bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From reactionary to activist: a model that works
Authors: Harbottle Celia , R. Jones Maria , M. Thompson Lee
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to invite readers to consider a model of compassionate leadership to contribute to the prevention of abuse in collective care settings.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper examines a model of leadership based on theories of attachment and parenting and draws on evidence from practice. The framework, which we call Total Attachment, originated in a foster care organisation which was designed around the approach as a way of supporting carers to care for children who were, largely deemed as unfosterable. It explores literature examining workplace culture and the potential for detachment as workers try to survive their employment. It then offers an approach which has been adopted by a Safeguarding Adults partnership to implement a prevention framework into collective care settings for older people. This has placed Total Attachment at the heart of its promotion of compassionate care giving.

Findings

– Consultation from the launch of the prevention framework indicated that Total Attachment had a resonance with providers and was readily understood and its value, tangible as a whole systems approach to enabling compassionate caring. The efficacy of the model in supporting workers to be resilient and effective is quantified by data from the foster organisation.

Research limitations/implications

– Total Attachment draws on transference of practice learning and experience across life span services. Attachment theory is largely considered a framework informing child care, however, this model recognises the attachment story across the life span.

Practical implications

– This model shows how compassionate care can be led rather than simply taught; how carers and workers can be shown a way of working that connects deeply with their own need for care giving and care seeking.

Originality/value

– This paper shares creative, innovative practice that can be implemented in services across the life span. It offers a model for leading compassionate care in a whole systems approach with an evidence base of its efficacy.
Making Safeguarding Personal: developing responses and enhancing skills
Authors: Manthorpe Jill , Klee Deborah , Williams Cathie , Cooper Adi
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to contextualise and summarise the Making Safeguarding Personal programme and to place this in the context of early developments in research-based evidence.

Design/methodology/approach

– A programme of sector led improvement in local council adult safeguarding arrangements was carried out in four English local councils by the Local Government Association and other stakeholders. Support was provided to four local council test bed sites to assist them to test and adapt different approaches to adult safeguarding that placed emphasis on outcomes and on approaches to mediation to assist vulnerable adults to improve their circumstances.

Findings

– Key findings from the test bed sites are that it may be possible to consider the outcomes of safeguarding interventions from “user” perspectives and that it appears that practitioners may welcome support with taking forward methods of mediation and work with family networks. These activities reflect an interest in developing practice responses and measures of effectiveness.

Originality/value

– Councils will need to develop measures of the effectiveness of safeguarding arrangements and sector led improvements can contribute to these from a “bottom up” perspective. Practitioners often welcome opportunities to reflect on and to invest in responses to cases of alleged and proven abuse and neglect.
The influence of project team relationships on cost growth
Authors: Dada Martin Oloruntobi
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– Using projects executed with both traditional and integrated procurement methods, the study sought to investigate relationships that exist among project participants and the influence of those relationships on cost growth. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– Questionnaires were administered among 274 construction projects located in 12 states including the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Responses were obtained from 96 projects. Data were subjected to both descriptive and inferential analyses.

Findings

– In terms of cordiality, relationships between client and contractors ranked highest, while those among in-house project teams ranked lowest. Cost growth or cost overrun is significantly correlated with client-contractor relationship, consultant-contractor relationship, client-consultant-contractor relationship and in-house team relationships. No association between procurement method and cost growth was found.

Research limitations/implications

– The limitation of generalizability of results due to the sampling method used is acknowledged. One implication of the findings is that in the context of this research, any explanation for cost growth has to be found outside procurement methods.

Practical implications

– Findings may assist project participants on variables to consider in anticipating, preventing or managing cost growth in building construction projects, beyond formularization of contracts and structures.

Originality/value

– The research has uniquely investigated the association between intangible project team relationships and tangible variable of cost growth.
The rules of engagement: physician engagement strategies in intergroup contexts
Authors: A. Kreindler Sara , K. Larson Bridget , M. Wu Frances , N. Gbemudu Josette , L. Carluzzo Kathleen , Struthers Ashley , D. Van Citters Aricca , M. Shortell Stephen , C. Nelson Eugene , S. Fisher Elliott
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– Recognition of the importance and difficulty of engaging physicians in organisational change has sparked an explosion of literature. The social identity approach, by considering engagement in terms of underlying group identifications and intergroup dynamics, may provide a framework for choosing among the plethora of proposed engagement techniques. This paper seeks to address this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors examined how four disparate organisations engaged physicians in change. Qualitative methods included interviews (109 managers and physicians), observation, and document review.

