bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voltammetry of Micro-Liter Electrolyte Samples on ITO Microelectrodes for Analyte Recognition
Authors: Jenabi Amin , Zare Ali Hooshyar , Erfantalab Sobhan
Published: April 2014

Obtaining information on the nature of ionic species in electrolyte samples is in demand. The examination process must take less than ~1 min, and the test is expected to require small volume (micro-liter) samples. Here, we report electrolyte examination results with a simple voltammetry process carried out on thin film indium tin oxide micro-electrodes deposited on polyethylene terephthalate substrates and micromachined by CO2 laser ablation. The sample volume required is 2 μl, which is dropped manually on the electrodes with a sampler. The voltage waveform applied between the electrodes is a combination of positive and negative pulses of different magnitudes. The transient electric current passing through the electrolyte is monitored and plotted versus time. These plots are utilized as the finger prints of the related electrolyte samples. Pattern recognition methods are employed for information extraction from the obtained patterns. The diagnostic information extracted from these patterns proved sufficient for discrimination among KF, KCl and KI samples at various concentrations.
Non-Destructive Testing with Ultrasound in Rails and Ship Plates
Authors: Chatzifotis Panagiotis I.
Published: April 2014

This paper deals with finding of defects, such as cracks, breakdowns and inclusions in rails and in ship plates, by ultrasound technique. Pulse echo method and twin beams technique is some of the ultrasonic inspection methods we have used for thickness measurements and for inspection of the welds. Initially, the thickness of rails and ship plates was measured by ultrasound devices using straight beam transducers and then the weldings of these samples were checked by using angle beam transducers.
Vehicle Detection and Monitoring Setup Based on Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Sensors
Authors: Hadjigeorgiou N. , Kossivakis D. , Skafidas P.
Published: April 2014

The evolution in microelectronics and microarchitecture lead to the creation of cheap and reliable embedded magnetic sensors. Anisotropic Magnetoresistors (AMR), being able to measure one axis magnetic fields, have been employed in many applications so far. In this paper AMR sensor (HMC2003) manufactured by Honeywell Inc. was tested for its ability to detect the magnetic field of a vehicle. Two different sensor topologies were examined regarding their performance in vehicle detection and monitoring.
Stress State Determination in Boat Welding Using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise
Authors: Hliadi Kaliopi
Published: April 2014

The impact of stress on changes in magnetization is one of the most complex issues of magnetism. Magnetic techniques are the most important non-destructive testing technologies to characterize the mechanical features of ferromagnetic materials based on the physical principle of magnetic-stress coupling. Magnetic Barkhausen Noise measurement was used in order to estimate stress state in boat welding. The results have shown that magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials are stress-dependent. A qualitative correlation was found between places with residual stress and areas with increased values of the gradients of the magnetic Barkhausen noise components. Further research is now in progress in order to develop the quantitative relationships.
Computational Modeling of a Commercial Seebeck Module
Authors: Kossivakis D. , Vossou Clio G.
Published: April 2014

This paper investigates computationally the performance of a commercially available Seebeck module under open circuit conditions. Seebeck modules, also called thermoelectric generators, are solid state devices used for power generation purposes. One of the most attractive applications of these devices is the exploitation of waste heat vastly available through various environmental or industrial sources. A Seebeck module can be used as a stand-alone device or as a part of a bigger power generation system. Device computational modeling has been performed using ANSYS Workbench (v. 14.0).
Chronoamperometry Study of the Electrodeposited Ni100-XPx Alloy Thin Films
Authors: Medouer Hadria , Benyekken Chahira , Messaadi Saci
Published: April 2014

Elecrodeposited Ni-P alloy thin films have been the subject of extended investigations, since the pioneering works of Brenner et al, in the late 1940s. It is well known, that the physical and chemical properties of the Ni-P deposit composition are strongly influenced by the preparation conditions. In our experimental procedure, we have used a Parstat 2253 potensiostat equipped with Power-Suite software. All the electrochemical experiments were performed in a three electrode cell in which the volume of the bath was 150ml, in this experimental technique, we can measure one or more of three parameters: the potential (V), current (i), and time (t).
The aim of our work consists to study the nucleation and growth process and given morphology and composition of electrodeposited Nix-P100-x thin films on Copper substrates. For this purpose, cyclic voltametry and chnonoamperomaty have been used in order to determine the previous cited properties of thin films Ni-P, [0.10 of NaPH2O2 solutions. The chrnoamperogramms can be interpreted by the use of one of three models called: Growth mode (Me layer by layer formation); Franck Van der Merwe, FM model, Growth mode 3D (Me island formation on the top of predeposited), 2D Meads overlayers on substrat and Stranski-Krastanov; (SK model).
Application of Response Surface Methodology to Synthesize Appropriate Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Diazinon
Authors: Rahiminezhad Mohsen , Shahtaheri Seyed Jamaleddin , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Rahimi Forushani Abbas Rahimi
Published: April 2014

