bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Splenectomy is not associated with a higher tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity in people with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Sinha Arpan A. , Adusumilli Tanvi , Cohen Hillel W. , Nouraie Mehdi , Little Jane , Manwani Deepa
Published: July 2019

Background

Vascular complications such as pulmonary hypertension (PH) occur at an increased rate following splenectomy in patients with various hemolytic blood disorders including thalassemia. The goal of this retrospective cross‐sectional analysis was to assess the independent association of splenectomy with an elevated tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) in people with homozygous sickle cell disease (HbSS). TRV is a noninvasive screening test for PH and a surrogate marker of prognosis in sickle cell disease (SCD).

Procedure

Data were obtained from the multicenter Walk‐PHaSST (treatment of pulmonary hypertension and sickle cell disease with sildenafil therapy) study of PH (NCT00492531). We compared TRV in the cohort of patients with HbSS who were surgically splenectomized with patients who were not surgically splenectomized.

Results

We found no significant differences in TRV between the two groups.

Conclusions

The lack of difference in TRV between the two groups is most likely because members of the comparator nonsurgical group in many cases experienced autoinfarction of the spleen in childhood. Splenectomy does not seem to confer additional risk for the development of a higher TRV in HbSS, unlike in patients with thalassemia or other hemolytic anemias. This could be an important consideration when weighing the risks and benefits of splenectomy in patients with HbSS.
Thin‐wall injection molding of polypropylene using molds with different laser‐induced periodic surface structures
Authors: Masato Davide , Sorgato Marco , Batal Afif , Dimov Stefan , Lucchetta Giovanni
Published: July 2019

In injection molding, high pressure is required to completely replicate the mold geometry, due to the viscosity of thermoplastic polymers, the reduced thickness of the cavity, and the low mold temperature. The reduction of the drag required to fill a thin‐wall injection molding cavity can be promoted by inducing the strong slip of the polymer melt over the mold surface, which occurs within the first monolayer of macromolecules adsorbed at the wall. In this work, the effects of different laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) topographies on the reduction of the melt flow resistance of polypropylene were characterized. Ultrafast laser processing of the mold surface was used to manufacture nano‐scale ripples with different orientation and morphology. Moreover, the effects of those injection molding parameters that mostly affect the interaction between the mold surface and the molten polymer were evaluated. The effect of LIPSS on the slip of the polymer melt was modeled to understand the effect of the different treatments on the pressure required to fill the thin‐wall cavity. The results show that LIPPS can be used to treat injection mold surfaces to promote the onset of wall slip, thus reducing the injection pressure up to 13%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1889–1896, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Geometric analysis of dielectric failures in polyimide/silicon dioxide nanocomposites
Authors: McCaffrey Michael , Hones Harrison , Cook Jordan , Krchnavek Robert , Xue Wei
Published: July 2019

Polyimide/silicon dioxide nanocomposites were tested for their dielectric strength against nanofiller concentrations between 0% and 14%. The sol–gel process was used for in situ generation of silicon dioxide nanoparticles in a polyamic acid host matrix. Spin‐coated and imidized samples with approximately 15  μm in thickness were then subjected to dielectric breakdown measurements in accordance with ASTM standards. Results showed two distinct regimes of dielectric strength. Higher dielectric withstand capability of nearly 275 kV mm−1 was exhibited by samples with 0% and 2% silicon dioxide. Higher concentration samples were dielectrically weaker by approximately 45% at 150 kV mm−1. Broken‐down specimens were examined under optical and electron microscopes. An inverse relationship between nanoparticle concentration and breakdown perforation diameter was observed. Hole sizes decreased gradually from 140 to 40  μm as silicon dioxide content increased from 0% to 6% and ultimately settled near 30  μm with higher concentrations. The testing results, examined through failure analysis, were explained by breakdown behaviors and mechanisms at different size scales. The findings from this project, in context with previous works and theories, can help establish connections of dielectric strength, perforation diameter, and nanofiller concentration for future polymer nanocomposite research. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1897–1904, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Weibull analysis for normal/accelerated and fatigue random vibration test
Authors: Piña‐Monarrez Manuel R.
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the formula to estimate the sample size n to perform a random vibration test is derived only from the desired reliability (R(t)). Then, the addressed n value is used to design the ISO16750‐3 random vibration test IV for both normal and accelerated conditions. For the normal case, the applied random vibration stress (S) is modeled by using the Weibull stress distribution [W(s)]. Similarly, for the testing time (t), the Weibull time distribution [W(t)] is used to model its random behavior. For the accelerated case, by using the over‐stress factor fitted from the W(t) and W(s) distributions, four accelerated scenarios are formulated with their corresponding testing's profiles. Additionally, from the W(s) analysis, the stress formulation to perform the fatigue and Mohr stress analysis is given. Since the given Weibull/fatigue formulation is general, then the formulas to determine the W(s) parameters, which correspond to any principal stresses values and/or vice versa, are given. Although the application is performed to demonstrate R(t) = 0.97 by testing only n2 = 6 parts, the guidelines to use the values given in columns n, S, and t of the Weibull analysis table to generate several accelerated testing plans are given.
The Fluorescent Properties of pH‐Independent Cypridina Oxyluciferin Derivatives
Authors: Liu Qing‐Bo , Leng Yan , Huang Shao‐Jun , Liu Chun‐Xia , Yang Xi‐Kun , Ren Ai‐Min , Min Chun‐Gang
Published: July 2019

