, alat peraga, alat peraga koyampin, minat belajar siswa.
Effect of EVA, CFROI, MVA and CVA Methods on Shareholders Value Maximization and Financial Performance Estimation: An Empirical Study
Authors: Yaman Kemal , Topal Seda
Published: October 2024

With the globalization of markets, competition and performance pressure have accelerated. Investors rightfully expect a reasonable return on the capital they make available to others. Since companies often achieve their growth through capital obtained from new shareholders, the pressure on company profitability increases significantly. The capital market rewards companies' good performance and also punishes their bad performance. At this point, Economic Value Added (EVA), Cash Flow Return on Investment (CFROI), Cash Value Added (CVA) and Market Value Added (MVA), which ensure value maximization, have become increasingly important problems. For this reason, company profitability and growth potential are important. Within the scope of this study, the importance of EVA, CFROI, CVA and MVA indicators and their comparison with traditional methods are discussed in the introduction part. Studies on these indicators that embody value maximization are examined through a literature review. In the methodology section, the data of 11 companies active in the healthcare sector listed on Borsa Istanbul are analyzed through regression and correlation analyzes on the basis of the 2015-2021 period, and the effects of these indicators on stock returns. As a result, when MVA, CVA, CFROI and EVA are positive, economic profit is achieved and shareholder value is expected to increase.
Does Exchange Rate Undervaluation Have a Symmetric or Asymme-tric Effect on Economic Growth?
Authors: Seraj Mehdi , Coskuner Cagay , Alhassan Abdulkareem
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the asymmetric pass-through of real exchange rate undervaluation (Underval) on economic growth. The study using the autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) and non-linear autoregressive distributed lagged (NARDL) models reveals the complex and asymmetric effects of Underval on economic growth across different economies for the period 1984-2022. In developing countries, particularly those with floating exchange rate regimes, undervaluation can enhance economic performance by boosting exports and attracting foreign investment. However, in developing countries with fixed exchange rate regimes, undervaluation poses significant challenges and can lead to negative economic outcomes due to the rigidity and financial burdens associated with maintaining a fixed exchange rate. Conversely, developed countries and emerging markets exhibit a more muted response to underval, reflecting their greater economic stability and resilience. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring exchange rate policies to each country's specific economic context and exchange rate regime to optimize their impact on economic growth.
Renate Pieper: Geschichte Lateinamerikas seit dem 15. Jahrhundert, Wien: Mandelbaum, 2023, 416 S. ISBN 978-3-9913-6015-5
Authors: Francisco Javier , Schulze Frederik
Published: October 2024

Renate Pieper hat einen 400-seitigen Einführungsband in die Geschichte Lateinamerikas vorgelegt, der sich zum Ziel setzt, die Region in die Geschichte der Atlantischen Welt und der Globalisierung einzubinden. Aufgrund der globalisierungskritischen Dependenztheorie und der jüngst
diskutierten dekolonialen Ansätze entscheidet Pieper sich für eine gleiche Gewichtung von Kolonialzeit (rezensiert von Javier Francisco) und Zeit der Nationalstaaten ab dem 19. Jahrhundert (rezensiert von Frederik Schulze). Beide Teile sind in je zwei Kapitel gegliedert, die mit
einer Zeittafel beginnen und je vier Unterkapitel zu politischen, wirtschaftlichen, gesellschaftlichen und kulturellen Entwicklungen umfassen. Alle Unterkapitel enthalten kurze thematisch zugespitzte Bibliografien. Diese stringente Gliederung führt zu einer hohen Kohärenz des Bandes.
Philipp A. Sutner (Hg.): Landhandelsrouten. Adern des Waren- und Ideenaustauschs 500 v. – 1500 n. Chr., Wien: Mandelbaum, 2023, 263 S. ISBN 978-3-85476-929-3.
Authors: Adamczyk Dariusz
Published: October 2024

