bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-directed versus peer-supported digital self-management programmes for mental and sexual wellbeing after acquired brain injury (HOPE4ABI): protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wright Hayley , Walker-Clarke Aimee , Drummond Avril , Kidd Lisa , Yeates Giles , Williams Deborah , McWilliams David , Clyne Wendy , Clark Cain C. T. , Kimani Peter , Turner Andy
Published: November 2023

Background

Acquired brain injury (ABI) can lead to biopsychosocial changes such as depression, low self-esteem and fatigue. These changes can cause, and be caused by, sexual issues affecting relationships and wellbeing. Given the relationship between sexual wellbeing and mental health, it is feasible that supporting sexual wellbeing will benefit psychological wellbeing. However, neurorehabilitation is inconsistent and often fragmented across the UK, and psychological, sexual and social support are lacking. Research shows that self-management and peer-support programmes can improve quality of life, self-efficacy and psychological wellbeing after brain injury. This protocol describes a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a digital self-management programme to support mental and sexual wellbeing (known as HOPE4ABI), co-designed with and for people with ABI.

Methods

This mixed-methods feasibility RCT has two parallel trial arms of the 8-week digital HOPE4ABI self-management programme. Eligibility criteria include age > 18 years, diagnosed or suspected ABI > 3 months prior to trial entry, access to an Internet-enabled device and ability to engage with the intervention. Referrals to the study website will be made via the National Health Service (NHS), social media and partnering organisations. Sixty eligible participants will be randomised at a ratio of 1:1 to peer-supported (n = 30) or self-directed (n = 30) HOPE4ABI programmes. Primary feasibility outcomes include recruitment and retention rates, engagement, adherence and usage. Secondary outcomes related to standardised measures of quality of life, sexual wellbeing and mental wellbeing. Participants and peer facilitators will be interviewed after the course to assess acceptability across both trial arms.

Discussion

This feasibility trial data is not sufficiently powered for inferential statistical analyses but will provide evidence of the feasibility of a full RCT. Quantitative trial data will be analysed descriptively, and participant screening data representing age, ethnicity and gender will be presented as proportions at the group level. These data may indicate trends in reach to particular demographic groups that can inform future recruitment strategies to widen participation. Progression to a definitive trial will be justified if predetermined criteria are met, relating to recruitment, retention, engagement and acceptability.

Trial registration

ISRCTN46988394 registered on March 1, 2023.
Task-supported language instruction in an EFL context: impacts on academic buoyancy, self-esteem, creativity, and language achievement
Authors: Souzandehfar Marzieh , Ahmed Abdel-Al Ibrahim Khaled
Published: November 2023

Over the past few years, there has been an increasing focus on innovative approaches to language instruction in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. Task-supported language Instruction (TSLI) has emerged as one such approach. While previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of TSLI in improving language proficiency, its broader impact on learners' psychological and academic development remains relatively unexplored. This mixed-methods study aimed to investigate the effects of TSLI on academic buoyancy, self-esteem, creativity, and language achievement among 20 Iranian EFL participants. Semi-structured interviews were employed to measure academic buoyancy, self-esteem, and creativity qualitatively, while language achievement was assessed using the TOEFL iBT test. The study revealed that TSLI positively influenced academic buoyancy, fostering resilience and adaptive coping strategies among participants. Moreover, it significantly enhanced learners' self-esteem, promoting a positive and confident self-perception in their language abilities. Additionally, TSLI was found to facilitate creativity in the language learning process, encouraging imaginative thinking and creative expression in learners’ language use. Furthermore, the participants demonstrated improved language achievement after engaging in TSLI. The study's findings highlight the multifaceted impact of TSLI on various dimensions of language learning and learners’ overall experiences, underscoring the significance of learner-centered language instructional approaches in EFL contexts. The implications of this research contribute to the development of more effective and inclusive language instruction methods that enhance learners' academic buoyancy, self-esteem, creativity, and language achievement.
Strengthening the primary health care for non-communicable disease prevention and control in the post-pandemic period: a perspective from China
Authors: Pan Zhangyang , Wu Jing , Liu Yunguo
Published: November 2023

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become the leading cause of deaths in China and many other countries worldwide. To call for actions in strengthening primary health care (PHC) and accelerate NCD prevention and control in the post-pandemic era in China, the 2023 Duke Kunshan Health Forum focused on innovative approaches and lessons learned during the pandemic that can be applied in addressing NCD challenges. In this article we summarize key points discussed by the participants in three areas: PHC as the foundation and ultimate solution for NCD prevention and control, post-pandemic opportunities to accelerate the NCD program with innovative approaches, and an action framework proposed by the Forum collaborators to address remaining challenges and achieve NCD control objectives in China. The core of the suggested action framework is to offer people-centered, lifetime, comprehensive, continued, and quality NCD prevention and control services, which rely on an integrated healthcare system connecting the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care. To achive this objective, six interconnected actions are recommended in the framework: prioritizing and integrating NCD in PHC and Universal Health Coverage (UHC) framework, engaging multiple stakeholders, directing resources to PHC for quality NCD services, leveraging advantages of new technology, encouraging the use of PHC and improving services, and strengthening best practice sharing.
Cannabis and pathologies in dogs and cats: first survey of phytocannabinoid use in veterinary medicine in Argentina
Authors: Banach Diana , Ferrero Paola
Published: November 2023

Background

In animals, the endocannabinoid system regulates multiple physiological functions. Like humans, animals respond to preparations containing phytocannabinoids for treating several conditions. In Argentina, laws 27350 and 27669 have expanded the possibility of studying beneficial and adverse effects.

