bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Media Use Influence on Learning Behaviour of Secondary School Students in Moshi Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Sr. Tengia Bernarda Ignatious Moshi  , Sr. Dr. Florentina N. Ndeke  , Asatsa Stephen  , Dr. Elizabeth O. Ngozi
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of social media on learning behaviour among secondary school students in Moshi Municipality in Tanzania. The study specifically sought to establish effects of social media on learning behaviour of secondary school students in Moshi Municipality, Tanzania. The study adopted Banduras’ Social Learning Theory and Katz’s User Gratification Theory to inform both the methodology and analysis.  The study used the convergent parallel design and correlation design. The target population was 1480 students from 45 secondary schools in Moshi Municipality in Tanzania. The sample size was 5 schools from Moshi Municipality from which 148 participants were selected (125 students, 6 teachers, 10 parents, 5 principals and 3 Municipal Education Officers). The study used structured questionnaire and interview schedule to collect data. The questionnaires were administered on the students and the teachers and interview schedule for principals, parents and education officers. The quantitative data was analyzed using tables and frequencies while qualitative data was coded in narration form, and both were interpreted to answer the questions of the study. Qualitative data findings showed that: the accessibility of the social media influences the learning behaviour of secondary students; wasting of learning time among the students; poor class attendance and potential frauds among students. It also confirmed that poor parenting influences the learning behaviour of students. The research concludes that both teacher and parents should collaborate in monitoring the behaviour of their students. The research recommends the introduction of guidance and counselling at the school to help in the mitigation of the social media issues affecting students learning behaviour.
Interaction Effect of Family Type, Age Gap and Length of Married Life on Marital Adjustment
Authors: Simple Abhilash  , R. Neelakandan  , B. Jayaraj
Published: November 2022

The present normative survey was aimed to study the main effect and interaction effect of age gap, family type and length of married life on marital adjustment. The Marital Adjustment Questionnaire developed by Kumar and Rohatgi (1976) was administered on a random sample of 326 married adults (average age 37.46) selected from Ernakulam district of Kerala. The data, thus collected, were subjected to statistical analysis(three-way ANOVA) by keeping the objective and the hypothesis in mind. The study revealed that age gap, family type and length of married life have significant main effect on the marital adjustment of participants. Whereas the family type do not significantly influence marital adjustment in interaction with either length of married life or age gap between the spouses, the latter two independent variables  have significant interaction effect on marital adjustment. The analysis also exposed that all the three independent variables, viz., family type, age gap between spouses and the length of married life, have significant interaction effect on marital adjustment of people living in Ernakulam district.
Loneliness, Social Support, Life Satisfaction, and Internet Addiction among Day Scholars and Hostel Students
Authors: Salma Siyana  , Mrs. Ayesha Arif Zinna
Published: November 2022

For the purpose of pursuing education, students stay in hostel to carry out their desired course. During hostel life, they gain experience and learn various things from their teachers and inmates. In addition, as they are staying away from their family, they go through certain enduring experiences like loneliness, lack of social support, and other issues. The present study examined the relationship between loneliness, social support internet addiction, and life satisfaction among day scholars and hostel students. The sample consisted of 200 college students out of which 100 were day scholars and 100 were hostel students. The students were selected from 3 colleges in Chennai city. The students were administered Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Dr. Kimberly Young (1996), UCLA Loneliness Scale by Russell, D. (1978), Social Support Questionnaire by Sarason et al., (1987) and Life Satisfaction by Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between internet addiction, loneliness, social support and life satisfaction. Independent samples t-test was used to examine the difference between day scholars and hostel students. The analysis revealed that internet addiction and loneliness were significantly positively correlated. There was no significant relationship between internet addiction and social support. Internet addiction and life satisfaction were found to be significantly negatively correlated. Loneliness and social support were found to be significantly negatively correlated. Loneliness and life satisfaction were found to be significantly negatively correlated. There was a significant positive correlation between social support and life satisfaction. Also, results indicated that there were no significant differences in internet addiction and life satisfaction among day scholars and hostel students. There were significant differences in loneliness and social support among day scholars and hostel students. Hostel students tended to have higher loneliness and experience lesser social support.
Emotional Regulation & Optimism as Predictor of Self Efficacy among Young Adults in India
Authors: Ankita Maity  , Anjali Sahai
Published: November 2022