The co‐factors independent cypridina bioluminescence was often used to detect molecular oxygen. Whereas the native cypridina oxyluciferin and the majority analogues only emit blue light, it limits the application of the cypridina oxyluciferin derivative in detection active oxygen species. To overcome these limitations, we design two series of oxyluciferin derivatives: 2‐acetamido‐5‐aryl‐3‐(p‐trifluoromethylphenyl)pyrazine and 2‐acetamido‐5‐aryl‐3‐(p‐methoxylphenyl)pyrazine. The results found that the fluorescence emissions of the cypridina oxyluciferin derivatives cover the whole region of visible light. Especially, 2‐acetamido‐5‐(trans‐2,3,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H,5H‐benzo[i,j]quinolizine‐ethenyl)‐3‐(p‐trifluoromethyl phenyl)pyrazine (1 h) can emit red light. By comparison of the emission spectra and oscillator strengths, it found that electron‐donating group in C3 position contributed to blue shift wavelength and improve luminous efficiency. The increasing conjugated length by introducing a conjugated double bond made the emission spectra shift to red and the luminescence strengths much stronger. Moreover, the analysis of the relative stabilities at the ground and excited states indicates that neutral forms, not amide ions, are dominant at physiological pH.
Perils, pitfalls and potential for the use of reporting guidelines in experimental research in medical education
Authors: Moult Alice , Yeates Peter
Published: July 2019

None
Why IIoT should make businesses rethink security
Authors: Herbert Sean
Published: July 2019

Companies of all sizes are revolutionising the way modern businesses operate by taking advantage of embedded sensors and cloud computing, making it possible for machines, industrial plants, factories and even construction sites to be connected as part of Industry 4.0. But the practice of securing technology and protecting networks from cybercrime has become increasingly difficult, as demonstrated by the catastrophic threats posed by cyber attacks on nuclear power plants across the US and power grids in the UK energy sector in 2017.

Companies of all sizes are revolutionising the way modern businesses operate by taking advantage of embedded sensors and cloud computing. But securing technology and protecting networks has become increasingly difficult.

Businesses urgently need holistic solutions that create transparency and traceability at a technical and organisational level. With more-complex IT infrastructures spanning thousands of endpoints, automation has become essential to streamline the detection and patching of vulnerabilities in a timely manner by making sure that every application is fully patched against that specific bug quickly and effectively, argues Sean Herbert of Baramundi.
HERODOTUS 6.105.2
Authors: Paolillo Davide
Published: July 2019

This is the text of Hdt. 6.105.1–2, as printed by the most recent editors, Wilson and Hornblower–Pelling:

καὶ πρῶτα μὲν ἐόντες ἔτι ἐν τῷ ἄστεϊ οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἀποπέμπουσι ἐς Σπάρτην κήρυκα Φιλιππίδην, Ἀθηναῖον μὲν ἄνδρα, ἄλλως δὲ ἡμεροδρόμην τε καὶ τοῦτο μελετῶντα· τῷ δή, ὡς αὐτός γε ἔλεγε Φιλιππίδης καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι ἀπήγγελλε, περὶ τὸ Παρθένιον ὄρος τὸ ὑπὲρ Τεγέης ὁ Πὰν περιπίπτει· βώσαντα δὲ τὸ οὔνομα τοῦ Φιλιππίδεω τὸν ΠᾶναἈθηναίους κελεῦσαι ἐπειρωτῆσαι, δι᾽ ὅ τι ἑωυτοῦ οὐδεμίαν ἐπιμελείαν ποιεῦνται, ἐόντος εὐνόου Ἀθηναίοισι καὶ πολλαχῇ γενομένου σφι ἤδη χρηστοῦ, τὰ δ᾽ ἔτι καὶ ἐσομένου.

MSSἈθηναίοισι … ἀπαγγεῖλαιWilsonἈθηναίους … ἐπειρωτῆσαι
Using a Journal Club Series to Introduce Paramedic Students to Research Fundamentals and Critical Appraisal of Medical Literature
Authors: Maloney Lauren M. , Marshall Robert Trevor , Werfel Paul A. , Johnson Scott E.
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Despite United States national learning objectives referencing research fundamentals and the critical appraisal of medical literature, many paramedic programs are not meeting these objectives with substantive content.

Problem:

The objective was to develop and implement a journal club educational module for paramedic training programs, which is all-inclusive and could be distributed to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) educators and EMS medical directors to use as a framework to adapt to their program.

Methods:

Four two-hour long journal club sessions were designed. First, the educator provided students with four types of articles on a student-chosen topic and discussed differences in methodology and structures. Next, after a lecture about peer-review, students used search engines to verify references of a trade magazine article. Third, the educator gave a statistics lecture and critiqued the results section of several articles found by students on a topic. Finally, students found an article on a topic of personal interest and presented it to their classmates, as if telling their paramedic partner about it at work. Before and after the series, students from two cohorts (2017, 2018) completed a survey with questions about demographics and perceptions of research. Students from one cohort (2017) received a follow-up survey one year later.

Results:

For the 2016 cohort, 13 students participated and provided qualitative feedback. For the 2017 and 2018 cohorts, 33 students participated. After the series, there was an increased self-reported ability to find, evaluate, and apply medical research articles, as well as overall positive trending opinions of participating in and the importance of prehospital research. This ability was demonstrated by every student during the final journal club session. McNemar’s and Related-Samples Cochran’s Q testing of questionnaire responses suggested a statistically significant improvement in student approval of exceptions from informed consent.

