bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Self-Learning Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm for Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problem with Job Insertion
Authors: Long Xiaojun , Zhang Jingtao , Zhou Kai , Jin Tianguo
Published: March 2022

To solve the problem of inserting new job into flexible job-shops, this paper proposes a dynamic self-learning artificial bee colony (DSLABC) optimization algorithm to solve dynamic flexible job-shop scheduling problem (DFJSP). Through the reasonable arrangement of the processing sequence of the jobs and the corresponding relationship between the operations and the machines, the makespan can be shortened, the economic benefit of the job-shop and the utilization rate of the processing machine can be improved. Firstly, the Q-learning algorithm and the traditional artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm are combined to form the self-learning artificial bee colony (SLABC) algorithm. Using the learning characteristics of the Q-learning algorithm, the update dimension of each iteration of the ABC algorithm can be dynamically adjusted, which improves the convergence accuracy of the ABC algorithm. Secondly, the specific method of dynamic scheduling is determined, and the DSLABC algorithm is proposed. When a new job is inserted, the new job and the operations that have not started processing will be rescheduled. Finally, through solving the Brandimarte instances, it is proved that the convergence accuracy of the SLABC algorithm is higher than that of other optimization algorithms, and the effectiveness of the DSLABC algorithm is demonstrated by solving a specific example with a new job inserted.
Bioleaching and Selective Precipitation for Metal Recovery from Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag
Authors: Kremser Klemens , Thallner Sophie , Spiess Sabine , Kucera Jiri , Vaculovic Tomas , Všianský Dalibor , Haberbauer Marianne , Guebitz Georg M.
Published: March 2022

Decreasing ore grades and an increasing consumption of metals has led to a shortage of important primary raw materials. Therefore, the urban mining of different deposits and anthropogenic stocks is of increasing interest. Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag is produced in huge quantities with the so-called Linz-Donawitz process and contains up to 5.2, 0.9, 0.1, and 0.07% of Mn, Al, Cr, and V, respectively. In the present study, sulfur-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and iron- and sulfur-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus ferridurans were applied in batch and stirred tank experiments to investigate the biological extraction of metals from BOF slag. In the batch experiments, up to 96.6, 52.8, 41.6, and 29.3% of Cr, Al, Mn, and V, respectively, were recovered. The stirred tank experiments, with increasing slag concentrations from 10 to 75 g/L, resulted in higher extraction efficiencies for A. ferridurans and lower acid consumption. Selective metal precipitation was performed at pH values ranging between 2.5 and 5.0 to study the recovery of Mn, Al, Cr, and V from the biolixiviant. Selective precipitation of V and Cr was achieved at pH 4.0 from A. thiooxidans biolixiviant, while Fe and V could be selectively recovered from A. ferridurans biolixiviant at pH 3.0. This work revealed the potential of BOF slag as an artificial ore for urban mining and demonstrated that combining bioleaching and selective precipitation is an effective method for sustainable metal recovery.
Exploration of Defect Dynamics and Color Center Qubit Synthesis with Pulsed Ion Beams
Authors: Schenkel Thomas , Redjem Walid , Persaud Arun , Liu Wei , Seidl Peter A. , Amsellem Ariel J. , Kanté Boubacar , Ji Qing
Published: March 2022

Short-pulse ion beams have been developed in recent years and now enable applications in materials science. A tunable flux of selected ions delivered in pulses of a few nanoseconds can affect the balance of defect formation and dynamic annealing in materials. We report results from color center formation in silicon with pulses of 900 keV protons. G-centers in silicon are near-infrared photon emitters with emerging applications as single-photon sources and for spin-photon qubit integration. G-centers consist of a pair of substitutional carbon atoms and one silicon interstitial atom and are often formed by carbon ion implantation and thermal annealing. Here, we report on G-center formation with proton pulses in silicon samples that already contained carbon, without carbon ion implantation or thermal annealing. The number of G-centers formed per proton increased when we increased the pulse intensity from 6.9 × 109 to 7.9 × 1010 protons/cm2/pulse, demonstrating a flux effect on G-center formation efficiency. We observe a G-center ensemble linewidth of 0.1 nm (full width half maximum), narrower than previously reported. Pulsed ion beams can extend the parameter range available for fundamental studies of radiation-induced defects and the formation of color centers for spin-photon qubit applications.
Interpreting the Trends of Extreme Precipitation in Florida through Pressure Change
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wu Songzi , Li Tiantian , Yu Ziwen , Bian Jiang
Published: March 2022

