bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common Unfolding of Regular Tetrahedron and Johnson-Zalgaller Solid
Authors: Araki Yoshiaki , Horiyama Takashi , Uehara Ryuhei
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we investigate the common unfolding between regular tetrahedra and Johnson-Zalgaller solids. More precisely, we investigate the sets of all edge developments of Johnson-Zalgaller solids that fold into regular tetrahedra. We show that, among 92 Johnson-Zalgaller solids, only J17 (gyroelongated square dipyramid) and J84 (snub disphenoid) have some edge developments that fold into a regular tetrahedron, and the remaining Johnson-Zalgaller solids do not have any such edge development.
Threshold Circuits Detecting Global Patterns in Two-dimensional Maps
Authors: Uchizawa Kei , Yashima Daiki , Zhou Xiao
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we consider a biologically-inspired Boolean function PnD that models a simple task of detecting global spatial patterns on a two-dimensional map. We prove that PnD is computable by a threshold circuit of size (i.e., number of gates) O(√n logn), which is an improvement on the previous upper bound O(n), while our circuit has larger depth O(√n) and total wire length O(n log2 n). Moreover, we demonstrate that the size of our circuit is nearly optimal up to a logarithmic factor: we show that any threshold circuit computing PnD has size Ω(√n/logn).
Statistical Thermodynamics
Authors: Oono Yoshitsugu
Published: February 2016

The objective and mode of thinking of statistical thermodynamics are explained with key references. The problems of statistical thermodynamics fall into two categories: studies of universal structures and studies of materials constants. The modern statistical thermodynamics emphasizes the former category. Consequently, recognizing a universality class described by a well‐defined phenomenological framework and constructing a minimal model to elucidate it statistically are the key problems. From this point of view, equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics are outlined with brief introduction to new developments in this century.
4,4′‐Methylen‐bis(2‐chloranilin) (MOCA) [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2013]
Authors: Lämmlein P.
Published: February 2016

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), Biologische Leitwerte (BLW) und Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR)
, 20. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2013

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Metabolismus und Toxikokinetik

Kritische Toxizität

Belastung und Beanspruchung

Beziehung zwischen äußerer und innerer Belastung

Beziehung zwischen innerer Belastung und Beanspruchung

Auswahl der Indikatoren

Untersuchungsmethoden

Hintergrundbelastung

Evaluierung
Polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAH) [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2013]
Authors: Klotz K.
Published: February 2016

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheBiologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), Biologische Leitwerte (BLW) und Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR), 20. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2013

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Metabolismus und Toxikokinetik

Aufnahme und Verteilung

Metabolismus

Ausscheidung

Kritische Toxizität

Belastung und Beanspruchung

Beziehung zwischen externer und interner Belastung

Beziehung zwischen innerer Belastung und Beanspruchung

Auswahl der Indikatoren

Untersuchungsmethoden

Hintergrundbelastung

1‐Hydroxypyren

Evaluierung

Evaluierung des Biologischen Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwertes (BAR)

Evaluierung der EKA‐Korrelation

Interpretation
Aceton, Addendum [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 1996]
Authors: Schaller K. H. , Triebig G.
Published: February 2016

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheBiologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte) und Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), 8. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1996

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Reevaluierung des BAT‐Wertes

Belastung und Beanspruchung

Evaluierung des BAT‐Wertes
Addendum zu 1,2‐Epoxypropan [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2013]
Authors: Bader M.
Published: February 2016

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), Biologische Leitwerte (BLW) und Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR)
, 20. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2013

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Reevaluierung

Belastung und Beanspruchung

Evaluierung der biologischen Expositionsäquivalente
Smoothing switched control laws for uncertain nonlinear systems subject to actuator saturation
Authors: Alves Uiliam Nelson L. T. , Teixeira Marcelo C. M. , de Oliveira Diogo R. , Cardim Rodrigo , Assunção Edvaldo , de Souza Wallysonn A.
Published: February 2016

This paper considers a class of uncertain nonlinear systems exactly described by Takagi–Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy models, with or without matched uncertainties and/or disturbances, within an operating region in the state space. Considering the plant subject to actuator saturation is proposed, a switched control design method such that the equilibrium point of the controlled systems is locally asymptotically stable with an adequate decay rate, for all initial conditions in a region obtained in the design procedure, that is within a given operating region. Moreover, an exact representation of the minimum function using signal functions is presented. Therefore, it is offered a bridge between the switched control and variable structure control laws, because they are usually based on minimum and signal functions, respectively. Considering the well‐known approximation of the signal function by a sigmoid function, this paper introduces the ‘smooth minimum’ function. The smooth minimum function allowed the design of ‘smooth switched’ control laws, without chattering, for the aforementioned class of systems. The proposed smooth switched control laws guarantee the uniform ultimate boundedness of the controlled systems. Design examples and simulation results illustrate the control design procedures and the effectiveness of the proposed control laws. Future researches in this subject may explore the presented relationship between the switched control and variable structure control laws, in order to obtain new useful control laws. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Doped Conducting Polymer as a Hole‐Extraction Layer in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lim Kyung‐Geun , Ahn Soyeong , Kim Hobeom , Choi Mi‐Ri , Huh Dal Ho , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: February 2016

