bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Basis of an Inherited Form of Incomplete Achromatopsia
Authors: Tränkner Dimitri , Jägle Herbert , Kohl Susanne , Apfelstedt-Sylla Eckart , Sharpe Lindsay T. , Kaupp U. Benjamin , Zrenner Eberhart , Seifert Reinhard , Wissinger Bernd
Published: January 2004

Mutations in the genes encoding the CNGA3 and CNGB3 subunits of the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel of cone photoreceptors have been associated with autosomal recessive achromatopsia. Here we analyze the molecular basis of achromatopsia in two siblings with residual cone function. Psychophysical and electroretinographic analyses show that the light sensitivity of the cone system is lowered, and the signal transfer from cones to secondary neurons is perturbed. Both siblings carry two mutantCNGA3alleles that give rise to channel subunits with different single-amino acid substitutions. Heterologous expression revealed that only one mutant forms functional channels, albeit with grossly altered properties, including changes in Ca2+blockage and permeation. Surprisingly, coexpression of this mutant subunit with CNGB3 rescues the channel phenotype, except for the Ca2+interaction. We argue that these alterations are responsible for the perturbations in light sensitivity and synaptic transmission.
Wnt Signaling Mutants Have Decreased Dentate Granule Cell Production and Radial Glial Scaffolding Abnormalities
Authors: Zhou Cheng-Ji , Zhao Chunjie , Pleasure Samuel J.
Published: January 2004

LRP6 mutant mice have generalized defects in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway because of the crucial function of LRP6 as a Wnt signaling co-receptor (Pinson et al., 2000). We examined the hippocampal phenotype of single LRP6 mutant mice as well as LRP6/Lef1 double mutant mice. LRP6 mutants had reduced production of dentate granule neurons and abnormalities of the radial glial scaffolding in the forming dentate gyrus. These defects were more severe with the addition of a single Lef1 null allele to an LRP6 null background. Pyramidal cell fields were unaffected in the LRP6, Lef1, or double mutants. The dentate defects were accompanied by decreased numbers of mitotic precursors in the migratory pathway to the dentate and in the displaced proliferative zone in the dentate itself. At earlier gestational ages, there was a reduction in the number of dentate granule cell progenitors in the dentate ventricular zone before the emigration of the earliest differentiated granule neurons and precursors to form the dentate anlage.
Widespread Thalamic Terminations of Fibers Arising in the Superficial Medullary Dorsal Horn of Monkeys and Their Relation to Calbindin Immunoreactivity
Authors: Graziano Alessandro , Jones Edward G.
Published: January 2004

The relay of pain fibers from the spinal and medullary dorsal horn in the thalamus has become a controversial issue. This study analyzed the relationship of fibers arising in lamina I to nuclei in and around the caudal pole of the ventral posterior nuclear complex and especially to a zone of calbindin-dense immunoreactivity (VMpo) identified by some authors as the sole thalamic relay for these fibers. We show that the densest zone of calbindin immunoreactivity is part of a more extensive, calbindin-immunoreactive region that lies well within the medial tip of the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM), as delineated by other staining methods, and prove that the use of different anti-calbindin antibodies cannot account for differences in interpretations of the organization of the posterior thalamic region. By combining immunocytochemical staining with anterograde tracing from injections involving lamina I, we demonstrate widespread fiber terminations that are not restricted to the calbindin-rich medial tip of VPM and show that the lamina I arising fibers are not themselves calbindin immunoreactive. This study disproves the existence of VMpo as an independent thalamic pain nucleus or as a specific relay in the ascending pain system.
Transient Electrical Coupling Delays the Onset of Chemical Neurotransmission at Developing Synapses
Authors: Szabo Theresa M. , Faber Donald S. , Zoran Mark J.
Published: January 2004

The formation and subsequent elimination of electrical coupling between neurons has been demonstrated in many developing vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. The relationship between the disappearance of electrical synaptic connectivity and the appearance of chemical neurotransmission is not well understood. We report here that identified motoneurons from the snailHelisomaformed transient electrical and chemical connections during regeneration bothin vivoandin vitro. Electrical connections that formedin vivowere strongest by day 2 and no longer detectable by day 7. During elimination of this electrical connection, an inhibitory chemical connection from 110 onto 19 formed. This sequence of synaptic development was recapitulated in cell culture with a similar time course. The relationship between the appearance of transient electrical coupling and its possible effects on the subsequent chemical synaptogenesis were examined by reducing transient intercellular coupling. Trophic factor-deprived medium resulted in a 66% reduction in coupling coefficient. In these conditions, the unidirectional chemical connection formed readily; in contrast, chemical synaptogenesis was delayed in cell pairs exposed to trophic factors where transient electrical coupling was strong. Dye coupling and synaptic vesicle cycling studies supported electrophysiological results. Exposure to cholinergic antagonists, curare and hexamethonium bromide, which block chemical neurotransmission in these synapses, resulted in prolonged maintenance of the electrical connection. These studies demonstrated an inverse relationship between chemical and electrical connectivity at early stages of synaptic development and suggest a dynamic interaction between these forms of neuronal communication as adult neural networks are constructed or regenerated.
Climbing Fiber Activation of EAAT4 Transporters and Kainate Receptors in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
Authors: Huang Yanhua H. , Dykes-Hoberg Margaret , Tanaka Kohichi , Rothstein Jeffrey D. , Bergles Dwight E.
Published: January 2004

Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) express two glutamate transporters, EAAC1 (EAAT3) and EAAT4; however, their relative contribution to the uptake of glutamate at synapses is not known. We found that glutamate transporter currents recorded at climbing fiber (CF)-PC synapses are absent in mice lacking EAAT4 but unchanged in mice lacking EAAC1, indicating that EAAT4 is preferentially involved in clearing glutamate from CF synapses. However, comparison of CF synaptic currents between wild-type and transporter knock-out mice revealed that ionotropic glutamate receptors are responsible for >40% of the current previously attributed to transporters, indicating that PCs remove <10% of the glutamate released by the CF. The receptors responsible for the nontransporter component accounted for 5% of the CF EPSC, had a slower time course and lower occupancy than AMPA receptors at CF synapses, and exhibited pharmacological properties consistent with kainate receptors. In GluR5 knock-out mice, this current was dramatically reduced, indicating that CF excitation of PCs involves two distinct classes of ionotropic glutamate receptors, AMPA receptors and GluR5-containing kainate receptors.
Neuroprotective Function of the PGE2EP2 Receptor in Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: McCullough Louise , Wu Liejun , Haughey Norman , Liang Xibin , Hand Tracey , Wang Qian , Breyer Richard M. , Andreasson Katrin
Published: January 2004

The cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 catalyze the first committed step of prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid. Previous studies in rodent stroke models have shown that the inducible COX-2 isoform promotes neuronal injury, and the administration of COX-2 inhibitors reduces infarct volume. We investigated the function of PGE2, a principal prostaglandin product of COX-2 enzymatic activity, in neuronal survival in cerebral ischemia. PGE2exerts its downstream effects by signaling through a class of four distinct G-protein-coupled EP receptors (for E-prostanoid: EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4) that have divergent effects on cAMP and phosphoinositol turnover and different anatomical distributions in brain. The EP2 receptor subtype is abundantly expressed in cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus, and is positively coupled to cAMP production.In vitrostudies of dispersed neurons and organotypic hippocampal cultures demonstrated that activation of the EP2 receptor was neuroprotective in paradigms of NMDA toxicity and oxygen glucose deprivation. Pharmacologic blockade of EP2 signaling by inhibition of protein kinase A activation reversed this protective effect, suggesting that EP2-mediated neuroprotection is dependent on cAMP signaling. In the middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model of transient forebrain ischemia, genetic deletion of the EP2 receptor significantly increased cerebral infarction in cerebral cortex and subcortical structures. These studies indicate that activation of the PGE2EP2 receptor can protect against excitotoxic and anoxic injury in a cAMP-dependent manner. Taken together, these data suggest a novel mechanism of neuroprotection mediated by a dominant PGE2receptor subtype in brain that may provide a target for therapeutic intervention.
Endocannabinoids Mediate Presynaptic Inhibition of Glutamatergic Transmission in Rat Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons through Activation of CB1 Receptors
Authors: Melis Miriam , Pistis Marco , Perra Simona , Muntoni Anna Lisa , Pillolla Giuliano , Gessa Gian Luigi
Published: January 2004

The endogenous cannabinoid system has been shown to play a crucial role in controlling neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. In this study we investigated the effects of a cannabinoid receptor (CB-R) agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) on excitatory synaptic transmission in the rat ventral tegmental area (VTA). Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed from VTA dopamine (DA) neurons in anin vitroslice preparation. WIN reduced both NMDA and AMPA EPSCs, as well as miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs), and increased the paired-pulse ratio, indicating a presynaptic locus of its action. We also found that WIN-induced effects were dose-dependent and mimicked by the CB1-R agonist HU210. Furthermore, two CB1-R antagonists, AM281 and SR141716A, blocked WIN-induced effects, suggesting that WIN modulates excitatory synaptic transmission via activation of CB1-Rs. Our additional finding that both AM281 and SR141716Aper seincreased NMDA EPSCs suggests that endogenous cannabinoids, released from depolarized postsynaptic neurons, might act retrogradely on presynaptic CB1-Rs to suppress glutamate release. Hence, we report that a type of synaptic modulation, previously termed depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE), is present also in the VTA as a calcium-dependent phenomenon, blocked by both AM281 and SR141716A, and occluded by WIN. Importantly, DSE was partially blocked by the D2DA antagonist eticlopride and enhanced by the D2DA agonist quinpirole without changing the presynaptic cannabinoid sensitivity. These results indicate that the two pathways work in a cooperative manner to release endocannabinoids in the VTA, where they play a role as retrograde messengers for DSE via CB1-Rs.
Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Is Required for the Induction of Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Epileptiform Discharges
Authors: Zhao Wangfa , Bianchi Riccardo , Wang Min , Wong Robert K. S.
Published: January 2004

