bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithm and method for quantitative assessment of the speech signals similarity
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), Novokhrestova D. I. , Kostyuchenko E. Y. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), Hodashinsky I. A. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR)
Published: December 2022

The paper proposes a method to solve the task of automated quantitative assessment of the syllable pronunciation. This quantitative assessment is used to evaluate the speech quality during speech rehabilitation. An algorithm for quantifying the similarity of two audio signals of different lengths is presented. The algorithm uses a hybrid match measure. The hybrid measure is based on calculation of three metrics (DTWdistance, correlation coefficient and Minkowski metric) and using a fuzzy classifier as a mechanism for combining the calculated values. The average number of coincidences of estimates by the proposed algorithm and estimates by the previously applied method is 83%. A method for quantifying the similarity of speech signals using several reference signals is proposed. The method allows to consider the variability of speech and the individual characteristics of the phoneme’s pronunciation. This is achieved by using records of the patient's preoperative speech as reference signals.
Information system of collection and analysis the requirements of the labor market to employ the population of a monotown
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), Zakharova A. A. , Meziukha N. V. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR)
Published: December 2022

The article considers one of the problems of formation and development of the system of advanced training of personnel for a monotown. In monotowns that are in difficult socioeconomic conditions (including the ones that are caused by problems related to the city-forming enterprises), there is a significant quantitative and qualitative imbalance between the requirements of the labor market and the existing professional and qualification structure and the size of the able-bodied population. Accordingly, the orientation of educational institutions of a single-industry town only to the domestic labor market will not solve the problem of employment. In this regard, the article considers the possibility of analyzing the requirements of external labor markets for a single industry town for employment of the population in the format of remote or rotational work. An automated system has been developed that collects and analyzes information from the databases of vacancies existing on the Internet (in particular, from the portal hh.ru), taking into account the specified restrictions on the employment forms. The developed system provides analytics on in-demand professions, in-demand competencies in vacancies, as well as in-demand competencies in professions. This information can serve to substantiate the directions and content of educational programs for educational institutions.
Non-quasi-static model of transient processes in a forwardbiased p–n-junction
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), Shevchenko G. M. , Semyonov E. V. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR)
Published: December 2022

A voltage surge at the beginning of the transient characteristic for a forward-biased p–n-junction is demonstrated, which occurs due to the dependence of the series loss resistance on the diffusion charge. It is shown that modern SPICE models of a p–n-junction do not allow one to describe this surge due to the fact that the series resistance is assumed to be independent of the charge, and the accumulated diffusion charge is calculated in the quasi-static approximation. A non-quasi-static model of transient processes in a forward-biased p–n-junction is proposed, which correctly describes the overshoot in the direct recovery transient response. The proposed model includes only common quasistatic elements of computer-aided design systems, which makes it available for implementation at the user level.
MICROCYSTIC ADNEXAL CARCINOMA OF THE SCALP WITH NODAL METASTASIS TREATED WITH SURGERY AND RADIOTHERAPY: CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy, Hospital of Oncology, CHU Hassan II, Fez, Morocco., Assenhaji Louizi B. , Lahmar S. ,   Department of Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy, Hospital of Oncology, CHU Hassan II, Fez, Morocco., Bouziane J. ,   Department of Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy, Hospital of Oncology, CHU Hassan II, Fez, Morocco., Kabbaj H. ,   Department of Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy, Hospital of Oncology, CHU Hassan II, Fez, Morocco., Hassani W. ,   Department of Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy, Hospital of Oncology, CHU Hassan II, Fez, Morocco., Farhane FZ. ,   Department of Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy, Hospital of Oncology, CHU Hassan II, Fez, Morocco., Alami Z. ,   Department of Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy, Hospital of Oncology, CHU Hassan II, Fez, Morocco., Bouhafa T. ,   Department of Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy, Hospital of Oncology, CHU Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.
Published: December 2022

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is an uncommon type of cutaneous neoplasm known by its slow growth but local aggressivity and no potential of systemic metastasis. The standard diagnostic approach is histopathological study of a deep incisional or excisional biopsy. The literature has detailed a variety of treatment modalities, including the Mohs micrographic surgery, standard excision, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or observation.Mohs is nonetheless the recommended approach nowadays. We describe a unique case of a 69-year-old woman presenting reccurrent Microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the scalp with histologically proven spinal lymph node involvement, treated with surgery, lymph node dissection, and adjuvant radiotherapy. the ongoing assessment shows no evidence of clinical or radiological recurrence at 28 months post-treatment.
ROLE OF ULTRASONOGRAPHIC INFERIOR VENACAVAL ASSESSMENT IN SURGERIES CONDUCTED UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA-A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology, Gandhi Medical College & Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal (M.P.)., Gajendra Akash , Vatsalya Tripti ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Gandhi Medical College & Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal (M.P.)., Nema Neelesh ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Gandhi Medical College & Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal (M.P.)., Mehrotra Shikha ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Gandhi Medical College & Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal (M.P.).
Published: December 2022

