bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Safety of Zercepac and Reference Trastuzumab in the Neoadjuvant Setting for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Zheying , Guan Yinan , Yao Yongzhong , Zhang Weijie , Zhuang Xiaoming , Zhang Yin , Zhu Tingting
Published: November 2022

Aim. Since the high cost of reference trastuzumab limits its clinical application, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of the Zercepac and reference product trastuzumab in neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods. This study retrospectively collected clinical data of patients with early-stageHER2-positive breast cancer, who received trastuzumab, pertuzumab, docetaxel, and platinum as neoadjuvant therapy from November 2020 to July 2021. Patients were divided into the Zercepac and reference trastuzumab groups. Reduction in tumor size, clinical response based on RECIST1.1 criteria, pathological complete response (pCR), and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to adjust confounders. Results. A total of 105 patients were included in the study, among them, 65 were in the Zercepac group and 40 were in the reference trastuzumab group. The percentage of tumor shrinkage from baseline was comparable between the Zercepac and reference trastuzumab group (47.6 ± 18.6% vs. 43.0 ± 19.9%,

p

 = 0.235). Clinical partial response rate was similar between the two groups (81.5% vs. 70.0%,

p

 = 0.172). There were 28 cases of pCR (70.0%) in the reference trastuzumab group and 46 cases of pCR (70.8%) in the Zercepac group (

p

 = 0.933). The choice of Zercepac or reference trastuzumab was not significantly associated with pCR (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.41-2.28,

p

 = 0.933). Adverse events (AEs) were observed in all patients, and the incidence of ≥3 grade AEs was comparable between the two groups (81.5% vs. 70.0%,

p

 = 0.172). Conclusion. Zercepac has similar effectiveness and safety profile compared with reference trastuzumab in neoadjuvant therapy, which provides treatment options for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
Severe Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Successfully Treated with Ixekizumab: A Case Report
Authors: Burlando Martina , Salvi Ilaria , Paravisi Andrea , Cozzani Emanuele , Parodi Aurora
Published: November 2022

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a severe and potentially life-threatening type of psoriasis. We present the case of a patient with severe GPP, at first unsuccessfully treated with cyclosporine. We chose to treat the patient with ixekizumab, an anti-IL-17 antibody known for its rapid action in psoriasis vulgaris, that has also been reported as effective in GPP. The patient improved rapidly, with resolution of the active lesions after the first administration. The treatment has been continued for 2 years, with no adverse events and sustained disease control. Ixekizumab could be considered a safe and effective option in patients with GPP.
Effect of Past Pharmacotherapy for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Coetzee Corné , Schellekens Arnt F.A. , Truter Ilse , Meyer Anneke
Published: November 2022

Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a considerable public health problem. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently occurs in patients with SUD. Several studies demonstrated that ADHD constitutes a significant risk factor for the development of SUDs and suggest that childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might help prevent development of SUD. Objectives: The study aimed to explore the effect of childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy on later life’s functional impairment and substance use patterns. Methods: Treatment-seeking SUD patients with ADHD (n = 52) were recruited from various rehabilitation facilities in South Africa. Adult ADHD individuals without SUD (n = 48) were recruited from clinicians, retail pharmacies, and the general public. SUD participants in rehabilitation facilities were screened for and diagnosed with ADHD. Lifetime substance use was assessed using self-report. ADHD-related functional impairment was assessed by the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS). Information on present and lifetime use of ADHD medication was obtained. Clinical outcomes between those with and without a history of ADHD pharmacotherapy were compared. Results: Medicated participants (n = 59) showed lower levels of ADHD-related impairment across all functional domains (p < 0.001), compared to non-medicated participants (n = 41). They also consumed less alcohol (p = 0.04), cannabis (p < 0.001), and illicit drugs (p = 0.006) compared to the non-medicated group. Furthermore, medicated participants had a lower frequency of tobacco use compared to non-medicated participants (p = 0.04). ADHD patients without SUD also more often received medication (100% vs. 18.6%; p < 0.001) and for a longer time (121.10 vs. 9.52 months; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might be associated with a decreased risk for substance use in adulthood and lower ADHD-related impairment. Despite study limitations, these findings underline the importance of early ADHD detection and treatment, which might prevent SUD.
The Influence of Cannabidiol on the Pharmacokinetics of Methylphenidate in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Markowitz John S. , De Faria Ludmila , Zhang Qingchen , Melchert Philip W. , Frye Reginald F. , Klee Brandon O. , Qian Yuli
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Cannabidiol (CBD) is a widely utilized nonpsychoactive cannabinoid available as an over-the-counter supplement, a component of medical cannabis, and a prescriptive treatment of childhood epilepsies. In vitro studies suggest CBD may inhibit a number of drug-metabolizing enzymes, including carboxylesterase 1 (CES1). The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of CBD on the disposition of the CES1 substrate methylphenidate (MPH). Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 12 subjects ingested 750 mg of CBD solution, or alternatively, a placebo solution twice daily for a 3-day run-in period followed by an additional CBD dose (or placebo) and a single 10 mg dose of MPH and completed serial blood sampling for pharmacokinetic analysis. MPH and CBD concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The Cmax (mean ± CV) for the CBD group and placebo group was 13.5 ± 43.7% ng/mL and 12.2 ± 36.4% ng/mL, respectively. AUCinf (ng/mL*h) for the CBD group and placebo group was 70.7 ± 32.5% and 63.6 ± 25.4%, respectively. The CBD AUC0-8h (mean ± CV) was 1,542.2 ± 32% ng/mL*h, and Cmax was 389.2 ± 39% ng/mL. When compared to MPH only, the geometric mean ratio (CBD/control, 90% CI) for AUCinf and Cmax with CBD co-administration was 1.09 (0.89, 1.32) and 1.08 (0.85, 1.37), respectively. Discussion/Conclusion: Although the upper bound of bioequivalence was not met, the mean estimates of AUC and Cmax ratios were generally small and unlikely to be of clinical significance.
Um poeta cansado de ser estátua: refigurações saramaguianas de Luís de Camões
Authors: Alves Daniel Vecchio
Published: November 2022

