bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk prediction of atrial fibrillation and its complications in the community using hs troponin I
Authors: Börschel Christin S. , Geelhoed Bastiaan , Niiranen Teemu , Camen Stephan , Donati Maria Benedetta , Havulinna Aki S. , Gianfagna Francesco , Palosaari Tarja , Jousilahti Pekka , Kontto Jukka , Vartiainen Erkki , Ojeda Francisco M. , den Ruijter Hester M. , Costanzo Simona , de Gaetano Giovanni , Di Castelnuovo Augusto , Linneberg Allan , Vishram‐Nielsen Julie K. , Løchen Maja‐Lisa , Koenig Wolfgang , Jørgensen Torben , Kuulasmaa Kari , Blankenberg Stefan , Iacoviello Licia , Zeller Tanja , Söderberg Stefan , Salomaa Veikko , Schnabel Renate B.
Published: January 2023

Aims

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is becoming increasingly common. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) do not explain all AF cases. Blood‐based biomarkers reflecting cardiac injury such as high‐sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) may help close this gap.

Methods

We investigated the predictive ability of hsTnI for incident AF in 45,298 participants (median age 51.4 years, 45.0% men) across European community cohorts in comparison to CVRF and established biomarkers (C‐reactive protein, N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide).

Results

During a median follow‐up of 7.7 years, 1734 (3.8%) participants developed AF. Those in the highest hsTnI quarter (≥4.2 ng/L) had a 3.91‐fold (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.30, 4.63; p < .01) risk for developing AF compared to the lowest quarter (<1.4 ng/L). In multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards models a statistically significant association was seen between hsTnI and AF (hazard ratio (HR) per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in log10(hsTnI) 1.08; 95% CI 1.01, 1.16; p = .03). Inclusion of hsTnI did improve model discrimination (C‐index CVRF 0.811 vs. C‐index CVRF and hsTnI 0.813; p < .01). Higher hsTnI concentrations were associated with heart failure (HR per SD 1.37; 95% CI 1.12, 1.68; p < .01) and overall mortality (HR per SD 1.24; 95% CI 1.09, 1.41; p < .01).

Conclusion

hsTnI as a biomarker of myocardial injury does not improve prediction of AF incidence beyond classical CVRF and NT‐proBNP. However, it is associated with the AF‐related disease heart failure and mortality likely reflecting underlying subclinical cardiovascular impairment.
Reconfiguration of response‐set in task switching: Event‐related potential evidence
Authors: Xie Liufang , Cao Bihua , Chen Yun , Wu Jianxiao , Li Fuhong
Published: January 2023

In task switching, an interaction between task and response is often observed, with response repetition (RR) benefits in task‐repeat trials and RR costs in task‐switch trials. The theoretical accounts of the RR effect remain controversial, and neuroscience evidence is scarce. The present study utilized the event‐related potentials (ERPs) method to explore the neural mechanism underlying the RR effect by adopting a cued task‐switching paradigm. The ERP results revealed the interaction between task and response in the P3b time window, with a response switch positivity under task‐repetition conditions and an RR positivity under task‐switching conditions. In addition, there were RR positivity in the N2 irrespective of task transition and in the late component (LC, 550–600 ms) that only under the task repetition condition. On the individual level, the RR benefit positively correlated with the RR positivity in the LC, while the RR costs negatively correlated with RR positivity in the N2/P3 component. These results suggest that both response reconfiguration and episodic‐retrieval make contributions to the RR effects, which were also discussed in terms of predictive model for a domain‐general inference and learning of perceptual categories.
Vibration‐based bending fatigue of additively manufactured alloy 718 with varied surface conditions
Authors: Tullis Rachel , Eidt Wesley , Gockel Joy , Klingbeil Nathan , Scott‐Emuakpor Onome
Published: January 2023

Surface roughness is a dominating factor in the fatigue failure of structural components. This is especially true in additive manufacturing (AM), wherein as‐printed surfaces are particularly rough. This work uses a vibration bending fatigue method, which determines the fatigue life of metals at resonant frequencies. The fatigue behavior of AM nickel superalloy 718 fabricated using laser powder bed fusion is investigated with varying surface conditions, processing parameters, and an internal channel. The results indicate that as‐printed surface roughness does not strongly affect vibration bending fatigue life when compared to polished specimens. Fracture surface analysis is performed to determine crack initiation locations, highlighting that most failures initiated from the corners of the rectangular specimens. The outcome of this work is an enhanced understanding of fatigue failure in AM parts with as‐printed surfaces, which is an important step in increasing the efficiency and reliability of AM for applications involving fatigue loading conditions.
The ecosystem wilting point defines drought response and recovery of a Quercus‐Carya forest
Authors: Wood Jeffrey D. , Gu Lianhong , Hanson Paul J. , Frankenberg Christian , Sack Lawren
Published: January 2023

