bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Effekte von hochintensivem Intervalltraining in Fällen
mit Rekonstruktion des anterioren Kreuzbandes
Authors: Akaras Esedullah , Atalay Güzel Nevin , Kafa Nihan , Yağiz Gökhan , Odluyurt Mustafa , Ataoğlu Muhammet Baybars
Published: December 2023

Ziel Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Auswirkungen eines
sechswöchigen (dreimal pro Woche) hochintensiven Intervalltrainings
(HIIT) im Wingate-Stil auf Kraft, Propriozeption, Flexibilität, Laxheit,
Leistung und Körperzusammensetzung bei Probanden zu untersuchen, die
sich einer Rekonstruktion des vorderen Kreuzbandes (ACL) mit der Methode der
Oberschenkel-Autotransplantation unterzogen haben.

Material und Methoden Im Rahmen der Studie wurden 29 Freiwillige, die sich
vor mindestens sechs Monaten einer autotransplantierten Kreuzbandrekonstruktion
der Oberschenkelmuskulatur unterzogen hatten, randomisiert und in zwei Gruppen,
HİİT (n=15) und Kontrollgruppen (n=14),
aufgeteilt. Nach den ersten Beurteilungen wurde der Wingate-Stil
HİİT sechs Wochen lang an drei Tagen in der Woche auf die
Versuchsgruppe angewendet. Die Kontrollgruppe setzte ihren normalen Lebensstil
und ihre normalen Bewegungsgewohnheiten fort. Nach sechs Wochen erfolgten
abschließende Auswertungen. Nach Erhalt der demografischen Informationen
der Probanden wurde die Körperzusammensetzung mit Tanita gemessen.
Anschließend wurden eine Messung der Knielaxität mit einem
GNRB-Arthrometer, 30°- und 60°-Propriozeption mit einem
isokinetischen Dynamometer sowie Muskelkraftmessungen (Quadrizeps femoris,
Oberschenkelmuskulatur (konzentrisch/exzentrisch) bei
60°/Sek.) und Ausdauermessungen bei 180°/Sek.
durchgeführt. Sitz- und Reichweitentest für Flexibilität
und Leistungsparameter (Einbeinsprung, Vertikalsprung, Beweglichkeit) wurden
gemessen.

Ergebnisse Den Ergebnissen zufolge wurde eine signifikante Abnahme der
Körperzusammensetzung ( p < 0,001), Steigerung der Kraft im
konzentrischen Quadrizeps (p < 0,001) und der hinteren
Oberschenkelmuskulatur (p < 0,001). Eine Verbesserung wurde bei
Leistungstests wie < 0,001), Vertikalsprung (p < 0,001),
Einbein-Sprungtest (p < 0,001), Beweglichkeit (p < 0,001) und
seitlich operierten (30° und 60°) Propriozeptionstests (p
< 0) beobachtet .005). Eine bessere Steigerung der exzentrischen Kraft
(p > 0,005), eine Steigerung der Ausdauerkraft um 180°/s
(p > 0,005) und eine bessere Flexibilität (p > 0,005)
traten jedoch bei den Quadrizeps- und Oberschenkelmuskeln nicht besser auf als
in der Kontrollgruppe.

Schlussfolgerungen Aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse geht man davon aus, dass
HIIT zu aktuellen Physiotherapieprogrammen hinzugefügt werden kann, da
es zu positiven Verbesserungen der Körperzusammensetzung, der
Wiederherstellung der Muskelkraft, der operierten seitlichen Propriozeption und
der Steigerung der Leistungsparameter führt, ohne die
Knielaxität nach einer ACL-Rekonstruktion zu erhöhen.
The effectiveness of child and adolescent sports engagement in China: an analysis of China’s results for the 2016–2022 Global Matrix report cards on physical activity
Authors: Xiang Changqing , Zhao Jie , Tengku Kamalden Tengku Fadilah , Dong Wenting , Luo Hua , Ismail Normala
Published: December 2023

China strives to become a leading sports nation. Through implemented policies and programs, Chinese children and adolescents have shown notable advancements and improvements in their engagement in physical activity in recent years, indicating an overall positive trend. However, some indicators exhibit a concerning “inversion phenomenon”. This study utilizes data from three surveys conducted between 2016 and 2022 by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. By comparing current ratings with those from 2016 and 2018, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, significant obstacles in promoting physical activity and health among Chinese children and adolescents are revealed, with persistently low scores. The 2022 Global Matrix 4.0 report ranks Chinese children and adolescents 53rd out of 57 surveyed countries, with an overall average physical activity score of D. Similarly, the average score for sources of influence ranks at 53rd. Consequently, the establishment of an integrated school, family, and social sports promotion mechanism, led by the government, becomes an imperative prerequisite for enhancing the levels of physical activity and overall health among children and adolescents.
Passive shimming for the 9.4 T whole-body MRI superconducting magnet
Authors: Wang Wenchen , Qu Hongyi , Wang Yaohui , Wang Hui , Cheng Junsheng , Wang Cong , Wu Huafang , Liu Feng
Published: December 2023

