bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Selenium on Triglyceride and Total Cholesterol, Weight Gain, and Physical Activity on Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Atapour Abdolamir , Vahdat Sahar , Hosseini Mohsen , Mohamadian Hamed
Published: May 2024

Background:

End-stage renal disease is one of the most important chronic diseases. Selenium is one of the so-called rare elements which are essential for our body functions. Here, we aimed to investigate and the effects of selenium supplement therapy on weight gain, physical activity, and triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol in patients under hemodialysis.

Methods:

The current study is a double-blinded clinical trial performed on patients with ESRD under hemodialysis in 2019. In the beginning, serum selenium levels were assessed. All patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was under treatments with tablets of selenium 400 μg. Patients received selenium tablets three times after each hemodialysis session (3 times a week) and the other group received placebo tablets. 3 months after the beginning of the study, blood selenium levels, TG and total cholesterol, and weight and physical activities of patients were evaluated again and compared with the beginning.

Results:

A total of 78 patients were included. Serum selenium levels at the beginning of our study were 40.06 ± 8.50 in the intervention group and 45.00 ± 8.16 in control groups. Selenium levels and physical activities of patients were increased significantly in intervention group compared to baseline (P < 0.001 for both). Weight, physical activity, total cholesterol, and TG in both intervention and control groups did not change significantly after interventions (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

We showed that selenium supplement therapies have beneficial effects in patients under hemodialysis. Furthermore, we showed that selenium supplement therapies have positive effects on serum selenium levels but no effects on total cholesterol and TG.
Pramlintide
Authors: Safaeian Leila , Shafiee Fatemeh , Naderi Marzieh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Oxidative stress has a prominent role in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. Pramlintide is an injectional amylin analogue used for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The present investigation evaluated the effect of pramlintide against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Methods:

Cell viability was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. Hydroperoxides level, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and expression of transcription factor NF-κB were measured in HUVECs that pretreated with pramlintide and, then exposed to H2O2.

Results:

Pramlintide significantly decreased the cytotoxicity caused by H2O2 at the concentrations of 5 and 10 μg/mL. Pretreatment of HUVECs with pramlintide reduced hydroperoxides and increased FRAP value in intra- and extra-cellular mediums at different concentration ranges compared with H2O2 stimulated cells. Pramlintide (10 μg/mL) remarkably ameliorated the expression of NF-κB gene after 1, 3 and 24 h exposure to H2O2.

Conclusions:

Findings of the current investigation displayed that pramlintide may act as a protective against oxidative conditions in endothelial cells through modulation of oxidative markers and transcription factor NF-κB.
The Prevention of Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Ashrafi Farzaneh , Mortazavi Mojgan , Nematbakhsh Mehdi
Published: May 2024

Backgrounds:

Most of the cancer patients with solid tumor are subjected to chemotherapy with cisplatin (CP) in clinic. However, the most side effect of CP is nephrotoxicity, which limits the treatment. The aim of study was to develop a general consensus statement for CP therapy in clinic to limit the drug-induced nephrotoxicity.

Methods:

A total of 30 oncologist-hematologists, adult and pediatric nephrologists, radiation oncologists, clinical pathologist clinical pharmacologist, and renal physiologist participated in a workshop, and in order to reduce the incidence of CP-induced nephrotoxicity, a general consensus was developed.

Results:

The developed general consensus was focused on some items such as age, sex, female hormone, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), renin–angiotensin system inhibitor drugs, glomerular filtration rate, hydration methods, contrasts, antioxidants, dextrose, and magnesium.

Conclusion:

The agreement between participants for CP therapy in clinic was achieved, and this general consensus was announced to be implemented in the hospitals.
The Value Framework Governing Iran's Health System Policy
Authors: Shams Lida , Yazdani Shahram , Nasiri Taha
Published: May 2024

Background:

The value framework governing the health system can guide the policymaking. This study presents a set of values governing the health policies for adopting policies that are in harmony with the ideology of Iran.

Methods:

This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, using the qualitative approach, Shams et al. framework was adopted to identify values. Identification of health-related national documents (nine documents) was performed purposefully. In the next phase, semi-structured interviews on individual experts in the health system were carried out. The key question was “What values and principles govern the health policy system?” Participants included 15 individuals. Both phases were analyzed based on qualitative content analysis.

