bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the Rezūm System for lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Long term results from a single centre prospective study
Authors: Totaro Angelo , Gavi Filippo , Fettucciari Daniele , Bizzarri Francesco Pio , Sanesi Domenico , Cosenza Luigi , Marino Filippo , Cretì Antonio , Russo Pierluigi , Sacco Emilio
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent urological condition leading to lower urinary tract symptoms. Minimal invasive surgical treatment (MISTs) such as Rezūm System are emerging aiming to relieve symptoms. We present results from a single centre prospective study.

Methods:

We prospectively followed patients undergoing Rezūm between 2021 and 2023 from a single centre. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), functional outcomes (maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and post-void urinary residual (PVR) and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) were assessed at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Anterograde ejaculation was assessed at 12 months follow up. Linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) for repeated measures were applied to assess differences in the IPSS, maximum flow rate (Qmax), PVR, and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) from baseline (t0) to 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Results: After adjusting for prostate volume and symptoms severity, significant differences were observed at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months for IPSS ( p < 0.001), Qmax ( p < 0.001), PVR ( p < 0.001) and IPSS-QoL ( p < 0.001) from baseline. No statistically significant changes were found in the IIEF-5 scores at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months from baseline. Anterograde ejaculation remained in 98% of patients after treatment.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, the study’s findings indicate that patients undergoing Rezūm treatment experience sustained improvements in IPSS, Qmax, PVR and IPSS-related quality of life up to 24 months following the intervention. Anterograde ejaculation remained in 98% of patients after treatment.
Impact of metabolism-related markers on outcomes in ovarian cancer patients: Findings of the MITO16A/MaNGO-OV2 trial
Authors: Indraccolo Stefano , Signoriello Simona , Piga Ilaria , Esposito Giovanni , Ferrarini Federica , Boscolo Bragadin Andrea , Salutari Vanda , Pisano Carmela , Califano Daniela , Bignotti Eliana , Tognon Germana , Simeon Vittorio , Artioli Grazia , Ferrero Annamaria , Cinieri Saverio , Bologna Alessandra , Chiodini Paolo , Scognamiglio Giosuè , Bottoni Carolina , Spina Anna , Russo Daniela , Arenare Laura , Perrone Francesco , Pignata Sandro
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In ovarian cancer, expression of metabolism-related markers has been investigated in several studies focusing on individual markers; however, a parallel quantitative evaluation of markers mapping to distinct metabolic processes and their prognostic value in large patient cohorts is still lacking.

Methods

Here, by using immunohistochemistry followed by digital pathology, we investigated the expression of several markers related to glycolysis including monocarboxylate transporter 1 and 4 (MCT1, MCT4), glutamine metabolism (glutaminase, GLS) and hypoxia/acidosis (carbonic anhydrase 9, CA IX) in tissue microarrays of > 300 patients recruited in the MITO16A clinical trial, which involved treatment of ovarian cancer patients with carboplatin/taxol plus bevacizumab.

Results

Regarding the prognostic impact of these markers, results indicate that GLS expression correlated with progression-free survival, but this effect disappeared when data were corrected for multiple testing. All other markers showed no correlation with clinical outcome.

Conclusion

These results indicate marked heterogeneity of expression of metabolism-associated markers in ovarian cancer; however, there was a lack of association with clinical benefit after chemotherapy/anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Notwithstanding the lack of prognostic value, knowledge of the pattern of expression of these biomarkers in tumors can be useful for patient stratification purposes when new drugs targeting these metabolic pathways will be tested.
The Strategic Plan of the Working Day
Authors: Hutnyk John
Published: November 2024

“The Working Day” chapter of Capital makes sense today as an illustration of collective struggle over the sale of labor power by the hour. The historical materials in the chapter are instructive if read under the tutelage of Gertrud Kugelmann, considering the advice Karl Marx offers to her on where to start. A reassessment of Marx’s writing process is possible via his various plans in letters, his comments on method, the various sources used, and evaluating the role they have in Capital volume 1. Several scholars read Marx on commodities that “speak” but may sometimes miss idioms in English translation. Reading the German text can help us when searching for theoretical and political strategies for contemporary emancipation. With implications for replies to critics of Marx on slavery, my case is that the staging in Capital offers diagnostic potential where attention to the Parliamentary Blue Books might generate new research agendas, addressing current problems of time, social reproduction, climate, and class struggle.

