bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retorno à pintura-pintura: abstração informal e o discurso crítico de Antônio Bento
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, França Ana Paula
Published: May 2023

A abordagem do termo pintura-pintura está atrelada ao debate crítico que marcou as colunas especializadas de periódicos brasileiros no final da década de 1950. Ele foi cunhado pelo crítico de arte Antônio Bento (1902-1988) 1 com a intenção de caracterizar a abstração informal, exaltando sua proeminência diante da arte concreta. O debate, portanto, delineou-se a partir das tendências abstratas desenvolvidas no país, após a segunda guerra mundial e, especialmente, após as primeiras edições das bienais de São Paulo. As discussões tinham como mote principal a defesa de um ponto de vista excludente e, nesse contexto, aos críticos de arte cabia, inclusive, apontar ao público leitor a contribuição mais autêntica dentro do quadro da arte abstrata no Brasil.
Dialética das formas: a teoria do elemento adicional em pintura de Kazímir Maliévitch
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Nucci Angela
Published: May 2023

Motivados pela necessidade de estabelecer novos critérios de avaliação da atividade artística muitos artistas da vanguarda russa buscaram durante as primeiras décadas do século 20 uma fundamentação teórica das artes com base em fundamentos científicos.
Veredas no grande sertão: aportes da história da arte para o estado da criação popular
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Ramos Everardo
Published: May 2023

No mundo ocidental, o interesse pela cultura e arte populares se inicia na Europa a partir do fim do século XVIII, na confluência de dois movimentos de ideias. Por um lado, intelectuais e artistas começam a criticar a cultura e a arte eruditas, desenvolvidas no âmbito das academias.
VI jac: experimentação na construção institucional da história da arte contemporânea brasileira
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Louzada Heloisa Olivi
Published: May 2023

A importância do estudo das exposições para a construção da história da arte pode ser justificada devido às exposições serem o local no qual se encontram diversos aspectos que permeiam o sistema da arte: obras, instituição, política, arquitetura, percepção, curadoria, artistas, etc. Desta forma, as exposições, tomadas como objeto de estudo, alargam o campo da história da arte ao adicionar elementos e questões relativas ao mercado de arte, à política institucional, ao discurso curatorial, entre outros aspectos que pautam e influenciam tanto a produção artística como as narrativas para história da arte.
Estratégias de educação alimentar e nutricional no Colégio Técnico da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (CTUR)
Authors: Wittmann Ellen Bilheiro Bragança , Lacaz Leticia Matias , Castro Fernanda Travassos de , Tabai Katia Cilene
Published: May 2023

A educação alimentar e nutricional é um importante instrumento para a promoção da segurança alimentar e nutricional e para a formação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis e sustentáveis. Objetivou-se identificar as ações promovidas pelo Colégio Técnico da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (CTUR), em prol da educação alimentar e nutricional e da segurança alimentar e nutricional, inclusive, durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Os dados foram coletados, entre março e agosto de 2020, através de entrevistas e questionários, com a participação de discentes e docentes do CTUR. Dos 79 estudantes que participaram da pesquisa, 60,8% traziam refeição pronta de casa para o colégio e apenas 6,3% utilizavam o restaurante universitário. Durante o período escolar, 51,9% dos alunos entrevistados consumiam alimentos pouco nutritivos como salgados fritos e 63,3% dos discentes consumiam biscoitos. Dos 68 professores do CTUR, apenas 13 responderam ao formulário e, a maioria deles, constituída por 84,6% afirmou abordar a temática da alimentação na disciplina sob sua responsabilidade. Percebeu-se que, são desenvolvidas ações pela instituição que promovem a educação alimentar e nutricional. O CTUR possuía uma pequena produção agroecológica que oferecia suporte às aulas. No entanto, tais ações não contemplavam os alunos de todos os cursos. O impacto da pandemia de Covid-19 interferiu na alimentação dos discentes, mostrando que o consumo de frutas e hortaliças diminuiu significativamente. Algumas medidas, dentre estas, a construção de um refeitório no ambiente escolar, o que poderá minimizar a situação encontrada e dialogando com ações práticas para a promoção da Educação Alimentar e Nutricional.
Quantifying the Accessibility of Sustainable Seafood in Southeast Queensland, Australia
Authors: Vella Tia , Klein Carissa , Roberson Leslie , Kuempel Caitie
Published: May 2023

