bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Report on the Second International Workshop on Narrative Extraction from Texts (Text2Story 2019)
Authors: Jorge Alípio M. , Campos Ricardo , Jatowt Adam , Bhatia Sumit , Pasquali Arian , Cordeiro João Paulo , Rocha Conceição , Mangaravite Vítor
Published: March 2021

The Second International Workshop on Narrative Extraction from Texts (Text2Story'19 [http://text2story19.inesctec.pt/]) was held on the 14th of April 2019, in conjunction with the 41
st
European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR 2019) in Cologne, Germany. The workshop provided a platform for researchers in IR, NLP, and design and visualization to come together and share the recent advances in extraction and formal representation of narratives. The workshop consisted of two invited talks, ten research paper presentations, and a poster and demo session. The proceedings of the workshop are available online at http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2342/
Report on the 8th International Workshop on Bibliometric-Enhanced Information Retrieval (BIR 2019)
Authors: Cabanac Guillaume , Frommholz Ingo , Mayr Philipp
Published: March 2021

The Bibliometric-enhanced Information Retrieval workshop series (BIR) at ECIR tackled issues related to academic search, at the crossroads between Information Retrieval and Bibliometrics. BIR is a hot topic investigated by both academia (e.g., ArnetMiner, CiteSeer

X

, Doc-Ear) and the industry (e.g., Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic Search, Semantic Scholar). This report presents the 8th iteration of the one-day BIR workshop held at ECIR 2019 in Cologne, Germany.
Report on ESSIR 2019
Authors: Agosti Maristella , Ferro Nicola , Pasi Gabriella , Viviani Marco
Published: March 2021

This paper reports on the 12th edition of the
European Summer School in Information Retrieval
(ESSIR 2019), held in Milan, Italy, from 15 to 19 July 2019.
Report on the First HIPstIR Workshop on the Future of Information Retrieval
Authors: Dietz Laura , Mitra Bhaskar , Pickens Jeremy , Anber Hana , Avula Sandeep , Biega Asia , Boteanu Adrian , Chatterjee Shubham , Dalton Jeff , Dietz Laura , Dori-Hacohen Shiri , Foley John , Feild Henry , Gamari Ben , Jones Rosie , Kanani Pallika , Kashyapi Sumanta , Machmouchi Widad , Mitra Bhaskar , Mitsui Matthew , Nole Steve , Passos Alexandre Tachard , Pickens Jeremy , Ramsdell Jordan , Roegiest Adam , Smith David , Sordoni Alessandro
Published: March 2021

The vision of HIPstIR is that early stage information retrieval (IR) researchers get together to develop a future for non-mainstream ideas and research agendas in IR. The first iteration of this vision materialized in the form of a three day workshop in Portsmouth, New Hampshire attended by 24 researchers across academia and industry. Attendees pre-submitted one or more topics that they want to pitch at the meeting. Then over the three days during the workshop, we self-organized into groups and worked on six specific proposals of common interest. In this report, we present an overview of the workshop and brief summaries of the six proposals that resulted from the workshop.
Information retrieval and its sister disciplines
Authors: Yang Grace Hui
Published: March 2021

This article presents a summary graph to show the relationships between Information Retrieval (IR) and other related disciplines. The figure tells the key differences between them and the conditions under which one would transition into another.
Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants
Authors: Wierzbicki Andrzej T. , Blevins Todd , Swiezewski Szymon
Published: March 2021

Plants have an extraordinary diversity of transcription machineries, including five nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Four of these enzymes are dedicated to the production of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are ribonucleic acids with functions independent of their protein-coding potential. lncRNAs display a broad range of lengths and structures, but they are distinct from the small RNA guides of RNA interference (RNAi) pathways. lncRNAs frequently serve as structural, catalytic, or regulatory molecules for gene expression. They can affect all elements of genes, including promoters, untranslated regions, exons, introns, and terminators, controlling gene expression at various levels, including modifying chromatin accessibility, transcription, splicing, and translation. Certain lncRNAs protect genome integrity, while others respond to environmental cues like temperature, drought, nutrients, and pathogens. In this review, we explain the challenge of defining lncRNAs, introduce the machineries responsible for their production, and organize this knowledge by viewing the functions of lncRNAs throughout the structure of a typical plant gene.
Structural Insights Accelerate the Discovery of Opioid Alternatives
Authors: Che Tao , Roth Bryan L.
Published: March 2021

Opioids such as morphine and oxycodone are analgesics frequently prescribed for the treatment of moderate or severe pain. Unfortunately, these medications are associated with exceptionally high abuse potentials and often cause fatal side effects, mainly through the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). Efforts to discover novel, safer, and more efficacious analgesics targeting MOR have encountered challenges. In this review, we summarize alternative strategies and targets that could be used to develop safer nonopioid analgesics. A molecular understanding of G protein–coupled receptor activation and signaling has illuminated not only the complexities of receptor pharmacology but also the potential for pathway-selective agonists and allosteric modulators as safer medications. The availability of structures of pain-related receptors, in combination with high-throughput computational tools, has accelerated the discovery of multitarget ligands with promising pharmacological profiles. Emerging clinical evidence also supports the notion that drugs targeting peripheral opioid receptors have potential as improved analgesic agents.
Therapeutic Agent Delivery Across the Blood–Brain Barrier Using Focused Ultrasound
Authors: McMahon Dallan , O'Reilly Meaghan A. , Hynynen Kullervo
Published: March 2021

