bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expanding the coverage of Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) aerosol retrievals over shallow, turbid, and eutrophic waters
Authors: Nelson Robert R. , Witek Marcin L. , Garay Michael J. , Bull Michael A. , Limbacher James A. , Kahn Ralph A. , Diner David J.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Shallow and coastal waters are often rich in nutrients (eutrophic), biologically productive, turbid from runoff, and located where the atmosphere above can be more aerosol-laden than over open-ocean waters due to proximity to aerosol sources on land. Although the NASA Earth Observing System's Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) on board the Terra satellite has been monitoring global aerosols for over 23 years, the current operational retrieval algorithm (V23) is not applied over waters less than 50 m in depth or within 5 km of land, designated as “shallow water.” This is due to the simplicity of the Dark Water algorithm, applied operationally over deep waters, which assumes the surface is essentially black in the primarily used red and near-infrared spectral bands. In this work, we describe the implementation and validation of a “Shallow Water” aerosol retrieval algorithm for MISR, which takes advantage of all four available spectral bands and includes a Lambertian surface reflectivity term to account for water-leaving radiance. This algorithm compares well to independent, surface-based observations and demonstrates better performance over shallow waters than the operational Dark Water retrieval algorithm. Globally, aerosol retrievals over shallow waters increase the total number of MISR over-water measurements by more than 7 %, including new retrievals made over some of the most biologically productive parts of the ocean.
Numerical investigation on retrieval errors of mixing states of fractal black carbon aerosols using single-particle soot photometer based on Mie scattering and the effects on radiative forcing estimation
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Guangya , Zhu Cancan , Zhou Donghui , Wang Lin
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The mixing state of black carbon (BC) aerosols, which is the diameter ratio of coated particle to BC core (Dp/Dc), can be retrieved by the single-particle soot photometer (SP2). However, the retrieved Dp/Dc contains errors, because the core–shell model and Mie scattering calculation are normally employed in the retrieval principle of SP2 and the spherical core–shell structure seriously deviated from the real morphology of coated BC. In this study, fractal models are constructed to represent thinly and thickly coated BC particles for optical simulations, the differential scattering cross-sections are selected as references to conduct optical retrieval of particle diameter (Dp) based on Mie theory, just like the retrieval principle of SP2, and the volume equivalent diameter of BC core (Dc) is the same for fractal and spherical models. Then, the retrieval errors of the mixing state (Dp/Dc) of BC are investigated from numerical aspects, and the estimation accuracy of BC radiative forcing is analyzed through the simple forcing efficiency (SFE) equation with SP2 retrieval results taken into consideration. Results show that SP2 retrieved Dp/Dc based on Mie theory underestimates the realistic Dp/Dc of coated BC at most particle sizes. The retrieval errors of Dp/Dc of thinly coated BC for both single particles and particle groups are larger than those of thickly coated BC. In addition, evaluation errors of radiative forcing of coated BC caused by retrieval errors of SP2 are up to about 55 % and 95 % at 1064 and 532 nm, respectively. This study provides meaningful referential understandings of the retrieved Dp/Dc of SP2 based on Mie scattering.
Forecasting estuarine salt intrusion in the Rhine–Meuse delta using an LSTM model
Authors: Wullems Bas J. M. , Brauer Claudia C. , Baart Fedor , Weerts Albrecht H.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Estuarine salt intrusion causes problems with freshwater availability in many deltas. Water managers require timely and accurate forecasts to be able to mitigate and adapt to salt intrusion. Data-driven models derived with machine learning are ideally suited for this, as they can mimic complex non-linear systems and are computationally efficient. We set up a long short-term memory (LSTM) model to forecast salt intrusion in the Rhine–Meuse delta, the Netherlands. Inputs for this model are chloride concentrations, water levels, discharges and wind speed, measured at nine locations. It forecasts daily minimum, mean and maximum chloride concentrations up to 7 d ahead at Krimpen aan den IJssel, an important location for freshwater provision. The model forecasts baseline concentrations and peak timing well but peak height is underestimated, a problem that becomes worse with increasing lead time. Between lead times of 1 and 7 d, forecast precision declines from 0.9 to 0.7 and forecast recall declines from 0.7 to 0.5 on average. Given these results, we aim to extend the model to other locations in the delta. We expect that a similar setup can work in other deltas, especially those with a similar or simpler channel network.
Mandibular Asymmetry in Orthodontic Patients with Different Malocclusion Patterns an Orthopantomographic Evaluation
Authors: Majeed Omair , Qadeer Tabassum Ahsan , Habib Maria , Ashraf Ayesha
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To investigate the variation in mandibular asymmetry on right and left sides for different malocclusions. Study design and setting: It was a cross sectional study carried out in Orthodontic Department at Bahria University Dental College. OPG’s of 171 orthodontic patients were collected. The sample was divided into class I, II and III malocclusions. Methodology: The OPG was traced for condylar and ramal heights for both right and left sides. From these readings, the asymmetry index (AI) was calculated for each side. The significance of height variations between the right and left sides, for each malocclusion was calculated using independent sample t-test. Pearson correlation was used to find the association of asymmetry between the two sides when comparing each malocclusion with the other. One-way ANOVA was used to find the significance of differences in asymmetry index of both sides between different malocclusions. Results: The ramal heights were significantly different for each malocclusion with p values of 0.00 and 0.02 for right and left side, the p value of the variations in condylar heights was however 0.66 and 0.12 for the two sides. There was a strong positive correlation of the condylar and ramal height on both sides between all three malocclusions. The p value for condylar AI was 0.97 and 0.15 for ramal AI. Conclusion: The ramus height showed a significant variation in asymmetry while the asymmetry index variations were insignificant between different malocclusion groups.
Association of Myeloma in Patients of Chronic Kidney Disease; A Single Centered Study
Authors: Sheikh Farzana Adnan , Ali Syed Tajammul , Rashid Sidra , Qamar Mehwish , Abid Khadijah
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate the frequency along with socio-demographic factors and clinical features of myeloma in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presenting at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Study design and setting: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Nephrology and Hematology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from Jan 2022 to Jul 2022. Methodology: Patients of age>18 years of either gender having chronic kidney disease were included in the study. Detailed data regarding socio-demographic factors, clinical features and presence of multiple myeloma was obtained. Myeloma was diagnosed in the patients using WHO criteria i.e. presence of M-protein in urine or serum, presence of clonal plasma cells in bone marrow, and related tissue or organ failure. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The median age of the patients with chronic kidney disease was 54 years and most of them were males (63%). Myeloma was detected in only 14 patients with CKD. The proportion of myeloma was similar across chronic kidney disease stages, and statistically there was no significant association between chronic kidney disease stages and myeloma with pvalue=0.08. There were no differences in hemoglobin, serum calcium, serum albumin, serum total protein, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, ESR, comorbid in patients with and without myeloma (p>0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of myeloma among patients with chronic kidney disease was low.
Comparison of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine and Tramadol for Management of Post-Spinal Anesthesia Shivering in Obstetric Cases
Authors:   National University of Medical Sciences, Talat Shais , Islam Saqib , Bhatti Abdul Hameed , Mehmood Khalid , Talat Adam , Imtiaz Najaf
Published: October 2023

