bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Modernity of Western Tragedy: Genealogy of a Developing Anachronism
Authors: Grady Hugh
Published: October 2014

Since the shift from modernist, formalist, and old historicist methodologies of mid-twentieth-century criticism,tragedyhas been a problematic term. In the earlier age of the American New Critics and their British analog F. R. Leavis, it was one of the classic instances of a “timeless” literary category that embodied the “news that stays news” that Ezra Pound thought epitomized the literary. Tragedy was an example par excellence of a genre tied to a permanent human condition—death. As such, however, it was also largely taken for granted in the practice of the New Critics, American and British—one of the large-scale literary categories that could be safely ignored in favor of the strategies of close reading and detecting complex ironies. At times the whole project of defining a larger genre was simply ruled out of order. Kenneth Muir spoke for many in this critical generation when he wrote, “There is no such thing as Shakespearean tragedy. There are only Shakespearean tragedies” (12).
The Tragic Vision in Postcolonial Time
Authors: Scott David
Published: October 2014

I have been arguing, over some years, that thinking about the postcolonial condition in relation to tragedy or, rather, through a critical perspective informed by the idea of the tragic is especially useful in a historical conjuncture in which the triumphalist narratives of national liberation, anti-imperialism, and socialism have become exhausted, if not extinct (Scott,ConscriptsandOmens). Romance, it seems to me, is the predominant mode of emplotment of the anticolonial and radical postcolonial imaginarles. This is because the salient questions animating the critique of the colonial past have turned, understandably enough, on the identification of the disabling repressive harms of colonial power and the construction of the justificatory narrative of resistance that, at length, overcomes the perceived obstacles to a postcolonial state without these sources of (moral, political, cultural, economic) dissatisfaction. These are narratives of longing and vindication that link past, present, and future in a steady rhythm of progressive (sometimes righteously exultant) redemption. But what if the futures anticipated in this story form come to be fundamentally thrown into doubt so that they lose the self-evidence that so long sustained them as an effective horizon of political desire and political action? What if the futures anticipated by the past are now themselves a part of the past? I have been arguing that, as a consequence of the collapse of the great social and political hopes that went into the anticolonial imagining and postcolonial making of national sovereignties, we do indeed inhabit a postcolonial present marked by such an irreversible transformation. I have been arguing that the problem about the former colonial worlds for the present is not the superficial one of finding better answers to existing questions but the more fundamental one of altering the questions concerning the relation between past and present that have organized our expectations of possible futures.
Imperial Ghosting and National Tragedy: Revenants from Hiroshima and Indian Country in the War on Terror
Authors: McClintock Anne
Published: October 2014

What does it mean to saythat we live in tragic times? the 9-11 attack was certainly a tragedy, but whose tragedy was it? What constitutes a national tragedy in the first place? Ned Blackhawk points out that a nation unable to confront its past will surely compromise its civic future (293). What are the consequences of sacralizing one national calamity (the 9-11 attack) as a world-historic tragedy while ghosting the other foundational violences of United States history, which have returned to haunt the post-9-11 era as unspeakable premonitions and accusatory revenants? “Mark me,” said the ghost.
Restoring environmental flow: buy-back costs and pollution-dilution as a compliance with water quality standards
Authors: Gomez Jorge , De La Maza Cristóbal , Melo Óscar
Published: October 2014

An important challenge for policymakers worldwide is how to respond to increasing water demand while still assuring healthy ecosystems via ‘environmental flows’. In the case of Chile, increasing water demand and frequent water supply shortages are putting pressure on ecosystem water requirements. On the other hand, new environmental regulations are being implemented to improve the quality of several bodies of water. Consequently, there is a call for water policies that can properly tackle these complex issues. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the costs of a programme to buy back water rights to restore an environmental flow in the Maipo River, as well as assess the performance of ‘pollution-dilution’ as a measure to comply with water quality standards in the river's basin. Results suggest that a programme that aims to buy back 440 l/s requires expending US$1.9 million, as a one-time expense. We also find that buying and leaving water flows in the river for the distinct purpose of pollution-dilution could be an efficient policy, albeit limited in impact, to reduce nutrient contamination costing about one-fifth of alternative measures to attain the same level of pollution reduction.
The transformative effect of the introduction of water volumetric billing in a disadvantaged housing area in Sweden
Authors: Mangold Mikael , Morrison Greg , Harder Robin , Hagbert Pernilla , Rauch Sebastien
Published: October 2014

Domestic water payment schemes are often a product of their time, place and what is perceived to be customary. Aspects that payment schemes can take into account include resource conservation, equity, maintainability, and profitability. In contemporary Sweden profitable environmentally sustainable solutions are promoted, such as the introduction of volumetric billing of water in rental apartments. This paper describes the detailed consequences of this change in the payment structure for domestic water in terms of reduced resource consumption, direct impact on household economies and perceptions of the system's change process. By combining high-resolution quantitative data on water usage and socio-economic household characteristics with qualitative data from semi-standardized interviews with residents, it is possible to identify the different impacts of the system's change and how the process was experienced. It was shown that while water usage decreased by 30%, 63% of the households had increased monthly costs, and unemployed residents were further disadvantaged and closer to social exclusion. Focusing on making environmental sustainability profitable, as posited in ecological modernization theory, may shadow negative impacts on social sustainability.
Water-conservation policies in perspective: insights from a Q-method study in Salta, Argentina
Authors: Iribarnegaray M. A. , de la Zerda M. F. E. , Hutton C. M. , Brannstrom C. , Liberal V. I. , Tejerina W. , Seghezzo L.
Published: October 2014

