bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construção e Calibração do Túnel de Vento do Laboratório de Estudos Aerodinâmicos – LEA
Authors: Zani Núñez Gustavo Javier
Published: August 2021

Um Túnel de Vento de baixas velocidades e de circuito aberto foi projetado, construído e calibrado no Departamento de Design e Expressão Gráfica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. O projeto foi concebido visando construção de um equipamento de alta qualidade e de baixo custo para o ensino de Engenharia do Vento e pesquisa acadêmica. O presente artigo apresenta os processos de construção e calibração do Túnel de Vento. O equipamento projetado tem seção transversal quadrada de 0,3m x 0,3m e comprimento de 0,5m. A razão de contração é de 3,36. Duas telas foram são utilizadas para minimizar as perturbações do escoamento na seção de testes. O processo de montagem é apresentado assim como os resultados de calibração da seção de testes do equipamento, que indicaram uma excelente correspondência com os parâmetros inicialmente propostos como premissas do projeto. A velocidade média do vento na seção de testes, sem modelos, é de aproximadamente 19m/s, com ótima uniformidade e com baixa turbulência, demonstrando que o processo de projeto e construção foram executados com êxito.
AUTOMATION AND DIGITALIZATION IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND EVIDENCE GENERATION: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: MAKOLKIN N.N.
Published: August 2021

In this article, the author attempts to consider the processes of automation, digitalization and digitalization in the daily life of a lawyer, and the issue of using these processes in the formation of evidence is outlined. This procedural and procedural issue is disclosed through the prism of substantive law and the designation of specific examples and real situations arising in law enforcement practice and the daily activities of a lawyer. The article also addresses specific issues in the field of compliance and risk assessment associated with both pre-contractual activities and probabilistic assessment of the flow of an abstract legal relationship in the plane of a legal dispute, in particular the assessment of the enforceability of the judgment at the stage of enforcement proceedings based on information about the wealth of the counterparty. In conclusion, the author concludes that even information from open sources can act as a trigger to improve the quality level of preparation of the plan and the algorithm of specific steps of a lawyer, and the further informatization of society makes preliminary information preparation an increasingly important stage in many processes, in particular the process of gathering evidentiary material on a particular dispute.
Alat Pembasmi Hama Tanaman Padi Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler Menggunakan Tegangan Kejut Listrik
Authors: Siregar Devinta Ayu , Hambali Hambali
Published: August 2021

Pada umumnya, pembasmian hama padi dilakukan dengan cara penyemprotan pestisida. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan tanah dan tanaman padi  tercemar.  Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  membuat  alat pembasmi hama otomatis yang ramah lingkungan tanpa menggunakan pestisida. Penelitian ini juga membuat sistem pengaman alat dengan pemberitahuan suara buzzer dan pesan singkat di android. Metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan agar berhasil membuat alat pembasmi hama tanaman padi otomatis menggunakan tegangan kejut listrik dimulai dari perancangan hardware kemudian pengumpulan data dan melakukan penelitian dengan menguji coba alat di sawah untuk melihat keefektifan alat. Pada perancangan ini, mikrokontroler Atmega  328  Arduino  UNO  digunakan  sebagai  pusat  pengendali sistem, sensor  LDR digunakan sebagai pengganti sakelar lampu DC dimalam hari untuk membuat hama mendekat sesuai dengan karakteristiknya yang tertarik dengan cahaya, kemudian tegangan kejut listrik akan aktif setiap 1 menit untuk menyengat hama yang menempel pada jaring kawat yang sudah dibuat, sensor getar sw-420 digunakan untuk mengaktifkan modul GSM dan buzzer ketika seseorang mencuri alat yang sudah terpasang di sawah. Pemrograman menggunakan software Arduino IDE. Berdasarkan hasil  pengujian selama 3 hari, alat pembasmi hama padi ini dapat membasmi 39 hama kepik hitam, penggerek batang padi, dan walang sangit.
Penggunaan Database Mysql dengan Interface PhpMyAdmin sebagai Pengontrolan Smarthome Berbasis Raspberry Pi
Authors: Ramadhan Rizky Fajar , Mukhaiyar Riki
Published: August 2021

