bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geotecnologias aplicadas a estimativa da temperatura de superfície em diferentes usos e ocupações do solo na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Rio Pandeiros – Minas Gerais / Geotechnologies applied to the surface temperature estimation in different soil uses and occupations in the environmental protection area of the Rio Pandeiros – Minas Gerais
Authors: Leite Marcos Esdras , Fonseca Gildette Soares , Silva Lucas Augusto , Leite Manoel Reinaldo
Published: May 2018

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento da temperatura de superfície em diferentes usos da terra na Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do Rio Pandeiros, inserida em municípios da Mesorregião Norte de Minas - Minas Gerais. Para tanto, fez-se pesquisa bibliográfica, além de utilizar técnicas de sensoriamento remoto junto ao algoritmo Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) e imagens orbitais, que contemplaram período seco e período chuvoso. A temperatura de superfície variou com acréscimo para os usos da terra de natureza antrópica (solo exposto, pastagem e agricultura) e com menores valores para as áreas de vegetação nativa na APA Rio Pandeiros. Apresenta avanços significativos de áreas antropogênicas em sua distribuição territorial.Palavras – Chave: Uso da terra. Temperatura de superfície e APA Rio Pandeiros.AbstractThis research had the objective of analyzing the surface temperature behavior in different land uses in the Pandeiros River Environmental Protection Area (APA), located in municipalities of the Northern Mesoregion of Minas Gerais. An algorithm of surface energy balance for land (SEBAL) and orbital images, which included dry period and rainy period. For this, a bibliographical research was done, besides technical tools of remote sensing. A varied surface temperature with the addition to the land uses of anthropic nature, such as the native vegetation area APA Rio Pandeiros. It presents significant advances of anthropogenic areas in its territorial distribution. Keywords: Land use. Surface temperature and APA Rio Pandeiros.
APRENDIZAGENS DA E NA EXTENSÃO DA PUC MINAS: MÚLTIPLAS INTERAÇÕES E INTERDEPENDÊNCIAS
Authors: Barros Ev'Angela Batista Rodrigues
Published: May 2018

Neste artigo, busca-se apresentar e discutir, norteados pelas concepções e diretrizes da Política de Extensão Nacional e os documentos parametrizadores da Extensão da PUC Minas, os resultados destacados em 27 relatórios analíticos de trabalho dos Núcleos Temáticos, Assessorias e Coordenadorias integrantes da Rede PROEX de Extensão, em seus diversos campi e unidades. Circunscrevendo-nos à última década (2006/2015), buscou-se avaliar em que medida (e de que forma) a institucionalização da Extensão na Universidade vem ressoando nos diversos agentes que interagem no cotidiano desta instituição – atuando nos âmbitos indissociáveis do Ensino, da Pesquisa e da Extensão. A partir dos Planos de Ação Integrados (PAI), cada Núcleo temático, Coordenação Setorial, Instituto e Curso foi instado a fazer o relatório ao final de 2015, avaliando criticamente o que foi possível realizar integral ou parcialmente, bem como as causas e condicionantes desse desempenho. A análise de diferentes materiais (relatórios produzidos por docentes das diversas instâncias constitutivas da Rede) permitiu cenarizar a Extensão que temos (pontos positivos e dificuldades) e a que queremos construir (projeções e desafios), evidenciando pontos nodais (como uma postura integradora da ação dos agentes envolvidos, o investimento num sistema mais acurado de monitoramento e de registro dos projetos, de melhoria da comunicação entre todos os atores/setores, de consolidação de parcerias com as demais Pró-reitorias – de Graduação e de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação, de busca de maior interlocução com os parceiros que oferecem campos de inserção dos graduandos, entre outros), que se consagram como prioridades a serem perseguidas nos próximos anos.
O uso de iniciais maiúsculas e minúsculas: estudo comparativo entre o Manual de Redação e Estilo de O Estado de S. Paulo e o Manual de Redação da Folha de S. Paulo
Authors: Vilhena Marina Carneiro de Rezende
Published: May 2018

O artigo caracteriza-se por um estudo comparativo entre o Manual de Redação e Estilo de O Estado de S. Paulo e o Manual de Redação da Folha de S. Paulo no tocante ao uso de iniciais maiúsculas e minúsculas. Por meio do estudo comparativo, salienta-se a questão da formatação do estilo jornalístico e da consequente padronização de elementos textual-discursivos, reforçando o aspecto da uniformização da escrita jornalística. Há a predominância da convergência nesse estudo comparativo, sobressaindo, assim, a presença efetiva da padronização no texto jornalístico. Por meio do estudo, constatou-se que os manuais expandem a aplicação do uso de iniciais maiúsculas e minúsculas, apresentando um leque maior de situações de emprego das palavras se comparado ao das fontes oficiais (Acordo Ortográfico de 1990 e gramáticas normativas). Dessa forma, os manuais jornalísticos tornam-se referência não só para o jornalista/revisor, mas para os revisores que atuam em outros gêneros textuais e público em geral. Os manuais podem se configurar como fontes de produção do conhecimento sobre a história da língua, já que podem substituir, de forma parcial, as fontes oficiais. O artigo será submetido à apreciação do Caderno Cespuc 31 - revisão, edição e preparação do texto.
Study of the Prevalence and the Incidence of the Prostate Cancer in the North-Cameroon: Means and Costs of Management
Authors: Herve Kada Pabame  , Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje  , Richard Tagne Simo  , Franklin Danki Sillong
Published: May 2018

Introduction: The high mortality rate of prostate cancer in Cameroon, its high incidence, its prevalence, the lack of epidemiological data for the north which for the case is the poorest area of the country led us to conduct this study with for the purpose of presenting the epidemiological, clinical and para-clinical aspects, the cost and means of management with a view to setting up adequate management policies.

Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study in the city of Ngaoundéré for a period of 5months. The data were obtained after a survey of patients and collection of results from the pathology registry of the Islamic clinic of Adamawa three months before the start of our study. Results: The prevalence and incidence of prostate cancer were 28.7% and 24.32%, respectively. The average age of prostate cancer patients was 66.5 years. Gleason scores were less than 6 in 44.44% of cases. Risk factors related to familial cancer cases were difficult to determine. The symptoms were dominated in patients by urinary retention associated with polyuria, dysuria and pollakiuria. The means and costs of care were scalable depending on the difficulty of achieving the technique.Conclusion: Prostate cancer remains a real health problem in the north because of its incidence and high prevalence and requires the implementation of a government policy of care.
Portrait de la criminologie québécoise des dix dernières années selon le courant, la méthodologie et l’appartenance institutionnelle des auteurs
Authors: F.-Dufour1 Isabelle , Villeneuve Marie-Pierre , Martel Joane
Published: May 2018

Nous avons dressé le portrait général des publications parues au cours des dix dernières années de manière à mettre en exergue comment sont représentés les grands courants de la criminologie au sein la revueCriminologie. L’analyse des 188 publications parues depuis 2008 a permis de constater : 1) qu’on dénombre plus de publications s’inscrivant dans les criminologies traditionnelles que critiques ou zémiologiques ; 2) que les méthodologies quantitatives demeurent privilégiées par les auteurs qui se situent dans les courants traditionnels ; et 3) que cette tendance est encore plus forte chez les doctorants et les professeurs de l’École de criminologie de l’Université de Montréal. Nos analyses permettent donc de conclure à un « effet École de criminologie de Montréal » selon le prisme des parutions parues dans la revueCriminologie.
La trajectoire de la recherche empirique quantitative dans la revue Criminologie (1968-2016) : une perspective éditoriale
Authors: Charette1 Yanick , Tremblay Pierre , Deslauriers-Varin Nadine
Published: May 2018

Chaque numéro publié d’une revue scientifique vient clore plusieurs rondes de tractations qui débutent au sein du comité de rédaction, se déplacent ensuite autour de ceux qui ont accepté de participer au numéro et se ramifient et se prolongent durant les évaluations et les révisions des manuscrits qui seront finalement publiés. Les directeurs successifs sont contraints de balancer la part relative des articles de réflexion et des articles d’investigation, la proportion relative des enquêtes empiriques qui procèdent par vérification d’hypothèses et celle des investigations ouvertes et exploratoires. En se basant sur l’ensemble des articles publiés dans la revue Criminologie de 1968 à 2016 (n = 658), cette étude s’intéresse à l’effet des différentes stratégies éditoriales mises en place sur la part relative qui sera accordée à la recherche empirique quantitative dans le discours criminologique. Les analyses montrent que les directeurs, par l’intermédiaire des comités de rédaction, peuvent agir sur l’offre par des innovations éditoriales (introduction de numéros thématiques, publication semestrielle, ouverture aux publications hors thèmes, diversification de la provenance des auteurs), mais aussi contrôler cette offre par une hausse des standards (uniformité de la taille des articles, complexité des analyses) et par une sollicitation active d’articles innovateurs. Ces innovations éditoriales ont diversifié le discours scientifique de la revue et ont assuré, au final, la survie de la revue durant un demi-siècle.
Tetrapod tracks in Permo–Triassic eolian beds of southern Brazil (Paraná Basin)
Authors: Francischini Heitor , Dentzien-Dias Paula , Lucas Spencer G. , Schultz Cesar L.
Published: May 2018

Tetrapod tracks in eolianites are widespread in the fossil record since the late Paleozoic. Among these ichnofaunas, the ichnogenusChelichnusis the most representative of the Permian tetrapod ichnological record of eolian deposits of Europe, North America and South America, where theChelichnusIchnofacies often occurs. In this contribution, we describe five sets of tracks (one of which is preserved in cross-section), representing the first occurrence ofDicynodontipusandChelichnusin the “Pirambóia Formation” of southern Brazil. This unit represents a humid desert in southwestern Pangea and its lower and upper contacts lead us to consider its age as Lopingian–Induan. The five sets of tracks studied were compared with several ichnotaxa and body fossils with appendicular elements preserved, allowing us to attribute these tracks to dicynodonts and other indeterminate therapsids. Even though the “Pirambóia Formation” track record is sparse and sub-optimally preserved, it is an important key to better understand the occupation of arid environments by tetrapods across the Permo–Triassic boundary.
O que os jovens adolescentes sabem sobre as perdas induzidas pelo excesso de ruído?
Authors: Borja Ana Lúcia V. , Sousa Bárbara F. e , Ramos Márcia Maria , Araújo Roberto Paulo Correia de
Published: May 2018

O avanço da tecnologia trouxe, para os nossos dias, níveis de ruído de diversas naturezas que são potencialmente lesivos ao ouvido humano. Os jovens, na sua maioria adolescentes, habitualmente estão expostos à música amplificada de alta intensidade, especialmente nas suas atividades de lazer. Este estudo verificou o grau de conhecimento de jovens adolescentes em relação às perdas auditivas induzidas pelo ruído, através de uma pesquisa de campo envolvendo 700 adolescentes entre 14 e 20 anos. Os resultados demonstram que, embora 88% da população estudada afirme ter conhecimento de que ruídos de alta intensidade podem causar perdas auditivas, 90% não sabem como proteger sua audição ou usam métodos ineficientes.
Envelhecimento do cérebro: reflexões sobre interações neuro-gliais
Authors: Tardy Marcienne
Published: May 2018

