bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUSTAINABLE MULTIFAMILY KITCHEN DESIGN: A STUDENT ELICITATION APPROACH
Authors: Hopkins Erin A. , Parrott Kathleen R. , Beamish Julia O.
Published: June 2018

This case study focuses on the sustainable design of a demonstration kitchen space within a multifamily residence through a student lens. A project-based learning opportunity for undergraduate students in a senior-level kitchen and bath design studio was created to redesign a multifamily starter kitchen space into a multifamily sustainable kitchen space within the Center for Real Life Kitchen Design at Virginia Tech. Upon completion of this student project, a content analysis was employed to uncover sustainability themes within these student projects. As students are making the environment and sustainability priorities in their shopping choices, uncovering student themes regarding multifamily sustainability kitchen design criteria can uncover trends important to this millennial generation (The Nielsen Company, 2015; Timm, 2014). Furthermore, as demand for sustainability increases, comparing student themes to multifamily industry sustainability certification systems may unearth potential gaps in the industry which need to be addressed. Although there are several sustainability certification agencies that apply to multifamily in general, there is no one specific source for sustainability guidelines for kitchens, much less in multifamily units. This lack of guidelines and the inconsistency between existing certification programs make it confusing for consumers, developers, designers, and students to value and weigh elements of a sustainable kitchen project, especially with respect to multifamily housing.

By examining kitchens using current sustainability certification programs as well as this case study, recommendations can be put forth to shape guidelines for sustainable multifamily kitchens that are both clearly understood and sensitive to the environment. Ultimately, this could lead to sustainable kitchen design features becoming more commonplace in the multifamily resident home.
LEED-NCV3 SILVER AND GOLD CERTIFIED PROJECTS IN THE US: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Pushkar Svetlana , Verbitsky Oleg
Published: June 2018

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system has been widely used in the US. However, until now, there has been no clear understanding of the strategies that should be used to make the transition from Silver to Gold certified projects. The aim of this study was to determine the trends in certified projects for both Silver and Gold LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations (LEED-NCv3) in 2016. Three performances, including (i) certification, (ii) category/subcategory/sub-subcategory certification, and (iii) cross-certification, were evaluated for both Silver and Gold LEED-NCv3 certified projects. For an ordinal measurement scale, a two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test was used. For a ratio measurement scale, an unpaired two-tailed t-test was used. If eight or more Silver and Gold certified projects occurred in the same state, then the state was selected for statistical analysis. As a result, ten states were selected. The following was revealed: (i) low certification performances for both Silver and Gold; (ii) high category performance for Sustainable Sites and Innovation in Design and low category performance for Energy and Atmosphere for both Silver and Gold projects; and (iii) three different strategies of certified projects in transition from Silver to Gold that include (a) energy-emphasized (e.g., CA), (b) non-energy-emphasized (e.g., NY), and (c) integrated (e.g., GA) strategies. We speculate that the possible reasons for such deviations in the decision strategies were due to differences between the adopted ASHRAE 90.1 standards (ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2007 or ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2010) in each of the states.
Innate Immunity to Staphylococcus aureus: Evolving Paradigms in Soft Tissue and Invasive Infections
Authors: Brandt Stephanie L. , Putnam Nicole E. , Cassat James E. , Serezani C. Henrique
Published: June 2018

Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of diseases that together embody a significant public health burden. Aided by metabolic flexibility and a large virulence repertoire, S. aureus has the remarkable ability to hematogenously disseminate and infect various tissues, including skin, lung, heart, and bone, among others. The hallmark lesions of invasive staphylococcal infections, abscesses, simultaneously denote the powerful innate immune responses to tissue invasion as well as the ability of staphylococci to persist within these lesions. In this article, we review the innate immune responses to S. aureus during infection of skin and bone, which serve as paradigms for soft tissue and bone disease, respectively.
Cytomegalovirus: Shape-Shifting the Immune System
Authors: Picarda Gaëlle , Benedict Chris A.
Published: June 2018

Systems-based based approaches have begun to shed light on extrinsic factors that contribute to immune system variation. Among these, CMV (HHV-5, a β-herpesvirus) imposes a surprisingly profound impact. Most of the world’s population is CMV+, and the virus goes through three distinct infection phases en route to establishing lifelong détente with its host. Immune control of CMV in each phase recruits unique arms of host defense, and in turn the virus employs multiple immune-modulatory strategies that help facilitate the establishment of lifelong persistence. In this review, we explain how CMV shapes immunity and discuss the impact it may have on overall health.
Assessment of the current D-dimer cutoff point in pulmonary embolism workup at a single institution
Authors: Alhassan S , Bihler E , Patel K , Lavudi S , Young M , Balaan M
Published: June 2018

Background:

The currently used D-dimer (DD) cutoff point is associated with a large number of negative CT-pulmonary angiographies (CTPA). We hypothesized presence of deficiency in the current cutoff and a need to look for a better DD threshold.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a retrospective medical records analysis of all patients who had a CTPA as part of pulmonary embolism (PE) workup over a 1-year period. All emergency room (ER) patients who had DD assay checked prior to CTPA were included in the analysis. We assessed our institutional cutoff point and tried to test other presumptive DD thresholds retrospectively.