Precipitation is one of the many important natural factors impacting agriculture and natural resource management. Although statistics have been applied to investigate the non-stationary trend and the unpredictable variances of precipitation under climate change, existing methods usually lack a sound physical basis that can be generally applied in any location and at any time for future extrapolation, especially in tropical areas. Physically, the formation of precipitation is a result of ascending air which reduces air pressure and condenses moisture into drops, either by irregular terrain or atmospheric phenomena (e.g., via frontal lifting). Thus, in this paper, pressure change events (PCEs) will be used as a physical indicator of the stability of atmospheric systems to reveal the impact of temperature on precipitation in the tropical areas of Florida. By using data from both national and regional weather observation networks, this study segments the continuous observation series into PCE sequences for further analysis divided by dry and wet seasons. The results reveal that the frequency and intensity of PCE are highly associated with the occurrences of weather events. Decreasing pressure favors precipitation, and may turn extreme when the temperature and air moisture are sufficient to fuel the process. With similar intensity, decreasing pressure change events (DePCEs) generally bear a higher probability of precipitation (POP) and precipitation depth (PD) than increasing pressure change events (InPCEs). The frequency of alternating between InPCEs and DePCEs is subject to the temperature of the season and climate. Due to the seasonal fluctuations of weather characteristics, such as temperature and relative humidity, the dependence of extreme precipitation on these characteristics can be interpreted via PCE. A 7% increase rate of precipitation vs. temperature rise, determined by the Clausius—Clapeyron (C—C) relationship, can be observed from extreme precipitation with variances in the season and PCE types. Although indicated by other research, active vertical movement of air caused by a phase change in water at the frozen point is not pronounced in Florida. The response patterns of humidity to precipitation also vary by season and PCE types in extreme conditions. In summary, PCEs demonstrate reliable physical evidence of precipitation formation and can better associate the occurrence and intensity of extreme weather with other characteristics. In turn, such associations embody the underlying physical concepts present at any location in the world.
CALIOP-Based Quantification of Central Asian Dust Transport
Authors: Han Ying , Wang Tianhe , Tan Ruiqi , Tang Jingyi , Wang Chengyun , He Shanjuan , Dong Yuanzhu , Huang Zhongwei , Bi Jianrong
Published: March 2022

Central Asia is one of the most important sources of mineral saline dust worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of Central Asian dust transport is essential for evaluating its impacts on human health, ecological safety, weather and climate. This study first puts forward an observation-based climatology of Central Asian dust transport flux by using the 3-D dust detection of Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). The seasonal difference of transport flux and downstream contribution are evaluated and compared with those of the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Central Asian dust can be transported not only southward in summer under the effect of the South Asian summer monsoon, but also eastward in other seasons under the control of the westerly jet. Additionally, the transport of Central Asian dust across the Pamir Plateau to the Tibetan Plateau is also non-negligible, especially during spring (with a transport flux rate of 150 kg m−1 day−1). The annual CALIOP-based downstream contribution of Central Asian dust to South Asian (164.01 Tg) is 2.1 times that to East Asia (78.36 Tg). This can be attributed to the blocking effect of the higher terrain between Central and East Asia. Additionally, the downstream contributions to South and East Asia from MERRA-2 are only 0.36 and 0.84 times that of CALIOP, respectively. This difference implies the overestimation of the wet and dry depositions of the model, especially in the low latitude zone. The quantification of the Central Asian dust transport allows a better understanding of the Central Asian dust cycle, and supports the calibration/validation of aerosol-related modules of regional and global climate models.
Error Analysis of Narrowband Power-Line Communication in the Off-Grid Electrical System
Authors: Blazek Vojtech , Slanina Zdenek , Petruzela Michal , Hrbáč Roman , Vysocký Jan , Prokop Lukas , Misak Stanislav , Walendziuk Wojciech
Published: March 2022

Narrowband power-line communication seems to be a suitable communication technology designed for off-grid renewable energy solutions. Existing electrical installations can be designed both for the transmission of electricity and for the communication of electrical equipment operating inside such an installation. This study presents an implementation of the above-mentioned off-grid communication system and examines the basic problems related to its exploitation. The authors of this article focused their attention primarily on examining the disturbance of the communication channel caused by the use of typical electrical devices, such as: a light bulb, a kettle, etc. used in a household. The aim of the research was also to find the impact of switching on individual devices and their combinations on the disturbances during data transmission. Measurements of incorrectly transmitted data packets were carried out and then the test results were referred to the error measures. Moreover, the influence of the carrier frequencies on the signal attenuation and the method of eliminating the existing interferences were also discussed.
Simplified and Low-Cost Characterization of Medium-Voltage Low-Power Voltage Transformers in the Power Quality Frequency Range
Authors: Mingotti Alessandro , Betti Christian , Peretto Lorenzo , Tinarelli Roberto
Published: March 2022

