bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilising the Integrated Motivational Volitional (IMV) model to guide CBT practitioners in the use of their core skills to assess, formulate and reduce suicide risk factors
Authors: Sandford David M. , Thwaites Richard , Kirtley Olivia J. , O’Connor Rory C.
Published: August 2022

Cognitive behavioural therapists based in primary care are not usually expected to provide therapy to acutely suicidal individuals or work directly on suicidal thoughts. However, all practitioners should be vigilant about suicide risk and potentially help to reduce vulnerabilities to future suicide risk as part of their routine work. Many of the risk factors and processes hypothesised to play a role in the development of suicidal thinking and behaviours are likely to be evident within the usual content of standard evidence-based protocols for depression or anxiety disorders. In this paper we are suggesting that even within the current primary care remit, (i) an increased awareness of suicide risk vulnerability factors and (ii) using knowledge of a psychological model of suicidal behaviour to inform clinical care are likely to be extremely helpful in structuring clinical formulation and informing interventions.

Key learning aims

(1)

To understand the IMV model and the factors associated with suicidal thoughts and suicidal behaviour.

(2)

To understand how core CBT skills and interventions can address these factors.

(3)

To support CBT practitioners in using their current CBT knowledge and skills in the service of reducing the risk of suicidal behaviour.
Humanitarian bullets and man-killers: Revisiting the history of arms regulation in the late nineteenth century
Authors: Abbenhuis Maartje , Bogdan Branka , Wordsworth Emma
Published: August 2022

In 1899, the delegates at the first Hague Peace Conference outlawed the use of expanding bullets in warfare. Also known as “dum-dum” bullets, their prohibition was largely the product of a media spectacle that evolved around their use in British colonial warfare, a spectacle that focused particularly on the ghastly nature of the wounds these bullets inflicted. This article revisits the “dum-dum” controversy of the 1890s as it played out in the Anglo-European public sphere. It argues, firstly, that there was nothing all that innovative about employing the principle of expansion in rifle ammunition. Secondly, it shows that controversies around bullets and their wounds had existed since the invention of industrially produced military rifles – and soft-lead ammunition – in the 1850s. In 1868, the St Petersburg Declaration outlawed the use of exploding projectiles for many of the same reasons for which expanding ammunition would also be banned in 1899. The article also shows that many of the ideas mobilized in the early 1890s to promote a new range of cordite-powered full-metal-jacket bullets because of the supposedly “clean” and “humanitarian” wounds that they inflicted offer an important context in which to read and explain the prohibition of “man-slaying” expanding ammunition. Above all, the article highlights how powerful racist thinking and imperial imperatives were to the framers of the laws of war at the turn of the twentieth century.
Le marché financier, les banques et l’épargne
Authors: Baudhuin Fernand
Published: August 2022

La bourse a souffert pendant toute l’année 1932 du manque d’activité déjà signalé antérieurement. Il en fut du reste ainsi sur toutes les places du monde, et à tout prendre l’atonie a peut-être été moins grande en Belgique qu’ailleurs. La Caisse de liquidations du comptant de la bourse de Bruxelles faisait mensuellement pour 1.300 millions d’opérations au premier semestre de 1929; elle descendit à 273 millions en juin 1932, et la moyenne de l’année s’établit à quelque 335 millions. Le mouvement du marché à terme a diminué à peu près dans la même mesure. Il y a naturellement forte régression dans les transactions, mais étant donné la chute des cours on pouvait craindre pis. L’examen du détail de ces chiffres révèle l’existence de deux réveils de la spéculation, le premier en mars, le second en septembre. L’un et l’autre furent de brève durée, et suivis d’une rechute dans l’apathie. Mais tout compte fait, le second semestre n’a plus été témoin d’un nouvel effondrement des cours, ce qu’il convient de souligner, car précédemment cette période était ordinairement moins favorable.
Le marché immobilier en Belgique
Authors: Francaux Jean
Published: August 2022

La crise économique, comme on devait le prévoir, n’a pas épargné le marché immobilier ni les diverses industries connexes à celle du bâtiment.

Au cours des années 1928 et 1929, la fièvre spéculative avait éveillé dans beaucoup d’esprits par ailleurs très prudents, la tentation fascinante du gain facile et rapide; et ainsi d’importants capitaux furent distraits du marché immobilier auquel ils étaient normalement destinés. Nous trouvons donc ce marché dans un certain assoupissement au moment de la débâcle financière, ou plus exactement, moins actif qu’on ne s’y serait attendu.

Sans doute, les gros immeubles ne restaient pas sans acquéreurs et des transactions s’effectuaient, mais ici comme ailleurs, l’élément spéculatif était prédominant. Le prix de construction des immeubles haussait sans arrêt : les matériaux et les salaires devenaient de plus en plus coûteux. Cette hausse provenait naturellement d’une forte demande, et d’une activité anormale. Mais c’était là le résultat de la politique poursuivie en matière d’immobilisations industrielles et de grands travaux entrepris à cette époque.
Les indices de la conjoncture économique du Congo Belge depuis la guerre (de 1919 à 1933)
Authors: Eyskens Gaston
Published: August 2022

Dans l’étude de la conjoncture économique, la conjoncture des colonies a été jusqu’ici pour ainsi dire complètement négligée.

