bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring dan Evaluasi Light Rail Transit (LRT) Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Yunianti Wina , Buchari Erika , Agustien Melawaty
Published: February 2025

Palembang is the first city in Indonesia to have light rail transit. Enthusiasm for the LRT was high enough that the number of passengers reached 2,619,159 people in 2019. 2020 there was a drastic decline due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the number of passengers decreased to 1,053,637. The problem in the field is that after COVID-19, there was a decrease in the number of passengers by up to 59.8% from 2019. Apart from that, there is no monitoring system to monitor the growth of LRT passengers. Therefore, Monitoring and evaluation need to be carried out to monitor and supervise the progress of policy performance implemented by the South Sumatra Light Rail Center and assess whether the performance is on target and by its objectives. This research aims to evaluate the performance of the LRT and the policies that have been implemented. This research uses operational data, analytical methods, and descriptive analysis. Research results show that the number of passengers in 2023 will increase by 10,299 per day compared to 2022, of 8,436 per day. Several policies implemented by the light rail center to increase LRT passengers include providing shopping trolleys at Ampera station, student subscription cards, and others. People with disabilities and the community, as well as delivering feeder transportation.
ABSTRAK
Kota Palembang merupakan kota pertama di Indonesia yang memiliki kereta api ringan listrik. LRT Sumatera Selatan. Antusiasme masyarakat terhadap LRT cukup tinggi sehingga jumlah penumpang mencapai 2.619.159 pada tahun 2019. Tahun 2020 terjadi penurunan yang drastis akibat pandemic covid-19, jumlah penumpang menurun menjadi 1.053.637 penumpang. Masalah yang terlihat dilapangan saat habis Covid 19 adalah penurunan jumlah penumpang sampai 59,8% dari tahun 2019. Selain itu belum ada system monitoring untuk mengawal pertumbuhan penumpang LRT. Monitoring dan evaluasi dilakukan untuk memantau dan mengawal progres kinerja dari kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh balai kereta api ringan sumatera Selatan dan menilai kinerja apakah tepat sasaran dan sesuai tujuannya karena jika tidak di monitor bisa terjadi penyimpangan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi kinerja LRT dan kebijakan yang telah dilakukan. Penelitian menggunaka metode analisis  data operasional dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penumpang tahun 2023 meningkat 10.299 perhari yang sebelumnya 8.436 perhari pada tahun 2022. Balai kereta api ringan melakukan beberapa kebijakan untuk meningkatkan penumpang LRT seperti Tas Troley belanja di stasiun ampera, kartu berlangganan untuk pelajar, disabilitas, dan masyarakat serta menyediakan angkutan feeder.
Blood Cell Profiles and Metamorphosis of Rice Field Frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) after Heavy Metal Copper (II) Sulfate Exposure
Authors: Haryanto Haryanto , Fitri Fadillya Maulidilla , Nurhayati Sari , Fadilla Aghniya Nur Rizka
Published: February 2025

Tadpoles represent a critical stage in frog metamorphosis and are particularly susceptible to environmental stressors. Heavy metals, such as copper, are common industrial pollutants that adversely affect aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of copper (II) sulfate on the blood cell profiles and metamorphic development of rice field frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) tadpoles. Experimental treatments included a positive control (mineral water), a negative control (Propylthiouracil / PTU 0.1 gL-1), and exposure to heavy metal of copper (II) sulfate 0.01 mgL-1 (Cu (II)). Each treatment group comprised nine tadpoles, maintained for 14 days under controlled conditions. After 14 days, the survival rate of tadpoles exposed to Cu (II) was 66.67%. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that Cu (II) exposure significantly impacted blood cell profiles (p < 0.05). Specifically, Cu (II) exposure led to reduced nuclear size, increased immature erythrocytes, and a higher percentage of abnormal erythrocytes. Although metamorphic growth parameters did not differ significantly among treatments (p > 0.05), Cu (II) exposure accelerated skin pigmentation and induced tail abnormalities, including tumor-like formations. These findings demonstrate that Cu (II) is toxic to the blood cells and induces morphological abnormalities in F. cancrivora tadpoles, highlighting the potential ecological risks of copper contamination in aquatic habitats.
Pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Unggulan di Kecamatan Ambulu, Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Firmansyah Regie , Badriani Ririn Endah , Listyawati Ratih Novi
Published: February 2025

