bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sub‐Paratethyan origin and Middle to Late Miocene principal diversification of the Lactucinae (Compositae: Cichorieae) inferred from molecular phylogenetics, divergence‐dating and biogeographic analysis
Authors: Kilian Norbert , Sennikov Alexander , Wang Ze-Huan , Gemeinholzer Birgit , Zhang Jian-Wen
Published: June 2017

The Lactucinae or Lactuca alliance include approximately 200 species distributed across the Northern Hemisphere and Africa. They were not recognised as a separate lineage until the late 20th century and their circumscription is still not fully settled. The generic classification of no other group of the Cichorieae has faced as many controversies as the Lactuca alliance and competing taxonomies coexist. This paper provides the first molecular phylogeny of the subtribe on a global scale as a major step towards its revised systematics. The sampling includes almost 60% of the species‐level diversity and spans all species groups. Two datasets were created, one including the nrDNA ITS region, the other five concatenated non‐coding plastid DNA loci. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were used to produce a robust phylogenetic backbone. The diversification and expansion of the Lactucinae in a geohistorical context was reconstructed by estimating the age of their lineages using relaxed molecular clock dating and by inferring the ancestral areas using Bayesian binary analysis. The redelimited monophyletic Lactucinae are composed of seven lineages that also include Prenanthes, which is confirmed to have a single species, P. purpurea. The positions of two further lineages shift between Lactucinae and Crepidinae in the nuclear and plastid DNA phylogenies. Incongruence between the phylogenies suggests events of ancient reticulation or incomplete lineage sorting in the formation of these latter two lineages and in two of the seven other Lactucinae lineages. The phylogenetic results show a dilemma for Lactucinae systematics: most generic concepts proposed to date are highly artificial but the resolved phylogenetic lineages do not constitute practicable taxonomic entities with our current knowledge. Diversification of the subtribe is inferred to have taken place since the Middle Miocene. Biogeographic analysis proposes that the clade originated in the mountains of the landmass mediating between the European and Asian continents and delimited in the south by the Tethys Sea and in the north by the Paratethys Sea. Several independent migrations have occurred into various parts of Asia, Europe, tropical Africa and North America.
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО В СЕВЕРНЫХ РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ
Authors: Gasnikova Anastasia Aleksandrovna , Chapargina Anastasia Nikolaevna
Published: June 2017

Рассмотрены основные вопросы организации и нормативно-правового обеспечения государственно-частного партнерства (ГЧП). Проанализированы рейтинговые оценки северных регионов России по уровню развития государственно-частного партнерства в 2013–2016 гг. Исследована структура проектов ГЧП на региональном уровне по объему частных инвестиций, уровню и видам реализации. Концептуально обоснованы предложения по дальнейшему развитию ГЧП в регионах. Обоснована необходимость развития единой системы контроля и мониторинга проектов ГЧП, повышения инвестиционной привлекательности региона в целом, использования дополнительных финансовых инструментов для финансирования проектов, повышения информированности о проектах ГЧП, создание площадок для открытой дискуссии представителей власти и бизнеса.Цель: выявить особенности развития ГЧП в северных регионах России.Методы или методология проведения работы: анализ и синтез, сравнение, сочетание индуктивного и дедуктивного методов, статистические и математические методы, а также комплексный подход.Результаты: проанализировано правовое обеспечение ГЧП; представлен анализ рейтинговых оценок ГЧП; выделены особенности его развития в северных регионах; даны рекомендации по активизации ГЧП на региональном уровне.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты могут быть использованы для решения методологических и практических задач по совершенствованию развития ГЧП в России с учетом региональных особенностей.
ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ СУБЪЕКТОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Zeynalov Isabaly Musa oglu , Fedorov Maxim Vasilevich
Published: June 2017

Изучая проблемы развития и становления самой сути продовольственной безопасности, следует отметить, что в последнее время государство все больше уделяет внимание вопросу правового регулирования безопасности пищевой продукции и в целом безопасности продовольствия.Устанавливаются цели, задачи и основные направления государственной экономической и аграрной политик в области обеспечения продовольственной безопасности Российской Федерации. По нашему мнению, обеспечению продовольственной независимости страны, будет способствовать проведение последовательной политики в сфере обеспечения продовольственной безопасности в субъектах Российской Федерации. Многое здесь зависит, не только от применения экономических рычагов, но и от нормативно-правовой базы, в которой закрепляются (должны закрепляться) требования и гарантии: как для производителя сельскохозяйственной продукции, так и для тех, кто ее реализует.Важным является определение способности субъектов России производить те или иные продукты питания, важно учесть агроресурсный потенциал регионов, определить долю их участия в обеспечении продовольственной независимости Российской Федерации.Цель – рассмотреть возможности формирования нормативно-правовой базы в области обеспечения продовольственной безопасности субъектов России.Метод или методология проведения работы: во время написания статьи, применялся комплексный метод исследования.Результаты: сделаны выводы о необходимости развития сельских территорий и принятии Федерального закона «О продовольственной безопасности Российской Федерации».Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять в рамках формирования нормативно-правовой базы в сфере продовольственной безопасности.
Sporadic potassium layers and their connection to sporadic E layers in the mesopause region at Beijing, China
Authors: Цзин Цзяо , Jing Jiao , Готао Ян , Guotao Yang , Цзихун Ван , Jihong Wang , Сюэу Чэн , Xuewu Cheng , Фацюнь Ли , Faqun Li
Published: June 2017

