bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presenting the educational policy model of skill learning for first year high school students: with a mixed approach
Authors: Keshmiri Samaneh , Khorshidi Abbas , Araghiyeh Alireza , Barzegar Nader , Doshmanziari Esfandiar
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: Students can better understand what they have learned and prepare to build a better future. The present research was conducted to provide a model of educational policy for skill learning of first-year high school students. Methods: In terms of the applied goal, this research was exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data, and in terms of nature, in the qualitative dimension, it was a systemic (paradigm) foundation data, and in the quantitative dimension, it was a cross-sectional survey. The statistical population of the qualitative part included university professors and experts who had papers in the field of skill training, and in the quantitative part, it included all the teachers of the first year of secondary education in the central province who had a master's degree and above in the field of educational sciences, numbering 500 people. The sampling method in the qualitative part is purposeful and theoretical, and with the number of 15 experts, the theoretical saturation was reached. In the quantitative part of the sample size, 217 people were selected based on Morgan's volume determination formula. In the current research, after the open and axial coding of the measurement tool, it was sent in the form of a set form and sent to experts for selective coding and validation. Based on this, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed and distributed among the randomly selected statistical sample. Then the collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: As a result, 5 dimensions, 20 components and 118 indicators were finalized for the educational policy model of students' skill learning. Conclusion: After the final approval and prioritization of the experts, the dimensions, components and indicators of the model were drawn, and the experts again validated the said model.
The effectiveness of eating-based mindfulness training on alexithymia and self-differentiation of overweight women
Authors: Shariati Sahar , Abbasi Ghodratollah , Mirzaian Bahram
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: The prevalence of obesity and overweight is increasing at an alarming rate in Iran, which can bring various psychological consequences for obese people. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training based on eating on alexythymia and self-differentiation of overweight women. Methods: The current research design was a semi-experimental type of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population in this research included all overweight women of Gonbadkavus city who referred to overweight and obesity treatment clinics in the first half of 2021. From the statistical population of the research, a sample group consisting of 30 overweight women who were selected in a purposeful way and then randomly assigned to two experimental groups (mind-awareness training based on eating) (15 people) and control (15 people) became Then overweight women in the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes each week, one session of mindfulness training based on eating, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The tools of the research were Toronto et al.'s (2007) alexithymia questionnaires and Skowron and Friedlander's (1988) self-differentiation questionnaire. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements and spss software were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in terms of improving the difficulty of identifying emotions (F=8.16, P<0.001), the difficulty in describing emotions (F=10.83, P<0.001), and thinking. outward oriented (F=10.89, P<0.001), emotional reaction (F=78.35, P<0.001), my position (F=60.34, P<0.001), cut emotional (F=34.89, P<0.001) and mixing with others (F=79.61, P<0.001) between subjects in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that mindfulness training based on eating was effective on alexythymia and self-differentiation of overweight women and this effect continued until the follow-up period.
The effectiveness of training mothers with Barclay's behavioral approach on the dimensions of parenting and anxiety of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Yaghobiyan Roghayeh , Ghandhari Nasim
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: Not only is it important to investigate the components and factors affecting it in order to help prevent and treat this disorder in children, but it is also necessary to investigate the effectiveness of effective treatments in reducing the symptoms of this disorder. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of teaching mothers with Barclay's behavioral approach on the dimensions of parenting and anxiety of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Methods: The research method was quasiexperimental with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was all children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder who referred to the specialized children's psychiatric clinic in Gorgan city in the first ten months of 2022. The research sample was 24 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups of experimental (n=12) and control (n=12). The experimental group received Barclay Behavioral Maternal Education in 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The research instruments were the Alabama Form Parent Parenting Questionnaire (1991), and Spence Form Parent Child Scale (2001). Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance using SPSS-22 software. Results: The results showed that parent training with Barclay's approach improved parenting dimensions (parental participation, positive parenting, instability in discipline, weakness in monitoring and physical punishment) in mothers and reduced anxiety in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the research findings, the use of Barclay's parenting training can be used as an effective method to improve the parenting dimensions of mothers and the anxiety of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by modifying the parenting pattern of parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Prediction of Corona anxiety based on personality characteristics and self-discipline in vaccinated people at the vaccination center of the Prophet's (PBUH) complex
Authors: Borminejad Leila , Banisi Parinaz , Barkhordari Fatemeh , Haghani Shima , Farhadi Afshar Parnian , Jalilzadeh Mahdieh , Delfanazari Ghanbarali
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: The rapid spread and epidemic, its high mortality rate and the absence of any definite and approved treatment and medicine for Corona have caused severe disorders. The aim of the current research was to predict corona anxiety based on the personality characteristics of self-care in vaccinated people at the vaccination center. Method: The method of the current research is quantitative and has been implemented in a descriptive-correlational way, and it is practical in terms of the purpose of this research. The study population of this research is all the people who visited the vaccination center of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) Complex of West Tehran Azad University in the Fall 2021. Among these people, 400 vaccinated people who received the second dose were selected as a sample based on the amount calculated by Gpower software in a simple random manner. Personality, self-diagnosis and corona anxiety tests were taken from the subject. The data were analyzed using the statistical method SEM. Results: The results show that Corona anxiety is predicted based on personality traits and self-diagnosis. The path coefficient of neuroticism (P<0.001, β=0.419), extroversion (P=0.002, β=0.160) has a positive and significant effect on corona anxiety and flexibility (P<0.001), β=-0.23) and pleasantness (P<0.001, β=-0.332) have a significant and negative effect on Corona anxiety. Also, the path coefficient of the effect of responsibility on corona anxiety has no significant effect (P=0.464, β=0.036). The path coefficient of the effect of self-care on corona anxiety has a positive and significant effect (P<0.001, 290/ β = 0). Conclusion: During the corona virus epidemic, the media plays an active role in informing about the news and events caused by this epidemic. Therefore, these notifications will lead to high physiological stimulation and, as a result, negative emotions of people, which leads to people not being successful in regulating their emotions and increases self-morbidity. Accordingly, self-diagnosis is also associated with an increase in anxiety about Corona. Therefore, it is not far from the expectation that self-diagnosis predicts corona anxiety in vaccinated people.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Educational and Moral Orientations of Nahj al-Balagheh on Emotional Intelligence and Aggression of Students of the First Year of High School in District One of Tabriz
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Mohammad , Edrisi Farhad , Saini Mohammad Hossein , Zanjani Hossein Morad
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: Today, emotional intelligence is one of the important subjects in the education of students to increase various skills throughout their life. Also, aggression is one of the significant issues of the experts that paying attention to these two issues in the course of students' curriculum can have positive effects. Based on this, the main goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of educational and moral orientations (components) of Nahj al Balagha on reducing students' aggression. Methods: The current research method was quasiexperimental with pre-test and post-test and with a control group. The project was implemented in the framework of a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test and with a control group. The target population is all the male students of the first year of high school in one district of Tabriz in the academic year 2016- 2017, who were selected by cluster sampling method and 30 students were randomly divided into two experimental (15) and control (15) groups. were replaced and the aggression questionnaire of Bass and Perry (1992) was obtained from both groups. Then, the experimental group was subjected to the intervention of the independent variable "educational and moral components" for 10 sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. After the end of the intervention, a post-test of aggression was performed in both groups to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variables of "emotional intelligence, aggression". Data were described and analyzed using standard deviation, mean and covariance analysis. Results: The findings showed that teaching the educational and moral components of Nahj al-Balagha has an effect on reducing students' aggression and the level of aggression decreases significantly. The calculated F was (72.47) and the significance level was p<0.05. Also, the applicability of using Nahj al-Balagha concepts in schools and other educational centers in order to reduce the aggression of secondary school students had a significant effect. The calculated F was (38.45) and the significance level was p<0.05. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that using the educational and moral orientations of Nahj al-Balagha is effective on the emotional intelligence and aggression of students, and therefore lesson planners and schools can use these orientations in their education.
The Predictive Role of Parents' Marital Relationship Quality on The Adolescents' Psychological Capital
Authors: Saadati Nadereh , Parsakia Kamdin
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: Family problems are considered an essential problem for children's growth and this tension often plays a role in children's lives. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the predictive role of the quality of parents' marital relationship on the psychological capital of adolescents. Methods: The current research is considered applied research in terms of its purpose. This research is a descriptive-correlation study investigating the relationship between two variables. The statistical population of the present study included couples referring to 15 counseling centers and their teenage children in Tehran and Isfahan in 2022. Therefore, 150 couples with children aged 13 to 17 were selected in a targeted way. Then, couples responded to Busby et al.'s Marital Relationship Quality Questionnaire (1995) and children responded to Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007). The final sample size was 520 people, which included 150 couples (300 people) and 220 of their teenage children. Results: The regression analysis showed that the marital relationship quality variable can significantly predict psychological capital. Considering that the value of R2 = 0.388 was obtained, it can be concluded that the quality of the parents' marital relationship predicts about 39% of the children's psychological capital. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the quality of parents' marital relationship can have significant psychological effects on children.
The effectiveness of positive psychological capital training on health-enhancing lifestyle and rumination in depressed adolescent girls
Authors: Tahvilian Farahnaz , Mashayekh Maryam , Borjali Ahmad , Kraskian Adis
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: The positive approach emphasizes the ability to expand, nurture, flourish, and perfect human beings and become what they can be, and instead of focusing on diseases and disorders, it emphasizes on abilities. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of positive psychological capital on health-promoting lifestyle and rumination in depressed adolescent girls. Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of method with a pretest, post-test design with a control group; The statistical population of this research was the female students of middle school 1 and 2 in Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019. By the available sampling method, using the Health Development Lifestyle Questionnaire (1997) and Nolen Hoeksma's rumination, 30 depressed adolescent girls were selected and randomly placed in two experimental groups (15 girls) and group (15 girls). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes as a group intervention based on Luthans and Youssef's (2004) positive psychological capital training. Data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate oneway analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that positive psychological capital intervention is effective on healthy lifestyle and rumination. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the eight sessions of positive psychological capital have been able to significantly improve the health-developing lifestyle of adolescents; Although it was not very effective in the field of rumination. Due to the effectiveness of this treatment method, its widespread use is recommended.
Development of a suicidal tendency model in borderline personality disorder patients based on perceived burden and suicidal acquisition capacity through pessimistic attribution style
Authors: Khandaghi Khameneh Zahra , Zargham Hajebi Majid , Jalali Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: Borderline personality disorder is specifically separated from other mental disorders by its emphasis on successful suicide, non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors, and suicidal behavior as a diagnostic criterion. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a model for suicide tendency in individuals with borderline personality disorder based on perceived burdensomeness and acquired capability for suicide through the use of deceitful documents. Methods: The research method was of correlation type with structural relationship path analysis plan, or modeling. The statistical population of the current study included all female and male adults aged 18 to 40 who referred to the psychiatric department of hospitals and psychiatric offices in Tehran during the year 2021, who received a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and had a history of attempted suicide, suicidal tendencies, and There were suicidal thoughts. Sample get the method It was done purposefully through the screening of patients. The sample size was equal to 500 people, which was chosen according to Kline's theory to design structural equations. In this research, Beck's (1961) suicidal ideation questionnaires, suicidal behavior capacity (revised) by Osman et al. (2001), and Patterson et al.'s (1981) documentary styles and perceived burden with Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) were measured. Data analysis in SPSS software AMOS It was done using the structural equation modeling method. Results: The results showed that the proposed research model had an acceptable fit. Therefore, the research model based on modeling the relationship between perceived burden and the acquired capacity of suicide with the desire to commit suicide through pessimistic attribution style was confirmed by using structural equation analysis. Also, the secondary results showed that there is a significant correlation between the predictor variables of the research with the tendency to commit suicide. In this way, the effect of perceived burden and acquired capacity of suicide with pessimistic attribution style was 0.25 and 0.30 respectively, which increased to 0.46 due to the facilitating role of pessimistic attribution style. Conclusion: Based on this, it can be concluded that the positive effect of the perceived burden and the acquired capacity of suicide on the desire to commit suicide is increased and facilitated by the style of pessimistic attributions. According to this result, the mediating role of pessimistic attributional style to facilitate the positive effect of predictor variables (perceived burden, and acquired suicidal capacity) on suicidal tendency in patients with borderline personality disorder was confirmed. This result indicates the possibility of combining Abramson's cognitive theory and Joyner's interpersonal relationships in explaining suicidal tendencies.
The relationship between obsession and addiction relapse with the mediation of sensation seeking in methamphetamine dependent patients
Authors: Barati Amirmohammad , Safarzadeh Sirzar Roghayeh , Pakroyan Nadia , Salehi Fatemeh
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: In addition to the direct effect on the body, substance abuse causes psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, social and economic pressures. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between obsession and addiction relapse with the mediation of sensation seeking in self-reported addicts. Methods: The current research design was descriptive and correlational research design of the structural equation model type. The statistical population of the present study was all the methamphetamine addicted patients who were in the process of withdrawal who referred to the substance abuse treatment centers of Tehran city in 2022, out of which 250 people were selected by available sampling method. And they responded to Wright's (1993) Addiction Recurrence Questionnaire, Hodgson and Rachman's (1977) Thought-Practice Obsession and Marvin Zuckerman's (1978) Sensation Seeking Questionnaires. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method and Lisrel 8.80 software. Results: The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between obsessive thoughts, excitement seeking and addiction relapse (P<0.01). Also, sensation seeking plays a mediating role in the relationship between obsessive thoughts and addiction relapse (P<0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that sensation seeking plays a mediating role in the relationship between obsessive thoughts and addiction relapse.
Supporting the parent in a crisis situation related to their child’s addiction to modern media
Authors: Rajewska de Mezer Joanna Katarzyna
Published: January 2024

