bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS PEMETAAN LOKASI PEMBUANGAN SAMPAH LEGAL BERBASIS WEBSITE DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Rahardi Agus , Estian Pambudi Randi , Septiawan Yuda , Ade Muktiawan Danang , Irfan Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Waste disposal that is not well managed in Bandar Lampung City caused problems with a negative impact on the environment and public health. Lack of related information legal dump sites make things difficult for cleaning crews, leading to dumping carelessness and increasing the risk of health problems. Official local government websites were not yet optimal in providing information, giving rise to the need for more effective solutions. This research aims to implement a Geographic Information System (GIS) for mapping legal waste disposal locations in Bandar Lampung City via its website. The research focused only on legal waste and mapping its location. The data used comes from environmental services and other supporting sources. The results are expected to make things easier for cleaning officers to access information, increase the effectiveness of waste management, assist government decision-making, increase the efficiency of waste management, environmental cleanliness and transparency. With more complete and accurate information, it is hoped that waste management will become more planned and coordinated and provide a platform for data and information related to legal waste disposal locations. Furthermore, community empowerment can be carried out for more sustainable research results in location mapping and integration with others system to improve overall waste management more efficient.
DESAIN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI BERBASIS WEBSITE UNTUK PROMOSI PRODUK UNGGULAN UMKM DI TULANG BAWANG BARAT
Authors: Hafidh Arsala Huda Muhammad , Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini , Meiliza Meiliza , Aglasia Adimas
Published: July 2024

MSMEs or micro small and medium enterprises is a productive business entity that operates independently and can be owned by individuals or companies in all economic sectors in west tulang bawang MSMEs has not fully utilized web technology for online promotion and ordering currently the sale of MSMEs products is still done traditionally and data recording is still done manually in books which has the potential to cause loss damage or data manipulation to overcome this problem the rapid application development method is used with UML tools such as use case diagrams activity class and sequence the database used is MySQL the result of this research is an online sales and ordering system that allows MSMEs owners to manage product data confirm orders and print reports the admin part can see sales data and reports while consumers can make order transactions up to payment
Detection and Measurement System for Button Mushrooms Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wei Yong Lio ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ambar Radzi , Abd Wahab Mohd Helmy , Abd Jamil Muhammad Mahadi , Chang Choon Chew ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: July 2024

In Malaysia, the button mushroom is recognized as a vegetable with high nutritional value and is easy to cultivate. Monitoring mushroom growth requires farmers to regularly inspect their crops, which is time-consuming and inefficient. Hence, an automated detection and measurement system for button mushrooms has been developed using image processing techniques based on convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm model known as YOLOv4. The algorithm was utilized to train the system using button mushroom images to create training models. The performance of the YOLOv4 models was evaluated across various iterations ranging from 1000 to 6000 iterations. The model with 2000 iterations demonstrated the most effective performance based on Recall, Precision, F1-score, Time and Mean Average Precision metrics. The model was used in a small-scale experimental setup to evaluate the button mushroom detection and measurement system’s performance. Based on the results obtained from the experiments, the detection and measurement system demonstrated high accuracy in locating the position of each button mushroom with only a 5% deviation error in predicting the size of each button mushroom.
A Reconfigurable Hardware Realization for Real-Time Simulation of Cardiac Excitation and Conduction
Authors: Mahmud Farhanahani ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Adon Nur Atiqah , Othman Norliza , Hakim Ade Anggian , Morsin Marlia , Jabbar Mohamad Hairol ,   Institut Kemahiran MARA(IKM),   National Security Council State of Pahang,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: July 2024

Dynamic simulation of complex cardiac excitation and conduction requires high computational time. Thus, the hardware techniques that can run in real-time simulation were introduced. However, according to existing studies, the hardware simulation requires high power consumption and involves a large size of the physical parts. Due to the drawbacks, this research presents the adaptation of nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE)-based cardiac excitable models of Luo-Rudy Phase I (LR-I) and FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) in a reconfigurable hardware of field-programmable gate array (FPGA). FPGA rapid prototyping using MATLAB Hardware Description Language (HDL) Coder was used to convert a fixed-point MATLAB Simulink blocks design of the cardiac models into a synthesizable VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) code and verified using the FPGA-In-the Loop (FIL) Co-simulator. The Xilinx FPGA Virtex-6 XC6VLX240T ML605 evaluation board was chosen as the FPGA platform. The cardiac excitation response characteristics using the LR-I model and the simulations of reentrant initiation and annihilation using the FHN model were verified in Virtex-6 FPGA. This means a new real-time simulation-based analysis technique of cardiac electrical excitation and conduction wassuccessfully developed using the reconfigurable hardware.
An Optimized Semantic Segmentation Framework for Human Skin Detection
Authors: Huong Audrey ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ngu Xavier ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: July 2024

