bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual-frequency optical-microwave atomic clocks based on cesium atoms
Authors: Shi Tiantian , Wei Qiang , Qin Xiaomin , Liu Zhenfeng , Chen Kunkun , Cao Shiying , Shi Hangbo , Liu Zijie , Chen Jingbiao
Published: June 2024

133Cs, the only stable cesium (Cs) isotope, is one of the most investigated elements in atomic spectroscopy and was used to realize the atomic clock in 1955. Among all atomic clocks, the cesium atomic clock has a special place, since the current unit of time is based on a microwave transition in the Cs atom. In addition, the long lifetime of the 6P3/2 state and simple preparation technique of Cs vapor cells have great relevance to quantum and atom optics experiments, which suggests the use of the 6S−6P D2 transition as an optical frequency standard. In this work, using one laser as the local oscillator and Cs atoms as the quantum reference, we realize two atomic clocks at the optical and microwave frequencies. Both clocks can be freely switched or simultaneously output. The optical clock, based on the vapor cell, continuously operated with a frequency stability of 3.9×10−13 at 1 s, decreasing to 2.2×10−13 at 32 s, which was frequency-stabilized by modulation transfer spectroscopy and estimated by an optical comb. Then, applying this stabilized laser to an optically pumped Cs beam atomic clock to reduce the laser frequency noise, we obtained a microwave clock with a frequency stability of 1.8×10−12/τ, reaching 6×10−15 at 105  s. This study demonstrates an attractive feature for the commercialization and deployment of optical and microwave clocks, and will guide the further development of integrated atomic clocks with better stability. Therefore, this study holds significant practical implications for future applications in satellite navigation, communication, and timing.
Peripheral hemodynamic correlation changes in mice with vascular calcification using NIRS imaging approach
Authors: Dahal Aasma , Leizaola Daniela , Nazir Faiza , Dargam Valentina , Hutcheson Joshua , Godavarty Anuradha
Published: June 2024

Hemodynamic correlation maps were obtained from the murine tail using NIRS imaging approach in response to vascular occlusion. These correlation maps differed in mice with chronic kidney disease (CKD) from those with CKD-induced vascular calcification.
Muscle Hemodynamic and Metabolic Response to Blood Flow Restriction
Authors: Verma Manish , Karadeniz Umut , Yaqub M. Atif , Ferrer-Uris Blai , Busquets Albert , Mbuyamba Nathan , Arnold Sjors , Martínez-Reviejo Raquel , Durduran Turgut
Published: June 2024

Hybrid diffuse optical measurements on the calf muscle during different levels of blood flow restriction is presented.
Predicting Cerebral Partial Pathlength and Absorption Changes Using a Deep Learning Model: A Phantom Study
Authors: Wu Jingyi , Dou Jiachen , Kainerstorfer Jana M.
Published: June 2024

We trained a deep learning model for predicting partial-pathlength and absorption changes in the brain. Evaluation on two-layer phantom experiments demonstrated the model’s efficacy in determining the partial-pathlength and absorption changes in the bottom layer.
Time of flight improves depth sampling while reducing data uncertainty in Diffuse Optical Tomography
Authors: Zheng Biao , Dale Robin , Eggebrecht Adam , O’Sullivan Thomas , Dehghani Hamid
Published: June 2024

Time of flight measurements are known to provide information regarding optical pathlength and depth in diffuse imaging. Experimental data is shown that it also provides data stability while reducing artifacts due to intensity-only measurements.
Diffuse Optical Metrics of Mitochondrial Complex I Dysfunction in Swine
Authors: Lewis Alistair , Hobson Lucas J. , Lin Yuxi , S.Wulwick Karli , Davis Anthony M. , Sueishi Takayuki , Morton Shannon L. , Morton Sarah , Stumpf Kate , Starr Jonathan P. , Gaudio Hunter , Fagan Nicholas , Kilbaugh Todd J. , Forti Rodrigo M. , Ko Tiffany S. , Yodh Arjun G. , McManus Meagan J. , Baker Wesley B.
Published: June 2024

We compared non-invasive diffuse optical measurements of cerebral oxygen extraction fraction and oxidized cytochrome-c-oxidase against invasive microdialysis measurements of cerebral lactate-to-pyruvate ratio in a swine model of acute mitochondrial complex I dysfunction.
Cytochrome c Oxidase as a Novel Predictor of Resuscitation Success after Cardiac Arrest: Preliminary Data
Authors: Ko Tiffany S. , Senthil Kumaran , Krishna Akshatha , Lewis Alistair , Ranieri Nicolina R. , Seeney Alyssa M. , Hurlock April M. , Goto Rika , Morton Sarah , Gaudio Hunter A. , Silva Luiz Eduardo V. , Yodh Arjun G. , Kilbaugh Todd J. , Morgan Ryan W. , Jang David , Baker Wesley B. , Forti Rodrigo M.
Published: June 2024

We present preliminary measurements of the change in oxidized cytochrome c oxidase concentration in cerebral tissue during asphyxia and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pediatric swine model of asphyxia-associated cardiac arrest.
Image the effect of systemic inflammation on neurovascular coupling in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Liu Chang , Cardenas-Rivera Alfredo , Arnal Jaime Anton , Yaseen Abbas
Published: June 2024