Narratives and discourses on issues such as water management and other complex social–ecological systems respond partly to people's worldviews or social perspectives. Knowledge of these perspectives might help increase the rate of success of specific initiatives related to water conservation and could be an important tool to improve water governance. A study performed in the city of Salta, Argentina, revealed the existence of four social perspectives on issues related to water management. Perspectives were obtained with Q methodology by interviewing 29 local stakeholders. Participants sorted 68 statements organized around four themes (service provider; water rights; public participation; water availability) according to their degree of agreement or disagreement. The findings support our contention that there are clear links between social perspectives and the rate of success of some water policies implemented by the local water utility in the past 15 years, in particular the promotion and use of household water meters and awareness campaigns launched to reduce water consumption. We show that the limited success of these initiatives was partly due to ignorance or disregard of social perspectives on water management.
Cactus juice as bioflocculant in the coagulation–flocculation process for industrial wastewater treatment: a comparative study with polyacrylamide
Authors: Sellami Mohamed , Zarai Zied , Khadhraoui Moncef , Jdidi Nidal , Leduc Roland , Ben Rebah Faouzi
Published: October 2014

Most industries in the world treat their wastewaters with a conventional coagulation–flocculation process using alum as coagulant, polyacrylamide (PAM) as flocculant and lime as coagulant aid. To reduce the use of chemical products in the process, experiments were conducted to substitute the PAM with cactus juice (CJ) as flocculant. From the obtained data, it was concluded that the substitution of PAM with CJ in the coagulation–flocculation process was very effective, compared with PAM. Depending on the wastewater's origin, the bioflocculant showed removal efficiencies of 83.3–88.7% for suspended solids (SS) and 59.1–69.1% for chemical oxygen demand (COD). Lime addition enhanced the coagulation–flocculation process in the presence of CJ similarly to the PAM with efficiencies greater than 90% for both SS and COD. The CJ powder's infrared (IR) spectrum showed the main functional groups present in PAM. It was concluded that CJ as a flocculant fits well with the definition of sustainability and it is appropriate for countries that have regions where cactuses grow naturally.
Effects of operation parameters on nutrient removal from wastewater and high-protein biomass production in a duckweed-based (Lemma aequinoctialis) pilot-scale system
Authors: Zhao Yonggui , Fang Yang , Jin Yanling , Huang Jun , Bao Shu , He Zhiming , Wang Feng , Zhao Hai
Published: October 2014

The effects of water depth, coverage rate and harvest regime on nutrient removal from wastewater and high-protein biomass production were assessed in a duckweed-based (Lemna aequinoctialis) pilot-scale wastewater treatment system (10 basins × 12 m2) that is located near Dianchi Lake in China. The results indicated that a water depth of 50 cm, a coverage rate of 150% and a harvest regime of 4 days were preferable conditions, under which excellent records of high-protein duckweed (dry matter production of 6.65 g/m2/d with crude protein content of 36.16% and phosphorus content of 1.46%) were obtained at a temperature of 12–21 °C. At the same time, the system achieved a removal efficiency of 66.16, 23.1, 48.3 and 76.52% for NH4+-N, TN, TP and turbidity, respectively, with the considerable removal rate of 0.465 g/m2/d for TN and 0.134 g/m2/d for TP at a hydraulic retention time of 6 days. In additionally, it was found that a lower duckweed density could lead to higher dissolved oxygen in the water and then a higher removal percentage of NH4+-N by nitrobacteria. This study obtains the preferable operation conditions for wastewater treatment and high-protein biomass production in a duckweed-based pilot-scale system, supplying an important reference for further large-scale applications of duckweed.
Comparison of color removal from reactive dye contaminated water by systems containing fungal biosorbent, active carbon and their mixture
Authors: Gül Ülküye Dudu , Silah Hülya
Published: October 2014

The adsorption of Everzol Black (EB) from synthetic aqueous solution onto active carbon (AC) and dried fungal biosorbent (Rhizopus arrhizus) was studied under the same experimental conditions. The effects of initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time were examined at a batch-scale level. As an alternative to AC, fungus was investigated as a low-cost adsorbent for dye removal. The amount of EB adsorbed onto AC was lower compared with fungal biosorbent; dye adsorption capacity of AC and fungal biosorbent were 94.48 and 106.61 mg/g, respectively. The adsorbent dosage experiments showed that 4 g/L biosorbent removed 100% of EB (Co: 114.39 mg/L) after 2 hours. The results obtained from this study showed that biosorbent effectively removed reactive dye from dye-containing water in a short time period. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were used for mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium data; the Freundlich model was found to exhibit good fits to the experimental data. According to the Freundlich isotherm, the maximum dye adsorption capacities of AC and biosorbent were calculated as 344.82 and 357.14 mg/g, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectral analysis showed the involvement of functional groups for dye bindings.
Implications of nutrient removal and biomass production by native and augmented algal populations at a municipal wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Drexler Ivy L. C. , Bekaan Sascha , Eskandari Yasmin , Yeh Daniel H.
Published: October 2014

