bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quelle histoire!
Authors: Larivée Serge
Published: April 2017

L’impossible dialogue. Sciences et religions d’Yves Gingras est un ouvrage magistral qui comprend sept chapitres d’inégale longueur. Les chapitres 1 et 2 sont consacrés aux péripéties de l’histoire de Galilée, alors que dans le chapitre 3, l’auteur fait état de l’émergence d’autres sciences qui feront également l’objet de discorde entre la science et la religion. Le chapitre 4 rappelle les nombreux cas de censure d’ouvrages scientifiques et l’opposition de plus en plus organisée de l’Église contre la science dont témoignent les mises à l’Index et l’Inquisition. Les chapitres 5 et 6 plongent le lecteur au coeur même de l’interrogation qui a donné naissance à cet ouvrage : « Comment expliquer le retour en force, depuis les années 1980-1990, de la question des relations entre science et religion et des appels au ‘‘dialogue’’ entre les deux domaines » (p.9). J’insiste ici sur trois éléments, deux abordés par Gingras, soit la notion de miracle et le rôle de la Fondation John Templeton, ainsi qu’un autre dont il ne traite pas, le principe du NOMA (Non-Overlapping Magisteria). Dans le chapitre 7, Gingras fait état de la montée des spiritualités autochtones et des croyances aux médecines traditionnelles dont les défenseurs s’acharnent à faire passer leurs convictions spirituelles et idéologiques avant la recherche scientifique.
Les adolescentes placées en centre de réadaptation : regard sur l’instabilité à travers l’étude de leurs parcours de placements
Authors: Hébert Sophie T. , Lanctôt Nadine
Published: April 2017

L’instabilité des parcours de placements est surtout étudiée selon le décompte du nombre de placements cumulé par un enfant sur une période donnée. À ce jour, peu d’études ont tenté de comprendre ce problème dans son ensemble, c’est-à-dire de manière contextualisée (Usher, Randolph et Gogan, 1999; Wulczyn, Kogan et Harden, 2003). Cette étude vise précisément cet objectif, soit d’étudier les parcours de placements dans leur entièreté, c’est-à-dire avec leurs multiples caractéristiques. Sachant qu’elles sont davantage à risque d’instabilité, la clientèle féminine est mise sous la loupe. À l’aide d’un échantillon de 315 adolescentes hébergées en centres jeunesse, l’approche centrée sur la personne a permis l’identification de trois parcours de placements au moyen d’analyses de classes latentes : un parcours stable, un parcours d’instabilité relationnelle ainsi qu’un parcours d’instabilité physique. Si une grande majorité des adolescentes (80,65 %) se retrouve dans un parcours relativement stable, un cinquième d’entre elles se retrouve dans un parcours instable, que ce soit au niveau relationnel (13 %) ou sur le plan davantage physique (6,37 %). Cette étude apporte un éclairage nouveau en abordant l’instabilité en placement comme un phénomène multiforme. Il ne s’agit plus de l’instabilité, mais de différentes instabilités qui renvoient à de multiples caractéristiques du parcours de placements. Cette subdivision oriente une discussion sur les implications cliniques, notamment en regard du projet de vie.
Attitudes parentales et traumatisme craniocérébral grave (TCC G) : étude des besoins des parents ayant subi un TCC G
Authors: Michallet Bernard , Hamelin Anouchka
Published: April 2017

Les séquelles et les impacts du traumatisme craniocérébral grave (TCC G) sur la réalisation des habitudes de vie des personnes qui l’ont subi sont assez bien connus. En revanche, les difficultés et les besoins rencontrés par les parents ayant subi un TCC G à l’égard de leur rôle parental sont peu documentés. Les résultats des études longitudinales sur les séquelles psychologiques, cognitives et comportementales suggèrent que des difficultés pourraient être présentes dans la réalisation du rôle parental des personnes ayant subi un TCC G. Objectif : Cette étude vise à présenter les difficultés et les besoins perçus par ces parents vivant avec les séquelles d’un TCC G, et à décrire les impacts de ces difficultés sur la vie familiale. Méthode : des groupes de réflexion ont été menés auprès de 13 parents ayant subi un TCC G, six proches et huit intervenants. Les données recueillies ont été analysées en utilisant la Démarche réflexive d’analyse en partenariat (DRAP) qui combine des techniques qualitatives et quantitatives. Résultats : devant l’ampleur des besoins identifiés, le soutien, formel et informel, semble nécessaire au fonctionnement familial et à la santé mentale des membres des familles concernées. Un programme de soutien destiné à ces parents et à leurs proches devrait être élaboré.
Improving ancient DNA genome assembly
Authors: Seitz Alexander , Nieselt Kay
Published: April 2017

Most reconstruction methods for genomes of ancient origin that are used today require a closely related reference. In order to identify genomic rearrangements or the deletion of whole genes, de novo assembly has to be used. However, because of inherent problems with ancient DNA, its de novo assembly is highly complicated. In order to tackle the diversity in the length of the input reads, we propose a two-layer approach, where multiple assemblies are generated in the first layer, which are then combined in the second layer. We used this two-layer assembly to generate assemblies for two different ancient samples and compared the results to current de novo assembly approaches. We are able to improve the assembly with respect to the length of the contigs and can resolve more repetitive regions.
Earthquake stress via event ratio levels: Application to the 2011 and 2016 Oklahoma seismic sequences
Authors: Walter William R. , Yoo Seung‐Hoon , Mayeda Kevin , Gök Rengin
Published: April 2017

