bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology And Its Role In Supporting Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence: A Literature Review
Authors: Kale Era Dorihi , Rumambo Pandin Moses Glorino
Published: December 2021

Compliance with TB treatment has now become a problem that must be handled seriously because the high non-adherence rate will give a bad contribution to the success of TB treatment, including MDR-TB and also morbidity and mortality. Many innovations have been made to improve TB treatment adherence, one of which is using mobile-based technology. This article aims to explore the effectiveness of the technology used to improve treatment adherence in TB patients: types, ways of working, advantages, and limitations of each application. This is a systematic review through searching 3 databases, namely Scopus, WoS, and Science Direct. Some of the advantages in applying technology to improve TB treatment adherence are easy to use if you understand how to operate tools/applications are cost-effective because they reduce transportation costs in reaching remote areas or in conditions of transportation difficulties such as after a disaster, the use of this technology provides patient satisfaction in treatment and facilitates the involvement of the family/support system in the treatment of patients. Several things must be considered (limitations) of the technology to be used, including experts, patient knowledge and skills, economic condition, electricity availability, and whether the technology used will not increase the burden on patients related to the stigma of TB disease. We can conclude that the use of technology is indeed very good in supporting the improvement of TB treatment adherence, but the selection of this application must pay attention to the characteristics of the population as well as the advantages and limitations of each application.
Physiological and Psychological Effects of Parental Traditional Thai Massage on Children with Autism: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ruan Hui , Eungpinichpong Wichai , Wu Hua , Aonsri Chanada
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Although many autistic children receive massage as a complementary therapy, it is not included in evidence-based practices for autism since evidence of its efficacy is lacking. Further, prior studies have failed to identify objective indicators of core symptoms or elucidate their mechanisms. We developed a parent-delivered traditional Thai massage (TTM) on children intervention with autism, aim is to access the physiological (gait and heart rate variability) and psychological effects of intervention.

Methods and analysis

A two-armed, parallel randomized controlled trial study will recruit forty-eight children with autism from the XX Special Education School at the beginning of Febuary2022. They will be randomly assigned to either a parental TTM or control group with a ratio of 1:1. Individuals in the parental TTM group will receive 16 parent-delivered TTM sessions over 8 weeks. The outcome will be assessed on admission, after 8 weeks, and as well as at 2-month follow-up, including the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist score, heart rate variability, gait, and parenting stress index.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approved by the Khon Kaen University Ethics Committee for Human Research (XXXX). Result will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and give presentations in domestic and international academic conferences to further promote communication.

Trial registration number

XXXXXX

Strengths and limitations of this study

This will be the first RCT to explore parental TTM in terms of its physiological and psychological effects on children with autism.

Compared with previous studies, we access the objective index to discuss the possible mechanisms of observed effects.

Our study may highlight the value of complementary and alternative therapies for adjunctive treatment of autism to enhance family-based interventions

Both parents and blind teachers will evaluate for effects to decreases the subjectivity of bias. And the variability massage manipulation by parents is minimized by training with experts, examinations, and supervision.
Neutralising antibody activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron, in an elderly cohort vaccinated with BNT162b2
Authors: Newman Joseph , Thakur Nazia , Peacock Thomas P. , Bialy Dagmara , Elreafey Ahmed ME , Bogaardt Carlijn , Horton Daniel L. , Ho Sammy , Kankeyan Thivya , Carr Christine , Hoschler Katja , Barclay Wendy S. , Amirthalingam Gayatri , Brown Kevin , Charleston Bryan , Bailey Dalan
Published: December 2021

SARS-CoV-2 variants threaten the effectiveness of tools we have developed to mitigate against serious COVID-19. This is especially true in clinically vulnerable sections of society including the elderly. Using sera from BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) vaccinated individuals aged between 70 and 89 (vaccinated with two doses 3-weeks apart) we examined the neutralising antibody (nAb) response to wildtype SARS-CoV-2. Between 3 and 20-weeks post 2nddose, nAb titres dropped 4.9-fold to a median titre of 21.3 (ND80) with 21.6% of individuals having no detectable nAbs at the later time point. Experiments examining the neutralisation of twenty-one different SARS-CoV-2 variant spike proteins confirmed a significant potential for antigenic escape, especially for the Omicron (BA.1), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2), Theta (P.3), C.1.2 and B.1.638 variants. Interestingly, however, the recently-emerged sub-lineage AY.4.2 was more efficiently neutralised than parental Delta pseudotypes. Combining pseudotype neutralisation with specific receptor binding domain (RBD) ELISAs we confirmed that changes to position 484 in the spike RBD were predominantly responsible for SARS-CoV-2 nAb escape, although the effect of spike mutations is both combinatorial and additive. Lastly, using sera from the same individuals boosted with a 3rddose of BNT162b2 we showed that high overall levels of neutralising antibody titre can provide significant levels of cross-protection against Omicron. These data provide evidence that SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies wane over time and that antigenically variable SARS-CoV-2 variants are circulating, highlighting the importance of ongoing surveillance and booster programmes. Furthermore, they provide important data to inform risk assessment of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Omicron, as they emerge.
Three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine confer neutralising antibody capacity against the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of concern
Authors: Ariën Kevin K. , Heyndrickx Leo , Michiels Johan , Vereecken Katleen , Van Lent Kurt , Coppens Sandra , Pannus Pieter , Martens Geert A. , Van Esbroeck Marjan , Goossens Maria E. , Marchant Arnaud , Bartholomeeusen Koen , Desombere Isabelle
Published: December 2021

