bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving Forward Together: Logics of the Securitisation Process
Authors: Bourbeau Philippe
Published: September 2014

In its current configuration, the literature on securitisation – the process of integrating an issue into a security framework that emphasises policing and defence – relies mainly on two logics: the logic of exception and the logic of routine. For some scholars, these two approaches to the study of securitisation frame a battleground on which a conflict among various structural, critical, cultural and sociological standpoints is waged. Although many graduate students cut their theoretical teeth on these debates, little has been gained thus far in the battle for possession of the field. By questioning the literature’s underlying understanding of these two logics as opposing and competing, I pursue two aims in this article. First, I seek to bolster current research on the securitisation process by moving the conversation away from its current analytical stalemate. I caution scholars against overdrawing distinctions between the two logics, for it is not clear that they are mutually exclusive. Second, I seek to recognise and harness the strengths of both logics, and to identify the fruitful theoretical ‘bricks’ each framework contributes to our understanding of securitisation. I illustrate the preceding set of arguments through an analysis of the social construction of migration as a security threat in France since the end of the Cold War.
@hannah_arendt: An Arendtian Critique of Online Social Networks
Authors: Schwarz Elke
Published: September 2014

New technologies in communications and networking have shaped the way political movements can be mobilised and coordinated in important ways. Recent uprisings have shown dramatically how a people can communicate its cause effectively beyond borders, through online social networking channels and mobile phone technologies. Hannah Arendt, as an eminent scholar of power and politics in the modern era, offers a relevant lens with which to theoretically examine the implications and uses of online social networks and their impact on politics as praxis. This article creates an account of how Arendt might have evaluated virtual social networks in the context of their potency to create power, spaces and possibilities for political action. With an Arendtian lens the article examines whether these virtual means of ‘shared appearances’ facilitate or frustrate efforts in the formation of political power and the creation of new beginnings. Based on a contemporary reading of her writings, the article concludes that Arendt’s own assessment of online social networks, as spheres for political action, would likely have been very critical.
Migraine and stroke: In search of shared mechanisms
Authors: Mawet Jerome , Kurth Tobias , Ayata Cenk
Published: September 2014

Background

Migraine, particularly with aura, increases the risk for ischemic stroke, at least in a subset of patients. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and probably multifactorial.

Methods

We carried out an extended literature review of experimental and clinical evidence supporting the association between migraine and ischemic stroke to identify potential mechanisms that can explain the association.

Results

Observational, imaging and genetic evidence support a link between migraine and ischemic stroke. Based on clinical and experimental data, we propose mechanistic hypotheses to explain the link, such as microembolic triggers of migraine and enhanced sensitivity to ischemic injury in migraineurs.

Discussion

We discuss the possible practical implications of clinical and experimental data, such as aggressive risk factor screening and management, stroke prophylaxis and specific acute stroke management in migraineurs. However, evidence from prospective clinical trials is required before modifying the practice in this patient population.
Living in the World as Humans
Authors: Boni Tanella
Published: September 2014

Human beings are not an artificial creation nor are genetically modified organisms. They are bodies which share in life with plants and animals and which possess certain characteristics such as language and the capacity for thought which provide the freedom to attain knowledge, to project and realize intentions, to act upon the world. They inhabit a world where men and women reveal themselves as human, or conversely, as inhuman. Humans, with male and female following their own particular paths, behave according to norms specific to their group. The question which remains unanswered is whether it is possible to derive a universal ethic which is valid for all, whatever one's distinct culture might be. This paper focus on this particular issue, providing philosophical as well as literary references, taken both from the Western and the African traditions.
Organellar proteome analyses of ricin toxin-treated HeLa cells
Authors: Liao Peng , Li Yunhu , Li Hongyang , Liu Wensen
Published: September 2014

Apoptosis triggered by ricin toxin (RT) has previously been associated with certain cellular organellar compartments, but the diversity in the composition of the organellar proteins remains unclear. Here, we applied a shotgun proteomics strategy to examine the differential expression of proteins in the mitochondria, nuclei, and cytoplasm of HeLa cells treated and not treated with RT. Data were combined with a global bioinformatics analysis and experimental confirmations. A total of 3107 proteins were identified. Bioinformatics predictors (Proteome Analyst, WoLF PSORT, TargetP, MitoPred, Nucleo, MultiLoc, and k-nearest neighbor) and a Bayesian model that integrated these predictors were used to predict the locations of 1349 distinct organellar proteins. Our data indicate that the Bayesian model was more efficient than the individual implementation of these predictors. Additionally, a Biomolecular Interaction Network (BIN) analysis was used to identify 149 BIN subnetworks. Our experimental confirmations indicate that certain apoptosis-related proteins (e.g. cytochrome c, enolase, lamin B, Bax, and Drp1) were found to be translocated and had variable expression levels. These results provide new insights for the systematic understanding of RT-induced apoptosis responses.
Mechanical enhancement, morphology, and crystallization kinetics of polyoxymethylene-based composites with recycled carbon fiber
Authors: Wenzhong Nie , Kang Qi , Shaofeng li , lujie Zhang
Published: September 2014

