bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of land supporting capacity in development potential for ruminant in Bireuen District
Authors: Salima Reza , Aprita Ika Rezvani , Hidayat Fadlan
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine thepotential land resource for the forage development. The method used is descriptive method by direct observation. The results showed that the overall physiographic conditions of the area in both sites flat to undulating (0-8% slope). All areas are included in the regional development of farm area (Rantau Panyang and Keude Field) included in the moderately suitable (S2) with 2 (two) sub-class of S2wa,fh,nr; and S2wa, fh, lp, nr, in turn, results Actual land suitability evaluation included in the category of moderately suitable land suitability class (S2) with two sub-classes namely S2wa,fh,lp,nr and S2fh, lp, nr.There is a difference between areas in the Rantau Panyang and Keude Lapang good views from the species and botanical composition of the species that dominate in the location of the Rantau Panyang is Cyperus bifax and Imperata cylindrica in the location of Lapang.
The Utilization of Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus costaricencis) As A Natural Colorant of Dried Noodle
Authors: Silaturahmi Silaturahmi , Zaidiyah Zaidiyah , Rahmiati Tengku Mia
Published: August 2020

The use of colorants in the dried noodle manufactures is an effort of product diversification. Besides of being used as a natural coloring agent, this peel extract is also used to improve nutritional value of the expected product. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of red dragon fruit peel extract on the physical quality of dried noodle.  The study was conducted by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with one factor, namely concentration of red dragon fruit peel extract (N1 = 10 ml, N2 = 15 ml, N3 = 20 ml, N4 = 25 ml, N5 = 30 ml).  The observations of its physical quality consisted of water absorption, solid loss during cooking, and organoleptic tests (aroma and color).  The best quality of dried noodle was obtained by using 30 ml red dragon fruit peel extract (N5) with physical properties, namely DSA levels of 351.92%, solid loss during cooking 4.78%, aroma 3.79 (like) and color 3.89 (like).
Oficina de compostagem como prática de educação ambiental
Authors: Albuquerque Kleberson Almeida de , Silva Thaiane Soeiro da , Pires Saimo do Rosário , Rabelo Danilo Cezar
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência sobre a prática de compostagem na Escola de Atividade Complementar Fazendinha Esperança (EACFE), no município de Marituba, Pará. Objetivou-se apresentar a educação ambiental por meio da compostagem e da contextualização do problema socioambiental do município. Foram realizadas duas oficinas agroecológicas com grupos de alunos em anos letivos diversos, tendo a participação de crianças e adolescentes. Com base nas oficinas e na discursão teórico crítica com os alunos, foi possível esclarecer dúvidas e despertar o interesse dos envolvidos. Diante da conscientização sobre o aumento crescente da produção de resíduos sólidos no mundo e o ensino da prática de compostagem, os participantes firmaram compromisso de cuidar do meio ambiente.
Extensão em segurança e saúde do trabalho em padarias
Authors: Hartwig Thábata Bierhals , Franz Luis Antonio dos Santos , Heidtmann-Bemvenuti Renata
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi levar informação sobre a legislação de Segurança e Saúde do Trabalho (SST) para microempresas do setor de Padarias de Pelotas-RS. Para isso, foi elaborado e disponibilizado um manual informativo sobre obrigatoriedades relativas à legislação de SST para 52 padarias localizadas em diferentes bairros da cidade. Este trabalho extensionista visou a conscientização da importância do cumprimento de obrigatoriedades legais relacionadas à SST e que deverão ser informadas ao governo, através de plataforma digital (eSocial), a partir de setembro de 2020. O cadastro digital das informações de SST é alvo de muitas críticas alicerçadas na grande mudança e adequação que as empresas terão que despender. Porém, esse sistema digital visa a inserção de dados trabalhistas e previdenciários que, hoje, as empresas já cumprem ou deveriam cumprir para proteção a segurança e saúde do trabalhador como, por exemplo, o levantamento de riscos no ambiente de trabalho. A abordagem metodológica deste trabalho foi qualitativa, pesquisa aplicada e exploratória. Uma pesquisa documental foi realizada para elaboração do manual informativo. Para estabelecimento da amostra a ser estudada, primeiramente foi realizado um levantamento da população de padarias licenciadas na Secretaria de Saúde do Município. No momento da entrega e explicação do manual, foi aplicado um questionário com seis perguntas fechadas para avaliar o nível de conhecimento e preparo das microempresas para a prestação das informações de SST na plataforma online. Ficou evidenciada a importância deste trabalho extensionista, principalmente em empresas menos favorecidas em termos de qualificação de pessoal e acesso a informação, como as microempresas. Este trabalho também demonstrou um impacto social positivo na medida em que levou informação útil e acessível de forma a conscientizar sobre a importância de programas e projetos de gestão em SST para proteção aos trabalhadores e meio ambiente de trabalho e para evitar prejuízos pela inadequação à legislação em SST.
RAPID ASESMEN KERUSAKAN BANGUNAN PASCA GEMPA BUMI DI SEKITAR MASJID AT-TAQARRUB, TRIENGGADING, PIDIE JAYA, ACEH
Authors: Febriansyah Aldrin
Published: August 2020

