bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-injection serratus anterior plane block for cardiothoracic surgery via thoracotomy in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: He Yi , Li Zhi , Xu Mingzhe , Du Bin , Zuo YunXia
Published: June 2023

Background

Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) has gained popularity in cardiothoracic surgery due to its feasibility and simplicity. However, the efficacy of ultrasound-guided single-injection SAPB in the paediatric population has not been well evaluated, as only a few studies with small sample sizes are available.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wanfang databases and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from their inception to 31 September 2022 for randomised comparative clinical trials that compared single-injection SAPB with systemic analgesia or different forms of regional analgesia in children. The primary outcomes included postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores within 24 hours. The secondary outcomes included postoperative adverse events, the need for rescue analgesia and the time from the end of surgery to endotracheal tube removal.

Results

Five randomised controlled trials with 418 children meeting the inclusion criteria were included. SAPB markedly reduced postoperative opioid consumption up to 24 hours compared with controls (mean difference (MD): −0.29 mg/kg, 95% CI −0.38 to −0.20,I2=67%]. The postoperative pain scores were reduced compared with controls: 1 hour (MD −0.6, 95% CI −1.17 to −0.04,I2=92%), 4–6 hours (MD −1.16, 95% CI −1.87 to −0.45,I2=90%) and 12 hours (MD −0.71, 95% CI −1.35 to −0.08,I2=86%). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was comparable between SAPB and controls. One trial suggested that the analgesic effect of SAPB was comparable to that of ICNB (intercostal nerve block).

Conclusion

Single-injection SAPB is associated with a reduction in opioid consumption and pain intensity after cardiothoracic surgery via thoracotomy in children. Due to the high heterogeneity, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation scores were low. Clinical trials with rigorous methodological approaches as well as safety endpoints are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021241691.
SARS-CoV-2 and the liver: clinical and immunological features in chronic liver disease
Authors: Luxenburger Hendrik , Thimme Robert
Published: June 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect the liver in healthy individuals but also influences the course of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). As described in healthy individuals, a strong SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immune response is important for the outcome of COVID-19, however, knowledge on the adaptive immune response in CLD is limited.

Here, we review the clinical and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with CLD. Acute liver injury occurs in many cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be induced by multiple factors, such as cytokines, direct viral infection or toxic effects of COVID-19 drugs. In individuals with CLD, SARS-CoV-2 infection may have a more severe course and promote decompensation and particularly in patients with cirrhosis. Compared with healthy individuals, the SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immune responses is impaired in patients with CLD after both, natural infection and vaccination but improves at least partially after booster vaccination.

Following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, rare cases of acute vaccine-induced liver injury and the development of autoimmune-like hepatitis have been reported. However, the concomitant elevation of liver enzymes is reversible under steroid treatment.
Predictors of aneurysm occlusion after treatment with flow diverters: a systematic literature review
Authors: Meyer Lukas , Stracke Christian Paul , Bester Maxim , Kallmes Kevin M , Zeleňák Kamil , Rouchaud Aymeric , Martínez-Galdámez Mario , Jabbour Pascal , Nguyen Thanh N , Siddiqui Adnan H , Fiehler Jens , Gellissen Susanne
Published: June 2023

Background

Flow diverters (FDs) have become an integral part of treatment for brain aneurysms.

Aim

To summarize available evidence of factors associated with aneurysm occlusion (AO) after treatment with a FD.

Methods

References were identified using the Nested Knowledge AutoLit semi-automated review platform between January 1, 2008 and August 26, 2022. The review focuses on preprocedural and postprocedural factors associated with AO identified in logistic regression analysis. Studies were included if they met the inclusion criteria of study details (ie, study design, sample size, location, (pre)treatment aneurysm details). Evidence levels were classified by variability and significancy across studies (eg, low variability ≥5 studies and significance in ≥60% throughout reports).

Results

Overall, 2.03% (95% CI 1.22 to 2.82; 24/1184) of screened studies met the inclusion criteria for predictors of AO based on logistic regression analysis. Predictors of AO with low variability in multivariable logistic regression analysis included aneurysm characteristics (aneurysm diameter), particularly complexity (absence of branch involvement) and younger patient age. Predictors of moderate evidence for AO included aneurysm characteristics (neck width), patient characteristics (absence of hypertension), procedural (adjunctive coiling) and post-deployment variables (longer follow-up; direct postprocedural satisfactory occlusion). Variables with a high variability in predicting AO following FD treatment were gender, FD as re-treatment strategy, and aneurysm morphology (eg, fusiform or blister).

