bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of postoperative anti-thyroglobulin antibody in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Zhao Yihan , Mu Zhuanzhuan , Liang Dongquan , Zhang Teng , Zhang Xin , Sun Di , Sun Yuqing , Liang Jun , Lin Yansong
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Postoperative thyroglobulin (Tg) generally serves as a biomarker to monitor the recurrence or persistence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), whereas it constrains to interference from anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). This study aimed to determine the value of postoperative TgAb as a surrogate for monitoring tumor status in DTCs with positive TgAb after successful radioactive iodine (RAI) remnant ablation.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled DTC patients with positive (≥40 IU/mL, Roche) postoperative TgAb measurements. An index of TgAb change (ΔTgAb) was defined to describe the TgAb decrease rate. DTC status was defined as either no evidence of disease (NED) or persistent/recurrent disease (PRD). Univariate and multivariate binary logistic analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors of PRD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to determine the optimal cutoff values of each risk factor, and DeLong’s test was conducted to compare their predictive powers. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to assess the impact of different TgAb trends in the first year on progression-free survival.

Results

Of the 232 patients enrolled, the median diagnosis age was 34 years (range, 18–62 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 1:4.66 (41/191). Among them, after a median follow-up of 44 months (range, 4–128 months),183 (78.87%) patients were evaluated as NED, while the other 49 (21.12%) had either persistent (n = 25) or recurrent disease (n = 24). Multivariate regression showed that ΔTgAb (P < 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) rate (P = 0.009) were independently relevant to the presence of PRD, with optimal cutoff values of 47.0% and 35.1%, respectively. It is important to note that there is a high negative predictive value (96.93%) of ΔTgAb with the cutoff of 47.0%. DeLong’s test showed that ΔTgAb alone and the combination of ΔTgAb and LNM rate were significantly greater than the isolated LNM rate (both P < 0.001) in predicting NED, while there was no statistical difference of the predictive power between ΔTgAb and the combination (P = 0.203). Additionally, patients with ΔTgAb >47.0% had longer progression-free survival than those with ΔTgAb ≤47.0% (not reached vs. 50 months, P < 0.001), and those with ΔTgAb >47.0% or negative conversion within the first year after RAI ablation had longer progression-free survival.

Conclusion

Our study suggested that ΔTgAb could serve as a valuable indicator of disease status in DTC patients with positive TgAb. A ΔTgAb of >47.0% is conducive to identify those with NED and may help to obviate their overtreatment. The decrease rate and negative conversion of TgAb in the first year were good predictors of disease-free survival in patients.
Early detection of diabetic neuropathy based on health belief model: a scoping review
Authors: Purwanti Okti Sri , Nursalam Nursalam , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Uncontrolled blood sugar levels may result in complications, namely diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is a nerve disorder that causes symptoms of numbness, foot deformity, dry skin, and thickening of the feet. The severity of diabetic neuropathy carries the risk of developing diabetic ulcers and amputation. Early detection of diabetic neuropathy can prevent the risk of diabetic ulcers. The purpose: to identify early detection of diabetic neuropathy based on the health belief model.

Method

This research searched for articles in 6 databases via Scopus, Ebsco, Pubmed, Sage journal, Science Direct, and SpringerLink with the keywords “screening Neuropathy” AND “Detection Neuropathy” AND “Scoring Neuropathy” AND “Diabetic” published in 2019-2023. In this study, articles were identified based on PICO analysis. Researchers used rayyan.AI in the literature selection process and PRISMA Flow-Chart 2020 to record the article filtering process. To identify the risk of bias, researchers used the JBI checklist for diagnostic test accuracy.

Results

This research identified articles through PRISMA Flow-Chart 2020, obtaining 20 articles that discussed early detection of diabetic neuropathy.

Conclusion

This review reports on the importance of early detection of neuropathy for diagnosing neuropathy and determining appropriate management. Neuropathy patients who receive appropriate treatment can prevent the occurrence of diabetic ulcers. The most frequently used neuropathy instruments are the vibration perception threshold (VPT) and questionnaire Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Health workers can combine neuropathy instruments to accurately diagnose neuropathy.
Testicular differentiation in 46,XX DSD: an overview of genetic causes
Authors: Ferrari Maria Tereza Martins , Silva Elinaelma Suelane do Nascimento , Nishi Mirian Yumie , Batista Rafael Loch , Mendonca Berenice Bilharinho , Domenice Sorahia
Published: April 2024

