bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The combined effects of temperature and salinity on the digestion and respiration metabolism of Pinctada fucata
Authors: Yang Jingru , Fu Zhengyi , Ma Zhenhua , Yu Gang
Published: December 2022

The combined effects of temperature and salinity on the digestion and respiration metabolism of Pinctada fucata were evaluated via response surface methodology and box-benhnken design under laboratory condition. Results indicated that the primary and secondary effects of salinity and temperature had significant effects on amylase (AMS) of P. fucata (P < 0.05)., The digestive enzyme reached the maximum activity when temperature was 26 °C. The AMS and trypsin (TRYP) increased at first, and then decreased with increasing temperature. The Lipase (LPS) was positively correlated with either salinity or temperature. Salinity had no significant effect on TRYP as a primary effect (P > 0.05), but had a significant effect on TRYP as a secondary effect (P < 0.01). These effects were completely opposite to the effect of temperature on pepsin (PEP) as primary and secondary effects. The combined effects of salinity and temperature on AMS, TRYP and PEP were significant (P < 0.01), but had no significant effect on LPS (P > 0.05). The primary, secondary and interaction effects of salinity had significant effects on NKA (Na+-K+-ATPase) of P. fucata (P < 0.05), and NKA presented a U-shaped distribution with increasing salinity. The quadratic and interactive effects of temperature had a significant effect on AKP (P < 0.05), and AKP showed a U-shaped distribution with increasing temperature. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity decreased at first, and then increased when temperature and salinity changed from 20 to 30 °C and 23–33 ‰, respectively. The expression of GPX gene affected by temperature in gills may be delayed compared with that in hepatopancreas, and its expression is tissue-specific. The appropriate digestion and respiratory metabolism index models were established under the combined temperature and salinity conditions. The optimization results showed that the optimal combination of temperature and salinity was 26.288 °C/28.272‰. The desirability was 0.832. Results from the present study will provide a theoretical reference for shellfish culture affected by environmental interactions and the establishment of related index models.
Effects of substituting agro-industrial by-products for soybean meal on beef cattle feed utilization and rumen fermentation
Authors: Suriyapha Chaichana , Suntara Chanon , Wanapat Metha , Cherdthong Anusorn
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the present investigation was to detect the effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with citric waste fermented yeast waste (CWYW) as an alternative protein source of portentous substances in a concentrate mixture diet of beef cattle on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, plasma urea-nitrogen, energy partitioning, and nitrogen balance. Four Thai-native beef bulls (170 ± 10.0 kg of initial body weight) were randomly allocated to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The dietary treatments were four levels of CWYW replacing SBM in a concentrated diet at ratios of 0, 33, 67, and 100%. SBM was added to the concentrate diet at a dose of 150 g/kg DM. All cattle were offered ad libitum rice straw and the concentrate diet at 5 g/kg of body weight. The study was composed of four periods, each lasting for 21 days. The findings demonstrated that there was no difference in total dry matter intake, nutritional intake, or digestibility between treatments (p > 0.05). When CWYW replaced SBM at 100% after 4 h of feeding, ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen, plasma urea nitrogen, and bacterial population were highest (p < 0.05). Volatile fatty acids and energy partitioning were not different (p > 0.05) among dietary treatments. Urinary nitrogen excretion was greatest (p < 0.05) for cattle fed CWYW to replace SBM at 100% of the concentrate. However, nitrogen absorption and retention for Thai-native cattle were similar (p > 0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, CWYW may be utilized as a substitute for SBM as a source of protein in Thai-native beef cattle without having an adverse impact on feed utilization, rumen fermentation characteristics, or blood metabolites.
Brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan inhibits viral infection against PRRSV via CD163ΔSRCR5 MARC-145 cells: an in silico and in vitro studies
Authors: Arjin Chaiwat , Tateing Suriya , Potapohn Nuttha , Arunorat Jirapat , Pringproa Kidsadagon , Lumsangkul Chompunut , Seel-audom Mintra , Ruksiriwanich Warintorn , Sringarm Korawan
Published: December 2022

This research aimed to identify bioactive compounds from Caesalpinia sappan extract that function as novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection inhibitors by computational molecular screening. We obtained a set of small-molecule compounds predicted to target the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain 5 (SRCR5) of CD163. In addition, the functions of positive hits were assessed and verified utilizing an in vitro antiviral activity assay with PRRSV-infected MARC-145 cells. Combining molecular docking with the results of binding affinity and ligand conformation, it was found that brazilin had the highest binding energy with the SRCR5 receptor compared to catechin and epicatechin (− 5.8, − 5.5, and − 5.1 kcal/mol, respectively). In terms of molecular mechanics, the binding free energy between the SRCR5 receptor was − 15.71 kcal/mol based on the Poisson-Boltzmann surface area of brazilin. In addition, PRRSV infection in MARC-145 cells was significantly inhibited by brazilin compared to the control (virus titer, 4.10 vs. 9.25 TCID50/mL, respectively). Moreover, brazilin successfully limited the number of PRRSV RNA copies in MARC-145 cells as determined by RT-qPCR. By inhibiting the PRRSV-CD163 interaction with brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan, it may be possible to prevent PRRSV infection in pigs, as suggested by this research.
Outcome in early vs late intubation among COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ridjab Denio A. , Ivan Ignatius , Budiman Fanny , Juzar Dafsah A.
Published: December 2022