Context; Seafood is a nutritious source of protein. However, seafood production can have perverse environmental impacts. Seafood sustainability differs depending on species, origin, and production/fishing method. Australian consumers seeking sustainable seafood rely on independent sustainability guides and detailed labels at point of sale. Aims; We aimed to determine consumer accessibility to sustainable seafood products in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Methods; We assessed the sustainability of 52,447 seafood products from 2,110 restaurants, supermarkets, and takeaway shops. Key results; We determined the sustainability of 36% of products according to Australia’s Good Fish Guide. Of these, 4.9% were classified as sustainable, 4.1% as ‘Eat Less’, and 27% as ‘Say No’. Australian farmed barramundi was the most common sustainable product and farmed Australian Atlantic salmon the most common ‘Say No’ product. We could not assess 64% of products because of a lack of information (16%) or the product was not included in the Good Fish Guide (48%). Conclusions; Inadequate labelling of species, origin and/or production/fishing method reduces the accessibility of sustainable seafood in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Implications; Improving labelling, especially origin information at point of sale is critical for changing consumer behaviour, which represents a significant hurdle to improving the sustainability of the seafood industry.
New Loci Relating to Rice Tiller Angle Traits Discovery Through Genome-wide Association Analysis
Authors: Jinxin Gui , Jubin Shi , Xinyang Luo , Yuntao Yan , Xi He , Haiqing Zhang , Jiwai He
Published: May 2023

Tiller angle (TA) is one of the most important agronomic traits which directly affected plant architecture, photosynthetic efficiency, and planting density of rice. Although many quantitative trait loci (QTL) and associated genes for tiller angle have been identified, the detection of QTL for TA still required emphasis. In this study, 238 micro-core germplasm populations were used for genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of the tiller angle. The frequency distribution of TA was shown to be continuous in 2018 and 2019, five QTL designated as qTA1, qTA2, qTA6, qTA9, qTA12, and two QTL designated as qTA1, qTA1-1 were detected in 2018 and 2019, respectively. These QTL explained phenotypic variation ranged from 5.94% to 12.38%. Among them, qTA2 and qTA6 are new QTL for TA, and only qTA1 was detected repeatedly in two years. 253 germplasm from the 3K Rice Genome Project were used for candidate gene and haplotypes analysis, the candidate gene and haplotypes analyzed showed LOC_Os01g67770, LOC_Os02g35180 and LOC_Os09g38130 were the candidate gene of qTA1, qTA2, and qTA9, respectively. The results of this study provide insight into the genetic improvement of plant architecture in rice.
Unraveling the Mysteries of AI Chatbots
Authors: Bridgelall Raj
Published: May 2023

This primer provides an overview of the rapidly evolving field of generative artificial intelligence, specifically focusing on large language models like ChatGPT (OpenAI) and Bard (Google). Large language models have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in responding to natural language prompts. The aim of this primer is to demystify the underlying theory and architecture of large language models, providing intuitive explanations for a broader audience. Learners seeking to gain insight into the technical underpinnings of large language models must sift through rapidly growing and fragmented literature on the topic. This primer brings all the main concepts into a single digestible document. Topics covered include text tokenization, vocabulary construction, token embedding, context embedding with attention mechanisms, artificial neural networks, and objective functions in model training. The primer also explores state-of-the-art methods in training large language models to generalize on specific applications and to align with human intentions. Finally, an introduction to the concept of prompt engineering highlights the importance of effective human-machine interaction through natural language in harnessing the full potential of artificial intelligence chatbots. This comprehensive yet accessible primer will benefit students and researchers seeking foundational knowledge and a deeper understanding of the inner workings of existing and emerging artificial intelligence models. The author hopes that the primer will encourage further responsible innovation and informed discussions about these increasingly powerful tools.
Towards an Optimized Distributed Message Queue System for the AIoT Edge Computing: A Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: Xie Zaipeng , Ji Cheng , Xu Lifeng , Xia Mingyao , Cao Hongli
Published: May 2023

The convergence of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT) has made remarkable strides in the realm of industry. The IoT devices in this computing model gather data from various sources and send it to edge servers for real-time processing, which presents a challenge to the existing message queue systems in Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) Edge computing. These systems lack the adaptability to respond to the current state of the system, such as changes in the number of devices, message size, and frequency, and optimize the message transmission mechanism accordingly. Hence, it is critical to devise an approach that can effectively decouple message processing and mitigate workload fluctuations in the AIoT computing environment. To this end, this study introduces a distributed message queue system that is specifically tailored to the AIoT edge environment, utilizing a reinforcement learning approach to optimize message queue performance. Empirical findings reveal that this pioneering method significantly improves system throughput while handling varying message scenarios.
From "Putting the Last First" to "Working With People" in Rural Development Research: A Bibliometric Analysis Using VOS Viewer
Authors: Cazorla-Montero Adolfo , De los Ríos-Carmenado Ignacio
Published: May 2023

The contribution of academics and researchers to the discussion around sustainable rural development planning and its impact on rural communities has grown exponentially in recent years. Understanding trends in sustainable rural development research requires considering the different factors involved and affecting people from a holistic approach. This review examines, through bibliometric studies, the scientific knowledge generated on sustainable rural development planning in the last 50 years, analyzing 6,895 articles published in journals between 1970 and 2020. The results reveal the existence of three clusters and an important growth is observed to respond to the continuous needs in relation to sustainable rural development. This research shows the evolution of a new approach for the planning of sustainable rural development projects in postmodernity: Working with People (WWP). This WWP model, as a conceptual framework from social learning has been validated as a novel proposal in numerous contexts. The bibliometric analysis shows an evolution "From Putting the Last first" to "Working with People in Rural Development" research and the contributions of influential teachers such as Chambers and Cernea. These bibliometric analyses demonstrate the correct approach of WWP model, and open new fields of research in the planning of sustainable rural development projects.
The Effects of Biological and Physical Factors on Controlling the Destructive Palm Pest Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier
Authors: Akkarajeerawat Sunyapat , Chauvanasmith Thanatkorn , Keatsirisart Chanan , Bhu-iam Wanida
Published: May 2023