A double-laser beam lidar to measure potassium (K) layer at Beijing (40.5° N, 116.2° E) was successfully developed in 2010. The parameters of sporadic Ks layers and their distributions were given. The seasonal distribution of Ks occurrence frequency was obtained, with two maxima in July and January. The seasonal distributions of sporadic Es layer occurrence frequency over Beijing differ from those of Ks. However, the good correlation between Es and Ks in the case-by-case studies supports the mechanism of neutralization of metal ions in a descending Es layer.
On One Property of a Circle on the Coordinate Plane
Authors: Графский  , Grafskiy O. , Пономарчук  , Ponomarchuk Yu.
Published: June 2017

Descartes’ and Fermat's method allowed to define many geometrical forms, including circles, on the coordinate plane by means of the arithmetic equations and to make necessary analytical operations in order to solve many problems of theoretical and applied research in various scientific areas, for example. However, the equations of a circle and other conics in the majority of research topics are used in the subsequent analysis of applied problems, or for analytical confirmation of constructive solutions in geometrical research, according to Russian geometrician G. Monge and others, including. It is natural to consider a circle as a locus of points, equidistant from a given point — a center of the circle, with a constant distance R. There is another definition of a circle: a set of points from which a given segment is visible under constant directed angle. Besides, a circle is accepted to model the Euclid plane in the known scheme of non-Euclidean geometry of Cayley-Klein, it is the absolute which was given by A. Cayley for the first time in his memoirs. It is possible to list various applications of this geometrical form, especially for harmonism definition of the corresponding points, where the diametral opposite points of a circle are accepted as basic, and also for construction of involutive compliances. The construction of tangents to a circle can be considered as a classical example. Their constructive definition is simple, but also constructions on the basis of known projective geometry postulates are possible (a hexagon when modeling a series of the second order, Pascal's lines). These postulates can be applied to construction of tangents to a circle (to an ellipse and hyperboles to determination of imaginary points of intersection of a circle and a line. This paper considers the construction of tangents to a circle without the use of arches of auxiliary circles, which was applied in order to determine the imaginary points of intersection of a circle and a line (an axis of coordinates). Besides, various dependences of parameter p2, which is equal to the product of the values of the intersection points’ coordinates of a circle and coordinate axes, are analytically determined.
Reconstruction of Quadratic Cremona Transformation
Authors: Короткий  , Korotkiy Viktor
Published: June 2017

The geometric correspondence between the points of two planes can be considered well defined only when base data for its establishing is available, and a construction method by which its possible on the basis of these data for each point in one plane to find the corresponding points in the other one. Quadratic Cremona transformation can be specified by pointing out in the combined plane seven pairs of corresponding points. Naturally there is a need to establish a method for constructing any number of corresponding points. An outstanding Russian geometer K.A. Andreev indicated the linear construction based on the consideration of two correlations by which for each eighth point in the one plane is found the corresponding point of the other one. But in his work was not set up a problem to construct excluded (fundamental) points of quadratic Cremona transformation specified by seven pairs of points. There are many constructive ways to obtain the quadratic transformation in the plane. For example, it can be obtained by using two pairs of projective pencils of straight lines with vertices at the fundamental points (F-points). K.A. Andreev noted that this method for establishing of quadratic correspondence spread only to those cases when all F-points are the real ones. This statement is true for the 19th century’s level of geometric science, but today it’s too categorical. The theory of imaginary elements in geometry allows to develop a universal algorithm for construction of corresponding points in a quadratic transformation, given both by real and imaginary F-points. Summarizing the K.A. Andreev task, we come to the problem of finding the fundamental points (F-points) for a quadratic transformation specified by seven pairs of corresponding points. Almost one and half century the K.A. Andreev generalized task remained unsolved. The formation of this task’s constructive solution algorithm and its practical implementation has become possible by means of modern computer geometric modeling. According to proposed algorithm, the construction of F-points is reduced to the construction of second order auxiliary curves, on which intersection are marked the required F-points. The result received in this paper is used for development of the Cremona transformations’ theory, and for further application of this theory in the practice of geometric modeling.
Conics As Sections of Quadrics by Plane (Generalized Dandelin Theorem)
Authors: Хейфец  , Kheyfets Aleksandr
Published: June 2017

