bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a novel 3D immersive visualisation tool for manual image matching
Authors: Byrd B. , Warren M. , Fenwick J. , Bridge P.
Published: May 2019

Aim:

The novel Volumetric Image Matching Environment for Radiotherapy (VIMER) was developed to allow users to view both computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) datasets within the same 3D model in virtual reality (VR) space. Stereoscopic visualisation of both datasets combined with custom slicing tools and complete freedom in motion enables alternative inspection and matching of the datasets for image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT).

Material and methods:

A qualitative study was conducted to explore the challenges and benefits of VIMER with respect to image registration. Following training and use of the software, an interview session was conducted with a sample group of six university staff members with clinical experience in image matching.

Results:

User discomfort and frustration stemmed from unfamiliarity with the drastically different input tools and matching interface. As the primary advantage, the users reported match inspection efficiency when presented with the 3D volumetric renderings of the planning and secondary CBCT datasets.

Findings:

This study provided initial evidence for the achievable benefits and limitations to consider when implementing a 3D voxel-based dataset comparison VR tool including a need for extensive training and the minimal interruption to IGRT workflow. Key advantages include efficient 3D anatomical interpretation and the capability for volumetric matching.
Psychology and Management of the Workforce in Post-Stalinist Hungary
Authors: Laine-Frigren Tuomas
Published: May 2019

Over recent years, there has been a growing academic interest in the history of psychological disciplines and mental health in the Soviet Union and eastern Europe. This article explores psychological sciences and social planning in post-Stalinist Hungary after 1956. The focus is on the psychology of work as a socially- and historically-situated discourse. The article demonstrates how psychologists started to promote their expertise to reform the practices of management and to “humanize” the conditions of work. They suggested practical remedies for everyday problems of worker motivation and social adjustment and introduced concepts from social psychology to improve the state of interpersonal relations at the workplace. The study argues that the workplace was a particular context in which a post-Stalinist reassessment of the government's ideology was acted out. To elaborate this more fully, both published texts and archival materials are analyzed in the framework of the governmentality thesis, as developed by Nikolas Rose. In this context, the concept of the “human factor” crystallized different but reconcilable interests between psychology experts and party politicians.
A New Model of the Crustal Magnetic Field of Mars Using MGS and MAVEN
Authors: Langlais Benoit , Thébault Erwan , Houliez Aymeric , Purucker Michael E. , Lillis Robert J.
Published: May 2019

While devoid of an active magnetic dynamo field today, Mars possesses a remanent magnetic field that may reach several thousand nanoteslas locally. The exact origin and the events that have shaped the crustal magnetization remain largely enigmatic. Three magnetic field data sets from two spacecraft collected over 13 cumulative years have sampled the Martian magnetic field over a range of altitudes from 90 up to 6,000 km: (a) Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) magnetometer (1997–2006), (b) MGS Electron Reflectometer (1999–2006), and (c) Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) magnetometer (2014 to today). In this paper we combine these complementary data sets for the first time to build a new model of the Martian internal magnetic field. This new model improves upon previous ones in several aspects: comprehensive data coverage, refined data selection scheme, modified modeling scheme, discrete‐to‐continuous transformation of the model, and increased model resolution. The new model has a spatial resolution of ∼160 km at the surface, corresponding to spherical harmonic degree 134. It shows small scales and well‐defined features, which can now be associated with geological signatures.
Global Diagnostics of Ionospheric Absorption During X‐Ray Solar Flares Based on 8‐ to 20‐MHz Noise Measured by Over‐the‐Horizon Radars
Authors: Berngardt O. I. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , St‐Maurice J.‐P. , Marchaudon A. , Kosch M. J. , Yukimatu A. S. , Nishitani N. , Shepherd S. G. , Marcucci M. F. , Hu H. , Nagatsuma T. , Lester M.
Published: May 2019

An analysis of noise attenuation during 80 solar flares between 2013 and 2017 was carried out at frequencies 8–20 MHz using 34 Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radars and the EKB ISTP SB RAS radar. The attenuation was determined on the basis of noise measurements performed by the radars during the intervals between transmitting periods. The location of the primary contributing ground sources of noise was found by consideration of the propagation paths of radar backscatter from the ground. The elevation angle for the ground echoes was determined through a new empirical model. It was used to determine the paths of the noise and the location of its source. The method was particularly well suited for daytime situations, which had to be limited for the most part to only two crossings through the D region. Knowing the radio path was used to determine an equivalent vertical propagation attenuation factor. The change in the noise during solar flares was correlated with solar radiation lines measured by GOES/XRS, GOES/EUVS, SDO/AIA, SDO/EVE, SOHO/SEM, and PROBA2/LYRA instruments. Radiation in the 1 to 8 Å and near 100 Å are shown to be primarily responsible for the increase in the radionoise absorption, and by inference, for an increase in the D and E region density. The data are also shown to be consistent with a radar frequency dependence having a power law with an exponent of −1.6. This study shows that a new data set can be made available to study D and E regions.
Defensive Investment in Municipal Water Hardness Reduction
Authors: Farah Naima , Torell Gregory L.
Published: May 2019