Findings

– Beyond a universal focus on relationship-building, sites differed radically in their preferred strategies. Each emphasised or downplayed professional and/or organisational identity as befit the existing level of inter-group closeness between physicians and managers: an independent practice association sought to enhance members' identity as independent physicians; a hospital, engaging community physicians suspicious of integration, stressed collaboration among separate, equal partners; a developing integrated-delivery system promoted alignment among diverse groups by balancing “systemness” with subgroup uniqueness; a medical group established a strong common identity among employed physicians, but practised pragmatic co-operation with its affiliates.

Research limitations/implications

– The authors cannot confirm the accuracy of managers' perceptions of the inter-group context or the efficacy of particular strategies. Nonetheless, the findings suggested the fruitfulness of social identity thinking in approaching physician engagement.

Practical implications

– Attention to inter-group dynamics may help organisations engage physicians more effectively.

Originality/value

– This study illuminates and explains variation in the way different organisations engage physicians, and offers a theoretical basis for selecting engagement strategies.
Healthcare system performance improvement
Authors: Gauld Robin , Burgers Jako , Dobrow Mark , Minhas Rubin , Wendt Claus , B. Cohen Alan , Luxford Karen
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– Evidence suggests that healthcare system performance may be improved with policy emphasis on primary care, quality improvement, and information technology. The authors therefore sought to investigate the extent to which policy makers in seven countries are emphasizing these areas.

Design/methodology/approach

– Policies in these three areas in seven high-income countries were compared. A comparative descriptive approach was taken in which each of the country-specialist authors supplied information on key policies and developments pertaining to primary care, quality improvement and information technology, supplemented with routine data.

Findings

– Each of the seven countries faces similar challenges with healthcare system performance, yet differs in emphasis on the three key policy areas; efforts in each are, at best, patchy. The authors conclude that there is substantial scope for policy makers to further emphasize primary care, quality improvement and information technology if aiming for high-performing healthcare systems.

Originality/value

– This is the first study to investigate policy-makers' commitment to key areas known to improve health system performance. The comparative method illustrates the different emphases that countries have placed on primary care, quality improvement and information technology development.
Implementing change in physiotherapy: professions, contexts and interventions
Authors: Sanders Tom , Nio Ong Bie , Sowden Gail , Foster Nadine
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to report findings from qualitative interviews with physiotherapists to demonstrate why even minor changes to clinical work resulting from the introduction of new interventions, are often difficult to implement. The paper seeks to illustrate how some of the obstacles to implementing change were managed by physiotherapists.

Design/methodology/approach

– A total of 32 qualitative interviews with participating physiotherapists were conducted, 12 interviews prior to the introduction of the new system, and 20 afterwards. The interviews were coded and analysed thematically.

Findings

– The findings reveal a number of perceived limitations of current management of low back pain and identify key themes around convergence with the new approach, such as willingness by physiotherapists to adopt the new approach, the perception of benefits to adopting the new approach, as well as some difficulty in adjusting to it. The authors refer to the positive and negative elements as “soft” and “hard” disruption. The adoption of the new approach is explored with reference to the “situated” dimensions of physiotherapy practice and normalisation process theory.

Research limitations/implications

– The study raises the need to conduct future observational research to support the interview findings.

Originality/value

– The study describes the “situated” components of physiotherapy work, which have received limited research attention. The value of the study lies less in its ability to explain specifically why physiotherapists adopted or rejected the new system, but in describing the conditions and consequences of change that might be translated to other professions, contexts and interventions.
Co-delivered and co-produced: creating a recovery college in partnership
Authors: Meddings Sara , Byrne Diana , Barnicoat Su , Campbell Emogen , Locks Lucy
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the process of using a co-production partnership approach in the development of a Recovery College pilot.

Design/methodology/approach

– This is a case study of the co-production process, using action research to learn from ongoing reflection, mid-project review and feedback questionnaires.

Findings

– The partnership process is an integral and valued aspect of the Recovery College. Challenges include different organisational cultures and processes and the additional time required. Mutual respect, appreciation of different expertise, communication, a shared vision and development plan have been key to success. The paper focused on governance and fidelity; recruitment and training; curriculum development and evaluation. People are enthusiastic and motivated. Co-production and equal partnership are a valuable approach to developing a Recovery College.