Neste estudo, mostramos que o mito criado em torno de Camões e sua obra tem sido atacado pela competência de autores pós-românticos, desde Oliveira Martins, passando por Jorge de Sena, até chegar a José Saramago, foco deste estudo, em cuja profícua produção literária revela-se um “outro” Camões, poeta cansado de ser estátua, consciente de que sua voz “enrouquecida” ainda há de atingir os ouvidos surdos e endurecidos. Por fim, concluímos que, com a peça "Que farei com este livro?", de 1980, Saramago não realiza, apenas, uma peça de teatro, mas também uma obra sobre a escrita de "Os Lusíadas" e, sem dúvida, um balanço sobre a recepção da obra camoniana no tempo. Portanto, a peça se centra sobre a história não apenas factual, mas também sobre a história textual de "Os Lusíadas", incluindo ainda elementos do contexto de produção de uma obra que ainda luta para resistir ao tempo.
Live Coding in Music Theater—A Comprehensive Technique? The Case ofDumrul and the Grim Reaper
Authors: Artut Selçuk
Published: November 2022

The author analyzes the play Dumrul and the Grim Reaper as a case study to explore the possibilities of live coding in the context of music theater. The live coding method, which focuses on a single main application window, allows one to effectively execute several distributed tasks simultaneously, such as music composition, sound design, sound effects, and musical performance in real-time without losing track of the theatrical text’s flow. In terms of the compositional approach, live coding will be proposed as a holistic sound and music creation technique that centers on using textual systems to depict elaborate forms of artistic expression.
Significant subgraph mining for neural network inference with multiple comparisons correction
Authors: Gutknecht Aaron J. , Wibral Michael
Published: November 2022

We describe how the recently introduced method of significant subgraph mining can be employed as a useful tool in neural network comparison. It is applicable whenever the goal is to compare two sets of unweighted graphs and to determine differences in the processes that generate them. We provide an extension of the method to dependent graph generating processes as they occur, for example, in within-subject experimental designs. Furthermore, we present an extensive investigation of the error-statistical properties of the method in simulation using Erdős-Rényi models and in empirical data in order to derive practical recommendations for the application of subgraph mining in neuroscience. In particular, we perform an empirical power analysis for transfer entropy networks inferred from resting-state MEG data comparing autism spectrum patients with neurotypical controls. Finally, we provide a Python implementation as part of the openly available IDTxl toolbox.
Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae)
Authors: DEVIDES CASTELLO ANA CAROLINA , DE SOUZA PEREIRA ANDREZA STEPHANIE , SHIMIZU GUSTAVO HIROAKI , RIZZO ZUNTINI ALEXANDRE , OLMOS SIMÕES ANDRÉ , KOCH INGRID
Published: November 2022

Aspidosperma is one of the most diverse and economically relevant taxa within Apocynaceae, leading to several taxonomic studies being carried out with the genus. However, since its species number varies widely depending on the treatment, questions regarding which species ought to be recognized in the genus are frequent. We addressed all names and designations in Aspidosperma and proposed 19 new synonyms, six neotypes, 59 lectotypes, and 15 second-step lectotypes. We also created an online interactive identification key for the 80 recognized species of Aspidosperma.
Act of Age: Minor Lone-Actor Terrorists and Their Attacks
Authors: Sela-Shayovitz Revital , Dayan Hava , Hasisi Badi
Published: November 2022

