bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disinhibitory Circuitry Gates Associative Synaptic Plasticity in Olfactory Cortex
Authors: Canto-Bustos Martha , Friason F. Kathryn , Bassi Constanza , Oswald Anne-Marie M.
Published: February 2022

Inhibitory microcircuits play an essential role in regulating cortical responses to sensory stimuli. Interneurons that inhibit dendritic or somatic integration act as gatekeepers for neural activity, synaptic plasticity, and the formation of sensory representations. Conversely, interneurons that selectively inhibit other interneurons can open gates through disinhibition. In the anterior piriform cortex, relief of inhibition permits associative LTP of excitatory synapses between pyramidal neurons. However, the interneurons and circuits mediating disinhibition have not been elucidated. In this study, we use an optogenetic approach in mice of both sexes to identify the inhibitory interneurons and disinhibitory circuits that regulate LTP. We focused on three prominent interneuron classes: somatostatin (SST), parvalbumin (PV), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) interneurons. We find that LTP is gated by the inactivation SST or PV interneurons and by the activation of VIP interneurons. Further, VIP interneurons strongly inhibit putative SST cells during LTP induction but only weakly inhibit PV interneurons. Together, these findings suggest that VIP interneurons mediate a disinhibitory circuit that gates synaptic plasticity during the formation of olfactory representations.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInhibitory interneurons stabilize neural activity during sensory processing. However, inhibition must also be modulated to allow sensory experience shape neural responses. In olfactory cortex, inhibition regulates activity-dependent increases in excitatory synaptic strength that accompany odor learning. We identify two inhibitory interneuron classes that act as gatekeepers preventing excitatory enhancement. We demonstrate that driving a third class of interneurons inhibits the gatekeepers and opens the gate for excitatory enhancement. All three inhibitory neuron classes comprise disinhibitory microcircuit motifs found throughout the cortex. Our findings suggest that a common disinhibitory microcircuit promotes changes in synaptic strength during sensory processing and learning.
SÜRK PEYNİRİNDEN İZOLE EDİLEN KÜFLERİN PCR YÖNTEMİYLE TANIMLANMASI
Authors: ESEN Yusuf , TURGAY Özlem
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışmada olgunlaşmış Sürk peyniri örneklerinde baskın olan küf mikrobiyotasının büyük ölçüde tanımlanması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada analizleri yapılan Sürk örnekleri, Hatay-Antakya piyasasındaki 36 farklı iş yerinden tesadüfi olarak temin edilmiştir. Olgunlaşmış Sürklerden izole edilen küflerdeki ITS bölgesinden faydalanılarak tanımlamaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örneklerden elde edilen 67 izolatın genetik identifikasyonu sonucunda 9 farklı tür tanımlanmıştır. Bu küf türleri Sürk örneklerindeki baskınlık oranlarına göre sırasıyla Penicillium commune (%55.5), Alternaria alternata (%33.3), Cladosporium cladosporioides (%30.5), Epicoccum nigrum (%16,6), Aspergillus flavus (%16,6), Penicillium chrysogenum (%13.8), Aspergillus niger var. awamori (%11.1), Phoma sojicola (%8,3) ve Bipolaris tetramera (%2.7)’dır. Bu çalışma, olgunlaşmış Sürk peynirinin küf mikrobiyotasının genetik olarak tanımlandığı ilk araştırmadır.
The Pioneer Paradigm
Authors: Loveday Kiki
Published: February 2022

This essay considers the deployment of a nineteenth-century white-supremacist imaginary within popular culture and, more curiously, within feminist media historiography. Tracing the paradoxical figure of the “female film pioneer” to groundbreaking work by Ally Acker and Jane Gaines in the 1990s, I historicize how the “pioneers” initially functioned as strategic interventions in a white masculinist landscape, but argue that they have since become naturalized in post-millennial digital culture and are (mis)shaping the discourse of the field. Leaning on foundational texts by Ella Shohat and Robert Stam and Emma Pérez, this paper intervenes in the pioneer paradigm so prevalent in the study of the silent film era—and in discourse on female film and video makers more generally—calling for a proliferation of metaphors to provoke new insights into the very real challenges facing feminists in the present.
Toward a Nonfiction Cinema of Audience Accountability
Authors: Betancourt Manuel
Published: February 2022

FQ columnist Manuel Betancourt muses on the difference between responsibility and accountability in the context of nonfiction cinema’s impulse towards and history of speaking up and back to power. In keeping with his preference for poetic nonfiction over traditional documentary, he considers recent Latin American documentaries that fight against narrative rules in order ask more of their audience. He suggests that filmmakers such as Jonathan Perel, whose Corporate Accountability (2021) he discusses at length, extend this notion of accountability not only to their subjects but to their audience through untraditional approaches that force viewers to sit with their discomfort and actively engage with the images before them.
Structural equation modeling (SEM) of consumer preferences for wooden furniture (home and office)
Authors: Gudarzi Elham , Tajdini Ajang , Pourmousa Shademan , Latibari Ahmad Jahan , Roohnia Mehran
Published: February 2022