Results:

At our institution 1591 CTPA were performed in 2014, with 1220 scans (77%) performed in the ER. DD test was ordered prior to CTPA imaging in 238 ER patients (19.5%) as part of the PE workup. PE was diagnosed in 14 cases (6%). The sensitivity and specificity of the currently used DD cutoff (0.5 mcg/mL) were found to be 100% and 13%, respectively. Shifting the cutoff value from 0.5 to 0.85 mcg/mL would result in a significant increase in the specificity from 13% to 51% while maintaining the same sensitivity of 100%. This would make theoretically 84 CTPA scans, corresponding to 35% of CTPA imaging, unnecessary because DD would be considered negative based on this presumptive threshold.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest a significant deficiency in the institutional DD cutoff point with the need to find a better threshold through a large multicenter prospective trial to minimize unnecessary CTPA scans and to improve patient safety.
Flowing to the continuum limit in tensor models for quantum gravity
Authors: Eichhorn Astrid , Koslowski Tim
Published: June 2018

Tensor models provide a way to access the path-integral for discretized quantum gravity in

d

dimensions. As in the case of matrix models for 2-dimensional quantum gravity, the continuum limit can be related to a Renormalization Group fixed point in a setup where the tensor size

N

serves as the Renormalization Group scale. We develop functional Renormalization Group tools for tensor models with a main focus on a rank-3 model for 3-dimensional quantum gravity. We rediscover the double-scaling limit and provide an estimate for the scaling exponent. Moreover, we identify two additional fixed points with a second relevant direction in a truncation of the Renormalization Group flow. The new relevant direction might hint at the presence of additional degrees of freedom in the corresponding continuum limit.
Belief propagation on replica symmetric random factor graph models
Authors: Coja-Oghlan Amin , Perkins Will
Published: June 2018

According to physics predictions, the free energy of random factor graph models that satisfy a certain “static replica symmetry” condition can be calculated via the Belief Propagation message passing scheme [Krzakala et al., PNAS 2007]. Here we prove this conjecture for two general classes of random factor graph models, namely Poisson random factor graphs and random regular factor graphs. Specifically, we show that the messages constructed just as in the case of acyclic factor graphs asymptotically satisfy the Belief Propagation equations and that the free energy density is given by the Bethe free energy formula.
A symmetry breaking transition in the edge/triangle network model
Authors: Radin Charles , Ren Kui , Sadun Lorenzo
Published: June 2018

Our general subject is the emergence of phases, and phase transitions, in large networks subjected to a few variable constraints. Our main result is the analysis, in the model using edge and triangle subdensities for constraints, of a sharp transition between two phases with different symmetries, analogous to the transition between a fluid and a crystalline solid.
Phases in large combinatorial systems
Authors: Radin Charles
Published: June 2018

This is a status report on a companion subject to extremal combinatorics, obtained by replacing extremality properties with emergent structure, ‘phases’. We discuss phases, and phase transitions, in large graphs and large permutations, motivating and using the asymptotic formalisms of graphons for graphs and permutons for permutations. Phase structure is shown to emerge using entropy and large deviation techniques.
Proper affine actions in non-swinging representations
Authors: Smilga Ilia
Published: June 2018

For a semisimple real Lie group

G

with an irreducible representation

\rho

on a finite-dimensional real vector space

V

, we give a sufficient criterion on

\rho

for existence of a group of affine transformations of

V

whose linear part is Zariski-dense in

\rho(G)

and that is free, nonabelian and acts properly discontinuously on

V

.
Quasi-automorphisms of the infinite rooted 2-edge-coloured binary tree
Authors: Nucinkis Brita E. A. , St. John-Green Simon
Published: June 2018

We study the group

QV

, the self-maps of the infinite

2

-edge coloured binary tree which preserve the edge and colour relations at cofinitely many locations. We introduce related groups

QF

,

QT

,

\widetilde{Q}T

, and

\widetilde{Q}V

, prove that

QF

,

\widetilde{Q}T

, and

\widetilde{Q}V

are of type

\mathrm F_\infty

, and calculate finite presentations for them. We calculate the normal subgroup structure of all

5

groups, the Bieri–Neumann–Strebel–Renz invariants of

QF

, and discuss the relationship of all

5

groups with other generalisations of Thompson's groups.
A dense geodesic ray in the Out$(F_r)$-quotient of reduced Outer Space
Authors: Algom-Kfir Yael , Pfaff Catherine
Published: June 2018

In [16] Masur proved the existence of a dense geodesic in the moduli space for a surface. We prove an analogue theorem for reduced Outer Space endowed with the Lipschitz metric. We also prove two results possibly of independent interest: we show Brun's unordered algorithm weakly converges and from this prove that the set of Perron–Frobenius eigenvectors of positive integer

m \times m

matrices is dense in the positive cone

\mathbb R^m_+

(these matrices will in fact be the transition matrices of positive automorphisms). We give a proof in the appendix that not every point in the boundary of Outer Space is the limit of a flow line.
Metric topological groups: their metric approximation and metric ultraproducts
Authors: Doucha Michal
Published: June 2018

We define a metric ultraproduct of topological groups with left-invariant metric, and show that there is a countable sequence of finite groups with left-invariant metric whose metric ultraproduct contains isometrically as a subgroup every separable topological group with left-invariant metric.

