bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binocular treatment for amblyopia: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Roda Matilde , Pellegrini Marco , Di Geronimo Natalie , Vagge Aldo , Fresina Michela , Schiavi Costantino
Published: October 2021

Background

To date, there is still no consensus regarding the effect of binocular treatment for amblyopia. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the available evidence to determine whether binocular treatment is more effective than patching in children with amblyopia.

Methods

Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for studies that compared binocular treatment and patching in children with amblyopia. The outcome measures were visual acuity and stereopsis. Pooled effects sizes were calculated with a random-effect model. The standardized difference in means (SDM) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated. Sensitivity analysis and assessment of publication bias were performed.

Results

Five randomized clinical trials were included. No significant difference in visual acuity between patients treated with binocular treatment and patching was observed (SDM = -0.12; 95% CI: -0.45–0.20; P = 0.464). No significant difference in stereopsis between patients treated with binocular treatment and patching was observed (SDM = -0.07; 95% CI: -0.61–0.48; P = 0.809). For both variables, the between-study heterogeneity was high (respectively, I2 = 61% and I2 = 57%).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis found no convincing evidence supporting the efficacy of binocular treatment as an alternative to conventional patching. Therefore, the binocular treatment cannot fully replace traditional treatment but, to date, it can be considered a valid complementary therapy in peculiar cases. Further studies are required to determine whether more engaging therapies and new treatment protocols are more effective.
Enhanced quantum signature scheme using quantum amplitude amplification operators
Authors: Elias Basma , Younes Ahmed
Published: October 2021

Quantum signature is the use of the principles of quantum computing to establish a trusted communication between two parties. In this paper, a quantum signature scheme using amplitude amplification techniques will be proposed. To secure the signature, the proposed scheme uses a partial diffusion operator and a diffusion operator to hide/unhide certain quantum states during communication. The proposed scheme consists of three phases, preparation phase, signature phase and verification phase. To confuse the eavesdropper, the quantum states representing the signature might be hidden, not hidden or encoded in Bell states. It will be shown that the proposed scheme is more secure against eavesdropping when compared with relevant quantum signature schemes.
Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among adults in Ghana: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Amu Hubert , Osei Eric , Kofie Philip , Owusu Richard , Bosoka Samuel Adolf , Konlan Kennedy Diema , Kim Eunji , Orish Verner Ndudiri , Maalman Raymond Saa-Eru , Manu Emmanuel , Parbey Phyllis Atta , Saah Farrukh Ishaque , Mumuni Hadiru , Appiah Prince Kubi , Komesuor Joyce , Ayanore Martin Amogre , Amenuvegbe Gregory Kofi , Kim Siwoo , Jung Hajun , Adjuik Martin , Tarkang Elvis Enowbeyang , Alhassan Robert Kaba , Donkor Ernestina Safoa , Zottor Francis Bruno , Kweku Margaret , Amuna Paul , Kim So Yoo , Gyapong John Owusu
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Over the past two decades, there have been several global interventions including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), aimed at improving health outcomes. Despite efforts by countries to achieve the SDG targets, mental health challenges remain major public health concerns globally. We examined the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress as well as the comorbidities of these mental health issues among adults.

Materials and methods

This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 2456 adults in four districts of the Volta Region of Ghana using data from the UHAS-Yonsei University Partnership Project. We analysed the data using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, correlation, and binary logistic regression.

Results

Overall, 51.8% of the participants had at least one of the mental health issues examined. The prevalence of a mental health issue was 25.2%, 53.3%, and 9.7% for depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Participants constituting 8.3% experienced all three mental health issues as comorbidities. Participants’ level of formal education and income significantly predicted depression, anxiety, and stress respectively at the multivariable level. Adults with a tertiary level of education were, for instance, 68% (AOR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.15–0.66), 65% (AOR = 0.35, 95%CI = 0.17–0.73), and 50% (AOR = 0.50, 95%CI = 0.33–0.76) less likely to experience depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively compared with those who had no formal education.

Conclusion

The majority of our study participants either experienced depression, anxiety, or stress. There were quite high comorbidities of the mental health issues among the adult population. To accelerate progress towards the achievement of SDG 3.4 target of promoting mental health and wellbeing for all by the year 2030, there is a need for effective implementation of the country’s 2012 Mental Health Act which makes provisions for the establishment of a Mental Health Fund. This could improve the financial circumstances of indigenes as income has been realised in the present study as an important factor influencing depression, anxiety, and stress among the adult population.
How the motor aspect of speaking influences the blink rate
Authors: Brych Mareike , Murali Supriya , Händel Barbara
Published: October 2021