Penggunaan Smarthome pada masa modern seperti ini sangat efisien untuk mengendalikan perangkat dan alat-alat rumah tangga. Untuk membuat suatu pengendalian tersebut, dibutuhkan sebuah platform aplikasi sebagai jembatan untuk mengakses sistem yang telah dirancang pada Smarthome tersebut. Dalam penggunaanya database tersebut memerlukan server untuk menyimpan data, dimana server tersebut harus disewa perbulannya dan mengeluarkan biaya yang besar. Maka dari itu sistem penggunaan database MySQL dengan menggunakan Raspberry Pi  sebagai server utama. Dimana Raspberry Pi yang digunakan akan diatur untuk menjadi server publik sehingga bisa diakses secara bebas melalui perangkat yang tersambung dengan internet dimanapun user berada, pengaksesan database ini hanya menggunakan dns public dengan interface phpMyAdmin pada web browser contohnya: raspibroker.ddns.net/phpMyAdmin. Hasilnya penggunaan database tersebut tidak perlu penyewaan server agar bias diakses oleh user melalui perangkat yang memiliki akses internet karena penggunaan server telah diatasi melalui pembuatan server public menggunakan Raspberry Pi, selain memudahkan user dalam mengakses system penggunaan server public dari Raspberry Pi juga menghemat dana.
Perancangan Monitoring Robot Kiper Melalui Access Point Sebagai Media Kendali Robot
Authors: Habibie Ey Afif , Muskhir Mukhlidi
Published: August 2021

seiring berjalan waktu perkembangan teknologi semakin maju yang sebelumnya pengendalian robot dilakukan secara manual yang membuat membuat pergerakan robot menjadi tidak fleksibel dan tidak relevan lagi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut.dengan cara membuat suatu sistem kontrol pergerakan otomatis. Base station aplikasi yang berguna menghubungkan robot dengan komputer pengendali atau disebut dengan Referee Box. Komputer Referee Box sebagai server bagi base station dan base station sebagai server bagi robot.yang mana pengiriman data dilakukan secara end to end.yang mana pengiriman data di implementasikan secara langsung ke robot. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian pengiriman informasi dari Referee Box ke Base Station menggunakan kabel LAN, dimana pengiriman data dari Base Station ke robot dilakukan secara wireless dan perintah akan dilakukan dalam bentuk pergerakan robot. Hasil pengujian berupa aplikasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai media komunikasi dan monitoring  robot yang dilakukan secara realtime.
O Conselho Municipal de Educação de Cerquilho/SP: caracterização do município e estrutura educacional
Authors: Silveira Viviane da Silva , Santos Aimê Heloina C. da Silva
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo faz parte de um estudo maior, desenvolvido pelo Grupo de Estudos Estado, Políticas, Planejamento, Gestão e Avaliação da Educação – GEPLAGE – da UFSCar, campus Sorocaba. Trata-se de uma breve caracterização e apresentação da estrutura educacional de Cerquilho, com intuito de melhor compreender a formulação e atuação do Conselho Municipal de Educação deste município. Para isso, foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa fundamentada em pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Os Conselhos Municipais de Educação são órgãos que desempenham funções normativa e consultiva, além de articular e mediar as demandas educacionais junto aos gestores públicos. Entende-se que tais órgãos formam estruturas institucionais fundamentais numa gestão pública democrática.
The legal nature of reforming the modern electoral system of Ukraine: advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Saray R.D.
Published: August 2021

This article reveals the content of the main transformation processes that have taken place in recent years in the electoral process of Ukraine, including the abolition of "self-nomination" of candidates, abolition of mixed electoral system in parliamentary elections, study of the legal nature of the "single permanent vote". , regulation of the issue of cash collateral, delimitation of the concepts of "registered place of residence" and "actual place of residence", limitation of election funds for candidates for President of Ukraine, etc. Changes in the sphere of presidential, parliamentary and local self-government elections are outlined. The main preconditions for the development and adoption of the Electoral Code of Ukraine and its role for the further functioning of electoral law mechanisms are indicated.

The result of the consolidation of all normative legal acts regulating election procedures in Ukraine into a single codified legislative act in order to unify the regulation of the preparation and conduct of elections in Ukraine is analyzed.

The main directions of further development and improvement of the election legislation of Ukraine are studied, including: introduction of an effective system of legal liability for violation of election legislation, proper determination of sanctions for violation of citizens' election rights, assistance in increasing the personnel potential of election commission members and quality control. and integrity of the Central Election Commission, prohibition of amendments to the main provisions of the election law in the period of one year before the election process, regulation of election campaigning on social networks, elimination of problems in the field of transparency of election campaign financing, inclusion of relevant data in the voter list. to it, information and educational campaigns for voters, etc.

The adoption of the Electoral Code of Ukraine has laid a solid foundation for a transparent, democratic and effective electoral process, following the basic principles and ideas of European integration policy and the policy of developed countries.
To the question of the peculiarities of the protection of the rights of persons who are in a de facto marital relationship in judicial practice
Authors: Luchkovsky V.V.
Published: August 2021

