bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Study of a FCC Overhead Line Crack Failure
Authors: Anthony David , Barkley Nathan , Chithranjan Nadarajah
Published: November 2022

Pipe stress analysis (PSA) is a common method for evaluating the ductwork in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) units. However, the typical approach only considers global loads and stresses in the piping system. Localized stresses must be evaluated using other methods. This can result in a PSA that produces acceptable results but fails after years of operation due to a local constraint or stress concentration.

This paper presents a case study of a failure in a FCC Overhead Line constructed of 304H stainless steel material and operates at approximately 25 psig (0.172 MPa) and 1,175 °F (635 °C). The line passes stress limits per ASME B31.3 using a PSA but failed via a crack at a conical transition to long radius elbow joint weld after approximately fifteen years of operation due to a localized stress concentration. The local transition on the line is evaluated for Creep damage using a MPC OMEGA material/damage model which is incorporated into the finite element analysis (FEA) via a user subroutine. The evaluations indicated that the large half-apex angle of the transition combined with the elbow location resulted in significant Creep damage at the joint. Subsequent destructive testing confirmed that the elbow joint developed sigma phase formations which reduced the Creep life significantly.
Challenges in Developing Linerless Composite Gas Cylinder for On-Board Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Ge Zhoutian , Yuan Yutong , Shi Jianfeng
Published: November 2022

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have become an important development direction of new energy vehicles due to their high energy conversion efficiency and pollution-free characteristics. Gas cylinder for hydrogen storage is one of the key components of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. So far, lined composite gas cylinders have been widely used due to their good leakage-proof capability for hydrogen. With the demand for lightweight and high hydrogen storage density for on-board application, linerless composite gas cylinder (Type V cylinder) for hydrogen storage has drawn more and more attention. This paper analyzed the advantages, application status and development trend of Type V gas cylinder for hydrogen storage towards the direction of high-pressure, lightweight, low-cost and long-life. Based on the reports of existing Type V gas cylinder and other relevant linerless composite pressure equipment, challenges in developing Type V gas cylinder for hydrogen storage were summarized, including composite material selection, design and manufacture procedure. Meanwhile, in view of higher safety requirements for on-board hydrogen storage, this paper further discussed safety assurance methods for qualification tests, damage detection techniques and relevant standards.
Technical Overview and Basis of the Design Sections of the NM.1 Standard
Authors: Vetter Lorenz G. , Adams Timothy M. , Fong Sze Shen
Published: November 2022

In the spring of 2019, the ASME published the first edition (2018 edition) of the NM.1, NM.2, and NM.3 standards. These standards are for the design of non-metallic pressure piping systems. The focus is thermoplastics (NM.1), glass-fiber reinforced thermoset resins (NM.2), and material data (NM.3). These standards were developed by the Non-Metallic Pressure Piping Standards Committee, reporting to the ASME Board on Pressure Technology. This paper provides an overview and the technical basis of the design sections of the NM.1 Standard. The focus is the basis design requirements for HDPE, PVC, CPVC, and ABS resins. Also discussed are the mandatory and non-mandatory Appendices applicable to the NM.1 design section.
A Review of Constraint Effects on Fracture Toughness for Structural Integrity Assessment in Fitness-for-Service Codes
Authors: Xu Steven X. , Wallin Kim
Published: November 2022

It is well known that direct application of fracture toughness values measured from standard laboratory specimens to structural components without matching constraint conditions may lead to over-conservative results for structural integrity assessment. In some cases, this may lead to unnecessary repairs or even to an early retirement of the structural component. This is particularly true for structural components operating at late life. For this reason, inclusion of constraint effects on fracture toughness in structural integrity assessment is of great importance. Research on the constraint effects has been very fruitful and is generating standardized methods and procedures that are suitable for engineering applications. This paper provides a review of constraint effects on fracture toughness for structural integrity assessment in fitness-for-service codes.

Several fitness-for-service codes (API 579-1/ASME FFS-1, BS 7910, R6, SINTAP/FITNET) have code provisions for including the constraint effects on fracture in ductile-brittle transition region. This paper reviews the two fracture toughness adjustment methods as implemented in the 2019 Edition of BS 7910 and the 2021 Edition of API 579-1/ASME FFS-1. We present the results from a comparative study of the two adjustment methods using four sets of test data recently published in the literature.
CREACIÓN DE ESPACIOS DE APRENDIZAJE EN LA INSTITUCIÓN POLICIAL: EL CASO DE UNA UNIDAD DE POLICÍA QUE ATIENDE CASOS DE VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO CONTRA LAS MUJERES EN GUADALAJARA, MÉXICO.
Authors: Bellón Cárdenas Blanca Rocío
Published: November 2022

