bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF SUITABILITY TRANSFER OF SMART AGRICULTURE IN IRAQI AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
Authors: & Taha Naji
Published: April 2020

The current research was aimed to evaluation of suitability  the transfer of smart agriculture in Iraqi agricultural systems so. identifying weaknesses and reasons Identifying proposals for improvement. The input evaluation process consisted of four stages: First Stage: Determination of the set of criteria which the dissemination of the smart agriculture method should be made in the light.. Second Stage: Presentation of evaluation suitable criteria the transfer of the smart agriculture method in the agricultural systems of Iraq in its preliminary form to a group of experts . to express their opinion in the field and items of the proposed criteria and the required amendments for the purpose of finalizing those criteria. Third stage: Surveying of within the work area . Fourth stage: Compare between criteria and surveying , and Judgment .The research concluded that most evaluation suitable criteria are compatible with the transfer of smart agriculture in Iraqi agricultural systems as being partially applied.
MINERAL NUTRIENT STATUS OF SOME MEDITERRANEAN BARLEY VARIETIES AS AFFECTED BY DROUGHT STRESS IN EGYPT
Authors: & et al. Hellal
Published: April 2020

Field experiment was carried out at the experimental research station of Nubaria, representing the newly reclaimed sandy loam soils of Egypt. The study was done to evaluate the nutrient status of barley varieties (Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian and Morocco) grown under normal (75% water holding capacity=WHC) and stress condition (40% WHC). Results indicated that the Egyptian variety El-Arish scored the highest values of N% under normal and drought stress condition and Giza 127 for P and Giza 123 for K in same sequence. The lowest values of N, P and Ca content observed with Giza 2000 variety. As for the Tunisian varieties, the lowest reduction percentage was attained at Raihane (9.38%, 3.54% and 3.62%) for N, K and Ca, respectively. Algerian barley varieties, N in Naïlia/Techedrett, P in Temacine/Ksar Megrine, K in Ras El-Mouche/Temacine, Ca in Saida/Ksar Megrine, got the highest and lowest values under normal and stress conditions, respectively. Morocco varieties, lowest values of N, P, K and Ca were recorded for Massine, Taffa and Amalou under water stress condition. The highest and lowest value of Fe, Zn and Mn were recorded for barley varieties Giza 2000, Giza 131 and Giza 127, respectively. Results concluded that the Egyptian varieties (Giza 127, Giza131, Giza 2000), Tunisian varieties (Kebili-3 and Tozeur-2), Algerian varieties (Techedrett, Naïlia) and Morocco varieties (Laanaceur, Amira) registered the lowest reduction percentage in nutrient content indicating their tolerance to sustain its productivity under water stress condition.
UTILIZING BIOTECHNOLOGY TOOLS FOR SILECTING SALT TOLERANT ROOTSTOCK OF PEACH HASSAWI
Authors: & Alturki Shehata
Published: April 2020

This study was carried out with an aim of evaluation of performance of Hassawi peach rootstocks and testing their variance towards salinity stress thus to find out a quick effective modern technique for their reculture and re-propagation again in the region. Eight different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) that represent progressive gradual levels of salinity were used to investigate tolerability of the explants towards variant levels of salinity stress. Thus to evaluate the performance of these Hassawi peach rootstocks (peach, plum ]ghwj[, and almond). Date and results declared the general superiority of bitter almond to the other rootstocks, as it vitally survived and tolerated salinity to 3500 ppm NaCl, followed by peach that tolerated salinity to 2500 ppm, and eventually ghwj that just survived with maximum tolerance of 2000 ppm of NaCl. The study recommends to count on bitter almond as a salinity tolerant rootstock followed by peach for grafting Hassawi peach rootstocks for its regeneration again in Al-Ahsa oasis, and to exclude plum rootstock because of its low salinity tolerance besides its very low harmonization with peach that negatively affect grafting process.
QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF EPHIPIA MOINA MACROCOPA RESULTING FROM MATING USING TILAPIA FISH FECES SUSPENSION FEED
Authors: Mubarak & et al. Mubarak x
Published: April 2020