Soil and atmospheric droughts increasingly threaten plant survival and productivity around the world. Yet, conceptual gaps constrain our ability to predict ecosystem‐scale drought impacts under climate change. Here, we introduce the ecosystem wilting point (ΨEWP), a property that integrates the drought response of an ecosystem's plant community across the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. Specifically, ΨEWP defines a threshold below which the capacity of the root system to extract soil water and the ability of the leaves to maintain stomatal function are strongly diminished. We combined ecosystem flux and leaf water potential measurements to derive the ΨEWP of a Quercus‐Carya forest from an “ecosystem pressure–volume (PV) curve,” which is analogous to the tissue‐level technique. When community predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) was above ΨEWP (=−2.0 MPa), the forest was highly responsive to environmental dynamics. When Ψpd fell below ΨEWP, the forest became insensitive to environmental variation and was a net source of carbon dioxide for nearly 2 months. Thus, ΨEWP is a threshold defining marked shifts in ecosystem functional state. Though there was rainfall‐induced recovery of ecosystem gas exchange following soaking rains, a legacy of structural and physiological damage inhibited canopy photosynthetic capacity. Although over 16 growing seasons, only 10% of Ψpd observations fell below ΨEWP, the forest is commonly only 2–4 weeks of intense drought away from reaching ΨEWP, and thus highly reliant on frequent rainfall to replenish the soil water supply. We propose, based on a bottom‐up analysis of root density profiles and soil moisture characteristic curves, that soil water acquisition capacity is the major determinant of ΨEWP, and species in an ecosystem require compatible leaf‐level traits such as turgor loss point so that leaf wilting is coordinated with the inability to extract further water from the soil.
Phase Ib, open‐label, fixed‐sequence, drug–drug interaction, safety, and tolerability study between atogepant and ubrogepant in participants with a history of migraine
Authors: Blumenfeld Andrew M. , Boinpally Ramesh , De Abreu Ferreira Rosa , Trugman Joel M. , Dabruzzo Brett , Ailani Jessica , Lipton Richard B.
Published: January 2023

Objective

To evaluate potential drug–drug interactions of ubrogepant and atogepant.

Background

Ubrogepant and atogepant, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists, are recently approved drugs for acute and preventive treatment of migraine, respectively. For patients with migraine who are prescribed atogepant for the preventive treatment of migraine, health care providers could prescribe ubrogepant for the acute treatment of breakthrough migraine attacks.

Methods

A phase Ib, multi‐center, open‐label, fixed‐sequence study was conducted in participants diagnosed with migraine for at least 1 year. To assess the primary objective of pharmacokinetic interactions in this phase I trial, the highest United States Food and Drug Administration‐approved individual dose strengths of atogepant (60 mg once daily) and ubrogepant (100 mg) were utilized, with ubrogepant being administered on a fixed‐dose schedule every 3 days, regardless of whether a participant was experiencing a migraine attack. Secondary endpoints included safety and tolerability. Clinical safety measurements were monitored throughout the study.

Results

Of the 31 participants enrolled, 26 completed the study. A single dose of ubrogepant had no statistically significant effect on atogepant pharmacokinetics. Co‐administration of ubrogepant with atogepant resulted in a 19% increase (geometric mean ratio 118.80, 90% confidence interval [CI] 108.69–129.84) in the ubrogepant area under the plasma concentration‐time curve and a 26% increase (geometric mean ratio 125.63, 90% CI 105.58–149.48) in the ubrogepant maximum plasma concentration. These statistically significant changes in ubrogepant exposure were not clinically meaningful, and no new safety concerns were identified for the combination.

Conclusion

The combination use of atogepant and ubrogepant was safe and well tolerated in adult participants with a history of migraine enrolled in the study. Pharmacokinetic changes during co‐administration were not clinically meaningful.
Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) proteins and hydrolysed polypeptides: a systematic review of their potential bioactivities
Authors: Negara Bertoka Fajar Surya Perwira , Bashir Khawaja Muhammad Imran , Park Yongjoon , Shim Kil Bo , Kim Jin‐Soo , Park Shin Young , Lee Jung‐Suck , Sohn Jae‐Hak , Choi Jae‐Suk
Published: January 2023

Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) is a marine fish that lives in the North Pacific Ocean. G. chalcogrammus contains high nutritional value, especially protein. Alaska pollock proteins (APP) and its peptides have been reported to have biological activities. However, the biological activities of APP have not been reviewed so far. The aim of this study was to review the published research on APP and its peptides, as well as their potential biological activities, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We used ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science to identify the relevant references. In total, 43 studies were obtained and reviewed after the filtering process. Most of the research has focused on APP's prospective biological activities. The current study revealed that APP possesses biological activities, including skeletal muscle hypertrophy, anti‐obesity, anti‐cholesterol, blood glucose‐lowering and anti‐non‐alcoholic fatty liver effects. Peptides that are hydrolysed from APP possess biological activities, such as ACE inhibition, antioxidant effects, immunomodulation, anti‐diabetic, mineral chelation and wound healing activities. Only a few clinical studies were available on either APP or the respective peptides. Therefore, further study is needed to completely understand the potential of APP and the associated peptides as novel nutraceutical and functional food, as well as to evaluate their effects in humans.
Industrial productivity dilemma in management and economics: Retrospect and prospect
Authors: Zheng Fei , Li Yuhua , Jian Ze , Lu Ren
Published: January 2023

