bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Penumbral Reperfusion on Clinical Outcome Depends on Baseline Ischemic Core Volume
Authors: Chen Chushuang , Parsons Mark W. , Clapham Matthew , Oldmeadow Christopher , Levi Christopher R. , Lin Longting , Cheng Xin , Lou Min , Kleinig Timothy J. , Butcher Kenneth S. , Dong Qiang , Bivard Andrew
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose—

In alteplase-treated patients with acute ischemic stroke, we investigated the relationship between penumbral reperfusion at 24 hours and clinical outcomes, with and without adjustment for baseline ischemic core volume.

Methods—

Data were collected from consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients with baseline and follow-up perfusion imaging presenting to hospital within 4.5 hours of symptom onset at 7 hospitals. Logistic regression models were used for predicting the effect of the reperfused penumbral volume on the dichotomized modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days and improvement of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at 24 hours, both adjusted for baseline ischemic core volume.

Results—

This study included 1507 patients. Reperfused penumbral volume had moderate ability to predict 90-day mRS 0 to 1 (area under the curve, 0.77;
R
2
, 0.28;
P
<0.0001). However, after adjusting for baseline ischemic core volume, the reperfused penumbral volume was a strong predictor of good functional outcome (area under the curve, 0.946;
R
2
, 0.55;
P
<0.0001). For every 1% increase in penumbral reperfusion, the odds of achieving mRS 0 to 1 at day 90 increased by 7.4%. Improvement in acute 24-hour National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was also significantly related to the degree of reperfused penumbra (
R
2
, 0.31; P<0.0001). This association was again stronger after adjustment for baseline ischemic core volume (
R
2
, 0.41;
P
<0.0001). For each 1% of penumbra that was reperfused, the 24-hour National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale decreased by 0.069 compared with baseline.

Conclusions—

In patients treated with alteplase, the extent of the penumbra that is reperfused is a powerful predictor of early and late clinical outcomes, particularly when baseline ischemic core is taken into account.
ʻHow Bourgeois Were the Bourgeois Revolutions?ʼ
Authors: Gerstenberger Heide
Published: September 2017

While the overview concerning debates on bourgeois revolutions is impressive, it cannot elucidate the theoretical concept of bourgeois revolutions. Neil Davidson’s own suggestion centres on the removal of hindrances to the breakthrough of capitalism, especially the pre-capitalist state. This formalistic definition is based on the assumption that revolutions occurred when the superstructure became a hindrance to the further development of productive forces. It deprives the theoretical concept of bourgeois revolutions of any concrete historical content. This paper suggests restricting the use of the theoretical concept ‘bourgeois revolution’ to those revolutionary changes of domination and appropriation which occurred in European societies of theancien régime.
Typhliasina Whitley 1951, an unneeded replacement name for Typhlias Hubbs 1938 (Ophidiiformes: Dinematichthyidae)
Authors: SCHARPF CHRISTOPHER
Published: September 2017

Hubbs (1938) described Typhlias pearsei, representing both a new genus and species of blind cusk-eel (Ophidiiformes: Dinematichthyidae) from freshwater caves and sinkholes of the Yucatán peninsula of Mexico. Whitley (1951:67) proposed Typhliasina as a replacement name for Typhlias, citing a list of zoological names published by Neave (1950:284), but did not mention the taxon and author to which the putative senior homonym belonged. Cohen and Nielsen (1978:60) treated Typhliasina as a junior synonym of Ogilbia Jordan & Evermann 1898 in their provisional classification of the Ophidiiformes, wherein they mentioned that Typhlias Hubbs 1938 is preoccupied by Typhlias Bryce 1910 in rotifers. Typhlias Bryce 1910 has subsequently been given as the senior homonym in three important works: the FAO species catalog of ophidiiform fishes (Nielsen & Cohen 1999:134), Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America (Nielsen 2003:507), and a revisionary study (Møller et al. 2004:186) in which Typhliasina is resurrected from the synonymy of Ogilbia. However, a careful reading of Neave (1950) and Bryce (1910) reveals a fact that had apparently been overlooked: Typhlias Bryce 1910 is not an available name, but a lapsus for Typhlina Ehrenberg 1831.
Cancer neptuni Linnaeus, 1768 (now Alima neptuni): original description, authorship and date of publication (Crustacea: Stomatopoda: Squillidae)
Authors: LOW MARTYN E. Y. , AHYONG SHANE T.
Published: September 2017

The original description of the stomatopod species Cancer neptuni (currently known as Alima neptuni) has been accepted as being published in the third volume of the twelfth edition of the Systema naturae by Linnaeus (1768a: 226) by virtually all authors (e.g., Manning & Lewinsohn 1986: 13; Holthuis 2000: 17, 18; Ahyong 2001: 188; Ahyong 2002: 362; Ahyong 2005: 206; Lucatelli et al. 2012: 282). Linnaeus (1768a) is known to have been published after 28 January 1768 because a publication of that date is cited in the Prefatio of that work (p. [3], footnote).
The different faces of power in European Union–Russia relations
Authors: Casier Tom
Published: September 2017