Kecamatan Ambulu memiliki potensi pariwisata, mulai dari obyek wisata alam, buatan hingga budaya terdapat di Kecamatan Ambulu , dengan total keseluruhan delapan (8) obyek wisata. Potensi pariwisata yang dimiliki Kecamatan Ambulu berbanding lurus dengan kebijakan yang ada di Kabupaten Jember. Kabupaten Jember ditetapkan masuk dalam kluster ijen dimana kluster  ijen merupakan kluster yang terentuk dari kesamaan sektor unggulan yakni agrowisata (sektor pariwisata, perkebunan dan perikanan), selain itu pada RPJMD Jatim 2019 - 2024 Kabupaten Jember juga termasuk dalam koridor pariwisata dan maritim itu berarti kondisi eksisting Kabupaten Jember sangat mendukung berkembangnya sektor pariwisata. Namun dalam perkembangannya belum ada kebijakan atau arahan mengenai pariwisa ta, hanya ada pada salah satu misi di RPJMD Kabupaten Jember 2016 – 2021 yakni  “Meningkatkan kontribusi sektor pariwisata dalam rangka mewujudkan jember sebagai salah satu destinasi wisata utama Jawa Timur”,  hal tersebut menjadi kontras dimana Kecamatan dengan Potensi terbesar justru tidak ada arahan strategi khusus mengenai pariwisata.
Pemecahan masalah pengembangan obyek wisata unggulan di Kecamatan Ambulu dilakukan dalam metode Mix Methods yakni mencari data kualitatif dengan metode kuantitatif. Adapun analisis yang digunakan untuk memecahkan permasalahan ini adalah analisis skoring dan analisis AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Analisis skorinng digunakan untuk mencari klasifikasi perkembangan obyek wista di Kecamatan Ambulu yang belum diketahui sebelumnya, dan persepsi wisatawan terhadap obyek wisata sehingga didapatkan strategi pengembangan sesuai dengan klasifikasi. Sementara AHP digunakan untuk menyusun arahan strategi yang didasarkan pada prioritas pengembangan yang yang telah di pilih oleh para pakar, adapun pakar yang dipilih berasal dari Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Jember, OPD Kecamatan Ambulu dan POKMAS yang ada pada Kecamatan Ambulu. Hasil akhir yang di harapkan dari studi ini adalah arahan strategi dapat dijadikan sebuah masukan kepada Pemerintah Kabupaten Jember sebagai salah satu perwujudan atau opsi dalam penyusunan kebijakan mengenai wisata sesuai dengan misi RPJMD Kabupaten Jember, serta meningkakan dan membangun kesadaran masyarakat Kecamatan Ambulu tentang pentingnya pengembangan suatu kawasan wisata dalam meningkatkan taraf hidup dalam sektor perekonomian.
Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Perubahan Sektor Unggulan Ekonomi di Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Farizkha Ivan Agusta , Nugraha Cahyadi Setya , Ilhaq Robit Dahnial
Published: February 2025

Pandemi Covid-19 telah memberikan kontraksi terhadap perekonomian di Kabupaten Jember. Pada tahun 2020 perekonomian di Kabupaten Jember turun sebesar -2,98 persen, dengan sekor lapangan usaha yang mengalami laju pertumbuhan minus tertinggi dialami oleh Lapangan Usaha Jasa Lainnya (-14,35%), Penyedia Akomodasi dan Makan Minum (-13,26%), dan Jasa Kontruksi (-6,74%). Penurunan yang cukup siginikan tersebut dilatar belakangi oleh adanya pembatasan kegiatan sesuai dengan kebijakan untuk mengurangi penuralan Covid-19 di Kabupaten Jember, mengingat Kabupaten Jember tergolong wilayah dengan kasus penularan nomor – 4 tertinggi di Jawa Timur. Analisis ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak pandemic terhadap perubahan sektor unggulan di Kabupaten Jember. Metode kajian menggunakan analisis LQ (Location Quontient) dan DLQ (Dinamic Location Quotient), dimana kedua analisis tersebut bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sektor unggulan di Kabupaten Jember selama lima tahun terakhir. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa sebelum terjadinya pandemic terdapat beberapa sektor yang secara konsisten tergolong sektor unggulan yaitu lapangan usaha Pertanian, Kehutanan, dan Perikanan, dan Lapangan Usaha Jasa Pendidikan. Adapun beberapa sektor lapangan usaha unggulan yang cenderung mengalami perubahan sebelum terjadinya pandemi terdiri dari Lapangan Usaha Pertambangan, Informasi dan Komunikasi, Administrasi Pemerintahan, Pertahanan, dan Jaminan Sosial Wajib, dan Jasa Kesehatan dan Kegiatan Sosial. Dampak pandemic Covid-19 telah menyebabkan keseluruhan sektor lapangan usaha yang sebelumnya tergolong unggulan berubah menjadi prospektif atau adanya pendemi telah berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan sektor unggulan di Kabupaten Jember.
University of Dundee, School of Life Sciences, Annual Report 2024: Public Engagement
Authors:   University of Dundee, Cameron Amy , Hardee Erin ,   University of Dundee, Floyd Ali ,   University of Dundee, Stanley-Wall Nicola ,   University of Dundee, Patrick Sarah ,   Dundee Research Interest Group
Published: February 2025

Led by our newly refreshed strategy, 2024 saw us focusing on ways to further embed public engagement within the School’s practices to create a sustainable way of working. It was important to us to ensure more researchers integrated public engagement costs into their grant proposals to further enhance the work we’re able to do and allow them to communicate their research more widely. We reviewed and redeveloped resources to support researchers in their applications and worked with colleagues in finance and research support to ensure correct procedures are followed.

