bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Values and Personality Traits in Malaysian College Students
Authors: Mustapha Mazni , E. Hyland Michael
Published: October 2017

The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationships between personality traits and value importance amongst students at tertiary level of education in Malaysia. Two thousands and ninety students from various government and semi-government's higher learning institutions participated in this study. The Schwartz’s Short Value Scale (adapted version by Lindeman & Verkasaloo, 2005) was used as a measurement tool for value importance. All of 10 universal values i.e. Power, Hedonism, Self-direction, Stimulation, Achievement, Benevolence, Universalism, Tradition, Conformity, and Security as proposed by Schwartz (1992), were rated on the extent to which they act as “guiding principle of life”. Two underlying structures of values were identified as Conservation and Self-Transcendence. Personality traits were based on the five factor model of personality, i.e. Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism, measured through The Big Five Inventory by John, Donahue, and Kentle (1991). Results showed that Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were positively correlated with both Conservation and Self-Transcendence values. Whilst, Openness showed negative relationships with both types of values, and Neuroticism correlated negatively with Self-Transcendence values.
Kedudukan Wahyu dan Akal dalam Penghujahan berdasarkan Ilmu Mantik
Authors: Hassan Shahir Akram
Published: October 2017

This article focuses on the discussion about the positions of the human mind and prophetic revelations in Islamic research. In the usual Social Science research, only the human mind serves as the basis for proofs and theory of knowledge (epistemology). The research would reject prophetic revelations. In Islam, however, there is a consensus that prophetic revelations must be placed as better proofs and theory of knowledge over the the human mind. As such, what are the positions of prophetic revelations and the human mind in Islamic research? To answer this question, logic is used as reference. Logic is the study of arguments based on human reasoning, as defined in Islam. Logic also serves as a method of determining the validity of proofs which can be used in an argument. The questions which arise then, are: What is the position of the human mind in Islamic research? What is the order of priority between the human mind and prophetic revelations in an Islamic research? To answer these questions, this paperwork will use literary research and textual analysis to analyse the positions of prophetic revelations and the human mind according to logic. This article will study the definitions of the human mind and prophetic revelation in Islam. Then the positions of the human mind and prophetic revelations will be analysed in a logical discussion, to serve as a method to be used in Islamic research. The use of logic is observed as having cleared the confusion in determining the positions of the human mind and prophetic revelations in Islamic research. How the prophetic revelations are used in Islamic research in accordance to the Islamic research method is also discussed. The results of this research found that logic approves of both the “naqli” and “aqli” proofs. The human mind is actually recognised as a legitimate instrument for proofs in Islam but it cannot take precedence over prophetic revelations. Instead, prophetic revelations serve an important role in Islamic research. However, certain methods must be followed when using the prophetic revelations in Islamic research in order for them to be valid.
Impak Pembangunan Pelancongan Terhadap Komuniti Pulau: Kajian Di Pulau Tioman, Malaysia
Authors: Shukor Md Shafiin , Mohd Salleh Norlida Hanim , Mohd Idris Siti Hajar
Published: October 2017

Tourism development is an agent of change to the economic, social and culture of local communities and should make a difference to the environment. These changes may impact either in a positive or negative way. The objective of this study is to analyze the level of agreement of local communities on the development of tourism in the view of economic, social, cultural and environmental impact towards the lives of local communities in tourist destinations, Pulau Tioman. This research is using Smart Partial Least Square 3 (SmartPLS 3) to analyse 228 respondents. The study found that tourism development brings a positive impact on local communities from all aspects. It also found that tourism development can improve the welfare and satisfaction level in life of local communities. Therefore, the development of tourism in tourist destinations like Pulau Tioman can be used as a model for the development of tourism in the other new destinations.
Pengaruh Pencapaian Biologi dan Kimia Peringkat SPM dalam Meramal Pencapaian Pelajar bagi Subjek Biologi Manusia
Authors: Ahmad Hishamuddin , Mokshein Siti Eshah
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify differences in the results of the semester examinations for the Human Biology subject of the Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology (DMLT) program for science and non-science stream students at the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) level as well as the achievement of male and female students. Furthermore, this study is also intended to predict the results of the Human Biology subject based on the SPM subjects of Biology and Chemistry. This study is a quantitative study involving the analysis of students' Human Biology subjects for the July-December 2012 session using multiple regression analysis with SPM results as independent variables. The sample used was 40 students who were randomly selected from the College of Medical Laboratory Technology, Kuala Lumpur, and the Allied Health Science College, Kuching, Sarawak. The results of the data analysis showed that the achievement of students from the science stream in the Human Biology subject was better (p<0.05; t=-3.653; df=38) than students from non-science streams and the difference in achievement was significant at 95% confidence level. At the same time, the achievement of female students showed better results (p<0.05; t=-2.082; df=38) as compared to male students. Pearson correlation analysis showed a very strong positive correlation for Biology (r=0.632 (39), p<0.05) and Chemistry (r=0.678 (39), p<0.05) subjects grades to Human Biology subject scores. Linear multiple regression analysis showed that the combined grades of Biology and Chemistry subjects at the SPM level predicted 49.1% of the Human Biology subject scores variant at DMLT level. The implication of this study suggests that candidates from the science stream with better grade results especially in Biology and Chemistry subjects at the SPM level should be given priority for the enrolment to the DMLT program. Since the DMLT program cannot be exclusively offered to female candidates even though the female group is able to achieve better results, male candidates’ enrolment need to be continued. However, more attention should be given to the male students especially during the learning session of Human Biology subject.
Tahap Kefahaman Pelajar Terhadap Penggunaan Modul PBL dalam Pendidikan Islam di Politeknik Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Nawi Aliff , Zakaria Gamal Abdul Nasir , Hashim Norkhairiah
Published: October 2017