Timing of endotracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains controversial regarding its risk and benefit in patient outcomes. Our study aims to elucidate early versus late intubation outcomes among COVID-19 patients with ARDS. A protocol of this study is registered at the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42021230272). We report our systematic review based on PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. We searched the Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Grey Literature Report, OpenGrey, ProQuest, PubMed, and ScienceDirect from inception until 4 December 2021. Titles and abstracts were reviewed for their relevance. The risk of bias in each study was evaluated using the risk of bias in non-randomised studies-of interventions (ROBINS-I) guideline. Trial sequential analysis is done to elucidate firm evidence. We retrieved 20 observational studies that assessed an intervention (early vs. late intubation). Meta-analysis for in-hospital mortality reduction showed 119 fewer deaths per 1000 patients in early intubation. Early intubation reduces 2.81 days of ICU length of stay (LOS) and 2.12 days of ventilation duration. Benefits for mortality and ICU LOS reduction were based on studies with low to moderate risk of bias while ventilation duration was based on low disease burden setting. According to the contextualized approach, the benefit of mortality reduction showed a trivial effect, while ICU LOS and ventilation duration showed a small effect. GRADE certainty of evidence for mortality reduction in early intubation is moderate. The certainty of evidence for ICU length of stay, ventilation duration, ventilator-free days, and continuous renal replacement therapy are very low. This updated systematic review provided new evidence that early intubation might provide benefits in treating COVID-19 patients with ARDS. The benefits of early intubation appear to have an important but small effect based on contextualized approach for ICU LOS and ventilation duration. In reducing in-hospital mortality, the early intubation effect was present but only trivial based on contextualized approach. TSA showed that more studies are needed to elucidate firmer evidence.
Albumin-coated pH-responsive dimeric prodrug-based nano-assemblies with high biofilm eradication capacity
Authors: Li Xueling , Li Wenting , Li Keke , Chen Xiangjun , Wang Changrong , Qiao Mingxi , Hong Wei
Published: December 2022

Schematic illustration of albumin-coated pH-responsive dimeric prodrug-based nano-assemblies for efficientPseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) biofilms eradication.
Dual-prodrug cascade activation for chemo/chemodynamic mutually beneficial combination cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Xu , Guo Haizhen , Zhang Xinlu , Shi Xiaoen , Yu Peng , Jia Shitian , Cao Chen , Wang Sheng , Chang Jin
Published: December 2022

A dual-prodrug cascade activation strategy provides a promising mutually beneficial cooperation mode between chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy for enhancing antitumor efficacy.
A porous cobalt(ii)–organic framework exhibiting high room temperature proton conductivity and field-induced slow magnetic relaxation
Authors: Zhou Yue , Moorthy Shruti , Wei Xiao-Qin , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Tian Zhengfang , Shao Dong
Published: December 2022

A porous cobalt(ii) metal–organic framework (MOF) was reported to exhibit high room-temperature proton conduction and field-induced slow magnetic relaxation behavior.
Improving infra-red polarized imaging efficiency in a bilayer wire-grid polarizer
Authors: Jeon Jiyeon , Chun Byong Sun , Seo Youryang , Kim Minkyeong , Kim Hakseong , Kim Yeongho , Kim Jong Su , Lee Sang Jun
Published: December 2022

The optical, plasmonic, and imaging performance of an infra-red polarized system exceeds that of a conventional infra-red detector due to its high resolution and precision.
Allium sativum@AgNPs and Phyllanthus urinaria@AgNPs: a comparative analysis for antibacterial application
Authors: Phan Ke Son , Nguyen Thi Minh , To Xuan Thang , Le Thi Thu Huong , Nguyen Thanh Trung , Pham Kim Dang , Hoang Phuong Ha , Dong Thi Nham , Dang Dinh Kim , Phan Thi Hong Tuyet , Mai Thi Thu Trang , Ha Phuong Thu
Published: December 2022

The combination of AgNPs and plant extracts provides synergic antibacterial effect on various E. coli strains.
Building a rigid-soft coupling interphase by a reduction–oxidation collaborative approach with lithium difluorobis(oxalato) phosphate additives
Authors: Wang Peng , Wu Shumin , Li Jingni , Zhang Yulong , Zhang Yu , Cui Xiaoling , Li Chunlei , Zhao Dongni , Li Shiyou
Published: December 2022

Based on the reduction and oxidation product property study of lithium difluorobis(oxalato) phosphate, a gomphosis-like solid electrolyte layer is constructed, and proven to be rigid-soft coupling, increasing the stability of interphases.
Antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanisms of carbon dots: a review
Authors: Yu Meizhe , Li Peili , Huang Ruobing , Xu Chunning , Zhang Shiyin , Wang Yanglei , Gong Xuedong , Xing Xiaodong
Published: December 2022

This review provides a systematic overview of the complicated antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanisms of carbon dots.
H2S and SO2 detectability in hot Jupiters
Authors: Polman J. , Waters L. B. F. M. , Min M. , Miguel Y. , Khorshid N.
Published: December 2022

Context. The high cosmic abundance, the intermediate volatility, and the chemical properties of sulphur allow sulphur-bearing species to be used as tracers of the chemical processes in the atmospheres of hot Jupiter exoplanets. Nevertheless, despite their properties and relevance as tracers of the giant planets’ formation histories, little attention has been paid to these species in the context of hot Jupiter atmospheres.

