bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence that Surface-Segregated Sr Phases Can Be Removed in LSCF via Ceria Pre-Infiltration, Are Less Apt to Form in SSC
Authors: Zhang Yubo , Nicholas Jason D.
Published: February 2021

Here Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95−x (GDC) pre-infiltration was performed on 12 vol.% La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3−x (LSCF) or Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−x (SSC) infiltrated GDC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell cathodes. The addition of 7.5 vol.% of ∼40 nm diameter GDC nanoparticles into a ∼30 μm thick porous scaffold of partially-sintered, sub-micron GDC particles before LSCF infiltration 1) lowered the temperature needed to produce a LSCF-GDC polarization resistance (RP
) of 0.1 Ohm*cm2 by ∼50 °C, and 2) reduced the amount of 500 h, 650 °C open-circuit LSCF-GDC RP
degradation from ∼37% to ∼6%. In contrast, GDC pre-infiltration had no effect on the initial SSC-GDC RP
or the 19% in RP
degradation observed during 500 h of 650 °C open-circuit aging. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy showed that GDC pre-infiltration lowered the concentration of strontium species on the surface of the initial and 650 °C-aged LSCF-GDC, but had no effect on the initial or aged SSC-GDC Sr concentrations. Similarly, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy showed that for both the initial and aged LSCF-GDC, GDC pre-infiltration improved oxygen exchange at the infiltrate-backbone and infiltrate-gas interfaces, but had no effect on the SSC-GDC. Hence, GDC pre-infiltration was concluded to improve LSCF-GDC performance and durability by scavenging exsolved Sr-rich secondary phases that form on the interfaces of LSCF, but not SSC.
Combination of Acid-Base Electrolyte at Each Half-Cell with a Single Zeolite Membrane for Crossover Free and Possible Increased Energy Density in an All Aqueous Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Muthuraman G. , Silambarasan P. , Bae K. , Moon I. S.
Published: February 2021

Instead of an organic medium, a simple change in pH could lead to a high energy density redox flow battery (RFB). Besides, ion crossover and membrane optimization are problems that limit its commercialization. In this investigation, a zeolite-coated ceramic single membrane is adopted in an acid-base pH electrolyte combination for the vanadium (V4+/V3+)/sulfur (S42−/2S22−) (V/S) redox couple as a model system. First, the potential widening with a change in pH is explained by difference in OCP (open circuit potential) between the acid-acid and acid-base electrolyte combination that differs by 0.8 V. A 300 mV decrease in the V4+/V5+redox peak potential and the 10 mV increase in the negative direction in the S42−/2S22−redox peak potential between acid-acid and acid-base electrolyte combination show the pH effect predominant in anodic half-cell than the cathodic half-cell. UV-visible analysis for the migration of vanadium and sulfur ions demonstrates no migration of vanadium and sulfur ions to each other half-cell via zeolite coated ceramic membrane. The current efficiency of 94%, voltage and energy efficiencies of 45%–50% are achieved under the given current density of 5 mA cm−2. In addition, the acid-base combination of V/S RFB system shows an energy density of 233.2 Wh l−1
Efficacy and Tolerance of Vascular Electrical Stimulation Therapy in the Management of Vaso-Occlusive Crises in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Phase II Single-Centre Randomized Study in Ivory Coast
Authors: Botti Renée-Paule , Bokoum Sie Saïda , L’Hermite Etienne , Silue Dohoma Alexis , Kouakou Boidy , Bognini Sarah Anastasie , Agoua Serge Arnaud , Mandeng Ma Linwa Edgar , Ayemou Roméo , Koffi Kouassi Gustave
Published: February 2021

Background. Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is the primary cause of hospitalization in patients with sickle cell disease. Treatment mainly consists of intravenous morphine or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which have many dose-related side effects. The question arises as to whether vascular electrical stimulation therapy (VEST) could be effective or not on VOCs. Objective. To measure the effectiveness and safety of VEST in reducing the median time spent in severe VOC. Methods. We conducted a phase II, single blinded, randomized, controlled, triple-arm, comparative trial. We included thirty (30) adult patients with severe vaso-occlusive crisis. The study arms were divided as follows: our control group (group 0) constituted of 10 patients followed with conventional therapy (Analgesics + Hydration + NSAIDs), while 20 patients were divided equally into two interventional arms—10 patients followed with VEST + Analgesics + Hydration (group 1) and the other 10 patients followed with VEST + Analgesics + Hydration + NSAIDs (group 2). The primary efficacy endpoint was median time to severe crisis elimination. The secondary end points were median time to end-of-crisis, median tramadol consumption, progress of the haemoglobin level over 3 days, side effects, and treatment failure. Results. The age ranged from 14 to 37 years, including 23 women. We noted a beneficial influence of the VEST on the median time to severe crisis (VAS greater than 2) elimination; 17 hours (group 1) against 3.5 hours (group 2)

p
=
0.0166

and 4 hours (group 3) with

p

value = 0.0448. Similar significant results were obtained on the diminution of total duration of the crisis (VAS over 0) and median tramadol consumption in patients in the interventional arms. Conclusion. These statistically significant results in the interventional arms suggest that VEST could be an alternative treatment of VOC in sickle cell patients.
Time Slot Detection‐Based M‐ary Tree Anticollision Identification Protocol for RFID Tags in the Internet of Things
Authors: Yang Xiaojiao , Wu Bizao , Wu Shixun , Liu Xinxin , Zhao W. G. Will
Published: February 2021