We investigated how systemic inflammation affects vascular response and astrocyte Ca2+ signaling during functional activation in rodent brain using two-photon imaging. We demonstrate that inflammation elevates astrocyte Ca2+ release and changes arteriole diameter.
Physiology and Behavior Monitor for Intravital Imaging in Small Mammals
Authors: Li Yuntao , Cardenas-Rivera Alfredo , Liu Chang , Lu Zhengyi , Yaseen Mohammad A
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate a device that measures pupillary and behavioral signals to observe neural responses in real time, providing complementary information of brain alertness and detecting bulk motion during imaging.
Towards Translational Biomedical Optics in the Philippines
Authors: Perez Phoebe Nicole G.
Published: June 2024

Advancements in biomedical optics have high potential in addressing major diseases. However, limited resources in developing Southeast Asian countries curtail its potential. This paper discusses these challenges along with corresponding avenues for mitigation and progress.
Stochastic Proof by Contradiction Complements Machine-learning-driven Biomarker Discovery in Image Data
Authors: Wadduwage Dushan N.
Published: June 2024

Given image data, machine-learning-based classifiers “discover” biomarkers under the hypothesis they exist; This is suspectable to confirmation bias. Instead, we propose an approach to disprove the null hypothesis of non-existence, countering bias in biomarker discovery.
A comprehensive model of depth-resolved polarization gating imaging
Authors: Fade Julien , Espinas Valentin , Wojak Julien , Zaher Jana , Siozade Laure , Deumié Carole , Da Silva Anabela
Published: June 2024

A simplified Mueller Matrix decomposition model is proposed to describe depth probing of biological tissues using wide-field polarization gating. The model, with elliptically polarized light, facilitates quantitative retrieval of polarization-maintained contributions in gated image measurements amid multiple scattering.
Computer Vision-Assisted OCT for Geometric Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Davis Logan , Fleddermann Roland
Published: June 2024

We combine computer vision techniques with optical coherence tomography to create an automated surface profiling system with optimised scan parameters based on a visual hull. The resultant surfaces approach the resolution limit of the system.
40-nm SPAD-Array Detection System for Ultra-Fast Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Storari V. , Maurina A. A. , Haka H. , Madonini F. , Cusini I. , Villa F.
Published: June 2024

Raman Spectroscopy for protein sequencing requires fast detection systems able to manage fluorescence rejection. We propose a 40-nm SPAD-Array system-on-chip with an integrated gate generation block to time-filter fluorescence photons. Preliminary characterization shows excellent performances.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Assessing Tissue Hemodynamics in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Mostashari Golnar , Quang Timothy , Parker Helen E. , Lovins Dianna , Parekh Dina , Keel Andrew , Conrey Anna , Thein Swee Lay , Tromberg Bruce J.
Published: June 2024

Near infrared spectroscopy was used to quantify tissue hemodynamics in patients with sickle cell disease and compared to ethnic-matched healthy controls. There are significant differences in cerebral and muscle hemodynamics between these cohorts.
Practical Guidelines for the Use of Scaling Relations in Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Maffeis Giulia , Amendola Caterina , Farina Andrea , Spinelli Lorenzo , Torricelli Alessandro , Pifferi Antonio , Sassaroli Angelo , Fanelli Duccio , Tommasi Federico , Martelli Fabrizio
Published: June 2024

We study the applicability of scaling relations for Monte Carlo simulations, presenting concrete cases of use in the biomedical field. We retrieve a practical criterion to define their range of efficiency, mainly focusing on scattering.
A Comprehensive Assessment of the SOLUS Database for Classifying Breast Lesions
Authors: Maffeis Giulia , Pifferi Antonio , Mora Alberto Dalla , Di Sieno Laura , Tosi Alberto , Conca Enrico , Giudice Andrea , Ruggeri Alessandro , Tisa Simone , Flocke Alexander , Rosinski Bogdan , Dinten Jean-Marc , Perriollat Mathieu , Lavaud Jonathan , Arridge Simon , Di Sciacca Giuseppe , Farina Andrea , Panizza Pietro , Venturini Elena , Gordebeke Peter , Taroni Paola
Published: June 2024

We evaluate analytical and artificial intelligence strategies to enhance the informative content of the SOLUS multimodal database (Diffuse Optical Tomography, B-mode ultrasounds, Color-Doppler and Shear Wave Elastography images) to discriminate benign and malignant breast lesions.
Perception of speech structures in six month-old infants: a multimodal study
Authors: Tribak Ibtissam Ghailan , Ciarrusta Judit , Santolin Chiara , Zhang Fen , Mayoral Xavi , Angulo-Chavira Armando Quetzalcóatl , Gervain Judit , Senciales Daniel , Tagliabue Susanna , Can Osman Melih , Yaqub M. Atif , Gallés Núria Sebastian , Durduran Turgut
Published: June 2024

Functional diffuse correlation spectroscopy (fDCS) and electroencephalography (EEG) based platform is implemented to study language perception in six months-old infants for the first time as an infant-friendly multimodal tool for neuroimaging.
NeuroJSON.io — a community portal for sharing neuroimaging and biophotonics public datasets
Authors: Fang Qianqian , Lin Yu-An , Xu Edward
Published: June 2024

