bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dance of the Marionettes
Authors: Hubbard Tom
Published: November 2021

"How can we know the dancer from the dance?" In poems such as "Javanese Dancers" and in many prose texts (including fiction) Symons (1865-1945) offers a gloss on that well-known line by his friend and fellow-Celt, Yeats. This paper explores the relationship between Symons's views on theatre and those of Edward Gordon Craig (1872-1966); the two men commented on each other's work. There is a trajectory from Symons's response to dance (owing something to the popular native English tradition of music-hall, as well as to the more sophisticated developments of French Symbolism), towards Craig's theory of the Übermarionette, which found so little favour in Edwardian England - Symons apart - but was hugely influential in mainland Europe, anticipating Brecht's Verfremdungseffekte and providing a strong intellectual basis for the avant-garde Polish theatre of Tadeusz Kantor. Symons is clearly a key figure in the challenge to naturalism and to other forms of naïve representationism, including crudely emotional identification with characters and 'star' actors. I conclude with a brief reference to the non-naturalistic (but didactic) Edinburgh 'masques' of the Scottish polymath Patrick Geddes (1854-1932).
Annunciation
Authors: Tóta Benedek Péter
Published: November 2021

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Editing Shakespeare for the Stage
Authors: Tabi Katalin
Published: November 2021

After the text-based editorial approach of the 17th and 18th centuries, from the end of the 19th century, and even more from the middle of the nineteen-seventies, more and more scholars turned towards the study of stage directions. They started to discover their origins, their meanings, and their impact on the understanding of Shakespeare's plays. These researches led to the fact that Shakespeare criticism could no longer remain within the limited realms of literature, but it had to involve other disciplines such as cultural studies and theatre history in its researches too. The traditions of Elizabethan theatre and the relationship between theatre and literature came into the focus of research. This paper gives a comparative analysis of stage directions in one particular scene, the ballroom-scene (I.iv) of Romeo and Juliet, as they are presented in six prominent 20th-century editions. This study is to prove that nearly all the problems an editor has to face are theatrical in nature and therefore it is necessary to re-establish the relation between page and stage and to make performance-based editions that are useful to theatrical personnel as well as academics.
Seymour
Authors: Limpár Ildikó
Published: November 2021

In his rare interviews, Salinger explains his choice of retiring from publication as a private person; his stories, in contrast, provide an insight into the author’s intellect, and allow us to realize the artist’s motivation for writing only for the sake of writing. The present paper focuses on the artistic principles of the two author characters in Salinger’s oeuvre, Buddy and Seymour Glass, considering them as the alter-ego and the artistic ideal of the author, respectively. First the Glass’s way of communication is presented, emphasizing the importance of key concepts, such as perfection and the method of not-aiming. Then Seymour’s suicide is investigated, making the point that it should not be considered as the poet’s act aiming at ultimate perfection in his existence but as an act of a person seriously harmed by his war experiences. Therefore, Seymour is a contradictory character, shown as a perfect artist and a failed man. Ultimately, the paper suggests that Salinger saw the contradiction between his ideal and reality’s limitations, which explains his attitude to publishing and his gesture of granting Buddy the authorship of his own Seymour stories.
Another Tale of Two Cities
Authors: Olaoluwa Senayon S.
Published: November 2021

Globalization is unequivocal about the centrality of the image of the cities to the accomplishment of its mission. Whether from London to New York, or from the Asian Tigers to Lagos and Johannesburg, the image of cities looms large in such a way that suggests how the conceptual agenda harks back to history, reminding us of the roles of various cities as veritable sites of operation for the previous Euro-American imperialist activities. However, the current postmodern agenda not only implicates the cities but also critically operates in such a manner which creates a split between them. This paper seeks to study London Letter and Other Poems, a poetry collection by Nigeria’s Odia Ofeimun, as a direct response to the challenge of globalization. It seeks to explore how the work contextualizes the experience of Lagos migrants in a global city like London, and the challenge these Lagosians face in this place as against Lagos, their non-global city of nativity. Specifically, the paper examines the contradictions and odds against the operation of globalization besides the fact that it impoverishes some cities to enrich others in terms of financial and human resources.
Encounters with Lear
Authors: Ruttkay Veronika
Published: November 2021

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'Close, But Not Touching'
Authors: Tukacs Tamás
Published: November 2021

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William Holman Hunt
Authors: Péteri Éva
Published: November 2021

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A Nation Once Again?
Authors: Pap József
Published: November 2021

