bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADHD symptom profiles, intermittent explosive disorder, adverse childhood experiences, and internalizing/externalizing problems in young offenders
Authors: Barra Steffen , Turner Daniel , Müller Marcus , Hertz Priscilla Gregorio , Retz-Junginger Petra , Tüscher Oliver , Huss Michael , Retz Wolfgang
Published: August 2020

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and co-existing psychiatric/psychological impairments as well as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common among young offenders. Research on their associations is of major importance for early intervention and crime prevention. Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) warrants specific consideration in this regard. To gain sophisticated insights into the occurrence and associations of ADHD, IED, ACEs, and further psychiatric/psychological impairments in young (male and female) offenders, we used latent profile analysis (LPA) to empirically derive subtypes among 156 young offenders who were at an early stage of crime development based on their self-reported ADHD symptoms, and combined those with the presence of IED. We found four distinct ADHD subtypes that differed rather quantitatively than qualitatively (very low, low, moderate, and severe symptomatology). Additional IED, ACEs, and further internalizing and externalizing problems were found most frequently in the severe ADHD subtype. Furthermore, females were over-represented in the severe ADHD subtype. Finally, ACEs predicted high ADHD symptomatology with co-existing IED, but not without IED. Because ACEs were positively associated with the occurrence of ADHD/IED and ADHD is one important risk factor for on-going criminal behaviors, our findings highlight the need for early identification of ACEs and ADHD/IED in young offenders to identify those adolescents who are at increased risk for long-lasting criminal careers. Furthermore, they contribute to the debate about how to best conceptualize ADHD regarding further emotional and behavioral disturbances.
Postoperative renal morbidity and mortality after volume replacement with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 or albumin during surgery: a propensity score-matched study
Authors: Miyao Hideki , Kotake Yoshifumi
Published: August 2020

Purpose

We aimed to compare retrospectively the rates of renal morbidity and mortality in surgical patients receiving 6% HES 130/0.4 to those receiving albumin.

Methods

From a Japanese nationwide medical database between 2014 and 2016, we identified adults who received HES 130/0.4 (HES group) or albumin (albumin group) as a single colloid solution on the day of surgery. After propensity score matching, the two groups were analyzed with χ2 or Mann Whitney U test. The primary outcome was the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Secondary outcomes included the incidence of renal-replacement therapy, hospital length of stay, in-hospital 30-day mortality, the use of vasoactive agents, and the fluid requirement on the day of surgery.

Results

Of 76,048 patients in the database, propensity score matching identified 289 matched pairs. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of AKI between the HES and the albumin group (15.2% vs. 20.8%, respectively: P = 0.08). The secondary outcomes did not differ between groups except the following. Median hospital stay was 5 days shorter in the HES group (18 vs. 23 days; P < 0.001), and the median net fluid requirement on the day of surgery was 15 mL/kg lower in the HES group (140 vs. 155 mL/kg, respectively; P = 0.01).

Conclusions

Postoperative renal morbidity and mortality did not differ between patients receiving HES 130/0.4 and those receiving albumin. HES 130/0.4 was associated with shorter hospital stay and less fluid requirement compared to albumin. These findings support the use of 6% HES 130/0.4 for perioperative volume replacement as an alternative to albumin.

Trial registration

UMIN000027896 and the date of registration was June 30, 2017 at https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.html.
Factors controlling the migration phenology of Siberian Phylloscopus species
Authors: Bozó László , Csörgő Tibor , Heim Wieland
Published: August 2020

The timing of annual events in migratory species is determined by the position of breeding and wintering grounds, length of the breeding season, the occurrence of their preferred diet or the timing of moult in birds. Previous studies found significant differences in the migration phenology of AsianPhylloscopuswarbler species, a group of long-distance migratory passerines. However, the factors that influence the observed differences in migration phenology have not been studied yet. Here, we analyze the effect of the above-mentioned factors on the migration timing of sevenPhylloscopusspecies at a stopover site in the Russian Far East. We found that spring migration phenology was best explained by moult strategy and the preferred prey size, while autumn migration phenology was linked to the southernmost wintering latitude of the species. Interspecific differences in migration timing were much higher in autumn than in spring. The duration of the species-specific migration periods was also longer in autumn than in spring, most likely caused by higher competition during spring to arrive early at the breeding grounds. Our results contribute to the understanding of migration ecology in songbirds moving along the little-studied East Asian flyway.
Invasive Nile tilapia dominates a threatened indigenous tilapia in competition over shelter
Authors: Champneys T. , Genner M. J. , Ioannou C. C.
Published: August 2020

