bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stream flow prediction using TIGGE ensemble precipitation forecast data for Sabarmati river basin
Authors: Patel Anant , Yadav S. M.
Published: October 2022

Flooding is the most prevalent natural disaster globally. Increasing flood frequency affects developing nations as these countries lack strong forecasting systems. The most flood-prone urban regions are near the coast or riverbanks. Using The International Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) data, a coupled atmospheric-hydrologic ensemble flood forecasting model for the Sabarmati river was developed. Incorporating numerical weather prediction (NWP) information into flood forecasting systems can increase lead times from hours to days. When predicting the weather, we employed numerous NWP models from various prediction centers. European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data with a 5-day advance time are coupled with the HEC-HMS model to provide ensemble stream flow predictions. The ensemble flood forecasting model uses the 2015 flood season as a test scenario. In this research, we discovered that TIGGE ensemble prediction data can be useful for prediction of stream flow and results showed effective flood forecasting for Sabarmati river. HEC-HMS, a semi-distributed hydrologic model, uses ECMWF, NCEP, and UKMO precipitation ensembles. ECMWF shows that 90% of the correlation with observed data and peak time and peak discharge is also match with the observed discharge with a peak on 29 July 2015 with 9,300 cumecs. Danger probability may be accurately predicted based on peak time and flood warning probability distributions.
Evidence for the identity of rat liver microsomal membrane-bound serine proteinase with hepsin
Authors: Takahashi Kenji , Matsuzaki Hidemi , Jeohn Gwang-Ho , Iwamatsu Akihiro , Tamanoue Yoshiaki , Kim Yong-Tae , Takahashi Takayuki
Published: October 2022

The serine proteinase previously isolated and partially characterized from the microsomal membrane fraction of rat liver was shown to be composed of two peptide chains of molecular masses of approximately 31 kDa and 19 kDa cross-linked by disulfide bond(s). Partial sequence analysis of peptides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis indicated that the enzyme shares the same amino acid sequence with rat hepsin. These results provide evidence for the identity of these two enzymes.
Purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of a phycourobilin-containing phycoerythrin
Authors: Diederichs Kay , Rittert Stephan , Hiller Roger G. , Wrench Pamela M. , Wacker Thomas , Welte Wolfram
Published: October 2022

Rhodophycean phycoerythrin (R-PE) was isolated from the red alga Griffithsia monilis and purified on Q­ Sepharose. Untwinned crystals diffracting to 2.lA on a rotating anode X-ray source were obtained by the hanging-drop vapour diffusion method, and their space group determined as R3. SDS gel-electrophoresis of dissolved crystals showed the a and p subunits of the protein (apparent molecular weight, about 19 kDa) and
two different forms of they-subunit (apparent molecular weight, 28 and 30 kDa) being present in the crystals.
Characterization of the minor impurities during synthesis.of Alzheimer 8-protein
Authors: Duffy Lawrence K. , Vyas Sandip B.
Published: October 2022

Synthetic Alzheimer 6-protein, JH O, was analyzed for minor impurities after assembly from activated esters of
finoc-amino acids. Analytical RPHPLC show that 026-40 and 08-40 were the most common termination peptides.
Co-ehrtion ofhctero-oli.gomeric protein species resuhed in band broadening on reversed-phase chromatography. Data
on co-incubation of pure peptides indicate that a kinetic barrier had to be overcome for hetero-oligomeriz.ation. The
presence of these peptides may affect the reproducibility of aggregation and toxicity assays.
Intestinal absorption of lactonolactonecoupled tripeptide and stability in serum: effect of linkage between peptide and monosaccharide moiety
Authors: Awazu Shoji , Mizuma Takashi , Ohta Kunihiro
Published: October 2022

Aminopeptidase-degradable tyrosylglycylglycine (TGG), a part of leucine enkephalin,
was coupled with lactonolactone to conjugate galactose with TGG by way of amide bond linkage.
Lactonolactone-coupling improved the intestinal absorption of TGG as well as the stability in intestine
and in serum, like galactose conjugation by way of CH2-NH linkage (lactose-coupling). However,
lactonolactone-coupling also provided TGG with peptidase-susceptible property different from that of
TGG.
Crystallization of a hydrolase from rhodococcus sp. strain rhal, the bphd enzyme, in the pcb degradation pathway
Authors: Mitsui Yukio , Nandhagopal N. , Senda Toshiya , Hatta Takahashi , Yamada Akihiro , Masai Eiji , Fukuda Masao
Published: October 2022

Crystals have been obtained for a 2-hydroxyl-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic (HPDA) acid hydrolase (conventionally called as BphD) cloned from Rhodococcus sp. strain RHAl. The crystals were grown using both PEG 4000 and isopropanol as the precipitating agents. The crystals belonged to a tetragonal space group (/422) and diffracted to 2.5A.
Determinants of heparin cofactor ii
specificity for thrombin
Authors: Ciaccia Angelina V. , Church Frank C.
Published: October 2022

