bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Mass and Small Media Campaigns to Improve Cancer Awareness and Screening Rates in Asia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schliemann Désirée , Su Tin Tin , Paramasivam Darishiani , Treanor Charlene , Dahlui Maznah , Loh Siew Yim , Donnelly Michael
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE

The main objective of this systematic review was to identify whether mass and small media interventions improve knowledge and attitudes about cancer, cancer screening rates, and early detection of cancer in Asia.

METHODS

The review was conducted according to a predefined protocol. Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched in September 2017, and data extraction and rating of methodologic study quality (according to Joanna Briggs Institute rating procedures) were performed independently by reviewers.

RESULTS

Twenty-two studies (reported across 24 papers) met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 21) were conducted in high or upper-middle income countries; targeted breast (n = 11), cervical (n = 7), colorectal (n = 3), or oral (n = 2) cancer; and used small media either alone (n = 15) or in combination with mass media and other components (n = 5). Studies regarding cancer screening uptake were of medium to high quality and mainly reported positive outcomes for cervical cancer and mixed results for breast and colorectal cancer. The methodologic strength of research that investigated change in cancer-related knowledge and the cost effectiveness of interventions, respectively, were weak and inconclusive.

CONCLUSION

Evidence indicated that small media campaigns seemed to be effective in terms of increasing screening uptake in Asia, in particular cervical cancer screening. Because of the limited number of studies in Asia, it was not possible to be certain about the effectiveness of mass media in improving screening uptake and the effectiveness of campaigns in improving cancer-related knowledge.
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Influenza Infection in Oncology Patients
Authors: El Ramahi Razan , Freifeld Alison
Published: April 2019

Influenza infection causes increased morbidity and higher mortality in patients receiving treatment of underlying cancer, particularly in those with hematological malignancy or patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. The illness is characterized by seasonality and nonspecific clinical manifestations of upper respiratory infection at a time when other respiratory illnesses are common in the community, making the diagnosis challenging. However, accurate and timely diagnosis by new molecular techniques is crucial in the management of immunocompromised patients, because delays in initiating appropriate therapy can have devastating consequences. Emergence of viral resistance to currently used antiviral agents is of concern, particularly in immunocompromised hosts, and warrants continued monitoring and surveillance. Early and effective treatment improves outcomes, but optimal therapeutic strategies in patients with cancer are not well defined. Health care and research efforts should focus on defining treatment guidelines in patients with cancer and attempt to improve on current vaccination strategies.
Dominant negative inhibition of canonical Notch signaling in trophoblast cells does not disrupt placenta formation
Authors: Shawber Carrie J. , Brown-Grant Dex-Ann , Wu Tracy , Kitajewski Jan K. , Douglas Nataki C.
Published: April 2019

Proper development and function of the mammalian placenta requires interactions between embryo-derived trophoblasts and uterine endothelial cells to form mosaic vessels that facilitate blood flow to a developing conceptus. Notch signaling utilizes a cell-cell contact dependent mechanism to drive cell behaviors, such as differentiation and invasion. In mice, Notch2 is needed for proper placentation and embryo survival. We used transgenic mice with a dominant-negative form of Mastermind-Like1 and Cyp19-Cre and Tpbpa-Cre drivers to inhibit canonical Notch signaling in trophoblasts. Both Cre drivers resulted in robust placental expression of dominant-negative Mastermind-Like1. All pregnancies progressed beyond mid-gestation and morphological analyses of placentas revealed no differences between mutants and controls. Our data suggest that mouse placentation occurs normally despite dominant negative inhibition of trophoblast canonical Notch signaling and that Notch2 signaling via the canonical pathway is not necessary for placentation. Key Words: trophoblasts, Notch, placenta, Cyp19-Cre, Tpbpa-Cre
Microenvironmental stimuli induce different macrophage polarizations in experimental models of emphysema
Authors: Kohler Júlia Benini , Cervilha Daniela Aparecida de Brito , Riani Moreira Alyne , Santana Fernanda Roncon , Farias Talita M. , Alonso Vale Maria Isabel Cardoso , Martins Milton de Arruda , Prado Carla Máximo , Tibério Iolanda Calvo , Ito Juliana Tiyaki , Lopes Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos
Published: April 2019

Background: Macrophages play a pivotal role in the development of emphysema and depending on the microenvironment stimuli can be polarized into M1- or M2-like macrophage phenotypes.

Aim: To compare macrophage polarizations in cigarette smoke (CS)- and porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema models. C57BL/6 mice were subdivided into four experimental groups. In the PPE group, animals received an intranasal instillation of PPE (0.677 IU); in the Saline group, animals received an intranasal instillation of Saline (0.9%). Animals from both groups were euthanized on the 28th day. In the CS group, animals were exposed to CS for 30 minutes, twice a day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks. In the Control group, animals received filtered air.