The earthquake that occurred on 7 December 2016 with a magnitude of 6.4 SR in Pidie Jaya District, Aceh has resulted in many material and immaterial losses. Where many facilities and infrastructure are damaged, buildings are not multi-storey to high-rise buildings. One of them is a residential area around the At-Taqarrub mosque, which is in the Keude area, Trienggading sub-district, Pidie Jaya district. At-Taqarrub Mosque is one of the worship facilities that is heavily damaged and cannot be repaired. In the area only the At-Taqarrub mosque was the only building that collapsed, while the surrounding buildings were still standing with various kinds of damage. This journal is to find out the results of rapid assessment of the level of damage to buildings against structures and building materials around the At-Taqarrub mosque. The method used is the method of mapping and direct survey of the surrounding buildings and then determine the level of damage to the structural components and building architecture. The results of this study indicate various levels of post-earthquake building damage that occur and provide recommendations for buildings damaged in the earthquake in Pidie Jaya in particular and throughout Indonesia in general.
Realitas Gugat Cerai TKW (Asia Timur) di Kabupaten Ponorogo: Sebuah Tinjauan Hukum Islam
Authors: Muawwanah Rohana
Published: August 2020

This study aims to explore the phenomenon of divorce among migrant workers (TKW) who work in East Asia who made a lawsuit in the Ponorogo Regency Religious Court (PA) in year 2017. This study used a qualitative approach to the design of case studies. The results of the study show that the main factors causing divorce for TKW can be grouped into 3 factors, namely; economy, environment, and responsibility. These three factors give rise to the reasons used in filing a claim, namely; not providing a living, husband being sentenced to prison, morality (infidelity), husband disappearing, and domestic disharmony. Supporting factors for the divorce claim are strong supported by the level of education, family support and information technology. From the factors and reasons for the divorce, in the view of Islamic law can be grouped into three groups; mubah, makruh and haram.
Cédric Viale, Lexicon of Environmental Law; Les définitions du droit de l’environment (Leiden: Martinus-Nijhoff Publishers, 2012)
Authors: Johnstone Rachael L.
Published: August 2020

Lexicon of Environmental Law follows the comparable work by the same author, Lexicon of Human Rights (2008). This is a reference book, a dictionary of environmental legal terms, where the definition of each term is given as it is found in an international treaty.
The efficien cy of bee families feeding by protein with increasing their forces before pollination of winter raps
Authors: Razanov S. , Nedashkivskyi V. , Melnyk V.
Published: August 2020

The effect of early-spring stimulation of bee families on protein partial substitutes (low-fat soy bean meal and soy peptone) on the eff ectiveness of winter rapeseed pollination has been studied. Cross-pollination in the evolution of the fl ora has become dominant, because about 80 % of vegetation requires its application. There are two types of cross-pollination of plants: within one plant (geetonogamy) and within several plants (xenogamy). The transfer of pollen within one fl ower or several occurs by wind, water, birds and insects. However, the most widespread was insect pollination, which amounts 4/5 of the total number of plants that are needed to be pollinated. It is established that only with high organization of pollination of entomophilous crops it is possible to achieve the maximum eff ect. The intensity of development of bee families depends on: the age of the queen bee, the quality of the bee nest, the temperature of the air and the presence of carbohydrate and protein feed in their nests. In the early spring, bees may not always provide themselves with carbohydrate and protein feed, which reduces breeding and delaying bee growth until the beginning of pollination of spring agricultural honey plants. The eff ectiveness of entomophilic bee pollination depends on many factors, including the forces of the bee families, the distance from the source of honey, temperature and humidity. Therefore, there is a need to replenish feed stocks in early spring in order to stimulate rapid growth of bees. It has been found that stimulation of bee growth in bee families by partial protein substitutes of pollen in early spring helps to increase their strength from 6.6 % to 16.6 % and the amount of pollen collected from winter rape from 12.3% to 34.1% indicating a higher intensity of pollination of this crop.
Key words: bee families, winter rapeseed, soy fl our, soy peptone, forces of the bee families, pollination, development.
The Digestibility of feed and productivity of young fattening pigs when using mixed-ligand complexes of copper
Authors: Podhalyuzina O. , Bomko V. , Kuzmenko O.
Published: August 2020