Our approach to public engagement continues to evolve, addressing diverse audiences with innovative methods. In 2024, we prioritized connecting with patient groups, their carers, and other stakeholders, to reflect our expanding research portfolio. The growth of the Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) Network, co-led by staff from Life Sciences, has been a highlight, fostering collaboration across the University. Partnering with PPI experts in the School of Medicine, we expanded support for researchers, further amplifying our impact.
Role of ‘OMICS’ technologies in the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease
Authors:   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khavkin A.I. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Nalyotov A.V. ,   M.Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk, Russian Federation, Shumilov P.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

Crohn’s disease demonstrates heterogeneity in clinical presentation, anatomical involvement, clinical course, and response to therapy. Although the pathophysiology of Crohn’s disease is stll far from clear, the established complex interaction of “omics” – genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metagenomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and immunophenomics – provides numerous targets for identifying potential molecular markers of the disease. Advances in technologies have allowed the identification of small molecules within omics data that can be used to differentiate the types of Crohn’s disease, determine the risks of complications and therapeutic outcomes. The multi-omics future of Crohn’s disease is promising, with potential for progress in understanding its pathogenesis and implementing personalized medicine.
Parents’ knowledge and concerns about chronic constipation in children
Authors:   University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq, Alhasani A.A. , Mohammed H.J. ,   University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
Published: February 2025

Chronic constipation in the pediatric age group is one of the major health problems that has a significant impact on both the child and the family. In most cases, constipation has no recognizable underlying organic cause (functional), but there are certainly many serious medical and surgical conditions that should be considered.
Objective. To analyze the parents’ knowledge and concerns about the problem of chronic constipation in their children.
Patients and methods. This article presents a cross-sectional study involving parents of children with chronic constipation. The study was conducted from January 2022 to January 2023. Questionnaires were obtained from patients’ families during their visits to outpatient and private clinics as well as inpatient facilities in Basrah city, southern Iraq. Parents were interviewed about their knowledge and concerns regarding the impact of chronic constipation and its treatment on quality of life, as well as the main symptoms of the condition in children.
Results. A total of 157 children with chronic constipation were included in this study, of which 97 (61.8%) were males and 60 (38%) were females. The duration of constipation was found to be significantly influenced by parental education level and income. The main family concern caused by prolonged constipation was the need for surgical intervention – in 95 (60.5%) cases. Most parents were not aware of the causes of constipation in their children (60 (38.2%)). The disease significantly affected the quality of life of children and their parents (128 (82.2%)).
Conclusion. Chronic constipation in children has a significant impact on the life quality of parents and is a cause of concern. The duration of constipation was influenced by parental education level and family income.
Key words: chronic constipation, family concern, chronic symptoms
Trajectories of rapid growth in infancy as a predictor of obesity in later childhood
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Kovtun O.P. , Ustyuzhanina M.A. ,   Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Pervov A.A. ,   Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Solodushkin S.I. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Brodovskaya T.O. ,   Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

Objective. To describe growth trajectories in infancy in obese children aged 6 years.
Patients and methods. This single-center cohort study enrolled children with obesity and normal weight and was conducted in two phases. The first phase (2014–2016) – a retrospective study of body weight and length at 0–1–3–6–6–12–18 months in obese children born in 1997–1998 and in their healthy peers; the second phase (2022–2024) – a retrospective study of body weight and length at 0–1–3–6–6–9–12–15–18 months in obese children born in 2013–2016 and in their peers with normal BMI. Graphs of linear growth (length-for-age SDS) and increase in weight relative to length (weight-for-length SDS) were plotted, and the characteristics of postnatal growth were analyzed depending on the prenatal growth pattern in children.
Results. Obese children born in 1997–1998 had higher values of length-for-age SDS by 15 month of age (p < 0.05), which was uncharacteristic of children in the next generation (p > 0.05). Children born in 2013–2016 had greater body length and weight at birth (greater values of weight-for-length SDS) than children born in 1997–1998. The gap between patient groups in terms of weight- for-length SDS was clearly visible already at 3 months of age (p < 0.05), and the significance in the rate of increase in weight-for-length SDS was maintained; in children born between 2013 and 2016, significant differences became apparent only by 12 months of age (p < 0.05). Children born large for gestational age showed excessive increase in weight-for-length SDS only after 12 months of age.
Conclusion. A change in the pattern of early weight gain was found. Active weight gain relative to body length shifted to after 12 months of age, which may be due to external factors rather than true “catch-up growth” associated with intrauterine malnutrition. These findings create additional emphasis on weight gain relative to length, including in the second year of life.
Key words: body length, weight, growth patterns, obesity, child growth, growth trajectories
Diagnosis of acute kidney injury in children with moderate acute intestinal infection
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chugunova O.L. , Grebenkina E.Yu. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, Russian Federation, Muzyka A.D. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, Russian Federation, Usenko D.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shumilov P.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