A superconducting magnet with a warm-bore size of 800 mm and a center magnetic field of 9.4 T for the whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system was developed in IEECAS, China. To achieve a highly homogeneous magnetic field over the 400 mm diameter of spherical volume (DSV), both active shimming and passive shimming techniques were employed. This paper mainly focuses on the implementation of passive shimming for the 9.4 T MRI magnet system. After four iterations, we were able to achieve peak-to-peak and root mean square field homogeneities over the DSV at 3.05 and 0.94 ppm, respectively. In addition, this paper analyzes the electromagnetic forces and system errors of passive shimming for ultra-high fields, providing valuable insights into MRI magnet engineering.
Characterization of fast magnetosonic waves driven by compact toroid plasma injection along a magnetic field
Authors: Chu F. , Langendorf S. J. , Olson J. , Byvank T. , Endrizzi D. A. , LaJoie A. L. , McCollam K. J. , Forest C. B.
Published: December 2023

Magnetosonic waves are low-frequency, linearly polarized magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves commonly found in space, responsible for many well-known features, such as heating of the solar corona. In this work, we report observations of interesting wave signatures driven by injecting compact toroid (CT) plasmas into a static Helmholtz magnetic field at the Big Red Ball Facility at Wisconsin Plasma Physics Laboratory. By comparing the experimental results with the MHD theory, we identify that these waves are the fast magnetosonic modes propagating perpendicular to the background magnetic field. Additionally, we further investigate how the background field, preapplied poloidal magnetic flux in the CT injector, and the coarse grid placed in the chamber affect the characteristics of the waves. Since this experiment is part of an ongoing effort of creating a target plasma with tangled magnetic fields as a novel fusion fuel for magneto-inertial fusion (MIF), our current results could shed light on future possible paths of forming such a target for MIF.
Self-consistent model and numerical approach for laser-induced non-equilibrium plasma
Authors: Pokharel S. , Tropina A. A.
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a self-consistent multi-dimensional mathematical model and a numerical approach for simulating the low-temperature plasma induced by the femtosecond laser filament. Addressing limitations in current models, we analyze key aspects of the laser plasma behavior, including plasma generation, detailed chemical kinetics, energy exchange channels, total energy balance, and hydrodynamics. The developed model and LOTASFOAM code are applied to study the temporal and spatial decay of the plasma produced by a femtosecond laser pulse in pure nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. The paper also includes a discussion on the spatial and temporal dynamics of electronically excited states of nitrogen in the decaying laser plasma.
Convection instability in phase-change Rayleigh–Bénard convection systems at a finite Stefan number
Authors: Li Min , Jia Pan , Jiao Zhenjun , Zhong Zheng
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we revisit the convection instability in phase-change Rayleigh–Bénard convection systems at a finite Stefan number, where a pure solid substance confined between two horizontal walls is isothermally heated from below in order to induce melting, assuming no heat conduction in the solid phase. By establishing a connection between the heat transfer behaviors in the conduction and convection melting regimes through the jump events in the temporal evolution of the heat flux and the melted liquid fraction, two criteria (the critical average fluid temperature θ¯fc and the critical melted liquid fraction flc) are derived to characterize the convection onset. In contrast to the conventional instability analysis, the derivation in the present work is much more convenient and removes the limitation of a vanishing Stefan number (Ste→0). The two obtained criteria are successfully validated by the data available in the literature, together with the numerical simulations conducted in this paper. The validations revealed that the proposed θ¯fc and flc work well at a finite Ste and that flc is slightly less accurate than θ¯fc, due to the error inherited from the employed scaling law describing the convective heat flux. With the relation between the effective and global parameters, flc is further converted into the commonly used critical effective Rayleigh number by Raec=Raflc3, which is found depending on Ste only, being the same as the criterion of θ¯fc, while its precision is less satisfying due to amplified error from the cubic power operation of flc3.
Global strong solutions to full compressible magnetohydrodynamic system with vacuum in 3D exterior domains
Authors: Chen Yunkun , Peng Yi , Wang Xue
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the full compressible magnetohydrodynamic system in three-dimensional exterior domains. For the initial-boundary-value problem of this system with slip boundary condition for the velocity, adiabatic one for the temperature, and perfect one for the magnetic field, we establish the global existence and uniqueness of strong solutions, under the condition that the initial data are of small energy but possibly large oscillations, where the initial density and temperature are both allowed to vanish. Moreover, the large-time behavior of the strong solutions is also shown.
Complete third-order polynomial expansion-based gas kinetic flux solver for flows from continuum regime to rarefied regime
Authors: Yuan Z. Y. , Yang L. M. , Shu C. , Jiang K. , Chen Z.
Published: December 2023

