bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED CLASS MANAGEMENT ABILITY IN PBM ACTIVITIES THROUGH CLINICAL SUPERVISION ON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE CLASSROOM UPT PPK JETIS
Authors: Haryani Siti
Published: November 2020

The Purpose of this research is to: 1) to know the implementation of clinical supervision as an effort to improve the ability of teachers in PBM activities of Kepuh elementary school teachers. 2) Take a clinical supervision measures to improve the ability in class management of Elementary School teacher. This research includes the type of school action research. The data collection techniques undertaken are with observations, tests and documentation as well as research instruments. Data analysis is done in every single round of action, this study implemented 2 cycles of research. Each cycle consists of four stages planning, implementation the plan, observing the implementing of the plan and reflecting or evaluation. The Setting of this research is the classroom teachers of SD kepuh of UPT PPK Jetis. The results showed that the teacher’s ability are improved.
Properties of ice cloud over Beijing from surface Ka-band radar observations during 2014–2017
Authors: Huo Juan , Tian Yufang , Wu Xue , Han Congzheng , Liu Bo , Bi Yongheng , Duan Shu , Lyu Daren
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The physical properties and radiative role of ice clouds
remain one of the uncertainties in the Earth–atmosphere system. In this
study, we present a detailed analysis of ice cloud properties based on 4 years of surface millimeter-wavelength radar measurements in Beijing, China,
where the summer monsoon from the ocean and the winter monsoon from the continent
prevail alternately, resulting in various ice clouds. More than 6300 ice
cloud clusters were studied to quantify the properties of ice clouds, such
as the height, optical depth and horizontal extent, which can serve as a
reference for parameterization and characterization in global climate
models. In addition, comparison between ice cloud clusters formed under the
summer monsoon and the winter monsoon indicates the different formation and
evolution mechanisms of cirrus clouds. Statistically, temperatures of more than
95 % of ice radar bins are below −15 ∘C and more than 80 %
of ice clouds are above 7 km. The dependence of the radar reflectivity of
ice particles on height and temperature was also observed in this study,
indicating that the reflectivity of ice bins increases (decreases) as the
temperature (height) increases. In addition, it is found that there is a
strong linear relationship between the mean reflectivity and the ice cloud
depth. Due to various synoptic circumstances, the ice clouds in summer are
warmer, higher and thicker, with larger reflectivity than that in winter;
in particular, the mean cloud-top height of ice clouds in summer is 2.2 km
higher than that in winter. Our analysis indicates that in spring, in situ-origin
cirrus clouds are more common than liquid-origin cirrus clouds, while in summer
liquid-origin cirrus clouds are more frequent; in autumn and winter, most cirrus
clouds are of in situ origin.
Direct contribution of ammonia to α-pinene secondary organic aerosol formation
Authors: Hao Liqing , Kari Eetu , Leskinen Ari , Worsnop Douglas R. , Virtanen Annele
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Ammonia (NH3), a gaseous compound ubiquitously present in the
atmosphere, is involved in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA),
but the exact mechanism is still not well known. This study presents the
results of SOA experiments from the photooxidation of α-pinene in
the presence of NH3 in the reaction chamber. SOA was formed in
in nucleation experiments and in seeded experiments with ammonium sulfate
particles as seeds. The chemical composition and time series of compounds in
the gas and particle phase were characterized by an online
high-resolution time-of-flight proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer
(HR-ToF-PTRMS) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass
spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), respectively. Our results show that the mass
concentration of ammonium (NH4+) was still rising even after the
mass concentration of the organic component started to decrease due to aerosol
wall deposition and evaporation, implying the continuous new formation of
particle-phase ammonium in the process. Stoichiometric neutralization
analysis of aerosol indicates that organic acids have a central role in the
formation of particle-phase ammonium. Our measurements show a good
correlation between the gas-phase organic mono- and dicarboxylic acids
formed in the photooxidation of α-pinene and the ammonium in the
particle phase, thus highlighting the contribution of gas-phase organic
acids to the ammonium formation. The work shows that the gas-phase organic
acids contribute to the SOA formation by forming organic ammonium salts
through acid–base reaction. The changes in aerosol mass, particle size and
chemical composition resulting from the NH3–SOA interaction can
potentially alter the aerosol direct and indirect forcing and therefore
alter its impact on climate change.
Reanalysis intercomparison of potential vorticity and potential-vorticity-based diagnostics
Authors: Millan Luis F. , Manney Gloria L. , Lawrence Zachary D.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Global reanalyses from data assimilation systems are among the most widely used datasets in weather and climate studies, and potential vorticity (PV) from reanalyses is invaluable for many studies of dynamical and transport processes. We assess how consistently modern reanalyses represent potential vorticity (PV) among each other, focusing not only on PV but also on process-oriented dynamical diagnostics including equivalent latitude calculated from PV and PV-based tropopause and stratospheric polar vortex characterization. In particular we assess the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis/Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSR/CFSv2) reanalysis, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim (ERA-Interim) reanalysis, the Japanese Meteorological Agency’s 55-year (JRA-55) reanalysis, and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Overall, PV from all reanalyses agrees well with the reanalysis ensemble mean, providing some confidence that all of these recent reanalyses are suitable for most studies using PV-based diagnostics. Specific diagnostics where some larger differences are seen include PV-based tropopause locations in regions that have strong tropopause gradients (such as around the subtropical jets) or are sparse in high-resolution data (such as over Antarctica), and the stratospheric polar vortices during fall vortex formation and (especially) spring vortex breakup; studies of sensitive situations/regions such as these should examine PV from multiple reanalyses.
