bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrospinnability of poly(butylene succinate): Effects of solvents and organic salt on the fiber size and morphology
Authors: Klairutsamee Watthana , Supaphol Pitt , Jangchud Ittipol
Published: July 2015

Submicrosized and nanosized fibers of polymers can be formed easily by electrospinning techniques. However, bead formation can occur if inappropriate solvent systems are used. In this study, we focused on investigating the effects of solvents and organic salt on the electrospinnability of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Electrospun PBS fibers were obtained from single‐solvent systems, that is, systems with chloroform (CF) or dichloromethane, at various concentrations (8–30% w/v). Discrete beads and beaded fibers were still found at every PBS concentration. In this study, the electrospinnability of the PBS solutions in CF were improved by the addition of methanol (MeOH) as a cosolvent and an organic salt [alkyl ammonium ethyl sulfate (AAES)]. The obtained fibers were smooth without any beads, and the diameters were affected by the amount of MeOH and the PBS concentration. The electrospinnability of PBS could be enhanced by the addition of a cosolvent with a high dielectric constant or organic salt (AAES). Moreover, the diameters of the electrospun PBS fibers decreased with increasing AAES concentration. We found that the presence of MeOH (30 vol %) and the addition of AAES caused an increase in the crystallinity of the PBS fibers. Therefore, we concluded that bead‐free ultrafine PBS fibers could be obtained through the addition of the cosolvent and the organic salt. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42716.
Shielding effectiveness of carbon‐filled polycarbonate composites
Authors: King Julia A. , Pisani William A. , Klimek‐McDonald Danielle R. , Perger Warren F. , Odegard Gregory M.
Published: July 2015

In this project, varying amounts of three different carbons [carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP)] were added to polycarbonate (PC). The resulting single filler composites were tested for shielding effectiveness (SE). The effects of single fillers and combinations of two different carbon fillers were studied via a factorial design. At the highest single filler loadings, the following SE results were obtained at 800 MHz: 18.9 dB for 10 wt % CB/PC, 18.4 dB for 8 wt % CNT/PC, and 6.3 dB for 15 wt % GNP/PC. The highest SE value of 21.4 dB was measured for the 5 wt % CB/5 wt % CNT/PC composite and could be used in SE applications (typically > 20 dB is needed). Statistically significant equations were developed that could be used to predict the SE of composites containing these fillers. In addition, it was determined that the composite SE is higher than what would be expected from the additive effect of each single filler for the CB/GNP/PC composites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42719.
Oil sorption behaviors of porous polydimethylsiloxane modified collagen fiber matrix
Authors: Du Weining , Han Xiaona , Li Zhengjun , Li Yupeng , Li Lixin , Wang Kunyu
Published: July 2015

A facial and cost‐effective synthesis method of converting the leather protein solid wastes into a value‐added collagen matrix oil sorbent is successfully established for the first time. Hide powder fiber (HPF) was firstly prepared by using the pre‐tanned fleshing wastes from the leather industry, and then cross‐linked with epoxy‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to produce hydrophobic collagen fiber, which was verified by the FT‐IR spectrum and contact angle analysis. Subsequently, a series of porous PDMS modified collagen‐based sorbents with roughness surface was successfully fabricated by solvent‐ and freeze‐drying methods respectively. The oil sorption capacity, sorption saturated time and retention capacity of the prepared sorbents was investigated. Combined with the SEM images, liquid displacement method and contact angle analysis, the results revealed that oil sorption capacities of the sorbent with lower pore size, higher porosity and rougher surface for silicone oil, motor oil and vegetable oil were approximate to 13.60, 12.50, and 11.92 g/g, respectively. Additionally, the sorption of oils is a quasi‐instantaneous process and also showed excellent oil retention capacity. It exhibited acceptable oil sorption performances as compared to commercial biomass sorbents. These findings indicated its potential as an eco‐friendly oil sorbent material. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42727.
Synthesis of iron oxides intercalated montmorillonite and α‐zirconium phosphate particles and their applications in polystyrene composites
Authors: Tan Xiaofang , Lu Hongdian , Wang Juan , Jin Chen , Yang Wei , Zhang Quanzheng
Published: July 2015

Three kinds of particles of organically modified montmorillonite (OMT) intercalated with iron oxides (Fe‐OMT), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and ethylamine (EA)‐modified zirconium phosphate (ZrP) intercalated with iron oxides, named as Fe‐ZrP(CTAB) and Fe‐ZrP(EA), respectively, were synthesized through a simple route. Characterization of these particles showed that they had a mesoporous lamellar structure with high specific surface area and mesoporous volume. The influence of these particles on the thermal properties and combustion effluents of polystyrene (PS) were comparatively studied with the widely used OMT. The results suggested that the presence of Fe‐OMT, Fe‐ZrP(CTAB), and Fe‐ZrP(EA) imparted PS with an increased thermal degradation onset temperature and a higher glass transition temperature, but they could not increase the thermo‐oxidative stability remarkably as OMT did. Meanwhile, Fe‐ZrP(CTAB) and Fe‐ZrP(EA) exhibited stronger acidity and higher efficiency in preventing the condensed phase oxidation than either OMT or Fe‐OMT, since they imparted the PS composites with a higher ratio of CO/CO2 in the combustion effluents. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42737.
Diversified Synthesis of Furans by Coupling between Enols/1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and Nitroolefins: Direct Access to Dioxa[5]helicenes
Authors: Ghosh Monoranjan , Santra Sougata , Mondal Pallab , Kundu Dhiman , Hajra Alakananda
Published: July 2015

