bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An evolutionary timeline of the oxytocin signaling pathway
Authors: Sartorius Alina M. , Rokicki Jaroslav , Birkeland Siri , Bettella Francesco , Barth Claudia , de Lange Ann-Marie G. , Haram Marit , Shadrin Alexey , Winterton Adriano , Steen Nils Eiel , Schwarz Emanuel , Stein Dan J. , Andreassen Ole A. , van der Meer Dennis , Westlye Lars T. , Theofanopoulou Constantina , Quintana Daniel S.
Published: April 2024

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide associated with both psychological and somatic processes like parturition and social bonding. Although oxytocin homologs have been identified in many species, the evolutionary timeline of the entire oxytocin signaling gene pathway has yet to be described. Using protein sequence similarity searches, microsynteny, and phylostratigraphy, we assigned the genes supporting the oxytocin pathway to different phylostrata based on when we found they likely arose in evolution. We show that the majority (64%) of genes in the pathway are ‘modern’. Most of the modern genes evolved around the emergence of vertebrates or jawed vertebrates (540 - 530 million years ago, ‘mya’), including OXTR, OXT and CD38. Of those, 45% were under positive selection at some point during vertebrate evolution. We also found that 18% of the genes in the oxytocin pathway are ‘ancient’, meaning their emergence dates back to cellular organisms and opisthokonta (3500–1100 mya). The remaining genes (18%) that evolved after ancient and before modern genes were classified as ‘medium-aged’. Functional analyses revealed that, in humans, medium-aged oxytocin pathway genes are highly expressed in contractile organs, while modern genes in the oxytocin pathway are primarily expressed in the brain and muscle tissue.
The CBS/H2S signalling pathway regulated by the carbon repressor CreA promotes cellulose utilization in Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Shangguan Jiaolei , Qiao Jinjin , Liu He , Zhu Lei , Han Xiaofei , Shi Liang , Zhu Jing , Liu Rui , Ren Ang , Zhao Mingwen
Published: April 2024

Cellulose is an important abundant renewable resource on Earth, and the microbial cellulose utilization mechanism has attracted extensive attention. Recently, some signalling molecules have been found to regulate cellulose utilization and the discovery of underlying signals has recently attracted extensive attention. In this paper, we found that the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration under cellulose culture condition increased to approximately 2.3-fold compared with that under glucose culture condition in Ganoderma lucidum. Further evidence shown that cellulase activities of G. lucidum were improved by 18.2-27.6% through increasing H2S concentration. Then, we observed that the carbon repressor CreA inhibited H2S biosynthesis in G. lucidum by binding to the promoter of cbs, a key gene for H2S biosynthesis, at “CTGGGG”. In our study, we reported for the first time that H2S increased the cellulose utilization in G. lucidum, and analyzed the mechanism of H2S biosynthesis induced by cellulose. This study not only enriches the understanding of the microbial cellulose utilization mechanism but also provides a reference for the analysis of the physiological function of H2S signals.
Cell-membrane engineering strategies for clinic-guided design of nanomedicine
Authors: Huang Di , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Wentao , Li Jiachen , Zhang Xiaomei , Xia Bing
Published: April 2024

In this review, four types of cell membrane functionalities and applications are summarized, which elucidate their working principles, outline the current approaches for engineering cell membranes, and discuss their potential clinical applications.
Optimization of liquid handling parameters for viscous liquid transfers with pipetting robots, a “sticky situation”
Authors: Quijano Velasco Pablo , Low Kai Yuan Andre , Leong Chang Jie , Ng Wan Ting , Qiu Selina , Jhunjhunwala Shivam , Li Bryant , Qian Anne , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Cheng Jayce Jian Wei
Published: April 2024

Multi-objective optimization of aspiration and dispense rates enables automated liquid handling platforms to accurately transfer viscous liquids.
18 Year analysis of RASFF notifications on Sudan dye adulterated cases in palm oil (2004 to 2022) and the principles of the technique for its detection
Authors: Nyorkeh Regina , Teye Ernest , Essuman Edward Ken , Haughey Simon A. , Logan Natasha , Elliott Christopher T.
Published: April 2024

Palm oil is one of the most widely consumed food products globally. Despite the restriction of Sudan dyes as a food colouring agent, these dyes still feature prominently in palm oil adulteration, which occurs in most developing countries.
A type I and type II chemical biology toolbox to overcome the hypoxic tumour microenvironment for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Ju Minzi , Yang Lu , Wang Guowei , Zong Feng , Shen Yu , Wu Shuangshuang , Tang Xuna , Yu Decai
Published: April 2024

A chemicobiology toolbox for type I and type II photodynamic therapy.
Primary amines from alkenes and carbonyl compounds: highly selective hydrogenation of oximes using a homogeneous Ru-catalyst
Authors: Hares Kevin , Wegener Hannes W. , Roth Thomas F. H. , Reichert René , Vogt Dieter , Seidensticker Thomas
Published: April 2024

The first homogeneously catalyzed selective hydrogenation of aldoximes for the synthesis of aliphatic primary amines. This protocol, combined with hydroformylation, oxime condensation, and hydrogenation, converts alkenes to primary amines.
Dinuclear NHC–gold(i)–thiolato and –alkynyl complexes: synthesis, anticancer activity, and catalytic activity in lactonization reactions
Authors: Ma Xinyuan , Zhao Yuan , Caligiuri Isabella , Rizzolio Flavio , Bracho Pozsoni Nestor , Van Hecke Kristof , Scattolin Thomas , Nolan Steven P.
Published: April 2024

