bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration for Massive Rhabdomyolysis After Malignant Hyperthermia: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Fang Shudong , Xu Hui , Zhu Yesen , Jiang Hong
Published: March 2013

We present 2 cases of fulminant malignant hyperthermia (MH), complicated with massive rhabdomyolysis. The patients were successfully treated in the intensive care unit of our university teaching hospital, despite the lack of availability of dantrolene in our country, by early application of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH). Both male patients developed fulminant malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia for oromaxillofacial surgery. CVVH was employed when the values of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), myoglobin (Mb), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly. After emergency treatment and CVVH therapy, the values of CPK, Mb, and LDH in the blood plasma of the patients decreased significantly. The complications, including acute renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and acute respiratory distress syndrome were also treated without any obvious organ damage. Early detection and management are the keys to treat MH successfully. CVVH is a valuable therapeutic application in the initial/critical management of severe rhabdomyolysis. If these complications occur even with initial treatment with dantrolene, our experiences may be useful adjunctive treatments to consider.
Anesthetic Efficacy of a Combination of 0.5 M Mannitol Plus 127.2 mg of Lidocaine With 50 μg Epinephrine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks: A Prospective Randomized, Single-Blind Study
Authors: Smith Steven , Reader Al , Drum Melissa , Nusstein John , Beck Mike
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, single-blind study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine compared to 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine plus 0.5 M mannitol in inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) blocks. Forty subjects randomly received 2 IAN blocks consisting of a 3.18 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine and a 5 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine (3.18 mL) plus 0.5 M mannitol (1.82 mL) in 2 separate appointments spaced at least 1 week apart. Mandibular anterior and posterior teeth were blindly electric pulp tested at 4-minute cycles for 60 minutes postinjection. Pain of solution deposition and postoperative pain were also measured. No response from the subject to the maximum output (80 reading) of the pulp tester was used as the criterion for pulpal anesthesia. Total percent pulpal anesthesia was defined as the total of all the times of pulpal anesthesia (80 readings) over the 60 minutes. One hundred percent of the subjects had profound lip numbness with both inferior alveolar nerve blocks. The results demonstrated that a 5 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine plus 0.5 M mannitol was significantly better than the 3.18 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine for all teeth. Solution deposition pain and postoperative pain were not statistically different between the lidocaine/mannitol formulation and the lidocaine formulation without mannitol. We concluded that adding 0.5 M mannitol to a lidocaine with epinephrine formulation was significantly more effective in achieving a greater percentage of total pulpal anesthesia than a lidocaine formulation without mannitol.
Effect of Massage on the Efficacy of the Mental and Incisive Nerve Block
Authors: Jaber A. , Whitworth J. M. , Corbett I. P. , Al-Baqshi B. , Jauhar S. , Meechan J. G.
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this trial was to assess the effect of soft tissue massage on the efficacy of the mental and incisive nerve block (MINB). Thirty-eight volunteers received MINB of 2.2 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 80,000 epinephrine on 2 occasions. At one visit the soft tissue overlying the injection site was massaged for 60 seconds (active treatment). At the other visit the crowns of the mandibular premolar teeth were massaged (control treatment). Order of treatments was randomized. An electronic pulp tester was used to measure pulpal anesthesia in the ipsilateral mandibular first molar, a premolar, and lateral incisor teeth up to 45 minutes following the injection. The efficacy of pulp anesthesia was determined by 2 methods: (a) by quantifying the number of episodes with no response to maximal electronic pulp stimulation after each treatment, and (b) by quantifying the number of volunteers with no response to maximal pulp stimulation (80 reading) on 2 or more consecutive tests, termed anesthetic success. Data were analyzed by McNemar, Mann-Whitney, and paired-samples t tests. Anesthetic success was 52.6% for active and 42.1% for control treatment for lateral incisors, 89.5 and 86.8% respectively for premolars, and 50.0 and 42.1% respectively for first molars (P = .344, 1.0, and .508 respectively). There were no significant differences in the number of episodes of negative response to maximum pulp tester stimulation between active and control massage. A total of 131 episodes were recorded after both active and control massage in lateral incisors (McNemar test, P = 1.0), 329 (active) versus 316 (control) episodes in the premolars (McNemar test, P = .344), and 119 (active) versus 109 (control) episodes respectively for first molars (McNemar test, P = .444). Speed of anesthetic onset and discomfort did not differ between treatments. We concluded that soft tissue massage after MINB does not influence anesthetic efficacy.
Irrigation Rate and Fungicide Effects on Peanut Kernel Damage, Yield, and Net Return
Authors: Wheeler T. A. , Choppakatla V. , Porter D. O. , Schuster G. L. , Mullinix B. G. , Schubert A. M.
Published: March 2013

