bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La diversité des modèles d’entreprises sociales : nouvelles dynamiques au cœur et aux confins de l’économie sociale et solidaire
Authors: Defourny Jacques , Nyssens Marthe
Published: April 2022

Le Projet de recherche ICSEM (« International Comparative Social Enterprise Model »), mené de 2013 à 2019, a eu pour objectif d’identifier et de comparer les modèles d’entreprises sociales à travers le monde. Sur la base d’un cadre analytique original, quatre modèles principaux d’entreprise sociale ont été identifiés puis ont été confortés par une base de données ICSEM constituée grâce à une enquête dans 43 pays. Il apparaît ainsi que l’existence de trois des quatre modèles, i.e. la coopérative sociale, « l’associatif entrepreneurial » et le « social business », est fortement soutenue par l’analyse empirique dans presque tous les pays étudiés. Par ailleurs, des spécificités significatives apparaissent en Europe de l’Ouest, Centrale et Orientale.
Héterogénéité dans les préférences des membres des coopératives agricoles : le rôle de la gouvernance
Authors: Iliopoulos Constantine
Published: April 2022

L’hétérogénéité des préférences des membres est devenue un sujet essentiel dans la recherche sur les coopératives, axée sur les coûts organisationnels encourus par les coopératives agricoles. Le présent article passe en revue la littérature existante sur le sujet et expose une nouvelle vision de la gouvernance par les membres associés et contrôlée par eux. Selon cette perspective, le rôle principal de la gouvernance est d’établir clairement et efficacement la frontière entre les activités principales et périphériques de la coopérative. Les implications de cette approche pour la recherche et la pratique sont identifiées et discutées. L’article jette également un nouvel éclairage sur le concept d’hétérogénéité des préférences des membres en identifiant différents types d’hétérogénéité et en les reliant à la mission principale des organes de gouvernance des coopératives.
Les fonctionnalités du droit économique européen pour de nouvelles régulations du travail de plateforme − l’exemple du règlement P2B 2019/1150
Authors: Pellerin Tristan
Published: April 2022

Le règlement européen Platform to Business (P2B), adopté le 20 juin 2019, a été pensé pour encadrer la transparence des algorithmes d’intermédiation des plateformes en ligne. S’il n’a initialement pas été envisagé pour réguler le travail de plateforme, il se révèle pertinent pour répondre aux enjeux soulevés par ce phénomène. Il est possible de découvrir, par la méthode comparatiste de « l’équivalence fonctionnelle », une similarité entre les protections traditionnellement admises par le droit social européen et celles que pourrait apporter le règlement P2B face à certaines problématiques du travail de plateforme. Bien que son champ personnel d’application ne permette pas en l’état d’appréhender l’ensemble des plateformes de travail, son contenu ouvre la voie à la réflexion pour la régulation européenne à venir. Un futur outil équivalent permettrait d’envisager le travail de plateforme dans une dimension globale et de résoudre de nombreuses problématiques processuelles que rencontrent les travailleurs de plateformes. Entre droit économique et droit social, c’est une réflexion plus globale sur le domaine juridique dans lequel se joue la protection du travailleur qui a été menée.
Un trauma partagé en groupe
Authors: Marinelli Stefania
Published: April 2022

S’appuyant sur des exemples cliniques et des concepts théoriques relatifs au fonctionnement des groupes, l’auteur décrit le « champ psychique transpersonnel » des patients analysés individuellement pendant la pandémie, comme un « groupe » qui s’est formé dans son esprit. Ainsi, une série d’éléments qui ont émergé au cours de ces analyses individuelles (idéations, pensées, comportements, liens, rêves) sont présentés ici du point de vue du fonctionnement du groupe et des liens (inconscients) qui s’y créent. Ces éléments sont considérés comme un produit de l’interaction, dans un champ commun, entre les patients individuels, l’analyste, et leur lien social avec le champ qu’ils ont créé et qui est en relation avec la pandémie et le confinement. Ce processus « de groupe » se développe en différentes étapes et inclut l’ensemble des patients vus en individuel : les nouveaux, les anciens qui sont revenus – en particulier ceux qui ont été malades –, en plus des patients qui étaient déjà chez moi. Le processus coïncide avec les besoins individuels de connexion, mais aussi de différenciation. Il est partagé et soumis aux fluctuations de l’urgence, mais il est aussi conditionné à rester relativement indépendant ou peu envahi par le caractère exceptionnel de la condition sociale commune.
Le vécu traumatique partagé, en tant qu’objet constitutif d’un groupe thérapeutique d’adolescentes en espace téléprésentiel
Authors: Papageorgiou Eleana , Stefanoudakis Manolis
Published: April 2022

