bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging gaps: A qualitative inquiry on improving paediatric rheumatology care among healthcare workers in Kenya.
Authors: MIGOWA ANGELA NYANGORE , Bernatsky Sasha , Ngugi Anthony K , Foster Helen E , Muriuki Peterrock , Riang’a Roselyter M , Luchters Stanley
Published: August 2023

Background: Due to the paucity of paediatric rheumatologists in Kenya, it is paramount that we explore strategies to bridge clinical care gaps for paediatric rheumatology patients, to ultimately promote early diagnosis, prompt referral, and optimal management.
Purpose: To identify proposed interventions which can improve the ability of non-specialist healthcare workers to care for paediatric rheumatology patients across Kenya.
Methods: We conducted 12 focus group discussions with clinical officers(community healthcare providers), nurses, general practitioners and paediatricians across six regions in Kenya. Interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using MAXQDA 2022.2 software.
Results: A total of 68 individuals participated in the study; 11 clinical officers, 12 nurses, 10 general practitioners, 27 paediatricians and eight other healthcare workers. Proposed patient interventions included patient education and psychosocial support. Community interventions were outreach awareness campaigns, mobilising financial support for patients’care, mobilising patients to access diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Healthcare worker interventions include diagnostic, management, and referral guidelines, as well as research and educational interventions related to symptom identification, therapeutic strategies, and effective patient communication skills. In addition, it was highlighted that healthcare systems should be bolstered to improve insurance coverage and access to integrated multi-disciplinary clinical care.
Conclusions: Study participants were able to identify potential initiatives to improve paediatric rheumatology care in Kenya. Additional efforts are underway to design, implement and monitor the impact of some of these potential interventions,
Sexually transmitted infections in Belgian general practices: a nationwide continuing surveillance study, data from 2015 to 2020
Authors: Bensemmane Sherihane , Moreels Sarah , Lecompte Amaryl , Berghe Wim Vanden , Schreye Robrecht
Published: August 2023

Background
Reported Sexually transmitted infections (STI) cases are continuously increasing in Europe. In Belgium, 94,1% of citizens have a regular general practitioner (GP) or are affiliated to a general practice. By using GPs for surveillance, STIs can be monitored in the general population. Between January 2015 and December 2020, the Sentinel General Practitioners (SGP) network retrospectively reported 5 STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital warts, herpes, syphilis. The current study describes STI surveillance data collected from 2015 to 2020 as well as investigate patients’ characteristics and risk factors in the sample population.
Methods
In the SGP network database on STIs, participating GPs report on case-by-case basis through paper or online registration forms. We performed descriptive statistics, X² test and logistic regression using SAS®9.4. Multivariate multiple logistic regression was performed to investigate the relationship between STIs and patients’ characteristics .
Results
During the study period, 1009 cases were reported, corresponding to an episode-based incidence estimated at 121 per 100 000 inhabitants. The majority of patients (59.8%) were men, and 83.6% were under age 30. Among female patients 92.7% had heterosexual contacts whereas 64.4% of male patients did. Women were more likely to be diagnosed with chlamydia (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.12–2.17) and herpes (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.04–2.86) than men.
Conclusions
In this study, STI surveillance data were in agreement with literature. Continuous surveillance through the SGP network remains an important tool to obtain information about populations at risk and STI incidence in the general population.
2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid affects endogenous polyamine and indol-3-acetic acid levels and changes the proteomic profile, modulating the in vitro growth response of axillary buds and affecting the adventitious rooting of Cedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae)
Authors: Ribeiro Yrexam Rodrigues de Souza , Aragão Victor Paulo Mesquita , Carrari-Santos Renan , de Sousa Kariane Rodrigues , Macedo Amanda Ferreira , Floh Eny Iochevet Segal , Silveira Vanildo , Santa-Catarina Claudete
Published: August 2023

Endogenous levels of some molecules, such as polyamines (PAs) and auxin, can be associated with the control of shoot and root development. The effects of 6-benzyladenine (BA), putrescine (Put) and the auxin transport inhibitor 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) on the development of Cedrela fissilis shoots, as well as the effects on endogenous alteration of PAs and variations in protein abundance, were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of Put and TIBA on ex vitro root development and the endogenous content of PAs was investigated. The BA + Put combined with TIBA treatment promoted an inhibition of shoot growth from cotyledonary nodal segments, decreasing endogenous total free-PA levels and increasing IAA-free content compared to shoots treated with BA + Put without TIBA. A comparative proteomic analysis of BA + Put + TIBA-treated shoots showed reduced accumulation of proteins mainly related to cytoskeleton organization, carbon metabolism, and photosynthesis and increased accumulation of proteins related to the degradation of valine, leucine and isoleucine compared to those without TIBA. The percentage and number of rooted shoots were significantly reduced by Put + TIBA treatment, showing that auxin inhibitors and not Put are responsible for the decrease in rooting. These results show that the combination of BA + Put with the auxin transport inhibitor TIBA interferes with endogenous PA metabolism and alters protein abundance, thereby altering shoot development. Moreover, Put is not related to rooting induction in C. fissilis.
Analysis of Physiochemical Parameters and Heavy Metal Pollution in Chenab River and its Tributaries, Jammu &Kashmir
Authors: Sharma Komal , Dogra Somalya , Singh Navdeep
Published: August 2023

