bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The cannabinoid receptor I (CB1) enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by rescue impaired mitochondrial metabolism function under inflammatory condition
Authors: Yan Wanhao , Li Le , Ge Lihua , Zhang Fengqiu , Fan Zhipeng , Hu Lei
Published: January 2022

Background

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease leading to bone resorption and periodontal tissue disruption under inflammatory stimulation. The osteogenic differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is impaired under the inflammatory environment, which limits the effect of treatment. The cannabinoid receptor I (CB1)
is the main effector of the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS), and our previous study verified that CB1 could enhance the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of dental MSCs, which might be a target for alveolar bone regeneration. However, the effect of CB1 on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from bone remains unknown. In present study, we investigated the role and mechanism of CB1 on mitochondrial function and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) under inflammatory environment.

Methods

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, quantitative calcium analysis, and osteogenic markers were used to detect the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the gene expression. Seahorse Cell Mito Stress Test was used to detect the oxygen consumption rate (OCR). JC-10 assay was used to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).

Results

CB1 increased osteogenic differentiation potential and mitochondrial energy metabolism, including the OCR, MMP, and enhanced the expressions of Nrf1 and Nrf2 in hBMSCs without or with TNF-α or INF-γ stimulation. Then, the inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), rotenone (ROT), inhibited the osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs, and CB1 could rescue ROT impaired osteogenic differentiation potentials of hBMSCs without or with TNF-α or INF-γ stimulation. Activation of ETC by Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) could restore the impaired osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by depletion of CB1 without or with TNF-α or INF-γ stimulation. Mechanismly, CB1 could activate the JNK signaling pathway, p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and inhibit the Erk1/2 signaling pathway.

Conclusions

The activating of CB1 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation by rescuing the mitochondrial metabolism function in hBMSCs under the inflammatory environment, suggesting that CB1 is a potential target for enhancing bone regeneration under the inflammatory environment.
Immunogenic characteristics of the outer membrane phosphoporin as a vaccine candidate against Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Hu Gaowei , Chen Xue , Chu Wenhui , Ma Zhe , Miao Yingjie , Luo Xi , Fu Yongqian
Published: January 2022

In recent years, Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) has caused disease outbreaks in different animals, resulting in serious economic losses and biosafety concerns. Considering the broad antibiotic resistance of KP, vaccines are the most effective tools against infection. However, there is still no KP vaccine available in the veterinary field. Our results indicate that the highly conserved outer membrane phosphoporin (PhoE) of KP is immunogenic in mice and elicits high titers of antibodies that were shown to be specific for PhoE by immunoblotting. Immunization with PhoE also induced robust cell-mediated immunity and elicited the secretion of high levels of IFN-γ and IL-4, suggesting the induction of mixed Th1 and Th2 responses. Sera from PhoE-immunized mice induced significantly higher complement-mediated lysis of KP cells than did sera from the PBS control mice. Finally, mice immunized with PhoE were significantly protected against KP challenge, with better survival and a reduced visceral bacterial load. Our data underscore the great potential of PhoE as a novel candidate antigen for a vaccine against KP infection.
A new mathematical model of multi-faced COVID-19 formulated by fractional derivative chains
Authors: Aldawish Ibtisam , Ibrahim Rabha W.
Published: January 2022

It has been reported that there are seven different types of coronaviruses realized by individuals, containing those responsible for the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 epidemics. Nowadays, numerous designs of COVID-19 are investigated using different operators of fractional calculus. Most of these mathematical models describe only one type of COVID-19 (infected and asymptomatic). In this study, we aim to present an altered growth of two or more types of COVID-19. Our technique is based on the ABC-fractional derivative operator. We investigate a system of coupled differential equations, which contains the dynamics of the diffusion between infected and asymptomatic people. The consequence is accordingly connected with a macroscopic rule for the individuals. In this analysis, we utilize the concept of a fractional chain. This type of chain is a fractional differential–difference equation combining continuous and discrete variables. The existence of solutions is recognized by formulating a matrix theory. The solution of the approximated system is shown to have a minimax point at the origin.
Is a single portal venous phase in contrast-enhanced CT sufficient to detect metastases or recurrence in clear cell renal cell carcinoma? – a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Hagen Florian , Peisen Felix , Spogis Jakob , Mair Antonia , Nikolaou Konstantin , Stenzl Arnulf , Kruck Stephan , Bedke Jens , Kaufmann Sascha , Thaiss Wolfgang M.
Published: January 2022

Background

This study aims at describing the imaging features of the metastatic presentation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in arterial (AP) and portal venous phase (PVP) of contrast-enhanced-computed-tomography (CECT) during clinical follow-up (FU) and to evaluate the necessity of a dual phase approach for metastasis detection.