O envelhecimento começa na maturidade e se caracteriza pelos crescentes desvios do estado funcional ideal. Supõe-se que o principal motivo dessas mudanças seja o estresse oxidativo. O cérebro é extremamente susceptível a danos oxidativos. Além dos neurônios, as células gliais, a principal família das células neurais, estão diretamente envolvidas com as funções vitais do cérebro, especialmente na defesa antioxidante do cérebro. Este trabalho aborda aspectos relativos ao potencial que as células gliais têm para proteger os neurônios e sua contribuição para o processo de envelhecimento do cérebro.
Glicosilação influenciando a atividade de fusão de estruturas HA e HEF de vírus influenza
Authors: Gama Bianca Ervatti , Couceiro José Nelson dos Santos Silva
Published: May 2018

Desde os tempos mais remotos, os vírus influenza têm sido o agente causal de doenças respiratórias letais. O seu processo de replicação ocorre nas células epiteliais do trato respiratório, causando uma síndrome respiratória aguda, na qual as glicoproteínas hemaglutinina (HA) e hemaglutinina-esterase-fusão (HEF), ancoradas na superfície dos vírus influenza A e C, respectivamente, são responsáveis pelos processos de fusão durante o ciclo de replicação viral. Ao contrário dos processos de adsorção, sialidase e esterase, atividades inatas desempenhadas por estas mesmas estruturas, a fusão depende de uma glicosilação e clivagem protéica prévias, para que o vírus se torne infeccioso. A glicosilação das proteínas de superfície está associada principalmente com a antigenicidade e com a estabilidade das proteínas de fusão. O presente trabalho analisa a influência da de-glicosilação sobre a atividade de fusão, usando vírus influenza A e C como modelos de estudo. A de-glicosilação parcial provocou significativa redução da atividade fusogênica, induzindo uma redução de 51,0%, 87,5%, 95,5% e 79,3% em relação às amostras de vírus influenza A/Memphis/102/72, A/FM/1/47, C/Taylor/1233/47 e C/Paris/1/67, respectivamente, acarretando também eventuais aumentos desta atividade biológica para certas amostras: 10,15% (pH 5,8), 59,47% (pH 5,8), 32,55% (pH 5,8) e 80,7% (pH 5,4) com relação às amostras de vírus influenza A/Memphis/102/72, A/FM/1/47, C/Taylor/1233/47 e A/Paris/1/67, respectivamente. Os resultados permitem concluir que o nível de glicosilação mostra-se estreitamente relacionado com a estabilidade das proteínas, causando o processo de-glicosilação uma influência significativa sobre a atividade fusogênica viral.
Liberação de flúor do Vitremer em diferentes proporções pó/líquido, em compação com dois selantes de fóssulas e fissuras
Authors: Bombonatti Juliana Fraga Soares , Navarro Maria Fidela de Lima , Elias Elisa Rueda , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Lauris José Roberto Pereira , Delbem Alberto Carlos Botazzo
Published: May 2018

A proposta deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar a liberação de flúor do cimento de ionômero de vidro Vitremer/3M em três diferentes proporções pó/líquido (1:1, ½:1 e ¼:1), em comparação com dois selantes: FluroShield/Dentsply e Vitro-Seal Alpha/DFL. Oito espécimes foram submetidos a um modelo de ciclagem de pH, sendo imersos alternadamente em soluções de desmineralização (6h) e remineralização (18h) e outros oito mantidos em água deionizada a 37oC sob agitação, trocada diariamente, por 15 dias. A concentração de F liberada nos períodos de 24 horas, 7 e 15 dias foi analisada através do eletrodo íon específico (Orion 9609), após tamponamento com TISAB II. Os resultados, em µgF/cm2 demonstraram que o Vitremer nas proporções ½:1 e ¼:1, tanto em H2O como em des-/re-, apresentou liberação de F significativamente maior em relação aos demais grupos, conforme mostrado pela ANOVA e pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05), não tendo havido diferença estatística significativa entre o Vitremer ½:1 e ¼:1 nas soluções de des-/re-. Assim, a alteração na consistência do Vitremer, tornando-o mais fluido, parece ser uma alternativa favorável sob o aspecto de liberação de F.
Recessão gengival na dentição decídua: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Orrico Silvana Regina Perez , Cirelli Carolina Chan , Rosa Fabiana Paim , Bacalhau Juliana Teixeira
Published: May 2018

Os autores relatam caso de recessão gengival na dentição decídua, uma ocorrência incomum, e discutem aspectos clínicos, fatores determinantes e predisponentes ao aparecimento do problema mucogengival, e o plano de tratamento com medidas interceptativas e preventivas.
Metaplasia tubária e uso de métodos contraceptivos
Authors: Ruas Nélia Maria Cunha , Sobrinho Carlito Lopes Nascimento , Barbosa Gustavo Göhringer de Almeida , Sadigursky Moysés , Barbosa Júnior Aryon De Almeida
Published: May 2018

