bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological Characteristics of Intra‐Atrial Reentrant Tachycardia in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Implications for Catheter Ablation
Authors: Kahle Ann‐Kathrin , Gallotti Roberto G. , Alken Fares‐Alexander , Meyer Christian , Moore Jeremy P.
Published: June 2021

Background

Ultra‐high‐density mapping enables detailed mechanistic analysis of atrial reentrant tachycardia but has yet to be used to assess circuit conduction velocity (CV) patterns in adults with congenital heart disease.

Methods and Results

Circuit pathways and central isthmus CVs were calculated from consecutive ultra‐high‐density isochronal maps at 2 tertiary centers over a 3‐year period. Circuits using anatomic versus surgical obstacles were considered separately and pathway length <50th percentile identified small circuits. CV analysis was used to derive a novel index for prediction of postablation conduction block. A total of 136 supraventricular tachycardias were studied (60% intra‐atrial reentrant, 14% multiple loop). Circuits with anatomic versus surgical obstacles featured longer pathway length (119 mm; interquartile range [IQR], 80–150 versus 78 mm; IQR, 63–95;
P
<0.001), faster central isthmus CV (0.1 m/s; IQR, 0.06–0.25 versus 0.07 m/s; IQR, 0.05–0.10;
P
=0.016), faster non‐isthmus CV (0.52 m/s; IQR, 0.33–0.71 versus 0.38 m/s; IQR, 0.27–0.46;
P
=0.009), and fewer slow isochrones (4; IQR, 2.3–6.8 versus 6; IQR 5–7;
P
=0.008). Both central isthmus (
R
2
=0.45;
P
<0.001) and non‐isthmus CV (
R
2
=0.71;
P
<0.001) correlated with pathway length, whereas central isthmus CV <0.15 m/s was ubiquitous for small circuits. Non‐isthmus CV in tachycardia correlated with CV during block validation (
R
2
=0.94;
P
<0.001) and a validation map to tachycardia conduction time ratio >85% predicted isthmus block in all cases. Over >1 year of follow‐up, arrhythmia‐free survival was better for homogeneous CV patterns (90% versus 57%;
P
=0.04).

Conclusions

Ultra‐high‐density mapping‐guided CV analysis distinguishes atrial reentrant patterns in adults with congenital heart disease with surgical obstacles producing slower and smaller circuits. Very slow central isthmus CV may be essential for atrial tachycardia maintenance in small circuits, and non‐isthmus conduction time in tachycardia appears to be useful for rapid assessment of postablation conduction block.
Revisiting Moore’s Anti-Skeptical Argument in “Proof of an External World”
Authors: Stratman Christopher
Published: June 2021

This paper argues that we should reject G. E. Moore’s anti-skeptical argument as it is presented in “Proof of an External World.” However, the reason I offer is different from traditional objections. A proper understanding of Moore’s “proof” requires paying attention to an important distinction between two forms of skepticism. I call these Ontological Skepticism and Epistemic Skepticism. The former is skepticism about the ontological status of fundamental reality, while the latter is skepticism about our empirical knowledge. Philosophers often assume that Moore’s response to “external world skepticism” deals exclusively with the former, not the latter. But this is a mistake. I shall argue that Moore’s anti-skeptical argument targets an ontological form of skepticism. Thus, the conclusion is an ontological claim about fundamental reality, while the premises are epistemic claims. If this is correct, then the conclusion outstrips the scope of its premises and proves too much.
A new species of Parapteronemobius from Zhejiang, China (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Nemobiinae)
Authors: DING NUO , LIU YI-JIAO , LIAO XIN-YI , SHEN CHU-ZE , HE ZHU-QING
Published: June 2021

Parapteronemobius contains 7 species or subspecies distributed in East Asia with only one species recorded from China. In this study, we reported the second species, P. chenggong He sp. nov., from Zhejiang. The new species differs from P. dibrachiatus in body size, male genitalia and COI gene. The phylogeny of this genus in subfamily Nemobiinae are discussed based on COI, 18S and 28S genes. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).
Discovery of a new cavernicolous trechine genus and species from a deep pit in Anlong, southwestern Guizhou Province (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)
Authors: TIAN MINGYI , HUANG SUNBIN
Published: June 2021

Ckacus youcha n. gen. & n. sp. is described and illustrated based on a single male discovered in the deep area of Luoshui Dong, a vertical cave in Anlong Xian, southwestern most of Guizhou Province, Southwest China. This new genus seems related to Bathytrechus Uéno, 2005 from Leye Xian, northwestern most Guangxi by its elongate body which is wholly pubescent, the tridentate right mandible and the well-striated elytra with the 1st interval extremely narrowed at apical 1/3, but differs in several important characters. In addition, three individuals of the species Satotrechus rieae Uéno, 2006 were also collected from -340 m to -450 m in the same cave. This species was formerly only known from four caves in Anlong and Ceheng counties.
A New k-Distribution Scheme for Clear-Sky Radiative Transfer Calculations in Earth’s Atmosphere. Part II: Solar (Shortwave) Heating due to H2O and CO2
Authors: Chou Ming-Dah , Lee Kyu-Tae , Zo Il-Sung , Lee Wei-Liang , Shiu Chein-Jung , Jee Joon-Bum
Published: June 2021

