bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Enhancement of Neutrophil Phagocytosis by Anti–Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Antibodies
Authors: Theprungsirikul Jomkuan , Skopelja-Gardner Sladjana , Wierzbicki Rachel M , Sessions Katherine J , Rigby William F C
Published: July 2021

Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) plays a major role in innate immunity through the ability of the N-terminal domain (NTD) to bind LPS, mediate cytotoxicity, and block LPS-induced inflammation. The C-terminal domain mediates phagocytosis of bacteria bound to the NTD. These two domains are linked by a surface-exposed loop at amino acids 231–249 for human BPI, known as the “hinge region.” Autoantibodies to human BPI are prevalent in many chronic lung diseases; their presence is strongly correlated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and with worse lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Although prior literature has reported BPI neutralization effect with autoantibodies targeting either NTD or C-terminal domain, the functionality of BPI Ab to the hinge region has never been investigated. Here, we report that Ab responses to the BPI hinge region mediate a remarkably selective potentiation of BPI-dependent phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa with both human and murine neutrophils in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that autoantibodies to the BPI hinge region might enhance bacterial clearance.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing reveals 12 testis-enriched genes dispensable for male fertility in mice
Authors: Oyama Yuki , Miyata Haruhiko , Shimada Keisuke , Fujihara Yoshitaka , Tokuhiro Keizo , Garcia Thomas X , Matzuk Martin M , Ikawa Masahito
Published: July 2021

Gene expression analyses suggest that more than 1000–2000 genes are expressed predominantly in mouse and human testes. Although functional analyses of hundreds of these genes have been performed, there are still many testis-enriched genes whose functions remain unexplored. Analyzing gene function using knockout (KO) mice is a powerful tool to discern if the gene of interest is essential for sperm formation, function, and male fertility in vivo. In this study, we generated KO mice for 12 testis-enriched genes, 1700057G04Rik, 4921539E11Rik, 4930558C23Rik, Cby2, Ldhal6b, Rasef, Slc25a2, Slc25a41, Smim8, Smim9, Tmem210, and Tomm20l, using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. We designed two gRNAs for each gene to excise almost all the protein-coding regions to ensure that the deletions in these genes result in a null mutation. Mating tests of KO mice reveal that these 12 genes are not essential for male fertility, at least when individually ablated, and not together with other potentially compensatory paralogous genes. Our results could prevent other laboratories from expending duplicative effort generating KO mice, for which no apparent phenotype exists.
Breast cancer in young and very young women; Is age related to outcome?
Authors: Avci Okan , Tacar Seher Yildiz , Seber Erdogan Selcuk , Yetisyigit Tarkan
Published: July 2021

Background:

Breast cancer in young women is associated with aggressive biology. We analyzed histopathological and clinical properties of breast cancer patients diagnosed at ≤40 years of age.

Methods:

Breast cancer patients who were admitted between 2015 and 2019 were included. Baseline characteristics of the patients with treatment-related outcomes were assessed. The study group was divided into two subgroups; <35 years old as “very young” and ≥35 years old as “young.”

Results:

The data of 137 patients (60 patients <35 years) were reviewed. The mean age was 34.7 years. The mean follow-up duration was 44.45 ± 26.39 months, and the mean disease-free survival was 36.17 ± 21.97 months. 11.4% of the patients were diagnosed with Stage 4 disease. Pathologic subtype was invasive ductal carcinoma in 86% of patients. 16.8% of the patients were luminal A, 38.7% luminal B, 30.5% were human epidermal growth factor receptor-2–positive type, and 15.3% were triple-negative. Only 5 (3.3%) patients had given birth after chemotherapy. During the follow-up period of early-staged diagnosed patients, metastatic disease occurred in 24.6%. The rate of distant metastasis development was statistically higher in the very young group (31% vs. 11%; P = 0.004). Thirteen patients (10.7%) died due to disease progression. Thirty-seven percent of the patients had a positive family history for either breast or ovarian cancer.

Conclusions:

Very young breast cancer patients seem to have a more aggressive disease course. The low rate of childbearing in this young patient population is conspicuous. An interdisciplinary approach for the management of this special patient population should be taken into consideration.
Tailored one anastomosis gastric bypass – Subgroup analysis of a randomised control trial based on bilio-pancreatic limb length with long-term results of 101 patients
Authors: Jain Mayank , Tantia Om , Goyal Ghanshyam , Chaudhuri Tamonas , Khanna Shashi , Poddar Anshuman , Majumdar Kajari , Gupta Sonam
Published: July 2021

Background:

Ideal bilio-pancreatic limb (BPL) length is a highly debatable issue in one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). Whether to use a tailored BPL or a fixed-length BPL needs to be answered.

Materials and Methods:

One-hundred and one patients who have undergone tailored OAGB based on basal metabolic index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were analysed. Sixty-three patients had BPL of 150 cm and 38 patients had BPL of 180 cm. Mean pre-operative BMI of BPL 150 and 180 cm groups were 39.73 and 51.92 kg/m2, respectively.