We develop a new methodology for determining earthquake stress drop and apparent stress values via spectral ratio asymptotic levels. With sufficient bandwidth, the stress ratio for a pair of events can be directly related to these low‐ and high‐frequency levels. This avoids the need to assume a particular spectral model and derive stress drop from cubed corner frequency measures. The method can be applied to spectral ratios for any pair of closely related earthquakes and is particularly well suited for coda envelope methods that provide good azimuthally averaged, point‐source measures. We apply the new method to the 2011 Prague and 2016 Pawnee earthquake sequences in Oklahoma. The sequences show stress scaling with size and depth, with the largest events having apparent stress levels near 1 MPa and smaller and/or shallower events having systematically lower stress values.
Fast and slow shifts of the zonal‐mean intertropical convergence zone in response to an idealized anthropogenic aerosol
Authors: Voigt Aiko , Pincus Robert , Stevens Bjorn , Bony Sandrine , Boucher Olivier , Bellouin Nicolas , Lewinschal Anna , Medeiros Brian , Wang Zhili , Zhang Hua
Published: April 2017

Previous modeling work showed that aerosol can affect the position of the tropical rain belt, i.e., the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Yet it remains unclear which aspects of the aerosol impact are robust across models, and which are not. Here we present simulations with seven comprehensive atmosphere models that study the fast and slow impacts of an idealized anthropogenic aerosol on the zonal‐mean ITCZ position. The fast impact, which results from aerosol atmospheric heating and land cooling before sea‐surface temperature (SST) has time to respond, causes a northward ITCZ shift. Yet the fast impact is compensated locally by decreased evaporation over the ocean, and a clear northward shift is only found for an unrealistically large aerosol forcing. The local compensation implies that while models differ in atmospheric aerosol heating, this does not contribute to model differences in the ITCZ shift. The slow impact includes the aerosol impact on the ocean surface energy balance and is mediated by SST changes. The slow impact is an order of magnitude more effective than the fast impact and causes a clear southward ITCZ shift for realistic aerosol forcing. Models agree well on the slow ITCZ shift when perturbed with the same SST pattern. However, an energetic analysis suggests that the slow ITCZ shifts would be substantially more model‐dependent in interactive‐SST setups due to model differences in clear‐sky radiative transfer and clouds. We also discuss implications for the representation of aerosol in climate models and attributions of recent observed ITCZ shifts to aerosol.
Continued retreat of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, controlled by bed topography and ocean circulation
Authors: Seroussi H. , Nakayama Y. , Larour E. , Menemenlis D. , Morlighem M. , Rignot E. , Khazendar A.
Published: April 2017

The Amundsen Sea sector is experiencing the largest mass loss, glacier acceleration, and grounding line retreat in Antarctica. Enhanced intrusion of Circumpolar Deep Water onto the continental shelf has been proposed as the primary forcing mechanism for the retreat. Here we investigate the dynamics and evolution of Thwaites Glacier with a novel, fully coupled, ice‐ocean numerical model. We obtain a significantly improved agreement with the observed pattern of glacial retreat using the coupled model. Coupled simulations over the coming decades indicate a continued mass loss at a sustained rate. Uncoupled simulations using a depth‐dependent parameterization of sub‐ice‐shelf melt significantly overestimate the rate of grounding line retreat compared to the coupled model, as the parameterization does not capture the complexity of the ocean circulation associated with the formation of confined cavities during the retreat. Bed topography controls the pattern of grounding line retreat, while oceanic thermal forcing impacts the rate of grounding line retreat. The importance of oceanic forcing increases with time as Thwaites grounding line retreats farther inland.
Bed elevation of Jakobshavn Isbræ, West Greenland, from high‐resolution airborne gravity and other data
Authors: An L. , Rignot E. , Elieff S. , Morlighem M. , Millan R. , Mouginot J. , Holland D. M. , Holland D. , Paden J.
Published: April 2017

Jakobshavn Isbræ, West Greenland, which holds a 0.6 m sea level volume equivalent, has been speeding up and retreating since the late 1990s. Interpretation of its retreat has been hindered by difficulties in measuring its ice thickness with airborne radar depth sounders. Here we employ high‐resolution, helicopter‐borne gravity data from 2012 to reconstruct its bed elevation within 50 km of the ocean margin using a three‐dimensional inversion constrained by fjord bathymetry data offshore and a mass conservation algorithm inland. We find the glacier trough to be asymmetric and several 100 m deeper than estimated previously in the lower part. From 1996 to 2016, the grounding line migrated at 0.6 km/yr from 700 m to 1100 m depth. Upstream, the bed drops to 1600 m over 10 km then slowly climbs to 1200 m depth in 40 km. Jakobshavn Isbræ will continue to retreat along a retrograde slope for decades to come.
Role of Polymeric Metal Nucleation Inducers in Fabricating Large‐Area, Flexible, and Transparent Electrodes for Printable Electronics
Authors: Jeong Soyeong , Jung Suhyun , Kang Hongkyu , Lee Dasol , Choi Sang‐Bae , Kim Seok , Park Byoungwook , Yu Kilho , Lee Jinho , Lee Kwanghee
Published: April 2017