Methods

We identified a total of 584 patients that were diagnosed with ccRCC between January 2016 and April 2020. Inclusion criteria were histologically proven ccRCC with metastatic spread, proven by histology or interim follow-up of at least 2 years and follow-up CT examination with AP and PVP CECT including thorax/abdomen and pelvis. Exclusion criteria were defined by missing or incomplete CT-scans or lack of sufficient follow-up. CT studies of 43 patients with histologically proven ccRCCs were analyzed in retrospect. AP and PVP images were analyzed by two radiologists for metastases, two additional independent radiologists analyzed PVP images only. A 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the likelihood off the presence of metastasis. Imaging patterns of the metastases were analyzed visually.

Results

43 patients (16 female; mean age: 67±10 years) with recurrent ccRCC and metastatic disease were included. Three imaging patterns were observed (solid, heterogeneous or cystic metastases), which rarely exhibited calcifications (2%). All metastases showed hyperenhancement in AP and PVP. Inter-reader agreement was substantial (Fleiss’ κ 0.6–0.8, p<0.001). No significant differences in sensitivity or specificity between readers (AP and PVP images vs. PVP images only) were present (79.4-85.2%, 97.1-99.6%, p ≥ 0.05). The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve was between 0.901and 0.922 for all four radiologists.

Conclusions

Similar rates for detection, sensitivity and specificity of metastasis and local recurrence in ccRCC were observed irrespective of using a dual-phase protocol with AP and PVP or a single PVP protocol only. Thus, a single-phase examination of PVP can be sufficient for experienced radiologists to detect metastatic disease in the follow-up of ccRCC patients.
Molecular structures and functional exploration of NDA family genes respond tolerant to alkaline stress in Gossypium hirsutum L.
Authors: Fan Yapeng , Zhang Yuexin , Rui Cun , Zhang Hong , Xu Nan , Wang Jing , Han Mingge , Lu Xuke , Chen Xiugui , Wang Delong , Wang Shuai , Guo Lixue , Zhao Lanjie , Huang Hui , Wang Junjuan , Sun Liangqing , Chen Chao , Ye Wuwei
Published: January 2022

Background

The internal NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDA) gene family was a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (ND) gene family, mainly involved in the non-phosphorylated respiratory pathways in mitochondria and played crucial roles in response to abiotic stress.

Methods

The whole genome identification, structure analysis and expression pattern of NDA gene family were conducted to analyze the NDA gene family.

Results

There were 51, 52, 26, and 24 NDA genes identified in G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum and G. raimondii, respectively. According to the structural characteristics of genes and traits of phylogenetic tree, we divided the NDA gene family into 8 clades. Gene structure analysis showed that the NDA gene family was relatively conservative. The four Gossypium species had good collinearity, and segmental duplication played an important role in the evolution of the NDA gene family. Analysis of cis-elements showed that most GhNDA genes contained cis-elements related to light response and plant hormones (ABA, MeJA and GA). The analysis of the expression patterns of GhNDA genes under different alkaline stress showed that GhNDA genes were actively involved in the response to alkaline stress, possibly through different molecular mechanisms. By analyzing the existing RNA-Seq data after alkaline stress, it was found that an NDA family gene GhNDA32 was expressed, and then theGhNDA32 was silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). By observing the phenotype, we found that the wilting degree of silenced plants was much higher than that of the control plant after alkaline treatment, suggesting that GhNDA32 gene was involved in the response to alkaline stress.

Conclusions

In this study, GhNDAs participated in response to alkaline stress, especially NaHCO3 stress. It was of great significance for the future research on the molecular mechanism of NDA gene family in responding to abiotic stresses.
Embracing uncertainty: rethinking migration policy through pastoralists’ experiences
Authors: Maru Natasha , Nori Michele , Scoones Ian , Semplici Greta , Triandafyllidou Anna
Published: January 2022

Today there is a disjuncture between migration flows that are complex, mixed and constantly evolving and the emerging global migration governance paradigm that seeks to impose clarity, certainty, regularity and order. Addressing the gap between policies and realities, this article explores lessons for migration policy and governance from mobile pastoralists’ experience. Using examples from human migration flows within and between Europe and Africa and insights from pastoral systems from India, Italy and Kenya, the article identifies important similarities between international migration and pastoral mobility. We focus on four interconnections: both international migration and pastoral mobility show multi-directional and fragmented patterns; both involve multiple, intersecting socio-economic, political, cultural and environmental drivers; both must respond to non-linear systems, where critical junctures and tipping points undermine clear prediction and forecasts, making social navigation and reliability management more useful concepts than risk-based prediction and control and finally for both uncertainty is not conceived of as a state of crisis but an inherent feature, pregnant with possibility and hope. Building on these four points, and drawing from pastoralists’ experiences, we propose some methodological, practical and policy reflections for bridging the disjuncture between migration realities on the ground and global migration governance policies and discourses.
Morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 negatively associated with the frequency of consanguineous marriages, an ecologic study
Authors: Saadat Mostafa
Published: January 2022

Background

Union between second cousins and closer relatives is called consanguineous marriage. Consanguineous marriage is associated with increased risk of autosomal recessive diseases and several multifactorial traits. In order to evaluate the association between prevalence/mortality of COVID-19 and the frequency of consanguineous marriage, the present ecologic study was carried out. For the present study, data of prevalence (per 106people) and mortality (per 106people) and number of performed laboratory diagnostic test (per 106people) of COVID-19 disease at four time points (December 2020; March, August and October 2021) of 65 countries were used.