Young adult hood stage is an important period in human development characterized by rapid changes in physical, sexual, cognitive and emotional context of an individual. This period is known as the transition period when adolescence move to the next stage of development .This study investigates the effect of emotional regulation and optimism on self-efficacy among young adults. For this purpose, 117 college students from various private colleges of Delhi NCR region were included and were assessed by Life-Orientation Test- Revised by S.C. Carver; Emotion Regulation Scale by John and Gross and General Self-Efficacy Scale by Schwarzer and Jerusalem. The results indicate that emotional regulation and optimism as a predictor of self-efficacy.
Parenting Styles and Its Influence on Internet Usage among Young Children
Authors: Mridhula A  , Dr. Usharani S.
Published: November 2022

The use of internet at a very early age advances the child’s exposure to certain topics that also hinder their maturation process and understanding moral conventions of the society. The Idea behind the study is to link the internet usage of the children and their parent’s style of parenting through exploratory research design so as to provide parents awareness. The Independent variable of the study is Internet usage of children and the Dependant variable is parenting style of their parents. Along with which Age of the parent, Occupation of the parent, Economic status is collected as the demographic data. 100 parents from Chennai city with school going children between the age group 3- 13 are chosen as the representative sample by using Purposive sampling technique. The study analysed the data descriptively by using percentage analyses, and also inferentially by using t-test to know the gender difference. The finding showed that it was observed that parents reported that their children’s Internet usage is high. It is noted that parents have also reported that their parenting controls are high with regards to internet usage despite of having taken high security actions.
The Relationship between Family Function and Anxiety Mediated of Perceived Behavioral Control in Elderly
Authors: Nur Andini Sudirman  , Nurul Hidayah  , Dini Cahyani  , Latipun
Published: November 2022

The elderly is a period of development that begins at age 60 to death. The elderly to review the life that has been lived, retired, and adjusted to new social roles so often the individuals who are at this time feel anxious when experiencing a new one. Anxiety is a vague and unpleasant emotional state accompanied by fear of something, suppressing, and discomfort (Reber & Reber, 2010). The impact of an elderly anxiety is to have poor sleep quality and poor adjustment (Dariah & Okatiranti, 2015; Romas, 2010). Factors that can affect an elderly anxiety are motivation, social support, family support, and family functions (Hughes, Hedtke, & Kendall, 2008; Putri, Zulfitri, & Karim, 2013; Sudiana, 2017). The purpose of this study is to determine the indirect effect of family function on anxiety through perceived behavioral control. The study design using quantitative methods with the type explanatory. Subjects in this study are elderly living with family and aged 60-80 years, amounting to 62 people from various regions in Indonesia. The instruments used are MMFF, GAS, and ACQ. Data analysis using Hayes. The results of this study indicate that there is an indirectly positive influence between family functions on anxiety in the elderly through perceived behavioral control, which means that a well-functioning family can reduce anxiety, but otherwise poor family functions can affect anxiety. Therefore, perceived behavioral control can be a mediator to strengthen the influence of family function to anxiety in the elderly. In addition, the relationship between family function, anxiety, and perceived behavioral control using mediation model not only occurs in children, adolescents, and early adult but also affect the elderly.
Keywords
A Study of Spirituality in Relationship with Perceived Happiness Status, Perceived Health Status and Academic Achievement among Adolescents
Authors: Aastha Sharma
Published: November 2022

Adolescence is a sensitive period of life which is accompanied by a series of biological, psychological, and cognitive changes in an individual. This age of confusion and immaturity predisposes individuals towards risky behaviour like alcohol/drug abuse, violence, sexual experimentation etc. The Mental Health Foundation (2009) enlisted various protective factors for adolescents that can help in keeping them safe from risky behaviour. These were: spirituality, social support, parental support, meaningful relationships, constructive hobbies etc. Spirituality is a relationship of an individual with the Divine, with oneself and with others. Houston and Cartwright (2007) defined spirituality using four components. The first was a belief in transcendence, something higher than oneself. The second was interconnectedness, which meant the sense of unification with all living beings. The third component was a feeling of love and compassion for others. Fourth component included a sense of purpose and meaning in life. Spirituality has been consistently linked with happiness, better health outcomes and general feelings of wellbeing among adolescents. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of spirituality with perceived happiness status, perceived health status, and academic achievement among adolescents. A sample of 100 adolescents (50 males and 50 females) in the age range of 16 and 18 years was included in the study. Inter correlation Analysis was conducted to find the relationship between the variables. In order to find out differences between two groups viz. males and females, t tests were employed. Results showed a significant relationship between spirituality, perceived happiness status and academic achievement of adolescents. This study highlighted the importance of spirituality, and how it can be meaningful not only in the emotional and psychological domain, but the cognitive domain as well.
Impact of Yoga Nidra Meditation on Perceived Stress and Self Regulation in Teacher Trainees
Authors: Shalini Lakshmipathy  , Dr. Veena Easvaradoss
Published: November 2022

