bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell Behavior Changes and Enzymatic Biodegradation of Hybrid Electrospun Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐Based Scaffolds with an Enhanced Piezoresponse after the Addition of Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Chernozem Roman V. , Pariy Igor , Surmeneva Maria A. , Shvartsman Vladimir V. , Planckaert Guillaume , Verduijn Joost , Ghysels Stef , Abalymov Anatolii , Parakhonskiy Bogdan V. , Gracey Eric , Gonçalves Amanda , Mathur Sanjay , Ronsse Frederik , Depla Diederik , Lupascu Doru C. , Elewaut Dirk , Surmenev Roman A. , Skirtach Andre G.
Published: December 2022

This is the first comprehensive study of the impact of biodegradation on the structure, surface potential, mechanical and piezoelectric properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) scaffolds supplemented with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as well as cell behavior under static and dynamic mechanical conditions. There is no effect of the rGO addition up to 1.0 wt% on the rate of enzymatic biodegradation of PHB scaffolds for 30 d. The biodegradation of scaffolds leads to the depolymerization of the amorphous phase, resulting in an increase in the degree of crystallinity. Because of more regular dipole order in the crystalline phase, surface potential of all fibers increases after the biodegradation, with a maximum (361 ± 5 mV) after the addition of 1 wt% rGO into PHB as compared to pristine PHB fibers. By contrast, PHB‐0.7rGO fibers manifest the strongest effective vertical (0.59 ± 0.03 pm V−1) and lateral (1.06 ± 0.02 pm V−1) piezoresponse owing to a greater presence of electroactive β‐phase. In vitro assays involving primary human fibroblasts reveal equal biocompatibility and faster cell proliferation on PHB‐0.7rGO scaffolds compared to pure PHB and nonpiezoelectric polycaprolactone scaffolds. Thus, the developed biodegradable PHB‐rGO scaffolds with enhanced piezoresponse are promising for tissue‐engineering applications.
Self‐Assembly Growth of Twisted Bilayer Graphene on Liquid Cu
Authors: Xue Xudong , Zhou Xiahong , Li Dong , Liu Mengya , Liu Shan , Wang Liping , Yu Gui
Published: December 2022

Twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) possesses various novel physical properties. Most of tBLG are fabricated by using artificial methods of stacking or folding single‐layer graphene. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been verified that it holds great potential for preparation of large‐size high‐quality graphene. Therefore, it is significant for preparing tBLG in situ by using CVD technology. In this work, a novel approach is developed to directly prepare tBLGs on liquid Cu substrate. When the growth temperature exceeds a certain critical value, the state of aligned high‐quality single‐layer graphene domains grown on liquid Cu will be broken. Then, tBLG with twisted double‐layer regions is prepared in situ by rotating and intercalating between graphene domains. Experimental observations suggest that the liquid phase of Cu substrate and gas flow play a crucial role for the formation of tBLGs. These results demonstrate that the liquid Cu is an ideal potential substrate for preparing tBLGs with a full range of twisted angles and studying the formation mechanism of layer‐stacked materials.
Macromolecular Coatings for Endotracheal Tubes Probed on An Ex Vivo Extubation Setup
Authors: Miller Naranjo Bernardo , Naicker Semai , Lieleg Oliver
Published: December 2022

Endotracheal intubation is indispensable in modern healthcare but typically entails two complications for the treated patients: biofouling‐induced infections and friction‐associated damage to the tissue. Coatings on the endotracheal tubes (ETT) may mitigate those problems, but they require a well‐defined testing method to assess their functionality. Here, such a testing setup is presented, which allows for conducting ex vivo extubation experiments in a reproducible manner. With this setup, different coating strategies that immobilize porcine gastric mucins on the ETT surface are compared. The results demonstrate that covalent coatings generated from lab‐purified mucins outperform the other variants in terms of their ability to decrease tissue damage, prevent lipid adsorption, and reduce cell attachment. With a similar approach as presented here, it should also be possible to evaluate macromolecular coatings generated on other medical tubing systems such as cardiac and urinary catheters and endoscopes.
A pH‐ and Light‐Responsive Nanoporous Lyotropic Gyroid Polymer Network
Authors: Li Patrick , Johnson Christopher , Dyer Samantha S. , Osuji Chinedum O. , Gin Douglas L.
Published: December 2022

Bicontinuous cubic (Q) lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC)‐derived polymer networks possess periodic, uniform‐size, 3D‐interconnected nanopores that make them highly desirable organic materials for selective molecular separation and uptake applications. To date, there are no reported examples of a Q‐phase network with additional functional properties, such as catalytic reactivity, response to external stimuli, or gated transport, that would expand the usefulness of this class of porous materials. Here, a functionalized gyroid‐type Q polymer network material that can be used for potential gated transport or adaptive uptake applications is presented. This material contains a novel spiropyran‐containing dopant monomer that upon blending and cross‐linking with a gyroid‐forming LLC monomer, yields a gyroid polymer material that retains its phase architecture while reversibly responding to changes in external solution and vapor pH. Studies also demonstrate that this system is capable of strongly binding to aq. Pb2+ ions when activated by UV light, allowing it to function as a potential colorimetric sorbent or gated‐response material.
Enhancing the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells by 4‐Chloro‐1,8‐Naphthalic Anhydride for Surface Passivation
Authors: Shi Bonan , Li Yuanrui , Gao Fei , Li Jiahui , Cai Xuediao , Zhang Chaoqun , Wu Yuxin , Lu Chenrui , Wang Jungang , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: December 2022

