bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incarcerated sigmoid colon cancer in an inguinal hernia sac associated with an abdominal wall abscess: a case report
Authors: Mizuno Hironori , Nagai Hidemasa , Maeda Shingo , Miyake Hideo , Yoshioka Yuichiro , Yuasa Norihiro
Published: December 2019

Background

An inguinal hernia is a common disease; however, a malignant tumor within the inguinal hernia sac is rare, and perforated colon cancer in the hernia sac is extremely rare.

Case presentation

A 73-year-old man presented to our hospital with high fever and painful bulging of the lower abdomen. Computed tomography showed air-containing fluid in the abdominal wall, as well as localized wall thickness of the sigmoid colon in the left groin. An emergency operation revealed a huge subcutaneous abscess and a hard mass of the sigmoid colon within an indirect inguinal hernia sac. Sigmoidectomy and hernia repair using the Marcy method were performed. Lymph node dissection was performed through a transrectal abdominal incision. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma invading the serosal layer with lymph node metastasis.

Conclusions

Incarcerated inguinal hernia with perforated colon cancer is rare; an emergent operation should accordingly be performed based on infection control, oncological principles, and secure hernia repair.
Enhancing the value of accelerometer-assessed physical activity: meaningful visual comparisons of data-driven translational accelerometer metrics
Authors: Rowlands Alex V. , Dawkins Nathan P. , Maylor Ben , Edwardson Charlotte L. , Fairclough Stuart J. , Davies Melanie J. , Harrington Deirdre M. , Khunti Kamlesh , Yates Tom
Published: December 2019

The lack of consensus on meaningful and interpretable physical activity outcomes from accelerometer data hampers comparison across studies. Cut-point analyses are simple to apply and easy to interpret but can lead to results that are not comparable. We propose that the optimal accelerometer metrics for data analysis are not the same as the optimal metrics for translation. Ideally, analytical metrics are precise continuous variables that cover the intensity spectrum, while translational metrics facilitate meaningful, public-health messages and can be described in terms of activities (e.g. brisk walking) or intensity (e.g. moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). Two analytical metrics that capture the volume and intensity of the 24-h activity profile are average acceleration (volume) and intensity gradient (intensity distribution). These allow investigation of independent, additive and interactive associations of volume and intensity of activity with health; however, they are not immediately interpretable. The MX metrics, the acceleration above which the most active X minutes are accumulated, are translational metrics that can be interpreted in terms of indicative activities. Using a range of MX metrics illustrates the intensity gradient and average acceleration (i.e. 24-h activity profile). The M120, M60, M30, M15 and M5 illustrate the most active accumulated minutes of the day, the M1/3DAY the most active accumulated 8 h of the day. We demonstrate how radar plots of MX metrics can be used to interpret and translate results from between- and within-group comparisons, provide information on meeting guidelines, assess individual activity profiles relative to percentiles and compare activity profiles between domains and/or time periods.
Electrical stimulation as a novel tool for regulating cell behavior in tissue engineering
Authors: Chen Cen , Bai Xue , Ding Yahui , Lee In-Seop
Published: December 2019

Recently, electrical stimulation as a physical stimulus draws lots of attention. It shows great potential in disease treatment, wound healing, and mechanism study because of significant experimental performance. Electrical stimulation can activate many intracellular signaling pathways, and influence intracellular microenvironment, as a result, affect cell migration, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Electrical stimulation is using in tissue engineering as a novel type of tool in regeneration medicine. Besides, with the advantages of biocompatible conductive materials coming into view, the combination of electrical stimulation with suitable tissue engineered scaffolds can well combine the benefits of both and is ideal for the field of regenerative medicine. In this review, we summarize the various materials and latest technologies to deliver electrical stimulation. The influences of electrical stimulation on cell alignment, migration and its underlying mechanisms are discussed. Then the effect of electrical stimulation on cell proliferation and differentiation are also discussed.
Impact of risk management strategies on the credit risk faced by commercial banks of Balochistan
Authors: Rehman Zia Ur , Muhammad Noor , Sarwar Bilal , Raz Muhammad Asif
Published: December 2019

This study aims to identify risk management strategies undertaken by the commercial banks of Balochistan, Pakistan, to mitigate or eliminate credit risk. The findings of the study are significant as commercial banks will understand the effectiveness of various risk management strategies and may apply them for minimizing credit risk. This explanatory study analyses the opinions of the employees of selected commercial banks about which strategies are useful for mitigating credit risk. Quantitative data was collected from 250 employees of commercial banks to perform multiple regression analyses, which were used for the analysis. The results identified four areas of impact on credit risk management (CRM): corporate governance exerts the greatest impact, followed by diversification, which plays a significant role, hedging and, finally, the bank’s Capital Adequacy Ratio. This study highlights these four risk management strategies, which are critical for commercial banks to resolve their credit risk.
Genomic and human papillomavirus profiling of an oral cancer cohort identifies TP53 as a predictor of overall survival
Authors: Mundi Neil , Prokopec Stephenie D. , Ghasemi Farhad , Warner Andrew , Patel Krupal , MacNeil Danielle , Howlett Christopher , Stecho William , Plantinga Paul , Pinto Nicole , Ruicci Kara M. , Khan Mohammed Imran , Han Myung Woul , Yoo John , Fung Kevin , Sahovaler Axel , Palma David A. , Winquist Eric , Mymryk Joe S. , Barrett John W. , Boutros Paul C. , Nichols Anthony C.
Published: December 2019

Abtract

Background

The genomic landscape of head and neck cancer has been reported through The Cancer Genome Atlas project. We attempt to determine if high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) or frequently mutated genes are correlated with survival in an oral cancer cohort.

