bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells in Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Authors: Yan W.J. , Zhang C.Y. , Yang X. , Liu Z.N. , Wang X.Z. , Sun X.Y. , Wang Y.X. , Zheng S.G.
Published: January 2015

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a skeletal dysplasia caused by heterozygous mutations of RUNX2, a gene that is essential for the mineralization of bone and tooth. We isolated primary dental pulp cells from a 10-y-old patient and tested their proliferative capacity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and ability to form mineralized nodules, in comparison with those from 7 healthy children. All these measures were reduced in primary dental pulp cells from the CCD patient. The expression of the osteoblast/odontoblast-associated genes RUNX2, ALP, OCN, and DSPP was also found to be significantly decreased in the primary dental pulp cells of the CCD patient. The osteoclast-related markers TRAP, CTSK, CTR, and MMP9 were decreased in primary dental pulp cells cocultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, the expression of RANKL and the ratio of RANKL/OPG were both reduced in the cells from the CCD patient, indicating that the RUNX2 mutation interfered with the bone-remodeling pathway and decreased the capacity of primary dental pulp cells to support osteoclast differentiation. These effects may be partly responsible for the defects in tooth development and the retention of primary teeth that is typical of CCD.
The relationship between deprivation and alcohol-related presentation at Accident and Emergency (A&E) over a three-month period
Authors: Dolan R , Paterson B
Published: January 2015

Objectives

To identify any relationship between deprivation and the level of presentation to Accident and Emergency with alcohol-related conditions in a busy East Coast teaching hospital in Scotland.

Methods

Over an 87-day-period initial screening to determine whether alcohol played a part in each presentation was conducted at triage. These patients were then streamed according to their Paddington Alcohol Test (Pat) score into Pat +ve and Pat −ve groups. The postcode of each patient was recorded before they were assigned deprivation levels using the DepCat scoring system. This information was then compiled in Microsoft Excel 2003 and a graph showing the differences in the number of presentations across the social spectrum was constructed.

Results

Nine hundred and forty four patients were screened as attending due to alcohol with 43.86% being Pat +ve and 56.14% being Pat −ve. Overall 66.42% of the Pat +ve group and 54.42% of Pat −ve were from deprived or very deprived areas.

Conclusions

The use of electronic-based screening was effective at highlighting patients presenting to Accident and Emergency with alcohol-related problems, and these presentations highlighted a direct link between the level of deprivation and attendances.
The Paradox of Success at a No-Excuses School
Authors: Golann Joanne W.
Published: January 2015

No recent reform has had so profound an effect as no-excuses schools in increasing the achievement of low-income black and Hispanic students. In the past decade, no-excuses schools—whose practices include extended instructional time, data-driven instruction, ongoing professional development, and a highly structured disciplinary system—have emerged as one of the most influential urban school-reform models. Yet almost no research has been conducted on the everyday experiences of students and teachers inside these schools. Drawing from 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork inside one no-excuses school and interviews with 92 school administrators, teachers, and students, I argue that even in a school promoting social mobility, teachers still reinforce class-based skills and behaviors. Because of these schools’ emphasis on order as a prerequisite to raising test scores, teachers stress behaviors that undermine success for middle-class children. As a consequence, these schools develop worker-learners—children who monitor themselves, hold back their opinions, and defer to authority—rather than lifelong learners. I discuss the implications of these findings for market-based educational reform, inequality, and research on noncognitive skills.
Conditions for changing inter-organisational relations: The G8 summit and the European Union
Authors: Huigens Judith C
Published: January 2015

This article provides a case study in the new and developing field of inter-organisational relations by looking at the position of the European Union (EU) within the Group of Eight (G8). It analyses the questions of why inter-organisational relations start, and how they develop over time. I argue that inter-organisational relations are determined by the dynamics within the international organisations that are involved: both the characteristics that define these organisations, as well as the preferences of their constituent parts. The G8-EU relation was a by-product of European integration resulting from the transfer of competences, but was initially thwarted by the strong and divided preferences within the EU. While the G8’s informality at first facilitated this internal division, it also enabled this relation to change over the following decades. This change cannot only be ascribed to rationalist and social-institutionalist factors but also testifies to a logic of path dependence.
Everybody Eats
Authors: Harris Deborah A. , Harris Whitney M. , Fondren Kristi M.
Published: January 2015

Experiential and active learning exercises can benefit students in sociology courses, particularly, courses in which issues of inequality are central. In this paper, we describe using hunger banquets—an active learning exercise where participants are randomly stratified into three global classes and receive food based upon their class position—to enhance students’ knowledge of global hunger and inequality. The nonprofit Oxfam America has made hunger banquets popular, but they are usually large public events. We provide ways of simplifying these exercises so that they can be conducted in sociology classrooms and incorporate sociological concepts. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of students’ learning and engagement in three hunger banquets found that students had increases in perceived knowledge of the amount, severity, and causes of global hunger.
The Role of Cognitive and Affective Challenge in Entertainment Experience
Authors: Bartsch Anne , Hartmann Tilo
Published: January 2015

