bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a technique to predict permanent deformation characterisation in asphalt mixtures
Authors: Nguyen Van Bich , Thom Nick
Published: September 2024

Permanent deformation (rutting) is a common type of distress in asphalt pavements. It is widely accepted that the problem occurs due to the heavy load applications and slow movement of traffic. It is clear that permanent deformation or rutting needs to be predicted to avoid major deformation to the flexible pavement. In this study, based on using the strain-dependent properties of the asphalt mixture in a multi-layer linear viscous analysis, a technique has been developed to predict asphalt mixture rut depth. Also, three different types of asphalt mixture were selected to apply the technique at various temperatures. The material properties of asphalt mixtures were derived from the repeated load axial test and they are represented by a strain-dependent axial viscosity. The predicted outcomes were then verified by comparison with measured results obtained from the wheel tracking tests. The research results have indicated that the technique is really practical and should be considered to predict a field rut depth. Moreover, based on the use of technique, the rutting prediction results applied for all mixtures at 45oC was fairly good while they presented poorer performances at 60 oC. Finally, the study has found a quick adjusted method to achive more accurate prediction results when a mixture reaches the tertiary stage of creep.
Climate warming has arrived in caves of the European Alps
Authors: Obleitner Friedrich , Spötl Christoph , Trüssel Martin
Published: September 2024

Cave air temperatures in four caves in the European Alps show statistically significant warming trends of about 0.2 °C per decade over the last two decades (2000-2020). These trends are about half as large as those observed outside and are characterized by a remarkable spatial and temporal consistency. The investigated caves represent different types in terms of their ventilation regime and one of them also hosts perennial ice. Key observation sites are located in cave sections where the temporal variability of air temperature is strongly attenuated compared to outside conditions and data from different cave sections show that the main results are valid for large parts of the investigated caves.
Continued warming will lead to broad changes in Alpine cave environments, including changes in the ventilation regime, karst hydrology and subsurface ecosystems. The observed subsurface warming has a particular strong effect on the long-term preservation of perennial ice present in some of these caves. This is shown for an ice cave in the Austrian Alps, where enhanced melt of ice correlates with the observed warming. This cave (and similar ones) will not be able to hold perennial ice beyond the next decade.
Radiomics from dual-energy CT-derived iodine maps evaluate mucosal healing in patients with Crohn’s disease.
Authors: li Junlin , Zhang Lingqin , Tang Wuli , Zhang Yue , Zhang Lingfeng , yu man , li kang
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This investigation sought to develop and verify an iodine maps-based radiomics nomogram to assess mucosal healing (MH) in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients.
Methods: A total of 81 CD patients were randomly divided into a training set (n=60) and a testing set (n=21) in a 7:3 ratio. Significant demographic features were selected to construct a clinical model. Radiomics features were extracted from the dual-energy CT iodine density map, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)was used to select the most important feature to calculate the radiomics score (Rad-score). Combine radiomics and clinical features to construct a clinical radiomics model by logistic regression analysis and draw a clinical radiomics nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the effectiveness, fit, and clinical net benefit of the three model.
Results: 25 patients achieved MH among 81 patients. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of clinical radiomics nomogram based on ESR, CRP, and Rad-score for distinguishing MH from non-MH was 0.838 (95% CI:0.765 to 0.911) and 0.817 (95% CI：0.685 to 0.950) in the training and testing set. The DCA showed good clinical net benefits for all three models when the threshold probability was greater than 0.12. The calibration curve shows that the predicted probability is consistent with the actual probability, within the range of 0.78~0.90.
Conclusion: In summary, this study suggests that the radiomics model based on iodine maps has potential value in evaluating MH in CD patients.
Oral immunotherapy improves the quality of life of adults with food allergy
Authors: Rigbi Naama Epstein , Levy Michael B , Nachshon Liat , Koren Yael , Goldberg Michael R , Elizur Arnon
Published: September 2024

Background. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has become standard of care for children with food allergy (FA). Data in adults, particularly effects of OIT on their quality of life, however, is limited.
Methods. Patients with food allergy aged ≥18 years who underwent OIT at Shamir Medical Center completed the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Adult Form (FAQLQ-AF) before and at the end of treatment. Adults with FA not undergoing OIT who completed the FAQLQ-AF at 2 time points, served as controls.
Results. A total of 44 adults, median age 23.4 years, who underwent OIT for milk (n=19), egg (n=2), peanut (n=9), sesame (n=6), and tree nuts (n=8), and 11 controls were studied. The median OIT starting dose was 23.8mg protein. 33 patients (75%) reached full desensitization within a median of 10.3 months. The FAQLQ-AF baseline scores were comparable between the study and control groups for all items except for Food Allergy related Health (FAH) item in which the study group had a significantly better score (p=0.02). At the second time point, the study group had significantly better scores in all items (Allergen Avoidance and Dietary Restrictions (AADR), p=0.02; and Emotional Impact (EI), Risk of Allergen Exposure (RAE), FAH and the Total Score, p<0.01). The change in scores for the study group was significantly better, statistically and clinically, in AADR, p=0.04; EI, p<0.01; RAE, p=0.01, and the total score, p=0.01.
Conclusions. OIT significantly improves quality of life of adults with FA. This finding adds important support for providing OIT in this population.
Surgical frequency analysis of patients clustered according to postoperative pain trajectory: A retrospective study
Authors: Tartar Qurani Alifitriah , Park Kyung Nam , Seo Kwang-Suk , Karm Myong-Hwan
Published: September 2024