La violencia de género contra las mujeres es un problema sociocultural y de salud pública, por lo tanto, es necesario deconstruir estereotipos de género para contribuir en su erradicación. Todas las instituciones sociales, así como el Estado deben asumir su responsabilidad. En esta investigación, nos centramos en las instituciones de seguridad y sus agentes policiales, para prevenir la violencia institucional. Estos tienen la obligación de atender con los principios de buena fe, debida diligencia y no revictimización. Se ha identificado la necesidad de formar a los cuerpos de seguridad en diversos aspectos referentes a este problema: atención de casos, prevención de la violencia al interior de la institución policial, respeto y no criminalización de las movilizaciones feministas por el derecho a una vida libre de violencia. Por lo tanto, elegimos diseñar, impartir y evaluar una propuesta educativa implementada en la División Especializada de Atención Policial de Casos de Violencia contra las Mujeres en Razón de Género, de Guadalajara México (DEAVIM). Generalmente no existen procesos de evaluación de procesos de formación. A través del análisis identificamos cambios relevantes en los conocimientos sobre la violencia estructural, cultural y simbólica, así como en la redacción del informe policial y el instrumento de valoración de riesgo, saber manejar emociones y fomentar la empatía. Observamos que el proceso formativo tuvo resultados positivos. Por lo tanto, se favorece la generación de procesos educativos de toma de conciencia, para contribuir en la desarticulación de un sistema patriarcal.
Normalization of nonlinearly time-dynamic vowels
Authors: Voeten Cesko C. , Heeringa Wilbert , Van de Velde Hans
Published: November 2022

This study compares 16 vowel-normalization methods for purposes of sociophonetic research. Most of the previous work in this domain has focused on the performance of normalization methods on steady-state vowels. By contrast, this study explicitly considers dynamic formant trajectories, using generalized additive models to model these nonlinearly. Normalization methods were compared using a hand-corrected dataset from the Flemish-Dutch Teacher Corpus, which contains 160 speakers from 8 geographical regions, who spoke regionally accented versions of Netherlandic/Flemish Standard Dutch. Normalization performance was assessed by comparing the methods' abilities to remove anatomical variation, retain vowel distinctions, and explain variation in the normalized F0–F3. In addition, it was established whether normalization competes with by-speaker random effects or supplements it, by comparing how much between-speaker variance remained to be apportioned to random effects after normalization. The results partly reproduce the good performance of Lobanov, Gerstman, and Nearey 1 found earlier and generally favor log-mean and centroid methods. However, newer methods achieve higher effect sizes (i.e., explain more variance) at only marginally worse performances. Random effects were found to be equally useful before and after normalization, showing that they complement it. The findings are interpreted in light of the way that the different methods handle formant dynamics.
Presyndromic surveillance for improved detection of emerging public health threats
Authors: Nobles Mallory , Lall Ramona , Mathes Robert W. , Neill Daniel B.
Published: November 2022

Existing public health surveillance systems that rely on predefined symptom categories, or syndromes, are effective at monitoring known illnesses, but there is a critical need for innovation in “presyndromic” surveillance that detects biothreats with rare or previously unseen symptomology. We introduce a data-driven, automated machine learning approach for presyndromic surveillance that learns newly emerging syndromes from free-text emergency department chief complaints, identifies localized case clusters among subpopulations, and incorporates practitioner feedback to automatically distinguish between relevant and irrelevant clusters, thus providing personalized, actionable decision support. Blinded evaluations by New York City’s Department of Health and Mental Hygiene demonstrate that our approach identifies more events of public health interest and achieves a lower false-positive rate compared to a state-of-the-art baseline.
Critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress in terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Fu Zheng , Ciais Philippe , Feldman Andrew F. , Gentine Pierre , Makowski David , Prentice I. Colin , Stoy Paul C. , Bastos Ana , Wigneron Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2022

Plant water stress occurs at the point when soil moisture (SM) limits transpiration, defining a critical SM threshold (θ
crit
). Knowledge of the spatial distribution of θ
crit
is crucial for future projections of climate and water resources. Here, we use global eddy covariance observations to quantify θ
crit
and evaporative fraction (EF) regimes. Three canonical variables describe how EF is controlled by SM: the maximum EF (EF
max
), θ
crit
, and slope (S) between EF and SM. We find systematic differences of these three variables across biomes. Variation in θ
crit
, S, and EF
max
is mostly explained by soil texture, vapor pressure deficit, and precipitation, respectively, as well as vegetation structure. Dryland ecosystems tend to operate at low θ
crit
and show adaptation to water deficits. The negative relationship between θ
crit
and S indicates that dryland ecosystems minimize θ
crit
through mechanisms of sustained SM extraction and transport by xylem. Our results further suggest an optimal adaptation of local EF-SM response that maximizes growing-season evapotranspiration and photosynthesis.
CD103 fate mapping reveals that intestinal CD103−tissue-resident memory T cells are the primary responders to secondary infection
Authors: Fung Helen Y. , Teryek Matthew , Lemenze Alexander D. , Bergsbaken Tessa
Published: November 2022

Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells remain poised in the tissue and mediate robust protection from secondary infection. TRMcells within the intestine and other tissues are heterogeneous in their phenotype and function; however, the contributions of these TRMsubsets to secondary infection remain poorly defined. To address the plasticity of intestinal TRMsubsets and their role in local and systemic immunity, we generated mice to fate map intestinal CD103+TRMcells and track their location and function during secondary infection withYersinia pseudotuberculosis. We found that CD103+TRMcells remained lodged in the tissue and were poorly reactivated during secondary challenge. CD103−TRMcells were the primary responders to secondary infection and expanded within the tissue, with limited contribution from circulating memory T cells. The transcriptional profile of CD103−TRMcells demonstrated maintenance of a gene signature similar to circulating T cells along with increased cytokine production and migratory potential. CD103−TRMcells also expressed genes associated with T cell receptor (TCR) activation and displayed enhanced TCR-mediated reactivation both in vitro and in vivo compared with their CD103+counterparts. These studies reveal the limited recall potential of CD103+TRMsubsets and the role of CD103−TRMcells as central memory–like T cells within peripheral tissues.
Advanced two- and three-dimensional insights into Earth's oldest stromatolites (ca. 3.5 Ga): Prospects for the search for life on Mars
Authors: Hickman-Lewis K. , Cavalazzi B. , Giannoukos K. , D'Amico L. , Vrbaski S. , Saccomano G. , Dreossi D. , Tromba G. , Foucher F. , Brownscombe W. , Smith C.L. , Westall F.
Published: November 2022

Paleoarchean stromatolites are among the oldest compelling evidence for life. We present advanced two- and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D) reconstructions of the morphology, mineralogy, trace element geochemistry, and taphonomy of permineralized stromatolites from the lowermost horizons of the ca. 3.5 Ga Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Rare earth element plus yttrium compositions suggest a restricted paleodepositional setting influenced by marine influxes; this contrasts with other Dresser stromatolites, which developed around terrestrial hot springs. Mineral phase relationships and positive Eu anomalies denote syndepositional hydrothermal influence and silicification promoting high-fidelity microstructural preservation. Although no primary kerogen is preserved, numerous 2-D and 3-D morphological characteristics denote a biogenic origin, including the onlap of sedimentary layers onto stromatolitic topography, fine-scale undulatory laminations, non-isopachous laminations with crestal thickening, laminoid fenestrae, and subvertical pillar-like fabrics interpreted as microbial palisade structure; these features suggest that the stromatolite eco-system was dominantly phototrophic. The deep iron-rich weathering profile of the Dresser stromatolites makes them pertinent analogues for potential microbialites in altered carbonates on Mars. Were similar putative biogenic macro-, meso- and micromorphologies identified in habitable Martian settings by rover imaging systems, such materials would be compelling targets for sample return.
Tributary streams provide migratory fish with access to floodplain habitats in a regulated river: evidence from alligator gar, Atractosteus spatula
Authors: Roberts Hayden C. , Acre Matthew R. , Claus Maximiliaan P.A. , Kappen Florian J. , Winemiller Kirk O. , Daugherty Daniel J. , Perkin Joshuah S.
Published: November 2022

Migratory fishes with periodic life history strategies are sensitive to river regulation. Populations of these fishes may persist in highly regulated rivers by using tributaries that provide access to intermittently connected spawning and early life stage habitat in floodplains. We analyzed system hydrology and associated movement of a long-lived periodic strategist, the alligator gar ( Atractosteus spatula), in the Brazos River, Texas. We hypothesized that (1) flow regulation on the mainstem has resulted in the reduction of flood pulses, but tributaries have been less altered and (2) alligator gar migrate into tributaries during high flows and temperatures. Our analysis revealed that flood pulses were reduced in the mainstem but not in an adjacent, less regulated tributary where floodplain-inundating pulses now outnumber those in the mainstem. Using data from tagged fish, we derived statistical models predicting greater occurrence of alligator gar in tributaries when water temperature exceeded 25 °C and mainstem discharge exceeded 400 cubic meters per second. These results emphasize that movement into less regulated tributaries can mitigate impacts of river regulation on mainstem river populations of alligator gar.
STOCHASTIC PERIODIC SOLUTION OF A NUTRIENT–PLANKTON MODEL WITH SEASONAL FLUCTUATION
Authors: GUO QING , DAI CHUANJUN , WANG LIJUN , LIU HE , WANG YI , LI JIANBING , ZHAO MIN
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a stochastic nutrient–plankton model with seasonal fluctuation was developed to investigate how seasonality and environmental noise affect the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. First, the survival analysis of plankton was proposed. Then, by using Lyapunov function and Khasminskii’s theory for periodic Markov processes, we derive the sufficient conditions for the existence of positive periodic solution. The numerical simulations were carried out to provide a better understanding of the model, and the results indicate that seasonal fluctuation is beneficial to the coexistence of plankton species.
HEMATITE NANOPARTICLES-EMBEDDED ACTIVATED CARBON FOR ENHANCING REMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS FROM WASTEWATER
Authors: XU ZEZHONG , HUANG YOUPENG , HAN CHENGLIANG
Published: November 2022

