bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glowing plants can light up the night sky? A review
Authors: Li Bolong , Chen Ru , Zhu Chenba , Kong Fantao
Published: July 2021

Luminescence, a physical phenomenon that producing cool light in vivo, has been found in bacteria, fungi, and animals but not yet in terrestrial higher plants. Through genetic engineering, it is feasible to introduce luminescence systems into living plant cells as biomarkers. Recently, some plants transformed with luminescent systems can glimmer in darkness, which can be observed by our naked eyes and provides a novel lighting resource. In this review, we summarized the bioassay development of luminescence in plant cells, followed by exampling the successful cases of glowing plants transformed with diverse luminescent systems. The potential key factors to design or optimize a glowing plant were also discussed. Our review is useful for the creation of the optimized glowing plants, which can be used not only in scientific research, but also as promising substitutes of artificial light sources in the future.
The Palatal Approach for Direct Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation: A Case Report
Authors: Kormas Ioannis , Pedercini Alessandro , Paulson David B. , Costalonga Massimo
Published: July 2021

Introduction

The traditional techniques of maxillary sinus floor elevation via a direct or indirect approach are suitable for the majority of cases. However, in cases of unfavorable anatomy and/or a thick lateral bony wall, we propose here a new approach for sinus floor elevation.

Case Presentation

Forty‐two‐year‐old female presents for sinus floor elevation after a failed attempt due to anatomical limitations and intraoperative complications. During the second surgical procedure, the access to the sinus membrane was performed from the palatal side due to thickness of the buccal wall ranging from 6 to 9 mm and the presence of septa. The sinus augmentation was successful, allowing for future implant placement.

Conclusion

In selected cases, when the anatomy of the maxillary sinus poses limitations and the lateral wall thickness requires significant bone removal, the palatal approach is a valid alternative to the traditional sinus augmentation techniques.
Chemical Synthesis of Side‐Chain‐Hydroxylated Vitamin D3 Derivatives and Their Metabolism by CYP27B1
Authors: Sakamoto Ryota , Nagata Akiko , Ohshita Haruki , Mizumoto Yuka , Iwaki Miho , Yasuda Kaori , Sakaki Toshiyuki , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: July 2021

1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (abbreviated here as 1,25D3) is a hormonally active form of vitamin D3 (D3), and is produced from D3 by CYP27 A1‐mediated hydroxylation at C25, followed by CYP27B1‐mediated hydroxylation at C1. Further hydroxylation of 25D3 and 1,25D3 occurs at C23, C24 and C26 to generate corresponding metabolites, except for 1,25R,26D3. Since the capability of CYP27B1 to hydroxylate C1 of side‐chain‐hydroxylated metabolites other than 23S,25D3 and 24R,25D3 has not been examined, we have here explored the role of CYP27B1 in the C1 hydroxylation of a series of side‐chain‐hydroxylated D3 derivatives. We found that CYP27B1 hydroxylates the R diastereomers of 24,25D3 and 25,26D3 more effectively than the S diastereomers, but shows almost no activity towards either diastereomer of 23,25D3. This is the first report to show that CYP27B1 metabolizes 25,26D3 to the corresponding 1α‐hydroxylated derivative, 1,25,26D3. It will be interesting to examine the physiological relevance of this finding.
The potential role of mesenchymal stem cells in modulating antiageing process
Authors: Govindasamy Vijayendran , Rajendran Abilashini , Lee Zhi–Xin , Ooi Ghee‐Chien , Then Kong‐Yong , Then Khong‐Lek , Gayathri Merilynn , Kumar Das Anjan , Cheong Soon‐Keng
Published: July 2021

Ageing and age‐related diseases share some basic origin that largely converges on inflammation. Precisely, it boils down to a common pathway characterised by the appearance of a fair amount of proinflammatory cytokines known as inflammageing. Among the proposed treatment for antiageing, MSCs gained attention in recent years. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate itself into a myriad of terminal cells, previously it was believed that these cells migrate to the site of injury and perform their therapeutic effect. However, with the more recent discovery of huge amounts of paracrine factors secreted by MSCs, it is now widely accepted that these cells do not engraft upon transplantation but rather unveil their benefits through excretion of bioactive molecules namely those involved in inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Conversely, the true function of these paracrine changes has not been thoroughly investigated all these years. Hence, this review will describe in detail on ways MSCs may capitalize its paracrine properties in modulating antiageing process. Through a comprehensive literature search various elements in the antiageing process, we aim to provide a novel treatment perspective of MSCs in antiageing related clinical conditions.
Rituximab induced cytokine release syndrome in an MS patient: A case report
Authors: Etemadifar Masoud , Salari Mehri , Saeri Mahdieh , Sigari Amirhossein Akhavan , Ebrahimi Pelarti Sara
Published: July 2021

Cytokine release syndrome with rituximab has been reported in certain diseases, however, it is rarely reported in MS patients treated with rituximab. The treating physician should suspect the syndrome when typical signs and symptoms appear.
Lupus mastitis: A rare breast cancer differential diagnosis
Authors: Pimentel Alice , Moreira Ana , Silva Sofia , Lages Rita , Noronha Joana
Published: July 2021