Recently, a number of articles have proposed query tree algorithms based on bit tracking to solve the multitag collision problem in radio frequency identification systems. However, these algorithms still have problems such as idle slots and redundant prefixes. In this paper, a time slot detection‐based M‐ary tree (Time Slot Detection based M‐ary tree, TSDM) tag anticollision algorithm has been proposed. When a collision occurs, the reader sends a predetection command to detect the distribution of the m‐bit ID in the 2m subslots; then, the time slot after predetection is processed according to the format of the frame‐like. The idle time slots have been eliminate through the detection. Using a frame‐like mode, only the frame start command carries parameters, and the other time slot start commands do not carry any parameters, thereby reducing the communication of each interaction. Firstly, the research status of the anticollision algorithm is summarized, and then the TSDM algorithm is explained in detail. Finally, through theoretical analysis and simulation, it is proved that the time cost of the TSDM algorithm proposed in this paper is reduced by 12.57%, the energy cost is reduced by 12.65%, and the key performance outperforms the other anticollision algorithms.
Coronary Endothelium No‐Reflow Injury Is Associated with ROS‐Modified Mitochondrial Fission through the JNK‐Drp1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Yi , Liu Chen , Zhou Peng , Li Jiannan , Zhao Xiaoxiao , Wang Ying , Chen Runzhen , Song Li , Zhao Hanjun , Yan Hongbing
Published: February 2021

Coronary artery no‐reflow is a complex problem in the area of reperfusion therapy, and the molecular mechanisms underlying coronary artery no‐reflow injury have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we explored whether oxidative stress caused damage to coronary endothelial cells by inducing mitochondrial fission and activating the JNK pathway. The hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was induced in vitro to mimic coronary endothelial no‐reflow injury, and mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial function, and endothelial cell viability were analyzed using western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence. Our data indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly induced upon H/R injury, and this was followed by decreased endothelial cell viability. Mitochondrial fission was induced and mitochondrial bioenergetics were impaired in cardiac endothelial cells after H/R injury. Neutralization of ROS reduced mitochondrial fission and protected mitochondrial function against H/R injury. Our results also demonstrated that ROS stimulated mitochondrial fission via JNK‐mediated Drp1 phosphorylation. These findings indicate that the ROS‐JNK‐Drp1 signaling pathway may be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial cell damage during H/R injury. Novel treatments for coronary no‐reflow injury may involve targeting mitochondrial fission and the JNK‐Drp1 signaling pathway.
Fractal Characteristics of Discontinuous Growth of Digital Company: An Entrepreneurial Bricolage Perspective
Authors: Yu Xiaoyu , Lu Jiangyong , Liu Xiaomin , Wang Yihan , Jia Yilin
Published: February 2021

Digital companies exhibit discontinuous growth in the process of shifting from their existing core business to a newer and less familiar business. This pattern of growth often ends in failure mainly because companies invest most of their resources in maintaining the value network of their existing core business, which ultimately results in a “lock‐in” effect. The fractal theory assumes that there are similarities among fractals within companies. These similarities may reduce the threats posed by the value network lock‐in effect and increase the chances of successful discontinuous growth. In this study, we applied fractal theory to consider the following questions: (1) in what aspects does the successful discontinuous growth of digital companies exhibit fractal characteristics? (2) What strategy does digital companies use to ensure these fractal characteristics? We adopted an exploratory single‐case study method and chose ByteDance as the case company to analyze its successful shift from Toutiao (a media platform) to Douyin (a short‐video sharing platform). Our results show that (1) a necessary condition for the successful discontinuous growth of digital companies is that similarities exist (e.g., in technology or customer base) between the existing core business and the new business and (2) entrepreneurial bricolage is a strategy used by digital companies to ensure the existence of fractal characteristics of similarities. We discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications of this finding.
Crustal Fault Zones (CFZ) as Geothermal Power Systems: A Preliminary 3D THM Model Constrained by a Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Duwiquet Hugo , Guillou-Frottier Laurent , Arbaret Laurent , Bellanger Mathieu , Guillon Théophile , Heap Michael J.
Published: February 2021

