bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reforma del comercio agrícola mundial: Inserción del sector agrícola de México bajo el TLCAN y el Acuerdo sobre Agricultura de la OMC, de 1994 a 2012
Authors: Macías Uribe Carlos
Published: December 2019

El capítulo agrícola del TLCAN y el Acuerdo Sobre la Agricultura de la OMC constituyen influencias externas de la reforma del sector agrícola de México como proceso histórico en constante transformación que moldean los términos de la operación económica del sector en un contexto de liberalización y apertura comercial. El trabajo sostiene que existe claramente una influencia de la política comercial externa, sobre la política agrícola interna y sus desenlaces en el marco institucional que conforma el modelo de regulación sectorial. La metodología de análisis revisa lo pactado en los ejes de “acceso a mercados”, “apoyos al productor” y “subsidios a la exportación” de la negociación dentro de estos tratados, y analiza el margen de acción y las decisiones de intervención estatal en cada uno de ellos en el periodo 1994-2012. Las conclusiones arrojan que estos dos acuerdos operan de manera complementaria y que existen rubros que otorgan al Estado un ámbito de acción que no ha sido utilizado suficientemente para intervenir en políticas que impulsen el desarrollo sectorial. Se analizan brevemente las características del orden alimentario internacional vigente, retomando los teóricos de la Economía Política Internacional (Gilpin, 1987, McMichael, 2009, Polanyi, 1957, Gray, 2000).
Resquicios de vida: Habitáculos humanos para los jornaleros agrícolas migrantes en México
Authors: Echeverría González María del Rocío , Ángeles Balcázar Alma Cecilia , Miranda Madrid Adela
Published: December 2019

En este trabajo se analizan los escenarios de alta precariedad que predominan en las moradas donde llegan a habitar los trabajadores rurales migrantes pertenecientes a los sectores más vulnerables de México. Desde una perspectiva primordialmente cualitativa, abordamos las similitudes y las diferencias en dos contextos de estudio, mediante la correlación de experiencias etnográficas realizadas en la gran empresa agrícola sinaloense y los pequeños emprendimientos del altiplano michoacano, con la finalidad de caracterizar la diversidad de formas donde se reproduce la vida cotidiana. Para el análisis se hace referencia de los factores y condiciones del espacio-habitación como categorías ligadas al objeto de estudio para contextualizar cómo afecta la relación y la conducta humana. En una primera mirada se contempló que no hace falta averiguar tanto lo que a simple vista resulta obvio: la inhóspita e injusta situación que prevalece en los espacios habitacionales; sin embargo, una segunda etapa indagatoria en términos de la descripción densa, sugiere desentrañar cómo se sobrelleva el conflicto-tolerancia- adaptación en la relación humana, para conformar un sistema habitacional “eficiente” y que los actores puedan continuar con un proyecto laboral agrícola.
Los estudios sobre infancia jornalera en México: Aportaciones, retos y futuras posibilidades para la expansión del campo de estudio
Authors: Glockner Fagetti Valentina
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo se propone destacar las contribuciones y los puntos de conexión más relevantes de un importante cuerpo de investigación sobre la infancia jornalera migrante producido en México a lo largo de las últimas décadas, y los estudios sociales sobre infancia, consolidados a principios de la década de los años 80 en Europa y Estados Unidos. Se propone que las investigaciones sobre infancia jornalera contribuyan a dar lugar y a desarrollar los estudios sociales sobre la infancia en México, así como ofrecer nuevas perspectivas para entender el funcionamiento del mercado agrícola global, la migración interna y la producción de la fuerza de trabajo jornalera. Además de retomar algunas de las contribuciones principales de estas investigaciones, también se señalan las líneas de análisis que todavía hace falta fortalecer y algunas temáticas centrales que no han sido todavía desarrolladas.
