bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PS‐InSAR post‐processing for assessing the spatio‐temporal differential kinematics of complex landslide systems: A case study of DeBeque Canyon Landslide (Colorado, USA)
Authors: Zocchi Marta , Delchiaro Michele , Troiani Francesco , Scarascia Mugnozza Gabriele , Mazzanti Paolo
Published: October 2024

The complex superimposition of different kinematics and nested sectors within landslide systems amplifies the challenge of interpreting their heterogeneous displacement pattern and targeting effective mitigation solutions. As an example of such peculiar spatio‐temporal behaviour, the DeBeque Canyon Landslide (Colorado, USA) is emblematic of the application of interferometric post‐processing analysis for a detailed, remotely‐based investigation. We employed a multi‐geometry Persistent Scatterers (PS) InSAR dataset to provide continuous information on the spatio‐temporal scale and achieve a solid representation of the segmented kinematics and timings. Using an updated geomorphological map of the landslide system, we performed a two‐dimensional decomposition of the Persistent Scatterers (PS) dataset to determine the displacement orientation and inclination for each internal sector of the landslide system. We then conducted statistical analyses on the displacement vector characteristics and time series data. These analyses enabled us to spatially characterize the segmented activity patterns of the landslide system and identify abrupt changes in trends associated with preparatory and triggering factors. A clear differentiation of the rotational or translational kinematics within the landslide system was accomplished solely using surface displacement measures. Moreover, the application of a Bayesian model on the bi‐dimensional vector time series leads to the identification of significant differences in the deformational behaviour of each sector with respect to precipitation and temperature factors. Our approach represents a replicable method for local‐scale characterization and monitoring of landslides exhibiting complex spatio‐temporal displacement patterns and providing an effective, low‐cost solution for transportation agencies from a risk‐reduction perspective.
MiR‐149‐5p in Tfh Cell‐Derived Exosomes Promotes B Cell Proliferation and Maturation Through the Wnt3a/Axin2 Axis in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Cao Xue , Gao Xiaochen , Dong Yuhan , Liu Chengcheng , Li Xiaoming , Qi Wenwen , Yuan Fanyu , Li Chengzhilin , Zhao Xuening , Xia Ming
Published: October 2024

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most frequently observed diseases in otorhinolaryngology, a global issue that alters the quality of life of patients. Both B cells and follicular helper T cells (Tfhs) have important roles in allergic diseases. However, how Tfhs and B cells interact to modulate allergic rhinitis pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, two models of allergic rhinitis were examined, including the co‐culture of follicular helper T cells (Tfhs) isolated from mouse spleen with B cells. To further define the mechanism, exosomes from Tfh cells were isolated and added to B cells. Bulk RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis was used to compare exosomes derived from Tfhs cells in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis and exosomes derived from Tfhs cells in wild‐type mice. Among them, miR‐149‐5p was observed to be lowly expressed in the allergic rhinitis group, which was confirmed using qPCR. miR‐149‐5p mimics or inhibitors were utilised to overexpress or knock down miR‐149‐5p in Tfhs, which were then co‐cultured with B cells, demonstrating that miR‐149‐5p is negatively correlated with B cell proliferation and maturation. The function of WNT3A, a target gene of miR‐149‐5p, and the downstream effector AXIN2 on the proliferation and maturation of B cells were predicted and verified. We show that miR‐149‐5p packaged in Tfhs‐derived exosomes induces B cell proliferation and maturation through the WNT3A/AXIN2 axis. The discovery will contribute to new ideas for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Indian hidden tuber “Ram Kand Mool” (Maerua oblongifolia A. Rich): Cultivation, phytochemistry and potential applications—A comprehensive review
Authors: Singh Poornima , Singh Anurag
Published: October 2024

Ram Kand Mool (Maerua oblongifolia A. Rich) is a little tree or shrub. It grows easily from seed or cuttings and requires minimal care. The leaves and roots of Maerua oblongifolia A. Rich have most commonly been used for ages. This shrub has a mythological importance in Indian beliefs. Maerua oblongifolia A. Rich has many ethnobotanical uses. Maerua oblongifolia A. Rich contains various phytochemicals, including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. These phytochemicals have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Traditional medical practices use it to treat inflammation, pain, infections, skin diseases, and gastrointestinal concerns. Maerua oblongifolia A. Rich may be used in pharmaceutical, nutritional, and personal care products. It is useful in the kitchen, medical cabinet, and cosmetics sector. The information compiled indicates that Ram Kand Mool has enormous potential for utilization as a functional food and various other value‐added products. Pre‐treatments are needed to remove the anti‐nutritional factors present in it. This article describes the nutritional and medicinal benefits of Maerua oblongifolia A. Rich in detail. The information about the medicinal usage of Ram Kand Mool in traditional medical practices and nutritional benefits have been comprehensively compiled in this article.
Serpentinised Dunites of the Neoarchean Shimoga Greenstone Belt, Western Dharwar Craton, India: Insights on Ni‐PGE Mineralisation and Genesis
Authors: Dhanakumar Singh Th. , Manikyamba C. , Harshitha G. , Lingadevaru M. , Subramanyam K. S. V. , Pahari Arijit
Published: October 2024