Consumer preferences were examined with respect to the decision-making process to purchase home and office furniture in Iran. A conceptual model was proposed based on the theoretical framework from literature. The data was obtained from interviews with customers who were buying wooden furniture. The main data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire. The results were processed using structural equation modelling (SEM) in SmartPLS software. SEM is a multivariate method that combines multiple regression and factor analysis aspects. PLS-SEM has been increasingly developed in various fields in recent years, due to its usability in nonnormal data, small sample sizes, and the use of formative indicators. The findings revealed a significant relationship between all research factors and consumer preferences of home and office furniture, although the model quality assessment showed that safety and environment (0.576=strong effect), salesperson’s characteristics (0.197=medium effect), corporate responsibility factors (0.058=weak effect), internal factors (0.029=weak effect), and product characteristic (0.023=weak effect) had the highest impact. These independent variables accounted for 93.8% of the changes of the dependent variable of consumer preferences.
Screening of cellulase-producing bacteria and their effect on the chemical composition and aroma quality improvement of cigar wrapper leaves
Authors: Li Daoyu , Huang Chengyi , Mao Yahao , Wang Zhi , Yu Jun , Yang Chunlei , Chen Xiong
Published: February 2022

A high yield cellulase production strain was screened from the surface of cigar wrapper leaves and added to cigar wrapper leaves for fermentation in the present study. The enzyme-producing strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis, and its maximum carboxymethyl cellulase activity could reach 44.3 U/mL. Making the cellulose degradation rate of cigar wrapper leaves as the index, the fermentation temperature, inoculum concentration, and carbon and nitrogen source addition concentration were optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that under the conditions of inoculation concentration of 20%, fermentation temperature of 37 °C, addition of 4.5 ‰ glucose and 2.25 ‰ glutamate, the highest degradation rate of tobacco cellulose was 31.7%. Significance analysis results showed that the order of factors affecting the degradation rate of cigar wrapper cellulose was: inoculation concentration > carbon and nitrogen source addition concentration > temperature. The analysis of aroma substances under the optimal conditions found that the total amount of aroma substances of cigar wrapper increased by 26.1% compared with that before fermentation, in which β-damascenone, megastigmatrienone, farnesyl acetone, and solanone were significantly improved. The results were conducive to improving the aroma quality and concentration of cigar wrapper leaves.
Effect of pH shock on the treatment of high concentration organic wastewater via a Fe0/GO-anaerobic system
Authors: Lin Yecheng , Wang Xiangzhi , Wang Longyu , Yang Da , Lan Huixia
Published: February 2022

The pH is one of the key factors affecting microbial activity in anaerobic systems. In this paper, the pH impact tolerance of Fe0/GO (zero-valent iron/graphene oxide) mediated anaerobic treatment system for high concentration organic wastewater was studied. The effects of a Fe0/GO mediated anaerobic system on wastewater treatment, degradation kinetics, and the physicochemical properties of sludge were studied at pHs of 5.5 and 8.5; the separate addition of Fe0 and GO and a blank system were used as the blank control. The results showed that the pH had adverse effects on the treatment of each system and the physicochemical characteristics of sludge. However, the Fe0/GO system under pH shock maintained a relatively high CODCr removal rate and gas production; the effluent volatile fatty acid content was the lowest, the effluent pH value deviation from the normal range was small, the degradation rate constant, and sludge concentration and flocculation performance of the mixed liquid were better than those of other systems. The recovery phase of Fe0/GO returned to normal in a relatively short time. These results showed that adding Fe0/GO to the anaerobic treatment of high concentration organic wastewater system can drastically improve the pH shock resistance of the system.
Effects of incision, forced-air drying, and pressure pretreatments on wet pockets, drying rate, and drying defects of Acacia mangium wood
Authors: Ambrose Elia , Jusoh Ismail , Duju Alik , Welman Norsyarina
Published: February 2022

The pretreatment of 7- and 10-year-old Acacia mangium wood using incision, forced-air dying, and pressure were conducted to evaluate the effects on wet pockets, the drying rate, and drying defects. Quarter and rift sawn boards were used in this study. Results showed that the incidence of wet pockets in the incised, forced-air drying, and pressure-treated quarter and rift sawn boards of 7-year-old A. mangium alleviated up to 35% and 79%, 60% and 54%, and 54% and 82%, respectively. In 10-year-old A. mangium, the occurrence of wet pockets was reduced by 68% and 60%, 31% and 73% and 82% and 73% in quarter and rift sawn boards, respectively. Drying rates of 7-year-old A. mangium pressure-treated boards increased by 5% and 40% in quarter and rift sawn boards, respectively. The drying rate was 10% faster for 10-year-old A. mangium pressure-treated boards. The application of the pressure pretreatment yielded no severe drying defects at the end of the drying period, except for a mild collapse in one of the 10-years old A. mangium sample boards. Incision and forced-air drying pretreatments improved the drying rate; however, pressure treatment was found to be superior in reducing wet pockets and drying defects.
Loading rate effects on MOE and MOR distributions in testing of small clear beech wood specimens
Authors: Mihailović Vladislava , Miric-Milosavljević Mira , Djurković Marija , Mladenović Goran , Milosević Milos , Trajković Isaak
Published: February 2022