A versatile method for the diversified synthesis of furans and arenofurans has been developed that proceeds through K2CO3‐promoted cyclization between enols/1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and nitroolefins at reflux in EtOH. This facile method has been successfully employed in the synthesis of benzotrifuran derivatives, which are useful hole‐transporting materials. This procedure also provides direct access to dioxa[5]helicenes. This reaction offers a broad substrate scope, uses an inexpensive base and environmentally benign solvent, and is operationally simple.
Multi‐frequency solar observations at Metsähovi Radio Observatory and KAIRA
Authors: Kallunki J. , Uunila M. , McKay‐Bukowski D.
Published: July 2015

We describe solar observations carried out for the first time jointly with Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array (KAIRA) and Aalto University Metshovi Radio Observatory (MRO). KAIRA is new radio antenna array observing the decimeter and meter wavelength range. It is located near Kilpisjärvi, Finland, and operated by the SodankyläGeophysical Observatory, University of Oulu. We investigate the feasibility of KAIRA for solar observations, and the additional benefits of carrying out multi‐instrument solar observations with KAIRA and the MRO facilities, which are already used for regular solar observations. The data measured with three instruments at MRO, and with KAIRA during time period 2014 April–October were analyzed. One solar radio event, measured on 2014 April 18, was studied in detail. Seven solar flares were recorded with at least two of the three instruments at MRO, and with KAIRA during the chosen time period. KAIRA is a great versatile asset as a new Finnish instrument that can also be used for solar observations. Collaboration observations with MRO instruments and KAIRA enable detailed multi‐frequency solar flare analysis. Flare pulsations, flare statistics and radio spectra of single flares can be investigated due to the broad frequency range observations. The Northern locations of both MRO and KAIRA make as long as 15‐hour unique solar observations possible during summer time. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Bochum Survey of the Southern Galactic Disk: II. Follow‐up measurements and multi‐filter photometry for 1323 square degrees monitored in 2010 – 2015
Authors: Hackstein M. , Fein Ch. , Haas M. , Ramolla M. , Pozo Nuñez F. , Barr Domínguez A. , Kaderhandt L. , Thomsch K. , Niedworok N. , Westhues Ch. , Chini R.
Published: July 2015

This paper is the second in a series describing the southern Galactic Disk Survey (GDS) performed at the Univer‐sitätssternwarte Bochum near Cerro Armazones in Chile. Haas et al. (2012, Paper I) presented the survey design and the characteristics of the observations and data. They identified ∼2200 variable stars in an area of 50 square degrees with more than 50 observations in 2011. Here we present the first complete version of the GDS covering all 268 fields with 1323 square degrees along the Galactic disk including revised data from Paper I. The individual fields were observed up to 272 times and comprise a maximum time span between September 2010 and May 2015. We detect a total of 64 151 variable sources, which are presented in a catalog including some of their properties and their light curves. A comparison with the International Variable Star Index (VSX) and All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) indicates that 56794 of these sources are previously unknown variables. Furthermore, we present U, B, V, r ′, i ′, z ′ photometry for all sources within the GDS, resulting in a new multi‐color catalog of nearly 16×106 sources detected in at least one filter. Both the GDS and the near‐infrared VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea survey (VVV) complement each other in the overlap area of about 300 square degrees enabling future comparison studies. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling leucine's metabolic pathway and knockout prediction improving the production of surfactin, a biosurfactant from Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Coutte François , Niehren Joachim , Dhali Debarun , John Mathias , Versari Cristian , Jacques Philippe
Published: July 2015

A Bacillus subtilis mutant strain overexpressing surfactin biosynthetic genes was previously constructed. In order to further increase the production of this biosurfactant, our hypothesis is that the surfactin precursors, especially leucine, must be overproduced. We present a three step approach for leucine overproduction directed by methods from computational biology. Firstly, we develop a new algorithm for gene knockout prediction based on abstract interpretation, which applies to a recent modeling language for reaction networks with partial kinetic information. Secondly, we model the leucine metabolic pathway as a reaction network in this language, and apply the knockout prediction algorithm with the target of leucine overproduction. Out of the 21 reactions corresponding to potential gene knockouts, the prediction algorithm selects 12 reactions. Six knockouts were introduced in B. subtilis 168 derivatives strains to verify their effects on surfactin production. For all generated mutants, the specific surfactin production is increased from 1.6‐ to 20.9‐fold during the exponential growth phase, depending on the medium composition. These results show the effectiveness of the knockout prediction approach based on formal models for metabolic reaction networks with partial kinetic information, and confirms our hypothesis that precursors supply is one of the main parameters to optimize surfactin overproduction.
Microwave‐assisted Synthesis, Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide, and Its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Raghavan C. M. , Sridhar Ch. , Shin Ji‐Hang , Ryu Sung Hun , Jang Kiwan , Shin Dong‐Soo
Published: July 2015

In this study, a facile, fast, and cost‐effective method for the synthesis of high‐quality reduced graphene oxide sheets is reported by a microwave‐assisted chemical reduction using hydroiodic acid/acetic acid as reducing agent. Exposure of graphene oxide (GO) with microwave irradiation (4 and 7 h) was found to be more rapid and sustainable reduction as compared to that of the conventional chemical reduction process (48 h). Formation of high‐quality microwave‐assisted reduced GO (mrGO) was ensured by means of electron microscopies, Raman, and infrared spectroscope studies. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity was evaluated for the mrGO, which showed good inhibitory effect against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
Clitoromegaly as first presentation of a neurocutaneous syndrome in a 3‐year‐old girl
Authors: Karabouta Zacharoula , Rousso Israel , Athanassiadou‐Piperopoulou Fani
Published: July 2015

