bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formes littéraires émergentes à l’école ?
Authors: Mahieu Luc
Published: February 2024

À l’occasion d’une large enquête sur les pratiques enseignantes relatives aux savoirs narratologiques qui seraient mobilisés dans les classes de français (Mahieu, 2022), le volet québécois de celle-ci s’est vu augmenté de questions portant sur les nouveaux genres littéraires en émergence : twittérature, poésie numérique, livre enrichi, application littéraire… Menée entre octobre 2022 et février 2023, cette enquête visait plus spécifiquement à documenter la place que peuvent occuper ces nouveaux genres littéraires numériques dans les classes de français, tant au secondaire qu’au collégial. S’insérant dans la problématique au coeur des travaux de l’équipe Lab-yrinthe autour de Nathalie Lacelle et de ceux menés par l’équipe LMM en littératie médiatique multimodale en contexte numérique (Lacelle et al., 2017), cet article présente et discute les résultats obtenus auprès de 99 enseignant·e·s québécois·e·s (25 au premier cycle du secondaire, 48 au second cycle, 35 au collégial) à propos des questions suivantes : quels genres littéraires émergents sont en train de se frayer un chemin dans les classes ? À quels niveaux ? Pour quelles finalités ? Est-ce dans une perspective de réception, de production, ou encore de rapprochement à de supposées pratiques sociales ? Enfin, les enseignant·e·s empruntant ces voies nouvelles se sentent-elles et·ils compétents et légitimes à le faire ?
Comparison of kinematics and electromyography in the last repetition during different maximum repetition sets in the barbell back squat
Authors: Falch Hallvard Nygaard , Hegdahl Gundersen Andreas , Larsen Stian , Estifanos Haugen Markus , van den Tillaar Roland
Published: February 2024

Background

The barbell squat is an exercise used to strengthen the lower limbs, with implications for both performance in sports and improving movement during everyday tasks. Although the exercise is being trained across a variety of repetition ranges, the technical requirements may vary, affecting appropriate repetition range for specific training goals.

Methods

A randomised within-subject design was used to compare kinematics and surface electromyography (EMG) in the lower extremities during different concentric phases (pre-, sticking- and post-sticking region) of the last repetition when performing squats at different repetition maximums (RMs). Thirteen strength-trained men (age: 23.6 ± 1.9 years; height: 181.1 ± 6.5 cm; body mass: 82.2 kg, 1RM: 122.8 ± 16.2, relative strength: 1.5 ± 0.2 x body mass in external load) performed a 1, 3, 6, and 10RM squat, in a randomised order.

Results

The main findings were that barbell-, ankle-, knee- and hip kinematics were similar across different repetition ranges, except for a smaller trunk lean at 1RM in the pre-sticking region compared to other repetitions and in the sticking region compared to 10RM (p ≤ 0.04). Furthermore, 1RM revealed significantly higher EMG amplitude in the vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius and soleus in the sticking and post-sticking regions when compared to 10RM. It was concluded that 10RM may locally fatigue the vastus lateralis and plantar flexors, explaining the lower EMG amplitude. The observed differences indicate that requirements vary for completing the final repetition of the 10RM compared to the 1RM, an important aspect to consider in training to enhance 1RM strength.
Translation(s) From Our America(s) / Translation(s) From Abya Yala / Translation(s) From Amereida. Notes For A Decolonial Intervention
Authors: Veronelli Gabriela
Published: February 2024

This article raises two clusters of decolonial questions. The first is the cluster around the discourse or idea of an 'invention' of America in Amereida, the second includes questions regarding the possibility of a decolonial translation of Amereida. More precisely, the second cluster focuses on how to translate the linguistic multiplicity and multiplicity of ideas present in Amereida in a decolonial way that rejects monological unification and affirms an epistemic and ontological multiplicity. In the article, I try to reveal the coloniality of the epic given that revealing its coloniality is the first step to decolonize.
Legitimation and Effects of Mission-Oriented Innovation Policies: A Spillover Perspective
Authors:   Utrecht University and Dialogic Innovatie en Interactie, Jansen Matthijs
Published: February 2024

Recent times have seen a rising interest for mission-oriented innovation policies (MIP) as a means to mobilize innovation capacities for addressing societal challenges. Building on advancements in heterodox economics and innovation studies, this paper discusses the economic rationales for three MIP intervention types by considering the spillovers they might engender. We provide an empirical illustration by using survey data retrieved from 276 firms participating in Dutch examples of each MIP type. Our findings warn against pursuing system transformations by adhering to traditional firm-level stimuli and impact measures (MIP drift), as well as against avid support for context-specific solutions (myopic MIP).
Regional Innovation, Industrial Policy and UK Interregional Challenges
Authors:   University of Manchester, McCann Philip , Ortega-Argilés Raquel ,   University of Manchester
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the challenges associated with fostering regional innovation via place-based innovation policies in a context where a country previously had little or no real place-based thinking or policy-framing. The UK displays a combination of both high interregional inequalities and a highly centralisation and top-down governance system. For many years national policy was based on the assumption that knowledge spillover effects from the London economy would naturally diffuse through-out the country, whereas recently there has emerged a realisation that this has not happened. Instead, devolution-related governance reforms are required to foster regional development, but the over-centralisation of the system itself militates against this. Here we discuss the economic development and governance-reform challenges associated with a shift towards more devolved policy making in a setting of good institutions which are ill-designed for the challenge.
The Economics of Incomplete Plan -on Conditions, Procedures and Design of Future Mission- Oriented Innovation Policies
Authors:   College of Management. Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Foray Dominique
Published: February 2024

