bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conflicting Philosophies: Two University Librarians and a Presidential Bibliophile
Authors: Miner Meg
Published: September 2017

Minor Myers jr. was president of Illinois Wesleyan University (iwu) from 1989 until his death in 2003. This case study explores how one personal interest of this president—that of a life-long book collector—influenced the university's library collections and its leaders. Myers arrived with a desire to make iwu a nationally recognized, Phi Beta Kappa–affiliated institution. As one tactic for achieving these goals, Myers actively engaged in library collection development through practices shaped by his methods of book collecting. Bulk acquisitions—through gifts-in-kind and lot purchases—and a prohibition on weeding aided in his pursuits. His vision for the library challenged the style of the first university librarian (ul) who resigned two years after Myers' arrival. The actions of the second ul to serve under Myers demonstrate a successful method for librarians seeking support for professional initiatives who encounter administrators with strong opposing ideas.
An uncommon manifestation of Streptococcus gallolyticus infective endocarditis with cerebral septic emboli
Authors: Lim Wan Tin , Chong Chiara Jiamin , Chen Robert , Balakrishnan Tharmmambal
Published: September 2017

Infective endocarditis (IE) can often present with neurological manifestations, due to embolization from valvular vegetation, but the presentation is often variable and unpredictable. Septic emboli to both occipital lobes supplied by the posterior cerebral arteries, resulting in visual disturbances are also an uncommon presentation of IE reported in the literature. While S. gallolyticus is a classical cause of IE, it is less common and usually occurs in a less suspecting group of patients with no predisposing cardiac conditions. We report the case of a 48-year-old man, who presented with predominant complaints of blurring of vision and temporal headache, without any other infective symptoms. The procalcitonin level was also normal even in the setting of bacteremia with septic embolism. The initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multifocal enhancing lesions in cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brainstem, with leptomeningeal enhancement. Transesophageal echocardiography and blood cultures subsequently confirmed diagnosis of S. gallolyticus IE of the mitral valve. The patient was treated with antibiotics upon diagnosis of IE. However, he developed intracranial hemorrhage secondary to mycotic aneurysms, and partial seizures. He eventually succumbed to the intracranial hemorrhage. This case serves to highlight that neurological manifestations can precede symptoms or signs of IE and the presentation are often variable. A high degree of clinical suspicion is needed to suspect neurological manifestations of IE, especially in patients without risk factors.
Feasibility of skin carotenoids as a biomarker of vegetable intake among Mexican-Origin children in a community setting: A cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Aguilera Alberto L. , Stewart Christine P. , Torre Adela de la , Kaiser Lucia L.
Published: September 2017

Background and purpose: Studies in adults and children have demonstrated a strong correlation of skin carotenoids with fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake. There are few studies testing the usefulness of this methodology in a community setting. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) skin carotenoid intensity scores in young children to assess F/V intake.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to capture the RRS skin carotenoid intensity scores using the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner. The RRS skin carotenoid intensity score ranges from 0 to 70,000+ with increasing scores indicating a higher carotenoid concentration. Children’s dietary intake of F/V was assessed within one-month period using a 26-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and multiple pass 24-hour dietary recalls (24HDRs) administered to the parent of the child. Participants were 51 Mexican-origin children (ages 3-8 years) living in two rural California school districts during July-August 2014. RRS skin carotenoid intensity scores; frequency of fruit and vegetable intake from FFQ; daily servings of fruit and vegetables and carotenoid intake from 24HDR. Spearman correlation was used to determine the correlation between RRS skin carotenoid intensity scores and average 24HDR F/V intake and FFQ F/V intake.Results: The results of the study demonstrate a significant positive correlation between skin carotenoid levels and parent-reported 24HDR vegetable consumption (r = .41, p = .003) but not with 24HDR fruit, FFQ fruit, or FFQ vegetable consumption.Conclusion: The use of skin carotenoid measurements may be more indicative of short-term vegetable consumption than overall fruit and vegetable or fruit-only consumption in this population of Mexican-origin children.
Teachers’ Lived Experiences about Teaching-Learning Process in Multi-Grade Classes
Authors: Mortazavizadeh Seyyed Heshmatollah , Nili Mohammad Reza , Nasr Isfahani Ahmad Reza , Hassani Mohammad
Published: September 2017

This study seeks to recognize teachers’ lived experiences about teaching-learning process in multi-grade classes. The approach of the study is qualitative under the rubric of phenomenological studies. The statistical population consisted of the teachers of multi-grade classes in a non-prosperous province and a prosperous one. 14 teachers were selected using criterion sampling technique for an interview. The interviews were recorded and transcribed with the interviewees’ permission; and they were analyzed using Creswell data analysis. In order to evaluate the validity of the questions, the viewpoints of experts in the field of educational sciences as well as some teachers experienced in multi-grade classes were taken into account. The reliability was approved through examination by the participants and asking from counterparts. The results showed that teachers of multi-grade classes in both provinces had similar views on using teaching methods, determining learning activities and grouping methods. However, they did not have the same views on determining the type of learning materials and resources. The results show that in multi-grade classes various teaching methods such as peer teaching and integrated teaching, leading resources and materials such as the local community, nature, and discarded materials and objects, different grouping methods such as adjacent grouping, row grouping, and sex grouping, and finally various learning activities including self learning and peer learning are utilized. Multi-grade teachers in the two provinces have similar viewpoints regarding teaching methods, learning activities, and grouping methods, but are of different viewpoints on kinds of learning materials and resources.
The Emphasis of Inquiry Instructional Strategies: Impact on Preservice Teachers’ Mathematics Efficacy
Authors: Althauser Krista L.
Published: September 2017

