bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customer Due Diligence and Financial Inclusion in Malaysia: Balancing Regulatory Measures and Accessibility
Authors: Halim Eliya Hamizah binti , Basu Subhajit
Published: September 2024

This article critically analyses the substantial inadequacies of the current Customer Due Diligence (CDD) framework in safeguarding marginalised communities from financial exclusion in Malaysia. It highlights that for vulnerable groups such as rural inhabitants, undocumented migrants, and refugees, the CDD, as currently framed and applied, only impedes access to formal financial services. While Malaysia's implementation of a risk-based approach in CDD policies complies with global standards of CDD, this article argues that these standards fall far short of effectively helping marginalised communities. In addition, there is evidence that banks are exhibiting over-cautious compliance behaviour, which resulted in banks hesitating to implement some of the CDD flexibilities introduced by the regulators. In order to address these problems and overcome the barriers, proposals for the development of new CDD strategies are analysed. These include reducing documentation requirements, widening the list of acceptable documents, and introducing entry-level accounts. The aim is to address banking access issues for marginalised communities without compromising the regulatory objectives of CDD. The article recommends that CDD regulations can better assist financial inclusion if they are tailored to the specific needs of the excluded communities by using a risk-based approach.
The adolescent health network: A unique approach to sustained adolescent stakeholder engagement
Authors: Sekhar Deepa L. , Hoke Alicia M. , Khan Marwa , Gordon Patricia L. , Conahan Erin K. , Kraschnewski Jennifer L.
Published: September 2024

At least 70% of premature adult deaths result from behaviors starting and reinforced in adolescence. The use of adolescent-centered outcomes and the necessity of creating space for the adolescent voice regarding research that directly impacts them is often overlooked. These omissions result in proposals and solutions that lack consideration of adolescent ingenuity, preferences, and needs. In 2021, Penn State PRO Wellness was awarded a Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute Engagement Award with the goal of addressing the gap in the inclusion of adolescents in research focused on teenage health. The resultant Adolescent Health Network (AHN) was developed in partnership with a stakeholder advisory board comprised of adolescents, parents, health researchers, and school staff. The AHN currently consists of 12 schools and 43 adolescents who have completed stakeholder training. For adolescents, the AHN simulates a school club or career enrichment activity with incoming freshmen replacing graduating seniors over time. For health researchers, the AHN provides rapid, easy access to a pool of adolescents with stakeholder training who are available to provide input on various aspects of a study from recruitment plans, to survey tools to dissemination strategies. This manuscript details the development, execution, and data from this novel program.
On transversal Hölder regularity for flat Wieler solenoids
Authors: TREVIÑO RODRIGO
Published: September 2024

This paper studies various aspects of inverse limits of locally expanding affine linear maps on flat branched manifolds, which I call flat Wieler solenoids. Among the aspects studied are different types of cohomologies, the rates of mixing given by the Ruelle spectrum of the hyperbolic map acting on this space, and solutions of the cohomological equation in primitive substitution subshifts for Hölder functions. The overarching theme is that considerations of

$\alpha $

-Hölder regularity on Cantor sets go a long way.
Addressing the Complex Needs of Customers Who Contact the Veterans Crisis Line
Authors: Podlogar Matthew C. , Carolina Honor S. , Lauver MaryGrace , Selig Morgan K. , Hughes Gregory J.
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Since its creation in 2007, the Veterans Crisis Line (VCL) has provided 24/7, confidential crisis support services for Veterans, Service Members, and their families, supporting the VA’s highest clinical priority of suicide prevention. As part of this effort, VCL created the Customers with Complex Needs (CWCN) program to manage the individual needs and operational impact of VCL customers who call at a high frequency, are abusive toward hotline staff, exhibit sexually inappropriate behavior, and/or make threats of violence. This paper describes the VCL CWCN program and customer characteristics. Call data from 2012 to 2022, including operational data for 1,096 CWCN customers identified from October 2017 to December 2020, were used for analysis. At the cohort’s peak size in 2020, calls from CWCN customers accounted for 0.4% of all distinct phone numbers received by VCL and for 22.1% of total VCL call volume. Implementation of the CWCN program was associated with significant annual reductions in average individual call volume among high frequency callers. However, no change in call volume was observed among nonhigh frequency callers. Formative challenges and future directions for the CWCN program and implications for other crisis lines are discussed.
A Mid‐Crustal Channel of Positive Radial Anisotropy Beneath the Eastern South China Block From F‐J Multimodal Ambient Noise Tomography
Authors: Chen Juqing , Li Zhengbo , Chen Xiaofei
Published: September 2024

We investigated the crustal radial anisotropy in the eastern South China Block (ESCB) with the F‐J multimodal ambient noise tomography. Well corresponding to widespread mid‐crustal low‐velocity zones in the model, a pronounced mid‐crustal channel of positive radial anisotropy is revealed. In the Cathaysia Block, it may origin from sub‐horizontally aligned quartz induced by extension and correspond to the phase transition of to quartz. In other areas, while, it may be relevant to other well‐aligned minerals. This positive mid‐crustal radial anisotropy channel not only provides the solid evidence for dominative extensional deformation since late Mesozoic, but also may indicate an important detachment surface, contributing much to the early Mesozoic magmatism in the ESCB.
Applications of mixture methods in epidemiological studies investigating the health impact of persistent organic pollutants exposures: a scoping review
Authors: Pan Shudi , Li Zhenjiang , Rubbo Bruna , Quon-Chow Victoria , Chen Jiawen Carmen , Baumert Brittney O. , Garcia Erika , Aung Max T. , Conti David V. , Chatzi Lida
Published: September 2024

Background

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are environmental chemicals characterized by long half-lives in nature and human bodies, posing significant health risks. The concept of the exposome, encompassing all lifetime environmental exposures, underscores the importance of studying POP as mixtures rather than in isolation. The increasing body of evidence on the health impacts of POP mixtures necessitates the proper application of statistical methods.