The distribution network is experiencing a massive deployment of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) such as energy meters, protective devices, and phasor measurement units (PMUs). This phenomenon resulted, on the one hand, in (i) the availability of distributed measurement systems capable of monitoring and collecting measurements from the distribution network, and (ii) increasing awareness of the system operator about the status of the network. On the other hand, such a significant number of devices require to be characterized, over the years, and assessed in both sinusoidal and distorted conditions. However, the characterization process may require a huge investment of money and time considering the low availability of reference instruments and accredited laboratories. To this purpose, this paper presents a simple and fast test procedure, performed with cheap and low-voltage instrumentation, to characterize two off-the-shelf low-power medium-voltage sensors in the power quality frequency range. In detail, the paper describes the measurement setup developed for the characterization and the performed tests. In addition, the method was also reproduced with reference equipment for validation purposes. Lastly, for both tests, an uncertainty evaluation was performed to quantify the goodness of the proposed method. From the results, it is possible to appreciate that the designed cheap and simple test can achieve as accurate results as those of a sophisticated and expensive equipment.
Movement-Based Participatory Inquiry: The Multi-Voiced Story of the Survivors Justice Project
Authors: Boudin Kathy , Clark Judith , Fine Michelle , Isaacs Elizabeth , Daniel Jones Michelle , Mahabir Melissa , Mogulescu Kate , Sabur-Mumin Anisah , Smith Patrice , Szlekovics Monica , Torre María Elena , White-Harrigan Sharon , Wilkins Cheryl
Published: March 2022

We write as the Survivors Justice Project (SJP), a legal/organizing/social work/research collective born in the aftermath of the 2019 passage of the New York State Domestic Violence Survivors Justice Act (DVSJA), a law that allows judges to re-sentence survivors of domestic violence currently in prison and to grant shorter terms or program alternatives to survivors upon their initial sentencing. Our work braids litigation, social research, advocacy, organizing, popular education, professional development for the legal and social work communities, and support for women in prison going through the DVSJA process and those recently released. We are organized to theorize and co-produce new knowledges about the gendered and racialized violence of the carceral state and, more specifically, to support women currently serving time in New York State to access/understand the law, submit petitions, and hopefully be freed. In this article we review our collective work engaged through research and action, bridging higher education and movements for decarceration through racial/gender/economic justice, and venture into three aspects of our praxis: epistemic justice in our internal dynamics; accountabilities and deep commitments to women still incarcerated and those recently released, even and especially during COVID-19; and delicate solidarities, exploring external relations with policy makers, judges, defense attorneys, advocates, and prosecutors in New York State, other states, and internationally.
Designing with Ecosystem Modelling: The Sponge District Application in İzmir, Turkey
Authors: Salata Stefano , Arslan Bertan
Published: March 2022

Climate change is threatening coastal cities affected by multiple hazards worldwide. Due to the increase in extreme weather events and the low capacity of cities to adapt to these odds, losses, exposure, and fatalities arise with the occurred events. Besides, traditional hazard mapping and risk planning techniques often fall behind when facing a climate crisis since extreme changes in quantity, frequency, and distribution of meteorological phenomena are observed. Specific and localized flood vulnerability mitigation strategies need to be developed, particularly for settlements on coastal and sloppy areas with a high risk of stream accumulation during rainfall days. This paper uses the urban flood risk mitigation of Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) generated within the Natural Capital Project to determine İzmir’s cloudburst vulnerability level. The city has experienced several cloudbursts in the last couple of months which inundated densely populated areas. The soil’s hydrologic conductibility and the land use/land cover (LULC) map were required as main inputs. The LULC map was produced on the basis of surface imperviousness. The model calculates the run-off volume and how much is retained by soil and vegetation. Outputs were used to concretely apply the sponge district concept while designing performance-based ecosystem solutions. In the light of the findings, the new performance-based design demonstrated how digital ecosystem modelling could support the urban design decision-making process.
Car-Free Day on a University Campus: Determinants of Participation and Potential Impacts on Sustainable Travel Behavior
Authors: Pedreira Junior Jorge Ubirajara , Rodrigues da Silva Antônio Nélson , Pitombo Cira Souza
Published: March 2022

This research investigates the potential of inducing willingness to travel less by car with a Car-Free Day campaign and reveals under which circumstances it could be more effective. An online survey was conducted after the event, wherein questions about attitudes toward the campaign, participation and intention of traveling less by car, as well as sociodemographic attributes and travel features were asked. First, the impacts of situational constraints (travel distance, trip chaining and perceived insecurity) on participation were investigated. Secondly, it was examined whether engaging with the campaign increases the intention of traveling less by car after controlling for sociodemographic attributes, attitudes toward the campaign and situational constraints. Logistic regression models have shown that increased travel distance and trip chaining curb participation in the campaign and that the odds of being positively influenced by the campaign is almost four times higher for individuals who engaged with the campaign compared with those who did not participate. This study provides important empirical evidence of a Car-Free Day campaign’s potential of fostering a more sustainable travel behavior, which so far has not been systematically investigated. Finally, relevant policy implications and guidelines on the planning and conduction of a Car-Free Day event that could enhance the likelihood of its success were discussed.
Comparative Analysis on Dehumidification Performance of KCOOH–LiCl Hybrid Liquid Desiccant Air-Conditioning System: An Energy-Saving Approach
Authors: Kumar Kashish , Singh Alok , Shaik Saboor , Saleel C Ahamed , Aabid Abdul , Baig Muneer
Published: March 2022