In the scientific article the author conducted a scientific study of the features of protection of property and per-sonal rights of persons who are in actual marital relations in the judicial practice of Ukraine. Based on the above research, the author notes that most often the appeal to the court to establish the legal fact of living in the same fam-ily of a woman and a man without marriage, is to inherit one of the de facto spouses or to establish joint ownership of jointly acquired property. . In general, the jurisprudence to establish the legal fact of living with one family of a woman and a man without marriage is ambiguous. This ambiguity concerns primarily the following issues:1) terminology used to denote the actual marital relationship (they are in judicial practice called «actual marital relationship», «actual marriage», «actual relationship», «living with one family of a man and a woman without marriage», «staying in actual marital relations and living with one family ”,“ actual marital relations ”,“ living with one family in actual marital relations ”,“ living with one family ”, etc.);2) a list of circumstances that clearly indicate the existence of a de facto marital relationship. In particular, some courts include the registration of both de facto spouses in the apartment (however, as evidenced by the Supreme Court ruling of 10 October 2019 in case 48 748/897/18 residence of a man and a woman at the same address, which is related to the division of property after divorce and the absence of another place of residence, does not indicate a family relationship between them), joint presence on holidays and transfer of funds (however, this is denied by the Supreme Court ruling of 15 August 2019 in case № 588/350/15), the fact of periodic joint recreation (which is denied by the decision of the Supreme Court of February 27, 2019 in case № 522/25049/16-ts).
Positive legal responsibility: general theoretical characteristics
Authors: Dashkovskaya O.R. , Yavorsky V.O. , Bezsonova K.D.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the concept of "positive legal responsibility". Its relationship with the term "responsibility" is established, the ratio of social and legal responsibility is considered. The relationship between the philosophical and moral meaning of the concept of "responsibility" is defined. Emphasis is placed on the need to define legal liability through the main objectives and principles of law, the practice of application and interpretation of the legal content of liability.

The existence of positive and negative aspects of legal responsibility in modern legal science is outlined. The positive aspect of legal responsibility as a type of legal responsibility, which is a reaction of the state and society to socially useful action, is considered. The main types of legal incentives are identified. The most common signs of positive legal responsibility are outlined. 

The negative aspect of legal liability is considered. The basic approaches to its understanding are defined, the basic signs are outlined. It is noted that negative legal liability is considered a means of guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of citizens. It is determined that in the mechanism of legal regulation measures of positive legal responsibility act as means of social control over the behavior of participants in public relations, ensuring mutual coherence of their actions. 

Positive legal liability is aimed at reducing the manifestations of illegal behavior by stimulating the subjects of legal relations to implement socially useful behavior through various incentives and is characterized by the following features: associated with the provision of additional rights to the person; occurs for the implementation of certain desired behavior; established in incentive legal norms; is a means of stimulating subjects to commit lawful acts; sold voluntarily. 

It is established that positive legal responsibility is a voluntary form of realization of legal responsibility, it is a legal obligation of the subject of responsibility to act according to requirements of legal norms which is realized in its lawful behavior.
Forms of democratic civilian control over the defense forces of Ukraine
Authors: Degtyarev D.O.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to define the concept and types of forms of democratic civilian control over the defense forces. Three aspects are identified in which the forms of democratic civilian control over the defense forces can be considered: 1) the activity aspect, according to which the form of control acts as a complex of actions of its subjects; 2) the analytical aspect, according to which the form of control has its integral element of collecting, highlighting information and data on the controlled object, comparing them with each other, de-termining the patterns and trends inherent in the functioning of the controlled object, modeling the state of the controlled object in the future, depending on the applied management decisions; 3) the organizational aspect, according to which the form of control is a way of organizing the activity of the subjects of control and the con-nections between them. Each of these aspects of the form of control is necessary for the effective implementation of control activities.

The definitions of the forms of democratic civilian control over the defense forces as united by a single goal, carried out in accordance with the powers of the subjects of control defined in the acts of military legislation, are formulated for a complex of organizational and analytical measures aimed at achieving the goal of control.It was found that the forms of democratic civilian control over the defense forces should be attributed to the pub-lication of public information, the activities of temporary commissions of inquiry, internal audit, external financial control (audit), judicial control, scientific and applied (for example, sociological) research aimed at determining the actual state of control objects. The validity of classifying official investigations, inquiries and pre-trial investigations forms of democratic civil control raises doubts, taking into account the provisions of paragraph 2 of part 1 of arti-cle 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On National Security of Ukraine”, which defines an exhaustive list of types of control.An analysis of the essence and features of the forms of democratic civilian control over the defense forces allows us to make sure that these forms are inherently connected with the content of this control and are determined by the legal status of its subjects. At the same time, the forms of control can be classified by content, by subjects, by legal consequences for objects of control, as well as by timing.
Historical development of administrative responsibility for bullying (harassment) in Ukraine
Authors: Prikhodko M.V.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the historical development of administrative liability for bullying in Ukraine. The historical and legal literature on the genesis of administrative responsibility for violence against children, including bullying, is considered and analyzed. It has been established that child abuse has been present in all historical times, but at certain intervals it was considered the norm and accepted by society as appropriate behavior. Attitudes toward chil-dren in primitive, slave-owning, and feudal societies were cruel. They were beaten, sacrificed, sold into slavery, or simply left to die. The legal norms were only of a “recommendatory” nature, and sanctions were not applied or were applied only in the case of the murder of a child. The situation of children in the XVIII-XIX centuries. improved, but limited to parental authority. During this period, administrative liability is applied to certain illegal acts against children. The period of the XX - XXI centuries. can be considered - the “century of recognition of childhood”, be-cause a number of regulations - legal acts, which confirmed that childhood - a priority value of the state. From 2018, Ukraine provides for administrative liability for bullying.