A new k-distribution scheme without the assumption of the correlation between the absorption coefficients at different pressures is developed for solar heating due to water vapor and CO2. Grouping of spectral points is based on the observation that radiation at spectral points with a large absorption coefficient is quickly absorbed to heat the stratosphere, and the heating below is attributable to the absorption of the solar radiation at the remaining spectral points. By grouping the spectral points with a large absorption coefficient at low pressures, the range of the absorption coefficient of the remaining spectral points is narrowed, and the k-distribution approximation can be accurately applied to compute solar heating in both the stratosphere and troposphere. Grouping of the spectral points is based on the absorption coefficient at a couple of reference pressures where heating is significant. With a total number of 52 spectral groups in the water vapor and CO2 bands, fluxes and heating rates were calculated for various solar zenith angles in some typical and sampled atmospheres in diverse climatic regimes and seasons. The maximum heating rate difference between the k-distribution and line-by-line calculations is < 0.09 K day-1 for water vapor, and < 0.2 K day-1 for CO2. The difference in the surface radiation is ~ 1.4 W m-2 for water vapor and 0.6 W m-2 for CO2, while it could increase to 2.6 W m-2 due to overlapping absorption. These results can be improved by increasing the number of spectral groups at the expense of computational economy.
Projected sea-level changes in the marginal seas near China based on dynamical downscaling
Authors: Jin Yi , Zhang Xuebin , Church John A. , Bao Xianwen
Published: June 2021

Projections of future sea-level changes are usually based on global climate models (GCMs). However, the changes in shallow coastal regions, like the marginal seas near China, cannot be fully resolved in GCMs. To improve regional sea-level simulations, a high-resolution (~8 km) regional ocean model is set up for the marginal seas near China for both the historical (1994-2015) and future (2079-2100) periods under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. The historical ocean simulations are evaluated at different spatiotemporal scales, and the model is then integrated for the future period, driven by projected monthly climatological climate change signals from 8 GCMs individually via both surface and open boundary conditions. The downscaled ocean changes derived by comparing historical and future experiments reveal greater spatial details than those from GCMs, e.g., a low dynamic sea level (DSL) centre of -0.15 m in the middle of the South China Sea (SCS). As a novel test, the downscaled results driven by the ensemble mean forcings are almost identical with the ensemble average results from individually downscaled cases. Forcing of the DSL change and increased cyclonic circulation in the SCS are dominated by the climate change signals from the Pacific, while the DSL change in the East China marginal seas is caused by both local atmosphere forcing and signals from the Pacific. The method of downscaling developed in this study is a useful modelling protocol for adaptation and mitigation planning for future oceanic climate changes.
Variable Nordic Seas inflow linked to shifts in North Atlantic circulation
Authors: Asbjørnsen Helene , Johnson Helen L. , Årthun Marius
Published: June 2021

The inflow across the Iceland-Scotland Ridge determines the amount of heat supplied to the Nordic Seas from the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA). Consequently, variable inflow properties and volume transport at the ridge influence marine ecosystems and sea ice extent further north. Here, we identify the upstream pathways of the Nordic Seas inflow, and assess the mechanisms responsible for interannual inflow variability. Using an eddy-permitting ocean model hindcast and a Lagrangian analysis tool, numerical particles are released at the ridge during 1986-2015 and tracked backward in time. We find an inflow that is well-mixed in terms of its properties, where 64% comes from the subtropics and 26% has a subpolar or Arctic origin. The local instantaneous response to the NAO is important for the overall transport of both subtropical and Arctic-origin waters at the ridge. In the years before reaching the ridge, the subtropical particles are influenced by atmospheric circulation anomalies in the gyre boundary region and over the SPNA, forcing shifts in the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and the subpolar front. An equatorward shifted NAC and westward shifted subpolar front correspond to a warmer, more saline inflow. Atmospheric circulation anomalies over the SPNA also affect the amount of Arctic-origin water re-routed from the Labrador Current toward the Nordic Seas. A high transport of Arctic-origin water is associated with a colder, fresher inflow across the Iceland-Scotland Ridge. The results thus demonstrate the importance of gyre dynamics and wind forcing in affecting the Nordic Seas inflow properties and volume transport.
Episodic versus Chronic Dizziness: An Analysis of Predictive Factors
Authors: Formeister Eric J. , Chae Ricky , Wong Emily , Chiao Whitney , Pasquesi Lauren , Sharon Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

To elucidate differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between patients with episodic and chronic dizziness.

Methods:

A cross-sectional, observational study of 217 adults referred for dizziness at 1 tertiary center was undertaken. Subjects were split into a chronic dizziness group (>15 dizzy days per month) and an episodic dizziness group (<15 dizzy days per month).

