bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Options for Managing Severe Acetabular Bone Loss in Revision Hip Arthroplasty. a Systematic Review
Authors: Jain Sameer , Grogan Richard J. , Giannoudis Peter V.
Published: April 2014

Revision hip arthroplasty in the presence of severe acetabular bone loss is challenging and requires a solid understanding of current techniques. A literature search of multiple databases applying specific criteria revealed a total of 50 articles of level IV scientific evidence comprising 2415 patients (2480 hips) managed with reinforcement devices (roof-reinforcement rings and anti-protrusio cages), custom-made triflanged acetabular components (CTACs), jumbo cups and tantalum metal (TM) systems. Overall, patients had improved postoperative hip scores for each technique. The use of reinforcement devices resulted in a mean revision rate of 8.2% and a mean complication rate of 29.21%. CTACs were associated with a revision rate of 15.9% and had a complication rate of 24.5%. Jumbo cups were revised in 8.8% of patients and had a complication rate of 18.4%. TM systems had an overall revision rate of 8.5% with complications seen in 18.5% of patients. CTACs had considerably higher revision rates compared to the other techniques. Jumbo cups and TM systems had lower complication rates compared to the use of reinforcement devices and CTACs. The most frequently occurring complications seenthroughout the series were aseptic loosening, dislocation and infection.
Avulsion Fractures Involving the Straight and Reflected Heads of the Rectus Femoris
Authors: Uzun Metin , Alpan Buğra , Özger Harzem
Published: April 2014

Tumours and sport injuries can both affect active, young patients, and the symptoms of the two often overlap. Neglected avulsion injuries sometimes cause a mass to develop which can mimic a tumour. We discuss the diagnosis, treatment, and results following nine anterior inferior iliac spine (AISS) avulsion fractures.
How can we reconcile the following apparent truths: ‘Sherlock Holmes doesn’t exist’ and ‘Sherlock Holmes was created by Conan Doyle’?
Authors: Short Tim
Published: April 2014

I will argue that the two statements can be reconciled by Parsons's view which is inspired by a Meinongian ontology. I will assume these views together with Parsons's classification of fictional properties as ‘nuclear’ and ‘extra-nuclear’. This division of properties into types eliminates the requirement for the view to associate an object with a set of properties {goldenness, mountain-hood, existence} which is important as there is no existent golden mountain. I will throughout use italics for the names of properties and braces for sets. The titular question is a well-known problem for views of ficta since it appears that we believe both claims are true but they seem to be inconsistent. I understand 'ficta' to be any object or person described in fiction. I will argue that we can resolve the tension by adopting Parsons's view of ficta.
La relación bilateral chileno-boliviana a partir de las demandas tarapaqueñas : aproximación teórica desde la paradiplomacia como heterología
Authors: Ovando Santana Cristián , González Miranda Sergio
Published: April 2014

Este trabajo aborda las relaciones entre Chile y Bolivia desde 1904, año del Tratado de La Paz, y la década de 1960, cuando surge el conflicto por las aguas del río Lauca. Se analizan algunos hitos integracionistas emprendidos desde las regiones contiguas de Tarapacá-Arica y Oruro, donde se puede observar la tensión entre región y Estado nacional. El análisis se centra en el protagonismo de una pluralidad de actores políticos y sociales que promovieron y le demandaron al Estado central una mayor integración con Bolivia. Se sostiene que dichas demandas configuraron un proyecto político regional transfronterizo en el período señalado. Se pretende escudriñar en los alcances y limitaciones de una serie de prácticas regionales de alcance internacional, opacadas o silenciadas por la diplomacia oficial, interpretadas desde la perspectiva de la paradiplomacia como relación social o heterología.
El «NO» de Ricardo Lagos a la invasión de Irak en 2003: el proceso de toma de decisiones de politica exterior en Chile
Authors: Bywaters C. Cristóbal
Published: April 2014

El artículo analiza el proceso de toma de decisiones de política exterior que llevó a que Chile no apoyara la invasión estadounidense de Irak en 2003. La decisión fue tomada por el Presidente Ricardo Lagos más de un mes antes de ser comunicada a Estados Unidos y se basó en sus percepciones de que la guerra era inevitable y de que las pruebas de la existencia de armas de destrucción masiva eran inconsistentes. Estas percepciones se confirmaron mediante un razonamiento analógico comparando las exposiciones de Colin Powell y Adlai Stevenson en el Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas. La investigación se nutre de entrevistas y testimonios de algunos de los principales actores involucrados en el proceso decisorio.
Josephus, Antiquities 10.180–82, Jeremiah, and Nebuchadnezzar
Authors: Tyson Craig W.
Published: April 2014

Scholars have long pointed to Josephus, Ant. 10.180–182 as evidence that Nebuchadnezzar campaigned in the Levant in his twenty-third year (582 B.C.E.), but have not determined the viability of this passage as a historical source. Extant Greek sources do not provide the details visible in Josephus’ text and it is thus unlikely that they were his source. The details of the campaign are, however, available from Jeremiah or by inference from it. As such, the study argues that Ant. 10.180–182 is not an independent historical source of information for a campaign of Nebuchadnezzar in 582 B.C.E.
Creation in Collision? Isaiah 40–48 and Zoroastrianism, Babylonian Religion and Genesis 1
Authors: Dykesteen Nilsen Tina
Published: April 2014