The needs of Artemia cysts in Indonesia currently reach ± ​​150 tons / year and all of them are from the imports, so it can become an obstacle in process of hatching fish and shrimp in the future. Increased Culture activities have an impact on increasing fisheries waste production, including fish feces. Fish feces have been proven to be used for the Culture of Moina macrocopa, but have not been tested for the production for ephipia M. macrocopa. This study aims to examine the use of fish aquaculture/feces as feed for the quality and quality of ephipia M. macrocopa. The treatment in this study was the concentration of suspension of tilapia feces 55 mg / L, 64 mg / L, and 73 mg / L and using rice bran suspension feed control 64 mg / L. The results of this study indicate that, the concentration of suspension of tilapia feces does not affect the production and hatching rate of ephipia M. macrocopa. M. macrocopa which was cultured with suspension of tilapia feces produced epiphia production and with a lower hatching rate compared to M. macrocopa with rice bran suspension feed.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PATHOGENICITY BETWEEN ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS AND PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM IN MICE
Authors: Yassein S. N.
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted to compare between two types of opportunistic fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium chrysogenum) in concerning their pathogenicity after intraperitoneal inoculation of mice. A total of twenty four male albino mice were used in this study which divided equally into 3 groups, The first and second groups were inoculated with 0.2ml of 1x 107spores/ml of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum  intraperitonially respectively, while the third group was inoculated with normal saline which served as control group. All animals were monitored for 2 weeks after infection. The blood samples were collected by heart puncture after 18 days post infection to isolate of serum that used for biochemical analysis of liver and kidney functions. After that, all animals were sacrificed. Some internal organs of infected groups (liver, kidney, intestine, heart, spleen and lung) were taken to study the histopathological changes. It was found that there was severe histopathological changes in studied organs of infected mice particularly liver, kidney, spleen and intestine which corresponding with significant variation (p<0.01) in enzyme activities of liver and kidney like (Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Urea and Creatinine). Also, It was found that P. chrysogenum had more impact on these enzymes (15.65 ± 0.78, 135.23 ± 8.75 and 0.928 ± 0.02 respectively) than A. fumigatus (21.70 ± 1.04, 57.91 ± 5.99 and 0.587 ± 0.03 respectively). Therefore, the present study indicated that fungi present in the environment can induce severe inflammation reach to tissue damage in most vital internal organs So, further studies should be performed to determine the specific virulence factors and active components, which are responsible for pathogenesis of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum in spite of the fact that P. chrysogenum can produce antibiotic.
THE EFFECT OF TERMITES EXTRACT ON INHIBITION OF GROWTH OF SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND SYNTHESIS OF BIOFILM
Authors: & et al. Saleh
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to extract the effective material from the dry nests of termites and detect its antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacterial isolates and inhibit synthesis of its biofilm. Termites dry nests were collected and the effective material was extracted then the antibacterial activity was detected using the disc diffusion assay. Results were showed that the extract have antibacterial material from the Termites dry nests, this extract showed antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) at (21.5mm) and Gram negative bacteria ( Enterobacter sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) at (26 mm and 20 mm) respectively by inhibiting their growth, as well as its effect on biofilm production of pathogenic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in biofilm synthesis as the concentration of the extract increased.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF GALL-FORMING APHIDS TRIBE FORDINI (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE, ERIOSOMATINAE) ON PISTACIA TREES FROM KURDISTAN REGION NORTH OF IRAQ
Authors: & et al. Ali
Published: April 2020

Four aphid species belonging to the Tribe Fordini (Homoptera, Aphididae,  Eriosomatinae) induce galls on Pistacia trees in North Iraq (Kurdistan) were recorded in this study. Molecular phylogeny of Iraq Fordini species was constructed for These species (Forda riccobonii, Paracletus  cimiciformis, Baizongia pistaciae and Forda marginata), based on sequences of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI)  gene of these aphid species to detect  the relationship and taxonomy of  Iraqi species for tribe Fordini. Our results confirmed that each of Forda and Paracletus are a sister genus, or monophyletic group by designing in same clade, while B. pistaciae  is separate from other clades, supporting the taxonomic division of the tribe Fordini  into two subtribes (Fordina and Baizongina).
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF ASTROVIRUS USING REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TECHNIQUE
Authors: & et al. Fadhil
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to highlight the importance of the melt curve-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis in the detection of astrovirus (AstV) from both negative and positive rotavirus and enterovirus (EVs) samples, and the effectiveness of the AstV infection on the vaccine immunogenicity in the vaccinated infected children.  By RT-qPCR based Sybre green associated- melting curve assay, stool samples of 49 enterovirus suspected patients and of 39 rotavirus suspected patients were tested for AstV. Results of EVs group showed a 29 (59.2%) positive AstV contributed to 26 (89.5%) co-infection with Evs and 3 (10.3%) as a single infection in negative samples for Evs. Furthermore, AstV co-infection percentage is higher than the single infection. Moreover, the percentage of the Astrovirus among the vaccinated AFP-suspected cases was 53%, while the percentage of these viruses among the unvaccinated was 100%. Thus, MamAstrovirus- 1 MK948878 is the first local isolate recorded in the Genbank. In conclusion, the RT-qPCR based on SYBR Green showed the rapid and efficient detection of AstV with few copies number. This allow to be used for the diagnosis of AstV along with other gastroenteritis viruses in a multiplex assay to reduce processing time.
ECO-FRIENDLY SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY USING GREEN METHOD: IMPROVED INTERACTION AND APPLICATION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO.
Authors: & Hayder Atwan
Published: April 2020