A series of novel dinuclear NHC–gold–thiolato and –alkynyl complexes bearing aromatic linkers were successfully synthesized by an efficient and simple synthetic route.
Synthesis of tricyclic 1,4-dihydro-1,4-phosphagermines – trying to establish molecular fencing of reactive centers
Authors: Ramachandran Mridhul. R. K. , Karwasara Surendar , Zhu Hui , Schnakenburg Gregor , Streubel Rainer
Published: April 2024

Novel 1,4-dihydro-1,4-phosphagermines (A) have been synthesised bearing small N-alkyl substituents, but the N-Mes substituent led finally to a pentacyclic P,Ge-heterocycle (B); the latter was rationalized using DFT theoretical calculations.
Probing the active sites of oxide encapsulated electrocatalysts with controllable oxygen evolution selectivity
Authors: Stinson William D. H. , Stinson Robert S. , Jin Jingjing , Chen Zejie , Xu Mingjie , Aydin Fikret , Wang Yinxian , Calegari Andrade Marcos F. , Pan Xiaoqing , Pham Tuan Anh , Hurst Katherine E. , Ogitsu Tadashi , Ardo Shane , Esposito Daniel V.
Published: April 2024

Electronic and ionic conductivity of an oxide overlayer can dictate the active site location, which can increase OER selectivity over competing reactions.
Synthetic 18F labeled biomolecules that are selective and promising for PET imaging: major advances and applications
Authors: Lamba Manisha , Singh Prasoon Raj , Bandyopadhyay Anupam , Goswami Avijit
Published: April 2024

PET has facilitated diagnosis in oncology, neurology and cardiology, detecting tumors, brain functions and heart inflammation at cellular level. This review covers recent developments of 18F-labeled biomolecules, used for target selective PET imaging, and synthetic labelling developments.
A wheel-like polyoxometalate for haloperoxidase-inspired antibiofouling with H2O2in situ provided by electrocatalysis
Authors: Bian Yumeng , Wang Runze , Xu Xinxin , Chen Jin , Wang Qiang
Published: April 2024

An “additional H2O2 free” antibiofouling method is developed using Ni16Mo16P24, which possesses haloperoxidase mimic and electrocatalytic H2O2 production properties.
Unleashing the power of directed electron transfer: unraveling the potential of {PV4}2 in heterogeneous photocatalysis
Authors: Su Xin , He Yuzan , Li Kunhong , Wang Miao , Tang Wei , Zhang Shihao , Ma Pengtao , Niu Jingyang , Wang Jingping
Published: April 2024

{PV4}2 unleash the power of directed electron transfer in heterogeneous photocatalysis reduction.
Homochiral Dy2 single-molecule magnets with strong magneto-optical Faraday effects and strong third-harmonic generation
Authors: Liu Cai-Ming , Sun Rong , Hao Xiang , Li Xi-Li , Wang Bing-Wu
Published: April 2024

Four pairs of enantiomers of ferromagnetically coupled Dy2 single-molecule magnets, which show both strong magneto-optical Faraday effects and strong third-harmonic generation, are directionally constructed.
Asymmetric synthesis of unnatural α-amino acids through photoredox-mediated C–O bond activation of aliphatic alcohols
Authors: Alvey Gregory R. , Stepanova Elena V. , Shatskiy Andrey , Lantz Josefin , Willemsen Rachel , Munoz Alix , Dinér Peter , Kärkäs Markus D.
Published: April 2024

A practical protocol for the stereoselective synthesis of unnatural α-amino acids is disclosed, using ubiquitous aliphatic alcohols as radical precursors to form the α-amino acid backbone under redox-neutral photoredox-mediated conditions.
Electric field distribution regulation of a zinc anode toward long cycle life zinc metal batteries
Authors: Long Xintao , Liu Yizhou , Wang Dongxin , Nie Yihang , Lai Xiaoyong , Luo Dan , Wang Xin
Published: April 2024

A zigzag Zn anode was developed using a simple hydrochloric acid etching method to regulate the electric field distribution on the surface. An excellent cycling performance was obtained, attributed to its structural advantages.
S-doped TiN supported N, P, S-tridoped TiO2 with hetero-phase junctions for fuel cell startup/shutdown durability
Authors: Chisaka Mitsuharu , Shamim Jubair A. , Hsu Wei-Lun , Daiguji Hirofumi
Published: April 2024

A platinum group metal-free S-doped TiN-supported N, P, S-tridoped TiO2 catalyst with anatase/rutile TiO2 hetero-phase junctions is revealed to display a high durability against fuel cell startup/shutdown cycles not to lose its anion dopants.
MOF-enabled high-density 2D molecular crystal optoelectronic memory transistor with floating gate architecture
Authors: Gao Shaosong , Ren Yiwen , Zhang Dong , Wu Xianshuo , Xie Yidi , Sun Lingjie , Li Rongjin , Yang Fangxu , Hu Wenping
Published: April 2024

A novel MOF floating-gate optical memory transistor was engineered using 2D molecular crystals as the active layer, and it exhibited an excellent electron capture ability, good current retention characteristics, and multi-level memory functionalities.
Imidazole-assisted film-based fluorescent sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of hydrazine
Authors: Zafar Mohammad Masood , Sahoo Subash Ch. , Praveen Vakayil K. , Tyagi Nidhi , Mishra Rakesh K.
Published: April 2024

A substituted imidazole-based small molecule probe R-1 in its all phases (viz., solid, liquid, gel along with its polymeric film) serves as a complete ultrasensitive fluorescent sensor for N2H4 (liquid or vapour form) with an LOD of 0.08 ppb.
Radiative-convective models of the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune: Heating sources and seasonal effects
Authors: Milcareck Gwenaël , Guerlet Sandrine , Montmessin Franck , Spiga Aymeric , Leconte Jérémy , Millour Ehouarn , Clément Noé , Fletcher Leigh N. , Roman Michael T. , Lellouch Emmanuel , Moreno Raphaël , Cavalié Thibault , Carrión-González Óscar
Published: April 2024

Context. The observations made during the Voyager 2 flyby have shown that the stratosphere of Uranus and that of Neptune are warmer than expected by previous models. In addition, no seasonal variability of the thermal structure has been observed on Uranus since Voyager 2 era and significant subseasonal variations have been revealed on Neptune.