The buzzword in industrial policy and innovation policy circles is mission-oriented innovation policy (MOIP) –which means a policy to encourage innovation intended to accomplish a certain mission– whether it be a societal challenge (climate change, global health) or an industrial policy issue (sectoral transition or modernisation, establishment of a new industry). This new category results from what seems a priori to be just a simple qualifying extension of mission-oriented policies (MOPs) –very much in vogue in the 70’s and 80’s and used particularly in sectors like space and defence. However, this ‘simple’ qualifying extension does in fact cause a significant discontinuity that merits reflection. While a mission imposes a discipline and centralised priorities and decisions, innovation on the other hand can’t be planned. Innovation is so uncertain that no plan will ever enable it to be tamed. There is thus a tension between mission and innovation, between a planning logic and a freedom to experiment logic. This tension implies thus advancing our knowledge about MOIP design, which is the goal of this paper.
Research on Implementing the Core Literacy of Intuitive Imagination in Senior High School Mathematics Teaching
Authors: Sha Quanli , Zheng Shasha
Published: February 2024

In the process of senior high school mathematics learning, improving students' intuitive imagination core literacy can enhance their ability to combine numbers and shapes. It also plays an important role in developing geometric intuition, spatial imagination, and understanding the essence of things. We first summarize the current strategies for cultivating the core literacy of intuitive imagination, then provide an overview of the intuitive imagination in core literacy. The author interviewed 12 senior high school mathematics teachers who were teaching locally in various cities in Shandong province with a large population and balanced education levels. Through interviews, it is learned that, students always lack numerical evidence when doing exercises, and most student s only look at questions without sketching. During teaching, teachers closely follow the textbook but lack explanation of flexible problem-solving methods using geometry, and they may experience improper use of teaching aids or incoherent explanations. Finally, corresponding strategies are  provided.
Phenological Variation in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties through Foliar Application of Cytokinin Analogs and Nutrients under Water Deficit Stress
Authors: Madhana Keerthana S  , Ramakrishnan R Shiv , Ranjithkumar Gangishetti , Yadav Bakeshwar , Upadhyay Anubha , Samaiya R K , Sharma Radheshyam , Kumar Ashish
Published: February 2024

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a rainfed crop predominantly grown in temperate and subtropical climates, faces significant challenges in production due to terminal drought stress impacting various phenological stages. This study addresses the challenges posed by terminal drought stress on the phenological stage of chickpea varieties viz., JG 36 and JG 14. The experiment was conducted during the Rabi seasons of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 at the Experimental Research Farm, Seed Technology Research Unit, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P), using a split-split plot design with three replications. This research also investigates the impact of foliar applications of cytokinin analogs viz., Thiourea, Thidiazuron, and Benzyladenine and nutrients viz., ZnSO4 and KCl on chickpea under water deficit stress conditions. The results revealed significant differences in days to pod formation, seed formation, physiological maturity, and harvest maturity among the irrigation levels, varieties, and foliar spray of plant growth regulators and nutrients. Under different irrigation levels, D1 (Irrigation at 30 DAS and flower initiation) exhibited delayed phenological stages of the crop, while D2 (Drought stress at flowering up to physiological maturity) showed an early onset of all the phenological stages. Under water deficit conditions, JG 14 exhibited accelerated maturity beyond its typical early maturation in comparison to well-watered conditions, highlighting the impact of environmental stress on varietal responses. With respect to the application of plant growth regulators and nutrients, treatment T12 (TDZ @ 10 ppm + 1% KCl) significantly delayed pod and seed formation, as well as physiological and harvest maturity as compared to untreated control (T1). Foliar application of TDZ @ 10 ppm + 1% KCl (T12) enhanced seed filling duration by 2.59 days compared to the untreated control. Further investigations are needed to identify the impact of Thidiazuron and KCl in enhancing seed yield and seed weight of chickpea under optimal and sub-optimal soil water conditions, to provide recommendations for chickpea growers.
The Socioeconomic Impact: Assessing the Risk and Burden of Malaria on Vulnerable Populations in Kenya
Authors: Okumu Thomas Opiyo
Published: February 2024

This paper seeks to explore the significance and impact of malaria on Kenya’s economic growth. This will help to understand the impact that malaria has or have had on household economic status especially for the vulnerable population in Kenya and how it has been unfolding slowly over time. This will also seek to understand the coping strategies adopted by the said population and the negative implications that have influenced these household’s abilities to withstand malaria and other eventualities that may happen in the future.

