bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Coalescence of Bubbles Driven by Buoyancy Force: Implication for Slug Formation in Basaltic Eruptions
Authors: Maruishi Takafumi , Toramaru Atsushi
Published: November 2024

In basaltic eruptions, bubbles move freely and collide within a volcanic conduit, leading to frequent bubble coalescence. Understanding the dynamics of buoyancy‐driven coalescence of bubbles is crucial for predicting the explosivity of basaltic eruptions. We examine the evolution of the bubble volume distribution while considering buoyancy‐driven coalescence and expansion due to decompression. We find that, at lower decompression rates, the bubble volume distribution rapidly evolves into a power‐law distribution with an exponent of approximately as . This suggests that, in basaltic magma, the repeated coalescence of bubbles rapidly forms large bubbles within 45 min to 3 days. We then examine the occurrence of eruption styles, specifically Strombolian or Hawaiian, under the assumption that the bursts of slugs, produced from bubble coalescence within the conduit, trigger Strombolian eruptions. Consequently, we identify a critical condition for the transition between eruption styles in terms of the ascent velocity of magma. This critical ascent velocity is consistent with the observed transitions between Strombolian and Hawaiian eruptions at Izu‐Oshima and Kilauea.
SPIN1 accelerates tumorigenesis and confers radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer by orchestrating the FOXO3a/FOXM1 axis
Authors: Zhong Min , Fang Zhi , Zou Juntao , Chen Xiao , Qiu Zezhi , Zhou Ling , Le Yi , Chen Zhen , Liao Yanyu , Nie Fengting , Wei Xianpin , Zhan Jinbo , Xiong Jianping , Xiang Xiaojun , Fang Ziling
Published: November 2024

Despite the importance of radiation therapy as a nonsurgical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), radiation resistance has always been a concern because of poor patient response and outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel targets to increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy and investigate the mechanisms underlying radioresistance. Previously, we demonstrated that Spindlin 1 (SPIN1) was related to tumour initiation and progression. In this study, we found that SPIN1 expression was higher in NSCLC tissues and cell lines than in the corresponding controls. SPIN1 overexpression in NSCLC patients was closely correlated with disease progression and poor prognosis. Functionally, SPIN1 depletion inhibited cell proliferation, decreased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase and suppressed cell migration and invasion. Moreover, SPIN1 knockdown decreased the clonogenic capacity, impaired double-strand break (DSB) repair and increased NSCLC radiosensitivity. Mechanistically, forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was identified as a key downstream effector of SPIN1 in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, SPIN1 was found to facilitate MDM2-mediated FOXO3a ubiquitination and degradation, leading to FOXM1 upregulation. Moreover, restoration of FOXM1 expression markedly abolished the inhibitory effects and increased radiosensitivity induced by SPIN1 depletion. These results indicate that the SPIN1-MDM2-FOXO3a/FOXM1 signalling axis is essential for NSCLC progression and radioresistance and could serve as a therapeutic target for increasing radiotherapy efficacy.
Estimating the optimal age for infant measles vaccination
Authors: Goult Elizabeth , Barrero Guevara Laura Andrea , Briga Michael , Domenech de Cellès Matthieu
Published: November 2024

The persistence of measles in many countries demonstrates large immunity gaps, resulting from incomplete or ineffective immunization with measles-containing vaccines (MCVs). MCV impact is determined, in part, by vaccination age. Infants who receive dose 1 (MCV1) at older ages have a reduced risk of vaccine failure, but also an increased risk of contracting infection before vaccination. Here, we designed a new method—based on a mathematical transmission model incorporating realistic vaccination delays and age variations in MCV1 effectiveness—to capture the MCV1 age risk trade-off and estimate the optimal age for recommending MCV1. We applied this method to a range of synthetic populations representing lower- and higher-income populations. We predict a large heterogeneity in the optimal MCV1 ages (range: 6–20 months), contrasting the homogeneity of observed recommendations worldwide. Furthermore, we show that the optimal age depends on the local epidemiology of measles, with a lower optimal age predicted in populations having lower vaccination coverage or suffering higher transmission. Overall, our results suggest the scope for public health authorities to tailor the recommended schedule for better measles control.
Interface engineering enabling thin lithium metal electrodes down to 0.78 μm for garnet-type solid-state batteries
Authors: Ji Weijie , Luo Bi , Wang Qi , Yu Guihui , Zhang Zixun , Tian Yi , Zhao Zaowen , Zhao Ruirui , Wang Shubin , Wang Xiaowei , Zhang Bao , Zhang Jiafeng , Sang Zhiyuan , Liang Ji
Published: November 2024