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and tramadol in controlling postspinal anesthesia shivering in female patients after cesarean section. Study Design and Setting: Quasi-experimental Study. Anesthesia Department of Combined Military Hospital, Thal from October 2022-March 2023. Methodology: This study was conducted in ASA I and II patients aged 18-45. Sixty patients were enrolled for the study, who were divided into two group, group D received Inj dexmedetomidine (0.5mcg/kg) while group T received Inj Tramadol (0.5mg/kg). Time from injection of drug to cessation of shivering was recorded. End point of study was 30 mins after entry of patient in Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Results: The study found that both drugs were effective in preventing shivering, but dexmedetomidine had a faster onset of action and a longer duration of action than tramadol. Mean time of cessation of shivering in both groups was calculated. In group D mean time of cessation was 2.9 ±0.9 while in group T it was 3.75 ±0.9. P-value was found to be highly significant 0.001. Conclusion: The study concludes that dexmedetomidine is a more effective and safer alternative to tramadol for management of shivering in patients undergoing lower segment cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
How the COVID-19 pandemic affected the severity and clinical presentation of diverticulitis
Authors: Soliman Sara S. , Rolandelli Rolando H. , Chang Grace C. , Nemecz Amanda K. , Nemeth Zoltan H.
Published: October 2023

Background/Aims: Single-institution studies showed that patients presented with more severe diverticulitis and underwent more emergency operations during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, we studied this trend using nationwide data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.Methods: Patients (n = 23,383) who underwent a colectomy for diverticulitis in 2018 (control year) and 2020 (pandemic year) were selected. We compared these groups for differences in disease severity, comorbidities, perioperative factors, and complications.Results: During the pandemic, colonic operations for diverticulitis decreased by 13.14%, but the rates of emergency operations (17.31% vs. 20.04%, P< 0.001) and cases with a known abscess/perforation (50.11% vs. 54.55%, P< 0.001) increased. Likewise, the prevalence of comorbidities, such as congestive heart failure, acute renal failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and septic shock, were higher during the pandemic (P< 0.05). During this same period, significantly more patients were classified under American Society of Anesthesiologists classes 3, 4, and 5, suggesting their preoperative health states were more severe and life-threatening. Correspondingly, the average operation time was longer (P< 0.001) and complications, such as organ space surgical site infection, wound disruption, pneumonia, acute renal failure, septic shock, and myocardial infarction, increased (P< 0.05) during the pandemic.Conclusions: During the pandemic, surgical volume decreased, but the clinical presentation of diverticulitis became more severe. Due to resource reallocation and possibly patient fear of seeking medical attention, diverticulitis was likely underdiagnosed, and cases that would have been elective became emergent. This underscores the importance of monitoring patients at risk for diverticulitis and intervening when criteria for surgery are met.
Patient Related Factors Influencing Timely Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
Authors: B.K Linda, , L.K Gitonga, , E.S Mukhwana
Published: October 2023