Thermal electron anisotropy driven by kinetic Alfven waves in the Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Lukin Alexander , Artemyev Anton , Panov Evgeny , Nakamura Rumi , Petrukovich Anatoly , Ergun Robert , Giles Barbara , Khotyaintsev Yuri , Lindqvist Per Arne , Russell Christopher , Strangeway Robert
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Thermal and subthermal electron populations in the Earth's magnetotail are usually characterized by pronounced field-aligned anisotropy that contributes to generation of strong electric currents within the magnetotail current sheet. Formation of this anisotropy requires electron field-aligned acceleration, and thus likely involves field-aligned electric fields. Such fields can be carried by various electromagnetic waves generated by fast plasma flows interacting with ambient magnetotail plasma. In this paper we consider one of the most intense observed wave emissions, kinetic Alfven waves, that often accompany fast plasma flows in the magnetotail. Using two tail seasons (2017, 2018) of MMS observations we have collected statistics of 80 fast plasma flows (or bursty bulk flows) events with distinctive enhancement of intensity of broadband electromagnetic waves (kinetic Alfven waves). We show correlation the intensity of electric fields of kinetic Alfven waves and characteristics of electron anisotropy distributions: the parallel electron anisotropy increases with magnitude of the wave parallel electric field. Also the energy range of this electron anisotropic population is well within the expected acceleration range for assumed kinetic Alfven waves. Our results indicate an important role of KAWs in production of thermal field-aligned electron population typically observed in the Earth's magnetotail.
Hysteretic temperature sensitivity of wetland CH4 fluxes explained by substrate availability and microbial activity
Authors: Chang Kuang-Yu , Riley William J. , Crill Patrick M. , Grant Robert F. , Saleska Scott R.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from wetlands are likely increasing and
important in global climate change assessments. However, contemporary
terrestrial biogeochemical model predictions of CH4 emissions are very
uncertain, at least in part due to prescribed temperature sensitivity of
CH4 production and emission. While statistically consistent apparent
CH4 emission temperature dependencies have been inferred from
meta-analyses across microbial to ecosystem scales, year-round
ecosystem-scale observations have contradicted that finding. Here, we show
that apparent CH4 emission temperature dependencies inferred from
year-round chamber measurements exhibit substantial intra-seasonal
variability, suggesting that using static temperature relations to predict
CH4 emissions is mechanistically flawed. Our model results indicate
that such intra-seasonal variability is driven by substrate-mediated
microbial and abiotic interactions: seasonal cycles in substrate
availability favors CH4 production later in the season, leading to
hysteretic temperature sensitivity of CH4 production and emission.
Our findings demonstrate the uncertainty of inferring CH4 emission or
production rates from temperature alone and highlight the need to represent
microbial and abiotic interactions in wetland biogeochemical models.
Temperate Oligocene surface ocean conditions offshore Cape Adare, Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Hoem Frida S. , Valero Luis , Evangelinos Dimitris , Escutia Carlota , Duncan Bella , McKay Robert M. , Brinkhuis Henk , Sangiorgi Francesca , Bijl Peter K.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Antarctic continental ice masses fluctuated considerably in size during the elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (~ 600–800 ppm) of the Oligocene “coolhouse”. To evaluate the role of ocean conditions to the Oligocene ice sheet variability requires understanding of past ocean conditions around the ice sheet. While warm ocean conditions have been reconstructed for the Oligocene Wilkes Land region, questions arise on the geographical extent of that warmth. Currently, we lack data on surface ocean conditions from circum-Antarctic locations, and ice-proximal to ice-distal temperature gradients are poorly documented. In this study, we reconstruct past surface ocean conditions from glaciomarine sediments recovered from the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 274, offshore the Ross Sea continental margin. This site offshore Cape Adare is ideally located to characterise the Oligocene regional surface ocean conditions, as it is situated between the colder, ice-proximal Ross Sea continental shelf, and the warm-temperate Wilkes Land Margin in the Oligocene. We improve the existing age model of DSDP Site 274 using integrated bio- and magnetostratigraphy. Subsequently, we analyse dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and lipid biomarkers (TEX86) to reconstruct surface paleoceanographic conditions during the Oligocene (33.7–25.4 Ma). Both TEX86-based sea surface temperature (SST) and microplankton results show temperate (10–17 °C ± 5.2 °C) surface ocean conditions at Site 274 throughout the Oligocene. Increasingly similar oceanographic conditions between offshore Wilkes Land margin and Cape Adare developed towards the late Oligocene (26.5–25.4 Ma), likely in consequence of the widening of the Tasmanian Gateway, which resulted in more interconnected ocean basins and frontal systems. To maintain marine terminations of terrestrial ice sheets in a proto-Ross Sea with as warm offshore SST as our data suggests, requires a strong ice flux fed by intensive precipitation during colder orbital states in the Antarctic hinterland, but with extensive surface melt of terrestrial ice during warmer orbital states.
An improved multivariable integrated evaluation method and NCL code for multimodel intercomparison (MVIETool version 1.0)
Authors: Zhang Meng-Zhuo , Xu Zhongfeng , Han Ying , Guo Weidong
Published: November 2020