Red palm weevils (RPWs) are a major pest to coconut and palm trees, causing significant economic losses in many countries. The current control method involves using insecticides, which are unsustainable and environmentally damaging. Thus, it is necessary to develop an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to mitigate the RPW problem. Our studies have revealed that feeding RPWs with food containing specific herbs can affect the weevils' mutualistic relationship with gut microbiota or their growth hormones, resulting in a notable reduction in the metamorphosis rate at the pupation stage. For instance, the addition of Kra-jeab (a roselle Hibiscus sabdariffa) and Kra-pao (a holy basil Ocimum tenuiflorum) led to a reduction of 76.7% and 75.6%, respectively, in the metamorphosis rate, while combining the two herbs resulted in a higher reduction rate of 86.7%. In addition to these findings, altering their pupation nature by reducing the fiber length used in RPW feed to less than 1 centimeter can stop the weevil’s pupation entirely. These findings demonstrate the potential application of biological and physical factors to reduce RPWs' metamorphosis rate and control their destructive impact on palm industries, thus providing a promising solution for the conflict between palm and insect farmers.
Effect of Nanoparticle Interaction on Structural, Conducting and Sensing Properties of Mixed Metal Oxides
Authors: Trakhtenberg Leonid I , Ikim Maria I , Ilegbusi Olusegun J , Gromov Vladimir F , Gerasimov Genrikh N
Published: May 2023

The review analyzes the studies published mainly in the last 10-15 years, on the synthesis, structure, and sensor properties of semiconductor nanocomposites. Particular attention is paid to the interaction between nanoparticles of the sensitive layer and its effect on the structure, sensitivity, and selectivity of semiconductor sensor systems. Various mechanisms are considered of interaction between nanoparticles in metal oxide composites including incorporation of metal ions of one component into the structure of another, heterocontacts between different nanoparticles, and core-shell systems, as well as their influence on the characteristics of gas sensors. The experimental data and studies on the modeling of charge distribution in semiconductor nanoparticles, which determine the conductivity and sensor effect in one- and two-component systems, are also discussed. It is shown that the model which considers the interactions of nanoparticles best describes the experimental results. Some mechanisms of detection selectivity are considered in the conclusion.
Art Education: Two Decades of Creation, Evaluation and Application of An Interdisciplinary Method of Artistic Literacy
Authors: Leonido Levi , Pereira Antonino , Mendes Liliana , Rodrigues João Bartolomeu , Morgado Elsa Maria Gabriel
Published: May 2023

The Interdisciplinary Method of Musical Literacy, Education and Artistic Awareness (MILMESA) is developed and applied essentially in higher education (artistic, cultural and teacher training courses), promoting effective endogenous (interarts) and exogenous interconnection (artistic and other non-artistic areas) of an inter and pluridisciplinary matrix, as well as assuming itself as a privileged vehicle of relationship and extension to the community in the frame of the making of artistic-cultural and pedagogical-didactic events in the European, Luso-Brazilian, Luso-African and Hispanic American territories. It was created, tested and evaluated in five consecutive quadrennia (2002–2023), being regularly adapted, adapted and added according to the observed realities, evolving into the deepening of new concepts and models of intervention in these domains (e.g., Expressive and Proximal Didactics). Using the Ethnographic Method and the Case Study, and having the source of data collection as Document Analysis of written and iconographic or visual sources (n = 1386) and Participant Observation, this study aimed to describe and analyse the application and evolution of MILMESA in terms of education and extension to the community. It was concluded that there was a need to promote, with greater regularity and scope, greater technological interaction via digital platforms and social networks, within the framework of the participation of external specialists (e-DEP) and the very experience of MILMESA’s experiences and initiatives, giving it a more meaningful and participatory range.
Novel Anti-melanoma Leads Are Efficacious in A375 Cell Line Xenograft Melanoma Model in Nude Mice
Authors: Velayutham Sadeeshkumar , Seerattan Ryan , Sultan Maab , Seal Trisha , Danthurthy Samaya , Chinnapan Baskaran , Landi Jessica , Pearl Kaitlyn , Singh Aveta , Smalley Keiran S.M. , Zaias Julia , Choi Jun Yong , Minond Dmitriy
Published: May 2023