We report the levels of neutralising antibodies against Wuhan, Delta and Omicron variants in healthy individuals pre-infected or not with SARS-CoV-2 and immunized with three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Our observations support the rapid administration of a booster vaccine dose to prevent infection and disease caused by Omicron.
Tracking community infection dynamics of COVID-19 by monitoring SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater, counting positive reactions by qPCR
Authors: Zhao Bo , Yu Zaizhi , Fujita Tomonori , Nihei Yoshiaki , Tanaka Hiroaki , Ihara Masaru
Published: December 2021

Wastewater-based epidemiology has proved useful for monitoring the COVID-19 infection dynamics in communities. However, in some countries, low concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater make this difficult. Getting meaningful information from wastewater-based epidemiology in regions of low prevalence remains a key challenge. Here we used real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) to monitor SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater from October 2020 to February 2021 during the third wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan. Viral RNA was below the limit of quantification in all samples. However, by counting the positive reactions in repeated qPCR of each sample, we found that the ratio of positive reactions to all tests in wastewater was significantly correlated with the number of clinically confirmed cases by the date of symptom onset during periods of both increasing and decreasing infection. Time-step analysis indicated that COVID-19 patients excreted large amounts of virus in their feces 2 days either side of symptom onset, which wastewater surveillance could detect. The positive count method is thus useful for tracing COVID-19 dynamics in regions of low prevalence.

Highlights

Positive ratio by repeated qPCR of low target-molecule numbers correlated with number expected from Poisson distribution.

Positive ratio by repeated RT-qPCR of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater tracked the infection dynamics of COVID-19 in a region of low prevalence.

Positive ratios correlated with number of new cases by date of symptom onset.

COVID-19 patients might excrete more virus in their feces in the period from 2 days before to 2 days after symptom onset.
Ex-vivo mucolytic and anti-inflammatory activity of BromAc in tracheal aspirates from COVID-19
Authors: Coelho dos Reis Jordana Grazziela A. , Ferreira Geovane Marques , Lourenço Alice Aparecida , Ribeiro Ágata Lopes , Martins da Mata Camila Pacheco da Silveira , de Melo Oliveira Patrícia , de Almeida Marques Daisymara Priscila , Ferreira Linziane Lopes , Clarindo Felipe Alves , da Silva Murillo Ferreira , Póvoas Filho Heitor Portella , Oliveira Junior Nilson Roberto Ribeiro , D’Carmo Sodré Maisah Meyhr , Gadelha Sandra Rocha , Albuquerque George Rego , Maciel Bianca Mendes , Melo Mariano Ana Paula , de Melo Silva Mylene , Fontana Renato , Marin Lauro Juliano , Alberto Carlos Renata Santiago , Sampaio Lopes Amanda Teixeira , Ferreira Fabrício Barbosa , dos Santos Uener Ribeiro , de Santana Íris Terezinha Santos , Fehlberg Hllytchaikra Ferraz , Rezende Rachel Passos , Dias João Carlos T , Gross Eduardo , Castro Goulart Gisele Assis , Santiago Marie Gabriele , de Lemos Ana Paula Motta Lavigne , da Conceição Aline O , Romano Carla Cristina , de Carvalho Luciana Debortoli , Martins Filho Olindo Assis , Quadros Claudio Almeida , Valle Sarah J , Morris David L
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 is a lethal disease caused by the pandemic SARS-CoV-2, which continues to be a public health threat. COVID-19 is principally a respiratory disease and is often associated with sputum retention, for which there are limited therapeutic options. In this regard, we evaluated the use of BromAc®, a combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (NAC). Both drugs present mucolytic effect and have been studied to treat COVID-19. Therefore, we sought to examine the mucolytic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effect of BromAc®in tracheal aspirate samples from critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation.

Method

Tracheal aspirate samples from COVID-19 patients were collected following next of kin consent and mucolysis, rheometry and cytokine storm analysis was performed.

Results

BromAc®displayed a robust mucolytic effect in a dose dependent manner. BromAc®showed anti-inflammatory activity, reducing the action of cytokine storm, chemokines including MIP-1alpha, CXCL8, MIP-1b, MCP-1 and IP-10, and regulatory cytokines IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 IL-1RA and total reduction for IL-9 compared to NAC alone and control. BromAc®acted on IL-6, demonstrating a reduction in G-CSF and VEGF-D at concentrations of 125 and 250µg.