Aims. In this paper, we provide an overview of the abundances of sulphur-bearing species in hot Jupiter atmospheres under different conditions and explore their observability.

Methods. We used the photochemical kinetics code VULCAN to model hot Jupiter atmospheric disequilibrium chemistry. Transmission spectra for these atmospheres were created using the modelling framework ARCiS. We varied model parameters such as the diffusion coefficient Kzz, and we studied the importance of photochemistry on the resulting mixing ratios. Furthermore, we varied the chemical composition of the atmosphere by increasing the metallicity from solar to ten times solar. We also explored different C/O ratios.

Results. We find that H2S and SO2 are the best candidates for detection between 1 and 10 μm, using a spectral resolution that is representative of the instruments on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). H2S is easiest to detect at an equilibrium temperature of ~1500 K, and with C/O ratios between 0.7 and 0.9, with the ideal value increasing slightly for increasing metallicity. SO2 is most likely to be detected at an equilibrium temperature of ~1000 K at low C/O ratios and high metallicities. Nevertheless, among these two molecules, we expect SO2 detection to be more common, as it is detectable in scenarios more favoured by formation models.

Conclusions. We conclude that H2S and SO2 will most likely be detected in the coming years with the JWST, and that the detection of these species will provide information on atmospheric processes and planet formation scenarios.
How the super-Eddington regime affects black hole spin evolution in high-redshift galaxies
Authors: Massonneau Warren , Dubois Yohan , Volonteri Marta , Beckmann Ricarda S.
Published: December 2022

By performing three-dimensional hydrodynamical (3D MHD) simulations of a galaxy in an isolated dark matter halo, we are able to trace the evolution of the spin parameter a of a black hole (BH) undergoing super-Eddington phases throughout its growth. This regime, suspected to be accompanied by powerful jet outflows, is expected to decrease the BH spin magnitude. We combined super-Eddington accretion with sub-Eddington phases (quasar and radio modes) and followed the BH spin evolution. Due to the low frequency of the super-Eddington episodes, relativistic jets in this regime are not able to decrease the magnitude of the spin effectively, as thin-disc accretion in the quasar mode inevitably increases the BH spin. The combination of super- and sub-Eddington accretion does not lead to a simple explicit expression for the spin evolution because of feedback from super-Eddington events. An analytical expression can be used to calculate the evolution for a ≲ 0.3, assuming the super-Eddington feedback is consistently weak. Finally, BHs starting with a low spin magnitude are able to grow to the highest mass and if they initially start out as being misaligned with the galactic disc, they get a small boost of accretion via retrograde accretion.
Discovery of interstellar NC4NH+: Dicyanopolyynes are indeed abundant in space
Authors: Agúndez M. , Cabezas C. , Marcelino N. , Fuentetaja R. , Tercero B. , de Vicente P. , Cernicharo J.
Published: December 2022

The previous detection of two species related to the nonpolar molecule cyanogen (NCCN), its protonated form (NCCNH+) and one metastable isomer (CNCN), in cold dense clouds supported the hypothesis that dicyanopolyynes are abundant in space. Here we report the first identification in space of NC4NH+. This cation is the protonated form of NC4N, which is the second member of the series of dicyanopolyynes after NCCN. The detection was based on the observation of six harmonically related lines within the Yebes 40m line survey of TMC-1 QUIJOTE. The six lines can be fitted to a rotational constant B = 1293.90840 ± 0.00060 MHz and a centrifugal distortion constant D = 28.59 ± 1.21 Hz. We confidently assign this series of lines to NC4NH+ based on high-level ab initio calculations, which supports the previous identification of HC5NH+ from the observation of a series of lines with a rotational constant 2 MHz lower than that derived here. The column density of NC4NH+ in TMC-1 is (1.1 −0.6+1.4) × 1010 cm−2, which implies that NC4NH+ is eight times less abundant than NCCNH+. The species CNCN, previously reported toward L483 and tentatively in TMC-1, is confirmed in this latter source. We estimate that NCCN and NC4N are present in TMC-1 with abundances a few times to one order of magnitude lower than HC3N and HC5N, respectively. This means that dicyanopolyynes NC−(CC)n−CN are present at a lower level than the corresponding monocyanopolyynes HCC−(CC)n−CN. The reactions of the radicals CN and C3N with HNC arise as the most likely formation pathways to NCCN and NC4N in cold dense clouds.
Existence of variational solutions to nonlocal evolution equationsviaconvex minimization
Authors: Prasad Harsh , Tewary Vivek
Published: December 2022

We prove existence of variational solutions for a class of nonlocal evolution equations whose prototype is the double phase equation

[see formula in PDF]