Et l’on eu voit immédiatement les raisons. Les organismes d’études économiques sont peu développés ou même inexistants dans ces régions où toutes les initiatives sont tournées de préférence vers les activités directement productives, sans laisser aux hommes d’action et aux administrateurs le loisir des recherches. L’observation directe des faits économiques dans les colonies se heurte d’ailleurs à de sérieux obstacles. C’est du moins le cas pour le Congo belge, où la documentation statistique est insuffisante à beaucoup d’égards. Des données quantitatives sur maint phénomène intéressant y font encore défaut.
Le taux de capitalisation des valeurs à revenu variable
Authors: Masoin Maurice
Published: August 2022

Le taux de capitalisation des actions est caractérisé par le fait qu’il dépend de deux éléments variables: le dividende et le cours des actions. Il se distingue ainsi du taux de capitalisation des obligations, dont l’une des bases d’évaluation est normalement fixe, l’intérêt.

Avant toute étude, on pourra donc présumer que le taux de capitalisation des valeurs à revenu variable sera particulièrement sensible aux circonstances économiques, puisque celles-ci influencent à la fois l’élément dividende et l’élément valeur. C’est à déterminer le sens, et si possible, la mesure des réactions du taux de capitalisation des actions aux incidences économiques que s’attache le présent travail. Notre but rencontre ainsi celui que se sont maintes fois proposé des études semblables faites en Allemagne, en Angleterre, en France et aux Etats-Unis, mais qui, jusqu’à présent, n’avaient pas été entreprises en Belgique.
La conjuncture économique de la Belgique et du Luxembourg
Authors: Duprien Léon-H.
Published: August 2022

Pour apprécier la conjoncture économique présente, nous devons, une fois de plus, établir une distinction entre le domaine des monnaies, de la finance et des prix, et celui des tendances économiques plus profondes qui affectent l’activité productive. D’une part, la confusion règne encore, de l’autre, les signes de redressement se multiplient.

La conférence économique de Londres, terminée prématurément, a mis en lumière, aussi nettement que possible, les divergences de vues profondes qui existent en ce moment quant à la politique financière et économique à suivre. Pour apprécier la situation, il convient de préciser les trois voies distinctes qui ont été adoptées.
Les nouvelles idées de Mr J. M. Keynes dans son “Traité sur la Monnaie„
Authors: Roger Charles
Published: August 2022

Les deux imposants volumes que M. John Maynard Keynes a consacrés à l’examen des problèmes monétaires constituent certainement une des plus intéressantes contributions à l’étude des questions économiques.

Les qualités d’écrivain de l’auteur du « Tract on Monetary Reform » sont universellement connues dans le monde des économistes. D’un style puissant et agréable, M. Keynes a toujours attiré l’attention par son originalité et son mordant. Un nouveau livre de sa part sur les questions financières et monétaires qui depuis longtemps constituent son sujet de prédilection, ne pouvait manquer d’être attendu par beaucoup avec impatience. Le souci d’originalité et le goût de la controverse de l’auteur pouvaient faire craindre que le «Traité sur la Monnaie » manquât d’une certaine profondeur. Il n’en est heureusement rien. Si l’ouvrage n’est pas exempt de défauts, il n’a pas celui d’être superficiel. L’œuvre de M. Keynes contient de nouveaux points de vue qui constituent certainement un progrès dans la connaissance des forces qui ont une action dans le monde économique moderne; la discussion des nombreux problèmes que traite l’auteur n’est certes pas définitive. Mais la lecture de ces deux volumes ouvre de nouveaux horizons.
Le chômage en Belgique en 1931
Authors: Julin Armand
Published: August 2022

Un grand nombre des problèmes soulevés par la question du chômage tie peuvent être examinés dans leurs détails qu’à la condition de les situer dans le cadre des institutions qui, dans l’état présent de la législation, organisent le secours aux sans-travail.

Aussi pensons-nous que tout examen de l’emploi de> la main-d’œuvre dans notre pays doit être accompagné d’un bref exposé de l’organisation de l’assistance-chômage, étant entendu qu’il convient de se tenir à l’écart des opinions politiques divergentes et des thèses économiques contradictoires qui s’affrontent à propos du problème du chômage.
Le mouvement social en 1931
Authors: Velge Henri
Published: August 2022

Notre exposé du mouvement de la législation sociale en 1930, a revêtu, pendant cette année, une importance extraordinaire.

Depuis que le législateur s’est orienté vers un programme de mesures de police industrielle, d’assurance et de prévoyance sociale, il n’est pas une année au cours de laquelle une telle abondance de réformes ait été réalisée : loi du 14 juillet 1930 sur l’assurance en vue de la vieillesse et du décès prématuré, loi du Ier août 1930 sur les pensions des ouvriers mineurs, loi du 18 juin 1930 sur les pensions d’employés, loi du 18 juin 1930 sur la réparation des dommages résultant des accidents du travail, enfin, loi du 4 août 1930 portant généralisation des allocations familiales.
Le Problème de l’Or en 1934
Authors: Janssen Albert
Published: August 2022

Parmi les questions internationales qui intéressent spécialement la Belgique, le problème de l’or est un de ceux dont notre opinion publique doit être le mieux informée.

La question de l’or implique, en effet, toute la politique monétaire et la politique des prix, qui ont actuellement une importance fondamentale dans l’évolution de la crise mondiale.