All kinds of heavy metal ions and synthetic dyes in water will produce serious environmental problems and damage to the human body. Activated carbon (AC)/hematite (H; [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3) nanocomposites (ACH nanocomposites) have been prepared using a hydrothermal method in ferric citric alkaline solution. The microstructure, chemical composition and properties of as-prepared ACH nanocomposites were investigated, respectively. It has been proved that [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 nanoparticles embedded on the surface of AC greatly improved the hydrophilicity of AC. Results further showed that ACH nanocomposites could be used as adsorbents to effectively remove [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] from wastewater. The sorption process for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions met the pseudo-second-order equation. The maximum adsorption capacities of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by ACH were about 20 mg/g and 21 mg/g, respectively. In addition, some organic dyes such as methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) could also be degraded completely by ACH composites. Therefore, it is expected that ACH nanocomposites can be regarded as promising adsorbents and low-cost Fenton-like nanocomposites for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solution.
MESOPOROUS BIOACTIVE GLASSES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND THEIR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: WORKIE ANDUALEM BELACHEW , SHIH SHAO-JU
Published: November 2022

Using biomaterials to create new technologies like sensors, electrodes, prosthetics, bioelectrodes, skin substitutes, and drug delivery systems is known as biotechnology. It is crucial for medical procedures like surgery, dentistry, prosthetics, biosensors, electrophoresis, bioelectricity, implantation, and many other fields of human endeavor. Mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) are the main bioactive materials used for bone regeneration due to their large surface area and high pore content, which can increase bioactivity and facilitate new bone formation. Their large surface area and high pore volume result in higher surface chemical reactivity as compared to nonmesoporous bioactive glasses, hence they have a higher chemical reactivity. Cells were aligned on the surface of an implant in some other investigation when topographical characteristics were produced by electro-hydrodynamic printing with hydroxyapatite, and permanent small silica spheres are commonly used in biomedical applications for cell labeling or medication administration. Because of the inclusion of porosities in MBG matrixes, as well as their large surface area, the deposition of hydroxyl carbonate apatite is considerably accelerated. MBGs can be cultured in the laboratory with a variety of methods, depending on how they will be employed in medical therapy. Melt-quenching therapy, spray pyrolysis method, sol-gel manufacturing technique, spray drying process, and modified Stber method are some of these tactics. To guarantee that MBGs are appropriate for use in medical care, several characterization procedures like SEM, TEM, BET, XRD, etc. should be used in the laboratory.
Existence of mild solutions for perturbed fractional neutral differential equations through deformable derivatives in Banach spaces
Authors: Sreedharan R. , Raja Balachandar S. , Raja S. P.
Published: November 2022

The deformable derivative [[Formula: see text]] is used in this work to give the necessary restrictions for the existence of mild solutions for perturbed fractional neutral differential equations [PFNDE] in Banach spaces. Several novel existence results are made using fixed point and semigroup techniques. In the end, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the application of the theoretical concepts discussed.
Hesitant Fuzzy Structures on Sheffer Stroke BCK-Algebras
Authors: Oner Tahsin , Katican Tugce , Saeid Arsham Borumand
Published: November 2022

The main objective of the study is to introduce a hesitant fuzzy structures on Sheffer stroke BCK-algebras related to their subsets (subalgebras as possible as). Then it is proved that every hesitant fuzzy ideal of a Sheffer stroke BCK-algebra related to the subset is the hesitant fuzzy subalgebra. By defining a hesitant fuzzy maximal ideal in this algebra, relationships between aforementioned structures, subalgebras and ideals on Sheffer stroke BCK-algebras are shown in detail. Finally, it is illustrated that a subset of a Sheffer stroke BCK-algebra defined by a certain element and a hesitant fuzzy (maximal) ideal on the algebra is a (maximal) ideal but the inverse is usually not true.
Solutions of Three Dimensional Nonlinear Klein-Gordon Equations by Using Quadruple Laplace Transform
Authors: Ibrahim Wubshet , Tamiru Mesele
Published: November 2022

This study focuses on solving three-dimensional non-linear Klein-Gordon equations of four variables by using the quadruple Laplace transform method coupled with the iterative method. This study was designed in order to show the quadruple Laplace transform with an iterative method for solving three-dimensional nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations. The quadruple Laplace transform with the iterative method was aimed at getting analytical solutions of three-dimensional nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations. Exact solutions obtained through the iterative method have been analytically evaluated and presented in the form of a table and graph. The analytical solutions of these equations have been given in terms of convergent series with a simply calculable system, and the nonlinear terms in equations can easily be solved by the iterative method. Illustrative examples are also provided to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the method. The result renders the applicability and efficiency of the applied method. Finally, the quadruple Laplace transform and iterative method is an excellent method for the solution of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations.
Improvement of Image Compression by Changing the Mathematical Equation Style in Communication Systems
Authors: Al-Saleem Riyadh M. , Ghani Yasameen A. , Shawkat Shihab A.
Published: November 2022

