bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination Therapy of an Antibody Specific for Transferrin Receptor 1 (ch128.1/IgG1) With Bortezomib or Lenalidomide Results in Increased Survival in an In Vivo Model of Human Multiple Myeloma: A Brief Communication
Authors: Candelaria Pierre V. , Nava Miguel , Martínez-Maza Otoniel , Daniels-Wells Tracy R. , Penichet Manuel L.
Published: April 2022

Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) is a universal cancer marker and a meaningful target for antibody-based immunotherapy. We previously developed a mouse/human chimeric antibody (ch128.1/IgG1) specific for the human TfR1 and reported that treatment of SCID-Beige mice bearing disseminated human multiple myeloma (MM) cells with ch128.1/IgG1 results in significant antitumor activity in early-stage and late-stage disease. Both bortezomib and lenalidomide are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved therapeutics used to treat MM in combination with other agents. Since combining treatments with different mechanisms of action is an effective antitumor strategy and given the relevance of bortezomib and lenalidomide in MM therapy, we decided to explore, for the first time, the combination of bortezomib or lenalidomide treatment with ch128.1/IgG1 within the context of late-stage MM disease. We found that treatment with a single dose of ch128.1/IgG1, or multiple doses of bortezomib or lenalidomide, used as single agents, results in significant antitumor activity in SCID-Beige mice bearing late-stage disseminated human MM.1S tumors. However, this antitumor activity is superior when ch128.1/IgG1 is combined with either bortezomib or lenalidomide, showing significantly longer survival compared with any therapy used alone. These novel results suggest that the combinations of ch128.1/IgG1 and bortezomib or lenalidomide are promising strategies against MM.
Two-stage Radiofrequency-assisted Lipoabdominoplasty
Authors: Stein Michael J. , Theodorou Spero , Chia Christopher T.
Published: April 2022

Decades of lipoabdominoplasty safety, reliability, and efficacy have permitted more aggressive contouring of the abdominoplasty flap without increased risk for wound healing complications. However, the recent introduction of unrestricted liposuction of all vascular zones and high-definition liposculpting continue to challenge the vascularity of the abdominoplasty flap, particularly in high-risk patients. The present study reviews the authors' approach to abdominal lipodystrophy, and introduces a technique which maximizes fat extraction and skin excision while reducing risk of complication (two-stage radiofrequency-assisted liposuction and abdominoplasty).
The Management of Postsurgical Pyoderma Gangrenosum following Breast Surgery
Authors: Edinger Kylie M. , Rao Venkat K.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare condition characterized by ulcerative lesion development at surgical sites. It is frequently misdiagnosed as infection and mismanaged with surgical debridement, which only worsens the condition. Achieving the correct diagnosis is crucial to delivering the appropriate medical therapy. This article presents four clinical cases of postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum in breast surgery patients, and proposes a work-up schematic to aid in its diagnosis based on literature review and author experience.

Methods:

Four patients who developed postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum following breast surgery were identified by chart review at our institution.

Results:

The cases include two breast reduction patients, an abdominally based breast reconstruction patient, and a breast augmentation patient. The time to diagnosis and treatment varied greatly between the patients, with diagnosis achieved as early as 13 days postoperatively to as late as one year postoperatively. Two of the four patients were initially mismanaged with surgical debridement, and all patients were treated with at least one course of antibiotics for a misdiagnosis of surgical site infection before they were correctly diagnosed.

Conclusions:

Postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare, ulcerative condition that is difficult to diagnose and often mismanaged with surgical debridement. Diagnosis requires a high clinical suspicion and should be considered in patients with ulcerative lesions resistant to antibiotic therapy, in patients who have bilateral lesions with NAC sparring, and in those with systemic inflammatory conditions. Diagnosis is usually delayed, so it is imperative that surgeons keep this diagnosis in mind when treating breast patients with postsurgical wounds.
Midline Mandibular Cleft Repair: A Case Report
Authors: Ismaiel Wael Fawzy , Abdelazim Mohamed Hussein , Younes Ahmed , Hadeya Abdelgawad M. , Amin Mahmoud Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Midline clefts of the lower lip and mandible are extremely uncommon. Couronne reported the first case in 1819, and fewer than 80 cases have been discovered in the literature to date. This case report describes a female infant who was born having a full midline cleft of the mandible and lower lip, as well as neck flexion contracture that extended from the lower lip to the manubrium sterni. A fenestrated type of acrylic splint was applied over the mandibular arch and fixed by circum-mandibular wiring. Fixation was done using a 0.5 interosseous wire passing through the prepared hole and tightened over a previously harvested rib bone graft.
The COVID-19 Pandemic Consequences on Microsurgical Reconstructions: A Single Center’s Shift of Indications
Authors: Zindrou Darco , Halle Martin , Jakobsson Stina
Published: April 2022

Background:

Since its outbreak, the COVID-19-pandemic has had a tremendous impact on healthcare systems worldwide. We conducted a comparative study to analyze the pandemic’s consequence on microsurgical reconstructions at a reconstructive plastic surgery center in Sweden.