Results:

In this study, a taxonomy of values governing policymaking is presented. Results show that equity in different dimensions, comprehensive health and a healthy human being, pioneering in health in the region, and accountability are the most important terminal vaqlues. Individual responsibility, government responsibility for health, endogenous and extrinsic economics, fair access, transparency, efficiency, quality and integrity in the supply, development and fair allocation of public health resources, and professional commitment are the most important instrumental values in Iran. Participants believed that, despite the many higher-order documents available, the health system policymaking was not based on a predetermined value.

Conclusions:

It is not enough to provide a set of values in upstream documents for implementation. It is necessary to specify the relative weight of the reference values in policymaking and their relation to each other in order to apply them in policymaking.
Healthy Dietary Pattern Reduces Risk of Gallstones
Authors: Naseri Kaveh , Saadati Saeede , Asadzadeh-Aghdaei Hamid , Hekmatdoost Azita , Sadeghi Amir , Sobhani Seyyed Reza , Abhari Khadijeh , Bahrami Alireza , Rahimi_Sakak Fatemeh , Jamshidfar Negin , Zali Mohammadreza
Published: May 2024

Background:

Nutrition-related factors have been of great interest as one of risk factors of biliary stones. This study evaluated the association of dietary patterns with biliary stone among Iranians.

Methods:

This is a hospital-based case-control study, which was conducted in a general hospital in Tehran, Iran. A total of 110 patients with gallstone or common bile duct (CBD) stone confirmed by Ultrasonography within the last 6 months before collecting data were recruited. Controls were age-matched patients admitted to the other wards of the same hospital for a broad spectrum of disorders including traumas and orthopedic conditions, or elective surgeries, or throat/ear/nose disease and had no gallbladder disorders, participated in this study. We used a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intakes of participants. Dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis.

Results:

By design, age was similar in both groups (57.66 ± 16.39 years vs. 56.00 ± 10.64 years in cases and controls, respectively). Two dietary patterns were extracted; “Unhealthy” (high consumption of artificial juice, processed meats, refined grains, sweets and desserts, pickles, snacks, and red meats), and “Healthy” (high consumption of vegetable oils, vegetables, fruits, fish, legumes, and nuts, as well as low consumption of hydrogenated fats and salt). Participants in the highest tertile of “Healthy” dietary pattern were significantly less likely to have the gallstones disease (OR: 0.33, 95% CI = 0.120.89) compared to the reference group (low tertile of “Healthy” dietary pattern) (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

High consumption of vegetable oils, vegetables, fruits, fish, legumes, and nuts, as well as low consumption of hydrogenated fats and salt in context of healthy dietary pattern are inversely associated with risk of gallstones.
COVID-19 Countermeasures
Authors: Izadi David , Da Silva Egidio J. , Banwell Miles E. , Wallace Christopher G.
Published: May 2024

We describe a visual algorithm to help prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contagion as well as manage COVID-19 disease according to categories of clinical severity. The algorithm is timely, with multiple countries worldwide declaring repeat surges in SARS-CoV-2 infections following the easing of lockdown measures. Its flowchart assimilates key effective interventions in a visual manner that will assist healthcare workers to manage COVID-19 disease algorithmically, and policymakers to suppress further SARS-CoV-2 waves. Importantly, we include the innovative use of topical p-menthane-3,8-diol spray by the British Army for COVID-19 Support Force personnel, which in light of its coronavirucidal properties, deserves wider dissemination. This algorithm has the potential to be updated as numerous studies are concluded globally.
The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Circulating Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
Authors: Agh Fahimeh , Hasani Motahareh , Khazdouz Maryam , Amiri Fatemehsadat , Heshmati Javad , Aryaeian Naheed
Published: May 2024

Background:

There are randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the zinc supplementation effect on circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, the findings of these studies are inconsistent. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the zinc supplementation effect on BDNF and zinc levels in published RCTs.

Methods:

We searched PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, “Clinicaltrials.gov”, “Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials”, “IRCT” and also key journals up to 2019. RCTs with two intervention (zinc) and control (placebo) groups that evaluated zinc supplementation efficacy on BDNF levels were included. Study heterogeneity was assessed, and then, meta-analysis was performed using the fixed-effects model.

Results:

Four studies were included in the present secondary analysis. Compared with placebo, zinc supplementation significantly enhanced circulating levels of BDNF [(SMD): 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.22, 0.61)] and zinc [(SMD): 0.88, 95% CI: (0.54, 1.22)] with no considerable heterogeneity among the studies [(Q = 3.46; P = 0.32; I2% = 13.4); (Q = 2.01; P = 0, 37; I2% = 0.5), respectively].

