bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considerações sobre instituições de reabilitação para crianças e adolescentes com deficiência no município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Borgneth Livia Rangel Lopes , Hassano Alice Yuriko Shinohara , Guedes Luciane Gaspar , Ribeiro Márcia Gonçalves
Published: November 2019

Discussão a partir de dados extraídos da pesquisa “Estudo da oferta e análise de programas de reabilitação para a população infanto-juvenil com deficiência no Município do Rio de Janeiro”. Objetivo: Ampliar o conhecimento sobre as instituições que oferecem reabilitação para a população de crianças e adolescentes com deficiência. Método: Estudo descritivo tipo inquérito, por questionário, especificamente preparado para este fim. Resultados: A amostra composta por 7 (12,6%) instituições de ensino, 16 (29,6%) instituições pertencentes ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e 31 (57,41%) representam: 11 organizações não governamentais, 15 filantrópicas e 5 privadas conveniadas com o SUS e/ou Sistema único de Assistência Social (SUAS), mostrando que a maior parte dos atendimentos não ocorre na rede pública. Este dado sugere rotatividade de profissionais por falta de estabilidade e consequente descontinuidade de tratamento. Maioria das organizações, fora a rede pública, tem convênio com o SUAS, cuja missão é regular e organizar serviços, programas e benefícios socioassistenciais, o que pode levar ao não aproveitamento de avanços técnicos na área da saúde. Avaliações médicas especializadas e recursos como óculos, cadeira de rodas, andadores, mostraram não ser de fácil obtenção. Considerações sobre dificuldade para reabilitação são levantadas. Conclusão: O fato de que esta população quando reabilitada tem ampliada sua condição para participação ativa na sociedade, com consequente redução de custo e aumento do capital social é uma realidade. Ampliar conhecimentos sobre a gestão em reabilitação está se tornando cada vez mais premente, visto que avanços científicos e tecnológicos aliados a constantes conquistas sociais viabilizam, cada vez mais, inserção de pessoas que antes estariam restritas a uma vida de exclusão social.
Endothelial Cell–Derived Interleukin-18 Released During Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Selectively Expands T Peripheral Helper Cells to Promote Alloantibody Production
Authors: Liu Lufang , Fang Caodi , Fu Whitney , Jiang Bo , Li Guangxin , Qin Lingfeng , Rosenbluth Jacob , Gong Gavin , Xie Catherine B. , Yoo Peter , Tellides George , Pober Jordan S. , Jane-wit Dan
Published: November 2019

Background:

Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) predisposes to the formation of donor-specific antibodies, a factor contributing to chronic rejection and late allograft loss.

Methods:

We describe a mechanism underlying the correlative association between IRI and donor-specific antibodies by using humanized models and patient specimens.

Results:

IRI induces immunoglobulin M–dependent complement activation on endothelial cells that assembles an NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome via a Rab5-ZFYVE21-NIK axis and upregulates ICOS-L (inducible costimulator ligand) and PD-L2 (programmed death ligand 2). Endothelial cell–derived interleukin-18 (IL-18) selectively expands a T-cell population (CD4+CD45RO+PD-1
hi
ICOS+CCR2+CXCR5–) displaying features of recently described T peripheral helper cells. This population highly expressed IL-18R1 and promoted donor-specific antibodies in response to IL-18 in vivo. In patients with delayed graft function, a clinical manifestation of IRI, these cells were Ki-67+IL-18R1+ and could be expanded ex vivo in response to IL-18.

Conclusions:

IRI promotes elaboration of IL-18 from endothelial cells to selectively expand alloreactive IL-18R1+ T peripheral helper cells in allograft tissues to promote donor-specific antibody formation.
Krapp's Last Tape and Breath as Algorithmic Performances: A Heuristic
Authors: Balds Treena
Published: November 2019

Samuel Beckett's Breath and Krapp's Last Tape feature stage directions as algorithms that show basic human processes or actions as amenable to programmatic interpretation. Both texts highlight repeated actions and inscribe this repetition into the language and/or the looping behaviors of the characters. Emphasizing the inchoate algorithms these texts contain underscores the connection between Beckett's dramatic ideas and contemporaneous discourses on the computability of physical and mental states.
Perspectives on Algorithmic Performance through the Lens of Interactive Art
Authors: Rokeby David
Published: November 2019

Decades of creating and exhibiting interactive installations have illuminated the way algorithms work to modulate, augment, and constrain performances through real-time feedback. They can be deployed as performers themselves to provide unique insight into their inner workings and their implications for human culture, and to provide an alienating frame within which to wonder about what it means to be human.
Performing the Digital and AI: In Conversation with Antje Budde David Rokeby
Authors: Kleber Pia , Trojanowska Tamara
Published: November 2019

