bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of modified Mallampati test with and without phonation for prediction of difficult laryngoscopy and intubation among adult surgical patients: cross-sectional study
Authors: Yirga Samson , Samuel Hirbo , Markos Zekarias , Yohannes Wontagab
Published: December 2024

Background:

The modified Mallampati test (MMT) is one of the most widely used airway assessment tests, for predicting laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation difficulty. The MMT without phonation is routinely performed, but its specificity in identifying easy intubation is controversial. This study aimed to compare the MMT with and without phonation in predicting difficult laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in adult elective surgical patients who underwent general anesthesia.

Materials and methods:

An institution-based cross-sectional study was performed on 258 adult elective surgical patients who required tracheal intubation. A systemic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants, and the MMT, with and without phonation, was performed during the preoperative assessment. A laryngoscopic view was recorded at the time of tracheal intubation and classified as easy or difficult for tracheal intubation. The collected data were entered into Epi-info and analyzed using the statistics package of social science software version 26. Statistical significance was defined as a P value of less than 0.05. This study used specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values as the statistical measures.

Results:

The prevalence of laryngoscopy and intubation difficulties was observed to be 13.6% and 10.5%, respectively. MMT conducted without phonation had the higher sensitivity for predicting difficult laryngoscopy and intubation, than MMT with phonation. But MMT performed with phonation had higher specificity for identifying easy intubation, than MMT without phonation.

Conclusion:

The MMT with phonation has higher accuracy, specificity, and positive predictive value for difficult laryngoscopy and intubation than the non-phonation approach. MMT combined with phonation can be used as an alternative assessment tool to predict difficult airways.
Use of ultrasonic bone dissector in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis involving the cervical spine
Authors: Scalia Gianluca , Giuffrida Massimiliano , Ponzo Giancarlo , Furnari Massimo , Chaurasia Bipin , Umana Giuseppe E. , Nicoletti Giovanni F.
Published: December 2024

Introduction and importance

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), or Forestier’s disease, is characterized by ligament and enthesis calcification, mainly in the thoracic spine. Cervical involvement can cause dysphagia due to soft tissue compression, necessitating surgical intervention when conservative measures fail. We assess the efficacy of anterior cervical osteophytectomy with an ultrasonic bone dissector in relieving symptoms and improving outcomes.

Case presentation

A 73-year-old male presented with progressive neck pain and dysphagia caused by DISH in the cervical spine. Conservative treatment was ineffective, requiring anterior cervical osteophytectomy using an ultrasonic bone dissector. Postoperative imaging confirmed spinal cord decompression, and the patient experienced significant symptom relief. The ultrasonic bone dissector enabled precise bone resection, facilitating resolution of dysphagia and improving quality of life.

Clinical discussion

This case highlights the effectiveness of ultrasonic bone dissection for cervical DISH. The device ensures precise bone removal with minimal soft tissue trauma, reducing complications and promoting recovery. While initial outcomes are promising, long-term studies are needed to compare this method with other interventions.

Conclusion

Surgical intervention, particularly anterior cervical osteophytectomy with ultrasonic bone dissection, is effective when conservative treatments fail. Advanced surgical techniques improve patient outcomes and warrant further investigation to establish their role in managing cervical DISH.
Trends in complications of cardiac and vascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts mortality rate in the United States (1999–2020)
Authors: Rahman Hafsah Alim Ur , Salman Afia , Fahim Muhammad Ahmed Ali , Moeed Abdul , Hasibuzzaman Md. Al
Published: December 2024

To analyze mortality rates due to complications of cardiac and vascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts in the United States, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes were used on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database to retrieve death certificate data between the years 1999 and 2020 for patients aged 55 and above. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs), per 100 000 people, and annual percentage change along with their respective 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. Complications of cardiac and vascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts were responsible for 91 539 deaths among adults aged 55 years and older. The overall AAMR decreased from 9.2 in 1999 to 3.4 in 2020. AAMRs for men were higher than for women (overall AAMR men: 7.5; women: 4.5). Stratifying patients according to race the order of AAMRs from highest to lowest was as follows: non-Hispanic Black or African American (6.8), NH White: (5.9), NH American Indian or Alaska Native (5.7), Hispanic or Latino (4.0) and lastly NH Asian or Pacific Islander (3.2). State wise the top 90th percentile states with regard to mortality included West Virginia, South Carolina, Mississippi, North Dakota, and Alabama. In census regions the South had the highest AAMR (6.2) followed by the Midwest (6.0), the Northeast (5.4), and the West (5.1) with nonmetropolitan areas having higher AAMRs (7.0) than metropolitan areas (5.4). Further research and a more individualized pattern of treatment of older patients are necessary moving forward.
Anterior chamber and retropupillary iris-claw intar ocular lens fixation comparison of clinical outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Moghib Khaled , Salomon Izere , Abdelglel Yasmeen , Amer Samr A. , Salah Ammar , Batarseh Suhel F. , Abbas Nagham Bushara , Hassan Amr K.
Published: December 2024