Die um die Universität Wien zirkulierende Gruppe deutschsprachiger Historiker und Historikerinnen ist seit Jahren bemüht, verschiedene Aspekte vormoderner Globalgeschichte(n) dem breiten Publikum näherzubringen. Nach dem zuletzt erschienenen Sammelband Seehandelsrouten.
Wegbereiter der frühen Globalisierung1 sind nun die Landhandelsrouten an der Reihe. In zehn Beiträgen werden Straßenverbindungen, Infrastrukturen sowie die Waren- und Geldflüsse auf vier Kontinenten dargestellt. Dabei bestand die Qualität der Interaktionen
nicht allein darin, dass Güter und Edelmetalle kommerzielle Kreisläufe stimulierten. Zumindest genauso wichtig waren Staatsbildungsprozesse, die – wie beispielsweise im subsaharischen Afrika oder in Osteuropa – erst durch die Handelsströme ermöglicht wurden:
sei es durch die Kontrolle der trans- und interkontinentalen Routen oder aber durch die direkte Beteiligung am Austausch.
Paulin Ismard (Hg.), Benedetta Rossi, Cécile Vidal (Koordination): Welten der Sklaverei. Eine vergleichende Geschichte. Mit einem Vorwort von Michael Zeuske [Übersetzung von Les Mondes de Lèsclavage, Paris: Seuil, 2021], Berlin: Jacoby & Stuart, 2023, 1200 S.
davon 48 S. Karten, Literaturverzeichnis, Orts- und Personenregister sowie Inhaltsverzeichnis. ISBN 978-3-96428-172-2
Authors: Nolte Hans-Heinrich
Published: October 2024

Vorbemerkung: Übersetzer*innen sind für jeden Beitrag einzeln aufgeführt. Eine intensive und kritische Vorstellung der Beiträge auf diesen 1.200 Seiten bedarf eines eigenen Studiums. Hier soll versucht werden, in kurzer Frist und knapper Form einen ersten Eindruck
zu vermitteln.
Hartmut Elsenhans, Kritiker der Rentiers
Authors: Nolte Hans-Heinrich
Published: October 2024

Die ZWG betrauert Hartmut Elsenhans, der am 18. Januar 2024 gestorben ist. Er hat die Zeitschrift für Weltgeschichte von Anfang an als Autor unterstützt, der die Distanz der deutschen Linken zu Immanuel Wallerstein erklärte. Mit seiner eigenen Habilitation
,,Geschichte und Ökonomie der europäischen Welteroberung“ betonte er die ,,Selbstverständlichkeit der Weltsystem-perspektive“1 und meinte, Wallerstein habe in Deutschland nur begrenzte Wirkung, ,,weil er angesichts dieser Theorielage offene Türen
einlief, im Anspruch wie in der Methode.“2 Er stellte ihm eine ,,keynesianische Perspektive“ gegenüber.3 Außerdem hat er mehrere Rezensionen für die ZWG geschrieben.4 Eine Würdigung anhand von 10 englischsprachigen Interviews
hat Christian Hey 2017 vorgelegt, in dem er für Elsenhans zusammenfasst: ,,Der Kapitalismus ist ein emanzipatorisches System, von dem insbesondere die kleinen Leute profitieren“. Man müsse den Kapitalismus vor den Kapitalisten retten, die ihn in System für Rentiers zu
verwandeln drohen.5
Optimizing Energy and Protein Contents in A Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala lam.) Leaf-Based Concentrate for Dairy Goats Fed Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum schumach) Basal Diet in Kenya
Authors: Kiura Joseph Ndwiga , Ondiek James Ombiro , Migwi Perminus Karubiu , Guliye Abdi Yakub
Published: October 2024

Dairy goats provide food and financial security through their milk and meat. The main basal diet for confined dairy goats in Kenya is Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach). However, optimal milk production is hampered by the high cost of protein and energy supplements that are required while feeding the grass. The protein supplement affordability is of greater limitation among farmers, therefore use of protein-rich forages in a supplement can lower the concentrate cost. Information on the optimal protein and energy inclusion levels in a forage-based concentrate for dairy goats is hardly available in Kenya. A study was therefore conducted whereby Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala Lam.) leaf hay was used as the main protein source in four concentrates formulated with crude protein (CP) content (gkg-1) and metabolizable energy (ME) levels (MJkg-1), respectively, of: 135, 12; 160, 10; 185, 8; and 210, 6; respectively. A fifth supplement was formulated, representing the commonly used cattle dairy meal (160 g CPkg-1 DM and 10 MJ MEkg-1 DM, respectively), using commercial sunflower seedcake as a protein source. The concentrates were fed at 300 gday-1 to lactating Toggenburg dairy goats on Napier grass basal diet, in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. The total dry matter intake by the goats was 1.059-1.128 kg DM/goat day-1, with a milk production of 221.3-285.5 mL/goat day-1. It was concluded that the appropriate CP and ME levels in the Leucaena-based concentrate are 135 gkg-1 DM and 12 MJkg-1 DM, respectively. It was recommended that other protein-rich forages be explored
Epilepsy adverse events post vaccination
Authors: Ricke Darrell O.
Published: October 2024