Controllable engineering of thin lithium (Li) metal is essential for increasing the energy density of solid-state batteries and clarifying the interfacial evolution mechanisms of a lithium metal negative electrode. However, fabricating a thin lithium electrode faces significant challenges due to the fragility and high viscosity of Li metal. Herein, through facile treatment of Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZTO) with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, its surface Li2CO3 species is converted into a lithiophilic layer with LiCF3SO3 and LiF components. It enables the thickness control of Li metal negative electrodes, ranging from 0.78 μm to 30 μm. Quasi-solid-state lithium-metal battery with an optimized 7.54 μm-thick lithium metal negative electrode, a commercial LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 positive electrode, and a negative/positive electrode capacity ratio of 1.1 shows a 500 cycles lifespan with a final discharge specific capacity of 99 mAh g−1 at 2.35 mA cm−2 and 25 °C. Through multi-scale characterizations of the thin lithium negative electrode, we clarify the multi-dimensional compositional evolution and failure mechanisms of lithium-deficient and -rich regions (0.78 μm and 7.54 μm), on its surface, inside it, or at the Li/LLZTO interface.
Heart regeneration from the whole-organism perspective to single-cell resolution
Authors: Chen Xiaoxin , Zhong Xiaochen , Huang Guo N.
Published: November 2024

Cardiac regenerative potential in the animal kingdom displays striking divergence across ontogeny and phylogeny. Here we discuss several fundamental questions in heart regeneration and provide both a holistic view of heart regeneration in the organism as a whole, as well as a single-cell perspective on intercellular communication among diverse cardiac cell populations. We hope to provide valuable insights that advance our understanding of organ regeneration and future therapeutic strategies.
Lunar farside volcanism 2.8 billion years ago from Chang’e-6 basalts
Authors: Zhang Qian W. L. , Yang Mu-Han , Li Qiu-Li , Liu Yu , Yue Zong-Yu , Zhou Qin , Chen Liu-Yang , Ma Hong-Xia , Yang Sai-Hong , Tang Xu , Zhang Guang-Liang , Ren Xin , Li Xian-Hua
Published: November 2024

Unravelling the volcanic history of the enigmatic lunar farside is essential for understanding the hemispheric dichotomy of the Moon1–3. Cratering chronology established for the lunar nearside has been used to suggest long-lived volcanism on the farside of the Moon3,4 but without sample verification. We describe two episodes of basaltic volcanism identified by Pb–Pb dating of basalt fragments returned by the Chang’e-6 mission. One high-Al basalt fragment, dated at 4,203 ± 4 million years ago (Ma), has a source 238U/204Pb ratio (µ value) of approximately 1,620, implying a KREEP-rich (K, rare earth elements and P) source for this oldest-known example of basaltic volcanism among returned samples. The main volcanic episode of the Chang’e-6 basalt documents a surprisingly young eruption age of 2,807 ± 3 Ma, which has not been observed on the nearside of the Moon. The initial Pb isotope compositions of these younger basalts indicate a derivation from a source with a µ value of approximately 360, indicating a KREEP-poor mantle source. Mare volcanism on the lunar farside thus persisted for over 1.4 billion years, even if the source was depleted in heat-producing elements. The consistency between the 2.8-billion-year basalt age and the crater-counting age indicates that the cratering chronology model established for the lunar nearside is also applicable to the farside of the Moon.
Mid-career pitfall of consecutive success in science
Authors: Higashide Noriyuki , Miura Takahiro , Tomokiyo Yuta , Asatani Kimitaka , Sakata Ichiro
Published: November 2024

The creativity of scientists often manifests as localized hot streaks of significant success. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these influential phases can enhance the effectiveness of support systems and funding allocation, fostering groundbreaking discoveries worthy of accolades. Historically, analyses have suggested that hot streaks occur randomly over time. However, our research, through meticulous examination, reveals that these phases are not flatly distributed but are more frequent at the early and late stages of scientists’ careers. Notably, both early and late hot streaks are marked by dense tie collaborations, with the former typically involving close partnerships with particular authors and the latter being characterized by involvement in large-scale projects compared with single-top or ordinary papers. This pattern indicates that mid-career researchers lack both intimate relations and resources to keep big projects, leading to “mid-career pitfall” of consecutive success. This insight holds profound implications for the development of policies and initiatives aimed at bolstering innovative research and discovery.
Genetic connectivity of wolverines in western North America
Authors: Day Casey C. , Landguth Erin L. , Sawaya Michael A. , Clevenger Anthony P , Long Robert A. , Holden Zachary A. , Akins Jocelyn R. , Anderson Robert B. , Aubry Keith B. , Barrueto Mirjam , Bjornlie Nichole L. , Copeland Jeffrey P. , Fisher Jason T. , Forshner Anne , Gude Justin A. , Hausleitner Doris , Heim Nichole A. , Heinemeyer Kimberly S. , Hubbs Anne , Inman Robert M. , Jackson Scott , Jokinen Michael , Kluge Nathan P. , Kortello Andrea , Lacroix Deborah L. , Lamar Luke , Larson Lisa I. , Lewis Jeffrey C. , Lockman Dave , Lucid Michael K. , MacKay Paula , Magoun Audrey J. , McLellan Michelle L. , Moriarty Katie M. , Mosby Cory E. , Mowat Garth , Nietvelt Clifford G. , Paetkau David , Palm Eric C. , Paul Kylie J.S. , Pilgrim Kristine L. , Raley Catherine M. , Schwartz Michael K. , Scrafford Matthew A. , Squires John R. , Walker Zachary J. , Waller John S. , Weir Richard D. , Zeller Katherine A.
Published: November 2024