Results:

There was a significant drop in mean total body weight, BMI and excess body weight of both the groups at 1 year which persisted for 5 years post-operatively. The mean BMI of BPL 150 and BPL 180 cm group at 5 years was 29.17 and 32.88 kg/m2, respectively. Although mean percentage excess weight loss (%EWL) and percentage of excess BMI loss in the two groups was similar, the mean percentage total weight loss (%TWL) was significantly higher for the BPL 180 cm group. There was no difference between the two groups in the number of patients who had >50% EWL and >20% TWL. At 5 years of follow-up, the mean serum iron level was significantly low in BPL 180 cm group. There was a significant drop in mean haemoglobin A1c values postoperatively, with no difference between the two groups.

Conclusions:

Tailored BPL of 150 and 180 cm do not show any difference in the number of patients achieving >50% EWL or >20% TWL and so increasing limb length may not increase the number of good responders for weight loss. Although the resolution of T2DM and improvement of QoL score do not change significantly with increase in BPL length, mean serum iron levels may be lower with longer BPL.
Interrelationship between noncommunicable diseases, COVID-19 and sociodemographic index in the economic community of West African States
Authors: Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen , Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika
Published: July 2021

Background:

Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) increase COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.

Objective:

This study aimed to describe the interrelationship between NCD, COVID-19, and sociodemographic index (SDI) in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

Methods:

We extracted data from the global burden of disease (GBD) estimates. The GBD was used to estimate variations in epidemiologic data sources, model predictions, and 95% corresponding uncertainty intervals (UIs) for disability-adjusted life years (DALY). COVID-19 data were extracted and collated from web-based repositories as of December 18, 2020. We assessed the strength of association between the number of COVID-19 cases per thousand population, COVID-19 deaths, case-fatality rate, SDI, and DALY due to NCD using Pearson's correlation test. The level of statistical significance wasP< 0.01.

Results:

Ghana's SDI of 0.56 and DALY% (95% UI) due to NCD of 40.66 (36.05–44.98) was the highest. Ghana had 177 COVID-19 cases/100,000 population while Niger has 11 cases/100,000 population as of December 18, 2020. Niger's SDI of 0.16 and DALY% (95% UI) due to NCD of 21.22 (16.72–25.6) were the minimum. We found a strong positive correlation between COVID-19 cases per thousand population and DALY due to NCD (r = 0.870,P<0.001, n = 15) and a strong positive correlation between SDI and DALY due to NCD (r = 0.647,P= 0.009, n = 15).

Conclusion:

Countries with higher SDI and DALY due to NCD experienced higher COVID-19 cases. NCD prevention and control should be promoted to reduce COVID-19–related mortality and morbidity in the ECOWAS.
Clinical Features and Associated Risk Factors for Thyroid Eye Disease Among Goiter Patients Who Attended Jimma University Medical Center Surgical Referral Clinic, Jimma Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Kifle Dagmawit , Abateneh Aemero , Bekele Sisay , Asaminewu Tsedeke , Sinaga Melese
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Eye involvement is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves disease. Regarding our study area, there is no previous study done on the prevalence of thyroid eye disease among goiter patients.

Methods:

Institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 211 patients seen in Jimma University Medical Center surgical referral clinic from April to July 2018. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables having a P-value of less than 0.25 in the bivariate analyses were entered into a multivariable regression analysis to control the confounding variables.

Results:

Two hundred eleven goiter patients presented for care at JUMC surgical referral clinic over the 3 months study period; 57 (27%) of them were found to have thyroid eye disease. Lid retraction (40; 19%) was the most frequently observed sign of thyroid eye disease, whereas proptosis was found only in one case and no exposure to keratopathy or dysthyroid optic neuropathy was found. The factors that had statistically significant association with the prevalence of thyroid eye disease were thyroid dysfunction [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.781, (95% CI, 1.362–5.678) P = 0.005], smoking [AOR = 6.391, (95% CI, 1.868–21.860) P = 0.003], high blood pressure [AOR = 2.062, (95% CI, 1.001–4.251] P = 0.050] and high pulse rate [AOR=2.277 (95% CI, 1.003–5.167) P = 0.049].

Conclusion:

Thyroid eye disease among goiter patients is common and many patients are followed up for goiter.
Glaucoma follow-up care in the face of COVID-19 pandemic in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Kizor-Akaraiwe Nkiru , Uche Nkechi , Shiweobi Jude , Ezeanosike Edak , Ezisi Chinyelu
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

This study sought to find out the effect of the COVID-19 partial lockdown on adherence to glaucoma follow-up appointments and associated factors in a multispecialist eye care facility in Enugu, Nigeria.

Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional survey of glaucoma patients who were booked for follow-up appointment and those who attended follow-up clinic at The Eye Specialists Hospital (TESH), Enugu, Nigeria before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. The hospital records of glaucoma appointments and visits in April 2019 and April 2020, corresponding to “before” and “during” COVID-19 lockdown, respectively, were used to collect information on visits to glaucoma clinic (with/without appointments). The primary outcome measure of this study was difference in adherence to follow-up appointments while the secondary outcome measure was the total glaucoma visits before and during the pandemic lockdown. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 22.