The present study was aimed to biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by using rhaminolipid produced from local isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa as reducing and stabilizing agent. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by green method have shown several applications such as biomedical, anticancer, bio sensing, catalysis etc. Characterization study of purified bioemulsifier using thin layer chromatography (TLC) was demonstrated that the biosurfactant contains mono, and di- rhamnolipid with Rf values of 0.86 and 0.36 respectively. Optimization results of biosynthesis silver nanoparticles were revealed that an increasing in intensity of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) bands of nanoparticles with shifting at wavelength (400 nm). Also optimum synthesis of AgNPs was at pH 5, Temperature 40℃, reaction time 5 minutes with concentration of rhaminolipid as reducing agents (2×10-3w/v) and Silver ion concentration (6×10-3 mol/L).  The result of X-ray diffraction was indicated that the size of silver nanoparticles observed was 38 nm and show relatively stable peak at -23.2 mV. Finally, the minimum inhibitory concentration of Ag NPs against human pathogenic bacteria obtained at concentration (1mg/ml) for both gram negative and gram-positive bacteria. The results of anti-inflammatory effects of Ag NPs obviously, cleared that the infection of test animals treated with AgNPs were completely healed after 6 days of treatment, while the animals treated with fucidin (as control) not exhibited any healing in the infection.
PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES COMPOSITION AND BIODIVERSITY INDICES IN AUDA MARSH- SOUTHERN IRAQ
Authors: & et al. Albueajee
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the trophic status of the marshes by phytoplankton diversity. The Phytoplankton community and four biodiversity indices were studied in Auda marsh southern Iraq in the period between January 2018 to January 2019. A total of 146 species were identified belonging to 8 classes as follows: Bacillariophyceae (85 taxa), Euglenophyceae (26 taxa), Cyanophyceae (16 taxa), Chlorophyceae (11 taxa), Mediophyceae (3 taxa), Coscinodiscophyceae (2 taxa), Conjugatophyceae (1 taxa), Trebouxiophyceae (1 taxa), and  Dinophyceae (1 taxa). The most predominant diatom was Nitzschia (15 species), and followed by the other genera Phacus (11 species), Navicula  and Euglena (10 species). The Shannon-Weiner diversity, Richness index  and Evenness index  were recorded a low value in wet 2019 and a high values in wet  (for Shannon Weiner and Evenness indices)  and dry  ( for Weiner and Evenness indices) 2018.  The Jaccard index showed equal similarity between study sites, while the highest seasonal similarity was recorded between wet and dry 2018 and lowest similarity was between wet2018 and wet2019. According to the biodiversity indices Auda marsh has high diversity. The results revealed that Auda marsh is mesotrophic according to phytoplankton species composition.
EFFECT OF HEPARIN, ESTROGEN ON EPIDIDYMAL SPERM CAPACITATION AND IN VITRO FERTILIZATION IN IRAQI SHEEP
Authors: & Saleh Ali
Published: April 2020

This study was designed to study the capacitation of caudal spermatozoa in vitro by different levels of heparin, estrogen for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the Iraqi local sheep. Results of sperm capcitation (massive motility percentage) by applying three levels of heparin (50, 100, 150) IU in relation to breeding season showed no significant differences during breeding season with the three levels, which were (82.23 ± 0.58), While results by applying the higher level of heparin (150) IU out of breeding season showed significantly (P<0.05) more and active motility Which were (62.07 ± 0.62) than the other levels (56.85 ± 0.61). At the same time applications result of three estrogen levels (20, 40, 60) mg on sperm capcitation showed Positive relationship between concentrations and (massive motility percentage), which showed the highest concentration gave the best results during and out of breeding season (87.20 ± 0.60) and (65.86 ± 0.62) respectively. with significant differences (P<0.05) between the three levels. While the results of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) index which reflected the sperm capcitation were recorded with the highest estrogen concentration during breeding season (22.70 %) compared with the best heparin level (20 %) while she was (10.45 %), (8.70 %) out of breeding season Sequentially, in which the highest estrogen concentration gives a best capacitation and IVF index level compared with the high heparin level over the year.
ESTIMATION OF PROFIT FUNCTION OF WHEAT CROP IN DHI QAR PROVINCE
Authors: &et al. Barbaz
Published: April 2020

This research aims to study the most important factors affecting profit function. Cross sectional data were used in the light of a random sample of 130 farmers in Dhi Qar province. The results showed that the proportion of costs of production inputs amounted to 73% of the total production costs. Also, profit function showed that the amount of output has a significant impact on profit compared to other independent variables since value of the parameter of the quantity of production amounted to about 308879 and was significant at the level of 1% according to t-test. The coefficient determination of about 93% for the equation estimated with OLS. However, heteroscedasticity was obvious according to the White Test. So the model was estimated using robust regression method to avoid this problem, but that led to a decrease in R2 to about 69%. The research recommended the need to increase the rates of production growth and productivity through an organized agricultural economic policy that links the policy of supporting input requirements, both in terms of reducing prices or providing quantity and quality, especially fertilizers and seeds in conjunction with the policy of supporting prices of output. Also, research recommended encouraging farmers to expand wheat crop cultivation in the province of Dhi Qar by increasing the cultivated areas.
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF UREC, HPMA, RSBA AND MRPA GENES OF PROTEUS MIRABILIS URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN PATIENT WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: & AL-Hashimy AL-Hamdani
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to detect of four important virulence genes (UreC, HpmA, rsbA and mrpA) from Proteus mirabilis bacteria isolated and do the important four blood test (ACPA, RF, ESR, CRP) for patient with urinary tract infection and rheumatoid arthritis in Baghdad/Iraq. Fifty (50) clinical urine samples were collected and cultured on blood agar and macckongy agar. Ten of the samples were identified as P.mirabilis and the automated system VITEK 2 used to complete the identification. Molecular methods using PCR technique targeting UreC, HpmA, rsbA and mrpA genes, using PCR technique and the results were UreC found in 90% of the samples, HpmA 90%, rsbA 100% and mrpA 80%. The P. mirabilis samples were also characterized for antibiotic resistance and the result showed that the majority of samples were show high resistant to Cefotaxime 90%, while the highest susceptibility was against Impenem antibiotic 70%.
CityLearn: Diverse Real-World Environments for Sample-Efficient Navigation Policy Learning
Authors: Chancán Marvin
Published: April 2020