Has been presented a geometrical proof of a theorem stating that when a plane section crosses second-order revolution surfaces (rotation quadrics, RQ), such types of conics as ellipse, hyperbola or parabola are formed. The theorem amplifies historically famous Dandelin theorem, which provides geometric proof only for the circular cone, and extends the proof to all RQ: ellipsoid, hyperboloid, paraboloid and cylinder. That is why the theorem described below has been called as Generalized Dandelin theorem (GDT). The GDT proof has been constructed on a little-known generalized definition (GDD) of the conic. This GDD defines the conic as a line, that is a geometrical locus of points (GLP) P, for which ratio q = PT / PD = const, where PT is tangential distance from the point to the circle inscribed in the line, and PD is distance from the point to the straight line passing through the tangency points of the circle and the line. Has been presented a proof of GDD for all types of conics as their necessary and sufficient condition. The proof is in the construction of a circular cone and inscribed in sphere which is tangent to a cutting plane line at two points. For this construction is defined the position of a cutting plane, giving in section the specified conic. On the GDD basis has been proved the GDT for all the RQ with the arbitrary position of the cutting plane. For the proving a tangent sphere is placed in the quadric. An auxiliary cutting plane passing through the quadric axis is introduced. It is proved that in a section by axial plane the GDD is performed as a necessary condition for the conic. The relationship between the axial section and the given one is established. This permits to make a conclusion that in the given section the GDD is performed as the conic’s sufficient condition. Visual stereometrical constructions that are necessary for the theorem proof have been presented. The implementation of constructions using 3D computer methods has been considered. The examples of constructions in AutoCAD package have been demonstrated. Some constructions have been carried out with implementation of 2D parameterization. With regard to affine transformations the possibility for application of Generalized Dandelin theorem to all elliptic quadrics has been demonstrated. This paper is meant for including the GDT in a new training course on theoretical basis for 3D engineering computer graphics as a part of students’ geometrical-graphic training.
‘Modern’ distal femoral locking plates allow safe, early weight-bearing with a high rate of union and low rate of failure
Authors: Poole W. E. C. , Wilson D. G. G. , Guthrie H. C. , Bellringer S. F. , Freeman R. , Guryel E. , Nicol S. G.
Published: June 2017

Aims

Fractures of the distal femur can be challenging to manage and are on the increase in the elderly osteoporotic population. Management with casting or bracing can unacceptably limit a patient’s ability to bear weight, but historically, operative fixation has been associated with a high rate of re-operation. In this study, we describe the outcomes of fixation using modern implants within a strategy of early return to function.

Patients and Methods

All patients treated at our centre with lateral distal femoral locking plates (LDFLP) between 2009 and 2014 were identified. Fracture classification and operative information including weight-bearing status, rates of union, re-operation, failure of implants and mortality rate, were recorded.

Results

A total of 127 fractures were identified in 122 patients. The mean age was 72.8 years (16 to 101) and 92 of the patients (75%) were female. A consultant performed the operation in 85 of the cases, (67%) with the remainder performed under direct consultant supervision. In total 107 patients (84%) were allowed to bear full weight immediately. The rate of clinical and radiological union was 81/85 (95%) and only four fractures of 127 (3%) fractures required re-operation for failure of surgery. The 30-day, three- and 12-month mortality rates were 6 (5%), 17 (15%) and 25 (22%), respectively.

Conclusion

Our study suggests an exponential increase in the incidence of a fracture of the distal femur with age, analogous to the population suffering from a proximal femoral fracture. Allowing immediate unrestricted weight-bearing after LDFLP fixation in these elderly patients was not associated with failure of fixation. There was a high rate of union and low rate of re-operation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:951–7.
Laparoscopic treatment of cystic artery pseudoaneurysm in the presence of calculous cholecystitis
Authors: Zucker B , Walsh U , Nott D
Published: June 2017

Cystic artery pseudoaneurysm is a very rare disease in which there is an abnormal, focal dilatation of the artery supplying the gallbladder. The condition may occur as a consequence of a localised inflammatory response, such as in cholecystitis. Here, we present the case of a 56-year-old man who presented with chronic cholecystitis in whom a 1.8 cm × 2 cm cystic artery pseudoaneurysm was found incidentally during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Prior to the operation, routine investigations such as ultrasound revealed no indication of cystic artery pseudoaneurysm, ruptured or otherwise. This case is reported to emphasise that cystic artery pseudoaneurysm may be caused by chronic or acute cholecystitis and that skilled surgeons may handle them laparoscopically.
La cultura corporativa en las industrias creativas del Arco Mediterráneo en España a través de un análisis Delphi
Authors: Rodríguez-Monteagudo Eliseo , Olivares-Delgado Fernando
Published: June 2017

Este trabajo aborda la conceptualización, valoración e interconexión del territorio creativo, las industrias creativas y la cultura corporativa. Para ello se emplea el método Delphi a través de un panel de 16 expertos y expertas de España de los ámbitos del territorio, la economía, el branding y la gestión de la cultura corporativa al que se le remite un cuestionario en varias rondas. Los datos tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos obtenidos permiten aportar nuevas y/o definiciones actualizadas, así como especificar la influencia de la cultura de empresa en los procesos de comunicación y creatividad, entre otros aspectos, de las industrias creativas.
Marketing and materiality in the popular music transmedia of Gorillaz’ Plastic Beach
Authors: Jeffery Alex-David
Published: June 2017

The entertainment complexes of narrative transmedia contain few instances based in popular music. However, those that exist provide intriguing case studies, highly distinct from those based in film and television. The most fully realized of these, Gorillaz’ Plastic Beach (2010), is rich in visual media typical of popular music culture, including sleeve art, animated music videos. The tangible materiality foregrounded in these visuals stems from the main ecological theme of the album: the disposability of plastic waste. Using methods of analysis of the original texts, and a survey of the networked fan practices that respond to them, the essay theorizes that the material and haptic invitation in these visuals is at odds with the diminishing presence of physical consumables within popular music culture. It then argues that fans enter into this gap with their own creative practices, making and playing with hand-made or customized objects inspired by Plastic Beach, activating unexploited, marketing potential within the album. Although current applications of this research are limited due to the low frequency of popular music transmedia case studies, it points the way forward to theoretically more successful marketing strategies in the future.
Osteoporosis and periodontitis: a bidirectional relationship
Authors: Khinda Paramjit Kaur
Published: June 2017