The Pontgibaud crustal fault zone (CFZ) in the French Massif Central provides an opportunity to evaluate the high-temperature geothermal potential of these naturally permeable zones. Previous 2D modeling of heat and mass transfer in a fault zone highlighted that a subvertical CFZ concentrates the highest temperature anomalies at shallow depths. By comparing the results of these large-scale 2D numerical models with field data, the depth of the 150°C isotherm was estimated to be at a depth of 2.5 km. However, these results did not consider 3D effects and interactions between fluids, deformation, and temperature. Here, field measurements are used to control the 3D geometry of the geological structures. New 2D (thin-section) and 3D (X-ray microtomography) observations point to a well-defined spatial propagation of fractures and voids, exhibiting the same fracture architecture at different scales (2.5 μm to 2 mm). Moreover, new measurements on porosity and permeability confirm that the highly fractured and altered samples are characterized by large permeability values, one of them reaching 10-12 m2. Based on a thermoporoelastic hypothesis, a preliminary 3D THM numerical model is presented. A first parametric study highlights the role of permeability, stress direction, and intensity on fluid flow. In particular, three different convective patterns have been identified (finger-like, blob-like, and double-like convective patterns). The results suggest that vertical deformation zones oriented at 30 and 70° with respect to the maximum horizontal stress direction would correspond to the potential target for high-temperature anomalies. Finally, a large-scale 3D numerical model of the Pontgibaud CFZ, based on THM coupling and the comparison with field data (temperature, heat flux, and electrical resistivity), allows us to explore the spatial geometry of the 150°C isotherm. Although simplified hypotheses have been used, 3D field data have been reproduced.
Description of Bursaphelenchus microcarpae n. sp. isolated from Cryphalus abbreviatus emerged from Ficus microcarpa, with a report of B. carpini re-isolation
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Ekino Taisuke , Kajimura Hisashi , Degawa Yousuke
Published: February 2021

Two Bursaphelenchus spp. belonging to the eggersi group (subgroup 3) were isolated from bark beetles (Cryphalus spp.). One species, isolated from Cryphalus sp. cf. carpini that emerged from a log of an unidentified broad-leaved tree (considered to be Carpinus sp.) collected in Sugadaira, Nagano, Japan, was identified molecularly and typologically as B. carpini. The other species, isolated from C. abbreviatus that emerged from a dead log of Ficus microcarpa collected in Okinawa, Japan, was differentiated molecularly from other eggersi group species. The new species is characterised by its three-lined lateral field, seven genital papillae with the posteriormost pair forming ‘glandpapillae’, short and stout male spicule with a strongly dorsally recurved and pointed condylus, small and rectangular male bursal flap with a variable terminus, female vulva with a ‘side flap’, broadly rounded female tail tip and molecular sequences of the ribosomal RNA region and partial mtCOI gene. The species is described and illustrated herein as B. microcarpae n. sp.
Religion, Spirituality, Well-Being, and Ill-Being in a Church-Renewal Movement: The Case of Finland
Authors: Hannikainen Pietari
Published: February 2021

An expanding body of research connects religiosity/spirituality (later R/S) with human well-being and health. While psychological and medical research lacks a common theoretical or theological framework, these dimensions are measured by instruments with a wide variation in quality. As the religious landscapes in Western societies are becoming increasingly plural and complex, the need for developing our understanding and assessment of the role of R/S in human health and well-being is as important as ever. This study, based on quantitative data (N = 529) from members of a church renewal oriented network in the Lutheran majority Church in Finland, measures the role of R/S in the subjective well-being of the participants through a multi-dimensional framework. While exploring Ellison’s Spiritual Well-being Scale (1983), the study expands its scope to a more multi-dimensional approach to religion, spirituality and well-being. The results reveal that religious beliefs and practices do not contribute to the level of subjective well-being in the lives of the participants as much as the way in which these beliefs and practices are lived out and actualized in social contexts. The study identified several sources of both well-being and ill-being in the participants’ lives. The article contributes to the terms of measuring the various ways in which R/S are connected to human well-being.
Aster jiangkouensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Guizhou, China
Authors: LI XIONG , WU LEI , YU XUN-LIN
Published: February 2021

Aster jiangkouensis (Asteraceae), a new species from karst areas of southwestern Wuling Mountain, Guizhou province, China, is described and illustrated. It is most similar to A. huangpingensis, but differs from the latter in having inconspicuously triplinerved leaves, ovate to oblong-lanceolate leaf blades, cylindric-campanulate involucre. A line drawing, photographic image and preliminary conservation status of the new species are provided.
An improved Method for Determining Transient Fuel Dilution of Oil in an Internal-Combustion Engine Using Laser-Induced Florescence and Multivariate Least Square Calibration
Authors: Neupane Sneha , Boronat Vicente , Splitter Derek , Partridge William P.
Published: February 2021