The current study aimed to measure the status of water quality of Chenab River, Neeru Stream and Bischleri Stream. Samples of water were collected from twenty different locations in the month of June, 2022. The focus of the study was to check pollution load and heavy metal contamination using various water quality indices. As per BIS and WHO standards, it was found that maximum parameters were within the permissible limit except pH, turbidity, Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) at some sampling points. The results reveal that the quality of water in the studied area was good as seen from Water Quality Index (WQI) values which were found between 34.8 to 44.8. The Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI) value ranges from medium to heavy pollution in maximum sampling points due to increased concentration of Chromium (Cr) in water samples. HPI index value found above the critical limit (>100) showed pollution load in the water. The river water was found to deteriorate due to the influence of wastewater discharge into the river directly or other anthropogenic activities.
Analytical Modeling for Electrical Characteristics of Source Pocket-Based Hetero Dielectric Gate TFETs
Authors: Kavi Kavindra Kumar , Tripathi Shweta , Mishra R. A , Kumar Sanjay
Published: August 2023

In this article, a physics-based 2-D analytical model for electrical charateristics such as electric field, surface potential and drain current of source pocket hetero-dielectric double-gate tunnel FET (SP-HD-DG-TFET) is proposed to simultaneously increase the drain current and immune the subthreshold swing (SS). The presented structure of the device consist of source pocket of a highly n + doped Silicon with a horizontally stacked gate-oxide structure of HfO2/SiO2. Poisson's equation has been discussed in the channel region by applying the parabolic approximation technique and appropriate boundary conditions. The expression of electric field has been developed using the channel potential model. Analytically integration of band-to-band tunneling generation rate over the channel thickness yields the drain current expression. The device's performances of SP-HD-DG-TFETs using the suggested model have been found better in terms of V-I characteristics, ION/IOFF, and SS as compared with hetero-diegetic double gate TFET (HD-DG-TFET), high-k TFET and conventional DG-TFET. The suggested model's output has been compared to simulation results produced by the SILVACO ATLAS TCAD tool and found to be good accordance between them.
Phlebotomines study in urban and rural areas in an endemic region of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Garcia Fernando Castro , Santos Carlos Fernando Rocha dos , Bezerra Aryel José Alves , Silva Thiago Emanuel Ribeiro , Filho Moezio de Vasconcellos Costa Santos , Bassi Ênio José , Anderson Leticia
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the prevalence and seasonal variation of phlebotomine sandflies, the vectors responsible for transmitting leishmaniasis, in the municipality of Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil. It provided insights into sandfly distribution and abundance in relation to climatic and ecological factors. The study revealed a higher population of sandflies in the rural area of Utinga, where favorable temperature and rainfall conditions were observed. The correlation between climatic variables and sandfly activity emphasized the importance of monitoring weather forecasts as an early warning system for disease outbreaks. The identification of prevalent species, known leishmaniasis vectors, raised concerns about disease transmission in Rio Largo. Here, we are reporting for the first time in the Alagoas State, the report of four Phlebotomus species: Psychodopygus complexus, Psychodopygus carrerai carrerai, Viannamyia caprina and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata. Also, understanding the relationship between climatic factors, ecological conditions, and sandfly presence is crucial for effective vector control and disease prevention strategies. Considering the impact of climate change on ecosystems, it is essential to consider its implications for leishmaniasis epidemiology. This study provides valuable insights into the ecology of phlebotomine sandflies in Rio Largo and highlights the need for integrated approaches to prevent and control leishmaniasis in endemic regions. These findings contribute to parasitology research and inform efforts to combat this vector-borne disease.
Modelling Nanofluid Viscosity: Comparing Models and Optimizing Feature Selection - A Novel Approach
Authors: Onyiriuka Ekene
Published: August 2023