Industrial productivity dilemma refers to a situation in which modifying and refining existing technologies helps maximize an industry's productivity but constrains productivity from leaping forward. As substantial research exists on this topic in both management and economics, we seek to clarify the concept and its utility. We synthesize relevant studies in various disciplines by reviewing 731 pieces of literature. We summarize various mechanisms that explain why, as the industry develops, the proportion of disruptive innovation declines and the ratio of productivity research and development increases. Our results suggest that industrial productivity dilemma occurs because under a given technological paradigm, there are economic and natural limits to technological development. Only through disruptive innovation can industries improve their long‐term adaptability to the environment and promote industrial upgrading or forming new industries. Although with modern technology developments, industrial productivity dilemma may be resolved, because some giant firms can balance the exploration–exploitation conflict well; moreover, structural problems occur as productivity is unbalanced among firms. The productivity dilemma (and its by‐product, the structural problem) will always exist. We develop a conceptual framework based on the environment, industry, firm, and policy dimensions to guide future research.
Mandatory social label system as a super‐nudge to reduce intention‐behaviour gap and increase responsible consumption
Authors: Bosco Luigi
Published: January 2023

In this paper I discuss the proposal of a mandatory and internationally recognised system of social labelling as an attempt to at least partially reconcile free trade and democracy, modifying the Rodrik trilemma. A mandatory social labelling system can be seen as a super‐nudge in the sense of Thaler and Sunstein. I argue that only a mandatory social labelling system can do the job. The current voluntary system is structurally unable to increase socially responsible consumption and to power up an endogenous race to the top in labour standards. I analyse the difference between a voluntary and a mandatory labelling system and discuss the advantages of the latter. It emerges that there are reasons to claim that a mandatory system could sharply reduce the intention‐behaviour gap and increase socially responsible consumption, reducing the negative effect of the Rodrick trilemma. A mandatory social labelling system can therefore determine a race to the top in labour regulation, instead of the race to the bottom witnessed in recent decades, with some useful by‐products in terms of within‐country income distribution and fostering the democratic process in emerging economies.
Activation of healing and reduction of pain by single‐use automated microcurrent electrical stimulation therapy in patients with hard‐to‐heal wounds
Authors: Kurz Peter , Danner Gabriele , Lembelembe Jean‐Paul , Nair HariKrishna K. R. , Martin Robin
Published: January 2023

Evidence shows that Electrical Stimulation Therapy (EST) accelerates healing and reduces pain, but EST has yet to become widely used. One reason is the historical use of complex, clinic‐based EST devices. This evaluation assessed the early response of different hard‐to‐heal wounds to a simple, wearable, single‐use, automated microcurrent EST device (Accel‐Heal, Accel‐Heal Technologies Limited ‐ Hever, UK). Forty wounds (39 patients: 18 female ‐ 21 male), mean age 68.9 ± 14.0 years comprised of: seven post‐surgical, three trauma, 12 diabetic foot (DFU), 10 venous (VLU), four pressure injuries (PI), four mixed venous or arterial ulcers (VLU/arterial) received automated microcurrent EST for 12 days. Early clinical responses were scored on a 0–5 scale (5‐excellent—0‐no response). Pain was assessed at 48 h, seven days, and 14 days on a 0–10 visual analogue scale (VAS). Overall, 78% of wounds showed a marked positive clinical response (scores of 5 and 4). Sixty eight percent of wounds were painful with a mean VAS score of 5.5. Almost every patient (96%) with pain experienced reduction within 48 h. All patients with painful wounds experienced pain reduction after seven days: 2.50 VAS (45% reduction) and further pain reduction after 14 days: 1.83 VAS (33%).
An organizational design perspective on the monthly self‐scheduling process in nursing homes: A multiple case study
Authors: Wynendaele Herlinde , Gemmel Paul , Peeters Ellen , Myny Dries , Trybou Jeroen
Published: January 2023

Aims

To describe the monthly self‐scheduling process in nursing homes (NH), to determine how specific organizational design characteristics (including interpersonal relationships and leadership style) influence this process, and to examine the effect on individual, team, and organization‐related outcomes.

Design

A multiple case study using an organizational design perspective as the overarching theoretical and explanatory framework.

Methods

Data collection was performed in four Belgian NH during Spring 2019 using semi‐structured interviews (n = 39), documents, and observations. Open, axial, and selective coding was used for the data reduction process, and a within‐case and cross‐case analysis was performed. The COREQ checklist was used for reporting the findings.

Results

One group (two NH) used self‐scheduling because it corresponds with their decentralized organizational design. Together with a motivating head nurse and additional resources during the core phase of the process, this led to positive outcomes. In contrast, another group used self‐scheduling under the assumption that it would solve the mismatch between their organizational design and other organizational problems, which resulted in less positive work attitudes.