The advent of special types of transparent electrodes, known as “ultrathin metal electrodes,” opens a new avenue for flexible and printable electronics based on their excellent optical transparency in the visible range while maintaining their intrinsic high electrical conductivity and mechanical flexibility. In this new electrode architecture, introducing metal nucleation inducers (MNIs) on flexible plastic substrates is a key concept to form high‐quality ultrathin metal films (thickness ≈ 10 nm) with smooth and continuous morphology. Herein, this paper explores the role of “polymeric” MNIs in fabricating ultrathin metal films by employing various polymers with different surface energies and functional groups. Moreover, a scalable approach is demonstrated using the ionic self‐assembly on typical plastic substrates, yielding large‐area electrodes (21 × 29.7 cm2) with high optical transmittance (>95%), low sheet resistance (<10 Ω sq−1), and extreme mechanical flexibility. The results demonstrate that this new class of flexible and transparent electrodes enables the fabrication of efficient polymer light‐emitting diodes.
Lanthanide “Chameleon” Multistage Anti‐Counterfeit Materials
Authors: Kaczmarek Anna M. , Liu Ying‐Ya , Wang Chunhua , Laforce Brecht , Vincze Laszlo , Van Der Voort Pascal , Van Hecke Kristof , Van Deun Rik
Published: April 2017

Hybrid materials displaying multistage security behavior, where a single material shows both wavelength‐ and temperature‐dependent luminescence properties, are reported. The materials consist of mixed‐lanthanide β‐diketonate complexes grafted into the pores of a nanosized 2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐dicarboxylate‐acid MOF. A very specific choice of lanthanides and their ratios, as well as β‐diketonate ligand, is crucial for obtaining the desired properties. The wavelength‐dependent luminescence properties of the materials are very well matched with the excitation wavelengths of a standard UV lamp, and a clearly visible change in luminescence is observed in a narrow temperature range (slightly below and above room temperature), proving them to be excellent materials for use in anti‐counterfeit technologies, which would be almost impossible to mimic.
Tough Supramolecular Polymer Networks with Extreme Stretchability and Fast Room‐Temperature Self‐Healing
Authors: Liu Ji , Tan Cindy Soo Yun , Yu Ziyi , Li Nan , Abell Chris , Scherman Oren A.
Published: April 2017

Recent progress on highly tough and stretchable polymer networks has highlighted the potential of wearable electronic devices and structural biomaterials such as cartilage. For some given applications, a combination of desirable mechanical properties including stiffness, strength, toughness, damping, fatigue resistance, and self‐healing ability is required. However, integrating such a rigorous set of requirements imposes substantial complexity and difficulty in the design and fabrication of these polymer networks, and has rarely been realized. Here, we describe the construction of supramolecular polymer networks through an in situ copolymerization of acrylamide and functional monomers, which are dynamically complexed with the host molecule cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). High molecular weight, thus sufficient chain entanglement, combined with a small‐amount dynamic CB[8]‐mediated non‐covalent crosslinking (2.5 mol%), yields extremely stretchable and tough supramolecular polymer networks, exhibiting remarkable self‐healing capability at room temperature. These supramolecular polymer networks can be stretched more than 100× their original length and are able to lift objects 2000× their weight. The reversible association/dissociation of the host–guest complexes bestows the networks with remarkable energy dissipation capability, but also facile complete self‐healing at room temperature. In addition to their outstanding mechanical properties, the networks are ionically conductive and transparent. The CB[8]‐based supramolecular networks are synthetically accessible in large scale and exhibit outstanding mechanical properties. They could readily lead to the promising use as wearable and self‐healable electronic devices, sensors and structural biomaterials.
LiNbO3:Pr3+: A Multipiezo Material with Simultaneous Piezoelectricity and Sensitive Piezoluminescence
Authors: Tu Dong , Xu Chao‐Nan , Yoshida Akihito , Fujihala Masayoshi , Hirotsu Jou , Zheng Xu‐Guang
Published: April 2017

Red‐emitting piezoluminescence (elasticoluminescence) is achieved by doping rare earth Pr3+ into the well‐known piezoelectric matrix, LiNbO3. By precisely tuning the Li/Nb ratio in nonstoichiometric Li
x
NbO3:Pr3+, a material that exhibits an unusually high piezoluminescence intensity, which far exceeds that of any well‐known piezoelectric material, is produced. Li
x
NbO3:Pr3+ shows excellent strain sensitivity at the lowest strain level, with no threshold for stress sensing. These multipiezo properties of sensitive piezoluminescence in a piezoelectric matrix are ideal for microstress sensing, damage diagnosis, electro‐mechano‐optical energy conversion, and multifunctional control in optoelectronics.
Selective Coloration of Melanin Nanospheres through Resonant Mie Scattering
Authors: Cho Soojeong , Shim Tae Soup , Kim Ju Hyeon , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Kim Shin‐Hyun
Published: April 2017

Black melanin inks are prepared to selectively exhibit colors under strong light, inspired by human hair. High absorbance of melanin suppresses multiple scattering, causing resonant Mie scattering predominant. Various colors can be developed as the resonant wavelength dictated by nanosphere diameter. Therefore, the melanin inks can be used to encrypt and selectively disclose multicolor patterns for anticounterfeiting applications.
Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets from Agaric for High‐Performance Symmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: An Yufeng , Li Zhimin , Yang Yuying , Guo Bingshu , Zhang Ziyu , Wu Hongying , Hu Zhongai
Published: April 2017