Ultramafic rocks of the Archean greenstone belts worldwide are potential hosts for Cu‐Ni, precious metal deposits like platinum group elements (PGEs) and gold. This study highlights the geochemical evidence and genesis of Ni‐PGE mineralisation in the ultramafic rocks of Shimoga greenstone belt of the Western Dharwar Craton, India. Petrographically, the studied rocks are identified to be serpentinised dunites, while their geochemical signatures indicate komatiitic affinity. Presence of disseminated sulphides and pronounced serpentinisation in these rocks suggest a combination of Type II (disseminated sulphides) and Type IV (post‐magmatic alterations) komatiite‐related Ni–Cu‐PGE deposits. Chondritic Al2O3/TiO2 (9.65–16.38) ratios, superchondritic Gd/YbN (1.3–1.6), depleted high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs) (Zr, Hf), enrichment of LREE over HREE and negative Nb–Ta anomalies reflect the generation of parental melts from plume‐sourced Al‐depleted komatiites with significant crustal contamination during their emplacement. The major, trace element and PGE relationships (FeO vs. MgO, Cu vs. Pd, Ni/Cu vs. Pd/Ir) infer the origin of sulphur undersaturated primary melts through moderate to higher degrees of partial melting followed by crustal assimilation that led to PGE enrichment. These observations suggest their formation from melts derived from greater depths of the upper mantle (> 400 km) at high pressure (> 10 GPa), wherein, the mantle residue retained majorite garnet. The high Ni (avg. Ni = 6511 ppm) substantiated by high Kambalda ratio ([Ni:Cr] × [Cu:Zn] = 5.6), Ni/Cr ratios (> 1) with high concentration of PGEs (avg. ∑PGE = 3078 ppb) confirm the fertile/mineralised nature of the komatiitic source and potential Ni‐PGE mineralization in the ultramafic rocks of the Shimoga greenstone belt.
Optimising Neural Networks for Enhanced Fracture Density Prediction in Surrounding Rock of Coalbed Methane Reservoir
Authors: Men Xinyang , Chen Shida , Wu Heng , Zhang Bin , Zhang Yafei , Tao Shu
Published: October 2024

Fractures influence the mechanical strength of coal roof and floor, constraining the design of hydraulic fracturing for coalbed methane production. Currently, the predominant approach involves the integration of petrophysical logging with machine learning for fracture prediction. Nevertheless, challenges exist regarding the model's accuracy. In this study, we present a novel approach to predict fracture density. Our method optimises a back‐propagation (BP) neural network and utilises principal component analysis for feature extraction. We employ logging parameters (density, compensated neutron and acoustic time difference) obtained from Shouyang Block well SY‐1 and fracture density data from electrical imaging logging to construct the FVDC model's dataset. The BP neural network model is optimised using the Sparrow Search algorithm and Tent Chaotic Mapping. The results demonstrate a substantial enhancement over the BP neural network model, with reductions of 80.102% in mean absolute error, 94.182% in mean square error, 75.879% in root mean square error and 79.764% in mean absolute percentage error. When considering accuracy, the optimised model (97.098%) surpasses the support vector regression model (96.478%), the random forest model (94.404%) and the BP neural network model (85.657%). Scalability testing for the optimised model was conducted using data from well SY‐2, yielding a remarkable prediction accuracy of 96.775%. This performance exceeds that of the BP neural network (with an accuracy of 85.102%), as well as the random forest and support vector regression models (with accuracies of 91.234% and 90.384%, respectively). These results underscore the potential of well logging and machine learning in FVDC prediction.
Three‐dimensional view of microglia—amyloid plaque interactions
Authors: Gotkiewicz Maria , Capra Janne , Miettinen Pasi O. , Natunen Teemu , Tanila Heikki
Published: October 2024

Recent gene expression studies have revealed about 10 different states of microglia, some of which are characteristic for Alzheimer‐like amyloid plaque pathology. However, it is not presently known how these translate into morphological features that would reflect microglia interaction with amyloid plaques. With optimized conditions for confocal microscopy in amyloid plaque forming APP/PS1 transgenic mice we reveal new details of how microglia processes interact with amyloid plaques. The microglia contacts differed drastically between purely diffuse plaque and those with a fibrillar core. We identified microglia that extend their enlarged processes through the diffuse shell of the amyloid plaques and cover the fibrillar plaque core with snowplow‐like expanded end‐feet. These end‐feet were filled with the lysosomal marker CD68, while both non‐fibrillar and fibrillar amyloid was found in perinuclear vesicles of some “snowplower” microglia. In the organized dense‐core plaques, we consistently saw a layer of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) between the fibrillar core and the microglial end‐feet. ApoE covered also loose fibrillar amyloid and diffuse amyloid plaques that were about 10 μm or larger in diameter. These findings are compatible with both amyloid plaque phagocytosis and compaction by microglia. Further, they support a chemotactic role of ApoE for microglia contacts with amyloid plaques.
Climate Change and Entrepreneurship: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Karadayı Talha , Yazıcı Selim , Akdemir Ömür Gökçe
Published: October 2024