Results:

Follow-up rate was not significantly different before (34.6%) and during (35.7%) the COVID-19 lockdown (P = 0.85). A total of 156 and 121 glaucoma visits were recorded before and during COVID-19 lockdown, respectively (P = 0.049). Patients within age group 60 to 80 years, males and persons with advanced glaucoma visited clinic more before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Severity of glaucoma was significantly associated with more visits during the COVID-19 lockdown (P = 0.023).

Conclusion:

In TESH, Enugu, Nigeria, the COVID-19 partial lockdown affected total number of glaucoma visits but not adherence to follow-up appointments. Understanding the need for glaucoma follow-up checks and fear of blindness likely helps adherence to appointments.
Concienciación juvenil frente al COVID-19 en España y Latinoamérica: análisis de spots en YouTube
Authors: Del-Moral-Pérez Maria Esther , Bellver-Moreno Maria del Carmen , Guzman-Duque Alba , López-Bouzas Nerea
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Las consecuencias socio-sanitarias y económicas del COVID-19 llevó a los países a adoptar estrategias comunicativas de carácter preventivo, que difundieron en medios sociales para amplificar su difusión. Esta investigación analiza las narrativas audiovisuales del contexto español y latinoamericano (N=100) orientadas a concienciar a los jóvenes frente al COVID-19 publicadas durante el periodo de 1 septiembre 2020 a 10 enero 2021 y accesibles en YouTube. Metodología. La metodología es mixta: cualitativa, se analizan variables comunicativas, técnico-narrativas y afectivo-emocionales; y cuantitativa, con análisis descriptivo de los datos y posterior ANOVA para identificar las diferencias existentes. Resultados. El 69% interpela a los jóvenes magnificando el riesgo, el 49% favorece su identificación, un 33% la reflexión ante situaciones críticas y un 31% atemoriza con la muerte de familiares. Los spots españoles pretenden evitar reuniones/fiestas, promover el uso de mascarillas y cumplir todas las normas sanitarias, y los latinoamericanos inciden en la distancia social, hábitos de higiene y el respeto de la cuarentena. Asimismo, los españoles priorizan relatos de carácter actitudinal para modificar conductas, y los latinoamericanos priman relatos procedimentales, mostrando prácticas saludables. Ciudadanía anónima, afectados, cantantes y sanitarios de edades entre 18-35 años protagonizan los spots españoles, mientras que en los latinoamericanos son comunicadores, futbolistas o personajes conocidos de entre 35-65 años. Conclusiones. Los factores culturales compartidos entre España y Latinoamérica se plasman en la homogeneidad de las narrativas respecto a las variables afectivo-emocionales. La representación juvenil está polarizada: se enfatizan modelos positivos o se subraya el arquetipo transgresor de normas.
Molecular Detection of Mutations in the Propeller Domain of Kelch 13 and pfmdr1 Copy Number Variation in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from Thailand Collected from 2002 to 2007
Authors: Chaisatit Chaiyaporn , Sai-ngam Piyaporn , Thaloengsok Sasikanya , Sriwichai Sabaithip , Jongsakul Krisada , Fukuda Mark , Spring Michele , Wojnarski Mariusz , Waters Norman , Lertsethtakarn Paphavee , Vesely Brian A.
Published: July 2021

We determined the prevalence of Kelch 13 mutations and pfmdr1 copy number in samples collected from the Thailand–Myanmar border, the Thailand–Cambodia border, and southern Thailand from 2002 to 2007. C580Y was the most prevalent in Trat (Thailand–Cambodia border) and Ranong (Thailand–Myanmar border) at 42% (24/57) and 13% (6/48), respectively. Less predominant mutations were also identified including R539T (7%, 4/57) and Y493H (2%, 1/57) in Trat, P574L (6%, 3/48) and P553L (2%, 1/48) in Ranong, and N537I and D452E (7%, 1/15) in Sangkhlaburi (Thailand–Myanmar border). Samples from Mae sot (33%, 11/33) harbored the highest percentage of multiple pfmdr1 copies, followed by Trat (18%, 10/57), Chiang Dao in 2003 (13%, 4/30), Phang Nga (5%, 2/44), and Chiang Dao in 2002 (4%, 1/26). This retrospective study provides geographic diversity of K13 and pfmdr1 copies and the emergence of these molecular markers in Thailand, an important background information for future surveillance in the region.
Case Report: Angiostrongylus cantonesis Myelitis in Thailand
Authors: Nuntawit Tharatorn , Sribenjalux Wantin , Meesing Atibordee
Published: July 2021

