bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher odds of gestational diabetes among women with multiple pregnancies: a nationwide register-based cohort study in Finland
Authors: Vaajala Matias , Liukkonen Rasmus , Ponkilainen Ville , Kekki Maiju , Mattila Ville M. , Kuitunen Ilari
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The association between multiple pregnancies and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been moderately studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether women with multiple pregnancies are at a higher risk of developing GDM using nationwide high-quality registers.

Materials and methods

In this retrospective cohort study, data from the National Medical Birth Register (MBR) was used to evaluate the odds of GDM as a result of multiple pregnancies. We included all pregnancies with a tested GDM recorded in the MBR between 2004 and 2018. A total of 397,810 pregnancies were included in this study. Logistic regression model was used to assess the odds for GDM among multiple pregnancies, when compared to singleton pregnancies. Odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the groups were compared. The model was adjusted with maternal BMI and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatments.

Results

A total of 5825 multiple pregnancies and a tested GDM were observed. In the control group, there were 391,985 singleton pregnancies with a tested GDM. Of these, 1791 (30.7%) multiple pregnancies were associated with a diagnosis of GDM. GDM was more common among women with multiple pregnancies (30.7 vs. 25.9%, aOR 1.28; CI 1.21–1.36).

Conclusion

The results of this study show that women with multiple pregnancies have a higher odds of developing GDM and should be monitored to prevent the development of GDM.
Predictors of anxiety in Parkinson’s disease: results from a 3-year longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Gibson Jessie S. , Flanigan Joseph L. , Patrie James T. , Dalrymple W. Alex , Harrison Madaline B.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Anxiety symptoms are the most common neuropsychiatric manifestation of Parkinson’s disease (PD), contributing to decreased quality of life. Few longitudinal studies in PD samples have examined correlates of anxiety symptoms over time. Understanding predictor variables may help to identify novel targets for reducing anxiety in PD. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of anxiety symptoms over 3 years in a clinic-based PD cohort.

Methods

Our cohort included patients with PD at an academic medical center in the Southeastern United States (n = 105). Visits included assessment of motor, psychiatric, and cognitive features, including neuropsychological testing. For our multivariate model, we selected 11 predictor variables with the most existing evidence or theoretical support for an association with anxiety symptoms in PD. Multivariate linear mixed model regression was performed to determine which variables were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms over time.

Results

Over half of participants (57%) met the screening threshold for an anxiety disorder at some point during the study. Independent predictors of anxiety symptoms over time included symptoms of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and dysautonomia.

Discussion

In this PD sample, RBD and dysautonomia symptoms were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms over time. Each of these relationships has been reported in one of two prior longitudinal studies. Unlike prior studies, cognitive impairment was not a significant predictor of anxiety symptoms in our sample. Future research should confirm the direction and mechanisms underlying these relationships, including the potential for anxiety symptom reduction through treatment for RBD and dysautonomia.
Comparative analysis between a respeaking captioning system and a captioning system without human intervention
Authors: Ruiz-Arroyo Adrian , Garcia-Crespo Angel , Fuenmayor-Gonzalez Francisco , Rodriguez-Goncalves Roxana
Published: October 2022

People living with deafness or hearing impairment have limited access to information broadcast live on television. Live closed captioning is a currently active area of study; to our knowledge, there is no system developed thus far that produces high-quality captioning results without using scripts or human interaction. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the quality of captions generated for four Spanish news programs by two captioning systems: a semiautomatic system based on respeaking (system currently used by a Spanish TV station) and an automatic system without human interaction proposed and developed by the authors. The analysis is conducted by measuring and comparing the accuracy, latency and speed of the captions generated by both captioning systems. The captions generated by the system presented higher quality considering the accuracy in terms of Word Error Rate (WER between 3.76 and 7.29%) and latency of the captions (approximately 4 s) at an acceptable speed to access the information. We contribute a first study focused on the development and analysis of an automatic captioning system without human intervention with promising quality results. These results reinforce the importance of continuing to study these automatic systems.
Esophageal dysmotility in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis: pathogenesis, assessment tools, manometric characteristics, and clinical implications
Authors: Visaggi Pierfrancesco , Ghisa Matteo , Marabotto Elisa , Venturini Arianna , Stefani Donati Delio , Bellini Massimo , Savarino Vincenzo , de Bortoli Nicola , Savarino Edoardo
Published: October 2022

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) represents a growing cause of chronic esophageal morbidity whose incidence and prevalence are increasing rapidly. The disease is characterized by eosinophilic infiltrates of the esophagus and organ dysfunction. Typical symptoms include dysphagia, chest pain, and bolus impaction, which are associated to mechanical obstructions in most patients. However, up to one in three EoE patients has no visible obstruction, suggesting that a motor disorder of the esophagus may underlie symptoms. Although potentially relevant for treatment refractoriness and symptomatic burden, esophageal dysmotility is often neglected when assessing EoE patients. The first systematic review investigating esophageal motility patterns in patients with EoE was published only recently. Accordingly, we reviewed the pathogenesis, assessment tools, manometric characteristics, and clinical implications of dysmotility in patients with EoE to highlight its clinical relevance. In summary, eosinophils can influence the amplitude of esophageal contractions via different mechanisms. The prevalence of dysmotility may increase with disease duration, possibly representing a late feature of EoE. Patients with EoE may display a wide range of motility disorders and possible disease-specific manometric pressurization patterns may be useful for raising a clinical suspicion. Intermittent dysmotility events have been found to correlate with symptoms on prolonged esophageal manometry, although high-resolution manometry studies have reported inconsistent results, possibly due to the suboptimal sensitivity of current manometry protocols. Motor abnormalities may recover following EoE treatment in a subset of patients, but invasive management of the motor disorder is required in some instances. In conclusion, esophageal motor abnormalities may have a role in eliciting symptoms, raising clinical suspicion, and influencing treatment outcome in EoE. The assessment of esophageal motility appears valuable in the EoE setting.
Challenges with PrEP Uptake and Adherence Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Graham Susan M. , Okall Duncan O. , Mehta Supriya D. , Obondi Eve , Ng’ety George , Ochieng Elijah , Jadwin-Cakmak Laura , Amico K. Rivet , Harper Gary W. , Bailey Robert C. , Otieno Fredrick O.
Published: October 2022

