bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate variability over the last 92 ka in SW Balkans from analysis of sediments from Lake Prespa
Authors: Panagiotopoulos K. , Böhm A. , Leng M. J. , Wagner B. , Schäbitz F.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. The transboundary Lake Prespa (Albania/former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia/Greece) has been recognized as a conservation priority wetland. The high biodiversity encountered in the catchment at present points to the refugial character of this mountainous region in the southwestern Balkans. A lake sediment core retrieved from a coring location in the northern part of the lake was investigated through sedimentological, geochemical, and palynological analyses. Based on tephrochronology, radiocarbon and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating, and cross correlation with other Northern Hemisphere records, the age model suggests that the basal part of core Co1215 reaches back to 92 ka cal BP. Here we present the responses of this mid-altitude site (849 m a.s.l.) to climate oscillations during this interval and assess its sensitivity to millennial-scale variability. Endogenic calcite precipitation occurred in marine isotope stages (MIS) 5 and 1 and is synchronous with periods of increased primary production (terrestrial and/or lacustrine). Periods of pronounced phytoplankton blooms (inferred from green algae and dinoflagellate concentrations) are recorded in MIS 5 and MIS 1 and suggest that the trophic state and lake levels underwent substantial fluctuations. Three major phases of vegetation development are distinguished: the forested phases of MIS 5 and MIS 1 dominated by deciduous trees with higher temperatures and moisture availability, the open landscapes of MIS 3 with significant presence of temperate trees, and the pine-dominated open landscapes of MIS 4 and MIS 2 with lower temperatures and moisture availability. Our findings suggest significant changes in forest cover and landscape openness, as well as in the properties of the vegetation belts (composition and distribution) over the period examined. The study area most likely formed the upper limit of several drought-sensitive trees (temperate tree refugium) at these latitudes in the Mediterranean mountains.
Intercomparison of four remote-sensing-based energy balance methods to retrieve surface evapotranspiration and water stress of irrigated fields in semi-arid climate
Authors: Chirouze J. , Boulet G. , Jarlan L. , Fieuzal R. , Rodriguez J. C. , Ezzahar J. , Er-Raki S. , Bigeard G. , Merlin O. , Garatuza-Payan J. , Watts C. , Chehbouni G.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Instantaneous evapotranspiration rates and surface water stress levels can be deduced from remotely sensed surface temperature data through the surface energy budget. Two families of methods can be defined: the contextual methods, where stress levels are scaled on a given image between hot/dry and cool/wet pixels for a particular vegetation cover, and single-pixel methods, which evaluate latent heat as the residual of the surface energy balance for one pixel independently from the others. Four models, two contextual (S-SEBI and a modified triangle method, named VIT) and two single-pixel (TSEB, SEBS) are applied over one growing season (December–May) for a 4 km × 4 km irrigated agricultural area in the semi-arid northern Mexico. Their performance, both at local and spatial standpoints, are compared relatively to energy balance data acquired at seven locations within the area, as well as an uncalibrated soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer (SVAT) model forced with local in situ data including observed irrigation and rainfall amounts. Stress levels are not always well retrieved by most models, but S-SEBI as well as TSEB, although slightly biased, show good performance. The drop in model performance is observed for all models when vegetation is senescent, mostly due to a poor partitioning both between turbulent fluxes and between the soil/plant components of the latent heat flux and the available energy. As expected, contextual methods perform well when contrasted soil moisture and vegetation conditions are encountered in the same image (therefore, especially in spring and early summer) while they tend to exaggerate the spread in water status in more homogeneous conditions (especially in winter). Surface energy balance models run with available remotely sensed products prove to be nearly as accurate as the uncalibrated SVAT model forced with in situ data.
A reliability assessment of physical vulnerability of reinforced concrete walls loaded by snow avalanches
Authors: Favier P. , Bertrand D. , Eckert N. , Naaim M.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Snow avalanches are a threat to many kinds of elements (human beings, communication axes, structures, etc.) in mountain regions. For risk evaluation, the vulnerability assessment of civil engineering structures such as buildings and dwellings exposed to avalanches still needs to be improved. This paper presents an approach to determine the fragility curves associated with reinforced concrete (RC) structures loaded by typical avalanche pressures and provides quantitative results for different geometrical configurations. First, several mechanical limit states of the RC wall are defined using classical engineering approaches (Eurocode 2), and the pressure of structure collapse is calculated from the usual yield line theory. Next, the fragility curve is evaluated as a function of avalanche loading using a Monte Carlo approach, and sensitivity studies (Sobol indices) are conducted to estimate the respective weight of the RC wall model inputs. Finally, fragility curves and relevant indicators such a their mean and fragility range are proposed for the different structure boundary conditions analyzed. The influence of the input distributions on the fragility curves is investigated. This shows the wider fragility range and/or the slight shift in the median that has to be considered when a possible slight change in mean/standard deviation/inter-variable correlation and/or the non-Gaussian nature of the input distributions is accounted for.
IODP Expedition 302, Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX): A First Look at the Cenozoic Paleoceanography of the Central Arctic Ocean
Authors: Backman J. , Moran K. , McInroy D. ,   the IODP Expedition 302 Scientists
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.22 04/iodp.sd.1.02.2005
Scientific Drilling Into the San Andreas Fault Zone – An Overview of SAFOD's First Five Years
Authors: Zoback M. , Hickman S. , Ellsworth W. ,   the SAFOD Science Team
Published: March 2014

