bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Améliorer la complémentarité des offres d’éducation thérapeutique du patient : retour d’expérience et recommandations
Authors: Fournier Cécile , Cittée Jacques , Brugerolles Héléna , Faury Evelyne , Bourgeois Isabelle , Le Bel Josselin , Dorsa Figueiredo Mariana , Traynard Pierre-Yves
Published: September 2018

Introduction : La promotion de l’ETP sur les territoires demande à être réfléchie dans une approche communautaire, suivant une logique de complémentarité pour atténuer les risques de rupture de suivi dans les moments de transition. Méthodes : Le Pôle de ressources Île-de-France en ETP a réuni un échantillon pluri professionnel, pluridisciplinaire et plurisectoriel de 45 participants, afin de définir les modalités d’une complémentarité des offres d’ETP partant des besoins des patients et contribuant au changement de paradigmes professionnels. Résultats : Trois entretiens collectifs ont abordé successivement les trois thématiques de la complémentarité entre les offres d’ETP, des parcours des patients, et de la pluridisciplinarité, en prenant en compte les éléments structurels, les processus et les résultats. Constatant le manque de visibilité, les cloisonnements, les difficultés d’accès et le cadrage contraint des offres, les participants soulignent des éléments favorables issus de leur expérience, fondée sur un socle culturel commun. Les recommandations portent sur : 1) le décloisonnement des structures, en développant la communication et les formations pluri-professionnelles, et en assouplissant les formats de programme ; 2) la mise en lien des acteurs, en promouvant une offre de proximité, et en facilitant les analyses de pratiques et le développement d’une coordination exemplaire de la démarche d’ETP ; 3) la diversification et l’articulation des approches évaluatives, en valorisant le caractère multidimensionnel des apports de l’ETP, non seulement pour les patients mais aussi pour les professionnels et le système de santé. Discussion : Les Pôles de ressources en ETP peuvent contribuer à la mise en œuvre de ces recommandations en soutenant une approche collective fédératrice, à même de contribuer à une réduction des inégalités sociales d’accès à l’ETP.
Développement d’une matrice emplois-expositions française (« MADE ») pour l’évaluation des contraintes biomécaniques
Authors: Descatha Alexis , Despréaux Thomas , Petit Audrey , Bodin Julie , Andersen Johan H. , Dale Ann-Marie , Evanoff Bradley A. , Roquelaure Yves
Published: September 2018

Objectif : Présenter les étapes de développement d’une matrice emplois-expositions (MEE) portant sur les expositions biomécaniques et illustrer un début d’étude de fiabilité et de validité. Méthodes : Le principe retenu a été celui d’une MEE (Matrice Associant Difficultés physiques au travail et Emploi ou « MADE ») par expertise basée sur les classifications française et internationale des catégories d’emploi pour 17 expositions biomécaniques. Trois binômes ont coté indépendamment de 0 à 5 la fréquence et l’intensité des expositions pour chaque catégorie d’emploi. Les divergences de résultats (> 20 % en moyenne pour chaque exposition biomécanique considérée) entre les binômes ont été discutées collégialement. Ont été évalués : la fiabilité par la différence entre les binômes, le nombre de catégories d’emploi discutées et la corrélation entre les classifications (après transcodage) ; la validité par la corrélation par les variables communes à des matrices américaine et danoise existantes. Résultats : La différence entre les moyennes des binômes était considérée comme satisfaisante. Sur les 51 couples (17 expositions - 3 binômes), la matrice de corrélation ne retrouvait que quatre coefficients inférieurs à 0,6 et 14 entre 0,6 et 0,7. Sur les 1 169 catégories d’emploi, 49 ont été discutés. Les coefficients de corrélations entre les classifications étaient supérieurs à 0,7. Les coefficients de corrélation entre les variables des MEE française, américaine et danoise étaient bons à satisfaisants. Conclusion : Une MEE basée sur l’expertise a été développée avec des indicateurs satisfaisants. Des perspectives s’ouvrent pour améliorer certains champs en santé publique au niveau national et international).
Conciencia ambiental y comportamiento ecológico. Un análisis de la escala GEB (General Ecological Behavior) de Kaiser
Authors: Carabias Barcelo Vicente
Published: September 2018

Este artículo presenta un modelo de análisis para medir actitudes ambientales y comportamientos ecológicos de la población, utilizando la escala del General Ecological Behavior (GEB) de Kaiser, que representa una medición probabilística del comportamiento ecológico general. El GEB tiene en cuenta las diferentes circunstancias en que se encuentran los ciudadanos para poder desarrollar un comportamiento ecológico favorable (influencias contextúales). El análisis comparado permite identificar aquellas medidas efectivas y acciones políticas que faciliten el comportamiento ecológico de los ciudadanos, pudiendo sus conclusiones aplicarse a otros contextos nacionales.
Soft-Computing Control of Ball and Beam System
Authors: Kharola Ashwani , Patil Pravin P.
Published: September 2018