Conclusion

Evidence of predictors for AO after FD treatment is sparse. Current literature suggests that absence of branch involvement, younger age, and aneurysm diameter have the highest impact on AO following FD treatment. Large studies investigating high-quality data with well-defined inclusion criteria are needed for greater insight into FD effectiveness.
Insights into the thermo-hydraulic properties of compacted MX80 bentonite during hydration under elevated temperature
Authors: Lu Yu , McCartney John S.
Published: June 2023

In high-level radioactive waste geological repositories, compacted bentonite undergoes coupled thermo-hydraulic processes due to heat released from a central waste canister and groundwater imbibition from the surrounding host rock. An understanding of these processes is essential for long-term simulations of radionuclide migration and canister corrosion, which requires an understanding of temperature effects on the coupled thermo-hydraulic properties governing these processes. In this study, a tank-scale radial infiltration test was used to investigate water imbibition processes in compacted bentonite under a central heater temperature of 200 °C that simulates high thermal gradients in a repository. Interpretation of this test focuses on evaluation of the liquid water wetting front during hydration and the interpretation of the temperature-dependent transient soil water retention curve (SWRC), thermal conductivity function (TCF), and hydraulic conductivity function (HCF). The SWRC during imbibition follows a temperature-dependent wetting path. Temperature effects on the hydraulic conductivity of bentonite in saturated conditions had the greatest effect on the shape of the HCF, with minimal temperature effects at higher suctions. The transient thermal conductivity data matched well with a new TCF linked with the SWRC shape. Although the bentonite layer was restrained, local deformations during hydration may have affected the shapes of the TCF and HCF.
Adaptive selection slime mould algorithm in time–cost–quality–environmental impact trade-off optimization
Authors: Hong Son Pham Vu , Khoi Luu Ngoc Quynh
Published: June 2023

Artificial intelligence technology is now regarded as one of the most significant innovations, aiding humans in finding solutions to a wide range of problems. Because to inventions with such cutting-edge and exceptional features, this field is receiving a lot of attention from all around the world. In this study, the hybrid model adaptive selection slime mould algorithm (ASSMA) is applied to address the project’s multi-objective time, cost, quality, and environment trade-off problem. ASSMA is contrasted with previous algorithms such as multiple-objective swarm algorithm, the opposition-based multi-objective development algorithm, and the slime mould algorithm to emphasize the outcomes of the proposed model. Using performance parameters that evaluate model quality, it is anticipated that this study will greatly outperform and expand upon previous models.
Charged particles and Penrose process near charged black holes in Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory
Authors: Kurbonov Nuriddin , Rayimbaev Javlon , Alloqulov Mirzabek , Zahid Muhammad , Abdulxamidov Farrux , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Kurbanova Mukhabbat
Published: June 2023

We study the dynamics of charged test particles around an electrically charged black hole in Einstein–Maxwell-scalar (EMS) gravity. The event horizon properties of the spacetime around the black hole are explored and the upper limit for the EMS theory parameters corresponding to extreme charge and minimal value of the event horizon are found. The effective potential for the radial motion of the charged particles at the equatorial plane is investigated. Specific energy and angular momentum of the particles corresponding to circular stable orbits are also studied. We also investigate the effects of the EMS parameter and the black hole charge on innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs). We also investigate synchrotron radiation of charged particles in the spacetime of the charged black hole in EMS gravity. We also explore electric Penrose and Bañados–Silk–West processes near the black hole horizon, where we analyse in detail the effects of EMS parameters on energy efficiency in the Penrose process and critical angular momentum that allows colliding particles near the horizon, together with the center of mass energy in charged particles collisions.
Impact of inertial drag on the radiative nanofluid flow over a curved surface for the effect of chemical reaction with convective conditions
Authors: Sahoo R. K. , Mishra S. R.
Published: June 2023

This paper enchases the performance of the inertial drag on the Buongirino model nanofluid flow past a curved stretching surface embedding within a permeable medium. The radiating heat transport property for the interaction linear approach of Rosseland thermal radiation vis-à-vis reacting species enriches the flow behavior. Further, this study is novel due to the consideration of convective boundary conditions for both the energy and solutal bounding surface condition in association with the slip velocity condition. In a practical situation, when the fluid and surface temperature are different, it is wise not to neglect the convective boundary conditions. The application of convective conditions is useful for the fabrication of the final product in the manufacturing processes. Further, the renovation of the proposed model is obtained for the suitable assumption of the similarity transformation. Traditional numerical technique, i.e., fourth-order shooting-based Runge–Kutta is the best choice for the solution of the set of the transformed equation for the assumed parameters within their specified range. Velocity contour for different parameters vis-à-vis the parametric behavior is presented graphically. Numerical validation as well as the statistical testing for the rate coefficients are the novel approaches of this study. However, interesting outcomes are deployed as follows: The enhanced Brownian and thermophoresis both encourage the fluid temperature, whereas thermophoresis decelerates the fluid concentration.
Impacts of uneven thickness on mixture nanoliquid flow over a slendering stretched sheet in company of a magnetic field
Authors: Mandal Iswar Chandra , Mukhopadhyay Swati
Published: June 2023