Background: One of the most frequent side effects following the induction of general anaesthesia during surgery is hypotension. The goal of our study was to determine if there was a connection between the maximum inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter prior to induction, the collapsibility index (CI), and the post-induction decrease in mean arterial blood pressure in patients undergoing operations under general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients who underwent procedures under general anaesthesia at Gandhi Medical College Bhopal and associated tertiary care hospital were included in a prospective observational research. Prior to starting general anaesthesia, the IVC was evaluated. For each surgical patient, the maximum and minimum IVC diameters (IVCD max and IVCD min) as well as the CI were assessed. Results: According to the criteria of hypotension as defined, 31(38.75%) of the patients developed post-induction hypotension. Four patients had MAP <60 mmHg after induction of anesthesia. Post-induction hypotension was seen in patients with increased age. Patients with smaller IVCD max (P = 0.02), smaller IVCD min (P = 0.003), and higher CI% (P = 0.004) developed hypotension after induction of anesthesia. Percentage drop in MAP was 33.7 Â± 4.48% (P = 0.002) in patients who developed post-induction hypotension. Conclusion: Predicting post-induction hypotension caused by hypovolemia in surgical patients with IVC measurement using ultrasound is a reliable strategy.
A CLINICAL STUDY OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS AND MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Zoram Medical College, Mizoram, India., Vanlalhlua Chawngthu , Lalruatfala Sailo Samuel ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Zoram Medical College, Mizoram, India.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Diabetic foot may be defined as a group of syndromes in which neuropathy, ischemia and infection lead to tissue breakdown, resulting in morbidity and possible amputation. Foot problem remains very common in people with diabetes throughout the world, affecting up to 15% of diabetic patients during their life time. The aim of this study is to assess the various presentations of diabetic foot ulcers and surgical management. Materials and Methods:This is a hospital based prospective observational study conducted in 50patients of diabetic foot ulcers admitted in the department of General Surgery at Zoram Medical College (ZMC), Falkawn, Mizoram during the period of November 2017 to December 2021. All patients with diabetes mellitus suffering from foot ulcers of all age groups, incidental diagnosis of diabetes with foot ulcers, patients with gangrenous foot complicated by diabetes are included.Patients with foot infections or gangrene foot without diabetes mellitus or incomplete treatment are excluded. Results: The commonest presentation in this study is ulcer followed by gangrene and abscess. The most common site of lesion is toes (42%) followed by dorsum of foot (30%) and planter of foot (16%). 72% of patients (36) had neuropathy, 14% had vasculopathy and 10% had both. 30 (60%) patients are healed by debridement and dressing alone, 11 (22%) patients need amputation or disarticulation to heal. Skin grafting is done in 9 patients. No patient dies of the ulcer. Conclusion: Diabetic foot ulcer is a complication of prolonged diabetes mellitus which increases with age and duration of the disease. The surgical management of diabetic foot ulcers should be based on the knowledge of pathophysiology of diabetes and practice of new treatment modalities.
MACULAR EDEMA AS UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF NON-ARTERITIC ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY (NAION)
Authors:   Department of Opthalmology, Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal., Mahitha P. , Kranti B.V. ,   Department of Opthalmology, Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal., Nikitha K. ,   Department of Opthalmology, Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Non-arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy is the most common type of ischemic optic neuropathy. Nearly half of NAION patients presented with 20/30 or better visual acuity. Central vision is often preserved relative to the visual field loss.Macular edema in NAION patient is rare, and its occurrence may confuse to other disease and lead to unnecessary treatment. Case Report: We identified a NAION patient presented with macular edema. The patient age was above 40 and had diabetes mellitus (DM). He had clinical findings consistent with NAION with poor visual acuity at the early presentation. Optical coherence tomography examination was performed, and the patient had prominent subretinal fluid. Intravitreal antiVEGF injection was done on our patient and he showed a significant improvement of macular edema. Discussion: Macular edema is a rare clinical manifestation that may contribute a visual deterioration in NAION. The incidence of macular edema in NAION patients is difficult to measure since OCT of macula is not routinely performed. In our report, we encountered a case of NAION complicated by macular edema that underwent a different approach in therapy. Spontaneous regression of subretinal fluid was seen during observation without any treatment given. Our patient achieved a stable visual acuity and visual field defect. This finding is under the literature that spontaneous recovery will be observed during the natural course of acute NAION. Conclusion: Macular edema is an unusual but self-limiting presentation of NAION. Therefore, a comprehensive examination is needed to prevent any unnecessary treatment.
Etkileşimli Ekran Uygulamalarında Kavramsal Tipografi Tasarımları
Authors: Yıldız Münire , Keş Yusuf
Published: December 2022