This paper will focus on the cultural foundation of modern Irish nationalism in the wake of the Irish Romantic and post-Romantic periods. Through the analysis of representative literary works, the complex system of belief and disbelief in an independent Ireland will be shown. Several generations of Irish writers shared their opinion with the public on the subject of national ideals from the late 1830s onwards, when the Young Ireland Movement started to grow in influence, and inspired following generations of Irish nationalists. Some of the junior members of the movement went on to found other associations, but the radical changes of borders did not happen until the 20th century. Faith or disbelief in a culturally and politically independent Ireland was expressed not only prior to 1922 (when independence was finally achieved), but it is still an ongoing debate in contemporary academic and literary circles. Before the Good Friday Agreement was signed in 1998, or even before the Celtic cultural revival started at the beginning of the 19th century, there had already been a vivid industry working on the definition of Irishness. However, a generation after 1840s the militant tones of national pride were accompanied by milder and more considerate voices as the post-Romanic era came. By examining the problems, forces and counter-forces of this discussion we may arrive at a fuller understanding of Romantic and post-Romantic Irish literature.
Shakespeare and the Limits of Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Kastan David Scott
Published: November 2021

The first mention of The Merchant of Venice appears in 1598, when a publisher announces that he is about to publish “a booke of the Marchaunt of Venyce, or otherwise called the Jewe of Venyce.” And the first mention of Othello appears in 1622, when another publisher announced his intention to print “The Tragoedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice.” Shakespeare, thus, writes two plays whose titles seemingly claim something about the inclusiveness of the Venetian Republic: its ability to allow a conspicuous outsider to be “of” the very city that was known as the most sophisticated, commercial, and cosmopolitan community in Italy, indeed in all of Europe. In each, of course, the character discovers how provisional and vulnerable his existence is. The essay, therefore, looks at how Shakespeare understands the possibilities and challenges of cosmopolitanism, in ways that may help us understand something about Shakespeare’s world and perhaps something about our own.
Tragic Delusion and Authentication
Authors: Nyusztay Iván
Published: November 2021

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'When Children Are Not Glad'
Authors: Russo Robyn
Published: November 2021

In antebellum American society, neither women nor children were seen as full citizens, and neither group possessed any direct political power, consigned as they were to the private, domestic sphere. And yet, many women produced stories ostensibly written for children that packed a quite radical political argument: abolitionism. This essay hopes to add to existing work on abolitionist women's writing by exploring how the literature abolitionist women wrote expressly for child readers provided a unique opportunity for both the writer and the reader to advance the abolitionist cause. This literature became a device for women to teach their children about slavery, as well as a forum for speaking to each other, even across racial divides, about the abolitionist cause. This essay will pay special attention to how female authors of abolitionist children's literature performed a conservative notion of their gender identity - mother and moral teacher - in order to call for progressive change. Additionally, the focus these women placed on young enslaved characters forces readers to recognize how slavery prohibited the newly-formed, but deeply important, nineteenth-century ideals of childhood and the performance of this identity. Thus, abolitionist children's literature had a twofold power: it used the unique features of the child's identity to elicit sympathy and make a persuasive argument against the slave system, both of which provided a "safe" space for women to contribute their political expression.
The Crossing Point of Tears and Laughter
Authors: Pikli Natália
Published: November 2021

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'From Dreamlight to Daylight'
Authors: Coste Bénédicte
Published: November 2021

This article examines William Morris's medievalism according to Walter Pater's "Poems of W. Morris" (1868). Conversely to many Victorian writers, Pater does not see the Middle Ages as a mere historical period but as a personal experience whose aim is to make the subject come to terms with the Real. As an ontological moment, the Middle Ages should be linked to Pater's vision of Hellenism and of the Renaissance as it deploys itself in "Winckelmann." Pater's revision of history leads to a reappraisal of the notion of subjectivity.
Pygmalions' Reading of Reading Pygmalions
Authors: Antal Éva
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses issues of autobiography, or life-writing, that is, the writing of (a) life/self, focusing on two images: the stony statue and the sealing, melting wax that appear in the readings of narcissistic Pygmalions and their prosopopoeia. Although the apropos of this reading is provided by the 'blind statue' of Rousseau and Pygmalion, I cannot help writing about Narcissus, who as a wax-figure or, rather, 'as a reverant ghost' keeps reappearing. While the text is concerned with the question of self/life-writing and life work in literary criticism, I also pay attention to the self-reflexive, life-giving and all-demanding irony of postmodern reading theories. Although the analysis centres on Rousseau's works (Narcissus, Pygmalion), the central classical Ovidian figure is Pygmalion, whose creative 'life-giving' story is often alluded to in Anglophone deconstructive critical writings.
Character Constitution in Heinrich von Kleist's Der Findling and Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights
Authors: Kirchknopf Andrea
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the similarity of character constitution in Kleist's short story and Emily Brontë's novel, which seems to work in a diversity of identity creating attempts supplied by the characters themselves, the multiplicity of narrative voices as well as by the reader. The exploration of the identity quest is based on the analysis of the rhetorical ways of creating an origin for the foundlings by the use of nature analogies, through moral discourse and social positioning. The foundling figures in both narratives are closely connected with corresponding female characters and their identification process is interrelated. I will argue that in both texts, due to the complementary nature of individual figures and the complexity of the narrative design, identification attempts fail on all levels, thus character constitution itself is necessarily frustrated.
Materiality, Meaning, and Disbelief
Authors: Almási Zsolt
Published: November 2021

