bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erhöhte Lebensqualität bei frühem Einsatz der palliativen Medizin
Authors: Lübbe Andreas Stephan
Published: March 2017

Hintergrund: Das duktale Adenokarzinom des Pankreas (PDAC) ist eine hochgradig aggressive maligne Erkrankung mit einer medianen 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate von <8%. Zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung liegen bei der großen Mehrheit der Pankreaskarzinompatienten bereits entweder Metastasen oder ein lokal fortgeschrittener Tumor vor. Trotz relativ geringer Wirksamkeit war die Gabe von Gemcitabin lange Jahre die chemotherapeutische Strategie der ersten Wahl bei fortgeschrittenem PDAC. In den letzten 5 Jahren hat sich jedoch das Verständnis der Karzinogenese im Pankreas dramatisch verbessert, und entsprechend stehen auch bedeutend mehr therapeutische Optionen zur Verfügung. Zusammenfassung: Mit dem FOLFIRINOX-Protokoll und der Kombination aus Gemcitabin und nab-Paclitaxel haben zwei neuartige Chemotherapie-Schemata Einzug in den klinischen Alltag gehalten, die das Gesamtüberleben bei palliativer Anwendung um 4-5 Monate verlängern. Kürzlich ist die Erkenntnis hinzugekommen, dass bei beiden Schemata Modifikationen und bei älteren Patienten Dosisanpassungen ohne wesentliche Einbußen bei der Wirksamkeit möglich sind. Zusätzlich haben innovative Applikationsstrategien wie z.B. mit Nanopartikeln fusioniertes liposomales Irinotecan zusammen mit 5-FU/LV nach Vorbehandlung mit Gemcitabin überzeugende Ergebnisse erbracht. Aktuell laufende präklinische und klinische Studien untersuchen die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit neuartiger Wirkstoffe, die auf die Inhibition wichtiger inflammatorischer Signalwege (z.B. JAK-STAT) oder der Desmoplasie im Umfeld des Tumors abzielen. Mit Blick auf die nähere Zukunft erscheinen immunvakzinatorische Ansätze oder die Inhibition von Immun-Checkpoints , insbesondere in Kombination mit epigenetischen Wirkstoffen, als vielversprechende Strategien bei fortgeschrittenem PDAC. In diesem praxisorientierten Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über den gegenwärtigen Standard und fassen die neuesten aussichtsreichen Fortschritte bei der zytostatischen PDAC-Therapie zusammen. Wichtigste Punkte: 1) FOLFIRINOX und nab-Paclitaxel/Gemcitabin als Erstlinienbehandlung verlängern das Überleben von Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem PDAC signifikant; 2) die Wahl des passendsten Behandlungsschemas richtet sich nach dem Allgemeinzustand des Patienten, seinen Komorbiditäten sowie der Toxizität; 3) PDAC-Patienten profitieren von einer Zweitlinien-Chemotherapie; die Wahl des bestgeeigneten Therapieschemas richtet sich hierbei nach dem Erstlinien-Therapieschema sowie patientenspezifischen Kriterien; 4) künftige Behandlungsstrategien bei fortgeschrittenem PDAC berücksichtigen das molekulare Tumorprofil und andere Biomarker.
Onkologen sollten über die Misteltherapie informiert sein
Authors: Witt Claudia
Published: March 2017

Einleitung: Die Misteltherapie ist im deutschsprachigen Raum ein häufig angewandtes komplementärmedizinisches Verfahren (KM) in der Onkologie. Diese Studie hatte das Ziel, die Beweggründe für oder gegen eine Inanspruchnahme der Misteltherapie zu untersuchen und Themenfeldern zuzuordnen. Patienten und Methoden: Es wurden qualitative leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Krebspatienten geführt. Der Interviewleitfaden fragte nach der Inanspruchnahme von KM, der Motivation zur Inanspruchnahme, Informationsverhalten und -bedürfnissen zu KM sowie nach der Krebserkrankung. Um die Beweg- gründe für die Inanspruchnahme oder Nichtinanspruchnahme der Misteltherapie zu verstehen, wurden die Interviews inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden Interviews mit 88 Krebspatienten geführt, davon nutzen 18 (20,5%) die Misteltherapie. Die Beweggründe für oder gegen eine Inanspruchnahme der Misteltherapie ließen sich den 2 Themenfeldern «Wahrgenommene Indikation» und «Abwägungen bei der Entscheidungsfindung» zuordnen. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerungen: Mit der Misteltherapie wird sowohl ein Einfluss auf das Tumorwachstum als auch eine supportive Wirkung assoziiert. Anwender sehen die Misteltherapie als sicheres Verfahren; Nichtnutzer befürchten eher Neben- oder Wechselwirkungen. Die Empfehlung von Fachpersonal spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Inanspruchnahme. Zum Teil waren die Nichtnutzer interessiert an der Anwendung der Misteltherapie, befanden sich jedoch noch im Klärungsprozess.
Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging Identifies Iron-Oxide-Labeled Human Neural Stem Cells: Automated Computational Detection
Authors: Baghchechi Mohsen , Plaia Amy , Hamer Mary , Ghosh Nirmalya , Ashwal Stephen , Obenaus Andre
Published: March 2017