Cet article propose une élaboration clinique d’une séance d’un groupe thérapeutique de parole d’adolescentes qui s’est déroulée en visio pendant le confinement. Les associations des membres du groupe, en résonance avec les bouleversements radicaux de leur mode de vie, ainsi que du cadre thérapeutique interrompu brusquement pendant plusieurs mois et repris en espace téléprésentiel, conduisent à l’émergence de vécus traumatiques où le traumatisme individuel devient, pour un certain temps, traumatisme collectif, avant de réintégrer le psychisme de chaque participante comme partie constituante de son système représentationnel. L’effet thérapeutique est associé aux mouvements intra-inter-transférentiels où le changement du dispositif thérapeutique et de ses modalités au niveau de la sensorialité de l’expérience groupale devient – peut-être – le ferment de l’ouverture au vécu du trauma.
Perspectives of Orthopedic Surgery Program Directors on the USMLE Step 1 Scoring Change
Authors: White-Dzuro Colin G. , Makhoul Alan T. , Pontell Matthew E. , Stephens Byron F. , Drolet Brian C. , Abtahi Amir M.
Published: April 2022

The orthopedic surgery residency application process is highly competitive, and residency programs rely on objective measures, such as the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 score, to assist in applicant selection. To deemphasize standardized test scores and improve student well-being, governing bodies have elected to change the Step 1 examination to a pass/fail grading system beginning in 2022. Given the utility of Step 1 in the orthopedic surgery residency application process, this change will significantly affect how applicants are assessed. To determine how this change will affect the process, we developed and validated a 19-item anonymous electronic survey and invited program directors (PDs) from orthopedic surgery residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education to respond. The 86 surveys that were completed represented a 43.2% response rate (86 of 199). Only 4.7% of orthopedic surgery PDs believe that this change is a good idea, and 91.7% of PDs believe that the change will make it more difficult to compare applicants objectively. In addition, 90.7% of PDs report that they will increase emphasis on the Step 2 CK (clinical knowledge) examination in comparing residency applicants for their program, with 90.4% of PDs reporting that they will require students to submit their Step 2 scores via the Electronic Residency Application Service. These results indicate that changing the Step 1 scoring to pass/fail is unpopular among orthopedic surgery PDs. Further, losing the numeric Step 1 score will increase reliance on Step 2 scores and emphasis on less objective measures, such as where an applicant attended medical school. [
Orthopedics
. 2022;45(5):e257–e262.]
Circular surfaces and singularities in Euclidean 3-space $ \mathbb{E}^{3} $
Authors: Alluhaibi Nadia
Published: April 2022

The approach of the paper is on circular surfaces. A circular surface is a one-parameter family of standard circles with fixed radius regarding a curve, which acts as the spine curve. In the study, we have parametrized circular surfaces and have provided its geometric properties like singularities and striction curves comparing with those of ruled surfaces. Furthermore, we have addressed the conditions of minimality of roller coaster surfaces. Meanwhile, we support the results of the approach by some examples.
On cubic semisymmetric bi-Cayley graphs on nonabelian simple groups
Authors: Pan Jiangmin , Zhang Yingnan
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we classify cubic semisymmetric bi-Cayley graphs on nonabelian simple groups, extending a remarkable classification of cubic nonnormal symmetric Cayley graphs on nonabelian simple groups.
Taxi services and the carsharing alternative: a case study of valencia city
Authors: Martí Pasqual , Jordán Jaume , Chamoso Pablo , Julian Vicente
Published: April 2022

The public's awareness of pollution in cities is growing. The decrease of carbon dioxide emissions from the use of fossil-fuel-powered cars stands out among the different viable alternatives. To this purpose, more sustainable options, such as carsharing fleets, could be used to replace private automobiles and other services such as taxis. This type of vehicle, which is usually electric, is becoming more common in cities, providing a green mobility option. In this research, we use multi-agent simulations to examine the efficiency of the current taxi fleet in Valencia. After that, we evaluate various carsharing fleet arrangements. Our findings demonstrate the possibility for a mix of the two types of fleets to meet present demand while also improving the city's sustainability.
SDG Adherence of Social Performance Indicators Used by Brazilian Mining, and Oil and Gas Extraction Companies
Authors: Santiago da Silva Ivan , Sampaio Pimentel Márcio
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to examine whether the social performance indicators used by mining companies participating in the BM & FBOVESPA Corporate Sustainability Index (indice de sustentabilidade empresarial [ISE]) during 2005–2021 were aligned with United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Content analysis was conducted after collecting key information from voluntary sustainability reports presented by the companies. The results uncovered 423 social indicators and revealed repeated discontinuity and large time gaps of as many as 6 years in the disclosure of sustainability information. Among the SDGs investigated, the most discussed were (in order): SDGs 4, 3, 5, 1, 10, and 2. Thus, it is recommended that even though SDGs have been implemented since 2015, the desired social impact can be created only when companies in the mining and extraction sectors make a formal commitment to continuously disseminate sustainability reports and work equitably on SDG goals.
Rehabilitation of Rescued Children from Worksites in India
Authors: Bhatt Sanjai , Singh Atul Pratap
Published: April 2022