Algal monocultures (Chlorella sorokiniana and Botryococcus braunii) and algal communities native to clarifiers of a wastewater treatment plant were batch cultivated in (1) clarified effluent following a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal reactor post-BOD removal clarified effluent (PBCE), (2) clarified effluent following a nitrification reactor post-nitrification clarified effluent (PNCE), and (3) a reference media (RM). After 12 days, all algal species achieved nitrogen removal between 68 and 82% in PBCE and 37 and 99% in PNCE, and phosphorus removal between 91 and 100% in PBCE and 60 and 100% in PNCE. The pH of the wastewater samples increased above 9.8 after cultivation of each species, which likely aided ammonia volatilization and phosphorus adsorption. Both monocultures grew readily with wastewater as a feedstock, but B. braunii experienced significant crowding from endemic fauna. In most cases, native algal species' nutrient removal efficiency was competitive with augmented algal monocultures, and in some cases achieved a higher biomass yield, demonstrating the potential to utilize native species for nutrient polishing and algal biomass production.
A method of high sensitivity and in situ determination of trace cobalt(II) in water samples with salicyl fluorone
Authors: Chen Zhe , Li Hua
Published: October 2014

Based on the sensitive reaction of Co(II) and salicyl fluorone with the presence of cetylpyridinium bromide in basic solution, a new method of flow injection micelle-solubilized spectrophotometry was developed for the determination of cobalt. The reaction was monitored for the absorbance of Co(II) at 540 nm. The reagents, flow injection variables and effects of foreign ions were investigated and the optimum conditions were established. At the optimum test conditions, the developed method provides a linearity range of 3–40 μg L−1 with a detection limit of 0.1 μg L−1 at about 60 h−1 sampling frequency. Relative standard deviation of 0.91, 0.95 and 0.89% were obtained for the determination of 3, 15 and 30 μg L−1 Co(II) solution. The proposed method has been successfully applied for analysis of trace amounts of cobalt in water samples.
Numerical simulation and field test study of desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment through flue gas
Authors: Deng Jia-jia , Pan Liang-ming , Chen De-qi , Dong Yu-quan , Wang Cheng-mu , Liu Hang , Kang Mei-qiang
Published: October 2014

Aimed at cost saving and pollution reduction, a novel desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment system (DWETS) for handling wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) wastewater of a coal-fired power plant was studied. The system's advantages include simple process, and less investment and space. The feasibility of this system has been proven and the appropriate position and number of nozzles, the spray droplet size and flue gas temperature limitation have been obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The simulation results show that a longer duct, smaller diameter and higher flue gas temperature could help to increase the evaporation rate. The optimal DWETS design of Shangdu plant is 100 μm droplet sprayed by two nozzles located at the long duct when the flue gas temperature is 130 °C. Field tests were carried out based on the simulation results. The effects of running DWETS on the downstream devices have been studied. The results show that DWETS has a positive impact on ash removal efficiency and does not have any negative impact on the electrostatic precipitator (ESP), flue gas heat exchanger and WFGD. The pH values of the slurry of WFGD slightly increase when the DWETS is running. The simulation and field test of the DWETS show that it is a feasible future technology for desulfurization wastewater treatment.
Recent extreme air temperature changes in Montenegro
Authors: Buric Dragan , Ducic Vladan , Mihajlovic Jovan , Lukovic Jelena , Dragojlovic Jovan
Published: October 2014

The studies show that the changes in intensity and frequency of the extreme
weather events have been registered in many regions of the world. This paper
gives an analysis of the change of 12 air temperature parameters, out of
which 9 are climate indices. The indices suggested by WMO-CCL/CLIVAR have
been used in order to investigate the changes in temperature extremes. The
research related to the topic has been carried out by using the data from 23
meteorological stations for the 1951 - 2010 period and calculations have been
done on the seasonal level. The results show that the maximum and minimum air
temperatures, which have ?warmer values?, are becoming more frequent on the
territory of Montenegro which corresponds to the general idea of global
warming.
Trend of suspended sediment load in the Velika Morava River in the period 1967-2007
Authors: Mustafic Sanja , Manojlovic Predrag , Nikolic Milena , Dobrosavljevic Tanja
Published: October 2014

The paper is concerned with identifying changes in the time series of
discharge (Q), suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and sediment load (Qs)
of the Velika Morva River. The catchment area on farthest hydrological
profile Ljubicevski most on Velika Morava River is approximately 35,496 km2.
In this profile were carried out daily measurements of flow and concetration
of silt in the period from 1967 to 2007. Average perennial transport of
suspended sediment is 2.57?106 t (72.4 t/km2/yr) and ranged from 0.17?106 t
(4.8 t/km2/yr) to 10.02?106 t (282.2 t/km2/yr). Trends determined for Q, SSC
and Qs are statistically obtained using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test.
Results of Mann-Kendall test show that Q has a slight declining trend of
annual values which do not show statistical significance. Decline in
trendline SSC and Qs is a significant at the level of 0.01. Calculating the
standardized regression coefficients, it was found that the relative impact
of SSC on sediment load is 3.1 time higher than the impact of discharge. From
1967 to 2007 the average decrease in sediment load at the mouth of the Velika
Morava into the Danube was 3.1 t/km2/yr.
Chemical composition of the thermomineral waters of Josanicka Banja spa as an origin indicator, balneological valorization and geothermal potential
Authors: Milenic Dejan , Milankovic Djuro , Vranjes Ana , Savic Nevena , Doroslovac Nenad
Published: October 2014

