bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of caries diagnostic thresholds of DMFT, ICDAS II and CAST in the estimation of caries prevalence rate in first permanent molars in early permanent dentition—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gudipaneni Ravi Kumar , Alkuwaykibi Ahmed Saud , Ganji Kiran Kumar , Bandela Vinod , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Hsiao Chih-Yi , Kulkarni Sachin , Thambar Samuel
Published: April 2022

Background

The actual burden of dental caries prevalence varies with the caries assessment tool used. Therefore, the present study evaluated the caries diagnostic potentials of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT); International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II and Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) indices in estimating the caries prevalence rate of first permanent molar (FPM) in Saudi male children aged 7–9 years.

Methods

This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 390 children by multistage stratified cluster sampling method in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia. The prevalence rates of FPM caries were determined by DMFT, ICDAS II and CAST indices at various diagnostic cut-off points. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was determined.

Results

The prevalence rates of FPM caries determined by DMFT (decayed), ICDAS II (codes 1–6) and CAST (codes 3–7) were 64.4% (61.6–67.2), 71.5% (69.2–73.2) and 71.0% (68.7–73.3), respectively. The prevalence rates of FPM caries determined by ICDAS II at various diagnostic cut-offs were as follows: ‘sound’ (code ‘0’), 28.5% (26.3–30.8); ‘enamel caries’ (codes 1–3), 57.2% (54.7–59.7) and ‘dentinal caries’ (codes 4–6), 14.3% (12.6–16.1). Similarly, the prevalence rates estimated by CAST at different diagnostic cut-off points were: ‘healthy’ (scores 0–2), 28.1% (25.9–30.4); ‘premorbid’ (score 3, enamel carious), 56.5% (54.0–59.0); ‘morbid’ (scores 4–5, cavitated carious dentin), 7.9% (6.6–9.3); ‘severe morbidity’ (scores 6–7, pulp exposure/fistula/abscess), 6.6% (5.4–8.1) and ‘mortality’ (score 8, lost), 0.8% (0.4–1.4).

Conclusion

Enamel caries lesions were found in more than half of the FPMs investigated in the current study. CAST index is preferable because it detects the complete spectrum of caries. ICDAS II at codes 1–6 and CAST at codes 3–7 projected similar caries prevalence rates in FPMs.
Ethical considerations around volunteer payments in a malaria human infection study in Kenya: an embedded empirical ethics study
Authors: Chi Primus Che , Owino Esther Awuor , Jao Irene , Bejon Philip , Kapulu Melissa , Marsh Vicki , Kamuya Dorcas
Published: April 2022

Human Infection Studies (HIS) have emerged as an important research approach with the potential to fast track the global development of vaccines and treatments for infectious diseases, including in low resource settings. Given the high level of burdens involved in many HIS, particularly prolonged residency and biological sampling requirements, it can be challenging to identify levels of study payments that provide adequate compensation but avoid ‘undue’ levels of inducement to participate. Through this embedded ethics study, involving 97 healthy volunteers and other research stakeholders in a malaria HIS programme in Kenya, and using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations during and after a malaria HIS, we give a grounded account of ethical issues emerging in relation to study payments in this setting. While careful community, national, international scientific and ethics review processes meant that risks of serious harm were highly unlikely, the levels of motivation to join HIS seen could raise concerns about study payments being too high. Particular value was placed on the reliability, rather than level, of study payment in this setting, where subsistence livelihoods are common. Study volunteers were generally clear about the study aims at the point of recruitment, and this knowledge was retained over a year later, although most reported experiencing more burdens than anticipated at enrolment. Strict study screening procedures, regular clinical and laboratory monitoring of volunteers, with prompt treatment with antimalarial at predetermined endpoints suggested that the risks of serious harm were highly unlikely. Ethical concerns emerged in relation to volunteers’ attempts to conceal symptoms, hoping to prolong residency periods and increase study payments; and volunteers making decisions that compromised important family relationships and personal values. Our findings support an interpretation that, although study volunteers were keen to join the study to access cash payments, they also paid attention to other features of the study and the general clinical research landscape, including levels of risk associated with study participation. Overall, our analysis shows that the ethical concerns emerging from the study payments can be addressed through practical measures, hinged on reducing burdens and strengthening communication, raising important issues for research policy and planning.
Favorable safety profile of moderate hypofractionated over normofractionated radiotherapy in breast cancer patients: a multicentric prospective real-life data farming analysis
Authors: Issoufaly Irfane , Petit Claire , Guihard Sébastien , Eugène Rémi , Jung Loic , Clavier Jean Baptiste , Servagi Vernat Stéphanie , Bellefqih Sara , Verret Benjamin , Bonnet Naïma , Deutsch Éric , Rivera Sofia
Published: April 2022

Background

Moderately hypofractionated whole-breast radiotherapy (HFRT) has proven to be as safe and efficient as normofractionated radiotherapy (NFRT) in randomized trials resulting in major changes in clinical practice. Toxicity rates observed in selected clinical trial patients may differ from those observed in unselected patients with possible comorbidities and frailty in real-life. This study aimed to examine the influence of HFRT versus NFRT on acute toxicity and identify risks factors of dermatitis in real-life patients.