Compression is an essential process to reduce the amount of information by reducing the number of bits; this process is necessary for uploading images, audio, video, storage services, and TV transmission. In this paper, image compressions with losses from this action will be shown for some common patterns. The compression process uses different mathematical equations that have different methods and efficiencies, so some common mathematical methods for each style are presented taking into consideration the pros and cons of each method. In this paper, it is demonstrated that there is a quality improvement by applying anisotropic interpolation to edge enhancement for its ability to satisfy the dispersed data of the propagation process, which leads to faster compression due to concern for optimum quality rather than fast algorithms. The test images for these patterns showed a discrepancy in the image resolution when the compression coefficient was increased, as the results using three types of image compression methods proved a clear superiority when using “partial differential equations (PDE)”.
Solitary Wave and Singular Wave Solutions for Ivancevic Option Pricing Model
Authors: Zeng Xiaohua , Liang Changzhou , Yuan Chiping
Published: November 2022

The nonlinear option pricing model presented by Ivancevic is investigated. By using travelling wave transforming method, the nonlinear option pricing equation is transformed into a differential equation with constant coefficients. By solving the differential equation with F-expansion method, a series of exact solutions have been obtained for the Ivancevic option pricing model. By choosing appropriate parameter values, the dark-soliton and dark-soliton-like solutions, periodic wave solutions, and rogue wave solutions are obtained. These solutions will enrich the types of exact waves in the existing literature of the Ivancevic option pricing model. Furthermore, they may have potential uses in describing the possible physical mechanisms for wave phenomenon in financial markets.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Coumarin Antimicrobial Polymer Fluorescent Coating
Authors: Shi Wen-Qiang , Zhao Jin , Liu Xiao-Rui , Ming Yuan , Shen Yong-Miao
Published: November 2022

Polymer materials are widely used in medical materials, food packaging, coatings, and other fields. However, the surface of the materials is easily contaminated by microorganisms, resulting in serious problems. To solve this issue, a new type of antibacterial polymer fluorescent coating was successfully synthesized by copolymerization of divinylbenzene with 7-methacryloxy-4-methyl coumarin, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, and other monomers. The surface structure and thermal stability of the coating were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Fluorine was polymerized into the polymer, improving the thermal stability compared to polystyrene and polydivinylbenzene. The bactericidal and antibacterial adhesion properties of the coating materials were studied by a contact germicidal test and antibacterial adhesion test. The polymer had a strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. After immersion in room temperature water, the film maintained its strong inhibitory effect on S. aureus fluorescence intensity and had high fluorescence stability.
A Decision Support System for Evaluating Success Factors of Projects in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Sarfaraz Amir Homayoun , Yazdi Amir Karbassi , Hanne Thomas , Hosseini Raheleh Sadat , Moradi Mazhari Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2022

Oil and gas (O&G) projects have a high social and economic impact in many countries. This study aims to identify the success factors in the O&G industry and to present a framework for evaluating the projects in an uncertain environment. In this study, 197 indicators are identified from a literature review and summarized to 34 indicators. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed, and seven main factors have been identified as success factors of O&G projects. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the validity of the measurement model. A two-step fuzzy inference system is proposed to present an evaluation framework for assessing the performance of O&G projects. The hybrid framework was applied for the assessment of five Iranian O&G projects.
Approximate Analytical Solution of Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Time-Fractional Damped Wave Equation in the Caputo Fractional Derivative Operator
Authors: Deresse Alemayehu Tamirie , Mussa Yesuf Obsie , Gizaw Ademe Kebede
Published: November 2022

In this work, we proposed a new method called Laplace–Padé–Caputo fractional reduced differential transform method (LPCFRDTM) for solving a two-dimensional nonlinear time-fractional damped wave equation subject to the appropriate initial conditions arising in various physical models. LPCFRDTM is the amalgamation of the Laplace transform method (LTM), Padé approximant, and the well-known reduced differential transform method (RDTM) in the Caputo fractional derivative senses. First, the solution to the problem is gained in the convergent power series form with the help of the Caputo fractional-reduced differential transform method. Then, the Laplace–Padé approximant is applied to enlarge the domain of convergence. The advantage of this method is that it solves equations simply and directly without requiring enormous amounts of computational work, perturbations, or linearization, and it expands the convergence domain, leading to the exact answer. To confirm the effectiveness, accuracy, and convergence of the proposed method, four test-modeling problems from mathematical physics nonlinear wave equations are considered. The findings and results showed that the proposed approach may be utilized to solve comparable wave equations with nonlinear damping and source components and to forecast and enrich the internal mechanism of nonlinearity in nonlinear dynamic events.
Antiplasmodial Activity of 80% Methanolic Extract and Solvent Fractions of Stem Bark of Acacia tortilis in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Alemu Muluken Adela , Ferede Yared Andargie , Addis Getu Tesfaw , Alemayehu Sintayehu Asnakew , Tessema Tewodros Ayalew , Abebe Rahel Belete , Desta Getaye Tessema , Yimer Yohannes Shumet
Published: November 2022

