bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eradication of Pinworms (Syphacia spp.) in a Laboratory Rodent Colony
Authors: Harikrishnan V S , Ranaraj V R , Sreeja K R , Fernandez A C
Published: January 2025

Laboratory rodent colonies are commonly infested with pinworms namely Syphacia obvelata and Syphacia  muris, often results in clinical signs such as diarrhea and rectal prolapse in heavy infestation. The pinworm  infestation in rodents affects the experimental observations and hence it is important to eradicate them from the  colony. Division of Laboratory Animals at Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology  (SCTIMST) maintains rats and mice colonies. Pinworm ova were determined by perianal impression with  cellophane tape testing (CTT) under low power of a compound microscope. The mice and rats were divided  into 2 groups with 10 males and 10 females in each group. Group I was treated with piperazine (10.8 mg/ml of  drinking water) for a period of 28 days and group II was treated with piperazine (10.8 mg/ml) for a period of  14 days followed by ivermectin (0.01mg/ml) for 14 days. Cages and accessory equipments were disinfected  with activated gluteraldehyde, 2.45% w/v. All supplies including bedding and accessories were autoclaved  at 121oC temperature, 15 lb pressure for 20 minutes. The present study revealed that the parasites were  eradicated from those groups treated with combination drug (piperazine and ivermectin) therapy while the  group treated with piperazine alone could not demonstrate a complete eradication. The two drug (piperazine  and ivermectin) regime over a 4-week period, associated with appropriate sanitation programme was found to  be effective in eradication of pin worms in laboratory rodents.
The AAALAC International Accreditation Program in India
Authors: B Kathryn
Published: January 2025

Science is a global enterprise, as illustrated by the number and scope of international research collaborations  and scientific meetings, as well as the number of journals publishing articles from the international scientific  community. As institutions seek to compete on the global market it is critical to ensure an internationally  accepted level of animal care and welfare is maintained by institutions using animals for research, testing and  education. AAALAC International’s accreditation program utilizes the flexibility of performance standards; is  sensitive to differing legal and cultural issues; promotes the “cross fertilization” of information among institutions through the site visit process; highlights best practices; and serves as a benchmark of quality. Through  this process, uniform, high standards of animal care and use may be achieved under a broad range of varying  national requirements because of the overarching quality assurance derived from AAALAC International’s  accreditation program. Accreditation of animal care and use programs in India is a fairly new proposition, but  is rapidly gaining attraction. As the biomedical research enterprise in India continues to gain momentum, so  too have the merits of an international quality assurance validation system become increasingly recognized.  To that end, the AAALAC International accreditation program is herewith described, including observations  of findings identified during on-site assessments.
An overview of the key concepts required for managing a laboratory animal (rodent) facility
Authors: T Sai
Published: January 2025

The use of laboratory animals primarily rodents (mice) has increased over the past 20 years especially withthe availability of transgenic and mutant strains. This increased use of mice along with novel research modelswith unique needs, has contributed to the evolution of the modern vivariums, decontamination equipment,imaging cores, ultra clean barriers, decontamination of feed and water etc. In addition, the industry hasalso made significant improvement in operating animal facilities. Automation of cage processing is just oneexample that signifies the sophistication which is an ongoing process. This sophistication and availability ofbetter options not only improved animal welfare and ergonomics, but also efficiency in operating the modernanimal facilities. As the animal facility operation involves several components, it could be challenging foran entry level manager to be knowledgeable about the best options that suits the needs of the facility. Thisarticle provides an overview of the most popular practices for the crucial aspects of animal care involvinghousing, animal health monitoring, feed and watering systems in addition to quality aspects. To provide acomplete review of the laboratory animal facility operations and management would exceed the scope of thisarticle. However, the topics discussed here are worthy of note when assessing the essential care and welfareof laboratory animals
Evaluation of certain bioactive compounds using in ovo diabetic model
Authors: T P Satish
Published: January 2025

Mammalian models are frequently used for drug research and delivery systems. However, valid mammalian  models are expensive, time consuming and not easy to set up and evaluate. Furthermore, they are often linked  with ethical and legal aspects. Many micro, macro nutrients and other photochemical from food materials  are found to possess many desirable health benefits. A large number of studies involving animals have  been carried out to explore these beneficial properties. As an alternative, chick embryo developed through  incubation of fertile chicken eggs has been used as a novel system to develop suitable models for biochemical  and neutraceutical research. The in ovo technique is accepted as an alternative to traditional mammalian  models and this can be suitably used in our routine biochemical tests, wherever the animal trials are not  feasible. In view of the above, the development and evaluation of certain bioactive components using in ovo technique as a diabetic model was carried out in our laboratory. Bixin decreased significantly the plasma  glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, while liver glycogen levels in  treated diabetic chick embryos increased when compared to control diabetic chick embryos.
Sub chronic toxicity study of mixed fungal isolates culture filtrates from ground nut hay in rats
Authors: Tikare Vinay , Shridhar N B , Jayakumar K , Rao Suguna , Isloor Shrikrishna , Tripathi Indu
Published: January 2025