Globally, the control of Tuberculosis (TB) has remained a public health challenge despite numerous prevention and treatment programs. Kenya is ranked among countries with a high TB burden globally and has the highest incidences of all types of tuberculosis compared to other East African Countries. The high prevalence of TB in Kenya been attributed to delays in the diagnosis of TB. The consequence of the delays has been the increased spread of the disease, disease advancement, poor treatment outcomes, and high cost of patient treatment and care the affected populations. The aim of this study was to assess patient related factors influencing timely diagnosis of TB in Tharaka Nithi County. Tharaka Nithi County is among the counties with the highest prevalence of TB in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey study design. A sample of 154 patients randomly selected from three hospitals in Tharaka Nithi County was used. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Associations between patient related factors and duration of TB before diagnosis was tested using Chi-square. The study findings revealed that most (70.86%) of TB patients had delayed diagnosis. Persistent cough was the major sign that led patients to seek for care, while believe that signs and symptoms would disappear was major reason for delay in seeking treatment and care. Sex, age, marital status, employment, self-medication, stigma, work and smoking history were the patients related factors significantly associated with timely diagnosis of TB (P<0.05). The study recommends promotion of care seeking behavior through raising public awareness on tuberculosis, enhancing active case findings, strengthening community-hospital referral systems, boosting health system partnerships for early detection of TB.

Key words: Timely diagnosis, Patient Related, Tuberculosis, Delay.
Pattern of Lipid Profile and Fasting Blood Glucose Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Patients on First Line Drugs Over 24 Months Period in Metabolic Syndrome Study in Sokoto Nigeria
Authors: Aminu Bello , O. Peter Anaja , Yusuf Rasheed
Published: October 2023

Background: The introductions of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the live expectancy of patients with HIV/AIDS, but is associated with increase cardiovascular related morbidity among the recipient of the drugs.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipaedemias and the factors associated with lipid profile derangement among HIV positive patients on first line drugs.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted between July 2019 and June 2021. Eighty-six (86) HIV seropositive HAART naïve subject were recruited for the study at institute of human virology centres (IHVN) of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto. Lipid profile and fasting blood glucose were estimated after overnight fast and National cholesterol Education program adult treatment panel was used to determine dyslipaedemias and cut off for fasting blood glucose level. Baseline sample were taking before commencing the participants on first line ART regiment and flow up for twenty-four months (24 months). Repeated sample collection was done at six months intervals. The data were collected using interviewer administer questionnaire and analyses using SPSS IBM Statistical package version 23v.
Results: Of the eighty-six-participant recruited for the study, 47(54.7%) were female and 39(45.3%) are male. The baseline data was collected before placing the patients on first line antiretroviral drugs containing Lamivudine Tenofovir and Dolutegravil combination for all the patient. The mean age was 34.98 years, mean body mass index 19.22kg/M2 and mean WHR was 0.84. Mean SBP and DBP was 110.6mmHg and 75.3mmHg respectively. The prevalence of hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia’s, LDL-C hypercholesterolaemia and decrease HDL-C at baseline were 5.9%, 0%, 52.3%, 1.2%, and 55.9% respectively. Nonetheless the prevalence of dyslipidaemias and hyperglycaemia was statistically increase after commencing ART over the period of 24 months.
Conclusion: In this study of newly diagnosed HIV positive patients’ lipids were irregularly elevated at baseline through 24 months, HDL-C is the most derange lipid component seen among HIV positive patients HAART naïve and HAART exposed patients.

Key words: Pattern, Lipid profile, Blood glucose, metabolic syndrome, Study.
Attitude of Physiotherapy Students towards Responses to Questionnaires
Authors: Parekh Amiraj , Sheth Megha , Sheth Shivani
Published: October 2023

elf-administered questionnaires are a good way of conducting research and gathering information. With the advent of technology, the questionnaire can be more easily circulated and a lot more data can be collected with online surveys. However, a common limitation of the responses is that they may be incomplete, biased or not valid and meaningful. The present study was conducted to find the attitude of physiotherapy students when they fill out online research questionnaires.
An observational study was conducted at SBB College of Physiotherapy. An online questionnaire was generated and validated by experts. It was sent to post-graduate students, interns, and final-year undergraduate students of various physiotherapy colleges to find the attitude toward responses to questionnaires using convenience and snowball sampling.
96.6% of participants had responded to a questionnaire before this study. 65.9% of participants had knowledge about the topic on which they were answering questions. 9.1% were not sure if they understood the questions prior to responding to a survey and 4.5% had not completely understood the questions which they had answered. 88.6% of the participants agreed that they completely read the questions before answering. 38.6% of participants search the internet or have searched on the internet prior to answering questionnaires.
The study brings out the need to establish methods to improve the quality of responses obtained via an online questionnaire.