Youth involvement in radicalization and terrorism activity has increased over the last decade. The present study aimed to determine whether minor lone-actor terrorists feature unique individual characteristics, and identify situational factors related to these attacks. A comparative analysis was conducted with 83 minors and 82 mature lone-actor terrorists in Israel who committed terrorist attacks between January 2015 and December 2016. Results indicated significant differences between underage and adult lone-actor terrorists in three of the four “pillars of opportunity” (target, training, and facilitating conditions), as well as in the death toll. These findings suggest close affinities between the socio-psychological needs and challenges youth face in their adolescence phase and their modus operandi for terror acts. We discussed these findings in the context of existing research on youth radicalism and lone-actor terrorism, offering further directions for research.
Detecting Cheating in Large-Scale Assessment: The Transfer of Detectors to New Tests
Authors: Ranger Jochen , Schmidt Nico , Wolgast Anett
Published: November 2022

Recent approaches to the detection of cheaters in tests employ detectors from the field of machine learning. Detectors based on supervised learning algorithms achieve high accuracy but require labeled data sets with identified cheaters for training. Labeled data sets are usually not available at an early stage of the assessment period. In this article, we discuss the approach of adapting a detector that was trained previously with a labeled training data set to a new unlabeled data set. The training and the new data set may contain data from different tests. The adaptation of detectors to new data or tasks is denominated as transfer learning in the field of machine learning. We first discuss the conditions under which a detector of cheating can be transferred. We then investigate whether the conditions are met in a real data set. We finally evaluate the benefits of transferring a detector of cheating. We find that a transferred detector has higher accuracy than an unsupervised detector of cheating. A naive transfer that consists of a simple reuse of the detector increases the accuracy considerably. A transfer via a self-labeling (SETRED) algorithm increases the accuracy slightly more than the naive transfer. The findings suggest that the detection of cheating might be improved by using existing detectors of cheating at an early stage of an assessment period.
‘Eco-Nuclear’ Energy Transformation? Authoritarian Environmentalism and Regulatory Policy in China
Authors: Bourdais Park JeongWon , Chung DaHoon
Published: November 2022

In light of China’s rapid growth and increasing engagement in the global climate regime, the authoritarian regulatory model has attracted attention from researchers and policymakers alike. This paper examines the question of to what extent and in what way state authoritarianism leads to (un)successful environmental policy implementation in China, with particular attention to energy transformation. This study inter-connects macro and micro inquiries through a case study of nuclear energy policy in China. An examination of the extended policy cycle as a comprehensive process that brings a policy to fruition shows that authoritarian regulatory environmental policy intervenes in each stage, resulting in a particular path of the evolution of environmental policy in nuclearising energy transformation in China. Adding to commonly accepted tenets of authoritarian environmentalism in general, the explanations of Chinese distinctiveness in materialising environmental policy enhances the understanding of the merits and challenges of authoritarian mechanisms of environmental policy.
Teachers’ Conceptions of Fairness in Classroom Assessment: An Empirical Study
Authors: Rasooli Amirhossein , Rasegh Abdollah , Zandi Hamed , Firoozi Tahereh
Published: November 2022

With heightened equity pursuits in 21st century schools and the key role of assessment in teachers’ concerns with educational equity, scholars have recently attempted to empirically investigate teachers’ conceptions of fairness in classroom assessment. This study contributes to this growing literature and draws on interview data from 27 experienced high school teachers to further appreciate the factors that propel teachers’ fairness conceptions. The results indicate that the teachers’ conceptions of fairness in classroom assessment were influenced by three themes: (a) individual mechanisms, (b) social mechanisms, and (c) dialectical relationships between individual and social mechanisms. These themes underscored how teachers’ individual philosophies and experiences interacted with their encounters with social conditions of society, schools, and classrooms to influence their conceptions and articulated practices of fairness in classroom assessments. The results contribute to provoke conversations around assessment fairness education during pre- and in-service programs.
Effects of Induced Mood on Attention and Decision Strategies in Risky Choice
Authors: Gong Rui , Corter James E.
Published: November 2022

The effects of induced incidental moods on patterns of information search and decision outcomes were investigated in a risky choice task with mixed-domain problems. Viewing of short videos was used to induce either happy or sad mood in participants, who then made choices between pairs of options consisting of a probabilistic gain coupled with a probabilistic loss. Eyetracking measures of information search, specifically frequencies of transitions between key aspects of the decision alternatives, were analyzed and related to use of heuristic or analytic compensatory strategies. Data were also gathered in a control condition, where participants were instructed to use an EV-calculation strategy, a prototypical integrative compensatory strategy. Results showed significant differences in choices and attention transitions between the EV-instruction and the induced mood conditions, but minimal differences between the happy and sad induced mood conditions. Participants in the induced mood conditions showed relatively more evidence of heuristic strategy use, but analytic strategies remained the modal strategy in all conditions. Importantly, key types of attention transitions were shown to reliably predict the frequency of observed choices consistent with optimal (EV- maximizing) and certain heuristic strategies.
Elastodynamic response of an orthotropic layered elastic half-space to time-harmonic loading
Authors: Le Ductho , Nguyen Yen , Quy Hoang Ngoc , Le Lawrence H. , Phan Haidang
Published: November 2022

