bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiences participating in federal nutrition assistance programs during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods study in Vermont
Authors: Spence Emma H. , Niles Meredith T. , Bertmann Farryl , Belarmino Emily H.
Published: June 2022

Background
Federal nutrition assistance programs serve as safety nets for many American households, and participation has been linked to increased food security and, in some instances, improved diet quality and mental health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic brought new and increased economic, social, and psychological challenges, necessitating inquiry into how nutrition assistance programs are functioning and associated public health outcomes.
Methods
Using data from a representative statewide survey administered in Vermont (n = 600) during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, we examine participant experiences with the 3 major federal nutrition assistance programs: the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and school meal programs. We explore quantitative and qualitative responses regarding perceptions of program utility, and use nearest neighbors matching analyses in combination with bivariate statistical tests to assess associations between program participation and food insecurity, perceived stress, and fruit and vegetable intake as indicators of dietary quality.
Results
One in four respondents (27.3%) used at least one federal nutrition assistance program. As compared to non-participants, we find higher rates of food insecurity among program participants (57.5% vs. 18.1%; p < .001), an association that persists even when we compare similar households using matching techniques (p ≤ .001). From matched analyses, we find that, compared to low-income non-participants, low-income program participants are less likely to meet fruit intake recommendations (p = 0.048) and that low-income SNAP and WIC participants are less likely to meet vegetable intake recommendations (p = 0.035). We also find lower rates of perceived stress among low-income school meal participant households compared to low-income nonparticipants (p = 0.039). Despite these mixed outcomes, participants broadly valued federal nutrition assistance programs, characterizing them as helpful or easy to use.
Conclusions
We find that federal nutrition assistance programs as a group were not sufficient to address food insecurity and stress or increase fruit and vegetable intake in the state of Vermont during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, participants perceived benefits from participation in these programs. Optimizing the utility of nutrition assistance programs depends on critical examination of their functioning under conditions of great stress.
Association of Heart Rate with Left Ventricular and Left Atrial Functions in Hypertensive Patients with Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (A Speckle Tracking Study)
Authors: Emre Ender , Özderya Ahmet , Hancı Kaan , Turan Turhan , Tezen Ozan , Kalaycıoğlu Ezgi , Çetin Mustafa
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The structure and functions of the left heart cavities have important prognostic value in heart diseases and heart rate control is among the important treatment goals. In this study, we investigated the effects of heart rate on left heart structure and functions in hypertension patients with normal left ventricular systolic function.
Method
One-hundred-fifty-three patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their heart rate(70 beats/min and below and above 70 beats/min). Left ventricular and atrial strain analyses were performed in echocardiographic evaluation.
Results
Patients with a resting heart rate of 70 or less were named group-1(64.2±19), patients with a resting heart rate above 70 were named group-2(79.1±6.8). Left atrial max volüm (60.8±15.5 vs 52.9±16.3 p:0.007), left atrial min volüm(28.8±9.5 vs 22.6±7.9 p < 0.001), left atrial emptying fraction%(52.8±8.5 vs 56.1±8.5 p:0.035), left atrial expansion index (1.19±0.44 vs 1.36±0.47 p:0.044), GLSReLA(-1.3±0.38 vs -1.5±0.61 p:0.031), GLS(-19.3±3 vs. -18.2±2.7 p:0.07) showed difference between group-1 and group-2, respectively. In the multivariable regression analysis, beta-bloker(OR:0.291, 95% CI 0.105–0.810, p:0.018), mean high diastolic blood pressure(OR:1.054, 95% CI 1.009–1.101, p:0.018), left atrial min volume( OR:0.870, 95% Cl 0.809–0.938, p < 0.001), Sm(OR:10.6, 95% CI 1.1–104, p:0.041), left atrial expansion index(OR:0.870, 95% CI 0.809–0.930, p < 0.033) were determined as independent predictors of high resting heart rate.
Conclusions
Heart rate control emerges as an important goal in patients with hypertension and preserved left ventricular systolic function. Mortality and morbidity can also be improved by the positive effect of heart rate control on GLS.
Hypoxic pretreatment ADSCs exosome treatment promote spinal cord repair after spinal cord injury by delivery circ-Astn1 and activation microglia autophagy
Authors: Shao Minghao , Jin Mingming , Zhu Wei , Ma Xiaosheng , Lv Feizhou
Published: June 2022