Recycled carbon fiber (RCF) was employed as a reinforcing material to prepare polyoxymethylene (POM)-based composites through a simple melting extrusion. An effective approach was developed to clean and modify the surface of the as-received RCF with nitric acid and then with a silane coupling agent. The mechanical evaluation demonstrated that a significant reinforcement was achieved for POM/RCF composites due to the improved interfacial adhesion between the fibers and the matrix. The thermal stabilities of the composites were also improved in the presence of RCF. The morphological observation of impact fracture surfaces indicated that the RCF gained a homogeneous dispersion in POM matrix due to good interfacial boding between fibers and matrix. The studies on nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization behaviors showed that RCF acted as a nucleation agent for the crystallization of POM domain in composites; therefore, the crystallization rate and nucleation density increased remarkably due to the heterogeneous nucleating effect of RCF. These crystallization features may be advantageous for the enhancement of mechanical performance and processability of POM-based composites.
Self-administered sample collection for screening of sexually transmitted infection among reservation-based American Indian youth
Authors: Tingey Lauren , Strom Rachel , Hastings Ranelda , Parker Anthony , Barlow Allison , Rompalo Anne , Gaydos Charlotte
Published: September 2014

American Indians suffer a disproportionate burden of sexually transmitted infection, particularly adolescents. Screening access barriers in rural and reservation-based communities necessitate alternatives to clinic-based options. Self-administered screening for three sexually transmitted infections was piloted among 32 American Indian adolescents aged 18 to 19. Participants self-collected in a private location; specimens were processed by trained, American Indian paraprofessionals and analysis was conducted by an outside laboratory. Participants testing positive were treated by a Public Health Nurse from the Indian Health Service. Results suggest high overall acceptability: 69% preferred a self-administered method over clinic-based screening, 75% would encourage their friends to use this method and 100% would use it again. A self-administered screening method has the ability to reach this and other high-risk populations that might not otherwise access screening, with added potential within the Indian Health Services system for uptake and dissemination in rural, reservation communities facing significant screening barriers.
From Shame to Shame Resilience
Authors: Dayal Helena , Weaver Kathryn , Domene José F.
Published: September 2014

Using narrative analysis, the experiences of 7 Canadian counselor trainees with eating issues were explored for meanings of shame and resilience. Shame was experienced as layers of discounting and disconnection from self and others, which served as barriers to help seeking and recovery. Trainees’ attempts to overcome shame were characterized by a dialectic conflict of protecting shame vs. prioritizing recovery. Finding a culture of safety and belonging, invalidating perfection, and redefining ideals emerged as elements that fostered resilience from the layers of shame. Recommendations for future research include exploring the important features of social support and examining how safe disclosure contributes to overcoming shame. Potential implications for counselor education programs include introducing self-care initiatives, discussions about counselor wellness and ethical practice, and education on eating issues.
Palliative Care in Neonatal Intensive Care, Effects on Parent Stress and Satisfaction
Authors: Petteys Annie R. , Goebel Joy R. , Wallace Joetta D. , Singh-Carlson Savitri
Published: September 2014

Context:

Approximately 1 in 10 infants require neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization, which causes parental stress. Palliative care (PC) provides an opportunity to alleviate suffering and stress.

Objectives:

This study examines the effects of PC on NICU parent stress and satisfaction.

Methods:

A prospective cohort design compares stress and satisfaction among families receiving or not receiving PC.

Results:

No significant differences in stress scores were found ( P = .27-1.00). Palliative care parents (100%) were more likely to report being “extremely satisfied” with care than usual-care parents (50%).

Conclusion:

This study supports the feasibility of evaluating NICU PC services. Infants referred for PC typically have higher morbidity/mortality; therefore, higher parental stress scores may be expected. Stress levels were similar in both cohorts, thus PC did not increase stress and may decrease PC parent stress.
Association Between School District Policies That Address Chronic Health Conditions of Students and Professional Development for School Nurses on Such Policies
Authors: Jones S. Everett , Brener Nancy D. , Bergren Martha Dewey
Published: September 2014

Supportive school policies and well-prepared school nurses can best address the needs of students with chronic health conditions. We analyzed nationally representative data from the 2012 School Health Policies and Practices Study to examine whether districts with policies requiring that schools provide health services to students with chronic health conditions were more likely to provide funding for professional development (PD) or offer PD to school nurses on those health services than districts without such policies. Compared to districts without certain requirements for health services related to chronic health conditions, districts with those requirements were more likely to provide PD on related topics (for all comparisons, p ≤ .001). For some topics, however, regardless of district requirements, PD was fairly low and suggests the need for increases in the rates at which districts provide PD to support school nurses who deliver services to students with chronic health conditions.
Extensor Apparatus of the Lesser Toes
Authors: Dalmau-Pastor Miquel , Fargues Betlem , Alcolea Enric , Martínez-Franco Nerea , Ruiz-Escobar Patricia , Vega Jordi , Golanó Pau
Published: September 2014

