bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Tensile Response of Basalt Fibre Grids for Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) Strengthening Systems
Authors: Milling Amrita , Amato Giuseppina , Taylor Su , Moreira Pedro , Braga Daniel
Published: November 2024

Understanding the mechanical properties of the grid component of textile-reinforced mortars (TRM) is critical because they directly influence the behaviour and strengthening capabilities of the composite. This study explored the dynamic tensile behaviour of a bi-directional basalt fibre grid using a high-speed servo-hydraulic direct tensile testing machine with specialised grips. Failure mode and deformation were captured with a high-speed camera. Tensile strain values were extracted from the recorded images using a Matlab computer vision tool - 'vision.PointTracker'. Specimen sizes of one and four rovings were tested at intermediate (1-8/s) and quasi-static (10-3/s) strain rates for comparison. After the tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to examine the microscopic failure of the grid. Linear and non-linear stress-strain behaviours were observed in the range of 10-3 to 1/s and 4 to 8/s, respectively. Increased strain rate enhanced tensile strength, ultimate strain, toughness, and elastic modulus. Overall, the dynamic increase factors for these properties, except for the elastic modulus, were between 1.4 and 2.3. At the macroscopic level, the grid generally failed in a brittle manner. However, microscopic analysis revealed that the fibre and polymer coating were strain rate sensitive. The enhanced tensile performance of the grid under dynamic loading circumstances makes it suitable for retrofitting structures prone to extreme loading conditions.
The Epidemiology of Chagas Disease in the United States of America
Authors: Klotz Stephen A
Published: November 2024

The epidemiology of Chagas disease in humans has markedly changed within the past several decades in the United States of America. This report discusses autochthonous cases of Chagas disease and disease in immigrants from Latin American countries. Directions for epidemiology research and medical care are discussed given the evolving epidemiology of the disease in the United States of America.
RESEARCH OF PHASE FORMATION IN TRANSPARENT GLASS-CERAMIC PROTECTIVE COATINGS FOR CERAMOGRANITE
Authors: Pokroieva Yana , Savvova Oksana , Fesenko Oleksii
Published: November 2024

The perspective of the development and introduction of porcelain stoneware by domestic producers using natural raw materials from the subsoil of Ukraine for the needs of the raw material and fuel-energy complex in the conditions of military operations has been established. The need to create new types of ceramic granite was determined, taking into account new approaches, regarding the use of alternative raw materials and modern technological principles of creating nanostructured glass materials. The purpose and tasks of the work are formulated, which determine the need to study the structure and phase composition of porcelain stoneware under the conditions of high-speed heat treatment. A hypothesis has been formulated regarding the production of transparent wear-resistant protective coatings based on high-calcium alkaline aluminosilicate frits, which consists in the possibility of forming a strengthened optically transparent sytalized glass structure with a high-speed heat treatment mode and the flow of surface crystallization to ensure a wear-resistant structure of the 4th degree. The processes of phase formation that take place during the heat treatment of the base frit and the protective coating for porcelain stoneware have been studied and the priority role of the metastable phase separation of glass in the formation of the sytalized structure has been determined. It was established that the formation of crystallization nuclei by means of metastable phase separation allows for the formation of a sytalized structure of the protective coating for ceramic granite with the content of crystalline phases of anorthite with a size smaller than the wavelength in the visible part of the spectrum and α-corundum in the near-surface layers of the glaze, which simultaneously ensures optical transparency and wear resistance of the developed coating. Transparent glass-ceramic coatings with high operational properties, developed and implemented in the production conditions of PrJSC «KhPZ», will significantly increase the competitiveness of domestic ceramic tiles and contribute to the stabilization of the market in the conditions of sustainable development of the state.
Assessing the Complex Impact of Smoking Habits on Allergic Rhinitis: A National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shin Jae-Min , Jeong Yujin , Kim Jaehyeong , Lee Juhyun , Kim Tae Hoon
Published: November 2024

Objectives. Allergic rhinitis (AR) significantly impacts quality of life and incurs socioeconomic costs. The influence of smoking habits, including the use of conventional cigarettes (CCs) and electronic cigarettes (ECs), on the prevalence and management of AR remains a subject of debate. This study aims to explore the association between smoking status (CC and EC use) and the prevalence and management of AR among Koreans by analyzing data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII (2018) and VIII (2019–2021).Methods. This cross-sectional study involved 22,290 participants aged 19 years and older from the KNHANES. Participants self-reported their smoking status, and urinary cotinine levels were measured to assess nicotine exposure. We employed statistical analyses, including logistic regression, to examine the relationships between smoking status, cotinine levels, and the prevalence and management of AR.Results. In univariable logistic regression analysis, EC users exhibited a 35.8% increased risk of AR compared to non-smokers, whereas CC users experienced a 27.7% reduced risk. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a 20.3% lower risk of AR among CC users; however, no significant association was observed for EC users. Higher cotinine levels (>500 ng/mL) were associated with a lower prevalence of AR. Specifically, heavy CC users with high cotinine levels demonstrated a 35% reduced risk of AR. Nonetheless, after adjusting for confounders, this association was no longer significant, indicating that other variables might influence this relationship.Conclusion. Smoking status is associated with the prevalence of AR in Koreans. Notably, heavy use of CCs is negatively correlated with the prevalence of AR.
Clinical Outcomes After 1 and 2-Level Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty
Authors: Marnay Thierry P. , Geneste Guillaume Y. , Edgard-Rosa Gregory W. , Grau-Ortiz Martin M. , Hirsch Caroline C. , Negre Georges G.
Published: November 2024