Method:

All free flaps performed at a single center between March 2019 and 2021 were analyzed. The patient cohort was divided into two groups, with a period of 1 year in each group: non-COVID-19 year and COVID-19 year. The periods were compared regarding the number and type of surgeries and patient characteristics.

Results:

In the year prior to the pandemic, 123 free flap surgeries were performed, compared with 103 surgeries during the COVID-19 year. There was a significant shift in the most common site for free flap reconstruction: from the breast [which decreased by 42% (66–38)] to head and neck [which increased by 22% (41–50); OR 0.53 (P = 0.02)]. This was also reflected by a significant increase in hospital stay for free flap patients during the COVID-19 year (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a shift was seen from breast reconstructions toward head and neck reconstructions as the most common free flap procedure performed. An increasing backlog of elective breast reconstructions demands increased resources and tougher priorities, which challenge the healthcare system in the post-COVID-19 era.
Lacrimal Sac Reconstruction Using a Nasal Mucosal Graft
Authors: Nowak Rafal , Nowak-Gospodarowicz Izabela , Rekas Marek , Ali Mohammad Javed
Published: April 2022

Iatrogenic lacrimal drainage trauma during surgery is not common. It has been reported during orbital surgeries, medial maxillectomies, post-trauma repairs, excision of adherent lesions in the vicinity, and facial reconstructive procedures. The present case reports a focal loss of the lacrimal sac wall during the excision of an intricate dermoid cyst. The defect was sealed by a nasal mucosal graft harvested from the floor of the ipsilateral nasal cavity. Postoperatively, the epiphora was resolved, and a CT-dacryocystography confirmed the anatomical integrity of the reconstructed lacrimal sac.
Changes in Adenoma Detection Rate From Full-Spectrum Endoscopy to Standard Forward-Viewing Endoscopy
Authors: Chang Tyler L. , Lewis Blair , Deutsch Netanel , Nulsen Benjamin
Published: April 2022

Goals:

The aim was to investigate the adenoma detection rate (ADR) of endoscopists who have used full-spectrum endoscopy (Fuse) for 3 years and revert back to traditional forward-viewing endoscopes (R-TFV) at an ambulatory surgical center.

Background:

Traditional forward viewing (TFV) endoscopes have 1 camera and provide an angle of view of 140 to 170 degrees, whereas Fuse provides a 330 degrees view through the addition of 2 side cameras. It has previously been reported that Fuse increased the ADR by 5.4% when compared with previous rates using TFV. Fuse is no longer commercially available. The ADR of endoscopists who revert back to TFV is unknown.

Study:

We conducted a retrospective analysis of data examining the ADR from average risk screening colonoscopies at a 5-room ambulatory surgical center where endoscopists transitioned from TFV to Fuse in April 2014 and then reverted back to TFV in 2016. The primary outcome was ADR. Secondary outcomes were ADR for advanced and right-sided adenomas.

Results:

A total of 6110 procedures were reviewed. The ADR was 23.70% for TFV, 29.02% for Fuse and 28.88% for R-TFV. The ADR for advanced adenomas was 3.8% for TFV, 6.0% for Fuse and 7.3% for R-TFV. The ADR for right-sided adenomas was 13.0% for TFV, 16.7% for Fuse and 16.0% for R-TFV. The results for all 3 categories showed a statistical difference between TFV and Fuse as well as between TFV and R-TFV. There were no statistical differences between the ADR of Fuse compared with R-TFV.

Conclusions:

During R-TFV, endoscopists are able to maintain their increased ability to detect adenomas. This would suggest that there was a change in behavior in endoscopists using Fuse that was durable.
Network Meta-analysis Comparing Vonoprazan and Proton Pump Inhibitors for Heartburn Symptoms in Erosive Esophagitis
Authors: Oshima Tadayuki , Igarashi Ataru , Nakano Hiroya , Deguchi Hisato , Fujimori Ikuo , Fernandez Jovelle
Published: April 2022

Goals:

This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to assess the relative efficacy of vonoprazan and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on early heartburn symptom resolution in patients with erosive esophagitis.

Background:

Limited available data directly compare the efficacy of vonoprazan, a first-in-class potassium-competitive acid blocker, with PPIs in erosive esophagitis.

Study:

We conducted a systematic literature review (in MEDLINE and CENTRAL) and subsequent network meta-analysis according to Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. Double-blind, randomized controlled trials in adults with erosive esophagitis treated with vonoprazan or a PPI were included in the analysis. Primary outcomes were heartburn symptom resolution rate on Day 1 and Day 7. The study was performed with all available data, using a random effects model within a Bayesian framework.