Key words: Online questionnaires, data cleaning, careless responses
Characteristic Presentation of Dengue and Salmonella Typhi Infections in Suburban Remote and Endemic Zones Surrounding Higher Medical Centre - An Outline of Prognostication
Authors: S Afshan. , Adil. A Mohamed , Sudhakar K.
Published: October 2023

Background: In our study, we observed a high prevalence of infectious fevers, specifically dengue and typhoid fevers. The study was conducted in rural patients, as the specialty institute is located near the catchment area. Dengue virus is primarily transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, resulting in thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic shock. Salmonella, on the other hand, causes enteric infections along with high-grade fever and various complications. It is important to note that morbidity and mortality rates are significantly elevated in these aforementioned conditions.
Aims & Objectives: Obtaining conclusive clinical laboratory diagnoses for Salmonella and Dengue infections is crucial in high-prevalence areas to improve treatment outcomes and reduce overall incidence.

Creating strategies to identify and prevent Salmonella and Dengue, highly contagious bacterial pathogens and mosquito-borne viral disease.
We aim to effectively address chronicity and morbidity by using a comprehensive diagnostic, treatment, and management approach.
Materials & Methods:

Study Area: Madha Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Kancheepuram.
Type of Study: Retrospective data observational analysis
Study Period: March 2018 to March 2019
Result: Our study provides valuable insights on fevers. Males represent 64.3% of the population, while females make up 35.7%. In terms of age groups, 0–14-year-olds make up 61.9%, 15–29-year-olds are 16.7%, 30–44-year-olds are 9.5%-, and 45–59-year-olds are 11.9%. Dengue fever is observed in 76.2% of cases, while Typhoid is observed in 23.8%. All cases involve fever and various accompanying symptoms, each with different percentages. Dengue investigations are done in 76.2% of patients, while S typhi is present in 23.8%. Patient management includes 20% receiving day care and 80% requiring admissions.
Discussion: Clinical and lab investigations are used to evaluate the disease's clinical status. Dengue treatment includes symptom management, supportive care, and intensive care as needed. Precautions are taken to prevent multi-organ failure. Enteric fever is treated with targeted antibiotics to control transmission.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment, along with prompt implementation of measures to limit spread, offer multiple advantages, as stated in this study.

Key words: Dengue, Salmonella Typhi Infections. Suburban Remote, Endemic Zones.
Cloud technologies for the development of digital communication competence
Authors: Popovici Ilona
Published: October 2023

The article presents the cloud technologies, especially open-source, necessary and important for the training and development of digital communication skills in pupils and students. The ways in which these technologies can be exploited for the effective development of the mentioned competence are explained. The formulated recommendations are addressed to both educational institutions and teaching staff and the main beneficiaries: pupils and students. One of the main results is the correspondence diagram between the descriptors of digital communication competence (interaction and communication, content sharing, involvement in social life, collaboration, netiquette, digital identity management, communication and collaboration security) and cloud technologies (e-mail, video conferencing, educational platforms, forums, online interactive whiteboards, express assessment applications, speech development platforms, blogs, websites, concept maps, document editing applications) that support the development of these descriptors.
Next Generation Gravity Mission (NGGM) Mission Requirements Document
Authors:   ESA, Daras Ilias , March Gûnther , Mass Chnge Mission Expert Group Joint , Wiese D. , Blackwood C. , Forman F. , Loomis B. , Luthcke S. , Peralta-Ferriz C. , Sauber-Rosenberg J. , Eicker A. , Panet I. , Visser P. , Meyssignac B. , Wouters B. , Bamber J. , Pail R. , Flechtner F.
Published: October 2023

The Next Generation Gravity Mission (NGGM) is a Mission of Opportunity as part of ESA’s FutureEO programme. NGGM will extend and improve time series of satellite gravity missions by providing enhanced spatial and temporal resolution time-varying gravity field measurements with improved performance and and latency. The mission addresses international user needs as expressed by IUGG and GCOS and demonstrates operational capabilities relevant for Copernicus. The NGGM Mission Requirement Document (MRD) defines unambiguous requirements for NGGM, traceable to the joint ESA/NASA MAss Change and Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC) MRD (c.f. MAGIC MRD), and provides recommendations for MAGIC. MAGIC will combine the NASA/DLR GRACE-C (former Mass Change) mission as a first pair of satellites in a near-polar orbit, complemented by the ESA NGGM mission as a second pair of satellites in an inclined controlled orbit (Bender constellation), to deliver significantly improved time-space sampling and constellation performance to demonstrate the benefits of operational gravimetry. The NGGM MRD v1.0 was issued in September 2023 at the end of NGGM Phase A. Further revisions are expected in the upcoming phases of development. Citation Daras, I. (Ed), 2023, Next Generation Gravity Mission (NGGM) Mission Requirements Document, Issue 1.0, Earth and Mission Science Division, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA.NGGM-MRD.2023-09-v1.0
Antifungal activity of Terminalia chebula extract against wilt fungi Fusariumoxysporum an important plant pathogen
Authors: A Padmalatha , S.B Prabha
Published: October 2023