Conclusion:

The framework for this paramedic journal club series could be adapted by EMS educators and medical directors to enable paramedics to search for, critically appraise, and discuss the findings of medical literature.
HETEROGENEITY IN WAGE SETTING BEHAVIOR IN A NEW-KEYNESIAN MODEL
Authors: Eijffinger Sylvester C. W. , Grajales-Olarte Anderson , Uras Burak R.
Published: July 2019

In this paper we estimate a New-Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (NK DSGE) model with heterogeneity in price and wage setting behavior. In a recent study, Coibion and Gorodnichenko develop a DSGE model, in which firms follow four different types of price setting schemes: sticky prices, sticky information, rule-of-thumb, or flexible prices. We enrich Coibion and Gorodnichenko framework by incorporating heterogeneity in nominal wage setting behavior among households. We solve this DSGE model and estimate it using Bayesian techniques for the US economy from 1955 to 2008. The estimation results show the relevance of heterogeneity in wage setting among households. More importantly, we identify qualitative and quantitative business cycle features allowed by the heterogeneity in wage rigidity, such as the persistence in price and wage inflation, which a standard NK model with only Calvo-type wage rigidity fails to achieve. We also show that modeling wage-rigidity heterogeneity—as opposed to standard Calvo wages—amplifies the macroeconomic output fluctuations resulting from a technology shock while it mitigates the output fluctuations following a monetary tightening.
Progress and Planning in Understanding Ocean Acidification
Authors: Newton Jan , Chai Fei , Dai Minhan
Published: July 2019

The 4th Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) International Workshop; Hangzhou, China, 14–17 April 2019
Signatures of structural differences in Pt–P- and Pd–P-based bulk glass-forming liquids
Authors: Gross Oliver , Neuber Nico , Kuball Alexander , Bochtler Benedikt , Hechler Simon , Frey Maximilian , Busch Ralf
Published: July 2019

The structural differences between the compositionally related Pt–P- and Pd–P-based bulk glass-forming liquids are investigated in synchrotron X-ray scattering experiments. Although Pt and Pd are considered to be topologically equivalent in structural models, we show that drastic changes in the total structure factor and in the reduced pair distribution function are observed upon gradual substitution. These variations indicate the existence of significant structural differences on the short- (SRO) and medium-range order (MRO) length scale. The structural data suggest that the distribution of the dominant polyhedra and the distribution of their connection schemes gradually change from Pt–P- to Pd–P-based alloys, which is likely connected to the different sensitivities to annealing or cooling rate induced embrittlement. The evolution of the total structure factor and the reduced pair distribution function with increasing temperature indicate the (partial) dissolution of both, the MRO and the SRO, which reflects the thermodynamic properties of the liquids.
In situ photoacoustic imaging of cysteine to reveal the mechanism of limited GSH synthesis in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Yixin , Yang Yuyun , He Zixu , Wu Chuanchen , Zhang Wei , Zhang Wen , Liu Ju , Li Ping , Tang Bo
Published: July 2019

In situ photoacoustic imaging of cysteine to reveal the mechanism of limited GSH synthesis in pulmonary fibrosis.
Pseudodiborenes: hydride-bridged diboranes(5) as two-electron reductants of chalcogens
Authors: Prieschl Dominic , Dietz Maximilian , Muessig Jonas H. , Wagner Katharina , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger
Published: July 2019

Two neutral, hydride-bridged diboranes(5) were found to serve as two-electron reductants of chalcogens and thereby mimics of B–B multiply bound species.
Nanobiohybrids: a new concept for metal nanoparticles synthesis
Authors: Palomo Jose M.
Published: July 2019

This review summarizes the advances in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles induced by enzymes and the applications of these so-called nanobiohybrids.
Ultra-high selectivity pulsed plasmachemical deposition reaction pathways
Authors: Carletto Andrea , Badyal Jas Pal S.
Published: July 2019

High selectivity chemical reaction pathways can be attained by using low duty cycle pulsed electrical discharges.
The local electron attachment energy and the electrostatic potential as descriptors of surface–adsorbate interactions
Authors: Halldin Stenlid Joakim , Johansson Adam Johannes , Brinck Tore
Published: July 2019

Local DFT-based properties are used for fast rationalization and accurate estimations of local surface reactivity of metal and oxide compounds.
A new strategy to generate super and hyper acids with simple organic molecules exploiting σ-hole interaction
Authors: Saha Anusuya , Si Mrinal Kanti , Ganguly Bishwajit
Published: July 2019

A new strategy can lead to comparable 1st and 2nd ΔHacidvalues with simple organic acids exploiting σ-hole interaction.
Electrochemical N-acylation synthesis of amides under aqueous conditions
Authors: Ke Fang , Xu Yiwen , Zhu Suning , Lin Xiaoyan , Lin Chen , Zhou Sunying , Su Huimin
Published: July 2019

An electrochemical N-acylation of carboxylic acids with amines was reported.
Study on carbon-induced signal enhancement in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: an approach from the spatial distribution of analyte signal intensities
Authors: Ariga Tomoko , Zhu Yanbei , Inagaki Kazumi
Published: July 2019

This study proposed a novel approach for quantifying carbon-induced signal enhancement in ICP-MS considering the spatial distribution of analyte signal intensities.
One step in situ synthesis of ZnS/N and S co-doped carbon composites via salt templating for lithium-ion battery applications
Authors: Ikram Sadaf , Müller Marcus , Dsoke Sonia , Rana Usman Ali , Sarapulova Angelina , Bauer Werner , Siddiqi Humaira M. , Szabó Dorothée Vinga
Published: July 2019

A eutectic salt mixture (LiCl/ZnCl2) as a template plays a dual role by rendering sufficient surface area and a source of Zn2+ for in situ formation of ZnS. The resulting composites as an anode exhibit superior performance compared to pure ZnS.
Effect of counter cations on the photochromic behaviors of three Zn–viologen complexes
Authors: Liu Jinjian , Li Jing , Lu Wenbo
Published: July 2019