Transient stimulation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) induces persistent prolonged epileptiform discharges in hippocampal slices via a protein synthesis-dependent process. At present, the signaling process underlying the induction of these epileptiform discharges remains unknown. We examined the possible role of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1 and ERK2) because these kinases can be activated by group I mGluRs, and their activation may regulate gene expression and alter protein synthesis. The group I mGluR agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG; 50 μm) induced activation of ERK1/2 in hippocampal slices. 2-(2-Diamino-3-methoxyphenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (PD98059) (50 μm) a specific inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), suppressed ERK1/2 activation by DHPG. PD98059 or another MEK inhibitor, 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-aminophenylthio]butadiene (10 μm), also prevented the induction of the prolonged epileptiform discharges by DHPG. In the presence of ionotropic glutamate receptor inhibitors and tetrodotoxin (blockers), DHPG-induced epileptiform discharges were suppressed, whereas ERK1/2 activation persisted. Protein kinase C inhibitors (2-[1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-5-methoxyindol-3-yl]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl) maleimide, 1 μm; or chelerythrine, 10 μm) did not prevent the generation of DHPG-induced epileptiform discharges, nor did they suppress the activation of ERK1/2 by DHPG in slices pretreated with the blockers. Genistein (30 μm), a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppressed the DHPG-induced epileptiform discharges and the ERK1/2 activation in the presence of blockers. Induction of DHPG-mediated epileptiform discharges was also suppressed by 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (10 μm), an Src-family tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The study shows that group I mGluRs activate ERK1/2 through a tyrosine kinase-dependent process and that this activation of ERK1/2 is necessary for the induction of prolonged epileptiform discharges in the hippocampus.
Neurite Outgrowth by the Alternatively Spliced Region of Human Tenascin-C Is Mediated by Neuronal α7β1 Integrin
Authors: Mercado Mary Lynn T. , Nur-e-Kamal Alam , Liu Hsing-Yin , Gross Stephane R. , Movahed Reza , Meiners Sally
Published: January 2004

The region of tenascin-C containing only alternately spliced fibronectin type-III repeat D (fnD) increases neurite outgrowth by itself and also as part of tenascin-C. We previously localized the active site within fnD to an eight amino acid sequence unique to tenascin-C, VFDNFVLK, and showed that the amino acids FD and FV are required for activity. The purpose of this study was to identify the neuronal receptor that interacts with VFDNFVLK and to investigate the hypothesis that FD and FV are important for receptor binding. Function-blocking antibodies against both α7 and β1 integrin subunits were found to abolish VFDNFVLK-mediated process extension from cerebellar granule neurons. VFDNFVLK but not its mutant, VSPNGSLK, induced clustering of neuronal β1 integrin immunoreactivity. This strongly implicates FD and FV as important structural elements for receptor activation. Moreover, biochemical experiments revealed an association of the α7β1 integrin with tenascin-C peptides containing the VFDNFVLK sequence but not with peptides with alterations in FD and/or FV. These findings are the first to provide evidence that the α7β1 integrin mediates a response to tenascin-C and the first to demonstrate a functional role for the α7β1 integrin receptor in CNS neurons.
Input-Specific Modulation of Neurotransmitter Release in the Lateral Horn of the Spinal Cord via Adenosine Receptors
Authors: Brooke Ruth E. , Deuchars Jim , Deuchars Susan A.
Published: January 2004

Activation of adenosine A2Areceptors (A2ARs) in the CNS produces a variety of neuromodulatory actions dependent on the region and preparation examined. In autonomic regions of the spinal cord, A1R activation decreases excitatory synaptic transmission, but the effects of A2AR stimulation are unknown. We sought to determine the location and function of the A2ARs in the thoracic spinal cord, focusing on the intermediolateral cell column (IML). A2AR immunoreactivity was observed throughout the gray matter, with particularly dense immunostaining in regions containing sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs), namely, the IML and intercalated nucleus. Electron microscopy revealed A2AR immunoreactivity within presynaptic terminals and in postsynaptic structures in the IML. To study the functional relevance of these A2ARs, visualized whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from electrophysiologically identified SPNs and interneurons within the IML. The A2AR agonist c2-[p-(carboxyethyl)phenethylamino]-5′-N-ethylcarboxyamidoadenosine (CGS 21680) had no significant effect on EPSPs but increased the amplitude of IPSPs elicited by stimulation of the lateral funiculus. These effects were attributable to activation of presynaptic A2ARs because CGS 21680 application altered the paired pulse ratio. Furthermore, neurons in the IML that have IPSPs increased via A2AR activation also receive excitatory inputs that are inhibited by A1R activation. These data show that activating A2ARs increase inhibitory but not excitatory transmission onto neurons in the IML. Simultaneous activation of A1Rs and A2ARs therefore could facilitate inhibition of the postsynaptic neuron, leading to an overall reduction of sympathetic nervous activity.
Magnitude of Dopamine Release in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Accuracy of Memory on a Delayed Response Task
Authors: Phillips Anthony G. , Ahn Soyon , Floresco Stan B.
Published: January 2004

Modulation of neural function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) by dopamine (DA) is essential for higher cognitive processes related to attention, working memory, and planning of future behavior. The present study demonstrates that DA efflux in the PFC is increased in a phasic manner when a rat engages in search behavior for food reward on an eight arm radial maze guided by memory, independent of whether or not reward is obtained for making the correct choice. Furthermore, disruption of accurate recall of the correct pattern of arms induced by increasing the delay period from 30 min to 1 or 6 hr, is associated with attenuated DA efflux during the retrieval phase of the task. The observed increase in DA efflux in the absence of reward at a 30 min delay and the minimal increase during consumption of the same quantity of food during poor performance after an unexpected 6 hr delay, argue against a simple relationship between DA function in the PFC and reward processes. Instead, these data demonstrate a close functional relationship between the release of DA from terminals within the PFC and the retrieval of specific trial unique memories; furthermore, the magnitude of mesocortical DA efflux is predictive of the accuracy of this form of memory.
Selective Effects of Potassium Elevations on Glutamate Signaling and Action Potential Conduction in Hippocampus
Authors: Meeks Julian P. , Mennerick Steven
Published: January 2004

