bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Heterozygosity and Allelic Frequency of Indian and Southeast Asian Types of Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Bangladesh using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Rahman Md Mamunur , Hosoishi Shingo , Ogata Kazuo
Published: January 2021

Background: The two types of Asian weaver ant species, Oecophylla smaragdina, Indian types and Southeast (SE) Asian types can co-occur in the same habitat. Previous study on mtDNA based phylogenesis of O. smaragdina in Bangladesh has revealed the presence of the mixture of both Indian and SE Asian type of O. smaragdina. However, the nuclear DNA based study showed some inconsistency leading the chance of hybridization as colonies encountered from two localities contained O. smaragdina workers from more than one type as identified via longwave length rhodopsin (LWRh) and mitochondrial COI and Cytb gene analysis. The purpose of present study was to detect hybridization status and to find out the identical allele for Indian and SE Asian type of O. smaragdina from different colonies. Method: A total of seven O. smaragdina colonies had been collected from Bangladesh during 2013 to December 2016. Microsatellite analysis were performed for Gene mapping and heterozygosity study with 11 microsatellite loci through electropherogrum study generated by peak scanner software. Result: Among 11 microsatellite loci, two loci, MS 8.24 and MS 6.45 provided the identical allele position for Indian and SE Asian types while no allelic position were identified with nine microsatellite loci. The results inferred that weaver ant of both Indian and SE Asian type engage in bidirectional interspecific gene flow. The strong possibility of hybridization between these two types is inferred, which indicates that barriers to hybridization do not exist or can be completely overcome. This is unexpected, given that they are non-sister species and broadly sympatric in nature. These findings also indicate the possible occurrence of hybrid-hybrid crosses in some localities of weaver ant, a phenomenon rarely observed in ants.
RNAi Technology in Fish and Shellfish- Status and Prospects: A Review
Authors: Qayoom Ubaid , Mushtaq Zahoor
Published: January 2021

Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi), a valuable tool for manipulating gene functionality in the laboratory, has also emerged as a powerful tool to suppress infection or replication of many pathogens that cause severe economic losses in fish farming. By taking advantage of the cell’s endogenous RNAi apparatus, small interfering RNA of ~21-22 bp can be introduced into cells to induce target specific mRNA degradation. With the growing appreciation for the potential of RNAi technology, the diversity in vivo relevance to aquaculture is seemingly vast. Studies in the future should address the hurdles like delivery strategy stability and degradation of RNAi therapeutic molecule by nucleases in aquatic animals. In this article, we review the literature in the field of RNAi technology in aquaculture, summarize the status and prospects, which may open doors to its applicability potential as a therapeutic strategy to modulate host-pathogen interactions and inspire further trials.
Superovulatory Response and Progesterone Profile in Murrah Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Pretreated with GnRH Agonist
Authors: Singhal Sumit , Prasad Shiv , Verma Rajesh , Gupta H.P. , Prasad J.K.
Published: January 2021

Background: Limited elite buffalo population need to be propagated at faster rate to sustain the dairy industry in India. Faster propagation could be achieved through embryo transfer technology. Low serum progesterone concentrations during the start of superstimulatory treatment is major factor that hampers the success of multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET) in buffaloes. This study evaluated the effect of GnRH pretreatment before superovulatory regimen on progesterone profile, superovulation and correlation of progesterone with superstimulatory parameter in Murrah buffaloes. Methods: Buffaloes (n=27) were superstimulated using 600 mg Folltropin and divided into three groups on basis of pretreatment: Group I and group II were pretreated with GnRH @ 10 µg and 06 µg, respectively while no pretreatment was subjected in group III (control). Progesterone hormone concentration, superovulatory response, ovulation rate, embryo recovery were recorded. Result: Our study revealed that superovulatory response was non-significantly different in all three groups and ranged from 6-8 in terms of number of corpus luteum (CL). Average number of recovered embryos in this study was nearly 2.0. A positive correlation between progesterone concentrations at the initiation of FSH treatment with number of CL and embryo recovery was observed. The study indicated that GnRH pretreatment before superstimulation improve the serum progesterone concentration, superovulatory response and embryo recovery in Murrah buffaloes.
Comparative Effect of Probiotics (Swine and Dairy Origin) on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Biochemical Profile, Immune Status and Faecal Microbial Count of Early-weaned Grower-finisher Crossbred Pigs
Authors: Joysowal M. , Saikia B.N. , Tamuly S. , Kalita D.
Published: January 2021