Materials and methods

Prospective data from breast cancer patients, treated with locoregional radiotherapy were collected between November 2015 and February 2020 in 3 comprehensive cancer centers. Through a systematic data-farming strategy, acute toxicity evaluation forms (CTCAEv4.0) were prospectively completed and extracted electronically. The results from each center were then anonymously merged into a single database for analysis. A Chi-2 test was used to compare HFRT and NFRT. Furthermore, risk factors of dermatitis were identified in a sub-study (622 patients) by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

In total, 3518 T0-4 N0-3 mostly M0 (85.8%) breast cancer patients with a median age of 60.7 (24–96 years old) were analyzed. Acute grade 2–3 dermatitis, grade 1–3 breast oedema, and grade 1–2 hyperpigmentation were less frequent with HFRT versus NFRT: respectively 8.9% versus 35.1% (Chi-2 = 373.7; p < 0.001), 29.0% versus 37.0% (Chi-2 = 23.1; p < 0.001) and 27.0% versus 55.8% (Chi-2 = 279.2; p < 0.001). Fewer patients experienced pain with HFRT versus NFRT: 33.4% versus 53.7% respectively (Chi-2 = 137.1; p < 0.001). Factors such as high BMI (OR = 2.30 [95% CI, 1.28–4.26], p < 0.01), large breast size (OR = 1.88 [95% CI, 1.07–3.28], p < 0.01) and lumpectomy over mastectomy (OR = 0.52 [95% CI, 0.27–0.97], p < 0.05) were associated with greater risk factors of grade 2–3 dermatitis in multivariate analysis regardless of NFRT or HFRT.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggests that breast HFRT may be a better option even for patients with a high BMI or large breast size. Acute toxicity was low to mild, and lower with HFRT compared to NFRT. Results from real-life data were robust, and support the use of HFRT beyond randomized study populations. Long-term real-life data awaits further investigation.
A resource-oriented intervention addressing balance in everyday activities and quality of life in people with advanced cancer: protocol for a feasibility study
Authors: Pilegaard Marc Sampedro , Timm Helle , Birkemose Heidi Klit , Dupont Sandra Bakkegaard , Joergensen Dorthe Soested , la Cour Karen
Published: April 2022

Background

People with advanced cancer need to balance their resources and energy in order to experience enjoyment and quality of life in the time they have left. A resource-oriented intervention is developed targeting these aspects. The present protocol presents a feasibility study of this resource-oriented intervention in people with advanced cancer.

Methods

A feasibility study with a repeated-measurement design without a control group will be conducted at the research clinic of REHPA, the Danish Knowledge Center for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care. Data will be gathered at baseline, during and after a 5-day residential stay, after 6 weeks, during a 2-day follow-up stay and after 12 weeks. In total, 20–25 home-living adults (≥ 18 years) with advanced cancer reporting needs in everyday life will be recruited. The intervention consists of workshops and engagement in physical and creative everyday activities provided by a multidisciplinary team.

Outcome measures are quality of life, physical function and fatigue, which will be assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Core-30. Balance in everyday activities will be assessed using the Occupational Balance Questionnaire.

Feasibility data will also be collected regarding (1) fidelity, (2) adherence, (3) dose and (4) reach and mechanisms of impact. For exploration of mechanism of impact, participant observations and focus group interviews will be used.

Discussion

This study presents a new approach in rehabilitation and palliative care aimed at supporting people with advanced cancer; instead of identification of problems, the present resource-oriented palliative rehabilitation intervention will target people’s resources, enhancing balance in everyday activities and underpinning enjoyment and quality of life. The results from the feasibility study can inform ways in which to support the everyday life of people with advanced cancer and thus have potential to improve their quality of life. The long-term perspectives are to evaluate the intervention in terms of effect, process and cost-effectiveness. This will provide evidence to adjust the content of rehabilitation and palliative care for this group of people.

Trial registration

NCT04772690

Name of the registry: Balance, Activity and Quality of Life (BAL)

Date of registry: February 26, 2021
Factors influencing utilization of physiotherapy services by patients and people living with disability at Busia County Referral Hospital in Kenya
Authors: Eyinda Johnstone Milimo , Myezwa Hellen , Sekome Kganetso
Published: April 2022

Background

Physiotherapy, a component of primary health care, could be a remedy for physical challenges permeating widely in the world community due to non-communicable diseases trauma and infections.

Objectives

To establish the level of knowledge about physiotherapy and the association between level of knowledge and demographic profile among people living with disabilities and physiotherapy patients and how it influences utilization of physiotherapy services in Busia, Kenya.

Method

This was a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study. One hundred fifty-eight participants were involved. Physiotherapy patients and people living with disabilities male and female above 18 years were purposively selected, and they completed self-administered questionnaires between August and November 2019. Data was cleaned, organized, and scientifically analyzed.

Results

Most of patients and PWD (67%) attended treatment sessions once a week only as there is inadequacy to meet their needs of treatment and it is difficult for them (87.42%) to recommend physiotherapy to others for they had lower level of knowledge of the importance of physiotherapy. The main challenge for patients and PWD to attend physiotherapy was lack of money (55.71%) and distance to hospital (63.3%).

Conclusion

Lower utilization of physiotherapy services in Busia County could be due to inadequate knowledge about physiotherapy, lack of finances to pay for physiotherapy, attitude of the health care providers towards physiotherapy, and inadequate infrastructure. There is a need to create awareness about physiotherapy and integrate physiotherapy service at all levels of practice of the components of primary health care in order for Busia community to benefit.
Implementation of Electronic Psychosocial Screening Among Caregivers in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Manikowski Alison , Williamson Lewis Rebecca , Bennett Tonya , Miller Heather , Mertens Ann , Wasilewski-Masker Karen , Escoffery Cam , Gilleland Marchak Jordan
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE:

This study aimed to evaluate the reach and implementation of an electronic psychosocial screening program among caregivers of pediatric oncology patients, as well as characterize caregiver distress.