Results:

217 adults (average age, 53.7 years; 56.7% female) participated. One-third (n = 74) met criteria for chronic dizziness. Dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) scores were significantly higher in those with chronic dizziness compared to those with episodic dizziness (53.9 vs 40.7; P < .001). Comorbid depression and anxiety were more prevalent in those with chronic dizziness (44.6% and 47.3% vs 37.8% and 35.7%, respectively; P > .05). Abnormal vestibular testing and abnormal imaging studies did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Ménière’s disease and BPPV were significantly more common among those with episodic dizziness, while the prevalence of vestibular migraine did not differ according to chronicity of symptoms. A multivariate regression that included age, sex, DHI, history of anxiety and/or depression, associated symptoms, and dizziness triggers was able to account for 15% of the variance in the chronicity of dizziness (pseudo- R2 = 0.15; P < .001).

Conclusions:

Those who suffer from chronic dizziness have significantly higher DHI and high comorbid rates of depression and anxiety than those with episodic dizziness. Our findings show that factors other than diagnosis alone are important in the chronification of dizziness, an observation that could help improve on multimodal treatment options for this group of patients.
Sirach in the Lutheran and Anglican Traditions
Authors: Beckman Peter
Published: June 2021

The early German-speaking Lutheran and Anglican traditions used Sirach, a book in the Apocrypha, in their worship and catechetical life. Despite criticisms, they intentionally printed Sirach in their official Bibles and believed that it modelled and witnessed to Scripture. Theologians and clergy in both traditions frequently cited, quoted, and taught from Sirach. Both traditions read Sirach in their worship services. Lutheran popular piety employed Sirach in its schooling system, popular level handbooks, sermons, and engravings.
Analysing the employment impact of Sunday wage premiums reductions: Implications for minimum wage research
Authors: Markey Raymond , O’Brien Martin
Published: June 2021

This article tests the employment impact of recent reductions in Australian wage premiums, or penalty rates, using surveys of 1828 employees and 236 employers in Retail and Hospitality sectors. In applying wage premium reductions for Sunday work, the national regulator, the Fair Work Commission, anticipated improvements in trading hours, employment and hours worked as a consequence. However, the authors found no statistically significant evidence for these predictions. Nor did difference-in-differences methods indicate substitution of workers subject to cuts for those who were exempt. The authors present the first systematic purpose-designed empirical evidence on the employment impact of wage premiums. In the absence of empirical evidence, the regulator had referred substantially to minimum wage research. This study also has implications for minimum wage research, and contributes to it with a novel methodology examining both aggregate hours and employment, comparing those subject to cuts with those not, and surveying both employees and employers.
COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: A review of the potential mechanisms and proposed management
Authors: Alam Walid
Published: June 2021

With over 600 million coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine doses administered globally, adverse events are constantly monitored. Recently however, reports of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia following vaccination with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine have emerged. This paper aims to review the available literature and guidelines pertaining to vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) and the proposed guidelines, while offering a potential approach that unifies the available evidence. While the risk of VITT remains extremely low and the benefits outweigh the risks, experimental studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiology behind VITT and possibly decrease the risk of thrombosis and other adverse events occurring. However, treatment should not be delayed in suspected cases, and IV immunoglobulin and non-heparin anticoagulation should be initiated.
Simulation and evaluation of multicriteria planning heuristics for demand response in datacenters
Authors: Muraña Jonathan , Nesmachnow Sergio
Published: June 2021

This article presents the evaluation of multicriteria planning heuristics for demand response in datacenters and supercomputing facilities. This is a relevant problem for science nowadays, when the growing application of cutting-edge technologies (numerical methods, big data processing, artificial intelligence, smart systems, etc.) has raised the energy demands in datacenters. The proposed approach involves a negotiation mechanism for colocation datacenters, where the datacenter operator agrees prices and quality of service with a group of tenants. Twelve different multicriteria heuristics are proposed for planning using both local and global information at tenants and datacenter operator levels. The proposed approach is evaluated applying simulations over realistic scenarios considering different tenant sizes and heterogeneity levels that model different business models for datacenters. Several metrics are computed and Pareto analysis is provided. The main results indicate that accurate trade-off values between the problem objectives are obtained, offering different options for decision making. The proposed approach provides a useful and applicable method for demand response planning in modern datacenters.
The Law of the Cross and Climate Change
Authors: Ormerod Neil
Published: June 2021

Globally we are entering into uncharted waters as the current cycle of decline lurches towards ecological disaster. Lonergan posits the law of the cross as the divinely enacted redemptive path for overcoming decline and restoring humanity on the path of genuine progress. Faced with the prospect of unprecedented global suffering, what is the moment of redemptive suffering that Christians and others are called to enact in response to the present decline? Drawing on Lonergan’s notion of a scale of values, the article considers responses at the personal, cultural, and social levels of value and the timeframes in which they operate. It will argue that in our current situation, only social change, in terms of economic and political action, can operate in a timeframe adequate to the urgency of the problem.
Female Deacons and the Unity of the Sacrament of Order: Responding to the German Skeptics
Authors: Rinderknecht Jakob Karl
Published: June 2021