We announce a new research data dissemination portal, NeuroJSON.io (https://neurojson.io), dedicated to distributing and curating growing public datasets generated from diverse neuroimaging, including fNIRS, and biophotonics research.
A line-scanning confocal microscope for fast, high-resolution imaging of cleared tissue samples
Authors: Walsh Rylie , Parent Matthew , Hyde Romana , Lutzu Stefano , Rudolph Stephanie , Kumar Abhishek
Published: June 2024

Here we present a newly developed line-scanning confocal microscope that allows imaging large fields of view (up to 20 mm along the sample scan direction), achieving optical sectioning using a virtual slit.
Investigation of skin pigmentation influence on the diffuse reflectance signal and oxygen saturation
Authors: Komolibus Katarzyna , Jayet Baptiste , Stetson Paul , Andersson-Engels Stefan
Published: June 2024

Using Monte Carlo simulations we show the effect of different melanin concentrations in epidermal layer on the diffuse reflectance signal and the relationship of the double ratio with oxygen saturation levels.
Tissue Oxygenation Changes with Debridement in DFUs Using a Smartphone-based NIRS Imaging Device
Authors: Leizaola Daniela , Kaile Kacie , Hernandez Maria Hernandez , Sousa Renato , Ponce Jose P. , Mathis Stanley , Trinidad Alexander L. , Vedere Nikhil , Roy Himaddri S. , Leizaola Manuel I. , Armstrong David G. , Godavarty Anuradha
Published: June 2024

Pre- and post-debridement spatial tissue oxygenation of diabetic foot ulcers were acquired using a smartphone-based NIRS device. Upon removing unviable tissue around the wounds, the tissue oxygenation increased, as objectively observed in this study.
Low-Frequency Oscillations in Cerebral Macro- and Microvascular Perfusion, Oxygenation, and Metabolism in Mild-Cognitive Impairment Patients During Stroop Task
Authors: Kamar Farah , Milej Daniel , Eskandari Rasa , Fitzgibbon-Collins Laura K. , Bhangu Jaspreet , Shoemaker J. Kevin , Lawrence Keith St. , Shoemaker Leena N.
Published: June 2024

Low-frequency oscillations, reflecting neurogenic and myogenic regulation of cerebral vasculature in mild cognitive impairment and cognitively normal participants were recorded with transcranial Doppler, time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy, and diffuse correlation spectroscopy.
Enhancing Computer-Aided Detection of Breast Lesions Using Multi-modal Fusion with Prior-guided Diffuse Optical Tomography
Authors: Singleton Gloria , Xu Edward , Fang Qianqian
Published: June 2024

We report a multi-modal approach for automatically detecting breast lesions, evaluating regions of suspicion generated by computer-aided detection algorithms for x-ray mammography using tumor-prior-guided optical reconstructions for enhanced risk-assessment of breast mammograms.
Experimental study of Fluorescence Lifetime Uncertainty in Time-Gated ICCD-based Macroscopic Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
Authors: Yuan Nanxue , Pandey Vikas , Michalet Xavier , Intes Xavier
Published: June 2024

We studied the influence of different parameters on the measured fluorescence lifetime uncertainty in ICCD-based-MFLI. Our results are helpful for practitioners to provide the measured uncertainty in a broad range of experimental conditions.
Optismaition of diffuse Raman Spectrosocpy: From Computer Modeling to in-vivo measurements
Authors: Dooley Max , Luckett Jeni , Alexander Morgan R , Matousek Pavel , Dehghani Hamid , Ghaemmaghami Amir M , Notingher Ioan
Published: June 2024

By optimising instrumentation design using computational modelling of diffuse optics, we have developed a diffuse Raman instrument capable of monitoring fibrotic tissue growth, first in phantoms, then cadavers, and finally progressing to in-vivo measurements.
Depth Resolved Mueller Matrix Analysis of Cervical Remodeling in Murine Models
Authors: Ajmal Ajmal , Pei JunZhu , Sanchez Amanda , Ramella-Roman Jessica C.
Published: June 2024

Early softening of the uterine cervix leads to Preterm Birth. Mueller matrix of mice ecto-cervix to endo-cervix at different pregnancy time points were assessed. Changes in the micro-structural organization of the cervical ECM are quantified.
Unveiling the Metabolic Diversity in Cancer: Quantifying Cancer Stem Cells and Bulk Cancer Cells Through FLIM Imaging and Computational Analysis
Authors: Ravi Vidhya Shree , Clevenger Abigail J. , Morganti Sam , Raghavan Shreya A. , Walsh Alex J
Published: June 2024

This study tests the hypothesis that Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) of the endogenous metabolic co-enzymes (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) provides insights into the metabolic signatures of CSCs and bulk tumor cells. By identifying and quantifying metabolic differences, researchers can potentially develop tailored therapies that address both CSCs and bulk tumor cells, improving therapeutic outcomes and addressing the challenges posed by tumor heterogeneity.
Extraction physiologically significant information of PPG signals
Authors: Domínguez Saraí , Paez Gonzalo
Published: June 2024