Conclusions:

Our results propose that zinc supplementation can increase the circulating levels of BDNF and zinc. This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020149513.
Diagnostic Value of Fecal Calprotectin in Children with Gastritis, Duodenitis and Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: Rafeey Mandana , Nikmanesh Pardis , Javadzadeh Farshad
Published: May 2024

Background:

Fecal calprotectin (FC) is suggested as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases; however, few studies have investigated its diagnostic value for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Therefore, the current study evaluated the level of FC and its diagnostic value in patients with H. Pylori and its related conditions including gastritis and duodenitis.

Methods:

In this case-control study, 120 children with upper GI symptoms, who were indicated to undergo upper GI endoscopic examination, were consecutively included. Patients were categorized into different groups based on their endoscopic findings including H. pylori, gastritis, duodenitis or normal.

Results:

Patients with gastritis (P = 0.014) and those with duodenitis (P < 001) had significantly higher FC. The level of FC was higher in patients with H. pylori but this difference was marginally significant (P = 0.054). The level of FC had poor ability to diagnose the presence of H. pylori (P = 0.054) and gastritis (area under the curve, AUC = 0.639, P = 0.014). However, it had acceptable power to diagnose patients with or duodenitis (AUC = 0.718, P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of FC for diagnosis of gastritis were 64 and 65 percent (cut-off = 45.2 μg/g), and for duodenitis were 77 and 61 percent (cut-off = 46.2 μg/g), respectively.

Conclusions:

FC can be considered as an objective and diagnostic tool for duodenitis. However, due to the low sensitivity and specificity, it is suggested to consider it as an objective supplementary test beside other established diagnostic modalities.
Spatial Cluster Analysis of Stomach Neoplasms in the Center of Iran Based on a Population-Based Study, 2009-2014
Authors: Moradzadeh Rahmatollah , Shamsi Mohsen , Heidari Saeed
Published: May 2024

Background:

A better understanding of the spatial pattern of stomach cancer can be helpful in the implementation of preventive strategies. This study is one of the first studies to establish a study unit based on the smallest possible size for cluster analysis. This study includes a novel evaluation of spatial differences in different geographical areas of Arak. The present study seeks to discover the spatial clusters of stomach cancer from 2009 to 2014 in Arak.

Methods:

All of the addresses of the stomach cancer cases were geocoded. After that, the number of stomach cancer cases in each census block was calculated to be entered in the SaTScan software. A discrete Poisson-based probability model was used to analyze this cluster.

Results:

In Arak, there are 5502 census blocks with a population of about 526,182. The number of identified and registered stomach cancer cases with an acceptable residence address was 392. Totally, 11 stomach cancer clusters were established in the area of Arak, from these; two clusters were detected statistically significant. Relative risks of the first and second clusters were 1.75 (P = 0.01) and 17.60 (P = 0.04) and those are located within the radius of 1.73 and 0.085 km, respectively.

Conclusions:

Our results have confirmed that two areas are at a higher risk than others. However, based on the results of this study, community-based interventions in certain geographical areas can be designed to reduce and control the incidence of stomach cancer.
Impact of Skip Generation Family Structure on Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Outcomes at a Primary Care Unit in Khon Kaen Province
Authors: Teprungsirikul Kittima , Luvira Varisara
Published: May 2024

Background:

Self-care is an essential component of diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment and often depends heavily on family support. In skip generation families, children's grandparents are their primary caretakers, many of whom have chronic diseases such as DM. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of DM patients receiving treatment at a primary care unit in Khon Kaen Province in the skip generation families and the effects of this family structure on clinical indicators of treatment outcomes.

Methods:

This was a prospective descriptive study in DM patients who visited a primary care unit in Khon Kaen Province from July to October 2019. Patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire interviewed, and demographic and clinical data were analyzed.

Results:

This study included 202 participants. We found that 11.4% of patients were in skip generation families, 91.3% of whom were elderly. We found no statistically significant association between family structure and either self-care practices or clinical indicators of treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

Neither clinical indicators of treatment outcomes nor self-care practices differed between DM patients in skip generation families and those with other family structures. However, additional studies should be conducted to examine other possible factors, such as the age of the grandchildren of whom patients are the primary caretakers.
The Effect of Water-Pipe and Cigarette Smoking on Exhaled Nitric Oxide
Authors: Mehrparvar Amir Houshang , Ghanbari Laleh , Mirmohammadi Seyyed Jalil , Zare Sakhvidi Mohammad Javad , Vakili Mahmood , Davari Mohammad Hossein , Mirzaei Masoud
Published: May 2024

Context:

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide can be used as a biomarker of some respiratory diseases.

