bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing digital detection platforms in high sensitivity immune‐phenotyping of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Frigerio Roberto , Musicò Angelo , Strada Alessandro , Bergamaschi Greta , Panella Stefano , Grange Cristina , Marelli Marcello , Ferretti Anna M. , Andriolo Gabriella , Bussolati Benedetta , Barile Lucio , Chiari Marcella , Gori Alessandro , Cretich Marina
Published: August 2022

Despite their clinical potential, Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) struggle to take the scene as a preeminent source of biomarkers in liquid biopsy. Limitations in the use of EVs origin from their inherent complexity and heterogeneity and from the sensitivity demand in detecting low to very low abundant disease‐specific sub‐populations. Such need can be met by digital detection, namely capable to reach the single‐molecule sensitivity. Here we set to compare, side by side, two digital detection platforms that have recently gained increasing importance in the field of EVs. The platforms, both commercially available, are based on the principles of the Single Particle Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensing (SP‐IRIS) and the Single Molecule Array technology (SiMoA) respectively. Sensitivity in immune‐phenotyping of a well characterized EV sample is reported, discussing possible applicative implications and rationales for alternative or complementary use of the two platforms in biomarker discovery or validation.
Maximum diameter of 3‐ and 4‐colorable graphs
Authors: Czabarka Éva , Smith Stephen J. , Székely László
Published: August 2022

Erdős et al. made conjectures for the maximum diameter of connected graphs without a complete subgraph , which have order and minimum degree . Settling a weaker version of a problem, by strengthening the ‐free condition to ‐colorable, we solve the problem for and using a unified linear programming duality approach. The case is a substantial simplification of the result of Czabarka et al.
Imidazo[1,2,4]triazolone and fused imidazo[1,2,4]triazolone derivatives: Synthesis, in vitro anticancer screening, CDK2 inhibitory activity, and molecular modeling studies
Authors: El Rabeeb Shaimaa I. , El Deeb Moshira A. , Sarg Marwa T. , Hassan Aisha Y.
Published: August 2022

In continuation of our program for synthesizing novel imidazotriazole scaffolds, we report herein the synthesis of new fifteen substituted and fused imidazotriazole derivatives via different addition and cyclocondensation pathways. Thirteen compounds have been tested for their antiproliferative activity against 60 NCI cell lines. Compounds 3, 15 and 17 were the most active among the synthesized series. Imidazo[2,1‐c][1,2,4]triazolone derivative 3 showed high activity against leukemia K‐562 (51.00%), RPMI‐8226 (68.36%) and breast cancer MCF‐7 (56.76%) cell lines. While compound 15 exhibited high potency against colon cancer HCT‐15 (59.33%), CNS cancer SNB‐75 (57.06%) and renal cancer UO‐31 (50.5%) cell lines. Bis[1,2,4]triazolopurin‐7‐one derivative 17 showed strong activity against CNS cancer SNB‐75 cell line (54.32%). Compounds 3, 15 and 17 were evaluated through molecular modeling and docking techniques to give us a closer look on their binding mode with CDK2. The in vitro inhibitory activity against CDK2 was also performed for compounds 3 and 17. Compound 3 was subjected to further investigations by studying its effect on cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis in MCF‐7 cell line. It caused apoptosis, necrosis and induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in MCF‐7 cell.
Patients' and caregivers' experiences of hospitalization under COVID‐19 visitation restrictions
Authors: Fenton Anny , Stevens Sandra , Cost Zachary , Bickford Jaime , Kohut Michael , Jacobs Elizabeth A. , Hutchinson Rebecca N.
Published: August 2022

Background

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, hospitals did not allow caregiver visitation. Little is known about how caregivers' absence affected patients' care.

Objective

This study aimed to describe visitation restrictions' impact on patients and their caregivers experiences.

Design

We used a sequential explanatory mixed‐methods study design. First, we randomly selected 200 adult patients with cancer or heart failure hospitalized before (n = 100) and during visitor restrictions (n = 100) and abstracted data from the electronic medical record on communication between medical teams and caregivers and the topics discussed. Results from the quantitative analysis guided our thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews conducted with a subsample of patients hospitalized during visitor restrictions and their caregivers to understand the impact of visitor restrictions on their experiences.

Results

Compared to prerestrictions, caregivers under visitation restrictions communicated less frequently with the medical team (29% vs. 37% of hospitalized days; p = .04), fewer received discharge counseling (37% vs. 52%; p = .04), and disproportionately more had no contact with the medical team (36% vs. 17%; p < .01). Video conferencing was documented for caregivers of only five patients. Qualitative analysis revealed that both caregivers and patients experienced emotional distress, increased conflict, and decreased perception of quality of care because of visitation restrictions.