Sub chronic toxicity study of mixed culture filtrate of Rhizopus oryzae, Fusarium verticilloides and Fusarium xylarioides isolated from the fungal contaminated ground nut hay was conducted in rats. The fungi were isolated from the contaminated  groundnut hay which caused mycotoxicosis in cross bred cattle, exhibited the clinical signs of colic, tenesmus, ruminal  atony, anorexia, bleeding from nostrils, rectum and fly bite site. The rats were gavaged with culture filtrate at the dose level  of 0.5, 1 and 2 ml daily for 90 days. Clinical signs observed were diarrhea, weakness, severe arching of back, swollen  forehead and conjunctival hemorrhage. Cutaneous hemorrhagic patches on back, scrotum, abdomen, ears and legs region  seen. There was a significant increase (P <0.05) in serum concentrations of creatinine, urea nitrogen, ALT and AST  indicated the renal and hepatic damage which was confirmed by histopathology. There were lesions in brain and GI tract  of the treated rats. The present study indicated the toxic feature of the mixed culture filtrates of fungi Rhizopus oryzae,  Fusarium verticilloides and Fusarium xylarioides isolated from ground nut hay.
Effect of enriched environment on reproductive performance and body weight gain in Wistar rats
Authors: Patel Satish D , Patel Samir R , Patel Urvesh D , P Y Guru , Jain Mukul R
Published: January 2025

Environment is known to play an important role in animal health, reproduction and its growth. In order to understand the  influence of different kind of enrichment items on breeding performance and growth rate, this experiment was carried out  on Wistar rats. The male and female rats of mature age were randomly selected and these animals were provided with  different kind of enrichment items in cages such as fat rat hut, tunnel and crawl ball during the breeding period. Control  animals were not provided with any enrichment item in cages. Reproductive parameter (fertility index, survival success,  M/F ratio) were evaluated in all four group of animals. The results indicated that, the presence or absence of enrichment  items did not affect the reproductive performance and survival success of the pups. The pups continued to remain exposed  to the same kind of enrichment item, to evaluate the effect of enrichment on body weight gain. The male rats with fat rat  hut as an enrichment item showed significantly less body weight gain compared to control, whereas female rats with crawl  ball and tunnel as enrichment items showed significantly more body weight gain compared to that of control. The result of  this study indicates that, male and female may have different discrimination for enrichment items according to their shape,  size and surface area; however these enrichment items have no effect on reproductive parameter.
Mini-pigs as replacement for non-rodent species
Authors: Mohan K , Shridhar N , Ramachandra S G , Shankar T V Shiva , Pavithra B H , Venkanna B
Published: January 2025

Swine is the optimal model species for investigation of a large number of human diseases and have made valuable  contributions to almost every field of human medicine. Similarities in the cardiovascular, urogenital, integument, skeletal  and digestive systems of swine to humans have contributed to increased use of pigs in research. Swine offer additional  advantages over other species by having a renal anatomy and function very similar to human. Studies have lead to the  development of a highly warranted vaccine for various diseases using swine as model. In animal models, whole cell  vaccination resulted in hypersensitivity reactions, so new strategies are devised. The first immunogenic molecule described  was the major outer membrane protein and this molecule has been studied in great detail as a candidate vaccine. Even though  complete protection was not obtained, reduced shedding was observed and vaccine trials in SPF pigs as animal models  using naked DNA as a vaccine resulted in stimulation of both the humoral and the cellular immune responses indicating  progress in vaccine development. This model is also used in pharmacokinetic studies, evaluating ADME, interspecies  variations in CYP subfamily. Further, because of their similarities with humans, pig tissues and organs are currently being  used and studied as human xenografts with the potential for increased use in this area in the near future.
Quality of animals in GLP studies
Authors: P V Mohanan
Published: January 2025

GLP is a Quality system concerned with the organizational process and the conditions under which non-clinical health  and environmental safety studies are planned, performed, monitored, recorded, reported and archived. The purpose  of studies on “non-clinical health and environmental safety” is to investigate the physical/chemical, biological and/ or toxicological properties of the test item under investigation. The GLP principles are not only concerned about the  possibility for checking back the identity of the test item but also ensures that the correct test item has been applied  to the test systems. Test system characterization is an important quality control criterion in GLP studies. Regulators  need sound, healthy, valid, unbiased test systems, to obtain reproducible, repeatable and reliable test results. This is  possible only when we use properly characterized, pure, healthy test systems at a globally harmonized environmental  conditions.
Mouse milk bacterial count in coagulase negative staphylococcus species induced mastitis
Authors: Krishnamoorthy P , Satyanarayana M L , Shome B R , Rahman H
Published: January 2025

Bovine mastitis in an economically important disease of dairy cattle and caused by multi etiological factors. In the  present study, milk viable bacterial count in mouse mastitis induced by Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. chromogenes, S.  haemolyticus and S. aureusisolated from apparently normal bovine milk was studied. The 2 x 104CFUorganisms in 50 µl  per teat were inoculated through intramammary route in 4th and 5th pairs of abdominal mammary gland in mice. The mouse  milk ranging from 50 to 200 µl per mice wascollectedat 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs after intramammary inoculation. The  milk was diluted with sterile PBS and subjected to bacterial countby pour plate method. The viable bacterial count in mice  milk showed significant (P<0.05) increase in bacterial colonies at 12, 24, 48 and 72hrs after S. aureus infection in mice.  The three coagulase negative staphylococci(CNS) species showed initial increase in bacterial counts at 12 and 24 hrs but  declined from 48 to 96 hrs after IMI in mice. Thus, CNS species can increase the mice viable bacterial count moderately but  ten to fifteen fold increase was observed in S. aureus infected mice mammary gland.This indicated the subclinical nature  of CNS intramammaryinfection in mice and also the host ability to overcome and eliminate the CNS infection. Mouse is a  suitable model to study coagulase negative staphylococcus species induced bovine subclinical mastitis.
CPCSEA Inspections: Can it be done the AAALAC way?
Authors: Ingle Arvind
Published: January 2025