Le fait que l’on discute de plus en plus la question de l’or est d’ailleurs un signe de la sévérité de la dépression économique.

Les opinions, en cette matière, sont profondément divisées. J’en fus le témoin à la Commission Internationale pour l’Étude de l’Or à Genève de 1929 à 1932, et l’année dernière à la Conférence Économique et Monétaire de Londres, qui fut la dernière tentative de redonner un peu de liberté à la vie économique dans le monde. Elle a totalement échoué sur la question de l’or par suite du heurt brutal entre des conceptions radicalement différentes, dont l’opposition se manifeste encore aujourd’hui avec la même acuité.
Occurrence and management of herbicide resistance in annual vegetable production systems in North America
Authors: Boyd Nathan S. , Moretti Marcelo L. , Sosnoskie Lynn M. , Singh Vijay , Kanissery Ramdas , Sharpe Shaun , Besançon Thierry , Culpepper Stanley , Nurse Robert , Hatterman-Valenti Harlene , Mosqueda Elizabeth , Robinson Darren , Cutulle Matthew , Sandhu Ravneet
Published: August 2022

Herbicide resistance has been studied extensively in agronomic crops across North America but is rarely examined in vegetables. It is widely assumed that the limited number of registered herbicides combined with the adoption of diverse weed management strategies in most vegetable crops effectively inhibits the development of resistance. It is difficult to determine whether resistance is truly less common in vegetable crops or whether the lack of reported cases is due to the lack of resources focused on detection. This review highlights incidences of resistance that are thought to have arisen within vegetable crops. It also includes situations in which herbicide-resistant weeds were likely selected for within agronomic crops but became a problem when vegetables were grown in sequence or in adjacent fields. Occurrence of herbicide resistance can have severe consequences for vegetable growers, and resistance management plans should be adopted to limit selection pressure. This review also highlights resistance management techniques that should slow the development and spread of herbicide resistance in vegetable crops.
Earth System Model Overestimation of Cropland Temperatures Scales With Agricultural Intensity
Authors: Coffel Ethan D. , Lesk Corey , Mankin Justin S.
Published: August 2022

Intensive crop growth can modify regional climate by partitioning energy to latent heating through transpiration, cooling growing season temperatures. Recent work shows that cooling associated with agriculture can dampen anthropogenic warming over breadbasket regions. However, it is unknown whether climate models reproduce crop influences on regional climate, and thus the future risk of extreme climate events over global breadbasket regions. We show that models overestimate growing season temperatures and underestimate evapotranspiration (ET) over global croplands, and that these differences increase with cropped area. We trace this warm and dry difference through each model's representation of the surface energy budget, showing that model differences in transpiration, leaf area index, and the ratio of transpiration to total ET drive the overall effect. While the implications of these model deficiencies for future projections are uncertain, they point to the importance of improving representations of crop‐climate processes to better assess breadbasket vulnerability to climate change.
Neural Network Emulation of the Formation of Organic Aerosols Based on the Explicit GECKO‐A Chemistry Model
Authors: Schreck John S. , Becker Charles , Gagne David John , Lawrence Keely , Wang Siyuan , Mouchel‐Vallon Camille , Choi Jinkyul , Hodzic Alma
Published: August 2022

Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are formed from oxidation of hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from anthropogenic and natural sources. Accurate predictions of this chemistry are key for air quality and climate studies due to the large contribution of organic aerosols to submicron aerosol mass. Currently, only explicit models, such as the Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere (GECKO‐A), can fully represent the chemical processing of thousands of organic species. However, their extreme computational cost prohibits their use in current chemistry‐climate models, which rely on simplified empirical parameterizations to predict SOA concentrations. This study demonstrates that machine learning can accurately emulate SOA formation from an explicit chemistry model with an approximate error of 2%–8%, up to five days for several precursors and for potentially up to one month for recurrent neural network models, and with 100 to 100,000 times speedup over GECKO‐A, making it computationally useable in a chemistry‐climate model. We generated the training data using thousands of GECKO‐A box simulations sampled from a broad range of initial environmental conditions, and focused on three representative SOA precursors: the oxidation by OH of two anthropogenic (toluene, dodecane), and the oxidation by O3 of one biogenic VOC (α‐pinene). We compare several neural models and quantify their underlying uncertainty and robustness. These are promising results, suggesting that neural network models could be applied to predict SOA in chemistry‐climate models, limited however to the range of environmental conditions that were considered in the training datasets.
Seasonality of Continental Extratropical‐Cyclone Wind Speeds Over Northeastern North America
Authors: Chen Ting‐Chen , Di Luca Alejandro , Winger Katja , Laprise René , Thériault Julie M.
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the seasonality of near‐surface wind speeds associated with extratropical cyclones (ETCs) over northeastern North America using a global reanalysis data set during 1979–2020. As opposed to most studies that emphasize winter storms, ETCs during the fall exhibit significantly stronger 10‐m winds over this region due to the slightly stronger continental cyclones and significantly weaker low‐level stability during that time of the year. Also, ETCs favor inland lakes and Hudson Bay during the low‐ice‐content fall season, leading to lower surface roughness. Combining these results, we derive simple linear regressions to predict the 10‐m wind speed given three variables: 850‐hPa wind speed, low‐level Richardson number, and surface roughness length. This formula captures the observed seasonality and serves as a valuable tool for cyclone near‐surface wind risk assessment.
Melt Migration in Crystal Mushes by Viscous Fingering: Insights From High‐Temperature, High‐Pressure Experiments
Authors: Ryan Amy G. , Hansen Lars N. , Zimmerman Mark E. , Pistone Mattia
Published: August 2022

