bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM NA PREVENÇÃO DA VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Oliveira Lisiane , Batista Bento Lima Daniela , Cristiane Catta Preta Silva Vilkia , Aianne Carolina Pego Silva  , Daniel de Azevedo Teixeira
Published: September 2023

Este trabalho demonstra, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, como a assistência de enfermagem pode atuar na prevenção da violência obstétrica, a qual representa um problema bastante atual de saúde pública e prejudica a experiência do parto de mulheres. Nessa análise sistemática, pontuaram-se alguns pontos relevantes para o entendimento acerca da importância da ação ativa dos profissionais da enfermagem. Para isso, definiram-se, durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, a violência institucional no parto, bem como suas categorias e seus efeitos na vida de parturientes que foram vítimas desse impasse. Por fim, baseado nessa discussão, articularam-se intervenções cabíveis à equipe de enfermagem no que se refere ao pré-natal e à internação para o parto, com a finalidade de prevenir a violência obstétrica, a qual se manifesta de forma verbal, psicológica, emocional e/ou física, além dos casos de negligência e abuso de autoridade presentes nas instituições responsáveis pela promoção da saúde obstétrica. Estruturalmente, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, composta por informações retiradas de artigos, dissertações, trabalhos de conclusão de curso, mestrados e de órgãos protetores da saúde obstétrica (Ministério da Saúde, Organização Mundial da Saúde), com o fito de promover uma análise objetiva sobre o tema discutido e garantir fundamentação científica crítica sobre esses abusos e sobre os caminhos para preveni-los. Nesta revisão de literatura, ao final da pesquisa, observaram-se alguns desafios para a atuação da equipe de enfermagem, assim como impasses relacionados à disponibilidade de informações necessárias às gestantes.
La vinculación socio-productiva en universidades públicas jóvenes: un estudio de caso
Authors: Robledo Carlos Walter , Mariano Néstor Alberto
Published: September 2023

Se presenta el contexto social, económico, ambiental en el que se funda la Universidad Nacional de Chilecito y el proceso histórico, político y cultural que motivó su creación. Ubicada esta Universidad pública en la Ciudad de Chilecito –de unos 35.000 habitantes, en el Valle de Famatina, al Oeste de la Ciudad Capital de la Provincia de La Rioja. Se analiza en este trabajo el desarrollo del proceso de vinculación de la Universidad con los sectores productivos de la región, caracterizada fuertemente como un “oasis de producción frutihortícola y agregado de valor primario”. Se propone un modelo para describir, caracterizar y analizar oportunidades y desafíos que se presentaron en la vinculación de la Universidad con el medio socio-productivo, del cual se pueden concluir aprendizajes potencialmente válidos para otras universidades jóvenes, nacionales y latinoamericanas, que comparten características similares en tamaño, ubicación geográfica, distancia de los centros urbanos hegemónicos de poder regional o nacional y actividades socio-económicas productivas, entre otras dimensiones.
Desempenho da Educação Superior brasileira sob a perspectiva de indicadores de acompanhamento de trajetórias
Authors: Fritsch Rosangela , Jacobus Artur Eugênio , Romera Carlson Renato Luiz , Ferreira Vitelli Ricardo
Published: September 2023

A educação superior brasileira passa por transformação sem precedentes nas primeiras décadas do século XXI, com expansão da participação de instituições privadas com fins lucrativos e rápido crescimento da educação a distância. Assim, este estudo, de caráter quantitativo e descritivo, analisa o desempenho da educação superior no Brasil a partir de indicadores de fluxos de estudantes ingressantes em cursos de graduação em 2015 acompanhados até 2020, conforme dados produzidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira. A pesquisa revelou baixo desempenho sob o prisma dos indicadores de acompanhamento de trajetória, com elevadas taxas de desistência e baixas de permanência e conclusão, especialmente nas instituições com fins lucrativos e em cursos a distância.
Segundo Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Humanas “Actualidad de lo clásico y saberes en disputa de cara a la sociedad digital”
Authors: Lastra Karina Fabiana
Published: September 2023

Entre los días 9 y 11 de noviembre se desarrolló el Segundo Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Humanas “Actualidad de lo clásico y saberes en disputa de cara a la sociedad digital”, organizado por la Escuela de Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín. En esta segunda edición, los objetivos del encuentro propusieron reflexionar sobre la construcción colectiva del conocimiento puesto a disposición de la sociedad, a partir de la actualización de las discusiones, las tendencias, las perspectivas y las nuevas formas de pensar en el marco de los desafíos contemporáneos desde la óptica de las disciplinas humanas. La investigación en Ciencias Humanas está atravesada por problematizaciones y perspectivas disciplinares diversas que se ocupan de los procesos y prácticas que, a lo largo del tiempo y en distintos espacios, involucran tanto la producción como los procesos asociados a la distribución y la transmisión de la cultura
Tercera Campaña para la Erradicación del Racismo en la Educación Superior, Cátedra UNESCO “Educación Superior y Pueblos Indígenas y Afrodescendientes en América Latina”
Authors: Rebolledo Cortés Henry Steven , Rascke Karla Leandro , Miranda María Verónica
Published: September 2023