Öz
Klasik basımcılık döneminde var olan tipografi anlayışı modernistlerin deneysel çalışmalarıyla yeni anlatım türüne ve işleve sahip olmuştur. Tipografik tasarımlarda yazı ve görüntü çeşitli tekniklerle getirilmiş, ayrıca sayfa tasarımlarındaki kompozisyonlarda alışılmadık düzenlemeler ortaya çıkmıştır. İçeriğin biçimi oluşturduğu tasarımlarda sayfa üzerinde dinamik tasarımlar yaratılmıştır. Tipografi, okunur olma işlevinin dışında yeni bir boyut kazanmış ve görüntü haline gelmiştir. Kavramsal anlayışın benimsendiği bu yeni anlatım biçimlerinde fikirleri, kavramları ve duyguları dışa vuran bir aktarım geliştirilmiştir.
Bu makalede tipografi kapsamında modern hareketler ile teknolojik gelişmelerin ışığında kazanılan yeni boyutlar ve yeni kullanım ortamları örneklerle açıklanmıştır. Tipografik tasarımlarda görülmeye başlanan kavramsal anlayış, kuramsal çerçeve ışığında detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Günümüz teknolojisinin getirdiği dijital ekranlar ile sunum olanakları değerlendirilerek tasarımlar dijital sunuma göre tasarlanmış ve kavramsal tipografik tasarımların okurun üzerinde etkisi gözlemlenmiştir.
Effect of N fertilizing on gas exchange, leaf photosynthetic performance and nutrient concentrations of Sweet Cherry cv. 0900 ziraat
Authors: UÇGUN Kadir , TÜRKELİ Bahar , CANSU Murat , ALTINDAL Mesut
Published: December 2022

In this study, the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on gas exchange and the photosynthetic performance of cherry leaves were investigated. In the study, 4 different doses of N were applied from the soil, and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and B concentrations were determined in leaf samples taken from the middle part of the shoots 65-70 days after full flowering. Assimilation rate (A), the concentration of intercellular CO2 (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance to water vapor (Gsw), total conductance to CO2 (Gtc), and total conductance to water vapor (Gtw) were measured simultaneously with leaf collection for mineral analysis. Leaf water use efficiency (WUE) and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (ICE) were calculated. N fertilizing affected the leaf accumulation of some macro (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) and micro (B) nutrients. As N doses increased, N content of leaf increased, while decreasing leaf P, K, and B contents. N fertilizing negatively affected Tr, A, Gsw, Gtw, Gtc, and ICE. While there were negative correlations between leaf N concentration and gas exchange and leaf photosynthetic performance, they were positive for P and K. It means that changes in gas exchange and leaf photosynthetic performance were not related to increasing leaf N concentration, but decreasing leaf K and/or P concentrations depending on N fertilizing.
Modeling monthly actual evapotranspiration: an application of geographically weighted regression technique in the Passaic River Basin
Authors: Oteng Mensah Felix , Alo Clement Aga
Published: December 2022

Actual evapotranspiration (ET) is perhaps the most difficult quantity to directly measure among the major water balance components. Because of the high cost and labor constraints associated with the direct measurement of ET, empirical data-driven modeling has frequently been used to estimate ET. Beyond the widely used traditional type regression that has the effect of producing ‘global’ parameter estimates, assumed to be uniform throughout an area, we utilized a more localized spatially non-stationary technique – the geographically weighted regression (GWR) – to estimate mean monthly ET in the Passaic River Basin (PRB). We identified the key environmental controls of ET and developed new sets of spatially varying empirical ET models based on variable combinations that produced the best-fit model. The analysis showed that temporal and spatial variabilities in ET over the PRB are driven by climatic and biophysical factors. We found that the key controlling factors were different from month to month, with wind speed being dominant throughout the year in the study basin. A monthly mean ET index map was further generated from the model to illustrate areas where ET exceeds precipitation. This will among others enable water loss due to evapotranspiration to be accounted for in future water supply plans for the basin.
A pragmatic approach to the combined effect of climate change and water abstraction on Lake Ziway water balance, Ethiopia
Authors: Ashagre Hailemariam Molla , Hatiye Samuel Dagalo , Goshime Demelash Wondimagegnehu
Published: December 2022