Background
The accurate prediction of viscosity in nanofluids is essential for comprehending their flow behaviour and enhancing their effectiveness in different industries. This research delves into modelling the viscosity of nanofluids and assessing various models through cross-validation techniques. The models are compared based on the root mean square error of the cross-validation sets, serving as the selection criteria.
The main body of the abstract:
Four feature selection algorithms were evaluated to identify the most influential features for viscosity prediction. The feature selection based on physical meaning was the algorithm that yielded the best results, as outlined in this study. This methodology takes into account the physical relevance of most aspects of the nanofluid's viscosity. To assess the predictive performance of the models, we conducted a cross-validation process, which provided a robust evaluation. We used the root mean squared error of the cross-validation sets to compare the models. This rigorous evaluation identified the most accurate and reliable model for predicting nanofluid viscosity.
Results
The results showed that the novel feature selection algorithm outclassed the established approaches in predicting the viscosity of single material nanofluid. The proposed feature selection algorithm had a root mean squared error of 0.022 and an r squared value of 0.9941 for the validation set, while for the test set, the root mean squared error was 0.0146, the mean squared error was 0.0157, the r squared value was 0.9924.
Conclusions
This research provides valuable insights into nanofluid viscosity and offers guidance on choosing the most suitable features for viscosity modelling. The study also highlights the importance of using physical meaning to select features and cross-validation to assess model performance. The models developed in this study can be helpful in predicting nanofluid viscosity and optimising their use in different industrial processes.
Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome Masquarading as Atypical Optic Neuritis
Authors: Han Kwang Eon , Lee Seung Min , Kim Su-jin , Choi Heeyoung , Choi Jae Hwan
Published: August 2023

Background
We report a case of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) masquerading as atypical optic neuritis in a young female patient.
Case presentation:
A 23-year-old female presented with ocular pain and visual field defect in her left eye for one week. Her best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 on her right eye and 20/30 on her left eye. Pupillary size was 3 mm for both eyes. Relative afferent pupillary defect was detected on the left eye. Color vision test was normal for both eyes. Visual field test revealed blind spot enlargement on the left eye. On fundus examination, disc swelling was found on the left eye. Other abnormalities were not found. The patient was suspected with atypical optic neuritis. Fluorescein angiography showed hyperfluorescent spots in the posterior pole and leakage of disc on the left eye. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging did not show any abnormal findings or enhancement. Multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) showed reduced amplitude for the involved area. There were relatively hyper-autofluorescence lesions outside fovea and hypo-autofluorescent fovea in blue light fundus autofluorescence (BL-FAF) image. En face optical coherent tomography (OCT) revealed multiple hyporeflective dots at the ellipsoid zone (EZ). Swept-source-OCT (SS-OCT) showed irregular cells in the EZ with increased outer retinal thickness. On repeated fundus examination, multiple white dots were found vaguely. The patient was diagnosed with MEDWS and was able to recover in six weeks.
Conclusions
Patients with MEDWS who present with disc swelling, ocular pain, and RAPD might be misdiagnosed as optic neuritis. In atypical optic neuritis, en face OCT, BL-FAF and SS-OCT can aid in the differential diagnosis.
Soil-root interactions under conditions of high mechanical resistance facilitated by root mucilage secretion
Authors: Ghezelbash Ehsan , Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein , Shorafa Mahdi
Published: August 2023

Background and Aim
To investigate the independent effects of soil mechanical resistance (SMR) on the properties of two maize cultivars (703 and 704), an experiment was conducted.
Methods
The SMR was manipulated by inducing soil compaction at five levels, resulting in different bulk densities (1.56, 1.6, 1.66, 1.69, and 1.71 Mg.m-3), along with cementation in a loamy sand soil. These manipulations were carried out while maintaining a constant matric potential.
Results
The studied plants responded to the increased soil mechanical resistance (SMR) by exuding mucilage, which effectively reduced the resistance to root penetration. However, when SMR was increased through compaction, it ultimately resulted in a decrease in root water uptake, particularly at bulk densities exceeding 1.6 Mg.m-3 (equivalent to SMR > 1.8 MPa). Furthermore, the cementation treatment and the increase in SMR consistently impacted plant function and properties, resulting in a continuous decrease in plant growth. The findings revealed a significant correlation between SMR, mucilage exudation by roots, and Total Root Water Uptake (TRWU) in the treatments examined.
Conclusions
As this study did not identify a specific threshold value of SMR that triggered an abrupt response in plant behavior, the exudation weight and water content of root mucilage can be considered as potential criteria for determining the critical limit of SMR. Since root exuded mucilage is influenced by both soil properties and plant conditions, analyzing its properties can provide valuable insights into SMR thresholds.
Systematic review of the measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of eHealth literacy in adult populations.
Authors: Délétroz Carole , Allen Marina Canepa , Yameogo Achille , Sasseville Maxime , Rouquette Alexandra , Bodenmann Patrick , Gagnon Marie-Pierre
Published: August 2023