Despite the recent advances in melanoma therapy, the need for new targets and novel approaches to therapy is urgent. We previously reported melanoma actives that work via binding and downregulating spliceosomal proteins hnRNPH1 and H2. In a separate study, we reported that these compounds were non-toxic to Balb/C mice at 50 mg/kg suggesting their utility in in vivo studies. In the present study, we aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of these compounds by testing them in A375 cell-line derived xenograft in nu/nu mice. Animals were randomized into four groups (n=12/group) to receive subcutaneous administration of vehicle, 10 mg/kg vemurafenib, and 25 mg/kg 2155-14 and 2155-18 three times per week for 15 days along with a control group. The results revealed that both 2155-14 and 2155-18 significantly decreased the growth of A375 tumors, which was comparable to vemurafenib. These results were confirmed by tumor volume, weight, and histopathological examination. In conclusion, these results suggest a therapeutic potential of targeting spliceosomal proteins hnRNPH1 and H2.
Integrated Demand Response Programs in Energy Hubs: A Review of Applications, Classifications, Models and Future Directions
Authors: Kamwa Innocent , Bagherzadeh Leila , Delavari Atieh
Published: May 2023

In the traditional power system, customers respond to their primary electricity consumption pattern based on price or incentive to take additional advantages. By developing energy hubs (EHs) where electricity, heat, natural gas and other forms of energy are coupled together, all types of energy customers even the inelastic loads can participate in demand response (DR) program. This novel vision has led to the concept of "integrated demand response (IDR)". IDR programs (IDRPs) in EHs involve coordinating multiple DR activities across different energy systems, such as buildings, industrial complexes, and transportation networks. The main purpose of IDR is that multi-energy users can respond not only by shifting or reducing energy consumption from the demand side, but also by changing the type of energy consumed, in response to the dispatching center. The integration of IDRPs in EHs can help to reduce energy costs, improve grid stability, and increase the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the power system. Moreover, by synchronizing DR activities across different energy systems, IDRPs can provide additional benefits, such as improved energy efficiency, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and increased resilience to power outages and other disruptions. In this paper, we provide a review, assessment, and classification of fundamental principles, modeling techniques and optimization methods for IDR programs in EHs.
Safety Evaluation of Toll Plaza Diverging Area Considering Different Vehicles’ Toll Collection Types
Authors: Xing Lu , Zou Daoxing , Fei Yi , Long Kejun , Wang Jie
Published: May 2023

Different toll collection types of vehicles and different distribution of tollbooths lead to the toll plaza diverging area becoming a typical vehicle weaving area with frequent crossing behaviors and conflicts on highways. This study aims to identify contributing factors to conflict risks of four vehicle-following patterns in a toll plaza diverging area by developing random parameters ordered logit models with heterogeneity in means and variances. The model can flexibly capture the unobserved heterogeneity of the contributing factors in different vehicle-following patterns. Real-world vehicle trajectory data obtained from the toll plaza diverging area in Nanjing, China, are used for model estimation. The results show that vehicle-following patterns with the same toll collection types have higher percentage of severe conflict risks. The average acceleration of the following vehicles, lane marking indicator, the initial lanes and lane-changes of vehicles are significantly associated with the collision risk levels. The standard deviation of surrogate safety measures of all vehicles in sub-segments are found differ significantly between vehicle-following patterns. Furthermore, a series of likelihood ratio tests are adopted to test the spatial dependence in sub-segments of the diverging area. The findings of this study could provide valuable information for safety improvement in toll plazas.
Alginate/lignin: Antioxidant Activities, Anticancer Activity, Physico-chemistry Characteristics, and Acute Toxicity
Authors: Hoan Nguyen Xuan , Anh Le Thi Hong , Ha Hoang Thai , Cuong Dang Xuan
Published: May 2023

Alginate extraction is from seaweed, and lignin separation is from by-product corn (stalks and leaves). Alginate/lignin is a synthetic polymer rich in biological activity of great interest. Antioxidant activities of alginate/lignin were evaluated, such as total antioxidant activity, reducing power activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and α – glucosidase inhibition activity. The test of anticancer activity was on four cell lines (Hep G2, fibroblast, MCF-7, and NCI H460). Determination of physical-chemistry characteristics of alginate/lignin was through FTIR, DSC, SEM_EDS, SEM_EDS mapping, XRD, XRF, and 1H-NMR. A study of acute toxicity of alginate/lignin was on Swiss albino mice. The results showed alginate/lignin possessed antioxidant activity such as total antioxidant activity, reducing power activity, especially, α – glucosidase inhibition activity, and no free radical scavenging activity. Alginate/lignin did not be typical in cancer cell lines. Alginate/lignin existed in a thermally stable regular spherical shape in the investigated thermal region. Some specific functional groups of alginate and lignin did not exist in alginate/lignin crystal. Elements such as C, O, Na, and S were popular in the alginate/lignin structure. LD0 and LD100 of alginate/lignin in mice were 3.91 g/kg and 9.77 g/kg, respectively. Alginate/lignin is the potential for application as pharmaceutical materials, functional foods, and supporting diabetes treatment.
Development and Preliminary Application of Temperature Stress Test Machine for Cast-in-Place Inner Shaft Lining
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Shuaishuai , Zhang Tao , Li Dahai , Cheng Hairui
Published: May 2023