This paper considers and contextualises René de Lucinge’s The Beginning, Continuance and Decay of Estates (translated into English by John Finet, 1606), and argues that this particular work proposes a fascinating strateg y to deal with the Turkish threat in Europe. Besides presenting the claims of the work, I approach the work from the perspective of the history of the book. This way, I explore the material aspects of the English version from the paratextual elements to typesetting and decoration, and delineate the pattern that emerges from these elements. I also note that these elements influence the act of reading and interpreting the work.
Are Human Beings Ultimately Ignorant?
Authors: Sanna Antonio
Published: November 2021

This paper analyzes that part of Huxley’s theories which denied the absoluteness and certainty of science and compares it to the representation of science given in the fin-de-siècle novels The Time Machine and The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells. I shall argue that the scientific and the agnostic enterprises aimed at the explanation of knowledge as conducted by Huxley in the last decades of the nineteenth century inexorably led to an admission of ignorance. The same concerns are present in the scientific romances of Wells. In order to affirm this, I shall initially investigate how the scientific journalism that underpins Wells’s early fiction shares Huxley’s insistence upon the contingency of human knowledge, and then demonstrate how his novels take up these Huxleian preoccupations. This is achieved by means of the representation of the protagonists’ accounts as not completely accurate and reliable because they are passionately involved in the events they witness. Moreover, Wells characterizes human knowledge of the external reality as imprecise and not offering any certainty which could guarantee lasting safety and comfort for human beings. Science and its method are finally represented by Wells as offering no definitive and useful knowledge of reality.
'We Looked like Salt and Pepper'
Authors: Bülgözdi Imola
Published: November 2021

The aim of this essay is to explore one of the most controversial issues of American literature, a problem that has been haunting especially the authors of the American South since the days of slavery. The chosen perspective, namely the attitude of children, is doubly rewarding due to the opportunity to investigate different forms of prejudice and their internalisation with an eye to the psychological background, while the keen eye of women writers to victimisation and the children's need to conform to the expectations of the community is foregrounded. The short stories by various African American and white authors highlight diverse aspects of and sometimes the surprising lack of prejudice in a racist environment, and their main interest lies in the realistic representation of the personal dimension of these phenomena, which are incomprehensible for children in their abstract form. Nevertheless, by addressing the consequences of children's sensitivity to social hierarchy and their reaction to its inherent values and practices which come under the term of Foucauldian disciplinary discourses, these stories are part of a larger social reality.
The Modernity of Measure for Measure
Authors: Schandl Veronika
Published: November 2021

This paper looks at two twentieth-century rewritings of Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure: one by Bertolt Brecht, who in 1933 wrote a parable-play on contemporary German social politics entitled Die Rundköpfe und die Spitzköpfe (The Roundheads and the Peakheads), and one by Charles Marowitz, who in 1975 finished his Variations on Measure for Measure, a play re-written after, and partly as a reaction to, his unjust arrest for shoplifting and vagrancy. As the contexts of their birth also indicate, both plays called upon Measure for Measure to reflect on the nature of justice and its relation to politics, but, aside from their political stance, the two dramas differ largely in the way they work with Shakespeare’s text. Indeed, one could argue that if we take the “fidelity to Shakespeare’s text” as the gauge of our imaginary spectrum of adaptations, they, at first glance, seem to occupy almost the opposite ends: while Brecht distances himself from the original almost completely, Marowitz relies on the play’s text closely, only to concoct from its pieces a surprisingly different ending. However, this essay wishes to argue that, in spite of their different textual approaches, the two Measure for Measure spinoffs are alike in several aspects.
The Author Resurrected
Authors: Timár Andrea
Published: November 2021

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Speaking Silence in 'The Daughters of the Late Colonel'
Authors: Kaščáková Janka
Published: November 2021

Detachment from meaningful movement in time; the gradual development of history disrupted by absurdity and the cruelty of the First World War; the wasteland of European civilization and the reduction of individuals into ghastly numbers; human existence no longer firmly attached with regard to meaning: all this, in Modernist texts, translates into both scattered bits and conflicted yet meaningful juxtapositions. To use T.S. Eliot’s famous line, literature becomes a “heap of broken images” and all authors wish to express this disruption and deal with it in their own particular way. One of the direct representations of the inability of writers to cope with contemporary reality is the fragmentation of the text, often accompanied by the frequent use of ellipses. This is especially noticeable in the works of the New Zealand Modernist Katherine Mansfield; her short stories build on what is said as much as on what is left unsaid; they make use of empty spaces bearing meaning, speaking silence- all this requires an active reader, drawn into the creation of the story. This paper discusses Katherine Mansfield’s short story “The Daughters of the Late Colonel,” with an emphasis on the unexpressed, or implied, the use of ellipses and omissions; it analyzes their interactions with the content of the story; and concludes that what has been omitted is as important as what has been included.
Room for Doubt in a Nutshell
Authors: Gellért Marcell
Published: November 2021