Conclusion

These results indicate robust mucolytic and anti-inflammatory effect of BromAc®in tracheal aspirates from critically ill COVID-19 patients, indicating its potential as a therapeutic strategy to COVID-19.
Analysis of anti-Omicron neutralizing antibody titers in different vaccinated and unvaccinated convalescent plasma sources
Authors: Sullivan David J , Franchini Massimo , Joyner Michael J. , Casadevall Arturo , Focosi Daniele
Published: December 2021

The latest SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern Omicron, with its immune escape from therapeutic anti-Spike monoclonal antibodies and WA-1 vaccine-elicited sera, demonstrates the continued relevance of COVID- 19 convalescent plasma (CCP) therapies. Lessons learnt from previous usage of CCP suggests focusing on early outpatients and immunocompromised recipients, with high neutralizing antibody (nAb) titer units. In this analysis we systematically reviewed Omicron-neutralizing plasma activity data, and found that approximately 47% (424/902) of CCP from unvaccinated pre-Omicron donors neutralizes Omicron BA.1 with a very low geomean of geometric mean titers for 50% neutralization GM(GMT50) of about 13, representing a more than 20-fold reduction from WA-1 neutralization. Two doses of mRNA vaccines in nonconvalescent subjects had a similar 50% percent neutralization with Omicron BA.1 neutralization GM(GMT(50)) of about 27. However, plasma from vaccinees recovered from either previous pre-Omicron variants of concern infection, Omicron BA.1 infection, or third-dose uninfected vaccinees was nearly 100% neutralizing against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5 with GM(GMT(50)) all over 189, 10 times higher than pre-Omicron CCP. Fully vaccinated and post-BA.1 plasma (Vax-CCP) had GM(GMT50) over 450 for BA.4/5 and over 1500 for BA.1 and BA.2. These findings have implications for both CCP stocks collected in prior pandemic periods and plans to restart CCP collections. Thus, Vax-CCP provides an effective tool to combat ongoing variants that defeat therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.
A novel methodology for the synchronous collection and multimodal visualisation of continuous neurocardiovascular and neuromuscular physiological data in adults with long COVID
Authors: Xue Feng , Monaghan Ann , Jennings Glenn , Byrne Lisa , Foran Tim , Duggan Eoin , Romero-Ortuno Roman
Published: December 2021

Reports suggest that adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome or long COVID may be affected by orthostatic intolerance syndromes, with autonomic nervous system dysfunction as a possible causal factor of neurocardiovascular instability (NCVI). Long COVID can also manifest as prolonged fatigue, which may be linked to neuromuscular function impairment (NMFI). The current clinical assessment for NCVI monitors neurocardiovascular performance upon the application of orthostatic stressors such as an active (i.e. self-induced) stand or a passive (tilt table) standing test. Lower limb muscle contractions may be important in orthostatic recovery via the skeletal muscle pump. In this study, adults with long COVID were assessed with a protocol that, in addition to the standard NCVI tests, incorporated simultaneous lower limb muscle monitoring for NMFI assessment. To accomplish such an investigation, a wide range of continuous non-invasive biomedical technologies were employed, including digital artery photoplethysmography for the extraction of cardiovascular signals, near-infrared spectroscopy for the extraction of regional tissue oxygenation in brain and muscle, and electromyography for assessment of timed muscle contractions in the lower limbs. With the novel technique described and exemplified in this paper, we were able to integrate signals from all instruments used in the assessment in a precisely synchronized fashion. We demonstrate that it is possible to visualize the interactions between all different physiological signals during the combined NCVI/NMFI assessment. Multiple counts of evidence were collected, which can capture the dynamics between skeletal muscle contractions and neurocardiovascular responses. The proposed multimodal data visualization can offer an overview of the functioning of the muscle pump during both supine rest and orthostatic recovery and can conduct comparison studies with signals from multiple participants at any given time in the assessment. This could help researchers and clinicians generate and test hypotheses based on the multimodal inspection of raw data, in long COVID and other clinical cohorts.
Healthcare workers’ COVID-19 Omicron variant uncertainty-related stress, resilience, and coping strategies during the first week of World Health Organization alert
Authors: Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Alenezi Shuliweeh , Al-Arabi Mohamad , Aljamaan Fadi , Alhasan Khalid , Assiri Rasha , Bassrawi Rolan , Alshahrani Fatimah , Alhaboob Ali , Alaraj Ali , Alharbi Naser S , Halwani Rabih , Jamal Amr , Abdulmajeed Naif , Alfarra Lina , Almashdali Wafa , Al-Eyadhy Ayman , AlZamil Fahad , Al-Subaie Sarah , Barry Mazin , Memish Ziad A. , Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A.
Published: December 2021

Background

As the COVID-19 Omicron variant emerged and spread globally at an alarming speed, healthcare workers’ (HCWs) uncertainties, worries, resilience, and coping strategies warrant assessment. The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe psychological impact on HCWs, including the development of Post-Traumatic Stress symptoms. Specific subgroups of HCWs, such as front-line and female workers, were more prone to poor mental health outcomes and difficulties facing stress.