This article applies Barnett and Duvall’s taxonomy of power to European Union (EU)–Russia relations aiming to understand power in its complexity and without a priori theoretical assumptions. Four different types of power – compulsory, institutional, structural and productive – feature simultaneously. It is argued that non-compulsory forms of power are key to understanding the logic of competition in EU–Russia relations in the decade preceding the 2014 Ukraine crisis, despite receiving limited scholarly attention. First, a struggle over institutional power, the capacity to control the conditions of the other actor indirectly, appeared from rivalling integration projects and competing norm diffusion. Secondly, power relations were strongly characterised by constitutive forms of power – structural and productive – in particular the capacity to produce and recognise identities, such as Europeanness. In both fields, the EU held a hegemonic position, which Russia increasingly challenged. The geopolitical reading of the change in regime in Ukraine in 2014 prompted Moscow to a radical change of strategy, by shifting the emphasis in the confrontation to compulsory power. Attempts at direct control, from annexation to sanctions, now dominate relations. Where Russia seeks to prevent the Euro-Atlantic community from gaining effective control over Ukraine through destabilisation, this can be labelled ‘negative’ compulsory power.
Self-Criticism and Depressive Symptoms: Mediating Role of Self-Compassion
Authors: Zhang Huaiyu , Watson-Singleton Natalie N. , Pollard Sara E. , Pittman Delishia M. , Lamis Dorian A. , Fischer Nicole L. , Patterson Bobbi , Kaslow Nadine J.
Published: September 2017

Self-compassion is gaining recognition as a resilience factor with implications for positive mental health. This study investigated the role of self-compassion in alleviating the effect of self-criticism on depressive symptoms. Participants were 147 urban, low-income African Americans with a recent suicide attempt. They were administered measures of self-criticism, depressive symptoms, and self-compassion. Results from this cross-sectional investigation showed that self-criticism was positively associated with depressive symptoms and negatively associated with self-compassion, and self-compassion was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Bootstrapping analysis revealed that self-compassion mediated the self-criticism–depressive symptoms link, suggesting that self-compassion ameliorates the negative impact of self-criticism on depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that low-income African Americans with recent suicide attempt histories may benefit from interventions that focus on enhancing self-compassion. These results also highlight self-compassion as a positive trait with promise to improve people’s quality of life and suggest that self-compassion-focused interventions are consistent with a positive psychology framework.
Purification of Body and Soul for the Next Journey. Practices Surrounding Death and Dying Among Muslim Women
Authors: Ahaddour Chaïma , Van den Branden Stef , Broeckaert Bert
Published: September 2017

This study aims, first, to compare normative Islamic practices toward death and dying and actual practices of Moroccan Muslim women. Second, it seeks to compare the views and practices of middle-aged and elderly women. Qualitative empirical research was conducted with 30 middle-aged and elderly Moroccan Muslim women living in Antwerp (Belgium) and with 15 experts in the field. Our study shows that religious beliefs and worldview have a great impact on Muslims’ practices surrounding death and dying. More specifically, practices are strongly shaped by their eschatological beliefs. The rituals are perceived as preparations for the hereafter, entailing purification of both soul and body, and demonstrate the belief in a continued existence of the soul. We found striking similarities between our participants’ views and normative Islamic views. We did not find a more secular understanding of death and dying among the middle-aged women.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Processing Therapy and Prolonged Exposure in the Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: Rutt Benjamin T. , Oehlert Mary E. , Krieshok Thomas S. , Lichtenberg James W.
Published: September 2017

Objective

This study evaluated the effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure in conditions reflective of current clinical practice within the Veterans Health Administration.

Method

This study involved a retrospective review of 2030 charts. A total of 750 veterans from 10 U.S. states who received cognitive processing therapy or prolonged exposure in individual psychotherapy were included in the study (participants in cognitive processing therapy, N = 376; participants in prolonged exposure, N = 374). The main dependent variable was self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms as measured by total scores on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. The study used multilevel modeling to evaluate the absolute and relative effectiveness of both treatments and determine the relationship between patient-level variables and total Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist scores during treatment.

Results

Cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure were equally effective at reducing total Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist scores. Veterans who completed therapy reported significantly larger reductions in the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist than patients who did not complete therapy. There were no significant differences in the improvement of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms with respect to age and three racial/ethnic groups (Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic).