Visual navigation tasks in real-world environments often require both self-motion and place recognition feedback. While deep reinforcement learning has shown success in solving these perception and decision-making problems in an end-to-end manner, these algorithms require large amounts of experience to learn navigation policies from high-dimensional data, which is generally impractical for real robots due to sample complexity. In this paper, we address these problems with two main contributions. We first leverage place recognition and deep learning techniques combined with goal destination feedback to generate compact, bimodal image representations that can then be used to effectively learn control policies from a small amount of experience. Second, we present an interactive framework, CityLearn, that enables for the first time training and deployment of navigation algorithms across city-sized, realistic environments with extreme visual appearance changes. CityLearn features more than 10 benchmark datasets, often used in visual place recognition and autonomous driving research, including over 100 recorded traversals across 60 cities around the world. We evaluate our approach on two CityLearn environments, training our navigation policy on a single traversal. Results show our method can be over 2 orders of magnitude faster than when using raw images, and can also generalize across extreme visual changes including day to night and summer to winter transitions.
How to prevent lesions and diseases related with the music study.
Authors: Ferràs-Tarragó Joan
Published: April 2020

In this book we try to explain how must we study music in a suistanable way, that's to say: how can we study now to be able to study tomorrow too. The prevention of the diseases and lesions related with the music study can be avoided, and this book teaches about it.
Science of Music
Authors: Ferràs-Tarragó Joan
Published: April 2020

This book develops a new way to understand how the music is produced and how it must be trained. We try to explain everything from another point of view in order to realize that we can study music in a reliable way, throwing away all the miths and all the ideas that cannot be clearly defined, and consequently, the ideas that cannot be explained of the process of studying music.
Databases for Physicians and Medical Students
Authors: Ferràs-Tarragó Joan
Published: April 2020

This book is dedicated for all the medical students and physicians that want to learn how to use one of the most available and easy-to-use database in their daily live.
ArtroTrainer Course
Authors: Ferràs-Tarragó Joan
Published: April 2020

This book contains all the methodology and exercises of the first arthroscopy model 3D printed. It includes the explanation of all the exercises and the objectives described for each exercise.
What I must know in my first day in the Trauma Emergency Department
Authors: Ortega-Yago Amparo , Jover-Jorge Nadia , Miranda-Gómez Ignacio
Published: April 2020

In this brief book we try to explain, simply and directly all the concepts that you must manage during your first day in the Traumatology Emergency Department. The aim is to help you to survive during your first 24 hours in this department, are you ready?
The Development of Poland’s Air Defense System: The Operational Context
Authors: CIEŚLAK Eugeniusz
Published: April 2020

The article discusses operational context for the development of Poland's air defense system. The assessment focuses on air defense operations in high intensity conflict. Recommendations include setting a realistic level of ambition in the field of air defense and increasing operational capabilities through modernization of its combat assets. The priority proposed for Poland’s air defense system is to introduce a new generation of short range surface to air missile systems and then to develop medium range air and missile defense capabilities.
THE Selected Aspects of Contemporary Air Threats
Authors: Kulik Tomasz
Published: April 2020

One of the factors affecting the security of a state is air threats. Their nature often exerts a negative impact on both the functioning of the state and using airspace. The purpose of this article is to define the term of air threats and characterize contemporary air threats, illustrated with numerous examples. The scientific deliberations lead to outlining possible development trends in this respect, in relation to technological progress. The article ends with several concluding statements with regard to an analysis of prospective air threats. It also shows possible development trends in the discussed matter. The final part of the article is devoted to conclusions regarding the transformation of contemporary air threats.
The e Integrated Military Information System of the Ministry of National Defense in the Aviation School Airbase
Authors: Bogusz Dariusz
Published: April 2020

This article describes the Integrated Military Information System (IMIS), which is being gradually introduced in the Ministry of National Defense.  The modern IMIS system is intended to form the foundations of effective management of the Air Force logistics. At present, military units often have to carry out their tasks in a coalition or allied environment and the integrated information system is a key to ensuring a successful outcome of these activities.