Results:

Overall, 10 randomized controlled trials were included in the network meta-analysis. For heartburn resolution rate on Day 1 (9 of 10 trials), vonoprazan 20 mg once daily (QD) was superior to placebo (median odds ratio=16.75, 95% credible interval: 2.16–207.80). Point estimates numerically favored vonoprazan 20 mg QD over other comparators. For heartburn resolution rate on Day 7 (10 of 10 trials), vonoprazan 20 mg QD was superior to placebo and other comparators except rabeprazole 20 mg QD. Point estimates numerically favored vonoprazan 20 mg QD over rabeprazole 20 mg QD.

Conclusions:

In this study, vonoprazan 20 mg QD was equally effective in heartburn resolution on Day 1, and equally or more effective on Day 7 versus PPIs in adults with erosive esophagitis.
Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of CT-P13 Between Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Kim Eun Soo , Kim Sung Kook , Park Dong Il , Kim Hyo Jong , Lee Yoo Jin , Koo Ja Seol , Kim Eun Sun , Yoon Hyuk , Lee Ji Hyun , Kim Ji Won , Shin Sung Jae , Kim Hyung Wook , Kim Hyun-Soo , Park Young Sook , Kim You Sun , Kim Tae Oh , Lee Jun , Choi Chang Hwan , Han Dong Soo , Chun Jaeyoung , Kim Hyun Soo ,   on behalf of the IBD Research Group in the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
Published: April 2022

Background:

We aimed to compare trough infliximab levels and the development of antidrug antibody (ADA) for 1 year between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients who were biologic-naive, and to evaluate their impact on clinical outcomes.

Methods:

This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study. Biologic-naive patients with moderate to severe CD or UC who started CT-P13, an infliximab biosimilar, therapy were enrolled. Trough drug and ADA levels were measured periodically for 1 year after CT-P13 initiation.

Results:

A total of 267 patients who received CT-P13 treatment were included (CD 168, UC 99). The rates of clinical remission (72% vs. 32.3%, P<0.001) at week 54 were significantly higher in CD than in UC. The median trough drug level (μg/mL) was significantly higher in CD than in UC up to week 14 (week 2, 18.7 vs. 14.7, P<0.001; week 6, 12.5 vs. 8.6, P<0.001; week 14, 3.4 vs. 2.5, P=0.001). The median ADA level (AU/mL) was significantly lower in CD than in UC at week 2 (6.3 vs. 6.5, P=0.046), week 30 (7.9 vs. 11.8, P=0.007), and week 54 (9.3 vs. 12.3, P=0.032). Development of ADA at week 2 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.15, P=0.026], initial C-reactive protein level (aOR=0.87, P=0.032), and CD over UC (aOR=1.92, P<0.001) were independent predictors of clinical remission at week 54.

Conclusion:

Infliximab shows more favorable pharmacokinetics, including high drug trough and low ADA levels, in CD than in UC, which might result in better clinical outcomes for 1-year infliximab treatment in CD patients.
Development of an End-of-Life Nursing Care Protocol for Intensive Care Units
Authors: Kim Jungeun , Yun Hye Young , Kim Euni Ji , Kim Hyunsook , Kim Geon Ah , Kim Sung Ha , Koo Jayoung , Park Ju Youn , Park Aisoon , Han Eugene , Kim So Yeon , Jeong Jihye , Kim Sanghee
Published: April 2022

Because of the lack of guidelines and standardized protocols for end-of-life nursing care in intensive care units in Korea, many nurses have reported facing difficulties when providing care for patients. This study attempted to develop a standardized end-of-life nursing protocol for use in intensive care units. A draft of the end-of-life nursing care protocol was developed after a literature review. A Delphi survey was carried out twice with 30 experts, and the content validity ratio of the items was investigated. The draft end-of-life nursing care protocol was divided into 3 separate stages with 24 items: 8 initial end-of-life care assessment items, 5 ongoing end-of-life care items, and 11 post–end-of-life care items. The content validity ratios of the first and second rounds were 0.33 or greater in each category, demonstrating the validity of the proposed draft as a standardized protocol. Furthermore, at the suggestion of the experts, an extra item was added in the last stage, resulting in 25 items. The results of this study are expected to help leading hospitals in South Korea outline the roles and range of tasks for end-of-life care in an intensive care unit and thereby resolve difficulties for nurses. Furthermore, this will improve the medical services that family members receive during end-of-life care.
Attitudes Toward Neonatal Palliative Care Among Turkish Nurses and Physicians
Authors: Girgin Burcu Aykanat , Gözen Duygu , Aktaş Eda , Ergün Kübra
Published: April 2022