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells are fabricated using a water‐soluble, self‐doped conducting polyaniline graft copolymer based on poly(4‐styrenesulfonate)‐g‐polyaniline (PSS‐g‐PANI) as an efficient hole‐extraction layer (HEL) because of its advantages, including low‐temperature solution processability, high transmittance, and a low energy barrier with perovskite photoactive layers. Compared with conventional poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) dispersed in water solution, PSS‐g‐PANI molecules are dissolved in water because of the polymeric dopant covalently bonded with PANI, and can steadily remain as an initial solution during long‐term storage and over a wide pH range to fabricate a HEL with fewer surface defects. The built‐in potential and device characteristics are substantially improved because of the surface energy state of PSS‐g‐PANI below Fermi‐energy level. Moreover, the PSS‐g‐PANI mixed with electron‐withdrawing perfluorinated ionomer (PFI) exhibits a higher work function (5.49 eV) and deeper surface energy state below the Fermi level; thus, an ohmic contact at the HEL/methylammonium lead iodide perovskite interface is obtained. Finally, the power conversion efficiency was increased from 7.8% in the perovskite solar cells with PEDOT:PSS to 12.4% in those with the PSS‐g‐PANI:PFI.
Robust Superhydrophobic Fabric Bag Filled with Polyurethane Sponges Used for Vacuum‐Assisted Continuous and Ultrafast Absorption and Collection of Oils from Water
Authors: Li Jian , Yan Long , Tang Xiaohua , Feng Hua , Hu Dongcheng , Zha Fei
Published: February 2016

Removal of oil from water has become an increasingly important field due to the frequent oil spill accidents as well as industrial oily wastewater. In this study, a bag is made from superhydrophobic fabric and stuffed with pristine polyurethane (PU) sponge just utilizing the synergetic effect of the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic selective absorption of oil from water of the fabric and the excellent large volume‐based oil storage capacity of the PU sponge. The superhydrophobic filling bag can quickly absorb and collect a large amount of oil from a polluted water surface with the separation efficiency always above 98.2% for a series of oil/water mixtures. In addition, the filled orignial sponges exhibit large volume‐based absorption capacity up to 20–36 times its own weight, keeping nearly the same absorption capacity with the previous reported hydrophobic modified sponges. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic bag filled with PU sponges can continuously and efficiently absorb oils from water surfaces with high‐speed, removing about 40 L of kerosene in 150 min under a continuous vacuum regime. Moreover, the as‐prepared superhydrophobic filling bag also shows high selectivity and excellent oil storage stability; and no oil escapes from the bag even under harsh conditions, including strong acidic, alkaline, salt aqueous solutions, hot water, and mechanical abrasion.
An evolutionary sequence of young radio galaxies
Authors: Collier J. D. , Norris R. P. , Filipović M. D. , Tothill N. F. H.
Published: February 2016

We have observed the faintest sample of Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) and Compact Steep Spectrum (CSS) sources to date, using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. We test the hypothesis that GPS and CSS sources are the youngest radio galaxies, place them into an evolutionary sequence along with a number of other young active galactic nuclei (AGN) candidates, and search for evidence of the evolving accretion mode and its relationship to star formation. GPS/CSS sources have very small radio jets that have been recently launched from the central supermassive black hole and grow in linear size as they evolve, which means that the linear size of the jets is an excellent indicator of the evolutionary stage of the AGN. We use high‐resolution radio observations to determine the linear size of GPS/CSS sources, resolve their jets and observe their small‐scale morphologies. We combine this with other multi‐wavelength age indicators, including the spectral age, colours, optical spectra, and spectral energy distribution of the host galaxy, in an attempt to assemble all age indicators into a self‐consistent model. We observe the most compact sources with Very Large Baseline Interferometry, which reveals their parsec‐scale structures, giving us a range of source sizes and allowing us to test what fraction of GPS/CSS sources are young and evolving. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multifrequency VLBA observations of two compact symmetric objects
Authors: Rastello S. , Dallacasa D. , Orienti M.
Published: February 2016

We present the results of multifrequency VLBA observations of J1944+5448 and J0111+3906. These sources are compact symmetric objects, completely embedded in the narrow line region of the host galaxy. Multi‐epoch observations allowed us to derive the hot‐spot separation speed that was used to estimate the kinematic age of both sources. Their asymmetric shape is likely due to an inhomogeneous ambient medium with which these sources interact. Finally we present the results on the spectral analysis of J0111+3906 whose spectrum is fitted with either a synchrotron self‐absorption mechanism or a free free absorption model. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fossil shell emission in dying radio loud AGNs
Authors: Kino M. , Ito H. , Kawakatu N. , Orienti M. , Nagai H. , Wajima K. , Itoh R.
Published: February 2016

We investigate shell emission associated with dying radio loud AGNs. First, based on our recent work by Ito et al. (2015), we describe the dynamical and spectral evolution of shells after stopping the jet energy injection. We find that the shell emission overwhelms that of the radio lobes soon after stopping the jet energy injection because fresh electrons are continuously supplied into the shell via the forward shock, while the radio lobes rapidly fade out without jet energy injection. We find that such fossil shells can be a new class of target sources for SKA telescope. Next, we apply the model to the nearby radio source 3C84. Then, we find that the fossil shell emission in 3C84 is less luminous in the radio band while it is bright in the TeV γ ‐ray band and can be detectable by CTA. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐frequency radio properties of central AGNs in cluster environments
Authors: Baek J. , Chung A. , Tremou E. , Sohn B. W. , Jung T. , Ro H.
Published: February 2016