La relevancia de los gestores sistémicos en los procesos de innovación de los productores rurales de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Juárez Díaz Dolores , Coria Páez Ana Lilia , Tejeida Padilla Ricardo
Published: December 2019

Los pequeños productores rurales de la Ciudad de México han tenido que adaptarse a los modelos de crecimiento económico actual, así como a las reestructuraciones sociales derivadas del crecimiento de la zona urbana que ha traído consigo un desequilibrio geográfico, económico y social generando problemas entre ellos por la falta de vínculos y flujos de información. Es así que, los pequeños productores rurales experimentan dificultades en la interacción con otros agentes económicos, lo que incide en los procesos de innovación que generan competitividad. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender los procesos de innovación de los pequeños productores rurales de la Ciudad de México a través de un enfoque sistémico identificando las relaciones que surgen entre los agentes del sistema y destacando el papel de los gestores sistémicos de la innovación. La metodología utilizada es la Metodología de Sistemas Suaves, los resultados obtenidos muestran la importancia de la intervención de los gestores sistémicos en los procesos de innovación de los productores rurales para integrarlos, tomar en cuenta las diferentes perspectivas y establecer vínculos entre los actores participantes, además de promover el diálogo y la cooperación necesaria para que las innovaciones tengan éxito y aumenten su competitividad.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMIC MODELLING OF URBAN FLOOD INUNDATION CAUSED BY THE SOUTHWEST MONSOON TO CHARACTERIZE THE IMPACT OF TWENTY-YEAR DIFFERENCE IN LAND USE IN VALENZUELA-OBANDO-MEYCAUAYAN (VOM) USING FLO-2D
Authors: Cruz A. C. E. , Dizon J. M. D. , Mediavillo R. B. L. M. , Nepomuceno B. O. , Cunanan-Yabut A. , Vergel J. M. B.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The intensity of urban flooding area due to rapid urbanization in Metro Manila has been worsening over the years caused by the torrential rains brought by the Southwest Monsoon. To further characterize the impact of land use change influenced by urbanization, we compared the flood map generated from two periods (Year 200 & Year 2020) using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling simulated in FLO-2D software. In our simulations, we assigned roughness coefficient values to corresponding land use category derived from an earlier study in the area previously spearhead by JICA in 2001. Each model will incorporate the implemented Year 2000 land use and the projected Year 2010 land use classification respectively, which were used in this earlier study. Meanwhile, both models will use the same sets of parameters for the simulation: IFSAR-derived DEM elevation model and a rainfall event with 10-yr return period. The area of interest of this study is located near Valenzuela-Obando-Meycauayan (VOM) with its boundaries defined from the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority. The flood simulations conducted do not take into consideration in existing flood control measures such as drainage systems and floodwalls to minimize the complexity of the model. The results are evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. According to the results, the impact of the land use change on flood formation in most areas are insignificant due to a low degree of land use change. However, there has been substantial impact on flooding in specific areas where there is a major change in the land use. For further studies, we recommend the use of a longer land use change period and the consideration of more varied and precise Manning’s n-values.
LINEAR SPECTRAL UNMIXING OF SENTINEL-3 IMAGERY FOR URBAN LAND COVER - LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE (LST) ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF METRO MANILA, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Cruz C. , Blanco A. C. , Babaan J. , Cruz J. A. , Sta. Ana R. R. , Paringit E.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The advancement of remote sensing technologies is a huge advantage in various environmental applications including the monitoring of the rapid development in an urban area. This study aims to estimate the composition of the different classes (vegetation, impervious surfaces, soil) in Metro Manila, Philippines using a 300-meter spatial resolution Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument image. The relationship between these land cover fractions with the spatial distribution of land surface temperature at this scale is evaluated. Sentinel-3 image has a higher spectral resolution (i.e. 21 bands), as compared with other Landsat and Sentinel missions, which is a requirement for an accurate cover mapping. Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU), a sub-pixel classification method, was employed in identifying the fractional components in the image based on their spectral characteristics. Field survey using spectroradiometer was conducted to acquire spectral signatures of an impervious surface, vegetation, and soil which were used as the endmembers in the unmixing process. To assess the accuracy of the resulting vegetation fractional image, this was compared with a separate land cover pixel-based classification result using a 3-meter high spatial resolution PlanetScope image and with another vegetation index product of Sentinel-3. The results indicate that the recently available Sentinel-3 image can accurately estimate vegetation fraction with R2 = 0.84 and 0.99, respectively. In addition, the land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from Climate Engine is negatively correlated with the vegetation fraction cover (R2 = 0.81) and positively correlated with the impervious surface fraction cover (R2 = 0.66). Soil, on the other hand, has no correlation with the LST.
SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE URBAN COOLING ISLAND (UCI) EFFECT OF WATER SPACES IN A HIGHLY URBANIZED CITY: A CASE STUDY OF ILOILO RIVER AND ADJACENT WETLANDS
Authors: Cruz J. A. , Santos J. A. , Garcia J. J. , Blanco A. C. , Moscoso A. D.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Iloilo City, a highly urbanized city in the Philippines, experiences intensified climate change impacts due to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon, one of which is the significant increase in temperature. To mitigate UHI, recent studies investigated the cooling effect of water bodies due to its higher rate of evapotranspiration compared to green spaces. This study aims to spatiotemporally assess the Urban Cooling Island (UCI) effect of Iloilo River and adjacent wetlands on the surrounding microclimate using geospatial techniques. Landsat images were processed to generate land surface temperature (LST) and land cover layers of the study area for the years 1994, 1998, 2003, 2005, 2013, 2016, and 2019. UCI Scale (influence range of the cooling effect), Temperature Difference (difference in temperature between water space and the area within the UCI scale), and UCI Intensity (temperature gradient within the UCI scale) were calculated using multiple-ring buffers with 50-m interval to quantify variations in cooling effect of the water space at distinct surrounding regions over a long time period. Results of the study show that wetland area has a weak negative relationship with the UCI indices which could mean that cooling effect is not solely dependent on wetland size, while moderate to very strong negative correlations were calculated between temperature difference and precipitation (r = −0.48 to −0.82). Furthermore, rapid expansion of built-up areas at different sections along the river have resulted to reduced UCI scale (r = −0.37 to −0.75) and stronger cooling intensity (r = 0.55 to 0.84).