Background:

In cataract surgery, optimal intraocular lens (IOL) placement is typically within the capsular bag. However, in the absence of sufficient capsular support, alternative techniques such as scleral-sutured IOLs, anterior chamber IOLs, and iris-fixated IOLs either in the anterior chamber or retropupillary are employed. The choice between these methods depends on factors like surgeon expertise, patient-specific anatomy, and clinical circumstances, with anterior chamber iris-claw IOLs offering a more straightforward approach and retropupillary techniques potentially providing additional benefits requiring advanced skills.

Objective:

This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of anterior chamber versus retropupillary iris-claw IOLs fixation.

Methods:

Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Central, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until May 2024. These searches focused on specific terms related to the methods, and data were extracted using a standardized online sheet.

Results:

The review encompassed nine studies, including two randomized control trials (RCTs) and seven observational studies (Cohort and case controls). A total of 714 patients were evaluated, comprising 295 females (41.3%) and 419 males (58.7%), with a mean age of 60.11 years (SD = 10.22).

Conclusion:

The studies underscore the ongoing debate regarding the optimal surgical approach for IOL implantation in cases of insufficient capsular support. Both anterior chamber and retropupillary techniques demonstrates efficacy, with the latter offering potential advantages through retropupillary iris-claw IOL implantation via scleral approach. However, larger-scale studies with longer follow-up periods are still needed to definitively establish the relative merits of the different procedures.
Management of a cauda equina syndrome in a 24 years old military person: a case report
Authors: Poudel Sabin , Adhikari Samikshya , Pokharel Aashutosh , Mishra Anup , Pratik Mrigank
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare condition that arises due to various underlying conditions and comprises pentad back pain, saddle anesthesia, bowel bladder disorder, sensory and motor dysfunction, and sexual dysfunction.

Case presentations:

The authors hereby present a case of CES in a 24 years old military person who was actively involved in exercise and heavy weight lifting. He was received at the emergency department with symptoms of low back pain with bladder and bowel incontinence, diagnosis of CES was made based on history, clinical examination, and radiological assessments. He was treated under expert surveillance. After the initial treatment he was admitted in the ward for almost a month due to intolerable low back pain. However currently he is showing good signs of recovery in 6 months follow-up.

Clinical discussion:

Early diagnosis of CES is likely to be beneficial as it helps delay deterioration, prevents further complications and improve the quality of life of patients but the diagnosis of this syndrome is usually delayed due to unavailability of diagnostic facilities in every health care center. So, assessment of this syndrome should be made among patient presenting with suggestive symptoms for timely diagnosis and better outcome.

Conclusion:

CES is a surgical emergency requiring early diagnosis and early intervention to prevent further complications.
Ectopic ureter presenting as a scrotal fistula associated with unilateral atrophic kidney: a rare case report
Authors: Gyawali Sushil , Gyawali Sushila , Neupane Subita , Koirala Dinesh Prasad , Dahal Geharaj
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

An ectopic ureter is the one that reaches any place other than the trigone in the bladder, in the bladder neck or distal to it and is often associated with a single or duplicated collecting system, associated with renal dysplasia and obstruction. Ectopic ureter opening into the scrotal base as urocutaneous fistula is a rare finding.

Case presentation:

A 14 years old male child presented with intermittent serous discharge from the base of scrotum for 2 months, and unilateral scrotal swelling for 1 week. On evaluation of the condition as scrotal sinus, the X-ray fistulogram and micturating cystourethrogram suggested to be urocutaneous fistula, later confirmed with computed tomography of abdomen and pelvis to be right ectopic ureter opening into scrotum associated with hypoplastic right kidney. The patient underwent open excision of ectopic ureter with right nephrectomy. The histopathological report also confirmed our diagnosis.

Discussion:

An ectopic ureter, a congenital anomaly, may open anywhere from the bladder neck to the perineum and into the vagina, uterus and even the rectum; however commonly in posterior urethra, seminal vesicle, prostatic utricle, and ejaculatory duct in boys. Scrotum is an unusual site for single right ectopic ureter opening, as presented in our case. For this urocutaneous fistula associated with non-functioning atrophic right kidney, the complete removal of the right kidney and ectopic ureter was performed.