By analyzing the source base, the historical periods of the genesis of administrative responsibility for bullying in Ukraine are highlighted, which is presented as follows:stage 1 - the 16th century initial (the rules of law governing the treatment of a child were of a recommendato-ry nature, and therefore liability for their violation was not provided).Stage 2 - XVII - XIX centuries weakening (weakening of abuse of the child, strengthening of its rights, however, in the specified period the responsibility for violence against the child, including bullying was not applied).Stage 3 - XX century. legislative (ratification of in-ternational treaties and the adoption by Ukraine of regulations governing and protecting the rights of the child; the introduction of administrative liability for violations of the rights of the latter).Stage 4 - XXI century. modernized (legislative consolidation of administrative responsibility for bullying in Ukraine).It is concluded that the history of mankind is permeated through the prism of cruelty to children and among them and emphasizes that there have always been ways to prevent this phenomenon and Ukraine has taken a big step towards combating bullying by introducing appropriate legal liability , including administrative.
About definition of the concept and essence of the criminal and executive policy of Ukraine
Authors: Pylypenko D.О.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the definition of the concept and essence of the criminal-executive policy of Ukraine. The article presents the views and positions of leading domestic scientists on this issue. Scientific concepts on the perception of penitentiary policy as one of the areas of domestic activities for the execution and serving of crim-inal sentences are analyzed. The focus is on the mandatory use of the term “criminal” when defining the concept of criminal enforcement policy, as it specifies the relevant vector of state activity. The etymology of this term as well as the term “punishment” is also studied and it is proved that the combination of these two terms is the most appropriate and correct when determining the relevant direction of domestic policy. The views of scholars on the perception of the essence of criminal-executive policy of the state as a set of key provisions, fundamental aspects that form the basic provisions of further implementation of domestic policy in the field of execution and serving of criminal sentences are analyzed. Additionally, the perception of the essence of penitentiary policy as a direction of development of scientific thought in the field of execution and serving of criminal punishments is analyzed. Based on the analyzed, the author’s approach to defining the concept and essence of criminal executive policy of Ukraine is proposed. The article considers the positions of scholars on the use of the definition of “policy in the field of execution of criminal penalties” as an alternative to the phrase “criminal-executive policy”. The key arguments of the authors regarding the assertion of this position are analyzed, in particular, the existence of state coercion as a mandatory element of state policy in this direction. The importance of the imperative method for settling le-gal relations in this area is emphasized. The author’s position is expressed that the mentioned definitions should be perceived as absolutely synonymous when defining the state policy in the sphere of execution and serving of criminal punishments.
Establishment of international standards in the field of environmental pro- tection and their impact on modern legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Brenzovich Z.S. , Onufriy S.A.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the formation of international standards in the field of environmental protection, as well as clarifying their impact on modern environmental legislation of Ukraine. 

It is established that the issue of the need to protect the environment has been actively discussed at the interna-tional level since the middle of the twentieth century. The first international environmental organization was found-ed in October 1948 in France (International Union for Conservation of Nature), which still operates today.It was found that although international instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms do not contain provisions on environ-mental rights, there is still a human right to a standard of living that supports its health. It is from the standpoint of the right to life, the right to health and the right to information that the ECtHR deals with matters concerning a safe environment for humans.It is substantiated that special international acts in the field of environmental protection began to be adopted in the 70s of the last century (including: Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Discharges and Other Materials, International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, Convention on Transboundary Air Pollution distance, the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer was adopted, the European Charter on Environment and Public Health, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazard-ous Wastes and Their Disposal, the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, etc.).These international acts have influenced the formation of legislation in the field of environmental protection of independent Ukraine, especially on the example of acts adopted in 2017-2020. The proposal of scientists on the need to adopt a new systematized act in Ukraine, in particular the Environmental Code, has been studied.It is substantiated that when reforming the environmental legislation of Ukraine it is necessary to pay special attention to the requirements of the Association Agreement with the EU, namely to implement the provisions of a number of Regulations and directives of the European Union.
Legal status and labor legal entity in the science of labor law
Authors: Markin A. , Timchenko L.
Published: August 2021

The article is de-voted to the category of legal status and labor legal personality in the science of labor law, represents the ratio of the terms “person” and “personality”. Legal personality is a fundamental legal category because it determines the ability of a person to own the law. Legal personality is a developing legal property that reflects the specifics of social relations, the peculiarities of socio-economic formation, determine the place of the individual in society as a whole, and the field of a particular branch of law in particular. The realities of a market economy objectively necessitate a clear definition of legal personality as a fundamental legal category in the field of labor law to ensure the priority of contractual regulation of legal relations on the use of hired labor and, at the same time, effective implementation of the protective function of labor law. The author singles out three types of legal status: general (single) legal status for all citizens of our state; general status for all employees (employees); special or special status for certain categories of workers.Legal status is one of the central concepts of modern legal science, it was developed by many scholars of both the Soviet and modern periods. 