Isaiah 40‒48 emphasizes that Yahweh is a unique creator-god. Did the author(s) arrive at this idea by adopting, adapting or refuting other texts and traditions, and, if so, which? This article offers fresh arguments and re-examines the potential relations between Isaiah 40‒48, Zoroastrianism, Babylonian religion and the creation account in Genesis 1.
Effect of Dexmedetomidine-Induced Sleep Balance Treatment on the Chronic Refractory Primary Insomnia Patients
Authors: Ma Guo-Zhong  , Wang Rong-Hu  , Li Fa-Guo  , Feng Zheng-Quan  , Jiang Xiao-Jiang  , Xu Zhi-Qiang  , Lang Ying  , Guo Heng-Jiang  , Liu Ya-Zheng  , Zhong Dai-Qu  , Chen Ni-Ka  , Li Xu-Jun
Published: April 2014

Aim:To pilot study the therapeutic effect of dexmedetomidine-induced sleep balance treatment (DISBT) on the chronic refractory primary insomnia patients.
Methods:Forty-two patients with chronic refractory primary insomnia were randomly divided into two groups by random number table. Patients in DISBT group were given DISBT for 3 days, while patients in the control group were given conventional treatment for 3 day. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the hyperarousal scale (HAS), and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) were evaluated and compared between the pre-treatment and post-1-week-treatment. Sleep architecture and electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum were also recorded and compared pre-treatment and post-treatment.
Results:The scores of PSQI and HAMA in both groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), DISBT group-reduced degree were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Sleep architecture of Stage 2 sleep proportion, EEG spectrum beta, and gamma relative power value in DISBT group were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), Stage 3 sleep proportion and delta relative power value were higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05); Sleep architecture of Stage 2 sleep proportion,beta, and gamma relative power value in control group were higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05); rapid eye movement sleep, Stage 3 sleep proportion, and delta relative power value were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). The total scores of the hyperarousal scale (HAS) in both groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), DISBT group-reduced degree were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05), the extreme score, introspectiveness score, react score of HAS in control group after treatment had no statistical significance compared to those before treatment (P > 0.05), the extreme score, introspectiveness score, react score of HAS in DISBT group after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:DISBT effectively reduced the insomnia patient cortex hyperarousal level, corrected disorder of sleep-awakening pathways and easedup insomnia symptom. It is an effective method for chronic refractory primary insomnia.
La victimisation, une norme dans la vie des jeunes au Québec ?
Authors: Cyr1 Katie , Clément Marie-Ève , Chamberland Claire
Published: April 2014

Cette étude documente différentes formes de victimisation vécues par les jeunes Québécois au cours de leur vie. Le Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ – questionnaire de victimisation juvénile) a été employé lors d’une enquête téléphonique aléatoire parmi les ménages québécois. L’échantillon comprend 1 400 adolescents âgés de 12 à 17 ans et 1 401 parents d’enfants de 2 à 11 ans ayant révélé les expériences de victimisation des jeunes. Les résultats démontrent que la majorité des jeunes (75 %) ont vécu au moins une forme de victimisation directe ou indirecte au cours de leur vie. Parmi les victimes, la majorité (71 %) ont vécu plus d’une forme de victimisation et plus d’un quart des jeunes de l’échantillon (27 %) ont subi au moins quatre types de victimisation distincts au cours de leur vie. Afin d’intervenir adéquatement auprès des jeunes victimisés de manière chronique et de répondre à leurs besoins multiples, les intervenants oeuvrant auprès des jeunes devraient s’enquérir de leur exposition possible à de multiples formes de victimisation. Il est essentiel de documenter l’évolution de la victimisation et de la polyvictimisation chez les jeunes de manière systématique afin de suivre l’évolution des tendances et l’impact des politiques publiques et des programmes d’intervention visant à lutter contre ce phénomène.
La polyvictimisation comme facteur de risque de revictimisation sexuelle12
Authors: Finkelhor3 David , Shattuck Anne , Turner Heather , Hamby Sherry
Published: April 2014

L’objectif était de tester l’hypothèse selon laquelle une exposition générale à la victimisation, ou victimisation multiple, expliquerait une conclusion de recherche fréquente : la victimisation sexuelle accroît le risque de victimisation sexuelle ultérieure. L’étude utilise les données de deux phases de la National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV), menées en 2008 et en 2010. La NatSCEV est une enquête téléphonique auprès d’un échantillon représentatif d’enfants des États-Unis dont les ménages ont été sélectionnés par une composition aléatoire des numéros de téléphone. La présente analyse porte sur les 1186 enfants qui ont participé aux deux phases et qui étaient âgés de 10 à 17 ans lors de la Phase 1. Le nombre total de victimisations à la Phase 1 constituait la meilleure variable prédictive de la victimisation sexuelle à la Phase 2. À la Phase 1, la victimisation sexuelle n’apportait aucune contribution indépendante lorsque d’autres victimisations non sexuelles étaient incluses dans la prédiction. Les recherches futures sur la prédiction de la victimisation sexuelle et sur la récidive de la victimisation sexuelle devront également inclure et contrôler un large éventail d’autres victimisations non sexuelles.
La violence communautaire : portrait des jeunes Québécois
Authors: Dubé1 Christine , Gagné Marie-Hélène , Clément Marie-Ève , Chamberland Claire , Cyr Katie
Published: April 2014