The approach of minimization of parameter-dependent convex functionals over space-time trajectories requires only appropriate convexity and coercivity assumptions on the nonlocal operator. As the parameter tends to zero, we recover variational solutions. Under further growth conditions, these variational solutions are global weak solutions. Further, this provides a direct minimization approach to approximation of nonlocal evolution equations.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Bethge Matthias
Published: December 2022

die russische Invasion in der Ukraine hat in den vergangenen neun Monaten bereits
mehr als 6000 zivile Opfer und über 9000 zivile Verletzte gekostet. Neben
den zivilen Opfern dürften im Krieg – trotz sehr unterschiedlicher
Angaben dazu – zudem bereits mehrere 10.000 Soldatinnen und Soldaten
gefallen sein. Die derzeitige Fluchtbewegung, die aus dem Krieg resultiert, ist die
größte in Europa seit den beiden Weltkriegen. Knapp 8 Millionen
Menschen sollen die Ukraine nach Angaben des United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees mittlerweile verlassen haben und in Europa als Flüchtlinge
registriert worden sein, mehr als 1 Million davon in Deutschland.
Pathologische Gefäßkalzifizierung – klinische
Relevanz und molekulare Mechanismen
Authors: Hense Nicolas , Goettsch Claudia
Published: December 2022

Die kardiovaskuläre Kalzifizierung stellt als pathologische
Mineralablagerung in Herzklappen und Arterien einen Prädiktor und
Risikofaktor für die kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und
Mortalität dar – ein globales Gesundheitsproblem. Die
kardiovaskuläre Kalzifizierung ist ein ‚Unmet need‘ in
der kardiovaskulären Medizin, da es bisher keine therapeutischen
Ansatzpunkte gibt, die diesen Prozess aufhalten oder modifizieren
können. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die Manifestationsformen
der kardiovaskulären Kalzifizierung mit ihren klinischen Relevanzen
zusammen. Dabei wird der Fokus insbesondere auf die arterielle
Mikrokalzifizierung der Tunica intima, sowie Makrokalzifizierung der Tunica
media und der Aortenklappe gelegt. Die zellulären und molekularen
Mechanismen, die die kardiovaskuläre Kalzifizierung regulieren, sind
vielfältig und zeigen Parallelen zum Knochenstoffwechsel. Neben den
klassischen Signalwegen, wird die Rolle epigenetischer Veränderungen
diskutiert. Letztlich werden offene Fragen aufgezeigt, deren Beantwortung
wichtig ist, um Therapieansätze zur Prävention und Behandlung
kardiovaskulärer Kalzifizierung entwickeln zu können, die die
Knochengesundheit nicht beeinflussen.
Verlaufsuntersuchung der lumbalen Bandscheiben- und Facettengelenkveränderungen bei 5 Deutschen Schäferhunden
Authors: Paulus Christiane , Brinkmeier Hannah Sofie , Jährig Rodja Aljoscha , Schaub Katharina Isabell , Büttner Kathrin , Kramer Martin , von Pückler Kerstin
Published: December 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel In dieser Langzeitbeobachtungsstudie sollten erstmals die Veränderungen der kaudalen Lendenwirbelsäule an den Lokalisationen L5/6, L6/7 und L7/S1 bei 5 Deutschen Schäferhunden im Abstand von 6 Jahren mithilfe der Computertomografie (CT) und Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) evaluiert werden. Die Hunde waren zum Zeitpunkt der ersten Untersuchung im Mittel 26 Monate alt. Zudem wurde evaluiert, ob eine Zuchtuntersuchung im Hinblick auf eine Bandscheibendegeneration beim Junghund zielführend ist.

Material und Methoden Die Bandscheiben von L7/S1, L6/7 und L5/6 wurden im Hinblick auf ihre Signalintensitätsveränderung, die Facettengelenkwinkelveränderungen in dorsaler und transversaler Schnittebene sowie die Veränderungen der Bandscheibenfläche in sagittaler und transversaler Rekonstruktionsebene im Jahr 2015 und 2021 mittels CT und MRT genauer untersucht. Alle Daten wurden computergestützt erhoben und statistisch ausgewertet und anschließend mit der gemessenen Signalintensität sowie mit der in der Praxis verwendeten, subjektiven Bandscheibendegenerationseinteilungen nach Seiler verglichen.

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter Verlust der gemessenen Signalintensität der Bandscheiben in der transversalen Schnittebene sowie insgesamt eine Facettengelenkerweiterung in der transversalen Ebene von 0,54° sowie in der dorsalen Ebene von 1,8° im Zeitraum von 6 Jahren. Des Weiteren ergaben sich keine Hinweise auf einem Zusammenhang zwischen der Größe des Facettengelenkwinkels und dem Bandscheibendegenerationsgrad. Darüber hinaus wiesen die Bandscheiben unabhängig vom initialen Degenerationsgrad in der Verlaufskontrolle eine geringe Signalintensität und einen höheren Seiler Grad auf.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Untersuchungsgruppe weisen darauf hin, dass ein unauffälliger Zustand der lumbalen Bandscheiben zum Zeitpunkt der Zuchtuntersuchung im Junghundehalter keine genaue Voraussage über den späteren Degenerationsgrad zulässt und es auch bei gesunden Deutschen Schäferhunden an den Facettengelenken zu fortwährenden Umbauprozessen kommt.
Advances in Organoid Culture Research
Authors: Xie Zhiyuan , Wang Linghao , Zhang Yan
Published: December 2022

Organoids are powerful systems to facilitate the study of individuals' disorders and personalized treatments because they mimic the structural and functional characteristics of organs. However, the full potential of organoids in research has remained unrealized and the clinical applications have been limited. One of the reasons is organoids are most efficient grown in reconstituted extracellular matrix hydrogels from mouse-derived, whose poorly defined, batch-to-batch variability and immunogenicity. Another reason is that organoids lack host conditions. As a component of the tumor microenvironment, microbiota and metabolites can regulate the development and treatment in several human malignancies. Here, we introduce several engineering matrix materials and review recent advances in the coculture of organoids with microbiota and their metabolites. Finally, we discuss current trends and future possibilities to build more complex cocultures.
Substrate Rigidity Effect on CAD/CAM Restorations at Different Thicknesses
Authors: Pucci César Rogério , Mafetano Ana Paula Valente Pinho , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , de Andrade Guilherme Schmitt , Dal Piva Amanda Maria de Oliveira , Kleverlaan Cornelis J. , Tribst João Paulo Mendes
Published: December 2022

Objectives This article evaluated the effect of substrates rigidities on the post-fatigue fracture resistance of adhesively cemented simplified restorations in lithium disilicate glass ceramic.

