bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variational principle and optical soliton solutions for some types of nonlinear Schrödinger dynamical systems
Authors: Seadawy Aly R. , Alsaedi Bayan A.
Published: January 2024

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics with applications in optical fibers, plasma physics, and biomolecule dynamics. The focus of this paper is on four types of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, including the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE) and the Chen–Lee–Liu equation (CLLE). We present the existence of a Lagrangian and the invariant variational principle for two coupled equations of these types. Our investigation involves the approximation solutions of these equations, achieved by selecting a trial function with single or two nontrivial variational parameters in the rectangular box region in three cases. By using these trial functions, we found the functional integral and the Lagrangian of the system without loss. The general case for the two-box potential can be obtained based on a different ansatz. We approximate the Jost function by quadratic polynomials instead of a piece-wise linear function and then approximate it by the tanh function. Using the amplitude ansatz method, we derive the exact bright soliton, dark soliton, bright–dark solitary wave solutions, rational dark–bright solutions, and the periodic solitary wave solutions for the proposed equations. The solutions obtained from these techniques have a wide range of applications in various areas of physics and other applied sciences. The results will be presented in graphical representations including 2D, 3D, and contour plots, which highlight their effectiveness. These techniques can be utilized to solve numerous other nonlinear models that arise in mathematical physics and different other applied sciences fields.
Analytic automorphism group and similar representation of analytic functions
Authors: Hou Bingzhe , Jiang Chunlan
Published: January 2024

In geometry group theory, one of the milestones is Gromov’s polynomial growth theorem: Finitely generated groups have polynomial growth if and only if they are virtually nilpotent. Inspired by Gromov’s work, we introduce the growth types of weighted Hardy spaces. In this paper, we focus on the weighted Hardy spaces of polynomial growth, which cover the classical Hardy space, weighted Bergman spaces, weighted Dirichlet spaces and much broader. Our main results are as follows. [Formula: see text] We obtain the boundedness of the composition operators with symbols of analytic automorphisms of unit open disk acting on weighted Hardy spaces of polynomial growth, which implies the multiplication operator [Formula: see text] is similar to [Formula: see text] for any analytic automorphism [Formula: see text] on the unit open disk. Moreover, we obtain the boundedness of composition operators induced by analytic functions on the unit closed disk on weighted Hardy spaces of polynomial growth. [Formula: see text] For any Blaschke product [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is similar to [Formula: see text], which is an affirmative answer to a generalized version of a question proposed by Douglas in 2007. [Formula: see text] We also give counterexamples to show that the composition operators with symbols of analytic automorphisms of unit open disk acting on a weighted Hardy space of intermediate growth could be unbounded, which indicates the necessity of the setting of polynomial growth condition. Then, the collection of weighted Hardy spaces of polynomial growth is almost the largest class such that Douglas’s question has an affirmative answer. [Formula: see text] Finally, we give the Jordan representation theorem and similarity classification for the analytic functions on the unit closed disk as multiplication operators on a weighted Hardy space of polynomial growth.
Filling systems on surfaces
Authors: Parsad Shiv , Sanki Bidyut
Published: January 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a closed orientable surface of genus [Formula: see text]. A set [Formula: see text] of pairwise non-homotopic simple closed curves on [Formula: see text] is called a filling system or simply be filling of [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] is a disjoint union of [Formula: see text] topological discs for some [Formula: see text]. A filling system is called minimally intersecting, if the total number of intersection points of the curves is minimum, or equivalently [Formula: see text]. The size of a filling system is defined as the number of its elements. We prove that the maximum possible size of a minimally intersecting filling system is [Formula: see text]. Next, we show that for [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], there exists a minimally intersecting filling system on [Formula: see text] of size [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we study geometric intersection number of curves in a minimally intersecting filling system. For [Formula: see text], we show that for a minimally intersecting filling system [Formula: see text] of size [Formula: see text], the geometric intersection numbers satisfy [Formula: see text], and for each such [Formula: see text] there exists a minimally intersecting filling system [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text].
Estimations of the elastic moduli of three-phase composites with two different ellipse inclusions randomly distributed in the matrix
Authors: Nguyen Van-Luat
Published: January 2024

