bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anakinra as first‐line disease‐modifying therapy in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Report of forty‐six patients from an international multicenter series
Authors: Nigrovic Peter A. , Mannion Melissa , Prince Femke H. M. , Zeft Andrew , Rabinovich C. Egla , van Rossum Marion A. J. , Cortis Elisabetta , Pardeo Manuela , Miettunen Paivi M. , Janow Ginger , Birmingham James , Eggebeen Aaron , Janssen Erin , Shulman Andrew I. , Son Mary Beth , Hong Sandy , Jones Karla , Ilowite Norman T. , Cron Randy Q. , Higgins Gloria C.
Published: November 2010

Objective

To examine the safety and efficacy of the interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) receptor antagonist anakinra as first‐line therapy for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

Patients with systemic JIA receiving anakinra as part of initial disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy were identified from 11 centers in 4 countries. Medical records were abstracted using a standardized instrument, and resulting data were analyzed to characterize concomitant therapies, clinical course, adverse events, and predictors of outcome.

Results

Among 46 patients meeting inclusion criteria, anakinra monotherapy was used in 10 patients (22%), while 67% received corticosteroids and 33% received additional DMARDs. Outcomes were evaluated at a median followup interval of 14.5 months. Fever and rash resolved within 1 month in >95% of patients, while C‐reactive protein and ferritin normalized within this interval in >80% of patients. Active arthritis persisted at 1 month in 39% of patients, at 3 months in 27%, and at >6 months of followup in 11%. Approximately 60% of patients, including 8 of 10 receiving anakinra monotherapy, attained a complete response without escalation of therapy. Disease characteristics and treatment were similar in partial and complete responders, except that partial responders were markedly younger at onset (median age 5.2 years versus 10.2 years; P = 0.004). Associated adverse events included documented bacterial infection in 2 patients and hepatitis in 1 patient. Tachyphylaxis was not observed.

Conclusion

Anakinra as first‐line therapy for systemic JIA was associated with rapid resolution of systemic symptoms and prevention of refractory arthritis in almost 90% of patients during the interval examined. These results justify further study of IL‐1 inhibition as first‐line, rather than rescue, therapy in systemic JIA.
Bio‐electrospraying primary cardiac cells: In vitro tissue creation and functional study
Authors: Ng Keat‐Eng , Joly Pascal , Jayasinghe Suwan N. , Vernay Bertrand , Knight Richard , Barry Sean P. , McComick James , Latchman David , Stephanou Anastasis
Published: November 2010

Manifestations of myocardial infarctions have been recognized as one of the major killers in the Western world. Therefore, advancing and developing novel cardiac tissue repair and replacement therapeutics have great implications to our health sciences and well‐being. There are several approaches for forming cardiac tissues, non‐jet‐based and jet‐based methodologies. A unique advantage of jet‐based approaches is the possibility to handle living cells with a matrix for cell distribution and deposition in suspension, either as single or heterogeneous cell populations. Our previous studies on bio‐electrospraying of cardiac cells have shown great promise. Here, we show for the first time the ability to bio‐electrospray the three major cell types of the myocardium, both independently and simultaneously, for forming a fully functional cardiac tissue. Several samples are characterized in vitro and found to be indistinguishable in comparison to controls. Thus, we are describing a swiftly emerging novel biotechnique for direct cardiac tissue generation. Moreover, the present investigations pave the way for the development and optimization of a bio‐patterning approach for the fabrication of biologically viable cardiac tissue grafts for the potential treatment of severe heart failure after myocardial infarction.
Novel technique to reduce the size of a Fontan Diabolo stent fenestration
Authors: Anderson Ben , Bhole Vinay , Desai Tarak , Mehta Chetan , Stumper Oliver
Published: November 2010

Objectives: To develop an effective catheter technique to reduce the size of a Diabolo stent fenestration in the failing Fontan circulation. Background: Diabolo stent fenestration is employed by many centers in the treatment of the failing Fontan patient. With subsequent recovery, exercise tolerance may be impaired by significant desaturation secondary to the right to left shunt across the fenestration. Complete fenestration closure carries the risk of recurrence of the initial symptoms and, hence, reduction of the size of fenestration should be the preferred technique. Methods: Twenty‐eight patients with failing Fontan circulations (16 early and 12 late) underwent Diabolo stent fenestration for relief of symptoms. Five of these patients remained very limited by severe desaturation even at rest, after complete recovery from symptoms. Further cardiac catheterization with crimping/reduction of the size of the waist of the stent was carried out using a technique whereby a snare catheter was placed over the waist of the stent aided by an arterio‐venous guidewire loop and a balloon catheter placed within the stent. Results: All 5 patients had successful stent reduction with improvement in saturations, whilst still maintaining a small residual fenestration. No complications were encountered. Conclusion: This novel technique of reduction of a diabolo stent fenestration, in a failing Fontan circulation, offers the advantages of avoidance of implanting further devices in the circulation and the ability to redilate the stent should symptoms recur. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Catalytic Materials for the Direct Epoxidation of Propylene by Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Seubsai Anusorn , Kahn Michael , Senkan Selim
Published: November 2010