The risk and burden of malaria on vulnerable population together with its economic effects have been presented. Search engines such as Google Scholar and PubMed as well as related economics and medical journals were instrumental for this study. To protect the poor and vulnerable population against these adverse effects of malaria and from malaria itself, there is a great need to draft and enact policies that will be able control the effects as well as integration development and poverty reduction programs. The future work and focus for government and all stakeholders should be to focus more energy and work on achievable health services that will eliminate the burden of health especially malaria and its effects on Kenyan economic activities undertaken by the vulnerable population and to address the burden and risk of malaria on the productive under privileged within their environment, as well as study the epidemiological and socio-economic geographical dissimilarities of the vulnerable population and the normal population.
Immunohistochemical Expression of XIAP in Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Authors: Alsaiedy Aya A. Aziza , Elhendawy Heba Ahmed , Hassabo Rehab Talaat , El-Sissi Azza A.
Published: February 2024

Objective: The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) immunohistochemical expression was employed to assess the anti-apoptotic activity of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) in relation to different clinicopathological variables to understand if XIAP immunoexpression could reflect the histologic grade and the biologic activity and prognosis in MEC patients.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was accomplished on 16 MEC cases. The worked MEC cases involved the three histologic grades, low, intermediate, and high. Assessement of XIAP immunoexpression was made in relation to different clinicopathological parameters. The analysis of data was done by Pearson`s Chi-square test. Pearson correlation co-efficiency test was used to test the association between the different variables. The P‐value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: There were statistically significant differences in XIAP immunoexpression in relation to the following parameters; the TNM clinical stage (P=0.036), and the histologic grade (P=0.008). Conversely, the immunoexpression of XIAP was not significantly correlated with patients’ age (P=0.141), patients` gender (P= 0.471), and the anatomical site of the tumor (P=0.827) in MEC cases.

Conclusion: The immunoexpression of XIAP correlates with histologic grading of MEC. Additionally, XIAP immunoexpression reflects the clinical and biological behavior of MEC.
Food and Feeding Habits of Mystus tengara (Hamilton, 1822) of Gomati River and Rudrasagar Lake, Tripura, India
Authors: Majumder Srabanti , Datta Mrinal Kanti , Debbarma Sourabh , Debnath Anamika , Bhattacharjee Pampa , Tenali Diamond Rajakumar
Published: February 2024

Mystus tengara is a popular food fish species due to its taste, and one of the potential ornamental fish species in ornamental trades.  A total of 237 specimens of Mystus tengara [1] species were collected from Rudra Sagar Lake and Kemtali. 47 food items were observed in the gut of Mystus tengara. The present study has been performed on the food and feeding habits, Gastro Somatic Index, Relative Length of Gut, Fullness and feeding Intensity, and Gut Content Analysis of Mystus tengara. Results of the study revealed that Mystus tengara is a carnivorous fish and zooplankton is the basic food group for this fish species; rotifer has also been observed as the most preferable food class. The species showed isometric growth which indicates the well-being condition of the fish.
Sustainable Interventions for Improving Food Security among Tribal Communities in Bodoland Territorial Region
Authors: Rabha Lohita , Barman U. , Saikia H. , Sarma R. K. , Borua S.
Published: February 2024

The study examined the determinants influencing food security status among the tribals of Bodoland Territorial Region, Assam. The study randomly selected 400 tribal respondents, 200 Bodo and 200 Rabha respondents. Data was collected through personal interviews and analysed using descriptive statistics, food security index and multiple linear regression. Results of the food security index depicted that about Bodo respondents (19.50%) were food secure, while (80.50%) were food insecure. Similarly, only (18.00%) of the Rabha respondents were food secure, but the remaining (82.00%) of Rabha respondents were food insecure. Further, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that employed members in the respondent's household, annual income, access to credit, and access to the Public Distribution System had a positive relationship with the food security status of Bodo respondents. However, it was found that the age of household head, family size, loss of cultivable land, indebtedness, and food grain used for liquor preparation negatively affected the food security status of the Bodo respondents. In the case of Rabha respondents, factors like employed members in the respondents' household, annual income and operational landholding positively impacted on the food security status of the respondents. In contrast, the age of the household head and family size were negatively significant to the food security status of Rabha respondents. The research suggested that nutritional security can be improved by improving family income. So, the government should emphasise non-farm income-generating activities at a household level or through SHGs and strengthen the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) activities in BTR. Crops like millets may be introduced after sali paddy harvesting. The government should make policies for increasing crop productivity using modern agricultural production techniques and easy access to credit. The government also increased the number of beneficiaries under the Public Distribution System by changing the criteria.
PARADIGMS OF FRONTIER INTERACTION: A NEW USE FOR DIGENES AKRITES
Authors: Leidholm Nathan
Published: February 2024

This article argues that the Byzantine romance known as Digenes Akrites has more to offer historians than is often recognized. Regardless of the fictional nature of the story or of the exact date of its composition, the Digenes tale can serve as an exemplar of the kinds of interactions which regularly took place in the frontier regions between the Byzantine and Muslim worlds and the social values and cultural mores that guided such interactions. If taken as a paradigm of otherwise invisible conditions along the frontier regions of southeastern Anatolia, Digenes can shed new light on an otherwise dark and incomplete picture. It is, in fact, a frontier world in and of itself, in which outside powers, both Muslim and Byzantine, are distant images and only occasional players.
Challenges Faced by Physically Handicap Students in Education System
Authors: Karimov Dr. Nodir R.
Published: February 2024