Materials and methods

We conducted a web-based survey of Argentinian Cannabis Veterinarians to make a situational diagnosis on the number of veterinary medicine professionals currently developing treatments with cannabinoids focusing on dogs and cats. 

Results

Among the species treated, 77% corresponded to dogs, while 21% were cats. Pain, seizures, and behavior disorders are the most prevalent conditions in dogs. Seven conditions and combinations were treated in cats. Full-spectrum cannabis extract derived from three different chemotypes was administered alone or with standard medication. Response to cannabis treatment was characterized based on improvement categorized according to clinical assessment. Both dogs and cats showed different improvement grades in clinical signs.

Conclusion

This analysis provides promising results regarding the medicinal use of cannabis in dogs and cats. Based on this analysis, we propose to expand the training of professionals, obtain quality preparations, and initiate controlled trials to reinforce knowledge of the use of cannabinoids in veterinary medicine.
A case of Gitelman syndrome with homozygous SLC12A3 deletion presenting with epilepsy
Authors: Wang Ying , Huang Wenting , Li Jia , Mao Shumin , Fang Wenqiang , Xu Huiqin
Published: November 2023

Background

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary renal tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalciuria.

Case presentation

We report a rare case of GS with homozygous loss of SLC12A3 presenting with epilepsy. The patient was a 21-year-old female who sought medical attention for seizures. Her condition primarily manifested as epilepsy, diarrhea, and weakness of limbs. Through genetic analysis, we confirmed the diagnosis of this case and formulated a comprehensive approach for its management.

Conclusions

This case report extends the clinical symptoms of GS and provides a complete family of GS as a reference for subsequent studies.
Enhancing endometrial pathology detection: chromohysteroscopy vs. conventional hysteroscopy in infertility evaluation
Authors: Jha Sangam , Singh Shalini , Singh Jafeesha B.
Published: November 2023

Background

Endometrial pathology is a recognized contributor to infertility and recurrent implantation failure, but its detection during hysteroscopy, particularly in the absence of visible lesions, is challenging. Chromohysteroscopy, involving the use of methylene blue dye, has shown promise in improving diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

This interventional cross-sectional study compared the diagnostic accuracy of chromohysteroscopy and conventional hysteroscopy, using histopathology as the gold standard. A total of 100 consenting infertility patients were included, in a sequential step, hysteroscopy followed by chromohysteroscopy using methylene blue dye was performed to enhance the detection of subtle endometrial pathologies.

Results

Among the 100 women who underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy, 76 exhibited normal findings, while 24 had abnormal findings. During chromohysteroscopy, 62 cases displayed a light staining pattern, and 38 cases exhibited dark staining. Histopathological analysis of biopsy tissue from the dark-stained areas revealed endometrial pathology in 84.2% (32/38) and normal endometrium in 15.8% (6/38) cases. In contrast, biopsies from the light-stained areas indicated abnormal endometrium in only 3.23% (2/62) cases, with the remaining 96.77% having a normal histology. Chromohysteroscopy demonstrated a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy (92%) for endometrial pathology compared to conventional hysteroscopy (58%). Notably, chromohysteroscopy’s sensitivity was 94.12%, and its specificity was 90.9%. The staining patterns observed during chromohysteroscopy correlated well with histological findings, highlighting its effectiveness in identifying structurally damaged endometrium.

Conclusion

Chromohysteroscopy emerges as a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing endometrial pathology, especially in infertility cases. This technique offers superior accuracy compared to conventional hysteroscopy, providing clinicians with a more precise means of diagnosis and potential targeted treatments.
The Nakata index and McGoon ratio: correlation with the severity of pulmonary regurgitation after the repair of paediatric tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Abbaszadeh Reza , Askari-Moghadam Raheleh , Moradian Maryam , Mortazaeian Hojat , Qomi Mohammad Reza Safaei , Omidi Negar , Khalili Yasaman , Tahouri Tahmineh
Published: November 2023

Background

Pulmonary regurgitation is the most common complication after the complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot, and severe pulmonary regurgitation after surgery requires pulmonary valve replacement. In this retrospective observational, cross-sectional study, we included a total of 56 children aged 6 years or younger who underwent complete repair of TOF at Shahid Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in Tehran, Iran. Preoperative dual-source computed tomography was used to measure the McGoon ratio and Nakata index. The patients were divided into two groups based on the severity of postoperative pulmonary regurgitation, as estimated by trans-thoracic echocardiography: the severe pulmonary regurgitation group and the non-severe pulmonary regurgitation group. The McGoon ratio and Nakata index were then compared between the two groups.

Results

When comparing the two groups, we found that the corrected right pulmonary artery diameter, main pulmonary artery diameter, and McGoon ratio in the non-severe pulmonary regurgitation group were higher than in the severe pulmonary regurgitation group. However, none of these differences were statistically significant. Additionally, other variables, including the corrected left pulmonary artery diameter and Nakata index, showed higher measurements in children with severe pulmonary regurgitation, but again, the differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

This study indicates that pulmonary arteries diameter, Nakata index, and McGoon ratio were not significantly correlated with the severity of pulmonary regurgitation after the complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
QbD-driven RP-HPLC method for novel chemo-herbal combination, in-silico, force degradation studies, and characterization of dual drug-loaded polymeric and lipidic nanocarriers
Authors: Kumar Ankaj , Jat Sandeep , Kumar Pramod , Gulbake Arvind
Published: November 2023

Background

In cancer therapies, chemo-herbal combinations are receiving increased attention. A multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, lenvatinib (LTB) is beneficial in treating thyroid, lung, endometrial, and liver cancers. An isoflavone called biochanin A (BCA) is well known for its diverse biological properties that have been studied to potentiate the anti-cancer potential and lower the normal cell toxicities of other therapeutics. LTB and BCA can be combined for cancer treatment and may increase their therapeutic potential at lower doses. In brief, the quality by design (QbD)-driven RP-HPLC method was developed, validated, and utilized for applications employing the study of forced degradants and the successful development of LTB and BCA co-loaded nanocarriers.