Antje Budde and David Rokeby discuss their perspectives on algorithms, artificial intelligence, and other emerging technologies in the context of performance. Budde explains the activities and philosophy of the Digital Dramaturgy Lab at the University of Toronto and Rokeby articulates his perspectives on performance as a creator of interactive installations.
“I am not just a me but I'm also a we”: Algorithmic Culture and Netflix's Sense8
Authors: Gentleman Rye
Published: November 2019

Transgender representation has proliferated in the era of algorithmically driven digital media, marking an increase in trans visibility alongside a sharp decrease in the material well-being of transgender people. By positioning its sole transgender character as an avatar of the algorithmic era, Netflix's Sense8 reveals the ways in which algorithmic culture contributes to the paradox of trans media visibility.
Legacies of Loss and Trauma, Healing and Redemption: Cape Town Live Art Festival
Authors: Katrak Ketu H.
Published: November 2019

Performance, installation, and African-based ritual represent the body as a site of subversion, sexuality, and healing at the 2018 Cape Town Live Art Festival. Provocative performances are located in sites across the city — the Cape Coast Castle (with its 19th-century slave-holding dungeons), a warehouse, a museum, a railway station, and the library.
SOLD!: Restaging Dance, Death, and Disability
Authors: Maedza Pedzisai
Published: November 2019

Themba Mbuli's SOLD! integrates differently abled dancers in a performance that remembers the 1904–08 Namibian genocide. SOLD! pays homage to four unnamed women and a young boy whose mortal remains were among the first skulls repatriated from Berlin to Windhoek in 2011, as it animates the excesses of colonial officials who obtained body parts for use in eugenics, phrenology, and other racial-hygiene sciences.
The Politics of Literary Value in Early Modernist Arabic Comparative Literary Criticism
Authors: Alfaisal Haifa S.
Published: November 2019

The modernist epistemic disconnect from the “medieval Islamic republic of letters,” Muhsin al-Musawi argues, is attributable both to the incursion of Enlightenment-infused European discourse and a failure to read the import of the republic’s significant cultural capital. This article explores the effects of Eurocentric incursions on transformations in literary value in two of the earliest known works of comparative Arabic literary criticism: Rūḥī al-Khālidī’s Tārīkh ʿilm al-adab ʿind al-ifranj wa-l-ʿarab wa-fiktūr hūkū (The History of the Science of Literature of the Franks, the Arabs, and Victor Hugo, 1902) and Aḥmad Ḍayf’s Muqaddimah li-dirāsat balāghat al-ʿarab (Introduction to the Study of Arab balāghah, 1921). I employ the various theoretical formulations of the decolonial school of thought, primarily Walter Mignolo’s coloniality/modernity complex, in tracing these epistemological shifts in literary value and focus on the internalization of Eurocentric critiques of Arabic literary capital. I also discuss the politics involved in such processes, presenting a decolonial perspective on these modernists’ engagement with their Arabic critical heritage.
Le concept d’adab est-il dérivé du mot daʾb ? : retour sur une hypothèse ancienne de Vollers et Nallino
Authors: Natij Salah
Published: November 2019

The following remarks intend to re-examine the linguistic-epistemic relationship that Arabists have been accustomed to establishing between the terms adab and daʾb since Vollers and Nallino. I propose in this study to return to the hypothesis of Vollers and Nallino in order to examine the validity of the link of linguistic-epistemic descent between the words daʾb and adab. We believe that the establishment of this relationship of parentage and linguistic kinship between these two terms constitutes a real epistemological obstacle that prevents us from understanding and defining the concept of adab in a way that is both fair and complex. It is the purpose of this paper therefore to reconsider this question by proposing an analysis that attempts to show how and why the term daʾb and the concept adab refer to two different domains of experience and proceed from two different and separate thought systems.
Empathy, Emotion, and Environment in Alternative Australian Landscape Cinema: The Case of Rabbit-Proof Fence
Authors: Weik von Mossner Alexa
Published: November 2019

The article aims to complement contextual analyses of the political, ideological and commercial uses of natural environments in Australian landscape cinema by exploring from a cognitive perspective exactly how such environments are foregrounded in ways that affect viewers’ emotional relationships to both characters and the environments themselves. Phillip Noyce’s Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002) serves as an example of a film that aims for a realistic portrayal of the physical hardship of the Australian outback, while also using that cinematic environment strategically to reinforce viewers’ emotional attachment to its young heroines and, ultimately, to push a political argument that runs counter to the conservative national ideology that informs much of traditional Australian landscape cinema.
The Municipal Pool in Australia: Emotional Geography and Affective Intensities
Authors: Rossiter Penelope
Published: November 2019