We present K‐band (22 GHz) properties of 10 central AGNs in galaxy clusters of various dynamic states. The data were obtained using the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) with a goal to study how the AGN hosted by the central cluster galaxy interacts with the cluster core while undergoing feedback. In KVN single‐dish observations, 9 out of 10 targets are detected. Using our K‐band flux and archival low‐frequency radio data, we evaluate spectral indices of the sample. We find a rough trend that central AGNs in the cluster with shorter cooling timescale show a more flat radio spectrum. This result is suggestive of young synchrotron age of the AGNs located in the cluster with a cool core. High resolution KVN VLBI follow up observations indicate some hints of the presence of parsec‐scale jets only in the cool core cluster AGNs. To‐gether with our finding from KVN single‐dish observations, the parsec‐scale jet morphology of the sample suggests that the AGNs in cool‐core clusters are more recently (re)activated compared to their counterparts in non cool‐core clusters. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Search for extreme rotation measures in CSS sources
Authors: Cotton W. D. , Kravchenko E. , Kovalev Y. Y. , Fomalont E.
Published: February 2016

Magnetized plasmas traversed by linearly polarized light will reveal their presence by the frequency dependent Faraday rotation of the angle of polarization. The regions surrounding the black holes powering the jets in AGNs are expected to have dense magnetized plasmas, possibly giving rise to very large Faraday rotations. Compact steep spectrum (CSS) sources are good candidates to search for very large Faraday rotated components as they contain compact emission from close to the black hole and many are strongly depolarized at centimeter wavelengths as expected from strong Faraday effects. We present data on several CSS sources (3C 48, 3C 138, and 3C 147) observed with the VLA at frequencies between 20 and 48 GHz in the most extended configuration. Large, but not excessive rotation measures are reported. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The peculiar megamaser AGN NGC 1194: Comparison with the warped disk candidates NGC 1068 and NGC 4258
Authors: Fedorova E. , Vasylenko A. , Hnatyk B. I. , Zhdanov V. I.
Published: February 2016

We analyze the X‐ray properties of the Compton‐thick Seyfert 1.9 radio quiet AGN in NGC 1194 using INTEGRAL (ISGRI), XMM‐Newton (EPIC), Swift (BAT and XRT), and Suzaku (XIS) observations. There is a set of Fe‐K lines in the NGC 1194 spectrum with complex relativistic profiles that can be considered as a sign of either a warped Bardeen‐Petterson accretion disk or double black hole. We compare our results on NGC 1194 with two other megamaser warped disk candidates, NGC 1068 and NGC 4258, to trace out the other properties which can be typical for AGNs with warped accretion disks. To finally confirm or disprove the double black‐hole hypotheses, further observations of the iron lines and their evolution of their shape with time are necessary. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The new class of FR 0 radio galaxies
Authors: Baldi R. D. , Capetti A. , Giovannini G.
Published: February 2016

Are the FRI and FRII radio galaxies representative of the radio‐loud (RL) AGN population in the local Universe? Recent studies on the local low‐luminosity radio sources cast lights on an emerging population of compact radio galaxies which lack extended radio emission. In a pilot JVLA project, we study the high‐resolution images of a small but representative sample of this population. The radio maps reveal compact unresolved or slightly resolved radio structures on a scale of 1–3 kpc. We find that these RL AGN live in red massive early‐type galaxies, with large black hole masses (≳108 M⊙), and spectroscopically classified as Low Excitation Galaxies, all characteristics typical of FRI radio galaxies which they also share the same nuclear luminosity with. However, they are more core dominated (by a factor of ∼30) than FRIs and show a clear deficit of extended radio emission. We call these sources “FR0” to emphasize their lack of prominent extended radio emission. A posteriori, other compact radio sources found in the literature fulfill the requirements for a FR0 classification. Hence, the emerging FR0 population appears to be the dominant radio class of the local Universe. Considering their properties we speculate on their possible origins and the possible cosmological scenarios they imply. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The compact radio structure of radio‐loud NLS1 galaxies and the relationship to CSS sources
Authors: Gu M. , Chen Y. , Komossa S. , Yuan W. , Shen Z.
Published: February 2016

Narrow‐line Seyfert 1 galaxies are thought to be young AGNs with relatively small black hole masses and high accretion rates. Radio‐loud narrow‐line Seyfert 1 galaxies (RLNLS1s) are very special, because some of them show blazar‐like characteristics, while others resemble compact steep‐spectrum sources. Relativistic jets were shown to exist in a few RLNLS1s based on VLBI observations and confirmed by the gamma‐ray flaring of some of them. These properties may possibly be contrary to typical radio‐loud AGNs, in light of the low black‐hole masses, and high accretion rates. We present the compact radio structure of fourteen RLNLS1 galaxies from Very Long Baseline Array observations at 5 GHz in 2013. Although all these sources are very radio‐loud with R > 100, their jet properties are diverse, in terms of their milliarcsecond (mas) scale (pc scale) morphology and their overall radio spectral shape. The core brightness temperatures of our sources are significantly lower than those of blazars, therefore, the beaming effect is generally not significant in our sources, compared to blazars. This implies that the bulk jet speed may likely be low in our sources. The relationship between RLNLS1s and compact steep‐spectrum sources, and the implications on jet formation are discussed based on the pc‐scale jet properties. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
AGN feedback and star formation in young and old radio galaxies
Authors: Labiano A. , García‐Burillo S. , Combes F. , Usero A. , Soria‐Ruiz R. , Piqueras López J. , Tremblay G. , Hunt L. , Fuente A. , Neri R. , Oosterloo T.
Published: February 2016