Results

The RP-HPLC method employed Box–Behnken design with peak resolution 6.70 ± 0.006, tailing factor 1.06 ± 0.05 for BCA and 1.17 ± 0.021 for LTB, and theoretical plates number > 2000. RP-HPLC applications utilized the investigation of a total of 41.17% and 70.58% degradants for LTB and BCA in contrast to in-silico predicted studies using Zeneth software. The poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) were formed with particle size 185.3 ± 12.3 nm, zeta potential − 13.3 ± 0.35 mV, and percentage entrapment efficiency (%EE) for the LTB and BCA 53.64 ± 4.81% and 61.29 ± 4.67%, respectively. However, the developed Cubosomes (CBs) exhibited 182.4 ± 16.3 nm aerodynamic particle size, − 10.8 ± 0.39 mV zeta potential, and % EE for LTB and BCA 55.62 ± 7.73% and 72.88 ± 5.52%, respectively. The percentage drug loading (%DL) of LTB and BCA from PLGA NPs was found to be 3.7 ± 0.46% and 4.63 ± 0.48%, whereas CBs exhibited higher % DL for BCA (5.42 ± 1.10%) and LTB (4.43 ± 0.77%).

Conclusion

The RP-HPLC method was developed and validated according to ICH and USP guidelines. In-vitro and in-silico forced degradation studies are evident to quantify the type of degradant and its exact mechanism of degradation. In-silico toxicity assessment for LTB, BCA, and their degradants explains the necessity of conducting degradation studies during drug development. Finally, the applications of the developed RP-HPLC method explain the usefulness of analytical methods in the development of chemo-herbal drug nanocarriers (polymeric and lipidic).

Graphical abstract
General psychiatry, still in no-man's land after all these years
Authors: Deahl Martin
Published: November 2023

Mental health services have changed beyond recognition in my 38-year career. In this editorial I reflect on those changes and highlight the issues that undermine patient care and damage staff morale. In particular, modern mental health services have undermined the therapeutic relationship, the bedrock underpinning all psychiatric treatment.
Durban Moments
Authors: Lee Christopher J.
Published: November 2023

This essay reviews a series of photographs by South African photographer Omar Badsha exhibited as part of Sharjah Biennial 15 (SB15). Collectively entitled Once We Were Warriors: Women and Resistance in the South African Liberation Struggle (1981–1999), the thirty-one images selected for SB15 highlight the role of women as political activists during the 1980s and 1990s across South Africa. The essay discusses Badsha’s biography and approach to photography, in addition to appraising the images themselves.
Revolution Squared
Authors: Said Atef Shahat
Published: November 2023

In Revolution Squared Atef Shahat Said examines the 2011 Egyptian Revolution to trace the expansive range of liberatory possibilities and containment at the heart of every revolution. Drawing on historical analysis and his own participation in the revolution, Said outlines the importance of Tahrir Square and other physical spaces as well as the role of social media and digital spaces. He develops the notion of lived contingency—the ways revolutionary actors practice and experience the revolution in terms of the actions they do or do not take—to show how Egyptians made sense of what was possible during the revolution. Said charts the lived contingencies of Egyptian revolutionaries from the decade prior to the revolution's outbreak to its peak and the so-called transition to democracy to the 2013 military coup into the present. Contrary to retrospective accounts and counterrevolutionary thought, Said argues that the Egyptian Revolution was not doomed to defeat. Rather, he demonstrates that Egyptians did not fully grasp their immense clout and that limited reformist demands reduced the revolution's potential for transformation.
Φυσικά προϊόντα θαλάσσιων και χερσαίων οργανισμών σε φυσικοχημικές διεργασίες κυτταρικής αύξησης και προστασίας σε βιολογικά υγρά
Authors: Μαρούλης Μάριος
Published: November 2023

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η παραγωγή υλικών φυτοβιοδιεγερτικής και νευροπροστατευτικής φύσεως από φυσικά προϊόντα θαλάσσιας και χερσαίας φυτικής προέλευσης, με εφαρμογές που εκτείνονται από κύτταρα φυτών μέχρι τα ευαίσθητα νευροκύτταρα του ανθρώπινου εγκεφάλου. Αδιαμφισβήτητα, σε αμφότερες περιπτώσεις, η φύση των νέων αυτών υλικών διαδραματίζει σημαίνοντα ρόλο σε κυτταρικές διεργασίες κυττάρων σε βιολογικά υγρά. Έτσι, ως στόχος της ερευνητικής εργασίας αναδύεται η πρότυπη μελέτη και πλήρης χημικός και βιολογικός χαρακτηρισμός παραπροϊόντων θαλάσσιων υλικών, ως βιολογικών λιπασμάτων και βιοδιεγερτών, αλλά και η ανάπτυξη φυσικών υλικών, συγκεκριμένα της ελαιοευρωπαΐνης από φύλλα ελιάς, ως νευροπροστατευτικών στην αποτροπή και επιβράδυνση της διεργασίας νευροεκφύλισης.
ΠΟΛΗ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ ΑΡΧΙΤΕΚΤΟΝΙΚΗ 1974-2004
Authors: Τασσοπούλου Μαρία
Published: November 2023