Field studies from 2002 through 2004 examined effects of irrigation rate and fungicide on peanut kernel damage, yield and net return in Gaines County, TX. Irrigation rates, the main plots of a split-plot design, were applied with a center pivot system planted in concentric circles, and represented a base irrigation rate (B)(ca. 75% of evapotranspiration), B + 33%, and B − 33%. Azoxystrobin or metalaxyl were applied to the subplots at 60 and 90 days after planting and there was a no-fungicide control. Irrigation rate had no effect on percent damaged kernels from harvested pods. Plots with B + 33% irrigation rate had higher pod yields (P < 0.05) than B or B − 33% irrigation rates in 2002 and 2003, but had similar yields to the B rate in 2004, a relatively wet growing season. Irrigation rate did not result in an overall difference in net return in any year. Plots treated with azoxystrobin had higher peanut grades and lower percent damaged kernels in all 3 yr than no-fungicide and metalaxyl treated plots. Azoxystrobin treated plots had higher yield and net return than metalaxyl treated and no-fungicide treated plots in 2 of 3 yr. Rhizoctonia spp. was the primary fungal pathogen isolated from peanut pods. Use of azoxystrobin resulted in an average net return of $170/ha. Azoxystrobin effects on yield were additive to water status across the entire spectrum of irrigation rates during the combined three years. Peanut producers from this region who want to maximize yield by increasing irrigation rate should use azoxystrobin if there is any history of Rhizoctonia pod rot.
Effect of Container Size, Inoculum Density, and Test Duration on Detecting Resistance to Cylindrocladium Black Rot of Peanut
Authors: Wilson J. N. , Wheeler T. A. , Black M. C. , Burow M. D. , Mullinix B. G.
Published: March 2013

Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), caused by the fungal pathogen Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, Wingfield, and Alfenas, is an important peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) disease in the Virginia-Carolina and Southeastern U.S. production regions and was first confirmed in Texas in 2004. We refined a screening technique and compared disease assessment methods for CBR using peanut germplasm with known resistance levels. Resistant genotype ‘NC 3033’ and susceptible ‘NC 7’ were compared in a growth chamber using 66 and 164 cm3 container sizes, 15 and 25 microsclerotia/g soil inoculum densities, and 4, 5, and 6 week durations. Root rot ratings (0 to 5 index), percent taproot necrosis and percent secondary root necrosis were estimated. Taproot necrosis was the most reliable method for differentiating between the resistant and susceptible genotype, followed by root rot ratings. The use of secondary root necrosis ratings was less consistent for detecting differences than taproot ratings. Large containers (164 cm3) inoculated at the 25 microsclerotia/g soil density was the most reliable combination for attaining significant genotype differences for taproot necrosis and root rot ratings. The 5 week duration provided the most consistent results for taproot necrosis, while 6 weeks was the most reliable duration for root rot ratings. Percent taproot necrosis is a valid, more objective alternative to root rot index ratings.
Influence of Selected Fungicides on Efficacy of Clethodim and 2,4-DB
Authors: Chahal Gurinderbir S. , Jordan David L. , Shew Barbara B. , Brandenburg Rick L. , Burton James D. , Danehower David , Eure Peter M.
Published: March 2013

A range of fungicides and herbicides can be applied to control pests and optimize peanut yield. Experiments were conducted in North Carolina to define biological and physicochemical interactions when clethodim and 2,4-DB were applied alone or with selected fungicides. Pyraclostrobin consistently reduced large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] control by clethodim. Chlorothalonil and tebuconazole plus trifloxystrobin reduced large crabgrass control by clethodim in two of four experiments while prothioconazole plus tebuconazole and flutriafol did not affect control. Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats] control by 2,4-DB was not affected by these fungicides. Although differences in spray solution pH were noted among mixtures of clethodim plus crop oil concentrate or 2,4-DB and fungicides, the range of pH was 4.40 to 4.92 and 6.72 to 7.20, respectively, across sampling times of 0, 6, 24, and 72 h after solution preparation. Permanent precipitates were formed when clethodim, crop oil concentrate, and chlorothalonil were co-applied at each sampling interval. Permanent precipitates were not observed when clethodim and crop oil concentrate were included with other fungicides or when 2,4-DB was mixed with fungicides. Significant positive correlations were noted for Palmer amaranth control by 2,4-DB and solution pH but not for clethodim and solution pH.
Survey of Soil Arthropod Pests and Assessment of Yield Loss in Peanut in Northern Ghana
Authors: Abudulai M. , Dzomeku I. K. , Opare-Atakora D. , Nutsugah S. K. , Salifu A. B. , Brandenburg R. L. , Jordan D. L.
Published: March 2013