Methods Precrystalized computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing ceramic blocks were processed into disc-shaped specimens (n = 10, Ø = 10 mm), mimicking a simplified restoration at two thicknesses (0.5 and 1.0 mm). Thereafter, the discs were cemented onto different base substrates (dentin analogue [control], dentin analogue with a central core build-up of resin composite [RC], or glass ionomer cement [GIC]). The specimens were subjected to mechanical cycling in a chewing simulator (100 N, 1 × 106 cycles, 4 Hz) and then subjected to thermocycling aging (10,000 cycles, 5/37/55°C, 30 seconds). After the fatigue protocol, the specimens were loaded until failure (N) in a universal testing machine. Finite element analysis calculated the first principal stress at the center of the adhesive interface.

Results The results showed that “restoration thickness,” “type of substrate,” and their interaction were statistically significant (one-way analysis of variance; p < 0.001). Regardless the restoration thickness a higher fracture load was observed for specimens cemented to dentin analogue. Among the base materials, RC build-up presented the highest fracture load and lower stress magnitude for both restoration thicknesses in comparison with GIC build-up. The 0.5-mm restoration showed higher stress peak and lower fracture load when submitted to the compressive test.

Conclusion More flexible base material reduces the fracture load and increases the stress magnitude of adhesively cemented lithium disilicate restorations regardless the ceramic thickness. Therefore, more rigid substrates are suggested to be used to prevent restoration mechanical failures.
A Nationwide Analysis Evaluating the Safety of Using Acellular Dermal Matrix with Tissue Expander-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Luo Jessica , Moss Whitney D. , Pires Giovanna R. , Rhemtulla Irfan A. , Rosales Megan , Stoddard Gregory J. , Agarwal Jayant P. , Kwok Alvin C.
Published: December 2022

Background In March 2021, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) safety communication cautioned against the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) products in breast reconstruction and reiterated that the FDA does not approve ADM use in breast surgery. This study aims to assess the safety of ADM use in breast reconstruction.

Methods Women who underwent ADM and non-ADM assisted tissue expander (TE)-based breast reconstruction were identified using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2012–2019). Trends of ADM use over time, and 30-day outcomes of surgical site infection (SSI), dehiscence, and unplanned reoperation were assessed.

Results Of the 49,049 TE-based breast reconstructive cases, 42.4% were ADM assisted and 57.6% non-ADM assisted. From 2012 to 2019, the use of ADM increased from 26.1 to 55.6% (relative risk [RR] =1.10; p < 0.01). Higher rates of SSI (3.9 vs. 3.4%; p = 0.003) and reoperation (7.4 vs. 6.0%; p < 0.001) were seen in the ADM cohort. There was no significant difference seen in dehiscence rates (0.7 vs. 0.7%; p = 0.73). The most common reoperation within 30 days for the ADM group (17.6%) was removal of TE without insertion of implant (current procedural terminology: 11,971). ADM-assisted breast reconstruction was associated with increased relative risk of SSI by 10% (RR = 1.10, confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.21; p = 0.03) and reoperation by 15% (RR = 1.15, CI: 1.08–1.23; p < 0.001).

Conclusions ADM-assisted breast reconstruction more than doubled from 2012 to 2019. There are statistically higher complication rates of SSI (0.5%) and reoperation (1.4%) with ADM use in TE-based breast reconstruction, suggesting that reconstruction without ADM is safe when comparing immediate postoperative outcomes.
Bildgebung: 7-Tesla-MRT schwebt in Magdeburg ein
Authors: Hollmig Luisa-Maria
Published: December 2022

Die Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg erhält den europaweit leistungsstärksten 7-Tesla- Magnetresonanztomographen (MRT).
Klinikunternehmen: Auf-/ Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: December 2022

Börsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse ausgewählter Kliniken
Transplantation: Fischhaut schließt komplizierte Wunden
Authors: Dorner Carola
Published: December 2022

Im Juni 2022 wurde an der Helios-Klink Blankenhain zum ersten Mal mit Fischhaut gearbeitet. Inzwischen zeigt sich: Die ungewöhnliche Wundbehandlung war genau die richtige Methode. Nach Monaten konnte mit Fischhaut die offene Wunde einer Patientin endlich geschlossen werden und gut verheilen.
KBO-Kinderzentrum München: Kuschelweiche Alltagsbegleiter für traumatisierte Kinder
Authors: Hollmig Luisa-Maria , Keller Julia
Published: December 2022

Nazar ist erst zehn und musste wegen des Krieges in der Ukraine bereits zweimal in seinem Leben seine Heimat verlassen. Nun ist der ukrainische Junge mit seiner Mutter und seinen Zwillingsschwestern in München.
IT-Projekte im Krankenhaus: Wegkommen von der „Das haben wir schon immer so gemacht“-Mentalität
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: December 2022