Hierarchically porous, nitrogen‐doped, and interconnected carbon nanosheets (HPN‐CS) have been prepared from agaric through a one‐step method, that is, simultaneous carbonization, activation, and nitrogen‐doping. Potassium hydroxide infiltrated into the cell walls of agaric acts as an in‐built activating agent to induce a unique architecture of the resultant material. HPN‐CS have average pore diameter of 2.6 nm, specific surface area of 1565.6 m2 g−1, and high volume fraction of macro/mesopores (71.7%). It is noted that a lot of micropores with the simple pore structure are homogeneously distributed on the interconnected carbon nanosheets. The symmetric supercapacitor based HPN‐CS achieve a high operation voltage of 2.0 V and energy density of 27.2 Wh kg−1 (at a power density of 1 kW kg−1) in aqueous electrolyte of 2 m Li2SO4. Even at the power density of 50 kW kg−1 (50 times increase, a full charge–discharge within 3.2 s), energy density still holds at 20.8 Wh kg−1, indicating an excellent energy storage/release performance. In addition, the single device is able to easily light 60 light‐emitting diodes (working voltage 2.0–2.2 V) in parallel after charging for only 10 s, showing an outstanding potential in the practical applications.
Temporal clustering for order reduction of nonlinear parabolic PDE systems with time‐dependent spatial domains: Application to a hydraulic fracturing process
Authors: Narasingam Abhinav , Siddhamshetty Prashanth , Sang‐Il Kwon Joseph
Published: April 2017

A temporally‐local model order‐reduction technique for nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) systems with time‐dependent spatial domains is presented. In lieu of approximating the solution of interest using global (with respect to the time domain) empirical eigenfunctions, low‐dimensional models are derived by constructing appropriate temporally‐local eigenfunctions. Within this context, first of all, the time domain is partitioned into multiple clusters (i.e., subdomains) by using the framework known as global optimum search. This approach, a variant of Generalized Benders Decomposition, formulates clustering as a Mixed‐Integer Nonlinear Programming problem and involves the iterative solution of a Linear Programming problem (primal problem) and a Mixed‐Integer Linear Programming problem (master problem). Following the cluster generation, local (with respect to time) eigenfunctions are constructed by applying the proper orthogonal decomposition method to the snapshots contained within each cluster. Then, the Galerkin's projection method is employed to derive low‐dimensional ordinary differential equation (ODE) systems for each cluster. The local ODE systems are subsequently used to compute approximate solutions to the original PDE system. The proposed local model order‐reduction technique is applied to a hydraulic fracturing process described by a nonlinear parabolic PDE system with the time‐dependent spatial domain. It is shown to be more accurate and computationally efficient in approximating the original nonlinear system with fewer eigenfunctions, compared to the model order‐reduction technique with temporally‐global eigenfunctions. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3818–3831, 2017
Dearomatization of pyrolysis gasoline with an ionic liquid mixture: Experimental study and process simulation
Authors: Larriba Marcos , Navarro Pablo , Delgado‐Mellado Noemí , González Carlos , García Julián , Rodríguez Francisco
Published: April 2017

The pyrolysis gasoline is the main source of benzene, toluene, and xylenes. The dearomatization of this stream is currently performed by liquid–liquid extraction using sulfolane. However, the sulfolane process has high operating costs that could be minimized by employing ionic liquids as solvents because of their non‐volatile character. In this work, we proposed a novel process to perform the dearomatization of pyrolysis gasoline using a binary mixture of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ([emim][TCM]) and 1‐ethyl‐4‐methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([4empy][Tf2N]) ILs. The composition in the IL mixture was optimized considering their extractive and thermophysical properties. The Kremser method was applied using the experimental data to determine the number of equilibrium stages in the liquid–liquid extractor which provides the same extraction yields of aromatics using the IL mixture that those of the sulfolane process. The recovery section was designed and simulated from the experimental vapor–liquid equilibrium between the hydrocarbons and the IL mixture. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4054–4065, 2017
Comparative performance of an adiabatic and a nonadiabatic PSA process for bulk gas separation—a numerical simulation
Authors: Vemula Rama Rao , Sircar Shivaji
Published: April 2017

A detailed numerical model of a Skarstrom‐like PSA process is used to investigate the separation performance of an adiabatic and a nonadiabatic process for removal of bulk CO2 impurity from inert He. The complexity of the gas phase adsorbate composition, adsorbate loading, and the adsorbent temperature profiles as functions of positions inside an adsorber at the start and end of each step of the PSA process are discussed. The separation performance of a nonadiabatic PSA process is generally inferior to that of the corresponding adiabatic process. Smaller adsorbent column diameter accentuates nonadiabatic operation and hence lower separation efficiency. Furthermore, the separation efficiency decreases more rapidly at short cycle times and smaller column diameters. Insulation of PSA columns of a process development unit operated under these conditions is recommended for reliable data analysis. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4066–4078, 2017
Regional socioeconomic disparities in outcomes for workers with low back pain in the United States
Authors: Shraim Mujahed , Cifuentes Manuel , Willetts Joanna L. , Marucci‐Wellman Helen R. , Pransky Glenn
Published: April 2017

Background

Although regional socioeconomic (SE) factors have been associated with worse health outcomes, prior studies have not addressed important confounders or work disability.

Methods

A national sample of 59 360 workers’ compensation (WC) cases to evaluate impact of regional SE factors on medical costs and length of disability (LOD) in occupational low back pain (LBP).

Results

Lower neighborhood median household incomes (MHI) and higher state unemployment rates were associated with longer LOD. Medical costs were lower in states with more workers receiving Social Security Disability, and in areas with lower MHI, but this varied in magnitude and direction among neighborhoods. Medical costs were higher in more urban, more racially diverse, and lower education neighborhoods.