Background:

In this study, we expand the supportive evidence for total disc arthroplasty (TDA) with results up to 21 years in a large patient cohort who received a semiconstrained ball-and-socket lumbar prosthesis. The objectives of the study were to compare the results for 1 versus 2-level surgeries and to evaluate whether prior surgery at the index level(s) impacts clinical outcomes.

Methods:

From 1999 to 2013, 1,187 patients with chronic lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) underwent lumbar TDA, of whom 772 underwent a 1-level procedure and 415 underwent a 2-level procedure. A total of 373 (31.4%) of the 1,187 patients had prior index-level surgery. Patients were evaluated preoperatively; at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively; and yearly thereafter. The follow-up duration ranged from 7 to 21 years (mean, 11 years and 8 months). Collected data included radiographic, neurological, and physical assessments, as well as self-evaluations using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain. Perioperative data points, complication rates, and reoperation or revision rates were also assessed. Patients were divided into 4 groups: 1-level TDA with no prior surgery at the index level, 1-level TDA with prior surgery, 2-level TDA with no prior surgery, and 2-level TDA with prior surgery.

Results:

All groups showed dramatic reduction in the ODI at 3 months postoperatively and maintained these scores over time. Although VAS pain did not diminish to its final level as rapidly for patients with prior surgery, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of pain reduction at 24 months postoperatively. Of 1,187 patients, 49 (4.13%) required either a new surgery at another level or revision or reoperation at the index level. Rates were too low in all groups to compare them statistically. Total TDA revision and adjacent-level surgery rates over 7 to 21 years were very low (0.67% and 1.85%, respectively).

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates the robust long-term clinical success of 1 and 2-level lumbar TDA as assessed at 7 to 21 years postoperatively in one of the largest evaluated cohorts of patients with TDA. Patients had dramatic and maintained reductions in disability and pain scores over time and low rates of index-level revision or reoperation and adjacent-level surgery relative to published long-term fusion data. Additionally, patients who underwent 1-level lumbar TDA and those who underwent 2-level TDA demonstrated equivalent improvement, as did patients with prior surgery at the index level and those with no prior surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Biodegradability Analysis of Biodegradable foam Combination of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber and Cassava Starch Based Pineapple Peel During Storage
Authors: Destiana Irna Dwi , Salsabila Raden Naisha , Aprilliani Fenny , Suhartono Roni
Published: November 2024

Biodegradable foam (biofoam) adalah pengemas yang dibuat dari biopolymer berupa pati dan serat yang memungkinkan alam mengubah sifatnya menjadi lebih mudah terurai. Sifatnya yang mudah diubah dan mudah terurai, pati singkong dapat menjadi alternatif untuk bahan pembuatannya. Pati singkong memiliki kekurangan dari segi kekuatan dan fleksibilitas, dapat menggunakan serat alami seperti ampas tebu dan kulit nanas. Kadar air merupakan aspek utama dalam menilai mutu biofoam karena berhubungan dengan daya tahan produk tersebut. Nilai kadar air berkaitan erat pada proses degradasi suatu kemasan ramah lingkungan, sehingga kajian terkait kadar air kemasan dan daya urai selama penyimpanan perlu untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami sifat kadar air kemasan biofoam selama penyimpanan dan daya urai kemasan biofoam. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini terdiri dari pembuatan serat ampas tebu dan kulit nanas, serta pembuatan biofoam. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini yaitu perbedaan kombinasi serat ampas tebu dan kulit nanas (b/b) (5%:25%, 10%:20%, 15%:15%, 20%:10%, dan 25%:5% ) sebanyak 3 kali ulangan, dengan metode pembuatan secara baking process. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa variasi kombinasi ampas tebu dan kulit nanas memberikan pengaruh nyata pada kadar air selama penyimpanan dan daya urai kemasan selama penyimpanan. Penurunan kadar air meningkat seiring lama waktu penyimpanan. Semakin lama waktu pengamatan yang digunakan maka semakin rendah nilai kadar air dan semakin tinggi persentase daya urai pada biofoam.
Kata kunci: Baking Process, Biodegradable foam (biofoam), Pati Singkong, Serat Ampas Tebu, Serat Kulit Nanas.
MANIFESTACIONES ORALES DE LA VIRUELA SÍMICA (MPX). UNA REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA
Authors: Cárdenas Machuca Harvy Yassbeck , Marchena Gómez Xiomara Nicole , Araucano Huaman Leyla Ruth , Coanqui Astete Melany Daniela , Mezarina Mendoza Jhon Paul Iakov
Published: November 2024

