bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison Of Wind Environment Adaptation and Street SpaceIn Traditional Coastal Villages—— A Case Study Of Typical Coastal Villages In Fuzhou City
Authors: Chen Tianyu , Liu Qiqi , Wu Xin
Published: February 2024

At present, most of the existing research on traditional dwellings focuses on their preservation and reuse, while their environmental adaptability is relatively underexplored. Especially in coastal areas, understanding and enhancing the environmental adaptability of buildings is crucial to guarding against natural disasters, protecting the ecological environment, maintaining socio-economic stability, and coping with climate change, all of which are key factors in achieving sustainable development. In this paper, two traditional villages in Fuzhou (Dinghai Village and Houguan Village), which have similar geographic environments but different types, are selected as examples to explore the adaptability of village street layouts and spatial patterns with different degrees of integration to coastal wind environments by analyzing and comparing them through CFD simulations.The study summarizes the conclusions through the horizontal comparative analysis: 1. the degree of spatial integration of the central street and the wind resistance of the village are positively proportional 2. the layout with high connectivity value and strong permeability of the space is conducive to the improvement of the village's wind environment adaptability. By comparing different village patterns, the article refines the spatial characteristics of streets and alleys for the wind adaptability of coastal traditional villages, with a view to providing certain technical support and theoretical basis for the protection and renewal of traditional villages in China, as well as for the strategic planning in terms of sustainable development.
Urban Living Room Model for Integrated Development of Station City--Taking the Southern Hub of Fengtai Station as an Example
Authors: Liu Sitong , Tang Zhi , Zhang Danyu , Meng Xiaoying
Published: February 2024

With the development of China's high-speed railway, railway passenger stations are subtly changing the urban structure, and the fragmentation of the city caused by traditional railway passenger stations should not be underestimated, affecting the development of the city in five aspects: functional composition, traffic organisation, economic development, policy coordination and environmental damage. This paper takes Fengtai Station as an example and summarises the integrated development mode of "urban living room" from macro-industry, meso-planning and micro-design: to enhance economic activation and functional diversity; to increase traffic connectivity and spatial inclusiveness; and to improve environmental adaptability under the concept of sustainability, in order to create a comprehensive, integrated and sustainable urban living room. It provides new construction points and design ideas for the integrated design of rail way passenger stations
Design and Construction Method of High-low Span Cross Support System for Frame Structures
Authors: Gao Huajun , Fang Guangxiu , Xia Tian , Zhao Chunqi , Han Zhengquan
Published: February 2024

Taking a high-rise frame-shear wall structure project in Jilin Province as an example, combined with current specifications, standards, and regulations, this paper proposes the design and construction method of the scaffold support system for the high-low span and high formwork between the basement and the main structure；In the construction, the side formwork of the high-low span beam adopts the method of suspending formwork, and the combination of fixing support and drawing bolts on both sides. The floor slab is poured first, followed by the high-low span, and the pouring is carried out in layers and sections, ensuring the quality of the project and shortening the construction period. After construction verification, the various acceptance values are better than the current engineering acceptance evaluation standard values, and it is safe and reliable. This provides a reference for the design and construction of similar high-low span and high-formwork projects in frame structures.
Historical building protection and modern functional renovation practice
Authors: Yixin Jin , shen Hu
Published: February 2024

The article focuses on the practice of historical building protection and modern functional renovation, using Rietveld Schröder House is a case study that explores how to effectively integrate the needs of modern life while respecting historical heritage. Research on Rietveld The structural and exterior protection of the Schröder House and the functional transformation of the internal space are analyzed in detail, and the transformation effect is evaluated through questionnaires and quantitative methods. It is expected to demonstrate the balance between preservation and modernization of historic buildings, and how such renovation can enhance the functionality, aesthetic value and socio-cultural benefits of the building.
Research on Computer Aided Architectural Design and Construction Management Based on BIM
Authors: Dong Zhao , Liu Qing , Qiu Qingling , Li Min , Zhou Li
Published: February 2024

In the dynamic landscape of the construction industry, the integration of computer-aided design (CAD) technology has become commonplace. However, as architectural demands evolve, so do the complexities in design and management. Consequently, Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has emerged as a pivotal tool, progressively transforming the business landscape. This paper aims to elucidate the distinctive features and advantages of BIM technology through a comparative analysis of five key characteristics. Additionally, it delves into the practical applications of BIM in both architectural design and construction management. The foundational section of the paper illuminates the principles, concepts, and inherent characteristics of BIM technology. A comprehensive exploration of the technology's evolution in the construction industry is undertaken, highlighting its pivotal role. Subsequently, the paper offers an insightful overview of how BIM is applied in architectural design and construction management. By providing a concise analysis, this paper endeavors to instill an awareness among professionals in the construction industry about the critical aspects of information management and the unique features of BIM technology. The ultimate goal is to enhance the efficiency of architectural design and construction management practices, fostering tangible advancements in China's construction industry.
Numerical Simulation Research on Energy Dissipation Characteristics of Fish Scale Weir
Authors: Yang Huaquan , Ma Jiabao , Liu Xueying
Published: February 2024