Lupus mastitis is an uncommon SLE breast manifestation. Clinically, it can present itself as a malignant‐like mass. Therefore, a tissue biopsy is warranted to confirm the diagnosis. The treatment of this condition is pharmacological and directed to the underlying disease. The rarity of this entity demands a high degree of suspicion.
A rare life‐threatening complication of acute mastoiditis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Oommen Jerry Z. , Valiuddin Hisham , Ring Hope , Shotkin Paul
Published: July 2021

Severe complications may not always present with “classic” signs and symptoms. In the setting of recent mastoiditis, complications including cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, skull base osteomyelitis, and retropharyngeal abscess should be considered, particularly with persistent or worsening symptoms. A broad differential can lead to prompt diagnosis and treatment, thereby reducing the likelihood of morbidity and mortality.
Management of ovarian immature teratoma grade‐II in pregnancy, two cases report and literature review
Authors: Homaei Shandiz Fatemeh , Emadi Torghabeh Ali
Published: July 2021

Postoperative chemotherapy during pregnancy after first trimester is essential for patients with initial disease stage 1, grade 2 ovarian immature teratoma and it associates with lower disease progression and recurrence.
Methotrexate monotherapy for unilateral moderately active thyroid‐related eye disease
Authors: Elnahry Ayman G. , Talbet Joseph H. , Elnahry Gehad A.
Published: July 2021

A type 1 diabetic patient with unilateral active thyroid‐related eye disease was intolerant to systemic steroid therapy due to uncontrollable blood sugar levels. She was treated with low‐dose methotrexate monotherapy, which resulted in a marked improvement of her condition with no adverse events.
Mesoporous Fe‐Nx‐C Sub‐Microspheres for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: You‐Lin Liu , Jinjiang Liu , Meimei Wang , Yuesong Shen , Shipin Yang , Dongyan Li
Published: July 2021

We design and obtain mesoporous Fe‐Nx‐C sub‐microspheres (Meso Fe‐Nx‐C‐SS) using the amino acid‐metal complex as Fe/N/C precursor and mesoporous silica sub‐microspheres (MSS) as hard template by a facile template‐assistance strategy. The Histidine‐Fe complex is impregnated into mesopores of MSS, and then Meso Fe‐Nx‐C‐SS are obtained by high‐temperature carbonization process and removal of MSS template. The as‐fabricated Meso Fe‐Nx‐C‐SS exhibits the spherical structure with rough surface with the diameter size of 200–500 nm. And Meso Fe‐Nx‐C‐SS also possesses a high specific surface area of 784 m2 g−1, a large pore volume of 1.65 cm3 g−1, and a large pore size in the range of 10–22 nm. Benefiting from atomically dispersed N‐coordinated Fe and unique three‐dimensionally (3D) interconnected mesoporous carbon architecture, Meso Fe‐Nx‐C‐SS shows excellent electrocatalytic performance toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with positive half‐wave potential (E1/2 0.86 V), high stability (93.94 % after 30,000 s), low Tafel slop (43 mV dec−1) and good methanol tolerance, exceeding commercial Pt/C catalyst in alkaline media. As the cathode catalyst within the primary Zn‐air batteries, Meso Fe‐Nx‐C‐SS also reveals an outstanding catalytic activity (the maximum power density of 120 mW cm−2) and superior discharge stability (at current density of 10 mA cm−2 after 6 cycles, at different current densities of 5, 10, 20 mA cm−2), promoting its practical application in Zn‐air batteries.
Mixed RuxIr1−xO2 Supported on Rutile TiO2: Catalytic Methane Combustion, a Model Study
Authors: Khalid Omeir , Spriewald Luciano Alexander , Drazic Goran , Over Herbert
Published: July 2021

With a modified Pechini synthesis, mixed RuxIr1−xO2 is grown on rutile‐TiO2 with full control of the composition x, where the preformed TiO2 particles serve as nucleation sites for the active component. Catalytic and kinetic data of the methane combustion over RuxIr1−xO2@TiO2 and unsupported RuxIr1−xO2 catalysts reveal that the least active catalyst is RuO2@TiO2 (onset temperature: 270 °C), while the most active catalyst is Ru0.25Ir0.75O2 with an onset temperature below 220 °C. Surprisingly, even Ru0.75Ir0.25O2@TiO2 is remarkably active in methane combustion (onset temperature: 230 °C), indicating that little iridium in the mixed RuxIr1−xO2 oxide component already improves the activity of the methane combustion considerably. We conclude that iridium in the mixed RuxIr1−xO2 oxide enables efficient methane activation, while ruthenium promotes the subsequent oxidation steps of the methyl group to produce CO2. Kinetic data provide a reaction order in O2 of zero, while that of methane is close to one, indicating that the methane activation is rate limiting. The apparent activation energy varies among RuxIr1−xO2 from 110 (x=0) to 80 kJ ⋅ mol−1 (x=1). This variation in the apparent activation energy may be explained by the variation in adsorption energy of oxygen. Under the given reaction conditions the catalyst's surface is saturated with adsorbed oxygen and only if oxygen desorbs, methane can be activated and the methyl group can be accommodated at the liberated surface metal sites.
Making Aromatic Phosphorus Heterocycles More Basic and Nucleophilic: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of the First Phosphinine Selenide
Authors: Wossidlo Friedrich , Frost Daniel S. , Lin Jinxiong , Coles Nathan T. , Klimov Katrin , Weber Manuela , Böttcher Tobias , Müller Christian
Published: July 2021