Over the last several decades, a group of German-speaking theologians has proposed an argument against the possibility of the ordination of women as deacons. They argue both that the unity of the sacrament of order requires that anyone ordained to the diaconate must be able to be ordained to the presbyterate and the episcopate and that the gendered constitution of humanity prevents women from imaging Christ as head of the church. This paper argues that this understanding of the sacrament and who properly receives it leads to a misinterpretation of the ecclesiology of the Second Vatican Council and a reinstatement of a medieval aporia that Lumen Gentium sought to overcome. Therefore, this argument should not be allowed to affect the Church’s deliberations on the question of whether women can be ordained as deacons.
Urban paradox and the rise of the neoliberal city: Case study of Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Olajide Oluwafemi , Lawanson Taibat
Published: June 2021

In a bid to actualise the vision of transforming Lagos into Africa’s model megacity and global economic and financial hub, the state government has embarked on and/or supported various urban development projects. Drawing on the theoretical underpinnings of neoliberalism, we argue that governance practices in Lagos are transforming the city in a manner that is paradoxical to the intents of the city’s development plan. This paper, therefore, explores how government practices have shaped the city, and the socio-spatial consequences of the recent Lagos state government-supported developments. Of interest are projects from the Lagos State Development plan (2012–2025) which have resulted in significant spatial displacements – hence the selected case studies of Lekki Free Trade Zone and Badia-East Housing Estate. The study reveals that the Lagos state development policy results in creative destruction largely due to the uncritical embrace of market logic over social logic, thereby entrenching urban discontent and socio-spatial fragmentation across the city.
Is There a Public–Military Gap in the United States? Evaluating Foundational Foreign Policy Beliefs
Authors: Zwald Zachary , Berejikian Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2021

The presumed “gap” in fundamental foreign policy beliefs between what Huntington (1957) described as “liberal society” and the “conservative military mind” lies at the core of research on civil–military relations. However, we still know surprisingly little about the precise nature of differences between the two groups’ core foreign policy orientations. This study presents the first empirically grounded evaluation of the public–military gap. We deployed a unique survey to directly compare the views of 470 active-duty US military officers against a representative sample of the American public. Our study included beliefs concerning the appropriate role of military force and of US engagement in global affairs, the likely direction of US national security in the coming decade, and the causes and costs of future military conflicts. While we confirm aspects of Huntington’s dichotomy, we also observe critical differences between the two groups that diverge from the traditional conceptualization of a “civil–military gap.”
“I Cannot Wait to Build that One Day”: Lesbian and Bisexual College-Age Women’s Views on Marriage and Family
Authors: Zacarias Rosalyn , Zeglin Robert J. , Barringer M. N.
Published: June 2021

After the US Supreme Court ruled in favor of marriage equality in 2015, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community has gained visibility. One cohort that is affected by this decision is lesbian and bisexual college-age women. The present study, through six face-to-face semi-structured interviews with self-identifying lesbian and bisexual college-age women, sought to understand how these women view marriage and family. Three themes emerged are: (a) Heteronormative socialization, (b) Personal endorsement of marriage, and (c) LGBT Parenting. The results of this study suggest that college-age women still carry the effects of growing up and entering adulthood in a largely heteronormative society, endorse marriage as an institution, and find profound personal meaning in the prospect of forming a family. Even in the face of protracted legal battles that are eventually won, the humanity of individual and personal motivation remains the most salient factor in forming bonds and building families.
A Simple Method for Simulating Dementia Onset and Death within an Existing Demographic Model
Authors: Rutter Carolyn M. , Edochie Ifeanyi , Friedman Esther M. , Slaughter Mary E. , Weden Margaret M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Dementia is a common disease that has an impact on both the affected individual and family members who provide caregiving. Simulation models can assist in setting policy that anticipates public health needs by predicting the demand for and availability of care.

Objective

We developed a relatively simple method for simulating the onset of dementia that can be used in combination with an existing microsimulation model.

Methods

We started with Socsim, a demographic microsimulation model that simulates a population with family kinship networks. We simulated dementia in the Socsim population by simulating the number of individuals diagnosed with dementia in their lifetime and the ages of onset and death from dementia for each of these dementia cases. We then matched dementia cases to the simulated population based on age at death, so for each individual, we simulate whether they develop dementia and, if so, their age at onset. This approach simulates dementia onset but does not alter the demographic model’s simulated age of death.

Results

We selected model dementia parameters so that the combined Socsim-Dementia model reproduces published dementia prevalence rates and survival times after diagnosis.