Originality/value

– At present many regions are developing Recovery Colleges. This paper describes one approach and shows that co-production is valuable to the process of developing a Recovery College.
Mental health interprofessional education for health professions students: bridging the gaps
Authors: McAllister Margaret , Statham Dixie , Oprescu Florin , Barr Nigel , Schmidt Teressa , Boulter Christine , Taylor Penny , McMillan Jo , Jackson Shauna , Raith Lisa
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– Government-run mental health services in Australia run predominantly on a multidisciplinary team (MDT) model. Literature and observation from practice shows that interprofessional tertiary sector training is absent, ad hoc or not documented, leaving students inadequately prepared for disciplinary differences in opinions and practices. Learning in interprofessional educational settings provides one way of overcoming the difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to describe the outcomes of an interprofessional learning experience targeting final year Australian students enroled in health promotion, registered nursing, enroled nursing, paramedic science, psychology, social work and occupational therapy who are intending to work in mental health teams.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using a mixed method, pre- and post-test design (four time intervals), with data collected from three scales and open-ended questions, this study measured participant changes in knowledge and attitudes towards interprofessional education and mental health. The study also examined students’ and educators’ perceptions of the value of an interprofessional teaching and learning model.

Findings

– There was a significant increase in clinical confidence at each time interval, suggesting that the intervention effects were maintained up to three months post-training. Themes about the value of interprofessional learning in mental health were extracted from student data: learning expanded students’ appreciation for difference; this in turn expanded students’ cross-disciplinary communication skills; growing appreciation for diverse world views was seen to be relevant to person-centred mental healthcare; and practice articulating one's own disciplinary views clarified professional identity.

Research limitations/implications

– Generalisability of the outcomes beyond the disciplines sampled in this research is limited. MDTs typically include doctors, but we were unable to include medical students because the university did not offer a medical programme. The readiness for participation in a collaborative MDT approach may differ among students groups, disciplines and universities and technical and further educations. There may also be differences not accounted for in these findings between undergraduate students and established healthcare professionals. Further research needs to establish whether the findings are applicable to other student groups and to professionals who already work within MDTs.

Originality/value

– These results demonstrate that intensive interprofessional learning experiences in tertiary education can be effective means of increasing students’ awareness of the role of other professionals in MDT.
Mapping supply chain strategy: an industry analysis
Authors: Nag Barin , Han Chaodong , Yao Dong-qing
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– In manufacturing industries, the levels of inventories at all stages (i.e. raw material, work-in-process and finished goods inventories) indicate the firm's competitive positioning, strategies, internal processes and relationships with suppliers and downstream customers. The authors identify patterns of manufacturing industries based on levels of raw material and finished goods inventories to classify inbound and outbound supply chain strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors review literature on supply chain inventory strategy and perform cluster analysis to analyze patterns of manufacturing industries based on manufacturing industry data collected from US Census of Bureau. Following Porter's Five Forces Model, the authors perform in-depth case studies of four representative industries to analyze factors driving supply chain strategies, including industry intensity of rivalry, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of suppliers, and bargaining power of buyers.

Findings

– This study identifies three streams of research on supply chain strategy: Fisher's model and its variations, lean and agile paradigms, and push/pull systems. It finds that whether an industry shows low or high raw materials or finished goods inventories depending on its products, processes, and the dynamics of all forces described in the Five Forces Model.

Research limitations/implications

– This study is not able to include supplier selection, production strategies, warehousing and distribution, and even product design into the analysis of supply chain strategy due to data limitation. This study classifies industries based on average inventory levels of raw materials and finished goods, while inventory levels and supply chain strategies for specific firms may vary significantly within each industry.

Originality/value

– This study contributes to the supply chain management literature by providing a parsimonious framework of mapping inbound and outbound supply chain inventory strategies, and the results based on the analyses of all US manufacturing industries provide a baseline picture for supply chain management professionals with manufacturing firms.
Design benefits, emotional responses, and brand engagement
Authors: Franzak Frank , Makarem Suzanne , Jae Haeran
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The objective of this paper is to develop a better understanding of brand engagement by examining two of its antecedents: design benefits and consumer emotions. The authors explore the relationship between design and brand engagement and advance a model with emotional responses as mediator.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper integrates a range of theoretical works across design and marketing, including concepts of product design, types of design benefits, brand engagement, and brand communities.

Findings

– The authors propose a conceptual model where emotional arousal, which differs across design benefits, mediates the relationship between design benefits and brand engagement. Brand engagement intensifies with emotional arousal as design benefits change from functional, to hedonic, to symbolic.

Research limitations/implications

– The conceptual model proposed in this paper can have significant applications in the areas of product design, branding strategies, and brand communications. However, it has not been tested empirically.

Practical implications

– The resulting model improves understanding of how marketers can use design to elicit different forms of brand engagement. Implications for marketers include planning brand engagement outcomes early in the product or service development process; involving consumers in that process, clearly communicating the benefits of the design; and supporting venues where brand engagement of different types can be practiced.