The elastodynamics of an orthotropic half-space coated by a thin orthotropic layer is theoretically investigated in this article. We newly propose explicit expressions of free Rayleigh waves in a layered half-space that are dependent on only one unknown constant representing amplitude. The main contribution is on deriving, in a simple manner, the theoretical predictions of far-field Rayleigh wave motion arising from time-harmonic loads using elastodynamic reciprocity theorems. These are the very first closed-form exact solutions found for the forced motion of Rayleigh waves in a layered half-space of orthotropic materials. To demonstrate the theoretical results, computation of Rayleigh wave motion in a jointed rock, including a layer of quartz-schist and a half-space of soil, is considered. We present the phase and group dispersion curves superimposed with the amplitude spectra that provide useful information on wave modes, frequencies, and displacement amplitudes. The inclusion of the amplitude spectra in the dispersion curves is a significant improvement over other dispersion curves currently available in the literature. The analytical predictions are compared with numerical results found by finite element analysis, and they show excellent agreement for the cases of a uniform distributed load and a varying distributed load both applied over a strip on the layer surface. The calculations obtained in the current study could generally be very useful for applications in seismology and materials characterization of coated structures.
The application of 3D printing technology for developing a lumbar support garment for obese women
Authors: Park Seiyoung , Kim Dong-Eun
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop a lumbar support garment, using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, that has a good fit and great aesthetics for obese women in their 30s and 40s. To this end, a survey was conducted to investigate consumers’ satisfaction with commercially available lumbar supports. One participant with class 2 obesity, aged between 30 and 49 years, with previous experience of back pain and wearing a lumbar support, was selected for the 3D body scanning procedure. A lumbar support was designed based on the 3D shape data obtained by the 3D body scan of the participant and was then printed using a 3D printer. The lumbar support garment was designed as a sleeveless wrap-style innerwear piece combined with lumbar support. Cross-sectional comparisons, a wear test, and an appearance evaluation were also conducted. The cross-sectional comparisons confirmed that wearing the lumbar support garment straightened the back and waist posture and tightened the abdomen. Three obese women in their 30s and 40s were recruited for the wear test and, based on the test results, the lumbar support garment scored very high on air permeability, material, washing, and long wearability. Furthermore, because the lumber support garment can be worn under another garment, the participants felt more comfortable psychologically. The support also received good scores on appearance evaluations. However, spine experts suggested reducing the support’s thickness to improve its functionality and appearance.
A narrative evaluation of a faith-based aftercare program for youth involved in the juvenile justice system
Authors: Ferolino Austin JP , Yap Reuel Joab C
Published: November 2022

This study reports on the preliminary outcome evaluation of the Magone Home Aftercare Program (MHAP), a faith-based juvenile justice residential facility in the Philippines that provides intensive aftercare treatment for adolescent males involved in the juvenile justice system after their time in a rehabilitation facility or community detention in their area of residence. Although evaluation studies are typically conducted using quantitative research methods, we believe a narrative research approach can be a useful methodology that elucidates “ why” and “ how” or “ the story” behind the success of the program. As such, we evaluated the effectiveness of the MHAP in facilitating the reintegration of its beneficiaries through the stories they tell. Particularly, we analyzed and compared the life stories of MHAP beneficiaries who have been successfully reintegrated into their respective communities within the frame of redemptive narrative identity. The analysis of the interview data revealed that the life stories of these former beneficiaries contained redemption scenes in which they drew on adverse childhood experiences (extreme poverty, parental neglect, abuse, abandonment, and crime) in realizing their true selves (by gaining wisdom from the past, opportunities, new sources of strength, and desire to help others). Importantly, the redemption narratives also contained key life episodes that recognized the MHAP as the key to their successful reintegration into society. Such findings provide valuable information (i.e. how the program has achieved its objectives) to all levels of the MHAP, from program beneficiaries and front-line staff to decision-makers and funders, as well as community partners.
The Opportunity of Now: Adopting Open Educational Resources in the Sociology Classroom and Beyond
Authors: Francis Robert D. , Hill Carleigh E. , Overmier Jenise
Published: November 2022