Results

Univariable correlation and generalized estimating equation analysis were used. In analysis, prevalence and mortality of COVID-19 were used as dependent variables and human development index, number of performed diagnosis test and the mean of inbreeding coefficient (α-value) were introduced into model as covariates, and time point was used as a factor in analysis. The square root (SR) of prevalence (P = 0.008) and SR-mortality (P < 0.001) of COVID-19 negatively associated with the log-transformed of α-value.

Conclusions

The present finding means that in countries with high levels of consanguineous marriages, the prevalence of COVID-19 and mortality due to COVID-19 were lower than countries having low level of marriage with relatives.
Release and intestinal translocation of chemicals associated with microplastics in an in vitro human gastrointestinal digestion model
Authors: Peters Ruud , de Jong Nadine , de Haan Laura , Wright Stephanie , Bouwmeester Hans
Published: January 2022

The global production of plastic currently exceeds 300 million tonnes per year. The extensive use of plastics and bad waste management has resulted in the presence of microplastics at different levels in the food production chain. From a chemical perspective, these microplastics are complex mixtures that contain multiple additives, such as plasticizers, flame retardants, stabilizers and pigments. Also other chemicals can be present in microplastics, including unreacted monomers, starting substances, and non-intentionally added substances. Finally, the microplastics may have adsorbed environmental contaminants. In this study we have used several types of microplastics, either from grinded beach litter or from frequently used food packing materials and pre-production samples. We quantified the chemical and metal release from these microplastics in worst case and physiological scenarios. We use a chemical extraction as worst case, and for the physiological scenarios we used an in vitro model of the human digestion and an in vitro model of the human intestinal epithelium. Subsequently all samples were analysed with sensitive ICP-MS, GCMS methods. We quantified 68 chemicals and 29 metals associated with a diversity of microplastics, some of these chemicals were also released in the luminal content of the human digestive tract under physiological conditions simulated in vitro. Only 22 chemicals reached the basolateral compartment of an in vitro intestinal epithelial model. From the ToxCast dataset we extracted 18 AOPs that were associated with the chemicals, that included AOPs associated with endocrine disruption. For a risk assessment of chemicals associated with microplastics more detailed data on oral microplastics exposure is needed, as well as more detailed toxicological studies on the hazards of both the individual and complex mixtures of the quantified chemicals.
COVID-19 pandemic effects on health worker’s mental health: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aymerich Claudia , Pedruzo Borja , Pérez Jose Luís , Laborda Maria , Herrero Jon , Blanco Jorge , Mancebo Gonzalo , Andrés Lucía , Estévez Olatz , Fernandez Maitane , Salazar de Pablo Gonzalo , Catalan Ana , González-Torres Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2022

Background

Healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) are at high risk of developing mental health concerns across several domains. The aim of this study is to determine the updated, global frequency of these outcomes.

Methods

A multistep literature search was performed from database inception until March 1, 2021. PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic review and PROSPERO protocol were used to identify studies reporting on depression, anxiety, acute stress, post-traumatic symptoms, insomnia, and burnout in HCWs exposed to COVID-19. A quantitative meta-analysis with random effects was conducted to analyze the proportion rate of the mental health disorders. Sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the effect of the different continents and scales. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of gender, age, and work position.

Results

239 articles were included (n = 271,319 HCWs, mean age = 36.08 ± 8.33 (66.99% female). 33% HCWs exposed to COVID-19 reported depressive symptoms (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 28–38%), 42% anxiety features (95% CI = 35–48), 40% acute stress (95% CI = 32–47), 32% post-traumatic symptoms (95% CI = 26–37%), 42% insomnia (95% CI = 36–48), 37% burnout (95% CI = 31–42). Sensitivity analyses did not show statistically significant differences. Meta-regressions found a statistically significant lower prevalence of post-traumatic symptoms in Asia.

Conclusions

HCWs exposed to COVID-19 were found to have a significant prevalence of mental health concerns in all domains analyzed. The effects of COVID-19 on HCWs’ mental health could be underestimated and the future consequences dismissed.
A review of dynamic parameters identification for manipulator control
Authors: Huang Wenhui , Min Huasong , Guo Yixuan , Liu Mingxin
Published: January 2022