Para determinar a freqüência de detecção de metaplasia tubária endocervical (MTE) em esfregaços citológicos cérvico-vaginais, foram revistos retrospectivamente 450 escolhidos ao acaso de 2.371 esfregaços cérvicovaginais Pap, sem anormalidades glandulares no primeiro exame — 150 de mulheres usando dispositivo intra-uterino (DIU); 150 de mulheres esterilizadas por laqueadura tubária bilateral (LTB); e 150 de mulheres usando nenhum ou outros métodos contraceptivos. MTE foi constatada em 16,7% das pacientes usando DIU; 70,1% das pacientes submetidas a LTB; e 49,0% das pacientes do último grupo. Células glandulares atípicas em citologia cervical são um problema tanto para clínicos quanto para patologistas. O diagnóstico diferencial de anormalidades glandulares endocervicais, incluindo MTE, é discutido.
Risco teratogênico: a percepção em diferentes segmentos da população
Authors: Embiruçu Emília Katiane , Sorte Ney Boa , Vidal Renata , Lessa Licemary , Panão Eliana , Mota Ana Carolina , Santana Tirza , Araújo Indira , Toralles Maria Betânia , Acosta Angelina Xavier
Published: May 2018

A percepção errônea do real risco teratogênico das drogas às quais as gestantes são expostas pode induzir a erros graves de conduta perante uma gravidez, ou pela interrupção desnecessária da gestação desejada, ou devido às seqüelas permanentes nas crianças. O conhecimento sobre o risco teratogênico é de fundamental importância para a população geral e, principalmente, para a comunidade médica. A percepção do risco teratogênico de quinze fármacos habituais e duas drogas ilícitas foi avaliada entre médicos, estudantes de medicina e mulheres leigas, utilizando-se uma escala visual, na qual os entrevistados assinalaram o risco em percentual de uma criança nascer com anomalia congênita secundária à exposição intra-útero às drogas estudadas. A média da percepção do risco teratogênico para as drogas avaliadas foi maior do que o risco real entre todos os grupos estudados. O risco real de anomalia congênita na população geral foi melhor reconhecido entre os médicos ginecologistas e obstetras. O melhor índice de acerto foi para drogas mais rotineiramente utilizadas durante a gestação (paracetamol e amoxacilina), de acordo com os obstetras.
Alterações histopatológicas em camundongos AKR/J reinfectados por Strongyloides venezuelensis
Authors: Melo Alan Lane de , Vasconcelos Anilton César , Gazzinelli Sandro Eugênio Pereira
Published: May 2018

Camundongos da linhagem AKR/J reinfectados por 500 larvas filarióides L3 de Strongyloides venezuelensis apresentaram reação inflamatória nos pulmões no 3º dia e no intestino no 7º dia após a reinfecção em relação aos animais somente infectados, não verificada quando esses animais foram submetidos ao tratamento pela dexametasona. Os resultados indicam que a reação inflamatória nos pulmões e no intestino exerce um papel importante na diminuição da população dos parasitos durante o processo de reinfecção pelo S venezuelensis em camundongos AKR/J. Quando esses camundongos foram submetidos à terapia pela dexametasona, a resposta inflamatória apresentou-se diminuída ou suprimida, apesar de ocorrer um grande número de parasitos.
Eficácia de um treinamento neuromuscular na intensidade da dor e na incidência da síndrome da dor femoropatelar entre dançarinos
Authors: Leite Carla
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste estudo clínico controlado foi verificar a eficácia de um programa de treinamento neuromuscular na intensidade da dor e na incidência da síndrome da dor femoropatelar entre dançarinos da cidade de Salvador. Trinta e quatro dançarinos, divididos em dois grupos, foram monitorados quanto à intensidade e à presença da dor no início e no final da intervenção. O programa de treinamento neuromuscular consistiu de exercícios para fortalecer e alongar os músculos dos membros inferiores, com ênfase nos músculos isquiotibiais e quadríceps, e alongamento da banda iliotibial, durante oito semanas. A análise estatística revelou uma diminuição significativa na intensidade da dor entre os dançarinos do grupo experimental. No entanto, a diminuição da incidência da dor não foi estatisticamente significativa, ainda que tenha sido encontrada uma redução de 41.2%, entre os dançarinos do grupo experimental, e uma redução de 11.76% no grupo controle. Pode-se concluir que um treinamento neuromuscular como o realizado pelo grupo experimental foi eficaz na redução da intensidade da dor entre dançarinos.
Intervenção cirúrgica combinada com a terapia antibiótica na osteomielite mandibular crônica: estudo de caso
Authors: Pozza Daniel Humberto , Neto Nelson Ribeiro , Sobrinho João Batista Macedo , Santos Jean Nunes , Weber João Batista Blessmann , Oliveira Marília Gerhardt de
Published: May 2018

A osteomielite crônica da mandíbula geralmente apresenta-se como uma patologia de difícil tratamento, necessitando de terapia antibiótica de longa duração e intervenção cirúrgica, por vezes agressiva. No presente estudo, relata-se uma paciente do gênero feminino de 54 anos, acometida por osteomielite crônica da mandíbula há oito meses, que foi tratada com sucesso através da associação medicamentosa com o tratamento cirúrgico.
Cisto dentígero em mandíbula: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Safira Lúcio Costa , Paim Jorge Marcelo , Carneiro Jr Bráulio , Queiroz Christiano Sampaio , Oliveira Thiara Bagdeve de , Ramalho Luciana Pedreira , Sarmento Viviane Almeida
Published: May 2018

Os autores relatam um caso clínico de um cisto dentígero em região anterior de mandíbula, juntamente com suas características clínicas, radiográficas e histológicas e seu tratamento cirúrgico.
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Tuning of Block Copolymer Based on Random Copolymerization for High‐Quality Sub‐6 nm Pattern Formation
Authors: Hur Yoon Hyung , Song Seung Won , Kim Jong Min , Park Woon Ik , Kim Kwang Ho , Kim YongJoo , Jung Yeon Sik
Published: May 2018