Η εποχή της μεταπολίτευσης αναμένεται να απασχολήσει επίκαιρες έρευνες με αφορμή τη συμπλήρωση 50 ετών από το ορόσημο του 1974. Στο ευρύτερο ιστορικό πλαίσιο και στο πεδίο της Αρχιτεκτονικής, θεωρίες και γεγονότα της μεταπολίτευσης όπως αυτά αναπτύχθηκαν και εξελίχθηκαν στα χρόνια που ακολούθησαν την πτώση της δικτατορίας, παραμένουν ένα αχαρτογράφητο πεδίο έρευνας έως τις ημέρες μας. Ο παρών συλλογικός τόμος αποτελεί την προσπάθεια να έρθει στο προσκήνιο για να συζητηθεί με ιστορικούς πια όρους, η πλούσια αρχιτεκτονική παραγωγή της μεταπολιτευτικής περιόδου. Το χρονικό πλαίσιο μελέτης περιορίζεται στο διάστημα 1974-2004, ως μια εποχή 30 ετών που στόχευε στην οικονομική ανάκαμψη, την ανασυγκρότηση και την πολιτική επανατοποθέτηση της χώρας στο διεθνές περιβάλλον, καθώς και στον επαναπροσδιορισμό των εθνικών αξιών, με επίκεντρο την κατασκευή ιδανικών και εθνικών ταυτοτήτων, εκκινώντας από αποκατάσταση του πολιτεύματος και κλείνοντας στο αποκορύφωμα της έκφρασης της εθνικής δυναμικής.Συγκεκριμένα, η έκδοση οργανώνει είκοσι τέσσερις μελέτες σε τρία μέρη, βάσει θεματικών κατευθύνσεων και μεθοδολογικών κριτηρίων. Στο πρώτο μέρος περιλαμβάνονται έρευνες που αφορούν στην πόλη της μεταπολίτευσης και εστιάζουν στην Αθήνα, με τις περιπτώσεις μελέτης να εμπίπτουν στο πεδίο της ιστορίας της πόλης, της πολεοδομίας και της αστικής πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς. Το δεύτερο μέρος διερευνά συσχετισμούς αρχιτεκτονικής και ταυτότητας, αναλύοντας και ερμηνεύοντας το κτισμένο έργο της περιόδου αναφοράς. Το τρίτο μέρος συζητά την πόλη και την αρχιτεκτονική της μεταπολίτευσης με την Αθήνα στο επίκεντρο, ανασύροντας προσωπικές μαρτυρίες και προβάλλοντας λογοτεχνικές αναφορές στο εκάστοτε πεδίο αναφοράς. Σκοπός είναι, τα τρία μέρη στο σύνολό τους, να λειτουργήσουν ως οδηγός αναφοράς για την μελέτη της πόλης της μεταπολίτευσης και ταυτόχρονα να συνεισφέρουν στο διάλογο για την πολιτική και την αρχιτεκτονική της μεταπολίτευσης, που αναμένεται να κυριαρχήσει στα επόμενα χρόνια.
The Impact of Terrorism on Fertility: Evidence From Women of Childbearing Age in Pakistan
Authors: Javeid Umer , Pratt Stephen , Li Han , Zhao Guochang
Published: November 2023

Direct and indirect exposure to terrorist attacks can have a significant impact on major life decisions, including the choice of whether to have a child. This study aims to investigate how terrorist attacks affect fertility. By pooling data from three years of cross-sectional surveys conducted between 2010 and 2015 by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, our findings reveal a positive correlation between terrorist attacks and fertility among women of childbearing age in Pakistan. Specifically, the probability of giving birth two years following a terrorist attack in one’s home district, all else equal, is 64 percent, compared to the probability of a woman not giving birth two years following a terrorist attack, which is 36 percent. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates that persistent terrorist attacks, that is, domestic and non-suicide incidents, result in higher probabilities of giving birth during a particular year. Conversely, less common and more prominent terrorist attacks – transnational and suicide incidents – result in lower probabilities of giving birth during a particular year. Additionally, we find that women from above-average-income households, those with higher education levels, older mothers, and those residing in rural areas are more likely to adjust their fertility upwards in response to terrorist attacks.
Belt and Road Initiative and China-Latin America Relations | A Iniciativa Cinturão e Rota e as relações China-América Latina
Authors: Almeida Ferreira Abrão Rafael
Published: November 2023

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has become a significant component of China’s foreign policy. Latin American countries were invited to participate in the BRI in 2018. Despite a considerable number of countries subscribing to the initiative, China has faced difficulties expanding the BRI in Latin America. The purpose of this paper is to investigate why Latin America is relevant to an Asian-centered project such as the BRI, how the BRI can influence the region's geopolitical and economic landscape, and what are the implications of this initiative for Latin American countries. This article argues that the future of the BRI in Latin America depends on China's ability to (1) address the concerns of countries that fear signing agreements related to the BRI amidst increasing competition between China and the US, and (2) make the BRI attractive to Taiwan's diplomatic allies.
How to assess the impact of generative artificial intelligence
Authors: Hosking Graham
Published: November 2023