In many Australian communities, outdoor municipal pools are much loved yet constantly threatened with closure. Threats of closure inspire impassioned responses and it is clear that these seasonal pools offer much more than physical infrastructure. At first glance, the concept of ‘emotional geography’ seems to capture this ‘more’, and this essay, based on research at one such pool, demonstrates how pools afford sociality, embodied experiences and practices of emplacement that emotionally connect people to each other, to nature and to an imagined historical community. However, participants’ narratives also revealed affective intensities, and multisensory evocations of place and self synchronically encountered, that the concept of ‘emotional geography’ cannot capture. To understand the cultural meaning and personal significance of seasonal pools in Australia, we have to feel our way through the placial folding of affective intensities and emotional lives.
Written in Stone? Creative Strategies for Struggling with Fate in Chinese Character Divination (cezi 測字)
Authors: Schmiedl Anne
Published: November 2019

This paper analyzes how fate is understood in imperial Chinese anecdotes on character divination (cezi 測字). It demonstrates that character divination, due to its qualities as a script-based method, allows the protagonists of divination anecdotes to intervene creatively in the predictive process. The protagonists use this opportunity to seize agency and attempt to influence or change their fate through different strategies. The paper explores these strategies in detail. To transform the outcome of the predictions, protagonists make use of apotropaism, repetition, mimesis, name changing, and the interpretative techniques of diviners. This paper contributes to the study of the notion of fate in imperial China by proving the unique role of character divination. It shows that in anecdotes on character divination, unlike in many other divinatory methods, fate is presented as determined. Even though protagonists attempt to assume agency over their fate, they ultimately fail. In Chinese character divination, fate is written in stone.
Critical Media Literacy in Global Disquiet Times
Authors: Cruz Ana , Dorsch Joachim
Published: November 2019

In this ‘post-truth’ era with instantly spreading fake news and alternative facts, intentional production of ignorance and manufactured disinformation, the rapid erosion of digital privacy, coupled with a retreat of individuals to a life in cyberspace, the need for a critical media literacy education is more urgent than ever. Being oblivious regarding these threats to the digitally networked society is not an option since the future of humankind and the survival of a viable democracy are at stake. Revamping the curriculum to include a core course on critical media literacy at the college entry-level will constitute an important step in combatting these threats and supporting a democratic society. The current historical juncture is a time of disquiet, as espoused by Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935), of restlessness and uncertainty everywhere. Critical media literacy remains the only hope in order to develop an understanding of what is happening in the rapidly changing and evolving digitally networked society. It is through a robust critical media literacy education that we will be able to learn how media is transforming not only our social world but our inner world as well.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Dendrimer-Encapsulated Platinum Nanoparticles as Catalytic Immobilization Matrix for Amperometric Sensing of Glutamate
Authors: Lee Chang-Seuk , Ju Youngwon , Shim Sujin , Kim Joohoon , Kim Tae Hyun
Published: November 2019

Herein, we report the functional decoration of single-walled carbon nanotubes (swCNTs) with Pt dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (Pt DENs) (dia. (1.78 ± 0.18) nm) for the amperometric sensing of glutamate. The functional decoration of swCNTs was carried out via electrochemical
grafting of Pt DENs onto swCNTs, and subsequent cross-linking of glutamate oxidase (GluOx) enzymes to the grafted Pt DENs on swCNT surfaces. The critical role of Pt DENs as catalytic immobilization matrix allowed both the immobilization of GluOx enzymes while maintaining the enzymatic activity
of GluOx, and the electrocatalytic oxidation of H2O2 generated enzymatically in the presence of glutamate. Taking advantage of Pt DENs as catalytic immobilization matrix, the resulting swCNTs films, denoted as GluOx/Pt DEN/swCNTs, were applied as amperometric sensing
platforms that display superior analytical characteristics, including sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility, to the non-catalytic counterpart (i.e., GluOx/swCNTs), which led to the promising application of GluOx/Pt DEN/swCNTs to the practical analysis of glutamate in real
samples.
Preparation of Pd/GO/Cu Electrode and Its Electrochemical Degradation for 2,4-Dichlorophenol
Authors: Zhang Jian , Jiang Yuting , Wang Bing , Zhang Lanhe , Li Zheng , Lu Muchen
Published: November 2019

Chlorinated aromatic compounds (CACs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants, which have serious damage to water environment due to their own stable structure. But a good many of CACs were abandoned because of their tremendous yields and wide applications, so it is urgent to find
the effective degradation methods for CACs. The electrochemical method is supposed to be a simple, environmentally friendly and effective pathway to degrade CACs. In this paper, a Pd/GO/Cu composite electrode was prepared by a combination of impregnation method and constant current electrodeposition
method, which showed good electrochemical degradation efficiency for the 2,4-dichlorophenol. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the surface structure, functional
group composition, crystal structure and surface element valence of the electrode. Moreover, the stability of the electrode was investigated, and the preparation conditions of the electrode were optimized.
Evaluating Errors in Gamma-Function Representations of the Raindrop Size Distribution: A Method for Determining the Optimal Parameter Set for Use in Bulk Microphysics Schemes
Authors: Shan Yunpeng , Wilcox Eric M. , Gao Lan , Lin Lin , Mitchell David L. , Yin Yan , Zhao Tianliang , Zhang Lei , Shi Hongrong , Gao Meng
Published: November 2019