Conclusions

Adding simulation of dementia to a kinship network model enables prediction of the availability of family caregivers for people with dementia under a range of different assumptions about future fertility, mortality, and dementia risk. We demonstrated how to add simulation of dementia onset and death to an existing microsimulation model to obtain a method for predicting dementia prevalence in the context of another more detailed model. The approach we developed can be generalized to simulate other progressive health conditions that affect mortality.
Maximizing the Efficiency of Active Case Finding for SARS-CoV-2 Using Bandit Algorithms
Authors: Gonsalves Gregg S. , Copple J. Tyler , Paltiel A. David , Fenichel Eli P. , Bayham Jude , Abraham Mark , Kline David , Malloy Sam , Rayo Michael F. , Zhang Net , Faulkner Daria , Morey Dane A. , Wu Frank , Thornhill Thomas , Iloglu Suzan , Warren Joshua L.
Published: June 2021

Even as vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) expands in the United States, cases will linger among unvaccinated individuals for at least the next year, allowing the spread of the coronavirus to continue in communities across the country. Detecting these infections, particularly asymptomatic ones, is critical to stemming further transmission of the virus in the months ahead. This will require active surveillance efforts in which these undetected cases are proactively sought out rather than waiting for individuals to present to testing sites for diagnosis. However, finding these pockets of asymptomatic cases (i.e., hotspots) is akin to searching for needles in a haystack as choosing where and when to test within communities is hampered by a lack of epidemiological information to guide decision makers’ allocation of these resources. Making sequential decisions with partial information is a classic problem in decision science, the explore v. exploit dilemma. Using methods—bandit algorithms—similar to those used to search for other kinds of lost or hidden objects, from downed aircraft or underground oil deposits, we can address the explore v. exploit tradeoff facing active surveillance efforts and optimize the deployment of mobile testing resources to maximize the yield of new SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses. These bandit algorithms can be implemented easily as a guide to active case finding for SARS-CoV-2. A simple Thompson sampling algorithm and an extension of it to integrate spatial correlation in the data are now embedded in a fully functional prototype of a web app to allow policymakers to use either of these algorithms to target SARS-CoV-2 testing. In this instance, potential testing locations were identified by using mobility data from UberMedia to target high-frequency venues in Columbus, Ohio, as part of a planned feasibility study of the algorithms in the field. However, it is easily adaptable to other jurisdictions, requiring only a set of candidate test locations with point-to-point distances between all locations, whether or not mobility data are integrated into decision making in choosing places to test.
Transcatheter arterial embolization of iatrogenic massive arterioportal fistula in the liver
Authors: Okumura Kenichiro , Kobayashi Satoshi , Ogi Takahiro , Sugiura Takumi , Zhang Yu , Kanatani Mao , Yoneda Norihide , Kitao Azusa , Kozaka Kazuto , Gabata Toshifumi , Koda Wataru
Published: June 2021

Background

Massive arterioportal fistula (APF) is naturally irreversible and can induce portal hypertension and portal vein thrombosis (PVT), worsening survival outcomes.

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical course and details of transarterial embolization (TAE) procedures for massive APF.

Material and Methods

This retrospective single-center observational study evaluated the time until embolization after puncture, imaging, embolization methods, and laboratory data of 10 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with massive APF after puncture and underwent TAE at our hospital from 1 April 2012 to 30 September 2019.

Results

Out of 10 cases, eight demonstrated a simple type and the other two cases a complex network type on the digital subtraction angiography pattern of massive APF. In two simple-type cases for which re-embolization was required, other subsegmental branches were embolized. The two cases showing a complex network type had been embolized via not only the subsegmental branch, but also the extrahepatic and multiple subsegmental branches. Child–Pugh scores were improved in eight of the ten cases. PVT was seen in six cases before embolization, but disappeared after embolization in all cases, despite the fact that three cases had not received anticoagulant therapy. Six cases had digestive varices before embolization, suggesting portal hypertension, and two of the six cases with esophageal varices and one with gastric varices decreased after embolization.

Conclusion

TAE for massive APF contributed to the improvement of hepatic reserve, the disappearance of PVT, and the improvement of portal hypertension; however, embolization of multiple branches may still be required in some cases.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Prolactin Gene Is Associated With Clinical Aggressiveness and Outcome of Canine Mammary Malignant Tumors
Authors: Canadas-Sousa Ana , Santos Marta , Medeiros Rui , Dias-Pereira Patrícia
Published: June 2021

Prolactin (PRL) is a key hormone involved in canine mammary development and tumorigenesis. In this study, the influence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the PRL gene (rs23932236) on the clinicopathological parameters and survival of dogs with canine mammary tumors (CMTs) was investigated. A total of 206 female dogs with spontaneous mammary tumors were enrolled in this study and circulating blood cells were genotyped. This specific SNP was associated with larger size (>3 cm diameter) for malignant tumors ( P = .036), tumors with infiltrative/invasive growth pattern ( P = .010), vascular invasion ( P = .006), and lymph node metastasis ( P = .004). Carriers of the variant allele had a shorter overall survival compared to the wild-type population with an overall survival of 18.7 months and 22.7 months, respectively ( P = .004). These findings suggest that SNP rs23932236 of canine PRL gene may be used as an indicator for the development of clinically aggressive forms of CMTs.
Principes, modalités, apports et limites de la Design Science Research en marketing – application illustrative au pilotage des parcours clients
Authors: Jacob Florence , Pez Virginie , Volle Pierre
Published: June 2021