Powerful radio galaxies show evidence of ongoing active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback, mainly in the form of fast, massive outflows. Yet, it is not clear how these outflows affect the star formation of their hosts. We investigated the different manifestations of AGN feedback in the evolved 3C 293 radio source, and in the young, reactivated 3C 236. Both sources harbor young star‐forming regions and fast outflows of H I and ionized gas. Due to the different evolution stages of these sources, they are expected to be at different phases of the AGNISM interaction process. Using high spatial resolution observations of CO lines taken with the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer, we studied the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas in these sources, and compared the results with the dust and star‐formation images of the host. We searched for signatures of outflow motions in the CO kinematics, and derived the star formation rate (SFR) and star formation efficiency (SFE) of the host with all available SFR tracers. Based on the gas mass derived from our observations and on the SFR estimates, we compared the star‐formation efficiency of 3C 236 and 3C 293 against a sample of powerful radio galaxies. Our results suggest that the apparently low SFE of evolved radio galaxies is not necessarily due to AGN feedback, but may be caused by an underestimation of the SFR and/or an overestimation of the molecular gas densities in radio galaxies. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biphasic modulation of Wnt signaling supports efficient foregut endoderm formation from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Hoepfner Jeannine , Kleinsorge Mandy , Papp Oliver , Ackermann Mania , Alfken Susanne , Rinas Ursula , Solodenko Wladimir , Kirschning Andreas , Sgodda Malte , Cantz Tobias
Published: February 2016

Pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells) are of great promise in regenerative medicine, including molecular studies of disease mechanisms, if the affected cell type can be authentically generated during in vitro differentiation. Most existing protocols aim to mimic embryonic development steps by the supplementation of specific cytokines and small molecules, but the involved signaling pathways need further exploration. In this study, we investigated enhanced initial activation of Wnt signaling for definitive endoderm formation and subsequent rapid shutdown of Wnt signaling for proper foregut endoderm specification using 3 μM CHIR99021 and 0.5 μg/mL of secreted frizzled‐related protein 5 (sFRP‐5) for biphasic modulation of the Wnt pathway. The definitive endoderm and foregut endoderm differentiation capabilities of Wnt pathway‐modulated cells were determined based on the expression levels of the endodermal transcription factors SOX17 and FOXA2 and those of the transcription activator GATA4 and the α‐fetoprotein (AFP) gene, respectively. Furthermore, the resulting biphasic Wnt pathway modulation was investigated at the protein level by analyzing phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and β‐catenin. Finally, Wnt target gene expression was determined using an improved lentiviral reporter construct that enabled robust T‐cell transcription factor 4 (TCF4)/lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF1)‐mediated luciferase expression in differentiating pluripotent stem cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated robust, homogeneous, and efficient derivation of foregut endodermal cells by inducing a biphasic modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
Six‐month outcomes of the XINSORB bioresorbable sirolimus‐eluting scaffold in treating single de novo lesions in human coronary artery
Authors: Wu Yizhe , Shen Li , Ge Lei , Wang Qibing , Qian Juying , Zhang Feng , Yao Kang , Huang Dong , Chen Yundai , Ge Junbo
Published: February 2016

Objective

We aimed to investigate short‐term outcomes of the XINSORB bioresorbable sirolimus‐eluting scaffold in human coronary artery.

Background

Bioresorbable scaffolds are considered to be the fourth milestone in percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods

Thirty patients with symptomatic ischemic coronary disease were enrolled and treated with the XINSORB scaffolds that were 3.0 × 12, 15, and 18 mm in size. The primary angiographic endpoint was late luminal loss (LLL), whereas the primary clinical endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) at the 6 month follow‐up. In a subset of 19 patients, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed at follow‐up.

Results

The success rates of the procedure and the device were both 100%. Twenty‐seven patients received angiographic follow‐up. All patients were clinically assessed. Neither MACEs nor stent thrombus‐related events were recorded. The percentage of diameter stenosis at follow‐up was similar to that at postprocedure. In‐scaffold and periscaffold LLL were 0.17 ± 0.12 and 0.13 ± 0.24 mm, respectively. No in‐stent restenosis was detected. IVUS showed that the mean areas of the lumen, scaffold, and neointima at follow‐up were 6.27 ± 0.69, 6.48 ± 0.70, and 0.20 ± 0.09 mm2, while in‐device stenosis was 3.1 ± 1.3%. OCT showed that 97.9% of the struts presented a preserved box, while 2.1% had an open box after 6 months. A total of 95.9% of the struts were covered by neointima.

