bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Integrating Vision Transformers with Digital Twins in Industry 5.0 Context
Authors: Kovari Attila
Published: January 2025

The transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 gives more prominence to human-centered and sustainable manufacturing practices. This paper proposes a conceptual design framework based on Vision Transformers (ViTs) and digital twins, to meet the demands of Industry 5.0. ViTs, known for their advanced visual data analysis capabilities, complement the simulation and optimization capabilities of digital twins, which in turn can enhance predictive maintenance, quality control, and human–machine symbiosis. The applied framework is capable of analyzing multidimensional data, integrating operational and visual streams for real-time tracking and application in decision making. Its main characteristics are anomaly detection, predictive analytics, and adaptive optimization, which are in line with the objectives of Industry 5.0 for sustainability, resilience, and personalization. Use cases, including predictive maintenance and quality control, demonstrate higher efficiency, waste reduction, and reliable operator interaction. In this work, the emergent role of ViTs and digital twins in the development of intelligent, dynamic, and human-centric industrial ecosystems is discussed.
The Role of Platelet Concentrates and Growth Factors in Facial Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review with Case Series
Authors: Malcangi Giuseppina , Inchingolo Angelo Michele , Inchingolo Alessio Danilo , Ferrante Laura , Latini Giulia , Trilli Irma , Nardelli Paola , Longo Marialuisa , Palermo Andrea , Inchingolo Francesco , Dipalma Gianna
Published: January 2025

Background and objectives: Due to the regeneration potential of growth factors (GFs) and platelet concentrates (PCs), facial rejuvenation has been a major area of attention in esthetic medicine. The effectiveness and safety of PCs and GFs in promoting face rejuvenation are examined in this systematic review, which is complemented by a case series. GFs are essential for collagen production and dermal matrix remodeling, while PCs, like Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), are abundant in bioactive chemicals that promote tissue healing and cellular regeneration. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, focusing on human clinical trials published between February 2019 and February 2024 related to PRP and facial esthetics. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Conclusions: The review summarizes the most recent data on patient outcomes, treatment regimens, and possible hazards. The case series that goes with it shows real-world examples of how to improve skin elasticity, texture, and general facial appearance with little negative side effects. These results highlight the potential use of PCs and GFs as minimally invasive procedures.
A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications in Pulmonary Hypertension (PH)
Authors: Attaripour Esfahani Sogol , Baba Ali Nima , Farina Juan M. , Scalia Isabel G. , Pereyra Milagros , Abbas Mohammed Tiseer , Javadi Niloofar , Bismee Nadera N. , Abdelfattah Fatmaelzahraa E. , Awad Kamal , Ibrahim Omar H. , Sheashaa Hesham , Barry Timothy , Scott Robert L. , Ayoub Chadi , Arsanjani Reza
Published: January 2025

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Traditional diagnostic and management approaches for PH often face limitations, leading to delays in diagnosis and potentially suboptimal treatment outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI), encompassing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) offers a transformative approach to PH care. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for original studies on AI applications in PH, using predefined keywords. Out of more than 500 initial articles, 45 relevant studies were selected. Risk of bias was evaluated using PROBAST (Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool). Results: This review examines the potential applications of AI in PH, focusing on its role in enhancing diagnosis, disease classification, and prognostication. We discuss how AI-powered analysis of medical data can improve the accuracy and efficiency of detecting PH. Furthermore, we explore the potential of AI in risk stratification, leading to treatment optimization for PH. Conclusions: While acknowledging the existing challenges and limitations and the need for continued exploration and refinement of AI-driven tools, this review highlights the significant promise of AI in revolutionizing PH management to improve patient outcomes.
Group Psychological Therapy Program in Adult Patients with Congenital Heart Disease and Anxious–Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Martínez-Quintana Efrén , Codana-Alcántara Karen , Montesdeoca-Naranjo Hector M. , García-Suárez Marta Isabel , Fleitas-Álvarez María Pino , Alcántara-Castellano María , Ruiz-Castellano Alejandro , González-Isasi Ana , Rodríguez-González Fayna , Bosch-Casañas Esperanza
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Anxiety and depression are significant mental health concerns for individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD). As group therapy has proven to be a valuable and effective treatment option for managing anxiety and depression, the aim of this study was to determine its effects on patients with CHD and anxious–depressive symptoms. Methods: We used non-pharmacological psychological group intervention, of six weekly sessions of 90 min each, administered by trained personnel, in adult patients with CHD. Measurement tools included quality of life (Euro quality of life-5D questionnaire), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), anxiety (State–Trait Anxiety Inventory), depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II), and satisfaction surveys. Results: A total of 18 out of 21 CHD patients (mean age 35.8 ± 9.0 years old and 13 (72%) females) completed the program. According to CHD complexity, five (28%) patients had mild, six (33%) moderate, and seven (38%) great defects. Patients with CHD scored significantly higher in the Euro quality of life visual analogue scale (7.83 ± 1.4 vs. 7.14 ± 1.6, p = 0.012) and lower in the Beck Depression Inventory-II (12.3 ± 10.9 vs. 18.1 ± 12.1, p = 0.003) post-program than pre-intervention. Meanwhile, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale score was close to reaching statistical significance (27.4 ± 6.0 vs. 25.1 ± 5.4, p = 0.051), while the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory did not. Finally, participants scored high in the satisfaction questionnaire at the end of the sessions, on a scale from 0 to 3, especially in the questions related to feeling comfortable with others (2.5 ± 0.6), recommending the program (2.3 ± 0.6), or being willing to attend future sessions (2.6 ± 0.8). Conclusions: Group psychological therapy proved to be a useful tool to reduce depressive symptomatology after a 6-week program, providing a comfortable environment to patients with CHD.
Picosecond Laser Etching of Glass Spiral Microfluidic Channel for Microparticles Dispersion and Sorting
Authors: Chen Rong , He Shanshan , He Xiansong , Xie Jin , Zhu Xicong
Published: January 2025