An understudy with an actual incapacity might experience issues dealing with the distance between various learning exercises, shipping materials, taking notes, doing practicals, and may take more time to ask or respond to inquiries. Understudies with different types of hindrances face an assortment of instructive difficulties. Therefore, a few potential hindered understudies don't take on instructive establishments or complete their studies. This archive gives an outline of the hardships, issues, and obstructions that understudies with different handicaps face in their advanced education.
New Functional Polymers and Materials Based on 2,2′:6′,2″‐Terpyridine Metal Complexes
Authors: Andres P. R. , Schubert U. S.
Published: July 2004

New inorganic–organic hybrid structures based on metal complexes have become of increasing interest over the last few decades in the search for new materials. Many different polypyridyl metal complexes have been investigated. Recently, a strong increase in interest regarding 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine has been observed. In particular, octahedral bis‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine metal complexes offer the advantages of increased symmetry and, in the case of ruthenium(III)/ruthenium(II) complexation, an entrance to a directed complexation technique. Apart from the combination with polymeric systems, ordered inorganic–organic structures on surfaces are becoming better understood concurrently with the development of sophisticated nanotechnology characterization techniques. There are many ongoing efforts that include terpyridine complex structures, especially concerning photophysical processes such as solar light to energy conversion. This review deals with the incorporation of terpyridine complexes into polymeric structures such as poly(ethylene glycol), poly(styrene), dendrimers, biomacromolecules, micelles, and resins, as well as the combination of terpyridine complexes with surfaces for electrocatalytic, photophysical, and self‐assembly purposes.
Absent inner dynein arms in a fetus with familial hydrocephalus‐situs abnormality
Authors: Kosaki Kenjiro , Ikeda Kazushige , Miyakoshi Kei , Ueno Mari , Kosaki Rika , Takahashi Daisuke , Tanaka Mamoru , Torikata Chikao , Yoshimura Yasunori , Takahashi Takao
Published: July 2004

We report a family in which a healthy, unrelated couple had a male fetus with bilateral ventriculomegaly, a normal liveborn girl, a hydatidiform molar pregnancy, a female fetus with ventriculomegaly and situs abnormalities, and a male fetus with hydrocephalus, a three‐lobed left lung, and defective tracheal cilia with absent inner dynein arms and a single centriole. A mutation analysis of FOXJ1 and POLL in the last fetus with ciliary defect revealed no mutation within their coding regions. The presence of three affected fetuses of both sexes in a family with phenotypically normal parents suggests that the condition was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. A thorough evaluation of the thoracic and abdominal situs is recommended before counseling a family of a child with hydrocephalus, because the recognition of situs defects may point to the diagnosis of primary ciliary defect and recurrence risk of 25% for siblings. This figure is much higher than the general risk of 1–2% for siblings of a patient with isolated hydrocephalus. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sibutramine use in pregnancy: Report of two cases
Authors: Kadioglu Mine , Ulku Cunay , Yaris Fusun , Kesim Murat , Kalyoncu Nuri Ihsan , Yaris Ersin
Published: July 2004

Background

Sibutramine is a drug used for the medical treatment of obesity. No data are available on sibutramine use in pregnancy. We report the fetal outcomes of two pregnant women exposed to sibutramine.

Cases

The first woman was exposed to 10 mg/day of sibutramine during gestational weeks 4–6. The second woman was exposed to 10 mg/day of sibutramine during gestational weeks 5–8. At weeks 37 and 39, they delivered healthy infants.

CONCLUSIONS

To our knowledge, this is the first report of sibutramine exposure in pregnancy. These cases may contribute to the knowledge about sibutramine use during pregnancy. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visual and auditory temporal processing and early reading development
Authors: Hood Michelle , Conlon Elizabeth
Published: July 2004

This study investigated the ability of temporal processing measures obtained before school entry to predict early reading development in an unselected sample of 125 children (68 males, 57 females). Visual and auditory temporal order judgement (TOJ) tasks measured at Preschool (mean age 5.36 years) significantly predicted letter and word identification (accuracy) and reading rate (fluency) in early Grade 1 (mean age 5.94 years), even after the effects of age, environment, memory, attention, nonverbal ability, and speech/language problems were accounted for. There were no significant differences in the overall variance accounted for in reading between TOJ measures taken before or after reading had emerged. Both Preschool and Grade 1 measures of auditory TOJ accounted for significant independent variance in reading. However, only visual TOJ performance measured at Grade 1 accounted for unique variance in reading rate. This was discussed in terms of developmental changes in the role of visual temporal processing as reading develops. Reliability of the temporal measures from Preschool to Grade 1 was moderate. The results showed that measures of visual and auditory temporal processing obtained close to school‐entry would be a useful addition to predicting risk of early reading difficulties. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Durham experience: promoting dyslexia and dyspraxia friendly schools
Authors: Coffield Mary , O'Neill Jenny
Published: July 2004