Conclusions

This first‐in‐human study demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of the XINSORB scaffold in treating single de novo coronary lesions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: The HgF2 Ionic Switch: A Triumph of Electrostatics Against Relativistic Odds.
Authors: Donald Kelling J. , Kretz William J. , Omorodion Oluwarotimi
Published: February 2016

DFT calculations (M06‐2X, B97D3, and MP2) indicate that polar covalent bonding in (HgF2)n begins at n = 5.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of a New Hybrid Compound Based on an Iodidoplumbate(II) Anionic Motif.
Authors: Mokhnache Oualid , Boughzala Habib
Published: February 2016

Crystals of the one‐dimensional compound (PipH2)2[PbI5]I·H2O (Pip: piperazine) are obtained by slow evaporation of a solution containing a 1:2 molar mixture of PbI2 and piperazine in a 1:1 molar mixture of EtOH and DMF (25 °C, several weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Dimeric [Mo2S12]2‐ Cluster: A Molecular Analogue of MoS2 Edges for Superior Hydrogen‐Evolution Electrocatalysis.
Authors: Chen Weilin , et al.
Published: February 2016

Crystals of (NH4)2 [Mo2(S2)6]·2H2O are grown from aqueous solutions of (NH4) 6Mo7O24·4H2O and NH2OH·HCl by multiple treatment with (NH4)Sx (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Interpenetration of a 3D Icosahedral M@Ni12 (M: Al, Ga) Framework with Porphyrin‐Reminiscent Boron Layers in MNi9B8.
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Wagner Frank R. , Ormeci Alim , Prots Yurii , Burkhardt Ulrich , Schmidt Marcus , Schnelle Walter , Grin Yuri , Leithe‐Jasper Andreas
Published: February 2016

The new borides AlNi9B8 (I) and GaNi9B8 (II) are prepared by arc melting of the elements with a 5% excess of Ga for loss compensation followed by annealing (alumina crucibles in evacuated quartz tubes, 920 °C (I) or 895 °C (II), 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Confined Acid‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Carbonyl—Ene Cyclization.
Authors: Liu Luping , Leutzsch Markus , Zheng Yiying , Alachraf M. Wasim , Thiel Walter , List Benjamin
Published: February 2016

This is the first organocatalytic asymmetric intramolecular carbonyl—ene reaction of olefinic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Iron—Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene/Core—Shell Catalysts: Efficient Oxidative Dehydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Cui Xinjiang , Li Yuehui , Bachmann Stephan , Scalone Michelangelo , Surkus Annette‐Enrica , Junge Kathrin , Topf Christoph , Beller Matthias
Published: February 2016

The catalyst, which consists of iron oxides surrounded by nitrogen‐doped‐graphene shells immobilized on carbon, is obtained via pyrolysis of iron acetate and phenanthroline followed by a selective leaching process.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Its Application in the C—H Activation of Amines.
Authors: Verma Sanny , Nasir Baig R. B. , Han Changseok , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna N. , Varma Rajender S.
Published: February 2016

Magnetic ferrites are deposited over the layers of graphitic carbon nitride shows high reactivity in the title reaction.The catalyst can be recovered using an external magnet and can be reused with a minimal loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Regioselective Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Inactive C(sp3)—H Bonds with Indole Derivatives.
Authors: Jin Li‐Kun , Wan Li , Feng Jie , Cai Chun
Published: February 2016

The novel Ni‐catalyzed coupling of a wide variety of indoles with 1,4‐dioxane and related compounds (XI) affords either C‐3 or C‐2 substituted products selectively, depending on the catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Geminal Bis(silane)‐Controlled Regio‐ and Stereoselective Oxidative Heck Reaction of Enol Ethers with Terminal Alkenes to Give Push—Pull 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Li Linjie , Chu Yang , Gao Lu , Song Zhenlei
Published: February 2016

The title reaction proceeds with α,β‐coupling to give regioselectivity (Z,E)‐1,3‐dienes (III), (V), (VII)/(VIII) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Cyclodextrin in Water: Highly Facile Biomimetic One Pot Deprotection of Phenolic THP/MOM/Ac/Ts Ethers and Concomitant Regioselective Cyclization of Chalcone Epoxides and 2′‐Aminochalcones.
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Verma Nishant , Ahmed Naseem
Published: February 2016

The novel, green method is much more milder but more enhanced than earlier reported methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Linear [5]Catenanes via Olefin Metathesis Dimerization of Pseudorotaxanes Composed of a [2]Catenane and a Secondary Ammonium Salt
Authors: Iwamoto Hajime , Tafuku Shinji , Sato Yoshihiko , Takizawa Wataru , Katagiri Wataru , Tayama Eiji , Hasegawa Eietsu , Fukazawa Yoshimasa , Haino Takeharu
Published: February 2016

Several catenanes are synthesized by olefin metathesis dimerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkene anti‐Dihydroxylation with Malonoyl Peroxides.
Authors: Alamillo‐Ferrer Carla , Davidson Stuart C. , Rawling Michael J. , Theodoulou Natalie H. , Campbell Matthew , Humphreys Philip G. , Kennedy Alan R. , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O.
Published: February 2016

(E)‐Stilbene and (E)‐β‐methylstyrene derivatives as well as various indene and 1,2‐dihydronaphthalene derivatives are efficiently dihydroxylated to form mixtures of the corresponding syn‐ and anti‐diols, which are separated to furnish the anti‐diols in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Double Activation Method for the Conversion of Vinyl Epoxides into vic‐Amino Alcohols and Chiral Benzoxazine/Quinoxaline Derivatives.
Authors: Srikanth Gourishetty , Ramakrishna Kallaganti V. S. , Sharma Gangavaram V. M.
Published: February 2016