Results: We observed an increase in total macrophages for both experimental models. For M1-like macrophage markers, we observed an increase in TNF-α+ and IFN-γ+ cells, Cxcl-9 and Cxcl-10 expressions in PPE and CS groups. Only for CS group, we detected an increased expression of IL-12b. For M2-like macrophages markers, we observed a down regulation for IL-10, IL-4, IL-13, Arg1 and Fizz1 and an increase of TGF-β+ cells for PPE group while for CS group there was an increase in TGF-β+ cells and IL-10 expression. All exposure groups were compared to their respective controls.

Conclusions: In summary, we demonstrated that CS- and PPE-induced models resulted in different microenvironmental stimuli. CS exposure induced an environmental stimulus related to M1- and M2-like macrophage phenotypes similar to previous results described in COPD patients, whereas the elastase-induced model provided an environmental stimulus related only to the M1 phenotype.
Beneficial effects of exercise on gut microbiota functionality and barrier integrity, and gut-liver crosstalk in an in vivo model of early obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Carbajo-Pescador Sara , Porras David , García-Mediavilla María Victoria , Martínez-Flórez Susana , Juarez-Fernández María , Cuevas María José , Mauriz José Luis , González-Gallego Javier , Nistal Esther , Sánchez-Campos Sonia
Published: April 2019

Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels, representing one of the most serious public health concerns associated with metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is limited clinical experience concerning pediatric NAFLD patients, and thus the therapeutic options are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of exercise on gut microbiota composition and functionality balance, and consequent effects on early obesity and NAFLD onset in an in vivo model. Juvenile (21-day-old) male Wistar rats fed a control diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) were subjected to a combined aerobic and resistance training protocol. Fecal microbiota was sequenced by an Illumina MiSeq system, and parameters related to metabolic syndrome, fecal metabolome, intestinal barrier integrity, bile acid metabolism and transport, and alteration of the gut-liver axis were measured. Exercise decreased HFD-induced body weight gain, metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis, as a result of its lipid metabolism modulatory capacity. Gut microbiota composition and functionality were substantially modified as a consequence of diet, age and exercise intervention. In addition, the training protocol increased Parabacteroides, Bacteroides and Flavobacterium genera, correlating with a beneficial metabolomic profile, whereas Blautia, Dysgonomonas and Porphyromonas showed an opposite pattern. Exercise effectively counteracted HFD-induced microbial imbalance, leading to intestinal barrier preservation, which, in turn, prevented deregulation of the gut-liver axis and improved bile acid homeostasis, determining the clinical outcomes of NAFLD. In conclusion, we provide scientific evidence highlighting the benefits of gut microbiota composition and functionality modulation by physical exercise protocols in the management of early obesity and NAFLD development.
Late Antique and Early Byzantine Era Inscriptions at Assos
Authors: Özhan Tolga
Published: April 2019

In this paper, eleven new inscriptions are presented, which were found between 1981 and 2017 at Assos in the southern Troad, Asia Minor. Funerary inscriptions that can be dated to the Late Antique and Byzantine periods constitute the majority of the inscriptions found during the period defined above. The first inscription, carved on a lintel, is an acclamation of the Lord/ Emmanouel. The personal name Chrysogonos in the second inscription may have been the name of a stonecutter who worked in the quarry. The third inscription is the epitaph of the gravediggers of the Orthodox “Great Church”. By the phrase “Great Church” (μεγάλη ἐκκλησία), a cathedral must have been intended, located inside the city or its immediate surroundings. The fourth inscription presented here is the sarcophagus inscription of the heirs of an individual called Daniel. The fifthis the sarcophagus inscription of Theoktistos. The inscriptions nos. 6-10 from the oor of Ayazma Church include several sarcophagus inscriptions: No. 6 is of Bas(s)os, no. 7 is of Eutychianos, and no. 8 is of Onesimos, whose father’s name is uncertain due to a crack and damage on the surface of the stone. No. 9 is the sarcophagus of presbyter Anastasios, and no. 10 is the sarcophagus of Eugenios. The eleventh inscription is a fragmentary sarcophagus inscription.
Understanding and management of gestational trophoblastic disease
Authors: Ning Fen , Hou Houmei , Morse Abraham N. , Lash Gendie E.
Published: April 2019

Gestational trophoblastic disease or neoplasia covers a spectrum of benign and malignant conditions arising from pregnancies with highly abnormal development of trophoblastic tissue. In this brief review, we discuss the different features of these different conditions and their origins and risk factors and introduce some of the more novel and controversial treatment options currently being explored.
Evaluation of retention of knowledge, skill and competency of health workers one year after completion of the Helping Babies Breathe training program in South Sudan
Authors: Vunni Draiko Christopher , Yamarat Khemika , Panza Alessio , Draleru Judith
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The aim of the study is to evaluate the long-term retention of knowledge, skill and competency of health workers who completed Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) training and effect on newborn mortality.