An optical diagnostic, based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), has been developed for on-engine measurements of real-time fuel dilution of engine oil or fuel in oil (FIO). Fuel dilution of oil is broadly relevant to advancing engine technology including durability, calibration, and catalyst-system management, and believed to promote destructive stochastic pre-ignition (SPI) during high-load engine operations. While standard (e.g., ASTM D3524-90) methods are not capable of real-time transient measurements, the LIF technique resolves transient dilution on the minutes time scale. We have expanded on our original FIO instrument development by introducing an improved analysis based on multivariate least square chemometrics analysis. The measurement uses a fuel dye (180–1300 parts per million, by mass) and monitors for its presence in the oil using 532 nm excitation and LIF. While the original FIO instrument utilized a two-color ratio method for analysis, the improved chemometric analysis uses the fully resolved LIF dye spectra to provide better predictive FIO accuracy (>92%) over a wide FIO range (1.5–14%) typical of engine application. We also investigate the effect of oil temperature on the LIF signal. Limited engine applications for demonstrating and validating the improved FIO instrument are shown, and the related data used to quantify practical detection limit and sensitivity. The improved analysis is insensitive to laser power fluctuation and change in detector integration time, providing an excellent FIO sensitivity (1–2%) and detection limit (0.01 %FIO) over a wide range of loads and injection timings, illustrating this updated approach to be a promising tool for advancing engine technology.
Cultural Resistances in Post-Authoritarian Greece: Protesting the Turkish Invasion of Cyprus in 1974
Authors: Kornetis Kostis
Published: February 2021

The July 1974 invasion of Cyprus by Turkey caught the Greek Colonels (1967–74) off guard, as they proved entirely incapable of responding to the casus belli, partly provoked by their own actions. Greece remained technically in the state of military mobilisation for about four months and with the democratic transition well underway. This article catalogues the ways in which this conflict mobilised Greek civil society in unprecedented ways. Using oral testimonies, press clippings and three major documentaries of the time (Nikos Koundouros’ The Songs of Fire, Michael Cacoyannis’ Attila 74, and Nikos Kavoukidis’ Testimonials), the article dissects the cultural resistances against the war in one of the most traumatic moments in contemporary Greek history. It analyses the gigantic concerts that took place in the largest stadiums of Athens to protest the war, next to mass demonstrations and popular films protesting the invasion. It argues that these cultural events and artifacts re-enacted facets of the anti-Vietnam War movement and the respective countercultural scene in the US of the late 1960s. The article concludes that these modes of cultural and political resistance activated post-authoritarian Greek civil society, renegotiating the parameters of political participation and partly resetting the agenda of the country’s foreign policy following popular demand.
Common presentation: Rare disease: Adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Fegan David , Glennon Mary J
Published: February 2021

A 19-year-old boy presented with signs of a granulomatous lung disease. Sputum testing for tuberculosis was negative. After a year, he returned with generalised lymphadenopathy. Though a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis was then made and treatment was commenced, a lymph node biopsy revealed Langerhans cell histiocytosis. We are not aware of any other such case described in the Pacific.
To Market or Demarket? Public-Sector Branding of Cannabis in Canada
Authors: Wesley Jared J. , Murray Kyle
Published: February 2021

Many governments provide goods and services that are deemed too sensitive for the private sector to deliver. This places public administrators in the difficult situation of having to sell products while also shaping consumer demand. Government agencies in Canada found themselves in this situation when the country legalized cannabis in 2018. Our findings suggest they responded with a demarketing approach, attempting to limit and shape, rather than increase, consumer demand. We conclude this demarketing strategy hinders public agencies’ ability to displace competitors in the illicit market, a key public policy objective.
Clinical analysis of 12 cases of ovarian cystic mature teratoma with malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Li Wenjing , Kong Yan , Liu Xiangyu , Cui Zhumei
Published: February 2021

Objective

This study aimed to examine the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and prognostic factors in 12 cases of malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary (MCTO).

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of 12 patients with malignant transformation of MCTO who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2003 to 2019. We examined case records, clinical parameters, and biological assessments.

Results

The median age of the patients was 56.5 years and seven of them were postmenopausal. The average tumor size was 18.5 cm. All patients had pelvic masses at their first hospital visit. Nine of the patients had discomfort in the lower abdomen, two presented with a lower abdominal palpable mass, and three were complicated by fever. The median follow-up time was 73 months (12‒193 months). Ten patients survived with a disease-free status and two died.