Few studies have examined and compared neonatal physicians' and nurses' attitudes toward palliative care. This comparative study sought to evaluate attitudes toward neonatal palliative care in neonatal nurses and physicians and identify associated facilitators and barriers. This comparative, cross-sectional study included 173 neonatal intensive care unit staff (149 neonatal nurses and 24 neonatal physicians) in 2 hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. Data were collected using the Turkish version of the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale. The results of the study revealed 8 facilitators and 9 barriers to neonatal palliative care. Nurses were significantly more likely than physicians to agree that parents are informed about palliative care options in their unit (P = .008), that caring for dying infants is traumatic (P = .007), and that their willingness to provide palliative care is influenced by their personal attitudes toward death (P = .015). This study demonstrates the importance of parents' active involvement in the palliative care process, the establishment of standard policies and guidelines, and the provision of vocational and in-service education programs to support palliative care. Initiatives to strengthen facilitators and mitigate barriers are needed to optimize the implementation of palliative care in NICUs.
The 2022 ANCC Institute for Credentialing Research and Quality Management Priorities
Authors: Cámpoli Marcela , Mulvey Tanya
Published: April 2022

It is imperative that we listen to our nation's nurses, who have a unique vantage point from their clinical environments. Clinical research nurses have greatly contributed to studying the delivery of care over the years; however, since 2020, COVID-19 has brought unprecedented changes within the nursing profession. Each wave of the pandemic has created a worrisome landscape where nurse researchers face multiple challenges in implementing and funding practice-based nursing-led research projects. To raise nurses' voices and promote nurse-led research, the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) Research Council 2022 Research Priorities include the dissemination of a research agenda for practice-based research, promoting interprofessional research, and encouraging equitable and inclusive participation on research teams.
Do Nurse Managers Feel Competent in the Financial and Business Aspects of Their Roles?
Authors: Welch Teresa D.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of 3 variables on unit-based nurse managers' self-perception of business and financial competence in patient care: 1) educational degree; 2) participation in leadership development continuing education; and 3) prior nursing management experience.

BACKGROUND

Nurse managers must develop business acumen to support patient care and the nurses who provide care. Successful managers must become fluent in the language of finance and must understand how to use it. Their ability to promote continuous quality improvement (QI) in a cost-effective, resource-conscious manner is the foundation of economic viability.

METHODS

A feasibility study was conducted using Facebook to recruit nurse managers nationally and to distribute an electronic survey designed to assess the unit-based managers' self-perceptions of business and financial competence in patient care.

RESULTS

The strongest predictors of self-perceived business and financial competence were continuing education and MSN degree. Years of experience in a leadership role did not predict self-reported levels of business or financial competence in patient care.

CONCLUSION

Findings suggest that nursing leadership competency in the area of finance is developed through continuing education. Healthcare organizations should implement comprehensive nursing leadership mentoring and orientation programs for nurse managers to improve their self-perceptions of business and financial competencies.
Expression Profile of Myoepithelial Cells in DCIS: Do They Change From Protective Angels to Wicked Witches?
Authors: Dawoud Marwa M. , Jones Dylan T. , Chelala Claude , Abdou Asmaa G. , Dreger Sally A. , Asaad Nancy , Abd El-Wahed Moshirah , Jones Louise
Published: April 2022

The mechanism of transition of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive cancer is elusive but recently changes in the myoepithelial cells (MECs) have been implicated. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in gene profile of MECs in DCIS that could compromise their tumor suppressor function leading to promotion of tumor progression. Immuno-laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to isolate MECs from normal and DCIS breast tissues followed by whole genome expression profiling using Affymetrix HGU-133 plus2.0 arrays. The data were analyzed using Bioconductor packages then validated by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Ingenuity Pathways software analysis showed clustering of most of the altered genes in cancer and cell death networks, with the Wnt/B-catenin pathway as the top canonical pathway. Validation revealed a 71.4% correlation rate with the array results. Most dramatic was upregulation of Fibronectin 1 (FN1) in DCIS-associated MECs. Immunohistochemistry analysis for FN1 on normal and DCIS tissues confirmed a strong correlation between FN1 protein expression by MECs and DCIS (P<0.0001) and between high expression level and presence of invasion (P=0.006) in DCIS. Other validated alterations in MEC expression profile included upregulation of Nephronectin and downregulation of parathyroid hormone like hormone (PTHLH), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), ADAMTS5, TGFBR3, and CAV1. In vitro experiments revealed downregulation of PTHLH in DCIS-modified MECs versus normal lines when cultured on Fibronectin matrix. This is the first study to use this in vivo technique to investigate molecular changes in MECs in DCIS. This study adds more evidences to the molecular deviations in MECs toward tumor progression in DCIS through upregulation of the tumor-promoting molecules that may lead to novel predictive and therapeutic targets.
Use of Outpatient Opioids Prescribed From a Pediatric Acute Care Setting
Authors: DePhillips Michelle , Watts Jennifer , Sample Jennifer , Dowd Mary Denise
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Deaths due to prescription opioid overdoses are at record high levels. Limiting the amount of opioid prescribed has been suggested as a prevention strategy, but little is known about how much is needed to adequately treat acutely painful conditions for outpatients. The purpose of this study was to quantify the usage of opioids prescribed from the pediatric emergency departments of a Midwestern tertiary care children’s hospital system.