This study was conducted to identify students’ level of understanding and feedback on the use of PBL Module at Polytechnic Brunei Darussalam. PBL Modules are designed specifically for Islamic Education course and used by a total of 41 students throughout the semester. This study used a descriptive analysis (frequency, percentage and min) to see the level of students' understanding of the modules used. In addition, interviews with mini-focus groups were also conducted to obtain feedback on the module. The results showed that the students able to understand the module effectively and enhance students’ understanding. Students also demonstrated increased awareness of critical thinking, concentration performance, advocate sharing information and team work engagement. The response also indicates that students prefer to use this module as well as to improve the quality of teaching and learning. PBL is expected module can be used as an alternative material that can be highlighted in the field of Islamic education in line with the demands of learning in the 21st century.
A new species of Licneremaeus (Oribatida: Licneremaeidae) from Brazil, with an identification key to the known species of the genus
Authors: Bomfim Grecilane S. , Silva Janisete G. , Oliveira Anibal Ramadan
Published: October 2017

Licneremaeus braziliensis sp.nov. is described and illustrated based on female specimens collected from palm leaflets (Arecaceae) in Ilhéus, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. This is the first species of the genus described from this country. A dichotomous key for identification of all known species of Licneremaeus is proposed.
A Mutator Phenotype Promoting the Emergence of Spontaneous Oxidative Stress-Resistant Mutants in Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Dai Lei , Sahin Orhan , Tang Yizhi , Zhang Qijing
Published: October 2017

Campylobacter jejuni
is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide. As a microaerophilic organism,
C. jejuni
must be able to defend against oxidative stress encountered both in the host and in the environment. How
Campylobacter
utilizes a mutation-based mechanism for adaptation to oxidative stress is still unknown. Here we present a previously undescribed phenotypic and genetic mechanism that promotes the emergence of oxidative stress-resistant mutants. Specifically, we showed that a naturally occurring mutator phenotype, resulting from a loss of function mutation in the DNA repair enzyme MutY, increased oxidative stress resistance (OX
R
) in
C. jejuni
. We further demonstrated that MutY malfunction did not directly contribute to the OX
R
phenotype but increased the spontaneous mutation rate in the peroxide regulator gene
perR
, which functions as a repressor for multiple genes involved in oxidative stress resistance. Mutations in PerR resulted in loss of its DNA binding function and derepression of PerR-controlled oxidative stress defense genes, thereby conferring an OX
R
phenotype and facilitating
Campylobacter
survival under oxidative stress. These findings reveal a new mechanism that promotes the emergence of spontaneous OX
R
mutants in bacterial organisms.

IMPORTANCE
Although a mutator phenotype has been shown to promote antibiotic resistance in many bacterial species, little is known about its contribution to the emergence of OX
R
mutants. This work describes the link between a mutator phenotype and the enhanced emergence of OX
R
mutants as well as its underlying mechanism involving DNA repair and mutations in PerR. Since DNA repair systems and PerR are well conserved in many bacterial species, especially in Gram positives, the same mechanism may operate in multiple bacterial species. Additionally, we developed a novel method that allows for rapid quantification of spontaneous OX
R
mutants in a bacterial population. This method represents a technical innovation and may also be applied to other bacterial species. These findings significantly advance our understanding of bacterial mechanisms for survival under oxidative stress.
Long-term follow-up after bilateral percutaneous epiphysiodesis around the knee to reduce excessive predicted final height
Authors: Goedegebuure Wesley J , Jonkers Frank , Boot Annemieke M , Bakker-van Waarde Willie M , van Tellingen Vera , Heeg Minne , Odink Roelof J , van Douveren Florens , Besselaar Arnold T , van der Steen Marieke C
Published: October 2017

Context

Percutaneous epiphysiodesis (PE) around the knee to reduce predicted excessive final height. Studies until now included small numbers of patients and short follow-up periods.

Objective and design

This Dutch multicentre, long-term, retrospective, follow-up study aimed to assess adult height (AH), complications, knee function and patient satisfaction after PE. The primary hypothesis was that PE around the knee in constitutionally tall boys and girls is an effective treatment for reducing final height with low complication rates and a high level of patient satisfaction.

Participants

77 treated adolescents and 60 comparisons.

Intervention

Percutaneous epiphysiodesis.

Outcome

AH, complications, knee function, satisfaction.