In mammals, the development of male or female gonads from fetal bipotential gonads depends on intricate genetic networks. Changes in dosage or temporal expression of sex-determining genes can lead to differences of gonadal development. Two rare conditions are associated with disruptions in ovarian determination, including 46,XX testicular differences in sex development (DSD), in which the 46,XX gonads differentiate into testes, and 46,XX ovotesticular DSD, characterized by the coexistence of ovarian and testicular tissue in the same individual. Several mechanisms have been identified that may contribute to the development of testicular tissue in XX gonads. This includes translocation of SRY to the X chromosome or an autosome. In the absence of SRY, other genes associated with testis development may be overexpressed or there may be a reduction in the activity of pro-ovarian/antitesticular factors. However, it is important to note that a significant number of patients with these DSD conditions have not yet recognized a genetic diagnosis. This finding suggests that there are additional genetic pathways or epigenetic mechanisms that have yet to be identified. The text will provide an overview of the current understanding of the genetic factors contributing to 46,XX DSD, specifically focusing on testicular and ovotesticular DSD conditions. It will summarize the existing knowledge regarding the genetic causes of these differences. Furthermore, it will explore the potential involvement of other factors, such as epigenetic mechanisms, in developing these conditions.
Activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway ameliorates hyperlipidemia-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury by inhibiting mtROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Jiang Xu-shun , Liu Ting , Xia Yun-feng , Gan Hua , Ren Wei , Du Xiao-gang
Published: April 2024

Dyslipidemia is the most prevalent independent risk factor for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Lipid-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in kidney-resident cells exacerbates renal injury by causing sterile inflammation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that modulates the cellular redox balance; however, the exact role of Nrf2 signaling and its regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in hyperlipidemia-induced kidney injury are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that activation of the mtROS–NLRP3 inflammasome pathway is a critical contributor to renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) apoptosis under hyperlipidemia. In addition, the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway is activated in renal tubular epithelial cells under hyperlipidemia conditions both in vivo and in vitro, and Nrf2 silencing accelerated palmitic acid (PA)-induced mtROS production, mitochondrial injury, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, the activation of Nrf2 with tBHQ ameliorated mtROS production, mitochondrial injury, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and cell apoptosis in PA-induced HK-2 cells and in the kidneys of HFD-induced obese rats. Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed that the potential mechanism of Nrf2-induced NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition involved reducing mtROS generation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway attenuates hyperlipidemia-induced renal injury through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects through the downregulation of mtROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
The post-septic peripheral myeloid compartment reveals unexpected diversity in myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Barrios Evan L. , Leary Jack R. , Darden Dijoia B. , Rincon Jaimar C. , Willis Micah , Polcz Valerie E. , Gillies Gwendolyn S. , Munley Jennifer A. , Dirain Marvin L. , Ungaro Ricardo , Nacionales Dina C. , Gauthier Marie-Pierre L. , Larson Shawn D. , Morel Laurence , Loftus Tyler J. , Mohr Alicia M. , Maile Robert , Kladde Michael P. , Mathews Clayton E. , Brusko Maigan A. , Brusko Todd M. , Moldawer Lyle L. , Bacher Rhonda , Efron Philip A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Sepsis engenders distinct host immunologic changes that include the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells play a physiologic role in tempering acute inflammatory responses but can persist in patients who develop chronic critical illness.

Methods

Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing and transcriptomic analysis are used to describe MDSC subpopulations based on differential gene expression, RNA velocities, and biologic process clustering.

Results

We identify a unique lineage and differentiation pathway for MDSCs after sepsis and describe a novel MDSC subpopulation. Additionally, we report that the heterogeneous response of the myeloid compartment of blood to sepsis is dependent on clinical outcome.

Discussion

The origins and lineage of these MDSC subpopulations were previously assumed to be discrete and unidirectional; however, these cells exhibit a dynamic phenotype with considerable plasticity.
Biological effects of intraoperative radiation therapy: histopathological changes and immunomodulation in breast cancer patients
Authors: Orozco Javier I. J. , Valdez Betsy J. , Matsuba Chikako , Simanonok Michael P. , Ensenyat-Mendez Miquel , Ramiscal Judi Anne B. , Salomon Matthew P. , Takasumi Yuki , Grumley Janie G.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) delivers a single accelerated radiation dose to the breast tumor bed during breast-conserving surgery (BCS). The synergistic biologic effects of simultaneous surgery and radiation remain unclear. This study explores the cellular and molecular changes induced by IORT in the tumor microenvironment and its impact on the immune response modulation.

Methods

Patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-negative, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), or early-stage invasive breast carcinoma undergoing BCS with margin re-excision were included. Histopathological evaluation and RNA-sequencing in the re-excision tissue were compared between patients with IORT (n=11) vs. non-IORT (n=11).

Results

Squamous metaplasia with atypia was exclusively identified in IORT specimens (63.6%, p=0.004), mimicking DCIS. We then identified 1,662 differentially expressed genes (875 upregulated and 787 downregulated) between IORT and non-IORT samples. Gene ontology analyses showed that IORT was associated with the enrichment of several immune response pathways, such as inflammatory response, granulocyte activation, and T-cell activation (p<0.001). When only considering normal tissue from both cohorts, IORT was associated with intrinsic apoptotic signaling, response to gamma radiation, and positive regulation of programmed cell death (p<0.001). Using the xCell algorithm, we inferred a higher abundance of γδ T-cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes in the IORT samples.