Conclusion

Self‐scheduling should match the organizational structure and culture. Additional resources and an adaptive leadership style can help mobilize and support employees. Future research may use quantitative methods to confirm positive outcomes.

Impact

This study contributes to the rare literature on self‐scheduling in NHs by focusing on the monthly self‐scheduling process and by including an organizational design perspective. NH management can become informed of different self‐scheduling methodologies and the impact of specific organizational characteristics on this process. Head nurses can become aware that they need to adapt their leadership style to obtain improved outcomes.

Patient or Public Contribution

Three members of the study team met with several caregivers during field visits to conduct interviews and to observe the monthly self‐scheduling process.
Managerial litigation risk and corporate investment efficiency: Evidence from universal demand laws
Authors: Li Leonard Leye , Monroe Gary S. , Coulton Jeff
Published: January 2023

We examine the effect of managerial litigation risk on corporate investment efficiency. Exploiting the staggered adoption of universal demand (UD) laws in the United States and employing a stacked regression approach, we find that the exogenous reduction in litigation risk induced by UD laws leads to lower investment efficiency. Our results are robust to the use of alternative partitioning variables and variations in sample composition. We also find that the decrease in investment sensitivity and excessive risk‐taking are channels through which the reduced litigation rights lead to less efficient investments. Our results support the notion that weakened shareholder litigation rights lead to more severe agency conflicts and thus less efficient investment decisions.
Worker autonomy and performance: Evidence from a real‐effort experiment
Authors: Rattini Veronica
Published: January 2023

Worker flexibility in effort allocation is a crucial factor for productivity and optimal job design. This paper runs a real‐effort experiment that manipulates both the degree and type of autonomy individuals have in scheduling their effort, and it examines the causal effects of these manipulations on final performance. The main findings come from comparing subjects with different levels of cognitive ability. Using individual data on scheduling decisions, I find significant baseline differences in performance and effort‐allocation strategies between high‐ and low‐cognitive ability subjects. Moreover, the experiment shows that high‐ability individuals reach higher performance when they have full scheduling flexibility while limiting any task‐ordering possibility increases the performance of low‐ability individuals. Overall, this paper provides new and robust evidence on the importance of cognitive ability in explaining effort‐allocation decisions, and it identifies job design interventions to increase the performance of high‐ and low‐ability workers.
Point‐of‐care access to clinical guidelines may improve management of incidental findings in the primary care setting
Authors: Annesi Chandler A. , Talutis Stephanie D. , Goldman Anna L. , Childs Ellen , Knapp Philip E. , McAneny David , Drake Frederick Thurston
Published: January 2023

Rationale

Incidental radiographic findings are common, and primary care providers (PCPs) are often charged with the conducting or initiating an appropriate evaluation. Clinical guidelines are available for management of common ‘incidentalomas’ including lung and adrenal nodules, but guidelines‐adherent evaluations are not always performed; for example, in the setting of incidental adrenal masses (IAMs), recent literature suggests that an evidence‐based evaluation occurs in <25% of patients for whom it is warranted—a quality and safety concern.

Aims and Objectives

The objective of this study was to examine whether point‐of‐care access to concise clinical guidelines would promote appropriate evaluations of two common incidentalomas: IAMs and lung nodules.

Method

This study was a survey‐based, single‐blinded, randomized experiment of decision‐making within clinical vignettes. Respondents were PCPs in a variety of clinical practice settings, and half were randomly assigned to surveys that included concise clinical guidelines while the other half served as controls without access to guidelines. Scenarios involved patients with IAMs and lung nodules, and the scenarios included both higher‐risk and lower‐risk lesions. Our primary analysis examined safe versus inappropriate clinical decisions, while a secondary analysis compared guidelines‐concordant versus guidelines‐discordant responses.

Results

For both the higher‐risk IAM and higher‐risk lung nodule scenarios, safe answer choices were selected at a similar rate by respondents regardless of whether they had access to guidelines or not. However, for the lower risk scenarios, inappropriate answer choices were chosen substantially more frequently by respondents without access to guidelines compared to those with the guidelines (lung: 29.3% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.003, adrenal: 31.6% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.01). There was less variation in the secondary analysis.

Conclusion

Survey respondents were significantly more likely to make safe management decisions in lower‐risk clinical scenarios when clinical guidelines were available. Point‐of‐care access to clinical guidelines for incidentalomas is an intervention that may reduce management errors and improve patient safety.
DNA barcodes for the pipefish genus Corythoichthys (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes) from the Indian Ocean provide insights into cryptic diversity
Authors: Shalu Kannan , Thomas Liju , Ramvilas Ghosh , Shabeena Kadapurathillam S. , Philip Siby , Sureshkumar Sivanpillai , Raghavan Rajeev , Ranjeet Kutty
Published: January 2023