Data on challenges with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and adherence among Kenyan gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are limited. In this mixed-methods sequential explanatory design study, our quantitative phase followed 157 at-risk, HIV-negative GBMSM who accepted PrEP and enrolled in a cohort with 12-month follow-up. Stored dried blood spots collected at two intervals were batch tested for tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations at study end. Despite high self-reported adherence, only 14.6% of individuals had protective TFV-DP levels at any visit. Protective TFV-DP levels were positively associated with injection drug use and a self-assessed moderate risk of acquiring HIV, and negatively associated with time since enrolment. In our subsequent qualitative phase, an intensive workshop was conducted with the GBMSM community to identify barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake and adherence. These data revealed numerous challenges with traditional PrEP programs that must be addressed through community collaborations.
The Role of Relevance in Stereotyping: a Schutzian Approach to Social Categorisation
Authors: Gyollai Daniel
Published: October 2022

This article demonstrates that Alfred Schutz’s theory of typification and relevance together have a great potential to conceptually clarify certain aspects of self-categorisation theory. More specifically, it focuses on the motivational bases of stereotyping, one of the core mechanisms underlying the categorisation of people into groups. Social psychologists have found that stereotyping of out-group members is motivated by factors, such as uncertainty reduction, or the enhancement of the self-esteem of in-group members. What categories and corresponding stereotypes are being activated and applied is ultimately a function of the goals and pragmatic interests of the perceiver in any given situation. The article argues that this phenomenon can be explained, and accounted for, by Schutz’s tripartite system of relevances. To illustrate the theoretical issues at hand, the last section draws on the case of migrants arriving in Hungary and provides a potential explanation for why the ideal type of the Gypsy was triggered and facilitated the way in which migrants have been attended and understood.
Van der Waals epitaxial growth and optoelectronics of a vertical MoS2/WSe2 p–n junction
Authors: Xiao Yu , Qu Junyu , Luo Ziyu , Chen Ying , Yang Xin , Zhang Danliang , Li Honglai , Zheng Biyuan , Yi Jiali , Wu Rong , You Wenxia , Liu Bo , Chen Shula , Pan Anlian
Published: October 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted extensive attention due to their unique electronic and optical properties. In particular, TMDs can be flexibly combined to form diverse vertical van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures without the limitation of lattice matching, which creates vast opportunities for fundamental investigation of novel optoelectronic applications. Here, we report an atomically thin vertical p–n junction WSe2/MoS2 produced by a chemical vapor deposition method. Transmission electron microscopy and steady-state photoluminescence experiments reveal its high quality and excellent optical properties. Back gate field effect transistor (FET) constructed using this p–n junction exhibits bipolar behaviors and a mobility of 9 cm2/(V·s). In addition, the photodetector based on MoS2/WSe2 heterostructures displays outstanding optoelectronic properties (R = 8 A/W, D* = 2.93 × 1011 Jones, on/off ratio of 104), which benefited from the built-in electric field across the interface. The direct growth of TMDs p–n vertical heterostructures may offer a novel platform for future optoelectronic applications.

Graphical Abstract
The Publicness of Pandemic Security and the Shortcomings of Governmentality
Authors: Langenohl Andreas
Published: October 2022

Employing the example of Germany within a European context, this paper argues that government responses to the pandemic relied too much on the biopolitical governance of populations, and too little on the symbolic governance of public spheres. Based on an analysis of policy documents and their medial representation, it is found that the politics of pandemic security is focused on the regulation of population aggregates and movements (social distancing, lockdowns, border closings, etc.), resembling a quasi-Foucaultian notion of biopolitical governmentality. Confident that the crisis can be handled through a classical apparatus of security through self-conduct within an imaginary of stochastic aggregation of the social, these modes of governance paid virtually no attention to non-stochastic social aggregates, such as those which can be observed in public spheres. Yet these aggregates produced massive mobilizations against the politics of pandemic governance in liberal democracies, in the streets and on the internet. In conceptual terms, these mobilizations can be understood as an insistence on sovereign power, in Foucault’s sense, yet ‘from below’: They reinvigorate the dramatic public, as opposed to the inconspicuous circulation, as the site for claiming attention, legitimacy, and potentially disruption—in other words, for claiming sovereign power. In the final analysis, a major security problematic can be seen in the failure of the politics of governmentality to be insensitive to the politics of sovereignty.
Double down on remote sensing for biodiversity estimation: a biological mindset
Authors: Rocchini Duccio , Torresani Michele , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Feoli Enrico , Foody Giles M. , Lenoir Jonathan , Malavasi Marco , Moudrý Vítězslav , Šímová Petra , Ricotta Carlo
Published: October 2022