Conclusion

IORT induces histological changes, including squamous metaplasia with atypia, and elicits molecular alterations associated with immune response and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The increased abundance of immune-related components in breast tissue exposed to IORT suggests a potential shift towards active immunogenicity, particularly immune-desert tumors like HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer.
Spontaneous immunological activities in the target tissue of vitiligo-prone Smyth and vitiligo-susceptible Brown lines of chicken
Authors: Falcon Daniel M. , Byrne Kristen A. , Sales Marites A. , Erf Gisela F.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Vitiligo is an acquired de-pigmentation disorder characterized by the post-natal loss of epidermal melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) resulting in the appearance of white patches in the skin. The Smyth chicken is the only model for vitiligo that shares all the characteristics of the human condition including: spontaneous post-natal loss of epidermal melanocytes, interactions between genetic, environmental and immunological factors, and associations with other autoimmune diseases. In addition, an avian model for vitiligo has the added benefit of an easily accessible target tissue (a growing feather) that allows for the repeated sampling of an individual and thus the continuous monitoring of local immune responses over time.

Methods

Using a combination of flow cytometry and gene expression analyses, we sought to gain a comprehensive understanding of the initiating events leading to expression of vitiligo in growing feathers by monitoring the infiltration of leukocytes and concurrent immunological activities in the target tissue beginning prior to visual onset and continuing throughout disease development.

Results

Here, we document a sequence of immunologically significant events, including characteristic rises in infiltrating B and αβ T cells as well as evidence of active leukocyte recruitment and cell-mediated immune activities (CCL19, IFNG, GZMA) leading up to visual vitiligo onset. Examination of growing feathers from vitiligo-susceptible Brown line chickens revealed anti-inflammatory immune activities which may be responsible for preventing vitiligo (IL10, CTLA4, FOXP3). Furthermore, we detected positive correlations between infiltrating T cells and changes in their T cell receptor diversity supporting a T cell-specific immune response.

Conclusion

Collectively, these results further support the notion of cell-mediated immune destruction of epidermal melanocytes in the pulp of growing feathers and open new avenues of study in the vitiligo-prone Smyth and vitiligo-susceptible Brown line chickens.
Fucoidan derived from Sargassum ilicifolium affects growth and hemato-immunological parameters and antioxidant defense in Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)
Authors: Khanzadeh Majid , Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Zargari Ashkan , Tabibi Hamidreza , Van Doan Hien , Rabetimarghezar Nastaran
Published: April 2024

Fucoidan (Fuc) is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae and has various biological activities such as immune modulator, growth enhancer, antioxidant and bactericidal. However, there is no information about the effect of fucoidan on ornamental fish. This study investigated the effect of fucoidan from brown algae Sargassum ilicifolium on growth parameters, immunity, and biochemical, antioxidant, and bactericidal activity of serum in Oscar. Fish weighing 49.75 ± 0.96 g were fed fucoidan derived from S. ilicifolium algae at four levels (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%) for 50 days. After 50 days of feeding with fucoidan, there was no significant increase in blood parameters except WBCs (Fuc 2%) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) after feeding with fucoidan had a significant increase compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Serum biochemical activity such as total protein (Tp) and globulin (Glb) in the groups fed with fucoidan had a significant increase compared to the control group (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the serum albumin (Alb) activity compared to the control group (p > 0.05). Antioxidant activity of serum, such as SOD and CAT, after feeding with fucoidan, had a significant increase compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, immune parameters such as lysozyme and total complement in groups containing fucoidan significantly increased compared to the control group (p < 0.05). A significant increase was observed in NBT and serum bactericidal activity against Aeromonas hydrophila in the group containing Fuc 2% compared to the control group (p < 0.05). A significant increase was observed in total skin carotenoids in the groups containing 1% and 2% fucoidan compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Overall, it can be concluded that fucoidan of S. ilicifolium algae can increase growth and immune parameters. In addition, fucoidan derived from S. ilicifolium algae could increase skin pigmentation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and bactericidal activity against A. hydrophila.
Development and evaluation of a “simulator-based” ultrasound training program for university teaching in obstetrics and gynecology–the prospective GynSim study
Authors: Weimer Johannes , Recker Florian , Hasenburg Annette , Buggenhagen Holger , Karbach Karla , Beer Lia , Weimer Andreas , Schiestl Lina , Lorenz Liv , Kloeckner Roman , Dionysopoulou Anna
Published: April 2024

Introduction

This study addresses the challenges of ultrasound education in obstetrics and gynecology, focusing on the potential benefits of simulation techniques in medical training. Aiming to evaluate the impact of a structured simulator-based training program, this prospective, randomized, interventional study examines its effects on educational outcomes for 5th year medical students.