The syngnathiform genus Corythoichthys comprises a group of taxonomically complex, tail‐brooding (Syngnathinae) pipefishes widely distributed in the Indo‐Pacific region. Due to the presence of overlapping interspecific morphological characters, reliable taxonomic information on Corythoichthys is still lacking. Using 52 CO1 sequences, including seven newly generated, a phylogenetic analysis was carried out to understand the genetic diversity, distribution and ‘species groups’ within the genus Corythoichthys. Species delimitation using Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) analysis confirmed the presence of 13 species which include ‘species‐complexes’ previously considered as a single taxon. Our results revealed the presence of three species groups, ‘C. amplexus’, ‘C. conspicillatus’ and ‘C. haematopterus’ and four unidentified/undescribed species in the wider Indo‐Pacific realm. Interestingly, 60 sequences and a mitogenome identified as Corythoichthys in GenBank are misidentified at the genus level. Based on our findings, we suggest that the taxonomy and systematics of Corythoichthys need to be re‐examined and validated using integrative methods, and care should be taken while selecting specimens for genetic studies.
Screening and activity of potential gastrointestinal probiotic lactic acid bacteria against Yersinia ruckeri O1b
Authors: Amin Muhamad , Adams Mark B. , Burke Christopher M. , Bolch Christopher J. S.
Published: January 2023

Yersiniosis of cultured Atlantic salmon is a recurrent fish health management challenge in many continents. The causative organism, Yersinia ruckeri, can reside latently in the gut and lead to acute infection and disease during hatchery and sea‐transfer stages. One potential prevention approach is the administration of probiotic bacteria to suppress gut colonization of Y. ruckeri. Our study aimed to isolate and identify anti‐Yersinia activity among lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of aquatic animals. Of the 186 aquatic GIT isolates examined, three strains showed diffusible antimicrobial activity towards Y. ruckeri O1b. Analysis of 16 s rRNA gene sequences indicated the three bacterial strains were Enterococci, related to Enterococcus sp. (99%), Enterococcus thailandicus (99%), and Enterococcus durans (99%). Anti‐Yersinia activity was maintained at neutral pH (~6.5–7.0), and in‐vitro environmental tolerance assays showed the three strains could withstand simulated salmonids gastrointestinal tract conditions of: low pH (3.4) and 3% bile salt content. All three Enterococci strains showed higher adhesion to the intestinal mucus of Atlantic salmon than Y. ruckeri O1b (E. durans 24%, E. enterococcus sp. 25% and E. thailandicus 98%, compared to Y. ruckeri O1b 5%). However, only Enterococcus sp. and E. thailandicus were able to grow in the salmon intestinal mucus broth while E. durans showed no growth. Anti‐Yersinia activity was completely inactivated by proteinase‐K treatment, suggesting that the active compound/s are proteinaceous and may be bacteriocin‐like inhibitory substances (BLIS). Our data indicate that Enterococcus sp. MA176 and E. thailandicus MA122 are potential probionts for the prevention of yersiniosis in salmonids. Further in‐vivo studies are required to determine whether these bacteria reduce the incidence of yersiniosis in Atlantic salmon.
Uncovering urban transportation infrastructure expansion and sustainability challenge in Bangkok: Insights from a material stock perspective
Authors: Khumvongsa Kronnaphat , Guo Jing , Theepharaksapan Suthida , Shirakawa Hiroaki , Tanikawa Hiroki
Published: January 2023

Development of transportation infrastructure that extends roads and railways in Bangkok has overlooked the negative environmental impact of construction material accumulation. To analyze the extent of this impact, we originally established road and railway's material intensity coefficients and investigated spatially explicit roadway and railway material stock (MS) for the years of 2004, 2009, 2014, 2019, and 2037, based upon the master plans’ target year. We further analyzed how MS evolution relates to the city's socio‐economic indicators and CO2 emission. Significant growth is found in transportation MS during 2004–2019, and roadways particularly increased from 122 to 164 million metric tons (Mt). The master plans would require 43 and 6.55 Mt construction materials for roadway and railway extension, respectively, by 2037. More material‐intensive roads (cross‐provincial highways and major local roads) built to the suburbs of the cities and underground/elevated structures of the mass rapid transit system in dense urban areas will require three times the annual cement and steel consumption of that in the 2004–2019 period. Furthermore, a 2–3 fold increase in the number of registered vehicles and associated CO2 emissions during the study period have brought questions to the transportation infrastructure MS efficiency. The findings of this study will enable informed decision‐making regarding the concern of resource consumption and for considering environmentally friendly approaches in urban transportation planning for Bangkok and other developing cities.
Integrin expression and extracellular matrix adhesion of septoclasts, pericytes, and endothelial cells at the chondro‐osseous junction and the metaphysis of the proximal tibia in young mice
Authors: Bando Yasuhiko , Nagasaka Arata , Onozawa Go , Sakiyama Koji , Owada Yuji , Amano Osamu
Published: January 2023