The study incorporating optimization strategy in semantic segmentation is underexplored in dermatology. Existing approaches used complex and various heuristic designs of image processing algorithms and deep models customized for skin detection problems. This paper demonstrates Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-incorporated AlexNet framework for the skin segmentation task. The results from testing the trained model are promising. The model produced satisfactory performances even with a strict split of 50 %, confirming the high efficiency of the proposed framework. The mean Jaccard index and Dice similarity measures evaluated between the annotated and predicted mask ranged from 0.80 to 0.93 in the binary classification of pixels as “skin” versus “background”. This work identified that the location and color variability of skin pixels in the training data are crucial to obtaining a good skin segmentation performance. Further works that can be explored in this area include adopting a robust preprocessing strategy to increase data variability and improve model generalization or implementing an optimization-enhanced strategy on the existing segmentation models for comparison.
Allelopathic Effects of Essential Oils In Some Medicinal And Aromatic Plants on The Development of Oilseed Plants
Authors: Yaman Hümeyra , Yılmaz Ömer , Karaca Sanyürek Nesrin , Aydın Sevinç
Published: July 2024

Traditional methods used to increase plant productivity from the past to the present cause problems owing to their toxicological effects on organism resistance and living things. This has stipulated the creation of strategies to boost plant productivity without adversely affecting the health of living things. Essential oils secreted from various parts of plants stand out as, sustainable, and improvable alternatives and have been the subject of numerous types of research as they have many functional properties. The present research covers the investigation of the allelopathic effect of essential oils of Greek Oregano (Origanum vulgare L. subsp. hirtum), Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia), and common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) on oilseed plants (Cephalaria syriaca L., Camelina sativa L.) at different ratios. Inhibitory effects of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation on the seeds of Cephalaria syriaca L. and Camelina sativa L. species at different concentrations were analyzed under sterile in vitro conditions. The inhibitory effects of essential oils and concentrations were analyzed using the Friedman test. The research revealed that essential oils were effective in weed control through their high inhibitory effect against Cephalaria syriaca L. seeds while reducing the germination power of Camelina sativa L.
Türkiye’de Uygulanan Basınçlı Sulama Yöntemleri Destek Programının Ankara İli İçin Etki Değerlendirmesi
Authors: Yılmaz Belgin , Topak Ramazan
Published: July 2024

Bu çalışma, ülkemizde 2006 yılında başlatılan ve halen devam eden basınçlı sulama yöntemleri mali destek programının Ankara ilindeki etkisini değerlendirmek için yürütülmüştür. Bu kapsamda, devletçe sağlanan hibe ve sübvansiyonlu kredi destekleri ile ilgili veriler ilgili kurumlardan temin edilmiştir. Basınçlı sulama desteklerinin amacına ne denli hizmet ettiğini değerlendirmek için Ankara ilinde çiftçi görüşleri alınmıştır. Bu amaçla, Ankara’da sulu tarımın yoğun olarak yapıldığı 10 ilçe pilot alan olarak seçilmiş ve bu alanda basınçlı sulama yapan 250 çiftçi ile yüz yüze anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anket çalışması ile destek uygulamasının basınçlı sulama yönteminin yaygınlaşmasına, su tasarrufuna, gübre kullanımına, ürün verimine ve çiftçi gelirine etkisi ile çiftçilerin programa ilişkin izlenimleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, uygulamanın başlangıcı ve günümüze kadarki döneme ilişkin basınçlı sulama sistemi sayıları ve ürün verim değerleri ilgili kurumlardan temin edilerek, anket sonuçları ile birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, basınçlı sulamaya sağlanan hibe ve düşük faizli kredi destekleri toplamı olarak Ankara ili genelinde 8603 çiftçiye yaklaşık 241 milyon TL kaynak sağlanmıştır. Programın uygulamada olduğu 2006-2021 döneminde, basınçlı sulama sistemleri Ankara ili genelinde %61.44 oranında artış göstermiştir. Ayrıca, Ankara bölgesinde bu desteği alan çiftçilerin %15’inin ilk kez basınçlı sulamaya geçiş yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Söz konusu 2006-2021 döneminde, Ankara bölgesinde bazı ürünlerin verimlerinde artış olduğu hem çiftçi görüşleri ve hem de kurum verileri ile ortaya konarken, çiftçilerin büyük çoğunluğu basınçlı sulama yöntemi ile önemli ölçüde su tasarrufu sağlandığını bildirmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak, görüşü sorulan çiftçilerin hemen hemen tamamı basınçlı sulama destek programının devam etmesi gerektiğini belirtmişlerdir.
Yalova Örneğinde Biyoklimatik Konforun Zamansal Değişimi
Authors: Koç Canan , Koç Ahmet
Published: July 2024

Sanayi Devrimiyle başlayan kırsal alanlardan kente göç olgusuyla kentsel nüfus artışı başlamış, arazi örtüsünde değişimler giderek artmıştır. Günümüzde, kentlerde doğal alanların azalması ve yapay alanlardaki artışla birlikte kentsel ısı adası etkisi yoğunlaşmakta ve önemli boyutlarda termal etki oluşumuna neden olmaktadır. İnsanın günlük yaşamını devam ettirebilmek için ihtiyaç duyduğu enerji iklimden etkilenmekte ve bu durum literatürde çoğunlukla biyo-klimatik konfor çalışmalarında ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada Yalova kentine ait 2009-2017 yıllarını kapsayan 9 yıllık meteorolojik veriler değerlendirilerek, kent ikliminin insan termal konforuna etkileri ortaya konmaktadır. Biyoklimatik konfor şartlarını hesaplamak için PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) indeksi kullanılmıştır. Yalova kentinde incelenen yıllar arasında 2012 yılı kış mevsimi dışında aşırı soğuk ya da aşırı sıcak stresi ile karşılaşılmamış olmasına karşın, kentin hızla büyümesi ve nüfus artışı devam etmiş olup, iklimsel değişimlerin yaşanması olası görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla Yalova’da yenilenebilir enerji kullanımına öncelik veren projelerin geliştirilmesi, ekolojik yapıya olan baskının önlenmesi, sosyo-ekonomik ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliği sağlayan çalışmaların yürütülmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Sıçanlarda Akciğer Doku Yağ Asit Düzeyleri Üzerinde Kobalt Ve Silibinin Etkileri
Authors: Akkoyun H. Turan
Published: July 2024