The synthesis and isolation of a phosphinine selenide was achieved for the first time by reacting red selenium with 2,6‐bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphinine. The rather large coupling constant of 1JP,Se=883 Hz is in line with a P−Se bond of high s‐character. The σ‐electron donating Me3Si‐substituents significantly increase the energy of the phosphorus lone pair and hence its basicity, making the heterocycle considerably more basic and nucleophilic than the unsubstituted phosphinine C5H5P, as confirmed by the calculated gas phase basicities. NBO calculations further reveal that the lone pairs of the selenium atom are stabilized through donor‐acceptor interactions with antibonding orbitals of the aromatic ring. The novel phosphinine selenide shows a distinct reactivity towards hexafluoro‐2‐butyne, Au(I)Cl as well as iPrOH. Our results pave the way for new perspectives in the chemistry of phosphorus in low coordination.
On the spectral coherence between two periodically correlated processes
Authors: Khalafi Mahnaz , Reza Soltani Ahmad , Golalipour Masoud , Azimmohseni Majid , Najafiamiri Farzad
Published: July 2021

We introduce a general class of multivariate periodically correlated processes and their corresponding time‐domain and spectral‐domain characterizations. A spectral coherence based on the Hilbert–Schmidt inner product of the Fourier transforms is introduced to measure the dependence of two periodically correlated (PC) processes. An estimator for the spectral coherence is introduced and studied. A hypothesis on the presence of significant dependence is formulated and the corresponding testing procedure established. Numerical illustrations on the performance of the spectral coherence and its estimator are given using simulated and real PC time series.
Universal social needs assessment in gynecologic oncology: An important step toward more informed and targeted care in the public safety net
Authors: Nyakudarika Natsai C. , Holschneider Christine H. , Sinno Abdulrahman K.
Published: July 2021

Background

Social needs are actionable mediators of social determinants of health. Along with distress, they affect quality of life and survival in patients with cancer. The objectives of this study were to identify the most common social needs and distress in a largely immigrant gynecologic oncology patient population at a public safety‐net hospital and to evaluate for specific needs associated with distress and poor outcomes.

Methods

This was a prospective, survey‐based cohort study of patients who participated in a performance‐improvement initiative offering social needs assessment and distress screening. Patients provided sociodemographic information and completed validated surveys adapted from the Health Leads Social Needs Screening Toolkit, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer, and the Emotion Thermometers Tool. Associations between social needs, distress, and treatment outcomes were analyzed.

Results

In total, 135 women were included. Of these, 65.2% had at least 1 unmet social need, and 36.3% screened positive for distress. Help reading hospital materials (30.4%) was the most frequently reported need. Social isolation (odds ratio [OR], 3.65; 95% CI, 1.35‐9.9; P = .01) and lack of safety at home (OR, 4.90; 95% CI, 2.23‐10.62; P = .0001) were associated with distress. Perceived lack of finances for medical care (OR, 5.69; 95% CI, 1.12‐28.9; P = .036) and lack of transportation (OR, 20.5; 95% CI, 2.69‐156.7; P = .004) were associated with nonadherence‐related treatment interruption, whereas positive distress scores were associated with interruption because of comorbidities or treatment‐related toxicities (OR, 20.5; 95% CI, 1.5‐268.6; P = .02).

Conclusions

Systematically identifying social needs and developing interventions aimed at mitigating them may lead to more actionable health care disparities research and affect treatment outcomes.

Lay Summary

Social needs are individual‐level social conditions that drive health disparities.

In this survey‐based study, the objective was to identify common social needs and how these relate to distress and poor health outcomes in a largely immigrant and underserved gynecologic oncology patient population.

The authors found that greater than one‐third of patients screened positive for distress, nearly two‐thirds had at least 1 unmet social need, and these factors were associated with emergency room visits, hospital admissions, and treatment interruptions.

These findings suggest that screening for universal social needs allows providers to identify unrecognized needs and implement interventions to mitigate distress and improve health outcomes.
Effects of different bleaching application durations on enamel in terms of tooth color, microhardness, and surface roughness
Authors: Ozdemir Zeyneb Merve , Surmelioglu Derya
Published: July 2021

The aim of this research was to assess the color differences (∆E00), Vickers microhardness, whiteness index, and surface roughness values of different durations of bleaching the enamel. One hundred and eight teeth were utilized for color evaluation, roughness, and microhardness (n = 36). Teeth were assigned to three groups (n = 12) based on the durations of the bleaching application. Bleaching agent was applied for 20 minutes in group 1, 40 minutes in group 2, and 60 minutes in group 3. The color was measured with a Vita Easyshade Advance 4.0 spectrophotometer before applying the bleach, and 24 hours, 7, and 14 days after bleaching application. The CIEDE2000 and whiteness index for dentistry values were calculated. The microhardness and surface roughness values were obtained before application and 7 and 14 days after application. Data were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA and post‐hoc LSD tests Group 3 had the largest color and whiteness changes. The whiteness index for dentistry values were statistically significantly increased, considering baseline measurements within all groups (P < .05). For the Vickers micohardness values, in group 3, a statistically significant difference was observed among baseline, and 7 days after application (P < .05). However, the surface roughness values showed no significant difference in any measurement (P > .05). According to this research in all groups, effective whitening was accomplished. Based on the results evaluated for whiteness, color alteration, microhardness, and roughness, the optimal bleaching duration of application was in 40 minutes.
Online data caching in edge computing
Authors: Han Xinxin , Gao Guichen , Wang Yang , Ting Hing‐Fung , You Ilsun , Zhang Yong
Published: July 2021