In the light of unprecedented planetary changes in biodiversity, real-time and accurate ecosystem and biodiversity assessments are becoming increasingly essential for informing policy and sustainable development. Biodiversity monitoring is a challenge, especially for large areas such as entire continents. Nowadays, spaceborne and airborne sensors provide information that incorporate wavelengths that cannot be seen nor imagined with the human eye. This is also now accomplished at unprecedented spatial resolutions, defined by the pixel size of images, achieving less than a meter for some satellite images and just millimeters for airborne imagery. Thanks to different modeling techniques, it is now possible to study functional diversity changes over different spatial and temporal scales. At the heart of this unifying framework are the “spectral species”—sets of pixels with a similar spectral signal—and their variability over space. The aim of this paper is to summarize the power of remote sensing for directly estimating plant species diversity, particularly focusing on the spectral species concept.
MINIMAL (-)TILTING INFINITE ALGEBRAS
Authors: MOUSAVAND KAVEH , PAQUETTE CHARLES
Published: October 2022

Motivated by a new conjecture on the behavior of bricks, we start a systematic study of minimal
$\tau $
-tilting infinite (min-
$\tau $
-infinite, for short) algebras. In particular, we treat min-
$\tau $
-infinite algebras as a modern counterpart of minimal representation-infinite algebras and show some of the fundamental similarities and differences between these families. We then relate our studies to the classical tilting theory and observe that this modern approach can provide fresh impetus to the study of some old problems. We further show that in order to verify the conjecture, it is sufficient to treat those min-
$\tau $
-infinite algebras where almost all bricks are faithful. Finally, we also prove that minimal extending bricks have open orbits, and consequently obtain a simple proof of the brick analogue of the first Brauer–Thrall conjecture, recently shown by Schroll and Treffinger using some different techniques.
Socioeconomic factors and intergenerational differences in height of Portuguese adults born in 1990: results from the EPITeen cohort
Authors: Valente Berta , Ramos Elisabete , Araújo Joana
Published: October 2022

Average adult height is an indicator of population health and a marker of socioeconomic inequalities. This study aimed to assess how socioeconomic differences affect intergenerational height increase between adults born in 1990 and their parents. Data from a population-based cohort of subjects born in 1990 (EPITeen) were analysed. Participants’ adult height was objectively measured. Parental height, education, and occupation were reported by the parents. The height difference between daughters and their mothers (n=707), and sons and their fathers (n=647) was calculated. A generalised linear model was used to assess the association between parental education and occupation, separately, and the intergenerational height difference, adjusted for maternal age at birth, smoking during pregnancy, birthweight adjusted for gestational age, and birth order. Females were on average 1.46cm (SD=6.62) taller than their mothers, and males 3.00cm (SD=7.26) taller than their fathers. The highest height gain was shown in those with less advantaged socioeconomic background. In the adjusted model, sons whose mothers had 0-6 years of education grew 3.9cm taller (β=3.894; 95%CI:2.345;5.443) and daughters 1.5cm taller (β=1.529; 95%CI:0.180;2.878) (compared to >12y maternal education); for paternal education, sons and daughters grew 3.5cm (β=3.480; 95%CI:1.913;5.047) and 1.9cm taller (β=1.895; 95%CI:0.526;3.265), respectively. A higher height increase was found in participants with less advantaged maternal and paternal occupational level. Adults born in 1990 are taller than their parents, and height gain was higher in males than females. Adults from a lower socioeconomic status experienced the highest height gain, suggesting a reduction in height inequality.
Disposable versus reusable fibre-optic nasendoscopes: a national survey of UK ENT surgical trainees and a single-centre cost-analysis
Authors: Jegatheeswaran L , Oungpasuk K , Choi B , Nakhoul M , Gokani S , Espehana A , Naing T , Burgan O T
Published: October 2022

Background

This study primarily assessed ENT surgical trainees’ preferences for the qualities of disposable and reusable fibre-optic nasendoscopes. Secondary aims included eliciting trainees’ views on ENT surgery and climate change, and creating a single-centre per-use cost analysis for disposable and reusable fibre-optic nasendoscopes.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was formulated. An online survey consisting of multiple-choice and Likert-scale questions was distributed nationally. Cost analysis was performed using 2021–2022 data from the host institution.

Results

Twenty-four trainees responded. Data on disposable fibre-optic nasendoscopes showed no difference in overall satisfaction (p = 0.244). Reusable fibre-optic nasendoscopes had a lower cost per use compared with disposable nasendoscopes at 5 years (4.7 per cent reduction) and 10 years (7.1 per cent reduction). Of the trainees, 79.2 per cent were supportive of climate-friendly initiatives within ENT surgery, and 25 per cent felt supported by their departments.