Methods: The study employed pre-post-interventions study and participants were selected based on their previous training on HBB protocols. Health workers were assessed for knowledge, skill and competency pre, post training in March, and 3 months in June 2017 and 1-year post implementation in September 2018.  Health workers were scored on knowledge, skill and competency. The mean score was obtained and repeated ANOVA, chi-squared test and Pearson’s test was used to compare pre- and post-intervention and one-year implementation. Retention of health worker’s knowledge, skill and competency was assessed using the HBB questionnaires, checklist, practical skill and drills, and were scored on knowledge, skill and competency. The scores were computed into percentages, mean scores and mean differences, and compared against scores at 3 months and 1 year. Impact on management of newborn asphyxia was conducted using a review of delivery registry at maternity and children ward scores were group into percentages, averages means, computed using the Chi-square test.

Results: Helping Babies Breathe has shown a significant increase in knowledge, skill and competency post-test and three months. Despite the improvement in knowledge, skills and competency of the health within the three months of training, there was marked decline over 1-year period.

Conclusions: Immediate evaluation of the health workers after Helping Babies Breathe training resulted into significant increase in knowledge, skills and competency in neonatal resuscitation although this declined over period of one year. The training also resulted into decrease in neonatal mortality.
Apoptosis induction on human breast cancer T47D cell line by extracts of Ancorina sp.
Authors: Tunjung Woro Anindito Sri , Sayekti Puspa Restu
Published: April 2019

Background:Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women. Alternative medicine with high efficacy is needed for breast cancer treatments, for example induction of apoptosis using natural products. It has been found that many natural apoptosis-inducing compounds are isolated from marine sponge. The objective of this study is to analyze the ability of extracts of the spongeAncorinasp. to induce apoptosis on human breast cancer T47D cell line and find out its mechanism.

Methods:T47D cells were treated with crude extracts of methanol, dichloromethane:methanol (1:1) and dichloromethaneAncorinasp. for 24 h, and doxorubicin was used as a positive control. Methods used for this study were MTT assay to examine cell viability and determine IC50of the three extracts, while the percentage of apoptosis and caspase-3 were investigated by flow cytometry.

Results:IC50values of methanol, dichloromethane:methanol (1:1), and dichloromethane extract were 84.25, 121.45, and 99.85μg/mL respectively. The percentages of apoptotic cells after treatment with methanol, dichloromethane:methanol (1:1), and dichloromethane extracts were 88.68, 27.54 and 53.63% respectively, whereas the percentage of caspase-3 was 77.87, 12.66 and 12.97%, respectively.

Conclusions:These results revealed that all extracts ofAncorinasp. have strong or moderate cytotoxicity and have the ability to induce apoptosis on T47D human breast cancer cell line. However, methanol crude extract has high efficacy to induce apoptosis through caspase-3 activation compared to the other extracts. Hence methanol extract warrants further investigation as a natural medicine for human breast cancer.
Towards an off-grid fecal sludge treatment unit: demonstrating energy positive thermal treatment
Authors: Myers Taylor , Schoebitz Lars , Woolley Stuart , Sanchez Ferragut Jaime , Thostenson Jimmy , Jooss Kathy , Piascik Jeffery , Frechette August , Hotz Nico , Stoner Brian R. , Hallowell Jeffery
Published: April 2019

Background: There is an unmet demand for community-scale fecal sludge treatment units (FSTUs) that serve communities of between 1,000 and 50,000 people and are able to operate in non-sewered and off-grid environments. An emerging industry standard for FSTUs includes as a key criteria energy independence in steady-state. Theoretically, there is sufficient thermal energy available in fecal sludge to provide the electrical power needed to run the FSTU. However, such a system had never been implemented.

Methods: Biomass Controls has previously demonstrated the thermal treatment of fecal sludge using the Biogenic Refinery, a thermal FSTU deployed in three sites in India. In this article we describe testing where a Biogenic Refinery was paired with a thermal fluid heat exchanger and organic Rankine cycle generator to generate electrical power.

Results: This Biogenic Refinery combined heat and power system generated sufficient electrical power to offset electrical parasitic loads in steady-state operation and produce a surplus of 1.2 kWe.

Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate that there is an excess of energy available and reliable mechanisms to generate electrical energy using an FSTU. Additional steps are necessary to transition to a true off-grid FSTU.
India Research Management Initiative (IRMI) – an initiative for building research capacity in India
Authors: Ayyar Savita , Jameel Shahid
Published: April 2019

Research and innovation are growing in India with significant investments being made towards institutions, researchers and research infrastructure. Although still under 1% of GDP, funding for science and technology in India has increased each year for over two decades. There is also increasing realization that public funding for research should be supplemented with that from industry and philanthropy.

Like their counterparts worldwide, Indian researchers require access to professional research management support at their institutions to fully leverage emerging scientific opportunities and collaborations. However, there are currently significant  gaps in the research management support available to these researchers and this has implications for research in India.