Molecular imprinting technology has become an interesting research area to the preparation of specific sorbent material for environmental and occupational sample preparation techniques (1). In the molecular imprinting technology, specific binding sites have been formed in polymeric matrix, which often have an affinity and selectivity similar to antibody-antigen systems (2). In molecular imprinted technology, functional monomers are arranged in a complementary configuration around a template molecule, then, cross-linker and solvent are also added and the mixture is treated to give a porous material containing nono-sized binding sites. After extraction of the template molecule by washing, vacant imprinted sites will be left in polymer, which are available for rebinding of the template or its structural analogue (3). The stability, convention of preparation and low cost of these materials make them particularly attractive (4). These synthetic materials have been used for capillary electrochromatography (5), chromatography columns (6), sensors (7), and catalyze system (8). Depending on the molecular imprinting approach, different experimental variables such as the type and amounts of functional monomers, porogenic solvent, initiator, monomer to cross-linker ratio, temperature, and etc may alter the properties of the final polymeric materials. In this work, chemometric approach based on Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to design the experiments as well as to find the optimum conditions for preparing appropriate diazinon molecularly imprinted polymer.
Experimental and First Principles' Characterization of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Statharas E. , Tserotas P. , Antipas G.S.E.
Published: April 2014

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized via co precipitation and thermal decomposition yielded largely monodisperse size distributions. Both methods produced a mixture of magnetite and maghemite. However CP NPs were indexed as magnetite-rich while TD yielded largely maghemite NPs. XRD-and TEM-measured diameters of the co-precipitated particles were approximately between 9 to 15 nm, while thermally decomposed diameters were in the range of 8 to 10 nm. FTIR spectra revealed no distinct differences in the bulk structure of the two systems. Based on the Density functional theory calculations and on HOMO-LUMO gap energies, we propose that ferric Fe is the state of preference by the surfactant in bidentate linkage.
A Novel Synthesis of Monodispersed Magnetite Nanoparticles by an Organometallic Complexed Precursor
Authors: Tserotas P. , Statharas E. , Kartswnakis Ioannis
Published: April 2014

Monodispersed magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were obtained via an innovative three step synthetic approach. First, the formation of iron enneacarbonyl, Fe2(CO)9, a stable, solid organometallic complex compound, took place in a hexane solution, by the decomposition reaction of the unstable, liquid iron pentacarbonyl, Fe (CO)5, in the presence of sunlight and mild heating. In a second step, the dry compound Fe2(CO)9 was complexed with β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) molecules, according to a combination of two modified complexation procedures. Steric hindrance of the organometallic molecules was achieved, among the interstices of the formed CD molecular network, which poses a novel, very crucial size control factor and stabilizing agent for the synthesized nanoparticles.
A Novel Approach for the Synthesis of PEGylated Monodispersed Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Tserotas P. , Statharas E. , Kartswnakis Ioannis
Published: April 2014

PEGylated, monodispersed, superparamagnetic, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 / γ-Fe2O3) were synthesized by using a novel metal-organic approach in three steps. Ferric nitrate nonahydrate, Fe (NO3)3.9H2O, was used as iron source, which was sterically hindered among the interstices and / or in the cavities of β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) molecules, following a modified complexation procedure. Via a polyol process the obtained complex system was first dispersed in polyethylene glycol (PEG) and under mild thermal treatment and in the presence of 1,12 dodecanediol, a new complex system of carboxylate type was formed, between ferric nitrate and PEG, denoted Fe (NO3)3.9H2O-PEG. This metal-organic precursor was thermally decomposed, forming the iron oxide nanoparticles. The obtained particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Zinc Oxide Doped Red Sea Egyptian Clay as a Varistor
Authors: El-Hofy M. , Dawoud M. , Elkhatib M. , Aziz A. Abdel
Published: April 2014

Clay consists of about 50% SiO2 + 25% Al2O3 plus some other oxides with low abundance ratio like CaO, TiO2, Fe2O3, MgO and Mn2O3. Burning the clay at 700°C removes out the organic compounds and the mentioned oxides only remain. Our aim is to dope ZnO by the remaining oxides for varistors fabrication. Six types of clay were collected from Egyptian Red Sea Coast mines, after burning for 2 hrs the remaining oxides were mixed and ball milled with ZnO for 10 hrs according to the formula (100-Xn) ZnO +Xn, where n is the clay type and X is the ratio of the clay in grams, X takes the values 0.525 in 15 steps. Samples were pressed and sintered at three different temperatures (Tsin) 1200°C, 1300°C and 1400°C for 1 hr, and then studied via XRD, SEM, EDAX, J-E and C-V measurements. The obtained results were discussed in terms of the microstructure of the samples and the formation of Schottky barriers. Barrier height Ф, width W, interface state density Ns and donor state density Nd were calculated for the samples with highest nonlinearity α. It was found that the breakdown electric field Eo is related exponentially with the ratio of Zinc silicate phase whereas α scales with ratio of ZnO phase and the later increases linearly with Tsin. The electrical characteristics of the most promising sample were compared with those of ZnO samples doped pure SiO2 and Al2O3 obtained at the same preparation condition. This sample is comparable with the Japanese commercial varistor 5N220k Dc JVR.
Ethanol Sensing with Cu-BTC Metal Organic Framework: Mass Sensitive, Work Function Based and IR Investigations
Authors: Davydovskaya Polina , Tawil Angelika , Pohle Roland
Published: April 2014

Cu-BTC, also known as H-KUST 1, belongs to Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Nanoporosity, relatively good thermal stability and unsaturated metal sites are some of its properties that make this MOF promising for application as a gas sensing material. In this work we chose different experimental approaches to examine trace gas sensing (5 to 50 ppm) of ethanol with Cu-BTC. Measurements with mass sensitive, as well as work function based readout, were successfully performed in dry synthetic air at room temperature. Strong, fast and concentration dependent response to ethanol was observed. In-situ measurements with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) were additionally applied to visualize the adsorption of ethanol molecules on the Cu-BTC sensing layer.
Chemical Sensing via Chemotaxis of Euglena gracilis Confined in an Isolated Micro-Aquarium
Authors: Ozasa Kazunari , Lee Jee Soo , Song Simon , Hara Masahiko , Maeda Mizuo
Published: April 2014