In particular, there is a countable sequence of finite groups with left-invariant metric such that every finite subset of an arbitrary topological group with left-invariant metric may be approximated by all but finitely many of them.

We compare our results with related concepts such as sofic groups, hyperlinear groups and weakly sofic groups.
Fundamental groups of aspherical manifolds and maps of non-zero degree
Authors: Neofytidis Christoforos
Published: June 2018

We define a new class of irreducible groups, called
groups not infinite-indexpresentable by products
or
not IIPP
. We prove that certain aspherical manifolds with fundamental groups not IIPP do not admit maps of non-zero degree from direct products. This extends previous results of Kotschick and Löh, providing new classes of aspherical manifolds – beyond those non-positively curved ones which were predicted by Gromov – that do not admit maps of non-zero degree from direct products.

A sample application is that an aspherical geometric 4-manifold admits a map of non-zero degree from a direct product if and only if it is a virtual product itself. This completes a characterization of the product geometries due to Hillman. Along the way we prove that for certain groups the property IIPP is a criterion for reducibility. This especially implies the vanishing of the simplicial volume of the corresponding aspherical manifolds. It is shown that aspherical manifolds with reducible fundamental groups do always admit maps of non-zero degree from direct products.
Classifying virtually special tubular groups
Authors: Woodhouse Daniel J.
Published: June 2018

A group is tubular if it acts on a tree with

\mathbb{Z}^2

vertex stabilizers and

\mathbb{Z}

edge stabilizers. We prove that a tubular group is virtually special if and only if it acts freely on a locally finite CAT(0) cube complex. Furthermore, we prove that if a tubular group acts freely on a finite dimensional CAT(0) cube complex, then it virtually acts freely on a three dimensional CAT(0) cube complex.
Spaces of invariant circular orders of groups
Authors: Baik Hyungryul , Samperton Eric
Published: June 2018

Motivated by well known results in low-dimensional topology, we introduce and study a topology on the set CO

(G)

of all left-invariant circular orders on a fixed countable and discrete group

G

. CO

(G)

contains as a closed subspace LO

(G)

, the space of all left-invariant linear orders of

G

, as first topologized by Sikora. We use the compactness of these spaces to show the sets of non-linearly and non-circularly orderable finitely presented groups are recursively enumerable. We describe the action of Aut

(G)

on CO

(G)

and relate it to results of Koberda regarding the action on LO

(G)

. We then study two families of circularly orderable groups: finitely generated abelian groups, and free products of circularly orderable groups. For finitely generated abelian groups

A

, we use a classification of elements of CO

(A)

to describe the homeomorphism type of the space CO

(A)

, and to show that Aut

(A)

acts faithfully on the subspace of circular orders which are not linear. We define and characterize Archimedean circular orders, in analogy with linear Archimedean orders. We describe explicit examples of circular orders on free products of circularly orderable groups, and prove a result about the abundance of orders on free products. Whenever possible, we prove and interpret our results from a dynamical perspective.
Generators of split extensions of Abelian groups by cyclic groups
Authors: Guyot Luc
Published: June 2018

Let

G \simeq M \rtimes C

be an

n

-generator group which is a split extension of an Abelian group

M

by a cyclic group

C

. We study the Nielsen equivalence classes and T-systems of generating

n

-tuples of

G

. The subgroup

M

can be turned into a finitely generated faithful module over a suitable quotient

R

of the integral group ring of

C

. When

C

is infinite, we show that the Nielsen equivalence classes of the generating

n

-tuples of

G

correspond bijectively to the orbits of unimodular rows in

M^{n -1}

under the action of a subgroup of GL

_{n - 1}(R)

. Making no assumption on the cardinality of

C

, we exhibit a complete invariant of Nielsen equivalence in the case

M \simeq R

. As an application, we classify Nielsen equivalence classes and T-systems of soluble Baumslag–Solitar groups, split metacyclic groups and lamplighter groups.
von Neumann’s problem and extensions of non-amenable equivalence relations
Authors: Bowen Lewis , Hoff Daniel , Ioana Adrian
Published: June 2018

The goals of this paper are twofold. First, we generalize the result of Gaboriau and Lyons [17] to the setting of von Neumann's problem for equivalence relations, proving that for any non-amenable ergodic probability measure preserving (pmp) equivalence relation

\mathcal{R}

, the Bernoulli extension over a non-atomic base space

(K, \kappa)

contains the orbit equivalence relation of a free ergodic pmp action of

\mathbb{F}_2

. Moreover, we provide conditions which imply that this holds for any non-trivial probability space

K

. Second, we use this result to prove that any non-amenable unimodular locally compact second countable group admits uncountably many free ergodic pmp actions which are pairwise not von Neumann equivalent (hence, pairwise not orbit equivalent).
Sharp bound on the number of maximal sum-free subsets of integers
Authors: Balogh József , Liu Hong , Sharifzadeh Maryam , Treglown Andrew
Published: June 2018

Cameron and Erdős [6] asked whether the number of
maximal
sum-free sets in

\{1, \dots , n\}

is much smaller than the number of sum-free sets. In the same paper they gave a lower bound of