Significant uncertainty lies in representing the rain droplet size distribution (DSD) in bulk cloud microphysics schemes and in the derivation of parameters of the function fit to the spectrum from the varying moments of a DSD. Here we evaluate the suitability of gamma distribution functions (GDFs) for fitting rain DSDs against observed disdrometer data. Results illustrate that double-parameter GDFs with prescribed or diagnosed positive spectral shape parameters μ fit rain DSDs better than the Marshall–Palmer distribution function (with μ = 0). The relative errors of fitting the spectrum moments (especially high-order moments) decrease by an order of magnitude [from O(102) to O(101)]. Moreover, introduction of a triple-parameter GDF with mathematically solved μ decreases the relative errors to O(100). Based on further investigation of potential combinations of the three prognostic moments for triple-moment cloud microphysical schemes, it is found that the GDF with parameters determined from predictions of the zeroth, third, and fourth moments (the 034 GDF) exhibits the best fit to rain DSDs compared to other moment combinations. Therefore, we suggest that the 034 prognostic moment group should replace the widely accepted 036 group to represent rain DSDs in triple-moment cloud microphysics schemes. An evaluation of the capability of GDFs to represent rain DSDs demonstrates that 034 GDF exhibits accurate fits to all observed DSDs except for rarely occurring extremely wide spectra from heavy precipitation and extremely narrow spectra from drizzle. The knowledge gained from this assessment can also be used to improve cloud microphysics retrieval schemes and data assimilation.
Women Recipients of IADR Distinguished Scientist Awards
Authors: D’Silva N.J. , Herren S.S. , Mina M. , Bellile E.
Published: November 2019

The International Association for Dental Research (IADR) Distinguished Scientist Awards are prestigious recognitions of outstanding scientific accomplishments in various areas of dental, oral, and craniofacial research, which correspond to several of the IADR Scientific Groups and Networks. These 17 awards were established over a period of 60 y. The objective of this report is to highlight women recipients of IADR Distinguished Scientist Awards. Additionally, we report the distribution of awards to women scientists over time and compare the number of women nominees, awardees, and gender distribution of the membership. Information about the awards was obtained from the IADR member database and press releases. Information collected included name of the award, year received, and the awardee’s name, institution, and position held at the time of the award. For the last 14 y, the time span for which reliable information was available, the gender distribution of the membership of the IADR was also retrieved. Overall, only 13% of the awardees have been women; even in the last 20 y, <20% have been women. In the last 14 y, the number of women awardees paralleled the number of nominees for each award. However, the proportion of women nominees was significantly lower than the female membership each year ( P < 0.001). With the exception of 1 y, the percentage of women awardees trailed the women membership of the IADR. In the past 4 y, women represented 12% to 18% of the awardees, whereas they composed 41% to 46% of the IADR’s membership. Given the benefits of prestigious recognitions on recruitment and retention of faculty and on attracting new research trainees into a discipline, it is important that policies be implemented to increase the proportion of women nominees for awards to appropriately recognize the efforts of remarkable women scientists.
100 Years of the Journal of Dental Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ahmad P. , Alam M.K. , Jakubovics N.S. , Schwendicke F. , Asif J.A.
Published: November 2019

Since its inception in 1919, the Journal of Dental Research has continually published high-quality articles that span the breadth of research topics relevant to dentistry, oral surgery, and medicine. As part of the journal’s centennial celebration, we conducted an electronic search on Scopus to identify and analyze the top 100 most cited articles from 1919 to 2018. Since Scopus does not capture older citations, we conducted an additional analysis by Google Scholar to identify key articles published in the first 50 y of the journal. Based on Scopus, the articles were ranked in descending order per their citation counts. The citation counts of the 100 most cited articles varied from 262 to 1,503. The year in which the largest number of top 100 articles were published was 2004 ( n = 6). Within the top 100, the majority of articles originated from the United States ( n = 52). Research Reports–Biomaterials & Bioengineering was the most frequent category of cited articles ( n = 35). There was no significant association between total citation count and time since publication (correlation coefficient = –0.051, P = 0.656). However, there was a significant negative association of citation density (correlation coefficient = –0.610, P < 0.01) with time since publication. Our analyses demonstrate the broad reach of the journal and the dynamics in citation patterns and research agenda over its 100-y history. There is considerable evidence of the high variance in research output, when measured via citations, across the globe. Moreover, it remains unclear how patients’ priorities and dental health care needs are aligned with the perceived influence of single research pieces identified by our search. Our findings may help to inspire future research in tackling these inequalities and highlight the need for conceptualizing research priorities.
Effects of Acute Stretching on Cognitive Function and Mood States of Physically Inactive Young Adults
Authors: Sudo Mizuki , Ando Soichi
Published: November 2019