The balancing research has shown that there are certain changes in the body of young pigs for fattening under the infl uence of consumed feed and feed additives. During the balance experiment on pigs for fattening, the protein, fat and carbohydrate digestibility ratios and the nitrogen balance were studied. The digestibility and absorption of nutrients of the feed are infl uenced by many factors such as animal species, age, physiological state, feed type, method of retention, ratio and size of components, individual characteristics and others. The relationship between digestion and nutrient uptake in young pigs for fattening under the infl uence of Copper sulphate and the mixed-ligand complex of Copper added to the compound feed in diff erent quantities was investigated. The optimal dose of Copper in the compound feed for pig fattening pigs was established for feeding diff erent levels and sources of Copper. According to the results of the balance experiment, the best indices of the digestibility of nutrients were found in animals, the dose of the mixed-ligand complex of Copper in the compound feed was 21.2 g/t. With this dose of Copper chelate, the rate of digestibility of organic substances was 85.4 %, crude protein – 79.3 %, crude fat – 68.1 %, crude fi ber– 41.8 % and nitrogen-free extractives – 90.5 %, which exceeded control analogues, respectively, by 1.5%, 3.4; 2,7; 9.7 and 1.1 %. It was also found that the highest levels of Nitrogen uptake were observed in the animals of the experimental groups fed the Copper chelate in the amounts of 21.2 and 15.4 g/t respectively – 54.4 % and 54.3 %, respectively, by 9.9 % (p≤0.05) and 9.7 % higher compared to control animals. The impact of diff erent doses of mixed-ligand complex of Copper had an eff ect on the growth rates of animals, as evidenced by the results of live weight of pigs. The animals of the 4th and 5th experimental groups had the highest live weight, which fed the Copper bathrobe in the amount of 21.2 and 15.4 g/t of compound feed, which covered the Copper defi cit in the diet by 55 % and 40 %. Animals of these groups at the age of 150 days had a live weight of 2.3 % and 1.9 % more, respectively, compared to the same indicator in the control group. And at the age of 180 days pigs of the 4th experimental group were dominated by analogues of control by 3.8 %, and by 5th – by 3.3 %. Therefore, the results of the studies indicate a positive eff ect of the addition of organic-mineral origin of the mixed-ligand complex of Copper on the growth and development of young pigs on fattening.
Key words: live weight, digestibility coeffi cient, pigs, fattening, organic substances, protein, fat, fi ber, Copper.
The life expectancy of ukrainian brown dairy breed cows depending on linear estimation of the udder morphological characteristics
Authors: Khmelnychyі L. , Vechorka V. , Khmelnychyi S.
Published: August 2020

The Estimation of dairy cattle cows by morphological characteristics of the udder is an important element in the system of linear classifi cation of dairy cattle. This is due to the existence of a correlation between the linear characteristics of the udder and indicators of milk productivity and longevity of cows. Studies on the impact of assessing the linear characteristics of the exterior on the life expectancy of dairy cows are motivated and relevant. The exterior type of fi rst-born cows was evaluated according to the method of linear classifi cation in the leading farms of Sumy region for breeding Ukrainian brown dairy breed. According to the descriptive method of the 9-point scale, the fi ve most important morphological features of the udder in terms of selection and technological signifi cance were studied. They are:an anterior attachment, posterior attachment height, central ligament, udder depth and anterior teat location. The signifi cant infl uence of udder morphological features on the life expectancy of cows was established. Each of the evaluated linear traits aff ects the life expectancy of a cow with diff erent relative variability of estimates within a particular sex. As for the evaluating of the anterior attachment of the udder, the diff erence between the cows, rated at 1 and 8 points, was 681 days (P <0.001). The diff erence between the low (1 point) score for the height of the attachment of the udder at the back and the highest (9 points) was 610 days (P <0.001). Animals (17.3%) with a grade for the condition of the central ligament of the udder below average (1–4 points) were used from 2436 to 2156 days. Meanwhile, cows with the highest score of 9 points diff ered in longevity – 2786 days, exceeding cows with scores of 1–4 points by 350–630 days (P <0.001). Cows with the highest udder relatively to the hocks, with a score of 8, have the diff erence in life expectancy 597 days (P <0.001), compared to animals with the most lowered udder. Cows with a score for the location of the front teats had 5 points and lived longer by 156–484 days (P <0.001), compared with cows with a score of 1–4 points.
Key words: Ukrainian brown dairy breed, udder, linear type traits, life expectancy.
Annual dynamics of microclimate parameters in sections with ventilation system of uniform pressure depending on live weight of animals
Authors: Ladyka V. , Khmelnychyi L. , Shpetnyi M. , Vechorka V.
Published: August 2020

In the conditions of industrial complex the annual dynamics of microclimate parameters in the premises for growing piglets depending on their mass in the section for ventilation system of uniform pressure was studied. It was found that the microclimate parameters varied depending on the live weight of animals in the technological section throughout the year. In summer the room air temperature was above recommended norms and the relative humidity was within its limits. The average air velocity in the room was on the verge of minimum permissible norms for summer and was dependent on the location of the machine in the section and increased with increasing age of piglets. The carbon dioxide content was within the maximum allowable concentration until piglets reached 49 days of age, and in the older age groups exceeded the MPC by 0.02-0.06% / vol. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide content did not exceed the MPC and had a clear tendency to raise its concentration with increasing age of piglets. In winter and transitional seasons, the indoor air temperature complied with recommended standards. Inside air humidity of the room was at the upper limit for piglets of this technological group, and from the second half of growing season exceeded the recommended standards. The air velocity was within the normal range for relevant period and did not provide high-quality gas composition of the air. From the second to the seventh week, the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeded the MPC by 5-90% and increased with increasing piglet age. The concentration of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the room air at all ages of growing season was within the MPC, but in the second half of rearing period, approaching its upper limit. In all seasons, except in summer, the supply and exhaust ventilation of uniform pressure provided the optimum temperature regime in the premises of pigsty with growing of piglets and satisfactory air content of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and its humidity. The concentration of carbon dioxide in all periods of the year, except summer, was higher than maximum permissible concentration.
Key words: microclimate, piglets, growing, season, ventilation.
Initial Experience of Retroperitoneoscopic Surgery in Benign Renal Diseases
Authors: Kunwar Ashok kumar , Upadhyay Amit Mani , Shrestha Sanjesh Bhakta , Koirala Udaya , Tiwari Kabir , Dangal Ganesh
Published: August 2020