Soil arthropod pests are important constraints to peanut production in Ghana. Surveys of peanut fields were conducted from 2003–2005 to identify and estimate densities of key soil arthropod pests, and also to quantify their damage to peanut in the three regions (Northern, Upper East and Upper West) of northern Ghana. The main soil pests were termites (Isoptera: Termitidae), millipedes (Myriapoda: Odontopygidae), white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Across regions, termites and millipedes were the most abundant while wireworms were the least recorded. Significantly higher pest densities and pod damage by scarification and penetration were generally recorded in the Northern Region than in the Upper East and Upper West Regions. A checklist administered to farmers during the survey showed that no control practices were carried out for the pests though farmers generally were aware of the damaging effects of these pests on peanut. Field studies also were conducted at Nyankpala and Bagurugu in the Northern Region during 2005 and 2006 to determine the effects of insecticide (chlorpyrifos or carbofuran) applications to peanut at planting, pegging or at both planting and pegging on control of soil arthropod pests and on yield. Results showed that the insecticides used were similar in their efficacy against the pests. Generally, insecticide treatment lowered pest densities and pod damage resulting in increased yield over the untreated control. Yield losses in untreated plots ranged between 23 and 39%. Treatment at planting or pegging did not differ in the level of control compared with treatment at both planting and pegging. Yield was negatively correlated with pest densities and pod damage. These findings are discussed in the context of control of soil pests of peanut in Ghana.
Stable Multicommodity Flows
Authors: Király Tamás , Pap Júlia
Published: March 2013

We extend the stable flow model of Fleiner to multicommodity flows. In addition to the preference lists of agents on trading partners for each commodity, every trading pair has a preference list on the commodities that the seller can sell to the buyer. A blocking walk (with respect to a certain commodity) may include saturated arcs, provided that a positive amount of less preferred commodity is traded along the arc. We prove that a stable multicommodity flow always exists, although it is PPAD-hard to find one.
An Environmental Risk Assessment for Human-Use Trimethoprim in European Surface Waters
Authors: Straub Jürg
Published: March 2013

An environmental risk assessment (ERA) for the aquatic compartment in Europe from human use was developed for the old antibiotic Trimethoprim (TMP), comparing exposure and effects. The exposure assessment is based on European risk assessment default values on one hand and is refined with documented human use figures in Western Europe from IMS Health and measured removal in wastewater treatment on the other. The resulting predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) are compared with measured environmental concentrations (MECs) from Europe, based on a large dataset incorporating more than 1800 single MECs. On the effects side, available chronic ecotoxicity data from the literature were complemented by additional, new chronic results for fish and other organisms. Based on these data, chronic-based deterministic predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived as well as two different probabilistic PNEC ranges. The ERA compares surface water PECs and MECs with aquatic PNECs for TMP. Based on all the risk characterization ratios (PEC÷PNEC as well as MEC÷PNEC) and risk graphs, there is no significant risk to surface waters.
Iminium Salts by Meerwein Alkylation of Ehrlich’s Aldehyde
Authors: Froschauer Carmen , Weber Hedda , Kahlenberg Volker , Laus Gerhard , Schottenberger Herwig
Published: March 2013

4-(Dimethylamino)benzaldehyde is alkylated at the N atom by dialkyl sulfates, MeI, or Me3O BF4. In contrast, ethylation by Et3O BF4 occurs selectively at the O atom yielding a quinoid iminium ion. 4-(Diethylamino)benzaldehyde is alkylated only at O by either Et or Me oxonium reagent. The iminium salts are prone to hydrolysis giving the corresponding hydrotetrafluoroborates. Five crystal structures were determined.
Time Series Analysis Using Composite Multiscale Entropy
Authors: Wu Shuen-De , Wu Chiu-Wen , Lin Shiou-Gwo , Wang Chun-Chieh , Lee Kung-Yen
Published: March 2013

Multiscale entropy (MSE) was recently developed to evaluate the complexity of time series over different time scales. Although the MSE algorithm has been successfully applied in a number of different fields, it encounters a problem in that the statistical reliability of the sample entropy (SampEn) of a coarse-grained series is reduced as a time scale factor is increased. Therefore, in this paper, the concept of a composite multiscale entropy (CMSE) is introduced to overcome this difficulty. Simulation results on both white noise and 1/f noise show that the CMSE provides higher entropy reliablity than the MSE approach for large time scale factors. On real data analysis, both the MSE and CMSE are applied to extract features from fault bearing vibration signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CMSE-based feature extractor provides higher separability than the MSE-based feature extractor.
Health Literacy in Rural Areas of China: Hypertension Knowledge Survey
Authors: Li Xia , Ning Ning , Hao Yanhua , Sun Hong , Gao Lijun , Jiao Mingli , Wu Qunhong , Quan Hude
Published: March 2013

We conducted this study to determine levels and correlates of hypertension knowledge among rural Chinese adults, and to assess the association between knowledge levels and salty food consumption among hypertensive and non-hypertensive populations. This face-to-face cross sectional survey included 665 hypertensive and 854 non-hypertensive respondents in the rural areas of Heilongjiang province, China. Hypertension knowledge was assessed through a 10-item test; respondents received 10 points for each correct answer. Among respondents, the average hypertension knowledge score was 26 out of a maximum of 100 points for hypertensive and 20 for non-hypertensive respondents. Hypertension knowledge was associated with marital status, education, health status, periodically reading books, newspapers or other materials, history of blood pressure measurement, and attending hypertension educational sessions. Hypertension knowledge is extremely low in rural areas of China. Hypertension education programs should focus on marginal populations, such as individuals who are not married or illiterate to enhance their knowledge levels. Focusing on educational and literacy levels in conjunction with health education is important given illiteracy is still a prominent issue for the Chinese rural population.
Cadmium-Induced Pathologies: Where Is the Oxidative Balance Lost (or Not)?
Authors: Nair Ambily , DeGheselle Olivier , Smeets Karen , Van Kerkhove Emmy , Cuypers Ann
Published: March 2013