La violence chez les enfants et les adolescents est un sujet hautement préoccupant, notamment en raison des conséquences physiques et psychologiques qui y sont associées. La présente étude s’intéresse à la violence communautaire et vise à combler les lacunes des études antérieures portant sur ce phénomène. À partir d’une enquête populationnelle, elle a pour but de fournir un portrait statistique de la violence communautaire vécue par les enfants et les adolescents québécois âgés de 6 à 17 ans, tout en contribuant aux efforts d’opérationnalisation et de mesure de ce type de victimisation. Plus spécifiquement, cette étude explore la structure factorielle et la cohérence interne d’une mesure de violence communautaire dérivée du Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) (Hamby & Finkelhor, 2004), afin de mieux comprendre la structure sous-jacente aux variables de violence communautaire identifiées. Elle permet également de documenter la prévalence annuelle de diverses manifestations de violence communautaire selon l’âge et le genre des victimes.
Victimisation et polyvictimisation dans un échantillon d’adolescents espagnols patients ambulatoires123
Authors: Pereda4 Noemí , Abad Judit , Guilera Georgina
Published: April 2014

On observe dans plusieurs pays une forte prévalence des victimisations interpersonnelles chez les enfants et les adolescents. En Espagne, surtout parmi les groupes à risque, les études n’ont pas réussi à obtenir des profils complets de victimisation dans les échantillons provenant de la communauté. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de l’étude est de présenter des statistiques sur la portée, la nature et les tendances de la victimisation chez des adolescents espagnols patients ambulatoires. L’échantillon est composé de 148 adolescents en soins psychologiques. Un large éventail d’expériences de victimisation ont été évaluées en utilisant le Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Un pourcentage élevé de participants ont rapporté une certaine forme de victimisation interpersonnelle au cours de l’année précédente (84,5 %), la plus fréquente étant celle dles délits communs (62,8 %). Les filles présentent un pourcentage plus élevé de victimisation en ligne que les garçons (22,1 % et 7,5 %). De plus, la polyvictimisation a été observée chez une proportion importante d’adolescents (29 %). L’identification des polyvictimes en milieu clinique est une nécessité sociale car ces enfants et adolescents ont besoin d’interventions adaptées afin d’aider à prévenir de nouvelles expériences de victimisation et le développement de problèmes psychologiques.
Transmitted drug resistance to rilpivirine among antiretroviral‐naïve patients living with HIV from northern Poland
Authors: Parczewski Miłosz , Urbańska Anna , Maciejewska Katarzyna , Witak‐Jȩdra Magdalena , Leszczyszyn‐Pynka Magdalena
Published: April 2014

Introduction

Rilpivirine (RPV) is a second‐generation non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that was recently approved for the treatment of antiretroviral‐naïve individuals with HIV‐1 viral load of <100,000 copies/ml. As transmission of the drug resistance mutations to this NNRTI may affect treatment outcomes, the frequency of primary, RPV‐associated drug resistance mutations was assessed in this study.

Methods

For the study, 244 viral genome sequences from antiretroviral‐naïve individuals were obtained by bulk sequencing. RPV‐associated mutations were divided into RPV resistance mutations (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L) according to the International AIDS Society‐USA (IAS‐USA) mutation list and variants potentially affecting RPV susceptibility (L100I, K101H/T, E138S, V179F/D/G/T, G190A/E/S, F227L and M230V) based on the in vitro and in vivo data.

Results

IAS‐USA RPV drug resistance mutations were found in 5.3% sequences, with E138A and E138G being the most common (3.7 and 0.8%, respectively), followed by K101E (0.4%) and Y181C (0.4%), with no significant differences in the frequency between subtype B and non‐B clades. Mutations potentially reducing RPV susceptibility were found in 2.5% of sequences, and they included V179D (1.6%) and G190A (0.8%), with equal distribution among non‐B (n=2, 2.5%) and subtype B (n=4, 2.5%) clades. Clustering of RPV mutations was infrequent.

Conclusions

Prevalence of RPV‐associated drug resistance mutations was low in the analysed sample and did not vary across the subtypes. The frequency of variants with potential influence on RPV susceptibility was similar among non‐B variants if compared to B clades. Transmitted drug resistance to RPV is uncommon, which makes this a good option for the treatment of ARV‐naïve patients; however, genotype resistance testing should remain compulsory before starting an RPV‐based regimen.
Geochemical evidence for active tropical serpentinization in the Santa Elena Ophiolite, Costa Rica: An analog of a humid early Earth?
Authors: Sánchez‐Murillo Ricardo , Gazel Esteban , Schwarzenbach Esther M. , Crespo‐Medina Melitza , Schrenk Matthew O. , Boll Jan , Gill Ben C.
Published: April 2014

Serpentinization is a planetary process that has important consequences on geochemical cycles, supporting microbial activity through the formation of H2 and CH4 and having the potential to sequester atmospheric CO2. We present geochemical evidence of active serpentinization in the Santa Elena Ophiolite, Costa Rica which is sustained by peridotites with a degree of serpentinization less than 50% with no evidence of an internal heat source. Average spring water temperatures are 29.1°C. Two hyperalkaline spring systems were discovered, with a spring fluid pH up to 11.18. The fluids are characterized by low Mg (1.0–5.9 mg/L) and K (1.0–5.5 mg/L) and relative high Ca (29–167 mg/L), Na (16–27 mg/L), Cl (26–29 mg/L), hydroxide (41–63 mg/L), and carbonate (31–49 mg/L). Active CH4 (24.3% v/v) vents coupled with carbonate deposits (
;
) also provide evidence for active serpentinization and carbonation. Isotope ratios of the alkaline fluids (δ18O = −7.9‰, δ2H = −51.4‰) and groundwater (δ18O = −7.6‰; δ2H = −48.0‰) suggests that, during base flow recession, springs are fed by groundwater circulation. Methanogenic Archaea, which comprises a relatively high percentage of the 16S rRNA gene tag sequences, suggests that biological methanogenesis may play a significant role in the system. Santa Elena's extreme varying weather results in a scenario that could be of significant importance for (a) improving the knowledge of conditions on a humid early Earth or Mars that had periodic changes in water supply, (b) revealing new insights on serpentinizing solute transport, and (c) modeling hydrogeochemical responses as a function of recharge.
On the origin and evolution of electrical signals during frictional stick slip in sheared granular material
Authors: Leeman J. R. , Scuderi M. M. , Marone C. , Saffer D. M. , Shinbrot T.
Published: April 2014