This article derives a mathematical model and compares different soft-computing techniques for control of a highly dynamic ball and beam system. The techniques which were incorporated for control of proposed system were fuzzy logic, proportional-integral-derivative (PID), adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and neural networks. Initially, a fuzzy controller has been developed using seven gaussian shape membership functions. The article illustrates briefly both learning ability and parameter estimation properties of ANFIS and neural controllers. The results of PID controller were collected and used for training of ANFIS and Neural controllers. A Matlab simulink model of a ball and beam system has been derived for simulating and comparing different controllers. The performances of controllers were measured and compared in terms of settling time and steady state error. Simulation results proved the superiority of ANFIS over other control techniques.
Anti-Swing and Position Control of Single Wheeled Inverted Pendulum Robot (SWIPR)
Authors: Kharola Ashwani , Dhuliya Piyush , Sharma Priyanka
Published: September 2018

This article presents a fuzzy logic based offline control strategy for the stabilisation of a single-wheeled inverted pendulum robot (SWIPR). A SWIPR comprises of robot chassis mounted on a single wheel. A Matlab-Simulink model of the system has been built from mathematical equations derived using Newton's second law of motion. The study considers three different shape membership functions (MFs) i.e. gaussian, gbell and trapezoidal for designing of fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs). The performance parameters considered for comparison of controllers were rising time, settling time, steady state error and maximum overshoot. The simulation results proved the superiority of gbell MFs over other MFs.
The Lateral Photovoltaic Effect in the Fe/SiO2/ Si Structure with Different Silicon Conductivity Type
Authors: Pisarenko Tatiana A. , Balashev Vyacheslav V. , Korobtsov Vladimir V. , Dimitriev Artem A. , Vikulov Victor A.
Published: September 2018

We report on the results of the study of the lateral photovoltaic effect in the Fe/SiO2/Si structures with n-and p-type silicon. It is found that in both cases the photovoltage signal varies linearly when the light spot moves between the electrodes. It is established that the sensitivity of lateral photovoltaic effect in Fe/SiO2/n-Si and Fe/SiO2/р-Si structures is 32.3 and 14.7 mV/mm, respectively. When the silicon conductivity type changes, there is an inversion of photovoltage polarity as a result of the opposite direction of the built-in electrical field at the SiO2/Si interface. It was found that the response time in the Fe/SiO2/n-Si structure is 4.2 times faster than in the Fe/SiO2/p-Si structure due to the presence of an inversion layer in this structure.
Magnetic Field MEMS-Sensor: Functional Characteristics Control during the Formation of Magnetosensitive Structures
Authors: Djuzhev Nikolay , Iurov Aleksey , Chinenkov Maksim
Published: September 2018

In this work the results of substrate temperature effects on coercivity and magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic structures are shown. It was found that with an increase of the substrate temperature from 270 to 390 °C the magnetoresistance increases from 1.2 to 2.3% and the coercive force from 1.6 to 5.3 Oe. A new topology of anisotropic magnetoresistive structures is proposed. In these structures the shape of ferromagnetic elements repeats the shape of nonmagnetic conducting shunts. Sensitivity values obtained for both types of magnetic structures are compared.
Strontium Bismuthates Sr2Bi2O5 and Sr6Bi2O11: Temperature Dependencies of Urbach Energy and Location of «Urbach Focus»
Authors: Nashchochin Egor Olegovich , Shtarev Dmitry Sergeevich , Shtareva Anna Vladimirovna , Syuy Alexander Vjacheslavovich
Published: September 2018

We present information about temperature dependence of optical properties of two different strontium bismuthates. We demonstrate that temperature dependencies of Urbach energy of two strontium bismuthates differ radically. Abnormal behavior of Urbach focus of strontium bismuthate Sr2Bi2O5 is observed. We assume existence of phase transit in strontium bismuthate Sr2Bi2O5 at the temperature around 305 K.
Kinetic Dependencies of the Photorefractive Effect in Lithium Niobate Crystals
Authors: Syuy Alexander Vjacheslavovich , Gabain Alexei A. , Teplyakova Natalia A. , Sidorov Nikolay V. , Palatnikov Mikhail N.
Published: September 2018

The kinetic dependence of the photorefractive effect in the congruent lithium niobate crystal is determined in the work. The adequacy of the model for calculating the photoelectric fields from the indicatrix of photoinduced light scattering is shown. Two methods for determining the induced birefringence by interferograms and on the parameters of photoinduced light scattering are compared.
ZnS:Mn2+ Quantum Dots as Efficient Photocatalyst for Organic Dye Decolorization
Authors: Sergeeva Ksenia A. , Sergeev Alexander A. , Kuznetsova Yulia V. , Voznesenskiy Sergey S.
Published: September 2018

Fluorescent zinc blende structured pure and Mn2+ doped ZnS quantum dots were prepared by simple aqueous based technique at room temperature. Under UV-excitation the quantum dots show photoluminescence bands at 2.1 and 3.0 eV corresponded to Mn2+ and ZnS intrinsic defect emission, respectively. The photocatalytic activity was tested for the photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. The influence of the Mn2+ concentration on the dye decolorization efficiency was studied. The highest photocatalytic degradation rate of methylene blue was obtained for ZnS quantum dots in glutathione shell doped with 0.5 at.% of Mn2+. The mechanisms of photoluminescence and photocatalytic activity were discussed.
The Electrolyte Concentration Influence on the Features of Formation Process and Morphology of the PEO-Coatings on Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Egorkin Vladimir S. , Vyaliy Igor E. , Izotov Nikolay V. , Sinebryukhov Sergey L. , Gnedenkov Sergey V.
Published: September 2018