Climate change and ongoing human activity have been threatening Ethiopia's Lake Ziway's water balance. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the combined effects of climate change and water withdrawal on the lake's water balance using climate change and water withdrawal for irrigation. We used high-resolution multiple climate models and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios to assess the impact of climatic variables for two future periods: 2021–2050 and 2051–2080. Rainfall and temperature data biases were corrected using power transformation and variance scaling methods, respectively. The Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) hydrological model was employed to simulate surface inflow into Lake Ziway from the Meki and Katar sub-catchments. The FAO CROPWAT model was used to estimate the irrigation water demand of major crops grown in the study area. The results indicate that future temperatures and wet season runoff levels are expected to rise. Under the worst climate change scenario, climate change and water withdrawal from the lake for agriculture may cause the lake level to drop by 25 cm per year, resulting in a 10 km2 surface area and 101 Mm3 volume reductions. Therefore, implementing preventive measures, proper planning and careful monitoring of lake water use is advised.
High abundance of high-risk Human Papillomavirus genotypes in wastewater in Uruguay
Authors: Victoria Matías , Moller Ana , Salvo Matías , Baccardatz Natalia , Colina Rodney
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in wastewater of Salto city, Uruguay, in order to obtain a general overview of the circulating genotypes in their population. HPV was detected in 34% (32/93) of the wastewater samples collected and analyzed during 2020/21 in Salto city, Uruguay. Thirty-three genotypes were observed, of which 16 presented read abundance higher than 1%, including both high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) genotypes. HR genotypes 31, 16, 58, 52, 33 and 59 were detected representing 40% (163,220 reads) of the total read abundance, with genotypes 31 (64,365), 16 (39,337) and 58 (36,332) being the most abundant. LR genotypes 72, 6, 11 and 40 were also detected in a high frequency, accounting for 37% (148,359) of the HPV reads. This study highlights the high frequency of HR genotypes of HPV, circulating in the population of Salto city which is a burden in public health mainly due to the devastating impact of cervical cancer in women.
Türkçeyi Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğreten ve Öğrenenler için A2 Düzeyi Yazma Becerisi Dereceli Puanlama Anahtarı Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: Harmankaya Mustafa Özgün , Sallabaş Muhammed Eyyüp , Toker Türker
Published: December 2022

Etkili bir öğretim sürecinin en önemli öğelerinden bir ölçme ve değerlendirmedir. Üretici dil becerilerinden biri olan yazma; yazının doğasından, yazardan ve diğer pek çok etmenden en çok etkilenen becerilerden biri olduğu için değerlendirme süreci zor ve zahmetlidir. Bunun yanı sıra özellikle ikinci dilde bir yazının değerlendirmesinde değerlendiricinin deneyimi, duygu durumu vb. pek çok etken değerlendirme sürecine istemeden de olsa dâhil olur. Dolayısıyla değerlendiriciler tarafından verilen puanlar farklılaşır. Bu doğrultuda bu araştırmanın amacı yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde yazma sürecinde kullanılmak üzere A2 düzeyinde geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Nitel ve nicel verilerin bir arada kullanıldığı araştırmada A2 düzeyi yazma sınavı, uzman görüş formu ve dereceli puanlama anahtarı veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda deneme uygulaması için 10, asıl uygulama için 34 öğrencinin yazma sınavı kullanılmıştır. Nitel veriler Lawshe (1975) tekniği ile analiz edilirken nicel verilerin analizinde grup içi korelasyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Lawshe (1975) analizinin bulguları her madde, alt boyutlar ve ölçeğin tamamı için kapsam geçerliliğinin literatüre göre yeterli olduğunu gösterirken grup içi korelasyon testinin sonuçları her madde, alt boyutlar ve ölçeğin tamamı için puanlayıcılar arası uyumun istatistiki olarak mükemmel düzeyde olduğunu göstermektedir.
Nanoparticle and Stem Cell Combination Therapy for the Management of Stroke
Authors: Salatin Sara , Farhoudi Mehdi , Sadigh-Eteghad Saeed , Farjami Afsaneh
Published: December 2022

Stroke is currently one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, the available treatments for stroke are still extremely limited. Indeed, stem cell (SC) therapy is a new option for the treatment of stroke that could significantly expand the therapeutic time window of stroke. Some proposed mechanisms for stroke-based SC therapy are the incorporation of SCs into the host brain to replace dead or damaged cells/tissues. Moreover, acute cell delivery can inhibit apoptosis and decrease lesion size, providing immunomudolatory and neuroprotection effects. However, several major SC problems related to SCs such as homing, viability, uncontrolled differentiation, and possible immune response, have limited SC therapy. A combination of SC therapy with nanoparticles (NPs) can be a solution to address these challenges. NPs have received considerable attention in regulating and controlling the behavior of SCs because of their unique physicochemical properties. By reviewing the pathophysiology of stroke and the therapeutic benefits of SCs and NPs, we hypothesize that combined therapy will offer a promising future in the field of stroke management. In this work, we discuss recent literature in SC research combined with NP-based strategies that may have a synergistic outcome after stroke incidence.
The Potential of Secondary Metabolites from Plants as Drugs or Leads
against Trypanosoma cruzi-An Update from 2012 to 2021
Authors: Lago Joao Henrique Ghilardi , Barbosa Henrique , Thevenard Fernanda , Quero Reimão Juliana , Tempone Andre Gustavo , Honorio Kathia Maria
Published: December 2022

Background:

Chagas disease (American Trypanosomiasis) is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the seventeen neglected tropical diseases (NTD), affecting, mainly, several regions of Latin America.

Introduction:

However, immigration has expanded the range of this disease to other continents. Thousands of patients with Chagas disease die annually, yet no new therapeutics for Chagas disease have been approved, with only nifurtimox and benznidazole available. Treatment with these drugs presents several challenges, including protozoan resistance, toxicity, and low efficacy. Natural products, including the secondary metabolites found in plants, offer a myriad of complex structures that can be sourced directly or optimized for drug discovery.

