bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protagonismo Guarani na porção sul do Brasil Meridional: o ñande reko em territórios das bacias hidrográficas dos rios Iequí e Caií no ano de 1635
Authors: Cristo Tuani de , Laroque Luís Fernando da Silva , Machado Neli Teresinha Galarce
Published: July 2018

No século XVII a Companhia de Jesus adentrou áreas do atual Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, incursionando pelas bacias hidrográficas dos rios Iequí (Pardo) e Caii (Caí), onde parcialidades Guarani estabeleceram alianças com os jesuítas. Contudo, nem todos os Guarani aceitaram o projeto colonial, a exemplo das lideranças espirituais que refutaram aproximações com os padres. O objetivo do estudo é analisar a atuação de lideranças, tais como Tayubai e Apyçaire que declararam guerra aos padres em nome do nãnde reko Guarani em territórios dos rios Iequí e Caií no ano de 1635. A metodologia é qualitativa e descritiva, fundamentada na abordagem etno-histórica para análise da Carta Ânua de 1635. O trabalho analisou dois eventos ocorridos próximos as reduções jesuíticas do rio Iequí e em territórios do rio Caii, quando parcialidades Guarani entraram em conflito com os jesuítas. No primeiro evento, o padre Mendonza é assassinado por parcialidades lideradas por Tayubai, no segundo evento outras parcialidades atacaram a redução de Jesus Maria no rio Iequí. Em vista disso, constatou-se que nem todos indígenas Guarani aceitaram os jesuítas nas proximidades de seus territórios, pois avaliaram o contato a partir de seus parâmetros culturais, não concordando com os ensinamentos dos padres.
A espada de Dâmocles:As eleições de 1933 no Rio Grande do Sul – entre o exílio, repressão e conspiração
Authors: Lapuente Rafael Saraiva
Published: July 2018

Este artigo analisa as disputas e o contexto político envolvendo o pleito eleitoral de 1933 no Rio Grande do Sul, o primeiro desde as revoluções de 1930 e 1932. Buscamos compreender o novo cenário político regional, com o exílio e conspirações partidas da oposição, coligada na Frente Única Gaúcha, e do novo partido fundado por Getúlio Vargas, Flores da Cunha e Oswaldo Aranha, o Partido Republicano Liberal, que utilizou de diversas práticas para anular, politicamente, a Frente Única Gaúcha (FUG). Estas incluíram fraudes, coerções e repressão.
As autoimagens construídas pelas elites da região de Miranda durante a visita pastoral do bispo D. Carlos Luiz D’Amour ao sul de Mato Grosso, em 1886
Authors: Marin Jérri Roberto
Published: July 2018

O artigo analisa a construção de autoimagens pelos proprietários de terras e escravizados, por funcionários públicos, por autoridades municipais, por profissionais liberais e por comerciantes de Miranda, Santa Rita de Nioaque, Campos de Vacaria e Campo Grande durante a visita pastoral do bispo de Cuiabá, D. Carlos Luiz D’Amour, ao sul da província de Mato Grosso, em 1886. Essa elite procurava impor autoimagens positivas acerca da região e de si, entre elas a de que participavam da civilização, da cultura, do refinamento, das ciências, das humanidades e das artes do bem se comportar. Para tal, esmerava-se em construir uma autoapresentação ostentatória para exaltar seu papel de pioneira, civilizadora dos sertões, patriota e promotora do progresso. Esse teatro tinha feições simbólicas, econômicas, sociais e políticas, fosse para combater os estigmas de Mato Grosso como fronteira-sertão, fosse para alterar sua definição e identidade, ou ainda para afirmar seu poder de mando na sociedade.
A influência da Revolução Cubana na história da Ação Popular nos anos 1960
Authors: Sales Jean Rodrigues
Published: July 2018

O artigo analisa a influência do foquismo na história da Ação Popular (AP) no decorrer da década de sessenta. Não se trata de fazer um estudo sobre a história da organização, mas sim uma discussão sobre as influências teóricas do ideário cubano na trajetória ideológica da AP. A conclusão geral é de que o foquismo representou uma fase curta, porém importante, nas definições políticas desse grupo.
Nota para estudos teórico-históricos do fenômeno da heresia
Authors: Savian Filho Juvenal
Published: July 2018

O objetivo desta nota é reunir alguns elementos que podem contribuir para um estudo não apenas teórico como também histórico do fenômeno a que se denomina heresia. Ela se estrutura em duas partes: (i) um levantamento de dados histórico-semânticos que permitem (ii) uma investigação do que seria, em termos fenomenológicos, a essência da heresia. Seu fundamento é o artigo O que é heresia?, de Karl Rahner, autor de grande relevância para a heresiologia no século XX, embora pouco estudado nos meios acadêmicos.
´A travessia entre o pecado e a fé´: as aldeias Kiriri e os escritos jesuíticos de conversão (1684-1699)
Authors: Mecenas Ane Luise Silva
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo visa analisar a experiência jesuítica por meio dos impressos de normatização da língua Kiriri. No intuito de discutir as estratégias de conversão empregadas pelos missionários que atuaram junto aos Kiriri, bem como o processo de tradução cultural na segunda metade do século XVII junto às missões do sertão da Bahia. Coube aos padres da Companhia de Jesus a tutela dos índios da nação Kiriri, que se encontravam na margem sul do Rio São Francisco. Durante esse período de reordenação dos domínios coloniais e de implantação de novos aldeamentos, foi produzido um significativo corpus documental, que versa sobre a solicitação de índios, trazem notícias sobre as aldeias, descrições dos espaços e sobre a necessidade da elaboração de novos instrumentos que auxiliassem a comunicação. Para o atendimento destas solicitações, foram realizados estudos linguísticos, com o propósito de sistematizar e normatizar as línguas locais e, assim, tornar possível a comunicação e a pretendida conversão.
Management of Sacroiliac Joint Pain
Authors: Schmidt Gary L. , Bhandutia Amit K. , Altman Daniel T.
Published: July 2018