Conclusions

Hospital visitor restrictions significantly reduced caregivers' communication with patients' medical team, causing caregivers and patients emotional distress. Protocols that facilitate communication between caregivers and care teams may benefit caregivers who cannot be physically present at care facilities, including distance caregivers.
Reactive oxygen species‐mediated oxidative stress accelerates glycolysis via activation of the CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway in the yak longissimus dorsi postmortem
Authors: Zhu Xijin , Kong Xiangying , Zang Lei , Sun Nan , Yu Qunli , Han Ling
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is instrumental in the initiation of early postmortem glycolysis and the advent of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat when cellular energy is altered. However, conflicting studies show that AMPK activation without corresponding energy level changes in PSE meat challenges this long‐held notion. Here, we examined the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated oxidative stress on AMPK activation in the context of glycolysis, protein solubility, and water‐holding capacity (WHC) in the postmortem yak longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. Further, we explored the mechanisms underlying these effects.

RESULTS

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) significantly augmented the degree of oxidative stress, increasing the production of ROS and malondialdehyde excessive production and reducing the activity of the anti‐oxidants superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. In turn, oxidative stress dramatically promoted AMPK activation and glycolysis by increasing glycogen depletion and promoting hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activity. Subsequently, lactic acid accumulation increased, leading to a rapid decline in pH, which aggravated protein solubility degree and centrifugal loss in the early postmortem yak LD muscle. Importantly, these changes caused by oxidative stress were eliminated by the AMPK inhibitor. Mechanistically, oxidative stress elevated calcium ion (Ca2+) levels, which mobilized calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase β (CaMKKβ) and AMPK. Rescue experiments confirmed that the increases were attenuated using Ca2+ and CaMKKβ chelators, respectively.

CONCLUSION

These results indicated that oxidative stress caused by ROS hastened early‐stage postmortem glycolysis and reduced the WHC of yak meat. These effects were likely mediated by the alternative and energy‐independent CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling pathway. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Acute, Recurrent, and Chronic Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: The IFOS Classification
Authors: Lechien Jérôme R. , Lisan Quentin , Eckley Claudia A. , Hamdan Abdul‐Latif , Eun Young‐Gyu , Hans Stéphane , Saussez Sven , Akst Lee M. , Carroll Thomas L.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To investigate the clinical patterns and disease evolution of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) patients.

Methods

Patients with LPR diagnosed by hypopharyngeal‐esophageal impedance‐pH monitoring were prospectively followed in three medical centers. Symptoms and findings were assessed with reflux symptom score (RSS) and reflux sign assessment (RSA). Patients were treated with 3‐to 9‐month diet and combination of proton pump inhibitors, alginate or magaldrate. Patients were followed for 3 years to determine the clinical evolution of symptoms over time. LPR that did not recur was defined as acute. Recurrent LPR consisted of reflux with one or several recurrences yearly despite successful treatment. Chronic LPR was reflux with a chronic course of symptoms. Predictive indicators of clinical evolution were investigated.

Results

One hundred forty patients and 82 healthy individuals completed the evaluations. Among patients, 41 (29.3%), 57 (40.7%), and 42 (30.0%) had acute, recurrent, or chronic LPR respectively. Baseline quality of life‐RSS (QoL‐RSS) and RSS total scores were significantly higher in chronic LPR patients. The post‐treatment decrease of QoL‐RSS and RSS of acute LPR patients were significantly faster as compared to recurrent and chronic patients. QoL‐RSS >5 reported adequate sensitivity (94.2) and specificity (75.3). QoL‐RSS thresholds defined acute (QoL‐RSS = 6–25), recurrent (QoL‐RSS = 26–38), and chronic (QoL‐RSS > 38) LPR.

Conclusion

Baseline QoL‐RSS may predict the clinical course of LPR patients: acute, recurrent, or chronic. A novel classification system that groups patients according to the longevity, severity, and therapeutic response of symptoms was proposed: the International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies Classification of LPR.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:1073–1080, 2023
Seasonal hypoxia and temperature inversions in a tropical bay
Authors: Adelson Anne E. , Altieri Andrew H. , Boza Ximena , Collin Rachel , Davis Kristen A. , Gaul Alan , Giddings Sarah N. , Reed Victoria , Pawlak Geno
Published: August 2022

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a critically important ecological variable, and the prevalence of marine hypoxia is expected to increase due to the combined effects of ocean warming and eutrophication. Thermal stress can co‐occur with hypoxia, especially in tropical systems, and can exacerbate its effects. We examine the physical processes that are important in regulating hypoxia and temperature inversions in Bahía Almirante, a semi‐enclosed tropical embayment on the Caribbean coast of Panama. A 10‐yr record of observations at 7 locations within Bahía Almirante reveals seasonal temperature inversions and hypoxia at depth that often co‐occur. These features are more severe and persistent in the back bay, though they occur throughout Bahía Almirante. DO reductions correspond to periods with high freshwater input, including direct precipitation, resulting in strong salinity stratification that isolates bottom waters, allowing biological oxygen demand to draw down DO. Evidence indicates that lateral advection can contribute to reoxygenation events, and the relationship between near bottom DO and bottom salinities in the mid bay and back bay is consistent with deep‐water renewal as the mechanism for bottom water ventilation. These hypoxia and temperature inversion events impact the biological communities of Bahía Almirante, and the physical dynamics that regulate these coincident and persistent stressors for marine organisms are likely present in other shallow, tropical estuaries.
Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin with DOPO‐Based Compound Containing Triazole and Hydroxyl Groups
Authors: Zhao Wen‐Hua , Wang Jing‐Wen , Zhuang Guo‐Chao , Liu Dong‐Yue , Sun Chuang‐Chuang
Published: August 2022