Methods

Patient demographic data along with data from final pathology was collected. Tumor DNA was analyzed using a custom Illumina targeted sequencing panel. Five high-risk HPV types were tested by qPCR. Statistical analyses were used to identify associations between patient outcome and mutational status.

Results

High-risk HPV types were identified in 7% of cases; HPV status was not associated with survival. Mutations were identified in TP53, TERT promoter, & PIK3CA. Mutations in TP53 were significantly associated with poorer overall survival on multi-variate analysis (p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Mutations in TP53 were associated with poor patient survival. Expanding our sample size may identify further predictors of outcome to direct customized cancer care.
DNA barcoding of different Triticum species
Authors: Osman Samira A. , Ramadan Walaa A.
Published: December 2019

Background

The genusTriticumL. includes diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species. DNA barcoding is a new method to identify plant taxa by using short sequences of DNA and within a short time. In this investigation, we determined a phylogenetic analysis of 20 differentTriticumspecies by partial chloroplast Maturase encoding gene (matK).

Materials and methods

Twenty accessions of differentTriticumspecies diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid were obtained from different countries. Genomic DNA was isolated from young leaves of studied samples and then used as a template for PCR reaction. PCR products were checked by electrophoresis, purified, sequenced, and submitted in the GenBank nucleotide sequence database, the nucleotide sequence was translated into an amino acid sequence. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences were aligned with Clustal W multiple sequence alignment programs to obtain the phylogenetic tree depending on two statistical data analysis such as bootstrapping and pairwise distance from both nucleotide and amino acid sequences.

Results

The phylogenetic tree obtained from both nucleotide and amino acid sequences divided the 20Triticumspecies into two groups, A and B.Group Arepresented the diploidTriticumspecies. Group B was divided into two subgroup, I and II. Subgroup I represented the hexaploidTriticumspecies and subgroup II represented the tetraploid species.

Conclusion

ThematKgene sequence has a critical role in discriminating the closely relatedTriticumspecies. So these sequences could be used as a DNA barcode for detecting the evolutionary history ofTriticumspecies.
Reliability of intra-operative frozen section study in revision of infected hip arthroplasty
Authors: Doshi Karan , Daultani Deepesh , Kumar M. Ajith , Shetty Shantharam , Pai Shailesh
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Frozen sections are extensively used to help in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection during revision hip arthroplasty, though there are insufficient data in relation to its usefulness.

Methods

Twenty-one patients with infected hip arthroplasties were operated in the form of one or two-staged revision hip arthroplasties. A frozen section was obtained intra-operatively and > 5 PMN’s/ HPF was considered as a positive indicator of infection. If the frozen section was reported negative (≤5 PMN’s/HPF), the revision prosthesis was implanted after a thorough debridement and a wash. If the frozen section was reported as positive, post the debridement; a non-articulating antibiotic-loaded cement spacer was implanted for 8 weeks, supplemented with 3 weeks of intravenous antibiotics and 3 weeks of oral antibiotics. This was followed by an antibiotic-free interval of 2 weeks. The patient was taken up for a revision surgery once the frozen section study was negative (≤5 PMN’s/HPF). The patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year to a maximum of 2 years after the revision for any evidence of infection (assessed clinically, serologically, and radiologically).

Results

Frozen section analysis of PMNs per high power field had a 100% specificity in our patients in detecting periprosthetic joint infection.

Conclusion

Frozen section study is a safe, rapid, cheap and reliable intra-operative modality to diagnose periprosthetic joint infection.
Effect of Medical Scribes on Outpatient Oncology Visits at a Multidisciplinary Cancer Center
Authors: Gao Rebecca W. , Dugala Anisia , Maxwell Janelle , Falconer Patricia , Birkeland Andrew C. , Divi Vasu , Rosenthal Eben L.
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE:

The use of medical scribes has emerged as a strategy to increase clinic workflow efficiency and reduce physician burnout. While oncology clinics may be ideally suited to scribe integration because of the high burden of documentation, oncology-specific scribe research has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of scribe integration on clinic workflow efficiency and physician satisfaction and quality of life in outpatient oncology clinics.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective, concurrent qualitative and quantitative analysis of patient visit durations and survey data for 129 attending physicians affiliated with an academic hospital’s cancer center between January 2017 and January 2019. Thirty-three physicians were paired with scribes in each physician’s individual clinic or clinics.

RESULTS:

In terms of clinic efficiency, physicians with scribes had a 12.1% decrease in their overall average patient visit duration compared with their own time before receiving a scribe ( P < .0001) and spent significantly less time completing charts at the end of the day ( P = .04). Compared with their peers, oncologists with scribes showed a 10%-20% decrease in the duration of all patient visits. Scribes also contributed to patient care, as shown by 90% of physicians surveyed who strongly agreed that they spent less time at the computer and more time with patients; 100% of physicians surveyed strongly agreed that scribes improved their quality of life.