In microfluidic chips, glass free-form microchannels have obvious advantages in thermochemical stability and biocompatibility compared to polymer-based channels, but they face challenges in processing morphology and quality. Hence, picosecond laser etching with galvanometer scanning is proposed to machine spiral microfluidic channels on a glass substrate. The objective is to disperse and sort microparticles from a glass microchip that is difficult to cut. First, the micropillar array and the spiral microchannel were designed to disperse and sort the particles in microchips, respectively; then, a scanning path with a scanning interval of 5 μm was designed according to the spot diameter in picosecond laser etching; next, the effects of laser power, scanning speed and accumulation times were experimentally investigated regarding the morphology of spiral microchannels; finally, the microfluidic flowing test with 5 μm and 10 μm microparticles was performed to analyze the dispersing and sorting performance. It was shown that reducing the laser power and accumulation times alongside increasing the scanning speed effectively reduced the channel depth and surface roughness. The channel surface roughness reached about 500 nm or less when the laser power was 9 W, the scanning speed was 1000 mm/s, and the cumulative number was 4. The etched micropillar array, with a width of 89 μm and an interval of 97 μm, was able to disperse the different microparticles into the spiral microchannel. Moreover, the spiral-structured channel, with an aspect ratio of 0.51, significantly influenced the velocity gradient distribution, particle focusing, and stratification. At flow rates of 300–600 μL/min, the microparticles produced stable focusing bands. Through the etched microchip, mixed 5 μm and 10 μm microparticles were sorted by stable laminar flow at flow rates of 400–500 μL/min. These findings contribute to the design and processing of high-performance glass microfluidic chips for dispersion and sorting.
Enhanced Tolerance to Antifungals as a General Feature of Rho− Mutants in Yeast Species: Implications to Positive Selection of Respiratory Deficiency
Authors: Johnson Zachary , Nadim Farhan , Zubko Mikhajlo K.
Published: January 2025

Although the mitochondrial genome is an attribute of all eukaryotes, some yeast species (called petite-positive) can replicate without mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Strains without mtDNA (known as rho− mutants or petite mutants) are respiration-deficient and require fermentable carbon sources (such as glucose) for their metabolism. However, they are compromised in many aspects of fitness and competitiveness. Nevertheless, a few research groups have reported that some petite mutants of Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae manifested higher levels of tolerance to the antifungal fluconazole than their wild-type (WT) counterparts. In this study, we show that elevated tolerance to two or three out of four tested antifungals is a generic feature of at least five petite-positive species of yeasts including C. glabrata (higher tolerance of petites to clotrimazole and miconazole), S. bayanus (tolerance to clotrimazole, fluconazole, and miconazole), S. cerevisiae (tolerance to clotrimazole and fluconazole), S. paradoxus (tolerance to clotrimazole, fluconazole, and miconazole), and S. pastorianus (tolerance to clotrimazole and fluconazole). Comparing the levels of tolerance to the antifungals in WT and petite mutants was based on measuring the diameters of the zones of inhibition (ZOIs) using disc diffusion assays. The mode of inhibition in the majority of WT strains by all antifungals was fungicidal; most of the rho− mutants manifested fungistatic inhibition. We observed partial (not complete) inhibition in WT, with four different types of ZOI patterns that were species- and antifungal-specific. The partial inhibition was characterised by the presence of antifungal-tolerant colonies within ZOI areas. The inability of these colonies selected from ZOIs to grow on glycerol, as a single source of carbon, proved that they were rho− mutants spontaneously generated in the WT populations. The results on the elevated tolerance of petite strains to antifungals are discussed in terms of the prospective positive selection of respiratory-deficient mutants and the various implications of such selection.
Crown Gall Induced by a Natural Isolate of Brucella (Ochrobactrum) pseudogrignonense Containing a Tumor-Inducing Plasmid
Authors: Hooykaas Marjolein J. G. , Hooykaas Paul J. J.
Published: January 2025