Electromagnetic signals have been reported in association with geophysical phenomena including earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic events. Mechanisms that suggested to explain seismoelectrical signals include triboelectricity, piezoelectricity, streaming potentials, and the migration of electron holes, yet the origin of such phenomena remains poorly understood. We present results from laboratory experiments regarding the relationship between electrical and mechanical signals for frictional stick‐slip events in sheared soda‐lime glass bead layers. The results are interpreted in the context of lattice defect migration and granular force chain mechanics. During stick‐slip events, we observe two distinct behaviors delineated by the attainment of a frictional stick‐slip steady state. During initial shear loading, layers charge during stick‐slip events and the potential of the system rises. After steady state stick‐slip behavior is attained, the system begins to discharge. Coseismic signals are characterized by potential drops superimposed on a longer‐term trend. We suggest that the observed signal is a convolution of two effects: charging of the forcing blocks and signals associated with the stress state of the material. The long‐term charging of the blocks is accomplished by grain boundary movement during the initial establishment of force chain networks. Short‐term signals associated with stick‐slip events may originate from produced electron holes. Applied to tectonic faults, our results suggest that electrical signals generated during frictional failure may provide a way to monitor stress and the onset of earthquake rupture. Potential changes could produce detectable signals that may forecast the early stages of failure, providing a modest warning of the event.
Dynamics of the Mount Nyiragongo lava lake
Authors: Burgi P.‐Y. , Darrah T. H. , Tedesco D. , Eymold W. K.
Published: April 2014

The permanent and presently rising lava lake at Mount Nyiragongo constitutes a major potential geological hazard to the inhabitants of the Virunga volcanic region in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda. Based on two field campaigns in June 2010 and 2011, we estimate the lava lake level from the southeastern crater rim (~400 m diameter) and lava lake area (~46,550 m2), which constrains, respectively, the lava lake volume (~9 × 106 m3) and volume flow rate needed to keep the magma in a molten state (0.6 to 3.5 m3 s−1). A bidirectional magma flow model, which includes the characterization of the conduit diameter and funnel‐shaped lava lake geometry, is developed to constrain the amount of magma intruded/emplaced within the magmatic chamber and rift‐related structures that extend between Mount Nyiragongo's volcanic center and the city of Goma, DRC, since Mount Nyiragongo's last eruption (17 January 2002). Besides matching field data of the lava lake level covering the period 1977 to 2002, numerical solutions of the model indicate that by 2022, 20 years after the January 2002 eruption, between 300 and 1700 × 106 m3 (0.3 to 1.7 km3) of magma could have intruded/emplaced underneath the edifice, and the lava lake volume could exceed 15 × 106 m3.
Correlated Donor/Acceptor Crystal Orientation Controls Photocurrent Generation in All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Schubert Marcel , Collins Brian A. , Mangold Hannah , Howard Ian A. , Schindler Wolfram , Vandewal Koen , Roland Steffen , Behrends Jan , Kraffert Felix , Steyrleuthner Robert , Chen Zhihua , Fostiropoulos Konstantinos , Bittl Robert , Salleo Alberto , Facchetti Antonio , Laquai Frédéric , Ade Harald W. , Neher Dieter
Published: April 2014

New polymers with high electron mobilities have spurred research in organic solar cells using polymeric rather than fullerene acceptors due to their potential of increased diversity, stability, and scalability. However, all‐polymer solar cells have struggled to keep up with the steadily increasing power conversion efficiency of polymer:fullerene cells. The lack of knowledge about the dominant recombination process as well as the missing concluding picture on the role of the semi‐crystalline microstructure of conjugated polymers in the free charge carrier generation process impede a systematic optimization of all‐polymer solar cells. These issues are examined by combining structural and photo‐physical characterization on a series of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (donor) and P(NDI2OD‐T2) (acceptor) blend devices. These experiments reveal that geminate recombination is the major loss channel for photo‐excited charge carriers. Advanced X‐ray and electron‐based studies reveal the effect of chloronaphthalene co‐solvent in reducing domain size, altering domain purity, and reorienting the acceptor polymer crystals to be coincident with those of the donor. This reorientation correlates well with the increased photocurrent from these devices. Thus, efficient split‐up of geminate pairs at polymer/polymer interfaces may necessitate correlated donor/acceptor crystal orientation, which represents an additional requirement compared to the isotropic fullerene acceptors.
Surface Textured Polymer Fibers for Microfluidics
Authors: Yildirim Adem , Yunusa Muhammad , Ozturk Fahri Emre , Kanik Mehmet , Bayindir Mehmet
Published: April 2014