Terminalia chebula, a deciduous plant, endogenous to India has medicinal value. Its fruits are known for its cure to many ailments in human beings. This study is to test the Biological activity of these compounds tested against plant pathogenic fungai Fusarium oxysporum which cause wilt in economically important crops. Wilt is a devastating disease whichdestroys the infected plant and cause economic loss to farmers. Panama disease in bananas is a type of wilt disease which is very prevalent in India. This fungai has broad host range from tomato, cotton etc. Outbreak reported in many parts of India. Standard culture of Fusarium oxysporum ITCC -6246, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri ITCC 3636 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici MTCC 10270 were used to detect the potential chemical compound in dried fruitby macro-dilution.Each organic solvent (Water, Ethanol, Chloroform, Benzene) has different extraction capacity based on the polarity of chemical compound in plants. These chemical compounds extensively studied for their antioxidant property and preliminary screening of chemical compound constituents in all extract. Mycelium growth inhibition tested on solid medium and inhibition measured in mm diameter. Spores of Fusarium sp. present in soil for many months in dormant form. Under suitable climatic conditions this will germinate and cause infection in plants. Rate of spore germination inhibition in liquid medium measured and calculated for every solvent extract. Rate of inhibition was calculated and analysed statistically by t test. The efficient solvent extract determined for bulk extraction of biologically active compound from seeds.
Novel Chewable Gum Sticks for The Treatment of Oral Candidiasis
Authors: Agnihotri Jaya , Yadav Poonam , Maurya Anjali , Vishwakarma Akash
Published: October 2023

Beeswax is used in medicine from ancient times treatment od oral candidacies is possible by formulation of chewable gum sticks consisting natural hydrophobic wax with anti-fungal drug clotrimazole. Gum sticks are smooth and compatible in oral cavity. Develop safe stable and instant release dosage form offers opportunity for treating immune compromised patients and maintaining their good oral health.
Synthesis and Optimization of Nanoparticle Chitosan-Tripolyphospate Centella asiatica using Ionic Gelation Method with Difference Sonification Time
Authors: Muchtaromah Bayyinatul , Budi Minarno Eko , Annisa Rahmi , Muhammad Ansori Arif Nur , Nuril Fajriyah Ely , Dewi Fitriasari Prilya , Suhargo Listiani , Mishima Kenji
Published: October 2023

Nanoparticles from natural polymer materials chitosan are widely applied in drug delivery systems because of their unique properties, such as biocompatible, biodegradable, mucoadhesive, and increased permeation. This study aimed to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles Centella asiatica. The method used is ionic gelation using the crosslinker polyanion tripolyphosphate (TPP) with a difference in sonification time: 90, 120, 150 minutes. The difference in sonification to obtain the preparation conditions that can produce particles under 200nm with a good level of dispersion and stability, a study on the effect of sonification time on chitosan nanoparticles physical characteristics is performed. The PSA analysis result showed that the average particle size of C.asiatica extracts at 90, 120, 150 minutes sonication was 286.2nm, 269.2nm, 299.1nm. The results of the examination using FTIR showed that the C. asiatica extract had N-H and P = O groups, which meant that the ammonium ion had interaction of chitosan with the polyanion of TPP and C. asiatica extract. N-H absorption of pure chitosan shifted from 1597.06cm-1 to 1640.56cm-1, indicating a crosslinking between ammonium ions in chitosan and phosphate ions from TPP and C. asiatica extract. The formulation of using XRD showed that the amorf form of nanoparticle C. asiatica extracts is supported by particle morphology imaged using SEM. Based on the results obtained, the synthesis of nanoparticles C. asiatica extract in this study has been successful.
New Synthetic Methods of Ureido-Substituted Benzenesulfonamides as Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitors
Authors: Hasbi Ghazal Mohammad , Ben Hadda Djamila , Trefi Saleh , Balash Amir , Fawaz Chehna Mustapha
Published: October 2023

Human Carbonic anhydrase IX is often found to be over-expressed in solid tumors, and plays a role in helping cancer cells adapt and grow under Hypoxic conditions, by exacerbating the extracellular acidification which enables cancer cells to develop resistance against chemotherapy. Many molecules were studied as CAIX inhibitors. Ureido-Substituted benzenesulfonamides (UBSs) are promising CA IX inhibitors to be used in cancer treatments. (SLC-0111) is one of the (UBSs) that has shown tolerability and safety in patients previously Treated for tumors. The most common preparation method of these derivatives in the pharmaceutical industry is based on using toxic phosgene. (2-b), (SLC-0111), and (2-d) were synthesized by three phosgene-free methods of preparation in yields ranging between 30, 50, and 80% according to the used solvent.when acidic water is used as the solvent, impurities are formed as a result of a secondary reaction ,while, butanol is much suitable for synthesizing the desired compounds selectively.
Preparation, statistical optimization, in-vitro evaluation and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles of an anti-retroviral drug Nevirapine
Authors: Shinde R. B. , Hosmani A. H. , Shende M. A. , Jarag R. J. , Thorat Y. S.
Published: October 2023