Conventional air conditioners (AC) operate on vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) technology, which is a heavy consumer of electricity, and the used refrigerants harm the environment. In humid and hot areas, a liquid desiccant AC system integrated with a VCR system has been proposed as a better alternative to traditional standalone VCR system, as it is an energy-efficient system that can remove latent air load, air pollutants from the processed air, and it is energy-saving. In this study, a hybrid liquid desiccant air conditioning (LDAC) system with a capacity of 5.5 kW was designed and developed by integrating these two different technologies, and the vapor pressure of potassium formate (KCOOH) solution at different solution temperatures and concentrations were monitored experimentally to determine the optimal concentration range. Moreover, a comparative study was conducted to analyze the dehumidification performance of lithium chloride (LiCl) and KCOOH solutions. Experiments are designed by using Minitab 19 software, which employs the design of an experimental technique through full factorial design by considering four variables, namely, type of desiccant, inlet air flow rate, inlet desiccant temperature, and inlet air humidity. To study and compare dehumidification characteristics of both solutions, three responses were considered, i.e., the coefficient of performance of a hybrid system, the heat load of dehumidifier, and specific humidity change. Experimental results revealed that 70% of KCOOH solution exhibited comparable vapor pressure to that of 36% LiCl solution. Additionally, the dehumidification ability of the KCOOH solution was better than that of the LiCl solutions.
Rescheduling Plan Optimization of Underground Mine Haulage Equipment Based on Random Breakdown Simulation
Authors: Li Ning , Feng Shuzhao , Lei Tao , Ye Haiwang , Wang Qizhou , Wang Liguan , Jia Mingtao
Published: March 2022

Due to production space and operating environment requirements, mine production equipment often breaks down, seriously affecting the mine’s production schedule. To ensure the smooth completion of the haulage operation plan under abnormal conditions, a model of the haulage equipment rescheduling plan based on the random simulation of equipment breakdowns is established in this paper. The model aims to accomplish both the maximum completion rate of the original mining plan and the minimum fluctuation of the ore grade during the rescheduling period. This model is optimized by improving the wolf colony algorithm and changing the location update formula of the individuals in the wolf colony. Then, the optimal model solution can be used to optimize the rescheduling of the haulage plan by considering equipment breakdowns. The application of the proposed method in an underground mine revealed that the completion rate of the mine’s daily mining plan reached 83.40% without increasing the amount of equipment, while the ore quality remained stable. Moreover, the improved optimization algorithm converged quickly and was characterized by high robustness.
A Novel Polygeneration System Based on a Solar-Assisted Desiccant Cooling System for Residential Buildings: An Energy and Environmental Analysis
Authors: Gesteira Luis , Uche Javier
Published: March 2022

This work aims to design and dynamically simulate a polygeneration system that integrates a solar-assisted desiccant cooling system for residential applications as an alternative to vapor compression systems. The overall plant layout supplies electricity, space heating and cooling, domestic hot water, and freshwater for a single-family townhouse located in the city of Almería in Spain. The leading technologies used in the system are photovoltaic/thermal collectors, reverse osmosis, and desiccant air conditioning. The system model was developed and accurately simulated in the TRNSYS environment for a 1-year simulation with a 5-min time step. Design optimization was carried out to investigate the system’s best configuration. The optimal structure showed a satisfactory total annual energy efficiency in solar collectors of about 0.35 and about 0.47 for desiccant air conditioning. Coverage of electricity, space heating and cooling, domestic hot water, and freshwater was 104.1%, 87.01%, 97.98%, 96.05 %, and 100 %, respectively. Furthermore, significant ratios for primary energy saving, 98.62%, and CO2 saving, 97.17%, were achieved. The users’ thermal comfort level was satisfactory over the entire year. Finally, a comparison with an alternative coastal site was performed to extend the polygeneration system’s applicability.
The Synergy Green Innovation Effect of Green Innovation Subsidies and Carbon Taxes
Authors: Yu Xiao , Xu Yingdong , Zhang Jian , Sun Yue
Published: March 2022