METHODS:

Participants (N = 2,013) included caregivers of patients age 0-17.99 years presenting across 9,280 outpatient oncology visits (median = 2; range = 1-52) from September 2018 to June 2019. At check-ins, caregivers electronically completed the pediatric distress thermometer via a patient-facing electronic health record (EHR) application. Caregiver distress ratings ≥ 8 triggered electronic alerts to medical teams to refer for social work support at point of care. Patient clinical and demographic differences in reach and fidelity were evaluated using univariate chi-square and t-tests. Caregivers reporting high distress were compared with caregivers without reports of high distress using univariate and multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS:

The e-screening program was able to reach a caregiver for nearly all children seen during the study period, with 95.5% (1,923/2,013) of patients having a caregiver-completed pediatric distress thermometer. On screeners where caregivers reported high distress, medical teams made appropriate referrals to social work 95.5% (471/493) of the time. Overall, 16.9% (325/1,923) of caregivers ever indicated high distress (score ≥ 8), with caregivers of newly diagnosed (odds ratio = 3.16; 95% CI, 2.12 to 4.71) and on-therapy (odds ratio = 2.81; 95% CI, 2.11 to 3.76) patients being more likely to report high distress, compared with those who were off-treatment for the entire study.

CONCLUSION:

Leveraging EHR technology to provide evidence-based psychosocial screening can aid in successfully reaching a significant proportion of caregivers of pediatric oncology patients to identify and respond to ongoing psychosocial distress.
Common Variant in ALDH2 Modifies the Risk of Breast Cancer Among Carriers of the p.K3326* Variant in BRCA2
Authors: Kluźniak Wojciech , Szymiczek Agata , Rodrigue Amelie , Wokołorczyk Dominika , Rusak Bogna , Stempa Klaudia , Huzarski Tomasz , Gronwald Jacek , Lubiński Jan , Zamani Neda , Zhang Shiyu , Masson Jean-Yves , Narod Steven A. ,   Polish Hereditary Breast Cancer Consortium, Cybulski Cezary , Akbari Mohammad R.
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE

The BRCA2 p.K3326* variant is considered a low-penetrance variant for breast cancer. Aldehydes that accumulate in cells under insufficient aldehyde oxidation were most recently shown to trigger carcinogenesis by promoting depletion of BRCA2 protein. Allele T of the common variant rs10744777 in the ALDH2 gene was associated with reduced expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase, the main enzyme in aldehyde oxidation. We hypothesized that this allele could modify breast cancer risk in women with the BRCA2 p.K3326* low-penetrance variant through reduced function of ALDH2, increased accumulation of cellular aldehydes, and depletion of BRCA2 protein.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We genotyped 11,873 Polish women diagnosed with breast cancer and 7,615 ethnically matched controls for these two variants. Next, we extended our analysis of rs10744777 to 231 carriers of pathogenic BRCA2 mutations.

RESULTS

BRCA2 p.K3326* variant was associated with significant increase in breast cancer risk only in those who were homozygous for the T allele of the ALDH2 rs10744777 variant (odds ratio = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.48; P = .003). The BRCA2 p.K3326* variant did not increase the risk of breast cancer among those who were heterozygous or homozygous for the C allele of the ALDH2 rs10744777 variant (odds ratio = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.51; P = .81). In the carriers of high-risk BRCA2 mutations, the TT genotype of rs10744777 conferred a modest (18%) and not significant increase in breast cancer risk.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that BRCA2 p.K3326* variant, which is low-penetrance by itself, confers increased breast cancer risk on the background of the TT genotype of the ALDH2 rs10744777 variant in the Polish population.
Anesthetic Practice Trends and Perceptions Toward Postoperative Delirium: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
Authors: Ragheb Jacqueline , Norcott Alexandra E. , Iskander Mina , Brooks Joseph , McKinney Amy , Mentz Graciela , Vlisides Phillip E.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:

Delirium is the most common postoperative complication in older adults, though anesthesiologist awareness of delirium prevention guidelines—and associated practice trends—remains unknown.

METHODS:

This was a convergent mixed-methods study, which simultaneously analyzed quantitative and qualitative data to determine delirium guideline awareness among anesthesiologists and practice patterns based on guideline recommendations. Quantitative data were abstracted from the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group database for noncardiac surgery patients (2009–2020) aged 65 years and older. Linear trends were reported for select guideline-based delirium prevention recommendations via regression modeling. Anesthesiologists (n = 40) from a major academic center without a structured delirium reduction program on hospital wards were then surveyed regarding knowledge and practices with respect to postoperative delirium. For qualitative data, 3 focus groups were held to further discuss guideline awareness and identify challenges with delirium prevention.

RESULTS:

Quantitative results demonstrated a significant decline in the proportion of cases with midazolam between 2009 and 2020, with the largest decrease observed with urologic surgeries (−3.9%/y; 95% confidence interval [CI], −4.2 to −3.6; P < .001). Use of regional anesthesia increased over this period, particularly with gynecologic surgeries (+2.3%/y; 95% CI, 1.2–3.4; P = .001). Anesthesiologist survey results revealed variable guideline awareness, as 21 of 39 (54%) respondents reported being aware of guidelines for anesthetic management of older adults. Importantly, unawareness of delirium management guidelines was the most frequently cited challenge (17 of 37, 46%) when caring for older adults. Finally, focus group participants were largely unaware of postoperative delirium guidelines. However, participants conveyed key barriers to delirium identification and prevention, including the unclear pathophysiology, nonmodifiable risk factors, and system-based hospital challenges. Participants also expressed a desire for decision-support systems, integrated within the perioperative workflow, that provide evidence-based recommendations for reducing delirium risk.