La viruela símica es una enfermedad viral que afecta a animales y humanos, similar a la viruela　humana. Fue descubierta en 1958 en macacos en Dinamarca y en humanos en 1970, en el　Congo, principalmente presente en las selvas de África central y occidental. Objetivo: Identificar　las principales manifestaciones orales de la viruela símica mediante una revisión de la literatura.　Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una investigación y recopilación de información bibliográfica　especializadas en el tema, en buscadores científicos como PubMed, Medline, EBSCO, LILACS,　Elsevier. Resultados: La revisión se realizó a base de 49 artículos encontrados que cumplieron los　criterios de selección. Conclusión: La viruela del mono africana preocupa globalmente por casos　en el hemisferio occidental. Síntomas en 2-4 semanas, principalmente en la cavidad oral: úlceras　en labios y mucosa, que afectan la nutrición. Riesgo mayor en niños, adultos jóvenes y personas　inmunodeficientes. Síntomas: fiebre, inflamación de ganglios y dolores musculares, en etapas　preeruptiva　y eruptiva.
Acceso a medicamentos y satisfacción con la atención recibida en usuarios de establecimientos de salud del Perú
Authors:   , Olivera Molina Valeria Gianell , Maita Durand Juan Carlo
Published: November 2024

Objetivos. Estimar la asociación entre el acceso a los medicamentos y el nivel de satisfacción con la atención recibida, en usuarios de establecimientos de salud del Perú, durante el 2016. Métodos. Se llevo a cabo un análisis secundario de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional De Satisfacción De Usuarios En Salud (ENSUSALUD) 2016. La variable independiente fue el “acceso a los medicamentos” en la farmacia del establecimiento de salud y la variable dependiente fue la “satisfacción con la atención recibida”. Se usaron modelos crudos y ajustados de regresión logística ordinal con la finalidad de estimar odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confianza al 95 % (IC 95 %). El diseño muestral de la encuesta se contempló en los resultados. Resultados. Se incluyeron datos de 10,386 usuarios de establecimientos de salud. Luego de recibir atención en el establecimiento de salud, el 19,6 % tuvo un acceso parcial a los medicamentos y el 6,8 % no tuvo acceso, mientras que el 6 % se sintió insatisfecho por la atención recibida. Los usuarios con acceso parcial a los medicamentos presentaron 87 % más probabilidad de mayor insatisfacción (RP: 1,87; IC 95 %: 1,56–2,23), mientras que los usuarios sin acceso a los medicamentos presentaron 51 % más probabilidad de mayor insatisfacción (RP: 1,51; IC 95 %: 1,06–2,16), en comparación con los usuarios con acceso total a los medicamentos, ajustado por variables de confusión como : grupo etario, nivel educativo, procedencia, sistema de salud, enfermedad crónica, explicación del médico, cita previa y tiempo de espera. Conclusiones. Los usuarios que tuvieron menor acceso a los medicamentos en las farmacias de los establecimientos de salud de Perú de Ministerio de Salud y Seguro Social de Salud presentaron mayor insatisfacción con la atención recibida.
Desarrollo de un sistema web para mejorar el proceso de atención al cliente en la empresa Inkacueros
Authors:   , Monzon Villa Carlos Eduardo
Published: November 2024

La siguiente investigación ha tenido el objetivo de estructurar y desarrollar un sistema web que permite la mejora del proceso de interacción con el cliente de la empresa INKACUEROS, permitiendo que las consultas y la gestión de pedidos sean atendidas en un menor tiempo para satisfacción del cliente. Se trabajó bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptiva y con un diseño cuasi experimental; se tuvo solo un grupo de comparación y un cuestionario que fue revisado por profesionales expertos. En la muestra se configuró la participación de clientes y colaboradores. Como resultados se mostraron una influencia de mejora significativa en el proceso de atención al cliente. El análisis y la evaluación en los resultados utilizó la prueba T para validar las hipótesis, y se obtuvo como resultado un sig. < 0.001, lo cual permitió aprobar los objetivos e hipótesis. Finalmente, los usuarios pueden agilizar las consultas de los productos y hacer ordenes de pedidos de manera libre y en línea, mejorando el proceso de atención e incrementando la recepción y atención de pedidos en un 90% en promedio.
CO2 Adsorption onto Water-Bearing Shale: Insights from Molecular Dynamics and Implications on CO2 Prestorage Fracturing
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhao Chi , Qin Weibo , Guo Shiyuan , Xu Xingguang , Huang Shuyue
Published: November 2024