The economic uncertainty caused by COVID-19 has led governments around the world to attach more importance to green innovation to accomplish their carbon reduction schemes. To improve the green innovation encouraging effect of an environmental policy system, this study introduces a unit progressive carbon tax on the basis of a green innovation subsidy to discuss the synergy green innovation effect between them. We set up a dynamic evolutionary game model to analyze the respective influences of green innovation subsidies and an environmental policy system containing a unit progressive carbon tax on Low Carbon Technology (LCT) heterogeneous enterprises’ endogenous green innovation strategies. The Evolutionary Stable Strategy analysis of dynamic game models demonstrate that there does exist a synergy green innovation effect between green innovation subsidies and unit carbon taxes. The numerical simulation shows that the synergy green innovation effect of green innovation subsidies and carbon taxes contains both an overlapping policy effect and a more significant green innovation stimulating effect on enterprises with high LCT. Additionally, the introduction of a carbon tax will increase enterprises’ affordability on the green innovation cost coefficient. Furthermore, introducing a unit progressive carbon tax would also create additional stimulation for enterprises to pursue a larger carbon reduction amount for the carbon emission cost-saving advantage. Based on the synergy green innovation effect mentioned above, we also investigate the policy implications of varying the tax rate and subsidy proportion in different situations.
The Circular Economy Challenge: Towards a Sustainable Development
Authors: Amato Alessia
Published: March 2022

As it is now known, we have only one earth available for our life and it is our duty to preserve it [...]
The Improvement of User Satisfaction for Two Urban Parks in Dubai, UAE: Bay Avenue Park and Al Ittihad Park
Authors: Jung Chuloh , Al Qassimi Nahla , Arar Mohammad , Awad Jihad
Published: March 2022

The population of Dubai has increased dramatically in the last 40 years. Along with social changes, neighborhood parks are becoming increasingly important for enhancing the residents’ quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the physical environment of parks and investigate park users’ satisfaction in neighborhood parks of Dubai. After defining the park and surrounding environment for access, a field survey was performed at Bay Avenue Park and Al Ittihad Park. The data for analysis were collected from the Department of Geographical Information System (GIS) Center at Dubai Municipality. The results show that the standard duration was 60–90 min, and the walking/driving time was 10–20 min. “Children Facility” and “Various Attractions” were low in both parks. The statistical results of multiple regression analysis of the derived factors and satisfaction show that Bay Avenue Park influenced satisfaction in the surrounding environment for access, pedestrian space, park facility, convenience and comfort of the park, and various attractions and activities. Furthermore, Al Ittihad Park influenced satisfaction in pedestrian space, green landscape, surrounding environment for access, park facilities, and safe access. Therefore, factors such as park facilities, surrounding environment for access, and pedestrian space were analyzed to affect satisfaction in both parks. The analysis of the surrounding environment for access factors using GIS would methodologically help determine priorities for future improvements around parks. However, this study is limited by the scope and investigation period of the target parks, and detailed factors related to the surrounding environment for access are also not evaluated.
Global Research Trends on Shale Gas from 2010–2020 Using a Bibliometric Approach
Authors: Baiyegunhi Temitope Love , Baiyegunhi Christopher , Pharoe Benedict Kinshasa
Published: March 2022

In the last few decades, shale gas resources have attracted much global attention as potential sources for clean and affordable energy. Due to this fact, coupled with the increasing energy shortfall, shale gas has become an increasingly attractive energy prospect from both an environmental and economic perspective. This development has led to the rapid growth in the number of researchers and publications in the field of shale gas. Although there are few review articles on the state of research on shale gas, the literature lacked a bibliometric analysis. This study is intended to fill the research gap by carrying out a bibliometric analysis of 9247 shale gas articles that were published between 2010 and 2020. The Web of Science database was used to collect the data. The analysis was performed to identify the most productive authors, institutions, countries, and sources, and to visualize existing collaborations as well as provide valuable information which could form the basis for establishing future collaboration. The analysis results revealed that Li J has the highest number of publications on shale gas whereas Loucks RG is the most cited author. The top three countries with the highest number of publications in shale gas research are China, USA, and Canada, while the China University of Petroleum (Beijing), China University of Geosciences, and Southwest Petroleum University China were the three top institutions with the highest number of publications. Fuel, International Journal of Coal Geology, and Marine and Petroleum Geology are the journals with the highest number of published articles on shale gas. The keyword analysis indicated that shale gas, hydraulic fracturing, pore structure, permeability, adsorption, kinetics, pyrolysis, organic matter, thermal maturity, and numerical simulation are the predominant research topics. This showed the multi-dimensional and multi-faceted character of the shale gas field. Besides, it appeared to be an exciting topic for further study that is based on a detailed evaluation of the shale gas literature. In fact, shale gas, hydraulic fracturing (fracking), CO2 sequestration, kinetic, gas adsorption, diffusion, and simulation are becoming emerging research hotspots. The bibliometric analysis that was presented in this study has revealed valuable information about the most active institutions and countries, and the most influential authors in the field of shale gas which could form the basis for establishing future collaboration. Furthermore, it can help researchers to understand the global research trend in shale gas as well as provide references for establishing future research directions.
Family of Asymptotic Solutions to the Two-Dimensional Kinetic Equation with a Nonlocal Cubic Nonlinearity
Authors: Shapovalov Alexander V. , Kulagin Anton E. , Siniukov Sergei A.
Published: March 2022