We previously reported that septoclasts, which are uncalcified growth plate (GP) cartilage matrix‐resorbing cells, are derived from pericytes surrounding capillary endothelial cells. Resorption of the GP is assumed to be regulated synchronously by septoclasts, pericytes, and endothelial cells. To reveal the contribution of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the regulatory mechanisms of septoclastic cartilage resorption, we investigated the spatial correlation between the cells and the ECM in the GP matrix and basement membrane (BM) and investigated the expression of integrins—ECM receptors—in the cells. Septoclasts attached to the transverse septa containing collagen‐II/‐X at the tip of their processes and to the longitudinal septa containing collagen‐II/‐X at the spine‐like processes extending from their bodies and processes. Collagen‐IV and laminin α4 in the BM were sparsely detected between septoclasts and capillary endothelial cells at the chondro‐osseous junction (COJ) and were absent in the outer surface of pericytes at the metaphysis. Integrin α1/α2, integrin α1, and integrin α2/α6 were detected in the cell membranes of septoclasts, pericytes, and endothelial cells, respectively. These results suggest that the adhesion between septoclasts and the cartilage ECM forming the scaffolds for cartilage resorption and migration is provided by integrin α2–collagen‐II/‐X interaction and that the adhesions between the BM and pericytes or endothelial cells are mediated by integrin α1–collagen‐IV and integrin α2/α6–laminin interaction, respectively.
Sustaining newcomers' career adaptability: The roles of socialization tactics, job embeddedness and career variety
Authors: Cai Di , Li Zehua , Xu Lingxiao , Fan Lanyue , Wen Shanshan , Li Fangmin , Guan Ziqing , Guan Yanjun
Published: January 2023

In this study, we aim to examine how socialization practices predict newcomers' career adaptability during their organizational transitions. Drawing on career construction theory and conservation of resources theory, we argue that newcomers' job embeddedness, as predicted by their perceived organizational socialization tactics, positively predicts their career adaptability during career transitions. We investigate the role of past transition experiences (i.e., career variety) in moderating the relationship between job embeddedness and career adaptability. Data were collected at three time points from 492 newcomers in an information technology company in China. The newcomers' perceived organizational socialization tactics (i.e., training, future prospects and coworker support) positively predicted their job embeddedness, which was positively associated with their career adaptability. Additionally, career variety weakened the positive effect of job embeddedness on career adaptability. Furthermore, career variety moderated the indirect effects of future prospects and coworker support on career adaptability via job embeddedness, but not that of training. We conclude the article with discussions of our theoretical and practical contributions.
Clinical and patient‐reported outcome profile of patients with hepatitis B viral infection from the Global Liver Registry™
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Yu Ming‐Lung , Yilmaz Yusuf , Alswat Khalid Aida , Buti Maria , Fernandez Marlen Ivon Castellanos , Papatheodoridis Georgios , Hamid Saeed S. , El‐Kassas Mohamed , Chan Wah Kheong , Duseja Ajay K. , Gordon Stuart C. , Eguchi Yuichiro , Isakov Vasily A. , Roberts Stuart K. , Fan Jian‐Gao , Singal Ashwani K. , Romero‐Gómez Manuel , Ahmed Aijaz , Ong Janus , Lam Brian P. , Younossi Issah , Nader Fatema , Racila Andrei , Stepanova Maria , Alqahtani Saleh
Published: January 2023

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is one of the most common causes of cirrhosis and liver cancer worldwide. Our aim was to assess clinical and patient‐reported outcome (PRO) profile of CHB patients from different regions of the world using the Global Liver Registry. The CHB patients seen in real‐world practices are being enrolled in the Global Liver Registry. Clinical and PRO (FACIT‐F, CLDQ, WPAI) data were collected and compared to baseline data from CHB controls from clinical trials. The study included 1818 HBV subjects (48 ± 13 years, 58% male, 14% advanced fibrosis, 7% cirrhosis) from 15 countries in 6/7 Global Burden of Disease super‐regions. The rates of advanced fibrosis varied (3–24%). The lowest PRO scores across multiple domains were in HBV subjects from the Middle East/North Africa (MENA), the highest – Southeast/East and South Asia. Subjects with advanced fibrosis had PRO impairment in 3 CLDQ domains, Activity of WPAI (p < 0.05). HBV subjects with superimposed fatty liver had more PRO impairments. In multivariate analysis adjusted for location, predictors of PRO impairment in CHB included female sex, advanced fibrosis, and non‐hepatic comorbidities (p < 0.05). In comparison to Global Liver Registry patients, 242 controls from clinical trials had better PRO scores (Abdominal, Emotional, and Systemic scores of CLDQ, all domains of WPAI) (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis with adjustment for location and clinicodemographic parameters, the associations of PROs with the enrollment setting (real‐life Global Liver Registry vs. clinical trials) were no longer significant (all p > 0.10). The clinico‐demographic portrait of CHB patients varies across regions of the world and enrollment settings. Advanced fibrosis and non‐hepatic comorbidities are independently associated with PRO impairment in CHB patients.
A Two–Study Conceptual Replication Investigating the Role of Initial Word–Reading Skills with Response to Intervention for High School Students
Authors: Solis Michael , Kulesz Paulina , Williams Kelly
Published: January 2023