On-chip cytotoxicity sensing for liquid substances was investigated by using the microbial chemotaxis of Euglena gracilis. The Euglena cells were confined in a closed-type micro-aquarium in a PDMS microchip, and the micro-aquarium was isolated from two microchannels to flow test and reference liquid substances. Small molecules of liquids permeated into PDMS and diffused into the water in the micro-aquarium, and thus, the chemical concentration gradient of test liquids was built in the micro-aquarium. The negative chemotactic movements of Euglena cells were observed for ethanol down to 0.5% within 2-5 min after the injection of diluted ethanol into one of the separated microchannels (counter reference = pure water). On the other hand, when 0.5% H2O2 was introduced as a test liquid (counter reference = pure water), the Euglena cells fell into continuous rotation instead of single step turning and/or straight forward swimming. As a result, total swimming activity in the micro-aquarium decreased even after H2O2 flow was switched back to water. The observation shows that the types of cytotoxic effects can be identified through the cell movement analysis.
The Influenza Virus–Specific CTL Immunodominance Hierarchy in Mice Is Determined by the Relative Frequency of High-Avidity T Cells
Authors: Cukalac Tania , Chadderton Jesseka , Zeng Weiguang , Cullen Jolie G. , Kan Wan Ting , Doherty Peter C. , Jackson David C. , Turner Stephen J. , La Gruta Nicole L.
Published: April 2014

Virus-specific CTL responses typically fall into reproducible hierarchies with particular epitopes eliciting either immunodominant or subdominant responses after viral challenge. The recently acquired capacity to directly enumerate naive CTL precursors (CTLps) in both mice and humans has implicated CTLp frequency as a key predictor of immune response magnitude after Ag challenge. However, recent studies have indicated that naive CTLp frequencies do not necessarily predict the size of the Ag-driven response, indicating an important role for differential CTLp recruitment and/or expansion. This study characterizes the early emergence of various influenza epitope-specific CTL responses at multiple sites in C57BL/6 mice, and probes the role of Ag dose and TCR avidity in dictating immune response hierarchies. Despite large naive CTLp numbers, subdominance was found to arise largely as a consequence of the abrupt and premature cessation of CTL proliferation, at least for one epitope specificity. Investigation into the possible drivers of the poor proliferation observed for subdominant specificities showed that the immunodominance hierarchy endured irrespective of epitope abundance, and correlated with the prevalence of high-avidity T cells in both the naive and immune compartments. Our study strongly indicates that the quality, and not simply the quantity, of antiviral CTLs dictate response magnitude.
Soluble IFN Receptor Potentiates In Vivo Type I IFN Signaling and Exacerbates TLR4-Mediated Septic Shock
Authors: Samarajiwa Shamith A. , Mangan Niamh E. , Hardy Matthew P. , Najdovska Meri , Dubach Daphne , Braniff Susie-Jane , Owczarek Catherine M. , Hertzog Paul J.
Published: April 2014

Circulating levels of a soluble type I IFNR are elevated in diseases, such as chronic inflammation, infections, and cancer, but whether it functions as an antagonist, agonist, or transporter is unknown. In this study, we elucidate the in vivo importance of the soluble type I IFNAR, soluble (s)IFNAR2a, which is generated by alternative splicing of the Ifnar2 gene. A transgenic mouse model was established to mimic the 10–15-fold elevated expression of sIFNAR2a observed in some human diseases. We generated transgenic mouse lines, designated SolOX, in which the transgene mRNA and protein-expression patterns mirrored the expression patterns of the endogenous gene. SolOX were demonstrated to be more susceptible to LPS-mediated septic shock, a disease model in which type I IFN plays a crucial role. This effect was independent of “classical” proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, whose levels were unchanged. Because the increased levels of sIFNAR2a did not affect the kinetics of the increased interferonemia, this soluble receptor does not potentiate its ligand signaling by improving IFN pharmacokinetics. Mechanistically, increased levels of sIFNAR2a are likely to facilitate IFN signaling, as demonstrated in spleen cells overexpressing sIFNAR2a, which displayed quicker, higher, and more sustained activation of STAT1 and STAT3. Thus, the soluble IFNR is an important agonist of endogenous IFN actions in pathophysiological processes and also is likely to modulate the therapeutic efficacy of clinically administered IFNs.
CD20+ B Cell Depletion Alters T Cell Homing
Authors: Kap Yolanda S. , van Driel Nikki , Laman Jon D. , Tak Paul P. , ’t Hart Bert A.
Published: April 2014