On the surface and grain boundary of perovskite films there are large quantities defects, which leads to photogenerated carrier nonradiative recombination and degrades the performance of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Surface passivation can suppress the detrimental effects of defect and improve the performance of PSCs. Here, an organic molecule, 4‐chloro‐1,8‐naphthalic anhydride (ALS), is adopted to passivate the defects on the surface and grain boundary of (FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05 perovskite films. The oxygen of carbonyl group in the ALS provides lone pair electron to the undercoordinated Pb2+ and passivated this defect. The ALS passivated perovskite films have lower trap state density and longer carrier lifetime. As a result, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs was improved from 21.52% to 23.72%. Furthermore, the ALS passivated PSC show good stability, and it could maintain 88% of its initial efficiency after 1200 h storage in ambient atmosphere without encapsulation.
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Film Derived CoFe‐N‐C Nanofoams for Reliable Zn‐air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Liu Haotian , Zhu Weikang , Chen Bin , Yue Runfei , Yin Shuoyao , Xie Na , Li Ran , Yin Yan
Published: December 2022

The design of the efficient, flexible air electrode for enhancing the Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) performance is vital in developing a new portable rechargeable power supply. Emerging research indicates that non‐precious metal materials have promising activity for oxygen reduction/evolution in alkaline conditions while constructing a high‐performance and reliable electrode is still a big challenge at the present stage. In this work, a bimetal doped zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) film is synthesized by fast current‐driven synthesis (FCDS) on a thin carbon nanotube film (CNTF). After carbonization at 950 °C, CoFe‐N‐C nanofoam formed on the CNTF, resulting in binder‐free, flexible electrodes. It exhibits excellent activity and stability toward oxygen reduction and evolution. The CoFe‐N‐C/CNTF‐based liquid‐state ZAB shows an output power density of 294 mW cm−2. When applied in solid‐state ZAB, the flexible battery shows high power density and excellent cycling stability.
Combining Krafft Point and Volume Phase Transition Temperature Toward Regulation of Solar Radiation and Privacy Protection
Authors: Liu Yihan , Yan Chunyue , Qi Ping , Song Aixin , Hao Jingcheng
Published: December 2022

Everlasting pursuit of high energy efficiency as well as meeting fluctuant temperatures raise various lighting requirements, which is driving the originality of thermochromic smart windows (SWs). SWs with dual‐temperature response upon rational designs are identified as an effective approach to regulate solar radiation and protect privacy. Here, combining the Krafft point (Tk) of ionic surfactants and the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of gels toward SW materials is utilized to achieve a transition of opacity‐transparence‐opacity as temperature change, maintaining transparency at an intermediate temperature range with favorable optical modulation parameters. Cationic surfactant, hexadecylpyridinium bromide (HPB), and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are combined using Tk and VPTT to serve as the dual thermo‐responsive switches for regulating solar radiation and protecting privacy. Tk of HPB can be adjusted by adding salts and VPTT is turned by introducing hydrophilic and hydrophobic comonomer. This work provides a realizable pathway by which in situ adjustable parameters may be performed and operated in external environment conditions, completely changing the smart window materials.
Kinetics of Water Transfer Between the LCST and UCST Thermoresponsive Blocks in Diblock Copolymer Thin Films Monitored by In Situ Neutron Reflectivity
Authors: Hu Neng , Lin Li , Metwalli Ezzeldin , Bießmann Lorenz , Philipp Martine , Hildebrand Viet , Laschewsky Andre , Papadakis Christine M. , Cubitt Robert , Zhong Qi , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter
Published: December 2022

The kinetics of water transfer between the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and upper critical solution temperature (UCST) thermoresponsive blocks in about 10 nm thin films of a diblock copolymer is monitored by in situ neutron reflectivity. The UCST‐exhibiting block in the copolymer consists of the zwitterionic poly(4‐((3‐methacrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)butane‐1‐sulfonate), abbreviated as PSBP. The LCST‐exhibiting block consists of the nonionic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), abbreviated as PNIPAM. The as‐prepared PSBP80‐b‐PNIPAM400 films feature a three‐layer structure, i.e., PNIPAM, mixed PNIPAM and PSBP, and PSBP. Both blocks have similar transition temperatures (TTs), namely around 32 °C for PNIPAM, and around 35 °C for PSBP, and with a two‐step heating protocol (20 °C to 40 °C and 40 °C to 80 °C), both TTs are passed. The response to such a thermal stimulus turns out to be complex. Besides a three‐step process (shrinkage, rearrangement, and reswelling), a continuous transfer of D2O from the PNIPAM to the PSBP block is observed. Due to the existence of both, LCST and UCST blocks in the PSBP80‐b‐PNIPAM400 film, the water transfer from the contracting PNIPAM, and mixed layers to the expanding PSBP layer occurs. Thus, the hydration kinetics and thermal response differ markedly from a thermoresponsive polymer film with a single LCST transition.
Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Metal‐Organic Framework (Ni‐ZIF‐67) Decorated Waterborne Polyurethane (Ni‐ZIF‐67/WPU) Nanocomposites: Sonochemical Approach
Authors: Borse Rahul Anil , Kale Manoj B. , Hakke Vikas S. , Pandi Narsimha , Sonawane Shirish H. , Wang Yaobing
Published: December 2022