Objectives

We aimed to summarize studies on the overall effects of POP mixtures, identify patterns in applications of mixture methods—statistical methods for investigating the association of mixtures—and highlight current challenges in synthesizing epidemiologic evidence of POP mixtures on health effects as illustrated through a case study.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed and Embase for epidemiological studies published between January 2011 and April 2023.

Results

We included 240 studies that met our eligibility criteria. 126 studies focused on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) mixtures only, while 40 analyzed three or more classes of POPs in mixture analyses. We identified 23 unique mixture methods used to estimate the overall effects of POP mixtures, with Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR), a type of response-surface modeling, being the most common. Additionally, 22.9% of studies used a combination of methods, including response-surface modeling, index modeling, dimension reduction, and latent variable models. The most extensively explored health outcome category was body weight and birth sizes (n = 43), and neurological outcomes (n = 41). In the case study of PFAS mixtures and birth weight, 12 studies showed negative associations, while 4 showed null results, and 2 showed positive associations.

Impact Statement

This scoping review consolidates the existing literature on the overall effects of POP mixtures using statistical methods. By providing a comprehensive overview, our study illuminates the present landscape of knowledge in this field and underscores the methodological hurdles prevalent in epidemiological studies focused on POP mixtures. Through this analysis, we aim to steer future research directions, fostering a more nuanced comprehension of the intricate dynamics involved in assessing the health effects of POP mixtures. Our work stands as a significant contribution to the ongoing exploration of the chemical exposome.
Whole-brain turbulent dynamics predict responsiveness to pharmacological treatment in major depressive disorder
Authors: Escrichs Anira , Sanz Perl Yonatan , Fisher Patrick M. , Martínez-Molina Noelia , G-Guzman Elvira , Frokjaer Vibe G. , Kringelbach Morten L. , Knudsen Gitte M. , Deco Gustavo
Published: September 2024

Depression is a multifactorial clinical syndrome with a low pharmacological treatment response rate. Therefore, identifying predictors of treatment response capable of providing the basis for future developments of individualized therapies is crucial. Here, we applied model-free and model-based measures of whole-brain turbulent dynamics in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy controls and unmedicated depressed patients. After eight weeks of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), patients were classified as responders and non-responders according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 6 (HAMD6). Using the model-free approach, we found that compared to healthy controls and responder patients, non-responder patients presented disruption of the information transmission across spacetime scales. Furthermore, our results revealed that baseline turbulence level is positively correlated with beneficial pharmacological treatment outcomes. Importantly, our model-free approach enabled prediction of which patients would turn out to be non-responders. Finally, our model-based approach provides mechanistic evidence that non-responder patients are less sensitive to stimulation and, consequently, less prone to respond to treatment. Overall, we demonstrated that different levels of turbulent dynamics are suitable for predicting response to SSRIs treatment in depression.
A spatiotemporal comparative analysis on tumor immune microenvironment characteristics between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative immunotherapy for ESCC
Authors: Zhou Zhengyang , Zhang Hongdian , Du Jian , Yang Jiayu , Pan Wen , Zhang Qiumo , Wang Huiya , Tang Peng , Ba Yi , Zhang Haiyang
Published: September 2024

The average five-year survival rate for esophageal cancer, a common malignant tumor of the digestive system, is barely 20%. The majority of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients had already progressed to a locally advanced or even advanced stage at initial diagnosis, making routine surgery ineffective. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are important neoadjuvant treatments for ESCC, however, it remains unknown how treatment will affect the immunological microenvironment, especially at the spatial level. Here, we presented the TME characters of ESCC from the temporal and spatial dimensions using scRNA-seq and ST, investigated the changes of immune cell clusters in the TME under neoadjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative immunotherapy, and explored the potential mechanisms. It was found that compared with chemotherapy, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy increased the level of T cell proliferation, partially restored the function of exhausted T cells, induced the expansion of specific exhausted CD8 T cells, increased the production of dendritic cells (DCs), and supported the immune hot microenvironment of the tumor. We also found that CD52 and ID3 have potential as biomarkers of ESCC. Particularly, CD52 may be served as a predictor of the efficacy to screen the advantaged population of different regimens. Through multiple pathways, CAF2 and CAF5’s antigen-presenting role affected the other fibroblast clusters, resulting in malignant transformation. We analyzed the immune microenvironment differences between the two regimens to provide a more thorough description of the ESCC microenvironment profile and serve as a foundation for customized neoadjuvant treatment of ESCC.
Fabrication of a peptide–AuNP–TiO2 nanocomposite and its application as a VOC sensor
Authors: Iwakiri Toma , Suzuki Hikari , Mastubara Shogo , Higuchi Masahiro
Published: September 2024