Invasive species are one of the greatest threats to freshwater ecosystems globally. However, the causal mechanisms that drive negative impacts of many invasive species are poorly understood. In Tanzania, non-native Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exists in sympatry with a diverse range of native species, many of which are congenerics with strong niche overlap. It has been suggested thatO. niloticuscan displace native species from preferred habitat through dominance during interference competition, yet interference competition betweenO. niloticusand a native tilapia species has never been directly tested under experimental conditions. In this study juvenileO. niloticusand Manyara tilapia (Oreochromis amphimelas), a functionally similar but endangered Tanzanian cichlid, were size matched in conspecific and heterospecific pairs. We presented pairs with limited shelter and recorded competitive interactions. We found thatO. niloticuswere more aggressive and faster to initiate agonistic interactions thanO. amphimelas. Furthermore,O. niloticusshowed a strong competitive dominance in their interactions withO. amphimelas. One-sided dominance hierarchies can drive fundamental changes in resource use by subordinate individuals, potentially resulting in habitat displacement over the long term. Based on this experimental evidence, we conclude thatO. niloticusmay threaten native tilapia species through dominance in interference competition.
Phenomenology and functional analysis. A functionalist reading of Husserlian phenomenology
Authors: Pokropski Marek
Published: August 2020

In the article I discuss functionalist interpretations of Husserlian phenomenology. The first one was coined in the discussion between Hubert Dreyfus and Ronald McIntyre. They argue that Husserl’s phenomenology shares similarities with computational functionalism, and the key similarity is between the concept of noema and the concept of mental representation. I show the weaknesses of that reading and argue that there is another available functionalist reading of Husserlian phenomenology. I propose to shift perspective and approach the relation between phenomenology and functionalism from a methodological perspective, specifically taking into account the functionalist explanatory strategy called functional analysis. I discuss the notion of function in Husserl’s works and Husserl’s idea of functional phenomenology. The key argument I develop is that in functional phenomenology we can find an explanatory strategy which is analogous to the strategy of functional decomposition used in functional analysis. I conclude that the proposed functionalist reading of phenomenology opens a new approach to the integration of phenomenology with cognitive sciences.
Draft for Understanding the Historical Background of Changes in the Ideological Language and Communication of Secret Services in 20th Century’s Hungary
Authors: Revesz Bela
Published: August 2020

Words can mean different things to different people. This can be problematic, mainly for those working together in a bureaucratic institution, such as the secret service. Shared, certified, explicit and codified definitions offer a counter to subjective, solitary and/or culturally dominant definitions. It’s true that codified secrecy terms for secret services can be seen to involve a number of political, cultural, subcultural “languages”, but if words come from unclassified or declassified files, memorandums and/or records, one needs a deep understanding of the secret services. A remarkable feature of this bureaucratic language is the evolving nature of, certain “keywords” as important signifiers of historical transformation. Thus, the changes in the language of the secret services depends at least as much on the internal changes of the secret services as on the transformation in the external political-social environment. In spite of the confusion of Hungarian secret services in the revolutions of 1918–1919 and the disintegration of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, in the early 1920’s became a stable system. Between the two World Wars, the Hungarian State Police directed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs (hereinafter referred to as MIA), the Military Intelligence and Counter-Espionage directed by the Ministry of Defence (hereinafter referred to as MoD), and the Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie directed by both of the Ministries had their own operational service. This structure existed unchanged until 1945. Simultaneously with the forward advance of the soviet troops, government began to re-establish the former system of the secret services in the eastern part of the country. After WWII, in 1946, the “State-protection Department” as political police became independent from the police. However, from the beginning, they remained under the control of the Communist Party. After 1950, the State Security Authority provided special services for the MIA and the Military Political Directorate of the MoD. After quashing the revolution in 1956, in the spring of 1957, the MIA Political Investigation Department was established which—with slight modifications—kept the structure created during the “state protection era”. The MIA III. The State-Protection General Directorate was established in 1962. The reorganization was finalized in the middle of the 1960’s, which resulted in the new system, which—with the structure of Directorates—became the ultimate structure of the state secret police until the abolishment of the MIA General Directorate III in January 1990. These organizational transformations were largely the result of exogenous historical-political changes. Moreover, each new period had a major impact on the organizational communication, language use and vocabulary of the secret services. This study seeks to interpret these historical transformations.
Lichenopeltella mizerniana sp. nov. from the upper Pliocene of Mizerna (southern Poland)
Authors: Worobiec Grzegorz , Worobiec Elżbieta
Published: August 2020

Fungal sporocarps having ostiole with setae were found in the upper Pliocene deposits from Mizerna (borehole Mizerna-Nowa), southern Poland. These remains morphologically correspond to the fossil-genus Trichothyrites Rosend., although the structure of the ostiolar collar with non-septate setae seems unique and is typical for sporocarps (catathecia) of some modern species of the genus Lichenopeltella Höhn. Other contemporary fungal genera with setose sporocarps differ considerably from Lichenopeltella in respect of their morphology. Taking this into consideration, a new fossil-species Lichenopeltella mizerniana G. Worobiec is proposed. Morphologically, Lichenopeltella mizerniana is similar both to some modern lichenicolous [L. peltigericola (D. Hawksw.) R. Sant., L. rangiferinae Brackel, and L. uncialicola Brackel] and non-lichenicolous species [L. ammophilae (J.P. Ellis) P.M. Kirk & Minter, L. palustris (J.P. Ellis) P.M. Kirk & Minter] of this genus. The presence of Lichenopeltella mizerniana suggests that the Pliocene climate of the Mizerna locality was probably at least moderately humid.
Robust approach to restricted items selection problem
Authors: Drwal Maciej
Published: August 2020