There is no better time than now for sociologists to adopt open educational resources (OER), and sociology as a discipline is well positioned to lead. Adopting OER takes seriously the well-documented financial challenges faced by many students, supports classroom and campus goals of equity and inclusion, and allows for increased instructor flexibility. However, OER are not without their difficulties and limitations. This conversation article suggests four ways for instructors to begin or advance their utilization of OER: Ask your librarian, start with an open textbook, join the existing OER conversation, and incorporate OER within one’s broader commitment to inclusive and empathetic pedagogy.
Clinical Overrides With the YLS/CMI: Predictive Validity and Associated Factors
Authors: Parent Geneviève , Bilodeau Marie-Pier , Laurier Catherine , Guay Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2022

This study explores the use of clinical override with the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI), including implications for predictive validity as well as the factors associated with this practice. The sample included 597 justice-involved youth from a metropolitan region in Québec, Canada. The clinical override was used in 32.5% of cases, usually to increase risk levels (30.3% of cases). As found in previous studies, clinical override did not increase the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI. Upward and downward clinical overrides were differently linked to the sociodemographic characteristics and criminal history of the youths in the sample. Criminal History, Peer Relations, Personality/Behavior, and Attitudes/Orientation risk/need domains were positively associated with upward override while Family Circumstances/Parenting, Personality/Behavior, and Attitudes/Orientation risk/need domains were negatively associated with downward override. These results are discussed in relation to the impact clinical override can have on the case management and interventions provided to justice-involved youth.
Improving Undergraduate Psychology Students’ Understanding of the Graduate School Application Process
Authors: Lang Brent , Lemanski Melanie R. , Heron Rebecca L. , Williams Kara S.
Published: November 2022

Background

More students with a bachelor’s degree in psychology are seeking graduate studies, though many lack knowledge about the admission process.

Objective

We created a brief educational presentation to increase student knowledge of the application process, positive outcome expectations for obtaining a master’s degree in psychology, and intention to apply.

Method

We recruited N = 55 undergraduate psychology majors at a public university in Texas. We randomly assigned participants to either a 52-min written or video version of the educational presentation.

Results

Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that participants increased their positive outcome expectations for a master’s degree in psychology and increased their perceived knowledge of the application process. Our qualitative content analysis revealed improvements in participants’ objective knowledge of what to include in a curriculum vitae and personal statement, who to ask for a letter of recommendation, and what resources exist for funding graduate school.

Conclusions

Professors could consider using evidence-based, brief educational presentations in mentoring undergraduate students on career goals including graduate study in psychology.

Teaching Implications

Additional training may be required to help educational professionals to incorporate evidence-based career planning during key stages of students’ undergraduate psychology study.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Extensive Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis and Initial Retropharyngeal Lymph Node Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ning Yudong , Qin Sheng , Zeng Dingfen , Zhou Yuqiu , Ma Linjie , Jiang Man , Wang Shaoxin
Published: November 2022

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is prone to regional lymph node metastasis, which is more common in central lymph nodes and lateral cervical lymph nodes, and retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis (RLNM) is extremely rare. A male with PTC presented with extensive cervical lymph node metastasis and the initial RLNM. After full evaluation by preoperative imaging examination, the patient underwent total thyroidectomy + left central lymph node dissection + left neck lymph node dissection (II III IV V) + left retropharyngeal tumor resection, and the postoperative recovery was good without recurrence long-term complications, and no local recurrence and metastasis were found during one-year follow-up.
Unpacking Virtual Work's Dual Effects on Employee Well-Being: An Integrative Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Hill N. Sharon , Axtell Carolyn , Raghuram Sumita , Nurmi Niina
Published: November 2022

Virtual work arrangements, whereby dispersed employees interact with each other using technology-mediated communication, can both positively and negatively impact their psychological well-being. Yet, research on these dual effects in different virtual work research domains (e.g., telecommuting, virtual teams, and computer-mediated work) is not well integrated, which limits insights into how their findings overlap and inform each other. Using a work design theoretical lens to synthesize findings from 115 empirical articles, we develop an integrative framework that advances understanding of how virtual work both helps and harms employee well-being. The framework explicates different pathways linking subdimensions of technology dependence and dispersion—two core dimensions underlying different types of virtual work—to well-being through employees’ perceived work characteristics. We identify four technology dependence and three dispersion subdimensions that differ in their degree of positive versus negative impact on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being outcomes as well as in the work characteristics that explain these effects. These findings suggest that employees’ well-being experiences in virtual work depend on the subdimensions involved and that the same subdimension can influence well-being both positively and negatively. Across the subdimensions, a dominant set of work characteristics in four categories (task, knowledge, social, and work context) explain virtual work’s dual effects on well-being, moderated by contingencies at different levels (individual, team, organization, and external context). These multilevel contingencies point to potential interventions for enhancing the benefits and mitigating the downsides of virtual work for employee well-being. Based on these insights, we develop a future research agenda and discuss practical implications.
Neutropenia in Cynomolgus Monkeys With Anti-Drug Antibodies Associated With Administration of Afucosylated Humanized Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Adedeji Adeyemi O. , Zhong Fiona , Getz Jennifer A. , Zhong Zoe , Halpern Wendy
Published: November 2022