2^{\lfloor n/4 \rfloor }

for the number of maximal sum-free sets. Here, we prove the following: For each

1\leq i \leq 4

, there is a constant

C_i

such that, given any

n\equiv i \mod 4

,

\{1, \dots , n\}

contains

(C_i+o(1)) 2^{n/4}

maximal sum-free sets. Our proof makes use of container and removal lemmas of Green [11, 12], a structural result of Deshouillers, Freiman, Sós and Temkin [7] and a recent bound on the number of subsets of integers with small sumset by Green and Morris [13]. We also discuss related results and open problems on the number of maximal sum-free subsets of abelian groups.
Sobolev algebra counterexamples
Authors: Coulhon Thierry , Rogers Luke G.
Published: June 2018

In the Euclidean setting the Sobolev spaces

W^{\alpha,p}\cap L^\infty

are algebras for the pointwise product when

\alpha > 0

and

p\in(1,\infty)

. This property has recently been extended to a variety of geometric settings. We produce a class of fractal examples where it fails for a wide range of the indices

\alpha,p

.
Acercar nuestras bibliotecas a los ciudadanos. El programa de visitas de la Biblioteca Valenciana
Authors: Muñoz Feliu Miguel C.
Published: June 2018

Muchas instituciones culturales carecen de una política activa para dar a conocer a la ciudadanía sus colecciones, productos y servicios. No es ese el caso de la Biblioteca Valenciana Nicolau Primitiu que en los últimos años ha ofertado una amplia gama de visitas guiadas (culturales, especializadas, teatralizadas, virtuales) para mostrar tanto la biblioteca como el Monasterio de San Miguel de los Reyes, edificio declarado BIC en 2008 pero situado en una zona periférica y degradada de la ciudad de Valencia. En el estudio se analizan este tipo de visitas, los resultados alcanzados hasta ahora y las posibles mejoras a incluir.
Instrumentos de la educación artística para la transmisión del conocimiento científico y apropiación de la identidad: caso Monte Verde, Chile.
Authors: Ili Raimilla Liliana Gabriela
Published: June 2018

El presente documento tiene por objetivo dar a conocer el resultado de la aplicación de instrumentos de la educación artística como contribución en la educación de la investigación científica del sitio arqueológico Monte Verde en Chile, en la comunidad rural que lo alberga, además del fortalecimiento de su identidad relacionada al hallazgo. Estas técnicas han estimulado la asociatividad, el aprendizaje práctico e identificación de los habitantes con el territorio.

La metodología se construye desde elementos culturales que propiciaron un aprendizaje práctico, desconocido e interesante para una comunidad aislada y anónima. Se establece un equipo multidisciplinar de profesionales de la Universidad Austral de Chile, quienes logran educar los contenidos del hallazgo a través de estas técnicas, en favor de fortalecer un vínculo con los elementos patrimoniales del territorio. 

 
Influencia del capital social en los procesos de innovación agrícola
Authors: Oble Vergara Evelia , Almaguer Vargas Gustavo , González Aguirre Rosa Luz , Ocampo Ledesma Jorge G.
Published: June 2018

En este trabajo se analiza el acceso a redes sociales y la confianza como parte del capital social (CS) de productores de naranja del estado de Veracruz, México, y por medio de pruebas estadísticas y un modelo econométrico se identifica la influencia del CS en la adopción de innovaciones. Los resultados demuestran que el acceso a redes sociales y nivel de confianza están relacionados con mayor adopción de innovaciones, principalmente las de tipo organizacional. El valor de esta investigación radica en la elaboración del Índice de Confianza Social, de utilidad para futuras investigaciones. En este trabajo no se muestra la densidad y entre que actores acontecen las interacciones en las redes sociales analizadas. Se concluye que el CS actual de los citricultores es valioso, pero aún no está consolidado, por lo que las estrategias de política pública deberán considerar fortalecerlo para que la innovación tenga mayor posibilidad de adopción.
Antropología jurídica y espacio urbano en el Valle de México
Authors: Rivera Espinosa Ramón
Published: June 2018

En las ciudades habita un número importante de miembros de los pueblos indios. Y en ellas se mantienen expresiones de vivencias jurídicas de las comunidades, las que se confrontan con el derecho público. Estas vivencias hacen que persista la tradición, la identidad cultural y el contacto con la comunidad de origen; en una coyuntura de reivindicación, negación y confrontación, en la vivencia cotidiana de la ciudad capital.
Quantification of the enhanced effectiveness of NOx control from simultaneous reductions of VOC and NH3 for reducing air pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China
Authors: Xing Jia , Ding Dian , Wang Shuxiao , Zhao Bin , Jang Carey , Wu Wenjing , Zhang Fenfen , Zhu Yun , Hao Jiming
Published: June 2018