Conclusion

Trainees’ satisfaction with disposable and reusable fibre-optic nasendoscopes is similar. Cost analysis favours reusable fibre-optic nasendoscopes in the long term at the host institution. Empowering departments and trainees to pursue climate-friendly initiatives should be encouraged.
Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy: restrictive subtype with MYH7 gene mutation
Authors: Oztarhan Kazim , Senturk Beyza , Ucar Ozlem
Published: October 2022

Left ventricular non-compaction is a very rare, still unclassified congenital cardiomyopathy. Nine distinct subtypes of functional and anatomical left ventricular non-compaction have been identified. Studies on the prognosis and mortality of subtypes are ongoing. Our study presented the first restrictive subtype left ventricular non-compaction case with family history and MYH7 gene mutation.
Has the COVID-19 pandemic influenced suicide rates differentially according to socioeconomic indices and ethnicity? More evidence is needed globally
Authors: Webb Roger T. , John Ann , Knipe Duleeka , Bojanić Lana , Dekel Dana , Eyles Emily , Marchant Amanda , Mughal Faraz , Pirkis Jane , Schmidt Lena , Gunnell David
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has harmed many people's mental health globally. Whilst the evidence generated thus far from high-income countries regarding the pandemic's impact on suicide rates is generally reassuring, we know little about its influence on this outcome in lower- and middle-income countries or among marginalised and disadvantaged people. There are some signals for concern regarding the pandemic's potentially unequal impact on suicide rates, with some of the affected demographic subgroups and regions being at elevated risk before the pandemic began. However, the evidence-base for this topic is currently sparse, and studies conducted to date have generally not taken account of pre-pandemic temporal trends. The collection of accurate, complete and comparable data on suicide rate trends in ethnic minority and low-income groups should be prioritised. The vulnerability of low-income groups will likely be exacerbated further by the current energy supply and cost-of-living crises in many countries. It is therefore crucial that reassuring messaging highlighting the stability of suicide rates during the pandemic does not lead to complacency among policymakers.
Sustained Water Storage in Horn of Africa Drylands Dominated by Seasonal Rainfall Extremes
Authors: Adloff Markus , Singer Michael Bliss , MacLeod David A. , Michaelides Katerina , Mehrnegar Nooshin , Hansford Eleanor , Funk Chris , Mitchell Daniel
Published: October 2022

Rural communities in the Horn of Africa Drylands (HADs) are increasingly vulnerable to multi‐season droughts due to the strong dependence of livelihoods on seasonal rainfall. We analyzed multiple observational rainfall data sets for recent decadal trends in mean and extreme seasonal rainfall, as well as satellite‐derived terrestrial water storage and soil moisture trends arising from two key rainfall seasons across various subregions of HAD. We show that, despite decreases in total March‐April‐May rainfall, total water storage in the HAD has increased. This trend correlates strongly with seasonal totals and especially with extreme rainfall in the two dominant HAD rainy seasons between 2003 and 2016. We further show that high‐intensity October‐November‐December rainfall associated with positive Indian Ocean Dipole events lead to the largest seasonal increases in water storage that persist over multiple years. These findings suggest that developing groundwater resources in HAD could offset or mitigate the impacts of increasingly common droughts.
A Frontal Dust Storm in the Northern Hemisphere at Solar Longitude 97—An Unusual Observation by the Emirates Mars Mission
Authors: Gebhardt C. , Guha B. K. , Young R. M. B. , Wolff M. J.
Published: October 2022

The Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) science phase began in Martian Year 36, solar longitude 49, which is outside of the classical Mars dust storm season. EMM observed a distinct dust cloud at northern mid‐to‐high latitudes on 10 September 2021 (Martian Year 36, solar longitude 97). The dust cloud is an arc‐shaped dust storm, typically observed at the northern polar cap edge. This type of non‐season dust storm is a well‐known phenomenon, but this particular case is interesting because the dust cloud has frontal structure. A large atmospheric front is unusual in this location and season. Moreover, EMM's unique observational coverage adds value to this observation. EMM provided a sequence of four camera images, which are separated by just 2–3 hr. The dust cloud showed very little motion over 7–8 hr, that is, it is quasi‐stationary. We discuss relevant dynamical processes, supported by a consistency check with the Mars Climate Database.
Meteorological Drivers of Atmospheric Mercury Seasonality in the Temperate Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Xu Zeng , Chen Long , Zhang Yanxu , Han Guoling , Chen Qing , Chu Zhaohan , Zhang Yanping , Li Chao , Yang Yi , Wang Xuejun
Published: October 2022

Mercury (Hg) is a neurotoxic pollutant that can be transported globally by atmospheric circulation and poses risks to wildlife and humans. Strong atmospheric Hg seasonality has been observed in the temperate Northern Hemisphere and explained by several hypothetical mechanisms. Here, we found that meteorological conditions were important drivers of the seasonality across diverse temperate regions particularly Asia through various indirect effects. Meteorological conditions can explain approximately 47%, 43%, and 67% of the seasonal amplitudes at the North American (NA) remote sites, European remote sites, and Asian monsoon sites, respectively. Surface air temperature, solar radiation, and surface wind collectively contributed significantly to the seasonality at the NA and European sites through vegetation resistance and oceanic evasion, while monsoon wind and precipitation promoted the summertime removal of Hg at the Asian sites through atmospheric transport and wet deposition, respectively. The findings predicted further changes in atmospheric Hg seasonality under future global warming.
Decadal Weakening of Abyssal South China Sea Circulation
Authors: Zhu Yaohua , Yao Jingxin , Li Shujiang , Xu Tengfei , Huang Rui Xin , Nie Xunwei , Pan Haidong , Wang Yonggang , Fang Yue , Wei Zexun
Published: October 2022

