bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of national diagnostic reference levels for full field digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis in Lebanon
Authors: Nassar J. , Rizk C. , Farah J. , Fares G.
Published: August 2023

This study aims to establish Lebanese national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) for full field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Data were collected from 34% of the total number of health facilities with FFDM and/or DBT units in Lebanon. NDRLs were set as the third quartile of mammography units’ median value of average glandular dose (AGD). NDRLs for different compressed breast thickness (CBT) and age groups were also proposed. Statistical analysis were performed to test the difference of AGD between cranio caudal (CC) and medio lateral oblique (MLO) views, FFDM and DBT, and AGD across health facilities, CBT and age groups. Data from 2803 women with a total of 10462 images were included in the study. For FFDM and DBT, NDRLs for CC and MLO views were equal to 1.85 and 2.24 mGy, and 2.65 and 3.04 mGy, respectively. Lebanese NDRLs were higher than most published DRLs while remaining below the European Commission’s maximum acceptable dose level (2.5 mGy) for FFDM. AGD increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increase in CBT for both views and techniques. This first set of mammography DRLs reveals the need for optimizing the radiation exposure in Lebanon and will serve as a national/international benchmark.
Leben mit Beatmung gestalten
Authors: Münstermann Uta
Published: August 2023

Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene, die auf eine Beatmung angewiesen sind, benötigen Mitmenschen, die durch intensivmedizinische, therapeutische, pflegerische und pädagogische Maßnahmen das Befriedigen ihrer elementaren Bedürfnisse im Alltag sichern. Wie fachkompetente Pflegende, die ihnen ein (Über-)Leben und Alltag ermöglichen – beispielsweise beim Start in den Tag, während des Homeschoolings oder aber, um Feste wie Karneval zu feiern.
The Natural History of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes: From Phenotype to Genotype? Where Do We Stand and What Does the Future Hold?
Authors: Church James
Published: August 2023

Applying the concept of a “natural history” to hereditary colorectal cancer is an interesting exercise because the way the syndromes are approached has changed so drastically. However, the exercise is instructive as it forces us to think in depth about where we are, where we have been, and, most helpfully, about where we may be going. In this article the diagnosis, along with endoscopic and surgical management of hereditary colorectal cancer are discussed in the context of their history and the changes in genomics and technology that have occurred over the last one hundred years.
European Paediatric Surgeons' Association Consensus Statement on the Management of Neonatal Ovarian Simple Cysts
Authors: Saxena Amulya K. , Mutanen Annika , Gorter Ramon , Conforti Andrea , Bagolan Pietro , De Coppi Paolo , Soyer Tutku ,   the European Paediatric Surgeons' Association
Published: August 2023

Introduction Neonatal ovarian simple cyst management from the pediatric surgical aspect is unclear on cyst size, follow-up, and preferred surgical approach. Therefore, this topic was selected for the 2022 Consensus Session meeting of the European Paediatric Surgeons' Association (EUPSA).

Methods The literature was reviewed on a predefined set of questions relating to the management of the neonatal ovarian simple cysts by a panel of 7 EUPSA members, on current evidence-based opinion and practice outlined. Each question (1) outcomes of fetal interventions in neonates after birth and consensus on size/timing of intervention, (2) consensus on the type of interventions, and (3) complications in neonatal ovarian cysts and follow-up recommendations in nonoperated/operated cysts, was presented with available evidence to congress session participants. The management approach was agreed by participants and comments were accounted to formulate the consensus statement.

Results There is still limited data on potential benefits and complications of prenatal ultrasound-guided aspiration; however, neonates after such procedures should be followed for 6 months. Neonates with simple ovarian cysts larger than 4 cm should be offered surgical interventions within the 2 weeks of life with complete laparoscopic cyst aspiration and fenestration with bipolar instruments being the preferred approach. Ultrasound follow-up after surgical intervention after 3 months and with the conservative approach after every 3 to 4 months until 1 year.

Conclusion A peer-reviewed consensus statement for the management of neonatal ovarian simple cyst was formulated based on current evidence and peer practice. The EUPSA recognizes that the statement can be useful for pediatric surgeons in decision making for this pathology.
Comparative analysis of the behavioral intention of potential wellness tourists in China and South Korea
Authors: Zhou Yang , Liu Ligang , Han Sanghyun , Sun Xiao
Published: August 2023

The main aim of this study is to develop and test a comprehensive model that can predict the tourism intention of potential wellness tourists. The study also investigates the mediating effect of attitude and discusses differences in the behavioral intentions of potential wellness tourists between China and South Korea. The data were collected via questionnaire surveys, and structural equation modeling was used as an analysis tool. The results reveal that perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits can significantly, positively influence the behavioral intention of potential wellness tourists in South Korea, while perceived barriers have a negative impact on that of potential wellness tourists in China; in both samples, perceived susceptibility and benefits can have a positive impact on attitude. Moreover, in South Korea, attitude had a significant mediating effect among perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and behavioral intention. This study enriches and expands the literature on the behavioral intention of potential wellness tourists, use of the health belief model (HBM), and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and provides a theoretical basis as well as a scientific decision-making reference for wellness tourism management and relevant stakeholders.
Modes of unsteadiness in shock wave and separation region interaction in hypersonic flow over a double wedge geometry
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , De Ashoke
Published: August 2023