Background: To review our early experience to determine the feasibility, efficacy and clinical outcomes of retroperitoneoscopic surgery in benign renal diseases.Methods: This is a prospective observational study carried out between December 2014 to March 2018. Among 14 patients enrolled in the study, 9 cases of nonfunctioning kidney underwent retroperitoneoscopic simple nephrectony, 4 cases of benign renal cortical cysts underwent decortication of cysts and one case of pelviureteric junction obstruction underwent Anderson Hynes pyeloplasty. Results: Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy, renal cyst decortication and A-H pyeloplasty were performed in 13 patients successfully. The procedure in one patient of RP nephrectomy converted to open surgery due to dense perinephric and hilar adhesions. Which resulted to failure to progress. The mean operative time of RP nephrectomy, decortications and pyeloplasty were 206.4 (150-248), 67.5 (60-80) and 275 minutes, average blood loss was 96.7 (50-120), 27.5 (20-30) and 70 ml, and the mean hospital stay were 3.5 (3-4), 2 (2-2) and 4 days respectively. The perioperative period was uneventful.Conclusions: Retroperitoneoscopic surgery is feasible and safe in benign renal diseases. Because of reduced post operative pain and less chances of bowel injury, retroperitoneoscopic surgery is gaining more popularity.Keywords: Nonfunctioning kidney; pyeloplasty; renal cyst; retroperitoneoscopic surgery.
Evaluation of Abnormal Cervix with Visual Inspection under Acetic Acid and Colposcopy
Authors: Bhattachan Kabin , Dangal Ganesh , Karki Aruna , Pradhan Hema Kumari , Shrestha Ranjana , Parajuli Sharmila , Poudel Rekah , Bajracharya Nishma , Tiwari Kenusha
Published: August 2020

Background: Cervical cancer is a major public health problem especially in developing countries. It can be prevented through implementation of routine screening program. There are different screening methods but their efficacy are still questionable. So the purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy to detect precancerous lesion in women with clinically unhealthy or abnormal cervix.Methods: Forty patients with abnormal cervix (35) and abnormal pap smear results (5) were enrolled for the study in outpatient department of Kathmandu Model Hospital. Patients were evaluated with visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy in the same sitting. Cervical punch biopsy were taken from suspected lesion or from four quadrant if colposcopy findings were normal and sent for histopathological examination. The finding of visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy were correlated with histopathological finding and compared with each other.Results: The age of participants ranged from 24 to 68 years with mean age of 38.17 years and mean parity of 2.25. visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy were positive in eight (20%) and ten (25%) respectively. There were five (12.5%) cases of histopathologically proven lesion. The sensitivity of visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and colposcopy were 80% and 100 % respectively and that of specificity were 88.5% and 85.5%.Conclusions: visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid is an effective screening tool with comparable sensitivity and specificity. It can be used as alternative screening methods especially in low income resource countries where the burden of disease is high.Keywords: Cervical cancer; Colposcopy; screening; VIA.
Exploring feeding physiology of Mytilus edulis across geographic and fjord gradients in low-seston environments
Authors: Steeves L , Strohmeier T , Filgueira R , Strand Ø
Published: August 2020

It is important to be able to predict the growth of filter-feeding bivalves, as they grow in dense populations both naturally and for commercial production. To understand the growth of bivalves it is necessary to have a mechanistic understanding of how they acquire energy through ingestion. This study was designed to understand if capture efficiency (CE), a primary step in ingestion for filter-feeders, is variable in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. CE was measured using natural seston in 3 populations of naturally occurring M. edulis and within 2 populations along a fjord gradient. Differences in CE were found within a single population as well as along the fjord gradient. To determine if these differences were driven by short- or long-term changes, a single population of mussels was reciprocally transplanted between 2 locations along a fjord. This study is the first time CE has been measured within a population of M. edulis using a regional transplant experiment. Results showed that CE may vary between populations and change within populations, indicating that CE seems primarily driven by environmental cues. Pumping and overall ingestion rates differed between populations and varied within populations. For widely distributed species in changing environments, it is increasingly relevant to understand the limits of plasticity of specific traits to be able to predict their growth, survival, and distribution. Here, we aimed to provide a more mechanistic description of CE, pumping rate, and overall ingestion in M. edulis.
Earthquake effects on abalone habitats and populations in southern New Zealand
Authors: Gerrity S , Alestra T , Fischman HS , Schiel DR
Published: August 2020