Abstract. An evaluation of a model's overall performance in simulating multiple fields is fundamental to model intercomparison and development. A multivariable integrated evaluation (MVIE) method was proposed previously based on a vector field evaluation (VFE) diagram, which can provide quantitative and comprehensive evaluation on multiple fields. In this study, we make further improvements to this method from the following aspects. (1) We take area weighting into account in the definition of statistics in the VFE diagram and MVIE method, which is particularly important for a global evaluation. (2) We consider the combination of multiple scalar fields and vector fields against multiple scalar fields alone in the previous MVIE method. (3) A multivariable integrated skill score (MISS) is proposed as a flexible index to measure a model’s ability to simulate multiple fields. Compared with the MIEI proposed in the previous study, MISS is a normalized index that can adjust the relative importance of different aspects of model performance. (4) A simple-to-use and straightforward tool, the Multivariable Integrated Evaluation Tool (MVIETool), is developed to facilitate an intercomparison of the performance of various models. The tool is coded with the open-source NCAR Command Language (NCL), which provides a calculation of MVIE statistics and plotting. With the support of this tool, one can easily evaluate model performance in terms of each individual variable and/or multiple variables.
Investigating the response of LAI to droughts in southern African vegetation using observations and model-simulations
Authors: Lawal Shakirudeen , Sitch Stephen , Lombardozzi Danica , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Wey Hao-Wei , Friedlingstein Pierre , Tian Hanqin , Hewitson Bruce
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In many regions of the world, frequent and continual dry spells are exacerbating drought conditions, which have severe impacts on vegetation biomes. Vegetation in southern Africa is among the most affected by drought. Here, we assessed the spatiotemporal characteristics of meteorological drought in southern Africa using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index over a 30-year period (1982–2011). The severity and the effects of droughts on vegetation productiveness were examined at different drought time-scales (1- to 24-month time-scales). In this study, we characterized vegetation using the Leaf Area Index, after evaluating its relationship with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. We found that the LAI responds strongly (r = 0.6) to drought over the central and south eastern parts of the region, with weaker impacts (r
Random gas mixtures for efficient gas sensor calibration
Authors: Baur Tobias , Bastuck Manuel , Schultealbert Caroline , Sauerwald Tilman , Schütze Andreas
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Applications like air quality, fire detection and
detection of explosives require selective and quantitative measurements in
an ever-changing background of interfering gases. One main issue hindering
the successful implementation of gas sensors in real-world applications is
the lack of appropriate calibration procedures for advanced gas sensor
systems. This article presents a calibration scheme for gas sensors based on
statistically distributed gas profiles with unique randomized gas mixtures.
This enables a more realistic gas sensor calibration including masking
effects and other gas interactions which are not considered in classical
sequential calibration. The calibration scheme is tested with two different
metal oxide semiconductor sensors in temperature-cycled operation using
indoor air quality as an example use case. The results are compared to a
classical calibration strategy with sequentially increasing gas
concentrations. While a model trained with data from the sequential
calibration performs poorly on the more realistic mixtures, our randomized
calibration achieves significantly better results for the prediction of both
sequential and randomized measurements for, for example, acetone, benzene and
hydrogen. Its statistical nature makes it robust against overfitting and
well suited for machine learning algorithms. Our novel method is a promising
approach for the successful transfer of gas sensor systems from the
laboratory into the field. Due to the generic approach using concentration
distributions the resulting performance tests are versatile for various
applications.
Multi-hazard risk assessment for roads: probabilistic versus deterministic approaches
Authors: Oberndorfer Stefan , Sander Philip , Fuchs Sven
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Mountain hazard risk analysis for transport infrastructure is regularly based on deterministic approaches. Standard risk assessment approaches for roads need a variety of variables and data for risk computation, however without considering potential uncertainty in the input data. Consequently, input data needed for risk assessment are normally processed as discrete mean values without scatter or as an individual deterministic value from expert judgement if no statistical data are available. To overcome this gap, we used a probabilistic approach to analyse the effect of input data uncertainty on the results, taking a mountain road in the Eastern European Alps as a case study. The uncertainty of the input data are expressed with potential bandwidths using two different distribution functions. The risk assessment included risk for persons, property risk and risk for non-operational availability exposed to a multi-hazard environment