Key Clinical Message

A rare cause of clitoral hypertrophy in a child is neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Although evaluation, including karyotype and hormonal studies, is necessary to exclude ambiguous genitalia, the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis as a possible cause of clitoromegaly may help avoid lengthy and sometimes invasive interventions.
Enhancement of Photoelectrochemical Performance in Water Oxidation over Bismuth Vanadate Photoanodes by Incorporation with Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Hu Yingfei , Su Yao , Huang Huiting , Qian Qinfeng , Guan Zhongjie , Feng Jianyong , Li Zhaosheng , Zou Zhigang
Published: July 2015

Bismuth vanadate photoanodes often suffer from poor electron transport, which restricts their photoelectrochemical performance in water oxidation. Here, reduced graphene oxide sheets with excellent electronic conductivity are introduced to bismuth vanadate photoanode films to provide a channel for electron transport. As a result, the charge separation efficiency of the photoanode films increases from 59 to 78 % at 420 nm and 1.23 V (vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode) under back irradiation. In particular, the onset potential for photoelectrochemical water oxidation over reduced graphene oxide–bismuth vanadate photoanode films has a cathodic shift of approximately 120 mV in potassium borate electrolyte compared to bare bismuth vanadate photoanode films.
Experimental Study on the Ignition and Extinction Characteristics of the Hydrothermal Flame
Authors: Zhang Fengming , Zhang Yong , Xu Chunyan , Chen Shouyan , Chen Guifang , Ma Chunyuan
Published: July 2015

An inner‐preheating transpiring‐wall reactor with a hydrothermal flame was designed and tested to avoid plugging in the preheating section. Hot water was used as auxiliary heating fluid to preheat the fuel to the ignition temperature. This work focused on the flame characteristics (i.e., the ignition and extinction processes, the ignition and extinction temperatures) inside the inner‐preheating transpiring‐wall reactor. The result shows that higher fuel concentrations and fuel flows permit lower ignition temperatures. The results of the nozzle configuration experiments show that lower velocities provide resistance to extinction.
Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Polymeric Materials
Authors: Guragain Sudhina , Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad , Malgras Victor , Nakashima Kenichi , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: July 2015

Stimuli‐responsive materials are of immense importance because of their ability to undergo alteration of their properties in response to their environment. The properties of such materials can be tuned by subtle adjustments in temperature, pH, light, and so forth. Among such smart materials, multi‐stimuli‐responsive polymeric materials are of pronounced significance as they offer a wide range of applications and their properties can be tuned through several mechanisms. Here, we aim to highlight some recent studies showcasing the multi‐stimuli‐responsive character of these polymers, which are still relatively little known compared to their single‐stimuli‐responsive counterpart.
Aza‐Quaternary Scaffolds from Selective Bond Cleavage of Bridgehead‐Substituted 7‐Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Cylindricines C–E and (−)‐Lepadiformine A
Authors: Pandey Ganesh , Janakiram Vaitla
Published: July 2015

A novel bridgehead‐substituted aza‐bicyclic framework has been designed and developed in both enantiomeric forms through an asymmetric desymmetrization reaction. Strategic exploitation of the ring strain in the aza‐bicyclic framework has been utilized for the construction of the chiral aza‐quaterenary scaffolds by selective bond fragmentation processes. Furthermore, a strategically designed precursor is employed for selective bond cleavage to initiate a cascade rearrangement for the total synthesis of the 1‐azaspirotricyclic marine alkaloids (+)‐cylindricines C, D, and E, as well as (−)‐lepadiformine A. An oxidation/retro‐aldol/aza‐Michael sequence generated three new chiral centers with the required configuration in one pot.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelating and Linking S4O132‐ Anions: Synthesis and Characterization of the Bis‐(tetrasulfato) Palladates M2[Pd(S4O13)2] (M: NH4, Rb, NO) and the Sodium Palladium Tetrasulfate Na2Pd(S4O13)2.
Authors: Bruns Joern , Haensch Mareike , Wickleder Mathias S.
Published: July 2015

SO3 used in the synthesis of the title compounds is generated by dropping oleum (65% SO3) on P4O10.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast, Solvent‐Free, Highly Enantioselective Three‐Component Coupling of Aldehydes, Alkynes, and Amines Catalyzed by the Copper(II)pybox Complex under High‐Vibration Ball‐Milling.
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Jiang Zhijiang , Su Weike
Published: July 2015

The employed copper(II) pybox catalyst system can be easily recovered and reused five times maintaining high performance without additional replenishment of ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Sulfides with Aliphatic Amines.
Authors: Gao Ke , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: July 2015

The amination of aryl methyl sulfides with primary and secondary amines is possible with KN(Tms)2 as base and SingaCycle type Pd‐complexes (SCA) as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective 1,5‐Stereocontrol in Pd(0)/InI Promoted Reactions of Chiral N‐Ts‐4‐Vinylazetidin‐2‐ones with Aldehydes. An Efficient Entry into Nonracemic Semi‐Protected (3Z)‐2,6‐anti‐Enediols.
Authors: Klimczak Urszula K. , Zambron Bartosz K.
Published: July 2015