Hemostasis is a critical element of the host defense system. The "balance" in hemostasis is achieved by the tight regulation of both procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins. The focus of this short review is on one particular anticoagulant protein, heparin cofactor II (HCII), a member of the serine proteinase (serpin) superfarnily of proteins. A brief overview of serpins and the mechanism by which HCII specifically regulates the activity of the most critical procoagulant proteinase thrombin are addressed.
Binding of mutant hiv-i proteases with junction b peptides containing methyleneamino isostere replacements
Authors: Dunn B.M. , Zbang L. , Pennington M.W. , Baur P. , Byrnes M.E. , de Cbastonay J. , Wilson S. I. , Kay J.
Published: October 2022

A series ofpeptidomimetics (with a -CH2-NH- replacing the scissile peptide bond) based on one of the CA/NC cleavage junctions in the gag region of l-IlV-1 has been prepared and shown to provide effective inhibitors of l-IlV-1 PR. Furthermore, these compounds retain much of their potency when tested against mutant forms of HIV- I PR in which residues 45, 48, and 82 have been changed. In contrast, when Ile 84 is changed to Val, binding is reduced and when Asp 30 is changed to Phe, binding is weakened substantially. To provide an independent measure of interaction, the binding of a fluorescent form of the methylenearnino-substituted inhibitors has been studied by kinetics and spectroscopy. A series of substrates of analogous structures was also prepared and evaluated by determining kcai, Km and kc.rlKm values for cleavage by l-IlV-1 PR
Additivity of lytic activities for mutant lysozymes
Authors: Imoto Taiji , Hashimoto Yo hio , Tokuyama Kazuhide , Ito Yuji
Published: October 2022

We constructed various Iysozyme mutants and their addition mutants. Each mutation, Asn27Asp (activity 84%), Lys33Asn (130%), Ser36Thr (175%), SerS0Thr (140%) and Trp62Tyr (130%) was respectively added to the double mutant Aspl01Gly/Gly102Pro (225%). As the result of the additive mutations, activities of these triple mutants were 217%, 318%, 367%, 273% and 264% of wild type, respectively. These results show that the additivity is held in lytic activity whose mechanism is complex.
Protein association and stability of thermophilic enzymes
Authors: Ragone Raffaele
Published: October 2022

The hypothesis is made that association could play an important evolutionary role in thermophilic enzymes. A few mesophilic model systems are examined, showing how association processes lead to assemblies that are thermodynamically stable over a wide temperature interval.
In vitro characterization of peptides interfering with the hiv-1 nucleocapsid protein (ncp7) functions
Authors: Lener Daniela , Antico Giovanni , Andre Alessandra , Aulicino Anna , Bucci Enrico , Darlix Jean-Luc , Calogero Raffaele A.
Published: October 2022

In HIV-I, the nucleocapsid protein (NCp7) play essential roles in several steps of HIV-I replication. Since NCp7 is required for virion formation and proviral DNA synthesis and is highly conserved, identification of compounds able to inhibit NCp7 activities and functions may lead to the discovery of new anti-HIV drugs. Here we present data showing that peptides derived from the first and second NCp7 zinc finger interfere, in vitro, with NCp7 functions during the early stage of HIV- I reverse transcription.
Crystallization	and	X-ray analysis	of oxyhemoglobin-i
liposarcus anisitsi (pisces)
Authors: Smarra A.L.S. , Arni R.K. , De Azevedo W.F , Colombo M.F , Bonilla-Rodriguez G.O.
Published: October 2022

Hemoglobin remains, despite the enormous amount of research involving this molecule, as a prototype for allosteric models and new conformations. Functional studies carried out on Hemoglobin-I from the South­ American Catfish Liposarcus anisitsi [1] suggest the existence of conformational states beyond those already described for human hemoglobin, which could be confirmed crystallographically. The present work represents the initial steps towards that goal.
Bactericidal properties of hiv-1 vpr c-terminal sequences
Authors: Macreadie I. G. , Failla P. , Castelli L. A. , Azad A. A.
Published: October 2022

Vpr is a virion-associated protein of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV- I). Vpr is toxic to human and yeast cells when produced in the cell or when added externally, due to the presence of the sequence HFRIGCRHSRIG, which represent Vpr residues 71-82. Here we show that the C-terminal sequence of Vpr also causes toxicity in E. coli. The intracellular but not the extracellular toxicity can be partially overcome with the selection of a .s,uppressor of Ypr 1oxicity (svt) mutant E. coli strain.
Dopamine- -Hydroxylase Inhibition: A Novel Sympatho-Modulatory Approach for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Hegde S.S. , Friday K F.
Published: October 2022

Pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that chronic sympathetic activation in congestive heart failure (CHF) is a maladaptive response which accelerates the progressive worsening of the disease. Consequently, therapeutic interventions which inhibit sympathetic nerve function are likely to favorably alter the natural course of the disease. Indeed, recent clinical studies have shown that treatment with carvedilol, a P­ blocker, reduces mortality and the risk of death and hospitalization. The therapeutic value of P-blockers, however, may be limited by their propensity to cause acute hemodynamic
deterioration which results from abrupt withdrawal of sympathetic support. Thus, although the intrnuuction or P- blockers represents an important advance in the treatment of CHF, a better tolerated means of modulating the sympathetic nervous system would be highly desirable.
An alternative strategy for directly modulating sympathetic nerve function is to inhibit the biosynthesis of norepinephrine (NE) via inhibition of dopamine-P-hydroxylase (DBH), the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of dopamine (DA) to NE in sympathetic nerves. This approach may have the following three merits over P-blockade. First, this class of drugs would be expected to produce gradual modulation, as opposed to abrupt blockade, of sympathetic nerve function and, consequently, would not be associated with acute hemodynamic worsening thereby obviating the need for dose-titration. Second, from a theoretical standpoint, DBH inhibitors, at low doses, would preferentially inhibit NE release in the heart £ince the storage pool of NE in this organ is selectively depleted in CHF. Lastly, inhibition of DBH would augment the levels of DA which, via agonism of dopamine receptors, could have beneficial effects on renal function. Nepicastat is a novel, selective and potent
(IC50 = 9 nM) inhibitor of DBH. Preclinical studies have shown that nepicastat produces gradual modulation of catecholamine levels (reduction in NE and elevation of DA and• DA/NE ratio) in cardiovascular tissues and plasma,
attenuates sympathetically-mediated cardiovascular responses and also has salutary effects on renal function. In a canine heart failure model, normalization of transmyocardial norepinephrine balance with nepicastat retards the process of ventricular dilation and prevents progressive worsening of cardiac functiun. Early short-term clinical studies in CHF patients have shown that nepicastat is well tolerated and produces significant and dose-dependent increases in plasma DA/NE concentrations.
In conclusion, DBH inhibition, with drugs such as nepicastat, may be a better-tolerated mechanism for producing sympatho-inhibition and thus represents a promising therapy for CHF.
Performance of Bridge Envelope During Earthquake Using Finite Element and Artificial Neural Network Techniques
Authors: Naji Maryam , Firoozi Ali Akbar
Published: October 2022

Background:

Bridges are one of the most critical parts of a transportation network that may be damaged during earthquakes and it is necessary to have a prediction model for bridge responses under seismic loads that can be extended to other situations. Soil stiffness significantly affects load distribution when soil, piles, abutment, and superstructure all act as a combined system to resist lateral loading on a bridge.

Methods:

A two-dimensional (2D) model of integral abutment bridge (IAB) with soil springs around piles and behind the abutments for 18.3m, 35.4m, and 64.5m spans respectively, was developed with finite element (FE). The input variables were bridge span, backfill height, soil stiffness behind abutment, and soil stiffness around piles. Also, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was examined for pile lateral force, pile displacement, pile head moment, girder axial force, and abutment moment.

Results:

Using FE the prediction of critical response for medium span (i.e., 123.6m) and large span (i.e., 249m) by ANN was performed. Findings show that backfill stiffness has an important effect on lateral displacement. The best performance was related to high stiffness backfill with intermediate clay around the pile.

Conclusion:

Stiffness of clay around the pile has an important effect on lateral displacement, pile lateral force, pile bending moment, girder axial force, and girder bending moment at the abutment.
Feedback to EFL learners’ writing
Authors: Alharbi Bader
Published: October 2022

Teachers’ feedback is the backbone of students’ learning experience and one that helps them stem their errors early. At the same time, the perceptions of teachers and learners to the role of feedback in second language skills is central to developing healthy classroom practices. This is also the aim of this study which investigates the perceptions of teachers and students to feedback to writing output in an EFL environment in a Saudi University. The study sample comprises 35 students and 5 teachers at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. The study uses questionnaires and supplementary interviews in a field survey to obtain the data. The findings show that both students and teachers have a positive perception to written feedback, espousing it as a fundamental instructional delivery tool in EFL pedagogy that improves learning outcomes. Moreover, the majority of the participants report that written feedback positively influences learning outcomes through correction of grammar in students’ writing. Similarly, the study shows that teachers depend on different mechanisms to select the nature of feedback as well as the interest of students and curricular instructions.
SİSTEMİK AİLE YAKLAŞIMI TEMELLİ GRUP PSİKOEĞİTİM PROGRAMININ BOŞANMIŞ BİREYLERİN BOŞANMAYA UYUM DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: GÜZEL Nuran Ceren , ÇEÇEN-EROĞUL Ayşe Rezan
Published: October 2022

Bu araştırmada, Sistemik Aile yaklaşımına (SAY) dayalı olarak hazırlanan Boşanmaya Uyum Grup Psikoeğitim Programının (BUPP) boşanmış kadın ve erkeklerin boşanmaya uyum düzeylerine etkisi ve bu etkinin altı hafta süre ile zamana bağlı kalıcılığı incelemiştir. Araştırmada deney ve kontrol gruplu ön test-son test ve izleme test modeline dayalı 2x3’lük yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Deney grubunda 11 (5 erkek, 6 kadın), kontrol grubunda 11 (4 erkek 7 kadın) olmak üzere toplam 22 boşanmış kişi araştırmaya katılmıştır. Katılımcılara Boşanmaya Uyum Ölçeği (BUÖ) ön test-son test ve izleme testi olarak uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada deney grubuna dokuz oturum ve her oturum 120 dakika olan SAY’a dayalı olarak hazırlanan BUPP’ı uygulanırken, kontrol grubuna herhangi bir işlem uygulanmamıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları nicel veriler kullanılarak elde edilmiş ve nitel verilerle desteklenmiştir. Araştırmanın nicel verilerini analiz etmede ANCOVA ve t testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları incelendiğinde deney ve kontrol gruplarının ön test-son test ve izleme test puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunduğu ve bu farkın deney grubu lehine olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak boşanmaya uyum psikoeğitim programının boşanmış kişilerin boşanmaya uyum düzeylerini arttırmada etkili olduğu ve bu etkinin altı hafta boyunca devam ettiği bulunmuştur.
RESİM –İŞ EĞİTİMİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN GÖRSEL SANATLAR ÖĞRETİMİNE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: MOLLAOĞLU Songül
Published: October 2022