The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake lifted 140 km of coastline on New Zealand’s South Island by up to 6.4 m. This caused extensive mortality and destruction of habitat critical for early life stages of blackfoot abalone Haliotis iris (called pāua), a species of cultural and commercial importance. The fishery for pāua was closed, at considerable financial loss to local communities. This study determined the extent to which habitats and populations of pāua survived along the coastline. With aerial imaging, the coast was categorised into broad habitats at a 10 m scale. This was used to select areas for in situ assessments of pāua populations and specific habitat features at 26 sites over 1.5 yr. We quantified key habitat features to identify correlates and potential drivers of pāua abundance and distribution. We found that despite extensive habitat degradation from uplift, erosion and sedimentation, abundant pāua in size classes <30 mm shell length indicated that successful settlement and juvenile recruitment had occurred soon after the earthquake. Pāua up to 170 mm shell length also survived in shallow habitats. A generalized linear mixed model showed that pāua were negatively influenced by the degree of uplift, and positively associated with the cover of unconsolidated layered rocks. Juvenile pāua (<85 mm) abundance was greatest at sites with <2.5 m of uplift. There was further recruitment 1.5 yr post-earthquake and evidence of good growth of the previous year’s cohort. Despite major disruption to this coastline, there appears to be very good potential for recovery of pāua and the fishery.
Littoral habitats as major nursery areas for fish species in estuaries: a reinforcement of the reduced predation paradigm
Authors: Whitfield AK
Published: August 2020

For many decades, the role of estuaries as important nursery areas for fishes was accepted as fact by scientists and environmental managers. At the turn of the 21st century, a question mark was raised in relation to the reduced predation component of the nursery function, with some scientists contending that both large and small piscivorous fish species had access to the estuarine habitats that juvenile fishes in estuaries occupied. If true on a global scale, the nursery designation for these habitats would be compromised and the long-held paradigm that estuaries are important nursery areas for fishes would need to be revised. In this review, I examine the nature of fish nursery areas in estuarine littoral habitats from a mainly predation perspective and, based on a variety of ichthyofaunal and avifaunal studies, come to the conclusion that apart from a few selected estuarine systems, there is limited predation on juvenile fishes in these particular areas. This, coupled with the abundant suitable food resources for juvenile fish from different trophic categories, shelter from high-energy marine wave action and biological connectivity between a variety of submerged and emergent macrophyte communities, renders shallow estuarine littoral areas ideal nursery areas for the juveniles of mostly euryhaline marine fish species, the dominant component of estuarine ichthyofaunas globally. In addition, there are strong indications from the fossil record that these littoral estuarine nursery areas have been functioning since the Devonian, more than 350 million years ago.
Estimation of between-Cow Variability in Nutrient Digestion of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Corn-Based Diets
Authors: Tharangani Himali , Lu Changwen , Zhao Liansheng , Ma Lu , Guo Xusheng , Weiss William P. , Bu Dengpan
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study was to estimate cow variability that can be used to determine the optimal sample size for digestibility trials using lactating dairy cows. Experimental design was randomized complete block design having three blocks and three dietary treatments. Three similarly managed nearby intensive farms were considered as blocks, and three diets were formulated to have 0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 neutral detergent fiber (NDF): starch ratio. In each farm, 18 cows were assigned for each dietary treatment and five sample sizes per each treatment group were simulated by simple random sampling of data from 18, 15, 12, 9 and 6 cows respectively. Intake was not affected by diet or sample size (p > 0.05). Estimated cow variability (as standard deviation) for digestibility of dry matter, NDF and starch were 3.8 g/kg, 5.1 g/kg and 3.3 g/kg, respectively. A major implication of this study is that cow variability is greatest for NDF digestibility and the use of a minimum of 12 cows per dietary treatment is adequate to reliably detect treatment effects on the digestibility of NDF, starch and dry matter using cows fed in groups with randomized block design under these experimental conditions.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia–Pyometra Complex in the Bitch: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Quartuccio Marco , Liotta Luigi , Cristarella Santo , Lanteri Giovanni , Ieni Antonio , D’Arrigo Tiziana , De Majo Massimo
Published: August 2020

In cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)–pyometra syndrome, toxic factors and endometrial remodeling culminate in changes characterized by exudative and degenerative inflammatory reaction. Recent studies on hemodynamic found an increased blood flow and lower vascular resistance in uterine arteries, suggesting color Doppler ultrasound as an adjunctive tool for quantitative assessment of endometrial vascularization during pyometra. The aim of this study was to assess, through contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) exam, the vascularization in endometrial microvessels in CEH-pyometra in order to evaluate the possibility of application in this syndrome. In twelve female dogs with clinical symptoms related to pyometra, B-mode, color Doppler and CEUS exams were performed. In CEH-pyometra uteri, histopathological examination revealed severe CEH and pyometra, immunohistochemical stain with CD 34 confirmed the presence of angiogenesis. CEUS exams revealed a widespread, intense and rapidly developing homogeneous enhancement of the hyperplastic endometrium, with absence of signal only in cystic areas. All parameters of the quantitative analysis were not significantly influenced by region of interest dimension and position. CEUS has the potential to improve clinical not invasive evaluations in the CEH-pyometra syndrome and virtually in CEH-mucometra.
Effect of Expressions and SNPs of Candidate Genes on Intramuscular Fat Content in Qinchuan Cattle
Authors: Li Yaxing , Cheng Gong , Yamada Takahisa , Liu Jianfeng , Zan Linsen , Tong Bin
Published: August 2020