If enantiomerically enriched or pure starting material (I) is used the stereoinformation retains.
ChemInform Abstract: A Silicon‐Assisted Synthesis of (E)‐β‐Haloenamides from N‐Vinylamides.
Authors: Szudkowska‐Fratczak Justyna , Zaranek Maciej , Hreczycho Grzegorz , Kubicki Maciej , Grabarkiewicz Tomasz , Pawluc Piotr
Published: July 2015

(E)‐β‐Iodoenamides and (E)‐β‐iodoenimides can be easily obtained from N‐vinyl derivatives (N‐vinylamides and N‐vinylimides) by stereoselective ruthenium‐catalyzed silylative coupling with vinyltrimethylsilane (Marciniec coupling) and subsequent stereospecific silicon—iodine exchange.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of 2,3,3‐Trifluoroallyl Esters: Synthesis of Trifluoromethylenamines via an Intramolecular Fluorine Shift and CF3 Group Construction.
Authors: Isa Kazuki , Minakawa Maki , Kawatsura Motoi
Published: July 2015

The reaction proceeds through the addition of a nitrogen nucleophile at the C‐2 position and the intramolecular construction of the trifluoromethyl group via the fluorine atom shift from the C‐2 to the C‐3 position.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Oxidation of Benzyl, Amino, and Propargyl Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones under Mild Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Reddy C. B. Rajashekar , Reddy Sabbasani Rajasekhara , Naidu Shivaji
Published: July 2015

Optimized mild conditions allow the preparation of the title compounds within a relatively short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Aryl Ketones by Addition of Alcohols to Alkynes Using Amberlyst‐15/Ionic Liquid as a Recyclable Catalytic System.
Authors: Wagh Kishor V. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: July 2015

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of substituted aryl ketones under metal‐ and solvent‐free reaction conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Unique Catalytic Activities of a Fluorinated Nickel Enolate.
Authors: Doi Ryohei , Kikushima Kotaro , Ohashi Masato , Ogoshi Sensuke
Published: July 2015

The synthesis of a novel fluorinated nickel enolate (FNE) is developed and the utility of this species as catalyst for the homo‐dimerization of aldehydes to esters is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Hiyama Coupling Reaction of Arylsulfonyl Hydrazides under Oxygen.
Authors: Miao Hui , Wang Fenhua , Zhou Shuangliu , Zhang Guangchao , Li Yang
Published: July 2015

The Hiyama‐coupling of arylsulfonyl hydrazides with aryl silanes as an alternative aproach to the coupling of silanes with aryl halides is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective [3 + 2]‐Annulation of Isatin‐Derived Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts with Cyclic Sulfonimines.
Authors: Wei Feng , Huang Hong‐Yan , Zhong Neng‐Jun , Gu Chun‐Ling , Wang Dong , Liu Li
Published: July 2015

The scalable reaction provides substituted aza‐spirooxindole derivatives containing fused cyclic sultams in a highly diastereoselective and enantioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Aurone Derivatives by the Tributylphosphine‐Catalyzed Regioselective Cyclization of o‐Alkynoylphenols.
Authors: Saito Koya , Yoshida Masahito , Doi Takayuki
Published: July 2015

Aurones are prepared by 5‐exo cyclization of alkynoylphenols without the formation of the corresponding flavones, except for substrates possessing a halogen atom on the phenol ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Mizoroki—Heck/Intermolecular C(sp3)—H Activation Sequence: An Approach to the Formation of C(sp3)—C(sp3) Bonds.
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhou Rong , Jiang Zhi‐Jie , Wang Xin , Fu Hai‐Yan , Zheng Xue‐Li , Chen Hua , Li Rui‐Xiang
Published: July 2015

A Pd‐catalyzed dimerization reaction of o‐halophenoxy substituted allylic substrates (I) and (III) is found to proceed through a Mozoroki—Heck/intermolecular unactivated C(sp3)—H alkylation domino process to give bis‐benzodihydrofuryl products in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: The Acidic Ionic Liquid [BSO3HMIm]HSO4: A Novel and Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Luo Yuan , Zhang Bao‐Qiang , He Yan‐Hong , Guan Zhi
Published: July 2015

The acidic ionic liquid [3‐methyl‐2‐(1‐sulfobutyl)‐1H‐imidazolium] hydrogensulfate (BMIH) is shown to be an efficient catalyst for the one‐pot three‐component condensation of amines, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, and nitroolefins to give substituted pyrroles of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Chymotrypsin‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)alkanes in Water.
Authors: Sun Dazhao , Jiang Guofang , Xie Zongbo , Le Zhanggao
Published: July 2015

A green, economical and efficient approach is developed for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)alkanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Syntheses of Substituted (.+‐.)‐3‐Oxoisoindoline‐1‐carbonitriles and Carboxamides Using OSU‐6.
Authors: Nammalwar Baskar , Muddala Nagendra Prasad , Murie Maeghan , Bunce Richard A.
Published: July 2015

The Strecker‐type reaction of o‐formylbenzoic acid (I) with silyl cyanide (III) and benzylic or aliphatic amines catalyzed by OSU‐6, an MCM‐41 type hexagonal mesoporous silica, can be tuned to generate two different products: substituted 3‐oxoisoindoline‐1‐carbonitriles (IV) at 23°C or the corresponding carboxamides (VI) at 78°C.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(Methoxycarbonyl)ethyl as a Removable N‐Protecting Group: Synthesis of Indoloisoquinolinones by Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Diamination of Alkynes.
Authors: Ha Tu M. , Yao Bo , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: July 2015