This study investigates different modes of unsteadiness that could be seen in a hypersonic flow over a double wedge configuration with a large separation region size. In the previous studies with a double wedge or a double cone configuration, small turn angles of the surfaces are seen to produce a small separation region that does not interact with the outside shock structures and produce a steady flow. However, a large separation region can be observed with large wedge angles that could interact with the outside shock waves and produce different types of unsteady flows. Some recent numerical studies on the double wedge configuration with a large fore-wedge angle (θ1) of 30° and various aft-wedge angles (θ2) at the free-stream flow Mach number (M∞) of 7 have shown that the flow exhibits periodically oscillating states. The current study investigates this geometric configuration over the parameter space of wedge length ratios (L1/L2) of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 and aft-wedge angles (θ2) of 45°, 50°, 55°, and 60°. Three modes of unsteadiness are observed, namely, vibration mode, oscillation mode, and pulsation mode. The effect of the variation in geometric parameters on switching between different modes of unsteadiness is assessed, and it is shown that the unsteady characteristics of the flow are determined by the size of the separation region and location of the shock waves with respect to it.
Creation of streaks using heating patterns
Authors: Panday S. , Floryan J. M.
Published: August 2023

Streaks and rolls are of interest in mixing intensification. It is shown that they can be created in a controlled manner in fully developed shear layers using spatially distributed heating with their spatial distribution dictated by the heating pattern. The method works for any Reynolds number and any heating intensity. The energy costs of streak formation were determined for laminar flows both in terms of additional pressure losses required to drive the same flow rate in the heated and isothermal channels and in terms of the reduction of the flow rate if the pressure gradient remained unaltered. Streak-increased heat transfer across the shear layer has been determined. The creation of streaks using the Rayleigh–Bénard instability was studied for completeness—a heating intensity exceeding the critical Rayleigh number was required, with the spatial structure of the streaks dictated by the critical wavenumber.
Spatiotemporal measurements of striations in a glow discharge’s positive column using laser-collisional induced fluorescence
Authors: White Z. K. , Gott R. P. , Bentz B. Z. , Xu K. G.
Published: August 2023

We have observed the behavior of striations caused by ionization waves propagating in low-pressure helium DC discharges using the non-invasive laser-collision induced fluorescence (LCIF) diagnostic. To achieve this, we developed an analytic fit of collisional radiative model (CRM) predictions to interpret the LCIF data and recover quantitative two-dimensional spatial maps of the electron density, ne, and the ratios of LCIF emission states that can be correlated with Te with the use of accurate distribution functions at localized positions within striated helium discharges at 500 mTorr, 750 mTorr, and 1 Torr. To our knowledge, these are the first spatiotemporal, laser-based, experimental measurements of ne in DC striations. The ne and 447:588 ratio distributions align closely with striation theory. Constriction of the positive column appears to occur with decreased gas pressure, as shown by the radial ne distribution. We identify a transition from a slow ionization wave to a fast ionization wave between 750 mTorr and 1 Torr. These experiments validate our analytic fit of ne, allowing the implementation of an LCIF diagnostic in helium without the need to develop a CRM.
Transient flow modeling in viscoelastic pipes: A comprehensive review of literature and analysis
Authors: Tjuatja Vincent , Keramat Alireza , Pan Bin , Duan Huan-Feng , Brunone Bruno , Meniconi Silvia
Published: August 2023

Water hammer or flow transients occur due to a sudden variation (over time) in flow properties that can lead to pipe system failure or damage. In addition, research on wave propagation and signal processing theories has developed different ways to detect anomalies in pipe systems. The two developments concerning pipe system safety and damage localization are of essential need in viscoelastic (VE) pipes, as their application in various industries is growing, given their favorable mechanical properties. With no literature review focusing on the topic, this paper aims to fill the current literary gap on transient waves in VE pipes. It highlights developments in the research field and elaborates on relevant water hammer concepts in VE pipes, including mathematical modeling, experimental setups, numerical solutions, parameter calibration, defect detection, and surge control. The comprehensive review concludes that a reliable transient wave model in viscoelastic pipes is yet to be fully confirmed despite the significant progress in the recent two decades.
Morphology evolution and dynamics of sliding nanodroplets under external forces: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Liu Wenbin , Zhang Jianguo , Liu Hong
Published: August 2023