We consider the robust version of items selection problem, in which the goal is to choose representatives from a family of sets, preserving constraints on the allowed items’ combinations. We prove NP-hardness of the deterministic version, and establish polynomially solvable special cases. Next, we consider the robust version in which we aim at minimizing the maximum regret of the solution under interval parameter uncertainty. We show that this problem is hard for the second level of polynomial-time hierarchy. We develop exact solution algorithms for the robust problem, based on cut generation and mixed-integer programming, and present the results of computational experiments.
Bipolar lateralization in reverse shoulder arthroplasty for avoidance of scapular notching
Authors: Raiss Patric , Neumann Rainer
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has become a well-established treatment option for multiple disorders of the shoulder joint. In recent years, implant designs and configurations have been modified in order to improve function and avoid complications. Lateralization on the glenoid and the humeral side has been described to improve function and decrease radiographic scapular notching. Data on the clinical and radiographic results of bipolar lateralization in RSA are lacking.

Methods

In 38 cases, RSA was performed using an uncemented humeral short-stem component with a 145° neck–shaft angle in combination with bone lateralization on the glenoid side (Bony Increased-Offset Reversed Shoulder Arthroplasty, BIO-RSA; Wright Medical Inc., Memphis, TN, USA). Mean follow-up was 19 months (range 12–34 months). Patients were followed clinically using the Constant score as well as range of motion for shoulder flexion and external rotation. Radiographs in two different plains were analyzed for implant seating and the occurrence of scapular notching.

Results

There was a significant increase in all measured clinical parameters. Forward flexion increased from a mean of 75° preoperatively to 151° postoperatively, and mean Constant score increased from 21 to 71 points postoperatively (p < 0.001). Glenoid notching of grade 1 according to Sirveuax was observed in 3 out of 35 cases (9%); no grade 2, 3, or 4 notching was present. Revision surgery was necessary in one case (3%).

Conclusion

RSA with bipolar lateralization leads to excellent clinical outcomes, low complication rates, and low rates of radiographic scapular notching. Longer follow-up and prospective randomized trials are needed.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
The development and application of an optimization tool in industrial design
Authors: Demarco Francesco , Bertacchini Francesca , Scuro Carmelo , Bilotta Eleonora , Pantano Pietro
Published: August 2020

Designers are identified, in industry 4.0, as the professional figures that have to design well performing new object. In order to do this, it is necessary to take into account a series of properties called design objectives. Often the structural problem of new design is underestimated or even not considered. This can be a real problem because this objective is in competitive and in contrast with other design objectives. So, this can bring to substantial change in a design in the final phase and sometimes to the complete change. In this paper is presented an optimization workflow that adopt a Multi Objective Optimization engine so called “Octopus” and Karamba3D, that is a Finite Elements (FE) plug-in, typically used in structural simulations, these extensions run in a software: Grassopper3D, that is a parametric design tool. The workflow allows designers to explore a large range of solutions and at the same time permits to filter and sort the optimized models in order to analyze the tradeoff of the resultant solution space, both qualitatively and quantitatively. In such way designers can obtain easily a lot of information of the generate design and identify potential solution for immediate use or for further optimization. In this paper is analyzed a design problem of an ergonomic chair in order to provide the efficiency of the workflow. The design criteria and the structural problem for this type of design object are identified as the main optimization objectives in order to iteratively improve the design solutions.
The gravimetric contribution to the Moho estimation in the presence of vertical density variations
Authors: Reguzzoni Mirko , Sampietro Daniele , Rossi Lorenzo
Published: August 2020