Conclusions

Regional SE disparities in medical costs and LOD occur even when health insurance, health care availability, and indemnity benefits are similar. Results suggest opportunities to improve care and disability outcomes through targeted health care and disability interventions.
A height‐for‐age growth reference for children with achondroplasia: Expanded applications and comparison with original reference data
Authors: Hoover‐Fong Julie , McGready John , Schulze Kerry , Alade Adekemi Yewande , Scott Charles I
Published: April 2017

The height‐for‐age (HA) reference currently used for children with achondroplasia is not adaptable for electronic records or calculation of HA Z‐scores. We report new HA curves and tables of mean and standard deviation (SD) HA, for calculating Z‐scores, from birth‐16 years in achondroplasia. Mixed longitudinal data were abstracted from medical records of achondroplasia patients from a single clinical practice (CIS, 1967–2004). Gender‐specific height percentiles (5, 25, 50, 75, 95th) were estimated across the age continuum, using a 2 month window per time point smoothed by a quadratic smoothing algorithm. HA curves were constructed for 0–36 months and 2–16 years to optimize resolution for younger children. Mean monthly height (SD) was tabulated. These novel HA curves were compared to reference data currently in use for children with achondroplasia. 293 subjects (162 male/131 female) contributed 1,005 and 932 height measures, with greater data paucity with age. Mean HA tracked with original achondroplasia norms, particularly through mid‐childhood (2–9 years), but with no evidence of a pubertal growth spurt. Standard deviation of height at each month interval increased from birth through 16 years. Birth length was lower in achondroplasia than average stature and, as expected, height deficits increased with age. A new HA reference is available for longitudinal growth assessment in achondroplasia, taking advantage of statistical modeling techniques and allowing for Z‐score calculations. This is an important contribution to clinical care and research endeavors for the achondroplasia population.
Diagnostic use of computational retrotransposon detection: Successful definition of pathogenetic mechanism in a ciliopathy phenotype
Authors: Takenouchi Toshiki , Kuchikata Tomu , Yoshihashi Hiroshi , Fujiwara Mineko , Uehara Tomoko , Miyama Sahoko , Yamada Shiro , Kosaki Kenjiro
Published: April 2017

Among more than 5,000 human monogenic disorders with known causative genes, transposable element insertion of a Long Interspersed Nuclear Element 1 (LINE1, L1) is known as the mechanistic basis in only 13 genetic conditions. Meckel–Gruber syndrome is a rare ciliopathy characterized by occipital encephalocele and cystic kidney disease. Here, we document a boy with occipital encephalocele, post‐axial polydactyly, and multicystic renal disease. A medical exome analysis detected a heterozygous frameshift mutation, c.4582_4583delCG p.(Arg1528Serfs*17) in CC2D2A in the maternally derived allele. The further use of a dedicated bioinformatics algorithm for detecting retrotransposon insertions led to the detection of an L1 insertion affecting exon 7 in the paternally derived allele. The complete sequencing and sequence homology analysis of the inserted L1 element showed that the L1 element was classified as L1HS (L1 human specific) and that the element had intact open reading frames in the two L1‐encoded proteins. This observation ranks Meckel–Gruber syndrome as only the 14th disorder to be caused by an L1 insertion among more than 5,000 known human genetic disorders. Although a transposable element detection algorithm is not included in the current best‐practice next‐generation sequencing analysis, the present observation illustrates the utility of such an algorithm, which would require modest computational time and resources. Whether the seemingly infrequent recognition of L1 insertion in the pathogenesis of human genetic diseases might simply reflect a lack of appropriate detection methods remains to be seen.
Age‐related differences in prevalence of autism spectrum disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with Costello syndrome
Authors: Schwartz David D. , Katzenstein Jennifer M. , Highley Eric J. , Stabley Deborah L. , Sol‐Church Katia , Gripp Karen W. , Axelrad Marni E.
Published: April 2017

Dysregulation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in Costello syndrome (CS) may contribute to increased risk for autism‐spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined prevalence of ASD symptoms in 14 individuals (six females) age 1–18 years with molecularly confirmed CS. Caregivers completed the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M‐CHAT) for ages 0–4 years (n = 7), and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) for ages 4 and older (n = 7). Age was associated with meeting ASD criteria: 5/7 (71.4%) younger children met the ASD cut‐off on the MCHAT, compared to 0/7 older children on the SCQ. The following medical and developmental factors were strongly associated with ASD criteria on the M‐CHAT: having a gastrostomy tube at time of assessment, not eating solid food, not walking, and not being toilet trained. Two children who met stricter ASD criteria had significantly lower adaptive functioning and were physically much more impaired. Among older participants, SCQ subscale scores in communication, socialization, and repetitive behavior domains were comparable to the typically‐developing normative sample. ASD symptoms were highly elevated in younger CS individuals. Older children did not differ from typically developing samples in prevalence of ASD symptoms. CS individuals may appear to fall on the autism spectrum in early childhood due to severe feeding and orthopedic problems that improve by age four, suggesting many of these children may eventually emerge out of an ASD presentation.
A de novo deletion in a boy with cerebral palsy suggests a refined critical region for the 4q21.22 microdeletion syndrome
Authors: Zarrei Mehdi , Merico Daniele , Kellam Barbara , Engchuan Worrawat , Scriver Tara , Jokhan Rikash , Wilson Michael D. , Parr Jeremy , Lemire Edmond G. , Stavropoulos Dimitri J. , Scherer Stephen W.
Published: April 2017