Household willingness to pay (WTP) for reductions in water hardness was estimated using a defensive investment framework. Using total dissolved solids data observed in municipal water supplies in combination with product‐by‐store level point‐of‐sale scanner data on consumable water softening product sales, we reveal preference estimates of WTP for water hardness reduction and quality control. Using instrumental variable regressions, we show that household marginal WTP increases as the observed total dissolved solids in municipal water increases. Estimations show that on average a household is willing to pay approximately $12 annually to reduce municipal water hardness, which is around 4% of the average annual water utility bill in the United States. Aggregated county WTP estimates vary geographically. Households have a nonnegligible WTP for water hardness reduction, which has important policy implications for optimal water hardness management by municipal water authorities and those policies aimed to target salinity management within surface and subsurface water supplies. Particularly, this paper informs municipal water managers of the demand side of water hardness issues and that desalination can be a solution to solve water hardness issues in some areas but not everywhere.
Calculating the Risk of Rare Floods
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth
Published: May 2019

The first spatially realistic catalog of synthetic flood event risk across the entire United States uncovers high-risk areas and estimates the probability of another Katrina–level flood loss.
A New Road Map for Assessing the Effects of Solar Geoengineering
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: May 2019

A special issue dedicated to modeling the impacts of stratospheric sulfur dioxide injections is a crucial step toward understanding the climate goals this intervention can—and cannot—achieve.
House OK’s Bill for U.S. to Stay in Paris Climate Accord
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: May 2019

Democrats and environmental groups applaud the first major piece of climate legislation to pass the House in 10 years, but chances for passage in the Senate are slim.
Impact of Irrigation on Regional Climate Over Eastern China
Authors: Kang Suchul , Eltahir Elfatih A.B.
Published: May 2019

Irrigated area has rapidly expanded over the North China Plain (NCP), over the second half of the twentieth century. Simultaneously, there has been an observed increase in specific humidity and precipitation and a decrease in surface temperature during summer. The impacts of irrigation on regional climate in Eastern China are investigated using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology‐Regional Climate Model with irrigation module. The results of our experiments clearly support that surface cooling as well as enhanced precipitation are attributable to irrigation over the NCP. The irrigation‐induced soil moisture change simulated over the NCP during summer resulted in cooler surface temperatures by 1~4°C over this region, which led to a reduction of the planetary boundary layer, higher surface pressure, and significant changes in low‐level circulation. Our results indicate that moisture convergence is enhanced over Hebei and Henan province along the Taihang‐Mountain, which generated a significant increase in precipitation by 20~40% over this region.
Strain-induced reversible manipulation of orbital magnetic moments in Ni/Cu multilayers on ferroelectric BaTiO3
Authors: Okabayashi Jun , Miura Yoshio , Taniyama Tomoyasu
Published: May 2019

Controlling magnetic anisotropy by orbital magnetic moments related to interfacial strains has considerable potential for the development of future devices using spins and orbitals. For the fundamental physics, the relationship between strain and orbital magnetic moment is still unknown, because there are few tools to probe changes of orbital magnetic moment. In this study, we developed an electric field (E)-induced X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (EXMCD) technique to apply E to a ferroelectric BaTiO3 substrate. We reversibly tuned the interfacial lattice constants of Ni/Cu multilayers on BaTiO3 using this technique. As the domain structures in BaTiO3 are modulated by E, EXMCD measurements reveal that the changes in the magnetic anisotropy of Ni/Cu films are induced through the modulation of orbital magnetic moments in Ni with magneto-elastic contributions. The strained Ni layer that induces the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy without E is released at E = 8 kV/cm, and in-plane magnetization also occurs. We observed that EXMCD measurements clarified the origin of the reversible changes in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and established the relationship between macroscopic inverse magnetostriction effects and microscopic orbital moment anisotropy.
Anomalous quantum oscillations and evidence for a non-trivial Berry phase in SmSb
Authors: Wu Fan , Guo Chunyu , Smidman Michael , Zhang Jinglei , Chen Ye , Singleton John , Yuan Huiqiu
Published: May 2019

Topologically non-trivial electronic structures can give rise to a range of unusual physical phenomena, and the interplay of band topology with other effects such as electronic correlations and magnetism requires further exploration. The rare earth monopnictides X(Sb,Bi) (X = lanthanide) are a large family of semimetals where these different effects may be tuned by the substitution of rare-earth elements. Here we observe anomalous behavior in the quantum oscillations of one member of this family, antiferromagnetic SmSb. The analysis of Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations provides evidence for a non-zero Berry phase, indicating a non-trivial topology of the α-band. Furthermore, striking differences are found between the temperature dependence of the amplitudes of de Haas-van Alphen effect oscillations, which are well fitted by the Lifshitz-Kosevich (LK) formula across the measured temperature range, and those from SdH measurements which show a significant disagreement with LK behavior at low temperatures. Our findings of unusual quantum oscillations in an antiferromagnetic, mixed valence semimetal with a possible non-trivial band topology can provide an opportunity for studying the interplay between topology, electronic correlations and magnetism.
Cluh plays a pivotal role during adipogenesis by regulating the activity of mitochondria
Authors: Cho Eugene , Jung Wonhee , Joo Hyun-Yoo , Park Eun-Ran , Kim Mi-Yeon , Kim Su-Bin , Kim Kwang Seok , Lim Young Bin , Lee Kee Ho , Shin Hyun Jin
Published: May 2019