Specialized features of vasculature in the central nervous system greatly limit therapeutic treatment options for many neuropathologies. Focused ultrasound, in combination with circulating microbubbles, can be used to transiently and noninvasively increase cerebrovascular permeability with a high level of spatial precision. For minutes to hours following sonication, drugs can be administered systemically to extravasate in the targeted brain regions and exert a therapeutic effect, after which permeability returns to baseline levels. With the wide range of therapeutic agents that can be delivered using this approach and the growing clinical need, focused ultrasound and microbubble (FUS+MB) exposure in the brain has entered human testing to assess safety. This review outlines the use of FUS+MB-mediated cerebrovascular permeability enhancement as a drug delivery technique, details several technical and biological considerations of this approach, summarizes results from the clinical trials conducted to date, and discusses the future direction of the field.
Atmospheric CO2 over the Past 66 Million Years from Marine Archives
Authors: Rae James W.B. , Zhang Yi Ge , Liu Xiaoqing , Foster Gavin L. , Stoll Heather M. , Whiteford Ross D.M.
Published: March 2021

Throughout Earth's history, CO2 is thought to have exerted a fundamental control on environmental change. Here we review and revise CO2 reconstructions from boron isotopes in carbonates and carbon isotopes in organic matter over the Cenozoic—the past 66 million years. We find close coupling between CO2 and climate throughout the Cenozoic, with peak CO2 levels of ∼1,500 ppm in the Eocene greenhouse, decreasing to ∼500 ppm in the Miocene, and falling further into the ice age world of the Plio–Pleistocene. Around two-thirds of Cenozoic CO2 drawdown is explained by an increase in the ratio of ocean alkalinity to dissolved inorganic carbon, likely linked to a change in the balance of weathering to outgassing, with the remaining one-third due to changing ocean temperature and major ion composition. Earth system climate sensitivity is explored and may vary between different time intervals. The Cenozoic CO2 record highlights the truly geological scale of anthropogenic CO2 change: Current CO2 levels were last seen around 3 million years ago, and major cuts in emissions are required to prevent a return to the CO2 levels of the Miocene or Eocene in the coming century.

▪  CO2 reconstructions over the past 66 Myr from boron isotopes and alkenones are reviewed and re-evaluated. ▪  CO2 estimates from the different proxies show close agreement, yielding a consistent picture of the evolution of the ocean-atmosphere CO2 system over the Cenozoic. ▪  CO2 and climate are coupled throughout the past 66 Myr, providing broad constraints on Earth system climate sensitivity. ▪  Twenty-first-century carbon emissions have the potential to return CO2 to levels not seen since the much warmer climates of Earth's distant past.
Management of Anaesthesia for a High-Risk Aerosol-Generating Procedure in a Paediatric Patient with COVID-19
Authors: Giwangkancana Gezy , Oktaliansyah Ezra , Hardianti Saputri R. Ayu
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Paediatric patients represent a small portion of the COVID-19 disease population. Nevertheless, the possibility of a paediatric patient requiring surgery, especially high-risk aerosol-generating surgery on the airway, while having the SARS-CoV-2 infection may potentially result in problems during the perioperative period due to concerns regarding patient, family, and staff safety. When unplanned and unrehearsed, this scenario may cause delays and efficiency issues. Our aim is to report on an 8-year-old patient with a foreign object lodged in the oesophagus with COVID-19 that required emergency surgery. Case Report. An 8-year-old female patient came to the emergency room with a history of difficulty in swallowing for 12 hours before admission, having accidentally swallowed a metal coin while playing. She did not have any recent history of disease, but her parents had noticed that, for the previous 4 days, she had had a mild fever and dry cough. Her parents and other relatives in the house had no similar complaints, and they assured us they had not been in contact with any suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. Our goal was to create a safe paediatric anaesthesia environment with safe working conditions for the surgical team. In this case report, we will describe our approach to patient transport, parental presence, preventions of aerosol risk, personal protection, the anaesthesia induction technique, and postoperative management. Conclusion. Safe paediatric anaesthesia, especially in a high-risk aerosol-generating procedure, during the COVID-19 era requires consideration and preparation of both the patient and healthcare provider. Multidisciplinary team work with an emphasis on a systematic and planned approach is required to improve efficiency.
Concomitant Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Patients with Meniere’s Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Low Wong Kein , Lim Esther Jiayi
Published: March 2021