JEL Classification: B14
A Function of Board Diversity? Does Diversity Equip Nonprofit Performance
Authors: Evans Lindsey L. , Kuenzi Kerry , Stewart Amanda J.
Published: November 2024

Nonprofit boards receive plenty of advice about what they “should” do, but many fail to heed the guidance—perhaps due to limited resources, a failure to prioritize, or not realizing the critical linkage between board performance and organizational performance. This research examines diversity in board membership by linking board diversity to organizational performance. We utilize data from a large, representative national survey of nonprofit executives in the United States to examine the diversity of nonprofit boards in terms of visible diversity and inclusive behaviors and practices. Using regression analysis, we find diverse boards have more inclusive governance practices, and board diversity practices are positively related to nonprofit performance. These findings offer fresh evidence about why diversity matters relative to how boards function and their impact on fulfilling their organizational mission. This research contributes to how we think of diversity and inclusion in the nonprofit sector and why it matters beyond representational value.
Executive Compensation: The Role of Human Capital and Geographic Preferences
Authors: Giannakis Panagiotis , Roumpi Dorothea , Aydinliyim Lauren E. , Delery John E.
Published: November 2024

Human capital is crucial for sustainable competitive advantage, and certain workforce groups have a greater impact than others. The top management team, responsible for directing firm strategy and structure, is one such group, and executive turnover can be detrimental for a firm. While existing literature often suggests that executives change jobs primarily for higher pay, this is not always true. Drawing on human capital research and the geographic preference theory, we examine how an executive’s human capital and geographic preferences affect changes in compensation during job transitions. Using a sample of 351 executives who moved among S&P 500 companies from 2000 to 2015 (378 inter-organizational moves), we find that education (a proxy for human capital) and area desirability (a proxy for geographic desirability) correlate with changes in executive compensation. Additionally, a higher density of geographically proximal executive pay packages increases an executive’s compensation premium when changing jobs.
Surgical Extraction of the Maxillary Fourth Premolar Tooth in the Dog
Authors: Carmichael Daniel T.
Published: November 2024

Dental extraction is indicated for end-stage periodontal disease, fractured teeth with exposed pulp (when endodontic treatment is not possible), retained deciduous teeth, crowded or malpositioned teeth, and in other select cases. Chewing hard objects is the most common etiology for fracture of the maxillary fourth premolar tooth in dogs.

Extraction of the maxillary fourth premolar tooth is a surgical procedure. The extraction procedure involves: creating a mucoperiosteal flap, removing buccal alveolar bone, and sectioning the tooth to facilitate elevation of its three separate roots. Crown sectioning is generally recommended for multirooted teeth in order to decrease the difficulty of extraction. Sectioning should be performed at the furcation(s) to transform a large multirooted tooth into multiple, single crown-root segments that are more easily extracted. In the method described here, sectioning of the mesial root trunk is preceded by amputation of the mesial cusp to allow for more accurate sectioning at the mesial furcation. Removal of buccal alveolar bone, crown sectioning, and controlled elevation of tooth crown-root segments minimizes operative complications including root fragmentation, infraorbital artery and nerve injury, penetration of the nasal cavity, and ocular trauma.

Other procedural recommendations include alveoloplasty performed with a #4 round bur and a high-speed handpiece to remove any rough or sharp bony projections at the extraction site. Alveoloplasty is complete when digital palpation of the extraction site indicates no sharp projections Finally, the alveolus is irrigated with 0.12 % chlorhexidine solution to decrease bacterial contamination and remove any debris. Primary wound apposition is recommended to reduce postoperative hemorrhage and promote early wound healing. Tension-free wound closure may be facilitated by incising the periosteal attachment in order to mobilize the mucoperiosteal flap. Surgical extraction of the maxillary fourth premolar, including the mesial cusp amputation technique, is described step-by-step.
The Moderating Effects of Size and Experience in Balancing Social and Financial Performance in Social Enterprises: Evidence From Microfinance Institutions
Authors: Nyarko Samuel Anokye , Beisland Leif Atle , Mersland Roy
Published: November 2024

Social enterprises address societal problems with conventional business models. While scholars have extensively theorized the trade-offs between social and financial goals, little is known about the factors that affect the co-existence of these dual objectives. We theorize social enterprises’ ability to balance their social and financial performance as a function of their size and experience. We argue that the acuteness of social-financial trade-offs varies across organizations and that social enterprises get better at balancing their dual objectives as they grow larger and older. We study microfinance institutions (MFIs), which are social enterprises that provide financial services to the poor. Using data on 611 MFIs, the empirical analysis confirmed our predictions. We attribute our findings to learning effects and efficiency gains. Overall, in contrast to studies that gloss over heterogeneities among social enterprises, our study shows that the ability of these organizations to balance their dual goals depends on firm-level characteristics.
Variable impedance control for synchronizer position tracking based on gain scheduling
Authors: Wu Peng , Zang Huaiquan
Published: November 2024

