bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenol Degradation Characteristics and Immobilization of Acinetobacte Strain HY1
Authors: Jia Jian Bo , Yang Yong , Yu Hu Peng
Published: July 2012

The phenol degradation characteristics and immobilization of an Acinetobacte strain HY1 were carried out. The effects of phenol concentration, temperature, pH and NaCl dosage on the growth of HY1 and phenol degradation rate were investigated. The results showed that When the bacteria was cultured in 0.5 g/L phenol solution at 35 °C and pH 7.5 with shaking speed 120 r/min, liquid volume in flask 50 mL and inoculation amount 20 % for 6 h, the degradation rate of phenol was over 95 %. Compared with free bacteria, immobilized bacteria had a higher phenol degradation rate after a long culture time.
Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Ferulyl Oleins and their Inhibition Effects on Nitrosamine
Authors: Chen Lin Lin , Xin Jia Ying , Zhang Ying Xin , Wang Yan
Published: July 2012

Ferulyl oleins were synthesized from ethyl ferulate and triolein with Lipopan lipase. The influence of reaction parameters, such as reaction system and water activity were evaluated. Among the tested lipases in different reaction system, Lipopan S BG appeared to be the most appropriate resulting in a overall yield of ferulyl oleins 28.31% within 120h in toluene system, whereas transesterification degree with other lipases did not exceed 20% in any condition. Similarly, the Lipopan lipase expressed the highest transesterification yield at aw = 0.33. The inhibition of nitrosamine by ferulyl oleins in vitro experiments were performed. The results showed that ferulyl oleins had a greater ability to inhibit the N-nitrosodimethylamine formation than ferulic acid and ethyl ferulate did. Ferulyl oleins showed an inhibition rate as high as 76.9%. In the case of nitrite, the extent of the inhibition by ferulyl oleins was slightly lower than EF. They all exhibited the highest inhibition rate at the concentration of 1.5mg/mL. The results suggest that ferulyl oleins can inhibite nitrosamine formation efficiently.
Study on a Brushing Hydrophobic Agent of Gypsum
Authors: Pan Hong , Li Guo Zhong
Published: July 2012

A brushing hydrophobic agent of gypsum was prepared with organic silicon monomer (ASID), actyflon-G02, actyflon-G04 and (meth)acrylate monomer by solution polymerization method. The influence factors including the reaction temperature and the introducing model of monomers were investigated. Effect of the hydrophobic agent on water absorption of gypsum samples was also studied. The experimental results indicated that the early water resistance of gypsum samples with the agent was obviously improved. However the water absorption became large when gypsum samples were used for a long period of time, and it is applied to parts of the building that short-term subjected to moisture intrusion.
Growth and Measurement of Mg Doped AlGaN/GaN Superlattice with Low Resistiviy
Authors: Chen Jun Feng
Published: July 2012

Although the research of bulk GaN material has take great progress in recent years, while the high quality of p-type GaN material still is an obstacle to fabricate the HBT and LD devices. In this paper we growth a group of Mg doped AlGaN/GaN superlattices under variant conditions. The Hall, AFM, PL and HR-XRD measurement are taken to find the relationship of sample quality with the superlattice structure, growth and annealing conditions. The results show that the period length of about 9nm and Al content of 30% is the optimal structure; the best annealing temperature under tmosphere is about 540°C to 580°C. At last the p-type AlGaN/GaN superlattice with resistivity of 0.31Ω•cm is fabricated which can be utilize for the contact layers of blue LEDs.
Structure, Acid Properties and Catalysis Performance of MCM-22 “Family” Zeolites on the Alkylation of Benzene with Propylene
Authors: Zhao Fei , Zhang Yu , Geng Shu Dong , Chen Lian Fa , Wang Wei
Published: July 2012

MCM-22 “family” zeolites (MCM-22, MCM-49 and MCM-56) have been synthesized hydrothermally by dynamic method. All materials were characterized by different techniques, such as XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption and NH3-TPD. The catalyst performance of MCM-22 “family” zeolites have been studied on the alkylation of benzene with propylene in liquid phase. Result shows that MCM-22 “family” zeolites are excellent alkylation catalysts for the produce of cumene. Compared to MCM-22 and MCM-49, MCM-56 shows higher catalytic activity in a relatively low reaction temperature and higher monoalkylation selectivity in a relatively low benzene-to-propylene ratio.
Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Synthesis of Diethylene Glycol
Authors: Zheng Mang , Li Xiao Yan , Guan Ru Qi , Liu Yan Mei , Zhao Ya Juan , Tai Yu Lei
Published: July 2012

Diethylene glycol (DEG) is the by-product of the hydration of ethylene oxide. With the rapid development of China's ethylene industry and the increased production of diethylene glycol, taking full advantage of the diethylene glycol resources to develop downstream products and expanding the use of diethylene glycol is becoming more and more important. In this paper, we introduce the applications and manufacturing methods of diethylene glycol, and elaborate the advantages and disadvantages of various methods. Furthermore, we present a new approach to synthesis industrial raw material diethylene glycol by ethylene glycol as raw material and ionic liquids as catalyst.
Synthesis of Ultrafine Cr3C2 Powders by Carbothermal Reduction of Precursors
Authors: Jin Yong Zhong , Ye Fa Ming , Liu Chun Hai , Yang Rui Song
Published: July 2012