Görsel sanatlar öğretimine yönelik öğrencilerin sahip olduğu inanç ve duygunun bileşkesi olan görsel sanatlar tutumu öğrencinin derse istekliliği ve başarısını etkileyen önemli bir faktördür. Bu anlayışla araştırma, resim-iş eğitimi öğrencilerinin görsel sanatlar öğretimine yönelik tutumlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Resim-İş Eğitimi Bölümünde öğrenim gören 75 öğrencinin yer aldığı çalışmada betimsel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Veriler Öğrenci Bilgi Formu ve Görsel Sanatlar Öğretimine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği (GSÖYTÖ) ile elde edilmiş ve SPSS paket programında değerlendirilmiştir. Yaş ortalaması 22.08 (SS:2.48) yıl olan öğrencilerin %74.7’si kadın, %24’ü dördüncü sınıf öğrencisidir. Öğrencilerin GSÖYTÖ puan ortalaması 74.76 (SS:13.50) iken, ölçeğin alt boyutu olan Özgüven 30.65 (SS:5.84), Bilişsel Farkındalık 15.15 (SS:3.19), Olumlu İnançlar 10.16 (SS:2.23) ve Bilişsel Kontrol 18.80 (SS:4.07) olarak bulunmuştur. Kız öğrencilerin erkeklere göre GSÖYTÖ ve Bilişsel Farkındalık ve Bilişsel Kontrol alt boyutlarından yüksek puan almışlardır ve aradaki fark önemli bulunmuştur (p
Получение анизотипных гетероструктур для фотоэлектрического преобразователя на основе GaSb за счет твердофазных реакций замещения
Authors: Гагис Г.С. , Кучинский В.И. , Казанцев Д.Ю. , Бер Б.Я. , Токарев М.В. , Хвостиков В.П. , Нахимович М.В. , Власов А.C. , Васильев В.И.
Published: October 2022

The possibility of manufacturing photovoltaic converter structures due to solid-phase reactions of substitution of Sb atoms in GaSb semiconductor wafers with As or P atoms, with simultaneous diffusion of Zn, is demonstrated.
Точное двумерное решение для токового сжатия тонкой осесимметричной оболочки и формирование перетяжки в X-пинче
Authors: Зубарев Н.М. , Чайковский С.А.
Published: October 2022

Exact two-dimensional solutions are constructed that describe the dynamics of magnetic compression of a hollow shell, which is a one-sheeted hyperboloid of revolution. The solutions are applicable for interpreting the results of experiments on the formation of necks in X-pinches. In particular, they make it possible to relate the main parameters of the problem: the axial scale of the neck, the time of its formation, and the geometric characteristics of the system.
Формирование наноразмерных мультимолекулярных структур стеарата лантана с использованием монослоев Ленгмюра для масс-спектрометрии с лазерной десорбцией/ионизацией
Authors: Горбунов А.Ю. , Подольская Е.П.
Published: October 2022

Исследована матрично-активированная лазерная десорбция/ионизация (МАЛДИ) с поверхности наноразмерных мультимолекулярных структур на основе монослоев стеарата лантана, наличие которых на поверхности подтверждалось экспериментально по лазерной десорбции лантансодержащих органических ионов. Показано, что такая функционализация поверхности стандартной МАЛДИ-мишени приводит к значительному увеличению выхода ионов целевых пептидов, причем оптимум достигается при толщине пленки порядка шести монослоев. Предложен подход в формате "Лаборатория на мишени", позволяющий проводить специфичную экстракцию пептидов, модифицированных хлорсодержащими соединениями, и включающий следующие стадии: функционализация поверхности мишени, металл-аффинная экстракция, нанесение матрицы, МАЛДИ масс-спектрометрический анализ. Ключевые слова: масс-спектрометрия, матрично-активированная лазерная десорбция/ионизация, поверхность, монослои Ленгмюра, металл-аффинная хроматография.
Identifying Patterns of Clinical Interest in Clinicians’ Treatment Preferences: Hypothesis-free Data Science Approach to Prioritizing Prescribing Outliers for Clinical Review
Authors: MacKenna Brian , Curtis Helen J , Hopcroft Lisa E M , Walker Alex J , Croker Richard , Macdonald Orla , Evans Stephen J W , Inglesby Peter , Evans David , Morley Jessica , Bacon Sebastian C J , Goldacre Ben
Published: October 2022

Background

Data analysis is used to identify signals suggestive of variation in treatment choice or clinical outcome. Analyses to date have generally focused on a hypothesis-driven approach.