The present study investigates the practice of yoga nidra meditation as an effective strategy for addressing the perceived stress and self regulation of teacher trainees. In this study, purposive sampling was used and the sample was drawn from two Colleges of Education in Chengalpet and Chennai. The sample consisted of 70 women students of whom 35 were in the experimental group and 35 in the control group. The age range was between 21 years to 23 years. The mean age of the experimental group was 21.83 years (SD = 0.86). The mean age of the control group was 21.89 years (SD = 0.83). The yoga nidra intervention module, which consisted of 20 sessions, was administered to the experimental group. There were three sessions per week with each session lasting for 1 hour and 30 minutes. Psychological tests were used to measure perceived stress and self-regulation. These tests were administered before and after the intervention to both the groups. The results showed that Yoga nidra meditation significantly decreased perceived stress in teacher trainees who underwent the intervention compared to a control group.
Cognizing Demonetization: A Survey Study
Authors: Prof. H.K. Chhabra  , Ena
Published: November 2022

In India, recent changes in economic policy have contributed to reshaping of the economy. One such change agent has been demonetisation. Technically, Demonetization is the act of ceasing a currency unit of its legal tender status. The current form of money is extracted from the circulation, retired, and replaced with new currency. Changes in the monetary policies, like any other changes in society, have a tangible impact upon the money related thinking of people. Within the human mind, the decisions to spend, invest, or to save money are understood in terms of opening of mental accounts (Thaler, 1999), followed by financial analyses and then finally reconfiguring the money related cognitions leading to such decisions where after the mental accounts can be closed. All human transactions in the market utilize either money or a token of money. Basically, whenever a change in either of these two takes place, human cognitions need to undergo a consequential transformation. Behavioural Economics understands that whereas the world of money in the market seems appropriate and logical in the context of transactions, human mind is predictably irrational and must understand and stabilize the change needed in a new cognitive set-up in the context of money. Against the background of the contemporary financial changes, the present study aimed to understand the demonetization linked cognitive modifications in the human mind since the state of mind undergoes changes during such events. The sample consisted of 90 participants which were uniformly divided into 3 segments: service providers, decision makers in businesses and students, all having minimum graduate qualification. A survey was devised to study the cognitions and subsequent behaviour indicators of people across these three segments individually and comparatively. The information thus collected gave valuable insights into the dynamics of demonetisation as reflected in human cognitive setup.
Socio-Demographic Variables and Psychiatric Morbidity in Self Inflicted Burns Victims – Cross Sectional Observational Study
Authors: S. Shankar  , S. Ananda Krishna Kumar
Published: November 2022

Aim: To assess the Socio-demographic profile, Stressful live events, Suicidal intent, Psychiatric morbidity and pattern of injury in self-inflicted burns victims. Design: It is a cross-sectional observational study. Methodology: 60 consecutive cases were administered with special proforma for collecting Socio-demographic data, Presumptive stressful life event scale, Becks suicide intent scale and Mini International Neuropsychiatric interview. Depending on the presence or absence of psychiatric morbidity patients were divided into two groups. The two groups were then compared with regards to socio-demographic profile, suicide intent, PSLE scores, time of attempt and pattern of burns injury using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Majority belonged to less than 30 years of age and 2/3rd are females. Majority studied up to primary education and more than half were unemployed. On PLSE Majority had >3 life events. Family history of suicidal attempts present in 15% of the victims and >80% of the victims had moderate to high intent. 2/3rd of the victim had body surface area (TBSA) between 41-60% and >2/3rd attempted between 5pm -5am. 45% of the sample had psychiatric morbidity, most common was Depression. On comparison of two groups Significant difference noted in suicidal intent among individuals with psychiatric morbidity, where as Socio-demographic factors, time of attempt, pattern of burns injury and PSLE events and score did not show any significance between the two. Conclusion: Psychiatric morbidity and Stressful life events were risk factors for suicidal burns. By understanding multiple variables, suicidal intent and various psychiatric morbidity we can identify more vulnerable person for suicide and by giving more focus we can definitely prevent further suicide attempts and can reduce suicide mortality.
Relationship between Humour Styles, Optimism and Self Esteem
Authors: Harshaa Gopalakrishnan  , Vaaruni Sundar  , Veerapandian. K
Published: November 2022