As climate change risks intensify, the role of entrepreneurial activities in addressing these challenges and promoting sustainable development becomes increasingly vital. Through a systematic literature review using a bibliometric analysis of 387 studies from Scopus up to December 31, 2023, this study focuses on the intersection of entrepreneurship and climate change. It contributes to academic understanding by offering insights into current trends for entrepreneurs, researchers, and policymakers. Our analysis examines publication trends, leading authors, countries/regions, and common themes to elucidate research efforts on entrepreneurial activities in the context of climate change. Contrary to typical trends in the geographical distribution, the study identifies a significant increase in contributions from developing countries such as China, India, and the Russian Federation. Furthermore, when evaluating entrepreneurship in the context of climate change, we observe a prominence of innovation and sustainability‐focused approaches. The primary finding of the study is the literature's attribution of significant responsibility to entrepreneurship in combating climate change and its consideration of entrepreneurship as a prerequisite for sustainable approaches. By demonstrating a sustainable attitude, entrepreneurs can contribute to the fight against climate change across various domains, ranging from policy to social life, and from collective efforts in the economy to individual endeavors.
Rapid Whole‐Organ Characterization via Quantitative Light‐Sheet Microscopy
Authors: Chen Lingmei , Su Yijun , Qian Shuhao , Zhou Lingxi , Han Tao , Wang Chuncheng , Jiang Rushan , Ding Zhihua , Guo Min , Liu Zhiyi
Published: October 2024

Whole‐organ imaging and characterization at a submicron level provide abundant information on development and diseases while remaining a big challenge, especially in the context of time load. Herein, a quantitative light‐sheet microscopy platform that enabled highly time‐efficient assessments of fibrous structures within the intact cleared tissue is developed. Dual‐view inverted selective plane illumination microscopy (diSPIM), followed by improved registration and deconvolution, led to submicron isotropic imaging of mouse upper genital tract with one hundred‐fold speed‐ups than previous efforts. Further, optical metrics quantifying 3D local density and structural complexity of targets based on parallel and vectorized convolution in both spatial and frequency domains are developed. Collectively, ≈400–2000 fold increases in time efficiency counting for imaging, postprocessing, and quantitative characterization compared to the traditional method is gained. Using this platform, automatic identification of medulla and cortex within the mouse ovary at over 90% overlap with manual selection by anatomy experts is achieved. Additionally, heterogeneous distributions of immune cells in the mouse ovary and fallopian tube, offering a unique perspective for understanding the immune microenvironment are discovered. This work paves the way for future whole‐organ study, and exhibits potential with promise for offering mechanistic insights into physiological and pathological alterations of biological tissues.
Existence and regularity of strict solutions for a class of fractional evolution equations
Authors: Wu Guang Meng , He Jia Wei
Published: October 2024

We study the existence and Hölder regularity of solutions for fractional evolution equations of order . By means of an analytic resolvent, we construct an interpolation space, which can effectively lower the regularity of initial data. By virtue of the interpolation space and some properties of the analytic resolvent, we derive the existence and Hölder regularity of strict solutions for an inhomogeneous problem, as well as the existence and Hölder regularity of a nonlinear problem.
Macromolecular Function Emerging from Intramolecular Peptide Stapling of Synthetic Polymers
Authors: Kalmer Henrik , Sbordone Federica , McMurtrie John , Nitsche Christoph , Frisch Hendrik
Published: October 2024

Protein function results from the precise folding of polypeptides into bespoke architectures. Taking inspiration from nature, the field of single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs), intramolecularly crosslinked synthetic polymers, emerged. In contrast to nature, the function of SCNPs is generally defined by the parent polymer or the applied crosslinker, rather than by the crosslinking process itself. This work explores the cyanopyridine–aminothiol click reaction to crosslink peptide‐decorated polymers intra‐macromolecularly to endow the resulting SCNPs with emerging functionality, resulting from the conversion of N‐terminal cysteine units into pyridine‐thiazolines. Dimethylacrylamide based polymers with different cysteine‐terminated amino acid sequences tethered to their sidechains are investigated (P1 (C), P2 (GDHC), P3 (GDSC)) and intramolecularly crosslinked into SCNPs. Since the deprotection of the parent polymers yields disulfide‐based SCNPs, a direct comparison between disulfide and pyridine‐thiazolines crosslinked SCNPs is possible. This comparison revealed two emerging properties of the pyridine‐thiazoline crosslinked SCNPs: 1) The formation of pyridine‐thiazolines gave rise to metal binding sites within the SCNP, which complexed iron. 2) Depending on the peptide sequence in the precursor polymer, the hydrolytic activity of the peptide sequences is either increased (GDHC) or decreased (GDSC) upon pyridine‐thiazoline formation compared to identical SCNPs based on disulfide crosslinks.
In situ digital image correlation study on the mechanical properties of GH4169 at different temperatures
Authors: Wu X. Y. , Zhu J. , Liu J. W. , Wang S. Y. , Hou X. H. , Jiang X. , Lang F. C. , Xing Y. M.
Published: October 2024