Wprowadzenie. Współcześnie pozyskujemy informacje z Internetu za pomocą różnych mediów mając do czynienia z obecnością coraz nowocześniejszych środków komunikacji, od komputerów i tabletów po telefony komórkowe (Seweryn, 2008). Ilość czasu spędzanego
w kontakcie ze współczesnymi mediami prowadzi do ryzyka rozwoju uzależnienia behawioralnego. Uzależnienie to coraz częściej dotyka młodych ludzi. Uzależnienie od nowych mediów powoduje zaburzenie funkcjonowania całej rodziny i wymaga wsparcia dla uzależnionego
dziecka/młodego człowieka i jego rodziny w ramach interwencji kryzysowej. Cel. Celem pracy jest ukazanie wsparcia rodziny, rodzica i ich dzieci w sytuacji kryzysowej związanej z uzależnieniem od współczesnych mediów rozumianych jako smartfon, tablet oraz zbadanie możliwości podjęcia działań wspierających i wspomagających w formie interwencji kryzysowej. Metody i materiały. Analizie poddano publikacje, dane statystyczne oraz akty prawne regulujące problem uzależnienia młodzież i dzieci od nowoczesnych mediów oraz ukazujące
problem kryzysu, działań z zakresu interwencji kryzysowej w rozwiązaniu problemu w tym przypadku uzależnienia. Analizowano również publikacje naukowe, akty prawne oraz orzecznictwo dotyczące form pomocy i wsparcia rodziny objętej kryzysem wynikającym z uzależnienia dziecka oraz współtowarzyszących temu uzależnieniu problemów wychowawczych, zdrowotnych i społecznych, relacyjnych, edukacyjnych i innych. Wyniki. Badania wskazują, że alarmująco wzrasta liczba dzieci, młodych ludzi potrzebujących wsparcia w kwestii uzależnienia od współczesnych mediów (Chaudron 2015, Dresp-Langley 2020). Skutki uzależnienia generujące kryzys w rodzinie wymagają zewnętrznej
interwencji wspierającej w postaci interwencji kryzysowej, zapewnienia poradnictwa psychologicznego, prawnego, medycznego i pedagogicznego. Odpowiednie wsparcie rodziny pozwala na wspólne, oparte na konsensusie, alternatywne rozwiązanie problemu uzależnienia od nowoczesnych mediów.
Well-being in interpersonal relationships. Sociocultural context
Authors: Ściupider- Młodkowska Mirosława Barbara
Published: January 2024