MAPPING FOREST ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: A REVIEW
Authors: Ajrhough S. , Maanan M. , Mharzi Alaoui H. , Rhinane H. , El Arabi E. H.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Managing multiple ecosystem services (ES) across forest landscape, constitute a growing field of research. It represents a key challenge that attempts to optimize the trade-offs among provisioning, supporting, regulating and cultural ES. Here, we review approaches and shortcomings on some anterior FES studies. Three main components are presented, 1) an overview of the current state of research, 2) a summary of main methods adopted 3) an identification of principal approaches' restrictions. Several conclusions emerge: most of the studies focus on a limited number of FES which might undermine the long-term provision of other FES, or converge to using free software models which are practical and low-cost but require enormous data. This reveals how the lack of existing inventories and evaluations impacts the choice of methodologies and lead to use indirect methods of measurement. However, researches that aim to understand the relationships and conflicts among multiple FES and seeks to find out the best management regime will improve our ability to sustainably fulfil economic, ecologic and social goals.
GEOSTATISTICAL AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF EARTHQUAKES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Dilig I. J. A. , San Juan W. I. M.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The Philippine region is one of the most natural hazard-prone areas. Hazards from an earthquake event, or seismic hazards, may be addressed with the analysis of the previous occurrences across the country. This was performed by analyzing earthquake hot spots or clusters using geostatistical methods such as Getis-Ord Gi* and Anselin Local Moran's I. This study mapped the earthquake events per magnitude from 1975 to 2019, and determined the hot spots, and its patterns across the Philippine region. It also compared the results of a prediction output from a 2016 study, and performed a quick temporal analysis of the earthquakes from 1975 to 2019. This study was able to determine the earthquake hot spots, mostly in the southern provinces, and with most of which lie along the major trenches.
GEOVISUAL ANALYTICS ON THE VERIFICATION OF THE PAGASA OPERATIONAL NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL RAINFALL FORECAST
Authors: Flores R. A. A.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Assessment of NWP model performance is an integral part of operational forecasting as well as in research and development. Understanding the bias propagation of an NWP model and how it propagates across space can provide more insight in determining underlying causes and weaknesses not easily determined in traditional methods. The study aims to introduce the integration of the spatial distribution of error in interpreting model verification results by assessing how well the operational numerical weather prediction system of PAGASA captures the country’s weather pattern in each of its climate type. It also discusses improvements in model performance throughout the time-frame of analysis. Error propagation patterns were identified using Geovisual Analytics to allow comparison of verification scores among individual stations. The study concluded that a major update in the physics parameterization of the model in 2016 and continued minor updates in the following years, surface precipitation forecasts greatly improved from an average RMSE of 9.3, MAE of 3.2 and Bias of 1.36 in 2015 to an RMSE of 7.9, MAE of 2.5 and bias of −0.63 in 2018.
POSITIONAL ACCURACY ASSESSMENT USING SINGLE AND MULTI-GNSS
Authors: Garcia H. H. , Mercurio M. E. , Noveloso D. P. , Reyes R. B.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provides users worldwide with a three-dimensional positioning, velocity and time solution 24-hour service using transmitted radio signals from orbiting satellites in space. Dependency on the number of satellites available during observation can improve satellite geometry and increase redundancy which be a factor for the quality of GNSS positioning result. Each position derived from different combinations of satellite systems were evaluated aside from using GPS only. The test is conducted by single and relative positioning method using survey grade receivers. Post-processing of GNSS data were processed in an open source software, RTKLIB, getting the RMS and 2DRMS of each position derived from different combination. The resulting satellite system combination for single positioning for horizontal were better considering the inclusion of GPS and BeiDou. However, position accuracy degrades when the inclusion of GLONASS and/or GALILEO during the processing. For relative positioning, position derived from the inclusion of GALILEO, BeiDou and QZSS degrades the results. For height results in single positioning method, the displacement from the mean value is about 4.00 meters which is derived from Galileo only satellite system.
ASSESSMENT OF SEAGRASS PERCENT COVER AND WATER QUALITY USING UAV IMAGES AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS IN BOLINAO, PANGASINAN
Authors: Guerrero M. K. M. R. , Vivar J. A. M. , Ramos R. V. , Tamondong A. M.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The sensitivity to changes in water quality inherent to seagrass communities makes them vital for determining the overall health of the coastal ecosystem. Numerous efforts including community-based coastal resource management, conservation and rehabilitation plans are currently undertaken to protect these marine species. In this study, the relationship of water quality parameters, specifically chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and turbidity, with seagrass percent cover is assessed quantitatively. Support Vector Machine, a pixel-based image classification method, is applied to determine seagrass and non-seagrass areas from the orthomosaic which yielded a 91.0369% accuracy. In-situ measurements of chl-a and turbidity are acquired using an infinity-CLW water quality sensor. Geostatistical techniques are utilized in this study to determine accurate surfaces for chl-a and turbidity. In two hundred interpolation tests for both chl-a and turbidity, Simple Kriging (Gaussian-model type and Smooth- neighborhood type) performs best with Mean Prediction equal to −0.1371 FTU and 0.0061 μg/L, Root Mean Square Standardized error equal to −0.0688 FTU and −0.0048 μg/L, RMS error of 8.7699 FTU and 1.8006 μg/L and Average Standard Error equal to 10.8360 FTU and 1.6726 μg/L. Zones are determined using fishnet tool and Moran’s I to calculate for the seagrass percent cover. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) is used as a regression analysis to quantify the relationship of seagrass percent cover and water quality parameters. The regression analysis result indicates that turbidity has an inverse relationship while chlorophyll-a has a direct relationship with seagrass percent cover.
