bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Mining Enterprises Progress on the Basis of Underground Coal Gasification Method Characteristic
Authors: Falshtynskyi Volodymyr , Dychkovskyi Roman , Saik Pavlo , Lozynskyi Vasyl , Sulaiev Victor , Cabana Edgar Cáceres
Published: May 2019

The authors of the paper consider the concept of further prospective development of mining enterprises. The basis of this concept are scientific results obtained during the study of physical and chemical processes of solids conversion into the gaseous state: coal → gaseous fuels. It was established that the main base of development of mining regions is a mining power-chemical complex. The basic segment of which is a well underground coal gasification station. It is established that increase of indicators of efficient operation of the station from gasification is possible by synthesis of technical and technological decisions on the use of coal seam energy. When coal gasification is over, the gasifier passes into a mode of thermal generator with the use of alothermal technique to remove heat and thermic decomposition products from the degassed space of the gasifier. Generator gas at its initial temperature (1100 – 1300oС) around an underground gasifier creates a powerful heat boiler with a temperature regime of 200 – 300oС. It was established that at work of six gasifiers on a coal seam with thickness of 1.0 m with geometrical parameters each at a width of 30 m and at the length of 450 m energy-thermal power will be 237.8 MW. At the same time, additional energy resources can be obtained by involving segments of alternative forms of energy supply to the life cycle of the mining enterprise.
The Effect of Hot Dip Galvanizing Temperature to Corrosion Rate of Steel as the Material for Chopper Machine
Authors: Gapsari Femiana , Setyarini Puth H. , Anam Khairul , Azizah Siti , Yuliati Ria
Published: May 2019

This study aims to find material steel for animal feed chopper machine which is not easily corroded with method of hot dip galvanizing (HDG). Steel as machinery components or construction often gets broken before the predicted time because of corrosion. The HDG method was begun by pre-treatment process which were polishing, degreasing, rinsing I, pickling, rinsing II, fluxing, and drying. The main process of galvanizing was done by dipping in 98% of zinc solution with temperature variation of 430, 450, 470, and 490°C. The coating thickness measurement was run with Coating thickness NOVOTEST TP-1M. The corrosion was tested with electrochemical method of potentiodynamic polarization with AUTOLAB PGSTAT 128. The highest value of coating thickness was at galvanized temperature of 490°C which was 88.9 ± 3.24%. The value of standard deviation was indicated by how much the coating homogeneity formed. This was in line with the amount of corrosion rate at galvanized temperature of 490°C. The highest corrosion rate values in H2SO4 and NaCl environment were 1.18 and 0.21 mm/year. The highest hardness value of Zn layer is galvanizing temperature of 490°C which rises 41.71% of the base metal. The coating thickness, corrosion and surface hardness test have thee good agreement.
Research of Thermodynamic Conditions for Gas Hydrates Formation from Methane in the Coal Mines
Authors: Sai Kateryna , Malanchuk Zynovii , Petlovanyi Mykhailo , Saik Pavlo , Lozynskyi Vasyl
Published: May 2019

This article is focused on solving the problem of power supply for the mining and industrial regions of Ukraine. This problem is caused by a significant import dependence on natural gas, the lack of efficient technologies in the integrated development of the energy resources of gas-coal deposits and the deterioration of social and economic, as well as environmental conditions in mining regions. As a promising direction for solving the problem of rational use of methane from coal mines and reducing the hazardous gas emissions into the atmosphere, the implementation of gas hydrate technologies into the technological complex of a coal mine has been proposed. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation has been improved for the conditions of gas hydrates formation, which considers the presence of an excess in non-equilibrium defects and is supplemented, taking into account the thermal effect of phase transformations, with all the time positive thermal effect of the defects relaxation. It has been revealed that one can intentionally control the relaxation energy of defects by the thermodynamic stimulus of phase transformations in the process of hydrate formation. The experimental dependences have been determined of the change in hydrate accumulation on the time of hydrate formation, with the methane hydrates production and taking into account the parameters of pressure and temperature. It has been revealed that the maximum fast time of hydrate formation at T = 1°C and P = 10 MPa is the time which amounts to 2.5 hours. The experimental dependences have been determined of the gas hydrates formation out of a methane-air mixture of degassing holes, on the methane concentration, on pressure and temperature parameters. It has been determined that the greater the methane concentration in the mixture, the greater must be the pressure in the system for the gas hydrates formation.
The Cross-Talk between miR-511-3p and C-Type Lectin Receptors on Dendritic Cells Affects Dendritic Cell Function
Authors: Awuah Dennis , Alobaid Meshal , Latif Arsalan , Salazar Fabián , Emes Richard D. , Ghaemmaghami Amir M.
Published: May 2019

MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional modulators of gene expression by binding target mRNAs and inhibiting translation. They are therefore crucial regulators of several biological as well as immunological events. Recently, miR-511-3p has been implicated in the development and differentiation of APCs, such as dendritic cells (DCs), and regulating several human diseases. Interestingly, miR-511-3p is embedded within the human MRC1 gene that encodes the mannose receptor. In this study, we sought to examine the impact of miR-511-3p up- or downregulation on human DC surface phenotype, cytokine profile, immunogenicity (using IDO activity as a surrogate), and downstream T cell polarization. Using gene silencing and a selection of microRNA mimics, we could successfully suppress or induce the expression of miR-511-3p in DCs. Consequently, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that inhibition and/or overexpression of miR-511-3p has opposing effects on the expression levels of two key C-type lectin receptors, namely the mannose receptor and DC-specific ICAM 3 nonintegrin at protein and mRNA levels, thereby affecting C-type lectin receptor–induced modulation of IDO activity in DCs. Furthermore, we show that downregulation of miR-511-3p drives an anti-inflammatory DC response characterized by IL-10 production. Interestingly, the miR-511-3plow DCs also promoted IL-4 secretion and suppressed IL-17 in cocultures with autologous T cells. Together, our data highlight the potential role of miR-511 in regulating DC function and downstream events leading to Th polarization and immune modulation.
Physicochemical, microbiological and parasitological characterization of the filter backwash water from a water treatment plant of Blumenau - SC and alternatives for treatment and reuse
Authors: Petris Alinne , Gonçalves Marcel Jefferson , Roratto Paula Angélica , Goulart Juliane Araujo Greinert
Published: May 2019

Filter Backwash Water (FBW) from water treatment plants (WTP) is composed of raw water waste, chemicals and microorganisms. Inappropriate disposal of this residue impacts negatively in the environment and in the health of human populations. Aiming to characterize the FBW from one WTP of Blumenau-SC, physiochemical, microbiological and parasitological assessments and tests with different flocculants polymers were performed in order to propose strategies for treatment and reuse of this residue. Subsequently treated liquid is discharged into the Itajaí-Açu River (Class 2). Physicochemical and microbiological analyses showed results higher than those permitted by CONAMA Resolution n° 430/2011 and Giardia duodenalis (Assembly B) cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst positivity was observed, characterizing as polluted and contaminated residue that shouldn't be released in the hydric body.  The anionic flocculant polymer showed satisfactory results in the turbidity sample reduction (99.49%), which may be a promising alternative in the treatment of this residue.
Спектр второй вариации
Authors: Agrachev Andrei Alexandrovich
Published: May 2019

Вторая вариация для регулярной экстремали гладкой задачи оптимального управления есть симметричный фредгольмов оператор. Исследована асимптотика спектра этого оператора, и получено явное выражение его определителя через решения уравнения Якоби. В случае принципа наименьшего действия для гармонического осциллятора это дает классическое тождество Эйлера $\prod _{n=1}^\infty (1-x^2/(\pi n)^2)= \sin x/x$. Общий случай может служить источником множества новых красивых тождеств.
Отслеживание решения нелинейной системы при измерении части координат фазового вектора
Authors: Maksimov Vyacheslav Ivanovich
Published: May 2019

Рассматривается задача отслеживания решения нелинейной системы обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений в условиях неточного измерения части фазовых координат. Указывается устойчивый к помехам алгоритм ее решения, который основан на сочетании конструкций теорий динамического обращения и гарантированного управления. Алгоритм состоит из двух блоков: блока динамического восстановления неизмеряемых координат и блока управления с обратной связью.
О приложениях уравнений Гамильтона-Якоби и теории оптимального управления к задачам химиотерапии злокачественных опухолей
Authors: Subbotina Nina Nikolaevna , Novoselova Natalia Gennadievna
Published: May 2019

Рассматривается модель химиотерапии злокачественной опухоли, и исследуется задача оптимального управления (терапии), целью которой является минимизация количества клеток опухоли в фиксированный конечный момент времени. В этой задаче построена функция цены, которая каждому начальному состоянию ставит в соответствие цену, т.е. оптимальный достижимый результат, а также построена оптимальная позиционная стратегия управления (оптимальный синтез), применение которой для любого начального состояния обеспечивает достижение соответствующего оптимального результата. Предлагаемые конструкции опираются на метод характеристик Коши, принцип максимума Понтрягина и теорию обобщенных (минимаксных/вязкостных) решений уравнения Гамильтона-Якоби-Беллмана, описывающего функцию цены.
Прямой метод Понтрягина для оптимизационных задач с дифференциальным включением
Authors: Polovinkin Evgenii Sergeevich
Published: May 2019

Развивается прямой вариационный метод Понтрягина для получения необходимых условий в экстремальной задаче Майера на фиксированном отрезке, ограничение на траектории в которой задается дифференциальным включением с неограниченной, вообще говоря, правой частью. Полученные необходимые условия оптимальности содержат сопряженное дифференциальное включение Эйлера. Результаты доказаны при самых слабых условиях, и получены самые сильные утверждения по сравнению с известными, при этом допустимые множества скоростей могут быть неограниченными и невыпуклыми при общей гипотезе псевдолипшицевости правой части дифференциального включения. В полученных утверждениях уточнены условия на дифференциальное включение Эйлера, в котором не используется ни нормальный конус Кларка, ни предельный нормальный конус, как это делается в работах других авторов. Приведен пример, демонстрирующий эффективность полученных результатов.
Bilateral agreements for the protection of migratory birdlife: the implementation of the China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA)
Authors: Hamman Evan
Published: May 2019