Methods

The responses to an online questionnaire among HCWs in Saudi Arabia (KSA) were collected December 1-5, 2021, aiming to assess their Omicron variant’s uncertainties, worries, resilience, and coping strategies. Three validated instruments were used to achieve the study’s goals: the Brief Resilient Coping Scale, the Standard Stress Scale (SSS), and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS) - Short Form.

Results

The online survey was completed by 1285 HCWs. Females made up the majority (64%). The BRCS score of resilient coping was negatively and substantially linked with the SSS score of stress (r=-0.313, p = 0.010). Furthermore, the IUS had a positive and significant relationship with stress (r=0.326, p= 0.010). Increased stress levels were linked to a considerable drop in resilient coping scores. Furthermore, being a Saudi HCW or a nurse was linked to a significant reduction in resilient coping ratings. Coping by following healthcare authorities’ preventative instructions and using the WHO website as a source of information was linked to a considerable rise in resilient coping.

Conclusions

Following the emergence of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2021, a rapid investigation into the correlates of stress and resilient coping among the HCWs in KSA was conducted. The negative association between resilient coping and stress was clearly shown, as well as how underlying intolerance of uncertainty is linked to higher stress among HCWs quickly following the development of a new infectious threat. The study provides early insights to develop and promote coping strategies for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Multi-omics and 3D-imaging reveal bone heterogeneity and unique calvaria cells in neuroinflammation
Authors: Kolabas Zeynep Ilgin , Kuemmerle Louis B. , Perneczky Robert , Förstera Benjamin , Büttner Maren , Caliskan Ozum Sehnaz , Ali Mayar , Rong Zhouyi , Mai Hongcheng , Hummel Selina , Bartos Laura M. , Biechele Gloria , Zatcepin Artem , Albert Natalie L. , Unterrainer Marcus , Gnörich Johannes , Zhao Shan , Khalin Igor , Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Molbay Muge , Sterr Michael , Kunze Ines , Stanic Karen , Besson-Girard Simon , Kopczak Anna , Katzdobler Sabrina , Palleis Carla , Gokce Ozgun , Lickert Heiko , Steinke Hanno , Bechmann Ingo , Buerger Katharina , Levin Johannes , Haass Christian , Dichgans Martin , Havla Joachim , Kümpfel Tania , Kerschensteiner Martin , Simons Mikael , Plesnila Nikolaus , Krahmer Natalie , Bhatia Harsharan Singh , Erener Suheda , Hellal Farida , Brendel Matthias , Theis Fabian J. , Erturk Ali
Published: December 2021

The meninges of the brain are an important component of neuroinflammatory response. Diverse immune cells move from the calvaria marrow into the dura mater via recently discovered skull-meninges connections (SMCs). However, how the calvaria bone marrow is different from the other bones and whether and how it contributes to human diseases remain unknown. Using multi-omics approaches and whole mouse transparency we reveal that bone marrow cells are highly heterogeneous across the mouse body. The calvaria harbors the most distinct molecular signature with hundreds of differentially expressed genes and proteins. Acute brain injury induces skull-specific alterations including increased calvaria cell numbers. Moreover, TSPO-positron-emission-tomography imaging of stroke, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative disease patients demonstrate disease-associated uptake patterns in the human skull, mirroring the underlying brain inflammation. Our study indicates that the calvaria is more than a physical barrier, and its immune cells may present new ways to control brain pathologies.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

Bone marrow across the mouse body display heterogeneity in their molecular profile

Calvaria cells have a distinct profile that is relevant to brain pathologies

Brain native proteins are identified in calvaria in pathological states

TSPO-PET imaging of the human skull can be a proxy of neuroinflammation in the brain

Supplementary Videos can be seen at: http://discotechnologies.org/Calvaria/
eIF4A2 targets developmental potency and histone H3.3 transcripts for translational control of stem cell pluripotency
Authors: Li Dan , Yang Jihong , Huang Xin , Zhou Hongwei , Wang Jianlong
Published: December 2021

Translational control has emerged as a fundamental regulatory layer of proteome complexity that governs cellular identity and functions. As initiation is the rate-limiting step of translation, we carried out an RNAi screen for key translation initiation factors required to maintain embryonic stem cell (ESC) identity. We identified eIF4A2 and defined its mechanistic action through Rps26-independent and -dependent ribosomes in translation initiation activation of mRNAs encoding pluripotency factors and the histone variant H3.3 with demonstrated roles in maintaining stem cell pluripotency. eIF4A2 also mediates translation initiation activation of Ddx6, which acts together with eIF4A2 to restrict the totipotent 2-cell transcription program in ESCs through Zscan4 mRNA degradation and translation repression. Accordingly, knockdown of eIF4A2 disrupts ESC proteome causing the loss of ESC identity. Collectively, we establish a translational paradigm of the protein synthesis of pluripotency transcription factors and epigenetic regulators imposed on their established roles in controlling pluripotency.
Optogenetic frequency scrambling of hippocampal theta oscillations dissociates working memory retrieval from hippocampal spatiotemporal codes
Authors: Etter Guillaume , van der Veldt Suzanne , Choi Jisoo , Williams Sylvain
Published: December 2021