Abstract. As one common precursor for both PM2.5 and O3 pollution,
NOx gains great attention because its controls can be beneficial for
reducing both PM2.5 and O3. However, the effectiveness of
NOx controls for reducing PM2.5 and O3 are largely
influenced by the ambient levels of NH3 and VOC, exhibiting strong
nonlinearities characterized as NH3-limited/NH3-poor and
NOx-/VOC-limited conditions, respectively. Quantification of such
nonlinearities is a prerequisite for making suitable policy decisions but
limitations of existing methods were recognized. In this study, a new method
was developed by fitting multiple simulations of a chemical transport model
(i.e., Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, CMAQ) with a set
of polynomial functions (denoted as “pf-RSM”) to quantify responses of
ambient PM2.5 and O3 concentrations to changes in precursor
emissions. The accuracy of the pf-RSM is carefully examined to meet the
criteria of a mean normalized error within 2 % and a maximal normalized
error within 10 % by using 40 training samples with marginal
processing. An advantage of the pf-RSM method is that the nonlinearity in
PM2.5 and O3 responses to precursor emission changes can be
characterized by quantitative indicators, including (1) a peak ratio (denoted
as PR) representing VOC-limited or NOx-limited conditions, (2) a suggested
ratio of VOC reduction to NOx reduction to avoid increasing O3 under
VOC-limited conditions, (3) a flex ratio (denoted as FR) representing
NH3-poor or NH3-rich conditions, and (4) enhanced benefits in
PM2.5 reductions from simultaneous reduction of NH3 with
the same reduction rate of NOx. A case study in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei
region suggested that most urban areas present strong VOC-limited conditions
with a PR from 0.4 to 0.8 in July, implying that the NOx emission
reduction rate needs to be greater than 20–60 % to pass the transition from
VOC-limited to NOx-limited conditions. A simultaneous VOC control (the ratio of VOC
reduction to NOx reduction is about 0.5–1.2) can avoid increasing
O3 during the transition. For PM2.5, most urban areas
present strong NH3-rich conditions with a PR from 0.75 to 0.95, implying
that NH3 is sufficiently abundant to neutralize extra nitric acid
produced by an additional 5–35 % of NOx emissions. Enhanced
benefits in PM2.5 reductions from simultaneous reduction of
NH3 were estimated to be 0.04–0.15 µg m−3
PM2.5 per 1 % reduction of NH3 along with NOx,
with greater benefits in July when the NH3-rich conditions are not as
strong as in January. Thus, the newly developed pf-RSM model has successfully
quantified the enhanced effectiveness of NOx control, and simultaneous
reduction of VOC and NH3 with NOx can assure the control
effectiveness of PM2.5 and O3.
Radiative absorption enhancement of dust mixed with anthropogenic pollution over East Asia
Authors: Tian Pengfei , Zhang Lei , Ma Jianmin , Tang Kai , Xu Lili , Wang Yuan , Cao Xianjie , Liang Jiening , Ji Yuemeng , Jiang Jonathan H. , Yung Yuk L. , Zhang Renyi
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The particle mixing state plays a significant yet poorly quantified role in
aerosol radiative forcing, especially for the mixing of dust (mineral
absorbing) and anthropogenic pollution (black carbon absorbing) over East
Asia. We have investigated the absorption enhancement of mixed-type aerosols
over East Asia by using the Aerosol Robotic Network observations and
radiative transfer model calculations. The mixed-type aerosols exhibit
significantly enhanced absorbing ability than the corresponding unmixed dust
and anthropogenic aerosols, as revealed in the spectral behavior of absorbing
aerosol optical depth, single scattering albedo, and imaginary refractive
index. The aerosol radiative efficiencies for the dust, mixed-type, and
anthropogenic aerosols are −101.0, −112.9, and −98.3 Wm-2τ-1
at the bottom of the atmosphere (BOA); −42.3, −22.5, and
−39.8 Wm-2τ-1 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA); and 58.7,
90.3, and 58.5 Wm-2τ-1 in the atmosphere (ATM), respectively. The
BOA cooling and ATM heating efficiencies of the mixed-type aerosols are
significantly higher than those of the unmixed aerosol types over the East
Asia region, resulting in atmospheric stabilization. In addition, the
mixed-type aerosols correspond to a lower TOA cooling efficiency, indicating
that the cooling effect by the corresponding individual aerosol components is
partially counteracted. We conclude that the interaction between dust and
anthropogenic pollution not only represents a viable aerosol formation
pathway but also results in unfavorable dispersion conditions, both
exacerbating the regional air pollution in East Asia. Our results highlight
the necessity to accurately account for the mixing state of aerosols in
atmospheric models over East Asia in order to better understand the
formation mechanism for regional air pollution and to assess its impacts on
human health, weather, and climate.
Apportioning aerosol natural and anthropogenic sources thorough simultaneous aerosol size distributions and chemical composition in the European high Arctic
Authors: Dall'Osto Manuel , Beddows David C. S. , Tunved Peter , Harrison Roy M. , Lupi Angelo , Vitale Vito , Becagli Silvia , Traversi Rita , Park Ki-Tae , Yoon Young Jun , Massling Andres , Skov Henrik , Strom Johan , Krejci Radovan
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Understanding aerosol size distributions is crucial to our ability to predict aerosol number concentrations. When of favourable size and composition, both long range transported particles as well as locally formed ones may serve as Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN); small changes may have a large impact on the low CCN concentrations currently characteristic of the Arctic environment. Here, we present a cluster analysis of particle size distributions (PSD, size range 8–500 nm) simultaneously collected from three high Arctic sites across Europe during a three year period (2013–2015). Two sites are located in the Svalbard archipelago: Zeppelin research station (474 m above ground), and the nearby Gruvebadet Observatory (about 2 km distance from Zepplelin, 67 m above ground). The third site (Villum Research Station – Station Nord, 30 m above ground) is 600 km to the west-northwest of Zeppelin, at the tip of north-eastern Greenland. An inter-site comparison exercise is carried out for the first time including the Gruvebadet site. K-means analysis provided eight specific aerosol categories, further combined into broad PSD with similar characteristics, namely: pristine low concentrations (12–14 %), new particle formation (16–32 %), Aitken (21–35 %) and accumulation (20–50 %). Confined for longer time periods by consolidated pack sea ice regions, the Greenland site shows PSD with lower ultrafine mode aerosol concentrations during summer, but higher accumulation mode aerosol concentrations during winter relative to the Svalbard sites. By association with chemical composition and Cloud Condensation Nuclei properties, further conclusions can be derived. Three distinct types of accumulation mode aerosol are observed during winter months, associated with sea spray (largest detectable sizes), Arctic haze (main mode at 150 nm) and aged accumulation mode (main mode at 220 nm) aerosols. In contrast, locally produced and most likely of marine biogenic origin particles exhibit size distributions dominated by the nucleation and Atiken mode aerosol during summer months. The obtained data and analysis set now the stage for future studies; including apportioning the relative contribution of primary and secondary aerosol formation processes to the aerosol size distribution in high Arctic, and elucidating anthropogenic aerosol dynamics, transport and removal processes across the Greenland sea. In a region of enormous importance for future climate on Earth, it is imperative to continue strengthening international scientific cooperation, in order to address important research questions on scales beyond singular station or measurement events.
Turbulent Processes in the Earth's Magnetotail: Spectral and Statistical Research
Authors: Kozak Liudmyla , Petrenko Bohdan , Lui Anthony T. Y. , Kronberg Elena , Grigorenko Elena , Prokhorenkov Andrew
Published: June 2018