The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) was drilled to study the physical and chemical processes controlling faulting and earthquake generation along an active, plate-bounding fault at depth. SAFOD is located near Parkfield, California and penetrates a section of the fault that is moving due to a combination of repeating microearthquakes and fault creep. Geophysical logs define the San Andreas Fault Zone to be relatively broad (~200 m), containing several discrete zones only 2–3 m wide that exhibit very low P- and S-wave velocities and low resistivity. Two of these zones have progressively deformed the cemented casing at measured depths of 3192 m and 3302 m. Cores from both deforming zones contain a pervasively sheared, cohesionless, foliated fault gouge that coincides with casing deformation and explains the observed extremely low seismic velocities and resistivity. These cores are being now extensively tested in laboratories around the world, and their composition, deformation mechanisms, physical properties, and rheological behavior are studied. Downhole measurements show that within 200 m (maximum) of the active fault trace, the direction of maximum horizontal stress remains at a high angle to the San Andreas Fault, consistent with other measurements. The results from the SAFOD Main Hole, together with the stress state determined in the Pilot Hole, are consistent with a strong crust/weak fault model of the San Andreas. Seismic instrumentation has been deployed to study physics of faulting – earthquake nucleation, propagation, and arrest – in order to test how laboratory-derived concepts scale up to earthquakes occurring in nature.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.11.02.2011
SAFOD Phase III Core Sampling and Data Management at the Gulf Coast Repository
Authors: Weymer B. , Firth J. , Rumford P. , Chester F. , Chester J. , Lockner D.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.11.06.2011
Postglacial Fault Drilling in Northern Europe: Workshop in Skokloster, Sweden
Authors: Kukkonen I. T. , Ask M. V. S. , Olesen O.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.11.08.2011
IODP Expedition 325: Great Barrier Reefs Reveals Past Sea-Level, Climate and Environmental Changes Since the Last Ice Age
Authors: Yokoyama Y. , Webster J. M. , Cotterill C. , Braga J. C. , Jovane L. , Mills H. , Morgan S. , Suzuki A. ,   the IODP Expedition 325 Scientists
Published: March 2014

The timing and courses of deglaciations are key components in understanding the global climate system. Cyclic changes in global climate have occurred, with growth and decay of high latitude ice sheets, for the last two million years. It is believed that these fluctuations are mainly controlled by periodic changes to incoming solar radiation due to the changes in Earth’s orbit around the sun. However, not all climate variations can be explained by this process, and there is the growing awareness of the important role of internal climate feedback mechanisms. Understanding the nature of these feedbacks with regard to the timing of abrupt global sea-level and climate changes is of prime importance. The tropical ocean is one of the major components of the feedback system, and hence reconstructions of temporal variations in sea-surface conditions will greatly improve our understanding of the climate system. The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 325 drilled 34 holes across 17 sites in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia to recover fossil coral reef deposits. The main aim of the expedition was to understand the environmental changes that occurred during the last ice age and subsequent deglaciation, and more specifically (1) establish the course of sea-level change, (2) reconstruct the oceanographic conditions, and (3) determine the response of the reef to these changes. We recovered coral reef deposits from water depths down to 126 m that ranged in age from 9,000 years to older than 30,000 years ago. Given that the interval of the dated materials covers several paleoclimatologically important events, including the Last Glacial Maximum, we expect that ongoing scientific analyses will fulfill the objectives of the expedition.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.12.04.2011
IODP Expedition 328: Early Results of Cascadia Subduction Zone ACORK Observatory
Authors: Davis E. , Heesemann M. ,   the IODP Expedition 328 Scientists and Engineers
Published: March 2014

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 328 was devoted to the installation of an "Advanced CORK" (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit) in the Cascadia subduction zone accretionary prism to observe the physical state and properties of the formation as they are influenced by long-term and episodic deformation and by gas hydrate accumulation. Pressures are monitored at four levels on the outside of a standard 10 3/4-inch casing string, two above and two below the base of the gas-hydrate stability zone at 230 mbsf (m below seafloor). The casing was sealed at the bottom, leaving the inside open down to 302 mbsf for installation of a tilt meter, seismometer, and thermistor cable (scheduled for 2013). The initial data, recovered in July 2011, document an initially smooth recovery from the drilling perturbation followed by what may be a sequence of hole-collapse events. Pressure at the deepest screen is roughly 40 kPa above hydrostatic; higher pressures (80 kPa) are observed at the two screens close to the level of hydrate stability. Tidal variations at the deepest screen are in phase with ocean tides, and define a loading efficiency of 0.6, which is reasonable in light of the consolidation state of the for-mation (porosity ~0.5). Tidal signals near the level of gas hydrate stability display large phase lags, probably as a consequence of hydraulic diffusion stimulated by the large contrast in interstitial fluid compressibility at the gas-hydrate boundary. The degree of isolation among the screens, the anticipated good coupling, and the estimated strain-to-pressure conversion efficiency (~5 kPa μstrain−1) indicate that this installation will serve well to host a variety of hydrologic, seismic, and geodynamic experiments.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.13.02.2011
IODP Expedition 327 and Atlantis Expedition AT 18-07: Observatories and Experiments on the Eastern Flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge
Authors: Fischer A. T. , Tsuji T. , Petronotis K. , Wheat C. G. , Becker K. , Clark J. F. , Cowen J. , Edwards K. , Jannasch H. ,   the IODP Expedition 327,   Atlantis Expedition AT18-07 Shipboard Paries
Published: March 2014