We fabricated a volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor with a peptide–Au nanoparticle (AuNP)–TiO2 nanocomposite in which AuNPs were linked with TiO2-coated conductive peptide nanowires. The conductive peptide nanowires were formed between the AuNPs via self-assembly through the complexation of amphiphilic peptides, LESEHEKLKSKHKSKLKEHESEL, and Co(II). Furthermore, TiO2 mineralization on the surface of the peptide nanowires yielded mixed crystals of rutile and anatase, which exhibited highly effective photolytic activity. In particular, the obtained TiO2 exhibited three times greater photodecomposition activity in the unsintered state toward organic matter than did commercially available TiO2. Next, we constructed a VOC sensor by immobilizing peptide–AuNP–TiO2 nanocomposites on a comb electrode. The electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite changed drastically under light irradiation in the presence of VOCs, indicating transport of the VOC-decomposition-generated photoexcited electrons of TiO2 to AuNPs through conductive peptide nanowires, which prevented electron–hole recombination. The obtained sensor exhibited a sensing range of 2–100 ppm for dichloromethane, which was used as a representative VOC. Therefore, nanocomposites made of AuNPs linked with conductive TiO2 nanotubes may be highly effective for TiO2-driven VOC decomposition. Moreover, we believe that this nanocomposite has high sensitivity for sensing VOCs.
Genomic Balancing Act: deciphering DNA rearrangements in the complex chromosomal aberration involving 5p15.2, 2q31.1, and 18q21.32
Authors: Dardas Zain , Marafi Dana , Duan Ruizhi , Fatih Jawid M. , El-Rashidy Omnia F. , Grochowski Christopher M. , Carvalho Claudia M. B. , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Bi Weimin , Du Haowei , Gibbs Richard A. , Posey Jennifer E. , Calame Daniel G. , Zaki Maha S. , Lupski James R.
Published: September 2024

Despite extensive research into the genetic underpinnings of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), many clinical cases remain unresolved. We studied a female proband with a NDD, mildly dysmorphic facial features, and brain stem hypoplasia on neuroimaging. Comprehensive genomic analyses revealed a terminal 5p loss and a terminal 18q gain in the proband while a diploid copy number for chromosomes 5 and 18 in both parents. Genomic investigations in the proband identified an unbalanced translocation t(5;18) with additional genetic material from chromosome 2 (2q31.3) inserted at the breakpoint, pointing to a complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) involving 5p15.2, 2q31.3, and 18q21.32. Breakpoint junction analyses enabled by long-read genome sequencing unveiled the presence of four distinct junctions in the father, who is a carrier of a balanced CCR. The proband inherited from the father both the abnormal chromosome 5 resulting in segmental aneusomies of chr5 (loss) and chr18 (gain) and a der(2) homologue. Evidences suggest a chromoplexy mechanism for this CCR derivation, involving double-strand breaks (DSBs) repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or alternative end joining (alt-EJ). The complexity of the CCR and the segregation of homologues elucidate the genetic model for this family. This study demonstrates the importance of combining multiple genomic technologies to uncover genetic causes of complex neurodevelopmental syndromes and to better understand genetic disease mechanisms.
Targeting PRMT3 impairs methylation and oligomerization of HSP60 to boost anti-tumor immunity by activating cGAS/STING signaling
Authors: Shi Yunxing , Wu Zongfeng , Liu Shaoru , Zuo Dinglan , Niu Yi , Qiu Yuxiong , Qiao Liang , He Wei , Qiu Jiliang , Yuan Yunfei , Wang Guocan , Li Binkui
Published: September 2024

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but resistance to ICB occurs and patient responses vary. Here, we uncover protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) as a driver for immunotherapy resistance in HCC. We show that PRMT3 expression is induced by ICB-activated T cells via an interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-STAT1 signaling pathway, and higher PRMT3 expression levels correlate with reduced numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and poorer response to ICB. Genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of PRMT3 elicits an influx of T cells into tumors and reduces tumor size in HCC mouse models. Mechanistically, PRMT3 methylates HSP60 at R446 to induce HSP60 oligomerization and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Targeting PRMT3-dependent HSP60 methylation disrupts mitochondrial integrity and increases mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage, which results in cGAS/STING-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Lastly, blocking PRMT3 functions synergize with PD-1 blockade in HCC mouse models. Our study thus identifies PRMT3 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target to overcome immunotherapy resistance in HCC.
WHO International Standards for antibodies to HPV6 HPV11 HPV31 HPV33 HPV45 HPV52 and HPV58
Authors: Kemp Troy J. , Panicker Gitika , Eklund Carina , Nie Jianhui , Wang Youchun , Beddows Simon , Rigsby Peter , Huang Weijin , Dillner Joakim , Unger Elizabeth R. , Pinto Ligia A. , Wilkinson Dianna E. ,   the collaborative study participants, Licciardi Paul , Toh Zheng Quan , Müller Martin , Rajanathan T. M. Chozhavel , Li Shaowei , Xia Ningshao , Liu Ge , Zhou Chenliang , Zhou Lingyun , Xu Nan , Panwar Kavita , Galloway Denise , Carter Jody
Published: September 2024