Achieving fast and stable synchronizer position tracking control can greatly improve the power and comfort of transmission shifting. In order to further improve the shift speed and stability of the synchronizer, this article takes the synchronizer control of a three-speed seamless transmission as the research object and proposes a variable impedance control method based on gain scheduling. Firstly, dynamic models of the shift actuator and synchronizer was established. Then, an impedance outer loop controller and a position inner loop controller were designed. In the impedance outer loop, adjust the synchronizer reference position based on the difference between the reference shift force and the actual shift force. At the same time, based on the actual control requirements of different motion stages of the synchronizer, the optimal impedance control parameters for each stage are selected for gain scheduling control. In the position inner loop, a prescribed performance-active disturbance rejection control is adopted, which solves the problem of system disturbance while ensuring the instantaneous performance of position tracking. Finally, simulations and bench tests were conducted on the position tracking control of synchronizer. The simulation and bench test results show that the control strategy proposed achieves fast and stable synchronizer position tracking, with superior control performance, which preliminarily verifies the effectiveness of the control strategy.
The Problem of Perception in Sandor Márai’s Embers: An Advaitic Study
Authors: James Sinu , Jena Bidyut Bhusan
Published: November 2024

This article attempts to study the problem of perception in Sandor Márai’s celebrated novel Embers from the standpoint of the pramana (a method of knowledge) of Advaita Vedanta. An epistemic problem, the problem of perception, concerns the overwhelming questions of life, culminating in an enigmatic amalgamation of dilemmas and paradoxes. Genuine dilemmas and paradoxes problematize human relationships, which is evident in the complex narrative of Embers. Our contention in this article is to show how, even though enacted within the periphery of the purely fictional, Embers bears testimony to the complexities of life that are quickened by the limits of human perception, which keeps one from seeing how things really are by creating a shadow or reflected consciousness. Set against the backdrop of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the novel opens up a dialogic space at the intersection of a triangular relationship enacted on the threshold of perception and its multidimensional problems.
Settlement Policy and Competition in Towns: The Case of Anschel of Münzenberg
Authors: Funke Annika
Published: November 2024

This article examines the complexity of Jewish life in rural regions in Germany during the late Middle Ages and underscores the importance of investigating micro-histories for a more comprehensive understanding of Jewish identity and experiences in these settings. Introducing the common practice of territorial lords to limit the number of Jewish households residing in the small towns of their domain, this article argues against the portrayal of Jews as passive recipients of such settlement policies. It highlights their active participation in selecting incoming community members, especially in cases in which Jews aimed to prevent the immigration of co-religionists. Focusing on the case study of Münzenberg, where the Jew Anschel solicited the expulsion of most of the local community, three main incentives of Jewish political and legal interventions come to light: tax distribution, economic competition and personal relationships and conflicts. The article explores these incentives through various examples of Jewish townspeople who skilfully navigated negotiations, leveraging the interests and concerns of territorial lords and various courts.
Kangaroo Mother Care: A Low-cost Intervention for Improving Cerebral Hemodynamics in Preterm Babies
Authors: Agarwal Priti , Kumar Neeraj , Dayal Rajeshwar , Singh Sheo Pratap , Nayak Madhu , Sharma Ram Kshitij , Singh Hari , Kaushal Suneel Kumar , Goyal Anamika
Published: November 2024

Background

Kangaroo mother care (KMC) has been utilized extensively for the care of infants with low birth weight and babies born prematurely. However, changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during KMC interventions are not known clearly. Hence, this study was done, in clinically stable premature babies, to study the changes in cerebral hemodynamics after KMC sessions.

Methods

It was a prospective study, done without a control group, with a pre-post test design. In our study, an assessment of 104 stable preterm newborns was done, before and after KMC. CBF parameters, which included mean velocity (MV), resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were assessed using doppler ultrasonography in middle cerebral artery.

Results

Both PI and RI were found to be significantly decreased after KMC sessions. Their values, before and after KMC, were 2.06 ± 0.83 versus 1.67± 1.06 ( p value .04) and 0.88 ± 0.27 versus 0.75 ± 0.37 ( p value .04), respectively. On the other hand, MV of blood flow was found to be increased after KMC (33.47 ± 18.16 vs. 40.46 ± 19.49; p value .01). Thus, there is an increase in CBF parameters after KMC.

Conclusion

There is an increase in CBF after providing KMC, thereby having a positive influence on the structure and development of the premature infant’s brain.
Comparative Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine on Propofol Consumption, Haemodynamics and Postoperative Recovery in Laparoscopic Surgeries: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomised Study
Authors: Srivastava Vinit K. , Krishna Yethirajyam Rama , Khan Saima , Anil Deshmukh Sweta , Hamsa Vellore Srikanth , Gupta Devwrat
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims:

Laparoscopic surgery is associated with significant haemodynamic changes due to pneumoperitoneum formation. Various studies have demonstrated that α2 adrenergic agonists, such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine, prevent the haemodynamic response due to pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery.

Methods:

A total of 104 female patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomies were divided into three groups at random. Group D patients were administered a loading dose of 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine prior to induction over a period of 15 minutes and a maintenance dose of 0.5 μg/kg/h during the surgical procedure. Group CL patients were given a loading dose of 2 μg/kg of clonidine before induction over a period of 15 minutes and a maintenance dose of 1 μg/kg/h during the surgery. Group C received same volume of normal saline over same duration and maintenance infusion throughout the surgery. The primary outcome was the haemodynamic changes at different time interval. The secondary outcome was the response to verbal commands, extubation time and orientation time.