A numerical analysis has been presented for stream of a mixture nanoliquid over a slendering stretched sheet in company of an external magnetic meadow under boundary layer approximations. This investigation is performed to look at the impacts of variable thickness on balanced two-dimensional (2D) flow of a hybrid nanofluid under border-level approximations as it has wider technological applications in various industries. A variable magnetic field has been considered here. An effort has been taken in this piece to report the joint impacts of variable thickness and MHD on hybrid nanoliquid flow over a slendering stretched sheet as no one has reported such effects. Here lies the novelty of the work. By applying appropriate similarity transformations, the leading partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and the solutions of the nonlinear equations are subsequently obtained numerically using shooting technique. To hold up the soundness of the statistical outcomes, an assessment is completed with the accessible known outcomes for a few meticulous cases of this study. The consequences of a variety of parameters on motion of fluid and heat transport are analyzed and talked about exhaustively with the help of tabular and graphical representations. It is found that Lorentz force slows down the border-level flow and thickens the momentum border level width. Skin-friction coefficient reduces with the decreasing values of m for [Formula: see text] which is obvious as superior values of m help the liquid to move faster over the exterior and the thickness of the boundary layer augments with the mounting values of m ([Formula: see text]). Thus, it can be concluded that the fluid motion is controlled by the power-law index m ([Formula: see text]) since the motion slows down for [Formula: see text] and goes faster for [Formula: see text].
Plenty of accurate, explicit solitary unidirectional wave solutions of the nonlinear Gilson–Pickering model
Authors: Lin Yuanjian , Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes abundant accurate wave solutions that represent the plasma wave propagation based on crystal lattice theory and physicochemical characterization. The Gilson–Pickering ([Formula: see text]) model is analytically and numerically solved by two recent techniques. This model is a basic unidirectional wave propagation model that describes the prorogation of waves in crystal lattice theory and plasma physics. The investigated model has a deep connection with some nonlinear evolution equations under specific values of its parameters, such as the Fuchssteiner–Fokas–Camassa–Holm ([Formula: see text]) equation, the Rosenau–Hyman ([Formula: see text]) equation, and the Fornberg–Whitham ([Formula: see text]) equation. The Sardar sub-equation and He’s variational iteration techniques are employed to construct novel and accurate solitary wave solutions of the handled model. The obtained solutions are explained through some distinct graphs in contour, three-, two-dimensional. The research value is explained by comparing our results with some recently published studies. The employed methods show their simple, direct, effectiveness and their ability for handling many nonlinear evolution equations.
Synthesis of vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles via laser ablation for biomedical applications
Authors: Hadi Ali J. , Nayef Uday M. , Jabir Majid S. , Mutlak Falah A.-H.
Published: June 2023

In recent years, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable interest due to their potential medicinal applications, including cancer therapy, antibiotic resistance and antibacterial activity. Manufacturing V2O5 NPs is a crucial step in developing these applications, and laser ablation in solution has proven to be a particularly successful technique. Following fabrication, colloidal solutions were analyzed using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In this work, XRD study revealed that the produced NPs had an orthorhombic phase. Based on the laser energy, nanosized vanadium pentoxide particles were created by laser irradiating a vanadium bulk submerged in a double deionized water (DDW), resulting in spherical particles with average sizes ranging from 15.4 to 33.8[Formula: see text]nm, as shown by TEM micrographs. Conforming to the quantum size concept, the bandgap energy of V2O5 NPs is higher than that of bulk V2O5 due to the decrease in particle size. This study examined the effectiveness of V2O5 NPs against pathogenic bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus as Gram’s positive bacteria and Escherichia coli as negative Gram’s bacteria. Then, we evaluated anticancer activity of V2O5 NPs against a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7 cells) using MTT assay. The results reveal that the activity of prepared V2O5 NPs against S. aureus is greater than that of E. coli. The findings suggest that prepared NPs can act as an anti-proliferative agent against MCF-7 cells. Subsequently, the produced NPs might be exploited as a future strategy for other biomedical applications.
Matter–gravity entanglement entropy and the second law for black holes
Authors: Kay Bernard S.
Published: June 2023

Hawking showed that a black hole formed by collapse will emit radiation and eventually disappear. We address the challenge to define an objective notion of physical entropy which increases throughout this process in a way consistent with unitarity. We have suggested that (instead of coarse-grained entropy) physical entropy is matter–gravity entanglement entropy and that this may offer an explanation of entropy increase both for the black hole collapse and evaporation system and also for other closed unitarily evolving systems. For this to work, the matter–gravity entanglement entropy of the late-time state of black hole evaporation would have to be larger than the entropy of the freshly formed black hole. We argue that this may possibly be the case due to (usually neglected) photon–graviton interactions.
EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF POWDER MIXED EDM OF Ni-BASED SUPERALLOYS: A REVIEW
Authors: UDDIN MD PIYAR , BARMA JOHN DEB , MAJUMDER ARINDAM
Published: June 2023