CONCLUSION:

The integration of medical scribes into oncology clinics across several oncologic disciplines has the potential to reduce burnout through increasing physician satisfaction and quality of life, improving patient care, and streamlining clinic workflow.
Neuraxial Labor Analgesia Utilization, Incidence of Postdural Puncture Headache, and Epidural Blood Patch Placement for Privately Insured Parturients in the United States (2008–2015)
Authors: Delgado Carlos , Bollag Laurent , Van Cleve Wil
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:

Neuraxial analgesia is the gold standard for labor analgesia in the United States, and postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the most common complications. PDPH is frequently treated with an epidural blood patch (EBP), but conservative treatment approaches remain common. Our current understanding of the incidence of PDPH and the frequency of EBP utilization is heavily based on reports from academic medical centers. We studied a private insurance database to provide estimates of neuraxial labor analgesia (NLA) use and PDPH and EBP incidence in the United States.

METHODS:

Labor and delivery insurance claims from the Truven MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database were analyzed. Mode of delivery, analgesic and/or operative anesthesia information, and EBP placement were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. PDPH was identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes.

RESULTS:

The analytic dataset consisted of 1,752,243 deliveries. Vaginal deliveries (VD) comprised 64.6% of the sample. Of these, 72.9% received NLA, with a PDPH incidence of 0.58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–0.60). Using VD with NLA as a referent, the risk ratio for PDPH following cesarean delivery (CD) without a prior NLA was 1.1 (95 CI, 1.05–1.15; P = .0001), while the risk ratio for PDPH following CD with a prior NLA was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76–0.87; P < .0001). EBP placement was documented in 68.4% PDPH cases following VD with NLA, 67.2% of PDPH cases following CD with prior NLA, and 59.7% of PDPH cases following CD without prior NLA. The median number of days between delivery and first and EBP was 3. A second EBP was performed in 8.3% of initially patched patients, and a third in 0.1%. In patients who went on to receive a repeat EBP, the median interval between delivery and the first EBP was 1 day.

CONCLUSIONS:

This analysis confirms findings of prior studies regarding the present utilization of neuraxial analgesia and the incidence of PDPH. When compared to patients undergoing VD with NLA, patients having CD without NLA had a higher incidence of PDPH, presumably due to intentional dural puncture. Women having CD with a prior NLA had a lower incidence of PDPH, possibly due to avoidance of pushing during the second stage of labor. EBP was a commonly pursued strategy for the treatment of PDPH and was more commonly pursued in patients with a history of NLA. Repeat EBP was rare.
Cell interactions in collective cell migration
Authors: Mishra Abhinava K. , Campanale Joseph P. , Mondo James A. , Montell Denise J.
Published: December 2019

Collective cell migration is the coordinated movement of a physically connected group of cells and is a prominent driver of development and metastasis. Interactions between cells within migrating collectives, and between migrating cells and other cells in the environment, play key roles in stimulating motility, steering and sometimes promoting cell survival. Similarly, diverse heterotypic interactions and collective behaviors likely contribute to tumor metastasis. Here, we describe a sampling of cells that migrate collectively in vivo, including well-established and newer examples. We focus on the under-appreciated property that many – perhaps most – collectively migrating cells move as cooperating groups of distinct cell types.
DUX is a non-essential synchronizer of zygotic genome activation
Authors: De Iaco Alberto , Verp Sonia , Offner Sandra , Grun Delphine , Trono Didier
Published: December 2019

Some of the earliest transcripts produced in fertilized human and mouse oocytes code for DUX, a double homeodomain protein that promotes embryonic genome activation (EGA). Deleting Dux by genome editing at the one- to two-cell stage in the mouse impairs EGA and blastocyst maturation. Here, we demonstrate that mice carrying homozygous Dux deletions display markedly reduced expression of DUX target genes and defects in both pre- and post-implantation development, with, notably, a disruption of the pace of the first few cell divisions and significant rates of late embryonic mortality. However, some Dux−/− embryos give rise to viable pups, indicating that DUX is important but not strictly essential for embryogenesis.
PRDM1 controls the sequential activation of neural, neural crest and sensory progenitor determinants
Authors: Prajapati Ravindra S. , Hintze Mark , Streit Andrea
Published: December 2019

During early embryogenesis, the ectoderm is rapidly subdivided into neural, neural crest and sensory progenitors. How the onset of lineage determinants and the loss of pluripotency markers are temporally and spatially coordinated in vivo is still debated. Here, we identify a crucial role for the transcription factor PRDM1 in the orderly transition from epiblast to defined neural lineages in chick. PRDM1 is initially expressed broadly in the entire epiblast, but becomes gradually restricted as cell fates are specified. We find that PRDM1 is required for the loss of some pluripotency markers and the onset of neural, neural crest and sensory progenitor specifier genes. PRDM1 directly activates their expression by binding to their promoter regions and recruiting the histone demethylase Kdm4a to remove repressive histone marks. However, once neural lineage determinants become expressed, they in turn repress PRDM1, whereas prolonged PRDM1 expression inhibits neural, neural crest and sensory progenitor genes, suggesting that its downregulation is necessary for cells to maintain their identity. Therefore, PRDM1 plays multiple roles during ectodermal cell fate allocation.
A developmental gene regulatory network for C. elegans anchor cell invasion
Authors: Medwig-Kinney Taylor N. , Smith Jayson J. , Palmisano Nicholas J. , Tank Sujata , Zhang Wan , Matus David Q.
Published: December 2019