Depleting mAbs against the pan B cell marker CD20 are remarkably effective in the treatment of autoimmune-mediated inflammatory disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. The primary objective of this study was to find a mechanistic explanation for the remarkable clinical effect of the anti-CD20 mAbs in a representative nonhuman primate autoimmune-mediated inflammatory disorder model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in common marmosets, allowing detailed analysis of secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). We observed that the depletion of CD20+ B cells creates a less immunostimulatory environment in the SLO reflected by reduced expression of MHC class II, CD40, CD83, and CD80/CD86. APCs isolated from SLO of B cell–depleted EAE monkeys were also less responsive to mitogenic stimulation. The depleted B cell areas were replenished by T cells, of which the majority expressed CD127 (IL-7R) and CCR7. Such effects were not detected in EAE marmosets treated with mAb against BLyS or APRIL, where B cell depletion via withdrawal of essential survival cytokines was not associated with a marked clinical effect. We propose that at least part of the efficacy of anti-CD20 mAb therapy is attributable to the sustained CCR7 expression on T cells within SLO, limiting their release into the circulation.
Gangrene of the Digits of the Right Lower Limb in a Patient with Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Rankine-Mullings Angela E. , Knight-Madden Jennifer M. , Reid Marvin , Ferguson Trevor S.
Published: April 2014

Thrombosis may play an important role in the pathophysiology of certain complications of sickle cell disease (SCD). While the association between SCD and ulcerative colitis (UC) is still debatable, inflammatory bowel disease is known to be associated with an increased incidence of thromboembolic disease. We report a case of a 16-year old girl known to have homozygous SCD and also diagnosed with UC who presented with digital ischemia of her right lower limb. This led to gangrene and subsequent amputation of the first, second and third digits of that limb. This case highlights that patients with both UC and SCD may have an increased risk of thromboembolism and raises the question as to whether patients with UC and SCD should be screened for thrombophilia.
Sensitivity of bedrock to acid precipitation: modification by glacial processes
Authors: Shilts W W
Published: April 2014

In Canada, the simple relationship of soils to underlying bedrock has been distorted by glaciers which have transported debris from one type of bedrock onto areas where the rock may have a different composition. For example, on the Canadian Shield north of Lake
Superior, continental glaciers have spread a sheet of glacial deposits, rich in calcium carbonate, onto granitoid rocks over an area extending hundreds of kilometres west and south of the limestone basin of Hudson Bay. These limestone-rich glacial deposits have imparted significant buffering
capacity to terrain that, in the absence of glaciation, would have produced quartz-rich so ils with high sensitivity to acid precipitation. Similar situations exist elsewhere in southeastern Canada. Acid precipitation, by lowering the pH of glacial soils or of surf ace waters, also may mobilize
potentially noxious chemical elements that under natural conditions are stable in the soil or in lakes or streams.
U-Pb zircon dating: a comparison of ion microprobe and single grain conventional analyses
Authors: Roddick J C , van Breemen O
Published: April 2014

Conventional isotope dilution U-Pb analyses have been carried out on SHRIMP ion microprobe zircon standards, SL3 and SL13, and also on the same single zircon grains of Proterozoic age analyzed by SHRIMP. SL13 has a conventional 206Pb/238U age of 572.1 æ 0.2 Ma
and a 207Pb/206Pb age of 576.2 æ 0.7 Ma and is in good agreement with the reference age used for SHRIMP analyses. SL3 has a conventional 206Pb/238U age of 552.2 æ 0.5 Ma and 207Pb/206Pb ages varying from 556 to 564 Ma. The discordance and the variability of the 207Pb/206Pb in SL3 is attributed to
excess 231Pa-derived 207Pb incorporated in the zircons during crystallization. The SL3 206Pb/238U age is in disagreement with the SHRIMP reference value of 572 Ma previously used for this standard. The discrepancy is now recognized as a bias in the calibration of SHRIMP zircon Pb/U caused by
sensitivity to the primary sputtering species (O- or O2-) and the microstructure of metamict zircons. Measurement of Pb isotopic ratios by SHRIMP in the standards and the Proterozoic grains are in agreement with conventional analyses and indicate that no detectable mass discrimination nor Pb hydride
interferences occur within the precision of the SHRIMP analyses.
U-Pb age and Sm-Nd isotopic studies in Archean Hood River and Torp Lake supracrustal belts, northern Slave Province, Northwest Territories
Authors: van Breemen O , Henderson J R , Jefferson C W , Johnstone R
M , Stern R
Published: April 2014

U-Pb zircon isotopic data from the Hood River and Torp Lake belts indicate the presence of two temporally and lithologically distinct supracrustal sequences. A 2668 ± 4 Ma age was obtained from a dacite sill in the southeastern part of the area, coeval with
2.71-2.66 Ga volcanism documented throughout the Slave Province. This date provides a minimum age for the older of two supracrustal sequences in the Hood River and Torp Lake belts, which appears to be correlative with the Yellowknife Supergroup. Concordant detrital zircon ages from a turbidite in
the western part of the Hood River area range from 2720Ma to 2679 Ma, indicating a synvolcanic source. The detrital zircon data plus juvenile eNd values are consistent with previous evidence pointing to an absence of Mesoarchean basement in the eastern Slave Province. Banded iron-formation in Hood
River belt is restricted to the older, dominantly metasedimentary supracrustal sequence. For at least part of the younger volcano-sedimentary sequence in the Hood River belt, a 2605 +2/-3 Ma maximum age limit is provided by zircons from a felsic clast in a boulder bed. Preliminary maximum ages for
some volcanic rocks in the younger sequence are 2600 ± 2 Ma, from felsic tuffaceous sediments and 2622 ± 3 Ma, from a quartz-feldspar porphyry. A 2600 ± 2 Ma younger limit for this volcano-sedimentary sequence is established by a cross-cutting granodiorite, late in the regional
structural sequence. A syntectonic diorite from the Torp Lake belt is dated as 2604 ± 4 Ma. Deposition of the younger sequence was, therefore, contemporaneous with plutonism.
Detrital zircon ages from Nonacho Basin, western Rae Province, Northwest Territories
Authors: van Breemen O , Aspler L B
Published: April 2014