Distributions of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were characterized at three loading rates for small clear beech specimens in static bending. The correlation between MOE and MOR for all three loading rates was significant, but it weakened with increasing load rates. The analysis of the characteristics of empirical distributions, as well as the preliminary selection of the theoretical distributions for MOE and MOR, were performed on the basis of L-moments and L-moment diagrams. According to the standard for testing small specimens, MOE and MOR are determined as the arithmetic mean of the sample. Usage of the arithmetic mean is justified when the analyzed quantity is symmetrically distributed. It was found that the distribution of MOE and MOR is not always symmetric. The loading rate influences the shapes of the MOE and MOR empirical distributions, and consequently the choice of theoretical distribution. The general extreme value distribution stood out as the best one for both MOE and MOR, regardless of the loading rate, and the second overall ranked distribution is the three-parameter Weibull distribution. The loading rate affected the value of the fifth percentile in MOR, when determined from both the empirical and theoretical distributions.
Fiber characteristics and chemical composition of three Taxodium ‘Zhongshansa’ woods and pulping evaluation
Authors: Xu Shan , Wu Shufang , Yu Chaoguang , Yin Yunlong , Xuan Lei
Published: February 2022

Taxodium ‘Zhongshansa’ (T. ‘Zhongshansa’) is a hybrid cultivar of the Taxodium Rich. genus. The wood and fiber characteristics and wood chemical compositions of three T. ‘Zhongshansa’ wood specimens were analyzed and compared with their parents, Taxodium mucronatum (T. mucronatum) and Taxodium distichum (T. distichum). It was found that the wood density of the three T. ‘Zhongshansa’ hybrids were slightly lower than the densities of their parents. The average fiber length and length to width ratio of the three samples were similar and greater than their parents. Runkel ratios of the three T. ‘Zhongshansa’ hybrids was smaller than their patents. Compared to the parents, the extractives contents of the three T. ‘Zhongshansa’ hybrids hardly varied, while the lignin content was slightly lower. The result of the kraft cooking and bleaching of T.Z.502 indicated that with a cooking yield of 44.9%, the kappa number of the kraft pulp was 41.8. The T.Z.502 kraft pulp was easier to delignify via oxygen with alkali, and the brightness reached up to 76% ISO after an elemental chlorine free bleaching process. The results provide a reference for the application of T. ‘Zhongshansa’ wood in pulp and paper making in future.
Bamboo as a valuable resource and its utilization in historical and modern-day China
Authors: Dlamini Lindeka C. , Fakudze Sandile , Makombe Gerly G. , Muse Saad = , Zhu Jiangang
Published: February 2022

Due to some challenges related to the utilization of wood, such as long growth cycles and severe deforestation, the utilization of bamboo resources has attracted wide attention globally. Bamboo is characterized by remarkable strength and elasticity properties, minimal maintenance requirements, and a fast growth cycle, as it can reach maturity within three to five years. Moreover, bamboo is attractive as a sustainable resource owing to its excellent regeneration ability and high crop yield. A single cultivation of bamboo can remain existent for several years, and the plants can regenerate new shoots shortly after harvesting. Hence, the cultivation, management, trade, and utilization of eco-friendly bamboo resources have become of great importance. Currently, a larger proportion of the world’s bamboo forests and approximately 80% of the world’s bamboo species are found in east Asia, south Asia, and southeast Asia. China has the richest bamboo resources, with a total of 861 species from 43 genera. Specifically, bamboo forests in China cover a total area of approximately 6.73 million ha (approximately one-third of the world’s bamboo forests) scattered across different provinces, including Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Zhejiang, among others. Herein, this work reviewed the cultivation and utilization of bamboo resources in historical and modern China.
Development of a standard method for primary monitoring of exposure to environmental radiation
Authors: Perger Edson Luiz Pontes , Giarola Rodrigo Sanchez , Lemes Izabella Santos Silva , Arruda Gabriel Augusto , Fernandes Marco Antônio Rodrigues , Dal Pai Alexandre
Published: February 2022