Humour is the essence of life. It is a special part of one’s life that often rules one’s memories and shapes and defines the individual. This study aimed at finding the relationship between humour style, optimism and self esteem among college students (18 – 25 years) who have finished their schooling and are entering adulthood while learning to be independent. The study investigates to which extent the four humour styles (Affiliative, Self enhancing, Aggressive & Self defeating) are associated with optimism and self esteem and also to find out the significant difference in the variables, among male and female students. Questionnaires were distributed online to males and females (n= 108). A cross sectional research design which comprised of college students (males= 46, females= 62) was adopted. The tools used were HSQ- humour styles questionnaire (Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray, & Weir, 2003); LOT-R – life orientation test- revised (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994) and self esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965). Pearson product moment correlation was used to find out the significant relationship between the variables. Independent ’t’- tests was used to compare male and female samples pertaining to the variables. The results and findings have been discussed in the article.
Effect of Academic Cognitive Remedial Interventions on the Skills of Children with Special Need
Authors: Supriya Sharma
Published: November 2022

The present study was a single-group pre and post-test design study. It was conducted to see the impact of academic remedial interventions on the developmental skills (adaptive, personal-social, communication, motor, and cognitive) of children with special need (CWSN). Ten children with special need were identified through subjective ratings based on teacher’s appraisal and attained achievement scores in respective grades and scores attained on Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM; Raven, Court, & Raven, 1977) during screening. Boys (n = 6) and girls (n = 4) of ages ranging from seven years to fourteen years  of age were purposefully selected from Bhopal Manovikas Inclusive & Rehabilitation Center, Bhopal. Skills of CWSN were measured by Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children  (MISIC).Quantitative analyses revealed that academic interventions were highly effective in enhancing the developmental skills of CWSN’ students as well cognitive intervention.
Minor Physical Anomalies, Neurological Soft Signs, and Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Their Respective Normal Siblings– a Cross-Sectional Case Control Study
Authors: S. Shankar  , S. Ananda Krishna Kumar
Published: November 2022

Aim : To assess the presence of Minor physical anomalies, Neurological soft signs, and neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and their respective siblings and to assess the difference if any and their clinical relevance. Study Design: cross-sectional case control study. Materials And Methods: Socio demographic details as per Performa collected from cases and controls. Complete physical examination including detailed Neurological evaluation done. Afterwards MPA scale, NES scale and neuropsychological tests were applied to both patients and their healthy siblings separately. Likewise 30 subjects were tested in 4 each groups. Statistical Design: Measures of central tendency and dispersion, tests of significance. Results: The presence of MPA in schizophrenia patients (63.3%) compared to bipolar illness (50%) was not significantly higher. There is significantly higher presence of NSS between schizophrenia, bipolar patients and their siblings. On Neuroconitive dysfunction, there is a significantly higher prevalence of visual memory impairment, executive dysfunction among schizophrenia patients, bipolar patients compared to their siblings. Verbal memory was impaired in significantly higher proportion in schizophrenia patients compared to other groups. Conclusion : NSS, MPAs and neurocognitive dysfunction, may help for understanding etiopathogenesis, symptom dimension and treatment response of both illness. This will help in identifying high risk individuals and possible intervention may be imitated early to prevent the occurrence of illness.
Prediction of Based on the Beliefs and Perceptions of Pain Intensity and Pain Perceived Stress and Self-Control in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Fahimeh Mardan  , Hamid RezaVatan Khah  , Maryam Bahrami Hidjy
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Regarding the importance of psychological problems along with the physical condition of patients in the community, especially patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The purpose of this study was to “predict the severity of pain based on beliefs and perception of perceived pain and perceived stress and self-control in patients with rheumatoid arthritis”. The research is categorized as descriptive correlational research in terms of research methodology and it is categorized as applied research in terms of purpose. The statistical population included all women with rheumatoid arthritis who referred to Shariati and Loghman hospitals in 2016. A sample of 200 participants was selected based on Morgan’s table. The instrument was Convictions and perception of pain, Perceived Stress (PSS-14), self-control and Visual Analogue Assessment (VAS). For analyzing the data, inferential statistics, stepwise multivariate regression analysis was used. Findings: The founding indicted that the variance of intensity of the pain was codified 34/1% of believing perception of the pain, 10/8% of self-control and 2/2% of perceived stress respectively which totally justified 47/1% of the variance of the model. Among the components of convictions and perception of the pain, the intensity of the pain was codified being mysterious 31/1% and believing in permanence of the pain 2/1% respectively. (In total 36/2%). Among perceived stress components, negative perceived stress could codified 34/8% of the intensity of the pain. Among the self-control components, prohibitive self-control could codify 28/3% of the variance of the intensity of the pain. Conclusion: As the result, it was indicated that in addition to effective role of these three components in predicting the pain, being mysterious and believing in permanency of the pain have more ability from conviction and perceiving the pain, perceived stress component and prohibitive self-control to identify the intensity of the pain in patients afflicted by Rheumatoid arthritis.
Level of Stress and Coping Strategies among B. Sc. Nursing Students
Authors: Mr. Baba Vajrala  , Ms. S Jasmin Debora
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of stress and coping strategies among B.sc nursing students NRI nursing college, Guntur. A total of 160 students were selected using the stratified random sampling strategy and data was gathered by using perceived stress scale. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that students experience Moderate level of stress. coping strategies were high, year after their course and low among 1st year B.sc nursing students and high among 4th year B.sc nursing students .There was no significant association between level of stress with Age, gender Religion type of family, family income and Type of residence. However, The academic year and marital status were There was significant association between stress and year of study feasible to p=0.02; marital status p=0.04 stating that married are more stressed than the single. Based on the findings, recommendations such as educating fresh students on adapting to college stressors, provision of counselling services in the colleges and focusing counseling on personal stressors as much as on academic related ones were made for stakeholders and future researchers. Implications of the findings include the fact that they can be useful in the management and counseling of nursing students on coping strategies.
Facebook Addiction as related to Adolescence’s Psychological Wellbeing
Authors: Gulfisha
Published: November 2022