India is one of the countries which have oldest regulations  for animal welfare and experimentation. The Committee for  the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on  Animals (CPCSEA) was constituted by the Government of  India, way back in 1968 under chapter IV of the Prevention  of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960 to oversee the animal  experiments and welfare.
Infestation of a New Colony of New Zealand White Rabbits housed in a New Animal Facility by Ear Manage Mite, Psoroptes Cuniculi
Authors: Vellayan Subramaniam , Kesavanarayanan Krishnan Selvarajan
Published: January 2025

Psoroptes cuniculi is a common ectoparasite that causes ear mite infection in several species including rabbits. Six New  Zealand White rabbits were purchased from a local breeder and were quarantined in a newly established Laboratory  Animal Care Unit (LACU), Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. Clinical examination for endo and  ectoparasites were found to be negative. A prophylactic dose of ivermectin (0.1ml/kg, s.c) was administered. Rabbits were  transferred to a holding area after 30 days of quarantine. Routine husbandry practices were followed under the guidance  of a trained research assistant (RA). Approximately after 2-3 weeks, hard and scaly skin lesions were observed in the fore  paws and hairy portion of the nails in three rabbits. In addition, both ears were observed to exhibit severe otitis externa  with heavy crusting. The present study attempts to investigate the mode of transmission and the preventive measures to  be adopted. Ear and fore paw scrapping were mixed with liquid paraffin and subjected to light microscopic (10 & 40X)  observation. Psoroptic mites were observed and identified as Psoroptes cuniculi. Six rabbits were treated initially with  ivermectin (0.2 ml/kg, s.c) and 0.4ml was instilled into both the ears. The treatment was repeated similarly after two weeks.  It was identified that the transmission of P.cuniculi was through the RA. The RA has been visiting the rabbit breeder to  learn the basic techniques of handling rabbits. The same lab coat was used by the RA at rabbit breeder facility and LACU.  Transmission of P.cuniculi may be from the breeder through RA clothing. Veterinarians or animal care takers should follow  the standard operating procedures for laboratory animal husbandry. Disposable personal protective equipment’s should be  practiced during routine husbandry practices.
Training and Development of Staff in Laboratory Animal Care Program
Authors: Devan R K Shakthi , Parthiban N , Kishore Krishna , Poosala Suresh
Published: January 2025

Training is an important prerequisite to work with laboratory animals in vivarium facilities. Several organizations  emphasize mandatory training prior to use of animals either for experiment or husbandry practices in order to meet  organizational goals and core values especially in laboratory animal research facilities. The animal care personnel (ACP),  animal care supervisors (ACS), scientists, study director, investigators and veterinarians should be trained in their relevant  field to perform procedures based on the kind of work they handle on day to day animal care and experimental activities.  Any institution can formulate a formal training program considering their requirements and species housed within the  facility. Syngene laboratory Animal Research (SLAR) has been the premier organization who explicitly support for  training and development of staff at all levels with commitment to increase skill levels of team members to deliver high  quality animal care on par with global standards. The noteworthy training matrix of ALAT, LAT, LATG, and FELASA “C”  level certification was cleared by at least 8 and 14 staff, respectively, that includes ACS/investigators/veterinarians apart  from specialized techniques on animal procedures. The training, certification and continuing professional development  (CPD) showed competency among staff with improved supervisory skills and managerial performance especially animal  husbandry as well as other experimental procedures. A viable option of cross-training also provided to carryout weekend  animal care including critical functions during emergency situations as redundant backups such a way to maintain the well being of animals without any compromise. Dissemination of knowledge and effective communication with transparency  is an essential component for successful training outcomes and practical applications at the laboratories. Collectively, the  facility veterinarians and quality assurance have been ensuring the periodical training and monitoring oversight of all the  activities in vivarium.
Alternatives to use of animal experiments in teaching and research- A review
Authors: Singh Amita
Published: January 2025

The “Alternatives” or “Substitutes” is defined as anything from absolute to partial replacement of live animals in biomedical  research and testing. Russell and Burch have given their definition of “alternatives” as “the three Rs-Replacement,  Reduction and Refinement”. The 4th R i.e. Responsibility was added in 1995. Major areas of medicine and biology where  experimental animals are involved include-Developing new treatments for diseases (like multiple sclerosis, cancers, AIDS,  Alzheimer disease etc.), preparations of natural products used in medical research, safety testing of chemicals and drugs,  study of genetic disorders (like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anaemia etc.), development of new diagnostic tests for diseases,  laboratory mice and stem cells etc. There are some demerits of animal experimental studies like inhumane treatment  of laboratory animals and an animals’ response to a drug can be different from that of human beings etc. The common  alternatives to experimental animals can be physico-chemical techniques, microbiological systems, tissue/organ culture  preparation, computer models, epidemiological surveys and plant analysis (e.g. toxicity assays in plants). Research methods  superior to using animals to learn about human disease or predict the safety of new drugs are stem cells, microdosing,  DNA chips, microfluidics chips, human tissue, new imaging technologies, and post-marketing drug surveillance and  alternative organisms [like lower vertebrates (e.g. Zebra fish), invertebrates (e.g. Drosophila melanogaster)]. Animal  ethics is an issue as important as the human welfare. More efforts need to be undertaken for effective implementation  of 4 Rs during laboratory use of animals. The increase in knowledge, improvement of health care and creation of useful  products that is derived from experimentation on animals, carries the cost of pain and distress that the animals experience.  There are provisions for ensuring that animal use is performed in a humane manner so as to minimize pain, distress or  discomfort. Various alternatives to animal use have been suggested, which need to be implemented in an effective manner.  The development in the field of science and technology should be brought to its advantage so that in the coming years  novel alternatives can be developed and the issue of ‘moral values’ in experimentations can be sorted out.
An Episode of Acute Mortality in Laboratory Zebrafish- A Case Report
Authors: Kohale Kalidas
Published: January 2025