Recent approaches in entertainment research highlight the distinction between hedonic (pleasure-seeking) and eudaimonic (truth-seeking) entertainment experiences. However, insights into the underlying processes that give rise to these different types of entertainment experiences are still scarce. This study examines the assumption that individuals’ entertainment experience varies by the level of cognitive and affective challenge posed by the media content. We tested this assumption in a 2 × 2 experiment in which we examined the effects of cognitive and affective challenge on individuals’ entertainment experience (fun, suspense, and appreciation). Cognitive and affective challenges resulted in stronger appreciation of the movie, affective challenges resulted in heightened suspense, whereas the absence of both cognitive and affective challenges fostered the experience of fun. These results further the theoretical understanding of hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment in that they support the idea that fun is linked to recreation, whereas appreciation is linked to cognitive challenge and personal growth.
Solving the generalized coupled Sylvester matrix equations over generalized bisymmetric matrices
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed A. , El-Danaf Talaat S.
Published: January 2015

In many areas of principal component analysis, biology, electricity, solid mechanics, automatics control theory and vibration theory, linear matrix equations can be encountered. The presented paper proposes first an iterative method for finding the generalized bisymmetric solution to the generalized coupled Sylvester matrix equations. Second, when the generalized coupled Sylvester matrix equations matrix are consistent, for any generalized bisymmetric initial iterative matrix pair, we can obtain the generalized bisymmetric solution within finite iterative steps in the absence of round-off errors. Furthermore, the optimal approximate generalized bisymmetric solution of the matrix equation for a given generalized bisymmetric matrix can be obtained by finding the least-norm generalized bisymmetric solution of new generalized coupled Sylvester matrix equations. Finally, numerical examples are presented to support the theoretical results of this paper.
Provider Advice on Exercise and Diet Among Adults With Comorbid Serious Psychological Distress and Diabetes or Diabetes Risk Factors
Authors: Xiang Xiaoling , Hernandez Rosalba , Larrison Christopher R.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

To examine the lifetime prevalence and correlates of provider advice to increase exercise and reduce dietary fat intake among adults with comorbid serious psychological distress (SPD) and diabetes or diabetes risk factors.

Methods

Study sample (n = 5942) was selected from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component (MEPS-HC) series of 2007-2011. SPD was defined as a score of ≥13 on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine correlates of lifetime provider advice.

Results

Less than half of adults with SPD had been advised to increase exercise (49.4%) or reduce dietary fat intake (45.6%). The prevalence of receiving provider advice increased in a linear fashion as the number of diabetes risk factors increased and was the highest among those with diabetes. Provision of provider advice was strongly associated with clinical factors rather than individuals’ sociodemographic characteristics and current health behaviors.

Conclusions

Health care providers are missing opportunities to provide exercise and low-fat dietary advice to patients with SPD before they manifest clinical risk factors associated with diabetes. It is important that providers counsel them as early as possible about exercise and nutritional changes that reduce the risks associated with diabetes.
Starting from Scratch
Authors: Marvin Thomas F.
Published: January 2015

This study compares how two union organizing campaigns have attempted to mobilize community support by examining the opportunity structure for organizing in Indianapolis, comparing the community outreach efforts of the two campaigns, and assessing their effectiveness in matching their strategies to local conditions. Although some suggest that the “L.A. model” of creating powerful labor-community coalitions is replicable in other cities, important differences in the local opportunity structure force organizers to “start from scratch” and improvise innovative strategies in cities like Indianapolis that lack a strong social justice infrastructure.
Victims of Terrorism and the Right to Redress
Authors: Del Villar Erika Lorenzana , Glasberg Davita Silfen
Published: January 2015

The U.N. Global Counterterrorism Strategy (A/RES/60/288) recognizes that the war on terror can only be won by protecting the rights of its victims. However, almost a decade since its adoption, the application of a human rights framework to the protection of the rights of victims of terrorism has been largely neglected. A 2012 report by U.N. Special Rapporteur Ben Emmerson sought to address this inattention, recommending that member states provide reparations to victims of terrorism regardless of the question of State responsibility. While this application of a human rights framework to the discourse on terrorism victims’ rights has been a breakthrough, the recommendations of the Emmerson report imply several thorny issues and fail to confront several key concepts embedded in its assumptions. Analyzing the international norms surrounding victims’ rights vis-à-vis reparations and state responsibility, we posit that all member states indeed have the obligation to protect the rights of victims as human rights and provide avenues for redress. However, we argue that the narrow definition of terrorism in the Emmerson report that fails to include institutional or state terrorism leads to legal and normative questions about who its rightful victims are, who should be held responsible, and what the role of the state and international community is with regard to restitution. Such unresolved questions in international law could ultimately be detrimental to the recognition and protection of the rights of victims of terrorism within a human rights framework.
Sensing Agency and Resistance in Old Prisons: A Pragmatist Analysis of Institutional Control
Authors: Yeung King-To , Somashekhar Mahesh
Published: January 2015