The Nonacho Group was deposited in a sinistral strike-slip basin near the western margin of the Rae Province. It is an unmetamorphosed to lower greenschist facies grade sequence of conglomerate, arkose, and pelite representing sedimentation in alluvial fan,
fluvial, fan delta, beach, and lacustrine environments. Black heavy mineral paleoplacers, containing concentrations of detrital zircon are common in coarse grained fluvial and beach arkoses. Three such plaeoplacers, from the lower, middle and upper parts of the Nonacho Group, were selected for
single-grain U-Pb analysis. Of the eighteen age determinations, the youngest detrital zircon has a maximum age of ca. 2060 Ma, establishing an older limit for the Nonacho Group. Yet regional field and geochronological data indicate that this new limit is not definitive and Nonacho Basin is probably
significantly younger. Detrital zircon age populations of ca.3.30-3.05 Ga, ca. 2.48-2.31 Ga, and ca. 2.13-2.06 Ga are consistent with derivation from the western Rae Province during sideways escape owing to indentation by the Slave Province.
Age of emplacement of Thoa metagabbro, western margin of Rae Province, Northwest Territories: initiation of rifting prior to Taltson magmatism?
Authors: van Breemen O , Bostock H H
Published: April 2014

The 2.0-1.9 Ga Taltson Magmatic Zone consists of a belt of predominantly granitic plutonic rocks that extends southwards along the western edge of the Rae Province. Gneisses of mixed igneous and sedimentary protoliths (2.44-2.27 Ga) along this margin contain
numerous remnants of mafic and some ultramafic rocks. A U/Pb zircon age of 2340 ± 7 Ma is presented for the Thoa metagabbro, the largest of the known mafic remnants. On the basis of the distinctive morphology of zircons in a quartz-bearing phase, this age is interpreted as the time of gabbro
emplacement, although it may be a minimum age. If Thoa metagabbro is related to the rifting that initiated Rutledge River basin, which closed at ca. 2.10 Ga, its age suggests that rifting began with one or more abortive episodes prior to the end of regional granitoid plutonism (ca. 2.27 Ga) in the
western Rae Province.
U-Pb zircon age constraints on the early tectonic history of the Flin Flon accretionary collage, Saskatchewan
Authors: Stern R A , Lucas S B
Published: April 2014

Six new U-Pb zircon ages for the Flin Flon Belt are presented that provide important constraints on the timing of: (1) growth of magmatic arcs and back-arc basins, (2) their collisional amalgamation, and (3) the subsequent construction of a new arc on top of the
accretionary collage. The older, evolved nature of the Mystic Lake assemblage has been confirmed with a crystallization age of about 1920 Ma for the deformed Meridian Creek tonalite, which contains 2675-2560 Ma xenocrystic zircons. An andesitic tuff from the West Amisk assemblage yielded an age of
1882 ± 3 Ma, constraining calc-alkaline volcanism and basinal sedimentation in that assemblage to be older than about 1880 Ma. Juxtaposition of major tectonostratigraphic assemblages in the Flin Flon-Amisk Lake area had occurred by 1866 ± 3 Ma, the age of the Annabel Lake granodiorite
pluton that stitches two accretion-related shear zones (Mystic Lake and Meridian-West Arm shear zones). The 1856 ± 2 Ma Kaminis Lake (west) pluton, an 1847 ± 2 Ma plagioclase porphyry dyke and the Annabel Lake pluton all represent calc-alkaline arc magmas emplaced during intra-arc
(post-accretion) deformation along the two shear zones. Shear zone deformation had effectively terminated by 1839 ± 3 Ma, the age of a microcline-porphyry dyke that cross-cuts the Meridian-West Arm shear zone at a high angle.
Age of the Sudbury diabase dykes and their metamorphism in the Grenville Province, Ontario
Authors: Dudàs F O , Davidson A , Bethune K M
Published: April 2014

Diabase dykes of the Sudbury swarm in the Southern Province have baddeleyite U-Pb ages of 1235 +7/-3 Ma. Deformed metadiabase dykes in the adjacent Grenville Province, formerly correlated on the basis of chemistry, have the same age, and in addition contain
metamorphic zircon formed at ~1000Ma, derived from igneous baddeleyite. This late Grenvillian age of metamorphism is corroborated by whole rock-garnet Sm-Nd ages. Sudbury metadiabase cuts earlier fabrics in metasedimentary gneiss in the Grenville Province, associated with metamorphism at
~1445 Ma. The Sudbury dykes are interpreted to have intruded across a structural and metamorphic front established at this time during a quiescent period preceding Grenvillian orogeny.
U-Pb igneous crystallization ages of intrusive rocks near the southeastern margin of the Lac-St-Jean Anorthosite Complex, Grenville Province, Quebec
Authors: Hervet M , van Breemen O , Higgins M D
Published: April 2014