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HII) can lead to devastating neurological outcomes such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and mental retardation. Human neural stem cell (hNSC) therapy provides new hope for the treatment of neonatal HII. These multipotent cells can aid in HII recovery by activating multiple reparative mechanisms including secretion of neurotrophic factors that enhance brain repair and plasticity. For clinical use of implanted hNSCs, methods are required to identify, quantify, track, and visualize migration and replication in an automated and reproducible fashion. In the current study, we used a model of unilateral HII in 10-day-old rat pups that were implanted with 250,000 Feridex-labeled hNSCs into the contralateral ventricle 3 days after HII. In addition to standard noninvasively acquired serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences (11.7 and 4.7 T) that included diffusion-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging, we also acquired susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) 1-90 days after hNSC implantation. SWI is an advanced MRI method that enhances the visualization of iron-oxide-labeled hNSCs within affected regions of the injured neonatal brain. hNSC contrast was further enhanced by creating minimal intensity projections from the raw SWI magnitude images combined with phase information. Automated computational analysis using hierarchical region splitting (HRS) was applied for semiautomatic detection of hNSCs from SWI images. We found hNSCs in the ipsilateral HII lesion within the striatum and cortex adjacent to the lesion that corresponded to histological staining for iron. Quantitative phase values (radians) obtained from SWI revealed temporally evolving increased phase which reflects a decreased iron oxide content that is possibly related to cell division and the replicative capacity of the implanted hNSCs. SWI images also revealed hNSC migration from the contralateral injection site towards the ipsilateral HII lesion. Our results demonstrate that MRI-based SWI can monitor iron-labeled hNSCs in a clinically relevant manner and that automated computational methods such as HRS can rapidly identify iron-oxide-labeled hNSCs.
A Study of Biological Rhythm Disturbances in Polish Remitted Bipolar Patients using the BRIAN, CSM, and SWPAQ Scales
Authors: Dopierala Ewa , Chrobak Adrian , Kapczinski Flavio , Michalak Michał , Tereszko Anna , Ferensztajn-Rochowiak Ewa , Dudek Dominika , Jaracz Jan , Siwek Marcin , Rybakowski Janusz K.
Published: March 2017

Background/Aims: The Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) is a novel tool allowing for a complex assessment of biological rhythms. We compared patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy control subjects (HC) using the Polish version of the BRIAN scale. Method: Fifty-four remitted BD patients (17 males and 37 females aged 52 ± 13 years) and 54 healthy control subjects (25 males and 29 females aged 42 ± 14 years) were studied. In addition to the BRIAN scale, the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) and the Sleep-Wake Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SWPAQ) were employed. Results: The Polish version of the BRIAN scale displayed high feasibility and consistency, showing that the patients had greater biological rhythm disturbances than the controls. After regression analysis, significant differences were obtained for the BRIAN subscales activity and predominant chronotype, and for the SWPAQ items quality of night-time sleep and ability to stay awake. We obtained positive correlations between higher BRIAN scores and morningness and eveningness, but the correlations with vigilance and the ability to stay awake (on the SWPAQ) were negative. Conclusions: Using the BRIAN scale, we confirmed the greater disturbances of biological rhythm in Polish remitted bipolar patients, compared with healthy controls. The differences between these 2 groups in sleep-awake patterns were also demonstrated by the SWPAQ scores. In contrast to other studies, we were unable to confirm an evening chronotype as a discriminating factor between remitted bipolar patients and healthy subjects. This can be explained by the older age and the use of lithium by a significant proportion of the patients.
The Evidence of Acute Kidney Injury in the Community and for Primary Care Interventions
Authors: Emmett Lauren , Tollitt James , McCorkindale Sheila , Sinha Smeeta , Poulikakos Dimitrios
Published: March 2017

Background: Almost two-thirds of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) damage their kidneys whilst in the community. This paper aims to review existing data on incidence, mortality, and morbidity of AKI within the community and explore the evidence base for primary care strategies aimed at reducing incidence and improving early detection and management of AKI. Methods: A literature search was carried out using PubMed; key words including AKI, primary care, community acquired, and electronic alerts (e-alerts) were used to capture relevant data. Results: Incidence of AKI developing in the community is variable between studies due to differences in AKI definition. Community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI) but identified in hospital (CAH-AKI) is more prevalent than hospital-acquired AKI and increases short- and long-term mortality and length of stay in hospital. CA-AKI identified in primary care is less severe than CAH-AKI but is associated with increased mortality. The use of e-alerts has good diagnostic accuracy for detecting AKI but their impact on outcomes in secondary care remains uncertain; it is likely that they should be complemented with other interventions to improve management. Evidence has not yet emerged regarding the effects of e-alerts on outcomes in primary care. Conclusion: Given the significance of developing AKI in the community, strategies to aid early detection and promote prevention are warranted. A multifaceted approach combining e-alerts, educational programs, and care bundles across the interface between primary and secondary care has the potential to improve outcomes in the future.
Simulation-Based Training in Flexible Bronchoscopy and Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA): A Systematic Review
Authors: Naur Therese Maria Henriette , Nilsson Philip Mørkeberg , Pietersen Pia Iben , Clementsen Paul Frost , Konge Lars
Published: March 2017