Cellular invasion is a key part of development, immunity and disease. Using an in vivo model of Caenorhabditis elegans anchor cell invasion, we characterize the gene regulatory network that promotes cell invasion. The anchor cell is initially specified in a stochastic cell fate decision mediated by Notch signaling. Previous research has identified four conserved transcription factors, fos-1 (Fos), egl-43 (EVI1/MEL), hlh-2 (E/Daughterless) and nhr-67 (NR2E1/TLX), that mediate anchor cell specification and/or invasive behavior. Connections between these transcription factors and the underlying cell biology that they regulate are poorly understood. Here, using genome editing and RNA interference, we examine transcription factor interactions before and after anchor cell specification. Initially, these transcription factors function independently of one another to regulate LIN-12 (Notch) activity. Following anchor cell specification, egl-43, hlh-2 and nhr-67 function largely parallel to fos-1 in a type I coherent feed-forward loop with positive feedback to promote invasion. Together, these results demonstrate that the same transcription factors can function in cell fate specification and differentiated cell behavior, and that a gene regulatory network can be rapidly assembled to reinforce a post-mitotic, pro-invasive state.
Vulnerable plaque imaging using 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography
Authors: Kwiecinski Jacek , Slomka Piotr J , Dweck Marc R , Newby David E , Berman Daniel S
Published: December 2019

Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) has emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging modality to identify high-risk and ruptured atherosclerotic plaques. By visualizing microcalcification, 18F-NaF PET holds clinical promise in refining how we evaluate coronary artery disease, shifting our focus from assessing disease burden to atherosclerosis activity. In this review, we provide an overview of studies that have utilized 18F-NaF PET for imaging atherosclerosis. We discuss the associations between traditional coronary artery disease measures (risk factors) and 18F-NaF plaque activity. We also present the data on the histological validation as well as show how 18F-NaF uptake is associated with plaque morphology on intravascular and CT imaging. Finally, we discuss the technical challenges associated with 18F-NaF coronary PET highlighting recent advances in this area.
Idiopathic stenosis of foramina of Monro in an asymptomatic adult patient: a rare entity radiologists should be aware of
Authors: Gomez-Ruiz Natividad , Polidura Maria Carmen , Crespo Rodriguez Ana Maria , Arrazola García Juan
Published: December 2019

Bilateral Adult Idiopathic Oclussion of Foramen of Monro is a rare entity, with less than 22 cases published in the literature so far, all of them symptomatic. 1 When the symptoms require it, the current first-line treatment is endoscopic foraminoplasty, sometimes associated with septum pellucidum fenestration, although some authors consider that a more conservative treatment in paucisymptomatic patients. 2 We report the case of an idiopathic biventricular hydrocephalus found incidentally in an asymptomatic 42-year-old female with temporomandibular joint disfunction. The fact that some patients with Monro foraminal stenosis may be asymptomatic increases the possibility of underdiagnosis, so we consider it a condition that radiologists should be aware of, mainly taking into account the fact that the diagnosis of this entity is usually radiologic 3 and the potential complications associated with treatment.
Case Report: Investigation and molecular genetic diagnosis of familial hypomagnesaemia
Authors: Willows Jamie , Al Badi Maryam , Richardson Chloe , Al Sinani Aisha , Edwards Noel , Rice Sarah , Sayer John A.
Published: December 2019

Genetic mutations causing familial hypomagnesaemia syndromes are well-recognised.  Affected patients can present with severe symptoms of hypomagnesaemia, such as seizures or cardiac arrhythmia.  We report an affected child, from a consanguineous family, who presented in the first weeks of life with seizures secondary to hypomagnesaemia, without other associated clinical features.  We performed whole exome sequencing in the affected child and segregation analysis within the family, which revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation in TRPM6, which was confirmed as a heterozygous allele in both parents and two younger siblings who had transient hypomagnesaemia. Using in silico modelling, we provide evidence that the missense variant p.(K1098E) in TRPM6 is pathogenic, as it disrupts stabilising TRP domain interactions. Management of familial hypomagnesaemia relies on prompt recognition, early magnesium replacement and lifelong monitoring.
Online Product Reviews-Triggered Dynamic Pricing: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Feng Juan , Li Xin , Zhang Xiaoquan (Michael)
Published: December 2019