La Tercera Campaña fue desarrollada entre el 22 de agosto y el 29 de noviembre de 2022. Como en los casos de las anteriores, su propósito ha sido promover reflexiones, debates y acciones concretas en relación a las múltiples formas de racismo que persisten en las políticas, sistemas e instituciones de Educación Superior de América Latina, a fin de continuar la lucha para su erradicación, sumando nuevos actores de distintas IES de países de nuestra región.
Dasar Hukum Pengajuan Peninjauan Kembali yang Dilakukan Oleh Kejaksaan
Authors: Halida Malik Reni
Published: September 2023

The development of the community's need for legal renewal has given rise to many legal phenomena that have emerged at this time. One of them is the submission of legal action for Judicial Review (PK/Heirziening) which is submitted by the prosecutor, even though so far the public sees and knows that legal action for Judicial Review (PK)/Heirziening can only be submitted by the convict, his legal advisor or his heirs. This is clearly regulated in the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Law (KUHAP) that the legal action for Judicial Review (PK)/Herziening is carried out by the convict (can also be submitted through his legal advisor) or his heirs. The legal action for Judicial Review (PK)/Herziening by prosecutors has been carried out repeatedly in Indonesia , and the Chief Justice at the Supreme Court has several times granted the prosecutor's judicial review (PK)/Herziening. The formulation and historical background of the Criminal Procedure Code is clear that PK is the right of the convict or his heirs. The PK requested by the prosecutor has so far violated the regulations legislation. The Criminal Procedure Code does not at all mention that prosecutors can apply for PK, historically PK is actually given as a last resort to the convict or his heirs to change his 'fate'.
What is the effect of haptotherapy on patients with chronic pain?
Authors: Klabbers Gert A. , Vingerhoets Ad J.J.M.
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Chronic pain is a frequent problem, has a significant impact on quality of life, mood, and sick leave, and causes high direct and indirect costs. In practice, haptotherapy seems to reduce chronic pain, but this effect has not yet been scientifically evaluated. This is the first study on the impact of haptotherapy on patients with chronic pain complaints. Haptotherapy: The main aim of haptotherapy is to improve the wellbeing of patients, i.e., to reduce complaints of distress, anxiety, depression and somatization, to be achieved by increasing body awareness and self-awareness and by improving the sense of control regarding their complaints and their consequences for daily life. Participants: People aged 18 or older (N=24) with chronic pain complaints for more than six weeks. Study design: Participants were requested to complete some questionnaires before the start of the therapy and again, approximately three and five months later. These questionnaires include sociodemographic questions and a question about the intensity of the pain they felt in the previous week, the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire, the Scale of Body Connection, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure, and the Haptotherapy questionnaire. Statistical analysis: The non-parametric Friedman test of differences among repeated measures was used to compare the mean outcomes at three time points: (T1) At the start of haptotherapy, (T2) three months after the start of haptotherapy, and (T3) five months after the start of haptotherapy. Discussion: The investigation had to be abruptly terminated a few months after the start, due to the professional ban on contact professions, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, with limited data (n = 17), over time (T1, T2, T3), we have measured a statistically significant and clinically relevant reduction of distress, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and increased body awareness. Further research could reveal which improvements are most beneficial for patients with chronic pain complaints. Conclusion: One has to be careful with conclusions due to selection bias, the small number of participants, and the lack of a control group. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that haptotherapy might be a promising therapy for people with chronic pain. Further research is necessary, preferably by employing a Randomized Controlled Trial with one or more control group
Revisión Sistemática de la Violencia de Género: Factores Individuales y Contextos Sociales
Authors: Rodríguez Flores Ana María , López Medina Pedro Alejandro
Published: September 2023

La violencia de género es una problemática global que afecta a una gran cantidad de mujeres en todo el mundo. Según datos de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), alrededor del 35% de las mujeres en el mundo han experimentado algún tipo de violencia física o sexual a lo largo de su vida (ONU, 2019). Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre violencia de género es importante para conocer la investigación existente sobre el tema y para identificar áreas de investigación futura. Algunos estudios recientes han destacado la importancia de abordar tanto los factores individuales como los contextos culturales y sociales que favorecen la perpetuación de la violencia de género y han sugerido la necesidad de desarrollar intervenciones específicas para proteger la salud mental de las mujeres víctimas de violencia de género. La violencia de género tiene un impacto significativo en la sociedad y en la vida de las mujeres, por lo que es crucial seguir investigando y trabajando para abordar y reducir este problema.
Tendencias históricas en las tasas de condena: Un análisis de cambios legislativos y políticas criminales
Authors: Torres Gómez Laura Patricia , Vargas Sánchez Andrés Felipe
Published: September 2023