Ultrafine Cr3C2 powders with globular-like particle of ~0.3-0.8 μm were synthesized by a new precursor method, namely carbothermal reduction of complex chromium oxide-carbon mixture, which was made initially from salt solution containing chromium and carbon elements by air drying and subsequent calcining at 400 °C for 1 h. Phase composition of reaction products was discussed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and microstructure of the calcined powders and final products was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the synthesizing temperature of Cr3C2 powders was reduced greatly by the new precursor method. Thus, the preparation of ultrafine Cr3C2 powders is at only 1000 °C for 2 h. The lowering of synthesizing temperature is mainly due to the homogeneous chemical composition of the complex oxide-carbon mixture. There is a coarsening tendency of Cr3C2 powders with the increase of reaction temperature and time.
Modification of Cyanate Ester Resin by Epoxy-Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane
Authors: Zhang Zeng Ping , Pei Jian Zhong , Fang Chang Qing , Chen Shuan Fa
Published: July 2012

A series of cyanate ester resin (CE) based organic-inorganic hybrids containing different content (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) of epoxy functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-Ep) were prepared by casting and curing. Impact and flexural strengths of the hybrids were investigated. Results showed that CE10 containing 10wt% of POSS-Ep displayed not only the optimum impact strength but the optimum flexural strength.
Adsorption Behavior and Kinetics of Methyl Orange in Water on Activated Carbon
Authors: Wu Yong Hong , Yu Qi , Xu Hong Da , Liu Zhi Yong , Sun Ming Zhu , Zhu Jing
Published: July 2012

The adsorption behavior of methyl orange aqueous solution was investigated on husk-based activated carbon. The effects of key factors, i.e., degassing pretreatment, adsorption time, temperature, adsorbent dosage and initial concentration, on the adsorption efficiency were measured. The kinetic adsorption curves and adsorption isotherms were fitted with theoretical model. The results show that the removal efficiency of methyl orange could be significantly improved by degassing pretreatment, prolonging the time, lowering temperature or reducing the initial concentration. In the context, adsorption equilibrium will be achieved up 90min. Furthermore, adsorption rate will be enhanced by the increase of the amount of activated carbon. In conclusion, adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics can be fitted well with Freundlich equation and pseudo-first Lagergren model, respectively.
Crystallization Properties of Nucleated Poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Chen Yong , Dou Qiang
Published: July 2012

The effect of a nucleating agent (NT-C) on the crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was studied. The melting and crystallization behavior and spherulitic morphology of the nucleated PLA were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). It is found that the crystallization temperature and crystallinity increase, the spherulitic size decrease for the nucleated PLA. But the crystal structure of the nucleated PLA is not changed.
Fuchsine Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Epichlorohydrin Crosslinked Peanut Husk
Authors: Song Ying Hua , Chen Sheng Ming , Ren Jian Min , Gao Yuan , Xu Hui
Published: July 2012

The adsorption of fuchsine by peanut husk, which was crosslinked by epichlorohydrin was studied with variation in the parameters of contact time, pH, initial fuchsine concentration and temperature. They were used for equilibrium adsorption uptake studies with fuchsine. The results indicate that adsorption equilibrium could be well described by both the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm equation. The adsorption followed the pseudo-second order model. The thermodynamic constants of the adsorption process were also evaluated, which suggest an endothermic adsorption process which runs spontaneously.
Solubility Prediction for the Reciprocal Quaternary System (Li+, Mg2+//Cl-, SO42-–H2O) at 273.15 K Using Pitzer Ion-Interaction Model
Authors: Wang Shi Qiang , Guo Ya Fei , Deng Tian Long
Published: July 2012

Solubilities of the reciprocal quaternary system (Li+, Mg2+//Cl-, SO42-–H2O) at 273.15K were calculated using Pitzer and its extended HW model. The values of the Pitzer single-salt parameters β(0), β(1), β(2)and Cφfor LiCl, MgCl2, Li2SO4, and MgSO4, the mixed ion-interaction parameters θLi,Mg, θCl,SO4, ψLi,Mg,Cl, ψLi,Mg,SO4, ψLi,Cl,SO4and ψMg,Cl,SO4, and the Debye–Hückel parameter Aφin the system at 273.15K were derived either temperature-dependent equation or through fitting solubility data of the ternary system by multiple linear regression method. Based on the Jänecke indexes, the phase diagram was plotted. This study affords the necessary parameters for solubility predictions of complicated systems and establishes a theoretical basis for the separation of these valuable minerals from salt lake brine.
Experimental Research on Comprehensive Recovery of Iron and Phosphorus from the Low Grade Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite Ore
Authors: Wang Wei Zhi , Chen Li Ping , Yang Chun Guang
Published: July 2012

An experimental research on comprehensive recovery of iron and associated apatite from a low grade vanadiferous titanomagnetite ore with high phosphorus was carried out. The results showed that using the technological flowsheet of “low -intensity magnetic separation-flotation”, not only the magnetite can be effectively separated, but the associated apatite in the mineral resources can also be satisfactorily recovered. An iron concentrate with a TFe grade of 64.81% and iron recovery of 58.04% and a high-quality phosphorus concentrate of 33.50% P2O5 with a yield of 92.18% is obtained．
Effect of Extracellular Polymeric Substances on Operation of Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Zhang Wan You , Wang Xin Yan , Xi Li Juan
Published: July 2012