A new method called the polarization approximation (PA) is constructed from the minimum energy principle; in this work, we construct a new approximation formula based on PA to determine the elastic moduli for three-phase composite materials with two different ellipse inclusions randomly distributed in the matrix. Some solutions with different approaches including PA, Mori–Tanaka approximation (MTA), differential approximations (DA), and fast Fourier transformation (FFT) method are constructed to estimate the elastic bulk and shear modulus of the three-phase composites in 2D. The numerical solutions using FFT analysis are compared with PA, DA, MTA, and Hashin–Shtrikman’s bounds. The comparison results show the effectiveness of the approximation methods, which makes MTA, PA, and DA useful with simplicity and ease of application.
Neural Modified Extended State Observer for Autonomous Maritime Transportation Vehicles with Actuator Faults and Unmatched Nonlinearities
Authors: Wu Yutao , Mao Zehui , Jiang Bin
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates extended state observer design problem for autonomous maritime transportation vehicles consisting of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) via the cooperation–competition network. Through two coordinate transformations, the dynamic model of UAVs and USVs is transformed into a standard second-order heterogeneous multi-agent system in unified earth-fixed frame. In order to recover the unavailable velocities, unpredictable fault, total disturbance as well as to estimate the heterogeneous match/unmatched nonlinearities, neural network (NN) is incorporated into the design process of the modified distributed extended state observer (MESO). Based on the Lyapunov stability analysis, it is proved that all the error signals are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) and the bounds could be arbitrarily small by choosing appropriate parameters. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Stress Detection of Autistic Adults during Simulated Job Interviews Using a Novel Physiological Dataset and Machine Learning
Authors: Migovich Miroslava , Adiani Deeksha , Breen Michael , Swanson Amy , Vogus Timothy J. , Sarkar Nilanjan
Published: January 2024

The interview process has been identified as one of the major barriers to employment of autistic individuals, which contributes to the staggering rate of under and unemployment of autistic adults. Decreasing stress during the interview has been shown to improve interview performance. However, in order to effectively provide insights on stress to both interviewees and interviewers, it is necessary to first effectively measure stress. This work explores physiological stress detection through wearable sensing as a means of obtaining quantitative stress measures from young autistic adults undergoing a virtual simulated interview using supervised machine learning techniques. Several supervised learning models were explored and it was found that Elastic Net Regression had the best accuracy with individual models with an accuracy of 84.8% while Support Vector Regression models evaluated with leave-one-out cross validation had a group accuracy of 75.4%. The predictions from the stress model were used with data visualization techniques in order to provide insights on the interview process from both a group and individual viewpoint, showing that stress trends can be found and evaluated using the stress model. This work also addresses a major gap in physiological stress detection literature by presenting a novel dataset of physiological data and ground truth labels for 15 autistic young adults undergoing a simulated interview.
TROP: TRust-aware OPportunistic Routing in NoC with Hardware Trojans
Authors: Sankar Syam , Gupta Ruchika , Jose John , Nandi Sukumar
Published: January 2024

Multiple software and hardware intellectual property (IP) components are combined on a single chip to form Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chips (MPSoCs). Due to the rigid time-to-market constraints, some of the IPs are from outsourced third parties. Due to the supply-chain management of IP blocks being handled by unreliable third-party vendors, security has grown as a crucial design concern in the MPSoC. These IPs may get exposed to certain unwanted practises like the insertion of malicious circuits called Hardware Trojan (HT) leading to security threats and attacks, including sensitive data leakage or integrity violations. A Network-on-Chip (NoC) connects various units of an MPSoC. Since it serves as the interface between various units in an MPSoC, it has complete access to all the data flowing through the system. This makes NoC security a paramount design issue. Our research focuses on a threat model where the NoC is infiltrated by multiple HTs that can corrupt packets. Data integrity verified at the destination’s network interface (NI) triggers re-transmissions of packets if the verification results in an error. In this article, we propose an opportunistic trust-aware routing strategy that efficiently avoids HT while ensuring that the packets arrive at their destination unaltered. Experimental results demonstrate the successful movement of packets through opportunistically selected neighbours along a trust-aware path free from the HT effect. We also observe a significant reduction in the rate of packet re-transmissions and latency at the expense of incurring minimum area and power overhead.
One-Step Method for the Direct Growth of NiO Nanoflowers on Pencil Graphite Electrode for Highly Sensitive Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing
Authors: Thi Phong Thu Do , Thi Xuan Chu , Oanh Vu Thi , Viet Nguyen Xuan , Tu Le Manh , Loan To Thanh , Van Tuan Chu , Ha Nguyen Hai , Thi Thanh Le Dang , Hoa Nguyen Duc
Published: January 2024