In order to make the design of hydro buildings no longer limited to traditional models, Zhejiang Province has built various forms of novel art dams. Based on the numerical simulation method, the numerical simulation distribution of pressure and the influencing factors of the energy dissipation rate of the fish scale weir are studied. The results show that with the increase of the head h on the weir, the negative pressure area on the fish scale weir increases, but the negative pressure value remains unchanged or decreases; the h value (0.120m≤h≤0.140m) is inversely proportional to the energy dissipation rate of the fish scale weir, and the θ value (135°≤θ≤180°) is proportional to the energy dissipation rate of the fish scale weir.
Study on Water-saving Potential and Incentive Systems in Southern Water-lifting Irrigation Districts
Authors: Hu Rongxiang , Wang Yu , Xiao Wanchuan , Wang Yujie , Qiu Xinkai
Published: February 2024

It is of immense significance for agricultural water-saving work to stimulate the initiative of water users and enhance their water-saving awareness. Focusing on the southern water-lifting irrigation districts, this paper employs various water-saving potential analysis methods(water quota method and Irrigation test method) to calculate the water-saving potential of irrigation districts. The irrigation control indexes of the single-season rice trial in the experimental station adopt conventional irrigation mode. Based on irrigation test results, different water-saving grades are determined, and then, water-saving rewards are granted accordingly. The establishment of water-saving incentive systems shows positive effects on promoting water and energy conservation at pump stations, facilitating the benign operation of agricultural water conservancy projects.
Research on Financing Model of Water Conservancy Projects under the New Economic Situation
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhao Yuanhua , Zhao Jianfeng , Yu Jialiang , Zhao Fangning , Xu Dingtian
Published: February 2024

Water conservancy project is the most basic livelihood guarantee project related to social security and stability and the survival and development of various production departments, but it is facing huge financial pressure because of its large investment scale, low financial returns, long recovery cycle, positive external benefits and strong public welfare. This paper analyses the characteristics and difficulties of investment and financing of water conservancy projects, combined with the new concept of the development of water conservancy projects and the analysis of related cases, this paper puts forward some solutions to investment and financing problems, such as innovation of investment and financing mode, establishment of local water conservancy development platform company, invigorating stock assets, etc., as well as relevant policy suggestions such as overall project planning, improving investment mechanism, improving financing capacity, expanding investment returns, innovating investment and financing models, etc. It can provide reference for the overall planning and investment construction of water conservancy projects.
Dynamics behavior analysis of spatial parallel coordinate measuring mechanism with spherical clearance joints
Authors: Sheng Yongchao , Chen Xiulong
Published: February 2024

A universal dynamics modeling and analysis method applied for spatial parallel coordinate measuring mechanism (SPCMM) is proposed. The influence of spherical clearance joints on the accuracy of SPCMM cannot be ignored, it is necessary to study the influence of spherical clearance joints on the dynamic response and chaotic characteristics of mechanisms. A dynamic modeling and analysis method considering three spherical clearance joints based on Lagrange multiplier technology is developed, and the position motion model of joint elements and contact force models are established. On this basis, dynamic response and chaotic characteristics of SPCMM under different clearance values and friction coefficients are analyzed, the reliability of dynamics model is verified by comparing the results from Adams and Matlab. This dynamics modeling and analysis method can provide an important reference value for high quality and high precision applications of spatial parallel mechanisms.
Hemolivia species infecting Central American wood turtles (Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima manni) and problems with differential diagnosis within the genus Hemolivia
Authors: Živčicová Žaneta , Kvičerová Jana , Široký Pavel
Published: February 2024