Pd(II)‐catalyzed double cyclization of 1,2‐diarylethynes bearing an N‐methyl‐N‐[2‐(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]amino and an aminocarbonyl group at the ortho positions of the two aromatic rings afford tetracyclic indoloisoquinolinones in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Complex‐Catalyzed Domino Addition/exo‐Cycloisomerization of Propargylic Alcohols and Tosyl Isocyanate to Form Oxazolidinones.
Authors: Li Deng Yuan , Chen Hao Jie , Liu Pei Nian
Published: July 2015

A tetradentate nitrogen‐phosphorus ligand is used for the ruthenium‐catalyzed title reaction with high exo‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis and Microtubule‐Destabilizing Properties of 4‐(1H‐Benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐furazan‐3‐amines.
Authors: Semenov Victor V. , et al.
Published: July 2015

A the great number of the title compounds is prepared in good yields via a novel procedure from aminofurazanyl hydroximoyl chlorides and o‐diaminobenzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: DBU‐Promoted Carboxylative Cyclization of o‐Hydroxy‐ and o‐Acetamidoacetophenone.
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Zhen , Liu Si , Lu Xiao‐Bing
Published: July 2015

Biologically important 4‐hydroxy‐2‐H‐chromen‐2‐one and 4‐hydroxy‐2(1H)‐quinolinone are conveniently obtained via the title carboxylative cyclization reaction using carbon dioxide as carboxylating reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Realized C—H Functionalization of Aryldiazo Compounds via Rhodium Relay Catalysis.
Authors: Qiu Lin , Huang Daorui , Xu Guangyang , Dai Zhenya , Sun Jiangtao
Published: July 2015

An unprecedented C—H functionalization of aryldiazo compounds in the presence of alkynes and a rhodium catalyst allows the synthesis of a wide variety of isoquinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Azidothieno[2,3‐b]pyridine Thermolysis as a Route to Novel peri‐Anellated Heterocyclic Derivatives — Benzo(furo)thieno[2,3,4‐ij]‐2,7‐naphthyridines.
Authors: Vasilin Vladimir K. , Kanishcheva Eugeniya A. , Stroganova Tatyana A. , Krapivin Gennady D.
Published: July 2015

Various title compounds (V) and (IX) are obtained by thermolysis of alkyl(aryl) 3‐azidothieno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxylates containing an aryl or heteroaryl substituent at position C‐4 of the thienopyridine core (IV) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Rh/Cu‐Catalyzed Multiple C—H, C—C, and C—N Bond Cleavage: Facile Synthesis of Pyrido[2,1‐a]indoles from 1‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐indoles and γ‐Substituted Propargyl Alcohols.
Authors: Li Ting , Wang Zhen , Zhang Mingliang , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Wen Ting‐Bin
Published: July 2015

The multi—step cascade transformation proceeds with excellent chemoselectivity in one—pot reaction
ChemInform Abstract: Domino [3 + 2 + 1] Heteroannulation for Stereoselective Synthesis of anti‐Pyrazolo[3,4‐d][1,3]oxazines.
Authors: Li Guigen , Jiang Bo , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Hao Wen‐Juan , Fan Wei , Sun Mu‐Yan , Ning Yi
Published: July 2015

Polysubstituted anti‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d][1,3]oxazines (III) are efficiently and stereoselectively obtained by three‐component one‐pot domino reaction of arylglyoxals with pyrazol‐5‐amines under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Sulfonylamidomethylation of 2‐(2‐Naphthyl) and 2‐(1‐Naphthyl)ethanesulfonamides: Synthesis of New Class of Naphthosultams.
Authors: Sasiambarrena Leandro D. , Canepa Alicia S. , Luna Constanza N. , Bravo Rodolfo D.
Published: July 2015

The amberlyst XN‐100 catalyzed reactions of sulfamides (I) and (IV) with trioxane (II) gives access to novel naphthosultams with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Amine—Borane Complexes: Air‐ and Moisture‐Stable Partners for Palladium‐Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Bromides and Chlorides.
Authors: Guerrand Helene D. S. , Vaultier Michel , Pinet Sandra , Pucheault Mathieu
Published: July 2015

Aryl halides are borylated using an amine—borane complex, which is generated prior to the addition of the coupling partners by treating BH3·NH(iPr)2 with HCl followed by deprotonation with (iPr)2NH.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic and Highly Enantioselective Selenolactonization.
Authors: Niu Wenxue , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: July 2015

4‐Aryl, hetaryl, and alkyl pent‐4‐enoic acids are transformed with N‐phenylselenophthalimide as an electrophilic selenium source.
ChemInform Abstract: A Li—Mg—N—H Composite as H2 Storage Material: A Case Study with Mg(NH2)2—4LiH—LiNH2.
Authors: Paik Biswajit , Li Hai‐Wen , Wang Jianhui , Akiba Etsuo
Published: July 2015

Mechanical activation of a 1:4:1 molar mixture of Mg(NH2)2, LiH, and LiNH2 by ball milling under Ar (400 rpm, 20 h) results in a composite which is further used in dehydrogenation experiments using TG‐DTA (140‐400 °C) with mass spectrometric gas detection.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Dots: The Newest Member of the Carbon Nanomaterials Family
Authors: Himaja A. L. , Karthik P. S. , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: July 2015