In the recent years, zebrafish (Danio rerio) species has been popularized as an animal model of human biology in  understanding the genetic mechanism of vertebrate development and disease. Aquarium water is an immediate surrounding  medium for the fish species in laboratory setup that determine their survival and normal physiological activities. Raising  healthy zebrafish in the laboratory environment is prerequisite to ensure disease free stock for better research outcome.  Important water parameters such as temperature, pH, electric conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen and CO2 are required  to be monitored regularly as a part of quality control. An episode of acute mortality was witnessed in several lines of  laboratory zebrafish maintained at the facility of TIFR, Mumbai. The clinical symptoms include lethargy, swimming  inability, settling down at the bottom and acute death. The acute mortality was evidenced irrespective of age, sex and  strains of the zebrafish. The investigation was carried out to find the etiological agents implicated in the acute mortality.  After ruling out various causative agents associated with the mortality, an investigation was zeroed on the pH of the fish  aquarium water, the culprit for the acute death episode. The highly acidic pH (3.5 to 4.0) of the fish aquarium water was  brought to normal level by adding buffer solution to avoid further mortality. Present paper describes an episode of acute  death, timely diagnosis and successful measures taken to rescue the Danio rerio loss due to highly acidic aquarium water.
Effect of vincristine on oral cavity carcinoma in rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta)
Authors: Singh Surender , Kumar Jerald Mahesh , P Nagarajan
Published: January 2025

An adult male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta ) presented a malocclusion of teeth/ jaw with slight swelling in the upper  mandible in particular on right upper canine with diffused growth in the lower incisor and was showing progressive loss in  the weight of the animal. Histopathology of the biopsied tissue confirmed the lesion as Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC).  The animal was treated with Vincristine sulphate for three consecutive days two weeks apart. During and after treatment,  there was gradual reduction in the growth with some changes in hematological parameters and weight. Squamous cell  carcinoma is one of the most common oral neoplasia in many species including macaques. Treatment with Vincristine  sulphate has a good response to prolong the life of the animal.
Standardization of single-handed jugular vein blood sampling technique for clinical pathology assessment in rats
Authors: Naikodi Sangmesh , Umapathi Lohith , Govindarajan Arunprasath , Raja Nivethitha , Palanisamy Kamalavenkatesh
Published: January 2025

The preferred site for blood collection for clinical pathology assessment depends on the volume and type of blood required,  sampling intervals and state of consciousness of animals during sampling. Blood sampling from jugular vein from conscious  rats has multiple advantages including simplicity, speed, the ability to incorporate repeated sampling (decreasing the need  for satellite groups), collection in conscious animals and supports three Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement).  The objectives of this study were to standardise single handed jugular vein sampling in conscious male rats and compare  the clinical pathology data generated, with samples obtained from fasted and anesthetized rats via retro-orbital bleeding,  abdominal aorta and heart (ventricles). Forty-eight (48) rats were grouped into twelve rats each, per group per route. No  biological or statistically significant differences were observed in any of clinical pathology parameters obtained by jugular  vein blood collection in conscious rats compared to blood samples collected from other sampling routes under isoflurane  anesthesia. It is concluded that single-handed blood sampling from jugular veins of conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats  resulted in acceptable quality of samples for clinical pathology assessment. The single-handed jugular vein sampling  technique can be considered as advantageous on welfare grounds as rats can be returned to the cages within minutes after  sampling, consequently reducing the stress. Additionally, blood sampling from conscious rats enable the interpretation of  the clinical pathology data without being influenced by anesthesia.
An overview on history of laboratory animal science in Asian countries
Authors: Gunatilake Mangala , Ramachandra S G , Ingle Arvind , Baumans Vera
Published: January 2025

The time points of development of laboratory animal-based research and establishment of societies/associations for  laboratory animal science differ in the Asian part of the world. Some of the Asian countries do not have their own  associations and they are in the process of establishing them. In this context, we conceptualized the idea through this article  to provide an overview on initiation of laboratory animal-based research and establishment of associations or societies in  several different Asian countries.
UCFM as the forerunner in the field of Laboratory Animal Science in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunatilake Mangala
Published: January 2025