Online product reviews are arguably one of the most easily accessible sources of marketing data for online retailers. It is possible to build machine learning tools to learn consumers' opinions from online word of mouth (WOM). Menu costs are practically trivial for online retailers, and it is not difficult to program automatic price changes based on live feeds of online review data. This paper argues that sellers can use online product reviews to develop better pricing strategies. We first build a theoretical model to examine a seller's optimal pricing strategy when online WOM information is taken into consideration. We find that, with consumer reviews, firms may take price-skimming and penetration strategies depending on the combination of consumer characteristics (such as misfit cost) and product characteristics (such as product quality). We examine a book retailing data set collected from online stores to offer empirical support for the analytical predictions.
Validity and reliability of semi-quantitative wound swabs
Authors: Ward Donna , Holloway Samantha
Published: December 2019

Wound infection is a common factor that delays wound healing. The diagnosis of wound infection should be based on clinical observations of the presence of classic signs of infection. There is also a role for microbiological investigation, for example, using semi-quantitative wound swabs, to help guide systemic treatment. However, there is still a debate about the most accurate method for taking a wound swab. This review explores the research evidence underpinning the use of semi-quantitative wound swabs, focusing on the validity and reliability of this method of assessment.
Displaying parenthood, (un)doing gender: parental leave, daycare and working-time adjustments in Sweden and the UK
Authors: Kaufman Gayle , Grönlund Anne
Published: December 2019

Drawing on interviews with 42 parents of preschoolers in Sweden and the UK, we examine how parents display good parenthood in two family policy contexts. In the UK, mothers take longer leave, work part time and limit daycare to demonstrate good motherhood, while fathers continue to work long hours, thereby reinforcing a gendered division of labour. In Sweden, mothers and fathers are more likely to share leave and caring responsibilities, thereby displaying gender equality as well as good parenting. While displaying good parenthood was prominent in parents’ narratives in both countries, differences in policy context matter. Parental leave deliberations and working-time adjustments were closely linked to the display of motherhood in both countries but also the display of fatherhood in Sweden. Daycare is an integral part of displaying parenthood by emphasising not only the benefits to children but also parental care through public appearances.
Early Childbirth Among Foster Youth: A Latent Class Analysis to Determine Subgroups at Increased Risk
Authors: King Bryn , Eastman Andrea Lane , Grinnell‐Davis Claudette , Aparicio Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

CONTEXT

Research has documented elevated rates of early childbirth among adolescents who have spent time in foster care, and a better understanding is needed of the characteristics of vulnerable individuals and the circumstances of their time in care.

METHODS

California birth records for 1999–2010 were probabilistically linked to state child welfare service records spanning the same date range to identify females aged 12–19 who had spent time in foster care and had had a first birth before age 20. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups based on age at most recent entry into care, length of this stay and three indicators of placement instability. The probability of a first birth being related to class membership was assessed as a distal outcome, and differences across classes were assessed using chi‐square tests.

RESULTS

Four distinct classes of foster youth were identified: Later Entry/High Instability (20% of individuals), Later Entry/Low Instability (43%), Earlier Entry/High Instability (12%) and Earlier Entry/Low Instability (25%). The probability of a first childbirth ranged from 31% (class 1) to 15% (class 4); classes 2 and 3 experienced moderate risk (23% and 24%, respectively). Two groups were further characterized by high rates of reentry into care, with 56% of class 1 and 41% of class 3 individuals experiencing more than one episode in care.

CONCLUSIONS

Identifiable subgroups of female foster youth are at heightened risk of early childbirth and may benefit from early intervention, enhanced support and access to reliable, ongoing sexual and reproductive health care.
“Am I Going to Be in Trouble for What I'm Doing?”: Providing Contraceptive Care in Religious Health Care Systems
Authors: Liu Yuan , Hebert Luciana E. , Hasselbacher Lee A. , Stulberg Debra B.
Published: December 2019

CONTEXT

Catholic systems control a growing share of health care in the United States. Because patients seeking contraceptives in Catholic facilities face doctrinal restrictions that may affect access to and quality of care, it is important to understand whether and how providers work within and around institutional policies regarding contraception.

METHODS

In 2016–2018, in‐depth interviews were conducted in Illinois with 28 key informants—including providers (obstetrician‐gynecologists, other physicians, nurse‐midwives) and nonclinical professionals (ethicists, administrators, chaplains)—who had experience in secular, Protestant or Catholic health care systems. Interviews addressed multiple aspects of reproductive care and hospital and system policy. A thematic content approach was used to identify themes related to participants' experiences with and perspectives on contraceptive care.

RESULTS

While respondents working in secular and Protestant systems reported few limitations on contraceptive care, those working in Catholic systems reported multiple barriers. Providers who had worked in Catholic systems described variable institutional policies and enforcement practices, ranging from verbal admonishments to lease agreements prohibiting contraceptive provision in secular clinics on church‐owned land. Despite these restrictions, patients' needs motivated many providers to utilize work‐arounds; some providers reported having been pressured or directly instructed to document false diagnoses in patients' medical records. Interviewees described how these obstacles burdened patients, especially those with social and financial constraints, and resulted in delayed or lower quality care.