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ)-based pain can be difficult to diagnose definitively through physical examination and conventional radiography. A fluoroscopically guided injection into the SIJ can be both diagnostic and therapeutic. The initial phase of treatment involves nonsurgical modalities such as activity modification, use of a sacroiliac (SI) belt, NSAIDs, and physical therapy. Prolotherapy and radiofrequency ablation may offer a potential benefit as therapeutic modalities, although limited data support their use as a primary treatment modality. Surgical treatment is indicated for patients with a positive response to an SI injection with >75% relief, failure of nonsurgical treatment, and continued or recurrent SIJ pain. Percutaneous SI arthrodesis may be recommended as a first-line surgical treatment because of its improved safety profile compared with open arthrodesis; however, in the case of revision surgery, nonunion, and aberrant anatomy, open arthrodesis should be performed.
Contemporary perceptions of human papillomavirus and penile cancer: Perspectives from a national survey
Authors: Zavaski Michael E. , Hanske Julian , Löppenberg Björn , Cole Alexander P. , Hanna Nawar , Gupta Soham , Eswara Jairam R. , Preston Mark A. , Kibel Adam S. , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Sun Maxine , Trinh Quoc-Dien , Meyer Christian P.
Published: July 2018

Introduction: We aimed to assess the contemporary knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its association with penile cancer in a nationwide cohort from the U.S.
Methods: We used the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), a cross-sectional telephone survey performed in the U.S. initiated by the National Cancer Institute. The most recent iteration, HINTS 4 Cycle 4, was conducted in mail format between August 19 and November 17, 2014. Primary endpoints included knowledge of HPV and its causal relationship to penile cancer. Baseline characteristics included sex, age, education, race and ethnicity, income, residency, personal or family history of cancer, health insurance status, and internet use. Multivariable logistic regression assessed predictors of HPV and penile cancer knowledge.
Results: An unweighted sample of 3376 respondents was extracted from the HINTS 4, Cycle 4. Whereas 64.4% of respondents had heard of HPV, only 29.5% of these were aware that it could cause penile cancer. Men were significantly less likely to have heard of HPV than women (odds ratio [OR] 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24–0.43). Older age; African-American, Asian, and “other race”; being married; from a lower education bracket; having a personal cancer history; and those without internet access were significantly less likely to have heard of HPV. None of our examined variables were independent predictors for the knowledge of the association of penile cancer and HPV.
Conclusions: Our analysis of a large, nationally representative survey demonstrates that the majority of the American public is familiar with HPV, but lack a meaningful understanding between this virus and penile cancer. Primary care providers and specialists should be encouraged to intensify counselling about this significant association as a primary preventive measure of this potentially fatal disease.
Study of Carbon Value of the Allotment of Former Coal Mining Land of PT Samantaka Batubara for Sustainable Mining Environment
Authors: Juniah Restu
Published: July 2018

Sustainable environment is a hope for the sustainability of a civilization, because environmental damage can destroy civilization. Mining commodities needed by humans to build civilization and the fulfillment of the necessities of life such as houses, high rise buildings, motor vehicles, mobile phones, electronic equipment, home appliances, office equipment, and others. Mining activities are conducted to obtain mining commodities. Mining companies during the life of the mine are obliged to keep the mining environment sustainable, and entirely entitled to determine its former mining land. Revegetation activities on former coal mines can provide external benefits of carbon values. Research conducted by survey with quantitative method aims to provide an economic assessment of the carbon value of former coal mine land of PT Samantaka Batubara for rubber plantations. The research finds that the carbon value of former mining land of PT Samantaka Batubara for rubber plantation can keep the mining environment sustainable. The economic valuations undertaken to determine the value of carbon use the equations found in this study developed from previous studies. The results of the study found the value of carbon benefits on mining land of PT Samantaka coal worth IDR 1,014,329,829, - or USD 75,770 for the range of restoration of ex-mining land in 2017-2022 PV 2017. The results are expected to be useful and can be used by stakeholders, academics, researchers, practitioners and associations of mining, and the environment.
Explaining Individuals’ Usage of Social Commerce: A Data Mining Approach
Authors: Alshamaila Yazan , Aljarah Ibrahim , Al-Zoubi Ala’ M.
Published: July 2018