Objective

This study aimed to develop a hypothesis-free approach to identify unusual prescribing behavior in primary care data. We aimed to apply this methodology to a national data set in a cross-sectional study to identify chemicals with significant variation in use across Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) for further clinical review, thereby demonstrating proof of concept for prioritization approaches.

Methods

Here we report a new data-driven approach to identify unusual prescribing behaviour in primary care data. This approach first applies a set of filtering steps to identify chemicals with prescribing rate distributions likely to contain outliers, then applies two ranking approaches to identify the most extreme outliers amongst those candidates. This methodology has been applied to three months of national prescribing data (June-August 2017).

Results

Our methodology provides rankings for all chemicals by administrative region. We provide illustrative results for 2 antipsychotic drugs of particular clinical interest: promazine hydrochloride and pericyazine, which rank highly by outlier metrics. Specifically, our method identifies that, while promazine hydrochloride and pericyazine are barely used by most clinicians (with national prescribing rates of 11.1 and 6.2 per 1000 antipsychotic prescriptions, respectively), they make up a substantial proportion of antipsychotic prescribing in 2 small geographic regions in England during the study period (with maximum regional prescribing rates of 298.7 and 241.1 per 1000 antipsychotic prescriptions, respectively).

Conclusions

Our hypothesis-free approach is able to identify candidates for audit and review in clinical practice. To illustrate this, we provide 2 examples of 2 very unusual antipsychotics used disproportionately in 2 small geographic areas of England.
Factors Predicting Older People’s Acceptance of a Personalized Health Care Service App and the Effect of Chronic Disease: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study (Preprint)
Authors: Koo Jun Hyuk , Park You Hyun , Kang Dae Ryong
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Mobile health (mHealth) services enable real-time measurement of information on individuals’ biosignals and environmental risk factors; accordingly, research on health management using mHealth is being actively conducted.

OBJECTIVE

The study aims to identify the predictors of older people’s intention to use mHealth in South Korea and verify whether chronic disease moderates the effect of the identified predictors on behavioral intentions.

METHODS

A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 500 participants aged 60 to 75 years. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling, and indirect effects were verified through bootstrapping. Bootstrapping was performed 10,000 times, and the significance of the indirect effects was confirmed through the bias-corrected percentile method.

RESULTS

Of 477 participants, 278 (58.3%) had at least 1 chronic disease. Performance expectancy (β=.453; P=.003) and social influence (β=.693; P<.001) were significant predictors of behavioral intention. Bootstrapping results showed that facilitating conditions (β=.325; P=.006; 95% CI 0.115-0.759) were found to have a significant indirect effect on behavioral intention. Multigroup structural equation modeling testing the presence or absence of chronic disease revealed a significant difference in the path of device trust to performance expectancy (critical ratio=–2.165). Bootstrapping also confirmed that device trust (β=.122; P=.039; 95% CI 0.007-0.346) had a significant indirect effect on behavioral intention in people with chronic disease.

CONCLUSIONS

This study, which explored the predictors of the intention to use mHealth through a web-based survey of older people, suggests similar results to those of other studies that applied the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model to the acceptance of mHealth. Performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions were revealed as predictors of accepting mHealth. In addition, trust in a wearable device for measuring biosignals was investigated as an additional predictor in people with chronic disease. This suggests that different strategies are needed, depending on the characteristics of users.
Metonymy of Human Body Organs in Indonesian
Authors: Wijana I Dewa Putu
Published: October 2022

This paper will try to describe the human body parts used to express metonymy, and associative patterns which hold between the target domains and the meanings intended by the expressions. By using data collected from Indonesian Big Dictionary added metalinguistic ones whose gramaticalilty and acceptability have been tested empirically to other Indonesian natives. The research found that thare are many human body parts which can be used metonymically, and they can perform various patterns of associative relations, such as part-whole, part-whole, container-contained, instrument-function, symbol-symbolized, and iconic association. Several body parts can be used more than one association, and metaphor and metonymy problems still can not be clearly cut.
The Incompatibility of Moral Relativism and Brennan’s Argument for Epistocracy
Authors: Van der Haak Donovan
Published: October 2022