Ni-based superalloys fall under the category of difficulty in machining type material owing to their poor thermal conductivity and high strength at extreme temperatures. Machining such materials using the traditional approach is a tremendously difficult task. On the other hand, EDM, one of the most sophisticated electro-thermal manufacturing processes, is used to machine such materials. It is a well-known non-traditional machining process for generating parts that require accuracy, have complex shapes, and are small in size. However, the use of EDM in Ni-based superalloys has some disadvantages like poor surface finish and low material removal rate. So, to alleviate these disadvantages, researchers introduced powder mixed dielectric fluid in the EDM process. Further, the performance of this technique has been enhanced by studying the effect of various nano/micro-size particles and their concentrations in the dielectric medium. In this paper, the authors have reviewed the impact of non-electrical and electrical process parameters on the output responses when machining Ni-based superalloys using powder mixed EDM. The challenges faced during the conventional machining of Ni-based superalloys and the mechanism proposed for powder mixed EDM, especially under the influence of suspended powders into the dielectric medium have also been presented in this paper. Finally, future research areas of powder mixed EDM of Ni-based Superalloys, such as (i) its modelling and simulation and (ii) the effect of tool motion and powder properties on its performance, are discussed in brief.
CRITICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE SEMI-INFINITE MIXED SPINS (7/2, 1/2) MODEL
Authors: SAADI H. , JALAL E. M. , EL ANTARI A. , HACHEM N. , MADANI M. , EL BOUZIANI M.
Published: June 2023

By the use of the Migdal–Kadanoff renormalization group technique and the mean field approximation, we have explored the critical behavior of the semi-infinite mixed spin-7/2 and spin-1/2 Blume–Capel model. As a function of the computation ratios (bulk-surface) R and Y, different phase diagrams in the bulk and on the surface are classified and determined in the (surface anisotropy, temperature) plane. We have found four types of phase diagrams characterized by ordinary, extraordinary, surface, and special phase transitions. The derivative of the free energy and the behavior of the bulk and surface magnetizations are plotted at very low temperatures proving the existence of first-order transitions for both the surface and bulk. We have also presented the related fixed points and the critical exponents manifesting several classes of universality at the surface. Otherwise, a comparison was made between the two methods as well as with previous studies.
Characterizing along- and across-fault fluid-flow properties for assessing flow rates and overburden fluid migration along faults: a case study from the North Sea
Authors: Bjørnarå Tore I. , Skurtveit Elin , Michie Emma A. H. , Smith Scott A.
Published: June 2023

Assessing fault zones as fluid-migration pathways requires the characterization of permeability both across and along faults, as well as the adjacent volume. The hydraulic properties of the Vette Fault Zone, North Sea, are described by modelling the mixing of host-rock lithologies into the fault zone, and the fault width is derived from empirical relationships as a function of throw and clay content. To better understand the sensitivity related to the uncertainties in overburden lithologies and fault-width correlations, a parametric study with 1125 model realizations were solved in a 2D steady-state, single-phase, subsurface flow model. The fault zone, included as a discrete permeable structure, significantly alters the flow field compared to a model that only considers lithological juxtaposition. The most prominent hydraulic communication in the Vette Fault Zone is downwards from the storage reservoir where sand is mixed into the fault zone. Increasing the host-rock permeability in the overburden also increases the fault permeability and shifts the inflection point for down-fault flow, causing the pressurized reservoir to drain towards the overburden and the top surface. For CO
2
storage application, the models highlighted the potential for downward communication along the fault for brine, and the CO
2
capillary sealing towards the overburden.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Fault and top seals 2022 collection available at:
www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/fault-and-top-seals-2022
Challenges and Opportunities of Biometric User Authentication in the Age of IoT: A Survey
Authors: Lien Chi-Wei , Vhaduri Sudip
Published: June 2023

While the Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as smartwatches, provide a range of services from managing financial transactions to monitoring smart homes, these devices often lead to gateways for malicious access to a user’s cyber-physical space. Biometric-based authentications are becoming popular to secure IoT devices and provide other services. However, when to use what type of biometrics remains challenging due to various factors, including sensing and computing requirements, user interaction requirements, stability over time, and application scenarios, among others. Unlike soft biometrics, e.g., gait, traditional biometrics, e.g., iris, are more stable over time but require active user input and robust sensing and computing, which limits their continuous adaptability to secure a user’s cyber-physical space. Additionally, the integration of new sensors to IoT devices brings opportunistic data types that can individually or in combination with other common biometrics to identify a user. There is a dearth of knowledge about the limitations and applications of new opportunistic biometrics and their combinations with existing biometrics obtained from single or multiple IoT-connected devices. Therefore, this article thoroughly discusses different biometrics that can be implemented on IoT devices to understand the potential of biometric authentications better.
Survey on Architectural Attacks: A Unified Classification and Attack Model
Authors: Ghasempouri Tara , Raik Jaan , Reinbrecht Cezar , Hamdioui Said , Taouil Mottaqiallah
Published: June 2023