The Durham County Policy Document on Specific Learning Difficulties (dyslexia and dyspraxia) has been developed over a period of years as a countywide response to ensure that children's specific learning difficulties are identified and that schools are equipped to offer a range of appropriate interventions. The content of the policy document is studied in depth along with the training programmes offered by the Learning Support Service and Educational Psychology Service that will support schools in putting the policy into practice. Future developments, including an exciting project on promoting inclusive practice for pupils with Specific Learning Difficulties (dyslexia and dyspraxia), are outlined. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA damage produced in HaCaT cells by combined fluoranthene exposure and ultraviolet A irradiation
Authors: Zheng Baoying , Hwang Huey‐Min , Yu Hongtao , Ekunwe Stephen
Published: July 2004

Fluoranthene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and a principal constituent of PAH‐contaminated aquatic systems. In the present study, fluorescein diacetate uptake and the Comet assay were used to assess the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fluoranthene in HaCaT (human adult low calcium high temperature) cells in the presence or absence of ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. Exposure of cells to 0.1, 0.25, 0.75, 2, and 5 μM fluoranthene alone for 30 min or to 6.1 ± 0.07 J/cm2 UVA alone did not cause cytotoxicity or cellular DNA damage. However, concomitant exposure to both caused a nonlinear dose‐response in cytotoxicity to HaCat cells. The same exposure conditions also resulted in a dose‐responsive DNA damage in HaCaT cells. Because DNA damage mainly was detected at relatively high levels of cytotoxicity, we cannot rule out the possibility that it occurred as a consequence of cellular toxicity mechanisms. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 44:151–155, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reach‐scale channel geometry of a mountain river
Authors: Wohl Ellen , Kuzma Jessica N. , Brown Nancy E.
Published: July 2004

Mountain rivers can be subject to strong constraints imposed by changes in gradient and grain size supplied by processes such as glaciation and rockfall. Nonetheless, adjustments in the channel geometry and hydraulics of mountain rivers at the reach scale can produce discernible patterns analogous to those in fully alluvial rivers. Mountain rivers can differ in that imposed reach‐scale gradient is an especially important control on reach‐scale channel characteristics, as indicated by examination of North St Vrain Creek in Colorado.

North St Vrain Creek drains 250 km2 of the Rocky Mountains. We used 25 study reaches within the basin to examine controls on reach‐scale channel geometry. Variables measured included channel geometry, large woody debris, grain size, and mean velocity. Drainage area at the study reaches ranged from 2·2 to 245 km2, and gradient from 0·013 to 0·147 m m−1.

We examined correlations among (1) potential reach‐scale response variables describing channel bankfull dimension and shape, hydraulics, bedform wavelength and amplitude, grain size, ﬂow resistance, standard deviation of hydraulic radius, and volume of large woody debris, and (2) potential control variables that change progressively downstream (drainage area, discharge) or that are likely to reﬂect a reach‐speciﬁc control (bed gradient). We tested the hypothesis that response variables correlate most strongly with local bed gradient because of the segmented nature of mountain channels.

Results from simple linear regression analyses indicate that most response variables correlate best with gradient, although channel width and width/depth ratio correlate best with discharge. Multiple regression analyses using Mallow's Cp selection criterion and log‐transformation of all variables produced similar results in that most response variables correlate strongly with gradient. These results suggest that the hypothesis is partially supported: channel bed gradient is likely to be a good predictor for many reach‐scale response variables along mountain rivers, but discharge is also an important predictor for some response variables. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining the hemispheric dominance of spatial attention: A comparison between fTCD and fMRI
Authors: Jansen Andreas , Flöel Agnes , Deppe Michael , van Randenborgh Jutta , Dräger Bianca , Kanowski Martin , Knecht Stefan
Published: July 2004

Human brain mapping allows the systematic assessment of interindividual differences in functional brain anatomy. Functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) is an imaging tool that allows for fast and mobile assessment of hemispheric lateralization of task‐related brain activation. It is ideal to screen large cohorts of subjects. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether fTCD and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) determine hemispheric lateralization of brain activation related to visuospatial attention concordantly. Used together, fMRI and fTCD may then open up a wide range of potential applications in neuroscience. Fifteen subjects were examined both with fTCD and fMRI while they judged accuracy of line bisections (Landmark task). For fTCD, the maximal mean difference in stimulus‐related relative cerebral blood flow velocity changes in the left and right middle cerebral arteries was assessed as the lateralization index LIfTCD. For fMRI, two approaches were used to determine hemispheric dominance. First, we measured brain activity as the extent of the activated region, i.e., the number of activated voxels above a statistical threshold. Second, we calculated the magnitude of the fMRI signal change between the activation and the control task within a region of interest. Results of fTCD and fMRI were concordant in every single case. Therefore, scanning large cohorts with fTCD for hemispheric dominance during Landmark task will provide results consistent with fMRI. FMRI can then be used for in depth assessment of the specific patterns of activation. Hum Brain Mapp 23:168–180, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What do students want? Perspectives from the front line of doctoral training in professional and Combined‐Integrated psychology
Authors: Braxton H. Harrison , Volker Martin A. , Loftis Christopher , Williams‐Nickelson Carol , Schulte Timothy J. , Kassinove Jeffrey I. , Tarquin Kristen , Scime Melinda
Published: July 2004