Conclusion:

Ectopic ureter can present rarely as scrotal fistula. Although difficult to diagnose, early suspicion of ectopic ureter in symptomatic pediatric age group with proper imaging modality can help to evaluate the disease condition, help in timely treatment and decrease the morbidity.
Surgical decision-making in the digital age: the role of telemedicine – a narrative review
Authors: Parveen Shehla , Amjad Maryam , Rauf Sameer Abdul , Arbab Shahdil , Jamalvi Syed Abdan , Saleem Shah Emaad-Ur-Rehman , Ali Syed Khizar , Bai Jaiwanti , Mustansir Maria , Danish Fnu , Khalil Muhammad Asif , Haque Md Ariful
Published: December 2024

This narrative review delves into the transformative role of telemedicine in the realm of surgical decision-making. Telemedicine, a significant innovation in healthcare services, leverages electronic information and communication technologies to provide healthcare services when distance separates the participants. It addresses the challenges of increased healthcare demands, an aging population, and budget constraints. Telemedicine technologies are employed for pre- and postoperative consultations, monitoring, and international surgical teleconferencing and education. They enhance healthcare access, particularly in remote areas, and facilitate knowledge sharing among healthcare professionals. The review also provides a historical context and discusses the technological advancements in telemedicine, including the rise of digital health technologies and the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in healthcare. It delves into the details of telemedicine technologies such as telesurgery, telerobotics, telepathology, teleimaging, remote patient monitoring, and virtual and augmented reality. Despite the numerous benefits, the implementation of telemedicine is often hindered by various complex and diverse ethical and legal concerns, including privacy and data security. The review highlights the need for further evidence on health outcomes and cost savings, bridging the digital divide, and enacting policies to support telemedicine reimbursement. It also emphasizes the need for incorporating telemedicine modules in medical education. It recommends that policy-making bodies consider utilizing telemedicine to address healthcare coverage gaps, particularly in rural areas.
Assessment of the levels of resistance ofTropilaelaps mercedesaeto a variety of synthetic miticide
Authors: Gill Maggie C , Chuttong Bajaree , Davies Paul , Earl Avril , Tonge George , Etheridge Dan
Published: December 2024

The introduction of the western honey bee Apis mellifera to Asia has seen the parasitic mitesVarroadestructor andTropilaelapsspp. transfer from their native Asian honey bee hosts (Apis cerana and Apis dorsata respectively) to infest the brood of A. mellifera causing significant damage to colonies and colony losses.T. mercedesaewas recently detected in Europe for the first time in A. mellifera colonies and is considered a more damaging parasite of A. mellifera thanVarroa. Beekeepers rely heavily on the use of synthetic miticides and organic chemicals to controlVarroaandTropilaelapswhich has resulted inVarroadeveloping resistance to many synthetic miticides and these treatments becoming less effective. Less is known about chemical resistance inTropilaelapsas no study has been undertaken that specifically looks at this issue, but there is evidence to suggest thatTropilaelapsdo have resistance to chemicals such as Amitraz, Coumaphos, Flumethrin and Fluvalinate. The use of synthetic miticides is widely recommended for surveillance and detection ofTropilaelapsand this recommendation forms a part of the contingency response of several government agencies. The study developed a novel chemical resistance test forTropilaelapsand sought to test the efficacy of commercially available synthetic miticides and found that mites were resistant to all the synthetic chemical treatments tested apart from Amitraz which was shown to be 64% effective. Understanding and managing miticide resistance in this species is critical to prevent its further spread and colony losses.
Neonatal systemic gene therapy restores cardiorespiratory function in a rat model of Pompe disease
Authors: Fuller David D. , Rana Sabhya , Thakre Prajwal , Benevides Ethan , Pope Megan , Todd Adrian G. , Jensen Victoria N. , Vaught Lauren , Cloutier Denise , Ribas Roberto A. , Larson Reece C. , Gentry Matthew S. , Sun Ramon C. , Chandran Vijay , Corti Manuela , Falk Darin J. , Byrne Barry J.
Published: December 2024