With the use of Web 2.0 technology, e-commerce is undergoing a radical change that enriches consumer involvement and enables a better understanding of economic value. This emerging phenomenon is known as social commerce. Social commerce (s-commerce) presents a new alternative for consumers to search for and find information about products they are seeking to buy. In spite of its universality, the adoption of this burgeoning technology is affected by several factors. This research project is an initial attempt to explore individuals’ intention of s-commerce usage through the data mining approach. The data was collected via a web-based questionnaire survey of 360 social network site (SNS) users in Jordan. Data mining techniques were then used to analyze the collected data in order to figure out what group of features is best for predicting s-commerce adoption among SNS users. The results showed that data characteristics related to gender, monthly income, civil status, number of connections, and prior online shopping experience are key factors in the classification process. The findings may assist researchers in investigating social commerce issues and aid practitioners in developing new s-commerce strategies.
Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP)
Authors: Hassan Shereen K. H. , Abdel-Jaber Mu`tasim S. , Alqam Maha
Published: July 2018

Reinforced concrete structures that incorporates deep beams are generally susceptible to deterioration due to weathering effects and sulphur attacks, under-design in the detailing of concrete cover and/or reinforcement, and construction errors. In lieu of demolishing and replacing these structures, rehabilitation and strengthening using carbon fiber composites becomes a cost-effective viable alternative. Recent advances in research and innovation have introduced concrete repair and strengthening systems that are primarily based on fiber reinforced polymer composites. These systems have offered engineers the opportunity to provide additional stability to the structural elements in question and to restore the damaged portions back to their original load carrying capacity.  This paper investigates the effect of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites in enhancing the flexural performance of damaged reinforced concrete deep beams. Two types of CFRP composites and epoxy were used in the experimental investigation carried out and as described by this paper: 1) high strength carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates, commercially known as MBrace Laminate, that are bonded using an epoxy resin specifically suited for the installation and used to strengthen existing structural members; and, 2) MBrace Fiber 230/4900, a 100% solids, low viscosity epoxy material that is used to encapsulate MBrace carbon, glass, and aramid fiber fabrics so that when it cures, it provides a high performance FRP sheet.Test samples were divided into four groups: A control group, and three rehabilitated test groups with CRFP fibers, where the main variable among them was the percent length of CRFP used along the bottom beam extreme surface between supports (i.e, for two of the groups reinforced with MBrace laminates), and the use of MBrace Fiber 230/4500 CRFP sheets on the 4th beam along its vertical sides as well as the bottom extreme face between supports. All beams had similar cross-sectional dimensions and reinforcement, and were designed to fail in flexure rather than shear. The results show that CFRP composites, both laminated and sheet type, have increased the load carrying capacity in comparison to the control specimen, where observations were recorded pertaining to the delayed formation of vertical flexural cracks at the section of maximum moment, and diagonal shear cracks at beam ends. The increase in the load carrying capacity varied among the three rehabilitated test group beams, with the 4th group showing the highest ultimate load carrying capacity when compared to the control specimen.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 7, No. 3
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: July 2018

Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/sar/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to sar@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 3Entessar Mohammad Al JBawi, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, SyriaKatarzyna Panasiewicz, Poznan University of Life Sciences, PolandManuel Teles Oliveira, University Tras os Montes Alto Douro, PortugalMaren Langhof, Julius Kühn-Institut, GermanyMirela Kopjar, University of Osijek, CroatiaMurtazain Raza, Subsidiary of Habib Bank AG Zurich, PakistanNasim Ahmad Yasin, University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan, PakistanNehemie Tchinda Donfagsiteli, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, CameroonRaghuveer Sripathi, Advanta US, Inc., USARam Swaroop Jat, ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, IndiaS. Dharumarajan, Scientist, National Bureau of soil survey and land use planning, Bangalore, IndiaSalvatore Tinervia, University of Study of Palermo, Italy
The pains of sovereignty: On the joyous passion of the self-punishing subject
Authors: Shammas Victor L.
Published: July 2018

N/A (as per author instructions: submissions of 3000 words to be submitted without abstract)
Care and Critique
Authors: Labinski Maggie Ann ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2018

This paper explores the moments of overlap between Augustine’s pedagogical approach in De magistro and feminist theories of care. I argue that Augustine not only offers a useful model for those who wish to reclaim the centrality of students within education. He also encourages us to critique the narrative that women are more ‘naturally’ suited for caring relationships. I conclude by outlining the benefits of such critique. What do we gain when we allow a diversity of gendered experiences to inform the practice of care in the classroom?
Self-Completing Skepticism
Authors: Hentrup Miles ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2018