Background: The use of simulators in a training programme for technically challenging procedures has the advantages of lowering the risk of patient complications while helping the trainees with the initial part of their learning curve. Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of simulation-based training in flexible bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). Methods: We identified 1,006 publications in the PubMed database and included publications on flexible bronchoscopy below the carina and EBUS involving hands-on simulation-based training. Publications were excluded if they were written in languages other than English, if paediatric airways were involved or if they were not journal articles. The screening process was performed by 2 individuals, and a third reviewer made the final decision in case of disagreement. Results: We included 30 publications. The studies included participants of varying experience and most commonly used a virtual reality simulator as a training modality. Assessment of the participants' skills was based on simulator metrics or on an assessment tool. Some studies included performance on patients for assessment of the operator after training on a simulator. Conclusions: Simulation-based training was demonstrated to be more efficient than the traditional apprenticeship model. Physical models and virtual reality simulators complement each other. Simulation-based education should be based on a mastery learning approach and structured as directed self-regulated learning in a distributed training programme.
Gross Hematuria Is More Common in Male and Older Patients with Renal Tuberculosis in China: A Single-Center 15-Year Clinical Experience
Authors: Cao Yudong , Fan Yu , Chen Yuke , Zhao Zheng , Song Yi , Shen Cheng , Li Xin , Huang Haichao , Yu Wei , Jin Jie
Published: March 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of renal tuberculosis and identify the age- and gender-related differences. Methods: A total of 419 patients at the Peking University First Hospital from January 2000 to July 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, complications, laboratory results, radiologic imaging, surgical procedures, and pathology features were collected and compared between genders and 3 different age groups (under 40 years, 41-60, years and over 60 years). Results: The most common local presentations were lower urinary tract symptoms (65.2%), flank pain (37.9%), and gross hematuria (26.3%). Constitutional symptoms were also observed in 38.9% of the patients. Gross hematuria was more common in male patients (32.2%) and older patients (45.5%). Flank pain was more common in female patients (43.6%). Patients younger than 40 years of age had lower frequencies of calcification of the urinary tract (22.2%) and kidney atrophy (4.2%) in CT. In the postoperative pathological reports, atrophy (35.9%) and fibrosis (38.5%) were found to be significantly more common in older patients. Conclusions: While gross hematuria is more prevalent in older patients and male patients, flank pain is more common in female patients. Radiological and pathological features including calcification of the urinary tract, fibrosis, and kidney atrophy are more common in older patients.
МАРКЕТИНГОВИЙ АНАЛIЗ АСОРТИМЕНТУ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ ІЗ СОФОРОЮ ЯПОНСЬКОЮ, ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЙ НА ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОМУ РИНКУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Grytsenko V. I. , Kienko L. S. , Kutsenko S. А.
Published: March 2017

Мета роботи. Провести маркетинговий аналіз вітчизняного ринку лікарських засобів, до складу яких входить софора японська.Матеріали і методи. Основні методи дослідження – системний, маркетинговий та графічний аналізи.Результати й обговорення. У ході досліджень встановлено, що більшість складають засоби у м’яких лікарських формах (34 %), з яких креми та бальзами – по 25 %; 87,5 % виробляють в Україні; 41,6 % засобів для лікування дерматологічних захворювань, 79 % препаратів є комбінованими. Результати проведеного маркетингового аналізу дозволяють стверджувати, що більшість ліків із сировиною софори японської представлена на фармацевтичному ринку України у вигляді лікувально-профілактичних засобів, тому перспективним є створення нових вітчизняних ефективних лікарських препаратів на основі даної рослинної сировини.Висновки. Розглянуто основні тенденції розвитку вітчизняного ринку фармацевтичних препаратів і лікувально-профілактичних засобів, що містять у складі сировину софори японської. Проведено аналіз асортименту препаратів за лікарськими формами, країнами-виробниками, групами захворювань та комбінацією речовин. За результатами маркетингових досліджень складено асортиментний макроконтур сегмента ринку препаратів із софорою японською та доведено актуальність створення нових ефективних вітчизняних лікарських препаратів на основі даної рослинної сировини.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ХРОНІЧНОЇ ТОКСИЧНОСТІ ТАБЛЕТОК «ДОЛОСАН ФОРТЕ®»
Authors: Trutaev S. I. , Shtrygol’ S. Yu. , Laryanovska Yu. B.
Published: March 2017

Мета роботи. Визначити ступінь безпечності нового комбінованого спазмоанальгетика – таблеток «Долосан Форте®» – за хронічного введення.Матеріали і методи. Таблетки «Долосан Форте®», розроблені ПАТ «Червона Зірка», є комбінацією зирілону (2,4-дихлорбензойної кислоти калієва сіль із вираженою анальгетичною та протизапальною дією), пітофенону гідрохлориду (міотропний спазмолітик), фенпіверинію броміду (М-холінолітик із додатковими міотропними та анальгетичними властивостями). Хронічну токсичність препарату досліджено за стандартними протоколами при 30-денному введенні щурам у дозах 2,3 та 23 мг/кг; кролям у дозах 1 та 10 мг/кг. Результати й обговорення. Встановлено відсутність ознак інтоксикації, грубих порушень метаболічних процесів, зсувів гематологічних параметрів, біохімічних показників крові і сечі, функціонального стану ЦНС (за тестом «відкритого поля»), нирок (в умовах водного діурезу) та міокарда (за даними ЕКГ). За даними гістологічних досліджень, не зареєстровано ознак кардіотоксичної, нефротоксичної та гепатотоксичної дії препарату, його подразнювального впливу на слизові оболонки ШКТ, не виявлено порушень морфофункціонального стану легень, селезінки, щитоподібної залози, тимусу, наднирників.Висновки. Доведено відсутність токсичної дії «Долосану Форте®» при 30-денному внутрішньошлунковому введенні щурам і кролям в умовнотерапевтичній дозі та десятиразово збільшеній умовнотерапевтичній дозі.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ФАРМАКОЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ЛІКУВАННЯ ЕНТЕРИТІВ ВІРУСНОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ У ДІТЕЙ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ РЕГІДРАТАЦІЙНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ)
Authors: Nemchenko A. S. , Balynska M. V.
Published: March 2017