Cel. Próba krytycznej analizy wokół pytań: Jakie socjokulturowe procesy prowadzą do destrukcji więzi i relacji? Czy działania związane z dominującą logiką rozumowania instrumentalnego, czyli samodoskonalenie, samorozwój, samozadowolenie, prymat zysków i strat, zmieniają kompetencje społeczno-emocjonalne podmiotów i uniemożliwiają życie we wspólnocie i dobrostanie? Materiały i metody. Całość rozważań osadzono w krytycznej analizie dyskursu, której głównym zadaniem było obalenie mitu o dobrostanie rozumianym wyłącznie jako (dobro) byt i dbanie tylko o siebie, a zaniedbywanie dobra wspólnego. Wykorzystano wybrane badania i analizy dotyczące kulturowego narcyzmu. Wnioski. Satysfakcjonujące i trwałe relacje społeczne są priorytetem i warunkiem trwania wspólnoty. Dziś poprzez proces indywidualizacji i narastanie narcyzmu kulturowego tewięzi są znacznie osłabione, wymagają wyobraźni współczującej (o której pisała Martha
Nussbaum) (Nussbaum, 2016) oraz interwencji pedagogicznej w rozwijaniu orientacji allocentrycznej, sprzeciwiającej się instrumentalizmowi, obojętności i cynizmowi. Obserwowany zanik kompetencji społeczno-emocjonalnych związanych z empatią w znacznej mierze koreluje z determinantami kulturowymi, w tym z przewagą logiki rozumu instrumentalnego nad moralnym i podmiotowym. Cyfrowy dystans, nastawienie na sukces, dominacja zachowań egocentrycznych wychładzają emocjonalność i ogólną wrażliwość społeczną, co z kolei bezpośrednio wpływa na osamotnienie, zagubienie i brak dobrostanu w relacjach.
Registration of a High Rhizome and High Curcuminoid Yielding Variety of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L) CIM-Pitamber
Authors:   CSIR–Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, UP- 226015, India, GUPTA AK , MISHRA R , SAIKIA D , SHANKER K , NEGI AS , TANDON S , KALRA A , LAL RK , DHAWAN OP , SHASANY AK , ZAIM M , KUMAR S , TOMAR VKS , SRIVASTAVA A , UJAGIR R , KHWAJA S
Published: January 2024

Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as turmeric, is not only one of the most popular spices for Indian cuisines, is also one of the most valuable medicinal plants of traditional systems of Indian medicine due to its numerous preventive and curative effects. The pharmaceutical importance of turmeric is due to the presence of linear diarylheptanoidal phenolic molecules that are collectively called as curcuminoids like curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. These compounds are credited with anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, anti-oxidant, anti-parasitic, anti-spasmodic, antimicrobial, anti-rheumatic, anti-aging and anti-cancer properties. Extensive R&D efforts made during last eight years at CSIR-CIMAP have resulted in the identification of superior clones that can yield more than 50 tons of rhizomes/ha containing more than 10% content of curcuminoids. One such clone rechristened as CIM-Pitambar has been identified, that can produce 60-65 tons rhizomes/ha containing 12.5% curcuminoids in a relatively short span of 180-190 days. This variety has been developed using the method of cloline breeding approach. Among 130 germplasm accessions/clones collected from different parts of India, single plants/clone selection was performed. This variety is also tolerant to leaf blotch disease of turmeric. This variety provides more than 54% higher rhizomes with 92% more curcuminoids, yielding around 165% more curcuminoids/ha than the cultivar IISR Pratibha, Which is the most commonly cultivated variety in North Indian plains. The introduction of CIM-Pitamber in cultivation will enable farmers to double their yield and profits per unit area, and thus will significantly improve the livelihood of poor farmers.
Ribavirin Induced Anemia among Patients with Hepatitis-C at Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Zulfiqar Ali Shaikh  , Javeria Shamim  , Akmal Khurshid Bhatti
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Hepatitis C is among one of the major global health issues; which may cause chronic liver disease, end stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma; subsequently requiring liver transplant. For HCV, standard treatment is a combination therapy of ribavirin and interferon for six months. Ribavirin fostered hemolysis is a major treatment-associated adverse effect.Objective: To assess ribavirin induced anemia among Hepatitis C patients visiting Civil Hospital, Karachi (CHK).Methodology: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to January 2018. 106 Hepatitis C patients; through non-probability convenient sampling technique; visiting CHK, a public sector tertiary care hospital were enrolled. Results: Among106 patients, 53 (50.0%) were males and 53 (50.0%) were females. Mean ±SD age was 37.05 ±10.793. Mean ±SD duration of ribavirin use was 3.03 ±1.523 months. Around 16.0% had ribavirin dose reduction. All of them experienced weakness, fatigue and light-headedness, 59.4% developed microcytic hypochromic anemia, 23.6% had severe anemia. Mean ±SD hemoglobin (g/dL) level before the onset of treatment was 12.78 ±1.555. Mean hemoglobin level during treatment was 10.72g/dL. Mean reduction in hemoglobin levels was 2.07g/dL. The reduction in hemoglobin levels and the duration of therapy were correlated (p-value <0.05). The severity of anemia was related to age of the patients (p-value <0.05) but not with gender and morphology of red blood cell.Conclusion: Ribavirin induces anemia, its severity is related to the duration of ribavirin therapy and initial hemoglobin levels. It is sometime severe enough to warrant dose reduction and consequently suboptimal dose of ribavirin affect efficacy.