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 327 (summer 2010) was designed to resolve the nature of fluid-rock interactions in young, upper volcanic crust on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Expedition 327 drilled, cased and cored two new basement holes, conducted hydrogeologic experiments, and installed subseafloor borehole observatories (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kits, CORKs). These CORKs were intended to allow borehole conditions to recover to a more natural state after the dissipation of disturbances caused by drilling, casing, and other operations; provide a long-term monitoring and sampling presence for determining fluid pressure, temperature, composition, and microbiology; and facilitate the completion of active experiments to resolve crustal hydrogeologic conditions and processes. Expedition 327 was followed (summer 2011) by R/V Atlantis Expedition AT18-07, with the remotely-operated vehicle (ROV) Jason, to service these CORKs, collect subseafloor pressure data, recover and deploy autonomous fluid and microbial samplers, collect large volumes of borehole fluids, and initiate a cross-hole hydrogeologic experiment using an electromagnetic flow meter. In addition, Atlantis Expedition AT18-07 refurbished an old CORK that could not be replaced during IODP Expedition 327, completing a critical part of the three-dimensional observation network that is currently being used to monitor a large-scale, directional formation response to long-term fluid flow from the crust.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.13.01.2011
Umbria-Marche Basin, Central Italy: A Reference Section for the Aptian-Albian Interval at Low Latitudes
Authors: Coccioni R. , Jovane L. , Bancalà G. , Bucci C. , Fauth G. , Frontalini F. , Janikian L. , Savian J. , Paes de Almeida R. , Mathias G. L. , Ferreira da Trindade R. I.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi::10.2204/iodp.sd.13.07.2011
CORK-Lite: Bringing Legacy Boreholes Back to Life
Authors: Wheat C. G. , Edwards K. J. , Pettigrew T. , Jannasch H. W. , Becker K. , Davis E. E. , Villinger H. , Bach W.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.14.05.2012
The Towuti Drilling Project: Paleoenvironments, Biological Evolution, and Geomicrobiology of a Tropical Pacific Lake
Authors: Russell J. , Bijaksana S.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.14.11.2012
Scientific Drilling in the Basin of Mexico to Evaluate Climate History, Hydrological Resources, and Seismic and Volcanic Hazards
Authors: Brown E. T. , Werne J. P. , Lozano-García S. , Caballero M. , Ortega-Guerrero B. , Cabral-Cano E. , Valero-Garces B. L. , Schwalb A. , Arciniega-Ceballos A.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.14.12.2012
IODP Expedition 334: An Investigation of the Sedimentary Record, Fluid Flow and State of Stress on Top of the Seismogenic Zone of an Erosive Subduction Margin
Authors: Vannucchi P. , Ujiie K. , Stroncik N. ,   the IODP Exp. 334 Scientific Party
Published: March 2014

The Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project (CRISP) is an experiment to understand the processes that control nucleation and seismic rupture of large earthquakes at erosional subduction zones. Integrated Ocean Drililng Program (IODP) Expedition 334 by R/V JOIDES Resolution is the first step toward deep drilling through the aseismic and seismic plate boundary at the Costa Rica subduction zone offshore the Osa Peninsula where the Cocos Ridge is subducting beneath the Caribbean plate. Drilling operations included logging while drilling (LWD) at two slope sites (Sites U1378 and U1379) and coring at three slope sites (Sites U1378–1380) and at one site on the Cocos plate (Site U1381). For the first time the lithology, stratigraphy, and age of the slope and incoming sediments as well as the petrology of the subducting Cocos Ridge have been characterized at this margin. The slope sites recorded a high sediment accumulation rate of 160–1035m m y−1 possibly caused by on-land uplift triggered by the subduction of the Cocos Ridge. The geochemical data as well as the in situ temperature data obtained at the slope sites suggest that fluids are transported from greater depths. The geochemical profiles at Site U1381 reflect diffusional communication of a fluid with seawater-like chemistry and the igneous basement of the Cocos plate (Solomon et al., 2011; Vannucchi et al., 2012a). The present-day in situ stress orientation determined by borehole breakouts at Site U1378 in the middle slope and Site U1379 in the upper slope shows a marked change in stress state within ~12 km along the CRISP transect; that may correspond to a change from compression (middle slope) to extension (upper slope).