Results:

There was no significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure values between group D and group CL during whole study period. Whereas in group C, there was a statistically significant increase in heart rate and blood pressure after intubation and during pneumoperitoneum period ( P < 0.05). Extubation time and orientation time were significantly delayed in group D and group CL when compared with group C and D ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Clonidine or dexmedetomidine effectively attenuates the haemodynamic changes in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomies compared to the control group.
How the Relationship of Cultural Intelligence and Social Connectedness Fosters Psychological Well-Being Among International Students in Northern India?
Authors: Rana Minakshi , Choudhary Pooja , Ryhal Piar Chand
Published: November 2024

Studying abroad is a popular option for students, but it is unclear yet how the links between connectedness and cultural intelligence might enhance their experiences. To fill this knowledge gap, the current study develops a conceptual model based on ‘contact theory’. This study has examined the relationship between social connectedness, cultural intelligence and psychological well-being. Data were collected from 361 international students enrolled in various northern Indian universities. In the study, consistency-based structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed model. The results of the study showed that social connectedness has a significant influence on psychological well-being, and cultural intelligence partially mediated the relationship between social connectedness and psychological well-being. Additional research recommended a number of theoretical and practical conclusions to assist higher educational institutions, government and society in developing policies for international students.
Collective Action for Sustainable Farmer Water Management: The Case of the KILIMO NA MAJI Serious Game
Authors: Githinji Margaret , Speelman Erika N. , van Noordwijk Meine , Muthuri Catherine , Hofstede Gert Jan
Published: November 2024

Background

Farmers in water scarce landscapes adapt in response to the erratic weather conditions. Adaptation through irrigation, depend on water access, while impacting on downstream water availability. Competition for scarce water commons among multiple users defines a collective action problem. Farmer land-, and water-use decisions are based on both economic rationality of cost-benefit expectations, and relational rationality of reconciling conflicting opinions of important person(s) in a farmer’s social world, such as other water users, government, or spirits. Serious games that represent this duality of choices can help both players and interested others to analyze how social relations influence farmer decision-making.

Intervention

Here we describe the generic design and early experiences with specific use of the KILIMO NA MAJI game. The game is designed to analyse effect of social relations as farmers individually and/or collectively explore alternative options for crop production in scarce water commons.

Methods

We designed and applied the game in the Mt. Kenya region; a semi-arid region, ranging across a gradient of upstream water abundance to downstream water scarcity. The design of the game was informed by literature, and information from local stakeholders. We analyzed data from the pilot game sessions to assess quality and effectiveness of the game using Likert scale and a ‘solution space’ which defines a bandwidth around the mean where tradeoffs between farm-income and water-use can be partially managed.

Results

Playing the game with local stakeholders showed that social relations that participants had with traders, agro-export companies and other important persons determined where their game outcomes were positioned within the solution space.

Conclusion

Playing KILIMO NA MAJI can help assess influence of social relations and support collective exploration of alternatives to crops production in water scarce landscapes.
Human Factors Engineering (HFE) Considerations for Mounting Internal Interfaces in Heavy Vehicles
Authors: Bumgarner Sean , Rudder Sarah , Gallegos Erika E. , Daily Jeremy
Published: November 2024

Trucking fleets often need to install additional displays and consoles in vehicles to interface with the driver. These devices may be used for fleet management, assistance with logistics, or connecting to business applications. However, if these devices are installed without consideration of the drivers, the users may become distracted or frustrated with the system. Therefore, a human factors engineering (HFE) approach to the installation of additional console(s) reduces the likelihood of rework, distractions, and driver inconvenience. Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approach utilizing best practices for HFE design is presented in this paper. The results of the effort are captured with a prototype assembly bracket used in the production version of the heavy vehicle. The plan-do-study-act (PDSA) model-based human factors systems engineering methodology demonstrates efficiencies in the design and implementation of the display system. This method proved effective as new mounts were fitted in a preproduction electric vehicle before they were released in production.
Funding Mechanisms for State Road Maintenance
Authors: Kim Jiseul
Published: November 2024

The deferred maintenance practices for road infrastructure will result in increasing life-cycle costs and deteriorating economic productivity. Governments have addressed the issue by expanding revenue sources, but we don’t know much about the revenue allocation mechanisms. This research reviewed 50 states’ constitutions and statutes to find the similarities and differences in the institutional features of the funding mechanisms for road maintenance. As of 2020, it found that ten states had strict earmarking mechanisms for securing resources for road maintenance; four states had less strict earmarking mechanisms. Furthermore, this research found wide variations in the designs of 50 states’ transportation/highway trust funds and their uses. The research developed the eight propositions to examine the relationship between the funding mechanisms and state highway maintenance spending. Overall, this research contributes to the current literature and policymakers to enhance our understanding of the funding mechanisms of 50 states for road maintenance.
The Service Robot Customer Experience (SR-CX): A Matter of AI Intelligences and Customer Service Goals
Authors: Larivière Bart , Verleye Katrien , De Keyser Arne , Koerten Klaas , Schmidt Alexander L.
Published: November 2024