Absence of functional acid-α-glucosidase (GAA) leads to early-onset Pompe disease with cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular failure. A novel Pompe rat model (Gaa-/-) was used to test the hypothesis that neonatal gene therapy with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) restores cardiorespiratory neuromuscular function across the lifespan. Temporal vein administration of AAV9-DES-GAA or sham (saline) injection was done on post-natal day 1; rats were studied at 6-12 months old. Whole-body plethysmography showed that reduced inspiratory tidal volumes inGaa-/-rats were corrected by AAV-GAA treatment. Matrix- assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI) revealed that AAV-GAA treatment normalized diaphragm muscle glycogen as well as glycans. Neurophysiological recordings of phrenic nerve output and immunohistochemical evaluation of the cervical spinal cord indicated a neurologic benefit of AAV-GAA treatment.In vivomagnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that impaired cardiac volumes inGaa-/-rats were corrected by AAV-GAA treatment. Biochemical assays showed that AAV treatment increased GAA activity in the heart, diaphragm, quadriceps and spinal cord. We conclude that neonatal AAV9-DES-GAA therapy drives sustained, functional GAA expression and improved cardiorespiratory function in theGaa-/-rat model of Pompe disease.
Change in mental health trends in Scotland, UK pre- and post-COVID-19
Authors: Cooke Elizabeth A. , Lemanska Agnieszka , Thomas Spencer A.
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdowns have had profound impacts on population mental health in Scotland. In this study, we examine the impact on the relationship between the number of patients receiving in-patient care for mental health related diagnoses and the number of patients on waiting lists for mental health treatment. Prior to March 2020, increased waiting lists did not translate into an increase in hospital admissions. Post-March 2020, however, we found that more patients on waiting lists corresponded to more patients being hospitalised. Our analysis indicates that the relationship between waiting lists and in-patient treatment changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and this may be contributing to additional pressures on hospitals and mental health services in Scotland.
Characteristics of effective interventions to optimise retention for early career nurses: a scoping review
Authors: White Krishangi , Goldsworthy Adrian , Bateup Sarah , Meigh Neil
Published: December 2024

Background

Nursing shortages, driven by high turnover rates among early career registered nurses (ECNs), present a critical global challenge, threatening workforce sustainability, compromising patient care quality, and imposing financial burdens on healthcare systems. While various interventions have been developed to improve retention, gaps in reporting, scalability, and long-term evaluation hinder their widespread adoption. This review applies Proctor et al.’s implementation science framework to evaluate the design and operationalisation of retention strategies, addressing existing gaps and identifying actionable insights.

Objective

This scoping review synthesises evidence on the characteristics of effective interventions designed to enhance retention and reduce turnover among ECNs.

Inclusion criteria

This review included studies evaluating interventions aimed at improving retention or reducing turnover of ECNs within the first five years of practice. Eligible studies presented original data or systematic reviews addressing intervention characteristics and outcomes.

Methods

The review adhered to the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Systematic searches of Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were conducted in May 2024. Articles published in English were screened independently by two reviewers, with data extraction and synthesis guided by Proctor et al.’s implementation science framework. Results were synthesised narratively and presented in tabular formats.

Results

From 3,462 records, 21 studies met inclusion criteria. Interventions varied widely, including mentorship (n = 9), preceptorship (n = 8), in-person classes (n = 10), clinical simulations (n = 6), reflective practice, and career advancement programs. Program durations ranged from 8 weeks to 2 years, with one year being the most common. Factors associated with success included tailored content for ECNs, structured competency frameworks, mentor training, and integration into organisational leadership and culture. Challenges such as variable reporting standards and inconsistent evaluation methods were noted.

Conclusions

Effective retention strategies for ECNs require structured, supportive, and competency-based interventions tailored to organisational and individual needs. Emphasising mentor preparation, career development, and specialised approaches for high-stress environments, such as critical care, can enhance program outcomes. Improved reporting standards and methodological rigour are necessary to scale and adapt these programs across healthcare systems, ultimately contributing to a more stable and resilient nursing workforce.
Partitioning and probe-based quantitative PCR assays for the wastewater monitoring ofMycobacterium tuberculosisComplex,M. tuberculosis, andM. Bovis
Authors: Nguyen Tram B. , Mercier Elisabeth , Wong Chandler H. , Hegazy Nada , Kabir Md Pervez , Tomalty Emma , Addo Felix , Ward Leonor , Renouf Elizabeth , Wan Shen , Tcholakov Yassen , Guilherme Stéphanie , Delatolla Robert
Published: December 2024

Three new probe-based quantitative PCR assays were designed based on Chaeet al. (2017),Pérez-Osorio et al.(2012), and Saleset al. (2012) to quantitateMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (MTBC) species,M. tuberculosis(MTB), andM. bovis(MB) in wastewater targeting genomic regionsrv0577,RD9, and the deletion of RD4, respectively. The assays were validated for specificity using four Mycobacterial species, including two MTBC species and two non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria species, and endogenous wastewater samples from Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Mumbai, India, and a remote Northern Indigenous community in Nunangat with known ongoing tuberculosis cases or outbreaks. The three assays demonstrate high sensitivity and are suitable for use in wastewater. Partitioning experiments performed on endogenous MTBC and MTB in collected wastewaters from Mumbai, India with known tuberculosis outbreaks show that the targeted genomic regions ofrv0577(MTBC) and RD9 (MTB) used to quantitate human tuberculosis infection predominately partition to solids fraction of wastewaters. The partitioning results of this study, in combination with the presented probe-based PCR assays, provide guidance on how to best enrich wastewaters and rapidly and economically quantify tuberculosis with high specificity and sensitivity in wastewaters.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The early development of a combined micro- and full-field X-ray fluorescence analysis system using white X-rays at PLS-II
Authors: Kim Min Woo , Ahn Kangwoo , Lee Chang Hun , Kim Tae Joo , Kim JongYul , Han Min-Su , Mo Hyeong Uk , Kim Jina , Park Hyun Wook , Kwak Ho Jae , Kim Jong Hyun
Published: December 2024