Aims. In this paper, we evaluate different realistic heat sources that can induce sufficient heating to warm the atmosphere of these planets and we estimate the seasonal effects on the thermal structure.

Methods. The seasonal radiative-convective model developed by the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique was used to reproduce the thermal structure of these planets. Three hypotheses for the heating sources were explored separately: aerosol layers, a higher methane mole fraction, and thermospheric conduction.

Results. Our modelling indicates that aerosols with plausible scattering properties can produce the requisite heating for Uranus, but not for Neptune. Alternatively, greater stratospheric methane abundances can provide the missing heating on both planets, but the large values needed are inconsistent with current observational constraints. In contrast, adding thermospheric conduction cannot warm the stratosphere of both planets alone. The combination of these heat sources is also investigated. In the upper troposphere of both planets, the meridional thermal structures produced by our model are found inconsistent with those retrieved from Voyager 2/IRIS data. Furthermore, our models predict seasonal variations should exist within the stratospheres of both planets while observations showed that Uranus seems to be invariant to meridional contrasts and only subseasonal temperature trends are visible on Neptune. However, a warm south pole is seen in our simulations of Neptune as observed since 2003.
J0526+5934: A peculiar ultra-short-period double white dwarf
Authors: Rebassa-Mansergas Alberto , Hollands Mark , Parsons Steven G. , Althaus Leandro G. , Pelisoli Ingrid , Irawati Puji , Raddi Roberto , Camisassa Maria E. , Torres Santiago
Published: April 2024

Context.Ultra-short-period compact binaries are important sources of gravitational waves. The class of short-period compact binaries includes, for example, the progenitors of type Ia supernovae and the progenitors of merger episodes that may lead to massive and magnetic single white dwarfs. J0526+5934 is one such example: it is an unresolved compact binary star with an orbital period of 20.5 min.

Aims.The visible component of J0526+5934 was recently claimed to be a hot sub-dwarf star with a CO white dwarf companion. Our aim is to provide strong observational and theoretical evidence that the primary star is instead an extremely low-mass white dwarf, although the hot sub-dwarf nature cannot be completely ruled out.

Methods.We analysed optical spectra together with time-series photometry of the visible component of J0526+5934 to constrain its orbital and stellar parameters. We also employed evolutionary sequences for low-mass white dwarfs to derive independent values of the primary mass.

Results.From the analysis of our observational data, we find a stellar mass for the primary star in J0526+5934 of 0.26 ± 0.05M⊙, which perfectly matches the 0.237 ± 0.035M⊙independent measurement we derive from the theoretical evolutionary models. This value is considerably lower than the theoretically expected and generally observed mass range for hot sub-dwarf stars, but falls well within the mass limit values of extremely low-mass white dwarfs.

Conclusions.We conclude J0526+5934 is the sixth ultra-short-period detached double white dwarf currently known.
First image of a jet launching from a black hole accretion system: Kinematics
Authors: Punsly B.
Published: April 2024

Jets are endemic to both Galactic solar mass and extragalactic supermassive black holes. A recent 86 GHz image of M 87 shows a jet emerging from the accretion ring around a black hole, providing the first direct observational constraint on the kinematics of the jet-launching region in any black hole jetted system. The very wide (∼280 μas), highly collimated, limb-brightened cylindrical jet base is not predicted in current numerical simulations. The emission was shown to be consistent with that of a thick-walled cylindrical source that apparently feeds the flow that produces the bright limbs of the outer jet at an axial distance downstream of 0.4 mas < z < 0.65 mas. The analysis here applies the conservation laws of energy, angular momentum, and magnetic flux to the combined system of the outer jet, the cylindrical jet, and the launch region. It also uses the brightness asymmetries of the jet and counterjet to constrain the Doppler factor. The only global solutions have a source that is located < 34 μas from the event horizon. This includes the Event Horizon Telescope annulus of emission and the regions interior to this annulus. The axial jet begins as a magnetically dominated flow that spreads laterally from the launch radius (< 34 μas). It becomes super-magnetosonic before it reaches the base of the cylindrical jet. The flow is ostensibly redirected and collimated by a cylindrical nozzle formed in a thick accretion disk. The flow emerges from the nozzle as a mildly relativistic (0.3c < v < 0.4c) jet with a significant protonic kinetic energy flux.
Multicriteria adaptation of agricultural spraying drones
Authors: Misyurin Sergey , Neluybin Andrey , Nosova Natalia , Cherkasov Vladislav
Published: April 2024