This research aims to generate a nuanced understanding of service robot customer experiences (SR-CX). Specifically, this work (1) empirically explores the impact of different AI intelligences (mechanical, thinking, and feeling AI) on SR-CX (i.e., SR-CX strength and SR-CX dimensionality) and its downstream impact on important service outcomes (i.e., overall service experience and service usage intentions), and (2) considers the moderating role of consumer service goals (hedonic versus utilitarian). Drawing on insights from two field studies and two online experiments, this research demonstrates that SR-CX—which is impacted differently by varying AI intelligences—affects service outcomes. Specifically, more sophisticated AI intelligences lead to enhanced service outcomes for customers with hedonic service goals across settings by strengthening SR-CX and triggering a more extensive set of SR-CX dimensions. This pattern, however, is less clear for customers driven by utilitarian service goals. For these customers, the role of SR-CX strength and SR-CX dimensionality varies across settings. These findings, which empirically support the importance of SR-CX, may help organizations to strategically leverage robots with different intelligence levels along service journeys of customers with different service goals.
Poor mid-term functional patency and post-operative outcomes in diabetic patients who undergo arteriovenous graft creation
Authors: Cleary Colin M , Wu Rong , Amankwah Kwame S , Boutrous Mina L
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of renal failure in the US and has been associated with higher mortality when compared to nondiabetic patients. This remains true despite initiation of renal replacement therapy. As such, we were interested in identifying any potential differences in access durability and postoperative outcomes in diabetic patients who receive arteriovenous fistulas versus grafts for hemodialysis.

Methods:

Diabetic patients undergoing their first arteriovenous (AV) access creation surgery in the Vascular Quality Initiative from January 2011 to January 2022 were included in our study. After exclusions, the study included two groups: those receiving AV fistulas and those receiving AV grafts for hemodialysis. Demographic characteristics were summarized and compared between these two groups using chi-square analysis or unpaired t-test. After propensity score matching was conducted, the effect of procedure type on functional patency, along with secondary outcomes including wound infection were assessed using chi-square analysis.

Results:

A total of 20,159 diabetic patients who used their hemodialysis access were included in our study; 16,205 received AV fistulas while 3954 received AV grafts. Patients receiving AV grafts were more likely to be older, female, and have higher pre-operative catheter usage. After propensity score matching, patients who received AV grafts had a shorter time-to-use their conduit (50 vs 166 days, p < 0.0001), however, patients who received AV fistulas were more likely to have longer functional patency use for hemodialysis when compared to those who received AV grafts (mean survival time: 3.3 vs 2.9 years, p < 0.0001). These results were consistent between diabetics with insulin-dependent or insulin-independent diabetes.

Conclusion:

Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus had an increased risk for significantly inferior clinical outcomes related to newly created AV grafts, including lower rates of mid-term functional patency and higher rates of worse post-operative outcomes when compared to diabetics who received AV fistulas.
Development and initial validation of the Cognitive Change Scale (CCS)
Authors: Kever Anne , Heuer Lauren B , Simani Leila , Leavitt Victoria M
Published: November 2024

Background:

Cognitive impairment is common in neurologic diseases. Precise measurement of cognitive change over time is necessary for isolating disease-related patterns from normal age-related decline. Existing measures of subjective cognition, however, focus on present status. There is, to our knowledge, no currently available self-report measure of cognitive change. We therefore developed the Cognitive Change Scale (CCS), which assesses perceived cognitive change in neurologic populations.

Methods:

A systematic mixed-methods process was followed for the scale design and validation. Associations of CCS responses to demographics, mood, and fatigue were examined in 131 persons with multiple sclerosis. A total of 46 participants also completed a cognitive test battery. Correlations of test scores with CCS responses were calculated.

Results:

The 17-item CCS showed good reliability and validity. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a four-factor structure, with items reflecting change in (1) general cognition, (2) language and executive function, (3) external feedback, and (4) use of coping strategies. Positive relationships of CCS scores with fatigue, depression, and anxiety were observed. Correlations of CCS scores with cognitive test performance did not reach significance.

Conclusion:

The CCS may be a useful cognitive outcome tool for treatment trials in neurologic populations.
Visualising the universe: The role of pictures in mediating people's relationship with outer space
Authors: Sabatini Damián
Published: November 2024

The last decade has witnessed an increased interest in outer space among non-expert citizens of London; many astronomical societies have expanded, and telescopes and astronomical magazines have experienced pronounced growth in sales. Anthropology, as a discipline focused on the study of human culture, has recently provided new insights into the cultural dimensions involved in contemporary experiences of the universe. After spending two months among amateur astronomers at two London astronomical societies, I argue that pictures – understood from a material culture perspective – play a key role in shaping people's relationship with the universe. This relationship is currently influenced by new technologies that offer more accessible ways to capture and share pictures of the skies. Simultaneously, new social media apps have opened new digital platforms for sharing outer space pictures, introducing innovative visual ways to engage with it.
Bilinguals in social and emotional contexts: How positive and negative moods shape stereotype judgements in bilingual women
Authors: Naranowicz Marcin , Jankowiak Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

The study offers insights into the interplay between mood and the language of operation in the context of stereotype judgements in female bilinguals.