A reactive flame retardant (DTP) is successfully synthesized and characterized, and then incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) as a co‐curing agent. The thermal stabilities and flame‐retardant properties of epoxy thermosets are evaluated. Compared to neat EP, the thermogravimetric analysis (TG) results show that the thermal decomposition rate of EP/DTP is reduced by 45% and the char yield at 750 °C is increased by 67%, when the addition amount of DTP is 12 wt%. In the cone calorimetry test (CCT), the values of the peak of heat release rate (pk‐HRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke produce (TSP), and average of effective heat combustion (av‐EHC) of EP‐DTP‐12 are exhibited a reduction of 36.6%, 26.4%, 40.5%, and 23.6% relative to neat EP, respectively. Meanwhile, the value of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of EP/DTP‐12 can reach 34.83%, and 6 wt% or more loading of DTP make EP/DTP pass the V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 test. Moreover, the flame‐retardant mechanism is investigated by thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG‐IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which can be summarized into two aspects: the quenching effect of phosphorus‐containing radicals and diluting effect of nonflammable gases in the gas phase, and the barrier effect of char layer in the condensed phase.
The effect of innovation efficiency management on performance: Differences according to organizational size
Authors: Rubio‐Picón Concepción , Velasco‐Morente Francisco , Ramos‐Hidalgo Encarnación , Agustí María A.
Published: August 2022

The efficiency associated with innovation has been a frequently considered element in the literature. However, the conceptualization of this efficiency and its management is an underexplored factor. We study the way in which the different elements that conform to this efficiency are managed over time. From a dynamic efficiency analysis using data envelope analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist productivity index, we evaluate changes in efficiency and if there are differences according to firm size. Our results confirm the relevance of size in the way that firms manage their innovation efficiency and how small firms differ from larger ones in terms of efficiency management.
Fast spectral solver for the inversion of boundary data problem of Poisson equation in a doubly connected domain
Authors: Wen Jin , Wang Shan‐Shan , Liu Zhuan‐Xia
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we study the inversion of the inner boundary data for Poisson equation in a doubly connected domain by fast Fourier ultraspherical spectral solver. The solver depends on the truncated Fourier series expansion, where the differential equations of the Fourier coefficients are solved by an ultraspherical spectral method. Because this problem is seriously ill‐posed, the Cauchy data with noise will lead to ill‐conditioned linear system. Hence, we apply Tikhonov regularization to solve the obtained linear system and use generalized cross‐validation (GCV) criterion to select regularization parameters. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are illustrated by several numerical results of different regions.
New fractional integral formulas and kinetic model associated with the hypergeometric superhyperbolic sine function
Authors: Geng Lu‐Lu , Yang Xiao‐Jun , Alsolami Abdulrahman Ali
Published: August 2022

In the paper, we consider some fractional integral formulas in terms of the Riemann–Liouville, Erdélyi–Kober type, and Weyl fractional integral operators and present the general fractional kinetic model involving the hypergeometric superhyperbolic sine function via the Gauss hypergeometric series.
A mixed method for 3D nonlinear elasticity using finite element exterior calculus
Authors: Dhas Bensingh , Nagaraja Jamun Kumar , Roy Debasish , Reddy Junuthula N.
Published: August 2022

In this study, a mixed finite element model for 3D nonlinear elasticity using a Hu–Washizu (HW) type variational principle is presented. This mixed variational principle takes the deformed configuration and sections from its cotangent bundle as the input arguments. The critical points of the proposed HW functional enforce compatibility of these sections with the configuration, in addition to mechanical equilibrium and constitutive relations. Using this variational principle we construct a mixed FE approximation that distinguishes a vector from a 1‐form, a feature not commonly found in FE approximations for nonlinear elasticity. This distinction plays a pivotal role in identifying suitable FE spaces for approximating the 1‐forms appearing in the variational principle. These discrete approximations are constructed using ideas borrowed from finite element exterior calculus, which are in turn used to construct a discrete approximation to our HW functional. The discrete equations describing mechanical equilibrium, compatibility, and constitutive rule, are obtained by seeking extremum of the discrete functional with respect to the respective degrees of freedom. The discrete extremum problem is then solved numerically; we use Newton's method for this purpose. This mixed FE technique is then applied to a few benchmark problems wherein conventional displacement based approximations encounter locking and checker boarding. These studies help establish that our mixed FE approximation, which requires no artificial stabilizing terms, is free of these numerical bottlenecks.
Oxford Food and Activity Behaviors 20‐item questionnaire to assess personal weight management strategies: Development and testing
Authors: Hartmann‐Boyce Jamie , Harmer Georgina , Hobson Alice , Bateman Paul A. , Tudor Kate , Aveyard Paul , Jebb Susan A.
Published: August 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop a shortened Oxford Food and Activity Behaviors (OxFAB) questionnaire to identify the cognitive and behavioral strategies used by individuals during weight‐management attempts.