Aims:

This study was conducted to compare exhaled nitric oxide in cigarette and water-pipe smokers with nonsmokers.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 549 adult subjects as a sub-study of Shahedieh cohort in Yazd. Participants were divided into 5 groups according to their smoking habits: non-smokers (n = 202), cigarette smokers (n = 121), water-pipe smokers (n = 129), cigarette ex-smokers (n = 58), water-pipe and cigarette smokers (n = 39). The smokers were also categorized into heavy and light smokers. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide was compared between the groups.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data were analyzed by SPSS (ver. 20) using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results:

Fractional exhaled NO was lower in all smokers than nonsmokers, but cigarette smokers showed the least level of NO than other groups. Fractional exhaled NO was not significantly lower in water-pipe smokers than nonsmokers.

Conclusions:

Cigarette smoking significantly affect fractional exhaled NO, but water-pipe smoking did not significantly affect exhaled NO level.
The Relationship between Screening Markers in the First Trimester of Pregnancy and Chromosome Aberrations
Authors: Mirsafaie Maryam , Moghaddam-Banaem Lida , Kheirollahi Majid
Published: May 2024

Background:

This study was designed and performed to investigate the relationship between fetal chromosome aberrations and screening markers in the first trimester of pregnancy in order to prevent the birth of infants with chromosome aberrations with early prenatal diagnosis.

Methods:

We conducted an analytic cross-sectional study on result of chromosomal culture of 762 pregnant women with high-risk combined screening test from December 2018 to June 2020 and analyzed by SPSS program.

Results:

There was a significant relationship between chromosome structural abnormalities with free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (free β-hCG) values equal to and higher than 1.5 multiples of the median (MoM) (P: 0.05). The highest incidence of disorder in number of chromosomes with abnormal nuchal translucency (NT) percentiles (≥99%) was seen (P < 0.001). It also shows that the cumulative number of chromosome aberrations of 25 (78.12%) occurred in individuals with a NT less than 99th percentile and at the same time a risk of 1/50≤ risk <1/10.

Discussion:

According to the results, Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) array method is recommended to detect structural abnormalities in chromosomes in samples with NT ≥3.5. In addition, it is noteworthy that chromosomal structural abnormalities occur in free β-hCG ≥1.5 MoM.

Conclusion:

Due to the frequency of chromosomal structural disorders and its effect on the incidence of fetal abnormalities, the study of chromosomal structural disorders is recommended.
Purification of Ambient Air by Novel Green Plant with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Salama Khaled F. , Zafar Mubashir
Published: May 2024

Background:

Indoor air pollution is an important environmental health problem. Nanotechnology is one of the most important methods to reduce the indoor air pollution. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is generally accepted as one of the most effective photoinduced catalysts. It is frequently used to oxidize organic and inorganic compounds in the air due to its strong oxidative ability and long-term photostability. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of nanotechnology in the purification of ambient air by using Saudi myrtle plants treated with TiO2.

Methods:

Experiments were conducted in two academic departments of the laboratories at the Public Sector University. Concentration of formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and other toxic gases was measured in the environment of the laboratories. Myrtus plant was growing in the growth media which contained TiO2. After 8 hours of exposure of the plant, concentration of NO2, SO2 and other toxic pollutant gases in the air was measured. The total duration of the experiment was 4 days.

Results:

It was found that the levels of formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other pollutants were significantly reduced the concentration from 10% to 98% in the air. After intervention, air containing the concentration of formaldehyde, TVOCs, NO2 SO2 and carbon monoxide (CO) on the fourth day reduced from 0.251, 401, 0.032, 0.009 and 0.99 to 0.014, 54,0.0003, 0.003 and 0.01 after exposure of Myrtus plant to ambient air.

Conclusions:

Significant reduction of air pollutants in the air after application of TiO2 in the green plant (Myrtus communis). It is a novel approach and economically feasible for purification of indoor air.
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Amra Babak , Shafiei Amin , Soltaninejad Forogh , Asgari Abdollah , Farajzadegan Ziba
Published: May 2024

Background:

There was the association between the metabolic syndrome (MS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Also, the genetic factors have been implicated in the OSA. Our aim was to compare the frequency of MS in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of OSA patients with healthy controls.

Methods:

39 FDR (parents, siblings, and children) of patients diagnosed with OSA at Bamdad Respiratory and Research Center as cases and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the current case–control pilot study. The sampling method was convenience sampling based on having inclusion criteria and consent to participate in the study. Demographic characteristics and essential criteria for diagnosing MS included blood pressure, anthropometric [weight (kg), height (cm), waist circumference (cm) and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2)], and biochemical indices (lipid profile and blood glucose) were assessed based on standard protocols.