Every year, millions of migratory birds journey along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF). The scope of the EAAF encompasses Asia Pacific nations like Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. The effective conservation of these birds rests upon the implementation of bilateral legal agreements as well as non-binding regional initiatives along this North-South nexus. This article evaluates the implementation of one of the most important bilateral bird agreements in the region – the China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA). The main obligations in CAMBA are identified; as are the legal initiatives adopted by both China and Australia which reflect CAMBA's obligations. Whilst Australian law makes specific reference to CAMBA, Chinese law is far less direct, though perhaps no less effective. The argument is made that the findings in this article have relevance for an improved understanding of the mechanisms for transboundary governance of migratory birdlife, especially in the Asia Pacific.
Regional cooperation for protection of the marine environment in Southeast Asia: current trends in the South China Sea
Authors: Maggio Amber Rose
Published: May 2019

This article explores current trends in regional cooperation in the South China Sea with regard to marine environmental protection. While there are a large number of bodies engaged in some way in issues relating to the marine environment, this region faces some serious challenges in cooperative efforts. Thus, the article gives an overview of the current cooperation landscape, highlights the most serious challenges faced and looks at the way forward. The possibility of the appropriateness of issue-based solutions, particularly to marine litter, is examined, while at the same time emphasis is laid on the importance of the implementation of international obligations and standards.
Trends and Challenges Facing Higher Education: Implications for Agricultural Education
Authors: Garton Bryan L.
Published: May 2019

Dr. Bryan L. Garton presented the 2018 AAAE Distinguished Lecture at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Agricultural Education in Charleston, South Carolina in May 2018. The article is a philosophical work based upon the author’s experiences in the agricultural education profession and in higher education.
Community as Context and Content: A Land-Based Learning for Primer for Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Education
Authors: McKim Aaron J. , Raven Matt R. , Palmer Abbey , McFarland Ashley
Published: May 2019

Mitigating socio-ecological problems like pollution, climate change, and environmental degradation is increasingly essential to sustaining life on Earth. The urgency required to address these challenges throughout Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources (AFNR) Education while simultaneously enhancing the quality of educational experiences offered at the local level requires members of the AFNR Education community continuously identify, critique, implement, and evaluate potentially transformative pedagogical methods. This white paper serves as a primer for a new pedagogical approach to be considered throughout all levels of AFNR Education, land-based learning – defined as a pedagogical approach in which students collaborate with community members to implement place-based interventions within AFNR to increase the sustainability of their community. As an introduction to land-based learning, this review (a) explores the foundations of land-based learning by introducing place-based and land-based education, (b) outlines a four-step approach (i.e., identification, understanding, intervention, and evaluation) to implementing land-based learning within AFNR Education, and (c) illuminates empirically-identified outcomes of land-based learning. As land-based learning is explored, its potential to pragmatically equip communities to empower future generations of learners with the knowledge, skills, and commitment to solve socio-ecological problems is highlighted.
Interpersonal Leadership Competencies of Extension Agents in Florida
Authors: Harder Amy , Harder Lendel K.
Published: May 2019