Methods

This study reduced an existing 117‐item questionnaire (the original OxFAB questionnaire) through identifying clusters of techniques from the responses of 278 people living with obesity and, within those clusters, identifying the most representative question or questions. Questions were rephrased to cover multiple strategies at the domain level, with several alternative phrasings developed for new questions. Face validity was tested through think‐aloud interviews with 12 people living with obesity. Questions were rephrased accordingly and tested using test‐retest (n = 172). Prevalence‐ and bias‐adjusted κ (PABAK) were calculated, and questions with PABAK < 0.41 were rewritten and evaluated in a new test‐retest sample (n = 130).

Results

OxFAB20 consists of 20 questions covering diet, physical activity, and cognitive strategies for weight management. Test–retest resulted in a mean PABAK score of 0.56 (SD = 0.14). Questions were revised where appropriate. The questionnaire is available for use via a CC‐BY license.

Conclusions

The OxFAB20 questionnaire provides a practical tool for researchers to identify the cognitive and behavioral strategies used by individuals during attempts at weight control.
Impact of program characteristics on weight loss in adult behavioral weight management interventions: systematic review and component network meta‐analysis
Authors: Hartmann‐Boyce Jamie , Ordóñez‐Mena José M. , Theodoulou Annika , Butler Ailsa R. , Freeman Suzanne C. , Sutton Alex J. , Jebb Susan A. , Aveyard Paul
Published: August 2022

Objective

Behavioral weight management programs (BWMPs) for adults lead to greater weight loss at 12 months than minimal‐intervention control treatments. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the content of BWMPs and outcomes of treatment. This study assessed the contribution of individual components of BWMPs, using Bayesian component network meta‐analysis.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials of BWMPs in adults were identified (latest search: December 2019) and arms coded for presence or absence of 29 intervention components grouped by type, content, provider, mode of delivery, and intensity.

Results

A total of 169 studies (41 judged at high risk of bias) were included in the main analysis. Six components had effect estimates indicating clinically significant benefit and credible intervals (CrIs) excluding no difference: change in diet (mean difference [MD] = −1.84 kg, 95% CrI: −2.91 to −0.80); offering partial (MD = −2.12 kg, 95% CrI: −3.39 to −0.89) or total meal replacements (MD = −2.63 kg, 95% CrI: −4.58 to −0.73); delivery by a psychologist/counselor (MD = −1.45 kg, 95% CrI: −2.81 to −0.06) or dietitian (MD = −1.31 kg, 95% CrI: −2.40 to −0.24); and home setting (MD = −1.05 kg, 95% CrI: −2.02 to −0.09).

Conclusions

Future program development should consider including these components; other approaches continue to warrant evaluation of effectiveness.
Chiral Iodotriptycenes: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Khan Nasim , Itaya Katsunori , Wirth Thomas
Published: August 2022

Invited for this month′s cover picture is the group of Thomas Wirth at Cardiff University (UK). The cover picture shows two structures of triptycenes. In each of these molecules all three aromatic rings are different with the rigid structure of the molecules making them chiral. The two sp3‐carbons shown in red and green are the stereocentres with defined configuration. These molecules contain the crucial iodine functionality which are utilised to generate hypervalent iodine(III)‐catalysts in situ. The authors acknowledge Dr. Yu Wang for the creation of the cover image. Read the full text of their Research Article at 10.1002/open.202200145.
Extrarenal Wilms tumor with hypertension and dilated cardiomyopathy in an infant: A report of an unusual case
Authors: Qu Yan‐ning , Wu Yu‐rui , Qu Dong , Ge Hai‐yan
Published: August 2022

While Wilms tumors are the most frequently detected kidney cancer type in children, extrarenal Wilms tumors (ERWTs) remain rare. This report is the first to describe hypertension and dilated cardiomyopathy in a patient with an ERWT. A 6‐month‐old male infant presented with an abdominal mass and paroxysmal hypertension; echocardiography revealed dilated cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction of 34%, as well as substantially increased plasma renin activity. Pathology yielded a definitive diagnosis of ERWT. Cardiac function and blood pressure gradually returned to normal after tumorectomy. The early diagnosis of such a tumor together with efficient oncologic treatment are vital to optimal patient outcomes.
Duration of the untreated period affects bone mineral density in psychiatric patients requiring long‐term hospitalization: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kaga Itsuka , Iwata Hiroyoshi , Tokushige Akihiro , Akata Takushiro , Ueda Shinichiro
Published: August 2022