Osteoporosis is a condition of compromised bone strength that predisposes an individual to increased risk of fracture and is a major cause of morbidity in older susceptible individuals. Osteoporosis is related to various endocrinal abnormalities, metabolic and nutritional factors, postmenopausal hormonal changes and consumption of certain drugs such as cortisone. Emerging clinical and molecular evidence suggests that inflammation also exerts significant influence on osteoporotic bone changes. Numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to be associated with regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Chronic inflammatory conditions causing immune system remodeling may serve as pathological risk factors for osteoporosis. The present article reviews the current perspective on the interaction between bone morphology and immune system in the inflammatory condition (periodontitis), unleashing the link between two chronic conditions.KeywordsOsteoporosis; Periodontitis; Inflammation; Bone remodelling.
Sequelae in primary teeth after traumatic injury
Authors: Fontenele Mayara , Macedo Maiara , Rebouças Pedro , Silva Paulo Goberlânio de Barros , De Sousa Denise Lins , Araújo de Sousa Rebecca Bastos Rocha , Gondim Juliana Oliveira , Moreira Neto José Jeová
Published: June 2017

Purpose: Determine the prevalence of injuries due to dislocation in the primary dentition and the associated sequelae in children treated at Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará. Material and Methods: The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee Medical School of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. It was conducted through a transversal retrospective observational investigation. Data were collected from the medical records from 2000 to 2014. We use the statistical analysis software SPSS (Statistical Packacge for the Social Sciences) 17.0 for Windows. Results: The sample consisted of 52 patients, totaling 75 traumatized primary teeth. The average age at injury was 37.6 months and the most affected gender was male (65.4 %). Most injuries occurred at home (57.7 %) and consequently to fall from height (73%). The most common type of dislocation for injury was intrusion (53.3 %) and color change (42.7%), pulp necrosis (37.3 %) and obliteration of the root canal (13.3%) the most frequent sequelae. Conclusions: The high prevalence of sequelae (74.7 %) shows that proper treatment should happen at right time in order to reduce the occurrence of sequelae.KEYWORDS Deciduous teeth; Sequelae; Tooth injuries.
Evaluation of masticatory and salivary parameters in preschool children with different morphological occlusion
Authors: Marquezin Maria Carolina Salomé , Gauch Clízia Genoveze , Siqueira Camila Alvarez , Kobayashi Fernanda Yukie , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Castelo Paula Midori
Published: June 2017

Objective: To better understand the relationship between malocclusion and masticatory and salivary functions in the primary dentition, the aim was to evaluate the differences in masticatory performance (MP), facial morphology (FM), maximal bite force (BF) and salivary parameters in 65 preschool children with normal occlusion (n = 22), functional posterior crossbite (n = 20) and anterior open bite (n = 23), and to explore the relationship between these variables. Material and Methods: MP, FM and BF were assessed by sieving method, anthropometry and gnatodynamometer, respectively. Stimulated (SS) and unstimulated (US) saliva flow and composition were measured by automated colorimetric technique. Data were analyzed using ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis, t-test/Wilcoxon and Pearson/Spearman correlation test. The relationship between SS flow rate and the independent variables were assessed using multiple linear regression. Results: The lower face dimension was smaller in crossbite-group, and a decreased BF in the crossbite-side of the dental arch was observed. BF correlated positively with intergonial width in open bite group. In malocclusion groups, better MP correlated with byzigomatic and intergonial widths. US flow rate was lower in crossbite-group and total protein concentration differed between SS and US saliva only in the crossbite-group, being lower in US. Amylase activity was higher in SS than US in all groups. SS flow rate related positively with age and negatively with the presence of malocclusion. Conclusion: In young subjects, significant correlations were found between masticatory parameters and facial dimensions; in addition, some important masticatory and salivary parameters differed between children with different morphological occlusions, hence the importance of the early assessment of these parameters.KEYWORDS Bite Force; Dental Occlusion; Masticatory System; Primary Dentition.
Marginal leakage of temporary restoration after intraradicular post preparation with or without waterproofing
Authors: Cosme-Silva Leopoldo , Viola Naiana Viana , De Carvalho Leon Franco , Khoury Rayana Duarte , Gomes Filho Joao Eduardo , De Carvalho Elaine Manso Oliveira Franco
Published: June 2017