GH4169 is a precipitation‐strengthened nickel‐based high‐temperature alloy, and its mechanical behavior at different temperatures is of significant importance for practical applications. Here, an in situ study on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of the GH4169 alloy at different temperatures was conducted using scanning electron microscopy in combination with digital image correlation. The results demonstrate the existence of a linear relationship between the local average strain and the macroscopic strain. At temperatures of 20 °C, 100 °C, 180 °C, and 260 °C, the local average strain is 1.96, 2.13, 2.26, and 2.30 times the macroscopic strain, respectively, which shows a clear trend. This indicates that the temperature has a significant influence on the plasticity of the alloy. Additionally, the strain is concentrated below the notch, whereby at a macroscopic strain of 1.7 % at 20 °C and 260 °C, the local maximum strain at the notch is 52 % and 83 %, respectively. Furthermore, when the macroscopic strain reaches 2.12 %, the local maximum strain at the notch is 72 % and 103 %, respectively. At this point, cracks start to initiate and gradually propagate. In situ observations show that at the beginning of the tensile plasticity stage, the plastic strain rate in the grains is twice the rate at the grain boundaries; subsequently, both rates tend to stabilize, and a high‐strain zone appears inside the grains and is coordinately transferred to the surrounding grains through the grain boundaries. The final stage of damage of the alloy consists of perforation fracture, and the presence of a large number of cracked carbides at the fracture results in specimen cracking.
Evaluating storage conditions on the effect of peroxide content in acrylonitrile
Authors: Li X. , Zhang S. , Liu T. , Li H. , Sui X.
Published: October 2024

The content of peroxide in acrylonitrile is critical for the production of polyacrylonitrile‐based carbon fibers. Peroxide‐free acrylonitrile is used as a blank solution for testing the peroxide content of acrylonitrile, which storage conditions are important to the test. Of course, for the change of peroxide content in acrylonitrile stored for a period of time has an effect on the production of carbon fiber. In order to study the effect of storage conditions on peroxide in peroxide‐free acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile, the changes at refrigerator and room temperature were studied, respectively. Studies have shown that storage at temperatures below 20 °C for 3 months hardly affect the use of either peroxide‐free acrylonitrile or acrylonitrile. The experimental results obtained are useful for practical production and testing, which can improve the accuracy of testing and stability of production.
Influence of mixed particle sizes on shear yield stress of magnetorheological fluid
Authors: Liu X. H. , Zhou W. T. , Yan P. P. , Fu Z. M. , Wu Y. , He X. Y. , Li F.
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the effect of magnetic particle size and volume fraction on the shear yield stress and dynamic viscosity of magnetorheological fluids. Magnetorheological fluids with varying volume fractions of micro‐ and nanoscale magnetic particles were prepared. A plate‐on‐plate shear test bench was constructed to evaluate the fluids under a constant shear rate, with the applied current ranging from 0 A to 1.2 A. Results indicated that the shear yield stress initially increased and then decreased as the volume fraction of magnetic nanoparticles increased, reaching a maximum of 47 kPa at a volume fraction of 7 %. However, the excessive addition of magnetic particles or large‐diameter particles led to settling and reduced stability of the fluids. The findings suggest that optimizing the size and volume fraction of magnetic particles is crucial for maximizing the shear yield stress of magnetorheological fluids.
Shifting spawning phenology in Hudson River American Shad
Authors: Chang Hsiao-Yun , Chen Yong
Published: October 2024

Objective

The objectives of this study were to investigate potential shift in the phenology of spawning for the Hudson River American Shad Alosa sapidissima and to identify factors contributing to the decline of the Hudson River shad population.

Methods

This study utilized American Shad eggs collected from the Long River Ichthyoplankton Survey. Logistic models were employed to estimate spawning phenology metrics, including the onset, peak, cessation, and duration of the spawning season. Additionally, we investigated the effects of biotic and abiotic variables on spawning timing.

Result

This study suggests that temporal changes in the spawning onset exhibited high variation and were not significant. However, a significantly delayed spawning peak and cessation, along with an extended spawning season, were observed. Additionally, the findings of this study revealed a correlation between the timing of spawning onset and water temperature, indicating that a 1°C increase in water temperature was associated with a 3.66-day earlier initiation of spawning. Smaller female spawner size was associated with delayed peak and cessation of the spawning season. With a 1-cm decrease in the average female spawner size, the peak of the spawning season was delayed by 1.79 days and the cessation of the spawning season was delayed by 2.87 days.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that water temperature may be a crucial trigger for initiating spawning in Hudson River American Shad, with higher water temperatures associated with earlier spawning onset. Moreover, the findings indicate that the timing of spawning peaks and cessations has been progressively delayed over time, and this is linked to the size of female spawners.
Spectrum and Evolution of Movement Disorder Phenomenology in a Pediatric Powassan Encephalitis Case Series
Authors: Yang Kathryn , Lindsay Rebecca , Quiroz Vicente , Srouji Rasha , Ebrahimi‐Fakhari Darius
Published: October 2024

Background

The Powassan virus is a rare neurotropic, tick‐borne arbovirus associated with meningoencephalitis. Despite the virus's known predilection for the basal ganglia, there are no reports detailing the spectrum of movement disorders in children with Powassan meningoencephalitis.

Cases

We present 3 cases of pediatric Powassan encephalitis, highlighting the diverse and evolving movement disorders associated with this disease. We observed subcortical myoclonus and progressive generalized dystonia (patient 1), transient dyskinesias and refractory focal dystonia (patient 2), and generalized dystonia evolving into chorea and lingual dyskinesias (patient 3). One patient exhibited multifocal vasculitis on magnetic resonance imaging angiography, a novel finding.

