bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da resistência à fadiga de onlays cad/cam de resina nanocerâmica, cerâmica vítrea de dissilicato de lítio e cerâmica vítrea de silicato de lítio reforçada com dióxido de zircônio
Authors:   Centro Universitário Ingá – Uningá, Maringá, PR, Brasil., Oliveira Matheus Soares de , Hespanhol Hermes Carvalho ,   Centro Universitário Ingá – Uningá, Maringá, PR, Brasil., Quiroga André Luis ,   Centro Universitário Ingá – Uningá, Maringá, PR, Brasil., Manetti Ludmila Priscilla ,   Faculdade São Leopold Mandic – SL MANDIC, Campinas, SP, Brasil., Trindade Katia de Almeida ,   Centro Universitário Ingá – Uningá, Maringá, PR, Brasil., Ferruzzi Fernanda ,   Centro Universitário Ingá – Uningá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
Published: March 2023

Este estudo avaliou a resistência de onlays de resina nanocerâmica, silicato de lítio com zircônia e dissilicato de lítio. As onlays foram submetidas à ciclagem mecânica por 1.500.000 ciclos, sob cargas de 0 a 250 Newtons a 2 Hertz. A cada 125.000 ciclos os espécimes foram avaliados e os dados de sobrevivência foram submetidos ao teste de Qui-quadrado, o número de ciclos até a falha analisado pelo teste de Kruskal Wallis e teste de Dunn. Concluímos que as onlays apresentaram excelentes taxas de sobrevivência, sem diferença estatística. Restaurações em dissilicato resistiram mais que as de silicato de lítio com zircônia.
FAST AND RELIABLE PACKET TRANSMISSION MAC PROTOCOL FOR WIRELESS BODY SENSOR NETWORKS
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea, Kim Joongjae , Kim Seong Cheol ,   Department of Intelligence IOT Convergence, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
Published: March 2023

Medical monitoring wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) monitor the occurrence of medical abnormal conditions so that medical staff can diagnose and treat patients quickly and accurately. In this case, not only abnormal data but also related data may be needed for better judgment by medical staff. In this paper, we propose a MAC protocol that can quickly and reliably transmit not only abnormal data but also related data. The proposed FR-MAC protocol reduces the packet transmission delay and prolongs the network lifetime compared to existing similar MAC protocol.
The Relationship of Emotional Intelligence, Organizational Climate, and Interpersonal Communication to the Performance of Elementary School Teachers in Simpur District, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency
Authors:   Master in Educational Administration, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia, Zainie Achmad , Aslamiah Aslamiah ,   Master in Educational Administration, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia, Rizalie Ahmad Muhyani ,   Master in Educational Administration, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect relationship of emotional intelligence, organizational climate, and interpersonal communication to the performance of primary school teachers in Simpur District, South Hulu Sungai Regency. The method used in this study is quantitative research method. The population of this study was 188 teachers. The sample of this study was 127 teachers with the Proportional Random Sampling technique. Data collection instruments are questionnaires consisting of emotional intelligence (39), organizational climate (36), and interpersonal communication (35) that have met the requirements of validity and reliability tests. Teacher performance data is taken from PKG. Data analysis to test hypotheses using path analysis. The results of this study are that there are a direct relationship emotional intelligence with teacher performance, organizational climate with teacher performance, interpersonal communication with teacher performance, emotional intelligence with interpersonal communication, organizational climate with interpersonal communication, and indirect relationships of emotional intelligence through interpersonal communication with teacher performance and organizational climate through interpersonal communication with teacher performance
Bio Nanotube Its Application in Vaccination and Cancer Therapy
Authors:   Institute of Genetic Engineering & The Institution of Engineers, India, Brahma Nitosh Kumar
Published: March 2023

Microfluidic activities predominate all processing of metal, polymers, Artificial Internal Organ (AIO), Regenerative medicine and Biological systems. Microfluidic system is also used in RT-PCR (Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) automatic to use reverse transcriptase, to design C-(Cloned)- DNA to initiate, DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA hybridization to detect/separate corona infected person from non-infected one. BNT (bionano tube) of Escherichia coli was made by isolated fimbriae (pili) of hybrid, genetically engineered) E. coli K-12 C600, Yale USA strain. BNT is made by isolated fimbriae (pili), growing in outermost surface antigen of E. coli and are differentiated by O: K:H: If BNT are immobilized by cancer drugs they could pursue bidirectional AAIR to prevent benign tumor to malignant. This is possible, because GE E. coli is made by the cloning of isolated tumor genes. BNT, if made GE hybrid E. coli, particularly by cancer isolated gene, fimbriae of GE E. coli would response humoral antibodies against that specific cancer cell. Similarly, it would response the AAIR against opportunistic microbial infections. The slow movements of DNA were essential during reverse transcriptase, involved in polymerase chain reaction. Micro fluidic transport supports RT-PCR. Reverse transcriptase enzyme reactions, molecules, convert DNA to RNA, to detect corona/viral m-RNA. The m-RNA moves from spike proteins, to lung alveoli cells by fusion of spike proteins, help to transcribe, translate and multiply corona viral particles and to spread corona. Virulence and pathogens are determined by the adhering nature of microbes and also cancer cells. They are all being characterized by innate immunity, varied from individual to individual and community to community. ETEC (Enterotoxignic-(O8 :) EPEC (Enter pathogenic-, (O26:) and UTI (Urinary Tract Infective) (O25: O:11) Escherichia coli carry plasmids, during their infective/virulent phase. These plasmids were identified in AGE (Agarose Gel Electrophoresis). MRHU (D-mannose Resistant haemagglutination of Human Erythrocytes) plasmids determines the adhering nature of microbes. The HA tests in vitro, virulence test (+/-) vivo in Balb/C mice and plasmid test in AGE established the relations of AAIR All Balb/ C mice vivo phenotypic expressions were made intraperitoneal inoculum. The virulence/adherence / pathogenic E. coli as ETEC, EPEC/UTI were used to design AAIR.
Penil Mondor Hastalığı: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: KAPLANOĞLU Veysel , KAPLANOĞLU Hatice , KARACİF Onur
Published: March 2023