Data caching is an effective method to reduce traffic and improve the quality of service in network. Traditionally, users' requests are offloaded to the cloud for centralized computing. However, due to security and privacy, these tasks are executed in the nearest server, so that the data and service needed by the task are also essential. After the task is completed, in case the next arriving request needs the same data, resulting in transmission cost, the data need to be stored for a period of time, because we know nothing about the coming request information under an online request stream. In this article, we study data caching problem by extending single data item to multiple data items among servers. About the homogeneous model and the submodular model with constraint, we propose a data caching strategy minimizing the total transfer and caching costs of the system. Moreover, we also solve the semiheterogeneous model by the anticipatory caching (AC) algorithm in Reference 21. Meanwhile we find it is more efficient for our three models in this article to improve the performance.
Cationic Exciplexes: Role of Hydrogen Bonding in Deactivation and Electronic Coupling
Authors: Dinnocenzo Joseph P. , Farid Samir
Published: July 2021

Emissive properties for the cationic exciplex (A+*/D→A.D.+) of an isoquinolinium cation tethered to a substituted arene (1+) are strongly affected by hydrogen bonding solvents. At equal dielectric constant (ϵ), the ground‐to‐excited state energy gaps (ΔG) and solvent reorganization energies (λs) decrease from nitriles to aliphatic alcohols. The corresponding decrease from aliphatic alcohols to high hydrogen bond acidity solvents is ∼3 times larger. The exciplex decay (kEx), largely determined by unfolding of the exciplex to a stretched conformer, changes in a complex way depending on the strength of the hydrogen bond ability of these solvents. In contrast, the electronic couplings between the exciplex ground, excited, and charge transfer states do not show a solvent functionality dependence.
Influence of voltine ecotype and geographic distance on genetic and haplotype variation in the Asian corn borer
Authors: Wang Yangzhou , Kim Kyung Seok , Li Qiyun , Zhang Yunyue , Wang Zhen‐Ying , Coates Brad Steven
Published: July 2021

Diapause is an adaptive dormancy strategy by which arthropods endure extended periods of adverse climatic conditions. Seasonal variation in larval diapause initiation and duration in Ostrinia furnacalis may influence adult mating generation number (voltinism) across different local environments. The degree to which voltine ecotype, geographic distance, or other ecological factors influence O. furnacalis population genetic structure remains uncertain. Genetic differentiation was estimated between voltine ecotypes collected from 8 locations. Mitochondrial haplotypes were significantly different between historically allopatric univoltine and bivoltine locations, but confounded by a strong correlation with geographic distance. In contrast, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes show low but significant levels of variation and a lack of influence of geographic distance between allopatric voltine locations. Regardless, 11 of 257 SNP loci were predicted to be under selection, suggesting population genetic homogenization except at loci proximal to factors putatively under selection. These findings provide evidence of haplotype divergent voltine ecotypes that may be maintained in allopatric and sympatric areas despite relatively high rates of nuclear gene flow, yet influence of voltinism on maintenance of observed haplotype divergence remains unresolved.
Improving the application of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis in soil food webs: The effects of diet fat content
Authors: Kühn Jakob , Henning Vanessa , Ruess Liliane
Published: July 2021

Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) as a biochemical tool to study the diet composition of predators is frequently used in marine ecology to infer trophic links in vertebrate consumers. However, the potential and challenges of this method in other ecosystems have only recently been studied. The application in soil ecosystems leads to hurdles not encountered in the marine, such as the low similarity of fatty acid signatures between resource and consumer. So far, diet estimation attempts have been semisuccessful, necessitating to adapt QFASA for use in soil food webs. Dietary fat content may play an important role, as it influences consumer metabolism, and thus calibration coefficients for fatty acid trophic transfer. A series of feeding trials with baker's yeast spiked with five different pure fatty acids at various concentrations was conducted with Collembola, and the changes in calibration coefficients were observed. From there, equations were gained through regression analysis and new sets of calibration coefficients were calculated. QFASA was applied on a range of basal resources and the results compared with previously defined calibration coefficients. Calibration coefficients changed with the proportion of fatty acids in the diet and differed between the three Collembolan species. The re‐estimation of diets showed an improvement of model performance by the new calibration coefficients and indicated several modes of fatty acid assimilation. These greatly influence the outcome of diet estimation, for example, algal and bacterial diets are likely underestimated due to high metabolic turnover rates. The application of QFASA in soil ecosystems remains challenging. The variation in calibration coefficients and the resulting decrease in estimation deviation indicate the merit of calculating calibration coefficients from consumer signatures through linear or exponential equations. Ideally, the method should, when extended to the entire fatty acid signature, allow correct determination of consumer diets in soil food webs.
25‐Propyloxy‐26,27‐dibenzoyloxy‐calix[4]arene as Precursor for the Synthesis of Inherently Chiral Calixarenes
Authors: Trybrat Oleksandr O. , Yesypenko Oleksandr A. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Karpichev Yevgen A. , Kalchenko Vitaly I.
Published: July 2021

