bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
molecular identification of multiple drug resistance (MDR) strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Hosseinali Zahra , Mohammadshahi Jafar , Teimourpour Amir , Habibzadeh Shahram , Esmaelizad Majid , Arzanlou Mohsen , Mirzanejad-Asl Hafez , Sadeghnezhad Mahin , Sohrabi Shabnam , teimourpour roghayeh
Published: August 2023

Background and objectives:
Isoniazid and rifampin are the first -line drug against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Resistance to these important drugs is a serious threat to human public health. Therefore this study aimed at molecular detection of resistance to these valuable drugs.
Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 111 non - duplicated clinical samples including sputum and Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected from patients referred to Ardabil Health Center between 2017-2020. The samples were first examined by microscopic method, then their DNA was extracted using the boiling method. Specific primers and MAS-PCR method were employed for the detection resistance to isoniazid and rifampin drugs and identification of MDR strain.
Results: of 111 specimens, 15.3% belonged to NTM. In total, the resistance rate to isoniazid and rifampin was 17% and 27% respectively while the resistance rate to isoniazid and rifampin among NTM was 61.54% and 38.46%.
Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of resistance to isoniazid and rifampin among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTC) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria(NTM) was investigated using the MAS-PCR method. This work highlighted the high anti- tuberculosis resistance rate among NTM compared to MTC strains.
Mapping of malaria and its associated factors in setting of Yeki District, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Eshetu Tamirat , Mola Misganaw , Ayiza Aklilu , Getachew Samuel , Arimo Andualem , Hajare Sunil Tulshiram
Published: August 2023

Background: In many tropical and sub-tropical regions, human malaria is a widespread and sometimes fatal illness. Malaria outbreaks are thus significant public health problems. If utilized properly, insecticide treated nets (ITN) are the most effective malaria prevention measure. However, current usage is still too low. As a result, the goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence of malaria and its risk factors in Ethiopia's Yeki area.
Method:902 participants in a laboratory-based cross-sectional study were chosen from among those who attend the health centre for treatment and are suspected of having malaria using a systematic random sampling procedure.Thin and thick Giemsa stained blood smears were examined under the microscope to diagnose malaria infection, and a malarial Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was performed to check for the presence of specific malaria parasite species. Additionally, pre-tested structured questions were utilised to gauge the respondents' degree of knowledge and awareness of malaria as well as their socio-demographic characteristics.
Result: According to the results of the RDT test and microscopic inspection, the total prevalence of malaria in the study region is 33.6% and 38.2%, respectively. Microscopy analysis revealed that Plasmodium falciparium prevalence was 18.7% and Plasmodium vivax prevalence was 19.5%, respectively. On the other hand, an RDT test for malaria found that the blood sample contained 18.4% P. vivax and 15.1% P. falciparium. P. vivax was the most significant Plasmodium species. The majority of the population infected by malaria visits a health centre three times per year and pays 300–400 birr ($6–$8) for a single course of treatment. ITN was the most effective malaria prevention strategy at the home level, but only 79.4% of people had access to them, and most people only used them rarely and during malaria seasons. Plasmodium vivax was shown to be the predominant Plasmodium species in the research region by the cross-sectional and retrospective studies. The lack of ITNs, how ITNs are used, and the existence of mosquito breeding grounds near homes are the risk factors for malaria prevalence in the study population.
Conclusion: Standard health education and sustainable health policies to assure and raise awareness among people and the community towards the mode of transmission, prevention, and control of the illnesses in the designated region is recommended to catch up the disease control.
Trametinib sensitizes KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma tumors to PD- 1/PD-L1 axis blockade via Id1 downregulation
Authors: Puyalto Ander , Rodríguez-Remírez María , López Inés , Guruceaga Elizabeth , Olmedo María , Vilalta-Lacarra Anna , Macaya Irati , Welch Connor , Sandiego Sergio , Vicent Silvestre , Calvo Alfonso , Rolfo Christian , Ajona Daniel , Gil-Bazo Ignacio
Published: August 2023

Background The identification of novel therapeutic strategies to overcome the intrinsic or acquired resistance to trametinib in mutant KRAS lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major challenge. This study analyzes the effects of trametinib in Id1, a key factor involved in the oncogenic KRAS pathway, and investigates the Id1 role in acquire resistance and trametinib synergy with immunotherapy in KRAS-driven LUAD.Methods We evaluated the effects of trametinib in KRAS-mutant LUAD tumors by western blot, RNA-seq and syngeneic mouse models. Cell viability was assessed by cell proliferation and colony formation assays. PD-L1 expression and apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The anti-tumor efficacy of the trametinib and PD-1 blockade combined treatment was investigated in two KRAS-driven LUAD mouse models, and the effects in the tumor immune infiltrate was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results We found that trametinib activates the proteasome to downregulate Id1 expression in KRAS-mutant LUAD cells and tumors. Moreover, Id1 inhibition overcome the acquire resistance to trametinib in KRAS-mutant LUAD cells. Using two preclinical syngeneic KRAS-driven LUAD mouse models we found that trametinib synergizes with PD-1 blockade to hamper lung cancer progression and increase survival. This anti-tumor activity was associated with an increase of the intratumoral CD8+/Treg ratio and PD-L1 expression on LUAD cells surface.Conclusions Our data suggests that Id1 may be involved in the resistance to trametinib and in the synergy with immunotherapy in KRAS-driven LUAD tumors. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic approach for refractory KRAS-mutant lung cancers.
Rapid prototyping of carbonate gypsum-based 2.5D microfluidic chip using CO2 laser ablation and application in Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Ni Zhilin , Gao Kexin
Published: August 2023