Wolverine distribution contracted along the southern periphery of its range in North America during the 19th and 20th centuries due primarily to human influences. This history, along with low densities, sensitivity to climate change, and concerns about connectivity among fragmented habitats spurred the recent US federal listing of threatened status and special concern status in Canada. To help inform large scale landscape connectivity, we collected 882 genetic samples genotyped at 19 microsatellite loci. We employed multiple statistical models to assess the landscape factors (terrain complexity, human disturbance, forest configuration, and climate) associated with wolverine genetic connectivity across 2.2 million km2 of southwestern Canada and the northwestern contiguous United States. Genetic similarity (positive spatial autocorrelation) of wolverines was detected up to 555 km and a high-to-low gradient of genetic diversity occurred from north-to-south. Landscape genetics analyses confirmed that wolverine genetic connectivity has been negatively influenced by human disturbance at broad scales and positively influenced by forest cover and snow persistence at fine- and broad–scales, respectively. This information applied across large landscapes can be used to guide management actions with the goal of maintaining or restoring population connectivity.
Industrial hemp biomass negatively affected by herbicide drift from corn and soybean herbicides
Authors: Zaric Milos , Canella Vieira Bruno , Houston Barbara , Sousa Alves Guilherme , Wortman Sam E. , Peterson Julie , Kruger Greg R.
Published: November 2024

The establishment of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fields near row crops has raised concerns about the potential adverse effects of herbicide drift on hemp production. This study examined hemp susceptibility to drift of herbicides registered for use in corn and/or soybeans. Herbicide solutions (2,4-D, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate, imazethapyr, lactofen, mesotrione) were applied separately in the wind tunnel (3.6 m s−1 airspeed), simulating drift scenarios, with conventional TP95015EVS (TP) and air inclusion AI95015EVS (AI) flat fan nozzles calibrated to deliver 140 L ha−1 carrier volume at 230 kPa. Mylar cards and hemp plants (20–25 cm tall) were placed downwind up to 12 m. Spray deposition from mylar cards was quantified using fluorometry and hemp biomass was collected 21 post application. Results indicated the nozzle design influenced downwind deposition; 5% of spray deposits from the TP nozzle reached 5.9 m downwind versus 2.0 m for the AI nozzle. Glyphosate, glufosinate, and mesotrione caused the highest biomass reductions, with 50% reductions observed at 19.3 (inferred), 8.7, and 9.3 m downwind for TP nozzle, and 4.1, 4.0, and 2.9 m for AI nozzle. These findings suggest herbicide applications at airspeeds of 3.6 m s−1 or greater present a risk to nearby hemp fields.
The discovery of an overseen pygmy backswimmer in Europe (Heteroptera, Nepomorpha, Pleidae)
Authors: Raupach Michael J. , Charzinski Nele , Villastrigo Adrian , Gossner Martin M. , Niedringhaus Rolf , Schäfer Peter , Schmelzle Sebastian , Strauß Gerhard , Hendrich Lars
Published: November 2024

The Pleidae, or pygmy backswimmers, is a family of aquatic bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) containing four genera. Here, we describe Plea cryptica sp. nov. and redescribe its sister species, Plea minutissima Leach, 1817. Whereas the morphological distinction of these closely related species is only possible for males, molecular data clearly separate them. As part of our taxonomic study, we provide comprehensive molecular data including more than 200 DNA barcodes from all over Europe, complete nuclear ribosomal DNA, full mitochondrial genome data, and 3D scans for both species. Furthermore, the same molecular markers are also presented for Neoplea striola (Fieber, 1844). We used Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Pleidae and Notonectoidea based on available mitogenomic data. Our study represents a successful implementation of the proposed concept of taxonomics, using data from high-throughput sequencing technologies for integrative taxonomic studies, and allowing high confidence for both biodiversity and ecological research.
Alterations in center-surround contrast suppression in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Nickel Kathrin , Heinrich Sven P. , Beringer Malina , Endres Dominique , Runge Kimon , Küchlin Sebastian , Maier Simon , Bach Michael , Domschke Katharina , Tebartz van Elst Ludger , Friedel Evelyn B. N.
Published: November 2024

Previous pattern electroretinogram studies indicate reduced retinal contrast gain in patients with a major depressive disorder (MDD) which may contribute to alterations in visual perception. In line, psychophysical investigations reported elevated contrast thresholds in MDD. This study aims to gain insights into higher-level processing of visual information in MDD by evaluating contrast suppression. We examined contrast suppression of 21 MDD patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) using four different stimulus conditions (spatial frequencies 6.3 and 12.6 cpd at 30% and 60% background contrast) in a psychophysical test. Participants were instructed to adjust perceived contrasts between two vertical target patches, embedded in a horizontally or vertically oriented grid background. With finer stimulus gratings, MDD patients exhibited less contrast suppression compared to HC, particularly when the stimulus contrast was high (p = 0.006; MDD vs. HC =  − 45%). Contrast suppression in the HC group was significantly reduced for the coarse compared to the fine grating, while contrast suppression scores in MDD did not change with the spatial properties of the stimulus. The reduced contrast suppression in patients with MDD supports the hypothesis of altered dopaminergic neurotransmission and could be attributed to alterations in the retinal receptive fields or in dysfunctional adaptation mechanisms in depression.
Proactive personality and its impact on online learning engagement through positive emotions and learning motivation
Authors: Fu Pingting , Gao Chengjin , Chen Xueyi , Zhang Zihao , Chen Jufeng , Yang Dong
Published: November 2024