Objective. To optimize the diagnosis of kidney failure in children with acute intestinal infections of moderate severity without hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS).
Patients and methods. This study included 270 children aged 1 to 7 years hospitalized at the G.N.Speransky Children’s City Clinical Hospital No 9 with moderate acute intestinal infections (AII). All patients were divided into the study group (children with AII with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) without HUS, n = 37) and the comparison group (children with AII without AKI, n = 233). Serum levels of cystatin C and lipocalin-2, as well as urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) were evaluated as early markers of AKI. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using various formulas: Schwartz formula (1976), “bedside” Schwartz formula (2009), and based on serum levels of cystatin C.
Results. The value of GFR calculated with Schwartz formula (1976) was found to be less sensitive for early diagnosis of AKI than with “bedside” Schwartz formula (2009) or based on cystatin C. In 86.4% of cases, patients with AII and AKI had no or inadequate prehospital oral rehydration. Stage 1 AKI according to KDIGO was diagnosed in 36 (97.3%) cases, stage 2 AKI – in 1 (2.7%) case. For timely diagnosis of kidney failure in children with AII, it is reasonable to estimate serum levels of cystatin C and lipocalin-2, which have higher sensitivity (94.6% and 97.3%, respectively) and specificity (84.5% and 85.8%, respectively) than uKIM-1 or its ratio to urinary creatinine, which was high on admission in both groups, regardless of the presence of AKI.
Conclusion. High frequency of AII in children accompanied by dehydration may be complicated by the development of AKI even in moderate course of disease. If AKI is diagnosed, it is recommended to consult a nephrologist for therapy correction and dynamic observation to monitor kidney function recovery.
Key words: children, lipocalin-2, acute intestinal infection, acute kidney injury, glomerular filtration rate, cystatin C
Modern fermented dairy products: modulating effects on children’s health
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shumilov P.V. , Ryazanova O.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kovalenko A.A. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khandamirova O.O. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

A balanced diet in early childhood is essential to ensure morphological and functional maturation of organs and systems, harmonious development, and formation of protective and adaptive mechanisms against infections and other unfavorable environmental factors. A critical period for the development of eating disorders is early age, when there is a gradual transition to adult nutrition. It is during this period that taste preferences and habits are formed and become lifelong. Many noncommunicable diseases in adults, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, originate in childhood, and the gut microbiota plays a leading role in these processes. One possible way to prevent and solve emerging health problems is to lead a healthy lifestyle and a rational diet with the use of functional products. Yogurt is a safe, accessible and easily digestible fermented dairy product that provides children’s bodies with essential nutrients. Its consumption correlates with healthier dietary and lifestyle choices, less consumption of high-calorie snacks and sweets, which in turn potentially reduces the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. The benefits of probiotic yogurt are due to its mediated effects on the gut microbiota, strengthening of innate and adaptive immune responses, which is manifested in a reduced frequency of allergic disease exacerbation, acute respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
Key words: children, non-communicable diseases, balanced diet, yogurt, probiotics
MODIFICATION OF THE DECOMPOSITION METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING MULTIVARIATE POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION WHICH IS LINEAR WITH RESPECT TO UNKNOWN COEFFICIENTS
Authors: Pavlov Alexander , Holovchenko Maxim , Drozd Valeriia
Published: February 2025

The authors created a universal method of constructing multivariate polynomial regression given by a redundant representation. The method is synthetic, it organically combines a decomposition method and the modified group method of data handling. First, the decomposition method is implemented, it consists in the decomposition of the multivariate problem into a sequence of subproblems of constructing univariate polynomial regressions and the corresponding systems of linear equations, the variables of which are estimates for the nonlinear terms of the multivariate polynomial regression. Partial cases that guarantee the finding of estimates with a predetermined value of their variances were considered. The formal algorithm for constructing coefficient estimates for nonlinear terms of the multivariate polynomial regression stops working on the first coefficient whose estimation with a predetermined accuracy is not achieved under the specified limitations on the number of tests. The estimation of all coefficients that were not found by the decomposition method is done by a heuristic method, which is an efficient modification of the group method of data handling. The increase in the efficiency of the synthetic method is achieved primarily by finding such new theoretically substantiated algorithmic procedures (aggregated operators) of the decomposition method, which significantly, in comparison with its previous version, increases the number of coefficients for nonlinear terms of a multivariate polynomial regression that can be found in advance given accuracy. The authors showed that this effect is achieved due to new theoretical provisions used in the visual analysis of the structure of the multivariate polynomial regression given by the redundant representation by a professional user. The given illustrative example facilitates the use of the presented results when solving practical problems.
Weight Loss Before Total Hip Arthroplasty Was Not Associated with Decreased Postoperative Risks
Authors: Seward Michael W. , Grimm Jessica A. , Hannon Charles P. , Bedard Nicholas A. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Many surgeons use body mass index (BMI) cutoffs when offering total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, little is known about who loses weight before THA, and if weight loss improves outcomes. This study determined how many patients lost weight before primary THA, identified predictors of preoperative weight loss, and evaluated whether preoperative weight loss was associated with improved outcomes.