In order to better mimic the properties of natural reservoirs, this study proposes a rapid prototyping technology for a 2.5D microfluidic chip based on carbonate gypsum. The microchannels are directly laser-ablated on the surface of the carbonate gypsum substrate using a CO2 laser. The fabricated profiled microchannels with various processing parameters are analyzed in this study. Additionally, the surface morphology of the laser-ablated area is examined in detail. Wettabilities on the carbonate gypsum substrate are also tested.By adjusting the processing power, scanning speed, and processing times of the laser, 2.5D microchannels with different depths, widths, and aspect ratios can be obtained. This allows for the replication of the complex pore throat structure found in reservoirs. To demonstrate the proposed fabrication techniques, two different types of carbonate gypsum-based chips are fabricated in this study. These chips are then used to conduct the enhanced oil recovery process.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Nursing Students on COVID–19 in North Cotabato
Authors: Kulintang Mohammed Bien , Ngo Andrew , Caponpon Noel Miguel , Tormes Junilord
Published: August 2023

COVID – 19 infection is still widespread. State colleges and universities were gradually opened. This study was designed to assess nursing student's knowledge, attitudes, and practices about COVID-19. A correlational research design was used in this study. From July 1 to August 31, 2021, a snowball sample of 76 student nurses in North Cotabato was surveyed using an online survey tool with a Cronbach's alpha results: 0.772 for knowledge, 0.774 for attitude, and 0.898 for practices. Results revealed that majority of the respondents were second year female nursing students ages 21–23 who resides in rural areas of north Cotabato with a monthly family income of Php 15,000 and below. Primary source of information was through social media followed by school lectures, Internet/website, and television. They have excellent knowledge and very high attitude and practices on COVID-19. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the respondent’s attitude and practices (p-value = .000) but has no significant relationship between knowledge and practices (p-value = .543). Moreover, there was no significant correlation between the respondent’s socio-demographic profile and practices. It is concluded that regardless of the respondent’s demographics, respondents can still have good knowledge. Good attitude and practices on the other hand were prominent to female second year nursing students with the aid of social media, school lectures and internet/website as source of information. The findings established a baseline for the current state of nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in North Cotabato. Furthermore, with the assistance of health agencies, areas on sources of information must be considered to ensure the reliability and validity of the information being acquired by everyone. This could help in structuring policies and procedures of each institution that enables the safe application of face-to-face system.
The importance of green roofs in urban macroinvertebrate biodiversity: a case study in Antwerp, Belgium.
Authors: Jacobs Jeffrey , Verheyde Fons , Dekoninck Wouter , De Smedt Pallieter , Dijck Thomas Van , Beenaerts Prof. Dr. Natalie , Artois Prof. Dr. Tom
Published: August 2023

Urbanization has been identified as a significant anthropogenic factor in the decline of macroinvertebrate populations in terms of abundance, biomass, and species richness over the past few decades. Green roofs are commonly promoted as means of mitigating the negative impacts of urbanization. In this study we investigated twenty green roofs in the city of Antwerp, Belgium. We evaluated macroinvertebrate diversity, abundance and species richness on these roofs. We analysed the influence of roof characteristics (age, surface area, height) and plant diversity (Sedummonocultures vs a mix ofSedum, grass and herbs) on diversity, species richness and/or abundance of macroinvertebrates. We sampled 293 species in total, 151 species were found to be exclusive to a single roof, indicating their specific location-based occurrence. Our study found no correlation between physical roof characteristics, such as roof vegetation cover, and variation in diversity, richness and/or abundance of macroinvertebrates. Our results indicate that most of the species that are present on these urban environments are generalist species that have good dispersal abilities and are well adapted to the dry conditions of these green roofs. Additionally, our research discovered several species that had not previously been recorded in Belgium, which highlights that green roofs can provide suitable habitats for rare and specialized species originating from other nearby countries and different habitat types. Our study demonstrates that green roofs can provide a suitable habitat for a diverse range of species across multiple taxa, regardless of the characteristics of the roof.
Hydrogen Cyanamide Application Accelerates Vegetative Bud Break and Causes Earlier Yield in ‘Optimus’ and ‘Colossus’ Southern Highbush Blueberry
Authors: Buck Jacob , Nunez Gerardo H. , Munoz Patricio R. , Williamson Jeffrey G.
Published: August 2023

Southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum interspecific hybrid) cultivation is a major industry in subtropical regions where low winter temperatures are infrequent and inconsistent. In Florida and other subtropical areas, growers use hydrogen cyanamide (HC) applications during endodormancy to mitigate the negative effects of low chill accumulation. Hydrogen cyanamide is a synthetic plant growth regulator that increases and expediates dormancy release and budbreak. However, southern highbush blueberry cultivars differ in their sensitivity to HC. Optimus and Colossus are two recently released cultivars from the University of Florida blueberry breeding program. The effects of HC in these cultivars are unknown. This research aimed to describe responses to HC applications at different rates for these new varieties. Experiments took place in a commercial farm in Waldo, FL, on 3- to 4-year-old deciduous blueberry bushes. HC was applied at rates of 3.8 g·L−1 (0.38%), 5.1 g·L−1 (0.50%), and 6.4 g g·L−1 (0.63%) in ‘Optimus’ and 3.8 g·L−1 (0.38%), 5.1 g·L−1 (0.50%), 6.4 g·L−1 (0.63%), and 7.7 g·L−1 (0.75%) in ‘Colossus’. In both cultivars, the control treatment was not sprayed. Vegetative bud count, and flower bud development, flower bud mortality, and yield were determined. HC application thinned reproductive buds and increased vegetative budbreak. Although seasonal yield was not increased, HC advanced fruit ripening early in the season.
Renewal Pruning Alone or in Combination with Thinning Pruning Affects Growth, Fruit Yield and Fruit Quality of Aroniaberry
Authors: Lentz Evan E. , Lubell-Brand Jessica D. , Brand Mark H.
Published: August 2023

Aroniaberry (Aronia mitschurinii) produces small pome fruits that possess health promoting compounds. Management practices for orchards are lacking, since aroniaberry is a relatively new crop. Pruning is an important cultural practice to optimize fruit yield in orchards. The response of an established aroniaberry orchard to pruning was evaluated over three years (2020 to 2022). Pruning treatments were as follows: 1) renewal pruning (removal of shoots to the base) only in year 1; 2) renewal pruning in year 1 + thinning to 18 shoots in year 2; 3) renewal pruning in year 1 + thinning to 9 shoots in year 2; and 4) no-pruning (control). In response to renewal pruning, plants grew uniformly and vigorously, producing 28 new vegetative primary shoots with an average length of 66 cm by the end of the first growing season. Limited flowering and fruiting occurred in the second season for plants receiving pruning treatments. Fruit yield on pruned plants was significantly less than for unpruned controls. In season 2, increased thinning of renewal-pruned plants negatively affected the number of inflorescences per plant, but positively affected individual fruit fresh weight and fruit °Brix:titratable acidity ratios. Fruits from all treatments had similar monomeric anthocyanins, total phenolics and mineral content. In season 3, flower production and predicted fruit yield from pruned plants and unpruned controls were similar, even though pruned plants were substantially smaller. In the third season, there were no longer any differences between renewed + thinned plants and those that received only renewal pruning, making shoot thinning an unnecessary practice. The results of this study demonstrate that renewal pruning can be an effective way to manage and rejuvenate an aging aroniaberry orchard.
Chilling Requirements to Relieve Bud Dormancy in Black-fruited Aronia Taxonomic Groups Is Related to Ploidy and Geographic Origin
Authors: Mahoney Jonathan D. , Ristvey Andrew G. , Brand Mark H.
Published: August 2023

The genus Aronia Medik., also known as chokeberry, is a group of deciduous shrubs in the Rosaceae family, subtribe Malinae. The two commonly accepted black-fruited Aronia species are black chokeberry [Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott] and aroniaberry [Aronia mitschurinii (A.K. Skvortsov & Maitul)]. The geographic range of wild A. melanocarpa is the Great Lakes region and the northeastern United States, with a southerly extension into the higher elevations of the Appalachian Mountains. Wild A. melanocarpa found in New England are diploids, whereas plants throughout the rest of the range are tetraploids. A. mitschurinii is a cultivated hybrid between ×Sorbaronia fallax (C.K.Schneid.) C.K.Schneid. and A. melanocarpa and exists as a tetraploid. There is currently limited diversity of Aronia genotypes in the ornamental and fruit industries, and many of the current cultivars are not adapted to the southern United States and similar environs with limited chilling to break winter dormancy. The goal of this study was to determine 1) the chilling requirements for A. mitschurinii ‘Viking’ and 2) the range of chilling requirements for wild A. melanocarpa genotypes from different geographic origins. Two experiments were conducted in which plants were subjected to various chilling accumulation treatments and then moved to a greenhouse for observation of budbreak and subsequent growth. Expt. 1 was conducted at the University of Maryland at Wye, MD, and focused solely on the commercial cultivar A. mitschurinii ‘Viking’. Outdoor, ambient fall and winter temperatures were used to achieve the chilling treatments. In Expt. 1, we determined the optimal chilling requirements for A. mitschurinii ‘Viking’ to be greater than 900 h using the single temperature model. Expt. 2 was conducted at the University of Connecticut and focused on wild genotypes, plus A. mitschurinii ‘Viking’. A fixed temperature cold room was used to achieve chilling treatments. In Expt. 2, we found A. melanocarpa genotypes from southern regions in the United States required chilling accumulation of 600 h (single temperature model), compared with genotypes from northern regions that required more than 900 h of chilling accumulation. Tetraploid A. melanocarpa required 900 h of chilling to break bud, but diploid A. melanocarpa required 1200 h of chilling to break bud. Expt. 2 confirmed the 900-h chilling requirement for A. mitschurinii ‘Viking’. For both experiments, the rate of budbreak and shoot growth was positively correlated with increasing amounts of chilling.
Managing Plant–Parasitic Nematodes in Established Red Raspberry Fields
Authors: Walters Thomas W. , Pinkerton John N. , Riga Ekaterini , Zasada Inga A. , Particka Michael , Yoshida Harvey A. , Ishida Chris
Published: August 2023