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Immobilization of Metals and Metalloids by Phosphates
Authors: Hafsteinsdottir Erla G. , Camenzuli Danielle , Rocavert Amy L. , Walworth James , Gore Damian B.
Published: July 2015

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Organic Reactions Using Mechanochemistry
Authors: Hernandez Jose G. , Friscic Tomislav
Published: July 2015

Review: [106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantioenriched Heterocycles Bearing a C—CF3 Stereogenic Center
Authors: Huang Yi‐Yong , Yang Xing , Chen Zhuo , Verpoort Francis , Shibata Norio
Published: July 2015

Review: [107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Harnessing the Versatile Reactivity of Propargyl Alcohols and Their Derivatives for Sustainable Complex Molecule Synthesis
Authors: Ayers Benjamin James , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: July 2015

Review: [72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Saturated Heterocycles via Metal‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Reactions
Authors: Ketcham John M. , Aponick Aaron
Published: July 2015

Review: recent advances in the area between the years 2002 and 2012
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances of Catalytic Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Maruoka Keiji
Published: July 2015

Review: 434 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydroboration of Carbonyl Derivatives, Imines, and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Chong Che Chang , Kinjo Rei
Published: July 2015

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions by Ball Milling
Authors: Yu Jingbo , Jiang Zhijiang , Su Weike
Published: July 2015

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry for Oncotheranostic Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Trouiller Anne Juliette , Hebie Seydou , el Bahhaj Fatima , Napporn Teko W. , Bertrand Philippe
Published: July 2015

Review: [73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development of Biotin Conjugation in Biological Imaging, Sensing, and Target Delivery
Authors: Ren Wen Xiu , Han Jiyou , Uhm Soojin , Jang Yu Jin , Kang Chulhun , Kim Jong‐Hoon , Kim Jong Seung
Published: July 2015

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Development of Synthetic Chemical Probes for Glycosidase Enzymes
Authors: Burke Helen M. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur , Scanlan Eoin M.
Published: July 2015

Review: 168 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Characterization of RXFP1‐Selective Human Relaxin Analogues
Authors: Chan Linda J. , Hossain Mohammed A. , Separovic Frances , Samuel Chrishan S. , Wade John D.
Published: July 2015

Review: 9 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Purely Organic Phosphorescent Materials
Authors: Mukherjee Sanjoy , Thilagar Pakkirisamy
Published: July 2015

Review: [64 refs.
Effektive Aufbereitung von Müllverbrennungsschlacken mittels Hochspannungsimpulsen
Authors: Dittrich Sebastian , Thome Volker , Seifert Severin , Maier Matthias
Published: July 2015

Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, dass mittels gepulster Hochspannungsimpulse eine selektive Aufbereitung von Schlacke aus Müllverbrennungsanlagen möglich ist. Es fallen, neben einem Feinanteil der als Filterrückstand aus dem Prozesswasser gewonnen wird, qualitativ fünf Stoffgruppen an, deren Quantität je nach Zusammensetzung der Schlacke variiert. Neben Glas, Keramik und Schmelzprodukten sind Eisen und NE‐Metalle von großem Interesse in Bezug auf Recycling. Schädliche Schwermetalle reichern sich im Feinanteil an, Chloride und Sulfate werden größtenteils mit dem Prozesswasser ausgewaschen. Somit kann das zu deponierenden Schlackevolumen auf die Hälfte reduziert werden.
Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activity of Glycoconjugates of Dithiocarbamates and Their Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes
Authors: Turnaturi Rita , Oliveri Valentina , Viale Maurizio , Monticone Massimiliano , Vecchio Graziella
Published: July 2015

Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) are an interesting class of ligands that have been extensively investigated. These compounds have great potential in the field of inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry. In fact, DTCs have been employed as pesticides, fungicides, antibiotics, and antitumor agents. Their applications seem to be tightly related to their ability to form complexes with several metal ions. In this context, DTC derivatives were synthesized and characterized with NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS), and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Their copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes were characterized by using ESI‐MS and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of DTC derivatives was assessed in human cancer cell lines, also in the presence of metal ions, such as copper(II) and zinc(II). Moreover, their superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like activity was determined.
Hybrid harmony search algorithm and fuzzy mechanism for solving congestion management problem in an electricity market
Authors: Jalili Aref , Ghadimi Noradin
Published: July 2015

A hybrid technique for solving the congestion management problem in an electricity market based on harmony search algorithm (HAS) and Fuzzy mechanism is presented in this article. This algorithm does not require initial value setting for the variables and does not require differential gradients, thus it can consider discontinuous functions as well as continuous functions. The HAS is a recently developed powerful evolutionary algorithm, inspired by the improvisation process of musicians, for solving single/multiobjective optimization problems. In the proposed technique, each musician plays a note for finding a best harmony all together. Transmission pricing and congestion management are the key elements of a competitive electricity market based on direct access. They also focus of much of the debate concerning alternative approaches to the market design and the implementation of a common carrier electricity system. This article focuses on the tradeoffs between simplicity and economic efficiency in meeting the objectives of a transmission pricing and congestion management scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is applied on 30 and 118 bus IEEE standard power system in comparison with CPSO, PSO‐TVAC, and PSO‐TVIW. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed technique is better and superior than other compared methods. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 90–98, 2016
In Situ Powder Diffraction Studies of Electrode Materials in Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Pang Wei Kong , Guo Zaiping , Peterson Vanessa K.
Published: July 2015