The precisely controllable self‐assembly phenomenon of block copolymers (BCPs) has garnered much attention because it yields well‐defined periodic nanostructures with a periodicity of 5–50 nm. However, from both thermodynamic and kinetic viewpoints, it still remains a challenge to develop a BCP material that can provide sub‐10 nm resolution, high pattern quality, fast pattern formation, and sufficient etch selectivity. To address these challenges, this study reports a BCP system containing a random‐copolymerized block (poly(2‐vinylpyridine‐co‐4‐vinylpyridne)‐b‐poly(dimethylsiloxane) (P(2VP‐co‐4VP)‐b‐PDMS)) that can provide sub‐6 nm resolution, 3σ line edge roughness of 0.89 nm, sub‐1‐min assembly time, and a high etch selectivity over 10. Calculation of the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ) based on Leibler's mean‐field theory and small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurement data confirms the gradual tunability of χ with the controlled addition of 4VP fraction in the P(2VP‐co‐4VP) block. While guaranteeing kinetically fast self‐assembly within one minute using microwave annealing, the best pattern quality resulting from the thermodynamic suppression of line edge fluctuation is achieved with a 4VP weight fraction of 33% in the random‐copolymerized block. This approach enables systematical control of sub‐6 nm scale BCP self‐assembly and will provide a practical patterning solution for diverse nanostructures and devices.
Nanoporous Metallic Networks: Fabrication, Optical Properties, and Applications
Authors: Ron Racheli , Haleva Emir , Salomon Adi
Published: May 2018

Nanoporous metallic networks are a group of porous materials made of solid metals with suboptical wavelength sizes of both particles and voids. They are characterized by unique optical properties, as well as high surface area and permeability of guest materials. As such, they attract a great focus as novel materials for photonics, catalysis, sensing, and renewable energy. Their properties together with the ability for scaling‐up evoke an increased interest also in the industrial field. Here, fabrication techniques of large‐scale metallic networks are discussed, and their interesting optical properties as well as their applications are considered. In particular, the focus is on disordered systems, which may facilitate the fabrication technique, yet, endow the three‐dimensional (3D) network with distinct optical properties. These metallic networks bridge the nanoworld into the macroscopic world, and therefore pave the way to the fabrication of innovative materials with unique optoelectronic properties.
Artificial Rod and Cone Photoreceptors with Human‐Like Spectral Sensitivities
Authors: Park Byeongho , Yang Heehong , Ha Tai Hwan , Park Hyun Seo , Oh Seung Ja , Ryu Yong‐Sang , Cho Youngho , Kim Hyo‐Suk , Oh Juyeong , Lee Dong Kyu , Kim Chulki , Lee Taikjin , Seo Minah , Choi Jaebin , Jhon Young Min , Woo Deok Ha , Lee Seok , Kim Seok Hwan , Lee Hyuk‐Jae , Jun Seong Chan , Song Hyun Seok , Park Tai Hyun , Kim Jae Hun
Published: May 2018

Photosensitive materials contain biologically engineered elements and are constructed using delicate techniques, with special attention devoted to efficiency, stability, and biocompatibility. However, to date, no photosensitive material has been developed to replace damaged visual‐systems to detect light and transmit the signal to a neuron in the human body. In the current study, artificial nanovesicle‐based photosensitive materials are observed to possess the characteristics of photoreceptors similar to the human eye. The materials exhibit considerably effective spectral characteristics according to each pigment. Four photoreceptors originating from the human eye with color‐distinguishability are produced in human embryonic kidney (HEK)‐293 cells and partially purified in the form of nanovesicles. Under various wavelengths of visible light, electrochemical measurements are performed to analyze the physiological behavior and kinetics of the photoreceptors, with graphene, performing as an electrode, playing an important role in the lipid bilayer deposition and oxygen reduction processes. Four nanovesicles with different photoreceptors, namely, rhodopsin (Rho), short‐, medium‐, and longwave sensitive opsin 1 (1SW, 1MW, 1LW), show remarkable color‐dependent characteristics, consistent with those of natural human retina. With four different light‐emitting diodes for functional verification, the photoreceptors embedded in nanovesicles show remarkably specific color sensitivity. This study demonstrates the potential applications of light‐activated platforms in biological optoelectronic industries.
Nanosheets of Nonlayered Aluminum Metal–Organic Frameworks through a Surfactant‐Assisted Method
Authors: Pustovarenko Alexey , Goesten Maarten G. , Sachdeva Sumit , Shan Meixia , Amghouz Zakariae , Belmabkhout Youssef , Dikhtiarenko Alla , Rodenas Tania , Keskin Damla , Voets Ilja K. , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Eddaoudi Mohamed , de Smet Louis C. P. M. , Sudhölter Ernst J. R. , Kapteijn Freek , Seoane Beatriz , Gascon Jorge
Published: May 2018

During the last decade, the synthesis and application of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets has received growing interest, showing unique performances for different technological applications. Despite the potential of this type of nanolamellar materials, the synthetic routes developed so far are restricted to MOFs possessing layered structures, limiting further development in this field. Here, a bottom‐up surfactant‐assisted synthetic approach is presented for the fabrication of nanosheets of various nonlayered MOFs, broadening the scope of MOF nanosheets application. Surfactant‐assisted preorganization of the metallic precursor prior to MOF synthesis enables the manufacture of nonlayered Al‐containing MOF lamellae. These MOF nanosheets are shown to exhibit a superior performance over other crystal morphologies for both chemical sensing and gas separation. As revealed by electron microscopy and diffraction, this superior performance arises from the shorter diffusion pathway in the MOF nanosheets, whose 1D channels are oriented along the shortest particle dimension.
Synthesis of an All‐Ferric Cuboidal Iron–Sulfur Cluster [FeIII4S4(SAr)4]
Authors: Moula Golam , Matsumoto Tsuyoshi , Miehlich Matthias E. , Meyer Karsten , Tatsumi Kazuyuki
Published: May 2018