Hydraulic fracturing coupled with CO2 injection or CO2 prestorage fracturing is a pivotal technique for enhancing shale oil recovery. Besides, geological CO2 storage offers a feasible solution for mitigating global warming. However, after hydraulic fracturing, the shale matrix is in a water-bearing environment. The complex mechanisms associated with the impact of the injected CO2 on shale oil recovery in the water-bearing kerogen matrix remain unclear. In this work, we explored the adsorption mechanism of five representative components of shale oil in water-bearing kerogen through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, which may provide useful microscopic insights for industrial CO2 prestorage fracturing. Our research revealed that CO2 could decrease the adsorption capacity of n-octane (OCT; saturated alkanes), thiophene (THIOP), and naphthalene rings (NAPs; aromatic hydrocarbons) onto the kerogen, which consequently improved the recovery of these components. Conversely, the adsorption capacity of pyridine (PYR) and n-octadecanoic acid (STE) was boosted upon the CO2 introduction. This could be attributed to the fact that after CO2 injection, both the quantity and the lifetime of hydrogen bonds between these two components and kerogen were increased. The interaction energy between these two components and the water-bearing kerogen also increased, which was in-line with the changes in molecular van der Waals (vdW) surface electrostatic potential (ESP) and the spatial distribution function (SDF). In addition, to reveal the deeper mechanism, the interactions between the specific sites or functional groups on the kerogen and the different components are analyzed to predict the intermolecular charge transfer. It is believed this work may offer useful insights into the design and implementation of CO2 prestorage fracturing for improved shale oil recovery and CO2 geological storage.
Plasma-Aided Direct Printing of Silver Nanoparticle Conductive Structures on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces
Authors: Jalajamony Harikrishnan Muraleedharan , Aliyana Akshaya Kumar , De Soumadeep , Diallo Fatima , Stylios George , Fernandez Renny
Published: November 2024

We report plasma-aided printing of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) conductive lines on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces- a key advancement in stretchable electronic circuits for wearable devices. This low-temperature process enables the direct printing of conductive structures on PDMS, making it compatible with current manufacturing practices for wearable electronics. Our study not only proposes a new plasma-aided method but also establishes its feasibility for printing conductive silver nanoparticle (AgNP) lines that are centimeters in length, capable of withstanding thousands of cycles of dynamic stretching and bending. Through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, we established a clear relationship between the crystallinity of the printed AgNP nanostructures and plasma treatment parameters. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing plasma conditions to preserve the structural integrity and adhesion of the printed structures, thereby improving their stretchability and durability. Additionally, post-deposition inert plasma treatment was shown to enhance both the electrical conductivity and mechanical performance of the printed conductive lines. This multi-stage plasma treatment approach effectively produces durable and reliable electronic components tailored for wearable technology applications.
Digital Transformation Project Risks Assessment Using Hybrid Picture Fuzzy Distance Measure-Based Additive Ratio Assessment Method
Authors: Rani Pratibha , Mishra Arunodaya Raj , Alrasheedi Adel Fahad , Pamucar Dragan , Marinkovic Dragan
Published: November 2024

Digital transformation (DT) has become vital for companies to persist competitive in the recent ever-changing technological environment. It is integration of digital technologies into all disciplines of business from regular activities to strategic decision making. Risk management planning requires the projects to assess the possible risks that may negatively or positively affect the DT project. The purpose of the study is to introduce a hybridized decision support system (DSS) by combining the distance measure, ranking comparison (RANCOM) model and additive ratio assessment (ARAS) approach in the context of picture fuzzy set. In this framework, the decision experts’ significance values are computed using picture fuzzy score function-based formula. With the combination of objective weight using distance measure and subjective weight through RANCOM model, a combined weight-determining approach is developed to determine the significance values of considered DT risks under picture fuzzy environment, while a hybrid ARAS model is developed to evaluate and rank the DT projects from risks perspective. To exhibit the feasibility of introduced framework, a case study of DT projects assessment problem is discussed in the context of picture fuzzy sets. Sensitivity study is discussed over different values of strategy coefficient, which confirms the strength of the proposed model. Further, comparison with existent picture fuzzy information-based methods is presented to approve the robustness of the developed decision-making framework.
Evidence of a de novo variant in FBN1:p.(Ala882Val) as the cause of congenital bilateral ectopia lentis in a crossbred horse
Authors: Esdaile Elizabeth , Houston Kristopher , Till Bradley J. , Scurrell Emma , Ling Max , Hartley Claudia , Bellone Rebecca R.
Published: November 2024