The title conversion is achieved via π‐allyl palladium‐borate complexes generated from Pd(0) catalyst, catechol phenyl borate, amines, and epoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Catalyzed Alkene Cyclopropanation Through Zinc Vinyl Carbenoids Generated from Cyclopropenes.
Authors: Gonzalez Maria J. , Gonzalez Javier , Lopez Luis A. , Vicente Ruben
Published: February 2016

An unprecedented and simple strategy for the catalytic generation of highly functionalized vinylcyclopropanes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Short and Tandem Syntheses of Spiro[2.5]octane‐5,7‐dione and Spiro[3.5]nonane‐6,8‐dione via Diethyl Acetonedicarboxylate.
Authors: Jin Xiangle , Xu Wei , Yang Jinsong , Lu Jun , Fu Yan , Xie Le , Zhu Qian , Dong Weitong
Published: February 2016

The synthesis of the title species (III) and (V) involves cyclization of tricarbonyl compound (I) with acrylates (II) and (VI) followed by decarboxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity Differences of Sc3N@C2n (2n: 68 and 80). Synthesis of the First Methanofullerene Derivatives of Sc3N@D5h—C80.
Authors: Ceron Maira R. , Izquierdo Marta , Alegret Nuria , Valdez Juan A. , Rodriguez‐Fortea Antonio , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Balch Alan L. , Poblet Josep M. , Echegoyen Luis
Published: February 2016

Using a purification method introduced earlier based on redox properties, it is possible to isolate Sc3N@Ih‐C80 and Sc3N@D3h‐C78 and a mixture of Sc3N@D5h‐C80 and Sc3N@D3‐C68.
ChemInform Abstract: A Three‐Component Reaction for the Efficient Construction of the 2′,11b′‐Dihydrospiro[indoline‐3,1′‐pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinoline] Skeleton.
Authors: Sun Jing , Sun Yan , Gong Hui , Yan Chao‐Guo
Published: February 2016

16 Title compounds of type (IV)/(V) are prepared by a three‐component one‐pot reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Novel Dispiro Derivatives via Three‐Component 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions under Ultrasound Irradiation.
Authors: Shi Chunling , Zhou Jun
Published: February 2016

The title reaction of acenaphthenequinone, thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid and (Z)‐5‐benzylidene‐2‐thioxothiaazolidin‐4‐one or (Z)‐5‐benzylidenethiaazolidin‐2,4‐dione efficiently provides a series of new spiro compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Synthesis of Tetra‐Substituted Furans from Alkynes, Weinreb Amides, and Aldehydes.
Authors: Silwal Sajan , Rahaim Ronald J.
Published: February 2016

The three‐component one‐pot reaction proceeds with high levels of regioselectivity and tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Alkylation of 3‐Substituted Benzofuran‐2(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Luo Chao , Zhang Enge , Li Xin
Published: February 2016

Alkylation of benzofuranones (I) with alcohols in the presence of a chiral biscinchona catalyst affords the 3‐alkylated product with good enantioselectivities up to 83% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Relay Gold(I) and Broensted Acid Catalysis: Cyclopenta[b]annulation of Indoles via Hydroamination/Nazarov‐Type Cyclization Cascade of Enynols.
Authors: Dhiman Seema , Ramasastry S. S. V.
Published: February 2016

The utility of the method is demonstrated by its application in the synthesis of complex natural product‐derived structures and indole steroidal conjugates.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Preparation of Pyrrolizidines Using Imines and Isonitriles.
Authors: Kerschgens Isabel P. , Gademann Karl
Published: February 2016

Pyrrolizidines are simply obtained by acid‐mediated annulation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Heteroylhydrazono‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Hassan Alaa A. , Mohamed Nasr K. , Abd El‐Haleem Lamiaa E. , Braese Stefan , Nieger Martin
Published: February 2016

6 Title compounds of type (III) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Water‐Soluble Ligand for Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Huisgen Cycloaddition of Aliphatic Azides and Alkynes.
Authors: Szafranski Przemyslaw W. , Kasza Patryk , Cegla Marek T.
Published: February 2016

Triazole (III) is prepared and successfully employed as novel water‐soluble ligand for the copper‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of azides and alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano‐Copper Catalyzed Three‐Component Tandem Cycloaddition and N‐Alkylation Reaction from Aminophenylacetylenes, Sodium Azide and Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Du Zhengyin , Gang Fangli , Dong Taosheng , Xu Guangli , Fu Ying
Published: February 2016

The reaction tolerates aliphatic halides and benzylic halides, with bromides providing higher yields than chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Domino Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐1,2‐dihydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Hamri W. , Shyshkina O. O. , Tarasiuk T. M. , Volovnenko T. A. , Mesbah K. , Rhouati S. , Volovenko Y. M. , Medviediev V. V. , Shishkin O. V.
Published: February 2016

9 Title compounds of type (III) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Biopolymeric Alginic Acid: An Efficient Recyclable Green Catalyst for the Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Indoles with Isoquinoline‐1,3,4‐triones in Water.
Authors: Srivastava Anvita , Yadav Anubha , Samanta Sampak
Published: February 2016