Removal of the core fucose from the Fc region of humanized monoclonal antibodies (afucosylated antibodies) enhances their antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity activities in killing cancer cells. Based on the authors’ experience and literature, administrations of afucosylated antibodies have been associated with neutropenia in cynomolgus monkeys. However, in a recent general toxicology study conducted with an afucosylated antibody in cynomolgus monkeys, transient neutropenia was observed and correlated with the emergence of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) in the affected animals. To further explore the relationship between neutropenia, afucosylated antibodies, and ADAs in cynomolgus monkeys, we performed an investigational retrospective meta-analysis of data from general toxicology studies conducted with Genentech’s therapeutic antibodies administered to cynomolgus monkeys between 2005 and 2021. In this analysis, transient neutropenia strongly correlated with ADA-induced inflammation in cynomolgus monkeys administered afucosylated antibodies. This may reflect the simultaneous occurrence of two distinct processes of neutrophil elimination and utilization, thus overwhelming bone marrow reserve capacity leading to transient neutropenia. The integrated analysis of immunogenicity, and anatomic and clinical pathology results from these studies highlights the correlation of transient neutropenia in cynomolgus monkeys with ADA-related inflammation, potentially exacerbated by enhanced effector function of afucosylated antibodies.
A home gardening intervention to improve vegetable consumption among urban poor children: A study protocol for randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mok Kai Ting , Tung Serene En Hui , Kaur Satvinder , Chin Yit Siew , Martini Mohammad Yusoff , Ulaganathan Vaidehi
Published: November 2022

Background: One of the key importance of vegetable consumption is to obtain sufficient micronutrients, dietary fibre, and for the prevention of childhood obesity. Most Malaysian children did not meet the recommended intake of vegetable consumption, and this is especially vulnerable among the urban poor population due to food insecurity. Efforts are needed to promote vegetable consumption that fall short of the recommended intake level. Aim: This trial aims to examine the effectiveness of the “GrowEat” project, as a nutrition intervention programme integrated with home gardening activities to improve vegetable consumption among urban poor children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: This is a single-blinded parallel two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) that include 134 children. Two zones in Kuala Lumpur will be randomly selected, and three low-cost housing flats from each zone will be selected as the intervention and control groups respectively. The trial is designed based on the social cognitive theory (SCT). Children from the intervention group ( n = 67) will attend a 12-week programme, which consists of home garden-based activities, gardening and nutrition education session. Assessment will be conducted for both groups at three time points: baseline, post-intervention and follow-up phase at 3 months after the intervention. Conclusion: We anticipate positive changes in vegetable consumption and its related factors after the implementation of the “GrowEat” project. The current intervention may also serve as a model and can be extended to other urban poor population for similar interventions in the future to improve vegetable consumption, agriculture and nutrition awareness.
Effects of public–private partnership on diet-related obesity risk factors among school-aged children: A systematic literature review
Authors: Harrison Megan R
Published: November 2022

Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health challenge. Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have been proposed as a solution; however, valid concerns exist as to whether commercial interest can be balanced with public health goals. Aims: This study describes the effects of interventions carried out through PPPs on diet-related obesity risk factors, namely fruit and vegetable (F&V), sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), and energy-dense food consumption, among school-aged children. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted from January 1990 to December 2021 across three databases. Out of the 276 articles initially identified, 8 were included. Data were extracted from each article on study characteristics, partners involved, partnership descriptions, and partnership outcomes. A descriptive analysis included frequency counts for specific study attributes. Results: All studies took place in the United States and were published between 2010 and 2017. Most were cohort studies (75%) and involved structured, healthy lifestyle interventions (75%). Nearly all interventions included components targeting F&V consumption (88%), followed by energy-dense food consumption (50%), and SSB consumption (38%). Business sector partners were largely food producers, food retailers, and private healthcare providers; however, few studies provided details on their partnering arrangements. No studies reported harmful changes in diet-related obesity risk factors. Conclusion: Collaboration across sectors is needed to address drivers of obesity where children live, learn, and play. The small sample size and heterogeneity in this review prohibits definitive conclusions pertaining to the effect of PPPs on childhood obesity. Future research efforts are needed to develop a taxonomy for better classifying and examining PPPs.
The landscape of online news regarding genetically modified foods: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Samuel Lalitha , Basch Sawyer I.
Published: November 2022

Background

There has been substantial debate surrounding the use of genetically modified foods (GMFs).