This investigation examined the impact of preintervention word–reading ability on reading comprehension outcomes for ninth graders with learning disabilities, reading difficulties, and English learners in treatment and comparison conditions. Secondary data analyses were conducted for two separate but related experimental studies of intensive reading interventions. Both studies provided yearlong intensive reading interventions to ninth graders. The study included replication of a post hoc analysis employed in a previous study of ninth graders who also received 1 year of intervention. Results from both studies demonstrated that the effects of treatment were not moderated by decoding level for reading comprehension. Statistically significant effects of verbal ability were found. These findings suggest the effectiveness of intervention and that higher verbal skills improve students’ comprehension, though the effects were more pronounced for Study One than Study Two.
A knowledge transfer enhanced ensemble approach to predict the shear capacity of reinforced concrete deep beams without stirrups
Authors: Pak Hongrak , Leach Samuel , Yoon Seung Hyun , Paal Stephanie German
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes a novel learning algorithm, the transfer ensemble neural network (TENN) model, to increase the performance of shear capacity predictions on small datasets, illuminating the usefulness of advanced machine learning techniques in general. By incorporating ensemble learning and transfer learning, the TENN model is designed to control the high variability inherent in machine learning models trained on small amounts of data. The novel TENN model is validated to predict the shear capacity of deep reinforced concrete (RC) beams without stirrups across varying data availability levels. Knowledge acquired through pretraining a model on slender RC beams is utilized for training a model to better predict the shear capacity of deep RC beams without stirrups. To evaluate the performance of the TENN model, three baseline models are developed and examined across multiple data availability levels. The novel TENN model outperforms the baseline models, particularly when trained on a very limited dataset. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm achieves a higher accuracy than the currently accepted design standards in accurately predicting deep RC beams' shear capacity and demonstrates the capabilities of the TENN model to extrapolate in other domains where large‐scale or physical testing is cost‐prohibitive.
Natural variation in the hrpL promoter renders the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae nonpathogenic
Authors: Xie Ting , Wu Xiujiao , Luo Le , Qu Yuan , Fan Rong , Wu Shiping , Long Youhua , Zhao Zhibo
Published: January 2023

The genetic basis underlying loss‐of‐virulence mutations that arise among natural phytopathogen populations is not well documented. In this study, we examined the virulence of 377 isolates of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 (Psa3) that were isolated from 76 kiwifruit orchards suffering from bacterial canker disease. Eighty‐four nonpathogenic isolates were identified in 40 orchards. A nonpathogenic isolate G166 was found to be defective in hrpL transcription and the downstream type III secretion system (T3SS)‐dependent phenotypes. Comparative genomics and complementary expression assay revealed that a single‐base “G” insertion in the hrpL promoter blocks gene transcription by reducing promoter activity. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the genetic variation impairs σ54/promoter binding during gene transcription under hrp‐inducing conditions, resulting in lower expression of hrpL. A PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was performed to trace the evolutionary history of this mutation, which revealed the independent onset of genetic variations in natural Psa3 populations. We also found that nonpathogenic variants outperformed virulent Psa3 bacteria for both epiphytic and apoplast colonization of kiwifruit leaves in mixed inoculations. Our study highlights a novel mechanism for loss of virulence in Psa3 and provides insight into bacterial adaptive evolution under natural settings.
A new species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Mexico and resurrection of Anthurium macdougallii
Authors: Jiménez Pedro Díaz , Pérez‐Farrera Miguel Ángel , Croat Thomas B. , Aguilar‐Rodríguez Pedro A.
Published: January 2023

Anthurium hentrichianum Díaz Jim., Pérez‐Farr. & Croat a new species belonging to A. section Andiphilum (Schott) Croat from the Sierra de Juarez, north of Oaxaca, Mexico is described and illustrated. This new species is characterized by its large size (up to 80 cm long), broadly sulcate petioles with acute margins, long geniculum (2.0–3.5 cm long) and broadly ovate to oblong‐triangular blades (56–68 cm long) with basal, and primary lateral veins usually tinged red‐purple on the lower surface. Based on a detailed review of herbarium specimens, and a comparison with specimens collected at the type localities of A. andicola Liebm. and A. macdougallii Matuda, we conclude that A. macdougallii, a taxon currently considered to be a synonym of A. andicola is a distinct species, and A. oaxacamonticola Matuda is synonymized to A. macdougallii. Anthurium andicola and A. macdougallii are re‐described with a more complete description, using fertile, living and dry material collected at its type localities.
200 years Aspidistra (Asparagaceae), and now more than 200 species: a new comprehensive determination key, and an annotated bibliography of the genus
Authors: Tillich Hans‐Juergen
Published: January 2023

During the past decades the number of known species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae) increased rapidly to 209. The present paper provides a comprehensive and detailed dichotomous key for the identification of all currently accepted species, subspecies and varieties. Additional information is provided concerning the distribution of each species, and its chromosome number(s). Furthermore, an annotated bibliography is added.
Ovule cell wall composition is a maternal determinant of grain size in barley
Authors: Yang Xiujuan , Wilkinson Laura G. , Aubert Matthew K. , Houston Kelly , Shirley Neil J. , Tucker Matthew R.
Published: January 2023

In cereal species, grain size is influenced by growth of the ovule integuments (seed coat), the spikelet hull (lemma and palea) and the filial endosperm. Whether a highly conserved ovule tissue, the nucellus, has any impact on grain size has remained unclear.