Method:

Therefore, this review aims to assess the literature from the last 10 years (2012-2021) and present the anti-T. cruzi compounds isolated from plants in this period, as well as briefly discuss computational approaches and challenges in natural product drug discovery. Using this approach, more than 350 different metabolites were divided based on their biosynthetic pathway alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, polyketides, and phenylpropanoids which displayed activity against different forms of this parasite epimastigote, trypomastigote and more important, the intracellular form, amastigote.

Conclusion:

In this aspect, there are several compounds with high potential which could be consid-ered as a scaffold for the development of new drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease-for this, more advanced studies must be performed including pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) analysis as well as conduction of in vivo assays, these being important limitations in the dis-covery of new anti-T. cruzi compounds.
A Mini-review on the Application of Chemically Modified Sensing
Platforms for the Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Water
Authors: Shaban Abdul , Szabó Tamás , Eddaif Larbi
Published: December 2022

High levels of metallic ions, particularly heavy metals, can cause serious damage not only to
public health but to the whole ecosystem. Therefore, rapid and precise detection and monitoring of heavy
metals have become vital. The detection of heavy metals in water using conventional monitoring approaches
based on physicochemical and analytical procedures, e.g., inductively coupled plasma combined
with atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, instrumental neutron activation analysis, etc.,
has been immensely utilized. However, the sophisticated sample preparation and evaluation procedures
for most of the mentioned methods are time- and labor-intensive, and economically more favorable detection
approaches, e.g., sensors and lab-on-a-chip techniques, are being developed. Chemical sensors (electrochemical,
optical, and piezogravimetric) with different sensing platforms (nanostructures, biological,
polymeric, and macrocyclic) have been considered to be the most promising ones, owing to their strong
adsorption of target elements, fast electron transfer kinetics, and biocompatibility, which are very apt for
sensing applications. The combination of electrochemical, optical, and piezogravimetric techniques with
nanomaterials has enhanced the sensitivity, limit of detection, and robustness of the chemosensors. Following
this perspective, this review highlights surface modification platforms of sensors that enhance the
detection properties (sensitivity, selectivity, limit of detection, and linear range) of the proposed devices,
including nanostructures, biological networks, polymers, and macrocycles with a special emphasis on
calixarenes/resorcinarenes oligomers. The capabilities, limitations, and prospect assessments of the covered
techniques in detection and monitoring have been highlighted.
The Anti-Viral Activity of Stem Cells: A Rational Explanation for their Use
in Clinical Application
Authors: Balzanelli Mario Giosuè , Distratis Pietro , Lazzaro Rita , Pham Van Hung , Tran Toai Cong , Dipalma Gianna , Inchingolo Francesco , Serlenga Emilio Maria , Aityan Sergey Khachatur , Ballini Andrea , Nguyen Kieu Cao Diem , Isacco Ciro Gargiulo
Published: December 2022

It is well established the importance of stem cells (SCs) in tissue growth, regeneration
and repair, given their ability to self-renew and differentiate into mature cells. Stem cells are present
in all individuals and are potentially active to the end of life. However, less is known about their
unique function within the immune system as immune regulators and their important task in viral
protection. Antiviral resistance is a common mechanism in all cells though stem cells utilize an
antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism, while adult cells react by using the interferondependent
repression pathway via interferon-associated protein-based response to induce an
antiviral response. Therefore, the idea behind this review is to highlight the mechanisms of viral
evasion of host defense, which would then allow us to highlight the rationale use of autologous stem
cells and their biochemical and immunological ability to reset the subverted immune responses.
Recently, scientists have highlighted their use in the field of immune-therapy, establishing the
possibilities of using them outside the conventional protocol with the advancement in manipulating
these cells in such a way that specific body activity can be restored. This paper describes the
remarkable SCs profile and discusses some ideas regarding their promising use in vivo.
Glycine Catalyzed One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Structurally
Diverse 2-Amino Substituted Pyran Annulated Heterocycles in Aqueous
Ethanol under Refluxed Conditions
Authors: Banerjee Bubun , Kaur Manmeet , Sharma Aditi , Singh Arvind , Priya Anu , Gupta Vivek Kumar , Jaitak Vikas
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION:

A facile, convenient and general method has been developed for the one-pot three-component synthesis of structurally diverse 2-amino pyran annulated heterocycles from the reactions of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and various C-H activated acids in the presence of a catalytic amount of glycine as an efficient metal-free organocatalyst in aqueous ethanol under refluxed conditions.

METHOD:

Using this developed protocol, we were able to synthesize a series of structurally diverse 2-amino pyran derivatives viz., 2-amino-4,5-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromenes, 2-amino-4,5-dihydropyrano[4,3-b]pyrans, 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromenes, 2'-amino-2,5'-dioxo-5'H-spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene]-3'-carbonitrile and 2'-amino-1,3,5'-trioxo-1,3-dihydro-5'H-spiro[indene-2,4'-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene]-3'-carbonitrile in excellent yields.