The India Research Management Initiative (IRMI) was launched by the Wellcome Trust/DBT (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India) India Alliance (hereafter India Alliance) in February 2018 to narrow these gaps. A 12-month pilot phase has enabled conversations across multiple stakeholders. In this Open Letter, we share some insights from the IRMI pilot phase, which could aid systemic development and scaling up of research management as a professional support service across India. We anticipate these will stimulate dialogue and guide future policy and interventions towards building robust research and innovation ecosystems in India.
Quantifying Distributional Model Risk via Optimal Transport
Authors: Blanchet Jose , Murthy Karthyek
Published: April 2019

This paper deals with the problem of quantifying the impact of model misspecification when computing general expected values of interest. The methodology that we propose is applicable in great generality; in particular, we provide examples involving path-dependent expectations of stochastic processes. Our approach consists of computing bounds for the expectation of interest regardless of the probability measure used, as long as the measure lies within a prescribed tolerance measured in terms of a flexible class of distances from a suitable baseline model. These distances, based on optimal transportation between probability measures, include Wasserstein’s distances as particular cases. The proposed methodology is well suited for risk analysis and distributionally robust optimization, as we demonstrate with applications. We also discuss how to estimate the tolerance region nonparametrically using Skorokhod-type embeddings in some of these applications.
Manipulative Leadership and The Effect towards Its Subordinate as Portrayed in Orson Scott Card’s Novel
Authors: Delani Sharavina
Published: April 2019

Literary works, such as novel, usually comes from the writer’s feeling; it could be the feeling of love, frustrations, angers, satisfactions, disappointments, satire, and many other feelings towards an individual, social, organizations, even the government. A novel could also be some kind of warning towards the readers so that they could be cautious if there are any similar events happen in their real life. The main objective of this research explains the American manipulative leadership and the American cultural values seen in Ender’s Game and to analyze the effect of American Manipulative Leadership towards its Subordinate shows by Ender’s Game. The researcher uses the qualitative method to analyze the primary data and the supporting data using content analysis to interpret the images, symbols, and words.    This undergraduate thesis concludes two major points. Firstly, American manipulative leadership uses two values; which are risk-taking and the future, change, and progress and forgotten two other values, directness/openness/honesty and freedom of American Cultural values. Secondly, American manipulative leaderships also affect the subordinate psychological condition. And novel can also be called as a popular culture due to its enormous achievement and its consumption by the mass.
Are district nurses well placed to provide equitable end-of-life care to individuals who are homeless?
Authors: Traynor Rebecca
Published: April 2019

This literature review aimed to answer the focus question: are district nurses well placed to provide equitable end of life care (EOL) for homeless individuals? It focused on 10 primary research studies, from which two themes emerged and subsequently formed the basis of the discussion: (1) the difficulty in predicting disease trajectory in people who are homeless and (2) the gaps in existing systems. The main findings from these themes were a lack of education on the recognition of the dying and a general lack of knowledge of the complex challenges faced by and health needs of homeless people, which cause stigma from both the general public and health professionals towards these marginalised individuals. Further, there is certainly a lack of suitable places to deliver palliative and EOL care for people who are homeless. Available services are inflexible and have no tolerance for substance misuse, which creates an access barrier for homeless people in need of EOL care.
Rare health conditions, 22: mental health consequences and the impact of living with a rare health condition; Rare Disease Day; trench foot
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this series is to highlight a range of rare health conditions. Rare health conditions are those that affect no more and usually less than 1 person in every 2000. Many healthcare assistants (HCAs) and nurses will encounter some of these conditions, given the high number of them. conditions. This 22nd article will explore the mental health consequences and impact of living with a rare health condition; and celebrate the annual ‘Rare Disease Day’.
Development and delivery of the trainee nursing associate pilot curriculum
Authors: Roulston Christina , Davies Miriam
Published: April 2019

This article discusses the recently launched curriculum for nursing associates and the authors' involvement in the development of a medicine management module. This required recognition of the challenges in an ever-changing healthcare environment with, in this instance, limited guidance from the Nursing and Midwifery Council and associated professional organisations and with multiple stakeholders to satisfy. Curriculum development therefore required consideration of the concerns of service users and providers regarding the integration of this new, poorly understood role, its potential effect on skill mix and lack of knowledge regarding proposed regulation.
Hepatitis A and B: updates for general practice nurses
Authors: Brewer Catherine
Published: April 2019

While they are both vaccine preventable, hepatitis A and B both remain prevalent diseases across the globe. Catherine Brewer explores the significance of informing travellers of the infection risks and provides useful knowledge for practice nurses providing travel advice

The term hepatitis means inflammation of the liver and the most prevalent types are A and B. These are also the serotypes more relevant to travel medicine. Hepatitis A is contracted via the faecal–oral route, often in contaminated food and water. It is predominantly found in countries with poor sanitation, but outbreaks can occur in the UK. Travellers need to be assessed to see if their destination and the nature of their travels will put them at risk. If this is the case, health advice and the vaccine should be offered. Hepatitis B is contracted via blood and body fluids and has a vast global health impact. Many individuals who contract this disease in early life will go onto be chronic carriers and have long-term complications. The UK is a low-risk country and most travellers going to high-risk areas will remain low risk. However, health professionals need to assess individual travellers and their itineraries to identify those at an increased risk. Advice must be given and the vaccine should be administered if appropriate, and both of these conditions can impact travellers as well as the wider public. Professionals must understand the diseases, risks, management strategies, guidelines and vaccine schedules to provide the optimum care to their patients.
Prescribing for patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: April 2019