Exercise intensity from stretching is very low, making it well suited to varied populations, including physically inactive people. We tested the hypothesis that acute stretching would improve cognitive function and improved mood states in physically inactive people. We asked 19 physically inactive young participants to perform the Stroop task and complete the short form of Profile of Moods Scale before and after 10 minutes of whole body stretching using yoga techniques and poses (stretching condition) versus a resting period. In the stretching condition, we observed decreases in Tension–Anxiety, Depression–Dejection, Anger–Hostility, Fatigue, and Confusion scores on the Profile of Moods Scale (all p values < .01) and an increase in the Vigor score ( p =  .01). We also observed a decrease in Stroop interference performance ( p <  .001). Furthermore, we found a significant negative correlation between ΔVigor score and ΔStroop interference ( r = −.36, p =  .03), indicating that a greater increase in the Vigor score was associated with better cognitive performance. Thus, acute stretching improved mood states and cognitive performance in physically inactive people. We suggest that the improved cognitive performance may be, at least partly, associated with the improved mood states.
Socioeconomic status and long-term exposure to disadvantaged neighbourhoods in France
Authors: McAvay Haley
Published: November 2019

This paper uses a large-scale longitudinal data set from France over a 23-year period (1990–2013) to investigate the links between socioeconomic status and long-term exposure to disadvantaged neighbourhoods. The findings show that while local environments tend to be durable over the life course, higher income substantially reduces the risk of staying in spaces with high unemployment over time. The negative effect of income on the transmission of disadvantage is found regardless of immigrant background. However, a specific form of socio-spatial disadvantage is observed for low-income children of non-European immigrant(s), who experience a greater degree of exposure to high unemployment areas from childhood to adulthood than any other group. These findings make a new contribution to emerging research on intergenerational contextual mobility by documenting the moderating effect of income and immigrant origin on the transmission of spatial disadvantage.
Teaching social media and public administration: Applying four approaches to an emerging issue
Authors: McBeth Mark K , Brewer Adam M , Smith Mackenzie N
Published: November 2019

This article presents an approach to teaching how social media impacts the public-sector workplace. Social media creates new challenges for both public administration practitioners and teachers. Yet, the topic does not yet have wide-scale discussion in the public administration education literature. After a review of four approaches to public administration (managerial, legal, political, and ethical), we developed a fictional social media case that was administered in an email survey to a sample of 50 graduates of a Master of Public Administration (MPA) program (37 responded and completed the survey). The case involves a local government employee whose employer wants to terminate because of the employee’s use of social media following a city council meeting. The results of our survey provide insight into how administrators would deal with the situation presented in the case and leads to the development of a series of questions for faculty using the case in their classroom. Our teaching case should provoke serious classroom discussions. Our study reveals the importance of the teaching and discussion of social media in public administration courses along with identifying continuing areas of future research.
The 1970s Chile: lessons and warnings for contemporary democracy
Authors: Blumler Jay , Álvarez Fuentes Mario
Published: November 2019

The article analyses the communication factors that led up and contributed to General Pinochet’s coup against Salvador Allende’s Popular Unity government in Chile in September 1973. Empirically based on interviews held with Chilean politicians and journalists in autumn 1972 and a content analysis of changes in key newspapers’ political coverage between 1970 and 1973, lessons and warnings for communication roles in present-day liberal democracies are drawn from two features of this case: (1) intense political and media polarisation, and (2) challenges to and confusion over conventional journalistic norms. The possibilities and difficulties of overcoming the resulting problems are canvassed in the article’s conclusion.
What makes a tweet be retweeted? A Bayesian trigram analysis of tweet propagation during the 2015 Colombian political campaign
Authors: Casarin Roberto , Correa Juan C , Camargo Jorge E , Dakduk Silvana , ter Horst Enrique , Molina German
Published: November 2019

This article proposes the use of computationally efficient inverse regression Bayesian method for analysis of tweet propagation of political messages. Our example focuses on the Colombian case, though our method can be used in any election where social media messaging has a direct impact on political outcomes. We find strong evidence that politicians were able to identify the combination of sensitive words to enhance the probability of retweet of the message, which, in turn, had an impact on political outcomes. The contributions of our work entail: (a) an examination of a neglected unit of analysis (trigram) in a language less studied (i.e. Spanish), (b) based on an innovative Bayesian efficient approach and (c) exploiting the predictive power that retweets have on electoral results as an informational diffusion tool in social media. A practical implication of this new methodology is the possibility to adjust political messages as a means to increase voters engagement in political campaigns.
Effectuation and Morphogenesis in the New Zealand Fairtrade Marketing System
Authors: Renton Michelle , Simmonds Hamish
Published: November 2019