This article introduces surface textured polymer fibers as a new platform for the fabrication of affordable microfluidic devices. Fibers are produced tens of meters‐long at a time and comprise 20 continuous and ordered channels (equilateral triangle grooves with side lengths as small as 30 micrometers) on their surfaces. Extreme anisotropic spreading behavior due to capillary action along the grooves of fibers is observed after surface modification with polydopamine (PDA). These flexible fibers can be fixed on any surface—independent of its material and shape—to form three‐dimensional arrays, which spontaneously spread liquid on predefined paths without the need for external pumps or actuators. Surface textured fibers offer high‐throughput fabrication of complex open microfluidic channel geometries, which is challenging to achieve using current photolithography‐based techniques. Several microfluidic systems are designed and prepared on either planar or 3D surfaces to demonstrate outstanding capability of the fiber arrays in control of fluid flow in both vertical and lateral directions. Surface textured fibers are well suited to the fabrication of flexible, robust, lightweight, and affordable microfluidic devices, which expand the role of microfluidics in a scope of fields including drug discovery, medical diagnostics, and monitoring food and water quality.
Synthesis and spectroelectrochemistry of dithieno(3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d)pyrrole derivatives
Authors: Udum Yasemin Arslan , Yıldız Hüseyin Bekir , Azak Hacer , Sahin Elif , Talaz Oktay , Çırpan Ali , Toppare Levent
Published: April 2014

New π‐conjugated polymers containing dithieno(3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d)pyrrole (DTP) were successfully synthesized via electropolymerization. The effect of structural differences on the electrochemical and optoelectronic properties of the 4‐[4H‐dithieno(3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d)pyrrol‐4‐yl]aniline (DTP–aryl–NH2), 10‐[4H‐dithiyeno(3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d)pirol‐4‐il]dekan‐1‐amine (DTP–alkyl–NH2), and 1,10‐bis[4H‐dithieno(3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d)pyrrol‐4‐yl] decane (DTP–alkyl–DTP) were investigated. The corresponding polymers were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, NMR (1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Changes in the electronic nature of the functional groups led to variations in the electrochemical properties of the π‐conjugated systems. The electroactive polymer films revealed redox couples and exhibited electrochromic behavior. The replacement of the DTP–alkyl–DTP unit with DTP–aryl–NH2 and DTP–alkyl–NH2 resulted in a lower oxidation potential. Both the poly(10‐(4H‐Dithiyeno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pirol‐4‐il)dekan‐1‐amin) (poly(DTP–alkyl–NH2)) and poly(1,10‐bis(4H‐dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrol‐4‐yl) decane) (poly(DTP–alkyl–DTP)) films showed multicolor electrochromism and also fast switching times (<1 s) in the visible and near infrared regions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40701.
Preparation and characterizations of superparamagnetic iron oxide‐embedded poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) nanocarriers
Authors: Gupta Meher Kanta , Bajpai Jaya , Bajpai Anil Kumar
Published: April 2014

The present study aims at formulating a novel multifunctional biocompatible superparamagnetic nanoparticles carrier system with homogeneously dispersed magnetic material in solid polymer matrix of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA). The nanocomposites were designed by modified suspension polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate followed by in situ coprecipitation of iron oxide inside the nanoparticle matrix yielding magnetic PHEMA (mPHEMA) nanocomposites. The so prepared nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction technique, Raman spectroscopy, electron diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy confirming the presence of Fe3O4 inside the PHEMA nanoparticles. The magnetization studies of nanocomposites conducted at room temperature using vibrating sample magnetometer suggested for their superparamagnetic nature having saturation magnetization (Ms) of 20 emu/g at applied magnetic field of 5 kOe. Transmission electron microscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering/zeta potential measurements were also performed which revealed that size of mPHEMA nanocomposites was lying in the range of 60–300 nm having zeta potential of −93 mV. The nanocomposites showed no toxicity as revealed by cytotoxicity test performed on L‐929 fibroblast by extract method. The results indicated that the prepared superparamagnetic mPHEMA nanocomposites have enormous potential to provide a possible option for magnetically assisted targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40791.
Influence analysis in quantitative trait loci detection
Authors: Dou Xiaoling , Kuriki Satoshi , Maeno Akiteru , Takada Toyoyuki , Shiroishi Toshihiko
Published: April 2014

This paper presents systematic methods for the detection of influential individuals that affect the log odds (LOD) score curve. We derive general formulas of influence functions for profile likelihoods and introduce them into two standard quantitative trait locus detection methods—the interval mapping method and single marker analysis. Besides influence analysis on specific LOD scores, we also develop influence analysis methods on the shape of the LOD score curves. A simulation‐based method is proposed to assess the significance of the influence of the individuals. These methods are shown useful in the influence analysis of a real dataset of an experimental population from an F2mouse cross. By receiver operating characteristic analysis, we confirm that the proposed methods show better performance than existing diagnostics.
OODA of graph and tree‐structured data
Authors: Sienkiewicz Ela , Wang Haonan
Published: April 2014

This is a discussion of the paper: “Overview of object oriented data analysis” by J. Steve Marron and Andrés M. Alonso.
The Impact of Climate Change on the Pattern of Demand for Bottled Water and Non‐Alcoholic Beverages
Authors: Mirasgedis S. , Georgopoulou E. , Sarafidis Y. , Papagiannaki K. , Lalas D. P.
Published: April 2014