The rapid change in information technology has made online or blended learning a new norm in higher education. However, the problem of low student engagement in online learning is becoming more prominent. This study explores how college students’ proactive personality affects their online learning engagement through the mediating effects of positive emotions and learning motivation. A survey was conducted on college students (N = 1049), and the interrelationships among these variables were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings unveiled that: proactive personality positively predicts online learning engagement, positive emotions and learning motivation. Positive emotions and learning motivation significantly positively influence online learning engagement. Moreover, Positive emotions also exert a significant positive impact on learning motivation. In addition, the mediation of positive emotions and learning motivation further strengthened a significant positive correlation between proactive personality and online learning engagement. Implications for theory and practice, including the limitations, were discussed accordingly.
Vibration-assisted Microbead Production: A New Frontier for Biocompatible Surfaces
Authors: Yingngam B. , Makewilai L. , Chaisawat S. , Yingngam K. , Chaiburi C. , Khumsikiew J. , Netthong R.
Published: November 2024

The encapsulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in microbeads is an essential step in drug delivery; however, it is also inherently associated with the need to control particle size and drug release profiles. Nevertheless, most conventional methods of microencapsulation fail to provide consistent results. A new method called vibration-assisted microbead coating is a novel unified technique utilizing mechanical vibrations to enable the controlled, uniform coating of microbeads on APIs. This chapter discusses the technology of vibration-assisted encapsulation performed by the authors through microbead formation and the physical activity of coating APIs. This chapter focuses on achieving uniform control of the final coated surface of the API, microbead shape, size, and loading through vibration parameters. Additionally, this chapter discusses the biocompatibility and stability of the final coated surface. This new means of encapsulation has high potential for drug delivery. This method reduces most of the traditional challenges of encapsulation, if not eliminates them, and is more reliable. Based on the abovementioned findings, the authors propose the following main areas for their further work: optimisation of vibration parameters for various APIs, research into the long-term stability of the loading–release profile, and possible use of the technique in targeted drug delivery.
Biocompatible Coating of Medical Devices for Protection Against Biofilms
Authors: Mohite Popat , Munde Shubham , Uddin Md. Jamir , Pawar Anil , Singh Sudarshan
Published: November 2024

Biofilm formation on surgical device surfaces is a major health issue that leads to higher rates of illness and death and significantly increases healthcare management costs. Conventional antimicrobial treatments do not work well on biofilms, with their growing resistance leading to persistent infections, followed by the spread of emerging infectious diseases due to unhygienic food contact surfaces. Therefore, the demand for novel strategies beyond conventional antibiotic therapies and the maintenance of hygiene conditions on food contact surfaces to control biofilm-based infections is of outmost importance. Generally, the control process involves developing biofilm inhibitors based on understanding how biofilms form at the molecular level and coating the contact surface with a material that inhibits biofilm formation. However, the biocompatibility of the modified contact surface is of concern. Recently, biogenically synthesized metallic nanostructures have gained significant attention among healthcare professionals and in the food industry due to their excellent ability to retard biofilm formation caused by several pathogens. Moreover, nanostructures demonstrated mechanistic antibiofilm efficacy by disrupting the regulation process, inhibiting protein synthesis, ATP depletion, and damaging cell walls. The present chapter focuses on advancing anti-biofilm approaches through several mechanisms, indicating promising strategies for better anti-biofilm therapies compared to conventional approaches. Moreover, the chapter elaborates on coating strategies for surgical devices or procedures such as sutures, endotracheal tubes, catheters, and gloves, followed by discussion on improvements in cellulose-based dressings used in operation theatres to inhibit biofilm formation and prevent the spread of pathogenic bacteria that cause life-threatening diseases.
Exploring Antibacterial Coatings in Biomaterial Applications: Improving Performance and Biocompatibility
Authors: Aundhia Chintan , Talele Chitrali , Talele Dipali
Published: November 2024

In today’s healthcare system, biomedical devices are indispensable. People use or have many of these devices implanted in them on a daily basis. Given that infections are thought to be the leading cause of death in this situation, the potential for bacterial contamination in implants is crucial. Antimicrobials are typically used to treat these contagions; however, because the bacteria within the biofilm are resistant to the drug, the development of biofilms on implant surfaces may drastically decrease the efficacy of antibiotics. Sometimes the only way to get rid of the infection is to remove the implant entirely. Antibacterial coatings are considered to be an effective method to prevent the formation of biofilms in this situation and lessen the associated complications. This chapter explores the primary biomaterials utilized in biomedical equipment, the process by which biofilms form, and the key tactics employed in the creation of antibacterial coatings. The primary polymer-based approaches for creating bactericidal coatings are outlined. The goal of these bactericidal coatings is to prevent the growth of bacteria by limiting the bactericidal mechanisms at play and improving long-term stability.
Theoretical and practical aspects of indirect spin–spin couplings
Authors: Jaźwiński Jarosław
Published: November 2024