Lesser toe deformities are one of the most common conditions faced by orthopedic surgeons. Knowledge of the anatomy of the lesser toes is important for ensuring correct diagnosis and treatment of deformities, which are caused by factors such as muscle imbalance between the extensor apparatus and flexor tendons. However, this apparatus has not received sufficient attention in the literature. In addition, the large number of inaccurate and erroneous descriptions means that gaining an understanding of these structures is problematic. The objective of the present article is to clarify the anatomy of the extensor apparatus by means of a pictorial essay, in which the structures involved will be grouped and discussed in detail. The most relevant clinical implications will be addressed.

Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
Computerized Clinical Decision Support Improves Warfarin Management and Decreases Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Woller Scott C. , Stevens Scott M. , Towner Steven , Olson Jeff , Christensen Paige , Hamilton Sharon , Newman Laurel , Mott Loren , Hu Ping , Brunisholz Kimberly D. , Long Yenh , Lloyd Jim , Evans R. Scott , Cannon Wayne , Elliott C. Greg
Published: September 2014

Background:

An explicit approach to warfarin dose adjustment using computerized clinical decision support (CDS) improves warfarin management. We report metrics of quality for warfarin management before and after implementation of CDS in a large health care system.

Methods:

A total of 2591 chronically anticoagulated patients were eligible for inclusion. We compared interpatient time in therapeutic range (TTR) and international normalized ratio (INR) variability before and after implementation of CDS. We report outcomes of major bleeding, thrombosis, and health care utilization.

Results:

Implementation of CDS significantly improved TTR (from 63.99% to 65.13%; P = .04) and reduced out-of-range INRs (from 42.39% to 39.97%; P < .001). Venous thromboembolism (relative risk [RR] 0.41; P < .001) emergency department utilization (RR 0.62; P < .001), and hospitalization (RR 0.62; P < .001) were reduced after CDS implementation. Major hemorrhage was more frequent after CDS implementation (RR 1.42; P = .01).

Conclusion:

The CDS warfarin management was associated with improved TTR and decreased INR variability in a large cohort of chronically anticoagulated patients. Clinically relevant outcomes were broadly improved, although more bleeding events were observed.
Bilateral synchronous adrenal metastasis of invasive ductal carcinoma treated with multimodality therapy including adrenalectomy and oophorectomy
Authors: Eren Orhan Onder , Ordu Cetin , Selcuk Nalan A , Akosman Cengiz , Ozturk Mehmet Akif , Özkan Ferda , Gokce Özcan , Oyan Basak
Published: September 2014

A 38-year-old woman presented with a mass in the left breast. Biopsy of the lesion revealed invasive ductal carcinoma. Bilateral adrenal metastasis was detected in whole body positron emission tomography scanning. Needle biopsy of the left adrenal lesion proved infiltration of malignant cells from breast carcinoma. After eight cycles of neoadjuvant (preoperative) chemotherapy, mastectomy, bilateral adrenalectomy, and bilateral oopherectomy were performed. No further hormonal treatment was recommended due to the resection of both adrenal glands and ovaries. The patient is still followed without any sign of progression. To our knowledge, this is the first case representing multimodality approach to breast cancer with bilateral synchronous adrenal metastasis. Patients with oligometastatic disease may benefit from aggressive treatment including local therapies.
Imagine being asked to evaluate your CEO …: Using the constructive controversy approach to teach gender and management in times of economic crisis
Authors: Gherardi Silvia , Murgia Annalisa
Published: September 2014

This article addresses the relationship between gender and management as intertwined discursive practices. Following a constructive controversial approach, we proposed to the students to complete a short story in which they have to give a feedback either to a fictitious female or to a male boss. The article has a dual aim since it offers a reflection on a teaching methodology suited to foster critical thinking in the classroom and analyzes the narratives so produced in search of what constitutes the students’ idea of “good management.” In positioning men/women CEO within a narrative, students enact a moral order that evaluates management in society. Their narratives reveal how the economic crisis has undermined the positive image of the male manager, while femaleness is emphasized for its anti-managerial imaginary. Moreover, the idea of what constitutes “good management” is constructed around an idea of care for both male and female CEOs.
Agency, institutional stretch and structural adjustment
Authors: Kefford Glenn
Published: September 2014