Linda Nazarko provides best practice knowledge for managing, treating and prescribing for patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. People with IBD normally present in primary care and may have non-specific symptoms. Diagnosis may be delayed and this can have an impact on response to treatment. This article aims to enable prescribers to be aware of the clinical features, investigations and management of IBD.
General Practice Nurse Leadership for Quality Programme 2019
Authors: Gilroy Rebecca
Published: April 2019

Leadership has never been more important for practice nurses, but do you see yourself as a leader? Rebecca Gilroy provides a debrief of the event and some key takeaways that readers may find beneficial on their leadership journey
Raman Investigations of Metal Chalcogenide Thin Films (A Short Review)
Authors: Soonmin Ho , Mandati Sreekanth , Chandran Ramkumar , Mallik Archana , Bhuiyan Mohammad Arif Sobhan , G Deepa K.
Published: April 2019

Cu In Se2 thin films are very important semiconductor material for solar cell applications because of chemical stability, direct band gap and high optical absorption coefficient. In this work, these films have been prepared by using different deposition techniques such as electrodeposition, solvothermal, vacuum evaporation, hydrothermal and pulsed electrode position technique. Cu In Se2 thin films were fully characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray analysis, atomic force microscopy, UV-Visible spectrophotometer and Raman spectroscopy in order to study physical properties.
Engaging the person with young-onset dementia: working in partnership to support meaningful activity
Authors: Gilmore Imelda
Published: April 2019

Imelda cared for her husband through his journey with young-onset Alzheimer’s disease. He was diagnosed at the age of 64 and died aged 68. This article describes many of the challenges that she faced in ensuring that her husband continued to experience purpose and meaning even as the ravages of the disease robbed him of his skills. She focuses on the need for the caregiver and the care professional to respond to the unique way in which the person being cared for engages with his or her world and to co-develop activities that are meaningful to them.
Undergraduate design students’ experience of risk-taking in an open-ended design project
Authors: Giloi Susan , Barry Christine Gail , Burger Yolandi , Harrison Peter Hugh , Krueger Leigh , Scheffer Leana , Walton Carsten P.
Published: April 2019

In this article we investigate the student experience of risk-taking in an open-ended design project that appeared to be ideally suited to encourage risk-taking. The article is informed by a phenomenological case study documenting student experience of risk-taking during a concentrated, week-long design project. The data revealed multiple instances where students had taken risks and how they had experienced risk-taking. Three significant aspects of risk-taking in design education were identified in the data and explored. The first aspect considers how the students’ experience correlated with a theoretical educational approach that encourages risk-taking. The second provides a broad overview of the students’ experience of risk-taking during the project. The third draws out common student experiences that highlight that risk-taking is often prompted by the undefined and unexpected elements of a project and gaps in student knowledge, experience and skills.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Morra Joanne , Mills Ella S.
Published: April 2019

‘Mindy Lee & J.A.L.-B.’, Griffin Gallery Perimeter Space, London, 18 January–23 February 2018

‘Navigation Charts: Lubaina Himid’, Spike Island, Bristol, 20 January–26 March 2017
ПРЕЗУМПЦИИ И ФИКЦИИ КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ТЕКСТА НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО АКТА
Authors: Vasiliev Anton , Zatsepina Olesia
Published: April 2019

В статье рассматриваются презумпции и фикции в аспекте их технико-юридического значения и особенности их закрепления в тексте нормативно-правового акта. На конкретных примерах показано, что они могут быть закреплены как прямым способом, так и косвенным, позволяющим выявить их только путем толкования текста. При этом отмечается, что косвенные презумпции необходимо трансформировать в прямые для их лучшего применения, а косвенные фикции не нуждаются в этом, так как трудностей в их выявлении не возникает, и такой способ закрепления является для них целесообразным. Фикции обязательно нужно отграничивать от негативных фиктивных явлений, так как они, как и презумпции, участвуют в образовании юридических терминов и, благодаря своим уникальным свойствам, оптимизируют не только правовое регулирование, но и правотворческую работу законодателя, способствуя лингвистической экономии, делая текст нормативно-правового акта емким, лаконичным и недвусмысленным, то есть способствуют соблюдению правил юридической техники, предъявляемых к нему. Презумпция в значении предположения, имеющего определенную степень вероятности, обусловленную логически и исторически, используется не только в праве, но и в других науках, а также в повседневной жизни, как и фикция в значении средства, с помощью которого заведомо ложное признается истинным с целью преодоления ситуации неопределенности и нормального развития общественных отношений. Таким образом, презумпции и фикции являются необходимыми элементами текста нормативно-правового акта, позволяющими донести его смысл до адресатов.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ГИПОНИМИЧЕСКОЙ СВЯЗИ СЛОВ В ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЕ ОФИЦИАЛЬНО-ДЕЛОВЫХ ТЕКСТОВ
Authors: Abramkina Elena
Published: April 2019