Çalışmada kobalt ve önemli bir flavonoid olan silibin uygulanan sıçanlarda akciğer dokusunun yağ asit içeriğindeki değişimlerin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. 250±300 gr ağırlığında Wistar Albino cinsi 24 sıçan Control(0.5 mL,i.pizotonik), Kobalt(150 mg/kg/gün/oral), Silibinin(100 mg/kg/gün/oral), Kobalt+Silibinin(150 mg/kg/gün+100 mg/kg/gün/oral) olarak 4 gruba ayrıldı. Doku yağ asit analizleri GC kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Yağ asitleri analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde, Kontrole kıyasla genel olarak bütün gruplarda doymuş yağ asit düzeylerinde azalma gözlenirken (p>0,05, p
Tahap Plan pada Pelaksanaan Lesson Study sebagai Peningkatan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Jannah Ukhti Raudhatul , Hafsi Ainur Rofiq , Sucahyono Hadi , Mashurat Mashurat , Marwiyah Marwiyah , Ghafur Abdul , Kiptiyah Ratiyatul , Astutik Dewi Puji
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan tahap Plan yang akan dilakukan pada kegiatan LS sebagai peningkatan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa SDN Tambaan 2 dengan menggunakan media berbasis kearifan lokal. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus dengan siklus LS yang melibatkan 1 kepala sekolah dan 4 guru kelas (1, 2, 4, 5). Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) latar belakang pendidikan dan kompetensi guru berpengaruh dalam memberikan ide penyusunan perencanan pembelajaran, (2) guru bersama dosen dan kepala sekolah mampu menyusun tujuan pembelajaran dan alur tujuan pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada pencapaian karakter profil pelajar pancasila, menyusun modul ajar berdiferensiasi, menentukan metode pembelajaran yang student oriented, menentukan media pembelajaran yang kontekstual dan berdasar kearifan lokal, menyusun LKPD dan asesmen (awal, formatif, dan sumatif). Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan rujukan guru dalam perencanaan pembelajaran di sekolah yang karakteristiknya sama dengan SDN Tambaan 2 Camplong, juga sebagai alternatif dalam peningkatan pemahaman konsep dasar matematika untuk mencapai karakter profil pelajar Pancasila.
PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK MULIA DAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER: PERSEPSI GURU PAI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS TANJUNG PURA
Authors: Hafiz Muhammad , Sit Masganti , Daulay Nurussakinah
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pandangan para pendidik PAI tentang pendidikan karakter dan pengajaran akhlak mulia, serta mengidentifikasi persamaan dan perbedaan pandangan tersebut. Mengenai penelitian kualitatif semacam ini. Memanfaatkan metode untuk mengumpulkan informasi seperti survei, wawancara, dan penelitian tercatat. Data disajikan melalui analisis interaktif berdasarkan model Huberman dan Miles. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, para pendidik PAI di Kec. Sekolah Menengah Atas Tanjung Pura meyakini bahwa pendidikan akhlak mulia merupakan upaya nyata untuk meningkatkan ketaqwaan siswa kepada Allah SWT dengan cara mengajarkan prinsip-prinsip akhlak yang unggul. Dari cara siswa belajar membaca Alquran, beristighfar, dan mengikuti kegiatan kemanusiaan seperti gotong royong dan infaq dan sedekah, serta rukun iman, ihsan, syukur, ketaatan, dan husnuzzan, terlihat jelas bahwa guru menanamkan akhlak. nilai-nilai seperti ini pada siswanya. Pendidikan karakter, menurut para pendidik PAI, adalah suatu program yang bertujuan untuk mengajarkan siswa untuk menghargai dan menghormati orang lain, serta menerima tanggung jawab atas pilihan dan perilakunya sendiri, melalui penggunaan teknik pelatihan yang ditunjukkan melalui perkataan, sikap, dan perilaku. perbuatan. Pendidikan akhlak mulia dan pendidikan budi pekerti menurut sudut pandang para pengajar PAI adalah sama dan berbeda karena menggunakan pendekatan yang berbeda. Metode-metode seperti pendekatan pembiasaan, keteladanan, bimbingan, serta penghargaan dan hukuman juga dapat dibandingkan. Secara umum pendidikan karakter dan pendidikan akhlak mulia cukup sebanding.
Les choses humaines
Authors: Widmer Vania
Published: July 2024

En el presente artículo se propone un análisis del film francés Les choses humaines (Attal, 2021). Una primera versión de este trabajo fue presentado en el Congreso Internacional de Psicología organizado por la Universidad de Buenos Aires durante 2023. Se explora, a través de la revisión de la narrativa y de comentarios hechos por el propio realizador, la violencia sexual y de género en el marco de una cultura familiar y social determinada.
El fin de la humanidad
Authors: Prezioza María Marta
Published: July 2024