This article examines the case study of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from December 2006 to October 2013. During this period the party fought three federal elections. In 2007 they won government after 11 years in opposition. In 2010 they were required to form a minority government to stay in power and in 2013 they were comprehensively defeated. Beneath the surface though, party leaders were able to exercise agency to stretch their influence beyond their prescribed authority and to contribute directly to unexpected structural reform in the party. Altering the way the party leader was selected had up to this point been resisted by Australia’s major parties. This article will explore the context in which this period of stretch and reform occurred and will compare the ALP case to the pre-existing literature on institutional stretch and expansion of the leadership selectorate.
Networks from communication
Authors: Fuhse Jan A.
Published: September 2014

This article proposes to model and empirically study social networks as emerging, stabilizing, and changing in the process of communication. Rather than starting from actors, communicative events are conceptualized as the basic units. In the sequence of communication, these events are attributed to actors, together with underlying dispositions. Relational expectations about the behavior of actors towards others result, effectively structuring communication and making for the regularities of communication we observe as relationships and networks. Not only individuals, but also collective and corporate actors can feature as nodes in social networks – as long as action is attributed to them, and relational expectations about their behavior to other actors develop. The approach combines recent developments in the theory of social networks by Harrison White and others with Niklas Luhmann’s theory of communication.
Stab resistance of triaxial woven fabrics for soft body armor
Authors: El Messiry Magdi , Eltahan Eman
Published: September 2014

Protective body armors, providing protection against stab threats, have long been in a focus of substantial interest. Lightweight fabric for flexible body armors that satisfy the customized fit, comfort, and protection should be considered. Sharp impact experiments were conducted on single and multilayer fabrics of Kevlar29, Vectran, and Polyester triaxial woven fabrics and compared with polyester woven and knitted fabrics. The experimental results evaluate the energy absorption of the different triaxial woven fabrics for stab resistance. An index was developed to evaluate the capability of fibers to absorb the impact energy which indicated that high fiber tenacity and Young’s modulus and low density lead to high rate of punching resistance force. The present work indicates that Vectran triaxial weave fabrics propose to improve the impact performance when used in developing multilayer fabrics for designing lightweight soft body armor with enhanced stab performance adding flexibility and comfort.
Friends or Foes
Authors: Decety Jean , Cowell Jason M.
Published: September 2014

In the past decade, a flurry of empirical and theoretical research on morality and empathy has taken place, and interest and usage in the media and the public arena have increased. At times, in both popular culture and academia, morality and empathy are used interchangeably, and quite often the latter is considered to play a foundational role for the former. In this article, we argue that although there is a relationship between morality and empathy, it is not as straightforward as apparent at first glance. Moreover, it is critical to distinguish among the different facets of empathy (emotional sharing, empathic concern, and perspective taking), as each uniquely influences moral cognition and predicts differential outcomes in moral behavior. Empirical evidence and theories from evolutionary biology as well as developmental, behavioral, and affective and social neuroscience are comprehensively integrated in support of this argument. The wealth of findings illustrates a complex and equivocal relationship between morality and empathy. The key to understanding such relations is to be more precise on the concepts being used and, perhaps, abandoning the muddy concept of empathy.
Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Khair M. Michael , Dines Joshua S. , Dines David M.
Published: September 2014

Context:

Increasingly, total shoulder arthroplasty is being performed not only to treat the pain associated with glenohumeral arthritis but also to return patients to the level of activity and function they enjoyed prior to the development of arthritis. While return to sport and activity have been studied in the total knee and total hip replacement literature, it is only relatively recently that the same focus has been placed on total shoulder replacements.

Evidence Acquisition:

PubMed database from the years 2000 to 2014. All studies relevant to shoulder arthroplasty and return to sport were included in the review.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Results:

An increasing number of patients seeking total shoulder arthroplasty are doing so with the expectation of not only decreased symptoms of glenohumeral arthritis but also of return to a high level of activity. The majority of patients are able to return to their prior level of activity within 6 months of surgery. In some series, patients saw an improvement in their ability to perform their chosen activity.

Conclusion:

Patients should be counseled that there is a high probability that they will be able to return to their preoperative activity level after total shoulder arthroplasty and, in some cases, see an improvement in their abilities to participate in sport.

Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT):

C.
Three galleries of the Anthropocene
Authors: Robin Libby , Avango Dag , Keogh Luke , Möllers Nina , Scherer Bernd , Trischler Helmuth
Published: September 2014

This paper considers three ‘galleries’ that explore the Anthropocene in cultural ways, and the implications of the Anthropocene idea for cultural institutions and heritage. The first gallery is the 2014–2016 exhibition Welcome to the Anthropocene: The Earth in Our Hands, [ Willkommen im Anthropozän: Unsere Verantwortung für die Zukunft der Erde] at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. The second ‘gallery’ of Anthropocene Posters sponsored by the Art Museum, Haus der Kulturen der Welt (HKW), placed the Anthropocene in a ‘museum without walls’ in the streets of Berlin in 2013. The third ‘gallery of the Anthropocene’, was not a museum, but rather a landscape gallery (or ‘spectacle’) of in situ industrial heritage in Svalbard. Pyramiden, a town established to mine coal well north of the Arctic Circle in the early 20th century, has been recently transformed as an attraction for climate change science and heritage tourism. Here the hybridized local landscape creates a snapshot of the Anthropocene, bringing together industrial coal-mining heritage buildings, polar tourism and science forged in the geopolitics of the changing Arctic environment.
Developing a Global Cancer Stigma Index
Authors: Edelen Maria Orlando , Chandra Anita , Stucky Brian , Schear Rebekkah , Neal Claire , Rechis Ruth
Published: September 2014