Background: Although several inherited ocular disorders have been extensively studied in horses, few reports of equine ectopia lentis exist and no genetic investigations have been performed. Ectopia lentis in humans and other species is reported to be caused by trauma, genetic variants, and systemic diseases. The most commonly reported genetic causes are dominant variants in FBN1. Here we examined a 3-day old Oldenburg x Thoroughbred colt due to concerns over bilateral ocular anomalies and hypothesized that either a recessively inherited variant or a dominant de novo mutation that occurred in the affected horse was the genetic cause.
Results: Examination revealed bilateral microphakia and spherophakia with medioventral lens subluxation. Histopathology of the globes was consistent with ectopia lentis. Whole genome sequencing of the affected foal was conducted, and forty-six candidate genes were evaluated for SNPs and small INDELS. Testing both hypotheses, 82 variants were identified, of which 69 were present in publicly available data from 504 horses and not investigated further. Of the 13 remaining variants, two variants were found in 3’ UTRs (ADAMTS17 and OAF), ten were intronic, and one was a coding variant located in fibrillin-1 (FBN1) (FBN1:p.(Ala882Val)). This variant was also computationally predicted to be deleterious to protein function. The affected foal was confirmed by Sanger sequencing to be heterozygous for this variant and his clinically unaffected dam and reportedly unaffected sire and five paternal half-siblings were homozygous for the reference allele. Additionally, this same substitution is reported to be pathogenic, causing Marfan syndrome in humans with a dominant mode of inheritance, of which ectopia lentis is a common feature.
Conclusion: These findings support the de novo hypothesis with the variant FBN1:p.(Ala882Val) as the likely cause of ectopia lentis in this foal. This is the first report of ectopia lentis caused by a genetic variant in the horse. Given the role of FBN1 in ectopia lentis in humans and other species, FBN1 should be evaluated as a potential candidate when other horses with this condition are identified.
Precise amplification-free detection of highly structured RNA with an enhanced SCas12a assay
Authors: liu yi
Published: November 2024

The CRISPR/Cas12a system has revolutionized molecular diagnostics; however, its application in directly detecting complex structured RNA remains challenging. Recently, we have developed a RNA detection method called SCas12a, which exhibits high sensitivity and efficiency in detecting RNA molecules devoid of intricate secondary structures. Here, we present an enhanced SCas12a assay (SCas12aV2) that facilitates precise amplification-free detection of highly structured RNA molecules. Our approach reengineers the split Cas12a system by optimizing the scaffold RNA length and targeting asymmetric RNA structures, thereby minimizing steric hindrance. We observe that utilization of a dsDNA-ssDNA hybrid DNA activator significantly enhances both the sensitivity and kinetics compared to those achieved using traditional ssDNA or dsDNA activators. The SCas12aV2 assay demonstrates exceptional sensitivity, with a limit of detection reaching 246 aM for pooled activators and 10 pM for single-site targeting. It also exhibits high specificity for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and successfully identifies viable bacterial populations and SARS-CoV-2 infections from clinical samples. The assay's versatility is further highlighted by its applicability to various Cas12a orthologs, including the thermostable CtCas12a. This work offers a significant advance in molecular diagnostics, enhancing the potential for accurate and efficient RNA detection.
Neutrophil-related indicators as potential peripheral blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tang Yijie , Yang Dandan , Zhang Jiaqin , Shen Lingyun , Xie Qinghui , Luo Qingqiong
Published: November 2024

Background: Neurosyphilis (NS) is the most serious complication elicited by the invasion of Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) into the central nervous system. Identifying the neuro-invasion of T. pallidum as early as possible is important. Looking for indicators with good performance and convenient to operate is in great demand for the diagnosis of NS.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 428 syphilis patients who underwent therapy in Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital from April 2022 to June 2023. The syphilis patients were further grouped into non-neurosyphilis (NNS), asymptomatic neurosyphilis (ANS) and symptomatic syphilis (SNS). Laboratory examination results of these patients were analyzed.
Results: Significantly elevated neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) index and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were observed in ANS and SNS patients compared with those of NNS patients. nCD64 index and NLR were strongly correlated with serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TRUST titer, CSF WBC and CSF protein levels in NS patients. nCD64 index and NLR were independent factors influencing NS, especially ANS. Logistic regression models based on nCD64 index, NLR and serum TRUST titer exhibited better diagnostic performances to the currently used markers in NS diagnosis. Particularly, for NS patients with negative CSF TRUST, diagnostic performance of the combined nCD64 and NLR was obviously superior to CSF protein and CSF WBC.
Conclusions: Neutrophil-related indicators-nCD64 index and NLR have potential application value in the diagnosis of NS, especially for the CSF TRUST negative patients.
The Role of Renewable Energy in Combating Environmental Degradation in Somalia
Authors: Osman Bashir Mohamed , Shire Said Ali , Ali Farhan Habib
Published: November 2024