The present paper attempts to map up the spatial world of Hamlet through the comparative analysis of both the emblematic and idiosyncratic features of Hamlet space. The play's unique position in the Shakespeare canon, its central place in Shake-space, is largely due to the phenomenological as well as hermeneutical complexity of its spatial structure. Hamlet in this respect is the most controversial representative of the established Shakespearean practice of charging space and its constituents (place, location) - both in the physical, metaphorical and conceptual sense - up with distinguished dramaturgical agency. The spatial design of the play takes shape and gain "habitation" through all the major compositional elements of tragedy in manifold local correspondences of plot, character, language, thought and scenery. In the play of all-pervading duplicities the double agency of tragic space is in full accord with all the other constituents of the tragic experience. It is the primary and primordial signifier and signified, agent and instrument of order, stability, constancy and continuity - the repository of tradition as much as the most authentic and expressive instrument of voicing the characteristically interrogative mood and profoundly sceptical mind of the times, the age of its making.
'The CASE of the Author'
Authors: Child Paul W.
Published: November 2021

Examining the intersections between medicine and literature in the eighteenth century, this article argues that Scottish physician George Cheyne's celebrated "CASE of the Author" (1733) adopts the literary inheritance of the spiritual autobiography as a means of establishing narrative authority and of structuring the clinical record of one man's experiences in health and illness. In tracing his own "Progress" from physical ruin to "perfect Health," Cheyne invokes the authorities of medical science and clinical objectivity. However, the language, structure, and ethos are those of the spiritual autobiography, in which a reflecting author, looking back upon the apparently random and disconnected events of his past, reads "God's plot" for his life. Reading the symptoms of his own ill health and emergent recovery as symbols provided by "the Author of Nature," the reflecting Cheyne discovers an intelligible providential plot by which to interpret the raw data of his own clinical observations.
Corporeal and Textual Performance as Ironic Confidence Trick in Angela Carter's Nights at the Circus
Authors: Kérchy Anna
Published: November 2021

This paper examines performativity in its relation to textuality, corporeality and femininity in Angela Carter's Nights at the Circus (1984). I wish to reveal parallel spectacular, seductive and tricky performances of bodies and texts. My reading of spectacular corporeal and textual performances focuses on the heroine, revealing how Fevvers' parading deconstructive performances of ideologically prescribed femininity, and its limiting representations, coincide with the narrative's spectacular revisions of literary genres and writing styles, identified by discursive technologies of power with femininity and thus conventionally canonized as sentimentally kitsch or incomprehensibly hysterical modes of writing. My gender sensitive, reader-response approach also highlights the bifocal pleasures, tender irony and sisterly burlesque of the self-mockingly silly and histrionic hysteric "feminine" textual performance in order to reveal that the conventional concepts of a domineering patriarchal language violently incorporating and domineering weaker écriture féminine are demythologized. My final aim is to examine how Fevvers' confidence trick unveils that there are other wor(l)ds available for daring women writers and readers alike.
The [Transvestite] Play: Is It the Thing?
Authors: Árkai Márta
Published: November 2021

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An 'Heir to the Subject which Used to Be Called Philosophy'
Authors: Szalai Judit
Published: November 2021

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Image and Imagination in the Ekphrastic Tradition
Authors: Varga Tünde
Published: November 2021

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Creativity, Singularity, Ethics in Pope's Essay on Criticism
Authors: Barcsák János
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses Pope’s Essay on Criticism in terms of Derek Attridge’s theory of creativity. It argues that Pope’s text is fundamentally based on the same commitment to the other that Attridge describes as constitutive of the singularity of literature and hence the 300-year-old Essay is a vital text which communicates itself to the present in significant ways. The success of poetry for Pope depends primarily on an appropriate relation to nature and the first chapter of this paper argues that the way Pope describes this relation is very similar to Attridge’s description of the relation to the other. The three subsequent chapters discuss how Pope’s concept of “expression” continues this theme and describes the pitfalls as well as the success of relating to nature as the other. The last two sections discuss the Essay’s treatment of the rules. It is shown that the way the rules are presented in the Essay reflects Pope’s fundamental ethical commitment no less than his concepts of nature and “true expression” do.
The Faces of the Other
Authors: Nyusztay Iván
Published: November 2021

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'A Peculiar Fusion of Soul'
Authors: Maráczi Géza
Published: November 2021

