bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoacoustic imaging of periorbital skin cancer ex vivo: unique spectral signatures of malignant melanoma, basal, and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Stridh Magne Tordengren , Hult Jenny , Merdasa Aboma , Albinsson John , Pekar-Lukacs Agnes , Gesslein Bodil , Dahlstrand Ulf , Engelsberg Karl , Berggren Johanna , Cinthio Magnus , Sheikh Rafi , Malmsjö Malin
Published: November 2021

Radical excision of periorbital skin tumors is difficult without
sacrificing excessive healthy tissue. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an
emerging non-invasive biomedical imagi­­ng modality that
has potential for intraoperative micrographic control of surgical
margins. This is the first study to assess the feasibility of PA
imaging for the detection of periocular skin cancer. Eleven patients
underwent surgical excision of periocular skin cancer, one of which
was a malignant melanoma (MM), eight were basal cell carcinomas
(BCCs), and two squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Six tumors were
located in the eyelid, and five in periocular skin. The excised
samples, as well as healthy eyelid samples, were scanned with PA
imaging postoperatively, using 59 wavelengths in the range
680–970 nm, to generate 3D multispectral images.
Spectral unmixing was performed using endmember spectra for oxygenated
and deoxygenated Hb, melanin, and collagen, to
iden­­tify the chromophore composition of tumors and
healthy eyelid tissue. After PA scanning, the tumor samples were
examined histopathologically using standard hematoxylin and eosin
staining. The PA spectra of healthy eyelid tissue were dominated by
melanin in the skin, oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the
orbicularis oculi muscle, and collagen in the tarsal plate.
Multiwavelength 3D scanning provided spectral information on the three
tumor types. The spectrum from the MM was primarily reconstructed by
the endmember melanin, while the SCCs showed contributions primarily
from melanin, but also HbR and collagen. BCCs showed contributions
from all four endmembers with a predominance of HbO2 and
HbR. PA imaging may be used to distinguish different kinds of
periocular skin tumors, paving the way for future intraoperative
micrographic control.
Coherent terahertz Smith–Purcell free-electron laser with possible quantum effects
Authors: Fares Hesham
Published: November 2021

A quantum approach is proposed to describe the Smith–Purcell free-electron laser (SP–FEL) where the interacting electron is described quantum mechanically as a wave packet with a finite width. A quantum regime for the SP–FEL operation is newly defined when the electron wave packet width is larger or comparable to the interaction length. This quantum regime can be realized in SP–FELs in periodic nanostructures enabled by current nanofabrication advances. In this quantum regime, the gain linewidth is determined by the longitudinal size of the electron wave packet. The latter result can be used in measuring the spreading length of a free-electron quantum wave packet. It is found that as the width of the electron wave packet increases, the coherence of the emitted radiation is enhanced. Finally, whether in the classical or quantum regime, an analytical expression for the gain in a SP–FEL is derived. Then we propose an efficient scheme for a SP–FEL amplifier to generate terahertz radiation.
On expression of Doppler frequency shift in material medium and related theories
Authors: Chen Jiangwei
Published: November 2021

In practice of fluid velocity measurement by using laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), the applied expression of Doppler frequency shift (EDFS) abruptly relates to an unusual coordinate transformation matrix (CTM) instead of a Lorentz transformation matrix. Here we shall demonstrate that, drawing lessons from general relativity and Fermat’s principle, modifying the interval by adopting optical path to replace space distance, the unusual CTM and practicable EDFS mentioned above can be obtained rationally, and other related electromagnetic topics arising in media may be addressed from a new angle. This work indicates that fluid velocity measurement by using LDV can be applied to examine applicability of EDFSs and related theories, which may be helpful to deepen the understanding of foundations of relativity.
Extreme-ultraviolet vector-vortex beams from high harmonic generation
Authors: de las Heras Alba , Pandey Alok Kumar , San Román Julio , Serrano Javier , Baynard Elsa , Dovillaire Guillaume , Pittman Moana , Durfee Charles G. , Plaja Luis , Kazamias Sophie , Guilbaud Olivier , Hernández-García Carlos
Published: November 2021

Structured light in the short-wavelength regime opens exciting avenues for the study of ultrafast spin and electronic dynamics. Here, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the generation of vector-vortex beams (VVB) in the extreme ultraviolet through high-order harmonic generation (HHG). The up-conversion of VVB, which are spatially tailored in their spin and orbital angular momentum, is ruled by the conservation of the topological Pancharatnam charge in HHG. Despite the complex propagation of the driving beam, high-harmonic VVB are robustly generated with smooth propagation properties. Remarkably, we find out that the conversion efficiency of high-harmonic VVB increases with the driving topological charge. Our work opens the possibility to synthesize attosecond helical structures with spatially varying polarization, a unique tool to probe spatiotemporal dynamics in inhomogeneous media or polarization-dependent systems.
Full-color-sorting metalenses for high-sensitivity image sensors
Authors: Miyata Masashi , Nemoto Naru , Shikama Kota , Kobayashi Fumihide , Hashimoto Toshikazu
Published: November 2021