The Moho surface, namely the density discontinuity between crust and mantle, is traditionally studied by seismic methods. However, gravity information can contribute to the Moho estimation and, more generally, to the crustal modeling. The contribution is twofold. First, gravimetry generally provides observations with much lower errors than those implied by the mass density uncertainty and other geophysical assumptions. This means that it can be used to validate existing Moho and/or crustal models by forward modeling. Second, gravity inversion is able to provide diffused (not localized) information on the mass distribution, both regionally and globally (thanks to dedicated satellite gravity missions). However, this information is weak due to its intrinsic ill-posedness. This means that it can be used to correct and spatially interpolate existing models, and to complement seismic, magnetic and geological information to create new models. In this work, the problem of estimating the Moho surface by gravity inversion assuming a two-layer model with lateral and vertical density variations is treated at a regional level. The approach consists in linearizing the forward modeling around a reference Moho at a constant depth and then inverting it through a Wiener filter. This is standard in case of two layers with homogeneous density distributions (or with lateral density variations), while it requires some additional considerations and algorithm modifications in case of vertical density variations. The basic idea is to “condensate” the masses inside the Moho undulation on the reference surface used for the linearization, thus requiring the setup of an iterative procedure. A strategy to introduce seismic information into this inversion procedure is proposed too, with the aim of improving the a priori density modeling. A closed loop test is presented for the algorithm assessment, showing the improvement with respect to a standard approach and the capability of the proposed algorithm to reconstruct the originally simulated Moho undulation by also fitting the gravity and seismic data at a level that is consistent with their observation noise.
Coronary computed tomography angiography and [15O]H2O positron emission tomography perfusion imaging for the assessment of coronary artery disease
Authors: van Diemen P. A. , Schumacher S. P. , Driessen R. S. , Bom M. J. , Stuijfzand W. J. , Everaars H. , de Winter R. W. , Raijmakers P. G. , van Rossum A. C. , Hirsch A. , Danad I. , Knaapen P.
Published: August 2020

Determining the anatomic severity and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) by means of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and its effect on perfusion using myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) form the pillars of the non-invasive imaging assessment of CAD. This review will 1) focus on CCTA and [15O]H2O positron emission tomography MPI as stand-alone imaging modalities and their combined use for detecting CAD, 2) highlight some of the lessons learned from the PACIFIC trial (Comparison of Coronary CT Angiography, SPECT, PET, and Hybrid Imaging for Diagnosis of Ischemic Heart Disease Determined by Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) (NCT01521468)), and 3) discuss the use of [15O]H2O PET MPI in the clinical work-up of patients with a chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO).
Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries
Authors: Konst R. E. , Meeder J. G. , Wittekoek M. E. , Maas A. H. E. M. , Appelman Y. , Piek J. J. , van de Hoef T. P. , Damman P. , Elias-Smale S. E.
Published: August 2020

Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) is a common ischaemic heart disease with a female preponderance, mostly due to underlying coronary vascular dysfunction comprising coronary microvascular dysfunction and/or epicardial coronary vasospasm. Since standard ischaemia detection tests and coronary angiograms are not suitable to diagnose coronary vascular dysfunction, INOCA is often overlooked in current cardiology practice. Future research, including large outcome trials, is much awaited. Yet, adequate diagnosis is possible and treatment options are available and vital to reduce symptoms and most probably improve cardiovascular prognosis. This review intends to give a brief overview of the clinical presentation, underlying pathophysiology, and the diagnostic and treatment options in patients with suspected INOCA.
New developments in adult congenital heart disease
Authors: Bouma B. J. , Sieswerda G. T. , Post M. C. , Ebels T. , van Kimmenade R. , de Winter R. J. , Mulder B. J.
Published: August 2020

Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects 0.8% of live births and over the past decades technical improvements and large-scale repair has led to increased survival into adulthood of over 95% of the new-born. A new group of patients, those who survived their congenital heart defect, has emerged but late complications including heart failure, pulmonary hypertension (PH), arrhythmias, aneurysms and endocarditis appeared numerous, with a huge impact on mortality and morbidity. However, innovations over the past years have changed the landscape of adult CHD dramatically. In the diagnostic process important improvements have been made in the use of MRI, biomarkers, e‑health concepts and 3D visualisation of anatomy. Care is now concentrated in specialised centres, with a continuous emphasis on education and the introduction of weekly multidisciplinary consultations on diagnosis and intervention. Surgery and percutaneous intervention have been refined and new concepts applied, further reducing the burden of the congenital malformations. Research has matured from case series to global networks. Currently, adults with CHD are still facing high risks of early mortality and morbidity. By global collaboration and continuous education and development and innovation of our diagnostic and therapeutic arsenal, we will improve the perspectives of these young patients.
The role of coronary angiography in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in the absence of ST-segment elevation: A literature review
Authors: Spoormans E. M. , Lemkes J. S. , Janssens G. N. , van der Hoeven N. W. , Bonnes J. L. , van Royen N.
Published: August 2020

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of death. Although the aetiology of cardiac arrest can be diverse, the most common cause is ischaemic heart disease. Coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, if indicated, has been associated with improved long-term survival for patients with initial shockable rhythm. However, in patients without ST-segment elevation on the post-resuscitation electrocardiogram, the optimal timing of performing this invasive procedure is uncertain. One important challenge that clinicians face is to appropriately select patients that will benefit from immediate coronary angiography, yet avoid unnecessary delay of intensive care support and targeted temperature management. Observational studies have reported contradictory results and until recently, randomised trials were lacking. The Coronary Angiography after Cardiac Arrest without ST-segment elevation (COACT) was the first randomised trial that provided comparative information between coronary angiography treatment strategies. This literature review will provide the current knowledge and gaps in the literature regarding optimal care for patients successfully resuscitated from OHCA in the absence of ST-segment elevation and will primarily focus on the role and timing of coronary angiography in this high-risk patient population.
Paradigm shifts in pathophysiology and management of atrial fibrillation—a tale of the RACE trials in the Netherlands
Authors: Crijns H. J. G. M. , Van Gelder I. C.
Published: August 2020