Мета роботи. Провести фармакоекономічну оцінку ефективності застосування ЛЗ для оральної та парентеральної регідратації та моделювання витрат на регідратаційну терапію секреторних (вірусних) діарей у дітей віком до 5-ти років.Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні було використано метод фармакоекономічного аналізу «мінімізація витрат», а також аналітичний, статистичний, логічний та графічний методи. На прикладі регідратаційної терапії визначено ЛЗ, найбільш доцільні для використання з метою оральної та перантеральної регідратації дітей з позиції мінімізації витрат, а також змодельовано сукупні витрати на регідратаційну терапію секреторних (вірусних) діарей у дітей віком до 5-ти років. Дослідження було здійсненне за створеною методикою проведення фармакоекономічних досліджень ГКІ у дітей. Результати й обговорення. Визначено можливий обсяг витрат на регідратаційну терапію ГКІ вірусної етіології у дітей до 5-ти років на 2017 рік, що склав понад 707 тис. грн, або 26 004 $ (1$ США – 27,19 грн станом на 11.01.17).Висновки. Здійснено розрахунки вартість регідратаційної терапії ГКІ у дітей з використанням методу фармакоекономічного аналізу «мінімізація витрат», а також змодельовано можливі витрати на лікування дітей до 5-ти років з діагнозом ГКІ вірусної етіології. В подальшому отримані результати доцільно використати у процесі вдосконалення фармацевтичного забезпечення дитячого населення, зокрема для попередження та терапії ГКІ.
Educação de moda para o futuro: desenvolvimento sustentável nas dimensões social, econômica, ambiental, cultural e geográfica
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Mendes Francisca Dantas
Published: March 2017

Esta obra apresenta ao leitor diferentes olhares sobre a moda por meio de pesquisas desenvolvidas no Brasil e no exterior que buscam teorizar a prática e construir conceitos, reflexões e ações que aprimorem a esfera do campo de estudo. Os trabalhos apresentados foram divididos em cinco eixos relacionais da moda. São eles: educação, sociedade, cultura, meio ambiente e economia.
Fashion education for the future: sustainable development in social, economic, environmental, cultural and geographic dimensions
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades
Published: March 2017

A book whose 33 chapters, subdivided in five thematic sessions, are destined to the researches - rigorously selected by the scientific committee - that were described in a booklet of abstracts and presented briefly, in 7 minutes, during Fashion Colloquia - São Paulo 2016.The task is to expose what has been researched at fashion colleges, report the challenges of industry and confirm the diversity of fashion as a cultural manifestation in a country of continental dimensions.
Hepatic capillariasis in two captive Callithrix penicillata
Authors: Pereira Washington Luiz Assunção , Benigno Raimundo Nonato Moraes , Silva Klena Sarges Marruaz da , Bernal Marcella Katheryne Marques , Aguirra Lucien Roberta Valente Miranda de
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho relata a ocorrência de dois casos de capilariose hepática em primatas não-humanos da espécie Callithrix penicilatta mantidos em cativeiro. O caso 1 era uma fêmea jovem, que exibiu fígado de cor pálida, suavizada devido a autólise e algumas áreas múltiplas visivelmente esbranquiçadas. O caso 2 foi registrado em um macho adulto, de idade desconhecida, com fígado levemente pálido e acastanhado. A análise histológica das amostras revelou extensa fibrose intersticial com áreas de hemossiderose, exemplares de Capillaria hepatica adultos e numerosos ovos morfologicamente caracterizados pela sua forma elipsóide, não-embrionárias, com tampões bipolares que se sobressaem da casca, que é espessa, birrefringente e com uma camada porosa, dando uma aparência estriada ao ovo. Algumas formações císticas continham ovos do nematóide cercados por numerosas células gigantes do tipo corpo estranho. A literatura consultada possui poucas referências acerca da presença de Capillaria hepatica em primatas não-humanos. No entanto, infecções semelhantes são bem estudadas em roedores domésticos.
Remnant Cholesterol Elicits Arterial Wall Inflammation and a Multilevel Cellular Immune Response in Humans
Authors: Bernelot Moens Sophie J. , Verweij Simone L. , Schnitzler Johan G. , Stiekema Lotte C.A. , Bos Merijn , Langsted Anne , Kuijk Carlijn , Bekkering Siroon , Voermans Carlijn , Verberne Hein J. , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Stroes Erik S.G. , Kroon Jeffrey
Published: March 2017

Objective—

Mendelian randomization studies revealed a causal role for remnant cholesterol in cardiovascular disease. Remnant particles accumulate in the arterial wall, potentially propagating local and systemic inflammation. We evaluated the impact of remnant cholesterol on arterial wall inflammation, circulating monocytes, and bone marrow in patients with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (FD).