The efficacy and phytotoxicity of postplant treatments to control root lesion nematodes [RLN (Pratylenchus penetrans)] and dagger nematodes [DN (Xiphinema bakeri)] in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) were evaluated in four field studies, each conducted over 1 to 3 years. Spring spray applications of oxamyl or fosthiazate reduced RLN and DN population densities for up to 2 years, but fall oxamyl sprays and spring drip-applied oxamyl applications were not effective. Oxamyl application rate determined the duration of nematode suppression. Two spring applications of oxamyl at 2 lb/acre provided more than 2 years of suppression, while two spring applications of 0.8 lb/acre suppressed nematodes for only 1 year. Spring oxamyl applications reduced ‘Nootka’ fruit yield for one season, but did not affect ‘Willamette’ yield. Fall spray-applied fenamiphos, fall and spring spray-applied DiTera (a fermentation product of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria), fall drip-applied 1,3-dichloropropene, and spring shallow-incorporated abyssinian mustard (Brassica carinata) seed meal suppressed RLN briefly (less than 6 months) or not at all.
Comparative Performance of Different Plastic Films for Soil Solarization and Weed Suppression
Authors: Gill Harsimran K. , McSorley Robert , Treadwell Danielle D.
Published: August 2023

Soil solarization is an important practice for small-acreage farmers and home gardeners and is used commercially in areas with high solar radiation and air temperature during the summer. In this technique, clear plastic films are used to increase soil temperature to manage soil-borne plant pests such as insects, diseases, nematodes, fungi, and weeds. Several different kinds of plastic films were evaluated in 2007 and 2008 for durability, weather tolerance, and weed suppression. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications. In 2007, treatments were four clear plastic films including: ISO, VeriPack, Poly Pak, Bromostop®, and a white plastic control. In 2008, treatments were Polydak®, Poly Pak, Bromostop®, and white plastic. Films were evaluated for weed suppression based on the population density of weeds that emerged through breaks in the plastic, for durability in terms of number and size of breaks in the films, and for the total exposed soil area resulting from breaks. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) was the major weed problem throughout both years. In both years, total exposed area was greater with white plastic and Bromostop® (81.5 ft2/bed) compared with other plastic films (<21.5 ft2/bed). Due to their durability, Poly Pak, ISO, and VeriPack suppressed nutsedge more than Bromostop and white plastic. Although a number of very small (<0.75 inch long) breaks were observed in Polydak® plastic film, they never increased in size, and this plastic film remained intact throughout the experiment and provided excellent weed control.
Posttransplant Growth of Container-grown Wild Coffee, Copperleaf, and Orange Jasmine Is Affected by Irrigation Frequency
Authors: Moore Kimberly A. , Shober Amy L. , Gilman Edward F. , Wiese Christine , Scheiber S. Michelle , Paz Maria , Brennan Meghan M.
Published: August 2023

The survival of shrubs planted into the landscape depends on sufficient irrigation during the establishment period. Few studies have investigated the effect of irrigation frequency on the posttransplant growth of landscape shrubs. We conducted two studies in U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zone 10b over a 2-year period in which we compared canopy growth index (GI), root extension to canopy spread ratio, canopy dry weight, and root dry weight of shrubs irrigated at different frequencies. In the first experiment, wild coffee (Psychotria nervosa) and ‘Lakeview’ orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata) shrubs were planted in Sept. 2004, Dec. 2004, Mar. 2005, and June 2005 and irrigated for 28 weeks after planting (WAP) every 2, 4, or 8 days with 3 L of water per irrigation event. In the second experiment, ‘Macafeeana’ copperleaf (Acalypha wilkesiana) and orange jasmine shrubs were planted in Sept. 2005, Dec. 2005, Mar. 2006, and June 2006 and irrigated for 28 WAP every 1, 2, or 4 days with 3 L of water per irrigation event. Canopy GI and root extension to canopy spread ratio were determined at 28, 52, and 104 WAP. The entire canopy and roots were harvested 52 and 104 WAP to determine dry weight. In Expt. 1, wild coffee and orange jasmine plants irrigated every 2 days had greater GI than plants irrigated every 8 days at 28 WAP, but GI was not different at 52 or 104 WAP. Canopy dry weight at 52 WAP was greater for plants irrigated every 2 days than every 8 days, but there was no difference at 104 WAP. There was no difference in wild coffee or orange jasmine root dry weight or root extension to canopy spread ratio among the irrigation frequencies. In Expt. 2, there were no differences in GI, canopy dry weight, root dry weight, or root extension to canopy spread ratio of copperleaf or orange jasmine irrigated everyday compared with plants irrigated every 2 or 4 days. From the data collected in these studies, it appears that irrigating wild coffee or orange jasmine every 8 days during the first 28 WAP limited canopy growth but not root development. However, after 52 WAP, rainfall events appeared to be sufficient to eliminate any initial effects from irrigation frequency. Our data suggest that wild coffee, orange jasmine, and copperleaf from 3-gal containers can be successfully established in the landscape when irrigated with 3 L of water every 4 days for the first 28 WAP.
Low-cost Container Yard for School-based Restoration Nurseries
Authors: Bush Edward W. , Blanchard Pamela B.
Published: August 2023