Marbling is characterized by the amount and distribution of intramuscular fat (IMF). The AKIRIN2, TTN, EDG1, and MYBPC1 genes are well-known marbling-related genes, which were first identified in Japanese Black beef cattle. The objectives of this study were to analyze the correlation of the expression levels of these genes in the longissimus muscle (LM) with IMF content, and the associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes and IMF content in Chinese Qinchuan cattle (n = 350). The association analyses showed that the g.42041062G>T SNP in the EDG1 gene was significantly associated with IMF content in Qinchuan (p < 0.05). Further, the expressions of the EDG1 and MYBPC1 were up-regulated (p < 0.05) in LM of Qinchuan cattle group with low IMF content. Down-regulations of the AKIRIN2 and TTN genes (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) were observed in the Qinchuan cattle group with high IMF content. These results suggest possible effects of the expression levels of selected genes on IMF content in the LM, and the g.42041062G>T SNP in the EDG1 gene might be useful as a molecular marker for IMF content in Qinchuan.
Phenotypic Characterization of Encephalitis and Immune Response in the Brains of Lambs Experimentally Infected with Spanish Goat Encephalitis Virus
Authors: Martínez Ileana Z. , Pérez-Martínez Claudia , Salinas Luis M. , Juste Ramón A. , García Marín Juan F. , Balseiro Ana
Published: August 2020

Spanish goat encephalitis virus (SGEV), a novel subtype of tick-borne flavivirus closely related to louping ill virus, causes a neurological disease in experimentally infected goats and lambs. Here, the distribution of microglia, T and B lymphocytes, and astrocytes was determined in the encephalon and spinal cord of eight Assaf lambs subcutaneously infected with SGEV. Cells were identified based on immunohistochemical staining against Iba1 (microglia), CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD20 (B lymphocytes), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (astrocytes). In glial foci and perivascular cuffing areas, microglia were the most abundant cell type (45.4% of immunostained cells), followed by T lymphocytes (18.6%) and B lymphocytes (4.4%). Thalamus, hypothalamus, corpus callosum, and medulla oblongata contained the largest areas occupied by glial foci. Reactive astrogliosis occurred to a greater extent in the lumbosacral spinal cord than in other regions of the central nervous system. Lesions were more frequent on the side of the animal experimentally infected with the virus. Lesions were more severe in lambs than in goats, suggesting that lambs may be more susceptible to SGEV, which may be due to species differences or to interindividual differences in the immune response, rather than to differences in the relative proportions of immune cells. Larger studies that monitor natural or experimental infections may help clarify local immune responses to this flavivirus subtype in the central nervous system.
Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure of the Wild Tsushima Leopard Cat from Genome-Wide Analysis
Authors: Ito Hideyuki , Nakajima Nobuyoshi , Onuma Manabu , Murayama Miho
Published: August 2020

The Tsushima leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) lives on Tsushima Island in Japan and is a regional population of the Amur leopard cat; it is threatened with extinction. Its genetic management is important because of the small population. We used genotyping by random amplicon sequencing-direct (GRAS-Di) to develop a draft genome and explore single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The SNPs were analyzed using three genotyping methods (mapping de novo, to the Tsushima leopard cat draft genome, and to the domestic cat genome). We examined the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the Tsushima leopard cat. The genome size was approximately 2.435 Gb. The number of SNPs identified was 133–158. The power of these markers was sufficient for individual and parentage identifications. These SNPs can provide useful information about the life of the Tsushima leopard cat and the pairings and for the introduction of founders to conserve genetic diversity with ex situ conservation. We identified that there are no subpopulations of the Tsushima leopard cat. The identifying units will allow for a concentration of efforts for conservation. SNPs can be applied to the analysis of the leopard cat in other regions, making them useful for comparisons among populations and conservation in other small populations.
Metabolism, Ketosis Treatment and Milk Production after Using Glycerol in Dairy Cows: A Review
Authors: Kupczyński Robert , Szumny Antoni , Wujcikowska Katarzyna , Pachura Natalia
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is to review and systematize the current state of knowledge on glycol metabolism in cattle. Glycerol, derived from biodiesel production, must be purified in order to be a useful product for feeding livestock. The use of glycerol in the feeding of ruminants can be justified for several reasons: (i) it is a source of energy in the ration, (ii) it is a glucogenic precursor, and (iii) it may have an effect on milk composition. The high energy value of glycerol provides the opportunity to use this raw material as a partial grain substitute in cattle feed rations. Dietary supplementation of glycerol is associated with increased propionate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations in the rumen. Glycerol can be used at up to 10%–15% of the dietary dry matter (DM) and is well-established as a treatment for ketosis in cows. Glycerol increases plasma glucose and may reduce non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate levels. The use of glycerol does not have a clear effect on DM intake, milk yield, or milk composition. However, some authors have reported an increase in milk yield after glycerol supplementation associated with decreased milk fat concentration. It is also possible that the concentration in the milk of odd-chain fatty acids and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid may increase after glycerol application.
Behavioural Evaluation of a Leash Tension Meter Which Measures Pull Direction and Force during Human–Dog On-Leash Walks
Authors: Shih Hao-Yu , Georgiou Fillipe , Curtis Robert , Paterson Mandy , Phillips Clive
Published: August 2020