Online social-networking sites have achieved immense popularity among youth. Therefore the proposed research requires focus of psychologists and it has been observed that few researches in exiting literature are available on its relationship with psychological wellbeing. Social networking sites as face book, twitter, Whatsapp have got a noticeable fame over the world. Nowadays these sites play significant role in users’ life.  Face book has become most essential social site that connects people who are far away but the recent research studies showed that face book not only generates various positive  psychological issues but more over it devastate the well-being of people too. Psychological well-being is usually referred as the combination of positive affective states such as happiness and functioning with optimal effectiveness in individual and social life (Deci & Ryan 2000). The aim of the present study is to measure the relationship of face book addiction with psychological well-being among adolescence girls. For the present study the representative sample was taken randomly from Aligarh Muslim University. Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (2011) of Andraessen and psychological well-being scale of Ryff’s (1995) were applied on the students. Pearson product moment correlation of coefficient was used to analysis the data. The obtained result revealed positive relationship between face book addiction and psychological wellbeing. It means involvement in Facebook helps to improve psychological wellbeing.
Behaviour Technology for Enhancing Adjustment among Fresher Female Hostel Students
Authors: Dr. Rajesh Ganesan  , Mahuya Deb
Published: November 2022

The research work was conducted with the purpose of enhancing adjustment of the Fresher Postgraduate Female students residing in University campus hostel, through the application of four Intervention Techniques. The research work adopted Pre-Post Test Experimental and Control group design with Double Blind Experiment in semi-experimental condition. 50 Fresher Female Hostel students between the age range of 21-22 years were selected from Tripura University Women’s Hostel through Purposive sampling technique. The 50 students were randomly assigned to the Experimental (25) and Control Group (25).The four dimensions of adjustment (home, health, social, emotional) were assessed with the help of Bell Adjustment Inventory (students form) revised by Dr. R.K. Ojha (1994).After the Pre-Test data collection the four different Intervention techniques were administered to the Experimental group for 6 weeks and the Control group did not receive any treatment. For data analysis Mean, Standard Deviation, Gain score and t-test were used. All data was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. Findings of the study, concluded that the Experimental group reported improvement in their adjustment compared to the Control group.
Study on Parental Care and Psychological Well-Being of IX Standard Students
Authors: Kezia R
Published: November 2022

The psychological issues of adolescents are on the peak and are rising every day. Adolescent age marks the onset of various psychological changes and emotional changes. Studies reveal that 50% of mental and psychological issues begin at the age of 14. Parental care plays a crucial role in shaping the behavioral pattern of children, which is influenced by their psychological well-being. Thus this paper assesses the parental care and psychological well being of standard IX students with the aim of studying the relationship between them. A descriptive study was made with a sample of 200 students. Data was collected from students of IX Standard in the schools of Chennai using psychological well being tool and parental care tool. Results reveal that there is a negative correlation between parental care and psychological well being. There also exists a significant difference in the psychological well being of students based on Father’s Qualification, Mother’s Qualification and Type of institution.
Stress and Parental Involvement
Authors: Sakshi Singh
Published: November 2022