Due to the important role of the manipulator dynamic model in manipulation control, the identification of the dynamic parameters of manipulators has become a research hotspot once again. In this paper, we present an overview of the modeling of manipulator dynamics, the optimization methods of excitation trajectory, the identification methods for dynamic parameters, and the identification of friction model parameters. First, the process and basic methods of identification of manipulation dynamic parameters are summarized, and the optimization methods for excitation trajectory are analyzed in detail. Further, friction model parameter identification and the physical feasibility of dynamic parameters are discussed. These are research hotspots associated with the identification of dynamic parameters of manipulators. The backgrounds and solutions of the problems of physical feasibility and identification of friction parameters are reviewed in this paper. Finally, neural networks and deep learning methods are discussed. The neural networks and deep learning methods have been used to improve the accuracy of identification. However, deep learning methods and neural networks need more in-depth analysis and experiments. At present, the instrumental variable method with complete physical feasibility constraints is an optimal choice for dynamic parameter identification. Moreover, this review aims to present the important theoretical foundations and research hotspots for the identification of manipulation dynamic parameters and help researchers determine future research areas.
From fixer to facilitator: an interpretative phenomenological study of diabetes person-centred counselling and empowerment education
Authors: Findlay-White Florence , Dornan Tim , Davies Mark , Archer Alan , Kilvert Anne , Fox Charles
Published: January 2022

Background:  The purpose of this study is to explore the professional and personal experiences of multidisciplinary healthcare professionals during and following diabetes counselling and empowerment education.

Methods:   Everyone who had participated in a diabetes counselling and empowerment course between 2008-2016 was invited to respond to an online survey and follow-up telephone interview if willing. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The research team used interpretative phenomenology to identify core themes from both the survey and telephone interviews and which captured the impact of empowerment education.

Results:  22 doctors, nurses, dieticians, and psychologists completed an online questionnaire. 10 subsequently took part in telephone interviews. Empowerment education changed them from fixers to facilitators. Their transformation included a sense of becoming authentic, ‘being the way I want to be’ in clinical practice and becoming more self-reflective. This affected them personally as well as reinvigorating them professionally.

Conclusions: The participants described a personal and professional journey of transformation that included discovering their person-centred philosophy. They adopted a consultation structure that empowered people with diabetes to care for themselves. It can be speculated that participants’ experience of transformation may also guard against professional burnout.
Screening patients with metastatic breast cancer for psychiatric disease: a cross sectional study
Authors: Basto Raquel , Caramujo Cecília , Ferreira Gomes Inês , Fraga Teresa , Correia Magalhães Joana , Sousa Maria João , de Jesus Sabrina , Monteiro Ana Raquel , Pestana-Santos Adriana , Carvalho Teresa , Albuquerque Emília , Sousa Gabriela
Published: January 2022

Background: Cancer patients are at risk of developing some level of psychological dysregulation, depending on a series of variables related to the tumor, the environment, and the patient. In this context, it becomes important to define the difference between psychological and psychiatric disorder and to study its prevalence. The primary endpoint of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a sample of Portuguese patients with metastatic breast cancer and assess the relationship between these disorders and the characteristics of the oncological disease.

Methods: Cross-sectional, single-center study with female patients diagnosed with metastatic breast carcinoma and under palliative treatment between November 2020 and May 2021. Psychiatric disorders were screened by applying and filling-out the MMSE, HADS, BSI, and WHOQoL-Bref instruments at the outpatient daycare unit when patients were present for treatmen.

Results: A total of 91 female patients were included, median age 59.79 years. None of the patients had cognitive impairment (MMSE). HADS scale: 18.7% of the patients scored for anxiety and 17.6% for depression. The anxiety subscale score of > 8 (HADS) was related to ovarian function suppression (p<0.001), neoadjuvant therapy (p<0.001), and type of second-line of palliative treatment (p=0.024). The depression subscale score >8 (HADS) was related to the type of surgery performed (p= 0.022), molecular subtype of the tumor (p=0.020), and occurrence of grade 3-4 toxicities in the first (p=0.018), and third-line treatments (p=0.031).

Conclusion: The screening of psychiatric disorders through the application of these scales by the medical oncology team may be able to aid in diagnosis and potentially lead to psychiatric referral and intervention at an earlier stage.
Turning on Dimensional Prominence in Decision Making: Experiments and a Model
Authors: Arad Ayala , Maltz Amnon
Published: January 2022

Could introducing a tiny interest rate on positive balances of checking accounts affect investment decisions? We suggest, counterintuitively, that it might decrease allocations to checking accounts and increase riskless investments with higher returns. This violation of monotonicity is a potential outcome of a novel behavioral phenomenon that we formalize and investigate experimentally. It posits that even a small interest rate highlights or turns on the safe gains dimension, bumping up its decision weight while shrouding other considerations, such as liquidity. Consequently, choices may shift from the most liquid option, the checking account, to safe investments with superior returns. Our exploration of this phenomenon covers three different choice environments: investment decisions, social preferences, and choice under uncertainty.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
Data-Driven Approximation Schemes for Joint Pricing and Inventory Control Models
Authors: Qin Hanzhang , Simchi-Levi David , Wang Li
Published: January 2022