CONCLUSIONS

Providers working in Catholic hospitals are limited in their ability to serve women of reproductive age. Work‐arounds intended to circumvent restrictions may inadvertently stigmatize contraception and negatively affect patient care.
Comprehensive polychromatic integral diffraction efficiency sensitivity to tilt error for multilayer diffractive optical elements with oblique incidence
Authors: Yang Liangliang , Liu Chenglin , Guo Renjia , Zhao Yongbing
Published: December 2019

Oblique incidence is the general working state for multilayer diffractive optical elements (MLDOEs) in an imaging optical system. The polychromatic integral diffraction efficiency (PIDE) is very sensitive to the incident angle. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the effect of tilt error on diffraction efficiency/PIDE with oblique incidence. The theoretical model of the relationship between the diffraction efficiency and tilt error with oblique incidence is presented, and the effect of tilt error on diffraction efficiency/PIDE is analyzed. The analysis model of comprehensive PIDE for a certain range of incident angles and the tilt error for MLDOEs is established. The simulation results showed that the comprehensive PIDE is sensitive to tilt angle with oblique incidence, and the tolerance of the tilt error angle can be determined by the comprehensive PIDE. The tilt error tolerance is furthermore investigated with decenter error based on the maximum of comprehensive PIDE. The method and results can be used to guide the tolerance formulation of tilt error for MLDOEs in hybrid optical systems.
Iterative phase retrieval for digital holography: tutorial: publisher’s note
Authors: Latychevskaia Tatiana
Published: December 2019

This publisher’s note corrects the paper type and title of 
J. Opt. Soc. Am.
A 36, D31
(2019)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.36.000D31.
Linear chirp instability analysis for ultrafast pulse metrology
Authors: Escoto Esmerando , Jafari Rana , Steinmeyer Günter , Trebino Rick
Published: December 2019

Pulse train instabilities have often given rise to confusion and
misinterpretation in ultrafast pulse characterization measurements.
Most prominently known as the coherent artifact, a partially
mode-locked laser with a non-periodic waveform may still produce an
autocorrelation that has often been misinterpreted as indication of a
coherent pulse train. Some modern pulse characterization methods
easily miss the presence of a coherent artifact, too. Here, we address
the particularly difficult situation of a pulse train with chirp-only
instability. This instability is shown to be virtually invisible to
autocorrelation measurements, but can be detected with
frequency-resolved optical gating, spectral phase interferometry for
direct electric-field reconstruction, and dispersion scan. Our
findings clearly show that great care is necessary to rule out a chirp
instability in lasers with an unclear mode-locking mechanism and in
compression experiments in the single-cycle regime. Among all
dynamical pulse train instabilities analyzed so far, this instability
appears to be the best-hidden incoherence and is most difficult to
detect.
Design and analysis of slow-light Bloch slot waveguides for on-chip gas sensing
Authors: Xu Guizhen , Wang Jin , Ji Qizheng , Yang Ming , Huang Tianye , Pan Jianxing , Xie Yuan , Shum Perry Ping
Published: December 2019

The performance of on-chip gas sensors based on light absorption is mainly determined by the light–gas interaction. In this paper, slow-light Bloch slot waveguides (BSW) are proposed to improve sensing performance. The sensing performance is enhanced in two mechanisms. On the one hand, light is confined in the slot to increase the overlap of the mode field and the gas; on the other hand, the slow-light effect is achieved by adjusting the subwavelength grating period to increase the group index. By joint engineering the evanescent fields and group index, for a low pump power of 10 mW and a propagation loss of 3 dB/cm, the detection limit of 0.034 ppm in the near-infrared and the detection limit of 0.29 ppm in the mid-infrared at the optimum propagation length of 1.45 cm are obtained, respectively. The proposed BSW provides a promising platform for high-performance gas sensing.
Nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor double quantum wires coupled to a quantum-sized metal nanoparticle
Authors: Su Ying , Guo Kangxian , Liu Guanghui , Yang Tao , Yu Qiucheng , Hu Meilin , Yang Yanlian
Published: December 2019

We theoretically investigate linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients (OACs) and refractive index changes (RICs) of two quantum wires (QWs) separated by a quantum-sized metal nanoparticle (MNP) using a density matrix method and dielectric quantum theory. The exciton-plasmon coupling and the dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) between the two QWs are taken into account. We find that the magnitudes of the linear and nonlinear OACs (RICs) from the QWs are enhanced by one order of magnitude, in contrast to the case without a MNP, due to the exciton-plasmon coupling and the DDI between the two QWs. The quantum size effect in a MNP induces a pronounced enhancement in the magnitudes of the linear and nonlinear OACs (RICs) with the increase of the MNP radius. Furthermore, the optical responses can be further strengthened via increasing the MNP radius or decreasing the radius and gap of the QWs, owing to the enhanced exciton-plasmon coupling and the DDI between the two QWs. Moreover, the magnitudes of the total OACs (RICs) are reduced by increasing the optical intensity, along with a splitting effect of the OACs under strong optical intensity. Our results provide the possibility of designing the hybrid nanostructures with large nonlinearity for applications in nano-devices such as optical switches and amplifiers.
Burst-mode femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging for kHz–MHz seedless velocimetry
Authors: Fisher Jordan M. , Smyser Michael E. , Slipchenko Mikhail N. , Roy Sukesh , Meyer Terrence R.
Published: December 2019