An unprecedented, super oxidized all‐ferric iron–sulfur cubanoid cluster with all terminal thiolates, Fe4S4(STbt)4 (3) [Tbt=2,4,6‐tris{bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl}phenyl], has been isolated from the reaction of the bis‐thiolate complex Fe(STbt)2 (2) with elemental sulfur. This cluster 3 has been characterized by X‐ray crystallography, zero‐field 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and other relevant physico‐chemical methods. Based on all the data, the electronic ground state of the cluster has been assigned to be Stot=0.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Organic Photochemical Reactions through Energy‐Transfer Pathways
Authors: Zhou Quan‐Quan , Zou You‐Quan , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: May 2018

Visible‐light photocatalysis is a rapidly developing and powerful strategy to initiate organic transformations, as it closely adheres to the tenants of green and sustainable chemistry. Generally, most visible‐light‐induced photochemical reactions occur through single‐electron transfer (SET) pathways. Recently, visible‐light‐induced energy‐transfer (EnT) reactions have received considerable attentions from the synthetic community as this strategy provides a distinct reaction pathway, and remarkable achievements have been made in this field. In this Review, we highlight the most recent advances in visible‐light‐induced EnT reactions.
Highly efficient CO2 capture with a metal–organic framework‐derived porous carbon impregnated with polyethyleneimine
Authors: Salehi Samira , Anbia Mansoor
Published: May 2018

Global warming is considered as one of the great challenges of the twenty‐first century. Application of CO2 capture and storage technologies to flue gas is considered to be a useful method of lessening global warning. Highly porous carbon has played an important role in tackling energy and environmental problems. We attempted to synthesize a highly porous carbon adsorbent by carbonizing a highly crystalline metal–organic framework (MOF) without any carbon precursors and focused on the adsorption of CO2 and CH4 gases and CO2/CH4 selectivity at 298, 323 and 348 K using a volumetric apparatus. The MOF‐derived porous carbon (MDC) was prepared by direct carbonization of MOF‐199 as a template at 900 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. Amino‐impregnated MDC samples exhibited enhanced adsorption capacities by a combination of physical and chemical adsorption. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was selected as the amine source, which was found to greatly enhance CO2 capture when supported on the porous carbon. Novel PEI‐impregnated MDC nanocomposites were synthesized by wetness impregnation and then characterized using various methods.
Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide‐based hybrid ligand and its metal complexes: Highly efficient sensor and catalytic properties
Authors: Karabörk Muharrem , Maher Zubair R. , Uruş Serhan , Tümer Mehmet
Published: May 2018

A new graphene oxide‐based hybrid material (HL) and its Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) metal complexes were prepared. Firstly, graphene oxide and (3‐aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane were reacted to give graphene oxide–3‐(aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (GO‐APTMS) hybrid material. After that, hybrid material HL was synthesized from the reaction of GO‐APTMS and 2,6‐diformyl‐4‐methylphenol. Finally, Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes of HL were obtained. All the materials were characterized using various techniques. The chemosensor properties of HL were investigated against Na+, K+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Fe3+ and Mn3+ ions and it was found that HL has selective chemosensing to Fe3+ ion. All the graphene oxide‐supported complexes were used as heterogeneous catalysts in the oxidation of 2‐methylnaphthalene (2MN) to 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (vitamin K3, menadione) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid and sulfuric acid. The Cu(II) complex showed good catalytic properties compared to the literature. The selectivity of 2MN to vitamin K3 was 60.23% with 99.75% conversion using the Cu(II) complex.
Preliminary results of an integrated archaeo‐geophysical survey on the basis of ancient finds unearthed by an illegal excavation at Kılıç Ören site (Isparta, Turkey)
Authors: Yilmaz Sedat , Oksum Erdinc , Cakmak Olcay , Dogan Onur , Tekelioğlu Erkan
Published: May 2018

An archaeo‐geophysical study was performed at the Ören site (Kılıç village north of Isparta, Turkey) where an illegal excavation revealed a monumental relic which is thought to belong to the Roman period. Therefore, an area, which is about 0.2 ha in size around the illegal excavation location, has been investigated using electrical resistivity imaging, ground penetrating radar and magnetic methods to determine the presence and extent of buried archaeological remains. The data sets were evaluated with inversion, signal and image processing techniques. The integrated usage of the results revealed the shape, extent and the depth of buried archaeological remains, which have regular geometry in some locations of the investigated site. These results indicate the presence of regular archaeological features and architectural planning in the area.
The Lupus‐Associated Fcγ Receptor IIb–I232T Polymorphism Results in Impairment in the Negative Selection of Low‐Affinity Germinal Center B Cells Via c‐Abl in Mice
Authors: Jhou Jyun‐Pei , Yu I‐Shing , Hwai Haw , Chen Chih‐Shan , Chen Pei‐Lung , Tzeng Shiang‐Jong
Published: May 2018

Objective

Fcγ receptor IIb (FcγRIIb) is an essential negative regulator of B cells that blocks B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and triggers c‐Abl–dependent apoptosis of B cells. FcγRIIb‐deficient mice display splenomegaly with expansion of B cells, leading to lupus. FcγRIIb‐I232T is a hypofunctional polymorphism associated with lupus susceptibility in humans, an autoimmune disease linked to diminished deletion of autoreactive B cells. In the context of the FcγRIIb‐I232T polymorphism, we investigated the role of FcγRIIb in the deletion of low‐affinity germinal center (GC) B cells, an important mechanism for preventing autoimmunity.