Results:

In the comparison of the demographic and clinical characteristics of two39 cases and control groups, weight and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in case group than controls (P < 0.05). Case and control groups were not significantly different in the frequency of MS (P > 0.05). Although, the frequency of hypertension as an important cardiovascular risk factor was higher in cases than controls (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The present study demonstrates that the frequency of MS is not significantly different between FDRs of OSA patients and controls. However, further large-scale studies are warranted to detect the frequency of MS in people with hereditary background for OSA compared to general population.
Serum Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance and hs-CRP in Patients with Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Authors: Shirzad Nooshin , Taghvaee Mahdieh , Ferns Gordon A. , Qorbani Mostafa , Hemmatabadi Mahboobeh , Mobarra Naser
Published: May 2024

Background:

Oxidative stress (OS) is caused by an imbalance between prooxidant substance production and antioxidant defense. OS is involved in physiologic interactions in the body and the pathogenesis of various disorders. This study aimed to evaluate serum prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) as a selective prooxidant, antioxidant defense, and acute phase reactant protein in patients with subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism.

Methods:

This case-control study was conducted in three groups including clinical hypothyroidism (32 patients), subclinical hypothyroidism, (42 cases), and healthy controls (32 individuals). This study was performed in the Endocrine Clinic of Arash Training and Research Hospital, Tehran, 2017. In the study groups, thyroid hormones including T4 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, PAB, and hs-CRP as inflammatory markers were measured and compared between the groups.

Results:

Among 106 participants, 95.3% were females, the gender balance was similar across groups and mean age was 30.79 ± 7.65 years. FBG and lipid profile except for cholesterol level were not significantly different between the three study groups. However, cholesterol level in the clinical hypothyroid group was significantly higher than the other two groups. PAB was higher in subclinical hypothyroidism compared to healthy controls after adjustment for age and TSH levels (P value: 0.04) but there was no significant difference in the clinical hypothyroid group in comparison with healthy controls. In addition, there was no significant difference in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) between the three study groups.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that that subclinical hypothyroidism increases PAB in comparison to healthy control which could indicate OS response in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, respectively.
SARS-CoV-2 Interaction with Human DNA Methyl Transferase 1
Authors: Fakhrolmobasheri Mohammad , Shiravi Amirabbas , Zeinalian Mehrdad
Published: May 2024

Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic is the most discussed subject in medical researches worldwide. As the knowledge is expanded about the disease, more hypotheses become created. A recent study on the viral protein interaction map revealed that SARS-CoV-2 open reading frame 8 (ORF8) interacts with human DNA methyl transferase1 (DNMT1), an active epigenetic agent in DNA methylation. Moreover, DNMT1 is a contributor to a variety of chronic diseases which could cause some epigenetic dysregulation in infected cells, especially leukocytes, pancreatic beta, and endothelial cells. Regarding the fact that epigenetic alterations have a partial, but not completely reversible phenomena, it raises the question that if this interaction may cause long-term complications such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, long follow-up studies on the recovered patients from COVID-19 are recommended.
Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water and Hygienic Assessment of Water Cooler Dispensers in Higher Education Institution
Authors: Precha Nopadol , Rattanaphan Chayada , Galiga Tanyaporn , Makkaew Presert , Narom Nutcha , Jawjit Siriuma
Published: May 2024

Background:

The bacteriological quality of drinking water has become a public health concern according to its association with water-borne diseases. Nowadays, there are several different types of drinking water, including water cooler dispensers (WCDs), which are becoming a popular device in educational institutions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the bacteriological quality of drinking water from WCDs, and inspect their hygienic conditions in students’ dormitories at a university in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.

Methods:

Water samples from 53 WCDs installed in 13 dormitories were collected and analyzed coliform bacteria by using the multiple-tube fermentation technique. The hygienic inspection form from the Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, was used for inspection of the sanitary conditions. The hygienic factors of water cooler sanitation were analyzed using the generalized linear model.

Results:

Coliform bacteria were found in 10 out of 53 samples; moreover, Escherichia coli was recovered in three samples. Maintenance/cleaning and monitoring were the most two sanitary issues found in 100% (53/53) of the WCDs. Location and features of machine were found the correlation with the prevalence of coliform bacteria in drinking water.