Background: Exosome (Exo) secretion by hypoxic pretreatment adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) promotes spinal cord repair after spinal cord injury (SCI). But the mechanism remains unclear. Methods: High-throughput sequencing was used to investigate abnormal expression of circRNA in hypoxic pretreatment ADSCs exosome (HExo) and ADSCs exosome (Exo). The abnormal expression of mRNA in spinal cord tissues after Exo or HExo treatment were also analysis using high-throughput sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporting analysis were used to clarify the interacted relationship among circRNA, miRNA and mRNA. BV2 cells were employ to analysis the apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines expression under OGD condition by using immunofluorescence, ELISA detection. SCI mice model were constructed and the therapeutic effect of Exo were detected using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence. Results: The result show that HExo have more therapeutic effect on spinal cord repair after SCI by activation of autophagy. High-throughput sequencing detection show that circ-Astn1 play a role in HExo mediated spinal cord repair after SCI. Downregulation circ-Astn1 decreased the therapeutic effect of HExo to spinal cord repair after SCI. The study also found that Atg7 play a role in HExo mediated spinal cord repair after SCI. Luciferase reporting analysis confirmed that both miR-138-5p and Atg7 were downstream targets of circ-Astn1. Downregulation of Atg7 or overexpression of miR-138-5p reversed the protective effect of circ-Astn1 to BV2 after exposure to OGD condition. Upregulation circ-Astn1 increased the therapeutic effect of Exo to spinal cord repair after SCI by activation autophagy. Conclusions: In conclusion, ADSC-Exos containing circ-Astn1 promotes spinal cord repair after SCI by targeting miR-138-5p/Atg7 pathway mediated autophagy.
HER3/CYLD axis mediates ovarian cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy via upregulation of ABCB1
Authors: Zhang Ye , Qiu Jian-Ge , Jia Xiao-Yu , Wang Wei , Liu Wen-Jing , Ding Chen , Liu Ling-Zhi , Wang Lin , Jiang Bing-Hua
Published: June 2022

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most pathogenic gynecological malignant tumor in the world. Due to the difficulty of early diagnosis, most of patients developed chemo-resistance and recurrence during/after the chemotherapy. Cylindromatosis (CYLD) is one member of lysine 63 deubiquitinases, and the regulatory mechanism of CYLD in mediating cisplatin (DDP) resistance need to be elucidated.Methods: Database analysis indicated that CYLD was associated with tumor development and prognosis; Patient tumor samples and clinicopathological characteristics were used to study the clinical significance of CYLD. Molecular biological methods were used to verify the function of CYLD in chemo-resistance with the parental and drug resistant cell lines (A2780/ A2780-DDP, OVCAR3/OVCAR3-DDP). Then flow cytometry analysis, co-IP and ChIP analysis were conducted to identify the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of CYLD; The drug combination method was used to investigate the drug synergistic effect of cisplatin combination with ABCB1 inhibitor or HER3 inhibitor. Animal models were further used to verify the role of CYLD in cancer chemo-resistance.Results: The expression levels of CYLD were downregulated in pan-cancer, especially in ovarian cancer, leading to acceleration of tumor progression and cisplatin resistance. CYLD knockdown in the parental cells was sufficient to induce DDP resistance through inhibiting cell apoptosis and promoting the drug efflux via inducing the expression of ABCB1. HER3 expression levels were much higher in the resistant cells, and HER3 was the upstream mediator for CYLD suppression through STAT3 signaling. Moreover, overexpression of CYLD in the resistant cells was sufficient to promote sensitivity to platinum-based treatment both in vitro and in vivo. ABCB1 was a functional downstream target of CYLD to regulate tumor growth and drug resistance both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions: In this study, the results demonstrated that higher HER3 expression rendered CYLD suppression, consequently, increased cisplatin resistance and induced poor prognosis by inhibiting cell apoptosis and promoting the drug efflux in OC. Our findings showed that HER3/CYLD/ABCB1 is a new signaling pathway to regulate tumor growth and DDP resistance, which are potential new therapeutic targets to overcome DDP resistance.
An empirical evaluation to determine the effects of Object-orientation on the Procrustes Shape
Authors: Parthiban Mylswamy , Mahendiran Mylswamy , Chitra Sundaram , Lourdusamy Robert , Abdul Azeez Parappurath
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, clear digital images of wild flora and fauna are readily available because of which the research communities are showing interest in in-situ measurements. However, object orientation is the primary constraint in estimating size and shape. It is often sighted in fossil specimens or natural history collections that produce shape deformation and distortions from their actual size and shape. We conducted an empirical evaluation with Cardboard Model Fishes to determine the shape variations due to digitization error and object orientation. Our results show that (a) Object-orientation creates Procrustes shape variations and (b) Generalized Procrustes Superimposition (using least square fit) reduces non-shape variations and the issues of Object-orientation. In the Procrustes Generalized Least Square optimization method, the variance gets distributed across landmarks that minimize the differences due to Object-orientation up to ≤ 20° away from the image plane. These minor corrections by the Procrustes method assume significance that aids in defining filter criteria for the profitable usage of digital images with Object-orientation issues taken under field conditions and in the augmentation of digital images in Machine Learning. Our results show that transfer learning (in silico) is more efficient than Procrustes detecting subtle shape variations. Our evaluation would encourage others to derive the maximum benefits of digital images acquired from Webcam, Digital cameras, Camera traps, Unmanned Vehicles, and broader applications in e-commerce platforms.
Remanufacturing Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules – a Holistic Case Study
Authors: Bogachuk Dmitry , Windt Peter van der , Wagner Lukas , Martineau David , Narbey Stephanie , Verma Anand , Lim Jaekeun , Zouhair Salma , Kohlstädt Markus , Hinsch Andreas , Stranks Samuel , Würfel Uli , Glunz Stefan
Published: June 2022