This paper shows that 25‐propyloxy‐26,27‐dibenzoyloxy‐calix[4]arene can be a convenient precursor for the formation of inherently chiral configuration on the calixarene platform. The methods for sequential regioselective debenzoylation and electrophilic substitution on the upper rim were developed. The inherently chiral calix[4]renes with two and three different functional groups on the upper rim were synthesized.
Oxygen‐vacancy‐enhanced Catalytic Activity of Au@Co3O4/CeO2 Yolk‐shell Nanocomposite to Electrochemically Detect Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Lei Lingli , Zhang Yuanyuan , Jiang Ying , Xiong Lulu , Liu Yingshuai , Li Chang Ming
Published: July 2021

Biomimetic electrochemical sensors are very promising not only due to their lower expense and longer stability than conventional enzymatic ones, but they also often suffer from simultaneously achieving high sensitivity and good selectivity. Here we present a well‐defined Au@Co3O4/CeO2 yolk‐shell nanostructure (YSN) that is first synthesized and exploited as highly efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection. The introduced CeO2 in Co3O4 matrix greatly facilitates the migration of lattice oxygen, which increases the concentration of surface oxygen vacancies (Oa), remarkably enhancing the adsorption ability of H2O2 and promoting the decomposition of H2O2 for faster electron transfer than pristine Au@Co3O4 core‐shell nanostructure (CSN). The abundant Oa of Au@Co3O4/CeO2 YSN is confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The as‐prepared biomimetic sensor delivers a wide dynamic range (5.0 nM to 5.4 μM), a low limit of detection (LOD) (2.74 nM), and a high sensitivity (35.67 μA μM−1 cm−2), paving a new way to construct an ultrasensitive and selective enzyme‐free biomimetic electrochemical sensor. Furthermore, the sensor is used to real‐time monitor H2O2 released from human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), demonstrating its great potential in practical applications.
Exploring neuropsychological and socio‐emotional task performance in anorexia nervosa: A cluster analytic approach
Authors: Kerr‐Gaffney Jess , Halls Daniel , Leppanen Jenni , Tchanturia Kate
Published: July 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to characterise heterogeneity in neuropsychological and socio‐emotional task performance in young women with anorexia nervosa (AN) using hierarchical cluster analysis. Further, we aimed to test whether cognitive profiles were associated with differences in clinical variables (body mass index, illness duration and age at diagnosis), psychopathology (eating disorder, autistic symptoms, anxiety and depression) and functional impairment.

Method

Set‐shifting, central coherence and theory of mind abilities were measured in 118 women with acute or remitted AN. A hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method with a Euclidean distance measure was performed with the neuropsychological and socio‐emotional variables. Differences between clusters were assessed using ANOVAs.

Results

Four clusters emerged, with significant differences in neuropsychological and socio‐emotional task performance. There were no significant differences between clusters in clinical variables, psychopathology or functional impairment, however, these analyses lacked power due to small cluster sizes.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate significant heterogeneity in cognitive profiles in AN, supporting a more personalised approach to treatment. Studies in larger samples are required to establish whether these variables map onto clinically significant differences in aetiology, clinical presentation, comorbidity patterns and/or treatment responses.
Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic flow of nanofluids across a porous matrix over an extending sheet with mass transpiration and bioconvection
Authors: Zahid Muhammad , Asjad Muhammad I. , Hussain Sajjad , Akgül Ali
Published: July 2021

The consequences of the nonlinear magnetic field and radiative thermal energy are evaluated for bioconvective viscous flow across a porous matrix over a nonlinearly stretching sheet. The rationale of the study is to attain enhanced thermal transportation. The dilute dispersion of nanoentities and bioconvection of swimming microorganisms are taken into consideration. The coupled partial differential system of field equations is transformed into ordinary differential form. Finally, the numeric solution is obtained by utilizing the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method shooting technique, and results are validated through an acceptable accord with existing studies. The variation of influential parameters such as combined magnetic parameter, mass transpiration parameter, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, bioconvection Lewis numbers made notable impacts on fluid velocity, temperature, concentration of nanoentities, and distribution of microorganisms.
MHD radiative Casson—Nanofluid stream above a nonlinear extending surface including chemical reaction through Darcy‐Forchiemer medium
Authors: Ganesh Ganugapati Raghavendra , Sridhar Wuriti
Published: July 2021