Conclusions

Movement disorders were a primary source of the morbidity experienced by pediatric Powassan encephalitis patients throughout their disease course, underscoring the importance of regular monitoring and adaptable treatment strategies in this condition. Larger, prospective studies are necessary to fully delineate the spectrum of associated movement disorders in this rare and severe disease.
Predictors of Pain Management Outcomes Following Orthopaedic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rucinski Kylee , Crecelius Cory , Cook James L. , Carpenter Ryan
Published: October 2024

Background

Up to 80% of patients in the United States report dissatisfaction with pain management following orthopaedic surgery. Inadequate pain management is linked to negative outcomes, including increased costs, readmission rates, and chronic pain risk. Traditional pain management protocols often emphasise the biological components of pain, overlooking psychological and social. This systematic review addresses this gap by answering two key questions: (1) What factors are associated with increased risk of unsatisfactory pain management following orthopaedic surgery? (2) What are the key components of successful pain management protocols following orthopaedic surgery?

Methods

PRISMA guidelines were followed with a search of relevant online databases. Studies were included if they were in English, provided patient feedback/satisfaction with pain management (quantitative studies) or provided satisfaction with pain management or healthcare team feedback (qualitative studies) or explored patient variables associated with satisfaction with pain management.

Results

Of the 845 articles screened, 27 met the inclusion criteria. Synthesis suggested that while perceived severity and duration of pain are often assumed to be the primary drivers of patient satisfaction related to pain management, patients with a sense of control over their pain reported higher satisfaction, regardless of actual pain level. History of opioid misuse, patient expectations, and patient mental health were associated with dissatisfaction.

Conclusion

Pre‐operative education and ongoing communication, particularly regarding patient risk‐factors and multi‐modal pain management strategies, appear to enhance patients' sense of control and satisfaction. Future research should explore whether individualised pre‐operative education can improve satisfaction with post‐surgical orthopaedic pain management.
Complex High‐Cyclic Loading in an Accumulation Model for Sand
Authors: Staubach Patrick , Knittel Lukas , Wichtmann Torsten
Published: October 2024

Experimental evidence indicates that multidimensional cyclic loading of soils causes larger accumulation of deformations than equivalent one‐dimensional loading. The response of sand to high‐cyclic loading with 10,000 cycles and up to four‐dimensional stress paths (i.e., four independent oscillating components) is examined in 120 triaxial and hollow cylinder tests in this work to extend these findings. With increasing number of oscillating stress components, the accumulation of permanent strains tends to increase. It is demonstrated that the definition of the multidimensional strain amplitude incorporated in the high‐cycle accumulation (HCA) model can account for this. The validation of the HCA model for complex cyclic loading is complemented by the simulation of model tests on monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines subjected to multidirectional cyclic loading, for which the consideration of spatially variable cyclic loading with nonconstant load amplitudes in the HCA model is discussed. For this purpose, an extension of the HCA model considering multiple strain amplitudes is presented.
Fractional Viscoelastic Analysis of Transversely Isotropic Surrounding Rock Along Shallow Buried Elliptical Tunnel
Authors: Ai Zhi Yong , Pan Yi Xuan , Ye Zi Kun , Wang Da Shan
Published: October 2024

This study introduces the fractional order Merchant model to analytically solve the stress and displacement fields of the transversely isotropic viscoelastic surrounding rock along shallow elliptical tunnels. First, the stress and displacement solutions of fractional order viscoelastic and transversely isotropic half planes under arbitrary loads are obtained using the Laplace transform and the elastic‐viscoelastic correspondence principle. Second, based on the above half plane solution and the solution of the deep buried elliptical tunnel problem, the Schwarz alternating method is introduced to obtain the analytical solution of the shallow buried elliptical tunnel. A MATLAB program is developed, and the accuracy of the theory and program in this study is verified by comparing it with the results of ABAQUS. Finally, the effects of transversely isotropic parameters, tunnel burial depth, and viscoelastic parameters on the stress and displacement of tunnel surrounding rock are analyzed.
Bortezomib (BOR)‐Pegylated‐Gold Nanovector: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Evaluation and Diagnostic Tool as Galectin‐1 Biomarker
Authors: Khan Memona , Moutaoukil Myriam El , Boucetta Abdelkader , Spadavecchia Jolanda
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we applied an original chemical methodology in which gold salt (HAuCl4) interacts with the chemotherapeutic drug (bortezomib; i.e., BOR) by chelation and then stacked with dicarboxylic acid‐terminated polyethylene‐glycol (PEG‐diacide) as a biocompatible surfactant. The suggested chemical protocol is rapid (“one‐pot”) and reproducible, providing the formation of a hybrid‐nanovector named BOR IN PEG‐AuNPs. In order to prove a therapeutic approach, our hybrid‐nanovector (BOR IN PEG‐AuNPs) interacts with Galectin‐1 (Gal‐1) protein biomarker under specific concentrations. The efficient concentration range of this nanovector is obviously profiled by tumor microenvironment (TME) heterogeneity, optimizing cells access to the interaction region. Considering several influential factors related to spatial mapping and physical profile in all extracellular matrix (ECM), drive a change in neighborhood electrical potential configuration, leading the nanovector response with biomarkers transcriptions, hence, patterning TME leads to promote antitumor immunity in favor of tumor suppression. Each step of chemical synthesis and detection was monitored by spectroscopic techniques (Raman; UV‐Vis spectroscopies) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our study demonstrated that hybrid‐nanoparticle system represents a key to further synergic chemotherapeutic and diagnostic tools for the treatment of cancer.
Economic, Environmental, and Social Value of Virtual Care in Otolaryngology: Sustainability in Quality Improvement Framework
Authors: Paczkowski Freeman , Gandhi Karan , Dzioba Agnieszka , MacNeil Danielle S. , Parnes Lorne , Davey Gabriele , Taylor Nerissa , Strychowsky Julie E.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Apply the Sustainability in Quality Improvement framework to virtual care for Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) patients to understand the economic, environmental, and social impacts.