All living things are constantly exposed to background radiation. The presence of radioactive materials in the earth's crust and cosmic radiation are largely responsible for this exposure. The present study aimed to develop a new methodology of easy applicability and low cost to carry out measurements of environmental background radiation and to be able to establish a map of environmental radiation for primary monitoring of these exposures. For that, ionizing radiation measurements, Meteorological and Radiometric measurements were performed. Geiger Mueller Counter (GM) was used, as it is widely used in services that use radioactive sources and research centers. Measurements obtained showed that there were no statistically significant changes in the 24 hours of measurements with the GM, in relation to the variations presented in the Meteorological and Radiometric measurements that changed according to the time of day. The average value of the background radiation readings was 0.0194 mR/h, with an average variance of 1.8E-06 and an average standard deviation of 1.35E-03. GM proved to be useful for primary measurement of background radiation. The map was developed using open source libraries for the Python programming language. The map may be hosted on an open access website, so that professionals, students and researchers may contribute, sending new data from different locations. It is essential that the levels of radiation exposure are demonstrated and understood. Easy access to this information may contribute to health organizations, agriculture and research centers to establish a baseline for future research.
Reducing the risk for the biota by reusing a NORM residue
Authors: Bessa Nisti Marcelo , Cavalcante Fernanda , Rosignoli Saueia Catia Heloisa , Paci Mazzilli Barbara
Published: February 2022

All biota is exposed to natural radiation, the soil being the major source of radionuclides. Phosphogypsum is classified as a NORM residue of the phosphate fertilizer industry, often used in agriculture, as a soil conditioner. This residue is stored in stacks by the phosphate industries, potentially posing environmental risks. The aim of this study is to compare the risk for the terrestrial and aquatic biota arising from the storage of PG residue in the environment with that arising from its reuse as soil amendment. For this purpose, typical Brazilian soils amended with PG and PG itself were leached with distilled water. The concentration of natural radionuclides in the soil samples were used to evaluate the risk for terrestrial and aquatic biota, using the ERICA Tool. The results for terrestrial biota exposed to soils amended with phosphogypsum showed a risk reduction of about 85%, when compared to the exposure arising from phosphogypsum stacks. Considering the aquatic biota, the results showed a risk reduction of about 46% when comparing to radionuclide concentrations in leachates from phosphogypsum and from the soils amended with phosphogypsum. A new risk reduction assessment was performed to determine exclusively the contribution of the application of PG to the soil using the soil without PG, the risk reduction for terrestrial biota was of 99% and aquatic biota was a 74% reduction. Finally, it can be concluded that the addition of phosphogypsum in soils reduces the risk quotient related to the exposure of terrestrial and aquatic biota, showing that this is a safe practice.
On development of in-core fuel system for PWR reactors: Part I generation of macroscopic cross sections using SCALE 6.0 for use in nodal calculation
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro Henrique Silva , Maiorino José Rubens , Asano Júnior Roberto
Published: February 2022

This work presents the description of the first part of a methodology applied to perform In-Core Fuel Management (ICFM) in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). The ICFM of a PWR reactor consists on defining the best charging or recharging pattern of fuel assemblies inside a reactor for an operational cycle. This means, finding a suitable arrangement of fuel assemblies that optimizes the performance of the reactor, which complies with all safety criteria. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to select the arrangements that interact with the reactor physics simulation code, holding the neutron characteristics of each fuel assembly. Therefore, a reliable and fast code was developed accordingly. The consolidated technique of coarse mesh node code that numerically solves the multigroup diffusion equation for two groups of energy, fast and thermal neutrons, in two dimensions was selected. In this type of code, it is essential that each fuel assembly is homogenized and characterized by its macroscopic cross sections, for each reactor’s burnup condition. The cross sections are generated with the support of SCALE 6.0, computational platform developed by the Reactor and Nuclear Systems Division (RNSD), from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The completeness of the qualification and validation of the results obtained from the homogenization of the fuel assembly by the SCALE was performed comparing the results with actual data of a benchmark reactor. The fully documented Almaraz Nuclear Power Plant provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-TECDOC-815, has been used as benchmark with successful results.
The European green deal in Ukraine: opportunities and implications for the industry
Authors:   SO “Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NAS of Ukraine” 26, Panasa Myrnoho Str., Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine, Kushnirenko O. M. , Gakhovych N. H. ,   SO “Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NAS of Ukraine” 26, Panasa Myrnoho Str., Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the European Green Deal (EGD) commitments, identify opportunities and threats for the development of Ukrainian industry, and elaborate proposals for the adaptation of Ukrainian producers to the requirements of the EGD. It is shown that the EGD is at the centre of the European agenda, and it is a modern challenge that can change the economy and consumption patterns not only in the European Union but throughout the world. This could have profound geopolitical implications. The authors justify that Ukraine has stable economic, social, and political ties with the EU and has been involved in new value chains with European producers, so implementing the EGD opens new opportunities for “green” transformations of the Ukrainian industry. It has been found that Ukraine should serve to implement international commitments on development. However, such compliance carries significant threats aggravated by technological backwardness and financial insecurity of industrial agents. Also, complying with Ukraine’s international commitments and other international agreements could further impede access of Ukrainian goods to the EU market by strengthening trade barriers associated with more stringent environmental requirements. It has been shown that today the level of climatic neutrality and environmental load on the environment in Ukraine does not correspond to European standards. This enhances the importance of adapting the Ukrainian industry to the requirements of the EGD. To address the shortcomings, the authors propose regulatory and institutional changes. Paper recommends developing economic incentives to save energy and primary material resources, modern waste management methods to minimize waste volumes, disseminate environmental innovations and environmentally friendly resource-efficient technologies to develop “green” business.
Social and political processes in the state in the mirror of public opinion
Authors:   SO ", Balakireva O. M. ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine",   26, Panasa Myrnoho Str., Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine, Dmytruk D. A. ,   SO "Institute for Economics and Forecasting, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine" 26, Panasa Myrnoho Str., Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine, Pyvovarova N. P. ,   Research institute of socio-economic city development 37-A, Heroiv Sevastopolia Str., Kyiv, 03061, Ukraine
Published: February 2022