The Grad's 13 distribution function was derived through a third-order Hermite polynomial expansion in terms of peculiar velocity. Recently, it has been adopted to construct a gas kinetic flux solver called G13-GKFS for simulation of flows from the continuum regime to the rarefied regime. However, this Grad's distribution function only considers the contracted polynomials that strictly satisfy orthogonality. In other words, the third-order terms of CiC12, CiC22, and CiC32 share the same coefficients (γi). However, the results from the discrete velocity method reveal that those coefficients could be different, especially in the rarefied regime. This may affect the accuracy of numerical results in the rarefied region. In order to consider different coefficients of the third-order terms, we propose a complete third-order polynomial expansion to approximate the distribution function in this work. To show the capability of current distribution function, a new GKFS is developed for flows from the continuum regime to the rarefied regime. Some benchmark cases are solved to demonstrate that the new GKFS outperforms the G13-GKFS in the rarefied regime.
Comparison and validation of various drag models for fluidization characteristics of bubble fluidized beds with a high-speed particle image velocimetry experiment
Authors: Han Chen , Wang Hui , Yang Lianhong , Yang Yang
Published: December 2023

Bubbling liquefaction of dense particles is one of the most common forms of industrial fluidization in gas–solid flow systems. Computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method are important tools for studying dense gas–solid flows. In these methods, the momentum transfer between phases relies on a drag model, so a reasonable choice of drag model is crucial for accurately predicting the hydrodynamic behavior of dense gas–solid flows. This paper investigates the effect of different drag models on the flow behavior prediction of dense gas–solid flow for the “Small-Scale Challenge Problem-I” published by the National Energy Technology Laboratory in 2013. The gas–solid fluidization characteristics, such as instantaneous particle flow processes, particle velocity vector distributions, changes in the fluidized bed height, and average gas phase pressure drops, were compared for different drag models. A detailed validation analysis of each dominant drag model was carried out in conjunction with the experimental data. The results show that the drag model significantly affects the numerically predicted results of particles’ hydrodynamic behavior, especially in terms of the bed height variation and the remixing behavior of particles. These research results are expected to improve the predictive accuracy of gas–solid flow hydrodynamic behavior and provide guidance for designing and optimizing fluidized beds, which has theoretical and practical significance.
Analyzing overlap ratio effect on performance of a modified Savonius wind turbine
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Ehsan , Salehi Fatemeh
Published: December 2023

Savonius wind turbines are attractive options due to their simple structure, low noise, appropriate torque, and independence from the wind direction. In this study, a new experimental test is designed to analyze SR3345 and SR5050 blade profiles and to understand their effects on the performance of Savonius wind turbines. The fabricated wind turbine is placed in an open circuit wind tunnel with a velocity of 6 m/s. The power and torque coefficients of the turbine are compared with the two profiles considered based on overlap ratios between 0 and 0.3. Despite its increased stability, the results confirm that the central shaft reduces the power coefficient of the turbine. For blade SR3345, the optimum performance occurs at tip speed ratios of less than one, while for blade SR5050, the reasonable performance occurs at higher tip speed ratios. Blades SR3345 and SR5050 achieve the highest power coefficients at overlap ratios of 0 and 0.18 when a central shaft is present.
In situ surface evolution dynamics of external-electric-field-triggered structural oscillation on Au(111)
Authors: Li Hao , Wei Wei , Gong Zhongmiao , Li Yajuan , Li Yifan , Cui Yi
Published: December 2023

Surface nanostructures serve as an essential role in determining intrinsic physical features and device performance in solid materials. Here, this work systematically investigates the surface dynamical evolution at the nanoscale on Au(111) induced by a “tip-to-surface” external electric field through a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The Au(111) steps exhibit a “compact to fractal” reconstruction under a relatively high electric field, in which the transition is strengthened with increasing the applied electric field. Inversely, a “fractal to compact” morphological transition enables to be self-triggered at Au(111) surface steps upon a normal STM imaging electric field (very low). These two reversible structural changes are attributed to the diffusion-limited aggregation mechanism where the diffusion barriers were quantified as 0.64–0.75 eV varied with the regularity in step edges. In addition, we further simulate a “terrace-edge-kink” model to trace the effect of atomic coordination on structural transition, determining the surface step edge stability. This study presents insight into morphological and structural transformation at surface steps induced by variant external electric fields, establishing a deep understanding in the nature of surface evolution dynamics.
Master regulators of biological systems in higher dimensions
Authors: Eble Holger , Joswig Michael , Lamberti Lisa , Ludington William B.
Published: December 2023

A longstanding goal of biology is to identify the key genes and species that critically impact evolution, ecology, and health. Network analysis has revealed keystone species that regulate ecosystems and master regulators that regulate cellular genetic networks. Yet these studies have focused on pairwise biological interactions, which can be affected by the context of genetic background and other species present, generating higher-order interactions. The important regulators of higher-order interactions are unstudied. To address this, we applied a high-dimensional geometry approach that quantifies epistasis in a fitness landscape to ask how individual genes and species influence the interactions in the rest of the biological network. We then generated and also reanalyzed 5-dimensional datasets (two genetic, two microbiome). We identified key genes (e.g., the
rbs
locus and
pykF
) and species (e.g.,
Lactobacilli
) that control the interactions of many other genes and species. These higher-order master regulators can induce or suppress evolutionary and ecological diversification by controlling the topography of the fitness landscape. Thus, we provide a method and mathematical justification for exploration of biological networks in higher dimensions.
The primacy of temporal dynamics in driving spatial self-organization of soil iron redox patterns
Authors: Dong Xiaoli , Richter Daniel D. , Thompson Aaron , Wang Junna
Published: December 2023