Despite increasing recognition about the stigma associated with cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment-seeking behaviors, there has been relatively little attention paid to how to assess and intervene to reduce that stigma. An index to measure cancer stigma could empower health program developers and policymakers by identifying the key areas in which a population could benefit from education to change perceptions and address misinformation. The index also could be used to rank countries and communities based on their level of cancer stigma to assess where interventions are needed. We used structured literature review and expert review to generate a cancer stigma item pool. The item pool was subject to cognitive interviews for cultural appropriateness and comprehension; and data from initial pilot testing were used to reduce the pool of items for translation and field testing. The field test was conducted using a web-based survey in four samples representing two regions and three languages—English and Arabic speakers in Jordan and Egypt, and English and Mandarin Chinese speakers in China. Factor analyses and item response theory were applied to finalize the index. The analyses resulted in a 12-item cancer stigma index (CSI) that was reliable across all four samples. The CSI scores were highly correlated with a general illness stigma scale, and operated as expected noting higher cancer stigma among men and those with lower income. The CSI can be used to inform initial cancer education efforts, identifying overall stigma levels in a country or community and particular issue areas requiring intervention.
Psychometric Properties of the Drive for Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire Among Irish Men
Authors: Ryan Travis A. , Morrison Todd G.
Published: September 2014

The Drive for Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire (DMAQ) was developed to measure men’s desire to attain an idealized muscular body. To date, the cross-cultural suitability of this measure has received limited attention. The current study addressed this omission by testing the psychometric properties of the DMAQ using an online sample of Irish men ( N = 327). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a unidimensional model adequately matched observed data (i.e., fit indices suggested acceptable model fit). Analyses also showed that the DMAQ yielded reliable and construct valid scores, suggesting that the scale holds promise as an indicant of the drive for muscularity among Irish men. Strengths and limitations associated with this study are discussed, such as advantages and disadvantages of Internet research. Directions for future research are given, including the need for more psychometric work.
Rate enhanced electroless fabrication of nickel ceramic composite membranes
Authors: Agarwal A. , Pujari M. , Uppaluri R. , Verma A.
Published: September 2014

Elaborating upon the role of surfactant and sonication, this work addresses the combinatorial plating characteristics for the fabrication of nickel ceramic composite membranes. Specific novelty corresponds to controlled addition of hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent to nickel electroless plating bath. The experimental investigations evaluated the optimality of solution concentrations of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulphate surfactants during coupled sonication and surfactant based electroless plating. Among both surfactants, CTAB surfactant with a solution concentration of 4 CMC provided maximum combinations of pore densification (73·4%), metal film thickness (8·4 μm) and plating efficiency (89·9%). In all, it was observed that with CTAB surfactant the pore densification and plating efficiencies increased with increasing surfactant solution concentration from 1–4 CMC and were maximum at 4 CMC which drastically decreased at 6 CMC respectively probably due to surfactant adsorption on the substrate surface.
miR-638 mediated regulation of BRCA1affects DNA repair and sensitivity to UV and cisplatin in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Tan Xiaohui , Peng Jin , Fu Yebo , An Shejuan , Rezaei Katayoon , Tabbara Sana , Teal Christine B , Man Yan-gao , Brem Rachel F , Fu Sidney W
Published: September 2014

Introduction

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 15 to 20% of all types of breast cancer; however, it accounts for a large number of metastatic cases and deaths, and there is still no effective treatment. The deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in breast cancer has been widely reported. We previously identified that miR-638 was one of the most deregulated miRNAs in breast cancer progression. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-638 directly targets BRCA1. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-638 in breast cancer prognosis and treatment.

Methods

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer samples were microdissected into normal epithelial and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cells, and total RNA was isolated. Several breast cancer cell lines were used for the functional analysis. miR-638 target genes were identified by TARGETSCAN-VERT 6.2 and miRanda. The expression of miR-638 and its target genes was analyzed by real-time qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to confirm the specificity of miR-638 target genes. The biological function of miR-638 was analyzed by MTT chemosensitivity, matrigel invasion and host cell reactivation assays.