Cluh is a cytosolic protein that is known to specifically bind the mRNAs of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins and play critical roles in mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we report the role of Cluh in adipogenesis. Our study shows that mRNA expression of Cluh is stimulated during adipogenesis, and that cAMP/Creb signalling increases its transcription. Cluh depletion impaired proper adipocyte differentiation, with reductions seen in lipid droplets and adipogenic marker gene expression. Interestingly, the inductions of the brown adipocyte-specific genes, Ucp1, Cidea and Cox7a1, are severely blocked by Cluh depletion during brown adipogenesis. Mitochondrial respiration and the stability of mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins are reduced by Cluh depletion during brown adipogenesis. These results suggest that Cluh, which is induced during adipogenesis, promotes the post-transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial proteins and supports differentiation.
Amiskwia is a large Cambrian gnathiferan with complex gnathostomulid-like jaws
Authors: Caron Jean-Bernard , Cheung Brittany
Published: May 2019

Phylogenomic studies have greatly improved our understanding of the animal tree of life but the relationships of many clades remain ambiguous. Here we show that the rare soft-bodied animal Amiskwia from the Cambrian of Canada and China, which has variously been considered a chaetognath, a nemertine, allied to molluscs, or a problematica, is related to gnathiferans. New specimens from the Burgess Shale (British Columbia, Canada) preserve a complex pharyngeal jaw apparatus composed of a pair of elements with teeth most similar to gnathostomulids. Amiskwia demonstrates that primitive spiralians were large and unsegmented, had a coelom, and were probably active nekto-benthic scavengers or predators. Secondary simplification and miniaturisation events likely occurred in response to shifting ecologies and adaptations to specialised planktonic habitats.
Cell type phylogenetics informs the evolutionary origin of echinoderm larval skeletogenic cell identity
Authors: Erkenbrack Eric M. , Thompson Jeffrey R.
Published: May 2019

The multiplicity of cell types comprising multicellular organisms begs the question as to how cell type identities evolve over time. Cell type phylogenetics informs this question by comparing gene expression of homologous cell types in distantly related taxa. We employ this approach to inform the identity of larval skeletogenic cells of echinoderms, a clade for which there are phylogenetically diverse datasets of spatial gene expression patterns. We determined ancestral spatial expression patterns of alx1, ets1, tbr, erg, and vegfr, key components of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network driving identity of the larval skeletogenic cell. Here we show ancestral state reconstructions of spatial gene expression of extant eleutherozoan echinoderms support homology and common ancestry of echinoderm larval skeletogenic cells. We propose larval skeletogenic cells arose in the stem lineage of eleutherozoans during a cell type duplication event that heterochronically activated adult skeletogenic cells in a topographically distinct tissue in early development.
Novel approaches for biomolecule immobilization in microscale systems
Authors: Chen Chuanpin , Liu Wenfang , Hong Tingting
Published: May 2019

This manuscript reviews novel approaches applied for biomolecule immobilization in microscale systems.
A novel fluorescent assay for the ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-21 with the use of G-quadruplex structures as an immobilization material for a signal indicator
Authors: Yang Ze-Zhou , Wen Zhi-Bin , Peng Xin , Chai Ya-Qin , Liang Wen-Bin , Yuan Ruo
Published: May 2019

A fluorescent assay for the ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-21 is based on immobilization of PPIX as signal indicators in massive G-quadruplex structures obtained by target recycling, three-dimensional DNA walker and RCA coupled cascade nucleic acid amplification.
Addressable activated cascade DNA sequential logic circuit model for processing identical input molecules
Authors: Tang Weiyang , Zhong Weiye , Fan Jin , Tan Yun , Huang Qichen , Liu Yizhen
Published: May 2019

A 3-bit register sequential logic circuit, constructed based on a state and activation mechanism, has a sequential storage function.
Triangeliphthalides A–D: bioactive phthalide trimers with new skeletons from Angelica sinensis and their production mechanism
Authors: Zou Jian , Chen Guo-Dong , Zhao Huan , Wang Xiao-Xia , Zhang Zai-Jun , Qu Yi-Bo , He Rong-Rong , So Kwok-Fai , Yao Xin-Sheng , Gao Hao
Published: May 2019

Four bioactive phthalide trimers with new skeletons were isolated from Angelica sinensis, and their production mechanism was proposed.
Supramolecular tripodal Au(i) assemblies in water. Interactions with a pyrene fluorescent probe
Authors: Pinto Andrea , Hernández Guillem , Gavara Raquel , Aguiló Elisabet , Moro Artur J. , Aullón Gabriel , Malfois Marc , Lima João Carlos , Rodríguez Laura
Published: May 2019

The synthesis of three gold(i) tripodal complexes derived from tripropargylamine and containing the water soluble phosphines PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane), DAPTA (3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) and TPPTS (triphenylphosfine-3,3′,3′′-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt) is described here.
New dithienosilole- and dithienogermole-based BODIPY for solar cell applications
Authors: Thumuganti Gayathri , Gupta Vinay , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: May 2019

We report two efficient donor materials for organic solar cells, namely Si-BDP and Ge-BDP, composed by the novel union of thienyl Bodipy wings and a dithienosilole/dithienogermole core.
A novel codrug made of the combination of ethionamide and its potentiating booster: synthesis, self-assembly into nanoparticles and antimycobacterial evaluation
Authors: Pastor Alexandra , Machelart Arnaud , Li Xue , Willand Nicolas , Baulard Alain , Brodin Priscille , Gref Ruxandra , Desmaële Didier
Published: May 2019

A self-assembling codrug of ethionamide with its booster induced reduction of the bacterial load in mycobacterium-infected mice upon intranasal administration.
Study on catalyst selection for electrochemical valorization of glycerol
Authors: Houache Mohamed S. E. , Hughes Kara , Baranova Elena A.
Published: May 2019