Methods

A total of 153 medical students were randomized into two groups: one receiving both theoretical instruction and hands-on ultrasound simulator training (study group), and the other receiving only theoretical instruction (control group). The study assessed theoretical knowledge and practical skills at two time points: upon enrollment and at the end of the course. The practical skills were specifically evaluated using a dedicated test on the ultrasound simulator.

Results

Out of 153 students, 113 completed the study (study group n=59, control group n=54). The students in the study group demonstrated a greater improvement in theoretical test scores. They also achieved better results at the practical test, with regard to image quality, accuracy, and efficiency. Both groups showed an increase in self-confidence and competency in performing ultrasound examinations independently. Students expressed high satisfaction with the course and a positive attitude toward simulator-based training.

Discussion

Simulator-based training presents a valuable supplement to traditional clinical education methods in obstetrics and gynecology. This approach is particularly effective in overcoming the challenges posed by the sensitive nature of gynecological examinations in medical student training. The study highlights the benefits of integrating simulator-based methods into medical curricula, improving both theoretical and practical ultrasound skills among students.
Bacterial community analysis of the skin microbiota of cultured Chinese giant salamander infected with Ranavirus
Authors: Zhang Han , Ma Hongying , Jiang Wei , Deng Jie , Yuan Jianglai , Fang Cheng , Zhao Hu , Zhang Jianlu , Kong Fei , Zhang Hongxing , Wang Qijun
Published: April 2024

Skin microorganisms are an important component of host innate immunity and serve as the first line of defense against pathogenic infections. The relative abundance of bacterial species, microbial community assembly, and secretion of specific bacterial metabolites are closely associated with host health. In this study, we investigated the association between the skin microbiome and Ranavirus, and compared the bacterial community assemblage, alpha and beta diversity, and functional predictions of the skin bacterial assemblage in cultured healthy Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus) and individuals infected with Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV or ADRV). To achieve this, we employed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The results identified Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota as the dominant phyla in the diseased and healthy groups. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that the skin bacterial community in the diseased group exhibited no significant differences in bacterial species diversity and lower species richness compared to the healthy group. Beta diversity suggested that the two group bacterial community was quite different. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyze and clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (COG) function predictions revealed that changes and variations occurred in the metabolic pathways and function distribution of skin bacterial communities in two groups.
Harnessing inter-kingdom metabolic disparities at the human-fungal interface for novel therapeutic approaches
Authors: Costantini Claudio , Pariano Marilena , Puccetti Matteo , Giovagnoli Stefano , Pampalone Gioena , Dindo Mirco , Cellini Barbara , Romani Luigina
Published: April 2024

Humans interact with a multitude of microorganisms in various ecological relationships, ranging from commensalism to pathogenicity. The same applies to fungi, long recognized for their pathogenic roles in infection–such as in invasive fungal diseases caused, among others, by Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida spp.–and, more recently, for their beneficial activities as an integral part of the microbiota. Indeed, alterations in the fungal component of the microbiota, or mycobiota, have been associated with inflammatory, infectious and metabolic diseases, and cancer. Whether acting as opportunistic pathogens or symbiotic commensals, fungi possess a complex enzymatic repertoire that intertwines with that of the host. In this metabolic cross-talk, fungal enzymes may be unique, thus providing novel metabolic opportunities to the host, or, conversely, produce toxic metabolites. Indeed, administration of fungal probiotics and fungi-derived products may be beneficial in inflammatory and infectious diseases, but fungi may also produce a plethora of toxic secondary metabolites, collectively known as mycotoxins. Fungal enzymes may also be homologues to human enzymes, but nevertheless embedded in fungal-specific metabolic networks, determined by all the interconnected enzymes and molecules, quantitatively and qualitatively specific to the network, such that the activity and metabolic effects of each enzyme remain unique to fungi. In this Opinion, we explore the concept that targeting this fungal metabolic unicity, either in opportunistic pathogens or commensals, may be exploited to develop novel therapeutic strategies. In doing so, we present our recent experience in different pathological settings that ultimately converge on relevant trans-kingdom metabolic differences.
Agreement between the activPAL accelerometer and direct observation during a series of gait and sit-to-stand tasks in people living with cervical dystonia
Authors: Yaqoob Irum , Gusso Silmara , Simpson Mark , Meiring Rebecca M.
Published: April 2024

Background

Accelerometers are commonly used for the assessment of PA; however, these devices have not been validated in people with dystonia who experience movement limitations. To properly understand movement behaviors and deliver accurate exercise prescription in this population, the validity of these devices must be tested.