Nevirapine-loaded solid lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) were manufactured using lipid and emulsifying agent by hot homogenization method. The goal of research was to formulating a SLN system to target the HIV reservoir which is mostly found in the lymphatic system and to conquer the obstacle of drug itself. Also, nearly 50% of antiviral drugs fall within BCS class 2, which have low solubility. 44% antiviral drugs belongs to BCS class 3 have inadequate permeability and 6% belongs to class 4 with inadequate solubility and inadequate permeability. Depending on the NVP solubility and stable formulation, stearic acid as a lipid and poloxamer 188 and tween 80 as an emulsifying agent were chosen and SLNs were manufactured with the help of hot homogenization method. Optimization of independent variables such as lipid concentration, emulsifying agent concentration and no. homogenization cycle was carried. The effect of independent variables on the dependent variables i.e. particle size and entrapment efficiency was studied. Optimized formulation which was lyophilized (L-SLN) and this L-SLN additionally characterized using DSC, SEM and XRD analysis. Also, in-vitro drug release of optimized batch studied in 0.04 M Sodium phosphate buffer pH 6.8 containing 2% SLS, demonstrated 41.83% release at the end of 24th hr. Absence of low intensity in XRD indicated the presence of amorphous SLNs. SEM showed the morphology of SLNs. No prominent changes observed in the accelerated stability studies.
In Situ Gelling Gastro-retentive Raft Containing Ficus racemosa Fruit Extract: A Promising Approach to Treat GERD
Authors: Shripad Thorat Yogesh , Pralhad Bagewadikar Prachet , Mali Ganesh , Bhaskar Nawale Rajesh , Hanmant Hosmani Avinash
Published: October 2023

Gastro-retentive drug delivery system has been widely used to prolong retention of dosage forms in stomach. Amongst various formulations and approaches, the raft formulations sustain the drug release as well as prolonged gastric retention, along with the added advantage of liquid dosage forms. The present study was an attempt to formulate and evaluate Raft forming floating gel for the extract of Ficus racemosa unripe fruit also known as Udumbar or Audumbar which is recognized for the treatment of ulcerative diseases in Ayurveda. To prepare the raft formulation natural polymers such as Gellan Gum, Xanthan Gum and Guar Gum were used along with gas forming ingredients. The formulations were prepared using 32 factorial design. The raft formulations are expected to prolong the retention of the medicinally active extract in stomach for longer duration of action. The evaluation was carried out for floating behavior, gel strength, viscosity, and in vitro dissolution for the gastro-retentive gels. The formulations were found to have floating duration upto 05 hr with a sustained release of active medicament.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Amide Codrug of Ibuprofen and Amlodipine for Dual Inhibition of Inflammation and Hypertension
Authors: Nayak Anjali , Das Paramita , Kumar Das Amit
Published: October 2023

The codrugs approach showed as an effective strategy for targeting diseases synergistically, hence improving the quality of life of patients. The main goal is to address comorbid conditions of hypertension and osteoarthritic pain and inflammation in geriatric patients, eliminate the adverse gastrointestinal adverse effects of the drug, reducing dose with significant reduction of polypharmacy and improve patient compliance. The present study aimed to synthesize amide linked codrugs of Ibuprofen (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and Amlodipine (Calcium channel Blocker), its biopharmaceutical study and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive activity. Codrug conjugates were synthesized by a one-pot amidation reaction of Amlodipine with Ibuprofen using DCC as coupling agent and DMAP as catalyst. The obtained compound Ibuprofen-Amlodipine amide linked codrug (IBAM) was characterized by determination of melting point, TLC, DSC, FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The solubility, partition coefficient, plasma protein binding and in vitro hydrolysis study in SGF and SIF were studied to determine biopharmaceutical properties.The anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive activity of synthesized compounds were tested in a carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model and Fructose induced diabetic hypertensive model and it was discovered that the codrugs underwent significant hydrolysis in SIF (pH 7.4) and IBAM showed effective reduction in hypertension, inflammation in comparison to parent drug. Finally, it is concluded that the codrug approach could be successfully used in drug design and development for overcoming undesirable difficulties without losing the desired activities of the parent drugs.
HPTLC Method Development of Herbal drugs and its Validation: An Overview
Authors: Vyas Amber , Jain Vishal , Sahu Umakant , Kumar Narendra , Joshi Neelu
Published: October 2023

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) is the most potent and sophisticated type of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). It uses chromatographic layers with the highest levels of separation, efficiency and employs high-tech equipment for every step of the process, including accurate sample application, standardised reproducible chromatogram development, and software-controlled evaluation. HPTLC is a concept that incorporates both the use of established methodologies for qualitative and quantitative analysis and a widely standardised methodology founded on scientific facts. The resolution can be increased and more exact quantitative measurements, which satisfies all quality standards for today's analytical needs. Development of an analytical technique based on HPTLC and parameter validation in line with practical assessment. It complies with standards while reducing mistakes and inquiries. Quality Control and Quality Assurance of raw materials of Plant Origin can easily and effectively be done qualitative characterization and quantitative determination of mixtures of substances, Chemical Fingerprinting by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. This review article provides fundamental principles, guidance for proper validation practise, aids in selecting the best mobile phase, and clarifies the processes of the analytical process., protocol, separation, resolution, validation process, current advancements, changes made to TLC that led to HPTLC, optimization, process control, automation, and hyphenation.
Imaging perfusion using hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI and [15O]-water PET: Current status and future clinical applications
Authors:   The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7. Canada, Ouriadov Alexei V
Published: October 2023