According to the World Economic Forum, cyberattacks are considered as one of the most important sources of risk to companies and institutions worldwide. Attacks can target the network, software, and/or hardware. Over the years, much knowledge has been developed to understand and mitigate cyberattacks. However, new threats have appeared in recent years regarding software attacks that exploit hardware vulnerabilities. This article defines these attacks as architectural attacks. Today, both industry and academia have only limited comprehension of architectural attacks, which represents a critical issue for the design of future systems. To this end, this work proposes a new taxonomy, a new attack model, and a complete survey of existing architectural attacks. As a result, it provides the tools to understand architectural attacks in more depth and to start building improved designs and protection mechanisms.
Rapid thalamocortical network switching mediated by cortical synchronization underlies propofol-induced EEG signatures: a biophysical model
Authors: Soplata Austin E. , Adam Elie , Brown Emery N. , Purdon Patrick L. , McCarthy Michelle M. , Kopell Nancy
Published: June 2023

GABAergic anesthetics induce alpha/low-beta and slow oscillations in the EEG, which interact in dose-dependent ways. We constructed a thalamocortical model to investigate how these interdependent oscillations change with propofol dose. We find two dynamic states of thalamocortical coordination, which change on the timescale of seconds and dose-dependently mirror known changes in EEG. Thalamocortical feedback determines the oscillatory coupling and power seen in each state, and this is primarily driven by cortical synchrony and brain stem neuromodulation.
Changes of cortical gray matter volume during development: a Human Connectome Project study
Authors: Christova Peka , Georgopoulos Apostolos P.
Published: June 2023

We report mixed effects of age on cortical gray matter volume during development in a large sample of 649 participants studied in an identical manner (6–21 yr old, 299 males, 350 females). Volumes of 30/35 cortical areas decreased with age, temporal pole increased, and pericalcarine and hippocampal cortex (hippocampus, parahippocampal, and entorhinal) did not change. These findings were very similar in both sexes and provide a solid base for assessing region-specific cortical changes during development.
Iterative Algorithms with Variable Coefficients for Multivalued Generalized "Equation missing" -Hemicontractive Mappings without Generalized Lipschitz Assumption
Authors: Ge Ci-Shui
Published: June 2023

We introduce and study some new Ishikawa-type iterative algorithms with variable coefficients for multivalued generalized "Equation missing"-hemicontractive mappings. Several new fixed-point theorems for multivalued generalized "Equation missing"-hemicontractive mappings without generalized Lipschitz assumption are established in "Equation missing"-uniformly smooth real Banach spaces. A result for multivalued generalized "Equation missing"-hemicontractive mappings with bounded range is obtained in uniformly smooth real Banach spaces. As applications, several theorems for multivalued generalized "Equation missing"-hemiaccretive mapping equations are given.
The Effects of Quinoa and Amaranth Flour on the Qualitative Characteristics of Gluten-Free Cakes
Authors: Hamzehpour Razieh , Dastgerdi Asiye Ahmadi
Published: June 2023

The effect of pseudocereal flour such as quinoa and amaranth in different concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 30%) was investigated in gluten-free cake formulation. Cake containing amaranth and quinoa flour showed higher protein, fat, ash, and fiber content. A30 (30% amaranth) and Q30 (30% quinoa) had the highest values, and the control sample had the lowest values. The moisture content of the gluten-free cakes was not in the range of the Iranian standard. The sample containing 20% quinoa flour showed the highest specific volume (2.88±0.09 cm3/g) and the lowest hardness (259.33±10.09 g) (p<0.05).L∗value varied from 72.09 to 79, and the gluten-free cakes had a darker color. All the cakes containing quinoa and amaranth flour showed lowa∗andb∗values (p<0.05). Gluten-free cakes contain high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids) and minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc). The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the sample containing 10% of amaranth and quinoa flour obtained the highest taste, aroma, color, appearance, and overall acceptability score compared to other treatments. In conclusion, it is possible to produce gluten-free cakes with quinoa and amaranth flour with sensory and physicochemical properties similar to wheat cakes. The formulations containing 20% and 30% quinoa were the best.
Design and Performance Enhancement of a GaAs-Based Homojunction Solar Cell Using Ga0.5In0.5P as a Back Surface Field (BSF): A Simulation Approach
Authors: Kamdem Cedrik Fotcha , Ngoupo Ariel Teyou , Abega François Xavier Abomo , Abena Aimé Magloire Ntouga , Ndjaka Jean-Marie Bienvenu
Published: June 2023

The GaAs semiconductor is a solar energy promising material for photovoltaic applications due to its good optical and electronic properties. In this work, a homojunction GaAs solar cell with AlxGa1-xAs and GayIn1-yP solar energy materials as window and back surface field (BSF) layers, respectively, was simulated and investigated using SCAPS-1D software. The performance of the GaAs-based solar cell is evaluated for different proportions ofxandy, which allowed us to obtain the values of 0.8 and 0.5 forxandy, respectively, as the best values for high performance. We then continued the optimization by taking into account some parameters of the solar cell, such as thickness, doping, and bulk defect density of the p-GaAs base, n-GaAs emitter, and Ga0.5In0.5P BSF layer. Solar cell efficiency increases with emitter thickness, but the recombination phenomenon is more pronounced than that of electron-hole pair generation in the case of a thicker base. The effect of variation in the work function of the back contact has also been studied, and the best performance is for a platinum (Pt) electrode. The optimized GaAs-based solar cell achieves a power conversion efficiency of 35.44% (JSC=31.52 mA/cm2,VOC=1.26 V,FF=89.14%) and a temperature coefficient of -0.036%/°C. These simulation results provide insight into the various ways to improve the efficiency of GaAs-based solar cells.
Prevalence of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (Vitamin D) Deficiency in a Group of Infertile Women from Baghdad City
Authors: Majid Muthana Anad , Hassan Wafaa Nasser , Ridha Amna Fadhil
Published: June 2023