Previously established World Health Organization (WHO) International Standards (IS) for anti-HPV16 and HPV18 antibodies are used to harmonize results across human papillomavirus (HPV) serology assays. Here, we present an international collaborative study to establish ISs for antibodies against HPV6 (NIBSC code 19/298), HPV11 (20/174), HPV31 (20/176), HPV33 (19/290), HPV45 (20/178), HPV52 (19/296) and HPV58 (19/300). The candidate standards were prepared using sera from naturally infected individuals. Each candidate was shown to be monospecific for reactivity against its indicated HPV type except for the HPV11 candidate, which was also reactive against other types. Expression of antibody levels relative to the relevant candidate IS reduced inter-laboratory variation allowing greater comparability between laboratories. Based on these results, the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization established each of the 7 candidates as the 1st IS for antiserum to its indicated HPV type for use in the standardization of HPV pseudovirion-based neutralization and antibody-binding assays.
CD71 expressing circulating neutrophils serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for metastatic spread and reduced outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Hansen Frederik J. , Mittelstädt Anke , Clausen Finn-Niklas , Knoedler Samuel , Knoedler Leonard , Klöckner Sebastian , Kuchenreuther Isabelle , Mazurie Johanne , Arnold Lisa-Sophie , Anthuber Anna , Jacobsen Anne , Merkel Susanne , Weisel Nadine , Klösch Bettina , Karabiber Alara , Tacyildiz Irem , Czubayko Franziska , Reitberger Helena , Gendy Amr El , Brunner Maximilian , Krautz Christian , Wolff Kerstin , Mihai Sidonia , Neufert Clemens , Siebler Jürgen , Grützmann Robert , Weber Georg F. , David Paul
Published: September 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, presenting a persisting global health burden. Neutrophils have a double-edged role in tumor progression exhibiting both pro-tumor and anti-tumor functions. CD71, also known as transferrin receptor 1, performs a critical role in cellular iron uptake and is highly expressed on proliferating cells, and especially on activated immune cells. CD71 is known to be elevated in various types of solid cancers and is associated with poor prognosis, however, the expression of CD71 on neutrophils in PDAC and its potential clinical impact is still unknown. Therefore, we analyzed CD71 on circulating neutrophils in PDAC and clinical control patients and found a significant increased expression in PDAC patients. High expression of CD71 on neutrophils in PDAC patients was associated with reduced outcome compared to low expression. CD71 on neutrophils correlated positively with the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IFN-γ, and growth factor ligands CD40-L, and BAFF in plasma of PDAC patients. Finally, we have demonstrated that high expression of CD71 on neutrophils was also associated with an increased expression of CD39 and CD25 on circulating T-cells. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that CD71 on neutrophils is associated with tumor progression in PDAC. Further studies are required to investigate the distinct functionality of CD71 expressing neutrophils and their potential clinical application.
Study concerning the design and functionality of individual emergency shelters
Authors: Ene Mircea Costin , Simion Ionel , Valter Matei
Published: September 2024

The divide between the rich and poor in the European housing market is fast rising. Latest research indicates that Europe is dealing with an increasing number of homeless people. Every city in Europe has them—homeless people compelled to live on street corners, frequently hiding themselves with cardboard. Rain, snow, and temperatures below zero pose a threat to their lives on a daily basis. There are many varied kinds of services that have been discovered, but it is difficult to keep track of everyone and guarantee that they have a warm night's sleep in the winter. The current article suggests accommodation as a workaround until they can receive high-intensity support, a way to keep a single person warm and safe during the winter. The focus is on devising a strategy that not only ensures the warmth and safety of individuals during the harsh winter months but also seeks to industrialize the construction of shelters, ensuring affordability below the cost of winter hospitalization for a homeless person. Crucially, the article introduces an additional layer to this initiative by highlighting the dual purpose of these individual shelters. Beyond being a means to provide respite for the homeless during severe weather, these shelters are envisioned as immediate response units in the event of emergencies such as earthquakes in urban areas. The article explores the potential impact of this multi-layered approach on transforming urban landscapes and fostering resilient communities.
On the effects of impulsivity and compulsivity on neural correlates of model-based performance
Authors: Dück Kerstin , Wüllhorst Raoul , Overmeyer Rebecca , Endrass Tanja
Published: September 2024

Impaired goal-directed behavior is associated with a range of mental disorders, implicating underlying transdiagnostic factors. While compulsivity has been linked to reduced model-based (MB) control, impulsivity has rarely been studied in the context of reinforcement learning despite its links to reward processing and cognitive control. This study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying MB control and the influence of impulsivity and compulsivity, using EEG data from 238 individuals during a two-step decision making task. Single-trial analyses revealed a modulation of the feedback-related negativity (FRN), where amplitudes were higher after common transitions and positive reward prediction error (RPE), indicating a valence effect. Meanwhile, enhanced P3 amplitudes after rare transitions and both positive and negative RPE possibly reflect surprise. In a second step, we regressed the mean b values of the effect of RPE on the EEG signals onto self-reported impulsivity and compulsivity and behavioral MB control (w). The effect of RPE on FRN-related activity was mainly associated with higher w scores, linking the FRN to MB control. Crucially, the modulation of the P3 by RPE was negatively associated with compulsivity, pointing to a deficient mental model in highly compulsive individuals.
Nanophotonic structure inverse design for switching application using deep learning
Authors: Adibnia Ehsan , Ghadrdan Majid , Mansouri-Birjandi Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2024