(torrent processes, snow avalanches and rockfall). The study focuses on the
epistemic uncertainty of the risk terms (exposure situations, vulnerability
factors and monetary values), ignoring potential sources of variation in the
hazard analysis. As a result, reliable quantiles of the calculated probability density distributions attributed to the aggregated road risk due to the impact of multiple mountain hazards were compared to the
deterministic outcome from the standard guidelines on road safety. The
results based on our case study demonstrate that with common deterministic
approaches risk might be underestimated in comparison to a probabilistic
risk modelling setup, mainly due to epistemic uncertainties of the input
data. The study provides added value to further develop standardized road
safety guidelines and may therefore be of particular importance for road
authorities and political decision-makers.
Including informal housing in slope stability analysis – an application to a data-scarce location in the humid tropics
Authors: Bozzolan Elisa , Holcombe Elizabeth , Pianosi Francesca , Wagener Thorsten
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Empirical evidence from the humid tropics shows that informal housing can
increase the occurrence of rainfall-triggered landslides. However, informal
housing is rarely accounted for in landslide hazard assessments at community or larger scales. We include informal-housing influences (vegetation removal, slope cutting, house loading, and point water sources) in a slope stability analysis. We extend the mechanistic model CHASM (Combined Hydrology and Stability Model) to include leaking pipes, septic tanks, and roof gutters. We apply this extended model (CHASM+) in a region of the humid tropics using a stochastic framework to account for uncertainties related to model parameters and drivers (including climate change). We find slope cutting to be the most detrimental construction activity for slope stability, and we quantify its influence and that of other destabilising factors. When informal housing is present, more failures (+85 %) are observed in slopes that would otherwise have had low landslide susceptibility and for high-intensity, short-duration precipitations. As a result, the rainfall threshold for triggering landslides is lower when compared to non-urbanised slopes and comparable to those found empirically for similar urbanised regions. Finally, low cost-effective “low regrets” mitigation actions are suggested to tackle the main landslide drivers identified in the study area. The proposed methodology and rainfall threshold calculation are suitable for data-scarce contexts, i.e. when limited field measurements or landslide inventories are available.
The Subhercynian Basin: An example of an intraplate foreland basin due to a broken plate
Authors: Hindle David , Kley Jonas
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The Late Cretaceous, intraplate shortening event in Central Western Europe is associated with a number of marine basins of relatively high amplitude and short wavelength (2–3 km depth and 20–100 km width). In particular, the Harz Mountains, a basement uplift on a single, relatively steeply dipping, basement thrust, have filled the adjacent Subhercynian Cretaceous Basin with their erosive product, proving that the two were related and synchronous. The problem of generating subsidence of this general style and geometry in an intraplate setting is dealt with here, by using an elastic flexural model conditioned to take account of basement thrusts as weak zones in the lithosphere. Using a relatively simple configuration of this kind, we reproduce many of the basic features of the Subhercynian Cretaceous Basin and related basement thrusts. As a result, we suggest that overall, these basins share many characteristics with larger scale, foreland basins associated with collisional orogens on plate boundaries.
Experimental evidence for a universal threshold characterizing wave-induced sea ice break-up
Authors: Voermans Joey J. , Rabault Jean , Filchuk Kirill , Ryzhov Ivan , Heil Petra , Marchenko Aleksey , Collins III Clarence O. , Dabboor Mohammed , Sutherland Graig , Babanin Alexander V.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Waves can drastically transform a sea ice cover by inducing break-up over vast distances in the course of a few hours. However, relatively few detailed studies have described this phenomenon in a quantitative manner, and the process of sea ice break-up by waves needs to be further parameterized and verified before it can be reliably included in forecasting models. In the present work, we discuss sea ice break-up parameterization and demonstrate the existence of an observational threshold separating breaking and non-breaking cases. This threshold is based on information from two recent field campaigns, supplemented with existing observations of sea ice break-up. The data used cover a wide range of scales, from laboratory-grown sea ice to polar field observations. Remarkably, we show that both field and laboratory observations tend to converge to a single quantitative threshold at which the wave-induced sea ice break-up takes place, which opens a promising avenue for robust parametrization in operational forecasting models.
A leitura literária no/pelo livro didático
Authors: Alberto da Silva Sales Paulo
Published: November 2020