Conclusions

Cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure were shown to be effective in conditions highly reflective of clinical practice and with a highly diverse sample of veterans. Challenges related to dropout from trauma focused therapy should continue to be researched.
Evaluating Training for New Government Officials: A Case Study Using the Success Case Method
Authors: Lee Chan , Jeon Dongwon , Kim Wooseok , Lee Jaeeun
Published: September 2017

This study evaluates the training program for newly appointed government officials in Korea and presents the effectiveness of the success case method (SCM) technique for such an evaluation. The training program chosen as the case study is administered by the training institute for public officials of Korea. The SCM technique was used to evaluate this program and to draw implications that could be applied to the design of future training programs. A survey was conducted targeting 321 trainees who completed the program for newly appointed government officials, and 12 trainees were selected who showed a high level of training transfer measures for the qualitative examination. Through the analysis of semistructured interviews, the study deduced the factors that influenced effective training transfer. The results illustrate that the factors that lead to successful application of the training are 15 success factors categorized in the trainee’s individual characteristics, the training design, and the trainee’s work environment. This study provides implications that can be useful in the workplace, including the application of the SCM in evaluating training programs in the public sector, and the factors that should be considered for effective training transfer among newly appointed public officials.
Persuasive Writing With Mobile-Based Graphic Organizers in Inclusive Classrooms Across the Curriculum
Authors: Regan Kelley , Evmenova Anya S. , Good Kevin , Legget Alicia , Ahn Soo Y. , Gafurov Boris , Mastropieri Margo
Published: September 2017

As writing instruction expands beyond the language arts classroom, students with disabilities, English language learners, and others who struggle with writing continue to need support with written expression. A timely practice to support student writing is the use of technology. This study used a quasi-experimental group design to examine the effects of a mobile-based graphic organizer (MBGO) with embedded self-regulated learning strategies and strategy instruction on the persuasive writing of middle school students in an inclusive classroom. After given opportunities to practice writing in the content areas, students with and without disabilities who used the MBGO on an iPad to compose persuasive essays significantly outperformed students with and without disabilities in the control group for number of transition words and writing quality. Limitations of the study and future research suggestions are discussed.
Reflexive dis/embedding: Personal narratives, empowerment and the emotional dynamics of interstitial events
Authors: Ruebottom Trish , Auster Ellen R.
Published: September 2017

Reflexivity is required for institutional work, yet we know very little about the mechanisms for generating such understandings of the social world. We explore this gap through a case study of an interstitial event that aims to create a community of ‘change-makers’. The findings suggest that such events can generate reflexive dis/embedding through two complementary mechanisms. Specifically, personal narratives of injustice and action and individual-collective empowering generate emotional dynamics that disembed actors from their given attachments and embed them within new social bonds. Through these mechanisms, the event in the case study was able to challenge audience members’ conceptions of self and others and change their worldview. This research advances our understanding of how reflexivity can be developed by uncovering the emotional dynamics crucial to the dis/embedding of actors.
Investigating the Transformation and Transition Processes Between Dynamic Capabilities: Evidence from DHL
Authors: Prange Christiane , Bruyaka Olga , Marmenout Katty
Published: September 2017

Understanding the emergence, development, growth, or termination of dynamic capabilities (DCs) remains a critical topic of organizational research. This study contributes to and expands this stream of research by investigating the transformation and transition between two distinct DCs—acquisition-based and innovation-based—within the global logistics provider DHL across four time brackets from 1997 to 2006. Using content analysis of interviews with DHL’s managers and secondary sources, we identify DCs through bundles of underlying routines and track their evolution. Our findings provide evidence that a specific DC undergoes transformation before the company transitions to another DC, following a reactive sequence. These insights contribute to research on capability development by challenging traditional life-cycle explanations.
Against the Odds? Keeping a Nontraditional Division of Domestic Work After First Parenthood in Spain
Authors: Dominguez-Folgueras Marta , Jurado-Guerrero Teresa , Botía-Morillas Carmen
Published: September 2017

This article analyzes changes in the division of routine domestic work after first parenthood. We wanted to know whether and how it was possible for couples to resist the trend toward traditionalization that has been shown in the literature. To do so, we analyze semistructured interviews with 27 Spanish couples who were expecting their first child in 2011 and interviewed them again in 2013. The couples were selected from a bigger sample because of their nontraditional practices preparenthood. Our results show that 17 of them were able to maintain a nontraditional division of domestic work, whereas 10 traditionalized. In our analysis, relative resources and time availability did not sufficiently explain the changes in the division of work, but specific characteristics of the division of work before childbirth—men’s active participation, the routinization of tasks, and flexible standards—emerged as key factors to resist the trend toward more traditional arrangements.
Cross‐sectional Analysis of the Relationship between Paranasal Sinus Balloon Catheter Dilations and Industry Payments among Otolaryngologists
Authors: Fujiwara Rance J. T. , Shih Allen F. , Mehra Saral
Published: September 2017

Objective

To characterize the relationship between industry payments and use of paranasal sinus balloon catheter dilations (BCDs) for chronic rhinosinusitis.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional analysis of Medicare B Public Use Files and Open Payments data.