В данной работе рассматривается один из методов решения такой сравнительно редкой в лингвистической экспертизе задачи, как определение вхождения одного понятия в группу других. На материале лингвистического исследования устава жилищного накопительного кооператива и закона о жилищных накопительных кооперативах решается вопрос о включении значения слова «ипотека» в группу понятий, объединенных словосочетанием «виды деятельности» жилищного накопительного кооператива. Анализ проводится в несколько этапов. На первом этапе производится лексико-семантический и компонентный анализ слова «ипотека», в результате чего определяется круг его значений как в повседневной речи, так и в экономической и юридической коммуникации. Затем определяются понятия, входящие в группу «виды деятельности» жилищного накопительного кооператива, приводятся словарные дефиниции каждого понятия. Анализ значений этих понятий и их сопоставление со значениями слова «ипотека» позволяет построить гипонимическую цепочку и определить место понятия «ипотека» в этой цепочке.
ОБ УЧАСТИИ ЛИНГВИСТА В СУДЕБНЫХ ЗАСЕДАНИЯХ ПО ДЕЛАМ ОБ ОСКОРБЛЕНИИ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ ВЛАСТИ
Authors: Napreenko Galina
Published: April 2019

Данная статья направлена на освещение практики рассмотрения уголовных дел об оскорблении представителей власти при исполнении им своих должностных обязанностей или в связи с их исполнением. На материале протоколов допросов свидетелей и потерпевших по делам об оскорблении представителей власти рассматриваются проблемы, которые встают перед лингвистом в ходе установления наличия или отсутствия речевого акта оскорбления в высказываниях. Ст. 319 УК РФ «Оскорбление представителя власти» оперирует понятием «оскорбление», обозначенным в ст. 5.61 КоАП РФ, а также в утратившей силу ст. 130 УК РФ «Оскорбление»: «Оскорбление, то есть унижение чести и достоинства другого лица, выраженное в неприличной форме». Лингвисты и юристы едины во мнении, что данное определение оскорбления дается в слишком общем виде. Неточное толкование понятия «оскорбление», а главное, отсутствие определения входящей в него дефиниции «неприличная форма» влекут неоднозначность определения ряда высказываний как оскорбительных. В данной статье рассматриваются некоторые слова, наиболее часто воспринимаемые представителями власти как оскорбительные и явившиеся поводом для возбуждения уголовных дел. Оскорбление как речевое преступление в рамках ст. 319 УК РФ предполагает адресность спорного высказывания, наличие лексики, относящейся к разряду оскорбительной, неприличную форму выражения такой лексики, а также публичность. На примере анализа ряда слов, приведенных в данной статье, наблюдается явное противоречие между бытовым пониманием оскорбления и оскорблением, подлежащим правовому регулированию.
Опухолевый рост и возможности математического моделирования системных процессов
Authors: Ганцев Шамиль Ханафиевич , Gantsev Shamil , Бахтизин Рамиль Назифович , Bakhtizin Ramil N , Франц Марина Валерьевна , Frants Marina Valerievna , Ганцев Камиль Шамилевич , Gantsev Kamil
Published: April 2019

В работе обсуждаются вопросы применения математического моделирования к исследованию процесса опухолевого роста и проблеме оптимизации лечения онкологических заболеваний. Приводится структурированный обзор работ отечественных и зарубежных авторов, посвященных этой проблематике. Обсуждается важность представлений о жизненном цикле клетки в понимании опухолевого процесса и механизмов лечения онкологических заболеваний, связанная прежде всего с тем, что применяемые методы лечения, в частности, химиотерапия и лучевая терапия, действуют как на нормальные, так и на опухолевые клетки, находящиеся в определенных стадиях жизненного цикла, и не поражают клетки в других стадиях. Приводится описание жизненного цикла клетки и механизмов, в норме обеспечивающих сохранение и восстановление нормальной плотности клеточной популяции, приводится граф стадий и переходов клетки. Предлагается математическая модель поддержания пролиферативного гомеостаза в клеточной популяции, которая учитывает гетерогенность клеточных популяций по стадиям жизненного цикла. Модель представляет собой систему дифференциальных уравнений с запаздыванием. Условия стационарности позволяют определить значения параметров модели, присущих нормальной жизнедеятельности клеточной популяции. В работе приводятся результаты вычислительного эксперимента, в котором исследуется процесс восстановления плотности клеточной популяции в случае массовой гибели клеток. Как показывает эксперимент, после гибели клеток происходит восстановление плотности клеток в разных стадиях до нормальных значений, что соответствует представлениям о пролиферативном гомеостазе в клеточных популяциях.
Сравнение различных математических моделей на примере решения уравнений движения больших планет и Луны
Authors: Заусаев Анатолий Федорович , Zausaev Anatoliy Fedorovich , Романюк Мария Анатольевна , Romanyuk Mariya Anatolievna
Published: April 2019