Switching functionality is pivotal in advancing communication systems, serving as a paramount mechanism. Despite numerous innovations in this field, optical switch design, fabrication, and characterization have traditionally followed an iterative approach. Within this paradigm, the designer formulates an informed conjecture regarding the switch's structural configuration and subsequently resolves Maxwell's equations to ascertain its performance. Conversely, the inverse problem, which entails deriving a switch geometry to achieve a targeted electromagnetic response, continues to pose formidable challenges and necessitates substantial time and effort, particularly under the constraints of specific assumptions. In this work, we propose a deep neural network-based method to approximate the spectral transmittance of all-optical switches. The findings substantiate the efficacy of deep learning in the design of all-optical plasmonic switches, which are renowned as the fastest switches at the nanoscale. The nonlinear Kerr effect in square resonators is leveraged to demonstrate the switching performance. Juxtaposed with conventional simulations, the proposed model showcases a remarkable improvement in computational efficiency. Furthermore, deep learning can resolve nanophotonic inverse design problems without reliance on trial-and-error or empirical strategies. Compared to simulations, the mean squared error for both forward and inverse models is meager, with values of around 0.03 and 0.02, respectively. The deep learning-proposed switches exhibit excellent suitability for integration into photonic integrated circuits, substantially influencing the progression of all-optical signal processing.
Robust future intensification of winter precipitation over the United States
Authors: Akinsanola Akintomide A. , Chen Ziming , Kooperman Gabriel J. , Bobde Vishal
Published: September 2024

We investigate 21st-century hydroclimate changes over the United States (US) during winter and the sources of projection uncertainty under three emission scenarios (SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0, and SSP5–8.5) using CMIP6 models. Our study reveals a robust intensification of winter precipitation across the US, except in the Southern Great Plains, where changes are very small. By the end of the 21st century, winter precipitation is projected to increase by about 2–5% K−1 over most of the US. The frequency of very wet winters is also expected to increase, with 6–7 out of 30 winters exceeding the very wet threshold under the different scenarios. Our results suggest that the enhancement of future winter precipitation is modulated largely by coupled dynamic and thermodynamic responses, though partly offset by thermodynamic responses. Overall, our results highlight a high likelihood of increasing impacts from winter precipitation due to climate change.
The fitness cost of spurious phosphorylation
Authors: Bradley David , Hogrebe Alexander , Dandage Rohan , Dubé Alexandre K , Leutert Mario , Dionne Ugo , Chang Alexis , Villén Judit , Landry Christian R
Published: September 2024

The fidelity of signal transduction requires the binding of regulatory molecules to their cognate targets. However, the crowded cell interior risks off-target interactions between proteins that are functionally unrelated. How such off-target interactions impact fitness is not generally known. Here, we use Saccharomyces cerevisiae to inducibly express tyrosine kinases. Because yeast lacks bona fide tyrosine kinases, the resulting tyrosine phosphorylation is biologically spurious. We engineered 44 yeast strains each expressing a tyrosine kinase, and quantitatively analysed their phosphoproteomes. This analysis resulted in ~30,000 phosphosites mapping to ~3500 proteins. The number of spurious pY sites generated correlates strongly with decreased growth, and we predict over 1000 pY events to be deleterious. However, we also find that many of the spurious pY sites have a negligible effect on fitness, possibly because of their low stoichiometry. This result is consistent with our evolutionary analyses demonstrating a lack of phosphotyrosine counter-selection in species with tyrosine kinases. Our results suggest that, alongside the risk for toxicity, the cell can tolerate a large degree of non-functional crosstalk as interaction networks evolve.
Synthesis of ferrocenyl benzimidazole derivatives as novel anti-Toxoplasma gondii agents
Authors: Ndlovu Malcolm T. , Harding Clare R. , Kaschula Catherine H. , Chellan Prinessa
Published: September 2024

New ferrocenyl-benzimidazole compounds with anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity were synthesized and characterized. The compounds had redox activity and led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within parasites.
A synchronous-fluorescence analysis method combing with simple one-step extraction for determination of leonurine in traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Sun Wenwen , Wang Le , Zhang Xiao , Liu Mengxia , Liu Pan , Xu Ping , Qu Yi
Published: September 2024

The flow chart of synchronous fluorescence analysis method for leonurine determination in herbal preparations.
Footprints of scanning probe microscopy on halide perovskites
Authors: Gupta Shresth , Bhattacharyya Sayan
Published: September 2024

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and advanced atomic force microscopy (AFM++) are essential for in situ and ex situ nanoscale investigations of the structural, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic properties of halide perovskite crystals and films.
Luminescence and magnetic properties of mononuclear Ln(iii) complexes using an N1-substituted 1,2,3-triazole ligand
Authors: Zou Chen , Jiang Xiaofeng , Mei Hao , Xu Guiying , Tan Jiashuo , Chen Sihuai , Yuan Jun , Jia Lihui
Published: September 2024

A series of three lanthanide complexes have been synthesized using an uncommon luminescent N1-substituted 1,2,3-triazole as a ligand. The one containing Dy(iii) ions is a luminescent single-molecule magnet.
Effect of iodide on the electronic and photoresponsive behaviors of 1D naphthalenediimide-based zinc coordination polymers
Authors: Zhang Yifang , Kang Ming , Zhang Shimin , Gao Bohong , Hao Pengfei , Shen Junju , Li Gaopeng , Fu Yunlong
Published: September 2024

Four naphthalenediimide-based iodine-containing zinc coordination polymers are fabricated and exhibit adjustable electronic and photoresponsive behaviors by the manipulation of their interfacial contacts.
How lithium-ion batteries work conceptually: thermodynamics of Li bonding in idealized electrodes
Authors: Finkelstein Sam H. , Ricci Marco , Bötticher Tom , Schmidt-Rohr Klaus
Published: September 2024