It's impossible to escape CHatGPT and other large language model AIs that are promising to disrupt everything from homework to hacking. Generative AI has a lot to offer organisations looking to find efficiencies in their business processes. But it has to be approached intelligently and with a full understanding of the potential security pitfalls, not least to your data security.
Brazilian retractions in the Retraction Watch Database - RWDB by Edilson Damasio
Authors:   Maringá State University, Demasio Edilson
Published: November 2023

This poster is presented by Edilson Damasio Maringá State University / Crossref Ambassador at #Crossref2023 Annual Meeting and Board Election on October 31, 2023.
DESEMPENHO DOS PRINCIPAIS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS EXPORTADORES DE ERVA-MATE (2000-2020)
Authors: Favaretto Leticia , Favaretto Juliana , Lisbinski Fernanda Cigainski , Coronel Daniel Arruda
Published: November 2023

Este estudo objetivou analisar o desempenho e a eficiência dos principais estados brasileiros exportadores de erva-mate, no período que compreende os anos de 2000 a 2020. Para atingir esse objetivo, utilizaram-se os índices de Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas (IVCR) e de Posição Relativa (IPR) e construiu-se uma matriz de desempenho conforme a tendência linear da série histórica desses dois índices. Os estados considerados no presente estudo foram: Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e São Paulo. Dentre esses, verificou-se que os três estados da região Sul do país possuem vantagens comparativas reveladas na exportação desse produto, no entanto, apenas Rio Grande do Sul, Bahia, Minas Gerais e Mato Grosso do Sul apresentam tendência crescente para o IVCR. Os resultados do IPR mostraram que, com exceção do Mato Grosso do Sul, os demais estados analisados são exportadores líquidos de erva-mate, sendo que Rio Grande do Sul, Bahia, Minas Gerais e São Paulo possuem IPR crescente. Quanto à matriz de desempenho, constatou-se que apenas Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina são eficientes, enquanto Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Goiás e Rio de Janeiro tem potencial interno para melhorar as vantagens comparativas das exportações de erva-mate.
UM “OLHAR” PARA O PROCESSO DE “UBERIZAÇÃO”
Authors: Santos Farias Elaine , Vieira dos Anjos Júnior Eufrásio
Published: November 2023

O desenvolvimento da tecnologia e a facilidade na troca de informação proporcionam às empresas e a sociedade maiores conexões e disponibilidades para prestação de serviços. Desse modo, tem-se a oportunidade de atuação dos Transportes Compartilhados por Aplicativos (TCA) fundamentados pela economia compartilhada, fato que desencadeou num processo denominado como “Uberização”. O estudo objetiva analisar as contribuições dos TCA na geração de renda para os motoristas da cidade de Campina Grande – Paraíba. Utilizou-se abordagem qualitativa de cunho exploratório, a partir de um grupo focal on-line, via o aplicativo de mensagens WhatsApp, com um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, constituído por quinze tópicos. Com os resultados percebeu-se que o TCA é uma medida imediata para as pessoas que estão desempregadas ou para quem busca um meio de complementar renda. No entanto, atuar com TCA é uma condição temporal, pois é um trabalho com características de precariedade e de baixa remuneração.
Denoising 3D Integral Images by Unsupervised Deep Learning
Authors: Yaffe Danielle , Reuven Ayalla , Stern Adrian
Published: November 2023

3-D imaging techniques suffer from noise and deterioration of image quality. This work explores an unsupervised deep learning method for integral imaging denoising using a single shot that overcomes the problem of limited clean data.
Light Field Camera with Extended Depth of Field Using a Dual-Focal Micro-Lens Array
Authors: Shen Feiyi , Hua Hong
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the design and prototype of a light field camera with an extended depth of field by using a switchable dual-focal micro-lens array.
Synthetic data generation for machine learning of 3D features using neutrons and X-rays
Authors: Chu Pinghan , Wolfe Bradley Thomas , Broughton David Paul , Reinovsky Robert Emil , Sjue Sky K. , Wang Zhehui
Published: November 2023

This study evaluates machine learning models TBNs, AttSets, and MVD on simulated X-ray and neutron scattering images, indicating the potential for more efficient and accurate 3D reconstruction in imaging.
T-ray Profile Mapping for Wafer-scale Die Sorting and Yield Improvement
Authors: Rahman Anis
Published: November 2023

Dendrimer dipole excitation-based T-ray source is used with a nanoscanner for profiling dies on a patterned wafer. The proposed sorting criterion via profile mapping improves the yield significantly.
In-situ Monitoring and Process Control of Two-photon Lithography for Tissue Scaffold Fabrication
Authors: Sun Jieliyue , Howes Andrew , Jia Sixian , Burrow Joshua A. , Dawson Michelle , Shao Chenhui , Toussaint Kimani C.
Published: November 2023

We develop an in-situ monitoring method for nanoscale fabrication by two-photon lithography (TPL) using adaptive background subtraction and demonstrate its application in reproducing high-fidelity tissue scaffolds.
Optical-see-through near-eye-display with 3D occlusion
Authors: Park Jae-Hyeung , Han Woongseob , Lee Jae-Won , Shin Jung-Yeop , Choi Myeong-Ho , Kim Hak-Rin
Published: November 2023

We propose an augmented reality near-eye-display which can present varifocal virtual images with corresponding masks. The varifocal mask occludes the real scene behind the virtual images, enhancing their visibility.
Microscopic optical surface profiling at 67Hz
Authors: Vilar Narcís , Artigas Roger , Duocastella Martí , Carles Guillem
Published: November 2023