To date, the majority of the research literature on the impacts of climate change has addressed the negative aspect, i.e. the risks associated with a future permanent modification of climate. Potential opportunities have received much less attention and are rarely transformed into monetary values. Furthermore, manufacturing is one of the economic sectors where the influence of climate change remains practically unknown, although the economic performance of some industrial activities depends directly on climatic conditions – bottled water and non‐alcoholic beverages (i.e. soft drinks and fruit juices) are among these. This paper aims to explore the link between weather and product sales in these sectors, and estimate in quantitative terms the potential impact of future climate change on their revenues. Historic data were explored through statistical analysis and appropriate regression models were developed. Models were applied for the historic (1961–90) and future climate (2021–50) and the difference in sales forms the expected quantified impact of climate change. The results indicate that significant opportunities may arise for some sectors from modifications in climate, provided their production infrastructure can meet the expected demand and their management strategies can successfully adapt to altered climatic conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Government Engagement, Environmental Policy, and Environmental Performance: Evidence from the Most Polluting Chinese Listed Firms
Authors: Chang Li , Li Wenjing , Lu Xiaoyan
Published: April 2014

This study empirically examines the implementation of environmental policies and how government engagement impacts on a firm's environmental performance based on a sample of Chinese listed firms in the eight most polluting industries over a 10‐year period. The findings of the study demonstrate that government engagement, measured as ownership structure, is positively correlated with environmental performance, measured by environmental capital expenditure, for state‐owned firms, but no significant relation is found for non‐state‐owned firms. In addition, non‐state‐owned firms are more likely to perform better in terms of environmental investment after the 2006 enactment of a new policy explicitly linking environmental issues with political incentives to regional governments. This study also reports that corporate environmental performance impairs firm value for state‐owned firms but has no impact on firm value for non‐state‐owned firms, suggesting that investors negatively respond to environmental investments made by state‐owned firms as a result of government engagement/political pressure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Human prion diseases and the risk of their transmission during anatomical dissection
Authors: Bradford Barry M. , Piccardo Pedro , Ironside James W. , Mabbott Neil A.
Published: April 2014

Prion diseases (or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies) are a unique group of fatal progressive neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. The infectious agent is hypothesized to consist solely of a highly protease‐resistant misfolded isoform of the host prion protein. Prions display a remarkable degree of resistance to chemical and physical decontamination. Many common forms of decontamination or neutralization used in infection control are ineffective against prions, except chaotropic agents that specifically disrupt proteins. Human cadaveric prosection or dissection for the purposes of teaching and demonstration of human anatomy has a distinguished history and remains one of the fundamentals of medical education. Iatrogenic transmission of human prion diseases has been demonstrated from the inoculation or implantation of human tissues. Therefore, although the incidence of human prion diseases is rare, restrictions exist upon the use of tissues from patients reported with dementia, specifically the brain and other central nervous system material. A current concern is the potential for asymptomatic variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease transmission within the UK population. Therefore, despite the preventative measures, the transmission of prion disease through human tissues remains a potential risk to those working with these materials. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on human prion disease relevant to those working with human tissues in the context of anatomical dissection. Clin. Anat. 27:821–832, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Child Protection and Cross‐Sector Practice: An Analysis of Child Death Reviews to Inform Practice When Multiple Parental Risk Factors Are Present
Authors: Frederico Margarita , Jackson Annette , Dwyer Jenny
Published: April 2014

This paper draws upon the findings of an analysis of 16 child death reviews of children known to child protection services in Victoria, Australia. The purpose of the research was to assist in understanding the impact on children of the coexistence of the parental risk factors of mental health problems, family violence and substance abuse. The common coexistence of the three risk factors was identified by the Victorian Child Death Review Committee in its analysis of child death reviews conducted by the Office of the Child Safety Commissioner. The researchers analysed a group of review reports and interviewed and surveyed practitioners in a range of fields. Lessons from filicide research have been integrated into the findings identifying lessons for policy and practice, and the importance of multi‐service collaboration. A framework for understanding different elements of sharing knowledge is presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

understanding the impact on children of the coexistence of the parental risk factors of mental health problems, family violence and substance abuse

Key Practitioner Messages

Research on filicide and child death reviews can contribute to understanding risk to children and informing practice.

The need to pay increased attention when parental substance abuse, mental health problems and family violence coexist.

A gender analysis contributes to understanding families and informing systems responses.

A multi‐service collaborative framework can support sharing of knowledge when parental risk factors coexist.

A multi‐service collaborative framework can support sharing of knowledge when parental risk factors coexist
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Elastic, Electronic and Optical Properties of the Newly Synthesized Monoclinic Zintl Phase BaIn2P2.
Authors: Guechi N. , Bouhemadou A. , Khenata R. , Bin‐Omran S. , Chegaar M. , Al‐Douri Y. , Bourzami A.
Published: April 2014

Structural, elastic, electronic, and optical properties of BaIn2P2 are determined using a pseudopotential plane‐wave method in the framework of DFT within the generalized gradient approximation.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Li0.37Na0.63Fe(MoO4)2.
Authors: Souilem Amira , Zid Mohamed Faouzi , Driss Ahmed
Published: April 2014

The title compound is obtained by solid state reaction of Na2CO3, Li2CO3, Fe(NO3)3, and (NH4)2Mo4O13 (porcelain crucible, 1143 K, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: K9Y3[Si12O32]F2.
Authors: Kahlenberg Volker , Manninger Tanja
Published: April 2014

Twinned fragments of single crystals of the title compound are obtained from flux synthesis using a 4:1 SiO2/Y2O3 mixture and KF added in a 1:1 mass ratio (sealed Pt tube, 1373 K, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A New UV Nonlinear Optical Material CsZn2B3O7: ZnO4Tetrahedra Double the Efficiency of Second‐Harmonic Generation.
Authors: Zhao Sangen , Zhang Jia , Zhang Shu‐quan , Sun Zhihua , Lin Zheshuai , Wu Yicheng , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua
Published: April 2014