The energy-releasing movement of Li+ and e− in lithium-ion batteries is explained based on a quantitative analysis of cohesive energies, including transition-metal ionization energies.
Metal substrate engineering to modulate CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on inverse Zr3O6/CuPd catalysts
Authors: Qin Bin , Sun XiaoYing , Lu Jianzhuo , Zhao Zhen , Li Bo
Published: September 2024

The exposed atomic species of metal alloy support determined the performance of inverse catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation.
Theoretical study on the mechanisms, kinetics and risk assessment of OH radicals and Cl atom initiated transformation of HCFC-235fa in the atmosphere
Authors: Chi Tai-Xing , Li Xin-Xin , Ni Shuang , Bai Feng-Yang , Pan Xiu-Mei , Zhao Zhen
Published: September 2024

The mechanism and kinetics of the reaction of HCFC-235fa with OH radical and Cl atom were studied by density functional theory.
Introducing the new concept of a chiral-polaron giant-IRAV signature, optical-active giant-response in vibrational circular dichroism
Authors: Biffoli Fabio , Bonechi Marco , Pagliai Marco , Innocenti Massimo , Giovanardi Roberto , Fontanesi Claudio
Published: September 2024

This work proposes the novel concept of a VCD giant response due to the presence of a chiral polaron by exploiting different DFT functional classes.
Ag co-catalyst prepared by ultrasonic reduction method for efficient photocatalytic conversion of CO2 with H2O using ZnTa2O6 photocatalyst
Authors: Kawata Kio , Iguchi Shoji , Naniwa Shimpei , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Nishimoto Masamu , Teramura Kentaro
Published: September 2024

Towards the realisation of carbon neutrality by utilising renewable energy sources, the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 with H2O—known as artificial photosynthesis—is important.
High-temperature giant dielectric switching in an organic–inorganic hybrid material
Authors: Chen Jian , Cai Zhuoer , Zhang Yinan , He Xiaofan , Hua Xiu-Ni , Sun Baiwang
Published: September 2024

A novel organic–inorganic hybrid material (Et3NC2H4Br)FeCl4, has been successfully synthesized. It demonstrates a dielectric switching ratio exceeding 103 at 500 Hz, which is tunable through temperature variations.
Electronic structure, colour-tunable emission and energy transfer in Li3Ba2Y3(WO4)8:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphors for white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Gu Junqiang , Xie Feiyan , Yu HuaJiang , Wang Shengqian , Tao Chaochao , Mao Houfa , Wang Shuo , Xu Hualan , Zhong Shengliang
Published: September 2024

By constructing the energy transfer process from Bi3+ to Eu3+ ions, the tunable luminescence emission is realized in the LBYW matrix and applied in the white LED device.
Generating Airy surface acoustic waves with dislocated interdigital transducers
Authors: Ma Zongjun , Kong Delai , Cai Wenfeng , Wang Zhenming , Cheng Ming , Wu Zixuan , Zhao Xueqian , Cen Mengjia , Dai Haitao , Guo Shifeng , Liu Yan Jun
Published: September 2024

Airy SAWs are generated with specially designed dislocated interdigital transducers (IDTs), exhibiting self-accelerating, self-bending, and self-healing characteristics.
Construction of a 3D flower-like NiO/Mn3O4 heterojunction using Tulsi leaf extract for enhanced photodegradation of thiamethoxam pesticide and organic dyes under direct sunlight
Authors: Mandvi  , Singh Prit Pal , Ballal Suhas , Chahar Mamta , Bansal Jaya , Kumar Ranvijay , Kumar Sandeep , Kaushal Sandeep
Published: September 2024

The construction of high-efficiency photocatalysts for photocatalytic disintegration of organic contaminants is a significant challenge.
Replacement of nitro function by free boronic acid in non-steroidal anti-androgens
Authors: Šlechta Petr , Viták Roman , Bárta Pavel , Koucká Kateřina , Berková Monika , Žďárová Diana , Petríková Andrea , Kuneš Jiří , Kubíček Vladimír , Doležal Martin , Kučera Radek , Kučerová-Chlupáčová Marta
Published: September 2024

A screen of 33 boronic acids identified molecules with antiproliferative activity against androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line LAPC4. Structural similarity with NSAA raises a question whether nitro group could be substituted for boronic acid.
Colletotrikalactones A and B, unusual tricyclic polyketides from mangrove associated fungus Colletotrichum sp. J065
Authors: Zeng Ziqian , Jia Shujie , Jin Yang , Gu Peishan , Yang Jing , Chen Zhaolin , Deng Wenbin , Xue Yongbo
Published: September 2024

Two novel polyketides with a rare 5/6/10-fused tricyclic system, called colletotrikalactones A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the mangrove associated fungus Colletotrichum sp. J065.
Copper-catalyzed decarboxylative ethynyl methylene cyclic carbamates with amines: modular synthesis of 3-aminopyrroles
Authors: Chen Jiadong , Tang Shengbiao
Published: September 2024

Herein, we report a copper-catalyzed decarboxylative cyclization of ethynyl methylene cyclic carbamates and amines, via a tandem C–N/C–N bond formation process, to access a series of 3-aminopyrroles.
Design of novel anti-MRSA inhibitors: a computational study integrating QSAR, ADMET, and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Jiang Huiying , Xu Jie , Wang Zhonghua , Xiong Fei
Published: September 2024