We conducted experiments to study melt migration in crystal‐rich mushes, with application to magma ascent within transcrustal magma reservoirs. Mushes with crystal volume fractions of 0.59–0.83 were prepared by hot‐pressing crushed borosilicate glass mixed with different proportions of quartz sand particles. Each experimental sample comprises stacked disks of mush and soda‐lime glass, a proxy for crystal‐free magma. Samples were subjected to confining pressures of 100–300 MPa and a temperature of 900°C (above the glass transition temperatures of the borosilicate and soda‐lime glasses) for up to 6 h. The bottom and circumference of the mush and soda lime disks experience the confining pressure, but the top of the mush disks is at room pressure, resulting in a pore‐pressure gradient across the mush layer. Following cooling and decompression, we determined the area fraction and morphology of soda‐lime melt that migrated into the mush layer during experiments. Melt fraction is more strongly correlated to crystal fraction than pore‐pressure gradient, increasing with crystal fraction before sharply decreasing as crystal fractions exceed 0.8. This change at 0.8 coincides with the transition from crystals in the mush moving during soda‐lime migration to crystals forming a continuous rigid network. In our experiments, melt migration occurred by viscous fingering, but near the mobile‐to‐rigid transition, melt migration is enhanced by additional capillary action. Our results indicate that magma migration may peak when rigid mushes “unlock” to become mobile. This transition may mark an increase in magma migration, a potential precursor to volcanic unrest and eruption.
Leadership
Authors: Anonymous
Published: August 2022

The success of AGU is due in large part to a dedicated volunteer leadership that reflects the diverse interests of the international geophysics community. All aspects of the Union's programs rely on the volunteer efforts of members who respond to AGU's motto, “unselfish cooperation in research.”

Ten scientific disciplines are represented in the Union's governing body, the AGU Council, which is the central authority for all Union affairs. The various programs of AGU are initiated and reviewed by a comprehensive group of committees appointed by the President of the Union. These activities range from recognizing the achievements of colleagues and setting the program for AGU's annual meetings to drafting Union position statements and investigating advances in information technology.
The effect of daily UVA phototherapy for 2 weeks on clinic and 24-h blood pressure in individuals with mild hypertension
Authors: Weller Richard B. , Macintyre Iain M. , Melville Vanessa , Farrugia Michael , Feelisch Martin , Webb David J.
Published: August 2022

Latitude and season determine exposure to ultraviolet radiation and correlate with population blood pressure. Evidence for Vitamin D causing this relationship is inconsistent, and temperature changes are only partly responsible for BP variation. In healthy individuals, a single irradiation with 20 J/cm2 UVA mobilises NO from cutaneous stores to the circulation, causes arterial vasodilatation, and elicits a transient fall in BP. We, therefore, tested whether low-dose daily UVA phototherapy might be an effective treatment for mild hypertension. 13 patients with untreated high-normal or stage 1 hypertension (BP 130-159/85-99 mm Hg), confirmed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), were recruited. Using home phototherapy lamps they were either exposed to 5 J/cm2 full body UVA (320–410 nm) radiation each day for 14 days, or sham-irradiated with lamps filtered to exclude wavelengths <500 nm. After a washout period of 3 ± 1 week, the alternate irradiation was delivered. 24-h ABP was measured on day 0 before either irradiation sequence and on day 14. Clinic BP was recorded on day 0, and within 90 min of irradiation on day 14. There was no effect on 24-h ABP following UVA irradiation. Clinic BP shortly after irradiation fell with UVA (−8.0 ± 2.9/−3.8 ± 1.1 mm Hg p = 0.034/0.029) but not sham irradiation (1.1 ± 3.0/0.9 ± 1.5 mm Hg). Once daily low-dose UVA does not control mildly elevated BP although it produces a transient fall shortly after irradiation. More frequent exposure to UVA might be effective. Alternatively, UVB, which photo-releases more NO from skin, could be tried.
Serum clinical laboratory tests and risk of incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 407,190 individuals
Authors: He Xiao-Yu , Kuo Kevin , Yang Liu , Zhang Ya-Ru , Wu Bang-Sheng , Chen Shi-Dong , Cheng Wei , Feng Jian-Feng , Yu Jin-Tai
Published: August 2022