Cet article a pour objectif de présenter les principes, les modalités d’application, les apports et les limites de la Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), une méthode de recherche fondée sur la Design Science Research, ou DSR. Après avoir présenté les principes de la DSRM, nous montrons comment utiliser cette méthode en l’appliquant à la problématique du pilotage des parcours clients. Nous formulons ensuite des recommandations pratiques pour appliquer la méthode, puis nous discutons des apports et limites de la DSRM. En présentant une méthode qui répond à la fois aux exigences de rigueur et de pertinence, cet article contribue au renouvellement des méthodes de recherche utilisées dans notre discipline.
Taxes and Economic Development: An Update on the State of the Economics Literature
Authors: Hanson Andrew
Published: June 2021

There is a large literature examining the effect of taxes and tax concessions on local economic development. The last comprehensive review of taxes and economic development, however, was Wasylenko’s review in 1997, which mostly examined the location response of firms. Subsequent to the last major review of the literature, empirical work in this area sought to address endogeneity concerns that plagued previous studies, resulting in a series of compelling new studies. This article reviews the empirical literature on tax-based economic development incentives produced since Wasylenko’s 1997 review and covers property tax (including tax increment financing and business improvement districts); spatially targeted and zone-based tax concessions; firm-specific incentives; and corporate income taxes. The review focuses on academic studies that employ modern program evaluation or quasi-experimental techniques and U.S.-based policies.
Creating an entrepreneurial learning environment for entrepreneurship education in HE: The educator’s perspective
Authors: Ilonen Sanna
Published: June 2021

This paper focuses on entrepreneurship educators as creators of an entrepreneurial learning environment in entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship education research has concentrated mainly on the subjects of education (i.e. the students) or on the content of learning, leaving individuals with a critical role in entrepreneurship education – the educators – without sufficient attention. In response, the research question for this study is: how do entrepreneurship educators create entrepreneurial learning environments in entrepreneurship education within higher education? The qualitative study draws on the principles of Vosniadou et al. concerning active learning environments by concentrating on interviews with entrepreneurship educators and documentary data. An entrepreneurial learning environment can be defined as a self-regulatory, co-created learning setting in which entrepreneurship students from different backgrounds learn in teams, as the findings suggest that educators emphasise adjustable co-creation within a ‘given’ format involving individuals with complementary skills working in teams. The study contributes to fulfilment of the identified need to understand the educator’s perspective, and to share the know-how and educational experiences of entrepreneurship educators. Practitioners can use the findings as a concrete tool for the creation of an entrepreneurial learning environment. They can learn from, adopt and develop the practices discussed when designing learning environments for their entrepreneurship students.
Internal flow mechanism in a supersonic expander-rotor
Authors: Huang Zhenyu , Zhong Jingjun
Published: June 2021

This article proposes a numerical investigation into the internal flow structure in the supersonic expander-rotor (SER). In order to reveal internal flow mechanism, the significant influencing factors in the flow structure are identified, and the solutions to improving the integrated performance of the SER are developed. According to the numerical results, the wave structure of the expansion wave and the oblique shock wave is what characterizes the flow in the mainstream region of the SER. In addition, the expansion wave and the oblique shock wave impose control on the pattern of static pressure distribution in the 3-D channel and then the 3-D flow structure. The formation and breakdown of the tip leakage vortex are the main form that the motion of vortex takes in the SER. The concentration, recirculation, and separation of the boundary layer; the low energy fluid mixing with mainstream; and the interaction between the oblique shock waves and the boundary layer are the crucial motion tracing near the endwall. Compared with the traditional turbines, the flow structures in the tip region of the SER are relatively simpler; the essential motion tracing is the airflow near the leading edge of the strake wall moving from the PS through the tip gap to the SS as a result of the transverse pressure difference.
We are women! We are ready! Amplifying women’s voices through feminist participatory action research
Authors: Mcdiarmid Tracy , Pineda Alejandra , Scothern Amanda
Published: June 2021

Gender equality requires incremental and transformative change which occurs over generations. Strengthening women’s movements through collective action and learning is a key strategy in achieving such change. Capturing those changes in the voices of diverse women is critical to ethical, feminist, participatory evaluation. The purpose of this article is to explore the strengths, benefits and challenges in using Feminist Participatory Action Research (FPAR) to evaluate a women’s leadership programme. This article demonstrates the rationale and context for FPAR providing a brief overview of feminist approaches to evaluation and an outline of the key elements of FPAR that have influenced recent evaluative activities by the International Women’s Development Agency (IWDA). The case study of the Women’s Action for Voice and Empowerment (WAVE) programme is then presented to demonstrate the application of FPAR. Findings indicate the potential of this framework to influence evaluation design to strengthen the capacity of diverse women as co-evaluators; build on and generate knowledge as a resource of and for the women who create, own and share it; and, design evaluative spaces that promote authentic and inclusive forms of evidence. This article discusses insights from the findings, reflections and the lessons learned on using a FPAR framework.
Feasibility of Social Media Recruitment for Orofacial Cleft Genetic Research
Authors: Carlock Grace , Manning Kelly , Leslie Elizabeth J.
Published: June 2021

Objective:

This study assessed the feasibility of unpaid social media advertising to recruit participants affected with an orofacial cleft (OFC) for a genetic study.