Originality/value

– Brand engagement is unique brand-related behavior that has received limited attention in the design and marketing literatures. The proposed model offers a look at brand engagement from a design perspective, while emphasizing the role of consumers' emotional responses to design benefits.
Customers' relational models as determinants of customer engagement value
Authors: D. Kaltcheva Velitchka , Patino Anthony , V. Laric Michael , A. Pitta Dennis , Imparato Nicholas
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The authors apply Alan P. Fiske's relational models framework to customers' engagement with service firms – specifically, they propose that customers who hold different relational models for the service firm are likely to engage with the firm in dissimilar ways, thus generating different types of customer engagement value for the firm. Fiske's relational models framework is eminently suitable for studying customer-service firm engagement because it is widely adopted in the social sciences as a rigorously developed framework for conceptualizing social interactions.

Design/methodology/approach

– The article bridges Fiske's relational models framework and Kumar et al.'s customer engagement value framework, and conceptually demonstrates that customers employing different relational models for the service firm are likely to generate different types of customer engagement value for the firm.

Findings

– The article demonstrates conceptually that customers' relational models, schemata, and scripts influence how consumers engage with the firm and the type of customer engagement value accruing to the firm.

Research limitations/implications

– This research has implications for service firms' relationship strategies. First, service marketers can determine the desired customer engagement value(s) and then craft their customer relationship strategy so that it maximizes those engagement value(s). The article suggests relationship strategies that service firms may implement for encouraging customers to adopt different relational models.

Originality/value

– No research has bridged relational models theories and customer engagement value theories.
Empirical test of a new product evolutionary cycle
Authors: W.T. Lau Eddy
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the drivers of change in product evolution and to examine the relationship between company performance and active management of the driving forces behind product changes.

Design/methodology/approach

– An exploratory and qualitative research approach was adopted to explore the drivers of change and the definition of active management of forces. In the second stage, an analytical and quantitative research approach was adopted to examine the relationship between company performance and active management measures. A questionnaire survey was used in both stages to collect data.

Findings

– Contrary to the traditional product evolutionary cycle, influential bodies (e.g. NGOs and media) are found to be another force that drives product evolution, in addition to managerial creativity, market factors and government mediation. Except for government mediation, the active management of all these forces is found to be associated with company performance.

Research limitations/implications

– The research was conducted in the real estate industry of Hong Kong. The particular nature of the industry would have a bearing on the outcome of the research. Extending the research to other industries is highly recommended.

Practical implications

– The research leads to a number of management practices that define the active management of product change driving forces. The implementation of these practices may have a positive impact on improving company performance, especially in brand recognition.

Originality/value

– This is the first empirical test of a new product evolutionary cycle that incorporates influential bodies as one of the driving forces. The approach to correlate company performance with active management of forces is also a pioneer one that gives useful insight on why some firms can maintain leadership in the market in terms of brand recognition.
Integration between real estate equity and non-real estate equity
Authors: Olaleye Abel , Ekemode Benjamin
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The paper examined the long-run relationship between real estate equity (property listed stock) and non-real estate equity (common stock) in the Nigerian capital market and established the integration between the investments. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– The data collected comprised quarterly returns on property listed stock and All Share Index for the period of January 1999-December 2011. The calculated quarterly returns of the investments were subjected to the Philip-Person unit root test after which the integration between the investments was analysed using the Johansson integration test.

Findings

– The results showed that real estate equity performed better the non-real estate equity but with corresponding higher risk level. Also, real estate equity had a slightly lower performance when compared with non-real estate equity on return/risk ratio basis. The findings showed that property listed stock (real estate equity) was integrated with common stock or non-real estate equity and suggest that the Nigerian listed property stock, by nature, was similar to REITs. This result negates the belief that property listed stock's returns are integrated with direct real estate market and are often influenced by the returns of the underlying direct real estate assets.

Practical implications

– The paper implied that while investors could consider investing in real estate equity and earn better return than investing in common equity in the Nigerian capital market, the inclusion of both in a domestic portfolio could be expected to bring little or no diversification benefit.

Originality/value

– The paper is one of the few attempts at assessing the long-run relationship between property listed stock as a form of real estate equity and non-real estate equity and especially from African emerging market perspective.
Investigating the nature of nonlinearity in Indian Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
Authors: Madhavan Vinodh
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to first, test for nonlinearity in Local Indian Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) listed at NSE, India – NIFTYBEES, JUNIORBEES, BANKBEES, PSUBANKBEES, and INFRABEES – using a battery of nonlinearity tests; second, to ascertain, using both metric and topological approaches, the adequacy of appropriate AR-GARCH models when it comes to capturing all of the nonlinearity in Indian ETFs; and third, to test for chaos in Indian ETFs.