Methods:

Among 53,038 primary THAs that were performed between 2002 and 2019, we identified 2,463 patients who had a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 (measured 1 to 24 months before surgery) and had their weight measured at the time of surgery. The mean age was 66 years; 47% were women. The mean BMI was 35 kg/m2. Nonparametric models evaluated potential associations with weight loss. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the impact of preoperative weight change on hospital length of stay, discharge disposition, operative time, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), complications, revision, and reoperation. The mean follow-up was 5 years.

Results:

Overall, 17% of the patients gained >5 pounds (2.27 kg), 38% maintained their weight, 16% lost 5 to <10 pounds (4.54 kg), 17% lost 10 to <20 pounds (9.07 kg), and 12% lost ≥20 pounds before THA. Only 28% of patients with a preoperative BMI of ≥40 kg/m2 achieved a BMI of <40 kg/m2 by the time of surgery; those who did required a mean of 1.3 years to lose the weight. In multivariable analyses, there were no significant improvements in operative time, length of stay, and discharge disposition, or survivorship free of PJI, complication, revision, or reoperation for any weight-loss category when compared with those who maintained their weight.

Conclusions:

Only 12% of patients lost ≥20 pounds, and only 28% of patients with a BMI of ≥40 kg/m2 achieved a BMI of <40 kg/m2 before primary THA. There was no decrease in complications, revisions, or reoperations for any preoperative weight-loss category when compared with those who maintained their weight. While weight loss benefits overall health, the results of this study call into question whether preoperative weight loss alone is enough to reduce postoperative complications for most patients.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Nonclassical growth of immiscible high-entropy materials
Authors: Li Zhaosheng , Zhang Yuanming , Li Yang , Xu Xiaoming , Chen Yong , Li Zhonghua , Yan Xuexi , Zou Zhigang , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Ho Ghim Wei
Published: February 2025

The thermodynamic instability of phase separation in multi-metal crystal growth has been a long-standing challenge. Therefore, overcoming miscibility obstacle due to high lattice symmetry without extremely high temperatures has been elusive. Here, we developed a general nonclassical growth route to address metal miscibility under mild conditions, which was ascribed to in-plane atomic attachment due to the supersaturated confinement effect of the thermosensitive superstructure (TSS) substrate, a metastable intermediate. The structure exhibits an oscillatory growth pattern and evolves from short-range order to medium-range order, allowing significant reduction in the binding energy of surface heteroatoms. This prevents individual atoms from collapsing into a disordered state under the heat generated upon binding. We confirmed adsorbate-substrate interactions via an inverted volcano trend scaling relationship from 28 metals based on thousands of scale active learning calculations. As a proof of principle, we synthesized both high-entropy single atoms with anti-sintering temperatures exceeding 1200 K and highly-conductive high-entropy metallenes sheathing extremely immiscible elements. These revelations forge a new frontier for high-entropy materials, holding profound implications for interdisciplinary scientific progresses.
Bioengineered ferritin-based LYTAC platform for tumor-targeted therapy
Authors: Fan Kelong , Zhang Shuai , Jin Yiliang , Hou Yaxin , Tang Guoheng , Wang Zhuoran , Chen Xuehui , Yan Xiyun
Published: February 2025