This study investigates mechanisms that generate regularly spaced iron-rich bands in upland soils. These striking features appear in soils worldwide, but beyond a generalized association with changing redox, their genesis is yet to be explained. Upland soils exhibit significant redox fluctuations driven by rainfall, groundwater changes, or irrigation. Pattern formation in such systems provides an opportunity to investigate the temporal aspects of spatial self-organization, which have been heretofore understudied. By comparing multiple alternative mechanisms, we found that regular iron banding in upland soils is explained by coupling two sets of scale-dependent feedbacks, the general principle of Turing morphogenesis. First, clay dispersion and coagulation in iron redox fluctuations amplify soil Fe(III) aggregation and crystal growth to a level that negatively affects root growth. Second, the activation of this negative root response to highly crystalline Fe(III) leads to the formation of rhythmic iron bands. In forming iron bands, environmental variability plays a critical role. It creates alternating anoxic and oxic conditions for required pattern-forming processes to occur in distinctly separated times and determines durations of anoxic and oxic episodes, thereby controlling relative rates of processes accompanying oxidation and reduction reactions. As Turing morphogenesis requires ratios of certain process rates to be within a specific range, environmental variability thus modifies the likelihood that pattern formation will occur. Projected changes of climatic regime could significantly alter many spatially self-organized systems, as well as the ecological functioning associated with the striking patterns they present. This temporal dimension of pattern formation merits close attention in the future.
Antimicrobial resistance level and conjugation permissiveness shape plasmid distribution in clinical enterobacteria
Authors: Alonso-del Valle Aida , Toribio-Celestino Laura , Quirant Anna , Pi Carles Tardio , DelaFuente Javier , Canton Rafael , Rocha Eduardo P. C. , Ubeda Carles , Peña-Miller Rafael , San Millan Alvaro
Published: December 2023

Conjugative plasmids play a key role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes across bacterial pathogens. AMR plasmids are widespread in clinical settings, but their distribution is not random, and certain associations between plasmids and bacterial clones are particularly successful. For example, the globally spread carbapenem resistance plasmid pOXA-48 can use a wide range of enterobacterial species as hosts, but it is usually associated with a small number of specific
Klebsiella pneumoniae
clones. These successful associations represent an important threat for hospitalized patients. However, knowledge remains limited about the factors determining AMR plasmid distribution in clinically relevant bacteria. Here, we combined in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches to analyze pOXA-48-associated AMR levels and conjugation dynamics in a collection of wild-type enterobacterial strains isolated from hospitalized patients. Our results revealed significant variability in these traits across different bacterial hosts, with
Klebsiella
spp. strains showing higher pOXA-48-mediated AMR and conjugation frequencies than
Escherichia coli
strains. Using experimentally determined parameters, we developed a simple mathematical model to interrogate the contribution of AMR levels and conjugation permissiveness to plasmid distribution in bacterial communities. The simulations revealed that a small subset of clones, combining high AMR levels and conjugation permissiveness, play a critical role in stabilizing the plasmid in different polyclonal microbial communities. These results help to explain the preferential association of plasmid pOXA-48 with
K. pneumoniae
clones in clinical settings. More generally, our study reveals that species- and strain-specific variability in plasmid-associated phenotypes shape AMR evolution in clinically relevant bacterial communities.
Event plurality and the verbal suffix ‑(a)bad in Australian Kriol
Authors: Brown Connor , Ponsonnet Maïa
Published: December 2023

The verbal suffix ‑(a)bad is a frequent form in Australian Kriol and is well attested across all
described varieties of the language. Despite the prevalence of this suffix, its precise semantics have so far gone undescribed in
the literature. In this article, we present a semantic analysis of this suffix, drawing on data from a variety of Kriol spoken in
the north-east Kimberley region of Western Australia. We argue that the diverse set of readings associated with
‑(a)bad can be best unified under an analysis of this form as a marker of verbal plurality (i.e.
pluractionality). The suffix derives a set of plural events from a modified verb stem, which then interacts with aspect and
argument structure to produce a wide range of readings, particularly readings of temporal, participant, and spatial plurality.
“We are a territory, a territory of struggles”: Community and Resistance Tourism in a Territorial Museum on the Outskirts of São Paulo
Authors: Cardoso Camila , Peria Pedro Vianna Godihho
Published: December 2023

The case presents an interpretation of the actions of valorization of cultural heritage mobilized by the political-cultural collective Comunidade Cultural Quilombaque. Active in the neighborhood of Perus, in the north-western part of the municipality of São Paulo, since 2005, Quilombaque shows itself to be a pole of agglutination of several artistic and political manifestations and other groups in the territory. From the consolidation of the Territorial Museum Tekoa Jopo’i and the Queixadas Agency, they have elaborated a path of trails that go through the neighborhood’s heritage that is marginalized by public preservation policies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with central agents of the movement, in addition to participant observation on community tourism trails. The symbolic mediation promoted by the Museum educators brings out narratives of struggle eclipsed by the official policies of cultural heritage. The keys of solidarity and sharing operate by allowing a horizontal use of the riches organized by the Territorial Museum. The action of the Quilombaque Cultural Community transits in a fleeting limit between tourism and resistance, its tourism shows not only the resistance of the territory but is also organized with the community in such a way as to resist the tendencies of predatory tourism. On the one hand, the visits amplify voices silenced by hegemonic narratives. On the other hand, the very conception and organization of the trails are done in opposition to other models of tourism and predatory development.