Objective: This study evaluated the leakage volume of 1% Rhodamine B which received or not an internal waterproofing material. The hypothesis is that the waterproofing reduces microleakage. Material and Methods: Forty-two human teeth were selected for this study. After access, preparation, and filling of root canals, the teeth were divided into 3 groups: GI – sealed with Cimpat Blanc®, without intraradicular post/core preparation; GII - sealed with Cimpat Blanc®, with intraradicular post/core preparation, and GIII – sealed with Cimpat Blanc®, with intraradicular post/core preparation and internal waterproofing material with ethyl cyanoacrylate. T-test was used to analyze difference between initial and final weight and there was difference (p < 0.05). To analyze infiltration of the colorant, the volume was the comparison variable. Results: Shapiro Wilk- test was applied and showed normal distribution of the variables. ANOVA (p = 0.0013 / p<5%) applied and determined a statistical difference between the groups. When comparing the groups together, GIII show the smallest leakage rate when compared with the other groups, being statistically different (Tukey test - p < 0.5). Conclusion: In endodontically treated teeth receiving temporary restoration, the use of ethyl cyanoacrylate as internal waterproofing material is effective in preventing microleakage.KeywordsDental leakage; Endodontics; Dental restoration, temporary; Coloring agents.
Alternative technique for preliminary impression in edentulous patients
Authors: Paes-Junior Tarcisio , Costa Anna Karina Figueiredo , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Cunha Lucas Daniel da
Published: June 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the reproducibility of the anatomic models of edentulous maxillary and mandibular arches.  Material and Methods: Alginate molds of the edentulous arches of standard model were performed and the tray was placed to the special device. These models received three metal spheres on surface with two positioned on the crest of the alveolar ridge (spheres 1 and 2) and other one perpendicular to the intersection of the midpalatal suture (sphere 3) and impression was performed using alginate. The proportion powder/liquid was measured according manufacturer for both arches. To double molding technique with alginate was necessary to uniformly relieve using an acetate film. After that, were performed the first impression and the second layer of alginate with conventional water-powder-proportion and also the second layer of alginate with altered water-powder-proportion. The distances of each spheres were obtained using a three-dimensional measuring-machine, and the data were analyzed by Dunnet, ANOVA and Tukey tests with a significant level of 5%. Results: A comparison of the water-powder-proportion showed significant differences in the maxillary archer with sphere distance between 3-2 (p < 0.0001) and 1-3 (p < 0.0001). The mandibular archer showed significant differences when relief between distance 1-2 (p<0.041).  The Dunnet test showed different in 1-2 mandibular groups (p < 0.0450). Conclusion: The reline alginate techniques showed differences in results in comparison to the conventional technique, however, the proportion water/powder technique modified, decreasing the viscosity, showed satisfactory results, the relief variable showed no difference statistically significantly and the techniques proposed could be employed in clinical practice.KeywordsAlginate; Complete denture; Edentulism.
Aplicación de modelo ARIMA para el análisis de series de volúmenes anuales en el río Magdalena
Authors: Amaris Gloria , Ávila Humberto , Guerrero Thomas
Published: June 2017

Contexto: Los efectos del cambio climático, intervenciones humanas y características de los ríos, son factores que incrementan el riesgo en la población y de los recursos hídricos. Sin embargo, impactos negativos como inundaciones y desecación de ríos pueden ser identificados previamente mediante el uso de herramientas de modelación adecuadas.Objetivos: Se estima un modelo ARIMA para el análisis de series de tiempo de volúmenes anuales (millones de m3/año) en el río Magdalena usando registros de la estación Calamar (Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia - Ideam), buscando la compatibilidad entre la hipótesis de modelación y los datos observados en el río.Métodos: El modelo ARIMA es considerado uno de los enfoques más implementados en hidrología y estudios relacionados con variabilidad climática dado que considera registros no estacionarios.Resultados: El pronóstico de volumen máximo del río Magdalena para los años 2013 a 2024 oscila entre 289.695 millones de m3 y 309.847 millones de m3. El pronóstico de volumen mínimo para los años de 2013 a 2024 oscila entre 179.123 millones de m3 y 157.764 millones de m3 con una tendencia de decrecimiento de 106 millones de m3 en 100 años.Conclusiones: Los resultados de la simulación con el modelo ARIMA, comparados con los datos observados, muestran un ajuste adecuado de los valores mínimos y máximos. Esto permite concluir que, aunque estos modelos no simulan el comportamiento exacto en el tiempo, son una buena herramienta para aproximar eventos mínimos y máximos.
Undergraduate Pre-service EFL Teachers’ Conceptions of Research: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Reyes-Cruz María Del Rosario , Rueda de León-Barbosa Lorgia Isamar , Murrieta-Loyo Griselda
Published: June 2017

This study explores, from a pragmatist perspective, the conceptions of research of undergraduate pre-service teachers from an English Language Major at a public Mexican university.  A survey design was used. The informants were 108 pre-service EFL teachers from the second, sixth and tenth semesters. The conceptions of research showed similar percentages among the pre-service teachers from those semesters. Only a slight variation was found in the factor “misconceptions about research”. The factor “research about problem solution” was the only one that showed a significant but weak correlation with the semester in which undergraduate pre-service EFL teachers were. Slight differences were also found between age range and conceptions of research.  The lack of differences among the research conceptions of these undergraduate pre-service EFL teachers is opposed to the findings of previous studies. This can be explained by the fact that those studies were done in varied contexts and with post graduate students from disciplines different from the foreign language teaching area. It is suggested to correct students’ misconceptions and promote research activities during the bachelor degree.
Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2005) Understanding by design (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development ASCD.
Authors: Dávila Rubio Alejandro Mauricio
Published: June 2017