Doctoral students in professional psychology face broad challenges, such as changing market demands and increased competition for careers in traditional practice settings. To prepare for these demands, students must decide how much and when to specialize, if at all, predoctorally. Complicating matters, students in single practice area programs (clinical, counseling, or school) may risk becoming insulated within the culture of their practice area, which can limit exposure and understanding of the larger practice field. Despite conditions that may drive potential students away from psychology, little research exists on efforts to address student needs, or on student perspectives of doctoral training in general. One training model that is sensitive to these student needs and concerns is the Combined‐Integrated (C‐I) model. An exploratory study of C‐I student and graduate opinions, experiences, and aspirations revealed that C‐I students value breadth of training, diversity of experience, and professional flexibility, and that they experience diverse training opportunities and socialization experiences. Implications of these results vis‐à‐vis the larger framework of student concerns are examined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Raman bandshape analysis of o‐chlorobenzaldehyde: microviscosity‐dependent study
Authors: Gomti Devi Th. , Kumar Kamal
Published: July 2004

Isotropic Raman bandshape analysis was carried out for the CO stretching mode of o‐chlorobenzaldehyde using various polar and non‐polar solvents as a function of the solvents' hydrodynamic properties. The bandwidths of the isotropic components were measured at high dilution where the bandshape approaches Lorentzian. The effect of solvent viscosity on bandwidth was studied in details. It is clear that macroscopic consideration of the hydrodynamic force is not sufficient to correlate the vibrational relaxation rate (τv−1) with the parameter f(ρ, η, n), involving dynamic viscosity. The bandshape analysis was carried out taking the microviscosity into account using the parameter fm. The parameter fm shows a better correlation than f(ρ, η, n). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contact ion pairs: a quantitative Raman study of the NaClO3–DMF system
Authors: Alves Wagner A. , Téllez S Claudio A. , Hollauer Eduardo , Faria Roberto B.
Published: July 2004

Raman spectra of sodium chlorate in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solution were obtained. The band at 926 cm−1 that has been previously assigned to the vibrational mode of the associated chlorate with Cs symmetry is, in fact, due to the non‐associated chlorate vibration with C3v symmetry. In the ν2 region of the chlorate anion, a new feature at 600 cm−1 was observed and the results show that it also belongs to the non‐associated chlorate. Both bands at 926 and 600 cm−1 are assigned to the vibrations involving O37ClO, in full agreement with the results of normal coordinate analysis reported by others workers. Quantitative measurements performed in the range 590–630 cm−1, allowed the determination of the extent of contact ion pair formation. The results show that the ion association in the NaClO3–DMF system is significantly greater than in the NaClO4–DMF system and this is due the higher charge density and lower symmetry of the chlorate anion. Similar conclusions were reached by others who used different experimental techniques. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring children's choice: The reminder effect of product placement
Authors: Auty Susan , Lewis Charlie
Published: July 2004

There has been little attempt to understand the influence on children of branded products that appear in television programs and movies. A study exposed children of two different age groups (6–7 and 11–12) in classrooms to a brief film clip. They were then individually asked to demonstrate their witness skills by describing in as much detail as possible what they had seen. Half of each class was shown a scene from Home Alone that shows Pepsi Cola being spilled during a meal. The other half was shown a similar clip from Home Alone but without branded products. All children were invited to help themselves from a choice of Pepsi or Coke at the outset of the individual interviews. Those who had seen the branded clip made a significantly different choice of drink. The responses to the interviews suggest that it is not simply exposure to the film but rather previous exposure together with a reminder in the form of recent exposure that affects choice. Age (and by implication processing skill) does not appear to be a mediating factor affecting choice, because implicit memory (mere exposure) seems to be more important than explicit recall. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Werkstoffverhalten unter zügiger elastischer Beanspruchung
Authors: Evertz Th. , Sonne H.‐M. , Steinbeck G. , Engl B.
Published: July 2004

Im Rahmen eines gemeinschaftlichen Projektes der Stahl‐ und Automobilindustrie wurden an insgesamt 20 Stählen für Feinblech Kennwerte für die FE‐Simulation ermittelt. Im Einzelnen handelte es sich um elastische, plastische und zyklische Kennwerte, die über einen Zeitraum von 3 Jahren von unterschiedlichen Prüfstellen erarbeitet wurden. Die Bedeutung des temperatur‐ und richtungsabhängigen E‐Moduls für den Automobilbau ist in der Rückfederung beim Pressen von Blechen und der Steifigkeit von Automobilteilen begründet. Der E‐Modul wurde mit dem Zugversuch für den Anlieferungszustand, nach Vorverformung und teilweise nach Wärmebehandlung bei Raumtemperatur sowie bei –40 °C und 100 °C ermittelt. Der E‐Modul ist aufgrund der Walzbedingungen richtungsabhängig und kann in Gruppen zusammengefasst werden. Bereits eine Vorverformung von 2 % verursacht für ferritische Stähle eine Verringerung des E‐Moduls um ca. 10 %. Nach einer Wärmebehandlung bei 170 °C erholt sich der E‐Modul weitgehend. Die aus zerstörungsfreien Verfahren bekannte Temperaturabhängigkeit konnte bestätigt werden.
Basal prostate epithelial cells stimulate the migration of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Yu Hsiao‐Man , Frank Diane E. , Zhang Jie , You Xueke , Carter William G. , Knudsen Beatrice S.
Published: July 2004