We apply the original semiclassical approach to the kinetic ionization equation with the nonlocal cubic nonlinearity in order to construct the family of its asymptotic solutions. The approach proposed relies on an auxiliary dynamical system of moments of the desired solution to the kinetic equation and the associated linear partial differential equation. The family of asymptotic solutions to the kinetic equation is constructed using the symmetry operators acting on functions concentrated in a neighborhood of a point determined by the dynamical system. Based on these solutions, we introduce the nonlinear superposition principle for the nonlinear kinetic equation. Our formalism based on the Maslov germ method is applied to the Cauchy problem for the specific two-dimensional kinetic equation. The evolution of the ion distribution in the kinetically enhanced metal vapor active medium is obtained as the nonlinear superposition using the numerical–analytical calculations.
ZL-Completions for ZL-Semigroups
Authors: Su Shuhua , Li Qingguo , Li Qi
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we generalize a common completion pattern of ordered semigroups to the fuzzy setting. Based on a standard L-completion ZL, we introduce the notion of a ZL-semigroup as a generalization of an L-ordered semigroup, where L is a complete residuated lattice. For this asymmetric mathematical structure, we define a ZL-completion of it to be a complete residuated L-ordered semigroup together with a join-dense L-ordered semigroup embedding satisfying the universal property. We prove that: (1) For every compositive ZL, the category CSL of complete residuated L-ordered semigroups is a reflective subcategory of the category SZL of ZL-semigroups; (2) for an arbitrary ZL, there is an adjunction between SZL and the category SZL→E of weakly ZL-continuous L-ordered semigroup embeddings of ZL-semigroups. By appropriate specialization of ZL, the results can be applied to the DML-completion, certain completions associated with fuzzy subset systems, etc.
Chiral Molecules: Properties, Synthesis and Analysis
Authors: Patti Angela
Published: March 2022

Chirality is a fundamental dimension of molecular structures and plays a central role in living processes, in the transfer of biological intra- and inter-species information, and in the activity and properties of exogenous compounds as drugs, agrochemicals, flavors and food additives [...]
Determination of Vertical Accelerations in a Symmetrically Loaded Flat Car with Longitudinal Elastic-Frictional Beams
Authors: Fomin Oleksij , Gerlici Juraj , Vatulia Glib , Lovska Alyona , Kravchenko Kateryna
Published: March 2022

This study concerns dynamic loading on the carrying structure of a flat car with elastic-friction longitudinal beams. The authors built a mathematical model including the vertical displacements in the carrying structure of a flat car symmetrically loaded with four 1 CC containers. The mathematical model was solved with MathCad software. It was found that the maximum accelerations on a flat car were about 2.0 m/s2. Thus, the accelerations obtained were within the allowable values. The study presents the results of computer modeling of dynamic loads on the carrying structure of a container and a flat car with elastic-friction longitudinal beams. The calculation was made with the finite element method in SolidWorks (CosmosWorks) software. Besides, the authors defined the numerical values of these accelerations and the distribution fields relative to the carrying structure of a container and a flat car. The discordance between the results of the mathematical and computer modeling was about 7%. The research may be useful for those who are concerned about designing innovative rolling stock units and improving the operational efficiency of the rolling stock.
Are CMV and SARS-CoV-2 Infections Mutual Risk Factors in Kidney Transplant Recipients?
Authors: Swist Julia , Krotofil Mateusz , Mazanowska Oktawia , Krajewska Magdalena , Kamińska Dorota
Published: March 2022

Throughout the years, much progress has been made in the field of renal transplantation; however, along with new developments, new problems have arisen. While transplantation is the optimal choice in patients suffering from end-stage renal disease, it is always connected to certain commonly associated risks, in particular those caused by opportunistic infections. One such risk includes the reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV), an issue commonly affecting all kinds of transplant recipients. Similarly, with the rise of the ever-evolving global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, patients must be constantly monitored for any respiratory symptoms, and observed closely under the care of their attending physician. Treating these patients has become extremely difficult due to limitations caused by COVID-19 protocols (for instance, the reduction of immunosuppression dosages and the avoidance of lymphocyte-depleting induction therapy) and the lack of knowledge surrounding this relatively new and worsening risk factor. In order to give patients optimal care, these arising problems need to be studied and addressed.
Transformative Effects of Overtourism and COVID-19-Caused Reduction of Tourism on Residents—An Investigation of the Anti-Overtourism Movement on the Island of Mallorca
Authors: Amrhein Sebastian , Hospers Gert-Jan , Reiser Dirk
Published: March 2022