Animals have been models for humans since the dawn  of medicine as per the first medical handbook ‘Corpus  Hippocraticum’ (around 400 B.C). In an era where no  anaesthetic agents were identified, live animals such as dogs,  pigs and monkeys were the subjects for vivisections to study  human anatomy. Reverend Stephen Hales (1677–1761)  inserted a brass pipe into a major blood vessel in the neck of a  live horse through which a glass tube was sent and introduced  the concept of blood pressure to the scientific fraternity (van  Zutphen, 2001; Lewis, 1994; Felts, 1977). Similar to these,  different animals have been the models for development of  many fields of medicine especially for the benefit of humans.  The objective of this article is to describe the role played by  the Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo (UCFM) as  the forerunner in laboratory animal science in Sri Lanka to  facilitate laboratory animal use in medical education, research,  ethics and laboratory animal science education.
Management of Animal Facilities during Disaster with reference to Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kohale Kalidas
Published: January 2025

Animals are most often victimized during calamities and disasters such as flood, earthquake, epidemic, fire, protest and war.  Prevention of animal suffering during such situations is the most challenging part to meet the animal welfare aspect. The  recent pandemic caused by Covid 19 infection has brought the whole world to a standstill. The declaration of a public health  emergency of international concern due to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in January 2020 and subsequently confirming the  COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) was a major global crisis in the history  of human life. With the public health concern due to Covid-19 pandemic and rising number of cases, on 24th March 2020,  the Hon Prime Minister of India declared a nationwide lockdown for 21 days and lockdown extended for two more times  till June 2020. Several institutions associated with the day-to-day activities of the public were closed. It was a very difficult  situation to arrange services for running the animal facilities in the research laboratories. This was the first-ever disaster  when public services, transport and manpower availability were severely affected for the months. Although the husbandry  practices in the established animal facilities in national laboratories/institutions/corporate were not affected severely during  the Covid 19 pandemic, many small facilities in the zoology/pharmacy colleges and small establishments collapsed due to  non-availability of manpower, bedding materials and feeds. Many research organizations were closed for daily working due  to scarcity of the above services and allowed to work from the home wherever possible. To cope up with such a situation  disaster management plan should be in place in all the animal facilities. We describe a disaster management plan for  handling a similar situation if it arise in the future. The plan includes articulation of several authorities at different levels for  the uninterrupted passage of services towards the arrangement of manpower, materials and feeds to avoid animal suffering.
Status of laboratory animal welfare in India: a way forward
Authors: Krishnamoorthy P , Karthika N
Published: January 2025

Laboratory animals are being used widely in the research and development organizations and hence their welfare is of a  great concern. The welfare of laboratory animals varies in a continuum between the countries in the world and are linked  to their cultural, societal and religious practices. There is a need for very good laboratory animal welfare in India and also  countries for the advancement of scientific knowledge and benefit of the human kind. The status of the welfare of the  laboratory animals used for research in India was discussed and also the way forward is explained.
Effect of Hematology and Biochemistry during Lactation and Non-Lactation in Rhesus Monkey (Macaca Mullata )
Authors: Arindkar Shailendra kumar , Singh Surender
Published: January 2025

Lactation induces physiological changes in mammals, which can influence hematological and biochemical parameters. This study aims to compare the hematological and biochemical profiles of lactating and non-lactating Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to better understand the impact of lactation on their metabolic and physiological status. The aims of this study were to verify if significant changes occur in hematological and biochemical parameters in Rhesus Macaques during Lactation period and Post lactation Hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in 12 Female Rhesus Macaques that were Lactating and Post Lactation .On Hematology analysis we could find the significant changes in neutrophil and Lymphocytes count between the two groups . Biochemistry analysis showed significant changes in Triglycerides level . Our findings provide reference data for researchers and contribute to a better understanding of pri mate biology in different reproductive states
A Review on Vitiligo A Autoimmune Disorder and its Herbal Treatment
Authors: Ms. Joshi Madhavi Vikasrao  , Miss. Namrata Haladkar
Published: January 2025

This review gives current knowledge on the vitiligo is autoimmune disorder. Vitiligo is a single - blind clinical trial. It's is a acquired degimentation disorder in the vitiligo white molecule occur on the skin and cause significant psychological stress and stigmatization. Vitiligo can be triggered by stress to the melanin pigment producing cell of the skin . The prevalence of vitiligo in india has been invariably reported between 0.25 %and 4% of dermatology outpatient across studies from India and up to 88% in gujrat and Rajasthan. Most of the patient undergoes intermittent body purification. Patient were treated with Ayurvedic past vaman medication like Bakuchitia, Bakuchighanvati, khandiarishta . Hence the present review includes the detail exploration on the vitiligo and herbal plant which are used in treatment of vitiligo is an attempt to provide a direction for further research.
E-Mart : (Wholesale E-Commerce Platform)
Authors: Kale Sakshi  , Adamane Rushikesh  , Dhotre Sahil  , Bhaskarwar Rounak  , Prof. Mrs. Manjushri Raut
Published: January 2025