Electrochemical glucose sensors, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic sensors, have been considered as quick, accurate, and efficent means for glucose measurement. Recently, non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on metal oxides have been paid attention to develop thank to their outstanding behaviours. In most of these studies, metal oxides were synthesized individually and subsequently deposited on the electrode surface using a binder. In this study, we aim at developing a non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on NiO nanoflowers directly grown on a commercial pencil graphite electrode. NiO matetials were deposited on the electrode without a binder via a facile and low-cost chemical procedure. The synthesised materials’ morphologies and components of were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Electrocatalytic performance was recorded by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The resulting NiO nanoflowers, characterized by funnel-shaped structures measuring 500–600 nm in diameter and 20 nm in thickness, were formed on the pencil graphite electrode. The fabricated electrode showed a remarkably high sensitivity of 337 μA mM−1 cm−2, a low limit of detection of 4 μM, and good selectivity. The fabricated electrode can be a potential candidate for clinically medical applications.
Review—Advanced Secondary Batteries with Multi-Electron Reaction of Light Elements
Authors: Zhao Tuo , Wang Meiling
Published: January 2024

Despite secondary lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently sought after in many application fields, the exploration of high specific-energy secondary batteries is persistent. Innovative electrode materials and batteries that have higher specific energy than current commercial LIBs have attracted great enthusiasm. As the utilization of secondary batteries expands into increasingly significant and extensive application domains, the demand for these batteries will be substantial. Consequently, the reserves and distribution of raw materials required for battery production are receiving equivalent attention to the electrochemical performance. The multi-electron reaction electrode based on light elements rich in the earth's crust, featuring high theoretical specific capacity and low cost, paves an alternative path for the development and application of high specific energy secondary batteries in the future. The related representative batteries that are extensively studied include multi-electron reaction lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, oxygen and sulfur cathodes combined with lithium metal anode, and multivalent light metal (Mg, Al) ion batteries. This review contains a brief research update on multi-electron reaction electrode materials for secondary batteries, combining the reaction mechanism of the materials and the state-of-the-art battery performance. Moreover, the current challenges facing these electrodes and the latest countermeasures proposed are also discussed.
Cobalt-Free Oxide Cathode Material with Phase Composition Control to High Electrochemical Performance in Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Agudelo Héctor D. , Vasquez Ferley A. , Calderón Jorge A.
Published: January 2024

Cobalt-free layered oxide cathode material (LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2) was obtained via a two-step synthesis method. Firstly, hydrothermal synthesis of MnOOH with nanorod morphology was achieved and then a co-precipitation process to obtain the LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 active layered material was performed. Structural and morphological characterization revealed a promising disordered layered structure obtained at 800 °C with improved electrochemical performance. The thermal treatment performed on the active materials resulted in a controlled balance between the monoclinic and rhombohedral phase leading to good phases formation ratio in a cobalt-free layer cathode. It was found that the controlled mixing of structural phases plays an important role in improving the electrochemical performance of the active cathodic layer material, resulting in an adequate balance between high discharge capacity and electrochemical stability during the charge/discharge cycling. The morphological analysis showed two kinds of particles that played a crucial role in the structural stability and electrochemical performance. The active material thermally treated at 800 °C displayed outstanding discharge capacity of 235.05 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1 in CCCV (Current Constant-Constant Voltage) mode. While, in CC (Current Constant) mode showed the highest discharge capacity, of 178.95 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1 and good capacity retention (87.2% after 100 cycles).
Tweaking the Performance of Dielectric Modulated Junctionless Double Gate Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistor-Based Label-Free Biosensor
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Chauhan R. K.
Published: January 2024

In this study, we have explored the characteristics of a dielectric-modulated, junctionless (JL) double gate (DG) metal oxide field-effect transistor (MOSFET) featuring a misaligned cavity. Our investigation primarily revolves around proposing optimized device dimensions by examining the influence of varying the height and length of the cavity on the device’s sensitivity. We have delved into the variation of sensitivity parameters, including threshold voltage, ON current, ON-OFF current ratio, and transconductance. Furthermore, our research delves into the effects of both charged and neutral biomolecules on the DC characteristics of the proposed biosensor. We have scrutinized the placement and fill-factor variations of biomolecules within the cavity region, elucidating their impact on sensitivity. Notably, we observed that a 100% filled cavity yields the highest sensitivity. Additionally, this work encompasses a comprehensive exploration of the practical biosensing mechanism tailored for detecting Streptavidin. Based on the ON-OFF current ratio, a maximum selectivity factor of 2.38 (biotarget over bioreceptor) has been observed. Our extensive simulations, conducted using SILVACO ATLAS, rigorously investigate the effects we describe. Altogether, this study highlights the potential of misaligned-cavity JL-DG-MOSFET-based label-free biosensors as cost-effective and simplified analytical tools for biomolecule detection.
Trap States and Carrier Diffusion in Czochralski (100) Single Crystal β-Ga2O3
Authors: Nikolaev V. I. , Polyakov A. Y. , Krymov V. M. , Shapenkov S.V. , Butenko P. N. , Yakimov E. B. , Vasilev A. A. , Schemerov I. V. , Chernykh A. V. , Matros N. R. , Alexanyan L. A. , Kochkova A. I. , Pearton S. J.
Published: January 2024