Based on the survey data, the authors define the attitude of the Ukrainian population to the following components of modern Ukraine’s social and political processes as the state’s foreign policy; restriction of certain groups of citizens in the right to vote; an ecological situation in macro-regions of residence; and vaccination. The paper provides analysis of Ukrainians’ assessment of the political situation in the country and the level of tension in society. Potential behavioural reactions of Ukrainian citizens to dissatisfaction with socio-political processes in the country have been studied. The authors demonstrate data on the level of trust of Ukrainians at the end of 2021 to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and the President of Ukraine V. Zelenskiy, the National Bank of Ukraine, political parties, national media, and well-known Ukrainian politicians.
Synopsis of the order Juncales (Liliopsida) in Ukraine
Authors: Danylyk I. M. , Olshanskyi I. G.
Published: February 2022

Juncales is an order of vascular plants with cosmopolitan distribution. Two families of Juncales are present in flora of Ukraine: Juncaceae and Cyperaceae. Through 1985–2021, we conducted comprehensive revision of Juncales in Ukraine. The aim of this research was to compile a checklist of Juncales species in the flora of Ukraine. Our research is based on herbarium materials, literature data and field trips. We collected data in many herbariums of Ukraine and other countries. Our understanding of the taxa was further supplemented by field observations in mountainous (Carpathians and Crimea) and plain territories of Ukraine. Also, we collected information about Juncales species from numerous literature sources. For each taxon, we provided nomenclatural citation and basic synonyms. According to our data, the order Juncales in the flora of Ukraine contains 188 species, belonging to 19 genera. Lists of Juncales species can be found in many thorough publications. For a long time, Checklist of Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk (1999) was the main list in the nomenclature of vascular plants in Ukraine. To date, many nomenclature and taxonomic changes have been accumulated. For example, we accept genera Schoenoplectiella and Oreojuncus here. Researchers have found many new species for the territory of Ukraine. This information can be found in numerous publications, but is fragmented. Therefore, we have compiled an updated summary of the Juncales species. In Ukrainian territory, Juncales species are considered both widespread and rare. We refer to the rarest species Carex alba, C. bicolor, C. bohemica, C. brunnescens, C. buxbaumii, C. depauperata, C. fuliginosa, C. globularis, C. heleonastes, C. lachenalii, C. loliacea, C. obtusata, C. pediformis, C. rupestris, C. strigosa, Cyperus longus, Eleocharis multicaulis, E. oxylepis, Fimbristylis bisumbellata, Juncus acutiflorus, J. soranthus, J. subnodulosus, Isolepis setacea, Luzula spicata, Schoenoplectus pungens, Trichophorum alpinum, T. cespitosum. Also, the following species are rare: Bolboschoenus yagara, Carex chordorrhiza, C. davalliana, C. dioica, C. hostiana, C. pauciflora, C. secalina, C. vaginata, Cladium mariscus, Eleocharis carniolica, Juncus capitatus, J. castaneus, J. littoralis, J. sphaerocarpus, J. thomasii, J. triglumis, Luzula alpinopilosa, L. sudetica, Schoenoplectiella mucronata, Schoenus ferrugineus.
Seasonal dynamics of Diptera in individual biotopes in the center of the European part of Russia
Authors: Ruchin A. B. , Esin M. N.
Published: February 2022

In a changing climate, phenological observations are gaining new importance. They can tell what changes are taking place in certain environmental conditions. The studies were conducted in 2019 within the territory of the Republic of Mordovia (the center of the European part of Russia). Beer traps (beer as a bait) were used to collect Diptera. The material was collected in the period from April to October in different forest biotopes (pine forest, lime forest, aspen forest, birch forest and oak forest) and the air temperature was recorded at the same time. In total, more than 14.000 specimens of Diptera were recorded. Overall, 29 families were recorded. The largest number of families was observed for birch (23 families) and pine (24 families) forests, the smallest number – in aspen forest (16 families). The families Muscidae, Drosophilidae, Calliphoridae had the largest number of captured individuals (44.5%, 35.2%, 7.6% of the total number of individuals respectively). The highest number of individuals was captured in oak forest. The dynamics of abundance in all biotopes were similar and were characterized by the same number of declines and rises. The first small significant peak in the number of Diptera occurred in the first half of summer. A slight increase in the number of specimenі occurred in mid-June. In the second half of September, there was a gradual increase in the number and the maximum peak was recorded in mid-October, then there was a decline. The autumn increase in the number of Diptera in all five biotopes exceeded the summer peak by several times. This dynamic was typical for most families. However, species from the family Lonchaeidae had the peak in July. For our better understanding of the changes in the seasonal dynamics of the number of Diptera, long-term observations in different climatic zones are needed.
Summer coastal rookeries and perspectives of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) population in the conditions of the global warming
Authors: Petrov E. A. , Kupchinsky A. B. , Fialkov V. A.
Published: February 2022