The global ocean mass has significantly changed during recent decades, which may induce changes in the abyssal ocean circulation. Due to the lack of in situ observations, the response of the abyssal South China Sea (SCS) circulation to ocean mass changes remains unclear. The ocean state estimate, Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO), provides the long‐term ocean mass changes in terms of ocean bottom pressure (OBP). Here we use the ECCO OBP data to quantify decadal changes in the abyssal SCS circulation and reveal a weakening trend. The OBP gradient trend manifests in forms of an anomalous anticyclonic circulation that is intensified by topographic effects along the continental slopes to reduce the existing abyssal circulation. The weakening abyssal circulation corresponds to the weakening Luzon Strait overflow that yields a decreasing vorticity budget in the abyssal SCS.
Distinct roles for CKM–Mediator in controlling Polycomb-dependent chromosomal interactions and priming genes for induction
Authors: Dimitrova Emilia , Feldmann Angelika , van der Weide Robin H. , Flach Koen D. , Lastuvkova Anna , de Wit Elzo , Klose Robert J.
Published: October 2022

Precise control of gene expression underpins normal development. This relies on mechanisms that enable communication between gene promoters and other regulatory elements. In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the cyclin-dependent kinase module Mediator complex (CKM–Mediator) has been reported to physically link gene regulatory elements to enable gene expression and also prime genes for induction during differentiation. Here, we show that CKM–Mediator contributes little to three-dimensional genome organization in ESCs, but it has a specific and essential role in controlling interactions between inactive gene regulatory elements bound by Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs). These interactions are established by the canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) complex but rely on CKM–Mediator, which facilitates binding of cPRC1 to its target sites. Importantly, through separation-of-function experiments, we reveal that this collaboration between CKM–Mediator and cPRC1 in creating long-range interactions does not function to prime genes for induction during differentiation. Instead, we discover that priming relies on an interaction-independent mechanism whereby the CKM supports core Mediator engagement with gene promoters during differentiation to enable gene activation.
Efficacy of three different budesonide treatments in Chinese preschool children with recurrent wheezing
Authors: Li Lu , Zhang Fan , Sun Ping , Zheng Jiangzhen , Chen Tingting , Huang Tao , Wang Fang , Li Ke
Published: October 2022

To explore and compare the clinical control of three atomized inhalation budesonide (BUD) regimens for Chinese preschool children with recurrent wheezing using Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control (TRACK) scores. A total of 474 preschool children with positive Modified Asthma Predictive Index (mAPI) were randomly assigned to a daily group (initially given inhaled BUD 1 mg once a day and assessed every 4 weeks; if symptom were well controlled for 12 weeks, the dose was reduced to 25–50% of the previous dose until afinal dose of 0.25 mg once a day, maintained until 52 weeks), an intermittent high-dose group (1 mg twice daily for 7 days starting early during a predefined respiratory tract illness) and an intermittent medium-dose group (0.5 mg twice daily as soon as they contacted allergens or experienced nasal congestion, a runny nose, cough or other suspicious respiratory symptoms and continuing until symptoms were reduced or risk factors were absent for 3 days) for 52 weeks of treatment. The TRACK questionnaire was administered every 4 weeks. When TRACK scores were ≥ 80, symptoms were considered to be controlled. The average TRACK scores of the three groups after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the average TRACK scores and control rate after treatment at every 4 weeks in the three groups (P > 0.05). Te number of systemic glucocorticoid courses, urgent care visits for wheezing, and wheezing episodes before and after treatment were significantly different within each of the three groups (P < 0.001), but not among the three groups (P > 0.05). In clinical treatment of children, one of the three treatment options can be selected according to the specific situation case of mAPI- positive recurrent wheezing children.
Improved photoredox activity of the 2D Bi4Ti3O12–BiVO4–Bi4V2O10 heterostructure via the piezoelectricity-enhanced charge transfer effect
Authors: Wang Wuyou , Zhu Kai , Zhang Beibei , Chen Xiaowei , Ma Dongqi , Wang Xuewen , Zhang Rongbin , Liu Yin , Shen Jinxin , Dong Pengyu , Xi Xinguo
Published: October 2022

The formation of the 2D Bi4Ti3O12–BiVO4–Bi4V2O10 heterostructure and the piezoelectric effect on photoredox activity improvements.
Crystal structure, assembly process, and single-molecule magnet behavior of a triangular prismatic {Co9} cluster
Authors: Tao Ye , Wang Lu-Na , Li Hai-Ye , Qin Xiao-Huan , Yao Di , Huang Fu-Ping
Published: October 2022

The crystal structure, assembly process and magnetic properties of a triangular prismatic [Co9(btdpa)3(CH2OCH2OH)6]·3.5H2O were reported: the cluster exhibits slow magnetization relaxation of single molecule magnets at zero field.
A gradient Sn4+@Sn2+core@shell structure induced by a strong metal oxide–support interaction for enhanced CO2electroreduction
Authors: Zhang Shun , Wang Juan , Wang Jie , Wang Kai-Yao , Zhao Meiting , Zhang Linlin , Wang Cheng
Published: October 2022