The ability to directly track the charge carrier in a battery as it inserts/extracts from an electrode during charge/discharge provides unparalleled insight for researchers into the working mechanism of the device. This crystallographic–electrochemical information can be used to design new materials or modify electrochemical conditions to improve battery performance characteristics, such as lifetime. Critical to collecting operando data used to obtain such information in situ while a battery functions are X‐ray and neutron diffractometers with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to capture complex and subtle structural changes. The number of operando battery experiments has dramatically increased in recent years, particularly those involving neutron powder diffraction. Herein, the importance of structure–property relationships to understanding battery function, why in situ experimentation is critical to this, and the types of experiments and electrochemical cells required to obtain such information are described. For each battery type, selected research that showcases the power of in situ and operando diffraction experiments to understand battery function is highlighted and future opportunities for such experiments are discussed. The intention is to encourage researchers to use in situ and operando techniques and to provide a concise overview of this area of research.
Cellulose Dissolution and In Situ Grafting in a Reversible System using an Organocatalyst and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Song Longchu , Yang Yunlong , Xie Haibo , Liu Enhui
Published: July 2015

Cellulose is a promising renewable material, but cannot easily be processed homogeneously owing to the stiffness of the molecules and the dense packing of its chains, due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Cellulose processability can be improved by chemical modification. The reversible reaction of cellulose with carbon dioxide in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) allows dissolution of cellulose in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). This DMSO solution is an effective medium for grafting l‐lactide (LLA) from cellulose by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) under mild conditions, allowing to prepare cellulose‐graft‐poly(l‐lactide) co‐polymers with a molar substitution (MSPLLA) of poly(l‐lactide) in the range of 0.37–5.32, at 80 °C. This makes DBU not only an important reagent to achieve cellulose dissolution, but it also acts as organocatalyst for the subsequent ring‐opening polymerization process. Characterization of the structure and thermal properties of the co‐polymers by a variety of techniques reveals that they have a single glass‐transition temperature (Tg), which decreases with increasing MSPLLA. Thus, the modification results in a transformation of the originally semirigid cellulose into a thermoplastic material with tunable Tg. The carbon dioxide dissolution strategy is an efficient platform for cellulose derivatization by homogeneous organocatalysis.
Belief propagation‐based compressed video sensing for mobile Internet
Authors: Tian Fang , Liu Haixiao , Song Bin , Qin Hao , Ren Guangliang
Published: July 2015

The very high data rate applications such as streaming high‐definition video have attracted much attention of researchers in 5G systems. However, the design of 5G communication terminals faces several challenges, including how to reduce the computational burden of signal acquisition at the terminals and how to improve both the reconstruction quality and robust performance in wireless channels. How simple and fast online video acquisition can be implemented and how the original images can be recovered effectively by an offline algorithm for mobile Internet are taken into consideration in this paper. Specially, we firstly propose a Markov chain model to characterize variations of the video sequences' temporal correlation, wherein we utilize the measurement residue that reflects the intensity changes to estimate the transition matrix. Then, a compressed video sensing framework for mobile Internet is presented with the belief propagation algorithm and the proposed video signal model. Numerical results show that our proposal could efficiently utilize the temporal correlation in video and then obtain both the improved reconstruction quality and robust performance in wireless communication systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Authors: Aujla Paven K. , Bogdanovic Vedran , Naratadam George T. , Raetzman Lori T.
Published: July 2015

Background: As the pituitary gland develops, signals from the hypothalamus are necessary for pituitary induction and expansion. Little is known about the control of cues that regulate early signaling between the two structures. Ligands and receptors of the Notch signaling pathway are found in both the hypothalamus and Rathke's pouch. The downstream Notch effector gene Hes1 is required for proper pituitary formation; however, these effects could be due to the action of Hes1 in the hypothalamus, Rathke's pouch, or both. To determine the contribution of hypothalamic Notch signaling to pituitary organogenesis, we used mice with loss and gain of Notch function within the developing hypothalamus. Results: We demonstrate that loss of Notch signaling by conditional deletion of Rbpj in the hypothalamus does not affect expression of Hes1 within the posterior hypothalamus or expression of Hes5. In contrast, expression of activated Notch within the hypothalamus results in ectopic Hes5 expression and increased Hes1 expression, which is sufficient to disrupt pituitary development and postnatal expansion. Conclusions: Taken together, our results indicate that Rbpj‐dependent Notch signaling within the developing hypothalamus is not necessary for pituitary development, but persistent Notch signaling and ectopic Hes5 expression in hypothalamic progenitors affects pituitary induction and expansion. Developmental Dynamics 244:921–934, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generation of Evc2/Limbin global and conditional KO mice and its roles during mineralized tissue formation
Authors: Zhang Honghao , Takeda Haruko , Tsuji Takehito , Kamiya Nobuhiro , Rajderkar Sudha , Louie Ke'Ale , Collier Crystal , Scott Greg , Ray Manas , Mochida Yoshiyuki , Kaartinen Vesa , Kunieda Tetsuo , Mishina Yuji
Published: July 2015