Using a Mixed Methods approach, this study investigated changes in levels of self-efficacy among elementary preservice teachers following a semester course on teaching elementary students’ mathematics. Participants in this study included 347 preservice elementary teachers at a mid-size regional university who had just completed an elementary mathematics methods course. The data were collected from several semester groups. The instruments used were the Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument, interview data, and observation data collected during the clinical experience. The focus of this study was to compare the changes in teacher self-efficacy following a methods course that emphasized hands-on mathematics instruction with manipulatives by means of the 5E instructional format. The results of the paired-samples t-test indicated that there was a significant difference in the preservice elementary teachers’ self-efficacy for teaching mathematics after engaging in the elementary methods course. Preservice teachers reported that their understanding of various instructional practices changed significantly from a “tell, show, and do” model to an approach utilizing interactive and engaging activities. They also reported that their attitude toward mathematics had improved significantly and that there had been a direct impact on their confidence for teaching mathematics as a result of the structure of the elementary math methods course.
On S-quasi-Dedekind Modules
Authors: Djibril Diallo Abdoul , Cheikhou Diop Papa , Barry Mamadou
Published: September 2017

Let $R$ be a commutative ring and $M$ an unital $R$-module. A proper submodule $L$ of $M$ is called primary submodule of $M$, if $rm\in L$, where $r\in R$, $m\in M$, then $m\in L$ or $r^{n}M\subseteq L$ for some positive integer $n$. A submodule $K$ of $M$ is called semi-small submodule of $M$ if, $K+L\neq M$ for each primary submodule $L$ of $M$. An $R$-module $M$ is called S-quasi-Dedekind module if, for each $f\in End_{R}(M),$ $ f\neq 0$ implies $Kerf$ semi-small in $M$. In this paper we introduce the concept of S-quasi-Dedekind modules as a generalisation of small quasi-Dedekind modules, and gives some of their properties, characterizations and exemples. Another hand we study the relationships of S-quasi-Dedekind modules with some classes of modules and their endomorphism rings.
Het wetsvoorstel franchise: better think twice!
Authors: Schelhaas H.N. , Spanjaard J.H.M.
Published: September 2017

Het wetsvoorstel franchise: better think twice!

Op 12 april 2017 heeft minister Kamp een wetsvoorstel voor de wettelijke verankering van de franchisecode in internetconsultatie gebracht. De schrijvers bespreken dit wetsvoorstel kritisch en menen dat het wetsvoorstel inhoudelijk de toets der kritiek niet kan doorstaan. De wetgever wordt opgeroepen een meer doordacht wetsvoorstel te concipiëren.
The effect of water shortage on pea (Pisum sativum L.) productivity in relation to the pod position on the stem
Authors: Klimek-Kopyra Agnieszka , Zając Tadeusz , Skowera Barbara , Styrc Norbert
Published: September 2017

The literature contains few studies on the effect of temporary soil drought on the development and productivity of pea (Pisum sativum L.) pods in relation to their position in the fruiting part of the stem. The aim of this study was to evaluate pod productivity of various pea cultivars in relation to varied weather conditions. Differences in precipitation during two growing seasons resulted in a decrease in yield of 0.62 t ha−1 in a dry year in comparison to a year with better water availability. Pisum sativum ‘Tarchalska’ proved to be the most stable in terms of the number of pods produced, whilst ‘Prophet’ was the least. Weather conditions and cultivars were the determinants of pod production. Pea pods were distinguished by their position on the productive node. Larger and more productive pods were found on the lowest four productive nodes (which had a longer period of nutrient accumulation) resulting in higher seed mass. Productivity increased in the year with favorable weather conditions, as more of the upper nodes were reproductive. The first four nodes produced 45–91% of the yield. The number of seeds in the first three nodes was significantly cultivar-dependent, whereas the number of seeds in pods at all nodes was determined by weather conditions. Significantly more seeds were formed from each node in the wetter year. Pisum sativum ‘Audit’ was not sensitive to weather conditions, producing the same yield in the both years of the study.
STUDY OF DEGRADATION AND GRANULAR FLOW PROCESSES USING X-RAY IMAGING
Authors: Babout Laurent , Grudzień Krzysztof , Janaszewski Marcin , Jopek Łukasz
Published: September 2017