Image sensors play a critical role in current technologies ranging from smartphones to autonomous vehicles. In these technologies, high-sensitivity image sensors are highly desired because they enable dark-scene/ultra-fast imaging. Unfortunately, a conventional sensor architecture that employs color filters on every pixel fundamentally limits the detected light power per pixel because of the filtering, which has been a long-standing barrier to sensitivity improvement. Here, we demonstrate polarization-insensitive metasurface lenses (metalenses) that sort primary colors on high-density pixels without the use of color filters. The metalenses simultaneously act as pixel-scale color splitters and lenses and are compatible with complementary metal–oxide-semiconductor sensor technology. An image sensor with such metalenses significantly enhances the detected light power, while affording high image quality, incident angle tolerance, and sub-micrometer spatial resolution. The demonstrated architecture opens the way to the development of high-sensitivity color image sensors that exceed current limits while maintaining consistency with state-of-the-art sensor technology.
Frequency upconversion detection of rotational Doppler effect
Authors: Guo Haoxu , Qiu Xiaodong , Qiu Song , Hong Ling , Lin Fei , Ren Yuan , Chen Lixiang
Published: November 2021

We demonstrated an efficient scheme of measuring the angular velocity of a rotating object with the detection light working at the infrared regime. Our method benefits from the combination of second-harmonic generation (SHG) and rotational Doppler effect, i.e., frequency upconversion detection of rotational Doppler effect. In our experiment, we use one infrared light as the fundamental wave (FW) to probe the rotating objects while preparing the other FW to carry the desired superpositions of orbital angular momentum. Then these two FWs are mixed collinearly in a potassium titanyl phosphate crystal via type II phase matching, which produces the visible second-harmonic light wave. The experimental results show that both the angular velocity and geometric symmetry of rotating objects can be identified from the detected frequency-shift signals at the photon-count level. Our scheme will find potential applications in infrared monitoring.
Trends, wealth inequalities and the role of the private sector in caesarean section in the Middle East and North Africa: A repeat cross-sectional analysis of population-based surveys
Authors: McCall Stephen J. , Semaan Aline , Altijani Noon , Opondo Charles , Abdel-Fattah Mohamed , Kabakian-Khasholian Tamar
Published: November 2021

Objective

To examine trends and variations of caesarean section by economic status and type of healthcare facility in Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).

Methods

Secondary data analysis of nationally representative household surveys conducted between 2008–2020 across nine Arab countries in the MENA region. The study population was women aged 15–49 years with a live birth in the two years preceding the survey. Temporal changes in the proportion of deliveries by caesarean section in each country were calculated using generalised linear models and presented as risk differences (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Caesarean section was disaggregated by household wealth index and type of healthcare facility.

Results

Use of caesarean section ranged from 57.3% (95%CI:55.6–59.1%) in Egypt to 5.7% of births (95%CI:4.9–6.6%) in Yemen. Overall, the use of caesarean section has increased across the MENA region, except in Jordan, where there was no evidence of change (RD -2.3 (95%CI: -6.0 ‒1.4)). Across most countries, caesarean section use was highest in the richest quintile compared to the poorest quintile, for example, 42.8% (95%CI:38.0–47.6%) vs. 22.6% (95%CI:19.6–25.9%) in Iraq, respectively. Proportion of caesarean section was higher in private sector facilities compared to public sector: 21.8% (95%CI:18.2–25.9%) vs. 15.7% (95%CI:13.3–18.4%) in Yemen, respectively.

Conclusion

Variations in caesarean section exist within and between Arab countries, and it was more commonly used amongst the richest quintiles and in private healthcare facilities. The private sector has a prominent role in observed trends. Urgent policies and interventions are required to address non-medically indicated intervention.
Worn: Footwear, Attachment and the Affects of Wear, Ellen Sampson (2020)
Authors: Wilkinson Clare M.
Published: November 2021

Review of: Worn: Footwear, Attachment and the Affects of Wear, Ellen Sampson (2020)

London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 250 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35008-718-7, h/bk, £70
Colorectal Cancer in Africa: Causes, Dietary Intervention, and Lifestyle Change
Authors: Oluwole Oluwatoyin B. , Nicholas-Okpara Viola A. Nwachukwu , Gloria Elemo , Ibekwe Deborah , Eboagwu Ijeoma , Elemo Olubunmi , Adetutu Adeyoju Olubamike , Efuribe Nnenna
Published: November 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a menace in the global public health system. According to GLOBOCAN reports, colorectal cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in the world with more than 1.9 million cases and 935,000 deaths in 2020 alone. Diet plays a key role in exposing humans to environmental carcinogens and anti-carcinogens, consequently mitigating or aiding in the development of various cancers. CRC is most prevalent in western countries with a high intake of saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, and processed meat. CRC was an extremely rare disease in Africa some decades ago, but the situation is fast changing. The traditional African diet consists of leafy, roots and cruciferous vegetables, fruits, roots, tubers and plantains, legumes, whole grains, and spices, all of which have been shown to possess protective effects against CRC. However, the effect of urbanization has contributed to the shift of dietary choices among the African population to consuming more ultra-processed foods with high levels of unhealthy components that have originated from colorectal cancer prevalent regions. This review evaluates the current nutritional challenges of the African diet to colorectal cancer and the potential roles of the traditional African diets and lifestyle modification in the prevention and management of colorectal cancer.
Zrnosko. Cultural Landscapes and Social Economy of a Village in Mala Prespa
Authors: Carnevale Davide Nicola , Dimitrova Petya V. , Dražeta Bogdan D.
Published: November 2021

This paper shows the first results of a preparatory fieldwork carried out in Zrnosko, a Macedonian-speaking village in the border region of Mala Prespa, Albania. Through observations and interviews collected around the concept of cultural landscape, it offers some insights into the history of the local social economy. Among these, the longue durée role of the forest and Prespa lake in the more general social geography of the region, the heritage of the collectivistic organization under the socialist regime of Enver Hoxha, and the contemporary marginalization of the village.