The precise temporal coordination of activity in the brain is thought to be fundamental for memory encoding and retrieval. Pacemaker GABAergic neurons in the medial septum (MS) provide the largest source of innervation to the hippocampus and play a major role in controlling hippocampal theta (~8 Hz) oscillations. While pharmacological inhibition of the MS is known to disrupt memory, the exact role of MS inhibitory neurons and theta frequency rhythms in hippocampal representations and memory is not fully understood. Here, we dissociate the role of theta rhythms in spatiotemporal coding and memory using an all-optical interrogation and recording approach in freely behaving mice. We propose a novel paradigm to dissociate encoding of space, time and distance in freely moving mice and apply complementary optogenetic stimulation paradigms of MS GABAergic neurons to either pace or abolish theta altogether while recording large hippocampal cell assemblies using calcium imaging conjointly. We first show that optogenetic frequency scrambling of MS GABAergic neuron activity abolished theta rhythms and modulated the activity of a subpopulation of CA1 neurons. Such stimulation led to decreased memory retrieval in both a delayed non-match to sample task, a novel place object recognition task, as well as spontaneous cue-guided linear alternation. Strikingly, scrambled stimulations were not associated with disrupted encoding of place, time, distance, or multiplexed information. Our study suggests that theta rhythms play a specific and essential role in supporting working memory retrieval and maintenance while not being necessary for hippocampal spatiotemporal codes.
Improved immunoassay sensitivity and specificity using single-molecule colocalization
Authors: Hariri Amani A. , Newman Sharon S. , Tan Steven , Mamerow Dan , Eisenstein Michael , Dunn Alexander , Soh H. Tom
Published: December 2021

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are a cornerstone of modern molecular detection, but the technique still suffers some notable challenges. One of the biggest problems is discriminating true signal generated by target molecules versus non-specific background arising from the interaction of detection antibodies with the assay substrate or interferents in the sample matrix. Single-Molecule Colocalization Assay (SiMCA) overcomes this problem by employing total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to quantify target proteins based on the colocalization of fluorescent signal from orthogonally labeled capture and detection antibodies. By specifically counting colocalized fluorescent signals, we can essentially eliminate the confounding effects of background produced by non-specific binding of detection antibodies. We further employed a normalization strategy to account for the heterogeneous distribution of the capture antibodies, greatly improving the reproducibility of our measurements. In a series of experiments with TNF-α, we show that SiMCA can achieve a three-fold lower limit of detection compared to conventional single-color assays using the same antibodies and exhibits consistent performance for assays performed in complex specimens such as chicken serum and human blood. Our results help define the pernicious effects of non-specific background in immunoassays and demonstrate the diagnostic gains that can be achieved by eliminating those effects.
Enhancing turbulence: a potential strategy for drag reduction based on ground transportation systems (GTS) model
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Liu Zhuangzhi , Hu Yu
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanism and performance of a potential strategy, which is to enhance turbulence to carry out drag reduction for heavy trucks.

Design/methodology/approach

Enhancing turbulence deflector (ETD) was placed on the roof surface of an ground transportation system (GTS) to investigate the drag reduction mechanism of enhancing turbulence. Transition shear-stress transport improved delay detach eddy simulation model was adopted to simulate the unsteady small-scale flow around the ETD.

Findings

By optimizing the three influencing factors, diameter, streamwise length and streamwise position, the optimized ETD has achieved a maximum drag reduction of 7.04%. The analysis of flow field results shows that enhancing turbulence can effectively suppress flow separation and reduce the negative pressure intensity in the wake region of GTS.

Originality/value

The present work provides another potential possibility for the improvement of the aerodynamic performance of heavy trucks.
Temporal evolution of homicide mortality in Brazilian capitals from 2005 to 2019
Authors: Rodrigues Nádia Cristina Pinheiro , Lino Valéria Teresa Saraiva , Bastos Leonardo Soares , O'Dwyer Gisele , Monteiro Denise Leite Maia , Reis Inês Nascimento Carvalho , Frossard Vera Cecília , Andrade Mônica Kramer Noronha
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This study aims to improve our understanding of violence, focusing on the analysis of the relation between socioeconomic factors and homicide rates from 2005 to 2019 in Brazilian capitals.

Design/methodology/approach

Multilevel Poisson models were used to estimate the homicide risk in men and women. The response variable was the homicide rate. Fixed effects were estimated for age group, year and gross domestic product (GDP).

Findings

The average homicide rate over the 2005–2019 period was 5.83/100,000 and 83.72/100,000 for women and men, respectively. In both sexes, the homicide rates increased over the period. The highest mortality rates were observed in North and Northeastern capitals. The peak homicide rates were 2010–2014, the risk of homicide decreased as age increased, and the capitals with GDP lower than US$5,000 showed a greater homicide rate.