In his 1802 article for the Critical Journal of Philosophy, “Relationship of Skepticism to Philosophy,” Hegel attempts to articulate a form of skepticism that is “at one with every true philosophy.” Focusing on the priority that Hegel gives to ancient skepticism over its modern counterpart, Michael Forster and other commentators suggest that it is Pyrrhonism that Hegel views as one with philosophy. Since Hegel calls attention to the persistence of dogmatism even in the work of Sextus Empiricus, however, I argue that it is only a sublated form of Pyrrhonism, what in the Phenomenology of Spirit he calls “self-completing skepticism,” that Hegel takes to be part of genuine philosophical cognition. In this way, I hope to show that the insight that motivates Hegel’s engagement with skepticism in the 1802 essay comes to inform the philosophical itinerary of the Phenomenology of Spirit.
Estudio situacional de los registros electrónicos en una unidad de medicina interna: barreras y oportunidades
Authors: Pérez-Martí Montserrat , Casadó Marín Lina Cristina , Romaní Alfonso José Oriol
Published: July 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer los recursos, flujos de trabajo y percepción de las enfermeras de una unidad de medicina interna, relacionados con los registros electrónicos, con el fin de determinar si la implantación de tablets en las unidades de hospitalización, podrían responder a sus expectativas.
Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, transversal, muestreo no probabilístico, consecutivo durante los meses de julio y agosto del 2016.  Se realizaron 31 observaciones, a 18 enfermeras,  392 pacientes ingresados. Las variables: turno, metodología de trabajo, tiempo “ronda”, tiempo transcripción de datos, tiempo total, número de pacientes ingresados y tiempo invertido por paciente. También se preguntó a cada enfermera sobre cómo trabajaban y el motivo.
La media de tiempo total fue 59,16 min (DT:16,6), y 12,65 (DT:1,11) pacientes ingresados. Tiempo invertido por paciente 4,65 min (DT:1,15), inferior en el turno tarde [M:4,14; DT: 0,84] que el de noche [M: 5,47; DT: 1,12]. El turno noche siempre utilizaba el mismo método de trabajo y era el turno tarde que presentaba sistemáticas diferentes. Las enfermeras manifestaron la necesidad de un sistema de registro ligero, en tiempo real, a pie de cama del enfermo, evitando desplazamientos, de fácil acceso para la consulta e intercambio de información.
Los dos métodos de trabajo de la unidad de observación no satisfacen las necesidades de las enfermeras, son lentos, pesados y dificultan el acceso a la información y el registro. La incorporación de tablets podría reducir estos problemas y cubrir sus expectativas, abriendo una nueva línea de investigación.
Valores, espiritualidad y consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de preparatoria
Authors: Cervantes Peña Carmen Leticia , Rodríguez Puente Linda Azucena , Alonso Castillo María Magdalena , Oliva Rodríguez Nora Nelly , Álvarez Martínez Alicia , Leija Mendoza Alejandra
Published: July 2018

Introducción: Los valores y la espiritualidad se han identificado como factores protectores que disminuyen el desarrollo de comportamientos riesgosos en los adolescentes como el consumo de alcohol.
Objetivo: Identificar los valores y la espiritualidad en adolescentes de preparatoria y determinar la relación que existe entre los valores y la espiritualidad con el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes de preparatoria.
Método: Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo correlacional. La población fue de 4728 estudiantes de una preparatoria del área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico estratificado unietápico, la muestra estuvo conformada por 317 sujetos inscritos. Las variables se evaluaron mediante el Cuestionario de Valores de Schwartz (VAL), el Cuestionario de Espiritualidad (CE) y el AUDIT.
Resultados: Se encontró que el índice general de valores mostró una media de 70.4 (DE=11.1, Mdn= 70.54), el índice de espiritualidad mostró una media de 66.3 (DE=13.4, Mdn= 67.82). Se encontró correlación positiva y significativa entre las creencias espirituales y el índice de consumo dependiente de alcohol (rs = .181, p = .016), correlación negativa significativa entre las creencias espirituales y la cantidad de bebidas alcohólicas consumidas por ocasión (rs = -.117, p = .038) y correlación positiva y significativa entre las necesidades espirituales y el índice de consumo dañino (rs = .180, p = .017).
Conclusiones: Los adolescentes que tienen mayores creencias espirituales y necesidades espirituales presentan mayor consumo de alcohol dependiente y dañino.