The review gathers the most important works on SSCC, considering their practical and theoretical aspects. These chapters deal with the improvement of calculation methods, benchmark calculations using large sets of compounds, measurements of coupling constants in individual compounds, and application of coupling to the exploration of the conformations as well as couplings through unusual chemical bonds. Finally, examples of natural compounds were provided in which J(H,H) and J(C,H) were helpful in determining their structure. This review covers the period from May 2023 to April 2024.
A stable HOF-embedded alginate hydrogel membrane for selective adsorption of cationic dyes
Authors: Zhu Ruiqi , Wu Qiuxia , Lin Shengjie , Wang Limin , Liang Ye , Zhang Lin , Zhao Dian , He Yabing , Chen Banglin
Published: November 2024

A HOF-based alginate hydrogel membrane was prepared for the selective adsorption of cationic dyes, with excellent water stability, high adsorption capacity and good recycling performance.
In situ growth of MnO2 nanoparticles on supramolecular polyaniline as chiral nanozymes for effective enantioselective catalysis
Authors: Wang Chu , Xi Zheng , Sun Xiaohuan , Han Jie , Guo Rong
Published: November 2024

In situ growth of MnO2 nanoparticles onto P/M-polyaniline scaffolds efficiently regulates the supramolecular chirality, making them function as chiral nanozymes for enantioselective catalysis.
CRISPR/Cas12a-enhanced DNA nanomachine for multiple respiratory pathogens detection
Authors: Wang Siyi , Hu Yueli , Deng Ziqiang , Liu Rui , Lv Yi
Published: November 2024

We constructed an ICP-MS analysis strategy of a CRISPR/Cas12a-enhanced DNA nanomachine to detect multiple respiratory pathogens.
Flexible hybrid capacitors based on NiMoS@NiCo-LDH composites under variable work conditions
Authors: He Qi , Jia Wei , Wu Xiang , Liu Jinghai
Published: November 2024

We design NiMoS@NiCo-LDH core–shell structures through facile synthesis routes. The as-fabricated products deliver a specific capacity of 1456 C g−1 at 1 A g−1. They still work stably at extreme temperatures ranging from 25 to −20 °C.
Multiphase sulfur chemistry facilitates particle growth in a cold and dark urban environment
Authors: Mao Jingqiu , Bali Kunal , Campbell James Raemond , Robinson Ellis Shipley , DeCarlo Peter F , Ijaz Amna , Temime-Roussel Brice , Barbara D'Anna , Ketcherside Damien , Yokelson Robert J , Hu Lu , Cesler-Maloney Meeta , Simpson William , Guo Fangzhou , Flynn James , St. Clair Jason , Nenes Athanasios , Weber Rodney
Published: November 2024

Sulfate comprises an average of 20% of the ambient PM2.5 mass during the winter months in Fairbanks, based on 24-hour filter measurements. During the ALPACA 2022 field campaign (Jan 15th-Feb...
Simultaneous multi-angle AR-XANES for surface-sensitive chemical speciation of gold nanolayers in wall painting replica
Authors: Na'es Maram , Lühl Lars , Grötzsch Daniel , Mantouvalou Ioanna , Baumann Jonas , Kanngießer Birgit
Published: November 2024

Validation of simultaneous multi-angle AR-XANES proved the method successful in differentiating between chemical species in nanolayered structures. Applied to trace gold species in gilded wall painting replica after conservation with a new material.
Advancing scalable and controllable multi-core droplet generation with double disturbance flow focusing
Authors: Li Chen , Mu Kai , Huang Fangsheng , Zhu Zhiqiang , Si Ting
Published: November 2024

DDFF employs two designated disturbance interfaces to generate double emulsion droplets with controllable core numbers.
Acid-functionalized PVA composite membranes for pervaporation-assisted esterification
Authors: Piotrowska Julia , Jordan Christian , Stagel Kristof , Annerl Marco , Willner Jakob , Limbeck Andreas , Harasek Michael , Bica-Schröder Katharina
Published: November 2024

Composite flat-sheet membranes functionalized with imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) grafted to poly(vinyl alcohol)/glutaraldehyde as a catalytic layer were developed to enhance the esterification between n-butanol and acetic acid.
Linguistic Markers of Subtle Cognitive Impairment in Connected Speech: A Systematic Review
Authors: Richard Amélie B. , Lelandais Manon , Reilly Karen T. , Jacquin-Courtois Sophie
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

This systematic review covers the current stage of research on subtle cognitive impairment with connected speech. It aims at surveying the linguistic features in use to single out those that can best identify patients with mild neurocognitive disorders (mNCDs), whose cognitive changes remain underdiagnosed.

Method:

We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and proposed a full definition of features for the analysis of speech features. Fifty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of them focused on age-related progressive diseases and included fewer than 30 subjects.

Results:

A total of 384 features labeled with 335 different names was retrieved, yielding various results in discriminating individuals with mNCDs from controls.