The transformations in productive activities (such as small-scale agriculture and husbandry), as well as in the social organization of the local community, seem to reproduce and reshape local cultural landscapes. The widespread narratives about the lack of jobs offer a broader understanding of the village's social geography, its historical transformations and current condition. In a similar way local toponymy, as a result of an identity-building process, seems to reflect the cultural history of the environment, its productive activities and socio-cultural configurations. The participative mapping method, carried out in dialogue with locals, offers further explorations of the influence on toponyms in villagers' spatial practices, and in local identity narratives concerning ethnic and linguistic borders.

Both productive activities and local geography seem to influence perceptions on the organization of space and time among inhabitants, revealing their cultural forms of appropriation and socialization of the land, as well as the current perception of its increasing abandonment. A synchronic-diachronic research on productive activities and the changings in space orienting elements mutually suggest a problematic, and ongoing, process of transition to an alternative productive model, which alternates subsistence economy with peripheral and ephemeral market-oriented efforts.
Border and Memory in the village of Koshovice
Authors: Vasilaki Stefania , Vlachaki Maritina , Koutsourakis Nicos
Published: November 2021

This article focuses on the village of Koshovice, Albania, where its residents are part of the officially recognized Greek minority. The local perceptions of the community are discussed as linked to the Albanian-Greek border and its presence in the collective memory. After the borderline creation in 1913, local residents were divided between the two neighboring countries. The ethnographic data collected underline the experiences and the everyday practices of the villagers of Koshovice, especially during the period of the Albanian socialist state between 1945 and 1991, when the border became almost impenetrable. The article then discusses the changes after the fall of socialism and the opening of the border in the early 1990s, especially showing how the local borderland communities are still connected nowadays to each other despite the inter-state division.
Viral Environmental Warfare: Technology Bill of Rights Critically Needed
Authors: Herndon J. Marvin , Whiteside Mark
Published: November 2021

The ongoing “hidden in plain sight” geoengineering operations including the pervasive, near global spraying of ultrafine particles into the troposphere pose an existential risk to the biosphere and humanity. Likewise, bioengineering and genetic manipulation of potential pandemic pathogens with associated accidental or deliberate release represents a dire risk to the modern world. Compelling evidence to date indicates that the chimeric structure and added furin cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2 was the result of human manipulation in the laboratory. Coronavirus and vaccine patents indicate a foreknowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic, which conveniently serves the interests of the global elites. The new COVID-19 vaccines, hailed as the answer to the pandemic, have potential toxicity, fail to prevent transmission, drive the development of new variants, and over time may predispose recipients to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection. Other important technological threats include Internet-based censorship, nano-particulate pollution, electro-pollution and the massive amounts of electromagnetic energy inflicted on humans and Earth’s natural environment. A Technology Bill of Rights is critically needed to protect humanity and salvage what remains of earth’s life support systems.
Geologic structures associated with gold mineralization in the Kirk Range area in Southern Malawi
Authors: Chisambi Joshua , Haundi Tiyamike , Tsokonombwe Gift
Published: November 2021

In this contribution, we use a newly acquired high-resolution airborne geophysical data set and field geological investigations in the Kirk Range area in southern Malawi to understand structures that control gold mineralization. Gold in this area is alluvial, mined by artisanal miners and detailed information regarding the structures controlling primary mineralization remains sparse. Structural interpretations are afforded by in-depth investigation of airborne magnetic and radiometric data, which are then supported by ground geological mapping and by microscopic observations using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and optical microscopy. The results show that the Kirk Range displays extensive faulting and shearing with a NE–SW trend as the prevalent structural grain of the region. Gold mineralization is hosted in NE–SW trending structures. The wall rock alteration associated with gold mineralization results in a pronounced K/Th anomaly, which is suggested as an important radiometric guide for future exploration efforts. Exploration in the Kirk Range region should focus on the NE–SW structures, which represent potential conduits for fluid flow.
El contexto mítico de Iuno Sospita en Etruria. Un análisis iconográfico
Authors: González Estrada Lidia
Published: November 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los testimonios materiales en contexto etrusco de una deidad femenina tocada con la piel de cabra e identificada con la Juno Sospita latina. Ante todo, se examinarán las escenas narrativas o con un carácter más complejo para tratar de desentrañar el contexto mítico en el que se inserta esta divinidad. Su iconografía destaca por una relación estrecha con Heracles/Hercle en representaciones en las que prima el enfrentamiento con el héroe. A través del análisis comparativo de los distintos testimonios disponibles, es posible vislumbrar la existencia de un relato o leyenda que vincula a estos personajes, pero cuya intención es subrayar la reconciliación entre ambos. Esta finalidad cuenta con paralelos en otras imágenes protagonizadas por la diosa Uni/Juno y el héroe en ambiente etrusco, como es el caso de las escenas de amamantamiento.
Stellvertreter seleukidischer Könige. Eine kritische Analyse zum ‚Kanzler‘ im Seleukidenreich
Authors: Egetenmeier Philip
Published: November 2021

Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich seleukidischen Amtsträgern, die in den Quellen als Leiter der Regierungsgeschäfte dargestellt werden. Eine kritische Analyse der epigraphischen Zeugnisse und der Berichte antiker Autoren (1 und 2 Makkabäer, Flavius Josephus, Polybios) soll zeigen, dass zwei unterschiedliche Phänomene voneinander zu trennen sind: (1) ein situativ oder permanent ernannter Stellvertreter eines Königs für ein bestimmtes Territorium (epi ton pragmaton) und (2) ein Vormund für einen regierungsunfähigen König (epitropos / prostates). Die moderne Forschung neigt dazu, den ersten Terminus zu verallgemeinern und als Amt eines ‚Kanzlers‘ (vel sim.) zu verstehen, der die Regierungsgeschäfte auf Wunsch des Königs leitete. Auf Basis der Quellen und bei strenger Beachtung der Chronologie ist diese geläufige Vorstellung jedoch nicht haltbar. Der Untersuchungszeitraum erstreckt von der ausgehenden Regierungszeit des Seleukos III. bis zu jener des Demetrios II. (ca. 223 bis Mitte 2. Jhd. v. Chr.).
The German Landscape and Julio-Claudian Imperialism
Authors: Harris W. V.
Published: November 2021

New scientific work on the ancient landscapes of Germany and Britain makes it very likely that the Roman decision to abandon attempts to conquer Germany as far as the Elbe, most clearly expressed by Tiberius in 16 AD, was strongly influenced by perceptions of the heavily wooded landscape of that region. There were other reasons too: the concern of emperors to hinder potential rivals; the sheer difficulty of advancing to the Elbe; and the increasing concern of the emperor and his advisers for the fiscal effects of this and other potential conquests. But what is new is that the evidence of arboreal and non-arboreal pollen shows that Germany was a less attractive target than agrarian England.
Metallurgical Failure Investigation of Fractured Dog Bone Seal Retainer Ring Fillet Welds in the Turbine Exhaust Casing of a Heavy-duty Gas Turbine Engine
Authors: Neidel A. , Gädicke T. , Riesenbeck S.
Published: November 2021

Short fillet welds used to fasten a large retainer ring to so-called dog bone seals failed in the turbine exhaust casing of a non-OEM heavy-duty gas turbine engine used for power generation. The subject fillet welds fractured due to high cycle fatigue loading. Neither weld imperfections nor any other material defects were found that could have contributed to the failure. It was concluded that an unfavorable design, specifying very short fillet welds for fastening the dog bone seal segments to the retainer ring, was the root cause of failure. In a purely static loading situation, this design would probably not have failed. However, in a dynamic loading scenario as is the case in any gas turbine engine exhaust, such a design is simply not sturdy enough.
Strasti u antropološkoj misli Tome Akvinskoga
Authors: Vuković Neda , Poljak Maja
Published: November 2021

Toma Akvinski u povijest filozofije zasigurno zauzima mjesto jednog od najsustavnijih i najplodnijih mislioca svih vremena. U njegovom opusu možemo pronaći kako metafizičke i kozmološke, tako etičke, estetičke i epistemološke rasprave. U ovom ćemo se radu posvetiti jednoj od mnogobrojnih tema iz područja antropologije, a ta tema su strasti. Svrha je rada, stoga, ponuditi prikaz Tominog nauka o strastima i njihovog međusobnog odnosa.  Važno je istaknuti da njegov nauk o strastima počiva na slici čovjeka kao složenog bića koje se sastoji po svojoj biti od duše i tijela. Stoga prvo poglavlje govori upravo to tome, te ono predstavlja preliminarno poglavlje za sva ostala u kojima je riječ o strastima. Strasti se, kao što ćemo vidjeti, dijele na šest požudnih i pet gnjevljivih. U završnom dijelu rada opisuje se odnos između gnjevljivih i požudnih strasti nakon čega slijedi analiza pojedinačnih strasti.  Zaključak nudi jedan opći pregled nekih osnovnih značajki Tomine antropologije vidljivih u njegovom nauku o strastima, pri tom posebno ističući njegov naglasak na složenosti čovjeka od duše kao nematerijalnog principa i tijela kao materijalnog, te njihove intimne povezanosti.
100 YEARS OF INSULIN: Towards improved precision and a new classification of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ahlqvist Emma , Prasad Rashmi B , Groop Leif
Published: November 2021