This paper reviews the work that has been done in the past 10 years at the Lodz University of technology about the visualization and the quantification of phenomena related to degradation processes (i.e. stress corrosion cracking in stainless steel, fatigue crack in titanium alloys) in engineering materials as well as granular flow in silos using X-ray imaging (i.e. radiography and (micro)tomography). Besides presenting the experimental protocols, the paper also presents the image processing strategies that have been applied to enable the extraction of characteristic parameters from the volumetric images.
INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR THE TWO-PHASE FLOWS DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL ON THE BASIS OF RAW 3D ECT DATA
Authors: Fiderek Paweł , Jaworski Tomasz , Banasiak Robert , Nowakowski Jacek , Kucharski Jacek , Wajman Radosław
Published: September 2017

In this paper the new intelligent system for two-phase flows diagnosis and control is presented. The authors developed a fuzzy inference system for two phase flows recognition based on the raw 3D ECT data statistical analysis and fuzzy classification which identify the flow structure in real-time mode. The non-invasive three-dimensional monitoring is possible to conduct even in non-transparent and non-accessible parts of the pipeline. Presented system is also equipped with the two phase gas-liquid flows installation control module based on fuzzy inference which includes the feedback information from the recognition module. The intelligent control module working in a feed-back loop keep the sets of required flow regime. Presented in this paper fuzzy algorithms allow to recognize the two phase processes similar to the human expert and to control the process in the same, very intuitively way. Using of the artificial intelligence in the industrial applications allows to avoid any random errors as well as breakdowns and human mistakes suffer from lack of objectivity. An additional feature of the system is a universal multi-touched monitoring-control panel which is an alternative for commercial solution and gives the opportunity to build user own virtual model of the flow rig to efficiently monitor and control the process.
PARAMETRIC METHODS FOR ECT INVERSE PROBLEM SOLUTION IN SOLID FLOW MONITORING
Authors: Romanowski Andrzej , Grudzień Krzysztof , Garbaa Hela , Jackowska-Strumiłło Lidia
Published: September 2017

The article presents the parametrisation-based methods of monitoring of the process of gravitational silo discharging with aid of capacitance tomography techniques. Proposed methods cover probabilistic Bayes’ modelling, including spatial and temporal analysis and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods as well as process parametrisation with artificial neural networks. In contrast to classical image reconstruction-based methods, parametric modelling allows to omit this stage as well as abandon the associated reconstruction errors. Parametric modelling enables the direct analysis of significant parameters of investigated process that in turn results in easier incorporation into the control feedback loop. Presented examples are given for the gravitational flow of bulk solids in silos.
NONDESTRUCTIVE METHOD TO DETERMINE MOISTURE AREA IN HISTORICAL BUILDING
Authors: Rymarczyk Tomasz , Adamkiewicz Przemysław
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a nondestructive method of brick wall dampness testing in real building structures. The proposed algorithm was used to determine the moisture of test brick walls on the specially models. The finite element method has been used to solve the forward problem. The algorithm is initialized by using one step methods and topological sensitivity analysis. There was constructed the forward model and solved the inverse for visualization of moisture inside objects.
DETECTION OF AIR GAPS IN COPPER-MINE CEILING BY ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Rymarczyk Tomasz , Tchórzewski Paweł , Sikora Jan
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we investigate the inverse problem for the electric field so-called copper mine problem. In general, this task assumes detection of all air gaps. Gaps are localised above ceiling in a copper mine. Such task can be considered as application of the electrical impedance tomography. In order to solve forward problem there was used the boundary element method or the finite element method. The inverse problem is based on the level set method. There was considered extension of boundary element method (BEM). For simplicity zero order approximation has been chosen. The BEM has been connected with the infinite boundary elements. Hence, open domain problems with infinite boundary curves can be analysed. For such domain, we have solved the Dirichlet problem for two-dimensional Laplace’s equation. The proposed numerical model has been verified.
MEASURING DATA ACQUISITION HARDWARE FOR ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Rymarczyk Tomasz , Duda Karol , Rymarczyk Paweł , Olchowy Daniel , Sikora Jan
Published: September 2017

This article presents the design of the device with active electrodes to examine the flood embankment. There was discussed the method of determining the conductivity. The presented solution was based on electrical impedance tomography. There was described the concept of active electrodes and measuring equipment for data acquisition. Electrical impedance tomography, which is based on measuring potential difference, can be used to calculate conductivity. The problem depends on the fact that every material has unique conductance.
DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPH DESIGN IN THE NUCLEAR AND MEDICAL ELECTRONICS DIVISION
Authors: Kryszyn Jacek , Smolik Waldemar , Olszewski Tomasz , Szabatin Roman
Published: September 2017

Electrical Capacitance Tomography is a technique which allows to visualize a spatial distribution of electric permittivity in an examined volume. ECT allows to achieve hundreds of frames per second which is suitable for the industrial application, e.g. monitoring of multiphase flows or material mixing. Construction of such ECT system which enables precise data acquisition with sufficient speed is a challenge. In the Division of Nuclear and Medical Electronics ECT systems which have found applications in many research facilities in Poland and all over the world have been constructed for over 15 years. In this article a multichannel ET3 tomograph and its successor,EVT4, are presented. EVT4 will allow to obtain more than 10 thousand frames per second. This will allow to make progress in studies of dynamic processes and 3D visualization.
GAIN PREDICTION THEORY OF SINGLE FOIL GAS ELECTRON MULTIPLIER DETECTOR
Authors: Domański Grzegorz , Szabatin Ryszard , Kalenik Jerzy , Jaworski Adam , Wróblewski Przemysław , Smolik Waldemar , Kurjata Robert , Konarzewski Bogusław , Dziewiecki Michał , Marzec Janusz , Zaremba Krzysztof , Ziembicki Marcin , Rychter Andrzej , Kryszyn Jacek , Brzeski Piotr , Szmidt Jan
Published: September 2017