A small inexpensive (less than $1000) container yard, measuring 10 × 10 ft square, with an automatic irrigation system was designed for schools participating in the Louisiana State University Coastal Roots Program: A School Seedling Nursery Program for Habitat Restoration. Students helped install the container yard on their school site and oversee native plant production through the course of the school year. Teachers and other school staff checked the nursery during summer months to ensure that the irrigation system was working properly and the plants were healthy. Students grew ≈1000 restoration seedlings per year in their container yard. Each year they transplanted their seedlings and grass plugs on trips to habitat restoration sites across Louisiana's coastal zone. Since the inception of the program in 2000, the students using this container yard design have produced nearly 24,500 trees and shrubs and over 8000 grass plugs.
Hydrogen incorporation mechanism in the lower-mantle bridgmanite
Authors: Purevjav Narangoo , Tomioka Naotaka , Yamashita Shigeru , Shinoda Keiji , Kobayashi Sachio , Shimizu Kenji , Ito Motoo , Fu Suyu , Gu Jesse , Hoffmann Christina , Lin Jung-Fu , Okuchi Takuo
Published: August 2023

Bridgmanite, the most abundant mineral in the lower mantle, can play an essential role in deep-Earth hydrogen storage and circulation processes. To better evaluate the hydrogen storage capacity and its substitution mechanism in bridgmanite occurring in nature, we have synthesized high-quality single-crystal bridgmanite with a composition of (Mg0.88Fe0.052+Fe0.053+Al0.03)(Si0.88Al0.11H0.01)O3 at nearly water-saturated environments relevant to topmost lower mantle pressure and temperature conditions. The crystallographic site position of hydrogen in the synthetic (Fe,Al)-bearing bridgmanite is evaluated by a time-of-flight single-crystal neutron diffraction scheme, together with supporting evidence from polarized infrared spectroscopy. Analysis of the results shows that the primary hydrogen site has an OH bond direction nearly parallel to the crystallographic b axis of the orthorhombic bridgmanite lattice, where hydrogen is located along the line between two oxygen anions to form a straight geometry of covalent and hydrogen bonds. Our modeled results show that hydrogen is incorporated into the crystal structure via coupled substitution of Al3+ and H+ simultaneously exchanging for Si4+, which does not require any cation vacancy. The concentration of hydrogen evaluated by secondary-ion mass spectrometry and neutron diffraction is ~0.1 wt% H2O and consistent with each other, showing that neutron diffraction can be an alternative quantitative means for the characterization of trace amounts of hydrogen and its site occupancy in nominally anhydrous minerals.
High P-T phase relations of Al-bearing magnetite: Post-spinel phases as indicators for P-T conditions of formation of natural samples
Authors: Uenver-Thiele Laura , Woodland Alan B. , Miyajima Nobuyoshi , Ballaran Tiziana Boffa , Alig Edith , Fink Lothar
Published: August 2023

The phase relations of Al-bearing magnetite were investigated between 6–22 GPa and 1000–1550 °C using a multi-anvil apparatus. This study demonstrates that the spinel-structured phase persists up to ~9–10 GPa at 1100–1400 °C irrespective of the amount of hercynite (FeAl2O4) component present (20, 40, or 60 mol%). At ~10 GPa, the assemblage Fe2(Al,Fe)2O5 + (Al,Fe)2O3 forms and remains stable up to 16–20 GPa and 1200–1550 °C. Fe2(Al,Fe)2O5 adopts the CaFe3O5-type structure with the Cmcm space group. At 18–22 GPa and T >1300 °C the assemblage Fe3(Fe,Al)4O9 + (Al,Fe)2O3 becomes stable. Fe3(Fe,Al)4O9 is isostructural with Fe7O9, having the monoclinic structure of the C2/m space group. At T <1300 °C, Fe3(Fe,Al)4O9 + (Al,Fe)2O3 gives way to the assemblage of a hp-Fe(Fe,Al)2O4 + (Al,Fe)2O3. This hp-Fe(Fe,Al)2O4 phase is unquenchable; a defect-bearing spinel-structured phase was recovered instead, and it contained numerous lamellae parallel to {100} or {113} planes and notably less Al than the initial starting composition. While low-pressure spinel can have a complete solid solution between Fe3+-Al, the post-spinel phases have only very limited Al solubility, with a maximum of ~0.1 cpfu Al in hp-Fe(Fe,Al)2O4, ~0.3 cpfu in Fe2(Fe,Al)2O5, and ~0.4 cpfu in Fe3(Fe,Al)4O9, respectively. As a result, the phase relations of Fe(Fe0.8Al0.2)2O4 can also be applied to bulk compositions richer in Al with the only difference being that larger amounts of an (Al,Fe)2O3 phase are present.

Coexisting rhombohedral-structured phases demonstrate that the binary miscibility gap established at low pressure between hematite and corundum is still valid up to 20 GPa. Since iron oxides (e.g., magnetite) with variable Al contents are found in extraterrestrial rocks or as inclusions in diamond, constraints on their high-P-T-fO2 stability might help unravel their formation conditions.
Editorial for Special Issue “Psychophysiology and Experimental Psychology”
Authors: Joel Rosa Pedro
Published: August 2023