In order to study the relationship between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and membrane fouling, the effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the operation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated in this paper. The operation of membrane was analyzed by evaluating sludge volume index (SVI), modified fouling index (MFI), and membrane resistance (Rt), respectively. The results showed that SVI, MFI, and Rt increased with the accumulation of EPS, and membrane fouling aggravated with the increase of EPS, this illustrated that the content of EPS had a direct influence on SVI, MFI, Rt and membrane fouling. The consequences could offer a simple method to monitor the concentration of EPS by analyzing SVI, MFI, or Rt.
Use of CAS Colorimetric Assays to Evaluate the Effect of Copper Ion on Methanobactin Production by Methylosinus trichosporium 3011
Authors: Xin Jia Ying , Jiang Jia Liang , Zhang Shuai , Yan Chao Ze , Zhang Ying Xin , Dong Jing , Xia Chun Gu
Published: July 2012

Methanobactin (mb) is a small copper-binding chromopeptide produced by methanotrophs. In this paper, a quantitative assay method for the content of mb was developed. The mb produced by Methylosinus trichosporium 3011growth with methane and methanol as carbon sources were detected from the culture supernatants by the CAS colorimetric assay at wavelengths 605 nm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of copper ion on mb production by methane-growth and methanol-growth Methylosinus trichosporium 3011. The results of our experiments prove that Methylosinus trichosporium 3011 is able to utilize methanol as sole source of carbon and energy to produce mb. Cells grown on both methane and methanol exhibited differences in the accumulations of mb which were dependent on the concentration of copper (Ⅱ) present in the growth medium. An increase in the concentration of copper (Ⅱ) in the growth medium decreased mb content in the supernatant solutions. However, the mb was shown to exhibit maximal concentration at 0.5µmol/L copper (Ⅱ) with methanol as carbon source in contrast to the mb from cells grown on methane which as maximum concentration at 0 µmol/L copper (Ⅱ).
Development of Phosphate Dosing Control System Based on ADAM 6050 and WebAccess
Authors: Li Yu Chun , Jiang Ya , Zheng Heng , Liu Xiao Wei
Published: July 2012

Automatic supervision of chemical dosing system was developed in fossil power plant by use of ADAM 6050 module and Advantech WebAccess. Communication configuration must be accorded with Bus protocol and device type; the system is confirmed to achieve stability and real-time performance after practical application.
The RE Compound Using in Corrosion Inhibitor of Copper Alloy
Authors: Xu Fang , Wu Shu Zhen
Published: July 2012

Based on neutral salt spray test and variance analysis, the RE salt compound using in the corrosion inhibitors of copper alloy has been studied. Synergistic effects among the RE salt, benzotriazole and sulfosalicylic acid were conducted through two orthogonal experiments. The results shows that the passive film has a better corrosion resistance after added RE salt,the synergistic effect is obvious in combined copper corrosion inhibitor.
Research Progress on Preparation Methods of Nanofibers
Authors: Cheng Ming Ming , Wang Fei , Ma Lin Jing , Fan Chao
Published: July 2012

Research progress of preparation methods of nanofibers was briefly reviewed and discussed based on the classification of two component composite method, template synthesis method, polymer limited domain synthesis method, and electrospinning method. Research orientations related to preparation methods of nanofibers were also proposed.
A Study on Preparation of Cordierite Porous Ceramics Made from Starch Pore-Forming Agent
Authors: Fu Ping , Huang Zhi Liang , Zhang Fang
Published: July 2012

The cordierite porous ceramics were made from kaolinite, talc and α-alumina, formed by pressing and fired at 1200 °C for one hour. Starch was used as pore-forming agent. Physical/chemical properties and microstructure of products were characterized. The results show that samples exhibit relatively high strength, low coefficient of thermal expansion and well-distributed gradient pores. The pores of samples are homogeneous.
Study on the Influence of High Temperature Homogenizing and Solution on the Microstructure and Property of 4Cr5MoSiV1 Steel
Authors: Yi Luo
Published: July 2012

4Cr5MoSiV1 steel, a widely used for hot work mould, contains Cr, Mo, V alloying elements that easily form carbides. The Micro-area chemical composition, microstructure, impact toughness and thermal fatigue behavior of 4Cr5MoSiV1 and 4Cr5MoSiV1H steels were investigated, the latter was carried on high temperature homogenizing and solution based on the former. The results showed that bulk eutectic carbides and elements segregation contained in the 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel reduced the impact toughness. But the impact toughness of the core of the mould steel block and thermal fatigue property of 4Cr5MoSiV1H steel were improved because the elements segregation and eutectic carbides was eliminated through the high temperature homogenizing and solution.
Experiment Research on an Optical Fiber F-p Ultrasound Sensor for Detecting Internal Defects of Metal Materials
Authors: Shan Ning , Liu Xia , Ma Yong Zhong
Published: July 2012