Penil Mondor Hastalığı klinikte nadiren karşımıza çıkan, etyolojisi net olarak bilinmeyen penisin yüzeyel dorsal veninin tromboflebitidir. Renkli doppler ultrasonografi sayesinde kolayca tanınabilir. Ancak benign bir hastalık olmasına rağmen hastalarda ciddi anksiyete sebebidir. Ayrıcı tanısında Peyroni hastalığı ve sklerozan lenfanjit bulunur. Biz olgu sunumunda 20 yaşındaki hastada tespit edilen Penil Mondor Hastalığı bulgularını sunmayı ve literatür bilgisini gözden geçirmeyi amaçladık.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast. A Case Report with Review of the Literature
Authors: ESMER Ahmet Cem , DAĞ Ahmet
Published: March 2023

Primary squamous-cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare entity classified under the metaplastic carcinomas of the breast. The prognosis is poor, and there is no consensus for clinical treatment that is multi-modal treatment options of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. In our case, all the locations that can develop squamous-cell carcinoma were scanned, and no tumors were found in these foci. Histopathological examination of our case matched the verrucous carcinoma variant of primary squamous-cell carcinoma of the breast. We presented 30-year-old female primary squamous-cell carcinoma of the left breast due to a rare clinical entity, and the recent literature is reviewed and presented.
Simulated Annealing – 2 Opt Algorithm for Solving Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Gunawan P. H. , Iryanto Iryanto
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this article is to elaborate performance of the hybrid model of Simulated Annealing (SA) and 2 Opt algorithm for solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP). The SA algorithm used in this article is based on the outer and inner loop SA algorithm. The hybrid algorithm has promising results in solving small and medium-scale symmetric traveling salesman problem benchmark tests taken from the TSPLIB reference. Results of the optimal solution and standard deviation indicate that the hybrid algorithm shows good performance in terms of reliability and stability in finding the optimal solution from the TSP benchmark case. Values of average error and standard deviation for all simulations in the medium scale are 0.0267 and 644.12, respectively. Moreover, in some cases namely KroB100, Pr107, and Pr144, the hybrid algorithm finds a better solution compared with the best-known solution mentioned in the reference. Further, the hybrid algorithm is 1.207 – 5.692 times faster than the pure outer and inner loop-based SA algorithm. Additionally, the results show that the hybrid algorithm outperforms other hybrid algorithms such as SA – nearest neighbor (NN) and NN – 2 Opt.
Determination of 1,3-olein-2-palmitin (OPO) content in infant formula by liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS
Authors: Phung Cong Ly , Vu Ngoc Tu , Nguyen Thi Hong Ngoc ,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: March 2023

1,3-olein-2-palmitin (OPO - Sn2-palmitate) is a triacylglycerol found in breast milk that helps absorb nutrients in the infant’s intestine. Because of its beneficial effect on the infant's health improvement, OPO has been added by manufacturers to infant and infant formula. OPO content becomes an important criterion for milk quality. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method to analyze OPO in formula milk products, contributing to assessing the quality of formula products being circulated in the market. In this study, OPO was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 chromatographic column, with an ESI (+) positive electron spray ionization source and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The validity of the method was confirmed according to the guidelines of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results showed that the method has good specificity, the linearity range from 3.0 to 300 µg/kg, the detection limit of 1.0 µg/kg, the quantification limit of 3.0 µg/kg; precision and accuracy with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 12% and recoveries ranging from 89.6 to 112%, meeting AOAC requirements. The method was used to analyze the OPO content in 17 infant formula products in Hanoi. 
Non-Performing Loans Effects on Profitability and Lending Behavior of Commercial Banks: Evidence from Yemeni Commercial Banks Sector
Authors: Zaid Mohammed , Farooque Khan Mohammed
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to examine the effects of non-performing loans on the profitability and lending behavior of commercial banks in Yemen. The study used a descriptive-analytical approach. The data of the study were obtained from the annual financial reports (2010 -2018) of 6 commercial banks operating in Yemen. A panel data model was used in this study. The independent variable of the study was non-performing loans as measured by non-performing loans to total loans and advances ratio (NPLS) while the dependent variables of the study were profitability (ROA and ROE) and lending behavior as measured by loans and advances growth (LAG) of the commercial banks in Yemen. To test the hypotheses of the study, regression analysis was used. The results of the study showed that there is a positive and significant effect of the non-performing loans ratio (NPLs) on the return on equity (ROE) of commercial banks in Yemen. Whereas the study found no effect of (NPLs) on the return on assets (ROA) and loans and advances growth (LAG) of commercial banks in Yemen.
Drones: ¿una extensión de la mirada o su deshumanización?
Authors: Burmester Cristiano Franco
Published: March 2023