The first experimental laboratory in psychology was founded in Leipzig, Germany, where Wilhelm Wundt mainly investigated feelings and sensations by employing experimental methods. Almost a century and half after is debut, the experimental laboratories have extremely evolved in terms of apparatus, instruments, and recording techniques. Under a multi- and interdisciplinary perspective, we can now better understand human cognitive and affective processes. As current zeitgeist has placed increasing emphasis upon the ecologically valid research, an “out-of-the-lab” approach, integrated with both human and nonhuman research, is expected to leverage scientific advances in the field of human behavior.
Türkiye’ deki Biarum carduchorum ve Biarum aleppicum Taksonları Üzerinde Fitokimyasal Araştırmalar
Authors: BAĞATUR Yekta Fidan , KARAOĞUL Eyyüp , AKAN Hasan
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışmanın ana amacı, Biarum carduchorum (BC) ve Biarum aleppicum (BA) taksonları üzerinde fitokimyasal araştırmalar yapmak ve bitkilerin bazı fitokimyasal özelliklerini incelemektir. Fitokimyasal çalışmalar kapsamında bitkilerdeki ikincil metaboliktlerin ekstraksiyonu için farklı polaritede etanol, hekzan ve saf su çözücüleri kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca bitkilerin yaprak, spata, yumru ve spadiks kısımları ayrı ayrı olmak üzere ekstraksiyona tabi tutulmuştur. Fitokimyasal karakterizasyon olarak, toplam fenolik madde miktarı (TFMM), toplam flavanoid madde (TFM) değerleri ve antioksidant özellikleri (farklı konsantrasyonlara bağlı yüzde süpürme, trolox eşdeğeri serbest radikal kalıntısı ve IC50 değerleri) incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, BC ve BA ekstrelerinin TFMM’si en yüksek oranda sırasıyla 1373.84 mgGAE/L ve 779.14 mgGAE/L ile etanol çözücüsü ile yaprak kısmında tespit edilirken en düşük değer olarak yine sırasıyla spadiks kısımlarında etanol çözücüsünde 251.22 mgGAE/L olarak ve hekzan çözücüsünde 111.49 mgGAE/L olarak tespit edilmiştir. TFM verileri açısından en yüksek miktarda BA için saf su ile 286.79 mgQE/L olarak yaprak kısmında ve 159.08 mgQE/L olarak yine saf su ile spata kısmında veriler bulunmuştur. Antioksidant özelliklerinin IC50 açısından sonuçları ise hem BC hem de BA’nın spata kısmında etanol çözücüsü ile elde edilen ekstresinde sırasıyla 0.97 mgQE/L ve 0.55 mgQE/L ile en düşük IC50 değerlerinde, antioksidatif açıdan en yüksek özellikler sergilemişlerdir. En düşük antioksidatif özellik ise hekzan çözücüsü ile yaprak kısmında 3.9 mg/L IC50 değeri ile BC numunesinde ve BA için ise 5.87 mg/L IC50 değeri ile yine hekzan çözücüsünde bitkinin yumru kısmında tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak hekzan çözücüsü bitki ekstrelerinde antioksidatif açıdan düşük değerler vermiştir. Etanol çözücüsü ise yüksek antioksidatif, fenolik ve flavanoidce zengin özütler elde edilmesine sebep olmuştur
Yarı Kurak Koşullarda Bazı Macar Fiği (Vicia pannonica L.) Genotiplerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZCAN Gazi , TEZEL Mehmet , ARICI Ramazan Çağatay , ESER Cevat
Published: August 2023

Bazı Macar fiği (Vicia pannonica L.) genotiplerinin tarımsal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi için yapılan bu çalışma; Bahri Dağdaş Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Konya merkez arazisi ve Toprak, Su ve Çölleşme ile Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü Karapınar arazisi olmak üzere iki lokasyonda yağışa bağlı koşullarda bir yıl süreyle (2016-2017 yetiştirme sezonunda) kışlık olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, 18 adet Macar fiği saf hattı ile 3 şahit Macar fiği çeşidi (Altınova, Beta ve Tarm Beyazı) olmak üzere toplam 21 genotip kullanılmıştır. Çalışma Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Deseni’ne göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; Macar fiği genotiplerinin %50 çiçeklenme süresi 161.3 – 169.7 gün, ana sap uzunluğu 69.2-85.3 cm, ana sap kalınlığı 1.4-2.1 mm, doğal bitki boyu 58.3-75.0 cm, yeşil ot verimi 1.914-3.503 kg/da, kuru ot verimi 417-755 kg/da, tane verimi ise 130-186 kg/da arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. İncelenen özellikler bakımından Macar fiği genotipleri arasında önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. İki lokasyonda yürütülen araştırma sonuçlarına göre yeşil ve kuru ot verimi açısından en yüksek verim DMF-15 numaralı genotipten elde edilirken, en yüksek tane verimi ise DMF-1 numaralı genotipten elde edilmiştir. Her iki lokasyonda da DMF-15 genotipi kuru ot verimi ile ön plana çıkmıştır.
Comparative analysis of 12 reference evapotranspiration methods for semi-arid regions (Spain)
Authors: Hernández-Bedolla Joel , Solera Abel , Sánchez-Quispe Sonia Tatiana , Domínguez-Sánchez Constantino
Published: August 2023