This author also focus on airbase tasks on the example of 42  Aviation School Airbase in Radom. The article also describes the implementation effects of IMIS on enhanced functioning of the airbase logistics in this process.
Determination of Prominent Representations of Domestic Products Advertisements in Kass TV on to Kipsigis Consumer in Belgut Sub-County, Kericho, Kenya
Authors: Chepchirchir Judith
Published: April 2020

Commercial advertising is part and parcel of our day to day lives which bears vast meanings, thus drawing a great discussion. This study, therefore, intended to study television (TV) advertisements. Television advertisements come in both visual and verbal modes of communication. Meaning is achieved by sounds and images which in turn influence the viewers’ choice. This study sought to investigate how adverts in Kass TV use music, textual and visual images to create meaning and its influence on Kipsigis consumers. The objective of this study was to: determine the prominent representations of domestic products by Kass TV to Kipsigis consumer in Belgut sub-county, Kericho, Kenya. To establish if the prominent representations of domestic products in Kass TV influence consumer choice within Belgut sub-county and to evaluate the extent to which the prominent representations of domestic products reflect the socio-cultural context of Kenya as far as Belgut Sub-County is considered. The study used Kress and van Leeuwen’s Multimodal Discourse Analysis theory, the theory of semiotics and information processing theory. ‘Multimodality’ typically refers to the use of both verbal and non-verbal modes of communication. This study, therefore, analysed the verbal and visual modes of communication in TV advertisements in order to determine their influence on Kipsigis consumers. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The target population was Kass TV viewers in Belgut sub-county because it is among the Kass TV coverage areas and also due to the fact that a wide population in the sub-county is Kipsigis speakers. Simple random sampling was used to identify the respondents. A structured questionnaire which was self-administered to the Kass TV viewers and buyers of the advertised domestic products was used. 186 respondents were sampled. Data was analysed using content analysis with the use of Frith’s table for analysis of layers of meanings (surface meaning, advertiser’s intended meaning and cultural meaning) by employing descriptive statistics. The study was aimed at contributing to the studies of Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) since it sought to analyse how information is presented in Kass TV advertisement of domestic products. It also aimed at shedding more light on letting consumers be aware of the multiple modes that TV producers of television advertisement use to influence their buying behaviour. Television adverts were found to blend visual and verbal modes of communication.
The Evolution of GSM Technologies into 5G and the Imminent Emergence of Transformative Telemedicine Applications: A Review
Authors: Amuomo Nixon Ochieng
Published: April 2020

Telemedicine is the delivery of health care services over a distance by health care providers using electronic technologies for the diagnosis, information exchange, treatment and disease prevention, injuries prevention, research and evaluation, and for continuing education for the health care provider. Telemedicine has been in existence since the 1960s, through telephone and video technologies. Over several decades, wireless broadband technology has become better with advancement with internet speed becoming almost ubiquitous. According to a telemedicine study by World Health Organization, 114 countries, that is, (59%) of member states, revealed that teleradiology has the highest rate of established service provision globally at (33%).  Close to 70% of the countries indicated the need to know the cost and cost-effectiveness of telemedicine solutions, and above 50% needed to know about the infrastructure needed for telemedicine implementation while 60% needed clarification on clinical uses. With the evolution of Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communication services into 5G, it is the objective of this study to demonstrate how a combination of faster communication at lower latencies can be used to provide clinical support that overcomes geographical barriers using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), with a goal of transforming healthcare service provision. A resultant prototype telemedicine application capable of medical diagnosis using artificial intelligence techniques demonstrates with the highest accuracy at 93.68% match. The medical similarity index of pathogens is captured from digital sources such as USB microscopes and scanners as medical images or specimens.
Da “tragédia dos comuns” à ecologia política:
Authors: Cunha Luis Henrique
Published: April 2020

Desde a publicação do influente e contestado artigo de Garret Hardin, The tragedy of the commons, em 1968, diferentes perspectivas analíticas, gestadas num profícuo e crítico diálogo entre pesquisadores de todos os continentes e de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, têm sido desenvolvidas para analisar as complexas interações entre populações e suas instituições e os recursos naturais manejados coletivamente. Este artigo apresenta alguns temas centrais neste debate – regimes de propriedade e outros arranjos institucionais; os dilemas da ação coletiva e a teoria dos recursos comuns, analisados a partir das contribuições da ecologia política, na tentativa de articular elementos teóricos que orientem pesquisas sobre as iniciativas de manejo de recursos naturais empreendidas por comunidades tradicionais no Brasil.
Justiça local nas reservas extrativistas
Authors: Almeida Mauro W. Barbosa de , Pantoja Mariana Ciavatta
Published: April 2020

As Reservas Extrativistas, a partir de meados da década de 80, foram propostas como estratégias para a reforma agrária no Brasil. Tal proposta tomava como base concreta as áreas familiares apropriadas para a extração vegetal, definindo-as como unidades indivisas do território da União, cuja concessão de uso era dada a associações populares, juntamente com a autogestão do território. Este artigo discute a questão da justiça na distribuição social desses recursos, focalizando os critérios adotados pelos seringueiros para distribuí-los entre as populações envolvidas. Discutimos ainda noções de direitos sobre recursos naturais e sobre recursos comuns, em regiões remotas, com base na experiência de implantação da Reserva Extrativista, neste caso, especificamente, do Alto Juruá.
Gestão participativa e a atividade de caça na Reserva Extrativista do Tapajós – Arapiuns, Santarém, PA
Authors: Oliveira Ana Cristina Mendes de , Carvalho Junior Oswaldo de , Chaves Rose
Published: April 2020