Abstract. We use the ferroprobe measurements from four spacecraft of Cluster-2 mission (3 events from 2005 to 2015) for the analysis of turbulent processes in the Earth's magnetotail. For this study we conduct the spectral, wavelet and statistical analysis. In the framework of statistical examination, we determine the kurtosis for selected events and conduct extended self-similarity evaluation (analysis of distribution function moments of magnetic field fluctuations on different scales). We compare high order structure function of magnetic fluctuations during dipolarization with isotropic Kolmogorov and three-dimensional log-Poisson model with She-Leveque parameters. We obtain power law scaling of the generalized diffusion coefficient (the power index that varies within the range of 0.2–0.7). The obtained results show the presence of super-diffusion processes. We find the significant difference of the spectral indices for the intervals before and during the dipolarization. Before dipolarization the spectral index lies in the range from −1.68 ± 0.05 to −2.08 ± 0.05 (~ 5/3 according to the Kolmogorov model). During dipolarization the type of turbulent motion changes: on large time-scales the turbulent flow is close to the homogeneous models of Kolmogorov and Iroshnikov-Kraichnan (the spectral index lies in the range −2.20/−1.53, and at smaller time scales the spectral index is −2.89/−2.35 (the Hall-MHD model). The kink frequency is less or close to the average value of the proton gyrofrequency. The wavelet analysis shows the presence of both direct and inverse cascade processes, which indicates the possibility of self-organization processes, as well as the presence of Pc pulsations.
Future hot-spots for hydro-hazards in Great Britain: a probabilistic
assessment
Authors: Collet Lila , Harrigan Shaun , Prudhomme Christel , Formetta Giuseppe , Beevers Lindsay
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Hydrological extremes, floods and droughts, cause significant economic damages and pose risks to lives worldwide. In an increasing hydro-climatic risk context as a result of climate change, this work identifies future hot-spots across Great Britain expected to be impacted by an increase in both floods and droughts. First, flood and drought hazards were defined and selected in a consistent and parallel approach with a threshold method. Then, a nation-wide systematic and robust statistical framework was developed to quantify changes in frequency, magnitude, and duration, and assess time of year for both droughts and floods, and the uncertainty associated with climate model projections. This approach was applied to a spatially-coherent statistical database of daily river flows (Future Flows Hydrology) across Great Britain to assess changes between the baseline (1961–1990) and the 2080s (2069–2098). The results showed that hydro-hazard hot-spots are likely to develop along the west coast of England and Wales and across northeast Scotland, mainly during the winter (floods) and autumn (droughts) seasons, with a higher increase in drought hazard in terms of magnitude and duration. These results suggest a need for adapting water management policies in light of climate change impact, not only on the magnitude, but also on the timing of hydro-hazard events, and future policy should account for both extremes together, alongside their potential future evolution. This novel, consistent, method is transferable to new hydro-climatic projection databases.
Historical drought patterns over Canada and their teleconnections with large-scale climate signals
Authors: Asong Zilefac Elvis , Wheater Howard Simon , Bonsal Barrie , Razavi Saman , Kurkute Sopan
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Drought is a recurring extreme climate event and among the most
costly natural disasters in the world. This is particularly true over Canada,
where drought is both a frequent and damaging phenomenon with impacts on
regional water resources, agriculture, industry, aquatic ecosystems, and
health. However, nationwide drought assessments are currently lacking and
impacted by limited ground-based observations. This study provides a
comprehensive analysis of historical droughts over the whole of Canada,
including the role of large-scale teleconnections. Drought events are
characterized by the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index
(SPEI) over various temporal scales (1, 3, 6, and 12 consecutive months,
6 months from April to September, and 12 months from October to September)
applied to different gridded monthly data sets for the period 1950–2013.
The Mann–Kendall test, rotated empirical orthogonal function, continuous
wavelet transform, and wavelet coherence analyses are used, respectively, to
investigate the trend, spatio-temporal patterns, periodicity, and
teleconnectivity of drought events. Results indicate that southern (northern)
parts of the country experienced significant trends towards drier (wetter)
conditions although substantial variability exists. Two spatially
well-defined regions with different temporal evolution of droughts were
identified – the Canadian Prairies and northern central Canada. The analyses
also revealed the presence of a dominant periodicity of between 8 and 32 months in the Prairie region and between 8 and 40 months in the northern central
region. These cycles of low-frequency variability are found to be associated
principally with the Pacific–North American (PNA) and Multivariate El
Niño/Southern Oscillation Index (MEI) relative to other considered
large-scale climate indices. This study is the first of its kind to identify
dominant periodicities in drought variability over the whole of Canada in
terms of when the drought events occur, their duration, and how often they occur.
Consideration of various aspects in a drift study of MH370 debris
Authors: Nesterov Oleksandr
Published: June 2018