While perovskite photovoltaic (PV) devices are on the verge of their commercialization, promising methods to recycle or remanufacture fully-encapsulated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and modules are still missing. Through detailed life-cycle assessment shown in this work, we identify that the majority of the greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by re-using the glass substrate and parts of the PV cells. Based on these analytical findings, we develop a novel thermally-assisted mechanochemical approach to remove the encapsulants, the electrode and the perovskite absorber, allowing to re-use most of the device constituents for remanufacturing PSCs, which recovered nearly 90% of their initial performance. This remanufacturing strategy allows to save up to 33% of the module’s global warming potential. Finally, we demonstrate that the CO2-footprint of these remanufactured devices can become less than 30g/kWh, which is the value for state-of-the-art c-Si PV modules and can even reach 15g/kWh assuming a similar lifetime
Online Learning in Medical Education: What Does the Evidence Show?
Authors: Crabtree James , Alazemi Asmaa , Howie Ellen , Alotaibi Nora , Ishak Nurul , Daly Tara
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Educational institutions, including postgraduate medical education and medical schools, are increasingly utilising online learning to aid the delivery of their curricula. The purpose of this research is to investigate articles that discuss the effectiveness and perceptions of online learning in medical education.Methods: PubMed, ERIC and Google Scholar were used as search tools in this literature review. Filter limitations including articles published from 2011 onwards and English language only were applied.Results: A total of 1281 articles were retrieved. After duplicates were removed and exclusions applied, 17 articles were selected for detailed analysis. Multiple studies supported that online learning is an effective learning tool in medical education and helps to supplement traditional face-to-face teaching.Conclusion: The most successful learning resources implemented by medical schools both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were virtual patient simulations, instructional videos and telehealth platforms. This paper also outlines a number of limitations and knowledge gaps that must be addressed so that the unique needs of medical students can be met and online learning can be considered a suitable substitute for traditional methods.
Overexpression of NCAPG in ovarian cancer is associated with ovarian cancer proliferation and apoptosis via p38 MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Haiting , Zou Dan , Ni Na , Zhang Suxian , Zhang Qin , Yang Lihua
Published: June 2022

Background
Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G (NCAPG), a member of the subunit of condensin complex, is significantly overexpressed in various cancers and involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. However, the roles of NCAPG in ovarian cancer remain unclear.
Methods
The mRNA expression, overall survival and disease-free survival of NCAPG in ovarian cancer was analysed by GEPIA and KM plotter database, the expression levels of NCAPG in OC tissues and cell lines were determined by qPCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. ShRNA targeting NCAPG gene (sh-NCAPG) was utilized to knockdown NCAPG expression in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells. Subsequently, CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, transwell invasion assay and flow cytometric analysis were performed to detect the effect of NCAPG on OC cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. Finally, Western blot assays were performed to detect the the mechanism of NCAPG in ovarian cancer.
Results
Analysis using GEPIA and KM plotter database showed NCAPG was upregulated in ovarian cancer and negatively associated with the survival of OC patients. qPCR and immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed it was highly expressed in both ovarian cancer tissues and cells. The silencing of NCAPG inhibited OC cell proliferation, invasion and induced cell apoptosis. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis revealed that NCAPG knockdown arrested the cell cycle at G2 and S phase. Furthermore, we also found that downregulation of NCAPG could suppress OC cell proliferation and invasion via activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that NCAPG exhibits an important role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer and implicates NCAPG as a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
Clinical and genetic analyses and treatment outcomes of patients with lateralized overgrowth
Authors: Kim Yoon-Myung , Lee Yena , Choi Yunha , Choi In-Hee , Heo Sun Hee , Choi Jung Min , Do Hyo-Sang , Jang Ja-Hyun , Yum Mi-Sun , Yoo Han-Wook , Lee Beom Hee
Published: June 2022