The article proposes a method for searching for the best configurations of robots under new and previously unknown operating conditions, which makes it possible to find solutions close to optimal using a limited number of full-scale tests. The problem of processing agricultural crops using liquid-spraying UAVs is considered. The time required for a given UAV to process a given landing area under arbitrarily specified external conditions was selected as a performance indicator of the UAV configuration. The search algorithm is based on multicriteria analysis of vector characteristics of UAVs using the criteria importance theory. Previous studies have used information about the relative importance of criteria. In this work, we additionally evaluate the value of gradations of the criteria scale and construct a value function for UAV configurations. Using a simple simulation model, a numerical experiment was carried out for 1000 different operating conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by the small size of deviations of the found solutions from the optimal ones.
Linear-quadratic stochastic volterra controls II. Optimal strategies and Riccati-Volterra equations
Authors: Hamaguchi Yushi , Wang Tianxiao
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we study linear-quadratic control problems for stochastic Volterra integral equations with singular and non-convolution-type coefficients. The weighting matrices in the cost functional are not assumed to be non-negative definite. From a new viewpoint, we formulate a framework of causal feedback strategies. The existence and the uniqueness of a causal feedback optimal strategy are characterized by means of the corresponding Riccati-Volterra equation. The causal feedback optimal strategy is explicitly written by a finite dimensional (matrix-valued) function which solves the Riccati-Volterra equation.
Sample Worth Measurement of Calcium Hydride
Authors: Sano Tadafumi , Kanda Takashi , Hori Jun-ichi
Published: April 2024

Sample reactivity measurements of CaH2 samples as the integral experiments were conducted in the Kinki University Reactor (UTR-KINKI). The sample reactivity worth was determined from a difference between two excess reactivities of the respective reactors with and without the sample. The reactivity worth measurements were repeated for 21.20 g, 41.00 g, 72.78 g and 164.4 g of CaH2 sample. Furthermore, the sample reactivity worth was calculated using the continuous energy Monte Carlo codes MVP3.0 with the nuclear library JEFF-3.1, where each cross section of H and Ca constituting a molecule of CaH2 was taken into the thermal neutron scattering law. The ratios of calculated to experimental values (C/E) were 1.119±0.587, 0.806±0.305, 0.874±0.165 and 0.894±0.099 for 21.29 g, 41.00 g, 78.72 g and 164.4 g of the samples, respectively.
High order asymptotic preserving scheme for diffusive scaled linear kinetic equations with general initial conditions
Authors: Anandan Megala , Boutin Benjamin , Crouseilles Nicolas
Published: April 2024

Diffusive scaled linear kinetic equations appear in various applications, and they contain a small parameter ɛ that forces a severe time step restriction for standard explicit schemes. Asymptotic preserving (AP) schemes are those schemes that attain asymptotic consistency and uniform stability for all values of ɛ, with the time step restriction being independent of ɛ. In this work, we develop high order AP scheme for such diffusive scaled kinetic equations with both well-prepared and non-well-prepared initial conditions by employing IMEX-RK time integrators such as CK-ARS and A types. This framework is also extended to a different collision model involving advection-diffusion asymptotics, and the AP property is proved formally. A further extension of our framework to inflow boundaries has been made, and the AP property is verified. The temporal and spatial orders of accuracy of our framework are numerically validated in different regimes of ɛ, for all the models. The qualitative results for diffusion asymptotics, and equilibrium and non-equilibrium inflow boundaries are also presented.
L’agroécologie, un cadre pertinent pour penser l’évolution de nos systèmes agricoles et alimentaires
Authors: Ducos Alain , Brun Hugo , Candau Olivia , Deiber Maëlle , Florsheimer Léa , Larribeau Léa , Portet-Tixidor Baptiste
Published: April 2024

L’agroécologie est un concept dynamique, dont le périmètre et les définitions ont évolué au cours du temps. Dans son acception la plus récente, l’agroécologie se définit comme « l’écologie des systèmes alimentaires durables ». Elle vise à promouvoir des systèmes viables, respectueux des animaux, des humains et de leur environnement, à les transformer en s’attaquant aux causes profondes des problèmes et en apportant des solutions globales et de long terme fondées sur la co-création de connaissances, le partage et l’innovation. Elle est à la fois une science, un ensemble de pratiques et un mouvement social, ces trois éléments étant indispensables pour créer la dynamique nécessaire à la transformation des systèmes. La transition agroécologique mobilise un ensemble de principes. Treize ont été définis à l’échelle des systèmes alimentaires globalement. Un sous-ensemble de ces principes peut être mis en œuvre pour penser l’évolution des systèmes d’élevage spécifiquement : 1) réaliser une gestion intégrée de la santé animale ; 2) potentialiser l’utilisation des ressources naturelles et des coproduits pour diminuer les intrants nécessaires à la production ; 3) optimiser le fonctionnement métabolique des systèmes et réduire les pollutions ; 4) gérer la diversité des ressources et la complémentarité des animaux pour renforcer la résilience des systèmes d’élevage ; 5) adapter les pratiques d’élevage de manière à préserver la biodiversité et à assurer les services écosystémiques associés.
The value of AI-based analysis of fractional flow reserve of volume computed tomographically detected coronary artery stenosis with regard to their hemodynamic relevance
Authors: Noblé Hans-Jürgen , Mühlbauer Nadine , Ehling Josef , Bansmann Paul Martin
Published: April 2024

Purpose The aim of our work was to demonstrate the importance of artificial intelligence-based analysis of fractional flow reserves of computed tomographically detected coronary artery stenosis with regard to their hemodynamic relevance in patients with unclear chest pain and suspected stable coronary heart disease with a low to medium pre-test probability.

Material and Methods The collective of our retrospective analysis includes 63 patients in whom coronary artery stenosis was detected by volume computed tomographic examination in “one beat, whole heart” mode in the period from March to October 2022. In these patients, the fractional flow reserve was also determined by computed tomography, which was modulated by the use of artificial intelligence.