A 67-year-old man presented with headache, middle back pain that radiated to both legs, and paresthesia in the right leg for 1 day. He had eaten raw shrimp 1 week previously. Over the next week after admission, he developed urinary retention and weakness in both legs. The numbness in his right leg expanded to below the umbilicus. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord showed myelopathy with minimal cord swelling at T9 to the conus medullaris and a hemorrhagic lesion from T10 to T11. A complete blood count on day 28 after the onset of symptoms revealed leukocytosis without eosinophilia and no white blood cells in his cerebrospinal fluid. Results of an immunochromatographic test kit were positive for Angiostrongylus cantonesis but negative for Gnathostoma spinigerum. After a 4-week course of albendazole combined with a tapering dose of dexamethasone, he achieved nearly complete recovery.
Multi-objective optimization of magnetic abrasive finishing by desirability function with genetic algorithm
Authors: Singh Rajneesh Kumar , Gangwar Swati , Singh D.K. , Ahmad Shadab
Published: July 2021

Thermal stability and Surface hardness of the super-finished surface is a very important aspect to preserve the surface texture of workpiece in the MAF process. In this present study, the multi-objective optimization of EN-31 finished through the MAF process. “Increase in Temperature” and “Increase in Hardness” are considered for optimization to diminish their impact on the super-finished surface of EN-31. In present work Desirability function analysis (DFA) has been used to optimize the desired responses of the MAF process. Experiments were designed according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal array for the finishing of EN-31. The experiment results are processed using DFA and Desirability fitness function is established to convert the single response to multi-response. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to enhance the results of DFA and the regression model was developed to obtain the objective function of Genetic algorithm. Smaller-the-best criteria were used for ‘Increase in Temperature’ and ‘Increase in Hardness’ for obtaining favorable process parameters. The best optimal parametric combination is obtained by using the GA-DFA hybrid approach is at 2.5 mm (working gap), 20 gm (abrasive weight), and 2.0 A (Current) and 300 rpm (rotational speed).
A comprehensive study of synthesis and applications of core/shell nanoparticles
Authors: Tiwari Anju , Tripathi Ankit Kumar , Khare Prateek
Published: July 2021

When we consider matter at nanoscale, one of the most important aspects to be considered is that due to the small size of the particles, these have increased surface area to volume ratio. The large value of this ratio increases the dominance of the surface atoms of the nanoparticles in relation to those in its interior. A special category of materials at nanoscale level has gained popularity in the recent times due to their interesting properties and applications. When classified on the basis of structure, the types of core/shell particles can have a large variety. Each of this structural classification has its own importance, method of synthesis and application. The core/shell  nanoparticles have some distinct features that is responsible for their importance. The properties of Core/shell nanoparticles are highly modified from that of their simple pure nanomaterials, thus they usually called highly functional materials. The introduction of a different crust layer over the core particle has many reasons, such as it helps in implementing surface modification, increases functionality, stability and dispersibility, control on the release of the core, lowering the consumption of precious materials, and so on. These nanostructures can have a number of combinations in close interaction, depending upon the selection of material used, which highly influences the end application. This paper has an overview of the present methods involved in synthesis and tunable factors responsible for their end  applications. The development of metal/metal oxide core-shell nanoparticles has become popular nowadays due to their widespread use in catalysis and other environmental remedial applications.
Comparative study on biosorption of arsenite ions onto raw and chemically activated orange peel powder in batch reactor
Authors: Yadav P. , Gupta V.C.
Published: July 2021

In present work, comparative study of sorption potential of raw and chemically activated orange peel powder has been explored for the removal of arsenite ions (As III) from wastewater. Several operating parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbate ion concentration, solution pH as well as temperature were studied in batch reactor. Surface as well as physicochemical analysis of orange peel was done by using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), proximate and ultimate analysis. Maximum removal of As (III) 86.3% and 87% was obtained at initial metal ion concentration 20 mg/l and 25 mg/L, optimum pH 2 and 2.8, temperature 30°C and 25°C, contact time 120 and 150 minutes as well as the adsorbent dose 4g for raw and chemically activated orange peel respectively. Modeling of experimental data showed that Freundlich model (R2 = 97.45) had a better fit over Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 96.33) for raw orange peel and the Freundlich model (R2 =99.8%) in comparison to Langmuir model (R2 =94.5%) shows better fit. The present comparative study depicts that the chemically activated orange peel powder are more effective than raw orange peel powder. Thus, orange peel is found to be promising simple material for removal of arsenite ions (As III) ions.
Incentive-based demand response in grid-connected microgrid using quasi-opposed grey wolf optimizer
Authors: Dubey Salil Madhav , Dubey Hari Mohan , Pandit Manjaree
Published: July 2021

The paradigm shifts in the electrical industry from demand-driven generation to supply-driven generation due to the incorporation of renewable generating sources is a growing research field. Implementing demand response in present-day distribution schemes is anattractive approach often adopted by microgrid (MiG) operator.This paper incorporates an incentivebased demand response (IBDR) method in a grid-connected microgrid (MiG) comprising of conventional generators (CGs), wind turbines (WTs), and solar PV units. The main aim is to collectively minimize the fossil fuel cost of CGs, lower the transaction cost of portable power from the grid, and maximize theMiG operator's profitafter implementing demand response. This multi-objective problem combining optimal economic load dispatch of MiG with an efficient demand-side response is solved using a proposed Quasi-opposed Grey Wolf Optimizer (QOGWO) algorithm. The effect of the proposed algorithm on demand-side management (DSM) is analyzed for two cases, (i) varying the value of power  interruptibility (ii) varying the maximum limit of curtained power. Performance of QOGWO is compared with original GWO and a variant of GWO, Intelligent Grey Wolf Optimizer (IGWO). Results show the superior global search capability and complex constrained handling  capability of QOGWO.
Anti-nociceptive Potential of Ethanol Extract of Terminalia macroptera Guill&Perr (Combretaceae) Stem Bark in Mice
Authors: Atunwa S.A. , Amali M.O. , Lawal S.O. , Usman S.O. , Olapade A.I.
Published: July 2021