Originality/value

Brazil remains among the countries with the highest risk of homicide, especially in the north and northeast regions, where socioeconomic conditions are more unfavorable. The improvement of socioeconomic conditions may contribute to changing this situation.
Green claims, green washing and consumer protection in the European Union
Authors: Marcatajo Gabriella
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to offer some reflection on the importance of reliable green claims to encourage sustainable production. The role of market is fundamental. Businesses and consumers are both involved in achieving environmental protection objectives. There is the real risk of the phenomenon of so-called green washing or misleading marketing. The problem arises of verifying the reliability of green claims to prevent competitive elements from become distorting factors of competition.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the analysis of a European programme, the author shows how in Italy there is a dangerous lack of consumer protection. For this reason the European and national authorities have provided that green claims must be true, reliable, verifiable and comparable, but it is necessary that consumers be protected, through a certification system that makes it possible to certify the veracity of green claims. The problem is that a number of certification systems have been adopted in Europe which undermine the competitiveness of the market for green products.

Findings

This work aims to identify the tools necessary to make green indications more reliable, but above all to create a common methodology on which to base them. In this direction, companies wishing to advertise the ecological characteristics of their products should be required to provide the supporting demonstrations on the basis of a standard methodology assessing their actual environmental impact.

Originality/value

This work will examine the problem of green washing and the importance of reliable green claims for environmental protection. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the original work of the author and has not been submitted elsewhere for publication.
Assessing technology adoption practices in Chinese theme parks: text mining and sentiment analysis
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Li Bin , Milman Ady , Hua Nan
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine technology adoption practices in Chinese theme parks by leveraging text mining and sentiment analysis approaches on actual theme park customers’ online reviews.

Design/methodology/approach

The study text mined a total of 65,518 reviews of 490 Chinese theme parks with the aid of the Python program. Further, it computed sentiment scores of the customer reviews associated with the ratings of each categorized technology practice applied in the theme parks.

Findings

The study identified two major categories of technology applications in theme parks: supporting and experiential technologies. Multiple statistical tests confirmed that supporting technologies consisted of three types: intelligent services, ticketing and in-park transportation. Experiential technologies further included five aspects of technologies according to Schmitt’s strategic experiential modules (SEMs): sense, feel, act, think and relate.

Originality/value

The study findings contribute to the current understanding of theme park visitors’ perceptions of technology adoption practices and provide insightful implications for theme park practitioners who intend to invest in high technology solutions to deliver a better customer experience.
Between awareness of halal food products and awareness of halal-certified food products
Authors: Usman Hardius , Chairy Chairy , Projo Nucke Widowati Kusumo
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study are: to study the difference between halal awareness and halal certified awareness, and the relationship between the two variables; to study the differences in knowledge about halal and halal certified, as well as their relationship with halal awareness and halal certified awareness; and to build and test research models regarding factors that affect certified halal awareness.

Design/methodology/approach

The target population is Muslims who live in Indonesia and are 18 years old or more. The self-administered survey method is carried out based on a purposive sampling technique. The authors collect data from 428 Muslim respondents in Indonesia through an online survey. This study applies the partial least square–structural equation model to examine causal relationships and test hypotheses.

Findings

This study reveals several results: halal awareness is a different concept from halal-certified awareness; knowledge of halal is a different concept from knowledge of halal certificates; awareness is an outcome of knowledge, but knowledge is not an outcome of awareness; halal awareness has a significant effect on halal-certified awareness; knowledge about halal certificates has a significant effect on halal-certified awareness, but knowledge about halal does not have a significant effect; knowledge of halal certificates is not influenced by knowledge of halal and halal awareness; and exposure and religious commitment have a significant role in increasing knowledge and awareness.

Originality/value

Research that explores the difference between halal awareness and halal certified awareness, and Muslim knowledge about halal and halal certified, especially in the context of halal-certified food, is still very limited in the literature provided, if not unavailable. Furthermore, this study also builds and tests research models regarding the factors that affect certified halal awareness, which is limited or may not have been found in the literature.
A theoretical framework for identifying appropriate marketing approaches across the product development life cycle for biomedical science SMEs
Authors: Vahadane Shashwati Sanjay , Clarke Andrew Paul
Published: December 2021

Purpose

An investigation of the marketing approaches for biomedical science small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and organisations in the United Kingdom (UK) was carried out; the research question is as follows: Should the marketing approaches for biomedical science SMEs change as their product or service moves along the development life cycle?

Design/methodology/approach

An online questionnaire was used, which petitioned biomedical science SMEs and organisations in the UK to investigate the marketing tactics or approaches used for the different products and services they offered; the results were analysed by comparing the results to recognised marketing approaches in the literature and by mapping those approaches against the established technology readiness levels (TRLs).

Findings

A direct relationship was seen between the status of a product or service in relation to its development life cycle, and therefore the relevant TRL of the product and service, and the appropriate marketing approach for that product or service.

Originality/value

This paper offers a contribution to the literature, in which a theoretical framework is proposed for determining the appropriate marketing approach for biomedical science SMEs by understanding the maturity of the products offered by a company using the established TRL. The theoretical framework maps the TRL against known marketing approaches; this framework should be used as a guide for biomedical science SMEs as a tool to refine and evolve their overall marketing approach as the product portfolio matures along the TRL.
The contemporary state of big data analytics and artificial intelligence towards intelligent supply chain risk management: a comprehensive review
Authors: Shah Harsh M. , Gardas Bhaskar B. , Narwane Vaibhav S. , Mehta Hitansh S.
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to conduct a systematic literature review of the research in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data Analytics (BDA) in Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM). Finally, future research directions in this field have been suggested.