In the past 20 years the Netherlands-based RACE trials have investigated important concepts in clinical atrial fibrillation (AF). Their scope ranged from rhythm versus rate control to early or delayed cardioversion and also included early comprehensive management of AF in two trials, one focusing on early ‘upstream therapy’ and risk factor management and the other on integrated chronic nurse-led care. Studies were mostly triggered by simple clinical observations including futility of electrical cardioversion in persistent AF; many patients with permanent AF tolerating day-after-day ‘uncontrolled’ resting heart rates of up till 110 beats/min; patients being threatened more by vascular risks than AF itself; and insufficient guideline-based treatments for AF. Also the observation that recent-onset atrial fibrillation generally converts spontaneously, obviating cardioversion, triggered one of the studies. The RACE trials shifted a number of paradigms and by that could change the AF guidelines. The initial ‘shock-and-forget’ attitude made place for increased attention for anticoagulation, and in turn, broader vascular risks were recognised. In a nutshell, the adage eventually became: ‘look beyond the ECG, treat the patient’.
An ontology enabled internet of things framework in intelligent agriculture for preventing post-harvest losses
Authors: Sanjeevi P. , Siva Kumar B. , Prasanna S. , Maruthupandi J. , Manikandan R. , Baseera A.
Published: August 2020

Constituting the agriculture solid substance manufacture, the post-harvest sector processing schema is direct to preventing reduce the losses in intelligent agriculture. Many processing schemata will be preventing post-harvest losses on the agriculture solid substance manufacture, especially sekai-ichi apple is the regularly used fruit also used to make active in human-related activities of the sensory and control function consisting of an agricultural industry. Sekai-ichi apple is being a definite number of diseases induce, but it is to the highest degree of wastage involving in the Post-Harvest process. Especially sekai-ichi apple count loss is an unsafe many time because it not critically post-harvest. Regardless of consideration, the existing hierarchical model specified post-harvest losses prevention research has deficiencies to precise and quick detection of wastage for ensuring healthy separation of agriculture surroundings. This paper suggests a “Hierarchical Model within Ontology Enabled IoT” for distinguishable healthy separation of sekai-ichi apple by using Boosted Continuous Non-spatial whole Attribute Extraction (BCNAE). Sekai-ichi apple count loss is always safe on critically post-harvest. Proposed Post-Harvest hierarchical model specified post-harvest losses prevention and deficiencies to precise and quick detection of wastage for ensuring healthy separation of agriculture surroundings. In these suggestions, the separation cognitive operation takes the three levels of processing schemes such as lower level, middle level, and higher level. Firstly, the lower level is express agreements with the dynamic functioning for maintaining the definite number of manual induces. This lower level showing an absorption with the activity of manual separation by the human reliability determination. Secondly, the middle level is an express arrangement with the dynamic functioning for reducing the overfitting and accommodate to fitting the right shape deliberation. Middle level is establishing being generalized by concentrating the time-varying features in the occurrence of a change for the worse identification. Finally, the upper level is express for features refining with the help of the function of sekai-ichi apple image segmentation connection. This interpretability process helps to make the proven position of a prominent classification in a particular fruit on the agriculture solid substance. These three processing flow constructs the ontology structure with manually collected sekai-ichi apple images from a 3D sensor. The observational consequences express that the proposed BCNAE framework recognizes a detection performance carrying out with an optimized—separation ratio for time-variant of the separation process.
“Show Me the Crowds!” Revealing Cluster Structures Through AMTICS
Authors: Richter Florian , Lu Yifeng , Kazempour Daniyal , Seidl Thomas
Published: August 2020

OPTICS is a popular tool to analyze the clustering structure of a dataset visually. The created two-dimensional plots indicate very dense areas and cluster candidates in the data as troughs. Each horizontal slice represents an outcome of a density-based clustering specified by the height as the density threshold for clusters. However, in very dynamic and rapidly changing applications, a complex and finely detailed visualization slows down the knowledge discovery. Instead, a framework that provides fast but coarse insights is required to point out structures in the data quickly. The user can then control the direction he wants to put emphasize on for refinement. We develop AMTICS as a novel and efficient divide-and-conquer approach to pre-cluster data in distributed instances and align the results in a hierarchy afterward. An interactive online phase ensures a low complexity while giving the user full control over the partial cluster instances. The offline phase reveals the current data clustering structure with low complexity and at any time.
The More We Tinder: Subjects, Selves and Society
Authors: Degen Johanna , Kleeberg-Niepage Andrea
Published: August 2020