Background: Earlier antibiotics were used for growth promotion and prophylactics against gastrointestinal diseases but the injudicious use of antibiotics could lead to bacterial resistance and certain amount of residues in animal products. Therefore, maintenance of intestinal microflora balance through a non-antibiotic approach is urgently needed and for that probiotics is now preferred over antibiotics. The application of probiotics had gained significant attention in developing suitable alternatives of antibiotics in the swine industry. Methods: The experiment was conducted by considering n=27 number female post weaned piglet which were distributed into three groups (3 replicates of 3 each) and supplemented with basal diet either without probiotics (C) or with a probiotic of dairy-based (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC-15) or swine based (Pediococccus. acidilactici FT28) to evaluate the effect of probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical profile, immune status and faecal microbial count in growing pigs. Conclusion: Improvement in terms of growth performance, digestibility of CP, N retention found. The serum A: G ratio, triglyceride, glucose and cholesterol level lower (p less than 0.05) in TPedic group compared to other treatment groups. The cell-mediated and humoral immune response was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in probiotics supplemented animals, nonetheless, swine based probiotic had better (P less than 0.001) response as compared to dairy based probiotics.
Asociación del emprendimiento empresarial con el desarrollo social en los cantones de Costa Rica en el año 2017
Authors: Gómez-Meléndez Agustín , Gutiérrez-Duran José Eduardo , Bermúdez Katherine , Bermúdez-Mesén Ligia Jeannette
Published: January 2021

Con base en el análisis de las licencias que otorgan las municipalidades para poder desarrollar una actividad económica en los cantones de Costa Rica, en el presente estudio se indaga el emprendimiento empresarial en el año 2017 a partir de la comparación de las actividades para las cuales fueron solicitadas estas licencias. Además, se verifican posibles asociaciones entre la distribución por grupos de actividad, la tasa de semiformalidad empresarial, que mide el número de licencias municipales con respecto al número de patronos del sector privado inscritos en la seguridad social, y el valor obtenido en el Índice de Desarrollo Social (IDS) para cada cantón. Los resultados permiten constatar que los porcentajes más altos de licencias municipales otorgadas para determinadas actividades presentan asociaciones significativas con una mayor semiformalidad empresarial y valores más bajos en el IDS, de acuerdo con la clasificación obtenida para los cantones del país.
Sites de fixation de la tique Amblyomma variegatum sur ses hôtes en Guadeloupe (Antilles françaises)
Authors: Barré Nicolas , Camus Emmanuel , Borel G. , Aprelon Rosalie
Published: January 2021

L'examen minutieux de 458 hôtes domestiques et sauvages de la tique A. variegatum a permis de récolter 8581 larves, 646 nymphes et 685 adultes sur neuf espèces animales différentes, et de déterminer leurs sites de fixation électifs. Dans une autre enquête portant sur 15 caprins et 5 bovins, 12345 larves, 2111 nymphes et 4625 adultes ont été dénombrés sur les différents sites anatomiques. Les immatures s'attachent préférentiellement sur la tête, le cou et les membres des oiseaux, sur les membres des mangoustes, et enfin, sur les membres et surtout les oreilles des chiens, des bovins et des caprins. Les adultes qui n'infestent régulièrement que les hôtes de taille moyenne et grande se fixent essentiellement sur les parties déclives du corps, en particulier la région inguinale, le périnée, les aisselles et le fanon des bovins. C'est sur ces sites que A. variegatum doit être recherché lors de prospections menées pour apprécier sa progression géographique ou l'évolution de ses populations au cours d'une campagne d'éradication. La concentration en acaricide doit aussi y être optimale lors de traitements systématiques des animaux domestiques dans des perspectives de contrôle et surtout d'éradication.
Ecthyma contagieux chez la chèvre consécutif à la mise en place de boucle à l’oreille
Authors: Housawi F.M.T. , Abu Elzein E.M.E.
Published: January 2021

Ceci est la première description de l'ecthyma contagieux chez la chèvre consécutif à la mise en place de boucle à l'oreille. Les lésions classiques ont été observées chez les chèvres atteintes et le virus a été ré-isolé et identifié à partir d'elles. Il faut garder à l'esprit la menace de cette affection, accasionnée par la mise en place d'une boucle à l'oreille, dans les régions où l'ecthyma contagieux sévit de façon endémique.
Sensibilité des Chèvres à une réinfestation homologue par Fasciola gigantica in goats
Authors: Goraish I.A. , Abdelsalam E.B. , Tartour G.
Published: January 2021

Des chèvres infestées auparavant avec 100 métacercaires vivants de Fasciola gigantica et traitées avec du rafoxanide (Ranide, 7,5 mg/kg) à la quatrième semaine n'ont pas été protégées contre une invasion homologue de 250 métacercaires administrés deux semaines plus tard. La réinfestation s'est traduite par des lésions hépatiques plus sévères et un fort pourcentage de trématodes a été retrouvé par rapport à la première infestation. Cependant, la taille des trématodes de la seconde infestation (épreuve) était considérablement réduite. L'activité de l'enzyme plasmatique de l'aspartate amino-transférase (AST), du glutamate-dehydrogénase (GD) et du sorbitol déhydrogénase (SD) s'est élevée à un niveau comparable au cours des deux infestations. Cependant, la réponse des anticorps plasmatiques de F. gigantica était moins prononcée chez les chèvres réinfestées.
Études sur le mouton nain d’Afrique de l’ouest : incidence de la mortalité périnatale au Nigeria
Authors: Otesile E.B. , Oduye O.O.
Published: January 2021