Metal materials have been used in aero industry widely because of its excellent characteristics. So its internal defects are very important. Ultrasound detection technology for detecting metal materials internal defects is related to piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor. This has a few of disadvantages. So the double wavelength optical fiber F-P ultrasound sensing system is designed in this paper. The ultrasound detecting experiment devices for internal defects of metal materials is established based on the optical fiber F-P sensing system. Experimental research of detecting the internal defects is developed. The experimental results show this sensor can detect the ultrasound signals effectively. And it’s proved that this method can be effective used in the internal defect of metal materials.
Printing Performance of Different Pigment Coated Paper
Authors: Zhang Yan , Su Tie Qing
Published: July 2012

For high print quality, halftone dots should have minimal dot gain and sharp, circular edges, the receiving surface must have a line, high-porosity structure and be hydrophilic. Paper surface chemistry requirements for good inkjet print quality are so unconventional that new paper grades for printing should be specially designed. In this paper, the printability, coating structure and the color reproduction after printing of coated paper was studied.
Synergetic Performance of Retention Aids on Reconstituted Tobacco by Papermaking Process
Authors: Zhao Li Hong , Liao Xia Lin , He Bei Hai , Yao Yuan Jun , Wang Feng Lan
Published: July 2012

In this work, the effects of four kinds of additives including polyethyleneimine, carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum, and chitosan on the retention performance of reconstituted tobacco pulp and strength character of final base sheet were discussed. The results showed that the filler retention efficiency and first pass retention efficiency increased by 17.7% and by 5.8% at chitosan dosage of 0.2%, respectively. Moreover, the tensile index showed a distinct increase in chitosan retention system. The largest strength index was found to be in carboxymethylcellulose retention system, the tensile index was increased from 6.5 N•m/g to 8.67 N•m/g, and the wet tensile index was increased from 0.37 N•m/g to 0.51 N•m/g.
A Novel Colorimetric Sensor for Selective Sensing of Cu (II) in Aqueous Media
Authors: Yu Wei , Zhou Xin , Piao Ying Ai , Wu Xue
Published: July 2012

A novel colorimetric sensor based on BMPA derivative was designed and synthesized. The sensor displayed high selective and sensitive recognition of Cu2+in aqueous DMSO solution via an obvious color change from yellow to pink. The color change can be attribute to form a complex with Cu2+with C=O and N-H bonds. Based on this principle, an analytical method was developed and successfully used in the determination of the copper content in actual sample.
Performance of Anti-Erosion and Anti-Oxidation of High Al Steels at 1373K
Authors: Wang Hai Chuan , Liao Zhi You , Wang Shi Jun , Zhou Yun , Dong Yuan Chi
Published: July 2012

The effect of Al content on the anti-erosion and anti-oxidation performance of high Al steels at 1373K is studied in this paper. By 168-hour heat treating at 1373 K and at oxidation atmosphere, These results show that for comparing non-Al steel and low-Al (w[Al]=1.14%) steel sample there are a more obvious and easily-dropping oxidation layer in surface in 24 h , the average oxidation rate is up to 0.406 mg/(cm2.h), but for high Al steel, there is a thinner gray oxidation layer in surface and a more fast oxidation rate for w[Al]<5% sample , and there is a thin, close and yellow gloss film and the average oxidation rate is only 0.016 mg/(cm2.h) for w[Al]=8.46% sample. The average erosion rate is 0.096 mg/cm2.h in initial 24 h and thereafter the erosion is very slow. But there is a higher erosion rate and the average erosion rate is 0.594 mg/(cm2.h) in 6 % HCl solution for high Al steel sample and comparing non-Al steel. Accordingly high Al steel possesses a good performance of high temperature anti-oxidation and anti-erosion in NaCl solution.
Study on the Effect of Curing Condition on the Performance of FBC Ash
Authors: Ding Tian , Song Yuan Ming , Cao Ai Zhi , Zha Yu Xia , Yin Jin Hui
Published: July 2012

The cementitious system containing FBC ash is usually associated with volume expansion when cured in the normal temperature, due to its relatively high SO3 content. This paper presents a further study on the effect of different curing conditions on the flexural and compressive strength of FBC ash-Portland cement clinker mortar and linear expansion ratio of FBC ash-Portland cement clinker paste. The results show that autoclaved curing is more beneficial to increasing mortar strength in early days than standard curing, but with slow strength development in later period. Moreover, autoclaved curing could decrease the expansion of FBC ash greatly. This study confirms that the expansion of FBC ash can be significantly inhibited by autoclaved curing.
Electrical Degradation Induced Formations of Current Transients in Lead Zirconate Titanate
Authors: Zheng De Yi , Swingler Jonathan , Weaver Paul , Liu Qi Bin
Published: July 2012

Nowadays, the piezoelectric materials are widely used in many areas. The piezoelectric materials will undergo an electrical degradation process during working causes the piezoelectricity and resistance of the piezoelectric materials degrade. The existence of the electrical degradation phenomenon severely limits the applications of the piezoelectric products. During the electrical degradation process, electrical breakdown often occurs and this electrical breakdown has been proposed [1, 2] induces the resistance decrease and local phase changing. In this paper, the electrical breakdown induced current transients are detailed investigated. Three types of current transients are presented and the time durations of current transients are suggested not constant and corresponding to the time duration of the local burn-out process, which is caused by the heat released from the electrical breakdown process.
Monte Carlo Simulation on the Matrix Failure Considering the Interfacial Debonding Energy
Authors: Yuan Yi Yun , Wu Qi Jun , Yang Da Peng , Ye You Dong
Published: July 2012