Polycrystalline CsZn2B3O7 is prepared by solid‐state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Cs2CO3, ZnO, and H3BO3 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoluminescence and Thermal Stability of Mn2+ Co‐Doped SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+ Green Phosphor Synthesized by Sol—Gel Method.
Authors: Liu Jiaqing , Wang Xiaojun , Xuan Tongtong , Li Huili , Sun Zhuo
Published: April 2014

Eu2+ and Mn2+ co‐doped SrSi2O2N2 phosphors are prepared via a sol‐gel method using HNO3 solutions of SrCO3 and Eu2O3, EtOH solutions of Mn(OAc)2 and Si(O‐Et)4 (TEOS), and α‐Si3N4 and citric acid at 80 °C followed by drying the resulting gel (200 °C, 4 h) and calcination under reducing atmosphere (1400 °C, 6 h, 5% H2/N2).
ChemInform Abstract: KMn3O2(Ge2O7): An S = 2 Magnetic Insulator Featuring Pillared Kagome Lattice.
Authors: Williams Matthew S. , West J. Palmer , Hwu Shiou‐Jyh
Published: April 2014

KMn3O2(Ge2O7) (I) and K0.35Rb0.65Mn3O2 (Ge2O7) (II) are prepared by high‐temperature flux‐growth methods from mixtures of KO2, Mn2O3, and GeO2 in the molar ratio of 2:3:4, and an excess of KCl or RbCl (silica tube, 800 °C, 3 d, 60% yield for (II)).
ChemInform Abstract: CePd2Sn3, CePd2Sn4, and Ce3Pd6Sn10 — Ternary Stannides of New Structure Types.
Authors: Tursina A. , Nesterenko S. , Kaczorowski D.
Published: April 2014

Single crystals of the new layered compounds CePd2Sn3 (I), CePd2Sn4 (II), and Ce3Pd6Sn10 (III) are obtained from stoichiometric melts of the elements and subsequent annealing (900—950 K, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Kroehnkite‐Type Na2Fe(SO4)2·2H2O as a Novel 3.25 V Insertion Compound for Na‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Barpanda Prabeer , Oyama Gosuke , Ling Chris D. , Yamada Atsuo
Published: April 2014

The title compound is prepared by drying an aqueous solution of Na2SO4, FeSO4, and an optional addition of ascorbic acid at 70—80 °C, followed by further drying of the obtained white powder at 70 °C for 1 h.
ChemInform Abstract: SrBeB2O5: Growth, Crystal Structure and Optical Properties.
Authors: Yao Wenjiao , Wang Xiaoshan , Huang Hongwei , Xu Tao , Jiang Xingxing , Wang Xiaoyang , Lin Zheshuai , Chen Chuangtian
Published: April 2014

SrBeB2O5 is prepared by repeated solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of SrCO3, BeO, and H3BO3 (muffle furnace, 1173 K, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Desulfonylation Reaction Through Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Yang Deng‐Tao , Meng Qing‐Yuan , Zhong Jian‐Ji , Xiang Ming , Liu Qiang , Wu Li‐Zhu
Published: April 2014

β‐Arylketosulfones are found to undergo efficient desulfonylation by blue LEDs light irradiation in the presence of iPr2NEt and the organic dye (EOY).
ChemInform Abstract: Free‐Radical Carbo‐Oximation of Olefins and Subsequent Radical‐Ionic Cascades.
Authors: Landais Yannick , Robert Frederic , Godineau Edouard , Huet Laurent , Likhite Nachiket
Published: April 2014

For the title reaction a one‐pot three component protocol using a broad scope of substituted terminal alkenes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Approach to 3‐Fluoroalkylated (E)‐Hex‐3‐ene‐1,5‐diyne Derivatives via an Addition—Elimination Reaction.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Kishi Misato , Ishihara Takashi , Yamada Shigeyuki
Published: April 2014

Five 1‐fluoroalkylated 1‐fluoroenyne compounds of type (III) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Convenient Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triiodoarenes via Consecutive Iodination/Diazotization/Iodination Strategy.
Authors: Al‐Zoubi Raed M. , Abul Futouh Hassan , McDonald Robert
Published: April 2014

A variety of triiodoarenes (III) and (IX) is synthesized by bis‐iodination of anilines followed by a Sandmeyer reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Diarylamine Synthesis by Intermolecular C—H Amination of Heteroarylarenes.
Authors: Tang Conghui , Yuan Yizhi , Cui Yuxin , Jiao Ning
Published: April 2014

It is a new and efficient method to prepare a wide range of diarylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Synthesis of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Halli Juliette , Manolikakes Georg
Published: April 2014

It is a new, simple, atom‐economic, and cost‐effective method to prepare a number of arylglycine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Squaramide‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Michael Addition of Masked Acyl Cyanides to Substituted Enones.
Authors: Yang Kin S. , Nibbs Antoinette E. , Tuerkmen Yunus E. , Rawal Viresh H.
Published: April 2014

The presented procedure is applicable to a broad scope of electronically and structural diverse enones, with good to high yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Combined Catalytic System of Scandium Triflate and Boronic Ester for Amide Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Kita Yusuke , Nishii Yuji , Onoue Akihiro , Mashima Kazushi
Published: April 2014