The chemical composition of the groundwater is directly dependent on the
geological structure, hydrogeological and hydrochemical characteristics and
as such it represents an output result of all the factors and processes which
take place in the environment within which they were formed. The chemical
composition of thermomineral waters often represents a crucial factor in
determining the origin, balneological valorization and geothermal potential
of the resources. This work presents the analysis of origin, belneological
valorization and geothermal potential of Josanicka Banja spa, on the basis of
the results gained through making the analyisis of chemical contents of the
thermomineral waters which occur in the area. The ratio of concentrations of
specific chemical components in the thermomineral waters of Josanicka Banja
has served as the basic tool for ascertaining the origin of these waters. On
the basis of the analysis of the main anion-cation and gas compositions as
well as the contents of specific micro-components, a balneological
valorization of these resources has been carried out. Apart from that this
work also presents the calculation of the expected temperatures in the
primary geothermal reservoir, which was carried out on the basis of the
results of chemical analysis of thermomineral waters that occur in the area.
Geothermal potential of about 4 MWt and significant contents of
balneologically active components of the chemical composition of these
waters, open up a possibility for their multi-purpose use, which is also
presented in the work.
Start-up of a free water surface constructed wetland for treating olive mill wastewater
Authors: Michailides Michail , Tatoulis Triantafillos , Sultana Mar-Yam , Tekerlekopoulou Athanasia , Konstantinou Ioannis , Akratos Christos , Pavlou Stavros , Vayenas Dimitrios
Published: October 2014

An olive mill's existing evaporation pond was separated into five cells and
transformed into a free water surface constructed wetland. The constructed
wetland was used as a post-treatment stage for olive mill wastewater (OMW).
Wastewater was previously treated by an aerobic trickling filter. The
influent concentrations in the constructed wetland were 27400 mg.L-1, 4800
mg.L-1, 105 mg.L-1 and 770 mg.L-1 for COD, phenols, ortho-phosphate and TKN,
respectively. Despite the rather high influent concentrations, the
performance of the constructed wetland was very good since after the 60-day
start-up operation period it achieved removal rates of about 94%, 95%, 95%
and 98% for COD, phenols, ortho-phosphate and TKN, respectively. The major
pollutant removal processes can be attributed to both biological processes
occurring in the wetland and photo-oxidation. Laboratory-scale experiments
with OMW from fifth cell of the wetland revealed that the net contribution of
photo-oxidation after 112 hours of simulated solar radiation at 765 W/m2
(i.e. about 38 days of sunlight irradiation) was 18% and 31% removal for COD
and phenols, respectively. In the constructed wetland, the total removal
reached 81% and 86% for COD and phenols, respectively, for the same time
period (38 days).
Kinetics of stibnite (Sb2S3) oxidation at roasting temperatures
Authors: Padilla R. , Aracena A. , Ruiz M.C.
Published: October 2014

Experimental work on the oxidation of stibnite (Sb2S3) was carried out at
temperatures between 350 and 500?C and oxygen partial pressures between 1.01
and 21.28 kPa by using a thermogravimetric analysis method. The oxidation
rate of stibnite was significantly influenced by both temperature and partial
pressure of oxygen. Stibnite oxidized in one step to valentinite (Sb2O3) and
neither stibnite nor valentinite showed a detectable rate of volatilization
at these low temperatures. The oxidation reaction of stibnite was analyzed by
using the shrinking core model and it was found that the rate of reaction was
controlled by the surface chemical reaction and it was of 3/5 order with
respect to the oxygen partial pressure. The intrinsic rate constants were
determined and an activation energy value of 90.3 kJ/mol was obtained for the
range of temperature studied.
Thermodynamic properties of the liquid Ag-Bi-Cu-Sn lead-free solder alloys
Authors: Garzel G. , Kopyto M. , Zabdyr L.A.
Published: October 2014

The electromotive force measurement method was employed to determine the
thermodynamic properties of liquid Ag-Bi-Cu-Sn alloys using solid electrolyte
galvanic cells as shown below: Kanthal+Re, Ag-Bi-Cu-Sn, SnO2 | Yttria
Stabilized Zirconia | air, Pt, Experiments were made within temperature
interval: 950 - 1300K along four composition paths of constant ratios: XAg :
XBi : XCu = 1, XAg : (XBi + XCu) = 3:2 for XBi = XCu, XBi : (XAg + XCu) = 3:2
for XAg = XCu and XCu : (XAg + XBi) = 3:2 for XAg = XBi and tin concentration
changing from 0.1 to 0.9 mole fractions, every 0.1. Almost all the results
were approximated by straight line equations: EMF vs T, and tin activities
were then calculated in arbitrary temperature; measurement results were
presented by graphs. Unusual activity plot for XBi : (XAg + XCu) = 3:2
composition path was most probably caused by miscibility gap detected earlier
in Bi-Cu-Sn ternary liquid alloys.
Thermodynamic assessment of the Mg-Pb and Mg-Bi systems using substitutional solution and associate models for the liquid phase
Authors: Zhang F. , Tang Y. , Hu B. , Liu S. , Du Y. , Zhang Y.
Published: October 2014