The direct vapor‐phase production of propylene oxide (PO) from propylene and molecular oxygen without the use of a co‐reactant remains a challenging problem in industrial catalysis, in spite of several decades of research. Herein, the discovery of a new class of silica‐supported multimetallic RuO2–CuOx–NaCl catalysts for the direct synthesis of PO from propylene and molecular oxygen is reported. This trimetallic catalyst exhibits durability and delivers PO selectivities of 40–50 % at propylene conversions of 10–20 % within 240‐270 °C and at atmospheric pressure. The best performing catalysts are characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and are determined to be composed of nanocrystalline domains of the three phases of RuO2, CuOx, and NaCl.
Design, Synthesis and Characterisation of a Fluorescently Labelled CyPLOS Ionophore
Authors: Coppola Cinzia , Paciello Antonio , Mangiapia Gaetano , Licen Sabina , Boccalon Mariangela , De Napoli Lorenzo , Paduano Luigi , Tecilla Paolo , Montesarchio Daniela
Published: November 2010

A novel fluorescently labelled synthetic ionophore, based on a cyclic phosphate‐linked disaccharide (CyPLOS) backbone and decorated with four tetraethylene glycol tails carrying dansyl units, has been synthesised in 12 steps in 26 % overall yield. The key intermediate in the synthetic strategy is a novel glucoside building block, serving through its 2‐ and 3‐hydroxy groups as the anchor point for flexible tetraethylene glycol tentacles with reactive azido moieties at their ends. To test the versatility of this glucoside scaffold, it was preliminarily functionalised with a set of diverse probes—as fluorescent, redox‐active or hydrophobic tags—either by reduction of the azides followed by condensation with activated carboxylic acid derivatives, or by a direct coupling with a terminal alkyne in a CuI‐promoted 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. Tagging of the monomeric building block with dansyl residues allowed us to prepare a fluorescent, amphiphilic macrocycle, which was investigated for its propensity to self‐aggregate in CDCl3—studied by means of concentration‐dependent 31P NMR spectroscopy experiments—and in aqueous solution, in which combined dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements provided a detailed physico‐chemical analysis of the self‐assembled systems, mainly organised in the form of large vesicles. Its ion‐transport properties through phospholipid bilayers, determined by HPTS fluorescence assays, showed this compound to be more active than the previously synthesised CyPLOS congeners. Solvent‐dependent fluorescence changes for the labelled ionophore in liposome suspension established that the dansyl moieties are dispersed in environments with polarity intermediate between those of CH2Cl2 and propan‐2‐ol, suggesting that the CyPLOS tentacles infiltrate the mid‐polar region of the membranes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Amorphous Mg(BH4)2 from MgB2 and H2 at Room Temperature.
Authors: Fichtner Maximilian , et al. et al.
Published: November 2010

Unsolvated amorphous Mg(BH4)2 is prepared by reactive ball milling of commercial MgB2 under 100 bar hydrogen pressure for up to 100 h with a yield of about 50%.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel RZn2Ga2 (R: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) Intermetallic Compounds with BaAl4‐Type Structure.
Authors: Verbovytskyy Yu. , Kaczorowski D. , Goncalves A. P.
Published: November 2010

The new title compounds are synthesized by arc melting of the elements (900—950 °C, 1 h) followed by annealing at 400 °C (20 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of KCu3S2 Microstructures Through a Composite‐Hydroxide Mediated Method.
Authors: Huang Linyong , Liu Jing , Zuo Zhiyuan , Liu Hong , Liu Duo , Wang Jiyang , Boughton Robert I.
Published: November 2010

KCu3S2 is synthesized in the absence of any organic surfactant from a 3:2 mixture of elemental sulfur and CuCl2 in a 51.5:48.5 mixture of NaOH and KOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Pt(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkyne‐Aldehydes.
Authors: Hong Jong Tai , Kang Min‐Jung , Jang Hye‐Young
Published: November 2010

An environmentally‐friendly cyclization of a series of alkyne‐aldehydes under Pt‐catalyzed hydrogenative conditions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Safe and Scalable Continuous‐Flow Methods for Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation Reactions.
Authors: Ye Xuan , Johnson Martin D. , Diao Tianning , Yates Matthew H. , Stahl Shannon S.
Published: November 2010

The Pd‐catalyzed aerobic alcohol oxidations developed on a small scale are translated into a scalable flow‐based process.
ChemInform Abstract: Unified Oxidation Protocol for the Synthesis of Carbonyl Compounds Using a Manganese Catalyst.
Authors: Kamijo Shin , Amaoka Yuuki , Inoue Masayuki
Published: November 2010

The use of MnCl2/BTP and MCPBA or KHSO5 offers an efficient and selective protocol for the oxidation of a variety of ethers, benzylic compounds and alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Grown on Carboxy‐Functionalized Graphite: An Efficient Reusable Catalyst for Alkylation of Arenes.
Authors: Rajpara Vikul , Banerjee Subhash , Sereda Grigoriy
Published: November 2010

A novel heterogeneous hydrid catalyst is developed and applied for the Friedel—Crafts‐type alkylation of arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active and Selective Supported Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Microwave‐Assisted N‐Alkylations of Amines with Alcohols.
Authors: Gonzalez‐Arellano Camino , Yoshida Kenta , Luque Rafael , Gai Pratibha L.
Published: November 2010