RESULT:

Synthesis of biologically promising pyrans and spiropyrans, high atom economy, excellent yields, use of metal-free catalyst, less toxic solvents, no chromatographic column purifications, multiple carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formations are some of the major advantages of this newly developed protocol.
Effects of Leptin antagonist treatments on testosterone and testis histological characteristics of immature male mice
Authors: Kh. Al-Aqbi Mohammed A.
Published: December 2022

The present study aimed to ascertain how leptin antagonist injection affected testis weights, testis morphology and testosterone levels in immature male Swiss mice. Animals were administered with anti-leptin antibody subcutaneously, with or without equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Control animals were treated with non-immune serum. Blood and testis were collected. The Androgen profile was analyzed in serum and tissue homogenates, and testes were histologically examined. Compared to controls, mice treated with an anti-leptin antibody with or without gonadotropins had a significant (p<0.05) increase in testis weight. Testosterone concentrations in the testis were significantly (p<0.05) higher in mice administered with anti-leptin antibody compared to control, but testosterone concentrations in blood were not affected. The diameter of seminiferous tubules, the diameter of the lumen and the width of spermatogenic cells were significantly (p<0.05) higher in mice in treatment groups compared to controls. We conclude that anti-leptin antibody administration in immature male mice increased testosterone concentrations in the testis and improved testis histological characteristics. Keywords: leptin; mouse; histology; testis; testosterone; immature male
The effect of adding compound fertilizer of NPK and Humic acid on the availability of NPK soil and cabbage yield
Authors: Ibrahim Turki Miaad , Rahem Bader Basem
Published: December 2022

A field experiment was conducted in Jdeidet Al-Shatt in Diyala Governorate during the fall season of 2021. According to modern American classification, silt loam soil is classified at a level lower than Typic Torrifluvent. To study the effect of NPK and humic acid addition on soil NPK availability and total cabbage yield according to RCBD randomized complete block design with three replications. The balanced 20:20:20 NPK compound fertilizer was added at three levels, 0,150,300 kg ha-1 and humic acid at three levels, 0, 15 and 30 kg ha-1. The fertilizers were added to the soil in two batches, the first during the planting process and the second 43 days after the date of the first batch. The concentrations of elements were measured in two stages, and the total yield of cabbage. The results of the study showed the superiority of the compound fertilizer NPK at the level of 300 kg ha-1 of NPK elements and in the first stage 46days (before the emergence of the head), where the concentration of NPK elements reached 36.59 mg kg-1, 35.55 mg kg-1, 224.90 mg kg-1, respectively. While the superiority of the humic acid at the level of 30 kg ha-1 to 30.44 mg kg-1, 25.13 mg kg-1, and 209.39 mg kg-1, respectively. As for the compound fertilizer at the second stage106 days (when the head is fully mature), the concentration of NPK elements and cabbage yield reached 27.17 mg kg-1, 36.92 mg kg-1, 208.69 mg kg-1, 68.23kg Mg ha-1, while the humic acid was 22.86 mg kg-1, 27.91 mg kg-1, 197.11 mg kg-1, 57.53 Mg ha-1, respectively. Keywords: NPK compound fertilizer, Humic acid, NPK readiness, cabbage
Determinants of Implementation of a Critical Care Registry in Asia: Lessons From a Qualitative Study
Authors: Tolppa Timo , Pari Vrindha , Pell Christopher , Aryal Diptesh , Hashmi Madiha , Shamal Ghalib Maryam , Jawad Issrah , Tripathy Swagata , Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan Bharath Kumar , Beane Abi , Dondorp Arjen M , Haniffa Rashan ,   Collaboration of Research Implementation & Training in Critical Care in Asia Investigators
Published: December 2022

Background

The Collaboration for Research, Implementation, and Training in Critical Care in Asia (CCA) is implementing a critical care registry to capture real-time data to facilitate service evaluation, quality improvement, and clinical studies.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to examine stakeholder perspectives on the determinants of implementation of the registry by examining the processes of diffusion, dissemination, and sustainability.

Methods

This study is a qualitative phenomenological inquiry using semistructured interviews with stakeholders involved in registry design, implementation, and use in 4 South Asian countries. The conceptual model of diffusion, dissemination, and sustainability of innovations in health service delivery guided interviews and analysis. Interviews were coded using the Rapid Identification of Themes from Audio recordings procedure and were analyzed based on the constant comparison approach.

Results

A total of 32 stakeholders were interviewed. Analysis of stakeholder accounts identified 3 key themes: innovation-system fit; influence of champions; and access to resources and expertise. Determinants of implementation included data sharing, research experience, system resilience, communication and networks, and relative advantage and adaptability.