Based on the secondary literature, a retrospective characterization of the climate in the Baikal region, starting from the end of the Pleistocene, is given. According to satellite monitoring data, the characteristics of the ice regime of the Lake Baikal in the conditions of climate warming are presented. Moreover, we briefly discuss the impact of climate change on the ecology and biology of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica Gm.). Using video materials obtained online at one of the main island coastal rookeries of seals (on the island of Tonkyi, the archipelago of the Ushkany Islands, Lake Baikal) in 2011–2017, the dependence of the number of seals hauled out on the lake level and the peculiarities of the fishing regime was determined (the survey was conducted from May–June to October). A direct relationship was determined between the relative number of animals that had a moulting delay and the ice regime of a given year: the longer the floating ice in the northern part of Lake Baikal remained, the more numerous were the first approaches of seals to the studied rookery and the greater was the proportion of moulting individuals. It is reasonable to assume that the main reason for the Baikal seal to come ashore is not prolongued moulting time, but a physiological need for sunlight, which has a healing effect on the body of animals that lack solar radiation in winter. In general, climate warming has a negative impact on the state of the Baikal seal population. The available paleoclimatic reconstructions of the Holocene indicate that the population of the Baikal seal has experienced a lot of climate changes in its history. Nevertheless, if the current trends of climatic changes persist until the end of the 21st century, the ecology and biology of the seal will drastically change (up to the beginning of terrestrial reproduction), and the population will significantly decrease. However, the Baikal seal as a species would remain.
An overview of helminths of the European fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina (Amphi-bia, Anura) in the Volga River Basin
Authors: Chikhlyaev I. V. , Ruchin A. B.
Published: February 2022

The helminthofauna of Bombina bombina (Linnaeus, 1761) has been studied to an unequal degree in different parts of the habitat. Thus, it has been studied in more detail in the west of its range (in the countries of central and eastern Europe) and in less detail in the center (in Belarus and Ukraine). There were few data on helminths of this host in the east of its range (in Russia). For the first time, an inventory of the helminthofauna in B. bombina was carried out for populations in the Volga River Basin. The results of our own research are presented and supplemented with information from other authors. We summarized scattered data on helminths from 390 specimens of amphibians collected over more than 40 years in the territory of five regions: Kaluga and Samara regions, the Republics of Mordovia, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. The helminthofauna includes 21 species from three classes: Trematoda (15), Chromadorea (5) and Clitellata (1). For each species, we give the systematic position, localization, places of detection, geographical distribution and characteristics of the life cycle. The leech Helobdella stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) was first recorded in the European fire-bellied toad in Europe. Four species of trematodes are new to this amphibian species in Russia: Haematoloechus abbreviatus (Bychowsky, 1932), Paralepoderma cloacicola (Luhe, 1909), larvae, Tylodelphys excavata (Rudolphi, 1803), larvae and Astiotrema monticelli (Stossich, 1904), larvae. Another species of trematode – Strigea strigis (Schrank, 1788), larvae – was first recorded in this host within the boundaries of the Volga Basin. A specific parasite is the trematode Haematoloechus abbreviatus (Bychowsky, 1932). The number and composition of the species of helminths of the European fire-bellied toad vary in different regions; the structure of the helminth fauna is generally stable and includes three groups of species: adult and larval stages of trematodes, adult nematodes-geohelminths. The results of the study create a database for further population studies and contribute to the development of ideas about the distribution and formation of the amphibian helminth fauna in Europe, Russia and the Volga Basin.
Mineração de dados educacionais com algoritmos de regressão: um estudo sobre a predição do desempenho
Authors: Souza Vanessa Faria de , Cazella Sílvio
Published: February 2022