Objective

This study aimed to validate step count and postural transitions detected by the activPAL accelerometer (AP) against direct observation (DO) during two functional assessments: the 30-s sit-to-stand (30STS) and 6-min usual-pace walk tests. Methods: A total of 11 participants with cervical dystonia (CD) (male/female n = 5/6; mean age = 61 years; BMI = 24 kg/m2) performed the 6-min usual pace walking and 30STS while wearing the activPAL. A trained observer counted steps and observed the number of sit-to-stands.

Results

The average step count detected with AP and DO was 651.8 (218–758) and 654.5 (287–798) respectively. The average transitions detected were 11 (4–16) and 12 (4–17) respectively. Both methods showed good agreement and there was a statistically significant and strong correlation between the two methods, i.e., transitions (r = 0.983, p = 0.0001), and step counts (r = 0.9841, p = 0.0001).

Conclusion

There is a good agreement between activPAL and direct observation for step counts and transitions between sitting and standing in people living with CD.
A review of methamphetamine use and stroke in the young
Authors: Hemphill Kafi , Tierney Shannon , Tirschwell David , Davis Arielle P.
Published: April 2024

Methamphetamine (meth) is a potent and addictive central nervous system stimulant with increasing use. Stroke is one severe possible complication of meth use. Due to high levels of manufacturing in Mexico, the western United States has experienced greater consequences of meth use. The literature reviewed herein is comprised of case studies and series, and it suggests that hemorrhagic stroke (including hypertensive-like intracerebral hemorrhage and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage), as opposed to ischemic stroke, is the more common type of neurovascular complication of meth use. Meth-related strokes are a particular concern for younger patients with stroke and may be a partial explanation for increasing stroke rates in this age group. We describe two cases (one intraparenchymal hemorrhage and one ischemic stroke) in young patients (<50 years old) with recent meth use to illustrate clinical characteristics and therapeutic considerations. There are several proposed pathophysiological explanations for meth-associated hemorrhagic stroke including an induced hypertensive surge, vasospasm, blood brain barrier breakdown, chronic hypertension, aneurysm development and rupture, and very rarely associated vasculitis. The increased risk of ischemic stroke related to meth use is less well supported in the literature, but this may, in part, be related to a lack of appropriately designed and powered research studies. Proposed mechanisms for ischemic stroke complications of meth use include those affecting blood vessels such as accelerated atherosclerosis, chronic hypertension, vasospasm, and vasculitis, plus mechanisms that affect the heart including cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, and infective endocarditis (especially with injection drug use). Standard therapeutic interventions for acute stroke and approaches to secondary stroke prevention seem appropriate for meth-associated strokes, with the addition of abstinence from continued meth use. There is no evidence for any meth-specific stroke treatments. Finally, the prolonged duration of meth withdrawal is described. Larger, prospective studies of meth-related strokes are needed to allow for a better understanding and improved care for this often-devastating consequence of an increasingly prevalent cause of strokes in young patients.
Current potential therapeutics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Lu Lijun , Deng Youqing , Xu Renshi
Published: April 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating motor neurological disorder for which there is still no cure. The disease seriously jeopardizes the health and lifespan of adult populations. The authors extensively retrieved the current literature about clinical and experimental ALS treatments. Based on them, this review primarily focused on summarizing the current potential clinical usage and trialing therapeutics of ALS. Currently, the clinical ALS treatments have focused primarily on relieving symptoms to improve the quality of life yet. There are a number of therapeutic approaches such as medicine, gene therapy, neuron protectants, combination therapy and stem cells. Among them, Stem cells including embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, and many other types of stem cells have been used in ALS treatment, and although the short-term efficacy is good, it is worth exploring whether this improved efficacy leads to prolonged patient survival. In addition, the supportive treatments also exert an important effect on improving the quality of life and prolong the survival of ALS patients in absence of effectively care for stopping or reversing the progression of ALS.
Sintilimab combined with anlotinib as first-line treatment for advanced sarcomatoid carcinoma of head and neck: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Lei , Huang Yingyu , Sun Xin
Published: April 2024

Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) is a rare, complex, aggressive tumor that spreads rapidly, is highly malignant, and has metastasized. Surgical resection is the primary treatment, and it usually occurs in the lungs and kidneys but rarely in the neck. Patients with advanced sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) of the head and neck (HN) have a poor progonsis. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been established as treatments for many solid tumors; however, the effectiveness of ICIs in treating SC of HN is still little recognized. We report a case study of a middle-aged woman with primary sarcomatoid carcinoma of the neck. She developed sarcomatoid carcinoma of the contralateral neck 7 months after the first surgical treatment. Subsequently, disease recurrence and metastasis occurred 8 months after the second surgery. The patient did not receive any treatment after both surgeries. The tumor showed high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, with a combined positive score (CPS): 95. The patient’s response to treatment was assessed as partial remission (PR) after 2 cycles of anlotinib combined with sintilimab. The patient has survived for over 2 years and remains in PR status, despite experiencing grade 2 hypothyroidism as an adverse event during treatment. The case highlights the efficacy and safety of anlotinib and sintilimab as a first-line treatment.
Bibliometric and visual analysis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (2004-2023)
Authors: Tian Shao-Chuang , Yang Jing , Li Xin , Huang Rong-Xia , Chen Jian
Published: April 2024