Meniere’s disease (MD) is a condition characterised by fluctuating and progressive hearing loss, aural fullness, tinnitus, and intermittent attacks of vertigo. The disabling vertigo symptoms can be controlled in most patients by lifestyle changes and medications such as diuretics. Should standard medical therapy fail, the patient may require surgery in order to control the disease, but such surgical procedures can be functionally destructive. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is common, especially in people who are grossly overweight. Up to 15% of patients with MD may have concomitant OSA. Unless the OSA is well controlled, such patients may continue to experience MD symptoms despite receiving adequate standard medical therapy for MD. Moreover, MD patients may experience insomnia as a result of vertigo and/or tinnitus where sedatives are indicated. The use of sedatives with muscle relaxant properties may inadvertently further aggravate OSA resulting in a vicious cycle of symptoms. Symptoms suggestive of concomitant OSA must be proactively sought as these patients do not necessarily exhibit the obvious phenotypic features of OSA. This is especially so in Asians where OSAS is commonly observed in people who are not overly obese. We report a case of a female patient who presented with recalcitrant MD disease and was later found to have concomitant OSA. The relevant literature will be reviewed, and learning points will be discussed from the perspective of the otologist/neurotologist. The clinician must always be mindful of the existence of concomitant “silent” OSAS as this impacts the management of patients with MD.
Nonlinear Simulation and Vulnerability Analysis of Masonry Structures Impacted by Flash Floods
Authors: Fang Qi , Liu Shuguang , Zhong Guihui , Zhang Hong , Liang Jiyu , Zhen Yiwei
Published: March 2021

The vulnerability of buildings impacted by flash floods is often assessed by empirical approaches. However, the damage‐developing mechanisms of buildings remain unclear. This study presented a nonlinear numerical analysis for the interaction between flash floods and masonry structures. A new Structured ALE (S‐ALE) solver in an explicit finite element platform LS‐DYNA was applied. Thirty different scenarios, including two different FE models, three different water depths, and five different flow velocities, were studied. Nonlinear structural responses and failure mechanisms of masonry structures were analyzed and compared. Results showed that due to the consideration of wall damage, the time evolution of the impact force on the entire building was distributed in a multipeak pattern. Under the impact of flash floods, the building was in a complex bending‐shear state, and the overturning moment was the principal reason for the building damage. The critical role played by the structural measure was reaffirmed. Moreover, the physical vulnerability was quantified through a macroscopic damage index, the lateral drift ratio of the ground floor. It can be concluded that the physical vulnerability depends on both the local structural strength (local view) and the structural resistance hierarchies (global view).
Changes in Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Thickening following the Extraction of Teeth with Advanced Periodontal Disease: A Retrospective Study Using Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Cao Zheng , Yuan Jie
Published: March 2021

Objectives. To explore the alterations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening after extracting teeth with severe periodontal disease using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. 30 patients with severe periodontal disease of maxillary posterior teeth that needed to be extracted and who were radiographically diagnosed with mucosal thickening (MT) in the maxillary sinus participated in the study. CBCT scans were taken before tooth extraction and 2‐29 months after tooth extraction. The postextraction follow‐up time was divided into two groups: group 1 (<4 months) and group 2 (≥4 months). Dimensions of maxillary sinus MT, including the MT zone length (SL) and the maximum thickness of the MT zone (ST), were evaluated preextraction and postextraction; the residual ridge height (RRH) was evaluated at the sites of extracted and nonextracted teeth. Result. Of the 24 patients with unilateral tooth extraction, there was a statistically significant difference in MT between the extraction and nonextraction sides (p < 0.05). The RRH at the site of the extracted teeth was significantly lower than that of the nonextracted teeth (p < 0.05). MT decreased significantly after tooth extraction on the extraction side but not on the nonextraction side. There was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2 regarding the reduction in mucosal thickness over time. Conclusions. Severe periodontitis can cause MT in the maxillary sinus. The RRH was lower at the sites of extracted teeth. MT reduced quickly by a thorough debridement after tooth extraction in 4 months. MT will not decrease further over time.
GPS Trajectory-Based Spatio-Temporal Variations of Traffic Accessibility under Public Health Emergency Consideration
Authors: Dong Luqi , Lv Ying , Sun Huijun , Zhi Danyue , Chen Tingting
Published: March 2021

Medical services are essential to public concerns and living qualities. Facing new public health events, the spatio-temporal variation of healthcare accessibility can be different, which is ignored in the previous accessibility studies. In this paper, we study the spatio-temporal variation of healthcare accessibility and residents’ accessibility to the designated hospitals under public health emergencies such as COVID-19. Metropolitan Beijing is chosen as the study area. Then, we analyze the spatial disparity and the temporal variation and measure the matching degree between healthcare accessibility and population density. From the perspective of epidemic prevention, we evaluate the medical capacity of the designated hospitals. The autocorrelation method is used to analyze the spatial correlation of residents’ accessibility to designated hospitals in the study area. A conclusion can be drawn that 74.14% grids in the study area have proportionate population density and healthcare accessibility. We find that the 5th Medical Center has sufficient medical resources, and Puren hospital is less affected by time. Moreover, the result of residents’ accessibility to the designated hospitals presents a pattern of high-value aggregation in the arterial road neighborhood. At the same time, the peripheral areas show a trend of low-value aggregation. The research in healthcare accessibility can provide a reference for policymakers in medical service development and public emergency management.
TRIM29 Reverses Oxaliplatin Resistance of P53 Mutant Colon Cancer Cell
Authors: Lei Guoqiong , Liu Sushun , Yang Xin , He Chao
Published: March 2021