Extension’s ability to purposively develop the capacity of its agents to effectively work with and lead people is limited by a lack of data that identifies for which competencies agents need training. Interpersonal leadership competencies are widely recognized as important for Extension professionals and the literature indicates they are linked with job satisfaction, motivation, and performance. The Borich method was used to identify priority training needs for Extension agents in Florida within the interpersonal leadership domain. A Principal Component Analysis revealed the interpersonal leadership competencies could be operationalized into two latent constructs, conflict management and group leadership. Competencies for which training is most needed were mostly part of the conflict management construct. The results can be used to intentionally design professional development programs, improve the state’s competency model, and inform future research related to conflict in Extension.
Anthropogenic aerosol forcing – insights from multiple estimates from aerosol-climate models with reduced complexity
Authors: Fiedler Stephanie , Kinne Stefan , Huang Wan Ting Katty , Räisänen Petri , O'Donnell Declan , Bellouin Nicolas , Stier Philip , Merikanto Joonas , van Noije Twan , Makkonen Risto , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This study assesses the change in anthropogenic aerosol forcing from the
mid-1970s to the mid-2000s. Both decades had similar global-mean
anthropogenic aerosol optical depths but substantially different global
distributions. For both years, we quantify (i) the forcing spread due to
model-internal variability and (ii) the forcing spread among models. Our
assessment is based on new ensembles of atmosphere-only simulations with five
state-of-the-art Earth system models. Four of these models will be used in
the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
(CMIP6; Eyring et al., 2016). Here, the complexity of the anthropogenic
aerosol has been reduced in the participating models. In all our simulations,
we prescribe the same patterns of the anthropogenic aerosol optical
properties and associated effects on the cloud droplet number concentration.
We calculate the instantaneous radiative forcing (RF) and the effective
radiative forcing (ERF). Their difference defines the net contribution from
rapid adjustments. Our simulations show a model spread in ERF from −0.4 to
−0.9 W m−2. The standard deviation in annual ERF is 0.3 W m−2, based
on 180 individual estimates from each participating model. This result
implies that identifying the model spread in ERF due to systematic
differences requires averaging over a sufficiently large number of years.
Moreover, we find almost identical ERFs for the mid-1970s and mid-2000s for
individual models, although there are major model differences in natural
aerosols and clouds. The model-ensemble mean ERF is −0.54 W m−2 for the
pre-industrial era to the mid-1970s and −0.59 W m−2 for the pre-industrial
era to the mid-2000s. Our result suggests that comparing ERF changes between two
observable periods rather than absolute magnitudes relative to a poorly
constrained pre-industrial state might provide a better test for a model's
ability to represent transient climate changes.
Effects of air pollution control policies on PM2.5 pollution improvement in China from 2005 to 2017: a satellite-based perspective
Authors: Ma Zongwei , Liu Riyang , Liu Yang , Bi Jun
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Understanding
the effectiveness of air pollution control policies is
important for future policy making. China has implemented strict air pollution
control policies since the 11th Five-Year Plan (FYP). There is still a lack
of overall evaluation of the effects of air pollution control policies on
PM2.5 pollution improvement in China since the 11th FYP. In this
study, we aimed to assess the effects of air pollution control policies from
2005 to 2017 on PM2.5 using satellite remote sensing. We
used the satellite-derived PM2.5 of 2005–2013 from one of our previous
studies. For the data of 2014–2017, we developed a two-stage statistical
model to retrieve satellite PM2.5 data using the Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6 aerosol optical depth (AOD),
assimilated meteorology, and land use data. The first stage is a
day-specific linear mixed effects (LME) model and the second stage is a generalized
additive model (GAM). Results show that the Energy Conservation and
Emissions Reduction (ECER) policy, implemented in the 11th FYP period and
focused on SO2 emissions control, had co-benefits with PM2.5
reductions. The increasing trends of PM2.5 pollution (1.88 and
3.14 µg m−3 year−1 for all of China and the Jingjinji region in 2004–2007, p<0.005) were suppressed after 2007. The overall PM2.5 trend for all of China was −0.56 µg m−3 year−1 with marginal significance
(p=0.053) and PM2.5 concentrations in the Pearl River Delta region had a
big drop (−4.81 µg m−3 year−1, p<0.001) in 2007–2010. The
ECER policy during the 12th FYP period was basically an extension of
the 11th FYP policy. PM2.5 is a kind of composite pollutant which
comprises primary particles and secondary particles such as sulfate,
nitrate, ammonium, organic carbon, elemental carbon, etc. Since the ECER policy
focused on single-pollutant control, it had shown great limitation for
PM2.5 reductions. The PM2.5 concentrations did not decrease from
2010 to 2013 in polluted areas (p values of the trends were greater than
0.05). Therefore, China implemented two stricter policies: the 12th FYP on
Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Key Regions (APPC-KR) in 2012, and
the Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control (APPC-AP) in 2013. The
goal of air quality improvement (especially PM2.5 concentration
improvement) and measures for multi-pollutant control were proposed. These
policies led to dramatic decreases in PM2.5 after 2013 (−4.27 µg m−3 year−1
for all of China in 2013–2017, p<0.001).
History of desert dust deposition recorded in the Elbrus ice core
Authors: Kutuzov Stanislav , Legrand Michel , Preunkert Suzanne , Ginot Patrick , Mikhalenko Vladimir , Shukurov Karim , Poliukhov Alexey , Toropov Pavel
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Ice cores are one of the most valuable paleo-archives. Records from the ice cores can provide information not only about the amount of dust in the atmosphere but also about dust sources and its changes in the past. A 182 m long ice core has been recovered at the western plateau of Mt. Elbrus (5115 m elevation) in 2009. This record was extended with the shallow ice core drilling in 2013. Here we present analysis of the concentrations of Ca2+, a commonly used proxy of dust, recorded in Elbrus ice core over the period 1774–2013. The calcium record reveals a quasi decadal variability with a general increasing trend. Using multiple regression analysis we found a statistically significant spatial correlation of the Elbrus Ca2+ summer concentrations and precipitation and soil moisture content in Levant region (specifically Syria and Iraq). The Ca2+ record also correlates with drought index in North Africa (r = 0.69 p
Net heterotrophy and carbonate dissolution in two subtropical seagrass meadows
Authors: Van Dam Bryce R. , Lopes Christian , Osburn Christopher L. , Fourqurean James W.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of two contrasting seagrass meadows within one of the largest seagrass ecosystems in the world, Florida Bay, was assessed using direct measurements over consecutive diel cycles. We report significant differences between NEP determined by dissolved inorganic carbon (NEPDIC) and by dissolved oxygen (NEPDO), likely driven by differences in air-water gas exchange and contrasting responses to variations in light intensity. In this first direct determination of NEPDIC in seagrasses, we found that both seagrass ecosystems were net heterotrophic, on average, despite large differences in seagrass net aboveground primary productivity. Net ecosystem calcification (NEC) was also negative, indicating that both sites were net dissolving of carbonate minerals. We suggest that a combination of carbonate dissolution and respiration in sediments exceeded seagrass primary production and calcification, supporting our negative NEP and NEC measurements. Furthermore, a simple budget analysis indicates that these two seagrass meadows have contrasting impacts on pH buffering of adjacent systems, due to variations in the TA : DIC export ratio. The results of this study highlight the need for better temporal resolution, as well as accurate carbonate chemistry accounting in future seagrass metabolism studies.
Antarctic temperature and CO2: near-synchrony yet variable phasing during the last deglaciation
Authors: Chowdhry Beeman Jai , Gest Léa , Parrenin Frédéric , Raynaud Dominique , Fudge Tyler J. , Buizert Christo , Brook Edward J.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The last deglaciation, which occurred from 18 000 to 11 000 years ago,
is the most recent large natural climatic variation of global extent. With
accurately dated paleoclimate records, we can investigate the timings of
related variables in the climate system during this major transition. Here,
we use an accurate relative chronology to compare temperature proxy data and
global atmospheric CO2 as recorded in Antarctic ice cores. In addition to
five regional records, we compare a δ18O stack, representing
Antarctic climate variations with the high-resolution robustly dated WAIS
Divide CO2 record (West Antarctic Ice Sheet). We assess the CO2 and Antarctic temperature phase
relationship using a stochastic method to accurately identify the probable
timings of changes in their trends. Four coherent changes are identified for
the two series, and synchrony between CO2 and temperature is within the
95 % uncertainty range for all of the changes except the end of glacial termination 1 (T1). During the onset of the last deglaciation at 18 ka and the deglaciation
end at 11.5 ka, Antarctic temperature most likely led CO2 by several centuries (by 570 years, within a range of 127 to 751 years, 68 %
probability, at the T1 onset; and by 532 years, within a range of 337 to 629
years, 68 % probability, at the deglaciation end). At 14.4 ka, the onset
of the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) period, our results do not show a clear
lead or lag (Antarctic temperature leads by 50 years, within a range of
−137 to 376 years, 68 % probability). The same is true at the end of the ACR
(CO2 leads by 65 years, within a range of 211 to 117 years, 68 %
probability). However, the timings of changes in trends for the individual
proxy records show variations from the stack, indicating regional differences
in the pattern of temperature change, particularly in the WAIS Divide record