Fe oxide nanoparticles stabilized on mesoporous silica are the most efficient catalyst for the selective N‐alkylation of amines with benzyl alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Triton B‐Mediated Efficient and Convenient Alkoxylation of Activated Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides.
Authors: Meshram H. M. , Goud P. Ramesh , Reddy B. Chennakesava , Kumar D. Aravind
Published: November 2010

A simple and convenient one‐pot synthesis of aryl alkyl ethers by the alkoxylation of aryl halides in the presence of Triton B as nonmetallic base is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Brominated 6,6′‐Dimethyl‐ [2,2′‐bi‐1H‐indene]‐3,3′‐diethyl‐3,3′‐dihydroxy‐1,1′‐diones.
Authors: Chen Yong , Pang Meili , Cheng Kaige , Wang Ying , Han Jie , Meng Jiben
Published: November 2010

The bromination of substrate (I) is studied and the spectral, photochromic, and photomagnetic properties of the different products are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: The Sandmeyer Reaction on Some Selected Heterocyclic Ring Systems: Synthesis of Useful 2‐Chloroheterocyclic‐3‐carbonitrile Intermediates.
Authors: da Silva Daniel , Samadi Abdelouahid , Chioua Mourad , Carreiras Maria do Carmo , Marco‐Contelles Jose
Published: November 2010

The method is successful for various substrate types, although the yields are only moderate to low.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Base‐Promoted Synthesis of Dihydroisobenzofurans by Domino Addition/Annulation Reactions of ortho‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes.
Authors: Dell'Acqua Monica , Facoetti Diego , Abbiati Giorgio , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: November 2010

The sequential transformation of ortho‐alkynylbenzaldehydes in the presence of methanol proceeds generally with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity to provide the target compounds with (Z)‐configuration at the exocyclic double bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiophene Derivatives by Acceleration of Gewald Reaction under Ultrasonic Aqueous Conditions.
Authors: Mojtahedi Mohammad M. , Abaee M. Saeed , Mahmoodi Peyman , Adib Mehdi
Published: November 2010

An ultrasound‐promoted Gewald reaction is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroamination of 2‐Ethynyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroindoles: Toward 2‐Substituted Amino Derivatives of Indole.
Authors: Sobenina Lyubov' N. , Tomilin Denis N. , Petrova Ol'ga V. , Ushakov Igor' A. , Mikhaleva Al'bina I. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: November 2010

Hydroamination of propynones (I) with dimethylamine gives the target amino derivatives (III) and (IV), whereas propynoates (V) yield only the corresponding amides (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Benzimidazoles, 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles and 2‐Substituted Benzothiazoles in SDS Micelles.
Authors: Bahrami Kiumars , Khodaei Mohammad M. , Nejati Akbar
Published: November 2010

Advantages of the title method are operational simplicity, high chemoselectivity, cheap and environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Azide/Alkyne Resins for Quick Preparation of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Sirion Uthaiwan , Lee Jae Hak , Bae Yu Jin , Kim Hee Jun , Lee Byoung Se , Chi Dae Yoon
Published: November 2010

A general procedure for the high throughput synthesis of 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles under optimized reaction conditions without conventional purification is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid—Thiourea Co‐Catalysis: Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized 1,4‐Dihydropyridines from β‐Enamino Esters and α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Yoshida Kohzo , Inokuma Tsubasa , Takasu Kiyosei , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: November 2010

The optimized conditions lead to formation of 5,6‐unsubstituted dihydropyridines as pharmaceutical substructures with only moderate e.e.′s up to 80%.
ChemInform Abstract: Pseudo Four‐Component Synthesis of Benzopyranopyrimidines.
Authors: Ghahremanzadeh Ramin , Amanpour Tayebeh , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: November 2010

A simple procedure is presented for the reaction of salicylic aldehydes, amines and malononitrile to give novel derivatives of the pharmaceutically interesting heterocyclic skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Novel Unsymmetrical N‐(4‐Oxo‐2‐phenyl‐3(4H)‐quinazolinoyl)‐N‐(aryl)acetamidines.
Authors: Khan Rasool , Arfan Mohammad , Mahmood Javeed , Anjum Shazia , Choudhary M. Iqbal
Published: November 2010

Ethanimidoate derivatives (I) react with electron‐rich aromatic amines to give the target compounds which are isolated as their HCl salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Thietanyl Protection in the Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐8‐bromo‐3‐methyl‐3,7‐dihydro‐1H‐purine‐2,6‐diones.
Authors: Khaliullin F. A. , Shabalina Yu. V. , Sharafutdinov R. M.
Published: November 2010

A strategy for the selective N‐alkylation in 1‐position of purine derivative (I) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconium‐Catalyzed Nagata Reaction for the Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1,3,2‐aryldioxaborins via a Mild Three‐Component Condensation of Phenols, Aldehydes, and Boronic Acid.
Authors: Zheng Hongchao , Hall Dennis G.
Published: November 2010