Background

Patients undergoing chemotherapy often encounter troubling and common side effects, notably Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). This side effect not only impairs the patient’s quality of life but could also result in the interruption or discontinuation of the chemotherapy treatment. Consequently, research into CINV has consistently remained a focal point in the realm of clinical medicine. In this research domain, bibliometric analysis has not been conducted. The purpose of this study is to deliver a thorough summary of the knowledge framework and key areas of interest in the field of Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, using bibliometric methods. This approach aims to furnish novel concepts and pathways for investigators working in this area.

Methods

Publications focusing on Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, spanning from 2004 to 2023, were identified using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package “bibliometrix” were employed for this bibliometric analysis.

Results

This research covers 734 publications from 61 countries, with the United States and China being the primary contributors. There has been a significant rise in the volume of papers published in the most recent decade compared to the one before it, spanning over the past twenty years. However, the annual publication rate in the last ten years has not shown a significant upward trend. The University of Toronto, Merck & Co., Sun Yat-sen University, and Helsinn Healthcare SA emerged as the principal research institutions in this field. Supportive Care in Cancer stands out as the most frequently published and cited journal in this domain. These works are contributed by 3,917 authors, with Rudolph M Navari, Matti Aapro, Shimokawa Mototsugu, and Lee Schwartzberg being among those who have published the most. Paul J. Hesketh is notably the most co-cited author. The primary focus of this research field lies in exploring the mechanisms of CINV and the therapeutic strategies for managing it. Key emerging research hotspots are represented by terms such as “Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting,” “nausea,” “vomiting,” “chemotherapy,” and “antiemetics.”

Conclusion

This represents the inaugural bibliometric study to thoroughly outline the research trends and advancements in the field of CINV. It highlights the latest research frontiers and trending directions, offering valuable insights for scholars engaged in studying CINV.
A three miRNAs panel in paraffin tissue serves as tool for predicting prognosis of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Wenkang , Wang Wuping , Zhao Zhengping , Wen Zhenyu , Li Yingqi , Ge Zhenjian , Lai Yongqing , Ni Liangchao
Published: April 2024

Background

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) stands as the most prevalent form of urogenital cancer. However, there is currently no universally accepted method for predicting the prognosis of RCC. MiRNA holds great potential as a prognostic biomarker for RCC.

Methods

A total of 100 cases with complete paraffin specimens and over 5-year follow-up data meeting the requirements were collected. Utilizing the clinical information and follow-up data of the specimens, an information model was developed. The expression levels of eight microRNAs were identified using RT-qPCR. Finally, determine and analyze the clinical application value of these microRNAs as prognostic markers for RCC.

Results

Significant differences were observed in the expression of two types of miRNAs (miR-378a-5p, miR-23a-5p) in RCC tissue, and three types of miRNAs (miR-378a-5p, miR-642a-5p, miR-23a-5p) were found to be linked to the prognosis of RCC. Establish biomarker combinations of miR-378a-5p, miR-642a-5p, and miR-23a-5p to evaluate RCC prognosis.

Conclusion

The combination of three microRNA groups (miR-378a-5p, miR-642a-5p, and miR-23a-5p) identified in paraffin section specimens of RCC in this study holds significant potential as biomarkers for assessing RCC prognosis.
Shenling Baizhu San ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites
Authors: Chen Dongliang , Wang Yuanfei , Yang Jianmei , Ou Wanyi , Lin Guiru , Zeng Ze , Lu Xiaomin , Chen Zumin , Zou Lili , Tian Yaling , Wu Aiping , Keating Shelley E. , Yang Qinhe , Lin Chenli , Liang Yinji
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its related mortality is increasing at an unprecedented rate. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to offer potential for early prevention and treatment of NAFLD. The new mechanism of “Shenling Baizhu San” (SLBZS) is examined in this study for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD at the preclinical level.

Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal diet (ND), western diet + CCl4 injection (WDC), and SLBZS intervention (WDC + SLBZS). Body weights, energy intake, liver enzymes, pro-inflammatory factors, and steatosis were recorded in detail. Meanwhile, TPH1, 5-HT, HTR2A, and HTR2B were tested using qRT-PCR or ELISA. Dynamic changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites were further detected through the 16S rRNA gene and untargeted metabolomics.