The author substantiates that the key elements of the legal status of the employee in labor relations are his legal personality. Particular attention is paid to the structure of the legal personality of the employee. It is proved that the legal capacity and capacity of the employee are the only indivisible phenomenon - legal personality. Substantiations are presented that the second necessary element of the legal personality of the employee is the ability to work. The current legal and legal status of the individual in almost the entire post-Soviet space is characterized by such features as extreme instability, weak legal protection, lack of reliable guarantee mechanisms, the inability of state authorities to effectively ensure the interests of citizens, their right to life, freedom, honor, dignity, property, security, equality, social justice and more.
Diálogos desalejadores
Authors: Sanabria Bohórquez Carlos Eduardo , Zambrano Zabaleta Betty
Published: August 2021

Este ensayo de comunicación y pensamiento en medio del aislamiento y de la distancia social impuestos por las medidas gubernamentales en salud pública, ha sido elaborado como un quid pro quo que busca cuestionar y superar las distancias del espacio físico, institucional y generacional. Las siglas C.E.S.B. y B.Z.Z. corresponden a las voces de los autores, quienes trabajan en el proyecto de investigación Pedagogía, arte y ciudadanía, de la Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, en dos ciudades de Colombia: Bogotá y Cartagena de Indias, como investigador principal y como asistente de investigación, respectivamente.
The Rise of the Ni‘matullāhī Order. Shi'ite Sufi Masters against Islamic Fundamentalism in 19th-Century Persia
Authors: Tabandeh Reza
Published: August 2021

How were the Ni‘matullāhī masters successful in reviving Ni‘matullāhī Sufism in Shi‘ite Persia? This book investigates the revival of Ni‘matullāhī Sufi order after the death of the last Indian Ni‘matullāhī master, Riḍā ‘Alī Shāh (d. 1214/1799) in the Deccan. After the fall of Safavids, the revival movement of the Ni‘matullāhī order began with the arrival in Persia of the enthusiastic Indian Sufi master, Ma‘ṣūm ‘Alī Shāh, during the last quarter of the eighteenth century. Later, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Persian masters of the Ni‘matullāhī Order were able to solidify the order’s place in the mystical and theological milieu of Persia. Ma‘ṣūm ‘Alī Shāh and his disciples soon spread their mystical and ecstatic beliefs all over Persia. They succeeded in converting a large mass of Persians to Sufi teachings, despite the opposition and persecution they faced from Shi‘ite clerics, who were politically and socially the most influential class in Persia. The book demonstrates that Ḥusayn ‘Alī Shāh, Majdhūb ‘Alī Shāh, and Mast ‘Alī Shāh were able to consolidate the social and theological role of the Ni‘matullāhī order by reinterpreting and articulating classical Sufi teachings in the light of Persian Shi‎‘ite mystical theology.
Quality Management for Leather Industry to Increase Competitiveness in the Global Market
Authors: Irjayanti Maya , Azis Anton Mulyono
Published: August 2021

The Indonesian government is targeting leather products, especially from West Java to become one of the export commodities that will encourage national economic growth. The existence of a leather industry particularly in the city of Garut has attracted many Indonesian researchers over the years to investigate the condition through many fields of research. However, the latest research identified several barriers related to the leather business development in Garut city, which was related to the optimization ratio of its performance and product quality. This study aimed to design a quality management model and key performance indicators to make this sector competitive in the global market. The research method used was inductive with a qualitative approach and a constructivist grounded theory in developing a quality management model. Theoretical and snowball sampling was chosen in identifying potential participants. The findings of this study contribute to the knowledge and practice of quality management models with key performance indicators that can be used to measure current conditions as a foundation for future improvement in the leather industry to produce competitive products that meet global standard. KPIs were formulated with certain criteria and should be applied by business actors.
Bureaucracy and Leadership Must Align with Circumstances
Authors: Spano Dominick
Published: August 2021

The concepts of bureaucracy and leadership must align with the circumstances in the public or private sectors to be optimal in any given situation. This paper will grant readers with a deep dive into this concept. More specifically, this paper will compare bureaucracy, leadership, and groupthink by using author’s experiences in two private banking organizations and one public bureau. The purpose of this paper is to persuade readers that these frameworks can be auspicious, but only under the appropriate conditions.
Access to Covid-19 Vaccine: Patents vs. People?
Authors: Mešević Iza Razija
Published: August 2021