Carcinoma cells in PIN are situated above a layer of basal epithelial cells, which shield the tumor cells from stimulation by factors from the prostate stroma. During progression to invasive carcinoma, the basal cell layer becomes disrupted and tumor cells adhere to the basement membrane. The close proximity of basal epithelial cells to tumor cells in the early stages of prostate oncogenesis raises the possibility that basal epithelial cells participate in tumor cell invasion. Here, we investigated the migration‐promoting activity of secreted factors from basal epithelial cells on BPH‐1 cells, which we used as an in vitro model of preinvasive prostate cancer cells. We showed that the conditioned medium of basal epithelial cells (PEC‐CM) contains adhesion proteins and chemotactic factors that stimulate adhesion, planar polarization, migration, and phosphorylation of Akt and that LY294002 and Wortmannin partially inhibit PEC‐CM‐triggered migration. We identified laminin‐5 as a major migration‐stimulating protein for BPH‐1 cells in PEC‐CM. Laminin‐5 induced migration is completely inhibited by LY294002 or Wortmannin. In addition, antibody‐depletion of laminin‐5 from PEC‐CM significantly diminishes the migration of BPH‐1 cells. These results demonstrated, that laminin‐5 is secreted by basal prostate epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro and stimulates migration of BPH‐1 cells through a PI3‐kinase dependent mechanism. Altogether, the possibility that basal epithelial cells assist in the invasion of in situ carcinoma cells is supported by the results from our in vitro system. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence of vascular hemiballism in the population of Belgrade
Authors: Pekmezović Tatjana , Svetel Marina , Ristić Aleksandar , Raičević Ranko , Ivanović Nataša , Smiljković Tatjana , Kostić Vladimir S.
Published: July 2004

Hemiballism is a relatively rare hyperkinetic disorder with unknown incidence. Stroke is the most common cause of hemiballism (vascular hemiballism), responsible for the disorder in 50% to 100% of cases. We studied the incidence of vascular hemiballism in the population of Belgrade (Serbia) 40 years of age or older during the period 1 January 1991 to 31 December 2002. During that time period, 37 patients with hemiballism due to stroke were diagnosed. The annual incidence rates varied from 0.14 to 0.87/100,000 (average 0.45/100,000) of general population. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Rapid‐onset dystonia–parkinsonism: A fourth family consistent with linkage to chromosome 19q13
Authors: Zaremba Jacek , Mierzewska Hanna , Lysiak Zofia , Kramer Patricia , Ozelius Laurie J. , Brashear Allison
Published: July 2004

Rapid‐onset dystonia–parkinsonism (RDP, DYT12, MIM 128235) is a rare autosomal dominant movement disorder characterized by abrupt onset of slow, dystonic movements and prominent bulbar features. Three families and 1 isolated case have been described in the literature, and linkage to markers on chromosome 19q13 have been reported. Here, we describe the clinical features in a fourth family (the second in Europe) with 4 affected members, suggesting that RDP may be misdiagnosed for years and/or may mimic other dystonic/parkinsonian syndromes. By using haplotype analysis, we show that the family is consistent with linkage to markers on chromosome 19q13. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Effect of chemically defined culture medium supplemented with β‐mercaptoethanol and amino acids on implantation and development of different stage in vivo‐ or in vitro‐derived mouse embryos
Authors: Bagis H. , Odaman Mercan H.
Published: July 2004

In vitro culture (IVC) systems are required for many biotechnological and assisted reproductive technologies and the researchers have been modifying in vitro embryo culture conditions to reach the comparable efficiencies provided in vivo. In the present study, the effects of β‐mercaptoethanol (β‐ME) and amino acids (AA) on the development of mouse embryos obtained in vivo or in vitro at different stages were investigated. Chemically defined potassium simplex optimized medium (KSOM) was used as basic culture medium and six experimental groups were established and by supplementation of β‐ME and AA into KSOM media. The quality of blastocysts was evaluated by counting the cells and determining the ratio of inner cell mass (ICM) to trophoectoderm (TE) cells. In addition, embryo transfer (ET) was performed to investigate the rate of implantation and live fetuses. The results obtained in the present study demonstrated that the combined treatment of β‐ME and AA to 1‐cell stage embryos not only enhanced in vitro development to the blastocyst stage but also improved both the number of blastocysts cells and live fetuses. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 69: 52–59, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sexing of in vitro produced ovine embryos by duplex PCR
Authors: Mara L. , Pilichi S. , Sanna A. , Accardo C. , Chessa B. , Chessa F. , Dattena M. , Bomboi G. , Cappai P.
Published: July 2004