The blink rate increases if a person indulges in a conversation compared to quiet rest. Since various factors were suggested to explain this increase, the present series of studies tested the influence of different motor activities, cognitive processes and auditory input on the blink behavior but at the same time minimized visual stimulation as well as social influences. Our results suggest that neither cognitive demands without verbalization, nor isolated lip, jaw or tongue movements, nor auditory input during vocalization or listening influence our blinking behavior. In three experiments, we provide evidence that complex facial movements during unvoiced speaking are the driving factors that increase blinking. If the complexity of the motor output increased such as during the verbalization of speech, the blink rate rose even more. Similarly, complex facial movements without cognitive demands, such as sucking on a lollipop, increased the blink rate. Such purely motor-related influences on blinking advise caution particularly when using blink rates assessed during patient interviews as a neurological indicator.
Aggression on the psychiatric ward: Prevalence and risk factors. A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Weltens Irene , Bak Maarten , Verhagen Simone , Vandenberk Emma , Domen Patrick , van Amelsvoort Thérèse , Drukker Marjan
Published: October 2021

Introduction

On psychiatric wards, aggressive behaviour displayed by patients is common and problematic. Understanding factors associated with the development of aggression offers possibilities for prevention and targeted interventions. This review discusses factors that contribute to the development of aggression on psychiatric wards.

Method

In Pubmed and Embase, a search was performed aimed at: prevalence data, ward characteristics, patient and staff factors that are associated with aggressive behaviour and from this search 146 studies were included.

Results

The prevalence of aggressive behaviour on psychiatric wards varied (8–76%). Explanatory factors of aggressive behaviour were subdivided into patient, staff and ward factors. Patient risk factors were diagnosis of psychotic disorder or bipolar disorder, substance abuse, a history of aggression, younger age. Staff risk factors included male gender, unqualified or temporary staff, job strain, dissatisfaction with the job or management, burn-out and quality of the interaction between patients and staff. Staff protective factors were a good functioning team, good leadership and being involved in treatment decisions. Significant ward risk factors were a higher bed occupancy, busy places on the ward, walking rounds, an unsafe environment, a restrictive environment, lack of structure in the day, smoking and lack of privacy.

Conclusion

Despite a lack of prospective quantitative data, results did show that aggression arises from a combination of patient factors, staff factors and ward factors. Patient factors were studied most often, however, besides treatment, offering the least possibilities in prevention of aggression development. Future studies should focus more on the earlier stages of aggression such as agitation and on factors that are better suited for preventing aggression such as ward and staff factors. Management and clinicians could adapt staffing and ward in line with these results.
Prediction of recurrent stroke among ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation: Development and validation of a risk score model
Authors: Kim Beom Joon , Lee Keon-Joo , Park Eun Lyeong , Tanaka Kanta , Koga Masatoshi , Yoshimura Sohei , Itabashi Ryo , Cha Jae-Kwan , Lee Byung-Chul , Akiyama Hisanao , Nagakane Yoshinari , Lee Juneyoung , Toyoda Kazunori ,   for the SAMURAI Study Investigators, Bae Hee-Joon ,   for the CRCS-K Investigators
Published: October 2021

Background

There is currently no validated risk prediction model for recurrent events among patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Considering that the application of conventional risk scores has contextual limitations, new strategies are needed to develop such a model. Here, we set out to develop and validate a comprehensive risk prediction model for stroke recurrence in AIS patients with AF.

Methods

AIS patients with AF were collected from multicenter registries in South Korea and Japan. A developmental dataset was constructed with 5648 registered cases from both countries for the period 2011‒2014. An external validation dataset was also created, consisting of Korean AIS subjects with AF registered between 2015 and 2018. Event outcomes were collected during 1 year after the index stroke. A multivariable prediction model was developed using the Fine–Gray subdistribution hazard model with non-stroke mortality as a competing risk. The model incorporated 21 clinical variables and was further validated, calibrated, and revised using the external validation dataset.

Results

The developmental dataset consisted of 4483 Korean and 1165 Japanese patients (mean age, 74.3 ± 10.2 years; male 53%); 338 patients (6%) had recurrent stroke and 903 (16%) died. The clinical profiles of the external validation set (n = 3668) were comparable to those of the developmental dataset. The c-statistics of the final model was 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.66 ‒0.71). The developed prediction model did not show better discriminative ability for predicting stroke recurrence than the conventional risk prediction tools (CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and ATRIA).

Conclusions

Neither conventional risk stratification tools nor our newly developed comprehensive prediction model using available clinical factors seemed to be suitable for identifying patients at high risk of recurrent ischemic stroke among AIS patients with AF in this modern direct oral anticoagulant era. Detailed individual information, including imaging, may be warranted to build a more robust and precise risk prediction model for stroke survivors with AF.
Parathyroid hormone in Sri Lankan pregnant women: Vitamin D and other determinants
Authors: Kaneshapillai Anusha , Hettiaratchi Usha , Prathapan Shamini , Liyanage Guwani
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Determinants of parathyroid hormone level during pregnancy have been less frequently studied. We aimed to describe the serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its determinants in Sri Lankan pregnant women in a community setting.

Materials and methods

In this cross-sectional analysis, 390 pregnant mothers in their third trimester were enrolled from primary care centers of 15 health divisions in the Colombo District in Sri Lanka. Venous blood was analyzed for a total 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D], serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium, and alkaline phosphatase. The bone quality was assessed in terms of speed of sound (SOS) using the quantitative ultrasound scan (QUS). Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to examine the determinants of PTH concentration in blood.