Crown gall disease in plants is caused by “Agrobacteria”, bacteria belonging to the Rhizobiaceae family, which carry a tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid. Unexpectedly, we found evidence that a natural isolate from a rose crown gall, called NBC51/LBA8980, was a bacterium that did not belong to the Rhizobiaceae family. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that this bacterium contained three large DNA circles with rRNA and tRNA genes, representing one chromosome and two chromids, respectively, and two megaplasmids, including a Ti plasmid. Average nucleotide identity (ANIb, ANIm) and genome-to-genome distance (GGDC) values above the thresholds of 96% and 70%, respectively, showed that NBC51/LBA8980 belonged to the species Brucella (Ochrobactrum) pseudogrignonense. Its Ti plasmid was almost identical to certain succinamopine Ti plasmids previously identified in Agrobacterium strains, suggesting that this Ti plasmid may have been recently acquired by NBC51/LBA8980 in the tumor environment.
Helicobacter pylori HP0135 Is a Small Lipoprotein That Has a Role in Outer Membrane Stability
Authors: Nguyen Doreen , Ivester Rachel G. , Rosinke Kyle , Hoover Timothy R.
Published: January 2025

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium and human pathogen that is linked to various gastric diseases, including peptic ulcer disease, chronic gastritis, and gastric cancer. The filament of the H. pylori flagellum is surrounded by a membranous sheath that is contiguous with the outer membrane. Proteomic analysis of isolated sheathed flagella from H. pylori B128 identified the lipoprotein HP0135 as a potential component of the flagellar sheath. HP0135 is a small protein, with the mature HP0135 lipoprotein only 28 amino acid residues in length. Deletion of hp0135 in H. pylori B128 resulted in morphological abnormalities that included extensive formation of outer membrane vesicles and increased frequency of mini-cells. Introducing a plasmid-borne copy of hp0135 into the H. pylori Δhp0135 mutant suppressed the morphological abnormalities. The phenotype of the Δhp0135 mutant suggests HP0135 has roles in stabilizing the cell envelope and cell division.
Correction: Shi et al. A Comprehensive Overview of the Antibiotics Approved in the Last Two Decades: Retrospects and Prospects. Molecules 2023, 28, 1762
Authors: Shi Zhenfeng , Zhang Jie , Tian Lei , Xin Liang , Liang Chengyuan , Ren Xiaodong , Li Min
Published: January 2025

In the original publication [...]
Stereoelectronic Effect of Protecting Groups on the Stability of Galactosyl Donor Intermediates
Authors: Kwok Ryan W. , Rutkoski Ryan , Nagorny Pavel , Marianski Mateusz
Published: January 2025

Using methods of DFT, we investigated the effect of electron withdrawing and electron donating groups on the relative stability of tentative glycosyl donor reaction intermediates. The calculation shows that by changing the stereoelectronic properties of the protecting group, we can influence the stability of the dioxolenium type of intermediates by up to 10 kcal mol−1, and that by increasing nucleophillicity of the 4-O-Bz group, the dioxolenium intermediate becomes more stable than a triflate–donor pair. We exploited this mechanism to design galactosyl donors with custom protecting groups on O2 and O4, and investigated the outcome of the reaction with cyclohexanol. The reaction showed no change in the product distribution, which suggests that the neighboring group participation takes precedence over remote group participation due to kinetic barriers.
Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect and Bioavailability of Irradiated Silver Nanoparticle-Capped Chitosan-Coated Rosuvastatin Calcium Nanovesicles for the Treatment of Liver Cancer
Authors: Mahmoud Tamer Mohamed , Abdelfatah Mohamed Mahmoud , Omar Mahmoud Mohamed , Hasan Omiya Ali , Wali Saad M. , El-Mofty Mohamed S. , Ewees Mohamed G. , Salem Amel E. , Abd-El-Galil Tarek I. , Mahmoud Dina Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Liver cancer is a prevalent form of carcinoma worldwide. A novel chitosan-coated optimized formulation capped with irradiated silver nanoparticles (INops) was fabricated to boost the anti-malignant impact of rosuvastatin calcium (RC). Using a 23-factorial design, eight formulations were produced using the solvent evaporation process. The formulations were characterized in vitro to identify the optimal formulation (Nop). The FTIR spectra showed that the fingerprint region is not superimposed with that of the drug; DSC thermal analysis depicted a negligible peak shift; and XRPD diffractograms revealed the disappearance of the typical drug peaks. Nop had an entrapment efficiency percent (EE%) of 86.2%, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.254, a zeta potential (ZP) of −35.3 mV, and a drug release after 12 h (Q12) of 55.6%. The chitosan-coated optimized formulation (CS.Nop) showed significant mucoadhesive strength that was 1.7-fold greater than Nop. Physical stability analysis of CS.Nop revealed negligible alterations in VS, ZP, PDI, and drug retention (DR) at 4 °C. The irradiated chitosan-coated optimized formulation capped with silver nanoparticles (INops) revealed the highest inhibition effect on carcinoma cells (97.12%) compared to the chitosan-coated optimized formulation (CS.Nop; 81.64) and chitosan-coated optimized formulation capped with silver nanoparticles (CS.Nop.AgNPs; 92.41). The bioavailability of CS-Nop was 4.95-fold greater than RC, with a residence time of about twice the free drug. CS.Nop has displayed a strong in vitro–in vivo correlation with R2 0.9887. The authors could propose that novel INop could serve as an advanced platform to improve oral bioavailability and enhance hepatic carcinoma recovery.
Genome-Wide Study of Plant-Specific PLATZ Transcription Factors and Functional Analysis of OsPLATZ1 in Regulating Caryopsis Development of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yang Tao , Xu Xin-Tong , Tang Li-Jun , Wei Wen-Tao , Zhao Yuan-Yuan , Liu Jin-Xin , Yao Xue-Feng , Zhao Heng , Liu Chun-Ming , Bai Ai-Ning
Published: January 2025