Lysosome-targeted chimeras (LYTACs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents because of their ability to degrade pathogenesis-related proteins. However, the current LYTAC systems often require considerable effort for individual construction and are devoid of a convenient and efficient modular platform. Here, we developed a modular human heavy chain ferritin (HFn)-based LYTAC platform by harnessing its unique protein cage structure and its capacity for endocytosis into lysosomes via tumor-specific overexpression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1). This LYTAC platform consists of two components: a bioengineered HFn-based scaffold with optimized binding affinity for TfR1 and an affibody against a protein of interest (POI), which can be conveniently and stably conjugated through the SpyTag-SpyCatcher system. A series of HFn-LYTACs were constructed with the capacity to efficiently degrade different POIs, including epidermal growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and programmed death-ligand 1. Further investigations indicated that the HFn-LYTAC platform mediated the degradation of POI through two distinct mechanisms: a TfR1-dependent endocytic pathway and multivalent interactions between HFn-LYTAC and POI. In vivo experiments demonstrated that HFn-LYTACs effectively inhibited tumor progression while maintaining favorable biosafety profiles. Therefore, the modular HFn-LYTAC platform represents a versatile, efficient, and promising strategy for tumor-targeted therapy.
Drought and Agricultural Prices in Mexico
Authors: Hernández-del-Valle Adrián , Kimura Herbert , Bustamante Mario Duran , Alataş Sedat
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
This study investigates the relationship between meteorological conditions and agricultural economics in Mexico from 1988 to 2024, with a focus on the impact of drought conditions measured by the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) on agricultural prices, as indicated by the Agricultural Consumer Price Index (Agro CPI).
Methods:
Using SPI values over one-month and 24-month periods, we conducted a cluster analysis to examine how precipitation variability affects agricultural prices. The Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) was employed for this analysis due to its efficiency with large datasets and minimal parameter requirements.
Results:
The analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between prolonged drought periods and Agro CPI, especially in drought-prone clusters. The study found that the effects of drought on agricultural prices are cumulative, with the full impact appearing over successive growing seasons. The 24-month SPI was determined to be a better predictor of the long-term effects of drought on Agro CPI than the one-month SPI.
Conclusion:
These findings underscore the importance of considering long-term drought impacts in agricultural planning and market forecasting, highlighting critical insights for policymakers and stakeholders involved in agriculture and food security.
Capturing Failure Mechanisms in Vanadium Oxide Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Li Zhi , Xie Xuesong , Yang Yang , Li Yifan , Rohit Sinha , Tan Xuehai , Jiang Keren , Xie Minggang , Chen Ning
Published: February 2025

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) attract increasing attention as alternative energy storage technologies due to their merits of safety and low cost. However, the continuous dissolution of active materials in vanadium oxide-based ZIBs has posed an unavoidable challenge. Here, we systematically analyzed the dissolution mechanism using both ex-situ and in-situ methods. Experimental and theoretical analyses revealed an excessive reduction in vanadium valence following H+ insertion at potentials above 1.0 V (vs. Zn2+/Zn), primarily contributing to vanadium dissolution rather than Zn2+ insertion. Protons preferentially form monodentate coordination with oxygen, increasing local electron density around V atoms and facilitating more electron transitions from 1s to higher-energy 3d states. This leads to a pronounced reduction in V-valence and V-O bond breakage. Specifically, interlayer-inserted H+ exhibits the highest dissolution energy due to its significant binding energy compared to Zn2+ and surface-inserted H+. As a proof of concept, without additives or cathode modifications, electrochemical improvements in Zn/NH4V4O10 and Zn/V2O5 batteries were achieved by reducing the cut-off voltage or increasing current density at high voltage to directly inhibit H+ insertion or promote the favorable surface-dominant H+ insertion. We contend that understanding the chemistry and electrochemistry-related failure mechanisms are crucial for designing Adv. Mater. and their applications.
Integrated multi-omics analyses reveal causal insights into the molecular landscape of urologic cancers
Authors: Xiang Chongjun , Yang Xiaoyu , Wu Shuang , Han Zhe , He Hongjie , Li Yue , Cui Xin , Mi Jia , Tian Geng , Xu Fuyi , Zhu Yanping , Lin Chunhua
Published: February 2025

Background
Urologic cancers continue to present an ongoing challenge to human health, underscoring the necessity for a systematic exploration of their underlying mechanisms. Hence, we employed a multi-omics Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to infer potential pathogenic genes and unravel the associated mechanisms.
Methods
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics on urologic cancers, along with expression quantitative trait loci (QTLs), DNA methylation QTLs, and protein QTLs were employed for summary data-based MR (SMR), colocalization, and transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) analysis to identify putative causal genes. Additionally, metabolites GWAS summary statistics from both blood and urine were analyzed by two-sample MR method to uncover potential relationships with the risk of urologic cancers.
Results
A total of 15 genes from blood were identified related to prostate cancer (PCa) risk using SMR, colocalization, and TWAS analysis, with C10orf32, MARVELD1, UHRF1BP1, and POLI were being replicated in tissue SMR analysis. Additionally, 15 genes were prioritized as potential causal genes with their methylation regulatory, encompassing both well-established genes (NSUN4, FAAH, and SIK2) as well as novel candidates, such as HAAO, and UHRF1BP1. Furthermore, four metabolites, including phenyllactate, N-lactoyl phenylalanine, indolelactate, and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, were positively associated with PCa risk. For bladder cancer, its risk was associated with the expression variation of GSTM1, BTNL8, and BTNL9 and PSCA methylation.
Conclusion
This integrative approach not only enhances our understanding of the complex molecular landscape underlying urologic cancers but also opens up new avenues for future precision medicine and personalized treatment strategies.
Interspecies interaction alters the trajectory of antibiotic resistance evolution
by amplifying negative fitness epistasis
Authors: Warsi Omar , Muzafar Suraya , Nair Ramith , Andersson Dan
Published: February 2025