Background
Improving eHealth Literacy (eHL) is a biggest challenge facing the global healthcare community. Indeed, the use of digital services has the potential to engage patients in care, it remains highly dependent on patients’ specific skills. The aim of this study was to systematically review currently available instruments of eHL for adult populations and to summarize evidence on their psychometric properties.
Method
Studies reporting on the development and/or validation of any instrument of eHL for adult populations were considered eligible. Databases and grey literature were searched from inception to 2021, and websites until 2022. Quality assessment, data analysis and synthesis followed COSMIN methodology.
Results
This study included 10 instruments, 40 articles and one report. The HL19-DIGI, DHLI, TeHLI, eHLQ, eHLA has sufficient ratings for aspects of content validity, although with mostly low-quality of evidence. Sufficient ratings for structural validity, internal consistency were also found for the HL19-DIGI, TeHLI and eHEALS with a three-factor structures, but no enough evidence on reliability for those instruments.
Conclusion
The eHEALS was the most frequently investigated instrument, but the lack of sufficient content validity. DIGI, DHLI, TeHLI, eHLQ, eHLA have shown adequate content validity, but there is insufficient evidence of their psychometric qualities. Therefore, we strongly recommend that instrument’s content be updated to reflect patients' adaption to ehealth services, and psychometrics must be carried out systematically.
Systematic review registration
: PROSPERO CRD42021232765
Experimental and mathematically modelled temperature characteristics of human knee joint meniscus during radiofrequency resection
Authors: Gryshchuk Bogdan , Boiko Igor , Shlykov Vladyslav , Višniakov Nikolaj , Šešok Andžela
Published: August 2023

This study investigates radiofrequency (RF) plasma temperatures around the active electrode of a bipolar arthroscopic RF resector and human knee meniscus tissue temperatures during RF resection. Knee arthroscopy uses various high-frequency (HF) electrodes. However, the electrodes’ configuration leads to the destruction of too much volume and damage to non-target tissue of the knee joint meniscus, potentially leading to repeated damage to the meniscus and post-traumatic arthrosis. Therefore, knowing the optimal parameters for RF meniscus resection, such as resection temperature, mechanical stress on tissues, and process duration, is important. This study experimentally determined the temperature characteristics of RF meniscus resection using a bipolar RF arthroscopic resector and compared the results with a mathematical model of RF meniscus resection compiled in the COMSOL environment. Discrepancies between modelling and experimental research were obtained that determine the optimal temperature parameters for HF resection of the knee joint meniscus: HF plasma temperature, meniscus heating temperature during RF resection using a resector in a conductive fluid, and meniscus heating temperature when using analogues in a conductive fluid.
Biopolymer-containing formulations to render acrylic fabrics fire resistant and anti-static
Authors: El-Sayed H. , Mohamed A. L. , Abou-Taleb M.
Published: August 2023

A synergy of phytic acid (PA) and proteinic biopolymer, namely keratin and sericin, was adopted to boost the resistance to flame, ultraviolet rays, and electrostatic charges, as well as enhance hydrophilicity of acrylic fabric. An efficient flame retardant (FR) was synthesized by reacting calculated amounts of PA and pentaerythritol (PE) to form hexa-pentaerythritol phytate ester (HPP), which in turn reacted with a proteinic bioplymer in the presence or absence of a crosslinking agent to produce a multifunctional FR formulation. The prepared formulation was utilized as a multifunctional textile auxiliary for improving the resistance of alkali-hydrolyzed acrylic fabric to flame and UV rays and for enhancing its hydrophilic and anti-static properties. The solubility of the prepared formulation in different solvents at different temperatures was examined. The chemical structure of the synthesized functional FR was investigated using FTIR and by determining its phosphorus, nitrogen, and carboxylic contents. The mechanism of reaction between the synthesized FR and the hydrolyzed fabric was proposed. The discrepancy between the topography of the treated and untreated fabrics was monitored using scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the treated acrylic fabric exhibited a durable and superior resistance to flame, which was not adversely affected by washing up to 20 times. The anti-static property and wettability of the treated fabrics were highly improved, whereas their resistance to the deteriorative action of UV rays was enhanced to an almost adequate level. The proposed process is an additive method for improving some performance and comfort attributes of acrylic fabric without causing severe loss in the fabric’s strength.
A method for isolating and culturing ectopic epithelial and stromal cells to study human adenomyosis
Authors: Fang Zhou , Wang Jianzhang , Li Tiantian , Yin Meichen , Peng Yangying , Zhang Xinmei
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Although adenomyosis is a common and benign gynecological disease, the specific pathogenesis of this condition has yet to be fully elucidated. It is difficult to culture primary cells of the ectopic endometrial epithelia and stroma from human adenomyosis lesions. Most previous of studies on adenomyosis were based on primary eutopic endometrium cells. However, as yet, no efficient protocols have been developed for the isolation, culture or purification of primary ectopic epithelial and stromal cells from human adenomyosis lesions. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop an efficient protocol for the isolation and culture of primary ectopic epithelial and stromal cells from human adenomyosis lesions.
Methods
In the present study, we aimed to obtain ectopic endometrium tissue from human adenomyosis foci and use a simple and operable type I collagenase digestion method for primary culture. Cells were isolated by sterile cell strainer filtration and flow cytometry was performed to identify, purify and evaluate the viability of isolated ectopic endometrial cells.
Results
Using our method, we successfully isolated and cultured highly purified and active ectopic endometrial epithelial and stromal cells from human adenomyosis foci. Ep-CAM was expressed in ectopic epithelial cells of human adenomyosis with a purity of 93.74% and a viability of 80.58%. In addition, CD10 were robustly expressed by ectopic stromal cells in human adenomyosis. Cellular purity and viability were determined to be 96.37% and 93.49%, respectively.
Conclusion
Our method provides a new experimental model for studying the molecular pathogenesis of human adenomyosis.
Next Generation Optimization Network of Mining Driving Factors for Operating Project in Enterprise Management Platform
Authors: Cui Ranhong , Ma Hengguo
Published: August 2023