We present an 18‐year‐old boy with cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, speech delay, and seizures. He carries a likely pathogenic 1.3 Mb de novo heterozygous deletion in the 4q21.22 microdeletion syndrome region. He also carries a 436 kb maternally‐inherited duplication impacting the first three exons of CHRNA7. The majority of previously published cases with 4q21.22 syndrome shared common features including growth restriction, muscular hypotonia, and absent or severely delayed speech. Using copy number variation (CNV) data available for other subjects, we defined a minimal critical region of 170.8 kb within the syndromic region, encompassing HNRNPD. We also identified a larger 2 Mb critical region encompassing ten protein‐coding genes, of which six (PRKG2, RASGEF1B, HNRNPDL, HNRNPD, LIN54, COPS4) have a significantly low number of truncating loss‐of‐function mutations. Long‐range chromatin interaction data suggest that this deletion may alter chromatin interactions at the 4q21.22 microdeletion region. We suggest that the deletion or misregulation of these genes is likely to contribute to the neurodevelopmental and neuromuscular abnormalities in 4q21.22 syndrome.
Newborn screening for spinal muscular atrophy: The views of affected families and adults
Authors: Boardman Felicity K. , Young Philip J. , Griffiths Frances E.
Published: April 2017

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the leading genetic causes of infant death worldwide. However, due to a lack of treatments, SMA has historically fallen short of Wilson‐Jungner criteria. While studies have explored the acceptability of expanded newborn screening to the general public, the views of affected families have been largely overlooked. This is in spite of the potential for direct impacts on them and their unique positioning to consider the value of early diagnosis. We have previously reported data on attitudes toward pre‐conception and prenatal genetic screening for SMA among affected families (adults with SMA [n = 82] and family members [n = 255]). Here, using qualitative interview [n = 36] and survey data [n = 337], we report the views of this same cohort toward newborn screening. The majority (70%) of participants were in favor, however, all subgroups (except adults with type II) preferred pre‐conception and/or prenatal screening to newborn screening. Key reasons for newborn screening support were: (1) the potential for improved support; (2) the possibility of enrolling pre‐symptomatic children on clinical trials. Key reasons for non‐support were: (1) concerns about impact on the early experiences of the family; (2) inability to treat. Importantly, participants did not view the potential for inaccurate typing as a significant obstacle to the launch of a population‐wide screening program. This study underscores the need to include families affected by genetic diseases within consultations on screening. This is particularly important for conditions such as SMA which challenge traditional screening criteria, and for which new therapeutics are emerging.
Acetylene as a Driving and Organizing Molecule in One‐Pot Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of Furans using Chalcones and their Analogues
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Bidusenko Ivan A. , Schmidt Elena Yu. , Ushakov Igor' A. , Vashchenko Alexander V.
Published: April 2017

Acetylene reacts with chalcones and their heterocyclic analogues in NaOtBu/DMSO catalytic system (70 °C, 15 min) to afford substituted furans in a yield of up to 85 %, thus providing a simple and technologically feasible access to rare furan compounds.
Bargaining Room Partners: Economics and Empathy at Work
Authors: Creo Robert A.
Published: April 2017

Tears are words that need to be written.
Do not attempt resuscitation order in Japan
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshihide , Inokuchi Sadaki , Kobayashi Nobuo , Ohkubo Yoshinobu
Published: April 2017

Aim

In Japan, the do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) order is practised routinely even though no related laws or guidelines exist. This study aimed to clarify the current status of DNAR, reveal existing DNAR‐related issues, and improve the application of DNAR.

Methods

A questionnaire survey of medical institutions in Kanagawa Prefecture (total population, 9,120,000) about the current status of DNAR was carried out.

Results

The results showed that DNAR has been practised at approximately 90% of the hospitals surveyed, but only about 30% have developed in‐hospital DNAR guidelines. Approximately 80% of the hospitals do not involve patients in the decision on their own DNAR orders. Because the DNAR order has not been legislated, it is often unclear whether to resuscitate patients when a request for an ambulance is made for a cardiac arrest at home.

Conclusion

It is necessary for prefectures, municipalities, and local medical control authorities to take the initiative in establishing an ordinance on DNAR orders and developing guidelines.
Randomized clinical trial of deep brain stimulation for poststroke pain
Authors: Lempka Scott F. , Malone Donald A. , Hu Bo , Baker Kenneth B. , Wyant Alexandria , Ozinga John G. , Plow Ela B. , Pandya Mayur , Kubu Cynthia S. , Ford Paul J. , Machado Andre G.
Published: April 2017

Objective

The experience with deep brain stimulation (DBS) for pain is largely based on uncontrolled studies targeting the somatosensory pathways, with mixed results. We hypothesized that targeting limbic neural pathways would modulate the affective sphere of pain and alleviate suffering.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover study of DBS targeting the ventral striatum/anterior limb of the internal capsule (VS/ALIC) in 10 patients with poststroke pain syndrome. One month after bilateral DBS, patients were randomized to active DBS or sham for 3 months, followed by crossover for another 3‐month period. The primary endpoint was a ≥50% improvement on the Pain Disability Index in 50% of patients with active DBS compared to sham. This 6‐month blinded phase was followed by an 18‐month open stimulation phase.

Results

Nine participants completed randomization. Although this trial was negative for its primary and secondary endpoints, we did observe significant differences in multiple outcome measures related to the affective sphere of pain (eg, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Affective Pain Rating Index of the Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire). Fourteen serious adverse events were recorded and resolved.