We present a technique for rapid microscopic optical surface profiling with large axial ranges. Measurements are reconstructed from a few images, with synchronized modulated-illumination and focal-sweeping during exposure. We demonstrate three-dimensional measurements at 67/s.
Depth-multiplexed ptychographic microscopy for high-throughput imaging of stacked bio-specimens on a chip
Authors: Yang Liming , Guo Chengfei , Jiang Shaowei , Lee Yujin , Song Pengming , Wang Ruihai , Wang Tianbo , Shao Xiaopeng , Zheng Guoan
Published: November 2023

We propose a novel on-chip depth-multiplexed ptychographic microscopy, enabling high-speed parallel imaging of multiple bio-specimens. By capturing the entire z-stacked specimens at once, it provides a long depth-of-field and efficient sample handling.
Active 3D camera based on laser absorption of molecular oxygen
Authors: Kääriäinen Teemu , Seppä Jeremias
Published: November 2023

We present a novel method for 3D imaging, based on laser light absorption by atmospheric oxygen. The camera uses a current tunable distributed feedback laser for illumination and a silicon-based CMOS camera for imaging.
A full-color holographic system based on RGB-D salient object detection and Taylor Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction point cloud gridding methods
Authors: Zhao Yu , Bu Jing-Wen , Yang Qing-Hui , Liu Wei , Huang Yuan , Ji Jia-Hui
Published: November 2023

We propose using the Taylor Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction method for point cloud gridding and RGB-D salient object detection to effectively improve the calculation speed. We have demonstrated the feasibility of these proposed methods through experiments.
Sound Field Imaging in Gas Flow using Parallel Phase-Shifting Digital Holography and Fourier Transform
Authors: Notte Shun , Hashimoto Sota , Inoue Tomoyoshi , Nishio Kenzo , Xia Peng , Rajput Sudheesh K. , Matoba Osamu , Awatsuji Yasuhiro
Published: November 2023

We propose a method for imaging of sound propagating in gas flow. We recorded a sound and gas flow simultaneously and separated the images of sound from phase images disturbed by gas flow.
High-Quality Hologram Generation Based on Advanced Layering Approach and Deep Neural Network for Holographic Display
Authors: Amgalan Tuvshinjargal , Dashdavaa Erkhembaatar , Hossain F M Fahmid , Shinde Rupali , Hossain Md. Biddut , Wu Hui-Ying , Jeon Seok-Hee , Nam-Kim
Published: November 2023

We propose generated a high-quality 3D model using a deep neural network by acquiring high-resolution 3D data from real-world objects and generated a high-speed and high-quality 3D CGH based on integrated hybrid map layering for use in holographic display.
Eyebox-Expanded Retina-Projection Near-eye Display Using Dihedral Corner Reflector Array
Authors: Han Woongseob , Park Jae-Hyeung
Published: November 2023

We propose a retina-projection near-eye display using a dihedral corner reflector array. The proposed system produces an all-in-focus image independent of the focal power of the eye lens by creating a virtual pinhole in the pupil plane.
Differentiable Microscopy: A New Paradigm for Optical System Design
Authors: Wadduwage Dushan N. , Haputhanthri Udith
Published: November 2023

We propose Differentiable Microscopy, a machine-learning-driven optical system design paradigm, that may invent new unconventional microscope designs using carefully curated data. We demonstrate Quantitative Phase Microscopy, and Confocal Microscopy as use cases.
Phase retrieval with multiple sensor masks
Authors: Song Li , Liu Haosen , Lam Edmund Y.
Published: November 2023

Since single sensor mask may cause information lost during phase retrieval, we refer to the Monte Carlo method to design multiple binary sensor masks for one diffraction pattern, leading to the enhanced phase retrieval result.
A Fully Differentiable Hydrodynamics Framework for Parameter Estimations
Authors: Lim Hyun , Klasky Marc
Published: November 2023

We present a fully differentiable hydrodynamics framework to facilitate the recovery of hydrodynamic code parameters and accompanying density fields consistent with radiographic projections. This framework is used to recover parameter directly from hydrodynamics simulations by using automatic differentiation.
Deep Learning for Snapshot Image Compressive Sensing
Authors: Zhang Haomiao , Wang Ping , Yuan Xin
Published: November 2023

This work proposes a novel image compression approach by spatially multiplexing the non-local information of image, which is a potential implementation of snapshot image compressive sensing.
High resolution off-axis digital holographic imaging using multi-level derivative spectral fusion
Authors: Shan Mingguang , Jin Qiqiang , Zhong Zhi , Liu Bin , Yu Lei , Liu Lei
Published: November 2023

A method using multi-level derivative spectral fusion is proposed to improve the resolution for off-axis digital holographic imaging. Some experiments are performed to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.
Multiple Wavelength Object Recognition with Spectrometer in the Wild for Precision Agriculture
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Byler Sean , Zhou WenJing
Published: November 2023

We propose a multiple wavelength laser spectrometer object recognition method. The method recognizes a wide range of objects in the wild environment. An accuracy of over 98% has been achieved through our approach.
Spatiotemporal Control of Nonlinear Effects in Multimode Fibers for Two-Octave High-Peak-Power Femtosecond Tunable Source
Authors: Qiu Tong , Cao Honghao , Liu Kunzan , You Sixian
Published: November 2023