The objective of the present study titled “Stress and Parental Involvement” was to see the effect of parental involvement on stress in children and whether it exerts positive or negative effect on children. Stress is a state of affair involving demand on physical or mental energy. Any event may create stress whether it is good or bad. The stressor can be anything, environmental or physical or emotional. When stress is within the comfort zone, it can help in staying focused, energetic and alert. Parental involvement has been recognized as the most important factor to influence the childhood and adulthood. Educational success is one of the primary outcome of parental involvement. Such children also become well adjusted in the society. Parental involvement also boosts self-esteem and a feeling of self worth in children. They are less likely to get depressed. Children and their parents (60 samples) were selected as sample by incidental cum purposive sampling method. The tools used were Stress Scale and Parent Involvement Scale. Three hypotheses were formulated: (1) There will be low stress level in children having high parental involvement. (2) There will be more parental involvement in female children than male children. (3) Gender difference will be found in level of stress and parental involvement. The findings were that (1) Parents showed average involvement hence, children had moderate level of stress (2) Parental involvement was same for both male and female and (3) Gender difference was not found between the level of stress and parental involvement. Both male and female had same level of stress and parental involvement.
A Qualitative Approach to Understand What Sustains Marriage
Authors: CV Varshini  , KP Naachimuthu
Published: November 2022

“Happy marriages begin when we marry the ones we love, and they blossom when we love the ones we marry” (Tom Mullen, 1957). Edward Westermarck defined “marriage as the more or less durable connection between male and female lasting beyond the mere act of propagation till after the birth of offspring”. Lowie defined marriage as a “relatively permanent bond between permissible mates. Malinowski defined marriage as a contract for the production and maintenance of children”. According to Lundberg,” Marriage consists of the rules and regulations that define the rights, duties and privileges of husband a According to Malinowski,” marriage is a contract for the production and maintenance of children”. Robert Lowie describes “marriage as a relatively permanent bond between permissible mates” and wife with respect to each other”. According to Horton and Hunt,” marriage is the approved social pattern whereby two or more persons establish a family”. Westermarck in ‘History of Human marriage’ defines marriage as the more or less durable connection between male and female lasting beyond the mere act of propagation till after the birth of offspring. Horton and Hunt defines ”marriage is the approved social pattern whereby two or more persons establish a family Marriage is deemed essential for virtually everyone in India. Marriage is deemed essential for virtually everyone in India. For the individual, marriage is the great watershed in life, marking the transition to adulthood. Generally, this transition, like everything else in India, depends little upon individual volition but instead occurs as a result of the efforts of many people.(chekki1996). In India, it is a special bond shared between two souls, who tie the wedding knot after promising to be companions for a life time. It is physical, mental and spiritual unison of two souls. Social conservatives tend to define the family in terms of structure with each family member filling a certain role (like father, mother, or child). After the bride and groom are united in sacred rites attented by colourful ceremony, the new bride may be carried away to her in-laws’s home.
A Study of Job Satisfaction among Government and Private College Teachers of Jammu District
Authors: Bindu Jamwal  , Dr. Mohd. Zubair Kales
Published: November 2022

The present study was carried on job satisfaction among teachers serving in Government and Private colleges of Jammu city. In the present study, the investigator was concerned about the job satisfaction of teachers. Teachers play key role in the improvement of education. Professor K.G. Saiyidain rightly observes, “that teaching is still an unattractive profession which many persons take up as last resort”. The learned educationists attribute this fact to two reasons. Poor financial prospects which discourage ambitious and intelligent people from financing it and lack of social esteem for the profession. The present study is concerned with job satisfaction among college teachers. It is generally found that job satisfaction is closely related to one’s efficiency. A dissatisfied worker may not be able to do his job efficiently inspite of his ability to do it well. The teaching community which is one of the largest work forces in the country affords the lives of thousands of people and ultimately the destiny of nation itself. If there is no job satisfaction among the teaching community, it will led the nation towards destruction and no other member of the community can uplift the dignity and honour of the nation. The objectives if the study were to study the significance of differences in Job Satisfaction between Government and private college teachers, to study that the teachers reach at that position according to their qualification and abilities and to study the interactional difference in Job satisfaction of gender and type of colleges. In the present investigation the sample was selected randomly from the teachers working in Govt. and private colleges in Jammu city. The total sample of the teachers is 100 (50 male and 50 female college teachers). For testing of significant differences in the Job-satisfaction scores of male and female teachers working in Govt. and Private colleges. The investigation applied the technique of Two-Way Analysis of Variance. Job satisfaction scale was administered to the teachers working in Govt. and Private colleges. The conclusions can be drawn on the basis of the results obtained in present study is there is no significant difference in the Job satisfaction between Govt. and Private college teachers. There is no significant difference in the Job satisfaction between male and female teachers and there are no significant interactional difference in (level of teaching and sex) when job satisfaction is taken as criterion.
Association of Alexithymia and Pre-menstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Authors: Meharmeet Kaur
Published: November 2022