Background: Terminalia macroptera Guill. &Perr. (Combretaceae) is a flowering plant with several ethno-medicinal claims. However, the dearth of information on its analgesic property has necessitated this study.Objectives: to evaluate the anti-nociceptive potential of ethanol extract of Terminalia macroptera stem bark (TMSB) in mice.Materials and Methods: Male and female mice of weight range 22 – 25g were randomly allotted into seven groups (n= 5) and treated as follows: Group I received 0.5 mL distilled water orally (negative control), Groups II-V were orally administered ethanol extract of T. macroptera stem bark (TMSB) at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg respectively while groups VI-VII received piroxicam 10 mg/kg and pentazocine 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally respectively as standards. The same treatment pattern was adopted for both pain models: tail immersion and acetic acid-induced writhing assays. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s and Bonferroni's multiple comparisons tests with p < 0.05 taken as significance.Results: The ethanolic extract of Terminalia macroptera stem bark showed significant dose-dependent anti-nociceptive activity at 100 and 400 mg/kg (2.95±0.41 and 2.9±0.31 respectively) 60 min post-treatment compared to the negative control group in the tail immersion test. Significant inhibition of nociception (0.20±0.20) was obtained at 400 mg/kg compared to the negative control group in the acetic acid-induced writhing test.Conclusions: The ethanol extract of Terminalia macroptera stem bark exhibited dose-dependent anti-nociceptive potential in both tail immersion and acetic acid-induced writhing assays in mice.
Instructor's Guidelines for Teaching of College Students Paper Writing －Focused on Essays
Authors: Choi Junho
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this thesis is to propose “a model of a guideline for instructors that can be referred to” in order for them to effectively teach the information required of their students when it comes to their essay writing. Having done so, we may hope to positively contribute to the overall efficient progress of college students essay writing. By ‘college student essay’ we are referring to a short paper written by a university student, which amounts in length to roughly 5 sheets of A4 paper.
The procedure used to achieve the above purpose is as follows. 1) learn about the definition and types of college student essays, 2) examine the fundamental significance and status of college student essay writing, and 3) present the instructor’s guidelines for the course of college student essay writing.
What is necessary in order to properly establish the learning of college student essay writing is as follows: first, a qualitatively distinct essay task should be assigned to learners, based on the cold judgment of the learner's ability to write an essay. Second, in order not to undermine the opinions of the learners, the instructor’s comments on the contents of the essay should be excluded as much as possible, and hie or her feedback should be provided by paying attention to the formal aspects. Finally, the learner should be encouraged to write and submit a final essay that is better than their original essay, referring to the instructor's feedback.
Development and Application of a Design Thinking Program that Utilizes Technology as an Educational Model for Creativity and Convergence Competence －Focusing on the Case of A University
Authors: Lim Eugene , Kim Seyoung , Lim Hyunjin , Kim Bokyung
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to design a technology-based extra-curricular program in order to improve creativity and convergence of university students. To this end, we first analyzed a literature review concerning an extra-curricular program that dealt with creativity and convergence competence. Through these analyses, we selected the DMM model, design thinking as instructional models, and the jigsaw and process-folio were selected as instructional strategies. Second, based on previous studies, we developed first draft both of an edcation model and an extra-curricular program. Moreover, a group of three experts was formed to examine the validity of the educational model and the draft of the program. Third, the final blueprint of the program was derived by reflecting upon the results of the expert’s review. Fourth, the program designed in this study was operated for 32 students of A University located in Seoul, and the changes in creativity, convergence, and entrepreneurship competence of the participating students were measured to analyze the effectiveness. The program used in this study, can be expressed as one that moves from individual creativity to team creativity. Furthermore, it consists of three stages. The first stage is the ‘Learning by Experiencing’ program that allows the students to express creativity while utilizing technology. The second stage is the ‘Learning by Doing’ program, wherein students learn the mindset and methodology of design thinking. The third stage is the ‘Learning by Making’ program, which allows students to express team creativity with their peers from various other majors, with the aim of creating convergent values. As a result of measuring the pre-post changes of the students' creativity, convergence, and entrepreneurship competence by applying the third stage of the program, We confirmed that all of students experienced a statically significant increase in their creative, convergent and entrepreneurship competency.
Desplazamiento forzado y niñez: experiencias en las aulas [Forced displacement and childhood: experiences in the classroom]
Authors: Angulo Pinilla Margarita , Rojas Montenegro Yesica ,   Universidad de San Buenaventura - Colombia,   Universidad de San Buenaventura - Colombia
Published: July 2021