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of aluminum alloy 5754 was carried out in a multicomponent electrolyte variating the concentration of sodium silicate. The research has allowed to establish the characteristic features of the plasma electrolytic oxidation process, and also morphological structure of the formed oxide layers. It is established that the applied electrolytic systems can significantly increase the thickness of the formed layers (up to 152 μm), and control their porosity, bringing it up to 30 %.
Atomic Ordering and Disordering of Amorphous CoNiP Alloy
Authors: Pustovalov Evgenii V. , Fedorets Alexander F. , Tkachev Vladimir V. , Plotnikov Vladimir S.
Published: September 2018

The structure of electrolytically deposited nanocrystalline alloys of the CoP-CoNiP systems under low-temperature heating was investigated by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF STEM), and analytical methods such as energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Structural relaxation and crystallization were investigated at temperatures from 150°C to 300°C. Structural and compositional inhomogeneities were found in the CoP-CoNiP alloys, while the local changes in composition were found to reach 15 at.%. Nanocrystals in the alloys grew most intensely in the presence of a free surface. It was determined that the local diffusion coefficient ranged from 1.2 to 2.4 10−18 m2/s, which could be explained by the surface diffusion prevalence. The data gathered in these investigations can be further used to predict the thermal stability of CoP-CoNiP alloys.
Computer Simulation of Plastic Deformation in Tial Alloys in the Presence of Chromium
Authors: Gnidenko Anton
Published: September 2018

Quantum-mechanical calculations were used to investigate shear rupture in intermetallic titanium aluminide (TiAl) alloys in the presence of vacancy or chromium dopant. The substitution of both Ti and Al atoms by Cr atoms in the γ-TiAl crystal lattice was considered. The simulation of shear was carried out in the (111) slip plane along two directions, namely the [110] and [11-2]. The decrease in the shear resistance of the defects present in the γ-TiAl lattice was estimated. It was shown that when chromium occupies a titanium vacancy, it can compensate for this defect by increasing the shear modulus for the {111} <110> slip system.
Morphological and Structural Modifications of Si-Based Nanostructures Synthesized from Metal Silicide Templates in IP6, Acid and Metal Chloride Solutions
Authors: Huang Yalei , Yuan Peiling , Kumazawa Yuki , Kusazaki Shinya , Saito Yuya , Saxena Vimal , Konishi Kazuma , Kujime Yuya , Kato Tubasa , Tanaka Kaito , Hayakawa Yasuhiro , Tatsuoka Hirokazu
Published: September 2018

Powders consisting of Si-based nanostructures were synthesized by the extraction of Ca atoms from CaSi2 powders using an inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) aqueous solution. The raw CaSi2 powders were simply immersed in a diluted IP6 solution, then dried. It is noted that the Si-based nanostructures were easily exfoliated from the powders to expose the surfaces corresponding to the Si {111} planes of the nanostructures. In addition, the Si-based nanostructures were also synthesized by metal atom extraction from SrSi2, BaSi2 and Mg2Si using the IP6 aqueous solution. It was found that the nanostructures mainly including the amorphous Si-oxide phase were obtained for the IP6-treated SrSi2, BaSi2 and Mg2Si powders. Moreover, the amorphous Si oxide-based nanostructures were synthesized from CaSi2 using citric acid, malic acid, FeCl3 and FeCl2 aqueous solutions. It was demonstrated that the morphological and structural properties of the synthesized Si-based nanostructures depend on the silicide templates and the solutions.
Wetting Layer and Formation of Metal - Semiconductor Interface
Authors: Plusnin Nikolay I.
Published: September 2018

A wetting layer with a nanophase structure was detected and identified before the first bulk phase during the formation of the metal-silicon interface by vapor-phase deposition at room temperature of the substrate. This became possible due to the developed technique for complex analysis of the structural-chemical state of the surface/ interface with help of Auger electron spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, and also due to the method of physical vapor deposition at low temperature of vapor. The discovery this wetting layer and stage of its formation fundamentally changes the approach to the formation of contact between metal and silicon.
Provenance of Quaternary sands on Flemish Cap, offshore Island of Newfoundland
Authors: Pe-Piper G , Piper D J W , Kormann S
M , Imperial A
Published: September 2018