The operationally simple procedures allow the selective formation of 4‐indolylisoquinoline derivatives as well as symmetrical and unsymmetrical 4,4‐diindolyl substituted products (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Cucurbitane Triterpenoids from Immature Fruits of Momordica charantia
Authors: Li Zhen‐Jie , Chen Jian‐Chao , Deng Yuan‐Yuan , Song Na‐Li , Yu Mu‐Yuan , Zhou Lin , Qiu Ming‐Hua
Published: February 2016

isolation and characterization of kuguacin X (I) and kuguaglycoside I (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobial and Antiinflammatory Compounds from a Marine Fungus Pleosporales sp.
Authors: Chen Chao Jun , Zhou Yi Qin , Liu Xian Xian , Zhang Wen Jing , Hu Sha Sha , Lin Li Ping , Huo Guang Ming , Jiao Rui Hua , Tan Ren Xiang , Ge Hui Ming
Published: February 2016

Pleosporallins A—G (I)—(VII) are isolated from the title fungus.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Chemoenzymatic Catalyst Combinations for One‐Pot Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Applications
Authors: Laangvik Otto , Saloranta Tiina , Murzin Dmitry Yu. , Leino Reko
Published: February 2016

Review: [85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Catalyzed Defunctionalization Reactions
Authors: Modak Atanu , Maiti Debabrata
Published: February 2016

Review: 157 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Frame‐Guided Assembly of Amphiphiles
Authors: Dong Yuanchen , Liu Dongsheng
Published: February 2016

Review: principles, basic requirements, prospects and potential investigations of frame‐guided assembly; 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced 1,1‐Carboboration Reactions with Pentafluorophenylboranes
Authors: Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: February 2016

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Developments of Ketonitrones in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Shi Wei‐Min , Ma Xiao‐Pan , Su Gui‐Fa , Mo Dong‐Liang
Published: February 2016

Review: [42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Synergetic DNA Delivery with Pyridinium Amphiphiles—Gold Nanoparticle Composite Systems Having Different Packing Parameters
Authors: Kizewski Adrian , Ilies Marc A.
Published: February 2016

Review: 35 refs.
The influence of different anticoagulants and time‐delayed sample processing and measurements on human monocyte subset and monocyte‐platelet aggregate analyses
Authors: Ji Wen‐Jie , Lu Rui‐Yi , Liu Jun‐Xiang , Ma Yong‐Qiang , Zeng Shan , Shi Rui , Zhao Ji‐Hong , Chen Shao‐Bo , Zhou Xin , Li Yu‐Ming
Published: February 2016

Background

Measuring human monocyte subsets (CD14++CD16−, CD14++CD16+, and CD14 + CD16++) and subset‐specific monocyte‐platelet aggregates (MPA) is vulnerable to analytical bias due to unavailability of a standardized methodology. We aimed to address this issue by focusing on the impacts of time‐delayed sample processing and measurement between two commonly used anticoagulants.

Methods

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)‐ and sodium citrate (SC)‐anticoagulated blood samples from 12 healthy donors were subject to either delayed (2‐h delay, kept at 4°C) or immediate processing (without fixation) before four‐color flow cytometry (FCM) analysis.

Results

In SC‐anticoagulated samples, a 2‐h delay in sample processing contributed to a significant decrease in CD14++CD16− monocyte percent and a reciprocal increase in CD14++CD16+ monocytes, as well as increases in all three subset‐specific MPA. Similar slight, but non‐significant changes were observed in EDTA‐treated samples. In samples processed immediately and stored at 4°C, delayed measurement at 0, 1, 3, and 5 h after processing led to a time‐dependent decrease in CD14++CD16− monocyte percent and a reciprocal increase in CD14++CD16+ subset in SC‐treated, but not in EDTA‐treated, samples. Moreover, a time‐dependent increase in all three subset‐specific MPA was observed in SC‐treated samples, which, to a lesser extent, was only observed in CD14++CD16+ MPA in EDTA‐treated samples after storage at 4°C for 3–5 h after processing.

Conclusions

We recommend EDTA for anticoagulation. Additionally, sample should be stored at 4°C and processing and measuring should be performed within 2 h after harvest and 3 h after processing, respectively. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Connecting heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and renal dysfunction: the role of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation
Authors: ter Maaten Jozine M. , Damman Kevin , Verhaar Marianne C. , Paulus Walter J. , Duncker Dirk J. , Cheng Caroline , van Heerebeek Loek , Hillege Hans L. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Navis Gerjan , Voors Adriaan A.
Published: February 2016

Renal dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is common and is associated with increased mortality. Impaired renal function is also a risk factor for developing HFpEF. A new paradigm for HFpEF, proposing a sequence of events leading to myocardial remodelling and dysfunction in HFpEF, was recently introduced, involving inflammatory, microvascular, and cardiac components. The kidney might play a key role in this systemic process. Renal impairment causes metabolic and systemic derangements in circulating factors, causing an activated systemic inflammatory state and endothelial dysfunction, which may lead to cardiomyocyte stiffening, hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis via cross‐talk between the endothelium and cardiomyocyte compartments. Here, we review the role of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation to explain the link between renal dysfunction and HFpEF, which allows for identification of new early risk markers, prognostic factors, and unique targets for intervention.
A novel Flt3‐deficient HIS mouse model with selective enhancement of human DC development
Authors: Li Yan , Mention Jean‐Jacques , Court Nathalie , Masse‐Ranson Guillemette , Toubert Antoine , Spits Hergen , Legrand Nicolas , Corcuff Erwan , Strick‐Marchand Helene , Di Santo James P.
Published: February 2016