Background. Malarial infection has significant negative impact on the health of the world population. It is treated by modern and traditional medicines. Among traditional medicinal plants, Acacia tortilis is used by different communities as antimalarial agent. Therefore, the objective of this study is to validate antimalarial activity of the stem bark of Acacia tortilis in mice. Methods. To evaluate antimalarial activity of the plant, 4-day suppressive, curative, and prophylactic antimalarial test models were used. Parasitemia, packed cell volume (PCV), survival time, rectal temperature, and body weight were used to evaluate the effect of the plant extracts. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 followed by Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison test. Results. The crude extract and dichloromethane fraction significantly suppressed the level of parasitemia (

p
<
0.001

) and increased mean survival time (

p
<
0.01

) at all tested doses. Similarly, significant effects were observed in mean survival time, % change of PCV, weight, and temperature in both curative and prophylactic antimalarial test models. Conclusions. The methanolic extract and solvent fractions of the stem bark of Acacia tortilis has shown antimalarial activity, and the finding supports the traditional use and the in vitro studies. Thus, this study can be used as an initiation for researchers to find the most active phytochemical entity and to conduct additional safety and efficacy tests.
Chemical Modification of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Biomass as Bioadsorbent for Removal of Pb2+ Ion from Aqueous Waste Water
Authors: Hatiya Nigist Awish , Reshad Ali Shemsedin , Negie Zemene Worku
Published: November 2022

In this study, neem biomass (a mixture of neem leaf and bark), obtained from the matured neem tree, which is an eco-friendly and low-cost material was selected as a bioadsorbent to remove lead metal ion (Pb2+) from aqueous solutions. Neem biomass-based bioadsorbent having a carboxylic group was prepared by activation using chemical modification by NaOH and citric acid with a very simple method. The optimal activation conditions were determined as 37 min, 120°C, in 0.73 M citric acid, with a sample/acid ratio of 1/100 (mass/volume). To determine the basic properties such as chemical structure, porosity, and surface properties of the neem biomass (NB) and chemically modified neem biomass (CMNB), they were characterized by BET, FTIR, SEM, XRD, and pHpzc methods. It was observed that activation has improved the adsorption capacity of the NB and also caused a more amorphous structure. The effects of adsorption parameters such as pH (2–7), contact time (10–110 min), initial Pb2+ ion concentration (100–300 g/L), and bioadsorbent dosage (01–1.1 g/L) on percentage removal of Pb2+ ion were studied. Maximum removal of Pb2+ ion (97.29%) was recorded at 0.9 g/L bioadsorbent dosage, 50 min contact time, pH of 6, and initial metal ion concentration of 100 mg/L. Kinetics and isotherm studies showed that the adsorption mechanism of Pb2+ ion using CMNB follows pseudosecond-order while isotherm studies fit with both models but, relatively, Freundlich model better fit having a little higher [Formula: see text]. The outcome specifies that the modified bioadsorbent can be utilized as a good and low-cost alternative for the treatment of effluent containing lead (II) ions in water.
Pharmacological Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: An Old Story Revisited or a New Story to Be Told? A Clinical Review
Authors: Chaves Jéssica , Pita Inês , Libânio Diogo , Pimentel-Nunes Pedro
Published: November 2022

Dyspepsia incorporates a set of symptoms originating from the gastroduodenal region, frequently encountered in the adult population in the Western world. Most patients with symptoms compatible with dyspepsia eventually end up, in the absence of a potential organic cause, being diagnosed with functional dyspepsia. Many have been the new insights in the pathophysiology behind functional dyspeptic symptoms, namely, hypersensitivity to acid, duodenal eosinophilia, and altered gastric emptying, among others. Since these discoveries, new therapies have been proposed. Even so, an established mechanism for functional dyspepsia is not yet a reality, which makes its treatment a clinical challenge. In this paper, we review some of the possible approaches to treatment, both well established and some new therapeutic targets. Recommendations about dose and time of use are also made.
Multiple Endovascular Treatments for Hemorrhagic Cerebral Proliferative Angiopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Shomura Keijiro , Kamide Tomoya , Misaki Kouichi , Tsutsui Taishi , Nambu Iku , Uchiyama Naoyuki , Nakada Mitsutoshi
Published: November 2022

Cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) is a rare vascular abnormality characterized by transdural supply, stenoses of feeding arteries, and intermingled normal brain parenchyma in abnormal vessels. CPA is often regarded as a separate entity from “classical” brain arteriovenous malformations in angioarchitecture, natural history, clinical presentation, and treatment. Bleeding from CPA is uncommon, but once bleeding occurs, the risk of rebleeding is high. Herein, we describe a case of cerebral hemorrhage caused by CPA. We performed two different endovascular treatments: partial embolization with glue for a ruptured aneurysm and coil embolization for an unruptured growing aneurysm. To our knowledge, this is the first report of serial endovascular treatments for hemorrhagic CPA that included a ruptured aneurysm and a growing unruptured aneurysm.
Resistência ou rendição em "O ano da morte de Ricardo Reis"
Authors: Cardoso Patrícia da Silva
Published: November 2022