Mobile online dating is currently a widespread and important phenomenon in many peoples’ daily lives. Digital applications like Tinder enable users to get in contact with numerous possible partners quickly and with minimal effort often basing their decision on pictures. Research related to mobile online dating so far has focused mostly on users’ specific traits or on their motives to use such applications. But which role does mobile online dating play in peoples’ lives? What does it mean to them? Which desires, emotions and expectations are involved? How does the use of the application influence peoples’ daily activities and how do they relate to this impact? To answer these questions, we (a) reconstructed the architecture of Tinder to understand the characteristics of its functions for the way it is used and the respective consequences, (b) replicated the Tinder Motives Scale (Timmermans & De Caluwe, Comput. Hum. Behav., 70, S. 341–350, 2017)—extended by social and demographic variables and (c) analyzed qualitative interviews with Tinder users about their experiences, their usage and its impact on emotions, thoughts and behaviour. In this article, we show the complexity of mobile online dating beyond presumptions and stereotypes and reveal its inherent economic logic (Weigel, 2018) and acceleration dynamics (Rosa, 2013). Furthermore, we reference people’s narrations and rationalizations to a specific discourse of the self which shapes subjects’ private concept of the self in a particular—liberal and economic—logic (Gergen, 1991, Rose, 1989) and reflect on the subjects’ scopes for action and meaning making.
On-chip pressure measurements and channel deformation after oil absorption
Authors: Hunter Liam , Gala de Pablo Julia , Stammers Ashley C. , Thomson Neil H. , Evans Stephen D. , Shim Jung-uk
Published: August 2020

Microfluidic channels moulded from the soft polymer poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are widely used as a platform for mimicking biological environments, and can be used for the simulation of fluid filled structures such as blood and lung vessels. The control of pressure and flow rate within these structures is vital to mimic physiological conditions. The flexibility of PDMS leads to pressure-induced deformation under flow, leading to variable flow profiles along a device. Here, we investigate the change in Young’s modulus of microfluidic channels due to infiltration of mineral oil, a PDMS permeable fluid, and how this affects the resulting pressure profile using a novel pressure measurement method. We found a 53% decrease in Young’s modulus of PDMS due to mineral oil absorption over the course of 3 h accounted for lower internal pressure and larger channel deformation compared to fresh PDMS at a given flow rate. Confocal fluorescence microscopy used to image channel profiles before and after the introduction of mineral oil showed a change in pressure-induced deformation after infiltration of the oil. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation was used to measure Young’s modulus of PDMS before ($$2.80 \pm 0.03$$

2.80
±
0.03

MPa) and after ($$1.32 \pm 0.04$$

1.32
±
0.04

MPa) mineral oil absorption. Raman spectroscopy showed the infiltration of mineral oil into PDMS from channel walls and revealed the diffusion coefficient of mineral oil in PDMS.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis detection and referral trends: impact treatment options
Authors: Anthony Alison , Zeller Reinhard , Evans Cathy , Dermott Jennifer A.
Published: August 2020

Study design

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Objective

To analyze the patient demographic referred for scoliosis to the Hospital for Sick Children to determine the proportion of patients suitable for brace treatment, as per the Scoliosis Research Society guidelines.

Summary of background data

There is level 1 evidence that bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) decreases the risk of curve progression and need for surgery, but optimal brace treatment requires early curve detection.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 618 consecutive patients who underwent initial assessment in our Spine Clinic between Jan. 1 and Dec. 31, 2014. We included children 10–18 years, with scoliosis greater than 10°, excluding those diagnosed with non-idiopathic curves. Primary outcomes were Cobb angle, menarchal status, and Risser score. We analyzed the effect of specific referral variables (family history, the person who first noticed the curve, and geographic location of residence) on presenting curve magnitude.

Results

During the study period, 335 children met the inclusion criteria, with an average age of 14.1 ± 1.8 years and a mean Cobb angle of 36.8 ± 14.5°. Brace treatment was indicated in 17% of patients; 18% had curves beyond optimal curve range for bracing (> 40°), and 55% were skeletally mature, therefore not brace candidates. The majority of curves (54%) were first detected by the patient or family member and averaged 7° more than curves first detected by a physician. A family history of scoliosis made no difference to curve magnitude, nor did geographic location of residence.

Conclusion

The majority of AIS patients present too late for effective management with bracing.