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.15.03.2013
The Motion Decoupled Delivery System: A New Deployment System for Downhole Tools is Tested at the New Jersey Margin
Authors: Flemings P. B. , Polito P. J. , Pettigrew T. L. , Iturrino G. J. , Meissner E. , Aduddell R. , Brooks D. L. , Hetmaniak C. , Huey D. , Germaine J. T. ,   the IODP Expedition 342 Scientists
Published: March 2014

The Motion Decoupled Hydraulic Delivery System (MDHDS) is a new downhole tool delivery system that is deployed by wireline and uses drillstring pressure to advance a penetrometer (or other downhole tool) into the formation at the bottom of offshore boreholes. After hydraulic deployment of the penetrometer, it is completely decoupled from the BHA; this eliminates the adverse effects of ship heave. We tested the MDHDS at Site U1402 (the location of Site 1073, ODP Leg 174A), offshore New Jersey, during two days of ship time during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 342. In one deployment we emplaced a penetrometer successfully and documented that it was decoupled from drillstring movement. Based on this successful field test, the MDHDS has been certified by the U.S. Implementing Organization (USIO) for shipboard use. The MDHDS will replace the previous deployment system, the Colletted Delivery System. The MDHDS is an IODP-funded engineering development led by The University of Texas at Austin, in conjunction with the USIO and Stress Engineering Services. This sea trial was the culmination of a seven-year development effort that included extensive engineering design and fabrication.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.15.07.2013
Scientific Drilling and Related Research in the Samail Ophiolite, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Kelemen P. , Al Rajhi A. , Godard M. , Ildefonse B. , Köpke J. , MacLeod C. , Manning C. , Michibayashi K. , Nasir S. , Shock E. , Takazawa E. , Teagle D.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.15.10.2013
NanTroSEIZE: The IODP Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment
Authors: Tobin H. J. , Kinoshita M.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.2.06.2006
Rapid Sedimentation, Overpressure, and Focused Fluid Flow, Gulf of Mexico Continental Margin
Authors: Behrmann J. H. , Flemings P. B. , John C. M. ,   the IODP Expedition 308 Scientists
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi::10.2204/iodp.sd.3.03.2006
Stages of Gas-Hydrate Evolution on the Northern Cascadia Margin
Authors: Riedel M. , Collett T. S. , Malone M. J. ,   the IODP Expedition 311 Scientists
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.3.04.2006
IODP Expedition 310 Reconstructs Sea Level, Climatic, and Environmental Changes in the South Pacific during the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Camoin G. F. , Iryu Y. , McInroy D. B. ,   the IODP Expedition 310 Scientists
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204 /iodp.sd.5.01.2007
The Second Deep Ice Coring Project at Dome Fuji, Antarctica
Authors: Motoyama H.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.22 04/iodp.sd.5.05.2007
Tenaghi Philippon (Greece) Revisited: Drilling a Continuous Lower-Latitude Terrestrial Climate Archive of the Last 250,000 Years
Authors: Pross J. , Tzedakis P. , Schmiedl G. , Christanis K. , Hooghiemstra H. , Müller U. C. , Kotthoff U. , Kalaitzidis S. , Milner A.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.22 04/iodp.sd.5.06.2007
The CO2SINK Boreholes for Geological Storage Testing
Authors: Prevedel B. , Wohlgemuth L. , Henninges J. , Krüger K. , Norden B. , Förster A. ,   the CO2SINK Drilling Group
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.6.04.2008
The First D/V Chikyu IODP Operations: Successful Logging and Coring During NanTroSEIZE Stage 1 Expeditions
Authors: Kuramoto S. , Curewitz D. , Kyaw Thu M. , Masago H. ,   the Exp. 314, 315, and 316 Science Parties
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.6.05.2008
Marine Impacts and Environmental Consequences – Drilling of the Mjølnir Structure, the Barents Sea
Authors: Dypvik H. , Claeys P. , Deutsch A. , Kyte F. T. , Matsui T. , Smelror M.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.6.09.2008
Drilling the North Anatolian Fault
Authors: Dresen G. , Bohnhoff M. , Aktar M. , Eyidogan H.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.6.10.2008
Scientific Drilling of the Terrestrial Cretaceous Songliao Basin
Authors: Huang Y. , Wang C. ,   the Terrestrial Scientific Drilling of the Cretaceous Songliao Basin Science Team
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.6.11.2008
IODP Expedition 321T: Cementing Operations at Holes U1301A and U1301B, Eastern Flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge
Authors: Fisher A. T. ,   IODP Expedition 321T Scientific Party
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.9.02.2010
Drilling of Early Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a in Southern France
Authors: Flögel S. , Kuhnt W. , Moullade M.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.9.03.2010
New Integrated Data Analyses Software Components
Authors: Conze R. , Krysiak F. , Reed J. , Chen Y.-C. , Wallrabe-Adams H.-J. , Graham C. ,   the New Jersey Shallow Shelf Science Team, Wennrich V. ,   the Lake El'gygytgyn Science Team
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.9.08.2010
IODP Drilling of the "Shackleton Sites" on the Iberian Margin: A Plio-Pleistocene Marine Reference Section of Millennial-Scale Climate Change
Authors: Abrantes F. , Hodell D. , Carrara G. , Batista L. , Duarte H.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.9.10.2010
IODP New Ventures in Exploring Scientific Targets (INVEST): Defining the New Goals of an International Drilling Program
Authors: Bach W. , Ravelo C. , Behrmann J. , Camoin G. , Duncan R. , Edwards K. , Gulick S. , Inagaki F. , Pälike H. , Tada R.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.9.12.2010
Borehole Seismic and Strain Observatories in Seafloor Settings – Experiences after ODP Legs 186, 191, 195 and Future Plans
Authors: Araki E. , Suyehiro K.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.13.2007
Fault Characteristics, Energy Estimates, and Earthquake Recurrence: What One Seismologist Wants from Fault Drilling
Authors: Mori J.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.42.2007
Pore Pressure at Plate Boundaries: Insights from Modeling
Authors: Saffer D.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.32.2007
Drilling the North Anatolian Fault
Authors: Dresen G. , Aktar M. , Bohnhoff M. , Eyidogan H.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.17.2007
Joint IODP-ICDP Workshop Examines Challenges of Fault Zone Drilling
Authors: Tobin H. , Ito H. , Behrmann J. , Hickman S. , Kimura G.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi::10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.80.2007
Drilling Investigations on the Mechanics and Structure of Faults
Authors: Omura K.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.22.2007
Clay Mineral Composition and Diagenesis: Effects on the Location and Behavior of Faults in the Frontal Portions of Subduction Zones
Authors: Underwood M. B.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.19.2007
San Andreas Fault Zone Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Physical Properties from SAFOD Cuttings and Core
Authors: Solum J. G. , Hickman S. , Lockner D. A. , Tembe S. , Evans J. Pl , Draper S. D. , Barton D. C. , Kirschner D. L. , Chester J. S. , Chester F. M. , van der Pluijm B. A. , Schleicher A. M. , Moore D. E. , Morrow C. , Bradbury K. , Calvin W. M. , Wong T.-F.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.34.2007
Real-time Mud Gas Monitoring: A Technique to Obtain Information on the Composition and Distribution of Gases at Depth While Drilling
Authors: Wiersberg T. , Erzinger J.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi::10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.36.2007
Drilling and Completion Challenges in Fault Zones: Lessons Learned from ICDP Projects
Authors: Prevedel B.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.25.2007
Near-surface permeability in a supraglacial drainage basin on the Llewellyn Glacier, Juneau Icefield, British Columbia
Authors: Karlstrom L. , Zok A. , Manga M.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Supraglacial channel networks link time varying melt production and meltwater routing on temperate glaciers. Such channel networks often include components of both surface transport in streams and subsurface porous flow through near-surface ice, firn or snowpack. Although subsurface transport if present will likely control network transport efficacy, it is the most poorly characterized component of the system. We present measurements of supraglacial channel spacing and network properties on the Juneau Icefield, subsurface water table height, and time variation of hydraulic characteristics including diurnal variability in water temperature. We combine these data with modeling of porous flow in weathered ice to infer near-surface permeability. Estimates are based on an observed phase lag between diurnal water temperature variations and discharge, and independently on measurement of water table surface elevation away from a stream. Both methods predict ice permeability on a 1–10 m scale in the range of 10−10–10−11 m2. These estimates are considerably smaller than common parameterizations of surface water flow on bare ice in the literature, as well as smaller than most estimates of snowpack permeability. For supraglacial environments in which porosity/permeability creation in the subsurface is balanced by porous flow of meltwater, our methods provide an estimate of microscale hydraulic properties from observations of supraglacial channel spacing.
Immunocytochemical Characterization of Alzheimer’s Disease Hallmarks in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice Treated with a New Anti-Amyloid-β Vaccine
Authors: Carrera Ivan , Etcheverria Ignacio , Li Yi , Fernandez-Novoa Lucia , Lombardi Valter , Vigo Carmen , Palacios Hector H. , Benberin Valery V. , Cacabelos Ramon , Aliev Gjumrakch
Published: March 2014