Los adolescentes que presentan mayores creencias espirituales consumen menor cantidad de bebidas alcohólicas por ocasión
Autocuidado del hombre con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: impacto del machismo
Authors: Mendoza Catalan Geu , Gallegos Cabriales Esther , Gutierrez Valverde Juana Mercedes
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Determinar si el machismo, apoyo familiar, la percepción de salud y la autoeficacia influyen en las actividades de autocuidado del hombre con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Metodología: El diseño del estudio fue descriptivo correlacional, con una muestra de 126 participantes de 14 centros de atención primaria.
Resultados: El machismo se correlacionó de manera negativa con el apoyo familiar y la autoeficacia. Mientras que el autocuidado se explicó el 30.5% de la varianza, las variables predictores fueron las conductas familiares, la autoeficacia, las sub-escalas del machismo; primacía del trabajo, ser independiente y violento.
Conclusiones: El machismo puede influir de manera directa al autocuidado y de manera indirecta, por medio del apoyo familiar y la autoeficacia.
Ansiedade em técnicos de enfermagem da atenção básica
Authors: Alves Fernandes Bruna Maria , Chaves Neto Gabriel , Dos Santos Araújo Poliana Rafaela , Pedroza Trajano Flávia Maiele , Fernandes Braga João Euclides
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de ansiedad en el personal de enfermería de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, con énfasis en los aspectos clave para la aparición de la ansiedad.
Método: Estudio descriptivo, enfoque cuantitativo transversal, constituido por 28 técnicos de enfermería, mediante el Inventario de Ansiedad Traço-Estado (IDATE) como una herramienta para la recolección de datos.
Resultados: 8 técnicos de enfermería mostraron niveles de alta ansiedad alta 20 baja ansiedad. Hubo un aumento en la puntuación en el IDATE-E en el momento durante la realización de actividades, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa en relación al momento antes. Los bajos salarios, la carga de trabajo y la devaluación profesional fueron identificados como factores responsables de causar la aparición de la ansiedad en el contexto del trabajo.
Conclusión: El estudio muestra un predominio de baja ansiedad entre la población estudiada, sin embargo, fue posible detectar factores desencadenantes de ansiedad, lo que indica que estos aspectos pueden dañar la peculiaridad de la asistencia a los usuarios.
Problemas de saúde entre profissionais de enfermagem e fatores relacionados
Authors: Bordignon Maiara , Monteiro Maria Inês
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Conocer los problemas de salud que afectan a profesionales de enfermería en una unidad de emergencia hospitalaria pública y factores relacionados.
Método: Estudio transversal con 86 profesionales de enfermería de una unidad de emergencia hospitalaria del interior del Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Los datos recogidos a partir de cuestionarios fueron analizados utilizando la estadística descriptiva e inferencial.
Resultados: 61,2% de los profesionales reportaron al menos una lesión o enfermedad con diagnóstico médico, y 59,6% de los profesionales tenían dos o más problemas de salud, siendo 2,8 la media de lesiones o enfermedades (IC95% 2,1–3,5). Los grupos ‘lesiones por accidente’ y ‘enfermedades del sistema musculo-esquelético’ fueron predominantes, sin embargo, las lesiones en la espalda, gastritis o irritación duodenal e hipertensión arterial fueron las enfermedades con mayor número de relatos. Los auxiliares o técnicos de enfermería presentaron, de media, mayor número de lesiones o enfermedades que los enfermeros, así como los profesionales con otro empleo, cansados y/o desanimados después del trabajo y que sufrieron violencia laboral. Diferencias estadísticamente significantes fueron observadas entre los grupos con o sin lesión o enfermedades en relación a las medianas de la edad del trabajador (p=0,0075) y edad de inicio en una actividad laboral (p=0,0188). Fue identificada relación con significancia estadística entre tener lesión o enfermedad y uso de medicamento (p=0,0304).
Conclusión: Es importante que la institución propicie al trabajador condiciones de trabajo y organizacionales que posibiliten el mantenimiento de su salud, potencial y habilidades por el mayor tiempo posible.
Violencia de Género: Papel de Enfermería en la Prevención Secundaria desde Atención Primaria
Authors: Baides Noriega Raquel
Published: July 2018

Introducción: La violencia de género es un fenómeno complejo que se relaciona con la desigualdad de género presente en todas las culturas y tiene múltiples consecuencias para la salud. Se trata de un problema de salud pública en el que la Enfermería puede realizar un importante papel de prevención secundaria.
Metodología: Con objeto de conocer procedimientos para la detección e intervención precoz de la violencia de género desde Enfermería de Atención Primaria se realizó una revisión bibliográfica a través de fuentes primarias y secundarias.
Resultados: La prevención secundaria de la violencia de género es una tarea imprescindible desde los equipos de atención primaria. Los indicadores de VG presentes en la literatura son diversos, y de su detección depende la posibilidad de intervenir. La identificación de casos se basa en la relación de confianza y en técnicas como la entrevista o el uso de cuestionarios. Los procedimientos establecidos ante su confirmación están regulados por diferentes normas legales y deontológicas.
Conclusión: La violencia de género es un grave problema que afecta, de forma importante, a la salud de las mujeres que la sufren. Enfermería de Atención Primaria juega un papel fundamental por su gran accesibilidad y contacto frecuente con la mujer a lo largo del ciclo vital, pudiendo detectar precozmente violencia de género. Para potenciar la prevención secundaria, se hace preciso mejorar la formación entre los profesionales sanitarios.
Validación de una herramienta de prescripción de cuidados básicos estandarizados y evaluables con temporalidad
Authors: Gonzalez Chorda Victor , Cremades Puerto Jesús , Perez Cantó Victor , Gil Fuensanta Hellin , Maciá Soler Loreto
Published: July 2018

Introducción: La prescripción de cuidados básicos con temporalidad en unidades de hospitalización médico-quirúrgicas representa una laguna en los planes de cuidados y los estudiantes de enfermería no pueden adquirir la competencia de gestionar cuidados básicos. El objetivo de este estudio es validar un plan de cuidados estandarizado para prescribir cuidados que pueda ser utilizado por estudiantes de enfermería durante la adquisición de las competencias relacionadas con cuidados básicos.
Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuali-cuantitativo con paneles de expertos combinando las técnicas grupo nominal (generar la hipótesis de trabajo y desarrollo del método de prescripción), Delphi modificado (validez de contenido) y grupo focal como técnica complementaria para alcanzar consenso. El estudio se realizó durante un periodo de 18 meses entre 2013-2014.
Resultados: Se han construido tres parrillas de prescripción de cuidados estandarizados utilizando la escala de Barthel que utilizan los estudiantes de enfermería de segundo curso de Grado en la Universidad Jaume I de Castellón, con soporte electrónico.
Conclusiones: En la revisión de la literatura no se han identificado trabajos que especifiquen como llevar a cabo estudios de validez de planes de cuidados estandarizados. En este estudio se utilizó una combinación de métodos similar a la utilizada por otros autores para el desarrollo de diferentes herramientas. Con este sistema de registro y prescripción se puede evaluar la calidad de los cuidados y potenciar el rol responsable de enfermería en unidades médico-quirúrgicas.
Coalescing beneficial host and deleterious antiparasitic actions as an antischistosomal strategy
Authors: Chan John D , Day Timothy A , Marchant Jonathan S
Published: July 2018