Проведено исследование точности решения различных дифференциальных уравнений, описывающих движение больших планет, Луны и Солнца. На интервале времени с 31 года до нашей эры по 3969 год нашей эры проведено численное интегрирование ньютоновых, релятивистских дифференциальных уравнений и уравнений, полученных на основе взаимодействия окружающего пространства с движущимися материальными телами. Выявлена область применимости рассмотренных дифференциальных уравнений для исследуемых объектов. Путем сравнения координат Луны, найденных с помощью решения различных дифференциальных уравнений и банка данных DE405, показано, что наибольшая точность в элементах орбит больших планет и Луны достигается путем решения дифференциальных уравнений, полученных на основе взаимодействия окружающего пространства с движущимися материальными телами. Решение релятивистских уравнений обеспечивает высокую точность элементов орбит для Меркурия и внешних планет на всем интервале интегрирования. Однако для остальных внутренних планет и Луны точность элементов орбит, полученных с помощью решения релятивистских уравнений, сопоставима с точностью, полученной путем решения ньютоновых уравнений. Полагается, что использование гармонической системы координат является обоснованным лишь для Меркурия с точки зрения скорости векового смещения долготы его перигелия, однако для других внутренних планет (Венеры, Земли+Луны и Марса) скорости вековых смещений долгот перигелиев оказываются завышенными. Показано, что решение дифференциальных уравнений, полученных на основе взаимодействия окружающего пространства с движущимися материальными телами, обеспечивает более высокую точность по сравнению с решениями ньютоновых и релятивистских уравнений получения элементов орбит для всех рассматриваемых объектов на исследуемом интервале времени.
Differential expression of microRNAs during root formation in Taxus chinensis var. mairei cultivars
Authors: Fei Yongjun , Luo Caroline , Tang Wei
Published: April 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play key roles in the regulation of plant growth and development by modifying the expression of their target genes. However, the influence of miRNAs on root formation and development in woody plants, such as Taxus chinensis, remains largely unknown. In the current study, we explored the phytohormone-response and nutrition-response miRNA expression profiles during T. chinensis rooting by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). We identified six phytohormone-response miRNAs, namely, miR164a, miR165, miR167a, miR171b, miR319, and miR391, and eight nutrition-response miRNAs, namely, miR169b, miR395a, miR399c, miR408, miR826, miR827, miR857, and miR2111a, that were differentially expressed at different rooting phases of T. chinensis. Using northern blot analysis of the putative target genes of these miRNAs, we detected the relative gene expression changes of the target genes. Taken together, our results suggest that miRNAs are involved in root formation of T. chinensis and that miRNAs may play important regulatory roles in primary root, crown root, and root hair formation by targeting phytohormone and/or nutrition response genes in T. chinensis. For the first time, these results expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant root formation and development in a conifer species.
A self adaptive inertial subgradient extragradient algorithm for variational inequality and common fixed point of multivalued mappings in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Jolaoso Lateef Olakunle , Taiwo Adeolu , Alakoya Timilehin Opeyemi , Mewomo Oluwatosin Temitope
Published: April 2019

We consider a new subgradient extragradient iterative algorithm with inertial extrapolation for approximating a common solution of variational inequality problems and fixed point problems of a multivalued demicontractive mapping in a real Hilbert space. We established a strong convergence theorem for our proposed algorithm under some suitable conditions and without prior knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the underlying operator. We present numerical examples to show that our proposed algorithm performs better than some recent existing algorithms in the literature.
Flucht hinter den „Osmanischen Vorhang“. Glaubensflüchtlinge in Siebenbürgen
Authors: Wien Ulrich A.
Published: April 2019

The article deals with several periods and phenomena of migration to Transylvania behind the “Ottoman curtain” and its impacts between the first half of the sixteenth to the midst of the eighteenth century. In the fifteenth and sixteenth century the mental, political and confessional diverted or inhomogeneous frame conditions preordained the region as an area which was open minded for heterogeneous thinking, experiments and individuals or groups. Especially the dominance of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans enabled adopting the reformation without Habsburg renitancy as a laboratory for religious heterogeneity. First, we notice that the later Reformer of Braşov (Johannes Honterus) imported the German Reformation to Transylvania after the end of his political exile in several centres of Reformation. After an expulsion order by the Habsburg King Ferdinand I, the Wittenberg minded reformer Paulus Wiener from Ljubljana (Slovenia) settled in Sibiu and became in 1553 the first superintendent and fortified the reform. Italian deviant preachers travelled through the realm of Queen Isabella Jagiellonica and King/Prince János II Zsigmond Szápolyai. After expulsion from Poland because of antitrinitarian ideas, the court physician Giorgio Biandrata tried to establish an open-minded protestant country. Freedom of preaching the gospel without hierarchical control – perhaps the aim of a Unitarian established regional church in the Principality – opened the border for antitrinitarian thinkers who had flown from Heidelberg, Italy and other parts of Europe. In the seventeenth century – in the 30 years’ war – the Calvinist Gábor Bethlen founded an ambitious university Academy in Alba Iulia and offered resort to Calvinist professors of central Europe. At the same time (1622), the Diet of Transylvania provided refuge to Hutterites (handcrafters called Habaner) from Moravia to settle in Transylvania – interdicting mission. Their Anabaptist behaviour attracted 130 years later some of the “Transmigrants” who were expelled by the counterreformation minded Charles VI and Maria Theresia from Austrian, Styria and Carinthian underground Protestants. About 3000 persons were exact relocated to the “heretic corner” of the conquered province of Transylvania – the former Ottoman vassal – where the Habsburgs had to respect the Basic Constitutional Law (by the Diploma Leopoldinum) including religious freedom of 1595. The religiones receptae were Roman-catholic, Lutheran, Calvinist and Unitarian, but also the “tolerated” Rumanian-orthodox churches.