Immunolabelling revealed that the barley nucellus comprises two distinct cell types that differ in terms of cell wall homogalacturonan (HG) accumulation. Transcriptional profiling of the nucellus identified two pectin methylesterase (PME) genes, OVULE PECTIN MODIFIER 1 (OPM1) and OPM2, which are expressed in the unfertilized ovule but absent from the seed.

Ovules from an opm1 opm2 mutant and plants expressing an ovule‐specific pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI), exhibit reduced HG accumulation. This results in changes to ovule cell size and shape and ovules that are longer than wild‐type (WT) controls. At grain maturity, this is manifested as significantly longer grain.

These findings indicate that cell wall composition during ovule development acts to limit ovule and seed growth. The investigation of ovule PME and PMEI activity reveals an unexpected role of maternal tissues in controlling grain growth before fertilization, one that has been lacking from models exploring improvements in grain size.
Comparison of Robot‐Assisted Percutaneous Cannulated Screws Versus Open Reduction and Internal Fixation in Calcaneal Fractures
Authors: Wang Jing , Han Wei , Su Yonggang , Wang Junqiang , Jiang Xieyuan
Published: January 2023

Objective

Accurate placement of the screws is challenging in percutaneous cannulated screw fixation of calcaneal fractures, and robot‐assisted (RA) surgery enhances the accuracy. We investigated the outcome of percutaneous cannulated screw fixation of Sander's type II and III calcaneal fractures.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed clinical data of 26 patients with fresh closed calcaneal fractures (28 fractures) who were admitted to our center from January 2022 to July 2022. All fractures were divided into the RA group and the open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) group according to the surgeries performed. RA surgery was performed by closed reduction or open reduction combined with a tarsal sinus approach. Age, sex, operation time, preoperative waiting time, length of postoperative hospital stay, wound complications, and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS) at 3 months postoperatively were compared. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters (calcaneal length, width, height, Böhler angle, and fixation rate of the sustentaculum tali) were documented. The chi‐square test, one‐way analysis of variance, and Wilcoxon test were used for the comparison of categorical, normally distributed, and nonnormally distributed continuous variables, respectively.

Results

The calcaneal width, height, and Böhler angle were significantly corrected postoperatively in both groups. The postoperative calcaneal lengths in both groups were also corrected. However, no significant difference was found. No significant differences in calcaneal length, width, height, and Böhler angle were observed between the two groups. The operation time (p < 0.001), preoperative waiting time (p < 0.001), and length of postoperative hospital stay (p = 0.003) in the RA surgery group were significantly shorter than those in the ORIF group. The fixation rate of the sustentaculum tali (p < 0.001) in the RA surgery group was significantly superior to that in the ORIF group. All wound complications occurred in the ORIF group. All fractures healed within 3 months. The AOFAS scores at 3 months postoperatively were not significantly different.

Conclusion

RA percutaneous screw fixation of the calcaneal fracture is a safe, effective, rapid, and minimally invasive surgical option for surgeons.
Generation of concise 3D building model from dense meshes by extracting and completing planar primitives
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Zhu Xianzhang , Zhang Yongjun , Wang Senyuan , Jia Chen
Published: January 2023

The generation of a concise building model has been and continues to be a challenge in photogrammetry and computer graphics. The current methods typically focus on the simplicity and fidelity of the model, but those methods either fail to preserve the structural information or suffer from low computational efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel method to generate concise building models from dense meshes by extracting and completing the planar primitives of the building. From the perspective of probability, we first extract planar primitives from the input mesh and obtain the adjacency relationships between the primitives. Since primitive loss and structural defects are inevitable in practice, we employ a novel structural completion approach to eliminate linkage errors. Finally, the concise polygonal mesh is reconstructed by connectivity‐based primitive assembling. Our method is efficient and robust to various challenging data. Experiments on various building models revealed the efficacy and applicability of our method.
The economics of process transparency
Authors: Guda Harish , Dawande Milind , Janakiraman Ganesh
Published: January 2023

We propose and analyze a novel framework to understand the role of noninstrumental information sharing in service operations management, that is, information shared by the firm not to affect consumers' actions, but to better manage their experience in the firm's process. The operations of the firm are organized as a process, consisting of a sequence of tasks, each of random duration. The firm shares real‐time information with the consumer about the progress of their flow unit in the firm's process via a process tracker. The consumer is delay‐sensitive and experiences gain–loss utility (loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity) over time due to changes in beliefs about anticipated delay, as he awaits completion of the process. We analyze when providing such real‐time progress information via process trackers help, or can possibly hurt a consumer. Our work draws upon the recent literature on belief‐based/news utility in Economics. We find that in the presence of loss aversion alone, not sharing progress information is beneficial. In the presence of loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity, if low delays are likely, then sharing information is beneficial; otherwise, not sharing information is preferred. Our findings inform a service firm's post‐sales transparency strategy.