High-frequency synaptic transmission is depressed by moderate rises in the extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o). Previous reports have indicated that depression of action potential signaling may underlie the synaptic depression. Here, we investigated the specific contribution of K+-induced action potential changes to synaptic depression. We found that glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampal area CA1 was significantly depressed by 8-10 mm[K+]o, but that GABAergic transmission remained intact. Riluzole, a drug that slows recovery from inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaChs), interacts with subthreshold [K+]oto depress afferent volleys and EPSCs strongly. Thus, elevated [K+]olikely depresses synapses by slowing NaCh recovery from inactivation. It is unclear from previous studies whether [K+]o-induced action potential depression is caused by changes in initiation, reliability, or waveform. We investigated these possibilities explicitly. [K+]o-induced afferent volley depression was independent of stimulus strength, suggesting that changes in action potential initiation do not explain [K+]o-induced depression. Measurements of action potentials from single axons revealed that 8 mm[K+]oincreased conduction failures in a subpopulation of fibers and depressed action potential amplitude in all fibers. Together, these changes quantitatively account for the afferent volley depression. We estimate that conduction failure explains more than half of the synaptic depression observed at 8 mm[K+]o, with the remaining depression likely explained by waveform changes. These mechanisms of selective sensitivity of glutamate release to [K+]oaccumulation represent a unique neuromodulatory mechanism and a brake on runaway excitation.
Trends in Out-of-Pocket Costs for and Characteristics of Pharmacy-Dispensed Naloxone by Payer Type
Authors: Jiang Xinyi , Strahan Andrea E. , Zhang Kun , Guy Gery P.
Published: January 2024

This study examines mean yearly out-of-pocket cost for naloxone dispensed from retail pharmacies by payer between 2018 and 2022 and by prescription characteristics and payer in 2022.
AI-Generated Clinical Summaries Require More Than Accuracy
Authors: Goodman Katherine E. , Yi Paul H. , Morgan Daniel J.
Published: January 2024

This Viewpoint discusses AI-generated clinical summaries and the necessity of transparent development of standards for their safe rollout.
Availability and Coverage of New Drugs in 6 High-Income Countries With Health Technology Assessment Bodies
Authors: Wouters Olivier J. , Naci Huseyin , Papanicolas Irene
Published: January 2024

This cohort study analyzes review times and approval outcomes of health technology assessments conducted in 6 high-income countries for novel therapeutic agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
A Strategy for Artificial Intelligence With Clinical Impact—Eyes on the Prize
Authors: Nijman Joppe , Zoodsma Ruben S. , Koomen Erik
Published: January 2024

This Viewpoint describes a strategy for addressing major challenges in artificial intelligence in pediatrics to maximize clinical impact.
Autophagy‐dependent alternative splicing of ribosomal protein S24 produces a more stable isoform that aids in hypoxic cell survival
Authors: Kerry Jenna , Specker Erin J. , Mizzoni Morgan , Brumwell Andrea , Fell Leslie , Goodbrand Jenna , Rosen Michael N. , Uniacke James
Published: January 2024

Cells remodel splicing and translation machineries to mount specialized gene expression responses to stress. Here, we show that hypoxic human cells in 2D and 3D culture models increase the relative abundance of a longer mRNA variant of ribosomal protein S24 (RPS24L) compared to a shorter mRNA variant (RPS24S) by favoring the inclusion of a 22 bp cassette exon. Mechanistically, RPS24L and RPS24S are induced and repressed, respectively, by distinct pathways in hypoxia: RPS24L is induced in an autophagy‐dependent manner, while RPS24S is reduced by mTORC1 repression in a hypoxia‐inducible factor‐dependent manner. RPS24L produces a more stable protein isoform that aids in hypoxic cell survival and growth, which could be exploited by cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Efficient data collection for camera trap‐based density estimation: A preliminary assessment
Authors: Ternyik Bálint , McKaughan Jamie E. T. , Hill Russell A. , Stephens Philip A.
Published: January 2024

Camera traps have great potential for generating wildlife insights by providing high resolution site‐specific data. Methods of data collection and analysis reliant on these tools for population density estimation can be relatively resource intensive, hindering their mainstream adoption.

Here, we explore the potential of population density estimates derived from a distance sampling method based on optics theory, which greatly simplifies the process of setting up camera sites and analysing data. Specifically, we (1) tested the method on human subjects in an artificial environment, (2) compared it to another method relying on virtual grids on images using wild populations of black‐backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) and African civet (Civettictis civetta) in South Africa and (3) deployed it to estimate wild boar (Sus scrofa) population densities in Hungary.

The initial human trials resulted in an estimate that was extremely close to true population density. When compared to the virtual grid method, results suggest that our distance sampling method can deliver accurate estimates with increased convenience and robustness against disruptions of the camera sites. The wild boar study resulted in a realistic density estimate, which can be used as a baseline when assessing future fluctuations in population density.