Plant A/T-rich sequence- and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) is a type of plant-specific zinc-dependent DNA-binding protein that binds to A/T-rich DNA sequences. This family is essential for plant growth, development, and stress response. In this study, 15 OsPLATZs were identified in the rice genome with complete PLATZ-conserved domains by CD-search, similar to those found in angiosperms. Multi-species phylogenetic analysis showed that PLATZs were conserved in photosynthetic organisms, and an evolutionary branch unique to angiosperms was identified among members of the PLATZ family. Fifteen OsPLATZs were represented by five groups, each with distinct characteristics. An analysis of protein structures and sequence motifs showed that OsPLATZs were similar within groups, but varied between them. The expression profile and qRT-PCR results showed that OsPLATZs had distinct expression patterns in different tissues, with some responding to stress induction. Most of the OsPLATZs localized to the nuclei, and were predicted to bind to DNA sequences by AlphaFold3, suggesting that they likely function as conventional transcription factors. We also identified OsPLATZ1, a caryopsis-specific gene that regulates grain filling and caryopsis development in rice. This research lays the foundation for exploring the structural diversity, evolutionary traits, expression profile, and possible roles of PLATZ transcription factors in rice.
Development of an Analytical Model for Predicting the Shear Viscosity of Polypropylene Compounds
Authors: Seifert Lukas , Leuchtenberger-Engel Lisa , Hopmann Christian
Published: January 2025

The need for an efficient adaptation of existing polypropylene (PP) formulations or the creation of new formulations has become increasingly important in various industries. Variations in viscosity resulting from changes in raw materials, fillers, and additives can have a significant impact on the processing and quality of PP products. This study presents the development of an analytical model designed to predict the shear viscosity of complex PP blends. By integrating established mixing rules with novel fitting parameters, the model provides a systematic and efficient method for managing variability in PP formulations. Experimental data from binary and multi-component blends were used to validate the model, demonstrating high prediction accuracy over a range of shear rates. The proposed model serves as a valuable tool for compounders and manufacturers to optimise PP formulations and develop new recipes with consistent processing and product quality. Future work will include industrial-scale trials and further evaluation against advanced machine learning approaches.
A Micro Insight of Water Permeation in Polyurethane: Navigating for Water Transport
Authors: Chen Kai , Hang Zhenyuan , Wu Yongshen , Zhang Chao , Wu Yingfeng
Published: January 2025

Polyurethane (PU) grouting materials are widely used in underground engineering rehabilitation, particularly in reinforcement and waterproofing engineering in deep-water environments. The long-term effect of complex underground environments can lead to nanochannel formation within PU, weakening its repair remediation effect. However, the permeation behavior and microscopic mechanisms of water molecules within PU nanochannels remain unclear. In this paper, a model combining PU nanochannels and water molecules was constructed, and the molecular dynamics simulations method was used to study the effects of water pressure and channel width on permeation behavior and microstructural changes. The results reveal a multi-stage, layered permeation process, with significant acceleration observed at water pressures above 3.08 MPa. Initially, water molecules accelerate but are then blocked by the energy barrier of PU nanochannels. After about 20 ps, water molecules overcome the potential barrier and enter the nanochannel, displaying a secondary acceleration effect, with the maximum permeation depth rises from 1.8 nm to 11.8 nm. As the channel width increases, the maximum permeation depth increases from 7.5 nm to 11.6 nm, with the rate of increase diminishing at larger widths. Moreover, higher water pressure and wider channels enhance the stratification effect. After permeation, a hydrophobic layer of approximately 0.5 nm thickness forms near the channel wall, with a density lower than that of the external water. The middle layer shows a density slightly higher than the external water, and the formation of hydrogen bonds between water molecules increases toward the channel center.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Cutting Force of Milling Deicing Robot Milling Cutter
Authors: Zhou Junlong , Tang Chao , Zhu Maolin , Chen Wenchao , Yang Hongchun , Wei Donghong , He Gaohui
Published: January 2025

During deicing operations on transmission lines, the cutting forces generated by the milling cutter of a deicing robot exert significant reaction forces on the robot body. Excessive cutting forces can compromise the robot’s locomotion stability and deicing performance. This study introduces an optimization of the traditional straight-plate milling cutter by designing two new types of deicing milling cutters: oblique-cut and straight-cut milling cutters. The effects of cutter geometry, milling speed, and feed rate on cutting forces were systematically investigated using finite element simulations. A deicing test platform was constructed to validate the simulation results. The findings indicate that the cutting force hierarchy among the three designs is as follows: straight-plate > oblique-cut > straight-cut. Notably, the straight-cut milling cutter reduces cutting forces by 16–33% compared with the traditional straight-plate cutter. Furthermore, higher milling speeds and faster feed rates along the transmission line increase cutting forces. These studies provide valuable guidance for optimizing milling cutter designs in deicing robots.
A Machine Learning Algorithm to Aid the Development of Repair Materials for Ancient Ceramics via Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ye Jianhong
Published: January 2025