Design/methodology/approach

The papers were searched using a set of keywords in the SCOPUS database. These papers were filtered using the Title abstract keywords principle. Further, more papers were found using the forward-backward referencing method. The finalized papers were then classified into eight categories.

Findings

The previous papers in AI and BDA in SCRM were studied. These papers emphasized various modelling and application techniques for AI and BDA in making the supply chain (SC) more resilient. It was found that more research has been done into conceptual modelling rather than real-life applications. It was seen that the use of AI-based techniques and structural equation modelling was prominent.

Practical implications

AI and BDA help build the risk profile, which will guide the decision-makers and risk managers make their decisions quickly and more effectively, reducing the risks on the SC and making it resilient. Other than this, they can predict the risks in disasters, epidemics and any further disruption. They also help select the suppliers and location of the various elements of the SC to reduce the lead times.

Originality/value

The paper suggests various future research directions that fellow researchers can explore. None of the previous research examined the role of BDA and AI in SCRM.
Effect of buyer dependency of subcontracting SMEs on R&D investment
Authors: Lee Pyoungsoo , Lim Sohee , Cho Hyejin
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This study aims to focus on the subcontracting relationship between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and business group buyers and analyze the effect of the level of buyer dependency on R&D intensity. The primary prediction is that buyer dependency and R&D intensity have a non-linear relationship, showing an inverted U-shaped relationship. Furthermore, the moderating effect of founder CEOs and internationalization is explored.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 546 firm-level survey responses were collected from Korean subcontracting SMEs provided by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups and the Korea Venture Business Association.

Findings

A lower level of dependency on business group buyers promotes R&D investment, while excessive dependence reduces R&D investment. Moreover, founder CEOs and internationalization decrease the effect of buyer dependency on R&D investment, implying that both firm characteristics are associated with a long-term focus and promote R&D investment.

Research limitations/implications

This research contributes to the literature on the special form of the buyer–supplier relationship, that is, subcontracting. Subcontracting has a contradictory effect on R&D investment based on large group buyer dependency, and this relationship is moderated by the founder CEO and internationalization.

Practical implications

This study provides insights to managers and practitioners governing SME subcontracting by showing that the level of buyer dependency is better managed in promoting innovation, and the long-term perspective allows SMEs to be less affected by buyer dependency.

Originality/value

This study extends the literature by focusing on the non-linear relationship between buyer dependency and R&D intensity of subcontracting SMEs. This approach addresses the contradicting results suggested by prior supply chain management literature and suggests that the level of buyer dependency should be considered when analyzing the subcontracting relationship.
The distinctions of Heideggerian phenomenological research method
Authors: Pham Son TH
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This current paper attempts to bring more light to the current debate of understanding phenomenological research methods, in order to clarify the interpretive phenomenological inquiry with Heidegger's philosophy of phenomenology.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uniquely presents the three distinctions of Heideggerian thoughts in conducting interpretive phenomenological research: (1) realizing the problem of identity; (2) recognizing the inadequacy of ontology; and (3) interpreting the subject matter through historical critiques.

Findings

The paper also discusses the basis of phenomenological research issues of a priori knowledge, data analysis process and qualitative research issues of validity, reliability, and creditability. In the conclusion and recommendation, this paper suggests six key points to implement a proper research strategy to employ Heideggerian phenomenological inquiry in social science and policymaking research where investigators are dealing with the multiplicity of existing and alternative worldviews.

Originality/value

The paper idea is fresh and adds new knowledge to the field.
Multi-jet ice 3D printing
Authors: Kamble Pushkar Prakash , Chavan Subodh , Hodgir Rajendra , Gote Gopal , Karunakaran K.P.
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Multi-jet deposition of the materials is a matured technology used for graphic printing and 3 D printing for a wide range of materials. The multi-jet technology is fine-tuned for liquids with a specific range of viscosity and surface tension. However, the use of multi-jet for low viscosity fluids like water is not very popular. This paper aims to demonstrate the technique, particularly for the water-ice 3 D printing. 3 D printed ice parts can be used as patterns for investment casting, templates for microfluidic channel fabrication, support material for polymer 3 D printing, etc.

Design/methodology/approach

Multi-jet ice 3 D printing is a novel technique for producing ice parts by selective deposition and freezing water layers. The paper confers the design, embodiment and integration of various subsystems of multi-jet ice 3 D printer. The outcomes of the machine trials are reported as case studies with elaborate details.

Findings

The prismatic geometries are realized by ice 3 D printing. The accuracy of 0.1 mm is found in the build direction. The part height tends to increase due to volumetric expansion during the phase change.