at the onset of the deglaciation; the Dome Fuji record at the deglaciation
end; and the EDML record after 16 ka (EPICA Dronning Maud Land, where EPICA is the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica). In addition, two changes – one at 16 ka in the CO2 record and one after the ACR onset in three of the
isotopic temperature records – do not have high-probability counterparts in the other record. The likely-variable phasing we identify testify to the
complex nature of the mechanisms driving the carbon cycle and Antarctic
temperature during the deglaciation.
Inferring the timing of abandonment of aggraded alluvial surfaces dated with cosmogenic nuclides
Authors: D'Arcy Mitch K. , Schildgen Taylor F. , Turowski Jens M. , DiNezio Pedro
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Information about past climate, tectonics, and landscape evolution is often obtained by dating geomorphic surfaces comprising deposited or aggraded material, e.g., fluvial fill terraces, alluvial fans, volcanic flows, or glacial till. Although surface ages can provide valuable information about these landforms, they can only constrain the period of active deposition of surface material, which may span a significant period of time in the case of alluvial landforms. In contrast, surface abandonment often occurs abruptly and coincides with important events like drainage reorganisation, climate change, or landscape uplift. However, abandonment cannot be directly dated because it represents a cessation in the deposition of dateable material. In this study, we present a new approach to inferring when a surface was likely abandoned using exposure ages derived from in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides. We use artificial data to measure the discrepancy between the youngest age randomly sampled from a surface and the true timing of surface abandonment. Our analyses simulate surface dating scenarios with variable durations of surface formation and variable numbers of sample exposure ages. From our artificial data, we derive a set of probabilistic equations and a Matlab tool that can be applied to a set of real sampled surface ages to estimate the probable period of time within which abandonment is likely to have occurred. Our new approach to constraining surface abandonment has applications for geomorphological studies that relate surface ages to tectonic deformation, past climate, or the rates of surface processes.
Snow gliding and glide snow avalanches: recent outcomes
from two experimental test sites in Aosta Valley (NW Italian Alps)
Authors: Maggioni Margherita , Godone Danilo , Frigo Barbara , Freppaz Michele
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Snow gliding and glide snow avalanches are gaining importance among scientists as climate change might induce conditions favourable to those phenomena. Our aim is to analyse such processes with a particular focus on the potential driving factors associated to the soil conditions. We equipped two experimental test sites in Aosta Valley Region (NW-Italy) with glide-snow shoes, temperature and volumetric liquid water content (VLWC) sensors in the soil and in the basal snowpack layer; snow and weather parameters were also collected by automatic weather stations and in manual snow measuring sites. In the two monitoring seasons 2013–14 and 2014–15 we registered 9 glide snow avalanches: 2 cold and 7 warm-temperature events, which were characterized by different snow and soil parameters. In the only warm glide snow avalanche event, which presented a continuous gliding before, the daily glide rate showed a significant exponential relationship with the soil VLWC. We also found, though without a general trend, that gliding and non-gliding periods (either considering warm and cold periods separately or together) were characterized by significantly different predisposing factors. This study contributes to assess the importance of soil VLWC, which seems to be one of the most important driving factors for gliding processes. Therefore, it supports the need, already suggested by other scientists, of analysing such processes with an interdisciplinary approach which integrates snow and soil sciences.
Data assimilation of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) observations into the Mercator Ocean operational system: focus on the El Niño 2015 event
Authors: Tranchant Benoît , Remy Elisabeth , Greiner Eric , Legalloudec Olivier
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Monitoring sea surface salinity (SSS) is important for understanding and
forecasting the ocean circulation. It is even crucial in the context of the
intensification of the water cycle. Until recently, SSS was one of the less
observed essential ocean variables. Only sparse in situ observations, mostly
closer to 5 m depth than the surface, were available to estimate the SSS.
The recent satellite ESA Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), NASA
Aquarius SAC-D and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) missions have made it possible for the first time to measure SSS from space and can bring a
valuable additional constraint to control the model salinity. Nevertheless,
satellite SSS still contains some residual biases that must be removed prior
to bias correction and data assimilation. One of the major challenges of this
study is to estimate the SSS bias and a suitable observation error for the
data assimilation system. It was made possible by modifying a 3D-Var bias
correction scheme and by using the analysis of the residuals and errors with
an adapted statistical technique. This article presents the design and the analysis of an observing system
experiment (OSE) conducted with the 0.25∘ resolution Mercator Ocean
global analysis and forecasting system during the El Niño 2015/16 event.
The SSS data assimilation constrains the model to be closer to the
near-surface salinity observations in a coherent way with the other data sets
already routinely assimilated in an operational context. This also shows that
the overestimation of E–P is corrected by data assimilation through
salting in regions where precipitations are higher. Globally, the SMOS SSS
assimilation has a positive impact in salinity over the top 30 m.
Comparisons to independent salinity data sets show a small but positive
impact and corroborate the fact that the impact of SMOS SSS assimilation is
larger in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) regions. There is little impact on the sea
surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) error statistics.
Nevertheless, the SSH seems to be impacted by the tropical instability wave
(TIW) propagation, itself linked to changes in barrier layer thickness
(BLT). Finally, this study helped us to progress in the understanding of the biases
and errors that can degrade the SMOS SSS data assimilation performance.
Recent Precipitation Decrease Across the Western Greenland Ice Sheet Percolation Zone
Authors: Lewis Gabriel , Osterberg Erich , Hawley Robert , Marshall Hans Peter , Meehan Tate , Graeter Karina , McCarthy Forrest , Overly Thomas , Thundercloud Zayta , Ferris David
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) in a warming climate is of critical interest to scientists and the general public in the context of future sea-level rise. Increased melting in the GrIS percolation zone due to atmospheric warming over the past several decades has led to increased mass loss at lower elevations. Previous studies have hypothesized that this warming is accompanied by a precipitation increase, as would be expected from the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship, negating some of the melt-induced mass loss throughout the Western GrIS. This study tests that hypothesis by calculating snow accumulation rates and trends across the Western GrIS percolation zone, providing new critical accumulation estimates in regions with sparse and/or dated in situ data for calibration of future regional climate models. We present accumulation records from sixteen 22–32 m long firn cores and 4436 km of ground penetrating-radar, covering the past 20–60 years of accumulation, collected across the Western GrIS percolation zone as part of the Greenland Traverse for Accumulation and Climate Studies (GreenTrACS) project. Trends from both radar and firn cores, as well as commonly used regional climate models, show decreasing accumulation and precipitation over the 1996–2016 period, which we attribute to shifting storm-tracks related to stronger atmospheric summer blocking over Greenland. Changes in atmospheric circulation over the past 20 years, specifically anomalously high summertime blocking, have reduced GrIS surface mass balance through both an increase in surface melting and a decrease in accumulation.
Local turbulence parameterization improves the Jensen wake model and its implementation for power optimization of an operating wind farm
Authors: Duc Thomas , Coupiac Olivier , Girard Nicolas , Giebel Gregor , Göçmen Tuhfe
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In this paper, a new calculation procedure to improve the accuracy of the
Jensen wake model for operating wind farms is proposed. In this procedure, the
wake decay constant is updated locally at each wind turbine based on the
turbulence intensity measurement provided by the nacelle anemometer. This
procedure was tested against experimental data at the Sole
du Moulin Vieux (SMV) onshore wind farm in France and the Horns Rev-I offshore wind farm in
Denmark. Results indicate that the wake deficit at each wind turbine is
described more accurately than when using the original model, reducing the
error from 15 % to 20 % to approximately 5 %. Furthermore, this
new model properly calibrated for the SMV wind farm is then used for
coordinated control purposes. Assuming an axial induction control strategy,
and following a model predictive approach, new power settings leading to an
increased overall power production of the farm are derived. Power gains found
are on the order of 2.5 % for a two-wind-turbine case with close spacing
and 1 % to 1.5 % for a row of five wind turbines with a larger
spacing. Finally, the uncertainty of the updated Jensen model is quantified
considering the model inputs. When checked against the predicted power gain,
the uncertainty of the model estimations is seen to be excessive, reaching
approximately 4 %, which indicates the difficulty of field observations
for such a gain. Nevertheless, the optimized settings are to be implemented
during a field test campaign at SMV wind farm in the scope of the national
project SMARTEOLE.
La importancia de la colaboración entre profesorado de música de diferentes entornos. Un estudio de caso en el ámbito formal y no formal
Authors: Arriaga-Sanz Cristina , De Alba-Eguíluz Baikune , Cabedo-Mas Alberto
Published: May 2019