Methods

This was a prospective descriptive study in which patients aged 0 to 17 years seen in 2 pediatric emergency departments who received a prescription for an outpatient opioid were enrolled. The main outcome was opioid doses used at home, which was obtained via phone follow-up. Additional information, including patient demographics, location, prescriber specialty, diagnosis, and opioid name and amount prescribed, was obtained via chart review.

Results

A total of 295 patients were enrolled, with 281 completing the study (95%). The median numbers of opioid doses prescribed and used were 12 and 2 doses, respectively, with 9 doses in excess. Patients with lower extremity fractures used more opioids than other diagnoses, with a median of 8 doses. The majority of families reported keeping extra doses at home.

Conclusions

Prescribed opioid doses exceeded used doses by a factor of 6. Lower extremity fractures required more doses than other acutely painful conditions. We should consider limiting doses prescribed to decrease excess opioids available for misuse and abuse.
Surrogate neutralization responses following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination in people with HIV: comparison between inactivated and mRNA vaccine
Authors: Wong Ngai Sze , Wong Bonnie C.K. , Chan Jacky M.C. , Wong Ka Hing , Tsang Owen T.Y. , Mok Chris K.P. , Hui David S.C. , Lee Shui Shan , Chan Denise P.C.
Published: April 2022

Objective:

People with HIV (PWH) co-infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are at higher odds of severe diseases. Whereas the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccine and adenovirus-vectored vaccine was similar between PWH in stable condition and healthy adults, the effects of inactivated vaccines are not known.

Design:

Prospective longitudinal observational study in real-world setting.

Methods:

Adult PWH in care and planning to receive either inactivated (day 0 and day 28) or mRNA-based (day 0 and day 21) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 were recruited, with blood samples collected over 6 months for surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Demographic and clinical data including age, sex, CD4+ cell count, and suppressed viral load (SVL) status were transcribed for analyses, by simple and multivariable linear regression models, and multivariable linear generalized estimating equations (GEE).

Results:

A total of 611 HIV patients, 91% male patients, were recruited, of whom 423 and 184 have received mRNA-based and inactivated vaccine, respectively. The seroconversion rate was 99% for mRNA-based vs, 86% for inactivated vaccine [odds ratio (OR) = 21.56, P = 0.004]. At 6 months, mRNA-based vaccine continued to give a higher response (94 vs. 57%, P < 0.001). The temporal pattern varied between the two vaccines. By GEE, mRNA-based vaccine (B = 40.59, P < 0.001) and latest SVL status (B = 10.76, P = 0.01) were positively associated with sVNT level, but not latest CD4+ cell count.

Conclusion:

In HIV patients, inactivated vaccine gave a lower peak and shorter duration of sVNT responses compared with mRNA vaccine. The results suggested that different strategies may be needed in boosting the immunity in anticipation of the emergence of variants in the community.
High efficacy of switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in people with suppressed HIV and preexisting M184V/I
Authors: Sax Paul E. , Andreatta Kristen , Molina Jean-Michel , Daar Eric S. , Hagins Debbie , Acosta Rima , D’Antoni Michelle L. , Chang Silvia , Martin Ross , Liu Hui , Blair Christiana , McNicholl Ian , Gallant Joel , Collins Sean E. , Martin Hal , White Kirsten L.
Published: April 2022

Objective:

We investigated the prevalence of preexisting M184V/I and associated risk factors among clinical trial participants with suppressed HIV and evaluated the impact of M184V/I on virologic response after switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF).

Design:

Participant data were pooled from six clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of switching to B/F/TAF in virologically suppressed people with HIV.

Methods:

Preexisting drug resistance was assessed by historical genotypes and/or baseline proviral DNA genotyping. Virologic outcomes were determined by last available on-treatment HIV-1 RNA. Stepwise selection identified potential risk factors for M184V/I in a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results:

Altogether, 2034 participants switched treatment regimens to B/F/TAF and had follow-up HIV-1 RNA data, and 1825 of these participants had baseline genotypic data available. Preexisting M184V/I was identified in 182 (10%), mostly by baseline proviral DNA genotype (n = 167). Most substitutions were M184V (n = 161) or M184V/I mixtures (n = 10). Other resistance substitutions were often detected in addition to M184V/I (n = 147). At last on-treatment visit, 98% (179/182) with preexisting M184V/I and 99% (2012/2034) of all B/F/TAF-treated participants had HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/ml, with no treatment-emergent resistance to B/F/TAF. Among adult participants, factors associated with preexisting M184V/I included other resistance, black race, Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity, lower baseline CD4+ cell count, advanced HIV disease, longer duration of antiretroviral therapy, and greater number of prior third agents.