This work investigates the effect of a modified nickel‐doped metal‐organic framework (Ni‐ZIF‐67) as a filler on thermal, mechanical, and water vapor permeability properties of environmentally friendly waterborne polyurethane (WPU). The facile and greener ultrasound (sonochemical) technique is developed to prepare multifunctional Ni‐ZIF‐67@WPU nanocomposites, exhibiting superior crystallinity and uniform distribution. The resultant Ni‐ZIF‐67 nanoparticles and Ni‐ZIF‐67@WPU films are characterized by various techniques, including powder XRD, FE‐SEM, FTIR, TGA, UTM, contact angle, and antibacterial properties. Ni‐ZIF‐67@WPU nanocomposites exhibited excellent three‐fold mechanical performance (tensile strength ≈22 MPa) at a very low 5 wt.% filler loading and high thermal stability compared to pristine WPU. In addition, Ni‐ZIF‐67@WPU exhibited optimum water vapor permeability performance at 5.0 wt.% filler with the potential antibacterial application. Demonstrate that the rapid and facile synthesis approach can enhance the interaction of filler and matrix, high surface area, and tuneable pore size of filler material. This new insight has a new green approach for fabricating advanced nanocomposites toward practical utilization.
Synthesis of Core–Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles Containing Ultrasmall Domains of Silicalite‐1
Authors: Piva Diógenes Honorato , Piva Roger Honorato , Ghojavand Sajjad , Pautrat Alain , Debost Maxime , Urquieta‐González Ernesto A. , Mintova Svetlana
Published: December 2022

Synthesis of core–shell nanostructures with magnetic core and zeolitic shell is an ongoing challenge. Herein, a strategy is presented for preparation of γ‐Fe2O3@mesoporous silica (mSiO2) core–shell nanoparticles containing ultrasmall domains of silicalite‐1 in the shell (γ‐Fe2O3@mSiO2/silicalite‐1). The strategy consists in a solid‐state reorganization of the precursor amorphous mSiO2 shell into silicalite‐1 using a tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) as an organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA) under mild hydrothermal (HT) conditions. The formation of silicalite‐1 crystalline domains is investigated through the detailed characterization of products obtained at different times of HT treatment by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen physisorption. By careful tuning the time of HT treatment, the γ‐Fe2O3@mSiO2/silicalite‐1 nanostructures are prepared. Benefitting from the unique mesopores/microporous structure formed, the γ‐Fe2O3@mSiO2/silicalite‐1 core–shell nanostructure shows superior adsorption capacity to remove aniline from aqueous solutions than the γ‐Fe2O3@mSiO2. Moreover, the γ‐Fe2O3@mSiO2/silicalite‐1 nanostructure is easily separated from aqueous solutions using magnetic separation technique within 1 min.
Plasma‐Assisted Surface Modification and Heparin Immobilization: Dual‐Functionalized Blood‐Contacting Biomaterials with Improved Hemocompatibility and Antibacterial Features
Authors: Özgüzar Hatice Ferda , Evren Ebru , Meydan Ahmet Ersin , Kabay Gozde , Göçmen Julide Sedef , Buyukserin Fatih , Erogul Osman
Published: December 2022

The inferior hemocompatibility or antibacterial properties of blood‐contacting materials and devices are restraining factors that hinder their successful clinical utilization. To highlight these, a plasma‐enhanced modification strategy is favored for surface tailoring of an extensively used biomaterial, polypropylene (PP). The surface activation of the PPs is achieved by oxygen plasma etching and subsequent surface functionalization through amine‐rich precursor mediated coating by plasma glow discharge. After optimum plasma processing parameters are decided, heparin (anticoagulant and antithrombic drug) is either attached or covalently conjugated on the PPs’ surfaces. The aminated films produced at 75 W plasma power with 15 min exposure time are highly hydrophilic (34.72 ± 5.92°) and surface active (65.91 mJ m−2), facilitating high capacity heparin immobilization (≈440 µg cm−2) by covalent linkage. The kinetic‐blood coagulation rate and protein adhesion amount on the plasma‐mediated heparinized PPs are decreased about tenfold and 15‐fold, and platelet adhesion is markedly lowered. In addition, heparinized‐PP surfaces comprise superior antibacterial activity against gram‐positive/‐negative bacteria conveyed particularly by contact‐killing (99%). The heparin‐coating did not cause cytotoxicity on fibroblast cells, instead enhanced their proliferation, as shown by the (3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay. Overall, this simple methodology is highly proficient in becoming a universal strategy for developing dual‐functionalized blood‐contacting materials.
Engineering Water Stable Perovskite and Plasmonic‐Perovskite Nanocomposites: A Step toward Unleashing the True Potential of Perovskite Catalysis
Authors: Aggarwal Pooja , Ahlawat Monika , Govind Rao Vishal
Published: December 2022