Oropharyngeal and orthognathic surgeries cause more postoperative pain than simple dental procedures. The lack of detailed pain pattern analysis after dental surgeries makes pain management challenging. We assessed postoperative pain patterns in patients undergoing various dental surgeries, categorized based on changing pain levels, and identified the most frequent surgical procedures within each pain pattern cluster. We retrospectively analyzed previously collected postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) data at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h postoperatively from 790 patients undergoing various dental surgeries under general anesthesia using k-means clustering to identify pain patterns. Surgery type, duration, and patient-controlled analgesia were analyzed for three pain clusters. Cluster 1 had high prolonged initial pain (VAS 7.43 ± 1.62), mostly involving extensive oropharyngeal cancer surgeries. Cluster 2 experienced moderate pain initially (VAS 5.95 ± 1.44), steadily declining, typically involving orthognathic surgeries. Cluster 3 reported moderate initial pain (VAS 5.21 ± 1.49) that decreased rapidly. Extensive procedures were common in Cluster 1, whereas simpler excisions were prevalent in Cluster 3. Postoperative pain varies significantly according to the extent and invasiveness of surgery. Identifying specific pain trajectories based on detailed surgical assessments can enhance preemptive pain management and aid clinicians in predicting and managing postoperative pain.
The relationship between composite lipid indices and Baveno classification in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Florescu Andreea-Roxana , Mihaicuta Stefan , Frent Stefan Marian , Deleanu Oana-Claudia , Bikov Andras , Birza Mariela Romina , Popa Alina Mirela , Manzur Andrei Raul , Gligor Loredana
Published: September 2024

Background
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the risk is only weekly related to OSA severity traditionally determined by the apnoea-hypopnoea index. The Baveno classification was developed to improve patient selection who would benefit from OSA treatment in terms of symptoms improvement and CVD risk reduction. However, it is unclear how the classification relates to biomarkers of CVD risk. Composite lipid indices were evaluated in various populations and showed good predictive value for incident CVD.
Methods
One thousand two hundred and forty-two patients with OSA were included in the study. Composite lipid indices, including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and cardiometabolic index (CMI) were compared between different Baveno groups (A – minor symptoms, minor comorbidities, B – severe symptoms, minor comorbidities, C – minor symptoms, severe comorbidities, D – severe symptoms, severe comorbidities).
Results
All composite lipid indices were higher in group D versus groups A and C. Only LAP (86.93 /58.40–119.49/ vs. 75.73 /48.37–99.04/) and CMI (1.03 /0.69–1.42/ vs. 0.91 /0.63–1.12/) were significantly different between the minimally symptomatic groups (C vs. A), and solely LAP was significantly higher (110.69 /76.76–147.22/ vs. 82.32 /60.35–113.50/) when the highly symptomatic groups (D vs. B) were compared.
Conclusion
The Baveno classification correlates with cardiovascular risk estimated with composite lipid indices. Composite lipid indices may help better stratifying cardiovascular risk in both minimally- and highly symptomatic patients.
Effect of Proximal Stabilization on Recruitment of the Core & Vasti in Patients with Patellofemoral Arthritis as They Descend Stairs: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Adel Jilan , Balbaa Alaa Eldin , Alshenqiti Abdullah , Hamada Hamada Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Background: ‘‘The well-trained core is essential for optimal performance and injury prevention.’’ Despite the recurrence with which this statement is used in exercise science literature, the evidence to support it is lacking, contradictory, or taken out of context. This quadruple-blinded, randomised controlled trial examined the impact of proximal stabilization training program on kinesiophobia, and the recruitment of the core and vasti during stair descent in isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PF OA).
Methods: Fifty females with PF OA were enlisted, and two groups, group A (n=25) and group B (n=25), were randomly assigned. Both groups of patients underwent standard physical therapy procedures, but group (B) also underwent additional proximal stabilization exercises. Prior to and after therapy, all patients had their kinesiophobia, and recruitment techniques assessed. During stair descent, quantitative electromyography was used to quantify the muscle recruitment methods (onset and duration) of the vastus medialis obliques (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL), transversus abdominus (TrA), gluteus Medius (GM), and multifidus.
Results: Among all tested dependent variables in this study, results were positive for kinesiophobia and Gluteus Medius onset in the proximal stabilization group post treatment compared to the pre-treatment state but comparing the tested variables between both groups revealed only positive findings for kinisiophobia in favor of the proximal stabilization group. Conclusion: adding proximal stabilization exercises to hip and quadriceps strengthening exercises might have a surplus effect in the management of isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis, yet its long-term effect should be tested through future studies.
Trial registration: clinical trial registration code: NCT05597670
Exploring seasonality and hospital differentiation as factors in hospital mortality among Community-Acquired Pneumonia patients in Portugal: Beyond traditional factors
Authors: Pessoa Ezequiel , Bárbara Cristina , Costa Andreia , Nogueira Paulo
Published: September 2024