Las imágenes aéreas estuvieron presentes en la sociedad moderna poco después del advenimiento de la fotografía. También se convirtieron en parte de la estrategia de guerra ya que se volvieron técnicamente viables. Actualmente, el uso de vehículos aéreos no tripulados, en particular los llamados Drones, ha ampliado su participación en diferentes segmentos de la sociedad debido a su miniaturización producto de la convergencia entre la tecnología y la imagen digital. ¿En qué medida estos artefactos provocan transformaciones en la producción y recepción de imágenes aéreas? ¿Estamos ante una extensión de la mirada o su deshumanización? Apoyado en las reflexiones de Vilém Flússer y su obra La filosofía de Caixa Preta y de Edmond Couchot en su libro A Tecnologia na Arte - de la fotografía a la realidad virtual, este artículo busca reflexionar sobre este tema y analizar sus posibles desarrollos contemporáneos.
La promenade fotográfica: una experiencia arquitectónica basada en las artes
Authors: Fernández Morillas Antonio
Published: March 2023

La arquitectura es la disciplina que construye los entornos que habitamos, determinando, además de un sistema de ocupación y aprovechamiento del territorio, una estructura que modela las relaciones de los habitantes con sus semejantes y con el paisaje. La arquitectura refleja los valores de las sociedades que la desarrollan y se convierte en uno de sus símbolos más representativos. A pesar de esto, frecuentemente ignoramos su importancia trascendental, hasta el punto de olvidar que su principal cometido es ofrecerse como un espacio adecuado para el habitar en su más amplia significación. Es desde aquí, desde esa función esencial, que aprovechamos y reformulamos la dinámica de la promenade architecturale planteada por Le Corbusier para activar las prácticas didácticas en torno a la arquitectura y reconquistar así sus espacios. Con este objetivo aprovecharemos el marco ofrecido por las metodologías artísticas de enseñanza-aprendizaje para hacer de la fotografía una herramienta clave de la educación arquitectónica. Las relaciones entre ambas disciplinas se establecen con la aparición de la fotografía, que ve en la ciudad y en sus elementos un atractivo objeto de representación. Por su lado, la arquitectura descubre un instrumento fundamental para su comunicación, que transforma el lenguaje discursivo tradicional y sustenta su salto a la modernidad. Serán precisamente los ensayos fotográficos ligados a los proyectos de Le Corbusier los que nos ofrezcan las claves para entender qué imágenes componen sus reportajes y cuáles son las que mejor se adaptan a la interpretación fotográfica de la experiencia espacial provocada por el recorrido arquitectónico, destacando cinco tipos concretos de fotografías de arquitectura. Los instrumentos visuales de investigación nos ayudarán a explotar el potencial narrativo de los discursos visuales, facilitando la identificación de dos figuras adecuadas a la interpretación de ideas derivadas de una experiencia arquitectónica entendida como una acción corporalizada, emocional y estética.
La cultura como colonia, instrucción y cultivo. De cómo las diferentes nociones de cultura afectan a las políticas culturales
Authors: Rowan Jaron , Ramos Cebrián Sergio
Published: March 2023

El artículo presenta un breve recorrido sobre algunas de las principales aportaciones históricas a la definición de la cultura analizando el campo semántico que abarca la noción. Ahondando en concepciones que van desde la cultura como una forma de cultivo personal a entender el papel de la cultura como agente colonizador, se busca aclarar la genealogía política de la noción cultura. A su vez se explorará el potencial de la cultura como herramienta institucional de instrucción y transformación social. Vamos a comprobar cómo la cultura entendida como civilización y progreso fue imponiendo los imaginarios de la cultura institucional, volcada en la gestión patrimonial y el cultivo de la población. Y como, el advenimiento de la ‘cultura como derecho’ consolida la visión patrimonialista de la cultura, mientras paulatinamente, se fue abriendo a la sensibilidad por la diversidad cultural, a los discursos en torno al desarrollo, la creatividad y la preocupación por la desigualdad cultural. Consideramos que las diferentes nociones de cultura tienen expresiones diferentes cuando se transforman en políticas culturales. Por ello para acabar el artículo se pregunta sobre el papel que puede tener la cultura entendida como ente transformador, en sentido democrático.
Editorial nº 12
Authors: Pérez García Elías M. , Martínez Arroyo Emilio J. , Silva dos Santos Fabiane C.
Published: March 2023