Com a o aumento da disponibilidade de dados, sobretudo no contexto educacional, a Mineração de Dados Educacionais (MDE) tem se tornado cada vez mais importante para a tomada de decisão neste contexto. Um dos principais objetivos da MDE é a predição do desempenho, pois quando se sabe de forma antecipada sobre a performance dos alunos, é possível intervir evitando reprovações, e até mesmo a evasão. Nesse sentido, esse estudo tem como objetivo realizar a previsão do desempenho de alunos, em um conjunto de dados públicos, utilizando algoritmos de Regressão, ademais indicar quais os principais atributos preditores para o desempenho dos alunos. Para isso foi implementado um processo de MDE baseado em 4 etapas descritas por Aggarwal (2015). Como resultado foi identificado que para os dois conjuntos de dados analisados a Árvores de Decisão foi o mais preciso, com uma acurácia de 90% para a disciplina de Matemática, e o Random Forest teve o melhor desempenho para os dados referentes a disciplina de Português, 80% de precisão. Além disso, constatou-se que atributos relacionados as atividades escolares são mais preditores para o desempenho dos alunos, todavia alguns atributos decorrentes de características demográficas e socioeconômicas, também influenciam no desempenho.
Treatment of multiple sclerosis during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Department of Neurology,
            Specialist Hospital, Końskie, Poland, Brola Waldemar ,   Collegium Medicum, Jan
            Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland, Kosno Krystian ,   Department of Neurology,
            Specialist Hospital, Końskie, Poland, Mitrosz Agnieszka ,   Department of Neurology,
            Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
Published: February 2022

Multiple sclerosis patients are by definition more susceptible to infections,
which dependents on the use of disease-modifying treatments. Depending on the mechanism
of action, individual disease-modifying treatments carry different risks. As a result,
patients require an individualised approach to initiating and continuing new treatments.
This problem became very important during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the case of drugs
with different mechanisms of action on the immune system, the impact of therapy on
susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infections and the course of COVID-19 should be considered.
Based on the risk/ benefit analysis for the patient, individual therapies have been
assigned recommendations: 1) low-risk therapies (glatiramer acetate, interferons,
dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide) – discontinuation of therapy and delay of treatment
initiation is not recommended; 2) moderate-risk therapies (fingolimod, natalizumab,
ocrelizumab, cladribine) – require caution, individual risk/benefit assessment, risk
analysis of multiple sclerosis symptom exacerbation after drug discontinuation; 3)
high-risk therapies (alemtuzumab, mitoxantrone, haematopoietic stem cells
transplantation) – treatment initiation is not recommended, administration of subsequent
doses requires extreme caution. The article reviews the recommendations and publications
from the last 2 years, taking into account the changing views on the treatment of
multiple sclerosis in the time of COVID-19 pandemic.
Vaccination in multiple sclerosis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Department of Neurology,
            Specialist Hospital, Końskie, Poland, Brola Waldemar ,   Collegium Medicum, Jan
            Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland, Bielecka Ewa ,   Department of Neurology,
            Specialist Hospital, Końskie, Poland
Published: February 2022

Vaccination is the best strategy for preventing most infectious diseases. Along
with adhering to the principles of prevention, vaccines are particularly important in
the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is evidence that multiple sclerosis increases
the risk of developing infections, and the immunosuppressive and immunomodulating
medications taken by multiple sclerosis patients may increase this risk. No evidence has
been found that vaccination increases the risk of developing MS or a relapse. It is
believed that people with multiple sclerosis can be vaccinated safely, and it is a
mistake not to have a vaccination only because of being diagnosed with multiple
sclerosis. When determining the indications for vaccination, as well as when selecting
vaccines and determining the optimal time for their administration, the epidemiological
situation of the patient’s region of residence and the type of disease-modifying therapy
should be taken into account. The vaccination-related restrictions mainly apply to
alemtuzumab, fingolimod, ocrelizumab and cladribine. The article reviews the rules for
vaccinating multiple sclerosis patients depending on the type of vaccine and the
disease-modifying therapy used. Recommendations for vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2
infection in multiple sclerosis patients are also taken into account.
Some Inequalities of Ostrowski Type for Double Integral Mean of Absolutely Continuous Functions
Authors: Dragomir Silvestru Sever
Published: February 2022

In this paper we establish some Ostrowski type inequalities for double integral mean of absolutely continuous functions. An application for special means is given as well.
Menon-Type Identities Concerning Subsets of the Set {1, 2,..., n}
Authors: Tóth László
Published: February 2022