Esta pesquisa analisou um projeto cujo objetivo era promover a colaboração entre professores de música que trabalhavam em três campos educacionais diferentes: universidade, escolas primárias e escolas de música. Para isso, foi feita uma proposta que começava com a criação musical e terminava com a interpretação dum trabalho conjunto. Foi proposta uma maneira de se engajar com a música a partir da prática, incentivando a exploração e o gosto na expressão e no fazer musical. A pesquisa, exploratória e descritiva, baseou-se na metodologia de estudo de caso. Foram analisadas entrevistas e diários de trabalho e os resultados foram categorizados com base na proposta de habilidades profissionais de Perrenoud (2004). Os resultados ressaltaram a importância de gerar iniciativas e espaços colaborativos para melhorar as habilidades de ensino.
A cor do sagrado em Céu sobre água (1978), de José Agrippino de Paula
Authors: Nogueira Cyntia
Published: May 2019

A partir da ideia de que a cor tem um caráter corporal e táctil, afirmando-se como força, e não como código; presença, e não signo (TAUSSIG, 2009), propomos analisar o curta-metragem Céu sobre água (1978), de José Agrippino de Paula, considerando-o como um ensaio sobre a luz e a cor, com foco na dimensão do sagrado. Através da valorização das formas que surgem das cores e de sua vocação movente, também encontrada na dança e no cinema, o filme integra arte e vida, tendo como eixo o corpo grávido e os movimentos da dançarina e coreógrafa Maria Esther Stockler.
Quantifier Scope in Russian
Authors: Antonyuk Svitlana
Published: May 2019