Este ensayo se atreve a hipotetizar que los hermanos Christopher y Jonathan Nolan se inspiraron en el pensamiento de Joseph Ratzinger sobre la esperanza al escribir el guion de la película Interstellar. Se muestran seis coincidencias conceptuales entre la película de 2014 y la carta encíclica Spe Salvi publicada en 2007 y se proveen citas textuales para ello. Las seis convergencias encontradas versan sobre los siguientes temas: el progreso científico y el progreso moral, la naturaleza social de la esperanza, la confianza, el amor como salvación, el reencuentro con los seres queridos más allá del tiempo, la victoria del bien y la eternidad.
PSICOCINE: un espacio para la promoción de salud mental en Camagüey, Cuba
Authors: Hernández Figaredo Pablo
Published: July 2024

El espacio caracterizado PSICOCINE fue creado en 2018 en Camagüey, Cuba, como una actividad comunitaria con vistas a utilizar el séptimo arte para promover la salud mental de la población. Los antecedentes que le dieron origen, y las peculiares características de dicho espacio se describen en el presente artículo. Lo que en un inicio fueron actividades docentes del autor, destinadas a facilitar el aprendizaje de la Psiquiatría a los estudiantes de 5to Año de Medicina a través de películas seleccionadas, fue ampliado luego a la formación de residentes y especialistas de la especialidad, psicólogos y otros miembros de los equipos de salud mental, para culminar con la creación de este espacio caracterizado que constituye una cita mensual de la población interesada con el buen cine, para el disfrute de una película y la posterior discusión de asuntos relacionados con la salud mental, su promoción y la prevención de trastornos psíquicos, según la temática del filme elegido.
Stress level and interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Agastiya I Made Cahyadi , Rismawan I Made
Published: July 2024

Stress has various impacts on hemodialysis patients. Stress in hemodialysis patients can cause physical symptoms (fatigue, muscle cramps, nausea, and vomiting), a decrease in quality of life, and non-compliance with self-management, one of which is compliance related to limiting fluid intake, thus adversely affecting on the patient's IDWG. IDWG is an important indicator for fluid monitoring in hemodialysis patients. Increasing IDWG that exceeds the tolerance limit can have a negative impact and can even cause mortality. This study aimed to determine the correlation between stress level and IDWG among hemodialysis patients. This study was conducted in the hemodialysis unit of RSD Mangusada, involving 95 respondents. This study was quantitative, with non-experimental research using a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was carried out with DASS questionnaires for stress and observation sheets for the IDWG. The data was analyzed using Pearson's Spearman Rank (α<0.05). Respondents with IDWG within tolerance limits were the majority unstressed, and none experienced severe stress or very severe stress. There is a positive and weak correlation between stress and IDWG among patients undergoing hemodialysis. The findings from this study may provide useful information in reviewing existing nursing care and standards of care provided in hemodialysis units, including the need to consider psychological assistance services in the care of hemodialysis patients. Qualitative research is needed to explore the in-depth experience of stress in hemodialysis patients and the factors associated with it.
Beyond Increasing Sample Sizes: Optimizing Effect Sizes in Neuroimaging Research on Individual Differences
Authors: DeYoung Colin G. , Hilger Kirsten , Hanson Jamie L. , Abend Rany , Allen Timothy , Beaty Roger , Blain Scott D. , Chavez Robert , Engel Stephen A. , Ma Feilong , Fornito Alex , Genç Erhan , Goghari Vina , Grazioplene Rachael G. , Homan Philipp , Joyner Keenan , Kaczkurkin Antonia N. , Latzman Robert D , Martin Elizabeth A , Nikolaidis Aki , Pickering Alan , Safron Adam , Sassenberg Tyler , Servaas Michelle , Smillie Luke D. , Spreng R. Nathan , Viding Essi , Wacker Jan
Published: July 2024

Linking neurobiology to relatively stable individual differences in cognition, emotion, motivation, and behavior can require large sample sizes to yield replicable results. Given the nature of between-person research, sample sizes at least in the hundreds are likely to be necessary in most neuroimaging studies of individual differences, regardless of whether they are investigating the whole brain or more focal hypotheses. However, the appropriate sample size depends on the expected effect size. Therefore, we propose four strategies to increase effect sizes in neuroimaging research, which may help to enable the detection of replicable between-person effects in samples in the hundreds rather than the thousands: (1) theoretical matching between neuroimaging tasks and behavioral constructs of interest; (2) increasing the reliability of both neural and psychological measurement; (3) individualization of measures for each participant; and (4) using multivariate approaches with cross-validation instead of univariate approaches. We discuss challenges associated with these methods and highlight strategies for improvements that will help the field to move toward a more robust and accessible neuroscience of individual differences.
Facilitators and Barriers to Neighborhood Social Integration
Authors: Fuchs Joelle , Shariq Deena , Yang Emily , Maya Giselle , Wilds Taylor L. , Mueller Collin , Gard Arianna M
Published: July 2024