To study the anti-cracking performance of cast-in-place concrete inner shaft lining structure under the combined effects of temperature and constraint, this paper first developed a novel temperature stress test machine suitable for the shape of the inner shaft lining structure and with adjustable endpoint constraint, providing specialized experimental equipment for subsequent cast-in-place concrete inner shaft lining temperature stress simulation experiments. Then, this paper preliminarily studied the temperature, strain, and stress changes of the cast-in-place inner shaft lining under the condition of 100% endpoint constraint by simulating the internal hydration heating and cooling process of the cast-in-place inner shaft lining and using the temperature stress test machine to accurately control the endpoint constraint conditions of the inner shaft lining scaled model.
Small Molecule Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents Targeting Oncogenic Fusion Proteins: Current Status and Clinical
Authors: Kong Yichao , Jiang Caihong , Wei Guifeng , Sun Kai , Wang Ruijie , Wang Yang , Chen Yiji , Qiu Ting
Published: May 2023

Oncogenic fusion proteins, arising from chromosomal rearrangements, have emerged as prominent drivers of tumorigenesis and crucial therapeutic targets in cancer research. In recent years, the potential of small molecular inhibitors in selectively targeting fusion proteins has exhibited significant prospects, offering a novel approach to combat malignancies harboring these aberrant molecular entities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of small molecular inhibitors as therapeutic agents for oncogenic fusion proteins. We discuss the rationale for targeting fusion proteins, elucidate the mechanism of action of inhibitors, assess the challenges associated with their utilization, and provide a summary of the clinical progress achieved thus far. The objective is to provide the medicinal community with current and pertinent information and to expedite the drug discovery programs in this area.
Dynamic and Static 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in SMARCA4-Deficient Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Response to Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Wumener Xieraili , Ye Xiaoxing , Zhang Yarong , Jin Shi , Liang Ying
Published: May 2023

SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a more recently recognized subset of NSCLC. We describe the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT findings in a rare case of SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC and response to therapy. A 45-year-old male patient with a history of heavy smoking (10 years) underwent an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT dynamic (chest) + static (whole-body) scan for diagnosis and pre-treatment staging. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed an FDG-avid mass in the upper lobe of the left lung (SUVmax of 22.4) and FDG-avid lymph nodes (LN) in the left pulmonary hilar region (SUVmax of 5.7). In addition, there are multiple metastases throughout the body, including distant LNs, adrenal glands, bone, and brain. Pathological findings confirmed SMARCA-4 deficient NSCLC. After 4 cycles of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors（ICI）, the patient underwent again an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan (including dynamic scan) for efficacy evaluation. We report cases that deepen the understanding of the 18F-FDG PET/CT presentation of SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC as well as dynamic imaging features and parametric characteristics.
Graph Algebras and Derived Graph Operations
Authors: Wolter Uwe , Truong Tam T.
Published: May 2023

We revise the definition of graph operations in [WDK2018] and adapt correspondingly the construction of graph term algebras.
As a first contribution to a prospective research field Universal Graph Algebra, we generalize some basic concepts and results from algebras to graph algebras.
To tackle this generalization task, we revise and reformulate traditional set-theoretic definitions, constructions and proofs in Universal Algebra by means of more category-theoretic concepts and constructions. Especially, we generalize the concept generated subalgebra and prove that all monomorphic homomorphisms between graph algebras are regular.
Derived graph operations are the other main topic.
After an in depth analysis of terms as representations of derived operations in traditional algebras, we identify three basic mechanisms to construct new graph operations out of given ones: parallel composition, instantiation, and sequential composition.
As a counterpart of terms, we introduce graph operation expressions with a structure as close as possible to the structure of terms.
We show that the three mechanisms allow us to construct for any graph operation expression a corresponding derived graph operation in any graph algebra.
Diabetic Neuropathic Pain: Pathophysiology & Treatment
Authors: Geeso Johannes , Galan Cinthya
Published: May 2023

Diabetes mellitus is the global epidemic of the 21st century affecting millions worldwide. Usually, patients with long-standing type one diabetes (T1D) or type two diabetes (T2D) tend to develop complications. A common complication is the degenerative of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This complication is known as distal symmetric polyneuropathy or just diabetic neuropathy. A variety of symptoms can be experienced with this complication, including pain and numbness. One characterization of this complication is the sensory loss that begins in the lower extremities and spreads substantially to the fingers and hand. There is no clear mechanism for how this happens in diabetic patients. Studies have shown that nerve damage from this complication can be due to oxidative stress, sorbitol accumulation, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Some of the most common medications being provided for diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) include amitriptyline and desipramine. Other medications also include gabapentin and duloxetine. There are noninvasive options, such as acupuncture, that could provide beneficial data if rigorous studies are conducted. A number of new studies are being completed to identify more effective treatments for this condition.
Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty in Octogenarians Compared with Septuagenarians
Authors: Magnuson Justin A. , Griffin Sean A. , Sutton Ryan M. , Blaber Olivia , Ciesielka Kerri-Anne , Courtney P. Maxwell , Krueger Chad A.
Published: May 2023