We prove certain Menon-type identities associated with the subsets of the set {1, 2,..., n} and related to the functions f, fk, Ф and Ф k, defined and investigated by Nathanson.
Incidence of dispensing errors before and after root cause analysis at Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar
Authors: Erawati Ni Kadek Erna , Wirawan I Made Ady , Lesmana Cokorda Bagus Jaya
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose: Drug dispensing errors have a major impact on the incidence of medication errors, and can be very dangerous to patients and affect the quality of care. Root cause analysis (RCA) is an approach to prevent dispensing errors by identifying the root of the problem, make efforts to improve comprehensively across departments so that incidence of dispensing errors are not repeated. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in the incidence of dispensing errors before and after the RCA.Methods: This is a descriptive study by calculating the incidence of dispensing errors before and after the RCA, conducted in four inpatient wards at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. Dispensing errors were categorized into ten types namely errors in drugâ€™s identity, name, dosage, number of drugs, absence of high alert labels, incorrect drug preparations, incorrect strength, expired drugs, incorrect place of delivery and incorrect instructions. In February and April 2018 there were 80 and 40 dispensing errors which met the study criteria, respectively.Results: Crude incidence of dispensing errors before and after RCA were 2.54 per 1000 (95%CI: 1.98-3.10) and 1.26 per 1000 (95%CI: 0.87-1.65), respectively. The decrease in dispensing error after RCA was 50.39%. The ratio of dispensing error incidence rates after and before the RCA is 0.49. Significant decrease in the incidence of dispensing errors was only found in drug identity errors of 1.27 per 1000 (95%CI: 0.88-1.66) before an RCA and 0.06 per 1000 (95%CI: -0.03-0.15) after RCA, or decreased by 95.27% and there was no significant decrease in other dispensing errors.Conclusion: The decrease of dispensing errors after the RCA was only found in the medication identity error and not found in the other dispensing errors. Direct observation and intensive supervision are needed in order to accurately calculate and reduce the incidence of dispensing errors.
Exclusive breastfeeding: The role of midwives at pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum
Authors: Dwiyanti Ni Kadek Neza , Sari Komang Ayu Kartika , Duarsa Dyah Pradnyaparamitha
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose: The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is reported to be low. The aim of this study was to explore the extent of the roles of midwives during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum in efforts to increase exclusive breastfeeding.Methods: This study used a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews using interview guidelines to explore the role of midwives in increasing exclusive breastfeeding during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. The study was conducted in the working area of Kuta I Public Health Center (PHC), Badung District, Bali Province from October 2017-July 2018. Interviews were conducted with 12 informants chosen purposively, namely three PHC midwives, two private practice midwives, one nutrition program manager, four mothers who managed to provide exclusive breastfeeding and two who did not. Data were analyzed with a thematic approach.Results: This study shows that the roles of midwives are not optimal. The role that has been carried out during pregnancy is to provide information about breast care but not to practice breast care. During labor, the midwife facilitated the initiation of early breastfeeding except for mothers who experienced childbirth complications. During the postpartum period the midwife provides information about breastfeeding to working mothers and monitors exclusive breastfeeding at the integrated health services centers or in Indonesia called pos pelayanan terpadu (posyandu) until the infant reach the age of six months. Midwives provide information about breast care and how to overcome problems in breastfeeding, but do not facilitate the practice of both. All midwives do not make home visits for several reasons, namely distance to residents' homes, high burden of tasks and lack of human resources. Midwives also provide counselling at posyandu on maternal and child nutrition but do not focus on exclusive breastfeeding.Conclusion: The roles of midwives in facilitating exclusive breastfeeding during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum are still superficial and not in accordance with the guidelines for obstetric care. The roles of midwives need to be enhanced to increase exclusive breastfeeding.
Risk factors for diarrhea among travellers visiting Bali
Authors: Wahyuni Ni Wayan Mega Sri , Wirawan I Made Ady , Hendrayana Made Agus
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose: The number of foreign travellers visiting Bali continues to increase and diarrhea often occur among them. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors for the incidence of diarrhea in foreign travellers.Methods: A case control study was conducted in foreign travellers visiting the international clinic at the Port Health Office at Ngurah Rai International Airport in Denpasar during the period from May to October 2018. Cases were foreign travellers visiting the clinic with diarrhea symptoms. Controls were non-diarrhea foreign travellers visiting the clinic for other purposes. The number of cases and controls was 87 people each and were matched by gender and citizenship. Data collected were age, travel plans, type of food and beverage consumption, hand washing habits and type of food providers (roadside food sellers, restaurants, hotel restaurants and food stalls). Multivariat analysis was performed using logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of each risk factor.Results: Characteristics of cases and controls do not differ in terms of gender and citizenship. Multivariat analysis shows that significant risk factors associated with diarrhea in foreign travellers are a history of consuming street food with AOR=3.94 (95%CI: 1.19-12.97) and a history of traditional barbequed pork consumption (called babi guling) with AOR=6.24 (95%CI: 2.09-18.64). Other risk factors, namely consumptions of Indonesian food, traditional mixed chopped meat and vegetables (called lawar), mixed rice and drinks with ice cubes, are not found to be associated with the incidence of diarrhea in foreign travellers.Conclusion: Consumptions of street food and traditional barbequed pork were found to be associated with the incidence of diarrhea in foreign travellers during a visit to Bali. Street food hygiene, education for food vendors and information provision to foreign travellers on choosing food types need to be improved
Ethical violations and the publication of journal articles
Authors: Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung
Published: February 2022

There is a high demand for publication in the form of scientific articles in reputable journals in the academic world in Indonesia. Research publication in reputable or accredited national journals is required for graduation from tertiary institutions for master level students.Publication in reputable international journals is also a requirement for doctoral-level students graduation.Â For teaching staff, research publication in the form of peer reviewed journal articles is also a requirement for higher levels in the academic career.Â The increasing demand for scientific publication also reported globally.Â Furthermore, various reported reasons for publication include adding work resumes, for job promotion, obtaining funding grants, competition among colleagues or proving supremacy, and even in some universities, the history ofÂ  publications is used as the criteria for determining dissertation internal and external examiners.