La mortalité périnatale des agneaux a été étudiée jusqu'au 30e jour sur le mouton nain d'Afrique de l'Ouest, à Ibadan (Nigéria), pendant une période de trois ans. Un taux de mortalité totale périnatale à 30 jours de 19,9 p. 100 a été enregistré avec la répartition suivante : avortements 3 p. 100, agneaux mort-nés 2,7 p. 100, mortalité néonatale 15,6 p. 100. Le taux de mortalité par avortement était significativement plus élevé dans les gestations à foetus multiples et pendant la saison sèche. A l'inverse, le taux des agneaux mort-nés était légèrement plus élevé pour les naissances mono-foetales. Le taux de mortalité des agneaux jusqu'à 30 jours était de 17,1 p. 100 pour les mâles et de 13,4 p. 100 pour les femelles. Le taux de mortalité à 30 jours n'était pas significativement différent pour les naissances mono-foetales (14,4 p. 100), les jumeaux (15,4 p. 100) et les triplés (26,7 p. 100). L'analyse de régression a révélé une augmentation de 28,3 p. 100 du poids à la naissance et tous les agneaux nés vivants avec des poids égaux ou inférieurs à 0,9 kg sont morts pendant la période néonatale. Aucun effet significatif de la saison n'a été noté sur le taux de mortalité à 30 jours
Production fourragère et élevage ovin à la Martinique
Authors: Artus Poliakoff F. , Champannet F. , Gayalin M.
Published: January 2021

Les résultats présentés concernent d'une part des mesures de productivité et de valeur nutritive des fourrages réalisés en fauche, en sec ou en irrigué, dans plusieurs stations de l'île, d'autre part des observations du comportement des meilleures espèces soumises au pâturage d'ovins. Une gamme d'espèces fourragères adaptées à l'élevage ovin dans les conditions des Antilles est proposée. Les espèces retenues sont Digitaria decumbens, Cynodon nlemfuensis et Brachiaria humidicola pour le pâturage; Panicum maximum cv Hamil local et Pennisetum purpureum pour la fauche.
Programme de développement et d'organisation de l'éleveur caprin en Jamaïque
Authors: Chauvet B.
Published: January 2021

Le programme de développement et d'organisation de l'élevage caprin en Jamaïque a été entrepris en janvier 1987 sur financement de la CEE. Il est mis en oeuvre pour une période initiale de 2 ans par le ministère de l'Agriculture Jamaïcain. La société PROSEMOC FRANCE a été choisie comme consultant pour sa mise en oeuvre. Un expert permanent est chargé de mettre en place les structures et de les animer, de former des techniciens et des leaders de groupes et d'apporter l'assistance technique aux groupes d'éleveurs formés. Un programme de 12 mois d'experts spécialisés (vétérinaire, fromager, généticien, spécialiste du cuir) complète cet appui technique
Résistance à la cowdriose de chèvres Créole en Guadeloupe. Bilan en 1988
Authors: Matheron Gérard , Camus Emmanuel , Barré Nicolas , Gogue J.M.
Published: January 2021

Le taux de résistance à la cowdriose de chèvres Créole en Guadeloupe, varie beaucoup suivant les contacts antérieurs avec la cowdriose. Le taux de résistance à une infection expérimentale varie de 25 %, pour des chèvres vivant en dehors des zones d'endémie depuis plusieurs décennies, à 54 % pour des chèvres isolées de la maladie depuis 10 ans, pour atteindre 78 % chez des chèvres vivant en zone d'endémie. La paternité est un facteur important pour expliquer la résistance dans un groupe de 198 chevreaux du même troupeau, testés dans des conditions contrôlées. Le taux de résistance varie beaucoup (22 à 83 %) suivant le père, avec une héritabilité estimée de 0,26 pour les demi-frères de père et de 0,55 pour les plein-frères. Un gène lié au sexe pourrait être impliqué dans le déterminisme génétique de cette résistance. On constate que chaque troupeau présentera un certain taux de résistance variant avec l'ancienneté et l'importance du contact passé et présent avec la maladie. Les populations écartées du contact avec la cowdriose perdront progressivement leur aptitude à résister. Si notre hypothèse d'un gène récessif lié au sexe est avérée, il devrait être facile de sélectionner des chèvres Créole plus résistantes à la cowdriose.
COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES AND TACTICS IN THE PSALMS OF KING DAVID
Authors:   Tver state technical university, Vorobiova Svetlana N.
Published: January 2021