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is widely used to analyze elemental distributions in samples. Micro-XRF (µ-XRF), the most basic conventional XRF technique, offers good spatial resolution through precise 2D scanning with a micrometre-sized X-ray source. Recently, synchrotron based XRF analysis platforms have achieved nano-XRF with highly focused X-rays using polycapillary optics or mirrors, leveraging the excellent coherence of synchrotron radiation. However, XRF techniques are hindered by long data acquisition times (exceeding several hours) due to their point-by-point scanning approach, impeding large-area elemental mapping. Full-field XRF (FF-XRF), developed in the 2010s and based on the high brilliance of synchrotron X-rays, enables significantly shorter (less than a few minutes) data acquisition times via single-exposure imaging using a 2D X-ray detector. Nevertheless, it is constrained by relatively low spatial resolution and sensitivity. Hence, a new XRF platform is required to accommodate resolution demands to cover diverse experimental purposes. In this study, we developed a preliminary model of a novel XRF system that combines micro- and full-field XRF setups to address these limitations. This system allows easy mode switching while maintaining the region of interest of the imaging system within a single apparatus, simply by rotating the sample to face either detector depending on research purposes. We anticipate that this new XRF system will be widely utilized in various research fields as the initial XRF setup at Pohang Light Source-II.
The role of hedonic liking of new food on emotions: a laboratory study on insect snacks with young Italian participants
Authors: Proi Migena , Di Mattia Carla , Sacchetti Giampiero , Battista Natalia , Cozzolino Silvia , Nucci Pierluigi , Serafini Mauro , Perito Maria Angela
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the relationship between the hedonic pleasure of trying new food and emotional responses to insect-based bakery products.

Design/methodology/approach

A laboratory tasting was conducted with 131 Italian high school students in the province of Teramo (Italy). Participants completed a questionnaire to assess their general hedonic liking of new food and ranked the intensity of negative and positive emotions after tasting the food products.

Findings

The findings show that general hedonic liking of new food significantly influences both negative and positive emotions. In the case of negative emotions, individuals who declared to like trying new food were more likely to experience lower levels of disgust, fearful, worry and distrustful. Meanwhile, in the case of positive emotions, individuals who liked trying new food had a greater probability of feeling higher levels of calm, energy, enthusiasm and contentment. We further found that women were more likely to experience negative emotions (i.e. disgust, fearful and worry) to a higher extent than men.

Practical implications

The results add useful information about food and marketing research by showing which emotions should be encouraged or avoided in the case of consumers with different degrees of liking new food.

Originality/value

This study is the first to assess how hedonic liking impacts emotions in the case of an insect-based food.
Corporate social responsibility and sustainable development goals in higher education: a literature review from 2014 to 2023
Authors: Gallardo-Vázquez Dolores , Sánchez-Domínguez Juan de la Cruz , Valdez-Juárez Luis Enrique
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the sustainable development goals (SDGs) have multiple interactions with higher education institutions (HEIs), and CSR strategies present a remarkable importance for companies and society, being necessary for universities to provide teaching and research within this topic. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the practical implications of the implementation of sustainability concepts in HEIs and, by extension, in society.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample formed by papers obtained from WoS (Web of Science) and Scopus databases was used (34 papers from WoS and 30 papers from Scopus). Both bibliometric and content analysis were performed to better understand the main characteristics of the sample, such as the most prolific countries and universities, as well as the main practical implications of each of the 64 papers analyzed.

Findings

The findings show the state of the art of the literature about sustainability and responsible management education published between 2014 and 2023. This paper also reports results like the most prolific authors and universities, the most cited papers and authors and the yearly production of papers, among other data. Implementing CSR and sustainability courses in HEIs curricula has a plurality of practical implications for businesses, the academic institutions and for society.

Research limitations/implications

The sample is limited because it is formed of papers written in English only, and that affects the productivity figures of both Spanish and Latin American universities. Having used a single piece of software for bibliometric analysis also limits the scope and depth of the results.

Practical implications

By analyzing a sample of 64 papers with different practical implications, this paper offers important data and practical ideas for HEIs to implement sustainability and responsible management education in their curricula, as well as of University Social Responsibility (USR) practices implementation. The paper also offers some insight into practical experiences with sustainability education for both undergraduate and graduate students, as well as advice for policymakers.