Conclusions

The implementation of the registry has been possible due to efforts to increase the innovation-system fit, influence of motivated champions, and the support offered by access to resources and expertise. The reliance on individuals and the priorities of other health care actors pose a risk to sustainability.
Predicting Smoking Prevalence in Japan Using Search Volumes in an Internet Search Engine: Infodemiology Study
Authors: Taira Kazuya , Itaya Takahiro , Fujita Sumio
Published: December 2022

Background

Tobacco smoking is an important public health issue and a core indicator of public health policy worldwide. However, global pandemics and natural disasters have prevented surveys from being conducted.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to predict smoking prevalence by prefecture and sex in Japan using Internet search trends.

Methods

This study used the infodemiology approach. The outcome variable was smoking prevalence by prefecture, obtained from national surveys. The predictor variables were the search volumes on Yahoo! Japan Search. We collected the search volumes for queries related to terms from the thesaurus of the Japanese medical article database Ichu-shi. Predictor variables were converted to per capita values and standardized as z scores. For smoking prevalence, the values for 2016 and 2019 were used, and for search volume, the values for the April 1 to March 31 fiscal year (FY) 1 year prior to the survey (ie, FY 2015 and FY 2018) were used. Partial correlation coefficients, adjusted for data year, were calculated between smoking prevalence and search volume, and a regression analysis using a generalized linear mixed model with random effects was conducted for each prefecture. Several models were tested, including a model that included all search queries, a variable reduction method, and one that excluded cigarette product names. The best model was selected with the Akaike information criterion corrected (AICC) for small sample size and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). We compared the predicted and actual smoking prevalence in 2016 and 2019 based on the best model and predicted the smoking prevalence in 2022.

Results

The partial correlation coefficients for men showed that 9 search queries had significant correlations with smoking prevalence, including cigarette (r=–0.417, P<.001), cigar in kanji (r=–0.412, P<.001), and cigar in katakana (r=-0.399, P<.001). For women, five search queries had significant correlations, including vape (r=0.335, P=.001), quitting smoking (r=0.288, P=.005), and cigar (r=0.286, P=.006). The models with all search queries were the best models for both AICC and BIC scores. Scatter plots of actual and estimated smoking prevalence in 2016 and 2019 confirmed a relatively high degree of agreement. The average estimated smoking prevalence in 2022 in the 47 prefectures for the total sample was 23.492% (95% CI 21.617%-25.367%), showing an increasing trend, with an average of 29.024% (95% CI 27.218%-30.830%) for men and 8.793% (95% CI 7.531%-10.054%) for women.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the search volume of tobacco-related queries in internet search engines can predict smoking prevalence by prefecture and sex in Japan. These findings will enable the development of low-cost, timely, and crisis-resistant health indicators that will enable the evaluation of health measures and contribute to improved public health.
Environmental Activism and Cyber-advocacy on Social Media: A Case Study from Indonesia
Authors: Susanto Nurhadi , Thamrin M.H.
Published: December 2022

This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the functions of social media for ENGOs (Environmental Non-Government Organization). Recently, ENGOs’ presence on social media caught public attention due to the emergence of several offline protests that were initiated online. The research used content analysis on tweets posted by two ENGOs in Indonesia. The results showed that social media was used primarily to build public awareness regarding environmental issues in Indonesia. In this case, ENGOs tries to educate the public on the causes and consequences of environmental problems. One of the issues highlighted is infrastructure development which is currently underway in Indonesia. While infrastructure development fosters long term development, the process has been associated with detrimental effects on the environment. This research also found that the public can act as a vital source of informationon environmental issues. Social media allow the public to connect virtual with the real world , thereby giving them the opportunity to participate in policy debates even in the absence of physical presence. That said, while social media is an important alternative channel for communicating positions and ideals, ENGOs still principally rely on mainstream media to reach a broader public, largely due to the digital divide that prevents certain people from active participation.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Pruritus in Patients with Nondialysis CKD
Authors: Wulczyn Kendra E. , Rhee Eugene P. , Myint Leslie , Kalim Sahir , Shafi Tariq
Published: December 2022

Background

Pruritus is a common symptom experienced by patients with nondialysis CKD, but risk factors for incident pruritus in this patient population have not been evaluated.

Methods

We identified 1951 participants with CKD in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study without pruritus at the baseline assessment. Pruritus was assessed by the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36) instrument, and moderate-to-severe pruritus was defined as a response of 3 or higher on a Likert scale of 1–5. We used time-updated multivariable joint models to evaluate the association of patient clinical characteristics, eGFR, and laboratory parameters with incident pruritus.

Results

Over a median follow-up of 6 years, 660 (34%) participants developed incident moderate-to-severe pruritus, with a higher incidence rate observed among participants with more advanced CKD. In multivariable models, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for pruritus associated with a 10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 lower eGFR was 1.16 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.23). Older age (≥65 years), higher body mass index, diabetes, current smoking, opioid use, depressive symptoms, and serum parathyroid hormone were also associated with a higher risk of incident pruritus, whereas low serum calcium (<9 mg/dl) was associated with a lower risk (all P<0.05). Serum phosphate was not associated with incident pruritus in the primary analysis.