In ancient historical ceramics, for various reasons, some problems such as dirt and damage inevitably occur, and necessary repair work must be carried out. Throughout ceramics restoration work, the selection and use of materials are very important. Thus, it is necessary to explore the use of modern intelligent algorithms to assist the selection and application of restoration materials during the whole restoration process, in order to improve the effectiveness of ancient ceramics restoration. In this study, convolutional neural network (CNNs) technology and a machine learning (ML) algorithm were applied to images of ceramics for the defect identification and repair of ancient ceramics, aided by additive manufacturing (AM). The simulation results show that the recall of this algorithm for AM ancient ceramics image recognition was improved by 19.68%. In order to enhance the restoration effects on ancient ceramics, it is necessary to enhance their restoration by expanding the use of digital technology, with the intent to maintain the advantages of traditional handicrafts. Therefore, we should review experiences in the restoration of ancient ceramics, introduce digital technology according to specific needs, and enhance the advanced nature of restoration work.
Joint Transmit Waveform and Receive Mismatched Filter Design to Suppress Range Sidelobe
Authors: Wang Hairui , Tao Haihong , Zhong Tiantian , Li Wendi
Published: January 2025

Pulse compression technology can augment the likelihood of target discernment without degradation and without amplifying system hardware requisites. However, radar-communication integrated waveforms may cause mismatches in reception due to communication modulation, leading to increased loss in processing gain (LPG). This method aims to achieve communication transmission while suppressing near-range sidelobe interference (NRSI) with a minor sacrifice in LPG. An environment-based weighted mismatched filter (EWMF) design methodology is proposed to attenuate NRSI to the requisite level, with further control of LPG possible by adjusting communication modulation parameters. Moreover, the alternating direction method of multipliers is employed to jointly optimize the integrated waveform and filter design. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated using the average sidelobe level over a specified region as the performance metric. Theoretical evaluation and experimental results confirm the applicability of waveforms using EWMF, effectively suppressing NRSI, and this method is suitable for all waveforms based on pulse compression processing. Notably, it offers cost-reduction advantages without requiring modifications to the radar transmitter or receiver.
Real-Time Prediction of the Yarn Break Position Using Vibration Measurement
Authors: Idzik Marcin , Rybicki Tomasz
Published: January 2025

Warping is a crucial process that connects two main stages of production: yarn manufacturing and fabric creation. Two interrelated parameters affect the efficiency of this technological process: warping speed and the ability to swiftly detect the yarn breaks caused by various defects. The faster a break is detected and the warping machine stopped, the higher the machine’s working speed can be. Since the beginning of such devices, various types of yarn break detectors have been proposed, primarily based on different mechanical solutions. To enhance the break detection process, a solution involving the use of an accelerometer to measure yarn vibrations and thereby detect whether the moving yarn has broken is proposed. Based on the detection of a threshold value of 22 m/s2, the warping machine could be stopped within 2.752 to 2.808 ms, which is 50 times faster than in the traditional mechanical detectors under investigation. Furthermore, through a precise analysis of yarn vibration patterns, it became possible to determine the distance from the sensor at which the break occurred. This analysis was conducted using the proprietary MRSCEK coefficient, which aggregates data obtained from six standard coefficients: mean, root mean square, standard deviation, crest factor, energy, and kurtosis. This information could potentially lead to the development of automated systems for removing breaks without human intervention in the future. Research efforts focused on analyzing the vibration signals received from yarns made with different linear densities. The results showed that such a system could effectively replace commonly used mechanical yarn break detectors and operate much faster.
Integrating Blockchain Technology into Mobility-as-a-Service Platforms for Smart Cities
Authors: Miron Radu , Hulea Mihai , Muresan Vlad , Clitan Iulia , Rusu Andrei
Published: January 2025

As cities evolve into smarter and more connected environments, there is a growing need for innovative solutions to improve urban mobility. This study examines the potential of integrating blockchain technology into passenger transportation systems within smart cities, with a particular emphasis on a blockchain-enabled Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) solution. In contrast to traditional technologies, blockchain’s decentralized structure improves data security and guarantees transaction transparency, thus reducing the risk of fraud and errors. The proposed MaaS framework enables seamless collaboration between key transportation stakeholders, promoting more efficient utilization of services like buses, trains, bike-sharing, and ride-hailing. By improving integrated payment and ticketing systems, the solution aims to create a smoother user experience while advancing the urban goals of efficiency, environmental sustainability, and secure data handling. This research evaluates the feasibility of a Hyperledger Fabric-based solution, demonstrating its performance under various load conditions and proposing scalability adjustments based on pilot results. The conclusions indicate that blockchain-enabled MaaS systems have the potential to transform urban mobility. Further exploration into pilot projects and the expansion to freight transportation are needed for an integrated approach to city-wide transport solutions.
Influence of Altitude and Climatic Factors on the Floristic Composition of the Moorlands of the Guamote Canton, Ecuador: Key Revelations for Conservation
Authors: Cushquicullma-Colcha Diego Francisco , Ati-Cutiupala Guicela Margoth , Guilcapi-Pacheco Edmundo Danilo , Villacis-Uvidia Juan Federico , Brito-Mancero Marcela Yolanda , Vaca-Cárdenas Pedro Vicente , Vasco-Lucio Martha Marisol , Muñoz-Jácome Eduardo Antonio , Vaca-Cárdenas Maritza Lucia
Published: January 2025