We propose method to extract systolic cycle and closure of aortic valve using Photopletysmography, which is relevant for cardiac physiology. We show the correspondence of extracted information with electrocardiogram waves and pressure cardiac in PPG.
Low-cost, local production of a safe and effective disinfectant for resource-constrained communities
Authors: Naranjo-Soledad Andrea , Smesrud Logan , Bandaru Siva R. S. , Hernandez Dana , Mehare Meire , Mahmoud Sara , Matange Vijay , Rao Bakul , N. Chandana , Balcom Paige , Omole David Olugbenga , Álvarez-Mejía César , López-Ramrez Varinia , Gadgil Ashok
Published: June 2024

Improved hygiene depends on the accessibility and availability of effective disinfectant solutions. These disinfectant solutions are unavailable to many communities worldwide due to resource limitations, among other constraints. Safe and effective chlorine-based disinfectants can be produced via simple electrolysis of salt water, providing a low-cost and reliable option for on-site, local production of disinfectant solutions to improve sanitation and hygiene. This study reports on a system (herein called “Electro-Clean”) that can produce concentrated solutions of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) using readily available, low-cost materials. With just table salt, water, graphite welding rods, and a DC power supply, the Electro-Clean system can safely produce HOCl solutions (~1.5 liters) of up to 0.1% free chlorine (i.e.,1000 ppm) in less than two hours at low potential (5 V DC) and modest current (~5 A). Rigorous testing of free chlorine production and durability of the Electro-Clean system components, described here, has been verified to work in multiple locations around the world, including microbiological tests conducted in India and Mexico to confirm the biocidal efficacy of the Electro-Clean solution as a surface disinfectant. Cost estimates are provided for making HOCl locally with this method in the USA, India, and Mexico. Findings indicate that Electro-Clean is an affordable alternative to off-the-shelf commercial chlorinator systems in terms of first costs (or capital costs), and cost-competitive relative to the unit cost of the disinfectant produced. By minimizing dependence on supply chains and allowing for local production, the Electro-Clean system has the potential to improve public health by addressing the need for disinfectant solutions in resource-constrained communities.
Registered report: Age-preserved semantic memory and the CRUNCH effect manifested as differential semantic control networks: An fMRI study
Authors: Haitas Niobe , Dubuc Jade , Massé-Leblanc Camille , Chamberland Vincent , Amiri Mahnoush , Glatard Tristan , Wilson Maximiliano , Joanette Yves , Steffener Jason
Published: June 2024

Semantic memory representations are generally well maintained in aging, whereas semantic control is thought to be more affected. To explain this phenomenon, this study tested the predictions of the Compensation-Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis (CRUNCH), focusing on task demands in aging as a possible framework. The CRUNCH effect would manifest itself in semantic tasks through a compensatory increase in neural activation in semantic control network regions but only up to a certain threshold of task demands. This study compares 39 younger (20–35 years old) with 39 older participants (60–75 years old) in a triad-based semantic judgment task performed in an fMRI scanner while manipulating task demand levels (low versus high) through semantic distance. In line with the CRUNCH predictions, differences in neurofunctional activation and behavioral performance (accuracy and response times) were expected in younger versus older participants in the low- versus high-demand conditions, which should be manifested in semantic control Regions of Interest (ROIs). Our older participants had intact behavioral performance, as proposed in the literature for semantic memory tasks (maintained accuracy and slower response times (RTs)). Age-invariant behavioral performance in the older group compared to the younger one is necessary to test the CRUNCH predictions. The older adults were also characterized by high cognitive reserve, as our neuropsychological tests showed. Our behavioral results confirmed that our task successfully manipulated task demands: error rates, RTs and perceived difficulty increased with increasing task demands in both age groups. We did not find an interaction between age group and task demand, or a statistically significant difference in activation between the low- and high-demand conditions for either RTs or accuracy. As for brain activation, we did not find the expected age group by task demand interaction, or a significant main effect of task demand. Overall, our results are compatible with some neural activation in the semantic network and the semantic control network, largely in frontotemporoparietal regions. ROI analyses demonstrated significant effects (but no interactions) of task demand in the left and right inferior frontal gyrus, the left posterior middle temporal gyrus, the posterior inferior temporal gyrus and the prefrontal gyrus. Overall, our test did not confirm the CRUNCH predictions.
The cost effectiveness of early assessment and intervention by a dedicated health and social care professional team for older adults in the emergency department compared to treatment-as-usual: Economic evaluation of the OPTI-MEND trial
Authors: Trépel Dominic , Ruiz-Adame Manuel , Cassarino Marica , Ahern Elayne , Devlin Collette , Robinson Katie , O’Shaughnessy Íde , McCarthy Gerard , Corcoran Cian , Galvin Rose
Published: June 2024

Background

Over 65s are frequent attenders to the Emergency Department (ED) and more than half are admitted for overnight stays. Early assessment and intervention by a dedicated ED-based Health and Social Care Professionals (HSCP) team reduces ED length of stay and the risk of hospital admissions among older adults while improving patient health-related quality-of-life and satisfaction with care. This study aims to evaluate whether augmenting the treatment as usual for older adults admitted to ED is cost-effective.