We address the influence of and constraints on actors, networks, structures and institutions within marketing systems. Using case study analysis we contribute to effectuation literature by discussing the loose coupling of Fairtrade ANZ to its market development partners. While creating certainty for producers by maintaining focus on its development aims, Fairtrade ANZ adopts an affordable loss approach to market development, arguably at the cost of communicating to its highly fragmented and contingent market place. Simmonds, Gazley, and Dallenbach’s (2018) morphogenetic cycle framework brings a theoretical and analytical lens to examining the Fairtrade marketing system by delayering the interconnections, interdependencies and interrelations existing within each layer. In untangling the embedded social, historical and institutional contexts within which Fairtrade ANZ exists we offer this paper as an initial exploration of effectuation, change and stability in a complex marketing system.
Social criticism as medical diagnosis? On the role of social pathology and crisis within critical theory
Authors: Verovšek Peter J.
Published: November 2019

The critical theory of the Frankfurt School starts with an explanatory-diagnostic analysis of the social pathologies of the present followed by anticipatory-utopian reflection on possible treatments for these disorders. This approach draws extensively on parallels to medicine. I argue that the ideas of social pathology and crisis that pervade the methodological writings of the Frankfurt School help to explain critical theory’s contention that the object of critique identifies itself when social institutions cease to function smoothly. However, in reflecting on the role that reason and self-awareness play in the second stage of social criticism, I contend that this model is actually better conceptualized through the lens of the psychoanalyst rather than the physician. Although the first generation’s explicit commitment to psychoanalysis has dissipated in recent critical theory, faith in a rationalized ‘talking cure’ leading to greater self-awareness of existing pathologies remains at the core of the Frankfurt School.
Report of NIR sessions at SciX 2019 Conference
Authors: Huck Christian W , Grabska Justyna , Bec Krzysztof B
Published: November 2019

Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopic Societies (FACSS) organised SciX 2019 from 13 to 18 October 2019 in a brand-new venue in the Great American West – Palm Springs, California, USA, with an expanded technical program, new workshops and new networking opportunities.
Cervical screening in Western Kazakhstan: Liquid-based cytology ‘Cell Scan’ versus azur-eosin staining
Authors: Balmagambetova Saule , Gabutti Giovanni , Koyshybaev Arip , Acuti Martellucci Cecilia , Urazayev Olzhas , Sakiyeva Kanshaiym , Bekova Karlygash
Published: November 2019

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of the current cervical cancer screening tools in Western Kazakhstan.

Methods

Smears taken through (i) conventional cytology using azur-eosin staining and (ii) liquid-based cytology (LBC) ‘Cell Scan’ in the general female population and in women first diagnosed with cervical cancer were collected throughout the region. ROC-analysis with curve construction and weighted Cohen's κ calculation were applied. A total of 494 cytological pairs were collected, including 94 sets with histology findings.

Results

The conventional (azur-eosin staining) technique contained 0.2% non-informative material and LBC ‘Cell Scan’ had 5.9%. Area under the curve was 0.95 for the conventional technique and 0.92 for ‘Cell Scan’ ( p > 0.05). The conventional smears showed κ 0.62, sensitivity 90.4% at specificity 90.0% for CIN2+, while LBC ‘Cell Scan’ smears showed κ 0.47, sensitivity 83.3% at specificity 92.5%.

Conclusions

In this analysis it was not possible to prove that the LBC ‘Cell Scan’ technique was superior to its predecessor, azur-eosin staining. These findings highlight the need to modify the current screening programme according to updated international scientific evidence on effective screening design, such as the use of HPV DNA testing with Pap smear triage in women aged 30 or older. Further research, and a Health Technology Assessment, are necessary if we wish to establish a national standardized screening programme using the available technology appropriately.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Earnings in Later-Life Self-Employment
Authors: Patel Pankaj C. , Rietveld Cornelius A. , Verheul Ingrid
Published: November 2019

Recent studies have shown that individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are relatively often engaged in self-employment. We analyze whether self-employment mediates the relationship between ADHD and earnings. To overcome endogeneity concerns in the estimation of this relationship, we use the polygenic risk score (PRS) for ADHD. In our longitudinal sample of 7,905 individuals (50–65 years old) from the Health and Retirement Study, a standard deviation increase in the PRS for ADHD increases the odds of self-employment by 32% and decreases yearly earnings by 5%. Self-employment explains (mediates) 59% of the negative relationship between the PRS for ADHD and earnings.
Developing a Mentorship Practice Through Self-Study
Authors: Linton Antoinette S. , Grant Maria
Published: November 2019

Structured dialogue, grounded in self-study, has been used to improve teaching practice, but its effects on mentor practice have not been assessed. This article reports findings from an analysis of the effect of this approach toward teacher development on novice mentor’s coaching skills. Using a qualitative inductive thematic analysis using transcripts from audio-recorded mentoring rounds, e-mails, and journals, we found that engaging in structured dialogue enhanced the mentor teachers’ ability to ask questions, support novice teacher practice, focus on student learning, and become aware and respond to missed opportunities for coaching and teacher education. These results led us to systematize a holistic approach toward mentorship using mentoring rounds—a form of structured dialogue that explicitly focuses on coaching novice teachers and using self-study to reflect on mentor practice. The strategy used in this study can be utilized for professional development efforts aimed at promoting mentor training.
Vena Cava Filters and In-Hospital Case Fatality Among Patients With Pulmonary Embolism: Results From a Large Population-Based Study
Authors: Pomero Fulvio , Ageno Walter , Dentali Francesco , Fenoglio Luigi , Squizzato Alessandro , Bonzini Matteo
Published: November 2019

In patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE), vena cava filters (VCFs) are currently only recommended when anticoagulant treatment is contraindicated or if VTE has recurred despite adequate anticoagulation. However, evidence on the efficacy of filter in patients with VTE is not compelling. We evaluated potential efficacy of VCF in reducing in-hospital mortality in a large population of patients presenting with a first episode of pulmonary embolism (PE). Patients were collected using regional hospital-discharge databases covering a population of more than 13 million of inhabitants in Northern Italy. For each year of observation, we calculated the proportion of cases with VCF among all PE incident cases. The temporal trend of VCF application during the study period was also derived. The effect of VCF use on in-hospital case-fatality rate was evaluated with a multivariate regression model and with the use of propensity score matching. During the study period (2002-2012), 60 813 patients were hospitalized for a first episode of acute PE. In-hospital case-fatality rate for PE was 13.3%. Vena cava filters were used in 745 (1.22%) patients. The annual use of VCF remained stable from 2002 to 2008, while it progressively decreased afterward. After adjustment for available confounders, case-fatality rate remained significantly lower in patients who received VCF compared to the one registered in patients who did not (odds ratio [OR] 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34-0.62). Propensity score matching gave similar results (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.30-0.61). Vena cava filters were infrequently used in patients with acute PE. Insertion of VCF appeared to sensibly reduce all-cause in-hospital mortality in this subgroup of patients.
Bomb or build? How party ideologies affect the balance of foreign aid and defence spending
Authors: Wenzelburger Georg , Böller Florian
Published: November 2019

This article contributes to a growing literature that questions the traditional ‘politics stops at the water’s edge’ paradigm. Left- and right-wing parties hold diverging ideologies and articulate specific party programmes regarding policy priorities in the realm of foreign and security affairs. The impact of partisan contestations over foreign policy priorities can be traced in defence and foreign aid spending. We understand this ‘bomb-or-build’-balance as two sides of a coin which shapes the international posture of democracies. Our quantitative analysis of 21 OECD countries (1988–2014) reveals that the ideological positions of the parties in government influence the relative importance of military expenditures versus foreign aid. The more the ideological position of a government is tilted towards the military (and against internationalism), the more the ‘bomb-or-build’-balance shifts in favour of military spending (and in disfavour of foreign aid).
Evaluation of AID-COM, a communication-focused program for family carers of people with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease: A pilot study (innovative practice)
Authors: Chesneau Sophie , Faucher Caroline , Morin Gabrielle , Le Dorze Guylaine
Published: November 2019

Families providing care to relatives with Alzheimer’s disease are quickly destabilized by changes that disrupt communication. This pilot mixed-design study aimed to provide a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of a communication-based training program for carers of people with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. Five participants received three training sessions. The use of communication strategies by participants and their effectiveness were evaluated before and after the training, and a focus group was conducted to gather participants’ impressions about the impacts of the training on communication with the person they cared for. The AID-COM (AID for COMmunication) program appears to have met expectations.
Improving pre-turbine selective catalytic reduction systems in marine two-stroke diesel engines using hybrid turbocharging: A numerical study of selective catalytic reduction operation range and system fuel efficiency
Authors: Nielsen Jørgen Bremnes , Yum Kevin Koosup , Pedersen Eilif
Published: November 2019

In this article, a performance evaluation of a novel system solution combining a hybrid turbocharger and a pre-turbine selective catalytic NOx reduction system is carried out. Pre-turbine selective catalytic system are used with marine two-stroke diesel engines to comply with International Maritime Organization Tier III. The system solution focuses on expanding the selective catalytic reduction operation range which is limited by fuel sulphur content by increasing exhaust temperature at low engine loads. The extended operation range is to be achieved while minimizing any fuel consumption penalties. Increasing the operation range brings improvements to emission levels during manoeuvring operations which are often carried out close to populated areas. It also provides flexibility by enabling emission reduction during slow steaming operations in which mitigating fuel consumption penalties is paramount. In addition to system evaluation in still water conditions, furthermore evaluations have been carried out taking into consideration the effect of waves on the system performance. Investigating the effect of operating in waves bring additional insight that is relevant for predicting performance in operational conditions. Analysis of the system solution found that improvements in selective catalytic reduction operation range can be achieved while also improving fuel consumption. Fuel consumption is significantly improved in the high load range. Effect of realistic operation conditions where found to affect performance; however, significant effects are only found for harsh sea states in the load range below the design point.
The Man With the Leaking Bucket: Ethnography, Journalism, and the Quest for the Transformative Self
Authors: Mauro Max
Published: November 2019