Humanized mice harboring human immune systems (HIS) represent a platform to study immune responses against pathogens and to screen vaccine candidates and novel immunotherapeutics. Innate and adaptive immune responses are suboptimal in HIS mice, possibly due to poor reconstitution of human antigen‐presenting cells, including dendritic cells (DCs). DC homeostasis is regulated by cytokine availability, and Flt3‐ligand (Flt3L) is one factor that conditions this process. Mouse myelopoiesis is essentially normal in most current HIS models. As such, developing mouse myeloid cells may limit human DC reconstitution by reducing available Flt3L and by cellular competition for specific “niches.” To address these issues, we created a novel HIS model that compromises host myeloid cell development via deficiency in the receptor tyrosine kinase Flk2/Flt3. In Balb/c Rag2−/−Il2rg−/−Flt3−/− (BRGF) recipients, human conventional DCs and plasmacytoid DCs develop from hCD34+ precursors and can be specifically boosted with exogenous Flt3L. Human DCs that develop in this context normally respond to TLR stimulation, and improved human DC homeostasis is associated with increased numbers of human NK and T cells. This new HIS‐DC model should provide a means to dissect human DC differentiation and represents a novel platform to screen immune adjuvants and DC targeting therapies.
Methylation in benign prostate and risk of disease progression in men subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer
Authors: Rybicki Benjamin A. , Rundle Andrew , Kryvenko Oleksandr N. , Mitrache Nicoleta , Do Kieu C. , Jankowski Michelle , Chitale Dhananjay A. , Trudeau Sheri , Belinsky Steven A. , Tang Deliang
Published: February 2016

In DNA from prostate tumors, methylation patterns in gene promoter regions can be a biomarker for disease progression. It remains unclear whether methylation patterns in benign prostate tissue—prior to malignant transformation—may provide similar prognostic information. To determine whether early methylation events predict prostate cancer outcomes, we evaluated histologically benign prostate specimens from 353 men who eventually developed prostate cancer and received “definitive” treatment [radical prostatectomy (58%) or radiation therapy (42%)]. Cases were drawn from a large hospital‐based cohort of men with benign prostate biopsy specimens collected between 1990 and 2002. Risk of disease progression associated with methylation was estimated using time‐to‐event analyses. Average follow‐up was over 5 years; biochemical recurrence (BCR) occurred in 91 cases (26%). In White men, methylation of the APC gene was associated with increased risk of BCR, even after adjusting for standard clinical risk factors for prostate cancer progression (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.26; 95%CI 1.23–4.16). APC methylation was most strongly associated with a significant increased risk of BCR in White men with low prostate specific antigen at cohort entry (HR = 3.66; 95%CI 1.51–8.85). In additional stratified analyses, we found that methylation of the RARB gene significantly increased risk of BCR in African American cases who demonstrated methylation of at least one of the other four genes under study (HR = 3.80; 95%CI 1.07–13.53). These findings may have implications in the early identification of aggressive prostate cancer as well as reducing unnecessary medical procedures and emotional distress for men who present with markers of indolent disease.
Susceptibility of metallic magnesium implants to bacterial biofilm infections
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Imran , Rohde Manfred , Rais Bushra , Seitz Jan‐Marten , Mueller Peter P.
Published: February 2016

Magnesium alloys have promising mechanical and biological properties as biodegradable medical implant materials for temporary applications during bone healing or as vascular stents. Whereas conventional implants are prone to colonization by treatment resistant microbial biofilms in which bacteria are embedded in a protective matrix, magnesium alloys have been reported to act antibacterial in vitro. To permit a basic assessment of antibacterial properties of implant materials in vivo an economic but robust animal model was established. Subcutaneous magnesium implants were inoculated with bacteria in a mouse model. Contrary to the expectations, bacterial activity was enhanced and prolonged in the presence of magnesium implants. Systemic antibiotic treatments were remarkably ineffective, which is a typical property of bacterial biofilms. Biofilm formation was further supported by electron microscopic analyses that revealed highly dense bacterial populations and evidence for the presence of extracellular matrix material. Bacterial agglomerates could be detected not only on the implant surface but also at a limited distance in the peri‐implant tissue. Therefore, precautions may be necessary to minimize risks of metallic magnesium‐containing implants in prospective clinical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1489–1499, 2016.
Ureas as a New Nucleophilic Reagents for SNAr Amination and Carbamoyl Amination Reactions in 1,3,7‐Triazapyrene Series
Authors: Borovlev Ivan , Demidov Oleg , Amangasieva Gulminat , Avakyan Elena , Kurnosova Nadezhda
Published: February 2016

The ability of urea anions to react as nucleophiles with alkoxy derivatives of 1,3,7‐triazapyrenes has been investigated. It was found that against all expectations, the products of the substitution of an alkoxy groups (SNipso) by amino group were isolated in good yields. The reactions proceed in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide solution at room temperature. But when anions of the mono‐substituted ureas containing bulky substituents were used, the first products of the earlier unknown SNAr reactions of alkyl carbamoyl amination were obtained.