The effects of external forces and surface wetting properties on the directional motion of nanodroplets are studied through molecular dynamics simulations. We find that when droplet motion reaches a steady state, the steady velocity shows an unusual relationship with the external force such that the profile has two nearly linear regimes. This behavior differs from previous experimental and theoretical results. The underlying mechanism of the two linear regimes is explored and is closely related to the two distinct regimes of droplet deformation. The transition between these two regimes can be roughly determined by a value of approximately 1.2 in terms of the ratio of Le*L0* or Se*S0*. In addition, we observe an interesting phenomenon, a “caterpillar-crawling-like motion,” rarely reported in experiments thus far, which involves periodical oscillations in both the droplet shape and the velocity of the center of mass of the droplet. Moreover, we construct a dynamic phase diagram to describe the correlation between the transition of dynamics and the morphological transition among various shapes (nearly round, corner-like, pear-like, zucchini-like, calabash-like, and rivulet-like).
Interaction between a free-falling sphere and structure dynamics in a heterogeneous thixotropic fluid
Authors: Koochi H. , Mac Intyre Jonatan , Korhonen M. , Puisto A. , Maleki-Jirsaraei N. , Alava M. J.
Published: August 2023

The impact of thixotropy on the settling behavior of a solid sphere is investigated utilizing a finite element-computational fluid dynamics simulation. Flow behavior is evaluated by coupling the Navier–Stokes equations with the dynamic evolution of an initially heterogeneous fluid's microstructure. Studying the structure dynamics around the settling sphere allows us to identify a variety of irregular and linear settling regimes. Settling regimes are varied by the degree of structuring, the degree of associated heterogeneity, the local morphology of the heterogeneous microstructure, and the stress induced by the sphere. In addition, the settling velocity profile of the relatively light spheres temporarily fluctuates in a case where the settling time of the sphere is long enough to capture the local heterogeneity. Ultimately, we compare the results of the simulation of dropping spheres with those of the numerical simulation of different rheological tests. This illustrates that the competition between kernels of orthokinetic and perikinetic build-up and shear-induced break-down of the microstructure indeed allows an understanding of the connection between the fluids' flow curve and the settling behaviors. Furthermore, settling regimes are characterized based on the rates of build-up and break-down of the microstructure. Moreover, the loss of fore-aft symmetry is observed in the flow field around the settling sphere as a result of a viscosity gradient behind and ahead of the sphere.
Dynamical property and triadic interaction of Beltrami-type rotating waves
Authors: González Rafael , Sarasua Gustavo , Vigh Carlos D.
Published: August 2023

In this work, on the one hand, we continue with the study of the dynamic property of Beltrami flows [R. González, “Dynamics of non-axisymmetric Beltrami flows,” Phys. Fluids 26, 114104 (2014)], extending its scopes to non-stationary flows in the rotating system, which allowed us to classify the rotating waves on the basis of their phase velocities. On the other hand, and in accordance with this classification, we study the resonant triadic interaction of these waves. For this purpose, we use the expansion in a Chandrasekhar–Kendall basis for an infinite tube, in an analogous procedure to the one carried out by Waleffe [“The nature of triad interactions in homogeneous turbulence,” Phys. Fluids A 4, 350–363 (1992)], to study the interaction of plane Beltrami waves. Taking an equilibrium of the resulting non-linear equations for the amplitudes of the waves, we consider their linear and non-linear stability. Regarding their linear stability, we see that unlike plane Beltrami waves, their stability depends not only on the relative helicities but also on an interaction factor that depends on the properties and the co-rotating or counter-rotating character of the interacting waves. On the other hand, for non-linear stability dependent on the same parameters as those of linear stability, we find, for one case of analysis, that there is non-linear instability only for some interactions of two co-rotating waves with a counter-rotating one and we exhibit criteria that are sufficient conditions of non-linear stability or non-linear instability.
Generating tunable multi-orbital angular momentum mode vortex beams by intracavity edge diffraction modulation
Authors: Wang Chencheng , Wang Guanxue , Dong Xiangmei , Gao Xiumin , Liu Yi , Zhuang Songlin
Published: August 2023

In the past three decades, vortex beams (VBs) with orbital angular momentum (OAM) have attracted extensive attention in the fields of optical manipulation, image processing, optical communication, and optical measurement. Here, we demonstrate the generation of multi-OAM mode VBs using an intracavity diffraction edge modulation method by selectively “clipping” the high-order modes of the optical field through variable aperture diaphragms and variable slits. Multi-OAM mode VBs with 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 vortices are generated, and the phase singularities in vortices are verified through interference experiments. We propose the principle of intracavity mode superposition and obtain the corresponding intensity and phase profiles by simulation. The generated VBs can maintain stable OAM propagation within the range of 83 mm. This work breaks the traditional understanding of generating multi-OAM mode VBs and provides guidance for the design of special vortex laser devices.
Photodissociation dynamics of methylamine in the blue edge of the A-band. II. The NH2 + CH3 channel
Authors: Cachón Javier , Recio Pedro , Zanchet Alexandre , Marggi Poullain Sonia , Bañares Luis
Published: August 2023