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the fastest increasing diseases worldwide. Although it is defined by a single metabolite, glucose, it is increasingly recognized as a highly heterogeneous disease with varying clinical manifestations. Identification of different subtypes at an early stage of disease when complications might still be prevented could hopefully allow for more personalized medicine. An important step toward precision medicine would be to target the right resources to the right patients, thereby improving patient health and reducing health costs for the society. More well-defined disease populations also offer increased power in experimental, genetic and clinical studies. In a recent study, we used six clinical variables (glutamate decarboxylase autoantibodies, age at onset of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin, BMI and simple measures of insulin resistance and insulin secretion (so called HOMA estimates) to cluster adult-onset diabetes patients into five subgroups. These subgroups have been robustly reproduced in several populations worldwide and are associated with different risks of diabetic complications and responses to treatment. Importantly, the group with severe insulin-deficient diabetes had increased risk of retinopathy and neuropathy, whereas the severe insulin-resistant diabetes group has the highest risk for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and fatty liver. This emphasizes the key role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of DKD and fatty liver in T2D. In conclusion, this novel subclassification, breaking down T2D in clinically meaningful subgroups, provides the prerequisite framework for expanded personalized medicine in diabetes beyond what is already available for monogenic and to some extent type 1 diabetes.
Sob o verniz da mestiçagem
Authors: Ferreira Ceiça
Published: November 2021

Este artigo propõe investigar como, embora historicamente silenciada ou submersa no discurso da mestiçagem, a questão racial estrutura a opressão de gênero no contexto social e no cinema brasileiro. Para isso, utiliza como objeto de análise os filmes Jubiabá (Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1987), Orfeu (1999) e O maior amor do mundo (2006), de Cacá Diegues, buscando assim examinar a intersecção de gênero e de raça na construção de personagens, sua caracterização e atuação na narrativa, suas relações de pertencimento e posturas assumidas diante de outras(os) personagens, que podem indicar continuidades, fluxos e contradições nos regimes de visibilidade.
Broadening the scope of error categories in translation assessment through screen recording
Authors: Angelone Erik
Published: November 2021

To date, the assessment of student translations has been largely based on configurations of error categories that address some facet of the translation product. Focal points of such product-oriented error annotation include language mechanics (punctuation, grammar, lexis and syntax, for example) and various kinds of transfer errors. In recent years, screen recording technology has opened new doors for empirically informing translation assessment from a more process-oriented perspective (Massey and Ehrensberger-Dow, 2014; Angelone, 2019). Screen recording holds particular promise when tracing errors documented in the product back to potential underlying triggers in the form of processes that co-occur on screen in their presence. Assessor observations made during screen recording analysis can give shape to process-oriented error categories that parallel and complement product-oriented categories. This paper proposes a series of empirically informed, process-oriented error categories that can be used for assessing translations in contexts where screen recordings are applied as a diagnostic tool. The categories are based on lexical and semantic patterns derived from a corpus-based analysis of think-aloud protocols documenting articulations made by assessors when commenting on errors made in student translations while watching screen recordings of their work. It is hoped that these process-oriented error categories will contribute to a more robust means by which to assess and classify errors in translation.
embodiment of ‘Chinese strength’
Authors: Zhong Wenyu , Luo Mengyu
Published: November 2021

This article examines how Chinese songs have incorporated collectivism-oriented cultural values since the outbreak of COVID-19. Such songs are composed to express emotions and cultural values during the global crisis. They are also cultural symbols, sharing not only music but also cultural spirit. This article takes lyrics in Chinese songs, published from February to April 2020, as symbolic texts to analyse the cultural values behind music composing and expression. We identify keywords in song lyrics such as Yi Qing [epidemic], Kang Yi [anti-epidemic] and Xin Guan [COVID-19] via a representative music platform (NetEase Cloud Music) in China. The results show that these lyrics emphasize different levels of collectivism, including eulogizing the nation, advocating unity, and praising national heroes.
Umiędzynarodowienie badań medioznawczych i kształcenia akademickiego – studium przypadku
Authors: Drąg Katarzyna
Published: November 2021

Umiędzynarodowienie badań medioznawczych i kształcenia akademickiego – studium przypadku. Artykuł dotyczy aktualnej w polskim szkolnictwie wyższym oraz w wymiarze światowym kategorii umiędzynarodowienia. Zalety oraz wyzwania wiążące się z tym procesem zostały w tekście przedstawione w studium przypadku umiędzynaradawiania badań medioznawczych oraz kształcenia medialnego w Instytucie Dziennikarstwa i Komunikacji Społecznej Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie.
Etyka intymności w reportażu filmowym – granice lub horyzonty widzenia
Authors: Cich Bernadetta
Published: November 2021

Etyka intymności w reportażu filmowym – granice lub horyzonty widzenia. Ekspansja kodu obrazowego jako determinującego tworzywa komunikatów w zmediatyzowanej rzeczywistości pociąga za sobą istotne zmiany na wielu płaszczyznach życia społeczeństwa cyfrowego. Szybkość działania obrazu i silna perswazja komunikatów obrazowych, która wynika z wrażenia niepodważalności autentyczności, więzi z prawdą interpretowanej przez człowieka jako odbicie faktów czy rzeczywistości faktycznej, staje się narzędziem w sferze biznesu, mediów, polityki czy życia prywatnego. Stają się one narzędziem, które przekonuje do „kupowania”, „oglądania”, „odbierania”, do „wybrania”, do „atrakcyjności”. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba pokazania niektórych etycznych aspektów intymności przedstawianej w reportażu filmowym. Analizy są próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy etyka stanowi granice, czy też horyzonty widzenia w przestawianiu intymności w reportażu filmowym.
Prawda i uczciwość – Boskie prawa a ludzka etyka w serialu Opowieść podręcznej
Authors: Rączy Kamila
Published: November 2021