Key Words: Hepatitis C, Ribavirin, Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia.
Prevalence of Xerostomia in Diabetes Mellitus at lower Sindh.
Authors: Shah Sana , Shah Mahrukh , Kafil Nighat , Madiha Shah  , Shah Shaheen , Abid Laghari
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Xerostomia is a common problem in apparently normal as well as in ill individuals. Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder in which Xerostomia is complained frequently. Xerostomia contributes to altered eating habits and increase risk of dental caries and oral infection if there is inadequate blood glucose control. Factors affecting Xerostomia includes socioeconomic and medical condition, includes uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, presence of peripheral neuropathy, use of medications, gender and age.

Objective: To document the prevalence of Xerostomia among diabetic patients.

Methodology: This prospective, cross sectional study was conducted on known cases of Diabetes mellitus attending medical OPD at Muhammad Medical College, Mirpurkhas Sindh from March 2017 to August 2017. During this period 100 patients were included according to inclusion criteria. Demographic details were recorded. Fox questionnaire was filled in, the data collected was analyzed by SPSS version 22, and presented as number and percentage.

Result:  Among100 patients; 37% were xerostomic and 63% were non xerostomic, age range of xerostomic was 50 ±7years and non xerostomic was 35 ±11 years. 21 females had Xerostomia and 29 had no Xerostomia .16 males were xerostomic, and 34 males were non xerostomic. Among xerostomic patients 15 were insulin dependent and 21 were non-insulin dependent. Where as in non xerostomic 22 were insulin dependent and 42 were non-insulin dependent. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 10 ±5 years in Xerostomic and it was 8 ±3 years in non xerostomic diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion: Xerostomia is common in elderly diabetics and in females and is dependent on glycemic control and duration of diabetes.