In an attempt to integrate the study of characterisation with that of narration in D. H. Lawrence's Sons and Lovers, this paper traces the psychological themes whose realisation structures the narrative techniques of character presentation and the types of discourse applied for establishing and presenting the psychologies of characters. It examines the narrative techniques the novel employs for characterisation and describes, in terms of narrative situations, focalization and the technique of free indirect discourse, its methods for presenting the mental activities of the characters. It finds that by means of constant shifts of focalization within two specific types of discourse ("psycho-narration" and "narrated monologue"), the narrative accomplishes the linguistic representation of the psychological themes that can be defined as 'the dislocation of sensibility' and 'the loss of the self,' and explains them accordingly.
She-Who-Must-Be-Obeyed
Authors: Kalmár György
Published: November 2021

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'Intimacy which is knowledge'
Authors: Baróthy Judit
Published: November 2021

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Oscar Wilde and Feminism
Authors: Killeen Jarlath
Published: November 2021

Oscar Wilde has recently been appropriated by feminist scholars in two distinct ways. On the one hand he is read as a proto-feminist writer, with feminist sympathies, whose editorial work publicised many women writers, and who publicly supported the causes of female education - especially to university level - female suffrage, and female participation in the workplace. However, many others have pointed out that despite this, there remains a powerful and important level of extreme misogyny running throughout his work, and that this must be read back into his political and aesthetic commitments. This article warns that, before we peremptorily attempt to assimilate Wilde into either a feminist or a misogynist paradigm, we must engage with the interpretive model in which he understood relations between the sexes: Roman Catholicism, which, while politically conservative, contained radically subversive gender possibilities.
The Ending of 'Tintern Abbey' and Paul de Man's Theory of the Performative Nature of Language
Authors: Barcsák János
Published: November 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to explain the puzzling changes that occur at the end of Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey" by the help of a theoretical structure outlined in Paul de Man's essay "Rhetoric of Persuasion (Nietzsche)." Besides, it also argues that the poem can be used to elucidate some theoretical procedures that de Man deploys in another essay of his, "Promises (Social Contract)."
'And the pool was filled [again] with water out of sunlight'
Authors: Tóth Tibor
Published: November 2021

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The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
Authors: Szigeti András
Published: November 2021

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The Exploration of Female Identity in the Father-Daughter Dynamic in Caroline Bowles's Poetry
Authors: Simonova Strout Irina I.
Published: November 2021

The work and literary accomplishments of Caroline Bowles Southey established her significance as a poet in the Romantic tradition as well as contemporary culture. Similar to many other women writers, she worked within the established poetic genres against the conformity of the masculine norms of Romanticism. The father-daughter relationship is not new, yet in Caroline Bowles’s poetry it becomes a symbol of the patriarchal relation of women and men in society, a precursor to the questioning of woman’s role and place in culture. This paper aims to examine the father-daughter dynamic in Ellen Fitzarthur and Birth-Day. Bowles interrogates the ambivalence of self: the private and the public persona, which has to come to terms with the demands and pressures of patriarchal society. To achieve self-fulfillment a woman has to be free from the power of the father. Caroline Bowles’s poetry is such an attempt to strive towards the personal and poetic independence from the expectations of the patriarchal society.
William Holman Hunt's Early Work and the High Church Movement
Authors: Péteri Éva
Published: November 2021

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Novelties or 'Common Maxims'
Authors: Dózsai Rita
Published: November 2021

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What is the Value of Hack Days?
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: November 2021

This Friday and Saturday the SpotOn London Conference will take place at the British Library in London. I am very excited, as I have come to this conference since the first one in 2008, and have helped organize the event since 2009.
Join us for the Force2021 Hackathon
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: November 2021

The Force2021 conference will take place from December 7-9. The conference will be virtual, and registration is free. And we will again be hosting a Force2021 hackathon, as co-located virtual event on December 6 and December 10. We will meet for four hours each (1 PM - 5 PM GMT) and will communicate via Zoom.
ANTIFERTILITY ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF TUBEROUS ROOTS OF GLORIOSA SUPERBA LINN. IN FEMALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: Malpani A. , Mahurkar N ,   Department of Pharmacology, H.K.E.’s MTR Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kalaburagi – 585 105, India
Published: November 2021

Gloriosa superba Linn. is used as a folk remedy for abortion. In the present study, ether, chloroform, and ethyl alcohol extracts of roots of Gloriosa superba Linn. were evaluated for the antifertility activity in female Wistar albino rats. Toxicity studies were carried out in mice. Phytochemical analysis of different extracts shows the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, tannins and glycosides. All extracts were safe at a dose of 175 mg/kg body weight. The antifertility activity results show a significant reduction in number of implants (p<0.001) and number of pups born (p<0.0001) in all groups of different extracts (20mg/kg and 40mg/kg) compared to control. Ethyl alcohol (EyGS), chloroform (CEGS) and ether (ErGS) extracts of roots of Gloriosa superba Linn have shown 33.33%, 50%, 66.66% reduction in the pregnancies respectively compared to control. All the extracts have shown statistically significant (p< 0.0001) abortifacient activity compared to control.
RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN GRAPHENE BIOSENSORS FOR THE DETECTION OF PATHOGENS - A REVIEW
Authors: Chaudhari A , Jagdale P. , Goswami P , Kerawalla M. A. K ,   Department of General Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai - 400 019, Maharashtra, India
Published: November 2021