Information

© The Authors 2023
Ground State and Its Topological Properties of Three-Dimensional Spin-Orbit Coupled Degenerate Fermi Gases
Authors: Xiong Long , Gong Ming , Fang Zhao-Xiang , Sun Rui
Published: December 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) degenerate Fermi gases in the presence of spin-orbit coupling, inducing various kinds of physical findings and phenomena, have attracted tremendous attention in these years. We investigate the 3D spin-orbit coupled degenerate Fermi gases in theory and first present the analytic expression of their ground state. Our study provides an innovative perspective into understanding of the topological properties of 3D unconventional superconductors, and describes the topological phase transitions in trivial and topological phase areas. Further, such a system is provided with a richer set of Cooper pairings than traditional superconductors. The dual Cooper pairs with same spin directions emerge and exhibit peculiar behaviors, leading to topological phase transitions. Our study and discussion can be generalized to some other types of unconventional superconductors and areas of optical lattices.
TiO2/SiC supported catalyst for efficient thermocatalytic conversion of SF6 waste gas
Authors: Zeng Fuping , Cai Rijian , Li Chen , Xie Binquan , Deng Baojia , Yao Qiang , Tang Ju
Published: December 2023

The harmless treatment of SF6 waste gas is currently a highly concerned focus in the power industry. This article used a new supported catalyst, TiO2/SiC, to study the thermocatalytic conversion of SF6 waste gas. Firstly, the catalytic activity of TiO2/SiC was tested, and it was found that the catalytic efficiency of TiO2/SiC was 3.73 times that of TiO2 at 700 °C; Subsequently, the optimal catalytic conditions for TiO2/SiC were figured out by experiments, which were conducted under different initial pressures and oxygen concentrations. It was found that the catalytic efficiency of TiO2/SiC was highest when the initial pressure was 0.16 MPa and the concentration rate of SF6 and O2 was 1:4. Under these conditions, the total conversion of SF6 by TiO2/SiC reached 288 ml in 6 h, and the average catalytic conversion efficiency reached 33 ml g−1 h−1. It was also found that when the conversion of SF6 reached 110–130 ml, the catalytic activity of TiO2/SiC decreased; the oxygen concentration has a significant influence on the products: the higher the oxygen concentration is, the higher the production of SO2F2 rate in the product, while the lower that of SO2 rate. Finally, in order to know the catalytic mechanism of TiO2/SiC, XPS tests were conducted on the catalysts before and after the experiment. According to the XPS spectrum, gaseous products would react with TiO2 and generate TiF4 and Ti(SO4)2. According to the test results, the catalytic mechanism of TiO2/SiC was summarized in this article. It explained the catalytic effect of TiO2/SiC from two aspects: promoting the defluorination of SF6 and consuming low-fluorinated sulfides. The empirical conclusions of this article provide a theoretical reference for the harmless treatment of SF6 waste gas.
Effect of atmospheric environment on the stability of secondary electron emission from magnesium oxide and alumina surfaces
Authors: Lian Zhuoxi , Zhu Xiangping , Wang Dan , Meng Xiangchen , He Yongning
Published: December 2023

MgO and Al2O3 are two typical ceramics with high secondary electron yield (SEY) and are widely applied in electron multiplier devices as dynode coating. However, dynodes in multipliers are inevitably exposed to various environments, degenerating their SEY performance. To specify the influence of the atmospheric environment on SEY for MgO and Al2O3 ceramics, we conducted environmental stability experiments on MgO and Al2O3 nanofilms. By exposing the nanofilms fabricated by atomic layer deposition to air for certain durations, it was found that although the MgO film possessed high SEY, its SEY decreased significantly as the storage duration increased, specifically, its SEY peak value (δ
m) decreased from 5.97 to 3.35 after 180 d. Whereas the SEY of the Al2O3 film changed very little with the storage duration extending, its δ
m decreased from 4.01 to 3.70 after 180 d, indicating the Al2O3 film had good SEY environmental stability. To reveal the mechanism of SEY degradation, the modification analysis of surface composition was implemented. It was found that the surface of MgO film underwent degradation besides unavoidable contamination, generating Mg(OH)2 and MgCO3. Whereas, there is no chemical reaction occurred on the Al2O3 surface. Combining the advantages of high SEY of MgO and good environmental stability of Al2O3, several Al2O3/MgO double-layer nanofilms were prepared. The δ
m value of 20 nm MgO nanofilms covered by 1 nm Al2O3, decreased from 4.90 to 4.56, with a reduction of only 6.94% after 180 d. The results showed that the Al2O3 film achieved effective protection of the MgO film. The SEY environmental stability of the double-layer structure was significantly improved, and the effect of thickness on SEY was theoretically interpreted. This work makes significant sense for understanding the influence of the environment on the SEY for MgO and Al2O3, which has potential applications in electron multipliers.
Field-induced Bose–Einstein condensation in zigzag spin chain KGaCu(PO4)2
Authors: Chen R , Hu H J , Qu Z , Li T , Liu C B , Wang C L , Sun S J , Dong C , Qiu Y
Published: December 2023