Gain prediction theory of single foil Gas Electron Multiplier detector was developed. Gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector with single foil was developed. Soft X-ray spectra with an energy of 5.9 keV emitted by the isotope Fe-55 were measured. On this basis, the dependence of gain and energy resolution from the detector voltage was determined. The simple theory of gain dependence on various detector parameters was developed. Preliminary results of the study confirmed the potential usefulness of the GEM detector as a substitute for the multiwire proportional chamber.
BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD MODYFICATIONS FOR USE IN SOME IMPEDANCE AND OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS
Authors: Pańczyk Maciej , Sikora Jan
Published: September 2017

The article presents two elements associated with the practice of application of the boundary element method. The first is associated with BEM ability to analyze an open boundary objects and application of infinite boundary elements in the area of mammography. The second element is associated with the damped wall investigations. Wall humidity and moisture represents heterogeneous environment (Functionally Graded Materials) which has to be treated in a special way.
Quantitative Detection of Pork Contamination in Cooked Meat Products by ELISA
Authors: Thienes Cortlandt P , Masiri Jongkit , Benoit Lora A , Barrios-Lopez Brianda , Samuel Santosh A , Cox David P , Dobritsa Anatoly P , Nadala Cesar , Samadpour Mansour
Published: September 2017

Recent news of many cases of adulteration of meats with pork has bolstered the need for a way to detect and quantify the unwanted contamination of pork in other meats. To address this need, Microbiologique, Inc. has produced a sandwich ELISA assay that can rapidly quantify the presence of pork in cooked horse, beef, chicken, goat, and lamb meats. We carried out a validation study and showed that this assay has an analytical sensitivity of 0.00014 and 0.00040% (w/v) for cooked and autoclaved pork, respectively, and an analytical range of quantitation of 0.05–3.2% (w/v) in the absence of other meats. The assay can measure pork contamination down to 0.1% (w/w) in the presence of cooked horse, beef, chicken, goat, and lamb meats. The assay is quick and can be completed in 1 h and 10 min.
Investigation of the Antifatigue Effects of Korean Ginseng on Professional Athletes by Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics
Authors: Yan Bei , Liu Yao , Shi Aixin , Wang Zhihong , Aa Jiye , Huang Xiaoping , Liu Yi
Published: September 2017

Ginseng is usually used for alleviating fatigue. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the regulatory effect of Korean ginseng on the metabolic pattern in professional athletes, and, further, to explore the underlying mechanism of the antifatigue effect of Korean ginseng. GC-time-of-flight-MS was used to profile serum samples from professional athletes before training and after 15 and 30 day training, and professional athletes administered with Korean ginseng in the meanwhile. Biochemical parameters of all athletes were also analyzed. For the athlete control group, strength–endurance training resulted in an elevation of creatine kinase (CK) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and a reduction in blood hemoglobin, and a dynamic trajectory of the metabolomic profile which were related to fatigue. Korean ginseng treatment not only lead to a marked reduction in CK and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum, but also showed regulatory effects on the serum metabolic profile and restored scores plots close to normal, suggesting that the change in metabolic profiling could reflect the antifatigue effect of Korean ginseng. Furthermore, perturbed levels of 11 endogenous metabolites were regulated by Korean ginseng significantly, which might be primarily involved in lipid metabolism, energy balance, and chemical signaling. These findings suggest that metabolomics is a potential tool for the evaluation of the antifatigue effect of Korean ginseng and for the elucidation of its pharmacological mechanism.
HPLC Determination of Total Tryptophan in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula Following Enzymatic Hydrolysis: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2017.03
Authors: Draher Jonathan , White Norman
Published: September 2017

A method for tryptophan (Trp) analysis designed to comply with AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirement 2014.013 is described. Unlike AOAC 988.15, which uses alkaline hydrolysis, this method uses enzymatic hydrolysis to release the Trp from the intact protein. The method achieves an LOQ of 0.18 mg/100 g Trp on a ready-to-feed basis with mean recoveries ranging from 93.8 to 104.9%. Repeatability ranged from 0.2 to 5.0%. Intermediate precision ranged from 1.0 to 6.9%. The analytical range was determined to be 0.18–300 mg/100 g, with linearity over eight calibration standard levels giving an average deviation from theoretical levels of 0.3%. No single calibration point had a deviation of >5.0%. Two standard reference materials (SRMs 1849a and 927e) were analyzed, and the average deviation from the certified value was 98.5% for SRM 1849a and 101.2% for SRM 927e. Sample preparation is very similar to existing methods in terms of time and complexity. The use of an internal standard reduces laboratory error and allows for reproducible results.
Nyere dansk litteraturhistorie til udlandet
Authors: Ringgaard Dan
Published: September 2017