Los docentes como profesionales de la pedagogía y de un saber son los llamados a generar en sus espacios educativos un trato inclusivo con los niños y más cuando las realidades que han vivido sus estudiantes están enmarcadas en el contexto del conflicto armado colombiano. Es así como el siguiente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las experiencias de docentes y estudiantes desplazados en una institución educativa ubicada al sur de Bogotá, Colombia llamada Amigos de la naturaleza. En dicha institución educativa se llevaron a cabo actividades (observaciones, entrevistas y presentación fílmica) que se organizaron en categorías de análisis como desplazamiento y prácticas pedagógicas; las que permitieron analizar la problemática planteada y que invita a los docentes a reflexionar sus prácticas y el contexto de sus estudiantes en un momento donde se privilegian los contenidos.
Escaping the Escapism: A Grounded Theory of the Addiction and Recovery Process in Online Video Gaming
Authors: Carmona Jayson , Whiting Jason
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this grounded theory study was to describe the experience of people who struggled with self-described addiction to World of Warcraft™ (WoW). WoW is a massive multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), and many players have shared their stories of compulsive use and recovery efforts on two different websites: www.wowdetox.com, and a Reddit forum called /r/noWoW. We analyzed 140 unique posts on these sites to develop a process model describing how posters experienced addiction and recovery from WoW. We used grounded theory methods to create a model with categories including, time sink, impairment in work and relationships, and realization of loss. The process of recovery from compulsive WoW use included a series of realizations and the gamer “coming to themselves.” Implications for clinicians and researchers who study internet gaming disorder and related issues are offered.
Conducting Field Work with Microfinance Programs’ Participants in a Non-Western Setting: A Reflexive Account
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad
Published: July 2021

While volumes of procedural guidelines are available on how to conduct fieldwork, in practice a researcher encounters various challenges and dilemmas in the field. This paper presents a holistic view of the puzzles this researcher encountered in gaining access, negotiating positionality, application of the pre-determined methodology, and ensuring ethics during his fieldwork with microfinance program participants in a non-Western setting. This paper contributes to the fieldwork literature by enhancing a researcher’s understanding of the unanticipated challenges.
Banco palmas e o microcrédito: um exemplo de sucesso
Authors: Maciel Harine Matos , Do Amaral Filho Jair , Maciel Wlisses Matos
Published: July 2021

RESUMO

Este trabalho propõe-se a apresentar o microcrédito como instrumento de desenvolvimento econômico e social na perspectiva de economia solidária. O Banco Palmas é um exemplo de um sistema financeiro solidário criado, em 1988, pela Associação dos Moradores do Conjunto Palmeira. O objetivo do banco é proporcionar o desenvolvimento local e solidário do Conjunto Palmeira, através do microcrédito e programas complementares como a escola de capacitação, incubadora para mulheres em situação de risco, laboratório de agricultura urbana, moeda própria que circula nos comércios do bairro, sistemas de feiras com os produtores locais e uma loja solidária. A metodologia adotada foi um estudo de caso do Banco Palmas através de uma pesquisa documental e pesquisa bibliográfica. Dessa forma, o Banco Palmas mostra que é possível a realização de projetos de desenvolvimento popular e solidário auto-sustentáveis, por meio do microcrédito, que estimula o consumo e a produção dentro do próprio bairro, em uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento local.

 

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes to present microcredit as an instrument of economic and social development from the perspective of solidarity economy. Banco Palmas is an example of a financial solidarity system created in 1988 by the Residents Association of Conjunto Palmeira. The objective of the bank is to provide local development and solidarity in Conjunto Palmeira through micro-credit and complementary programs such as a training school, an incubator for women at risk, an urban agriculture laboratory, its own currency that circulates in the neighborhood stores, fair systems with local producers and a solidarity store. The methodology adopted was a case study of Banco Palmas through a documentary and bibliographical research. In this way, Banco Palmas shows that it is possible to carry out self-sustainable popular and solidary development projects, through microcredit, which stimulates consumption and production within the neighborhood itself, in a perspective of local development.
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Determinants on Ease of Doing Business in English-Speaking West African Countries (ESWACS)
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, University of Africa, Toru, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Uzomba Poi, G.
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the impact of entrepreneurial determinants on ease of doing business in the five English. Speaking West African Countries (ESWACs) of Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Liberia and The Gambia. It used secondary data sourced from the OECD and the World Bank. The independent variables were the Entrepreneurial Determinants (ED) of regulatory framework peroxide by Small and Medium Enterprise Sale Tax (SSTR); access to finance proxied by both Interest Rate Spread (INTR) and Domestic Credit to Private Sector (DCPS). The dependent variable was the Ease of Doing Business Ranking (EDBR). Five research objective and five hypotheses based on the Keynesian, Monetary and Schumpeter theoretical inferences guided the study. The study used ex-post factor research design and descriptive statistical, correlation matrix, Panel-ARDL, Granger causality, and impulse response methods for the analyses. The results revealed that SSTR is positively and weakly correlated with EDBR, but has negative and weak correlation with INTR and DCPS. Long run relationship was found not to exist between SSTR, INTR and DCPS, and EDBR, but the dynamic short run ARDL regression reveals high levels of coefficient of determination. On country-specific analysis, the cross-sectional result showed SSTR, INTR and DCPS positively impacted on ease of doing business in Nigeria and Sierra Leone but had a negative impact in Ghana, Liberia and The Gambia. It was further revealed that zero Granger causality existed among SSTR, INTR, DCPS and EDBR; and mixed impulse responses were revealed from the impulse response result. It was also recommended that governments of ESWACs should ensure the continuous use of mixed expansionary policies to ensure that Entrepreneurial determinants positively impact the ease of doing business in the area.
Analysis of Technical and Allocative Efficiency among Small Scale Maize Producers in Arsi Negele Woreda, West Arsi Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors:   Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 198, Shashemene, Ethiopia.P.O.Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Philipos Muluken
Published: July 2021