The current study aims to study the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Casson kind nanofluid stream through a permeable medium above a nonlinear extending surface considered along with Darcy‐Forchimer relation and chemical reaction. Thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion effects are considered. The MHD effect is used to highlight the physical and thermal properties of the nanofluid. The Keller Box scheme is used to solve the guiding equations numerically. Graphs are plotted for various nondimensional parameters. To justify the method, the used local parameters are calculated and compared with the existing literature. The results specify that a decreasing tendency is observed in the velocity profile for Forchiemer, magnetic, and stretching rate parameters, whereas the opposite tendency is noted for the Casson parameter. On observing temperature profiles, declination is noticed for Casson, thermal slip parameters and raising nature is detected for increasing values of Brownian diffusion, and thermophoresis, radiation parameters. From the results, it is observed that the momentum boundary layer diminishes for a higher inertial influence and the opposing force offered by the porous media to the fluid flow.
Vorinostat ameliorates IL‐1α‐induced reduction of type II collagen by inhibiting the expression of ELF3 in chondrocytes
Authors: Miao Xudong , Wu Yongping , Wang Ping , Zhang Qiang , Zhou Chenhe , Yu Xinning , Cao Le
Published: July 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease that ultimately causes physical disability and imposes an economic burden on society. Cartilage destruction plays a key role in the development of OA. Vorinostat is an oral histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and has been used for the treatment of T‐cell lymphoma. Previous studies have reported the anti‐inflammatory effect of HDAC inhibitors in both in vivo and in vitro models. However, it is unknown whether vorinostat exerts a protective effect in OA. In this study, our results demonstrate that treatment with vorinostat prevents interleukin 1α (IL‐1α)‐induced reduction of type II collagen at both gene and protein levels. Treatment with vorinostat reduced the IL‐1α‐induced production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T/C‐28a2 cells. Additionally, vorinostat rescued the IL‐1α‐induced decrease in the expression of the collagen type II a1 (Col2a1) gene and the expression of Sry‐related HMG box 9 (SOX‐9). Importantly, we found that vorinostat inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13), which is responsible for the degradation of type II collagen. Furthermore, vorinostat suppressed the expression of E74‐like factor 3 (ELF3), which is a key transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in the IL‐1α‐induced reduction of type II collagen. Also, the overexpression of ELF3 abolished the protective effects of vorinostat against IL‐1α‐induced loss of type 2 collagen by inhibiting the expression of SOX‐9 whilst increasing the expression of MMP‐13. In conclusion, our findings suggest that vorinostat might prevent cartilage destruction by rescuing the reduction of type II collagen, mediated by the suppression of ELF3.
Disturbed mitochondrial redox state and tissue energy charge in cholestasis
Authors: Ghanbarinejad Vahid , Ommati Mohammad M. , Jia Zhipeng , Farshad Omid , Jamshidzadeh Akram , Heidari Reza
Published: July 2021

The liver is the primary organ affected by cholestasis. However, the brain, skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney are also severely influenced by cholestasis/cirrhosis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of organ injury in cholestasis. The current study was designed to evaluate the mitochondrial glutathione redox state as a significant index in cell death. Moreover, tissue energy charge (EC) was calculated. Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) and the brain, heart, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle mitochondria were assessed at scheduled time intervals (3, 7, 14, and 28 days after BDL). A significant decrease in mitochondrial glutathione redox state and EC was detected in BDL animals. Moreover, disturbed mitochondrial indices were evident in different organs of BDL rats. These data could offer new insight into the mechanisms of organ injury and the source of oxidative stress during cholestasis and might provide novel therapeutic strategies against these complications.
Identifying and validating emotion regulation latent profiles and their relationship with affective variables
Authors: de Carvalho Braule Pinto André L. , R. Pasian Sonia , F. Malloy‐Diniz Leandro
Published: July 2021

Objective

We investigated and validated the presence of emotion regulation profiles in an adult sample.

Method

In a cross‐sectional study, 1165 individuals completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Following Affective States Test (FAST). Sample was divided into three to establish and validate emotion regulation profiles using a latent profile analysis.

Results

Sample 1 (n = 375) showed three different profiles: dysregulated, adapted, and unaware regulator. Sample 2 (n = 390) shows a consistent pattern with the same number of profiles that remained stable over time. In Sample 3 (n = 400), we validate and find that cognitive reappraisal and lack of awareness were essential to differentiating profiles.

Conclusions

Three emotional regulation profiles differ due to the levels of positive/negative affect and the propensity to avoid/follow emotions, increasing the understanding of how different regulatory strategies interact and explain different outcomes with mental health.
Managing the unexpected: The role of homeless service providers during the 2017–2018 California wildfires
Authors: Gin June L. , Balut Michelle D. , Der‐Martirosian Claudia , Dobalian Aram
Published: July 2021

People experiencing homelessness during the 2017–2018 California wildfires faced significant risks of disruption. Homeless service organizations (HSOs) are an essential safety net for this population. To learn about how HSOs performed during the wildfires, this study interviewed U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) staff overseeing HSOs providing transitional housing under the VA's Grant and Per Diem (GPD) program to Veterans experiencing homelessness. We employed a comparative case study approach exploring GPD organizations' disaster response actions, including evacuating Veterans from wildfire‐affected areas or taking in disaster‐displaced Veterans. This article presents three themes in the GPD organizations' disaster response: (1) Organizations benefitted from close collaboration and communication with the VA during the disaster, creating a safety net to ensure Veterans' well‐being and enact rapid re‐housing to prevent homelessness; (2) Organization staff performed heroically under stressful disaster conditions; and (3) Organizations benefitted from the written disaster plans that VA requires them to create, but were not as well‐prepared for wildfires as they had been for earthquakes. As emergent threats such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, wildfires, and a very active 2020 hurricane season amplify the importance of mitigating risks, comprehensive disaster planning is needed to ensure the safety and support of people experiencing homelessness.
Oriented diameter of maximal outerplanar graphs
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Chen Yaojun , Dankelmann Peter , Guo Yubao , Surmacs Michel , Volkmann Lutz
Published: July 2021