Considering the interfacial debonding energy at the fiber/matrix interface, an improved Monte Carlo simulation has been done on the matrix failure of the unidirectional ceramic matrix composites. Firstly, the debond length formula was given, then the stress/strain formula was also reviewed, and the matrix failure was simulated by the improved Monte Carlo model, the effect of the interfacial debonding stress on the matrix cracks evolution and the stress/strain curve was considered especially. Lastly, the result was compared to the experiment data. The result shows that the larger interfacial debonding energy at the fiber/matrix interface, the larger debond stress, the crack density increase more slowly, the mean crack density smaller, the final failure strength lower. The improved Monte Carlo simulation result is agreed well with the experiment data.
Li+ Extraction/Insertion Reaction with Spinel Li4Mn0.5O3
Authors: Jiang Jin He
Published: July 2012

Spinel-type etal oxides, Lithium -manganese oxide Li4Mn0.5O3 was prepared by a solid state reaction crystallization method. The results showed that the Li+ extraction/insertion be progressed mainly by an ion-exchange mechanism. The acid treated samples had an ion exchange capacity of 12.7mmol/g for Li+.
The Engine Connecting Rod Strength Evaluation and Fatigue Analysis
Authors: Zheng Yu Qing , Wang Zhen Lin , Ke He Ji , Li Bing
Published: July 2012

In this paper, all parts of the gasoline engine connecting rod were assembled and the stress analysis was executed in two working cases of the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum inertia force based on ABAQUS. According to the simulation results from two above working cases, the engine connecting rod strength was evaluated comprehensively, which could satisfy the rod design strength requirement. And meanwhile the high cycle fatigue analysis of the connecting rod was also completed in fatigue safe module. The fatigue simulation result showed that the safety factor was greater than the specified value and the connecting rod was reliable.
A Creative Anti-Collision Guardrail Structure Design for Heavy Vehicle
Authors: Zheng Yong Bing , Zheng Yu Qing , Yang Hui Xiang , Yang Ming
Published: July 2012

Based on the Pro / E 3D modeling technology and combined with the force decomposition and transmission principle, this paper used the connecting rod mechanism to achieve a creative guardrail structure design with the cushioning function. Aiming at the phenomenon that small cars burst from the side into the bottom of heavy vehicles on the highway and cause the small cars’ passengers deadly damage, according to GB11567.1-2001 official requirements, the author innovatively designed a new structure of side crash barrier for heavy vehicle. In summary, the design of collision avoidance principle and creative structure design were briefly introduced in this paper.
Study and Application on Dust Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology in Tunnel Excavation by Blasting
Authors: Zhang Xian Tang , Bai Yi , Zhou Hong Min , Wang Hong Li
Published: July 2012

In view of the characteristics of the blasting tunneling roadway, the paper has analyzed the distribution law and the movement rule of dust in roadway. Combined with the practical problems existing in the field, a series of methods were conducted to investigate and analyze the the dust source of tunneling, the authors propose the following optimal comprehensive directional measures: At first, using the wet shotcrete technology as more as possible to improving the shotcrete. Taking use of the corresponding measures of spraying and watering, and the use of water stemming is mandatory. The amount of wind in the exit of the ventilation duct should be controlled and the quality of water should be improved, enhancing the atomization effect. The settled dust on the walls of the tunnel should be moistened with sticking agent and the individual safeguard should be done better. Adopting the above dustproof measures should effectively solve the problems of a large amount of dust and the working environment of high dust concentration in the heading face by blasting. The working environment can be improved by the effective control for the dust concentration in the heading face .The work of dust comprehensive prevention in the heading face is of significance.
Modified Coal Fly Ashes Applied in Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Yu Yan Zhen , Tan Juan , Yang Ao , Zhou Yu Xing , Cheng Lei
Published: July 2012

The coal fly ashes are porous granular waste matters which were produced when the coal burned in power station. Through trial founding that if we modify coal fly ashes by inorganic, organic or physics means, it can increase porosity or surfactant, and enhance the adsorption. In addition, the extract of fly ashes can be synthesized coagulant, such as ploy-silicate alum ferric, when the coagulant apply to industry wastewater, the effect is good, so it is worth popularizing. As porous granular matter, it is a high quality media when used in biological aerated filter. At last we have some conclusions about the problems when using the fly ashes and its development trend in the future.
Formation of Calcium Phosphate-Ellagic Acid Composites by Layer by Layer Assembly for Cellular Attachment to Osteoblasts
Authors: Banerjee Ipsita A. , Fath Karl R. , Nakatsuka Nako , Sarker Nazmul H. , Banerjee Ipsita A.
Published: July 2012