Results

Median serum 25(OH)D was 17.5ng/mL. Most (61.6%) were vitamin D deficient (<20ng/mL). Median PTH was 23.7pg/mL. Only 0.8% had hyperparathyroidism (PTH >65pg/mL). The correlation between 25(OH)D and PTH was weak but significant (r = -0.197; p<0.001). SOS Z-score was below the cut-off (≤−2) in fifty-six women (14.7%), and SOS did not relate significantly to PTH. In regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D, serum calcium, body mass index, educational level, and weeks of pregnancy were significant independent variables when adjusted. The model explained 16% of the variation in the PTH level.

Conclusions

A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was observed among Sri Lankan pregnant women in the present study. Serum 25(OH)D, calcium, weeks of pregnancy, and educational level were determinants of serum PTH.
Detailing the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in Portugal—Results from a population-based cancer registry cohort study
Authors: Cardoso Borges Fábio , Ramos Adriana , Lourenço António , Gomes da Silva Maria , Miranda Ana ,   on behalf of the ROR-Sul network
Published: October 2021

Background

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common leukaemia among adults in western countries. Considering the increasing incidence and prevalence of this condition, it is highly relevant to better characterise these patients in Portugal, where data is still scarce.

Methods

To determine incidence, clinical presentation, survival and second malignancies, a population-based historical cohort study was conducted. Cases of interest were identified through the South Region Cancer Registry database and additional data sources. Patients aged ≥18 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of CLL or small lymphocytic lymphoma between January 1st, 2013 and December 31st, 2014 were included. Patients were followed‐up until death or cut-off date (December 31st, 2019).

Results

A total of 496 patients were included and median follow-up time was 5.46 years. Crude incidence rates were 5.03 and 5.22 per 100,000 inhabitants for 2013 and 2014, respectively, and age-adjusted incidence rates were 3.18:100,000 European population for 2013 and 3.35:100,000 European population for 2014. Median age at diagnosis was 71 years and the male/female ratio was 1.40. The majority of patients had leukemic presentation of the disease (86.09%), was diagnosed in Binet stage A (75.58%) and did not present B symptoms (84.01%), anaemia (haemoglobin ≤10g/dL; 90.63%) nor thrombocytopenia (platelet count ≤100 000/μL; 91.73%). Five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 70.53% (95%CI 66.31–74.34) and age, lactate dehydrogenase, Binet stage and a ≥5 Charlson comorbidity index score were independently associated with OS. Standardised-incidence ratios for any second malignancy and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma were 1.59 (95%CI 1.19–2.08) and 10.15 (95%CI 6.28–15.51), respectively.

Conclusion

Incidence, clinical presentation and survival of CLL Portuguese patients are similar to those reported for other western countries. The increased risk of second malignancies raises concerns and needs adequate clinical watchfulness.
Bawean Island Community Survival Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemics
Authors: Susilo Singgih , Istiawati Novia Fitri , Deffinika Ifan , Budijanto Budijanto
Published: October 2021

This study aims to examine the strategies and actions of the people of Bawean Island in meeting food needs during the COVID-19 pandemic by using Max Weber’s theory of action. Extracting information was carried out using participatory observation techniques and in-depth interviews and was supported by documentation and analysis using inductive use. The results showed that there were two strategies and actions, namely: saving on food needs and limiting household expenses. Saving on food needs is done by changing the consumption pattern of side dishes. People are looking for replacement side dishes, for example; People who are accustomed to consuming fresh sea fish for a week in a row, have started to replace them with tofu, tempeh and rencek fish. The savings were made because during the pandemic, the traffic flow from Bawean Island to Java (Gresik) was not smooth, causing foodstuffs to increase in price and scarcity. Restrictions on household expenditure are carried out by reducing household spending and only focusing on spending on food, health, electricity and fuel oil needs. These two strategies can save household food and shopping needs, before the pandemic it was usually IDR 150,000 to IDR 70,000-80,000 per day. Furthermore, the actions taken by the people of Bawean Island, namely continuing to work at the main job and working side jobs to increase income. People who choose to keep working in the main job feel that they cannot do anything other than survive in this job, this is done by many furniture traders and entrepreneurs who in the end, because there are no customers, are forced to use their savings for their daily needs. People who choose to work side-by-side are more based because they do not have savings funds and have to increase their income, the people who work a lot on the side in this research are the fishermen.
The Transformation of Science Communication in VUCA Era: Study of Media Startups Kok Bisa in Indonesia
Authors: Eka Putri Syora Alya , S Adnan Ricardi
Published: October 2021

This study analyzes the transformation of science communication conducted by media startups in the VUCA era in Indonesia. In the information age, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, people are increasingly dependent on educational needs. Nevertheless, there are challenges of information explosion that are too dynamic and less effective. As a result, media startups have implemented science communication innovations to open public access to science. Previous studies have acknowledged science communication models using visual literacy approaches and using narrative explanations. Therefore, the model faces significant challenges such as information uncertainty, establishing a science communication ecosystem, and ambiguity due to cultural change. Employing qualitative content analysis methods, this article found that media startups face the biggest challenges in developing science communication. On the other hand, the VUCA era can be a driving tool for media startups to conduct adaptive social transformation in the field of science communication.
APAKAH PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA SEHAT MENTAL?
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad
Published: October 2021