Similar viologen cations, regular change in acceptor moieties and photochromism provide an ideal model for elucidating D–A matching rules.
BaMnSnS4 and BaCdGeS4: infrared nonlinear optical sulfides containing highly distorted motifs with centers of moderate electronegativity
Authors: Lin Yang-Jie , Ye Run , Yang Long-Qi , Jiang Xiao-Ming , Liu Bin-Wen , Zeng Hui-Yi , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: July 2019

IR NLO sulfides BaMnSnS4 and BaCdGeS4 exhibit significant SHG efficiencies (1.2 and 0.3AgGaS2) with phase-matching behavior and high laser-induced damage thresholds (10 and 13AgGaS2).
Pressure-induced reversible framework rearrangement and increased polarization in the polar [NH4][Cd(HCOO)3] hybrid perovskite
Authors: Bermúdez-García Juan Manuel , García-Fernández Alberto , Andrada-Chacón Adrián , Sánchez-Benítez Javier , Ren Wei , Hu Shunbo , Gu Teng , Xiang Hongjun , Biczysko Malgorzata , Castro-García Socorro , Sánchez-Andújar Manuel , Stroppa Alessandro , Señarís-Rodríguez María Antonia
Published: July 2019

The polar [NH4][Cd(HCOO)3] hybrid perovskite displays an unprecedented structural arrangement and an electric polarization enhancement under applied pressure.
TFA-promoted sulfonation/cascade cyclization of 2-propynolphenols with sodium sulfinates to 4-sulfonyl 2H-chromenes under metal-free conditions
Authors: Yang Tao , Kou Peihao , Jin Fengyan , Song Xian-Rong , Bai Jiang , Ding Haixin , Xiao Qiang , Liang Yong-Min
Published: July 2019

A novel, efficient and metal-free cascade sulfonylation/cyclization of 2-propynolphenols with commercially available sodium sulfinates was developed for the synthesis of 4-sulfonyl 2H-chromenes under mild conditions.
Operative versus nicht operative Behandlung von lumbaler
Spinalkanalstenose
Authors: Ferber-Busse Birgit
Published: July 2019

Zaina F, Tomkin-Lane C, Carrage E et al. Spine 2016; 41: E857–868. doi:
10.1097/BRS.0000000000001635
Wenn das Sternum gespalten war – Physiotherapie nach offener Thorax-OP
Authors: Herz Mona
Published: July 2019

Obwohl minimalinvasive Eingriffe seit Jahrzehnten auf dem Vormarsch sind, gibt es nach wie vor Krankheitsbilder, bei denen eine Sternotomie indiziert ist. Dabei durchtrennt der Operateur muskuläre und knöcherne Strukturen, die postoperativ für eine einwandfreie Wundheilung auch physiotherapeutisch besondere Maßnahmen erfordern.
Beachtliche Beule – Red Flags erkennen
Authors: Zalpour Christoff , von Piekartz Harry
Published: July 2019

Ludwig ist irritiert. Auf seiner rechten Schulter hat sich eine sichtbare Beule entwickelt, die vor allem am Schreibtisch Schmerzen auslöst. Seinem Hobby, dem Kickboxen, kann er glücklicherweise noch nachgehen. Da die Beule weiter wächst und ihn seine Freundin darauf aufmerksam macht, dass er seinen Kopf schief hält, geht er zum Arzt und schließlich zu Physiotherapeut Prof. Dr. Harry von Piekartz.
Geräuschhafter Kiefer – Kiefergeräusche klassifizieren
Authors: Bartrow Kay
Published: July 2019

Kiefergeräusche richtig zu interpretieren kann knifflig sein. Kieferexperte Kay Bartrow stellt den Befund vor. Zudem gibt es für alle Abonennten eine Checkliste zum Download, wie man Zahnarztverordnungen richtig abrechnet.
Therapie des Antiphosphoplidsyndrom (APS) mit
DOAK
Authors: Bauersachs R. , Schellong S. , Stücker M. , Oldenburg J. , Kalka C. , Scholz U. , Lindhoff-Last E.
Published: July 2019

Das Antiphospholipid-Syndrom ist eine der schwerwiegendsten thrombophilen
Störungen, die nicht nur zu rezidivierenden venösen, sondern auch zu arteriellen
Thromboembolien sowie Schwangerschaftskomplikationen führen kann. Zusammen mit
dem klinischen Bild ist das APS durch spezifische Laborbefunde charakterisiert:
1. Lupus Antikoagulans (LA), 2. Anticardiolipin-Antikörper (ACA), 3.
β2-Glykoprotein I-Antikörper (β2GPI-AK). Alle Testergebnisse müssen nach 12
Wochen bestätigt werden. Sind alle drei Testgruppen positiv, besteht das höchste
thrombotische Risiko. Beachtet werden muss, dass LA-Tests unter UFH, VKA oder
DOAKs falsch positiv ausfallen können; bei DOAKs scheint die Zugabe von
Absorbern nach Blutentnahme zuverlässige Ergebnisse zu liefern.