Approach and Results—

Arterial wall inflammation and bone marrow activity were measured using
18
F-FDG PET/CT. Monocyte phenotype was assessed with flow cytometry. The correlation between remnant levels and hematopoietic activity was validated in the CGPS (Copenhagen General Population Study). We found a 1.2-fold increase of
18
F-FDG uptake in the arterial wall in patients with FD (n=17, age 60±8 years, remnant cholesterol: 3.26 [2.07–5.71]) compared with controls (n=17, age 61±8 years, remnant cholesterol 0.29 [0.27–0.40];
P
<0.001). Monocytes from patients with FD showed increased lipid accumulation (lipid-positive monocytes: Patients with FD 92% [86–95], controls 76% [66–81],
P
=0.001, with an increase in lipid droplets per monocyte), and a higher expression of surface integrins (CD11b, CD11c, and CD18). Patients with FD also exhibited monocytosis and leukocytosis, accompanied by a 1.2-fold increase of
18
F-FDG uptake in bone marrow. In addition, we found a strong correlation between remnant levels and leukocyte counts in the CGPS (n=103 953,
P
for trend 5×10–276). In vitro experiments substantiated that remnant cholesterol accumulates in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells coinciding with myeloid skewing.

Conclusions—

Patients with FD have increased arterial wall and cellular inflammation. These findings imply an important inflammatory component to the atherogenicity of remnant cholesterol, contributing to the increased cardiovascular disease risk in patients with FD.
Mice Lacking the Inhibitory Collagen Receptor LAIR-1 Exhibit a Mild Thrombocytosis and Hyperactive Platelets
Authors: Smith Christopher W. , Thomas Steven G. , Raslan Zaher , Patel Pushpa , Byrne Maxwell , Lordkipanidzé Marie , Bem Danai , Meyaard Linde , Senis Yotis A. , Watson Steve P. , Mazharian Alexandra
Published: March 2017

Objective—

Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is a collagen receptor that belongs to the inhibitory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif–containing receptor family. It is an inhibitor of signaling via the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif–containing collagen receptor complex, glycoprotein VI-FcRγ-chain. It is expressed on hematopoietic cells, including immature megakaryocytes, but is not detectable on platelets. Although the inhibitory function of LAIR-1 has been described in leukocytes, its physiological role in megakaryocytes and in particular in platelet formation has not been explored. In this study, we investigate the role of LAIR-1 in megakaryocyte development and platelet production by generating LAIR-1–deficient mice.

Approach and Results—

Mice lacking LAIR-1 exhibit a significant increase in platelet counts, a prolonged platelet half-life in vivo, and increased proplatelet formation in vitro. Interestingly, platelets from LAIR-1–deficient mice exhibit an enhanced reactivity to collagen and the glycoprotein VI–specific agonist collagen-related peptide despite not expressing LAIR-1, and mice showed enhanced thrombus formation in the carotid artery after ferric chloride injury. Targeted deletion of LAIR-1 in mice results in an increase in signaling downstream of the glycoprotein VI–FcRγ-chain and integrin αIIbβ3 in megakaryocytes because of enhanced Src family kinase activity.

Conclusions—

Findings from this study demonstrate that ablation of LAIR-1 in megakaryocytes leads to increased Src family kinase activity and downstream signaling in response to collagen that is transmitted to platelets, rendering them hyper-reactive specifically to agonists that signal through Syk tyrosine kinases, but not to G-protein–coupled receptors.
Accuracy and Reliability of Stroke Diagnosis in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Mackay Mark T. , Yock-Corrales Adriana , Churilov Leonid , Monagle Paul , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Babl Franz E.
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose—

Access to acute stroke interventions in the emergency department (ED) relies on correct clinical diagnosis. Our aims were to determine the accuracy and reliability of pediatric ED physician diagnosis of childhood stroke and other conditions presenting with brain attack symptoms.

Methods—

Prospective study of consecutive children aged 1 month to 18 years presenting to the ED from June 2009 to December 2010 with focal neurological deficits. Accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operator characteristic curves [ROCs]) and interrater agreement (κ) were determined, between ED physician diagnoses, as recorded in the electronic hospital administrative software system, and final neurological diagnosis, after completion of diagnostic work-up.

Results—

Two-hundred eighty-seven children with 301 consecutive presentations were recruited. The most common final brain attack diagnoses included migraine in 84 children, first seizure in 48, Bell’s palsy in 29, stroke in 21, and conversion disorders in 18 children. Sensitivity of ED physician stroke diagnosis was 62%, and specificity was 98% (ROC, 0.8). Inter-rater agreement for ED physician and final stroke diagnosis was substantial (κ=0.61). ED physician diagnostic accuracy and reliability was highest for Bell’s palsy (ROC=0.98; κ=0.96), and lowest for central nervous system demyelination (ROC=0.5; κ=−0.01) and cerebellitis (ROC=0.50; κ=0.50).