This study aims to describe the mental health of Indonesian migrant workers in Hong Kong. The respondents of this study were Indonesian female migrant workers who worked in domestic sectors in Hong Kong, the number of respondents in this study were 100 respondent, female Indonesia migrant workers. This study uses survey method and quantitative approach with a sampling technique aimed at criteria of minimum 1 year working period, women and working in the household or domestic sector. This research was carried out using a mental health questionnaire. Mental Health Inventory (MHI) constructed by RAND Health Insurance Experiment (Veil & Ware, 1983) 38 items that measure aspects of anxiety, depression, emotional control, affect. Data analysis using SPSS is by using description analysis and different test (T-test). Result shown that in general respondents showing a good mental health condition (81%), very good mental health condition (1%), and poor mental health condition (18%).Keywords: mental health, Indonesian migrant workers, women domestic workersAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kesehatan mental pekerja rumah tangga perempuan migran Indonesia di Hong Kong. Responden penelitian ini adalah pekerja migran perempuan Indonesia yang bekerja sebagai pekerja rumah tangga di Hong Kong, jumlah responden penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 100 orang pekerja rumah tangga perempuan asal Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan  pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik sampel bertujuan kriteria minimal masa kerja 1 tahun, perempuan dan bekerja pada sektor rumah tangga. Penelitan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat ukur kuesioner kesehatan mental Mental Health Inventory (MHI) dikontruksi oleh RAND Health Insurance Experiment (Veil & Ware, 1983) yang terdiri dari 38 item yang mengukur aspek kecemasan, depresi, kontrol emosi, afek. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS yaitu dengan menggunakan analisis deskripsi dan uji beda (T-test) dan berdasarkan hasil analisa menggunakan SPSS menunjukkan bahwa secara umum responden mengindikasikan kondisi kesehatan mental yang kurang baik (18%), baik (81%), dan sangat baik (1%). Kata kunci: Kesehatan mental, pekerja migran Indonesia, pekerja rumah tangga perempuan
Spectrum of Electrocardiographic Changes in Patients Presenting with Acute Organophosphate Compounds Poisoning
Authors: Nayak Sonali , Kurmi Roshan
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND Organophosphate compounds (OPC) are important cause of poisoning in developing countries. They are irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors and produce signs and symptoms pertaining to various organ systems via their muscarinic and nicotinic effects. The cardiac manifestations include hemodynamic instability and various arrhythmias. Here, in this study, we described various electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in patients of OPC poisoning in our population. METHODS This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at tertiary academic centre. All patients (>14 years and < 75 years) with history of OPC poisoning were included. Diagnosis was made on the basis of history and clinical features. ECG analysis of each patient was done for rate, rhythm, ST segment and T wave changes, PR and QTc interval, conduction defects and atrial and ventricular premature complexes before and after administration of atropine. RESULTS A total of 54 patients with OPC poisoning were included. The mean age was 28 ± 14.5 years. The predominant age group was < 30 years. There was female predominance with male : female ratio of 1 : 1.45. The most common ECG finding was sinus arrhythmia (tachycardia 25.9 % and bradycardia 20.4 %), followed by prolonged QTc (14.8 %), ST - T changes (11.1 %), premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) (7.4 %), prolonged PR interval (3.7 %) and atrial fibrillation (1.9 %). There was no mortality. The mean ICU and Hospital stay was three and six days respectively. CONCLUSIONS Sinus arrhythmia was the most common ECG changes followed by prolonged QTc, ST - T segment changes and PVCs in our setup. Careful observation of these ECG changes and timely intervention can prevent from sudden cardiac death in these patients. KEY WORDS Cardiac, Complications, Electrocardiogram, Organophosphates, Poisoning
Conductas sexuales de riesgo en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios argentinos: relación con consumo de sustancias, inicio sexual temprano e impulsividad rasgo
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Córdoba, Argentina, Michelini Yanina ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina, Rivarola Montejano Gabriela ,   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Córdoba, Argentina,   Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina, Pilatti Angelina ,   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Córdoba, Argentina,   Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Los adultos emergentes universitarios son particularmente vulnerables a presentar consumo abusivo de sustancias y conductas sexuales de riesgo (CSR), lo que incrementa el riesgo de contraer infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) o embarazo no deseado. Objetivo: Examinar, en universitarios, si el tipo de consumo de sustancias (alcohol versus uso concurrente de alcohol y marihuana) y el nivel de impulsividad rasgo se asocian con la frecuencia de CSR con parejas ocasionales. Método: Una muestra de 467 estudiantes completó una encuesta online que medía frecuencia de CSR, ocurrencia de consumo de alcohol y de marihuana en el último año y nivel de impulsividad. Resultados: Los consumidores de alcohol y marihuana, comparados con los consumidores de alcohol, reportaron mayor promedio de parejas sexuales al año y mayor arrepentimiento por no cuidarse contra ITS/embarazo. Los participantes con uso concurrente de sustancias, y niveles medios y altos en las facetas de impulsividad, falta de perseverancia y de premeditación, mostraron mayor frecuencia de encuentros sexuales que los consumidores de alcohol o con baja impulsividad. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que el uso concurrente de sustancias y ciertas facetas de impulsividad se asocian a una mayor frecuencia de determinadas CSR. Esta información podría ser útil para intervenir preventivamente en CSR en universitarios argentinos.
Characterizing preclinical sub‐phenotypic models of acute respiratory distress syndrome: An experimental ovine study
Authors: Millar Jonathan E. , Wildi Karin , Bartnikowski Nicole , Bouquet Mahe , Hyslop Kieran , Passmore Margaret R. , Ki Katrina K. , See Hoe Louise E. , Obonyo Nchafatso G. , Neyton Lucile , Pedersen Sanne , Rozencwajg Sacha , Baillie J. Kenneth , Li Bassi Gianluigi , Suen Jacky Y. , McAuley Daniel F. , Fraser John F.
Published: October 2021