Conclusion:

M184V/I was detected in 10% of virologically suppressed clinical trial participants at study baseline. Switching to B/F/TAF demonstrated durable efficacy in maintaining viral suppression, including in those with preexisting M184V/I.
Heat transport in Rayleigh–Bénard convection with linear marginality
Authors: Wen Baole , Ding Zijing , Chini Gregory P. , Kerswell Rich R.
Published: April 2022

Recent direct numerical simulations (DNS) and computations of exact steady solutions suggest that the heat transport in Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) exhibits the classical1/3scaling as the Rayleigh numberRa→∞with Prandtl number unity, consistent with Malkus–Howard’s marginally stable boundary layer theory. Here, we construct conditional upper and lower bounds for heat transport in two-dimensional RBC subject to a physically motivated marginal linear-stability constraint. The upper estimate is derived using the Constantin–Doering–Hopf (CDH) variational framework for RBC with stress-free boundary conditions, while the lower estimate is developed for both stress-free and no-slip boundary conditions. The resulting optimization problems are solved numerically using a time-stepping algorithm. Our results indicate that the upper heat-flux estimate follows the same5/12scaling as the rigorous CDH upper bound for the two-dimensional stress-free case, indicating that the linear-stability constraint fails to modify the boundary-layer thickness of the mean temperature profile. By contrast, the lower estimate successfully captures the1/3scaling for both the stress-free and no-slip cases. These estimates are tested using marginally-stable equilibrium solutions obtained under the quasi-linear approximation, steady roll solutions and DNS data.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mathematical problems in physical fluid dynamics (part 1)’.
Editorial: Mathematical problems in physical fluid dynamics: part I
Authors: Goluskin D. , Protas B. , Thiffeault J.-L.
Published: April 2022

Fluid dynamics is a research area lying at the crossroads of physics and applied mathematics with an ever-expanding range of applications in natural sciences and engineering. However, despite decades of concerted research efforts, this area abounds with many fundamental questions that still remain unanswered. At the heart of these problems often lie mathematical models, usually in the form of partial differential equations, and many of the open questions concern the validity of these models and what can be learned from them about the physical problem. In recent years, significant progress has been made on a number of open problems in this area, often using approaches that transcend traditional discipline boundaries by combining modern methods of modelling, computation and mathematical analysis. The two-part theme issue aims to represent the breadth of these approaches, focusing on problems that are mathematical in nature but help to understand aspects of real physical importance such as fluid dynamical stability, transport, mixing, dissipation and vortex dynamics.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mathematical problems in physical fluid dynamics (part 1)’.
Evaluation of imaging setups for quantitative phase contrast nanoCT of mineralized biomaterials
Authors: Suuronen Jussi-Petteri , Hesse Bernhard , Langer Max , Bohner Marc , Villanova Julie
Published: April 2022

X-ray nano-tomography with phase contrast (nanoCT) using synchrotron radiation is a powerful tool to non-destructively investigate 3D material properties at the nanoscale. In large bone lesions, such as severe bone fractures, bone cancer or other diseases, bone grafts substituting the lost bone might be necessary. Such grafts can be of biological origin or be composed of a synthetic bone substitute. The long-term functioning of artificial bone substitutes depends on many factors. Synchrotron nanoCT imaging has great potential to contribute to further the understanding of integration of implants into bone tissue by imaging the spatial interaction between bone tissue and implant, and by accessing the interface between implant material and bone tissue. With this aim, a methodology for evaluating the image quality is presented for in-line phase contrast nanoCT images of bone scaffold samples. A PMMA-embedded tricalcium phosphate scaffold was used with both a closed and an open porosity structure and bone ingrowths as a representative system of three known materials. Parameters such as spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio were extracted and used to explore and quantitatively compare the effects of implementation choices in the imaging setup, such as camera technology and imaging energy, on the resulting image quality. Increasing the X-ray energy from 17.5 keV to 29.6 keV leads to a notable improvement in image quality regardless of the camera technology used, with the two tested camera setups performing at a comparable level when the recorded intensity was kept constant.
A hybrid approach to supporting physical-change-based renewal projects selection decisions in high-density city: a case study of Chongqing
Authors: Chen Yizhong , Zhuang Taozhi , Liu Guiwen
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The aims of this paper is to establish an appropriate physical-change-based renewal (PCBR) projects selection mechanism capable of selecting the combination of the PCBR projects that can make up an integrated urban renewal program in high-density cities.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design follows a sequential integrated methodology that combines the calculation algorithms of Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (Fuzzy-ANP) with Zero-One Goal Programming (ZOGP) to support decisions for the selection of PCBR projects. In the first phase, general criteria for assessing the sustainability performance of PCBR projects were collected from relevant literature. In the second phase, the Fuzzy-ANP was used to identify the priority weights of the candidate projects through clarifying the interdependent degree between the criteria and candidate projects. Finally, ZOGP method was selected as a predetermined number of PCBR projects among candidate projects.

Findings

The feasibility and effectiveness of this hybrid approach is then verified in a case study of Yuzhong District, Chongqing in China. The results of this study indicate that the integrated method is capable of directing the decision maker toward the best compromising solution of PCBR program that can achieve the maximization of sustainable benefits and allocate limited resources most efficiently.