IT-Projekte sind keine Selbstläufer. Christian Hetterich verrät im Interview, welche Hürden der Digitalisierung ein Krankenhaus überwinden muss, worauf es bei der Umsetzung von Projekten ankommt und worin der Vorteil volldigitalisierter Prozesse liegt.
Interoperabilität mit SDC: Der Schlüssel zum vernetzten Krankenhaus
Authors: Kasparick Martin
Published: December 2022

Die Vernetzung von Medizingeräten unterschiedlicher Hersteller scheiterte bislang an einer einheitlichen Schnittstelle. Mit dem internationalen Standard IEEE 11073 SDC soll sich das ändern.
Bibliometric research of the Pay-What-You-Want Topic
Authors: Vizuete-Luciano Emili , Güzel Oktay , Merigó José M.
Published: December 2022

Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW), is a pricing strategy increasingly applied in many different industries, both profitable and not. This study aims to identify influential cited works in PWYW research, determine the current status, and indicate the extent to which influential works have shaped the field addressing this concern, a set of bibliometric analyses conducted in this paper. The analysis was carried out on 136 research papers published between 2009 and 2022 have been analyzed based on Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) results. In order to identify the most cited authors and works, the co-citation analysis was applied. To scrutinize the intellectual structure of the field, bibliometric coupling was applied, to show the network structure of the themes, co-word analysis was applied. Building upon the results, this study suggests future research paths.
Numerical study of continuous liquid tin jet breakup and satellite droplet formation
Authors: Zhao Zhenyu , Li Weizhong
Published: December 2022

This study proposed a velocity modulation model in which the main flow and perturbation were defined as velocity inlet boundary conditions to simulate liquid tin jet breakup into droplets with external disturbances. The volume of the fluid method was implemented for interface tracking, and adaptive mesh refinement was adopted to guarantee the accuracy of perturbation evolution at the interface during numerical iterations. When the dimensionless wave number is 0.7, almost no satellite droplets are formed. However, when the dimensionless wave number decreases to 0.51, satellite droplets are generated evidently and exhibit from backward-merging to forward-merging with the primary droplets as the disturbance amplitude increases. From the velocity profile, the jet evolution can be divided into three regions: non-breakup, droplet streams, and breakup-merging regime. The droplet sequence uniformity is poor with a small disturbance amplitude. Compared with the conventional velocity modulation model, the proposed model can describe the transition of satellite droplets from backward-merging to forward-merging with increased disturbance amplitude. If the dimensionless wave number is higher than 0.3, only forward-merging occurs with large disturbance amplitudes. Furthermore, in the condition that the dimensionless wave number decreases to 0.25 and below, satellite droplets merge forward and backward simultaneously. Increasing the disturbance amplitude makes the mergence of satellite droplets with the main droplet significantly faster when the dimensionless wave number is 0.3 or below. On the contrary, if the dimensionless wave number is more significant than 0.38, the mergence of satellite droplets slows down with the increase in the disturbance amplitude.
Unsteady flow past slotted circular cylinders in laminar regime: Effect of slit shapes and Reynolds number
Authors: Sharma Bishwajit , Barman Rabindra Nath
Published: December 2022

A numerical study of incompressible and unsteady flow past a slotted circular cylinder was carried out in a laminar regime. Three different-shaped slits (converging, diverging, and parallel) were installed symmetrically about the cylinder's horizontal axis. A finite volume-based open-source computational toolbox, OpenFOAM, was used to compute the flow field in the Reynolds number (Re) range of 60–180. The results showed the presence of the periodic vortex shedding for all Re ranges and the slotted cylinders were effectively able to suppress it. The surface vorticity over the slotted cylinder surface increased by 16%–23% as compared to the normal cylinder. The momentum injection to the cylinder base reduced the strength of vortex shedding and shedding frequency for the slotted cylinders. Pressure recovery was improved due to an increase in the pressure coefficient which further led to a decrease in the pressure drag. The total drag coefficient for the slotted cylinders was lower than the normal cylinders for Re > 70. Also, a comparatively lower Strouhal number was observed for the slotted cylinders.
Linear polymer chain diffusion in semi-flexible polymer network: A dissipative particle dynamics study
Authors: Lu Yu , Hu Guo-Hui
Published: December 2022