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) describes a heterogenous population of patients with acute severe respiratory failure. However, contemporary advances have begun to identify distinct sub‐phenotypes that exist within its broader envelope. These sub‐phenotypes have varied outcomes and respond differently to several previously studied interventions. A more precise understanding of their pathobiology and an ability to prospectively identify them, may allow for the development of precision therapies in ARDS. Historically, animal models have played a key role in translational research, although few studies have so far assessed either the ability of animal models to replicate these sub‐phenotypes or investigated the presence of sub‐phenotypes within animal models. Here, in three ovine models of ARDS, using combinations of oleic acid and intravenous, or intratracheal lipopolysaccharide, we investigated the presence of sub‐phenotypes which qualitatively resemble those found in clinical cohorts. Principal Component Analysis and partitional clustering identified two clusters, differentiated by markers of shock, inflammation, and lung injury. This study provides a first exploration of ARDS phenotypes in preclinical models and suggests a methodology for investigating this phenomenon in future studies.
Sulfate homeostasis in Atlantic salmon is associated with differential regulation of salmonid‐specific paralogs in gill and kidney
Authors: Takvam Marius , Denker Elsa , Gharbi Naouel , Kryvi Harald , Nilsen Tom O.
Published: October 2021

Sulfate () regulation is challenging for euryhaline species as they deal with large fluctuations of during migratory transitions between freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW), while maintaining a stable plasma concentration. Here, we investigated the regulation and potential role of sulfate transporters in Atlantic salmon during the preparative switch from uptake to secretion. A preparatory increase in kidney and gill sodium/potassium ATPase (Nka) enzyme activity during smolt development indicate preparative osmoregulatory changes. In contrast to gill Nka activity a transient decrease in kidney Nka after direct SW exposure was observed and may be a result of reduced glomerular filtration rates and tubular flow through the kidney. In silico analyses revealed that Atlantic salmon genome comprises a single slc13a1 gene and additional salmonid‐specific duplications of slc26a1 and slc26a6a, leading to new paralogs, namely the slc26a1a and ‐b, and slc26a6a1 and ‐a2. A kidney‐specific increase in slc26a6a1 and slc26a1a during smoltification and SW transfer, suggests an important role of these sulfate transporters in the regulatory shift from absorption to secretion in the kidney. Plasma in FW smolts was 0.70 mM, followed by a transient increase to 1.14 ± 0.33 mM 2 days post‐SW transfer, further decreasing to 0.69 ± 0.041 mM after 1 month in SW. Our findings support the vital role of the kidney in excretion through the upregulated slc26a6a1, the most likely secretory transport candidate in fish, which together with the slc26a1a transporter likely removes excess , and ultimately enable the regulation of normal plasma levels in SW.
How to derive allomorphy: a case study from Czech
Authors: Ziková Markéta , Faltýnková Michaela
Published: October 2021

The paper discusses a three-way allomorphic pattern of neuter-gender stems in Czech. We argue that there are two surface alternations involved in the three-stem pattern, i.e.a-eandt-zero, and that the two alternations are driven by two distinct mechanisms, i.e. suppletion and regular phonological computation respectively. We postulate two suppletive stem-building suffixes that are lexically connected via the Nanosyntactic tool of pointers. We argue that the defaulta-initial suffix spells out the neuter gender and its suppletivee-initial variant is a portmanteau morpheme of the (neuter) gender and (singular) number. We further propose that the suppletive suffix is stored with a floating consonant that does not surface word-finally due to regular phonological computation.
Application of the TEWI Methodology to a Desiccant Cooling System Interacting with a Microcogenerator
Authors: Angrisani Giovanni , Rossi Filippo de , Roselli Carlo , Sasso Maurizio
Published: October 2021