Setting

Two national databases, 2013 to 2014.

Subjects and Methods

Physicians with Medicare claims with Current Procedural Terminology codes 31295 to 31297 were identified and cross‐referenced with industry payments. Multivariate linear regression controlling for age, race, sex, and comorbidity in a physician’s Medicare population was performed to identify associations between use of BCDs and industry payments. The final analysis included 334 physicians performing 31,506 procedures, each of whom performed at least 11 balloon dilation procedures.

Results

Of 334 physicians, 280 (83.8%) received 4392 industry payments in total. Wide variation in payments to physicians was noted (range, $43.29‐$111,685.10). The median payment for food and beverage was $19.26 and that for speaker or consulting fees was $409.45. One payment was associated with an additional 3.05 BCDs (confidence interval [95% CI],1.65‐4.45; P <. 001). One payment for food and beverages was associated with 3.81 additional BCDs (95% CI, 2.13‐5.49; P <. 001), and 1 payment for speaker or consulting fees was associated with 5.49 additional BCDs (95% CI, 0.32‐10.63; P =. 04).

Conclusion

Payments by manufacturers of BCD devices were associated with increased use of BCD for chronic rhinosinusitis. On separate analyses, the number of payments for food and beverages as well as that for speaker and consulting fees was associated with increased BCD use. This study was cross‐sectional and cannot prove causality, and several factors likely exist for the uptrend in BCD use.
Survey of recent advances in 3D visual attention for robotics
Authors: Potapova Ekaterina , Zillich Michael , Vincze Markus
Published: September 2017

3D visual attention plays an important role in both human and robotics perception that yet has to be explored in full detail. However, the majority of computer vision and robotics methods are concerned only with 2D visual attention. This survey presents findings and approaches that cover 3D visual attention in both human and robot vision, summarizing the last 30 years of research and also looking beyond computational methods. First, we present work in such fields as biological vision and neurophysiology, studying 3D attention in human observers. This provides a view of the role attention plays at the system level for biological vision. Then, we cover computer and robot vision approaches that take 3D visual attention into account. We compare approaches with respect to different categories, such as feature-based, data-based, or depth-based visual attention, and draw conclusions on what advances will help robotics to cope better with complex real-world settings and tasks.
Canadian Treatment Guidelines on Psychosocial Treatment of Schizophrenia in Adults
Authors: Norman Ross , Lecomte Tania , Addington Donald , Anderson Elizabeth
Published: September 2017

Objective:

It is generally recognised that psychosocial interventions are essential components of the effective treatment of schizophrenia in adults. A considerable body of research is being published regarding the effectiveness of such interventions. In the current article, we derive recommendations reflecting the current state of evidence for their effectiveness.

Methods:

Recommendations were formulated on the basis of a review of relevant guidelines, particularly those formulated by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN) and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).

Results:

There is evidence strongly supporting the use of family interventions, supported employment programs, and cognitive-behavioural therapy. There are also reasons to recommend the use of cognitive remediation, social skills training, and life skills training under specified circumstances. It is important that all patients and families be provided with education about the nature of schizophrenia and its treatment. Several recent innovative psychosocial approaches to treatment are awaiting more thorough evaluation.

Conclusions:

There continues to be strong evidence for the effectiveness of several psychosocial interventions in improving outcomes for adults with schizophrenia. In the past decade, innovative interventions have been described, several of which are the subject of ongoing evaluative research.
Canadian Practice Guidelines for Comprehensive Community Treatment for Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Addington Donald , Anderson Elizabeth , Kelly Martina , Lesage Alain , Summerville Chris
Published: September 2017

Objective:

The objective of this review is to identify the features and components of a comprehensive system of services for people living with schizophrenia. A comprehensive system was conceived as one that served the full range of people with schizophrenia and was designed with consideration of the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia. The system should provide access to the full range of evidence-based services, should be recovery oriented, and should provide patient-centred care.

Method:

A systematic search was conducted for published guidelines for schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The guidelines were rated by at least 2 raters, and recommendations adopted were primarily drawn from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2014) Guideline on Psychosis and Schizophrenia in adults and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network guidelines on management of schizophrenia.

Results:

The recommendations adapted for Canada cover the range of services required to provide comprehensive services.

Conclusions:

Comprehensive services for people with schizophrenia can be organized and delivered to improve the quality of life of people with schizophrenia and their carers. The services need to be organized in a system that provides access to those who need them.
Canadian Schizophrenia Guidelines: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders with Coexisting Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Crockford David , Addington Donald
Published: September 2017

Objective:

Persons with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders frequently have coexisting substance use disorders that require modifications to treatment approaches for best outcomes. The objectives of this review were to identify evidence-based practices best practices that improve outcomes for individuals with schizophrenia and substance used disorders.