Background
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is regarded as a substantial part of the global burden of disease and a public health priority. Besides host factors, such as sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities and clinical severity, CAP morbidity and mortality may also be related to other factors like socioeconomic background, seasonality and level of health care. This study aims to analyze trends in hospital admissions and in-hospital mortality due to CAP in National Health Service hospitals in mainland Portugal from 2010 to 2018. Additionally, it seeks to assess the impact of various host and external factors on in-hospital mortality attributed to CAP.
Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 391,732 CAP hospitalizations. Multivariable Logistic Regression analysis was used to estimate the probability of in-hospital death, considering various host and environmental factors.
Results
A decrease in the number of admissions and mortality rate over time was observed. The regression model identified advanced age, male gender, clinical severity, comorbidities, summer season, early school leaving rate, unemployment rate, and lower hospital differentiation as factors increasing the probability of death (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Throughout the nine-year span, a consistent decline in in-hospital mortality rates was observed. Mortality exhibited a dual influence, being shaped by host factors (such as age, sex, clinical severity, and comorbidities) as well as non-traditional factors, such as socioeconomic vulnerability, the summer season, and the level of hospital differentiation. Therefore, effectively reducing CAP mortality necessitates comprehensive policies that target at-risk groups and address a broad range of risk factors. These policies should prioritize enhancing vaccination coverage, improving healthcare accessibility, and ameliorating thermal housing conditions, especially for socially vulnerable individuals.
Although Outpatient Care Patterns Changed During the Covid-19 Pandemic, Continuity Remained Important: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: McAlister Finlay A , Chu Luan Manh , Bakal Jeffrey A , Austin Peter C. , Cox Jafna L. , Verma Amol , Ganesh Aravind , Hill Michael D. , Vyas Manav , Yu Amy Y.X. , Saposnik Gustavo , Abdel-Qadir Husam , Chu Anna , Singnurkar Amit , Kapral Moira , Lee Douglas S. , Khan Nadia
Published: September 2024

Background
The changes in outpatient care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic represented a natural experiment which allows us to compare outcomes and evaluate the impact of physician-patient continuity after different types of outpatient encounters.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study using data from 5 linked healthcare databases in Alberta to capture all healthcare encounters (virtual or in-person) for 3.84 million community-dwelling adults between March 1, 2019 and February 28, 2023.
Results
The proportion of adults having at least one outpatient encounter with a physician per annum was relatively stable between 2019 and 2023 (94.1–93.4%), although approximately half of the encounters were virtual during the pandemic. Patients having outpatient encounters (virtual or in-person) with unfamiliar physicians were younger and healthier (had fewer comorbidities, were less likely to be taking medications, and had less frequent healthcare contacts in the prior year), but outpatient encounters with an unfamiliar physician were associated with more ED visits, hospitalizations, or other outpatient encounters in the subsequent 7 days compared to outpatient encounters with a familiar physician. The increased incidences were similar early and late in the pandemic and whether outpatient encounters were virtual (40%, 77%, and 21% increased hazards in the first 18 months of the pandemic and 28%, 71%, and 20% in the last 18 months) or in-person (40%, 143%, and 26% in the first 18 months of the pandemic and 34%, 131%, and 24% in the last 18 months).
Conclusions
Outpatient encounters with unfamiliar physicians were associated with higher subsequent healthcare resource use than encounters with familiar physicians both early and late in the pandemic and whether they were virtual or in-person. Continuity of care in the outpatient setting is important even during a pandemic, both during the emergent and the stable phases of the pandemic, and whether encounters are virtual or in-person.
Molecular identification and subtypes analysis of Blastocystis sp. in South Khorasan province, Eastern Iran
Authors: Behravan Mahmoodreza , Haghighi Ali , Javanmard Ehsan , Mohebi Malihe , Nemati Sara
Published: September 2024