Anmeldelse af Anne-Marie Mai: Danish literature in the 20th and early 21st century. Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag 2017, 278 sider
L’idée de représentation aux Petites Antilles. Les premières assemblées politiques : un compromis entre l’assimilation et l’autonomie sous les tropiques (1759 – 1791)
Authors: Mignot D.-Aimé
Published: September 2017

Les Petites Antilles françaises ne plongent pas véritablement leurs racines dans un passé dominé par la gloire de la grande plantation. Bien au contraire, il semble que les habitants soient plutôt à considérer comme de moyens cultivateurs issus de la république boucanière dominée par les seigneurs propriétaires. Avec le rattachement de la Martinique et de la Guadeloupe au domaine royal, puis l’installation d’une administration louis-quatorzienne digne de ce nom, les premiers colons, les habitants, entendent défendre leurs intérêts principalement au sein du Conseil souverain martiniquais. Cette loi d’autonomie explique à elle seule l’insubordination et la petite fronde parlementaire de 1717 (affaire dite du Gaoulé fondée sur la contestation des habitants : « Vive le roi sans l’octroi »). Les idées nouvelles, issues de l’Aufklärung, du mouvement philosophique, de la physiocratie, prennent corps tout au long du XVIIIe siècle et aboutissent à la mise en oeuvre d’institutions politiques laissant place à une certaine représentation politique aux Antilles. C’est ainsi qu’autonomie et assimilation trouvent un compromis dans les expériences de la monarchie éclairée et notamment sous Louis XV qui promeut les chambres mi-partie d’agriculture et de commerce, puis d’agriculture seulement, et sous Louis XVI qui, allant bien plus loin encore, propose l’érection de véritables assemblées coloniales, répliques des assemblées provinciales naguère imaginées par Turgot.
Bagaimana Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Menyesuaikan Harapan dan Menjawab Tantangan untuk Mencapai Berbagai Tujuannya?
Authors: Pakpahan Beginda
Published: September 2017

APEC has been established since 1989 with 21 member countries. The crucial questions are what are major works of APEC from 1994 to present time? What are APEC's current challenges? And, how APEC manages its hopes and responds to the challenges in order to reach its goals? This article argues that APEC is on the right track to attain the Bogor goals by pursuing trade liberalization in its member countries. There are several works which have been achieved by APEC, for example: its achievements for trade liberalization in goods and its support for facilitating foreign investment in the Asia-Pacific region. However, there are several challenges for APEC, such as the complexity of regional cooperation in South-East and East Asia and the social implications for vulnerable groups in developing countries within APEC as negative impacts of trade liberalization. Consequently, APEC should manage its hopes and responds challenges in order to meet its goals. APEC must adjust its hopes to be matched with the latest political and economic developments in the Asia-Pacific region. At the same time, South-East and East Asia become more integrated economic regions and apply an open regionalism for other countries from outside of these regions to engage with the developments in these regions. Overall, APEC must respond to crucial challenges (e.g. geo-politics and geo-economics) in the Asia-Pacific region which have changed overtime.
Kerja Sama Pembangunan Korea Selatan di Vietnam dalam Pengembangan Area Pedesaan melalui Model Saemaul Undong
Authors: Lestari Indah
Published: September 2017

In this last decade, a closed cooperation of rural development "Saemaul Undong" between South Korea and Vietnam has been formed. Saemaul Undong is a success model of South Korea's rural development. Along with it, question related to the possibility of adopting Saemaul Undong by developing countries arises. With this regard, this research attempts to explain the reasons why this cooperation has been formed. By using concept of cooperation, this research tries to observe the existence of goals and benefits in "Saemaul Undong" cooperation between South Korea and Vietnam. Result of this research affirmed that goals and benefits spurred "Saemaul Undong" cooperation between both parties. South Korea aimed to internationalized its Saemaul Undong, while Vietnam aimed to attain the success of rural development. In this context, South Korea was able to provide funding, experience, and knowledge in mobilizing rural people's participation, while Vietnam was able to justify the possibility of adopting SU by developing countries. Finally, this research showed that cooperation can not be separated from goals and benefits of parties.
Rapid whole brain imaging of neural activity in freely behaving larval zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Cong Lin , Wang Zeguan , Chai Yuming , Hang Wei , Shang Chunfeng , Yang Wenbin , Bai Lu , Du Jiulin , Wang Kai , Wen Quan
Published: September 2017

The internal brain dynamics that link sensation and action are arguably better studied during natural animal behaviors. Here, we report on a novel volume imaging and 3D tracking technique that monitors whole brain neural activity in freely swimming larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). We demonstrated the capability of our system through functional imaging of neural activity during visually evoked and prey capture behaviors in larval zebrafish.
Initial elevations in glutamate and dopamine neurotransmission decline with age, as does exploratory behavior, in LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mice
Authors: Volta Mattia , Beccano-Kelly Dayne A , Paschall Sarah A , Cataldi Stefano , MacIsaac Sarah E , Kuhlmann Naila , Kadgien Chelsie A , Tatarnikov Igor , Fox Jesse , Khinda Jaskaran , Mitchell Emma , Bergeron Sabrina , Melrose Heather , Farrer Matthew J , Milnerwood Austen J
Published: September 2017