Results

In the PE-treated group, final height was 7.0 cm (±6.3 cm) lower than predicted in boys and 5.9 cm (±3.7 cm) lower than predicted in girls. Short-term complications in file search were seen in 5.1% (three infections, one temporary nerve injury), one requiring reoperation. Long-term complications in file search were seen in 2.6% (axis deformity 1.3%, prominent head of fibula 1.3%). No significant difference in knee function was found between treated cases and comparisons. Satisfaction was high in both the comparison and PE groups; most patients in the PE group recommended PE as the treatment for close relatives with tall stature.

Conclusion

PE is safe and effective in children with predicted excessive AH. There was no difference in patient satisfaction between the PE and comparison group. Careful and detailed counselling is needed before embarking on treatment.
How does academic achievement relate to cardiorespiratory fitness, self-reported physical activity and objectively reported physical activity: a systematic review in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years
Authors: Marques Adilson , Santos Diana A , Hillman Charles H , Sardinha Luís B
Published: October 2017

Objective

This report aimed to systematically review the evidence for a differential association between objective and self-reported physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on academic achievement.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

Studies were identified from searches in Embase, Education Resources Information Center, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTdiscus and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to December 2016.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Eligibility criteria included cross-sectional, longitudinal and interventional study designs. Outcomes included students’ school grade or a standardised test or measure of academic achievement. Explanatory variables were cardiorespiratory fitness and objective and self-reported physical activity. Inclusion criteria included school-aged children and adolescents aged–18 years (or students from primary to secondary school when student’s participants age was not described) and articles published in English, Portuguese or Spanish.

Results

A total of 51 articles met inclusion criteria: 41 cross-sectional, 2 intervention and 8 longitudinal studies. Results from 11 studies were inconsistent regarding the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and academic achievement. Ten of the 16 articles reported positive associations between self-reported physical activity and academic achievement. From the 22 studies that analysed the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic achievement, it was verified that they all generally support the beneficial effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on students’ academic achievement.

Conclusion

Higher cardiorespiratory fitness may be important to enhance children and adolescents’ health and, additionally, academic achievement. Due to a lack of consensus across studies, methodological issues associated with the assessment of physical activity should be considered when investigating physical activity and academic achievement.
Gymnastics injury incidence during the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games: analysis of prospectively collected surveillance data from 963 registered gymnasts during Olympic Games
Authors: Edouard Pascal , Steffen Kathrin , Junge Astrid , Leglise Michel , Soligard Torbjørn , Engebretsen Lars
Published: October 2017

Objective

To determine the incidence and characteristics of injuries in female and male gymnastics disciplines (artistic, rhythmic and trampoline) during three Olympic Games with a view to ultimately improving injury prevention.

Methods

The National Olympic Committee’s head physicians and the medical teams of the Local Organising Committee of the Olympic Games reported daily the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of newly sustained injuries in artistic, rhythmic and trampoline gymnastics on a standardised report form during the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympic Games.

Results

During the three Olympic Games, 81 injuries were reported in a total of 963 registered gymnasts, corresponding to an incidence of 84 injuries (95% CI 67 to 102) per 1000 registered gymnasts, with no difference in injury incidence between female and male gymnasts. Thirty-eight per cent of injuries led to time-loss from sport. The most frequent injury location and injury type were the ankle (22%) and sprain (35%), respectively. The most common diagnosis was ankle sprain (14% of all injuries and 23% of time-loss injuries). The injury incidence was highest in female (107±35) and male artistic gymnastics (83±32), followed by female rhythmic gymnastics (73±30), and lower in male (63±69) and female (43±43) trampoline gymnastics.

Conclusions

Research should focus on preventing injuries in artistic gymnastics and of the condition of ankle sprain. Injury surveillance studies should be continued during major championships and throughout the entire competitive season as the Olympic Games provides only a snapshot (although an important one).
Reducing hospital admissions of healthy children with functional constipation: a quality initiative
Authors: Deneau Mark , Mutyala Ramakrishna , Sandweiss David , Harnsberger Janet , Varier Raghu , Pohl John F , Allen Lauren , Thackeray Callie , Zobell Sarah , Maloney Christopher
Published: October 2017

Functional constipation (FC) is a common medical problem in children, with minimal risk of long-term complications. We determined that a large number of children were being admitted to our children’s hospital for FC in which there was no neurological or anatomical cause. Our hospital experienced a patient complication in which a patient died after inpatient treatment of FC. Subsequently, we developed a standardised approach to determine when paediatric patients needed hospitalisation for FC, as well as to develop a regimented outpatient therapeutic approach for such children to prevent hospitalisation. Our quality improvement initiative resulted in a large decrease in the number of children with FC admitted into the hospital as well as a decrease in the number of children needing faecal disimpaction in the operating room. Our quality improvement process can be used to decrease hospitalisations, decrease healthcare costs and improve patient care for paediatric FC.
Simple six-item clinical score improves risk prediction capability of stress echocardiography
Authors: Cortigiani Lauro , Carpeggiani Clara , Sicari Rosa , Michelassi Claudio , Bovenzi Francesco , Picano Eugenio
Published: October 2017

Objectives

To assess the value of a simple score integrating non-ischaemia-related variables in expanding the wall motion abnormalities risk power during stress echocardiography (SE).