A mild approach is developed with an electron‐deficient boronic acid (I) as coupling component.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel α‐Aminophosphonates and Their Biological Activity.
Authors: Rao Alahari Janardhan , Rao Pasupuleti Visweswara , Rao Valsani Koteswara , Mohan Challamchalla , Raju Chamarthi Naga , Reddy Cirandur Suresh
Published: November 2010

Various new α‐aminophosphonates (IV) are efficiently synthesized by a simple reaction of substituted aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes (II), benzothiazole (I) and phosphites (III) under microwave irradiation without any catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Diphenylphosphinoyl‐3,5‐diaryl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐telluropyrans by Reaction of Chalcones with Bis[(Diphenylphosphinoyl)methyl]telluride.
Authors: Silveira Claudio C. , Rinaldi Francieli , Bassaco Mariana M. , Kaufman Teodoro S.
Published: November 2010

The mild conditions allow a highly stereoselective access to the polysubstituted target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐8‐Deoxyserratinine (IX) via an Efficient Helquist Annulation and Double N‐Alkylation Reaction.
Authors: Yang Yu‐Rong , Lai Zeng‐Wei , Shen Liang , Huang Jiu‐Zhong , Wu Xing‐De , Yin Jun‐Lin , Wei Kun
Published: November 2010

The strategy is general and can be applied to the preparation of many complex members of the Lycopodium family.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid Access to (.+‐.)‐Sedamine and Some Original N‐Benzyl Unsaturated Analogues.
Authors: Boussonniere Anne , Ranaivondrambola Tsiresy , Lebreton Jacques , Mathe‐Allainmat Monique
Published: November 2010

Quarternization of the pyridine derivative (I) followed by hydride reduction and catalytic hydrogenation offers a short synthesis of racemic sedamine (VI) and norsedamine (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Microbial Metabolites. Part 36. Alchivemycin A, a Bioactive Polycyclic Polyketide with an Unprecedented Skeleton from Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Igarashi Yasuhiro , Kim Youngju , In Yasuko , Ishida Toshimasa , Kan Yukiko , Fujita Tsuyoshi , Iwashita Takashi , Tabata Hirokazu , Onaka Hiroyasu , Furumai Tamotsu
Published: November 2010

The title compound exhibits potential antimicrobial effects against Micrococcus luteus and shows inhibitory effects on tumor cell invasion.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel 4′′‐Carbamates of 6,11‐Di‐O‐methylerythromycin A.
Authors: Hu Xianming , et al. et al.
Published: November 2010

Twenty‐four new 4′′‐carbamates (I) are synthesized and evaluated for their activity against erythromycin, methicillin and ampicillin susceptible and resistant bacteria.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Crown and Azacrown Ether Complexes with Zirconium, Hafnium, Niobium, and Tantalum Fluorometallates
Authors: Fonari M. S. , Furmanova N. G. , Simonov Yu. A.
Published: November 2010

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Hydrazide Complexes
Authors: Miminoshvili E. B.
Published: November 2010

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Antimicrobial and Antitumor Cyclic Depsipeptides
Authors: Li Wenhua , Schlecker Andreas , Ma Dawei
Published: November 2010

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles in Organic Synthesis: Thiazoles and Triazoles as Exemplar Cases of Synthetic Auxiliaries
Authors: Dondoni Alessandro
Published: November 2010

Review: key role of thiazole in the syntheses of carbohydrate‐based bioactive molecules; use of 1,2,3‐triazole as robust linker of complex molecules such as glycosyl amino acids, non‐natural nucleotides, 1,6‐oligomannosides and sialoside clusters on calixarene platform; <100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Strategies in the Construction of Chromones
Authors: Li Nian‐Guang , Shi Zhi‐Hao , Tang Yu‐Ping , Ma Hong‐Yue , Yang Jian‐Ping , Li Bao‐Quan , Wang Zhen‐Jinag , Song Shu‐Lin , Duan Jin‐Ao
Published: November 2010

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Escapade in the World of Sulfenate Anions: Generation, Reactivity and Applications in Domino Processes
Authors: Maitro Guillaume , Prestat Guillaume , Madec David , Poli Giovanni
Published: November 2010

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Highlights of the Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroformylation of Alkenes Using Phosphorus Donor Ligands
Authors: Gual Aitor , Godard Cyril , Castillon Sergio , Claver Carmen
Published: November 2010

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allenylzincs and tert‐Butylsulfinylimines: A Fruitful Marriage for Synthesis
Authors: Botuha Candice , Chemla Fabrice , Ferreira Franck , Louvel Julien , Perez‐Luna Alejandro
Published: November 2010

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus—Carbon Bond Formation by Using a Silylphosphine as a Phosphorus Source
Authors: Hayashi Minoru
Published: November 2010

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Rotaxanes via Covalent Bond Formation and Their Functions
Authors: Hiratani Kazuhisa
Published: November 2010

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reconfiguration of Stereoisomers under Sonomechanical Activation
Authors: Cravotto Giancarlo , Cintas Pedro
Published: November 2010

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioresponsive Peptide—Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials
Authors: Aili Daniel , Stevens Molly M.
Published: November 2010

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Operator‐Based Floquet Theory in Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Scholz Ingo , van Beek Jacco D. , Ernst Matthias
Published: November 2010