Results The calculated values of the fractional flow reserve and the degrees of stenosis determined by computed tomography showed a moderate and significant negative correlation for all three coronary vascular territories (LAD/CX/RCA) (correlation coefficient rho = 0.54/0.54/0.6; p < 0.01 respectively). In just over a third (37.6 %) of all stenoses classified as high-grade by computed tomography, the assessment of hemodynamic relevance by calculating the fractional flow reserve deviated from the severity of the stenosis diagnosed by computed tomography, while the results in the peripheral areas “no stenosis/vascular occlusion” were 100 % consistent in each case.

Conclusion The present results of this work illustrate that the calculation of the fractional flow reserve based on artificial intelligence as a supplement to volume computed tomography of the heart can make a decisive contribution to further therapy planning by increasing the specificity of the purely morphological method by the physiological aspect.

Key Points 

Citation Format
The Risk of Depressive Symptoms Increases in Radiographic Axial
Spondyloarthritis Patients with Acute Anterior Uveitis
Authors: Wu Peiyu , Chen Zehu , Fang Xueling , Chen Yilan , Li Xuegang
Published: April 2024

Background This study aimed to assess the psychological status of
radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) patients with/without acute
anterior uveitis (AAU) and to investigate whether the emotional status was
different and associated with disease activity and other clinical variables.

Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study included a total of 145
r-axSpA in-patients who fulfilled the modified New York criteria for ankylosing
spondylitis. AAU was established by ophthalmologists. Clinical variables were
collected from patient charts. All patients received a comprehensive
rheumatologic assessment for disease activity, including the Bath Ankylosing
Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Ankylosing Spondylitis
Disease Activity Score (ASDAS). The Short Form (SF)-36 Health Survey, the
revised Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the revised Self-Rating Depression
Scale (SDS) were applied to all participants by psychiatrists.

Results Fifty-seven patients were diagnosed as having the first onset of
AAU. Compared with the group of r-axSpA without AAU, the risk of depressive
symptoms was higher in the group of r-axSpA with AAU (p=0.008). However, there
was no significant difference in terms of the risk of anxious symptoms between
these groups (p=0.868). In addition, r-axSpA patients with AAU had higher scores
of ASDAS-C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) but lower scores of ASDAS-erythrocyte
sedimentation rate (ASDAS-ESR) (p=0.032 and p=0.019). Furthermore, there was a
negative correlation between SDS scores and duration in r-axSpA patients with
AAU. Among all patients, the group of r-axSpA with depressive symptoms had
increased CRP levels and ASDAS-CRP scores and lower vitality in SF-36.

Conclusion The risk of depressive symptoms increases in r-axSpA patients
with AAU. Moreover, r-axSpA patients with uveitis had a higher disease activity
as measured by ASDAS-CRP. Physicians should pay more attention to depressive
symptoms and AAU in addition to the disease of r-axSpA itself.
Peripartale COVID-19-bedingte Restriktionen und psychische
Belastungen – eine quantitative Erhebung in Österreich
Authors: Simon Imola , König-Bachmann Martina , Wimmer-Puchinger Beate , Zenzmaier Christoph
Published: April 2024

Einleitung Die Zeit von Schwangerschaft bis Wochenbett stellt eine
vulnerable Zeit mit einem erhöhten Risiko für psychische Erkrankungen dar. Die
COVID-19 Pandemie führte zu Einschränkungen in der peripartalen Versorgung, wie
Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen, oder Beschränkungen betreffend Begleitpersonen.

Material und Methoden Auswirkungen der COVID-19-bedingten Restriktionen
auf Psyche und Wohlbefinden während der Peripartalzeit in Österreich wurden
retrospektiv mit einem teilstandardisierten Online-Fragebogen erhoben. Dieser
enthielt neben geschlossene Fragen zu Restriktionen und der Psychischen
Belastung auch die Edinburgh-Postnatal-Depressions-Skala (EPDS).

Ergebnisse Daten von 850 Frauen, die während der Pandemie geboren hatten,
wurden in die Auswertung einbezogen. Bei 8,5% kam es zu Terminabsagen in der
Vorsorge, 10,7% mussten während der Geburt einen Mund-Nasen-Schutz tragen. Jede
10. Frau musste die Geburt, jede 5. das Wochenbett ohne Begleitperson
bewältigen. Unbegleitete Frauen fühlten sich während der Geburt signifikant
weniger häufig gut aufgehoben, im Wochenbett häufiger allein, und hatten laut
EPDS-Score häufiger (39% vs. 20%; p<0,001) eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit für
das Vorhandensein einer postpartalen Depression.

Schlussfolgerungen Die pandemiebedingten Restriktionen führten während der
Peripartalzeit zu Ängsten, Sorgen, Einsamkeit und zu einem erhöhten Risiko für
eine Depression. Das Gleichgewicht der psychischen Gesundheit wurde durch
Maßnahmen und Beschränkungen negativ beeinflusst. Es bedarf auch in
Pandemiezeiten mehr Augenmerk auf die vulnerable Peripartalzeit.
Versorgung und Betreuung gleichgeschlechtlicher Frauenpaare während
Schwangerschaft und Geburt
Authors: Schildberger Barbara , Weglehner-Pilgerstorfer Melanie , Christl-Sebinger Sarah
Published: April 2024

Einleitung Gleichgeschlechtliche Frauenpaaren haben seit 2015 in
Österreich die Möglichkeit, ihrem Kinderwunsch mit Hilfe von Leistungen der
Reproduktionsmedizin nachkommen. Diese Arbeit hat zum Ziel, die Bedürfnisse der
Frauen sowie die Besonderheiten der Betreuung von Frauen in Paarbeziehungen
während Schwangerschaft und Geburt zu eruieren.