A large number of children in India still work under highly exploitative working conditions. In spite of magnificent efforts, the problem of child labor has compounded into more complex issues intertwined with child trafficking, forced labor, missing children, and many other worst forms of childhood struggles. There is a general postulation that in reality the rehabilitation measures are not so effective. The phenomenon of the recycling of child labor divulges that the rescued children again join the workforce after a small gap either at the same place in the same city or at different places in different cities. The paper is aimed to study the realities of rehabilitation in order to understand intertwined issues relating to rehabilitation of rescued children from worksites as well as the present state of affairs. The paper has specifically explored the process of rescue challenges, the mechanisms devised and implemented for rehabilitation of these children, and the effectiveness of initiatives intended for reintegrating rescued children in societal mainstream. It discovered that the realities of rehabilitation are quite painful and a sad commentary on our efforts of rehabilitation. The compensation, back wages, or rehabilitation money has passes through different layers before reaching the rescued child. Once received, it is generally used for different purposes –such as buying animals, construction/repair of house, daughter’s marriage, and repaying to contractor who provided the employment. In some cases, cut/convenience money is also paid to the person responsible for releasing compensation. The time frame for receiving compensation/rehabilitation money varies from 6 to 36 months. As an estimate, approximately one-fifth of the rescued children never join school after rehabilitation because of poor economic conditions of their families, and many drop out to rejoining workforce. The paper has also explored various gaps in their rehabilitation and suggested recommendations for more efficient, effective, and efficacious rehabilitation of children freed from worksites.
Factors of Coronavirus—Implications
Authors: Pais Richard
Published: April 2022

The world has seen many epidemics but the Corona virus disease (COVID-19), which started in the end of 2019, is still with us. Although COVID-19 started in China in December 2019, it spread to other countries at a great speed. As we peruse the list of COVID-19 cases, it is found to be more in Europe and America and less in Asian countries and still less in Africa. Major epidemics too were predominant in Europe and America. This article tries to examine the factors of COVID-19 such as care taken during the epidemics, racial features, immunity, and type and amount of food consumed. It also highlights the implications arising from the factors. While some factors such as ethnicity, climate, and extent of urbanization cannot be changed, factors such as increasing immunity, and type and amount of food taken could be changed.
Global Warming and Biodiversity
Authors: Khare Noopur , Singh Divya , Kant Rama , Khare Pragati
Published: April 2022

Some natural and some artificial activities are responsible for global warming, which is not only affecting the environment but also humans at an alarming rate. The effects of global warming are seen in growing biodiversity. There are many greenhouse gases, which form a thin layer in the atmosphere making the Earth's surface warmer day by day. The presence of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapors are responsible for global warming. Global warming behaves like greenhouse in which a glass chamber is incorporated that allows the sunrays to pass inside the chamber but does not allow reflecting back from the glass. Due to this, the inside temperature of the chamber becomes hotter in comparison to the outside temperature. The maintenance of the temperature inside the chamber helps plant growth.
An Overview of Hard and Soft Ticks and Their Control Methods
Authors: Inyagwa Charles Muleke , Obonyo Frederick Ojiambo , Mukolwe Donald Lubembe , Mungube Eric O.
Published: April 2022

Ticks are important ectoparasites of livestock in tropical and sub-tropical countries. They are responsible for the enormous economic losses both through the direct effects of blood sucking and indirectly as vectors of disease pathogens and toxins. Morphologically, ticks are classified into two families known as Ixodidae (hard ticks) and Argasidae (soft ticks). In this chapter, the authors provide a description of the soft and hard ticks. Emphasis is laid on the genera morphology, species, mammalian hosts, and distribution and the diseases transmitted by the ticks species. Various methods for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases using chemicals are described. A broad range of chemical acaricides used for the control of ticks on livestock are described. Conventional methods and unconventional methods for applying acaricides to protect livestock against ticks are described. Alternative methods for tick control are described. Only the most important hard and soft ticks and associated diseases are discussed within the limits of this review.
Incorporating a Global Perspective Into Future-Oriented Forest Management Scenarios
Authors: Koulelis Panagiotis P. , McDermott Constance L.
Published: April 2022

This research serves to integrate the concept of an “ecological footprint” into future-oriented forest management scenarios. Scenarios are commonly used to explore stakeholder perceptions of possible forest futures, and are typically focused on the local impacts of different management choices. This article illustrates how global footprint analysis can be incorporated into scenarios to enable local forest stakeholders in the EU to consider the impacts of their local decisions at national and global levels. This illustration could be helpful to the construction of a forest decision support system that includes wood trade information and social processes (simulation of management decisions under changing political/economic conditions). It finds that different future forest management scenarios involving a potential increase or decrease of the harvested timber, or potential increase or decrease of subsidies for forest protection, combined with various possible changes in local consumption patterns, might have impact on both “internal” (local) and “external” (non-local) forest footprints.
Baseline Climate Grid Resolution and Climate Time Step Impacts on Desert Vegetation Habitat Models
Authors: Guida Ross J. , Abella Scott R.
Published: April 2022