This paper documents certain quantifier scope ambiguities in Russian and argues that these are derived by means of a covert syntactic movement operation, Quantifier Raising (QR). By doing so, it argues against the popular “frozen scope” view of Russian (Ionin 2003) by showing that optional, non-local QR past vP level must be available in the language in exactly the contexts where it is available in English. Syntactic evidence for the parallelism comes from Inverse Linking, Antecedent Contained Deletion and other contexts that have been argued to point to the existence of QR in English. Additionally, evidence for the availability of subject Reconstruction for scope in Russian (contra Ionin 2003) strongly suggests that the mechanism deriving ambiguity in basic SVO sentences in Russian must involve subject Reconstruction plus object QR to vP, exactly as has been argued to be necessary for English in Johnson (2000; 2001). The conclusion that Russian possesses QR with the same properties known from English suggests that the availability of QR in certain languages or certain constructions should not be tied to the unavailability of Scrambling since Russian also exhibits Scrambling. This conclusion thus carries important implications for other languages still currently taken to be similarly scope frozen due to the availability of Scrambling.
Ambitieuze en ambivalente vernieuwing van de lokale democratie in Nederland
Authors: Schaap Linze , Hendriks Frank , Karsten Niels , van Ostaaijen Julien , Wagenaar Charlotte
Published: May 2019