Conclusions:

This finding highlights the need for harmonized labels to further investigate mNCDs with linguistic markers. We suggest two different ways of assessing a feature's reliability. We also point out potential methodological issues that remain to be resolved, along with recommendations for reproducible research in the field.
Methods for obtaining and using information from field experiment focused on organic / conservation agriculture
Authors: Minin Vladislav , Zakharov Anton , Murzaev Evgeniy
Published: November 2024

Crop Rotation Experiment was established on experimental facilities of the Institute for Engineering and Environmental Problems in Agricultural Production – branch of Agro-Engineering Centre VIM, Saint-Petersburg. The objective of the study was to consider the requirements for growing organic potatoes. In an experiment with potatoes (Solánum tuberosum) variety Udacha, the influence of 3 factors was studied: the effect of organic fertilizers; action of bio-fungicide; row spacing depth. The compost studied was produced in the Institute from chicken manure using an aerobic fermentation unit. Doses of composts corresponded to 0; 80; 110, 160 kg N/ha. Potato tubers were treated with a bio-fungicide using a sprayer installed on a potato planter, and the leaves were treated during the growing season. Organic technology for cultivating potatoes was developed at the institute and used in experiment. The experiment has been equipped with automated tools for collecting information. Weather conditions differed from each other during the experiment. In 2021, conditions were dry during the potato development period. Weather conditions in 2020 and 2022 were similar. Monitoring shows that deep cultivation of row spacing contributed to better absorption of precipitation. This created more convenient conditions for potato development. Compost helped to increase the content of mineral forms of nitrogen in the soil. Due to high soil fertility, the yield of standard potato tubers in the variant without compost and bio-fungicide reached the level of 20.3 – 20.5 t ha-1 in 2020 and 2022 and 13.4 tha-1 in 2021, a dry year. Compost provided a significant increase in potato yield from 4 to 9 tha-1, depending on the dose of compost and year. The array of experimental data was generated for 2017-2022. After mathematical processing, the dependence of potato yield on the hydro-temperature coefficient in May and the dose of compost used was obtained.
The use of plant growth regulators to increase the effectiveness of fungicides in soybean crops
Authors: Adamov A.A. , Antonenko V.V. , Dovgilevich A.V. , Zubkov A.V.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of studies evaluating the combined use of fungicides and growth regulators to increase the biological effectiveness of chemical treatments against fungal diseases on soybean crops in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation in 2024. The research was conducted in Moscow, on the territory of the Educational and Experimental Farm in the period 2023-2024 on soybean crops of the varieties SK Alta and Svetlaya. Fungicides were used in the experiments: Cobalt, KME (400 g/l propiconazole), Intrada, SK (250 g/l azoxystrobin), and plant growth regulators - agrostimules, VE (50 g/l dihydroquercitin), Novosil, VE (100 g/l triterpene acids). Options were laid out, both with joint and separate use of pesticides and growth regulators. The results of the study showed that the use of fungicides Cobalt, KME and Intrada, SK together with growth regulators of Agrostimules, VE and Novosil, VE influenced the increase in biological efficiency in the fight against alternariasis and cercosporosis on soybean varieties SK Alta and Svetaya. The separate use of growth regulators increased the resistance of plants to fungal pathogens.
Pre-sowing treatment of flax seeds with a growth activator and polymer
Authors: Barnashova E.K. , Vertikova E.A. , Derevyagin S.S. , Simagin A.D. , Simagina A.S.
Published: November 2024

Effective work with seed material contributes to an increase in germination and sustainable development of agricultural plants. In this study, experiments were conducted on the pre-sowing treatment of flax seeds with a formulation containing an activator of growth processes – hydrogen peroxide and a polymer of natural origin – inulin, which helps to reduce mucus secretion during semi-dry treatment. The experimental results obtained confirm the effectiveness of the proposed formulation, which helps to increase the germination of plants and facilitates the procedure for performing mechanized stages during technological operations with seed material.
Comparison of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis in patients infected with chronic pyelonephritis in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Rahman Abed Al-janabi Dhafer , Abduljabbar Jaloob Aljanaby Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis are two of the most common causes of upper or lowermurinary tract infection. The purpose of this study was to compare demographic characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) between E. coli and P. mirabilis, and conducted by taking clinical samples urine from 288 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, including females and males, aged between 10-84 years, who attended Hospital Al-Sadr Teaching Urology Department in Najaf Governorate, Iraq from February 2023 to January 2024. The results showed that 17/288 (6%) were mix growth and 271/288 (94%) were single growths, which were focused on in this study (monomicrobe). The Gram-negative bacteria were 231/271 (85%) and the Gram-positive bacteria were 40/271 (15%), and E. coli bacteria constituted 119/231 (51.5%) and P. mirabilis, bacteria 27/231 (11.7%). The average ages were (52.92 ± 17.46) and (56.78 ± 18.03) for E. coli and P. mirabilis, bacteria, respectively. Significant differences were found at P-Value 0.5 in some age groups, in addition to both bacteria in males more prevalent with a significant difference. The presence of E. coli bacteria was more widespread in urban areas, unlike bacteria. P. mirabilis, which was more widespread in rural areas. Ten antibiotics were tested to compare them, and there were four antibiotics, namely Augmentin, Amikacin, Trimethoprim and Imipenem, which had the same effect and did not constitute any significant difference. As for the other types, they formed a significant difference.
The role of filaggrin gene (FLG) in patients with atopic dermatitis in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Kamil Ibbadi Ataa , Abdul Hussein Mejbel Fatima
Published: November 2024