Este artículo presenta un estudio de revisión que tiene como objetivo analizar las tendencias históricas en las tasas de condena y su relación con cambios en la legislación y la política criminal. Se utilizó una estrategia metodológica basada en la recuperación de artículos publicados en las bases de datos Scopus, Scielo y Latindex en los últimos 5 años (desde 2016 hasta 2021) utilizando palabras clave relacionadas con el tema. Se incluyeron estudios a nivel nacional e internacional para obtener una comprensión más completa de cómo estos factores interactúan a lo largo del tiempo. Los resultados indican que cambios en la legislación y la política criminal han influido significativamente en las tasas de condena. Se encontró evidencia de que la creación de leyes más severas y el aumento en la población carcelaria han tenido un impacto en estas tasas. Además, se identificaron patrones y tendencias que pueden ser útiles para la toma de decisiones futuras en cuanto a la política criminal y la legislación.
La Responsabilidad Civil y Penal de las Empresas en Materia Ambiental.
Authors: Martínez Pérez Isabel , Ramírez González Juan Carlos
Published: September 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre la responsabilidad civil y penal de las empresas en materia ambiental en Latinoamérica. Para ello, se han consultado diversas fuentes en bases de datos como Scopus, Scielo y Latindex, y se han seleccionado artículos de revisión y originales de autores latinoamericanos relevantes que han publicado en los últimos 5 años. Los resultados muestran que existe una amplia variedad de perspectivas y enfoques sobre el tema, enfocándose en la importancia de la responsabilidad social corporativa, la aplicación efectiva de la ley y la prevención de los daños ambientales causados por las empresas en la región. Asimismo, se destacan los desafíos y oportunidades en la regulación de la responsabilidad penal y civil ambiental en América Latina. Las implicaciones prácticas de este tema incluyen la necesidad de fortalecer la capacidad de los organismos gubernamentales y las instituciones encargadas de la aplicación de la ley, así como de fomentar la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas en el sector empresarial. Sin embargo, también existen posibles limitaciones en la implementación de políticas de responsabilidad social corporativa por parte de las empresas, especialmente en sectores altamente regulados. En conclusión, la regulación y aplicación efectiva de la responsabilidad civil y penal de las empresas en materia ambiental es crucial para proteger el medio ambiente y la salud humana en Latinoamérica. Los hallazgos presentados en este trabajo resaltan la importancia de la colaboración y el compromiso de los distintos actores para lograr un desarrollo sostenible y una economía verde en la región.
La Justicia Penal Internacional y el Enjuiciamiento de Crímenes de Lesa Humanidad.
Authors: Vargas Sánchez Andrés Felipe
Published: September 2023

Este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo examinar la importancia de la justicia penal internacional y el enjuiciamiento de crímenes de lesa humanidad en América Latina. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva de artículos publicados en Scopus, Scielo y Latindex en los últimos 5 años, seleccionando tanto artículos de revisión como artículos originales. En base a esta revisión bibliográfica, se ha realizado una tabla que resume la información principal de cada uno de los artículos seleccionados, incluyendo variables como la metodología utilizada, los resultados obtenidos y las conclusiones alcanzadas sobre el tema. Asimismo, se ha presentado un análisis descriptivo de los aportes de cada autor y sus respectivos artículos en relación a la justicia penal internacional y el enjuiciamiento de crímenes de lesa humanidad en América Latina. Los resultados de este trabajo de investigación muestran la importancia de la cooperación estatal, la complementariedad y la atención a las víctimas para el éxito de la justicia penal internacional en la región. Además, se ha destacado la necesidad de abordar los desafíos específicos de la justicia penal internacional en América Latina, como la falta de cooperación estatal y la complejidad en la definición y regulación de algunos delitos. En definitiva, este trabajo de investigación contribuye a la comprensión de la justicia penal internacional y el enjuiciamiento de crímenes de lesa humanidad en América Latina, destacando la importancia de la cooperación estatal, la complementariedad y la atención a las víctimas para lograr una justicia integral en la región.
La regulación de los datos personales en línea.
Authors: Morales Mendoza Carolina , Gómez Hernández Alejandro
Published: September 2023

Este artículo de revisión se enfoca en la regulación de los datos personales en línea en América Latina. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la literatura científica más reciente y relevante sobre este tema, con el fin de identificar los avances y desafíos en la regulación de los datos personales en línea en la región. Para lograr este objetivo, se implementaron estrategias metodológicas como la revisión de bases de datos como Scopus, Scielo y Latindex, y la selección de artículos de revisión y originales que abordan el tema en cuestión. Además, se elaboraron tablas resumiendo la información principal de cada artículo seleccionado y se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los aportes de cada autor. Los principales resultados de esta revisión de la literatura muestran que la regulación de los datos personales en línea es un desafío importante para los países de América Latina, ya que requiere un equilibrio entre la protección de la privacidad y la seguridad de los usuarios en línea y el fomento de la innovación y el desarrollo de las tecnologías digitales. Además, se destaca la importancia de una regulación efectiva y adecuada, que garantice la protección de los datos personales en diferentes contextos y sectores, así como la necesidad de medidas de aplicación y cumplimiento efectivas. En resumen, este trabajo ofrece una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica más reciente sobre la regulación de los datos personales en línea en América Latina, identificando los principales avances y desafíos en este ámbito. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser de gran utilidad para investigadores, responsables políticos y reguladores, y cualquier persona interesada en el tema de la protección de datos personales en línea en la región.
La Regulación del mercado de Criptomonedas y las Implicaciones Legales y Fiscales.
Authors: Carter Isabella , Anderson Ethan
Published: September 2023