Design/methodology/approach

– To start with, a battery of tests such as and limited to McLeod Li test, Engle's LM test, TsayF-test, Hinich Bispectrum Test and Hinich Bicorrelation test were employed to test for nonlinearity in Indian ETFs. Subsequently, the nature of nonlinearity in all the ETFs was systematically investigated by subjecting the ETF data sets to a metric (BDS test) and a topological test (close returns tests) at different stages of the model-building process. Finally, Lyapunov Exponent test was employed to test for chaos in Indian ETFs.

Findings

– Test outcomes pertaining to a battery of nonlinearity tests indicate prevalence of nonlinearity amidst all ETFs except for INFRABEES. BDS test outcomes at the different stages of the model-building process indicated high sensitivity of the test outcomes to choice of embedding dimension, threshold value and residual transformations. Close returns test outcomes indicated that, but for BANKBEES, all of the nonlinearity in Indian ETFs could be captured by appropriate GARCH models. Finally, chaos was found to be absent in any of the ETFs considered for this study.

Practical implications

– The collective take-way from this study is threefold in nature. First, in light of the many limitations of the BDS test, topological approaches such as close-returns test offer a better avenue to test for adequacy of AR-GARCH models in explaining the nature of nonlinearity in asset price movements. Second, adequacy of AR-GARCH models in capturing all of the nonlinearity in NIFTYBEES, JUNIORBEES, PSUBANKBEES, and INFRABEES, as indicated by close-returns test findings, is a reflection of multiplicative nature of nonlinearity in these five ETFs. Third, persistence of nonlinearity in AR-GARCH filtered standardized residuals of BANKBEES, coupled with the absence of chaos in any of the ETFs considered for this study, brings to light the possibility of existence of additive nonlinearity in conjunction with multiplicative nonlinearity.

Originality/value

– This is possibly the first study that systematically investigates the nature of nonlinearity in Indian ETFs and ascertains the adequacy of AR-GARCH models when it comes to capturing all of the nonlinearity in Indian ETFs using a topological approach.
‘Putting the GREAT Back into Britain’: National Identity, Public-Private Collaboration & Transfers of Brand Equity in 2012's Global Promotional Campaign
Authors: Pamment James
Published: March 2014

Research Highlights and Abstract

This article provides

A ‘zeitgeist’ analysis of how the Coalition leadership tried to make the most of Britain's ‘big year’ of 2012, particularly in terms of the government's ‘prosperity agenda’; Rich empirical data about high profile, government-wide trends in British promotional strategies and practices in the context of austerity; Analysis of the consequences of these promotional activities from a number of perspectives, including: GREAT as an alternative to existing promotional structures; strategies for drawing upon national identity in support of economic growth; disciplining techniques for enforcing brand identity; approaches to co-branding corporate and governmental Britain; the metrics used to demonstrate impact.

The GREAT campaign is one of the most ambitious national promotion efforts ever undertaken. Timed to make the most of Britain's raised profile during Olympic year, the aim was to promote trade, investment and tourism under a unified identity emphasising British achievements. However, the campaign raises a number of issues. The first is how and why GREAT emerged as an alternative to established structures for soft power, public diplomacy and marketing in the UK. The second is the ways GREAT engages with collective identity through the nationalisation and commodification of symbolic resources. Third is the practices used to include and exclude specific target groups and stakeholders. Fourth is the interaction between economic and symbolic resources, including public-private collaboration and the evidence used to determine impact and value. These themes contribute to an analysis of GREAT that will be of interest to scholars of politics and IR in the UK and internationally.
From Copenhagen to the consulting room: Pauli and Jung in Copenhagen
Authors: Gieser Suzanne
Published: March 2014

In this paper the city of Copenhagen is used as a starting point to highlight some critical historical events, both concerning the exchange of ideas between the physicist Wolfgang Pauli and C.G. Jung and the history of psychotherapy in Scandinavia. Pauli's years in Copenhagen under the influence of Niels Bohr and his philosophy prepared him mentally to receiveC.G. Jung's ideas. The paper also recounts the one occasion that Jung was in Scandinavia, attending the 9th conference of the General Medical Society for Psychotherapy in Copenhagen, just before going to New York in 1937 to give his final seminars on Pauli's dreams. The reason for focusing on these particular events is that they also constitute part of the history of the reception of psychodynamic psychology in Sweden and Scandinavia.
The Great Mother and the Terrible Mother: mimesis, alterity and attachment in adolescence
Authors: Rytovaara Marica
Published: March 2014