Single crystals of GaKCu(PO4)2 were synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and subsequent measurements of specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, and high-field magnetization were performed. A broad peak is observed in the magnetic susceptibility and specific heat curves, with the maximum values appearing at about 11.5 K and 5.29 K, respectively. The highest maximum peak value of susceptibility is observed when the magnetic field is applied along the c-axis, followed by the a-axis, b-axis, and polycrystalline samples. These indicate that the system exhibits one-dimensional magnetism and the magnetic easy axis is the c axis. The magnetization at 2 K reveals the occurrence of a field-induced Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) phase within the magnetic field range of approximately 8−12 T. High-field magnetization up to 40 T indicates that the compound reaches magnetization saturation as the field exceeds H
s = 12 T. Through systematic measurements, a field-temperature (H−T) phase diagram was constructed, and dome-like phase boundaries were observed. The findings suggest that GaKCu(PO4)2 is a spin gap system and a promising candidate for studying BEC of magnons due to its phase transition boundary occurring at low magnetic fields.
High temporal resolution of pedestal dynamics via machine learning on density diagnostics
Authors: Ferreira Diogo R , Gillgren Andreas , Ludvig-Osipov Andrei , Strand Pär ,   JET Contributors
Published: December 2023

At the Joint European Torus, the reference diagnostic to measure electron density is Thomson scattering. However, this diagnostic has a low sampling rate, which makes it impractical to study the temporal dynamics of fast processes, such as edge localized modes. In this work, we use machine learning to predict the density profile based on data from another diagnostic, namely reflectometry. By learning to transform reflectometry data into Thomson scattering profiles, the model is able to generate the density profile at a much higher sampling rate than Thomson scattering, and more accurately than reflectometry alone. This enables the study of pedestal dynamics, by analyzing the time evolution of the pedestal height, width, position and gradient. We also discuss the accuracy of the model when applied on experimental campaigns that are different from the one it was trained on.
Effects of hydrogen isotope species on ITG microturbulence in LHD
Authors: Qin Y Q , Chen Y C , Sun G Y , Nicolau J , Lin Z
Published: December 2023

The linear and nonlinear effects of hydrogen isotope species on ion temperature gradient (ITG) instability in the Large Helical Device (LHD) stellarator are studied using radially global gyrokinetic simulation. We found that the coupling range of linear toroidal harmonics depends on the ion mass of the hydrogen isotope. The growth rates of ITG mode are almost the same for H, D, and T plasmas, indicating a gyro-Bohm scaling of ion-mass dependence. The nonlinear electrostatic simulations show that the zonal flow breaks the radially elongated eigenmode structures and reduces the size of the turbulence eddies, which suppresses the turbulence and the ion heat transport in the LHD. The turbulence amplitude without the zonal flow is almost the same for H, D, and T plasmas, while it decreases with increasing ion mass of the hydrogen isotope when the zonal flow is present. The reduction of the turbulent transport with larger ion mass is mostly due to the enhancement of zonal flows by larger ion mass. The ion heat conductivity deviates from the gyro-Bohm scaling for both cases with and without the zonal flow.
Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of porous nickel titanium alloys synthesized in different reactive atmospheres
Authors: Marchenko E S , Shishelova A A , Baigonakova G A , Polyakov N A , Botryakova I G
Published: December 2023

In the existing studies on the self-propagating high temperature synthesis of titanium nickelide, the main attention has been paid to the study of the influence of heating rate, synthesis start temperature, powder particle size, reaction gas pressure on the structure and properties of NiTi intermetallides. However, the influence of the reactive medium on the formation of surface intermetallic oxynitrides and the properties of the NiTi alloys has not been considered. In the present work, porous titanium nickelide alloys have been obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in two different reactive atmospheres, argon and nitrogen. The studies show that NiTi-(N) alloys synthesised in the nitrogen reaction atmosphere contain a large amount of brittle secondary Ti2Ni+Ti4Ni2O(N) phases which, in contrast to NiTi-(Ar), are predominantly distributed as small particles. The intergranular Ti2Ni phases in the NiTi-(Ar) alloy synthesised in the argon reaction atmosphere are observed as regions of extensive accumulation of Ti2Ni phase. The reactive nitrogen environment resulted in dispersion of the Ti2Ni phase and lower compressive strength of the porous NiTi-(N) alloy compared to NiTi-(Ar). However, both alloys have a compressive strength greater than human cancellous bone and can be successfully used for intraosseous implantation. At the same time, the porous alloys obtained in different reaction media are passive to electrochemical corrosion and resistant to dissolution in biological media containing chlorine.
Temporal evolution of a driven optomechanical system in the strong coupling regime
Authors: Medina-Dozal L , Récamier J , Moya-Cessa H M , Soto-Eguibar F , Román-Ancheyta R , Ramos-Prieto I , Urzúa A R
Published: December 2023