Aim: Seizure and epilepsy adverse events (AEs) can occur following vaccination. For epilepsy AEs, they are generally expected to only occur at background population frequencies without associations with immunizations. The Vaccine AEs Reporting System (VAERS) collects a subset of AEs experienced by vaccinees, including multiple epilepsy related AEs. This study examines the possibility of immunization associated epilepsy AEs in VAERS occurring above background rates.
Methods: Herein, VAERS is retrospectively examined for epilepsy and seizure AEs following immunizations (AEFIs). Reported AEFIs are normalized by total AEFIs for each vaccine. VAERS data is examined by vaccine type, vaccine source, vaccinee gender, and age-stratified for infants.
Results: Association signals for examined epilepsy and seizure AEFIs are identified for multiple vaccines when compared to other vaccines with normalized frequencies above expected population background frequencies. Normalized epilepsy AEFI frequencies for children less than 1 year are higher than children aged 1 year for several vaccines. For pairs of matched vaccines from different manufacturers, statistically different epilepsy AEFI normalized frequencies were observed. These matched pairs for multiple vaccines implicate likely vaccine contaminations (e.g., endotoxins) as likely candidates for causing elevated epilepsy and seizure AEFIs.
Conclusions: Based on the reported results, delaying some immunizations of a small set of vaccines until children are 1 year of age is predicted to reduce epilepsy AEFI occurrences for these vaccines. For several vaccines, statistically significant differences in epilepsy AEFI normalized frequencies were detected for the same (or similar) vaccine from different manufacturers; this suggests that possible manufacturing contaminant(s) (e.g., endotoxins) as the likely causative agent(s) for observed epilepsy AEFIs above background rates. Eliminating or reducing these possible contaminants is predicted to reduce the observed associations closer to background population levels observed for other vaccines with very low epilepsy AEFI normalized frequencies.
All-to-all broadcast in Augmented Optical Linear Array
Authors: Sabrigiriraj M. , Manoharan K. , Mastorakis Nikos
Published: October 2024

All-to-all broadcast communication refers to a process where each terminal node in a network sends a distinct message to every other terminal node. This intensive exchange of information is a crucial component in ultra high-performance computing and communication frameworks, finding applications in areas such as network control mechanisms and data center operations. In telecommunication networks, it is critical for efficient resource management, as each terminal node must collect information about all others. Optical networks using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) form the backbone of these systems, where efficient utilization of wavelengths is essential to minimize costs and complexity. The optical linear array topology is commonly employed in Local Area Networks, Wide Area Networks, and Metropolitan Area Networks. To optimize the performance in such networks, modifications of the network topology are necessary to minimize both wavelength requirement and hop count. In this study, a linear array network with T terminal nodes is augmented by directly interconnecting terminal nodes with an index difference of ⌊ 𝑇−1 2 ⌋, which can also be termed as linear array with ⌊ 𝑇−1 2 ⌋length extension. This augmented linear array is analyzed to identify the number of wavelengths required atmost for establishing all-to-all broadcast by grouping non-overlapping connections on the same wavelength. The results found indicate that the Augmented Linear Array achieves a reduction of approximately 10% to 24% in wavelength requirements compared to a linear array with a twolength extension, also achieving 50% reduction in hop count. However, it exhibits a 10% increase in wavelength usage in comparison to a linear array with a three-length extension, but it offers a hop count reduction more than 20%.
Inetetamab combined with S-1 and oxaliplatin as first-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive gastric cancer
Authors: Kong Ying , Dong Qi , Jin Peng , Li Ming-Yan , Ma Li , Yi Qi-Jun , Miao Yu-E , Liu Hai-Yan , Liu Jian-Gang
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced gastric cancer have poor outcomes. Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy is the first-line standard treatment for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. Inetetamab is a novel anti-HER2 drug, and its efficacy and safety in gastric cancer have not yet been reported.

AIM

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) regimen combined with inetetamab as a first-line treatment for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer.

METHODS

Thirty-eight patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were randomly divided into two groups: One group received inetetamab combined with the SOX regimen, and the other group received trastuzumab combined with the SOX regimen. After 4-6 cycles, patients with stable disease received maintenance therapy. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate, disease control rate, and adverse events (AEs).