Desiccant cooling systems, supplied by fossil or renewable fuels, represent a very interesting alternative to conventional electric units based on cooling dehumidification for air conditioning purposes, as they can achieve significant energy and emissions savings. The analysis of environmental impact of energy conversion devices, e.g. in terms of global warming effect, is usually limited to energy-related emissions (indirect contribution), neglecting direct greenhouse gas emissions related to working fluids, such as refrigerants. The Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) is a more comprehensive methodology, as it takes into account both direct and an indirect contributions to global warming. In this paper, this method is applied to a small scale trigeneration system, in which a microcogenerator, a chiller and a boiler interact with a hybrid desiccant-based cooling system, equipped with a silica-gel desiccant wheel. This trigeneration system is compared with other two systems, in order to assess its potentiality in terms of TEWI reduction. The different direct and indirect contributions of the several equipment are evaluated, and the share of the direct contribution is investigated, considering both the overall TEWI of the complete system, and that of the electric vapour compression device only. Finally, the effect of the greenhouse gas emissions of the electricity production mix and of different values of the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the refrigerant fluid on the overall TEWI of the three compared systems is investigated.
Energetic Analysis in a Spray Drying Process
Authors: Alex Notaroberto Madeira  , Carlos Alberto Chaves  , Wendell de Queiróz Lamas
Published: October 2021

The present work aims in evaluate the installation of an equipment of spray drying, by psychrometry technique, analyse the power sources consumption and relates with the productivity of the equipment, by energy auditory. This work consists in comparing the evaporation capacity of a 750 kg/h of water spray dryer and the amount of water that comes from atmospheric air, where the equipment consumes 160 kWh and 80 kg of LGP/h. Therefore, this work demonstrates that to project a spray dryer it must be analysed these water mass values in atmospheric air and be contemplated a dehumidifier in order to prevent so significant and different losses in different periods of the same day.
Modelling a subregular bias in phonological learning with Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Prickett Brandon
Published: October 2021

A number of experiments have demonstrated what seems to be a bias in human phonological learning for patterns that are simpler according to Formal Language Theory (Finley and Badecker 2008; Lai 2015; Avcu 2018). This paper demonstrates that a sequence-to-sequence neural network (Sutskever et al. 2014), which has no such restriction explicitly built into its architecture, can successfully capture this bias. These results suggest that a bias for patterns that are simpler according to Formal Language Theory may not need to be explicitly incorporated into models of phonological learning.
Efficiency of use of prebiotics based on manane oligosaccharides in carp feeding
Authors:   Lviv Research Station of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Velykyj Lubin, Dobryanska О.
Published: October 2021

Purpose. Analysis of productive and economic indicators in the cultivation of age-1+ carp as a result of the use of prebiotics based on mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) in feeding. Methodology. Four ponds were used, two of which were experimental and two control ponds, which were stocked with age-1 scaly carp with an average weight of 76–77 g at a stocking density of 2200 specimens/ha. Fish of Experiment 1 and Control 1 were fed with extruded feed with a protein content of 23%, fish in Experiment 2 and Control 2 were fed with a grain mixture with a protein content of 19%. 0.05% prebiotic based on MOS "Actigen" was added to the diet of experimental groups of carp throughout the growing season. Optimal conditions for carp farming were ensured including control over oxygen, hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes in ponds, which were measured according to the generally accepted methods in fish farming. Fishery and economic indicators of growing age-1+ were determined after harvesting fish in autumn. Findings. Major hydrochemical parameters in all ponds were within the normative values. The average seasonal biomass of forage organisms of zooplankton and zoobenthos during the growing season did not differ in the experimental ponds and amounted to 10.33-16.23 g/m3 and 1.23-2.96 g/m3. A positive effect of the use of prebiotics based on MOS in the feeding of age-1+ carp was established. When the prebiotic was given as a part of the extruded feed, the average weight of fish was higher by 11.5%, and fish productivity by 22.7% relative to the control group, while the cost of feed for cultivation was lower by 20%. When it was added to the grain mixture, these values were higher by 12.9%, 16.3% and 16.7%, respectively. The profit, as a result of the use of the prebiotic based on MOS in the composition of the extruded feed increased by 43.3% compared to Control 1, and by 19.1% compared to Control 2 when it was added to the grain mixture. Originality. For the first time, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of the prebiotic based on MOS in the composition of extruded feed and grain mixtures was performed taking into account productivity and economic indicators. Practical value. The obtained results indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of prebiotics based on MOS in the feeding of age-1+ carp. Introduction of experimental additives to feeds of different composition helps to obtain additional growth and increase the economic component in the cultivation of carp to marketable condition. Key words: carp, prebiotic, feed, productivity, efficiency, profit hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators.
Babaların İş Ortamı ve Depresyon Seviyesi Arasındaki İlişkide İş-Aile Çatışmasının Rolü
Authors: AKÇİNAR YAYLA Berna , ÖZBEK Ebru , YOLA ÇETİN İrem
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2-6 yaşları arasında çocuğu olan evli ve eşi ve kendileri çalışan babaların, çalışma koşullarının, deneyimledikleri iş-aile çatışmasının ve algıladıkları kurumsal desteğin depresyon düzeyleri ile olan ilişkisini incelemektir. Çalışma kapsamında, hafta içi çalışma süreleri ve algılanan kurumsal destek ile depresyon arasındaki ilişkide iş-aile çatışmasının aracı rolü de araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesi, makro seviyedeki faktörlerden mikro seviyedeki aile içi ilişkilere kadar bireyin nasıl etkilendiğini açıklayan, yani, çevre-aile-birey ilişkisini en iyi şekilde açıklayan Ekolojik Sistemler Kuramı ve Aile Sistemleri Kuramının bir sentezi ile oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın örneklemi tabakalı örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiş 2-6 yaşları arasında çocuğu olan evli ve çalışan 300 babadan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri, babaların çalışma şartlarını, iş-aile çatışmasını, algıladıkları kurumsal desteği ve depresyon düzeylerini kendilerinin ölçekler aracılığıyla raporladığı nicel yöntemlerle elde edilmiştir. Aracı etki analizi MPLUS programında yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda (i) babaların deneyimledikleri iş-aile çatışmasının, babaların hafta içi çalışma süreleri ve depresyon düzeyleri ile pozitif, iş yerinden algıladıkları kurumsal destek ile ise negatif yönde ilişkili olduğu; (ii) çalışma saatleri ve iş-aile çatışması yüksek olan babaların depresyon belirtileri gösterme olasılığının yüksek olduğu; (iii) hafta içi çalışma süreleri ve algılanan kurumsal destek ile depresyon arasındaki ilişkide iş-aile çatışmasının aracı rolü üstlendiği bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın, küçük yaşta çocuğu olan, çalışan, geleneksel cinsiyet rol ve tutumlarının baskın olduğu toplumda yaşayan erkeklerin iş hayatlarına bağlı sorunlarının özetlenmesi ve iş-aile dengesinin sağlanması ve çalışma durumlarının iyileşmesi için var olması gereken unsurların tespiti açısından oldukça önemli katkıları olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Коррозионностойкие стали в аддитивном производстве
Authors: Kolmakov А. G , Ivannikov А. Yu. , Kaplan М. А. , Kirsankin А. А. , Sevost’yanov М. A.
Published: October 2021