In this article, the Psalter of King David, a famous religious and cultural monument, which is considered by us not so much as a collection of prayers presented in an artistic and poetic form, as legal texts depicting a formal trial carried out in the presence of a Judge God, a righteous defender, an accuser, in the role of the psalmist himself, and the accused (sinners violating God's Law To realize the main communicative goal – to attract the Judge's attention, to make him listen and perceive what is said, to motivate Him to carry out the desired action – the author uses communication strategies and tactics used in the judicial process. These include strategies of emotional influence, defence and prosecution, tactics of simulated dialogue, marking, drawing attention to the injured party, raising a rhetorical question, etc. The author's attention is also directed to the analysis of language means, which contribute to verbal expression and form an important part of the linguistic arsenal, as well as on the main ways of their implementation. The material presented in the psalms gives us the opportunity to show the language techniques used to protect and accuse opponents in the pragmasemantic aspect, that is, the established meaning and implementation of language means is carried out in a direct situational context. The analysis was conducted as part of a discourse analysis using a comparative study method, which showed that these rhetorical means have a convincing effect, and the information transmitted through them receives a high truth status. To carry out analytical work, in addition to discourse analysis, theological, sociocultural approaches were also used, allowing us to consider psalms in the context of a certain religious denomination, Orthodox.
REDUPLICATION IN LITERARY PROSE (BASED ON THE WORKS OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN WRITERS)
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Shliakhtina Elena V.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the question of studying such linguistic means as reduplication in English literary prose. The paper contains a definition of the phenomenon as well as several classifications of reduplicatives based on formalstructural, compositional and some other principles. The article states that reduplication can be found in texts of different genres, for instance, in poetic, advertising and journalistic ones. However, it emphasizes that reduplication is significant when a piece of literary prose is created because it allows to highlight contextually important information and to show the shades of meaning. With the help of a continuous sampling method the examples of reduplicatives were picked from the works of british and american writers of XIX–XXI centuries. They were chosen on the basis of the principle: two or more units of content correspond to one unit of expression. The study contains the analysis of the following: a number of full, partial and divergent reduplicatives, a number of components in a reduplicative, its part of speech and topic, the way it is spelt and if it has any connotation. The results of the research show that in most cases the reduplicatives are nouns that contain two components. Many of them are pejorative. The majority of the reduplicatives are hyphenated as this is the most codified way of their spelling. The topics of the examples under study are quite various. Special attention is paid to author-individual reduplicatives. They make a piece of literary prose unique and help the writer to creatively implement his or her idea. The data prove that reduplication is a popular linguistic means when creating literary prose in English.
PROBLEMS OF CULTURAL SELF-IDENTIFICATION OF YAZIDIS IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Lyakh Elena E.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the problems of religious and cultural self-determination of the Yazidis. Currently, a large number of representatives of this people live on the territory of modern Russia. Their distinctive feature at this stage is the desire to revive their culture, restore lost knowledge. This fact updates the issues of this work. The present article attempts to analyse the complex issues of ethnicity of this people, their attitude towards other peoples, issues in identification of the language, time and place of religion emergence. The problems of preserving and recording sacred texts («Kavla» «Jilve» («Shine» or «Book of Revelations»), «Mashafe Rush» («Black Book»), their content, which determines the essence of the religious teachings of the Yazidis are difficult. Being a complex, syncretic spiritual phenomenon, Yazidism asked and keeps asking both researchers and its carriers many problems. Their significant number is associated with the antiquity of religion, the closed nature of its teachings, but most importantly with the long-standing oral tradition of transmitting religious and cultural heritage, the guardians and bearers of which were not all Yazidis, but the Yazidi clergy – pirs and sheikhs. Works are the cornerstone materials of recently published sacred texts of Yazidi and also the articles and monographs devoted to questions of the yazidism and belonging to such famous researchers – to Yazidi as H. Omarkhali, D. Pirbari, K. Amoev, T. Avdoev, A. Avdal and also to some spiritual heads of Yazidi, such as pir A. A. Daleyan, D. R. Polatov and others. This makes it possible to consider a whole range of controversial problems from the inside, through the eyes of the Yazidis, compare their points of approach to solving the most controversial problems of Yazidism.
THE PROCESS OF RENAMING OBJECTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE 1990-2000-S AS A SPECIAL SOCIO-CULTURAL PRACTICE
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Razumov Roman V.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyze the process of renaming objects as a special socio-cultural practice. By renaming, the author means a kind of artificial nomination manifested in the replacement of one name of his own by another under the influence of extranomastic factors as a result of the adoption of a special nominative act by the executive or legislative body. The article noted that in addition to the term renaming, the terms renomination or renaming have now been used. The renaming of objects was first considered on the material of name changes in 26 cities of the Russian Federation, which occurred in the 1990–2000s. The author notes that the main difficulty in changing the name is the negative reaction of society to any proposal to eliminate the usual name. Another difficulty is due to the fact that the new name should fit organically into the already existing urbanonomic environment. The main part of the article contains an analysis of three real urbanonymic practices of renaming objects used in the 1990–2000s: the return of historical names, the creation of urbanonyms that form a regional identity, and unofficial or temporary renaming of objects. The author notes that these urbanonymic practices largely continue the traditions laid down in the Soviet era and based on a memorial nomination, perpetuating the memory of a person or historical event. A distinctive feature of many urbanonyms of the post-Soviet era was their use to form the regional identity of citizens. This is served not only by new memorial urbanonyms, but also by many pre-revolutionary urbanonyms returned to the post-Soviet era. Obviously, the further appearance of such names contributes to the formation of a local city text.
REPRESENTATION OF GENDER IN ADVERTISING: STRATEGIES, STEREOTYPES, MEANS
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Tsvetkova Olga L.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the problem of cultural design of gender in modern advertising discourse. The existing and emerging types of gender identity are classified in Western advertising of the second half of the XX century. The dual nature of advertising is noted: on the one hand, it broadcasts the process of forming identity, on the other hand, it formulates the norms of feminism/masculinity. Advertising, being a powerful institution of symbolic power of modern consumption society, has a strong influence on the parameters of identity formation, the public position of the individual, as well as on the wide stratum of cultural and social processes in general. The communicative system of advertising as a means of mass influence, ensures the exchange, storage and accumulation of «collective information», «collective memory». At the same time, the process of layering ideologues and archetypes with both existing in the public unconscious and newly emerging phenomena and situations takes place. In creating gender-stratified advertising, techniques such as the use of semantic means of influence are used; creation of a specific design of advertising messages; broadcasting stereotypical emotionally rich images. Advertising hyperbolizes the differences between the sexes and renders stereotypical gender qualities – from the way of thinking of advertising heroes, to manifestations of non-verbal semiotics and paralinguistics. The author concludes that doubts about his own body, its design and representation are a logical result of the general ontological instability of the postmodern era, in which the original concepts of truth, values, traditions are blurred. Objective advertising has a special role in this.
THE LINGUISTIC NATURE OF ONOMATOPOEIA
Authors:   Belgorod state national research university, Droga Marina A. , Yurchenko Nataliya V. ,   Belgorod state national research university, Funikova Svetlana V. ,   Belgorod state national research university
Published: January 2021