Background. Oxaliplatin is the first-choice chemotherapy method for patients with advanced colon cancer. However, its resistance leads to treatment failure for many patients. In our experiments, we aim to elucidate the associations among TRIM29 protein, mutant P53, and the resistance of colon cancer cells to oxaliplatin. Methods. HCT116 and HT-29 cells were cultured and transfected with plasmids pIRES2-ZsGreen1-TRIM29-flag. Western blot and real-time qRT-PCR were utilized to examine the protein and mRNA expressions of TRIM29 and other related markers, respectively. MTT assay was utilized to determine the cell growth rate and generate the inhibition curve. Continuous culture in low-concentration oxaliplatin was conducted to construct oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines. The coimmunoprecipitation method and immunofluorescence detection were used to examine the interaction between TRIM29 and mutant P53 protein in HT29 cells. Results. We successfully transfected pIRES2-ZsGreen1-TRIM29-flag into HCT116 and HT29 cells, which were utilized in the whole experiments. TRIM29 significantly increased the sensitivity of P53 mutant colon cancer cell HT29 to oxaliplatin. The oxaliplatin-resistant model of P53 mutant colon cancer cell HT29 was successfully constructed. TRIM29 physically bound with mutant P53 and retained it in the cytoplasm from the nucleus, which inhibited its transcription function of downstream genes such as MDR1. In addition, TRIM29 successfully reversed the resistance of HT29-OX resistant cell model to oxaliplatin. Conclusion. In mutant P53 colon cancer cell HT29, TRIM29 greatly increased the sensitivity of HT29 to oxaliplatin and reverse oxaliplatin resistance. The underlying mechanism is TRIM29 may increase the sensitivity of HT29 to oxaliplatin by blocking the transcriptional function of mutant P53, which inhibits the transcription function of its downstream gene such as MDR1.
Comparison of Radical Surgery and Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Early-Stage Cervical Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Huixiang , Ni Chengxiang , Xiao Wei , Yang Tonglei , Sun Wei
Published: March 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of radical surgery with radiotherapy in patients with early-stage cervical carcinoma. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically reviewed, and studies comparing radical surgery with radiotherapy were included. The main efficacy outcomes included overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Safety endpoints were adverse events. Hazard ratios (HR) or risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI were used to pool the estimates. Results: A total of 6 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Radical surgery was associated with comparable survival effects in OS (HR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.46–1.17; p = 0.196) and DFS (HR = 0.84; 95% CI 0.64–1.10; p = 0.207) as compared with radiotherapy. Moreover, positive lymphangiography (HR = 3.67; 95% CI 2.86–4.70; p < 0.001), adeno-carcinomatous histotype (HR = 2.53; 95% CI 1.80–3.56; p < 0.001), adenosquamous histotype (HR = 1.55; 95% CI 1.27–1.89; p < 0.001), tumor size ≥4 cm (HR = 1.60; 95% CI 1.14–2.23; p < 0.001), stage IB2 (HR = 1.71; 95% CI 1.43–2.04; p < 0.001), and stage IIA (HR = 1.85; 95% CI 1.54–2.22; p < 0.001) were all independent predictors of decreased survival. Patients treated with radical surgery had a rate of adverse events similar to that of those treated with radiotherapy (RR = 1.23; 95% CI 0.61–2.48; p = 0.557). Conclusion: The present study suggested that radical surgery and radiotherapy offered similarly effective treatment in terms of OS and DFS in early-stage cervical carcinoma. Moreover, the complication rate between the 2 treatments was not significantly different. Considering the potential limitations of this study, more large-scale well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to verify our findings.
Giant Benign Mammary Phyllodes Tumor: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Fernández-Ferreira Ricardo , Arroyave-Ramírez Andrés , Motola-Kuba Daniel , Alvarado-Luna Gabriela , Mackinney-Novelo Ileana , Segura-Rivera Román
Published: March 2021

Phyllodes tumor of the breast is an infrequently encountered fibroepithelial neoplasm, which accounts for 0.3–1% of all tumors. Few case reports have described the occurrence of giant phyllodes tumor. To our knowledge, about 20% of phyllodes tumors would be considered giant benign. Complete surgical excision is the standard of care for giant benign phyllodes tumors; axillary lymph node metastasis is rare, and dissection should be limited to patients with pathologic evidence of tumor in the lymph nodes. We report the case of a 40-year-old Mexican woman with giant mammary tumor who underwent a right total mastectomy. The pathology results showed a benign phyllodes tumor 4,857 g in weight and 40.2 × 36.3 × 15 cm in size. We do not suggest adjuvant radiation therapy for patients with benign phyllodes tumors that are widely excised. A review of the pertinent literature was performed.
Necrostatin-1 Analog DIMO Exerts Cardioprotective Effect against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Necroptosis via Autophagic Pathway in Rats
Authors: Qiao Shigang , Zhao Wen-jie , Li Huan-qiu , Ao Gui-zhen , An Jian-zhong , Wang Chen , Zhang Hui-ling
Published: March 2021