Conclusions—

ED physician diagnostic accuracy and reliability varies considerably across disorders presenting with brain attack symptoms. Clinical recognition tools are required to assist pediatric ED physicians with diagnosis of stroke and other serious neurological disorders.
Cannibal Theologies in Colonial Portuguese America (1549-1759)
Authors: Lee M. Kittiya
Published: March 2017

This article examines Jesuit-signed texts written in the Brasílica lingua franca and used in the religious conversion of native peoples in colonial Portuguese America (1549-1759). I study translation strategies for conveying the sacrament of Communion, arguing that doctrinal explanations and word choices recorded in catechisms and dictionaries reflect Tupi-Guarani beliefs that shaped Christianity. These translations merged the theophagous doctrine of the Eucharist with Tupinambá vengeance and exocannibalism, which were central to rituals enacted to bring about that earthly utopia that the Indians called the Land Without Evil. Thus did a distinct eschatology form, compressed with thick layers of Tupi-Guarani and Iberian Catholicism in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In late colony, these became reinterpreted by non-Tupi-Guarani Indians who renamed the Eucharist. But in every telling, the promise of the Eucharist remained the same: that the eating of an other gave access to salvation and eternal bliss.
Willy-Nilly Baptisms and Chichimeca Freedoms: Missionary Disputes, Indigenous Desires and the 1695 O’odham Revolt
Authors: Bayne Brandon
Published: March 2017

This paper uses the 1695 revolt of the O’odham (Pima) in northern New Spain as a window into ritually inflected encounters between indigenous communities and European evangelists. A careful study of the diverse religious and military reports on the O’odham rebellion reveals a more complex rendering of native participation than the dichotomous options of conversion or rejection. Soldiers’ journals, missionary letters, and official reports not only list possible reasons for the uprising, but also help explain the long periods of relative cooperation that preceded and followed it. Even as several O’odham rejected Christian symbols and rituals in 1695, they also welcomed missionaries with crosses, accepted baptism, celebrated feasts, and constructed churches before and after the revolt. At the same time, the uprising exposed internal Jesuit ambivalence about the authenticity of indigenous sacramental participation. While priests like Eusebio Kino believed in a patient and relatively tolerant approach to existing O’odham practices, others like Francisco Xavier Mora insisted on a more immediate and thoroughgoing transformation to European norms. This disagreement and the ensuing gap between early promises and actual implementation help explain shifting O’odham strategies for negotiating missionary encounters.
Nesting biology and life history of the dung beetle Onthophagus lecontei (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)
Authors: Arellano L. , Castillo-Guevara C. , Huerta C. , Germán-García A. , Lara C.
Published: March 2017

Obtaining knowledge about a species’ life history and reproductive behaviour is fundamental for understanding its biology, ecology, and potential role in ecosystem services. Here, we focused on the dung beetle speciesOnthophagus lecontei. Adults were collected in the field and then confined to terrariums, where they were supplied with semi-fresh domestic goat dung (Capra aegagrusErxleben, 1777). After being paired (26 pairs), the nesting behavior of beetles was observed under laboratory conditions and the preimaginal development of individuals obtained from mating (from the deposition of the egg until the emergence of the adult) was described. Their nesting behavior was found to be characteristic of what is known as pattern I, which comprises building of brood masses, oviposition of a single egg in each brood mass, development of three larval instars, construction of a pupation chamber, pupal stage and adult emergence. Both sexes were involved in the handling of dung, tunnel construction, and mass nest elaboration. Pairs built from one to seven brood masses. The pre-nesting period (feeding) lasted 16 days; the egg stage two days, the larval period 22 days; the pupal period 11 days and the imagoes four days, after which the adults emerged. Our results are discussed and compared with other species in the genus. However, our knowledge of this dung beetle is still limited, and further studies are required in all areas of its biology.
Angiosperm wood from the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian) of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Jud Nathan A. , Wheeler Elisabeth A. , Rothwell Gar W. , Stockey Ruth A.
Published: March 2017

Fossil angiosperm wood was collected from shallow marine deposits in the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian) Comox Formation on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The largest specimen is a log at least 2 m long and 38 cm in diameter. Thin sections from a sample of this log reveal diffuseporous wood with indistinct growth rings and anatomy similar toParaphyllanthoxylon. Occasional idioblasts with dark contents in the rays distinguish this wood from previously knownParaphyllanthoxylonspecies and suggest affinity with Lauraceae. The log also includes galleries filled with dry-wood termite coprolites. This trunk reveals the presence of tree-sized angiosperms in what is now British Columbia, and the association of dry-wood termites with angiosperm woods by the Coniacian (89 Ma). To understand the significance of this discovery, we reviewed the record of Cretaceous woods from North America. Our analysis of the distribution of fossil wood occurrences from Cretaceous deposits supports the conclusion that there was a strong latitudinal gradient in both the size and distribution of angiosperm trees during the Late Cretaceous, with no reports of Cretaceous angiosperm trees north of 50°N paleo-latitude in North America. The rarity of angiosperm wood in the Cretaceous has long been used to support the idea that flowering plants were generally of low-stature for much of the Cretaceous; however, large-stature trees withParaphyllanthoxylon-like wood anatomy were widespread at lower–middle paleo-latitudes at least in North America during the Late Cretaceous. Thus, the presence of a largeParaphyllanthoxylonlog in the Comox Formation suggests that Vancouver Island has moved significantly northward since the Coniacian as indicated by other geological and paleobotanical studies.
Decentralization and Localization of Production
Authors: Ben-Ner Avner , Siemsen Enno
Published: March 2017

The future organizational landscape may change drastically by mid-century as a result of widespread implementation of 3D printing. This article argues that global will turn local; mega (factories, ships, malls) will become mini; long supply chains will shrink; many jobs will be broadened to combine design, consulting, sales, and production roles; and large organizations will make room for smaller ones. “A once-shuttered warehouse is now a state-of-the art lab where new workers are mastering the 3D printing that has the potential to revolutionize the way we make almost everything.” [President Obama, State of the Union Address, 2013].
Healthcare professionals’ perspectives on a mental health educational campaign for the public
Authors: Pawluk Shane Ashley , Zolezzi Monica
Published: March 2017

Objective:

To explore barriers and facilitators in implementing an educational campaign in mental health for the public in Qatar.