While it is often the assumption in environmental modeling that finer-resolution modeling is preferred, especially if computation times are not prohibitive, few studies have assessed how climate grid resolution influences the Maxent-predicted habitat of desert vegetation species. Further, drought events can occur over longer or shorter terms with drought length potentially influencing species' habitat distributions. This study uses four higher-elevation Mojave Desert plant species experiencing known habitat contractions corresponding with climatic changes to assess how sensitive Maxent species distribution models are to using 5- and 10-year averaged climate data, as well as 800-m and 4-km resampled gridded climate data. Results show there are spatial differences in models despite relatively consistent clustering of three of the species' recorded field locations, whereas predicting habitat for the more broadly ranging species results in less certainty across all models. Overall, models were more sensitive to the spatial resolution of the climate data than to the climate time step used. When considering geographic areas with high relief, such as the Newberry Mountains in southern Nevada constituting the study area, the spatial resolution of climate data has a major influence on modeled habitat. As more fine-resolution climate data become available, researchers may need to establish more plots for field collection to assess specific microclimatic effects on vegetation.
Mathematical Simulation of Anthropogenic Load on Forested Territories for Point Source
Authors: Baranovskiy Nikolay Viktorovich
Published: April 2022

An anthropogenic load is the main cause of forest fires in the vicinity of settlements and various objects of transport or industrial infrastructure. It is proposed to mark out linear and point sources of anthropogenic load. For the numerical simulation, the similarity in the processes of propagation of anthropogenic load and diffusive heat transfer was used. The quantitative characteristic of the anthropogenic load is the virtual (possible) number of forest fires in the controlled forest area. A mathematical model to predict the distribution of anthropogenic load from a point source is presented. Distributions of the virtual number of forest fires for model data from a point source of anthropogenic load are obtained. Conclusions about the patterns of the distribution of anthropogenic load from a point source are formulated. The prospects for the further development of these results are described.
Sustainable Development Through Field Vegetal Exploitation in Romania
Authors: Bran Mariana , Dobre Iuliana , Bran Stefania Daniela
Published: April 2022

The anthropic factor, expanding its vital area, has disrupted the natural system of existence. Over time, the evolution has been managed to meet the current needs of the human being in order to reach economic and geopolitical control of interest groups. The study is based on research into the living conditions and productivity of natural and cultivated ecosystems, as a scientific basis for plant production. The local natural environment exploited by field crops has been analyzed, focusing on species with a weight in agriculture. Romania has higher agricultural potential compared to the world's agricultural potential, but there are some which sporadically influences economic development. The chapter, based on rigorous analytical documentation, highlights the technological, economic, and environmental support necessary and accessible to entrepreneurs in the vegetable sector. In order to develop a sustainable farming, the chapters try to find out what types of technology are appropriate to that.
Forest-River-Ocean Nexus-Based Education for Community Development
Authors: Mizutani Shimon , Liao Kai , Sasaki Tsuyoshi Goto
Published: April 2022

Bioeconomic research aims at developing a more resource-efficient and sustainable society that uses renewable biological resources to produce food, materials, and energy. Economic supremacy causes many problems, such as global warming, depletion of fossil fuels and natural resources, and loss of biodiversity. In order to build a more sustainable society with resource efficiency, it is necessary to discuss the institutional framework, which includes environmental assessment, environmental monitoring, biological resource management, human resources management, and education. This chapter examined the effectiveness of forest-river-ocean nexus-based education for community development (FRONE) in encouraging the sustainable use of biological resources. Combined with the adaptive cycle, FRONE is considered to have the potential to promote the sustainable use of biological resources. In the future, further bioeconomic research from the point of view of the education system will be needed.
Plant DNA Barcoding
Authors: Deka Pradip Chandra
Published: April 2022

DNA barcoding has evolved as an effective species identification tool in diverse areas such as phylogeny, ecology, population genetics, and biodiversity. In this approach, a short DNA sequence from a standardized locus is employed for species identification. The technique is simple, time and cost effective, and accurate. Selection of correct DNA marker is the main criterion for success in DNA barcoding. Compared to animals, DNA barcoding is more difficult in plants, as there are multiple consensuses about selection of barcoding markers for plants DNA barcoding. Some common plant barcoding markers are chloroplast genes such as matK, rbcL, ropC1, ropB, and trnL; chloroplast intergenic specers trnH-psbA, atpF-atpH, and pdbK-psbI; and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). These markers can be used alone or in combinations with other markers or spacers. In this chapter, the basic requirements, selection of markers, databases, advantages, and limitations of DNA barcoding have been discussed.
Thermodynamic Stability of Natural Aqueous Systems
Authors: Povar Igor , Spinu Oxana , Lupascu Tudor , Duca Gheorghe
Published: April 2022