The photodissociation dynamics leading to the C–N bond cleavage in methylamine (CH3NH2) are investigated upon photoexcitation in the blue edge of the first absorption A-band, in the 198–204 nm range. Velocity map images of the generated methyl (CH3) fragment detected in specific vibrational modes, i.e., ν = 0, ν1 = 1, and ν2 = 1, through resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization, are presented along with the corresponding translational energy distributions and the angular analysis. The experimental results are complemented by high-level ab initio calculations of potential energy curves as a function of the C–N bond distance. While a similar single Boltzmann-type contribution is observed in all the translational energy distributions measured, the speed-dependent anisotropy parameter obtained through the angular analysis reveals the presence of two different mechanisms. Prompt dissociation through the conical intersection between the Ã1A′ first excited state and the ground state located in the exit channel is, indeed, revealed as a minor channel. In contrast, slow dissociation on the ground state, presumably from frustrated N–H bond cleavage trajectories, constitutes the major reaction pathway leading to the methyl formation.
Fast prediction method of displacement front in heterogeneous porous media using deep learning and orthogonal design
Authors: Zhao Dong , Hou Jian , Wei Bei , Liu Haihu , Du Qingjun , Zhang Yang , Sun Zezheng
Published: August 2023

Heterogeneity plays a vital role in the micro-flow through porous media, but experimentally observing the flow details is time-consuming. This study provides a fast method for displacement front prediction in various heterogeneous porous media based on deep learning and orthogonal design. It uses the orthogonal design to generate displacement schemes with different permeability contrasts, capillary numbers, and viscosity ratios and utilizes the lattice Boltzmann simulation to obtain the datasets of displacement front at breakthrough. The prediction network is then established based on the U-Net structure. Finally, the displacement fronts of porous media with various heterogeneities are predicted. Compared to training with a dataset generated by random sampling, this method can halve the time required to establish the dataset and network training without compromising accuracy. Three orders of magnitude reduce the time necessary for network prediction compared to the lattice Boltzmann simulation. The results indicated that the total water saturation decreases as the permeability contrast increases and the water saturation and front position ratios rise. As the permeability contrast grows, the influence of the capillary number and viscosity ratio on the water saturation and front position ratios becomes more pronounced. And the influence of the viscosity ratio on total water saturation is more significant in low permeability contrast porous media. This research is helpful for the study of microscopic channeling and remaining oil distribution and further guides reservoir development.
Solving quantum billiard eigenvalue problems with physics-informed machine learning
Authors: Holliday Elliott G. , Lindner John F. , Ditto William L.
Published: August 2023

A particle confined to an impassable box is a paradigmatic and exactly solvable one-dimensional quantum system modeled by an infinite square well potential. Here, we explore some of its infinitely many generalizations to two dimensions, including particles confined to rectangle-, ellipse-, triangle-, and cardioid-shaped boxes using physics-informed neural networks. In particular, we generalize an unsupervised learning algorithm to find the particles’ eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, even in cases where the eigenvalues are degenerate. During training, the neural network adjusts its weights and biases, one of which is the energy eigenvalue, so that its output approximately solves the stationary Schrödinger equation with normalized and mutually orthogonal eigenfunctions. The same procedure solves the Helmholtz equation for the harmonics and vibration modes of waves on drumheads or transverse magnetic modes of electromagnetic cavities. Related applications include quantum billiards, quantum chaos, and Laplacian spectra.
Stall margin evaluation and data mining based multi-objective optimization design of casing treatment for an axial compressor rotor
Authors: Chi Zhidong , Chu Wuli , Zhang Haoguang , Zhang Ziyun
Published: August 2023

Casing treatment is an effective passive technology for improving the compressor stability. However, the current design methods for the casing treatment rely excessively on trial and error experiences, presenting significant challenges to actual engineering applications. In this paper, we propose a multi-objective optimization design method based on stall margin evaluation and data mining to enhance the stability of axial compressor rotors. We have developed a multi-objective optimization platform that combines geometric parameterization, mesh generation, numerical calculations, optimization algorithms, and other relevant components. To optimize six design variables and two objective functions, we have implemented two optimization strategies based on direct stall margin calculation and stall margin evaluation. The optimization results revealed that optimal casing treatment structures can be obtained by considering both compressor stability and efficiency. Furthermore, we employed data mining of self-organizing maps to explain the tradeoffs from the optimal solutions. The aerodynamic analysis demonstrated that the casing treatment enhances stability by restricting negative axial momentum of tip leakage flow and reducing passage blockage. Four categories of stall margin evaluation parameters were quantified, and their effectiveness was assessed through a correlation analysis. Finally, we used the axial momentum of the tip leakage flow-related evaluation parameter for the optimization of stall margin evaluation. Compared with direct stall margin calculation-based optimization, the evaluation of the parameter-based optimization method effectively predicted the stability enhancement of casing treatment while revealing the optimal geometric features. It suggests that the stall margin evaluation-based optimization method should be utilized in the initial optimization process of casing treatment due to its advantages in the optimization speed.
Atomic gravimeter robust to environmental effects
Authors: Panda Cristian D. , Tao Matt , Ceja Miguel , Reynoso Andrew , Müller Holger
Published: August 2023