The article is looking into the issue of global equitable access to Covid-19 vaccines from the perspective of intellectual property rights, in particular patents. The discussed topics include instruments that could potentially facilitate access to patent protected health technologies (Covid-19 vaccines). Some of them are non-voluntary in nature, like the compulsory licenses in accordance with the TRIPS Agreement and others rely on the voluntary participation of the pharmaceutical industry, such as the C-TAP and the Medicines Patent Pool. The article also explores the controversial initiative regarding an “intellectual property waiver” proposed by a number of WTO members.
Destroying Disability: Expanding Application of the Genocide Convention
Authors: Bro Brickelle
Published: August 2021

Disability is not a protected class under the Genocide Convention, even though disabled people across the world frequently face egregious human rights violations. Many of those practices should be considered genocide because they meet the criteria listed in the definition. In order to amount to genocide, an action must be committed with the intent to destroy a group, in whole or in part, by killing, causing serious harm, inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about destruction of the group, prevent births, or forcibly transfer children out of the group. Disabled people have been subjected to all these actions. By refusing to grant this group status as a protected class, the international community has allowed acts of genocide to continue into the twenty first century. To prevent future genocides against this group, and advance disability rights on a global scale, disabled people need the protections provided in the Genocide Convention.
Regression in the Analytic Field
Authors: Civitarese Giuseppe
Published: August 2021

Bion hardly ever mentions the concept of regression in the classical sense. However, he uses it to understand whether the direction taken by the therapeutic relationship in the here and now of the session is towards psychic growth or rather in the opposite direction. Therefore, asking oneself what it represents for Bion implies inscribing the concept of regression in the framework of the grid, the kind of conceptual compass that he has built to map the possible evolutions of the unconscious emotional climate (O) that pervades the session at a given moment. The author then reports an entire session with a psychotic patient and illustrates the use that can be made of this notion, paired with that of progress, in the post-Bionian theory of the analytic field.
Secret of Life, Secret of Death
Authors: Luca Daniela
Published: August 2021

From his first Freudian studies, but especially in S. Freud’s correspondence with W. Fliess, the term “secret” (geheim, geheimnis) appears frequently, hence its weight and significance in psychic life, and implicitly as a form of intimacy and of confidentiality shared in the analytical relationship. The need and ability to keep a secret, but also the ability to confess, to share a secret, are mainly related to a certain elaboration of the sexual register, pre-oedipal and oedipal, of the elaboration of the traumatic, of the affects of shame, humiliation, guilt, as well as their impact on the psychic life of the subject, how they marked the subject’s existence and relationships. Another essential dimension is the inter- and transgenerational transmission of family “secrets” – often violent, incestuous experiences, such as severe diseases, genetic abnormalities, murders, suicides – transmitted over two, three or more generations, unconsciously. This work aims to reveal the secret’s dimension of life in clinical practice, as well as the deadly dimension of secrets and their vicissitudes in transfer-counter transference.
Discussion on “Some Notes on Fusion” By Paolo Fonda
Authors: Orăşanu Brînduşa
Published: August 2021

In his conference, Paolo Fonda highlights the concepts of “micro-area of fusion” and of “separation coefficient”, which makes it possible to think in terms of quantitative factors. The perspective of the gradualness of some mechanisms or phenomena implies the existence of a theoretical continuum between psychotic and neurotic functioning. Another aspect addressed concern symbolic component versus concrete elements of the communication, and ambiguity as a way of moderating reality. Authors of prose and poetry are brought to support this psychoanalytic thinking.
Encounter with Death (II)
Authors: Popescu Alice
Published: August 2021

The present article is a sequel of “Encounter with Death (I). An Interrupted Dialogue” (DOI:10.2478/rjp-2020-0013 Rom J Psychoanal 2020, 13(1):197-204) and it aims at exploring the possible psychoanalytical semantics of the double suicide committed by Arthur Koestler in 1983, together with his wife, Cynthia, at their home in London. It tries to relate the tragic event (in the context of Koestler’s previous life-threatening experience in the prison of Seville) to the Freudian death drive and to Imre Hermann’s clinging instinct, as approached in Philippe Van Haute and Tomas Geyskens’s book “From Death Instinct to Attachment Theory”.
Multi-Homing Revisited: Level of Adoption and Competitive Strategies
Authors: Barua Anitesh , Mukherjee Rajiv
Published: August 2021