Leash tension forces exerted by dog and handler during walks affect their welfare. We developed a novel ambulatory measurement device using a load cell and a tri-axial accelerometer to record both the tension and direction of forces exerted on the leashes. Data were relayed telemetrically to a laptop for real time viewing and recording. Larger and heavier dogs exerted higher leash tension but had a lower pulling frequency than their smaller and lighter conspecifics. This pattern was observed in the reactional forces of handlers. Young dogs pulled more frequently during walks, which was also mirrored in handlers’ pulling. Well-behaved dogs created lower leash tension, but handlers did not respond with lower forces. This novel method of recording leash tension will facilitate real-time monitoring of the behaviour of dogs and their handlers during walks.
Obesity-Induced Heart Rate Variability Impairment and Decreased Systolic Function in Obese Male Dogs
Authors: Pongkan Wanpitak , Jitnapakarn Wannida , Phetnoi Warunee , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak , Boonyapakorn Chavalit
Published: August 2020

Obesity can induce cardiovascular diseases in both humans and animals. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an indicator of sympathovagal balance and is used to identify cardiovascular diseases in humans. However, HRV and cardiac function have rarely been investigated in obese dogs. This study investigated the effect of obesity on oxidative stress, HRV, and cardiac function in obese and non-obese dogs. The nine-scale body condition score (BCS) system was used to determine obesity. Thirty small breed dogs were divided into a normal weight group (n = 15) and an obese group (n = 15). All dogs underwent physical examination, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) measurement, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and two hours of Holter monitoring. This study found that obese dogs had increased plasma MDA and sympathovagal imbalance, which was indicated by impaired time and frequency domains compared to normal weight dogs. Although cardiac function was within normal limits, the echocardiographic study found that the obese dogs had reduced cardiac wall thickness and lower systolic function, as indicated by a reduction in %ejection fraction, %fractional shortening, increased left ventricular (LV) internal diameter during systole, and LV end-systolic volume compared to normal weight dogs. This study concluded that obesity in dogs can induce increased plasma oxidative stress, impaired HRV, and reduced cardiac systolic function compared to non-obese dogs.
An Update on Molecular Tools for Genetic Engineering of Actinomycetes—The Source of Important Antibiotics and Other Valuable Compounds
Authors: Mitousis Lena , Thoma Yvonne , Musiol-Kroll Ewa M.
Published: August 2020

The first antibiotic-producing actinomycete (Streptomyces antibioticus) was described by Waksman and Woodruff in 1940. This discovery initiated the “actinomycetes era”, in which several species were identified and demonstrated to be a great source of bioactive compounds. However, the remarkable group of microorganisms and their potential for the production of bioactive agents were only partially exploited. This is caused by the fact that the growth of many actinomycetes cannot be reproduced on artificial media at laboratory conditions. In addition, sequencing, genome mining and bioactivity screening disclosed that numerous biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), encoded in actinomycetes genomes are not expressed and thus, the respective potential products remain uncharacterized. Therefore, a lot of effort was put into the development of technologies that facilitate the access to actinomycetes genomes and activation of their biosynthetic pathways. In this review, we mainly focus on molecular tools and methods for genetic engineering of actinomycetes that have emerged in the field in the past five years (2015–2020). In addition, we highlight examples of successful application of the recently developed technologies in genetic engineering of actinomycetes for activation and/or improvement of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
Evolution of Plume Core Structures and Turbulence during a Wildland Fire Experiment
Authors: Arreola Amaya Maritza , Clements Craig B.
Published: August 2020

Micrometeorological observations were made during a prescribed fire experiment conducted in a region of complex terrain with grass fuels and weak ambient winds of 3 m s−1. The experiment allowed for the analysis of plume and turbulence structures including individual plume core evolution during fire front passage. Observations were made using a suite of in situ and remote sensing instruments strategically placed at the base of a gully with a 24° slope angle. The fire did not spread upwards along the gully because the ambient wind was not in alignment with the slope, demonstrating that unexpected fire spread can occur under weak wind conditions. Our observational results show that plume overturning caused downward heat transport of −64 kW m−2 to occur and that this mixing of warmer plume air downward to the surface may result in increased preheating of fine fuels. Plume evolution was associated with the formation of two plume cores, caused by vigorous entrainment and mixing into the plume. Furthermore, the turbulence kinetic energy observed within the plume was dominated by horizontal velocity variances, likely caused by increased fire-induced circulations into the plume core. These observations highlight the nature of plume core separation and evolution and provide context for understanding the plume dynamics of larger and more intense wildfires.
Wave-Kinetic Approach to Collective Atomic Emission
Authors: Mendonça José Tito , Serbêto Antonio P. B.
Published: August 2020