Methodology:

Participants were presented with gender stereotypically congruent and incongruent sentences in their L1 (Polish) and L2 (English). They performed a stereotype congruency judgement task while their behavioural responses were being recorded.

Data and analysis:

The speed and accuracy of participants’ responses were measured and analysed using linear and generalised mixed-effect modelling, respectively.

Findings:

Our results indicated that bilinguals’ positive and negative mood states may interact with the language of operation, irrespective of stereotype congruency. We observed a facilitatory effect on response times of a positive relative to negative mood in L2 as opposed to L1. Such findings point to strong internalisation of gender stereotype in L1, with the behavioural responses remaining unaffected by mood changes, as well as decreased internalisation of gender stereotypes and their weaker accessibility in L2 compared to L1.

Originality:

The study is the first to illuminate the complex interplay among mood, language of operation, and stereotype activation, enhancing our understanding of the cognitive processes underpinning social judgements in bilingual speakers.

Significance:

The reduced accessibility of gender stereotypes in L2 might carry important consequences for various domains such as social interactions, politics, and employment situations, where L2 may serve as a tool for encouraging gender equality and diminishing gender-based stereotypes and biases.
Strengthening Online Psychology Students’ Sense of Belonging with Social Annotation: An Experimental Study
Authors: Kelly Alison E. , Clinton-Lisell Virginia
Published: November 2024

Sense of belonging is associated with postsecondary student success outcomes and has largely been studied within face-to-face course contexts. The increasing demand for online courses after the COVID-19 pandemic necessitates identifying ways instructors can foster belonging in their online courses. This study experimentally tested the effect of using social annotation on students’ sense of belonging in asynchronous online courses. Students in two psychology courses ( N = 44) were randomly assigned to complete annotation assignments individually (control) or in groups using a social annotation platform (treatment). Students completed a course-level sense of belonging measure at the end of their courses and indicated their perceptions of social annotation. Sense of belonging was significantly higher in the social annotation condition, particularly for the introductory-level psychology course, and students reported positive perceptions of social annotation. Course performance did not differ between annotation conditions, and sense of belonging was not associated with final grades. These findings document the viability of social annotation as an evidence-based tool for promoting a sense of belonging in online psychology courses.
Real-World Performance of Excimer Laser Ablation Combined with Drug-Coated Balloon Versus Drug-Coated Balloon for the Treatment of Femoropopliteal In-Stent Restenosis Disease
Authors: Wang Hui , Wu Sensen , Pan Dikang , Ning Yachan , Sun Chun , Guo Jianming , Jiang JinLan , Gu Yongquan
Published: November 2024

Background:

This study aims to assess the effectiveness and identify the risk factors associated with postoperative restenosis in patients with femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis (FP-ISR) disease treated with excimer laser ablation (ELA) combined with drug-coated balloon (DCB) versus DCB alone.

Methods:

This retrospective real-world study compares patients with FP-ISR treated with ELA + DCB versus DCB alone. Additionally, subgroup analysis was conducted for long-segment lesions (lesion length ≥200 mm) and Tosaka III lesions. Then Cox regression analysis was used to examine 24-month outcomes of target lesion revascularization and restenosis.

Results:

We found no significant differences in primary patency and freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) at 24 months between the ELA + DCB group (49 patients) and the DCB group (82 patients). In the subgroup analysis of long-segment lesions (target lesion length ≥200 mm), the results showed that ELA + DCB was superior to DCB at 24 months in terms of both primary patency (55.0% vs 35.3%; P = 0.048) and freedom from CD-TLR (77.8% vs 50.8%; P = 0.033). The 2 treatment methods did not show statistical significance in the subgroup analysis of Tosaka III patients. Target lesion length of ≥200 mm was found to have a significant association with restenosis (hazard ratio = 5.28; 95% CI, 2.48-11.23; P < 0.001) and freedom from CD-TLR (hazard ratio = 3.02; 95% CI, 1.02-9.30; P = 0.044) in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

We do not have sufficient evidence to show a significant difference between ELA + DCB and DCB alone for FP-ISR. However, for patients with long-segment FP-ISR lesions, ELA + DCB may provide better long-term patency.