The coronavirus outbreak in late 2019 and the subsequent restrictions on mobility and physical contacts caused an extreme collapse of international tourism. Shortly before the pandemic turned the world upside down, one of the most pressing issues in global tourism was a phenomenon that became known as overtourism. It describes massively the negative impacts of tourism on destinations and the frustrated residents protesting against it, with discontent reaching a dimension that could hardly be estimated at the time when Doxey’s Irritation Index was created. Especially in southern European destinations, thousands of people have taken to the streets over their dissatisfaction with the unlimited growth of tourism and its negative effects on their daily lives. Within a few years, small neighbourhood actions morphed into coordinated social movements demanding that politicians make fundamental changes to the socio-economic system. Those events demonstrate a politicizing effect of tourism that has not sufficiently been addressed hitherto in tourism research, which is mainly focused on the attitude of the visited towards tourism itself. This article offers a broader socio-political approach that focuses on tourism as one of the largest industries within a capitalist system that has massive impacts on people’s lives, rather than simply on changing attitudes towards tourism. Twelve problem-centred interviews with actors of the anti-overtourism movements in the Balearic Island of Mallorca were conducted to examine the effects of overtourism and COVID-19-caused tourism breakdown on residents’ socio-political perspectives. Building on the transformative learning theory developed by the American sociologist Jack Mezirow, the analysis of the data revealed far-reaching influences on residents’ personal development, fundamental perspectives and professional decisions.
Optimization and Application of a Multiplex Digital PCR Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Belgian Influent Wastewater
Authors: Boogaerts Tim , Van den Bogaert Siel , Van Poelvoorde Laura A. E. , El Masri Diala , De Roeck Naomi , Roosens Nancy H. C. , Lesenfants Marie , Lahousse Lies , Van Hoorde Koenraad , van Nuijs Alexander L. N. , Delputte Peter
Published: March 2022

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) of SARS-CoV-2 has been used as a complementary indicator to follow up on the trends in the COVID-19 spread in Belgium and in many other countries. To further develop the use of WBE, a multiplex digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) assay was optimized, validated and applied for the measurement of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) in influent wastewater (IWW) samples. Key mutations were targeted in the different VOC strains, including SΔ69/70 deletion, N501Y, SΔ241 and SΔ157. The presented bioanalytical method was able to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 RNA originating from the wild-type and B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and B.1.617.2 variants. The dPCR assay proved to be sensitive enough to detect low concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in IWW since the limit of detection of the different targets ranged between 0.3 and 2.9 copies/µL. This developed WBE approach was applied to IWW samples originating from different Belgian locations and was able to monitor spatio-temporal changes in the presence of targeted VOC strains in the investigated communities. The present dPCR assay developments were realized to bring added-value to the current national WBE of COVID-19 by also having the spatio-temporal proportions of the VoC in presence in the wastewaters.
A BioID-Derived Proximity Interactome for SARS-CoV-2 Proteins
Authors: May Danielle G. , Martin-Sancho Laura , Anschau Valesca , Liu Sophie , Chrisopulos Rachel J. , Scott Kelsey L. , Halfmann Charles T. , Díaz Peña Ramon , Pratt Dexter , Campos Alexandre R. , Roux Kyle J.
Published: March 2022

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and has caused a major health and economic burden worldwide. Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins behave in host cells can reveal underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and assist in development of antiviral therapies. Here, the cellular impact of expressing SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins was studied by global proteomic analysis, and proximity biotinylation (BioID) was used to map the SARS-CoV-2 virus–host interactome in human lung cancer-derived cells. Functional enrichment analyses revealed previously reported and unreported cellular pathways that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We have established a website to host the proteomic data to allow for public access and continued analysis of host–viral protein associations and whole-cell proteomes of cells expressing the viral–BioID fusion proteins. Furthermore, we identified 66 high-confidence interactions by comparing this study with previous reports, providing a strong foundation for future follow-up studies. Finally, we cross-referenced candidate interactors with the CLUE drug library to identify potential therapeutics for drug-repurposing efforts. Collectively, these studies provide a valuable resource to uncover novel SARS-CoV-2 biology and inform development of antivirals.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Adolescents: Cross-Sectional School Survey in Four Chinese Cities Prior to Vaccine Availability
Authors: Rehati Palizhati , Amaerjiang Nubiya , Yang Liping , Xiao Huidi , Li Menglong , Zunong Jiawulan , Wang Long , Vermund Sten H. , Hu Yifei
Published: March 2022