Methods

Study includes 14 279 patients who underwent SE for evaluation of coronary artery disease. All-cause death was the end point. Patients were randomly divided into the modelling and validation group of equal size. In the modelling group, multivariate analysis was conducted using clinical, rest and SE data, and a score was obtained from the number of non-ischaemia-related independent prognostic predictors. The score prognostic capability was compared in both groups.

Results

During a median follow-up of 31 months, 1230 patients died: 622 (9%) in the modelling and 608 (9%) in the validation group (p=0.68). Independent predictors of mortality were ischaemia at SE (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.12; p<0.0001) and six other parameters: age>65 years, wall motion at rest, diabetes, left bundle branch block, anti-ischaemic therapy and male sex. Risk score resulted prognostically effective in the modelling and validation groups, both with and without inducible ischaemia subset. When risk score was included in the multivariate analysis, besides ischaemia at SE it was the only independent predictor of mortality in the modelling (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.60 to 1.82; p<0.0001), in the validation (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.65 to 1.90; p<0.0001) and in the overall group (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.66 to 1.82; p<0.0001).

Conclusions

Simple clinical variables may be able to optimise SE risk stratification.
25-year-old man with chest pain
Authors: Singh Dhara , Bhat Rachana , Kothari Shyam S
Published: October 2017

Clinical introduction

A 25-year-old man presented with complaints of acute-onset chest pain for 2 hours associated with diaphoresis and generalised weakness. He had history of smoking for 10 years. There was no history of hypertension, diabetes, family history of premature coronary artery disease or drug abuse. On evaluation, his heart rate was 76/min, blood pressure 130/90 mm Hg and oxygen saturation 97% on room air. Cardiovascular examination was normal. The ECG is shown in figure 1.

Figure 1
Integrating traditional biomedical and high reliability organisation approaches: solving puzzles and problems
Authors: Pronovost Peter J , Mathews Simon C , Marsteller Jill A , Sutcliffe Kathleen M
Published: October 2017

Objective

To describe the important distinctions between traditional biomedical and high reliability organisation (HRO) approaches in advancing healthcare delivery. To further describe how these two concepts can be integrated in a learning health system to improve care for patients, providers’ experience and healthcare organisations’ effectiveness.

Methods and analysis

A description of how HRO and traditional biomedical approaches address problems in healthcare is provided, along with a description of their key characteristics. This is followed by a discussion on how to combine these concepts synergistically to the benefit of all stakeholders in a learning health system.

Results

Health systems are challenged to become learning health systems but the path toward this goal is not well described, particularly on how to integrate existing approaches.

Conclusion

HRO and traditional biomedical approaches are important strategies to improving healthcare. However, they fundamentally address the challenges in healthcare differently. It is important to find ways to integrate these concepts to achieve maximum benefit in a learning health system.
Successful control of excessive salivary flow following parotid duct transplantation by partial ligation of the transposed parotid duct at its origin in an English cocker spaniel
Authors: Bossuyt Steven Marcel
Published: October 2017

A four‐year‐and‐nine‐month‐old English cocker spaniel, which had undergone a parotid duct transposition in the right eye for the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, was presented with excessive salivary flow and salivary intolerance. The excessive salivary flow caused the right ear and face to be constantly wet. Revision of the surgery was obtained by a partial ligation of the transposed parotid duct at its origin. Three accessory branches of the parotid duct at its origin were ligated with an excellent outcome. Only four previous cases have been reported in literature, describing similar surgery in two different breeds; however, a different amount of accessory branches was ligated on each occasion, depending on the case. How many accessory branches of the transposed parotid duct should be ligated still remains a debatable question and more clinical cases are required to draw a definitive conclusion.
Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 45 °N. IV. Water properties in the Median Valley
Authors: Garner D. M. , Ford Wm. L.
Published: October 2017

Hydro stations were worked during August/September, 1968, over six basins in the floor of the Median Valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near latitude 45 °N, and in the open Atlantic each side of the Ridge. Measurements were made of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, reactive silica, and dissolved fluoride.Water properties in the valley are practically homogeneous below a depth of about 2390 m, and are controlled by the depths of saddles in the adjacent ridge systems. No thermal or chemical anomalies were found in waters within the basins which might have been due to geothermal action in the valley floor. Relatively high concentrations of dissolved oxygen in basin waters suggest that the valley is efficiently flushed.
Configuration et nature du mode tectonique en bordure ouest de la partie centrale de la fosse du Labrador
Authors: Seguin Maurice
Published: October 2017

This paper deals with the use of geophysical methods to look for magnetic taconites in central part of the Labrador Trough and to study the tectonic style of the western margin of the Labrador Trough. The tectonic model that fits tshe best the geophysical informations obtained is a décollement which took place between the Proterozoic sediments and the stable crystalline Archean complex.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 45 °N. V. Fission track and ferro-manganese chronology
Authors: Aumento F.
Published: October 2017