Results

The expression of miR-638 was decreased in IDC tissue samples compared to their adjacent normal controls. The decreased miR-638 expression was more prevalent in non-TNBC compared with TNBC cases. miR-638 expression was significantly downregulated in breast cancer cell lines compared to the immortalized MCF-10A epithelial cells. BRCA1 was predicted as one of the direct targets of miR-638, which was subsequently confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Forced expression of miR-638 resulted in a significantly reduced proliferation rate as well as decreased invasive ability in TNBC cells. Furthermore, miR-638 overexpression increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, ultraviolet (UV) and cisplatin, but not to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and epirubicin exposure in TNBC cells. Host cell reactivation assays showed that miR-638 reduced DNA repair capability in post UV/cisplatin-exposed TNBC cells. The reduced proliferation, invasive ability, and DNA repair capabilities are associated with downregulated BRCA1 expression.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that miR-638 plays an important role in TNBC progression via BRCA1 deregulation. Therefore, miR-638 might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Toward better benchmarking: challenge-based methods assessment in cancer genomics
Authors: Boutros Paul C , Margolin Adam A , Stuart Joshua M , Califano Andrea , Stolovitzky Gustavo
Published: September 2014

Rapid technological development has created an urgent need for improved evaluation of algorithms for the analysis of cancer genomics data. We outline how challenge-based assessment may help fill this gap by leveraging crowd-sourcing to distribute effort and reduce bias.
NGS-Logistics: federated analysis of NGS sequence variants across multiple locations
Authors: Ardeshirdavani Amin , Souche Erika , Dehaspe Luc , Van Houdt Jeroen , Vermeesch Joris Robert , Moreau Yves
Published: September 2014

As many personal genomes are being sequenced, collaborative analysis of those genomes has become essential. However, analysis of personal genomic data raises important privacy and confidentiality issues. We propose a methodology for federated analysis of sequence variants from personal genomes. Specific base-pair positions and/or regions are queried for samples to which the user has access but also for the whole population. The statistics results do not breach data confidentiality but allow further exploration of the data; researchers can negotiate access to relevant samples through pseudonymous identifiers. This approach minimizes the impact on data confidentiality while enabling powerful data analysis by gaining access to important rare samples. Our methodology is implemented in an open source tool called NGS-Logistics, freely available at https://ngsl.esat.kuleuven.be.
A Simple and Efficient Intensity Measure to Account for Nonlinear Structural Behavior
Authors: De Biasio Marco , Grange Stephane , Dufour Frederic , Allain Frederic , Petre-Lazar Ilie
Published: September 2014

A fundamental issue that arises in the framework of probabilistic seismic risk analysis is the choice of ground motion intensity measures (IMs). A new structure-specific IM, namely, relative average spectral acceleration ( ASAR), is being proposed herein, and a comparison with current IMs is performed based on (1) a large data set of recorded earthquake signals; (2) numerical analyses conducted with state-of-the-art finite element (FE) models, representing actual load-bearing walls and frame structures, and validated against experimental test; and (3) systematic statistical analyses of the results. According to a comparative study of the case of nonlinear structural behavior, the ASAR proves to be the most efficient IM with respect to demand parameters, such as maximum interstory drift, frequency drop and maximum ductility demand. Beyond the sufficiency and simplicity of its formulation, which allow for the use of existing ground motion prediction models, the ASAR offers a promising IM for performance-based seismic design and/or assessment.
Demographic Characteristics, Sources of Information, and Preparedness for Earthquakes in California
Authors: Bourque Linda B.
Published: September 2014

This paper examines how demographic characteristics of California residents and their sources of information combine to predict earthquake preparedness and hazard mitigation. Telephone interviews were conducted in English or Spanish in 2008 with a sample of 2,081 California households selected by random-digit-dialing, supplemented with random sampling from geographic areas with higher proportions of Blacks/African Americans. Home ownership and higher income result in both more preparedness and more access to information. Although renters have equal access to most sources of information they are less likely than owners to have stockpiled supplies, invested in planning or nonstructural mitigation, or to know what to do during an earthquake. Insurance representatives and employers influenced more preparedness and hazard mitigation than groups that focus on increasing earthquake preparedness. The exception is the California Volunteers, who are the only group that has influenced preparedness by Spanishspeaking Hispanic immigrant populations.
Seismic Loss Estimation and Environmental Issues
Authors: Arroyo Danny , Ordaz Mario , Teran-Gilmore Amador
Published: September 2014

The consideration of environmental losses in seismic design is discussed within the framework of cost optimization analysis. Within this context, the equivalent carbon emissions (CO2-e) are used as a proxy for the environmental cost related to seismic damage, and a model to assess the environmental cost in seismic loss estimation is introduced. The use of the model is illustrated through its application to the analysis of simple earthquake-resistant structural systems. It is concluded that under certain circumstances, the consideration of environmental issues in seismic design may be important, especially as the planning time horizon of the facility increases.
Desired Elements and Timing of Cancer Survivorship Care: One Approach May Not Fit All
Authors: Boyajian Richard N. , Grose Amy , Grenon Nina , Roper Kristin , Sommer Karen , Walsh Michele , Snavely Anna , Neary Susan , Partridge Ann , Nekhlyudov Larissa
Published: September 2014