As this new approach does not have special requirements for setting up camera sites, it is efficient and widely applicable across other density estimation methods requiring an estimate for effective detection distance. Additionally, the method can be applied in the retrospective analysis of existing datasets.
Dietary Inflammatory Index and Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Detected Knee Structural Change and Pain: A 10.7‐Year Follow‐up Study
Authors: Ma Canchen , Searle Daniel , Tian Jing , Cervo Mavil May , Scott David , Hebert James R. , Oddy Wendy H. , Cicuttini Flavia , Jones Graeme , Pan Feng
Published: January 2024

Objective

To determine whether the dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores were associated with knee structural changes and pain over a 10.7‐year follow‐up.

Methods

This study used data from a prospective population‐based cohort study (mean age 63 years, 51% female) in which 1,099, 875, 768, and 566 participants completed assessments at baseline, 2.6, 5.1, and 10.7 years, respectively. T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed to measure cartilage volume (CV) and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) at baseline and 10.7 years. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain questionnaire was used to measure knee pain at each visit. Pain trajectories (“minimal pain,” “mild pain,” and “moderate pain”) were previously identified. Baseline energy‐adjusted DII (E‐DII) scores were calculated. Linear, log‐binomial regression, linear mixed‐effects modeling, and multi‐nominal logistic regression were used for analyses.

Results

The mean ± SD E‐DII score at baseline was −0.48 ± 1.39. In multivariable analyses, higher E‐DII scores were not associated with tibial CV loss or BML size increase except for medial tibial BML size increase. Higher E‐DII scores were associated with a higher pain score (β = 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004–0.43) and an increased risk of belonging to the “moderate pain” compared to the “minimal pain” trajectory group (relative risk ratio 1.19; 95% CI 1.02–1.39).

Conclusion

A proinflammatory diet, as indicated by a higher DII score, may be associated with a greater pain score and higher risk of more severe pain trajectory over 10 years. However, inconsistent findings related to structural changes suggest a discordance between the potential impact of diet on structural damage and pain in knee OA.
Filtered generalized iterative parameter identification for equation‐error autoregressive models based on the filtering identification idea
Authors: Ding Feng , Shao Xingling , Xu Ling , Zhang Xiao , Xu Huan , Zhou Yihong
Published: January 2024

By using the collected batch data and the iterative search, and based on the filtering identification idea, this article investigates and proposes a filtered multi‐innovation generalized projection‐based iterative identification method, a filtered generalized gradient‐based iterative identification method, a filtered generalized least squares‐based iterative identification method, a filtered multi‐innovation generalized gradient‐based iterative identification method and a filtered multi‐innovation generalized least squares‐based iterative identification method for equation‐error autoregressive systems described by the equation‐error autoregressive models. These filtered generalized iterative identification methods can be extended to other linear and nonlinear scalar and multivariable stochastic systems with colored noises.
3D Printed Power Source for Point‐of‐Care Diagnostics
Authors: Van Looy Lore , Parra‐Cabrera Cesar , Vanduffel An , Adriaenssens Jonas , Vereecken Philippe M. , Ameloot Rob
Published: January 2024

Point‐of‐care (POC) devices require more advanced detection techniques than those currently available to achieve enhanced quantification and sensitivity. Incorporating a micro power supply could be a viable solution to enable the implementation of these techniques. In recent years, paper‐based microfluidic galvanic cells (μGCs) have emerged as promising disposable power sources; however, the fabrication process remains labor intensive. This study demonstrates the potential of three‐dimensional printing as a novel fabrication method for μGCs. The autonomous μGCs are fabricated using a powder‐based 3DPed method, resulting in a porous body in which capillary forces enable the coflow of redox‐active solutions. As a proof of concept, a handheld glucometer is powered by coupling four μGCs in series.
Giant Critical Thickness in Highly Conducting Epitaxial SrMoO3Electrodes Investigated by Lift‐Off Membranes
Authors: Ruan Yating , Schreyer Philipp , Jiang Tianshu , Liang Fei , Arzumanov Alexey , Dürrschnabel Michael , Molina‐Luna Leopoldo , Komissinskiy Philipp , Alff Lambert
Published: January 2024

Within the huge perovskite materials family, thin films of highly conducting materials such as SrMoO3, SrNbO3, and SrVO3are candidates for low‐loss bottom electrodes in epitaxial all‐oxide devices, in particular for high‐frequency applications. Recently, the fully coherent growth of more than 5 µm thick SrMoO3electrodes in a varactor device prototype epitaxial heterostructure has been reported. This result raises the question of the strain mechanism in such anomalously thick coherent epitaxial layers. Here, this question is addressed by comparing the lattice constants of coherently strained layers and their free‐standing membranes. SrMoO3is mainly elastically strained within the heterostructure and fully relaxed after removal of the substrate. These results indicate a giant critical thickness, making highly conducting perovskites even more outstanding materials for high‐frequency applications that require electrode thicknesses beyond the skin depth. The described technology of lifting off thick SrMoO3membranes joins the emerging field of freestanding oxide layer technology, opening unexplored avenues for single crystal investigations, novel perovskite nanostructures, and wafer transfer of functional oxides, walking in the footsteps of recent developments in van der Waals epitaxial heterostructures.
Mineral Tanning‐Inspired Metal Ions Coordination Hydrogels with Outstanding Mechanical Strength and Toughness for Flexible Force Sensors
Authors: Guan Xiaoyu , Zhang Bingyuan , Zhu Yanxia , Sun Xuhui , Meng Kai , Wang Zequn , El‐Gowily Afnan H. , Chen Yi , Zheng Sai , Han Qingxin , Elafify Mohamed S. , An Meng , Rao Ping , Ueda Motoki , Ito Yoshihiro
Published: January 2024