Abstract. On 7 March 2014, a Boeing 777-200ER aircraft operated by Malaysian Airlines as MH370 on the route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing abruptly ceased all communications and disappeared with 239 people aboard, leaving its fate a mystery. The subsequent analysis of so-called satellite handshakes supplemented by military radar tracking has suggested that the aircraft ended up in the southern Indian Ocean. The eventual recovery of a number of fragments washed ashore in several countries has confirmed its crash. A number of drift studies were undertaken to assist in locating the crash site, mostly focusing either on the spatial distribution of the debris washed ashore or on the efficacy of the aerial search operation. A recent biochemical analysis of the barnacles attached to the flaperon (the first fragment found in La Réunion) has indicated that their growth likely began in water of 24 °C; then the temperature dropped to 18 °C, and then it rose up again to 25 °C. An attempt was made in the present study to take into consideration all these aspects. The analysis was conducted by means of numerical screening of 40 hypothetical locations of the crash site along the so-called seventh arc. Obtained results indicate the likelihood of the crash site to be located between 25.5 and 30.5° S, with the segment from 28 to 30° S being the most promising.
West Antarctic sites for subglacial drilling to test for past ice-sheet
collapse
Authors: Spector Perry , Stone John , Pollard David , Hillebrand Trevor , Lewis Cameron , Gombiner Joel
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Mass loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is increasing, and there is concern that an incipient large-scale deglaciation of the marine basins may already be underway. Measurements of cosmogenic nuclides in subglacial bedrock surfaces have the potential to establish whether and when the marine-based portions of the WAIS deglaciated in the past. However, because most of the bedrock revealed by ice-sheet collapse would remain below sea level, shielded from the cosmic-ray flux, drill sites for subglacial sampling must be located in areas where thinning of the residual ice sheet would expose presently subglacial bedrock surfaces. In this paper we discuss the criteria and considerations for choosing drill sites where subglacial samples will provide maximum information about WAIS extent during past interglacial periods. We evaluate candidate sites in West Antarctica and find that sites located adjacent to the large marine basins of West Antarctica will be most diagnostic of past ice-sheet collapse. There are important considerations for drill-site selection on the kilometer scale that can only be assessed by field reconnaissance. As a case study of these considerations, we describe reconnaissance at sites in West Antarctica, focusing on the Pirrit Hills, where in the summer of 2016–2017, an 8 m bedrock core was retrieved from below 150 m of ice.
PARTICIPACIÓN Y PRESIDENCIALISMO EN LA CONSTITUCIÓN ECUATORIANA DEL 2008 - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v41i2.50480
Authors: Grijalva Augustín
Published: June 2018