Originality/value

The present paper gives a novel architecture of the ice 3 D printer that produces the ice parts with good accuracy. The potential applications of the process are deliberated in this paper.
The vertical distribution and temporal occurrence of three types of rice planthoppers in Shanghai
Authors: Wang Dongsheng , Wu Xiangwen , Yuan Yongda , Zhang Tianshu , Shen Huimei , Du Xingbin , Teng Haiyuan , Chang Xiaoli
Published: December 2021

In this study, we investigated the dynamic occurrence and vertical distribution of three types of rice planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, and Laodelphax striatellus) in Shanghai, China. Our results showed that S. furcifera and L. striatellus infested the lower part of rice plants in the early development stage, S. furcifera and L. striatellus inhabited every part of rice in the middle development stage, and L. striatellus and N. lugens formicated in the upper part of the rice plant in the posterior development stage. The populations of rice planthoppers were larger in July and September, Where more than 600 adult and nymphal planthoppers, per a hundred hills of rice, were found in late July, and out of the 600, the majority were the nymphs of S. furcifera and L. striatellus. S. furcifera was mainly found from July to October, L. striatellus during the rice development, and N. lugens after September, during which their maximal individual number, per a hundred hills of rice, was 480, 220, less than 50, respectively. In addition, our results showed that adult rice planthoppers were mostly observed from late August to mid‐October with the highest population being found during mid to late September. The adult S. furcifera, L. striatellus, and N. lugens were mostly observed in August and September, from August to October, and past mid‐September, respectively. Moreover, the number of adult L. striatellus that were sticking to yellow sticky card was significantly higher than that of S. furcifera and N. lugens.
Evaluation of cooking, nutritional, and quality characteristics of fresh‐cut potato slice pretreated with acetic acid
Authors: Gong Weihua , Shi Bingyan , Zeng Fan‐kui , Dong Nan , Lei Zunguo , Liu Jia
Published: December 2021

Fresh‐cut potato slices are very popular in the service of hot‐pots. However, the gelatinized starch easily escaping from the potato cells during cooking causes the thickening of beef tallow or soup in the hot‐pot. Thus, acetic acid is considered for solving the problem of potato slices. Besides, the nutritional and quality characteristics of potato slices are also evaluated in this study. Results show that 1.0%–1.5% (v/v) acetic acid treatment can decrease mass loss and starch digestion rate, and delay the degradation of ascorbic acid and deterioration of color and texture of potato slices. Such treatment also inhibits membrane oxidation and PPO activity, and increase the total phenolic accumulation of potato slice in 7‐day storage. The cell wall integrity of the potato slice is strengthened by acetic acid treatment, providing a strategy for the improvement of the boiling resistance of potato slice, and endowing potato slice with the digesting resistance.

Practical Application

Acid pretreatment would cause the intensification of potato cell wall, which finally decrease the in vitro digestibility through decrease of leakage of gelatinized starch from potato cell and the contact between gelatinized starch and digesting enzyme. This observation proved that the integrity of cell structure in vegetable is important for their processing quality improvement (especially for their hardness improvement after heating or fermentation).
MiR‐192/NKRF axis confers lung cancer cell chemoresistance to cisplatin via the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Li Yang , Zu Lingling , Wu Heng , Zhang Fang , Fan Yaguang , Pan Hongli , Du Xinxin , Guo Fengjie , Zhou Qinghua
Published: December 2021

Background

Chemoresistance influences the therapeutic effect of cisplatin and remains a major obstacle to its clinical use. MicroRNAs are associated with drug resistance of various tumors. However, the association between microRNAs and cisplatin in lung cancer remains largely unclear.

Methods

MicroRNA expression profile was identified by microRNA microarray between the lung cancer cisplatin‐sensitive cell line A549 (A549) and cisplatin‐resistant cell line A549/DDP (A549/DDP) and confirmed by quantitative real‐time‐PCR (qRT‐PCR). In vitro loss‐ and gain‐of‐function studies were performed to reveal the biological function of miR‐192 and related mechanism of the microRNA‐192/NKRF axis in lung cancer cell cisplatin resistance.

Results

Increased miR‐192 expression was detected in A549/DDP cells compared to A549. High miR‐192 expression significantly suppressed apoptosis, enhanced proliferation, and conferred resistance to cisplatin in lung cancer cells. NF‐κB repressing factor (NKRF), which is involved in the regulation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway, was identified as a direct target of miR‐192. Overexpression of miR‐192 significantly increased the nuclear protein amount and transcriptional activation of NF‐κB and expression of cIAP1, cIAP2, Bcl‐xl and XIAP, whereas decreased miR‐192 expression did the opposite. Inhibition of the NF‐κB signal pathway by curcumin reversed the effect of upregulation of miR‐192 on proliferation, apoptosis and cisplatin‐resistance in lung cancer cells. These results indicated that miR‐192/ NKRF axis enhances the cisplatin resistance of lung cancer cells through activating the NF‐κB pathway in vitro.

Conclusions

MiR‐192 plays a crucial role in cisplatin‐resistance of lung cancer cells. Thus, MiR‐192 may represent a therapeutic target for overcoming resistance to cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in lung cancer.