Este artículo de revisión aborda el tema de la regulación del mercado de criptomonedas y las implicaciones legales y fiscales desde una perspectiva global y latinoamericana. Se ha realizado una revisión exhaustiva de artículos publicados en Scopus, Scielo y Latindex durante los últimos 5 años, enfocándose en estudios de revisión y originales. Los estudios revisados proporcionan una visión más completa de los desafíos y oportunidades únicos que la regulación del mercado de criptomonedas y las implicaciones legales y fiscales presentan en la región. Aunque la tecnología blockchain y las criptomonedas presentan oportunidades únicas para la innovación financiera y el desarrollo económico y social, también presentan desafíos regulatorios y de seguridad que deben ser abordados adecuadamente. Los autores sugieren que los reguladores deben adoptar un enfoque equilibrado que promueva la innovación financiera y garantice la seguridad del consumidor. Además, se destaca la importancia de la implementación de políticas fiscales y de adopción efectivas para garantizar la equidad y la transparencia en el mercado de criptomonedas. En cuanto a las perspectivas latinoamericanas sobre el tema, se observa que existen diferencias y similitudes en las políticas y regulaciones de criptomonedas en la región. En general, se destaca la necesidad de una cooperación regional más efectiva en el desarrollo de soluciones de criptomonedas y en la adopción de políticas regulatorias adecuadas. En conclusión, este artículo de revisión destaca la necesidad de un marco regulatorio efectivo que equilibre la protección del consumidor y la promoción de la innovación financiera. Los reguladores y los gobiernos deben trabajar en conjunto para fomentar la adopción de soluciones de criptomonedas seguras y promover su impacto positivo en la economía y la sociedad, al mismo tiempo que garantizan la equidad y la transparencia en el mercado de criptomonedas y protegen los derechos del consumidor.
Correlación entre Ansiedad Precompetitiva y Aspectos Psicológicos del Rendimiento Deportivo en Futbolistas Profesionales Femeninas
Authors: Ríos Montes Isabella Sofía
Published: September 2023

Este estudio busca analizar la relación entre la ansiedad precompetitiva y los aspectos psicológicos vinculados al rendimiento deportivo en futbolistas profesionales femeninas. Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa y correlacional, aplicando los cuestionarios CSAI-2 de Martens (1977) para medir la ansiedad precompetitiva, y CPRD de Gimeno y otros (2007) para evaluar los aspectos psicológicos relacionados con el rendimiento deportivo. La muestra consistió en 22 futbolistas profesionales de Quito, participantes del Campeonato Nacional de Superliga femenina, con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 29 años. Los resultados del análisis de datos mediante la correlación de Pearson (r = 0.673) mostraron una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el Factor FIE2 (Influencia Evaluación) y el Factor FCE1 (Control de Estrés). Concluimos que existe una correlación significativa entre estas variables psicológicas en el deporte estudiado, respaldado por un nivel de confianza del 99% (p < 0.01). Estos hallazgos aportan una mejor comprensión de los factores psicológicos implicados en el rendimiento deportivo en futbolistas profesionales.
Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Have an Impact on Compassion Fatigue among Midwives?
Authors: YURTSAL Zeliha , GÖKSEL Emine Hilal
Published: September 2023

Professional health services have been key in the recovery of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health professionals have been in a great effort to meet the care needs of patients despite experiencing a high emotional burden for reasons such as unknown treatment of the disease, high contagiousness, changing working systems, increased workload, and the need to wear protective equipment. The unknown effects of the virus on the health of mothers and babies increased the concerns of midwives helping families in the core of society, which are the most intimate areas, regarding the risk of infection. Midwives had to manage an exhausting process similar to the one experienced by nurses, when they continued providing secondary health services such as immunization, antenatal care, and follow-ups. They are among the health professionals forced to work under highly adverse conditions, such as increased duties and responsibilities in the pandemic, and cancellation of leaves. It is reported that midwives, who are forced to work outside their field of duty due to the pandemic, are highly likely to experience compassion fatigue and to have a low level of life quality as well as professional belonging. Qualitative studies conducted with midwives working in the delivery room reported that midwives in delivery rooms experience compassion fatigue, adopt the concept of compassion fatigue, come up with their own solutions or receive psychological support to deal with compassion fatigue, and that they suggested that psychological support needs be provided by the state. As a result, many mothers and pregnant women lost their lives in this ongoing pandemic process. Alike, many health professionals lost their lives due to the epidemic. Midwives are one of these health professionals. The feeling of helplessness at the beginning of the pandemic, the unknowns about its treatment made the working conditions even more difficult. Considering these, it is reasonable to argue that midwives have been likely to experience compassion fatigue.
KNOWLEDGE LEVELS, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIORS OF PREGNANTS ABOUT PRENATAL SCREENING TESTS: A SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: KARAHAN Seher , KARADEMİR Dilay , AĞADAYI Ezgi
Published: September 2023

Aim: To determine the knowledge levels, attitudes, and behaviors of pregnant women who come to the obstetrics clinic in a university hospital about prenatal screening tests.

Method: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The population consists of approximately 900 pregnant women who are 28 weeks and beyond, who applied to …….. University Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinic between October-December 2021. The research questionnaire was applied face to face to those who agreed to participate in the study. The data form consisting of 21 questions included questions about the descriptive characteristics and obstetric histories of pregnant women.