Over the years, anthropogenic factors have led to cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the environment causing various health problems in humans. Although Cd is not a Fenton-like metal, it induces oxidative stress in various animal models via indirect mechanisms. The degree of Cd-induced oxidative stress depends on the dose, duration and frequency of Cd exposure. Also the presence or absence of serum in experimental conditions, type of cells and their antioxidant capacity, as well as the speciation of Cd are important determinants. At the cellular level, the Cd-induced oxidative stress either leads to oxidative damage or activates signal transduction pathways to initiate defence responses. This balance is important on how different organ systems respond to Cd stress and ultimately define the pathological outcome. In this review, we highlight the Cd-induced oxidant/antioxidant status as well as the damage versus signalling scenario in relation to Cd toxicity. Emphasis is addressed to Cd-induced pathologies of major target organs, including a section on cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. Furthermore, attention is paid to Cd-induced oxidative stress in undifferentiated stem cells, which can provide information for future therapies in preventing Cd-induced pathologies.
LC-MS/MS Determination of Isoprostanes in Plasma Samples Collected from Mice Exposed to Doxorubicin or Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Janicka Monika , Kot-Wasik Agata , Paradziej-Łukowicz Jolanta , Sularz-Peszyńska Grażyna , Bartoszek Agnieszka , Namieśnik Jacek
Published: March 2013

Isoprostanes are stable products of arachidonic acid peroxidation and are regarded as the most reliable markers of oxidative stress in vivo. Here we describe the LC-MS/MS procedure enabling simultaneous determination of four regioisomers (8-iso prostaglandin F2α, 8-iso-15(R)-prostaglandin F2α, 11β-prostaglandin F2α, 15(R)-prostaglandin F2α) in plasma samples collected from mice. The four plasma isoprostanes are determined by LC–ESI-MS/MS with deuterated 8-iso-PGF2α-d4 as an internal standard (I.S.). For plasma samples spiked with the isoprostanes at a level of 200 pg/mL each, the method imprecision has been below 7.1% and mean inaccuracy equaled 8.7%. The applicability of the proposed approach has been verified by the assessment of changes in isoprostane levels in plasma samples derived from mice exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), a model inducer of oxidative stress, or to antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX) known for potent stimulation of redox cycling. Compared to the control group of mice, both oxidative stress inducers tested increased the levels of three out of four isoprostanes in exposed animals; 11β-prostaglandin F2α being the exception. The greatest rise was observed in the case of 15(R)-prostaglandin F2α, by about 50% and 70% in plasma samples derived from mice exposed to DOX and TBHP, respectively.
A Novel Moderate Constitutive Promoter Derived from Poplar (Populus tomentosa Carrière)
Authors: Chen Zhong , Wang Jia , Ye Mei-Xia , Li Hao , Ji Le-Xiang , Li Ying , Cui Dong-Qing , Liu Jun-Mei , An Xin-Min
Published: March 2013

A novel sequence that functions as a promoter element for moderate constitutive expression of transgenes, designated as the PtMCP promoter, was isolated from the woody perennial Populus tomentosa. The PtMCP promoter was fused to the GUS reporter gene to characterize its expression pattern in different species. In stable Arabidopsis transformants, transcripts of the GUS reporter gene could be detected by RT-PCR in the root, stem, leaf, flower and silique. Further histochemical and fluorometric GUS activity assays demonstrated that the promoter could direct transgene expression in all tissues and organs, including roots, stems, rosette leaves, cauline leaves and flowers of seedlings and maturing plants. Its constitutive expression pattern was similar to that of the CaMV35S promoter, but the level of GUS activity was significantly lower than in CaMV35S promoter::GUS plants. We also characterized the promoter through transient expression in transgenic tobacco and observed similar expression patterns. Histochemical GUS staining and quantitative analysis detected GUS activity in all tissues and organs of tobacco, including roots, stems, leaves, flower buds and flowers, but GUS activity in PtMCP promoter::GUS plants was significantly lower than in CaMV35S promoter::GUS plants. Our results suggested that the PtMCP promoter from poplar is a constitutive promoter with moderate activity and that its function is presumably conserved in different species. Therefore, the PtMCP promoter may provide a practical choice to direct moderate level constitutive expression of transgenes and could be a valuable new tool in plant genetic engineering.
The Ameliorative Effects of L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-Carboxylate on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Choi Jiwon , Park Kwang-Hyun , Kim Sung , Shin Jun , Jang Seon-Il
Published: March 2013