Using the exemplary case of 19th-century American state penitentiaries, the authors explore penitentiary control from the perspective of sensing agents who navigate a controlled sensory ecology – the prison, as structured by institutional rules, differential power relations, and architectural plans. Moving beyond Foucault’s Discipline and Punish (1995) and Goffman’s Asylums (1961), they stress a pragmatist approach to understanding human sensing and explain inmates’ creativity under constraints. Employing wardens’ disciplinary journals and other secondary reports, the article emphasizes three theoretical issues that explain why Panoptical prisons’ attempts to control sense experiences can sometimes fail: (1) architectural designs that inadequately negotiate the contradictory demands of visual and acoustic control; (2) inmates’ active mobilization of perceptible objects as means of resistance; and (3) power differences between prison authorities and inmates that prevent actors from sharing a common sensory field. The authors’ overarching goal is to advance, via pragmatism, a sensory analysis of institutional control.
Compression regimes after endovenous ablation for superficial venous insufficiency – A survey of members of the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland
Authors: El-Sheikha J , Nandhra S , Carradice D , Acey C , Smith GE , Campbell B , Chetter IC
Published: January 2015

Introduction

The optimal compression regime following ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for varicose veins is not known. The aim of this study was to document current practice.

Methods

Postal questionnaire sent to 348 consultant members of the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Results

Valid replies were received from 41% ( n = 141) surgeons representing at least 68 (61%) vascular units. UGFS was used by 74% surgeons, RFA by 70% and EVLA by 32%, but fewer patients received UGFS (median 30) annually, than endothermal treatment (median 50) – P = 0.019. All surgeons prescribed compression: following UGFS for median seven days (range two days to three months) and after endothermal ablation for 10 days (range two days to six weeks) – P = 0.298. Seven different combinations of bandages, pads and compression stockings were reported following UGFS and four after endothermal ablation. Some surgeons advised changing from bandages to stockings from five days (range 1–14) after UGFS. Following endothermal ablation, 71% used bandages only, followed by compression stockings after two days (range 1–14). The majority of surgeons (87%) also treated varicose tributaries: 65% used phlebectomy, the majority (65%) synchronously with endothermal ablation. Concordance of compression regimes between surgeons within vascular units was uncommon. Only seven units using UGFS and six units using endothermal ablation had consistent compression regimes.

Conclusion

Compression regimes after treatments for varicose veins vary significantly: more evidence is needed to guide practice.
Predicting fears of intimacy among individuals with post-traumatic stress symptoms by their sensory profile
Authors: Engel-Yeger Batya , Palgy-Levin Dafna , Lev-Wiesel Rachel
Published: January 2015

Introduction

The purpose of the research was: (1) to compare fears of intimacy between people with post-traumatic stress symptoms and healthy controls; (2) to examine the relationships between sensory processing patterns and fears of intimacy among people with post-traumatic stress symptoms; (3) to examine the ability of post-traumatic stress symptoms and sensory processing patterns to predict fears of intimacy.

Method

The study consisted of 60 people between 24 and 62 years old. Thirty of the participants had post-traumatic stress symptoms and the other 30 were healthy controls. All participants were involved in an intimate relationship. Participants completed the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale, the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, and the Fear of Close Personal Relationship Questionnaire.

Findings

Higher prevalence of extreme sensory sensitivity, avoidance, and low registration was found among the study group. These patterns significantly correlated with impaired emotional responses associated with intimacy. Low registration and group membership predicted fears of intimacy.

Conclusion

Sensory processing difficulties may contribute to the impaired intimate relationships of people with post-traumatic stress symptoms. Occupational therapists may help people with post-traumatic stress symptoms to be aware of their sensory processing difficulties and their impact on social/intimate relationships. This awareness may contribute to the person's ability to cope with post-traumatic stress symptoms, enable better emotional performance, and elevate quality of life.
Exploring paid employment options with a person with severe learning disabilities and high support needs: An exploratory case study
Authors: Ineson Rachel
Published: January 2015

Introduction

This case-study research followed the journey of one person who has severe learning and high support needs as, supported by occupational therapy, she attempted to gain a real paid job.

Method

Qualitative triangulated methodology was used, combining a reflexive account of clinical occupational therapy intervention with interview data and secondary documentary analysis. The link between policy and practice was also explored.