By virtue of reversible energy dissipation and good ionic conductivity, metal ions have been extensively introduced to construct hydrogels. However, the traditional soaking method to prepare metal ions coordination hydrogels (MI‐HG) faces the challenge of diffusion and combination of metal ions, leading to weak mechanical properties. Inspired by the leather mineral tanning mechanism, a strategy that controls the accessibility of hydrogels by pickling and basifying processes thus significantly improving the strength and toughness of MI‐HG is proposed. To achieve this, polyvinyl alcohol/poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) (PVA/PAM‐co‐PAA) hydrogels‐bearing ligands similar to those of leather collagen are fabricated. Zr4+, Cr3+, Al3+, and Fe3+ commonly used for mineral tanning are chosen as the metal source. The results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the products (MI‐HGTanning) are significantly promoted, especially for Cr3+ and Zr4+. For example, the tensile strength of Zr‐HGTanning and toughness of Cr‐HGTanning reach 7.79 ± 0.41 Mpa and 28.01 ± 3.1 MJ m−3, approximately three and seven times that of their soaking samples. From macro to micro characterization and by theoretical simulation, the mineral tanning mechanism of metal ions first permeating and then effectively combining with carboxylates, thus improving the mechanical performance of MI‐HGTanning is deciphered, the products of which are promised applications in flexible force sensors.
Bioinspired Microstructured Janus Bioadhesive for the Prevention of Abdominal and Intrauterine Adhesions
Authors: Lv Yicheng , Cai Fengying , Zhao Xingkai , Zhu Xintao , Wei Fanan , Zheng Yunquan , Shi Xianai , Yang Jianmin
Published: January 2024

Abdominal and intrauterine adhesions are common postoperative problems that can cause serious complications. Current adhesives are usually double sided and suffer from poor wet adhesion, nondegradability, and monofunctionality, which limits their application in preventing postoperative adhesions. Herein, a bioinspired microstructured Janus bioadhesive, named OD/GM@PG, with a wet adhesive inner layer and an antiadhesive outer layer is prepared by combining electrostatic spun and adhesive materials. By using both capillary suction and a catechol‐based strategy, the wet adhesive strength and interfacial toughness of the Janus bioadhesive reach 98 kPa and 325 J m−2, respectively, which are much higher than those of commercial fibrin glues and cyanoacrylate glues. The electrostatic spun outer layer acts as a physical barrier with antiadhesive and friction‐reducing effects. Additionally, the Janus bioadhesive demonstrates biodegradable, hemostatic, antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and prohealing properties. In vivo results show that the asymmetric adhesion effect of the Janus bioadhesive effectively preventing postoperative abdominal and intrauterine adhesions. Notably, tandem mass tags‐labeled quantitative proteomics analysis demonstrate that the expression of inflammatory response‐associated proteins (S100A8, S100A9) is associated with adhesion; the Janus bioadhesive significantly downregulates this expression. Therefore, the OD/GM@PG Janus bioadhesive is a promising candidate for preventing postoperative adhesions.
Shooting Three Birds with One Stone: Device Construction and Thermal Management for Simultaneous Photothermal Conversion Water Evaporation, Thermoelectric Generation and Photocatalytic Degradation
Authors: Wang Haiwen , Wang Zhaoying , Wang Ting , Tang Wanqi , Gao Shanmin , Niu Hao , Yin Yongheng , Yin Xuepeng , Wu Tianpin
Published: January 2024

It's a promising way to address the global freshwater crisis and energy shortage through solar‐driven devices with evaporate, degrade, and generate electricity at the same time. Low‐efficient light‐thermal conversions for multi‐usage limit application. This paper presents a low‐cost melamine foam/TiO2/carbon black/bismuth (MF/TiO2/CB/Bi) composite with excellent activity to simultaneously process photothermal water evaporation, pollutant degradation, and thermoelectric output, namely‚ shooting three birds with one stone. Under 1 sunlight light intensity, the water evaporation rate reach 4.235 kg m−2 h−1, and the maximum electric power output of a single module is 0.733 W m−2. Meanwhile, Rhodamine B (RhB) solution with 4.0 × 10−4 mol L−1 can be almost degraded within 60 min. Excellent performance benefits from the enhanced adsorption by chemicals, 3D structure for accepting more incident light, and hydrophilic group reducing evaporation enthalpy. Combined with the simulation and experiment, the relationship between heat distribution and thicknesses is studied. When less than 1.98 cm, the lateral temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, thus additional energy cannot be obtained. This work provides a facile and novel method for the construction of photothermal conversion materials with multi‐functional, as a new and useful attempt to solve the shortage of fresh water and electric energy, as well as environmental pollution.
Interfacial Engineering for Photomultiplication Type Organic Photodetectors with Signal‐Noise‐Ratio Over 89 000
Authors: Liu Ming , Yao Qi , Li Shipei , Qin Yunke , Jeong Sang Young , Ma Yao , Shen Liang , Ma Xiaoling , Yang Kaixuan , Yuan Guangcai , Woo Han Young , Zhang Fujun
Published: January 2024