LRRK2 mutations produce end-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) with reduced nigrostriatal dopamine, whereas, asymptomatic carriers have increased dopamine turnover and altered brain connectivity. LRRK2 pathophysiology remains unclear, but reduced dopamine and mitochondrial abnormalities occur in aged G2019S mutant knock-in (GKI) mice. Conversely, cultured GKI neurons exhibit increased synaptic transmission. We assessed behavior and synaptic glutamate and dopamine function across a range of ages. Young GKI mice exhibit more vertical exploration, elevated glutamate and dopamine transmission, and aberrant D2-receptor responses. These phenomena decline with age, but are stable in littermates. In young GKI mice, dopamine transients are slower, independent of dopamine transporter (DAT), increasing the lifetime of extracellular dopamine. Slowing of dopamine transients is observed with age in littermates, suggesting premature ageing of dopamine synapses in GKI mice. Thus, GKI mice exhibit early, but declining, synaptic and behavioral phenotypes, making them amenable to investigation of early pathophysiological, and later parkinsonian-like, alterations. This model will prove valuable in efforts to develop neuroprotection for PD.
Dynamics of the IFT machinery at the ciliary tip
Authors: Chien Alexander , Shih Sheng Min , Bower Raqual , Tritschler Douglas , Porter Mary E , Yildiz Ahmet
Published: September 2017

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is essential for the elongation and maintenance of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Due to the traffic jam of multiple trains at the ciliary tip, how IFT trains are remodeled in these turnaround zones cannot be determined by conventional imaging. Using PhotoGate, we visualized the full range of movement of single IFT trains and motors in Chlamydomonas flagella. Anterograde trains split apart and IFT complexes mix with each other at the tip to assemble retrograde trains. Dynein-1b is carried to the tip by kinesin-II as inactive cargo on anterograde trains. Unlike dynein-1b, kinesin-II detaches from IFT trains at the tip and diffuses in flagella. As the flagellum grows longer, diffusion delays return of kinesin-II to the basal body, depleting kinesin-II available for anterograde transport. Our results suggest that dissociation of kinesin-II from IFT trains serves as a negative feedback mechanism that facilitates flagellar length control in Chlamydomonas.
Human agency beliefs influence behaviour during virtual social interactions
Authors: Caruana Nathan , Spirou Dean , Brock Jon
Published: September 2017

In recent years, with the emergence of relatively inexpensive and accessible virtual reality technologies, it is now possible to deliver compelling and realistic simulations of human-to-human interaction. Neuroimaging studies have shown that, when participants believe they are interacting via a virtual interface with another human agent, they show different patterns of brain activity compared to when they know that their virtual partner is computer-controlled. The suggestion is that users adopt an “intentional stance” by attributing mental states to their virtual partner. However, it remains unclear how beliefs in the agency of a virtual partner influence participants’ behaviour and subjective experience of the interaction. We investigated this issue in the context of a cooperative “joint attention” game in which participants interacted via an eye tracker with a virtual onscreen partner, directing each other’s eye gaze to different screen locations. Half of the participants were correctly informed that their partner was controlled by a computer algorithm (“Computer” condition). The other half were misled into believing that the virtual character was controlled by a second participant in another room (“Human” condition). Those in the “Human” condition were slower to make eye contact with their partner and more likely to try and guide their partner before they had established mutual eye contact than participants in the “Computer” condition. They also responded more rapidly when their partner was guiding them, although the same effect was also found for a control condition in which they responded to an arrow cue. Results confirm the influence of human agency beliefs on behaviour in this virtual social interaction context. They further suggest that researchers and developers attempting to simulate social interactions should consider the impact of agency beliefs on user experience in other social contexts, and their effect on the achievement of the application’s goals.
Breast Cancer in Users of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems
Authors: Mørch Lina Steinrud , Meaidi Amani , Corn Giulia , Hargreave Marie , Wessel Skovlund Charlotte
Published: October 2024

This study uses data from nationwide Danish registries to assess breast cancer risk with continuous use of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems, accounting for other hormonal exposures.
A Primer on Optimizing Ergonomics in the Operating Room
Authors: Hetzler Peter T. , Katz Ryan D.
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint outlines ergononmical best practices in surgery and advocates for adherance to these best practices for surgeons’ longevity and comfort.
Individual responses of GPS‐tagged geese scared off crops by drones or walking humans
Authors: Månsson Johan , Teräväinen Malin , Andrén Henrik , Million Wade , Elmberg Johan
Published: October 2024

Scaring of wildlife is commonly used in attempts to reduce crop damage in agricultural landscapes, but relatively few studies exist on its actual effect.

We tracked GPS‐tagged greylag geese (Anser anser) in south‐central Sweden, before and after scaring by approaching them either by walking or by drone. On the field level, we studied the scaring effect by estimating return rate to the field where scared. On the landscape level, we tested if geese were less prone to use agricultural fields after being scared.