The combination of scandium triflate with a certain boronic ester enables the cleavage of amide bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of (2‐Bromo‐1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl)(phenyl)sulfane as Tetrafluoroethyl‐Radical and Tetrafluoroethylene‐Diradical Synthons for Addition to Alkenes.
Authors: Chernykh Yana , Beier Petr
Published: April 2014

The reaction of phenyl sulfane (I) with various alkenes in the presence of tributyltin hydride and triethylborane to yield bromine‐free products (III) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Deficient Alloxazinium Salts: Efficient Organocatalysts of Mild and Chemoselective Sulfoxidations with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Menova Petra , Dvorakova Hana , Eigner Vaclav , Ludvik Jiri , Cibulka Radek
Published: April 2014

A series of substituted alloxazinium perchlorates are prepared and tested as catalysts for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides with hydrogen peroxide.
ChemInform Abstract: An Active, General, and Long‐Lived Palladium Catalyst for Cross‐Couplings of Deactivated (Hetero)aryl Chlorides and Bromides with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Hoshi Takashi , Honma Tomonobu , Mori Ayako , Konishi Maki , Sato Tsutomu , Hagiwara Hisahiro , Suzuki Toshio
Published: April 2014

A ligand for the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction of a broad range of aryl halides and aryl boronic acids is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Icosahedral Gold—Platinum Alloy Nanocrystals in Hollow Silica: A Highly Active and Stable Catalyst for Ullmann Reactions.
Authors: Wu Xiaoli , Tan Longfei , Chen Dong , Meng Xianwei , Tang Fangqiong
Published: April 2014

The silica support of the catalyst and the presence of water as a co‐solvent are crucial for the high yield of the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(III) Triflate — A Catalyst for Greener Aromatic Alkylation Reactions.
Authors: Mack Ryan , Askins Grant , Lowry Jacob , Hurley Nathan , Reeves Perry C.
Published: April 2014

In(O‐Tf)3 immobilized in a water‐insoluble ionic liquid is shown to be a highly efficient catalyst for the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with benzyl and secondary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Wolff—Kishner Reductions in a Silicon Carbide Microreactor.
Authors: Newman Stephen G. , Gu Lei , Lesniak Christoph , Victor Georg , Meschke Frank , Abahmane Lahbib , Jensen Klavs F.
Published: April 2014

The reaction is performed in a novel silicon carbide microreactor.
ChemInform Abstract: An Eco‐Compatible Synthesis of Medicinally Important Novel Class of Trispiroheterocyclic Framework Using 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethanol as a Reusable Medium.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Singh Ruby , Joshi Jyoti , Kumari Sukhbeer
Published: April 2014

11 Trispirocompounds of type (IV) and (VI) are prepared and screened for their antifungal and antimycobacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Carboxylative Annulation to Construct Functionalized γ‐Lactones in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Li Jianxiao , Yang Shaorong , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: April 2014

21 Variously substituted examples of (IV) and (VI) are given.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxymethylbenzofuran
Authors: Luo Huan , Liu Yan‐Fei , Zhang Chun‐Lei , Wang Yan , Ni Gang , Yu De‐Quan
Published: April 2014

via intramolecular cyclization of butanones (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Black Rearrangement Catalyzed by Chiral Bicyclic Imidazole.
Authors: Wang Mingli , Zhang Zhenfeng , Liu Shan , Xie Fang , Zhang Wanbin
Published: April 2014

The reaction is sensitive to the steric influence of the substituent at the C3‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C3 Acylation of Benzofurans and Benzothiophenes with Aromatic Aldehydes by Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Zhao Jincan , Fang Hong , Xie Chen , Han Jianlin , Li Guigen , Pan Yi
Published: April 2014

The reaction tolerates a wide range of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes but fails with aliphatic octanal.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxidative Coupling Between Carbon Nucleophiles and Allylic Alcohols: A Strategy to Construct β‐(Hetero)aryl Ketones and Aldehydes Through Hydrogen Migration.
Authors: Huang Liangbin , Qi Ji , Wu Xia , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: April 2014

A simple and efficient protocol for the palladium catalyzed coupling of allylic alcohols and a broad scope of heteroarenes, arenes, and alkenyl nucleophiles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Michael Addition—Aromatization Reaction of Dienylimines Bearing a Leaving Group and Its Application to the Preparation of Thiol‐Selective Labeling Reagents Capable of Forming Strong Carbon—Sulfur Bonds.
Authors: Miyata Okiko , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

The fluorescence properties of the compounds (XVI), (XVII), and (XVIII) are investigated in CHCl3 and they show strong emission at about 500 nm.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Oxazoles via a Catalytic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of F3CSO3H·SiO2‐DDQ/CuCl2 /LiCl.
Authors: Yuan Shizhen , Li Zhen , Xu Ling
Published: April 2014

A variety of polysubstituted oxazoles (III) is efficiently obtained via cyclization of aldoximes (I) and phenylacetylene (II) followed by dehydrogenation oxidation using O2 as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Benzisothiazolone and Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives of Biological Interest Starting from Saccharin Sodium.
Authors: El‐Sabbagh Osama I.
Published: April 2014

A variety of title compounds is prepared starting from saccharin sodium and screened for their antiviral activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Facet‐Dependent Catalytic Activity of Cu2O Nanocrystals in the One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles by Multicomponent Click Reactions.
Authors: Chanda Kaushik , Rej Sourav , Huang Michael H.
Published: April 2014

The synthetic value of this method is demonstrated by preparation of rufinamide (XIII).