Due to increasing rate of growth of pathogens throughout the world, there have been many epidemics in the recent past like Zika virus, Ebola virus and dengue fever. In many cases, the physicians were not able to treat the infected patients early enough to save their lives. One of the major reasons for this was because the physicians were only approached by the patients when some major symptoms developed. Or even if they approached the physician, the pathogen was detected very late due to the techniques used, that were slow, expensive, not very accurate and not simple. The techniques didn’t have a low detection limit as well, therefore it was almost impossible to detect the pathogen at a very early stage. To resolve these problems, extensive research is being carried out on graphene based biosensors. Graphene is a one atom thick single layer of sp2 hybridized carbons molecules. The extraordinary physical properties that it has, makes it an ideal material for the fabrication of biosensors. When the biosensors fabricated from graphene were tested, they delivered superior results and detected pathogens at a very low detection limits. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements within the field of graphene based sensors used primarily for the detection of pathogens. Further, the fabrication of the sensors for the detection of each pathogen has been discussed. The first section introduces graphene, its physiochemical properties. The second part focuses on the basic idea with which the graphene biosensor is designed. The third section discusses the detailed concept behind the detection of each pathogen covered in this review. Various methods for graphene modification have been discussed including functionalization using polymers and use of dopants with metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. And finally, the review concludes with the future applications and usefulness of graphene biosensors.
STABILITY INDICATING HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND LORATADINE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Sakhare R. S. , Pekamwar S. S. , Gitte T. V. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, SRTM University, Nanded - 431 606, Maharashtra, India
Published: November 2021

A simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and rapid stability indicating HPTLC method for simultaneous determination of ambroxol hydrochloride and Loratadine in pharmaceutical dosage form has been developed. The study was performed on TLC aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 using chloroform: methanol (9:1v/v) as the mobile phase. This system gives compact and dense spots for both ambroxol hydrochloride (Rf value of 0.36±0.003) and loratadine (Rf value of 0.68±0.002). Densitometric analysis of both drugs was carried out in the reflectance absorbance mode at 216 nm. The coefficient of correlation data for the calibration plots showed a good linear relationship with R2 = 0.997 ± 1.1224 in the range of 600-3600 ng for ambroxol hydrochloride and R2 = 0.998 ± 0.0935 in the range of 50-300 ng for loratadine. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines for specificity, precision, robustness and recovery. Stability study shows that the chromatograms of samples from its degradation products were well resolved with significant Rf value.
EVALUATION OF HEPATO - PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF K-LIV DS ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: Jain D. , Chainani K. ,   Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Pune - 411 041, Maharashtra, India
Published: November 2021

Present study investigates K-Liv DS, a polyherbal formulation on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into normal control, CCl4 control, CCl4+K-Liv DS (0.5 ml) and CCl4+K-LivDS (1 mL). CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally from day 1 to day 10, while K Liv DS was administered orally for 14 days. Hepatoprotective activity was assessed by estimating transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, total protein and bilirubin in serum. Estimation of oxidative stress markers and histopathological study of liver were also carried out. Metabolic function of liver was evaluated by thiopentone induced sleeping time. CCl4 administration produced a significant hepatotoxicity (P<0.001), which was reversed with K-Liv DS treatment. It significantly decreased transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin and increased total proteins (P<0.001). Moreover oxidative stress was decreased and metabolic function was improved by decrease in sleeping time. Histopathological examination revealed no abnormalities in the K-Liv DS treated rats. K-Liv DS is an effective hepatoprotective agent and has potential clinical applications for liver diseases.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KINERJA PENGHULU
Authors: Carsono Nono
Published: November 2021