Aided by the increasing ease of use, lower adoption cost, and higher network benefits, consumers are demonstrating a strong propensity to concurrently use competing firms’ products or services. Depending on their relative preference for a firm, such “multi-homing” consumers may adopt each firm partially and therefore contribute to the network benefits of no firm fully, as would be the case with single-homing. Consumers’ level of adoption of competing products is a key feature of multi-homing, which, while observed widely in practice, has not previously been studied in the literature. Through a series of analytical models, we demonstrate the important role of this construct in the pricing and capability-related decisions of competing firms. Our results provide several new insights, which suggest that as multi-homing (M) settings become common across industries, technology strategists and managers should exercise caution against simply extrapolating insights from single-homing (S) settings, where consumers adopt only one firm, or from M settings, where the level of adoption is not accounted for. Specifically, in markets where competing products are not well differentiated, contrary to intuition, we find that under price competition, a firm’s profit can be hurt by high levels of adoption by multi-homing consumers; further, in markets where prices are inflexible, a firm with a higher level of adoption can succeed even with a lower level of capability innovation relative to that of an S setting. In contrast to single-homing settings, we show that firms in M settings need to mitigate uncertainty regarding network benefits if the level of adoption is low. Finally, we explore the role of adoption level in two-sided markets and demonstrate that if one side does not have a strong preference for a platform, then, contrary to prevailing wisdom, the latter need not strongly subsidize the other side of the market.
Elucidation of the effect of concomitant administration of Metformin and Diclofenac Sodium on insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in in vivo models
Authors: Indu Rania , Adhikari Anjan , Sur T.K. , Basak Piyali
Published: August 2021

Prevalence of chronic disorders like arthritis is frequently observed in diabetic patients, especially among the geriatric population. To combat such a situation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are mostly co-prescribed along with antidiabetics. Thus present study tried to evaluate the safety and efficacy of concomitant use of drugs in animals induced with comorbid conditions. Diabetes and chronic inflammation were induced in rats by Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide and Freund’s Complete Adjuvant respectively. These medical conditions were treated with antidiabetic Metformin and NSAID Diclofenac Sodium for 28 days. Blood glucose, paw edema were recorded weekly. At the end of the study duration, Insulin, C-peptide, cytokines in serum, oxidative stress biomarkers in liver and kidney tissues were estimated. Concomitant therapy of Metformin and Diclofenac Sodium was successful in reducing the glucose level and inflammation parameters. However, reduction by 30.06% and 46.51% in insulin and C-peptide levels respectively were evident in the rats treated with concomitant medications as compared to the normal. Concomitant therapy also failed to restore the normal levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Perturbation was also evident in the antioxidant status of the tissues. Results from this study can thus be utilized to optimize the therapeutic regimen of patients to ensure safe medication.
An Integrated Brain ECVT and EEG System for Epilepsy Imaging
Authors: Edison Rizki Edmi , Ihsan Muhammad Fathul , Rohmadi Rohmadi , Pratama Sra Harke , Taruno Warsito Purwo
Published: August 2021

Localization of epileptogenic area is a fundamental step in pre-surgical evaluation. Unfortunately, phase II EEG approach has high risk due to invasiveness like infection and bleeding. Therefore, alternative approach with attention to non-invasiveness, real-time measurement and mobility is urgently needed. Brain ECVT is believed to be one of the promising neuroimaging techniques to record human’s brain activities. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of integrated EEG and brain ECVT system. A twoelectrode Brain ECVT sensor was designed to facilitate a simultaneous measurement with EEG by using COMSOL software, phantom experiment and measurement with real human in resting-state condition. Visual and power spectral density (PSD) analysis showed that ECVT excitation at 100 Hz frequency or higher does not interfere with EEG measurement. Arithmetic task was performed in human subject experiment which shows that the signal PSD during the task is higher than during relax condition in both Brain ECVT and EEG measurements. ECVT excitation at 100 Hz or higher does not interfere with EEG measurement. Brain ECVT and EEG simultaneous measurement can give similar results based on the signal power spectral density analysis.
Leonardite humic acids as a component of feed additives against mycotoxins
Authors: Васильев А. , Корсаков К. , Москаленко С. , Кузнецов М. , Сивохина Л. , Китаев И. , Маниесон В.
Published: August 2021

Актуальность проблемы загрязнения зерна микотоксинами не вызывает сомнений. Скармливание заражённых кормов животным приводит к отравлениям, снижению продуктивности, воспроизводительных способностей, сохранности поголовья. Наши исследования показали, что сухая кормовая добавка Reasil Humic Helth, производимая ООО «Лайф Форс» на основе немодифицированных микропористых гуминовых кислот из леонардита с содержанием гуминовых кислот более 80,0% от сухого вещества, может эффективно использоваться для борьбы с микотоксинами. Исследования трёх лабораторий микотоксикологии подтвердили высокую сорбционную ёмкость изучаемой добавки по токсину Т-2, охратоксину А, афлатоксину В1, зеараленону и фуминизину В1. При максимально допустимой концентрации микотоксинов в комбикормах, когда сорбент был взят в избытке, сорбционная ёмкость изучаемой кормовой добавки по токсину Т-2 составила 84,0%, афлатоксину В1 — 100,0%, зеараленону — 100,0%, охратоксину — 97,7%, фумонизину — 100,0%. При этом отмечалась достаточно низкая десорбция микотоксинов (от 0 до 8%) по отдельным видам токсинов, продуцируемых микроскопическими плесневыми грибами. При исходной концентрации исследуемых микотоксинов, превышающей пять ПДК, и введении изучаемого препарата из расчёта минимальной профилактической нормы скармливания (2,0 г/кг корма) оказалось, что кормовая добавка способна сорбировать от 19,0 до 72,4% искусственно инкубируемых микотоксинов. Позитивным результатом исследований является тот факт, что сорбционная ёмкость добавки Reasil Humic Helth в отношении витаминов В12 и В9 составила 0%.