By means of CALPHAD approach, thermodynamic assessments of the Mg-Pb and
Mg-Bi systems were carried out based on the available experimental data
including thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium data. The liquid
phase was described with both the substitutional solution model and the
associate model, and two sets of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for
the Mg-Pb and Mg-Bi systems were obtained, respectively. It was found that
the associate model can account for the experimental data more satisfactorily
than the substitutional solution one, especially for the liquid phase with
the short-range order behavior.
Interdiffusion coefficients and atomic mobilities in fcc Cu-Fe-Mn alloys
Authors: Li J. , Liu T. , Chen W. , Wang S. , Zhang L. , Du Y. , Xu H.
Published: October 2014

In the present work, the interdiffusion coefficients in fcc Cu-Fe-Mn alloys
were experimentally determined via a combination of solid/solid diffusion
couples, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) technique and Matano-Kirkaldy
method. Based on the reliable thermodynamic description of fcc phase in the
Cu-Fe-Mn system available in the literature as well as the ternary diffusion
coefficients measured in the present work, the atomic mobilities in fcc
Cu-Fe-Mn alloys were assessed by utilizing the DICTRA (Diffusion Controlled
TRAnsformation) software package. The calculated interdiffusion coefficients
based on the assessed atomic mobilities agree well with most of the
experimental data. The comprehensive comparison between various
model-predicted diffusion properties and the measured data, including the
concentration penetration profiles, interdiffusion flux profile, and
diffusion paths, further verify the reliability of the presently obtained
atomic mobilities.
Boriding kinetics of Fe2B layers formed on AISI 1045 steel
Authors: Zuno-Silva J. , Ortiz-Domínguez M. , Keddam M. , Elias-Espinosa M. , Damián-Mejía O. , Cardoso-Legorreta E. , Abreu-Quijano M.
Published: October 2014

In the present work, a diffusion model was suggested to study the growth
kinetics of Fe2B layers grown on the AISI 1045 steel by the pack-boriding
treatment. The generated boride layers were analyzed by optical microscopy
and X-ray diffraction analysis. The applied diffusion model is based on the
principle of mass conservation at the (Fe2B/ substrate) interface. It was
used to estimate the boron diffusion coefficients of Fe2B in the temperature
range of 1123-1273 K. A validation of the model was also made by comparing
the experimental Fe2B layer thickness obtained at 1253 K for 5 h of treatment
with the predicted value. Basing on our experimental results, the boron
activation energy was estimated as 180 kJ mol-1 for the AISI 1045 steel.
The porosity and roughness of electrodeposited calcium phosphate coatings in simulated body fluid
Authors: Djosic Marija , Mitric Miodrag , Miskovic-Stankovic Vesna
Published: October 2014

Calcium phosphate coatings were electrochemically deposited on titanium from
the aqueous solution of Ca(NO3)2 and NH4H2PO4 with the current density of 10
mA cm-2 for deposition time of 15 min. The obtained brushite coatings,
(CaHPO4?2H2O), were converted to hydroxyapatite (HA) by soaking in simulated
body fluid (SBF) for 2, 7 and 14 days. The brushite and hydroxyapatite
coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was shown that the
increase in soaking time increases the porosity, roughness and crystallite
domain size of HA coatings and decreases the unit cell parameters and unit
cell volume, while does not affect the HA mean pore area. The calcium and
phosphorus ions concentrations in SBF were determined by atomic absorption
spectroscopy (AAS) and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively and the mechanism of
HA growth based on dissolution-precipitation was proposed.
An adaptive ES with a ranking based constraint handling strategy
Authors: Kusakci Ali , Can Mehmet
Published: October 2014

To solve a constrained optimization problem, equality constraints can be used
to eliminate a problem variable. If it is not feasible, the relations imposed
implicitly by the constraints can still be exploited. Most conventional
constraint handling methods in Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) do not consider
the correlations between problem variables imposed by the constraints. This
paper relies on the idea that a proper search operator, which captures
mentioned implicit correlations, can improve performance of evolutionary
constrained optimization algorithms. To realize this, an Evolution Strategy
(ES) along with a simplified Covariance Matrix Adaptation (CMA) based
mutation operator is used with a ranking based constraint-handling method.
The proposed algorithm is tested on 13 benchmark problems as well as on a
real life design problem. The outperformance of the algorithm is significant
when compared with conventional ES-based methods.
Rolling Stability of a Power-Generating Tumbleweed Rover
Authors: Hogan François Robert , Forbes James Richard , Barfoot Timothy David
Published: October 2014