The problem of onomatopoeias as a special lexical group has existed in the language for many decades. Onomatopoeias imitate the sounds of nature, the language of animals, objects of the surrounding world. In the text, onomatopoeia can perform various functions: emotional influence, imitation, as well as the function of language economy. But one of its main functions remains sound imaging. In Russia and China, different language pictures, specific cultural elements and linguistic features are noted. All this confirms the large-scale differences in the sound imitations of both languages, and in various aspects: in the composition of the components, in the functional role, in the meanings. Despite the fact that the differences in the phonetic system of Russian and Chinese are quite large, the onomatopoeias and their functions in the languages under consideration have the same features. Onomatopes are an expression of the same emotions, feelings, sounds both in oral speech and in writing. Chinese onomatopes are a graphic copy that attributes us to the actual sounding. This fact makes onomatopoeias in Chinese similar to onomatopes in Russian. The connection of sound and meaning is especially important: linguists study the nature of this connection from different points of view. It is also important to note the difference between sound imitations and similar interjections. Onomatopes are not only part of the system of the Russian and Chinese languages, but are also a progressive link that develops the resources of the language, its word-forming capabilities, as well as the expressive sphere of expression.
FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF INTERTEXTEM ‘LOST PARADISE’ IN POETIC DISCOURSE OF THE XX–XXI CENTURY (BASED ON RUSSIAN ROCK POETRY)
Authors:   Kostroma state university, Pavlova Alla E. , Ermakova Lyubov A. ,   Kostroma state university
Published: January 2021