Writers and curriculum experts Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe present in this second edition of their best-seller Understanding by Design not only a framework to work on curriculum design in a more comprehensive, overarching, and thorough way but also a pedagogical as well as educational perspective that encourages teachers, students, administrative staff, and even policy makers, to reconsider the purpose, objectives, and impact that a thoughtful curriculum design can have for the community in which it is implemented. In this book, the authors provide a clear depiction of both the theoretical foundations and the practical elements putting everything together for the construction of the design of learning. The different chapters follow their three-staged backward design idea which I consider useful for a full understanding of this innovative way of planning and designing a curriculum.
Algoritmo recursivo funcional para verificación y monitoreo de la densidad de números primos
Authors: Trejos Buriticá Omar Iván
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo formula una solución recursiva, usando programación funcional, para la verificación y monitoreo de la densidad de los números primos que corresponde a la cantidad de números primos que se encuentran en un rango determinado. A partir de este planteamiento se hacen algunas reflexiones en torno a la relación entre matemática y programación de computadores así como alrededor de las tendencias que se notan en la estimación progresiva de la densidad de los números primos cuando se hacen algunas modificaciones en los rangos de evaluación. El propósito de este artículo es poner a consideración de los lectores una solución simple y ágil en la solución del problema planteado así como las reflexiones que de allí se derivan.
Aplicación de herramientas CAD/CAM para el diseño y fabricación de prototipos de moldes de inyección de plásticos
Authors: Suárez Castrillón Albert Miyer , Tafur Preciado Wilson , Calderón Nieves Pedro Rodolfo
Published: June 2017

El estudio, desarrollo y fabricación de moldes de inyección se facilita con la implementación de las herramientas CAD y CAM que ofrece el mercado, aplicando estas herramientas se diseñó y construyó un prototipo de molde para la inyección de materiales termoplásticos, con base en un molde del laboratorio de inyección de la Universidad de Pamplona, al cual se le hicieron modificaciones para experimentar con su diseño. Se fabricó el prototipo por medio de un escaneo 3D del molde original para obtener los archivos CAD /CAM con la simulación de la técnica de impresión 3D, para realizar un estudio experimental con el prototipo para la adaptación de sensores de temperatura y presión, y para recibir recubrimientos de materiales metálicos para su utilización en el proceso de moldeo por inyección.
Efecto del gas en la velocidad de onda de corte de suelos arenosos densificados con explosivos
Authors: Vega-Posada Carlos Alberto , Ramos-Cañón Alfonso Mariano , García Aristizábal Edwin Fabián
Published: June 2017

Contexto: Los ensayos de velocidad de onda de corte (Vs), son comúnmente utilizados para estimar el incremento en resistencia de suelos densificados con explosivos. En algunos casos históricos los ensayos de Vs realizados después del proceso de mejoramiento de suelo no muestran un incremento significativo en la resistencia del suelo, aun cuando la superficie del terreno se asienta más de 0,50 m. Se cree que esta respuesta se debe a la presencia de gas en la masa de suelo.Método: En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de ensayos triaxiales monotónicos realizados en muestras de suelos arenosos gaseosos medianamente densos, para evaluar el efecto del gas ocluido en la respuesta a la velocidad de onda de corte en arenas densificadas con explosivos. Muestras de arena fueron recolectadas de un depósito de arena suelta localizado in Carolina del Sur, Estados Unidos, y el cual fue densificado in situ con explosivos. Las muestras fueron consolidadas a las condiciones de esfuerzo efectivo in situ, las cuales se consideran representativas de las condiciones de esfuerzo en el momento de realizar la densificación con explosivos.Resultados: Los resultados de los ensayos triaxiales, realizados bajo condiciones no-drenadas globales, mostraron que, independientemente de la densidad de la muestra, el gas hace que los valores de velocidad de onda de corte obtenidos para las arenas gaseosas se aproximen a los valores de velocidad de onda de corte obtenidos en las muestras saturadas ensayadas bajo condiciones drenadas. Además, este comportamiento tiende a ser más pronunciado a medida que el suelo es más denso.Conclusiones: Esta respuesta podría ofrecer algunas luces sobre porqué la velocidad de corte no se incrementa significantemente en suelos densificados con explosivos aun cuando la densidad se incrementa considerablemente.
Comparación de las técnicas de extracción del voltaje de umbral basadas en la característica gm/ID del MOSFETs.
Authors: Fajardo Jaimes Arturo
Published: June 2017

Contexto: En los dispositivos de ultrabaja potencia son necesarios procedimientos precisos de extracción de voltaje de umbral del MOSFET. Estos se basan en la medición de la eficiencia de la transconductancia (gm/ID) y su primera derivada respecto al voltaje puerta-fuente (d(gm/ID)/ dVGS). Para aumentar en algunas decenas de mV la precisión del voltaje de umbral extraído, se recurre a un proceso de corrección de errores que disminuye la influencia del voltaje dreno-fuente (VDS) que teóricamente debería ser 0 V. Típicamente, en el montaje experimental, el VDS es mayor a 10 mV con el fin de evitar el ruido eléctrico, pero menor a un cierto valor máximo con el fin de permitir que el MOSFET siempre opere en su región lineal.Objetivo: Comparar el procedimiento de extracción propuesto por Schneider et al. (2006) y el método propuesto por Rudenko et al. (2011) con un escenario de prueba genérico, controlado y coherente. Método: Se implementó un escenario de prueba en el software Matlabâ para un MOSFET de canal largo fabricado en un proceso estándar CMOS de 0,35 mm, usando el modelo Advanced Compact MOSFET (ACM). Para comparar los dos procesos de extracción se tomó el concepto de potencia de corrección del error (PEC), el valor de este cuantifica la sensibilidad del proceso de extracción con respecto al valor no 0V del VDS usado experimentalmente (i.e., efecto NZ-DS).Resultados: Considerando el promedio, el máximo y el mínimo PEC obtenido para ambas metodologías de extracción, el procedimiento de corrección de errores propuesto en Siebel, Schneider y Galup (2012) y Schneider et al. (2006) estima el efecto NZ-DS mejor que el procedimiento propuesto en Rudenko et al. (2011) para un MOSFET de canal largo fabricado en un proceso estándar CMOS de 0,35 μm, cuando el VDS es inferior a 50 mV.Conclusiones: El procedimiento de extracción de Vth propuesto por Schneider et al. (2006) es más robusto que el sugerido en Rudenko et al. (2011) con respecto al efecto NZ-DS.
Further compression of focal plane array in compressive spectral imaging architectures
Authors: Alfonso Jeison Marín , Betancur Agudelo Leonardo , Arguello Fuentes Henry
Published: June 2017