GATEWAY: A GEOSPATIAL ANALYTICS SYSTEM
Authors: Lao L. J. , Harder B. J.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. This paper presents an overview of the Gateway web platform, a proprietary geospatial analytics system developed by Cobena Business Analytics and Strategy, Inc.1 The application is intended to serve as a user-friendly and easily-accessible tool for spatial data analysis and visualization geared toward non-technical specialists. Gateway’s core functionalities hinge on mapping and data visualization (choropleths and points) alongside traditional scoring methods and built-in machine learning algorithms for area prioritization and site selection. Gateway provides an interactive, cloud-based environment that abstracts and simplifies common location-based analyses. A core strength of the platform is also its heavy localization to the Philippine context through a curated database of market information — with future plans to create local counterparts across SEA — which reduces the need for extensive external market data collection and reconciliation. The paper gives a brief review of the system design and key features of the platform. It also highlights some key applications across industries such as real estate, consumer goods, and retail in informing expansion and distribution strategies, prioritizing resource allocation, and analyzing historical performance against market factors.
MAPPING OF SARGASSUM DISTRIBUTION IN THE EASTERN COAST OF SOUTHERN LEYTE USING SENTINEL 2 SATELLITE IMAGERY
Authors: Lasquites J. J. , Blanco A. C. , Tamondong A.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Sargassum is a brown seaweed distributed in the Philippines and recognized as an additional source of income for fishing communities. Due to uncontrolled harvesting of the seaweed, the Department of Agriculture regulated its collection and harvesting by imposing seasonal restrictions. Hence, the need to identify the locations and cover of healthy Sargassum is vital to address the demand in the market while maintaining ecological balance in the marine ecosystem. Two Sentinel-2 satellite imagery (10 m resolution) acquired on December 08, 2017 (peak growth) and May 27, 2018 (senescence stage) were used to map the presence of Sargassum in the eastern coast of Southern Leyte. Supervised classification using maximum likelihood algorithm and accuracy assessment were conducted before generating the map. Three classes were considered namely Sargassum, clouds and land. Furthermore, Anselin Local Moran’s I (cluster and outlier analysis) was conducted to determine which areas have significant clustering of “healthy” Sargassum using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). For both image dates, high classification accuracies of Sargassum were obtained in the islands. However, there are misclassifications of Sargassum in Silago (UA = 78.72%) and Hinunangan (PA = 82.35%) using the May image. Furthermore, misclassification of Sargassum were obtained in Silago (PA = 93.6%) and Hinundayan (PA = 96.23%) using the December image. Clusters of high NDVI values are more evident in December. Healthy Sargassum are apparent in the coast of Silago and mostly found near shore and in rocky substrates.
ESTIMATION OF CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION IN SAMPALOC LAKE USING UAS MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Maravilla R. M. G. , Quinalayo J. P. , Blanco A. C. , Candido C. G. , Gubatanga E. V. , Ticman K. D. V.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Sampaloc Lake is providing livelihood for the residents through aquaculture. An increase in the quantity of fish pens inside the lake threatens its water quality condition. One parameter being monitored is microalgal biomass by measuring Chlorophyll-a concentration. This study aims to generate a chlorophyll-a concentration model for easier monitoring of the lake. In-situ water quality data were collected using chl-a data logger and water quality meter at 357 and 12 locations, respectively. Using Parrot Sequoia+ Multispectral Camera, 1496 of 2148 images were acquired and calibrated, producing 18x18cm resolution Green (G), Red(R), Red Edge (RE) and Near Infrared (NIR) reflectance images. NIR was used to mask out non-water features, and to correct sun glint. The in-situ data and the pixel values extracted were used for Simple Linear Regression Analysis. A model with 5 variables – R/NIR, RE2, NIR2, R/NIR2, and NIR/RE2, was generated, yielding an R2 of 0.586 and RMSE of 0.958 μg/l. A chlorophyll-a concentration map was produced, showing that chl-a is higher where fish pens are located and lowers as it moves away from the pens. Although there are apparent fish pens on certain areas of the lake, it still yields low chlorophyll-a because of little amount of residential area or establishments adjacent to it. Also, not all fish pens have the same concentration of Chlorophyll-a due to inconsistent population per fish pen. The center of the lake has low chlorophyll-a as it is far from human activities. The only outlet, Sabang Creek, also indicates high concentration of Chlorophyll-a.