The article is centered on the study of poetic phraseology in Russian rock poetry exemplified in songs by famous rock musicians such as S. Namin from the rock group «Tsvety», V. Tsoy from the rock group «Kino», Kipelov from the rock group «Aria», V. Butusov from the rock group «Nautilus Pompilius», S. Surganova from the rock group «Surganova and Orkestr» and others. The purpose of this article is to analyze peculiar qualities of reminiscence quote ‘lost paradise’ in the poetic discourse of the XX–XXI century in lyric texts of famous rock bands. The objectives of the study are to examine the features of the phraseological unit ‘lost paradise’ in the individual author’s use in the poetic works in which this phraseological unit receives a clearly-figurative embodiment, as well as to determine the features of verbalization of the concept of happiness through this phraseological unit. The main methods applied in the research are a philological analysis of the text and a structural-semantic method of analyzing language units. The study of the phraseological unit ‘lost paradise’ within the framework of poetic discourse resulted in the conclusion that poetic phrase ‘lost paradise’ is often used in poetic discourses among rock performers of the past and present centuries, verbalizing the concept of happiness in different ways. Phraseologiсal units with a ‘paradise’ component form a phraseological field, which includes such phraseological units as lost paradise, earthly paradise, heavenly paradise, from paradise to paradise, an unknown paradise. These phraseological units come into various systemic connections, i.e. synonymous, antonymic, associative, which allows us to represent the axiological category of happiness in different ways. The axiological connotation of these phraseological units, which arises as a result of revealing the associative-figurative basis of phraseological units, inclusion in the artistic-figurative system, building new contextual connections and relationships, also allows you to understand the author's value guidelines.
Pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial dan leverage terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan kinerja keuangan sebagai variabel intervening
Authors: Royani Indah , Mustikowati Rita Indah , Setyowati Supami Wahyu
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out how the influence of managerial ownership and leverage on firm value with financial performance as an intervening variable. This research is a type of quantitative research. The population in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2017-2018 period. Samples were selected using purposive sampling. The results showed that managerial ownership had no effect on firm value. Leverage affects the value of the company. Managerial ownership does not affect financial performance. Financial performance affects the value of the company. Managerial ownership does not affect the value of the company through financial performance. And leverage has no effect on company value through financial performance.
P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 Positive Feedback Loop regulates cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis in the termination stage of liver regeneration.
Authors: Gong Junhua , Cong Minghua , Wu Hao , Wang Menghao , Bai He , Wang Jingyuan , Que Keting , Zheng Kaiwen , Zhang Wenfeng , Yang Xiaoli , Xiao Ke , Gong Jianping , Shi Hanping , Miao Mingyong , Yuan Fangchao
Published: January 2021

Background The capacity of the liver to restore its architecture and function assures good prognoses of patients who suffer serious hepatic injury or cancer resection. In our study, we found that the P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop has a remarkable negative regulatory effect, which is related to the termination of liver regeneration. Here, we described how P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop controls liver regeneration and its possible relationship with liver cancer.Method We performed partial hepatectomy (PH) in mice transfected with adenovirus (Ade) overexpressing P53 and adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) knock-downing miR-34a. LR was analyzed by liver weight/body weight, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and cell proliferation, and the related cellular signals were investigated. Bile acid (BA) levels during LR were analyzed by metabolomics of bile acids. Results We found that the P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop was activated in the late phase of LR. Overexpression of P53 terminated LR early and enhanced P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop expression and its proapoptotic effect. Mice from the Ade-P53 group showed smaller livers and higher levels of serum ALT and AST than control mice. While knock-down of miR-34a abolished P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop during LR. Mice from anti-miR-34a group showed larger livers and lower levels of PCNA-positive cells than control mice. T-β-MCA increased gradually during LR and peaked at 7 days after PH. T-β-MCA inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis via facilitating the P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop during LR by suppressing FXR/SHP. Conclusion The P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop plays an important role in the termination of LR. Our findings shed light on the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of LR termination and provide a potential therapeutic alternative for treating P53-wild-type HCC patients.
Unified neural pathways that gate affective pain and multisensory innate threat signals to the amygdala
Authors: Kang Sukjae , Liu Shijia , Ye Mao , Kim Dongil , Kim Jong-Hyun , Oh Tae Gyu , Peng Jiahang , Evans Ronald , Lee Kuo-Fen , Goulding Martyn , Han Sung
Published: January 2021

Perception of aversive sensory stimuli such as pain and innate threat cues is essential for animal survival. The amygdala is critical for aversive sensory perception, and it has been suggested that multiple parallel pathways independently relay aversive cues from each sensory modality to the amygdala. However, a convergent pathway that relays multisensory aversive cues to the amygdala has not been identified. Here, we report that neurons expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the parvocellular subparafasicular thalamic nucleus (SPFp) are necessary and sufficient for affective-motivational pain perception by forming a spino-thalamo-amygdaloid pain pathway. In addition, we find that this thalamic CGRP pain pathway, together with well-known parabrachio-amygdaloid CGRP pain pathway, relays multisensory innate threat cues to the amygdala. The discovery of unified pathways that collectively gate aversive sensory stimuli from all sensory modalities may provide critical circuit-based insights for developing therapeutic interventions for affective pain- and innate fear-related disorders.
Control of ionospheric plasma velocities by thermospheric winds
Authors: Immel Thomas , Harding Brian , Heelis Roderick , Maute Astrid , Forbes JM , England Scott , Mende Stephen , Englert Christoph , Stoneback Russell , Marr Kenneth , Harlander John , Makela Jonathan
Published: January 2021