We study the classic multiperiod joint pricing and inventory control problem in a data-driven setting. In this problem, a retailer makes periodic decisions on the prices and inventory levels of a product that she wishes to sell. The retailer’s objective is to maximize the expected profit over a finite horizon by matching the inventory level with a random demand, which depends on the price in each period. In reality, the demand functions or random noise distributions are usually difficult to know exactly, whereas past demand data are relatively easy to collect. We propose a data-driven approximation algorithm that uses precollected demand data to solve the joint pricing and inventory control problem. We assume that the retailer does not know the noise distributions or the true demand functions; instead, we assume either she has access to demand hypothesis sets and the true demand functions can be represented by nonnegative combinations of candidate functions in the demand hypothesis sets, or the true demand function is generalized linear. We prove the algorithm’s sample complexity bound: the number of data samples needed in each period to guarantee a near-optimal profit is [Formula: see text], where T is the number of periods, and ϵ is the absolute difference between the expected profit of the data-driven policy and the expected optimal profit. In a numerical study, we demonstrate the construction of demand hypothesis sets from data and show that the proposed data-driven algorithm solves the dynamic problem effectively and significantly improves the optimality gaps over the baseline algorithms.

This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, big data analytics.
Sustainability in the Fast Fashion Industry
Authors: Long Xiaoyang , Nasiry Javad
Published: January 2022

Problem definition: A fast fashion system allows firms to react quickly to changing consumer demand by replenishing inventory (via quick response) and introducing more fashion styles. In this paper, we study the environmental impact of the fast fashion business model by analyzing its implications for product quality, variety, and inventory decisions. Relevance: Our work establishes a much-needed understanding of the link between the fast fashion business model and its environmental consequences. Methodology: We consider a two-period model in which a firm sells to fashion-sensitive consumers whose preferences are influenced by a random fashion trend. We analyze the effect of fast fashion capabilities (quick response and design flexibility) on the firm’s quality decision, leftover inventory and total environmental impact. Results: We find that a key driver of low product quality in the fast fashion industry is the firm’s incentive to offer variety to hedge against uncertain fashion trends. When variety is endogenous, quality decreases as consumers become more sensitive to fashion or as the cost of introducing new styles decreases. We identify the conditions under which increasing fast fashion capabilities leads to higher environmental impact. Managerial implications: We assess the effectiveness of three environmental initiatives (waste disposal regulations, consumer education, and production tax schemes) in countering the environmental impact of fast fashion. We show that waste disposal policies and production taxes are effective in reducing the firm’s leftover inventory—but may have the unintended consequence of lowering product quality, which may worsen the firm’s environmental impact. We also find that education campaigns that increase consumers’ sensitivity to quality strictly benefit the environment in the long run.
Fully Distributed Optimization-Based CAV Platooning Control Under Linear Vehicle Dynamics
Authors: Shen Jinglai , Kammara Eswar Kumar H. , Du Lili
Published: January 2022

This paper develops distributed optimization-based, platoon-centered connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) car-following schemes, motivated by the recent interest in CAV platooning technologies. Various distributed optimization or control schemes have been developed for CAV platooning. However, most existing distributed schemes for platoon centered CAV control require either centralized data processing or centralized computation in at least one step of their schemes, referred to as partially distributed schemes. In this paper, we develop fully distributed optimization based, platoon centered CAV platooning control under the linear vehicle dynamics via the model predictive control approach with a general prediction horizon. These fully distributed schemes do not require centralized data processing or centralized computation through the entire schemes. To develop these schemes, we propose a new formulation of an objective function and a decomposition method that decomposes a densely coupled central objective function into the sum of multiple locally coupled functions whose coupling satisfies the network topology constraint. We then exploit locally coupled optimization and operator splitting methods to develop fully distributed schemes. Control design and stability analysis is carried out to achieve desired traffic transient performance and asymptotic stability. Numerical tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fully distributed schemes and CAV platooning control.
Historische Belege zur Registrierungspraxis in den Sechs Sonaten BWV 525–530
Authors: Whiteley John Scott
Published: January 2022

Der Autor überprüft anhand historiografischer und analytischer Dokumente die Stichhaltigkeit bestehender Ansichten und präsentiert eine revidierte Theorie zur Registrierung der Sonaten. Es zeigt sich, dass eine dogmatische Fixierung der Registrierungspraxis keinesfalls den Vorstellungen Bachs entsprochen hätte. Der musikalische Reichtum der Trios verlangt vom Spieler eine flexible und umsichtige Handhabung der verfügbaren Möglichkeiten. (Autor, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)
Snapshot polarimetric imaging in multi-view microscopy
Authors: Llaguno Juan M. , Lecumberry Federico , Fernández Ariel
Published: January 2022