Social isolation has reached concerning rates, particularly in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic. Social integration is critical to combatting social isolation and loneliness and for promoting feelings of belonging, however, most of this work centers fostering close personal relationships within family and friend networks. Social integration within the neighborhood context (e.g., chatting with neighbors, participating in local organizations) is another tool that can be used combat loneliness, but less is known about the process of social integration across various social identities. The current study examines variability in the patterns and mechanisms of neighborhood social integration across sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., developmental stage-social role, ethnic-racial identity, and housing tenure). Thematic analyses were conducted on semi-structured interviews with 29 residents of Wards 4 and 5 of Washington, D.C. Results suggested that relative to caregivers and community leaders, youth were far less socially integrated with their neighborhoods due to gentrification-induced transience and school choice programming. Despite sociodemographic differences in the perceived facilitators and barriers to neighborhood social integration, many residents called for more community programming and shared spaces to facilitate neighborhood connections.
Hackathon proceedings for: Perspectives on Scientific Error–Coordinating Quality Control in Practice
Authors: Isager Peder Mortvedt , van 't Veer Anna Elisabeth , Freeman Ze , Martinovici Ana , Breemer Ligaya , van Ravenzwaaij Don , Liem Cynthia C. S. , Hoekstra Rink , Rasti Sajedeh
Published: July 2024

To correct errors in the scientific record, researchers must dedicate time and attention to the task. However, time and attention are both extremely limited resources in science. Resource-efficient quality control that targets the scientific output most in need of correction is a crucial part of facilitating effective scientific self-correction in practice. This piece summarizes a one-day hackathon that took place during the Perspectives on Scientific Error conference in 2024. The hackathon was devoted to discussing how scientific fields such as psychology can coordinate scientific quality control work in practice in three situations: 1) for promotions and getting tenure, 2) at journals during pre- and post-publication stages, and 3) in error detection projects. These hackathon proceedings contain a summary of these three discussions, as well as a summary of topics brought up during the general discussion (see end of piece). We believe this can serve as a starting point for further discussion about how to select studies to scrutinize during pre-, and post-publication stages within and across different fields.
Functional Morphology of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus' Sail: Thermoregulation, Display or Hydrodynamic?
Authors: Hu Tyler
Published: July 2024

This literature review aims to gain a deeper understanding of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus’s dorsal sail regarding its function as thermoregulation, display, or hydrodynamic. The function of S. aegyptiacus’s dorsal sail has been widely debated for many years. The three most popular hypotheses are that it was used as a biological mechanism of thermoregulation, display, or hydrodynamic. The display hypothesis includes attracting mates, intimidating rivals, and social communication with other members. This literature review delves into each of the three hypotheses using past studies and excavation sites to analyze their validity. For the hydrodynamic aspect, the lifestyle of S. aegyptiacus must first be established. Based on existing research, we cannot conclude that there is a definitive primary function of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus’s dorsal sail. However, it is likely that its sail served the crucial function of display, since it would have a large surface area and could thus be a distinguishable characteristic of S. aegyptiacus that could determine mating success. Additionally, it is probable that the sail had supplementary roles in thermoregulation and hydrodynamics.
Quantifying UncertAInty: Testing the Accuracy of LLMs’ Confidence Judgments
Authors: Cash Trent N. , Oppenheimer Daniel M. , Christie Sara
Published: July 2024

The rise of Large Language Model (LLM) chatbots, such as ChatGPT and Gemini, has revolutionized how we access information. These LLMs can answer a wide array of questions, including those for which the answer is uncertain, such as predictions about future events. For example, a user may ask an LLM to predict whether a stock will go up in the next week or if they will earn an A on their final exam. When humans make these predictions, they often accompany their responses with metacognitive confidence judgments indicating their belief in the accuracy of their prediction. LLMs are certainly capable of – and willing to – provide confidence judgments, but it is currently unclear how meaningful or accurate these confidence judgments are. To fill this gap in the literature, the present studies investigate the capability of LLMs to quantify uncertainty through confidence judgments. We evaluate the absolute and relative accuracy of confidence judgments from two LLMs (ChatGPT and Gemini) compared to human participants across three prediction domains: NFL game winners (Study 1a; n = 502), Oscar award winners (Study 1b; n = 109), and future Pictionary performance (Study 2; n = 164). Our findings reveal that LLMs’ confidence judgments closely align with those of humans in terms of accuracy, biases, and errors. However, unlike humans, LLMs struggle to adjust their confidence judgments based on past performance, highlighting a key area for improvement in their design.
What do Large Language Models ‘think’ determines occupational prestige?
Authors: de Vries Robert , Hill Mark , Ruis Laura
Published: July 2024

In this paper we ask a Large Language Model (GPT-4o) to rate the social status associated with a list of common occupations. We then ask it to justify these judgements. Based on the rationale that the associations present in Large Language Models represent a reflection of human opinions and biases, we analyse the model’s responses in relation to existing theory and evidence on the determinants of occupational prestige. We find that GPT-4o invokes a number of well-established determinants of occupational prestige – including economic rewards, education and training, social value, and authority over others. However, we also find that the model raises a number of determinants that have been largely overlooked in the existing occupational prestige literature – including, most notably, the ‘visibility’/fame associated with a particular profession.
Enhancement-Mode GaN Transistor Technology for Harsh Environment Operation
Authors: Fukami Kai , Kumar Sagar , Abdullah  , Mizuno Yuji , Palavicino Tomás Espinoza
Published: July 2024