Originality/value

The novelty of this paper consists in combining the algorithms of the Fuzzy-ANP method with those of the ZOGP model that serves as an effective analysis tool to address practical decision problems. This is the first hybrid algorithms to make PCBR projects selection decision that reach the maximization of the sustainable benefits, both in economic and socio-environmental terms.
Forecasting internet diffusion in Italy based on the “.it” domain names metrics
Authors: Serrecchia Michela
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study is to examine the trend over time of the demand for .it domain names.This study first assesses whether there is a phase of growth and expansion or at a point of saturation. Second, this research can be useful also to compare researches that have considered other internet metrics and other models.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper describes the forecasting methods used to analyze the internet diffusion in Italy. The domain names under the country code top-level domain “.it” have used as metrics. To predict domain names .it the seasonal auto regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model and the Holt-Winters (H-W) methods have been used.

Findings

The results show that, to predict domain names .it the SARIMA model is better than the H-W methods. According to the findings, notwithstanding the forecast of a growth in domain names, the increase is however limited (about 3%), tending to reach a phase of saturation of the market of domain names .it.

Originality/value

In general many authors have studied internet diffusion applying statistical models that follow an S-shaped behavior. On the other hand, the more used diffusion models that follow an S-shape not always provide an adequate description of the Internet growth pattern. To achieve this goal, this paper demonstrates how the time series models, in particular SARIMA model and H-W models, fit well in explaining the spread of the internet.
OTT platforms resilience to COVID-19 – a study of business strategies and consumer media consumption in India
Authors: Sharma Kavita , Lulandala Emmanuel Elioth
Published: April 2022

Purpose

COVID-19 preventive measures disrupted the media and entertainment business ecosystem, increased over the top (OTT) consumption, brought new OTT players, thus increased competition, and shaped consumer behaviour and habits. Despite this knowledge, in-depth insights into OTT's consumer behaviour, new usage habit and strategies used by subscription-based OTT platforms to maintain resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic are unknown. This paper aims to fill the two gaps in the extant OTT literature.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used Eisenhardt's multiple case studies approach to derive the strategies used by the top-performing subscription-based OTT platforms in India. Moreover, a purposive semi-structured Google survey was used to explore consumers' OTT experience during the pandemic. This study analysed data using NVivo 12 (survey) and MS Excel 2010 (case studies).

Findings

This study derived seven resilient OTT strategies; competitive low pricing, enhancing customer experience, launching innovative service plans, content localisation, strategic collaboration, flexibility in technology adoption and proactive sales promotion. Consequent to adopting these strategies, consumers' usage of OTT evolved from occasional to habitual. Convenience, ease of accessibility, risk of contracting COVID-19, variety and quality of content, online reviews and affordability drive consumer preference for OTT. Also, this study revealed consumers' varied OTT experiences.

Originality/value

The contribution is two-fold; the derived strategies for maintaining resilience and the in-depth insights into habit formation and consumer behaviour during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is valuable for media and entertainment stakeholders like streaming service providers, OTT services, cable operators, etc.
Interpreting emotional insights and behavioral intentions of travelers based on push and pull motivations during Covid-19
Authors: Pattanayak Lopamudra , Jena Lalatendu Kesari , Sahoo Kalpana
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to interpret the travel motivations of travelers in India amidst the coronavirus pandemic. It takes into consideration the “push and pull motivational forces” of travelers, translating their emotional insights and behavioral intentions based on these forces.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design consists of a mixed-mode approach of study inclusive of semi-directive interviews of 231 participants from India. The statistical computing language R has been used to conduct sentiment analysis.

Findings

The results obtained show that “fear” and “sadness” are the prevalent emotions among the travelers due to the coronavirus outbreak based on the results of sentiment analysis. While, positive emotions of “trust” and “joy” were missing comparatively. These emotions along with other traveling constraints amidst coronavirus acted as the intrinsic push factors and extrinsic pull factors affecting their travel motivations.

Originality/value

The study throws light on the practical and theoretical implications of such travel motivations, emotions affecting these motivations, leading to travelers' behavioral intentions. The work adds to the limited works of tourism literature amidst the coronavirus outbreak.
Impulse purchases during emergency situations: exploring permission marketing and the role of blockchain
Authors: Nigam Achint , Behl Abhishek , Pereira Vijay , Sangal Shreya
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The paper explores how consumer behavior for purchasing impulse products changed in the complex and disruptive (emergency) situation of the COVID-19 pandemic when the customer is shopping in-home and not visiting the offline stores in an emerging economy context. This paper further explores how digital transformations like the use of blockchain technology can aid offline/omnichannel retailers in reviving sales via permission marketing for impulse products.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors followed a qualitative research design and conducted 24 personal interviews with millennials and 15 interviews with offline/omnichannel retailers from an emerging economy. The data collected were analyzed using the thematic analysis procedure.