Background. Infertility is a common issue affecting a large number of Iraqi women of reproductive age. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and infertility has previously drawn the attention of gynecologists, and an increasing number of vitamin D testing has been requested. Methods. 120 women were enrolled in this study between April 2019 and April 2020. Patients were divided into two groups comprising sixty women complaining of infertility, with the other 60 women being fertile and enrolled as controls. All patients were assessed for vitamin D level. Results. In the fertile study group, patients with deficient, insufficient, and sufficient level of vitamin were 28%, 23%, and 48%, respectively (these numbers were rounded to the nearest whole digit, as the numbers for the infertile group were given with that level of precision), whereas the infertile study group showed a statistically significant (

p

value = 0.002) distribution of vitamin levels with 50%, 35%, and 15% of women being deficient, insufficient, and sufficient, respectively. Conclusions. Vitamin D is significantly deficient in infertile patients which suggests a possible, positive impact if vitamin D is considered in the management of female infertility. Further study with more participants is highly recommended.
Malachite Green Removal by Grape Stalks Biosorption from Natural Waters and Effluents
Authors: Lemos Eliana S. , Fiorentini Emiliano F. , Bonilla-Petriciolet Adrián , Escudero Leticia B.
Published: June 2023

The efficiency of the grape stalk as a biosorbent for the malachite green removal from natural waters and industrial effluents was investigated in this work. For the optimization of experimental variables, a central composite design was used, in which the effect of pH and biosorbent dose was evaluated on biosorption capacity and removal percentage. Optimal parameters of pH 5 and biosorbent dose of 0.80 g L-1 allowed a malachite green removal percentage of 87.7%. Data obtained from kinetic studies were fitted with the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum biosorption capacity was determined using the Langmuir equilibrium model, reaching a value of 214.2 mg g-1. The biosorption process was thermodynamically favorable and spontaneous at room temperature. The calculated value of biosorption enthalpy change indicated that the nature of the process was exothermic and physical. The biosorption process was applied in natural waters and industrial effluent samples, obtaining removal percentages up to 84.3%, which demonstrates the efficiency of grape stalks for the treatment of complex matrices.
HIV Late Presenters in Asia: Management and Public Health Challenges
Authors: Wong Chen Seong , Wei Lyu , Kim Yeon-Sook
Published: June 2023