This letter reports an enhancement-mode (E- mode) GaN transistor technology which has been demonstrated to operate in a simulated Venus environ-ment (460 ◦C, ∼ 92 atm., containing CO2/N2/SO2 etc.) for10 days. The robustness of the W/p-GaN-gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) was evaluated by two complementary approaches, (1) in-situ electrical char- acterization, which revealed proper transistor operation (including E-mode VTH with <0.09 V variation) in extreme environments; and (2) advanced microscopy investigation of the device after test, which highlighted the effect of the stress conditions on the epitaxial and device structures. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first demonstration and comprehensive analysis of E-mode GaN transistors in such harsh environments.
Wirksamkeit von Umweltbildung: Ein Überblick über internationale Meta-Analysen
Authors: Nachbauer Max
Published: July 2024

Der Erfolg von Umweltbildung hängt wesentlich davon ab, welche pädagogischen Methoden verwendet werden. Um geeignete pädagogische Methoden zu ermitteln, erscheint eine evidenzbasierte Vorgehensweise aussichtsreich, bei der Befunde aus empirischen Wirksamkeitsstudien genutzt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Überblick über internationale MetaAnalysen gegeben, die die Wirksamkeit von Umweltbildung untersuchen. Im Rahmen der Literaturrecherche wurden fünf MetaAnalysen identifiziert, die Effekte auf ökologisches Wissen, Einstellungen oder Verhalten der Adressat/innen überprüfen. Die Befunde der MetaAnalysen sprechen dafür, dass aktives Lernen/handlungsorientiertes Lernen, Modellieren durch ein Vorbild, Anregen zum Ziele setzen, Selbstverpflichtungen, Erzeugen von kognitiven Dissonanzen, vielfältige Lernaktivitäten, Naturerfahrungen und Achtsamkeitstrainings lernförderliche Effekte haben. Diese Befunde werden abschließend vor dem Hintergrund von Stärken und Limitationen der Forschungsübersicht diskutiert.
Herausforderungen für Schule und Bildung in Japan: Ungewissheit und Destabilisierung von Tradition
Authors: Urabe Masashi
Published: July 2024

Von Schule wird in Japan üblicherweise erwartet, einerseits als lokales Gemeindezentrum zu fungieren, die Kinder kollektiv zu disziplinieren und Prüfungswissen zu vermitteln. Andererseits wird auch gefordert, den Kindern eine neue Welt zu eröffnen, sie zu Selbstständigkeit und Solidarität zu erziehen sowie Wissen und Werte vor dem Hintergrund weltgesellschaftlich pluraler Perspektiven zu vermitteln. Mit der zunehmenden Digitalisierung der Weltgesellschaft kommen weitere Herausforderungen auf die japanische Schule und Bildung zu. Traditionen geraten ins Wanken und die Zukunft wird unberechenbar. Deshalb ist Schule herausgefordert, auch mit den daraus resultierenden Widersprüchen umzugehen. Der Artikel skizziert das traditionelle Verständnis der japanischen Schule und zeichnet gleichzeitig nach, auf welche neue Entwicklungen das japanische Schulsystem zusteuert.
Sistematización de prácticas educativas en proyectos integradores hacia la construcción social de conocimientos (exploración teórica)
Authors: Aviña Godínez Jorge Alán , Vázquez Soto Marco Antonio , Solís Campos Alicia
Published: July 2024