Deep trap spectra and carrier diffusion lengths were measured for unintentionally doped β-Ga2O3 bulk crystals with (100) orientation. The 20-mm diameter, 15-mm length boule was pulled by the Czochralski method from gallium oxide in (010) direction. It is found that the net density of shallow donors in (100) plates cleaved from the crystal was 2.6 × 1017 cm−3, with ionization energies of 0.05 eV measured from admittance spectra. Three deep electron traps with respective ionization energies of 0.6 eV (concentration 1.1 × 1014 cm−3), 0.8 eV (concentration 3.9 × 1016 cm−3) and 1.1 eV (concentration 8.9 × 1015 cm−3) were detected by Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy. The dominant 0.8 eV trap is associated with the E2 centers due to Fe acceptors, the two other traps are the well documented E1 and E3 centers. The major deep acceptors in the lower half of the bandgap have optical ionization threshold of 2.3 eV and concentration of 4 × 1015 cm−3 and are believed to be due to the split Ga vacancies acceptors. The diffusion length of non-equilibrium charge carriers was 90 nm. The electrical properties of these (100) oriented crystals grown by Czochralski are quite similar to those synthesized by the undoped Edge-defined Film-Fed Growth technique.
In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Antibacterial Activity of Cow Urine Distillate (CUD)
Authors: Pant LokRaj , Thapa Shankar , Dahal Bibek , Khadka Ravindra , Biradar Mahalakshmi Suresha
Published: January 2024

Cow urine distillate (CUD) is a traditional Indian medicine used to treat various diseases, including bacterial infections. However, there is limited evidence to support its use as a medicine, and its safety and efficacy have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of CUD against five bacterial strains using in vitro and in silico approaches. In vitro experiments showed that CUD has significant antibacterial activity against all tested strains with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 13 to 24 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 12.5 to 50 µg/ml. The results indicated that the 15% concentration of CUD displayed the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. To further investigate the antibacterial mechanism of CUD, we performed in silico docking studies of the active compounds of CUD with bacterial proteins involved in protein synthesis. Our results showed that 2-hydroxycinnamic acid (ΔG = −6.9 kcal/mol) and ferulic acid (ΔG = −6.8 kcal/mol) exhibited the best docking scores with the targeted proteins (DNA gyrase, PDBID: 4KFG). The hydrogen bonding interaction with amino acids Val71 and Asp73 was found to be crucial for their antibacterial activity.
Investigation of Magnetized Casson Nanofluid Flow along Wedge: Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Shanmugapriya M. , Sundareswaran R. , Gopi Krishna S. , Alameri Abdu
Published: January 2024

An unsteady two-dimensional magnetized Casson nanofluid flow model is constructed over a wedge under the effect of thermal radiation and chemical reaction. The multiple slip effects are also assumed near the surface of the wedge along with the convective boundary restrictions. This study investigates the application of soft computing techniques to address the challenges posed by the complexity of problem modeling and numerical methods. Traditional approaches incorporating various model factors may struggle to provide accurate solutions. To resolve this issue, Gaussian process regression (GPR) is employed to predict the solution of the proposed flow model. With the help of the numerical shooting method together with Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth-fifth-order (RKF-45) reference data, the GPR model is trained. The numerical simulation illustrated that the Casson fluid parameter β and the unsteadiness parameter S strengthen the friction factor, and the heat transfer rate is enhanced as the radiation parameter Rd becomes larger. In addition, the Biot numbers Bi1 & Bi2 lead to strengthen nanoparticle temperature; an opposite behavior is noticed with the skin friction coefficient S˜fxRex0.5, heat transfer rate H˜tx Rex0.5, and nanoparticle transfer rate C˜txRex0.5. The GPR model with the exponential Kernel function provided better performance than other functions on both training and checking datasets to predict S˜fxRex0.5,H˜tx Rex0.5, and C˜txRex0.5. Statistical metrics including RMSE, MAE, MAPE, MSE, R2, and R are employed to check the accuracy and convergences of the predicted and numerical solutions obtained through GPR and RKF-45. It is observed that all three GPR models had an R2 value of higher than 0.9. The proposed study demonstrates the advantages of employing soft computing methods (GPR) to effectively analyse the behavior of complex flow models.
Effects of Salinity on Muscle Nutrition, Fatty Acid Composition, and Substance Anabolic Metabolism of Blue Tilapia Oreochromis aureus
Authors: Zhou Kangqi , Chen Zhong , Qin Junqi , Huang Yin , Du Xuesong , Zhang Caiqun , Pan Xianhui , Lin Yong
Published: January 2024