Navigating glycerol electrochemical oxidation roadmap and catalyst selection.
Algebraic criteria for reachable set estimation of delayed memristive neural networks
Authors: Zhao Jiemei
Published: May 2019

This study aims at investigating the reachable set estimation for delayed memristive neural networks (MNNs) with bounded disturbances. Under the framework of Filippov's solution and differential inclusion theory, a reachable set estimation criterion is established by means of Lyapunov functional. The obtained condition guarantees that all the states of MNNs are bounded. Moreover, a delay‐dependent feedback controller design problem for MNNs is also considered. The exponential stability and stabilisability conditions are obtained. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed results.
La supervision indirecte idéale d’après l’expérience des internes en stage autonome en soins primaires ambulatoires supervisé
Authors: Lajzerowicz Céline , Vincent Yves-Marie , Jung Catherine
Published: May 2019

Contexte et objectif : Pendant le stage autonome en soins primaires ambulatoires supervisé (SASPAS), l’interne réalise seul les consultations médicales. Son maître de stage lui apporte une rétroaction régulière lors de séances de supervision indirecte (SI). L’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer l’expérience de la SI par les internes en SASPAS, afin de faire émerger les caractéristiques de la séance de supervision idéale de leur point de vue. Méthodes : Une étude qualitative par entretiens individuels semi-dirigés a été réalisée auprès des internes en SASPAS en Aquitaine. Une analyse thématique de contenu a été menée dans une approche analytique inductive. Résultats : Douze entretiens ont été réalisés entre janvier et mars 2017. Les internes ont décrit la séance de SI idéale comme un temps pédagogique centré sur l’interne et sa pratique, dans un climat de bienveillance et d’échange entre « pairs ». Elle se déroule dans un temps et un espace dédié. La rétroaction, guidée par le maître de stage expert, est une dynamique entre validation de l’action et critique sous forme de marge de progression. L’enjeu est le développement de la réflexivité, des compétences et du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle. Conclusion : La séance de SI idéale présente les caractéristiques d’une supervision formative, centrée sur l’interne en formation. La réflexion développée sur cet outil pédagogique peut favoriser son appropriation par le maître de stage et l’interne, et amener à une amélioration des pratiques de supervision.
Engagement et éthique de la psychanalyse
Authors: Galhardo Cepil Paula
Published: May 2019

Le but de cet article est d’interroger la question de l’engagement telle qu’elle se pose pour le psychanalyste. Pour ce faire, nous interrogerons la position de neutralité et d’abstinence prônée par Freud, à la lumière de ce que Lacan a nommé l’éthique de la psychanalyse. Tout d’abord, nous chercherons à montrer que ladite neutralité est, avant d’être une question de technique analytique, une position éthique, qui implique une forme singulière d’engagement. Par ailleurs, nous tâcherons de montrer que cette articulation entre engagement et éthique de la psychanalyse ne concerne pas seulement la cure analytique, mais permet aussi de jeter des nouvelles lumières sur la tension existant entre la psychanalyse et la politique. Cela nous conduira à la conclusion selon laquelle il peut y avoir une forme d’engagement du psychanalyste dans la cité qui n’est pas en contradiction avec l’éthique du discours analytique. Ce sont les coordonnés de cette forme particulière d’engagement que nous nous efforcerons de cerner à la fin de cet article.
Le chant des oiseaux
Authors: Prieto Graciela
Published: May 2019

L’élaboration de Lacan concernant la structure de la jouissance n’admet pas les principes de non-contradiction et de tiers exclu et implique une logique ternaire. Cette nécessité logique conduit Lacan à penser la structure selon une topologie borroméenne. La structure résulte de la prise du corps vivant dans le Symbolique, autrement dit de la façon dont se nouent Réel, Symbolique et Imaginaire. Échappant à une complète formalisation mathématique, le nœud borroméen peut se poser comme le support d’une écriture autre. Selon Lacan cette écriture ne se produit pas sans des ratés. Pour que quelque chose puisse être articulé, la construction d’un quatrième terme, le Sinthome en tant qu’il est une fonction de nomination, est nécessaire. Le Sinthome impliquant une part de création ou d’invention peut intervenir dans la production de l’œuvre d’art.
Price strategies and salesforce compensation design with overconfident sales agent
Authors: Kegui Chen , Xinyu Wang , Min Huang , Xuefeng Song
Published: May 2019

Salesforce compensation and pricing decisions have invoked the interest of several academicians and practitioners for a long period of time. However, dilemma of whether the pricing decisions should be made by the firm or delegated to the sales agent, especially the overconfident agent, is still unexplored. This study tries to investigate the problems associated with this dilemma by conducting a thorough study of the scenario, it studies a supply chain that the rational manufacturer hiring an overconfident sales agent to sell its products, the agent might overestimate the demand, or underestimate the variability of the demand. These behaviors are characterized as ability-based and precision-based overconfidence respectively. The models are designed for centralized pricing and delegated pricing settings, and the sensitivity analysis are conducted. Moreover, comparative studies have also been conducted to highlight the impacts of the two types of overconfidence on the compensation decisions under different pricing strategies. It was found out that, the manufacturer favors centralized pricing, while the sales agent prefers delegated pricing. The final decisions of both sides deviate considerably from the rational scenario, overconfidence prompts the agent to exert more efforts, which ultimately enhances manufacturer’s profits that the manufacturer should hire a more overconfident agent, while not guaranteeing a higher commission rate. Overconfidence leads to the decline of the agent’s actual utility, and the loss amount increases with the overconfidence level. The influences of the both types of overconfidence are substitutable. Managerial insights are also provided for various scenarios and propositions along with numerical illustration of the finding.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural gallbladder drainage in malignant obstruction using a novel lumen-apposing stent: a case series (with video)
Authors: Chang Jonathan , Dong Elizabeth , Kwok Karl
Published: May 2019

Background and aims Current endoscopic methods of biliary decompression in malignant pancreatic neoplasms are often limited by anatomical and technical challenges. In this case series, we report our experience with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided placement of an electrocautery-enhanced, lumen-apposing self-expandable metallic stent (LAMS) via transmural gallbladder drainage.