Level of evidence

III.
The Impact of Socio-environmental Barriers on the Process of Engagement in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs
Authors: Jahandideh Sepideh , Kendall Elizabeth , Low-Choy Samantha , Donald Kenneth , Jayasinghe Rohan , Barzegari Ebrahim
Published: August 2020

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a multi-disciplinary intervention designed to stabilise, slow, or reverse CVD, restore health following a cardiac event and facilitate the prevention of further events. The Model of Therapeutic Engagement (MTE) is a comprehensive conceptual model for explaining the process of engagement in rehabilitation. Of concern is that the role of socio-environmental factors is absent from explaining individual engagement in the MTE. There is also a lack of prospective studies investigating the impact of socio-environmental barriers on engagement in CR programs over time. This study aimed to expand the MTE, by illuminating the role of socio-environmental barriers in a three-stage process of engagement in CR programs. A prospective study was conducted, with 217 individuals recruited from the Cardiology Ward in the Gold Coast University Hospital (GCUH) and the Robina Cardiac Rehabilitation Centre. The collected data were examined using a structural equation model that added socio-environmental factors into the MTE, using multi-group analyses. In this study, we found that socio-environmental factors were not associated with intention to engage in the CR program, but were related to actual attendance and maintenance of participation in CR programs. Knowing how these socio-environmental barriers affect the process of engagement at different stages may help to tailor more accessible CR programs for the population.
Simple nudges that are not so easy
Authors: DE RIDDER DENISE , FEITSMA JORAM , VAN DEN HOVEN MARIËTTE , KROESE FLOOR , SCHILLEMANS THOMAS , VERWEIJ MARCEL , VENEMA TINA , VUGTS ANASTASIA , DE VET EMELY
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we critically review three assumptions that govern the debate on the legitimacy of nudging interventions as a policy instrument: (1) nudges may violate autonomous decision-making; (2) nudges lend themselves to easy implementation in public policy; and (3) nudges are a simple and effective mean for steering individual choice in the right direction. Our analysis reveals that none of these assumptions are supported by recent studies entailing unique insights into nudging from three disciplinary outlooks: ethics, public administration and psychology. We find that nudges are less of a threat to autonomous choice than critics sometimes claim, making them ethically more legitimate than often assumed. Nonetheless, because their effectiveness is critically dependent on boundary conditions, their implementation is far from easy. The findings of this analysis thus suggest new opportunities for identifying when and for whom nudge interventions are preferable to more conventional public policy arrangements.
Select document: A settlement between the canons of St Thomas's Abbey, Dublin, and Walter de Lacy concerning the church of Ardmulchan granted to the canons by Theobald Walter
Authors: Flanagan Marie Therese
Published: August 2020

A hitherto unpublished text of a negotiated settlement between Walter de Lacy, lord of Meath (d. 1241), and the canons of St Thomas's Abbey, Dublin, relating to the church of Ardmulchan in County Meath sheds new light both on the career of Theobald Walter I (d. 1205), ancestor of the Butler earls of Ormond, and on the dealings of John, son of King Henry II of England, with his Irish lordship during the period 1185–99 for which sources are scarce. It indicates that not only in Leinster, but also in Meath, John encroached on the seigneurial rights of Anglo-Norman landholders.
‘The first of the small nations’: the significance of central European small states in Irish nationalist political rhetoric, 1918–22
Authors: Zách Lili
Published: August 2020

Offering new insights into Irish links with the wider world, this article explores and contextualises Irish nationalist perceptions of and links with central European small states in the immediate aftermath of the First World War. The belief that any small nation like Ireland, oppressed by a dominant neighbour, had the right to self-determination was of key importance in nationalist political rhetoric during the revolutionary years. Given the similarity of circumstances among newly independent small states, Irish commentators were aware of the struggles Ireland shared with the successors of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Personal encounters on the continent, as well as news regarding small nations in central Europe, shaped Irish opinions of the region. Certainly, the images presented by Irish commentators reflected their own political agendas and were therefore often deliberately idealistic. Nonetheless, they served a specific purpose as they were meant to further Ireland's interest on the international stage. Looking beyond Ireland for lessons and examples to follow became a frequent part of Irish nationalist political rhetoric. By directing scholarly attention to a hitherto less explored aspect of Irish historiography, this article aims to highlight the complexity of Ireland's connection with the continent within the framework of small nations, from a transnational perspective.
Addressing the Irish world: Éamon de Valera's ‘Cuban policy’ as a global case study
Authors: Gannon Darragh
Published: August 2020

Writing inNationalist revolutionaries in Ireland, 1858–1928, Tom Garvin observed that ‘well over 40 per cent, perhaps 50 per cent, had lived outside Ireland for considerable periods … foreign experience was very important in the development of the leaders’. The impact of ‘foreign experience’ on leading nationalist revolutionaries, this article submits,paceGarvin, could have proved influential in the development of the Irish Revolution more widely. Between June 1919 and December 1920, Éamon de Valera toured the United States. From New York City to Salt Lake City, Alabama to Montana, the self-proclaimed president of the Irish republic addressed ‘Ireland’ in hundreds of interviews and speeches. Of these myriad public statements, his Cuban missive, notably, crossed national boundaries. Comparing Ireland's geo-strategic relationship with Great Britain to that of Cuba and the United States, de Valera's argument for an independent Irish republic was made in the Americas. How did de Valera's movement across the U.S. alter his political views of Ireland? How were presentations of de Valera's ‘Cuban policy’ mediated across the ‘Irish world’? How did discourse on the Monroe Doctrine inform Anglo-Irish negotiations between Truce and Treaty? Exploring de Valera's ‘Cuban policy’ as global case study, this article concludes, ultimately, can shift the historiographical significance of ‘foreign experience’ from nationalist revolutionaries in Ireland to the flows and circulation of transnational revolution.
‘The Irish and the Jews have a good deal in common’: Irish republicanism, anti-Semitism and the post-war world
Authors: Hanley Brian
Published: August 2020