Contexto: Las imágenes híper-espectrales 3D de alta resolución pueden ser capturadas en una imagen 2D mediante técnicas basadas en “sensado compresivo” (compressive sensing, en inglés). Entre estas técnicas, hay una denominada Compressive Spectral Imaging (CSI), de la cual se han propuesto diversas arquitecturas en los últimos ocho años. Una cámara óptica especialmente diseñada captura la información espacio-espectral de la escena e imprime proyecciones en un plano focal 2D (Focal Plane Array, FPA). Estas muestras se pueden transmitir o almacenar; luego la imagen original puede ser reconstruida usando comúnmente un algoritmo de optimización de la norma . El tamaño en bytes del FPA es menor que la imagen original, y éste por lo tanto puede ser considerado una versión comprimida en 2D de la imagen original en 3D.Objetivo: Realizar una compresión adicional del FPA para cuatro arquitecturas CSI, para incrementar las velocidades de transmisión o disminuir tamaños de almacenamiento.Método: En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de esta compresión adicional usando la codificación aritmética y se propone una transformación inversa que se aplica al FPA con base en la estructura de los filtros ópticos y los códigos de apertura de las cámaras usadas en CSI, lo cual permite aumentar su factor de compresión.Resultados: Los resultados muestran que el factor de compresión aumenta entre 1 y 2 puntos en tres de las arquitecturas.Conclusiones: A pesar de que hay pérdidas de datos en el proceso de transformación-cuantificación-compresión-descompresión del FPA, para cada arquitectura CSI usada, la calidad del cubo de datos posteriormente reconstruido expresada en el PSNR entre la imagen original y la reconstruida, no difiere significativamente de la versión original.
A quantitative and qualitative performance analysis of compressive spectral imagers
Authors: Medina Rojas Ferley , Arguello Fuentes Henry , Gómez Santamaía Cristina
Published: June 2017

Contexto: Las imágenes espectrales (SI) contienen información espacio-espectral acerca de una escena disponible en un cubo de datos que usualmente comprende una cantidad significativa de éstos. Los sistemas tradicionales de (SI) adquieren datos redundantes ignorando la alta correlación entre las mediciones y las muestras redundantes. Los sistemas de compresión de imágenes espectrales comprimen los datos espectrales en la etapa de adquisición, lo que permite reducir la cantidad de datos y la redundancia. Actualmente, existen varios sistemas de imágenes espectrales disponibles que proporcionan nuevas funciones para los usuarios y abren un amplio campo de nuevas aplicaciones. Por ejemplo, los sistemas de CASSI, SCSI, SSCS, y HYCA son cuatro de los más destacados.Método: La revisión de algunos trabajos provee amplios estudios de tecnologías disponibles y muestra cómo se pueden utilizar las nuevas capacidades de los enfoques de formación de imágenes espectrales. Sin embargo, para la selección de una arquitectura específica se requiere una comparación cuantitativa y cualitativa de estos sistemas en los mismos escenarios.Resultados: En este trabajo se analiza el rendimiento cualitativo y cuantitativo de estos cuatro sistemas de compresión de imágenes espectrales para evaluarlos en los mismos escenarios. Para ello, cada arquitectura se modela como un sistema de ecuaciones lineales y el proceso de reconstrucción de las imágenes se logra con el mismo enfoque de optimización transmitancia, código de apertura y número de proyecciones.Conclusión: Se muestra que el sistema SSCSI alcanza el mejor rendimiento en la reconstrucción con el valor más alto PSNR.
O początkach bibliometrii
Authors: Godin Benoît
Published: June 2017

Pośród wielu statystyk dotyczących nauki, nazywanych naukometrią, bibliometria zajmuje szczególne miejsce. Jest jedną z niewielu poddziedzin, skupiających się na mierzeniu wytwórczego wymiaru nauki. Zgodnie z większością „historii” bibliometria zawdzięcza swój systematyczny rozwój przede wszystkim D.J. de Solla Price’owi i Eugene’owi Garfieldowi, jej twórcom. Kilka prac wykonanych przed latami 50. XX wieku przeważnie umieszcza się w prehistorii. Niniejszy artykuł dowodzi, że systematyczne liczenie publikacji zaczęło się od psychologów. Na początku XX wieku zaczęli oni zbierać statystyki dotyczące swojej dyscypliny. Przez kilka dekad na poczet publikacji zaliczano przemówienia, recenzje i spisane historie psychologii. Celem zaś było przyczynienie się do rozwoju tej dziedziny. Zarówno rozmiar, jak i systematyczność tych wysiłków, niedające się sprowadzić do nieznaczących osiągnięć natury prehistorycznej, są dowodami na pionierski charakter tej pracy, zaś jej autorów należy uznać za prekursorów bibliometrii.
Uodpowiedzialnianie akademii – formacje wiedzy i władza parametryzacji w dyskursie akademickim
Authors: Ostrowicka Helena , Spychalska-Stasiak Justyna
Published: June 2017