Conclusions

There is a low incidence of malignant transformation of MCTO, and its most common histological type is squamous cell carcinoma. Age and tumor size are important factors in malignant transformation of teratomas. While there is a lack of treatment guidelines for malignant transformation of MCTO, early diagnosis and treatment may be beneficial for these patients.
Cervical malignant teratoma masquerading as a hematoma: a case report
Authors: Lin Han-Jie , Hsu Chao-Yu , Tsai Stella Chin-Shaw
Published: February 2021

Background

Post-pubertal teratomas, which mostly occur at 20 to 40 years old, are more likely to be found at a metastatic site in up to 20% of cases and may be inadvertently overlooked. We present a case of cervical malignant teratoma that masqueraded as a hematoma. Case presentation: A 24-year-old man presented to our institution with a 4-month history of a progressively relapsing painless mass in the neck, despite conservative treatments with oral medications. A huge space-occupying mass was identified with almost total occlusion of the left internal jugular vein. The likely diagnosis was an organized hematoma or congenital cystic tumor with internal hemorrhage. Surgical excisional biopsy of the mass lesion was conducted and a malignant teratoma was found. A whole-body positron emission tomography scan showed a left inguinal mass, bilateral intra-abdominal lymphadenopathies, and abdominal metastases. Histopathology further suggested the diagnosis of an immature testicular teratoma with multiple lymph node metastases. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy with a bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin regimen. During follow-up, salvage second-line chemotherapy was required with a paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin regimen.

Conclusion

Although uncommon, cervical teratoma should be taken into consideration once a painless and non-remitting mass lesion is found in a young adult.
In vitro and in vivo assessment of the protective effect of sufentanil in acute lung injury
Authors: Gao Qi , Chang Ningqing , Liu Donglian
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To investigate the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of sufentanil against acute lung injury (ALI).

Material and Methods

Rats were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by endotracheal instillation to establish a model of ALI. LPS was used to stimulate BEAS-2B cells. The targets and promoter activities of IκB were assessed using a luciferase reporter assay. Apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling.

Results

Sufentanil treatment markedly reduced pathological changes in lung tissue, pulmonary edema and secretion of inflammatory factors associated with ALI in vivo and in vitro. In addition, sufentanil suppressed apoptosis induced by LPS and activated NF-κB both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, upregulation of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) protein levels and downregulation of miR-129-5p levels were observed in vivo and in vitro following sufentanil treatment. miR-129-5p targeted the 3ʹ untranslated region and its inhibition decreased promoter activities of IκB-α. miR-129-5p inhibition significantly weakened the protective effect of sufentanil on LPS-treated BEAS-2B cells.

Conclusion

Sufentanil regulated the miR-129-5p/HMGB1 axis to enhance IκB-α expression, suggesting that sufentanil represents a candidate drug for ALI protection and providing avenues for clinical treatment.
Exploring the Interactions between Online Shopping, In-Store Shopping, and Weekly Travel Behavior using a 7-Day Shopping Survey in Lisbon, Portugal
Authors: Colaço Rui , de Abreu e Silva João
Published: February 2021

The steady growth of online shopping in the last decades has led to an impact on personal travel and on freight transport that is yet to be fully grasped. Previous research on the subject offers mixed findings, with several studies pointing to complementarity between online and in-store shopping, while others suggest substitution, modification, or neutrality. Using data from a 7-day shopping survey in Lisbon, Portugal, which involved 400 respondents, this paper applies structural equation modeling to explore the relationships among online shopping and in-store shopping preferences, while also considering the period of the week in which the purchases took place, since it is expected that the interaction between shopping and other personal travel behavior varies between weekdays and weekends. The result shows that online shopping preference leads to more online purchases, while in-store shopping preference leads to more in-store purchases. Furthermore, online shopping on weekdays has a positive association with both online and in-store shopping on weekends, which supports a complementarity effect. This effect is linked to a younger population, which commutes by car, and lives in less central areas. Since deliveries are becoming increasingly faster, while living centrally is becoming progressively more difficult, complementarity might give way to substitution, with the foreseeable challenges to maintaining street vitality, if this issue is not addressed timely by policymakers.
Delays are Self-enhancing: An Explanation of the East-West Asymmetry in Recovery from Jetlag
Authors: Taylor Stephanie R.
Published: February 2021

There is evidence in mammals that recovering from jetlag after westward travel is faster than after eastward travel. To understand why, mathematical models have been used, along with theories of entrainment rooted in experimental evidence. The most complete understanding relies on detailed mathematical modeling, so it is helpful to develop an intuition about why there is an east-west asymmetry. One such intuition is that humans have long periods and therefore recover better when they can delay. Although this is part of the reason, it does not explain why short-period mice also recover from westward travel faster. Our goal is to provide a simple intuition consistent with detailed mathematical theories, but which does not require mathematical expertise to follow. Here, we present the intuition that westward travel is easier to recover from because of a simple principle: delays are self-enhancing.
Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty: A Technical Note
Authors: Lehrer Ian S. , Niamtu Joe
Published: February 2021

Cosmetic facial surgery procedures and therapies have continued to evolve with an emphasis on minimally invasive techniques with a shorter recovery time. We present a how-to guide for nonsurgical rhinoplasty including the use of different hyaluronic acid fillers. We provide examples of before and after patient photos as well as photos demonstrating our technique. This technical note highlights the popular concept of minimally invasive nasal contouring using dermal fillers. As such, we provide a brief overview of different dermal fillers that can be used for this application, potential problems and complications, as well as remedies. Dermal fillers have become an entry point into cosmetic surgery for many patients. Our technique of nasal contouring with hyaluronic acid fillers in particular yields safe, effective, and repeatable results.
Not on our own: Peer coaching our way through COVID-19
Authors: Jordan-Daus Kerry , Austin Lacey
Published: February 2021