Background: The genetic features and treatment strategies of lateralized overgrowth have been elusive. We performed this study to analyze the genetic characteristics and treatment results of propranolol- or alpelisib-treated patients with lateralized overgrowth. Methods: Fifteen patients with lateralized overgrowth were involved. Clinical characteristics and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) findings were evaluated. Targeted exome sequencing with a gene panel of affected tissue and peripheral white blood cells was performed. Propranolol was administered and treatment results were evaluated. The PIK3CA inhibitor alpelisib was prescribed via a managed access program. Results: The identified mutations were PIK3CA (n=7), KRAS (n=2), PTEN (n=1), MAP2K3 (n=1), GNAQ (n=1), TBC1D4 (n=1), and TEK (n=1). Propranolol was prescribed in 12 patients, and 7 experienced mild improvement of symptoms. Alpelisib was prescribed in two patients with a PIK3CA mutation, and the reduction of proliferated masses after 1 year of treatment was proved by WB-MRI . Conclusions: Targeted exome sequencing identified various genetic features of lateralized overgrowth. Propranolol could be applied as an adjuvant therapy for reducing vascular symptoms, but a PIK3CA inhibitor would be the primary therapeutic strategy for PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome.
Cellular Damage after Prolonged Low-dose Exposure of Neonicotinoid in Rats
Authors: Naseer Rahat , Tariq Affan , Mirza Munazza Raza , Rashid Muhammad , Raza Qasim , Rajput Sajid Ali
Published: June 2022

Background; Dinotefuran is a new class of neonicotinoids claimed to be harmless to mammals and humans. This claim was daunted by the documented effect of dinotefuran on honeybees and further studies were required. Aim: The study was designed to assess the capaciousness of damage caused by prolonged exposure of dinotefuran in mammals and probable strategy to neutralize its effect. Methodology: Ninety-day trial using Wistar rats (n=45) was conducted while dividing them into three groups: untreated control group, insecticide (dinotefuran) treated group, and dinotefuran treated and vitamin E supplemented group. Dinotefuran was administrated orally (LD25). Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) supplementation was given in water ad libitum. Blood sampling was done twice a month, and hematological and biochemical data were recorded. After expiry of trial period, the experimental rats were anesthetized and sacrificed. Organs (kidneys, liver, and heart) were isolated from each groups, weighed, and stored at approximately -20°C till further processing, analysis and histopathology were performed. Results: All the hematological parameters were affected significantly. Histopathology of tissues showed clear necrosis in all the tissues except kidneys. All the biomarkers of oxidative stress and comet assay demonstrated significant cell damage. All the parameters showed improvement after vitamin E supplementation but non-significantly. Significance: These findings were suggestive that even low dose persistent exposure can lead to mutagenicity and carcinogenicity in mammals and other non-target species hence revised policy guidelines and more intelligent use of these chemicals is required.
Petugas/Pejabat Pelindungan Data Pribadi dalam Ekosistem Perlindungan Data Pribadi: Indonesia, Uni Eropa dan Singapura
Authors: Yuniarti Siti
Published: June 2022

Personal data protection regulations have been adopted by 137 countries until the beginning of 2022. In addition to creating a data protection agency, personal data protection regulations have also created new professionalism, namely personal data protection officers. The main role of the data protection officer is to ensure compliance with personal data protection regulations placing the function of a data protection officer as an important factor in the personal data protection ecosystem. It raises the question of how the role of data protection officers in the personal data protection ecosystem when it is analyzed from the attributes attached to the profession. Therefore, using the normative juridical research method, this paper attempts to describe the role of the data protection officer in the personal data protection ecosystem by analyzing the attributes attached to the profession through a comparison of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union, Personal Data Protection Act Singapore and the draft of personal data regulation in Indonesia. This paper concluded that the existence of a data protection officer is part of the data protection regulation, whether it appears as an obligation or in terms of certain conditions. Independency of the data protection officer and organizational support is essential to optimize the data protection officer’s role which has been adopted on GDPR. It also noticed the presence of data protection officers as a service to fulfill the needs of data protection officers by organizations. Further research regarding the attribute of data protection officers as studied in this paper is needed since the Indonesia personal data protection bill will impact many sectors, both private and public sectors.
Understanding the Drivers’ Factors for Choosing an Accounting Student’s Career as A Professional Accountant
Authors: Marsintauli Frihardina , Situmorang Roni Patar , Suminar Susi Ratna
Published: June 2022

A career is a person's main goal in obtaining education in the field of interest. Students who choose an accounting major certainly want to have a career related to accounting. However, a student's choice of major may not be following the career he is involved in. This research examines the effect of intrinsic value, career prospects, labor market considerations, work environment, financial rewards, and individuals on the career selection of accounting students as a public accounting profession. The object of this research is undergraduate accounting students at Binus Online Learning. The sampling technique used is the Slovin technique, with a total sample of 171 respondents. Data collection techniques were taken by distributing questionnaires using Google Form Link and distributed through electronic media. The analytical method used is Multiple Linear Regression analysis with the SPSS analysis tool. The result showed that the variables of intrinsic value, career prospects, labor market considerations, work environment, financial rewards, and individuals have a significant effect on the career choices of accounting students to become public accounting profession. With the low attractiveness of the public accounting profession among accounting students themselves, public accounting professional organizations and academics can recommend encouraging students to take the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) exam, namely supporting, and helping students who really intend to have a career as public accountants and encourage them not to change their career choices. The results of this study are input to the university that it is necessary to introduce the accounting profession, students who hear and follow the development of accounting science in the form of seminars or share knowledge from lecturers will provide an overview and motivation for students to choose a career as an accountant
Developing "EMBER": A Fantasy Puzzle Adventure Game with An Approach to Agile by Applying Game-Scrum Methodology
Authors: Jondya Aisha Gemala , Anwar Hisyam Izuddin , Hermawan Muhammad Rifky , Deru Tobia Azaria
Published: June 2022