This work reports a comprehensive computational study on a series of sulfonyl fluoride analogs, aiming to design novel anti-MRSA drugs based on the derived models.
Thermo- and pH-tolerant xylanase-immobilized magnetic Zr-MOF composites as recyclable biocatalysts for the degradation of corn straw
Authors: Chen Qingtai , Wu Chongchong , Hu Shujie , Cui Lizhi , Zhang Yong , Hu Peng , Yu Pei , Xu Zhi , Yu Miao
Published: September 2024

Covalent immobilization of xylanase on a magnetic Zr-MOF matrix surface can improve its catalytic efficiency, thermal and storage stability, reusability, and pH and temperature tolerance.
Engineering macrophage membrane-camouflaged nanoplatforms with enhanced macrophage function for mediating sonodynamic therapy of ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Wang Hongling , Li Yansheng , Sun Zhihong , Liu Jie , Sun Chengming , Cao Xiaoli
Published: September 2024

To overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer, we constructed a nanoplatform that combines sonodynamic therapy with immunotherapy.
Electronic state modulation of Ag30 nanoclusters within a ring-shaped polyoxometalate
Authors: Yanai Daiki , Yonesato Kentaro , Kikkawa Soichi , Yamazoe Seiji , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Suzuki Kosuke
Published: September 2024

This work presents electronic state modulation of Ag30 nanoclusters within a ring-shaped polyoxometalate: oxidation-state modulation by changing the synthetic conditions and charge-distribution modulation by protonation of a polyoxometalate ligand.
Zn-doped NiMoO4 enhances the performance of electrode materials in aqueous rechargeable NiZn batteries
Authors: Zhang Xingyan , Noréus Dag
Published: September 2024

Zn-doped NiMoO4 nanoarrays were synthesized, which show uniform composition and stable structure, thus providing good electrochemical behaviors for NiZn batteries.
DNA-templated fluorescent metal nanoclusters and their illuminating applications
Authors: Rajeev Ashwin , Bhatia Dhiraj
Published: September 2024

After the discovery of DNA during the mid-20th century, a multitude of novel methodologies have surfaced which exploit DNA for its various properties.
Mechanistic characterisation of a fungal fusicoccane-type diterpene synthase involved in the biosynthesis of talaro-7,13-diene
Authors: Lin Fu-Long , Taizoumbe Kizerbo A. , Wang Yi-Xuan , Huang Jia-Hua , Wang Gao-Qian , Chen Guo-Dong , Lv Jian-Ming , Hu Dan , Gao Hao , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: September 2024

The cyclisation mechanism of the fusicoccane-type diterpene talaro-7,13-diene was elucidated through isotopic labelling experiments, including a detailed stereochemical investigation of all elementary steps of the terpene cyclisation cascade.
Iridium-catalyzed reduction of o-hydroxyl phenyl enaminones for the synthesis of propiophenones and their application in 3-methyl chromone synthesis
Authors: Tu Zhi , Wan Jie-Ping , Wei Li , Liu Yunyun
Published: September 2024

The reduction of o-hydroxyaryl enaminones with silane as a reductant leading to the synthesis of o-hydroxyaryl ethyl ketones has been realized.
Ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters mediated by base/(thio)urea binary catalysts toward sustainable polyesters
Authors: Wang Liying , Liu Yingying , Shen Yong , Li Zhibo
Published: September 2024

The recent advancements in the synthesis of sustainable polyesters mediated by base/(thio)urea binary catalysts are discussed, focusing on the catalytic mechanism, activity and selectivity as well as the current challenges and future directions.
Recent advances in sensor arrays aided by machine learning for pathogen identification
Authors: Wang Xin , Yang Ting , Wang Jian-Hua
Published: September 2024

We summarized chemical nose strategies for pathogen identification in terms of the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of bacteria, listed the advantages and disadvantages of the current approaches and discussed the perspectives of this field.
Green and sustainable metal–air batteries for powering flexible wearable electronics: current status and future prospects
Authors: Agrawal Arpana , Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar
Published: September 2024

Naturally occurring materials can serve as green alternatives to synthesize and fabricate green wearable metal–air batteries.
The cellular Potts model on disordered lattices
Authors: Nemati Hossein , de Graaf J.
Published: September 2024

Extending the cellular Potts model to disordered Voronoi lattices reduces artifacts observed on regular lattices. An order–disorder transition is observed as a function of surface tension on the disordered lattice and the regular lattices.
Phage-specific antibodies: are they a hurdle for the success of phage therapy?
Authors: Washizaki Ayaka , Sakiyama Arata , Ando Hiroki
Published: September 2024