This paper discusses attachment, the longing for familiarity and sameness (mimesis), the search for difference and separateness (alterity) and the problem with the Other1 seen through the lens ofthe individuation process in adolescence. These are explored with reference to relational aspects and Levinas and Girard's divergent views of the Other. The relational space, which in Phillip Bromberg's (2003) words is ‘uniquely relational, but still uniquely individual’ and in which analyst and patient ‘stand together in the space between realities’, might under exceptional circumstances be transformed into ‘a twilight space where the impossible becomes possible’ (p. 573). I will sketch a developmental trajectory starting from primitive states, in which the presence of the Other,as a separate entity cannot be tolerated and where the patient strives for total mimesis. Should the analyst prematurely shatter this illusion, she becomes an alien ‘Other’; a wolf in sheep's clothing. I trace the current psychoanalytic paradigm shift to an emphasis on the co‐creation of meaning in the interpersonal space and explore what alterity consists of and how much of the other's unknowability can be tolerated and respected without a translation into one's own idiom. The clinical vignettes illustrate aspects of therapy which normally lie outside the analytical remit and are culled from an inpatient setting and private practice.
Jung's evolving views of Nazi Germany: From 1936 to the end of World War II
Authors: Schoenl William
Published: March 2014

This article first shows Jung's evolving views of Nazi Germany from 1936 to the beginning of World War II. In a lecture at the Tavistock Clinic, London, in October 1936, he made his strongest and most negative statements to that date about Nazi Germany. While in Berlin in September 1937 for lectures to the JungGesellschaft, his observations of Hitler at a military parade led him to conclude that should the catastrophe of war come it would be far more and bloodier than he had previously supposed. After the Sudetenland Crisis in Fall 1938, Jung in interviews made stronger comments on Hitler and Nazi Germany. The article shows how strongly anti‐Nazi Jung's views were in relation to events during World War II such as Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland, the fall of France, the bombings of Britain, the U.S. entry into the War, and Allied troops advancing into Germany. Schoenl and Peck, ‘An Answer to the Question: Was Jung, for a Time, a “Nazi Sympathizer” or Not?’ (2012) demonstrated how his views of Nazi Germany changed from 1933 to March 1936. The present article shows how his views evolved from 1936 to the War's end in 1945.
Jung's views on causes and treatments of schizophrenia in light of current trends in cognitive neuroscience and psychotherapy research II: Psychological research and treatment
Authors: Silverstein Steven M.
Published: March 2014

Jung was the first to emphasize the importance of psychological factors in the aetiology and treatment of schizophrenia. Despite this, and other seminal contributions, his work on schizophrenia is almost completely ignored or forgotten today. This paper, a follow‐up to one on Jung's theories of aetiology and symptom formation in schizophrenia (Journal of Analytical Psychology, 59, 1) reviews Jung's views on psychological approaches to research on, and treatment of, the disorder. Five themes are covered: 1) experimental psychopathology; 2) attentional disturbance; 3) psychological treatment; 4) the relationship between the environment (including the psychiatric hospital) and symptom expression; and 5) heterogeneity and the schizophrenia spectrum. Review of these areas reveal that Jung's ideas about the kind of research that can elucidate psychological mechanisms in schizophrenia, and the importance of psychotherapy for people with this condition, are very much in line with contemporary paradigms. Moreover, further exploration of several points of convergence could lead to advances in both of these fields, as well as within analytical psychology.
Hospital and Geographic Variability in Thirty‐Day All‐Cause Mortality Following Colorectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Schootman Mario , Lian Min , Pruitt Sandi L. , Deshpande Anjali D. , Hendren Samantha , Mutch Matthew , Jeffe Donna B. , Davidson Nicholas
Published: March 2014

Objective

To assess hospital and geographic variability in 30‐day mortality after surgery for CRC and examine the extent to which sociodemographic, area‐level, clinical, tumor, treatment, and hospital characteristics were associated with increased likelihood of 30‐day mortality in a population‐based sample of older CRC patients.

Data Sources/Study Setting

Linked Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) and Medicare data from 47,459 CRC patients aged 66 years or older who underwent surgical resection between 2000 and 2005, resided in 13,182 census tracts, and were treated in 1,447 hospitals.

Study Design

An observational study using multilevel logistic regression to identify hospital‐ and patient‐level predictors of and variability in 30‐day mortality.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

We extracted sociodemographic, clinical, tumor, treatment, hospital, and geographic characteristics from Medicare claims, SEER, and census data.

Principal Findings

Of 47,459 CRC patients, 6.6 percent died within 30 days following surgery. Adjusted variability in 30‐day mortality existed across residential census tracts (predicted mortality range: 2.7–12.3 percent) and hospitals (predicted mortality range: 2.5–10.5 percent). Higher risk of death within 30 days was observed for CRC patients age 85+ (12.7 percent), census‐tract poverty rate >20 percent (8.0 percent), two or more comorbid conditions (8.8 percent), stage IV at diagnosis (15.1 percent), undifferentiated tumors (11.6 percent), and emergency surgery (12.8 percent).