This reflective piece will explore the importance of peer coaching as a tool to support studies, while also addressing the isolative nature of not just doctoral study but also in the authors’ wider professional leadership lives. As we all face an extended period at home (and for Lacey and Kerry this means also juggling caring responsibilities and home schooling) the reflective piece will examine how this peer coaching relationship has enabled them to navigate COVID-19, re-constituting themselves as leaders in a spatially and temporally different environment.
A bird’s eye view: Sexual health adviser coordination of contact tracing for hepatitis B
Authors: King Sam , Murchie Martin , Dalrymple Jenny
Published: February 2021

An National Health Service sexual health adviser led service to facilitate management of new cases of hepatitis B from all settings across a large Scottish health board was initiated in 2012. Sexual health advisers contacted testing clinicians to support referral into appropriate services and facilitate identification, testing and vaccination of sexual partners, family and household contacts. A retrospective audit of contact tracing outcomes was conducted between September 2012 and December 2019. From a total of 1344 people diagnosed with hepatitis B, 2248 household and sexual contacts were identified. A documented outcome was established for 1741 (78%) of contacts, equalling 1.3 per index case. 257 (11%) of traced contacts were hepatitis B surface antigen positive, 162 (7%) had natural immunity and 1222 (54%) were vaccinated, either before or after contact tracing. This suggests a multi-agency approach to contact tracing for hepatitis B can achieve good outcomes. Further work is required to reduce the disproportionate burden of hepatitis B among ethnic minority subpopulations in Scotland.
Flow unsteadiness and rotor-stator interaction in a two-stage axial turbine
Authors: Touil Kaddour , Ghenaiet Adel
Published: February 2021

This paper presents an in-depth investigation of the unsteady flows through two-stage high-pressure (hp) axial turbine with analyses of the rotor-stator interaction effects on the aerothermodynamic performance. The unsteady flow structures are characterized by the formation and convection of the tip leakage vortex and the hub corner vortices from the first stage blade-row through the second stage nozzle guide vanes (NGV) and blade-row. The modal decomposition of the circumferential distributions of static pressure depicts the modulation of the potential effect in the form of lobed structure propagating in both sides. Moreover, the blade pressure field shows that the first blade-row is exposed to a periodic overpressure induced by the first NGV while in the second blade-row the linear combination of both potential effects is dominant and results in a complex unsteady blade loading. FFT analyses of unsteady turbine performance for two-stage and part stages reveal that the total-to-total isentropic efficiency, torque-based efficiency and pressure ratio of the first stage depend strongly on the first blade-row passing frequency (BPF), whereas the total-to-total isentropic efficiency in second stage and two-stage turbine is related to the second blade-row BPF while the pressure ratio and the torque-based efficiency depend on the two rotors BPFs. Finally, the torque oscillations are mainly associated with the combination of frequencies of first stage NGV with that of second stage NGV. Furthermore, the obtained results show that Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations are essential in analyzing the complex wakes and vortical structures through the two-stage turbine components and may produce better estimation of the performance.
How Do Various Health Insurance Coverages Affect COVID-19-related Stay-at-Home-Tendencies of People Across US States?
Authors: Ongan Serdar , Gocer Ismet
Published: February 2021

This study investigates the relations between COVID-19-related stay-at-home-tendencies and various health insurance coverages of people across US states. To this aim, the K-means clustering and panel regression analysis with cross-sectional dependence are applied. The main empirical finding reveals that various health insurance coverages have different level impacts on COVID-19-related stay-at-home-tendencies. People who are uninsured tend to stay at home the most as compared with people with private, Medicaid, Medicare and military health insurance coverages. As a result, it may be interpreted that uninsured people have serious concerns about affording healthcare costs associated with COVID-19 and, thereby, stay at home. However, people with private health insurance coverages tend to stay at home the least. This may also lead to the interpretation that people with private health insurance coverages feel safer and better protected against the rising risks of this pandemic outside their homes.
Postmarital Life Challenges After Foster Care Discharge: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Khoramdel Negin , Alipour Fardin , Arshi Maliheh , Khoshnami Mohammad Sabzi
Published: February 2021

Many children have entered foster care centers due to different reasons, and they will experience new conditions after leaving these centers. This research explored the experiences of the postmarital life of women with a history of residence in foster care centers. It was conducted using a qualitative content analysis. The data were collected through semistructured interviews with 21 former foster care women and experts. Data analysis was performed using coding and classification of codes. The main extracted theme was “Life in Suspension.” The extracted codes were placed in 10 subcategories and three categories, including (a) spoiled identity, (b) social pressures, and (c) unstable marital life. The need for planning to reduce the various challenges of this group and increase their quality of life, both during and after foster care centers, is essential.
Cytokeratin 7, GATA3, and SOX-10 is a Comprehensive Panel in Diagnosing Triple Negative Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Statz Eric , Jorns Julie M.
Published: February 2021