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Solids in Analytical Chemistry: A Review
Authors: Aguilar‐Arteaga K. , Rodriguez J. A. , Barrado E.
Published: November 2010

Review: 205 refs.
Efficient mapping and acceleration of AES on custom multi‐core architectures
Authors: Pande Amit , Zambreno Joseph
Published: November 2010

Multi‐core processors can deliver significant performance benefits for multi‐threaded software by adding processing power with minimal latency, given the proximity of the processors. Cryptographic applications are inherently complex and involve large computations. Most cryptographic operations can be translated into logical operations, shift operations, and table look‐ups. In this paper we design a novel processor (called mu‐core) with a reconfigurable Arithmetic Logic Unit, and design custom two‐dimensional multi‐core architectures on top of it to accelerate cryptographic kernels. We propose an efficient mapping of instructions from the multi‐core grid to the individual processor cores and illustrate the performance of AES‐128E algorithm over custom‐sized grids. The model was developed using Simulink and the performance analysis suggests a positive trend towards development of large multi‐core (or multi‐ µ‐core) architectures to achieve high throughputs in cryptographic operations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constrained range search query processing on road networks
Authors: Xuan Kefeng , Zhao Geng , Taniar David , Safar Maytham , Srinivasan Bala
Published: November 2010

Range search is one of the most common queries in the spatial databases and geographic information systems (GIS). Most range search processing depends on the length of the distance that expresses the relative position of the objects of interest in the Euclidean space or road networks. But, in reality, the expected result is normally constrained by other factors (e.g. number of spatial objects, pre‐defined area, and so forth.) rather than the distance alone; hence, range search should be comprehensively discussed in various scenarios. In this paper, we propose two constrained range search approaches based on network Voronoi diagram, namely Region Constrained Range (RCR) and k nearest neighbor Constrained Range (kCR), which make the range search query processing more flexible to satisfy different requirements in a complex environment. The performance of these approaches is analyzed and evaluated to illustrate that both of them can process constrained range search queries very efficiently. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extending the concurrency model of the real‐time specification for Java
Authors: Basanta‐Val P. , García‐Valls M. , Estévez‐Ayres I.
Published: November 2010

The current RTSJ (Real‐Time Specification for Java) threading model is dualized: a programmer has to decide between the high predictability offered by the region‐based model and the flexibility offered by the garbage collection. So far, there is no unique type of thread which offers both the high predictability of a non‐heap thread and the flexibility of a real‐time thread in a single entity. Furthermore, this lack has a serious impact on the programmer who has to deal with new and sometimes non‐trivial to use mechanisms, such as specific queues of objects or new types of threads, in order to avoid the priority inversion caused by the garbage collector. In order to tackle the concern properly and provide an improved and more generalized programming model, the authors propose a simple extension to the current threading model namedRealtimeThread++, in an attempt to introduce more flexibility in the RTSJ concurrency model. The paper describes the extension from several points of view: (i) the programmer, identifying scenarios that may benefit from it significantly; (ii) the real‐time Java technology perspective, identifying changes required in the current real‐time virtual machine to support it; and (iii) the accumulated experience, relating empirical results obtained from a software prototype that supports the extension. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of a highly standardized carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester flow cytometry panel and gating strategy design using discriminative information measure evaluation
Authors: Chan Cliburn , Lin Lin , Frelinger Jacob , Hérbert Valérie , Gagnon Dominic , Landry Claire , Sékaly Rafick‐Pierre , Enzor Jennifer , Staats Janet , Weinhold Kent J. , Jaimes Maria , West Mike
Published: November 2010

The design of a panel to identify target cell subsets in flow cytometry can be difficult when specific markers unique to each cell subset do not exist, and a combination of parameters must be used to identify target cells of interest and exclude irrelevant events. Thus, the ability to objectively measure the contribution of a parameter or group of parameters toward target cell identification independent of any gating strategy could be very helpful for both panel design and gating strategy design. In this article, we propose a discriminative information measure evaluation (DIME) based on statistical mixture modeling; DIME is a numerical measure of the contribution of different parameters towards discriminating a target cell subset from all the others derived from the fitted posterior distribution of a Gaussian mixture model. Informally, DIME measures the “usefulness” of each parameter for identifying a target cell subset. We show how DIME provides an objective basis for inclusion or exclusion of specific parameters in a panel, and how ranked sets of such parameters can be used to optimize gating strategies. An illustrative example of the application of DIME to streamline the gating strategy for a highly standardized carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assay is described. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Accuracy, latency, and energy cross‐optimization in wireless sensor networks through infection spreading
Authors: Bai Fan , Munasinghe Kumudu S. , Jamalipour Abbas
Published: November 2010