A gradient Sn4+@Sn2+core@shell structure induced by a strong tin oxide–g-C3N4support interaction enhanced the adsorption and stabilization of CO2˙−, and hence the CO2RR performances.
SO2 capture and detection using a Cu(ii)-metal–organic polyhedron
Authors: Martínez-Ahumada Eva , López-Olvera Alfredo , Carmona-Monroy Paulina , Díaz-Salazar Howard , Garduño-Castro Monserrat H. , Obeso Juan L. , Leyva Carolina , Martínez Ana , Hernández-Rodríguez Marcos , Solis-Ibarra Diego , Ibarra Ilich A.
Published: October 2022

For the first time, we have tested the reversible SO2 adsorption–desorption capacity of a metal–organic polyhedron based on Cu(ii) ions and carbazole motifs. Furthermore, its absorption–emission properties after SO2 emissions were investigated.
Rapid and efficient syntheses of tryptophans using a continuous-flow quaternization–substitution reaction of gramines with a chiral nucleophilic glycine equivalent
Authors: Koiwa Daichi , Ohira Masayuki , Hiramatsu Takahiro , Abe Hidenori , Kawamoto Tetsuji , Ishihara Yuji , Ignacio Bernardo , Mansour Noel , Romoff Todd
Published: October 2022

A continuous-flow quaternization–substitution reaction of gramines with a chiral nucleophilic glycine equivalent has successfully been developed to achieve rapid and efficient syntheses of tryptophan derivatives.
Controlling the two components modified on nanoparticles to construct nanomaterials
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Tang Hao , Wang Rong
Published: October 2022

Two-component modified nanoparticles have different tethered molecules or molecular chains, which can be multifunctional by regulating different modified components and types of nanoparticles and ultimately expand the scope of applications.
Degradation of hydrogel beads for the detection of serum bicarbonate levels for the diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis at the point of care
Authors: Pandolfi Paula , Zhang Hanxu , Nadalin Yui E. , Prasetyo Matthew E. , Toubian Adam A. , Wu Benjamin M. , Kamei Daniel T.
Published: October 2022

Hydrogel-based detection of elevated serum bicarbonate levels for the diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis at the point of care.
Phenol release from pNIPAM hydrogels: scaling molecular dynamics simulations with dynamical density functional theory
Authors: Pérez-Ramírez H. A. , Moncho-Jordá A. , Odriozola G.
Published: October 2022

We obtain the microgel extent of release by feeding free energies and diffusion coefficients from MD to DDFT. We found a good agreement with the available experimental data for pNIPAM particles loaded with phenol.
Customized metallodielectric colloids and their behavior in dielectrophoretic fields
Authors: Dong Fangyuan , Munkaila Samira , Grebe Veronica , Weck Marcus , Ward Michael D.
Published: October 2022

A synthetic strategy for fabricating colloidal particles with spatially segregated amine-functionalized lobes enables regioselective coating with gold to afford metallodielectric particles with a variety of shapes and lobe sizes.
Blinded windows and empty driver seats: The effects of automated vehicle characteristics on cyclists’ decision‐making
Authors: Bazilinskyy Pavlo , Dodou Dimitra , Eisma Yke Bauke , Vlakveld Willem , de Winter Joost
Published: October 2022

Automated vehicles (AVs) may feature blinded (i.e. blacked‐out) windows and external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs), and the driver may be inattentive or absent, but how these features affect cyclists is unknown. In a crowdsourcing study, participants viewed images of approaching vehicles from a cyclist's perspective and decided whether to brake. The images depicted different combinations of traditional vehicles versus AVs, eHMI presence, vehicle approach direction, driver visibility/window‐blinding, visual complexity of the surroundings, and distance to the cyclist (urgency). The results showed that the eHMI and urgency level had a strong impact on crossing decisions, whereas visual complexity had no significant influence. Blinded windows caused participants to brake for the traditional vehicle. A second crowdsourcing experiment aimed to clarify the findings of Experiment 1 by also requiring participants to detect the vehicle features. It was found that the eHMI ‘GO’ and blinded windows yielded high detection rates and that driver eye contact caused participants to continue pedalling. To conclude, blinded windows increase the probability that cyclists brake, and driver eye contact stimulates cyclists to continue cycling. Our findings, which were obtained with large international samples, may help elucidate how AVs (in which the driver may not be visible) affect cyclists’ behaviour.
A comparative study of driver torque demand prediction methods
Authors: Cavanini Luca , Ciabattoni Lucio , Ferracuti Francesco , Marchegiani Enrico , Monteriù Andrea
Published: October 2022