CONCLUSIONS:

Perioperative practice trends are indicative of an improving environment for postoperative delirium. However, delirium guideline awareness remains variable among anesthesiologists, and key barriers continue to exist for identifying and preventing postoperative delirium.
Όψεις τις δεοντικής τροπικότητας στη νομική γλώσσα και μετάφραση του Δικαίου του Ανταγωνισμού της ΕΕ
Authors: Κοζομπόλης Σταύρος
Published: April 2022

Η Νομική Γλώσσα (ΝΓ) αποτελεί ένα πολύ ενδιαφέρον πεδίο μελέτης εξαιτίας των ιδιαίτερων χαρακτηριστικών της γνωρισμάτων, ενώ μεγάλο ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζουν τα νομικά κείμενα που σχεδιάζονται, συντάσσονται και μεταφράζονται μέσα στο πολύγλωσσο και πολυπολιτισμικό περιβάλλον της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (ΕΕ). Η παρούσα εργασία στοχεύει στη μελέτη μιας πτυχής της ΝΓ της ΕΕ, της δεοντικής τροπικότητας, η οποία συνδέεται με την αναγκαιότητα δράσης ή μη δράσης με έναν συγκεκριμένο τρόπο (Kreidler, 1998, σ. 241). Με άλλα λόγια, η δεοντική τροπικότητα αφορά τι είναι πιθανό, αναγκαίο, επιτρεπτό ή υποχρεωτικό δεδομένου ενός σώματος οδηγιών (νόμων) ή ενός συνόλου ηθικών αξιών (Von Fintel, 2006, σ. 2). Εξαιτίας της φύσης της, η γραμματική (ή σημασιολογική) αυτή κατηγορία σχετίζεται άμεσα με την έκφραση νοημάτων όπως η επιβολή υποχρεώσεων και καθηκόντων και η απονομή εξουσιών, βασικών λειτουργιών του Δικαίου (Hart, 1961, σ. 27; βλ. και Biel, 2014a, σ. 158; Sosoni, Kermanidis, & Livas, 2018, σ. 22 μεταξύ άλλων). Πιο συγκεκριμένα, στην παρούσα εργασία η δεοντική τροπικότητα μελετάται μέσα στο πολύγλωσσο και πολυπολιτισμικό περιβάλλον της ΕΕ, ενώ η έρευνα επικεντρώνεται στη ΝΓ του Δικαίου του Ανταγωνισμού (ΔΑ) της ΕΕ. Το ενωσιακό ΔΑ επιλέχθηκε ως πεδίο έρευνας, καθώς η πολιτική ανταγωνισμού περιλαμβάνει εξέχουσα θέση στο έργο της ΕΕ ήδη από τις απαρχές της. Η έρευνα εστιάζει στη νομοθεσία και τη νομολογία που αφορούν το ΔΑ, καθώς οι νομικές πράξεις αυτού του είδους έχουν δεσμευτικό χαρακτήρα. Στόχος της είναι η απάντηση τριών βασικών ερωτημάτων:-Πώς εκφράζεται η δεοντική τροπικότητα στη νομοθεσία και στη νομολογία του ευρωπαϊκού ΔΑ στα αγγλικά και στα ελληνικά;-Ποιες ομοιότητες και ποιες διαφορές προκύπτουν από τη σύγκριση της δεοντικής τροπικότητας ανάμεσα στη νομοθεσία και τη νομολογία που αφορούν το ΔΑ στα αγγλικά και τα ελληνικά;-Εφαρμόζονται (και αν ναι, σε ποιον βαθμό;) οι κανόνες που έχουν θεσπιστεί από τα αρμόδια ευρωπαϊκά θεσμικά όργανα σχετικά με τη σύνταξη και τη μετάφραση νομοθετικών πράξεων στο πλαίσιο της ΕΕ (βλ. κεφ. 3.4.);Για τις ανάγκες της έρευνας, σχεδιάστηκε και συγκροτήθηκε ένα δίγλωσσο Σώμα Κειμένων (ΣΚ), το οποίο περιλαμβάνει αυθεντικές νομοθετικές πράξεις δεσμευτικού χαρακτήρα (κανονισμούς και οδηγίες) του παράγωγου ενωσιακού δικαίου (ΥΣΚ νομοθεσίας) και αποφάσεις του Δικαστηρίου της ΕΕ (ΔΕΕ) σχετικά με υποθέσεις που αφορούν το ΔΑ (ΥΣΚ νομολογίας). Το ΣΚ αναλύθηκε τόσο ποσοτικά όσο και ποιοτικά με τη χρήση μεθοδολογικών εργαλείων ανάλυσης ΣΚ. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, για την ποσοτική ανάλυση έγινε χρήση των προγραμμάτων AntConc (Anthony, 2019) και Sketch Engine (Kilgarriff, Rychlý, Smrž, & Tugwell, 2004), ενώ για την ποιοτική χρησιμοποιήθηκε το πρόγραμμα QDA Miner Lite (χ.χ.). Ο συνδυασμός μεθοδολογικών εργαλείων ποσοτικής και ποιοτικής ανάλυσης των δεδομένων οδήγησε στην τριγωνοποίηση των αποτελεσμάτων προκειμένου να απαντηθούν τα προς εξέταση ερευνητικά ερωτήματα.
Μελέτη των υπεύθυνων γονιδίων για την αποτοξικοποίηση του L-(-) azetidine-2-carboxylic acid και του καταβολισμού του στον Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Μπιράτση Άλντα
Published: April 2022