Environmental degradation is a pressing global issue with far-reaching consequences for the health of our planet and the well-being of its inhabitants. It is characterized by the deterioration of Earth's natural systems due to factors such as pollution, deforestation, and climate change, leading to biodiversity loss and the depletion of natural resources. Addressing these challenges is essential for maintaining ecological balance and ensuring sustainable practices that mitigate environmental impacts and preserve the planet for future generations. This paper explores the key drivers and impacts of environmental degradation in Somalia, with a focus on economic growth, agricultural expansion, and population growth. Methods: The study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model to examine both long- and short-run relationships between environmental degradation and variables such as economic growth, domestic investment, agricultural land, and population growth. The ARDL model, chosen for its robustness with small sample sizes and flexibility with variable integration, utilizes annual time series data from 1990 to 2020. The model was selected using log-likelihood and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Results and Recommendations: The findings reveal that both long- and short-run estimates show agricultural land expansion as a significant contributor to environmental degradation in Somalia. Economic and population growth further exacerbate the issue, while domestic investment helps mitigate degradation. The study highlights the role of deforestation in biodiversity loss, soil degradation, and climate change. It recommends promoting sustainable agricultural practices such as conservation agriculture and agroforestry to curb deforestation and promote environmental sustainability.
Effect of Health Education on Knowledge and Management of Tuberculosis among Patent Medicine Vendors in Rural Local Government Areas in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Udeh Simon C. , Emelumadu Obiageli F. , Ogbonna Brian O. , Udeh Susan C. , Eneh Blessing N. , Ugwuona Kenneth C. , Nwajei Lucky
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains a serious public health threat to people of all sexes and ages in Nigeria. The world health organization (WHO) global Tuberculosis report 2014, reported that Enugu recorded slight increase in all cases of Tuberculosis and case reporting and finding remains low. Any intervention that could improve the knowledge of tuberculosis and treatment services will definitely to improve case reporting/ finding and reduce the incidence rate.
Therefore, it is important to determine the effect of a health education intervention on knowledge and management of tuberculosis among patent medicine vendors (PMVs) in rural local government area, Enugu State.
METHODS:An educational interventional study was carried out among 400 PMVs in rural LGAs in Enugu state. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select the participants. Thereafter, interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to get the responses of the respondents. Data collected was analyzed using Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Inferential statistics was calculated. The p-value of < 0.05 was considered to be significant.
RESULTS: The results of this study revealed that majority of respondents had age range between 18-51 years, with mean age of 39±13.4 and 40±14.7 respectively. Secondly, Primary and Secondary school were identified as the highest level of education attended by most of the respondents. The results revealed that knowledge of the PMVs on tuberculosis increased from 28.0% (14.1±6.76) at baseline to 96.7% (25.4±5.0) after 3months post-intervention and management knowledge improved from 27.5% (14.1±6.76) at baseline to 97.3% (25.4±5.0) 3 months post-intervention and p value (0.05). This shows that the health education statistically improved knowledge and management skills of the respondents.
CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the level of education positively improved Tuberculosis knowledge among the respondents. Therefore, emphasis should be laid on more training and retraining of PMVs in Enugu and this will improve TB case detection and management.
Epstein-Barr virus induces B cell migration and diapedesis
Authors: Delecluse Henri-Jacques , Delecluse Susanne , Baccianti Francesco , Steffens Alina , poirey remy , Holland-Letz Tim , judt daniel , Drenda Carolin , Zala manon , Sujobert Pierre
Published: November 2024

Infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a major risk factor for the development of cancer and autoimmune disorders. The virus enters the body in the pharynx, but EBV causes disease in distant organs, including the gut and the brain. Here we show that infected B cells display features of homing cells. First, they undergo migration through chemokinesis induced by paracrine CCL4 release and CCR1 activation, two molecules induced by the virus. CCR1 knockout inhibited migration and, unexpectedly, proliferation of infected B cells. Second, migrating EBV-infected cells disrupted the integrity of endothelial barriers and underwent diapedesis very efficiently. This process was again dependent on CCL4 and its ability to induce ICAM-1 on endothelial cells. Migration and diapedesis converged on the FAK kinase whose inhibition blocked cell growth and survival of EBV-transformed B cells, but also their spreading to spleen and brain in an animal model in vivo. Moreover, IL-10 secreted by EBV-infected B cells attracted and facilitated diapedesis of EBV-negative CD52high primary B cells. Among these, CD11c+ cells that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases were preferentially represented. Curbing migration offers an opportunity to reduce the pathogenicity of EBV-infected B cells in diseased individuals.
Aging-Related Increase in Hepatic Microbiota and Glutamine Promotes M2 Polarization of Macrophage in the Aging Liver
Authors: zheng jinping
Published: November 2024

In the aging liver, a distinct senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and a concomitant influx of inflammatory cells are observed. Traditionally considered an immune-privileged site, the etiology of pronounced immune cell infiltration into the liver during senescence remains inadequately understood. The potential contribution of microbial entities to this age-related hepatic inflammation is not well-characterized. Through the analysis of clinical liver specimens and aged murine models, we documented a notable augmentation in hepatic bacterial load that paralleled the progression of aging, concomitant with a marked decline in the diversity of the hepatic microbiome. With advancing senescence, we detected an upregulation of glutamine biosynthesis within the liver. Furthermore, our findings reveal that enhanced glutamine availability preferentially skews macrophage differentiation toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, rather than a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. Utilizing the glutaminase inhibitor BPTES, we demonstrated that attenuation of glutamine catabolism leads to a substantial reduction in both hepatic bacterial abundance and inflammatory cell infiltration, while simultaneously impeding the M2 macrophage polarization. Our study provides new insights into the dynamic relationship between shifts in hepatic microbial populations, glutamine metabolic pathways, and immune regulatory mechanisms throughout liver aging. These findings lay the groundwork for pioneering therapeutic approaches targeting the mitigation of liver pathologies associated with the aging process.
Functionality of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in a population of Beninese pregnant women exposed to malaria
Authors: Souffou Mariama , Dechavanne Célia , Kammoun Zaineb , Viwami Firmine , Gaugué Isabelle , Beldjoudi Naima , Dechavanne Sébastien , Sare Nawal , Garcia André , Dambrun Magalie , Migot-Nabias Florence
Published: November 2024

Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii are two parasitic species affecting humans, that can lead to severe complications for the newborn when contracted during pregnancy. This study explores the cross-reactivity of antibodies specific to both pathogens in pregnant women belonging to population groups either exposed (Benin) or non-exposed (France) to malaria. The antibody response against antigens from both P. falciparum and T. gondii was analysed on plasma samples from the following population groups: PlasDCty (Benin, n = 29), CoaLa (Benin, n = 95) and TOXODIAG (France, n = 24). The antibody functionality was also assessed using P. falciparum in vitro Growth Inhibition Assay (GIA). The results demonstrated that toxoplasmosis seropositive women had higher levels of functional antibodies blocking P. falciparum growth in vitro than toxoplasmosis seronegative women particularly for those with an ongoing malaria infection. Interestingly, women with a concomitance of the two pathogens exhibited an even stronger functional antibody response against P. falciparum than women only seropositive for malaria (p = 0.001). These data suggest that the presence of T. gondii may influence the immune responses against malaria infection by enhancing growth inhibition activity of antibodies. This study provides insight into the immune dynamics of the co-infection by these two apicomplexans with potential implications for the development of cross-protective vaccines and therapies.
The behavior of Tilted RC Beams Under Biaxial Shear and Torsion: A Finite Element Approach
Authors: Majeed Hassan Hussein , Mohaisen Saad Khalaf
Published: November 2024

In recent years, there has been an urgent need to find unconventional solutions to meet the architectural requirements in designs to produce larger spaces using relatively small or proportionate sections that do not negatively affect the aesthetic appearance of the design. From this standpoint, research and study were conducted on inclined beams and the difference between them and regular beams, studying their behavior and capacity and whether the American ACI code specifications apply to them or require a unique code. This research is based on analyzing the behavior of beams under the influence of biaxial shear forces and torsional moments by designing three groups of models to compare them with regular beam models and compare their behavior and the amount of their resistance to loads. Three methods of analysis were used to apply a load; the first method was to apply biaxial shear force, which had eccentricity from the shear center on a notch at the mid-section of the tilted beam to cause biaxial shear and torsion on the longitudinal span. The second method applied pure torsion on the mid-span of the tilted beam, and the third method used a lever system at the mid-span of the tilted beam to cause biaxial shear and torsion. The results of the analysis help to understand the behavior of tilted beams under torsion and the differences between them and the standard beams.
Exploring Pathways between Internalized Weight Bias, Eating Disorder Psychopathology, and Weight Loss Expectations in Treatment-Seeking Adults with Binge Eating and Obesity
Authors: Obleada Katrina , Ortega Adrian , Rooper Isabel , Parsons Leah , Kruger Macarena , Azubuike Chidiebere , Lipman Lindsay , Chen Diane , Wildes Jennifer , Graham Andrea
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Individuals with obesity and binge eating face weight stigma, which can lead to internalized weight bias (IWB), reinforce eating disorder (ED) pathology, and promote unrealistic weight loss expectations (WLE). Greater understanding of pathways between IWB, ED pathology, and WLE could inform interventions to promote healthy WLE and reduce IWB. This study explored pathways through which IWB directly and indirectly relates to eating pathology and WLE in treatment-seeking adults with obesity and recurrent binge eating.
Methods
Participants (N = 199, Mage = 40.3, SD = 14.3) completed the Eating Disorder Examination interview (EDE) and questionnaire (EDE-Q), Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale, and Positive and Negative Affect Scale. WLE were calculated based on participants’ expected weight loss divided by current weight. We hypothesized that greater IWB would be associated with greater eating pathology and higher WLE. Pearson correlations were examined to identify possible pathways, followed by exploring direct and indirect associations for pathways with significant correlations.
Results
IWB was positively correlated with Eating and Shape Concerns, as well as negative affect (p < 0.05), but not with WLE. Negative affect was positively correlated with WLE. In the pathway model, IWB was directly, negatively associated with WLE (b=-0.02, p < 0.05). Negative affect was a significant indirect pathway between IWB and WLE (b = 0.01).
Conclusions
Our results align with previous literature showing that IWB reinforces eating pathology. Interventions targeting negative affect might promote more reasonable WLE.
Effects of grain size distribution on the movement and deposition of granular materials flowing down an inclined channel
Authors: Jan Chyan Deng , Nguyen Le Trang , Dey Litan
Published: November 2024