Findings

Ultimately, the participant was unsuccessful in gaining a paid job, but remained motivated towards this goal. She became empowered to aspire for paid work, voiced opinions, and developed pre-vocational skills enabling continued pursuit of her goals. Negotiating access to potential employers on behalf of the participant was a significant barrier for the occupational therapist.

Conclusion

The journey of the participant in seeking paid employment was a new experience for everyone involved. There was a clear dichotomy between the aspirational language of policy and the reality of putting those aspirations into practice. As occupational therapists increasingly move into emerging fields, exploring employment for this client group presents opportunities to apply and expand core occupational therapy skills, to achieve mutually rewarding co-occupation and to influence an outstanding issue of occupational injustice.
Definitions of occupational balance and their coverage by instruments
Authors: Dür Mona , Unger Julia , Stoffer Michaela , Drăgoi Răzvan , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Fialka-Moser Veronika , Smolen Josef , Stamm Tanja
Published: January 2015

Introduction

Occupational balance is an important and widely used concept in occupational therapy and occupational science. There is, however, not one unified definition in use, but several different ones, and thus instruments that measure the concept in research studies are diverse as well. Consequently, it is unclear how instruments and definitions correspond. The purpose of this study was to examine the coverage of occupational balance definitions by occupational balance instruments.

Method

Within a mixed-methods design we conducted a qualitative and quantitative content analysis of definitions and items of existing instruments. Definitions and items were extracted from articles identified in a systematic literature search. The extent of congruence and coverage between definitions and instruments was examined.

Results

The definitions used in 47 articles were structured into 19 categories. The categories which were found in most definitions were a balance of ‘various occupational patterns and areas’ (42; 89%) and ‘occupational accomplishment, performance, roles and responsibilities’ (35; 75%); 20 instruments were explored. Together they covered 16 (84%) of the 19 categories.

Conclusion

Knowing which instruments cover which dimensions of occupational balance can support occupational therapists, other health professionals and health researchers in their selection of an instrument to measure occupational balance.
Malaysian occupational therapists’ practices with children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kadar Masne , McDonald Rachael , Lentin Primrose
Published: January 2015

Introduction

Occupational therapy is one of the health care professions that provides assessments and interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. However, to date, there is no information available regarding occupational therapy practices in Malaysia for this population. The purpose of this study is to describe the occupational therapy services for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in Malaysia, including the perceived training needs of practitioners.

Method

We surveyed the registered members of the Malaysian Occupational Therapy Association using a mailed questionnaire.

Results

A response rate of 15.5% was obtained. The majority of the responses were from those working in hospital settings who had less than 5 years’ experience working as occupational therapists with children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. The theories, assessments, interventions, and training that related to respondents’ practices mainly revolved around sensory-based approaches. Encouragingly, more than 70% of the respondents claimed that they performed assessments of daily living activities in their service. Client-centred practice was a further feature of occupational therapist respondents involved in this study.

Conclusion

Future study is needed, especially to engage more respondents and thereby produce more generalizable results and an in-depth exploration of the continuing education needs of occupational therapists in Malaysia.
Sustaining professional identity in practice following role-emerging placements: Opportunities and challenges for occupational therapists
Authors: Clarke Channine , Martin Marion , de Visser Richard , Sadlo Gaynor
Published: January 2015

Introduction

Role-emerging placements are increasingly being used to help prepare occupational therapy graduates for practice in a changing health and social care climate. However, while the literature on such placements is increasing, few longitudinal studies have explored their impact on graduates’ professional practice and identity.

Method

Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to gain an understanding of the ways in which five occupational therapy graduates felt their role-emerging placement influenced their professional identity and practice once qualified. In-depth interviews were carried out with the graduates once they had been working as occupational therapists for a minimum of 6 months.

Results

In the absence of other occupational therapists, students on placements created professional identities of their own making and generated visions of the type of therapist they wanted to become. Once qualified, however, there were mixed experiences concerning the extent to which this identity could be sustained in practice. Particular difficulty was encountered by those working in National Health Service settings, where graduates questioned whether their practice was congruent with the professional understandings and ways of being they had developed on placement.

Conclusion

Role-emerging placements acted as a catalyst for participants’ personal and professional development. Further research on the long-term influence of role-emerging placements is required.
Quantitative MRI T2 Relaxation Time Evaluation of Knee Cartilage
Authors: Li Hong , Chen Shuang , Tao Hongyue , Chen Shiyi
Published: January 2015

Background:

Associated meniscal injury is well recognized at anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and it is a known risk factor for osteoarthritis.