RESULTS

Thirty-seven patients completed the trial, with 18 patients in the inetetamab group and 19 patients in the trastuzumab group. In the inetetamab group, the median PFS was 8.5 months, whereas it was 7.3 months in the trastuzumab group (P = 0.046); this difference was significant. The median OS in the inetetamab group vs the trastuzumab group was 15.4 months vs 14.3 months (P = 0. 33), and the objective response rate was 50% vs 42% (P = 0.63), respectively; these differences were not significant. Common AEs included leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, and vomiting. The incidence rates of grade ≥ 3 AEs were 56% in the inetetamab group and 47% in the trastuzumab group (P = 0.63), with no significant difference.

CONCLUSION

In the first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer, inetetamab and trastuzumab showed comparable efficacy. The inetetamab group showed superior PFS, and both groups had good safety.
Combined preoperative albumin bilirubin score and hepatectomy percentage for evaluate the liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Wen Gao-Lin , Wang Jing-Lin
Published: October 2024

Surgical resection is a pivotal therapeutic approach for addressing hepatic space-occupying lesions, with liver volume restoration and hepatic functional recovery being crucial for assessing surgical prognosis. The preoperative albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score, encompassing serum albumin and bilirubin levels, can be determined via blood analysis, effectively mitigating human error and providing an accurate depiction of liver function. The hepatectomy ratio, which is the proportion of the liver volume removed to the total liver volume, is critical in preserving an adequate liver tissue volume to ensure postoperative hepatic functional compensation, minimize surgical complications, and reduce mortality rates. Incorporating the preoperative ALBI score and hepatectomy ratio aids surgeons in assessing the optimal timing and extent of partial hepatectomy. The introduction of preoperative albumin bilirubin score and hepatectomy percentage is beneficial for the surgeons to evaluate the timing and magnitude of partial liver resection.
Tofacitinib for ulcerative colitis: A promising treatment option
Authors: Han Zong-Qiang , Wen Li-Na
Published: October 2024

A single center retrospective clinical study revealed the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). This study has clinical reference value but also has some limitations. Previous studies, including this clinical trial, have shown that tofacitinib could be a promising treatment option for UC, but further clinical research is required to prove this point.
Elucidating the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in hyperuricemia and gout: Insights and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Singh Abhay Kumar , Durairajan Siva Sundara Kumar , Iyaswamy Ashok , Williams Leonard L
Published: October 2024

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a condition associated with a high concentration of uric acid (UA) in the bloodstream and can cause gout and chronic kidney disease. The gut microbiota of patients with gout and HUA is significantly altered compared to that of healthy people. This article focused on the complex interconnection between alterations in the gut microbiota and the development of this disorder. Some studies have suggested that changes in the composition, diversity, and activity of microbes play a key role in establishing and progressing HUA and gout pathogenesis. Therefore, we discussed how the gut microbiota contributes to HUA through purine metabolism, UA excretion, and intestinal inflammatory responses. We examined specific changes in the composition of the gut microbiota associated with gout and HUA, highlighting key bacterial taxa and the metabolic pathways involved. Additionally, we discussed the effect of conventional gout treatments on the gut microbiota composition, along with emerging therapeutic approaches that target the gut microbiome, such as the use of probiotics and prebiotics. We also provided insights into a study regarding the gut microbiota as a possible novel therapeutic intervention for gout treatment and dysbiosis-related diagnosis.
Orientación educativa en Colombia: discursos y prácticas a deconstruir
Authors: Ladino Pardo Gustavo
Published: October 2024

Antecedentes: En Colombia, la orientación educativa se enmarca en la estructura política de mitad del siglo XX y desde ese entonces se ha construido a partir de la influencia de discursos de distinto origen: científico, legislativo, administrativo e institucional, que tienen en común lo que pareciera ser la idea de desarrollo y productividad que generada a través de un Estado basado en la modernidad. Objetivo: Éste artículo se basa en una investigación que busca develar los procesos en los que surge, se conforma y se institucionaliza el saber experto de la orientación educativa y explorar las delimitaciones de sus funciones, estructuración, discursos y prácticas como dispositivo de gubernamentalidad. Conclusiones: Éste artículo presenta la revisión y el análisis realizado a las ideas y concepciones que conforman la dinámica de la orientación educativa como expresión de la modernización y sirve de referente a las nociones de la gestión de la vida e implementación de una intencionalidad determinante en el quehacer político y económico de los sujetos.
Análisis sociohistórico de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional
Authors: Gómez Villamizar Catalina , Hernández Álvarez Mario , Pachón Ariza Fabio Alberto
Published: October 2024