Results: 254 people participated. The mean gestational week of the participants was 34.9±3.9 (min:28-max:41). The most common screening tests were detailed ultrasound (80.7%) and double screening tests. Those who received information from their obstetrician had a significantly higher rate of having the test. When the participants' knowledge scores about prenatal screening tests are evaluated, respectively; Detailed ultrasound knowledge score was 5.6±0.9, Double test 5.0±1.3, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test 4.8±1.1, and Triple test 4.7±1.2(min:2-max:7). When the reasons for not having prenatal screening tests were questioned, the most common answer for all screening tests was "I don't think the test is necessary". For the OGTT, the second most common reason for not having it done was because they heard from the media that the test was harmful. The fact that the pregnant women had a double and triple screening, went to regular controls and had a high double-triple test knowledge score had a significant effect. Amniocentesis was recommended for 3.5% of the pregnant women based on prenatal test results, but none of them had amniocentesis. In case of unfavorable prenatal test results, the majority of pregnant women were considering continuing the pregnancy.

Conclusion: In this study, we found that the rate of testing increased with the increasing knowledge level of pregnant women and physician counseling. In this context, health professionals should provide women with the necessary education about screening and diagnostic tests to enable them to make informed decisions.
Pathologic polyglutamine aggregation begins with a self-poisoning polymer crystal
Authors: Kandola Tej , Venkatesan Shriram , Zhang Jiahui , Lerbakken Brooklyn , Schulze Alex Von , Blanck Jillian F , Wu Jianzheng , Unruh Jay , Berry Paula , Lange Jeffrey J. , Box Andrew , Cook Malcolm , Sagui Celeste , Halfmann Randal
Published: September 2023

A long-standing goal of amyloid research has been to characterize the structural basis of the rate-determining nucleating event. However, the ephemeral nature of nucleation has made this goal unachievable with existing biochemistry, structural biology, and computational approaches. Here, we addressed that limitation for polyglutamine (polyQ), a polypeptide sequence that causes Huntington’s and other amyloid-associated neurodegenerative diseases when its length exceeds a characteristic threshold. To identify essential features of the polyQ amyloid nucleus, we used a direct intracellular reporter of self-association to quantify frequencies of amyloid appearance as a function of concentration, conformational templates, and rational polyQ sequence permutations. We found that nucleation of pathologically expanded polyQ involves segments of three glutamine (Q) residues at every other position. We demonstrate using molecular simulations that this pattern encodes a four-stranded steric zipper with interdigitated Q side chains. Once formed, the zipper poisoned its own growth by engaging naive polypeptides on orthogonal faces, in a fashion characteristic of polymer crystals with intramolecular nuclei. We further show that self-poisoning can be exploited to block amyloid formation, by genetically oligomerizing polyQ prior to nucleation. By uncovering the physical nature of the rate-limiting event for polyQ aggregation in cells, our findings elucidate the molecular etiology of polyQ diseases.
Oral supplementation of gut microbial metabolite indole-3-acetate alleviates diet-induced steatosis and inflammation in mice
Authors: Ding Yufang , Yanagi Karin , Yang Fang , Callaway Evelyn , Cheng Clint , Hensel Martha E , Menon Rani , Alaniz Robert C. , Lee Kyongbum , Jayaraman Arul
Published: September 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. There is growing evidence that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and disruption of microbiota-host interactions contribute to the pathology of NAFLD. We previously demonstrated that gut microbiota derived tryptophan metabolite indole-3-acetate (I3A) was decreased in both cecum and liver of high-fat diet-fed mice and attenuated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and TNF-a and fatty acid induced inflammatory responses in an aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) dependent manner in hepatocytes. In this study, we investigated the effect of orally administered I3A in a mouse model of diet induced NAFLD. Western diet (WD)-fed mice given sugar water (SW) with I3A showed dramatically decreased serum ALT, hepatic TG, liver steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, lobular inflammation, and hepatic production of inflammatory cytokines, compared to WD-fed mice given only SW. Metagenomic analysis show that I3A administration did not significantly modify the intestinal microbiome, suggesting that I3A’s beneficial effects likely reflect the metabolite’s direct actions on the liver. Administration of I3A partially reversed WD induced alterations of liver metabolome and proteome, notably, decreasing expression of several enzymes in hepatic lipogenesis and β- oxidation. Mechanistically, we also show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of I3A in macrophages. The potency of I3A in alleviating liver steatosis and inflammation clearly demonstrates its potential as a therapeutic modality for preventing the progression of steatosis to NASH.
The CD4 transmembrane GGXXG and juxtamembrane (C/F)CV+C motifs mediate pMHCII-specific signaling independently of CD4-Lck interactions
Authors: Lee Mark S. , Tuohy Peter J. , Kim Caleb Y. , Yost Philip P. , Lichauco Katrina , Parrish Heather L. , Doorslaer Koenraad Van , Kuhns Michael S.
Published: September 2023