Pencapaian kinerja KUA di Kabupaten Cilacap belum memenuhi harapan. Kondisi tersebut dapat ditingkatkan dan perlu dilakukan evaluasi dan penelitian terhadap kualitas sumber daya manusia agar kebijakan yang diambil pada masa depan mampu meningkatkan kinerja pegawai dan meminimumkan faktor yang dapat menurunkan kinerja pegawai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh budaya organisasi dan kepemimpinan terhadap kepuasan kerjadan dampaknya terhadap kinerja pegawai. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur, yaitu untuk mendapatkan gambaran, pola hubungan dan pengaruh dari variable-variabel penelitian yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan pegawai sebesar 73,4%. Kepemimpinan  berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan pegawai sebesar 73,4%. Budaya organisasi dan kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan pegawai sebesar 75,7%. Budaya organisasi dan kepemimpinan melalui berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui kepuasan pegawai sebesar 85,2%.
Analisis Perdagangan Komoditas Kopi Antara Indonesia Dan 14 Negara Mitra Dengan Pendekatan Model Gravitasi
Authors: Khoirudin Rifki , Bintoro Diki
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perdagangan komoditas kopi antara Indonesia dengan 14 negara mitra utama melalui pendekatan permodelan gravitasi perdagangan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif data panel. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa dalam kurun tahun 2013 hingga 2019 PDB Nominal negara mitra berpengaruh positif terhadap net ekspor kopi Indonesia sedangkan jarak ekonomi dan kurs riil negara mitra berpengaruh negatif terhadap net ekspor kopi Indonesia. Indikator lain berupa PDB Nominal Indonesia, populasi Indonesia, populasi negara mitra, kurs riil Indonesia, dan perjanjian perdagangan TICA 2007 tidak berpengaruh terhadap net ekspor kopi Indonesia.
DAMPAK PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 43 TAHUN 2014 TERHADAP PERANAN BADAN PERMUSYAWARATAN DESA DALAM PENYUSUNAN ANGGARAN PENDAPATAN DAN BELANJA DESA
Authors: Widianti Hesti , Alfian Muhamad
Published: November 2021

Pemerintah desa merupakan bagian terdepan pada sistem pemerintahan daerah yang akan berhubungan dan bersentuhan langsung dengan masyarakat. Karena itu, sistem dan mekanisme penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah sangat didukung dan ditentukan oleh Pemerintah Desa dan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) sebagai bagian dari Pemerintah Daerah. Struktur kelembagaan dan mekanisme kerja di semua tingkatan pemerintah, khususnya pemerintahan desa harus  diarahkan untuk dapat menciptakan pemerintahan yang peka terhadap perkembangan dan perubahan yang terjadi dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan BPD dalam penyusunan APBDes di Desa Kepunduhan, Kecamatan Kramat kabupaten Tegal. Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 43 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa dan Fungsi dari BPD dalam menyusun Anggaran Desa. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dilihat BPD masih memerlukan penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan
Introduction to Neutrosophic Hypernear-rings
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, .. M.A. ,   Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, Agboola A.A.A.
Published: November 2021

This paper is concerned with the introduction of neutrosophic hypernear-rings. The concept of Neutrosophic A-hypergroup of a hypernear-ring A; neutrosophic A(I)-hypergroup of a neutrosophic hypernear-ring A(I) and their respective neutrosophic substructures are defined. We investigate and present some interesting results arising from the study of hypernear-rings in neutrosophic environment. It is shown that a constant Neutrosophic hypernear-ring in general is not a constant hypernear-ring. In addition, we consider the neutrosophic ideals, neutrosophic homomorphism and neutrosophic quotient hypernear-rings of neutrosophic hypernear-rings.
A Note on Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets in Ordered Groupoids
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon, admin admin ,   Department of Mathematics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran,   Department of Mathematics, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, India, Davvaz B. , Parimala M.
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to combine the notions of ordered algebraic structures and neutrosophy. In this regard, we define for the first time single valued neutrosophic sets in ordered groupoids. More precisely, we study single valued neutrosophic subgroupoids of ordered groupoids, single valued neutrosophic ideals of ordered groupoids, and single valued neutrosophic filters of ordered groupoids. Finally, we present some remarks on single valued neutrosophic subgroups (ideals) of ordered groups.
A Direct Model for Triangular Neutrosophic Linear Programming
Authors:   Department of Applied Mathematics, Ayandegan Institute of Higher Education, Tonekabon, Iran, Edalatpanah S. A.
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to propose a new direct algorithm to solve the neutrosophic linear programming where the variables and right-hand side represented with triangular neutrosophic numbers. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is illustrated through numerical experiments. The extracted results show that the new algorithm is straightforward and could be useful to guide the modeling and design of a wide range of neutrosophic optimization.
A Single Valued Neutrosophic Inventory Model with Neutrosophic Random Variable
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Alagappa University, Karaikudia, India, Jeyabalan M. Mullai*, K. Sangeetha, R. Surya, G. Madhan kumar, R. ,   Laboratory of Information Processing, Faculty of Science Ben M’Sik, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco, Broumi S.
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the problematic period of neutrosophic inventory in an inaccurate and unsafe mixed environment. The purpose of this paper is to present demand as a neutrosophic random variable. For this model, a new method is developed for determining the optimal sequence size in the presence of neutrosophic random variables. Where to get optimality by gradually expressing the average value of integration. The newsvendor problem is used to describe the proposed model.
A New Multi-Attribute Decision Making Method with Single-Valued Neutrosophic Graphs
Authors:   School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China, admin admin ,   School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China,   Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China, Bai Wenhui , Zhang Chao
Published: November 2021