Prevention of dementia is a public health priority, and the identification of potential biomarkers may provide benefits for early detection and prevention. This study investigates the association of common serum laboratory tests with the risk of incident dementia. Among 407,190 participants from the UK Biobank (median follow-up of 9.19 years), we investigated the linear and nonlinear effects of 30 laboratory measures on the risk of all-cause dementia using Cox models and restricted cubic spline models. We found that dementia incidence was associated with low vitamin D concentration (hazard ratio 0.994, 95% confidence interval 0.993–0.996), indicators of endocrine disorders: IGF-1 level (Pfor non-linearity = 1.1E-05), testosterone level (Pfor non-linearity = 0.006); high sex-hormone-binding globulin level (HR 1.004, 95% CI: 1.003–1.006); reduced liver function: lower alanine aminotransferase (HR 0.990, 95% CI: 0.986–0.995); renal dysfunction: cystatin C level (Pfor non-linearity = 0.028); oxidative stress: lower urate level (HR 0.998, 95% CI: 0.998–0.999); lipids dysregulation: lower LDL (HR 0.918, 95% CI: 0.872–0.965) and triglycerides (HR 0.924, 95% CI: 0.882–0.967) concentrations; insulin resistance: high glucose (HR 1.093, 95% CI: 1.045–1.143) and HbA1c (HR 1.017, 95% CI: 1.009–1.025) levels; immune dysbiosis: C−reactive protein (Pfor non-linearity = 5.5E-09). In conclusion, markers of vitamin D deficiency, GH-IGF-1 axis disorders, bioactive sex hormone deficiency, reduced liver function, renal abnormalities, oxidation, insulin resistance, immune dysbiosis, and lipids dysregulation were associated with incident dementia. Our results support a contributory role of systemic disorders and diverse biological processes to onset of dementia.
The role of the immune system in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Katrinli Seyma , Oliveira Nayara C. S. , Felger Jennifer C. , Michopoulos Vasiliki , Smith Alicia K.
Published: August 2022

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in a subset of individuals upon exposure to traumatic stress. In addition to well-defined psychological and behavioral symptoms, some individuals with PTSD also exhibit elevated concentrations of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, PTSD is often co-morbid with immune-related conditions, such as cardiometabolic and autoimmune disorders. Numerous factors, including lifetime trauma burden, biological sex, genetic background, metabolic conditions, and gut microbiota, may contribute to inflammation in PTSD. Importantly, inflammation can influence neural circuits and neurotransmitter signaling in regions of the brain relevant to fear, anxiety, and emotion regulation. Given the link between PTSD and the immune system, current studies are underway to evaluate the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments in those with PTSD. Understanding the complex interactions between PTSD and the immune system is essential for future discovery of diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
Directing HIV-1 for degradation by non-target cells, using bi-specific single-chain llama antibodies
Authors: Stam Jord C. , de Maat Steven , de Jong Dorien , Arens Mathia , van Lint Fenna , Gharu Lavina , van Roosmalen Mark H. , Roovers Rob C. , Strokappe Nika M. , Wagner Ralf , Kliche Alexander , de Haard Hans J. , van Bergen en Henegouwen Paul M. , Nijhuis Monique , Verrips C. Theo
Published: August 2022

While vaccination against HIV-1 has been so far unsuccessful, recently broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein were shown to induce long-term suppression in the absence of antiretroviral therapy in patients with antibody-sensitive viral reservoirs. The requirement of neutralizing antibodies indicates that the antibody mediated removal (clearance) of HIV-1 in itself is not efficient enough in these immune compromised patients. Here we present a novel, alternative approach that is independent of a functional immune system to clear HIV-1, by capturing the virus and redirecting it to non-target cells where it is internalized and degraded. We use bispecific antibodies with domains derived from small single chain Llama antibodies (VHHs). These bind with one domain to HIV-1 envelope proteins and with the other domain direct the virus to cells expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor that is ubiquitously expressed in the body. We show that HIV envelope proteins, virus-like particles and HIV-1 viruses (representing HIV-1 subtypes A, B and C) are efficiently recruited to EGFR, internalized and degraded in the lysosomal pathway at low nM concentrations of bispecific VHHs. This directed degradation in non-target cells may provide a clearance platform for the removal of viruses and other unwanted agents from the circulation, including toxins, and may thus provide a novel method for curing.
Single-phase transformerless nine-level inverter with voltage boosting ability for PV fed AC microgrid applications
Authors: Almakhles Dhafer J. , Sathik M. Jagabar
Published: August 2022

This letter presents a new single-stage common ground type nine-level (9L) switched-capacitor inverter topology with single-phase operation. The primary objective of this topology is to reduce the leakage current, voltage boosting, and maintain the voltage across the switched capacitors. The output voltage (vo) can be boosted up to two times the input voltage (vin). The various modes of operations are explained in detail, and the simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed topology. Next, the experimental results are obtained from a 500 W prototype setup and tested under different scenarios such as load variations, input voltage, and modulation index. Both simulation and experimental results have a good agreement regarding efficiency and performance. Finally, a detailed comparative study is performed with other recent 9L switched-capacitor inverters to prove the merits of the proposed topology.
Neutrophil extracellular traps are involved in enhanced contact hypersensitivity response in IL-36 receptor antagonist-deficient mice
Authors: Hasegawa Yurie , Iwata Yohei , Fukushima Hidehiko , Tanaka Yoshihito , Watanabe Soichiro , Saito Kenta , Ito Hiroyuki , Sugiura Mizuki , Akiyama Masashi , Sugiura Kazumitsu
Published: August 2022