Editorial número 12 de la revista ANIAV, marzo de 2023
Josep Quetglas Riusech. Breviario de Ronchamp
Authors: Burriel Bielza Luis
Published: March 2023

Reseña de:
Josep Quetglas Riusech. Breviario de RonchampMadrid: Ediciones Asimétricas, 2022.ISBN 978-84-19050-43-4
Mejoramiento de la navegabilidad de un robot móvil considerando el consumo energético de su brazo
Authors: García Jesús M. , Moncada José Nicolás , Rodríguez Cotrina Juan Javier
Published: March 2023

Este artículo describe el desarrollo de una estrategia para mejorar la navegabilidad de un robot móvil Skid Steer cuando se desplaza sobre superficies inclinadas, utilizando su brazo mientras consume la menor cantidad de energía. Para ello se desarrolló un modelo del consumo energético del brazo con 2 grados de libertad, el cual fue validado mediante el software MSC ADAMS. Luego, se diseñó la estrategia que permite al robot posicionar su brazo con movimientos compensatorios o con el efector final en contacto con el suelo para evitar vuelcos y deslizamientos, además de mantener el direccionamiento, mientras se disminuye el consumo de energía que provoca la maniobra. La estrategia se evaluó mediante simulación y experimentos con el robot real, determinando su efectividad de acuerdo a los parámetros definidos en su diseño e implementación.
Abstracts of the VII American Rabbit Congress. Varadero, Cuba, 12th-13th October, 2022
Authors: Conferences, Congresses, Symposiums... Abstracts,
Published: March 2023

Last October 12 and 13, 2022, the VII American Rabbit Congress took place within the framework of the 2022 Animal Production and Agro-Development Convention, which was held from October 10 to 14, 2022 at the Plaza América Convention Center in Varadero, Matanzas, Cuba. The VII American Rabbit Congress was developed in a hybrid way (in person and online) with specialists, researchers, professors, students, breeders and producers from different latitudes related to rabbit farming and science. Throughout the conference, a total of 50 people attended in person and 15 online, mainly from Cuba, Mexico, Argentina and Spain. The objective of the meeting was to "Motivate the exchange of experiences and results in rabbit production systems in the Americas, their technical, economic, environmental and social sustainability, and strategies for the improvement, conservation, use and characterization of animal genetic resources" for rabbit farming. The congress opened with a lecture by Juan José Pascual, president of the World Rabbit Science Association (WRSA) on the current state of rabbit farming, followed by three other invited lectures, 18 scientific communications, and a round table on viral hemorrhagic disease, as well as a total of 21 posters. These scientific contributions were directed both to the fundamental areas of knowledge (feeding, genetics, reproduction, pathology), but also to other important aspects of America such as socioeconomics, the value chain, and the use of rabbit farming as a tool to fight against hunger. During the first working day, aspects of the vertical integration of rabbit production, the production and commercialization of rabbits in Cuba, feeding costs and limitations for obtaining raw materials, concern for not total slaughtering rabbits where the virus outbreaks occurred, the political will to eradicate this disease and increase the productivity of the species, the components of the value chains and the need for a correct articulation between all the links in the chain were discussed. On the other hand, during the second working day, there was a debate mainly on aspects related to the role of rabbit farming in society, not only for the production of quality meat, but also for its gender approach, the use of existing local resources in the Latin American countries, and the positive experiences of producers in the promotion of rabbit breeding. The congress closed with good attendance in the room, with a representation of students, producers, specialists, researchers and representatives of state production units and the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture (Director of the National Center for Animal Health and President of the livestock business group).
Adjuvant treatment for resectable non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lim Jeong Uk
Published: March 2023

Background: Low-dose chest computed tomography is being increasingly used to screen for lung cancer, and the proportion of early diagnoses of patients with lung cancer in potentially resectable stages is increasing. After complete resection, reducing the possibility of postoperative relapse is of the utmost priority. In this review, recent updates in adjuvant treatment for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were briefly explained.Current Concepts: Even though platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy was traditionally used, there was only a small increase in overall survival and a 15% decrease in relapse.Discussion and Conclusion: With the advent of immunotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the landscape of adjuvant treatment for completely resectable NSCLC is rapidly changing. The ADAURA study showed that adjuvant osimertinib, regardless of prior platinum-based postoperative chemotherapy, significantly extended disease-free progression survival in epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive patients with resectable NSCLC. The IMpower010 study showed that postoperative atezolizumab can be an option in patients without targetable mutations for reducing the possibility of postoperative relapse. Postoperative radiotherapy can be beneficial for patients with lymph node metastases (N2).
Enhancing the Paikem Learning Model's Applicability: The Clinical Supervision Model
Authors: Purba Saut , Parhusip Akdel
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the increase in the ability of class teachers to implement the PAIKEM learning model through the application of clinical supervision with a collaborative approach at SDS Santa Lucia Sei Rotan. A sample of 10 people was determined based on a purposive sampling technique. The research was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of four stages: planning, implementing activities, observing, and reflecting. Data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. The study's results concluded: (1) In the pre-cycle, teachers still needed to implement the PAIKEM learning model. (2) In the first cycle, the teacher's ability score to apply the PAIKEM learning model = 52.22 (very low). In the second cycle, the teacher's ability increased significantly, namely 95.46 (very good). (3) Student activity in the first cycle average score = 65 (poor category). There was a fairly high increase in the second cycle, with an average score = of 91.67 (very good). The findings of this study, through the application of clinical supervision with a collaborative approach, can improve the teaching abilities of class teachers with the PAIKEM learning model.
Improving the efficiency of personal security of employees of correctional institutions of the penal system
Authors: Василенко С.Н.
Published: March 2023