Clinical Impact

Our results suggest that for patients with long-segment (≥200 mm) FP-ISR, the efficacy of ELA combined with DCB may be superior to that of DCB alone. For patients with FP-ISR <200 mm, DCB alone may achieve satisfactory efficacy, thus reducing the medical burden on patients and allowing for the selection of more appropriate treatment options for different types of lesions.
Endovascular Repair of Aortic Arch Zones 0 to 2 Using Physician-Modified Endografts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Karaolanis Georgios I. , Makaloski Vladimir , Jungi Silvan , Celik Mevlut , Bosiers Michel J. , Kotelis Drosos
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to collect all the available evidence concerning technical success and early and mid-term clinical outcomes of physician-modified endografts (PMEGs) for the treatment of aortic arch pathologies in zones 0 to 2.

Material and methods:

We performed a systematic review to identify all the eligible studies that reported outcomes to the PMEGs for aortic arch pathologies in zones 0 to 2 and then conducted a qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis of the results. The main outcomes were technical success, mortality, stroke rate, bridging stents’ complications, and reintervention rate. We estimated pooled proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

A total of 134 study titles were identified by the initial search strategy, of which 14 (zone 0 n=6; zone 1 n=1; zones 1 t o2: n=7) were considered eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. A total of 777 patients (80% male; 62±6 years) were identified among the eligible studies. The pooled technical success for the PMEG in zone 0 was 96.6% (95% CI=93.9%-98.2%), whereas in zones 1 to 2 was 95.9% (95% CI=92.9%-97.6%). The pooled 30-day mortality was 4.6% (95% CI=2.0%-10%) and 4.3% (95% CI=2.2%-8.2%) for zones 0 and 1 to 2, respectively, whereas the prevalence of late mortality was 8.2% (95% CI=4.7%-14%) and 3.4% (95% CI=1.9%-6%). The pooled stoke rate was 3.7% (95% CI=2.1%-6.4%) in zone 0 and 2.7% (95% CI=1.4%-5%) in zones 1 to 2. The early reintervention rate was 3.5% (95% CI=1.5%-8.0%) and 4.2% (95% CI=2.4%-7.2%) for zones 0 and 1 to 2, respectively, whereas during the mean follow-up of 26 months was 8.5% (95% CI=3.0%-21%) and 1.9% (95% CI=0.8%-4.3%). The pooled bridging’s stent instability was 3.9% (95% CI=1.1%-12.9%) in zone 0 and 3.2% (95% CI=1.8%-5.8%) in zones 1 to 2.

Conclusions:

Endovascular repair of aortic arch pathologies using PMEGs seems to present a satisfactory level of technical success and a low mortality rate. To attain clearer conclusions, further research employing randomized controlled trials, longer-term follow-up, and consistent reporting of results is warranted.

Clinical Impact

This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies analyzed the short- and mid-term outcomes of aortic arch aneurysm and/or dissection using physician-modified endografts. It separately examined the outcomes from zones 0 and 1-2 of the aortic arch. Fourteen studies (n=777 patients) were included. Overall technical success rates were 96.6% for zone 0 and 95.9% for zone 1-2. Regarding early mortality and stroke rates, no significant differences were observed, while late mortality was higher in patients in zone 0. The late reintervention rate favored patients treated with PMEGs in zone 1-2. The physician-modified technique appears to be an excellent and rapidly available alternative for the treatment of aortic arch diseases.
Complete Response of Locally Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Following Basil Combined With Cisplatin Plus Pemetrexed Chemotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: He Chunxia , Li Liuning , Feng Bing , Xie Liqian , Zhang Liwen , Liu Bai
Published: November 2024

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) represents the established therapeutic modality for managing locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). However, its impact on improving the poor prognosis of LA-NSCLC patients is limited, and it can cause severe side effects. A 62-year-old Chinese female was diagnosed with unresectable stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma. She refused CCRT. Enhanced computed tomography of the chest revealed a space-occupying lesion in her left pulmonary hilum, invading and encircling the pulmonary artery trunk. Due to the reported anti-tumor effects of basil, a stasis-removing Chinese herb, the patient received basil combined with cisplatin plus pemetrexed (CP) chemotherapy as first-line treatment. After 6 cycles of treatment, her condition achieved complete remission, and circulating tumor cells were reduced to zero. Regular follow-ups showed that the patient maintained progression-free survival for nearly 3 years. This case highlights the potential efficacy of basil combined with CP chemotherapy in treating LA-NSCLC. However, the curative effect of this regimen needs further validation through larger clinical trials.
Effectiveness of a Multidisciplinary Expertise Team in the reduction of restrictive measures in sheltered care homes for people with an intellectual disability
Authors: Schippers Baukje , Vandesande Sien , van Nieuwenhuijzen Maroesjka , Frederiks Brenda , de Moor Marleen , Immers Danielle , Schuengel Carlo
Published: November 2024