Methods and findings

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), conducted alongside the OPTI-MEND randomised controlled trial of 353 patients aged ≥65 with lower urgency complaints compared the effectiveness of early assessment and intervention by a dedicated HSCP team in the ED to treatment as usual (TAU). An economic analysis estimated the average cost per older adults randomised to the HSCP team, and compared to TAU, how contact with HSCP team changed health care use, and associated total costs, and estimated the effect of HSCP on Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Within the OPTI-MEND trial, the average cost of a contact with the HSCP team during ED attendance is estimated to be €801 per patient. Compared to TAU, the incremental QALY of intervention is 0.053 (95% CI: 0.023 to 0.0826, p<0.0001). Accounting for cost savings because of contact with HSCP team, the average incremental saving in the total cost, compared to TAU, is -€6,128 (95% CI: -€9,217 to -€3,038, p<0.0001). Given the incremental health gains and significant cost savings, bootstrapped cost CEA suggests that dedicated HSCP care dominates over TAU for low urgency older adults attending the ED.

Conclusions

A dedicated HSCP team in the ED significantly improves overall health for lower acuity older adults and, by reducing inpatient length of stay, results in staggering cost savings. This economic evaluation conducted on the OPTI-MEND trial provides convincing evidence that HSCP should be adopted as part of treatment as usual in Irish EDs.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03739515; registered on 12th November 2018. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03739515.
Effects of shape and structure of a new 3D-printed personalized bioresorbable tracheal stent on fit and biocompatibility in a rabbit model
Authors: Schleich Sarah , Kronen Peter , Krivitsky Adva , Paunović Nevena , Brian Coulter Fergal , Karol Agnieszka Anna , Geks Anna , Bao Yinyin , Leroux Jean-Christophe , von Rechenberg Brigitte , Franzen Daniel , Klein Karina
Published: June 2024

To date, several types of airway stents are available to treat central airway obstructions. However, the ideal stent that can overcome anatomical, mechanical and microbiological issues is still awaited. In addition, therapeutic effect and self-elimination of these stents are desirable properties, which pose an additional challenge for development and manufacturing. We aimed to create a prototype bioresorbable tracheal stent with acceptable clinical tolerance, fit and biocompatibility, that could be tested in a rabbit model and in the future be further optimized to enable drug-elution and ensure local therapeutic effect. Twenty-one New Zealand White Rabbits received five different types of bioresorbable tracheal stents, 3D-printed from poly(D,L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) metacrylates. Various configurations were tested for their functionality and improved until the best performing prototype could undergo detailed in vivo assessment, regarding clinical tolerance, migration and biocompatibility. Previously tested types of 3D printed stents in our preliminary study required improvement due to several problems, mainly related to breakage, unreliable stability and/or migration within the trachea. Abandoned or refined pre-prototypes were not analyzed in a comparative way. The final best performing prototype stent (GSP2 (Group Stent Prototype 2), n = 8) allowed a transoral application mode and showed good clinical tolerance, minimal migration and acceptable biocompatibility. The good performance of stent type GSP2 was attributed to the helix-shaped surface structure, which was therefore regarded as a key-feature. This prototype stent offers the possibility for further research in a large animal model to confirm the promising data and assess other properties such as bioresorption.
The association between periodontitis and the impact of oral health on the quality of life of individuals with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Costa Amanda Almeida , Cota Luís Otávio Miranda , Esteves Lima Rafael Paschoal , Oliveira Alcione Maria Soares Dutra , Cortelli Sheila Cavalca , Cortelli José Roberto , Cyrino Renata Magalhães , Mendes Victor Silva , Silva Tarcília Aparecida , Costa Fernando Oliveira
Published: June 2024

Objective

To evaluate the association between psoriasis (PSO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and periodontitis (PE), and the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) impacts on individuals with psoriatic disease’s daily activities compared to the non-psoriatic ones.

Materials & methods

296 individuals with psoriatic disease (PSO n = 210, APS n = 86) (cases) and 359 without these diseases (controls) were included. Complete periodontal examinations and collection of variables of interest were performed. The Brazilian version of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) instrument was applied.

Results

The prevalence of PE was higher in PsA (57.0%; OR = 2.67 95%CI 1.65–4.32; p<0.001) than in PSO (34.3%; OR = 1.05 95% CI 0.73–1.51; p<0.001) compared to controls (33.1%). Both PsA and PSO groups showed more sites and teeth with 4-6mm probing depth (PD) and had higher OIDP scores than controls (p<0.001), thus indicating worse self-reported quality of life. PE, PSO+PE and consumption of alcohol/anxiolytics significantly influenced OHRQoL (p<0.05). The influence of periodontal parameters on OHRQoL was observed for the presence of PE; PD >6 mm; clinical attachment level >6 mm; higher plaque index, % sites and teeth with bleeding on probing (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Negative impacts of PE on the OHRQoL were demonstrated. The ones having PSO and especially PsA and PE presented significantly worse indicators.
Fear of the COVID-19 vaccine in a public healthcare system and university setting
Authors: Botelho Roberta de Oliveira , Coelho Carolina Cramer Filgueiras , Andrade Eric Francelino , Castelo Paula Midori , Pardi Vanessa , Murata Ramiro Mendonça , Pereira Luciano José
Published: June 2024