CD4
+
T cell activation is driven by 5-module receptor complexes. The T cell receptor (TCR) is the receptor module that binds composite surfaces of peptide antigens embedded within MHCII molecules (pMHCII). It associates with three signaling modules (CD3γε, CD3δε, and CD3ζζ) to form TCR-CD3 complexes. CD4 is the coreceptor module. It reciprocally associates with TCR-CD3-pMHCII assemblies on the outside of a CD4
+
T cells and with the Src kinase, Lck, on the inside. Previously, we reported that the CD4 transmembrane GGXXG motif and cytoplasmic juxtamembrane (C/F)CV+C motif found in eutherian CD4 (placental mammals) have constituent residues that evolved under purifying selection. Mutating these motifs together increased CD4-Lck association but reduced CD3ζ, Zap70, and Plcγ1 phosphorylation levels, as well as IL-2 production, in response to agonist pMHCII. Because these mutants preferentially localized CD4-Lck pairs to non-raft membrane fractions, one explanation for our results was that they impaired proximal signaling by sequestering Lck away from TCR-CD3. An alternative hypothesis is that the mutations directly impacted signaling because the motifs normally play a Lck-independent role in signaling. The goal of this study was to discriminate between these possibilities. Our results indicate that: intracellular CD4-Lck interactions are not necessary for pMHCII-specific signal initiation; the GGXXG and (C/F)CV+C motifs are key determinants of CD4-mediated pMHCII-specific signal amplification; the GGXXG and (C/F)CV+C motifs exert their functions independently of direct CD4-Lck association. These data provide a mechanistic explanation for why residues within these motifs are under purifying selection, and thus functionally important for CD4
+
T cells in vivo. The results are also important to consider for biomimetic engineering of synthetic receptors.
Transformer-based spatial-temporal detection of apoptotic cell death in live-cell imaging
Authors: Pulfer Alain , Pizzagalli Diego Ulisse , Gagliardi Paolo Armando , Hinderling Lucien , Lopez Paul , Zayats Romaniya , Carrillo-Barberà Pau , Antonello Paola , Palomino-Segura Miguel , Giusti Alessandro , Thelen Marcus , Gambardella Luca Maria , Murooka Thomas T. , Pertz Olivier , Krause Rolf , Gonzalez Santiago Fernandez
Published: September 2023

Intravital microscopy has revolutionized live cell imaging by allowing the study of spatial-temporal cell dynamics in living animals. However, the complexity of the data generated by this technology has limited the development of effective computational tools to identify and quantify cell processes. Amongst them, apoptosis is a crucial form of regulated cell death involved in tissue homeostasis and host defense. Live-cell imaging enabled the study of apoptosis at the cellular level, enhancing our understanding of its spatial-temporal regulation. However, at present, no computational method can deliver label-free detection of apoptosis in microscopy time-lapses. To overcome this limitation, we developed ADeS, a deep learning-based apoptosis detection system that employs the principle of activity recognition. We trained ADeS on extensive datasets containing more than 10,000 apoptotic instances collected both
in vitro
and
in vivo
, achieving a classification accuracy above 98% and outperforming state-of-the-art solutions. ADeS is the first method capable of detecting the location and duration of multiple apoptotic events in full microscopy time-lapses, surpassing human performance in the same task. We demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of ADeS across various imaging modalities, cell types, and staining techniques. Finally, we employed ADeS to quantify cell survival
in vitro
and tissue damage
in vivo
, demonstrating its potential application in toxicity assays, treatment evaluation, and inflammatory dynamics. Our findings suggest that ADeS is a valuable tool for the accurate detection and quantification of apoptosis in live-cell imaging and, in particular, intravital microscopy data, providing insights into the complex spatial-temporal regulation of this process.
Proposta de modelo multicritério de apoio à decisão para avaliação do Projeto Básico Ambiental de pequenas centrais hidrelétricas
Authors: Bono Mariana dos Santos , Longaray André Andrade , Adamatti Diana Francisca , Siqueira Tirzah Moreira , Machado Catia Maria dos Santos , Munhoz Paulo Roberto da Silva
Published: September 2023

Condicionante para a emissão da Licença de Instalação de um empreendimento hidrelétrico, o Projeto Básico Ambiental (PBA) é um documento que delineia os programas de gerenciamento de questões socioambientais de uma obra, os quais visam minimizar ou mitigar os impactos negativos e maximizar os impactos positivos previstos com a implantação do empreendimento. Destaca-se, portanto, a relevância da realização de avaliação de desempenho potencial dos programas propostos no PBA, a fim de verificar se estes estão alinhados com as expectativas do órgão ambiental para empreendimentos desta classe. Em função disso, este estudo se propôs, a partir de uma metodologia multicritério e um estudo de caso, a desenvolver e testar uma ferramenta de avaliação de desempenho potencial que apoie os órgãos licenciadores na tomada de decisão quanto à aprovação ou não do documento em questão, com base em critérios que definem o que é relevante do ponto de vista dos órgãos licenciadores.
A Torre de Marfim nos Estudos Críticos: uma experiência de autogestão em uma universidade pública no Nordeste-BR
Authors: Moreira Fabricio Santos , Ferreira Raylaine dos Santos , Dos Santos Maria Elisabete Pereira
Published: September 2023