In Against Democracy, Brennan argues in favor of restricting suffrage, proposing epistocracy. He argues political power should not be held by incompetent and morally unreasonable people (i.e., the competence principle) and that epistocracy would create more just outcomes than democracy. However, Brennan assumes his argument is compatible with different meta-ethical frameworks. In this article, I examine the extent to which his argument is challenged by meta-ethical moral relativism, aiming to answer the following central research question: what are the repercussions of meta-ethical moral relativism for Brennan’s use of the competence principle and the creation of just outcomes as an argument in favor of epistocracy over democracy? I argue that democracy better satisfies Brennan’s own principles compared to epistocracy, for the epistocratic reliance on experts renders epistocracy inherently incapable of collecting sufficient information about moral facts from the right voting population.
Первый опыт двусторонних консультаций для Госплана Монголии в рамках Совета экономической взаимопомощи (сентябрь–октябрь 1963 г.)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Kamandzhaev Narma A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Since Mongolia joined the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance it became obliged to coordinate its planning activities with other member countries. And the planning coordination process proper essentially included arrangements of bilateral consultations between Mongolia’s planning agency and those of corresponding member countries. Goals. So, the study aims at examining earliest bilateral consultations held by Mongolia’s Planning Commission in September–October of 1963. Materials and methods. The article analyzes documents from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History and the Russian State Archive of the Economy. The key research methods employed are the comparative historical and typological ones. Results. The mentioned bilateral consultations were discussing two groups of questions, namely: a list of enterprises the Mongolian party was going to construct with the aid of other CMEA member countries, and lists of goods to be exchanged between the involved countries through the balance method. Conclusions. The bilateral consultations between the MPR’s Planning Commission and planning agencies of CMEA member governments held in September–October of 1963 proved an absolutely new line of activity for Mongolian economists. The former’s key points were discussions over lists of construction and other facilities required by the Mongolian party. And the almost full absence of data pertaining to construction funding sources implies the negotiation process — at that very stage — was far from being complete. It was the Soviet Union that was still expected to invest most in Mongolia’s economy and bear the bulk of responsibility for the to be constructed enterprises. The ‘greediest’ government engaged in discussions over economic aid to Mongolia was that of Romania, other CMEA member countries to have clustered into a group of so called ‘averages’. The latter did not differ much in scales of to be rendered aid, while essentials of their sector-specific investments did vary to some extent.
Первые годы деятельности Астраханского епархиального комитета Православного миссионерского общества (по материалам Государственного архива Астраханской области)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Kurapov Andrey A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The article analyzes and introduces into scientific discourse a set of archival documents included in Collection 597 — ‘Astrakhan Diocesan Committee of the Missionary Orthodox Society’ — of the State Archive of Astrakhan Oblast dealing with the Committee’s earliest years and key directions of its activity. Materials and methods. The study employs comparative and historical/descriptive methods of research. The work analyzes the mentioned archival documents of 1870–1874 containing materials on work activity management within the Committee, personnel and financial policies, reports on its grand opening and the formation of a general meeting, analytical notes and appeals of committee members, interdepartmental correspondence on organizational issues, correspondence with the Orthodox clergy of Astrakhan Governorate and their reports, letters about translation, publishing, and academic efforts of the Committee. Results. The paper introduces a set of documents related to the earliest years of Astrakhan Diocesan Committee. Conclusions. The materials discovered in Collection 597 (State Archive of Astrakhan Oblast) and specifically those covering the earliest years of Astrakhan Diocesan Committee do add to the panorama of missionary tools and techniques once employed by the Russian Orthodox Church in Kalmyk Steppe throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mention personalities to have served as members of the Committee, clarify as to sources and amounts of financing, problems and prospects faced by Orthodox Christian missionaries in Kalmyk uluses (districts). The creation of Astrakhan Diocesan Committee gave rise to extended translation and publishing activities, intensified the training of missionaries supposed to spread Orthodox Christianity in Kalmyk Steppe in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
«Прежде по Вашей милости я жил спокойно. Как быть? Рассудите, Ваше Светлейшество». Начало внутриполитического кризиса в Калмыцком ханстве в 1723 г.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Tepkeev Vladimir T.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The article publishes one of the last letters submitted by Khan Ayuka of the Kalmyks to the Russian Emperor Peter the Great. Goals. The work aims at introducing newly discovered correspondence dealing with Russian-Kalmyk relations in the first quarter of the 18th century. Materials. The document analyzed is contained in Collection 119 (‘Kalmyk Affairs’) of Imperial Russia’s Foreign Policy Archive that houses quite a number of written sources in Kalmyk history. The never-published document is the first Kalmyk letter from the mentioned archive to be made available to the public. Results. The paper provides a brief historical review of the events described in Khan Ayuka’s letter. The most precious document sheds light on multiple circumstances to have preceded the outburst of the internal Kalmyk conflict in 1723. Conclusions. The examined 1724 letter is an invaluable source in the history of Kalmyk Khanate that shall essentially add to further understanding of 18th-century Russian-Kalmyk relations. So, the text clarifies Khan Ayuka’s stance on the emerging internal crisis. Having been one of those who wrecked the negotiation process between Chakdorjab’s sons, Ayuka turns to the Russian Emperor for assistance in his letter. The domestic conflict not only significantly weakened his positions as Khan but also resulted in external threats to Kalmyk Khanate at large.
Рукопись И. П. Сойкконена в аспекте изучения зимней повседневности якутов первой трети ХХ в.
Authors:   Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, Siberian Branch of the RAS (1, Petrovsky St., 677027 Yakutsk, Russian Federation), Vinokurova Liliia I.
Published: October 2022