The present study is an effort to examine alexithymia in women with the Premenstrual syndrome. For this purpose, a sample of 100 unmarried young adults within the age range of 18-24 years was included in the study after obtaining their informed consent. They were assessed on Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (Steiner, Macdougall & Brown, 2003), and on Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby, Parker, & Taylor, 1994). By applying Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of correlation, it was found out, that Alexithymia is associated with Premenstrual Syndrome. A detailed discussion of the results and their implications would be discussed in the paper.
The Need for Behavioural Rehabilitation in Prisons among Youth
Authors: Dr. Pubalin Dash  , Prof. S.P.K Jena
Published: November 2022

Crime problem has resulted in material costs to the mental health and criminal justice system. In India, thousands of people enter the prison and juvenile homes each year, and very limited numbers are periodically released. There is a very limited opportunity to offer a corrective experience is completely lost in our system which looks at a time is a process of punishment and has the attitude that nothing works. That is certainly not the case.  The present crime system serves as a ground to convert small-time offenders into permanent offenders. This also helps them in be a part of this crime world where limited opportunity is there for self-correction. The biggest failure of this system is limited opportunities for change in attitude and behavior in our society. There is a need to understand the present system of prison setting and rehabilitation systems.
Perceived Parental Acceptance-Rejection, Academic Expectation Stress and Academic Achievement of Male and Female Students
Authors: Sabina Sultana  , Md. Mobarak Hossain  , Kazi Imrul Kayesh  , Soheli Aktar
Published: November 2022

The present study was intended to find out the status of perceive parental acceptance-rejection, academic expectation stress and academic achievement of male and female students. For this purpose, Bengali version of Parental Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire (Adult PARQ), Academic Expectation Stress Inventory (AESI) was administered on 200 respondents including 100 males and 100 females. Result revealed that there was a significant (P<0.05) negative correlation between parental acceptance rejection and academic expectation stress of male and female students. A significant (P<0.05) negative correlation was also exist between parental acceptance-rejection and academic achievement of male and female students. However, academic achievement was found to be higher in female students than that of the male students.
A Comparison study of Marital Adjustment in Spouses of Persons with and without Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Lokesh Kumar Ranjan  , Pramod R Gupta
Published: November 2022

Background: Alcohol Dependence in some form has been a universal phenomenon. It is not only damages health of the addicted persons but also causes comprehensive damage to the family and marital life of concerned people. Marital violence, decreased marital relationship and interpersonal conflict are consequences seen in persons with alcohol dependence. Spouses of alcohol dependence individuals are likely to face problems in adjustment of marital life, family functioning and psychological health. Aim: Present study assesses and compares the marital adjustment in spouses of persons with and without alcohol dependence. Methods: The sample consisted of 100 spouses of persons with and without alcohol dependence (50 ADS and 50 without ADS) selected from OPD of Central India Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (CIIMHANS) by using purposive sampling method. Socio-demographic and clinical details of all the spouses of persons with and without Alcohol dependence assessed by using the Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (Kumar & Rohatgi, 1999). Result: The present Study has found significant difference in all domains (sexual, social and emotional) and overall marital adjustment in spouses of persons with and without alcohol dependence.
The Relationship between Identity, Self- Esteem and Meaning in Life among Late Adolescent Women
Authors: Vaishali Bajaj  , Sarah Sruti Lall
Published: November 2022

Late adolescence represents a period of transition, involving new experiences such as the entrance into college. This presents an opportunity for identity development, especially among women since there has been a growth of choices in the educational and occupational fields. The study explores the relationship between identity processing style, identity commitment, identity orientation, self- esteem and meaning in life. The Identity Style Inventory, Aspects of Identity Questionnaire IV, Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale and Meaning in Life Questionnaire were given to a sample of 199 late adolescent women in the age range of 17-20 years. The results show that significant relationships are present between the identity constructs and self- esteem and meaning in life.
The Ethic of Beneficence: A Critical Overview
Authors: Dr. Suhas Shetgovekar
Published: November 2022