The quest for new biomaterials to serve as cell scaffolds for applications in tissue engineering is of prime importance. In this work, we investigated microfiber assemblies of Ellagic Acid (EA), a plant polyphenol to serve as scaffolds for attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. The advantage of Ellagic Acid self-assembling system is its intrinsic ability to order into multiple layers due to its capability to form liquid crystalline assemblies. We prepared ellagic acid-microfiber composites by the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly method, where collagen (COL), poly-Arginine (poly-R), and calcium phosphate nanocrystals were coated on the surface of ellagic acid microfibers. The attachment of the various layers was confirmed by various spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The samples were found to be porous with an average pore size of 600 nm. The formed microconjugates were biodegradable and supported the growth of human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) cells in vitro. Our findings suggest that this system not only promotes initial cell adhesion but also can be utilized to deliver the vital biological molecule ellagic acid to cells at the scaffold interface and displays a new strategy for the design of biomaterials.
Integrated Motile Orbital Implants Based on Ceramic Foam Scaffolds: Preparation and In Vivo Study
Authors: Smorygo Oleg , Krasilnikova Viktoria , Vialiuha Yuri , Goranov Vitaly , Kovalenko Yuri , Tsedik Larisa
Published: July 2012

Zirconia-alumina ceramic foam scaffolds with a nanocrystalline HAP coating were used for the preparation of integrated motile orbital implants. This study demonstrated that open-cell ceramic foams with enhanced strength-to-density ratio are quite suitable as biocompatible materials for the manufacture of orbital implants for post-enucleation syndrome treatment. In-vivo studies demonstrated that the application of a nanocrystallyne (not sintered) HAP coating facilitated the formation of dense fibrous capsule around the implant as well as the fast tissue ingrowth into the implant’s internal space. Orbital implants with the optimized pore size and HAP content were implanted to the animal’s eye cavity with their fixation to the extraocular muscles, and their motility was ensured.
Microwave Sintering of Al2O3 Fiber-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Matrix Composites
Authors: Ehsani N. , Ruys A.J. , Sorrell Charles Christopher
Published: July 2012

Al2O3Fiber-reinforced HAp was sintered using microwave and conventional heating. Microwave heating cycles were ~50 times faster than conventional sintering cycles and enabled the use of reduced densification temperatures and soak times by as much as ~100°C and 55 min, respectively. However, although there was a significant improvement in densification levels attainable before decomposition, the improvements were insufficient to produce near-fully or fully dense samples.
Performance Evaluation of Bamboo Scrimber under Planner Machining
Authors: Guan Ming Jie , Cai Zhi Yong , Zhu Yi Xin , Lin Ju Mei
Published: July 2012

This research evaluated the planing performance of bamboo scrimber boards at three feed speeds and three cutting depths and used two methods to assess the finished surfaces. A macroscopic grade assessment was made according to ASTM D 1666-87 for visible planing defects. The other assessment was a microscopic scale roughness test measuring surface average roughness in terms of GB/T 12472. The visible results showed that the finished surface quality of bamboo resulted mainly in Grades and , with the main defect being torn grain. The two evaluations method showed consistent results in surface quality that the highest percentage of Grade was counted and the lowest roughness value occurred. Compared with the hardwood Sawtooth oak widely used in furniture industry in China, planning quality of bamboo scrimber board is better in terms of roughness.
Textile-Architecture Structured on Bamboo Culms
Authors: Ripper Jose Luiz Mendes , Campos Daniel Malaguti , de Melo Joao Victor Azevedo de Menezes Correia
Published: July 2012

This article aims to disclose the developments of a research on constructive methods of lightweight structures, developed by the Laboratory for Research on Living Design, LILD, from Pontifical Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, PUC-Rio. One of the objectives of this paper is, using principles of biomimesis, to systematize constructive processes by means of the understanding of how nature creates its forms. In the Laboratory, experiments with soap bubbles and catenaries have been serving this purpose In this case, studies resulted in the solution to the covering of the newly constructed LILDs building, located in the campus of the University, a textile-architecture where structural elements and joints, usually made of steel or wood, were replaced by bamboo culms tied together. The present article also demonstrates how these culms were benefited in order to meet specific requirements of the project.
Application of Non-Conventional Materials: Evaluation Criteria for Environmental Conservation in Brazil
Authors: de Moraes L. A. F. , Ohayon P. , Ghavami Khosrow
Published: July 2012

The present worldwide socio economical system created the actual situation where almost two third of world population lives under the minimum living conditions which have been established by the United Nations criteria. To overcome these deficiencies, there is an urgent need to establish a new paradigm for promoting conservation and environmental sustainability. This paper presents the evaluation criteria for this major concern. The main variables considered are: sufficient availability, renewability, adequate physical-mechanical characteristics, cost efficiency, easy access, simple production, local technology adapted to local conditions, and durability. The non-conventional materials and technologies (NOCMAT) minimize adverse impacts into the environment and also provide adequate products for a market increasingly competitive. Thus, very strict norms and clean technologies should be implemented. Positive results in Brazilian research institutions have been developed on the use of NOCMAT (bamboo, vegetable fibers, bio-composites, recycled conventional materials, etc.) since 1979 at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio, Department of Civil Engineering). Nevertheless, these NOCMAT are not yet sufficiently disseminated and employed in the country due to the lack of sufficient investments. Thus, government incentives and private initiatives must be increased substantially to change this panorama in Brazil.
The Research for the Strengthening Method of Bamboo Poles in Dai's Houses Roof Frame
Authors: Wang Ya Jing , Bai Wen Feng
Published: July 2012