Conventional approaches for antiparasitic drug discovery center upon discovering selective agents that adversely impact parasites with minimal host side effects. Here, we show that agents with a broad polypharmacology, often considered ‘dirtier’ drugs, can have unique efficacy if they combine deleterious effects on the parasite with beneficial actions in the host. This principle is evidenced through a screen for drugs to treat schistosomiasis, a parasitic flatworm disease that impacts over 230 million people. A target-based screen of a Schistosoma serotoninergic G protein coupled receptor yielded the potent agonist, ergotamine, which disrupted worm movement. In vivo, ergotamine decreased mortality, parasite load and intestinal egg counts but also uniquely reduced organ pathology through engagement of host GPCRs that repressed hepatic stellate cell activation, inflammatory damage and fibrosis. The unique ability of ergotamine to engage both host and parasite GPCRs evidences a future strategy for anthelmintic drug design that coalesces deleterious antiparasitic activity with beneficial host effects.
Identification of a diphtheria toxin‐like gene family beyond the Corynebacterium genus
Authors: Mansfield Michael J. , Sugiman‐Marangos Seiji N. , Melnyk Roman A. , Doxey Andrew C.
Published: July 2018

Diphtheria toxin (DT), produced by Corynebacterium diphtheria, is the causative agent of diphtheria and one of the most potent protein toxins known; however, it has an unclear evolutionary history. Here, we report the discovery of a DT‐like gene family in several bacterial lineages outside of Corynebacterium, including Austwickia and Streptomyces. These DT‐like genes form sister lineages in the DT phylogeny and conserve key DT features including catalytic and translocation motifs, but possess divergent receptor‐binding domains. DT‐like genes are not associated with corynephage, but have undergone lateral transfer through a separate mechanism. The discovery of the first non‐Corynebacterium homologs of DT sheds light on its evolutionary origin and highlights novelties that may have resulted in the emergence of DT targeting humans.
2D Materials Beyond Graphene for Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kakavelakis George , Kymakis Emmanuel , Petridis Kostantinos
Published: July 2018

In this Research News, the authors summarize the work that has been done on the utilization of 2D materials beyond graphene in the electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL) selected of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). On the one hand, the impact of such materials in the stability of PSCs under operational conditions is impressive. Stabilities for encapsulated PSCs cells under illumination and ambient conditions at maximum power point that retain 80% of their initial performance (T80) have been reported. On the other hand, the extraction of photogenerated holes has been reduced to few microsecond when a 2D material–based HTL or ETL is introduced. The faster photogenerated charge extraction lowered the recombination rates and resulted in higher power conversion efficiencies. The most interesting thing is that the 2D materials have been successfully applied for large active area cells (≈1.05 cm2) as well. The exploitation of 2D materials, beyond graphene, is a very interesting and promising technology that shows a high potential pathway towards the envisioned future commercialization of PSCs through addressing their performance, stability, and scalability priorities.
From Crystalline to Amorphous: An Effective Avenue to Engineer High‐Performance Electrode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wei Zhixuan , Wang Dongxue , Yang Xu , Wang Chunzhong , Chen Gang , Du Fei
Published: July 2018

Room‐temperature rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries appear to be promising alternatives for grid and other storage applications to lithium‐ion batteries because of the natural abundance, low cost, and environmental benignity of sodium. In response to the ever‐increasing development for these technologies, an intensive exploration for appropriate electrode materials with high energy density is still underway. This Progress Report highlights the recent research in the investigation of amorphous materials, whose isotropic physical and chemical properties can provide multiple pathways for ions and facilitate ion diffusion. This Progress Report focuses on sodium‐ion batteries, but it is hoped that the engineering strategies may provide guidance on further research and design of functional materials for both sodium and potassium‐ion batteries.
Mechanically Robust Transparent Anti‐Icing Coatings: Roles of Dispersion Status of Titanate Nanotubes
Authors: Wu Xinghua , Tang Yuxin , Silberschmidt Vadim V. , Wilson Peter , Chen Zhong
Published: July 2018

Ice accretion on automobiles, aerospace components, precision instruments, and photovoltaic devices detrimentally affect their performance and increase the maintenance cost. Despite significant efforts devoted to the investigation of anti‐icing coatings in the past decades, mechanically robust and transparent anti‐icing coatings are rarely reported. In this study, titanate nanotubes are used as filler to prepare mechanically robust anti‐icing coatings with a sol‐gel method. Specially, the effect of dispersion status of nanotubes on the transmittance, surface roughness, and water repellency is investigated. The optimized smooth, transparent coating exhibits higher water repellency and better anti‐icing performance in terms of ice‐adhesion strength, icing delay time, and ice‐nucleation temperature than the rough one. Much higher hardness and scratch resistance than that of commercially available icephobic or anti‐icing coatings is obtained on the smooth, transparent sample; the coating also presents good adhesion to the substrate.
Creating a Nanoscale “Black Hole” to Trap Light by a Single Au Nanosphere in an All‐Dielectric Nanocavity
Authors: Huang Yingcong , Yan Jiahao , Ma Churong , Yang Guowei
Published: July 2018