Digital games development process is often done using traditional methods. Many digital game developers believe that the game development process cannot be equated and use other software development methods because game development is not only focused on technical processes such as programming and coding but also creative processes such as asset and display design. In this study, the process of developing a fantasy adventure puzzle game was carried out using the Game-Scrum approach, a method modified from the Agile Scrum method. As well as the software development process using the agile method, game development using this method is carried out with an iterative process where each process allows an update of the feedback given to each sprint backlog. At the end of the study it was concluded that although there were still some things that had to be adjusted, basically the Game Scrum method could be adapted for the development of a digital game.
Pemantauan Proyek Dengan Aplikasi Project Management Menggunakan Laravel
Authors: Gayatri Nyoman Ayu Gita , Soeksmono Satrio Ramadhan , Yudanegara Derick , Lorenzo Kevin
Published: June 2022

The Internal Division (IT) is a unit that has responsibility for project work and also its completion, the projects handled by the Internal Division (IT) are numerous and also have various specifications. For now, the coordination process is still being carried out using Group Chat on Skype, Whatsapp, and Google Meet so that many obstacles or problems are encountered. Based on the results of interviews with the Head Department in the internal division (IT) there are problems in monitoring the project, project work, project file storage locations, communication media between project teams, project management. The purpose and benefits of the research are to provide convenience for the IT division in conducting the process of managing and monitoring the ongoing project, providing project management services within the organization that can be connected between individuals for project management. Needs analysis was carried out using data collection methods in the form of observations and interviews. The methodology used is Waterfall. The Waterfall development methodology is a development model that flows from the first phase to the last. The problem is that project and progress monitoring is carried out through Skype and Whatsapp social media so that there are many group chats that are less effective in working on a project due to lack of information about the project that is being worked on or the project to be worked on (the status of the project). The final result produces a Project Management Application that is used to manage all projects carried out in the IT Division and is able to handle the problems at hand. The scope of the resulting application monitors the progress of the project; has a forum feature as a medium of communication between project teams; provide a place to store files related to the project being worked on; Equipped with a time schedule feature for project work.
Cultural Approach as a Modeling Tool of Education Environment in Pre-School Educational Organizations
Authors: Shmireva Natalia , Lopatkin Grigory , Zavrazina Karina
Published: June 2022

The article features the cultural approach as a tool for building up integral education environment. It systematizes various culturological approaches as a multidimensional phenomenon based on certain value universals. The culturological approach acts as an important, essential, and multifaceted modeling tool that provides effective solutions. Education environment of a preschool educational organization should be value-based. The article introduces a model for mastering cultural universals by preschoolers in preschool education environment. Cultural approach is a tool for modeling education environment. It is a method for developing cultural, material, and spiritual values by immersing the children into the cultural space and adapting them to the technical, informational, didactic, and aesthetic resources of the pre-school organization. The content of the model components in a systemic construction should be based on the ideological relationship between various values. The authors believe that the culturological approach is an effective tool for organizing the cultural environment of an educational organization that ensures the development of values and personality.
Arqueología de la microcuenca El Congo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Authors: Vargas Ruiz Juan Carlos , Londoño Díaz Wilhelm , Soto Rodríguez Miguel
Published: June 2022

Arqueología de la microcuenca El Congo presenta los resultados preliminares del reconocimiento arqueológico conducido en 20 km2 de dicha microcuenca, en la parte occidental de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, en el departamento del Magdalena. Los autores presentan la información de base que incluye el inventario de más de 140 sitios arqueológicos registrados durante la fase de campo, pertenecientes a los periodos Neguanje (400 d. C. a 1100-1200 d. C.) y Tairona (1100-1200 d. C. a 1600 d. C.). Este reconocimiento permitió establecer la variabilidad de los tipos de asentamientos tanto a escala como en la distribución en el paisaje, que indica la existencia de lugares centrales, como también la diversidad en las funciones que los distintos asentamientos pudieron cumplir en el pasado. También se plantea una discusión sobre tópicos como la metodología de reconocimiento, la producción agrícola, la especialización artesanal cerámica, el ceremonialismo y la guerra, temas clásicos de investigación en la arqueología, de esta importante región arqueológica.
Prácticas de anatomía con enfoque odontológico
Authors: Castañeda Mercado Rosemary , Castañeda Mercado Osiris
Published: June 2022