We study the collective scattering of radiation by a large ensemble of Na≫1 atoms, in the presence of a pump field. We use the wave-kinetic approach where the center-of-mass position of the moving atoms is described by a microscopic discrete distribution, or alternatively, by a Wigner distribution. This approach can include thermal effects and quantum recoil in a natural way, and even consider atomic ensembles out of equilibrium. We assume two-level atoms with atomic transition frequency ωa very different from the frequency ω0 of the pump field. We consider both the quasi-classical and quantum descriptions of the center-of-mass motion. In both cases, we establish the unstable regimes where coherent emission of radiation can take place.
Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin as a Green Co-Solvent in the Aqueous Extraction of Polyphenols from Waste Orange Peels
Authors: Lakka Achillia , Lalas Stavros , Makris Dimitris P.
Published: August 2020

There is, to-date, an expanding interest concerning the use of cyclodextrins as green food-grade co-solvents in the aqueous extraction of polyphenols, however, data regarding polyphenol extraction from waste orange peels (WOP) are lacking. On this ground, hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), a highly water-soluble cyclodextrin, was used to develop a simple and straightforward methodology for the effective recovery of WOP polyphenols. Process optimization by response surface showed that maximum total polyphenol recovery (26.30 ± 1.49 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1 dry mass) could be accomplished with 15 mM HP-β-CD at 40 °C. On the other hand, integration of ultrasonication pretreatment was found unsuitable, as it resulted in reduced polyphenol yield. Examination of solvent acidity indicated that polyphenol extraction may be enhanced at pH 4, but the difference was non-significant (p > 0.05) compared to yields attained at pH 2, 3, and 5. Extraction of WOP polyphenols with HP-β-CD was shown to provide significantly higher hesperidin yield compared to 60% (v/v) aqueous ethanol, which suggested selectivity of HP-β-CD toward this polyphenolic metabolite.
Effects of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Human Auditory Processing and Behavior—A Review
Authors: Wang Yao , Shi Limeng , Dong Gaoyuan , Zhang Zuoying , Chen Ruijuan
Published: August 2020

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) can adjust the membrane potential by applying a weak current on the scalp to change the related nerve activity. In recent years, tES has proven its value in studying the neural processes involved in human behavior. The study of central auditory processes focuses on the analysis of behavioral phenomena, including sound localization, auditory pattern recognition, and auditory discrimination. To our knowledge, studies on the application of tES in the field of hearing and the electrophysiological effects are limited. Therefore, we reviewed the neuromodulatory effect of tES on auditory processing, behavior, and cognitive function and have summarized the physiological effects of tES on the auditory cortex.
Localization of ZIP14 and ZIP8 in HIBCPP Cells
Authors: Morgan Shannon E. , Schroten Horst , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Zhao Ningning
Published: August 2020

The blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) is important in maintaining brain manganese (Mn) homeostasis. This barrier consists of a single layer of epithelial cells, connected by tight junctions, that restrict the passage of nutrients to only allow molecules to be carried through the membrane by a transporter. These epithelial cells are polarized with asymmetrical blood-facing and cerebrospinal fluid-facing sides. Here, we have established a polarized model of a human choroid plexus papilloma cell line, HIBCPP. For the first time, Mn importers ZIP14 and ZIP8 were identified in HIBCPP cells and were found to be enriched at the basolateral and apical sides of the cell monolayer, respectively. The localization of each ZIP protein adds to the understanding of Mn transport across the HIBCPP BCB model to help understand the mechanism of Mn homeostasis within the brain.
Hopf Bifurcations in Complex Multiagent Activity: The Signature of Discrete to Rhythmic Behavioral Transitions
Authors: Patil Gaurav , Nalepka Patrick , Kallen Rachel W. , Richardson Michael J.
Published: August 2020

Most human actions are composed of two fundamental movement types, discrete and rhythmic movements. These movement types, or primitives, are analogous to the two elemental behaviors of nonlinear dynamical systems, namely, fixed-point and limit cycle behavior, respectively. Furthermore, there is now a growing body of research demonstrating how various human actions and behaviors can be effectively modeled and understood using a small set of low-dimensional, fixed-point and limit cycle dynamical systems (differential equations). Here, we provide an overview of these dynamical motorprimitives and detail recent research demonstrating how these dynamical primitives can be used to model the task dynamics of complex multiagent behavior. More specifically, we review how a task-dynamic model of multiagent shepherding behavior, composed of rudimentary fixed-point and limit cycle dynamical primitives, can not only effectively model the behavior of cooperating human co-actors, but also reveals how the discovery and intentional use of optimal behavioral coordination during task learning is marked by a spontaneous, self-organized transition between fixed-point and limit cycle dynamics (i.e., via a Hopf bifurcation).