В статье рассматриваются вопросы законодательного закрепления определения безопасности уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации в целом и личной безопасности сотрудника; анализируются меры организационно-правового характера обеспечения безопасности персонала УИС, определенные законодательством Российской Федерации; внешние и внутренние факторы, которые влияют на безопасность сотрудников пенитенциарных учреждений. Отмечаются проблемы, связанные с нововведениями при приеме на службу, которые усложняют процедуру трудоустройства на должности младшего начальствующего состава, вследствие чего офицерский состав в исправительном учреждении вынужден брать на себя ряд не свойственных для данной категории сотрудников УИС обязанностей. Также для повышения уровня безопасности автор указывает на необходимость технической оснащенности сотрудников ИУ, проведения занятий по служебно-боевой подготовке, изучения нормативных правовых актов, строгого соблюдения законности при обращении с лицами, отбывающими уголовные наказания, а также законного применения мер личной безопасности сотрудников ИУ при работе с осужденными.

The article deals with the issues of legislative consolidation of the definition of the security of the penal system in general and the personal security of the employee of the penal system; measures of organizational and legal nature of ensuring the security of the personnel of the penal system, determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation, are analyzed; external and internal factors that affect the security of prison staff. There are problems associated with innovations in recruitment, which complicate the procedure for employment in the positions of junior commanding staff, as a result of which the officers in the correctional institution are forced to take on a number of duties unusual for this category of employees of the penal system. Also, in order to increase the level of security, the author points out the need for technical equipment of the employees of the penitentiary, conducting classes in service and combat training, studying regulatory legal acts, strict observance of the law when dealing with persons serving criminal sentences, as well as the legal application of personal security measures for employees of the penitentiary at work with the convicts.
Method for determining the risk of developing reproductive loss in the 1st trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Kastsova L. V.
Published: March 2023

Objective. To develop a method for determining the risk of reproductive loss in the 1st trimester of pregnancy.

Materials and methods. Blood serum, whole blood, medical records of an inpatient (form No. 003/-07), and exchange cards (form No. 113/-07) of 94 pregnant women. Interleukin-6 concentration was assessed in the examined patients by immune-enzyme analysis. The level of leukocytes and monocytes was determined in whole blood by general clinical routine methods on a hematology analyzer. Statistica 10.0 software package and “R” programming language, version 4.1, were used for statistical analysis.

Results. The developed logistic regression equation (sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 83.33%; classification accuracy, 86.17%) by determining the linear predictor Z makes it possible to assign a pregnant woman to the high risk group for the development of reproductive loss in the 1st trimester (Z > -0.4519).

Conclusion. The proposed new method for determining a high risk of developing reproductive loss in the 1st trimester of pregnancy makes it possible to carry out appropriate therapeutic measures to help preserve women’s reproductive health, improve fertility, and increase the birth rate.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: diagnostic features
Authors: Yudenko M. A. , Buinevich I. V. , Rusanau D. Yu.
Published: March 2023

Objective. To study demographic, clinical characteristics and concomitant pathology of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in Gomel city and Gomel region for the period 2017-2021. To evaluate the informative value of different techniques for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in non-respiratory samples in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Materials and methods. A retrospective study of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases registered from 2017 to 2021 in Gomel and Gomel region (308 patients) was carried out. The results of microscopic, bacteriological and molecular genetic methods of non-respiratory and respiratory samples relevant in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis were analyzed.

Results. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with EPTB in Gomel and Gomel region for the period 20172021 were revealed. Concomitant pathology in patients with EPTB was analyzed, the features of EPTB diagnostics were studied. It was determined that EPTB is more susceptible to males aged 31 to 50 years and to women aged over 60 years. EPTB is more frequently diagnosed in patients from urban areas and when patients come to medical institutions with nonspecific complaints, except for intrathoracic lymph node tuberculosis (ITLN).