For the developed surface area of Xishuangbanna Dai's houses' roof be equal to about 85% of the total floor area, the reasonable choice for materials of roof frame has the important meaning for conserving energy and materials. Bamboo is a kind of fast-growing and renewable natural building material. Replacing the wooden roof frame with bamboo roof frame can achieve good ecological and economic effects. Bamboo pole has cavity, culm wall is thin and easy to split. These special characteristics of bamboo led to the existing structure technology of bamboo roof frame are very complex. In order to make up these defects, this paper proposed three methods for strengthening the bamboo poles. First, after the bamboo wall cut open, sticking the half log and fixing the log on the bamboo culm by pneumatically driven nail, makes bamboo pole can adopt the connection method of wood construction. Second, forms the partial solid body in the closed bamboo cavity, raises the bamboo pole's lateral bearing capacity. Third, does thicken processing for the bamboo wall in its specific positions, in order to enhance the anti-splitting ability. By using these structure measures, the joint structure of the new bamboo roof frame can be simplified, and the stability also greatly be proposed compared with the traditional bamboo roof frame.
Field Study on Thermal Environment of Typical Rural Houses in Qin-Ling Mountain
Authors: He Wen Fang , Liu Jia Ping , Hu Rong Rong
Published: July 2012

With the urbanization process, rural houses in Qin-Ling Mountain area changes spontaneous, some of these changes may lead to improvement of thermal performances, while others may be worse and results more energy consumption. Besides, in Qin-Ling Mountain area, energy consumption of rural houses for thermal comfort is mainly in winter. For these reasons, based on the field study in Qin-mao village in north Qin-Ling Mountain, the thermal environment in winter of new rural houses are tested and analyzed in this research. The result shows a close relation between indoor thermal performance and the outside wall materials, as well as location of rooms. And then the influence was quantified in 1-3. On this basis, defect of new rural house design is discussed, and advice is put forward to inprove its indoor thermal environment.
Limits States Analysis for Bamboo Pin Connections
Authors: Moreira Luis Eustáquio , Ghavami Khosrow
Published: July 2012

In this paper the result of an investigation using finite element model (FEM) of a simple bamboo pin joint as commonly used in many types of structures especially in plane and space structures is presented. The nonlinear pressure distributions at the contact area of a steel pin in a bamboo circular hole were analyzed considering the anisotropy and heterogeneity of the functionally graded material. In turn the obtained results of the analysis are compared with those based on simplified constitutive models assuming isotropic and homogeneous representations for bamboo. The experimental results are compared with the results obtained from both methods. The assumption of the bamboo as an orthotropic material presented more reliable design method of bamboo structures Although the different maximum forces applied in each case, local stress are relatively high on both cases, showing that this type of connection depends on local reinforcements to be a safe connection. Finally the suggestion that bamboo joints at the hole can be improved by reducing the stress concentration factors, through applying reinforcing elements such as natural fiber straps composites close to the hole.
Methodological Approaches to 3D Pore Structure Exploration in Cementitious Materials
Authors: Stroeven Piet , Le L.B Nghi , He Huan
Published: July 2012

About 6% of global CO2 emissions are due to cement production. Blending of Portland cement with a significant fraction of mineral admixture could therefore be instrumental in reducing such emissions. Use of an admixture of vegetable origin such as rice husk as will additionally contribute to waste management and its incineration produces energy. This paper will stress the importance of properly designing such blends. Preferably gap-graded concepts should be employed, since blending efficiency in terms of strength development is promoted as shown in earlier publications. The paper therefore only briefly covers these aspects. Assessment of this blending concept on durability of cementitious materials constitutes a far more complicated problem. This requires careful porosimetry. Mostly, this problem is approached by MIP or by quantitative image analysis. Both can provide 3D information, although that of MIP is generally significantly biased. Quantitative image analysis is however time-consuming and laborious, and thus expensive. Moreover, it does not provide information on continuity of pores. Present day computer facilities offer therefore a better alternative. When using a proper DEM system, the concrete can be simulated in a realistic way. The paper describes new methods for investigating the pore structure in virtual concrete and presents some data on pure cement and blended cement. Differences will have impact on durability risks.
Use of Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges to Monitor Corrosion-Induced Deterioration of Concrete
Authors: Liu Xiao Chun , Wei Jun , Wang Zhen Yu
Published: July 2012

Steel reinforcement corrosion is always one of the most significant incentives of concrete structure deterioration, especially under severe chloride erosion environment. In order to describe the whole process of concrete deterioration induced by reinforcement corrosion, the mechanism of rust expansion and crack propagation in concrete was analyzed from the perspective of elastoplastic mechanics and fracture mechanics firstly, and experimental study was carried out to use vibrating wire strain gauges for monitoring corrosion-induced concrete deterioration process. The mechanism analysis of corrosion-induced concrete deterioration indicates that the degradation process of cover concrete can be divided into aggressive medium transmission process, free corrosive expansion process, corrosive expansion stress development process, corrosive expansion crack generation and propagation process, and vibrating wire strain gauges can be used to monitor corrosion-induced cover concrete stress development, crack initiation and propagation process along with the procedure of reinforcement corrosion. The test curve seems to be generally consistent with that of the theoretic analysis, and the signals captured by vibrating wire strain gauges can successfully reflect the durability degradation process of reinforced concrete structure under severe erosion environment.
Research on Diatomite High-Performance Concrete Admixtures
Authors: Xiao Li Guang , Zhao Zhuang , Li Rui Bo , Hu Jun Jun
Published: July 2012