This article looks into the status and identity of ethnography by paying attention to the ideas of transformation and becoming, and to the meanings of “reality” in post postmodern times. Based on a personal reflection about the intellectual journey of the author, and his transition from journalism to academic research, it first provides an illustration of the complicated relationship between journalism, and journalistic practices, with social research during the 20th century. It highlights the trailblazing work of German–Jewish intellectual Siegfried Kracauer during the Weimar years, whose eclectic attention to popular culture and social theory has been for a long time overlooked. Following the postmodern turn, reflexivity has taken center stage in ethnographic methods, but this has not diminished the differences within social sciences and humanities in the way the subject, the researcher, is perceived and interpreted. A contested area of debate remains that of representation, and particularly, the realization that nothing meaningfully exists outside the process of representation. However, this point is further complicated by the status of “reality” in the age of the implosion of social life through the conflation of the private and the public brought about by the digital revolution.
Cultural influence on mindful eating: traditions and values as experienced by Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white parents of elementary-school children
Authors: Méndez Rocio , Goto Keiko , Song Chunyan , Giampaoli Joan , Karnik Gauri , Wylie Alyson
Published: November 2019

Objective:

To examine perceptions of mindful eating and mindful food parenting among parents of elementary school children.

Methods:

Four focus groups were conducted with 19 Mexican-American parents and 13 non-Hispanic white parents of children from a northern California elementary school.

Results:

Themes emerging from this research included food traditions during mealtime, perceptions of mindful eating, mindful food parenting and portion control, mindful food parenting practices through gardening, and mindful food parenting with traditional foods. Mexican-American participants identified cooking traditional foods as an important part of their mindful eating and food parenting practices. Mexican-American participants also highlighted the importance of using their senses to appreciate food. Both Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white participants emphasized the importance of involving children in gardening and meal preparation. Mexican-American parents had different perceptions of food portion control than the non-Hispanic white participants.

Conclusions:

The current study indicates the importance of mindfulness in broad food-related practices such as gardening, cooking and preserving food traditions in mindful eating practices. More research is needed to further understand how culture shapes and impacts these food practices among different cultural groups.
Women’s Strategic Defenses Against Same-Sex Aggression: Evidence From Sartorial Behavior
Authors: Krems Jaimie Arona , Rankin Ashley M. , Northover Stefanie B.
Published: November 2019

Women’s intrasexual competition has received significant attention only in the last decades, with even less work investigating women’s defenses against such aggression. Yet, we should expect that women can (a) grasp which perceptually-salient cues evoke same-sex aggression and (b) strategically damp the display of (some of) those cues when aggression risk is greatest, thereby avoiding the potentially high costs of victimization. Women selectively aggress against women displaying cues of sexual permissiveness (e.g., revealing dress) and/or desirability (e.g., physical attractiveness). We find that (a) women (and men) anticipate greater intrasexual aggression toward women dressed revealingly versus modestly, especially if targets are attractive. Employing behavioral and self-report measures, we also find (b) women create outfits baring less skin, select more modest clothing, and intend to dress less revealingly to encounter other women, flexibly damping permissiveness cues depending on individual features (physical attractiveness) and situational features (being a newcomer) that amplify aggression risk.
High factor VIII levels and arterial thrombosis: illustrative case and literature review
Authors: Algahtani Farjah Hassan , Stuckey Ruth
Published: November 2019

Thrombotic disorders are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in developing and developed countries. Several well-known genetic traits underlie predisposition to venous thrombosis. In particular, high factor VIII levels are a risk factor for venous thrombosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, similar insight into the genetic component of arterial thrombosis predisposition has not materialized fully, despite considerable effort. The authors present an illustrative case of a 32-year-old Saudi Arabian patient with peripheral arterial thrombosis whose only identifiable risk factor were high factor VIII levels. We also provide a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge concerning the role of high factor VIII levels in determining the risk of arterial thrombosis or ischemic heart disease (IHD). We conclude that high factor VIII levels are a risk factor for thrombosis, with a greater impact on venous than on arterial thrombosis. However, due to a lack of international consensus on methods for the laboratory testing of factor VIII levels in plasma, we would not currently recommend the measurement of factor VIII levels as part of routine thrombophilia screening.
Latinx Digital Memory: Identity Making in Real Time
Authors: Villa-Nicholas Melissa
Published: November 2019

Recently, there has been an increase in cultural Latinx social media platforms, leading to a renaissance of digital visual cultural memory work around Latinidad. This work focuses on how Latinx digital memory participates in an ongoing identity formation in real time, both in resistance to and collusion with American cultural values. By looking at popular visual Latinx social media accounts, this article explores how Latinx identity is constructed and adapted in real time, through Latinx social media platforms. Three main trends are noted as arising from Latinx social media: nostalgia around Latinx identity, the corporate sponsorship of Latinx memory, and the resistance to hegemonic Latinidad narratives.