Τα φυτά παράγουν τοξικούς δευτερογενείς μεταβολίτες ως αμυντικούς μηχανισμούς έναντι φυτοπαθογόνων μικροοργανισμών, ανταγωνιστικών γειτονικών φυτών και αρπακτικών. Το L‑αζετιδινο‑2‑καρβοξυλικό οξύ (L‑azetidine‑2‑carboxylic acid, AZC), είναι ένα τοξικό ανάλογο της προλίνης, το οποίο συντίθεται από μέλη των οικογενειών Liliaceae και Agavaciae και φέρεται να συμμετέχει σε έναν τέτοιο αμυντικό μηχανισμό των φυτών. Το AZC δύναται να προκαλέσει ένα ευρύ φάσμα τοξικών, φλεγμονωδών και εκφυλιστικών ανωμαλιών σε ανθρώπινα και ζωικά κύτταρα, ενώ είναι γνωστό ότι ορισμένοι μικροοργανισμοί έχουν αναπτύξει εξειδικευμένες στρατηγικές προκειμένου να παρουσιάζουν αντοχή έναντι του AZC. Ωστόσο, οι μηχανισμοί στους οποίους βασίζονται αυτές οι διεργασίες είναι ελάχιστα κατανοητοί. Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή, πραγματοποιήθηκε ο χαρακτηρισμός του μηχανισμού ανθεκτικότητας μυκήτων στο τοξικό ανάλογο της προλίνης AZC, ενός μηχανισμού ευρέως διαδεδομένου στους μύκητες.Συγκεκριμένα, δείχθηκε ότι ο νηματοειδής ασκομύκητας Aspergillus nidulans είναι ικανός όχι μόνο να αντισταθεί στην τοξικότητα του AZC αλλά και να το χρησιμοποιήσει ως πηγή αζώτου. Η αφομοίωση αυτή, πραγματοποιείται μέσω της μεταβολικής οδού του γ-αμινοβουτυρικού οξέος (GABA) και της δράσης της υδρολάσης AzhA, μέλους της haloacid dehalogenase‑like (HAD) υπεροικογένειας ενζύμων που συμμετέχουν σε αντιδράσεις αποτοξικοποίησης ποικίλων ουσιών. Η διαδικασία αποτοξικοποίησης του AZC υποβοηθείται περαιτέρω από την NgnA ακετυλοτρανσφεράση, ορθόλογου της Mpr1 ακετυλοτρανσφεράσης του ζυμομύκητα Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ετερόλογη έκφραση της AzhA καταστέλει την ευαισθησία στο AZC στελεχών του S. cerevisiae. Λεπτομερής φυλογενετική ανάλυση των AzhA ομόλογων σε Μύκητες, Αρχαία και Βακτήρια, αποκαλύπτει έναν ευρέως διαδεδομένο μηχανισμό ανθεκτικότητας στο AZC στους μικροοργανισμούς, συμπεριλαμβανομένων σημαντικών παθογόνων ανθρώπων και φυτών.
Determinants of patient behavioural loyalty on primary health centres: Evidence from a cross-sectional study in Indonesia
Authors: Mardaleta Mardaleta , Lubis Abdul Rahman , Diantimala Yossi , Fahlevi Heru
Published: April 2022

Background: Patients’ loyalty to visit and use the services provided by the primary health centers (PHCs) is an important requirement of a patient referral system in many countries. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of internal service factors (service provider, service process, and service environment) on service quality and behavioural loyalty of patients in Indonesian PHCs (Puskesmas).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 14 districts in Aceh Province, Indonesia between September and December 2020. Data were collected in 102 PHCs that were selected randomly from 137 PHCs that have an Inpatient Unit in the province. The demographic data, three components of internal service factors (service provider, service process, and service environment), the service quality and behavioural loyalty were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Hypothesis testing was conducted by using the structural equation model (SEM).

Results: Our data suggested that two elements of internal service factors (service provider and service environment) had a positive and significant influence on service quality of the PHCs with p<0.001 and p=0.021, respectively. Service quality had a positive and significant influence of behavioural loyalty of patients to the PHCs (p=0.003). Service quality however did not serve as an intervening variable between internal service factors (service provider, service process, and service environment) and behavioural loyalty of patients, with p=0.091, p=0.230 and p=0.260, respectively. 

Conclusions: Service provider and service environment are two main factors that influence the service quality and the service quality directly influence the behavioural loyalty on PHC users. Therefore, to increase the patients’ loyalty to use the PHC services, the quality of the services should be improved by levelling up the quality of providers and both physical and social environments in the PHCs.
Analysis on short-term outcomes of patients with thoracic trauma at dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital in Banda Aceh
Authors: Habibie Yopie Afriandi , Anisa Widya , Nurkhalis Nurkhalis , Azharuddin Azharuddin , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Background: Thoracic trauma is defined as a trauma that hits the chest wall directly or indirectly, either as a result of blunt or penetrating trauma. Thoracic trauma can occurred in any age or genders, and become a life-threatening if the treatment isn’t immediate and  appropriate.

Methods: This research was an observational study with a cohort retrospective design using secondary data in the form of thoracic trauma patients at The Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia in the period January 2019- December 2020. The statistical analysis used were chi square for bivariate and  multivariate analysis, spesifically logistic regression analysis was conducted to know which risk factor influences the most.