Methods This is a retrospective case series of nine patients (five male, mean age 63.1 years) who underwent EUS-guided LAMS placement for malignant, obstructive jaundice in the pancreatic head. All nine cases were performed by an experienced interventional endoscopist at a single, tertiary medical center. We review the technical and clinical success rates as well as the incidence of procedural adverse events across the nine patients.

Results LAMS placement was technically successful in all cases and there were no procedural adverse events. Seven of nine (77.78 %) patients showed clinical and laboratory improvement immediately following the procedure. One case required re-intervention with interventional radiology guided biliary drain placement. The mean fluoroscopy time was 1.02 minutes.

Conclusions EUS-guided LAMS placement for transmural gallbladder drainage in malignant obstruction appears to be a safe and effective technique, allowing patients to proceed to surgery, chemotherapy, or hospice care.
Einfluss der Selektiven Retinatherapie (SRT) auf inflammatorische Zellmediatoren des subretinalen Raums
Authors: Richert Elisabeth , Bartsch Sofya , Hillenkamp Jost , Treumer Felix , Tode Jan , von der Burchard Claus , Brinkmann Ralf , Klettner Alexa Karina , Roider Johann
Published: May 2019

Hintergrund Ziel der Studie war es den Einfluss der Selektiven Retinatherapie (SRT) auf die Ausschüttung inflammatorischer Zellmediatoren, wie dem Komplementfaktor-3 (CC3), Tumor Growth Factor-beta2 (TGF-β2), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) und Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in einem porcinen Organkulturmodell zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden Porcine Organkulturexplantate aus retinalem Pigmentepithel (RPE), Bruch-Membran und Choroidea wurden mit 2 gepulsten Lasersystemen (SRTYLF und SRTYAG) behandelt (Nd : YLF, λ = 527 nm, Pulsdauer 1,7 µs und Nd : YAG, Wellenlänge 532 nm, Pulsdauer 2,4 – 3 µs). Es wurden 30 Pulse bei einer Repetitionsrate von 100 Hz und einer Spotgröße von 200 × 200 µm appliziert. Es wurde mit einer Energiedichte von 140 mJ/cm² pro Puls (auf der RPE-Zelltodschwelle) und 180 mJ/cm² pro Puls (über der RPE-Zelltodschwelle) behandelt. Die Explantate wurden in modifizierten Ussing-Kammern kultiviert und die Zellvitalität mittels Calcein-AM-Färbung untersucht. Die Sekretion und Expression der Zellmediatoren wurde mittels ELISA bzw. im Western Blot analysiert.

Ergebnisse Vier Tage nach SRT wurde die Regeneration der RPE-Zellen im Bereich der Läsion beobachtet. Ein Tag nach SRT mit 140 mJ/cm² pro Puls zeigte sich eine Reduktion der basolateralen CC3-Sekretion. Nach der Behandlung mit 180 mJ/cm² pro Puls wurde nach 4 Tagen eine verminderte Sekretion von IFN-γ beobachtet.

Schlussfolgerung Die SRT führt zu keiner Induktion der untersuchten proinflammatorischen Zytokine in vitro.
Endoscopic deployment of multiple (≥ 3) metal stents for unresectable malignant hilar biliary strictures
Authors: Koshitani Tatsuya , Nakagawa Shuji , Konaka Yoshitomo , Nakano Keimei , Fuki Shuichi , Itoh Yoshito
Published: May 2019

Background and study aims Endoscopic deployment of multiple (≥ 3) self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) for high-grade unresectable malignant hilar biliary strictures (UMHBS) is technically challenging. Eleven consecutive patients with high-grade UMHBS (mean age: 76 years, male/female: 5/6, Bismuth-Corlette classification IIIa/IV: 7/4) underwent endoscopic deployment of multiple SEMS using a combination of side-by-side (SBS) and stent-in-stent (SIS) methods. Technical and clinical success rates were 11/11. More than three SEMS were successfully deployed, and obstructive jaundice was fully improved in all cases. Stent occlusion was recognized in four of 11 patients (mean: 134 days, range: 28 – 232). Reinterventions for both liver lobes were feasible by passing the guide wire inside the previously placed stents in three of four patients. Median stent patency was 150 days during a mean follow-up period of 184 days (range: 37 – 558). Three patients developed self-limiting cholangitis without definite stent occlusion as late (> 30 days) adverse events. Employing the combination of SBS and SIS methods may facilitate endoscopic deployment of multiple SEMS to treat high-grade UMHBS.
Kardiovaskuläres Risiko und chronische Entzündung
Authors: Milatz Florian
Published: May 2019