Purpose:

To evaluate and characterize the postoperative appearance of articular cartilage after different meniscal treatment in ACL-reconstructed knees using T2 relaxation time evaluation on MRI.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 62 consecutive patients who under ACL reconstruction were recruited in this study, including 23 patients undergoing partial meniscectomy (MS group), 21 patients undergoing meniscal repair (MR group), and 18 patients with intact menisci (MI group) at time of surgery. Clinical evaluation, including subjective functional scores and physical examination, was performed on the same day as the MRI examination and at follow-up times ranging from 2 to 4.2 years. The MRI multiecho sagittal images were segmented to determine the T2 relaxation time value of each meniscus and articular cartilage plate. Differences in each measurement were compared among groups.

Results:

No patient had joint-line tenderness or reported pain or clicking on McMurray test or instability. There were also no statistically significant differences in functional scores or medial or lateral meniscus T2 values among the 3 groups ( P > .05 for both). There was a significantly higher articular cartilage T2 value in the medial femorotibial articular cartilage for the MS group ( P < .01) and the MR group ( P < .05) compared with that of the MI group, while there was no significant difference in articular cartilage T2 value between the MS and MR groups ( P > .05) in each articular cartilage plate. The medial tibial articular cartilage T2 value had a significant positive correlation with medial meniscus T2 value ( r = 0.287; P = .024)

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that knees with meniscectomy or meniscal repair had articular cartilage degeneration at 2 to 4 years postoperatively, with higher articular cartilage T2 relaxation time values compared with the knees with an intact meniscus.
Philosophy in the times of late modernity
Authors: Kis János
Published: January 2015

It is a central claim of György Márkus’s philosophy of (modern) culture that the Enlightenment project ended up in deep, apparently irresolvable antinomies. But, unlike the majority of ‘postmodern’ thinkers, Márkus insists that the commitments of the Enlightenment cannot and should not be given up. This tension between the failure of the Enlightenment to produce a society of free and equal persons, each leading their lives autonomously, drawing on the resources of rational high culture, and the impossibility and undesirability of the abandonment of the commitments of the Enlightenment finds an expression in what Márkus calls ‘the antinomies of late modernity’. This paper offers an interpretation of Márkus’s conception; it identifies a certain ambiguity in Márkus’s use of the term ‘antinomies’ (a wobbling among three different senses as ‘pairs of opposites’, ‘conflicts of values’ and ‘conceptual incoherence’), and suggests that Márkus’s ambition is compatible with maintaining the first two but is failed by the third one which should, therefore, be abandoned.
The Circadian Clock in Skin
Authors: Plikus Maksim V. , Van Spyk Elyse N. , Pham Kim , Geyfman Mikhail , Kumar Vivek , Takahashi Joseph S. , Andersen Bogi
Published: January 2015

Historically, work on peripheral circadian clocks has been focused on organs and tissues that have prominent metabolic functions, such as the liver, fat, and muscle. In recent years, skin has emerged as a model for studying circadian clock regulation of cell proliferation, stem cell functions, tissue regeneration, aging, and carcinogenesis. Morphologically, skin is complex, containing multiple cell types and structures, and there is evidence for a functional circadian clock in most, if not all, of its cell types. Despite the complexity, skin stem cell populations are well defined, experimentally tractable, and exhibit prominent daily cell proliferation cycles. Hair follicle stem cells also participate in recurrent, long-lasting cycles of regeneration: the hair growth cycles. Among other advantages of skin is a broad repertoire of available genetic tools enabling the creation of cell type–specific circadian mutants. Also, due to the accessibility of skin, in vivo imaging techniques can be readily applied to study the circadian clock and its outputs in real time, even at the single-cell level. Skin provides the first line of defense against many environmental and stress factors that exhibit dramatic diurnal variations such as solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and temperature. Studies have already linked the circadian clock to the control of UVB-induced DNA damage and skin cancers. Due to the important role that skin plays in the defense against microorganisms, it also represents a promising model system to further explore the role of the clock in the regulation of the body’s immune functions. To that end, recent studies have already linked the circadian clock to psoriasis, one of the most common immune-mediated skin disorders. Skin also provides opportunities to interrogate the clock regulation of tissue metabolism in the context of stem cells and regeneration. Furthermore, many animal species feature prominent seasonal hair molt cycles, offering an attractive model for investigating the role of the clock in seasonal organismal behaviors.
“Frustrated,” “Depressed,” and “Devastated” Pediatric Trainees
Authors: Dixit Avika , Feldman-Winter Lori , Szucs Kinga A.
Published: January 2015

Background:

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is recommended until about 6 months of age. Pediatricians are at the forefront of encouraging mothers to achieve this goal, yet pediatricians who parent during their training may face substantial barriers in achieving their own breastfeeding goals.

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess breastfeeding support available to US pediatricians in training and the effect of trainees’ personal experiences on their attitude toward breastfeeding.

Methods:

An online survey was emailed to American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Medical Students, Residents, and Fellowship Trainees members.