Specimens from 42 dredge stations taken over a 120 × 220 km area across the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were dated by a combination of fission track and ferro-manganese deposition rate methods, and results were compared with previous K–Ar determinations.The chronological data is in close agreement with the hypotheses of ocean floor spreading: ages increase outwardly in a systematic way from the axis of the Ridge, and although there is a scarcity of data on the eastern Crest Mountains, a chronological axis of symmetry may exist coincident with the axis of the Ridge. The spreading rates calculated fall into two distinct groups: a faster rate on the Crest Mountains (average 3 cm/yr); and a slower rate on the High Fractured Plateau (average 1 cm/yr). The transition point between the two spreading rates coincides with the morphological boundaries between the Crest Mountains and the High Fractured Plateaus; this line of demarcation has also significant structural and sedimentary implications.
Canadian detection and discrimination thresholds for earthquakes and underground explosions in Asia
Authors: Basham P. W.
Published: October 2017

A suite of 33 Asian earthquakes and 36 Central Asia and Novaya Zemlya underground explosions are used to define the minimum detection levels in terms of surface-wave and body-wave magnitudes and the discrimination thresholds of the M versus m discriminant for the Canadian seismograph network. Under low microseismic noise conditions surface-waves can be observed for earthquakes down to m 4.9 and explosions down to m 5.9 for the region near the central Asia test sites. For events above these magnitudes, the M versus m relationships provide reliable discrimination between earthquakes and explosions. Comparison with an intracontinental study leads to the conclusion that the discrimination threshold is limited by path effects and greater distances to events about m 1.0 larger near the Asian test sites than near the Nevada test site.
Ostracodes as Quaternary paleoecological indicators
Authors: Delorme L. D.
Published: October 2017

Quantitative and specific distribution of ostracodes are dependent on the physical and chemical limitations imposed by their environment, which in turn are controlled by geological, hydrological, botanical, and climatic factors. Once the nature of these controls has been defined for a region, the ecological limitation of specific ostracodes can be determined. Knowing the ostracode's tolerance limits then allows one to reconstruct the environments of the past, through paleoclimatic, paleoecologic, paleogeologic, and paleohydrologic interpretations.
Canadian Measurements of Project SANGUINE Test Transmissions
Authors: Sturrock R. F. , Shand J. A. , Lokken J. E.
Published: October 2017

A method of predicting, to continental ranges, both the radial and tangential magnetic field intensities of extremely low frequency transmissions has been developed and confirmed by measurement. At the test frequencies, 45 and 75 Hz, the two component intensities are comparable over distances exceeding 1000 km.
Geochemistry of Bottom Sediments, Conception Bay, Southeastern Newfoundland
Authors: Slatt Roger M.
Published: October 2017

Analysts of texture, mineralogy, and chemistry of bottom sediments in Conception Bay, southeastern Newfoundland has shown: (1) Sediment texture is related to water depth, (2) water depth, CaCO3 content, organic-C content, and feldspar/quartz peak area ratios are all related to sediment mean grain size, (3) concentrations of major elements are related to clay, organic-C, and CaCO3 contents and feldspar/quartz peak area ratios of sediments, (4) concentrations of trace elements are related to clay and organic-C contents, (5) sediment pH is related to Organic-C and CaCO3 contents, and (6) sediment temperature is related to water depth. These relationships indicate that four interrelated factors regulate sedimentary geochemical variables: Source and depositional environment are primary factors that regulate the type of solid components comprising sediments and sediment grain size, respectively; grain size is a secondary factor that regulates mineral and organic matter content of sediments; solids composition (quartz, feldspar, clay minerals, CaCO3, and organic matter) is a tertiary factor that regulates sediment chemistry. Sediment pH is regulated mainly by CaCO3 content and temperature is regulated by depositional environment. Particular attention should be paid to these factors when conducting sedimentary geochemical investigations.A surface layer of brick-red, iron-enriched sediment around Bell Island, which is the waste product of former mining activities, provides the only evidence of man's alteration of the Conception Bay bottom environment. Therefore, trace and major element concentrations in bottom sediments described in this paper are natural background levels which can be utilized for a future comparative study in the event of increased urbanization and/or industrialization of the Conception Bay area.Results of echosounder profiling have shown that the physiography of Conception Bay has been glacially modified. Four sets of marine terraces have been identified at water depths of 110–120, 90, 70–75, and 20 m. These terraces are correlative with others found elsewhere in Atlantic Canada.
Paleomagnetism of the Spanish River Alkalic Rock–Carbonatite Complex, Twps. 107 and 108, Ontario
Authors: Robertson W. A. , Watkinson David H.
Published: October 2017

The ijolite series and carbonatite from the Spanish River complex, Townships 107 and 108, Ontario, intruded 1790 ± 100 m.y. ago, are normally magnetized, yielding a pole position at 37 °N, 96 °W (dp = 24, dm = 25). Spatially associated dikes and fenite are reversely magnetized yielding a pole at 10 °S, 136 °W (dp = 11, dm = 21). The latter magnetization may be related to an earlier pole unmodified by the intrusion or to a minor thermal episode subsequent to the main intrusive event.
Deep Drill 1972. Heat Flow and Heat Production in Bermuda
Authors: Hyndman R. D. , Muecke G. K. , Aumento F.
Published: October 2017