The Andean paramos are unique and biodiverse environments. Located between the upper limit of forest and perpetual snow, they provide ecosystem services, especially freshwater supply; however, anthropogenic activities and climate change have altered their distribution and composition. This paper analyses the influence of altitude and climatic factors on the floristic composition of the páramos. A quasi-experimental study was used in three altitudinal gradients, collecting geolocalised data on species and bioclimatic variables. Principal component analysis, using the HJ-Biplot visualisation technique and k-means clustering algorithms, was applied to explore the relationships between factors. It was determined that the lower zone is nuanced by the presence of Solanaceae, which are important for human food. In the middle zone, there is a high diversity, with the Ericaceae and Caprifoliaceae families standing out, while in the upper zone, the Ericaceae and Gentianaceae families are accentuated. The PCA reveals that strata 2 and 3 share family taxa, while stratum 1 shows differences. Altitude and precipitation directly influence the distribution of species in each stratum; the Asteraceae family is dominant in the canton for its contribution to the principal components.
The Impact of Carbon Information Disclosure Quality on Enterprise Value: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies
Authors: Huang Li , Ji Xiaoyu , Niu Tingting , Ou Wanting
Published: January 2025

In the context of increasing carbon emissions and strengthening regulatory measures, an increasing number of stakeholders are paying more attention to corporate carbon information. To further explore the relationship between the quality of carbon information disclosure and enterprise value, this study uses a sample of companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2013 to 2021. The aim is to investigate the link between the quality of carbon information disclosure and enterprise value, while also analyzing the role of green innovation in this relationship. The empirical results show that the quality of carbon information disclosure can significantly enhance enterprise value, with green innovation playing a mediating role in this effect. After robustness checks, including replacing the measurement variables and addressing endogeneity issues, the conclusions remain valid. Further analysis reveals that the effect of carbon information disclosure quality on enhancing enterprise value is more pronounced in non-high-pollution industries, non-state-owned enterprises, and firms located in eastern regions. This study provides valuable insights for future policy optimization related to carbon information disclosure and the promotion of low-carbon development in enterprises.
Structural Dimensions and Model Construction of Platform Enterprises’ Digital Responsibility: A Grounded Study Based on Organizational Identity Theory
Authors: Wang Xiao-Su , Huang Hui-Dan
Published: January 2025

With the development of new, high-quality productive forces, platform enterprises (PEs) are beginning to play a crucial role in shaping economic patterns, ecological environments, and social structures. These enterprises have significant social responsibilities when handling issues such as algorithmic discrimination, user data breaches, and market monopolies. Herein, we adopt the grounded theory method, selecting three unique types of PEs as research subjects. Through in-depth interviews with stakeholders and a three-level coding analysis, we build a “triple” responsibility model of PEs’ digital responsibility (DR). This model is based on the PEs’ triple organizational identity and is framed by three dimensions: product responsibility, technological responsibility, and application responsibility. The model also summarizes three dimensions and contents of responsibility: digital self-regulation, the digital regulation of others, and digital foresight. The concept of PEs’ DR is clarified and the structure and dimensions of PEs’ DR are delineated. This study holds significant theoretical and practical value for perfecting the social responsibility system in the platform economy. The triple DR model fills the research gap on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate DR and overcomes the limitations of the traditional CSR paradigm, providing a theoretical foundation for PEs’ sustainable development in the digital era.
Particle Size-Dependent Monthly Variation of Pollution Load, Ecological Risk, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Road Dust in Beijing, China
Authors: Men Cong , Li Donghui , Jing Yunqi , Xiong Ke , Liu Jiayao , Cheng Shikun , Li Zifu
Published: January 2025

Road dust carries various contaminants and causes urban non-point source pollution in waterbodies through runoff. Road dust samples were collected in each month in two years and then sieved into five particle size fractions. The concentrations of ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe) in each fraction were measured. The particle size fraction load index, coefficient of divergence, and Nemerow integrated risk index were used to analyze the temporal variation of pollution load and ecological risk in different particle size fractions. The advanced three-way model and wavelet analysis were used in quantitative identification and time-series analysis of sources. Results showed that both the pollution load and ecological risk of most heavy metals showed a decreasing trend from the finest fraction (P1) to the coarsest fraction (P5). The frequency of heavy metals in P1 posing extreme risk was about two times that of P5. Main types of heavy metal sources were similar among different fractions, whereas the impact intensity of these sources varied among different fractions. Traffic exhaust tended to accumulate in finer particles, and its contribution to Cu in P5 was only 35–55% of that in other fractions. Construction contributed more to coarser particles, and its contribution to Pb was increased from 45.34% in P1 to 65.35% in P5. Wavelet analysis indicated that traffic exhaust showed periodicities of 5–8 and 10–13 months. Fuel combustion displayed the strongest periodicity of 12–15 months, peaking in winter.
Safety and Immunogenicity of the Tetravalent Recombinant COVID-19 Protein Vaccine SCTV01E in Children and Adolescents Aged 3 to 17 Years: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhu Fengcai , Huang Ting , Jin Pengfei , Zhang Linglin , Jin Zhongqiang , Zhang Wenli , Yuan Dongya , Wang Zhong , Deng Yusong , Li Jiaxin , Shen Xiao , Fu Yongpan , Li Jian , Yang Xinjie , Li Jing , Xie Liangzhi
Published: January 2025