Conclusions

Substantial, but similar variability was observed across census tracts and hospitals in 30‐day mortality following surgery for CRC in patients 66 years and older. Risk of 30‐day mortality is driven not only by patient and hospital characteristics but also by larger social and economic factors that characterize geographic areas.
Gastrointestinal motility problems in critical care: A clinical perspective
Authors: Aderinto‐Adike Abimbola O , Quigley Eamonn M M
Published: March 2014

Advances in surgery, anesthesia and intensive care have led to a dramatic increase in the number of patients who spend time in our intensive care units (ICU). Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders are common complications in the intensive care setting and are predictors of increased mortality and length of the stay in the ICU. Several risk factors for developing GI motility problems in the ICU setting have been identified and include sepsis, being on mechanical ventilation and the use of vasopressors, opioids or anticholinergic medications. Our focus is on the most common clinical manifestations of GI motor dysfunction in the ICU patient: gastroesophageal reflux, gastroparesis, ileus and acute pseudo‐obstruction of the colon.
Perception of Cervical Cancer Risk and Screening Behavior: A Literature Review
Authors: Chan Carmen W. H. , Yang Sheng‐Bo , Gu Can , Wang Xiuhua , Tao Lijian
Published: March 2014

Purpose

This review examines women's risk perception of cervical cancer, the factors influencing this perception, and the relationship between risk perception of cervical cancer and screening behavior.

Methods

Integrative literature review method was used.

Findings

The search procedure resulted in the identification of 42 studies, including 1 literature review and 41 primary studies. Trends and discrepancies in the literature are presented with interpretations and recommendations.

Conclusion

Existing theories of health behavior appear inadequate for understanding screening behavior, and further studies are recommended to enrich the knowledge base of nursing diagnoses in knowledge deficit and health‐seeking behavior.

Implications for Nursing Practice

Efforts would be made to improve nurses' understanding of risk perception of cervical cancer within specific cultural context.
Validation of the Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes (Q‐DIO) Instrument for Use in Brazil and the United States
Authors: Linch Graciele Fernanda da Costa , Rabelo‐Silva Eneida Rejane , Keenan Gail Maria , Moraes Maria Antonieta , Stifter Janet , Müller‐Staub Maria
Published: March 2014

Purpose

To assess the reliability and validity of Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes (Q‐DIO) in Brazil and in the United States.

Methods

The sample comprised 180 records: centers 1 (electronic records and standardized language) and 2 (paper‐based records without standardized language in Brazil, and center 3 (electronic records without standardized language) in the United States. Reliability and discriminant construct validity was analyzed.

Findings

Cronbach's alpha for all 29 Q‐DIO items were greater than or equal to 0.70 for all centers; construct validity was significantly different between the three study centers.

Conclusions

These results indicate that Q‐DIO is valid and reliable for assessing the quality of nursing records.

Implications for Nursing Practice

The Q‐DIO may be useful to assess the quality and accuracy of nursing records.
The Use of Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) in Identifying the Workload of Nursing: An Integrative Review
Authors: Cruz Carla Weidle Marques da , Bonfim Daiana , Gaidzinski Raquel Rapone , Fugulin Fernanda Maria Togeiro , Laus Ana Maria
Published: March 2014

Purpose

To synthesize evidence related to the use of the Nursing Interventions Classification in order to identify nursing workload.

Method

An integrative literature review was conducted in June 2013.

Findings

The search strategy yielded a total of 111 references, 18 of which were retrieved, read, and evaluated for relevance. A set of 10 articles met the selection criteria.

Conclusion

A review of papers regarding the Nursing Interventions Classification and workload revealed the following themes: the identification of nursing interventions in areas of expertise and estimated times for their completion, the distribution of interventions in direct and indirect care, and the prevalence of the type of care in a given healthcare setting.
Application of the microarray technology to the transcriptional analysis of muscle phenotypes in pigs
Authors: Pena R. N. , Quintanilla R. , Manunza A. , Gallardo D. , Casellas J. , Amills M.
Published: March 2014

The transcriptome refers to the collection of all transcripts present in a cell. Gene expression has a very dynamic nature; it acts as a bridge between epigenetic marks, DNA sequence and proteins and changes to accommodate the requirements of the cell at each given time. Recent technological advances have created new opportunities to study complex phenotypes from a global point of view. From an animal production perspective, muscle transcriptomics has been investigated in relation to muscle growth, carcass fattening and meat quality traits. In this review, we discuss the impact of nutritional, anatomical and genetic factors on muscle gene expression and meat quality of pigs assessed by microarray technologies. Altogether, several common themes have been revealed by the in‐depth analysis of the current body of knowledge, for instance, the involvement of genes related to energy balance and substrate turnover in the oxidative/glycolytic phenotype of red/white muscle fibre types and in the storage of intramuscular fat. The review also covers recent advances in the discovery of expression QTL and regulatory RNAs in porcine breeds as well as technical developments in the field of deep‐sequencing technologies that are expected to substantially increase our knowledge about the genetic architecture of meat quality and production traits.
Pseudoexfoliation and mortality: a population‐based 30‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Svensson Rebecka , Ekström Curt
Published: March 2014

Purpose

To study the relationship between pseudoexfoliation (PEX) and all‐cause mortality in a population in which PEX is a common finding.