This review discusses the main methods for producing spherical powder particles of corrosion-resistant steels as a material widely used in all industries. Also the examples of products made by modern additive methods are described. Currently, spherical powder particles of corrosion-resistant steels are used in the following additive methods: selective laser melting, selective laser sintering, direct laser sintering, and electron beam melting. Each of these methods has its own requirements for the characteristics of spherical powder particles of corrosion-resistant steels. The  review provides a brief description of the principles of operation of each method and the requirements for spherical powder particles of corrosion-resistant steels. It also considers a detailed description of each method of additive manufacturing with a description of the principle of operation and specific examples of obtaining spherical particles of corrosion-resistant steel powders with indication of their properties (morphology, structural features, chemical composition, fluidity, bulk density). A comparative analysis was carried out with a description of disadvantages and advantages of each method. Examples of the use of spherical particles of corrosion-resistant steel powders for the manufacture of products by various additive methods (including post-processing) are given with description of the final products characteristics. Based on the data presented, a conclusion was made about the preferred methods for obtaining spherical particles of corrosion-resistant steel powders for specific additive methods used in modern industry. The review considers the following methods for producing spherical powder particles: water atomization (atomization of liquid metal with a jet of water under pressure); gas atomization (atomization of the melt with a jet of inert gas (argon or nitrogen) under pressure); centrifugal atomization (atomization of molten metal with a high-speed rotating disc); ultrasonic atomization (atomization of liquid metal by ultrasound); non-contact atomization (atomization of liquid metal with a powerful pulse of electric current); plasma wire spraying; plasma spraying of a rotating electrode; plasma spheroidization.
Modification of steel surface layer by electroslag surfacing using compounds with high melting point
Authors: Saraev Yu. N. , Bezborodov V. Р. , Perovskaya М. V. , Semenchuk V. М.
Published: October 2021