Result:  There were 141 medical records used in this study, thoracic trauma was more common in men compared to women. The age group of 46-55 is the age group with the highest percentage of thoracic trauma patients, road traffic are the leading cause of thoracic trauma where the most common diagnosis is rib fractures. Significant factors that associated with the short outcome of thoracic trauma are thoracic trauma diagnosis (p=0,00), management of thoracic trauma (p=0,00), ventilator (p=0,04), duration of ventilator (p=0.01), sepsis (p=0,00), qSOFA score (p=0,00) and  injury severity score (p=0,00).

Conclusions: Motorbike accidents contributed to a considerable number of traumatic chest injuries in this study. Diagnosis, management of trauma, days of ventilation, qSOFA score, injury severity score, and development of sepsis were associated with the short-term outcome among thoracic trauma patients.  Injury severity score seems to be the most influential variable in this study, the lower the better it is. Road safety intervention is urgently needed to control the underlying problems in this study.
Application of the Method of Design Technologies Using Ergonomic and Biomechanical Characteristics in the Educational Process
Authors: Ovchinnikov Yu.
Published: April 2022

Ergonomic biomechanics in the life of a modern person is a new direction, positioned in the health services market. Some firms conduct ergonomic workplace assessments to combat chronic fatigue in their employees and improve physical activity. The factor of "product ergonomics" is gaining momentum in marketing. The performed analysis showed that ergonomic biomechanics is not studied in universities of a sports profile and students do not have a sufficient idea of where this direction can be used. In the scientific literature, this aspect is not sufficiently represented and its development will show not only the social function of ergonomic biomechanics, but its practical orientation both in education and in the ordinary life of a person as a consumer. Applied scientific research was carried out at the Kuban State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism by students of the "Physical rehabilitation" profile while studying the profile subject "Biomechanics of human motor activity". The first part of the study was conducted in a classroom using biomechanical parameters and computer chairs on which students sit (photo-video recording, measuring angles while sitting). This practical lesson was held for the first time and was a surprise for the students. Moreover, the difficulty was that the students were in the classroom, and the teacher was at home in self-isolation, guiding the measurements using voice communication and a computer. The second part of the study consisted in the ability to organize their own ergonomic environment using the example of a workplace at home. The use of the method of design technologies made it possible to show not only the practical orientation of the research, but also the individuality, the creative approach of the student when performing a practical task on his own. The presented applied research shows the development of the competencies indicated in the work program for the subject and will be continued during the internship in secondary schools in the city of Krasnodar and the Krasnodar Territory.
Formation and Diagnostics of Reading Literacy in the Russian Language Lesson
Authors: Trunceva T.
Published: April 2022

The article presents and comments on a set of tasks for the formation of reading literacy of students in the Russian language lesson. Answers and criteria for evaluating tasks are given. The results of practical application and diagnostics of the results of completing tasks for the formation of reading literacy, identified by the author in the course of participant observation, are presented and summarized.
Knowledge Management as a Resource for Increasing the Organization’s Creativity
Authors: Orlova Lyubov' , Ivanov I. , Sundukova G.
Published: April 2022

The issues of increasing the organization's creativity on the basis of knowledge management are considered. By creativity it is proposed to understand the ability of an organization to produce not only new ideas, but ideas that can be transformed into demanded innovative projects. An organization's creativity is reflected in its innovative potential, which is a dynamic process of personnel self-development. The main qualities that characterize the specified potential should be considered key competencies, dynamic, organizational and absorbing capabilities of the company. The formation of these qualities should be carried out within the framework of the knowledge management system created in the organization, the basis of which should be the continuous training of personnel. As a result of such training, the organization must transform first into a self-learning organization, and then into an intellectual organization that not only accumulates, but also capitalizes knowledge. An effective tool for formalizing corporate knowledge (i.e. converting tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge) are corporate training centers or universities. It is noted that the transformation of a company into a creative company is impossible without its inclusion in the digitalization processes of all spheres of its production and economic activities.
„Kolec róży”. O „duszy zranionej miłością”, czyli doświadczeniu mistycznym Teresy od Jezusa (filmowa wizja Raya Lorigi)
Authors: Kolasińska-Pasterczyk Iwona
Published: April 2022

“ROSE THORN”: ABOUT THE “SOUL WOUNDED BY LOVE”, OR THE MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE OF THERESA OF JESUS (FILM VISION BY RAY LORIGÁ) The article concerns the film by Ray Loriga Teresa el Cuerpo de Cristo (Theresa, The Body of Christ, 2007) showing the formation of the spiritual formation of Teresa of Jesus in connection with the cultural and historical context of the 16th century Spain. The author analyzes the director`s efforts to illustrate the mystical experience of Theresa during the period from November 2, 1535 (i.e. her entry into the monastery of the Incarnation in Avila) until August 24, 1562 (i.e. the inauguration of the activity of the first Reformed Carmel in the monastery of St. Joseph). According to the author, Ray Loriga’s intention was to present the simple story of Teresa’s stay in the monastery of the Incarnation in Avila, presented in accordance with her spiritual autobiography - The Book of My Life - through the prism of her inner experience illustrated in the Inner Fortress/The Interior Castle, in which she described her spirituality as a path through seven “chambers of the fortress”. The author focuses on the analysis of the ways in which Loriga visualizes Theresa’s radical mysticism, such as the use of a visual key (the leitmotif of a red dress signaling the experience of mystical graces) and the motif of a swinging door (referring to the metaphor of apartments as stages in the union of the soul with God), visions of revelations Christ in his bodily reality, and iconographic compositions of vision scenes (meetings with Christ or mystical wounding). According to the author and the interpretation of a renowned Hispanist, Joseph Perez, the portrait of Theresa of Jesus created by Ray Loriga, may be inspiring, as it shows a woman who challenges the times in which she lives.
Wizualne, audiowizualne i audiofoniczne źródła do historii cmentarzy. Problematyka, materiał, możliwości
Authors: Szafrański Paweł
Published: April 2022