Earth’s equatorial ionosphere exhibits significant and unpredictable day-to-day variations in density and morphology . This presents difficulties in preparing for adverse impacts on technological systems even 24 hours in advance . This behavior is now theoretically understood as a manifestation of thermospheric weather, where conditions in the upper atmosphere respond strongly to changes in the spectrum of atmospheric waves that propagate into space from the lower and middle atmosphere, modifying the electrodynamic environment that exerts control over the creation of plasma . The NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) makes the first coordinated space-based observations of the wind-driven dynamo and the plasma state to understand the relation of the plasma environment to the thermospheric weather below. Here we show the first direct measurements of the effects of a wind-driven dynamo in space, where a clear relationship is found between the vertical plasma velocities measured at the magnetic equator near 600 km and the thermospheric winds much farther below, with substantial correlations found between the plasma velocity and thermospheric winds during each of several successive precession cycles of the observatory’s orbit. Prediction of thermospheric winds in the 100 – 150 km range emerges as a key to improved prediction of the Earth’s plasma environment.
Prognostic Competence and Coping Strategies of International Students from India and Arab Countries
Authors: Fedotova Vera
Published: January 2021

Background. In the twenty-first century, many universities have internationalized their activity. The number of international students is one indicator of how successful an institution is in the world market of educational services. There is a number of works dedicated to adaptation of international students. However, the anticipatory competence of foreign students and coping strategies in the process of adaptation in a foreign cultural environment have not been previously studied. Methods. Coping strategies were assessed by using the «Coping Strategies for Stress Situations Test» (Strategic Approach to Coping Scale – SACS) (Vodopyanova & Starchenkova, 2009); the anticipatory competence of foreign students was assessed by using the anticipatory competence test (Mendelevich, 2003). The study involved young people studying in Russian universities from 1 year to 3 years in humanitarian and technical specialtiesResults. During the study it was found that students from Arab countries are dominated by a passive coping strategy, they are in a small degree characterized by asocial and aggressive actions, which are expressed in an asocial strategy of coping with stress. Indian students prefer a pro-social strategy of behavior, expressed in the search for social support. Significant differences were revealed between representatives of two different countries in the severity of the strategy of coping with stress - the search for social support. Personal-situational and temporal anticipatory consistency is more characteristic of students from Arab countries.Conclusion. The results of the present research work contribute to the knowledge on the ability to predict problematic situations (anticipatory competence) that international students have, in relation to their affiliation. The practical significance of the present research consists in the potential application of the obtained results. Methodical techniques developed in the course of the present research may be applied by specialists in a psychological service when they work with international students.
­Use of Artificial Intelligence for Public Health Surveillance: A case study to develop a Machine Learning-algorithm to estimate the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in France
Authors: Haneef Romana , Fuentes Sonsoles , Fosse-Edorh Sandrine , Hrzic Rok , Kab Sofiane , Cosson Emmanuel , Gallay Anne
Published: January 2021

Background The use of machine learning techniques is increasing in healthcare which allows to estimate and predict health outcomes from large administrative data sets more efficiently. The main objective of this study was to develop a generic machine learning (ML) algorithm to estimate the incidence of diabetes based on the number of reimbursements over the last 2 years. Methods We selected a training data set from a population-based epidemiological cohort (i.e., CONSTANCES) linked with French National Health Database (i.e., SNDS) to develop a ML-algorithm for estimating the incidence of diabetes. To develop this algorithm, we adopted a supervised ML approach. Following steps were performed: i. selection of final data set, ii. target definition, iii. coding variables for a given window of time, iv. split final data into training and test data sets, v. variables selection, vi. training model, vii. validation of model with test data set and viii. selection of the model. Results The final data set used to develop the algorithm included 44,659 participants from CONSTANCES. Out of 3,468 variables, which were similar in SNDS and CONSTANCES cohort were coded, 23 variables were selected to train different algorithms. The final algorithm to estimate the incidence of diabetes was a Linear Discriminant Analysis model based on number of reimbursements of selected variables related to biological tests, drugs, medical acts and hospitalization without a procedure over the last two years. This algorithm has a sensitivity of 62%, a specificity of 67% and an accuracy of 67% [95% CI: 0.66 – 0.68]. Conclusions Supervised ML is an innovative tool for the development of new methods to exploit large health administrative databases. In context of InfAct project, we have developed and applied the first time a generic ML-algorithm to estimate the incidence of diabetes for public health surveillance. The ML-algorithm we have developed, has a moderate performance. The next step is to apply this algorithm on SNDS to estimate the incidence of type 2 diabetes cases. More research is needed to apply various MLTs to estimate the incidence of various health conditions and to calculate the contribution of various risk factors on developing type 2 diabetes.
The Emergency Department Arrival Mode and Its Relations to ED Management and 30-Day Mortality in Acute Heart Failure: An Ancillary Analysis From The EURODEM Study
Authors: Harjola Pia , TARVASMÄKI Tuukka , BARLETTA Cinzia , BODY Richard , CAPSEC Jean , CHRIST Michael , GARCIA-CASTRILLO Luis , GOLEA Adela , KARAMERCAN Mehmet , MARTIN Paul-Louis , MIRÓ Òscar , TOLONEN Jukka , PALOMÄKI Ari , VERSCHUREN Franck , HARJOLA Veli-Pekka , LARIBI Said
Published: January 2021