Background
Blastocystis sp. is a prevalent intestinal parasitic protest that infects both birds and animals. There are at least 17 subtypes (ST) of Blastocystis sp., with ST1-ST9 being found in humans. The correlation between specific subtypes and pathogenicity has not been definitively established. This study aimed to identify the genetic diversity within subtypes of Blastocystis sp. in stool samples collected from individuals who referred medical laboratories in the cities of Birjand, Darmian, Nehbandan, and Ferdows, Eastern Iran.
Methods
1800 stool specimens were randomly collected from referred individuals randomly selected medical laboratories of South Khorasan province. DNA was extracted and PCR, sequencing and subtyping was performed for characterization and phylogenetic analysis.
Results
A total of 118 (6.5%) cases of Blastocystis sp. through microscopic observations was confirmed. A ~620-bp segment of the SSU rRNA gene of Blastocystis sp. was amplified and were genetically evaluated using MEGA6 and DnaSP. 30 samples of Blastocystis sp-positive cases were sequenced. BLAST analyses identified 3 distinct subtypes including ST1 (11, 36.66 %), ST2 (5, 16.68 %), ST3 (14, 46.66) within our samples. Intra-subtype discrimination showed the similarity of 95.88%, 91.56% and 92.14% for ST1 and ST2, ST1 and ST3, and ST2 and ST3, respectively.Additionally, allele 4 for ST1; allele 12 for ST2; alleles 34, 36 for ST3 were detected.
Conclusions
As results, ST1 exhibited the highest nucleotide diversity (π: 0.00113), suggesting a high degree of genetic diversity within this subtype. Phylogenetic analysis showed that, subtype 3 was clustered to animal isolates from cattle and cats, indicated the potential zoonotic transmission of Blastocystissp.
Predictors of Insecticide-Treated Nets Utilization among Children under five years in Refugee Settlements in Uganda: Analysis of the 2018-19 Uganda Malaria Indicator Survey
Authors: Semakula Henry Musoke , Mugagga Frank
Published: September 2024

Background
Despite significant distribution of insecticide-treated net (ITNs) by the Government of Uganda to refugees, malaria is major cause of mortality and morbidity among children under five years in refugee settlements. This highlights the persistent challenges and complexities surrounding malaria control and prevention efforts in these settings. Studies that focus on the determinants of ITN utilization among children under five years in refugee settlements in Uganda are not available. Using the 2018–2019 Uganda’s Malaria Indicator Survey (UMIS) data, analysis of the individual and household factors associated with utilisation of ITN among children under five in refugee settlements of Uganda was conducted.
Methods
This study focused on 589 children under five staying in refugee settlements located in Uganda. The extracted variables from the UMIS included social-economic factors associated with ITN utilisation. Descriptive analysis was performed to generate summarized statistics, while inferential statistics by way of bivariate analysis were performed to assess the association between the outcome and the independent variables using the chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regression modelling to assess the magnitude of the associations after controlling for other covariates. All analyses considered the survey sampling design and sampling weights, and are conducted in Stata version 18.
Results
The odds of children sleeping under ITN were higher if their mothers had secondary and higher education (8.1 times) as well as primary education (1.5 times). The odds of children sleeping under ITN reduced by 50% if their mothers were pregnant. Interestingly, the odds of children sleeping under ITN were 70% lower if their mothers knew that ‘not sleeping in nets’ caused malaria. Mothers who were exposed to malaria messages had lower odds of their children sleeping under ITNs. Besides, households with televisions had lower odds of their children sleeping under ITNs.
Conclusions
The results highlight areas of intervention that can increase ITN use in refugee settlements of Uganda. Improving access to education for mothers, providing targeted health education on the importance of ITN usage during pregnancy, dispelling misconceptions about malaria transmission, facilitating the proper installation of ITNs among others, can all contribute to increased ITN utilization among children under five.
Perceptions and sensory acceptability of a composite dish prepared from high iron and low phytate: iron molar ratio iron biofortified common bean and white-fleshed sweet potato among pregnant women in rural Uganda
Authors: Buzigi Edward , Pillay Kirthee , Siwela Muthulisi , Mkhwanazi Blessing , Ngidi Mjabuliseni
Published: September 2024