The aim of this article was to develop a fast and easy duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, for sex determination of ovine in vitro produced embryos prior to implantation. We tested the approach with 107 samples of autosomal cells (oviductal sheep cells and male lamb fibroblasts), divided into three groups for each sex according to the number of cells employed (30, 5, 2, respectively). We then used the test on 21 embryos at blastocyst stage. On the same day the embryos were transferred in pairs into 11 recipient synchronized ewes. The PCR utilized two different sets of primers: the first pair recognized a bovine Y‐chromosome‐specific sequence (SRY), that showed 100% homology with the corresponding sequence of the ovine Y‐chromosome and is amplified in males only. The second pair recognized the bovine 1.715 satellite DNA (SAT) which was amplified in all ovine samples but, when submitted to the GenBank database did not show homology with any of the reported ovine sequences. However, after sequencing, ovine amplification product showed 98% homology with the bovine specific satellite sequence. The autosomal samples were amplified with 85.0% efficiency and 91.2% accuracy, while amplification was successful with all 21 embryos (100% efficiency). Eight lambs were born and the sex as determined by PCR corresponded to the anatomical sex in seven (87.5% accuracy). These results confirm that this method can be applied in ovine breeding programs to manipulate sex ratio of offspring. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 69: 35–42, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and Akt participate in the FSH‐induced meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes
Authors: Hoshino Yumi , Yokoo Masaki , Yoshida Noriyuki , Sasada Hiroshi , Matsumoto Hiromichi , Sato Eimei
Published: July 2004

Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) is known to play critical roles in signal transduction processes related to a variety of cellular activities. In the present study, we investigated the role of PI3K during meiotic maturation in mouse oocytes using a specific inhibitor,LY294002. In follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH)‐induced reversal of hypoxanthine‐mediated meiotic arrest of cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs), LY294002 suppressed germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), first polar body (PB1) emission, and cumulus expansion. To examine the effect of LY294002, denuded oocytes (DOs) were cultured in medium containing follicular fluid meiosis‐activating sterol (FF‐MAS) since absence of gonadotropin receptors in oocytes has been reported and FSH did not stimulate meiotic maturation of DOs in the presence of hypoxanthine. In FF‐MAS‐induced maturation of DOs, LY294002 suppressed PB1emission, but not GVBD. In spontaneous gonadotropin‐independent oocyte maturation, LY294002 had no effect on COCs and DOs. Akt/protein kinase B, a serine‐threonine kinase, is a key downstream effector of the PI3K pathway. Therefore, we also examined the distribution of Akt during FSH‐induced meiotic maturation. The distribution of Ser473 phosphorylated Akt was similar to the localization of microtubules, while Thr308 phosphorylated Akt was present in the pericentriolar materials (PCM) in metaphase I (MI) and II (MII) oocytes. LY294002 decreased the amount of Thr308 phosphorylated Akt to very low to undetectable levels in MI and MII oocytes. Ser473 phosphorylated Akt showed aberrant distribution and very low to undetectable levels of expression in LY294002‐treated MI and MII oocytes, respectively. These results suggest that PI3K and Akt participate in mouse meiotic maturation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 69: 77–86, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The regulation of competence to replicate in meiosis by Cdc6 is conserved during evolution
Authors: Lemaître Jean‐Marc , Bocquet Stéphane , Terret Marie‐Emilie , Namdar Mandana , Aït‐Ahmed Ounissa , Kearsey Stephen , Verlhac Marie‐Hélène , Méchali Marcel
Published: July 2004

DNA replication licensing is an important step in the cell cycle at which cells become competent for DNA replication. When the cell cycle is arrested for long periods of time, this competence is lost. This is the case for somatic cells arrested in G0 or vertebrate oocytes arrested in G2. CDC6 is a factor involved in replication initiation competence which is necessary for the recruitment of the MCM helicase complex to DNA replication origins. In Xenopus, we have previously shown that CDC6 is the only missing replication factor in the oocyte whose translation during meiotic maturation is necessary and sufficient to confer DNA replication competence to the egg before fertilization (Lemaitre et al., 2002: Mol Biol Cell 13:435–444; Whitmire et al., 2002: Nature 419:722–725). Here, we report that this oogenesis control has been acquired by metazoans during evolution and conserved up to mammals. We also show that, contrary to eukaryotic metazoans, in S. pombe cdc18 (the S. pombe CDC6 homologue), CDC6 protein synthesis is down regulated during meiosis. As such, the lack of cdc18 prevents DNA replication from occurring in spores, whereas the presence of cdc6 makes eggs competent for DNA replication. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 69: 94–100, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
β2‐agonist treatment enhances uterine oxytocin receptor mRNA expression in pregnant rats
Authors: Klukovits Anna , Ducza Eszter , Földesi Imre , Falkay George
Published: July 2004

The objective of this study was to disclose an interaction between β2‐adrenergic (β2‐ARs) and oxytocin (OT) receptors (OTRs) in the late‐pregnant rat uterus. We investigated the level of uterine OTR mRNA expression after the administration of β2‐AR agonists fenoterol and hexoprenaline to rats from day 18 to 22 of pregnancy, and also tested the effect of fenoterol on uterine explants. Hexoprenaline induced a maximum 24% increase of OTR mRNA. Fenoterol in vivo elicited a maximum 125% increase of OTR mRNA, in vitro produced a maximum fourfold increase in OTR mRNA. In fenoterol‐treated rats the maximal contractility increasing effect of OT on isolated uterine rings was significantly higher than in intact term pregnant rats, but the EC50 values were not statistically different. It was concluded that the enhanced expression of OTR mRNA induced by β2‐agonists in the late‐pregnant rat uterus may be a possible drawback to effective therapy of preterm uterine contractions with β2‐agonists. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 69: 60–65, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.