Results: SLBZS intervention for 6 weeks could reduce the serum and liver lipid profiles, glucose, and pro-inflammatory factors while improving insulin resistance and liver function indexes in the mice, thus alleviating NAFLD in mice. More importantly, significant changes were found in the intestinal TPH-1, 5-HT, liver 5-HT, and related receptors HTR2A and HTR2B. The 16S rRNA gene analysis suggested that SLBZS was able to modulate the disturbance of gut microbiota, remarkably increasing the relative abundance of probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Parvibacter) and inhibiting the growth of pro-inflammatory bacteria (Erysipelatoclostridium and Lachnoclostridium) in mice with NAFLD. Combined with metabolomics in positive- and negative-ion-mode analyses, approximately 50 common differential metabolites were selected via non-targeted metabolomics detection, which indicated that the targeting effect of SLBZS included lipid metabolites, bile acids (BAs), amino acids (AAs), and tryptophan metabolites. In particular, the lipid metabolites 15-OxEDE, vitamin D3, desoxycortone, and oleoyl ethanol amide were restored by SLBZS.

Conclusion: Integrating the above results of multiple omics suggests that SLBZS ameliorates NAFLD via specific gut microbiota, gut-derived 5-HT, and related metabolites to decrease fat accumulation in the liver and inflammatory responses.
Identification of new stable resistant sources and assessing agro-morphological performance of sponge gourd germplasm against Tomato Leaf curl New Delhi Virus incidence
Authors: Singh Jogendra , Munshi Anilabha Das , Singh Deepak , Meena Bharat Raj , Singh Awani Kumar , Nagar Arvind , Lyngdoh Yvonne Angel , Tomar Bhoopal Singh , Dey Shyam Sundar , Ranjan Jeetendra Kumar , Singh Narendra , Kumar Narendra , Mahajani Kamla
Published: April 2024

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (TolCNDV) causes yellow mosaic disease, which poses a significant biotic constraint for sponge gourd cultivation, potentially resulting in crop loss of up to 100%. In the present investigation, 50 diverse genotypes were screened for 3 years under natural epiphytotic conditions. A subset of 20 genotypes was further evaluated across four different environments. The combined analysis of variance revealed a significant genotype × environment interaction. Eight genotypes consistently exhibited high and stable resistance in the preliminary screening and multi-environment testing. Furthermore, genotype plus genotype × environment interaction biplot analysis identified DSG-29 (G-3), DSG-7 (G-2), DSG-6 (G-1), and DSGVRL-18 (G-6) as the desirable genotypes, which have stable resistance and better yield potential even under diseased conditions. The genotype by yield × trait biplot analysis and multi-trait genotype–ideotype distance index analysis further validated the potential of these genotypes for combining higher yield and other desirable traits with higher resistance levels. Additionally, resistant genotypes exhibited higher activities of defense-related enzymes as compared to susceptible genotypes. Thus, genotypes identified in our study will serve as a valuable genetic resource for carrying out future resistance breeding programs in sponge gourd against ToLCNDV.
Influence of Chrysanthemum morifolium-maize intercropping pattern on yield, quality, soil condition, and rhizosphere soil microbial communities of C. morifolium
Authors: Liao Zhiyuan , Chen Qiaohuan , Li Jinxin , Wei Lu , Wu Jialiang , Wang Xiao , Liu Qi , Miao Yuhuan , Liu Dahui
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. is a perennial herb in the Compositae family, often employed in traditional Chinese medicine due to its medicinal value. The planting of C. morifolium faces the challenges of continuous cropping, and intercropping is able to somewhat overcome the obstacles of continuous cropping.

Methods

In our study, we designed two different C. morifolium-maize intercropping patterns, including C. morifolium-maize narrow-wide row planting (IS) and C. morifolium-maize middle row planting (IM). Compared with monoculture, the agronomic traits, yield, active ingredients, soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and rhizosphere soil microbial communities of C. morifolium and maize were measured under the two C. morifolium-maize intercropping patterns.

Results

The findings indicated that (1) Intercropping elevated the agronomic traits, yield, and active ingredients of C. morifolium, especially in C. morifolium-maize narrow-wide row planting pattern, which indicating that interspecific distance played an important role in intercropping system; (2) Intercropping enhanced soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of C. morifolium and maize; (3) Intercropping altered rhizosphere soil microbial communities of C. morifolium and maize, making microbial interrelationships more complex. (4) Intercropping could recruit a large number of beneficial microorganisms enrich in the soil, including Bacillus, Sphingomonas, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Chaetomium, and Ceratorhiza, which may increase the content of AN, NN, AvK, ExCa, AvCu, AvZn and other nutrients in soil and promoted the growth and quality of C. morifolium.

Discussion

In summary, intercropping with maize could promote the accumulation of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, thus improving the overall growing environment, and finally realizing the growth and improvement of C. morifolium.
Social media features, perceived group norms, and adolescents’ active social media use matter for perceived friendship quality
Authors: Angelini Federica , Gini Gianluca , Marino Claudia , Van Den Eijnden Regina
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Developmental researchers are becoming increasingly interested in the role of social media in adolescents’ experiences with their peers; however, to date, few studies have investigated the association between youngsters’ interactions with friends online and the perceived quality of their friendship relationships.