Aim

The purpose of this study was to describe the content of news articles covering GMFs.

Methods

A search was completed on Google News using the key words “genetically modified foods” and the resulting 100 English-language news articles were analyzed for content.

Results

Only 26% of the articles analyzed were from professional or government sources. Among all content categories, definition or explanation of GMFs with a featured product as an example had the highest coverage, being addressed in 74% of the sample. Identification of GMFs from food labels (p = .001), was significantly associated with the source of the article (p > .05).

Conclusions

Opportunities exist for scientists, educators, and health experts to present evidence-based and science-based information, with a balanced emphasis on the risks and benefits of GMFs to help consumers to make well-informed choices.
Buying loyalty: Volatile voters and electoral clientelism
Authors: Gherghina Sergiu , Tap Paul
Published: November 2022

Electoral volatility and clientelism were traditionally analysed through the lenses of clientelistic behaviour by political actors. However, we know very little about the importance of volatility for the formation of attitudes towards clientelism within the electorate. This article addresses that gap by analysing the extent to which volatile voters are more likely to accept electoral clientelism as a political practice. We bring evidence from Romania, which is a crucial case due to its extensive use of clientelism in elections over time and high electoral volatility. The analysis uses individual-level data from a survey conducted on a national representative sample of 4316 respondents in 2021. Contrary to the theoretical expectations, the findings illustrate that loyal voters accept clientelism easier, which holds when controlling for variables such as targeting awareness, political interest, income, or education. These results have important implications for the study of elections and voting behaviour.
SLA as complex, dynamical and predictable: A Processability Theory perspective
Authors: Dyson Bronwen
Published: November 2022

This article enters the debate about the complex and dynamical nature of second language acquisition (SLA) by discussing and commenting on Pallotti’s critique of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST). Pallotti’s critique brings to the fore the argument that, due to its anti-reductionist stance, CDST research fails to observe three fundamental research criteria, namely that research should (1) construct models, (2) make generalizations and falsifiable predictions and (3) adopt clear empirical approaches. While Pallotti does not explore research already moving SLA beyond anti-reductionist approaches to complexity and dynamism, the debate can be advanced by examining research doing exactly this. This article aims to evaluate the extent to which Processability Theory (PT) – a theory of second language (L2) processing that advocates reductionism for the sake of theory construction – meets Pallotti’s criteria for researching L2 complexity and dynamics. By discussing Pallotti’s – and PT’s – criticisms of CDST, the article outlines the implied research criteria and delineates how PT meets these criteria by (1) its bidimensional design, (2) its generalizations and falsifiable predictions for development and variation, and (3) its operationalization of constructs. Findings from a longitudinal study of L2 English are presented. These findings elucidate that, by meeting the criteria, PT can reveal the predictable, implicational development of processing complexity in eight learners and the patterned, dynamical interaction between development and variation in the trajectories of two of these learners. The article concludes that PT fulfils Pallotti’s (2022) criteria and, by a reductionist approach which models SLA as multidimensional, it can generate what CDST cannot; dynamical and complex L2 systems which progress in predictable stages, with well-defined constraints on variation, including DST-defined constraints. The article closes by discussing the implications of PT’s approach for future research on L2 complexity and dynamics.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of a solitary neck mass: a case report of metastatic seminoma
Authors: Hu Ziyue , Yan Xiang , Dai Jiulong , Li Yanjie , Lu Man
Published: November 2022

Seminoma accounting for approximately 98% of malignant testicular tumours and it typically presents as a painless, palpable solid mass in the testis. Seminomas presenting only as a solitary neck mass are very rare. This case report describes a previously healthy 35-year-old male that presented with a 3-month history of the incidental discovery of a mass in his right neck. He had no testicular symptoms. He underwent neck ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, computed tomography and positron emission tomography. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (3.90 mIU/ml) was raised and alpha-fetoprotein (3.79 ng/ml) was within normal limits. Clinical examination and imaging examinations did not find any suspicious signs of testicular cancer. Biopsy from the neck mass confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic seminoma. The case report presents the ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound characteristics of seminoma and provides an update of the literature regarding this very rare metastatic site for seminomas.
Seeing off Empire: the life of Pearl Prescod
Authors: Bourne Jenny , Edmond-Pettitt Anya , Searle Chris
Published: November 2022