Esta investigación, que parte de un proyecto más amplio, explora las posibilidades metodológicas que ofrece la sistematización de la práctica educativa como corriente epistemológica propia del pensamiento latinoamericano frente a la necesidad de reorientar los proyectos integradores de las universidades tecnológicas de México hacia una interacción democrática, participativa e inclusiva. La finalidad es generar conocimiento científico y disciplinar que facilite la creación de proyectos orientados al combate de las asimetrías e injusticias propiciadas por los modelos económicos neoliberales. A través del método de revisión documental, se identifica la capacidad de visibilización, recuperación, reconstrucción, triangulación y análisis de las prácticas educativas, lo que permite un diagnóstico profundo de ellas y facilita su tratamiento.
RESEARCH OF FIRE RESISTANCE OF REACTIVE TYPE COATING IN HYDROCARBON FIRE CONDITIONS
Authors: Vakhitov Ramil ,   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Kalafat Kostyantyn , Taran Nadiya , Rayenko Gennadiy , Shologon Viktor , Vakhitova Liubov ,   L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry NAN of Ukraine,   L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry NAN of Ukraine,   L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry NAN of Ukraine,   L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry NAN of Ukraine,   L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry NAN of Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to compare the efficiency of reactive fire protection coatings in modelling scenarios of standard and hydrocarbon fires. Methodology. Fire tests were carried out in a small-scale furnace, as regulated by DSTU EN 16623:2015. The linear coefficient of swelling K was determined in accordance with DSTU-N P B V.1.1-29:2010, and the strength of the char layer was measured using a ST-2 structurometer. The chemical structure of the thermolysis products of the fireproof coatings was studied by IR spectroscopy. Results. The study proposes an experimental protocol for assessing the strength of swollen coatings on steel plates under the influence of a standard and hydrocarbon fire. The evaluation method is based on monitoring the physical integrity and mechanical stability of the char-insulating layer formed from the reactive coating under high temperatures. It has been found that the reactive-type coating under the influence of a standard and hydrocarbon fire forms heat-protective char layers, the degree of swelling, mechanical strength and adhesion of which to the metal plate are proportional and differ on average by up to 10 %. It has been concluded that the studied coating Ammokote MW-120 can be used for fire protection of steel structures operated under potential conditions of hydrocarbon fire. Scientific novelty. The study proposes a simple and reliable method for assessing the possibility of using reactive-type coatings for fire protection of metal structures intended for use and certified for standard fire conditions in hydrocarbon fires. Pactical significance is to expand the scope of application of Ammokote MW-120 coating for fire protection of steel structures under the influence of standard and hydrocarbon fires. Keywords: fire protection of steel structures, hydrocarbon fire, intumescent coating, swelling coefficient.
ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВОДОЮ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА ВРАЖЕНИХ ВІЙНОЮ ТЕРЕНАХ
Authors: Kostenko Viktor ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Tavrel Maryna , Bohomaz Olha ,   Donetsk National Technical University,   Donetsk National Technical University
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Development of a plant for the preparation of process water of a cement plant, which will allow, at a low cost, to obtain heat-stabilized water of high quality all year round, which would meet the requirements of concrete production. Methodology. A comprehensive research method was used, which includes an analysis of literary sources, an overview of water quality requirements and methods of water preparation at concrete enterprises. Results. Based on the analysis of regulatory documents regarding the quality of water used in concrete production, a water treatment complex has been proposed that solves the problem of water purification to the required quality and thermal stabilization. To prevent the formation of unwanted algae and bacteria, a qualitatively new design of a recirculation aerator capable of saturating water in shallow open water bodies has been offered. By using a geothermal heat exchanger, the water temperature in summer is up to +20°C, and in winter it is not lower than +8°C. In conditions of energy shortage, the installation uses a wind farm, which allows to save money on operation or even make a profit. Scientific novelty. A complex for water preparation for the needs of concrete plants is proposed, which solves the problem of water purification to the required quality and its thermal stabilization. Practical significance. Equipping a plant for the production of a wide range of building materials with a plant for the preparation of process water will make it possible to obtain purified thermally stabilized water from a natural open water body, suitable for sealing the concrete mass and increase the service life of the equipment of the concrete plant. Keywords: aerator, construction enterprise, water treatment, thermal stabilization of water, wind energy.
Bovine Hydatidosis: Prevalence and Economic Implication in Torra Municipality Abattoir, Central Ethiopia Region
Authors: Nuriye Hussein , Geinoro Tariku , Mulugeta Wubshet , Banata Miessa
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hydatid cysts and assess their direct economic impact. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design to examine cattle slaughtered in the Torra Municipal Abattoir, in which 384 bovine species were systematically selected. Results: Out of the 384 slaughtered animals, 66 were found to have bovine hydatid cysts. A total of 112 cysts were collected, 44 (39.29%) of which were viable and 68 (60.71%) calcified. All examined organs showed hydatid cysts, but livers and lungs were most commonly affected, while tongues had the least amount. In terms of viable cysts, lung and liver contained the highest proportions, followed by heart and tongue. Consequently, the lung was the organ that was often impacted and had the greatest number of cysts. It was calculated that US$ 2,909 was lost annually as a direct economic loss. The animal's origin and sex did not significantly affect the infection rate statistically (p greater than 0.05). Similarly, there was no significant difference with age (p greater than 0.05). Conclusions: The study revealed a notable prevalence and economic impact of bovine hydatidosis in the study area. Therefore, it is crucial to implement effective control and preventive measures to mitigate the impact of disease's impact on public health.
Percepción del alumnado universitario sobre la eficacia de la Inteligencia Artificial en el aprendizaje del inglés
Authors: Gragera Rocío
Published: July 2024

Introducción: Este estudio analiza la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios sobre el uso de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en el aprendizaje del inglés para fines específicos, utilizando herramientas como ChatGPT y Grammarly. Metodología: Se utilizó una encuesta abierta a los estudiantes de Ingeniería y Lenguas Modernas de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Las respuestas se analizaron cualitativamente con el software IRaMuTeQ, permitiendo realizar análisis estadísticos y textuales. Resultados: Los estudiantes reportaron mejoras en la producción escrita y el control del lenguaje técnico y académico gracias a la IA. Se destaca la necesidad de una integración más activa y personalizada de estas herramientas. Discusión: La percepción general del alumnado sobre la IA es positiva, pero los estudiantes también sugieren que las herramientas deben ser más personalizadas y utilizadas con mayor frecuencia. El estudio revela que, aunque la IA ha demostrado ser efectiva en la mejora de habilidades lingüísticas, es crucial que se adapte a las necesidades específicas de cada estudiante y contexto profesional. Conclusiones: La IA es una herramienta valiosa en la educación lingüística, facilitando la adquisición de habilidades esenciales para el éxito profesional.
Experimental Study for the Thermal Conductivity of Micro and Nano fluids by Using Copper and Titanium Oxide
Authors: Shyaa Alwan Muwafaq
Published: July 2024