This study suggests that cancer survivorship care planning is heterogeneous and may not need to be comprehensive, but rather tailored to individual survivors' needs.
Pioneering Quality Assessment in European Cancer Centers: A Data Analysis of the Organization for European Cancer Institutes Accreditation and Designation Program
Authors: Saghatchian Mahasti , Thonon Frédérique , Boomsma Femke , Hummel Henk , Koot Bert , Harrison Chris , Rajan Abinaya , de Valeriola Dominique , Otter Renée , Laranja Pontes José , Lombardo Claudio , McGrath Eoin , Ringborg Ulrik , Tursz Thomas , van Harten Wim
Published: September 2014

The OECI A&D program allows comparisons between centers with regard to management, research, care, education, and designate CCs or CCCs. Through a peer review system, recommendations for improvements are given. Assessing the value of the program and outcome of research and patients' management is the next step.
Cancer Survivors: A Look Backward and Forward
Authors: Ganz Patricia A.
Published: September 2014

The oncology community should be proud of what has been accomplished in the past 50 years in terms of understanding the fundamental genetic basis of cancer but cannot forget the millions of survivors looking for post-treatment guidance on organization of care and mitigation of symptoms.
“Venus of the Capitol”: Madame Tallien and the Politics of Beauty Under the Directory
Authors: Adams Christine
Published: September 2014

Following the Terror and until the rise of Napoléon, beautiful women such as Thérésia Tallien occupied an important political and cultural position made possible by the particular historical context after Thermidor and under the Directory. Nineteenth- and twentieth-century biographers of Madame Tallien were so focused on her beauty, style, and reputation for promiscuity and so fascinated with the “corrupt” role of the Merveilleuses that it can be difficult to understand the real influence of women like her. Her efforts toward political reconciliation have been overshadowed by the recorded memory of her beauty, fashion sense, and love of luxury. Napoléon’s ascent to power would significantly limit women’s political influence as respectability came to mean as much as—perhaps more than—beauty and celebrity. While beautiful women always exercise a kind of power, the political system and climate can circumscribe their influence on political events.

Après la Terreur, et jusqu’à l’essor de Napoléon, les belles femmes comme Thérèse Tallien ont tenu une position politique et culturelle très importante que le contexte historique spécifique après Thermidor et sous le Directoire a rendu possible. Les biographes de Madame Tallien du dixneuvième et du vingtième siècles ont visé sa beauté, son style, sa promiscuité sexuelle réputée, et ont été si fascinés par les pratiques « corrompues » des Merveilleuses qu’il peut être difficile de vraiment discerner l’influence des femmes comme elle. Ses efforts de faciliter la réconciliation politique étaient éclipsés par la mémoire écrite de sa beauté, son élégance, et son amour de luxe. La montée au pouvoir de Napoléon limiterait considérablement l’influence politique des femmes lorsque la respectabilité devenait aussi importante—peut-être plus importante—que la beauté et la célébrité. Les belles femmes ont toujours un type de pouvoir, mais le système et le climat politique peuvent limiter leur influence sur les événements politiques.
The search space of the rat during whisking behavior
Authors: Huet Lucie A. , Hartmann Mitra J. Z.
Published: September 2014

Rodents move their vibrissae rhythmically to tactually explore their surroundings. We used a three-dimensional model of the vibrissal array to quantify the rat's ‘search space’ during whisking. Search space was quantified either as the volume encompassed by the array or as the surface formed by the vibrissal tips. At rest, the average position of the vibrissal tips lies near the rat's mouth, and the tips are all approximately equidistant from the midpoint between the rat's eyes, suggesting spatial registration with the visual system. The intrinsic curvature of the vibrissae greatly increases the volume encompassed by the array, and during a protraction, roll and elevation changes have strong effects on the trajectories of the vibrissal tips. The size of the rat's search space – as measured either by the volume of the array or by the surface area formed by the vibrissal tips – was surprisingly unaffected by protraction angle. In contrast, search space was strongly correlated with the ‘spread’ of the array, defined as the angle between rostral and caudal-most whiskers. We draw two conclusions: first, that with some caveats, spread can be used as a proxy for changes in search space, and second, in order to change its sensing resolution, the rat must differentially control rostral and caudal vibrissae. Finally, we show that behavioral data can be incorporated into the three-dimensional model to visualize changes in vibrissal search space and sensing resolution during natural exploratory whisking.
Hiding opaque eyes in transparent organisms: a potential role for larval eyeshine in stomatopod crustaceans
Authors: Feller K. D. , Cronin T. W.
Published: September 2014