Atomic accelerometers and gravimeters are usually based on freely falling atoms in atomic fountains, which not only limits their size but also their robustness to environmental factors, such as tilts, magnetic fields, and vibrations. Such limitations have precluded their broad adoption in the field, for geophysics, geology, and inertial navigation. More recently, atom interferometers based on holding atoms in an optical lattice have been developed. Such gravimeters also suppress the influence of vibrations in the frequency range of ∼1 Hz and above by several orders of magnitude relative to conventional atomic gravimeters. Here, we show that such interferometers are robust to tilts of more than 8 mrad with respect to the vertical and can suppress the effect of even strong environmental magnetic fields and field gradients by using atoms in the F=3, 4 hyperfine ground states as co-magnetometers, potentially eliminating the need for shielding. We demonstrate gravimeter sensitivity of 0.7 mGal/Hz (1 mGal = 10 μm/s2) in a compact geometry where atoms only travel over millimeters of space.
Numerical study of liquid–liquid displacement in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media
Authors: Zotelle Ayrton Cavallini , Siqueira Renato do Nascimento , Soares Edson José , Deoclecio Lucas H. P.
Published: August 2023

Immiscible liquid–liquid displacement is a fundamental problem in fluid mechanics and has many applications like, for instance, enhanced oil recovery. One of the most valuable methods to increase oil recovery is injecting a fluid into the reservoir to displace the oil, and the primary motivation of this work is to evaluate the liquid–liquid displacement in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media. We carried out a direct numerical simulation of liquid–liquid displacement in three different porous media: medium I, II, and III. The medium I is homogeneous. Medium II is heterogeneous, in which the diameter of the spheres reduces from the bottom to the top boundary. Finally, in medium III, the diameter of the spheres is randomly distributed all over the domain. The three media were composed of spheres and had the same mean porosity. We tracked the liquid interface front over time until the breakthrough to compute the mass entrapped as a function of viscosity ratio and capillary number. The sweep efficiency increases when the displacing liquid viscosity also increases. The role played by the capillary number is more complex. In medias I and II, the entrapped mass rises with the capillary number. For a specific condition in medium III, when the displacing liquid is more viscous than the displaced one, the opposite can occur, i.e., the entrapped mass decreases with the capillary number. Beyond the capillary number and viscosity ratio, the sweep efficiency strongly depends on the kind of medium. Mainly, the entrapped liquid is smaller in the homogeneous medium.
Moister soils at elevated CO2 stimulate root biomass but suppress aboveground biomass production in Lolium perenne
Authors: Hovenden Mark J. , Sinclair Amanda L. , Brinkhoff Rose E. , Stevenson Kate , Brown Zachary A. , Porter Meagan , Flittner Anna , Nyberg Marion , Rawnsley Richard P.
Published: August 2023

Context Increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) drive increases in biomass production via impacts on photosynthesis and water use. In grasslands, the scale of this stimulation is related to soil water availability. Recently, it has become clear that the way precipitation controls elevated CO2 (eCO2) effects on grassland biomass is strongly seasonal but no mechanism yet exists to explain these observations. Aims The aims of this study were to determine how seasonal water availability affects aboveground, belowground and total biomass responses of a perennial ryegrass pasture to [CO2]. Methods We established the TasFACE2 experiment in a well-fertilised perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) monoculture with four seasonal irrigation schedules and three [CO2]. Key results The total biomass production of perennial ryegrass pasture was strongly stimulated by eCO2, but this extra biomass was preferentially allocated to belowground growth. The relationship between soil water content and aboveground biomass varied seasonally but there was a strong positive relationship between soil water content and root biomass production in all seasons. Conclusions Increases in soil moisture caused by eCO2 contributed to increases in root growth, but root biomass production was also stimulated directly by eCO2. Restriction of irrigation, therefore, suppressed the belowground response to eCO2 and created a non-linear response of biomass to CO2 concentration. Implications Antagonistic above- and belowground responses mean that the rising [CO2] might not increase pasture production in the manner generally predicted.
Exploring patients’ advance care planning needs during the annual 75+ health assessment: survey of Australian GPs’ views and current practice
Authors: Rhee Joel , Carey Mariko , Zucca Alison , Lambkin David
Published: August 2023

Background The 75+ health assessment has been identified as a suitable trigger to introduce advance care planning (ACP) to general practice patients. Australian general practitioners (GPs) were surveyed to explore their perceptions, attitudes and practices in introducing ACP during 75+ health assessments. Methods A cross-sectional postal survey of Australian GPs covering their personal, professional and workplace characteristics, their current practice regarding ACP within a 75+ health assessment, and their attitude towards ACP. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the factors associated with routinely discussing ACP as part of the 75+ health assessment. Results A total of 185 (19.2%) out of 964 eligible GPs returned a completed survey. Most GPs reported that patients interested in ACP were supported by the GPs or the practice nurse. Two factors, (1) attitude that ACP is an essential component of the 75+ health assessment, and (2) regional or rural location of the practice, had a statistically and clinically significant association with the GP’s self-reported discussion of ACP during 75+ health assessments. Conclusions GPs showed a high level of support and involvement in discussing ACP during 75+ health assessments. ACP support during 75+ health assessments was often provided directly by the GP or via the practice nurse. Given the international evidence that ACP training programs improve skills and knowledge, and foster positive attitudes towards ACP, there is an important need to continue funding ACP training programs for GPs and practice nurses.
Tejas functions as a core component in nuage assembly and precursor processing in Drosophila piRNA biogenesis
Authors: Lin Yuxuan , Suyama Ritsuko , Kawaguchi Shinichi , Iki Taichiro , Kai Toshie
Published: August 2023