In this article experimentally investigations have been carried out to study the effect of the size and type particles on the thermal conductivity of micro and nanofluids. The study investigated nanofluids and microfluids which containing copper (Cu) and titanium oxide (TiO2) as well as in the size and type of micro and nanoparticles in distilled water as base fluid with different particles size and concentrations. The experimental results emphasized the enhancement of the thermal conductivity due to the nanoparticles presence in the fluid greater than microfluids, also shown the effect of the particle size and concentration on the thermal conductivity. It has been recognized that the addition of highly conductive particles can significantly increase the thermal conductivity of heat – transfer fluids. Particles in the micro and nano – size range have attracted the most interest because of their enhanced stability against sedimentation and, as a result, reduction in potential for clogging a flow system. Furthermore the results showed that, they obtained thermal conductivities doubtlessly revealed that a size and type particle was a key factor affecting conductive heat transport in suspensions. These results show noticeable enhancement in the thermal conductivity were evaluated to be (7.66 %, 2.35 %) for the Cu, TiO2 – distilled water nanofluid while reaches to (3.23 %, 1.02 %) for the Cu, TiO2 – distilled water micro fluids at the concentration of (5 vol. %) and at the room temperature. Moreover thermal conductivity was increased for the nanofluids and microfluids which contains large particle size compared with that contains small particle size. A good agreement was found between the experimental obtained data for this paper and other results from published papers
Infection rates during eras of intrathecal antibiotic use followed by antibiotic-impregnated catheter use in prevention of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection
Authors: Simon Tamara D. , Hayati Rezvan Panteha , Coffin Susan E. , Hall Matthew , Hauptman Jason S. , Kronman Matthew P. , Mangano Francesco T. , Podkovik Stacey , Pollack Ian F. , Schaffzin Joshua K. , Thorell Emily , Warf Benjamin C. , Zhou Chuan , Whitlock Kathryn B.
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

The Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) implemented a perioperative infection prevention bundle for all CSF shunt surgeries in 2007 that included the relatively unproven technique of intrathecal instillation of the broad-spectrum antibiotics vancomycin and gentamicin into the shunt. In the meantime, the field debated the use of antibiotic-impregnated catheter (AIC) shunt tubing using clindamycin and rifampin, an increasingly widespread, but expensive and controversial, technique. It is unknown whether there were changes in infecting organisms associated with the use of these techniques during CSF shunt surgery at the hospital level. Key comparison periods include during the use of intrathecal antibiotics (period 1 from June 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011, at HCRN hospitals) and AIC (period 2 from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2015, at HCRN as well as increasing over time at non-HCRN hospitals) and only standard use of routine prophylactic antibiotics (period 1 at non-HCRN hospitals). The aim of this study was to examine rates of CSF shunt surgery–related infections from 2007 to 2012 at the hospital level, including HCRN and non-HCRN hospitals, with a focus on infections with gram-negative organisms.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective observational cohort study at 6 children’s hospitals with enrollment from 2007 to 2012 and surveillance through 2015. Bimonthly rates of shunt surgery–related infections were summarized to produce an overall hospital-specific time series, as well as by HCRN/non-HCRN status. An interrupted time series analysis was performed to assess the impact of change in HCRN perioperative infection prevention bundle on overall bimonthly infection rates. Quarterly rates of gram-negative shunt surgery–related infections were summarized to produce an overall hospital-specific time series.

RESULTS

The overall bimonthly CSF shunt infection rate over time did not change significantly from 2007 to 2012. There was no difference in the trajectory of infection rates between HCRN and non-HCRN hospitals during the entire study period. No change in distributions of gram-negative organism infections was observed in hospitals from 2007 to 2015.

CONCLUSIONS

There were no differences observed in hospital-level infection rates for low-risk patients undergoing CSF shunt surgery. This included analyses based on participation in the HCRN network, given their regular use of intrathecal antibiotics in period 1 and a focus on gram-negative infections with increasing adoption of AICs in period 2.
Surgical decompression in spinal Paget’s disease: illustrative case
Authors: Price Anthony , File Christopher , Call-Orellana Francisco , Andrade de Almeida Romulo Augusto , North Robert Y
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) is a common bone metabolic pathology in older adults, characterized by mixed osteolytic, osteoblastic, and quiescent periods. Surgical guidelines for PDB involving the spine are not well-defined and are reserved for cases refractory to medical treatments, typically bisphosphonates like zoledronic acid. This case study describes a 52-year-old male with PDB who presented with rapidly progressing myelopathy symptoms refractory to standard medical treatment, warranting surgical decompression.

OBSERVATIONS

Surgical decompression and fusion, involving laminectomy with partial facetectomies, placement of pedicle screw instrumentation, and posterolateral arthrodesis spanning beyond the pathological segment, was performed. Follow-up visits indicated progressive improvement in symptoms and mobility, and imaging showed stable postsurgical changes with increased sclerosis in the affected vertebrae on a 2-year postsurgical course.

LESSONS

This case underscores that PDB of the spine can transition from asymptomatic to significant impairment and demonstrates that surgical intervention can provide effective symptomatic relief in myelopathy secondary to PDB. The case contributes to the growing evidence of the effectiveness of surgical decompression in PDB involving the spine.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24203