Aim

Osteoporosis and bone fractures occur often on psychiatric wards. Although recent studies showed that bone mineral density (BMD) decreases in psychiatric patients, many risk factors remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for decreased BMD in long‐term psychiatric inpatients in a closed ward.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of psychiatric inpatients hospitalized for over 20 weeks was conducted. Patients were divided into three groups according to BMD: normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). The relevant history of psychiatric diseases was collected, and biomarkers related to osteoporosis were measured. Univariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables significantly associated with BMD category. Additional analyses evaluated the associations between an identified clinical variable and biomarkers and psychiatric symptoms that may be related to osteoporosis.

Results

Seventy‐one patients (28 normal BMD, 17 osteopenia, and 26 osteoporosis) participated in the study. The multivariable ordinal logistic analysis showed that the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) was a risk factor (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval: 0.63–0.91, p = 0.006), adjusting for the major confounders of sex and age. Additional analysis showed significant differences in BPRS, BPRS Negative Symptom score, and the Cu/Zn ratio between the short‐DUP group (DUP ≤ 1 year) and the long‐DUP group (DUP > 1 year).

Conclusion

The DUP may affect BMD in long‐term psychiatric inpatients, presumably partly through increased severity of negative symptoms and micronutrient abnormalities. Shortening the untreated period might reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
The status of implementation of photovoltaic systems and its influencing factors in European countries
Authors: Raghoebarsing Amrita , Farkas Istvan , Atsu Divine , Boddaert Simon , Moser David , Shirazi Elham , Reinders Angèle
Published: August 2022

This paper gives an overview of the status of implementation of photovoltaic (PV) systems among 34 member countries involved in the COST Action PEARL PV in the year 2018. Besides this, influencing factors that have an impact on the implementation of PV systems in each country have been assessed. The implementation of PV systems varies in European countries due to differences in solar irradiation and weather conditions, electricity consumption, national economic situation, and governmental approaches to promote PV. For this paper, data sets covering, among others, numbers installed PV systems, and the variables mentioned above, were collected, processed, and synchronized. Subsequently, relations between data were analyzed by geographic mapping and mutual correlations. The 34 countries evaluated produced together 120 TWh of PV electricity in 2018. It was notable that Germany produced the highest amount (45 TWh) and has the highest share (8.4%) of PV in its electricity generation. Weak correlations were found between the different variables and the gross domestic product, annual global irradiation, number of subsidy schemes, cumulative installed capacity, annual electricity generated by PV, the share of RE, and share of PV. Logically, as expected, strong correlations (R2 = 0.9) were found between the number of inhabitants and the annual electricity production and consumption. From our analysis, we conclude that four different groups of countries can be identified to categorize the usability of PV. One type covers countries with a significant unused PV potential while local–global irradiation is redundantly available, such as Turkey, Spain, Cyprus, Portugal, and Israel.
Proteomic analysis of the meristematic root zone in contrasting genotypes reveals new insights in drought tolerance in rice
Authors: Abdirad Somayeh , Wu Yunqi , Ghorbanzadeh Zahra , Tazangi Sara Esmaeili , Amirkhani Ardeshir , Fitzhenry Matthew J. , Kazemi Mehrbano , Ghaffari Mohammad Reza , Koobaz Parisa , Zeinalabedini Mehrshad , Habibpourmehraban Fatemeh , Masoomi‐Aladizgeh Farhad , Atwell Brian J. , Mirzaei Mehdi , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini , Haynes Paul A.
Published: August 2022

Drought is responsible for major losses in rice production. Root tips contain meristematic and elongation zones that play major roles in determination of root traits and adaptive strategies to drought. In this study we analysed two contrasting genotypes of rice: IR64, a lowland, drought‐susceptible, and shallow‐rooting genotype; and Azucena, an upland, drought‐tolerant, and deep‐rooting genotype. Samples were collected of root tips of plants grown under control and water deficit stress conditions. Quantitative proteomics analysis resulted in the identification of 7294 proteins from the root tips of IR64 and 6307 proteins from Azucena. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033343. Using a Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis on 4170 differentially abundant proteins, 1138 statistically significant proteins across genotypes and conditions were detected. Twenty two enriched biological processes showing contrasting patterns between two genotypes in response to stress were detected through gene ontology enrichment analysis. This included identification of novel proteins involved in root elongation with specific expression patterns in Azucena, including four Expansins and seven Class III Peroxidases. We also detected an antioxidant network and a metallo‐sulfur cluster assembly machinery in Azucena, with roles in reactive oxygen species and iron homeostasis, and positive effects on root cell cycle, growth and elongation.
Surface modification of recycled polymers in comparison to virgin polymers using Ar/O2 plasma etching
Authors: Amberg Martin , Höhener Marion , Rupper Patrick , Hanselmann Barbara , Hufenus Rudolf , Lehner Sandro , Perret Edith , Hegemann Dirk
Published: August 2022