Long-term prediction of the complex chemical processes and their practical consequences is only feasible by using simulation models. The chapter presents a thermodynamic approach to the study of complex chemical equilibria in natural aqueous multicomponent systems. Its quintessence consists in the thermodynamic analysis of the conditions of various processes on the basis of derived overall thermodynamic characteristics. Ways to shift from chemical-analytical, descriptive characteristics in heterogeneous multicomponent systems “mineral – natural aqueous systems” to the quantitative study of involved chemical equilibria by thermodynamic and computer modeling are extensively described. The analyzed chemical processes include the heterogeneous interaction of minerals and aqueous solution, homogeneous reactions of hydrolysis, complex formation, and acid-base equilibria.
Examining Patterns and Impacts of Forest Resource Extraction and Forest Degradation in Tropical Dry Forests
Authors: Choksi Pooja
Published: April 2022

Forest degradation is attributed to the excessive use of forest resources and extraction, whether for subsistence or commercial purposes. With an increase in human population pressure on forests, forest degradation is becoming a concern for the conservation of biodiversity. The high human dependence on tropical dry forests underscores the need for a complete understanding of the interaction of humans and these forests to ensure their persistence and the wellbeing of the people who depend on these resources. This chapter examines forest resource use and degradation to provide a nuanced understanding of forest degradation and the impact of forest resource use.
Insights From the Forestry Value Chain's Move Into High-Value Products
Authors: Roos Göran
Published: April 2022

It seems that all industrialised sectors grounded in natural biological raw materials go through the same cycle of commencing with low-value-added products. As scientific and technical knowledge develops, this opens the pathway towards higher value-added activities, which is taken by some part of the existing firms in the sector and also by other firms outside the original sector. There may be insights to be had for an industry like the macroalgae industry that is in the early phases of this development by looking at insights from an industry that is in later phases having gone through many cycles. This chapter aims to very briefly make some illustrations from the development in the forestry-based sector that might carry some insights for the emerging macroalgae sector.
Challenges Related to Protection of Indigenous Resources Against Biopiracy
Authors: Khan Zubair Ahmed
Published: April 2022

The protection of indigenous/aboriginal resources is one of the important aspects of biodiversity justice. Many international treaties and conventions legitimised natural rights and privileges of tribal societies and indigenous communities. But some interventionist practices like a conflict of interest in bioprospecting agreement and biopiracy have become major concerns for prospering third-world countries. Strategic application of prior-informed consent and benefit-sharing procedures will definitely meet socio-environmental sustainability in the country. The responsibility and liability of state biodiversity authority and local biodiversity committee at village level need to be fixed to maintain transparency and accountability. Conservation of ethnobiological resources is also important in the view of increasing patent infringement. That's why issues of patentability must include complete disclosure of specification claims even in the case foreign natural resources.
Discourse Analysis of Indigenous Women's Construct on Biodiversity and Sustainable Development
Authors: Serrano Joane Vermudo , Gelisan Luisa Almeda , Lacaste Aurora Valladolid , Muyco Paula Grace Montierro , Alazada Noreen Dianne Sanga , Marasigan Sherry Bayot
Published: April 2022

Managing and understanding the environment and its issues is not limited to one environmental discourse but to numerous discourses. It is created through histories which result in contradictions as narratives may oppose each other. This opposition is considered an important aspect of discourse. This article explores how biodiversity and sustainable development were discursively constructed by indigenous women living in an agricultural society with distinct cultural practices closely linked to rice farming and examined the outcomes arising from their construction of biodiversity and sustainable development. Seven women farmers were interviewed and conversations were transcribed, coded and analyzed through discourse analysis using Maarten Hajer's conceptual tool. Five major discourses emerged from this study: conserving biodiversity through the notion of contrasting views on farming responsibilities, conserving biodiversity through a sense of community, sustainability of government initiatives, negotiating cultural heritage and economic benefits, and articulating sustainable development.
Forest Fire Danger Assessment Using Meteorological Trends
Authors: Badmaev Nimazhap Bayarzhapovich , Bazarov Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Sychev Roman Sergeevich
Published: April 2022

The chapter presents the results of research in the Republic of Buryatia, where the number and area of fires have increased over the past 20 years due to the rise in temperature and aridity. Most of the fires are registered in the large river valleys where pine forests are formed, which have low soil moisture capacity. Fewer fires occurred on the Eastern Sayans, Khamar-Daban ridges, and the Stanovoye Highlands, where the precipitation maximum falls. A correlation analysis was carried out between meteorological parameters and fires in climate-contrasting forests. The lack of precipitation at the end of the previous summer, combined with the hot and dry spring weather of the current year, have a significant impact on fires in the arid ecosystems of the Transbaikal middle mountains. In the humid coastal climate of the Eastern Baikal region, the high temperature of the air determines the fires, but there is no precipitation.
Participatory Exclusion in Community-Based Forest Management
Authors: Kosoe Enoch Akwasi , Beyuo Alexis , Addy-Morton Reginald
Published: April 2022