Background: SCTV01E is a tetravalent recombinant COVID-19 vaccine authorized for emergency use in China for adults 18 years and older but not for those under 18. Objective: This Phase 2 trial assessed the safety and immunogenicity of SCTV01E in healthy children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years, to establish immunobridging with that observed in adults from the efficacy pivotal trial (NCT05308576). Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 30 µg of SCTV01E or a placebo. Primary endpoints were safety and immunogenicity focused on the geometric mean titer (GMT) and seroresponse rate (SRR) of neutralizing antibodies (nAb) against Omicron BA.5. Results: In total, 268 participants (214 SCTV01E vs. 54 placebo) were included in the safety analysis, with 241 participants (191 vs. 50) in the immunogenicity analysis. Overall, 127 (59.3%) participants receiving SCTV01E and 9 (16.7%) receiving a placebo reported adverse events (AEs), most of which were Grade 1 or 2. No serious adverse events (SAEs) or adverse events of special interest (AESIs) were reported. In the immunogenicity bridging analysis, data from 95 youths were compared with data from 188 adults; the geometric mean ratio (GMR) of the titers was 8.78 (95% CI: 6.05–12.74, p < 0.001), with the lower bound of the 95% CI exceeding 0.67. The difference in the SRR was 6.34% (95% CI: 0.93–11.22%) (p = 0.029), and the lower bound of the 95%CI was >−5%, indicating superiority. Conclusions: SCTV01E was found to be safe and well tolerated in children and adolescents, generating a robust immune response against Omicron BA.5. This supports its potential use in younger populations.
Biosensor Technology: Advances and Applications in Livestock Infectious Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Zhang Lu , Wang Aihua , Zhou Dong
Published: January 2025

Biosensors have revolutionized the diagnosis of infectious diseases in livestock by offering sensitive and rapid detection methods for important pathogens. These devices, particularly luciferase-based biosensors, convert biological responses into quantifiable signals, enabling the real-time, non-invasive monitoring of critical biomarkers. This review explores the development and advantages of biosensors, focusing on their applications in detecting important livestock pathogens, including bacteria, parasites, and viruses. By comparing biosensors with traditional diagnostic methods, the review highlights their superior sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing obstetric infections. Furthermore, it discusses the broader utility of biosensors in monitoring gene expression, protein localization, and cellular events. Together, biosensors provide new tools for the timely diagnosis of infectious diseases in livestock and are critical to improving livestock health.
Glycerol Monolaurate Complex Improved Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota Composition of Offspring in a Sow–Piglet Model
Authors: Li Dan , Yang Min , Ma Zhao , Che Lianqiang , Feng Bin , Fang Zhengfeng , Xu Shengyu , Zhuo Yong , Li Jian , Wang JiHhua , Zhang Zhengfan , Wu Zehui , Lin Tao , Wu De , Lin Yan
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal glycerol monolaurate complex (GML) and antibiotic (acetylisovaleryltylosin tartrate, ATLL) supplementation during late gestation and lactation on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of piglets. In total, 64 pregnant sows were randomly divided into control, antibiotic, 0.1% GML, and 0.2% GML groups. The GML shortened their delivery interval and farrowing duration. The ATLL increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in sows and piglets and enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in piglets, while reducing the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level in sows. The GML tended to increase milk protein in the colostrum and decreased the TNF-α of sows at lactation. Meanwhile, 0.2% GML increased the serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and interleukin-6 level in weaned piglets and decreased the TNF-α level in sows and weaned piglets. Furthermore, ATLL decreased the microbial diversity of sows, and GML tended to increase the microbial diversity of sows and piglets. The ATLL group had an increased relative abundance of Bacteroidota in weaned piglets. The GML decreased the relative abundance of Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales, Proteobacteria, and the harmful bacteria Romboutsia in sows. Compared with the ATLL group, the 0.2% GML reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidota in weaned piglets. Interestingly, both ATLL and GML supplementation decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria Peptostreptococcaceae in sows. Correlation analysis also found positive effects of ATLL and GML in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant aspects. In conclusion, GML enhanced reproductive and growth performance by improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status and maintaining intestinal flora balance, making it a promising alternative to ATLL in future applications.
Percepción de expertos en derecho penal del procedimiento directo sobre los derechos del procesado
Authors: Rodríguez Chávez Geovanny Fabricio
Published: January 2025