Na era digital e das inúmeras tecnologias de informação, o ensino de literatura tradicional está fadado ao fracasso. Várias são as novas formas e abordagens de apresentação dos textos literários a sujeitos cada vez mais interligados a inúmeras redes e “realidades”. Pensando nesse desafio, este artigo trata dos empasses encontrados pelos licenciados em letras no ensino de literatura para adolescentes do ensino médio. Tendo o livro didático, muitas das vezes, como o único instrumento didático para o tratamento das obras literárias em várias escolas públicas brasileiras, utilizaremos como corpus desta pesquisa a coleção “Se liga na língua”, dos autores Wilton Ormundo e Cristiane Siniscalchi, no intuito de verificar como os textos literários são apresentados aos alunos e se eles despertam o interesse pela leitura literária desse público leitor.
La dimensión ética de la Investigación educativa
Authors: Baeza Cristian Candia
Published: November 2020

En el ámbito de las investigaciones educativas se da una convergencia de estudios de diferentes aspectos de la realidad social. Cuando consideramos los principios filosóficos que fundamentan la ética de las investigaciones educativas se puede afirmar que la orientación de estas es, por una parte, la orientación del saber hacia un fin bueno, y por otra, asegurar un conocimiento científico. En ambos casos, lo que está en juego es la relación del investigador educativo con la población en estudio. En función de aclarar los supuestos que debe conocer el investigador, haremos una exposición de los principios filosóficos sobre los que se fundamentan los principios éticos de la investigación, y luego, caracterizamos la investigación educativa con especial atención en su aplicación para la investigación con niños y adolescentes. Será necesario tener en cuenta el papel de las políticas en públicas para asegurar lo que consideramos el fin específico de esta investigación, a saber, que el investigador, en tanto que responsable del mejoramiento de la vida de las personas, asegure el bienestar de los sujetos de la investigación científica.
Currículo y justicia social: un abordaje desde la interculturalidad
Authors: Quichimbo Saquichagua Fausto Fabricio , Mendez Carchi Nelly Mercedes
Published: November 2020

La interculturalidad en el Ecuador en los últimos años tomó mayor fuerza, generó un amplio debate a nivel discursivo y práctico sobre las diferentes aplicaciones que giran en torno a este concepto polisémico. En este contexto, una serie de directrices y documentos legales —Plan de Desarrollo, Ley Orgánica de Educación Intercultural, Acuerdos Ministeriales— permiten incorporar la interculturalidad en el sistema educativo del país. Así, se visibiliza en los currículos de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe y la etnoeducación. Estas propuestas se trazan en términos de justicia cognitiva y justicia social desde el enfoque de una metodología cualitativa de carácter hermenéutica al analizar los documentos y textos. En este sentido, el presente ensayo discute y reflexiona el aporte de la interculturalidad para la construcción de sociedades con justicia social y como principio de toda la sociedad, así como la relevancia de los contenidos que nos permiten valorar saberes de las diferentes manifestaciones cognitivas, históricas, culturales y lingüísticas del país. De ahí, emerge la necesidad de comprender los currículos desde la Filosofía de la Liberación y la descolonización del saber.
Del monólogo eurocéntrico a la enseñanza de la diferencia colonial: el debate žižek/mignolo
Authors: Giuliano Facundo
Published: November 2020

Para quienes piensan que el eurocentrismo fue un problema “de moda” ya superado, este ensayo evidencia que no lo fue y que se trata de un asunto espinoso todavía abierto. En este sentido, las disecciones que componen estas páginas apuntan a reconstruir el debate entre dos de los pensadores más importantes de este tiempo. La metodología es hermenéutica desde la perspectiva crítica de este ensayo que, no sólo se nutre de leer con minucia los argumentos y contra-argumentos, sino también de haber interpelado a ambas posiciones desde diferentes movimientos de problematización. Podrán observarse las resonancias y profundizaciones de esos cruces, así como el desglose de sus gestualidades teóricas. En el monologar del eurocentrismo podrá notarse la persistencia en la universalización del legado europeo planteado como camino “único” a la re-politización, a la liberación o a la solución de los dilemas contemporáneos, lo que ha permitido en forma favorable la colonialidad y las estrategias de re-occidentalización. Por otro lado, la enseñanza de la diferencia colonial permite descreer de los caminos únicos o universales que prometen “el paraíso” a costa de sacrificar los legados (inter)culturales del resto del mundo no-europeo. Desde este movimiento, se postula una praxis descolonial del pensar que brega por la coexistencia de universales situados, no abstracta y desprovista de cualquier tiranía disciplinaria. Finalmente, queda insinuada la pregunta sobre la lucha por la coexistencia con un legado que niega o interrumpe los demás, al tiempo que se busca delinear formas de descolonización educativas que recuperen y reconstituyan las memorias colectivas.
Valparaíso como Patrimonio de la Humanidad, entre expulsión y participación
Authors: Arias Krause Juan Ignacio , Avila Mariela Cecilia
Published: November 2020

La declaración de la ciudad de Valparaíso como Patrimonio de la Humanidad conlleva no sólo un honor por sus cualidades geográficas y urbanas, a su vez, es un valor conceptual que se traduce en una serie de políticas que influyen en la organización de las formas de vida de quienes conforman dicho territorio. A través de este ejercicio, la ciudad rompe con su actividad social, para ser determinada por dispositivos externos, tales como políticas públicas emanadas de un poder central o como presiones de una economía que transforma y moldea el espacio según las órdenes del mercado, en vistas a convertirla en un producto comercial. Este artículo presenta el choque que se produce con las prácticas patrimoniales, que procuran reducir las formas de vida a un aparato conceptual abstracto y coartan la actividad de la ciudad en favor de una identidad ajena e impuesta. La metodología aplicada fue la hermenéutico-crítica, pero también la de observación de casos, y fuentes textuales. Se explicita la propuesta de la participación ciudadana, que puede configurarse como un ejercicio que rompa las estructuras normativas que rigen la ciudad.
Alimentos sagrados en la cosmovisión andina
Authors: Viteri Robayo Carmen , Camino Naranjo María , Robayo Poveda Domenica , Moreno Dávila Tatiana , Ramos Jácome Michael
Published: November 2020