The inherent benefits of community participation are sometimes used by local power holders as a façade to perpetuate non-participation in the management and use of forest resources. Guided by the concept of participatory exclusion, the study assessed the perceptions of inhabitants around the Wa Community Forest Reserve (WCFR), concerning the categories of people that benefit from the forest and the factors influencing community participation in the management of the forest reserve. Data was collected from 200 households in three communities and analysed using mainly descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The study found that community participation in the forest reserve management is below average. Gender, age, and livelihood options of households were significant determinants of one's participation in forest reserve management. Lack of community cooperation and logistical challenges were impediments to the effective management of the forest reserve. Local authorities should therefore encourage women to co-manage the forest reserve with men and local authorities for its sustenance.
An Insight Into the Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) Associated With Protected Area Network of Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya
Authors: Arya Manoj Kumar , Verma Aman
Published: April 2022

Uttarakhand has a rich tradition to conserve its immense array of biological and cultural diversity. An annotated checklist on butterfly diversity and distribution across protected areas of state Uttarakhand is provided here which is a culmination of published literature over a period of the last 38 years (1981-2018). The list comprises 393 butterfly species under 188 genera and six families. The local status was also assigned to the compiled species of butterflies after critical review of referred literature, wherein 22.70% of the total species were found ‘rare' while 41 species of butterflies are entirely lacking published record from the last many decades. A total of 51 species compiled in the present checklist, which was reported based on its presence or absence unique and rare to a particular protected area, are the species of concern as they might face extinction through slight alterations in their habitats.
Vulnerability of Avifauna and Wildlife to Tourism Impacts
Authors: Salgueiro Joana , Vieira José Guilherme Moreira Simões , Vieira Luis R. , Azeiteiro Ulisses M. , Soares Amadeu M. V. M. , Morgado Fernando
Published: April 2022

The chapter is developed on a two approach basis. In the first, it analyzed a global contextualization of the vulnerability of avifauna and wildlife to tourism impacts, where a transversal diagnosis is made. The vulnerability of wildlife to disturbance is complex and several studies suggest that animals undergoing non-threatening, predictable, and frequent disturbances can become familiarized and opportunistic. The results of a case study about tourist activities impact on birds with high and urgent importance in an environmental protection area (Cananéia-Iguape, Brazil) are also analyzed. This study consisted of fieldwork through the methodology of fixed points. The objective was to identify ecological indicators most likely to be threatened by tourism, the identification of bird species and of tourism activities susceptible to human presence. The results obtained demonstrate the need for the creation of buffer zones and the introduction of information signs. These are tools that can be used to promote the coexistence of wildlife and tourism.
Climate Change Effects on Venomous Snakes
Authors: Bouazza Abdellah , El Hidan Moulay Abdelmonaim , Aimrane Abdelmohcine , Kahime Kholoud , Lansari Aziza , Laaradia Mehdi Ait , Lahouaoui Hasna , Moukrim Abdellatif
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the evidence of a relationship between climatic changes and snake species distribution in relation with the snakebites risk increment against human populations. The global climatic change is a key factor leading to snake species behavioral changes mainly because of the rise of temperature. The variety of venomous snakes and their related potency toward human being have been well documented. Thus, this may serve as a basic knowledge for any preventive act in the face of snake toxins and their caused physiopathological and clinical effects. In addition, several studies have shown that global warming have caused a change in snake habitat and distribution, thus leading to an increase of overlapped human and snake populations living territories which raise up the risk of envenomation. Globally, more than 20,000 deaths occur every year with a high tendency to increase. Thus, consideration of human risk of envenomation may be fundamental to the effective intervention in epidemiological and clinical scales.
Pesticides and Their Impact on Aquatic Microorganisms
Authors: Aziz Riyes Un , Sameena
Published: April 2022

Microorganisms are the most dominant natives of aquatic ecosystems, where they fulfill very specific roles in primary productivity, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Microorganisms get naturally exposed to pesticides in aquatic environments by the direct and indirect supply. The microorganism can make use of components entering the environment as feeding substrate for building material or a source of energy thus affecting balance in the ecosystem. Natural population possesses a number of responses to these contaminants, and quickest reaction has been reported from the microorganisms. Pesticides may affect the population dynamics by controlling individual reproduction, survival, and by changing sex ratio. The following patterns are recognized as effects of pesticides at the ecosystem and community levels like an increase of species richness reduction of energy transfer efficiency from primary producers to top predators. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to review the significance of pesticides and their effects on aquatic microorganism and to study their ecological significance.
Litter Production and Decomposition in Tropical Forest
Authors: Chakravarty Sumit , Rai Prakash , Vineeta  , Pala Nazir A. , Shukla Gopal
Published: April 2022