Method:

We reviewed guidelines that were published in the last 5 years and that included systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Most of our recommendations came from 2 publications from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): the 2011 guidance titled Coexisting Severe Mental Illness (Psychosis) and Substance Misuse: Assessment and Management in Healthcare Settings and the 2014 guidance titled Psychosis and Schizophrenia in Adults: Prevention and Management. We placed these recommendations into the Canadian context to create this guideline.

Results:

Evidence supports the inclusion of individuals with coexisting substance use disorders in first-episode psychosis programs. The programs should integrate psychosis and substance use treatments, emphasizing ongoing monitoring of both substance use and patterns and symptoms. The best outcomes are achieved with combined use of antipsychotic medications and addiction-based psychosocial interventions. However, limited evidence is available to recommend using one antipsychotic medication over another or one psychosocial intervention over another for persons with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders with coexisting substance use disorders.

Conclusions:

Treating persons who have schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders with coexisting substance use disorders can present clinical challenges, but modifications in practice can help engage and retain people in treatment, where significant improvements over time can be expected.
Guidelines for the Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia in Adults
Authors: Remington Gary , Addington Donald , Honer William , Ismail Zahinoor , Raedler Thomas , Teehan Michael
Published: September 2017

Objective:

The present guidelines address the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia in adults across different stages, phases, and symptom domains.

Method:

Guidelines were developed using the ADAPTE process, which takes advantage of existing guidelines. Six guidelines were identified for adaptation, with recommendations extracted from each. For those specific to the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia in adults, a working group selected between guidelines and recommendations to create an adapted guideline.

Results:

Recommendations can be categorized into 6 areas that include 1) first-episode schizophrenia, 2) acute exacerbation, 3) relapse prevention and maintenance treatment, 4) treatment-resistant schizophrenia, 5) clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, and 6) specific symptom domains. For each category, recommendations are made based on the available evidence, which is discussed and linked to other established guidelines.

Conclusions:

In most cases, evidence-based recommendations are made that can be used to guide current clinical treatment and decision making. Notably, however, there is a paucity of established evidence to guide treatment decision making in the case of clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, a subsample that represents a sizable proportion of those with schizophrenia.
Decision-Making Accuracy of CBM Progress-Monitoring Data
Authors: Hintze John M. , Wells Craig S. , Marcotte Amanda M. , Solomon Benjamin G.
Published: September 2017

This study examined the diagnostic accuracy associated with decision making as is typically conducted with curriculum-based measurement (CBM) approaches to progress monitoring. Using previously published estimates of the standard errors of estimate associated with CBM, 20,000 progress-monitoring data sets were simulated to model student reading growth of two-word increase per week across 15 consecutive weeks. Results indicated that an unacceptably high proportion of cases were falsely identified as nonresponsive to intervention when a common 4-point decision rule was applied, under the context of typical levels of probe reliability. As reliability and stringency of the decision-making rule increased, such errors decreased. Findings are particularly relevant to those who use a multi-tiered response-to-intervention model for evaluating formative changes associated with instructional intervention and evaluating responsiveness to intervention across multiple tiers of intervention.
Strong Women Never Mumble: Female Athlete Attitudes About Sexual Consent
Authors: McGovern Jen
Published: September 2017

Research demonstrating the effect of sports’ hypermasculine culture on athlete attitudes about sexual consent primarily focuses on men. Female athletes routinely engage with the same culture but their beliefs about sexual communication are rarely examined. This study examines the unique ways that athletic norms of hegemonic masculinity intersect with embodied lived experiences to influence female athletes’ perceptions of consent communication. Data were gathered from surveys and focus group interviews at a midsized university in the Northeast. The findings indicate that athletic women place emphasis on confidently saying “no” in ambiguous sexual situations. Data also show that female athletes’ attitudes about sexual consent differ from their nonathletic peers even though both groups experience many of the same sexual pressures. The research demonstrates how athletic women’s gendered practices are constituted by their status as women and as athletes and suggests that future training programs should aim to incorporate perspectives of women athletes.
Multi-objective optimization of green powder-mixed electrical discharge machining of tungsten carbide alloy
Authors: Singh Jagdeep , Sharma Rajiv K
Published: September 2017