The aim of the study was to investigate the ameliorative effects and the mechanism of action of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control group, APAP only treated group, APAP + 25 mg/kg OTC, APAP + 50 mg/kg OTC, APAP + 100 mg/kg OTC, and APAP + 100 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a reference control group. OTC treatment significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in a dose dependent manner. OTC treatment was markedly increased glutathione (GSH) production and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity in a dose dependent manner. The contents of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal in liver tissues were significantly decreased by administration of OTC and the inhibitory effect of OTC was similar to that of NAC. Moreover, OTC treatment on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity significantly reduced the formation of nitrotyrosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling positive areas of liver tissues in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, the activity of caspase-3 in liver tissues was reduced by administration of OTC in a dose dependent manner. The ameliorative effects of OTC on APAP-induced liver damage in mice was similar to that of NAC. These results suggest that OTC has ameliorative effects on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic processes.
Synthesis, Bioevaluation and Structural Study of Substituted Phthalazin-1(2H)-ones Acting as Antifungal Agents
Authors: Derita Marcos , Del Olmo Esther , Barboza Bianca , García-Cadenas Ana , López-Pérez José , Andújar Sebastián , Enriz Daniel , Zacchino Susana , San Feliciano Arturo
Published: March 2013

Twenty-five polysubstituted phthalazinone derivatives were synthesized and tested for their antifungal activity against a panel of pathogenic and clinically important yeasts and filamentous fungi. Among them, the compound 4-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-methylphthalazin-1(2H)-one (5) exhibited a remarkable antifungal activity against standardised strains of dermatophytes and Cryptococcus neoformans, as well as against some clinical isolates. A physicochemical study performed on compound 5 revealed its conformational and electronic characteristics, providing us with useful data for the future design of novel related antifungal analogues.
Technologies for the Synthesis of mRNA-Encoding Libraries and Discovery of Bioactive Natural Product-Inspired Non-Traditional Macrocyclic Peptides
Authors: Ito Kenichiro , Passioura Toby , Suga Hiroaki
Published: March 2013

In this review, we discuss emerging technologies for drug discovery, which yields novel molecular scaffolds based on natural product-inspired non-traditional peptides expressed using the translation machinery. Unlike natural products, these technologies allow for constructing mRNA-encoding libraries of macrocyclic peptides containing non-canonical sidechains and N-methyl-modified backbones. The complexity of sequence space in such libraries reaches as high as a trillion (>1012), affording initial hits of high affinity ligands against protein targets. Although this article comprehensively covers several related technologies, we discuss in greater detail the technical development and advantages of the Random non-standard Peptide Integration Discovery (RaPID) system, including the recent identification of inhibitors against various therapeutic targets.
Automatic Storm Damage Detection in Forests Using High‑Altitude Photogrammetric Imagery
Authors: Honkavaara Eija , Litkey Paula , Nurminen Kimmo
Published: March 2013

Climate change has increased the occurrence of heavy storms that cause damage to forests. After a storm, it is necessary to obtain knowledge about the injured trees quickly in order to detect and aid in collecting the fallen trees and estimate the total damage. The objective in this study was to develop an automatic method for storm damage detection based on comparisons of digital surface models (DSMs), where the after-storm DSM was derived by automatic image matching using high-altitude photogrammetric imagery. This DSM was compared to a before-storm DSM, which was computed using national airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. The developed method was tested using imagery collected in extreme illumination conditions after winter storms on 8 January 2012 in Finland. The image matching yielded a high-quality surface model of the forest areas, which were mainly coniferous and mixed forests. The entire set of major damage forest test areas was correctly classified using the method. Our results showed that airborne, high-altitude photogrammetry is a promising tool for automating the detection of forest storm damage. With modern photogrammetric cameras, large areas can be collected efficiently, and the imagery also provides visual, stereoscopic support for various forest storm damage management tasks. Developing methods that work in different seasons are becoming more important, due to the increase in the number of natural disasters.
Estimating Composite Curve Number Using an Improved SCS-CN Method with Remotely Sensed Variables in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Fan Fenglei , Deng Yingbin , Hu Xuefei , Weng Qihao
Published: March 2013

The rainfall and runoff relationship becomes an intriguing issue as urbanization continues to evolve worldwide. In this paper, we developed a simulation model based on the soil conservation service curve number (SCS-CN) method to analyze the rainfall-runoff relationship in Guangzhou, a rapid growing metropolitan area in southern China. The SCS-CN method was initially developed by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and is one of the most enduring methods for estimating direct runoff volume in ungauged catchments. In this model, the curve number (CN) is a key variable which is usually obtained by the look-up table of TR-55. Due to the limitations of TR-55 in characterizing complex urban environments and in classifying land use/cover types, the SCS-CN model cannot provide more detailed runoff information. Thus, this paper develops a method to calculate CN by using remote sensing variables, including vegetation, impervious surface, and soil (V-I-S). The specific objectives of this paper are: (1) To extract the V-I-S fraction images using Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis; (2) To obtain composite CN by incorporating vegetation types, soil types, and V-I-S fraction images; and (3) To simulate direct runoff under the scenarios with precipitation of 57mm (occurred once every five years by average) and 81mm (occurred once every ten years). Our experiment shows that the proposed method is easy to use and can derive composite CN effectively.
Identifying Rhodamine Dye Plume Sources in Near-Shore Oceanic Environments by Integration of Chemical and Visual Sensors
Authors: Tian Yu , Kang Xiaodong , Li Yunyi , Li Wei , Zhang Aiqun , Yu Jiangchen , Li Yiping
Published: March 2013