Interpretation

VS/ALIC DBS to modulate the affective sphere of pain represents a paradigm shift in chronic pain management. Although this exploratory study was negative for its primary endpoint, VS/ALIC DBS demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and statistically significant improvements on multiple outcome measures related to the affective sphere of pain. Therefore, we believe these results justify further work on neuromodulation therapies targeting the affective sphere of pain. Ann Neurol 2017;81:653–663
Herstellung und Anwendung von festen, salzstabilisierten Zinkamidenolaten mit verbesserter Luftstabilität
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hung , Ellwart Mario , Toupalas Georgios , Ebe Yusuke , Knochel Paul
Published: April 2017

Die Umsetzung von verschiedenen N‐Morpholinamiden mit TMPZnCl⋅LiCl (TMP=2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidyl) und Mg(OPiv)2 in THF bei 25 °C ergibt nach Entfernen des Lösungsmittels feste Zinkenolate mit verbesserter Stabilität gegenüber Luft und Feuchtigkeit (t1/2 an Luft: 1–3 h). Diese Enolate können in Pd‐ oder Cu‐katalysierten Kreuzkupplungen mit (Hetero)Arylbromiden sowie mit Allyl‐ und Benzylhalogeniden eingesetzt werden. Die arylierten N‐Morpholinamide können in LaCl3⋅2 LiCl‐vermittelten Acylierungen mit Grignard‐Verbindungen in diverse Ketone überführt werden. Diese neuen, festen Enolate wurden des Weiteren verwendet, um einen Anti‐Brustkrebs‐Wirkstoffkandidaten in 6 Stufen und 23 % Gesamtausbeute herzustellen.
A Dendritic Nanostructured Copper Oxide Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Huan Tran Ngoc , Rousse Gwenaëlle , Zanna Sandrine , Lucas Ivan T. , Xu Xiangzhen , Menguy Nicolas , Mougel Victor , Fontecave Marc
Published: April 2017

To use water as the source of electrons for proton or CO2 reduction within electrocatalytic devices, catalysts are required for facilitating the proton‐coupled multi‐electron oxygen evolution reaction (OER, 2 H2O→O2+4 H++4 e−). These catalysts, ideally based on cheap and earth abundant metals, have to display high activity at low overpotential and good stability and selectivity. While numerous examples of Co, Mn, and Ni catalysts were recently reported for water oxidation, only few examples were reported using copper, despite promising efficiencies. A rationally designed nanostructured copper/copper oxide electrocatalyst for OER is presented. This material derives from conductive copper foam passivated by a copper oxide layer and further nanostructured by electrodeposition of CuO nanoparticles. The generated electrodes are highly efficient for catalyzing selective water oxidation to dioxygen with an overpotential of 290 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m NaOH solution.
Preparation, characterization, biological activity, density functional theory calculations and molecular docking of chelates of diazo ligand derived from m‐phenylenediamine and p‐chlorophenol
Authors: Mahmoud Walaa H. , Mohamed Gehad G. , Refat Ahmed M.
Published: April 2017

A novel azo dye ligand, 2,2′‐(1,3‐phenylenebis(diazene‐2,1‐diyl))bis(4‐chlorophenol), was synthesized from the diazotization of m‐phenelyenediamine and coupling with p‐chlorophenol in alkaline medium. Mononuclear Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes of the azo ligand (H2L) were prepared and characterized using elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, magnetic susceptibility, conductance measurements and thermal analyses. The UV–visible, 1H NMR and mass spectra of the ligand and its chelates were also recorded. The analytical data showed that the metal‐to‐ligand ratio in the mononuclear azo complexes was 1:1. Diffuse reflectance and magnetic moment measurements revealed the complexes to have octahedral geometry. The infrared spectral data showed that the chelation behaviour of the ligand towards transition metal ions was through phenolic oxygen and azo nitrogen atoms. The electronic spectral results indicated the existence of π → π* (phenyl rings) and n → π* (─N═N) and confirmed the mentioned structure. Molar conductivity revealed the non‐electrolytic nature of all chelates. The presence of water molecules in all complexes was supported by thermal studies. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding between H2L and the receptors of breast cancer mutant 3hb5‐oxidoreductase, crystal structure of Escherichia coli (3 t88) and crystal structure of Staphylococcus aureus (3q8u). The molecular and electronic structure of H2L was optimized theoretically and the quantum chemical parameters were calculated. In addition, the effects of the H2L azo ligand and its complexes on the inhibition of bacterial or fungal growth were evaluated. The prepared complexes had enhanced activity against bacterial or fungal growth compared to the H2L azo ligand.
Surface‐confined electropolymerization of pyronin Y in the graphene composite paper structure for the amperometric determination of dopamine
Authors: Kıranşan Kader Dağcı , Topçu Ezgi , Alanyalıoğlu Murat
Published: April 2017

Surface‐confined electropolymerization allowed us to easily prepare homogeneous polymer composite paper structures. The fabrication of freestanding graphene (Gr)‐based composite electrodes is very important for many modular approaches in electrochemical applications, such as fuel cells, supercapacitors, and sensors. A Gr composite paper electrode doped with polymeric films of pyronin Y was fabricated by two repetitive simple applications: vacuum filtration and surface‐confined electropolymerization. The characterization of this composite paper was done with scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, four‐point probe conductivity measurement, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The freestanding composite paper demonstrated good electrocatalytic activity for the electrooxidation of dopamine; this indicated that this composite paper could be used for the amperometric quantification of dopamine in real samples. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45139.
Exchanging Alkyl Groups through Unstrained C−C Bond Cleavage in the Presence of a Copper Catalyst
Authors: Wada Masaru , Noda Yushi , Nishikata Takashi
Published: April 2017