In order to ensure the normal advancement of enterprise operating projects, an artificial intelligence based method of mining driving factors for operating projects in enterprise management platform is proposed. In this method, project driving factors are selected from different project stages and dimensions to form a driving factors set of operating projects in the enterprise management platform. After using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to impute missing data in the driving factors set of operating project in the enterprise management platform, the imputed driving factors data is used as an improvement support vector machine input to output the mining results of driving factors for operating project in the enterprise management platform. The experimental results show that this method can effectively interpolate the data of project driving factors with trends, and also effectively output the driving factors at different stages of the project. The F1 value of the output results is high, and the mining of project driving factors for operating project in the enterprise management platform is more accurate.
Light Pipe Configurations Based on Daylight Simulations; Straight and Elbowed Pipe Models
Authors: Atalay Fatmanur , Kurtay Cüneyt
Published: August 2023

Light pipes are one of the most effective ways of transmitting daylight deeper into buildings, away from facades and windowless areas. To adapt in complex building structures, one or more elbows must be used to change the direction of light, however, an elbowed pipe is known to cause more light loss than a straight pipe of equal length. This paper presents a research study on different configurations for straight and elbowed light pipes via the accurate simulation tools, which is another light transmission efficiency method. Case study is defined in three main stages: identification of the optimum model by trying different elbow models; comparison of light pipes, which are generally used straight, and the elbow model attached to bottom interface of the pipe at an angle of 45°; comparison of double elbow light pipes with 45° and 90° elbow angles. Basic software series consist with 3D-based Rhinoceros, algorithmic graphical editor Grasshopper, simulate daylight Ladybug and Honeybee plugins. The analyzed parameters are maximum and average illumination level, Daylight Factor (DF) and Daylight Autonomy (DA). According to the illumination levels, DA and DF results, in overcast sky conditions, it is possible to provide approximately 50% of the required light level for the space with daylight using light pipe systems.
The effect of background information and motion speed on the performance of TTC estimation
Authors: Tong Yao , Zhou Tie-min
Published: August 2023

Background
Motion perception is an essential skill for individuals in everyday life, and estimating when a moving object will reach a given position is a very important ability. In previous studies, most research on motion perception have been conducted under background-free condition when the stimulus moved in a plane parallel to the observer. In real-life situations, people’s perception of the motion state of objects is usually done under different visual noise. Based on the occlusion paradigm, this study aimed to investigate whether different background information and motion speed affect the trend and accuracy of time-to-collision (TTC) estimation when stimuli move in a plane parallel to the observer.
Methods
35 college students(mean age = 20.94, SD = 2.95, range = 18-28years) participated in experiment 1, and used a 2 (background orientation: horizontal, vertical) × 3 (motion speed: slow, medium, fast) two-factor within-subjects experimental design to explore the effect of different line segment orientations and motion speed on TTC estimation performance; 36 college students(mean age = 20.81, SD = 2.82, range = 18-28years) participated in experiment 2, and used a 2 (background dimension: two-dimensional background, three-dimensional background) × 3 (motion speed: slow, medium, fast) two-factor within-subjects experimental design to explore the effect of different background dimensions and motion speed on the performance of TTC estimation. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0.
Results
The results revealed that: (1) The TTC was underestimated for the slow speed condition and overestimated for the medium and fast speed conditions. (2) The highest accuracy of TTC estimation was obtained for the fast condition. (3) The TTC were overestimated for the vertical background condition and underestimated for the horizontal background condition. (4) The TTC were more accurately estimated for the vertical line segment background in the slow condition and the horizontal line segment background in the medium speed condition. (5) Compared to the two-dimensional background, the TTC was overestimated in the three-dimensional background.
Conclusions
Object motion speed affected the TTC estimation performance, and different background information affected the TTC estimation performance when the object moved in a plane parallel to the observer. Meanwhile, the impact of background orientation and motion speed showed significant interactions.
Ambient mass spectrometry imaging of banana (Musa spp.) tissue with infrared laser-based selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Nizioł Joanna , Misiorek Maria , Ruman Tomasz
Published: August 2023