El Procedimiento Directo es un mecanismo especial en el derecho penal ecuatoriano que tiene la capacidad para agilizar el proceso judicial. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar las consecuencias de la aplicación del procedimiento directo sobre los derechos del procesado en Ecuador. Se utilizó un diseño no experimental tipo descriptivo, con una muestra de 18 expertos en derecho penal a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los expertos opinan que el procedimiento directo no garantiza adecuadamente el derecho a la defensa, debido a las características propias de este procedimiento donde todo el trámite se realiza en una sola audiencia y que la persona procesada tiene poco tiempo para preparar su defensa. En conclusión, la aplicación del procedimiento directo indica la necesidad de reformas, especialmente en lo que respecta al tiempo limitado que tiene la persona procesada para preparar su defensa.
Desviación de poder: la limitante al umbral del olvido
Authors: Cano Garcia Bryan
Published: January 2025

La desviación de poder en una institución del derecho que se encuentra casi desaparecida en el Ecuador. El objetivo dilucidar la desviación de poder como una limitante al umbral del olvido en el contexto ecuatoriano, con diseño de documental hermenéutico. Se seleccionó una muestra de documentos relevantes, como el Código Orgánico Administrativo, la Constitución de la República del Ecuador, jurisprudencia y doctrina. Para el análisis de los documentos se realizó la técnica de análisis de contenido, para identificar categorías y subcategorías relacionadas con la desviación del poder. Los hallazgos muestran que, a pesar de la claridad conceptual y la existencia de los marcos normativos, la detección y sanción de la desviación del poder en Ecuador está presentando desafíos. Se concluye que, la desviación de poder a nivel nacional cuenta con poco desarrollo jurisprudencial. La razón es la falta de inserción expresa en el ordenamiento legal vigente, lo que dificulta que al momento tomar una decisión, efectivamente se mencione que es por el vicio de desviación de poder.
Aproximación histórico- crítica a los sistemas procesales penales a través del principio del juez imparcial
Authors: Arroyo Briones Luisa Nikole , López Ordóñez Miguel Ángel , Artiles Santana Javier Antonio
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo aborda la evolución y características de los sistemas procesales penales, centrándose en los modelos inquisitivo, acusatorio, mixto y adversarial. El objetivo de comprender la aproximación histórico- crítica a los sistemas procesales penales a través del principio del juez imparcial. El enfoque cualitativo, de tipo histórico-crítica, paradigma interpretativo, hermenéutico. La técnica e instrumentos para recoger información fue de revisión de fuentes históricas, documentos legales y jurisprudencia. Los resultados, respaldan la argumentación crítica en contra del sistema inquisitivo, considerándolo una serie de ataques a la dignidad humana y la libertad. En conclusión, la evolución de los sistemas procesales penales refleja una búsqueda por equilibrar la eficiencia y la justicia. A lo largo de la historia, los modelos se han combinado, dando lugar a sistemas mixtos. Esta evolución es crucial para diseñar sistemas que garanticen tanto la protección de los derechos individuales como la eficacia en la resolución de conflictos.
El derecho a la intimidad en el entorno laboral, desafíos en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano
Authors: Alvarado Aguirre Nelson Andres , Solórzano Ordoñez Juan Javier , Martínez Pérez Odette
Published: January 2025

El derecho a la intimidad constituye un aspecto fundamental de la personalidad individual, protegido por la Constitución de la República del Ecuador. En el ámbito laboral, este derecho enfrenta desafíos constantes debido a la vigilancia empresarial, lo que genera tensiones entre el control laboral y el respeto a la privacidad de los trabajadores. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el reconocimiento del derecho a la intimidad en el entorno laboral dentro del ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano, identificando sus límites y desafíos. Se utilizó un enfoque documental, analizando normativas, doctrina y jurisprudencia nacionales e internacionales. Los hallazgos evidencian que, aunque existen disposiciones legales que protegen este derecho, su aplicación práctica presenta vacíos y contradicciones. Las conclusiones destacan la importancia de establecer límites claros a la vigilancia empresarial, fomentar el consentimiento informado y garantizar el cumplimiento normativo, promoviendo un equilibrio entre la productividad empresarial y la dignidad laboral.
Influence of milk packaging on consumer behavior in the municipality of Rio Branco – AC
Authors: Junior Jalceyr Pessoa Figueiredo , Oliveira Igor Macieira de , Santana Marcelo Helder Medeiros , Morais Sérgio Antônio de Normando , Costa Tatiana Gouveia Pinto , Filho Jaime Miguel de Araújo , Pinheiro Sarah Gomes , Souza Rafael Barbosa de
Published: January 2025

The importance of packaging for the consumer products industry is vital and irreplaceable, mainly because it plays the role of representing the product it contains and, thus, packaging and product end up merging into a single concept. The objective of this research was to analyze the influence of milk packaging on consumer behavior in the city of Rio Branco - Acre. For this characterization, an online questionnaire was applied, containing twelve multiple-choice questions, which was prepared through the Google Docs program. A total of 98 people answered the questionnaire, and the data were then statistically analyzed through the application of descriptive statistics, obtaining the absolute and relative frequencies for each question. Among consumers, the most consumed form of milk is liquid, with a preference for storage in cartons (UHT), being motivated, especially, by factors such as habit and taste. When choosing dairy products, consumers in Rio Branco prefer products from the local industry, which can generate motivation and confidence for the application of new investments that result in greater product diversification and professionalization of the milk production chain.