Methodik Mittels eines teilstrukturierten Leitfadens wurden acht
Interviews mit österreichischen Frauenpaare in gleichgeschlechtlichen
Beziehungen geführt. Die Rekrutierung der Frauen erfolgte mittels convenience
sample über einen Verein und Mundpropaganda. Die Inhaltsanalyse der erhobenen
Daten erfolgte anhand der empfohlenen Vorgehensweise nach Mayring.

Ergebnisse Bei der geburtshilflichen Begleitung von gleichgeschlechtlichen
Frauenpaaren wird offensichtlich, dass der üblich verwendete Sprachgebrauch
unpassend wird und Alternativen des Vaterbegriffes wie z. B. der Begriff
Co-Mutter unzureichend etabliert sind. Offenheit, Akzeptanz und Verständnis
sowie als ganzheitliche Familie gesehen zu werden, gelten als wichtige
Voraussetzungen zur Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität. Darüber hinaus wird
die Inklusion der nicht schwangeren Mutter als wesentlich erachtet. Frauenpaare
wünschen, trotz ihrer nicht traditionellen Paarbeziehung, eine Betreuung ohne
Sonderstellung und Vorurteile.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Es bedarf noch eines umfassenden
sozial-politischen Diskurses, um die Normalität von Familienmodellen jenseits
der Heteronormativität zu fördern. Eine vorurteilsfreie, supportive
geburtshilfliche Betreuung kann Regenbogenfamilien einen Rahmen bieten, in denen
sich Kinder von Beginn an gesund entwickeln können.
An Update on Curing Coma Campaign
Authors: Kim Keri S. , Polizzotto Leonard , Suarez Jose I. , Olson DaiWai M. , Hemphill J. Claude , Mainali Shraddha
Published: April 2024

The Curing Coma Campaign (CCC) and its contributing collaborators identified multiple key areas of knowledge and research gaps in coma and disorders of consciousness (DoC). This step was a crucial effort and essential to prioritize future educational and research efforts. These key areas include defining categories of DoC, assessing DoC using multimodal approach (e.g., behavioral assessment tools, advanced neuroimaging studies), discussing optimal clinical trials' design and exploring computational models to conduct clinical trials in patients with DoC, and establishing common data elements to standardize data collection. Other key areas focused on creating coma care registry and educating clinicians and patients and promoting awareness of DoC to improve care in patients with DoC. The ongoing efforts in these key areas are discussed.
Neurology Training and Medical Education in Resource-Limited Settings: Building and Growing the First Neurology Residency Program in East Africa
Authors: Belay Hanna D. , Gebrewold Meron A. , Ayele Biniyam A. , Oda Dereje M. , Kelemu Fikru T. , Zewde Yared Z. , Melkamu Selam K. , Wuhib Mehila Z. , Gugssa Seid A. , Mengesha Abenet T. , Metaferia Guta Z.
Published: April 2024

The burden of neurological disease disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries, where the lowest number of neurologists are located. Building local training opportunities in resource-limited settings is a foundational step to enhancing the neurological workforce and improving access to neurological care in these regions. In this article, we describe the development and growth of the first neurology residency program in East Africa, which was established in 2006 at Zewditu Memorial Hospital and the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. We highlight the impact of the program on clinical care, research, collaborations between neurologists across Ethiopia, and ways to build educational opportunities and mentorship while faced with limited resources. The main challenges in starting the residency program included lack of faculty with neurological expertise, lack of a precedent for subspecialty training in our setting, as well as limited resources and space. The formation of sustainable international collaborations with clinicians at established institutions in high-income countries and neurological societies has been a major source of support in developing the initial infrastructure, curriculum and educational content, knowledge assessments, and mentored research projects. Local partnerships with related medical specialties, including internal medicine, critical care, neurological surgery, and psychiatry, were also instrumental in creating training opportunities. As the program continues to evolve, many challenges remain, including limited diagnostics, lack of access to advanced treatment modalities, lack of fellowship training opportunities in various neurological subspecialties, and insufficient training and experience in scientific writing. Despite these challenges, the residency program has persevered and its creation resulted in many positive changes: since its inception in 2006, we graduated 80 neurologists and the number of practicing neurologists in Ethiopia has increased from 5 to 78, our institution has evolved into a national referral center for neurology, graduates have published 61 articles in the past 3 years and contributed to international neurology research, and alumni of the program have grown the Association of Ethiopian Neurologists. Future directions include development of fellowship opportunities, creation of international rotations, and implementation of teleneurology to further strengthen neurological care across Ethiopia.
Kilohertz droplet-on-demand serial femtosecond crystallography at the European XFEL station FXE
Authors: Perrett Samuel , Fadini Alisia , Hutchison Christopher D. M. , Bhattacharya Sayantan , Morrison Cade , Turkot Oleksii , Jakobsen Mads Bregenholt , Größler Michael , Licón-Saláiz José , Griese Florian , Flewett Samuel , Valerio Joana , Schulz Joachim , Biednov Mykola , Jiang Yifeng , Han Huijong , Yousef Hazem , Khakhulin Dmitry , Milne Christopher , Barty Anton , van Thor Jasper J.
Published: April 2024