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which protect genome from the attack by transposons, are produced and amplified in membraneless granules called nuage. In Drosophila, PIWI family proteins, Tudor-domain-containing (Tdrd) proteins, and RNA helicases are assembled and form nuage to ensure piRNA production. However, the molecular functions of the Tdrd protein Tejas (Tej) in piRNA biogenesis remain unknown. Here, we conduct a detailed analysis of the subcellular localization of fluorescently tagged nuage proteins and behavior of piRNA precursors. Our results demonstrate that Tej functions as a core component that recruits Vasa (Vas) and Spindle-E (Spn-E) into nuage granules through distinct motifs, thereby assembling nuage and engaging precursors for further processing. Our study also reveals that the low-complexity region of Tej regulates the mobility of Vas. Based on these results, we propose that Tej plays a pivotal role in piRNA precursor processing by assembling Vas and Spn-E into nuage and modulating the mobility of nuage components.
On the equivalence of the X-ray scattering retrieval with beam tracking and analyser-based imaging using a synchrotron source
Authors: Peiffer C , Brombal L , Maughan Jones C J , Arfelli F , Astolfo A , Dreossi D , Endrizzi M , Hagen C K , Mazzolani A , Menk R , Rigon L , Olivo A , Munro P R T
Published: August 2023

X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) methods give access to contrast mechanisms that are based on the refractive properties of matter on top of the absorption coefficient in conventional x-ray imaging. Ultra small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) is a phase contrast mechanism that arises due to multiple refraction events caused by physical features of a scale below the physical resolution of the used imaging system. USAXS contrast can therefore give insight into subresolution structural information, which is an ongoing research topic in the vast field of different XPCI techniques. In this study, we quantitatively compare the USAXS signal retrieved by the beam tracking XPCI technique with the gold standard of the analyzer based imaging XPCI technique using a synchrotron x-ray source. We find that, provided certain conditions are met, the two methods measure the same quantity.
Use of partial discharges measurements and video recordings to investigate the influence of relative humidity on zinc oxide subjected to high electric fields
Authors: Fagnard Jean-François , Boilet Laurent , Erauw Jean-Pierre , Henrotte François , Geuzaine Christophe , Vertruyen Bénédicte , Vanderbemden Philippe
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the influence of humidity on the high voltage behaviour of zinc oxide porous pellets at room temperature, using the phase resolved partial discharge (PRPD) method. The experimental configuration corresponds to the one that would be used for flash sintering cylindrical ZnO pellets at low temperatures in possibly scalable conditions: planar Pt electrodes without Pt paste. The study explores the incubation period by increasing the 50 Hz AC electric field up to 8 kV cm−1 (applied by steps or with a continuous ramp) in an air atmosphere with varying relative humidity (RH). Experiments were repeated on several samples and showed that the maximum amplitude of PDs decreased while their number increased as the RH increased. With the support of video recording of the experiments, different characteristics in the PD pattern evolution with increasing AC voltage could be attributed to various locations between the electrodes, at the sample surface, or at the interface with the electrodes. By examining the PRPDs, it was possible to identify two distinct types of PDs having different thresholds of inception: one type corresponds to PDs occurring mostly at the triple junction ‘ZnO-platinum-air’ or in the ZnO-electrodes gap and depends strongly on the RH level and; the other type corresponds to electric arcs between the electrodes, with an inception threshold much less affected by the RH level.
The novel Co-doped MoO3 microwave absorber prepared by heat treatment
Authors: Zhang Xuejun , Qamar Tauqeer Haidar , Peng Sen , Li Chen , Liu Sheng , He Jun , Huang Shengxiang , Gao Xiaohui , Deng Lianwen
Published: August 2023

The Co doped α-MoO3 microwave absorbers were prepared by heat treatment technology. The oxygen vacancy, conductivity, and electromagnetic (EM) parameters of the material could be manipulated by changing the heat treatment temperature. The microwave absorption mechanism was explored. X-ray diffraction, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and vector network analyzer were used to characterize the Co-doped α-MoO3 samples. The orthorhombic phases and scale-layer rod-like structure were observed to favor absorption via multiple transmission paths to EM waves. Notably, the material prepared by heat treatment at 500 °C exhibits a synergistic effect of magnetic and dielectric loss, due to its proper conductivity, rich interfaces and magnetism. The effective absorption bandwidth reaches 2.4 GHz.
Polarization and direction-of-arrival estimations based on orthogonally polarized digital programmable metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Jia Wei , Huang Zi Ai , Wan Xiang , Wang Wen Hao , Li Bai Yang , Li Jie , Xiao Qiang , Li Wei Han , Cui Tie Jun
Published: August 2023