Background
Globally, iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) disproportionately affects pregnant women due to the increased physiological demands of iron associated with fetal growth and development. However, the highest burden of IDA is on pregnant women who reside in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) because they predominantly consume staple legumes such as conventional common bean (CCB) (Phaseolus vulgaris). Such CCB is either low in iron or rich in iron absorption inhibitors such as phytate and polyphenols. To contribute towards fighting IDA, a high iron biofortified common bean (IBCB) was introduced in Uganda. However, there is limited knowledge about its perceptions and acceptability among pregnant women. This study evaluated the perceptions and sensory acceptability of a high iron-low phytate: iron molar ration dish, WFSP + IBCB (test food) against a low iron-high phytate: iron molar ratio dish, WFSP + CCB (control food) among pregnant women in rural Uganda.
Methods
A total of 104 pregnant women participated in the study. The sensory attributes (taste, colour, aroma, texture, and general acceptability) of the test and control foods were rated using a five-point facial hedonic scale (1 = dislike very much, 2 = dislike, 3 = neutral, 4 = like 5 = like very much). An attribute was acceptable if the participant scored from “like to like very much”. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to assess participant perceptions about the consumption of WFSP + IBCB during pregnancy. The chi-square test was used to detect the proportion difference for each sensory attribute between WFSP + IBCB and WFSP + CCB, whilst FGD data were analyzed by thematic analysis.
Results
All the sensory attributes were acceptable to the participants and not significantly different between WFSP + IBCB and WFSP + CCB (P > 0.05). The pregnant women had positive perceptions of consuming the WFSP + IBCB dish provided IBCB was accessible, affordable, and feasible to prepare, and its intake provided healthier pregnancy outcomes.
Conclusion
The WFSP + IBCB was accepted by pregnant women, and has the potential to replace WFSP + CCB. Intervention studies are needed to evaluate the effect of IBCB intake on iron status, IDA, and pregnancy outcomes in this study population.
Galactic Bridges and Bar Destruction: Hubble DeepField Insights into Interacting Galaxies
Authors: Tawfeek Amira A. , Hendy Y.H.M
Published: September 2024

We present a study investigating the impact of strong interactions on the bar structures of galaxies. Using Hubble SpaceTelescope (HST) deep field observations, we visually inspected a sample of 140 galaxies that show bridge features indicativeof interaction and 57 M51-type galaxies. Our analysis revealed a consistent bar fraction of of 16% across both samples,significantly lower than the bar fractions observed in isolated galaxies. Additionally, we found that bars are more likely to formand persist in nearby galaxies, with a clear decline at higher redshifts, and in larger, brighter galaxies with weaker interactions.In contrast, smaller and fainter galaxies are less likely to support bar structures due to the destabilizing effects of stronggravitational interactions. This result contributes to our understanding of the dynamics and structural evolution of galaxiesunder the influence of gravitational interactions.
Modeling the Urbanization Rate Associated with Renewable in Electricity Production and CO 2 Emissions: A Threshold Regression Approach
Authors: Bashayreh Ala' , AL-HINDAWI HATEM , Tahtamouni Abla
Published: September 2024

This study examines the relationship between urbanization rates associated with the increasing dependency on renewable electricity production and CO2 emissions per capita and gross domestic per capita in Jordan. The empirical analysis uses annual data from Jordan for the period 1990–2022 to answer the question: What is/are the threshold urbanization rate/s that pushes CO2 emissions per capita to decline? Results suggest that two threshold values exist for Jordan, which implies a nonlinear relationship between urbanization rate and CO2 emissions per capita. The estimated threshold regression model shows (0.78, 0.91) as the threshold values of urbanization rate, and values between these thresholds push CO2 emissions per capita to decline. In addition, there is a significant negative relationship between these two variables.
JEL: R0; Q2; Q5; C24;
Reactive extraction of methanesulfonic acid from wastewater using trioctylamine
Authors: Zhou Jian , Jia Yu , Wei Chengjia , Li Huiru , Liu Yufeng
Published: September 2024

Wastewater containing methanesulfonic acid (MSA) mainly originates from the production process of metal detergent, contributing to significant environmental pollution. This study explores the use of trioctylamine (TOA) to extract MSA from wastewater. Various factors affecting the extraction efficiency, including the extractant type, phase ratio (O/A), diluent, temperature, stirring speed, and extraction time were systematically investigated. An extraction efficiency of 96.1% was achieved using TOA (0.86 mol·L− 1) at 25°C, 1400 r·min− 1, and an extraction time of 30 minutes. FT-IR, XPS, and high-resolution ESI-MS analyses provided insights into the extraction mechanism, revealing that the complexation between TOA and MSA occurs through ionic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Additionally, TOA was successfully regenerated through back-extraction with sodium hydroxide. The proposed extraction system is advantageous for eco-friendly engineering applications.
In silico identification and interaction analysis of Hub Genes and miRNAs in Gynecological Cancer and their potential role as biomarkers
Authors: Zhu Yuanjun , Chen Sisi , Duan Na , Liu WangBo , Huang Hanling , Huang Ke
Published: September 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that are small, single-stranded, and contain 21 to 23 nucleotides. They are known to play extensive roles in various diseases and their development, including gynaecological cancers such as ovarian, vulvar, and cervical cancer. These cancers are prevalent among women and are often fatal. The heterogeneity of gynecological cancers poses a major challenge to diagnosis in modern medicine. In this study, we carried out extensive in silico analysis to identify hub genes, miRNAs, and their interactions, leading to the identification of potential biomarkers that could assist in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological cancers. A total of three mRNA expression profiles of cervical cancer (GSE54388, GSE69428, and GSE36668) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The statistical analysis of GEOR2 yielded 16344 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and by utilizing robust regression analysis, 229 common DEGs were retrieved. Among them, 94 and 135 genes were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. By utilizing STRING and Cytohuba, we retrieved ten hub genes via a protein-protein interaction network. These genes were named CDK1, AURKA, BUB1B, CCNB1, TOP2A, KIF11, BUB1, CCNB2, CDCA8, and BIRC5. Following extensive computational analysis using the miRDB tool and the NetworkAnalyst, dbDEMC, and MiRNAs databases, a total of 30 miRNAs that interact with hub genes were identified; among these miRNAs, hsa-miR-653-5p, hsa-miR-495-3p, hsa-miR-381-3p, hsa-miR-1266-5p, and hsa-miR-589-3p were the top five interactive miRNAs that targeted the most hub genes and were involved in key functions leading to colorectal cancer, gynecological cancer, glioma, and TGF-beta signalling. These miRNAs show promising interactions with hub genes, and serine/threonine protein kinases are the most strongly associated with these genes and appear to be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in gynecological cancers.
Effect of freezing-thawing cycles and high temperatures on concretes containing partial replacement of fine grain Blast and Electric Arc Furnace slags
Authors: gilkalaye Sepehr ghorbani , Mousavinejad Seyed Hosein Ghasemzadeh
Published: September 2024