As reservas extrativistas (Resex) têm sido tratadas como espaços privilegiados para a implementação da gestão participativa de recur- sos naturais na Amazônia. Na Resex do Tapajós-Arapiuns, criada em 1999, os moradores foram chamados para participar no processo de elaboração de planos de manejo de recursos naturais específicos. Neste contexto, o manejo da atividade de caça aparece como uma das principais demandas das comunidades da reserva. Em algumas comunidades, a caça é uma das poucas fontes de proteína e gordura animal disponíveis para a população. Este trabalho apresenta a caracterização da atividade de caça em 09 (nove) comunidades da reserva, pesquisa que se desdobrará, em 04 (quatro) comunidades, no monitoramento da atividade de caça e na quantificação da disponibilidade de animais de caça nas áreas de florestas utilizadas pelos comunitários. Por meio deste estudo, pretende-se contribuir com a elaboração do plano de manejo de caça da Resex.
Gestão de espaços de uso comum e manejo participativo:
Authors: Luna Marisa Barbosa Araujo
Published: April 2020

Este artigo analisa o processo de construção das práticas de manejo de recursos naturais resultantes da articulação entre as regras costumeiras, as instituições formais e a ação de diferentes atores sociais, a partir da experiência de gestão compartilhada entre o po- der público e os moradores da Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá, no estado do Acre, Brasil.
O mundo das águas e seus laços de pertencimento
Authors: Ramalho Cristiano
Published: April 2020

Este texto discute as práticas tradicionais de pertencimento existentes entre pescadores artesanais embarcados, como formas de uso comum e particular do território aquático que se articulam e que são organizadas pelos mestres de pescaria. Para tanto, focalizo, a partir de uma abordagem comparativa, modo de vida de pescadores que voltam sua atividade produtiva para ambientes naturais distintos no estado de Pernambuco (uma comunidade marítima no litoral sul – Suape – e outra estuarina na costa norte – Itapissuma).
Representações de comunidades tradicionais:
Authors: Borges Janice Rodrigues Placeres , Chaudrhy Fazal Hussain , Ferreira Filho Pedro
Published: April 2020

O Pantanal e as comunidades tradicionais, que o habitam, vêm sofrendo, nas últimas décadas, os impactos das atividades econômi- cas desenvolvidas no planalto e na planície pantaneira. O objetivo deste trabalho é dar voz às essas comunidades, por meio de um estudo da percepção, que possuem, a respeito dos usos múltiplos da água, do processo decisório e dos impactos sociais, econômicos e ambientais que serão ocasionados com a implantação do projeto de revitalização da via fluvial Paraguai-Paraná. Desta forma, é reconhecido o estudo das percepções/representações sociais como um instrumento fornecedor de valiosos subsídios para o sucesso da gestão e planejamento hídrico na região pantaneira.
Olhares sobre o “rural” brasileiro
Authors: Wanderley Maria de Nazareth Baudel
Published: April 2020

No Brasil, as profundas transformações resultantes dos processos sociais mais globais – urbanização, industrialização, moderniza- ção da agricultura – não se traduziram por nenhuma “uniformização” da sociedade, que provocasse o fim das particularidades dos espaços rurais e da população que neles vive. A modernização, em seu sentido amplo, redefine, sem anular, as questões referentes à relação campo/cidade, ao lugar do agricultor na sociedade, à importância social, cultural e política da sociedade local, etc. Tentando registrar as referidas particularidades históricas, interessa compreender os contornos e as especificidades atuais dos espaços rurais brasileiros, entendidos, ao mesmo tempo, como espaço físico (referência à ocupação do território e aos seus símbolos), lugar onde se vive (particularidades do modo de vida e referência identitária) e lugar de onde se vê e se vive o mundo (a cidadania do homem rural e sua inserção na sociedade nacional).
Território e abordagem territorial:
Authors: Schneider Sergio , Tartaruga Iván G. Peyré
Published: April 2020