A technology is presented in this work to realize both direction-of-arrival and polarization estimations based on a digital programmable metasurfaces (DPMs). For direction-of-arrival estimation, the orthogonal components of incoming waves are estimated by the metasurfaces in orthogonal directions respectively. The intensities and phases of the estimated orthogonal components are then used to estimate polarization states of the incoming waves. Both simulations and measurements have verified the effectiveness of the presented technology. It is expected that this work will promote applications of DPMs in mobile communication and sensing.
Disorder enhanced dynamical heterogeneity in strain glass alloys
Authors: Tao Xuefei , Zong Hongxiang
Published: August 2023

An open question related to strain-glass (STG) alloys is whether they process similar dynamical behaviors to other glass systems. In the present work, we investigate the reorientation process of martensite domains in both STG and martensitic alloys. Our results show the presence of highly doped point defects can greatly intensify the dynamical heterogeneity and spatiotemporal correlation in ferroelastic or shape memory alloy systems, which are also two main hallmarks of structural glasses. What’s more, we find that such dynamic heterogeneity exists in a different range spanning microscopic to mesoscopic scales, indicated by our molecular dynamic simulations and time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau modeling. Dopant atoms induced transient strain networks, i.e. spatial correlated local lattice distortion, is a response for such heterogeneous dynamics. The present study thus solidifies STG as a new state of matter and may provide guidelines for developing new STG alloys.
Coherent magnetic and electronic structure symmetry broken in frustrated bilayer Kagome ferromagnet Fe3Sn2
Authors: Li Hang , Ding Bei , Chen Jie , Xi Xuekui , Zhang Hongwei , Lau Yong-Chang , Wang Wenhong
Published: August 2023

In this letter, by measuring resistivity and magnetization with magnetic field H rotated in ab plane and current I along c axis, we studied the magnetic and electronic structure symmetry of frustrated topological bilayer Kagome ferromagnet Fe3Sn2. We observed that the curves of the resistivity and magnetization both showed broken two-fold symmetry from 5 K to 380 K. The further analysis indicates that there is a close causality between the spin arrangement and the electronic states in Fe3Sn2 even above room temperature. These phenomena are closely related to the change in spin–orbit coupling (SOC) under the magnetic field. Our experimental results suggest that Fe3Sn2 is an ideal platform to study the influence of spin arrangement on electronic state in topological materials and can also be used to design next generation magnetic devices by modulating SOC at external magnetic field.
Chemical short-range order in liquid Ni–Cu
Authors: Holland-Moritz Dirk , Yang Fan , Hansen Thomas C , Kargl Florian
Published: August 2023

Neutron diffraction in combination with isotopic substitution on the zero-scatterer 62Ni43
63Cu57 shows indications for chemical short-range order in the stable liquid as evidenced by oscillations in the concentration–concentration structure factor S
CC(q). This points towards a non-ideal solution behavior of Ni–Cu contrary to common believe but in agreement with measurements of free enthalpy of mixing. The temperature dependence of S
CC at small momentum transfer provides evidence of critical compositional fluctuations in Ni43Cu57 melts.
Numerical explorations of solvent borne adhesives: a lattice-based approach to morphology formation
Authors: Kronberg V Cecilia Erik , Muntean Stela Andrea , Kröger Nils Hendrik , Muntean Adrian
Published: August 2023

The internal structure of adhesive tapes determines the effective mechanical properties. This holds true especially for blended systems, here consisting of acrylate and rubber phases. In this note, we propose a lattice-based model to study numerically the formation of internal morphologies within a four-component mixture (of discrete particles) where the solvent components evaporate. Mimicking numerically the interaction between rubber, acrylate, and two different types of solvents, relevant for the technology of adhesive tapes, we aim to obtain realistic distributions of rubber ball-shaped morphologies—they play a key role in the overall functionality of those special adhesives. Our model incorporates the evaporation of both solvents and allows for tuning the strength of two essentially different solvent–solute interactions and of the temperature of the system.
Modulation of GaAs nanowire growth by pre-treatment of Si substrate using a Ga focused ion beam
Authors: Shandyba Nikita , Kirichenko Danil , Sharov Vladislav , Chernenko Natalia , Balakirev Sergey , Solodovnik Maxim
Published: August 2023

We reveal a novel phenomenon observed after self-catalytic growth of GaAs nanowires (NWs) on Si(111) substrates treated with a Ga focused ion beam (FIB). Depending on the ion dose, NW arrays with various geometrical parameters can be obtained. A minor treatment of the substrate enables a slight increase in the surface density of NWs relative to an unmodified substrate area. As the ion dose is increased up to ∼0.1 pC μm−2, the growth of GaAs NWs and nanocrystals is suppressed. However, a further increase in the ion dose stimulates the crystal growth leading to the formation of extremely thin NWs (39 ± 5 nm) with a remarkably high surface density of up to 15 μm−2. Resting upon an analysis of the surface structure before and after stages of ion-beam treatment, ultra-high vacuum annealing and NW growth, we propose a mechanism underlying the phenomenon observed. We assume that the chemical interaction between embedded Ga ions and a native Si oxide layer leads either to the enhancement of the passivation properties of the oxide layer within FIB-modified areas (at low and middle ion doses), or to the etching of the passivating oxide layer by excess Ga atoms, resulting in the formation of pores (at high ion doses). Due to this behavior, local fabrication of GaAs NW arrays with a diverse range of characteristics can be implemented on the same substrate. This approach opens a new way for self-catalytic growth of GaAs NWs.
Theoretical investigation of the optical and electronic properties of surface engineered V
2
N MXene
Authors: Saharan Sunita , Ghanekar Umesh , Meena Shweta
Published: August 2023