This study sought to detect the role of filaggrin gene (FLG) in patients which play a role in the disease or development of atopic dermatitis. for a period of 16 months, from 1/5/2022 to 1/8/2023, the (100) samples in this study were divided into two groups: the patients (70), whose clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is confirmed by dermatologists, and the control groups (30), whose immunological and biochemical analyses confirmed their status. Patients and controls were arranged according to age and gender, with age groups further divided into five categories: 1-7, 7-16, 16-33, 33-45, and >45 years. The samples were analyzed by DNA sequencing for filaggrin gene. The results showed the filaggrin gene there were no significant difference between ,patients and healthy groups at (Pvalue =0.081) and there were no significant difference between male and female (P-value =0.143) and Highly significant difference at (P-value ≤0.001) Genetic sequencing of the FLG gene was observed with three genotypes (CC, CT, and TT).
Effect of immune response on TGF-B levels in aborted females with T.gondii and Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Abdulkadir Naji Murtadha , Jabbar Mushattat Sukayna
Published: November 2024

Researched was the immune response on Transforming growth factor beta levels in aborted females infected with T.gondii and Cytomegalovirus in infected females serum. The samples were collected from aborted females from 2023/10/1 to 2024/4/1 than diagnosed in the infection with T.gondii and Cytomeglovirus by detection their IgG and IgM antibodies levels in their serum. The number of females that this study examined was 150, classified into 3 groups, the number for references during study period 30 which are group number1, 60 aborted females for unknown reasons as group 2 and 60 females infected with T.gondii and Cytomegalovirus as group 3.
Association of the CDH1 Gene Variant (Promoter -160 C/A) with Breast Cancer and Its Linking with Prognostic and Clinical Features of Patients
Authors: Mohammed Jaber Zahraa , Muhammed Abdul-Hussein Al-Husseini Rand
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is one of gynecological cancers worldwide. Because E-cadherin is essential protien for cells connection and maintains on original shape for epithelial tissue, this study supposed that CDH1 -160 C/A SNP is linked with increased BC hazard and assess linking between this SNP genotypes and prognostic and clinical features of BC females. Subjects were divided into 75 BC cases and 50 healthy controls without family history to any cancer. This SNP variants was determined by PCR-RFLP technique. This study recorded a much increase in number of women up 45 years (p=0.0008). In addition, women who had BC family history had a significant increase (p=<0.00001) in BC incidence. These results found that cases with ductal carcinoma were significantly (p=<0.00001) more prevalent among BC patients. Also, distribution of BC appeared mostly in cases with grade II, tumor stage III that involved lymph node metastasis with significant differences (0.0003, 0.00005, <0.00001 respectively). This study explained that minor A allele of this SNP much risen in BC females compared to controls (p=0.005). Also, these results reported that C/A and A/A genotypes were correlated with increasing of patients ages as well as positive family history and ductal carcinoma with significant differences (p=0.03, p=0.0003, p=0.002). In sum, this study determined that the CDH1 -160 C/A SNP was significantly increased BC hazard in Iraqi females. moreover, mutant A allele was significantly correlated with cases who had positive family history, ductal cancer and age over 45 years.
Metallic nanoparticles production by Actinomycetes and their Impact against some human pathogens
Authors: Ahmed Amin Safia , Dawood Mohamed E.A. , Alhejely Amani , Mahmoud Mohamed , El-Basyoni Dina , Abd-Elghany Khaled
Published: November 2024

The Study Investigated Metallic Nanoparticles Synthesized extracellularly. Using actinomycetes isolated from different environments as (The Mediterranean Sea, Some Fields, stagnant water, underground water, and rainfall water). Checking for Microorganisms Only six actinomycetes could be retrieved from the thirty-five samples that were gathered for the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles, and of those six, only three showed the ability to synthesis AgNPs with antibacterial activity. We identified these powerful isolates as Arthrobacter crystallopoietes strain smmdk12 (OR685674), Micromonospora maris strain smmdk13 (OR685672), and Streptomyces albus strain smmdk14 (OR685674) based on their features. On the basis of 16rRNA sequences along with morphological and physiological properties. The proliferation of medically significant pathogenic bacteria was considerably influenced and suppressed by the biosynthesized AgNPS. Silver nitrate (1 mM) was added to the culture supernatant to create biosynthesized AgNPS, which were then characterised using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. The AgNPS particle size and spherical shape that were obtained (6.46nm-24.7nm). Evaluations were conducted on the antimicrobial impact of AgNPs. The results of the wound healing process showed that after being exposed to Ag-NPs for 24 hours, fibroblasts progressed toward the opening to seal the scratch wound by around 66.4%, significantly speeding up the healing process.
Comparative analysis of the spectrum of antibacterial activity of oils from ungurahui fruits, black cumin seeds and kukui nut
Authors: Lyashchuk Yulia , Ovchinnikov Alexey , Evdokimova Olga , Sankin Anton , Samarin Gennady
Published: November 2024