Aus postmortalen Untersuchungen ist bekannt, dass die Bildung atherosklerotischer Gefäßwandläsionen ihren Ursprung bereits im Kindesalter findet und in enger Beziehung zu bekannten kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren Erwachsener steht. Um mit Hilfe der Regenerationspotenziale im Kindes- und Jugendalter eine beschleunigte Entwicklung atherosklerotischer Gefäßveränderungen zu verhindern, bedarf es einerfrühzeitigen Diagnose und konsequenten Behandlung kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren. Heranwachsende mit einer Autoimmunerkrankung, wie z. B. einer juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis (JIA), besitzen aufgrund chronischer Entzündungszustände, medikamentöser Therapien und metabolischer Veränderungen ein erhöhtes kardiovaskuläres Risiko. Zur Exposition nicht traditioneller Risiken gesellen sich traditionelle, verhaltensbasierte Risikofaktoren, deren Vermeidung im Rahmen chronischer Erkrankungen besondere Bedeutung beigemessen wird. Der aktuelle wissenschaftliche Datenbestand bei JIA unterstreicht aus kardiovaskulärer Sicht die Notwendigkeit von Lebensstilmodifikationen, einschließlich insbesondere der Vermeidung eines bewegungsarmen, durch niedrigen energetischen Aufwand gekennzeichneten Alltags.
Mentale Ermüdung im Leistungssport – ein Ansatz zur
Belastungssteuerung
Authors: Söhnlein Katharina , Mayer Jan
Published: May 2019

Wer müde ist, ist unaufmerksam. Wer unaufmerksam ist, macht mehr Fehler. Beim
Sport hat das zur Folge, dass die Leistung nachlässt und das Verletzungsrisiko
steigt. Eine Möglichkeit, diesen Teufelskreis zu durchbrechen, bieten
Computerspiele. Viele Sportlerinnen und Sportler werden sich darüber freuen.
Operative Behandlung der Varikose nach der
CHIVA-Methode
Authors: Mendoza Erika
Published: May 2019

Im Jahr 1988, kurz nach der Einführung der Duplex-Sonographie, entwickelte der
französische Gefäßchirurg und Angiologe Claude Franceschi ein venenerhaltendes
Verfahren zur Behandlung insuffizienter Stammvenen bei ambulanten Patienten –
ein Verfahren das er nach dem Akronym aus dem Französischen als „CHIVA“
bezeichnete.

Es handelt sich um eine Strategie zum Erhalt der Drainagewege, insbesondere der
Stammvenen, im Bein. Sie erfordert eine Analyse der Rezirkulationkreise, die
Franceschi je nach Ursprung des Refluxes und seiner Drainagewege in Shunts
einteilte. Jeder Shunt bedarf einer eigenen Herangehensweise, um eine stabile
postoperative Situation zu erhalten und oberflächliche Venenthrombosen zu
vermeiden. Das Verfahren hat sich in Italien und Spanien durchgesetzt, im Moment
hält es seinen Einzug in China und in den osteuropäischen Ländern, primär dort,
wo der Duplex als Grundlage für die phlebologische Diagnostik zählt und eine
kostengünstige Herangehensweise vom Gesundheitswesen gefordert wird.

Das Verfahren kann bei jeder Ausprägung der Varikose und jedem Stadium der
chronischen venösen Insuffizienz angewendet werden, wobei der Erhalt einer
postthrombotisch veränderten Stammvene nicht anstrebenswert erscheint. Eine
Metaanalyse (Cochrane-Review) bescheinigt CHIVA weniger Rezidive bei
gleichwertigem Erstergebnis und weniger Nebenwirkungen im Vergleich zum
Stripping, wobei weitere Studien mit höheren Patientenzahlen gefordert
werden.

Die neuen Techniken, wie endoluminale (Hitze-) Verfahren und schallgesteuerte
Schaumverödung haben das Verfahren noch minimal-invasiver gemacht, sodass die
ohnehin geringe Komplikationsrate und die kurze Arbeitsunfähigkeitszeit noch
verkürzt werden kann.
Wirbelsäulen-OP nur bei 100 %iger Indikation
Authors: Mehrkens Arne
Published: May 2019

Der Begriff „Rückenschmerzen“ wird mit mehr als 65 Diagnosen in Verbindung gebracht. Entsprechend ist klar, dass es nicht „die“ Therapie für das Volksleiden Nummer 1 geben kann. Jeder Fall muss individuell evaluiert werden, um entsprechend einer fundierten Diagnose die richtige Therapie in die Wege zu leiten. Eine OP kommt bei Rückenschmerzpatienten nur relativ selten infrage.
Rheumatische Fehlstellungen an der HWS unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der C1/C2-Stabilität – Aktuelle Diagnostik und Therapiestrategien
Authors: Kothe Ralph
Published: May 2019

Durch den zunehmenden Einsatz von Biologika hat sich das klinische Erscheinungsbild der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) in der täglichen Praxis verändert. Patienten mit einer isolierten atlanto-axialen Instabilität sind seltener geworden. Dafür rücken Patienten mit therapierefraktären Schmerzsyndromen der oberen Halswirbelsäule (HWS) und komplexen rheumatischen Deformitäten mit neurologischen Problemen vermehrt in den klinischen Fokus. Biologika können die Manifestation einer rheumatischen Instabilität an der HWS bei vielen Patienten verhindern, haben aber keinen Einfluss auf den klinischen Verlauf bei bereits bestehender biomechanischer Instabilität oder hartnäckigen Schmerzsyndromen aufgrund von knöchernen Destruktionen. Hier ist die operative Therapie für die meisten Patienten die einzig sinnvolle Behandlungsoption. Für die Fusion des atlanto-axialen Gelenkes stehen verschiedene Techniken mit hoher Fusionsrate und geringer eingriffsbedingter Morbidität zur Verfügung. Dabei sind die Besonderheiten der RA zu berücksichtigen (Knochendestruktion, Erweiterung der Vertebralisfurche, Biologikatherapie). Bei komplexen zervikalen Instabilitäten sind langstreckige Fusionen vom Okziput bis in die obere BWS notwendig. Die verbesserten operativen Techniken ermöglichen auch bei dieser schwierigen Patientengruppe eine sichere und komplikationsarme operative Versorgung.
Wo und wie wirkt Yoga? – Eine wissenschaftliche Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Cramer Holger
Published: May 2019