The objectives of this study were (a) to determine if Flemish Cap has a distinctive heavy mineral assemblage that would allow turbidites from Flemish Cap to be distinguished in Flemish Pass; and (b) to evaluate the role of local erosion versus ice-rafting in the
evolution of the heavy mineral assemblages in the widespread sands on Flemish Cap. Heavy minerals were separated from four widely spaced surface sands on Flemish Cap and from one ~16 ka turbidite sand in Flemish Pass. Heavy minerals were identified from polished thin sections using a scanning
electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The dominant source of heavy minerals in the sand ridge fields of Flemish Cap is from ice-rafting from the Canadian Shield and Greenland. Erosion of Avalonian basement rocks on the Flemish Cap shoals was the dominant source of sand on the
rocky shoals. Erosion of Tertiary and Cretaceous sandstones was not a significant source for heavy minerals based on the rarity of zircon, monazite, tourmaline and spinel/chromite. The 16 ka turbidite sand in eastern Flemish Pass has a similar varietal heavy mineral assemblage as the sand ridge
fields of Flemish Cap.
Cerebral palsy and the bobath treatment
Authors: Guldenpfenning W. M.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
The aphasic child
Authors: Whiting Diana M.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Some general aspects concerning stuttering which indicate fields of research
Authors: Aron M.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Research needs in speech pathology in South Africa
Authors: Bauman S. , Aron M.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available
Editorial
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Case history of an eighteen-year-old stutterer
Authors: Bloch Joy
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Caliber-Persistent Labial Artery: A Report of a Rarely Recognized Lip Swelling
Authors: Thanthoni Malarkodi , Rajeev P , Sathasivasubramanian S
Published: September 2018

Calibre-persistent labial artery (CPLA) is a commonly underdiagnosed vascular lesion of the lip. CPLA is an arterial branch that penetrates the submucosal tissue without loss of calibre. Clinical diagnosis is significant as misdiagnosis can lead to profuse haemorrhage following an excisional biopsy or surgical excision. Colour Doppler ultrasonography is a safe and non-invasive diagnostic tool to confirm the diagnosis. Here, we report a case of a 24-year-old man who complained of an asymptomatic pulsating non-progressive nodule on the left side of upper lip initially diagnosed as peripheral angiomatous lesion. Diagnosis was confirmed by high-resolution Colour Doppler Ultrasonography. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the clinical importance and diagnosis of a rarely reported soft tissue swelling of the lip to the attention of clinicians.
Photosynthetic efficiency and production of cowpea cultivars under deficit irrigation
Authors: Melo Alberto Soares de , Silva Allisson Rafael Ferreira da , Dutra Alexson Filgueiras , Dutra Wellison Filgueiras , Brito Marcos Eric Barbosa , Sá Francisco Vanies da Silva
Published: September 2018

Cowpea is a crop with great economic, social and food importance in semi-arid regions, but its production is drastically reduced by the water deficit in these regions, requiring better management strategies that allow the crop’s production. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic efficiency and production of cowpea cultivars under deficit irrigation replacement levels. The experiment tested three cowpea genotypes (G1 = ‘BRS Aracé’, G2 = ‘BR 17 Gurguéia’ and G3 = ‘BRS Marataoã’) and four irrigation depths (40, 60, 80 and 100% of ETc), resulting in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, arranged in randomized complete blocks design with four replicates. During the experiment, the gas exchanges, chlorophyll a fluorescence and production of the cowpea genotypes under deficit irrigation were evaluated. Carbon fixation in the photosynthetic metabolism of cowpea plants was reduced by accentuated water deficit, regardless of the genotype. The low stress severity was indicated by the lack of effects on chlorophyll fluorescence, indicating that the reduction in the rate of carbon assimilation was due to the stomatal effects. The irrigation with 80% of ETc can be used in the cultivation of the respective cultivars, but with small losses in the production. Among the genotypes, ‘BRS Marataoã’ stands out with respect to yield, with higher values for weight of pods and green beans.
Optimization of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from pig slaughterhouse and packing plant wastewater through electrocoagulation in a batch reactor
Authors: Orssatto Fábio , Tavares Maria Hermínia Ferreira , Silva Flávia Manente da , Eyng Eduardo , Fleck Leandro
Published: September 2018

This work evaluated the removal of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (P) through electrocoagulation and used aluminum electrodes to optimize the potential differential (pd) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) variables in a batch reactor. The experimental design used was Rotatable Central Composite Design (RCCD). The application of the electrocoagulation in the treatment of effluents from pig slaughterhouses and packing plants proved to be efficient in relation to the removal of TKN and total phosphorus, obtaining maximum efficiency equal to 67.15% and 99%, respectively. The maximum TKN removal value was found in Test 12, where treatment conditions were 30 minutes for HRT and 20 volts for pd, which corresponds to 0.86 A of electric current and a current density of 17.2 mA cm-2. For P, the only test that removed below 99% was the first. Through statistical analyses, it was only possible to obtain a mathematical model for TKN removal. While the response surface graph did not present a defined range of the best conditions for the independent variables, it was possible to observe the tendency for better removal, a wide range of pd and values over 30 minutes for retention time.
De verhalen van ons leven
Authors: Delaere Patrick
Published: September 2018

The stories we live by: On narrative self-constitution and self-understanding

In spite of what Galen Strawson defends, it is claimed that a narrative attitude –  as a psychological fact – is of great use for self-reflective beings in making their experiences understandable and managing their lives. Secondly, there is doubt about the existence of what Marya Schechtman called a ‘narrative self’, i.e. a self that is constituted by the stories people tell about themselves. It is proposed to leave the constitution question aside and to choose, like Peter Goldie did before, for the ‘narrative sense of self’ as an anchor point when we want to understand how people think about their lives and themselves in narrative terms. Finally, it is disputed that narrative self-understanding would be impossible or should be banished to the world of fiction, as anti-narrativists contend. Although the life stories of people are inevitably perspectival and in essence contestable, they are always factual stories that can be true and false and thus play a significant role in better understanding ourselves and others.
‘Exotic commerce’, French universalism, and the disruption of white space in Paris’s ‘Little Africa’
Authors: Ann Benjamin Carrie
Published: September 2018