Despite garnering so much research interest, the potential technological developments of perovskites are limited due to the instability of perovskites in polar solvents. Here, it is discovered that upon exposure to ethanol, the initial cubic cesium lead bromide nanocrystals (CsPbBr3 NCs) undergo a phase transformation from the cubic phase to the orthorhombic phase. Further exposure of the orthorhombic phase to water leads to the formation of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanoaggregates, which shows higher stability in water compared to pristine CsPbBr3 NCs. A systematic investigation of the interfaces using various spectroscopic techniques demonstrating the self‐assembly process and phase transformation is presented. The increased stability of ethanol‐treated CsPbBr3 NCs is attributed to the ethoxide ions adsorption on the CsPbBr3 interface, owing to strong affinity of alkoxide ions to Pb2+. Effective surface passivation leads to enhanced charge‐carrier separation, a prerequisite to an effective photocatalyst. Ethoxide‐stabilized CsPbBr3 in water is utilized to reduce Au3+ to Au0 to synthesize water‐stable Au‐CsPbBr3 nanocomposites. The formation of hybrid plasmonic metal‐perovskites nanocomposite influences the perovskite's excited state charge carrier dynamics. This opens the possibilities of utilizing the synergistic effects of the light‐harvesting properties of plasmonic nanomaterials with the catalytic attributes of perovskite materials and controlling the interface properties by tuning plasmon–exciton coupling.
Atomic‐Scale Observation of the Local Structure and 1D Quantum Effects in vdW Stacking Mo6Te6 Nanowires
Authors: Li Yuang , Wu Di , Wang Dongli , Zhang Yinuo , Min Tai , Pan Yi
Published: December 2022

The sub‐nanometer‐diameter transitional‐metal chalcogenides (M6X6) molecular wires are ideal 1D quantum systems. The electronic properties of such system are very sensitive to the interface interaction and local imperfection. Here, the atomic structure and local electronic structure of van der Waals (vdW) stacking Mo6Te6 nanowires fabricated by using molecular beam epitaxy are reported. Atomic‐resolution scanning tunneling microscopy measurement shows that the vdW interface distance varies from 0.71 to 1.05 nm when Mo6Te6 wires stacked on graphite, MoTe2, and Mo6Te6 surfaces. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy confirmed the 1D quantum effect of van Hove singularity and Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid behavior at 77.8 K. Single Te vacancies and their effect to the local structure distortion are observed as well. These observations shed light on the local structure and quantum effects of the M6X6 nanowire materials, which may find applications in future electronic devices.
Aerosol Jet Printing of a Benzocyclobutene‐Based Ink as Adhesive Material for Wafer Bonding Application
Authors: Iervolino Filippo , Baldini Angelica , Gelmi Ilaria , Castoldi Laura , Suriano Raffaella , Levi Marinella
Published: December 2022

Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is an emerging additive manufacturing technology that is gaining increasing attention in the electronic field. Several studies have been carried out on the AJP of conductive, semiconductive, and dielectric polymers for electronic applications. However, wafer bonding is an application that is still uncovered by literature. Therefore, in this work, the AJP of benzocyclobutene (BCB) as a polymeric adhesive for wafer bonding is presented for the first time. A thorough characterization of the processing parameters is carried out to identify the most ideal conditions for printing at a relatively high speed. Then, square patterns are printed, proving the versatility of the AJP technology in terms of the reachable thickness of the deposited BCB patterns. Complex patterns with a resolution of ≈60 µm are also printed. The bonding properties of the BCB are characterized from a morphological and mechanical point of view. In particular, the shear strength of the BCB coatings deposited with AJP is ≈39 MPa and it is comparable with the shear strength of BCB coating deposited by spin‐coating. Consequently, AJP represents a valid alternative for the deposition of polymeric adhesive for wafer bonding.
Titanium Dioxide Covalently Immobilized Citric Acid (TiO2‐CA) Nanohybrid Coating of Neurovascular Flow Diverter to Improve Antithrombogenic and Pro‐Endothelialization Properties
Authors: Qian Junyu , Zhang Zhaozhao , Gao Fei , He Junxi , Hou Jiaming , Su En , Zeng Ziyi , Wang Wenyuan , Chen Yingqi , Zhang Wentai , Hu Xuebin , Wan Guojiang
Published: December 2022

Braided neurovascular flow diverters (FDs) have revolutionized the treatment of aneurysms. However, dual antiplatelet therapy is mandatory for patients with FDs, which increases the risk of adverse side effects like bleeding complications. Surface modification would be of critical relevance to improve the biocompatibility and therefore clinical performance of FDs. Herein, a titanium dioxide (TiO2) covalently immobilized citric acid (CA) nanohybrid coating is fabricated on nitinol (NiTi) braided FDs by liquid phase deposition and dip‐coating, to inhibit thrombosis and promote re‐endothelialization. The CA molecules are covalently bound onto the pre‐deposited TiO2 nanoparticulate coating. The coating has a unique homogenously nanostructured morphology as well as super‐hydrophilicity. Both in vitro and in vivo results verify that the coated samples inhibit platelets and fibrinogen adhesion, delay coagulation time, and concomitantly promote re‐endothelialization. Such appealing properties are ascribed to the nature of CA and TiO2 per se as well as the nanostructured morphology. The present strategy may not only provide a new avenue to surface‐modify braided neurovascular FDs but also shed light on advanced nanohybrid materials for biomedical applications among others.
Rapid Conductometric Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 Proteins and Its Variants Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Perera Ganganath S. , Rahman Md. Ataur , Blazevski April , Wood Alasdair , Walia Sumeet , Bhaskaran Madhu , Sriram Sharath
Published: December 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) biosensors have captured more attention than the conventional methodologies for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection due to having cost‐effective platforms and fast detection. However, these reported SARS‐CoV‐2 biosensors suffer from drawbacks including issues in detection sensitivity, degradation of biomaterials on the sensor's surface, and incapability to reuse the biosensors. To overcome these shortcomings, molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) incorporated conductometric biosensor for highly accurate, rapid, and selective detection of two model SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins: (i) receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) glycoprotein and (ii) full length trimeric spike protein are introduced. In addition, these biosensors successfully responded to several other SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD spike protein variants including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. Our conductometric biosensor selectively detects the two model proteins and SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD spike protein variant samples in real‐time with sensitivity to a detection limit of 7 pg mL–1 within 10 min of sample incubation. A battery‐free, wireless near‐field communication (NFC) interface is incorporated with the biosensor for fast and contactless detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. The smartphone enabled real‐time detection and on‐screen rapid result for SARS‐CoV‐2 variants can curve the outbreak due to its ability to alert the user to infection in real time.
A Self‐Powered Flow Velocity Sensing System Based on Hybrid Piezo‐Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Ge Chengpeng , Ma Jijie , Hu Yili , Li Jianping , Zhang Yu , He Xinsheng , Cheng Tinghai , Wen Jianming
Published: December 2022