VISUAL, AUDIOVISUAL AND AUDIOPHONIC SOURCES FOR INVESTIGATING THE HISTORY OF CEMETERIES: ISSUES, MATERIALS, POSSIBILITIES The article touches upon the theme of visual, audiovisual and audiophonic sources regarding history of cemeteries. It focuses on these sources in the context of the problematic, the material and the chances which they carry. The author touches upon the theme of cemeteries in cinematography and popular history.
Społeczno-polityczny wymiar komiksu Deadly Class
Authors: Romaniak Jakub
Published: April 2022

SOCIO-POLITICAL DIMENSION OF THE COMIC BOOK “DEADLY CLASS” The aim of the article is to discuss the socio-political context of the comic book “Deadly Class”, created in 2014 by Rick Remender (script) and Wesley Craig (drawings). The comic is a critique of the rule of the 40th President of the United States, Ronald Reagan. The creators emphasize its significant mistakes (social stratification, increased crime and general mediocrity), but do not notice the significant successes of Reagan’s presidency (economic growth, one of the main drivers of the fall of the Eastern Bloc).
Pengembangan Media PARO (papan romawi) pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika Materi Bilangan Romawi Kelas IV SD
Authors: Riantono Anggit Aziz
Published: April 2022

This study aims to: (1) develop PARO media (roman board) on roman numerals, and (2) determine the quality and appropriateness of PARO media (roman board) as a learning media for mathematics learning materials for Roman numerals for grade IV elementary schools. This study uses R&D (Research and Development) research. The steps are 1) potential and problems, 2) data collection, 3) product design, 4) design validation, 5) design revision, 6) product testing, 7) product revision, 8) product use trial, 9) design revision. This research was conducted at SD N Banyurejo 1 by using a sample of 6 fourth grade students and 16 fourth grade students. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire. Data analysis used qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The research subjects were grade IV teachers and 22 students at SD N Banyurejo 1. The results of the development were PARO (roman board) media in mathematics subject matter Roman numerals for grade IV elementary schools. Media PARO (roman board) was validated by 76 material experts with the category (Eligible), 85.5 media experts with the category (Very Appropriate), and 78.3 learning experts with the category (Eligible). The first trial obtained 100 in the (Very Eligible) category. The second trial obtained 97.7 with the category (very feasible). The results of the response of students on average from trials I and II were 98.7 with the category (Very Eligible). Teacher assessment obtained 93.8 with the category (Very Eligible). These results indicate that the PARO media (roman board) is suitable for use in the learning process in a very feasible category.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL DALAM MENGATASI KESULITAN MEMBACA SISWA KELAS RENDAH DI SD MBS PRAMBANAN
Authors: Fadillah Ridha , Handoko Purwo Hari
Published: April 2022

The ability that must be possessed by the lower classes in Elementary School is the ability to read, but low grade students or novice readers usually have difficulty reading at low levels. To overcome this, it is necessary to have effective learning media in order to overcome reading difficulties in lower classes. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of audio-visual learning media in overcoming the reading difficulties of low grade students at SD MBS Prambanan. The method used in this research is descriptive approach method, data obtained from research subjects are analyzed according to the statistical method used and interpreted by this type of qualitative research. Data collection was carried out by interviewing class II teachers at SD MBS Prambanan and distributing questionnaires to 15 low grade students. reading then analyzed using descriptive statistics with visual analysis techniques in the form of diagrams. The results showed that there was an increase in the level of reading difficulty after using audio visual learning media. This data can be strengthened by data from the results of the distribution of questionnaires that have been obtained. The data is in the form of a diagram which has a percentage of 90.9%, 100%, 90.9%, 100%, 100%, 81.8%, and 81.8% which, if averaged, is 92.2%. Based on this data, it can be concluded that the use of audio-visual learning media is quite effective in overcoming reading difficulties for low-grade students at SD MBS Prambanan.
ANALISIS SELF REGULATED LEARNING DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 SISWA KELAS VI SD MUHAMMADIYAH SAMBISARI
Authors: Jayanti Veliya Septa , Nurohmah Ummu , Himawati Nurohaida Ayu , Maryani Ika
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine students' self-regulated learning during the Covid-19 pandemic at SD Muhammadiyah Sambisari. This study used a descriptive quantitative research method. The research subjects were Grade VI students of SD Muhammadiyah Sambisari. The results showed that the self-regulated learning of grade VI Muhammadiyah SD students was in the medium category with a percentage of 13%, high category 40%, and very high category 47%. This shows that self-regulated learning in grade IV at SD Muhammadiyah Sambisari is good, even though the learning has not face-to-face. Good self-regulated learning in a person is also described, as depending on their belief in the ability of themselves to achieve something they want to show.
PENANAMAN NILAI RELIGIUS SEBAGAI PENGUATAN KARAKTER SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN AQIDAH AKHLAK DI MIN 3 WAY KANAN
Authors: Andrean Seka , Devi Aulia Diana
Published: April 2022