La anatomía es la ciencia que estudia las estructuras del cuerpo humano mediante numerosas técnicas. Entre ellas, la exploración de órganos cumple un papel fundamental en el aprendizaje de la disciplina. El presente texto tiene como propósito servir de guía al estudiante de ciencias de salud, en especial al odontólogo en formación, ofreciéndole una visión actualizada de la anatomía de la cabeza y del cuello. Mediante las experiencias de laboratorio propuestas, se pretende que el estudiante afiance los conocimientos adquiridos en la fase teórica, al tiempo que los aplica a su área disciplinar. Se hace imprescindible considerar que la anatomía debe orientarse aplicada a la práctica clínica. Por ende, la obra contiene diez guías de laboratorio, las cuales se encuentran orientadas de acuerdo con las competencias sugeridas por la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Odontología. Estas siguen una secuencia sistemática donde el trabajo autónomo del estudiante es primordial, apoyado en imágenes de estructuras y diagnósticas realizadas por las autoras, ubicadas de manera intercalada en el texto para su identificación. Además, se encuentran lecturas sugeridas a lo largo del texto que le permiten al lector tener las bases para desarrollar cada uno de los puntos de relación y aplicación clínica que se encuentran al finalizar cada guía. Por último, se presentan las normas generales de bioseguridad requeridas en el laboratorio de anatomía, útiles tanto para los estudiantes y docentes como para el personal de apoyo.
Hypothyroidism and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Gluvic Zoran M. , Zafirovic Sonja S. , Obradovic Milan M. , Sudar-Milovanovic Emina M. , Rizzo Manfredi , Isenovic Esma R.
Published: June 2022

Thyroid hormones (TH) have a significant impact on cellular oxidative metabolism. Besides that,
they maintain vascular homeostasis by positive effects on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Subclinical
(SCH) and clinical (CH) hypothyroidism influences target organs by changing their morphology and
function and impaired blood and oxygen supply induced by accelerated atherosclerosis. The increased risk of
acceleration and extension of atherosclerosis in patients with SCH and CH could be explained by dyslipidemia,
diastolic hypertension, increased arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and altered blood coagulation. Instability
of atherosclerotic plaque in hypothyroidism could cause excessive activity of the elements of innate
immunity, which are characterized by the significant presence of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, increased
nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) expression, and elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and
matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, with reduced interstitial collagen; all of them together creates inflammation
milieu, resulting in plaque rupture. Optimal substitution by levothyroxine (LT4) restores biochemical euthyroidism.
In postmenopausal women and elderly patients with hypothyroidism and associated vascular
comorbidity, excessive LT4 substitution could lead to atrial rhythm disorders and osteoporosis. Therefore, it is
of interest to maintain thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the reference range, thus eliminating the
deleterious effects of lower or higher TSH levels on the cardiovascular system. This review summarizes the recent
literature on subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and discusses
the effects of LT4 replacement therapy on restoring biochemical euthyroidism and atherosclerosis processes.
Manipulating Metabolic Alterations and their Consequences to Unleash the Potential of Antitumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Wu Yan , Zhu Xuanyu , Zhu Longfei
Published: June 2022

Cellular metabolic reprogramming driven by oncogenic mutations is considered as a hallmark
in the development of malignant cells, and has been a focus over the past decade. A common
theme emerging from these metabolic alterations is that tumor cells can acquire necessary nutrients
from a nutrient-limited microenvironment and utilize them to sustain growth and unrestrained cellular
division. However, this significant metabolic flexibility and the hostile microenvironment caused by the
insufficient vascular exchange, depletion of nutrients, hypoxia, and accumulation of waste products, can
inhibit the metabolism and immune activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and impose barriers to
effective antitumor immunotherapies. In this perspective, we review the classical alterations in tumorigenesis-
associated metabolic reprogramming and examine the functional contribution of these aberrant
metabolisms to the establishment and maintenance of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore,
we explore the possible approaches to targeting on these metabolic pathways to achieve antitumor
immunotherapy, as well as some hypothetical or ongoing combination therapeutic strategies that
could, to a certain extent, biologically rationalize and broaden the utility of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Ultimately, we elucidate some dietary modifications that can limit tumor-specific nutritional requirements
and maximize the cytotoxicity of other antineoplastic drugs.
Non-Nitrogen-Containing Bisphosphonates Prevent Pyrophosphorylation
of Exocytosis Proteins
Authors: Sahid Muhammad N.A.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Clodronate, a non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (non-NBP), is intracellularly
converted into non-hydrolyzable ATP analogs. Clodronate and its analogs impair normal cell
functions, including the exocytosis process. However, how this occurs in mast cells is still not well
characterized.

Objective:

To summarize the possible mechanisms of clodronate-mediated exocytosis inhibition in mast
cells.