Efficient manipulation of visible light at the subwavelength scale is a crucial issue for realizing light‐on‐a‐chip technology and other nanophotonic applications. In the past decade, many demonstrations based on the surface plasmon resonance of noble metallic materials and the Mie resonance of all‐dielectric materials are made showing that visible light can be captured and concentrated in the nanoscale dimension. Here, a new kind of hybrid metal–dielectric nanostructure composed of a single gold nanosphere and an individual silicon carbide nanogroove is designed and fabricated to capture the visible light like a “black hole”. It is demonstrated that a large portion of the incoming light is scattered in the forward direction, with only a tiny fraction scattering in a broad spectral range in the backward direction owing to the destructive interference between the hybrid electric and magnetic modes in the system. Meanwhile, the absorption of the gold nanosphere contributes to the strongly suppressed backscattering. Based on the scattering anisotropy exhibited herein, this hybrid metal–dielectric nanostructure can act as a nanoscale light source or a nanoantenna on a photonic chip, making it promising for the creation of novel nanophotonic devices.
Electron‐Beam‐Induced Nanopatterning of J‐Aggregate Thin Films for Excitonic and Photonic Response Control
Authors: Seo In Cheol , Woo Byung Hoon , An Soo‐Chan , Lee Eunsongyi , Jeong Hoon Yeub , Lim Yeonsoo , Jun Young Chul
Published: July 2018

Excitons play a crucial role in the optical response of various materials. Molecular aggregates, such as J‐aggregates, exhibit strong optical responses via exciton generation and coherent transport. Planar J‐aggregate thin films can even show an optically metallic response in the visible region and may be considered as alternative materials for plasmonics. However, a direct method to control the optical properties of J‐aggregate films using a top‐down approach is not reported. Here, it is shown that the excitonic response of J‐aggregate films can be locally modified by electron beam exposure, leading to a gradual change in the dielectric constant: from optically metallic (Re[ε] < 0) to dielectric (Re[ε] > 0). Nanoscale patterned films that exhibit clear polarization‐dependent transmission and photoluminescence spectra are demonstrated. The remarkable spectral features can be attributed to the excitation of optical modes in excitonic films. This work suggests that nanopatterned excitonic films may be used as functional elements in various photonic systems to achieve the collaborative synergy between excitonic and photonic elements on a single platform.
Multicolor Fluorescence Photoswitching: Color‐Correlated versus Color‐Specific Switching
Authors: Kim Dojin , Park Soo Young
Published: July 2018

Fluorescence photoswitching systems using photochromic molecules, which turn on and off their fluorescence upon light irradiation, have emerged as highly promising material systems during the past two decades related to their optoelectronic applications such as high‐density optical memory, bioimaging, and super‐resolution microscopy. Single‐color fluorescence photoswitching, which provides only two different states (on/off), is limited in terms of its practical applications such as interference from autofluorescence in biological applications and limited switching states in logic gate and optical memory applications. To address such issues, studies on multicolor fluorescence photoswitching systems incorporating photochromic molecules have witnessed an explosive growth in the past decade in terms of the academic principles and technological applications. In the earlier part, this review briefly introduces the principle of fluorescence photoswitching based on the representative single‐color fluorescence photoswitching systems. Then, the review turns into the main topic of multicolor fluorescence photoswitching systems which are organized in two different subcategories of 1) color‐correlated photoswitching and 2) color‐specific photoswitching. Not only the material systems and principles of the multicolor fluorescence photoswitching, but also their important applications are described and discussed here. In the last section of this review, a brief summary and outlook on the future development are provided.
Pharmaceutical Approaches to HIV Treatment and Prevention
Authors: Yavuz Burcin , Morgan Jessica L. , Showalter Laura , Horng Katti R. , Dandekar Satya , Herrera Carolina , LiWang Patricia , Kaplan David L.
Published: July 2018

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to pose a major infectious disease threat worldwide. It is characterized by the depletion of CD4+ T cells, persistent immune activation, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. Advances in the development of antiretroviral drugs and combination antiretroviral therapy have resulted in a remarkable reduction in HIV‐associated morbidity and mortality. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to effective suppression of HIV replication with partial recovery of host immune system and has successfully transformed HIV infection from a fatal disease to a chronic condition. Additionally, antiretroviral drugs have shown promise for prevention in HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis and treatment as prevention. However, ART is unable to cure HIV. Other limitations include drug–drug interactions, drug resistance, cytotoxic side effects, cost, and adherence. Alternative treatment options are being investigated to overcome these challenges including discovery of new molecules with increased anti‐viral activity and development of easily administrable drug formulations. In light of the difficulties associated with current HIV treatment measures, and in the continuing absence of a cure, the prevention of new infections has also arisen as a prominent goal among efforts to curtail the worldwide HIV pandemic. In this review, the authors summarize currently available anti‐HIV drugs and their combinations for treatment, new molecules under clinical development and prevention methods, and discuss drug delivery formats as well as associated challenges and alternative approaches for the future.
Conjugated Polymer Materials for Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Sun Han , Lv Fengting , Liu Libing , Gu Qi , Wang Shu
Published: July 2018