Methods

Survival analyses were performed in a cohort of 760 residents 65–74 years of age, examined in a population survey in the municipality of Tierp, Sweden, 1984–86. To expand the cohort, participants in other studies in Tierp were enrolled. Additionally, people were recruited by means of glaucoma case records established at the Eye Department in Tierp in 1978–2007. In this way, the cohort comprised 1524 subjects, representing more than 21 100 person‐years at risk. Information on deaths was obtained from the local population register.

Results

By the conclusion of the study, in August 2013, 1280 deaths had been reported. Of these cases, 350 were affected by PEX at baseline. No association between PEX and mortality was found (hazard ratio 1.00; 95% confidence interval 0.88–1.14).

Conclusion

The results strongly suggest that PEX had no effect on all‐cause mortality in the population under study.
Interpreting autobiographies in migration research: narratives of Japanese returnees from the Canary Islands (Spain)
Authors: Avila‐Tàpies Rosalia , Domínguez‐Mujica Josefina
Published: March 2014

Within the context of recent epistemological and methodological turns in geography and social sciences, this paper explores the use of autobiographical narratives in international migration research and learning through the analysis of three books written by Japanese returnees from the Canary Islands (Spain). These narratives were interpreted by focusing on their content from a categorical perspective, using a type of reading known traditionally as ‘content analysis’ and adopting a cross‐cultural framework of research, reflecting a biographical approach to the study of embodied experiences of migration and cross‐cultural processes. A major finding in this study is the recognition of migration and mobility as transformative experiences that changed the authors’ way of looking at the world and have had a profound impact on every aspect of their lives. The article emphasises the importance of reflexivity, positionality and communicative competence between cultures in geography.
Metaphyseal osteopathy in threeAustralianKelpie siblings
Authors: Greenwell CM , Brain PH , Dunn AL
Published: March 2014

Case report

Metaphyseal osteopathy (MO) was diagnosed in three Australian Kelpie puppies that were presented for veterinary assessment of lameness. The three puppies were siblings. Each was from a different litter by the same breeding pair. The puppy in case one was seen by the authors, and the puppies in cases two and three were patients at other veterinary hospitals. However, the medical records and radiographs were examined and reviewed for this report. Radiographic investigation of the lameness revealed pathognomonic appearance ofMOaffecting the metaphyseal region of the long bones in all three puppies. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology in one patient.

Conclusion

MOis considered a disease of large and giant‐breed dogs, being rarely reported in non‐large‐breed dogs, and has not been reported in the Australian Kelpie, which is considered a medium‐breed dog. This case series suggests a previously unreported breed predisposition toMOin the Australian Kelpie.
Studies of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Immunogenicity of Repeated Doses of Intravenous Staphylococcal Protein A in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Bernton Edward , Haughey David
Published: March 2014

Three Good Laboratory Practice safety studies were performed with intravenous injections of highly purified staphylococcal protein A (SPA) in cynomolgus monkeys, in support of a clinical development programme utilizing this protein as an immunomodulator. These studies established a no‐observable‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) for up to 12 weekly doses of SPA, as well as toxicokinetic profiles for SPA, evaluation of antiproduct antibodies and biomarkers to better characterize the pharmacodynamic response to SPA. Biomarkers included neopterin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), troponin I and the change in the blood absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) 24 hr after SPA dosing. The transient decrease in ALC noted at 24 hr after dosing was similar to that seen in human Phase 1 trials. The majority of active‐treated monkeys developed antibodies against SPA. Cmax was not affected by development of antidrug antibodies (ADAs), and after the first dose was 87 (SD 19) ng/mL, 330 (SD 84) ng/mL and 1191 (SD 208) ng/mL for 5, 25 and 100 μg/kg doses, respectively. The development of ADAs increased plasma clearance of SPA. By the sixth weekly dose, the AUC was decreased by 76%, 54% and 66% for the 5, 25 and 100 μg/kg dose groups, respectively. These results indicate that SPA can be administered intravenously to non‐human primates without observable toxicity at weekly doses of up to 100 μg/kg.