Photomultiplication type organic photodetectors (PM‐OPDs) exhibit obvious superiority in weak light detection due to their low dark current density (JD) and large photo‐induced current density (JPI). The JD is one of the important parameters that influences light detection sensitivity of PM‐OPDs, how to effectively suppress the JD is a great challenge to improve the performance of PM‐OPDs. In this work, the JD of PM‐OPDs can be suppressed by employing PTAA or doped‐PTAA as the interfacial layer replacing PEDOT:PSS layer. The PM‐OPDs with PTAA layer exhibit a low JD of 2.3 × 10−7 A cm−2 under −6 V bias, which is much smaller than 1.4 × 10−6 A cm−2 for PM‐OPDs with PEDOT:PSS layer. The small molecule DRCN5T is incorporated into PTAA to further passivate surficial defects of PTAA films, which is conducive to reducing the leakage current of PM‐OPDs. The optimal PM‐OPDs exhibit rather low JD of 8.4 × 10−8 A cm−2 under −6 V bias, as well as external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 31700% and specific detectivity (D*) of 1.2 × 1013 Jones at 370 nm. The signal‐noise‐ratio of optimal PM‐OPDs arrives to 89600 under −4.5 V bias under white light illumination with intensity of 1.5 mW cm−2.
Statistical Design‐Guided Synthesis of Nanoarchitectonics of High‐Performance NiFeMoN Electrocatalyst through Facile One‐Step Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Attar Farid , Sharma Astha , Gupta Bikesh , Karuturi Siva
Published: January 2024

This study presents an innovative, statistically‐guided magnetron sputtering technique for creating nanoarchitectonics of high‐performing, NiFeMoN electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting. Using a central composite face‐centered (CCF) design, 13 experimental conditions are identified that enable precise optimization of synthesis parameters through response surface methodology (RSM), confirmed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The statistical analysis highlighted a interaction between Mo% and N% in the nanostructured NiFeMoN and found optimizing values at 31.35% Mo and 47.12% N. The NiFeMoN catalyst demonstrated superior performance with a low overpotential of 216 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and remarkable stability over seven days, attributed to the modifications in electronic structure and the creation of new active sites through Mo and N additions. Furthermore, the NiFeMoN coating, when used as a protective layer for a Si photoanode in 1 m KOH, achieved an applied‐bias photon‐to‐current efficiency (ABPE) of 5.2%, maintaining stability for 76 h. These advancements underscore the profound potential of employing statistical design for optimizing synthesis parameters of intricate catalyst materials via magnetron sputtering, paving the way for accelerated advancements in water splitting technologies and also in other energy conversion systems, such as nitrogen reduction and CO2 conversion.
Electrochemical Ionic Synapses with Mg2+as the Working Ion
Authors: Schwacke Miranda , Žguns Pjotrs , del Alamo Jesús , Li Ju , Yildiz Bilge
Published: January 2024

Dynamic doping by electrochemical ion intercalation is a promising mechanism for modulating electronic conductivity, allowing for energy‐efficient, brain‐inspired computing hardware. While proton‐based devices have achieved success in terms of speed and efficiency, the volatility and environmental pervasiveness of hydrogen (H) might limit the robustness of devices during fabrication, as well as the long‐term retention of devices after programming. This motivates the search for alternative working ions. In this work, a proof‐of‐concept is demonstrated for electrochemical ionic synapses (EIS) based on intercalation of Mg2+ions. The reported device has a symmetric design, with MgxWO3used as both the gate and channel material. Increasing the Mg fraction,x, in WO3increases the electronic conductance in a continuum over a large range (80 nS − 2 mS). Ex situ characterization of the channel confirms that modulation of channel conductance is due to Mg2+intercalation. Unlike H‐EIS which rapidly loses programmed conductance states over a few seconds when exposed to air, Mg‐EIS can be operated and has good retention in air, with no sign of degradation after 1 h. Mg2+as a working ion with WO3as the channel is a promising material system for EIS with long‐term retention and low energy consumption.
Advances and Practical Prospects for Bias‐Free Photovoltaic‐Driven Electrochemical Water Splitting Systems
Authors: He Han , Zhang Qixing , Wang Zhongke , Pan Sanjiang , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: January 2024

Bias‐free solar water‐splitting technology is considered an ideal solution to address the energy crisis, as it can efficiently convert solar to hydrogen energy and has made groundbreaking progress. Particularly, photovoltaic (PV)‐driven electrolysis systems exhibit promising potential for enhanced energy conversion efficiency. Nonetheless, the majority of research on PV‐driven water‐splitting systems remains confined to the laboratory scale, with the industrial‐scale application still in the nascent stages. This review comprehensively explores the pivotal factors required to practically apply the bias‐free PV‐driven electrochemical water splitting in the current research. It delves into the fundamental principles involved in the components, the configuration structure of the varied integration degree systems, the differences in composition level of the photovoltaic devices, system scale, reaction environment of the electrolytic system, and strategy for development and refinement of electrocatalysts. Furthermore, it offers a perspective analysis of future research trajectories for each component. This work aims to shed light on the scientific hurdles and future exploration of potential application prospects faced by the field in the process of becoming practical.
Boosting Ion Diffusion and Charge Transfer by Zincophilic Accordion Arrays to Achieve Ultrafast Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Xu Xiaoyun , Li Songmei , Cao Zhenjiang , Yang Shubin , Li Bin
Published: January 2024