This article presents a strategy for identifying the source location of a chemical plume in near-shore oceanic environments where the plume is developed under the influence of turbulence, tides and waves. This strategy includes two modules: source declaration (or identification) and source verification embedded in a subsumption architecture. Algorithms for source identification are derived from the moth-inspired plume tracing strategies based on a chemical sensor. The in-water test missions, conducted in November 2002 at San Clemente Island (California, USA) in June 2003 in Duck (North Carolina, USA) and in October 2010 at Dalian Bay (China), successfully identified the source locations after autonomous underwater vehicles tracked the rhodamine dye plumes with a significant meander over 100 meters. The objective of the verification module is to verify the declared plume source using a visual sensor. Because images taken in near shore oceanic environments are very vague and colors in the images are not well-defined, we adopt a fuzzy color extractor to segment the color components and recognize the chemical plume and its source by measuring color similarity. The source verification module is tested by images taken during the CPT missions.
Deregulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms by the Hepatitis B Virus X Protein in Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Andrisani Ourania
Published: March 2013

This review focuses on the significance of deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein in hepatocarcinogenesis and HBV replication. Epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation, and specific histone modifications, e.g., trimethylation of H3 on lysine-27 or lysine-4, maintain ‘cellular memory’ by silencing expression of lineage-inducing factors in stem cells and conversely, of pluripotency factors in differentiated cells. The X protein has been reported to induce expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), likely promoting epigenetic changes during hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, in cellular and animal models of X-mediated oncogenic transformation, protein levels of chromatin modifying proteins Suz12 and Znf198 are down-regulated. Suz12 is essential for the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) mediating the repressive trimethylation of H3 on lysine-27 (H3K27me3). Znf198, stabilizes the LSD1-CoREST-HDAC complex that removes, via lysine demethylase1 (LSD1), the activating trimethylation of H3 on lysine-4 (H3K4me3). Down-regulation of Suz12 also occurs in liver tumors of woodchucks chronically infected by woodchuck hepatitis virus, an animal model recapitulating HBV-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis in humans. Significantly, subgroups of HBV-induced liver cancer re-express hepatoblast and fetal markers, and imprinted genes, suggesting hepatocyte reprogramming during oncogenic transformation. Lastly, down-regulation of Suz12 and Znf198 enhances HBV replication. Collectively, these observations suggest deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms by HBV X protein influences both the viral cycle and the host cell.
Nuklearmedizin im Dschungel der Vorschriften
Authors: Meyer G. J.
Published: March 2013

Die Nuklearmedizin wird in zunehmendem Maße von administrativen Regularien betroffen. Neben den strahlenschutzrechtlichen Auflagen und Überwachungsmaßnahmen sind dies immer aufwändigere Auflagen und Maßnahmen zur Überwachung und Kontrolle der Herstellung von Radiopharmaka. Diese resultieren aus immer weiter greifenden Vorschriften zur Arzneimittelsicherheit. Dieser Beitrag versucht, die zum Teil sehr verflochtenen Zuständigkeiten der regulatorisch wirkenden Behörden und Institutionen zu beschreiben.
Le patrimoine comme chronogenèse . Réflexions sur l'espace et le temps
Authors: Héritier Stéphane
Published: March 2013

Le patrimoine est devenu un terme particulièrement utilisé dans le vocabulaire politique et culturel tout autant qu’il est devenu très usité dans le monde académique. De l’avis de bien des auteurs, tout serait devenu patrimoine. Certains s’inquiètent de cette inflation patrimoniale, considérée comme un symptôme d’un nouveau rapport au temps présent. Cette contribution tente de montrer, en partant du champ d’investigation travaillé par les géographes, que toutes ces approches peuvent en réalité être reconsidérées de manière plus globale. Ce texte pose l’hypothèse qu’elles s’inscrivent dans une chronogenèse , c’est-à-dire une mise en récit des éléments épars grâce à la création d’un discours caractérisé par une accumulation de signes et d’éléments permettant de penser et de se représenter linéairement l’image-temps. En s’inspirant notamment du travail engagé par P. Ricœur sur la notion de temporalité, ce texte défend l’idée que les éléments patrimonialisés participent d’une logique de mise en intrigue, et plus largement d’une mise en cohérence d’éléments hétérogènes, servant à articuler des récits. Ceux-ci autorisent à repenser une certaine unité de l’histoire de l’humanité dans son rapport au monde physique.
Le retrait résidentiel
Authors: Loudier-Malgouyres Céline
Published: March 2013