DIWATA-2 TARGETING ASSESSMENT AND ATTITUDE ERROR DETERMINATION USING A QUATERNION-BASED TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Monay K. , Olivar F. R. , Magallon B. J. , Tupas M. E. A.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Target pointing assessment of a space-borne satellite is vital to its operations especially on microsatellites that have limited camera field of view and attitude control components like in the case of Diwata-2. In this study, two scientific payloads of the satellite were used: the Enhanced Resolution Camera (ERC) with a field of view (FoV) of 89.8 × 67.5 km and a resolution of 54.6 m; and the High Precision Telescope (HPT) with a FoV of 3.1 × 2.3 km and a resolution of 4.7 m. Errors in pointing especially on a payload with a small field of view like the HPT could mean the satellite missing its target. The target pointing of Diwata-2 is assessed by firstly, computing the differences in the coordinates of the planned target, the center of the actual image taken by the satellite and the projected target from the satellite’s attitude logs. As such, a quaternion-based transformation system is created to simulate the satellite’s local vertical local horizontal system from a given Earth-centered inertial system. Secondly, the differences were then tabulated, and its averages were computed to derived pointing corrections. Applying the algorithm to the satellite’s images shows that there is an average error in pitch and roll of 0.590° and 0.004°, 6.436° and 6.503°, −5.8465° and −6.499° between the set target to the actual image acquired, between the actual image and from attitude logs and between the set target and from the attitude logs, respectively.
ANALYZING THE STATUS OF MANGO TREES IN BRGY. CANTIPAY, CARMEN, CEBU USING NDVI AND TIME SERIES CLUSTERING
Authors: Navaja R. B. , Campomanes F. P. , Patiño C. L. , Flores M. J. L.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The Department of Agriculture – Region VII reports that many mango orchards in Cebu province are dying because of the absence of required post-harvest attention. Lacklustre yields and erratic pest infestations have driven some farmers and growers to abandon mango orchards. To help revive low-yielding mango orchards, there is a need to distinguish actively bearing mango trees from those that remain dormant throughout the year. Using remote sensing techniques, mango trees from separate orchards in Brgy. Cantipay, Carmen, Cebu were mapped and studied using multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data (from January 2018 through May 2019). Prior to that, a field visit was conducted to survey the area using UAVs and field observation, and in the process, was able to identify an abandoned mango orchard. Pixel-based Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values were extracted from each of the 822 geotagged mango trees with an average of 16 trees among 53 divisions. Time series were derived from the average of the NDVI values from each division and plotted per month of extraction from oldest to latest. Clustering was applied to the time series data using Hierarchical Clustering with Ward’s Minimum Variance as an algorithm to determine the divisions with the closest time series. Using the resulting dendrogram as basis, two major clusters were selected based on the value of their distances with each other: Cluster 1 containing 29 Divisions, and Cluster 2 containing 24 Divisions. Cluster 1 contains most of the Divisions in and around the biggest active mango orchard. In contrast, Cluster 2 contains most of the Divisions that are in and around the previously identified abandoned mango orchard. An alternative dendrogram was also created by using Complete Linkage algorithm in Hierarchical Clustering, after which 3 relevant clusters were selected. The second dendrogram highlights the stark difference between Division 1, contained in Cluster 3, from the rest of the other clustered divisions at 2.17 units from the next closest one. Notably, Division 1 is located smack in the middle of the abandoned orchard The remaining clusters, Cluster 2 with 21 divisions containing most of the divisions in the abandoned orchard, is 2.46 distance units away from Cluster 1, which has 31 and hosting most of the divisions in the active mango orchards. Two major clusters emerged from using the two algorithms. Divisions with higher and more variant NDVI values seemed to come from the mango trees which were more active during the fruiting cycle. Divisions from the abandoned mango orchards were observed to have lower and less varied NDVI values because of minimal activity in the trees. Other Divisions clustered under the abandoned orchard could have been juveniles based on their size.
PV POWER PLANTS SITES SELECTION USING GIS-FAHP BASED APPROACH IN NORTH-WESTERN MOROCCO
Authors: Sedrati M. , Maanan M. , Rhinane H.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Energy plays a crucial role in the economy of any country. One of the most recent trends in global development is the transition to "green” growth. Morocco is keeping pace with its growth by promising to increase renewable energy capacity to 42% of total installed capacity by 2020 and to 52% by 2030. This study develops a framework that aims to determine the optimal areas for deploying photovoltaic (PV) installation in two stages. The first stage aims at excluding the undesirable areas such as forests, rivers and agricultural land. The second stage consists in defining the suitability of sites based on seven criteria; solar irradiation, land surface temperature, slopes, slope orientation, distance from power lines, distance from main roads, distance of urban area. In this study we are using fuzzy logic and fuzzy membership functions in order to create criteria layers in the environment of Geographic Information System (GIS) that allowing the integration of a Multi-Criterion Decision Analysis (MCDA) to identify the best sites to deploy PV solar power plants in north-western Morocco. Also, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique is used to determine weights for each one of the criteria. Results obtained from the spatial approach shows that the major portion of the studied area was judged inappropriate for solar farms installations. Also, it shows that only 5.11% (8500 Ha) of the territory demonstrate high suitability for PV solar installations located in the southern part of our studied area with a potential of electricity generation, from the areas with high suitability level, assuming a PV system efficiency of 6.48%; equivalent to 5.39 Twh/year with an installed capacity of 4.02 GW and an annual carbon emission reduction of 3 697.54 Kt-CO2/year. The resulting suitability map can be used as a decision support tool to help the public policy makers to integrate green energy into their policies.