Results:

Non-NBPs display several possible mechanisms of exocytosis inhibition in various cell types,
including vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) and purinergic receptor inhibition. Inhibition of purinergic
receptors has been shown in mast cells, but VNUT inhibition remains to be confirmed. Inhibition
of protein prenylation by non-NBPs has also been shown; however, direct evidence of non-NBPs in
prenylated exocytosis proteins is still contradictory. Finally, non-NBPs may inhibit mast cell exocytosis
via impairment of protein pyrophosphorylation. This mechanism is less studied, and direct evidence of
the involvement of pyrophosphorylated proteins in exocytosis is still lacking.

Conclusions:

Non-NBPs may affect mast cell exocytosis by interacting with purinergic receptors or
VNUT or by preventing post-translational modifications of exocytosis protein(s), i.e., prenylation and
pyrophosphorylation. The latter needs further investigation to provide direct evidence of a role for non-
NBPs.
Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Azidation Reaction for the Synthesis
of Xylo-azidonucleoside Analogues by Mitsunobu and Lithium Azide
Methods
Authors: Festus Sheneya , Devadas Sudheesh , Kudiliparambil Subramanian Akshaya , Kollappillil Krishnakumar S.
Published: June 2022

Many therapeutically important nucleoside analogues can be synthesized from versatile
azidonucleoside intermediates. We have synthesized 3’-xylo-azidonucleoside analogues of thymidine
and 2’-deoxyadenosine via Mitsunobu-DPPA and triflate-lithium azide strategies. On comparing the
two azidation strategies on nucleoside analogues, we found that Mitsunobu-DPPA azidation is better
than triflate-lithium azide azidation in terms of yield and reaction conditions.
WITHDRAWN: Recent Advancement on Various Synthetic Strategies and
Pharmacotherapy of Piperine and its Derivatives
Authors: Joshi Sagar , Shahar Yar Mohammad , Salahuddin  , Mazumder Avijit , Kumar Rajnish , Sharma Divya , Sharma Vikas , Jawed Ahsan Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

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Great Health Benefits of Essential Oils of Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium
L.): A Natural and Organic Medicine
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli
Published: June 2022

Background:

Natural herbal medicines may contribute to prevent and treat various diseases, and they have substantial medicinal properties.

Objective:

The goal of this manuscript is to survey natural benefits, chemical components, and medicinal values of pennyroyal.

Methods:

The goal of this manuscript was to outline the most notable advantages and pharmaceutical benefits of pennyroyal. The manuscript includes review articles, randomized control experiments, analytical studies and observations, which have been gathered from different sources such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and PubMed. A review of the literature was carried out using the keywords such as pennyroyal, Mentha pulegium L., natural products and pharmaceutical benefits.

Results:

The major pennyroyal essential oils are pulegone, menthone, isomenthone, piperitone, mentol, neo-menthol and 3-Octanol. The major health benefits of pennyroyal are antiseptic, depurative, digestive, anti-rheumatic, anti-arthritic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, stomachic, astringent, emmenagogue, decongestant and insecticide.

Conclusion:

Nutrition therapy on the basis of traditional medicinal science is definitely useful for treating common diseases. Pennyroyal has notable promising health benefits, and its phytochemical and pharmacological benefits indicate its importance in modern medicinal studies.
Comparing the Sensitivity and Specificity of Lung CT-scan with RT-PCR
for Diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Asghari Akram , Adeli Seyed-Hasan , Parham Mahmoud , Bagherzade Mohammad , Ahmadpour Sajjad , Shajari Rasoul , Tabarrai Reihane , Shakeri Masoumeh , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Jabbari Amir , Jafari Saeede , Razavinia Fatemesadat , Foroghi Ghomi Seyed Yaser , Ebrazeh Ali , Vafaeimanesh Jamshid
Published: June 2022

Background:

The lung is one of the major organs affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Lung CT scan and RT-PCR are the most valuable diagnostic methods in the early diagnosis and management of COVID-19. Due to the possible inconsistency of the false-negative results for the RT-PCR test, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of lung CT-scan as an accurate diagnostic method of COVID-19.

Method:

In this cross-sectional study, patients suspected of COVID-19 and referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom city from February 26 to April 13, 2020, were enrolled. For a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19, chest CT scan and RT-PCR testing was performed for 644 patients, and both sensitivity and specificity of lung CT scan were evaluated.

Results:

According to the findings, and comparing to the RT-PCR test as the standard gold, sensitivity, specificity as well as, positive predictive and negative predictive values of lung CT-scan were found as follow; 94.47% (95% CI:90.73 - 97.02%), 24.71% (95% CI:20.70 - 29.07%), 40.73% (95% CI:36.58 - 44.99%), 89.08% (95% CI: 82.4 - 94.05%), respectively.