Alimentarse para las comunidades indígenas no es sólo llevarse algo a la boca; es un acto sagrado, porque implica un contacto con la tierra, el viento, el sol, la naturaleza. Es el trabajo honesto, sabiduría y comunitarismo. De ahí que es importante rescatar los conocimientos de nuestros ancestros, aprender de esa visión integral de las comunidades indígenas, en donde el alimento es la comunión con la Madre Tierra. El objetivo de la investigación fue recopilar información acerca de los alimentos sagrados para su revalorización y rescate. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, con enfoque antropológico-cultural, se aplicó una entrevista a los “ancianos“ de la comunidad indígena de Salasaca. Los alimentos sagrados señalados por los ancianos son principalmente el maíz, papa, quinua, oca, mashua, sambo, entre otros. Plantas y árboles sagrados, como el Yahual, quishuar, capulí, la chilca. Una bebida importante en la comunidad de Salasaca, es el tzawar mishki obtenida de la cabuya, presente en las fiestas tradicionales de la comunidad a igual que alimentos considerados sagrados, principalmente maíz, quinua, papa, haba. Actualmente, el pensamiento consumista pone en peligro el conocimiento, tradiciones y costumbres de la comunidad. El guardar aquellos preceptos de la cosmovisión andina, debería constituirse en el eje rector de nuestras vidas
Intercultural Language Teaching Practice in EFL Classroom China--College English Instruction Based on Film The Proposal
Authors: Liu Fang
Published: November 2020

EFL teaching plays a special and important role in development of a country shouldering the responsibility of development of intercultural competence. EFL teaching in China to some extent cannot fully realize the teaching aims due to its narrowed focus on linguistic objectives more than cultivation of interculturality. Integration of intercultural education into EFL and research of how teachers can be oriented with intercultural teaching pedagogy to conduct suitable activities to develop students’ intercultural communicative competence are urgently needed. Inspired by the theories of intercultural language teaching, this paper attempts to revise the instructional pedagogy in College English in China by applying the intercultural teaching with the film as the medium, so as to explore the practical way of integrating intercultural communication competence training with language skills training in teaching practice.
Cost-Effectiveness of Early Oral Feeding Following Total Gastrectomy
Authors: Hisashige Akinori , Shimizu Nobuyuki , Seto Yasuyuki
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is a major health problem worldwide. Effectiveness of early oral feeding (EOF) following gastrectomy has been internationally evaluated, even though there is limited evidence available. In Japan, recently, a randomized controlled trial of EOF following total gastrectomy showed a decreased length of hospital stay, compared with conventional oral feeding (COF). To evaluate value for money of EOF following gastrectomy, cost-effective analysis was carried out based on this trial.

METHODS: The analysis was carried out from a societal perspective as the base case. The subjects were randomly assigned to the EOF group (N=32) and the COF group (N=30). While the EOF group received a special diet (i.e., iEAT) from the postoperative day (POD) 1 to POD 3, the COF group received conventional diet (i.e., a liquid diet or rice gruel) on POD 4 and thereafter. The observation period was 3 weeks after total gastrectomy. As an effectiveness measure, quality-adjusted life days (QALDs) were estimated. Quality of life for health conditions was evaluated by using EuroQol-5Dimentions (EQ-5D)-3Levels among the subjects. Costs (e.g., nutritional support, hospitalization and treatment of adverse events) were estimated from trial data during observation. Qualitative and stochastic sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of the results.

RESULTS: The mean QALDs per patient for the EOF and the COF groups were 14.93 and 14.19, respectively. Incremental effectiveness of the EOF group to the COF group was 0.74 QALDs (p=0.359, t-test). The mean total cost per patient in the EOF and the COF groups was $3,177.7 and $3,755.4, respectively. Incremental cost was -$577.7 (p=0.03, t-test, Welch). This means EOF is dominant (cost saving). The qualitative sensitivity analysis and the stochastic sensitivity analysis showed the relative robustness of these results.