There has to be some research to the question of Ottoman-Christian interplay, motives and strategies of the heteronomy of the estates and the problem whether the non-absolutistic governance and policy was an advantage.
Simulation of Optical ISL with 48 Transponders and Performance Analysis Using Ber and Q-Factor
Authors: Bhargav Avireni , Saini Jitendra Kumar
Published: April 2019

In the present day world, the satellite technology is recording high growth rate on day to day basis through which the part played by optical wireless communication via satellite has been found to be playing an important role. The system has been evaluated by means of two methods. The first one being the communication system using 48 transponders in the satellite by means of Optisystem 15.2 software. The second one attributes to the concept of Satellite to Satellite Optical Wireless Communication (SSOWC) wherein 48 transponders are used by means of Optisystem 15.2 software. In this, the factors realized are Q-factor, bit error rate, effective noise band width and noise power. These factors were verified and analyzed to make use of satellite optical wireless communication of the respective transponder performance.
Optimal Algorithms for Computing Average Temperatures
Authors: Foucart S. , Hielsberg M. , Mullendore G. L. , Petrova G. , Wojtaszczyk P.
Published: April 2019

A numerical algorithm is presented for computing average global temperature (or other quantities of interest such as average precipitation) from measurements taken at speci_ed locations and times. The algorithm is proven to be in a certain sense optimal. The analysis of the optimal algorithm provides a sharp a priori bound on the error between the computed value and the true average global temperature. This a priori bound involves a computable compatibility constant which assesses the quality of the measurements for the chosen model. The optimal algorithm is constructed by solving a convex minimization problem and involves a set of functions selected a priori in relation to the model. It is shown that the solution promotes sparsity and hence utilizes a smaller number of well-chosen data sites than those provided. The algorithm is then applied to canonical data sets and mathematically generic models for the computation of average temperature and average precipitation over given regions and given time intervals. A comparison is provided between the proposed algorithms and existing methods.
Analysis of the factors affecting the prognosis of glioma patients
Authors: Wang Jiancun , Hu Guancheng , Quan Xingyun
Published: April 2019

This retrospective study was carried out to investigate factors affecting the prognosis of gliomas for better management of treatment. Clinical data from 186 glioma patients treated in our hospital from January 2013 to June 2016 were analyzed. There was slightly more male than female patients in the cohort. The main clinical symptoms included sudden limb twitching, headache and fatigue, vomiting, vision reduction and speaking disorders. The malignancy was high and the prognosis was poor in the patients, with an overall survival rate of 54.84 % by October 2017. Univariate analysis showed that the prognosis was mainly affected by age, tumor grade, preoperative Karnofsky performance status (KPS), surgical method, postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and postoperative use of temozolomide (TMZ). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for the prognosis were old age (≥ 60), advanced tumor, partial tumor resection, KPS of < 70, no chemotherapy after operation and < 4 courses of postoperative TMZ. The prognosis is negatively affected by age, tumor grade, KPS, and partial tumor resection. Surgical resection combined with chemotherapy and multi-course use of TMZ prolongs the survival time of patients.
A model for ordinal responses with heterogeneous status quo outcomes
Authors: Sirchenko Andrei
Published: April 2019

The decisions to reduce, leave unchanged, or increase a choice variable (such as policy interest rates) are often characterized by abundant status quo outcomes that can be generated by different processes. The decreases and increases may also be driven by distinct decision-making paths. Neither conventional nor zero-inflated models for ordinal responses adequately address these issues. This paper develops a flexible endogenously switching model with three latent regimes, which create separate processes for interest rate hikes and cuts and overlap at a no-change outcome, generating three different types of status quo decisions. The model is not only favored by statistical tests but also produces economically more meaningful inference with respect to the existing models, which deliver biased estimates in the simulations.
Authentication Mechanism as a Service through a Secured Biometric System in a Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Sevugan Prabu , Ganapathy Gopinath
Published: April 2019

The utilization of biological properties for individual identification, called biometric systems, in cell phones is an undemanding and secure way to deal with managing user individual data. In this work, we assess three understood local binary descriptors (BRIEF, ORB, and BRISK) for the iris recognition task. As iris recognition is a computationally overwhelming undertaking to run locally on cell phones, the proposal of a technique to perform iris recognition on a cloud foundation, which has lately developed as another worldview for facilitating and conveying services over the Internet, has been made. The primary objective of this is to give clients powerful correspondence with no significant blunders.