Conclusion. In the structure of clinical forms of EPTB, lesions of bones and joints (62.7%) and intrathoracic lymph nodes (19.5%) predominate. HIV-positive patients are more common in the ITLN group. MBT is most often detected in the following localizations of extrapulmonary process: intrathoracic and peripheral lymph nodes, pleural tuberculosis. The most highly informative method of examination of biological nonrespiratory material for detection of MBT in extrapulmonary localization is molecular genetic study.
Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome
Authors: Novikova I. A. , Romaniva A. A. , Salivonchik A. P. , Khoduleva S. A. , Prokopovich S. S.
Published: March 2023

The article presents a clinical case of a rare primary immunodeficiency syndrome Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Typical clinical symptoms, diagnostic and treatment tactics have been demonstrated.
Synthesis and crystal structure of the copper (II) carboxylate with 2,2-bipyridine, [Cu(4-mba)2(bipy)(H2O)]
Authors: Kanmazalp Sibel Demir , Qadir Adnan , Dege Necmi
Published: March 2023

The new Cu(II) carboxylate complex, aqua(2,2'-bipyridine-κ2N,N')bis(4-methylbenzoato-κO)copper(II) [Cu(4-mba)2(bipy)(H2O)] (4-mba: 4-methylbenzoate, bipy: 2,2'-bipyridine) was synthesized, and the molecular structure of the complex was characterized by the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the asymmetric unit comprises an independent molecule. Crystal data for [Cu(4-meb)2(2,2-bipy)(H2O)]: Triclinic, space group P-1 (no. 2), a = 7.0452(13) Å, b = 11.260(2) Å, c = 16.635(3) Å, α = 103.543(7)°, β = 91.002(7)°, γ = 104.106(6)°, V = 1240.4(4) Å3, Z = 2, T = 296 K, μ(MoKα) = 0.918 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.360 g/cm3, 51364 reflections measured (5.054° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 57.38°), 6258 unique (Rint = 0.0398, Rsigma = 0.0284) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0392 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.1021 (all data). The Cu(II) ion was found to be coordinated with two nitrogen atoms of the 2,2'-bipyridine ligand, two oxygen atoms of the 4-methyl benzoate molecule, and one oxygen atom of the aqua ligand. In the three-dimensional supramolecular architecture, molecules are connected through pairs of O-H···O and C-H···O intermolecular interactions, consisting of chains. The molecule also demonstrates Cg···Cg intermolecular interactions between six-membered rings of 2,2'-bipyridine.
Quinoline analogue as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: ADMET prediction, molecular docking and dynamics simulation analysis
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Mahantheshappa Santhosha Sangapurada , Balasubramaniyan Sakthivel , Satyanarayan Nayak Devappa , Achur Rajeshwara
Published: March 2023

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has triggered a major human turmoil worldwide by posing challenges regarding infection prevention, disease diagnosis, and treatment. Several drugs including remdesivir (RDV), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and others are being used to treat COVID-19, although these are not specifically proven drugs. Thus, it is very critical to understand COVID-19 drug targets and their interactions with candidate drugs. Here, we attempted in silico screening of ten quinoline analogs (Q1-Q10) against the five main proteases of SARS-CoV-2 by docking and dynamics analysis. The prediction of the ADMET profile showed that the best docked quinolines are safe and possess drug-like properties. The molecular interaction and binding affinity of these small molecules were determined with respect to the five protease (Mpro) targets of SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 6LU7, 6W63, 6M03, 6Y84 and 6YB7). The study indicated that the quinoline ligands Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9, and Q10as probable inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and showed favorable binding interaction with the amino acid Glu166 of 6Y84, 6LU7and 6M03. Furthermore, Q9 has a highly significant docking score and binding affinity with all fiveCOVID-19 receptors having a minimum of two H-bonds, which is remarkable compared to HCQ, RDV, and other quinolines. The dynamics simulation analysis of this potent drug candidate Q9 with 6LU7 indicated high stability of the complex. In conclusion, our findings indicate that all of these quinolines in general possess good binding affinity and Q9 can serve as a good quinoline scaffold for the design of new antiviral agents to target the active site of SARS-CoV-2 MPro.
A corrected benzene nitration three-step mechanism derived by DFT calculation and MO theory
Authors: Shi Hongchang
Published: March 2023

Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations at the LC-wHPBE/6-311++G(d,p) level found that the textbook three-step nitration mechanism of benzene in mixed acids was seriously wrong. Step 1 of generating nitronium ion (NO2+) is not spontaneous, the NO2+ is generated by Lewis collision, and needs to overcome a barrier Ea = 18 or 22 kcal/mol in mixed acid or in nitric acid. Obtaining the Ea of the Lewis collision by quantum chemical calculations is a highlight of the study. The reaction system (NO2+ + H2O) + HSO4⎺ or + NO3⎺ or + nH2O (n ≥ 1) can make NO2+ spontaneously change to HNO3 through a poly(≥3)-molecular acidification. Sulfuric acid can greatly reduce [H2O] and increase [NO2+]. Therefore, the nitration rate in mixed acid is much faster than that in nitric acid. Step 2, C6H6 + NO2+, is an electrophilic addition, follows the transition state theory, and needs to overcome a low barrier, ΔE* = 7 kcal/mol. The product of Step 2 is the σ-complex C6H6-NO2+. The essence of the electrophilic addition is the transfer of HOMO-1 electrons of C6H6 to LUMO of NO2+. Step 3 is a spontaneous Lewis acid-base neutralization without any barrier, and generates the target product nitrobenzene C6H5NO2. NO2+ and σ-complex are the two active intermediates in nitration. The benzene nitration rate control step is not Step 2 of generating σ-complex, but is Step 1 to generate NO2+. The DFT calculation obtains the barriers Ea and ΔE*, the reaction heats ΔHσ and ΔHp of each step of the nitration, resulting in the total nitration reaction heat ΔH = -35 kcal/mol. It is consistent with the experimental ΔH = -34 kcal/mol. Based on the results, a corrected benzene nitration three-step mechanism proposed.
Editorial Board
Authors: Arslan Hakan
Published: March 2023