Results:

There were 927 respondents, of which 421 had children and 346 breastfed their children. Almost 80% agreed that 6 months is the ideal duration for EBF. One in 4 did not have access to or were not aware of a private room to express milk or breastfeed. Forty percent needed to extend the duration of their training for a longer maternity leave, with breastfeeding a factor for longer leave among 44%. One in 4 did not meet their breastfeeding duration goal, and 1 in 3 did not meet their goal for EBF. Negative emotions were common among those not meeting goals. Ninety-two percent felt that their or their partner’s experience with breastfeeding affected their clinical interaction with patients’ mothers.

Conclusion:

A majority of respondents cited problems with breastfeeding support during training, and many failed to meet their intended goals. Not meeting personal breastfeeding goals was associated with negative emotions and influenced how they counsel about breastfeeding as a result of personal and often negative attitudes.
Constructing Rich False Memories of Committing Crime
Authors: Shaw Julia , Porter Stephen
Published: January 2015

Memory researchers long have speculated that certain tactics may lead people to recall crimes that never occurred, and thus could potentially lead to false confessions. This is the first study to provide evidence suggesting that full episodic false memories of committing crime can be generated in a controlled experimental setting. With suggestive memory-retrieval techniques, participants were induced to generate criminal and noncriminal emotional false memories, and we compared these false memories with true memories of emotional events. After three interviews, 70% of participants were classified as having false memories of committing a crime (theft, assault, or assault with a weapon) that led to police contact in early adolescence and volunteered a detailed false account. These reported false memories of crime were similar to false memories of noncriminal events and to true memory accounts, having the same kinds of complex descriptive and multisensory components. It appears that in the context of a highly suggestive interview, people can quite readily generate rich false memories of committing crime.
Configuration optimization of piezoelectric patches attached to functionally graded shear-deformable cylindrical shells considering spillover effects
Authors: Biglar Mojtaba , Mirdamadi Hamid Reza
Published: January 2015

In this article, the optimal configurations of piezo-transducers for active vibration control of a functionally graded cylindrical shell are analyzed. The first-order shear deformation theory is employed for kinematic formulation of functionally graded cylindrical shell and piezo-patches. The boundary conditions of functionally graded shear-deformable cylindrical shell are simply supported, and the piezo-patches are attached to its surface. The Rayleigh–Ritz technique is used for deriving dynamic formulation and discretizing functionally graded shear-deformable cylindrical shell as well as piezoelectric transducers. The major goal of this study is to find optimal locations and orientations of piezoelectric transducers. The optimization procedure is designed based on desired controllability and observability of contributing modes as well as undesirable modes. Furthermore, in order to limit spillover effect, the effects of residual modes are regarded. The optimization variables are positions and angular orientations of piezo-patches. Genetic algorithm is utilized to evaluate the optimal configurations. For active vibration control, a negative velocity feedback control algorithm is used. The numerical results show that the optimization procedure is effective for vibration reduction. Moreover, by locating transducers in their optimal locations and orientations, the undesirable vibrations of functionally graded shear-deformable cylindrical shell would be suppressed quickly.
Measuring Video Game Engagement Through Gameplay Reviews
Authors: Kirschner David , Williams J. Patrick
Published: January 2015

Aim. In this article, we develop a method, that we call the gameplay review method, for measuring players’ engagement with digital games through players’ interactions with video recordings of their own gameplay.

Method. The gameplay review method arose from a microsociological study of the gameplay of eight young adults who each played approximately 20 hours of WORLD OF WARCRAFT over a 3-month period in 2012. Using data from in-depth interviews and audiovisual recordings of one of the eight participants, this article focuses on how the method leveraged participants’ knowledge of their experiences and ties that knowledge to measures of engagement. We outline the method’s four-step process (producing Level I data, analyzing Level I data, producing Level II data, analyzing Level II data) to guide the generation and analysis of rich video data. The method involves focused discussions on selected recorded segments of participants’ gameplay and is a means of connecting game design with both empirical and interpretive data.

Results. We show how, as participants progress, they learn about game design features and deepen their understanding of games. We found that participants’ developing perceptions of, and relationships to, design features affect their engagement with digital games.

Conclusion. The gameplay review method is significant in its ability to measure engagement by dealing explicitly with empirical and interpretive data.
Dignified Palliative Long-Term Care
Authors: Ho Andy Hau Yan , Luk James K. H. , Chan Felix H. W. , Chun Ng Wing , Kwok Catherine K. K. , Yuen Joseph H. L. , Tam Michelle Y. J. , Kan Wing W. S. , Chan Cecilia L. W.
Published: January 2015

Purpose:

To critically examine the system dynamics necessary for successfully implementing a novel end-of-life integrated care pathway (EoL-ICP) program in promoting dignity and quality of life among terminally-ill Chinese nursing home residents.