Introduction: APP/PS1 double-transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which overexpress mutated forms of the gene for the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1), have provided robust neuropathological hallmarks of an AD-like pattern at early ages. This study aimed to characterize immunocytochemical patterns of the AD mouse brain, which is treated with the EB101 vaccine, as a model for human AD.Material and methods: In this novel vaccine, a new approach has been taken to circumvent past failures with Aβ vaccines by judiciously selecting an adjuvant consisting of a physiological matrix embedded in liposomes, composed of naturally occurring phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cholesterol).Results: Our findings showed that the administration of amyloid-β1−42 (Aβ) and sphingosine-1-phosphate emulsified in liposome complex (EB101) to APP/PS1 mice before the onset of Aβ brain deposition (at 7 weeks of age) and/or at an older age (35 weeks of age) can be effective in both halting the progression and clearing the AD-like neuropathological hallmarks. In addition, passive immunization with EB101 did not activate inflammatory responses from the immune system and astrocytes. Consistent with a decreased inflammatory background, the basal immunological interaction between the T cells and the affected areas (hippocampus) in the brain of treated mice was notably reduced.Conclusion: These results provide strong evidence that immunization with the EB101 vaccine prevents and attenuates AD neuropathology in this type of double-transgenic mice.
Whole genome sequencing of M.tuberculosis in Kazakhstan: preliminary data
Authors: Kairov Ulykbek , Kozhamkulov Ulan , Rakhimova Saule , Askapuli Ayken , Zhabagin Maxat , Bismilda Venera , Chingissova Leyla , Zhumadilov Zhaxybay , Akilzhanova Ainur
Published: March 2014