A partir da metáfora da Torre de Marfim, o presente artigo discute teoricamente as relações entre teoria e prática no campo dos Estudos Críticos nos Estudos Organizacionais, propondo abordar a questão através da práxis. Utilizando o método de pesquisa-ação, investiga um projeto de extensão que se organizou a partir da proposta teórica de autogestão fundamentada na proposição de Tragtemberg. Os resultados indicam que os obstáculos a práxis nos Estudos Críticos não se devem a fragilidades do modelo teórico em seu uso empírico, mas sim as relações de poder mais amplas que constituem a sociedade. Como indicação para uma agenda de pesquisa, sugere-se a investigação dos obstáculos a práxis como alternativa ao dilema da Torre de Marfim nos Estudos Críticos nos Estudos Organizacionais.
A CASE STUDY ON A COMPLEX FISTULA-IN-ANO BY AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: Verma Rahul Kumar , Yadav Suman , Yadav Ashutosh Kumar
Published: September 2023

Fistula-in-ano can be a complicated disease to manage. An anal fistula is divided into simple and complex fistula. Managing complex fistula is even more challenging, which typically affects younger people and causes persistent morbidity. It is pertinent to define complex anal fistula. From a practical point of view, a fistula that is difficult to manage has a higher risk of recurrence, poses a greater threat to continence and is classified as a complex fistula. Due to its difficulty in treating medically and surgically, Bhagandara (fistula-in-ano) is one of the eight major disorders classified under Astamahagada in Ayurveda. Ayurvedic surgeons frequently use the effective fistula treatment known as Ksharasutra; however, cutting the passage takes a very long time. As a result, this procedure is now sometimes referred to as partial fistulectomy with Ksharasutra ligation, fibrin glue, fistula plug (FP), Fistula-tract Laser Closure (FiLaC), Seton techniques, video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT), LIFT (ligation of intersphincteric fistulous tract), and IFTAK (interception of fistulous tract with application of Ksharasutra), also known as window technique, where the Guggulu based Apamarg Ksharasutra is placed. This method shortens the healing time and allows repairing such a complicated fistula-in-ano with little tissue injury. Infected anal crypt, secondary extension and related conditions are the key factors that lead to the recurrence of complex anal fistulas. Surgery in complex anal fistula aims to prevent recurrence, avoid incontinence and avoid damaging the sphincter muscles (the ring of muscles that open and close the anus).
A CASE STUDY ON DUSTAVRANA
Authors: Walishettar Mahantesh V
Published: September 2023

Background: Dusta vrana is the severe complication of untreated ulcers caused by varicose vein, Thromboangiitis Obliterans, atherosclerosis, trauma, etc. vrana with poothi gandha, vivarnata, bahu srava, maha ruja is known as dusta vrana. Such ulcers can be managed with Panchakarma chikitsa by following the bahya and abhyantara shodhana management line. Brief case report: A 75 years old male patient came with pain, swelling and ulcer over the left foot for six months with a history of trauma; he was a known case of Thromboangiitis Obliterans, having undergone amputation of 1st, 2nd, and 4th and 5th toes of left lower limb. The patient had a 60-70 % block of distal Anterior tibial artery and dorsalis pedis artery. Bahya shodhana was done by dhara with gomutra, sphatika jala panchavalkala kwatha and abhyantara shodhana by Manjistadi kshara basti in yoga basti pattern. Conclusion: Significant reduction was seen in slough and pain. The appearance of granulation tissue was observed. Sthanika dhara with gomutra, which has ushna, teekshna, and lekhana properties, removes slough and improves local circulation. Sphatika jala does lekhana and shodhana. Panchavalkala kwatha has vrana ropana property. Manjistadi kshara basti does srotoshodhana and enhances circulation by virtue of its kshareeya guna and acts as rakta prasadaka and vrana ropaka.
ROLE OF SHRUNGAVERADI TAILA NASYA AND VIDDHAKARMA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TIMIRA (SIMPLE MYOPIA): A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Radaye Nutan Ravindra , Patil Priyanka , Umale Hari
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The pace of life in today's society has grown fast, erratic, and stressful, causing visual acuity to be hampered, which can be linked to Timira described in Ayurvedic classics. Timira, characterised as an eye ailment in Ayurveda, can be correlated with refractive errors. Myopia is a type of refractive error in which distant vision is hampered and affects a considerable portion of the population today. Patients with vitiated doshas have fuzzy vision when they reach the prathama patala of the eye; this stage is marked by avyaktasdarshana (Sushruta) and animitta avyakata rupa darshana (Vagbhata). All Acharyas describe prathama patalagata Timira as a sadhya drishtigata roga. Nasya is a therapeutic modality for urdhwajatrugata vikaras, according to Vagbhata. In Sutrasthana, Sushruta describes Viddha karma as a cure for Timira. Shrungaveradi taila Nasya is recommended for the treatment of patalgata vikaras in Bhaishajya ratanavali. Case presentation: In this study, prathama patalagata Timira patients were chosen, and Nasya with Shrungaveradi taila and Viddha karma on alternate days was performed for eight days in these patients. The pilot study showed promising results.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SAPTAMRITA LAUHA: AN AYURVEDIC HERBO-MINERAL FORMULATION
Authors: Sharma Gunjan , Prasad Renu , Pant Kanchan
Published: September 2023