A 60-day culture in brackish water (0, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 ppt) was conducted to study the effects of salinity on muscle nutrition, fatty acid composition, and anabolic metabolism of blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus. Current research showed that WGR, SGR, and FCR indicators of tilapia were better improved in brackish water. In addition, the physical properties of O. aureus muscle demonstrated a positive correlation with salinity levels. The content of amino acids and fatty acids in O. aureus muscles grown under salinity was higher than that in freshwater (P>0.05). Venn analysis showed that 2343 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the four groups (0, 3, 7, and 11 ppt), of which 767 were up-regulated and 1576 were down-regulated. GO and KEGG analysis revealed 39 significant pathways, mainly including unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, and α-linolenic acid metabolism. The heat map and trend analysis showed that the expression levels of key genes involved in the physiological processes of ELOVL, SPLA2, and FADS2 in the test group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P>0.05). The above results suggested that O. aureus can not only adapt to the saline habitat but also improve muscle quality by regulating the body’s metabolic pathways.
An Energy-Saving and Environment-Friendly Networked Intelligent Door Lock System for Offices
Authors: Zhao A. Wendong , Wang B. Hao , Shi C. Mengjie , Li D. Yinghao , Ma E. Yan
Published: January 2024

With the development of IoT technology and the improvement of people’s living standards, smart locks have become prevalent in ordinary households. However, for enterprises and institutions requiring unified management and control capabilities for networked smart locks, the technology has been relatively lagging, and there is a lack of established brands. Existing products are mostly based on wireless low-power network protocols, leading to common issues of low stability, limited network scalability, and high maintenance efforts. This paper addresses the problems existing in current networked lock systems and leverages the centralized office characteristics of enterprises and institutions. By integrating IoT technology and Power over Ethernet- (PoE-) centralized power supply, we have developed a networked smart lock system with unified management and control capabilities. This system is primarily designed for applications in offices, collective dormitories, and hotels of enterprises, institutions, and schools. The test results demonstrate that even with a scale of over tens of thousands of networked locks under unified control, the system maintains fast response times and low packet loss rates. It also incorporates energy-saving and environmentally friendly features, as well as easy automatic updates, facilitating convenient postdeployment maintenance. Thus, it effectively meets the requirements for centralized management and control in different application scenarios with centralized use of rooms. In conclusion, this research has led to the development of a unified management and control networked smart lock system, which is well suited for enterprises, institutions, and schools. Its scalability, speed, energy efficiency, and ease of maintenance make it an excellent solution for various application scenarios requiring centralized management and control of access.
A Bursting Liability Evaluation Method Based on Energy Transfer
Authors: Hou Yukun , Zhao Shankun , Zhao Yang
Published: January 2024

As coal mining gradually moves to deep earth, rock bursts have emerged as one of the main disasters threatening the safety of coal production. It is beneficial to conduct economic and effective prevention and control work by evaluating the bursting liability and improving the bursting liability evaluation system. In this paper, based on the energy transfer model, the relationship between the bursting energy index and the mechanical parameters of coal bodies is obtained by testing the bursting liability of 16 coal seams stratified in three coal mines. According to the bursting energy index and the elastic energy index, the parameter φ is defined to represent the energy release ratio of coal. This paper thus presents a method to evaluate the bursting liability as the product of the energy release ratio and energy transfer ratio and provides a definition for the energy transfer index. The results show that the bursting energy index of coal is closely related to its mechanical parameters. The prepeak deformation energy exhibits a strong positive correlation with uniaxial compressive strength and peak strain. The energy release ratio parameter φ and bursting energy index have high sensitivity and wide applicability. The results of the energy transfer index Ω = βφ are consistent with the results of bursting liability identification, which can better reflect the bursting liability, and can be used as the basis for judgment when the “∗” result is obtained in bursting liability identification. It is anticipated that this approach will become an important evaluation index for bursting liability identification.
Revealing the Diversity of the Mycobiome in Different Phases of Ticks: ITS Gene‐Based Analysis
Authors: Sun Shiwei , Lin Yulian , Han Jing , He Zhen , Zhang Lin , Zhou Qi , Li Ruishan , Zhang Wenkai , Lu Zhenhua , Shao Zhongjun
Published: January 2024