Following lung cancer, breast cancer is the second most common metastatic tumor to the brain, of which triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2+ (HER2+) breast cancer are the most common subtypes. TNBC does not have standard immunoprofiles and can be difficult to distinguish from other metastases. A tissue microarray was created from 47 patients with breast cancer metastases to the brain and 12 paired breast primaries. Of 47 breast cancer metastases, 24 were HER2+, 14 were TNBC, and 9 were luminal. Forty-five were cytokeratin 7 (CK7) positive, 36 were GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) positive, 7 were Sry-related HMg-Box gene 10 (SOX-10) positive, 20 were mammaglobin positive, and 19 were gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 positive. At least one of the CK7, GATA3, or SOX-10 was positive in all TNBC metastases. A panel of CK7, GATA3, and SOX-10 is complementary in the diagnosis of breast cancer brain metastasis. SOX-10 appears to be a specific but not particularly sensitive marker in this context.
Commuter Students’ Readiness to Help in Incidents of Campus Sexual Violence
Authors: O’Connor Julia , McMahon Sarah
Published: February 2021

The present study examines commuter students’ readiness to help in incidents of sexual violence. Participants included 1,366 students, the majority of whom (79%) were commuters. Structural equation modeling was used to examine commuter status on readiness to help in incidents of sexual violence and the effect of awareness of sexual violence resources and sense of community on readiness to help. The results demonstrate that commuter students are less ready to help in incidents of sexual violence compared with non-commuters. These results suggest that those looking to engage students in sexual assault prevention efforts need to increase efforts to engage commuters.
Treatment of small and medium retinoblastoma tumors with Iris diode laser
Authors: Reynolds Margaret M , Sein Julia , Hayashi Robert , Lueder Gregg
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

Differing techniques have been reported for focal laser therapy for patients with small and medium retinoblastoma. We report the technique used at our center; and report the functional and anatomical outcomes for small and medium retinoblastomas treated with focal laser therapy with or without systemic chemotherapy.

Methods:

A retrospective case study was conducted including pediatric patients with macular retinoblastoma treated with systemic chemotherapy and laser ablation from July 1990 to July 2015 at Washington University School of Medicine/Saint Louis Children’s Hospital.

Results:

Fourteen eyes (11 patients) with small and medium retinoblastoma tumors were treated with repetitive indirect laser hyperthermia and seven of those patients were treated with systemic chemotherapy as well. Using the International Retinoblastoma classification, one eye was stage A, 10 eyes were stage B, and three eyes were stage C. The mean follow-up time was 7.7 years. There were no recurrences of tumor in the patients. Final visual acuity outcomes were 20/20 to 20/50 in four eyes, 20/60 to 20/200 in four eyes, and 20/400 or less in six eyes. None of the patients developed metastatic disease.

Conclusions:

The evidence for systemic chemotherapy and diode laser therapy is limited to case series and retrospective reviews, but evidence suggests that it is an effective treatment for small and medium sized retinoblastoma tumors involving the macula with the potential for good visual outcomes.
Do nonpartisan ballots racialize candidate evaluations? Evidence from “Who Said What?” experiments
Authors: Burnett Craig M , Kogan Vladimir
Published: February 2021

At last count, U.S. voters were responsible for directly electing more than 510,000 public officials. Few of these contests feature lively campaigns or attract substantial media attention, often leaving the average voter to make decisions with limited information. We argue that the cognitive strategies voters use to make decisions in these low-information contests depend in part on the informational cues printed on their ballot—in particular, the presence or absence of partisan labels. Using two “Who Said What?” experiments, we show that voters engage in social categorization—and do so on the basis of race and ethnicity when candidates differ in their demographic background. We also find, however, that the availability of party labels shapes the degree to which voters categorize candidates based on their race and ethnicity. A central implication of our results is that efforts to increase minority representation should look beyond electoral institutions—such as district versus at-large elections—to the information printed on the ballot itself.
Understanding the role of self-determination in shaping university experiences for autistic and typically developing students in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lei Jiedi , Russell Ailsa
Published: February 2021

With more autistic students enrolling in higher education, little is known about how autistic students can actively and effectively shape their own university experience through self-determination. This study explores how both autistic ( n = 18) and typically developing students and recent graduates ( n = 18) perceive their self-determination during their transition into, through and out of university in the United Kingdom. Students reported many shared and unique aspects of autonomy, competence and relatedness underlying self-determination. Many autistic students also discussed autism-related strengths facilitating academic pursuit at university, though found coping with transitional changes more difficult than typically developing students. Using strength-based approaches to help autistic students to actively adapt to routine changes might facilitate their self-determination during transition to university.