Originality/value

The paper’s originality and value are trifold: First, it links CSR and the SDGs with HEIs. Second, it combines a bibliometric analysis with a content analysis, creating added value for the research. And third, this paper studies the effect of the impact of CSR both in HEIs and in society.
The organizational consultant’s role in school improvement
Authors: Amossi Heli , Tubin Dorit
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The involvement of organizational development (OD) consultants in schools has become widespread in recent years. In Israel, their presence increased in the past 2 decades when the Ministry of Education encouraged their entry as support for the self-management reform and improvement of failing schools. Despite accumulated experience and the research literature, little is known about their work patterns and how they contribute to school improvement. Therefore, our main research question is what they do and how their actions contribute to the school. We investigated this question based on an innovative conceptual framework that combines the focus of organizational intervention (individual, group and organization) and professional skills (diagnosis, intervention and inference).

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 Israeli OD consultants, and content analysis revealed a total of 86 consulting events.

Findings

The findings of this study show significant events at individual and group levels, and only a few at the organization level. It was also found that while all the events focused on intervention, very few presented the professional skills of diagnosis and inference. We conclude that while the involvement of OD consultants in schools might contribute to immediate relief for the educational staff and to the symbolic appearance of rational management, their contribution to school improvement is still uncertain. Further theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Originality/value

The conceptual framework of organizational level and professional skills bridges the gap between organizational development goals and the professional skills needed to implement these goals, indicating areas that require further theoretical and practical development.
Impact of social capital on business performance women entrepreneurs in the food sector: the moderating role of national culture
Authors: Paul Saima , Amin Faseeh
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The role of women entrepreneurs in the food industry is becoming increasingly significant, as this sector is dynamic and competitive. This study seeks to enhance theoretical comprehension by assessing the role of social capital on business performance through mediating role of network resources and moderating role of national culture.

Design/methodology/approach

The researchers have employed a cross-sectional causal design for this analysis. This research methodology enables us to examine the intricate interrelationships among several variables in the domain of female entrepreneurs in the food industry. The study included 403 female entrepreneurs actively engaged in the food industry.

Findings

The results indicate that a firm's internal and external social capital investments positively influence network resource acquisition. In addition, network resource acquisition positively affects business performance in women-led food enterprises and mediates the relationship between social capital and business performance. Moreover, national culture moderates the association between social capital and business performance.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited by its narrow focus on the food sector industry and its restriction to the geographic location of India, hence reducing its generalizability.

Originality/value

This study significantly contributes to the existing body of knowledge in entrepreneurship and social network research. This study deviates from previous research by introducing a strategic intermediate variable called network resource acquisition between social capital and business performance. Moreover, the moderating role of national culture, which has been understudied in previous works, has also been examined in the proposed research framework.
Navigating the change: exploring emotions, psychological safety and organizational support in the transition to home working – insights from the MENA region
Authors: Serhan Carole , Abdo Roger , Iskandar Dia , Gharib Michel
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore emotions, psychological safety and organizational support in the workplace when transitioning from office to home-based work. By providing detailed descriptions of emotional reactions to this change, the study examines how organizational support might influence employees’ sense of psychological safety.

Design/methodology/approach

To analyze the data, a qualitative data analysis was applied through using thematic coding. Data were collected by conducting structured telephone interviews with participants. These interviews included open-ended questions. Employees from both public and private companies in the MENA region were invited to take part in the study. The participants included full-time, part-time and contractual employees from different industries. In total, 112 participants were included in the final sample.

Findings

The results indicate that when workplaces change, emotions are triggered by comparing oneself to others and having the necessary socioemotional resources. Employees’ emotional reactions are influenced by how they perceive organizational support, which affects their psychological safety. Specifically, comparing to colleagues in lower positions activates emotions like pride, empathy and support (downward social comparison emotion), while comparing to top management decisions elicits emotions like anxiety, stress, unfairness, inferiority and vulnerability (upward social comparison emotion).

Originality/value

The findings of this research shed light on how emotions arise from social comparison when workplaces undergo changes as well as the different socioemotional resources present within groups. Not much research has focused on core and periphery groups in this context. This study helps fill that gap in our understanding.
Beyond the “like” button: ideal social self-congruity’s role in shaping consumer behaviors on social media
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Jiang Lan , Dou Wenyu , Wang Valerie Lynette , Zhou Liying
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study leverages theories of social influence to explore how “likes” for consumption-related content on social media fulfill consumers’ needs for social acceptance, subsequently affecting their repurchase and word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions. It aims to understand the extent to which social media engagements, specifically likes, serve as markers of social validation in the context of consumer behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Our mixed-methods approach incorporated two experiments and an analysis of an archival dataset from a popular Chinese social media platform. This comprehensive methodology allowed for empirical validation of our hypotheses, combining experimental control with real-world relevance to scrutinize the impact of likes on consumption behavior.