Eine Vergleichsstudie (TRAPS) zwischen VKA und dem DOAK Rivaroxaban mit
ausschliesslich 3-fach positiven Hochrisiko-Patienten wurde vorzeitig
abgebrochen, wegen erhöhter Ereignisraten unter Rivaroxaban [19 % zumeist
arterielle Ereignisse versus 3 % unter Warfarin (HR 7.4; 1.7–32.9)]. Ein
daraufhin herausgegebener Rote-Hand-Brief warnt vor der Anwendung von DOAKs bei
Patienten mit APS, insbesondere bei Hoch-Risiko- (3-fach positiven) Patienten,
und empfiehlt die Überprüfung einer laufenden DOAK-Therapie und eine mögliche
Umstellung auf VKA, insbesondere bei Hoch-Risiko-Patienten. Als Fazit soll 1.
bei klinischem Verdacht eine sorgfältige APS-Diagnostik erfolgen. Viele
Patienten haben aufgrund von inadäquater Diagnostik wahrscheinlich gar kein APS
und können bei venöser Thromboembolie adäquat ein DOAK erhalten.

2. Bei einfach- oder zweifach-positiven Antiphospholipid-AK Tests ohne LA besteht
ein vergleichbar niedriges Thromboserisiko; auch hier kann möglicherweise
ebenfalls mit DOAKs behandelt werden, wenn venöse Thrombosen vorliegen –
ausreichende Daten liegen noch nicht vor, aber Metaanalysen legen dies nahe. 3.
Patienten mit Positivität in allen 3 APS-Tests und APS-Patienten mit arteriellen
Thromboembolien haben ein sehr hohes Risiko. Die TRAPS-Studie zeigt, dass diese
Patienten nicht mit DOAKs, sondern mit einem VKA behandelt werden sollen.
Crizotinib-Associated Renal Cysts: A Case Series
Authors: Suman Garima , Patra Anurima , Janu Amit , Baheti Akshay
Published: July 2019

Crizotinib is an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, used as a targeted chemotherapeutic agent in ALK-positive cases of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Although uncommon, it may be associated with the formation of new renal cysts, which may be simple or complex, or the enlargement of preexisting simple renal cysts or their transformation into complex cysts. These cysts usually regress partially or completely but may rarely enlarge over time or get complicated by infection or abscess formation. Such cases may even require dose reduction or withholding crizotinib. Although documented in clinical literature, this entity is not well known among radiologists. Knowledge of this entity helps in preventing erroneous diagnosis of the new kidney “lesion” as metastasis or disease progression and avoids an unnecessary biopsy. We describe a series of four cases which developed complex renal cysts during treatment with crizotinib to demonstrate this point.
A chaos to chaos control approach for controlling the chaotic dynamical systems using Hamilton energy feedback and fuzzy-logic system
Authors: Reza Ahrabi Atike , Kobravi Hamid Reza
Published: July 2019

In this article, energy-based feedback control is introduced merely as an approach to suppress chaos. We have also shown in this study that an energy-based feedback controller is capable of changing a chaotic dynamic to other chaotic dynamics. In other words, energy feedback can also be used to convert chaos dynamics to another chaos dynamics, and the use of energy feedback should not be limited to suppress chaos. The importance of the issue lies in relating some practical applications of chaos to chaos control. In this short study, we have shown that an energy feedback control can be combined with a fuzzy self-regulating gain system. A short study has been done on Chua's circuit.
Analytical formulation for radiation characteristics of a surface wave sustained plasma antenna
Authors: Naito T. , Sakai O.
Published: July 2019

This paper reports the analytical formulation of a surface wave sustained plasma antenna based on the antenna theory and the theory for a surface wave sustained plasma. The antenna (tube) structure is a basic quarter-wavelength monopole antenna, comparable to a wavelength of a surface wave. The theory for a surface wave sustained plasma in a semi-infinitely long tube is extended to a finite length plasma. The electron density distribution is calculated based on the extended theory, and antenna characteristics are obtained from the electron density distribution. The analytical results obtained from the formulation show good agreement with the numerical results. The electron density in the finite length tube depends on the existence of the interference between forward- and backward-traveling waves and the boundary condition at the tube end. The electron density distribution is determined based on the balance between the forward- and backward-traveling waves. In the case that the plasma does not reach the tube end, which is equivalent to the case of a semi-infinitely long tube, the antenna gain is constant at a low value due to high plasma resistance and low radiation resistance, without the propagation of the backward-traveling wave. Once the plasma reaches the tube end, due to the coexistence of the forward- and backward-traveling waves with their interference, the electron density is elevated fairly beyond the critical density for sustaining surface wave propagation. Consequently, the antenna gain increases with the synergistic effect of the decrease in plasma resistance and the increase in radiation resistance, and the surface wave sustained plasma works as an antenna.
Fully a priori prediction of the vapor-liquid equilibria of Ar, Kr, and Xe from ab initio two-body plus three-body interatomic potentials
Authors: Deiters Ulrich K. , Sadus Richard J.
Published: July 2019

Fully a priori predictions are reported for the vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) properties of Ar, Kr, and Xe using molecular simulation techniques and recently developed ab initio two-body interatomic potentials. Simulation data are reported at temperatures from near the triple point to close to the critical point. The two-body ab initio potentials exaggerate the size of the experimental VLE temperature-density envelope, overestimating the critical temperature and underestimating the vapor pressure. These deficiencies can be partially rectified by the addition of a density-dependent three-body term. At many temperatures, the ab initio + three-body simulations for Kr and Xe predict the vapor pressure to an accuracy that is close to experimental uncertainty. The predicted VLE coexisting densities for Xe almost match experimental data. The improvement with experiment is also reflected in more accurate enthalpies of vaporization. The fully a priori predictions for all of the VLE properties of either Kr or Xe are noticeably superior to simulations using the Lennard-Jones potential.
The generalized Boltzmann distribution is the only distribution in which the Gibbs-Shannon entropy equals the thermodynamic entropy
Authors: Gao Xiang , Gallicchio Emilio , Roitberg Adrian E.
Published: July 2019