In this study, for the first time we present the application of an infrared (IR) laser ablation-remote-electrospray ionization (LARESI) platform coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) operated in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) or multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes for targeted metabolite imaging in intact plant tissues. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of specific metabolites in banana tissue sections from two commercially available banana varieties: Red Dacca and Cavendish banana (Musa acuminata from AAA banana cultivar group). To support MSI results, an extensive analysis of banana tissue extracts was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-UHRMS). In the Cavendish banana, 12 metabolites were successfully identified, while Red Dacca Bananas were found to contain 16 amino acids. The spatial distribution of some of these compounds found in bananas was presented for the first time. The results highlight the potential of the LARESI MSI technique as a highly sensitive and rapid method for targeted imaging of plant tissues. Importantly, this approach eliminates the need for high vacuum conditions and the pretreatment of biological materials, making it an efficient and promising tool for studying metabolites in plant tissues.
Vortex identification based on the Liutex method and its effect on fish passage upstream
Authors: Yang Ruiguo , Shen Chunying , shi Xiaotao , Wang Mingming , He Shihua
Published: August 2023

Fishway research is important for mitigating the fragmentation of river habitats caused by hydraulic projects. The vertical slit fishway is a broadly used fishway type because of its high efficiency and adaptability to water levels. However, the resulting vortex current disrupts the fish passage hence directly affecting fish migration. This study aims to accurately capture the vortex structure in the fishway and analyze the effect of vortex elements (vortex structure, vortex intensity, etc.) on fish. We conducted an analysis of the three-dimensional current flow field in the fishway through the utilization of an experimental model and the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method for dynamic stress. Moreover, we captured the vortex information in the fishway at different flow rates using the Liutex vortex identification method and investigated the effect of the vortex on fish migration. The results revealed that the structures inside the fishway pool occupy most of the room; however, the areas with higher vortex strength were primarily located in the vortex near the vertical seam and the mainstream; the vortex strength inside the fishway gradually increases with increasing flow, suppressing fish migration. Fish experienced significantly increased resistance when encountering strong vortexes. This suggests that the vortex may act as a physical barrier to fish migration. These findings highlight the potential negative effects of vortex on fish movement and reiterate the importance of understanding vortex dynamics for aquatic environmental management. As an effective tool for identifying vortexes in fluid flow, the Liutex method demonstrates features of vortex within the fishway, thereby providing important insights into the interaction between fluid dynamics and aquatic organisms.
A Deep Learning Clustering Beamforming Approach for Future 6G Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Inzillo Vincenzo , Garompolo David
Published: August 2023

The rapid advancement of wireless technologies and the increasing demand for seamless, high-speed connectivity has spurred the need for efficient routing protocols in 6G Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). This paper proposes a modern approach, the Deep Learning Clustering Beamforming Massive MIMO Routing Protocol (DLCB), that is designed to achieve high level throughput by exploiting beamforming advantages and for enhancing communication efficiency for future next generation 6G MANETs. The DLCB algorithm establishes robust and efficient routes for data transmission by adopting a clustering strategy based on deep learning allowing to select cluster heads by taking advantage of Graph Neural Networks (GNN) features and creating effective cluster paths. Furthermore, this approach integrates IEEE 802.11ay and Massive MIMO technologies to exploit their benefits in terms of high-speed data transmission, improved network capacity, and better signal quality. DLCB aims to facilitate seamless data transmission in dynamic network environments, paving the way for enhanced network performance in 6G MANETs. Experimental evaluations and simulations are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed approach through the use of Omnet++ Network Simulator.
WITHDRAWN: A Survey on the Performance Analysis of NOMA-Assisted Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks
Authors: Asha Sugumar , Janani Selvaraj
Published: August 2023