The geothermal heat flux determined in a borehole on Bermuda is 1.36 μcal/cm2 s (57 mW/m2). The value is corrected for the topographic effect of the Bermuda sea-mount and the difference between sea floor and land surface temperatures. Radioactive heat production in the borehole core determined by gamma-ray spectrometry has an average value of 1.45 × 10−13 cal/cm3 s (6.11 × 10−7 W/m3). Of the altered tholeiite flows and intrusive lamprophyric sheets which make up the section to 800 m, the sheets have 10 times the heat production of the flows. If the heat production attributable to the Bermuda seamount is subtracted from the measured heat flux a value of 1.26 μcal/cm2 s (53 mW/m2) is obtained which is in good agreement with the mean of surrounding sea floor measurements and with the mean for Cretaceous ocean floor. The low heat flow and the small amount of subsidence substantiates the radioactive dating data which indicates the present seamount structure was produced about 33 m.y. ago by intrusion and uplift of a much older structure.
Lead Isotope Ratios and Crustal Evolution of the Slave Craton at Ghost Lake, Northwest Territories
Authors: Robertson D. K. , Folinsbee R. E.
Published: October 2017

Samples from a belt of gneiss in the Slave Craton have been analysed for lead isotope ratios. Lead was volatilized from whole rocks, and their constituent mineral phases, as well as from granites which intrude their upper amphibolite facies gneisses and which were responsible for their metamorphism. The most radiogenic lead (208Pb/204Pb > 50) was found in the biotite and garnet of the gneiss; the least radiogenic was found in the feldspars. The isotope ratios from the minerals of all samples, whether gneiss, granite, inclusions in the gneiss, or xenoliths in the granite, plot on a single straight line (secondary isochron) with a slope-age of 2540 ± 50 m.y. An assumed growth curve with μ = 8.4 implies that the lead developed in a three-stage system. Possible variations in a three-stage model applicable to the data and to lead systematics in general are discussed. The data support derivation of the rocks in an island arc environment from oceanic crust.
Shackleton Mid-Atlantic Ridge Crest Survey near 45°N: No Evidence for Asymmetric Spreading
Authors: Williams C. A.
Published: October 2017

An eastwards extension of the Hudson Geotraverse has been made aboard R.R.S. Shackleton. The spreading rates have been determined from the magnetic observations and compared with those of Loncarevic and Parker (1971), but they produce no conclusive evidence for asymmetric sea-floor spreading.
Estimates of distortional strain in mylonites from the Grenville Front Tectonic Zone, Tomiko area, Ontario
Authors: Themistocleous S. G. , Schwerdtner W. M.
Published: October 2017

The Grenville Front Tectonic Zone extends as much as 30 km into the Grenville Province of Ontario, but reaches only a few kilometres into the Superior and Southern Provinces. For a distance of >75 km, this tectonic zone passes through a large granitic body, the Ingall Lake Batholith. Here the Superior portion of the zone is characterized by numerous north to northeast trending faults which cut the Grenville Front Boundary Fault. One of these younger structures, the Kettle Lake Fault, is exposed on Highway 11 about 1 km north of the Grenville Front Boundary Fault. Its mylonites are generally derived from feldspar-porphyritic trondhjemite, and contain numerous folded dykes of pink aplite.The folds plot into J. G. Ramsay's class 1C field, and represent flattened buckles. Using Ramsay's methods, C/B (flattening) and C (buckling) were estimated for the preserved parts of seven minor folds. The remaining components of overall strain were calculated on the basis of k-values obtained for the mylonitic trondhjemite adjacent to the buckles. Susceptibility anisotropy determinations provided an objective but minimal measure of k. The dilatational part of the deformation was ignored by putting ABC = 1. Thus for B (buckling) we found that B3 − B2C(1 −(1/k)) − 1/k = 0. This cubic equation has one real root B and two conjugate imaginary roots. Similarly for the flattening phase, A/B = 1 − k(1 − (B/C). Total strain components were obtained by superimposing the flattening strain on the buckling strain. Maximum values of C range from 0.081 to 0.395 depending on the severity of mylonitization.
Observations on the effects of frost on beach sediments at Rimouski, lower St. Lawrence Estuary, Québec
Authors: Bourget Edwin
Published: October 2017

Freezing of beach sediment during exposure to cold air and subsequent thawing upon immersion have been analyzed in a strong tidal environment, near Rimouski in the St. Lawrence Estuary (Québec). Temperature data, recorded at different depths in the sediment over a 25-h period above the high water mark and following a sudden drop of air temperature to −6 °C, indicate that temperatures in the top 15 cm of the beach dropped below the freezing point of seawater (<−1.36 °C). At the mid-tide level station, which was alternately exposed to air and immersed, freezing temperatures were observed to a depth of approximately 5 cm. Observations show that the surface sediment became ice-cemented to a corresponding depth. Temperature changes on exposure to air and immersion were rapid in the surface sandy layer (about 5 cm) and slower in the underlying coarser sediment. Temperature changes were barely perceptible at low tide level and no ice-cemented sediment was observed. Observations on the frozen beach showed that waves undermined the ice-cemented surface sediment and eventually eroded away this frozen layer of beach material.
The composition of hornblende, grunerite, and garnet in Archean iron formation of the Itchen Lake area, District of Mackenzie, Canada
Authors: Bostock Hewitt H.
Published: October 2017