We show that the generalized Boltzmann distribution is the only distribution for which the Gibbs-Shannon entropy equals the thermodynamic entropy. This result means that the thermodynamic entropy and the Gibbs-Shannon entropy are not generally equal, but rather the equality holds only in the special case where a system is in equilibrium with a reservoir.
Aerosol dielectric coatings found to significantly reduce effects of ablation on metallic surfaces
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: July 2019

A spray-painted coating as thin as 30 microns can help warm dense matter samples undergo uniform magnetic compression.
Designing artificial light harvesters with antennas
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: July 2019

Studies of a computational model of a solar cell involving a bridge molecule connecting the donor and acceptor molecules reveals pulsed laser light can enhance product formation.
Rural youth in distress? Youth self-harm presentations to a rural hospital over 10 years
Authors: Ferguson Isobel , Moor Stephanie , Frampton Chris , Withington Steve
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT IntroductionDespite growing awareness of increasing rates of youth suicide and self-harm in New Zealand, there is still little known about self-harm among rural youth. AimThis study compared: (1) rates of youth self-harm presentations between a rural emergency department (ED) and nationally available rates; and (2) local and national youth suicide rates over the decade from January 2008 to December 2017. MethodsData were requested on all presentations to Ashburton Hospital ED coded for ‘self-harm’ for patients aged 15–24 years. Comparative data were obtained from the coroner, Ministry of Health and the 2013 census. Analyses were conducted of the effects of age, time, repetition, method, ethnicity and contact with mental health services on corresponding suicide rates. ResultsSelf-harm rates in Ashburton rose in the post-earthquake period (2013–17). During the peri-earthquake period (2008–12), non-Māori rates of self-harm were higher than for Māori (527 vs 116 per 100000 youth respectively), reflecting the national trend. In the post-earthquake period, although non-Māori rates of self-harm stayed stable (595 per 100000), there was a significant increase in Māori rates of self-harm to 1106 per 100000 (Chi-squared = 14.0, P < 0.001). Youth living within the Ashburton township showed higher rates than youth living more rurally. DiscussionYouth self-harm behaviours, especially self-poisoning, have increased since the Canterbury earthquakes in the Ashburton rural community. Of most concern was the almost ninefold increase in Māori self-harm presentations in recent years, along with the increasing prevalence among teenagers and females. Possible explanations and further exploratory investigation strategies are discussed.
Dendritic spine geometry and spine apparatus organization govern the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium
Authors: Bell Miriam , Bartol Tom , Sejnowski Terrence , Rangamani Padmini
Published: July 2019

Dendritic spines are small subcompartments that protrude from the dendrites of neurons and are important for signaling activity and synaptic communication. These subcompartments have been characterized to have different shapes. While it is known that these shapes are associated with spine function, the specific nature of these shape–function relationships is not well understood. In this work, we systematically investigated the relationship between the shape and size of both the spine head and spine apparatus, a specialized endoplasmic reticulum compartment within the spine head, in modulating rapid calcium dynamics using mathematical modeling. We developed a spatial multicompartment reaction–diffusion model of calcium dynamics in three dimensions with various flux sources, including N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs), and different ion pumps on the plasma membrane. Using this model, we make several important predictions. First, the volume to surface area ratio of the spine regulates calcium dynamics. Second, membrane fluxes impact calcium dynamics temporally and spatially in a nonlinear fashion. Finally, the spine apparatus can act as a physical buffer for calcium by acting as a sink and rescaling the calcium concentration. These predictions set the stage for future experimental investigations of calcium dynamics in dendritic spines.
The Value of Completeness: How Mendeleev Used His Periodic System to Make Predictions
Authors: Pulkkinen Karoliina
Published: July 2019

Dmitrii Mendeleev’s periodic system is known for its predictive accuracy, but talk of its completeness is rarer. This is surprising because completeness (polnost’) was a quality that Mendeleev saw as important for a systematization of the chemical elements. Here, I explain how Mendeleev’s valuing of completeness influenced the development of his periodic system. After introducing five indicators of its completeness, I zoom into one in particular: Mendeleev’s inclusion of a schematic row of oxides. I then show how it guided Mendeleev’s predictions of indium and ekaboron, which suggests that the valuing of completeness was instrumental for making predictions.
A Tale of Two Individuality Accounts and Integrative Pluralism
Authors: Şencan Sinan
Published: July 2019

This article focuses on recent discussions about holobionts and evolutionary individuality to evaluate the merits of integrative pluralism. I argue that integrative pluralism is the wrong approach to take when it comes to holobiont research because integrative pluralism is not liberal enough to accommodate both single-species and multispecies individuals. I conclude by suggesting two points. First, a pluralistic view helps us better understand holobiont research. Second, the case of holobionts helps us develop a better account of scientific pluralism.
Mendeleev: Lomonosov 2.0
Authors: Shiltsev Vladimir
Published: July 2019

In response to Robert P Crease’s feature “An unelementary affair” (January 2019 pp27–31), in which he talks about why Dmitri Mendeleev’s 150-year-old periodic table is the one most familiar to us today, despite there being more than a thousand different versions created since.
Across the universe
Authors: Brobby Melissa
Published: July 2019

Paul Parsons' The Beginning and the End of Everything: From the Big Bang to the End of the Universe is not so much a book, but a guided tour from the beginning to the present and on to the sobering end of the universe as we currently understand it.
First black hole images unveiled
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: July 2019

The Event Horizon Telescope has taken the first-ever images of a black hole, a breakthrough that lets astronomers study the event horizon of supermassive black holes. Michael Banks reports
Geometry of logarithmic forms and deformations of complex structures
Authors: Liu Kefeng , Rao Sheng , Wan Xueyuan
Published: July 2019

We present a new method to solve certain

∂
¯

\bar \partial

-equations for logarithmic differential forms by using harmonic integral theory for currents on Kähler manifolds. The result can be considered as a

∂

∂
¯

\partial \bar \partial

-lemma for logarithmic forms. As applications, we generalize the result of Deligne about closedness of logarithmic forms, give geometric and simpler proofs of Deligne’s degeneracy theorem for the logarithmic Hodge to de Rham spectral sequences at

E
1

E_1

-level, as well as a certain injectivity theorem on compact Kähler manifolds.