In this paper, cross‐optimization of accuracy, latency, and energy in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) through infection spreading is investigated. Our solution is based on a dual‐layer architecture for efficient data harvesting in a WSN, in which, the lower layer sensors are equipped with a novel adaptive data propagation method inspired by infection spreading and the upper layer consists of randomly roaming data harvesting agents. The proposed infection spreading mechanisms, namely random infection (RI) and linear infection (LI), are implemented at the lower layer. The entire sensor field is dynamically separated into several busy areas (BA) and quiet areas (QA). According to the BA or QA classification, the level of importance is defined, on which, the optimal number of infections for a particular observation is evaluated. Therefore, the accessed probability for observations with a relatively higher importance level is adaptively increased. The proposed mechanisms add further value to the data harvesting operation by compensating for its potential lack of coverage due to random mobility and tolerable delay, thus a relatively higher accuracy and latency requirements can be guaranteed for the optimization of energy consumption in a dynamically changing environment. Further, with the cost of processing simple location information, LI is proved to outperform RI. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supramolecular and Intramolecular Energy Transfer with Ruthenium–Anthracene Donor–Acceptor Couples: Salt Bridge versus Covalent Bond
Authors: Freys Jonathan C. , Wenger Oliver S.
Published: November 2010

The formation of hydrogen‐bonded cation–anion adducts between the complex [Ru(bpy)2(biimH2)]2+ (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine; biimH2 = 2,2′‐biimidazole) and anthracene‐9‐carboxylate in dichloromethane solution was investigated by 1H NMR, optical absorption, and luminescence spectroscopy. The experimental data indicates that more than one anthracene‐9‐carboxylate anion can interact closely with the dicationic ruthenium complex. Energy transfer from the photoexcited ruthenium complex to anthracene‐9‐carboxylate in 1:1 adducts of these two components was investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy and compared to intramolecular energy transfer in a covalently linked ruthenium‐xylene‐anthracene dyad with a comparable donor–acceptor distance.
Facile Synthesis of Leaf‐Like CuO Nanoparticles and Their Application on Glucose Biosensor
Authors: Li Ying , Wei Yinyin , Shi Guoyue , Xian Yuezhong , Jin Litong
Published: November 2010

An efficient amperometric biosensor based on well‐crystallized leaf‐like CuO nanoparticles for detecting glucose has been proposed. The leaf‐like CuO nanoparticles, synthesized by a simple one‐step hydrothermal method, were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the morphology study. Under the optimal condition, the electrochemical behaviour of the leaf‐like CuO nanoparticles modified electrode for detection of glucose exhibited high sensitivity of 246 µA/mM/cm2, short response time (within 5 s), linear dynamic range from 1.0 to 170 µM (R2=0.9995), and low limit of detection (LOD) (S/N=3) of 0.91 µM. The high sensitivity, good reproducibility, stability, and fast amperometric sensing towards oxidation of glucose, make this biosensor promising for future application.
Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Based on Novel Copper Film
Authors: Sun Fang , Li Li , Liu Peng , Lian Yongfu
Published: November 2010

Novel copper (Cu) film composed of pillar‐like structure was synthesized on indium‐doped tin oxide (ITO) substrate by electrodeposition in acetate bath with proline as additive for the first time and used to construct nonenzymatic glucose sensor. When applied to detect glucose, such prepared electrode showed low operating potential (0.4 V), high sensitivity (699.4499 µA mM−1 cm−2), and fast response time (<3 s) compared with other Cu‐based electrodes. In addition, the prepared electrode also offered good anti‐interference ability to ascorbic acid, uric acid and acetaminophen. Present study provides new insights into the control of Cu film morphology for sensor fabrication.
Selective Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Uric Acid Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Chitosan Composite
Authors: Babaei Ali , Garrett David J. , Downard Alison J.
Published: November 2010

A multiwalled carbon nanotube/chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode (MWCNTs‐CHT/GCE) has been used for simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PAR) and uric acid (UA). The measurements were carried out using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). DPV measurements showed a linear relationship between oxidation peak current and concentration of PAR and UA in phosphate buffer (pH 7) over the concentration range 2 µM to 250 µM, and 10 µM to 400 µM, respectively. The analytical performance of this sensor has been evaluated for detection of PAR and UA in human serum and human urine with satisfactory results.
Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Sea‐ and Freshwater by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with a Vibrating Bismuth Electrode
Authors: Bi Zhaoshun , Chapman Conrad S. , Salaün Pascal , van den Berg Constant M. G.
Published: November 2010

A solid, bismuth (Bi), disk, electrode is used to determine lead (Pb) in natural waters including seawater. The diffusion layer thickness was lowered from 93 to 29 µm by stirring, and to 18 µm by using the vibrated version of the Bi electrode. The Bi electrode does not require removal of dissolved oxygen, which facilitates in situ detection. The electrode was tested for the determination of Pb in coastal seawater samples. The detection limit for Pb was 0.15 nM in acetate buffer and 0.5 nM in seawater using a 2 min deposition time. Cadmium can be determined together with Pb but the sensitivity is about 10×lower. The Bi electrode compares unfavourably to a mercury electrode in terms of sensitivity.
Head and neck paragangliomas
Authors: Mendenhall William M. , Amdur Robert J. , Vaysberg Mikhail , Mendenhall Charles M. , Werning John W.
Published: November 2010

Background

The purpose of this study was to describe the natural history and optimal treatment for head and neck paragangliomas (PGs).

Methods

Our methods were the review of the pertinent literature.