Antecedentes: El hambre es un fenómeno de interés para diversas disciplinas debido a su permanencia e incremento en los últimos años y al posible incumplimiento del segundo Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible: “hambre cero”. Este fenómeno ha sido abordado tradicionalmente desde las políticas y acciones enmarcadas en la perspectiva de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional; sin embargo, a pesar de estar vigente los últimos 40 años, no se ha logrado el objetivo de erradicar el hambre. Objetivo: hacer un análisis sociohistórico de esta perspectiva para esclarecer las dinámicas implicadas y sus consecuencias en el abordaje del hambre y la sociedad en general. Se encontró que las políticas y acciones derivadas de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, están encaminadas a acciones asistenciales que permitan a los sujetos llevar una vida saludable y activa. No obstante, es precisamente la lógica de una problematización a nivel individual la que no permite comprender que el hambre de las poblaciones está asociada a los procesos de acumulación de capital del agronegocio global. Conclusiones: Las políticas y acciones propuestas desde la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, enmarcada en la epidemiología causal, no son suficientes para abordar, analizar y solucionar el problema del hambre. Se propone utilizar la epidemiología crítica y la perspectiva crítico-histórico-territorial dado que permite analizar el fenómeno del hambre en una relación dialéctica-histórica con la sociedad.
Tocando el futuro: Planeación y monitoreo en niños ciegos
Authors: Mejía Zuluaga César , Aguirre Zarta Alexander
Published: October 2024

Antecedentes: Aunque a la fecha son escasos los estudios que aborden el desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas en niños ciegos, algunos reportan bajos desempeños en memoria de trabajo (MT) y control atencional, aunque la memoria verbal a corto plazo, basada en el bucle fonológico, puede llegar a ser superior a la de los niños videntes. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre monitoreo táctil y verbal con la planeación cognitiva en niños ciegos. Método: Se trabajó con una muestra de 20 niños ciegos, sin alteraciones del desarrollo asociadas. Se utilizó una versión de la Torre de Londres adaptada a la población ciega. Para la puntuación se diseñó una escala global que facilitó la clasificación de los desempeños. Resultados: Para el análisis de datos se realizó la prueba de hipótesis mediante regresión lineal por pasos. Los resultados mostraron que el monitoreo verbal no fue un buen predictor del desempeño, mientras que el monitoreo táctil influyó en los desempeños en la tarea de planeación. Conclusiones: Se observó un efecto significativo del monitoreo táctil en la planeación de los niños ciegos, aunque esta no fue la estrategia más frecuente. Por otra parte, no se observaron efectos significativos del monitoreo verbal.
Saberes de los orientadores escolares: contraste entre formación pregradual y actividad profesional en Bogotá
Authors: Hernández Oscar Gilberto
Published: October 2024

Antecedentes: En Colombia no existe un pregrado específico para ejercer la orientación escolar. Esta la realizan profesionales de distinta formación, cuyos saberes se combinan de diversas maneras. Es importante estudiar esa diversidad para entender cómo se desarrolla esta actividad en el país. Dichos saberes pueden clasificarse en disciplinares, curriculares, experienciales y profesionales. Objetivo: Analizar y comparar los saberes de orientadores escolares con distinta formación pregradual en colegios públicos de Bogotá. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa con un enfoque etnográfico sobre la actividad profesional de seis orientadores con distinta formación pregradual (dos con formación en psicología, dos en trabajo social y dos en psicopedagogía). Se realizaron seis entrevistas y un grupo focal. La información se examinó desde la perspectiva del análisis del discurso. Resultados: El contraste entre la formación pregradual y la actividad profesional de los orientadores participantes muestra una prevalencia general de sus saberes experienciales sobre las diferencias de su formación en sus respectivas profesiones. El conocimiento de los orientadores participantes es producto de un proceso integrado y situado a la especificidad del colegio donde laboran. Los saberes experienciales son relevantes para todos ellos porque articulan la actividad de la orientación con reflexiones sobre el sentido de la escuela y la educación. Conclusiones: Existe una reconfiguración de la orientación escolar en Colombia en función de su práctica situada. La actividad in situ de los orientadores debería estudiarse más para mejorar los procesos de formación correspondientes.
Componentes nucleares y efectividad de los grupos de ayuda mutua: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Agudelo Hernandez Andrés Felipe , Rojas Andrade Rodrigo , Guapacha Montoya Marcela , Giraldo Álvarez Ana Belén
Published: October 2024