Harmfulness of grain, contaminated by mycotoxins is well known. Feeding livestock with contaminated fodder results in poisoning, reduction in productivity, reproductive ability and livability. Our experiments showed Reasil Humic Helth additive, produced by OOO “Life Force” and based on unmodified microporous leonardite humic acids to be effective against mycotoxin accumulation; content of humic acids making up 80.0% of dry matter. Analyses of three Laboratories of Mycotoxicology proved high sorption capacity of the additive for toxin T-2, ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and fumonisin B1. Under the maximum allowable concentration of mycotoxins in feed-stuff and excessive sorbing agent probe sorption capacity for toxin T-2 by the feed additive amounted to 84.0%, for aflatoxin B1 — 100.0%, zearalenone — 100.0%, ochratoxin — 97.7%, fumonisin — 100.0%. Desorption for several toxin types, produced by microscopic fungi was quite low (from 0 to 8%). Feed additive was able to sorb from 19.0 to 72.4% of experimentally incubated mycotoxins when initial toxin concentration exceeded the maximum allowable concentration by 5 times. The preparation concentration was 2.0 g/kg of fodder according to the minimum preventive feeding rate. Positive result was zero sorption capacity of Reasil Humic Helth additive for vitamins В12 and В9.
Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin for cow feeding
Authors: Волошин В. , Морозков Н.
Published: August 2021

По результатам научных исследований, выполненных за ряд лет в растениеводстве и животноводстве, показана целесообразность интродукции в кормопроизводство Пермского края новой многолетней бобовой культуры эспарцета песчаного. По четырёхлетним наблюдениям (2012 2015 годы) в полевых опытах культура не уступала по урожайности кормовой массы традиционному для региона клеверу луговому, а по концентрации обменной энергии и сырого протеина в сухом веществе была на уровне клевера лугового и люцерны изменчивой, но в разы превосходила их по содержанию сахара. Сенаж это единственный вид зимнего корма, максимально сохраняющий обменную энергию, протеин, сахар, каротин, достаточно концентрированный, чтобы обеспечивать потребности высокопродуктивных животных. В 2018 году на Лобановском молочном комплексе ООО Русь в Пермском районе Пермского края были проведены научнохозяйственный и физиологический опыты по скармливанию сенажа из эспарцета песчаного голштинизированным коровам чёрнопёстрой породы. При использовании сенажа из эспарцета песчаного животные в сутки потребляли сухого вещества на 2,3 3,9 кг на голову больше по сравнению с группой, где в рационе было сено (контроль). В результате использования сенажа из эспарцета песчаного переваримость сухого вещества рациона у опытных групп животных была выше на 2,55 5,80 по сравнению с контрольной органического вещества на 2,54 4,14 . За учётный период научнохозяйственного опыта (120 дней) от коров опытных групп получено по 399327,2 и 414431,9 кг молока, что со средней степенью достоверности выше продуктивности животных контрольной группы (391045,4). По содержанию молочного жира и молочного белка преимущество достоверно также было за опытными группами. Затраты корма на 1 кг молока составили в контроле 0,74 энергетических корм. ед. (ЭКЕ), в опытных группах 0,71 и 0,69 ЭКЕ.

Hungarian sainfoin was shown to be an effective perennial legume crop in the forage production of the Perm Territory. For 4 years (2012 2015) this crop produced forage mass, exchange energy and crude protein comparable to the ones of red clover and bastard alfalfa but exceeded them significantly in carbohydrate content. Haylage is the only type of winter forage that has sufficient concentrations of exchange energy, protein, carbohydrates and carotene, satisfying needs of highproductive livestock in nutrients. Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin was fed to Holstein BlackandWhite cows in the frame of experiments conducted in 2018. Cows consumed 2.3 3.9 kg more of dry matter (DM) with the haylage, compared to hay (control). Digestibilities of DM and organic matter were 2.55 5.80 and 2.54 4.14 higher than in the control group, respectively. For 120 days the experimental groups produced 3993 27.2 and 4144 31.9 kg of milk versus 3910 45.4 kg of the control one. The former also exceeded the latter in milk fat and protein contents. Fodder costs per 1 kg of milk amounted to 0.74 energy feed units in the control and 0.71 and 0.69 energy feed units in the experimental groups.