This study examines the effects of industrial by-products, such as iron slag and steel slag, as partial replacements of fine grain at 10%, 15%, and 25%, individually and combined. The research evaluates the impact on physical changes and mechanical resistance under freeze-thaw cycles and high temperatures. Additionally, the study explores the effects of incorporating 0.3% polypropylene fibers by volume and 10% microsilica by cement weight. The durability of concrete samples at temperatures of 400°C and 800°C at the age of 90 days, exposed to gas furnace and freezing-thawing at the age of 28 days with 100 cycles, were investigated in terms of compressive strength. Samples subjected to 100 freeze-thaw cycles showed increased porosity and expansion of microcracks, leading to a loosened macrostructure and a 0.8% decrease in weight. Findings indicate that replacing slag in the fine grain and combining these materials with polypropylene and microsilica fibers improved mechanical properties like compressive strength. Additionally, incorporating 10% slag enhanced the mechanical properties of samples at 400°C and 800°C, with lower resistance loss compared to designs without additives. The inclusion of 10% microsilica and 0.3% polypropylene fibers, however, reduced sample resistance at 800°C compared to 400°C. Furthermore, the freeze-thaw cycle caused a 32.46% decrease in sample resistance compared to the control state. Microstructural analysis of GGBS in concrete using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that the addition of GGBS produces a denser matrix populated with more angular particles, resulting in improved bonding properties compared to plain concrete.
Nurses’ assessments of the work environment, organisational culture and work arrangements: A cross-sectional study of Estonian hospitals in 1999, 2009 and 2021
Authors: Kõrgemaa Ulvi , Sisask Merike , Ernits Ülle
Published: September 2024

Background
Nurses play a vital role in patient care, and their perceptions of their work environment are crucial for healthcare quality. A supportive and well-resourced work environment enhances the quality of care and increases employee commitment. The physical environment directly influences nurses' well-being and efficiency, while a culture that fosters collaboration and communication is essential for improving patient outcomes and ensuring high-quality care. This study aimed to analyse nurses’ assessments of the work environment, organisational culture and work organisation over three decades (1999, 2009 and 2021) to understand their connection to changes in nursing activities over time.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey methodology was adopted. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted via IBM SPSS. These analyses sought to track temporal changes, explore relationships between workforce resources and nursing activities, and investigate the determinants of the perceived nurse-to-patient ratio.
Results
In the work environment domain, the perceived quality of the physical work environment remained stable, although the nurse-to-patient ratio increased insufficiently. Changes in organisational culture yielded improvements in communication and the mental work environment but reductions in the quality of collaboration. With respect to work organisation, a greater standardisation of nursing work emerged over time. The logistic regression analysis indicated that nurses working in regional hospitals and departments with more beds more frequently considered the nurse-to-patient ratio to be insufficient.
Conclusions
The nurses’ views showed that despite the increased health care workforce, the nurse-to-patient ratio was often seen as insufficient. Although the quality of the physical environment either remained stable or improved, organisational culture shifts indicated less group work and greater multiprofessional cooperation. This study underscores the necessity of a comprehensive approach for evaluating the nurse-to-patient ratio, integrating both quantitative and qualitative measures to effectively gauge and improve the nursing work environment.
Adsorptive removal of 2,4-chlorophenol from water by micronized oil shale
Authors: Rauch Renáta , Lukács Éva , Molnár Miklós
Published: September 2024