Methods:

Thirty stakeholders were recruited to participate in 4 interpretive-systemic focus groups.

Results:

Framework analysis revealed 10 themes, organized into 3 categories, namely, (1) Regulatory Empowerment (interdisciplinary teamwork, resource allocation, culture building, collaborative policy making), (2) Family-Centered Care (continuity of care, family care conference, partnership in care), and (3) Collective Compassion (devotion in care, empathic understanding, compassionate actions).

Conclusions:

These findings highlight the importance of organizational structure, social discourse, and shared meaning in the provision of EoL-ICP in Chinese societies, underscoring the significant triangulation between political, cultural, and spiritual contexts embodied in the experience of dignity.
Increasing Epilepsy Awareness in Schools
Authors: Brook Heather A. , Hiltz Cynthia M. , Kopplin Vicki L. , Lindeke Linda L.
Published: January 2015

A high prevalence of epilepsy diagnoses and seizure events among students was identified at a large Midwestern school district. In partnership with the Epilepsy Foundation of Minnesota (EFMN), a quality improvement project was conducted to provide education and resources to staff caring for school children with seizures. School nurses ( N = 26) were trained as seizure management educators and instructed staff in 21 schools on seizure awareness and response. School nurses utilized new seizure management resources, a procedural guideline, and care plan updates. The majority of school nurses rated the resources and training interventions as “very helpful.” School nurse confidence in managing students with seizures increased, seizure action plan use increased, and 88% of children’s records with new seizure diagnoses had completed documentation. School nurses played vital roles in increasing seizure awareness as educators and care managers. EFMN is using this project as an exemplar for expanding its Seizure Smart Schools program.
Correlation of Postoperative Midfoot Position With Outcome Following Reconstruction of the Stage II Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: Conti Matthew S. , Chan Jeremy Y. , Do Huong T. , Ellis Scott J. , Deland Jonathan T.
Published: January 2015

Background:

No studies investigating the effect of the midfoot (talonavicular joint) position on clinical outcomes following flatfoot reconstruction have been performed. The purpose of our study was to determine whether a postoperative abducted or adducted forefoot alignment, as determined from anteroposterior (AP) radiographs, was associated with a difference in outcomes using the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS).

Methods:

Midfoot abduction was defined on postoperative AP radiographs, evaluated at a mean of 1.9 years in 55 patients from the authors’ institution who underwent flatfoot reconstruction for a stage II adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD), as a lateral incongruency angle greater than 5 degrees, a talonavicular uncoverage angle greater than 8 degrees, and a talo–first metatarsal angle greater than 8 degrees based on previously reported measurements. Patients with 2 or more measurements in the abduction category were classified as the abduction group (n = 30); those with 1 or fewer measurements in the abduction category were placed in the adduction group (n = 25). The preoperative and postoperative FAOS values with a mean follow-up of 3.1 years were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.

Results:

Patients corrected to a position of adduction showed significantly lower improvement in the FAOS daily activities ( P = .012) and quality of life subscales ( P = .046). The mean improvement in subscale scores for the adducted group was lower for pain ( P = .052) and sports activities ( P = .085) but did not reach statistical significance. No significant difference in the FAOS symptoms subscale ( P = .372) between groups was found.

Conclusion:

Correction of the talonavicular joint to a position of adduction following a stage II AAFD was associated with decreased patient outcomes in daily activities and quality of life compared with an abducted position. These results suggest that overcorrection to a position of midfoot adduction leads to a lesser amount of individual patient improvement in reconstruction of a stage II AAFD.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative series.
Nonlinear system identification of smart reinforced concrete structures under impact loads
Authors: Sarp Arsava K , Nam Yunyoung , Kim Yeesock
Published: January 2015

This paper proposes system identification models of smart concrete structures equipped with magnetorheological (MR) dampers under a variety of high impact loads. The proposed model was used to predict and analyze the highly nonlinear behavior of integrated structure-control systems subjected to impact loading. Highly nonlinear behavior of the integrated structure-MR damper was represented by a wavelet-based time delayed adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (W-TANFIS). To generate sets of input and output data for training and validating the proposed W-TANFIS models, experimental studies were performed on a smart reinforced concrete beam under a variety of impact loads. The impact forces and current signals on an MR damper were used as input signals for training the W-TANFIS to predict the acceleration, deflection, and strain responses. As a benchmark, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used. It was demonstrated that the proposed W-TANFIS framework is effective in anticipating the structural responses of the reinforced concrete beam-MR damper system subjected to impact loading. In addition, the comparison of the W-TANFIS and ANFIS models demonstrated that the W-TANFIS model has better performance over the ANFIS model.
Dynamic characterizations of underwater structures using non-contact vibration test based on nanosecond laser ablation in water: investigation of cavitation bubbles by visualizing shockwaves using the Schlieren method
Authors: Hosoya Naoki , Kajiwara Itsuro , Umenai Koh
Published: January 2015