Background: Acute heart failure patients are often encountered in emergency departments from 11% to 57 % using emergency medical services. Our aim was to evaluate the association of emergency department arrival mode with acute heart failure patients’ emergency department management and short-term outcomes. Methods: This was a sub-analysis of the European EURODEM study. Data on patients presenting with dyspnoea were collected prospectively from 66 European emergency departments. Patients with emergency department diagnosis of acute heart failure were categorized into two groups: those using emergency medical services and those self-presenting (non- emergency medical service patients). The independent association between emergency medical services use and 30-day mortality was evaluated with logistic regression. Results: Of the 500 acute heart failure patients, 309 (61.8 %) arrived at emergency department by emergency medical services. They were older (median age 80 vs. 75 years, p<0.001) and had more dementia (18.7 % vs. 7.2 %, p<0.001). On admission, emergency medical service patients had more often confusion (43 (14.2 %) vs. 4 (2.1 %), p<0.001) and higher respiratory rate (24/min vs. 21/min, p=0.014; respiratory rate > 30/min in 17.1 % patients vs. 7.5 %, p=0.005). The only difference in emergency department management appeared in the use of ventilatory support: 78.3 % of emergency medical services patients vs. 67.5% of non- emergency medical services patients received oxygen, p=0.007, non-invasive ventilation was administered to 12.5 % of emergency medical service patients vs. 4.2% non- emergency medical service patients, p=0.002. Emergency medical service patients were more often hospitalized (82.4 % vs. 65.9 %, p<0.001). The use of emergency medical services was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality (OR=2.96, 95% CI 1.27-6.92, p=0.012)Conclusion: Most acute heart failure patients arrive at emergency department by emergency medical services. These patients suffer from more severe respiratory distress and receive more often ventilatory support. Emergency medical service use is an independent predictor of 30-day mortality.
Refining Insights on the Impact of SES on Perceived Health: A Positive Health Perspective
Authors: Dierx John , Kasper Hans
Published: January 2021

BackgroundRecent insights and developments on health and society urge for a critical look at the positive relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health. We challenge the notions that it is sufficient to distinguish only between two groups of SES (low and high) and that only overall health is taken into account. MethodsA new grouping of SES was developed based on both income and education, resulting in six SES groups. Health was defined in terms of a new positive health concept, operationalised into six health dimensions generating a measure of total general health (TGH). Next, six socioeconomic and demographic determinants of health were included. Linear regression, T-tests and one-way ANOVA were applied to investigate the relationships in a Dutch sample. A subjective way to measure health was applied: self-rated health. ResultsFour out of six dimensions of health determined TGH: bodily functions, daily functioning, quality of life, and social and societal participation. Three out of six socioeconomic and demographic determinants impacted TGH: housing situation, age, and difficulties meeting financial obligations. While this is the general picture for the entire sample, there were interesting similarities and differences between the six SES groups. The similarities refer to the positive impact of the evaluation of bodily functions and daily functioning on TGH in all SES groups. The other dimensions affected TGH in some groups and some dimensions only in one SES group. None of the socioeconomic and demographic determinants affected TGH in all SES groups. New insights on health inequalities are provided. ConclusionsThe well-known positive relationship between SES and health is confirmed in this study. Further refining the health concept into six dimensions provides more detailed insights on which dimensions impact health the most. The subjective approach applied offers more refined information to better understand which health issues really matter to people. This yields new and more effective ways to develop interventions aimed at increasing healthy behaviour.
Nepetin, a Flavonoid Derived From Saussureae Involucratae, Suppresses The LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Cultured Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Gong Guowei , Zheng Yuzhong , Xiao Jian , Dong Tina , Tsim Karl
Published: January 2021

Background: Saussureae Involucratae Herba, known as “snow lotus” in Uyghur and/or Chinese medicines, is the dried aerial part of Saussurea involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.-Bip. (Asteraceae). One of the known pharmacological applications of this herb is to suppress chronic inflammation. Nepetin is considered as a bioactive flavonoid of Saussureae Involucratae Herba. Here, we are probing the efficacy of nepetin in modulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory responses in cultured human keratinocytes.Results: In cultured keratinocytes, applied nepetin prevented the LPS-induced cell death. In parallel, the productions of inflammatory mediators, i.e. iNOS, COX-2，PGES2 and NO, were declined after nepetin challenge in LPS-treated keratinocytes. Besides, the treatment of nepetin in LPS-induced cultures suppressed the expressions of cytokines, i.e. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, in a dose-dependent manner. The productions of inflammatory modulators and/or cytokines could be accounted by nepetin-mediated NF-kB translocation from cytosol to nucleus within the inflammatory activated keratinocytes. In accord to this notion, the formation of ROS, as induced by LPS, could be reduced by nepetin challenge.Conclusions: The aforementioned results suggested that nepetin could account the anti-inflammatory properties of Saussureae Involucratae Herba, at least during the skin inflammation, e.g. atopic dermatitis.