Beneficence is a significant and premier ethical issue that can also be termed as the main goal of any research. It is usually combined with nonmaleficence. Beneficence and nonmaleficence have been included as Principal A under General Principles of American Psychological Association (APA) and imply that any research that is carried out should benefit the participants and should not harm them in any way. Due care needs to be taken in this direction to ensure safety and wellbeing of the participants. Beneficence and nonmaleficence also include safeguarding of the welfare and rights of the participants. The researchers need to be aware about personal (including the physical and mental health of the researcher), financial, social, organisational and political factors that can interfere with ensuring the welfare and safety of the participants. Any research is to be carried out with main goal of benefit to the participants as well as the society in general. However, recently, there has been a shift in this, as many a times research is carried out not for the overall benefit of the participants or the society but for reasons like academic progress and financial benefits. This can lead to research that does not fully contribute the existing fund of knowledge and violates the foremost ethical issue of beneficence and nonmaleficence. A researcher can also come across a number of challenges and dilemmas while practicing beneficence.  Some of the challenges and dilemmas that will be covered in this paper deal with autonomy vs beneficence, minimal risk and research with high or moderate risk but high benefits, that can lead to conflict in the researcher about the study. The risk and benefit ratio also needs to be calculated while carrying out any research and the research needs to be designed in such a way as to ensure maximum benefit and minimum risk. Balancing beneficence and nonmaleficence in a research is also a significant challenge faced by any researcher that will be covered in this paper.
Effect of Hardiness Training on Perceived Stress and Ways of Coping among Family Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Dr. Reena George  , Dr. Raju S
Published: November 2022

Homecare of a patient with schizophrenia is a major issue taxing upon the family caregivers. Family caregivers are the one who are least attended by the health care professionals since the focus of everyone turns to the patients’ treatment and rehabilitation. The real issue happens over time that many of the caregivers experiences mental health issues  and the patient turns to be the bystander in hospitals and these cycle continues. Here the mental health care centers have to extent their services to consider the ‘whole family’ as a focus of concern in terms of prevention of mental illness, promotion of mental health and rehabilitation. The current study focuses on the effects of hardiness training on Perceived Stress and Ways of Coping of family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The Participants for this study comprised of 100 family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia randomly selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (50) and the control group (50). Data were collected by administering Perceived Stress Scale and Ways of Coping Scale. After collection of the baseline data and pretest of the study variables, Hardiness Training was given to the Experimental Group for 20 days. Post-test was conducted after two weeks using the same instruments. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that the mean post-test score of Perceived  Stress   (X2 = 25.72) was significantly lower than the  mean  pre-test  score of  Perceived Stress (X1 =66.04) in the Experimental Group. The participants in the Experimental Group had Positive Ways of Coping as their predominant Ways of Coping, such as accepting responsibility, positive reappraisal, Planful problem solving and seeking social support after hardiness training. The ‘t’ value computed between the mean pre-test scores and the mean post-test scores of Perceived Stress (t =29.513, df-49, p < 0.001)  in Experimental Group were statistically significant at 0.001 level. The independent‘t’ test computed between the post-test scores of Experimental and Control Group on Perceived Stress (t =31.68, df-98, p < 0.001) and Ways of Coping (t =19.74, df-98, p < 0.001) were statistically significant at 0.001 level. The findings of the study suggest that Hardiness Training has effects on Perceived Stress and Ways of Coping of the Experimental Group of family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and can be considered as an effective therapeutic modality.
Exposure Time to Romance Depicted in Media and its Influence on Beliefs about Romantic Relationships among Adults
Authors: Nandini Jagadeesan  , Jemmy Suthandiradas
Published: November 2022

Media has become saturated with messages about romance. Yet, very scarce work has been done in studying the effects of romance oriented media on beliefs about romantic relationship. The present study aims at investigating the relationship between exposure to romantic media, perceived realism of the media and beliefs about romantic relationship among adults. An Expost facto research design was used and a sample of 439 individuals (121 males and 318 females) over age 18 was selected through purposive sampling. Online portals were used to circulate the survey. Sprecher and Metts Relationship Beliefs Scale (1989) and Rubin’s Perceived Realism Scale (1985) were used. The data was analysed inferentially by using Person Product Moment Correlation to establish relationships and t- test to study gender differences. The findings revealed that exposure to romantic media was not significantly related to beliefs about romantic relationships (except for beliefs about love at first sight), but perceived realism of media was significantly related to scores on Relationship Beliefs Scale. No significant gender differences were observed with respect to scores on Relationship Beliefs Scale, Perceived Realism Scale and exposure to romantic media. Thus, it was concluded that mere exposure to screen romance alone did not influence beliefs about romance; rather it was influenced by the extent to which people internalised these messages.