Chlorophenols, classified as priority water pollutants, can bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms, potentially leading to their enrichment throughout the food chain. This study investigated the utilization of a unique oil shale as a sorbent for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from aqueous solutions. The influence of various process parameters, including the contact time, sorbent/liquid ratio, temperature, and pH, on the sorption process was evaluated. The results indicated the near-complete sorption of 2,4-DCP within 24 h. Favorable sorption was observed at a sorbent/liquid ratio of 1:10, elevated temperatures, and lower pH values within the examined range. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were in good agreement with the equilibrium sorption data. However, the Freundlich isotherm provides a superior fit, suggesting a multilayer sorption mechanism. Kinetic studies revealed a two-stage process: intraparticle diffusion dominated the initial stage, whereas other rate-limiting mechanisms may have contributed to the second stage. The first- and second-order kinetic models suggested a combined mechanism involving physisorption and chemisorption. Physisorption appeared to be more prevalent, particularly in the second stage, whereas chemisorption governed the initial stage. These findings demonstrate the potential of the investigated oil shale as an unconventional and cost-effective sorbent, potentially serving as a substitute for activated carbon in 2,4-DCP removal.
Use of the Wrf Model for the Identification of Areas With Potential for Wind Energy Generation in La Guajira, Colombia
Authors: Muñoz July Andrea , Hernández Francisco Luis , Solarte Edinson Andrés
Published: September 2024

In this investigation, locations in the department of La Guajira, Colombia, with optimal wind speed behaviour for the generation of wind energy, were identified. The WRF meteorological model was used with input data from the GFS global analysis and forecast, two nested domains of 9 and 3 km, 45 vertical levels and the physical parameterization contained in the TROPICAL module. Successful model execution improved the spatial and temporal resolution of the input data. The resulting information corresponding to the wind speed was used to determine its behaviour at harvest heights of 50, 100 and 150 m. Subsequently, adjustment of the Weibull probability function was carried out, its shape and scale parameters were estimated via the maximum likelihood method, and finally, taking advantage of the cubic relationship between the wind potential and wind speed, the potential raster for the elevations was estimated. The values modelled by the WRF model were compared with the data recorded at the meteorological station located at the Bolívar airport at a height of 10 m above sea level, with an RMSE of 2.26 m/s, an R2 of 0.73 and a bias of 1.17 m/s. The shape and scale parameters in the modelled data are overestimated by 0.79 and 1.83 m/s, respectively, compared with the fit of the values recorded by the weather station. In terms of potential, the greatest resource is found over the sea, mainly in areas near the Sierra Nevada and in the northern part of the department, reaching values of up to 1200 W/m2.
Spatial dynamics of caudatoside and ptaquiloside in bracken ferns in Northern Europe
Authors: Kisielius Vaidotas , Markussen Bo , Hansen Hans Christian Bruun , Rasmussen Lars Holm
Published: September 2024

Bracken ferns (genus Pteridium) are among the most prevalent plants worldwide, with their distribution expanding due to their invasive nature. The environmental implications of their proliferation in areas affected by human activity, natural disasters, or land-use changes are concerning, primarily because of the carcinogenic illudane glycosides they produce. These compounds cause domestic and wildlife animal poisoning, as well as contamination of dairy products and drinking water. Several illudane glycosides are known, but usually only ptaquiloside (PTA) is monitored. This study investigates the spatial and temporal variations in illudane glycosides PTA, caudatoside (CAU) and ptesculentoside (PTE) across two phenotypes of Pteridium aquilinum (vars. aquilinum and latiusculum) over a broad geographic range spanning Denmark, Sweden, and Finland, encompassing 66 locations. We analysed plant samples (LC-MS) and statistically explored the influence of phenotype, frond part, geographic location, exposure to sunlight, and the surrounding forest ecosystem on glycoside content. Our findings reveal that PTA accounts for approximately two-thirds of the total illudane glycoside content, followed by CAU at nearly one-third, and a minor contribution from PTE. Glycoside levels were not influenced by phenotypic variations or the studied environmental factors but were significantly affected by geographic location. Specifically, CAU levels increased progressively towards the northeast, while PTA concentrations were highest in Denmark and markedly decreased in northeastern countries by over threefold, presumably due to climatic gradient. It has been further supported by temporal analysis in selected PTA-dominant regions indicating a reduction in PTA towards the end of the growing season, aligning its levels with those of CAU. Our study highlights that CAU concentrations in bracken ferns may equal or surpass PTA, contesting the prevailing view that PTA is the only notable illudane glycoside in Bracken. To provide unbiased assessment of the potential risks posed by P. aquilinum in the region, environmental and toxicological research should include measurements of not only PTA, but also CAU and, if possible, PTE.
Bioengineered extracellular vesicles presenting PD-L1 and Gal-9 to ameliorate new-onset primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)
Authors: Zhou Guannan N. , Gu Yuanyuan , Ding Jingxin , Lu Guanming , Hua Keqin
Published: September 2024