As discussões recentes sobre o desenvolvimento rural têm procurado novos enfoques, especialmente para dar conta das questões re- lacionadas à sustentabilidade social e ambiental e à participação dos atores. Para incorporar estas novas dimensões, os estudiosos vêm propondo que o desenvolvimento rural passe a focalizar os territórios e suas dinâmicas. A partir desta preocupação surgem as abordagens territoriais do desenvolvimento rural, cuja preocupação passaria a ser a projeção espacial dos processos sob o ângulo das in- terações sociais, políticas, econômicas e institucionais. Este texto pretende discutir a incorporação do território ao debate do desenvolvimento rural e problematizar sua utilização como referência analítica.
Fundos rotativos: organização e desenvolvimento local no Semi-árido paraibano:
Authors: Duque Ghislaine , Sidersky Pablo , Oliveira Maria do Socorro de L.
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho pretende discutir – a partir de experiências e pesquisas realizadas na região semi-árida da Paraíba – a importância das iniciativas organizacionais para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar e sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento local. A discussão enfoca um aspecto particular: a relação entre iniciativas de ordem organizacional e as relações camponesas de reciprocidade Esta problemática se mostra extremamente relevante se considerarmos, por um lado, que as comunidades rurais do semi-árido nordestino são permeadas por laços sociais tradicionais de reciprocidade, solidariedade e confiança que constituem o alicerce de todo um processo de sociabilidade; e, por outro, a importância da organização para um desenvolvimento rural autônomo e sustentável. O artigo pretende mostrar como o resgate dessas relações tradicionais de reciprocidade pode, ao mesmo tempo, ancorar a organização numa tradição ainda viva, mas também enfraquecê-la na medida em que permanecem relações hierárquicas herdadas do passado.
Os significados da representação política nos discursos de militantes e líderes do MST:
Authors: Oliveira Iolanda Carvalho de , Guerra Lemuel Dourado
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo apresentamos uma análise das transformações nas estratégias de representação política do MST ao longo do período de 1986 a 2002, a partir do estudo do caso da região do Extremo Sul da Bahia, tendo como aporte teórico a teoria de campo político, de Pierre Bourdieu. A coleta de dados foi feita através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas com lideranças do MST, com militantes comuns e com pessoas de fora do movimento, habitantes da região do Extremo Sul da Bahia, no período de 2001-2002. Trechos selecionados dessas entrevistas são aqui comentados.
Las antropologias argentina y brasileña segun algunos testimonios:
Authors: Ratier Hugo E. , Guebel Claudia Fabiana
Published: April 2020

Partiendo del concepto de estilos de antropología, el artículo explora la posible existencia de estilos diferentes en la práctica antropológica de Argentina y Brasil. Lo hace a partir de una encuesta cualitativa efectuada a argentinos que estudiaron o trabajaron en Brasil. Se distinguen tres grupos: los pioneros, los exiliados y los posgraduandos, según la época y motivación de su traslado al país. La investigación sirvió de disparador para una serie de reflexiones sobre temas tales como la relación academia-política, profesor-alumno, las condiciones y formas de trabajo en ambos países, los aportes de argentinos y brasileños a las formas de hacer antropología y, por último, para preguntarnos sobre la posibilidad de conformar un estilo híbrido entre las dos antropologías nacionales.
Política industrial da Paraíba e as médias e pequenas empresas produtoras de calçados territorialmente dispersas
Authors: Moutinho Lúcia Maria Góes
Published: April 2020

No intuito de estender a cobertura das questões relativas ao alcance da política de desenvolvimento industrial da Paraíba, este estudo amplia o foco de análise sobre o setor de calçados, para além das fronteiras dos arranjos produtivos tradicionais de Patos, Campina Grande e João Pessoa. Desse modo, apresenta-se, como um estudo complementar, às pesquisas existentes, ao detalhar o que vem sendo, costumeiramente, excluído das amostras tradicionalmente estudadas. Além disso, o artigo atualiza, para 2003, as informações quantitativas e qualitativas sobre esse segmento couro-calçadista, através de uma pesquisa de campo que integra uma pesquisa maior “Arranjos Produtivos de Couro e Calçados na Paraíba” – SEBRAE/PROMOS/UFPB-2003. Os resultados obtidos apontam para as peculiaridades da produção que, em grande parte, resultou da política de atração de empresas para o Estado e para a interiorização dessa produção, visando à redução das disparidades desenvolvimentistas intra-estaduais. Ainda acrescenta considerações sobre as potencialidades e fragilidades da referida política com respeito à sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento almejado.
Design and Implementation of Smart Electrical Power Meter System
Authors: Rashid Mofeed
Published: April 2020

In recent years, increased importance of Smart Grid, which includes monitoring and control the consumption of customers of electric power. In this paper, Wireless Smart Electrical Power Meter has been designed and implemented which ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN) will be used for wireless electrical power meter communication supported by PIC microcontroller which used for power unit measurements. PIC microcontroller will be used for evaluating all electric power parameters at costumer side like Vrms, Irms, KWh, and PF, and then all these parameters will be send to base station through wireless network in order to be calibrated and monitored.
Image Hiding Using Variable Length Least Significant Bits Embedding
Authors: Jasim Abbas
Published: April 2020

In this work a new hiding system is proposed. It is based on Least Significant Bits (LSB) embedding of secrete image into another cover image.
The proposed hiding algorithm embeds the secrete image bits in the least significant bits of the cover image pixels such that the number of secrete image bits that are embedded in least significant bits of cover image pixel is variable and determined randomly. Such cover image pixel may contain no secrete information bit, one bit, two bits , or three bits according to the pseudo random number generator that generates integer numbers randomly between 0 and 3. The resulting image (the cover image within which the secret image is hidden) is called stego_image. Stego_image is closely related to the cover image and does not show any details of the secret information. It ensures that the eavedroppers will not have any suspicion that message bits are hidden in the image. The proposed system achieves perfect reconstruction of the secret message.
Combination of Optimal Conductor Selection and Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution Systems Using PSO Method
Authors: Legha Mahdi , Ostovar Farzaneh , Legha Mohammad
Published: April 2020