Let be a finite connected undirected graph and a strong orientation of . The diameter of , denoted by , is the maximum directed distance between any two vertices of . The oriented diameter of is defined as
In this paper, we show that for any maximal outerplanar graph of order , with four exceptions, and the upper bound is sharp.
Turán numbers for disjoint paths
Authors: Yuan Long‐Tu , Zhang Xiao‐Dong
Published: July 2021

The Turán number of a graph , ex, is the maximum number of edges in a graph of order that does not contain a copy of as a subgraph. Lidický, Liu and Palmer determined ex for sufficiently large and proved that the extremal graph is unique, where is the union of pairwise vertex‐disjoint paths on vertices. There are a few kinds of graphs for which ex are known exactly for all , including cliques, matchings, paths, cycles on odd number of vertices and some other special graphs. In this paper, using a different approach from Lidický, Liu and Palmer, we determine ex for all integers when at most one of is odd. Furthermore, we show that there exists a family of pairs of bipartite graphs such that for all integers , which is related to an old problem of Erdős and Simonovits.
Updated SARS‐CoV‐2 single nucleotide variants and mortality association
Authors: Fang Shuyi , Liu Sheng , Shen Jikui , Lu Alex Z , Wang Audrey K. Y. , Zhang Yucheng , Li Kailing , Liu Juli , Yang Lei , Hu Chang‐Deng , Wan Jun
Published: July 2021

By analyzing newly collected SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes and comparing them with our previous study about SARS‐CoV‐2 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) before June 2020, we found that the SNV clustering had changed remarkably since June 2020. Apart from that the group of SNVs became dominant, which is represented by two nonsynonymous mutations A23403G (S:D614G) and C14408T (ORF1ab:P4715L), a few emerging groups of SNVs were recognized with sharply increased monthly incidence ratios of up to 70% in November 2020. Further investigation revealed sets of SNVs specific to patients' ages and/or gender, or strongly associated with mortality. Our logistic regression model explored features contributing to mortality status, including three critical SNVs, G25088T(S:V1176F), T27484C (ORF7a:L31L), and T25A (upstream of ORF1ab), ages above 40 years old, and the male gender. The protein structure analysis indicated that the emerging subgroups of nonsynonymous SNVs and the mortality‐related ones were located on the protein surface area. The clashes in protein structure introduced by these mutations might in turn affect the viral pathogenesis through the alteration of protein conformation, leading to a difference in transmission and virulence. Particularly, we explored the fact that nonsynonymous SNVs tended to occur in intrinsic disordered regions of Spike and ORF1ab to significantly increase hydrophobicity, suggesting a potential role in the change of protein folding related to immune evasion.
Would it be possible to use nonpathogenic fungi to improve the turnover of crop residues?
Authors: Kamkar Behnam , Razavi Seyed Esmaeil , Sadeghipour Hamid Reza , López‐Bernal Álvaro
Published: July 2021

This study was aimed to assess the suitability of four fungal species for operating in the residues of three crops in Golestan province, Iran. For this, four experiments were conducted to analyze their ability to grow on five culture media (Experiment I) and on the residues (Experiment II) and their growth responses to different pHs (Experiment III) and temperature levels (Experiment IV). Then, the possibility of establishing these fungi in the cultivated lands of studied crops was examined. Fungal growth was high on soybean and cotton residues and low on those of rice, and all the fungi produced a significant reduction in the carbon to nitrogen ratios in relation to noninoculated residues. The amount of nitrogen in fungal‐treated cotton residues increased about four times compared with the control and in other studied residues increased twice as much as the control. The lowest C:N values for cotton and rice residues were found for Pleurotus ostreatus while Aspergillus niger was the most efficient for those of soybean. The results also showed that these fungi will not show the best performance in respect to temperature and pH, but will not be ineffective. The results could be the basis for further studies on the use of these fungi to improve nutrient cycling, focusing on multicriteria zoning on climatic and soil‐related components.
Surgical data science and artificial intelligence for surgical education
Authors: Ward Thomas M. , Mascagni Pietro , Madani Amin , Padoy Nicolas , Perretta Silvana , Hashimoto Daniel A.
Published: July 2021

Surgical data science (SDS) aims to improve the quality of interventional healthcare and its value through the capture, organization, analysis, and modeling of procedural data. As data capture has increased and artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced, SDS can help to unlock augmented and automated coaching, feedback, assessment, and decision support in surgery. We review major concepts in SDS and AI as applied to surgical education and surgical oncology.
The evolution of surgical virtual education and telementoring: One surgeon's journey
Authors: Rosser James “Butch” , Nitsche Lindsay , Yee Gabrielle , Alam Harris
Published: July 2021