Design:

This is a retrospective analysis of recruitment based on enrollment and participation in a genetic study. Participants completed a series of enrollment surveys, provided saliva samples, and completed postparticipation feedback surveys.

Participants:

Participants were eligible if they or a minor in their care were affected by an OFC, the affected participant was not adopted, and the mother of the affected individual had not taken antiseizure medication during pregnancy.

Main Outcome Measures:

Success of recruitment was evaluated from the number of enrolled participants and sample return rate.

Results:

In the first 12 months of recruitment, 313 individuals completed initial screening surveys; of these, 306 participants were eligible. A total of 263 individuals completed all online surveys and were sent DNA sample kits. One hundred sixty-two subject DNA samples were returned within 12 months of sending, for a return rate of 62%. Approximately two-thirds (66.3%) of all returned samples were sent back within the first 6 weeks after receiving DNA kits.

Conclusions:

Unpaid social media advertising enabled the recruitment of a large cohort of participants in a short time (12 months). The resulting study population was limited in racial and ethnic diversity, suggesting that other recruitment strategies will be needed for studies seeking specific demographic or socioeconomic groups. Nonetheless, social media recruitment was efficient and effective for recruiting participants for a genetic study in comparison to traditional clinic-based modes of recruitment.
Teaching Students With Emotional/Behavioral Disorders: Teachers’ Burnout Profiles and Classroom Management
Authors: Gilmour Allison F. , Sandilos Lia E. , Pilny William V. , Schwartz Samantha , Wehby Joseph H.
Published: June 2021

Teachers may have affective responses to teaching students with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) that influence their effectiveness. We used latent profile analysis to examine the burnout profiles of 102 K–Grade 6 general education and special education teachers who had students with or at risk for EBD in their classrooms. We then examined if profile membership varied by teacher type (special education vs. general education) and if profile membership was related to teachers’ directly observed classroom management skills. Our results suggest that teachers exhibit three burnout profiles: “flourishing,” “buffered,” and “struggling”; that profile membership did not vary by teacher type; and that burnout profiles were related to teachers’ classroom management skills. These findings suggest teachers may need differential supports when working with students who have EBD and provide directions for future research regarding the association between teacher affect and classroom instruction.
“The Day I Die Is The Day I Will Find My Peace”: Narratives of Family, Marriage, and Violence Among Women Living With Serious Mental Illness in India
Authors: Bhattacharya Anindita
Published: June 2021

In India, there is limited research on the nature of familial relationships and domestic violence that women living with serious mental illness (SMI) experience. Using the self-in-relation theory and through 34 in-depth interviews, I explored narratives related to family, marriage, and violence in familial relationships among women living with SMI at a psychiatric institution in an urban city in India. These narratives are critical because they highlight how the presence of mental illness exacerbates the violence women experience. Informed by participants’ narratives, I offer specific recommendations on creating gender-sensitive mental health care that is mindful of women’s social realities.
AEJMC Advertising Division 2020 Teaching Pre-Conference Review: Embracing Diversity Equity and Inclusion Across the Advertising Curriculum-Learning from the Pros
Authors: Spring Robin , Lou Shanshan , Grow Jean
Published: June 2021

The Advertising Division of the Association for Educators in Journalism and Mass Communication held its 23rd annual Teaching Pre-Conference, virtually, on the topic of diversity, equity, and inclusion in the advertising industry. Six advertising professionals with DEI experience were invited to share their insights. In short, the key findings are that the lack of diversity remains of paramount importance and will take an ongoing, industry-wide commitment to resolve. In support, advertising educators need to thread DEI discussions across the curriculum. Presentations were followed by a moderated question and answer session, with educators invited to ask questions and then debrief in follow-up sessions. Teaching tips were gathered from attending educators and are housed on the Ad Division website.
Humanizing Advertising Education: Reflection and Insights for Post-Pandemic Pedagogy
Authors: Alhabash Saleem
Published: June 2021

In this invited commentary, I reflect on the philosophical changes to my pedagogical approach during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inspired by Mehta and Aguilera’s (2020) humanizing pedagogy approach, the commentary provides four elements to capitalize on when designing courses aspiring to inspire a brighter future in advertising.
Retrospective evaluation of feline dystocia: clinicopathologic findings and neonatal outcomes in 35 cases (2009–2020)
Authors: Bailin H Grady , Thomas Liam , Levy Nyssa A
Published: June 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of cases of feline dystocia presenting to a university emergency service.

Methods

The medical records of queens presenting for dystocia between January 2009 and September 2020 were reviewed. Data collected included queen signalment, presenting complaints, treatments, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Clinicopathologic data included serum ionized calcium concentration, blood glucose level, packed cell volume and total solids. Owing to the small sample size, descriptive statistics were used and data presented as median (range).