A pulsed-laser ablation method for non-contact experimental vibration analysis of completely submerged underwater structures is proposed. Although impact testing with an impulse hammer is commonly used for vibration analysis due to its simplicity, impact testing has limited use in underwater conditions. An input-detection-free frequency response function measurement in water will greatly contribute to the development of high-precision and high-speed positioning autonomous underwater vehicles, underwater vehicle-manipulators, underwater robots, submarines, etc., which are used in dangerous conditions (e.g., deep oceans, under ice, and nuclear reactor plants). To achieve these high-performance underwater systems, vibrations due to hydrodynamic parameters (such as added mass, buoyant force, drag force, and damping coefficient) should be suppressed, and vibration tests should be conducted on the actual equipment submerged in water. The proposed method yields the frequency response function by applying a pulsed-laser-ablation excitation force to an underwater structure and measuring the output using a laser Doppler vibrometer. Because the direction, strength, and effective duration of the pulsed-laser-ablation force are essentially constant, this force can be estimated by measuring these properties in advance. Hence, the proposed method realizes input-detection-free frequency response function measurements in underwater conditions.
Longitudinal vibration control for a suspension bridge subjected to vehicle braking forces and earthquake excitations based on magnetorheological dampers
Authors: Yang Meng-Gang , Cai CS
Published: January 2015

In order to reduce the excessive longitudinal vibration of a suspension bridge induced by vehicle braking forces (as one of the possible dynamic loadings) and earthquake excitations, a mixed control methodology using magnetorheological (MR) dampers is developed in this study. Firstly, the corresponding preferred controls subjected to vehicle braking forces and earthquake excitations, separately, are obtained by simulation analyses for seven control strategies. Then, a mixed control system is established to obtain the best control efficiency and reduce the energy consumption of MR dampers, based on the displacement responses and changing rate of accelerations. Finally, this system is applied to reduce the longitudinal vibration responses of the Pingsheng Bridge. The numerical results show that the passive-on control and the semi-active fuzzy control are the corresponding preferred controls subjected to vehicle braking forces and earthquake excitations, respectively. The mixed control has a good agreement with the corresponding preferred controls under four dynamic loadings including the vehicle braking forces, the Pingsheng Bridge earthquake wave, the El Centro wave, and the Takochi-oki wave, which verifies the reliability and effectiveness of this system. The mixed control has good performance and applicability for different loading combinations composed of vehicle braking forces and earthquake excitations.
Numerical schemes for initialized constant and variable fractional-order derivatives: matrix approach and its analog verification
Authors: Sierociuk Dominik , Malesza Wiktor , Macias Michal
Published: January 2015

This paper presents a method for including initial conditions in recursive constant and variable fractional-order derivatives. The initial conditions are assumed to be in the form of a time-constant function. The numerical scheme for solving fractional-order differential equations, given in the matrix form, is presented as well. Results obtained with the proposed numerical algorithm are compared with the analog realization of a fractional-order inertial system. For the constant-order case, analog models were built based on domino ladder approximations for 0.5 and 0.25 orders. For the variable-order case, the analog model was built based on the reductive-switching structure. Comparison with the physical systems shows the ability of the proposed method to describe the behavior of real fractional-order systems with initial conditions.
Nonlinear size-dependent dynamics of microarches with modal interactions
Authors: Farokhi Hamed , Ghayesh Mergen H
Published: January 2015

This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamics of microarches with internal modal interactions; the nonlinear size-dependent motion characteristics are analyzed for the system with two-to-one and three-to-one internal resonances. The partial differential equation of motion is discretized into a set of second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations via the application of the Galerkin scheme. The linear natural frequencies of the system are obtained by eliminating the nonlinearities; these are used to verify the occurrence of modal interactions. The nonlinear resonant dynamics are examined via the pseudo-arclength continuation technique for the systems with internal modal interactions.
Vibration control of a flexible multi-body dynamic system using sub-band robust adaptive filtering
Authors: Khoshnood AM
Published: January 2015

Vibration suppression is one of the most important challenges of flexible multi-body dynamic systems. In this paper, a launch vehicle with flexible bodies and fuel sloshing is considered as a flexible multi-body dynamic system. The aim of this paper is to propose a vibration suppression strategy for attitude control of the vehicle based on sub-band adaptive filtering. The advantages of the sub-band analysis leads to the design of a new vibration control system that can simultaneously attenuate the effects of three unknown vibration disturbances. In this regard, the simulation results of a nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle with the filtering strategy confirm the valuable performance of the proposed vibration suppression approach.