Editorial Board
On the climatic influence of CO2 forcing in the Pliocene
Authors: Burton Lauren E. , Haywood Alan M. , Tindall Julia C. , Dolan Aisling M. , Hill Daniel J. , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Chan Wing-Le , Chandan Deepak , Feng Ran , Hunter Stephen J. , Li Xiangyu , Peltier W. Richard , Tan Ning , Stepanek Christian , Zhang Zhongshi
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Understanding the dominant climate forcings in the Pliocene is crucial to assessing the usefulness of the Pliocene as an analogue for our warmer future. Here, we implement a novel yet simple linear factorisation method to assess the relative influence of CO2 forcing in seven models of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) ensemble. Outputs are termed “FCO2” and show the fraction of Pliocene climate change driven by CO2. The accuracy of the FCO2 method is first assessed through comparison to an energy balance analysis previously used to assess drivers of surface air temperature in the PlioMIP1 ensemble. After this assessment, the FCO2 method is applied to achieve an understanding of the drivers of Pliocene sea surface temperature and precipitation for the first time. CO2 is found to be the most important forcing in the ensemble for
Pliocene surface air temperature (global mean FCO2=0.56), sea surface temperature (global mean FCO2=0.56), and precipitation (global mean FCO2=0.51). The range between individual models is found to be consistent between these three climate variables, and the models generally show good agreement on the sign of the most important forcing. Our results provide the most spatially complete view of the drivers of
Pliocene climate to date and have implications for both data–model
comparison and the use of the Pliocene as an analogue for the future. That
CO2 is found to be the most important forcing reinforces the
Pliocene as a good palaeoclimate analogue, but the significant effect of
non-CO2 forcing at a regional scale (e.g. orography and ice sheet forcing at high latitudes) reminds us that it is not perfect, and these additional influencing factors must not be overlooked. This comparison is further complicated when considering the Pliocene as a state in quasi-equilibrium with CO2 forcing compared to the transient warming being experienced at present.
Estimation of CH4emission based on an advanced 4D-LETKF assimilation system
Authors: Bisht Jagat S. H. , Patra Prabir K. , Takigawa Masayuki , Sekiya Takashi , Kanaya Yugo , Saitoh Naoko , Miyazaki Kazuyuki
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is the second major greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO2) which has substantially increased during recent decades in the atmosphere, raising serious sustainability and climate change issues. Here, we develop a data assimilation system for in situ and column-averaged concentrations using a local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) to estimate surface emissions of CH4. The data assimilation performance is tested and optimized based on idealized settings using observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs), where a known surface emission distribution (the truth) is retrieved from synthetic observations. We tested three covariance inflation methods to avoid covariance underestimation in the emission estimates, namely fixed multiplicative (FM), relaxation-to-prior spread (RTPS), and adaptive multiplicative. First, we assimilate the synthetic observations at every grid point at the surface level. In such a case of dense observational data, the normalized root mean square error (RMSE) in the analyses over global land regions is smaller by 10 %–15 % in the case of RTPS covariance inflation method compared to FM. We have shown that integrated estimated flux seasonal cycles over 15 regions using RTPS inflation are in reasonable agreement between true and estimated flux, with 0.04 global normalized annual mean bias. We then assimilated the column-averaged CH4 concentration by sampling the model simulations at Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) observation locations and time for another OSSE. Similar to the case of dense observational data, the RTPS covariance inflation method performs better than FM for GOSAT synthetic observation in terms of normalized RMSE (2 %–3 %) and integrated flux estimation comparison with the true flux. The annual mean averaged normalized RMSE (normalized mean bias) in LETKF CH4 flux estimation in the case of RTPS and FM covariance inflation is found to be 0.59 (0.18) and 0.61 (0.23), respectively. The χ2 test performed for GOSAT synthetic observations assimilation suggests high underestimation of background error covariance in both RTPS and FM covariance inflation methods; however, the underestimation is much higher (>100 % always) for FM compared to RTPS covariance inflation method.
Accelerated estimation of sea-spray-mediated heat flux using Gaussian quadrature: case studies with a coupled CFSv2.0-WW3 system
Authors: Shi Ruizi , Xu Fanghua
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Sea-spray-mediated heat flux plays an important role in
air–sea heat transfer. Heat flux integrated over the droplet size spectrum can
simulate well the total heat flux induced by sea spray droplets. Previously, a
fast algorithm of spray flux assuming single-radius droplets (A15) was
widely used, as the full-size spectrum integral is computationally
expensive. Based on the Gaussian quadrature (GQ) method, a new fast
algorithm (SPRAY-GQ) of sea-spray-mediated heat flux is derived. The
performance of SPRAY-GQ is evaluated by comparing heat fluxes with those
estimated from the widely used A15. The new algorithm shows a better
agreement with the original spectrum integral. To further evaluate the
numerical errors of A15 and SPRAY-GQ, the two algorithms are implemented