This research study is carried out to examine Technical and allocative efficiency among Maize growers in Aesi Negele Woreda, West Arsi Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. The study is based on primary and secondary data, collected through a well designed questionnaire from a sample of 98 small holder Maize producers. The data were analyzed with the use of stochastic frontier Cobb. Douglas production function to estimate the efficiency level and identify important factors affecting the efficiency. Moreover, the allocative efficiency was estimated using APP, MPP and MVP. The maximum likelihood estimates for the model indicate that land, seed quantity and labor have positive significant effects on maize yield. However, the amount of fertilizer applied had a negative relation with maize output. Allocative efficiency analysis reveals that land, labour and seed are underutilized, while fertilizer over utilized for maize production in the study area. Finally, the study recommends training for maize growers and provision of advanced new technological options has a vital role in boosting production and productivity efficiently.
Management of Islamic Education Institutions in Human Resource Development in the Era of Disruption
Authors:   Department of Islamic Education Management. Postgraduate at State Islamic University of Malang Indonesia, Radnasari Radnasari
Published: July 2021

This study aims to reveal the management of Islamic educational institutions in developing human resources in the era of disruption with the research focus covering: 1) Analysis of the response of Islamic educational institutions in developing human resources in the era of disruption, 2) Analysis of the transformation of human resources in the era of disruption. Islamic educational institutions after participating in development activities in the era of disruption. 3) Identify challenges and opportunities for Islamic educational institutions in developing human resources in the era of disruption. This study used a qualitative approach with case study design. Data was collected by using interview, observation and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques include data coding, data classification, data reduction, data exposure, research findings. Technique of data validity using source triangulation. Research informants are the principal, the person in charge of human resources, educators and education staff. The results of the study show that: 1) Analysis of the response of Islamic educational institutions in developing human resources in the era of disruption includes a) Planning for human resource development in the Era of disruption, b) Organizing human resource development in the Era of disruption, c) Directing resource development human resources in the era of disruption, d) Coordination of human resource development in the era of disruption, e) Supervision of human resource development in the era of disruption, 2) analysis of the transformation of human resources for human resources at Al Hikmah Boarding School Batu after participating in development activities in the era of disruption namely mindset, motivation, knowledge, abilities and skills. 3) Identification of challenges and opportunities in developing human resources in the era of disruption, namely a) rate of change, b) commitment of human resources, c) leadership, d) Infrastructure, e) Success and Competency Trap.
The Role of Formal and Informal Finance in Economic Development
Authors:   University of Professional Studies, Accra: Department of Finance,, Kriese Maryam
Published: July 2021

There is an apparent assumption amongst policymakers despite evidence of heavy and increasing reliance on informal finance, the co-existence of formal and informal financial markets, and linkages between informal finance and economic outcomes that, formal rather than informal finance, is needed for economic development. The objective of this study is to examine the role of formal and informal finance in Economic Development. We use White Heteroscedasticity Adjusted and Two-Stage Least Squares Regression for the estimation, with measures of the regulatory framework for protecting financial consumers as instruments. We find that, while access to formal financial services has a positive effect on economic development irrespective of a country’s income status, access to informal financial services may positively or negatively affect economic development depending on its source. Further, while formal finance on economic development is positive irrespective of a country’s level of development, informal finance is unfavourable for high and middle-income economies. Our findings indicate that the policy choice of broadening access to formal rather than informal financial services is in the right direction. Policymakers should thus intensify efforts at expanding access to formal financial services for enhanced economic development. Nevertheless, policymakers should be mindful of the source contingent impact of informal finance on economic development.
LEVEL OF STRESS AND COPING AMONG NURSES WORKING AT HIGH RISK
Authors: D L Ms. Ahila D L
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT:
A study to assess the level of stress and coping among 80 nurses working at high risk areas of selected CSI Hospitals
of Kanyakurnari District was done using modified Expanded Nursing Stress Scale devised by American, National
Nurses Association and modified Moo's Coping Inventory. 52.5% (42) of nurses were found to be severely stressed
and 40% (32) nurses were found to be moderately stressed. Only 3.75 % (3) of nurses were having effective coping
skills. The association between stress and selected demographic variables like Age, year of experience, type of
wards and marital status was found to be significant with = 18.70; 20.23; 11.27; 10.04 at (p <0.05) level. The
association between coping and selected demographic variables like age, year of experience and marital status was
found to be significant, -14.55; 15.54; 6,54 at (p<0.05)level.
Peculiarities of information exchange in an informed society
Authors:   Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Rahimova Shahnoza
Published: July 2021