La vogue des résidences fermées correspond à des impératifs économiques, mais également à des choix résidentiels. Les habitants de ces ensembles veulent bénéficier de la protection de l’individuel par le collectif, sans pour autant ressentir l’étouffement de la ville ni la pression du village ; ils veulent pouvoir délimiter leur propre territoire, et s’y sentir tranquilles.
Émiettement et exclusivisme social
Authors: Mongin Olivier
Published: March 2013

Comme l’a montré Éric Charmes dans la Ville émiettée. Essai sur la clubbisation de la vie urbaine , la périurbanisation opère moins un étalement qu’un émiettement paysager, social et politique de la ville. On crée des « clubs », qui ne sont pas seulement fondés sur le désir d’être « en sécurité » et cherchent une troisième voie entre le village et la grande ville... mais les néo-urbains souhaitent tout de même profiter des services de la métropole.
Peut-on encore vivre en ville ?
Authors: Jaillet Marie-Christine
Published: March 2013

Le mode de vie périurbain fait l’objet de nombreuses critiques, alors même que les politiques visant à le « combattre » ont échoué. Il vaudrait donc mieux organiser l’espace périurbain, sans le dévaloriser, pour repenser la ville avec ses habitants, et non contre eux. À Toulouse, par exemple, c’est le dynamisme de la métropole qui crée l’étalement urbain, qui n’est donc pas forcément négatif, mais qu’il faut aménager, en lien avec la ville centre.
La banlieue, mythe politique français
Authors: Bevort Hugo , Rousseau Aurélien
Published: March 2013

La banlieue occupe une place originale dans l’imaginaire politique français. Au-delà d’un retour sur les difficultés à sortir de la représentation « ville-banlieue » dans les projets métropolitains, le mythe de la banlieue entrave la capacité à déployer un discours cohérent sur la question urbaine.
Gouverner les territoires à l'ère métropolitaine
Authors: Feltesse Vincent , Padis Marc-Olivier
Published: March 2013

L’organisation territoriale française, souvent moquée pour sa complexité, permet néanmoins d’articuler différents échelons du territoire. Le nouvel acte de la décentralisation, nécessaire, doit modifier la répartition des compétences, introduire plus de démocratie dans le gouvernement des métropoles, mais aussi laisser une marge d’expérimentation locale aux différents territoires.
La banlieue, rêve américain ou espace en voie de disparition ?
Authors: Ghorra-Gobin Cynthia
Published: March 2013

Aux États-Unis, la majorité des habitants vivent en banlieue, les suburbs , qui ne sont cependant pas hors de la ville ou tributaires d’elle, mais développent leurs propres formes de centralité et se diversifient sur le plan ethnique. On voit aussi émerger, au sein même du périurbain, des « lieux d’urbanité », des espaces piétons, qui dessinent une crise du mode de vie suburbain, mais aussi un effacement croissant de la distinction ville/banlieue/périurbain, qui semble en France si exacerbée.
L'urbain s'étale !
Authors: Lussault Michel
Published: March 2013

L’étalement aujourd’hui ne se fait plus simplement d’un centre vers une périphérie, mais entre tous types d’espaces, et l’urbanisation, qui renvoie à l’idée de concentration, crée aussi des vides qu’il ne faut plus simplement « remplir », mais aménager. Ce n’est qu’en renonçant aux divisions plein/ vide, ville/nature, urbain/rural, que cela deviendra possible.
La fin de l'État de barbarie ?
Authors: Filiu Jean-Pierre , Schaer Laure-Marie
Published: March 2013

La révolution arabe est un mouvement historique, aboutissement contemporain de la nahda , la renaissance arabe. La Syrie est au cœur de ce bouleversement, et la révolution qui s’y déroule doit être comprise au regard de l’histoire, comme de la structure de l’État syrien, qui parvient encore à se maintenir au niveau international, bien qu’il ne soit plus en réalité qu’une fiction. C’est au peuple syrien qu’il faut s’intéresser, si l’on veut qu’il puisse conquérir sa liberté.
Vidéo-recherche, analyse réflexive et reconstruction des pratiques d'accueil dans une crèche italienne
Authors: Pegoraro Elena , Milani Paola
Published: March 2013

La présente contribution porte sur les relations quotidiennes entre crèches et familles en analysant deux moments spécifiques : l’accueil le matin et les retrouvailles entre enfants et parents l’après-midi. L’étude, basée sur la méthodologie de la vidéo-recherche, propose comme premier objectif de faire émerger la « géographie » des frontières entre la crèche et les familles. Il s’agit d’aider les éducatrices à analyser le texte et le sous-texte des différents messages de positionnement qu’elles-mêmes et les parents s’envoient réciproquement, en passant d’un contexte à l’autre. Le second objectif poursuivi est de soutenir les éducatrices dans leur effort pour épauler efficacement les mères, les pères et les enfants lors de ce délicat passage quotidien de la maison à la crèche et vice versa.
Participation parentale au préscolaire : apprentissages et pratiques communautaires au Chili
Authors: Rupin Pablo
Published: March 2013