The performances of energy management systems or electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles are highly dependent on the forecast of future driver torque/power request sequence that affects vehicle efficiency and economy. Since the behaviour of the driver is challenging to model/predict by first‐principles models, modern artificial intelligence algorithms would represent feasible methods for approaching this problem in real‐world automotive systems. This work provides a comparative study and analysis of performances of different data‐driven torque prediction strategies. The studied and compared torque demand prediction techniques are exponentially varying model, linear regression, shallow and deep neural networks, and least square support vector machine‐based approaches. The prediction performance and computational cost of these techniques are evaluated and reported, and the possibility of exploiting these techniques in real‐world scenarios is also discussed.
Adaptive radial basis function sliding mode control for platoons under DoS attacks
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Du Haiping , Jia Zhijuan , Cui Chi , Yang Yanyan
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes an adaptive sliding mode control based on an auxiliary distance sensor for nonlinear platoons over vehicular ad‐hoc networks under Denial‐of‐Services (DoS) attacks and external disturbances. DoS attacks can cause packet dropping for the wireless network and will lead to the collision or degradation to adaptive cruise control of platoons. To solve this problem, an adaptive Radial Basis Function (RBF) sliding mode control method is proposed for the attacked platoons. RBF neural networks are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear part and external disturbances contained in the vehicle models. Then the adaptive sliding mode controllers are designed to achieve the control goals: the spacing error converges to zero, and the platoon maintains the string stability. The system's internal stability and string stability are proved. Numerical examples are applied to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the existing method, the spacing error is decreased from 5.0726, 6.4637 to 0.0264 for secure distributed adaptive platooning control in PF topology and LPF topology, and the average distance is increased from 7.0580 m, 5.7442 m to 11.8498 m for secure distributed adaptive platooning control in PF topology and LPF topology to maintain a safe distance under the situation of DoS attacks.
Investigating the hot molecular core, G10.47+0.03: A pit of nitrogen-bearing complex organic molecules
Authors: Mondal Suman Kumar , Iqbal Wasim , Gorai Prasanta , Bhat Bratati , Wakelam Valentine , Das Ankan
Published: October 2022

Context. Recent observations have shown that Nitrogen-bearing complex organic species are present in large quantities in star-forming regions. Thus, investigating the N-bearing species in a hot molecular core, such as G10.47+0.03, is crucial to understanding the molecular complexity in star-forming regions. They also allow us to investigate the chemical and physical processes that determine the many phases during the structural and chemical evolution of the source in star-forming regions.

Aims. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution and the chemical evolution states of N-bearing complex organic molecules in the hot core G10.47+0.03.

Methods. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) archival data of the hot molecular core G10.47+0.03. The extracted spectra were analyzed assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). LTE methods are used to estimate the column density of observed species. Furthermore, robust methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and rotational diagram methods are implemented for molecules for which multiple transitions were identified to constrain the temperature and column density. Finally, we used the Nautilus gas-grain code to simulate the nitrogen chemistry in the hot molecular core. We carried out both 0D and 1D simulations of the source. We compared the simulated abundances with observational results.

Results. We report various transitions of nitrogen-bearing species (NH2CN, HC3N, HC5N, C2H3CN, C2H5CN, and H2NCH2CN) together with some of their isotopologues and isomers. Besides this, we also report the identification of CH3CCH and one of its isotopologues. We present detailed chemical simulation results to investigate the possible N-bearing chemistry in the source.

Conclusions. In this study, various transitions of nitrogen-bearing molecules are identified and discussed. The emissions originating from vinyl cyanide, ethyl cyanide, cyanoacetylene, and cyanamide are compact, which could be explained by our astrochemical modeling. Our 0D model shows that the chemistry of certain N-bearing molecules can be very sensitive to initial local conditions such as density or dust temperature. In our 1D model, simulated higher abundances of species such as HCN, HC3N, and HC5N toward the inner shells of the source confirm the observational findings.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Lithium measurements and new curves of growth
Authors: Franciosini E. , Randich S. , de Laverny P. , Biazzo K. , Feuillet D. K. , Frasca A. , Lind K. , Prisinzano L. , Tautvaišiene G. , Lanzafame A. C. , Smiljanic R. , Gonneau A. , Magrini L. , Pancino E. , Guiglion G. , Sacco G. G. , Sanna N. , Gilmore G. , Bonifacio P. , Jeffries R. D. , Micela G. , Prusti T. , Alfaro E. J. , Bensby T. , Bragaglia A. , François P. , Korn A. J. , Van Eck S. , Bayo A. , Bergemann M. , Carraro G. , Heiter U. , Hourihane A. , Jofré P. , Lewis J. , Martayan C. , Monaco L. , Morbidelli L. , Worley C. C. , Zaggia S.
Published: October 2022

Context. The Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) is a large public spectroscopic survey that was carried out using the multi-object FLAMES spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope. The survey provides accurate radial velocities, stellar parameters, and elemental abundances for ~115 000 stars in all Milky Way components.

Aims. In this paper, we describe the method adopted in the final data release to derive lithium equivalent widths (EWs) and abundances.

Methods. Lithium EWs were measured using two different approaches for FGK and M-type stars, to account for the intrinsic differences in the spectra. For FGK stars, we fitted the lithium line using Gaussian components, while direct integration over a predefined interval was adopted for M-type stars. Care was taken to ensure continuity between the two regimes. Abundances were derived using a new set of homogeneous curves of growth that were derived specifically for GES, and which were measured on a synthetic spectral grid consistently with the way the EWs were measured. The derived abundances were validated by comparison with those measured by other analysis groups using different methods.

Results. Lithium EWs were measured for ~40 000 stars, and abundances could be derived for ~38 000 of them. The vast majority of the measures (80%) have been obtained for stars in open cluster fields. The remaining objects are stars in globular clusters, or field stars in the Milky Way disc, bulge, and halo.