into the coupled Climate Forecast System model version 2.0
(CFSv2.0) and WAVEWATCH III (WW3) system, and a series of 56 d simulations in
summer and winter are conducted and compared. The comparisons with satellite
measurements and reanalysis data show that the SPRAY-GQ algorithm could lead
to more reasonable simulation than the A15 algorithm by modifying air–sea
heat flux. For experiments based on SPRAY-GQ, the sea surface temperature at
middle to high latitudes of both hemispheres, particularly in summer, is
significantly improved compared with the experiments based on A15. The
simulation of 10 m wind speed and significant wave height at middle to low
latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere after the first 2 weeks is improved
as well. These improvements are due to the reduced numerical errors. The
computational time of SPRAY-GQ is about the same as that of A15. Therefore,
the newly developed SPRAY-GQ algorithm has potential to be used for the
calculation of spray-mediated heat flux in coupled models.
Global submesoscale diagnosis using along-track satellite altimetry
Authors: Vergara Oscar , Morrow Rosemary , Pujol Marie-Isabelle , Dibarboure Gérald , Ubelmann Clément
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The ocean's sea surface height (SSH) field is a complex mix of motions in
geostrophic balance and unbalanced motions including high-frequency tides,
internal tides, and internal gravity waves. Barotropic tides are well
estimated for altimetric SSH in the open ocean, but the SSH signals of
internal tides remain. The transition scale,
Lt, at which these unbalanced
ageostrophic motions dominate balanced geostrophic motions is estimated
for
the first time using satellite altimetry. Lt is critical to
define the
spatial scales above which surface geostrophic currents can be inferred
from
SSH gradients. We use a statistical approach based on the analysis of 1 Hz
altimetric SSH wavenumber spectra to obtain four geophysical parameters
that
vary regionally and seasonally: the background error, the spectral slope in
the mesoscale range, a second spectral slope at smaller scales, and
Lt. The
mesoscale slope and error levels are similar to previous studies based on
satellite altimetry. The break in the wavenumber spectra to a flatter
spectral slope can only be estimated in midlatitude regions where the
signal exceeds the altimetric noise level. Small values of Lt
are observed
in regions of energetic mesoscale activity, while larger values are
observed
towards low latitudes and regions of lower mesoscale activity. These
results
are consistent with recent analyses of in situ observations and
high-resolution models. Limitations of our results and implications for
reprocessed nadir and future swath altimetric missions are discussed.
Extraction and Identification of Active Components from Herbs for their Application for Prevention of Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Kaur Virpal , Thapar Parul , . Saruch
Published: March 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological endocrine disorder that causes reproductive and metabolic disturbances. PCOS is more common in females who have obesity and it can also be a genetic disorder in some females. During a study on teen age 17-19 years aged girls in Thailand, the prevalence rate of PCOS syndrome was 5.29 %. While, the studies in Iran had shown the prevalence rate to be 8.3% to 11.4% (Naz et al, 2019). PCOS can be treated by allopathic medicines but they have number of side effects in women like acne and menstrual irregularity. Therefore, in this study an alternative solution has been taken to prevent PCOS by the application of herbs. In this study, 7 samples of herbs were considered. Sample of Cinnamon (dalchini) was collected from a field of Punjab Agriculture University Ludhiana; Curcuma longa (turmeric), Mentha piperita (pippermint) and Allium sativum (garlic) were taken from Gurudwara Bhora Sahib (Jagraon); Ocimum sanctum (tulsi), Azadirachta indica (neem) and Casearia esculanta (saptrangi) were collected from Farm house of CT university campus (Mullanpur). These samples were dried for 48 hours at temperature 38˚C. The process of solvent extraction was used to extract the active components. To identify the extracted constituents from herbs, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was done. Some biochemical tests were performed, to confirm the presence of the identified components. From these 7 samples the active components that were successfully identified were cinnamaldehyde, allicin, estradiol and diterpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids. These components will be further used for the preparation of herbal medicine against
American Dream with Special Reference to the Great Gatsby
Authors: Kaur Mandeep
Published: March 2023

In 19th century America, the American dream becomes a prominent issue in society. It is a burning issue of that time and instantly, it takes a place in literature. Many writers tried their hands on these writings. Among these writers, F. Scott. Fitzgerald is one of those whose work gained popularity from this perspective. It is an indispensable element of American identity. American literature becomes famous due to national and international literary movements which play a significant role in expanding different forms of literature. The movements such as transcendentalists, puritanism, expressionism, etc. Among these, the American dream is one that paved the way for a new generation. This concept includes the development of technology, science, etc. In general, it is a dream of a land in which their life become better and they have equal opportunities. In this paper, this work would be analyzed from the American dream perspective like how people from poor families if they do hard work, can get this dream. The protagonist of this work shows this perspective clearly.