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinical syndrome of ovarian dysfunction characterized by premature exhaustion of primordial follicles, which causes infertility and dysfunctions of many other organ systems including sexuality, bones, the cardiovascular system, and neurocognition. An important factor in the development of POI is immune dysregulation, which results in augmented T cell response in ovary. Thus, modulation of the ovarian infiltrated T lymphocytes by exogenous PD-L1 or Gal-9 is an ideal approach for treating POI. Herein, we genetic engineered the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) overexpressing PD-L1 and Gal-9, which could restrict the activity of ovarian autoreactive T lymphocytes and protect ovarian cells from destruction. Moreover, PD-L1-Gal-9 EVs prominently promoted effector T cell apoptosis in vitro, and reversed the decreased AMH in the POI mice as well as declined proportion of CD8+ T cells infiltrating the ovaries, which contributed to preventing POI progression and preserving the residual ovarian fertility.
Influence of ground motion characteristics on aftershock fragility of reinforced concrete TV tower subjected to mainshock-aftershock sequences
Authors: Li Hang , Zhou Changdong
Published: September 2024

After a major earthquake, multiple aftershocks often occur, and there is typically insufficient time to repair or reinforce structures between these events. Consequently, structures damaged in the mainshock may suffer greater damage or even collapse during subsequent aftershocks. Evaluating the seismic performance of reinforced concrete TV (RC-TV) towers is essential due to their critical role in signal propagation. Currently, the seismic design code and structural performance evaluation for RC-TV towers focus only on a single earthquake, overestimating the structure's seismic capacity during continuous seismic events. Because the mechanisms of mainshock and aftershock differ, the characteristics of aftershock can vary significantly from those of the mainshock. Therefore, this paper proposes an analytical framework to study the effects of mainshock-aftershock (MS-AS) sequence characteristics—such as ground motion magnitude, rupture distance, duration, and frequency content—on the aftershock fragility of RC-TV towers. A series of nonlinear time history analyses were conducted using real MS-AS sequence records, and the fragility curves of aftershocks following different mainshocks were obtained. The results show that the aftershock fragility of the structure is more affected by MS-AS sequences with large magnitude, distant fault, long duration and low frequency. As the degree of structural damage from the mainshock increases, the influence of aftershock fragility becomes more pronounced. This study comprehensively and reliably analyzes and evaluates the seismic performance of RC-TV towers under MS-AS sequences with different ground motion characteristics, providing valuable references for designers in safety design and managers in daily maintenance.
Association between Life's Essential 8 and psoriasis: insights from NHANES
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Li Guanru , Sun Liyun
Published: September 2024

Psoriasis is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Life's Essential 8 (LE8), a latest measure of cardiovascular health (CVH), and psoriasis.This population-based cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including a total of 7,072 participants.Multivariable logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were used to evaluate these correlations.Out of the 7072 participants, 204 had psoriasis.Psoriasis patients exhibited lower LE8 scores compared to non-psoriasis patients.Across all models,the high-score(80–100) group was significantly associated with a lower incidence of psoriasis compared to the low-score(0–49) group, showing a notable negative correlation between the two(OR [95% CI]: 0.437[0.225,0.810]; P<0.05).The restricted cubic spline model showed a linear association, with an LE8 value inflection point at 64.786.Negative associations were found between both health behavior and health factor scores and psoriasis. Specifically, the negative correlation was most pronounced for the nicotine exposure score.Consistent results were additionally observed in both subgroup and supplementary analyses.LE8 scores and its subscale scores were inversely related to psoriasis. Our study emphasizes that promoting optimal CVH levels may be beneficial in preventing and alleviating psoriasis.
Effect of TiO2 coating on structure and electrochemical performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Li Lin , Li Zhongyu , Kuang Zhifan , Yang Minjian , Liu Jianwen , Wang Shiquan , Liu Hongying
Published: September 2024

Many efforts have been made to improve the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathode materials, such as metal ion doping, surface modification, and fabricating nanostructured materials. Here, to enhance the electrochemical performance of the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathode, NCM622 was coated by TiO2 layers through the sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical tests have been applied for material characterizations and electrochemical measurements. Compared with the pristine NCM622 electrode, the cycling stability and rate performance of the TiO2-coated NCM622 electrodes are significantly improved. Among all TiO2-coated NCM622, the NCM622 cathode with TiO2 coating content of 0.5% demonstrats a highest capacity retention of 89.3% and a discharge capacity of 163.9 mAh g− 1, in contrast to 80.9% and145 mAh g− 1 for the pristine NCM622 electrode, after 100 cycles at 0.3 C between 3-4.3 V. Under the high cutoff voltage of 4.6 V, the 5 wt% TiO2-coated.
NCM electrode exhibit better electrochemical properties than bare NCM622 in terms of specific capacity and cyclability, similar to the results measured at a cut-off voltage of 4.3 V. The results prove that TiO2 modification can lower the polarization of the material, effectively raising the cycling stability rate performance of the battery. It provides a reference path for the further progress of high capacity and stability ternary cathode materials.