Methods

We generated FcγRIIb232T/T mice to mimic human FcγRIIb‐I232T carriers and immunized mice with chicken gamma globulin (CGG)–conjugated NP, a T cell–dependent antigen, to examine the response of GC B cells.

Results

Compared to wild‐type (WT) mice, FcγRIIb232T/T mice showed increased numbers of low‐affinity NP‐specific IgG and NP‐specific B cells and plasma cells; additionally, the expression of a somatic mutation (W33L) in their VH186.2 genes encoding high‐affinity BCR was reduced. Notably, FcγRIIb232T/T mice had a higher number of GC light zone B cells and showed less apoptosis than WT mice, despite having equivalent follicular helper T cell numbers and function. Moreover, phosphorylation of c‐Abl was reduced in FcγRIIb232T/T mice, and treatment of WT mice with the c‐Abl inhibitor nilotinib during the peak of GC response resulted in reduced affinity maturation reminiscent of FcγRIIb232T/T mice.

Conclusion

Our findings provide evidence of a critical role of FcγRIIb/c‐Abl in the negative selection of GC B cells in FcγRIIb232T/T mice. Importantly, our findings indicate potential benefits of up‐regulating FcγRIIb expression in B cells for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Cox model with interval‐censored covariate in cohort studies
Authors: Ahn Soohyun , Lim Johan , Paik Myunghee Cho , Sacco Ralph L. , Elkind Mitchell S.
Published: May 2018

In cohort studies the outcome is often time to a particular event, and subjects are followed at regular intervals. Periodic visits may also monitor a secondary irreversible event influencing the event of primary interest, and a significant proportion of subjects develop the secondary event over the period of follow‐up. The status of the secondary event serves as a time‐varying covariate, but is recorded only at the times of the scheduled visits, generating incomplete time‐varying covariates. While information on a typical time‐varying covariate is missing for entire follow‐up period except the visiting times, the status of the secondary event are unavailable only between visits where the status has changed, thus interval‐censored. One may view interval‐censored covariate of the secondary event status as missing time‐varying covariates, yet missingness is partial since partial information is provided throughout the follow‐up period. Current practice of using the latest observed status produces biased estimators, and the existing missing covariate techniques cannot accommodate the special feature of missingness due to interval censoring. To handle interval‐censored covariates in the Cox proportional hazards model, we propose an available‐data estimator, a doubly robust‐type estimator as well as the maximum likelihood estimator via EM algorithm and present their asymptotic properties. We also present practical approaches that are valid. We demonstrate the proposed methods using our motivating example from the Northern Manhattan Study.
Evidence for the Formation of a Radical‐Mediated Flavin‐N5 Covalent Intermediate
Authors: Dai Yumin , Valentino Hannah , Sobrado Pablo
Published: May 2018

The redox‐neutral reaction catalyzed by 2‐haloacrylate hydratase (2‐HAH) leads to the conversion of 2‐chloroacrylate to pyruvate. Previous mechanistic studies demonstrated the formation of a flavin‐iminium ion as an important intermediate in the 2‐HAH catalytic cycle. Time‐resolved flavin absorbance studies were performed in this study, and the data showed that the enzyme is capable of stabilizing both anionic and neutral flavin semiquinone species. The presence of a radical scavenger decreases the activity in a concentration‐dependent manner. These data are consistent with the flavin iminium intermediate occurring by radical recombination.
Edwards Sapien XT® pulmonic valve compression after resuscitation and successful redilatation
Authors: Lehner Anja , Kantzis Marinos , Haas Nikolaus A.
Published: May 2018

Despite the increasing use of percutaenous valves, little is known about valve performance after external chest compression. We report a case of a compressed pulmonary Edwards Sapien® XT valve after resuscitation. With the patient on ECMO, successful redilatation was performed with unimpaired postprocedural valve function. We aim to increase the awareness for valve distortion after external chest compression with increasing numbers of transcatheter valvulations. We suggest that immediate re‐evaluation of the implanted device via biplane fluoroscopy is mandatory after resuscitation in such cases.
An efficient method for autoencoder‐based collaborative filtering
Authors: Wang Yi‐Lei , Tang Wen‐Zhe , Yang Xian‐Jun , Wu Ying‐Jie , Chen Fu‐Ji
Published: May 2018

Collaborative filtering (CF) is a widely used technique in recommender systems. With rapid development in deep learning, neural network‐based CF models have gained great attention in the recent years, especially autoencoder‐based CF model. Although autoencoder‐based CF model is faster compared with some existing neural network‐based models (eg, Deep Restricted Boltzmann Machine‐based CF), it is still impractical to handle extremely large‐scale data. In this paper, we practically verify that most non‐zero entries of the input matrix are concentrated in a few rows. Considering this sparse characteristic, we propose a new method for training autoencoder‐based CF. We run experiments on two popular datasets MovieLens 1 M and MovieLens 10 M. Experimental results show that our algorithm leads to orders of magnitude speed‐up for training (stacked) autoencoder‐based CF model while achieving comparable performance compared with existing state‐of‐the‐art models.
Ignition and erosion of materials by arcing in fusion‐relevant conditions
Authors: Hwangbo Dogyun , Kajita Shin , Barengolts Sergey A. , Tsventoukh Mikhail M. , Kawaguchi Shota , Mesyats Vadim G. , Ohno Noriyasu
Published: May 2018