The work is devoted to the study of the antibacterial activity of oils from the fruits of ungurahui, black cumin seeds and kukui nuts. Based on the studies conducted, the authors concluded that their use is promising in the process of creating natural biologically active oil-based preparations.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the of false pregnancy in Zaanen goats
Authors: Shatsky K.O. , Dyulger G.P. , Akchurina I.V.
Published: November 2024

The overall prevalence of pseudopregnancy and an assessment of a number of risk factors (season of the year, parity and milk productivity) on the incidence of goats of the Zaanen breed with false pregnancy (hydrometra) was studied. The research was carried out on a goat-breeding dairy farm of LLC Eco Farm Klimovskaya in the Kaluga region of the Russian Federation. The disease was diagnosed by ultrasound examination in all months and periods of the year. The seasonal increase in morbidity was noted at the peak of the breeding season in the autumn months of the year. The highest incidence rate (11.97%) was recorded in parous goats who have given birth one or two with a milk production level of 2 kg/day or less, the lowest once (3.92%) – in nulliparous females. The overall prevalence of pseudopregnancy was 9.31%.
Polymorphism of the leptin gene (a80v) and its effect on dairy productivity of cattle
Authors: Yaryshkin Andrey , Shatalina Olga
Published: November 2024

Modern technologies, including marker breeding, make it possible to identify genetically valuable animals and select individuals for breeding and raising, which in turn helps to increase productivity, improve the quality of milk and dairy products and reduce material costs for its production. The researchers also note the relationship of the leptin gene with an increase in live weight of cattle and lipid metabolism. The purpose of the research was to study the DNA polymorphism of the leptin marker gene and its possible use as a leptin marker gene to improve the productive performance of cattle. The animals were genotyped using PCR-RFLP analysis. Data on milk productivity and insemination indicators are taken from the ARM "Selex" (dairy cattle) program. Biometric processing of the obtained results was carried out, the reliability criterion was calculated. The results of the study showed that the AA genotype and the A allele are the most common in the Holstein breed. It was concluded that the AA genotype is associated with high milk yield, and the AV genotype is associated with an increase in fat and protein in milk and an increase in body weight. The milk yield of these individuals exceeds the indicators of their peers by 200-400 kg, and in terms of lifetime productivity reaches 4,600 kg. The AA genotype has a beneficial effect on the timing of economically beneficial use of cows. The difference in the duration of economic use was 0.6-2.1 lactation. The use of marker genes, such as leptin A80V, can help increase productivity and improve milk quality in cattle, which is an important task of the breeding process.
Biochemical status of preweaning calves when using an emulsion based on coriander and fennel essential oils
Authors: Ostrenko K.S. , Ovcharova A.N. , Nevkrytaya N.V. , Kutin I.V.
Published: November 2024

One of the promising areas for the animal husbandry development, especially in fattening calves, is the prevention of digestive disorders. One of the effective means of reducing the risks of developing abomazoenteritis in preweaning calves are secondary metabolites of essential oil crops and feed additives based on them. We have developed a phytosomal emulsion based on soy lecithin, containing 10% of a mixture of essential oils (coriander and fennel), for use as a feed additive in a whole milk substitute for preweaning calves. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a phytosomal emulsion with a different proportional content of EM fennel and coriander on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of preweaning calves. During the conducted studies, it was found that against the background of the use of phytoemulsions, the level of erythrocytes significantly increased by 12.3; 16.4, and 21.9%, respectively, and hemoglobin by 3.6; 9.8, and 11.6% relative to the control; a tendency to decrease in leukocytes was noted. Consequently, the use of essential oil emulsions led to erythropoiesis intensification. In animals of the 3rd group, the maximum increase in protein and fat metabolism was revealed: an increase in the level of total protein by 19.1%, albumin fraction - by 11.4%; creatinine content - by 17%; cholesterol - by 8.6%, HDL - by 13.7%, triglycerides - by 2 times. The content of calcium, iron, and magnesium was also higher in the experimental groups. Thus, the introduction of EO emulsions into the diet had a beneficial effect on the metabolic processes in the body of calves, characterizing the intensity of protein metabolism and, as a result, the intensification of muscle mass gain.
Comparative assessment of the productive qualities of Holstein and Jersey dairy cattle
Authors: Oleinik S.A. , Maltsev A.E. , Filatov D.A.
Published: November 2024

The development of the dairy business in modern conditions is closely related to the demand for dairy raw materials in the food market. The preferences of consumers of dairy products also have an impact on the required quality of dairy raw materials. The increase in dairy productivity of cows in Russia is due both to the introduction of modern milk production technologies and to the breeding of Holstein cattle, which is the world leader in milk production. At the same time, in connection with the assessment of the quality of dairy raw materials, mainly in terms of fat and protein content, commodity producers are interested in increasing the indicators of protein and fat content in dairy cattle. A comparative study of the milk productivity of the brood stock of the Jersey and Holstein genotypes showed that Holstein cows were the best in milk yield by 39.31%. Nevertheless, analogues of Jersey cows exceeded Holstein analogues in milk fat yield by 35.24% and protein by 21.36% per 1 kg of live weight, which is possible due to a higher conversion of nutrients from feed to dairy products in Jersey cattle genotypes. The results obtained increase the attractiveness of Jersey cattle when breeding in the conditions of the North Caucasus.