We obtain a time-evolution operator for a forced optomechanical quantum system using Lie algebraic methods when the normalized coupling between the electromagnetic field and a mechanical oscillator, G/ω

m
, is not negligible compared to one, i.e., the system operates in the strong-coupling regime. Due to the forcing term, the interaction picture Hamiltonian contains the number operator in the exponents, and in order to deal with it, we approximate these exponentials by their average values taken between initial coherent states. Our approximation is justified when we compare our results with the numerical solution of the number of photons, phonons, Mandel parameter, and the Wigner function, showing an excellent agreement. In contrast to other works, our approach does not use the standard linearized description in the optomechanical interaction. Therefore, highly non-classical (non-Gaussian) states of light emerge during the time evolution.
Probing bounce dynamics via Higher-Order Gauss-Bonnet modifications
Authors: Ilyas M , Khan Fawad , Ahmad Iftikhar , Eman Rubab Syeda
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we focus on the Gauss-Bonnet gravity theory, which includes higher curvature corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action. We investigate the possibility of obtaining a bouncing cosmology in this modified theory of gravity, where the Universe contracts until a minimum scale factor and then expands again. We examines four Higher-Order Gauss-Bonnet Gravity theory models within the FLRW formalism, emphasizing the Universe’s bouncing behavior to resolve Big-Bang cosmology’s singularity problem. We establish cosmological constraints over cosmic time, investigate bounce conditions, reconstruct Higher-Order Gauss-Bonnet Gravity for a hyperbolic expansion law, and extend this reconstruction using the red-shift parameter to derive cosmological parameters signifying accelerated Universe expansion. The stability of these models is subsequently evaluated through an arbitrary speed of sound function for late-time stability assessment. Our results suggest that the Gauss-Bonnet gravity theory can provide a viable mechanism for a non-singular bounce in the early universe.
Role of Mo thickness in growth of nanostructured MoO3 and their optical sensing properties
Authors: B Sharmila , Dwivedi Priyanka
Published: December 2023

The main objective of the present work is to investigate the role Mo thickness in growth of nanostructured MoO3 and their application for optical sensors like photodetectors. The devices were fabricated using standard scalable microfabrication techniques. MoO3 was synthesized by Mo thin film deposition using sputtering followed by dry oxidation at 550 °C. Further, these samples were tested as photodetectors for visible regions. The test results confirm that the devices are more sensitive towards 450 nm. The photodetector made on 80 nm Mo thickness exhibited a higher responsivity of 730 mA W–1, higher detectivity of 2.47 × 1011 Jones, and higher photo to dark current ratio (PDCR) of 1.33 × 102 compared to other tested samples. Moreover, the optimized photodetector showed higher repeatability and a faster speed of 13/11 ms. These developed photodetectors could be vital for the visible light optical sensing era.
Non-thermal WIMP production from higher order moduli decay
Authors: Banik Amitayus , Drees Manuel
Published: December 2023

In a non-standard cosmological scenario heavy, long-lived particles, which we call
moduli, dominate the energy density prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Weakly Interacting Massive
Particles (WIMPs) may be produced non-thermally from moduli decays. The final relic abundance then
depends on additional parameters such as the branching ratio of moduli to WIMPs and the modulus
mass. This is of interest for WIMP candidates, such as a bino-like neutralino, where thermal
production in standard cosmology leads to an overdensity. Previous works have shown that the
correct dark matter (DM) relic density can then still be obtained if the moduli, with mass less
than 107 GeV, decay to WIMPs with a branching ratio of less than 10-4. This
upper bound could easily be violated once higher order corrections, involving final states with
more than two particles, are included. We compute the branching ratios of three- and four-body
decays of a modulus into final states involving two DM particles for general couplings. We then
apply these expressions to sparticle production within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with neutralino DM. We find that this upper bound on the branching ratio can be satisfied
in simplified models through an appropriate choice of as yet undetermined couplings. However, in
the MSSM, it requires sparticle masses to be very close to half the modulus mass, in contrast to
the idea of weak-scale supersymmetry.
Influence of photodynamic action on pure and mixed cultures of gram-negative bacteria: related to growth mechanisms
Authors: de Lima Rebeca V , Soares Jennifer M , Blanco Kate C , Bagnato Vanderlei S
Published: December 2023