This article examines how anti-Semitism influenced republican politics in revolutionary Ireland. It looks at Irish republican attitudes toward Jews, including examples of anti-Semitism. Jews were a visible minority in Ireland and one that was sometimes seen as unionist politically. This article illustrates how conspiracy theories about Jewish influence sometimes featured in Irish nationalist tropes, but were far more common in British and unionist discourses regarding events in Ireland. It also shows how individual Jews took part in revolutionary activities, even as some republicans expressed suspicion about them. Outside Ireland, Irish revolutionaries interacted with Jews in several locations, particularly the United States. There was often cooperation in these settings and both groups expressed solidarity towards one another.
An Isotopic and Morphometric Examination of Island Dogs (Canis familiaris): Comparing Dietary and Mobility Patterns in the Precolumbian Caribbean
Authors: Shev Gene T. , Laffoon Jason E. , Grouard Sandrine , Hofman Corinne L.
Published: August 2020

In precolumbian insular Caribbean archaeological sites, domestic dog (Canis familiaris) remains have been recovered from varied contexts, such as formal burials, in refuse deposits, and as modified artifacts, indicating their complex and multifaceted role within indigenous societies. In this study, isotopic and morphometric analyses provide biochemical and morphological correlations to assess this differential treatment. We examined collagen values (n = 21) of carbon (δ13Cco) and nitrogen (δ15N), and enamel values (n = 81) of carbon (δ13Cen), oxygen (δ18Oen), and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) of dog remains from 16 precolumbian sites. Five comparative parameters were used to assess dietary variations between different groups: buried versus nonburied, local versus nonlocal, Greater versus Lesser Antilles, chronology, and modified versus unmodified remains. The only statistically significant difference in diets was between local and nonlocal dogs. Sufficient data were available to conduct isotopic mixing models using the FRUITS statistical program on four individuals for which depositional and morphological data were available. Results of dietary modeling indicate an unexpectedly heavy reliance on plant foods consistent with intentional feeding. This approach highlights the utility of combining isotope analysis, dietary models, morphometrics, and depositional context to provide comprehensive biographic overviews of individual animals.
Policy for science by ballot or by roll call?
Authors: Ralston Jonah J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract

This study compares stem cell research policymaking by legislators and citizens in the United States. First, using exit poll results from a 2006 stem cell research initiative in Missouri, the study finds that deeply held personal values such as religious beliefs and views of abortion predominate in an individual’s voting decision on this issue; second, an analysis of voting behavior by senators on the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005 finds that senators make their voting decisions based on their personal policy preferences rather than their constituents’ preferences; and third, the complexity of the Missouri citizen initiative is compared with that of the legislation in the U.S. Senate, finding that the language of the citizen initiative is more sophisticated than the language of the legislative act. These findings provide the context for a broader discussion of the role of citizens and legislators in making policy for science.
Association between coffee consumption and functional disability in older US adults
Authors: Wang Tong , Wu Yili , Wang Weijing , Zhang Dongfeng
Published: August 2020

The effect of coffee consumption on functional disability has been scarcely investigated. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between coffee consumption and functional disability in older American adults. Participants (≥60 years old, n 7704) were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016. Coffee consumption was assessed through two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Five domains of functional disability including lower extremity mobility (LEM), general physical activity (GPA), leisure and social activities (LSA), activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were self-reported. Age- and multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used. Total coffee consumption was inversely associated with LEM, GPA, LSA and IADL disability. Compared with non-drinkers of total coffee, those who consumed ≥2 cups/d reported lower odds of LEM (OR 0·67, 95 % CI 0·50, 0·91), GPA (OR 0·65, 95 % CI 0·47, 0·88), LSA (OR 0·61, 95 % CI 0·45, 0·83) and IADL (OR 0·59, 95 % CI 0·44, 0·78) disability. The dose–response analyses confirmed these relationships. Intake of ≥2 cups/d caffeinated coffee was also inversely linked to GPA (OR 0·67, 95 % CI 0·48, 0·92), LSA (OR 0·66, 95 % CI 0·46, 0·93) and IADL (OR 0·57, 95 % CI 0·43, 0·75) disability, whereas the inverse association of 2+ cups/d decaffeinated coffee was only on LEM (OR 0·43, 95 % CI 0·23, 0·81) and LSA (OR 0·39, 95 % CI 0·16, 0·94) disability. The present study suggested that coffee consumption was inversely associated with functional disability in older American adults. Those associations of diverse coffee types differed across domains of functional disability.