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of patients with nondialysis CKD develop moderate-to-severe pruritus. Although lower eGFR is associated with the risk of pruritus, other comorbidities, particularly depressive symptoms, were potential risk factors.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2023_02_08_CJN09480822.mp3
Hydrogen H2 Is the Solution to Global Overheating—But It Still Takes Time
Authors: Novak David
Published: December 2022

Purpose: In the overall context of global overheating (belittling it as “climate change”), hydrogen H2 is the core of the solution to be sought. Although this is recognized in professional circles and now even by most politicians, progress towards the global hydrogen economy is still small and progress is too slow.Design/methodology/approach: The goal was to find out why the implementation towards the acceptance and implementation of H2 in the application, mainly in Germany, is progressing much too slowly. Germany stands here as an example for most industrialized countries.Findings: Most people have understood that anthropogenic global overheating can only be solved by new technologies (which cost money, time and behavioral changes) in production and application. Hydrogen H2 seems to be an essential part of the desired solution. Nevertheless, the state, economy and society are slowing down, or at least hurdles are being built up that contribute to a slowdown in implementation.Affected countries: The situation described here, which is largely based on Germany, should be relatively easy to transfer to most EU countries because the situation there is comparable or at least similar. Research/Future/Practical Implications: Yes, there are various hurdles to introducing hydrogen H2. Responsible ministers and heads of government may not want too many changes too quickly themselves, the economy sees it as an immense cost factor (not to mention technical changes) and private individuals act according to their own motivation factors. Finally, it can be assumed that the possibility of making money using H2 applications can be the fastest accelerator in the introduction of H2. This can then be achieved using simple “out-of-the-box” solutions.Originality/value: Currently there are practically no scientific books on the use or rejection of e-mobility. Therefore, only current surveys, market quantities and obvious behaviors of users and challenges can be described here.
An Introduction to Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Saxena Aarush
Published: December 2022

Abstract: The field of machine learning has taken a dramatic twist in re- cent times, with the rise of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). These biologically inspired computational models can far exceed the per- performance of previous forms of artificial intelligence in common machine-learning tasks. One of the most impressive forms of ANN architecture is that of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CNNs are primarily used to solve difficult image-driven pattern recognition tasks and with their precise yet simple architecture, offer a simplified method of getting started with ANNs. This document briefly introduces CNNs, discussing recently published papers and newly formed techniques in developing this bill- leniently fantastic image recognition models. This introduction assumes you are familiar with ANNs and machine learning fundamentals.
Global trend of research and development in education in the pandemic era: A systematic literature review
Authors: Husamah H. , Suwono Hadi , Nur Hadi , Dharmawan Agus
Published: December 2022

Research and Development (R&D) has urgency in education, especially during a pandemic because it describes solutions and innovations. The purpose of this systematic literature review (SLR) was to analyze the global trend of research and development in education in the pandemic era. We used the word “research and development education” in the disbursement menu in the SCOPUS database, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria using the PRISMA technique, we found 15 suitable articles. There is an increasing trend of research on R&D in the last three years, where the peak of publication occurs in 2021 and decreases in 2022. More articles are published by authors from Europe. Articles are dominated by international collaborations. The R&D article is related to sustainable development and is closely related to educational innovation, especially at the university level. Based on the co-citation data presented by VOSviewer, there is a relationship between R&D and COVID-19. It can be concluded that R&D in education gets special place and attention from researchers in the world.
Developing the Design for a Slotted Agricultural Sprayer and Studying Its Output Parameters
Authors: Slavkina V. E. , Sviridov A. S. , Arumugam G. , Goncharova Y. A. , Kasimov R. M.
Published: December 2022

It is shown that the use of low-quality sprayers for pesticide application can lead to the yield decrease and negative environmental consequences. The use of worn nozzles is noted to reduce the efficiency of plant treatment, since the deviation from the dosage norm of plant protection products reaches 30-60 percent. It is noted that foreign-made sprayers are most often used in Russia, since there are no domestic analogues providing similar output parameters. (Research purpose) To investigate the output parameters of the developed slotted agricultural sprayer and compare them with the performance of advanced imported analogues. (Materials and methods) A prototype model of the developed sprayer was made of bronze using mechanical treatment. It was examined on a special test bench in comparison with a reference polymer sprayer. Using optical microscopy the flow rate of the working fluid and the spray angle were measured, as well as the dimensions of the sprayer nozzle. (Results and discussion) It was found that, on average, in the prototype sprayer made of bronze, the flow rate of the working fluid is 1.7 times greater and the spray angle is 37.16 degrees less than those of a reference polymer sprayer. The examination of the spray nozzles by an optical microscope revealed some differences in shape and size. (Conclusions) The developed design of the sprayer reveals a need for improvement: the nozzle shape should be modified to ellipsoid; the nozzle size should be reduced.