In most realistic situations, the theory and method of multi-attribute decision-making have been widely used in different fields, such as engineering, economy, management, military, and others. Although many studies in some extended fuzzy contexts have been explored with multi-attribute decision-making, it is widely recognized that single-valued neutrosophic sets can describe incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent information more easier. In this paper, aiming at addressing multi-attribute decision-making problems with single-valued neutrosophic information, related models and multi-attribute decision-making approaches based on the fuzzy graph theory are studied. In specific, the notion of single-valued neutrosophic sets and graphs is firstly introduced together with several common operational laws. Then a multi-attribute decision making method based on single-valued neutrosophic graphs is established. Finally, an illustrative example and a comparative analysis are conducted to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
NeutroAlgebra is a Generalization of Partial Algebra
Authors:   University of New Mexico Math Science Division 705 Gurley Ave., Gallup, NM 87301, USA, Smarandache Florentin
Published: November 2021

In this paper we recall, improve, and extend several definitions, properties and applications of our previous 2019 research referred to NeutroAlgebras and AntiAlgebras (also called NeutroAlgebraic Structures and respectively AntiAlgebraic Structures). Let be an item (concept, attribute, idea, proposition, theory, etc.). Through the process of neutrosphication, we split the nonempty space we work on into three regions {two opposite ones corresponding to and , and one corresponding to neutral (indeterminate) (also denoted ) between the opposites}, which may or may not be disjoint – depending on the application, but they are exhaustive (their union equals the whole space). A NeutroAlgebra is an algebra which has at least one NeutroOperation or one NeutroAxiom (axiom that is true for some elements, indeterminate for other elements, and false for the other elements). A Partial Algebra is an algebra that has at least one Partial Operation, and all its Axioms are classical (i.e. axioms true for all elements). Through a theorem we prove that NeutroAlgebra is a generalization of Partial Algebra, and we give examples of NeutroAlgebras that are not Partial Algebras. We also introduce the NeutroFunction (and NeutroOperation).
Thinking on Thinking: The Elementary forms of Mental Life Neutrosophical representation as enabling cognitive heuristics
Authors:   Independent researcher, Switzerland, Schweizer Philippe
Published: November 2021

Beyond the predominant paradigm of an essentially rational human cognition, based on the classical binary logic, we want to propose some reflections that are organized around the intuition that the representations we have of the world are weighted with appreciations, for example affective ones. resulting from our integration into a social environment. We see these connotations as essentially ternary in nature, depending on the concepts underlying neutrosophy: either positive, negative or neutral. This form of representation would then influence the very nature of the cognitive process, which in complex real-world situations, has to deal with problems of a combinatorial nature leading to a number of cases too large for our abilities. Forced to proceed by shortcuts on the basis of heuristics, cognition would use these assessments of the representations it manipulates to decide whether partial solutions are attractive for solving the problem or on the contrary are judged negative and are then quickly rejected. There is still the case of a neutral weighting that allows processing to continue. Thus a neutrosophical conception of our representations of the world explains how our cognition functions in its treatment of combinatorial problems in the form of producing processing accelerating heuristics, both in terms of partial solutions selection and processing optimization.
Reﬁned Neutrosophic Rings II
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, Adeleke E.O. ,   Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria,   Department of Mathematics Science, University of New Mexico, 705 Gurley Ave., Gallup, NM 87301, USA, Agboola A.A.A. , Smarandache F.
Published: November 2021

This paper is the continuation of the work started in the paper titled “Reﬁned Neutrosophic Rings I”. In the present paper, we study reﬁned neutrosophic ideals and reﬁned neutrosophic homomorphisms along their elementary properties. It is shown that if R = Z(I1, I2) is a reﬁned neutrosophic ring of integers and J = nZ(I1, I2) is a reﬁned neutrosophic ideal of R, then R/J Zn(I1, I2).
Image and Inverse Image of Neutrosophic Cubic Sets in UP-Algebras under UP-Homomorphisms
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand, Songsaeng Metawee ,   Department of Mathematics, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand, Iampan Aiyared
Published: November 2021

The concept of a neutrosophic cubic set in a UP-algebra was introduced by Songsaeng and Iampan [Neu-trosophic cubic set theory applied to UP-algebras, 2019]. In this paper, we deﬁne the image and inverse image of a neutrosophic cubic set in a non-empty set under any function and study the image and inverse image of a neutrosophic cubic UP-subalgebra (resp., neutrosophic cubic near UP-ﬁlter, neutrosophic cubic UP-ﬁlter, neutrosophic cubic UP-ideal, neutrosophic cubic strong UP-ideal) of a UP-algebra under some UP-homomorphisms.