Findings

The authors discuss their findings under three themes – customers' conscious impulse buying during the pandemic, customers' unconscious impulse buying during the pandemic, and a viable solution for retailers in response to the pandemic.

Practical implications

The authors suggest that marketers primarily from an offline/omnichannel store should adapt to permission marketing and use technologies like blockchain for the digital transformation of their marketing strategies. Doing so can help offline retailers minimize future damages in the retail sector during emergency situations.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the first that explores how impulse – pure, suggestion, planned and reminder – purchases got affected during the COVID-19 pandemic disruptions in an emerging economy. This paper is also one of the first to explore the role of permission marketing and digital transformation by the use of blockchain in helping offline retailers in forming swift trust and practice trust-based marketing.
The story of a model restorative school: creative response to conflict at MS 217 in Queens, NY
Authors: Prutzman Priscilla , Roberts Elizabeth , Fishler Tara , Jones Tricia
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Restorative practice programs in the USA and Western elementary and secondary schools have been the focus of intensive, large scale field research that reports positive impacts on school climate, pro-social student behavior and aggressive behavior. This paper aims to contribute to a gap in the research by reporting a case study of transformation of an urban middle school in a multi-year implementation of restorative practices.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reports how Creative Response to Conflict (CRC) supported the transformation of Middle School 217, in Queens, NY, from a school with one of the highest suspension rates in New York City to a model restorative school. CRC’s model, which incorporates the themes of cooperation, communication, affirmation, conflict resolution, mediation, problem-solving, bias awareness, bullying prevention and intervention, social-emotional learning and restorative practices, helped shift the perspective and practice of the entire school community from punitive to restorative.

Findings

Implementation of a full school advisory program using restorative circles for all meetings and classes and development of a 100% respect program committing all school community members to dignified and respectful treatment aided the transformation. Key to MS 217’s success was the collaboration of multiple non-profit organizations for provision of peer mediation training, after-school follow-up work, staff coaching and preventative cyberbullying training through the Social Media-tors! Program.

Research limitations/implications

Challenges to the restorative practices implementation are reviewed with attention to the implementation online during COVID-19.

Originality/value

Next steps in the program post-COVID are articulated as a best practice model for other schools interested in adopting MS 217’s commitment, creativity and community-building to become a model restorative school.
Alexithymia, social inhibition, affectivity, and knowledge hiding
Authors: Kmieciak Roman
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the impact of adverse personality traits (alexithymia, social inhibition, negative affectivity) and supervisor knowledge hiding on individual knowledge hiding. This study also explores the moderating role of positive affectivity.

Design/methodology/approach

Partial least squares path modeling and data collected from 518 Polish employees with higher education and extensive professional experience recruited via an Ariadna survey panel were used to test the research hypotheses.

Findings

Two dimensions of alexithymia were considered: difficulty identifying feelings (DIF) and difficulty describing feelings (DDF). DIF has a direct impact on individual hiding, whereas DDF has an indirect impact, via social inhibition. Negative affectivity is a predictor of social inhibition, which enhances knowledge hiding. Positive affectivity slightly weakens the positive and strong effect of supervisor knowledge hiding on subordinate knowledge hiding.

Practical implications

Because alexithymia, social inhibition and negative affectivity may predispose employees to knowledge hiding, managers should identify these personality traits among job applicants and hired employees to make appropriate employment decisions. Moreover, managers should be aware that hiding knowledge by a supervisor may be imitated by subordinates.

Originality/value

Based on conservation of resources theory, this study investigates previously unexplored relationships among alexithymia, social inhibition, affectivity and knowledge hiding.
Leadership development through experimentation: a theoretical framework and empirical test
Authors: Birkinshaw Julian , Gudka Maya
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Many theories have been proposed to understand and improve the process of leadership development. One useful way to structure the literature is around three complementary perspectives, briefly summarized as the “knowing, doing and being” dimensions of leadership. While the complementarities between these perspectives have been discussed, the mechanisms by which they are linked are less clear. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of experimentation as one such mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach

Building on interviews and prior literature, the authors argue that experimentation consists of two processes: task-prototyping focused on the work overseen by the leader and self-prototyping focused on how the leader relates to others. This study proposes a theoretical framework linking experimentation to action-taking (e.g. being entrepreneurial and taking on challenging assignments), which in turn links to leader effectiveness. The authors test the hypotheses on two groups of leaders (481 business school alumni and 310 financial services leaders).

Findings

The authors find evidence that both forms of experimentation provide significant explanatory power in understanding why some individuals engage in higher levels of action-taking than others. Additionally, their study confirms the central role of action-taking in leadership development.

Originality/value

Conceptually, this study distinguishes two dimensions of experimentation and their connection to action-taking, knowledge development and identity development. Empirically, the authors show that these two experimentation activities were significant predictors of action-taking, even after controlling for all other factors, and that action-taking (along with self-prototyping) was an important predictor of leader effectiveness. The results offer a practical framework for leadership and development professionals to use in designing and evaluating leadership development activities.