Methods

This project consisted of retrospective analysis of anonymized data from all appointments that took place in three academic ambulatory OHNS clinics (pediatrics, head and neck, and otology/neurotology) from fiscal years of 2021 to 2023. Data were obtained from our institution's Virtual Care Dashboard. The following metrics were calculated: travel costs avoided with virtual appointments (economic value), fuel and carbon emissions avoided with virtual appointments (environmental value), and differences in Ontario Marginalization (ON‐Marg) Index scores between patients seen virtually versus in‐person (social value).

Results

A total of 41,343 visits occurred over the 2‐year period (18.1% virtual). Nearly all virtual visits were by telephone (99.6%). The average cost savings per virtual care visit was $87.50, and total cost savings across all 3 clinics was $640,300. Total environmental savings were 82,500 L of fuel and 246.6 metric tons of carbon emissions. There were no statistical differences in monthly average marginalization (ON‐Marg) indices in patients seen virtually compared to in‐person.

Discussion

Virtual care demonstrated financial and environmental savings for OHNS patients that can accumulate over multiple appointments. No difference in ON‐Marg indices between patients assessed virtually versus in‐person suggests that virtual care was accessible for patients regardless of social background.

Implications for Practice

Our data suggests that virtual care may be a viable complement for delivering OHNS care that leads to fiscal and environmental savings for patients and ensures equitable access to care.
Nanoparticle Clustering in Supraparticles to Control Magnetic Long‐Range Interactions
Authors: Wolf Andreas , Zhou Huanhuan , Groppe Philipp , Stiegler Lisa M. S. , Kämäräinen Tero , Peukert Wolfgang , Walter Johannes , Wintzheimer Susanne , Mandel Karl
Published: October 2024

To tailor superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to the specific needs of diverse application fields, it is essential to understand not only their intrinsic properties but also their interactions with each other. Theoretical models predicting/explaining the magnetization behavior of macroscopic samples containing millions of SPIONs are intricate due to the complexity of the underlying relaxation mechanisms in alternating fields. This study introduces supraparticles (SPs) as model architectures to empirically investigate magnetic interactions within and between large SPION clusters (>100 nanoparticles (NPs)). For this purpose, NP dispersions containing SPIONs and silica (SiO2)NPs as non‐magnetic building blocks are spray‐dried to form binary SPs. Selective salt‐induced agglomeration of the two building block types before spray‐drying is utilized to tailor SP architectures, including control over SPION cluster size, shape, and proximity. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS), operating under ambient conditions, reveals altered magnetization behavior for different cluster structures. Not only the nearest SPION neighbors, but the whole cluster structure up to several micrometers is decisive for the magnetization behavior. This highlights the importance of long‐range magnetic interactions. This work presents a versatile approach for designing model architectures to advance empirical interaction studies between SPIONs in macroscopic samples.
Tuning of Oxygen Vacancies in Co3O4 Electrocatalyst for Effectiveness in Urea Oxidation and Water Splitting
Authors: Mannu Pandian , Dharman Ranjith Kumar , Nga Ta Thi Thuy , Mariappan Athibala , Shao Yu‐Cheng , Ishii Hirofumi , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Kandasami Asokan , Oh Tae Hwan , Chou Wu‐Ching , Chen Chi‐Liang , Chen Jeng‐Lung , Dong Chung‐Li
Published: October 2024

The development of an excellent multifunctional electrocatalyst that is based on non‐precious metal is critical for improving the electrochemical processes of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) in alkaline media. This study demonstrates that incorporating Mo into Co3O4 facilitated the formation of rich oxygen vacancies (Vo), which promotes effective nitrate adsorption and activation in urea electrolysis. Subsequently, in situ/operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy is used to explore the active sites in Mo‐Co3O4‐3 under OER, indicating the oxygen vacancies are first filled with OH• in Mo‐Co3O4; facilitated the pre‐oxidation of low‐valence Co, and promoted the reconstruction/deprotonation of intermediate Co‐OOH•. Mo‐Co3O4‐3 electrocatalysts show impressive HER, OER, and UOR with low overpotentials of 141 mV, 220 mV, and 1.32 V, respectively, at 10 mA cm−2 in an alkaline medium. Furthermore, in situ/Operando Raman spectroscopy results reveal the importance of CoOOH active sites for enhanced electrochemical performance in Mo‐Co3O4‐3 compared to the pure Co3O4. The urea electrolyzer with Mo‐Co3O4 electrocatalysts acts as an anode and the cathode delivers 1.42 V at 10 mA cm−2. A viable approach to creating effective UOR electrocatalysts involves synergistic engineering exploiting doping and oxygen vacancies.
Delocalization State‐Stabilized Znδ+ Active Sites for Highly Selective and Durable CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Liu Qian‐Wen , He Bing‐Ling , Zheng De‐Sheng , Zhou Xue‐Qin , Zhang Xin , Huang Jian‐Mei , Wang Yu , Lai Wen‐Chuan , Gu Zhi‐Yuan
Published: October 2024