Conclusions:

The findings of this study suggest regular monitoring of water quality in educational institutions. Also, the Sanitary Standard and Operational Procedures (S.S.O.P.) should be developed to improve the hygienic conditions of the water cooler dispensers.
Major Dietary Patterns in Association with the Grades of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Newly Diagnosed Patients Living in North of Iran
Authors: Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Mahdavi-Roshan Marjan , Darabi Zahra , Seyyedin Bahareh , Joukar Farahnaz , Rezazadeh Arezoo
Published: May 2024

Background:

Evidence suggests that dietary pattern is related to incidence and grades of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between major dietary patterns and hepatic histologic features of newly diagnosed patients with NAFLD.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 260 newly diagnosed NAFLD patients. Hepatic fibrosis and steatosis were diagnosed using Fibroscan. Dietary information was obtained using a validated 168-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between dietary patterns and odds ratio of the grade of fibrosis and steatosis was examined by multinomial logistic regression.

Results:

The mean ± SD age participant was 46.53 ± 11.71 years. Fifty-seven percent of the participants were women. Two major dietary patterns were recognized: “Western dietary pattern” and “Mediterranean dietary pattern.” After adjustment for various confounders, adherence to the two extracted dietary patterns was not associated with odds of fibrosis and steatosis (P > 0.05). However, P was not significant. Patients in the second quartile of the Mediterranean dietary pattern had a higher risk for being in the F1 grade compared to those in the reference group in the crude and adjusted model.

Conclusions:

The major dietary patterns of NAFLD patients living in Gilan were not related to the severity of their disease. More precise study design such as cohort or interventional studies is suggested to reveal the strength of this study findings.
Does Therapeutic Alliance Help “in Search for Meaning?” Experiences of Working through a “Trilogy”
Authors: Basu Aniruddha
Published: May 2024

Background:

Therapeutic alliance has been the 'Holy-Grail' of doctor patient relationship but is most discussed in relation to psychotherapy. At times in an individual therapeutic scenario it has been conceptualized as a working alliance to a collaborative plan but more than that it influences the lives of the clients and the therapists alike.

Aims and Objectives:

Understanding therapeutic alliance and its influence on the client and the therapist.

Materials and Method:

Three interrelated cases scenarios and the therapeutic alliance has been allegorized through the Shakespearian perspective.

Results:

In this exposition, a trilogy of three interrelated therapeutic case scenarios culminates in the existential framework. The first gentleman was a middle aged physician who had everything in life and at the end was drinking heavily as he had nothing else to do. In the second a soldier who fought bravely for his country but received no recognition and in lieu lost an arm in an conflict with the insurgents. Thereafter he found drinking as the only way forward. In the third case a gentleman who had alcohol dependence could quit alcohol unlike the other two. The main driving force of the latter was to do something for his son – this 'search for meaning' was lacking in the previous two. In the course it was seen that therapeutic alliance not only influences the life perspectives of the clients but also the therapist alike through an interplay of transference and counter transference.

Conclusion:

The influence of therapeutic alliance is not only limited to some narrow therapeutic scenarios but extends beyond in a much broader sense.
Depression and Anxiety among Tuberculosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Panibatla Vikas , Nagaraja Sharath Burugina , Mohan Deepa , Kizhakkethil Sreenath Menon Parambanattu , Sangeetha M. D.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) patients often experience depressive and anxiety symptoms, which can significantly impact their quality of life, treatment adherence, and outcomes. Understanding the magnitude of these mental health issues is crucial for improving TB programs and achieving successful treatment outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, to assess the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among TB patients. Relevant studies were identified through a search of the PubMed database. Studies were assessed for quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Data extraction was performed, and a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled prevalence rates.

Results:

Forty studies were included in the analysis. The pooled estimated prevalence of depression among TB patients was 11% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11–12), while the pooled estimated prevalence of anxiety was 28% (95% CI: 26–29). Subgroup analyses revealed variations in the prevalence rates among drug-sensitive (DS-TB), drug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant patients, as well as across continents and settings.

Conclusions:

The review indicates that there was a considerable burden of depressive and anxiety symptoms among TB patients worldwide. The findings emphasize the need for routine screening, integrated care approaches, and targeted interventions to address the mental health needs of TB patients.
A comparative study of disability between bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia using Indian disability evaluation and assessment scale
Authors: Borah Kabyashree , Nagarajan Padmavathi , Bharadwaj Balaji
Published: May 2024

Background:

Schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) have been identified as two severe mental disorders that are associated with a considerable amount of disability. These disorders create significant impairment in many aspects of an individual's life.

Objective:

This study was undertaken to compare the disability associated with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD).