This test is mainly diatomaceous earth mineral admixture to study the content, calcination temperature, calcination time, grinding time on the properties of concrete, and through the use of SEM, XRD and other means of micro-theory analysis. The results showed that, after calcination or ball mill grinding, diatomaceous concrete admixture used to increase strength, improve durability of concrete. When the diatomite calcination temperature to 650 ,content is 2%, the volcanic activity to achieve the best value, the calcination time increased strength increases, strength increases flattened when the rate of more than 2h.
Determination of Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Composites Made by Pine Resin Corn Fibers and Henequen Fibers
Authors: Lam Esmeralda Uribe , Pliego María Gabriela Gutiérrez , Pérez Víctor Gerardo Martínez , Ramirez Alejandro Manzano
Published: July 2012

Flexion tests were performed (ASTM D790) for two biodegradable composites, the first one made of pine resin as matrix and henequen fibers as reinforcement, varying the percentage reinforcement. The second composite made of a matrix of cellulose obtained from a mixture of recycled paper and water and reinforced with maize bract fibers (the leaves that cover the corn cob) and infiltrated with pine resin. Five samples were evaluated for each compound in an Instron universal machine (load cell: 5 kN). For the henequen fibers and pine resin composite specimens were prepared according to standard by the method of hot casting resin, henequen fibers both short and long (127mm, 10mm) were included prior to discharge the matrix. The drying was at room temperature for 1 minute. Tests were conducted with different compositions of matrix / reinforcement by varying the amount of fiber in 26%, 20% and 14% of the specimen. The long fibers longitudinally traverse the specimen (127mm) and short fibers (10 mm) are dispersed in the mixture. The second composite is produced from corn fiber preforms and cellulose by the method of compression molding, dried in oven at 100 ° C for 2 hours. The preforms were infiltrated with pine resin by compressed air (25 psi). We analyzed the effect of corn fiber content in weight percentages of 10%, 30% and 50% with respect to cellulose and two lengths of corn fiber (22.25μm and 487 μm). Under study conditions, corn fiber generates a negative effect on the flexural strength of the compound. By increasing the fiber content of corn and its size, the bending strength decreased in almost all cases, is attributed to a lack of uniformity in the distribution of corn fibers. However, flexural strength values obtained were similar to materials such as wood, found in the literature. This projects the potential of the compound to replace, in certain applications, non-sustainable material
Processing Changes of Cement Based Composites Reinforced with Silane and Isocyanate Eucalyptus Modified Fibres
Authors: Tonoli Gustavo Henrique Denzin , Belgacem M.N. , Siqueira G. , Bras J. , Mendes Lourival M. , Lahr F.A. Rocco , Savastano Jr. H.
Published: July 2012

Fibre-cement products had been widely used in the world due to their versatility as corrugated and flat roofing materials, cladding panels and water containers presented in large number of building and agriculture applications. The main reason for incorporating fibres into the cement matrix is to improve the toughness, tensile strength, and the cracking deformation characteristics of the resultant composite. One of the drawbacks associated with cellulose fibres in cement application is their dimensional instability in the presence of changing relative humidity. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the effect of surface treatment of eucalyptus cellulose pulp fibres on the processing and dimensional changes of fibre-cement composites. Surface modification of the cellulose pulps was performed with methacryloxypropyltri-methoxysilane (MPTS), aminopropyltri-ethoxysilane (APTS) and n-octadecyl isocyanate, an aliphatic isocyanate (AI), in an attempt to improve their dimensional instability into fibre-cement composites. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the chemical changes occurred at the surface, and contact angle measurements showed the changes in the surface energy. MPTS-and AI-treated fibres presented lower hydrophilic character than untreated fibres, which led to lower water retention values (WRV). APTS increased the water retention value of the pulp and improved the capacity of hydrogen bonding of the fibres. MPTS-and AI-treated fibres led to low final water/cement ratios and reduced volume changes after pressing. MPTS-treated fibres decreased the water and dimensional instability of the fibre-cement composites, while the contrary occurred with APTS-modified and AI-modified fibres.These results are promising and contribute for new strategy to improve processing and stability of natural fibres-reinforced cement products.
Mechanical Behavior of Jute Fiber-Cement Based Composites
Authors: Carvalho L.V. , Evangelista Ana Catarina J. , Toledo Filho Romildo Dias
Published: July 2012

This study presents the results of the mechanical characterization of short jute fiber cement mortar composites. Compression, direct tension and bending tests were performed to determine the first crack, post-peak strength, toughness and fracture processes of the composites. To ensure the composite durability, the ordinary Portland cement matrix was modified by adding metakaolin to consume the calcium hydroxide generated during Portland cement hydration. The composites were produced using reinforcement ratios of 2% and 3% of short jute fiber (25 mm) in a self-compacting matrix of maximum packing. Jute plant is easy to grow in the Amazon region of Brazil where arrived in early 30s coming from Asia and represents the main economic activity of the Amazon riverine population. The tensile behavior of this high performance natural reinforcement was determined in the present study using 30 mm long fiber. Composites with high toughness, strength and multiple cracking processes under bending load were obtained when volume fractions equal to 3% were used as reinforcement.