Despite the known benefits, some individuals remain apprehensive about receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, which hampers vaccination efforts and the achievement of herd immunity. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess vaccination rates and identify factors influencing fear of the COVID-19 vaccine among individuals served by the public healthcare system (Family Health Strategy ‐ FHS) and in a university community in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Surveys were conducted face-to-face with FHS participants and online with university members, employing a free sharing approach on social media. A total of 1896 and 312 responses were collected, respectively. The survey covered sociodemographic information, COVID-19 fear levels, and vaccination status for both individuals and their children Vaccination coverage was 83% among FHS participants and 99.1% in the university setting. Female respondents in both groups exhibited higher levels of COVID-19 fear (p<0.05), with FHS-assisted women reporting greater apprehension towards vaccination (p<0.05). Educated parents demonstrated better understanding of the importance of child vaccination, while younger parents expressed heightened concerns about vaccine side effects. Among FHS participants, women exhibited a 1.6 times higher fear of vaccination compared to men. Additionally, fear of vaccination increased by 1.10 times for each additional point on the COVID-19 Fear Scale (physiological domain). Effective communication strategies and dispelling misconceptions surrounding immunization could alleviate fear and promote vaccination acceptance.
Systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and associated factors of depression among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia
Authors: Tassew Worku Chekol , Nigate Getanew Kegnie , Assefa Getaw Wubie , Zeleke Agerie Mengistie , Ferede Yeshiwas Ayal
Published: June 2024

Background

Identifying individuals at increased risk for depression allows for earlier intervention and treatment, ultimately leading to better outcomes and potentially preventing severe symptoms. However, to date, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have estimated the prevalence of depression among hypertensive patients. Thus, this review was initiated to determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression among patients with hypertension in Ethiopia.

Methods

Multiple databases, such as PubMed, African Journals Online, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were used to ensure wider coverage of relevant studies. The data extracted from Microsoft Excel were imported into STATA version 11 (Stata Corp LLC, TX, USA) for further analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression was estimated using a random effects model. To evaluate statistical heterogeneity, the Cochrane Q test and I2 statistic were used.

Results

The random effect model indicated that the pooled prevalence of depression in 12 studies conducted in Ethiopia was 32.43% (95% CI: 25.18, 39.67%). Being female (POR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.89, 3.07, I2 = 17.7%, P = 0.302), having comorbid illnesses (POR = 3.80; 95% CI: 2.09, 6.90, I2 = 81%, P = 0.005), having poor blood pressure control (POR = 3.58; 95% CI: 2.51, 5.12, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.716), having a family history of depression (POR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.98, 5.96, I2 = 62.6%, P = 0.069), being single (POR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.35, 3.99, I2 = 48.0%, P = 0.146) and having poor social support (POR = 4.24; 95% CI: 1.29, 13.98, I2 = 95.8%, P<0.001) were positively associated with depression among hypertensive patients.

Conclusion

Overall, the results of our review showed that depression affects a significant number of Ethiopians who have hypertension. Being female, being single, having comorbidities, having poor blood pressure control, having a family history of depression, and having poor social support were factors associated with depression among patients with hypertension. For those who are depressed, improving the psycho-behavioral treatment linkage with the psychiatric unit can result in improved clinical outcomes.

Trial registration

Prospero Registration number: CRD42024498447. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024498447.
Evaluation of a multiplex-qPCR for paediatric pleural empyema—An observational study in hospitalised children
Authors: Jacobson Jonathan , Fabri Loraine , Osowicki Joshua , Shanthikumar Shivanthan , Costa Anna-Maria , Ortika Belinda , Wee-Hee Ashleigh , Pragassen Michelle , Gatt Cassandra , Gonis Gena , Nguyen Cattram , Rozen Thomas , Teague Warwick , Buttery Jim , Clifford Vanessa , Mulholland Kim , Steer Andrew , Ranganathan Sarath , Daley Andrew , Dunne Eileen , Satzke Catherine
Published: June 2024

Pleural empyema is a serious complication of pneumonia in children. Negative bacterial cultures commonly impede optimal antibiotic therapy. To improve bacterial identification, we developed a molecular assay and evaluated its performance compared with bacterial culture. Our multiplex-quantitative PCR to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae was assessed using bacterial genomic DNA and laboratory-prepared samples (n = 267). To evaluate clinical performance, we conducted the Molecular Assessment of Thoracic Empyema (MATE) observational study, enrolling children hospitalised with empyema. Pleural fluids were tested by bacterial culture and multiplex-qPCR, and performance determined using a study gold standard. We determined clinical sensitivity and time-to-organism-identification to assess the potential of the multiplex-qPCR to reduce the duration of empiric untargeted antibiotic therapy. Using spiked samples, the multiplex-qPCR demonstrated 213/215 (99.1%) sensitivity and 52/52 (100%) specificity for all organisms. During May 2019–March 2023, 100 children were enrolled in the MATE study; median age was 3.9 years (IQR 2–5.6). A bacterial pathogen was identified in 90/100 (90%) specimens by multiplex-qPCR, and 24/100 (24%) by bacterial culture (P <0.001). Multiplex-qPCR identified a bacterial cause in 68/76 (90%) culture-negative specimens. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen, identified in 67/100 (67%) specimens. We estimate our multiplex-qPCR would have reduced the duration of untargeted antibiotic therapy in 61% of cases by a median 20 days (IQR 17.5–23, range 1–55). Multiplex-qPCR significantly increased pathogen detection compared with culture and may allow for reducing the duration of untargeted antibiotic therapy.
Improved quantification of tumor adhesion in meningiomas using MR elastography-based slip interface imaging
Authors: Zheng Keni , Murphy Matthew C. , Camerucci Emanuele , Plitt Aaron R. , Shan Xiang , Sui Yi , Manduca Armando , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Ehman Richard L. , Huston John , Yin Ziying
Published: June 2024