Monitoring the flow velocity of an urban ventilation system has great significance for air circulation and air quality. In this study, a self‐powered flow velocity sensor based on hybrid piezo‐triboelectric nanogenerator (P‐TENG) is proposed. The flow velocity is detected by a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) working in freestanding triboelectric‐layer mode. A polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) fixed on the galloping beam converts the kinetic energy of the moving air into electricity. Both the TENG and PVDF are driven by the galloping vibration of a bluff body arisen from the air flow of ventilation. The structure of the P‐TENG is provided and a prototype is fabricated. The experiments indicate that the PVDF can generate 2.4 µW of energy across an external resistance of 60 MΩ. Flow velocity ranging from 4 to 10 m s−1 can be well detected by the proposed nanogenerator. Moreover, the P‐TENG is applicable to a critical environment with humidity up to 75%. Demonstration is carried out on a wind tunnel, illustrating good reliability as the frequency remains stable for the whole duration. Compared with the commercial anemometer, the error rate is under 1% after calibration. The proposed P‐TENG promises in low cost, self‐powered flow velocity monitoring in urban ventilation systems.
Effect of Mirror Quality on Optical Response of Nanoparticle‐on‐Mirror Plasmonic Nanocavities
Authors: Wang Zhenxin , Liu Lufang , Zhang Di , Krasavin Alexey V. , Zheng Junsheng , Pan Chenxinyu , He Enxing , Wang Zifan , Zhong Shengchengao , Li Zhiyong , Ren Mengxin , Guo Xin , Zayats Anatoly V. , Tong Limin , Wang Pan
Published: December 2022

As an essential part of nanoparticle‐on‐mirror (NPoM) plasmonic nanocavities, metal mirrors play an important role not only in determining the optical response of the nanocavities but also their application performance. Here the effect of mirror quality on the optical response of nanosphere‐on‐mirror (NSoM) and nanocube‐on‐mirror (NCoM) nanocavities is experimentally studied. Polycrystalline sputtered gold films (SGFs), template‐stripped gold films (TSGFs), and single‐crystalline gold microflakes (GMFs) are investigated and compared. Due to the great improvement in the surface roughness that can minimize fluctuations in the gap morphology, NSoM and NCoM nanocavities formed on smooth TSGFs and GMFs have a better cavity‐to‐cavity homogeneity in the scattering spectrum than those formed on comparably rougher SGFs. In addition, there is an obvious change in the spectral positions of the resonance modes of NSoM and NCoM nanocavities formed on SGFs due to the variation in the gap morphology, which is reproduced very well by theoretical calculations based on measured dielectric functions of the gold films. Finally, due to the reduction in electron scattering losses from SGFs to TSGFs and GMFs, an increase in the quality factors and scattering intensities of the resonance modes is observed for nanocavities formed on the corresponding films.
Near‐Infrared Light Triggered Intelligent Nanoplatform for Synergistic Chemo‐Photodynamic Therapy of Tumor
Authors: Qian Yanrong , Chen Fangman , Wang Man , Sun Qianqian , Shao Dan , Li Chunxia
Published: December 2022

Chemo‐photodynamic therapy nanodelivery systems provide a potential strategy to enhance anticancer effect. However, the treatment efficiency of stimuli‐responsive nanotheranostics remains a challenge owing to off‐target properties, poor tissue penetration, and slow drugs release. Herein, di‐selenide‐bridged mesoporous silica (Se‐Se‐mSiO2) is introduced into a near‐infrared (NIR) light triggered and tumor microenvironment (TME)‐activated intelligent nanoplatform (UCNPs@mSiO2‐Ce6@Se‐Se‐mSiO2(DOX)@HA (UCSSDH)) realizing burst drug release on demand. Typically, the UCSSDH actively targets cancer cells and accumulates in tumor site through hyaluronic acid (HA). Then, under the irradiation of 980 nm NIR light, the upconverted 650 nm emission light activates photosensitizer Ce6 to produce the singlet oxygen (1O2) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). More importantly, 1O2 further cleaves di‐selenide bonds which are sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), driving the rapid degradation of Se‐Se‐mSiO2 accompanied by the burst release of doxorubicin (DOX). Consequently, UCSSDH achieves efficient chemo‐photodynamic therapy of tumors. Last but not least, the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) perform upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging to monitor the drugs delivery. Collectively, an intelligent drug delivery system integrating therapeutic, monitoring, and targeting is exploited for NIR light‐triggered synergistic tumor therapy. This study broadens fresh vision into the development of controlled drug release and provides a momentous thought for potential clinical cancer therapy.
High‐Performance Organic Photosynaptic Transistors Using Donor−Acceptor Type and Crosslinked Core−Shell Nanoparticles as a Floating Gate Electret
Authors: Yang Wei‐Chen , Ercan Ender , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Watanabe Yu , Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Lin Bi‐Hsuan , Lo Chen‐Tsyr , Mori Hideharu , Chen Wen‐Chang
Published: December 2022