To address the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, development and regulatory evaluations have been accelerated for vaccines, authorizing emergency use. To anticipate vaccine preparedness in adolescents, we studied COVID-19 vaccination awareness and willingness to vaccinate before the vaccine became available. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 9153 (4575 boys, 50%) students with a mean age of 14.2 years old in four cities in China to collect information on demographic characteristics and their COVID-19 vaccination concerns. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of vaccine hesitancy (“not sure”) and resistance (“do not want it”). The results showed that 2891 (31.6%) were hesitant and 765 (8.4%) were resistant to being vaccinated. Additionally, multivariable analyses showed that vaccine hesitancy and vaccine resistance were associated with living in the Beijing area (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.40–1.88; OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.44–2.28), lack of influenza vaccination experience (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.14–1.55; OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.25–1.98), no perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.50–1.97; OR = 3.57; 95% CI: 2.86–4.46), and perceiving no cues to action (OR = 3.24; 95% CI: 2.56–4.11; OR = 27.68; 95% CI: 21.81–35.13). Postulating a highly effective vaccine (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72–0.98; OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.52–0.83) decreased both vaccine hesitancy and resistance. Vaccine hesitancy alone was associated with girls (OR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.09–1.36) and was less common among students boarding at school (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68–0.92), postulating convenient vaccine access (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73–0.96), and having doctors’ recommendation (OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76–0.98). In conclusion, the results of the study showed that vaccine hesitancy among students in China was associated with limited health literacy and lower risk awareness. Our findings in China suggest that educating youth regarding COVID-19 and the safety and effectiveness of immunization help reduce concerns and increase vaccine confidence and acceptance.
Enhancing Routine Childhood Vaccination Uptake in the Cape Metropolitan District, South Africa: Perspectives and Recommendations from Point-of-Care Vaccinators
Authors: Oduwole Elizabeth O. , Laurenzi Christina A. , Mahomed Hassan , Wiysonge Charles S.
Published: March 2022

Vaccination, and particularly childhood vaccination, is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest public health interventions in history. Nevertheless, challenges exist that threaten the progress of childhood vaccination in many parts of the world. We investigated challenges to vaccination experienced by point-of-care vaccinators in the Cape Town Metropolitan District (Cape Metro), and reported on their current and proposed efforts to combat these challenges. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 vaccinators in 16 purposively selected healthcare facilities in the Cape Metro from September to November 2019. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic and narrative analysis methods. Challenges of both the demand and the supply side of routine vaccination were reported by the study participants, as were contextual challenges such as community safety issues. Defaulting was the most common challenge encountered, reported by 16 of the 19 participants. The use of computerized appointment systems, the enlistment of community health workers to track down defaulters, and the use of certificates to incentivize caregivers are part of the creative ways of mitigating some of the challenges encountered by these vaccinators. Their insightful recommendations can positively influence the landscape of childhood vaccination uptake in the Cape Metro and beyond if adapted and applied.
COVID-19 Vaccines and Hyperglycemia—Is There a Need for Postvaccination Surveillance?
Authors: Samuel Samson Mathews , Varghese Elizabeth , Triggle Chris R. , Büsselberg Dietrich
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 vaccines currently in use have undoubtedly played the most significant role in combating the SARS-CoV-2 virus and reducing disease severity and the risk of death among those affected, especially among those with pre-existing conditions, such as diabetes. The management of blood glucose levels has become critical in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where data show two- to threefold higher intensive care hospital admissions and more than twice the mortality rate among diabetic COVID-19 patients when compared with their nondiabetic counterparts. Furthermore, new-onset diabetes and severe hyperglycemia-related complications, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), were reported in COVID-19 patients. However, irrespective of the kind of vaccine and dosage number, possible vaccination-induced hyperglycemia and associated complications were reported among vaccinated individuals. The current article summarizes the available case reports on COVID-19 vaccination-induced hyperglycemia, the possible molecular mechanism responsible for this phenomenon, and the outstanding questions that need to be addressed and discusses the need to identify at-risk individuals and promote postvaccination monitoring/surveillance among at-risk individuals.
Estimation of Parallel Hybrid Scooter’s Energy Consumption through Real Urban Drive Cycle Using IMU
Authors: Kalyankar-Narwade Supriya , Chidambaram Ramesh Kumar , Patil Sanjay
Published: March 2022

Drive cycle a is primary information useful for analyzing, designing, and optimizing automotive controllers for vehicle homologation. Conventional and electric vehicles are tested and certified based on the specified standard driving cycles as per vehicle category for emission compliance and energy consumption, respectively. In countries such as India, this drive cycle fails to conceal the real-time drive cycles on urban roads with heavy traffic. This real-time drive cycle details the driving skill, congestion, road characteristics, acceleration and deceleration durations, etc. In this context, the real-time drive cycle is captured with the help of an Inertial Measurement Unit. Analysis of IMU measured data with a suitable sampling rate is carried out and energy characterizations are presented in this article. For better accuracy, the IMU data logger is set for an 8 Hz sampling rate which logs the vehicle dynamics data of a scooter. For urban traffic data collection, Pune city is selected and actual energy spent is estimated with the engine, electric, and hybrid modes. State of Charge based switching is carried out with the help of a hybrid controller and observations are tabulated. State of Charge thresholds are monitored and energy-efficient switching is decided. It is estimated from the results that hybrid conversion of a scooter is more efficient due to charge/regeneration into a Lithium-ion battery when the engine powers the wheel and while braking. The range is extended with the above configuration, and further can be increased based on higher battery capacity. Energy management is better handled with a hybrid electric controller for urban roads. Range anxiety issues of EV are lowered in HEV configuration and it is also estimated that parallel Hybrid scooters are more energy-efficient and release lower carbon emissions than conventional vehicles.