We developed a two-octave high-peak-power femtosecond tunable source by spatiotemporal control of nonlinear effects in a step-index MMF through a customer-designed fiber shaper. Its application to improve label-free imaging quality was also demonstrated.
Evidence of Parametrically Down-Converted Photon Pairs in the X-Ray Spectrum
Authors: Hardy Abigail Mae , Hartley Nicholas J , Hodge Daniel , Sheehan Sean , Christie Eric , Buckway Taylor , Allred David , Ware Michael , Chiang Shiuh-hua Wood , Halavanau Alex , Tarvin Hilary , Wunschel Joseph , Xiao Yuming , Chow Paul , Gleason Arianna E , Camacho Ryan , Walker Gary , Sandberg Richard L.
Published: November 2023

We measured correlated X-ray photons from parametric down conversion as a means of creating entangled X-rays. Using a Laue diffraction geometry, we measured the efficiency of this process from single crystal diamond samples.
Applications of Neutron Counting MCP/Timepix Detectors in Neutron Imaging and Diffraction Experiments
Authors: Tremsin Anton S.
Published: November 2023

In this talk we will discuss the unique capabilities of neutron counting detectors with Microchannel Plates combined with a Timepix readout for various applications in neutron imaging and diffraction. With such detectors implemented at spallation neutron sources it is now possible to measure simultaneously more than 250,000 neutron transmission spectra, each within a 55 µm pixel. Despite substantial limitations of this method (e.g. integration of materials characteristics along the direction of neutron beam propagation) this novel technique can be attractive for some studies where other techniques fail due to opacity of the materials or due to bulky sample environment equipment. We present the results of studies of microstructure and elemental composition within various polycrystalline and single crystal materials. These experiments enable mapping of residual strain, uniformity of texture and location of various crystalline defects as well as mapping the bulk elemental concentration, all non-destructively. Investigation of dynamic processes, such as water penetration into various porous materials, in-situ crystal growth and annealing of materials as well as neutron imaging of highly radioactive samples will also be presented.
Thermal process of a silicon wafer under a CW laser and 100–10000  Hz pulsed laser irradiation
Authors: Jia Zhichao , Sun Luanhong , Chen Xiang , Li Xinhua , Li Zewen , Hao Lingyun
Published: November 2023

The thermal process of a (001) silicon wafer subjected to a continuous-wave (CW) laser and 100–10000 Hz pulsed laser irradiation is investigated experimentally and numerically. The temperature evolution of the spot center is measured using an infrared radiation pyrometer. The waveforms of the temperature evolution curves provide valuable information about melting, solidification, vaporization, and fracture. To gain a better understanding of the thermal process, a three-dimensional finite element model is established, and numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the temperature, stress, and dislocation field. The results show that the 10 kHz laser exhibits the highest heating efficiency before vaporization, but the lowest ablation efficiency after vaporization due to the shielding effect of vapor. The diffusion time of vapor is found to be more than 50 µs. Fracture occurs during 1 kHz laser irradiation. The motion of liquid may play a significant role, but it cannot be evidenced by a simulation due to complex dependence of material parameters on dislocation. This issue should be addressed as a priority in future studies.
From ray optics to modal analysis: using photonics web simulations to build intuition and address common misconceptions
Authors: Verlage Erik , Stump Glenda S. , Marshall Anne , Rayyan Saif , Saini Sajan , Kimerling Lionel C.
Published: November 2023

The emerging field of silicon photonics has created a large need for
Ph.D. photonic integrated circuit design engineers. Developing
intuition for electromagnetic waves at the micron scale is a major
challenge facing undergraduate and graduate students in photonics.
Students often misapply lessons learned from macroscale ray optics to
submicron waveguide modes in dielectric structures. In this work, key
student misconceptions were identified and addressed in a research
study using photonics training simulations. A learning module with
interactive 3D vector field visualizations was deployed in a massive
open online course to train the next generation of photonics design
engineers.
Terahertz tunable band-stop filter using topological valley photonic crystals
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , K. M. Rohith , Pandey Shashank , Srivastava Sanjeev K. , Kumar Gagan
Published: November 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the wideband propagation and control of terahertz (THz) radiation due to its potential for a variety of applications, such as 6G communication, sensing, and imaging. One promising approach in this area is the use of valley photonic crystals (VPCs), which exhibit properties like wider band gaps and robust propagation. In this paper, a two-dimensional dielectric silicon–air VPC is studied, which is constructed from a method of inversion symmetry breaking providing a band gap of 109.4 GHz at a mid-gap frequency of 0.376 THz. We employ an optimized bearded-stack interface to construct the VPC waveguide for wideband THz propagation along straight and Z-shaped paths. We demonstrate that a band-stop response can be achieved in a VPC by introducing periodic defects along the domain wall. Furthermore, the stop range can be tuned by varying the refractive index of the defects through incorporating liquid crystal along the domain wall of VPC. Our proposed structure and the techniques employed could be promising for the development of a band-stop filter (BSF) and other photonic components having potential applications in 6G communication and beyond.
Underwater motion scene image restoration based on an improved U-Net network
Authors: Liu Jianye , Luo Hu , Tu Dawei
Published: November 2023