The wireless communication system has been facing a technological revolution due to the shift through various generations. To fulfil the 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) networks, we need to improve the spectral efficiency under certain limitations with enhanced security and reliability compared to the currently deployed systems. According to the massive transmission demand of wireless devices, we need to consider spectral efficiency, less energy consumption, and security for future wireless communication networks. Taking into account the aforementioned research gap, concerning the comparison of spectral efficiency and energy efficiency, this paper addresses the challenge that lies in enhancing resource allocation and identifying future research avenues for next-generation wireless communication networks. In this study, we investigate Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)-assisted Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSN), an adaptive intelligent radio that can automatically detect the channels in the wireless spectrum and change transmission parameters enabling more communication for better spectrum utilization without causing any interference to the licensed user. A Cognitive radio NOMA extensively improves network capacity by utilising the same frequency bandwidth distinguished by power allocation. This paper analyses the study of existing survey papers by comparing the performance metrics of NOMA with other techniques, the role of NOMA in 5G and B5G networks, NOMA’s network and its architecture and performance indicators.
Continuous mechanical compression-induced intervertebral disc degeneration and pain in the caudal spine in rats
Authors: Chen Fei , Chen Jiayu , Pu Junjie , Deng Yiling , Qi Junhui , Kong Fangyi , Li Na
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Low back pain is a common disease with increasing incidence and disability rates that places an economic burden on families and society. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the main causes, but the mechanism of degeneration and pain has not been fully elucidated. Nonphysiological loading is one of the main causes of IVDD. This project aimed to establish a rat model of IVDD and low back pain and to preliminarily study the mechanism of P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R)-mediated regulation of IVDD.
Methods
Fifty-six SPF male SD rats at 8 weeks of age were randomly divided into 4 groups: a 2-week control group, a 2-week experimental group, a 3-week control group, and a 3-week experimental group. The experimental groups were subjected to 8 N pressure for 2 and 3 weeks using the Ilizarov device, while the control groups were not subjected to pressure. MRI and HE and SO-FG staining were used to detect the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration in each group of rats after modeling. Von Frey filaments were used to detect the mechanical pain behavior of rats in each group before modeling (Pro) and on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, and 15th days after removal of the Ilizarov device. Immunofluorescence analysis and Western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of P2Y2R, YAP and TAZ in the nucleus pulposus tissue of humans or rats with different degrees of degeneration.
Results
Compared to the control group, the 2-week experimental group showed a significant increase in intervertebral disc degeneration, which was further exacerbated in the 3-week experimental group. The mechanical pain threshold of the control group was significantly reduced on D3 compared to that in the Pro group but recovered to normal on D9, 12, and 15. However, the postoperative pain threshold of the experimental group was significantly reduced and remained at a lower level for 2 weeks after surgery compared to that in the Pro group. P2Y2R fluorescence expression was significantly enhanced in the IVDD group compared to the control group, and P2Y2R, YAP, and TAZ were coexpressed in the nucleus pulposus of humans and rats. As the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration increased, the protein expression of P2Y2R significantly increased, while the protein expression of YAP first increased and then decreased. Additionally, the protein expression of TAZ increased with increasing degeneration within a certain range.
Conclusions
Prolonged mechanical compression of the caudal spine in rats leads to disc degeneration and associated pain. Initial findings suggested that P2Y2R and YAP/TAZ, which are downstream components of the Hippo signaling pathway, may play a role in the development of disc degeneration. These observations provide a foundation for future research in this area.
Comparative Analysis of Clinical and Molecular Characteristics in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Balar Shilpa , Joshi Esha , Rawal Rakesh , Saiyad Hiram , Haque Moquitul , Desai Urja
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Breast cancer is a complex and diverse disease with several molecular subgroups and clinical manifestations. In India, the prevalence of breast cancer is increasing. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most prevalent histologic form of breast cancer. It is necessary to investigate all aspects of breast cancer using various analytical approaches.
Methods
We have investigated breast tumors extensively with immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and whole-exome sequencing (WES). The study consisted of 160 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in which Whole Exome Sequencing was performed in ten samples of IDC.
Results
The findings demonstrated that HER2 amplification levels were considerably lower in patients with low protein expression (IHC score 0 or 1+) compared to those with high expression (IHC score 3+). Gene amplification was seen in 41.3% of patients with moderate protein expression (IHC score 2+). We have also found that there was a high level of concordance between HER2 FISH and HER2/neu gene amplification in Group 1 (34%), Group 2(1%), Group 3 (1%), Group 4 (6%) and Group 5(58%) with significant p-value (p ≤ 0.05). The WES results demonstrated that the triple-negative breast cancer sample showed several SNPs and indels in genes including TP53, BRCA1, and MYCN, whereas the HER2 positive (HER2 + 3) group had substantial SNPs in PAK1, CUL3, and TP53.
Conclusion
Our study sheds light on the clinical and molecular aspects of IDC of the breast. These findings could potentially have effects on the diagnosis of disease progression, intervention effectiveness, and survival. Integrating several molecular approaches provided a thorough understanding of breast cancer subtypes and could assist in treatment selection.
Shedding light on conservation strategies for the invasive species Potamopyrgus antipodarum under changing climate
Authors: Aksu Sadi , Mercan Deniz , Arslan Naime , Emiroğlu Özgür , Haubrock Phillip J. , Soto Ismael , Tarkan Ali Serhan
Published: August 2023