Prawda i uczciwość – Boskie prawa a ludzka etyka w serialu Opowieść podręcznej. Fundament uczciwości pojmowanej w kategorii aksjologicznej stanowią trzy elementarne wartości: prawda, dobro oraz miłość. Z kolei normatywne znaczenie pojęcia „uczciwość” w ujęciu aksjologicznym, związane jest z etycznym postępowaniem jednostki w relacji z innymi ludźmi oraz względem siebie samej. Prawda i uczciwość uznawane są za nadrzędne wartości etyczne towarzyszące człowiekowi przez całe jego życie. Dzięki powyższym normom człowiek może prosperować zgodnie z przyjętymi zasadami postępowania, czyli tzw. kodeksem etycznym, w imię miłości, dobra, prawdy, piękna, wolności. Zgodnie z powyższą tezą, należy podjąć próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie: Czy drugi człowiek ma prawo, by odebrać bliźniemu nadrzędną wartość, jaką jest wolność? By odnaleźć odpowiedź na powyższe pytanie, należy skonfrontować widza z wizją destrukcji świata następującą w skutek katastrofy. Spowodowana jest ona sprawowaniem władzy przez uprzywilejowaną samozwańczą grupę rządzącą, którawykorzystuje jako narzędzie władzy: opresję, mechanizmy reżimu oraz wojsko. W tym świecie zniewolenie drugiego człowieka usprawiedliwia się realizacją woli boskiej, a usilna próba odebrania człowiekowi godności oraz autonomii jest wyrazem zniekształcania prawdy. Po wkroczeniu w futurystyczny, fikcyjny świat, odbiorca zostaje skonfrontowany z szeregiem sytuacji granicznych.
Specyfika i wartość sloganu reklamowego. Studium reklamy kosmetyków na łamach magazynu „Glamour”
Authors: Mirek-Rogowska Aleksandra
Published: November 2021

Specyfika i wartość sloganu reklamowego. Studium reklamy kosmetyków na łamach magazynu „Glamour”. Reklama jest nieodłącznym elementem ludzkiego życia. Obecnie towarzyszy nam na każdym kroku, bombardując nas obietnicami „lepszej”, bardziej „kolorowej przyszłości”. Sugeruje nam, że dzięki niej „życie jest piękne”, na co również zwraca uwagę jedna ze znanych marek perfum. Jak wiadomo, najbardziej zapadającym w pamięć elementem reklamy jest jej slogan. Język haseł reklamowych stale się zmienia, więc czasami klasyfikacje z ostatnich lat, szczególnie te dotyczące struktury składni, mogą być niewystarczające. Co więcej, warto także pochylić się nad wartościami i wartościowaniem sloganów, które nadają reklamie oryginalności, jednocześnie wywołując w odbiorcy pozytywne emocje, poczucie radości czy wyjątkowości. Niniejsza publikacja skupia się na sloganach, występujących w reklamie prasowej kosmetyków w magazynie „Glamour” w latach: 2014 oraz 2016. Uzyskane wyniki zachęcają do dalszych badań tego słowa w hasłach reklamowych.
Strategic Priorities for the Development of State Corporations of the Russian Economy in Modern Conditions
Authors: Kurchenkov Vladimir , Makarenko Olga
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the functioning and development of large state corporations in the Russian economy. Including the matters of determining the strategic priorities of socio-economic development in the state as a whole their leading role within the formation of the corporate model of public sector in the modern Russian economy is justified. It is determined that each state corporation performs different functions in the economy, including reproduction, innovation, stabilization and the function of ensuring economic security. The paper highlights the shortcomings and imperfections of the institution of state corporations functioning determined by the peculiarities of their institutional status. Practical examples of participation of state corporations in the implementation of major national projects of the country are presented. It was revealed that the strategic development priorities of state corporations coincide and correlate with the development priorities of the state, thereby ensuring their participation in the implementation of state policy in a particular area. The analysis made it possible to highlight recommendations for improving the efficiency of state corporations and outline the prospects for their further existence and development in the modern Russian economy. The research results can be used to optimize the work of large corporate structures with state participation when developing strategic planning documents and determining the prospects for their long-term development.
National Information Risks of Big Data
Authors: Yakhtin Vasily
Published: November 2021