Key words: Xerostomia, Diabetes mellitus, Elderly and Duration of Diabetes Mellitus.
An observational study on congenital talipes equinovarus.
Authors: Pushpa Goswami  , Farhana Rajar  , Muhammad Imran Rathore  , Nayab Qazi  , Bibi Rabia
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Clubfoot or Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV) is a congenital ab-normality characterized by the permanent foot morphological alteration, conse-quently individual is unable to lean the foot properly on the floor in an appropriate physiological manner.Objective: To execute an observational study on Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV) in the Orthopedic Department of Indus Medical College Hospital, Tando Mu-hammad Khan.Methodology: Study conducted from Jan 2018 to Jan 2019 at Orthopedic Depart-ment of Indus Medical College Hospital, Tando Muhamad Khan. Medial Crease (MC), Curved Lateral Border (CLB), and Lateral Head of Talus (LHT) assessed based on the Mid Foot Contracture Score (MFCS). Also, an assessment of the Posterior Crease (PC), Empty Heel (EH) and Right Equinus (RE) made as part of the Hind-foot Contracture Score (HFCS). Data collected from 100 participants through conven-ience sampling technique and quantitative analysis performed.Results: Of all participants, Pirani score was calculated from 0 to 1. Scoring is based on the average values. It has been found that the incidence of curved lateral border was 30%, medial crease as 55% and lateral head of talus as 15%. Additionally, it has been found that the empty heel incidence is 35%, posterior crease is 60% and rigid Equinus as 15%. These results reveal that there is a high incidence of CTAV in the given sample.Conclusion: The study revealed that the exact cause (s) of CTEV are still unknown.

Keywords: Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV), Pirani score, Pediatric Orthope-dic
Hazard of pesticides on the hearing of farmers.
Authors: Syed Farhhan Uddin  , Habib Ur Rehman Chohan  , Naushaba Rizwan  , Kiran Waheed
Published: January 2024

Introduction: As the population of world is increasing there is increased use of pes-ticides to enhance the crop production. Farmers are trying different types of chemi-cals to kill harmful germs, but they are exposing themselves to different hazards. Throughout the world insecticides are used to kill insects that harm crops. These insecticides are usually neurotoxic. They have a lethal effect on the nervous trans-mission. Peoples who are exposed to these poisons are also at great risk of neuro-toxic effects .Objective: To study the effects of pesticides on the hearing of the farmers. It was a retrospective and descriptive type of study which was conducted in the department of physiology in association with department of ENT.Methodology: This retrospective study done between Mar 2019 to Aug 2019 at ENT department of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. 100 subjects (50 study group having exposure to pesticides for at least five years, while 50 subjects as controls having no history of exposure to pesticides during last 5 years) were selected. The selected participants were subjected to a detailed otoscopic examination and if no other cause e.g. conductive deafness was found, the selection was finalized. The finalized participants were undergone through a comprehensive audiometric evalu-ation.Results: showed pesticide damages the hearing (P= .003). There was no link be-tween the age of farmers and hearing loss (1.00). It was found that as the duration of exposure increased the intensity of hearing loss increased (.001). It was also de-tected that that hearing loss was more frequent in nonprofessional than in profes-sionals (.001).Conclusion: This study revealed that pesticide affects sense of hearing in humans.

Keywords: Pesticide, hearing loss, Farmers.
Evaluating the status of vitamin 25(OH) D levels among females of all age groups in Karachi, Pakistan.
Authors: Farrukh AbbuHazim  , Urooj Ishrat  , Tehseen Fatima  , Neha Baqai  , Rafat Amin
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Vitamin D plays an important role in growth, metabolism and reproduction. Deficiency of this vitamin is highly prevalent globally and leads to various disorders besides different skeletal deformities. Women of different reproductive ages are at higher risk of developing bone diseases because of low vitamin D levels.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiencies in females of different ages in Karachi, Pakistan

Methodology: A retrospective investigation of vitamin D levels during a six month period at the Clinical Lab, Al-Khidmat Diagnostic Center, Karachi; Pakistan was performed.  Serum vitamin 25(OH) D levels of 1035 female were measured by Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 16.

Results: Among 1035 participants of different reproductive ages, 26.1% (n= 270) showed severe vitamin D deficiency, 44.3% (n=458) displayed mild to moderate Vitamin D deficiency while 29.7% (n=307) were having normal levels of serum vitamin D.

Results: The data of 1035 subjects was examined and the mean serum vitamin 25(OH) D levels of the studied subjects were found as 21.04±14.13 with the minimum and maximum range of 4.97ng/ml to 70.71ng/ml

Conclusion: 70.4 % of our studied population had lower levels of vitamin D representing that the majority of Pakistani womenfolk have vitamin D Deficiency.

Keywords: Vitamin 25 (OH) D levels, Female population, Karachi.
Uterine Perforation Due To Unsafe Abortion: A Case Report.
Authors: Yasmeen Khooharo  , Sehar Iqbal  , Misbah Mahmood
Published: January 2024

Introduction: An unsafe abortion is defined as a procedure for terminating an unintended pregnancy carried out either by a person lacking the necessary skills or in an environment that does not conform to minimal medical standards or both. Majority of these unsafe abortions are carried out in under developing countries, usually by unskilled persons who do not have proper knowledge of the anatomy of reproductive organs and in unhygienic environments thus leading to various complications.