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (F20.0–F20.9) (n = 30) or BPAD (F30.0–F39) (n = 30) as per the International Classification of Diseases-10. The level of disability was assessed by the Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale. A semi-structured pro forma was used to assess the sociodemographic and clinical parameters.

Results:

The level of disability was mild in 17 (56.7%) subjects, moderate in 12 (40%) subjects among patients with BPAD. In Schizophrenia, 20 (66.7%) subjects had a mild disability and 10 (33.3%) had a moderate level of disability. The mean global disability score among patients with BPAD was significantly higher than in those with schizophrenia (7.57 + 2.84) versus 6.93 + 2.94, t = 0.846,P= 0.033.

Conclusion:

The level of disability among individuals diagnosed with BPAD was higher mostly related to self-care and work-related domain disability.
Loneliness, social isolation, traumatic life events, and risk of alzheimer's dementia
Authors: Rauf Insha , Hussain Arshad , Roub Fazle
Published: May 2024

Context:

Alzheimer's disease, an affliction of old age, is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Vascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, type II diabetes, and obesity have been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of dementia. Environmental factors such as social isolation, loneliness, and traumatic life events, though less studied, have been associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.

Aim:

We aimed to find out if loneliness, social isolation, and traumatic life events are risk factors for Alzheimer's dementia (AD).

Materials and Methods:

This was a case–control study based on 100 patients selected for the study using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Kashmiri version) and diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria for dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Patients having “mild degree of impairment” on MMSE (Kashmiri version) were taken up for the study. Patients were assessed using De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (eleven items), Lubben Social Network Scale, and Traumatic Life Events Checklist.

Results:

Loneliness is associated with an increased risk of developing AD. Social isolation acts as a proxy indicator of loneliness. The number of traumatic events is not associated with an increased risk of developing AD. However, death of a child was associated with an increased risk of developing AD (P = 0.033).

Conclusion:

Loneliness is a robust risk factor for dementia and as such more research needs to focus on it so that suitable cognitive behavioral interventions may be developed and refined to help the vulnerable population.
Impact and Facilitators of a Psychiatric Rehabilitation Daycare Work Program
Authors: Roy Amrita , Sivakumar Thanapal , Jayarajan Deepak
Published: May 2024

Background:

Work confers many benefits to persons with psychiatric disabilities. The daycare work programs can be helpful for patients in multiple ways. Many stakeholders plan and implement a daycare work program, including patients, caregivers, trainers, staff members, and professionals. The literature on daycare work programs is limited. The present study aimed to understand the impact and facilitators of a selected daycare work program (Green Skills Program [GSP]) from the lens of stakeholders.

Methods:

Criterion sampling was used to recruit the stakeholders who have been part of GSP. Twenty-seven stakeholders were interviewed using a researcher-prepared semi-structured interview schedule. Atlas. ti version 9 was used for coding. Thematic analysis was done to identify themes.

Results:

Stakeholders considered GSP easy, enjoyable, and accommodative to patients with different functioning levels. GSP participation was deemed as gainful engagement and vital to day-structuring. The patients worked in groups, which promoted peer learning and teamwork. Various behavioral, social, and work-related improvements were noted among the patients by the stakeholders. Incentives and social reinforcements were significant motivators. Stakeholders were content with the trainer's way of teaching the patients and felt that she possessed many essential attributes that motivated them and improved their work outcomes.

Conclusions:

While conceiving daycare work programs, ease of doing activities, accommodation of patients with varying levels of functionality, trainer's aptitude, and use of reinforcements should be considered.
Screen Time and Mental Well-Being of Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ganesh Ragul , Singh Swarndeep , Bhargava Rachna , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:

Concerns have been expressed about the possible adverse impact of increased screen time on the psychological well-being of students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between screen time and mental well-being among college students.

Methods:

This cross-sectional online survey-based study was conducted among Indian college students. Details regarding sociodemographics and the amount and pattern of screen time usage and mental well-being (assessed using World Health Organization Well-Being Index; 5) were collected. Furthermore, personality traits were assessed using a validated questionnaire.

Results:

The final study sample comprised of 731 medical and engineering undergraduate students with a mean age of 20.7 years. The total screen time across different devices among the study participants for both weekdays and weekends was comparable, with a median value of 540 min. Poor mental well-being was significantly associated with higher total screen time (P = 0.03). Furthermore, screen time use predominantly to access social media for noncommunication purposes was associated with significantly lower mental well-being scores (P = 0.03).