Gram-negative bacteria present a significant challenge to conventional treatments due to their structurally complex cell walls, setting them apart from their gram-positive counterparts. These structural distinctions, coupled with various antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, make them highly resilient. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has emerged as a promising technique to address this challenge, capitalizing on oxidative stress induced by the synergy of light and a photosensitizer (PS). In this study, we delved into the application of PDI and its repercussions on both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli bacteria, in both pure cultures and mixed populations. Our investigation encompassed an analysis of changes in growth curves when influenced by photodynamic and the response to the susceptibility to gentamicin. Methods: Various concentrations (50 μM, 100 μM, and 150 μM) of synthetic curcumin solutions served as PS in treatment groups. Additionally, solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were evaluated to enhance PS mobility and absorption. Growth curves for pure and mixed cultures were established, both pre- and post-PDI, and in the presence of 0.1% SDS. Blue light irradiation at 30 J cm−2 and 450 nm was employed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antibiotic was determined with and without PDI + SDS. Results: While PDI did not achieve optimal bacterial reduction for these strains, it did introduce oxidative damage that has the potential to affect other critical aspects of the temporal progression of cultures and their responses to antibiotics. Conclusion: This study shows that even with the minimal impact of PDI in the presence of 0.1% SDS, observable alterations in bacterial growth profiles and MIC values occur and can be used in favor of treatment involving such infections.
Generation Coordination and Planning of New Power System Considering Industry Hydrogen Load
Authors: Shen Yuming , Hu Xudong , Wang Xuli , Zhou Yuanke , Guo Wenzhang , Xia Kai , Yang Shujing
Published: December 2023

Considering the impact of industrial hydrogen load on the consumptive capacity of new energy, it is necessary to research the generation coordination and planning of new power systems considering industry hydrogen load. Firstly, considering the energy consumption in the hydrogen production and storage process, as well as the energy storage for hydrogen addition/use, hydrogen load transfer, and interruptible flexibility, an equivalent electrical load conversion model for multiple forms of hydrogen loads is established. Secondly, considering the impact of industrial hydrogen load on the absorption capacity of new energy, the investment decision-making problem of power supply, hydrogen production, and storage equipment is unified with the operation simulation problem of the system at the planning level, to minimize the annual cost of the system. To reduce the complexity of the model, the proposed model plan to the expansion capacity of various types of power sources from the perspective of power types. Finally, by using actual data from a power grid in a certain province as an example, the results verified the rationality and effectiveness of the model compared with the power grid planning without hydrogen load.
The Research on the Improvement of the Zero-Sequence Relay for the Low Resistance Grounded Power Grid
Authors: Dong Kaida , Jin Zhen , Shi Yong
Published: December 2023

In the low resistance grounded power grid, when a high-impedance grounding fault occurs at a distribution line, the zero-sequence fault current is not big enough to make the zero-sequence over-current relays trip because of the setting limitations, and thus the earth fault would exist for a long time with no alarm signal. As a result, there would be a hidden danger that the grounding fault might cause further faults or cause harm to personal safety. To solve the problem, in the paper, the characteristics of zero-sequence components when the high-impedance grounding fault occurs are analyzed, and the practicability and the deficiency of the directional zero-sequence over-current relay are pointed out. Based on the analysis, an improved zero-sequence relay with the resistance-capacitance ratio restriction is raised. The resistance-capacitance ratio restriction condition is based on the different structures of the resistant part and the capacitive part of zero-sequence currents, and the faulted line can be identified with the resistance-capacitance ratio criterion. The resistance-capacitance ratio criterion is not influenced by the polarity of the voltage transformer (VT) and current transformer (TA) and can avoid the influence caused by the reversed polarity of the exclusive zero-sequence TA. With the improved zero-sequence over-current relay with the resistance-capacitance ratio restriction, the ability to identify high-impedance grounding faults can be improved, and the fault area can be isolated quickly, to guarantee the reliability and safety of the operation in power grids.
Examination and Repair of Technology of Equipment Status Based on SNN in Intelligent Substation
Authors: Yang Guang , Liu Keyue , Yu Hanshen , Li Chunbo , Zeng Ming
Published: December 2023

Aiming at the problems of poor accuracy and low reliability in equipment evaluation and decision results of examination and repair (E&R) for the traditional power system (P-S) state, an E&R technology of intelligent substation (INSU) equipment state based on SNN is proposed. Firstly, based on the operational status of devices and systems in the intelligent substation (INSU), the E&R risks of devices and systems in INSU are evaluated through analysis of device availability. Then, by analyzing traditional CNN and improved SNN networks, a P-S state E&R model for power equipment detection based on SNN is proposed. Finally, a simulation experiment was conducted to compare and analyze the proposed SNN-based INSU device state E&R model with other methods. The results show that the proposed method has a lower system risk in the E&R process and is superior to other comparison methods.
Neuronal axon action circuit based on memristor
Authors: Yang Zheming , Li Lei , Wang Hongyu , Wang Nuo , Chen Yulong
Published: December 2023

Memristors have been increasingly valued by researchers nowadays, and using the unique properties of memristors to build brain-like large-scale integrated circuits has great potential in the development direction of high energy efficiency peak neural networks in the future. Simulating brain function has far-reaching implications for the development of computers. This paper describes a synaptic circuit based on a memristor and amplifier to simulate axonal mounds’ action potential. A Cadence simulator was used to simulate synaptic current flowing out from dendrites in axonal colliculus and the relationship between the membrane voltage and the output voltage with time. This circuit can greatly reduce the mismatch of the circuit and has good matching characteristics. It also reduces the area of the circuit.