Inhaled hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique for assessing lung structure and function. Not only within lung, 129Xe MRI has proven to be effective for functional and structural imaging of the brain and other organs.
Electrohydrodynamic interactions of droplets
Authors: Vlahovska Petia M.
Published: October 2023

The interaction of fluids and electric fields is at the heart of natural phenomena such as disintegration of raindrops in thunderstorms and many applications such as ink-jet printing, microfluidics, crude oil demulsification, and electrosprays. Many of these processes involve droplets and there has been a long-standing interest in understanding drop electrohydrodynamics. While an isolated drop in applied electric fields has been extensively studied, the behavior of many drops is largely unexplored. Even the pair-wise drop interactions have received scant attention and existing models are limited to axisymmetric and two-dimensional geometries. In three dimensions, the electrohydrodynamic interactions can be quite complex and non-trivial. For example, in an applied uniform electric field, instead of chaining along the field direction, drops can initially attract in the direction of the field and move towards each other, but then separate in the transverse direction [1]. Using a combination of numerical simulations based on a boundary integral formulation and an analytical theory assuming small drop deformations, we study the dynamics of a drop pair in an applied uniform electric field at arbitrary orientation of their line-of-centers relative to the applied field direction. For identical drops covered with insoluble surfactant [2], we find that the surfactant weakens the electrohydrodynamic flow and thus dielectrophoretic interactions play more prominent role in the dynamics of surfactant-covered drops compared to clean drops. If drop conductivity is the same as the suspending fluid, a nondiffusing surfactant can arrest the drops' relative motion thereby effectively preventing coalescence. Drop dissimilarity can also have profound effect on the pair dynamics: we find that in some cases droplets can form a stable pair (tandem) that “swims” either parallel or perpendicular to the applied field direction [3]. If time permits, I will discuss particle-particle and particle-wall interactions driven by electrohydrodynamic flows due to the Onsager effect.
Improving Job Performance through Budget Participation: Case of Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Abdirahman Abdulle Mohamed , Abdi Kulmie Dayah , Sheikh Hussein Mukhtar
Published: October 2023

This study examined the role of budget participation on job performance of higher educational institutions, in Somalia. The research design used for this study was correlational, with data were collected through a questionnaire from 80 respondents from five universities, located in Mogadishu, Somalia. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, revealing that budget participation play a significant role in improving job performance. In conclusion, it is evident that employee budget participation can serve as a crucial catalyst for promoting employee and institutional performances within educational institutions. Moreover, the article proposes that institutions may be able to avoid employee dissatisfaction, low performance and poor management performance by putting in place an effective budget setting procedure. In addition, the article makes the case that senior management should employ participatory budgeting to foster a sound environment that promotes shared accountability, openness, and responsibility, which eventually strengthening the institutionalization and sustainability of these organizations.
A Bridge Between Technology and Creativity: Story Writing with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: KARADOĞAN Ahmet
Published: October 2023

In today's technological environment, it can be said that artificial intelligence (AI) has entered almost every aspect of our lives. It is possible to feel the presence of artificial intelligence from health services to finance, from entertainment to education. One of the most controversial and interesting areas of artificial intelligence is the world of literature. So, how can a machine devoid of emotions and personal experiences navigate the complex and emotionally charged world of storytelling? In this article, the fascinating intersection of artificial intelligence and one of the literary genres, the story, is analysed. It analyses how artificial intelligence perceives the story and what it can bring to this respected literary form. The study examined the data obtained with ChatGPT and Google Bard using the document review method. The data obtained was analyzed with content analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that artificial intelligence has both positive and negative aspects in producing stories. Among the positive aspects, it can be said that he writes an account with a holistic perspective. In addition, it was seen that he produced stories regarding current current events. Its negative aspects are that it lacks human emotions and creativity and creates predictable fiction on standard subjects. As a result, artificial intelligence can produce stories, but considering its shortcomings, it can help writers as a writing aid. However, it can also be said that the development of artificial intelligence algorithms, has the capacity to create more successful stories in the future.
Merokok Sebagai Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Solusio Plasenta
Authors: Malia Sherly Melvinia , Islamy Nurul , Triyandi Ramadhan
Published: October 2023

Solusio plasenta adalah terlepasnya plasenta sebelum tiba waktunya persalinan. Solusio plasenta menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya perdarahan selama persalinan. Solusio plasenta jarang terjadi pada persalinan normal. Dalam 1.000 kelahiran sebanyak 228 ribu ibu meninggal. Perdarahan merupakan penyebab kematian ibu tertinggi dengan persentase sebesar 27%. Penyebab perdarahan antepartum yang banyak terjadi di antaranya adalah plasenta previa, solusio plasenta, dan penyebab lain seperti perdarahan sinus marginal, servisitis, vasa previa, infeksi, dan trauma genital. Solusio plasenta terjadi saat pembuluh darah maternal terlepas dari plasenta, hal ini menyebabkan perdarahan di antara lapisan rahim dan plasenta. Terdapat berbagai faktor risiko yang dapat menjadi penyebab terjadinya solusio plasenta, yaitu usia, jumlah paritas, konsumsi alkohol, konsumsi kokain, dan merokok. Merokok dapat menyebabkan penurunan aliran darah plasenta. Hal ini terjadi akibat adanya perubahan pada zat vasoaktif seperti prostasiklin dan nitrit oksida, atau juga akibat adanya kerusakan sel endotel. Nikotin pada rokok juga memiliki efek vasokonstriksi yang dapat terjadi pada arteri uterina dan arteri umbilikalis serta meningkatkan konsentrasi hemoksihemoglobin yang mengganggu oksigenasi. Hipoksia yang terjadi kemudian menyebabkan mikroinfark pada pinggiran plasenta yang menimbulkan fokus nekrotik fokus nekrotik ini kemudian berkembang dan menyebabkan solusio plasenta.
Gambaran Profil Lipid Pasien Infark Miokardium Akut di RSUD DR. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung tahun 2021
Authors: Purba Kevin Jeremia , Tjiptaningrum Agustyas , Mustofa Syazili
Published: October 2023