The importance of this research is determined by the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on national economic security. The Russian government aims to use modern information technologies as a leading tool of global competitiveness. The scale of public spending on the information & communication and end-to-end technologies development and implementation in the Russian Federation exceeds the majority of socially significant national projects. Industry 4.0 technologies not only provide successful development of the state, but also carry potential threats and risks. The article analyzes the big data technologies impact on the information systems security of private organizations and government agencies. The article considers interpretations of the “big data” category formulated by foreign and domestic researchers. The study reveals a trend describing an increasing number of incidents related to the leakage of personal data and other valuable information. The author modeled the possible damage caused by leaks of personal data and other valuable information incurred by private organizations and government agencies of the Russian Federation for the period from 2016 to 2019. The article identifies the need for improving Russian legislation in the field of big data collection and use. Moreover, the author identifies the necessity for encouraging the introduction of modern information security tools in private organizations and government agencies.
The Goals of “Green” Clusters in Tourism
Authors: Mishulina Svetlana , Molchanova Vera
Published: November 2021

Tourist clusters are widely used in domestic practice as tools for the development of tourist infrastructure and improving the competitiveness of tourist products. The strategic effectiveness of clusters is determined by the extent to which the goals of their formation and functioning take into account the trends in the development of national and global tourism, as well as the interests of global, national and local stakeholders. Environmental challenges, transforming the system of socio-ecological and economic interests of stakeholders, require a corresponding adjustment of goals and goal-setting procedures at all stages of the cluster life cycle. The article substantiates the need for greening the goals system of cluster initiatives as a key condition and the first step in the system of measures for the “green” reorientation of existing and emerging clusters; offers a definition of a “green” tourism cluster as an organizational mechanism for greening the tourism industry, as well as a set of joint goals of its participants, which allows us to reach a compromise between the mission of greening tourism activities and the commercial success of the cluster. Data from the Russian and European Cluster Observatories, the European Cluster Collaboration Platform, and the TCI Network, a global network on clusters, innovation, and competitiveness for the period from 2003 to the present, are the information base for the study of the goals of cluster initiatives.
Innovative Technologies of Human Capital Development of Children with Disabilities
Authors: Mikhaylova Nataliya , Litvinenko Inna
Published: November 2021

Building up human capital is the main element of the Russian regions’ strategic development, since it is a necessary basis for economic growth. Achieving high economic performance without state influence on human capital at the present stage is not possible. The article is devoted to the problem of human capital development in the context of demographic crisis in Russia, the peculiarities of migration and the high level of disabled people among employable population. Theoretical and methodological foundations of human capital formation are analyzed in the context of the need to increase the innovativeness of the Russian economy. The authors identified innovative approaches to the formation of human capital of children with disabilities in the process of obtaining education and achieving acmeological growth. The basis of the policy of increasing human capital should be an updated and objectively formed strategy for the socio-economic development of the territory. The main element of the new strategy should be measures aimed at economic growth, increasing the productivity of economic entities in the region, increasing budget profitability, and increasing the financial security of socially disadvantaged categories of citizens. The development of education, healthcare and social services should be additional elements of the region’s policy of increasing human capital.
Estimation of the Response Size to the Immersive Content of Virtual Tourism Using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC)
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Choi In Mook , Chon Si Hyun
Published: November 2021

This study aims to provide a technically necessary reference value for producing immersive content in virtual tourism. In order to estimate the size of responsiveness of immersive content for VR tourism, the size of the responsiveness regarding animation, narration, and dynamics (the three properties that have the most significant influence on the number of views) were used in this study. One hundred fifty-two 360° VR videos posted on YouTube were purposively selected and they were compared in terms of responsiveness by simultaneously performing the estimation formula according to the Pythagorean definition and the cut-off point of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. The results of the analyses showed that animation was the most significant discriminating power as a diagnostic tool. It elicited the most robust viewer responses out of all the virtual tourism immersive contents. This indicates that videos with added animation enhance storytelling and viewer immersion. Although the narration and dynamics had relatively weak predictive power, it still demonstrated a significant predicting power for an increase in the number of views. Throughout this study, numerical estimation and objective analyses of realistic types were possible. In addition, ROC research turned out to be a useful diagnostic tool in examining the predictive power for immersive content in virtual tourism.
Iron Encapsulation by Deacetylated Glucomannan as an Excipient Using the Gelation Method: Characteristics and Controlled Release
Authors: Wardhani Dyah H. , Etnanta Fatiha N. , Ulya Hana N. , Aryanti Nita
Published: November 2021