Yoga wird vermehrt in Prävention und Therapie eingesetzt – und zum Teil sogar von den Krankenkassen bezuschusst. Doch hält Yoga, was er verspricht, oder überwiegen die Risiken den Nutzen? Eine stetig wachsende Evidenzbasis widmet sich dieser Frage und kann helfen, individuelle Empfehlungen zu erarbeiten.
A Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Benzylamines and 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds To Give Trisubstituted Oxazoles
Authors: Wei Li , You Shengyong , Tuo Yuxin , Cai Mingzhong
Published: May 2019

The heterogeneous copper-catalyzed cascade oxidative cyclization between benzylamines and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds was achieved by using the 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl-functionalized MCM-41-immobilized copper(II) complex [MCM-41-2N-Cu(OAc)2] as catalyst and t-BuOOH (TBHP) as oxidant, with iodine as additive, under mild conditions, yielding a wide variety of 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoles in mostly good to excellent yields. This heterogeneous copper catalyst can be facilely prepared via a simple two-step procedure from readily available and inexpensive reagents and exhibits a slightly higher activity than Cu(OAc)2. MCM-41-2N-Cu(OAc)2 is also easy to recover and can be recycled up to eight times with almost consistent activity. The reaction is the first example of heterogeneous copper-catalyzed intermolecular cyclization for the construction of polysubstituted oxazoles.
Outcome of Craniocerebral Penetrating Injuries: Experience from the Syrian War
Authors: Jamous Mohammad Ahmad
Published: May 2019

Objectives Gunshot wounds to the brain are the most fatal of all firearm injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate mortality and morbidity in patients with penetrating craniocerebral gunshot injuries and to identify risk factors that affect the outcome.

Patients and Methods A retrospective review from June 2012 to November 2013 of 44 Syrian patients with gunshot wound to the head was performed. A thorough physical examination and computed tomography (CT) of the brain was obtained for all patients at the time of admission. Associated systemic injuries were found in 19 patients (43%). Surgical intervention was performed in 25 patients (57%); the remaining patients were managed conservatively. The patients were followed for a period of 1 to 15 months (range: 6 ± 2 months). Univariate analysis of patient age, sex, type of penetrating object, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and pupil size on admission, brain CT findings, presence of systemic injuries, and surgical intervention on the patient outcome was performed.

Results Eleven patients (25%) had a bullet injury; the remaining 33 (75%) patients had blast injuries. Initial brain CT revealed different types of skull fractures, intracerebral hemorrhage, and brain edema in all patients. The mortality rate during the follow-up period was 25%. Of the survivors, 25 patients (76%) had a good recovery, eight patients (24%) had a mild disability, and none had a severe disability. The significant factors determining outcome in this series were GCS on admission (p < 0.005) and positive pupil reaction to light (p < 0.05). The patient age, sex, CT findings, systemic injuries, neurosurgical intervention, and hospital length of stay were not significant prognostic factors (p > 0.05).

Conclusions Among various variables, GCS and pupil reactivity were the outcome predictors in patients with penetrating craniocerebral injuries. Age, sex, type of penetrating object, CT findings, and surgical intervention did not have a significant effect on survival for these kinds of injuries.
Assessment of Serious Acute and Chronic Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Clinical Practice
Authors: Bessone Fernando , Robles-Diaz Mercedes , Hernandez Nelia , Medina-Caliz Inmaculada , Lucena M. Isabel , Andrade Raul J.
Published: May 2019

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in developed countries. The extremely variable phenotype of DILI, both in presentation and in severity, is one of the distinctive characteristics of the disease and one of the major challenges that hepatologists face when assessing hepatotoxicity cases. A new Hy's law that more accurately predicts the risk of ALF related to DILI has been proposed and validated. Other prognostic scoring algorithms for the early identification of DILI patients who may go on to develop ALF have been developed as it is of most clinical relevance to stratify patients for closer monitoring. Recent data indicate that acute DILI often presents a more prolonged resolution or evolves into chronicity at a higher frequency than other forms of acute liver injury. Risk factors for chronicity, specific phenotypes, and histological features are discussed in this study. Biomarkers to predict DILI outcome are in need.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation in the Lower Limb
Authors: O'Keeffe Bernard , Rout Shraddha
Published: May 2019