The E-Mart project is a wholesale e-commerce platform designed to bridge the gap between manufacturers, distributors, and retailers by providing a seamless online marketplace. In an era where digital transformation is reshaping industries, wholesale commerce remains a critical area that demands modernization. E-Mart addresses the inefficiencies of traditional wholesale operations by offering a user-friendly, scalable, and secure platform where bulk buyers and sellers can interact and transact with ease. This platform not only simplifies the procurement process but also opens new business opportunities by leveraging technology to create a transparent, efficient, and cost-effective supply chain.
The core objective of E-Mart is to streamline B2B (business-to-business) transactions, offering a robust platform for wholesale buyers to access a wide range of products directly from manufacturers and distributors. Key features of the platform include product listing, price comparison, bulk order management, secure payment gateways, and logistics integration for tracking shipments. Sellers can manage inventory, set pricing, and receive real-time analytics to optimize their business strategies, while buyers benefit from competitive pricing, bulk discounts, and an easy-to-navigate interface that reduces the complexity of large-scale procurement.
To develop this platform, we employed agile development methodologies and open-source technologies to ensure flexibility, scalability, and security. The system architecture is designed to handle large volumes of transactions and concurrent users while ensuring data integrity and protection through encryption protocols. The backend integrates with various APIs for payment processing, shipping, and inventory management, while the frontend focuses on providing a clean, intuitive user experience.
A pilot implementation of E-Mart was conducted with select wholesalers and retailers in different sectors, including electronics, consumer goods, and textiles. The results showed significant improvements in order accuracy, reduced lead times, and cost savings for both buyers and sellers. Furthermore, feedback from early adopters has been overwhelmingly positive, highlighting the platform's potential to transform wholesale e-commerce.
In conclusion, E-Mart presents a comprehensive solution to the challenges faced in the wholesale market by integrating technology-driven innovations with industry best practices. As the platform evolves, future enhancements will include AI-driven analytics, dynamic pricing models, and further customization options to enhance user experience and profitability..
Palladius: Dialogue on the Life of St. John Chrysostom
Authors: Meyer Robert T.
Published: January 2025

Probably written in 406-408, this dialogue between an unidentified bishop and Theodore, a deacon of the church of Rome, has as its aim to point out Chrysostom as a model of what a true Christian bishop should be.
St. Augustine: The Lord’s Sermon on the Mount
Authors: Jepson John J.
Published: January 2025

This work was written between the years 393 to 396, when Augustine served as a priest at Hippo. In the first book he answers the question of the true meaning of The Sermon on the Mount: Is it humanely possible to put The Sermon into practice? The second book deals with the sixth and seventh chapters of this Gospel, and offers a condensed theology of prayer.
Theodoret of Cyrus on Divine Providence
Authors: Halton Thomas
Published: January 2025

Theodoret can be called the last great torchbearer of Christian rhetoric in Asia and De providentia is regarded by many as exhibiting his literary power in its highest form. Written c. 437.
Rule by Rule: Learning with Confidence through Vocabulary Expansion
Authors: N¨ossig Albert , Hell Tobias , Moser Georg
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose an innovative iterative approach to rule learning, specifically designed for (though not limited to) text-based data. Our method focuses on progressively expanding the vocabulary used in each iteration, resulting in a significant reduction in memory consumption. Additionally, we introduce a Value of Confidence, which quantifies the reliability of the generated rules. By leveraging the Value of Confidence, our approach ensures that only the most robust and trustworthy rules are retained, thereby enhancing the overall quality of the rule learning process. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through extensive experiments on both textual and non-textual datasets, including a case study of significant interest to the insurance industry, highlighting its potential for real-world applications.
A Smart Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Rehabilitation Treatment Suggestion System using Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
Authors: Wang Gengshuo , Blaustein Morris
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for accessible and personalized health management solutions [1]. This research presents CRIC, a mobile app that leverages AI to generate personalized Cardiac Risk Factor Scores and provide tailored recommendations. By integrating user input, AIdriven analysis, and a secure database, CRIC delivers actionable health insights and reliable educational resources to users [2]. Experiments involving 10 participants demonstrated high user satisfaction, with significant knowledge improvement as post-test scores increased by 30%. While challenges such as data accuracy and navigation were identified, iterative enhancements address these issues effectively. CRIC offers an innovative approach to bridging the gaps in traditional cardiovascular risk assessment, empowering users to make informed decisions about their health and contributing to global efforts in preventive healthcare.
Residual Aware Stacking: A Novel Approach for Improved Machine Learning Model Performance
Authors: Ranglani Hardev
Published: January 2025

Traditional stacking ensembles in Machine Learning aggregate predictions from multiple models to improve accuracy, but they often fail to address the residual errors left by base models. This paper introduces ResidualAware Stacking (RAS), a novel approach that trains additional models to predict residuals (errors) of base models, creating a second layer of predictions. These, combined with the original base model predictions, are used to train a meta-model for the final output. This meta-model leverages both the original predictions and residual corrections to produce the final output. We demonstrate the improved accuracy and robustness of this technique by applying it on various regression datasets and comparing their performance against traditional models. This method highlights the potential of residual modeling in enhancing ensemble learning
The Influence of Politeness Norms and Language Skills on How Students Communicate with Teachers in Civic Education Learning Subjects
Authors: Sari Juliana , Rejeki Sri , Saddam Saddam
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the influence of politeness norms and language skills on communication procedures between students and teachers in junior and senior high school students learning subjects in pink. This research method uses quantitative research with an observational approach involving 92 respondents, and this research instrument uses a Likert scale with 92 questions. The data results using multiple regression tests show that the influence of politeness norms on communication manners significantly affects communication manners with a regression value of 18.6%. Annova F produces a value of 10,024, indicating the significance of the model as a whole, while the sign value of 0.000 confirms each independent variable. This study plays an important role in understanding the influence of politeness norms and language skills on communication manners between students and teachers in civic education learning subjects. This research provides insight into how politeness norms and language skills affect communication between students and teachers, especially in Civics subjects at the junior and senior high school levels.
KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT POLYP BUỒNG TỬ CUNG BẰNG HỆ THỐNG TRUCLEAR TẠI BỆNH VIỆN PHỤ SẢN TRUNG ƯƠNG
Authors: Lê Quang Nam , Phạm Thị Thanh Hiền , Nguyễn Thái Giang , Nguyễn Liên Phương , Đỗ Thị Hằng Nga
Published: January 2025