Geese immediately left the field when scared and 5 min later they were on average 990 m (±56 SE) from the scaring position. The proportion of GPS positions near the scaring position decreased significantly for at least 4 h after scaring. Geese showed a significant shift from agricultural fields to wetland habitats the first 4 h after scaring. However, the effect of scaring soon levelled off; after 24 h the field where scaring had occurred was used to the same extent as any other field in the landscape, and agricultural fields were used to the same extent by scared and undisturbed geese. We did not find any differences in response depending on scaring technique. The probability to return and use agricultural fields after scaring was higher for geese scared in the morning compared to in the afternoon. Moreover, the probability to return and use of agricultural fields were higher in spring than in other seasons.

Practical implication. We found that scared geese tend to visit agricultural fields soon after scaring and that scaring alone tends ‘to move the problem around’. This suggests that scaring needs to be repeated across the landscape, but also that accommodation fields where geese do not cause damage may be needed to keep geese off conventional fields. However, our study presents a glimpse of promise as the rather simple drone used covers large areas quickly and minimizes walking in growing crops. With technological advancement and possible autonomous techniques, drones may be capable of providing repeated scaring over large areas in the future.
Community science can inform invasive species management: Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) in South Africa
Authors: Potgieter Luke J. , ter Huurne Michele B. , Richardson David M.
Published: October 2024

Community science initiatives are revolutionising our ability to detect and respond to biological invasions. Non‐native trees and shrubs are among the world's most damaging invasive species and community science data can be used to inform protocols for managing these invasions.

This study explores the utility of iNaturalist in informing management practices for the widely cultivated and naturalised genus Melaleuca L. (Myrtaceae; here including the genus Callistemon) in South Africa. We applied data from iNaturalist to assess the distribution and invasion ecology of Melaleuca species in South Africa.

Melaleucas, first recorded in South Africa in 1882, have been widely used as garden ornamentals and street trees in the country for over 50 years. Naturalisation of melaleucas in South Africa was first reported in 1998 and the first records of naturalisation/invasiveness for other species are accumulating rapidly. Data on all Melaleuca species in South Africa were downloaded from iNaturalist and analysed using Geographic Information System software.

In September 2023, iNaturalist had 3221 records of melaleucas across the country. After checking and filtering, and applying criteria to increase reliability, 2815 records remained, with confirmed identifications of 26 species. These species were recorded in a total of 138 quarter‐degree cells (QDCs) in South Africa (7% of the country); Research Grade (RG, wild‐growing) records occurred in 21 QDCs, records of cultivated plants in 75 QDCs, and 42 QDCs had records of both cultivated and wild‐growing plants. An Invasiveness Index was calculated for each species in the country, provinces, and municipalities, to show which species are already invasive or have substantial invasion debt. Thirty‐two percent of the filtered records were RG (naturalised). The municipality with the highest number of records is the City of Cape Town, with 43% RG records.

iNaturalist provided useful information on the occurrence of five Melaleuca species for which no information was available before this study was undertaken. Case studies of invaded habitats highlight that melaleucas have the potential to alter ecosystems incurring substantial control costs.

Practical implications: Our study highlights the value of community science data in the detection, monitoring, and management of invasive plant species.
Maximizing benefits to bat populations through management of power line corridors
Authors: Campbell C. J. , Cheng Tina L. , Akre Karin L. , Adams Amanda M. , Solick Donald I. , Bennett Ashley , Newman Christian , Frick Winifred F.
Published: October 2024

Power line corridors are ubiquitous worldwide and are commonly used by bats as habitat. Targeted management of these corridor habitats has the potential to aid bat populations, which is critically important given the multifaceted threats facing bat species, including the emerging infectious disease white‐nose syndrome (WNS) in North America.

Here, we review known and potential impacts of management of existing power line corridors on three bat behaviours: foraging, roosting and commuting. We also identify bats in the United States that would benefit from changes to management of power line corridors for improvements to roosting and foraging habitats, particularly species of conservation concern that roost and forage along forest edges.

Key recommendations are to avoid disturbance to roosting bats when maintaining vegetation along power line corridors, apply integrated vegetation management to maximize native plant diversity to improve prey options for bats and apply targeted interventions (e.g. artificial roost creation, creation of ponds) in a well‐justified ecological context.

Practical implication. We highlight high‐priority research topics to fill knowledge gaps, including testing whether vegetation management treatments targeting plant and insect communities increase bat fitness and cause positive population‐level responses in focal bat species. We conclude that building evidence on how bats are affected by power line corridor management is a conservation need.
Chemical Proteomics Approaches for Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors Covalently Binding to SARS‐Cov‐2
Authors: Zheng Liuhai , Zhang Qian , Luo Piao , Shi Fei , Zhang Ying , He Xiaoxue , An Yehai , Cheng Guangqing , Pan Xiaoyan , Li Zhijie , Zhou Boping , Wang Jigang
Published: October 2024