Plant litter production and decomposition is a crucial ecosystem process that defines and governs the plant-soil relationships by regulating the nutrient turnover and the build-up of soil organic matter. Litter is the principal source of organic matter for soils in the forest ecosystem. The litter, upon decomposition, makes available essential nutrients for the growth and development of a forest stand. Different tree components contain different amounts of nutrients; and build up of soil organic matter. The amount of nutrients added through litter decomposition varies with forest types, species, stand attributes, and variation in seasonal environmental conditions. Nutrient return from organic matter is estimated by the physico-chemical properties of the litter. Moreover, the rate of decomposition and the nutrient releases are highly influenced by magnitude of litter produced, litter quality and nutrients release, as well as, by climatic conditions and existing microbial communities in the soil system. Ecological impact of carbon and nutrient dynamics in the litter layer is considerable in a forest ecosystem.
Biodiversity Conservation and Unmet Social and Health Needs in the Rural Communities of Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Olufemi Lawal Musediq , Kenneth Irhue Young
Published: April 2022

The establishment that 70% of the world's poor residing in rural areas depends directly on biodiversity for their well-being has ignited the call for sustainable usage of biological resources. Biodiversity conservation has thus become a novel project with noble intention of providing a habitat and protection from hunting for threatened and endangered species and ecological processes that cannot survive in most intensely managed landscapes. Nigeria has created protected areas under the coordination of National Park Services in line with this. As a result, residents of communities surrounding the protected areas could not meet their basic needs like employment, water provision, educational facilities, medical services, energy supply, livestock grazing, and motorable roads. They have subsequently deviated from the extant rules that guide their conducts and by ensuing difficulties see biodiversity conservation as an elitist policy despite their understanding of the idea behind it.
Poverty Alleviation, Ecotourism, and Biodiversity Protection in Príncipe Island
Authors: Matos Alda
Published: April 2022

Príncipe is the smallest of the two São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) islands and site of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Two-thirds of its seven thousand inhabitants are poor, and the productive fabric does not generate enough resources for poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation. Moreover, STP archipelago belongs to the group of small island developing states (SIDS), recognised by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development as a particular case, and international funding for development and sustainability support is available. In addition, the autonomous government of Príncipe identified ecotourism as a niche market to develop, establishing goals for this activity. This chapter presents some results of the actions that have been promoted. In future work, the author studies the case of Cape Verde, another Portuguese speaking SIDS, aiming to understand what has been done in terms of poverty alleviation and its impacts.
Social Mediatization of Biodiversity
Authors: Castro-Margate Leia Fidelis Gisela Fiadchongan
Published: April 2022

In January 2018, the Mount Pulag National Park in the northern Philippines caught fire. As a key biodiversity area and popular ecotourism and mountaineering site, the burning also lit a fire among social media users. This article follows the viral posts and the social media commentary using social mediatization as a lens. It aims to look into the constructs on biodiversity of social media users using textual analysis. Without using scientific terminology, social media users have been able to show a profound understanding of biodiversity. These includes the concepts of natural regeneration, ecological balance, deep ecology, and normative constructs on how the public should treat nature following the ‘leave no trace' philosophy. They have also issued calls for better management of the national park and bringing to justice of those responsible for its degradation.
Managing Natural Heritage Resources and Tourism in Campeche, Mexico
Authors: Rivera-Arriaga Evelia , Williams-Beck Lorraine A. , Tapia Ramón H. Zetina
Published: April 2022

Natural heritage sites and natural protected areas (NPAs) attract tourism. However, positive/negative connotations correlate visitors with such places. While they may represent benefits and opportunities for the conservation and wellbeing of local communities, they also can produce direct and indirect adverse impacts that alter and destroy ecosystems and natural resources. This collateral damage affects all parties and natural and biocultural contexts involved. Through case studies in Campeche and Mexico's southern states region, the authors argue that drafting precise management schemes for these natural heritage sites and NPAs are key factors to promoting sustainability, particularly by adding community input and true ecotourism activities into their planning strategies.
Role of Cities in Native Woody Species Conservation and Carbon Storage Insight From Niger
Authors: Moussa Soulé , Karim Saley , Tougiani Abasse Amadou , Kyereh Boateng , Saadou Mahamane
Published: April 2022

Loss of native tree species constitutes a major socio-economic and ecological problem. Nevertheless, there is scanty data on the role of Sahelian cities in native woody species conservation and climate change mitigation. This study tried to determine the native woody diversity, structure, and carbon stocks in Niamey, and Maradi, Niger. The study used the plot method to inventory dendrometric variables based on a stratified sampling approach from peri-urban areas to the built environment. Biodiversity indices and allometric models were used for the data analysis. A total of 63 native woody species representing 47 genera and 24 families were recorded in the overall urban forests in two cities. In Niamey, 46 species belonging to 35 genera and 19 families were recorded while in Maradi, 50 species, 41 genera, and 19 families were inventoried. Fabaceae was the dominant families in both cities with equal richness (13 species).
Perception of Local People on Land Use Change
Authors: Paba Herath H. M. , Nianthi K. W. G. Rekha
Published: April 2022