Aim: It has been reported that necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) is a specific necroptosis inhibitor that could attenuate programmed cell death induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aimed to observe the effect and mechanism of novel Nec-1 analog (Z)-5-(3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-imine-1-methylimidazolin-4-1 (DIMO) on myocardial I/R injury. Methods: Male SD rats underwent I/R injury with or without different doses of DIMO (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg) treatment. Isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment with or without DIMO (0.1, 1, 10, or 100 μM). Myocardial infarction was measured by TTC staining. Cardiomyocyte injury was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase assay (LDH) and flow cytometry. Receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1K) and autophagic markers were detected by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis. Molecular docking of DIMO into the ATP binding site of RIP1K was performed using GLIDE. Results: DIMO at doses of 1 or 2 mg/kg improved myocardial infarct size. However, the DIMO 4 mg/kg dose was ineffective. DIMO at the dose of 0.1 μM decreased LDH leakage and the ratio of PI-positive cells followed by OGD/R treatment. I/R or OGD/R increased RIP1K expression and in its interaction with RIP3K, as well as impaired myocardial autophagic flux evidenced by an increase in LC3-II/I ratio, upregulated P62 and Beclin-1, and activated cathepsin B and L. In contrast, DIMO treatment reduced myocardial cell death and reversed the above mentioned changes in RIP1K and autophagic flux caused by I/R and OGD/R. DIMO binds to RIP1K and inhibits RIP1K expression in a homology modeling and ligand docking. Conclusion: DIMO exerts cardioprotection against I/R- or OGD/R-induced injury, and its mechanisms may be associated with the reduction in RIP1K activation and restoration impaired autophagic flux.
A Case of Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumor and Literature Review
Authors: Wong Pak Chiu , She Wong Hoi , Khoo Ui Soon , Cheung Tan To
Published: March 2021

We report an unusual presentation of primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor which was initially misdiagnosed as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The diagnosis was only revealed after a major liver resection by histopathology. With adjuvant lanreotide injection, the patient survived for more than 16 months after the operation without tumor recurrence. Diagnosis of this rare tumor has been a major challenge and we emphasize the importance of a preoperative diagnosis. Surgical resection remains the mainstay for curative treatment, while peptide receptor radionuclide therapy is an emerging treatment option which has provided promising results.
Myoepithelial Carcinoma Arising in a Plasmacytoid Myoepithelioma of the Parotid Gland Synchronized with Melanoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Soberanis-Piña Pamela Denisse , Fernández-Ferreira Ricardo , Buerba-Vieregge Héctor Hugo , Varela-Santoyo Edgar , Rodriguez-Cid Jerónimo Rafael , Macari-Jorge Andres , Dorantes-Heredia Rita
Published: March 2021