The authors have studied the effect of alloying on the structure, microhardness and abrasive wear resistance of electroslag surfacing layers on low-alloy structural steel 09G2S. For modification, mixtures of Si3 N4   +  FeSi2   +  Si powders obtained in the Department of Structural Macrokinetics of  the Tomsk Scientific Centre SB RAS by the method of SHS synthesis, as well as powder compositions based on TiC, were used. A molten electrode was made of low-alloy steel St3, on which modifying compositions Si3 N4   +  FeSi2   +  Si were poured out, in the first case, and modifying compositions  Si3 N4   +  FeSi2   +  Si, located below, in the second case. Metallography and X-ray microanalysis methods were used to determine the structure and  to  analyze the composition of the deposited layers, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the base metal, on the basis of which assumptions were made about  the nature of the formation of coating properties – hardness and wear resistance. It is shown that the main influence on the wear resistance is exerted  by structure of the surfacing metal. There is a positive effect of modifying coatings by alloying materials with the alloys Si3 N4   +  FeSi2   +  Si  +  St3  and TiC  +  St3. In the molten layer, many new crystallization centers are released in the form of dispersed TiC particles. Dispersed TiC particles with  a  high melting point (3180  °C) are the first to fall out of the melt and not only serve as multiple crystallization centers, but also prevent the growth of  austenitic grains, which ensures the formation of dispersed structure. The coatings contain TiC carbide particles, as well as inclusions of other phases. At the same time, an increase in hardness of the deposited layer containing titanium carbide inclusions is observed in direction of the boundary with the base. Wear resistance of the layer increases when a TiC-based coating is formed. The obtained data can be used to create deposited layers on the metal surface with high resistance against abrasive wear.
Effect of deep-litter floor and battery cages system on the feed consumption and egg production rate of commercial Layers
Authors: Nura El Dikeir Kogoor , Jumma B Jadalla , Mahmoud Fadlelmoula Bakhit , Idris Adam Idris , Mohammed Alhadi Ebrahiem
Published: October 2021

This study was designed to determine the effects of deep litter floor and battery cages housing system on layer feed consumption and egg production rate. Thirty two commercial hybrid layers (hyline) of 10 months production age were randomly selected and distributed equally in four deep litter ground cages, and thirty (hyline) layers were kept in battery cages, which consisted of triple deck cages, provided with automatic nipple watering system and front trough feeders. During the experimental period there were slight changes in live body weight, it was about -0.01 kg in deep litter and about 0.04 kg in battery cages system. Layers housed in deep litter system significantly consumed more feed compared to that kept in battery cages except at first week, and best averages of feed conversion ratios were calculated for layers housed in deep litter than that kept in battery cages, differences were significant for second, third, fourth and fifth weeks of experimental period. Egg production rate were significantly different in layers housed in deep litter system through the production period except the first weeks.
Food safety knowledge, attitudes, and eating behavior under the global coronavirus pandemic v1
Authors: Liu Zhe
Published: October 2021

The objective of this lab protocol was to evaluate the relationships among food safety knowledge, attitude and eating behavior of consumers during lockdowns in the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 157 respondents completed the online survey using a structured questionnaire worldwide. Overall, the respondents exhibited good attitude and good knowledge towards public health including food safety especially on the importance of social distancing, mask wearing, well-balanced diet, physical exercise and personal hygiene, such as hand washing during the pandemic lockdowns. A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was established to test the relationships among food safety knowledge, attitude and behavior under the pandemic conditions. Results showed that attitude towards food safety under the coronavirus pandemic and lockdowns positively affected the eating behavior of the respondents, which exhibited a high β (0.686) among the variables tested (p<0.05). Food safety knowledge was apparently not affected by the food safety behavior of the respondents.
Predictors Of Left Ventricular Apical Thrombus Formation in Patients With Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction and Treated Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Importance of Syntax Score
Authors: YILMAZ Mahmut , BALLI Mehmet , GÜR Mustafa
Published: October 2021

Aim: Left ventricular (LV) apical thrombus development is one of the important advers event patients with anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and accompanies with LV apical aneurysm and systolic dysfunction. SYNTAX score is an important determinant of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. We aimed that the relationship between LV apical thrombus and SYNTAX score and other clinical risk factors patients with anterior STEMI

Methods: A total of 205 consecutive anterior STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI (35 female/ 170 male mean age: 55.8 ± 9.6 years) were included in our study. We assessed the severity and complexity of coronary artery disease by using SYNTAX score. The patients were divided into two groups; patients with apical thrombus (n=19) and patients without apical thrombus(n=186).

Results: We found that systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lower patients with apical thrombus groups. (p<0.001 for both). Syntax score was higher and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) is lower in patients with apical thrombus (p<0.001 for both). We also showed that LV apical thrombus formation was independently associated with lower systolic blood pressure (p=0.006), SYNYAX score (p=0.003), and depressed LVEF (p=0.001).

Conclusion: In this study, impaired LVEF, lower systolic blood pressure and SYNTAX score have been found to be predictors of LV thrombus generation. Patients presenting with anterior myocardial infarction who have high SYNTAX scores (> 18.25) at PPCI should be followed up closely.
Expanding the phenotype of GNAO1 related movement disorders: Two cases with mild phenotypes.
Authors: Abu Libdeh Amal , Chang Albert
Published: October 2021

Background: Pathogenic variants in the GNAO1 gene have been previously linked to severe epileptic encephalopathy, severe progressive movement disorders, developmental delay, and intellectual disability.

Method: report of 2 cases.

Results: we present 2 unrelated girls, an 18-year-old, and a 4.5-year-old, with mild phenotypes. While each was noted early on to have hypotonia, failure to thrive, and developmental delay, they both have made significant progress with various therapeutic interventions. Neither have had any developmental regression, seizures or choreoathetosis.

Conclusion: these 2 cases further expand the phenotype spectrum of GNAO1 mutations, which is important for counseling and to help guide management plans.