Burst-mode femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) of nitrogen is introduced for tracking the velocity field in high-speed flows at kilohertz–megahertz (kHz–MHz) repetition rates without the use of added tracers. A custom-built Nd:glass femtosecond laser is used to produce 500 pulses per burst with pulses having a temporal separation as short as 1 µs, an energy of 120 µJ, and a duration of 274 fs. This enables 2 orders of magnitude higher measurement bandwidth over conventional kHz-rate FLEET velocimetry. Characteristics of the optical system are described, along with a demonstration of time-resolved velocity measurements with

∼

0.5

%

precision in a supersonic slot jet.
Wide beam steering by slow-light waveguide gratings and a prism lens
Authors: Ito Hiroyuki , Kusunoki Yuma , Maeda Jun , Akiyama Daichi , Kodama Naoya , Abe Hiroshi , Tetsuya Ryo , Baba Toshihiko
Published: December 2019

A lattice-shifted photonic crystal waveguide (LSPCW) maintains slow light as a guided mode and works as an optical antenna when a kind of double periodicity is introduced. Selecting one LSPCW from its array and converting the fan beam to a spot beam using a collimator lens allows non-mechanical, two-dimensional beam steering. We employed a shallow-etched grating into the LSPCW as the double periodicity to increase the upward emission efficiency and designed a bespoke prism lens to convert the steering angle in a desired direction while maintaining the collimation condition for the steered beam. As a result, a sharp spot beam with an average beam divergence of 0.15° was steered in the range of40∘×4.4∘without precise adjustment of the lens position. The number of resolution points obtained was 4256. This method did not require complicated and power-consuming optical phase control like that in optical phased arrays, so it is expected to be applied in complete solid-state light detection and ranging.
GRUNDER: Are you attracted to me?
Authors: Walker-Tonks Larry
Published: December 2019

Are you attracted to me? is part of Larry Walker-Tonks’ on-going GRUNDER series which he began during his MA at the University of Salford after growing tired of having feeling that his body was treated as a commodity by other users on dating apps. The following text is appropriated from messages that the artist himself has received through dating apps Grindr and Tinder. Walker-Tonks’ GRUNDER series reflects upon how we present ourselves online; how we use dating apps like Grindr and Tinder; the consequences of a highly sexualized western culture; and how new-found online anonymity has torn down the boundaries between what is and is not acceptable public discourse, which has resulted in an accepted laddish camaraderie and ‘send nudes’ culture in the Facebook age. In this context Are you attracted to me? and the wider GRUNDER project serve as an intervention and warning. The text from Are you attracted to me? provided a script used as an audio element accompanying a ‘speaking sculpture’ shown during an immersive GRUNDER event in Manchester in 2017. The text is complete with original spelling mistakes and grammatical errors for your reading pleasure.
This Window Makes Me Feel
Authors: Fitterman Robert
Published: December 2019

Written in 2002, ‘This Window Makes Me Feel’, is one of the earliest examples of a long poem solely composed with repurposed web language. Written in the long shadow of New York City’s 9/11 bombing, ‘This Window Makes Me Feel’ replaces the individual poet’s response to catastrophe with a collective, multi-vocal chorus of everyday articulations. As an 80 page long-poem, ‘This Window Makes Me Feel’ orchestrates hundreds of online articulations by using the searches: ‘this feels’ or ‘this makes me feel’. Even though these responses are not meant to address the 9/11 bombing directly, the poem is an allegory to the flood of emotions surrounding that historical moment.
Estructuras sustentables de desarrollo como alternativas en las comunidades cercanas a los destinos turísticos de Quintana Roo
Authors: Medina-Argueta Georgina Del Socorro , Palafox-Muñoz Alejandro
Published: December 2019

Es oportuno el fortalecimiento de comunidades cercanas a destinos turísticos a partir de enfoques alternativos en el proceso del buen funcionamiento de modelos de desarrollo sostenible como aliciente en la brecha de desigualdad que está afectando principalmente a la población local de los destinos turísticos. Como objetivo, identifica la relación entre comunidades receptoras de turismo en Quintana Roo y estructuras alternativas (Desarrollo Humano, Comunalidad, Nueva Ruralidad, Economía del Trabajo y Buen Vivir) a partir de la vulnerabilidad e impactos socio ambientales que padecen. La metodología se enfocó en un análisis fundado en un marco teórico-metodológico y en la aplicación de 23 entrevistas semiestructuradas de trabajadores de turismo de 17 comunidades cercanas a los destinos turísticos. La discusión destaca los atributos de las estructuras alternativas basados en solidaridad, identidad, cultura, autonomía, seguridad y planificación integral como determinantes para vencer los posibles retos de la comunidad para recibir los beneficios de la actividad turística. Los resultados muestran que los atributos comunales aún están presentes en las comunidades, lo cual representa una buena oportunidad para poder diferenciarse de los demás destinos ya consolidados como Cancún, Playa del Carmen o Riviera Maya y una buena herramienta para fortalecerse a partir de la conservación de los mismos.
Influencia del capital social en la calidad de vida de los habitantes de la isla turística Cozumel, México
Authors: González Damián Alfonso , Macías Ramírez Alma Rosa
Published: December 2019