Linear polymer chains transport in the crowded biological environment is profoundly important to biomedical engineering and nanotechnology. Cytoskeleton, which can be modeled as a semi-flexible polymer network, acts as a barrier when linear polymers diffuse inside the cell. The diffusion of linear polymers with length N in this polymer network is investigated by the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) in the present study. Rouse theory is applied to analyze the conformational dynamics of the linear polymers based on the numerical results. It is found that the geometric constraint length Na is a crucial parameter to describe the role of the network of the polymer diffusion. Analyses on Rouse modes show that, in a short wavelength regime, the relaxation time obtained in numerical simulation follows the prediction of the Rouse theory. With the increasing wavelength, the linear polymer exhibits a transition from reptation behavior to the spatially homogeneous behavior at critical length scale Na, which is illustrated by different scaling laws dependent on wavelength. Based on the analyses on the Rouse modes and mean square displacements of the linear polymer, we present a non-dimensional conformational dynamics function dependent on time, with which a scaling law is proposed to predict the long time diffusivity of the linear polymer in a semi-flexible polymer network with different mesh sizes. It is shown that the prediction is well consistent with our DPD simulation results.
Performance improvement of the Savonius turbine using a novel augmentation device with the Taguchi optimization method
Authors: Abdullah M. S. , Ishak M. H. H. , Ismail F.
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes a new augmentation device to improve the coefficient of power (Cp) of a Savonius turbine using a computational fluid dynamics method. The device is a rotating cylinder synchronized with a rotating turbine using a timing belt mechanism without needing any external power source. Unlike conventional flow deflectors, the device is not placed in front of the turbine. Instead, it is placed parallel to the turbine position. The optimum device diameter and position are determined using the Taguchi optimization method. The device diameter and its position (lateral distance, longitudinal distance, and location; left and right) are selected as controllable process parameters and the Cp as the performance output. The Taguchi L16 orthogonal array is selected as the design of experiment. From the Taguchi analysis, the optimum device parameter improves the Cp by up to 0.3877 at a tip speed ratio (TSR) of 0.9, a 55.64% improvement relative to the case without the device. The highest Cp achieved is 0.4450 at TSR 1.1 with an 83.73% improvement relative to the case without the device. Analysis of variance results suggest that the Cp is greatly influenced by both the device diameter and lateral distance. The proposed device improves the overall performance of the Savonius turbine over a wide range of TSR.
Hemodynamic analysis of carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Zhu Pengrui , Liu Zhaohui , Yang Lianzhi , Song Zhiyong , Zhu Weiyao
Published: December 2022

Atherosclerotic stenosis of the carotid artery may lead to cerebral infarction, stroke, and other serious consequences, and it is usually treated clinically with carotid endarterectomy. By comparing the pre- and postoperative flow fields, it can be shown that the operation improves hemodynamic parameters, such as the velocity, wall shear stress, and wall pressure of the local flow field of the carotid artery. However, previous studies have rarely considered the difference between postoperative and healthy carotid flow fields, and thus, the cause of any postoperative restenosis may remain hidden. Therefore, this study constructed preoperative, postoperative, and (hypothetically) healthy carotid artery models based on the real vascular structure data of a patient and applied numerical simulations verified by physical models to compare hemodynamic parameters, such as flow rate, flow state, and wall shear. The results showed that after the operation, the maximum carotid blood flow velocity decreased from 2.8 to 1.02 m/s, the maximum wall shear stress decreased from 190 to ∼75 Pa, the wall pressure of the carotid inlet recovered from 3000 to 400 Pa, and the vortex in the distal internal carotid artery disappeared. In addition, this study also found a vortex and the low-level wall shear stress of approximately 5 Pa remained in the carotid bifurcation after the operation, which also lacked spiral flow, unlike the healthy model. Therefore, due to the morphological differences between the postoperative and healthy carotid artery, adverse hemodynamic factors and a potential risk of postoperative restenosis will remain after the procedure.
The development of the dentition of Macropus giganteus (Shaw): an attempt to interpret the marsupial dentition.
Authors: Kirkpatrick T. H.
Published: December 2022

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Myotis adversus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): Australia's fish-eating bat.
Authors: Robson S. K.
Published: December 2022

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Observations on the reproductive systems and paracloacal glands of Cercartetus lepidus (Marsupialia: Burramyidae).
Authors: Smith M. J.
Published: December 2022

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Differences in prey utilization by Pleistocene marsupial carnivores, Thylacoleo carnifex (Thylacoleonidae) and Thylacinus cynocephalus (Thylacinidae).
Authors: Case J. A.
Published: December 2022

A case for the partitioning of prey items based upon both the body size of the predator and the prey can be made. Thylacoleo carnifex appears to have been selecting animals of large body size (though probably not Diprotodon) all of which were elements of the Australian Pleistocene megafauna. Thylacinus cynocephalus, on the other hand, seems to have been selecting animals of medium to small body size. This would suggest that the two Pleistocene marsupial carnivores, Thylacoleo carnifex and Thylacinus cynocephalus, could have coexisted within a single community because their dietary niches did not overlap.
Synchronization of oestrus, ovulation and birth in female Antechinus stuartii (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae).
Authors: Selwood L.
Published: December 2022

Reproduction and development were studied during six annual breeding seasons in 80 female Antechinus stuartii in laboratory colonies and in 34 females which were pregnant when trapped. Oestrus, ovulation and births were each highly synchronized within any one population from a specific locality in Victoria. Before ovulation, epithelial cells were present in the urine of the females for a mean of 20.0 clays ± 4.0 (S.D.) (N=72). Matings occurred in this period. In the colonies of animals from Kinglake, the first females came into oestrus over a 4-clay period in mid-July of 1976, 1982 and 1983. In laboratory colonies, ovulations in each year occurred over a 9 to 22-day period in the first half of August for Kinglake and Cement Creek and at later dates in August and September for animals from higher altitudes. In these colonies, half the animals or more ovulated within one week. Births were also synchronized. A similar pattern was found for field animals. Synchronization of breeding and the rate of development in A. stuartii were related to events in the life history.
Reproductive biology of flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae).
Authors: Martin L. , Towers P. A. , McGuckin M. A. , Little L. , Luckhoff H. , Blackshaw A. W.
Published: December 2022