Furthermore, for a family of logarithmic deformations of complex structures on Kähler manifolds, we construct the extension for any logarithmic

(
n
,
q
)

(n,q)

-form on the central fiber and thus deduce the local stability of log Calabi-Yau structure by extending an iteration method to the logarithmic forms. Finally we prove the unobstructedness of the deformations of a log Calabi-Yau pair and a pair on a Calabi-Yau manifold by the differential geometric method.
Palaeomagnetism of Late Triassic volcanic rocks from the western margin of Khorat Basin, Thailand and its implication for ambiguous inclination shallowing in Mesozoic sediments of Indochina
Authors: Yan Yonggang , Zhao Qian , Zhang Donghai , Charusiri Punya , Huang Baochun , Zhang Peizhen
Published: July 2019

Palaeomagnetic constraints are essential factors in the reconstruction of the Mesozoic convergence of Eastern Asia blocks. As one of the key blocks, Indochina was constrained only by sedimentary-rocks-derived palaeomagnetic data. To evaluate whether the palaeomagnetic data used to restore the Late Triassic position of Indochina suffered inclination shallowing effects, we conducted a palaeomagnetic and geochronologic study on a coeval volcanic clastic rocks sequence in the western margin of the Khorat Basin, Thailand. The U-Pb SIMS dating on zircons indicates the age of the sampling section is between 205.1 ± 1.5 and 204.7 ± 1.4 Ma. Site mean directions are Dg/Ig = 217.2°/−39.4° (κg = 45.1, α95g = 10.1°) before and Ds/Is = 209.2°/−44.5° (κs = 43.8, α95s = 10.2°) after tilt correction. The new data set indicates a positive reversal test result at ‘Category C’ level. The characteristic remanent magnetization recorded by the coexistent magnetite and hematite is interpreted to be primary remanence acquired during the initial cooling of the volcanic clastic rocks. The consistence of the corresponding palaeolatitudes derived from the volcanic clastic rocks and the former reported sedimentary rocks suggests that there is probably no significant inclination shallowing bias in the sedimentary-rocks-derived palaeomagnetic data. Therefore, the estimates of the Late Triassic position of Indochina are confirmed to be reliable. The Indochina Block had collided to the southern margin of Eurasia by the Late Triassic and played an important role in the Mesozoic convergence of the Eastern Asia blocks.
ICSID’s Relevance for Africa: A Symbiotic Bond Beyond Time
Authors: Abdel Wahab Prof Dr Mohamed S
Published: July 2019

Africa's human, natural and legal diversity and wealth have always positioned the Continent as a desired investment destination. Historically, Africa contributed in shaping the ISDS system, and since the turn of the 21st Century, the Continent is witnessing considerable economic growth and is attracting many investors from around the world and especially China, which strengthens Africa's integration in the global economy. The past decade has also witnessed an increase in the number of BITs signed by African States, as well as in the number of investment legislations enacted and modernized. This article addresses the increase of investment in the African Continent, the new Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its potential for investments in the African Continent, sheds light on the status quo of the African arbitration landscape, provides an overview of the ICSID-Africa symbiotic relationship, emphasizes the uniqueness of the ICSID system in offering adequate dispute resolution schemes for investment disputes involving African parties and concludes by offering some concluding remarks and observations on the future of arbitration on the African Continent.
Genomic investigation of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from Gambian women and newborns following an oral dose of intra-partum azithromycin
Authors: Bojang Abdoulie , Baines Sarah L , Donovan Liam , Guerillot Romain , Stevens Kerrie , Higgs Charlie , Bottomley Christian , Secka Ousman , Schultz Mark B , Gonçalves da Silva Anders , Seemann Torsten , Stinear Timothy P , Roca Anna , Howden Benjamin P
Published: July 2019

Background

Oral azithromycin given during labour reduces carriage of bacteria responsible for neonatal sepsis, including Staphylococcus aureus. However, there is concern that this may promote drug resistance.

Objectives

Here, we combine genomic and epidemiological data on S. aureus isolated from mothers and babies in a randomized intra-partum azithromycin trial (PregnAnZI) to describe bacterial population dynamics and resistance mechanisms.

Methods

Participants from both arms of the trial, who carried S. aureus in day 3 and day 28 samples post-intervention, were included. Sixty-six S. aureus isolates (from 7 mothers and 10 babies) underwent comparative genome analyses and the data were then combined with epidemiological data. Trial registration (main trial): ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01800942.

Results

Seven S. aureus STs were identified, with ST5 dominant (n = 40, 61.0%), followed by ST15 (n = 11, 17.0%). ST5 predominated in the placebo arm (73.0% versus 49.0%, P = 0.039) and ST15 in the azithromycin arm (27.0% versus 6.0%, P = 0.022). In azithromycin-resistant isolates, msr(A) was the main macrolide resistance gene (n = 36, 80%). Ten study participants, from both trial arms, acquired azithromycin-resistant S. aureus after initially harbouring a susceptible isolate. In nine (90%) of these cases, the acquired clone was an msr(A)-containing ST5 S. aureus. Long-read sequencing demonstrated that in ST5, msr(A) was found on an MDR plasmid.