Resumen: En el presente ensayo sugerimos algunas ideas preliminares para un balance de la participación y su relación con el presidencialismo en el nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano, con especial énfasis en el caso de Ecuador que durante la última década promulgó una de las Constituciones con mayores innovaciones en la región. Para este balance se realiza una contextualización básica del nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano y luego se analiza el desarrollo de la participación en Ecuador luego de promulgada la Constitución. Este análisis de la participación se lo relaciona con ámbitos claves como la política económica (especialmente minería, empresas públicas, formas cooperativas de economía) y la plurinacionalidad (especialmente justicia indígena y educación). Se describen y examinan críticamente casos hitos que por su importancia reflejan tendencias estructurales durante la vigencia de la Constitución ecuatoriana del 2008 hasta el presente.Abstract: In the present essay we suggest some preliminary ideas for a balance of participation and its relation to presidentialism in the new Latin American constitutionalism, with special emphasis on the case of Ecuador, which during the last decade promulgated one of the Constitutions with the greatest innovations in the region. For this balance, a basic contextualization of the new Latin American constitutionalism is made and then the development of the participation in Ecuador is analyzed after the promulgation of the Constitution. This analysis of participation is related to key areas such as economic policy (especially mining, public enterprises, cooperative forms of economy) and plurinationality (especially indigenous justice and education). For that, the cases that, due to their importance, reflect structural tendencies during the validity of the Constitution of Ecuador from 2008 to the present are described and critically examined.Resumo: No presente ensaio sugerimos algumas idéias preliminares para um balanço da participação e sua relação com o presidencialismo no novo constitucionalismo latino-americano, com especial ênfase no caso do Equador que, durante a última década, promulgou uma das Constituições com as maiores inovações na região. Para este balanço, é feita uma contextualização básica do novo constitucionalismo latino-americano e, em seguida, o desenvolvimento da participação no Equador é analisado após a promulgação da Constituição. Esta análise da participação está relacionada a áreas-chave como a política econômica (especialmente mineração, empresas públicas, formas cooperativas de economia) e a plurinacionalidade (especialmente a justiça e a educação indígenas). Para tanto, descreve-se e examina-se criticamente os casos que, devido à sua importância, refletem tendências estruturais durante a validade da Constituição do Equador a partir de 2008 até o presente.
DIMENSÕES DO PENSAMENTO JURÍDICO CRÍTICO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS NA AMÉRICA LATINA: AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE JESÚS ANTONIO DE LA TORRE RANGEL - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v41i3.50873
Authors: Fagundes Lucas Machado , Lixa Ivone Fernandes Morcilo
Published: June 2018

Resumo: O presente estudo comporta uma análise do pensamento jurídico crítico do autor mexicano Jesús Antonio De La Torre Rangel na sua contribuição para a temática dos Direitos Humanos como evolução conceitual sócio histórico fundamentada pela perspectiva filosófica da libertação latino-americana. Assim, a delimitação é embasada na concepção de juridicidade libertadora, categoria que serve de abertura para a noção jurídica totalizada – calcada na ideia positivada –. Dessa forma, objetiva-se aproximar o Direito do sentido de justo que nasce do povo na sua práxis de libertação e, por essa razão dotando-o de uma compreensão política. A problemática da pesquisa perpassa pela existência ou não de uma fundamentação latino-americana para a compreensão dos Direitos Humanos. Com isso, a hipótese que permeia o trabalho é que os Direitos Humanos devem ser resgatados na experiência e evolução conceitual encoberta pela modernidade, recuperando uma tradição ibero-latino-americana, olvidada no espaço geopolítico e epistêmico colonizado. Portanto, o estudo irá permear três dimensões no pensamento jurídico crítico dos Direitos Humanos do jurista mexicano, estabelecendo um panorama reflexivo que pretende demonstrar ao final uma proposta crítica de juridicidade libertadora.Abstract: The present study includes an analysis of the critical legal thinking of Mexican author Jesús Antonio de La Torre Rangel in his contribution to the theme of Human Rights as a socio-historical conceptual evolution based on the philosophical perspective of Latin American liberation. Thus, the delimitation is based on the conception of liberating juridicity, a category that serves as an opening for the totalized juridical notion - based on the positive idea -. In this way, the objective is to approximate the Right of the sense of the righteous that is born of the people in their praxis of liberation and, therefore, endowing it with a political understanding. The research problematic pervades the existence or not of a Latin American foundation for the understanding of Human Rights. With this, the hypothesis that permeates the work is that Human Rights must be rescued in the experience and conceptual evolution concealed by modernity, recovering an Ibero-Latin American tradition, forgotten in colonized geopolitical and epistemic space. Therefore, the study will permeate three dimensions in the critical legal thinking of the human rights of the Mexican jurist, establishing a reflective panorama that intends to demonstrate at the end a critical proposal of liberating juridicity.
DO QUILOMBO AO FÓRUM: DEMANDAS DE COMUNIDADES QUILOMBOLAS NO JUDICIÁRIO BRASILEIRO - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v41i3.50409
Authors: Martins Lemes João Vitor , Ribeiro Rodrigues Bárbara Luiza
Published: June 2018

Resumo: A conjuntura do campo no Brasil retrata uma realidade de concentração das terras nas mãos de poucos, enquanto as comunidades tradicionalmente vinculadas a esse espaço têm dificuldade de terem efetivados os seus direitos territoriais. O presente trabalho visa refletir quais são os critérios utilizados para o acesso à terra e o papel que o Estado tem, sobretudo o Judiciário, na efetivação dos direitos desses sujeitos coletivos, na perspectiva da afirmação da igualdade material. Analisar-se-á, assim, a postura do Judiciário frente as demandas relacionadas ao acesso/direito ao território das comunidades quilombolas em que sejam partes constituídas ou diretamente interessadas essas comunidades. Abstract: The situation of the field in Brazil depicts a reality of concentration of land in a few hands, while communities traditionally linked to this space have difficulty having effected their territorial rights. This paper aims to reflect what criteria for access to land and the role that the state has, especially the judiciary, the realization of the rights these collective subjects in view of the statement material equality. Analyze It will, thus, the position of the judiciary front the demands related to access/ right territorial of the Quilombo communities in which they are constituted parts or directly concerned these communities.
Life sciences
Authors: Schoenbeck Harold
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 5, 2018: 4-18