Polarimetric imaging allows for the vector nature of optical information across a scene to be obtained, with recent applications ranging from remote sensing to microscopy. In polarimetric microscopy in particular, different polarization states are conventionally achieved under time-division multiplexing strategies and are mainly subject to static phenomena. In the present work, we propose a cost-effective technique for polarization sensing with the possibility of real-time imaging microscopy. By modifying a commercial camera and replacing the conventional lens with an optical system that integrates a microscope objective and a lenslet array with a polarization mask, linear Stokes parameters can be obtained in a snapshot. The proposed scheme is robust against misalignment and suitable for handling video sequences of microscopic samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on combining multi-view sensing and polarization imaging for applications to microscopy.
Complete head cerebral sensitivity mapping for diffuse correlation spectroscopy using subject-specific magnetic resonance imaging models
Authors: Wu Melissa M. , Perdue Katherine , Chan Suk-Tak , Stephens Kimberly A. , Deng Bin , Franceschini Maria Angela , Carp Stefan A.
Published: January 2022

We characterize cerebral sensitivity across the entire adult human head for diffuse correlation spectroscopy, an optical technique increasingly used for bedside cerebral perfusion monitoring. Sixteen subject-specific magnetic resonance imaging-derived head models were used to identify high sensitivity regions by running Monte Carlo light propagation simulations at over eight hundred uniformly distributed locations on the head. Significant spatial variations in cerebral sensitivity, consistent across subjects, were found. We also identified correlates of such differences suitable for real-time assessment. These variations can be largely attributed to changes in extracerebral thickness and should be taken into account to optimize probe placement in experimental settings.
Dynamically dual-tunable dual-band to four-band metamaterial absorbers based on bulk Dirac semimetal and vanadium dioxide
Authors: Hu BaoJing , Huang Ming , Li Peng , Yang JingJing
Published: January 2022

In this work, we investigate dynamically dual-tunable dual-band, triple-band, and four-band metamaterial absorbers (MAs) based on a bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) and vanadium dioxide (

V
O

2

). Due to the bright-bright mode coupling between BDS rods, the dual-band, triple-band, and four-band MAs can be realized when the

V
O

2

is in a fully metallic state. The average absorptivity of the absorption peaks in the three MAs reaches 97%, 98.6%, and 96.4% respectively. The physical mechanism can be explained by the radiating two-oscillator model. The resonant frequencies and absorptance intensities at absorption peaks in each MA can be dynamically tuned by varying the BDS Fermi energy and the

V
O

2

conductivity.
Terahertz laser field manipulation on the electronic and nonlinear optical properties of laterally-coupled quantum well wires
Authors: Liu Guanghui , Cao Yanan , Liu Renming , Chen Gengyan , Wu Feng , Zheng Yunbao , Chen Zhanxu , Guo Kangxian , Lu Liangliang
Published: January 2022

An intense terahertz laser field is shown to actively manipulate the electronic states, as well as the linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients, of the laterally-coupled quantum well wires (LCQWWs). The laser-dressed quantum states of the LCQWWs are achieved using the non-perturbative Floquet method and the two-dimensional diagonalization technique under the effective mass approximation. We have demonstrated that the intense terahertz laser field induces a strong deformation of the confinement potential configuration of the LCQWWs, thus pronouncedly dressing the energy levels and wave functions. An unambiguous picture is depicted for the evolution of the laser-dressed quantum states with the increase of the laser-dressed parameter characterizing the strength of the laser-dressed effect. On this basis, the resonant peak positions of the linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients feature a blue shift followed by a red shift with an increase of the laser-dressed parameter. Furthermore, the evolution of the peak values for the linear and third-order nonlinear optical absorption coefficients as a function of the laser-dressed parameter is comprehensively discussed. Moreover, in contrast to the case without intense terahertz laser field, the peak values of the linear, third-order nonlinear, and total optical absorption coefficients can be obviously enhanced at the same frequency position by manipulating the appropriate laser-dressed parameter. A similar feature can be found in the linear, third-order nonlinear, and total refractive index changes. Our findings are conducive to the implementation of the expected quantum states and nonlinear optical effects in the LCQWWs, paving the way for new designs in tunable optical switches, infrared photo-detectors and infrared modulators.
Improving signal-to-noise ratio of a terahertz signal using a WaveNet-based neural network
Authors: Choi Hyunkook , Kim Sangmin , Maeng Inhee , Son Joo-Hiuk , Park Hochong
Published: January 2022

When acquiring a terahertz signal from a time-domain spectroscopy system, the signal is degraded by measurement noise and the information embedded in the signal is distorted. For high-performing terahertz applications, this study proposes a method for enhancing such a noise-degraded terahertz signal using machine learning that is applied to the raw signal after acquisition. The proposed method learns a function that maps the degraded signal to the clean signal using a WaveNet-based neural network that performs multiple layers of dilated convolutions. It also includes learnable pre- and post-processing modules that automatically transform the time domain where the enhancement process operates. When training the neural network, a data augmentation scheme is adopted to tackle the issue of insufficient training data. The comparative evaluation confirms that the proposed method outperforms other baseline neural networks in terms of signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed method also performs significantly better than the averaging of multiple signals, thereby facilitating the procurement of an enhanced signal without increasing the measurement time.
Hollow-core fiber delivery of broadband mid-infrared light for remote spectroscopy
Authors: Johnson Kerr , Castro-Marin Pablo , Farrell Carl , Davidson Ian A. , Fu Qiang , Jasion Gregory T. , Wheeler Natalie V. , Poletti Francesco , Richardson David J. , Reid Derryck T.
Published: January 2022