Myoepithelial carcinoma, also known as malignant myoepithelioma, is considered an extremely rare (0.45–1%) malignant salivary gland neoplasm. Approximately 100 cases have been reported in the English-language literature on myoepithelial carcinoma. The majority of the myoepitheliomas described in the literature have been benign, and the malignant counterpart is considered rare (<1%). Such a tumor may appear de novo or rarely develop from a preexisting pleomorphic adenoma (<20%), and in exceedingly rare cases (<0.5%), it has arisen from a benign myoepithelioma (i.e., plasmacytoid myoepithelioma). To our knowledge, no case of myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland arising in a plasmacytoid myoepithelioma synchronized with melanoma has been reported to date. The treatment of myoepithelial carcinoma has been mainly surgical, including wide excision with free margins, with or without nodal dissection. The roles of chemotherapy and radiotherapy have not yet been established. We report a case of myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland arising in a plasmacytoid myoepithelioma synchronized with melanoma in a 40-year-old woman. In our case, a complete response was achieved with surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy based on carboplatin and paclitaxel concurrent with radiotherapy.
Potential Role of Trace Elements (Al, Cu, Zn, and Se) in Multiple Sclerosis Physiopathology
Authors: Hesamian Mohammad Sadegh , Eskandari Nahid
Published: March 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable disease of the central nervous system. The cause of MS is not known completely, and pathology is specified by involved demyelinated areas in the white and gray matter of the brain and spinal cord. Inflammation and peripheral tolerance breakdown due to Treg cell defects and/or effector cell resistance are present at all stages of the disease. Several invading peripheral immune cells are included in the process of the disease such as macrophages, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, and plasma cells. Trace elements are known as elements found in soil, plants, and living organisms in small quantities. Some of them (e.g., Al, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Se) are essential for the body’s functions like catalysts in enzyme systems, energy metabolism, etc. Al toxicity and Cu, Zn, and Se toxicity and deficiency can affect the immune system and following neuron inflammation and degeneration. These processes may result in MS pathology. Of course, factors such as lifestyle, environment, and industrialization can affect levels of trace elements in the human body.
Exploring Telomere Dynamics in Aging Male Rat Tissues: Can Tissue-Specific Differences Contribute to Age-Associated Pathologies?
Authors: Tarry-Adkins Jane L. , Aiken Catherine E. , Dearden Laura , Fernandez-Twinn Denise S. , Ozanne Susan
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Due to increasing lifespan, global aging rates are rising rapidly and age-associated diseases are increasing. To ensure that health span is concomitant with life span, a greater understanding of cellular mechanisms of aging is important. Methods: Telomere length analysis from a wide range of tissues from weaning, young adult, and middle-aged (3, 12 and 52 week) male Wistar rats were conducted using Southern blotting. Telomere lengths were compared between tissues and ages using regression models based on the ratios of longest-to-shortest telomere fragments. Results: Robust linear age-dependent telomere attrition was observed in the liver; 3 versus 12 weeks, 3 versus 52 weeks (p < 0.01), 12 versus 52 weeks (p < 0.05) and the heart; 3 versus 12 weeks (p < 0.05) and 3 versus 52 weeks (p < 0.001). More subtle shortening was observed in aorta and epididymal fat; 3 and 12 versus 52 weeks (p < 0.001) and in skeletal muscle; 3 versus 52 weeks (p < 0.05), 12 versus 52 weeks (p < 0.01). Young thymus telomeres increased in length (3 vs. 12 weeks) and then shortened between 12 and 52 weeks (p < 0.001). We also reported disparity in telomere shortening within tissues: telomeres in aging brain cortex significantly shortened; 3 versus 52 weeks (p < 0.05), 12 versus 52 weeks (p < 0.01). This was not seen in the hypothalamic region. A robust stepwise shortening was observed in the renal cortex; 3 versus 12 weeks, 12 versus 52 weeks (p < 0.05), and 3 versus 52 weeks (p < 0.001), which was not as apparent in the renal medulla; 3 versus 12 weeks (p < 0.01) and 3 versus 52 weeks (p < 0.01). The vastus lateralis skeletal muscle demonstrated the shortest telomere length at weaning and underwent robust age-associated attrition; 3 versus 52 weeks (p < 0.05), 12 versus 52 weeks (p < 0.01). We demonstrated that specific tissues exhibit unique telomere attrition profiles which may partially explain why certain diseases are more prevalent in aged individuals. Discussion/Conclusion: We show wide variations between tissues in vulnerability to the aging process. In the future, this may help target potential interventions to improve health span.
Movement and Emotional Facial Expressions during the Adult Attachment Interview: Interaction Effects of Attachment and Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Altmann Uwe , Friemann Catharina , Frank Theresa S. , Sittler Mareike C. , Schoenherr Désirée , Singh Sashi , Schurig Susan , Strauss Bernhard , Petrowski Katja
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Adult attachment is commonly associated with emotion regulation. Less is known about the nonverbal embodiment of adult attachment. Objective: We hypothesized that dismissing attachment is related to less movement and fewer facial expressions of emotions, whereas preoccupied attachment is associated with more negative emotional facial expressions. Moreover, the interaction of attachment and the presence of an anxiety disorder (AD) was explored. Methods: The sample included 95 individuals, 21 with AD without comorbidity, 21 with AD and comorbid major depression (AD-CD), and 53 healthy controls. We analyzed nonverbal behavior during a part of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) asking about the family and parental figures. The movements of the interviewees were captured via Motion Energy Analysis. Facial expressions were coded according to the Facial Action Coding System using the OpenFace software. We compared individuals with secure, dismissing, and preoccupied states of mind (assessed with the AAI) with regard to the frequency and complexity of movements and the frequency of the facial expressions such as happy, sad, and contemptuous. Results: As expected, dismissingly attached individuals moved less often and with lower complexity than securely attached. For emotional facial expressions, a main effect of the disorder group and interaction effects of attachment by disorder were found. In the AD-CD group, dismissingly attached patients showed comparatively fewer happy facial expressions than securely attached individuals. Conclusions: Reduced movement specifically seems to be related to dismissing attachment when interviewees talk about significant parental figures. Facial expressions of emotions related to attachment occurred when maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were intensified by a psychological disorder.
Utility of Bronchoscopy with Bronchoalveolar Lavage among Hematologic Transplant Recipients in the Era of Noninvasive Testing
Authors: Feinstein Marc B. , Habtes Imnett , Giralt Sergio , Stover Diane E.
Published: March 2021

Background: Pulmonary complications are common among hematologic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Their evaluation can be pursued through bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and a variety of available noninvasive studies, which include newer molecular markers for detecting a variety of infectious agents. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic yield of BAL among HSCT patients relative to the yield of noninvasive testing. Method: This is a retrospective analysis of HSCT recipients who underwent both BAL and noninvasive testing at a cancer center in 2013 and 2014. Results: There were 210 diagnostic results among 98 HSCT recipients. There were 84 unique findings on noninvasive testing that were not evident on BAL, and 36 unique findings on BAL that were not evident on noninvasive testing. Noninvasive testing tended to yield bacterial and viral infections more commonly, while BAL yielded mycobacterial isolates more commonly. Conclusion: While both noninvasive testing and BAL are helpful in this population, each appeared more precise than the other with individual lung diseases. Bronchoscopy with BAL and noninvasive testing should be considered complementary strategies in the workup of pulmonary complications among HSCT patients.
Surprising Hyperkalemia of 10.2 mmol/L in a Patient with Hyperglycemia: A Case Report
Authors: Czogalla Jan , Tariparast Pischtaz Adel , Huber Tobias B. , Janneck Matthias , Grahammer Florian
Published: March 2021

Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening condition potentially leading to cardiac arrest. Here, we report a case of surprising severe hyperkalemia of 10.2 mmol/L in a diabetic patient with previously normal kidney function presenting without discernible clinical symptoms to our emergency department. The patient was admitted because of hyperglycemia of 32.8 mmol/L, which was detected during daily testing in her nursing home. The hyperkalemia was caused by prerenal failure due to hyperglycemic polyuria which led to volume depletion, and worsened by a combination of potassium-sparing drugs and potassium supplementation. The patient was treated conservatively. Eighteen hours later, the serum potassium concentration was 4.6 mmol/L. The patient could be released 6 days later. To our knowledge, this is the highest described hyperkalemia treated conservatively and survived without cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Sequential Bone Scintigraphy and the Evolution of Warfarin-Mediated Calcific Uremic Arteriolopathy
Authors: Santos Peter W. , Wetmore James B.
Published: March 2021

Calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA), also known as calciphylaxis, is a complex syndrome of deranged mineral metabolism and vascular calcification leading to tissue ischemia that primarily occurs in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). We report a case illustrating a temporal relationship between long-term warfarin anticoagulation and development of CUA in a patient with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) who progressed to ESRD. Serial 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy documented the evolution of metastatic CUA over a 5-month period following HD initiation. Given the temporality demonstrated here via imaging, we speculate that warfarin’s influence on vitamin K-dependent matrix Gla protein function coupled with risk factors associated with ESRD led to the development of metastatic CUA.
Influence of Medical Compression Stockings on Skin Hydration in Mainly Health Care Givers with Occupational Leg Symptoms and Edema
Authors: Mayer-Yousif Marina , Konschake Wolfgang , Haase Hermann , Jünger Michael , Riebe Helene
Published: March 2021

Background and Objective: Although compression therapy is a very effective therapy in reducing stasis-induced complaints, the wearing comfort is not always as requested. Most frequent problems are dryness of the skin and itching. This randomized, cross-over trial investigated 33 healthy participants and compared 2 different medical compression stockings: conventional stockings (type A = MCS) versus compression stockings with integrated care emulsion (type B = MCS-SkC). Methods: Participants were divided into 2 cohorts. Both compression types were worn one after the other, 1 week each. The cohorts were named according to the sequence of the wearing periods (cohort AB/BA). Primary outcome: skin hydration. Secondary outcomes: transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin roughness, leg volume, interface pressure, and questionnaires about stasis-induced complaints and wearing comfort. Results: Skin hydration: significant reduction after wearing MCS in both cohorts (p < 0.001); preservation of skin moisture after wearing MCS-SkC (p = 0.546 and p = 0.1631). TEWL: significant increase after wearing MCS (p = 0.007 and p = 0.0031); significant reduction by wearing MCS-SkC (p = 0.006 and p = 0.0005). Skin roughness: significant increase after wearing MCS (p = 0.0015 and p = 0.010), and nonsignificant decrease of skin roughness after wearing MCS-SkC (p = 0.933 and p = 0.4570). Leg volume: significantly reduced with both stockings (p = 0.004 and p = 0.0047). Regarding stasis-induced complaints, both stockings achieved good results. Conclusions: Both compression stockings are appropriate to reduce leg edema and minimize leg symptoms. MCS-SkC helps to obtain the natural skin barrier function in preserving the epidermal water content and reducing the TEWL.
Training Psychiatry Residents in Descriptive Psychopathology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Etxeandia-Pradera Jon-Inaki , Martinez-Uribe Daniel , Bellver-Pradas Francisco , Gonzalez-Piqueras Jose-Carlos , Nacher Juan , Aguilar Eduardo-Jesus
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Descriptive psychopathology (DP, sometimes called psychopathology or phenomenology) is the language of psychiatry and is dedicated to the description of mental symptoms. Due to its importance, there is an ongoing case to put it back at the heart of psychiatry and its training. This study seeks to examine the literature on how to train psychiatry residents in DP, including reported educational interventions and educational methods. Method: The authors conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA and BEME guidelines to identify literature on how to train psychiatry residents in DP. In May 2019, they searched in Embase, ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science; of 7,199 initial results, 26 sources were finally included for analysis. The assessment tools were the CRAAP test, Kirkpatrick’s 4 levels, and (when applicable) the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI). Results: The mean CRAAP score was 38.885 of a possible 50 (SD 0.983; range: 36.859–40.910). Fourteen sources (53.8%) had some kind of training evaluation: Kirkpatrick’s level 1 was present in nearly all (13) and was the highest in half of them (7). Regarding the educational interventions, the mean MERSQI score was 10.592 of a possible 18 (SD 2.371; range 9.085–12.098). Lectures were the most widely reported educational method (5); among those in clinical settings, the live supervised interview with feedback was the most usual (4). Conclusions: Despite its core importance as the language of psychiatry, the literature about training psychiatry residents in DP is scarce and heterogeneous. General lack of training evaluation and ongoing overemphasis on Kirkpatrick’s levels 1–2 at the expense of levels 3–4 are causes for concern. During the review process, the authors identified a selection of educational interventions that could serve as the basis for the design of new training efforts in both clinical and nonclinical settings. Topics for future research are also suggested, such as the role of DP in competency-based training frameworks now in vogue and a series of neglected contents. Finally, the combined use of the CRAAP test and the MERSQI may be useful for future systematic reviews in medical education.
ALS Mimics due to Affection of the Cervical Spine: From Common Compressive Myelopathy to Rare CSF Epidural Collection
Authors: Storti Benedetta , Diamanti Susanna , Tremolizzo Lucio , Riva Nilo , Lunetta Christian , Filippi Massimo , Ferrarese Carlo , Appollonio Ildebrando
Published: March 2021