In this paper, the rolling stability of a power-generating tumbleweed rover is investigated. The nonlinear equations of motion of the rover capture the nonholonomic nature of rolling without slipping, the external wind force, and energy dissipation due to rolling friction and power generation. To assess stability of the system as it rolls about a preferred axis of rotation, Lyapunov’s indirect method is employed. When the shell of the tumbleweed rover has a uniform mass distribution, Lyapunov’s indirect method predicts instability; when the inertia about a preferred axis of rotation is increased, Lyapunov’s indirect method predicts stability. Numerical simulation results of both the linearized and nonlinear equations of motion confirm both the instability and stability predictions of Lyapunov’s indirect method.
Serge Lifar as a Dance Historian and the Myth of Russian Dance in Zarubezhnaia Rossiia (Russia Abroad) 1930–1940
Authors: Veroli Patrizia
Published: October 2014

Serge Lifar built his career during the 1930s, a decade crucial to understanding his ‘années noires’ – or ‘black years’, as the French historian Henry Rousso called the period of the German occupation of Paris (1940–1944). Lifar's powerful and respected position at the Paris Opéra, the social connections he had built and maintained and the psychological impact of exile: all these elements help clarify Lifar's accommodating attitude towards the German occupants of his adopted city. 1

During the 1930s Lifar came to be accepted in French intellectual society as the ‘heir’ of Serge Diaghilev. Through his publications he made a powerful contribution to the process by which Diaghilev's Ballets Russes assumed its paramount position in the development of modern ballet, a process set in motion by the impresario himself. 2 Lifar played this role chiefly in France. In the English-speaking world, where relatively few of his books appeared in translation, other writers served to canonise the Diaghilev endeavour, albeit for somewhat different ends. 3

A list of Lifar's publications in Russian and other languages (French above all) displays the growing influence of his actions and authority, the power of his connections (inherited primarily from Diaghilev), and his relentless will to overcome the problems of emigration as he secured not only success as a dancer and choreographer but also a public reputation as an intellectual. 4 The recent discovery of new evidence has led to the identification of the respected Pushkin authority Modeste Hofmann 5 as the writer whose unacknowledged work enabled Lifar to establish himself as an historian. This evidence, provided by Hofmann's grandsons André and Vladimir Hofmann, raises serious questions about the authority of Lifar's books. An interplay of subjective relationships is woven into the texture of these narratives in which survival and ambition, a paternal attitude and filial respect, exist in constant tension. Neither the making of these books nor the myth of Russian dance which they espouse can be understood without placing their authors in the milieu they shared in Paris as Russian émigrés.
Comedy Ballet as Social Commentary:Till Eulenspiegel(1916)
Authors: Järvinen Hanna
Published: October 2014

In 1916, during the American tours of the Ballets Russes company, Vaslav Nijinsky created a choreography to Richard Strauss's tone poem Till Eulenspiegels lustische Streiche, nach alter Schelmenweise, in Rondo Form (1894–1895). Only performed during the tour, the work was long deemed a failure or an indication of the choreographer's approaching insanity. Tracing the reviews and other contemporary materials, this article asks what can be known of a past performance and rehearsal practice – and what our interpretations of the past reveal of present-day concerns and assumptions about dance as an art form.
The Role ofLe Balet Comiquein Forging the Stuart Masque: Part 1 The Jacobean Initiative
Authors: Daye Anne
Published: October 2014

The prominence of Le Balet Comique in the narrative of Western theatre dance cannot be denied, as every dance history book implies that this performance of 1581 initiated the ballet de cour, while the image of the fugitive gentlemen is reproduced over and over again to represent the work ( McGowan, 2008 , 169). The performance was certainly innovative, but also a development of previous theatre dance in France and Italy. Barbara Sparti questions the basis of the work's fame and places it in a context of earlier Italian dance theatre (2011, 304–322). The impact of the publication in England has not so far been examined. Amongst its many claims to fame, Le Balet Comique was unique in the latter half of the sixteenth century as a publication that brought together information on the performance, costumes, décor, music and dance of a ballet de cour, as well as the planning and intentions of the organisers. The records of other ballets of the period are scattered between published verses, eyewitness accounts, musical scores, costume designs and financial records, most of which remain hidden and uncollated in archives.1The following discussion argues for the use of a single text as a model for new invention in dance theatre. In pursuing this argument, it offers new insights, from a dance perspective, illuminating key works that have principally been discussed as texts rather than as performances. Part 1 deals with the exciting period of innovation under the aegis of the first Stuart king, James VI and I.
Roots of the American Anti-Terrorism Crusade
Authors: Farsoun Samih
Published: October 2014

The 11 September 2001 attacks are a denning moment for the USA. They have changed its perception of international reality by formulating an ideological framework to justify a new political and military strategy that is changing the terms of international relations. This article analyses the strategy towards ‘rogue states’ and ‘regime change’, and explores the emergence of the crusade against terrorism. It examines the domestic roots of this crusade, particularly the roles played by the Christian Right, the Neo-Conservatives, and the pro-Israeli lobbies. These combined forces push US domestic politics to the right, leading to an aggressive interventionist policy in the Middle East. Israeli actions dovetail with this crusade, thus becoming intertwined with domestic American issues. With their self-serving definition of terrorism, the US and Israeli governments prepare to launch a war against Iraq. Whether these combined efforts succeed will depend on the extent of domestic and international opposition.
Ethnocratic Policies and Indigenous Resistance: Bedounin Arabs and the Israeli Settler State
Authors: Yiftachel Oren
Published: October 2014