The first era of the global proliferation of surgical advancements involved surgical infection rate and technique breakthroughs by Lister, Halsted, and others. This was propagated by letters, academic papers, and international visits. While success was achieved, it was at a suboptimal pace. In the current era of minimally invasive surgical approaches, these methods are inadequate. This paper chronicles the development and application of virtual learning and telementoring as force multipliers to speed procedural adoption and proliferation.
Fecal microbiota transplantation does not alter bacterial translocation and visceral adipose tissue inflammation in individuals with obesity
Authors: Bakker Guido J. , Meijnikman Abraham S. , Scheithauer Torsten P. , Davids Mark , Aydin Ömrüm , Boerlage Thomas C. C. , de Brauw L. Maurits , van de Laar Arnold W. , Gerdes Victor E. , Groen Albert K. , van Raalte Daniël H. , Herrema Hilde , Nieuwdorp Max
Published: July 2021

Aims

Visceral adipose tissue inflammation is a fundamental mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Translocation of intestinal bacteria has been suggested as a driving factor for the inflammation. However, although bacterial DNA was detected in visceral adipose tissue of humans with obesity, it is unclear to what extent this is contamination or whether the gut microbiota is causally involved. Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on bacterial translocation and visceral adipose tissue inflammation in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance were assessed.

Material and Methods

Eight individuals with clinically severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] >35 kg/m2) and metabolic syndrome received lean donor FMT 4 weeks prior to elective bariatric surgery. The participants were age‐, sex‐, and BMI‐matched to 16 controls that underwent no fecal transplantation. Visceral adipose tissue was collected during surgery. Bacterial translocation was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of adipose tissue and feces. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression and histopathological analyses of visceral adipose tissue were performed to assess inflammation.

Results

Fecal microbiota transplantation significantly altered gut microbiota composition. Visceral adipose tissue contained a very low quantity of bacterial DNA in both groups. No difference in visceral bacterial DNA content between groups was observed. Also, visceral expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and macrophage infiltration did not differ between groups. No correlation between inflammatory tone and bacterial translocation was observed.

Conclusions

Visceral bacterial DNA content and level of inflammation were not altered upon FMT. Thus, bacterial translocation may not be the main driver of visceral adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.
Bismuthonium‐ and pyrylium‐based radical induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxides
Authors: Taschner Roland , Knaack Patrick , Liska Robert
Published: July 2021

Cationic polymerization is a powerful tool when it comes to adhesive, coating, composite, and bulk material production. A variety of monomers is suitable for this technique, however epoxy‐based systems are used in many applications, due to their high reactivity and versatility. With the introduction of the radical induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP), an even more efficient pathway to cure epoxides and with it a variety of new applications was obtained. The prevailing initiator class for RICFP applications is the iodonium salt. Decades of research and fine‐tuning of the formulations lead to a highly effective and versatile initiator system. With the introduction of bismuth‐ and oxygen‐based onium salts for frontal polymerization, the well‐known iodonium salt is challenged. Bismuthonium hexafluoroantimonates shows high rate of polymerization and conversions of 84% in an epoxy system. The advantage of bismuthonium‐based systems is the pot life of the formulations, which can be cured at the press of a button. In this study, iodonium salts last around 3 days before a significant viscosity increase is measured, while the bismuthonium initiator lasts over 10 times as long with no significant drop in reactivity or frontal velocity.
Preparation and Properties of NC/TATB/Bu‐NENA/TMETN Low Sensitive Gun Propellants
Authors: Song Yufang , Xiao Leqin , Zhou Weiliang , He Xu
Published: July 2021

Safety improvements in the field of energetic materials promoted the development of insensitive gun propellants. A low sensitive gun propellant was prepared by traditional extrusion using nitrocellulose (NC) as a binder, 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) as insensitive solid energetic filler, N‐butyl‐N‐nitramine (Bu‐NENA) as insensitive plasticizer, trimethylolethane trinitrate (TMETN) as co‐plasticizer, and graphite as thermal conductive filler. The density of gun propellants obtained was 1.611 g ⋅ cm−3 which was almost equaled to the theoretical density of 1.615 g ⋅ cm−3. The gun propellants exhibited excellent mechanical properties, especially cryogenic mechanical property, with the impact strength of 12.4 kJ ⋅ m−2 and the compressive strength of 157.1 MPa at −40 °C. The closed bomb test was conducted to investigate the energy and combustion performance. The results showed that the gun propellants had stable and regular combustion properties at a pressure up to 600 MPa. The burning rate pressure index n was about 1, and the impetus f and covolume α were 1045 kJ ⋅ kg−1 and 0.9764 cm3 ⋅ g−1 respectively. The vulnerabilities of the prepared gun propellants were evaluated by bullet impact, fragment impacts, sympathetic detonation, fast cook‐off, and slow cook‐off tests. The results showed that no response that was more severe than burning in test bombs was observed in bullet impact, fast cook‐off, and slow cook‐off tests under the given conditions. Moreover, a partially combustion reaction occurred in the fragment impact test with no obvious burning reaction in the sympathetic detonation test. It demonstrates that the prepared gun propellants possess good low vulnerability characteristics.