Although various strategies have been used to prevent and treat SARS‐CoV‐2, the spread and evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2 is still progressing rapidly. The emerging variants Omicron and its sublineage have a greater ability to spread and escape nearly all current monoclonal antibodies treatments, highlighting an urgent need to develop therapeutics targeting current and emerging Omicron variants or recombinants with breadth and potency. Here, some small molecule drugs are rapidly identified that could covalently binding to receptor binding domain (RBD) protein of Omicron through the combined application of artificial intelligence (AI) and activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) technology. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and pseudo‐virus neutralization experiments further reveal that an FDA‐approved drug gallic acid has robust neutralization potency against Omicron pseudo‐virus with the IC50 values of 23.56 × 10−6 m. Taken together, a platform combining AI intelligence, biochemical, SPR, molecular docking, and pseudo‐virus‐based screening for rapid identification and evaluation of potential anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 small molecule drugs is established and the effectiveness of the platform is validated.
Optimizing Surface Texture Through Ion Induction for High Areal Capacitance and Enhanced Stability in MXene Electrodes
Authors: Gao Changqin , Chen Qian , Feng Junyuan , Xu Zong‐Xiang
Published: October 2024

To make supercapacitors a viable commercial product, it is necessary to increase the mass loading (ML) of the electrodes. However, current research on high ML MXene electrodes mainly focuses on internal structure optimization, often neglecting the importance of surface texture in the electrodes, which plays a crucial role in mediating interactions between the internal structure and the electrolyte. This study reports on a simple ion‐intercalation process that can reduce charge transfer resistance and improve cycling stability. Through the integration of 3D visualization models and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques, a comprehensive investigation of the electrode's surface structure and MXene flake arrangement is conducted. The results showed that pre‐oriented aggregates induced by ion‐intercalation create a sophisticated surface structure with rich hills and valleys, promoting electrolyte permeation and ion exchange. This work highlights the significance of surface texture in films and electrodes, guiding the design of high‐performance materials.
Highly Water‐Dispersible Spiropyran‐Octapeptide Supramolecules: Efficient, Multi‐processable, and Versatile Photoswitches for Time‐Dependent Dual‐Mode Encryption
Authors: Chen Xuyang , Wen Huijuan , Yao Jinrong , Chen Xin , Wang Yu , Shao Zhengzhong
Published: October 2024

With exceptional photochromic and photoluminescent properties, spiropyrans have demonstrated significant potential for advanced information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting applications. However, its inherent water insolubility leads to incompatibility with aqueous polymers, and even more, its ease of leaching from the matrix hinders the formation of stable stimuli‐responsive platforms through direct blending with all polymers. Here, the fabrication of amphiphilic spiropyran‐octapeptide molecules is reported that can spontaneously self‐assemble into highly water‐dispersible supramolecular nanofibers in water. These assemblies exhibit universal polymer matrix compatibility while retaining the rapid photo‐responsiveness of spiropyrans. The formation of strong interactions between the supramolecular assembly and polymer chains ensures the long‐term stability of the resultant stimuli‐responsive materials in aqueous environments. These platforms fully preserve the base polymers’ processing properties, with silk fibroin as the matrix offering exceptional opportunities for constructing photo‐responsive platforms in various forms (e.g., films, gels, fibers, and coatings) with multiple functionalities using diverse solution processing techniques. Integrating distinct photochromic and photoluminescent responses within a single format without interference, combined with environmental stability and processing flexibility, enables the creation of dual‐mode, high‐security encryption devices for diverse application scenarios. The outlined strategy provides innovative concepts for developing high‐performance, versatile intelligent systems utilizing stimulus‐responsive molecules.
Electrocatalysis for Urea Evolution and Oxidation Through Confining Atomic Ni Into In2O3 Nanosheet Catalysts
Authors: Sun Haoyue , Lee Sangseob , Tang Rui , Wang Lizhuo , Yang Cheng‐Jie , Liang Weibin , Zhao Shenlong , Dong Chung‐Li , Soon Aloysius , Huang Jun
Published: October 2024

Urea, a highly sought‐after fertilizer, is conventionally manufactured through the energy‐intensive Haber–Bosch process but is frequently encountered as a pollutant in wastewater. Thus, achieving sustainable urea production under ambient conditions and the potential to recycle urea from wastewater represent significant eco‐economic advancements. In this study, a novel Ni‐confined In2O3 (Ni‐In2O3) electrocatalyst demonstrating outstanding capabilities in both the urea evolution reaction (UER) from nitrate and carbon dioxide and the highly efficient urea oxidation reaction (UOR) for waste urea utilization is introduced. Computational data and in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis demonstrate that the unique Ni‐oxygen vacancy (Ni‐Vo) local structure effectively modulates the electronic configuration of neighboring In and Ni atoms. This structural refinement results in a significantly reduced energy barrier for the potential‐determining steps (PDS) in both UER (*COOHNH2 → *CONH2) and UOR (*CO(NH2)2 → *CONHNH2). Consequently, the optimized catalysts achieve a urea evolution faradic efficiency of 19.6%, accompanied by remarkable UOR performance, attaining a 100 mA cm−2 anodic current density at a potential of 1.35 V. This work not only offers a sustainable route to urea production but also highlights the potential for efficient urea oxidation, contributing to a greener and more economically viable future for the nitrogen cycle.