Conclusions:

The current study highlights the impact of screen time on the mental well-being of students. The higher total screen time use was associated with poor mental well-being. Various types of screen time could have a differential relation with the mental well-being of students. Increased screen time use predominantly to access social media for noncommunication purposes was associated with a higher risk of poor mental well-being.
Common Barriers and Facilitators of Addiction Treatment among Treatment-Seeking Population
Authors: Chattopadhyay Ankita , Sarkar Siddharth , Mandal Piyali , Sood Esha , Thakur Ankush
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims:

In the process of treatment for substance use disorders, patients experience many barriers and facilitators related to treatment. This study aimed to ascertain the barriers and facilitators of addiction treatment in treatment-seeking population of patients with substance use disorders.

Methods:

A defined questionnaire was developed on the basis of qualitative work to assess the barriers and facilitators among adult patients with opioid and/or alcohol use disorders seeking care at a dedicated addiction treatment facility.

Results:

We recruited a total of 96 male patients. The mean age of the sample was 30.8 years. The most common barriers were feeling like taking substances when depressed, stressed, or angry; having difficulty while not having substances; and lack of willpower to quit the substances. The most common facilitators of treatment were quitting addiction for a better future (e.g., marriage and children); good response from the doctor; facing the harmful consequences of substance use; having effective medicine and treatment; substance use causing health deterioration; and the need to fulfill family responsibilities. Higher educational attainment and better socioeconomic status were associated with fewer barriers and facilitators of treatment.

Conclusion:

Some barriers and facilitators are endorsed more commonly by patients who seek services for addiction treatment. Efforts are required to minimize the barriers and utilize facilitators so that patients are able to engage in treatment more easily.
Navigating the Challenges Encountered While Dual-task Walking in Real-life Environment by Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sunny Sumam , Dave Dhruv
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:

Real-life walking environment comprises various attentionally demanding activities that require intact dual-tasking ability. Dual-task cost is higher in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) while walking due to the alterations in cognition and gait. However, contextual variations in the familial, social, and environmental conditions also influence walking in real-life environments. There is a scarcity of literature exploring the challenges linked with contextual variations while dual-task walking in real-life environments for older adults with T2DM. Hence, this study aims to identify barriers and facilitators to dual-task walking in real-life environments for T2DM elderly.

Methods:

The study used a phenomenological approach and interviewed older adults with and without T2DM using a semi-structured interview guide. It comprised open-ended questions on walking difficulties in a real-life environment.

Results:

Four themes were identified which comprised individual, social, environmental, and policy-level factors influencing walking. Role transitions within the family, fear, infrastructural impediments, and overprotectiveness of family members were identified as barriers whereas health literacy, positive outlook, occupational demands, and devout engagement in religious participation were identified as facilitators to walking in the elderly. The participants expressed several policy-level challenges, and emphasis was made on outdoor modifications and the need for community programs.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study provide insights into various constructs close to real-life walking environment that needs to be included in dual-task cost evaluation tools and several measures that can be taken at the familial and policy levels to increase the community mobility of older adults with T2DM.
Prevalence of Orofacial Mucormycosis in Coronavirus Disease-2019 Patients: Insights from a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India
Authors: Tarai Bansidhar , Kumar Harinder , Agrawal Sonu Kumari , Sen Poornima , Bhan Romila
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that is the cause of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is linked to a variety of opportunistic bacterial and fungal coinfections. Orofacial mycoses, fungal infections affecting the oral and facial regions, have recently gained attention as potential complications in individuals with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

This study aims to contribute to the understanding of orofacial mucormycosis in the context of COVID-19, particularly focusing on the prevalence among patients in a tertiary care center in Northern India. This study comprised respiratory materials from 255 COVID-19 patients treated at Max Hospital, Saket. The laboratory received specimens for microbiological pneumonia workup culture and molecular detection.

Results:

The most prevalent site for mucormycosis was the rhino-orbital region, accounting for a majority of cases at 58.2%. Following the rhino-orbital region, the involvement extended to the rhino-orbital-cerebral region in a notable proportion of cases. Pulmonary sites were identified as a significant location for mucormycosis, though less frequent compared to the rhino-orbital region. Mucormycosis diagnoses were predominantly made using direct microscopy, with 82.6% (196/255) of patients undergoing this diagnostic method.

Conclusion:

Our study in Northern India revealed a high prevalence of orofacial mucormycosis in middle-aged diabetic males, often with a history of COVID-19 hospitalization and steroid use. Rhizopus spp. were the most common Mucorales identified, with treatment challenges due to antifungal resistance. Molecular tests, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight, are valuable for species identification, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness during the COVID-19 pandemic.