X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) allow the collection of high-quality serial femtosecond crystallography data. The next generation of megahertz superconducting FELs promises to drastically reduce data collection times, enabling the capture of more structures with higher signal-to-noise ratios and facilitating more complex experiments. Currently, gas dynamic virtual nozzles (GDVNs) stand as the sole delivery method capable of best utilizing the repetition rate of megahertz sources for crystallography. However, their substantial sample consumption renders their use impractical for many protein targets in serial crystallography experiments. Here, we present a novel application of a droplet-on-demand injection method, which allowed operation at 47 kHz at the European XFEL (EuXFEL) by tailoring a multi-droplet injection scheme for each macro-pulse. We demonstrate a collection rate of 150 000 indexed patterns per hour. We show that the performance and effective data collection rate are comparable to GDVN, with a sample consumption reduction of two orders of magnitude. We present lysozyme crystallographic data using the Large Pixel Detector at the femtosecond x-ray experiment endstation. Significant improvement of the crystallographic statistics was made by correcting for a systematic drift of the photon energy in the EuXFEL macro-pulse train, which was characterized from indexing the individual frames in the pulse train. This is the highest resolution protein structure collected and reported at the EuXFEL at 1.38 Å resolution.
Deep-reactive ion etching of silicon nanowire arrays at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Xu Jiushuai , Refino Andam Deatama , Delvallée Alexandra , Seibert Sebastian , Schwalb Christian , Hansen Poul Erik , Foldyna Martin , Siaudinyte Lauryna , Hamdana Gerry , Wasisto Hutomo Suryo , Kottmeier Jonathan , Dietzel Andreas , Weimann Thomas , Prüssing Jan Kristen , Bracht Hartmut , Peiner Erwin
Published: April 2024

The pursuit of sculpting materials at increasingly smaller and deeper scales remains a persistent subject in the field of micro- and nanofabrication. Anisotropic deep-reactive ion etching of silicon at cryogenic temperatures (cryo-DRIE) was investigated for fabricating arrays of vertically aligned Si nanowires (NWs) of a large range of dimensions from micrometers down to 30 nm in diameter, combined with commonly used wafer-scale lithography techniques based on optical, electron-beam, nanoimprint, and nanosphere/colloidal masking. Large selectivity of ∼100 to 120 and almost 700 was found with resists and chromium hard masks, respectively. This remarkable selectivity enables the successful transfer of patterned geometries while preserving spatial resolution to a significant extent. Depending on the requirements by applications, various shapes, profiles, and aspect ratios were achieved by varying process parameters synchronously or asynchronously. High aspect ratios of up to 100 comparable to the best result by metal-assisted wet-chemical etching and sub-μm trenches by DRIE were obtained with NW diameter of 200 nm, at an etch rate of ∼4 μm/min without being collapsed. At the same time, low surface roughness values were maintained on the NW top, sidewall, and bottom surface of ∼0.3, ∼13, and ∼2 nm, respectively, as well as high pattern fidelity and integrity, which were measured using angle-resolved Fourier microscopy, combined atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy on selected NWs. This work establishes the foundation in the controllable development of Si nanoarchitectures, especially at sub-100 nm structures, for energy-harvesting and storage, damage-free optoelectronics, quantum, photovoltaics, and biomedical devices.
Optimizing laser coupling, matter heating, and particle acceleration from solids using multiplexed ultraintense lasers
Authors: Yao Weipeng , Nakatsutsumi Motoaki , Buffechoux Sébastien , Antici Patrizio , Borghesi Marco , Ciardi Andrea , Chen Sophia N. , d’Humières Emmanuel , Gremillet Laurent , Heathcote Robert , Horný Vojtěch , McKenna Paul , Quinn Mark N. , Romagnani Lorenzo , Royle Ryan , Sarri Gianluca , Sentoku Yasuhiko , Schlenvoigt Hans-Peter , Toncian Toma , Tresca Olivier , Vassura Laura , Willi Oswald , Fuchs Julien
Published: April 2024

Realizing the full potential of ultrahigh-intensity lasers for particle and radiation generation will require multi-beam arrangements due to technology limitations. Here, we investigate how to optimize their coupling with solid targets. Experimentally, we show that overlapping two intense lasers in a mirror-like configuration onto a solid with a large preplasma can greatly improve the generation of hot electrons at the target front and ion acceleration at the target backside. The underlying mechanisms are analyzed through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations, revealing that the self-induced magnetic fields driven by the two laser beams at the target front are susceptible to reconnection, which is one possible mechanism to boost electron energization. In addition, the resistive magnetic field generated during the transport of the hot electrons in the target bulk tends to improve their collimation. Our simulations also indicate that such effects can be further enhanced by overlapping more than two laser beams.
Willis coupling in one-dimensional poroelastic laminates
Authors: Groby J.-P. , Haberman M. R.
Published: April 2024

We employ the Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff formula to derive closed-form expressions for the effective properties, including emergent Willis coupling, of a one-dimensional heterogeneous poroelastic medium consisting of a periodically repeating two-layer unit-cell. In contrast to the elastic and fluidic analogs, the Willis coupling of this periodic poroelastic medium does not vanish in the low-frequency limit. However, the effective wavenumber and impedance of this asymmetric lamellar material demonstrate symmetric reflection and absorption behavior that is indicative of symmetric structures in the low-frequency limit due to the effect of Darcy’s law on the dynamic effective density, which is inversely proportional to frequency. These closed-form expressions are validated against results obtained by direct numerical evaluation. The scattering coefficients, particularly the two reflection coefficients for incidence from either side of a finite length asymmetric structure, are different at non-zero frequencies but still in the metamaterial limit and are correct when the Willis coupling is included. The results show that asymmetry in poroelastic layers results in direction-dependent absorption coefficients, one of which could be optimized based on layer properties and asymmetry factors. As a consequence, the frequency range of validity of these scattering coefficients is wider when the Willis coupling matrix is accounted for than in its absence. This work paves the way for better control of elastic and acoustic waves in multiphase materials by considering poroelastic behavior.
Dual-band flexible metamaterial absorber working in 5G band
Authors: Zhu Jianfei , Gao Guoliang , Lai Weien
Published: April 2024