Results

PGs are rare tumors seen most commonly in the head and neck. Approximately 90% are sporadic; the remainder are familial and related to mutations of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) gene complex. Most PGs are benign and slow growing; 6% to 19% are malignant, as evidenced by the development of metastases. PGs may be treated by complete resection or moderate‐dose radiotherapy with a ≥90% likelihood of cure. The optimal radiotherapy dose is approximately 45 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks. The treatment modality selected depends on the risk of complications. Due to their rarity, the optimal treatment for malignant PGs is unclear.

Conclusion

PGs may be treated by either complete resection or radiotherapy with a high likelihood of success. Treatment depends on the location and extent of the PG and the morbidity associated with treatment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Therapeutic effects of a fusogenic newcastle disease virus in treating head and neck cancer
Authors: Li Pingdong , Chen Chun‐Hao , Li Sen , Givi Babak , Yu Zhenkun , Zamarin Dmitriy , Palese Peter , Fong Yuman , Wong Richard J.
Published: November 2010

Background

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a paramyxovirus that is pathogenic in birds but causes only mild flulike symptoms in human beings. NDV(F3aa)‐GFP is a genetically modified, fusogenic NDV. We assessed the utility of NDV(F3aa)‐GFP in treating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods and Results

At a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, NDV(F3aa)‐GFP infection of 3 cell lines supported strong GFP expression by 36 hours. Four cell lines were highly sensitivite to viral cytotoxicity, with >75% of cells lysed by day 6 at MOI 0.1, and 2 other cell lines were partially susceptible. Murine SCC25 flank tumors exhibited robust GFP expression after a single intratumoral viral injection and showed near‐complete tumor regression over 34 days. There were no adverse effects attributable to therapy.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that a fusogenic NDV exerts potent oncolytic effects against human head and neck cancer and support its continued investigation for clinical application. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Hydrograph separation and precipitation source identification using stable water isotopes and conductivity: River Ganga at Himalayan foothills
Authors: Maurya A. S. , Shah Miral , Deshpande R. D. , Bhardwaj R. M. , Prasad A. , Gupta S. K.
Published: November 2010

The observed retreat of several Himalayan glaciers and snow packs is a cause of concern for the huge population in southern Asia that is dependent on the glacial‐fed rivers emanating from Himalayas. There is considerable uncertainty about how cryospheric recession in the Himalayan region will respond to climate change, and how the water resource availability will be affected. As a first step towards quantifying the contribution of glacier‐melt water, hydrograph separation of River Ganga at Rishikesh into its constituent components, namely (i) surface runoff, (ii) glacial ice‐melt and (iii) groundwater discharge has been done in this paper. A three‐component mixing model has been employed using the values of δ18O and electrical conductivity (EC) of the river water, and its constituents, to estimate the time‐varying relative fraction of each component. The relative fraction of the surface runoff peaks (70–90%) during winter, due to the near‐zero contribution of glacial ice‐melt, essentially represents the melting of surface snow from the catchment. The contribution of glacial ice‐melt to the stream discharge peaks during summer and monsoon reaches a maximum value of ∼40% with an average of 32%. The fraction of groundwater discharge varies within a narrow range (15 ± 5%) throughout the year. On the basis of the variation in the d‐excess values of river water, it is also suggested that the snow‐melt and ice‐melt component has a significant fraction derived from winter precipitation with moisture source from mid‐latitude westerlies (also known as western disturbances). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implications of climate change in the twenty‐first century for simulated magnitude and frequency of bed‐material transport in tributaries of the Saint‐Lawrence River
Authors: Verhaar Patrick M. , Biron Pascale M. , Ferguson Robert I. , Hoey Trevor B.
Published: November 2010

More frequent extreme flood events are likely to occur in many areas in the twenty‐first century due to climate change. The impacts of these changes on sediment transport are examined at the event scale using a 1D morphodynamic model (SEDROUT4‐M) for three tributaries of the Saint‐Lawrence River (Québec, Canada) using daily discharge series generated with a hydrological model (HSAMI) from three global climate models (GCMs). For all tributaries, larger flood events occur in all future scenarios, leading to increases in bed‐material transport rates, number of transport events and number of days in the year where sediment transport occurs. The effective and half‐load discharges increase under all GCM simulations. Differences in flood timing within the tributaries, with a shift of peak annual discharge from the spring towards the winter, compared to the hydrograph of the Saint‐Lawrence River, generate higher sediment transport rates because of increased water surface slope and stream power. Previous research had shown that channel erosion is expected under all GCMs' discharge scenarios. This study shows that, despite lower bed elevations, flood risk is likely to increase as a result of higher flood magnitude, even with falling base level in the Saint‐Lawrence River. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of psychopathology in 2‐ to 5‐year‐olds: Applying the Infant–Toddler Social Emotional Assessment
Authors: Visser Janne C. , Smeekens Sanny , Rommelse Nanda , Verkes Robbert J. , van der Gaag Rutger J. , Buitelaar Jan K.
Published: November 2010