Photosynaptic transistor is considered to be a potential candidate for breaking the von Neumann bottleneck in photo‐communication field. Herein, a series of donor−acceptor type and crosslinked core−shell nanoparticles are designed and applied in phototransistors as a charge‐trapping electret. The outer shell is composed of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA); while the inner core comprises donors of thiophene and bithiophene (2T) and acceptors of benzothiazole (BT), naphthalenediimide (NDI), and hexafluorobenzene‐naphthalenediimide (FB‐NDI). It is found that the core−shell and donor−acceptor design play an important role in the charge trapping, photoresponse, and the corresponding device performance. Accordingly, the phototransistor comprising the crosslinked core−shell nanoparticles with a donor of 2T and an acceptor of BT (PV2T‐BT) produced the highest memory ratio of 105 over 104 s at a high operating voltage of −40 V. Meanwhile, the same device presented the highest paired‐pulse facilitation ratio of 168% at a medium operating voltage of −1 V, and an ultra‐low energy consumption of 0.0324 fJ at a low operating voltage of −1 µV. The findings in this study provide a new perspective on material design for phototransistor devices.
Enhanced Durability and Robustness of Triboelectric Nanogenerators with Blade‐Enclosed Structure for Breeze Energy Harvesting
Authors: Liu Yuhe , Zhu Mingkang , Nan Donghong , Li Xiang , Wang Yuqi , Su Wenhai , Wang Zhong Lin , Cheng Tinghai
Published: December 2022

In smart agriculture, lots of sensors are widely distributed in farmland with a complex environment. The methods of powering these sensors have attracted extensive attention, of which harvesting the breeze energy abundant in farmland is a good way. Herein, the triboelectric nanogenerator with blade‐enclosed structure (BE‐TENG) is proposed to enhance the durability and robustness. The device achieves a low start‐up wind speed of 1.5 m/s due to the structure based on the horizontal axis wind wheel and can output an open‐circuit voltage of 360 V. Importantly, after 10 hours of continuous operation, the voltage signal of the BE‐TENG has almost no attenuation, and its output performance can maintain stability even in a high humidity environment of 90%, showing strong durability and robustness. Experiments show that under breeze conditions, the BE‐TENG can drive almost 600 light‐emitting diodes and successfully power a soil temperature sensor. In addition, it can drive a hygrothermograph in a simulated rainfall environment, realizing the monitoring of ambient temperature and humidity. This work can convert breeze energy in farmland into electricity needed for agricultural sensors, which provides a new strategy for distributed energy supply required for smart agriculture.
Acoustically‐Induced Water Frustration for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Neutral Electrolytes
Authors: Ehrnst Yemima , Sherrell Peter C. , Rezk Amgad R. , Yeo Leslie Y.
Published: December 2022

A novel strategy utilizing high‐frequency (10 MHz) hybrid sound waves to dramatically enhance hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) in notoriously difficult neutral electrolytes by modifying their network coordination state is presented. Herein, the practical limitations associated with existing electrolyzer technology is addressed, including the need for highly corrosive electrolytes and expensive electrocatalysts, by redefining conceptually‐poor hydrogen electrocatalysts in neutral electrolytes. The improvement in HER performance is attributed to the unique capability of the intense local electromechanical coupling arising from the acoustic‐forcing to ‘frustrate’ the tetrahedrally‐coordinated hydrogen bond network of water molecules at the electrode–electrolyte interface, resulting in the generation of a high concentration of “free” water molecules that are more readily able to access catalytic sites on the unmodified polycrystalline electrode. Together with the other synergistic effects that accompany the acoustic excitation (e.g., hydronium ion generation, convective relaxation of diffusion mass transfer limitations, and prevention of bubble build‐up and their removal from the electrode), the resultant overpotential reduction of 1.4 V at −100 mA cm−2 and corresponding 14‐fold increase in current density, together with a net‐positive energy saving of 27.3%, showcases the potential of the technology as a scalable platform for effectively enhancing the efficiency of green hydrogen production.
Food insecurity among those with disability: Cross‐survey comparison of estimates and implications for future research
Authors: Henly Megan , Brucker Debra L. , Coleman‐Jensen Alisha
Published: December 2022

People with disabilities are at increased risk of food insecurity (FI). In the United States, the Current Population Survey is used to provide official FI estimates. Other federal surveys that include disability and FI measures as well as additional health, housing, nutrition, and functioning measures offer opportunities to examine determinants of FI more fully for people with disabilities. We estimate FI prevalence for people with disabilities across four surveys, finding that all sources identify disability as a risk factor for FI, with some variation in estimates. We identify policy‐specific areas each source could inform and suggest avenues for future research.
Health effects of filtering facepiece respirators: Systematic review of pulmonary and cardiovascular effects
Authors: Harber Philip , Beckett William S.
Published: December 2022

Filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) were introduced to protect the wearer by removing small particles from inspired air. FFRs are now also used to reduce the spread of transmissible agents from the wearer and are worn outside traditional healthcare and other workplaces. The COVID‐19 pandemic increased concerns about potential adverse effects on wearers. A PUBMED query retrieved articles through June 2022. Abstracts and selected full‐text articles were systematically reviewed by the authors. This article focuses upon cardiopulmonary physiologic effects (e.g., ventilation, CO2 elimination, oxygen uptake, and respiratory control) with emphasis upon current and potential research methods as well as summarizing results. 1985 records were identified, of which only 26% were published before 2020. FFR effects on CO2 elimination appear more likely to be significant than effects on oxygenation or cardiovascular function. While FFRs appear well tolerated by healthy persons, more research is needed for those with pulmonary or cardiac disorders, and for children. Many traditional pulmonary exercise study methods require special care when applied to filtering facepiece respirators. Studying additional parameters may explain the paradox of many subjective discomfort reports despite very limited physiologic effects.
The electrophysiological and neuropathological profiles of cerebellum in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice: A hypothesis on the role of cerebellum in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yu Hang , Wang Manli , Yang Qiu , Xu Xiaojiao , Zhang Rong , Chen Xi , Le Weidong
Published: December 2022

We propose the hypothesis that the cerebellar electrophysiology and sleep‐wake cycles may be altered at the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), proceeding the amyloid‐β neuropathological hallmarks. The electrophysiologic characteristics of cerebellum thereby might be served as a biomarker in the prepathological detection of AD. Sleep disturbances are common in preclinical AD patients, and the cerebellum has been implicated in sleep‐wake regulation by several pioneer studies. Additionally, recent studies suggest that the structure and function of the cerebellum may be altered at the early stages of AD, indicating that the cerebellum may be involved in the disease's progression. We used APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice as a model of AD, monitored and analyzed electroencephalogram data, and assessed neuropathological profiles in the cerebellum of AD mice. Our hypothesis may establish a linkage between the cerebellum and AD, thereby potentially providing new perspectives on the pathogenesis of the disease.
Optical Spin Polarization of a Narrow‐Linewidth Electron‐Spin Qubit in a Chromophore/Stable‐Radical System
Authors: Qiu Yunfan , Equbal Asif , Lin Chenjian , Huang Yuheng , Brown Paige J. , Young Ryan M. , Krzyaniak Matthew D. , Wasielewski Michael R.
Published: December 2022

Photoexcited organic chromophores appended to stable radicals can serve as qubit and/or qudit candidates for quantum information applications. 1,6,7,12‐Tetra‐(4‐tert‐butylphenoxy)‐perylene‐3,4 : 9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) (tpPDI) linked to a partially deuterated α,γ‐bisdiphenylene‐β‐phenylallyl radical (BDPA‐d16) was synthesized and characterized by time‐resolved optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. Photoexcitation of tpPDI‐BDPA‐d16results in ultrafast radical‐enhanced intersystem crossing to produce a quartet state (Q) followed by formation of a spin‐polarized doublet ground state (D0). Pulse‐EPR experiments confirmed the spin multiplicity ofQand yielded coherence times ofTm=2.1±0.1 μs and 2.8±0.2 μs forQandD0, respectively. BDPA‐d16eliminates the dominant1H hyperfine couplings, resulting in a single narrow line for both theQandD0states, which enhances the spectral resolution needed for good qubit addressability.
Aerobic C−N Bond Formation through Enzymatic Nitroso‐Ene‐Type Reactions**
Authors: Jäger Christina , Haase Mona , Koschorreck Katja , Urlacher Vlada B. , Deska Jan
Published: December 2022

The biocatalytic oxidation of acylated hydroxylamines enables the direct and selective introduction of nitrogen functionalities by activation of allylic C−H bonds. Utilizing either laccases or an oxidase/peroxidase couple for the formal dehydrogenation of N‐hydroxycarbamates and hydroxamic acids with air as the terminal oxidant, acylnitroso species are generated under particularly mild aqueous conditions. The reactive intermediates undergo C−N bond formation through an ene‐type mechanism and provide high yields both in intramolecular and intermolecular enzymatic aminations. Investigations on different pathways of the two biocatalytic systems and labelling studies provide more insight into this unprecedented promiscuity of classical oxidoreductases as catalysts for nitroso‐based transformations.
Single‐entity Electrochemistry Unveils Dynamic Transformation during Tandem Catalysis of Cu2O and Co3O4 for Converting NO3− to NH3
Authors: Zhang Jian , He Wenhui , Quast Thomas , Junqueira João R. C. , Saddeler Sascha , Schulz Stephan , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: December 2022

Electrochemically converting nitrate to ammonia is an essential and sustainable approach to restoring the globally perturbed nitrogen cycle. The rational design of catalysts for the nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) based on a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism is of high significance. We report a Cu2O+Co3O4 tandem catalyst which enhances the NH3 production rate by ≈2.7‐fold compared to Co3O4 and ≈7.5‐fold compared with Cu2O, respectively, however, most importantly, we precisely place single Cu2O and Co3O4 cube‐shaped nanoparticles individually and together on carbon nanoelectrodes provide insight into the mechanism of the tandem catalysis. The structural and phase evolution of the individual Cu2O+Co3O4 nanocubes during NO3RR is unveiled using identical location transmission electron microscopy. Combining single‐entity electrochemistry with precise nano‐placement sheds light on the dynamic transformation of single catalyst particles during tandem catalysis in a direct way.
Comparative postcranial osteohistology and bone histovariability of aquatic and terrestrial turtles: the case of the South AmericanPhrynops hilarii,Hydromedusa tectifera(Pleurodira, Chelidae), andChelonoidis chilensis(Cryptodira, Testudinidae)
Authors: Pereyra Maria Eugenia
Published: December 2022