Un grupo de ayuda mutua se define como un grupo de personas que comparten un problema similar, que se reúnen regularmente para intercambiar información y para dar y recibir apoyo psicológico. El objetivo de la revisión es determinar los componentes comunes y nucleares de los grupos de ayuda mutua en salud mental, además de su efectividad. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Pudmed y Scielo, a partir de la combinación de palabras claves y operadores boleanos durante un periodo de tiempo del 2005-2021. Los resultados iniciales arrojaron un total de 410 artículos, de los cuales se incluyen cinco por cumplir los diferentes criterios de inclusión. Los hallazgos muestran una evidencia limitada pero prometedora de que los grupos de ayuda mutua son beneficiosos para las personas con problemas o trastornos mentales.
Taxonomic revision of Disporum (Colchicaceae) from Thailand including four new species
Authors: Sarapan A. , Chamchumroon V. , Hodkinson T.R. , Suwanphakdee C.
Published: October 2024

We present a taxonomic revision of the genus Disporum in Thailand based on Thai specimens including descriptions of the genus and species, a key to the species, illustrations and lectotypifications. The dorsifixed anther attachment is a new character for the genus. There is a
total of sixspecies in Thailand, including the four new species described here, namely D. chiangdaoense, D. dorsifixerum, D. phuhinrongklaensis and D. scabridum, and two well-known species D. calcaratum and D. cantoniense. Anatomical and pollen morphological
characters can be used for species diagnoses and they strongly support the morphological recognition of the four new species. New lectotypifications of synonyms are provided for D. wallichii, Uvularia calcarata and U. hamiltoniana.
Pobreza Energética en Chorrera Mirador: Implementación y Monitoreo de un Sistema Híbrido Solar-Eólico
Authors: Quispillo Castañeda Hamilton Renato , Córdova Uvidia Rafael Alexander , Ordoñez Echeverría Ángel Hetzhay
Published: October 2024

This work studies energy poverty in the community of Chorrera Mirador, located in Chimborazo, Ecuador. Energy poverty, defined as the inability to cover basic energy needs such as heating, cooking, and refrigeration, affects rural areas of Latin America. In Ecuador, this problem is exacerbated in rural areas, where more than half of the population suffers from it. The article proposes a methodology to measure energy poverty using the multidimensional energy poverty index (MEPI), which evaluates multiple conditions associated with this problem in households. The results reveal moderate energy poverty in the community, which justifies the implementation of a hybrid solar and wind renewable energy system (SHER) to mitigate it. The SHER was sized based on the daily energy demand and the solar and wind resources available in the area. A data collection system is included to monitor the voltage stability and power production of the system. The results demonstrate the functionality of the system and its ability to satisfy the energy demand of the community. The study concludes that the implementation of the SHER, together with the use of low-consumption lighting elements, contributes to mitigating energy poverty in the Chorrera Mirador community, improving the quality of life of its inhabitants. In addition, the data collection system allows for long-term analysis, which makes it easier to identify possible improvements and strategies to optimize its operation
Semaforización Inteligente: Un Análisis a los Desafíos en la Implementación de Tecnologías y Algoritmos IoT
Authors: García-de-la-Cruz Ingrid , Chancay-García Leonardo
Published: October 2024

Intelligent traffic signalization is a traffic control system designed to improve road safety and promote sustainable mobility. In this regard, an exhaustive literature review has examined the technologies, algorithms, and challenges associated with this system. For this purpose, 22 studies published between 2019 and 2023 were selected, following the PRISMA methodology along three phases: Planning, Implementation, and Documentation. The results highlight the implementation of technologies such as WI-FI and CCTV, which are predominantly used for connectivity and surveillance. In terms of algorithms, YOLO emerges as the most applied, addressing key challenges such as the need for stable connectivity and protection of data confidentiality. However, significant limitations are also identified, such as associated costs and social acceptance. Thus, it is inferred that technical innovations can counteract both the challenges and inherent limitations, therefore contributing to more efficient traffic management and life protection.