Background: Minimizing restrictive measures is an important lever to promote self-determination for people with intellectual disabilities. Aims: This study assesses the efficacy of the Multidisciplinary Expertise Team (MDET) program in reducing such measures within Dutch sheltered care homes for people with intellectual disabilities. Methods and Procedures: A clustered randomized trial encompassed 30 residential units, reporting 428 measures on 107 residents through an organization-wide registration system. Units were randomly assigned to the MDET program or care-as-usual. Outcomes and Results: Units assigned to the MDET-program reported a significant stronger reduction in restrictive measures compared to the care-as-usual units (40% versus 20%). Conclusions and Implications: The MDET program shows promise in decreasing restrictive measures by enhancing awareness and sharing expertise across disciplines at staff and resident levels.
Prevalence and patterns of pre-competition weight loss practices in Chinese Amateur boxers
Authors: Zhong Yuming , Lakicevic Nemanja , Drid Patrik , Gee Thomas I , Tang Weiwei , Sui Yuan , Wen Chunyuan , Zheng Hang , Yin Mingyue , Chen Chao , Zhao Zhichen , Xu Kai , Kirk Christopher , Reale Reid , Langan-Evans Carl , Artioli Guilherme Giannini , Weldon Anthony , Li Yongming
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the weight loss (WL) practices of Chinese amateur boxers using the Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire (RWLQ). A total of 701 (563 males, 138 females) boxers participated in the study and were categorized by sex, age group, and competitive level. Sixty-seven percent of boxers purposefully engaged in WL practices before competition. The average habitual WL was 6.0% (5.8% for juniors and 6.3% for seniors) of body mass (BM), with the average highest WL was 9.5% (9.1% for juniors and 10.1% for seniors) of BM. Most participants (69% for juniors and 84% for seniors) allocated 15+ days for WL before competition. No significant differences in habitual WL%, highest WL%, and rapid weight loss score (RWLS) were found between age groups or competitive levels (all p > 0.05). However, males’ highest WL% and RWLS were significantly higher than females (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). International boxers began WL later than local boxers (15.5 vs. 14.3 years, p = 0.012). National boxers began WL later than provincial and local boxers (15.6 vs. 14.8 years, p < 0.001; 15.6 vs. 14.3 years, p < 0.001). Increased exercise and training in plastic suits were the most frequently used WL methods. Coaches were identified as the most influential person concerning boxer's WL practices, surpassing doctors or nutritionists. This study found that some WL practices among Chinese boxers differ from those in other sports and countries. Although the prevalence of WL among junior boxers was relatively low, the magnitude of WL was high, warranting more attention in both academic and practical fields.
Does pad displacement correlate to impact severity metrics in football helmets?
Authors: Young Trevor S , Chatham Lillian S , Carpenter R Dana , Yakacki Christopher M
Published: November 2024

As efforts to reduce sport-related head injuries continue, there is a need to better understand the mechanisms of an impact that influence the risk of sustaining a concussion. This study presents a method which can be used to separate football helmet pad displacement into normal and rotational components. Finite element models of three popular football helmets were used to simulate a variety of impacts per the National Football League (NFL) helmet testing protocol. Pad displacement components were evaluated for correlation with impact severity metrics including Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Diffuse Axonal Multi-Axis General Evaluation (DAMAGE), and Head Acceleration Response Metric (HARM). When combining all locations, displacement was not found to correlate well with severity metrics ( R2 < 0.44). However, trends did exist with normal displacement when evaluating data by impact location. Normal displacement was found to correlate strongly with HARM, HIC, and Peak Resultant Linear Acceleration (PRLA) at the side upper (SU) location ( R2 = 0.79–0.8). Overall, it was observed that helmets which maximize normal displacement without bottoming out performed better. Tangential displacement was not found to correlate well with any impact severity metrics even when evaluated by location. This study has provided a method to evaluate components of helmet pad normal displacement during simulations which may help guide design and optimization efforts for helmets under impact in critical locations.
Development of a method for the impact performance characterization of commonly worn helmets in rodeo bull-riding
Authors: Henline Bianca J , Cardinal Madysn D , Gruber Katharine , Ferriell William Davis , Wright Noah P , DesJardins John D , Batt Gregory
Published: November 2024

As the rodeo sport of bull-riding increases in popularity, dangers to bull-rider athlete safety continue to pose serious health risks. Despite frequent occurrences of head trauma in the sport, current test methods for evaluating helmets commonly worn in bull-riding fail to consider rotational head acceleration, which is correlated to concussive events in impact sports. Additionally, the second most prevalent mechanism contributing to head trauma in bull-riding is bull kick impacts, which have yet to be accurately modeled in a test method. Researchers aim to enhance bull-rider athlete protection through the development of a helmet test method that simulates bull kicks with a pneumatic linear impactor. The proposed test method considers impacts at two impact velocities and six impact locations using a flat and Equestrian Hazard Anvil. Two commonly worn helmets in bull-riding are evaluated in this study, and an adequate sample size is determined from analyzing variation between repeated impacts. The proposed test method is statistically validated, and researchers show that impacts at higher kicking velocities and impacts with the flat anvil result in increased rotational head accelerations. Ultimately, this study emphasizes the need for helmets designed specifically for the unique impacts of bull-riding by simulating bull kicks through pneumatic linear impactor testing to reduce rotational head kinematics and hoof penetration.