Understanding the movement and deposition patterns of granular materials is important for understanding the landslides and dry granular flow hazards in mountainous regions. This study investigates the influence of grain size distribution, characterized by median grain size (\(\:{\text{D}}_{\text{50}}\)) and sorting coefficient (\(\:{\text{S}}_{\text{c}}\)), on the moving and deposit characteristics of dry granular materials using an inclined channel coupled with a horizontal tank. The experiments involved measuring the entry speed (\(\:{\text{V}}_{\text{0}}\)), runout distance (\(\:{\text{L}}_{\text{R}}\)), maximum width (\(\:\text{W}\)), and the final deposit shape profiles under varying channel slopes (\(\:\theta\:=\) 25°, 30°, and 35°). To comprehend the influence of grain size distribution and channel slopes on the entry speed, an empirical equation is provided relating \(\:{\text{V}}_{\text{0}}\) to \(\:{\text{D}}_{\text{50}}\), \(\:{\text{S}}_{\text{c}}\), and \(\:\theta\:\:\)using multiple linear regression analysis. The results demonstrate that as the channel slope increases, the runout distance and entry speed increase, while the deposit width decreases. Empirical equations relating the entry speed with the runout distance and maximum width are also provided to further demonstrate the influence of entry speeds on the deposit characteristics. Additionally, the analysis of the grain size distribution within the final deposits revealed a distinct pattern, with coarser grains settling towards the Tail and finer grains accumulating in the Middle and Front. Granular materials with higher \(\:{\text{S}}_{\text{c}}\) exhibit higher grain size segregation, resulting in a more heterogeneous deposit in the horizontal tank. The findings of this study can contribute to improving the understanding and prediction of the mobility and impact of landslides and dry granular flows.
Research on Hertz Contact Theory considering particle shape and contact
Authors: Qiu Zhenfeng , Meng Qi , Lei Ruiyi , Liu Yan
Published: November 2024

In rockfill materials, block stones can fracture and break under high stress levels, causing problems such as cracks or excessive deformation in the project. In the numerical simulation analysis of soil and slope safety,the maximum contact stress criterion is widely used as a standard for judging particle breakage. Currently, the criteria mostly consider the influence of particle size on strength, and the influence on particle shape and contact angle has not been clearly reflected. The single-particle compression tests were conducted on the gypsum ellipsoidal of different sizes and shape under four contact angles, and the strain during the loading process was recorded using DIC technology. The results show that the particles undergo plastic deformation at the loading site, and the shape of the deformation area is related to the particle shape and contact angle. The Hertz contact stress formula has been improved based on the analytical solution of the contact area, which can accurately reflect the influence of particle size, shape, and contact angle on the maximum contact stress. The calculated value is close to the experimental strength, accurately understand the influencing factors of particle crushing strength and improve the applicability of particle fragmentation criteria in engineering applications.
HUB Site Power Optimization for Downlink Microwave Site Protection for Ethio-telecom Network Operator
Authors: Agmas Melkamu Sisay
Published: November 2024

This study investigates secure communication solutions within mobile networks, with a focus on Ethio telecom’s infrastructure in Ethiopia. Hub sites, primarily powered by the Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU) with backup support from diesel generators and batteries, often experience service interruptions during prolonged EEU outages or diesel generator failures. These disruptions affect all downlink connections, underscoring the need for power optimization and effective management of hub sites to safeguard downlink microwave (MW) and radio access network (RAN) units. I propose a controlled DC power distribution system for remote radio units on both ground-based and rooftop towers. Integrating this DC power setup with a network monitoring system and secure access controls aims to enhance hub site power management and ensure the protection of MW and RAN units. The proposed power control method is evaluated, demonstrating its capability to maintain downlink operations until Ethiopian Electric Utility power is restored or generator is repaired.
Optimal Design of Rain-gauge Stations Network to Estimate Rainfall in Non-Gauged Plain and Mountainous Regions
Authors: Zarei Mahdi , Sarvestan Rasoul , Alavinia Seyed Hassan
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, due to the insufficient number of stations for input in hydrological models, it is not possible to simulate runoff and floods for points without stations. Therefore, to solve this problem, rain gauge networks should be designed for these station points. The present research was carried out to design an optimal rain gauge network for rainfall estimation in plain and mountainous regions in northeastern Iran. The R software was utilized to identify extreme events within the study area. Four events (representing all of the identified events) were selected and modeled using the weather research and forecasting model under four schemes, namely Purdue-Lin (Lin), WRF Single-Moment class 3,5 (WSM3, WSM5), and WRF Double-Moment class 6 (WDM6). According to the modeling result, 91 rain gauge stations were required to cover the study area, with the rain gauge stations designed at different distances from the synoptic station. The microphysical Lin scheme produced better accuracy levels for the rainfall modeling, as indicated by false alarm ratio and threat score of 17 and 0.91 for the rain-gauge stations located in the mountainous areas and 9 and 0.83 for the rain-gauge stations located in the plain areas, respectively. The rain-gauge stations located in the mountainous and plain areas tend to give more acceptable accuracies within 6 and 8 km of the main synoptic station, respectively, as indicated by False Alarm Ratio (FAR) of 0.30 and 0, respectively. Generally, Outputs of the rain-gauge network design coupled with future-period (24hr) forecasts enable authorities to become aware of extreme rainfall events and the rainfall data derived from this network can use as input to hydrological models in non-gauged regions.