Active underwater polarization imaging is a common underwater imaging method, which uses the polarization difference between the reflected light and the scattered light in the underwater scene to suppress the scattered light, so as to improve the imaging quality of the underwater scene. However, the implementation often requires the acquisition of multiple polarization images, which is not suitable for the restoration of images of underwater motion scenes. To address the problem, a U-AD-Net deep learning network model based on a single polarized image is proposed, taking the polarization information of the single polarized image as the feature input, based on the classic U-Net network model, and introducing Dense-Net and spatial attention module. The learning ability and generalization ability of the proposed model for deep features are enhanced, and the polarization information that is most helpful to the image restoration is extracted, so as to restore the scene image more comprehensively. IE, AG, UCIQE, and SSIM are selected as evaluation metrics to assess the quality of the restored images. Experimental results show that the images restored through this proposed method contain richer detail information, having an obvious advantage to the existing network models. Since only a single polarized image is needed for restoration, this method has dynamic adaptability to underwater moving scene restoration.
Design of a compact off-axis two-mirror freeform optical antenna for shaping and transmitting an elliptical beam emitted by laser diode
Authors: Chen Xin , Hu Lizhong , Liu Jianing , Wang Chaoxiang , Bai Chenxi , Zheng Yifan , Qin Yan , Yang Huajun , Jiang Ping
Published: November 2023

Elliptical Gaussian beams generated by laser diodes (LDs) often exhibit asymmetrical divergence angle distribution, which limits their practical applications. In this study, we propose what we believe is a novel approach to shape and collimate the elliptical output beam from a LD. The design process involves the construction of two freeform reflective surfaces on a reference circle using a three-dimensional point-by-point iterative method, based on the law of conservation of energy, the vector reflection theory, and Fermat’s principle. The output beam’s maximum divergence angle is effectively compressed to 3.1579 mrad. The design is compact with a folded optical path and antenna size of 368.8cm3. This paper presents a comprehensive design and optimization process, along with an in-depth analysis of the system’s performance, thereby offering novel insights for emerging optical design practitioners.
Experimental study and modeling of extreme ultraviolet 4000 lines/mm diffraction gratings coated with periodic and aperiodic Al/Mo/SiC multilayers
Authors: Mahmoud Amr Hisham K. , de Rossi Sébastien , Meltchakov Evgueni , Capitanio Blandine , Thomasset Muriel , Vallet Maxime , Delmotte Franck
Published: November 2023

Multilayer coated diffraction gratings are crucial components for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) applications such as spectroscopy or spectro-imaging. However, for high groove density, the smoothening of the grating surface profile with multilayer deposition remains a limitation that requires further investigation. In this paper, we report on the design, characterization, and modeling of 4000 lines/mm diffraction gratings coated with periodic and aperiodic Al/Mo/SiC multilayers for EUV radiation. Two types of gratings with different groove depths are compared. Multilayer coatings were designed using a genetic algorithm to maximize the first-order diffraction efficiency in the 17–21 and 19–23 nm wavelength ranges at normal incidence. Periodic and aperiodic multilayers with different numbers of layers were deposited by magnetron sputtering on the two types of fused silica gratings, and the grating groove profile evolution was measured by atomic force microscopy and cross-section transmission electron microscopy. The first-order diffraction efficiency was measured in the EUV at 5° incidence using monochromatic synchrotron radiation and modeled using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis method. The simulation models refined by using the Debye–Waller factor to account for the multilayer interfacial roughness show good agreement with experimental data. The results reported in this study will allow for designing efficient EUV multilayer gratings for high-resolution spectro-imaging instruments.
Correction procedure for a tomographic optical setup employing imaging fiber bundles and intensified cameras
Authors: Müller Marcel N. , Bauer Florian J. , Cai Weiwei , Huber Franz J. T. , Will Stefan
Published: November 2023

For reliable tomographic measurements the underlying 2D images from different viewing angles must be matched in terms of signal detection characteristics. Non-linearity effects introduced by intensified cameras and spatial intensity variations induced from inhomogeneous transmission of the optical setup can lead, if not corrected, to a biased tomographic reconstruction result. This paper presents a complete correction procedure consisting of a combination of a non-linearity and flatfield correction for a tomographic optical setup employing imaging fiber bundles and four intensified cameras. Influencing parameters on the camera non-linearity are investigated and discussed. The correction procedure is applied to 3D temperature measurements by two-color pyrometry and compared to results without correction. The present paper may serve as a guideline for an appropriate correction procedure for any type of measurement involving optical tomography and intensified cameras.
Accelerating the Performance of Single-Pixel Imaging with Swept Aggregate Patterns
Authors: Kilcullen Patrick , Ozaki Tsuneyuki , Liang Jinyang
Published: November 2023

Using off-the-shelf hardware, we present a new technique for compressive single-pixel imaging capable of both ultrahigh-speed image acquisition at 12,000 frames per second (fps), and real-time operation at 100 fps.
Digital image correction methods using dark-field digital holographic microscopy for semiconductor metrology
Authors: Adhikary Manashee , Cromwijk Tamar , Konijnenberg Sander , Coene Wim , Witte Stefan , de Boer Johannes , Boef Arie den
Published: November 2023

In semiconductor fabrication industry, the demand for faster and more reliable optical metrology systems increases with the continued shrinking of feature sizes in integrated circuits. We present digital holographic microscopy for diffraction-based overlay metrology that opens new possibilities to image small metrology targets with weak diffraction efficiencies using simple optics, and digitally correct experimental imperfections.
Numerical investigations on multiplexing scalability in ptychography
Authors: Penagos Molina Daniel S. , Eschen Wilhelm , Liu Chang , Limpert Jens , Rothhardt Jan
Published: November 2023

We present a detailed numerical analysis on the multiplexing capabilities in ptychography for boosting scanning performance. By using 16 mutually incoherent beams for illumination, a performance increase up to 15× was found.