Methods

Thus, the current study aims to test the associations between three social media features, as perceived by adolescents, (i.e., availability, quantifiability, visualness) and the quality of adolescents’ friendships (in terms of perceived validation, intimacy, companionship), considering participants’ frequency of active social media use (i.e., self-oriented and other-oriented social media use), and the role of perceived group norms about social media use. Moreover, we tested potential differences across gender groups. Participants were 751 adolescents (Mage = 16.2, SD = 1.5).

Results

A SEM analysis showed that, among the perceived social media features, availability was positively associated with perceived friendship quality–both directly and indirectly. Furthermore, friends who participated more in other-oriented social media use reported being more satisfied with their friendship relationships and the results showed that peer influence processes were also active on social media.

Discussion

Taken together, these results emphasize the study of social media as a social context for a better understanding of contemporary peer experiences during adolescence. Specifically, novel behaviors (e.g., liking or commenting on posts or content of peers), which characterize interactions between friends, may support relational functioning and well-being purposes in both the offline and online context.
Perception of reduced forms in English by non-native users of English
Authors: Kul Malgorzata
Published: April 2024

The article reports the results of a study on the perception of reduced forms by non-native users of English. It tests three hypotheses: (i) reduced forms with context are recognized more accurately and faster than reduced forms without context; (ii) gradient reduction is perceived less robustly than the categorical one; and (iii) subjects with musical background perceive reduced forms better than those without. An E-Prime study on 102 Polish learners of English was implemented, comparing participants’ accuracy and reaction times with a control group of 14 native speakers. The study was corpus-based and used 287 reduced forms from a corpus of Lancashire. The results indicate that (i) lexical context and phone density significantly affect perception, (ii) the category of reduction process (gradient or categorical) is irrelevant, and (iii) musical background only partially impacts non-native perception.
The study of constructing evaluation indicators for the implementation of employee assistance programs in public sectors
Authors: Chen Yin-Che , Chung Su-Ching , Chu Hui-Chuang
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Employee assistance programs require resources and manpower of various natures across different types of public sector organization.

Methods

This study began by outlining elements for comparing employee assistance programs’ evaluation criteria in four types of public sector organization on the basis of 22 service measures for such programs implemented by the Ministry of Labor in relation to three major aspects: work, life, and health. Elements of the evaluation criteria for public sector employee assistance programs were determined by surveying a panel of experts using the modified Delphi method. Last, the weight associated with the elements of evaluation criteria were calculated using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, and the criteria of four types of public sector organization were explored.

Results

Data analysis indicated that the weight and priorities associated with elements of evaluation criteria for EAPs implemented by four types of public sector organization were not fully identical.

Discussion

The results of this study suggest that, in terms of EAPs, the Directorate-General of Personnel Administration of the Executive Yuan should be pursuant to appropriate employee assistance programs provided by various public sector organizations according to the needs of their employees as well as the diverse objective conditions in which these organizations operate.
The influence of athletes’ gratitude on burnout: the sequential mediating roles of the coach–athlete relationship and hope
Authors: Dong Liangshan , Zou Shisi , Fan Rong , Wang Bin , Ye Lv
Published: April 2024

Background

Athlete burnout is a widespread psychological syndrome in competitive sports, negatively impacts athletes’ competitive state and hampers the healthy development of sports organizations. With the rise of positive psychology, exploring the mechanisms of athlete psychological fatigue through the lens of psychological capital has become a focal point of recent research. This study introduces gratitude, a key element of psychological capital in positive psychology, to examine its effect on athlete burnout and its mechanism of action, with a particular focus on the sequential mediating roles of the coach-athlete relationship (CAR) and hope.

Method

A cross-sectional study design was utilized, involving 483 active Chinese athletes from national training teams and professional sports teams. The sample comprised both male (n=251) and female (n=232) athletes, with an average age of 19.24 ± 3.99 years. Participants were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires, including the Gratitude Questionnaire, CAR Questionnaire, Hope Questionnaire, and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling in AMOS 24.0 and descriptive statistics and correlation analyses in SPSS 20.0 were employed for data analysis.

Results

The study revealed significant associations between athlete gratitude, CAR, hope, and athlete burnout. Notably, gratitude was found to both directly and indirectly (via CAR and hope) influence burnout levels among athletes, suggesting a sequential mediation effect.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the importance of positive psychological constructs in buffering against athlete burnout. Specifically, gratitude, alongside a supportive CAR and elevated levels of hope, may play crucial roles in mitigating burnout symptoms. These insights offer promising directions for the development of targeted intervention strategies aimed at fostering athlete well-being and performance, advocating for the integration of positive psychology principles in the management and prevention of athlete burnout.