Saptamrita lauha is one of the herbo-mineral formulations. In Ayurveda classics, there are so many references available for Saptamrita lauha. The formulation distinctively improves eyesight and haemoglobin by its properties chaksushya (good for eyesight) and raktavardhak (haematinic). Standardization of formulation is essential in order to evaluate the quality of formulation. Making tablets from herbo-mineral drugs will aid in uniform dosage form, better palatability and easy acceptability in children. The pharmaceutical analysis method of Saptamrita lauha formulation was done according to the API and drug testing protocol of the Pharmacopoeial laboratory for Indian Medicine (PLIM). Materials and Methods: The prepared drugs were evaluated for organoleptic study, physicochemical study, pH value and microbiological studies for developing standards. Result: Due to low levels of heavy metals and lack of pathogenic bacteria, the formulation is safe for use. Conclusion: The results of pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical parameters have generated data that could be used as a fingerprint for future research. This paper presents the analytical study of the formulation.
ANTIMICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF NALPAMARADI TAILA BATH SOAP: IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Kiran Samhita M , BV Priyanka , Goud Kiran M
Published: September 2023

The procedures mentioned for skin care, as part of daily routine, are udvartana (powder massage), abhyanga (oil massage), and snana (bathing). Udvartana promotes skin health by lowering Kapha and liquefying fat. According to Bhavaprakasha, Snana removes mala and sweda and can be performed with amlaka water, which helps to reduce wrinkles and grey hairs. However, due to a hectic lifestyle and a lack of time, snana is performed with hot water, gram flour, turmeric, or, more commonly, soaps and moisturisers after bathing. In Sahasrayogatailaprakaran, Nalpamaradi taila treats itching, scabies, Visarpa (erysipelas), and Kushta (skin disease/leprosy). Nalpamaradi taila is used in this study to make soap, where studies were carried out to check its antimicrobial activity. The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, samples were taken from the volunteers from contaminated hands after washing with Nalpamaradi soap immediately and at half-hour intervals. The sample was cultured and observed, which showed a reduction in microbial growth bacteria and fungus. In phase two, Nalpamaradi taila soap was tested for its effect on C.albicans, E.coli, P.aeruginosa and S.aureus. No growth of the above microorganisms was observed after treatment with Nalpamaradi soap. The sample was cultured and observed, revealing a decrease in microbial growth bacteria and fungus. Nalpamaradi soap was tested in phase 2 for its effect on Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Following treatment with Nalpamaradi taila soap, no growth of the microorganisms above was observed. This proves the antimicrobial properties of Nalpalmaradi soap.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECT OF HARITAKI CHOORNAM WITH MADHU AND LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS ON SERUM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVEL
Authors: Thomas Sneha P. , Bhadran Sajitha , Shine Smitha Mary
Published: September 2023

The prevalence of dyslipidemia is very high in India (79%), which requires urgent intervention strategies to prevent and manage this critical cardiovascular risk factor. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of Haritaki choornam with madhu and lifestyle modification on serum total cholesterol levels. Elevated serum total cholesterol can be returned to normal by kaphamedohara, deepana, rookshana and lekhana drugs. Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.) and madhu (honey) have all the mentioned properties. A pre and post-interventional study was conducted in 60 subjects of both sexes, satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty subjects were randomly allocated to the Intervention group (Group 1) and comparison group (Group 2). The study group received 3 gm. of Haritaki choornam with 6 gm. of madhu as anupama after food in the morning and evening, along with lifestyle modifications for 45 days, while the comparison group kept on lifestyle modifications only for 45 days. On statistical analysis, the reduction in serum total cholesterol in the study group taking Haritaki choornam with madhu and lifestyle modifications is more than in the comparison group who were kept on lifestyle modifications alone. The results were analysed statistically using paired t-tests and independent t-tests within the group and between groups, respectively. The serum total cholesterol was statistically significant with a p-value.
AN ANALYSIS OF PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF KANDA TWAKA CHURNA AND PATRA CHURNA OF SHIGRU (MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM.)
Authors: Chalmela Neha , Mishra Shiromani
Published: September 2023

Moringa oleifera Lam. belongs to the Moringaceae family, popularly known as Sahijana, Shigru, Shobhanjana, Krishnagandha etc. The importance of Shigru in treatment has been mentioned in various classical texts for ages. Different parts of the drug, i.e., stem bark, leaves, seed, pods, root, etc., contain many chemical constituents that are significant in pharmacology. Pharmacognostical and phytochemical analyses are essential for proper identification and authentication of the drug. Materials and method: Shigru kanda twaka churna and Shigru patra churna were evaluated separately for pharmacognostical, physicochemical, and phytochemical studies. It also included a qualitative test for detecting protein, carbohydrate, ascorbic acid, sterols, and terpenes as per the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India (A.P.I.). Results: The correct identity and authenticity of the drug sample were confirmed by its organoleptic study, powder microscopy, and phytochemical study, comparing them with features mentioned in A.P.I., and then certified by subject experts in Govt. Drug testing laboratory, Dist. Gwalior M.P. and Institute of Pharmacy, Vikram University Ujjain M.P. Conclusion: Based on the present study, we can conclude that both the sample drugs were authentic, pure and followed standard parameters of A.P.I.