Mục tiêu: Nhận xét kết quả phẫu thuật polyp buồng tử cung (BTC) bằng hệ thống TruClear tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả hồi cứu trên 148 người bệnh (NB) polyp (BTC) và được phẫu thuật bằng hệ thống TruClear tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương từ tháng 08 năm 2022 đến tháng 6 năm 2024. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình của đối tượng nghiên cứu là 38,4±7,2, thường gặp ở nhóm 30-39 tuổi (41,9%), lý do vào viện của NB polyp BTC chủ yếu là ra máu âm đạo bất thường (57,4%), triệu chứng ra máu âm đao bất thường chủ yếu là rong kinh rong huyết (74%). Chẩn đoán chủ yếu dựa vào siêu âm bơm nước (91,9%) và/ hoặc siêu âm 2D đầu dò âm đạo (93,2%). Đa số là đơn polyp chiếm 76,4%, chân polyp thường bám theo tỉ lệ giảm dần từ thành sau, thành trước, đáy, thành trái, thành phải tử cung. Tỉ lệ thành công của phẫu thuật là 96,6%, tỉ lệ tai biến trong phẫu thuật là 2,1% gồm chảy máu và thủng tử cung. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật thành công chiếm tỉ lệ cao, tỉ lệ tai biến của phẫu thuật thấp.
KHẢO SÁT ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG BỆNH NHÂN TRÀN DỊCH MÀNG PHỔI DỊCH TIẾT
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Đại , Nguyễn Thế Vinh
Published: January 2025

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng trên bệnh nhân tràn dịch màng phổi dịch tiết tại Khoa Nội Hô hấp Bệnh viện Đa khoa Trung ương Cần Thơ. Phương pháp: Thiết kế nghiên cứu hồi cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 97 bệnh nhân nhập viện điều trị tại Khoa Nội Hô hấp Bệnh viện Đa khoa Trung ương Cần Thơ có chẩn đoán là tràn dịch màng phổi dịch tiết từ tháng 01/2023 đến tháng 01/2024. Kết quả: Đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng: Bệnh nhân vào viện với lý do nhiều nhất là đau ngực (59,8%). Triệu chứng cơ năng và toàn thân nổi bật là đau ngực kiểu màng phổi (89,7%) và các triệu chứng thường gặp trong tràn dịch màng phổi khó thở (80,4%), ho khan (58,8%), sốt (33%). Triệu chứng thực thể ghi nhận được khi thăm khám chủ yếu là hội chứng ba giảm (100%) và tiếng ran phổi (25,8%). Về đặc điểm cận lâm sàng, đa phần là tràn dịch màng phổi một bên (84,5%), tự do (95,9%) và lượng trung bình (43,3%). Tổn thương nhu mô phổi kèm theo trên X-quang phổi thẳng chuẩn chiếm 61,9%. Phần lớn các bệnh nhân tràn dịch màng phổi dịch tiết trong nghiên cứu có công thức bạch cầu bình thường (61,9%). Đa số dịch màng phổi trong nghiên cứu của chúng tôi đều có màu vàng chanh (77,3%), có 30,9% có xuất hiện tế bào lạ trong dịch màng phổi và tỷ lệ PCR dịch màng phổi âm tính cao (92,8%). Trong 97 trường hợp được tiến hành cell-block và sinh thiết thì có 49,5% trường hợp có tế bào carcinoma trong dịch màng phổi.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT PHACO THỂ THỦY TINH ĐẶT KÍNH NỘI NHÃN TRÊN MẮT ĐÃ CẮT BÈ CỦNG GIÁC MẠC TẠI BỆNH VIỆN MẮT TỈNH HÀ NAM
Authors: Dương Nam Trà , Nguyễn Thị Thu Yên , Phạm Thị Kim Thanh
Published: January 2025

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả phẫu thuật phaco thể thủy tinh đặt kính nội nhãn trên bệnh nhân đã mổ cắt bè củng giác mạc tại Bệnh viện Mắt tỉnh Hà Nam. Đối tượng và phương pháp: 35 mắt đủ điều kiện được đưa vào nghiên cứu từ Bệnh viện Mắt tỉnh Hà Nam từ  tháng 8 năm 2023 đến tháng 7 năm 2024. Nghiên cứu mô tả tiến cứu không có nhóm chứng, tất cả bệnh nhân được điều trị bằng phẫu thuật phaco, thời gian theo dõi 3 tháng. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ thành công của phẫu thuật sau 3 tháng là tốt 82,9%, trung bình 17,1%. Thị lực trung bình sau 3 tháng là 0,427± 0,22 tăng hơn so với trước mổ (p < 0,05). Nhãn áp sau mổ tăng hơn so với trước mổ nhưng trong giới hạn bình thường. Khó khăn trong phẫu thuật: tiền phòng nông (< 2,5mm) chiếm 51,4%, nhân cứng độ IV + V chiếm 48,6%, đồng tử kém giãn hoặc không giãn và dính mặt trước mống mắt vào thể thủy tinh mỗi loại chiếm 25,7%. Biến chứng sau phẫu thuật là phù giác mạc và viêm màng bồ đào. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật phaco thể thủy tinh đặt kính nội nhãn là phương pháp điều trị hiệu quả và an toàn trên mắt đục thể thủy tinh sau cắt bè củng giác mạc.
ỨNG DỤNG THANG ĐIỂM ODS VÀ THANG ĐIỂM PHÂN LOẠI KHÔ DA CỦA GUENTHER ĐỂ ĐÁNH GIÁ TÌNH TRẠNG KHÔ DA VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TUÝP 2
Authors: Trần Quang Học , Tô Lan Phương , Lê Thái Vân Thanh
Published: January 2025