The information provided by parents is indispensable for the early identification of psychopathology; for this reason, developmentally appropriate, reliable, and valid questionnaires are needed to gather their information. This study was designed to examine the utility of the Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (ITSEA), a parent‐report questionnaire covering a wide range of behavior and emotional problems and competencies, in preschoolers referred for child psychiatric evaluation. The fathers and mothers of 85 children (23.2% girls; age 15–57 months) with autism spectrum, externalizing, or internalizing disorders completed the ITSEA, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/2–3 and 4–18 versions), and the child domain of the Parenting Stress Index (PSI). The ITSEA showed good interrater reliability between parents, and validity was supported by significant correlations with corresponding CBCl and PSI domains. Evidence supporting the validity of the ITSEA for psychopathology was mixed across scales, with good diagnostic accuracy at the level of the broader psychiatric syndromes being achieved by the combination of subscales within the Externalizing, Internalizing, and Competence domains. The value of the ITSEA lies in the ability to systematically evaluate a wide range of problem behaviors and competencies. The ITSEA may be useful to create profiles of children's functioning in preschoolers referred for psychiatric assessment.
The Rac1 exchange factor Dock5 is essential for bone resorption by osteoclasts
Authors: Vives Virginie , Laurin Mélanie , Cres Gaelle , Larrousse Pauline , Morichaud Zakia , Noel Danièle , Côté Jean-François , Blangy Anne
Published: November 2010

Osteoporosis, which results from excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts, is the major cause of morbidity for elder people. Identification of clinically relevant regulators is needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Rho GTPases have essential functions in osteoclasts by regulating actin dynamics. This is of particular importance because actin cytoskeleton is essential to generate the sealing zone, an osteoclast-specific structure ultimately mediating bone resorption. Here we report that the atypical Rac1 exchange factor Dock5 is necessary for osteoclast function both in vitro and in vivo. We discovered that establishment of the sealing zone and consequently osteoclast resorbing activity in vitro require Dock5. Mechanistically, our results suggest that osteoclasts lacking Dock5 have impaired adhesion that can be explained by perturbed Rac1 and p130Cas activities. Consistent with these functional assays, we identified a novel small-molecule inhibitor of Dock5 capable of hindering osteoclast resorbing activity. To investigate the in vivo relevance of these findings, we studied Dock5–/– mice and found that they have increased trabecular bone mass with normal osteoclast numbers, confirming that Dock5 is essential for bone resorption but not for osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our findings characterize Dock5 as a regulator of osteoclast function and as a potential novel target to develop antiosteoporotic treatments. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Selenium suppressed hydrogen peroxide‐induced vascular smooth muscle cells calcification through inhibiting oxidative stress and ERK activation
Authors: Liu Hongmei , Lu Qian , Huang Kaixun
Published: November 2010

Atherosclerosis is frequently associated with vascular calcification. Increasing evidences underline that the essential micronutrient selenium may prevent atherosclerosis, but the role of selenium in vascular calcification remains unknown. In this study, we assessed the effect of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) on H2O2‐enhanced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification and examined the involvement of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Hydrogen peroxide enhanced vascular calcification by inducing osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs, as showed by up‐regulating the mRNA expression of type I collagen, osteocalcin, and Runx2, a key transcription factor for osteoblastic differentiation, increasing alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition. These effects of H2O2 were suppressed by pretreatment of the cells with selenite (0.1–1 µM) for 24 h. In addition, H2O2 activated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and inhibition of H2O2‐activated ERK signaling by MEK inhibitor PD98059 blocked the effect of H2O2 on osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs. Furthermore, H2O2 induced oxidative stress in calcifying VSMCs, as evidenced by the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species production and malondialdehyde level, and the decrease of total protein thiols content and the activity of antioxidant selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidases. Selenite pretreatment also attenuated H2O2‐induced oxidative stress and ERK activation. These results suggested that selenite suppressed H2O2‐enhanced osteoblastic differentiation and calcification of VSMCs through inhibiting oxidative stress and ERK activation, indicating a potential preventive role for selenium in vascular calcification. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1556–1564, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ProlongedNrf1overexpression triggers adipocyte inflammation and insulin resistance
Authors: van Tienen Florence H. , Lindsey Patrick J. , van der Kallen Carla J. , Smeets Hubert J.
Published: November 2010

Adipose tissue is currently being recognized as an important endocrine organ, carrying defects in a number of metabolic diseases. Mitochondria play a key role in normal adipose tissue function and mitochondrial alterations can result in pathology, like lipodystrophy or type 2 diabetes. AlthoughPgc1αis regarded as the main regulator of mitochondrial function, downstreamNrf1is the key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.Nrf1is also involved in a wide range of other processes, including proliferation, innate immune response, and apoptosis. To determine transcriptional targets ofNrf1, 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes were transfected with either pNrf1 or a control vector. Two days post‐confluence, 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes were allowed to differentiate. At day 8 of differentiation,Nrf1overexpressing cells had an increased mtDNA copy number and reduced lipid content. This was not associated with an increased ATP production rate per cell. Using global gene expression analysis, we observed thatNrf1overexpression stimulated cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cytokine expression. In addition, prolongedNrf1induced an adipokine expression profile of insulin resistant adipocytes.Nrf1has a wide range of transcriptional targets, stimulators as well as inhibitors of adipose tissue functioning. Therefore, post‐transcriptional regulation ofNrf1, or stimulating specificNrf1targets may be a more suitable approach for stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis and treating adipose tissue defects, instead of directly stimulatingNrf1expression. In addition, our results show that short‐term effects can drastically differ from long‐term effects. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1575–1585, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.