Meningiomas, the most prevalent primary benign intracranial tumors, often exhibit complicated levels of adhesion to adjacent normal tissues, significantly influencing resection and causing postoperative complications. Surgery remains the primary therapeutic approach, and when combined with adjuvant radiotherapy, it effectively controls residual tumors and reduces tumor recurrence when complete removal may cause a neurologic deficit. Previous studies have indicated that slip interface imaging (SII) techniques based on MR elastography (MRE) have promise as a method for sensitively determining the presence of tumor-brain adhesion. In this study, we developed and tested an improved algorithm for assessing tumor-brain adhesion, based on recognition of patterns in MRE-derived normalized octahedral shear strain (NOSS) images. The primary goal was to quantify the tumor interfaces at higher risk for adhesion, offering a precise and objective method to assess meningioma adhesions in 52 meningioma patients. We also investigated the predictive value of MRE-assessed tumor adhesion in meningioma recurrence. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of the improved SII technique in distinguishing the adhesion degrees, particularly complete adhesion. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in adhesion percentages between complete and partial adherent tumors (p = 0.005), and complete and non-adherent tumors (p<0.001). The improved technique demonstrated superior discriminatory ability in identifying tumor adhesion patterns compared to the previously described algorithm, with an AUC of 0.86 vs. 0.72 for distinguishing complete adhesion from others (p = 0.037), and an AUC of 0.72 vs. 0.67 for non-adherent and others. Aggressive tumors exhibiting atypical features showed significantly higher adhesion percentages in recurrence group compared to non-recurrence group (p = 0.042). This study validates the efficacy of the improved SII technique in quantifying meningioma adhesions and demonstrates its potential to affect clinical decision-making. The reliability of the technique, coupled with potential to help predict meningioma recurrence, particularly in aggressive tumor subsets, highlights its promise in guiding treatment strategies.
On new common fixed point theorems via bipolar fuzzy b-metric space with their applications
Authors: Maheswari J. Uma , Dillibabu K. , Mani Gunaseelan , Thabet Sabri T. M. , Kedim Imed , Vivas-Cortez Miguel
Published: June 2024

This research work is devoted to investigating new common fixed point theorems on bipolar fuzzy b-metric space. Our main findings generalize some of the existence outcomes in the literature. Furthermore, we illustrate our findings by providing some applications for fractional differential and integral equations.
The effects of two types of neighborhood factors on trajectory of internalizing and externalizing symptoms from early childhood to adolescence
Authors: Pei Fei
Published: June 2024

Although a robust body of previous empirical studies investigated the long-term trend of child behavior problems, limited research discussed the influences of various types of neighborhood factors on such trajectory (e.g., neighborhood structural characteristics and collective efficacy). Using a nationally representative longitudinal dataset the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), with six waves from 1998 to 2017, this study captures the longitudinal effects of two types of early childhood neighborhood factors on the co-development of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Data was collected at the focal child’s age 3, age 5, age 9, age 15 (N = 2,385), and the parallel-process growth curve models were applied. Results suggest that the trajectories of both internalization and externalizing symptoms showed U-shape and bidirectional relationships among internalizing and externalizing problems. The long-term effects of neighborhood social cohesion and economic disadvantages were significantly associated with children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The implication of this study was further discussed.
Risk factors associated with dengue complications and death: A cohort study in Peru
Authors: Copaja-Corzo Cesar , Flores-Cohaila Javier , Tapia-Sequeiros Gustavo , Vilchez-Cornejo Jennifer , Hueda-Zavaleta Miguel , Vilcarromero Stalin , Santana-Téllez Tomas , Parodi José F. , Gomez-Colque Sujey , Benites-Zapata Vicente A.
Published: June 2024

Background

Dengue has emerged as an unprecedented epidemic in Peru, and it is anticipated that this issue will escalate further owing to climate change. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with death from dengue in patients treated at Hospital II in Pucallpa, Peru.

Methodology

This retrospective cohort study collected information from the medical records of patients with a diagnosis of dengue treated at Hospital II Pucallpa-Peru between January 2019 and March 2023. The primary outcome was death, and the secondary outcome was death, development of severe dengue, or Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Cox regression models were used to determine risk factors.

Findings

The clinical records of 152 patients were evaluated, with a median age of 27.5 years (interquartile range, 11–45). Among all patients, 29 (19.1%) developed severe dengue, 31 (20.4%) were admitted to the ICU, and 13 (8.6%) died during follow-up. In the survival analysis, bilirubin >1.2 mg/dL was associated with a higher risk of death aHR: 11.38 (95% CI: 1.2 106.8). Additionally, factors associated with poor prognosis included having 1 to 3 comorbidities aRR: 1.92 (1.2 to 3.2), AST ≥251 U/L aRR: 6.79 (2.2 to 21.4), history of previous dengue aRR: 1.84 (1.0 to 3.3), and fibrinogen ≥400 mg/dL aRR: 2.23 (1.2 to 4.1).