Background: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem which infects one third of the world’s population, resulting in more than two million deaths every year. The emergence of whole genome sequencing (WGS) technologies as a primary research tool has allowed for the detection of genetic diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) with unprecedented resolution. WGS has been used to address a broad range of topics, including the dynamics of evolution, transmission, and treatment. To our knowledge, studies involving WGS of Kazakhstani strains of M. tuberculosis have not yet been performed.Aim: To perform whole genome sequencing of M. tuberculosis strains isolated in Kazakhstan and analyze sequence data (first experience and preliminary data).Results: In the present report, we announce the whole-genome sequences of the two clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTB-489 and MTB-476, isolated from the Almaty region. These strains were part of a repository that was created during our project “Creating prerequisites of personalized approach in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, based on whole genome-sequencing of M. tuberculosis”. Two strains were isolated from sputum samples of patients P1 and P2. Phenotypically, two isolates were drug-susceptible M. tuberculosis. Sequence data was compared with the publicly available data on M. tuberculosis laboratory strain H37Rv and others. The sequencing of the strains was performed on a Roche 454 GS FLX+ next-generation sequencing platform using a standard protocol for a shotgun genome library. The whole genome sequencing was performed for two M.tuberculosis isolates MTB-476 and MTB-489. 96 M bp with an average read length of 520 bp, approximately 21.8X coverage and 104.2 M bp with an average read length of 589 bp and approximately 23.7X coverage were generated for the MTB-476 and MTB-489, respectively. The genome of MTB-476 consists of 257 contigs, 4204 CDS, 46 tRNAs and 3 rRNAs. MTB-489 has 187 contigs, 4183 CDS, 45 tRNAs and 3rRNAs.Conclusion: The results of genome assembling have been submitted into NCBI GenBank and are available for public access under the accession numbers AZBA00000000 and AZAZ00000000. These genome assemblies can be useful for comparative genome analysis and for identification of novel SNPs and gene variants in genomes of M.tuberculosis.
The influence of transport infrastructures on land-use conversion decisions within municipal plans
Authors: Padeiro Miguel
Published: March 2014

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is one of the most popular means of public intervention in the field of spatial planning, which aims at reducing land consumption caused by urban sprawl. In this paper, a logit model is computed to assess whether the Municipal Master Plans approved during the 1990s in the Lisbon region (Portugal), currently in force, contemplated public transit stations as a relevant requirement for the location of the planned urban expansion areas and, more specifically, for the conversion of non-urban areas to artificialized areas. It is shown that TOD was not taken as a preferential approach, suggesting that there may be at the outset an inherent resistance to public injunctions on limiting land-use conversion, regardless of other obstacles frequently mentioned.
Prescribing Positivism: The Dawn of Nietzsche's Hippocratism
Authors: Mann Joel E.
Published: March 2014

As a classical philologist, Nietzsche was extremely familiar with the work of many ancient Greek writers. It is well known that Nietzsche made a practice of identifying with and praising ancient thinkers with whom he felt a kinship. It is worth investigating, then, whether Nietzsche's mention of Hippocrates in D signals a sustained interest in the so-called father of medicine. I argue that there is no evidence that Nietzsche paid special attention to Hippocrates or the Hippocratic corpus. Instead, Nietzsche's curious allusion to Hippocrates is likely influenced in part by his reading of the Comtean positivist Émile Littré. Finally, I argue that if Nietzsche is consciously “Hippocratic” at all, he is so in virtue of the “medical posture” he adopts in D, where Nietzsche's remarks suggest his mission is to relieve humankind of the psychological suffering caused by morality.
Misunderstanding Epicurus? A Nietzschean Identification
Authors: Shearin Wilson H.
Published: March 2014