This article retrieves the life and cultural contributions to Britain of Trinidadian Pearl Prescod, singer, campaigner and the first Black female actor at the National Theatre. She is one of a generation of artists, performers, singers and intellectuals whose contribution to the creation of a Black and anti-colonial strand in British culture in the 1950s and ‘60s has been neglected. By tracking her life from her colonial origins through her migration to Britain and struggles to find work in the 1950s, to her brief break-out professional success in the 1960s and early death in 1966, she is pulled from the historical margins. Her life story, which touches on movements of so many hues – Negritude, Pan-Africanism, Black Power, Communism, campaigns for colonial freedom, the March on Washington, the Campaign Against Racial Discrimination − reveals the strong community connections and internationalism of the time. Pearl, the piece argues, was typical of a whole overlooked ‘West Indian generation’ (of educated and politically militant artists, writers, dramatists and actors) whose anti-colonial consciousness and creative activities challenge the popular accepted narrative of an undifferentiated ‘Windrush generation’. The piece contains an account of witnessing Pearl and her fellow actors perform at the National Theatre.
Operational Impact of the Through-Traffic Signal Prioritization for Heavy Commercial Vehicle Platooning on Urban Arterials
Authors: Chowdhury Tanvir , Park Peter Y. , Gingerich Kevin
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the operational impact of heavy commercial vehicle (HCV) platooning on urban arterials. HCV platooning is an important application of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) technology, with urban arterials facilitating an essential component of HCV movements when picking up and delivering goods. HCV platooning has the potential to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Moreover, the increasing HCV driver shortage problem can be alleviated if the vehicle following behind a lead vehicle can function without a driver by using autonomous technology enabling Society of Automotive Engineers Level 4 or higher. PTV VISSIM was used to develop a set of micro-simulation models that investigated the impact of traffic signal priority (TSP) and low levels (0%, 5%, and 10%) of HCV platooning. The performance measures include travel time and the number of stops. With the existing traffic control system, HCV platooning increased travel time and increased the number of stops for all vehicles including passenger cars and HCVs. TSP with 5% HCV platooning improved travel time and decreased the number of stops for all vehicles. TSP with 10% HCV platooning, however, only decreased travel time and the number of stops for passenger vehicles. The results suggest that a higher penetration rate of HCV platooning may create significant delays and overwhelm the traffic system even with the assistance of TSP. The findings of this study highlight the potential for TSP to mitigate the impact of HCV platooning on traffic congestion. However, the TSP system may not be a panacea that works for all traffic compositions.
Outsourcing Neighborhood Planning Processes? A Case Study of a Nonprofit in the City of Oklahoma City
Authors: Lee C. Aujean , Harris John C.
Published: November 2022

Nonprofits are key in local community development and often work in tandem with or against municipal governments in neighborhood planning. We focus on a unique case of a local government that largely contracts neighborhood planning processes to a nonprofit in Oklahoma City. Using thirty-nine interviews with municipal staff, nonprofit employees, and stakeholders, we examine the benefits and consequences of this contracting relationship on participatory processes. The findings reveal that the nonprofit excels at grassroots resident engagement but also faces constraints due to contract benchmarks. The findings offer implications on co-creating subcontractor goals and disparate neighborhood planning service outcomes.
Addressing the Methodological Challenges that Cloaked Profiles Pose to Digital Observations
Authors: Rabe Thea
Published: November 2022

Although digital ethnographic studies concerned with online misinformation have focused on analyzing the contents shared by “cloaked” profiles (concealed or fake identities), less attention has been given to the epistemological and ontological dilemmas that cloaked profiles pose to digital ethnography. This article deals with these issues by asking: how can digital ethnographers determine who and what we are observing? And how can we conduct online observations when confronted with cloaked profiles? Drawing on field research, this article argues that researchers would benefit from including more critical reflections on the presence of cloaked profiles and learning how to apply digital skills for how to unveil cloaked profiles. Such practices will challenge a commonly accepted ontology that online profiles represent human behavior and enhance researchers’ digital literacy and ability to recognize cloaked profiles. Finally, applying techniques to unveil cloaked profiles will arguably strengthen the hermeneutic process of knowledge production in digital observations.
Race, Labor and Postbellum Capitalism in Du Bois’s ‘The Negro Worker in America’
Authors: Major Aaron
Published: November 2022

In 1906, W.E.B. Du Bois published an article ‘L’Ouvrier Negre en Amerique’ (‘The Negro Worker in America’) which draws from original survey data and historical analysis to develop a theory of Black labors’ structural disadvantage in post Civil War US capitalism. ‘L’Ouvrier Negre en Amerique’ has essentially been forgotten. It has been accessible only to French speakers and has yet to be the subject of analysis or commentary. It deserves the full attention of not just Du Bois scholars, but all scholars who seek to understand the relationship between race, class, and capitalism in antebellum and post-Civil War America. Du Bois shows how White organized labor restricted Black workers’ access to union protections and the booming post-war labor market. His analysis highlights the interplay between racist ideology and the forces of racialized capitalism and reveals that the ‘early’ Du Bois critical, historical, materialist and attuned to socialist and labor politics.