Igneous zircon crystallization ages are presented for five intrusions in the Chicoutimi area, Quebec, to the southeast of the Lac-St-Jean Anorthosite Complex. The age of the Ruisseau à Jean-Guy mafic intrusion is 1393 +22/-10 Ma and a diabase dyke cutting
this intrusion is dated as 1050 ± 10 Ma. Two units that border the complex, a ferrodiorite and a farsundite, have ages of 1153 ± 7 and ca. 1160 Ma, respectively, similar to that of the complex. The large Chicoutimi mangerite intrusion southeast of the complex is 1082 ± 3 Ma. A
compilation of geochronological data shows that, since mid-Proterozoic gneiss formation, this portion of the Central Granulite Terrane was subjected to at least three pulses of igneous activity, around 1.40 Ga, 1.15 Ga and 1.08-105 Ga.
Deformation history of the Moose Mountain structure, southwestern Alberta, based on mesostructures: a progress report
Authors: Feinstein S , Eyal Y , Bell J S
Published: April 2014

In July 1995, we carried out a field study of mesostructures in the thrust-faulted Moose Mountain structure of the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Small-scale structural features were measured at 16 sites. Reported here are preliminary analyses and results
from two sites that encompass 84 measurements of fault plane striations, veins, and fold axes. Preliminary analyses suggest that these mesostructures originated in two different paleostress regimes: in one, SHmax was oriented approximately north-south; in the other, SHmax was oriented approximately
northeast-southwest. The latter regime is genetically compatible with the large-scale geometry of the Moose Mountain structure and with regional thrust fault networks; the former regime is discordant with such structures. The timing of the two inferred events has not yet been determined, nor have we
addressed their implications for the overall kinematic evolution of the area.
Impacts of landsliding in the western Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan and Alberta
Authors: Sauchyn D J , Lemmen D S
Published: April 2014

Landsliding on the Canadian prairies often produces downstream impacts on water quality, reservoir capacity, and fish habitat that represent more significant hazards than the destruction caused by the slide itself. Erosion measurements of Police Point landslide
in the western Cypress Hills, which occurred in 1967 and remains highly unstable, document the importance of groundwater in controlling landslide activity and the futility of conventional remedial activities in limiting downstream impacts. Runoff from the landslide inputs large volumes of sediment
to adjacent Battle Creek, with suspended sediment concentrations (up to 438 mg.L-1)downstream of the landslide being two to three orders of magnitude greater than occur upstream.

Chronological data are available for only a few sites, all indicting landslide activity in the Late Holocene. Higher regional groundwater tables associated with wetter and cooler climates at this time may have provided antecedent conditions promoting reactivation of slopes in response to extreme
hydroclimatic events.
Organic facies in black shale of Devonian-Mississippian Bakken Formation, southeastern Saskatchewan
Authors: Stasiuk L D
Published: April 2014

Alginite, acritarch and sporinite macerals in the epicontinental black shale of the Devonian-Mississippian Bakken Formation in southeastern Saskatchewan have been studied with fluorescence incident light microscopy to evaluate the petrographic organic facies.
Three organic facies have been defined for the upper and lower shale members of the Bakken Formation: (i) organic facies A is characterized by abundant, relatively large Prasinophyte alginites; (ii)organic facies B is characterized by small acanthomorphic acritarchs and small Prasinophyte alginite,
sporinite may be present; and (iii) organic facies C contains macerals similar to organic facies B, sporinites and floral inertinite. Based on the distribution of macerals across a typical Devonian to Mississippian shelf, organic facies in the Bakken shale are interpreted to reflect the degee of
water column agitation increasing from the organic facies A setting to the organic facies B and C settings. The lower shale member is dominated by organic facies A except for isolated pockets of organic facies B suggesting a more agitated water colum. The organic facies distribution in the upper
shale is markedly different consisting of organic facies A in the west and organic facies B in the east.
Carnian and Norian (Triassic) strata in the British Mountains, northern Yukon Territory
Authors: Dixon J , Orchard M J , Davies E H
Published: April 2014

The majority of the Triassic strata identified in northern Yukon has been dated as Norian, with a few isolated exposures of Ladinian strata, and some generally dated Triassic exposures. In the northern British Mountains, close to Fish Creek, there is a
well-exposed Triassic succession previously mapped as part of the Permian to Lower Triassic Sadlerochit Group. This succession consists of a lower shaley interval gradationally overlain by sandstone, in turn succeeded by an interval dominated by limestone and sandy limestone. Conodonts and
palynomorphs date these beds as Carnian and early Norian (Late Triassic). These Carnian and Norian beds are age-equivalent to part of the Shublik Formation of northeastern Alaska, although the facies are very different.
Detrital zircon ages from two wells in the Northwest Territories: implications for the correlation and provenance of Proterozoic subsurface strata
Authors: Rainbird R H , Villeneuve M E , Cook D G , MacLean B
C
Published: April 2014

Detrital zircons, extracted from industry well cores of Precambrian sandstones from the Colville Hills and Mackenzie Plains regions, indicate a marked contrast in the age of source material for two sampled intervals. A sample from Mobil E-15 (Colville Hills)
contains zircons older than 1914 ± 4 Ma but younger than 2677 ± 2 Ma. Ten analyses suggest that most of the detritus was derived from the Taltson/Thelon magmatic zone or perhaps from the Hottah Terrain and its cryptic basement. A 2677 ± 2 Ma grain may have been derived from granite of
the Slave Province. The E-15 sample likely represents strata intermediate in age between the Coronation Supergroup and the Mackenzie Mountains/Shaler supergroups, such as the Hornby Bay or Dismal Lakes groups.