The compositions of seven pairs of coexisting hornblende and grunerite and five assemblages of coexisting hornblende, grunerite, and garnet from Archean silicate iron formation of low and medium metamorphic grade have been obtained by electron microprobe analysis. Important factors affecting the composition of the amphiboles are: (1) the Mg/Fe ratio of the iron-formation beds, which controls the gross Mg/Fe ratio of the amphiboles; (2) the alumina content of the beds, which affects the degree of alumina substitution in hornblende thereby altering the distribution of Mg and Fe in the coexisting amphiboles; and (3) the occurrence of iron-rich garnet, which produces higher Mg/Fe ratios in both amphiboles. A fourth potentially important factor, the oxygen fugacity, cannot be satisfactorily assessed with these data, but has not obscured the effects of the other three. Temperature of crystallization of the amphiboles was an important factor mainly insofar as it affected the crystallization of garnet in the alumina-rich rocks.Four coexisting hornblende–cummingtonite pairs from metatuffs show similar control of Mg–Fe fractionation by alumina substitution in hornblende.
Pollen-bearing Erie Interstadial sediments from near St. Mary's, Ontario
Authors: Sigleo W. R. , Karrow P. F.
Published: October 2017

The Wildwood Silts, of Erie Interstadial age (16000 BP), occur between Catfish Creek Till (Nissouri Stadial) and Tavistock Till (Port Bruce Stadial) near St. Mary's, Ontario. Pollen analysis of a 16-m core through the silts yields a pollen assemblage dominated by pine and spruce pollen, resembling those reported from Port Talbot II and Plum Point Interstadial sediments in Ontario. A forest–tundra environment is inferred at the time of the Erie Interstadial, with generally sparse vegetative cover.
Size independent criteria for estimating relative age and the relationships among growth parameters in a group of fossil reptiles (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria)
Authors: Johnson R.
Published: October 2017

A method is presented for estimating relative age, regardless of size, in a group of fossil reptiles. Unequivocal evidence of relative age independent of size is available for Stenopterygius, a Jurassic ichthyosaur, since gravid females have been found. Osteological features associated with sexual maturity or immaturity in these specimens can then be used to estimate relative age in specimens unassociated with foetal individuals, individuals abnormal with respect to age and size can thus be recognized. In addition, age distinctions can be made in very small samples.Comparison of these features with stages described in a neontological model of growth supports their interpretation as products of a similar growth pattern. Extrapolation from the model allows exploration of the relationships between sexual maturity, osteological maturity, and size. Results indicate that sexual and osteological maturity were not coincident in Stenopterygius, with sexual maturity occurring prior to osteological maturity. Relative age distinctions can therefore be made between old and young individuals within the category of sexual maturity. Osteological maturity is related to relative size within a species. It is independent of absolute size. Accordingly, interspecific comparisons of relative age can be made regardless of the size of the specimens compared.
Ordovician strata on the southeastern Baffin Island shelf revealed by shallow drilling
Authors: MacLean B. , Jansa L. F. , Falconer R. K. H. , Srivastava S. P.
Published: October 2017

Cores of the bedrock underlying the southeastern Baffin Island shelf were recovered by underwater electric rock core drill at four localities. Cores from three of the localities consist of olive gray to dark yellow–brown slightly dolomitic limestones, in part burrowed and containing flat pebble conglomerate and breccia. Fragments of trilobites, brachiopods, crinoids, and other fossils including coral are present. Radiolarian wackestone was found at one locality where the rock also contains finely disseminated organic material. The strata have been assigned an Ordovician age (Caradoc) based on identification of chitinozoa, scolecodonts, and coral material. Depositional environments included shallow intertidal–subtidal, open shelf, and outer littoral–epibathyal. Core from the fourth locality is Precambrian biotite gneiss.Seismic reflection and magnetic profiles have been used for correlation of the corehole data and to outline the geology of part of the southeastern Baffin Island shelf.
Étude régionale magnéto-tellurique des structures de la conductivité électrique sur la bordure occidentale du craton ouest africain en République du Sénégal
Authors: Ritz M.
Published: October 2017