Climate change and invasive species are two major global environmental challenges affecting freshwater ecosystems. This study investigates the preferences and potential distribution of Potamopyrgus antipodarum, an invasive species, in relation to climate zones and habitat types. It highlights the importance of coastal wetlands and high soil organic carbon content in determining the species' habitat suitability. The findings indicate that P. antipodarum exhibits a preference for cool temperate and moist climatic zones, as well as temperate floodplain rivers, wetlands, and coastal rivers. Coastal wetlands, with their high soil organic carbon content, are particularly critical for the species. In terms of distribution, the species is projected to expand significantly in North America, with potential extensions into South America. The case of Türkiye reveals an alignment between its habitat and the natural distribution areas of P. antipodarum. Although Türkiye may experience habitat contraction, it still possesses a broader range of potential habitats compared to other regions. The Eastern Black Sea Basin in Türkiye emerges as a potential future distribution direction for the species, influenced by historical geological transformations and distinct climatic variations. Climate suitability plays a vital role in the invasiveness of P. antipodarum, with anticipated future climate regimes impacting its dispersal capabilities. The adaptability of the species within its habitat raises concerns about its ecological impacts and implications for biodiversity conservation. Effective measures are necessary to mitigate the adverse effects of P. antipodarum in the face of its expanding global distribution and invasive potential. This study provides valuable insights into the potential range expansion and dispersal patterns of P. antipodarum. It underscores the importance of considering climate change and hydro-environmental characteristics when predicting and managing the impacts of invasive species on freshwater ecosystems. Further research and conservation efforts are required to address the ecological consequences of P. antipodarum expansion and the challenges posed by invasive species in the context of climate change.
KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (Alum) Reusable An Efficacious Heterogeneous Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of Some New spiro[imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7,3'-indole]-2',5(1'H,6H)-dione Derivatives
Authors: Khatibshad Lilah , Azizian Javad , Mohammadi Ali Asghar
Published: August 2023

A one-pot four-component condensation reaction of isatins, meldrum's acid, diamine, and nitro ketene dithioacetal in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (alum), which is relatively nontoxic, reusable very soluble in water, and inexpensive to yield a some new spiro[imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7,3'-indole]-2',5(1'H,6H)-dione derivatives is described.
Loss of HDAC5 Accelerates Joint Destruction and Aging During Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lu Yanqing , Zhang Pei-Pei , Wang Chuandong , Shan Shengzhou , Li Yang , Ni Bin-Bin , Wang Cheng-Long
Published: August 2023

Objectives. Osteoarthritis (OA) lacks effective treatment strategies due to complex pathological mechanisms. In this study, we explored the regulatory role of histone deacetylases 5 (HDAC5) in OA pathogenesis.
Methods. The expression of HDAC5 was detected in the cartilage of humans and mice. Spontaneous OA and experimental OA were performed in wild-type (WT) mice and HDAC5 knockout (KO, HDAC5−/−) mice for pathological and immunohistochemical examination. WT and KO mouse chondrocytes were detected by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Metformin (205 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks) was given to identify the modulatory role of HDAC5 in OA pathogenesis.
Results. The expression of HDAC5 was significantly decreased in the cartilage of patients with late-stage OA and of mice subjected to destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. HDAC5 KO accelerated articular cartilage degeneration and chondrosenescence, with increasing expression of matrix metalloproteinases, type X collagen (COL10A1), and p16ink4a. Moreover, S100 calcium-binding protein A13 (S100A13) was found, and the expression level of S100A13 was upregulated accompanied by decreasing of HDAC5 in OA chondrocytes. In addition, metformin activated HDAC5 and inhibited the S100A13 in OA chondrocytes to abolish OA.
Conclusions. Our findings provide comprehensive evidence of the role and therapeutic potential of HDAC5 in OA.
Involvement of Level III axillary lymph nodes in node-positive breast cancer: a retrospective single-institution study
Authors: Murthy Giridhar Chidananda , Babu Preethitha
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Axillary dissection provides prognostic information and regional control and possibly improves overall survival. The usefulness of level III lymph node dissection is less well studied. The study aims to identify the rate of level III nodal positivity and factors that can predict its involvement.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of 190 breast cancer patients (cT1-3, N0-1, M0) who underwent surgery(Modified radical mastectomy or Breast conservation surgery) between May 2017 and December 2020 at a tertiary care centre was done. Clinical and pathological details were obtained from the electronic medical record.
Results: The rate of level III nodal positivity in patients with pathologically positive level I/II lymph nodes was 23.15% (n=22). Skip metastasis in level III without involvement in levels I and II was 0.52%(n=1). There was a significant correlation between involvement of level I/II lymph nodes(p=<0.001), lymphovascular invasion(p=0.001), pathological tumour size(p=0.015), extranodal extension in level 1/2 lymph nodes (p<0.00001) and level III lymph node metastases.
Conclusion: Level III lymph node dissection should be performed in all patients with metastases in level I/II axillary lymph nodes.