A sample from PCI Sammons H-55 (Mackenzie Plains) contains zircons older than 1070 ± 4 Ma but younger than 1641 ± 12 Ma. The high percentage of concordant þGrenvillianþ age zircons (6 of 9) indicates that the rock likely belongs to the Katherine Group of the Mackenzie Mountains Supergroup
and supports a model for the existence of an ancient pan-continental river system draining the foreland of Grenville orogen.
Petrophysical characteristics of shale from the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin, northern Canada: permeability, formation factor, and porosity versus pressure
Authors: Katsube T J , Issler D R , Coyner K
Published: April 2014

Permeability, formation factor, and porosity as a function of pressure have been measured on shale samples from different depths and from areas with different sedimentation rates in the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin. Preliminary results indicate that permeabilities
decrease by 1-2 orders of magnitude over effective pressures of 1-50 MPa. Vertical permeability, corrected to subsurface pressure conditions, is strongly correlated with porosity and decreases by a factor of 3 (from 1.5x10-19m2 to 1.9 x10-22 m2) as porosity decreases from 15% to 5%.
Horizontal permeability exceeds vertical permeability by a factor of 2.5 for one of the samples. Effective porosity decreases with pressure (1-50 MPa) from 12.2 to 9.5% and 6.9 to 6.6% for uncemented and cemented shale samples, respectively, a trend consistent with previous studies. Apparent
formation factor (100-200) and true formation factor (80-90) values are low for these shale samples, probably due to their poorly cemented characteristics.
Early land plants from the Late Silurian-Early Devonian of Bathurst Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Authors: Basinger J F , Kotyk M E , Gensel P G
Published: April 2014

Silurian/Devonian (Ludlow to Pragian) rocks of Bathurst Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, have yielded an abundance of well preserved fossil plants, including some of the earliest known land plants. Pre-Emsian plants are rare globally, yet represent the
critical early stages in the evolution of vascular land plants. The Bathurst Island fossils now represent the most diverse pre-Emsian flora known from North America. Of additional significance is the discovery of basal parts of plants with attached rooting structures, organs generally unknown for
early land plants.
C-band radar signatures of lithology in arctic environments: preliminary results from Bathurst Island, Northwest Territories
Authors: Budkewitsch P , D'Iorio M A , Harrison J C
Published: April 2014

A variety of sedimentary rock types exposed on Bathurst Island provides a rich test site for examining the effect of radar imaging parameters on radar backscatter. Two bright radar units are examined. One unit corresponds to carbonate rocks of the Eids and Blue
Fiord beds, whereas the other corresponds to a thick sequence of quartz arenites belonging to the Hecla Bay Formation.

Radar backscatter signatures are not unique indices for lithological mapping. They are, however, good indicators of surface roughness, which can be diagnostic of the weathering style of particular rock types in arctic environments. The tone and texture of the radar images define geological radar
units and their distribution reveals a pattern strongly correlated to mapped geological formations and regional structures. In some cases, radar brightness and textural variations can be correlated to specific stratigraphic members. Previously unmapped fault and fold structures are also inferred
from the radar data.
Physiographic setting
Authors: Norris D K
Published: April 2014

The project area is contained within four physiographic regions: the Cordillera, Interior Plains, Arctic Coastal Plain and Arctic Continental Shelf. Elevations range from -200 m at the outer edge of the shelf to greater than 2 km in the Mackenzie Mountains of the
Cordillera. Each of the regions is made up of one or more divisions that correspond in whole or in part to the basic tectonic elements, implying an inherent, underlying structural and stratigraphic control. The area lies entirely within the zone of continuous permafrost. In the Cordilleran Region,
the Wernecke and southern Ogilvie Mountains underwent repeated montane glaciation whereas other areas such as the Old Crow Flats and Pediplain were never glaciated. The Late Wisconsinan Laurentide ice sheet, on the other hand, covered the Interior Plains and Arctic Coastal Plain, including the
continental shelf. It played a major role in blocking and temporarily redirecting the eastward flow of some of the major rivers draining the northern Cordillera.
Geological setting
Authors: Norris D K
Published: April 2014

The project area embraces two genetically and structurally distinct regimes: the relatively undeformed Interior Platform, and the deformed Frontal Belt of the Cordilleran Orogenic System. The supracrustal wedge comprising them tapers eastward and northward, and
rests with profound unconformity on continental crust, except possibly beneath southern Beaufort Sea where it is interpreted to rest upon transitional or oceanic crust.
The wedge is made up of platformal, miogeoclinal and eugeoclinal sedimentary, volcanic and intrusive rocks spanning about 1700 Ma. Regional unconformities, some spectacularly angular, divide it into seven tectonostratigraphic sequences, the very presence or absence of which highlights source areas
and depositional sites in any time interval represented by a given sequence.
Twenty-one tectonic elements or building blocks are defined in the project area, twenty within the orogen and one in the Interior Platform. They are recognized by their structural attributes and by the sequences they contain. Individually, the elements provide basic information on the local
evolutionary history of the project area. Collectively, they reveal the grand design of one of the most mobile segments of the Frontal Belt in Canada. This is especially important because the project area embraces the geological link among the Cordilleran, Innuitian and Alaskan orogens and, in turn,
holds a key to understanding the tectonic evolution of the Arctic Ocean basin.
Proterozoic
Authors: Norris D K , Dyke L D
Published: April 2014