This article examines the features of information exchange in an informed society and highlights the scientific interpretation, characteristics and positive aspects of an informed society. It also substantiates the fact that social networks and messengers have become the main means of information exchange and appear as new opportunities for information exchange.
Information and library services for users with disabilities
Authors:   information and library the work of the IBC of the Syrdarya region, Larisa Egai Larisa Larisa Egai
Published: July 2021

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), people with disabilities make up nearly 13 percent of the world’s population, and this figure is not declining today. That is why the issue of comprehensive assistance to people with disabilities in the maximum possible adaptation to society remains relevant in many countries. The article highlights the issues of providing information and library services to students with disabilities, including the forms and methods of working with this category of library users.
Discussions on the new state in the Turkestan press (1918–1924)
Authors:   Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Abdulhay Gulchehra
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the activities of the Bolsheviks to strengthen Soviet power in the country by granting autonomy to Turkestan through the prism of national and Russian editions of 1918-1924. It is shown that the state border of Central Asia was important for the people of Turkestan, but this issue was excluded from the news of the press day.
The dream of our ancestors came true
Authors:   Turon Information and Library Center, Abdurasulova Kimyo
Published: July 2021

The article provides bibliographic descriptions of published materials from various periodicals of 1925–1940 of the last century. It should be noted that the published materials until 1930 were written in Arabic script and then, in subsequent years, until 1940 in Latin. For more than 100 years of existence of the IBC «TURON», the total fund is more than 400,000 book copies. Over the past time, in the reading rooms of the library, many remarkable personalities of our time were engaged and became workers of science, culture and art. Currently IBC «TURON» has modern equipment to optimize information and library services for users.
The design and implementation of a theory-based interdisciplinary falls prevention pilot program for community dwelling older adults
Authors: Tripken Jennifer L. , Elrod Cathy S. , Bills Susan
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research was to describe the development of an interdisciplinary community-based falls prevention program that integrated self-efficacy theory and to evaluate its impact on awarenessof fall risk factors and self-efficacy to engage in behaviors that reduce fall risk. Twenty-three communitydwelling older adults participated in a five-week falls prevention program held at a community centerin a large metropolitan county in the Mid-Atlantic. Positive improvements were demonstrated across alloutcome measures. Our findings indicate that a theory-based interdisciplinary falls prevention programincreased self-efficacy and awareness of falls risk factors in older adults.
Student Perceptions of Safety and Helpfulness of Resources
Authors: Merianos Ashley L. , King Keith A. , Vidourek Rebecca A.
Published: July 2021

The study purpose was to examine whether college student perceptions of campus safety differedbased on seriousness of crime on and off campus, helpfulness of services, and demographic information.Students (N=345) completed a survey assessing perceived campus safety, seriousness of crime, and helpful-ness of campus safety resources. Results indicated that campus safety differed based on perceived helpfulnessof campus services, seriousness of crime on campus, seriousness of crime around campus, sex, and livingsituation. This study found that most students have low perceived safety and identified helpful campusresources that may increase their safety. Implications for future research are included.
Factors Associated with Initiating but not Completing the HPV Vaccination
Authors: Wilson Kelly L. , Szucs Leigh E. , Rosen Brittany L. , Reyes Jovanni V. , Smith Matthew Lee
Published: July 2021

Thee purpose of the study was to examine social in uences and healthcare characteristics on vac-cination completion among females who initiated the process. Questionnaire data were analyzed from 536females and 20.1% initiated the HPV vaccination but did not complete. Relative to women who com-pleted the vaccination, those who were older at time of vaccine initiation (P<0.001) and reported a parentdecision to vaccinate (P<0.001) were more likely to have initiated but not completed the cycle. Highersocial in uence to be vaccinated scores were associated with initiating but not completing the vaccination(P=0.017). These findings can guide health promotion interventions to encourage vaccine completion.
A Signage Intervention Decreases Inactive Study Breaks in College Students
Authors: Southard Kathryn J. , Rhoades Jesse Lee , Whitehead James R. , Walch Tanis J.
Published: July 2021

The purpose was to examine the effectiveness of a signage intervention in a university library topromote the use of active (AB) compared to inactive (IB) study breaks. College-age students (n=458) wereobserved over three weeks; pre, intervention, and post-intervention. Table tents and signs posted in the li-brary encouraged students to take AB. Two trained researchers collected data using systematic observation.AB was higher during the intervention compared to pre- and post- (p≤0.05) and IB were lower comparedto pre (p≤0.05). Visual reminders while studying may positively influence activity, and may be necessaryfor continued AB.