Zinc (Zn)‐based materials are cost‐effective and promising single‐metal catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to CO but is still challenged by low selectivity and long‐term stability. Undercoordinated Zn (Znδ+) sites have been demonstrated to be powerful active centers with appropriate *COOH affinity for efficient CO production However, electrochemical reduction conditions generally cause the inevitable reduction of Znδ+, resulting in the decline of CO efficiency over prolonged operation. Herein, a Zn cyanamide (ZnNCN) catalyst is constructed for highly selective and durable CO2 electroreduction, wherein the delocalized Zn d‐electrons and resonant structure of cyanamide ligand prevent the self‐reduction of ZnNCN and maintain Znδ+ sites under cathodic conditions. The mechanism studies based on density functional theory and operando spectroscopies indicate that delocalized Znδ+ site can stabilize the key *COOH intermediate through hard–soft acid–base theory, therefore thermodynamically promoting CO2‐to‐CO conversion. Consequently, ZnNCN delivers a CO Faradaic efficiency (FE) of up to 93.9% and further exhibits a remarkable stability lifespan of 96 h, representing a significant advancement in developing robust Zn‐based electrocatalysts. Beyond expanding the variety of CO2 reduction catalysts, this work also offers insights into understanding the structure‐function sensitivity and controlling dynamic active sites.
Advanced Vitrimer with Spiropyran Beads: A Multi‐Responsive, Shape Memory, Self‐Healing, and Reprocessable Smart Material
Authors: Song Seunghyeon , Jang Han Gyeol , Lee Jae Hoon , Jung Yong Chae , Lee Doh C. , Kim Sung‐Kon , Kim Jaewoo , Choi Yong‐Seok
Published: October 2024

Thermosetting materials have limitations in terms of reshaping and recycling due to their irreversible bond structures, leading to significant plastic waste issues. Recently, epoxy vitrimers based on dynamic covalent bond exchange have been introduced as promising alternatives to traditional thermosets. Particularly, they demonstrate significant potential applications in the field of multi‐responsive materials. In this research, a self‐healable and mechano‐responsive vitrimer (EB‐V) is successfully prepared, incorporating epoxide spiropyran beads (ESP beads) derived from citric acid and epoxy derivatives. To enable self‐reporting of cracks through color changes, ESP beads are covalently bonded to the vitrimer via an epoxy‐carboxylic acid reaction. The photochromic properties of EB‐V are demonstrated by color and fluorescence changes, and its tensile strength increased from 2.0 to 6.8 MPa compared to the control sample. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed the covalent exchange reaction of the vitrimer, revealing its reconfigurable behavior and stress relaxation at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, EB‐V exhibited exceptional properties, including self‐healing and reprocessability. As a smart material, it holds great promise for a wide range of applications, such as sensors, actuators, 4D printing, and industrial safety diagnostics.
High‐Fidelity Supramolecular Chirality Transportation Enabled Through Chalcogen Bonding
Authors: Wang Zhuoer , Hao Aiyou , Xing Pengyao
Published: October 2024

The formation of asymmetric microenvironments in proteins benefits from precise transportation of chirality across multiple levels through weak bonds in the folding and assembly process, which inspires the rational design and fabrication of artificial chiral materials. Herein, the chalcogen bonding‐directed precise transportation of supramolecular chirality toward multiple levels is reported to aid the fabrication of chiroptical materials. Benzochalcogenadiazole (O, S, Se) motifs are conjugated to amino acid residues, and the solid‐state assemblies afforded selective supramolecular chirality with handedness depending on the kinds of chalcogen atoms and amino acids. The chalcogen‐N sequence assisted by hydrogen bonding synergistically allows for the complexation with pyrene conjugated aryl carboxylic acids to give macroscopic helical structures with active circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence, of which handedness is precisely determined by the pristine chiral species. Then the further application of chiral benzochalcogenadiazole motifs as seeds in directing handedness of benzamide via symmetry breaking is realized. Behaving as the dopants, embedding into the matrix of benzophenone induces the room temperature phosphorescence, whereby the thermal chiroptical switch is fabricated with color‐tunable phosphorescent circularly polarized luminescence. This work utilized benzochalcogenadiazole‐based chiral building units to accomplish precise transportation of supramolecular chirality in coassemblies with high‐fidelity, achieving flexible manipulation of chiroptical properties and macroscopic helical sense.
Designing Robust Single Atom Catalysts by Three‐in‐One Strategy: Sub‐1‐nm Space Confining, Bimetallic Bonding and Reaction‐Induced Forming Active Sites
Authors: Li Zesheng
Published: October 2024

It is imperative to design robust single atom catalysts (SACs) that maintain the stability of the active component under diverse reaction conditions and prevent aggregation or deactivation. Confining the single atom active site within sub‐nanometer (sub‐1‐nm) spaces has proven effective in enhancing the stability and activity of the catalyst, owing to the strong constraints and regulations imposed on atomic behavior at this scale. Bimetallic bond atomic sites, comprising two distinct metal compositions, often exhibit unique electronic structures and catalytic properties. Designing SACs under reaction‐induced conditions, such as varying temperatures, pressures, and atmospheres, can facilitate a deeper understanding of the formation and migration behavior of active sites in real reactions, as well as the optimization mechanisms for performance enhancement. The objective of this review is to promote a robust SAC design strategy that encapsulates bimetallic bonding active sites within sub‐1‐nm spaces and investigates catalyst preparation and performance under reaction‐induced conditions. This design strategy is anticipated to bolster the catalytic activity and stability of the catalyst while also offering fresh perspectives and optimization avenues for the catalytic processes involved in practical chemical reactions.
Facile Synthesis of Rhodium‐Based Nanocrystals in a Metastable Phase and Evaluation of Their Thermal and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Nguyen Quynh N. , Li Kei Kwan , Ding Yong , Janssen Annemieke , Huang Zhennan , Chi Miaofang , Xia Younan
Published: October 2024