Machining of difficult-to-machine materials produces huge amount of slurry and harmful aerosol concentration in the atmosphere, which are investigated in this work. In this study, an integrated framework was designed for the multi-response parametric optimization of powder-mixed electrical discharge machining of tungsten carbide alloy keeping into account both manufacturing and environmental aspects. Experiments were conducted using Taguchi L27 orthogonal array (OA), and process optimization was achieved using grey, grey-fuzzy, and grey-adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system–integrated approach. The multi-objective optimization techniques provide optimal parameter settings, i.e. medium pulse-on time (50 µs), low dielectric level (40 mm), medium current intensity (6 A), and high flushing pressure (0.6 kg/cm2). Results conclude that medium input discharge energies (pulse-on time and current intensity) are optimal for machining difficult-to-machine materials to produce low aerosol concentration. The comparison between the grades was performed to show the effectiveness of optimization approaches relative to each other. Finally, confirmation experiments were also conducted to indicate the effectiveness of the adopted optimization approach.
Conceptual design of the hybrid hydraulic system based on adjacency matrices operations
Authors: Xiang Ming , Wang Delun
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a new method to describe the selection design of directional control valves in the form of matrix. The directional control valves in hybrid are the basic units to implement the distribution of flow in the hydraulic system. Both the design requirements of the hybrid hydraulic system and the basic units are expressed by the adjacency matrices. Therefore, the selection design of directional control valves is the process to decompose the adjacency matrix of the system into a series of sub-matrices according to the decomposition rules. The defined rules of adjacency matrices are obtained according with the composite physical model of several valves. For obtaining easily the selection design of directional control valves, the library of basic units is established. The style of directional control valves is obtained by matching the sub-matrices with the matrices of basic units. Through configuring the others components, a thorough conceptual design process of the hydraulic system is established. Example is given to illustrate the whole design process in detail.
The construction of anger in comments on the public behavior of members of the social elite in Chile
Authors: Arancibia María Cristina , Montecino Lésmer
Published: September 2017

Digital media is a platform of immediate presence that rests on a demediatized communication. It favors virtual collective action that allows digital citizens, in contexts of accentuated social inequality, to construe themselves as anti-establishment. Our research explores the co-participative construction of an online shitstorm, in comments posted on websites generated to respond to power abuse and inequity in Chilean society. The construction of citizens’ anger in digital discourse will be analyzed in light of the postulates of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and in the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The corpus analyzed consists of 500 comments issued between April and July 2016 to contest a powerful Chilean businessman who uploads a video to YouTube to defend himself from the public verbal attacks of a congressman. The results of the analysis show representations related to corruption, power abuse and inequity from people who conceal in the economic power they have to assert they are ordinary citizens.
Relative sea level rise, site distributions, and Neolithic settlement in the early to middle Holocene, Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Li Lan , Zhu Cheng , Qin Zhen , Storozum Michael J , Kidder Tristram R
Published: September 2017

This study details the chronology and the human consequences of early- to mid-Holocene sea level rise and the related marine transgression and regression along the east coast of China. We use archaeological and environmental data to show that there was a significant marine transgressive event that began before 9000 cal. BP. This event reached its maximum extent inland and had the greatest impact on the Jiangsu region between 9000 and 8000 cal. BP. Because of this transgression, most of the low-lying parts of modern Jiangsu Province were either covered by seawater or were converted to a wetland environment that was unsuitable for long-term human settlements until ca. 7000 cal. BP. Between 7000 and 6000 cal. BP, the sea retreated and new lands became available for colonization. Humans rapidly moved into the newly emerged lands, which were ecologically rich with diverse and abundant plants, animals, fish, and shellfish. Evidence that human settlement were earliest in the northwest and generally expanded south and east. The Taihu Plain was rapidly occupied, but because of variations in topography, hydrology, and sea level changes, the Lixiahe Plain remained a coastal lagoon until 6000–5500 cal. BP.
Prehistoric heavy metal pollution on the continental shelf off Hainan Island, South China Sea: From natural to anthropogenic impacts around 4.0 kyr BP
Authors: Xu Fangjian , Hu Bangqi , Dou Yanguang , Song Zhaojun , Liu Xiting , Yuan Shengqiang , Sun Zhilei , Li Anchun , Yin Xuebo
Published: September 2017

Human–environment interactions across historical periods in China have been well reconstructed over the past decade; however, few studies have focused on southern China, particularly Hainan Island. This study investigated two sediment cores (cores X1 and X2) collected from the continental shelf off Hainan Island in the northern South China Sea. Combined with geochemical compositions (Al, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb), Sr-Nd isotopes, grain size, and AMS 14C ages, our results showed that Cd and Cu in core X1 and Cd and Pb in core X2 have been mainly influenced by anthropogenic activities since ~4.0 kyr BP. The enrichment factors showed obvious increases starting at ~4.0 kyr BP and were in good accordance with the appearance of abundant archeological sites on Hainan Island. Significant climatic changes (i.e. decreases in the East Asian summer monsoon and increases in El Niño–Southern Oscillation activities) at ~4.0 kyr BP likely promoted more intense, localized human activities, which in turn enhanced heavy metal accumulation in the continental shelf sediments. These results provide new insights into the history of human activities on Hainan Island and indicate that the geochemical compositions of continental shelf sediments have the potential for broadening our knowledge of the human activities and cultural development in tropical areas.
Characteristics of modern biotic data and their relationship to vegetation of the Alpine zone of Chopta valley, North Sikkim, India: Implications for palaeovegetation reconstruction
Authors: Dubey Jyotsna , Ghosh Ruby , Agrawal Shailesh , Quamar MF , Morthekai P , Sharma RK , Sharma Anupam , Pandey Pratima , Srivastava Vaibhava , Ali Sheikh Nawaz
Published: September 2017