High-resolution multi-species spectroscopy is achieved by delivering broadband 3–4-μm mid-infrared light through a 4.5-meter-long silica-based hollow-core optical fiber. Absorptions from H37Cl, H35Cl, H2O and CH4 present in the gas within the fiber core are observed, and the corresponding gas concentrations are obtained to 5-ppb precision using a high-resolution Fourier-transform spectrometer and a full-spectrum multi-species fitting algorithm. We show that by fully fitting the narrow absorption features of these light molecules their contributions can be nulled, enabling further spectroscopy of C3H6O and C3H8O contained in a Herriott cell after the fiber. As a demonstration of the potential to extend fiber-delivered broadband mid-infrared spectroscopy to significant distances, we present a high-resolution characterization of the transmission of a 63-meter length of hollow-core fiber, fully fitting the input and output spectra to obtain the intra-fiber gas concentrations. We show that, despite the fiber not having been purged, useful spectroscopic windows are still preserved which have the potential to enable hydrocarbon spectroscopy at the distal end of fibers with lengths of tens or even hundreds of meters.
Coherent injection photocurrent in bismuth sulfide film induced by one-plus-two photon absorption quantum interference
Authors: He Yuhang , Chen Yuxuan , Lu Chunhui , Zhang Yifan , Tian Zhen , Xu Xinlong , Dai Jianming
Published: January 2022

Quantum interference (QuI) effect is a powerful method to generate and control the ultrafast photocurrent in semiconductors. We utilize two-color pulsed light excitation in bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) film to induce the photocurrent through the QuI effect. Experimentally, the photocurrent is indirectly monitored using a standard terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopic system. Due to the QuI, an asymmetric photon injection occurs in Bi2S3 film, resulting in coherent injection current and subsequently THz wave generation. Our results on the pump pulse energy dependence of the THz electric field suggests that the THz wave generation process follows the third-order nonlinear optical process.
Lifetime prediction of nanogratings inscribed by a femtosecond laser in silica glass
Authors: Wang Yitao , Lancry Matthieu , Cavillon Maxime , Poumellec Bertrand
Published: January 2022

This paper is dedicated to the lifetime prediction of Type II modifications (i.e., nanogratings) written in silica glass using an infrared femtosecond laser. Herein we report accelerated aging experiments of such nanogratings through the monitoring of their characteristic linear birefringence signature. Based on the master curve formalism, we demonstrate that these laser-induced nanostructures can survive for 200 hours at 1100°C. Under the reported processing conditions and after a dedicated passivation treatment, the estimated lifetime of the birefringent optical elements is beyond 10 years at 800°C with a minor erasure of 7%.
Terahertz complex conductivity of stretchable semitransparent composite films made from polymeric materials PDMS and PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Unuma Takeya , Kotaka Shoya
Published: January 2022

We investigate the terahertz complex conductivity spectra of stretchable composite films with semitransparency for visible light that are fabricated by blending the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with the elastomer poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) in various weight ratios. We find that the PDMS-based composite exhibits a conductivity whose real part increases to 0.77 S/cm at 1.0 THz with increasing PEDOT:PSS blending ratio while it has a stretchability of more than ∼130%. A fitting analysis of the complex conductivity spectra with an extended Drude model shows that carriers in the PDMS-based composite become denser linearly and also less localized gradually as the blending ratio is increased.
Effects of a blend of chestnut and quebracho tannins on gut health and performance of broiler chickens
Authors: Redondo Enzo A. , Redondo Leandro M. , Bruzzone Octavio A. , Diaz-Carrasco Juan M. , Cabral Claudio , Garces Victorino M. , Liñeiro Maximo M. , Fernandez-Miyakawa Mariano E.
Published: January 2022