Case: We discuss the case of a 40 year old female who presented in septic shock after she underwent an unsafe abortion of 14th weeks pregnancy with uterine wall perforation and bowel injury that required resection.

Conclusion: Unsafe abortion is an important public health problem which accounts for a significant cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in resource poor countries.

Keywords: Unsafe abortion, Uterine perforation, Intestinal obstruction.
Diagnostic yield of FNAC: Our Experience
Authors: Bhawani Shanker  , Saleha Masood  , Noshaba Rahat  , Rajesh  , Abdul Majid  , Rafia Siddiqui
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is currently recommended as first line investigation in suspected malignancy as it provide useful information to plan surgery. FNAC is the most cost-effective method of obtaining a morphological diagnosis and prognostic purpose of superficial and deep-seated lesion throughout body and also as less expensive than diagnostic surgery.

Objective: To document diagnostic yield of FNAC at Mirpurkhas.

Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted between 1st January 2019 to August 2020 at My Diagnostic Laboratory Mirpurkhas city. A total of 162 patients with the mostly swelling of head and neck and Breast underwent Fine needle aspiration procedure was performed. Tuberculosis suspected was additional sample was sent for slides were also stained with Ziehl Neelsen (Z.N) methods to detected acid fast bacilli (AFB) directly.

Results: In our series 162 cases were analyzed that had underwent FNAC. In 29.62% cases, finding was cystic & mesenchymal lesion, followed by granulomatous inflammation in 28.22% cases. In 20.37% cases lesion diagnosed as malignant.  

Conclusion: Tuberculosis is found as most common cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. Breast malignant lesion particularly in young patient can also be diagnosed with reasonable accuracy.
Trends of expenditure on Immunization in Pakistan since 2000.
Authors: Hanna Khair Tunio  , Aftab Ahmed  , Faiqa Memon  , Syed Mohammad Maqsood  , Shahid Kamran  , Muneer Saqid
Published: January 2024