CONCLUSIONS: Economic evaluation of EOF following total gastrectomy showed that EOF was cost-saving, with non-significant increase in effectives (i.e., QALD), compared with COF. This result can contribute to strengthen the evidence for wide use of EOF.
An Overview of the Administrative Issues in Preschools from Preschool Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Öztabak Muhammet Ü. , Polatlar Duygu Yalman
Published: November 2020

The aim of the current study was to review some of the administration issues at preschools from preschool teachers’ perspectives by employing a holistic, multiple-case design. Ten preschool teachers working in state-funded preschools in the Anatolian Side of Istanbul during Fall 2019 and Spring 2020 made up the sample of the study. The data collected from the participants through face-to-face interviews were divided into three themes, which are physical structure, staff and administration. Descriptive statistics were performed. The results revealed that architectural deficiencies in the physical structure, ineffective leadership in the workplace, problems with joint planning and consultation, inexperienced support staff, fees, interfering parents or guardians, double shift schooling and superficial approach to supervision were among the outstanding problems reported by the preschool teachers.
Exponential stabilty for a Timoshenko system with nonlocal delay
Authors: Nonato C. A. S. , Raposo C. A. , Nguyen H. H.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper is to study  the Timoshenko system with nonlocal time-delayed condition. The well-posedness is proved  by Hille-Yosida theorem. Exploring  the  dissipative properties of the linear operator associated to full damped model, we obtain the exponential stability by using Gearhart-Huang-Prüss theorem.
On Equilibria Stability in an Epidemiological SIR Model with Recovery-dependent Infection Rate
Authors: Baez Sanchez A. D. , Bobko N.
Published: November 2020

We consider an epidemiological SIR model with an infection rate depending on the recovered population. We establish sufficient conditions for existence, uniqueness, and stability (local and global) of endemic equilibria and consider also the stability of the disease-free equilibrium. We show that, in contrast with classical SIR models, a system with a recovery-dependent infection rate can have multiple endemic stable equilibria (multistability) and multiple stable and unstable saddle points of equilibria. We establish conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena and illustrate the results with some examples.
Time fractional heat transfer analysis in nonhomogeneous thick hollow cylinder with internal heat generation and its thermal stresses
Authors: THAKARE Shivcharan , WARBHE M. S. , LAMBA Navneet
Published: November 2020

In this article, we assume a two dimensional thermoelastic problem of a nonhomogeneous thick hollow cylinder within the context of fractional order derivative . Convection boundary conditions are applied on the curved surface of cylinder with internal heat generation. Let the material properties other then Poisson’s ratio and density are assumed to be expresses by a simple power law in axial direction. Lower and upper surface are assumed to be thermally insulated. The affect of inhomogeneity on the both thermal and mechanical behavior is examined. Numerical computations are carried out for both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous cylinders and are illustrated graphically are shown in figures with the help of Mathematica software.
Investigation on Current Control Defrosting Method of Multi-split Variable Refrigerant Flow System
Authors: LİU Min , LİU Hexin , WANG Meng , CHEN Hua
Published: November 2020

There are many indoor units in the multi-split variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system. The continuous operation of heating in winter is longer than that of ordinary household air conditioning, so that the precise defrosting control is energy-saving and improves the comfort for users. In this paper, during the experiment, the indoor temperature was 20℃, the outdoor dry bulb temperature was 7℃, 0℃, -5℃ and -7℃, and the wet bulb temperature was 6℃, 0℃, -6℃ and -8℃ respectively. The defrosting temperature, liquid pipe temperature, defrosting time and the current value change rate of the condenser fan were compared when the heating capacity was reduced by 15%. The experiments showed that the current change rate was little affected by the outdoor temperature. It was only related to the frost mass, which could reflect the real frosting situation. Then through the maximum cycle heating capacity, air supply temperature and capacity decay rate, the most reasonable defrosting time could be seen when the fan current change rate was 15% - 20%. Compared with the traditional defrosting, the current control defrosting had a higher heating capacity. Under the four working conditions, the heating cycle capacity was increased by 2.3%, 4%, 2.8% and 5.8% in turn. At the same time, the control was precise. The phenomenon of thermosensor falling off and the uneven frost formation had little impact on the current control defrosting.
Energy and exergy analysis study of heat exchanger in a refrigeration system with different lengths of capillary tube
Authors: SALEM Thamer , FARHAN Saad , FARHAN Israa
Published: November 2020

An experimental study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of the capillary tube length on the refrigeration system performance by adding heat exchanger. The heat exchanger was designed by welding 70cm of the capillary tube with the suction line laterally, which included different lengths of the capillary tubes are 160, 175, 190cm. Besides, the experimental part has been tested at different refrigerant flow rates and air fan velocities of the condenser for each case of the adiabatic and nonadiabatic capillary tube. The experimental results showed an increase in the system performance by 17.96% with a decrease in capillary tube length from 190 to 160 cm for the nonadiabatic capillary tubes at the mass flow rate was 17.3kg/hr and air velocity 3m/s. In addition, the increase in the air-speed of condenser has led to elevate COP by 17.47% at the mass flow rate of 18.9 kg/hr and the capillary tube length of 190 cm. Finally, at the capillary tube length 190cm and refrigerant mass flow rate 2.4g/s is achieved the maximum enhancement of the refrigeration system performance and exergy efficiency by 6.7% and 35% at airspeed 1m/s and 3 m/s respectively compared to the reference one of the adiabatic capillary tubes.
Handen wassen en witwassen in tijden van Covid-19
Authors: van der Voort N. (Nosh) , Warnaars W.M. (Willemijn)
Published: November 2020