Antimicrobial restrictions prompted the search for cost and biologically effective alternatives to replace antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) in food-producing animals. In addition, the efficacy of this alternatives needs to be contrasted in field/commercial trials under different challenge conditions. However only a few studies describing the impact of tannins or others AGP-alternatives in commercial poultry production conditions are actually available. The aim of the present work is to study how the inclusion of a blend of chestnut and quebracho tannins can affect broiler productive performance and health under commercial conditions. Three experiments with different approaches were conducted: (1) a trial comparing the effects of both additives (tannins vs AGP) on different commercial farms at the same time; (2) the follow-up of one farm during an entire productive year; and (3) an experimental trial using a C. perfringens challenge model in broiler chickens. Although productive results from field trials were similar among treatments, evaluations of gut health indicators showed improvements in the tannins treated flocks. Frequency and severity of intestinal gross lesions were reduced in jejunum (42% vs 23%; p<0.05–1.37 vs. 0.73; p<0.01, respectively) and ileum (25% vs. 10%; p<0.0.5–1.05 vs. 0.58; p<0.01) in tannins treated birds. Results from 16S studies, show that cecal microbiota diversity was not differentially affected by AGPs or tannins, but changes in the relative abundance of certain taxa were described, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium groups. Results from experimental C. perfringens necrotic enteritis showed that tannins treated birds had reduced incidence of gross lesions in jejunum (43.75 vs. 74.19%; p<0.01) and ileum (18.75% vs. 45.16%; p<0.05) compared with control. These results suggest that AGPs can be replaced by tannins feed additives, and contribute in the implementation of antimicrobial-free programs in broilers without affecting health or performance.
Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors profile in human aqueous humor in idiopathic uveitis
Authors: Errera Marie-Hélène , Pratas Ana , Fisson Sylvain , Manicom Thomas , Boubaya Marouane , Sedira Neila , Héron Emmanuel , Merabet Lilia , Kobal Alfred , Levy Vincent , Warnet Jean-Michel , Chaumeil Christine , Brignole-Baudouin Françoise , Sahel José-Alain , Goldschmidt Pablo , Bodaghi Bahram , Bloch-Queyrat Coralie
Published: January 2022

To investigate which cytokines, chemokines and growth factors are involved in the immunopathogenesis of idiopathic uveitis, and whether cytokine profiles are associated with. Serum and aqueous humor (AH) samples of 75 patients with idiopathic uveitis were analyzed by multiplex immunoassay. Infectious controls consisted of 16 patients with ocular toxoplasmosis all confirmed by intraocular fluid analyses. Noninfectious controls consisted of 7 patients with Behçet disease related uveitis and 15 patients with sarcoidosis related uveitis. The control group consisted of AH and serum samples from 47 noninflammatory control patients with age-related cataract. In each sample, 27 immune mediators ± IL-21 and IL-23 were measured. In idiopathic uveitis, 13 of the 29 mediators, including most proinflammatory and vascular mediators such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, IP-10, TNF-α and VEGF, were significantly elevated in the aqueous humor when compared to all controls. Moreover, IL-17, IP-10, and IL-21, were significantly elevated in the serum when compared to all controls. We clustered 4 subgroups of idiopathic uveitis using a statistical analysis of hierarchical unsupervised classification, characterized by the order of magnitude of concentrations of intraocular cytokines. The pathogenesis of idiopathic uveitis is characterized by the presence of predominantly proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and vascular endothelial growth factor with high expression levels as compared to other causes of uveitis. There are indications for obvious Th-1/ IL21-Th17 pathways but also IL9-Th9 and increased IFN-γ-inducing cytokine (IL12) and IFN-γ-inducible CXC chemokine (IP-10). The combined data suggest that immune mediator expression is different among idiopathic uveitis. This study suggests various clusters among the idiopathic uveitis group rather than one specific uveitis entity.
Sarcoptic mange outbreak decimates South American wild camelid populations in San Guillermo National Park, Argentina
Authors: Ferreyra Hebe del Valle , Rudd Jaime , Foley Janet , Vanstreels Ralph E. T. , Martín Ana M. , Donadio Emiliano , Uhart Marcela M.
Published: January 2022

Sarcoptic mange epidemics can devastate wildlife populations. In 2014, mange was first detected in vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) and guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in San Guillermo National Park (SGNP), Argentina. This study describes the temporal dynamics of the outbreak, its effects on the park’s wild camelid populations between 2017–2019, and investigates the potential source of the epidemic. From May 2017 to June 2018, transect surveys indicated a sharp decrease in the density of living vicuñas and guanacos by 68% and 77%, respectively. By April 2019 no vicuñas or guanacos were recorded on transect surveys, suggesting their near-extinction in the park. Clinical signs consistent with mange (e.g., intense scratching, hyperkeratosis, alopecia) were observed in 24% of living vicuñas (n = 478) and 33% of living guanacos (n = 12) during surveys, as well as in 94% of vicuña carcasses (n = 124) and 85% of guanaco carcasses (n = 20) examined. Sarcoptes scabiei was identified as the causal agent by skin scrapings, and the cutaneous lesions were characterized by histopathology (n = 15). Genetic characterization revealed that mites recovered from seven vicuñas (n = 13) and three guanacos (n = 11) shared the same genotype, which is consistent with a single source and recent origin of the epidemic. Tracing the potential source, we identified a governmental livestock incentive program which introduced llamas (Lama glama) in areas adjacent to SGNP in 2009, some of which had alopecic scaling consistent with sarcoptic mange. Though at the time of our study no llamas with mange were available for confirmatory sampling, we hypothesize that the introduction of mange-infected llamas may have triggered the outbreak in wild camelids. This unprecedented event in SGNP had devastating effects on dominating herbivores with potentially profound cascading effects at the community and ecosystem levels.