Ellis‐van Creveld (EvC) syndrome (OMIM 225500) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized with chondrodysplastic dwarfism in association with abnormalities in oral cavity. Ciliary proteins EVC and EVC2 have been identified as causative genes and they play an important role on Hedgehog signal transduction. We have also identified a causative gene LIMBIN for bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism (bcd) that is later identified as the bovine ortholog of EVC2. Here, we report generation of conventional and conditional mutant Evc2/Limbin alleles that mimics mutations found in EvC patients and bcd cattle. Resulted homozygous mice showed no ciliary localization of EVC2 and EVC and displayed reduced Hedgehog signaling activity in association with skeletal and oral defects similar to the EvC patients. Cartilage‐specific disruption of Evc2/Limbin resulted in similar but milder skeletal defects, whereas osteoblast‐specific disruption did not cause overt changes in skeletal system. Neural crest‐specific disruption of Evc2/Limbin resulted in defective incisor growth similar to that seen in conventional knockouts; however, differentiation of amelobolasts was relatively normal in the conditional knockouts. These results showcased functions of EVC2/LIMBIN during formation of mineralized tissues. Availability of the conditional allele for this gene should facilitate further detailed analyses of the role of EVC2/LIMBIN in pathogenesis of EvC syndrome. genesis 53:612–626, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The “Big Bang” in obese fat: Events initiating obesity‐induced adipose tissue inflammation
Authors: Wensveen Felix M. , Valentić Sonja , Šestan Marko , Turk Wensveen Tamara , Polić Bojan
Published: July 2015

Obesity is associated with the accumulation of pro‐inflammatory cells in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which is an important underlying cause of insulin resistance and progression to diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). Although the role of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in disease development is established, the initiating events leading to immune cell activation remain elusive. Lean adipose tissue is predominantly populated with regulatory cells, such as eosinophils and type 2 innate lymphocytes. These cells maintain tissue homeostasis through the excretion of type 2 cytokines, such as IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13, which keep adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in an anti‐inflammatory, M2‐like state. Diet‐induced obesity is associated with the loss of tissue homeostasis and development of type 1 inflammatory responses in VAT, characterized by IFN‐γ. A key event is a shift of ATMs toward an M1 phenotype. Recent studies show that obesity‐induced adipocyte hypertrophy results in upregulated surface expression of stress markers. Adipose stress is detected by local sentinels, such as NK cells and CD8+ T cells, which produce IFN‐γ, driving M1 ATM polarization. A rapid accumulation of pro‐inflammatory cells in VAT follows, leading to inflammation. In this review, we provide an overview of events leading to adipose tissue inflammation, with a special focus on adipose homeostasis and the obesity‐induced loss of homeostasis which marks the initiation of VAT inflammation.
Nuclear hormone receptors put immunity on sterols
Authors: Santori Fabio R.
Published: July 2015

Nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) are transcription factors regulated by small molecules. The functions of NHRs range from development of primary and secondary lymphoid organs, to regulation of differentiation and function of DCs, macrophages and T cells. The human genome has 48 classic (hormone and vitamin receptors) and nonclassic (all others) NHRs; 17 nonclassic receptors are orphans, meaning that the endogenous ligand is unknown. Understanding the function of orphan NHRs requires the identification of their natural ligands. The mevalonate pathway, including its sterol and nonsterol intermediates and derivatives, is a source of ligands for many classic and nonclassic NHRs. For example, cholesterol biosynthetic intermediates (CBIs) are natural ligands for RORγ/γt. CBIs are universal endogenous metabolites in mammalian cells, and to study NHRs that bind CBIs requires ligand‐free reporters system in sterol auxotroph cells. Furthermore, RORγ/γt shows broad specificity to sterol lipids, suggesting that RORγ/γt is either a general sterol sensor or specificity is defined by an abundant endogenous ligand. Unlike other NHRs, which regulate specific metabolic pathways, there is no connection between the genetic programs induced by RORγ/γt and ligand biosynthesis. In this review, we summarize the roles of nonclassic NHRs and their potential ligands in the immune system.
Voltammetric Determination of Cocaine Using Carbon Screen Printed Electrodes Chemically Modified with Uranyl Schiff Base Films
Authors: Muzetti Ribeiro Maria Fernanda , da Cruz Júnior José Wilmo , Dockal Edward Ralph , McCord Bruce Royston , de Oliveira Marcelo Firmino
Published: July 2015

Chemically modified screen printed electrodes (CM‐SPE) using [UO2(4‐MeOSalen)(H2O)] ⋅ H2O films were employed in the voltammetric determination of cocaine. The chemical modification was performed by dip coating electrode surfaces (carbon, gold, and platinum) with methanolic solution containing the Schiff base complex with subsequent drying step at room temperature. The optimized amount of the chemical modifier over the working electrode was found to be 2.39 µg mm−2 (geometric area). The voltammetric measurements were carried out in 50 : 50 v/v methanol:water solution containing 0.05 mol L−1 KCl and 0.1 mol L−1 LiCl as a supporting electrolyte without oxygen elimination by inert gas flow. The best results were obtained with carbon electrodes. Cocaine exhibits a well defined irreversible anodic peak current (ipa) at a potential (Epa) of 0.85 V vs Ag/AgCl. The current is directly proportional to the drug concentration. An optimal accumulation potential (Eprec), and time (tprec) of −0.80 V (vs Ag/AgCl), and 120 s, respectively, were determined. The linear dependence of ipa with square root of scan rate (υ) indicates that the mass transport at the electrode surface is controlled by diffusion. An optimized scan rate of 100 mV s−1 was obtained for analytical purposes. A limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) in 110 and 390 µmol L−1, respectively, with intra and inter‐day repeatability of 2.61 % and 3.77 %, respectively, were obtained. In interference studies the proposed method demonstrated high specificity for cocaine in the presence of morphine and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethanphetamine. The above results demonstrate that this method provides a fast and low cost procedure for determination of cocaine in trace levels.