This article examines the evolving relations between Israel and the indigenous Bedouin Arab population of the southern Beer-Sheba region. It begins with a discussion of theoretical aspects, highlighting a structural conflict embedded in the ‘ethnocratic’ nature of nation-building typical of ‘pure’ settler states, such as Israel. The place of the Bedouin Arab community is then analyzed, focusing on the impact of one of Israel's central policies—the Judaization of territory. The study traces the various legal, planning and economic strategies of Judaizing contested lands in the study area. These have included the nationalization of Arab land, the pervasive establishment of Jewish settlements, the forced urbanization of the Bedouin Arabs, and the denial of basic services to Bedouins who refuse to urbanize. However, the analysis also finds a growing awareness among indigenous Arabs of their being discriminated against on ethnic grounds, and the emergence of effective resistance. In recent years, this has resulted in a deadlock between state authorities and the indigenous peoples. The case of the Bedouin Arabs demonstrates that the ethnocentric settler state is weakening and fragmenting, partially at least, due to its own expansionist land, planning and development policies.
The State of the Art: Biblical Scholarship and the Holy Land
Authors: Prior Michael
Published: October 2014

Studying the Bible in Jerusalem raises unique exegetical questions. The establishment of the state-for-Jews (Judenstaat) inevitably led to the expulsion of Arabs, while Jerusalem itself remains a major issue of the Israeli-Palestinian dispute. The conflict has international implications also, highlighted since 11 September 2001. The killings on that day precipitated the ‘War on Terrorism’ and the USA's ‘Civilizing Crusade’, with more to come. The ‘Christian Right’ in the US, with its characteristic interpretation of the Bible, has considerable influence over US policy. The establishment biblical academy, however, shows few signs of moral perturbation arising from the fact that the Bible is alleged to justify the political arrangements in the Holy Land. This article argues that biblical scholars, in addition to attending to the original contexts of the biblical authors, ought to engage in a moral evaluation of their writings, particularly those land traditions that continue to fuel violence, not least in the Land of the Bible itself. Biblical scholars have the moral responsibility to engage in real, contemporary issues with a view to helping construct a better world.
Diary of an Invasion: Ramallah, April 2002
Authors: Hilal Jamil
Published: October 2014

As dawn broke on March 29, 2002, Israeli tanks, under cover of helicopter gunships, and accompanied by armoured personnel carriers, rolled into Ramallah. Hundreds of soldiers made house-to-house searches, destroyed offices, besieged hospitals, arrested ambulance drivers and medics and prevented wounded civilians from reaching hospital. Hundreds of Palestinian males over the age of fourteen were detained and brutally treated, some died resisting along with other innocent civilians. Operation ‘Defensive Shield’, long planned, and with the aim of destroying the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), had found its opportunity with the suicide bombings of the week before—months of ‘closure’ of Palestinian towns and villages by the Israelis before that had brought the Palestinians to a state of increasing impoverishment and despair.
The Alliance between Fundamentalist Christians and the Pro-Israel Lobby: Christian Zionism in US Middle East Policy
Authors: Wagner Donald E.
Published: October 2014

It is a common assumption in the international media that the fundamentalist Christian Right suddenly appeared on the US political scene following the 11 September 2001 tragedy, and that it became a major force in shaping US policy in the Middle East. While it is true that fundamentalist Christians have exercised considerable influence during the George W. Bush administration, their ascendance is neither new nor surprising. The movement has demonstrated political influence in the US and England intermittently for more than a hundred years, particularly in the formation of Middle East policy. This article focuses on the unique theology and historical development of Christian Zionism, noting its essential beliefs, its emergence in England during the nineteenth century, and how it grew to gain prominence in the US. The alliance of the pro-Israel lobby, the neo-conservative movement, and several Christian Zionist organizations in the US represents a formidable source of support for the more maximalist views of Israel's Likud Party. In the run-up to the 2004 US presidential elections this alliance could potentially thwart any progress on an Israeli–Palestinian peace plan in the near future. Moreover, Likud ideology is increasingly evident in US Middle East policy as a result of this alliance.
From Propaganda to Scholarship: Dr Joseph Schechtman and the Origins of Israeli Polemics on the Palestinian Refugees
Authors: Masalha Nur
Published: October 2014

In 1948 an official ‘Transfer Committee’ was appointed by the Israeli Cabinet to plan the Palestinian refugees' resettlement in the Arab states. Apart from doing everything possible to reduce the Arab population in Israel, the Transfer Committee sought to amplify and consolidate the demographic transformation of Palestine by: preventing the Palestinian refugees from returning to their homes; the destruction of Arab villages; settlement of Jews in Arab villages and towns; and launching a propaganda campaign to discourage Arab return. One of the Transfer Committee's initiatives was to invite Dr Joseph Schechtman, a right-wing Zionist Revisionist leader and expert on ‘population transfer’, to join its efforts. In 1952 Schechtman published a propagandists work entitled The Arab Refugee Problem. Since then Schechtman would become the single most influential propagator of the Zionist myth of ‘voluntary’ exodus in 1948. This article examines the leading role played by Schechtman in promoting Israeli propaganda and politics of denial. Relying on newly-discovered Israeli archival documents, the article deals with little known and new aspects of the secret history of the post-1948 period.
The Palestinian Refugee Camps In Jordan: Between National Identity and Socio-economic Integration
Authors: Al-Hamarneh Ala
Published: October 2014