Lay abstract

Prior research suggests that autistic students in higher education might struggle with developing autonomy, competence and establish relatedness due to their executive functioning and social communication difficulties. We interviewed 18 autistic and 18 typically developing students to explore how students perceived themselves to be in control of their university experience. Both groups provided anecdotal examples that supported similar perceptions of self-determination in shaping the academic, daily living and socialisation aspects of university life. Autistic students reflected on their cognitive strengths such as attention to detail, persistence and ability to tailor their academic studies towards their interest. Varying degrees of sociability were noted, with some autistic students preferring to focus their self-determination efforts on academic success, while others treasured the novel social experiences including peer support and friendship at university. Compared to greater flexibility endorsed by typically developing students, autistic students perceived establishing a routine at university to be a necessity and were self-determined in maintaining stability amid a sea of change. Recognising strengths and self-determination efforts in autistic students can help stakeholders support their personal development towards independent living and self-sufficiency in adulthood and to successfully transition into, through and out of university.
Perceived discomfort for typical helicopter vertical sine vibrations for seated participants
Authors: Delcor Laurianne , Parizet Etienne , Ganivet-Ouzeneau Julie , Caillet Julien
Published: February 2021

Vibrations contribute to helicopter’s ride comfort. This study aimed to determine the relationship between main rotor vertical excitations and discomfort. Fifty-three participants, seated on a helicopter seat fixed to a vibration test bench, evaluated the discomfort of vertical sinusoidal vibrations using a magnitude estimation procedure. Stimuli had a frequency between 15 and 30 Hz and a level between 0.32 and 3.16 m/s2. The average discomfort was shown related to vibration velocity using Steven’s power law, without any frequency dependence. The exponent depended on velocity and was 1.18 for higher velocities (approx. above 0.008 m/s) and 0.65 for velocities below that limit.
Children’s medical treatment decision-making: Reform or review?
Authors: Bridgeman Jo
Published: February 2021

This article considers proposals to reform the law in response to recent high profile cases concerning the medical treatment of children, currently before Parliament in the Access to Palliative Care and Treatment of Children Bill 2019–21. It considers the proposed procedural change, to introduce a requirement for mediation before court proceedings, and argues that dispute resolution processes should be a matter of good practice rather than enshrined in law. It argues that the proposed substantive change to determination of best interests would not result in different outcomes because the best interests analysis co-exist with the legal and professional duties of doctors to children in their care. It argues that if there is to be reform of the law it needs to follow from a comprehensive review of all the issues in which the minimum standards imposed by law fit together with good practice standards and not in response to individual cases.
The Effect of Intimate Partner Violence on the Physical Health and Health-Related Behaviors of Women: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Stubbs Anita , Szoeke Cassandra
Published: February 2021

Aim:

The long-term effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on physical health outcomes and health-related behaviors are underresearched in comparison to the effects on mental health and pregnancy. This systematic review examines the recent research in this area from 2012 through 2019.

Methods:

SCOPUS, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and gray literature were searched using the key words “intimate partner violence” and “health.” To meet inclusion criteria, studies needed to be original research and focus on IPV during adulthood and its effects on the physical health or health-related behaviors of women. Fifty-two studies were qualitatively analyzed, with results grouped into broad categories of effects, including cardiovascular, endocrine, infectious diseases, and health screening.

Results:

IPV was shown to have negative effects on physical health outcomes for women, including worsening the symptoms of menopause and increasing the risk of developing diabetes, contracting sexually transmitted infections, engaging in risk-taking behaviors including the abuse of drugs and alcohol, and developing chronic diseases and pain. It also has significant effects on human immunodeficiency virus outcomes, worsening CD4+ cell depletion. Results varied regarding the effects of IPV on cardiovascular health outcomes.

Conclusion:

The result of this review demonstrates that women who have experienced violence and abuse are at significantly increased risk of poor health outcomes in a variety of areas and so require specialized and tailored primary care. This review highlights significant gaps in this field of research, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease, endocrine dysfunction, and neurological symptoms and conditions. It demonstrates a need for additional long-term studies in this field to better inform the health care of women who have experienced IPV and to establish the physiological mediators of these outcomes.
The Effect of League Design on Spectator Attendance: A Regression Discontinuity Design Approach
Authors: Reilly Barry , Witt Robert
Published: February 2021

This paper exploits a sharp regression discontinuity design to identify the causal impact of the Scottish Premiership League (SPL) “split” on spectator match attendance. We use data drawn from all 19 completed seasons for which this institutional arrangement has been in place. The causal effect of the “split” is to induce, for the last five rounds of games played in the season, a differential in average attendance of about 24% between the clubs that just qualify for the “Championship Play-off” section and those that do not. However, the annualized effect for the season is found to be modest.