Đặt vấn đề: Đái tháo đường (ĐTĐ) là một nhóm bệnh rối loạn chuyển hóa đặc trưng bởi tình trạng tăng đường huyết mạn tính. Khô da là một rối loạn da rất thường được quan sát thấy9,10 ở bệnh nhân ĐTĐ tuýp 2. Điều này đặt ra sự cần thiết cần có một công cụ lâm sàng để khảo sát khô da ở bệnh nhân ĐTĐ tuýp 2. Đề án: “Ứng dụng thang điểm ODS và thang điểm phân loại khô da của Guenther để đánh giá tình trạng khô da và các yếu tố liên quan ở bệnh nhân đái tháo đường tuýp 2” được tiến hành nhằm ứng dụng và đánh giá ưu nhược điểm của mỗi thang điểm, cũng như khảo sát tỉ lệ xuất hiện, mức độ khô da ở BN ĐTĐ tuýp 2 và những yếu tố liên quan, qua đó góp phần giúp các bác sĩ lâm sàng cũng như mỗi người bệnh ý thức được tầm quan trọng của vấn đề khô da ở BN ĐTĐ tuýp 2. Mục tiêu: Ứng dụng thang điểm ODS và thang điểm phân loại khô da của Guenther để khảo sát tình trạng khô da và các yếu tố liên quan ở bệnh nhân đái tháo đường tuýp 2. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang thực hiên trên 240 người bệnh ĐTĐ tuýp 2 được chẩn đoán và theo dõi điều trị ngoại trú tại phòng khám Nội tiết - Khoa Khám bệnh - Bệnh viện Đại học Y dược TP.HCM từ tháng 12/2023 - 06/2024. Kết quả: Thang điểm khô da ODS và thang điểm phân loại khô da của Guenther giúp đánh giá một cách khách quan mức độ khô da ở BN ĐTĐ tuýp 2, trong đó thang điểm ODS có một số ưu điểm hơn trong thực hành lâm sàng. Kết luận: Có thể ứng dụng rộng rãi 2 thang điểm, đặc biệt là thang điểm ODS trong thực hành lâm sàng để lượng giá mức độ khô da ở bệnh nhân ĐTĐ tuýp 2 nói riêng cũng như các bệnh lý khác nói chung.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ CẬN LÂM SÀNG CỦA BỆNH NHÂN U XƠ TỬ CUNG ĐƯỢC PHẪU THUẬT CẮT TỬ CUNG TOÀN PHẦN QUA NGẢ BỤNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TRUNG ƯƠNG CẦN THƠ NĂM 2024
Authors: Bành Dương Yến Nhi , Trần Thị Sơn Trà , Nguyễn Minh Vũ , Nguyễn Minh Nghiêm , Chung Cẩm Ngọc , Nguyễn Hửu Phước , Đoàn Dũng Tiến , Hoàng Minh Tú
Published: January 2025

Đặt vấn đề: Phẫu thuật cắt tử cung toàn phần (CTCTP) qua ngả bụng là một phẫu thuật thường gặp trong điều trị u xơ tử cung (UXTC). Khi UXTC thất bại với các điều trị tối thiểu khác, cắt tử cung ngả bụng được chỉ định, đặc biệt trong trường hợp UXTC to. Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng bệnh nhân UXTC có chỉ định CTCTP qua ngả bụng tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Trung ương Cần Thơ (ĐKTWCT). Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 47 trường hợp CTCTP qua ngả bụng tại Khoa Phụ sản Bệnh viện ĐKTWCT từ tháng 01/2024 đến tháng 10/2024. Kết quả: Tuổi  trung  bình  47 ±5,9 tuổi. Nhóm tuổi trên 35 chiếm đa số với tỷ lệ 93,6%. Triệu chứng lâm sàng thường gặp nhất là rối loạn kinh nguyệt. Nhóm bệnh nhân có kích thước UXTC trên 81mm qua siêu âm chiếm 76,6%. Thiếu máu trước mổ chiếm 62,3%. Lượng máu mất trung bình 248,5±131,33ml. Thời gian phẫu thuật trung bình 91,9±30,2 phút. Thời gian nằm viện sau phẫu thuật trung bình 6,4±2 ngày. Kết luận: Phần lớn UXTC có chỉ định phẫu thuật ở nhóm phụ nữ trên 35 tuổi, còn kinh nguyệt, kích thước UXTC to, số lượng một u, vị trí thân tử cung, CTCTP đơn thuần là chỉ định thường gặp