This article presents a detailed comparative analysis of the bone microstructure of three extant species of South American turtles. The main histological characteristics of postcranial bones are identified, as well as the intraskeletal, ontogenetic and interspecific variation between aquatic and terrestrial species. For this purpose, thin sections of postcranial bones (seventh cervical vertebra, coracoid, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, ischium, ilium, pubis, femur, tibia, and fibula) of juvenile and adult specimens of aquatic (Phrynops hilariiandHydromedusa tectifera) and terrestrial (Chelonoidis chilensis) turtles were analyzed. Bone histology revealed an intraskeletal variation of the microanatomical and microstructural organization in these turtles. The cortical bone is composed of poorly vascularized lamellar and parallel‐fibered bone tissue interrupted with lines of arrested growth (LAGs), reflecting a cyclical slow growth rate throughout these turtles' life. Although in the adult specimens a growth rate decrease was observed, none of them have reached somatic maturity. The juvenile and the adult ofChelonoidis chilensis, unlike the aquatic species studied, presented a higher vascularization in their bones, which could imply a faster growth rate in this land specie. The number of LAGs was higher in the stylopodial and zeugopodial bones, which would make these elements suitable for approximate age estimations. Pectoral and pelvic girdle bones also exhibited a good record of LAGs. The information here obtained on extant species represents a powerful tool for the interpretation of paleobiological traits present in closely related fossil forms.
Construction of Cobalt Molybdenum Diselenide Three‐phase Heterojunctions for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Acid Medium
Authors: Xiao Xu , Shen Shijie , Zhang LiLi , Lin Zhiping , Wang Zongpeng , Zhang Qinghua , Zhong Wenwu , Zhan Baishao
Published: December 2022

Molybdenum diselenide and cobalt diselenide have been commonly implemented in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, there have been few research on the creation of their three‐phase heterojunctions and the associated HER process. Herein, we constructed a three‐phase heterostructure sample consisting of orthorhombic CoSe2, cubic CoSe2 and MoSe2 and we investigated its HER performance. The sample shows microsphere morphology composed of nanosheets with interfacial interactions between the components. It possesses an overpotential of −136 mV at −10 mA cm−2 in acid medium, which is superior to that of single component and most two‐phase heterostructures. Especially, the overpotential at −200 mA cm−2 is smaller than that of Pt/C. The excellent performance can be attributed to the d‐orbital upshift of the Co active sites due to charge redistribution between the three‐phase heterojunction and the optimization of the hydrogen free energy. This work provides inspiration for exploring the application of other multi‐component heterojunctions in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Lyapunov stability analysis for nonlinear nabla tempered fractional order systems
Authors: Wei Yiheng , Chen YangQuan , Wei Yingdong , Zhao Xuan
Published: December 2022

Due to the restriction of practical systems in time or space, tempered fractional calculus becomes more reasonable than the traditional fractional calculus. It is known that stability analysis is a crucial issue for control systems. This paper concerns the stability analysis issue of nabla tempered fractional order systems for the first time. The (discrete time) tempered Mittag–Leffler stability is defined firstly and then a stability criterion is derived via Lyapunov method. Besides, boundedness and attractiveness are also investigated.
Tackling hypo and hyper sensory processing heterogeneity in autism: From clinical stratification to genetic pathways
Authors: Lefebvre Aline , Tillmann Julian , Cliquet Freddy , Amsellem Frederique , Maruani Anna , Leblond Claire , Beggiato Anita , Germanaud David , Amestoy Anouck , Ly‐Le Moal Myriam , Umbricht Daniel , Chatham Christopher , Murtagh Lorraine , Bouvard Manuel , Leboyer Marion , Charman Tony , Bourgeron Thomas , Delorme Richard , Dumas Guillaume ,   and the EU‐AIMS LEAP group
Published: December 2022

As an integral part of autism spectrum symptoms, sensory processing issues including both hypo and hyper sensory sensitivities. These sensory specificities may result from an excitation/inhibition imbalance with a poorly understood of their level of convergence with genetic alterations in GABA‐ergic and glutamatergic pathways. In our study, we aimed to characterize the hypo/hyper‐sensory profile among autistic individuals. We then explored its link with the burden of deleterious mutations in a subset of individuals with available whole‐genome sequencing data. To characterize the hypo/hyper‐sensory profile, the differential Short Sensory Profile (dSSP) was defined as a normalized and centralized hypo/hypersensitivity ratio from the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). Including 1136 participants (533 autistic individuals, 210 first‐degree relatives, and 267 controls) from two independent study samples (PARIS and LEAP), we observed a statistically significant dSSP mean difference between autistic individuals and controls, driven mostly by a high dSSP variability, with an intermediated profile represented by relatives. Our genetic analysis tended to associate the dSSP and the hyposensitivity with mutations of the GABAergic pathway. The major limitation was the dSSP difficulty to discriminate subjects with a similar quantum of hypo‐ and hyper‐sensory symptoms to those with no such symptoms, resulting both in a similar ratio score of 0. However, the dSSP could be a relevant clinical score, and combined with additional sensory descriptions, genetics and endophenotypic substrates, will improve the exploration of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of sensory processing differences in autism spectrum.