This article presents a thin and flexible artificial electromagnetic absorber with two absorption peaks at frequencies of 28 and 39 GHz for 5G communication. Copper and a flexible FR4 substrate are used in a pyramid-shaped layered configuration, achieving absorption rates exceeding 99% at 28 and 39 GHz. The thickness of the proposed structure is only 0.34 mm, which is ∼1/32 and 1/23 of the corresponding free-space wavelengths at the absorption frequencies. Due to its symmetric structure, the absorber is polarization-insensitive. Furthermore, the proposed structure exhibits over 90% absorption within the incident angle range of −45° to 45°. To investigate its absorption mechanism, the electric field and magnetic field distributions at the absorption frequencies were analyzed. Then a 150 × 150 mm2 sample was fabricated using printed circuit board manufacturing techniques. This sample was placed on flat or curved surfaces and tested under normal or oblique incidences. The experimental results were consistent with the simulated results, confirming the feasibility of the design. This absorber can be applied in 5G communication and millimeter-wave imaging.
Machinability of different cutting tool materials for electric discharge machining: A review and future prospects
Authors: Tufail M. S. , Giri Jayant , Makki Emad , Sathish T. , Chadge Rajkumar , Sunheriya Neeraj
Published: April 2024

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is essential for shaping and cutting tool steel. EDM’s precision in machining difficult materials and tool steel characteristics are well known. EDM efficiency requires reliable performance measurement parameters. The physical shape and mobility of the electrode tool are critical in EDM research. Layer machining is an advanced method that removes material in a sequential manner to produce intricate 3D shapes in tool steel and several other materials. The improvement in layer machining methods with precise toolpath algorithms, adaptive layer thickness management, and real-time monitoring systems is required to maximize precision and efficiency. Response surface methodology, the artificial neural network, and other techniques are necessary to optimize EDM operations and maximize performance. Many researchers experimented with electrode shapes and movement patterns to enhance the removal of material and the quality of surfaces. Investigation of complex electrode structures and innovative tool path strategies has been performed in previous studies. It was very difficult to consider various factors during the EDM operation; hence, the present review summarizes the positive outcomes of previous research. The review emphasizes optimizing pulse duration and discharge current to improve EDM efficiency. The present comprehensive review discusses research on EDM in three main areas: electrode tool geometry and motion, tool steel layer processing, and factors for measuring EDM performance. The objective of the present review is to focus on measuring material removal rates, surface roughness, tool wear, and energy usage. The present review concludes that EDM is crucial to machining tool steel and cutting tool materials. Integrating and hybrid machining technologies can improve performance, and improved optimization techniques are crucial. It also recognizes knowledge gaps and explores new frontiers in this dynamic field.
Disclosing the carrier distributions in ion-implanted HgCdTe p–n junctions with scanning capacitance microscopy
Authors: Huang Zhaoyang , Lin Chun , Xie Hao , Xin Rui , Li Xiang , Li Tianxin
Published: April 2024

Ion implantation doping is the primary method for forming p–n junctions in HgCdTe. However, the doping and activation in HgCdTe are influenced by various complex factors, leading to inconsistencies between the actual carriers and the distribution of impurities. Currently, there are few experimental reports on nanoscale carrier distribution in HgCdTe photovoltaic structures. In this study, we employed scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) to obtain the nanoscale dC/dV profiles on the cross-section of HgCdTe diodes, which refer to the distributions of electrons and holes in the junction region. The depletion area of the p–n junction was then identified precisely according to the measurement. For the arsenic-implanted p-on-n structure, the electrical distribution is highly consistent with that of the dopants. In contrast, for the n-on-p structure, the SCM study reveals the formation of n−–p and p–p regions instead of the simple n+-p junction by heat treatment after boron-ion implantation; both are believed to play key roles in achieving optimal performance of HgCdTe photodetectors. Our study provides a direct approach to uncover the spatial distribution of carriers in the HgCdTe p–n junction, which is crucial in determining the electrical and photoelectric properties of the diodes.
Computing the solution trajectories, steady state approximation, and sensitivity analysis in complex chemical reaction mechanism
Authors: Sultan Faisal , Lodhi Muhammad Wasim , Fatima Rida , Ishaq Muhammad Shoaib , Chambashi Gilbert
Published: April 2024

Ordinary differential equations are often employed in chemical kinetics mathematical modeling. The theoretical results for a model of a multi-step chemical kinetic process are presented in this article. This model seeks to describe both the complicated kinetics of complex chemical processes and the steady state behavior of chemical species. Reduction techniques are used to divide fast and slow processes according to their time scales, which simplifies the model. As a result, the quick processes are removed, making the slow processes the main emphasis of a reduced-dimensional model. The paper concentrates on a two-step reversible reaction mechanism for model reduction, which reduces the complexity of the entire reaction process. The phase flow of solution trajectories close to equilibrium points is also given special consideration in the analysis as it offers a clear and pertinent depiction of the behavior of the system. The physical properties of the observed data are further shown via MATLAB simulations. Sensitivity analysis computes parameters, revealing their impact on species behavior, visually presenting the parameter impact.