Evapotranspiration is one of the most significant variables used to determine runoff, hydrological balances, and climate change studies. In semi-arid conditions, there is a need to evaluate various alternatives to establish reference evapotranspiration (ETo), given that climate change scenarios sometimes do not provide information on diverse climate variables. Several alternatives for obtaining evapotranspiration are analyzed in this study and compared with the Penman-Monteith method, modified by FAO (PMFAO56). Due to limited daily climate information, it is necessary to consider different options for determining reference evapotranspiration. In the present work, methods based on temperature (Hargreaves, Hargreaves 1, Hargreaves 2, and Baier-Robertson) and radiation (Caprio, Irmark 1, Irmark 2, Irmark 3, Makkink, Priestley-Taylor and Hasen) were investigated. The best performance for the semi-arid Jucar River Basin was determined by Hargreaves methods. Regional calibration of Hargreaves methods, Hargreaves 1 and Hargreaves 2, were performed for each sub-basin.
Determining the factors controlling the chemical composition of groundwater using geochemical methods and groundwater health assessment in Qixing Town, southwest China
Authors: Chen Jiajing , Zhu Mingtan , Liu Guo , Gao Man , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Wen
Published: August 2023

Studies on groundwater quality and possible hazards to human health are important for improved groundwater utilization. This study explored the chemistry of groundwater in Qixing Town and the influencing factors. Statistical evaluation, ion correlation, Entropy-Weighted Water Quality Index (EWQI) assessment, and human health risk evaluation were conducted on data derived from 25 groundwater samples. The main groundwater chemistry types were HCO3–Na and HCO3–Ca. The results of ion and geological modeling analysis indicated that major ion concentrations were mainly determined by cation exchange. The study on the variation of heavy metal concentration in groundwater with depth shows that the heavy metal content in groundwater decreases first and then increases with the increase of depth, and the EWQI suggested that groundwater was suitable for drinking. The total carcinogenic health risks for Cr and As for both adults and children were higher than the highest permissible hazard value suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The categorization of hazardous ingestion (HI) by the USEPA indicated a negligible non-carcinogenic hazard to human health by toxic metals. The results suggest the need to increase Cr and As contamination monitoring in shallow groundwater. This study can facilitate the rational development of groundwater resources.
Dissolved iodine in the Changjiang River Estuary, China
Authors: Lin Jianrong
Published: August 2023

The distribution and behavior of total dissolved iodine (TDI) and its species-iodate, iodide, and dissolved organic iodine (DOI) in the Changjiang River Estuary (CJE) surface and subsurface waters were studied along the salinity gradient. Results showed that TDI concentration in the freshwater endmember of CJE was 0.037 μM and existed as iodide. Although the transformation of dissolved iodine forms was active, TDI showed a conservative behavior, ranging from 0.037 μM to 0.42 μM in the estuary. Iodate showed removal behavior (ranging within 0–0.277 μM), iodide showed additive behavior (ranging within 0.037–0.131 μM), whereas DOI showed additive (0 < salinity < 20) (ranging within 0–0.099 μM) and removal (20 < salinity < 33.5) behavior (ranging within 0.099-0.022 μM). The iodine atoms in DOI were supplied primarily by iodide when salinity was <10 but by iodate when salinity was >10. The iodine–carbon ratios in DOI from different sources were more than 10 times different. The annual flux of iodine in the Changjiang River was 4.0 × 109g, accounting for about 4% of the global river iodine flux.
Heterogeneity of Lipid Metabolism and its Clinical and Immune
Correlation in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xugang , Li Weiqing , Liu Taorui , Guo Huiqin , Sun Qianqian , Li Baozhong
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

The role of lipid metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)
is not completely researched. Lipid metabolism reprogramming is a characteristic of malignancies
and contributes to carcinogenesis and progression. The transcriptome and scRNA-
seq data and clinical information were downloaded from the public databases.

Methods:

Lipid metabolism pathways were collected from the MSigDB database, and
molecular subtypes were classified based on lipid metabolism features via consensus clustering.
The bidirectional crosstalk between immune cells and malignant cells was analyzed.
Differences in lipid metabolism at the single-cell level and their correlation with
the tumor microenvironment (TME) were also studied. LUAD patients were classified into
two subtypes, showing distinct mutation and lipid metabolism features based on lipid
metabolism characteristics. Meanwhile, significant differences in the overall survival,
clinical characteristics, and immune landscape were observed between the two subtypes.
We also found that clust1 had higher oxidative stress status. There were 116 differentially
expressed genes between the two subtypes, which were significantly associated with
cell cycle progression. We identified 4001 immune cells, including 483 malignant cells
and 3518 normal cells, and found active intercellular communication and significant differences
in lipid metabolism characteristics between the malignant cells and normal cells.
Furthermore, several lipid metabolism pathways were found to be associated with TME
factors, including hypoxia and angiogenesis.

Result:

The current findings indicated that lipid metabolism was involved in the development
and cellular heterogeneity of LUAD and revealed widespread reprogramming
across multiple cellular elements in the TME of LUAD.

Conclusion:

This characterization improved the current understanding of tumor biology
and enabled the identification of novel targets for immunotherapy.
Synthesis of Triamantane by Skeletal Transformation of Hexa- and
Heptacyclooctadecanes under the Action of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Aminov Rishat I.
Published: August 2023

abstract:

New methods have been developed for the synthesis of the third representative of
the homologous series of diamond-like hydrocarbons, triamantane, with a yield of up to 78%,
by skeletal isomerization of iso-compositional endo-endo- and exo-exo-heptacyclo
[9.6.1.02,10.03,8.04,6.05,9.012,17]octadecanes under the action of aluminate ionic liquids. For the
first time, the synthesis and transformation of new C18H26 hydrocarbons - endo-exo- and exoexo-
hexacyclo[8.6.1.15,8.02,9.03,7.011,16]octadecanes into triamantane was carried out. It has
been established that for the successful conversion of polycyclic hydrocarbons of the composition
С18H26 containing two more hydrogen atoms in the molecule than in triamantane, the
addition of Pd/C to the ionic liquid is necessary.
Green Synthesis and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition of Coumarin-1,2,4-Triazole
Hybrids
Authors: Karnaš Maja , Rastija Vesna , Šubarić Domagoj , Molnar Maja
Published: August 2023

The pursuit of biologically active compounds has led many researchers to synthesize different heterocyclic
hybrids with prominent activity. Both coumarin and 1,2,4-triazole are very potent scaffolds whose hybrids have
improved biological activities.