Controlling the polymorphism of metal nanocrystals is a promising strategy for enhancing properties and discovering new phenomena. However, previous studies on Rh nanocrystals have focused on their thermodynamically stable face‐centered‐cubic (fcc) phase. Herein, a facile synthesis of Rh‐based nanocrystals featuring the metastable hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) phase is reported by using Ru seeds in their native hcp phase to template the deposition of Rh atoms. The success of such phase‐controlled synthesis relies on the templating effect promoted by the small lattice mismatch between Ru and Rh and the slow dropwise titration of the precursor at an elevated temperature, ensuring the layer‐by‐layer growth mode and thus the formation of a conformal hcp‐Rh shell. Faster injection rate of Rh(III) precursor leads to the formation of a rough Rh shell in the conventional fcc phase due to accelerated reaction kinetics. Considering both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of this system, the hcp‐Rh phase is favored when the low surface energy from smooth overlayers balances the high bulk energy of the metastable phase, achieved through tight control of reaction rates and deposition patterns. These Ruhcp@Rhhcp core–shell nanocrystals demonstrate thermal stability up to 400 °C, while exhibiting higher catalytic activity toward ethanol oxidation reaction compared to Ruhcp@Rhfcc counterparts.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bimetallic Structure Fabricated through Wire Plus Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Murugesan Devarajan Vijayakumar , Veeman Dhinakaran , Subramaniyan Mohan Kumar , Kannan Sanjay
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the fabrication and mechanical assessment of bimetallic structure (BMS) wall using wire plus arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology, employing stainless steel (SS) 304 and SS 308L SS filler wire. The usage of BMS is promoted due to the limitation faced during dissimilar welding of the SS grades. The high or improper melting of the interface will lead to elemental segregation, leading to structural failure. Producing seamless BMS plates will be an ideal replacement for dissimilarly welded joints. Notably, 308L SS demonstrates superior mechanical properties compared to 304 SS, exhibiting impressive tensile strength (TS) and exceptional ductility. BMS, constructed with 308L filler wire, closely matches these better mechanical attributes, making it an attractive choice for applications prioritizing mechanical performance. Furthermore, when compared to WAAM‐processed SS 304, BMS consistently outperforms in terms of TS while retaining remarkable ductility. This is due to the variation in the microstructure caused by complex thermal cycles. Hence, this research provides valuable insights into manufacturing and characterization of BMS, emphasizing the potential of WAAM‐processed BMS (SS 304/SS 308L) in engineering applications demanding superior mechanical properties while replacing dissimilar joints in the fields of aerospace, aviation, automobile, and power generation industries.
Applications of Clauson‐Kaas Reaction in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Singh Pargat , Singh Abhijeet , Singh Dileep Kumar , Nath Mahendra
Published: October 2024

Pyrrole‐embedded organic molecules received a considerable importance due to their numerous biological and material applications. Hence, several synthetic strategies have been devised for the construction of diverse pyrrole analogues over the years. Among these, the Clauson‐Kaas reaction is one of the most widely used protocols for the synthesis of various N‐substituted pyrroles. This review briefly describes the Clauson‐Kaas reaction along with modifications and a detailed account on its applications in the various sectors of organic synthesis.
Introduction to Acoustics: Measuring, Quantifying, and Understanding Sound
Authors: Sharp Calum
Published: October 2024

To understand sound, noise, and their effects on health, we must quantify sound using the concept of ‘acoustics’. This chapter provides an introduction to acoustics and outlines different ways that acousticians measure, predict and quantify sound to understand its effects. The chapter also contains a glossary of acoustic terminology that is used throughout this book and can be referred to when reading any of the other chapters in the book.
A dynamically consistent discretization method for the Goodwin model with nonlinear Phillips curve. Comparing qualitative and quantitative dynamics
Authors: Baldi M. M. , Guzowska M. , Michetti E.
Published: October 2024

The Goodwin model is a widely used economic growth model able to explain endogenous fluctuations in employment rate and wage share; in its initial version, the standard Phillips curve is used. In the present work, we suggest a revised Phillips curve that takes into account how the wage share influences the rate of changes of the wage itself thus obtaining a continuous-time modified Goodwin model. Since applying models to real data often requires working in a discrete-time setup, we then move from the continuous-time to the discrete-time version of the proposed model, by using a general polynomial discretization method in backward and forward-looking (hybrid discretization). By comparing the continuous-time system to its discrete-time counterpart we prove that fixed points and local dynamics do not change, as long as the time step is not too high. Moreover, numerical simulations employing Dynamic Time Warping, cross-correlation, and semblance analysis consistently affirm that enhancing the similarity of quantitative dynamics is achieved by reducing the time step.