This article considers aspects of Nietzsche's identification with the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus, focusing in particular upon how Epicurus's antiteleology (his denial of an ultimate metaphysical principle) was significant for Nietzsche's views on religion and knowledge. I make a case for the claim that Nietzsche's practice of philosophy, specifically his perspectivism, was influenced by Epicurus's practice of multiple explanations, a form of scientific explanation rooted in ethics and antiteleology. In conclusion, I examine the ways in which Nietzsche's manner of reading Epicurus may cause us to revise our interpretations of not only the Greek thinker but also elements of Nietzsche's own identification with that thinker.
Rationing Access to Protected Natural Areas: An Australian Case Study
Authors: Fleming Christopher M. , Manning Matthew
Published: March 2014

In Australia, as in many other parts of the world, open access is the default policy setting for most protected natural areas, including World Heritage Sites. This is despite considerable evidence that unrestrained levels of visitation can be unsustainable in terms of the impact on the environment and recreational experience. This paper seeks to answer two questions. First, to what extent are visitors willing to forego access to publicly owned protected natural areas in order to ensure less crowding and/or better environmental outcomes? And second, if access were restricted, how would visitors like remaining access rights to be allocated? The results show that visitors are, in general, willing to trade off some degree of access rights for better environmental outcomes and reduced crowding; particularly the former. It is clear that peak pricing is not supported, whereas visitor caps have broad support.
Questionnaires and scales for the evaluation of the online sexual activities: A review of 20 years of research
Authors: Eleuteri Stefano , Tripodi Francesca , Petruccelli Irene , Rossi Roberta , Simonelli Chiara
Published: March 2014

An increasing number of people use the Internet for Online Sexual Activities (OSA). This sexual revolution has resulted in both positive and negative aspects, enriching sexual functioning but also providing other risks for criminal, negative and harmful sexual conducts, or Online Sexual Problems (OSP). A deeper understanding of Internet sexuality is therefore important for practitioners who work in the psychological and sexological fields. Current studies on Internet sexuality span a broad spectrum with respect to data collection: interviews, questionnaires, observations, content analyses and Internet log file recordings have all been used. The aim of this paper is to offer the most complete overview of these instruments focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of different tools currently available to assess different dimensions of OSA, and to suggest a simple screener for OSP. A systematic search of published online sexual activities inventories was performed using PsychInfo and Pubmed (1993 to July 2013). Although many of them are adequate for their own purposes, our review revealed a lack of standardized, internationally (culturally) accepted tools that are epidemiologically validated in general populations and that can be used to investigate OSA and to assess OSP. The definitions of OSA and OSP continue to change and basic tools are essential to have a broader idea of the phenomenon and of the challenges and possibilities emerging from the double link between the Internet and sexuality. More accurate instruments are also necessary to help advanced clinical diagnosis and treatment for OSP.
Planning for pleasure: Time patterns in the use of Internet forums of female sex workers' clients in Germany
Authors: Langanke Harriet , Månsson Sven-Axel , Ross Michael W.
Published: March 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the temporal usage of seven sex workers’ clients’ (johns’) German Internet forums. Data covering the years 2008 to 2010 and showing monthly, daily and hourly usage were gained through different log file analysis tools. Three different focus groups discussed the results. One focus group was made up by users of johns’ forums, one group by female sex workers and another one by social workers. Data analysis revealed that johns frequent their web-forums mostly on late Monday afternoons, preferably between 5 p.m. and 6 p.m. According to the focus groups’ discussions, this distinct time frame appears to be substantially based on the johns’ intention to plan their activities in commercial sex.
Psoriasis remission after gastric bypass surgery: a case report
Authors: De Pità Ornella , Lupi Francesca , Cianchini Giuseppe
Published: March 2014

Case reports suggest that gastric bypass surgery in patients with psoriasis may result in complete remission of the disease. A substantial weight loss is achieved in the months following surgery, which is likely to reduce psoriasis symptoms and risk of comorbidities. A 50-year-old man was followed in our Department for several years. He had severe plaque psoriasis requiring superpotent topical steroids and methotrexate. His medical history included morbid obesity (138 kg), dyslipidemia , hypertension and positive family history for psoriasis. He underwent gastric bypass surgery on November 2011. Eight months later, his weight decreased to 86 kg, and he noted a marked improvement in his psoriasis, with reduction of body surface area involvement. In our opinion weight loss may be a useful adjunctive therapy for obese patients with psoriasis.
Pelvic Floor Disorders and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mahajan Sangeeta T. , James Rebecca , Frasure Heidi
Published: March 2014

Background: Despite recent efforts to educate multiple sclerosis (MS) health-care providers about the importance of pelvic floor disorders (urinary, bowel, and sexual dysfunction), no data are currently available to assess outcomes of these efforts in terms of patient satisfaction.

Methods: As part of the fall 2010 North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis survey, we conducted a prospective, survey-based cohort study (N = 14,268) to evaluate patient satisfaction with the current evaluation and treatment of pelvic floor disorders. Patients were queried about 1) bother from bladder, bowel, or sexual symptoms; 2) whether they had been evaluated by a health-care provider for pelvic floor issues in the last 12 months; and 3) satisfaction with the evaluation and treatment they received, on a 5-point Likert scale. Patients were also asked whether these treatments had affected their quality of life (7-point Likert scale).