Results

Thirty-five cases were reviewed. Dystocia was attributed to maternal factors in 69% (n = 24) and fetal factors in 31% (n = 11). Venous blood gas data from 19 queens in stage 2 labor revealed that no queens were hypocalcemic (median ionized calcium 5.4 mg/dl [range 4.9–5.8]) or hypoglycemic (median glucose 143 mg/dl [range 78–183]). Medical management was attempted in 21/35 queens. Successful medical management was achieved in 29% (n = 6/21). Thirteen queens underwent surgical management, six of these after failing medical management. Seven queens received no treatment. Fifteen queens were discharged and one queen was euthanized while still in labor. The remaining 19 queens delivered all fetuses with medical (n = 6) or surgical management (n = 13). Maternal survival was 94% (n = 33/35). A total of 136 kittens were born to all queens, with 58% (n = 79/136) born prior to initiation of treatment, 16% (n = 22/136) after medical management and 26% (n = 35/136) after surgical management. Overall neonatal survival to discharge was 66% (n = 90/136).

Conclusions and relevance

Feline dystocia is an emergent condition that can result in up to 34% neonatal mortality for kittens delivered via both medical and surgical means. Hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia were not precipitating causes of feline dystocia in this population.
Professor Dowson's contribution to the bearing industry
Authors: Houpert Luc
Published: June 2021

Dowson’s film thickness relationship is used in the bearing industry and miscellaneous organizations (ISO, DIN, and FVA) for defining the Lamda ratio (film thickness/roughness) or Kappa ratio (viscosity/reference viscosity) and corresponding lubrication factor affecting bearing life. The film thickness is also used for defining the rolling element–race shear rate, hence traction force, defining bearing torque and power losses. Traction forces can also explain rolling element acceleration, skidding, risk of cage failure, and smearing.
Differential association of cortical, subcortical and spinal cord damage with multiple sclerosis disability milestones: A multiparametric MRI study
Authors: Hidalgo de la Cruz Milagros , Valsasina Paola , Meani Alessandro , Gallo Antonio , Gobbi Claudio , Bisecco Alvino , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Zecca Chiara , Rocca Maria A , Filippi Massimo
Published: June 2021

Background:

In multiple sclerosis (MS), cortical, subcortical and infratentorial structural damage may have a differential contribution to clinical disability according to disease phases.

Purpose:

To determine the relative contributions of cortical, deep (D) grey matter (GM), cerebellar and cervical cord damage to MS disability milestones.

Methods:

Multi-centre 3T brain and cervical cord T2- and three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted images were acquired from 198 MS patients (139 relapsing-remitting (RR) MS, 59 progressive (P) MS) and 67 healthy controls. Brain/cord lesion burden, cortical thickness (CTh), DGM and cerebellar volumetry and cord cross-sectional area (CSA) were quantified. Random forest analyses identified predictors of expanded disability status scale (EDSS) disability milestones (EDSS = 3.0, 4.0 and 6.0).

Results:

MS patients had widespread atrophy in all investigated compartments versus controls ( p-range: ⩽0.001–0.05). Informative determinants of EDSS = 3.0 were cord CSA, brain lesion volume, frontal CTh and thalamic and cerebellar atrophy (out-of-bag (OOB) accuracy = 0.84, p-range: ⩽0.001–0.05). EDSS = 4.0 was mainly predicted by cerebellar and cord atrophy, frontal and sensorimotor CTh and cord lesion number (OOB accuracy = 0.84, p-range: ⩽0.001–0.04). Cervical cord CSA ( p = 0.001) and cord lesion number ( p = 0.003) predicted EDSS = 6.0 (OOB accuracy = 0.77).

Conclusion:

Brain lesion burden, cortical and thalamic atrophy were the main determinants of EDSS = 3.0 and 4.0, while cord damage played a major contribution to EDSS = 6.0.
Association of retinal atrophy with cortical lesions and leptomeningeal enhancement in multiple sclerosis on 7T MRI
Authors: Mizell Ryan , Chen Hegang , Lambe Jeffrey , Saidha Shiv , Harrison Daniel M
Published: June 2021

Background:

Retinal atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) correlates with demyelinating lesions and brain atrophy, but its relationship with cortical lesions (CLs) and meningeal inflammation is not well known.

Objectives:

To evaluate the relationship of retinal layer atrophy with leptomeningeal enhancement (LME) and CLs in MS as visualized on 7 Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods:

Forty participants with MS underwent 7T MRI of the brain and OCT. Partial correlation and mixed-effects regression evaluated relationships between MRI and OCT findings.

Results:

All participants had CLs and 32 (80%) participants had LME on post-contrast MRI. Ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness correlated with total CL volume ( r =−0.45, p < 0.01). Participants with LME at baseline had thinner macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL; p = 0.01) and GCIPL ( p < 0.01). Atrophy in various retinal layers was faster in those with certain patterns of LME. For example, mRNFL declined –1.113 (–1.974, –0.252) μm/year faster in those with spread/fill-pattern LME foci at baseline compared with those without ( p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

This study associates MRI findings of LME and cortical pathology with thinning of retinal layers as measured by OCT, suggesting a common link between meningeal inflammation, CLs, and retinal atrophy in MS.