Interspecies interactions can influence the physiology of competing species, shaping
their long-term evolutionary trajectories. While the role of interspecific competition in
community dynamics is well-documented, its impact on evolutionary outcomes and
their underlying mechanisms is less explored. Here, we investigate how interspecies
competition affects antibiotic resistance evolution in the gut pathogen Salmonella
enterica within synthetic microbial communities. Specifically, we examine how the
presence of an interspecific competitor, Escherichia coli—a key member of the
human gut microbiota—modulates resistance evolution at low streptomycin
concentrations. Our findings reveal that interspecies competition results in the
selection of S. enterica mutants with higher resistance levels and fitness costs. By
analyzing resistant mutants (ten each isolated from conditions with and without
interspecies competition), we demonstrate that interspecific competition increases
the likelihood of accumulating resistance mutations that follow a trajectory of
negative fitness epistasis, requiring larger changes in resistance for smaller gains in
fitness. We show that this effect is driven by the activation of starvation response
pathways in S. enterica, leading to enhanced expression of the cryptic
aminoglycoside transferase gene (aadA). Our study links antibiotic resistance
evolution to competition-induced physiological changes, emphasizing the interplay
between interspecies interaction and genetic adaptation to environmental conditions.
Thermal treatments modulate the multiscale structure of chestnut starch: A focus on the relationship with the gut microbiota composition
Authors: Yang Fang , Cai Jiale , Zhou Yuchen , Wei Dong , Xie Chenyang Y.
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effects of thermal treatments, often required in the processing of chestnut native starch (CNS), on their multi-scale structure, digestive characteristics and intestinal microbial metabolism of chestnut starch. CNS was treated by dry heat (DH), heat moisture (HM), and high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) to obtain thermal treated chestnut native starch (TT-CNS). The results showed that three treatments exhibited different effects on the crystal structure of starch, and HM and HTHP treatment promoted the formation of looser and more poriferous structure of chestnut starch, while DH treatment could enhance the amylose double-helix structure, resulting in a more compact starch structure. Hence, only CNS-DH showed slight resistance during the initial stages of digestion compared to CNS, while other groups demonstrated better digestibility. Besides, gut microbiota analyses demonstrated that the increases in the relative abundance of several beneficial bacteria were observed in CNS and TT-CNS groups, including Parabacteroides and Limosilactobacillus, and the decreases in the relative abundance of few harmful bacteria were also existed, such as Clostridium sensu stricto and Peptostreptococcaceae. All these results indicated that thermal treatment might enhance the health benefits of chestnut starch and DH exhibited a certain anti-digestive effect, which was conducive to the stability of blood sugar. Here, the research results provided a theoretical guidance for the development of functional foods containing chestnut starch.
Diffractive Magic Cube Network with Super-high Capacity Enabled by Mechanical Reconfiguration
Authors: Feng Peijie , Liu Fubei , Liu Yuanfeng , Chong Mingzhe , Zhang Zongkun , Zhao Qian , Sun Jingbo , Zhou Ji , Tan Yunhua
Published: February 2025

Multiplexing and dynamic reconfigurable metasurfaces have been extensively studied to enhance optical system capacity in response to the challenges posed by the exponential growth of optical information. Among them, the mechanically reconfigurable strategy offers a cost-effective and low-complexity approach for capacity enhancement. However, the channel numbers achieved in current studies are insufficient for practical applications because of inadequate mechanical transformations and suboptimal optimization methods. In this article, a diffractive magic cube network (DMCN) is proposed to advance the multiplexing capacity of mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces. We utilized the deep diffractive neural network (D2NN) model to jointly optimize the subset of channels generated by the combination of three mechanical operations, permutation, translation, and rotation. The 144-channel holograms, 108-channel single-focus/multi-focus, and 60-channel orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam/comb generation were numerically achieved and experimentally validated using a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a reflective mirror. Our strategy not only provides a novel paradigm to improve metasurface capacity to super-high level with low crosstalk, but also paves the way for new advancements in optical storage, computing, communication, and photolithography.
Exploring Opportunities for Using Citizen Science to Expand the Usability of Crop Diagnosis Tools in Uganda" to Discover Food
Authors: Camen Lisette , Kizit Rita , Martínez Estefanía Talavera , Owomugisha Godliver
Published: February 2025