Although many approaches including operative treatment, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have been developed to struggle against cancer, they are still insufficient in clinical application owing to the non‐ideal therapeutic efficiency and serious side effects. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is emerging as a novel alternative to the conventional therapies because of minimal invasiveness and high specificity. Conjugated polymers (CPs) with the merits of unique optical properties and biological activities have been extensively investigated as functional photothermal conversion materials. The critical design strategies of CPs with high photothermal conversion efficiency and excellent PTT effect are reviewed in this progress report. The major challenges and future development of CPs for PTT are also discussed.
Peptide Delivery Systems for Cancer Vaccines
Authors: He Xuedan , Abrams Scott I. , Lovell Jonathan F.
Published: July 2018

Cancer vaccines aim to activate the immune system so it can seek and eradicate cancer cells. Peptide vaccines hold the minimalistic amount of biochemical information required for generating antigen‐specific T cells to elicit anticancer responses. Unfortunately, results from most peptide cancer vaccine large clinical trials have been underwhelming. This may stem from a number of reasons, such as tumor‐mediated immunosuppression, limited T cell‐tumor infiltration, or insufficient T cell numbers induced in response to the vaccine. On their own, immunization with naked peptides usually does not induce a satisfactory response, so adjuvants and/or delivery systems are required. Beyond the traditional aluminum salts, oil emulsions, and carrier protein conjugates, next generation peptide delivery systems hold potential to induce stronger or broader responses that could eventually provide for improved immunotherapy outcomes. This review summarizes recent approaches to peptide cancer vaccines, in the context of emerging delivery systems.
Efficient Organic Solar Cells with Extremely High Open‐Circuit Voltages and Low Voltage Losses by Suppressing Nonradiative Recombination Losses
Authors: Liu Xi , Du Xiaoyan , Wang Junyi , Duan Chunhui , Tang Xiaofeng , Heumueller Thomas , Liu Guogang , Li Yan , Wang Zhaohui , Wang Jing , Liu Feng , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J. , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: July 2018

One of the most important factors that limits the efficiencies of bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) is the modest open‐circuit voltage (Voc) due to their large voltage loss (Vloss) caused by significant nonradiative recombination loss. To boost the performance of OSCs toward their theoretical limit, developing high‐performance donor: acceptor systems featuring low Vloss with suppressed nonradiative recombination losses (<0.30 V) is desired. Herein, high performance OSCs based on a polymer donor benzodithiophene‐difluorobenzoxadiazole‐2‐decyltetradecyl (BDT‐ffBX‐DT) and perylenediimide‐based acceptors (PDI dimer with spirofluorene linker (SFPDI), PDI4, and PDI6) are reported which offer a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.5%, 56% external quantum efficiency associated with very high Voc (>1.10 V) and low Vloss (<0.60 V). A high Voc up to 1.23 V is achieved, which is among the highest values reported for OSCs with a PCE beyond 6%, to date. These attractive results are benefit from the suppressed nonradiative recombination voltage loss, which is as low as 0.20 V. This value is the lowest value for OSCs so far and is comparable to high performance crystalline silicon and perovskite solar cells. These results show that OSCs have the potential to achieve comparable Voc and voltage loss as inorganic photovoltaic technologies.
A CuO Nanowire‐Based Alternating Current Oxide Powder Electroluminescent Device with High Stability
Authors: Ma Siwei , Peng Zhilin , Kitai Adrian H.
Published: July 2018

An AC‐driven powder electroluminescent (EL) device has been achieved by constructing a CuO nanowire–Zn2GeO4:Mn phosphor heterogeneous junction. The CuO nanowires enhance the local electric field, resulting in electroluminescence of an oxide‐based phosphor in EL devices owing to field injection at the nanowire tips. The CuO nanowire array was synthesized by an in situ thermal oxidation method at 400 °C in air and employed as an electric field enhancement layer in the EL device. The heterogeneous structures were created through drop coating of a phosphor suspension on the CuO nanowire array. The initial EL device tests show good luminescent performance with very promising brightness maintenance for over 360 h, with a loss of luminescent intensity of under 1 % at over 10 cd m−2 luminance. The fabrication method offers the prospect of simple, low‐cost, large‐scale EL devices with the potential to solve the limited operational lifetime of sulfide‐based AC powder EL devices.
Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel pleuromutilin derivatives
Authors: Yi Yunpeng , Fu Yunxing , Wang Keli , Shui Yongzhen , Cai Jing , Jia Zhong , Niu Biao , Liang Jianping , Shang Ruofeng
Published: July 2018

Pleuromutilin derivatives 4a–h, 5a–g, and 6a–d were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. All synthetic compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA, ATCC 43300), Pasteurella multocida (CVCC 408), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028). Most compounds with quaternary amine showed higher antibacterial activities against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria strains. Among the screened compounds, compound 5a bearing an N,N,N‐trimethyl group at the C‐14 side chain of pleuromutilin was found to be the most active agent. Furthermore, preliminary molecular docking was performed to predict the binding interaction of the compounds in the binding pocket.