Infark Miokardium Akut (IMA) merupakan keadaan miokardium atau otot jantung  yang mengalami nekrosis karena jantung yang kekurangan oksigen secara mendadak akibat adanya aterosklerosis oleh emboli atau thrombus secara total. Faktor resiko dari penyakit ini adalah dislipidemia yang ditandai dengan terganggunya profil lipid meliputi : penurunan high density lipoprotein (HDL), peningkatan low density lipoprotein (LDL), kolesterol total dan trigliserida. Penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan gambaran profil lipid pada pasien IMA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran profil lipid pada pasien IMA di RSUD DR. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung tahun 2021. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional yang dilakukan di bagian Rekam Medik RSUD DR. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelompok jenis kelamin yang dominan adalah laki-laki dengan jumlah 50 (79,4%) orang. Kelompok usia mendominasi pada kelompok umur 56-65 tahun dengan jumlah 27 (42,9%) orang. Kelompok jenis pekerjaan terbanyak adalah petani sebanyak 11 (17,5%) orang. Kelompok dengan kadar kolesterol HDL terbanyak berada dalam batas rendah (<40 mg/dl) sebanyak 31 (49,2%) orang. Kelompok dengan kadar kolesterol LDL terbanyak berada pada kategori optimal (<100 mg/dl) sebanyak 24 (38,1%) orang. Kelompok dengan kadar trigliserida terbanyak berada pada kategori optimal (<150 mg/dl) dengan jumlah 38 (60,3%) orang. Kelompok dengan kadar kolesterol total terbanyak berada pada kategori optimal (<200 mg/dl) sebanyak 41 orang (65,1%). Kelompok dengan kadar rasio kolesterol LDL/HDL terbanyak berada pada kategori rendah (<44) sebanyak 56 orang.
FAKTOR RISIKO BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDAH
Authors: Annisa Nur , Rengganis Wardani Dyah Wulan Sumekar , Ramayani Fidha
Published: October 2023

Bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah merupakan masalah kesehatan di masyarakat yang dapat dicegah. Hal ini merupakan penentu penting kelangsungan hidup dan perkembangan anak, serta konsekuensi jangka panjang seperti timbulnya penyakit tidak menular dalam perkembangan hidupnya. Sejumlah besar mortalitas dan morbiditas dapat dicegah dengan mengatasi faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan berat badan lahir rendah. Tujuan dari literature review ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan berat badan lahir rendah. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan beberapa factor risiko berat bayi lahir rendah antara lain usia ibu saat hamil dan status marital, diet maternal, kebiasaan merokok saat hamil, status pendidikan dan sosio-ekonomi, aktivitas ibu selama hamil serta riwayat komplikasi selama kehamilan. Namun tentunya penelitian yang ada masih memiliki keterbatasan-keterbatasan tertentu, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lanjutan di masa yang akan datang.
Hubungan Antara Asupan Makanan Terhadap Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2: Sebuah Studi Pustaka
Authors: Indira Prameswari Putu Arya , Zuraida Reni
Published: October 2023

Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) masalah kesehatan global dengan dampak yang cukup besar pada kehidupan. Prevalensi DM di dunia pada tahun 2021 mencapai 537 juta jiwa. DMT2 merupakan penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan konsentrasi glukosa darah. Faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan DMT2 salah satunya asupan makanan. Asupan makanan merupakan penyebab utama peningkatan pesat kejadian DM di negara-negara berkembang. Kadar glukosa darah terutama dipengaruhi oleh karbohidrat makanan, tingginya asupan makanan siap saji, minuman berkarbonasi, asupan daging merah, makanan manis serta asupan nasi putih yang berlebihan juga diduga dapat berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan risiko resistensi insulin pada DMT2. Berdasarkan hal tersebut penulis tertarik melakukan studi pustaka mengenai hubungan antara asupan makanan terhadap diabetes melitus tipe 2. Berdasarkan studi pustaka yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan makanan dengan DMT2 sehingga asupan makanan dapat mempengaruhi kejadian DMT2 pada individu. Berbagai jenis komponen makanan dapat mempengaruhi risiko terjadinya DMT2, oleh karena itu asupan makanan yang sehat serta pola makan yang teratur dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi risiko terjadinya berbagai macam penyakit.