In this work, density functional theory is utilized to explore the impact of surface adsorption of (O, S, Se and Te) on the structural, electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional vanadium nitride (V
2
N) MXene and the results are compared with pristine V
2
N MXene. Our calculations show that V
2
NSe
2 MXene has the most stable structure among all the studied structures. Adsorption energy computations reveal that all terminal groups on the surface of the pristine V
2
N tightly attach to the V atoms. A metallic to semiconductor transition is observed in all the considered V
2
NT
2 (T=O, S, Se and Te) MXene structures. Among them, oxygen, selenium and tellurium adsorbed V
2
N shows a direct bandgap of 0.45, 0.86 and 0.53 eV, respectively. However, in case of sulphur adsorbed V
2
N MXene, an indirect bandgap of 1.19 eV is observed. This study also reports the effect of surface adsorption on the optical properties and dielectric constant of V
2
NT
2 (T=O, S, Se and Te). The results reveal a larger absorption in visible region as well as in ultraviolet region for all the computed structures except oxygen adsorbed V
2
N MXene as compared to pristine V
2
N MXene monolayer, which indicates the significance of surface adsorption on the optical properties of the studied MXene. Additionally, a very low reflectivity has been seen in all the V
2
NT
2 MXene structures as compared to pristine V
2
N. Our findings demonstrate the potential of these surface adsorbed V
2
N MXene materials in novel light-electron conversion devices.
Complexiton solutions, kink soliton and breather-wave solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional combined potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili with B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
Authors: Ma Hongcai , Su Nan , Deng Aiping
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the (2+1)-dimensional combined potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili with B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation is an object of the research. Based on the extended homogeneous balancing method, Auto-Bäcklund transformations are obtained in two cases. Subsequently, with the help of these transformations, we obtain various explicit solutions of this equation. We attain complexiton solutions consisting of exponential, hyperbolic and trigonometric solutions from the Hirota bilinear form of this equation through the extended transformed rational function method. Also, we derive one-kink and two-kink soliton solutions by Maple symbolic calculation and the breather-wave solution via the extended homoclinic test approach. In addition, 3D graphics and density plots of the obtained solutions are depicted to illustrate the dynamical features of these solutions.
Effect of magnetic field on recombination dynamics in random electron systems
Authors: Tito Patricio M A , Pusep Yu A
Published: August 2023

The evolution of localized electron states with increasing magnetic field is studied using time-resolved photoluminescence in GaAs/AlGaAs short-period superlattices, in which electrons are localized due to quantum interference between electron waves multiply scattered by the short-range potential of a random interface roughness. The nature of electronic states, extended or localized, is fundamentally related to the rate of their recombination, which is determined by the exciton coherence volume. Localization reduces the volume of exciton coherence, thereby decreasing the recombination rate. Correspondingly, the recombination rate in insulating samples turned out to be much lower than in metallic ones. Moreover, in insulating samples, the recombination rate increased with increasing temperature and magnetic field, which was found consistent with the temperature and magnetic field dependences of the electrical resistance. The observed increase in the recombination rate is attributed to the break-down of the quantum interference, leading to delocalization.
Decomposition of multi-particle azimuthal correlations in Q-cumulant analysis*
Authors: Nađđerđ L. , Milošević J. , Devetak D. , Wang 王 Fu-Qiang 福强
Published: August 2023

The method of Q-cumulants is a powerful tool for studying the fine details of azimuthal anisotropies in high energy nuclear collisions. This paper presents a new method, based on mathematical induction, to evaluate the analytical form of high-order Q-cumulants. The capability of this method is demonstrated via a toy model that uses the elliptic power distribution to simulate the anisotropic emission of particles, quantified in terms of Fourier flow harmonics

. The method can help in studying the large amount of event statistics that can be collected in the future and allow measurements of the very high central moments of the

distribution. This can, in turn, facilitate progress in understanding the initial geometry, the input to the hydrodynamic calculations of medium expansion in high energy nuclear collisions, and the constraints on it.
Low-frequency turbulence suppression by amplification of synchronized zonal flow with energetic particle driven modes
Authors: Ghizzo A. , Del Sarto D.
Published: August 2023

We investigate the suppression of the turbulent transport associated to the emergence of spontaneous internal transport barriers, due to the combined collective effects played by trapped electrons and energetic passing ions. Numerical experiments performed with a ‘particle mode’ model based on a double gyro-average over the fast cyclotron phase and over the bounce (or transit) phases are used to show the role played by energetic particles in the suppression of the ion-temperature-gradient driven turbulence. We show this occur via phase locking in a Kuramoto-type synchronization process.