Conclusions. The GES dataset of homogeneous lithium abundances described here will be valuable for our understanding of several processes, from stellar evolution and internal mixing in stars at different evolutionary stages to Galactic evolution.
DNVF-Memorandum Versorgungsforschung im letzten
Lebensjahr
Authors: Kremeike Kerstin , Bausewein Claudia , Freytag Antje , Junghanss Christian , Marx Gabriella , Schnakenberg Rieke , Schneider Nils , Schulz Holger , Wedding Ulrich , Voltz Raymond
Published: October 2022

Versorgungsforschung im letzten Lebensjahr beschäftigt sich mit der
wissenschaftlichen Erfassung der Begleitung und Betreuung von schwerstkranken
und sterbenden Menschen sowie ihrer An- und Zugehörigen. Patientinnen
und Patienten in der letzten Lebensphase können unterschiedlichen
Erkrankungsgruppen angehören, besondere Charakteristika aufweisen
(z. B. Menschen mit kognitiver und komplexer Beeinträchtigung,
ökonomischer Benachteiligung oder Migrationshintergrund) sowie in
bestimmten Lebensphasen sein (z. B. Eltern minderjähriger
Kinder, (hohes) Alter). Aus der besonderen Situation der Betroffenen sowie aus
den Besonderheiten der Versorgung im letzten Lebensjahr ergibt sich das
Erfordernis für ein eigenes Memorandum zur Versorgungsforschung in
dieser Lebensphase. Dieses Memorandum beschreibt diesbezüglich ethische
und methodische Spezifika sowie aktuelle Fragestellungen der
Versorgungsforschung und wie diese angemessen mittels quantitativer,
qualitativer und gemischter Methoden bearbeitet werden können. Es wurde
von der Fachgruppe Palliativmedizin des Deutschen Netzwerk für
Versorgungsforschung e.V. (DNVF) entsprechend der Vorgaben für
DNVF-Memoranden erarbeitet.
Energiedichte von Lebensmitteln als Ernährungsstrategie bei
der Gewichtsregulation
Authors: Mack Isabelle
Published: October 2022

Für die Energieaufnahme sind die Portionsgrößen und die
Energiedichte der Nahrung (kcal/g Lebensmittel) entscheidende Faktoren.
Die Reduktion der Energiedichte von Nahrung erlaubt dem Individuum in
ausreichend sättigender Menge zu essen, während gleichzeitig
weniger Energie zugeführt wird. Dies zeigen eine Vielzahl an
randomisierten kontrollierten Studien sowohl im Kindes- und Jugendbereich als
auch im Erwachsenenbereich und unter Einsatz unterschiedlicher Studiendesigns.
Gleichzeitig sind die Strategien zur Reduktion der Energiedichte
vielfältig und können auf verschiedene Ernährungsmuster,
Nahrungsmittelvorlieben und kulturelle Besonderheiten angepasst werden. Der
Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Effekte des
Energiedichteprinzips auf i) die Energie- und Nahrungsaufnahme unter
Berücksichtigung des Gewichtsstatus, ii) Sättigung und
zugrundeliegende Mechanismen, bevor dann auf die Praxis näher
eingegangen wird. Dazu gehören die Einteilung der Lebensmittel nach den
Ampelfarben entsprechend ihrem Energiedichtegehalt, die Erläuterung des
wissenschaftlichen Hintergrundes zur Modulierung der Energiedichte sowie
Anwendungsbeispiele des Energiedichte-Prinzips. Insgesamt betrachtet handelt es
sich bei dem Energiedichteprinzip um ein sehr flexibles und unkompliziert
einsetzbares Instrument für die Ernährungsberatung und
-therapie, das von Patient*innen einfach zu verstehen ist.
Congenital anomalies and spontaneous abortion in mice resulting from the use of escitalopram
Authors: Sestario Camila Salvador , de Fátima Mestre Viviane , Nantes Martins Caio Cezar , Campos Zeffa Aline , Frítola Márjori , Sparça Salles Maria José
Published: October 2022

Context Escitalopram (ESC) use during pregnancy has not been associated with teratogenic effects in fetuses. Aims To investigate whether ESC administered during pregnancy in mice induces maternal toxicity and teratogenicity in offspring. Methods Treated mice groups G1 and control G0 (n = 15 per group). Administration of ESC (G1) and saline solution (G0) during pregnancy and euthanasia on the 18th day. Pregnant female mice were treated with ESC (20 mg/kg, via gavage) or saline solution (control group) from the 5th to the 17th day of gestation, when implantation was consolidated. During intraembryonic development until the day before delivery, the drug had an influence on the development of alterations from its maintenance in the uterine environment and its development to the disturbance causing skeletal or visceral malformations. Key results The intrauterine development parameters that were altered by ESC treatment were: number of resorptions (G0: [0.93 ± 0.24]); G1: [3.33 ± 0.51]), post-implantation loss (G0: [3.95 ± 1.34], G1: [13.75 ± 3.62]) and reduced fetal viability: [97.30 ± 1.00]; G1: [81.09 ± 6.22]). Regarding fetal formation, the treated group had visceral malformations with a significant frequency: cleft palate (G0: [1.0%], G1: [11.86%]) and reduced kidneys (G0: [0%]; G1: [10.17%]). Regarding skeletal malformations, a higher frequency was observed in the following parameters: incomplete supraoccipital ossification (G0: [0%], G1: [15.25]), absence of ribs (G0: [0%], G1 (G0: [0%], G1 [15.25%]) and absence of one or more of the foot phalanges (G0: [1.0%]; 64%]). Conclusion Results indicate that ESC is an embryotoxic and teratogenic drug. Implications Until further studies are performed, greater caution is necessary in prescribing the drug to pregnant women.