Paris’s working-class Château Rouge neighbourhood is popularly referred to as ‘Little Africa’ for its concentration of Afro-Caribbean shops, and derisively labelled an ‘enclave’ by politicians and white middle-class French residents who desire to replace the ‘exotic commerce’ with ‘traditional’ ‘French’ and ‘Parisian’ businesses. Urban spaces such as Château Rouge are thought to challenge French universalism, which simultaneously seeks to erase differences between French citizens and marks any attempt to distinguish individuals or groups from the universal French nation as disruptive. Drawing on interviews with residents and archival documents, I demonstrate how urban planning and social mix policies have shifted from a focus on residential mix to a desire for commercial mix following decades of urban renewal in the neighbourhood. I argue that gendered and racialised French republican discourse is reproduced through local municipal planning aimed at maintaining an ideal ‘mix’ of white and non-white populations.
An empirical model of nitric oxide in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere based on 12 years of Odin SMR measurements
Authors: Kiviranta Joonas , Pérot Kristell , Eriksson Patrick , Murtagh Donal
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by solar photolysis and auroral activity in the
upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere region and can, via transport
processes, eventually impact the ozone layer in the stratosphere. This work
uses measurements of NO taken between 2004 and 2016 by the Odin sub-millimeter radiometer (SMR) to build an empirical model that links the
prevailing solar and auroral conditions with the measured number density of
NO. The measurement data are averaged daily and sorted into altitude and
magnetic latitude bins. For each bin, a multivariate linear fit with five
inputs, the planetary K index, solar declination, and the F10.7 cm flux, as
well as two newly devised indices that take the planetary K index and the solar
declination as inputs in order to take NO created on previous days into
account, constitutes the link between environmental conditions and measured
NO. This results in a new empirical model, SANOMA, which only requires the
three indices to estimate NO between 85 and 115 km and between
80∘ S and 80∘ N in magnetic latitude. Furthermore, this work
compares the NO calculated with SANOMA and an older model, NOEM, with
measurements of the original SMR dataset, as well as measurements from four
other instruments: ACE, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, and SOFIE. The results suggest that
SANOMA can capture roughly 31 %–70 % of the variance of the measured
datasets near the magnetic poles, and between 16 % and 73 % near the
magnetic equator. The corresponding values for NOEM are 12 %–38 %
and 7 %–40 %, indicating that SANOMA captures more of the variance
of the measured datasets than NOEM. The simulated NO for these regions was on
average 20 % larger for SANOMA, and 78 % larger for NOEM, than the
measured NO. Two main reasons for SANOMA outperforming NOEM are identified.
Firstly, the input data (Odin SMR NO) for SANOMA span over 12 years, while
the input data for NOEM from the Student Nitric Oxide Experiment (SNOE) only
cover 1998–2000. Additionally, some of the improvement can be accredited to
the introduction of the two new indices, since they include information of
auroral activity on prior days that can significantly enhance the number
density of NO in the MLT during winter in the absence of sunlight. As a next
step, SANOMA could be used as input in chemical models, as a priori
information for the retrieval of NO from measurements, or as a tool to
compare Odin SMR NO with other instruments. SANOMA and accompanying scripts
are available on http://odin.rss.chalmers.se (last access: 15 September 2018).
Diel variation of mercury stable isotope ratios record photoreduction of PM2.5-bound mercury
Authors: Huang Qiang , Chen Jiubin , Huang Weilin , Reinfelder John R. , Fu Pingqing , Yuan Shengliu , Wang Zhongwei , Yuan Wei , Cai Hongming , Ren Hong , Sun Yele , He Li
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) bound to fine aerosols (PM2.5-Hg) may undergo photochemical reaction that causes isotopic fractionation and obscures the initial isotopic signatures. In this study, we quantified Hg isotopic compositions for 56 PM2.5 samples collected between Sept. 15th and Oct. 16th, 2015 from Beijing, China, among which 26 were collected during the daytime (between 8:00 a.m. and 6:30 p.m.) and 30 during night (between 7:00 p.m. and 7:30 a.m.). The results show that diel variation was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for Hg content, Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg, with Hg content during the daytime (0.32 ± 0.14 µg g−1) lower than at night (0.48 ± 0.24 µg g−1) and Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg values during the daytime (mean of 0.26 ‰ ± 0.40 ‰ and 0.09 ‰ ± 0.06 ‰, respectively) higher than during the nighttime (0.04 ‰ ± 0.22 ‰ and 0.06 ‰ ± 0.05 ‰, respectively), whereas PM2.5 concentrations and δ202Hg values showed insignificant (p > 0.05) diel variation. Geochemical characteristics of the samples and the air mass backward trajectories (PM2.5 source related) suggest that diel variation in Δ199Hg values resulted primarily from the photochemical reduction of divalent PM2.5-Hg, rather than variations in emission sources. The importance of photoreduction is supported by the strong correlations between Δ199Hg and: (i) Δ201Hg (positive, slope = 1.1), (ii) δ202Hg (positive, slope = 1.15), (iii) content of Hg in PM2.5 (negative), (iv) sunshine durations (positive), and (v) ozone concentration (positive) observed for consecutive day-night paired samples. Our results provide isotopic evidence that local, daily photochemical reduction of divalent Hg is of critical importance to the fate of PM2.5-Hg in urban atmospheres and that, in addition to variation in sources, photochemical reduction appears to be an important process that affects both the particle mass-specific abundance and isotopic composition of PM2.5-Hg.
Three-dimensional simulation of stratospheric gravitational
separation using the NIES global atmospheric tracer transport
model
Authors: Belikov Dmitry , Sugawara Satoshi , Ishidoya Shigeyuki , Hasebe Fumio , Maksyutov Shamil , Aoki Shuji , Morimoto Shinji , Nakazawa Takakiyo
Published: September 2018