Background:

The increasing frequency of total hip arthroplasty (THA) as well as an aging population indicate that the need for revision THA will continue to grow, especially in older and potentially medically complex patients. The purpose of this study was to compare THA revision indications, perioperative complications, and readmissions between octogenarian and septuagenarian patients. We hypothesized that patients aged 80 to 89 years would have similar outcomes to patients aged 70 to 79 years undergoing revision THA.

Methods:

Between 2008 and 2019, 572 revision THAs were performed at a single tertiary care hospital. Patients were stratified by age group: 70 to 79 years (n = 407) and 80 to 89 years (n = 165). Indication for revision, perioperative medical complications, and 90-day readmission were identified for each patient. Chi-square tests and t-tests were used to compare the groups. Logistic regression was used to assess medical complications and readmissions.

Results:

Aseptic loosening was a more common indication for revision in patients aged 70 to 79 years (33.4% versus 26.7%; p < 0.001), while periprosthetic fracture was a more common indication for revision in those aged 80 to 89 years (30.9% versus 13.0%). Perioperative medical complications occurred more often in octogenarians (10.9% versus 3.0%; p = 0.001), with arrythmia being the most common type. Patients aged 80 to 89 years were at increased risk for medical complications (odds ratio [OR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 7.3; p = 0.004) and readmission (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.7 to 6.3; p < 0.001) when adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and indication for revision. Octogenarians had a higher rate of reoperation following first-time revision than septuagenarians (10.3% versus 4.2%, p = 0.009).

Conclusions:

Octogenarians more commonly underwent revision THA for periprosthetic fracture and had higher rates of perioperative medical complications, 90-day readmissions, and reoperations than septuagenarians. Such findings should be considered when counseling patients on both primary and revision THAs.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing N-acetylcysteine and Bromhexine in Outpatients
Authors: Ghayour Anahita Eslami , Nazari Sasan , Keramat Fariba , Shahbazi Fatemeh , Ghayour Arash Eslami
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to compare the effects of N-acetylcysteine and Bromhexine on the recovery rate and prevention of hospitalization in outpatients with COVID-19. PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were divided into three groups: N-acetylcysteine group, Bromhexine group, and control group. Patients were followed up on the seventh and fourteenth days of the disease, and hospitalization and mortality rates were evaluated after one month. The study found that both N-acetylcysteine and Bromhexine can effectively reduce hospitalization rates and mortality and shorten the duration of hospitalization. The third visit of patients who received N-acetylcysteine showed an increase of 1.33% in oxygen saturation compared to their first visit, and in patients who received Bromhexine, this increase was 1.19%. The mortality rate was 9.33% in the control group and zero in both groups of patients who received medication. This study provides evidence for the early initiation of N-acetylcysteine and Bromhexine in outpatients with COVID-19. Clinical trial code: IRCT20220302054167N1, ethics code: IR.UMSHA.REC.1400.957.
A hybrid multiobjective salp swarm algorithm enhanced with sine cosine operator and normal cloud model
Authors: Tang Jianxin , Gong Rizhao , Liu Yuxi
Published: May 2023

As a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm, salp swarm algorithm (SSA) still suffers from low searching efficiency and easily falling into local optimum, especially when solving composite problem. In order to enhance the performance of SSA, an improved SSA equipped with sine cosine algorithm and normal cloud generator (CSCSSA) is proposed in this paper. The sine and cosine operator can prevent the salp leader from ineffective search for possible food position, and speed up the search rate of SSA. In addition, the normal cloud generator is employed to replace the position update mechanismof salp followers, and enhance the diversity by generating cloud drops around the salp leader. Comprehensive comparison of CSCSSA and seven other optimization algorithms was conducted on CEC2017 benchmark functions. The statistical results and convergence curves prove that the CSCSSA can be considered as highly competitive algorithm according to the searching efficiency, convergence accuracy and the ability of local optimum avoidance.
Chromosome-level genome provides insights into environmental adaptability and innate immunity in the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis)
Authors: Ding Kui , Xu Qinzeng , Zhao Liyuan , Li Yixuan , Li Zhong , Shi Wenge , Zeng Qianhui , Wang Xianyan , Zhang Xuelei
Published: May 2023