Many individuals are diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at an advanced stage of illness and are considered late presenters. We define late presentation as a CD4 cell count below 350 cells/mm3 at the time of HIV diagnosis, or presenting with an AIDS-defining illness regardless of CD4 count. Across Asia, an estimated 34–72% of people diagnosed with HIV are late presenters. HIV late presenters generally have a higher disease burden and higher comorbidity such as opportunistic infections than those who are diagnosed earlier. They also have a higher mortality rate and generally exhibit poorer immune recovery following combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). As such, late HIV presentation leads to increased resource burden and costs to healthcare systems. HIV late presentation also poses an increased risk of community transmission since the transmission rate from people unaware of their HIV status is approximately 3.5 times higher than that of early presenters. There are several factors which contribute to HIV late presentation. Fear of stigmatisation and discrimination are significant barriers to both testing and accessing treatment. A lack of perceived risk and a lack of knowledge by individuals also contribute to late presentation. Lack of referral for testing by healthcare providers is another identified barrier in China and may extend to other regions across Asia. Effective strategies are still needed to reduce the incidence of late presentation across Asia. Key areas of focus should be increasing community awareness of the risk of HIV, reducing stigma and discrimination in testing, and educating healthcare professionals on the need for early testing and on the most effective ways to engage with people living with HIV. Recent initiatives such as intensified patient adherence support programs and HIV self-testing also have the potential to improve access to testing and reduce late diagnosis.
Supplementary Table 2 from Folate Intake and Ovarian Cancer Risk among Women with Endometriosis: A Case–Control Study from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium
Authors: Gersekowski Kate , Ibiebele Torukiri I , Doherty Jennifer A. , Harris Holly R. , Goodman Marc T. , Terry Kathryn L. , Wu Anna H. , Bandera Elisa V. , Qin Bo , Ong Jue-Sheng , Tyrer Jonathan P. , Dixon-Suen Suzanne C. , Modugno Francesmary , Risch Harvey A , Webb Penelope M.
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 2 shows the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) used as instruments for folate level in the Mendelian randomization analysis.
Data from Folate intake and ovarian cancer risk among women with endometriosis: a case-control study from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium
Authors: Gersekowski Kate , Ibiebele Torukiri I. , Doherty Jennifer A. , Harris Holly R. , Goodman Marc T. , Terry Kathryn L. , Wu Anna H. , Bandera Elisa V. , Qin Bo , Ong Jue-Sheng , Tyrer Jonathan P. , Dixon-Suen Suzanne C. , Modugno Francesmary , Risch Harvey A. , Webb Penelope M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
While folate intake has not been associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer overall, studies of other cancer types have suggested that high folate intake may promote carcinogenesis in pre-cancerous lesions. Women with endometriosis (a potential pre-cancerous lesion) have an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer; however, whether high folate intake increases risk in this group is unknown.
Methods
We conducted a pooled analysis of six case-control studies from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium to investigate the association between folate intake and risk of ovarian cancer among women with and without self-reported endometriosis. We included 570 cases/558 controls with and 5,171/7,559 without endometriosis. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for the association between folate intake (dietary, supplemental, total) and ovarian cancer risk. Finally, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate our results using genetic markers as a proxy for folate status.
Results
Higher dietary folate intake was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer for women with endometriosis (OR 1.37[1.01-1.86]) but not for women without endometriosis. There was no association between supplemental folate intake and ovarian cancer risk for women with or without endometriosis. A similar pattern was seen using MR.
Conclusions
High dietary folate intake may be associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer among women with endometriosis.
Impact
Women with endometriosis with high folate diets may be at increased risk of ovarian cancer. Further research is needed on the potential cancer-promoting effects of folate in this group.
Data from Folate Intake and Ovarian Cancer Risk among Women with Endometriosis: A Case–Control Study from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium
Authors: Gersekowski Kate , Ibiebele Torukiri I , Doherty Jennifer A. , Harris Holly R. , Goodman Marc T. , Terry Kathryn L. , Wu Anna H. , Bandera Elisa V. , Qin Bo , Ong Jue-Sheng , Tyrer Jonathan P. , Dixon-Suen Suzanne C. , Modugno Francesmary , Risch Harvey A , Webb Penelope M.
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:
Although folate intake has not been associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer overall, studies of other cancer types have suggested that high folate intake may promote carcinogenesis in precancerous lesions. Women with endometriosis (a potential precancerous lesion) have an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer; however, whether high folate intake increases risk in this group is unknown.
Methods:
We conducted a pooled analysis of six case–control studies from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium to investigate the association between folate intake and risk of ovarian cancer among women with and without self-reported endometriosis. We included 570 cases/558 controls with and 5,171/7,559 without endometriosis. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for the association between folate intake (dietary, supplemental, and total) and ovarian cancer risk. Finally, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate our results using genetic markers as a proxy for folate status.
Results:
Higher dietary folate intake was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer for women with endometriosis [OR, 1.37 (1.01–1.86)] but not for women without endometriosis. There was no association between supplemental folate intake and ovarian cancer risk for women with or without endometriosis. A similar pattern was seen using MR.
Conclusions:
High dietary folate intake may be associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer among women with endometriosis.
Impact:
Women with endometriosis with high folate diets may be at increased risk of ovarian cancer. Further research is needed on the potential cancer-promoting effects of folate in this group.
Fig. S7 from Absence of Either Ripk3 or Mlkl Reduces Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Independent of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Mohammed Sabira , Thadathil Nidheesh , Ohene-Marfo Phoebe , Tran Albert L. , Van Der Veldt Michael , Georgescu Constantin , Oh Sangphil , Nicklas Evan H. , Wang Dawei , Haritha Nair Hariprasad , Luo Wenyi , Janknecht Ralf , Miller Benjamin F. , Wren Jonathan D. , Freeman Willard M. , Deepa Sathyaseelan S.
Published: June 2023