Design:

Qualitative study.

Setting:

Healthcare facilities across Qatar were used as the setting.

Methods:

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 healthcare providers from a variety of professions, including physicians, pharmacists, nurses, dietitians, psychologists and administrators.

Results:

Findings indicate that these healthcare providers support the concept of public mental health education but feel that several factors need to be considered before any educational campaign is undertaken. A public mental health education campaign should target improving the public’s mental health literacy as well as describing appropriate pathways to mental health care. Health care providers believe such educational campaigns should be started in schools so that mental health awareness can have a positive influence from a young age. The social media were viewed as a suitable platform to deliver positive messages relating to mental health to the public. Any educational campaign in mental health should consider the cultural context with which it is being delivered. In conclusion, healthcare providers appeared to have similar views on the importance of public mental health education but differed in their opinions of the challenges faced.

Conclusion:

Consideration of the message intended and how it is delivered should be addressed as part of a successful public mental health educational campaign.
The Form and Flow of Teaching Ethnographic Knowledge: Hands-on Approaches for Learning Epistemology
Authors: Corte Ugo , Irwin Katherine
Published: March 2017

A glance across ethnographic methods terrain reveals multiple controversies and divisive critiques. When training graduate students, these debates and controversies can be consequential. We offer suggestions for teaching graduate ethnographic methods courses that, first, help students understand some of the common epistemological debates in the field and, second, provide them with hands-on activities to practice working within different knowledge traditions. Our ultimate goal is to offer graduate students a way to think productively about some common differences and controversies in the field. We formulate a metaphor that we call “form and flow,” and we see the first (or “tough-minded,” normal, and traditional approaches) and the latter (or tender-minded and disruptive styles) as patterns or movements within and across ethnographic traditions. Once students can grasp the different claims in these approaches and practice working within these traditions, we argue that they can become better prepared for their place in a diverse discipline.
Poly(acrylamide co-acrylic acid) for use as an in situ gelling vitreous substitute
Authors: Davis Joshua T , Hamilton Paul D , Ravi Nathan
Published: March 2017

Our objective is to improve on our previous work developing thiol-containing water-soluble copolyacrylamides that form hydrogels in situ for use as vitreous substitutes. In this study, we evaluate the incorporation of acrylic acid by varying the feed ratio of acrylic acid monomer from 0 to 40 mol% in combination with acrylamide, and bis-acryloylcystamine as the reversible cross-linker. After polymerization, the formed copolymer hydrogels were reduced with dithiothreitol to cleave the disulfide cross-linkers. Purified, lyophilized copolymers were made in a concentration range of 12.5–17.5 mg/mL (polymer in deionized water) and were gelled by oxidation. Chemical, physical, optical, and rheological characterizations along with in vitro biocompatibility studies were performed using thiazolyl blue and Electric Cell–substrate Impedance Sensing. Increasing the percentage of acrylic acid caused the polymer to gel at 12.5 mg/mL as opposed to 20 mg/mL without acrylic acid. Storage modulus values covered the range of natural vitreous (1–108 Pa). Biocompatibility testing in tissue culture with retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) showed no toxicity at 10 mg/mL or less when compared to controls, higher concentrations. In contrast to our previously reported copolyacrylamide hydrogels, these hydrogels remain optically clear and gel at lower concentrations and have the potential for use as vitreous substitutes.
Drug-loaded poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres as treatment for allergic contact dermatitis in mice model
Authors: Shi Chen , Liu Ping , He Yu , Liu Yongwei , Feng Xiaobo , Fu Dehao
Published: March 2017

Allergic contact dermatitis is a common skin disease and the current treatment always along with frequent medication and side effect. In this research, poly(d,l-lactide- co-glycolide) microspheres encapsulating tacrolimus are first employed as a therapy of allergic contact dermatitis in mice model by subcutaneous injection. Allergic contact dermatitis is successfully induced in BALB/c mice by repeated painting of dinitrofluorobenzene on mice ear. Tacrolimus is efficiently encapsulated into poly(d,l-lactide- co-glycolide) microspheres by emulsion evaporation method, and then the microspheres are subcutaneously injected into dermatitis-suffered BALB/c mice. We find that the dermatitis mice treated with tacrolimus-loaded microspheres get a sustained suppression on ear swelling, dermatitis index, inflammatory cell accumulation, and serum immunoglobulin E concentration. The curative effect of tacrolimus-loaded microspheres is similar to daily tacrolimus injection and is even better in the inhibition of ear swelling. Dermatitis mice treated with blank microspheres get no curative effect during the whole experiment. The data suggest that subcutaneous injection of drug-loaded microspheres could be a potential candidate for the management of allergic contact dermatitis.
The Syrian Refugee Crisis
Authors: Almontaser Esmihan , Baumann Steven L.
Published: March 2017

The civil war in Syria that began in 2011 has displaced millions of Syrians of all ages. While the number that have arrived in the United States is small in comparison to many other countries, it is important that nurses and other healthcare workers here understand that many of them have faced considerable trauma and endured stresses. Most of them are Muslims. Muslims in the United States and elsewhere represent a heterogeneous group of people with a long intellectual and cultural history. Islamic cultural patterns do pose unique barriers to a primarily Anglo-Saxon medical system that medical practitioners need to consider in order to avoid misunderstanding and provide culturally sensitive care. The authors discuss the Syrian refugee crisis and the experience of being a Muslim or Arab American patient in U.S. healthcare settings.
Ethics With Mentoring
Authors: Milton Constance L.
Published: March 2017