Loss-of-function homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in IL36RN, which encodes interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of skin disorders. We previously reported that Il36rn−/− mice exhibit an enhanced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response through increased neutrophil recruitment. In addition, Il36rn−/− mice show severe imiquimod-induced psoriatic skin lesions and enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. We hypothesized that NETs may play an important role in the CHS response. To confirm this, we examined the CHS response and NET formation in Il36rn−/− mice. Il36rn−/− mice showed enhanced CHS responses, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells, NET formation, and enhanced mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1β, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL2, and IL-36γ. Furthermore, NET formation blockade improved the CHS response, which consequently decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and NET formation. Consistently, we observed decreased expression of these cytokines and chemokines. These findings indicate that IL-36Ra deficiency aggravates the CHS response caused by excessive inflammatory cell recruitment, NET formation, and cytokine and chemokine production, and that NET formation blockade alleviates the CHS response. Thus, NET formation may play a prominent role in the CHS response.
Parameter estimation on multivalent ITC data sets
Authors: Erlekam Franziska , Zumbansen Maximilian , Weber Marcus
Published: August 2022

The Wiseman fitting can be used to extract binding parameters from ITC data sets, such as heat of binding, number of binding sites, and the overall dissociation rate. The classical Wiseman fitting assumes a direct binding process and neglects the possibility of intermediate binding steps. In principle, it only provides thermodynamic information and not the kinetics of the process. In this article we show that a concentration dependent dissociation constant could possibly stem from intermediate binding steps. The mathematical form of this dependency can be exploited with the aid of the Robust Perron Cluster Cluster Analysis method. Our proposed extension of the Wiseman fitting rationalizes the concentration dependency, and can probably also be used to determine the kinetic parameters of intermediate binding steps of a multivalent binding process. The novelty of this paper is to assume that the binding rate varies per titration step due to the change of the ligand concentration and to use this information in the Wiseman fitting. We do not claim to produce the most accurate values of the binding parameters, we rather present a novel method of how to approach multivalent bindings from a different angle.
Galerkin finite element analysis for the augmentation in thermal transport of ternary-hybrid nanoparticles by engaging non-Fourier’s law
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Nazir Umar , El-Zahar Essam R. , Park Choonkil , Jamshed Wasim , Mukdasai Kanit , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: August 2022

Boosting of thermal transportation is the demand of current era. Several techniques have been used to do so. One of an important way is the mixing of nanoparticles to boost thermal performance. Current investigation has been prepared to study the inclusion of tri hybrid nanoparticles in Prandtl fluid model past over a stretched heated sheet. Modelling of consider problem has been done due to consideration of movement in flow in Cartesian coordinates which results coupled partial differential equation system thermal transport in presented by considering generalized heat flux model and heat generation/absorption. The derived coupled complex partial differential equations (PDEs) system is simplified by engaging boundary layer theory. Such developed model is used in coolants regarding automobiles, dynamics in fuel and production of solar energy, fuel cells, optical chemical sensors, automotive parts, dental products, cancer therapy, electrical insulators and dental products. Handling of complex PDEs for the solution is a challenging task. Due to complexity in computational work these PDEs have been transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) after applying similarity transformation afterwards converted ODEs have been approximated via finite element algorithm coded in MAPLE 18.0 symbolic computational package. Comparative study has been presented for the validity of code and authenticity of obtained result. It is observed that fluid velocity for tri-hybrid nanoparticles is higher than fluidic motion for pure fluid, nanofluid and hybrid nanomaterial.
Association between central obesity and incident diabetes mellitus among Japanese: a retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching
Authors: Cao Changchun , Hu Haofei , Zheng Xiaodan , Zhang Xiaohua , Wang Yulong , He Yongcheng
Published: August 2022

Previous evidence revealed that central obesity played a vital role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, because of imbalanced confounding variables, some studies have not wholly established the association between central obesity and diabetes. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis can minimize the impact of potential confounding variables. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between central obesity and diabetes in the Japanese population by using PSM analysis. This retrospective cohort study included 15,453 Japanese adults who were free of diabetes at baseline between 2004 and 2015, which provided all medical records for individuals participating in the physical exam. Central obesity at baseline was an independent variable, and incident diabetes during follow-up was an outcome variable. Using a 1:1 PSM analysis, the present retrospective cohort study included 1639 adults with and without central obesity. Additionally, we employed a doubly robust estimation method to identify the association between central obesity and diabetes. Subjects with central obesity were 92% more likely to develop DM (HR = 1.65, 95%CI 1.12, 2.41). After adjusting for covariates, subjects with central obesity had a 72% increased risk of developing DM compared with subjects with non-central obesity in the PSM cohort (HR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.16, 2.56). Central obesity individuals had a 91% higher risk of DM than non-central obesity individuals, after adjustment for propensity score (HR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.29, 2.81). In sensitivity analysis, the central obesity group had a 44% (HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.09, 1.90) and 59% (HR = 1.59, 95% CI1.35, 1.88) higher risk of DM than the non-central obesity group in the original and weighted cohorts after adjusting for confounding variables, respectively. Central obesity was independently associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes. After adjustment for confounding covariates, central obesity participants had a 72% higher risk of development of diabetes than non-central obesity individuals in the PSM cohort.
Intracellular fluorogenic supramolecular assemblies for self-reporting bioorthogonal prodrug activation
Authors: Zhao Yan , Yao Qingxin , Chen Jiali , Zhang Ruijia , Song Jialei , Gao Yuan
Published: August 2022