Ambitious and ambivalent renewal of local democracy in the Netherlands

In this article in the series on the local democratic audit, the authors argue that municipal democracy in the Netherlands has become a multiple democracy. Within the formal framework of representative democracy, numerous democratic arrangements have emerged that may be referred to as participatory, direct and also what the authors call ‘do-democracy’. Additions to representative democracy did not come without reason: representative democracy is not a perfect system, either in theory or in practice. Efforts have been made to improve the functioning of representative democracy in a number of ways. Three of these are discussed in this article. The authors note that these three reforms do not solve the problems in representative democracy. So the Dutch municipalities have started looking for additions to representative democracy. In this article various forms of participatory, do-it-yourself and direct democracy are discussed. Many effects of these reforms are still unknown and knowledge about them has crumbled, but one conclusion can be drawn: people with a low education are not inclined to take part, even with arrangements that are easily accessible. Striving for a more vital local democracy seems meaningful; the authors formulate a number of ways of thinking about this.
Moral entrepreneurs in de 21ste eeuw
Authors: Petintseva Olga , Decorte Tom
Published: May 2019

Moral entrepreneurs in de 21ste eeuw

In the introductory article of this special issue on ‘moral entrepreneurs’ in the 21st century, we situate different notions of moral entrepreneurship. Particularly foregrounding Howard Becker’s definition, we discuss its origins and use in subsequent research. The question that we’ve put forward in the ‘call for papers’ for this special issue is to what extent the notion is relevant in contemporary research and who is considered as ‘moral entrepreneur’. The research papers discuss ‘entrepreneurial’ practices of university ethic commissions, medical professionals, police officers and the leaders of cannabis social clubs. We conclude that the underlying rationales and discourses of moral entrepreneurs that the authors identify, reflect contemporary neoliberal ideals.
Inverse spectral nonlocal problem for the first order ordinary differential equation
Authors: Nizhnik Leonid
Published: May 2019

We solve direct and inverse spectral problems for the first order ordinary differentialequation with nonlocal potential and nonlocal boundary condition
Prediction of ADME-Tox properties and toxicological endpoints of triazole fungicides used for cereals protection
Authors: Gridan Ionut Mădălin , Ciorsac Alecu Aurel , Isvoran Adriana
Published: May 2019

Within this study we have considered 9 triazole fungicides that are approved to be used in European Union for protecting cereals: cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, flutriafol, metconazole, paclobutrazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimenol and triticonazole. We have summarized the few available data that support their effects on humans and used various computational tools to obtain a widely view concerning their possible harmful effects on humans. The results of our predictive study reflect that all triazole fungicides considered in this study reveal good oral bioavailability, are envisaged as being able to penetrate the blood brain barrier and to interact with P-glycoprotein and with hepatic cytochromes. The predictions concerning the toxicological endpoints for the investigated triazole fungicides reveal that they. reflect potential of skin sensitization, of blockage of the hERG K+ channels and of endocrine disruption,   that they have not mutagenic potential and their carcinogenic potential is not clear.  Epoxiconazole and triadimenol are predicted to have the highest potentials of producing numerous harmful effects on humans and their use should be avoided or limited.
Accidental Origins
Authors: Gammage Jennifer ,   The Heidegger Circle
Published: May 2019

I examine a passage from Heidegger’s 1922 overview of a proposed book on Aristotle wherein he addresses the importance of Aristotle’s treatment of accidental (sumbebēkos) causes in the Physics II.4–6. My analysis shows that this passage plays a key role within the account of Aristotle’s ontology presented in the overview insofar as it allows Heidegger to open up a new way of reading Aristotle, one that both diagnoses and pushes through the inheritance of being understood as technē in order to retrieve originary insights about the movement of factical human life, world, and care. Rather than subordinate tuchē and automaton (chance) to the four “real” causes they would remain merely incidental to or derivative of, Heidegger asks that we recognize the priority of praxis, whose archē unfolds as care toward and within a world of accidents.
Leontius of Byzantium
Authors: Terezis Christos Ath. ,   A. Dourou Publications
Published: May 2019

In this article, which considering the history of philosophy is an example of how Christianity meets Hellenism, we drew the following conclusions, relying on Leontius of Byzantium’s treatise entitled Contra Nestorianos et Eutychianos:A) Throughout the entire approach, the Christian thinker uses both the philosophical concepts –such as “hypostasis”, “nature”, “universal”, “atom”, “form”, “subject”– and the arguments derived from the theoretical field of Logic in order to explain Christian questions, mostly related with Metaphysics. He is actually quite an eclecticist and that is why we may not allege that he follows a particular philosopher or that he expresses and applies an authentic philosophical theory with internal terms of justification.B) He attempts to implicitly show how necessary is both the syllogisms and the arguments to rely on particular methodological principles. There is a tendency in his work to define in clear terms his issues, mainly as regards how Logic is distinguished from Ontology, as well as how they combine one another. His theological direction, however, does not allow him to be completely consistent with the philosophical material that he uses. Either way, the goal of his research is not strictly philosophical.C) Although he applies analytical elaboration and explanation of the philosophical concepts that he uses with great accuracy, he does not actually insist on them. This is probably because either he has already elaborated them in other works of his or because his readers were familiar with them. Nevertheless, he constitutes a clear example to understand what could be defined as Byzantine Logic, which is influenced by Aristotle, Porphyry and Proclus, although they are not mentioned in his texts.