A arte valorizada por Fernando Pessoa, através da dinâmica heteronímica, mira na resistência ao conformismo e à alienação. Em sua leitura do heterônimo Ricardo Reis, José Saramago reforça a aposta de Pessoa ao explorar os riscos da rendição e da inconsciência, a tensão entre enfrentar o mundo e afastar-se dele. É o que se quer demonstrar neste artigo.
A representação da censura inquisitorial e ditatorial no teatro de José Saramago
Authors: Santos Cybele Regina Melo dos
Published: November 2022

A Censura é uma característica presente na história de Portugal e seu impacto foi sentido diretamente nos meios de comunicação, como na literatura (poesia, prosa ou teatro) e periódicos (jornais, revistas) produzidos ao longo dos séculos XVI até XX. No final dos anos de 1970, o escritor José Saramago (1922-2010), se faz conhecer no campo da dramaturgia com a publicação das peças "A noite" (1979) e "Que Farei com este livro?" (1980), trabalhando com essa temática histórica de Portugal, envolvendo suas personagens em tramas que se desenrolam na perspectiva da censura inquisitorial e ditatorial.
Antihypertensive Medication Adherence and the Risk of Vascular Events and Falls After Stroke: A Real-World Effectiveness Study Using Linked Registry Data
Authors: Dalli Lachlan L. , Olaiya Muideen T. , Kim Joosup , Andrew Nadine E. , Cadilhac Dominique A. , Ung David , Lindley Richard I. , Sanfilippo Frank M. , Thrift Amanda G. , Nelson Mark R. , Gall Seana L. , Kilkenny Monique F. ,   On behalf of the PRECISE investigators
Published: November 2022

Background:

Real-world evidence is limited on whether antihypertensive medications help avert major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after stroke without increasing the risk of falls. We investigated the association of adherence to antihypertensive medications on the incidence of MACE and falls requiring hospitalization after stroke.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of adults who were newly dispensed antihypertensive medications after an acute stroke (Australian Stroke Clinical Registry 2012–2016; Queensland and Victoria). Pharmaceutical dispensing records were used to determine medication adherence according to the proportion of days covered in the first 6 months poststroke. Outcomes between 6 and 18 months postdischarge included: (i) MACE, a composite outcome of all-cause death, recurrent stroke or acute coronary syndrome; and (ii) falls requiring hospitalization. Estimates were derived using Cox models, adjusted for >30 confounders using inverse probability treatment weights.

Results:

Among 4076 eligible participants (median age 68 years; 37% women), 55% had a proportion of days covered ≥80% within 6 months postdischarge. In the subsequent 12 months, 360 (9%) participants experienced a MACE and 337 (8%) experienced a fall requiring hospitalization. After achieving balance between groups, participants with a proportion of days covered ≥80% had a reduced risk of MACE (hazard ratio: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.54–0.84) and falls requiring hospitalization (subdistribution hazard ratio: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.98) than those with a proportion of days covered <80%.

Conclusions:

High adherence to antihypertensive medications within 6 months poststroke was associated with reduced risks of both MACE and falls requiring hospitalization. Patients should be encouraged to adhere to their antihypertensive medications to maximize poststroke outcomes.
The Assembled Genome of the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Authors: Kalbfleisch Theodore S. , Hussien AbouEl Ela Nahla A. , Li Kai , Brashear Wesley A. , Kochan Kelli J. , Hillhouse Andrew E. , Zhu Yaming , Dhande Isha S. , Kline Eric J. , Hudson Elizabeth A. , Murphy Terence D. , Thibaud-Nissen Françoise , Smith Melissa L. , Doris Peter A.
Published: November 2022

Background:

We report the creation and evaluation of a de novo assembly of the genome of the spontaneously hypertensive rat, the most widely used model of human cardiovascular disease.

Methods:

The genome is assembled from long read sequencing (PacBio HiFi and continuous long read data [CLR]) and scaffolded with long-range structural information obtained from Bionano optical maps and proximity ligation sequencing proximity analysis of the genome. The genome assembly was polished with Illumina short reads. Completeness of the assembly was investigated using Benchmarking Universal Single Copy Orthologs analysis. The genome assembly was also evaluated with the rat reference gene set, using NCBI automated protocols. We also generated orthogonal single molecule transcript sequence reads (Iso-Seq) from 8 tissues and used them to validate the coding assembly, to annotate the assembly with RNA transcripts representing unique full length transcript isoforms for each gene and to determine whether divergences between RefSeq sequences and the assembly were attributable to assembly errors or polymorphisms.

Results:

The assembly analysis indicates that this assembly is comparable in contiguity and completeness to the current rat reference assembly, while the use of HiFi sequencing yields an assembly that is more correct at the single base level. Synteny analysis was performed to uncover the extent of synteny and the presence and distribution of chromosomal rearrangements between the reference and this assembly.