The Proterozoic rocks form a major component of the supracrustal wedge in northern Yukon Territory and western District of Mackenzie. They are composed mostly of sedimentary, clastic rocks of lower greenschist facies and rest with profound unconformity upon
crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Hudsonian basement. The composite thickness of the Proterozoic succession is estimated to be between 30 and 35 km, of which about 25 km are exposed.
The Proterozoic succession ranges in age from 1735 to 600 Ma, about twice the time span of the Phanerozoic Eonothem. Four regional unconformities allow its subdivision into three basic tectonostratigraphic sequences, from oldest to youngest: Werneckian (1.7ð1.2 Ga), Inuvikian (1.2ð0.8 Ga), and
Rapitanian (0.8ð0.57 Ga). The sequences are homotaxial with the lower Helikian, upper Helikian and Hadrynian respectively. They are separated by major orogenic or epeirogenic events affecting the northern Cordillera and adjacent Interior Platform. The early record of collisional and extensional
tectonics of this northwest corner of the ancestral North American plate is contained in these Proterozoic rocks.
Cambrian
Authors: Fritz W H
Published: April 2014

The initial Cambrian record in most of the project area consists of medial BonniaðOlenellus Zone and younger Lower Cambrian strata overlying a Precambrian surface of various ages. The Richardson Trough came into existence during an Early Cambrian transgression,
and continued to function as a negative entity, separating the Mackenzie Platform to the east from the Yukon Block to the west. On the Mackenzie Platform, a thin Lower and Middle Cambrian clastic succession (Macdougal Group) is overlain by Upper Cambrian and younger dolostone (Franklin Mountain
Formation). The Richardson Trough contains Lower Cambrian limestone (Illtyd Formation, new name) that grades upward though massive mounds into Middle? and Upper Cambrian basinal platy limestone and shale (Road River Formation). In the Yukon Block, siltstone and clean, thick bedded Lower Cambrian
limestone of the Illtyd Formation is overlain by Middle Cambrian fine to coarse grained clastics of the Slats Creek Formation (new name). Slats Creek deposition reflects block faulting, whereas the overlying Taiga Formation (new name), comprising Middle and lower Upper Cambrian clastics and
carbonates, represents the process of a return to more uniform depositional conditions. The Taiga Formation is overlain by an unnamed thick succession of Upper Cambrian through Lower Devonian clean carbonates ( Db), not unlike the clean carbonate within the Illtyd Formation below. The BritishðBarn
Trough is north of the Yukon Block, and separated from it by the Kaltag Fault. There the Cambrian is within a poorly dated succession of volcanics and basinal clastics. The volcanics can be lithologically correlated with strata in Alaska which contain Lower and Upper Cambrian fossils. Recent
reconnaissance mapping has outlined several areas underlain by basinal argillites containing Lower(?) Cambrian trace fossils. In the southern part of the region, outcrops which have been mapped as Road River Formation may contain some Cambrian strata.
Devonian
Authors: Norris A W
Published: April 2014

During Early and Middle Devonian time, carbonate successions were deposited on the Mackenzie Platform in the east, on the Yukon Stable Block in the west, and on two small isolated platforms: the White Mountains Platform in the north and the Royal Mountain
Platform in the south. During the same time interval, successions consisting largely of shale were deposited in the central Richardson Trough and in the peripheral Blackstone, Selwyn, Hazen and Rapid troughs.
The Lower and Middle Devonian successions on the Mackenzie Platform consist of the Unnamed carbonate unit, along with the Cranswick, Hume, and Hare Indian formations. Slope deposits comprising a tongue of the Road River Formation and the Mount Baird Formation are transitional between the Mackenzie
Platform and Richardson Trough. On the Yukon Stable Block in the west, the carbonate succession consists of the Kutchin and Ogilvie formations and an Unnamed shale unit. A succession showing a fluctuation between basinal shale and carbonate platform deposits comprises the Road River and Michelle
formations in the Blackstone Trough, and the Ogilvie Formation and the Unnamed shale unit on the Yukon Stable Block. During the same interval, deeper water sediments of the Road River Formation were deposited in the troughs.
The uppermost Middle and Upper Devonian successions are completely different from older Devonian sedimentary rocks, comprising the Canol, Imperial and Tuttle formations. The upper Middle Devonian Canol Formation is a widespread dark euxinic shale which is locally separated from underlying rock units
by an unconformity. The succeeding Upper Devonian Imperial and Tuttle formations consist of fine to coarse grained clastic rocks of turbidite origin derived from an uplifted area in the north. The Tuttle Formation capping the succession is dated by spores as latest Late Devonian and Early
Carboniferous.
Jurassic
Authors: Poulton T P
Published: April 2014

The Jurassic rocks of northern Yukon and westernmost Northwest Territories are entirely marine sedimentary strata deposited in a somewhat unstable epicratonic shelf setting at what was then the northwestern corner of the North American continent. The eastern and
southeastern facies comprise a series of superposed sandstone and shale sequences which are thicker, more argillaceous, and more complete (in terms of the time they represent) to the west and northwest. They comprise the Bug Creek Group, and the Husky and Porcupine River formations. Disconformities
between these sequences increase in number and magnitude toward the stable craton to the southeast and east. Thickness and facies trends suggest point sources for the introduction of sediment supply to the marine shelf environment, and redistribution on the shelf by marine currents. The sediment
sources migrated southward through the Jurassic, in association with increased southward and southeastward episodic transgression of the craton. Equivalent strata to the west and northwest are in an entirely siltstone and shale facies, the Kingak Formation. Every stage of the Jurassic, and 33 fossil
zones, are indicated by diagnostic ammonites or bivalves.