Phage therapy has attracted attention again owing to the increasing number of drug-resistant bacteria. Although the efficacy of phage therapy has been reported, numerous studies have indicated that the generation of phage-specific antibodies resulting from phage administration might have an impact on clinical outcomes. Phage-specific antibodies promote phage uptake by macrophages and contribute to their rapid clearance from the body. In addition, phage-specific neutralizing antibodies bind to the phages and diminish their antibacterial activity. Thus, phage-specific antibody production and its role in phage therapy have been analyzed both in vitro and in vivo. Strategies for prolonging the blood circulation time of phages have also been investigated. However, despite these efforts, the results of clinical trials are still inconsistent, and a consensus on whether phage-specific antibodies influence clinical outcomes has not yet been reached. In this review, we summarize the phage-specific antibody production during phage therapy. In addition, we introduce recently performed clinical trials and discuss whether phage-specific antibodies affect clinical outcomes and what we can do to further improve phage therapy regimens.
Mapping and characterizing magnetic fields in the Rho Ophiuchus-A molecular cloud with SOFIA/HAWC+
Authors: Lê Ngân , Tram Le Ngoc , Karska Agata , Hoang Thiem , Diep Pham Ngoc , Hanasz Michał , Ngoc Nguyen Bich , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Menten Karl M. , Wyrowski Friedrich , Nguyen Dieu D. , Hoang Thuong Duc , Khang Nguyen Minh
Published: September 2024

Context.Together with gravity, turbulence, and stellar feedback, magnetic fields (B-fields) are thought to play a critical role in the evolution of molecular clouds and star formation processes. The polarization of thermal dust emission is a popular tracer of B-fields in star-forming regions.

Aims.We aim to map the morphology and measure the strength of B-fields of the nearby molecular cloud, rho Ophiuchus-A(ρOph-A), to understand the role of B-fields in regulating star formation and in shaping the cloud.

Methods.We analyzed the far-infrared (FIR) polarization of thermal dust emission observed by SOFIA/HAWC+ at 89 and 154 μm toward the densest part ofρOph-A, which is irradiated by the nearby B3/4 star, Oph-S1. These FIR polarimetric maps cover an area of ~4.5′ × 4.5′ (corresponding to 0″.18 × 0″.18 pc2) with an angular resolution of 7.8″ and 13.6″ respectively.

Results.TheρOph-A cloud exhibits well-ordered B-fields with magnetic orientations that are mainly perpendicular to the ridge of the cloud toward the densest region. We obtained a map of B-field strengths in the range of 0.2–2.5 mG, using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi (DCF) method. The B-fields are strongest at the densest part of the cloud, which is associated with the starless core SM1, and then decrease toward the outskirts of the cloud. By calculating the map of the mass-to-flux ratio, Alfvén Mach number, and plasmaβparameter inρOph-A, we find that the cloud is predominantly magnetically sub-critical, sub-Alfvénic, which implies that the cloud is supported by strong B-fields that dominate over gravity, turbulence, and thermal gas energy. The measured B-field strengths at the two densest subsregions using other methods that account for the compressible mode are relatively lower than that measured with the DCF method. However, these results do not significantly change our conclusions on the roles of B-fields relative to gravity and turbulence on star formation. Our virial analysis suggests that the cloud is gravitationally unbound, which is consistent with the previous detection of numerous starless cores in the cloud. By comparing the magnetic pressure with the radiation pressure from the Oph-S1 star, we find that B-fields are sufficiently strong to support the cloud against radiative feedback and to regulate the shape of the cloud.
Connectivity between the solar photosphere and chromosphere in a vortical structure
Authors: Díaz-Castillo S. M. , Fischer C. E. , Rezaei R. , Steiner O. , Berdyugina S.
Published: September 2024

Context. High-resolution solar observations have revealed the existence of small-scale vortices, as seen in chromospheric intensity maps and velocity diagnostics. Frequently, these vortices have been observed near magnetic flux concentrations, indicating a link between swirls and the evolution of the small-scale magnetic fields. Vortices have also been studied with magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulations of the solar atmosphere, revealing their complexity, dynamics, and magnetic nature. In particular, it has been proposed that a rotating magnetic field structure driven by a photospheric vortex flow at its footprint produces the chromospheric swirling plasma motion.

Aims. We present a complete and comprehensive description of the time evolution of a small-scale magnetic flux concentration interacting with the intergranular vortex flow and affected by processes of intensification and weakening of its magnetic field. In addition, we study the chromospheric dynamics associated with the interaction, including the analysis of a chromospheric swirl and an impulsive chromospheric jet.

Methods. We studied observations taken with the CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter (CRISP) instrument and the CHROMospheric Imaging Spectrometer (CHROMIS) at the Swedish Solar Telescope (SST) in April 2019. The data were recorded at quiet-Sun disc centre, consisting of full Stokes maps in the Fe I line at 6173 Å and in the Ca II infrared triplet line at 8542 Å, as well as spectroscopic maps in the lines of Hα 6563 Å and Ca II K 3934 Å. Utilising the multi-wavelength data and performing height-dependent Stokes inversion, based on methods of local correlation tracking and wavelet analysis, we studied several atmospheric properties during the event lifetime. This approach allowed us to interpret the spatial and temporal connectivity between the photosphere and the chromosphere.

Results. We identified the convective collapse process as the initial mechanism of magnetic field intensification, generating a re-bound flow moving upwards within the magnetic flux concentration. This disturbance eventually steepens into an acoustic shock wave that dissipates in the lower chromosphere, heating it locally. We observed prolonged magnetic field amplification when the vortex flow disappears during the propagation of the upward velocity disturbance. We propose that this type of magnetic field amplification could be attributed to changes in the local vorticity. Our analysis indicates the rotation of a magnetic structure that extends from the photosphere to the chromosphere, anchored to a photospheric magnetic flux concentration. It appears to be affected by a propagating shock wave and its subsequent dissipation process could be related to the release of the jet.