Opaque screening pigments are a fundamental requisite for preserving resolution in image-forming eyes. Possession of any type of image-forming eye in a transparent, pelagic animal will thus undermine the ability of that animal to be invisible in the water column. Transparent, pelagic animals must therefore deal with the trade-off between the ability to see and the ability of other animals to see them. Stomatopod larvae, like many transparent crustaceans, possess specialized optics in their compound eyes that minimize the volume of the opaque retina. Though the volumes of these retinas are reduced, their opacity remains conspicuous to an observer. The light reflected from structures overlying the retinas of stomatopod crustacean larval eyes, referred to here as eyeshine, is hypothesized to further reduce the visibility of opaque retinas. Blue or green wavelengths of light are most strongly reflected in stomatopod larval eyeshine, suggesting a putative spectral matching to the light environment against which the larval eyes are viewed. We tested the efficacy of stomatopod crustacean larval eyeshine as an ocular camouflaging mechanism by photographing larvae in their natural light environment and analysing the contrast of eyes with the background light. To test for spectral matching between stomatopod larval eyeshine and the background light environment, we characterized the spectrum of eyeshine and calculated its performance using radiometric measurements collected at the time of each photographic series. These results are the first to demonstrate an operative mirror camouflage matched in both spectrum and radiance to the pelagic background light environment.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of the QRS Ring System of Maitotoxin
Authors: Onoue Hisaaki , Baba Tomomi , Konoki Keiichi , Torikai Kohei , Ebine Makoto , Oishi Tohru
Published: September 2014

Maitotoxin (MTX) is a ladder-shaped polyether produced by an epiphytic dinoflagellate. As a part of our structure–activity relationship studies using synthetic partial structures of MTX, the QRS ring comprising a 6/6/7 tricyclic system was synthesized through stereoselective construction of five contiguous stereogenic centers on the Q ring via i) coupling of a Weinreb amide and a furyllithium, followed by ii) Noyori asymmetric transfer hydrogenation, iii) the Achmatowicz reaction, iv) chemoselective methylation of a methyl acetal in the presence of a carbonyl group by treatment with Me2Zn/BF3·OEt2, v) highly diastereoselective dihydroxylation, and vi) ring expansion of a six-membered to a seven-membered ring ketone. The synthetic specimen inhibited MTX-induced Ca2+ influx with an IC50 value of 44 µM.
The New Science of Cities by Michael Batty: The Opinion of an Economist
Authors: Thisse Jacques-François
Published: September 2014

Cities are the cradle of a wide range of cultural, social, and technological innovations that are at the heart of modern economic growth and development. Half of humanity today lives in cities but, until the last two decades, economists have paid much less attention to cities than have other social scientists. By contrast, geographers have long studied the role of cities in human affairs. Michael Batty, a distinguished scholar in the field of human geography, has recently written The New Science of Cities, a synthesis of his work and of some other prominent urban geographers. A review of his book is the first objective of this essay. The second is to discuss and compare the tools and concepts developed by urban economists with those of urban geographers in the hope of triggering a fruitful debate between those two groups of social scientists. (JEL R10, R23, R30, R40, R58)
The Limits of Inference with Theory: A Review of Wolpin (2013)
Authors: Rust John
Published: September 2014

This essay reviews Kenneth I. Wolpin's (2013) monograph The Limits of Inference without Theory, which arose from lectures he presented at the Cowles Foundation in 2010 in honor of Tjalling Koopmans. While I readily agree with Wolpin's basic premise that empirical work that eschews the role of economic theory faces unnecessary self-imposed limits relative to empirical work that embraces and tries to test and improve economic theory, it is important to be aware that the use of economic theory is not a panacea. I point out that there are also serious limits to inference with theory: 1) there may be no truly “structural” (policy invariant) parameters, a key assumption underpinning the structural econometric approach that Wolpin and the Cowles Foundation have championed; 2) there is a curse of dimensionality that makes it very difficult for us to elucidate the detailed implications of economic theories, which is necessary to empirically implement and test these theories; 3) there is an identification problem that makes it impossible to decide between competing theories without imposing ad hoc auxiliary assumptions (such as parametric functional form assumptions); and 4) there is a problem of multiplicity and indeterminacy of equilibria that limits the predictive empirical content of many economic theories. I conclude that though these are very challenging problems, I agree with Wolpin and the Cowles Foundation that economists have far more to gain by trying to incorporate economic theory into empirical work and test and improve our theories than by rejecting theory and presuming that all interesting economic issues can be answered by well-designed controlled, randomized experiments and assuming that difficult questions of causality and evaluation of alternative hypothetical policies can be resolved by simply allowing the “data to speak for itself.” (JEL B41, C18)
Teamwork, support workers and conduct at work
Authors: Stonehouse David
Published: September 2014

This article examines the importance of teamwork within professional settings and what is meant by being in a team or group. It focuses in particular on how support workers may understand good teamwork within the context of local or national codes of conduct. It also discusses how teams develop and what roles individuals play within them. The leadership of teams is also addressed.