This study examines stakeholder participation in Uganda's cassava disease management systems, focusing on opportunities to enhance engagement through citizen science principles. Using the Agro Diagnosis Tool as a case study, we investigate current limitations in stakeholder participation and explore potential pathways for improvement. The research employed a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with farmers, technology developers, and agricultural experts to understand current participation patterns and perspectives on collaborative disease monitoring.
Findings reveal significant gaps in stakeholder engagement, despite strong interest from farmers in participating more actively in disease management efforts. While the Agro Diagnosis Tool has improved disease detection capabilities, its implementation follows traditional top-down approaches that limit meaningful stakeholder participation. The study identifies specific opportunities for integrating citizen science principles, particularly in disease mapping and knowledge sharing.
Based on these findings, we provide practical recommendations for enhancing stakeholder participation through a collaborative disease monitoring system that combines the Agro Diagnosis Tool's technological capabilities with citizen science approaches. The research suggests that such integration could improve disease surveillance while empowering farmers to be active participants in agricultural research and development. These findings contribute to broader discussions about stakeholder engagement in agricultural technology deployment and offer practical insights for implementing participatory approaches in disease management systems.
Structural Causes of Pattern Formation and Loss Through Model-Independent Bifurcation Analysis
Authors: O'Brien Liam D. , Dawes Adriana T.
Published: February 2025

During development, precise cellular patterning is essential for the formation of functional tissues and organs. These patterns arise from conserved signaling networks that regulate communication both within and between cells. Here, we develop and present a model-independent ordinary differential equation (ODE) framework for analyzing pattern formation in a homogeneous cell array. In con trast to traditional approaches that focus on specific equations, our method relies solely on general assumptions about global intercellular communication (between cells) and qualitative properties of local intracellular biochemical signal ing (within cells). Prior work has shown that global intercellular communication networks alone determine the possible emergent patterns in a generic system. We build on these results by demonstrating that additional constraints on the local intracellular signaling network lead to a single stable pattern which depends on the qualitative features of the network. Our framework enables the prediction of cell fate patterns with minimal modeling assumptions, and provides a powerful tool for inferring unknown interactions within signaling networks by analyzing tissue-level patterns.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 34A34, 24C14, 34C23, 92C15, 92C40, 92C42
Хилон как моральный законодатель Спарты
Authors: Кочеров С.Н.
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена оценке роли одного из «семи мудрецов» – Хилона, который соединил в своем лице законодателя и наставника древней Спарты. Анализ его изречений показывает, что они представляют собой не столько сумму житейских правил, сколько свод моральных наставлений, ставших неотъемлемой частью спартанской системы воспитания. Особое внимание уделяется выявлению первоначального смысла максимы «Познай себя», авторство которой, вероятно, принадлежит Хилону. Высказывается предположение, что в спартанском полисе, в котором было принято обходиться минимумом писаных законов, нравственные назидания Хилона могли выступать как неписаные правила, обязательные для исполнения
Arist. Nicom. Ethic. III 4, 1111b4–7, 1113b22 as the source of the conceptual apparatus in Maximus the Confessor’s teaching about will and volitional act
Authors: Петров В.В.
Published: February 2025

В статье исследуется учение византийского философа и богослова Максима Исповедника (c. 580-662) о воле и волевом акте. Анализируется группа понятий, содержание которых Максим обсуждает применительно к этапам и составляющим процесса воления. Показано, что сердцевину понятийного аппарата, на основе которого Максим, вовлеченный в христологическую полемику с монофелитами, строит свое учение о воле, составляют термины, обсуждаемые Аристотелем в «Никомаховой этике» III, 4, 1111b 4 – 7, 1113b 22. Также реконструируется учение Максима о естественной и избирательной волях человека
Почему Парадокс Менона более упорен, чем это предполагает решение Аристотеля?
Authors: Берестов И.В.
Published: February 2025

В настоящей статье мы анализируем решение Аристотелем во «Второй Аналитике» Парадокса Менона из диалога «Менон» Платона. Решение Аристотеля основывается на обосновании ложности утверждения Платона, что неизвестный объект невозможно искать. Мы показываем, что такая интерпретация решения Аристотеля является весьма доброжелательной по отношению к нему. Кроме того, мы демонстрируем, что аристотелевский поиск весьма естественно трактовать как поиск объекта, удовлетворяющего поисковому условию. Последнее понимание поиска допускает формально корректную запись с использованием эпистемических операторов. Но, несмотря на все свои достоинства, это решение Парадокса Менона оказывается бессильным перед альтернативой, напоминающей исходный парадокс: если объект поиска фиксирован, то его бессмысленно искать; если же он не фиксирован, то даже сбывшееся желание найти такой объект не приведёт к фиксации объекта, удовлетворяющего поисковому условию.
Был ли бог стоиков личностью?
Authors: Бутаков П.А.
Published: February 2025

Питер Форрест утверждает, что его концепция «личностного пантеизма» совпадает с учением древних стоиков. При этом традиционная интерпретация стоического пантеизма рассматривает Бога как безличный всеобщий закон. Утверждается, что предложенные аргументы в защиту личностной интерпретации, как правило, подразумевают наличие либо персоналистских, либо антропоцентристских оснований. При этом показано, что стоики не были ни персоналистами, ни антропоцентристами. Следовательно, указанные аргументы в защиту личностной трактовки стоического Бога должны быть отвергнуты