PREDICTION OF FLASH FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY USING FUZZY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (FAHP) ALGORITHMS AND GIS: A STUDY CASE OF GUELMIM REGION IN SOUTHWESTERN OF MOROCCO
Authors: Talha S. , Maanan M. , Atika H. , Rhinane H.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. In recent decades, many of the countries around the world as well as the south-western Morocco (Guelmim region, Assaka watershed), was subject to flood-storm causing huge human and material damages. The current study focuses on the Prediction of flash flood susceptibility using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) algorithms and Geographic Information System (GIS) technical. Flash floods areas were identified based on seven flash flood conditioning factors (Soil Moisture Index (SMI), Drainage Density, Rainfall, LULC, Altitude, Slope and Soil). Using AHP the weight derived for the factors were SMI 37% Rainfall 24.30%, Drainage Density 15.57%, LULC 9.98% Altitude 6.39% Slope of the river basin 4.06% and Soil type 2.70%. Then, applying a fuzzy inference system to create flash flood vulnerability maps. The resulting maps were classified into three categories: low, moderate and high flash flood susceptibility; indicated that the areas at the outlet of the watershed and which are close of the main affluent wadis (Seyyad and Oum Al-Achar) were very susceptible to flooding. This study will be helping these zones to be prioritized for the conservation and managing of flash floods.
FIRE SPREAD PREDICTION USING PROBABILISTIC CELLULAR AUTOMATA: THE CASE OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Tan E. E. , Vicente A. J.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Fire disasters are common occurrences in the urban settlements of the Philippines. Concerned agencies like the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and the Disaster and Risk Reduction Management Office (DRRMO) are constantly planning ways to prevent and mitigate fire disasters. The key to an effective plan against fire disaster is understanding how a potential fire can spread in a community. By combining both GIS and Probabilistic Cellular Automata (PCA), this paper solves the task of fire spread modeling and simulation. PCA is a model that consists of a regular grid of cells, whose cells are updated according to rules that take into account both the cell’s current state and the cell’s neighbors’ states. The model we developed factors in wind, building materials, and building density. The model was designed after several fires in major cities of Cebu, Philippines. An accuracy of 83.54% and a Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of 0.67 was achieved. Further, a web-based tool was developed to aid in fire disaster planning.
MODELING SPECIES DISTRIBUTION OF SHOREA GUISO (BLANCO) BLUME AND PARASHOREA MALAANONAN (BLANCO) MERR IN MOUNT MAKILING FOREST RESERVE USING MAXENT
Authors: Tumaneng M. R. , Tumaneng R. , Tiburan Jr. C.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Climate change is regarded as one of the most significant drivers of biodiversity loss and altered forest ecosystems. This study aimed to model the current species distribution of two dipterocarp species in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve as well as the future distribution under different climate emission scenarios and global climate models. A machine-learning algorithm based on the principle of maximum entropy (Maxent) was used to generate the potential distributions of two dipterocarp species – Shorea guiso and Parashorea malaanonan. The species occurrence records of these species and sets of bioclimatic and physical variables were used in Maxent to predict the current and future distribution of these dipterocarp species. The variables were initially reduced and selected using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Moreover, two global climate models (GCMs) and climate emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) projected to 2050 and 2070 were utilized in the study. The Maxent models predict that suitable areas for P. malaanonan will decline by 2050 and 2070 under RCP4.5 and RCP 8.5. On the other hand, S. guiso was found to benefit from future climate with increasing suitable areas. The findings of this study will provide initial understanding on how climate change affects the distribution of threatened species such as dipterocarps. It can also be used to aid decision-making process to better conserve the potential habitat of these species in current and future climate scenarios.
SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELLING OF TWO SPECIES ENDEMIC TO THE PHILIPPINES TO SHOW THE APPLICABILITY OF MAXENT
Authors: Untalan M. Z. G. , Burgos D. F. M. , Martinez K. P.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Maxent is a machine learning model used for species distribution modelling (SDM) that is rising in popularity. As with any species distribution model, it needs to be validated for certain species before being used to generate insights and trusted predictions. Using Maxent, SDM of two endemic species in the Philippines, Varanus palawanensis (Palawan monitor lizard) and Caprimulgus manillensis (Philippine nightjar), were created using presence-only data, with 14 V. palawanensis and 771 C. manillensis occurrences, and 19 bioclimatic variables from BIOCLIM. This study shows the consistency to historical facts of Maxent on two endemic species of the Philippines of varying nature. The applicability of Maxent on the two very different species show that Maxent has high likelihood to give good results for other species. Showing that Maxent is applicable to the species of the Philippines gives additional tools for ecologists and national administrators to lead the development of the Philippines in the direction that conserves the biodiversity of the Philippines and that increases the productivity and quality of life in the Philippines.
SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A CLOSED CANOPY AND OPEN CANOPY FOREST IN NORTHERN SIERRA MADRE NATURAL PARK
Authors: Vidad C. , Sarmiento C. J. , Arellano C. M. , Faelga R. A. , Lopez R. , Maralit A. A. , Pamittan F. J. , Tandoc F. A. , Paringit E. C.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Forest lands play crucial roles in nutrient recycling and climate regulation. The change of closed canopy forests to open canopy forests may indicate disturbance within the closed canopy forest. Within the local context of the Philippines, few studies have been conducted to monitor changes in closed canopy forest lands. Efforts to do so are limited by the spatial extent, remoteness and ruggedness of closed canopy forests. Satellite imagery can cover the spatial extent of forest lands as well as provide constant revisit periods for monitoring. However, while multispectral imaging can detect changes in land cover, it has limitations when detecting the subtler change from closed canopy to open canopy forest cover. This study aims to provide baseline spectral characterization of a closed canopy forest in the Philippines. For this study, a hyperspectral sensor (EO1-Hyperion) with 198 band channels ranging from 426.82 nm to 2395.50 nm and a pixel size of 30 m was used to characterize the spectral variations of closed canopy forest, open canopy forest, shrubs and cropland in Northern Sierra Madre, Philippines. Multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) was employed to sort the image into classes as well as to characterize intra-spectral variations among the identified classes. Spectral library endmembers were assembled, optimized and used to classify the image. The spectral libraries were optimized by using Endmember Average Root Mean Square Error (EAR) , Minimum Average Spectral Angle (MASA) and Iterative Endmember Selection (IES). Results overall agreement is 0.56 for EAR and IES and kappa coefficient is at 0.4.
INTEGRATING IMAGE AT DIFFERENT SPATIAL RESOLUTIONS AND FIELD DATA FOR SEAGRASS PERCENT COVER MAPPING
Authors: Wicaksono P. , Lazuardi W. , Munir M.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. There are not many discussion or previous works that specifically address the issue of integrating small field plot size (1 m2) and image at different spatial resolutions in the seagrass percent cover (PC) mapping using remote sensing. This is important to determine the spatial resolution of image that can still be effectively integrated with 1 × 1 m plot size field data. This research aimed at assessing the accuracy and spatial distribution of seagrass PC map modelled from image at different spatial resolutions, using seagrass field data measure at 1 m2 plot size. Two multispectral satellite images namely WorldView-2 (2 m) and PlanetScope (3 m) were used for this research and simulated to 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 30 m. Kemujan and Lombok Island were selected as the study area, and seagrass beds in each island have different characteristics. Machine learning random forest regression was used to perform empirical modelling and the mapping accuracy was assessed using independent seagrass PC samples. The results indicated that 1 m2 plot size is still effective to be integrated with image up to 30 m spatial resolution, where the RMSE and overall seagrass PC pattern is relatively similar but the level of information precision is reduced at lower spatial resolution. Furthermore, we found out that the main factor that strongly determines the success use of 1 m2 plot size and the mapping accuracy is the configuration of the seagrass bed in the study area. Seagrass PC in the more continuous seagrass bed can be mapped with higher accuracy than in patchy seagrass bed.
DETERMINATION OF CIGARETTE SMOKE DISPERSION USING OPTICAL RGB CAMERA AND DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Authors: Bernardino J. Y. , Velasco K. N. , Ramos R. V. , Vergara K. P.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Across ages, the rapid prevalence of cigarette smoking has consistently posed adverse threats to both human health and the environment. Moreover, smoke dispersed from a single cigarette could expose serious respiratory problems to a number of non-smokers within the area. Cigarette smoke has always been a notorious, human-induced health risk and air pollutant thus, the urgent need to develop smoke management schemes by exploring strategies on observing cigarette smoke dispersion. This research aims to incorporate the potential of optical RGB cameras in the study of smoke dispersion. Through digital image processing of experimental smoking videos, a spatiotemporal visualization of smoke dispersion for an indoor and outdoor environment were created. Smoke movement starting from the source was observed in terms of smoke pixel density and maximum horizontal extent. Quantitatively, the results showed a relative maximum extent of 1.21 meters which lasted for 2 seconds for an outdoor environment while 1.05 meters which lasted for 6 seconds for an indoor environment. The maximum relative smoke pixel density values calculated for the outdoor and indoor environment are 1.46% and 1.12% respectively. The resulting graphs were indicative of a trend that creates a normal distribution curve that can be affected by external factors and represent a function relating dispersion and distance. The results of this study prove the capability of optical RGB cameras as an alternative and cost-efficient method in studying smoke dispersion. Furthermore, this practical method of monitoring smoke dispersion could lead to comprehensive analyses of air quality management and health exposure assessments.