Low‐pressure plasma etching of a recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film is studied in comparison to virgin PET and polypropylene (PP) using a capacitively coupled radio frequency (RF) plasma reactor. Recycled polymers are distinguished by increased impurity content and weakened mechanical properties, both affecting plasma etching and adhesion processes. Mild plasma conditions have been selected to maintain the material bulk properties of the polymers. The etch rates and the morphology of the polymer samples were thus determined at floating potential compared with etching at the RF electrode for varying argon/oxygen gas mixtures, etching duration, and sample size. Thermoanalytical and X‐ray techniques were used to characterize the polymer before and after the plasma etching treatment. Finally, adhesive‐tape peel tests proved that excellent adhesion of silver coatings can also be achieved on a plasma‐treated recycled PET film.
Inheritance of dicamba‐resistance in allotetraploid Chenopodium album
Authors: Ghanizadeh Hossein , Harrington Kerry C , He Lulu , James Trevor K
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Chenopodium album L. is a troublesome weed in spring‐planted crops, and different levels of ploidy have been documented for this weed species. A population of C. album has evolved resistance to dicamba. The level of ploidy and inheritance of dicamba resistance was studied in this population.

RESULTS

The resistant and susceptible individuals of C. album were confirmed as tetraploid by flow cytometry. Pair‐crosses were made between ten resistant and susceptible individuals. Eight F1 individuals from five crosses were confirmed resistant after treating with dicamba at 400 g a.e. ha−1. These individuals were selfed, and the response of their progenies to dicamba was assessed in dose–response experiments, and the results confirmed the resistance trait was dominant. Furthermore, an analysis of the segregation patterns revealed that the segregation response of all F2 progenies fitted a 3:1 (resistant/susceptible) ratio when treated with dicamba at 200, 400 and 800 g a.e. ha−1, suggesting a single gene was responsible for dicamba resistance.

CONCLUSIONS

Dicamba resistance in the studied tetraploid population of C. album is governed by a single dominant gene. This type of inheritance suggests that selection for dicamba resistance can occur readily. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Extensibility of Hohenberg–Kohn Theorem to General Quantum Systems
Authors: Xu Limin , Mao Jiahao , Gao Xingyu , Liu Zheng
Published: August 2022

The Hohenberg–Kohn (HK) theorem for interacting electrons is a cornerstone of modern electronic structure calculations. For a general quantum system, a HK‐type Hamiltonian in the form of can always be defined, by grouping those terms with fixed or preknown coefficients into an internal part of the Hamiltonian , and factorizing the remaining as the superposition of a set of Hermitian operators . It is asked whether the HK theorem can be extended to such a general setting, so that the ground‐state expectation values of as the generalized density can in principle be used as the fundamental variables determining all the properties of the system. It is shown that the question can be addressed by the invertibility of generalized density correlation matrix (GDCM) defined with respect to the operators. This criterion is applied to several representative examples, including the quantum Ising dimer, frustration‐free systems, N‐level quantum systems and a fermionic Hubbard chain. It is suggested that for a finite‐size system, finding an invertible GDCM under one single configuration is typically sufficient to establish the generic extensibility of the HK theorem in the entire parameter space.
Event‐triggered fault estimation and nonfragile synchronization control for multiweighted complex dynamical networks with deception attacks
Authors: Sakthivel Ramalingam , Kwon Ohmin , Park MyeongJin , Choi Seonggon , Sakthivel Rathinasamy
Published: August 2022

This article addresses the fault estimation and nonfragile synchronization control for multiweighted complex dynamical networks against deception attacks. An event‐triggered mechanism is proposed to reduce the redundant data transmission over the communication networks. Considering the network communication security, this article investigates deception attacks in the observer, where the adversary attempts to inject some false data in the measurement output to modify the transmitted signal in the communication networks. Some stochastic variables obeying the Bernoulli distribution are expressed to describe the probability of the deception attacks, which is determined by an attacker. Then based on Lyapunov stability theory, robust analysis method, some novel solvability criteria are presented such that the resultant augmented error system is asymptotically stable with a guaranteed performance index. Further, the existence criterion of the desired event‐triggered estimator is proposed in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two illustrative examples including an F‐404 aircraft engine model are provided to verify the effectiveness of the developed estimator design method.
Individual‐based modelling of hydropeaking effects on brown trout and Atlantic salmon in a regulated river
Authors: Hajiesmaeili Mahboobeh , Addo Louis , Watz Johan , Railsback Steven F. , Piccolo John J.
Published: August 2022