Although numerous reports exist on strained C−C bond cleavage reactions in aryl substitutions, the cleavage methodology for unstrained C−C bonds in alkylation reactions has not yet been established. We found that unstrained allylic C−C bonds can be cleaved using α‐radicals to form C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds in the presence of a copper catalyst. In this reaction, the property of leaving and loading radicals is very important for radical fragmentations. In this paper, we investigated the effects of these properties in cleavage reactions for unstrained C−C bonds.
X‐ray variability of cool stars: Magnetic activity and accretion
Authors: Stelzer B.
Published: April 2017

This article provides a review of X‐ray variability from late‐type stars with particular focus on the achievements of XMM‐Newton and its potential for future studies in this field.
Evolution of clusters and cosmology
Authors: Arnaud M.
Published: April 2017

Recent Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) surveys (ACT, Planck, SPT) have provided new cluster catalogs, very significantly expanding the coverage of the mass–redshift plane, while XMM‐Newton surveys are pushing cluster detection to lower masses, up to z ∼ 1 and beyond. Cosmological analysis of the new cluster samples, particularly that of the largest Planck sample, found fewer clusters than predicted by the base Planck ΛCDM model derived from cosmic microwave (CMB) anisotropies. This could imply a need for extension of the model and/or a revision of cluster physics. In parallel, Chandra and XMM‐Newton follow‐up programs on these new SZ‐discovered clusters have improved our knowledge of evolution, as well as providing new information on survey selection. These results challenge our understanding of fundamental issues such as (a) what the true mass of clusters is, with implications for the baryon depletion at cluster scales and cluster dynamical evolution, and (b) what the true underlying population is, that we are only partly detecting at various wavelengths. Potential new observations to address these issues with XMM‐Newton in conjunction with other observatories are discussed.
Untersuchungen zum Einfluss einer nachträglichen Wärmebehandlung auf das Dämmverhalten von Holzfaserplatten
Authors: Brombacher Volker , Michel Franco , Scheiding Wolfram , Torres Uribe Marco , Niemz Peter
Published: April 2017

An unter Variation der Zerfaserungsbedingungen hergestelltem Faserstoff und an Holzfaserdämmplatten wurde die Wärmeleitfähigkeit bestimmt, um das Dämmverhalten der Faserplatten zu optimieren. Die Faserstoffe wurden dazu thermisch nachvergütet. Durch nachträgliche Wärmebehandlung kann eine Reduzierung der Gleichgewichtsfeuchte und damit auch der Wärmeleitzahl erreicht werden.
Energieeffizienzklassen der VDI 4610 – Beispiel Rohrdämmungen in der EnEV
Authors: Schreiner Roland
Published: April 2017

Der Wärme‐ und Kälteschutz von betriebstechnischen Anlagen in der Industrie und in der technischen Gebäudeausrüstung ist eine wesentliche Komponente bei der Reduzierung von Energieverlusten und ermöglicht den Betreibern die Anlage energieeffizient zu nutzen. Die VDI‐Richtlinie 4610 Blatt 1 „Energieeffizienz betriebstechnischer Anlagen – Aspekte des Wärme‐ und Kälteschutzes” ist das Grundlagendokument dafür. Hier sind zur Klassifizierung von technischen Dämmsystemen sieben Energieeffizienzklassen definiert.

In Deutschland werden die Dämmschichtdicken für Rohrleitungen von Heizungsanlagen als Bestandteil der technischen Gebäudeausrüstung in der Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV) vorgeschrieben. Aus der Anwendung der VDI 4610 Blatt 1 auf Rohrdämmungen ergeben sich mögliche Weiterentwicklungen der EnEV in Bezug auf die Energieeffizienz und die Berücksichtigung von anlagenbedingten Wärmebrücken.
Tunable emission from LiBaBO3:Eu3+;Bi3+ phosphor for solid‐state lighting
Authors: Lephoto Mantwa Annah , Tshabalala Kamohelo George , Motloung Selepe Joel , Shaat Samy Khalil Kamel , Ntwaeaborwa Odireleng Martin
Published: April 2017

Europium (Eu3+) and bismuth (Bi3+) co‐activated LiBaBO3 powder phosphors were synthesized by a solid‐state reaction and the structure, particle morphology, optical and photoluminescent properties were investigated. X‐Ray diffraction patterns of the LiBaBO3 phosphors crystallized in a pure monoclinic phase, i.e. there were no secondary phases due to either incidental impurities or undecomposed starting materials. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the powders were made up of fluffy needle‐like particles that were randomly aligned. The band‐gap of the LiBaBO3 host was estimated to be 3.33 eV from the UV/vis absorption data. Blue emission was observed from the LiBaBO3 host, which is ascribed to self‐activation of the host matrix. In addition, greenish‐blue (493 nm) and red (613 nm) emissions were observed from europium‐doped samples and were attributed to the emissions of Eu2+ and Eu3+, respectively. Furthermore, after codoping with Bi3+, the emission intensity of Eu3+ located at 613 nm was significantly enhanced. From the Commission Internationale de I′Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates, white emission was observed from LiBa1–xBO3:xEu3+ (x = 0.020 and 0.025) phosphor powders with color coordinates of x = 0.368, y = 0.378 and x = 0.376, y = 0.366, respectively.