Conclusion:

The resulting genome assembly is reference quality and captures significant structural variation.
A Portrait of the Modern Butler as an Emergent Professional Type in Mainland China
Authors: Zhao Yikun
Published: November 2022

This article analyses the emergent professional type of modern butler in mainland China from an Eliasian figurational perspective, against the backdrop of the changing power balances between social groups along with the rise of China’s High Net Worth Individuals in the post-reform era. It paints a portrait of the modern butler by drawing on ethnographic observation and interviews conducted at a butler training institute. This emergent professional type’s characteristic costumed appearance, stringent morality, communicative tact, signature pride, and art of service, are analytically linked to the figurational position of the new economic elites through thick description, as forms of vicarious cultural and moral distinction made desirable by the changing social dynamisms.
“The Field, at the Moment, Is Up for Redefinition”: Twenty Five Years of Manufacturing Religion
Authors: McCutcheon Russell T.
Published: November 2022

Reflecting on the shape of the current field, this essay argues for the continued relevance for Manufacturing Religion, a book first published in 1997; describing the conditions of its writing, publication, and reception, it provides a variety of current examples to illustrate that the critique of scholarship that conceives of religion as a unique or deeply personal experience, one that defies explanation and merely requires understanding or even appreciation, continues to be an important critical tool in the contemporary study of religion.
Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species
Authors: Vujić Ante , Radenković Snežana , Tubić Nataša Kočiš , Likov Laura , Popov Grigory , Rojo Santos , Miličić Marija
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we revise the Merodon aberrans species group of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae), providing morphological diagnoses and descriptions, molecular data for three species, as well as an illustrated key and a discussion of the different taxonomic characters used. We also discuss distribution patterns for this species group. The results revealed that the M. aberrans group is composed of five described species (M. aberrans Egger, 1860, M. brevis Paramonov, 1926, M. flavitibius Paramonov, 1926, M. hamifer Sack, 1913, and M. warnckei Hurkmans, 1993) and three new ones, namely M. hermonensis Vujić, Radenković et Likov sp. nov., M. petiolatus Vujić, Radenković et Rojo sp. nov., and M. retectus Vujić, Radenković et Likov sp. nov. Following a detailed study of the type material in different entomological collections, the status of several species is revised, one new synonym is proposed (subspecies M. aberrans isperensis Hurkmans, 1993 as junior synonym of M. flavitibius), lectotypes are designated for M. kneri Mik, 1867 and M. flavitibius, and paralectotypes are designated for M. hamifer and M. flavitibius. Seven out of eight species from the M. aberrans group are distributed in the Asian continent, namely all Caucasian countries, Turkey and Iran, confirming the notion about high diversity of Merodon species in these regions, but also highlighting the need for a systematic faunistic research.
Relationship between Decision-Making, Time Perspective and Stress
Authors: Mehrotra Sheetal , Rangaiah Babu , Kathi Srujana
Published: November 2022

Decision-making is a process of gathering information, organizing, and making appropriate choices. Time perspective refers to the ways one perceives the past, present, and future. Every decision-making style dwells in one of these temporal orientations. Within the process of decision-making, there is likely to be some degree of stress. The current study explores the association between Decision-Making Styles, Time Perspective, and Stress among college students (n = 120). Tools used were the General Decision-Making Style (GDMS), the short version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI-short), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results showed a significant association between decision-making styles, time perspective, and stress. Further, decision-making was found to be influenced by temporal orientations and stress levels. Furthermore, this article also proposes to discuss the application value of decision-making in the process of addressing the challenges associated with career and other real-life decisions.
The Cognitive Value of Aesthetic Emotions
Authors: Consoli Gianluca
Published: November 2022

Over the last two decades there have been considerable advancements in conceptual understanding and empirical findings on aesthetic emotions, one of the most popular topics in neurocognitive sciences and the scientific approaches to aesthetics. The paper proposes an empirical-theoretical review suggesting that aesthetic emotions have a strong cognitive potential in so far that they can enhance emotional intelligence. In particular, the review refers to the so-called ‘ability mental model’ of emotional intelligence and stresses evidence showing that aesthetic emotions can improve all the four dimensions of this model: perceiving emotions, using emotions to facilitate thought, understanding emotions, and self-regulating emotions.
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: the Epistolary Woman, Because Women Could Not Be Called Philosophers, Scientists, or Inventors
Authors: Mastrantonio Monica
Published: November 2022

In the past, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu has been associated with two roles: her experience in the Embassy of Turkey, highlighting cultural diversity, and her transnational travels. The aim of this article is to argue that she was more than a literary aristocrat who described habits and customs from abroad. Drawing on her collected letters, with special emphasis on letters that move beyond descriptions of Istanbul, this article notes that she was also a vaccine entrepreneur, and a journalist of political and urban issues, as well as philosophical issues. In the passages discussed here, she describes and comments on trade, products, pavement, fashion, and social class. It is high time for epistolary studies to shed its biases and to consider aspects that have been overlooked in the depiction of a secular woman of feelings and emotions. Many letter writers from the sixteenth and seventeenth century were already politically and artistically engaged feminists who used letters with precision and expertise. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, as she signed her letters, was one of them. Her letters contribute significantly to building a transcultural view of the world in which diversity and knowledge contribute to a wider perspective on reality, and they provide new opportunities to learn more about what the world was like in her day.