The land use of the Belihuloya catchment area in Sri Lanka has been changing over a long period mainly due to the human activities. The study was aimed to find out the spatial and temporal changes of land use in the Belihuloya Mini Catchment area of 1956 to 2015, and obtain the local people's perception of the effects of land-use changes in Belihuloya. To study the people's perceptions of land use change, a questionnaire survey was conducted among randomly selected 180 households. Aerial data of 1956 and satellite data of 2015 were used to analyze the land use changes. The vegetation cover maps of 1956 and 2015, demonstrated the drastic changes of land use in Belihuloya. More than 50% of the respondents in the study area perceived that the land use has been changing due to the construction activities, forest fires, illegal loggings, pine and tea cultivation and the expansion of built-up areas. The deforestation has badly effected on water resources in the Belihuloya. The reforestation programs, including community-based reforestation programs can be introduced to minimize the impacts. It is necessary to implement existing legal frameworks with supports of different stakeholders to conserve the Belihuloya.
Biodiversity Assessment for Asian Highway 48 (Near Jaldapara National Park) From Bhutan to Bangladesh Passing Through India
Authors: Bagrecha Devyani , Rathoure Ashok K.
Published: April 2022

In the present study, the authors have elaborated a case study for the biodiversity assessment for Asian Highway 48 (Chainage 84.775 km to 87.690 km) passing through Jaldapara National Park located in Alipurdwar District of West Bengal state of India. The objectives of the study were to assess the biological diversity within the specified area (1.65 km2) to establish the baseline status of floral and faunal species. Here, we have covered flora and fauna for the assessment as well as quantitative study covering frequency, density, dominance, IVI, Shannon Wiener Index, variance, etc. The area is ecologically sensitive as endangered species were observed; animals like elephants used to cross the road very frequently. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to prepare the conservation plan for elephants and other REET species in the Jaldapara National Park to conserve the endangered species in situ.
Measuring the Success of ERP via Organizational Climate Constructs
Authors: Akrong Godwin Banafo , Shao Yunfei , Owusu Ebenezer
Published: April 2022

Agencies depend on enterprise resource planning (ERP) to achieve success. However, the factors that lead to the success and use of these ERP systems have not attracted the needed attention. This study investigates the factors that influence the success and use of an ERP system. The proposed model is based on a quantitative and a mixed-method case study (MM-CS). The results show that organizational climate has a positive effect on information quality, system quality, and service quality constructs of the DeLone and McLean IS success model. The quality constructs also affect user satisfaction negatively as compared to previous studies.
Significant Differences in the Value of the Void Fraction in Various Types of Low-Viscosity Two-Phase Flow Patterns in Capillary Tubes with a Particular Slope
Authors: Sukamta  , Zulkarnain Wildan , Sudarja  , Sundari Sri , Syamsiro Mochamad
Published: April 2022

A two-phase flow is the simplest form of multi-phase flow. Two-phase flow has basic parameters, including flow behavior, flow pattern, void fraction, pressure gradient, or pressure drop. The development and application of fluid flow in small channels (mini and micro) are in the Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS). In general, the application of two-phase flow can be found in various applications in the industrial world, such as boilers, cores, and steam generators in nuclear reactors, petroleum transportation, electronic cooling, and different other types of chemical reactors. One of the most common challenges is void fractions and flow patterns in horizontal and vertical pipelines. The purpose of this study was to find out the significant difference in the characteristic value of fundamental parameters, primarily void fractions and flow patterns that occur in capillary pipes with a slope of 15o to horizontal. The fraction value and shape of this flow pattern are essential because it determines the pressure drop value, which means determining the level of danger that can occur if the pressure drop value reaches the extreme value. The fluid used a mixture of air-water and glycerin with 0, 10, 20, and 30% concentrations. To determine the void fraction is used digital image processing method with MATLAB R2014a application. A 1200 fps high-speed camera and 640 x 480-pixel resolution are used for video shooting. The experiment was conducted at superficial gas (JG) velocities of 0.025 - 66.3 m/s and superficial fluid velocities (JG) intervals of 0.033 – 4.935 m/s. The experiment results showed a significant difference between the void fraction value for the bubbly flow pattern and the churn flow pattern, which has not been widely discussed in previous studies. The analysis concluded that the higher the velocity of superficial gases, the void fraction value increases. This increase in the void fraction is why there is a significant change in flow patterns from bubble flow patterns to churn. In addition, it was also found that the increased viscosity of the fluid significantly affected changes in flow patterns, incredibly bubbly and plug, but its velocity decreased. It is also the result that the higher homogeneous void fraction (β) value affects the increase in the length of bubbly flow patterns and plugs.