What Makes Spanish-Accented English Sound Spanish-Accented? Acoustic Measures and Listener Cues
Authors: P. Shah Amee
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to understand which acoustic parameters of Spanish-accented English are correlated with listeners’ perception of Spanish-accentedness. Temporal differences were analyzed in multisyllabic target words spoken in sentences by 22 Spanish speakers of English and five native speakers of American English (AE). Recordings were presented to AE listeners who judged the degree of accentedness on a 9-point scale. Spearman rank order correlation showed that the listeners’ ratings of degree of accentedness in sentences correlated strongly (r= +0.82) with those in words. Listeners’ ratings of accentedness correlated in varying degrees with various temporal measures, namely Overall word durations (+0.04 to +0.56), Stressed/unstressed vowel duration ratios (–0.01 to +0.35), Voice Onset Time of stops (+0.26 to +0.36), and, closure duration (+0.29 to +0.59). Results suggest that Spanish-accented English is characterized by systematic temporal differences from native AE, and that these temporal differences contribute to the perception of accentedness. Implications of findings in improving theoretical understanding and applied practices are discussed.
Analysis on the Impact of Leadership to Employee Performance Considering Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction as Mediators
Authors: Riyadi M. Arief , Soeling Pantius D.
Published: December 2019

This paper examines organizational culture, leadership, employee performance and job satisfaction at Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia. During the two periods of the current incumbent dean leadership, there are still many unresolved problems mainly problems related to human resources quality, employee discipline, low performance and others. This situation might occur due to the absence of clear written organizational culture in the Faculty of Humanities. Based on the background above, this paper will discuss how organizational culture and job satisfaction mediate leadership and job performance in order to support the implementation of academic activities at Universitas Indonesia, especially the Faculty of Humanities. The results show that (1) leadership has positive influence on employee performance, organizational culture, and job satisfaction (2) organizational culture has positive influence on employee performance (3) job satisfaction has positive influence on employee performance (4) organizational culture becomes the mediator between leadership and employee performance (5) job satisfaction becomes the mediator between leadership and employee performance.
Older Adults’ Use of Online Personal Learning Networks to Construct Communities of Learning
Authors: Morrison Dirk
Published: December 2019

This study investigated how retired older adults (age 55+) use the Internet and social media tools to facilitate their informal, self-directed learning by creating and maintaining online personal learning networks (oPLNs). The research examined what information and communication technologies (ICT) participants included in their oPLNs and how they used these oPLNs to activate and self-direct their informal learning. Employing the web-conferencing tool WebEx, four online focus groups and four one-to-one audio interviews were conducted allowing for a total of 15 voluntary, geographically-dispersed participants from across Canada to synchronously interact and exchange their experiences and insights regarding their oPLNs. Using a thematic analysis method, the discussion transcripts generated were analyzed to examine learning contexts, strategies to manage learning, motivation to learn and achievement of learning goals, as well as to discover emergent themes. It was clear from our findings that oPLNs provided a virtual "learning community" that supported informal, self-directed learning via learner participation and interaction opportunities fostered by ICT-based tools and processes.
Hypertension, hypokalemia, and left adrenal tumor mimicking primary aldosteronism in a patient with 17α-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Huang Shu-Heng , Hwang Daw-Yang , Hwang Shang-Jyh
Published: December 2019

17α-hydroxylase deficiency (17OHD) is a rare disorder of secondary hypertension caused by congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In addition, co-occurrence of an adrenal tumor with 17OHD is extremely rare and easily misdiagnosed. A 33-year-old female with sicca syndrome, persistent hypertension, hypokalemia, and a left adrenal tumor was referred for confirmation of primary aldosteronism. However, the absence of secondary sexual characteristics, persistent growth beyond puberty, and laboratory data of low plasma renin activity, high aldosterone, low cortisol, low sex hormones, elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone, elevated luteinizing hormone, elevated follicle-stimulating hormone, and most importantly, decreased 17-hydroxypregnenolone, supported a diagnosis of 17OHD. We sequenced the CYP17A1 gene of the patient and her parents, which demonstrated genetic defects (D487-S,488-F489 deletion and Y329K418X). 17OHD was diagnosed. The left adrenal tumor was assessed, and a non-functional adrenal incidentaloma was confirmed; NP-59 adrenal cortical scintigraphy and adrenal venous sampling showed no functional activity and non-lateralization. Hormone replacements with estrogen, spironolactone, and prednisolone were given. The patient became more feminized and confident, and her hypertension was controlled. Early diagnosis and treatment of 17OHD not only can prevent delay development of secondary sexual characteristics but also help the patient maintain mental health and improve their quality of life. In addition, the concomitant presence of a left adrenal tumor makes misdiagnosis of a functional adenoma more likely, possibly causing unnecessary surgery and delay inappropriate treatment.
Symbolism in V. Woolf's “Orlando” (Cognitive Tools of Figurative Thought)
Authors: Davidko Natalya
Published: December 2019

The current research is devoted to the study of the oak tree symbolism in V. Woolf's “Orlando” (1928) with the dual purpose of defining its functional role in the literary text and educing cognitive and cultural foundations underlying conception and development of the symbol. The principles and tools employed for the analysis allow of tracing the formation of the symbolic domain of the Tree concept to the Proto-Indo-European period. Later accretions of symbolic meanings conditioned by a mythic and religious vision of the world produced a rich paradigm of symbolic attributes grounded in the primordial archetype and adapted to a new ideology. The in-depth research into textural peculiarities and semantic content of the discourses with the oak tree as a central leitmotif reveals “prominence” choices of attributes and intricate combination thereof.