Vivir en una isla de destino turístico, con oferta masificada de sol y playa, como es el caso de Cozumel, México, no es equivalente a vivir en el paraíso tal como lo ha señalado la literatura académica desde que se ha ocupado por analizar los impactos sociales, económicos, culturales y ambientales de la actividad. Existe evidencia empírica de que la percepción de beneficios económicos derivados del turismo impacta de manera positiva en la formación de capital social en la comunidad y también en la percepción de mejoría en la calidad de vida, sin embargo no abundan los estudios que profundicen en las relaciones entre el capital social y la calidad de vida, lo que se toma como objeto central del presente trabajo, en el que se contrastó la hipótesis de que el capital social influye de manera directa y positiva en la calidad de vida de la comunidad receptora. A efectos de contrastar empíricamente esta hipótesis, se diseñó un estudio de corte transversal mediante encuesta aplicada durante el verano de 2017 a residentes en la isla de Cozumel, y análisis mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Los resultados arrojaron relaciones directas y positivas de las dimensiones cognitiva y de habilidades sociales del capital social sobre los dominios de satisfacción con el bienestar emocional, comunitario, seguridad y salud y material, así como sobre la medida global de una vida satisfactoria. Se presentan los resultados detallados, su análisis y discusión, así como conclusiones, limitaciones y futuras líneas de investigación en esta temática.
Turismo, gastronomía y producción agraria en la provincia de Jujuy (Argentina): actores, dinámicas y transformaciones asociadas a la valorización de productos tradicionales
Authors: Troncoso Claudia Alejandra , Arzeno Mariana Beatriz
Published: December 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es poner en discusión la relación entre turismo, producción agraria, valorización de alimentos y desarrollo que se teje en los destinos turísticos. Para ello recuperamos perspectivas teóricas, en particular de la Geografía, que lejos de asumir tal relación como necesariamente virtuosa, nos permiten abordarla en su complejidad, teniendo en cuenta las redes de actores que se conforman y las relaciones que establecen sus participantes. Para poner en discusión estas cuestiones, nos remitimos a los cambios asociados a la valorización turística de alimentos y preparaciones culinarias tradicionales de la Quebrada de Humahuaca y Puna en el norte argentino. Recurrimos al diseño de una estrategia metodológica apoyada en entrevistas con los actores participantes (productores, empresarios turísticos, funcionarios públicos) complementada con información obtenida de la observación sistemática en los espacios de producción y consumo en el área de estudio. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que la valorización turística de alimentos (y de los lugares con que se asocian) es producto de un proceso social en el que ciertos actores, relaciones e intercambios tuvieron y tienen un rol central. También se señala que se trata de un proceso pensado por (y en cierta forma para) el consumo de sectores sociales específicos. En este sentido, se cuestionan las aspiraciones de generar un “desarrollo” automático para sectores mayoritarios de la población local a partir de la promoción y expansión del turismo (y específicamente del turismo gastronómico).
El paisaje como recurso turístico. Valoración escénica de paisajes lacustres de la Pampa Argentina
Authors: Zuccarini Luisina , Geraldi Alejandra Mabel
Published: December 2019

Si bien la actividad turística se nutre del paisaje y lo posiciona como un recurso turístico de jerarquía, los estudios que abordan la temática paisajística y su vinculación con el turismo conforman un campo de conocimiento escasamente abordado en Argentina. En pos de generar un nuevo aporte, el presente trabajo se centra en analizar la calidad paisajística a partir de la identificación y valoración de parámetros e interacciones que singularizan un sector de espacios lacustres de la Pampa Argentina; sector que integra tanto un area turística consolidada como un corredor y un área de uso turístico potencial. Los resultados obtenidos permiten inferir que el paisaje analizado presenta una importante calidad escénica aunque no se evidencia la puesta en valor del mismo como recurso turístico. Estos resultados permiten avanzar en el estudio de una región que reviste una gran valoración ambiental, económica y social, y en la cual la incorporación del paisaje como recurso turístico podría configurarse, no solo como una estrategia de diversificación que aporte al posicionamiento de la región como destino turístico, sino como una estrategia orientada a la preservación del mismo.
Social Psychiatry and the demand for Mental Health Services: Some caution is valid?
Authors: Pereira Izadora De Sousa , Macêdo Amanda Plácido da Silva , Sá Ivna Celli Assunção de , Moreira Larissa Melo , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite
Published: December 2019

Mental health in the interface with social psychiatryis a constantly evolving field. Psychiatry faces major challenges. The therapeutic relationship remains paramount. Methods: A Short Communication that focus the informational spaces of professional interests, many new ideas and concepts what are issued under the banner of "social psychiatry.". Include: discovery or development of new information’s, novelty in modeling  scientific and channels of information. Results: The evidences emphasize that Mental illness and interventions in psychiatry should be considered in the of social context where patients live and factors they face on a daily basis. There’s a need for greater numbers of psychiatrists. Limitations: As Short Communications are expected to have higher than average impact on the field rather than report on incremental research, they will receive prioritized and rapid publication. Conclusion: Social values and concepts have played a central role in the history of mental health care, allowing more focus on possible environmental causes or factors. Keywords: Social Psychiatryis; Mental Health; Therapeutic Relationship.