In This paper presents an approach for optimal placement and sizing of fixed capacitor banks and also optimal conductor selection in radial distribution networks for the purpose of economic minimization of loss and enhancement of voltage. The objective function includes the cost of power losses, voltage profile, fixed capacitor banks and also type of conductor selection. Constraints include voltage limit, maximum permissible carrying current of conductors, size of available capacitors and type of conductors. The optimization problem is solved by the Imperialism Competitive algorithm method and the size and site capacitor banks and type of conductors is determined. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm, computer simulations are carried out on actual power network of Kerman city, Iran and the simulation results are presented and discussed.
Short Term Load Forecasting Based Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Dakhil Adel
Published: April 2020

Present study develops short term electric load forecasting using neural network; based on historical series of power demand the neural network chosen for this network is feed forward network, this neural network has five input variables ( hour of the day, the day of the week, the load for the previous hour, the load of the pervious day, the load for the previous week). Short term load forecast is very important due to accurate for power system operation and analysis system security among other mandatory function.
The trained artificial neural network shows good accuracy and robust in forecasting future load demands for the daily operation, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was calculated and it is maximum value is 0.75% in load forecasting on Monday.
Two Elements Elliptical Slot CDRA Array with Corporate Feeding For X-Band Applications
Authors: Abdullah Abdulkareem , Majeed Asmaa , Sayidmarie Khalil , Abd-Alhameed Raed
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a compact two-element cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) array with corporate feeding is proposed for X-band applications. The dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array is excited by a microstrip feeder using an efficient aperture-coupled method. The designed array antenna is analyzed using a CST microwave studio. The fabricated sample of the proposed CDRA antenna array showed bandwidth extending from 10.42GHz to 12.84GHz (20.8%). The achieved array gain has a maximum of 9.29dBi at frequency of 10.7GHz. This is about 2.06dBi enhancement of the gain in comparison with a single pellet CDRA. The size of the whole antenna structure is about 5050mm2.
Vehicle Remote Support and Surveillance System
Authors: Abid Ahmed , Ali Ramzy , Saheb Rafah
Published: April 2020

The proposed design offers a complete solution to support and surveillance vehicles remotely. The offered algorithm allows a monitoring center to track vehicles; diagnoses fault remotely, control the traffic and control CO emission. The system is programmed to scan the on-board diagnostic OBD periodically or based on request to check if there are any faults and read all the available sensors, then make an early fault prediction based on the sensor readings, an experience with the vehicle type and fault history. It is so useful for people who are not familiar with fault diagnosis as well as the maintenance center. The system offers tracking the vehicle remotely, which protects it against theft and warn the driver if it exceeds the speed limit according to its location. Finally, it allows the user to report any traffic congestion and allows a vehicle navigator to be up to date with the traffic condition based on the other system’s user feedback.
Intelligent Feedback Scheduling of Control Tasks
Authors: Telchy Fatin
Published: April 2020

An efficient feedback scheduling scheme based on the proposed Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) scheme is employed to improve the overall control performance while minimizing the overhead of feedback scheduling which exposed using the optimal solutions obtained offline by mathematical optimization methods. The previously described FFNN is employed to adapt online the sampling periods of concurrent control tasks with respect to changes in computing resource availability. The proposed intelligent scheduler will be examined with different optimization algorithms. An inverted pendulum cost function is used in these experiments. Then, simulation of three inverted pendulums as intelligent Real Time System (RTS) is described in details. Numerical simulation results demonstrates that the proposed scheme can reduce the computational overhead significantly while delivering almost the same overall control performance as compared to optimal feedback scheduling.
Modeling and Control of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) System
Authors: Hashim Marwah , Mohammed Khearia , Hamadi Nawal
Published: April 2020

The corrosion of metallic structures buried in soil or submerged in water which became a problem of worldwide significance and causes most of the deterioration in petroleum industry can be controlled by cathodic protection (CP).CP is a popular technique used to minimize the corrosion of metals in a variety of large structures. To prevent corrosion, voltage between the protection metal and the auxiliary anode has to be controlled on a desired level. In this study two types of controllers will be used to set a pipeline potential at required protection level. The first one is a conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and the second are intelligent controllers (fuzzy and neural controllers).The results were simulated and implemented using MATLAB R 2010a program which offers predefined functions to develop PID, fuzzy and neural control systems.
Wirelessly Controlled Irrigation System
Authors: Rhman Zain-Aldeen , Ali Ramzy , Jasim Basil
Published: April 2020

In the city of Basrah, there is an urgent need to use the water for irrigation process more efficiently for many reasons: one of them, the high temperature in long summer season and the other is the lack of sources fresh water sources. In this work, a smart irrigation system based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is implemented. This system consists of the main unit that represented by an Arduino Uno board which include an ATmega328 microcontroller, different sensors as moisture sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, XBee modules and solenoid valve. Zigbee technology is used in this project for implementing wireless technology. This system has two modes one manual mode, the other is a smart mode. The set points must be changed manually according to the specified season to satisfy the given conditions for the property irrigation, and the smart operation of the system will be according to these set points.