We developed an individual‐based model (IBM) to understand the effects of hydropeaking on growth, survival and distribution of age 0+ to 1+ juveniles for high‐conservation value populations of native brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Atlantic salmon (S. salar) in river Gullspång, Sweden. We parameterized and applied inSTREAM (7.2‐SD) and calibrated the model by comparing predicted versus observed growth under the current hydropeaking regime (n=>1,200 model fish for 365 days). Our objective was to model growth, survival and distribution under flow scenarios with and without hydropeaking. We observed that hydropeaking generally resulted in modest (~10%) negative effects on growth and survival of both species. Survival was more affected than was growth, smaller fish more affected than larger fish. On‐peak (high) hydropeaking flows resulted in less profitable feeding conditions (less growth) and higher predation (lower survival). Thus, inSTREAM 7.2‐SD appears to capture ecologically‐relevant behavioral patterns under hydropeaking, for example, habitat selection, in response to rapid flow changes. Understanding such patterns for large rivers via manipulative field studies, even if possible, would be time‐consuming and costly. Our study demonstrates the potential of IBMs as powerful tools for testing research questions and assessing and prioritizing alternative management strategies in regulated rivers.
Distributed dimension reduction with nearly oracle rate
Authors: Zhu Zhengtian , Zhu Liping
Published: August 2022

We consider sufficient dimension reduction for heterogeneous massive data. We show that, even in the presence of heterogeneity and nonlinear dependence, the minimizers of convex loss functions of linear regression fall into the central subspace at the population level. We suggest a distributed algorithm to perform sufficient dimension reduction, where the convex loss functions are approximated with surrogate quadratic losses. This allows to perform dimension reduction in a unified least squares framework and facilitates to transmit the gradients in our distributed algorithm. The minimizers of these surrogate quadratic losses possess a nearly oracle rate after a finite number of iterations. We conduct simulations and an application to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed distributed algorithm for heterogeneous massive data.
Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3 over Mn2O3 Supported with Different Morphology of CeO2 Catalysts
Authors: Sunder Rao Shyam , Kumar Patel Vivek , Sharma Sweta
Published: August 2022

Three different morphologies of CeO2 supports (nanoparticle, nanocube, and nanorod) were prepared by hydrothermal technique and further Mn2O3 metal was impregnated on CeO2 supports using wet‐impregnation methods, and their activity for NO reduction using NH3−SCR technique was analysed. The synthesized catalysts and supports were further characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET). The catalytic performance of Mn2O3/CeO2‐nanoparticle has shown the highest conversion (76 %) compared to the other two catalysts in the temperature range of 50–450 °C.
Effective Removal of Basic Red 46 with Ti3C2 Powder Modified with Citric acid
Authors: Yan Jia , Liu Peng Fei , Wen Hui Xiang , Liu Hui Jun
Published: August 2022

MXene, an emerging two‐dimensional nanomaterial, possessed large specific surface area good hydrophilicity and tunable interlayer spacing which had attracted the attention of scientists. However, MXene itself was very easy to stack. Here, we reported one MXene‐based composite, using Ti3C2 as a matrix, citric acid (CA) modifying alkalized Ti3C2 (Alk‐TC) were compounded to prepare citric acid‐alkalized Ti3C2 composite (CA‐Alk‐TC) which was used subsequently as an adsorbent for adsorbing basic red 46. The results of batch adsorption experience indicated that the adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, and the adsorption thermodynamics corresponded to the Langmuir isotherm model. When the reaction condition was 60 min, 5 mg, pH 5, 140 mg/L, and 308 K, the Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of basic red 46 reached 230.95 mg/g.
Simultaneous Chemical Crosslinking of SnO2 and Perovskite for High‐Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Minimized Lead Leakage
Authors: He Zhengyan , Hu Yanqiang , Sun Guangping , Song Wenwu , Wang Xunyue , Zhang Shufang , Wang Jin , Wang Minmin , Sun Tongming , Tang Yanfeng
Published: August 2022

SnO2‐based planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention owing to their simple structure and low‐temperature processing. However, the imperfect interface contact caused by surface defects and energy‐level mismatches greatly hinder the further improvement of the efficiency and stability of PSC. Herein, a multifunctional interfacial crosslinking agent D‐penicillamine (DPM) is introduced to improve the interface contact between SnO2 and upper perovskite. Through systematical analysis, it is found that the DPM used to modify SnO2 can simultaneously passivate the defects on the surface of SnO2 via esterification reaction, promote the charge extraction in perovskite by adjusting the interface energy‐level arrangement, and improve the quality of perovskite film by forming coordination bond with lead ions. These merits eventually assist DPM‐modified PSCs and achieve an impressive efficiency of 24.09%, whereas the controlled device only shows an efficiency of 22.44%. In addition, an unencapsulated DPM‐modified PSC exhibits better storage stability, thermal stability, and light stability than the controlled device, as well as in situ absorption capacity of leaked lead ions.
Mechanical properties of macro synthetic fiber reinforced concrete at elevated temperatures: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Clarke Todd , Ghiji Matt , Fragomeni Sam , Guerrieri Maurice
Published: August 2022