World health organization started Expanded Program on Immunization in 1974. At that time only 5% of the children were covered globally in the first year on pro-gram. In Pakistan 16.34% of the total population is under five years’ children. In 2000 Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI) was introduced in Paki-stan. Since 2000 by the finance and HR support from GAVI, additional 370 million children have been vaccinated from deadly disease. It has been noticed that the expenditure on immunization remained inconsistent over the time period. Since 2000 the massive change is seen in the pattern of expenditure on immunization both routine and campaigns to meet the goals. In Pakistan, expenditure on immun-ization has reached to $240 million annually but still the fully immunized children are between 43-62% of all the under-five population of the country. Immunization services needed to be on time and efficiently provided to the communities. The growth in fiscal gap and need for expenditure competition in financing, has subju-gated policymaking. There is a need for reviewing the current policies for budgeting immunization program and needful risk assessment will support future financial crisis.Key Words: Immunization, Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization,Extended Program of Immunization,
Awareness of sleep hygiene in medical students of Kara-chi: A cross sectional study.
Authors: Zeba Saeed  , Maqsood S.M.  , Riaz Ahmed Bhutto  , Abdullah  , Umer Tariq  , Mamoona Riaz
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Sleep, a neurobiological phenomenon, is very essential component for the behaviours of human beings. Sleep Hygiene is essentially a term which is used to understand lifestyle and environmental factors that influence sleep. A stu-dent when get admission in a university, it’s a turning point in his/her life as previ-ous routine is dramatically altered. This is more so if a student enters a medical college or university. While studying medicine the syllabus, timetables, duties, shifts are all manifold and hence it changes the complete environment and lifestyle of nearly all students. This in turn leads to drastic change in the pattern of sleep hygiene.Objective: This study was conducted to assess the awareness of sleep hygiene among medical students.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March –August 2019. The approval of study sought from Ethical Review committee of Isra University. A self- administered questionnaire used to collect data after student’s verbal consent and ensuring their anonymity. Using convenient sampling technique 467 medical students were studied including those from 1st year to 5th year students. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.Results: Showed that 59.5% of the students have not heard about sleep hygiene, 31.5% have heard it and 9% of them were not sure about it.77% of participants use social media, 72% takes shower and 63% of the students wash their face before going to the bed.Conclusion: We concluded that majority of the medical students are unaware of Sleep Hygiene and a large portion of them uses social media before going to bed.Key Words: Sleep Hygiene, medical students, awareness.
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and role of GINSENG as a Prevention and Control.
Authors: Rabia Rehan  , Fauzia Imtiaz  , Sahar Mubeen  , Mahrukh Kamran  , Qamarunnisa
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most challenging diseases of this era. Improper dietary habits and sedentary life style are considered as the foundation stone for metabolic disorders including diabetes. Intake of large amount of animal fat leads to insulin resistance (IR) and oxygen radical formation.IR leads to increase glucose level in blood resulting in diabetes mellitus.Objectives: This experimental study was intended to correlate high fat diet re-sulting in weight gain to diabetes and emphasized the role of ginsenoside in reduc-ing body weight and blood glucose level by both increasing insulin secretion as well as increasing the sensitivity of insulin receptors.Methodology: This is an experiment study on animal model, conducted at DUHS during the year 2017. It comprises of 50 male Albino Wister rats. They were divided into 5 groups for study purpose. Group1 was put on normal balanced diet and serve as control, while other 4 groups were treated with different diet. The ani-mals were sacrificed after 12 weeks; blood sugar was monitored weekly for 12 weeks and finally at the end of experiment, there blood sugar level were estimated. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 16, using ANOVA test to evaluate the significance among groups. P-Value < 0.05 was considered as significant.Results: The collected data was interpreted as Mean ± S.D. The results revealed that high fat diet increases blood glucose level, remarkably increase body weight as well as liver weight. By the administration of ginseng root extract significant de-crease in body weight, liver weight and blood glucose levels was observed in dose dependent manner.Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that high fat diet (HFD) is a major cause of metabolic syndrome including diabetes. It can be prevented by changing life style and introducing ginseng as anti-diabetic agent in obese.Key Words: Diabetic mellitus, body weight, Ginsenoside
The frequency and Risk Factors of Re-amputation in Diabetic Foot Disease at a tertiary care hospital.
Authors: Imrana Zulfikar  , Rutaba Alam  , Erum kazim  , Jawad Azeem Khan  , Junaid Zaman  , Mahmood A Khan
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes in Pakistan is 11.7% and the preva-lence of diabetic foot in Pakistan is 13.9% with amputation rate of as high as 48%. Re-amputation carries significant morbidity in form of economic im-pact. Like most re-operations, it reflects failure of previous surgery and thus translates into wastage of resources.Objective: To determine the frequency and associated risk factors of re-amputation, in patients who undergo amputation secondary to diabetic foot syndrome in our population.Methodology: This study was conducted at the Department of Surgery De-partment of Surgery, and Diabetic Clinic Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, from August 2020 to July 2021, after approval of ethical review board. We enrolled a total of 125 patients in our study. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Mean ±SD/ Median (IQR) was computed for age, HbA1C, duration of diabetes, duration of symptoms leading to amputation, ulcer size, ankle-brachial index and duration of re-amputation. Frequency and percentage were computed for all the categorical variables like gender, co-morbid, type of diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, morphology of diabetic foot ulcer, indication of amputation, peripheral arterial disease, level of am-putation, indication of re-amputation, and level of re-amputation.Result: Among enrolled 125 patients, 85 patients (68%) were male and 40 patients (32%) were females. Mean age was 48.75 ±9.702years. Mean dura-tion of diabetes was 11.12 ±6.64 years and mean HbA1C was 8.246 ±1.1357. During study period 61(48.8%) patients required re-amputation. Mean ABPI in patient requiring re amputation is 0.790 ±0.2501(p=0.000).Conclusion: Patients at risk of re-amputation may be identify by focusing upon good evaluation that includes assessing additional risk factors and deciding initial level of amputation. It is important to have enhance in-formed consent in avoiding the morbidity of additional surgery.Key words: Diabetic foot disease. Amputation, Re amputation.
Assessment of risk factors associated with malocclusion among children visiting dental teaching hospital in Islamabad.
Authors: Muhammad Naeem  , Atta Ur Rehman  , Ume Hani
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Malocclusion was declared as a third priority prevailing oral health problem by World Health Organization. A timely evaluation of the factors associated with malocclusions in the primary dentition could help in the prevention and better management of occlusion-related complications.

Objectives: This survey explored the frequency of risk factors in association with nonnutritive and oral contributors among children.

Methodology: A pre-validated questionnaire used for this cross-sectional study conducted between October 2019 to December 2019. The study participants were children of age 10 to 16 years visiting orthodontics department of a private dental hospital in Islamabad. Convenience sampling was applied to collect data. Statistically investigation was analyzed through SPSS software version 21. Descriptive analysis involved presentation of frequency and percentages whereas inferential analysis involved chi square association test of demographics with malocclusion risk factors.

Results: Majority of the surveyed children brush teeth once daily. Mixed method of horizontal as well as vertical style of brushing was utilized by 50.5% of the study participants. The hereditary factor from siblings was most frequently reported factor of malocclusion in current investigation. The results also indicate presence of significant association between class I, class II and class III of dental malocclusion and nonnutritive and oral habits among children (P <0.05).

Conclusion: Desire This investigation concluded that gender, age and bad oral habits are strongly associated with malocclusion of teeth. Proper attention from parents for tooth care at early age can decrease the prevalence of malocclusion.

Keywords: Dental malocclusion, oral habits, nonnutritive habits, children.