The common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) is widely distributed worldwide and well adapted to various habitats. Animal genomes store clues about their pasts, and can reveal the genes underlying their evolutionary success. Here, we report the first high-quality chromosome-level genome of D. delphis. The assembled genome size was 2.56 Gb with a contig N50 of 63.85 Mb. Phylogenetically, D. delphis was located close to Tursiops truncatus and T. aduncus. The genome of D. delphis exhibited 428 expanded and 1,885 contracted gene families, and 120 genes were identified as positively selected. The expansion of the HSP70 gene family indicated that D. delphis has a powerful system for buffering stress, which might be associated with its broad adaptability, longevity, and detoxification capacity. The expanded IFN-α and IFN-ω gene families, as well as the positively selected genes encoding tripartite motif-containing protein 25, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1, and p38 MAP kinase, were all involved in pathways for antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic mechanisms. The genome data also revealed dramatic fluctuations in the effective population size during the Pleistocene. Overall, the high-quality genome assembly and annotation represent significant molecular resources for ecological and evolutionary studies of Delphinus and help support their sustainable treatment and conservation.
Calcium particle film shields sweet potato plants from abiotic stress
Authors: Ferreira Jacqueline Alves Borges , Oliveira Alexandre Passos , Júnior Luiz Fernando Ganassali de Oliveira , Milanez Camilla Rozindo Dias , Carnelossi Marcelo Augusto Gutierrez , Silva-Mann Renata
Published: May 2023

Abiotic stresses can cause significant harm to economically important crops, making it essential to adopt sustainable methods to mitigate their negative effects. One promising approach is particle film technology, which has been shown to alleviate the impact of water scarcity and solar radiation on crops. In this study, our goal was to determine the action of particle film used in leaves of Ipomoea batatas L. grown under varying water conditions. Our findings indicate that plants treated with the particle film suffered less harm to their photosynthetic systems, particularly during the reproductive stadium, regardless of the water regime. Furthermore, the exogenous application of the particle film resulted in increased photosynthetic efficiency and electron transport rates in plants, as well as a decrease in the chl a/b ratio and expression of the Cdc2a gene. These results demonstrate that particle film technology has the potential to enhance crop resilience and productivity in sweet potatoes, even in adverse conditions.
KLF14 inhibits tumor progression via FOSL1 in glioma
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Qu Xinjuan , Liu Xuelai , Wang Kaiyue , Yang Yongfang , Zhang Yujuan , Wang Zhenguo , Li Yuming , Chen Hongwei
Published: May 2023

Background
Glioma is the most common malignancy of the central nervous system. Fos-like antigen 1 (FOSL1) is overexpressed and acts as a tumor-promoting factor in glioma. However, the regulation of FOSL1 remains unknown. KLF14, a member of Kruppel-like factors that are involved gene transcription, plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Loss of KLF14 triggers spontaneous tumorigenesis of lung, spleen and lymph node, suggesting its potential as biomarker for cancer. However, its role in glioma still needs to be deciphered. Therefore, we explore the interactions between FOSL1 and KLF14, as well as their role in glioma.
Methods
We first determined that FOSL1 can be transcriptional inhibited by KLF14 using dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and qPCR assays. Then, through immunohistochemistry (IHC)assay and western blotting (WB) assay in glioma tissues, we demonstrated a negative correlation between FOSL1 and KLF14. Next, KLF14 knockdown cells and double knockdown of KLF14 and FOSL1 cells were generated, and cell growth were detected by different experimental methods (MTT assay, crystal violet staining, cell migration assay). We then used qPCR and WB assay to search for and validate how KLF14 affects tumor cell migration through FOSL1. Finally, we confirmed the inhibition of tumor growth by KLF14 using xenograft tumor model.
Results
In this study, we showed that KLF14 inhibited the transcription of FOSL1.There is a negative correlation between KLF14 and FOSL1 in glioma tissues. Overexpression of KLF14 reversed the effect of FOSL1 in cell invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioma cells, and this was accompanied by the down-regulation of Snail2 and CD44. Moreover, KLF14 overexpression inhibits tumor progression in vivo.
Conclusions
The present results suggest that KLF14 is a new tumor molecular marker and a potential target for the treatment of glioma, providing a new target for anti-tumor drug research.
Healthcare worker knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding tuberculosis preventive therapy in rural South Africa: A content analysis using the consolidated framework for implementation research
Authors: de Water Brittney van , Wilson Michael , Roux Karl le , Gaunt Ben , Gimbel Sarah , Ware Norma
Published: May 2023