Abstract. A three-dimensional simulation of gravitational separation, defined as the process of atmospheric molecule separation under gravity according to their molar masses, is performed for the first time in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. We analyze distributions of two isotopes with a small difference in molecular mass (13C16O2 (Mi = 45) and 12C16O2 (Mi = 44)) simulated by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) chemical transport model with a parameterization of molecular diffusion. The NIES model employs global reanalysis and an isentropic vertical coordinate and uses optimized CO2 fluxes. This study includes a comparison with measurements recorded by cryogenic balloon-borne samplers in the lower stratosphere and two-dimensional model simulations. The benefits of the NIES TM simulations are discussed. We investigate the processes affecting gravitational separation by a detailed estimation of terms in the molecular diffusion equation. At the same time, we study the age of air derived from the tracer distributions. We find a strong relationship between age of air and gravitational separation for the main climatic zones. The advantages and limitations of using age of air and gravitational separation as indicators of the variability in the stratosphere circulation are discussed.
Characterizing Wind Gusts in Complex Terrain
Authors: Letson Frederick , Barthelmie Rebecca J. , Hu Weifei , Pryor Sara C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Wind gusts are a key driver of aerodynamic loading, especially for tall structures such a bridges and wind turbines. However, gust characteristics in complex terrain are not well understood and common approximations used to describe wind gust behavior may not be appropriate at heights relevant to wind turbines and other structures. Data collected in the Perdigão experiment are analyzed herein to provide a foundation for improved wind gust characterization and process-level understanding of flow intermittency in complex terrain. High-resolution observations from sonic anemometers and vertically pointing Doppler lidars are used to conduct a detailed study of gust characteristics with a specific focus on the parent distributions of nine gust parameters (that describe velocity, time and length scales), their joint distributions, height variation and coherence in the vertical and horizontal planes. Best-fit distributional forms for varying gust properties show good agreement with those from previous experiments in moderately complex terrain but generate non-conservative estimates of the gust properties that are of key importance to structural loading. Probability distributions of gust magnitude derived from vertical pointing Doppler lidars exhibit good agreement with estimates from sonic anemometers despite differences arising from volumetric averaging and the terrain complexity. Wind speed coherence functions during gusty periods (which are important to structural wind loading) are similar to less complex sites for small vertical displacements (10 to 40 m), but do not exhibit an exponential form for larger horizontal displacements (800 to 1500 m).
Influence of the Earth's ring current strength on the Størmer's
allowed and forbidden regions of charged particles motion
Authors: Lavrukhin Alexander S. , Alexeev Igor I. , Tyutin Ilya V.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Størmer's particles' trapping regions for a planet with an intrinsic dipolar magnetic field are considered, taking into account the ring current which arises due to the trapped particles drift for the case of Earth. The influence of the ring current on the particles' trapping regions topology is investigated. It is shown that a critical strength of the ring current exists, under which further expansion of the trapping region is no longer possible. Before reaching this limit, the dipole field, although deformed, retains two separated Størmer regions. After transition of critical magnitude, the trapping region opens up and charged particles, which form the ring current, get the opportunity to leave it (go to infinity or come to the trapping region from infinity), thus decreasing the ring current strength. Numerical calculations have been performed for protons with typical energies of Earth's radiation belt and ring current. For the Earth case, the Dst index for the critical ring current strength is calculated.
Comparison of gravity wave propagation direction observed by
mesospheric airglow imaging at three different latitudes by using M-transform