The concept of mentoring is a phenomenon critical to teaching-learning in coming to know in the performing art of leadership. The author of this article discusses the mentoring relationship from an alternative view through the humanbecoming lens of understanding. Possibilities of ethical nurse practice with the art of mentoring from the humanbecoming perspective are illuminated.
‘Doing the brand’: aesthetic labour as situated, relational performance in fashion retail
Authors: Cutcher Leanne , Achtel Pamela
Published: March 2017

This article explores how company requirements to consume and perform the brand impact on the attachment fashion retail employees have to the brand. The research finds that over time some workers’ attachment to the brand grew, whereas for others it diminished. To explain these differences, the article develops the idea of aesthetic labour as a ‘situated relational performance’. Attachment to the brand was mediated by both the ‘situated circuit of activity’ in which the work was performed, incorporating the brand strategy, the clothes and the store layout. It was also mediated by the sense of distinction generated through a performance of a body for others.
Predictors of Medication Adherence in the Elderly: The Role of Mental Health
Authors: Rodgers Jo E. , Thudium Emily M. , Beyhaghi Hadi , Sueta Carla A. , Alburikan Khalid A. , Kucharska-Newton Anna M. , Chang Patricia P. , Stearns Sally C.
Published: March 2017

The aging population routinely has comorbid conditions requiring complicated medication regimens, yet nonadherence can preclude optimal outcomes. This study explored the association of adherence in the elderly with demographic, socioeconomic, and disease burden measures. Data were from the fifth visit (2011-2013) for 6,538 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, conducted in four communities. The Morisky–Green–Levine Scale measured self-reported adherence. Forty percent of respondents indicated some nonadherence, primarily due to poor memory. Logit regression showed, surprisingly, that persons with low reading ability were more likely to report being adherent. Better self-reported physical or mental health both predicted better adherence, but the magnitude of the association was greater for mental than for physical health. Compared with persons with normal or severely impaired cognition, mild cognitive impairment was associated with lower adherence. Attention to mental health measures in clinical settings could provide opportunities for improving medication adherence.
Thermal efficiency of a dual-mode turbulent jet ignition engine under lean and near-stoichiometric operation
Authors: Vedula Ravi Teja , Song Ruitao , Stuecken Thomas , Zhu Guoming G , Schock Harold
Published: March 2017

Turbulent jet ignition is a combustion technology that can offer higher thermal efficiency compared to the homogeneous spark ignition engines. A potential combustion-related challenge with turbulent jet ignition is the pre-chamber misfiring due to improperly scavenged combustion residuals and maintaining the mixture composition there. Dual-mode turbulent jet ignition is a novel combustion technology developed to address the aforementioned issues. The dual-mode turbulent jet ignition is an engine combustion technology wherein an auxiliary air supply apart from an auxiliary fuel injection is provided into the pre-chamber. This technology can offer enhanced stoichiometry control and combustion stability in the pre-chamber and subsequently combustion control in the main chamber. In this work, engine testing of a single-cylinder dual-mode turbulent jet ignition engine having a compression ratio of 12.0 was completed with liquid gasoline and the indicated thermal efficiency was measured. High-speed pressure recordings were used to compare and analyze different operating conditions. Coefficient of variation in the indicated mean effective pressure and the global air/fuel equivalence ratio values were used to characterize the engine operation. Lean operating conditions for a global air/fuel equivalence ratio of 1.85 showed an indicated efficiency of 46.8% ± 0.5% at 1500 r/min and 6.0 bar indicated mean effective pressure. In addition, the combustion stability of this engine was tested with nitrogen dilution. The nitrogen diluent fraction was controlled by monitoring the intake oxygen fraction. The dual-mode turbulent jet ignition engine of compression ratio 12.0 delivered an indicated efficiency of 46.6% ± 0.5% under near-stoichiometric operation at 1500 r/min and 7.7 bar indicated mean effective pressure with a coefficient of variation in indicated mean effective pressure of less than 2% for all conditions tested.
Message Received: African American Women and Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: Passmore Susan Racine , Williams-Parry Kester F. , Casper Erica , Thomas Stephen B.
Published: March 2017

African American women are more likely than other women to be diagnosed with breast cancer at a young age, to be diagnosed at a late stage, and to die from the disease. Yet we see evidence of irregular screening and follow-up. Previous research on psychosocial factors influencing decisions to screen reveals barriers: fear, fatalistic perceptions of cancer, inaccurate perceptions of risk, and associations with stigma. The current qualitative research with, largely, insured African American women ( n = 26), health navigators ( n = 6), and community stakeholders ( n = 24) indicates both positive and negative factors influencing decision making. The women in our sample believe in the value of early detection and are motivated to screen in response to encouragement from health providers. However, they also report several factors that contribute to their decisions to delay or not screen. These include (1) perceptions that the health community itself is confused about the need for screening, (2) perceptions that White women are the priority population for breast cancer, (3) family roles that prohibit self-care and encourage secrecy, and (4) fear of diagnosis. Participants report not feeling included in national-level health promotion campaigns. It is argued that African American women, in particular, may benefit from more nuanced health information about their risk.