Handen wassen en witwassen in tijden van Covid-19

Cash is king, maar tijdens de coronacrisis lijkt dat anders te liggen. Betaling in chartaal geld is aanzienlijk beperkt en door de wereldwijde lockdowns heeft de offline (internationale) handel stil gelegen. De coronacrisis heeft derhalve grote financiële gevolgen, ook voor criminelen. Waar menig individu zijn handen stuk wast, zijn criminelen druk bezig met het herorganiseren van handelsstructuren om geldbedragen wit te wassen. De verwachting is dat witwassen via bitcoins zal plaatsvinden. In deze bijdrage staat het witwassen van bitcoins centraal.
Coccomorpha: Coccidae), a potentially damaging scale insect in Poland
Authors: Bożena Łagowska
Published: November 2020

Abstract: A soft scale, Pulvinaria hydrangeae Steinweden, 1946 has been observed in large numbers on various host species in urban areas and natural habitats in Central Poland, and may be noteworthy as
a potential pest of commercial and forest plants. Basic diagnostic information on this scale, as well as information on its life cycle, host range and distribution are provided. Pulvinaria hydrangeae resembles the cosmopolitan P. floccifera (Westwood, 1870), and the main characteristics that distinguish these two species from each other are discussed. A key to adult females of the Pulvinaria species found outdoors in Poland is also included.
Indium Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Fabrication Strategies, Properties, Applications, Challenges and Future Prospect
Authors: Khan Hasmat , Sarkar Saswati , Pal Moumita , Bera Susanta , Jana Sunirmal
Published: November 2020

Nanostructured metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) in the form of thin film or bulk attract significant interest of materials researchers in both basic and applied sciences. Among these important MOSs, indium oxide (IO) is a valuable one due to its novel properties and wide range of applications in diversified fields. IO based nanostructured thin films possess excellent visible transparency, metal-like electrical conductivity and infrared reflectance properties. This chapter mainly highlights the synthesis strategies of IO based bulk nanomaterials with variable morphologies starting from spherical nanoparticles to nano-rods, nano-wires, nano-needles, nanopencils, nanopushpins etc. In addition, thin film deposition and periodic 1-dimensional (1D)/2-dimensional (2D) surface texturing techniques of IO based nanostructured thin films vis-à-vis their functional properties and applications have been discussed. The chapter covers a state-of-the-art survey on the fabrication strategies and recent advancement in the properties of IO based nanomaterials with their different areas of applications. Finally, the challenges and future prospect of IO based nanomaterials have been discussed briefly.
Association between Candidiasis and Early Childhood Caries : Analysis Using Healthcare Big Data
Authors: Kim Chorok , Song Jihyun
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the association between candidiasis and early childhood caries and to investigate whether the experience of candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 1 can be considered as a risk factor for early childhood caries.
The database used in this study was provided by Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Medical records of children born from January 2010 to December 2012 were obtained, and those without dental records were excluded. Subjects were divided into several groups based on the experience of candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 6: candidiasis group and non-candidiasis group; oral candidiasis group and non-oral candidiasis group. Another categorization was done according to the experience of candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 1. The incidence rate of early childhood caries in each group were compared.
The prevalence of dental caries in children who have been diagnosed with candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 6 was significantly different from those who have not experienced candidiasis. Similarly, children who have suffered from candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 1 had significantly different incidence of caries from the children without candidiasis experience.
Lateral Cephalometric Measurement of Skeletal Class III malocclusion Patients with Uncertainty
Authors: Sung Young Jae , Song Ji-Soo , Hyun Hong-Keun , Kim Young-Jae , Kim Jung-Wook , Jang Ki-Taeg , Lee Sang-Hoon , Shin Teo Jeon
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to calculate uncertainty of orthodontic measurement in skeletal class III malocclusion children using lateral cephalometry analysis software which obtained traceability in previous study. Using this data, standard reference of measurement value for skeletal class III malocclusion was obtained.
Lateral cephalometric data was collected from 144 children who visited Pediatric Dentistry from 2017 to 2020 for orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic measurement was analyzed with software which obtained traceability. Type A evaluation of uncertainty and type B evaluation of uncertainty was calculated to obtain combined standard uncertainty and expanded uncertainty. Standard reference of skeletal class III children was compared to standard reference of skeletal class I children.
Distribution range for skeletal class III malocclusion children aged 6 to 10 with 95% confidence interval was provided using calculated uncertainty of orthodontic measurement value.
An Unusual Occurrence of Epidermoid Cyst in the Inner Mucosa of the Upper Lip: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Jihye , Choi Namki , Kim Seonmi
Published: November 2020

Epidermoid cysts are rare benign lesions in the oral cavity that may be either congenital or acquired. The cysts are usually slow-growing and asymptomatic until becoming secondarily infected or large enough to interfere with mastication and speech. Consequently, diagnosis is often delayed. The condition is also uncommon in newborns and infants. Most of the lesions occur in the floor of the mouth and rarely in the upper lip. This report describes the case of a 29-month-old girl with a palpable mass in the inner mucosa of the upper lip. The lesion was surgically enucleated using an intraoral approach and histopathologically diagnosed as epidermoid cyst.