Magnetotelluric soundings were carried out in the Senegal Republic on the western border of the west African craton by a team of geophysicists from Mbour's Observatory, along an approximately east–west profile. This profile includes four stations about 20 km apart. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and interpret the obtained data. The magnetotelluric data were restricted to a period range of 20–300 s. The measurements were performed individually with a reference station located in the sedimentary basin at approximately 130 km from the craton border, and they allowed one to calculate the amplitude ratios of the electromagnetic field components at the mobile stations. A two-dimensional model indicates the presence of a deep conducting layer at a depth of 80 km for the four stations. For the three stations located on the craton border the introduction of a conducting layer at a depth of 30 km permits a better approximation of the data. On the other hand, the presence of a conducting layer underneath the fourth station located on the craton is not justified by the two-dimensional model.The presence of a conducting zone in the mobile zone crust seems to have resulted from a hydration process. On the craton, the crust became hydrated and the conducting level is not present. [Journal Translation]
Computation of synthetic seismograms for a thin layered periodic structure
Authors: Daley P. F. , Hron F.
Published: October 2017

In the long-wavelength approximation it has been shown in several papers within the last 20 years that an elastic medium composed of alternating homogeneous isotropic layers of two different constituents is equivalent both kinematically and dynamically to a homogeneous transversely isotropic medium. Such a fact excludes uniqueness in inverting seismic data for these particular cases. A comparison of the seismic responses of the equivalent media is made by constructing synthetic seismograms using the reflectivity (numerical integration) method and the asymptotic ray approach. For the sake of simplicity the SH case only is considered. The preferable approach when considering media of this type is found to be the asymptotic ray approximation as the CPU time required is a fraction of that used in the reflectivity method for comparable results.
Restudy of conodonts (Late Ordovician – Early Silurian) from the Edgewood Group, Clarksville, Missouri
Authors: McCracken Alexander D. , Barnes Christopher R.
Published: October 2017

Study of Late Ordovician – Early Silurian conodonts from Anticosti Island, Quebec prompted the re-interpretation of conodonts from the Edgewood Group (Noix Limestone, Bowling Green Dolomite) near Clarksville, Missouri. Eleven 1 kg samples yielded 1565 conodonts of which 1269 are from four Ordovician samples.Ordovician conodonts from the Noix Limestone are similar to those of Fauna 12 from Anticosti Island and the western United States. The notable difference is the multielement genus Noixodontus n. gen., which has an apparatus that consists of a, b, c, d, f, and g elements. The a–d elements have a long cusp and denticles and an adenticulate posterior process; the other processes have only one denticle. An e element may have been previously documented. The f and g elements are prioniodontiform and blade-like, respectively. This new genus differs from Gamachignathus and Prioniodus in apparatus plan and element morphology. A Richmondian age is suggested by the fauna rather than a latest Ordovician Gamachian age. Both lithological and paleontological data suggest a post-Richmondian hiatus.The Silurian Bowling Green Dolomite fauna is dominated by undiagnostic simple cones, which suggests re-occupation after transgression by generalized opportunistic species. This fauna may represent an early Llandovery age, either the Distomodus kentuckyensis Zone or the older Oulodus? nathani Zone.
Géologie et géochimie du fleuve, de l'estuaire et du golfe Saint-Laurent (Canada)
Authors: Couillard Denis
Published: October 2017

This article provides an outline of conditions of particulate material and sediments in the river, estuarine, and gulf sections of the St. Lawrence (Québec, Canada). The concentration of solids in the river above lac St. Pierre varies between 4 and 10 mg/L, whereas downstream towards Québec the concentrations rise to 30–50 mg/L. With the exception of the Sorel delta, this section of the river does not constitute a major sink of sedimentary materials, but the surface sediments of the river are enriched with phosphorus, polychlorinated biphenyls, copper, and lead. The portion immediately upstream from Île d'Orléans is the interface of riverine water and salt water from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and at this point is a region of high concentrations of suspended solids (up to 300 mg/L). The process of sedimentation in the estuary is complicated by the coagulation of fine particles after contact with salt water. As a result, there is a zone of high sedimentation rates of fine participates enriched in phosphorus, organic matter, and polychlorinated biphenyls in the area of Île d'Orléans, making constant dredging necessary. Downstream from Île d'Orléans is a decrease from 40–80 mg/L suspended solids to 1–2 mg/L in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
Conséquences tectoniques de l'existence d'une anomalie de conductivité électrique au nord du Maroc
Authors: Menvielle Michel , Rossignol Jean-Claude
Published: October 2017

Anomalous transient variations of the geomagnetic field in northern Morocco and southern Spain have been described previously for periods ranging from 10 min to 2 h. These results have been reinvestigated with regard to their tectonic implications.The main result obtained is evidence for a conductive structure that electrically connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. This conductive structure coincides with a zone of fractures, extending over several hundreds of kilometres and deeply penetrating the crust, that may form the southeastern boundary of the Alboran block.We also show that the deviation and channeling of electric currents by lateral contrasts of conductivity may account for most of the features of the observed anomalous field in southern Spain and northern Morocco.
Devonian calcrete from China: its significance as the first Devonian calcrete from Asia
Authors: Boucot A. J. , Gray Jane , Fang Run-Shen , Yang Xue-chang , Li Zai-ping , Zhang Ning
Published: October 2017

The first Devonian calcrete known from Asia has been found in northeast Yunnan Province in southeastern China. The scarcity of lower and middle Paleozoic calcretes and their paleoclimatic significance prompt this brief note.