Background: South African national tuberculosis (TB) guidelines, in accordance with the World Health Organization, recommend conducting routine household TB contact investigation with provision of TB preventive therapy (TPT) for those who qualify. However, implementation of TPT has been suboptimal in rural South Africa. We sought to identify barriers and facilitators to TB contact investigations and TPT management in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa to inform the development of an implementation strategy to launch a comprehensive TB program.
Methods: We collected qualitative data through individual semi-structured interviews with 19 healthcare workers at a district hospital and four surrounding primary-care clinics referring to the hospital. The consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) was used to develop interview questions as well as guide deductive content analysis to determine potential drivers of implementation success or failure.
Results: A total of 19 healthcare workers were interviewed. Identified common barriers included lack of provider knowledge regarding efficacy of TPT, lack of TPT documentation workflows for clinicians, and widespread community resource constraints. Facilitators identified included healthcare workers high interest to learn more about the effectiveness of TPT, interest in problem-solving logistical barriers in provision of comprehensive TB care (including TPT), and desire for clinic and nurse-led TB prevention efforts.
Conclusion: The use of the CFIR, a validated implementation determinants framework, provided a systematic approach to identify barriers and facilitators to TB household contact investigation, specifically the provision and management of TPT in this rural, high TB burden setting. Specific resources – time, trainings, and evidence – are necessary to ensure healthcare providers feel knowledgeable and competent about TPT prior to prescribing it more broadly. Tangible resources such as improved data systems coupled with political coordination and funding for TPT programming are essential for sustainability.
A new hybrid model for photovoltaic output power prediction
Authors: Zou Jing , Wei Menghan , Song Qixian , Zhou Zhaorong
Published: May 2023

Recently, with the development of renewable energy technologies, photovoltaic (PV) power generation is widely used in the grid. However, as PV power generation is influenced by external factors, such as solar radiation fluctuation, PV output power is intermittent and volatile, and thus the accurate PV output power prediction is imperative for the grid stability. To address this issue, the artificial rabbits optimization is firstly improved by various strategies, then based on convolutional neural network and bidirectional long short-term memory (CBiLSTM) with improved artificial rabbits optimization (IARO), a new hybrid model denoted by IARO-CBiLSTM is proposed to predict PV output power. Moreover, inputs of IARO-CBiLSTM are optimized by analyzing influential factors of PV output power with Pearson correlation coefficient method. Finally, in order to verify the prediction accuracy, IARO-CBiLSTM is compared with other well-known methods under different weather conditions and different seasons, and the compared results show that IARO-CBiLSTM performs better in terms of various evaluation metrics.
Productivity of Different Nutrient Management Systems under Diverse Rice-Based Crop Rotations in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka
Authors: Wickramasinghe W. M. D. M. , Devasinghe D.A.U.D , Suriyagoda L.D.B , Egodawatta W C P , Benaragama D.I.D.S
Published: May 2023

Alternative nutrient management options have improved with many synergistic processes of spatial and temporal scale leading to sustained and stabilized productivity due to concerns over the irregular and uneven application of mineral fertilizers. However, understanding the productivity dynamics of biomass and yield in diverse nutrient management and crop rotation intensities is important. This study was conducted during the transitional period with conventional (CONV), integrated (INT), and organic (ORG) nutrient management under four crop diversification intensities in a dry zone of Sri Lanka. Mono-cropped rice (LOW) and a rice-maize rotation (HIGH) were the starting point. After 1 year, the intensity of diversification was increased by adding interseason sunnhemp (rice-sunnhemp-rice; MEDIUM and rice-sunnhemp-maize; VERY HIGH). The INT LOW system during the 1st cycle was very effective. Crop biomass (41%), final grain yield (28%), and rice equivalent yield (36%) increased with the ORG LOW system than at ORG HIGH system. In the 2nd cycle, there was a higher grain yield (54%) and a higher rice equivalent yield (53%) in the ORG HIGH than ORG LOW. The productivity under VERY HIGH rotation was similar in ORG, INT, and CONV towards the end of two-year study. Halving the amount of mineral fertilizers and compensating with organic fertilizers maintains the productivity of existing crops without losing their full reliance on mineral fertilizers. Increasing the diversity from rice mono-cropping to rice-sunnhemp-maize cropping system delivered better synergy by improving overall productivity and grain yields in the organic system. This provides details for new farming system designs combined with ecological and sustainable pathways.
HAHNet: A convolutional neural network for HER2 status classification of breast cancer
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Zhu Xiaodong , Chen Kai , Hao Lei , Liu Yuanning
Published: May 2023

Background: Breast cancer is a major health problem for women. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is a very important diagnostic and prognostic factor for breast cancer, and HER2 status classification is essential for the development of treatment plans for breast cancer. Generally speaking, pathologists will adopt immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess HER2 status, which requires additional economic costs. Furthermore, the manual assessment of HER2 status is time-consuming and error-prone. In recent years, deep learning has been widely used in medical field and has attained great achievements. However, the existing deep learning methods for HER2 status classification of conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images are not accurate enough.
Results: To address these problems, a neural network model named HAHNet is proposed in this paper. HAHNet combines multi-scale features with attention mechanisms, which is able to directly classify HER2 status of H&E stained histological images of breast cancer. Typically, the HAHNet network mainly includes convolution preprocessing, attention mechanism, downsampling, and multi-scale feature extraction. The experimental results show that HAHNet outperforms other existing methods with regard to six metrics of Accuracy, Sensitivity, Precision, F-score, MCC, and AUC.
Conclusions: Collectively, the above experiments demonstrate that our proposed HAHNet achieves high performance in classifying the HER2 status of breast cancer using only H&E stained samples, which can be used in case classification and helps to reduce the cost required for diagnosis.