Ticks are obligate ectoparasites and vectors of a variety of pathogens in humans and animals. Certain tick‐borne pathogens (TBPs) have been identified as the cause of zoonoses, posing potentially significant threats to the human health and livestock industries. Fungi are one of the major TBPs that can affect ticks and cause disease in humans. At present, there are few studies on the diversity of fungal microbial communities carried by Ixodes. Therefore, profiling tick‐borne fungi will contribute to understanding the tick‐fungal interaction. This study evaluated the community profile and differences in the fungal microbiome in Ixodidae collected on parasitic ticks or nonparasitic ticks in Wuwei, Gansu Province, China. The Shannon index, Simpson index, and Richness index were used to evaluate the diversity of mycobiome. Principle coordinates analysis (PCoA) was conducted to determine patterns of diversity in mycobiome. Using correlation analysis to determine the correlation of mycobiome. The results show that the high‐throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer gene generated 3,634,943 raw reads and 7,482 amplicon sequence variants. The dominant tick species in this region was Dermacentor nuttalli (Ixodidae). The mycobiome belonged to four classes—Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Ustilaginomycetes, and Tremellomycetes—and more than 261 genera, the most abundant genera were Cladosporium, Purpureocillium, Aureobasidium, Tranzscheliella, and Sporormiella. Alpha diversity indicated that the abundance and evenness of mycobiome were marginally higher in nonparasitic ticks than in parasitic ticks. PCoA showed that the community structures of parasitic ticks vary from nonparasitic ticks, samples from nonparasitic ticks tended to cluster more closely than those from the parasitic ticks. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant positive correlation or negative correlation between the mycobiome. Our results indicate that the mycobiome carried by Dermacentor nuttalli had rich diversity, and there was a significant difference in mycobiome between parasitic ticks and nonparasitic ticks. These findings may conducive to understand the complex interaction between ticks and commensal fungi and provide help for the further exploration of the behavioral characteristics of ticks and formulation of effective biological control measures.
Data from Small Interfering RNA–Directed Knockdown of Uracil DNA Glycosylase Induces Apoptosis and Sensitizes Human Prostate Cancer Cells to Genotoxic Stress
Authors: Pulukuri Sai Murali Krishna , Knost James A. , Estes Norman , Rao Jasti S.
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) is the primary enzyme responsible for removing uracil residues from DNA. Although a substantial body of evidence suggests that DNA damage plays a role in cancer cell apoptosis, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In particular, very little is known about the role of base excision repair of misincorporated uracil in cell survival. To test the hypothesis that the repair of DNA damage associated with uracil misincorporation is critical for cancer cell survival, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to target the human UNG gene. In a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, siRNA specifically inhibited UNG expression and modified the expression of several genes at both mRNA and protein levels. In LNCaP cells, p53, p21, and Bax protein levels increased, whereas Bcl2 levels decreased. In DU145 cells, p21 levels were elevated, although mutant p53 and Bax levels remained unchanged. In PC3 cells, UNG inhibition resulted in elevated p21 and Bax levels. In all three cell lines, UNG inhibition reduced cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and increased cellular sensitivity to genotoxic stress. Furthermore, an in vitro cleavage experiment using uracil-containing double-stranded DNA as a template has shown that siRNA-mediated knockdown of UNG expression significantly reduced the uracil-excising activity of UNG in human prostate cancer cells, which was associated with DNA damage analyzed by comet assay. Taken together, these findings indicate that RNA interference–directed targeting of UNG is a convenient, novel tool for studying the biological role of UNG and raises the potential of its application for prostate cancer therapy. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(8):1285–93)
Data from Leucine Leucine-37 Uses Formyl Peptide Receptor–Like 1 to Activate Signal Transduction Pathways, Stimulate Oncogenic Gene Expression, and Enhance the Invasiveness of Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Coffelt Seth B. , Tomchuck Suzanne L. , Zwezdaryk Kevin J. , Danka Elizabeth S. , Scandurro Aline B.
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the antimicrobial peptide, leucine leucine-37 (LL-37), could play a role in the progression of solid tumors. LL-37 is expressed as the COOH terminus of human cationic antimicrobial protein-18 (hCAP-18) in ovarian, breast, and lung cancers. Previous studies have shown that the addition of LL-37 to various cancer cell lines in vitro stimulates proliferation, migration, and invasion. Similarly, overexpression of hCAP-18/LL-37 in vivo accelerates tumor growth. However, the receptor or receptors through which these processes are mediated have not been thoroughly examined. In the present study, expression of formyl peptide receptor–like 1 (FPRL1) was confirmed on ovarian cancer cells. Proliferation assays indicated that LL-37 does not signal through a G protein–coupled receptor, such as FPRL1, to promote cancer cell growth. By contrast, FPRL1 was required for LL-37–induced invasion through Matrigel. The peptide stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase and Janus-activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling cascades and led to the significant activation of several transcription factors, through both FPRL1-dependent and FPRL1-independent pathways. Likewise, expression of some LL-37–stimulated genes was attenuated by the inhibition of FPRL1. Increased expression of CXCL10, EGF, and PDGF-BB as well as other soluble factors was confirmed from conditioned medium of LL-37–treated cells. Taken together, these data suggest that LL-37 potentiates a more aggressive behavior from ovarian cancer cells through its interaction with FPRL1. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(6):907–15)
Supplementary Figure 2 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: January 2024