Authors: Perwitasari Septi , Nakamura Takuji , Kogure Masaru , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Ejiri Mitsumu K. , Shiokawa Kazuo
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We have developed a user-friendly software based on Matsuda et al. (2014) 3D-FFT method (M-Transform) for airglow imaging data analysis, as a function on Interactive Data Language (IDL), in which users can customize the range of wave parameters to process when executing the program. Input of this function is 3D array of a time series of 2D airglow image in geographical coordinate. We have applied this new function to mesospheric airglow imaging data with slightly different observation parameters obtained for the period of April-May at three different latitudes; Syowa Station, the Antarctic (69° S, 40° E), Shigaraki, Japan (35° N, 136° E), and Tomohon, Indonesia (1° N, 122° E). Day-to-day variation of phase velocity spectrum at Syowa Station was smaller and propagation direction was mainly westward. At Shigaraki, the day-to-day variation of horizontal propagation direction was larger than at Syowa Station, and the variation at Tomohon was even larger. At Tomohon variation of nightly power spectrum magnitude was remarkable, which suggests intermittency of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs). The average of nightly spectrum in April–May showed that at Syowa Station dominant propagation was westward with phase speed <50 m/s, and at Shigaraki east/south-eastward propagation with phase speed up to ~80 m/s was prevailing. A Tomohon, day-to-day variation was too strong to discuss about average characteristics, however it showed a phase speed up to ~100 m/s and faster. The corresponding background wind profiles derived from MERRA-2 indicated that at Syowa Station, wind filtering played significant role in filtering out waves propagated eastward. On the other hand, at Shigaraki and Tomohon, the background winds were not strong enough to filter out the relatively high speed AGWs and that the dominant propagation direction was likely more related to the distribution/characteristic of the source region, at least in April and May.
PPP-based Swarm kinematic orbit determination
Authors: Ren Le , Schön Steffen
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Swarm mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) offers excellent opportunities to study the ionosphere
and to provide temporal gravity field information for the gap between the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
(GRACE)
and its follow-on mission (GRACE-FO). In order to contribute to these studies, at the Institut für Erdmessung (IfE) Hannover, a
software based on precise point positioning (PPP) batch least-squares
adjustment is developed for kinematic orbit determination. In this paper, the
main achievements are presented. The approach for the detection and repair of cycle slips caused by
ionospheric scintillation is introduced, which is based on the
Melbourne–Wübbena and ionosphere-free linear combination. The results show
that around 95 % of cycle slips can be repaired and the majority of the
cycle slips occur on L2. After the analysis and careful preprocessing of
the observations, 1-year kinematic orbits of Swarm satellites from
September 2015 to August 2016 are computed with the PPP approach. The
kinematic orbits are validated with the reduced-dynamic orbits published by
the
ESA in the Swarm Level 2 products and SLR measurements. The differences between
IfE kinematic orbits and ESA reduced-dynamic orbits are at the 1.5, 1.5 and
2.5 cm level in the along-track, cross-track and radial directions,
respectively. Remaining systematics are characterized by spectral analyses,
showing once-per-revolution period. The external validation with SLR
measurements shows RMSEs at the 4 cm level. Finally, fully populated
covariance matrices of the kinematic orbits obtained from the least-squares
adjustment with 30, 10 and 1 s data rate are discussed. It is shown that for
data rates larger than 10 s, the correlation between satellite positions
should be taken into account, for example, for the recovery of gravity field
from kinematic orbits.
Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: A synthesis
Authors: Fennel Katja , Alin Simone , Barbero Leticia , Evans Wiley , Bourgeois Timotheé , Cooley Sarah , Dunne John , Feely Richard A. , Hernandez-Ayon Jose Martin , Hu Xinping , Lohrenz Steven , Muller-Karger Frank , Najjar Raymond , Robbins Lisa , Shadwick Elizabeth , Siedlecki Samantha , Steiner Nadja , Sutton Adrienne , Turk Daniela , Vlahos Penny , Wang Zhaohui Aleck
Published: September 2018