We examined the modern pollen palynomorphs (PP) distribution complemented with non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP) and stable carbon isotopic data of soil organic matter (SOM) to explore relationships of these proxies to vegetation communities in the Chopta valley, a closed valley in alpine zone of the North Sikkim, India, in an attempt to check the efficiency for reconstructing past vegetation and climate. A total of 24 surface soil samples were collected from both the windward and leeward sides of the valley and they did not show any significant difference in the palynoassemblages. The average value of δ13C is −26.6%, which clearly indicates a C3-dominated vegetation in this valley which is also corroborated by the palynological data. However, signature of upthermic wind transport was evident by the significant presence of extra-local and regional forest elements in the palynoassemblages. NPP data indicated grazing activity in the valley and is in conformity with the present-day scenario. Furthermore, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) done on the PP and NPP data broadly grouped the samples according to the location of collection to some extent and reflected the relationships among the taxa with the extant vegetation. This study provides a basis for future palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate reconstruction from the region.
Substance Use and Self-Harm: Case Studies From Patients Admitted to an Urban Hospital Following Medically Serious Self-Harm
Authors: Breet Elsie , Bantjes Jason
Published: September 2017

Few qualitative studies have explored the relationship between substance use and self-harm. We employed a multiple-case study research design to analyze data from 80 patients who were admitted to a hospital in South Africa following self-harm. Our analysis revealed, from the perspective of patients, a number of distinct ways in which substance use is implicated in self-harm. Some patients reported that substance intoxication resulted in poor decision making and impulsivity, which led to self-harm. Others said substance use facilitated their self-harm. Some participants detailed how in the past their chronic substance use had served an adaptive function helping them to cope with distress, but more recently, this coping mechanism had failed which precipitated their self-harm. Some participants reported that substance use by someone else triggered their self-harm. Findings suggest that there are multiple pathways and a host of variables which mediate the relationship between substance use and self-harm.
Stories of Hell and Healing: Internet Users’ Construction of Benzodiazepine Distress and Withdrawal
Authors: Fixsen Alison M. , Ridge Damien
Published: September 2017

Benzodiazepines are a group of drugs used mainly as sedatives, hypnotics, antiepileptics, and muscle relaxants. Consumption is recommended for 2 to 4 weeks only, due to fast onset of dependency and potentially distressing withdrawal symptoms. Few peer-review studies have drawn on the user experiences and language to appreciate firsthand experiences of benzodiazepine withdrawal or discontinuation syndrome. We looked extensively at patient stories of benzodiazepine withdrawal and recovery on Internet support sites and YouTube. Our analysis indicated that users employ rich metaphors to portray the psychologically disturbing and protracted nature of their suffering. We identified seven major themes: hell and isolation, anxiety and depression, alienation, physical distress, anger and remorse, waves and windows, and healing and renewal. By posting success stories, ex-users make known that “healing” can be a long, unpredictable process, but distress does lessen, and recovery can happen.
A Discourse Analysis: One Caregiver’s Voice in End-of-Life Care
Authors: Kitt-Lewis Erin , Strauss Susan , Penrod Janice
Published: September 2017

Informal family caregivers make a significant contribution to the U.S. health care system, and the need for caregivers will likely increase. Gaining deeper insights into the caregiver experience will provide essential knowledge needed to support the future caregiver workforce delivering care. Discourse analysis is a viable approach in analyzing textual caregiver data that focuses on the end-of-life caregiving experience. The purpose of this study was to conduct an in-depth discourse analytic examination of 13 hours of caregiver interview data, which reveal the multiplicity of shifting stances and perceptions of one caregiver in the midst of end-of-life care, specifically with regard to his perceptions of self (caregiver) and other (care recipient). By isolating a specific but limited set of reference terms used throughout the discourse, we gained systematic glimpses into the mind and perceptions of this single caregiver in relation to his role as caregiver for his terminally ill wife.
Mid-Sole Release of the Plantar Fascia Combined With Percutaneous Drilling of the Calcaneus for Treatment of Resistant Heel Pain
Authors: Rizk Ahmed Shawkat , Kandel Wael A. , Tabl Eslam Abd Elshafi , Kandil Mahmoud I.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Heel pain with or without calcaneal spur is a challenging problem. Once conservative measures have failed, surgery may be indicated; there has been debate about the best surgical procedure. Two standard operative procedures have been either releasing the plantar fascia or removing the spur with drilling of the calcaneus. In this study, we evaluated the results of percutaneous drilling of the calcaneus combined with mid-sole release of the plantar fascia for treatment of resistant heel pain.