:

This study synthesized twenty-one new coumarin-1,2,4-triazole hybrids in a one-step reaction using choline chloride
: urea deep eutectic solvent. The green approach to this synthesis has led to shorter reaction times, higher
yields, and purity of final compounds.

:

The title compounds were characterized and screened for drug-likeness parameters to evaluate their viability as
potential drug candidates and for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. All tested compounds complied
with the drug-likeness rules. However, they exhibited only weak to moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase.

:

Molecular docking analysis revealed that title compounds mostly bind to the peripheral anionic region of the acetylcholinesterase
active site, therefore hindering, but not completely obstructing, substrate from entering the enzyme
catalytic site.
Herbal Medicines as Adjuvants for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Diarrhea
Authors: Zheng Zicong , Srinual Songpol , Chen Jie , Li Li , Du Ting , Hu Ming , Sun Rongjin , Gao Song
Published: August 2023

Background:

Chemotherapeutic drugs used in cancer treatment often result in gastrointestinal toxicity,
notably diarrhea, impacting patients’ quality of life. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has garnered
increasing interest as an alternative to conventional approaches as a potential solution for managing chemotherapyinduced
diarrhea (CID).

Objective:

To summarize current research focusing on herbal medicines as adjuvant therapy to prevent or treat
chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, including clinical assessments, mechanism of actions, active components, and potential
pharmacokinetic interactions between herbal medicines and chemotherapeutic drugs.

Methods:

We performed the literature review from PubMed, CNKI, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus
using “Chemotherapy”, “Diarrhea,” and “Complementary and Alternative Medicine” as the search keywords.

Results:

Using herbal medicines as adjuvants provides an effective approach to treating or preventing CID with
improved or unaffected antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Among these herbal formulations, scutellaria,
ginger, and ginseng are the most frequently used herbs in the prescriptions for CID. The main antidiarrheal components
in herbs include wogonin, baicalin, chrysin, quercetin, gingerol, and ginsenosides. These herbs, formulations,
and bioactive components relieved CID through different mechanisms, including directly decreasing local drug exposure,
anti-inflammation, inhibiting epithelial apoptosis, or promoting epithelium stem cell regeneration. The application
of herbal medicines as adjunctive therapies showed efficacy in preventing or treating CID in multiple clinical
trials. However, more well-designed clinical studies are expected to validate the results further. Despite some clinical
studies demonstrating that certain herbal medicines could potentially attenuate CID and improve efficacy, it remains
necessary to evaluate herbal safety. The interactions between herbs and drugs are also potential concerns, but few
clinical trials have focused on investigating this aspect.

Conclusion:

In clinical practise, herbal medications show potential as adjuvant treatments for gastrointestinal toxicities
induced by chemotherapy, particularly diarrhoea. Further well-designed clinical studies are needed to validate
their efficacy, ensure safety, and explore potential drug-herb interactions.
In vivo Metabolism of Nifurtimox and the Drug-Drug Interaction Potential Including its Major Metabolites
Authors: Schulz Simone I. , Lang Dieter , Schmuck Gabriele , Gerisch Michael , Bairlein Michaela , Fricke Robert , Stass Heino
Published: August 2023

Background:

Nifurtimox is an effective treatment for patients with Chagas disease, but knowledge of its
biotransformation and excretion is limited.

Objective:

This study aimed to better understand the fate of oral nifurtimox in vivo.

Methods:

We investigated the exposure and excretion pathways of [14C]-labeled nifurtimox and its metabolites in
rats. We then quantified the prominent metabolites and nifurtimox in the urine and plasma of patients receiving
nifurtimox using LC-HRMS with reference standards and quantified these compounds in rat plasma after a single,
high dose of nifurtimox. We also investigated potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of these compounds in vitro

Results:

In rats, orally administered nifurtimox was rapidly absorbed (tmax 0.5 h) and eliminated (t½ 1.4 h). Metabolism
of nifurtimox yielded six predominant metabolites (M-1 to M-6) in urine and plasma, and the dose was excreted
equally via the renal and fecal routes with only traces of unchanged nifurtimox detectable due to its instability in
excreta. In patients with Chagas disease, only M-6 and M-4 achieved relevant exposure levels, and the total amount
of excreted metabolites in urine was higher in fed versus fasted patients, consistent with the higher systemic exposure.
For nifurtimox, M-6, and M-4, no potential perpetrator pharmacokinetic DDIs with the main cytochrome P-
450 enzymes and drug transporters were identified in vitro.

Conclusion:

This contemporary analysis of the complex metabolite profile and associated exposures emerging
after oral dosing of nifurtimox in rats and humans, together with the expected low risk for clinically relevant DDIs,
expands the understanding of this important anti-trypanosomal drug.