Madrasah Ibtidaiyah is an educational institution that has a strategic role in embedding religious values early on in students. In everyday life religious value is a character value that affects the choice of the way or the purpose of action from several alternatives and leads to behavior and satisfaction. In the face of the disruption era and the moral degradation as it is today, this religious character is indispensable for students to perform praiseworthy morality and to avoid unblemish morality. The focus of this research is to describe the model of religious character planting in Madrasah and teacher learning planning of Aqidah Akhlak as an effort to planting the character of religious students at MIN 3 Way Kanan . Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis of data in qualitative research is inductive i.e. withdrawal of sympulsion is common from the field data. The results show the religious values instilled in MIN 3 Way Kanan covers the value of discipline, honesty, responsibility, sincerity, tolerance, mutual respect, and caring for the environment.
PENANAMAN KARAKTER CINTA TANAH AIR MELALUI KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER KARAWITAN DI SD NEGERI GAMOL SLEMAN
Authors: Nugrahaningsih Dyah Ayu , Martaningsih Sri Tutur
Published: April 2022

One of the character crises among students is the love of the country. Cultivating the character of love for the country in schools can be done in various ways, one of which is through musical extracurricular activities or Karawitan extracuricullar. Through musical or Karawitan extracurricular activities, students are expected to be able to love customs and culture, tolerance among others, and love local products, and be able to preserve customs and cultural heritage. This study aims to describe the strategy of cultivating the character of love for the country through extracurricular activities at SD Negeri Gamol Sleman, its inhibiting and supporting factors. This research is a qualitative research. Methods of data using observation, interviews, equipped with documentation. Test the validity of the data using triangulation of sources and techniques. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and data collection. The results showed that: 1) The musical or Karawitan extracurricular activities at SD Gamol Sleman involve good cooperation between the principal, teachers of musical or Karawiran extracurricular activities, and students. Extra-curricular implementation includes curriculum components, material approaches, methods, evaluation, and the facilities and infrastructure used; 2) The strategy of cultivating the character of love for the country through musical or Karawitan extracurricular activities at SD Gamol Sleman is carried out in three stages, namely (Knowing Morals), (Moral Loving), (Moral doing); 3) Inhibiting factors are not overlooked and do not hinder activities. The supporting factors in terms of complete musical instruments and support from school residents or the school environment 4) The character of love for the country that is instilled through extracurricular activities for Gamol, including customs and culture, tolerance of others, and love for local product.
EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN DARING MELALUI MEDIA WHATSAPP DI SD N 16 TOBOALI
Authors: Rizandi Muhammad , Puspita Desvi , Fatimah Maysy , Cantika Nora , Sari Winda Purnama
Published: April 2022

Fenomena Covid-19 yang terjadi secara global berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan aktivitas masyarakat, salah satunya di bidang pendidikan. Terjadinya pergeseran proses pembelajaran dari luring menjadi daring adalah salah satu bukti dampak dari fenomena global. Positifnya Covid-19 bagi dunia pendidikan adalah sebagai akselerasi dalam pemanfaatan IPTEKS dalam kehidupan. Mengoptimalkan teknologi sebagai media pembelajaran. Salah satu media sosial yang dinilai berpotensi untuk memfasilitasi pembelajaran daring yang mudah diakses dan digunakan melalui WhatsApp (WA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pembelajaran secara daring dengan memanfaatkan media WA di Sekolah Dasar N 16 Toboali. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian deksriptif kualitatif melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi terhadap guru, orang tua, dan peserta didik. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mengkondensasi data, menyajikan data dan memverifikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pembelajaran daring menggunakan WA belum terlaksana secara efektif dan optimal; (2) persentase komunikasi antara guru dan peserta didik melalui WA adalah 53% yang menunjukkan kurang efektif; 3) Keterlaksanaan evaluasi pembelajaran tidak terlaksana secara optimal.
PEMBELAJARAN CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING: PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DI ERA COVID-19
Authors: Feriansyah Feriansyah , Ifriyanti Syofnidah , Suherman Suherman
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan terkait diketahui bahwa masaih banyak peserta didik yang mendapatkan nilai di bawahÂ  kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM) dalam masa PANDEMI COVID-19. Hal itu juga dibuktikan dengan rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam melakukan pemecahan masalah matematika yang telah diuji cobakan pada awal prapenelitian. Berdasarkan hal tersebut salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan untuk mengasah kreatifitas siswa dalam menyelesaikan persoalan matematikaÂ  adalah Creative Problem Solving. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Desain yang digunakan Quasi Eksperimen.Teknik analisis dat menggunakan soal Tes Essay dengan materi FPB dan KPK. Analisis data menggunakan uji homogenitas dan normalitas, serta uji hipotesis menggunakan uj-t.Â  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa thitung>ttabel = 2,595 > 2,158 atauÂ  sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Hal iniberarti terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran creative problem solving terhadap hasil belajar Matematika
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA FUN THINKERS DALAM MELATIH KETERAMPILAN MENULIS KARANGAN SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sukma Hanum Hanifa , Amalia Nur Rizky
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat membuat keterampilan menulis karangan narasi peserta didik menjadi lebih baik. Media Fun Thinkers harus diuji kelayakannya dengan melakukan uji coba validasi oleh tiga dosen ahli, yaitu ahli media, ahli materi, dan ahli pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Research and Development (RnD) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan Analys, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE). Teknik dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi dan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data kualitatif untuk mengolah data berdasarkan komentar atau saran dari para ahli serta analisis data kuantitatif untuk mengetahui kualitas produk. Hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian dari hasil uji coba validasi yaitu ahli media 100 dengan kriteria â€œBaik Sekaliâ€, ahli materi 80 dengan kriteria â€œBaik Sekali, dan ahli pembelajaran 80 dengan kriteria â€œBaik Sekaliâ€. Hasil uji coba validasi ahli tersebut menunjukkan bahwa media Fun Thinkers layak untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran khususnya pada keterampilan menulis karangan narasi peserta didik kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Â Â