Research background. Deacetylation and the use of CaCl2 as a gelation agent improve the performance of glucomannan as iron encapsulant. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of deacetylation degree and pH of gelation on the characteristics of encapsulated iron using gelation in CaCl2 solution.
Experimental approach. Glucomannan was deacetylated at various NaOH concentrations and was subsequently utilized as an iron excipient using the pipette-dropped gelation method in CaCl2 solution to directly investigate the process of encapsulation by gelation. The pH of the gelation solution was also changed. The beads were subsequently vacuum-dried.
Results and conclusions. Deacetylation led to lower endothermic peak of the glucomannan than that of the native one. The deacetylation degree and pH of gelation did not significantly affect the diameter of the beads but influenced their appearance and physical characteristics. The backbone of glucomannan was not changed by either the deacetylation degree or the pH of the gelation. The highest encapsulation efficiency (73.27 %) was observed in the encapsulated iron using the glucomannan matrix of the highest deacetylation degree (82.56 %) and gelated in the solution at pH=10. The highest deacetylation degree of glucomannan caused the highest swelling of the beads, which led to the release of a higher amount of iron. Glucomannan deacetylation improves the iron encapsulation and enables higher iron release at pH=6.8 than at pH=1.2. The Weibull model was the best-fitting model to represent the profile of iron release from the deacetylated glucomannan matrix using the gelation method (R2>0.93) at pH=6.8 and pH=1.2.
Novelty and scientific contribution. This result supports the application of deacetylated glucomannan using NaOH as a pH-sensitive matrix for iron encapsulation and CaCl2 solution as gelation agent. A higher deacetylation degree leads to the release of a higher amount of iron from the matrix. The encapsulation does not only protect the iron but also delivers it to the absorption site and controls its release, which is useful in supplement formulation or food fortification. The results show that the deacetylated glucomannan as the matrix holds more iron in encapsulation process.
THE STRUCTURAL, IMPEDANCE AND DIELECTRIC A FERRITE CORE OF IRON MANGANITE AND ITS COMPOSITE
Authors: Gunanto Yohanes Edi , Sitompul Henni , Izaak Maya Puspitasari , Adi Wisnu Ari
Published: November 2021

THE STRUCTURAL, IMPEDANCE AND DIELECTRIC A FERRITE CORE OF IRON MANGANITE AND ITS COMPOSITE. Samples with single-phase MnFeO3 and multiphase MnFeO3/ZnFe2O4 (30/70), and MnFeO3/ZnFe2O4/LaMnO3 (30/40/30) have been successfully prepared as ferrite cores by the solid-state reaction method using high energy milling. Crystal structure, surface morphology, impedance, AC-conductivity and dielectric quantities, such as dielectric constant and dielectric loss have been studied. The crystalline structures for MnFeO3, ZnFe2O4, and LaMnO3 are hexagonal, cubic and monoclinic, The Rietveld program used for XRD analysis resulted in the composition fractions of single phase MnFeO3, multiphase MnFeO3/ZnFe2O4 (31/69), and MnFeO3/ZnFe2O4/LaMnO3 (31/40/29). The morphology of all samples has a heterogeneous shape and size with low porosity. The single-phase impedance of MnFeO3 is higher than the multiphase sample. The conductivity of the three samples has the same pattern, which is relatively constant at low frequencies and begins to increase at frequencies above 10 kHz. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss (tan 𝜕) have high values at low frequencies, decrease exponentially with increasing frequency and are relatively fixed at high frequencies.
IDENTIFICATION OF BAINITE IN A MULTI-PHASE MICROSTRUCTURE OF AN AUSTEMPERED STEEL ALLOY: A METALLOGRAPHY APPROACH
Authors: Hasbi Muhammad Yunan , Wida'atullah M R , Citrawati Fatayalkadri , Chandra Septian Adi , Suhaemi L.
Published: November 2021

IDENTIFICATION OF BAINITE IN A MULTI-PHASE MICROSTRUCTURE OF AN AUSTEMPERED STEEL ALLOY: A METALLOGRAPHY APPROACH. Structural characterization of a multi-phase steel has become an exciting issue in various studies to date. This relates to the difficulty in distinguishing phases with similar morphology, i.e. bainite and martensite, through chemical etching. This study discusses a method to observe bainite phase through a metallographic approach on FeNi steel using color etching. Variations in the use of etching in this research include 2% nital, 4% picral, and 15% sodium metabisulphite (SMB). First, the samples were austenized then austempered at either 400 °C or 500 °C, for 60 min followed by quenching in either water or brine solution. Based on optical microscope observations, SMB color etching provides more explicit information on the visualization of bainite and martensite phases because they have different color appearances. The bainite phase is shown in bluish color, while the martensite phase is shown in brownish color. Furthermore, the influence of variation in austempering temperature and quench media on microstructure morphology was also discussed. In addition, the calculation of the lattice parameters of the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern was also carried out in this study to identify the crystal structure formed.
Spatial Location and the State of Timber Industry Enterprises in the Soviet Union by the End of the First Five-Year Plan
Authors: Zykin Ivan
Published: November 2021

In the period of New Economic Policy in the USSR industrialization issues became very topical. In timber industry complex, the solutions were related to the development of forested areas in Northeastern regions of the country as well as to the construction and reconstruction of enterprises. The article provides the first-time analysis of maps and forest industry location, based on the results of the First Five-Year Plan published in the atlas “The Industry in the USSR and the beginning of the Second Five-Year Plan“ and statistical collection materials ”Social Construction of the USSR”. The analysis was made in order to define the situation in the industry, the main directions of production as well as the regional specificities. Using the example of wood machining sphere the author presents the analysis of enterprise groups according to different criteria. The research resulted in conclusions about highest intensity of enterprise reconstruction and construction in timber sawing, in furniture industry and intra-sectoral combination. In timber industry, the majority of enterprises were small and middle companies, which greatly contributed to its development. Regional specificities of timber industry location included concentration of main facilities in northwestern, western and central parts of the country, in the Volga region and in Ural. However only several regions had developed wood machining and deep processing spheres, such as Leningrad oblast, the Gorky Krai, Belarusian and the Ukrainian Soviet Republics.