This study investigated the characteristics of arcing initiated on nanostructured fuzzy tungsten (W) surfaces in helium (He) plasmas. Under the same He plasma conditions, the relationship between arc voltage and current was characterized as linear due to plasma resistance across the He plasma from the target surface to the plasma source. Properties of the erosion caused by arcing were investigated by focusing on two parameters: arc current and fuzzy layer thickness. The erosion per charge was significantly dependent on the thickness of the fuzzy layer but did not depend on the arc current. Sample surface analysis revealed that drastic changes in arc spot grouping features were accompanied by the fuzzy layer thickness variation. The ecton model indicated that the erosion as ions does not play a main role, but mechanical destruction by momentum transfer from the explosive electron emission centre to neighbouring nanowires seems to enhance the erosion greatly.
Evaluation of SnSe crystals fabricated by temperature gradient method with double tubes seal
Authors: Tsujioka Yusuke , Tahashi Masahiro , Ichino Yusuke , Tsuchiya Yuji , Goto Hideo , Yoshida Yutaka
Published: May 2018

Thermoelectric power generation can effectively utilize waste heat. ZT representing the performance of thermoelectric materials is required to have a value of 2 or more for the applications. SnSe with a high ZT of 2.6 has an anisotropy of thermoelectric properties due to the crystal structure. Since heat exists in various places, many SnSe single crystals are considered to be necessary. Here we attempted to grow single crystals of SnSe by a temperature gradient method as a simple technique. Also we prevented evaporation of SnSe with double tubes seal. We fabricated SnSe crystals at the cooling rates of 5, 10, and 50℃/h using MgO (100) single crystalline substrate as seed crystal. The SnSe crystal fabricated at a cooling rate of 50℃/h was shown to be polycrystal. On the other hand, the SnSe crystal fabricated at a slower cooling rate of 10℃/h was shown to be pseudo‐single crystal with stoichiometric composition. The temperature dependence of the electric conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient of the SnSe crystals was the same tendency as that of SnSe single crystal.
Water Oxidation Reaction Mediated by an Octanuclear Iron‐Oxo Cluster
Authors: Deutscher Jennifer , Corona Teresa , Warm Katrin , Engelmann Xenia , Sobottka Sebastian , Braun‐Cula Beatrice , Sarkar Biprajit , Ray Kallol
Published: May 2018

A one‐pot synthetic procedure yields the octanuclear FeIII complex [Fe8(µ4‐O)4(µ‐4‐tBu‐pz)12Cl4] (2). The molecular structure of 2 resembles the building units of iron‐containing minerals like magnetite, ferrihydrite and maghemite. Based on mechanistic investigation we propose that in presence of Et3N, iron(III) pyrazolates are reduced to iron(II) pyrazolates, which then activate dioxygen to form 2. Complex 2 exhibits unique spectroscopic and electrochemical properties relative to those of the previously reported Fe8 clusters based on pyrazolate ligands. Furthermore, 2 can oxidize water to hydrogen peroxide, thereby mimicking the water splitting process taking place at the surface of magnetite. Compound 2 therefore acts as both structural and functional models of iron‐containing minerals.
Probing Tripodal Peptide Scaffolds as Insulin and IGF‐1 Receptor Ligands
Authors: Fabre Benjamin , Pícha Jan , Selicharová Irena , Žáková Lenka , Chrudinová Martina , Hajduch Jan , Jiráček Jiří
Published: May 2018

Non‐natural compounds mimicking the actions of proteins and large peptides can find a plethora of applications in modulating protein–protein interactions. In this study, the biological properties of three new tripodal and trifunctional scaffolds designed for the solid‐phase synthesis of three different peptides on the same scaffold were tested. Using model peptide sequences derived from receptor‐binding epitopes from insulin or peptides derived from previously developed insulin mimetics, the quality of scaffold‐derived compounds were probed as binders of the insulin and IGF‐1 receptors and as activators of the insulin receptor. Two compounds were identified that could bind insulin receptors with low micromolar affinities. It was found that factors influencing the activities of scaffold‐based compounds are complex and that the properties of compounds are due to specific peptide sequences placed on specific arms of the scaffolds. This opens up new avenues for combinatorial libraries of scaffold‐based compounds, which could provide new activators or inhibitors of both receptors. The potential of the scaffold‐based compounds is further underlined by a substantially higher metabolic stability of scaffold‐linked peptides compared to peptides alone.
Development of a fast CE method for high throughput screening of ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase inhibitors
Authors: Raza Rabia , Bai Yu , Liu Huwei
Published: May 2018

Overexpression of ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase is found to be linked to cancer progression and other diseases which makes screening of its inhibitors on demand. Unfortunately, there is scarcity of reported ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase inhibitors because of unavailability of simple, fast and efficient methods to study its inhibition. In this study, we have developed a very fast, reverse polarity capillary electrophoresis based method for screening of ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase inhibitors. Both EOF and electrophoretic mobility were maintained in same direction by dynamically coating lining of capillary and applying negative voltage, resulting in appearance of both adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine peaks in less than 2 min. Separations were performed in reverse polarity using ‐20 kV. Hexadimethrine bromide (HDB) was used as a buffer additive (0.025% in 40 mM borate buffer). An online sample stacking was attained by a special sweeping effect which enabled a long (65 s) injection time without compromise in peak shape. Using this newly developed method, both AMP and adenosine peaks were obtained with a baseline resolution, in less than two minutes. Method was validated by measuring km, and Vmax values of human ecto‐5′‐nucleotidas and Ki value of standard inhibitor quercitin against this enzyme. Method is simple and fast and can be conveniently optimized for high throughput screening of ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase inhibitors.