S’inscrivant dans le courant de « l’apprentissage situé », le texte propose une analyse de la participation parentale en tant qu’espace d’apprentissage pour les adultes impliqués dans des structures d’éducation et d’accueil de la petite enfance. Une approche qualitative, s’appuyant pour l’essentiel sur la réalisation d’entretiens collectifs, a été choisie pour présenter l’exemple d’expériences chiliennes non conventionnelles. Il s’agit de lieux d’accueil qui font appel à la participation parentale en tant qu’élément structurel de leur fonctionnement, s’insérant en même temps dans le tissu communautaire local. Au-delà des diverses pratiques participatives observées, de leurs possibles conséquences et limitations, la présence d’un modèle d’action communautaire semble développer des processus d’apprentissage informel, notamment d’ordre politique.
Engagement éducatif parental, estime de soi et mobilisation scolaire de collégiens
Authors: Bardou Émeline , Oubrayrie-Roussel Nathalie , Lescarret Odette
Published: March 2013

Cette étude vise à analyser l’influence de l’engagement éducatif parental perçu sur la mobilisation scolaire des collégiens et le rôle médiateur éventuel de l’estime de soi. Nous avons eu recours à une approche quantitative incluant la passation, puis la validation statistique de plusieurs échelles auprès d’un échantillon de 405 collégiens, permettant la mise à l’épreuve de notre hypothèse à l’aide d’analyses de régression linéaire. Les résultats confortent l’hypothèse générale selon laquelle l’estime de soi présente des effets médiateurs sur la relation entre l’engagement parental et la mobilisation scolaire.
Permafrost in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories
Authors: Smith M W
Published: March 2013

Variations in ground temperature regime and permafrost distribution were studied between 1969 and 1971 in a small area in the east-central part of the Mackenzie Delta about 50 km northwest of Inuvik, Northwest Territories. The Delta is an area of active
sedimentation and erosion, and about 50 per cent of the study area is covered by water. A major distributary in the study area is undergoing lateral migration, and the local configuration of permafrost is closely related to the history of river migration. The vegetation shows a successional sequence
related to river migration indicating a complex interaction between vegetation, topography, and microclimate. The major objectives of the study were to: (1) describe the permafrost and ground temperature variations in the study area; (2) understand how local environmental factors influence the
ground temperature field; and (3) analyze the development of the present ground temperature field in terms of its position in the long-term migration history of a shifting channel. In order to monitor the ground temperature variations, boreholes were drilled to various depths up to 30 m.
Temperatures were measured with thermistors, and these measurements were augmented with seismic and resistivity surveys. Lake and river temperatures also were recorded and ground materials were sampled from boreholes. Measurements of ground temperatures, snow depths, and ice cover were made in
winter. Permafrost is discontinuous; calculations indicate that permafrost is absent beneath channels and lakes that are wider than 80 to 100 m. Ground temperatures are warmer close to water bodies, and the permafrost table falls steeply beneath cutbanks. Observations indicate permafrost thicknesses
of between 50 to 65 m in stable, spruce-covered areas. Calculations show that the maximum permafrost thickness in the area is about 100 m at sites most distant from water bodies. Beneath slip-off slopes, where temperatures are warmer than beneath cutbanks, permafrost is only 2. 5 to 9 rn thick,
thickens away from the river, and disappears towards it. Permafrost is absent in some places where winter snow drifts are deep. Using simple heat conduction theory a consistent explanation of permafrost distribution in terms of local environmental factors is developed. The heat conduction models are
suitable for ground temperature prediction, with agreement typically within 20. S°C of observed values for most sites. Calculations of thermal disturbance due to channel shifting are in general agreement with observations, although omission of the latent heat term leads to some
errors.
Online or not? A comparison of students’ experiences of an online and an on-campus class
Authors: Mgutshini Tennyson
Published: March 2013

Educational discourse has long portrayed online, or e-based, learning and all non-campus-based learning options as second best to traditional face-to-face options. Critically much of the research and debate in this area of study has focused on evidence relating to student performance, attrition and retention with little consideration of the total learning experience, which values both the traditional learning outcome measures side-by-side with student-centered factors, such as students’ satisfaction with their learning experience. The objective of this study was to present a synchronous head-to-head comparison between online and campus-based students’ experiences of an undergraduate course. This paper reports on a qualitative comparative cross-sectional study, which used multiple data collection approaches to assess student learning and student satisfaction of 61 students who completed a semester of an undergraduate course. Of the 61 students, 34 were enrolled purely as online students, whilst the remaining 27 students studied the same material entirely through the traditional face-to-face medium. Methods included a standardised student satisfaction survey and an ‘achievement of learning outcomes’ measurement tool. Students on the online cohort performed better in areas where ‘self-direction’ in learning was indicated, for example self-directed problem-based tasks within the course. Online students gave less positive self-assessments of their perceived content mastery than their campus-based counterparts, despite performing just as well in both summative and formative assignments. A multi-factorial comparison shows online students to have comparable educational success and that, in terms of student satisfaction, online learners reported more satisfaction with their learning experience than their campus-based counterparts.