Results: A total of 9397 responses were received (response rate of 65.9%); respondents were primarily white (89%) and female (77.4%). Moderate-to-severe pelvic floor symptoms were reported by one-third of patients (bladder, 41%; bowel, 30%; sexual, 42%). Most respondents had been asked about bladder (61%) or bowel (50%) issues by their health-care providers, but only 20% had been queried about sexual dysfunction. Most respondents were moderately to very satisfied with the management of their bladder and bowel disorders but significantly less satisfied with that of sexual dysfunction.

Conclusions: While MS patients are generally satisfied with current management of bladder and bowel dysfunction, improvement is needed in that of sexual dysfunction.
Nurses’ Perspective on Approaches to Limit Flu-Like Symptoms During Interferon Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Filipi Mary L. , Beavin Jill , Brillante Raquel T. , Costello Kathleen , Hartley Gail C. , Hartley Kay , Namey Marie , O'Leary Shirley , Remington Gina
Published: March 2014

Background: Several interferon beta (IFNβ) formulations are approved for first-line use as disease-modifying therapies to treat patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Systemic post-injection reactions, often termed flu-like symptoms (FLS), occur in approximately half of all patients treated with IFNβs and can affect adherence to therapy. These symptoms, which include pyrexia, chills, malaise, myalgia, and headaches, usually resolve within 24 hours or persist intermittently following each injection. Because FLS, which usually occur early in the treatment course and diminish over time, are a primary cause of nonadherence to IFNβ therapy, it is important to employ strategies that can attenuate these side effects.

Methods: To identify interventions effective in limiting FLS, a panel of United States–based nurses with expertise in MS patient care was convened and a literature review completed.

Results: Panel consensus was reached on specific interventions that can attenuate FLS. These prevention and mitigation strategies include dose titration, analgesia, and optimal injection timing, as well as other techniques that panel members have found useful in their clinical practice experience.

Conclusions: These measures, in addition to effective patient education, will help to reduce the incidence of FLS secondary to IFNβ therapy, improve patient medication adherence, and positively affect long-term clinical outcomes.
Interest in Providing Multiple Sclerosis Care and Subspecializing in Multiple Sclerosis Among Neurology Residents
Authors: Halpern Michael T. , Teixeira-Poit Stephanie , Kane Heather L. , Frost A. Corey , Keating Michael , Olmsted Murrey
Published: March 2014

Background: Although detailed knowledge regarding treatment options for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is largely limited to neurologists, shortages in the neurologist workforce, including MS subspecialists, are predicted. Thus, MS patients may have difficulties in gaining access to appropriate care. No systematic evaluation has yet been performed of the number of neurology residents planning to pursue MS subspecialization. This study identifies factors affecting interest in providing MS patient care or MS subspecialization among current neurology residents.

Methods: We randomly selected half of all Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education–certified neurology residency programs in the continental United States to receive the neurology resident survey. Completed surveys were received from 218 residents.

Results: Residents were significantly more likely to have increased interest in MS care when they participated in MS research, were interested in teaching, and indicated that the “ability to improve patient outcomes and quality of life” was a positive factor influencing their desire to provide MS patient care. Residents who were interested in providing MS care, interested in teaching, and indicated that “research opportunities” was a positive factor for providing MS patient care were significantly more likely to express interest in MS subspecialization.

Conclusions: Increasing opportunities to interact with MS patients, learn about MS care, and participate in MS research may increase interest in MS care and subspecialization among neurology residents. Opportunities to educate residents regarding MS patient care may affect residents’ attitudes.
Comparing Two Conditions of Administering the Six-Minute Walk Test in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sandroff Brian M. , Pilutti Lara A. , Dlugonski Deirdre , Learmonth Yvonne C. , Pula John H. , Motl Robert W.
Published: March 2014

Objective: This quasi-experimental study was conducted to determine whether differences existed in the total distance walked and energy expended between two conditions of administering the 6-Minute Walk test (6MW) across different levels of disability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: The sample comprised 160 individuals with MS. One group of participants (n = 82) completed a 6MW while wearing a portable metabolic unit (K4b2, Cosmed, Italy) in a square hallway with four corridors and performing 90° turns. Another group (n = 78) completed a 6MW while wearing the same metabolic unit in a single corridor and performing 180° turns. Main outcome measures included total distance walked (in feet) and oxygen consumption (in milliliters per minute) expressed as 30-second averages for 1 minute before the 6MW and over the entire 6MW. Disability status was assessed using the Patient-Determined Disease Steps scale.

Results: Participants undertaking the 6MW in a single corridor (1412 ft) walked 37 ft (2.7%) farther than those undertaking the test in a square hallway (1375 ft), but this difference was not statistically significant (F = 0.45, P = .51). Those completing the 6MW in a single corridor expended more energy than those completing the 6MW in the square hallway with four corridors (F = 3.41, P < .01).

Conclusions: Either protocol is acceptable, but researchers should be aware of the additional physiological demands when administering the 6MW in a single corridor with 180° turns.