Circulating ORF1p levels in eight stage I ovarian cancer patients
Supplementary Figure 1 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: January 2024

Age and gender distributions of healthy control patients
TABLE 1 from Pain and Its Association with Survival for Black and White Individuals with Advanced Prostate Cancer in the United States
Authors: Rencsok Emily M. , Slopen Natalie , McManus Hannah D. , Autio Karen A. , Morgans Alicia K. , McSwain Lawrence , Barata Pedro , Cheng Heather H. , Dreicer Robert , Gerke Travis , Green Rebecca , Heath Elisabeth I. , Howard Lauren E. , McKay Rana R. , Nowak Joel , Pileggi Shannon , Pomerantz Mark M. , Rathkopf Dana E. , Tagawa Scott T. , Whang Young E. , Ragin Camille , Odedina Folakemi T. , Kantoff Philip W. , Vinson Jake , Villanti Paul , Haneuse Sebastien , Mucci Lorelei A. , George Daniel J.
Published: January 2024

Cohort demographic and clinical characteristics by self-reported race (N = 879), 2017–2023
Supplementary Table S8 from Pain and Its Association with Survival for Black and White Individuals with Advanced Prostate Cancer in the United States
Authors: Rencsok Emily M. , Slopen Natalie , McManus Hannah D. , Autio Karen A. , Morgans Alicia K. , McSwain Lawrence , Barata Pedro , Cheng Heather H. , Dreicer Robert , Gerke Travis , Green Rebecca , Heath Elisabeth I. , Howard Lauren E. , McKay Rana R. , Nowak Joel , Pileggi Shannon , Pomerantz Mark M. , Rathkopf Dana E. , Tagawa Scott T. , Whang Young E. , Ragin Camille , Odedina Folakemi T. , Kantoff Philip W. , Vinson Jake , Villanti Paul , Haneuse Sebastien , Mucci Lorelei A. , George Daniel J.
Published: January 2024

Baseline worst pain scale Cox model results from sensitivity analysis for missing indicator values during MICE procedure
Supplementary Figure S2 from Pain and Its Association with Survival for Black and White Individuals with Advanced Prostate Cancer in the United States
Authors: Rencsok Emily M. , Slopen Natalie , McManus Hannah D. , Autio Karen A. , Morgans Alicia K. , McSwain Lawrence , Barata Pedro , Cheng Heather H. , Dreicer Robert , Gerke Travis , Green Rebecca , Heath Elisabeth I. , Howard Lauren E. , McKay Rana R. , Nowak Joel , Pileggi Shannon , Pomerantz Mark M. , Rathkopf Dana E. , Tagawa Scott T. , Whang Young E. , Ragin Camille , Odedina Folakemi T. , Kantoff Philip W. , Vinson Jake , Villanti Paul , Haneuse Sebastien , Mucci Lorelei A. , George Daniel J.
Published: January 2024

Selection of study participants exclusion flowchart
Surgery versus Endoscopy for the Management of Painful Chronic Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Cassar Noel , Cromwell Paul , Duggan Sinead , van Veldhuisen Charlotte , Boermeester Marja , Besselink Marc , Conlon Kevin
Published: January 2024

Background: Debate exists regarding the optimal treatment for painful chronic pancreatitis (CP). This meta-analysis aims to determine the outcomes of surgical intervention as compared to endoscopy in patients with painful CP. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis including studies from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Databases (1995 onwards) was done by two independent reviewers using PRISMA guidelines. Primary outcome was pain relief. Results: Among 8,479 studies, three were randomized trials, comprising a total of 199 patients. Compared with endoscopy, surgery was associated with a lower Izbicki score, both at medium term (mean difference (MD) 21.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 13.48–29.43, p < 0.00001) and long term (MD: 17.80, 95% CI: 8.36–27.23, p = 0.0002). A higher proportion of surgical patients had some sort of pain relief compared with those who had endoscopy, both at medium term (72% vs. 46%, RR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.19–1.90, p = 0.0006) and long term (73% vs. 47%, RR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.19–1.89, p = 0.0007). Complete pain relief was more common in the surgical group compared to the endoscopy group, both at medium term (33% vs. 17%, RR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.16–3.36, p = 0.01) and long term (35% vs. 18%, RR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.15–3.20, p = 0.01). The pooled crossover rate from endoscopy to surgery was 22% (22/99). Conclusions: Surgical treatment in patients with painful CP leads to better pain control, requiring fewer interventions as compared to endoscopic treatment.
How Physicians and Nursing Staff Perceive Effectiveness and Tolerability of Bryophyllum Preparations: An Online Survey in an Anthroposophic Hospital
Authors: Huber Tiffany , Krüerke Daniel , Simões-Wüst Ana Paula
Published: January 2024