The Yakutia Comprehensive Research Expedition of 1925–1930 proved a most essential stage in the intellectual discovery of Russia’s Arctic and North. Even nowadays the insights into climate and natural resources, socioeconomic and demographic analyses, living conditions assessments remain as topical. It is noteworthy that the efforts undertaken were largely humanitarian, thus making the collected data on socioeconomic history and everyday life rich enough. Ivan Soikkonen was heading the Yakut Ethnographic Subgroup in 1926–1927, the latter to have been working in the central part of the Republic. Long-term stationary observations resulted in materials covering ethnic culture of the Yakuts, including detailed descriptions of household life, economic activities, and family relations. Soikkonen’s papers are distinguished by ‘photographic’ reflections of rural Yakutia’s local realities typical for earliest decades of the 20th century. Goals. The article aims to introduce into scientific circulation one manuscript by the Russian ethnographer Ivan P. Soikkonen containing ethnographic materials from late 1920s Central Yakutia. Materials. The manuscript titled ‘Winter Day of the Yakut Woman’ is stored together with other unpublished Yakutia-related materials of Soikkonen at the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg Branch). Results. The expedition materials are invaluable sources for humanities research. The manuscript examined contains interesting facts that shed light on social relations, standards and qualities inherent to rural life refracted in the mirror of everyday gender. The phenomena dominating throughout the to be presented document is that of natural winter cold which limits, restrains, and regulates activities of a Yakut woman in winter everyday life in earliest decades of the past century. Soikkonen’s notes make it possible to examine aspects of the economic determinism among Yakuts to have arisen from natural and climatic conditions of the region in the period prior to the Soviet modernization in interdisciplinary perspectives. Conclusions. The paper is first to publish the manuscript, only some small fragments have been cited before. The article pioneers the interpretation of Soikkonen’s materials from the standpoint of the anthropology of cold. The author comments and transcribes Yakut terms contained in the manuscript.
Коммуникативный аспект местоименной вербализации пространственного дейксиса в татарском и русском языках
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (25, Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation), Urunova Raisa D. , Yagafarova Liliya T. , Ivanova Daria A. , Glushkova Svetlana Yu. , Nigmatullina Alsu M.  ,   University of Management «TISBI» (13, Mushtari St., 420012 Kazan, Russian Federation)
Published: October 2022

Introduction. One of the important problems of contemporary linguistics is the incomplete correspondence between some linguistic categories and actual conditions of language use, which makes it difficult to apply scientific concepts in pragmatic terms. In this regard, some categories of classical linguistics require further clarification in the light of new scientific achievements. Goals. So, the article aims at analyzing deictic microsystems of languages different in origin and grammatical type through synergistic research approaches with due account of achievements of classical linguistics and data on the new communication theory. Materials and methods. The work employs comprehensive methodology: comparison of the Russian and Tatar deictic verbal means is accompanied by cross-situational/component analysis applicable in communication theory. The combination of new and traditional methods makes it possible, firstly, to optimize the traditional time-tested methods of comparing languages of different origins, and, secondly, to correct results of the comparative study in a communicative aspect. The study focuses on materials of the Tatar and Russian languages, since the latter coexist in one region and closely interact via Russian-Tatar bilingualism. Results. The use of comprehensive communicative/linguistic techniques yields a described universal action (deictic) category — implementing spatial coordination of participants and speech objects — for languages of different types. The study identifies spatial communicative indicators common to languages, features of action processes and means of their expression. Particular attention is paid to differences in the implementation of spatial deixis in the languages compared. Conclusions. Grammatically and communicatively, deixis is central to Russian and Tatar pronominal systems. Regular deictic means include key types of pronouns, such as personal, possessive, personal-demonstrative, and demonstrative ones. Functional qualities of all other pronouns and non-pronominal deictics are determined through relations with these central types.
Economic burden of complicated ureteral stent removal in patients with kidney stone disease in the USA
Authors: Ghani Khurshid R , Rojanasarot Sirikan , Cutone Ben , Bhattacharyya Samir K , Krambeck Amy E
Published: October 2022

Aim:
To examine the medical costs of simple versus complicated ureteral stent removal.
Materials & methods:
We included adults with kidney stones undergoing simple or complicated cystoscopy-based stent removal (CBSR) post ureteroscopy from the 2014 to 2018 Merative™ MarketScan
®
Commercial Database. The medical costs of patients with complicated and simple CBSR were compared.
Results:
Among 16,682 patients, 2.8% had complicated CBSR. Medical costs for patients with complicated CBSR were higher than for simple CBSR ($2182 [USD] vs $1162; p < 0.0001). Increased stenting time, increased age, southern US geography and encrusted stent diagnoses were significantly associated with complicated CBSR.
Conclusion:
Complicated ureteral stent removal doubled the medical costs associated with CBSR. Ureteral stents with anti-encrustation qualities may reduce the need for complicated CBSR and associated costs.
Panton-Valentine Leucocidin-Positive Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriers in a Tertiary Hospital in Selangor-Malaysia
Authors: Samsudin Syahirah , Al-Talib Hassanain , Zain Zaini Mohd
Published: October 2022

Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus that causes leukocyte destruction and tissue necrosis. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the rate, antimicrobial susceptibility, associated risk factors, and the phylogenetic relationship of PVL-positive S. aureus nasal carriers among patients and nurses. The research methods included the collection of 315 nasal specimens obtained from inpatients and nurses. The identification of S. aureus was confirmed by a coagulase test. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique was used to affirm PVL-positive S. aureus. The antibiotic sensitivity of S. aureus isolates was carried out using the disk diffusion method. The phylogenetic similarity of PVL-positive S. aureus was identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This study revealed that 160 out of 315 (50.8%) isolates were S. aureus. In addition, 7/160 (4.4%) had the lukS gene (six MSSA and one MRSA). The PVL-positive S. aureus isolates were 100% sensitive to gentamicin, linezolid, mupirocin, rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, teicoplanin, tigecycline, and vancomycin. The risk factor analysis revealed that a longer hospital stay, nasogastric intubation, and runny nose were significant risk factors for patients to be PVL-positive S. aureus nasal carriers. A phylogenetic similarity analysis of PVL-positive isolates showed five models and they were distantly correlated. Therefore, the current study will provide knowledge to the hospital infectious control authority.
Review on Population Pharmacokinetics of Amikacin in Paediatrics
Authors: Chandrasekar Keerthana , Navaswetha T , Vasudevan Hemalatha , Kumar S. Naveen , Arun K.P.
Published: October 2022

Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with a broad-spectrum bacterial coverage that is frequently utilized both as monotherapy and in combination with other antibiotics for severe bacterial infections in the paediatric population. The narrow therapeutic index of the drug and high inter-individual variabilities in drug exposure results in either drug toxicity or subtherapeutic concentrations. Thus, therapeutic drug monitoring and population pharmacokinetics are pivotal to facilitate the optimal dosage regimens in paediatrics and negate the adverse outcomes. The therapeutic goal is to maintain the target peak and trough concentrations within 30-40mg/l and <5 mg/l respectively. This review aimed to summarize population pharmacokinetic considerations and the pharmacokinetic parameters of amikacin across the paediatric population.
A Study on the Errors in the use of transformational endings of Korean Learners in Chinese Language
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Li Wenhua , Han Seung Kyu
Published: October 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the overall transformational ending errors of Korean Learners in Chinese Language and examine the patterns and types of errors. Methods For this purpose, 1,467 examples of grammatical ending errors by Korean Learners in Chinese Language were analyzed from the error annotation corpus constructed by the National Institute of the Korean Language. Among them, there were 1,040 errors in written language and 427 errors in spoken language. After analyzing learners' errors by dividing them into written and spoken words, the types, patterns, and levels of errors for each proficiency level from beginner to advanced were examined. Results Korean Learners in Chinese Language showed a similar tendency to use transformational endings in written and spoken words. In general, the error forms of mainly adjective endings were calculated relatively. In addition, the types of errors shown with high error rate in written language are ‘syntactic error’ and ‘form error’. A high rate of error in spoken language is ‘pronunciation error’. Also, errors in the form of ‘replacement’ were found with high frequency in written and spoken words. Lastly, ‘misformal aspect + form error’ and ‘replacement aspect + syntactic error’ appeared relatively frequently from intermediate to advanced in written or spoken language. Conclusions This study is meaningful in that it looked at the types of errors in the transformational endings that appeared in each stage of the Korean Learners in Chinese Language according to the level and pattern of the error targeting the error annotation learners corpus of the National Institute of the Korean Language. In particular, considering that there are more errors in the transformational endings produced by intermediate and advanced learners, it is necessary to continuously educate Korean Learners in Chinese Language from beginner to advanced in the educational field.
Analysis of the meaning of the village education community on the learning and growth of adolescents: Focusing on the case of Momgsil School in Uijeongbu
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Hong Je Nam , Kim Hye Won
Published: October 2022

Objectives This study is to present and explore the impact and meaning of the village education community's activities, which are being carried out beyond schools to villages in the context of educational innovation, on the learning and growth of adolescents, and then attempts to provide implications for the direction of educational innovation. Methods By reviewing preceding researches, this study explores the meaning of the village education community in the context of educational innovation and conducts purposive sampling on Mongsil School, which was judged to be suitable for the purpose of the study, the adolescent self-governing learning place located in Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi-do through study in advance. For about 2 years, participatory observation, ethnographic approach, semi-structured depth interview(39 people including adolescents, young adults and adult activists etc.) and surveys for basic research were conducted simultaneously and the data collected thereby were analyzed with various documents related to the subject of study. Results First, the village education community has become an emotional space where adolescents can rest and be cared for after school. Second, adolescents have formed relationships with the world around them by working with various members other than the school, and through this, they were newly aware of the world and community in which they live, and formed a sense of ownership of the village. Third, the adolescents have been discovering their talents anew and their motivation for learning has been growing, experiencing ‘real learning’ through various challenges and experimental activities in the village education community. And a positive transfer has been taking place in their school life. Conclusions Adolescents have been growing up as subjects of their own lives by experiencing various independent and challenging experiences at the village school, a village education community. This means that the village education community should cooperate and support the whole development of adolescents along with school education, as the saying goes, ‘It takes a village to raise a child’. Schools also need to play the role of lifelong education institutions in the local community through spatial restructuring. The results of this study imply a lot to the direction of education innovation after.