Significance

Elevated bilirubin was associated with death from dengue, whereas an increase in comorbidities and a history of previous dengue were related to a poor prognosis of the disease. Early identification of severe dengue would be more feasible with improved access to laboratory testing, particularly in tropical areas with a high dengue incidence.
Positive charges promote the recognition of proteins by the chaperone SlyD from Escherichia coli
Authors: Lindemeier Daniel , Graubner Wenke , Mehner-Breitfeld Denise , Malešević Miroslav , Brüser Thomas
Published: June 2024

SlyD is a widely-occurring prokaryotic FKBP-family prolyl isomerase with an additional chaperone domain. Often, such as in Escherichia coli, a third domain is found at its C-terminus that binds nickel and provides it for nickel-enzyme biogenesis. SlyD has been found to bind signal peptides of proteins that are translocated by the Tat pathway, a system for the transport of folded proteins across membranes. Using peptide arrays to analyze these signal peptide interactions, we found that SlyD interacted only with positively charged peptides, with a preference for arginines over lysines, and large hydrophobic residues enhanced binding. Especially a twin-arginine motif was recognized, a pair of highly conserved arginines adjacent to a stretch of hydrophobic residues. Using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) with purified SlyD and a signal peptide-containing model Tat substrate, we could show that the wild type twin-arginine signal peptide was bound with higher affinity than an RR>KK mutated variant, confirming that positive charges are recognized by SlyD, with a preference of arginines over lysines. The specific role of negative charges of the chaperone domain surface and of hydrophobic residues in the chaperone active site was further analyzed by ITC of mutated SlyD variants. Our data show that the supposed key hydrophobic residues of the active site are indeed crucial for binding, and that binding is influenced by negative charges on the chaperone domain. Recognition of positive charges is likely achieved by a large negatively charged surface region of the chaperone domain, which is highly conserved although individual positions are variable.
Underwater target laser polarization suppression scattering detection technology and verification
Authors: Fu Qiang , Dong Chao , Wang Kaikai , He Qingyi , Gu Xiansong , Liu Jianhua , Zhu Yong , Duan Jin
Published: June 2024

The underwater laser polarization detection technology integrates the polarization characteristics of light into the detection and identification of underwater targets. Addressing the challenge of poor accuracy in identifying targets in strong underwater scattering environments, this article proposes an overall scheme for a laser polarization underwater detection device that suppresses scatter using polarized pulse signals. By overcoming key technological barriers in the design of polarization-preserving optical detection systems and utilizing the method of differential amplitude to measure polarization, a laser polarization underwater detection device was developed and underwater polarization detection experiments were conducted, achieving precise detection of underwater targets. The results indicate that the underwater detection device we designed has a root mean square error of less than 5.7% to detect the polarization of the target, demonstrating the accuracy and precision of the underwater detection device.
Exploring the perceptions of faculty members about research courses in undergraduate pharmacy curriculum: A qualitative study
Authors: Aly Aaliah , Hishari Ola , Stewart Derek , Awaisu Ahmed , Elshami Sara , Mukhalalati Banan
Published: June 2024

Introduction and objective

The commitment of pharmacy graduates to patient care and research is crucial to advancing pharmaceutical science and practice. Consequently, the value of involving undergraduate pharmacy students in research has been increasingly recognized. Given that the College of Pharmacy at Qatar University offers two undergraduate pharmacy research courses, it is relevant to explore the perception of faculty members of the delivery, impact, facilitators, barriers, and suggested improvements in these courses. This exploration will help to improve the existing curriculum and to highlight the prospective impact of student involvement in undergraduate pharmacy research courses on the personal and professional growth of students, as well as on the progressive evolution of the pharmacy profession.

Methods

A qualitative exploratory case study was performed in which five virtual focus groups were conducted. All eligible faculty members from the clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical science departments with experience supervising students who had taken one or two undergraduate pharmacy research courses were invited to participate. The focus group questions were based on the Theoretical domain framework of behavioral determinants. Verbatim transcription was performed, and the collected data were thematically analyzed using the computer-assisted coding software NVivo®.

Results

Of the 26 eligible faculty members, 21 participated in this study. Five deductive themes were identified: social professional role and influences, beliefs about capabilities, skills, beliefs about consequences and goals, and environmental resources and behavioral regulations. Overall, faculty members identified themselves as assessors and mentors. Participants expected students to possess independence, responsibility, and motivation. They believed that students generally required more practical research skills. Several benefits of incorporating students into undergraduate research have been highlighted, including increased publication productivity and quality. However, several hurdles to undergraduate research in pharmacy have been identified, including limited resources, limited timeframes, and sometimes delayed ethical approval.

Conclusion

Faculty members expressed optimism regarding the undergraduate research courses. However, some logistical concerns, including the lengthy ethical approval process and resource availability, must be addressed to optimize the effectiveness of these courses.