Background: Bryophyllum preparations are widely used in anthroposophic medicine, most often for mental and behavioural disorders. Three prospective studies have revealed positive effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum on sleep quality, and various trials have shown very good tolerability. Results from animal models have indicated CNS depressant and anxiolytic effects. This survey was conducted at the hospital “Klinik Arlesheim” in Switzerland to find out how the physicians and the nursing staff perceive the effectiveness and the tolerability of the Bryophyllum preparations they most frequently use. Design: Internal, anonymous online survey of healthcare professionals (April 8–May 31, 2022). The questionnaire comprised 105 multiple-choice questions. Answering the questions was taken as consent to participate in the survey. Participants and Methods: All physicians and nursing staff with a valid email address at the hospital “Klinik Arlesheim AG” were invited via email to participate in this REDCap survey. The data were analysed descriptively. Results: Out of 266 invited participants, 48 answered some and 36 answered all questions (response rate between 18.0% and 13.5%). The participants had long experience with Bryophyllum preparations and were comprised approximately equal numbers of physicians and nursing staff. Various Bryophyllum preparations from the hospital’s own production and Wala Heilmittel GmbH (in both cases produced from the species B. daigremontianum) and from Weleda AG (species B. pinnatum) were used. The indications for which most participants had prescribed or administered Bryophyllum preparations “very frequently” were anxiety, sleep disorders, crisis situations in oncology, posttraumatic stress disorder, benzodiazepine dependence/withdrawal, and depression. Improvements such as relief from restlessness, decreased anxiety, balance, easier falling asleep, better sleeping through, increased resilience, mood elevation, and less urge to move one’s legs were reported “frequently” or “very frequently.” Almost all participants agreed that Bryophyllum can be used to reduce the intake of synthetic sedatives or psychotropic drugs, but only approximately half believed that it could replace them. The majority of participants mentioned good tolerability of the various products, but a few reported occasional stomach or intestinal irritation, daytime fatigue, drowsiness, diarrhoea, and nausea. Conclusion: Bryophyllum preparations are perceived as helpful in the treatment of various mental disorders, particularly anxiety, and are generally well tolerated. Most of these preparations are used for indications that have not yet been clinically investigated.
Expert Pathology for Gestational Trophoblastic Disease: Towards an International Multidisciplinary Team Meeting
Authors: Kaur Baljeet , Nadal Alfons , Bartosch Carla , Rougemont Anne-Laure
Published: January 2024

Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), comprising hydatidiform moles and gestational trophoblastic tumours, is extremely rare. Exact diagnosis is crucial to indicate the appropriate treatment and to prevent complications. The scarcity and variability in the number of cases available for reporting, lack of specialised training in GTD, and non-existence of refresher courses implies that the pathologist dealing with these rare and, at times, extremely challenging cases is not completely confident in their diagnosis. Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the benefits of implementation of an international multidisciplinary conference (virtual) to aid diagnosis of difficult cases and support clinical management of GTD. Methods: A short survey was circulated to all 46 members of the EOTTD pathology and genetics working party and further spread to other colleagues who practice GTD. This showed that the pathologists and geneticists working with GTD patients do not feel adequately supported and equipped with dealing with these rare diseases. Outcome: Virtual cross-border multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTs) were initiated in April 2022, bringing together participants from 11 European countries on a bi-yearly basis. Mean numbers of 3 patients are discussed during the MDTs followed by 3–4 quality assessment cases. A participant survey was conducted at the end of virtual meeting with an average satisfaction rate of 9.5. The pathologists felt supported and benefited from networking and clinical collaboration. Conclusions and Outlook: This international MDT continues to provide support in managing the uncertainty with difficult and rare cases and enhances the pathologists training and experience. The frequency of meetings and the number of cases discussed per meeting will be increased in 2023 given the positive response. This will empower individuals and organisations to work together and improve diagnosis and the prognosis for these young patients.