Artykuł przedstawia rezultaty analizy dyskursu akademickiego na temat parametryzacji, prowadzonego w latach 2011-2014 na łamach Forum Akademickiego i Nauki. Celem badań było uchwycenie, w jaki sposób formacje wiedzy-władzy regulują, wytwarzają i podtrzymują określoną „prawdę” o akademii. Przedmiotem analizy uczyniono przedmioty wypowiedzi, pojęcia, modalności i strategie dyskursu. Postfoucaultowska analiza ukazała m.in. różne rodzaje krytyki parametryzacji, tematyczne rozproszenie i konsolidację oraz dynamiczny charakter badanego dyskursu. Poprzez wgląd w dyskurs o parametryzacji zostały zrekonstruowane racjonalności urządzania (defensywna, adaptacyjna i przedsiębiorcza) oraz dwie dyskursywnie podtrzymywane i konstruowane „prawdy” o uniwersytecie: dyskurs represjonowanej i uodpowiedzialnionej (konstruującej własną odpowiedzialność) akademii.
A Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Based p75NTRPeptide Mimetic Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis Induced Axonal Pathology and Demyelination
Authors: Gonsalvez David G. , Tran Giang , Fletcher Jessica L. , Hughes Richard A. , Hodgkinson Suzanne , Wood Rhiannon J. , Yoo Sang Won , De Silva Mithraka , Agnes Wong W. , McLean Catriona , Kennedy Paul , Kilpatrick Trevor J. , Murray Simon S. , Xiao Junhua
Published: June 2017

Axonal damage and demyelination are major determinants of disability in patients with peripheral demyelinating neuropathies. The neurotrophin family of growth factors are essential for the normal development and myelination of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and as such are potential therapeutic candidates for ameliorating axonal and myelin damage. In particular, BDNF promotes peripheral nerve myelination via p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) receptors. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a small structural mimetic of the region of BDNF that binds to p75NTR(cyclo-dPAKKR) in experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), an established animal model of peripheral demyelinating neuropathy. Examination of rodents induced with EAN revealed that p75NTRis abundantly expressed in affected peripheral nerves. We found that systemic administration of cyclo-dPAKKR ameliorates EAN disease severity and accelerates recovery. Animals treated with cyclo-dPAKKR displayed significantly better motor performance compared to control animals. Histological assessment revealed that cyclo-dPAKKR administration limits the extent of inflammatory demyelination and axonal damage, and protects against the disruption of nodal architecture in affected peripheral nerves. In contrast, a structural control peptide of cyclo-dPAKKR exerted no influence. Moreover, all the beneficial effects of cyclo-dPAKKR in EAN are abrogated in p75NTRheterozygous mice, strongly suggesting a p75NTR-dependent effect. Taken together, our data demonstrate that cyclo-dPAKKR ameliorates functional and pathological defects of EAN in a p75NTR-dependant manner, suggesting that p75NTRis a therapeutic target to consider for future treatment of peripheral demyelinating diseases and targeting of p75NTRis a strategy worthy of further investigation.
The Epistemology of Trust and Realist Effect in Charles Dickens’s Bleak House
Authors: Rajan Supritha
Published: June 2017

Supritha Rajan, “The Epistemology of Trust and Realist Effect in Charles Dickens’s Bleak House” (pp. 64–106)

This essay argues that the narrative structure of Charles Dickens’s Bleak House (1852–1853), which repeatedly shifts from the omniscient narrator’s skeptical stance to Esther’s trusting disposition, demonstrates how skepticism is ultimately grounded in an epistemology of trust. Trust constitutes a non-skepticist, affective attitude whose certitude in the phenomenal world is not subject to demonstrative proof. The latter model of trust is not only fundamental to epistemology, but also to ethical relations and practical life. The important role that trust plays in everyday life also poses relevance to our understanding of realist representation. Using Bleak House as its novelistic example, this essay considers realism as a mode that achieves its effect by inviting readers to adopt an attitude of trust. Such an account runs counter to traditional epistemologies of realism, which have typically aligned it with post-Cartesian skepticism.
ПРОБЛЕМИ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ НЕОБОРОТНИХ АКТИВІВ В ОБЛІКУ
Authors: Kafka S.M.
Published: June 2017

Досліджено підходи науковців України до обліку необоротних активів та критичний аналіз проблемних питань, вирішення яких ними розроблено, визначено ті, які й сьогодні вимагають додаткового доопрацювання: класифікація необоротних активів для цілей обліку. Запропоновано уніфікований підхід до класифікації необоротних активів з метою відображення інформації про них у системі бухгалтерського обліку для задоволення інформаційних потреб користувачів фінансових звітів щодо управління необоротними активами підприємства.