Findings

The results of Studies 1 and 2 revealed that the number of likes significantly enhanced behavioral intentions regarding repurchase and positive word-of-mouth by fulfilling consumers’ need for social acceptance. Moreover, this effect was observed only under conditions of high (vs low) ideal social self-congruity. Study 3, conducted in a natural social media context, further validated these findings, demonstrating that likes positively influenced behavioral intention, with ideal social self-congruity acting as a boundary condition.

Originality/value

This study provides a novel perspective by directly linking social media likes to consumer behavioral intentions, specifically repurchase and WOM, through the mediating role of social acceptance and the moderating effect of ideal social self-congruity. By focusing on user-generated content (UGC) rather than marketer-generated content (MGC), it addresses a critical gap in the literature, emphasizing how receiving likes on consumer-shared content impacts content creators’ post-purchase behaviors, with practical implications for marketers on leveraging aspirational self-congruity to optimize promotional strategies.
Drink spiking? A case study of a university student and the impact of uncertainty and personal safety when drinking alcohol on THAT Friday night
Authors: Hughes Ben
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Nearly half of 18–24-year-olds report drink spiking on themselves or someone they know. However, this is an under-researched topic and nearly all previous studies have focused on women. This study aims to help understand a possible spiking incident from a male perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

An individual case study methodology, using a reflective account from a young male university student, was used to provide a personal interpretation of an incident at the university.

Findings

Abnormal changes in behaviour and cognition were out of character and corresponded with spiking but were explained by paramedics and some friends as a result of excessive alcohol.

Originality/value

For the first time, this paper explores and helps understand the very personal and individual responses of a young male who was a likely spiking victim, providing the confusion, embarrassment and uncertainty of the situation. In addition, this situation highlights the need for personal vigilance while on a night out, as well as the training needs for emergency responders and nighttime staff and the understanding from friends and observers.
Numerical exploration of bioconvection in optimizing nanofluid flow through heated stretched cylinder in existence of magnetic field
Authors: Galal Ahmed M. , Zeemam Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Basit Muhammad Abdul , Tahir Madeeha , Akram Saima , Younis Jihad
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Nanofluids are used in technology, engineering processes and thermal exchanges. In thermal transfer processing, these are used for the smooth transportation of heat and mass through various mechanisms. In the current investigation, we have examined multiple effects like activation energy thermal radiation, magnetic field, external heat source and especially slippery effects on a bioconvective Casson nanofluid flow through a stretching cylinder.

Design/methodology/approach

Several studies used non-Newtonian fluid models to study blood flow in the cardiovascular system. In our research, Lewis numbers for bioconvection and the influence of important parameters, such as Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis effects, are also considered. This system is developed as a partial differential equation for the mathematical treatment. Well-defined similarity transformations convert partial differential equation systems into ordinary differential equations. The resultant system is then numerically solved using the bvp4c built-in function of MATLAB.

Findings

After utilizing the numerical approach to the system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), the results are generated in the form of graphs and tables. These generated results show a suitable accuracy rate compared to the previous results. The consequence of various parameters under the assumed boundary conditions on the temperature, motile microorganisms, concentration and velocity profiles are discussed in detail. The velocity profile decreases as the Magnetic and Reynolds number increases. The temperature profile exhibits increasing behavior for the Brownian motion and thermal radiation count augmentation. The concentration profile decreased on greater inputs of the Schmidt number and magnetic effect. The density of motile microorganisms decreases for the increased value of the bio-convective Lewis number.

Originality/value

The numerical analysis of the flow problem is addressed using graphical results and tabular data; our reported results are refined and novel based on available literature. This method is useful for addressing such fluidic flow efficiently.
Evaluation of framework for determining valuers preparedness for intellectual property valuation practice: perspectives from Lagos property market, Nigeria
Authors: Olaleye Abel , Ekpo Immaculata Anthony , Babatunde Theophilus Olugbenga
Published: December 2024

Purpose

As part of steps toward providing valuation clients with requisite information on the preparedness of practitioners for intellectual property (IP) valuation, this study developed and evaluated a framework for determining the preparedness of practitioners for IP valuation.

Design/methodology/approach

The developed framework built on ideas from past related studies and was evaluated by estate surveyors and valuers (ESVs) in Lagos property market, Nigeria. Through online survey, 125 ESVs participated in evaluating the framework. The professionals evaluated the significance, to preparedness, of 32 variables components of 5 main preparedness framework’s indicators. The variables were rated on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 5 with 1 representing Not at all important and 5, Highly important. The data obtained were transposed into preparedness scales and relative important index (RII) using mean rating.