Bioorthogonal prodrug activation holds great promise for balancing efficacy and safety of drugs. Visualizable bioorthogonal prodrug activation could allow elucidation of drug liberation events in situ for their correlation with therapeutic efficacy.
Ultra-mild synthesis of nanometric metal chalcogenides using organyl chalcogenide precursors
Authors: Mishra Shashank
Published: August 2022

R2E, (R3Si)2E and R2E2 are reviewed for their fascinating chemistry, reactivity and application as synthons for the ultra-mild synthesis of metal chalcogenide nanomaterials.
Transposition of an acrylate moiety in TMSOTf-mediated reaction of alkynyl vinylogous carbonates gives heterocyclic dienes
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Fartade Dipak J. , Gupta Krishna S. , Patel Raj K.
Published: August 2022

TMSOTf-mediated reaction of alkynyl vinylogous carbonates gave 1,4-oxazepine and dihydropyran dienes via transposition of an acrylate moiety involving intramolecular cascade Prins-type cyclization/retro-oxa-Michael reaction/cycloisomerisation.
Addition of cholesterol alters the hydration at the surface of model lipids: a spectroscopic investigation
Authors: Pyne Sumana , Pyne Partha , Mitra Rajib Kumar
Published: August 2022

Cholesterol modifies the flexibility of lipid membranes and allows bulk-like water to protrude into phospholipid interfaces, thus the H-bonds at the interface become weak resulting in faster hydration dynamics.
Mechanisms of photoinduced toxicity of AgNPs to the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the presence of hematite nanoparticles: insights from transcriptomics, metabolomics and the photochemical index
Authors: Cao Manman , Wang Fei , Zhou Beihai , Chen Huilun , Yuan Rongfang , Ma Shuai , Geng Huanhuan , Xing Baoshan
Published: August 2022

AgNPs attachment to HemNPs have caused photoinduced cytotoxicity, elevating the AgNPs toxicity to C. pyrenoidosa by producing free radicals and improving photocatalytic activity under illumination.
Diosgenin exerts an antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats via gut–brain communication
Authors: Xu Meng-Lu , Peng Bo , Bai Juan , Li Lu , Du Yan , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Li Sha-Sha , Liu Xiao-Xi , Dong Yuan-Yuan , Wu Jun-Zhe , Xiong Ling-Xiao , Chen Lei , Li Hong-Bao , Jiang Hong-Li
Published: August 2022

Schematic illustration of the antihypertensive effect of diosgenin in spontaneously hypertensive rats via gut–brain communication.
A hemicellulose and lignin-first process for corn stover valorization catalyzed by aluminum sulfate in γ-butyrolactone/water co-solvent
Authors: Luo Yiping , Wei Min , Jiang Bin , Zhang Mingyi , Miao Qian , Fu Hongquan , Clark James H. , Fan Jiajun
Published: August 2022

A hemicellulose and lignin-first process for corn stover valorization with unique roles of Al2(SO4)3 in GBL/H2O.
A sample-to-answer, quantitative real-time PCR system with low-cost, gravity-driven microfluidic cartridge for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B, and human papillomavirus 16/18
Authors: Zai Yunfeng , Min Chao , Wang Zunliang , Ding Yongjun , Zhao Huan , Su Enben , He Nongyue
Published: August 2022

We present a low-cost microfluidic cartridge design scheme that combines gravity-driven passive microfluidic pumping with extraction-free amplification to achieve “sample-in, answer-out” point-of-care nucleic acid detection within 30 minutes.
In situ construction of ZnFe2O4 nanospheres on CoO nanosheets for durable photodegradation of organics: kinetics and mechanistic insights
Authors: Okla Mohammad K. , Subhiksha V. , Akshhayya C. , Al-amri Saud S. , Alaraidh Ibrahim A. , Al-ghamdi Abdullah A. , Soufan Walid , Abdel-Maksoud Mostafa A. , Aufy Mohammed , Studenik Christian R. , Khan S. Sudheer
Published: August 2022

The development of a low-cost, efficient and sustainable technology is considered to be of paramount for the efficient degradation of toxic pollutants.
On route to one-pot synthesis of delaminated Al-SSZ-70 zeolite via partial substitution of OSDA with CTAOH surfactant
Authors: Xu Le , Martinez Abraham , Hwang Son-Jong , Chaudhuri Kaustav , Zones Stacey I. , Katz Alexander
Published: August 2022

Direct synthesis of delaminated layered zeolitic materials aims to synthesize confined catalysts for reactions involving sterically bulky reactants, which are too large to benefit from conventional three-dimensional confinement in micropores.
Kinetics of the photolysis of pyridaben and its main photoproduct in aqueous environments under simulated solar irradiation
Authors: Pan Mengyuan , Mu Shiyin , Li Yunfang , Yang Ya , Zhang Yuping , Chen Lingzhu , Hu Deyu
Published: August 2022

Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the photodegradation of pyridaben in different aqueous solutions were carried out using UPLC-HRMS.
Mitochondria-targeted alginate/triphenylphosphonium-grafted-chitosan for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Arafa Kholoud K. , Hamzawy Mohamed A. , Mousa Shaker A. , El-Sherbiny Ibrahim M.
Published: August 2022