Methods:

This study included 20 cases with resistant heel pain after failure of conservative measures for 6 months. Clinical, radiological evaluation and scoring patients’ conditions according to the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot scale was done preoperatively and postoperatively. Percutaneous drilling of the calcaneus combined with mid-sole release of the plantar fascia was done in all cases, and the functional results were evaluated through the follow-up period that extended from 9 to 16 months with a mean duration of 12 ± 2.3 months.

Results:

There was statistically significant improvement in the mean AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot scale score from 50.8 ± 7.5 preoperatively to 91.6 ± 7 postoperatively at the last follow-up. There were no surgery-related complications, and the mean time for full recovery was 8 ± 3.7 weeks with no recurrence of pain by the last follow-up.

Conclusions:

The results were very satisfactory with using this minimally invasive and simple technique for treatment for resistant heel pain.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Gastrocnemius Contracture in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Jastifer James R. , Green Adam
Published: September 2017

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease affecting multiple joints of the body. More than 90% of patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis develop foot or ankle pain over the course of their disease. The purpose of the current study was to report ankle dorsiflexion in rheumatoid arthritis patients as well as a control group utilizing a validated measurement instrument.

Methods:

Using a previously validated device, 70 patients presenting with rheumatoid arthritis and 70 controls were measured for ankle range motion and isolated gastrocnemius contractures. Clinical and goniometer measurement of ankle range of motion was also performed.

Results:

The rheumatoid arthritis group had a mean dorsiflexion of 12.3 degrees compared to a mean of 17.3 degrees in the control group ( P < .05). The difference in dorsiflexion was significantly less utilizing a goniometer than using the validated device, which may be due to measurement technique and external landmarks ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had less ankle dorsiflexion than the control group. The clinical significance of this study is that it provides evidence that patients with rheumatoid arthritis have decreased ankle dorsiflexion even despite a lack of foot and ankle pain. In light of the high lifetime incidence of foot and ankle pain in these patients, this study provides some evidence that the decreased ankle dorsiflexion may be a contributing factor in foot and ankle pain, but further studies are needed.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective cohort study.
Function-Based Intervention Plans: What and How to Teach
Authors: Liaupsin Carl J. , Cooper Justin T.
Published: September 2017

Most function-based intervention plans (FBIP) discuss what to teach, but often fail to address effective methods for teaching the skills addressed in the plan. This article discusses the various parts of the FBIP plan that may require teaching and provides potential instructional approaches for teaching the components of the FBIP to students and others.
Trauma-Informed Parenting Classes Delivered to Rural Kinship Parents: A Pilot Study
Authors: Foli Karen J. , Woodcox Stephanie , Kersey Susan , Zhang Lingsong , Wilkinson Brooke
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND: Without an informed approach, kinship parents, often grandparents, may struggle to effectively interact with their children who have experienced trauma. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the overall impact and acceptability of a trauma-informed parenting curriculum delivered to 16 rural-dwelling kinship parents. Nursing faculty partnered with Cooperative Extension Educators to deliver this curriculum, developed by the National Child Traumatic Stress Network. Semistructured interviews, an acceptability survey, and measures of parent, child, and family environment were used. DESIGN: This pilot, multisite, mixed-methods, intervention study employed a pre–post, paired test design. RESULTS: Significant differences were revealed on select items that measured parent–child nurturing and the families’ cultural, political, and intellectual activities with posttest scores lower than pretest scores. Themes revealed processing the aftermath of child trauma and being a kinship parent. CONCLUSIONS: Although quantitative measures failed to demonstrate the impact of the curriculum, qualitative and satisfaction data provide preliminary evidence to support this intervention.
You Do What? A Qualitative Investigation Into the Motivation to Volunteer With Circles of Support and Accountability
Authors: Lowe Giulia , Willis Gwenda , Gibson Kerry
Published: September 2017

Most community members are not accepting of individuals convicted for sexual offenses living in their communities, let alone having regular contact with them. However, a select number of community members choose to give their time to assist these individuals reintegrate from prison into the community. Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA) was developed as a way to address the issues that many individuals convicted of sex offenses face, that is, little to no prosocial support in the community. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 CoSA volunteers in New Zealand to gain a more thorough understanding of volunteers’ motivation to be involved with CoSA. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Three key themes of motivation were identified: (a) Restorative and Justice-Based Motivation, (b) Altruistic Motivation, and (c) Faith-Based Motivation. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future recruitment of volunteers for CoSAs.