Figure S7 shows western blots for p-AKT/AKT, p-S6/S6, b tubulin, p-ERK/ERK, P-p-38/p-38, b catenin, p62 and b tubulin
Supplementary Table 12 from Associations between Physical Activity and Incidence of Cancer among Overweight Adults in Korea: Results from the Health Examinees-G Study
Authors: Choi Jaesung , Park JooYong , Kim Ji-Eun , Lee Miyoung , Kang Daehee , Shin Aesun , Choi Ji-Yeob
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 12 shows the association of physical activity with lung cancer incidence stratified by obesity status
Data from Associations between Physical Activity and Incidence of Cancer among Overweight Adults in Korea: Results from the Health Examinees-G Study
Authors: Choi Jaesung , Park JooYong , Kim Ji-Eun , Lee Miyoung , Kang Daehee , Shin Aesun , Choi Ji-Yeob
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Although the protective effects of physical activity against several cancers are well established, evidence is inconsistent concerning Asian populations. Therefore, we assessed the association between the characteristics of physical activity and overall and type-specific cancer incidence in Koreans and examined the differences in association according to obesity status. Using prospective data from 112,108 participants in the Health Examinees study-G from 2004 to 2013, we evaluated the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and the incidence of overall and type-specific cancers using the Cox proportional hazards model. Self-reported LTPA participation, duration per week, intensity, type, and diversity were assessed. The incidence of overall and type-specific cancers, including colorectal, gastric, lung, breast, and prostate cancer and 13 obesity-related cancers, was identified using the Korea Central Cancer Registry from 1999 to 2018. Analyses were also stratified according to obesity status. In overweight males, participation in vigorous LTPA [HR, 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72–0.97] and walking (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.98) were associated with a lower risk of cancer overall. Regarding cancer types, climbing was marginally associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in overweight males (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.37–1.00). In normal-weight females, although there was an increased risk in those performing recreational activities, this risk was attenuated when those diagnosed with thyroid cancer were excluded. In the analysis for 13 obesity-related cancers, consistent associations were found. These findings suggest the need for greater public awareness regarding physical activity among overweight individuals within the Asian population.
Prevention Relevance:
Overall cancer risk is associated with leisure-time physical activity such as duration, intensity, type, and diversity in overweight males, but not in the general population. The decreased risk was most noticeable for colorectal cancer. Our results suggest that physical activity may reduce the risk of cancer among overweight Asian males.
Supplementary Table S5 from Mitophagy Promotes Resistance to BH3 Mimetics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Glytsou Christina , Chen Xufeng , Zacharioudakis Emmanouil , Al-Santli Wafa , Zhou Hua , Nadorp Bettina , Lee Soobeom , Lasry Audrey , Sun Zhengxi , Papaioannou Dimitrios , Cammer Michael , Wang Kun , Zal Tomasz , Zal Malgorzata Anna , Carter Bing Z. , Ishizawa Jo , Tibes Raoul , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Andreeff Michael , Gavathiotis Evripidis , Aifantis Iannis
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table S5 shows sgRNA, primers, shRNA sequences used in this study.
Supplementary Table S3 from Mitophagy Promotes Resistance to BH3 Mimetics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Glytsou Christina , Chen Xufeng , Zacharioudakis Emmanouil , Al-Santli Wafa , Zhou Hua , Nadorp Bettina , Lee Soobeom , Lasry Audrey , Sun Zhengxi , Papaioannou Dimitrios , Cammer Michael , Wang Kun , Zal Tomasz , Zal Malgorzata Anna , Carter Bing Z. , Ishizawa Jo , Tibes Raoul , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Andreeff Michael , Gavathiotis Evripidis , Aifantis Iannis
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table S3 shows the information of the AML patient samples used in this study.
Data from Mitophagy Promotes Resistance to BH3 Mimetics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Glytsou Christina , Chen Xufeng , Zacharioudakis Emmanouil , Al-Santli Wafa , Zhou Hua , Nadorp Bettina , Lee Soobeom , Lasry Audrey , Sun Zhengxi , Papaioannou Dimitrios , Cammer Michael , Wang Kun , Zal Tomasz , Zal Malgorzata Anna , Carter Bing Z. , Ishizawa Jo , Tibes Raoul , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Andreeff Michael , Gavathiotis Evripidis , Aifantis Iannis
Published: June 2023

Abstract
BH3 mimetics are used as an efficient strategy to induce cell death in several blood malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Venetoclax, a potent BCL-2 antagonist, is used clinically in combination with hypomethylating agents for the treatment of AML. Moreover, MCL1 or dual BCL-2/BCL-xL antagonists are under investigation. Yet, resistance to single or combinatorial BH3-mimetic therapies eventually ensues. Integration of multiple genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens revealed that loss of mitophagy modulators sensitizes AML cells to various BH3 mimetics targeting different BCL-2 family members. One such regulator is MFN2, whose protein levels positively correlate with drug resistance in patients with AML. MFN2 overexpression is sufficient to drive resistance to BH3 mimetics in AML. Insensitivity to BH3 mimetics is accompanied by enhanced mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum interactions and augmented mitophagy flux, which acts as a prosurvival mechanism to eliminate mitochondrial damage. Genetic or pharmacologic MFN2 targeting synergizes with BH3 mimetics by impairing mitochondrial clearance and enhancing apoptosis in AML.
Significance:
AML remains one of the most difficult-to-treat blood cancers. BH3 mimetics represent a promising therapeutic approach to eliminate AML blasts by activating the apoptotic pathway. Enhanced mitochondrial clearance drives resistance to BH3 mimetics and predicts poor prognosis. Reverting excessive mitophagy can halt BH3-mimetic resistance in AML.
An MYC-Driven Vicious Circuit Is a Targetable Achilles’ Heel in Lymphoma
Authors: Wilson Erica B. , Klein Ulf
Published: June 2023

In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Nakanishi et al. uncover a critical role for the elevated activity of the translation initiation factor eIF5A in the malignant growth of MYC-driven lymphoma. eIF5A is posttranslationally modified by hypusination through MYC oncoprotein-mediated hyperactivation of the polyamine–hypusine circuit, which may represent a promising therapeutic target because an enzyme of this circuit that is required for hypusinating eIF5A proved to be essential for lymphoma development.

See related article by Nakanishi et al., p. 294 (4).