A key challenge to apply aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) as next‐generation energy storage device is to improve the rechargeability at high current densities, which is needed to circumvent slowly ion diffusion in anode and sluggish charge transfer of Zn2+. Herein, a zincophilic accordion array derived from MOF is developed as zinc host for simultaneously boosted ion diffusion and charge transfer. The designed host is prepared by etching and disproportionation reactions, the abundant zincophilic Sn sites with nano‐size uniform disperse on accordion arrays nanosheets (Sn‐AA). Then a composite Zn anode (Sn‐AA@Zn) is obtained by compacting Sn‐AA host with zinc power (Zn‐P). The Sn‐AA@Zn anode has an ultra‐low activation energy (37.1 kJ mol−1) and nucleation overpotential (10 mV), achieving fast charge transfer of Zinc deposition. In addition, the cycle life of the symmetric cell with Sn‐AA@Zn anode exceeds 13 000 cycles at 50 mA cm−2, which is 32 times than that of the Zn‐P anode. And the full cell with Sn‐AA@Zn anode and MnO2 cathode maintains a capacity of 122 mAh g−1 after 5000 cycles at 5 Ag−1. Hopefully, the 3D anode based on Sn‐AA@Zn accordion array and Zn‐P has significantly improved the rechargeability of AZMB at high current density.
In Situ Growth of a Robust 1D Capping Layer for Stable and Efficient CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Without Hole Transporter
Authors: Wang Hailiang , Song Yongfa , Lin Zedong , Li Weiping , Liu Huicong , Wei Xiaozhen , Zhang Qixian , Lv Chunyu , Zhu Liqun , Wang Kexiang , Lan Yisha , Wang Lan , Lin Changqing , Yin Penggang , Song Tinglu , Bai Yang , Chen Qi , Yang Shihe , Chen Haining
Published: January 2024

CsPbI3 perovskite is a promising light absorber in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its suitable bandgap (Eg) and high chemical stability, but the perovskite phase is metastable in ambient atmosphere and prone to defect formation. To enhance phase stability and reduce defects, forming a low dimensional (LD) perovskite on CsPbI3 has proved effective. However, the energy levels for most of low‐conductivity LD perovskites are not very compatible with those of CsPbI3, which will impair charge separation and device performance. Herein, a new 1D perovskite (5‐Azaspiro[4.4]nonan‐5‐ium lead triiodide, ASNPbI3) with compatible energy levels and a large Eg is reported as a capping layer. The p‐type ASNPbI3 forms a p‐n heterojunction with n‐CsPbI3 with a staggered band alignment, considerably enhancing the carrier separation. Besides, by pre‐forming a ASNPbI3 at an intermediate stage, defects are suppressed in perovskite film. Consequently, the CsPbI3 PSCs based on carbon electrode without hole transporter (C‐PSCs) achieves a PCE of 18.34%, which is among the highest‐reported values for inorganic C‐PSCs. Furthermore, the hydrophobic ASNPbI3 capping layer has a high thermal stability that greatly enhances perovskite phase stability. Hence, the CsPbI3 C‐PSCs maintains 68% of its initial PCE after 400 h aging at 85°C in a N2 glovebox.
Indium Iodide Additive Realizing Efficient Mixed Sn─Pb Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Chongwen , Dong Jing , Dai Yao , Wang Pengyang , Shi Biao , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: January 2024

Low‐bandgap mixed tin (Sn)‐lead (Pb) perovskite solar cells promise efficiency beyond the pure‐Pb ones. However, the difference in the interaction rate of SnI2 and PbI2 with organic salts causes spatial distribution heterogeneity of Sn2+ and Pb2+ in mixed Sn─Pb perovskite layers. This causes a Sn‐rich surface, which can trigger more severe Sn2+ oxidation and nonradiative recombination. A strategy, of introducing indium ion (In3+) into the perovskite precursor solution to compete with Sn2+ when reacting with organic salts is developed. Therefore, the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite films are well‐controlled, leading to improved film quality with a more balanced Sn/Pb ratio on the film surface. Additionally, In3+ has a lower reduction potential compared to Sn2+ which can generate an extra energy barrier for Sn2+ oxidation. The improved film quality and reduced surface oxidation result in accelerated electron transfer and reduced carrier recombination rate. The modified devices achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.34%, representing one of the highest PCEs in mixed Sn─Pb solar cells made with PCBM.
Hypoxia, NSAIDs, and autism: A biocultural analysis of stressors in gametogenesis
Authors: Burke Stacie
Published: January 2024

Cultural and generational trends have increasingly favored “anti‐inflammatory” action, innovating a new class of analgesic, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the 20th century. The modern human body has been molded over evolutionary time and while acknowledging inflammation can be pathologically entwined, it also serves an important role in healthy folliculogenesis and ovulation, shaping cues that drive needed vascular change. This review argues that because of anti‐inflammatory action, the cultural invention of NSAIDs represents a particular stressor on female reproductive‐age bodies, interacting with natural, underlying variation and placing limits on healthy growth and development in the follicles, creating potential autism risk through hypoxia and mutagenic or epigenetic effects. Since testes are analogs to ovaries, the biological grounding extends naturally to spermatogenesis. This review suggests the introduction of over‐the‐counter NSAIDs in the 1980s failed to recognize the unique functioning of reproductive‐age bodies, challenging the cyclical inflammation needed for healthy gamete development. NSAIDs are framed as one (notable) stressor in an anti‐inflammatory era focused on taming the risks of inflammation in modern human life.