Lower limb amputations form a considerable number with 5,436,000 Indians having locomotor disability. Most members of this group are young, active earning males. The major cause of amputation is trauma. Hence, this population must be rehabilitated with priority, and best concerted efforts must be made by the medical community. In this article, the authors present available modern technologies in India and share best practices from their experience of treating Indian amputees for the past 20 years. The objective is to demonstrate to the medical community the optimal outcomes that can be achieved and help them make correct decisions on behalf of patients and their families. The article discusses history of prostheses, how to select optimal amputation level, preamputation preparation, determinants of good outcomes, preprosthetic preparation, components of prosthesis, their function and significance, rehabilitation process and guidelines, prescription criteria, and also special considerations such as multiple amputees or children.
Fracture model reduction and optimization for Forchheimer flows in reservoirs
Authors: Paranamana Pushpi , Aulisa Eugenio , Ibragimov Akif , Toda Magdalena
Published: May 2019

In this study, we analyze the flow filtration process of slightly compressible fluids in fractured porous media. We model the coupled fractured porous media system, where the linear Darcy flow is considered in porous media and the nonlinear Forchheimer equation is used inside the fracture. Flow in the fracture is modeled as a reduced low dimensional boundary value problem which is coupled with an equation for flow in the reservoir. We prove that the solution of the reduced model can serve very accurately to approximate the solution of the actual high-dimensional flow in reservoir fracture system because the thickness of the fracture is small. In the analysis, we consider two types of Forchheimer flows in the fracture: isotropic and anisotropic, which are different in their nature. Using the method of reduction, we develop a formulation for an optimal design of the fracture, which maximizes the capacity of the fracture in the reservoir with fixed geometry. Our method, which is based on a set point control algorithm, explores the coupled impact of the fracture geometry and β Forchheimer coefficient.
Direct observations of crystallization processes of amorphous GeSn during thermal annealing: A temperature window for suppressing Sn segregation
Authors: Higashiyama Masashi , Ishimaru Manabu , Okugawa Masayuki , Nakamura Ryusuke
Published: May 2019

The solubility limit of tin (Sn) in germanium (Ge) is very small, and, therefore, it is difficult to synthesize high Sn concentration GeSn crystals by conventional methods. An amorphous phase can contain elements beyond the solubility limit of the crystal state, and, therefore, recrystallization of the amorphous alloy is one of the possible ways to realize materials far from the equilibrium state. To suppress Sn precipitation during thermal annealing, knowledge of crystallization processes is required. In the present study, amorphous GeSn thin films with different Sn concentrations were prepared by sputtering, and their crystallization processes were examined by in situ transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the crystallization temperature decreases with increasing Sn concentration, and it became lower than the eutectic temperature when the Sn concentration exceeded ∼25 at. %. Radial distribution function analyses revealed that phase decomposition occurs in the amorphous state of the specimens which crystallize below the eutectic temperature, and Sn crystallites were simultaneously precipitated with crystallization. On the other hand, no remarkable phase decomposition was detected in amorphous GeSn with <25 at. % Sn. Sn precipitation occurred at a higher temperature than the crystallization in these specimens, and the difference between the crystallization and Sn precipitation temperatures became large with decreasing Sn concentration. Because of the existence of this temperature difference, a temperature window for suppressing Sn segregation existed. We demonstrated that large GeSn grains with high Sn concentration could be realized by annealing the specimens within the temperature window.
Toward breaking the curse of dimensionality in (ro)vibrational computations of molecular systems with multiple large-amplitude motions
Authors: Avila Gustavo , Mátyus Edit
Published: May 2019

Methodological progress is reported in the challenging direction of a black-box-type variational solution of the (ro)vibrational Schrödinger equation applicable to floppy, polyatomic systems with multiple large-amplitude motions. This progress is achieved through the combination of (i) the numerical kinetic-energy operator (KEO) approach of Mátyus et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 130, 134112 (2009)] and (ii) the Smolyak nonproduct grid method of Avila and Carrington, Jr. [J. Chem. Phys. 131, 174103 (2009)]. The numerical representation of the KEO makes it possible to choose internal coordinates and a body-fixed frame best suited for the molecular system. The Smolyak scheme reduces the size of the direct-product grid representation by orders of magnitude, while retaining some of the useful features of it. As a result, multidimensional (ro)vibrational states are computed with system-adapted coordinates, a compact basis- and grid-representation, and an iterative eigensolver. Details of the methodological developments and the first numerical applications are presented for the CH4·Ar complex treated in full (12D) vibrational dimensionality.
Flow-induced vibration of a flexible triangular cable at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Zhu H. B. , Ping H. , Wang R. , Bao Y. , Zhou D. , Han Z. L.
Published: May 2019

Flow-induced vibrations of an infinite long flexible cable with a triangular cross section allowed to oscillate in the cross-flow direction are numerically studied based on a high-order spectral element method at Re = 100 and 200. A tensioned beam model governs the dynamics of the triangular cable and the selected tension leads to single wave vibrations. The main focus of the present study is to explore the response of the flexible triangular cable, with the aim of providing new insights into the essential features of flow-induced vibrations of the long flexible body with an asymmetric cross section. The numerical results show that for the angle of attack α = 60° in which one of the sides of the triangular cable is facing the incoming flow, the oscillation of the cable is dominated by vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) at Re = 100, while a combination of strong VIV and weak galloping is excited at Re = 200. As compared to the flow past a flexible cable with a circular cross section at the same conditions, the dynamics responses of the triangular cable are significantly vigorous, which is evidenced further in energy transfers and wake dynamics as well. It is also revealed that the secondary vortex generated at the trailing edge of the triangle plays an important role in the wake evolution process. Finally, additional simulations at α = 0° are conducted and the results show that the responses are suppressed strikingly with very weak amplitudes, implying that the wake dynamics is desynchronized against the vibration of the flexible cable.