Mitochondrial targeting of anticancer drugs can effectively eradicate tumour cells. TPP+-grafted-chitosan based core–shell nanoparticles were successfully internalized into the mitochondria of HCC cells. Also exhibited antiproliferative activity against liver cancer.
Development of a new 3D bioprinted antibiotic delivery system based on a cross-linked gelatin–alginate hydrogel
Authors: Mirek Adam , Belaid Habib , Barranger Fanny , Grzeczkowicz Marcin , Bouden Yasmine , Cavaillès Vincent , Lewińska Dorota , Bechelany Mikhael
Published: August 2022

The work presents coherently the 3D bioprinted cross-linked drug-loaded gelatin–alginate hydrogel matrices and a detailed description of various properties important for a potential use as wound dressings.
Shaping Hox gene activity to generate morphological diversity across vertebrate phylogeny
Authors: Mallo Moisés
Published: August 2022

The importance of Hox genes for the development and evolution of the vertebrate axial skeleton and paired appendages has been recognized for already several decades. The steady growth of genomic sequence data from an increasing number of vertebrate species, together with the improvement of methods to analyze genomic structure and interactions, as well as to control gene activity in various species has refined our understanding of Hox gene activity in development and evolution. Here, I will review recent data addressing the influence of Hox regulatory processes in the evolution of the fins and the emergence of the tetrapod limb. In addition, I will discuss the involvement of posterior Hox genes in the control of vertebrate axial extension, focusing on an apparently divergent activity that Hox13 paralog group genes have on the regulation of tail bud development in mouse and zebrafish embryos.
Supporting Emergent Bilinguals Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication and Their Families: Lessons in Telepractice From the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: King Marika , Ward Hannah , Soto Gloria , Barrett Tyson S.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this project was to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on speech-language pathologist (SLP) service provision for emergent bilinguals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). One prominent issue in AAC service delivery is the efficacy and feasibility of providing AAC services via telepractice. The COVID-19 pandemic intensified this issue as most providers, clients, and families adjusted to remote service delivery models. While emerging evidence supports telepractice in AAC, little is known about the potential benefits and challenges of telepractice for emergent bilinguals who use AAC and their families.

Method:

Data were collected via a nationwide survey. Licensed SLPs (
N
= 160) completed an online questionnaire with Likert-type, multiple-choice, and open-ended questions, analyzed using mixed methods.

Results:

Findings illustrated a shift in service delivery from in-person to telepractice and hybrid (both telepractice and in-person) models. Overall, child intervention outcomes declined for emergent bilinguals who used AAC during the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of service delivery format. However, collaboration increased for many providers and families. Qualitative analyses highlighted barriers to AAC service provision for emergent bilinguals who use AAC that were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as factors that facilitated collaboration and family engagement.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that, despite challenges, telepractice or hybrid services may be a promising approach to provide more culturally responsive, family-centered care for emergent bilinguals who use AAC.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20405673
Derivation of chest‐lead ECG from limb‐lead using temporal convolutional network in variational mode decomposition domain
Authors: Chuang Yu‐Hung , Huang Yu‐Chieh , Chang Wen‐Whei , Chien Jen‐Tzung
Published: August 2022

Standard 12‐lead electrocardiography (ECG) is the primary tool for detection and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Most wearable ECG devices only provide single limb‐lead measurement, limiting their practical use in CVD diagnosis. This study proposes a method of chest‐lead ECG reconstruction from a single limb lead using a temporal convolutional network (TCN). The TCN is learned in the variational mode decomposition domain to reduce the non‐stationary characteristics of ECG data. Experiments on two public databases suggested that automated diagnosis of CVDs in wearable ECG devices is likely to achieve through the proposed approach.
Scattering properties of protoplanetary dust analogs with microwave analogy: Aggregates of fractal dimensions from 1.5 to 2.8
Authors: Tobon Valencia Vanesa , Geffrin Jean-Michel , Ménard François , Milli Julien , Renard Jean-Baptiste , Tortel Hervé , Eyraud Christelle , Litman Amélie , Rannou Pascal , Maalouf Azar , Laur Vincent
Published: August 2022

Context. The growth of dust grains in protoplanetary disks is not understood in detail. Several studies have proposed the presence of aggregates and irregular grains to overcome the physical barriers in grain growth models. In order to understand the scattering properties of these aggregates, laboratory measurements of light scattering and microwave scattering have been developed over the last 50 years.

Aims. We aim to measure the scattering properties of different protoplanetary analog aggregates with fractal dimensions of 1.5, 1.7, 2.0, 2.5, and 2.8.

Methods. We used the microwave scattering technique (microwave analogy) for the measurements. The analog particles were virtually generated and fabricated by 3D printing with a controlled size (scaling factor), geometry, and refractive index. The seven analogs were measured at wavelengths ranging from 16.7 mm to 100 mm, leading to aggregate size parameters ranging from Xagg = 1 to Xagg = 20. The results were compared to finite element method calculations of the same analogs for cross-validation.

Results. The phase function and the degree of linear polarization were deduced from the scattered field measurements of the different aggregates. These scattering properties are compared and discussed as a function of the fractal dimension.

Conclusions. The scattering properties of aggregates with different fractal dimensions are different. Three different realizations of aggregates with the same fractal dimension but different monomer configurations yield the same phase functions. We verified that the maximum degree of linear polarization is higher for porous aggregates than for compact aggregates. Furthermore, the maximum polarization occurs at larger scattering angles for high fractal dimensions, while the half width at half maximum of the phase functions present larger values for small fractal dimensions.