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a clinically heterogeneous disease, with chameleon presentations and several mimics. Considering the poor prognosis of ALS, their precise and timely identification is pivotal. Affection of the cervical spine represents one potential source of ALS mimics that should never be missed, since it is potentially treatable. We hereby present 5 cases initially diagnosed as ALS but eventually found to have different kinds of cervical spine affection, from a common compressive myelopathy to a rare space-occupying cystic fluid collection.
The Clinical Significance of miR-135b-5p and Its Role in the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Hippocampus Neurons in Children with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Li Ruixiang , Hu Jiahua , Cao Sue
Published: March 2021

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most familiar localized epilepsy in children. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for the inhibition or promotion of numerous diseases. This study aimed to detect the expression of miR-135b-5p and primarily uncover its underlying function and mechanism in children with TLE. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of miR-135b-5p in children with TLE and in a rat model of epilepsy. MTT assay and flow cytometric apoptosis assay were conducted to evaluate the effects of miR-135b-5p on cell viability and apoptosis. Additionally, the dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the direct target of miR-135b-5p. Our data showed that the expression of miR-135b-5p was significantly decreased in children with TLE and in the epileptic rat neuron model. The dysregulation of miR-135b-5p could serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker for children with TLE. The overexpression of miR-135b-5p moderated the adverse influence on cell viability and apoptosis induced by magnesium-free medium. SIRT1 was identified as a target gene of miR-135b-5p. These results proved that miR-135b-5p might serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker in children with TLE. Overexpression of miR-135b-5p alleviates the postepileptic influence on cell viability and apoptosis by targeting SIRT1.
Effect of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Neonatal Myocardial Function
Authors: Smith Aisling , Franklin Orla , McCallion Naomi , Breatnach Fionnouala , EL-Khuffash Afif
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have impaired myocardial performance and are at risk of pulmonary hypertension. We aimed to assess myocardial deformation and left ventricular (LV) rotational mechanics in this population. Methods: We studied 40 infants of mothers with GDM and 40 control infants. Three echocardiograms were carried out over the first 3 days after birth. Results: GDM infants had a lower gestation at birth and a thicker septal wall, a higher LV eccentricity index (indicating septal bowing), and a lower PAATi (indicating higher pulmonary vascular resistance) (all p < 0.05). GDM infants had lower LV strain, systolic and early diastolic strain rates, lower right ventricular (RV) strain, and early diastolic strain rates over the study period (all p < 0.05). By day 3, GDM infants had higher twist, torsion, and higher LV twist and untwist rates (all p < 0.05). GDM status was an independent predictor of LV and RV function and pulmonary vascular resistance (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Infants of mothers with GDM demonstrate important changes in myocardial function in addition to pulmonary vascular resistance that do not resolve by hospital discharge. The observed LV twist increase in GDM infants may be a compensatory mechanism for the lower longitudinal function in this cohort.
How Oral Specialists Can Help Diagnose and Manage Extra-Digestive Inflammatory Bowel Disease Complications
Authors: Thomas Charlotte , Dimmock Mylène , Gilletta de Saint-Joseph Cyrielle , Barres Béatrice , Paul Carle , Cousty Sarah , Laurencin-Dalicieux Sara
Published: March 2021

Identification of extra-digestive manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is essential. The oral cavity is a preferential site in which gingival enlargement may be one of these manifestations. We present, in this article, two original cases and a concept map that highlights the need for a close collaboration between the dental surgeon or oral specialist, the dermatologist, and the gastroenterologist. In the first case, the strictly local management of a systemic IBD oral complication, can relieve and answer the patient’s complaint without modifying or disrupting the systemic treatment already implemented by the gastroenterologists. In the second case, the dental surgeon’s diagnosis of gingival enlargement turns out to be the inaugural manifestation of Crohn’s disease and allows early treatment of the intestinal pathology. These two cases illustrate the close link between the oral cavity and IBD. Knowledge and multidisciplinary management of these manifestations such as proposed in the concept map are essential for clinicians for the early diagnosis and the improvement of the oral and general quality of life of patients suffering from IBD.