At least 50 per cent of the population of Jordan is of Palestinian origin. Some 20 per cent of the registered refugees live in ten internationally organized camps, and another 20 per cent in four locally organized camps and numerous informal camps. The camps organized by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) play a major role in keeping Palestinian identity alive. That identity reflects the refugees' rich cultural traditions, political activities, as well as their collective memory, and the distinct character of each camp. Over the past two decades integration of the refugees within Jordanian society has increased. This paper analyses the transformation of the identity of the camp dwellers, as well as their spatial integration in Jordan, and other historical and contemporary factors contributing to this transformation.
Identification of Three Distinct Eggplant Subgroups within the Solanum aethiopicum Gilo Group from Côte d’Ivoire by Morpho-Agronomic Characterization
Authors: Kouassi Auguste , Béli-Sika Eric , Tian-Bi Tah , Alla-N'Nan Oulo , Kouassi Abou , N'Zi Jean-Claude , N'Guetta Assanvo , Tio-Touré Bakary
Published: October 2014

The Solanum aethiopicum Gilo group, described as homogeneous, shows a high diversity, at least at the morphological level. In Côte d’Ivoire, farmers distinguish three subgroups, named “N’Drowa”, “Klogbo” and “Gnangnan”, within this group. Data were obtained from 10 quantitative and 14 qualitative morpho-agronomic traits measured in 326 accessions of Gilo eggplants, at flowering and fruiting stages. Univariate and multivariate analyses allowed clearly clustering the studied accessions into the three subgroups. Fruit taste, leaf blade width, fruit diameter, leaf blade length, fruit weight, fruit color at commercial ripeness, petiole length, germination time, plant breadth, fruit position on the plant, fruit length and flowering time were, in decreasing order, the twelve most discriminating traits. Compared to the “Gnangnan” subgroup, the “N’Drowa” subgroup has smaller plant breadth and larger leaves. The fruits of this subgroup were mainly white at commercial ripeness, larger and sweeter. Most of the traits of the “Klogbo” subgroup were intermediate between those of the “N’Drowa” and “Gnangnan” subgroups. Our results could contribute to a better understanding of S. aethiopicum diversity and to the development of a core collection for African eggplant breeding.
Probing the Kinetic Stabilities of Friedreich’s Ataxia Clinical Variants Using a Solid Phase GroEL Chaperonin Capture Platform
Authors: Correia Ana , Naik Subhashchandra , Fisher Mark , Gomes Cláudio
Published: October 2014

Numerous human diseases are caused by protein folding defects where the protein may become more susceptible to degradation or aggregation. Aberrant protein folding can affect the kinetic stability of the proteins even if these proteins appear to be soluble in vivo. Experimental discrimination between functional properly folded and misfolded nonfunctional conformers is not always straightforward at near physiological conditions. The differences in the kinetic behavior of two initially folded frataxin clinical variants were examined using a high affinity chaperonin kinetic trap approach at 25 °C. The kinetically stable wild type frataxin (FXN) shows no visible partitioning onto the chaperonin. In contrast, the clinical variants FXN-p.Asp122Tyr and FXN-p.Ile154Phe kinetically populate partial folded forms that tightly bind the GroEL chaperonin platform. The initially soluble FXN-p.Ile154Phe variant partitions onto GroEL more rapidly and is more kinetically liable. These differences in kinetic stability were confirmed using differential scanning fluorimetry. The kinetic and aggregation stability differences of these variants may lead to the distinct functional impairments described in Friedreich’s ataxia, the neurodegenerative disease associated to frataxin functional deficiency. This chaperonin platform approach may be useful for identifying small molecule stabilizers since stabilizing ligands to frataxin variants should lead to a concomitant decrease in chaperonin binding.
Genotyping-By-Sequencing for Plant Genetic Diversity Analysis: A Lab Guide for SNP Genotyping
Authors: Peterson Gregory , Dong Yibo , Horbach Carolee , Fu Yong-Bi
Published: October 2014

Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) has recently emerged as a promising genomic approach for exploring plant genetic diversity on a genome-wide scale. However, many uncertainties and challenges remain in the application of GBS, particularly in non-model species. Here, we present a GBS protocol we developed and use for plant genetic diversity analysis. It uses two restriction enzymes to reduce genome complexity, applies Illumina multiplexing indexes for barcoding and has a custom bioinformatics pipeline for genotyping. This genetic diversity-focused GBS (gd-GBS) protocol can serve as an easy-to-follow lab guide to assist a researcher through every step of a GBS application with five main components: sample preparation, library assembly, sequencing, SNP calling and diversity analysis. Specifically, in this presentation, we provide a brief overview of the GBS approach, describe the gd-GBS procedures, illustrate it with an application to analyze genetic diversity in 20 flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) accessions and discuss related issues in GBS application. Following these lab bench procedures and using the custom bioinformatics pipeline, one could generate genome-wide SNP genotype data for a conventional genetic diversity analysis of a non-model plant species.