Conclusion:

According to the findings, the lung CT scan has a better diagnostic value than RT-PCR in symptomatic patients who were referred to the hospital for COVID-19 diagnosis. Performing lung CT-scan in patients with negative RT-PCR test should be assessed.
A Rare Complication of Umbilical Vein Catheterization: TPNoma: US,
X-ray, and MRI Findings
Authors: Sari Lutfullah , Oran Zeynep , Ali Gültekin Mehmet , Sharifov Rasul , Toprak Hüseyin
Published: June 2022

Background:

Umbilical vein catheterization (UVC) is an early venous access route in newborns and is frequently used for delivering total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and medications. Vascular, hepatic parenchymal, and infectious complications of UVC can be seen rarely.

Objective:

We present preterm neonates' X-ray, US, and MRI findings with parenchymal TPN extravasation and portal vein thrombosis. Our case was the first case about MRI findings of TPNoma

Case Presentation:

A 30 week female with a birth weight of 1340 g was born via Cesarean section. Because of the diagnosis of transient tachypnea of the newborn and prematurity, the infant was hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. On the first day of hospitalization, UVC was inserted and TPN with 20% lipid content was started. After 10 days, UVC was removed and TPN treatment was continued with a piccline catheter. Abdominal US and portal venous Doppler examination was applied to the patient whose general condition deteriorated on the 12th day. US and Doppler revealed a lesion of 17x17x18mm in size with lobulated contour, hyperechoic heterogeneous internal structure, and no central or peripheral blood supply was observed in the left lobe of the liver. Moreover, a filling defect compatible with a thrombus was observed in the proximal part of the left portal vein. An abdominal MRI was performed to characterize this liver lesion.
Axial T1 weighted and T2- weighted images showed a heterogeneous hyperintense lesion without contrast enhancement. Axial fat saturation T1-weighted and out of phase T1-weighted images showed a reduction in signal intensity.
US and MRI examinations showed that the thrombosed umbilical vein ended superior to the lesion. In the differential diagnoses, fat-containing lesions such as lipoma-teratoma and fat-containing collection secondary to extravasation of TPN treatment via UVC were thought.

Conclusion:

In the differential diagnosis of liver localized lesions in newborns, UVC-related liver injury should be considered and the localization of the catheter tip should be checked. In case of the doubt based on US and X-ray findings, presence of fat on MRI could be diagnostic. Serious complications should be avoided with catheter revision or removal.
Disseminated Cryptococcosis in Idiopathic CD4+ Lymphocytopenia
Authors: Dinkar Anju , Dewangan Ankita , Singh Jitendra , Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Nilesh , Kumar Kailash
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Idiopathic CD4+ Lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare entity grouped in non–
HIV-related syndromes. ICL is characterized by a marked low CD4 T cell count of <300 cells/mm3
with ambiguous natural history and prognosis. In addition, cryptococcal and nontuberculous mycobacterial
infections are reported as known opportunistic infections. Therefore, management turns around
vigilant follow-up and treatment of the current clinical scenario of these patients.

Case Presentation:

Here, a 55-year-old lady was referred with a history of diffuse headache and intermittent
fever for two months, projectile vomiting, and altered mental status for five days. Nonpruritic
maculopapular rashes and diffuse desquamation of the skin were noted. She had no significant
previous medical history. Based on clinical findings and investigations, she was diagnosed with ICL
having disseminated cryptococcosis. Unfortunately, the patient did not undergo specific treatment as
she was recognized late, and unfortunately, she died.

Conclusion:

It is of paramount importance to recognize the clinical entity as early as possible to start
appropriate treatment, which may positively impact the outcome. Therefore, the clinician must be
aware of disseminated cryptococcosis associated with non-HIV states.
Challenges Experienced By Primary Health Care Nurses Rendering 24 Hours Service at Designated Clinics in Musina Local Area, Limpopo Province
Authors: Mutshatshi Takalani E. , Munyai Vhutshilo
Published: June 2022

Background:

The South African health care system has been making endless efforts to ensure effective and efficient health care service delivery irrespective of the various challenges experienced by Primary Health Care nurses that set some drawbacks. The introduction of a 24-hour service at designated clinics was recommended as an approach that could improve service delivery at Primary health settings however, the approach is faced with challenges from Primary Health Care nurses rendering such services.

Objective:

The objective was To explore and describe the challenges faced by Primary Health Care nurses when rendering 24-hours service at designated clinics in Musina local area.

Methods:

A qualitative, explorative-descriptive research methodology approach was used to collect data. The study used a non-probability purposive sampling method to select 10 Primary Health Care nurses to participate in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysis was done using Tesch’s open coding method to develop themes and sub-themes. Measures to ensure the trustworthiness OF the study were all followed throughout the study.

Results:

The study results indicated that there is a shortage of resources, inadequate compliance to occupational health and safety measures which affect the rendering of 24-hour services at clinics

Conclusion:

The study recommends the provision of adequate resources both human and material, provision of adequate security, and improvement in the clinic infrastructure to enable Primary Health Care nurses to work effectively. The study is of importance to the nursing profession as the findings and recommendations will help primary health care nurses in improving service delivery at clinics.