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Friends, food or worth fighting for? A proposed stereotype content model for nonhuman animals
Authors: Patinadan Paul V. , Dillon Denise B.
Published: December 2022

The human perception of nonhuman animals is a burgeoning area of anthrozoology, with the past decade seeing an increase in work within the field. This study attempted to assess people’s social perceptions about various nonhuman animals. Food animals, for example, have often been classified as being less sentient and have been historically devoid of rights and moral concern due to their nature as a consumable commodity. Advancements in social psychology have allowed the general hypothesis that some key theories might be transferrable toward understanding how people perceive animals. This study borrows from work on the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) and attempts to replicate the social perceptions of animals along the warmth-competence dimensions among a Singaporean sample (N = 325) of vegetarians, animal activists, and those who regarded themselves as neither. Ratings on the scales of warmth and competence for 16 animals were subjected to multidimensional scaling analysis. Results indicate people hold different social perceptions congruent to the various animal species. Four main clusters were identified, and these were named, ‘Love’, ‘Save’, ‘Indifferent’, and ‘Dislike’ based on the expectancy of how participants might feel toward the animals. The ethical ideology of participants was also measured, with vegetarians and animal activists holding more ‘absolutist’ beliefs. When factored into the scaling process, ethical ideology had little impact on participants’ social perceptions of nonhuman animals.
Effects of magnesium oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles on biofilm formation of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Hashemifard Dehkordi Praisa , Moshtaghi Hamdollah , Abbasvali Maryam
Published: December 2022

Biofilms formed in food-processing environments are of special importance as they have the potential to act as a persistent source of microbial contamination that may lead to food spoilage or transmission of diseases. The creation of microbial biofilms, which can be a source of food product contamination with food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic bacteria, is one of the most critical elements in the food industry. The goal of this study was to see how well magnesium oxide (MgO) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) inhibited growth and biofilm formation of two common foodborne bacterial pathogens. This study was completed in the year 2020. Resazurin reduction and micro-dilution procedures were used to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of magnesium oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles for Escherichia coli O157: H7 (ATCC 35 218) and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) (ATCC 19 118). The bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon technique was used to determine the cell-surface hydrophobicity of the selected bacteria. The surface assay was also used to calculate the influence of the NPs coated surfaces on the biofilm formation of the selected bacteria. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles had MICs of 2 and 2 mg ml−1, while copper oxide nanoparticles had MICs of 0.16 and 1 mg ml−1 against E. coli and L. monocytogenes, respectively. At the MIC, the magnesium and copper nanoparticles inhibited biofilm formation of E. coli and L. monocytogenes by 89.9 and 96.6 percent and 93.6 and 98.7 percent, respectively. The hydrophobicity of E. coli and L. monocytogenes was determined to be 74% and 67%, respectively. The surface assay revealed a substantial reduction in bacterial adhesion and colonization on NPs-coated surfaces. Both compounds had inhibitory effects on E. coli and L. monocytogenes, according to our findings. Even at sub-MICs, NPs were found to be able to prevent biofilm development. The microbial count and production of microbial biofilms were reduced on surfaces coated with MgO and CuO nanoparticles. MgO and CuO nanoparticles can be utilized as a cleaning agent for surfaces to avoid the formation of foodborne bacterial biofilms, which is important for public health.
The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the toroidal dipole operator
Authors: Anghel Dragoş-Victor , Dolineanu Mircea
Published: December 2022

The toroidal dipole represents the lowest order in the family of toroidal multipoles. They appear in physics at all scales, from particle to condensed matter physics, and metamaterials. Nevertheless, in small systems they have to be investigated in the context of quantum mechanics and quantum operators are introduced for the projections of the toroidal dipole on the Cartesian axes. Here we give analytical expressions for the eigenvalues and generalized eigenfunctions of

T

ˆ

3

–the z-axis projection of the toroidal dipole operator–in a system consisting of a particle confined in a thin film bent into a torus shape. The eigenfunctions are not square integrable, so they do not belong to the Hilbert space of wave functions, but they can be interpreted in the formalism of rigged Hilbert spaces as kernels of distributions. We find the quantization rules for the eigenvalues, which are essential for describing measurements of

T

ˆ

3

. As an example, we estimate the splitting of the energy levels due to the interaction of the toroidal dipole with an external current.
Study of the pressure effect on the thermodiffusion behavior in multicomponent n-alkane mixtures by using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Liu Bo , Liang Ruquan , Xiao Song
Published: December 2022

The influence of high pressure on the Soret effect of multicomponent n-alkanes mixtures was investigated with the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method to provide simulation support to the SJ10/SCCO experiments. In this work, n-pentane/n-heptane/n-decane ternary mixtures and methane/n-pentane/n-heptane/n-decane quaternary mixtures were built and simulated under the same situations as the space experiments. TraPPE-UA force field and eHEX algorithm were employed in Soret effect simulations, and three different amounts of heat (ΔQ) were applied in each mixture. The simulated thermodiffusion ratios (k

T
) were compared with the data from other literature. In ternary mixtures, the k

T
values were influenced by the pressure, but the migration directions and separation relationship of the components did not change. While in quaternary mixtures, the strong and weak separation relationships of the two lowest separated components changed. The results demonstrated that the high pressure weakens the Soret effect in multicomponent n-alkane mixtures to an extent and may affect more in the mixture composed of more components.