The current infrastructure boom combined with the latest outcomes from 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP 26) seeking a carbon neutral society by 2050 have driven the increasing need for sustainable alternatives to be considered in construction. One such alternative is macro synthetic fibers, which have been gaining acceptance on major infrastructure projects. However, only limited uptake has occurred in permanent structures, due to a lack of knowledge around the behavior of macro synthetic fiber reinforced concrete (MSFRC) when exposed to elevated temperatures. Existing Australian and international design standards do not take into account the loss of strength for MSFRC after exposure to elevated temperatures. Hence, this systematic review sets out to combine all the existing knowledge on the mechanical properties of MSFRC and lay the groundwork for determining acceptable relationships between relative strengths and elevated temperatures. This study proposes relationships between temperature and compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength and residual flexural, and tensile strengths of MSFRC. These are compared to existing relationships determined for plain concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete to position MSFRC within the context of existing and accepted knowledge.
A pilot study: Can calcaneus radiographic image be used to determine sex and breed in cats?
Authors: Şenol Esra , Gündemir Ozan , Duro Sokol , Szara Tomasz , Demiraslan Yasin , Karadağ Hüseyin
Published: August 2022

This study examined whether radiographic images measurements of the calcaneus in cats are determinative of sex and breed. For this purpose, radiographic images of 70 cats (37 male and 33 females) of different ages (from one to 18 years) and different breeds (41 mix‐breed, 18 Scottish Fold and 11 British Shorthair cats) without orthopaedic problems were used. Right tarsal joint radiographs of these orthopaedically healthy cats were taken. Four linear measurements and two angle values of the calcaneus were obtained from the radiographic images. The MANOVA result showed that the most determining factor between the three groups was the greatest width (p value = 0.001). Calcaneal body length, calcaneal greatest length and calcaneal shortest depth were higher in mix‐breed cats. Calcaneal tuber length was higher in Scottish Fold cats. The only statistically significant difference between Scottish Fold and British Shorthair was in the calcaneal tuber length (pvalue = 0.04). In the comparison made between the sexes regardless of species, the linear measurements in males were higher than in females. It was determined that these parameters are statistically significant in terms of sex differentiation in cats. Dorsal and plantar calcaneal angles are not sex determinants in cats. The effect of age on other measurements was analysed by correlation test. However, the effect of age on the measurements was not statistically significant. Mix‐breed cats were examined in four groups according to their colour (grey, black‐white, yellow, tri‐colour). No statistically significant difference was found between calcaneal measurements of cats with different skin colour genotypes. In this study, calcaneus measurements were both determinative between breeds and sexes in cats.
Assessment microbial risks for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. based on the surveillance of the water supply systems in Colombia, 2014–2018
Authors: Guzmán Barragán Blanca Lisseth , de Souza Lauretto Marcelo , Razzolini Maria Tereza Pepe , Nardocci Adelaide Cássia , Marimón Sibaja Karen Vanessa
Published: August 2022

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. cause gastrointestinal diseases of zoonotic origin as well transmitted from person to person, being various reported outbreaks associated with water. The infecting (oo)cyst forms of these parasites are highly resistant to water treatments such as chlorine disinfection and fast filtration. The objective of this study was to assess the microbial risk of infection and symptomatic illness by the ingestion of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in water for human consumption in Colombia, based on the results of water quality surveillance. The detection method was according to the USEPA method 1623. Concentration data of the different points of distribution were grouped according to the pathogen and type of treatment (no treatment; chlorine treatment; chlorine treatment + coagulant). Annual microbial risks of infection and symptomatic diseases were estimated using the quantitative microbial risk assessment approach that included parasite concentrations, the dose–response model, the ingestion rates of water by children and adults, and the morbidity rate of the diseases. The mean annual microbial risk of infection for Giardia spp. was 29.8% for treated water and 50.4% for untreated water, while being 6.0% and 17.7%, respectively, for Cryptosporidium spp. Microbial risk of symptomatic illness for Giardia spp, was 8.2% for treated water and 13.9% for untreated water, while being 3.6% and 10.6%, respectively, for Cryptosporidium spp. The estimated annual microbial risks of infection exceeded the acceptable value of 10−4 (0.01%) recommended by USEPA. Results obtained in this study suggest the need to reduce the microbial risk of infection to protozoan parasites by improving the water treatment, by adopting better handling practices for livestock manure and treatment processes of human feces.

Practitioner Points

The presence of Cryptosporidium spp was identified in 28 (6.2%) samples and Giardia spp in 29 (6.4%) in water for human consumption in Colombia.

The mean annual risk of symptomatic illness due to infection by Giardia spp or Cryptosporidium spp ranges from 33.6%, for treated water, to 58.1%, for untreated water.

Annual risks ingestion of protozoa studying in water for human exceed of 10‐4 (0.01%) recommended by USEPA.