Abstract. A quantification of carbon fluxes in the coastal ocean and across its boundaries, specifically the air-sea, land-to-coastal-ocean and coastal-to-open-ocean interfaces, is important for assessing the current state and projecting future trends in ocean carbon uptake and coastal ocean acidification, but is currently a missing component of global carbon budgeting. This synthesis reviews recent progress in characterizing these carbon fluxes with focus on the North American coastal ocean. Several observing networks and high-resolution regional models are now available. Recent efforts have focused primarily on quantifying net air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2). Some studies have estimated other key fluxes, such as the exchange of organic and inorganic carbon between shelves and the open ocean. Available estimates of air-sea CO2 flux, informed by more than a decade of observations, indicate that the North American margins act as a net sink for atmospheric CO2. This net uptake is driven primarily by the high-latitude regions. The estimated magnitude of the net flux is 160 ± 80 Tg C/y for the North American Exclusive Economic Zone, a number that is not well constrained. The increasing concentration of inorganic carbon in coastal and open-ocean waters leads to ocean acidification. As a result conditions favouring dissolution of calcium carbonate occur regularly in subsurface coastal waters in the Arctic, which are naturally prone to low pH, and the North Pacific, where upwelling of deep, carbon-rich waters has intensified and, in combination with the uptake of anthropogenic carbon, leads to low seawater pH and aragonite saturation states during the upwelling season. Expanded monitoring and extension of existing model capabilities are required to provide more reliable coastal carbon budgets, projections of future states of the coastal ocean, and quantification of anthropogenic carbon contributions.
Rapid recovery of Ediacaran oceans in the aftermath of the
Marinoan glaciation
Authors: Dosseto Anthony , Taylor Holly L. , Farkaš Juraj , Cox Grant M. , Kingston Andrew , Lorrey Andrew , Corrick Alexander J. , Shen Bing
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The termination of Cryogenian glaciations would have undoubtedly impacted the chemistry of Neoproterozoic oceans, with possible consequences for life; but the extent and duration of this impact are poorly constrained. In this study, we use the lithium (Li) isotope composition of Ediacaran cap dolostones from South Australia (Nuccaleena Formation) and China (Doushantuo Fm) to investigate changes in ocean chemistry that followed the Marinoan deglaciation. The effect of diagenesis was evaluated and while the Nuccaleena Fm is likely to have preserved the primary composition of cap dolostone deposition, the offset in Li isotope ratios observed for the Doushantuo Fm could possibly reflect partial overprinting by diagenetic fluids. The Li isotope composition of Ediacaran seawater was estimated and we suggest it was similar to that of late Cenozoic oceans for most of the cap dolostone deposition. Using a box model for the oceanic Li cycle, we show that at the onset of deglaciation, the supply of riverine Li to the oceans was up to 50 times the modern flux. The modelled riverine Li isotope composition suggests that continents resembled modern high-latitude regions during this time. This episode was short-lived (up to 1 Myr) and the subsequent supply of riverine Li was similar to modern conditions, both in flux and isotope composition, for the whole duration of cap dolostone deposition. These results suggest that Ediacaran oceans and continents rapidly recovered from the Marinoan glaciation to reach environmental conditions similar to the late Cenozoic. From the standpoint of the Li oceanic budget, the Ediacaran oceans in which complex lifeforms emerged may have not been that different from our modern oceans.
Human influence on European winter wind storms such as those of January 2018
Authors: Vautard Robert , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , Otto Friederike E. L. , Yiou Pascal , de Vries Hylke , van Meijgaard Erik , Stepek Andrew , Soubeyroux Jean-Michel , Philip Sjoukje , Kew Sarah F. , Costella Cecilia , Singh Roop , Tebaldi Claudia
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Several major storms pounded Western Europe in January 2018, generating large damages and casualties. The two most impactful ones, Eleanor and Friederike, are analyzed here in the context of climate change. Near surface wind speed station observations exhibit a decreasing trend of the frequency of strong winds associated with such storms. High-resolution regional climate models on the other hand show no trend up to now and a small increase in the future due to climate change. This shows that that factors other than climate change, which are not represented (well) in the climate models, caused the observed decline in storminess over land. A large part is probably due to increases in surface roughness, as shown for a small set of stations covering The Netherlands and in previous studies. This trend could therefore be independent from climate evolution. We concluded that human-induced climate change has had so far no significant influence on storms like the two studied. However, all simulations indicate that global warming could lead to a marginal increase (0–20 %) of the probability of extreme hourly winds until the middle of the century, consistent with previous modelling studies. However, this excludes other factors, such as roughness, aerosols, and decadal variability, which have up to now caused a much larger negative trend. Until these factors are simulated well by climate models they cannot give credible projections of future storminess over land in Europe.
September Arctic Sea Ice minimum prediction – a new skillful statistical approach
Authors: Ionita Monica , Grosfeld Klaus , Scholz Patrick , Treffeisen Renate , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Sea ice in both Polar Regions is an important indicator for the expression of global climate change and its polar amplification. Consequently, a broad interest exists on sea ice coverage, variability and long term change. However, its predictability is complex and it depends on various atmospheric and oceanic parameters. In order to provide insights into the potential development of a monthly/seasonal signal of sea ice evolution, we developed a robust statistical model based on oceanic and different atmospheric variables to calculate an estimate of the September sea ice extent (SSIE) on monthly time scale. Although previous statistical attempts of monthly/seasonal SSIE forecasts show a relatively reduced skill, when the trend is removed, we show here that the September sea ice extent has a high predictive skill, up to 4 months ahead, based on previous months' atmospheric and oceanic conditions. Our statistical model skillfully captures the interannual variability of the SSIE and could provide a valuable tool for identifying relevant regions and atmospheric parameters that are important for the sea ice development in the Arctic and for detecting sensitive and critical regions in global coupled climate models with focus on sea ice formation.
Two multi-temporal datasets to track the enhanced landsliding after
the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Fan Xuanmei , Scaringi Gianvito , Yang Fan , Domènech Guillem , Guo Xiaojun , Dai Lanxin , He Chaoyang , Xu Qiang , Huang Runqiu
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We release two datasets that track the enhanced landsliding induced by the Mw 7.9 2008 Wenchuan earthquake over a portion of the Longmen mountains, at the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau (Sichuan, China). The first dataset is a geo-referenced multi-temporal polygon-based inventory of pre- and coseismic landslides, post-seismic remobilisations of coseismic landslide debris, and post-seismic landslides (new failures). The inventory covers 462.5 km2 in the earthquake's epicentral area, from 2005 to 2015. The second dataset records the debris flows that occurred from 2008 to 2017 in a larger area (~ 17,000 km2), together with information on their triggering rainfalls recorded by a network of rain gauges. For some well-monitored event, we provide detailed information on rainfall, discharge, flow depth and density. The datasets can be used to analyse, at various scales, the patterns of enhanced landsliding caused by the earthquake. They can be compared to inventories relative to past or new earthquakes or other triggers to reveal common or distinctive controlling factors. To our knowledge, no other inventories that track the temporal evolution of earthquake-induced mass wasting have been made freely available thus far. Our datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1405490. We also encourage other researchers to share their datasets to facilitate research on post-seismic geological hazards.