Conclusions

Our data reveal in this Gambian population the presence of a dominant clone of S. aureus harbouring plasmid-encoded azithromycin resistance, which was acquired by participants in both arms of the study. Understanding these resistance dynamics is crucial to defining the public health drug resistance impacts of azithromycin prophylaxis given during labour in Africa.
High temperature causes breakdown of S haplotype-dependent stigmatic self-incompatibility in self-incompatible Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yamamoto Masaya , Nishimura Kenji , Kitashiba Hiroyasu , Sakamoto Wataru , Nishio Takeshi
Published: July 2019

High temperature disrupts the targeting of SRK to the plasma membrane, resulting in breakdown of the stigmatic self-incompatibility response in self-incompatible Arabidopsis transformants.
A 5-Year Continued Follow-up of Cancer Risk and All-Cause Mortality Among Norwegian Military Peacekeepers Deployed to Kosovo During 1999–2016
Authors: Strand Leif Aage , Martinsen Jan Ivar , Borud Einar Kristian
Published: July 2019

Introduction

In 2012, Norwegian news media reported on cases of brain cancer among Norwegian peacekeeping troops who served in Kosovo, allegedly caused by exposure to depleted uranium fired during airstrikes before the peacekeepers arrived in 1999. A first study followed 6076 military men and women with peacekeeping service in Kosovo during 1999–2011 for cancers and deaths throughout 2011. The study did not support to the idea that peacekeeping service in Kosovo could lead to increased risk of brain cancer or other cancers. However, the average time of follow-up (10.6 years) was rather short for cancer development; therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate cancer risk and general mortality in an updated cohort after 5 years of additional follow-up.

Materials and Methods

The updated cohort consisted of 6,159 peacekeepers (5,884 men and 275 women) who served in Kosovo during 1999–2016 and were followed for cancer incidence and mortality from all causes combined throughout 2016. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) from national population rates. Poisson regression was used to assess the effect of length of service (<1 year vs. ≥1 year) on cancer risk.

Results

We observed 149 cancer cases and 75 deaths in the updated cohort. Observed cancer incidence did not exceed national rates. In men, the SIR for brain cancer was 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–1.44), based on eight cases, while the risk of colon cancer was lowered (SIR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.00–0.79). The Poisson regression showed no effect of service duration on all-site cancer incidence. Mortality from all causes combined was lower than expected (SMR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.49–0.78) and in accordance with a “healthy soldier effect”.

Conclusion

The extended follow-up did not give support to the suggestion that peacekeeping service in Kosovo could lead to increased risk of cancer.
3D MHD simulations and synthetic radio emission from an oblique rotating magnetic massive star
Authors: Daley-Yates S , Stevens I R , ud-Doula A
Published: July 2019

We have performed 3D isothermal MHD simulation of a magnetic rotating massive star with a non-zero dipole obliquity and predicted the radio/sub-mm observable light curves and continuum spectra for a frequency range compatible with ALMA. From these results we also compare the model input mass-loss to that calculated from the synthetic thermal emission. Spherical and cylindrical symmetry is broken due to the obliquity of the stellar magnetic dipole resulting in an inclination and phase dependence of both the spectral flux and inferred mass-loss rate, providing testable predictions of variability for oblique rotator. Both quantities vary by factors between 2 and 3 over a full rotational period of the star, demonstrating that the role of rotation as critical in understanding the emission. This illustrates the divergence from a symmetric wind, resulting in a two-armed spiral structure indicative of an oblique magnetic rotator. We show that a constant spectral index, α, model agrees well with our numerical prediction for a spherical wind for ν < 103 GHz; however it is unable to capture the behaviour of emission at ν > 103 GHz. As such we caution the use of such constant α models for predicting emission from non-spherical winds such as those which form around magnetic massive stars.
β Pictoris: observations of the Ca ii H&K absorptions in 1997 and 1998
Authors: Tobin William , Barnes Stuart I , Persson Stephen , Pollard Karen R
Published: July 2019

We present spectroscopy with resolution R ∼ 33 000 of the circumstellar Ca ii H&K absorptions in the star β Pictoris during 1997 and 1998. From 1997 April onwards, both lines were observed simultaneously. A total of 688 spectra were obtained over 95 nights in order to characterize the lines’ behaviour. Near-continuous Falling Evaporating Body (FEB) variable absorption activity was seen, including additional strong, blueshifted features besides the one on 1997 June 19–20 already reported by others. Temporal coverage is more even than in the HARPS spectra from 2004–11 that have been analysed for FEB orbital parameters via a model of FEB evaporation. Our observations likely encompass the 1997–98 Hill-sphere transit by β Pic b, but we have found no clear signature of transiting material. Lower velocity FEB absorptions tend to be deeper, narrower and longer lived, in confirmation of earlier studies. The ratio of line strengths for one absorption on 1998 November 27 is evocative of the variations expected for a single FEB making a transit perpendicular to the stellar rotation axis. Analysis with the evaporation model produces similar distributions of orbital parameters to those obtained from the HARPS observations, but when the derived orbital parameters are fed into a model based solely on gravitational dynamics of point masses, the predicted FEB accelerations do not agree with observed values. More sophisticated modelling is called for. There is no convincing intrinsic variation in the central circumstellar absorption such as might be expected if an H i ring is responsible for the confinement of circumstellar Ca+ ions. Our observations are available electronically for further analysis by others.