Findings

The result showed that four of the five main indicators in the developed framework were judged to be important in the measurement of practitioners’ preparedness for IP valuation. These are sensitisation and awareness of practitioners about IP valuation, training and education at tertiary institutions level, acquisition of informational materials and further professionals training. The fifth indicator (the presence of regulatory and clients’ support) was considered only moderately important. The study concluded that the developed framework, when applied, should be sufficient to establish practitioners’ (ESVs) level of preparedness for IP valuation in the study area and similar markets elsewhere.

Practical implications

The study has implication for the education and training of IP valuation practitioners. It will also serve as impetus for further study in the area of IP valuation, particularly with respect to measuring valuers’ preparedness, in the developing countries.

Originality/value

This study presents one of the few attempts at developing a framework for determining preparedness of practitioners for IP valuation in developing countries; a step which is expected to stimulate further actions towards full IP valuation practice.
Inclusive mapping of sustainable finance and accounting: a bibliometric review
Authors: Lin Zijun , Ma Chaoqun , Weber Olaf , Ren Yi-Shuai
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to map the intellectual structure of sustainable finance and accounting (SFA) literature by identifying the influential aspects, main research streams and future research directions in SFA.

Design/methodology/approach

The results are obtained using bibliometric citation analysis and content analysis to conduct a bibliometric review of the intersection of sustainable finance and sustainable accounting using a sample of 795 articles published between 1991 and November 2023.

Findings

The most influential factors in the SFA literature are identified, highlighting three primary areas of research: corporate social responsibility and environmental disclosure; financial and economic performance; and regulations and standards.

Practical implications

SFA has experienced rapid development in recent years. The results identify the current research domain, guide potential future research directions, serve as a reference for SFA and provide inspiration to policymakers.

Social implications

SFA typically encompasses sustainable corporate business practices and investments. This study contributes to broader social impacts by promoting improved corporate practices and sustainability.

Originality/value

This study expands on previous research on SFA. The authors identify significant aspects of the SFA literature, such as the most studied nations, leading journals, authors and trending publications. In addition, the authors provide an overview of the three major streams of the SFA literature and propose various potential future research directions, inspiring both academic research and policymaking.
Updated genetic background of generalized pustular psoriasis as an autoinflammatory keratinization disease
Authors: Akiyama Masashi
Published: December 2024

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a severe autoinflammatory keratinization disease (AiKD) characterized by acute flares of widespread sterile pustules and high fever. GPP is potentially life‐threatening. Recently clarified genetic predisposing factors for GPP suggest that the excessive activation of innate immune pathways in the skin, including of interleukin (IL)‐1 and IL‐36 signaling, plays a significant role in the GPP pathogenesis. IL36RN, CARD14, AP1S3, MPO, SERPINA3, BTN3A3, and MEFV have been identified as GPP‐related genes. The pathogenesis of GPP provoked by variants in these seven genes is tightly associated with the excessive activation of innate immune pathways and the resulting autoinflammation in the skin. Various biologics, including inhibitors for the tumor necrosis factor, IL‐17, and IL‐23 pathways, are used as treatments for GPP. The new understanding of the genetic background of GPP, mentioned above, indicates that the genetic predisposing factors are predominantly related to the excessive activation of innate immunity and autoinflammation. In this context, inhibitors of inflammatory signaling, including of the IL‐1 and IL‐36 pathways, have been used in clinical practice and investigated as potential future therapies.
Constraints of C‐O‐Sr Isotope and Elemental Geochemistry on Carbonate Sedimentary System Paleoenvironments of the Middle Jurassic Hepingxiang Formation, Western Simao Basin
Authors: LOU Pengcheng , MIAO Zhongying , ZHENG Mianping , LIU Yuanying , FANG Linhao
Published: December 2024

Western Yunnan is an important area for Mesozoic marine strata, development of which helps to reconstruct paleoenvironments in the eastern Tethys. To bring knowledge of eastern Tethys up to that of western Tethys, this study focuses on its sedimentary characteristics and paleoenvironmental significance concentrating on the Xiushan section of the Simao Basin with analyses of the petrology, element geochemistry, and C‐O‐Sr isotopes. Samples are micrite, bioclastic limestone, marl, and mixed calcareous clastic rocks with the 87Sr/86Sr values of limestone ranging from 0.708255 to 0.708933; the δ13C values of the limestone range from –5‰ to +1.5‰ and the δ18O values range from –13.7‰ to –9.1‰. Based on the results, it is concluded that the Middle Jurassic limestones in the Simao Basin were deposited in a tidal flat environment with a strong influence of terrigenous input. At least one transgression event occurred during the depositional period. The paleoclimate as a whole changed from dry hot to humid hot and back to dry hot again. These enriched and improved results provide further data support for a comparison of the paleoenvironments between the eastern and western Tethys.