Blood parasites of the genus Hemolivia Petit, Landau, Baccam and Lainson, 1990 (Adeleorina: Karyolysidae) are hemogregarines of ectothermic vertebrates, such as lizards, chelonians, and toads. Only five species of Hemolivia from vertebrate hosts and one from their tick vector have been described so far. In the present study, Central American wood turtles (Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima manni) originating from Southern Nicaragua were screened for the presence of hemogregarines. Ten out of 30 specimens (33.3%) were positive for Hemolivia using both approaches – microscopy and PCR-based analyses. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene revealed the presence of two haplotypes, both placed as sister taxa in the Hemolivia clade. Their phylogenetic position was supported by high bootstrap values and high posterior probabilities, suggesting that there are at least two new distinct haplotypes corresponding to two distinct species. However, the specimens of each haplotype were microscopically indistinguishable from each other based on the gamont morphology, therefore, only a single species could be described and named, as Hemolivia pulcherrima n. sp. We consider that the uniform morphology of the most common blood stages of species of the genus Hemolivia complicates their differential diagnosis. Sequence divergence and different host spectra, therefore, remain the only differentiating tools.
Verletzungen der oberen Halswirbelsäule
Authors: Ullrich Bernhard , Nachbauer Nadine , Kobbe Philipp
Published: February 2024

Durch ihre komplexe Funktion und Anatomie ist es sinnvoll die axiale Halswirbelsäule von der subaxialen zu unterscheiden. Verletzungen dieser Region sind vielfältig und nicht immer einfach zu diagnostizieren. Hilfreich für die Indikationsstellung zur bildgebenden Diagnostik sind die Canadian C-Spine-Rules.

Einfache Frakturen können mittels Zervikalorthese konservativ behandelt werden. Die Halotraktion ist für alle Verletzungsentitäten bis auf die transdentale C1/C2-Instabilität eine semikonservative Behandlunsgsoption.

Instabile Verletzungen bedürfen einer operativen Intervention. Für eine differenzierte Therapieentscheidung sind die vielfältigen Klassifikationssysteme hilfreich. Neben der Darstellung der bewährten Einteilungsprinzipien liegt in besonderes Augenmerk in diesem Aufsatz auf der jüngst veröffentlichten AOSpine Upper Cervical Spine Injury Klassifikation. Diese propagiert eine stärker segmentbezogene Denkweise und stellt einen sehr attraktiven Ansatz dar, da sich aus den Zuordnungen relativ einfach therapeutische Konsequenzen ableiten lassen. Sehr viele spezifische Aspekte der etablierten Klassifikationssysteme sind ebenfalls über Modifikatoren mit abbildbar.

Es werden typische Verletzungsmuster von der Diagnostik über Indikationsstellung bis hin zur Therapie dargestellt. Hervorzuheben sind hierbei die Goel/Harms-Verschraubung, die transartikuläre Verschraubung nach Magerl, die aszendierende Densosteosynthese und die Okzipitozervikale Fusion.
Vor- und Nachteile des Akutstarts mit der Peritonealdialyse
Authors: Haag Stefanie
Published: February 2024

Die Peritonealdialyse (PD) ist eine wichtige Form der Nierenersatztherapie, jedoch wird bei einem ungeplanten Dialysebeginn häufig eine Hämodialyse (HD) verordnet. Bei einem akuten Start mittels PD, findet die Behandlung innerhalb von 2 Wochen nach Katheterimplantation statt. Yaxley und Scott geben in ihrem Review einen Überblick zur Studienlage beim PD-Akutstart.
Verhinderung der Progression von chronischen Nierenerkrankungen
Authors: Wolf Gunter
Published: February 2024

Unabhängig von der Ätiologie haben chronische Nierenerkrankungen (CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease) die Tendenz zur Progression, d. h. zur kontinuierlichen Verschlechterung der Nierenfunktion bis zur Dialysepflichtigkeit. Bisher waren ACE-Hemmer (ACE: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) und Sartane die einzigen pharmakologischen Möglichkeiten, um die Progression von CKD zu verlangsamen. Mit den SGLT-2-Hemmern (SGLT-2: Natrium-Glukose-Kotransporter-2) steht eine neue Klasse von Medikamenten zur Verfügung, die in verschiedenen Studien auch bei nichtdiabetischen Patienten gezeigt haben, dass die Progression von CKD verlangsamt werden kann.
Management des nephrotischen Syndroms
Authors: Schork Anja
Published: February 2024

Ödeme bilden zusammen mit einer Proteinurie > 3,5 g/Tag, Hypalbuminämie und Hyperlipidämie den Symptomkomplex des nephrotischen Syndroms. Zur Entstehung der Ödeme gibt es 2 Hypothesen, die höchstwahrscheinlich zusammenwirken: einerseits die Underfill-Hypothese, nach der es durch den verminderten onkotischen Druck als Folge eines Eiweißverlusts zum Wasserübertritt ins Interstitium kommt; andererseits die Overfill-Theorie, die primär eine renal gesteigerte Natrium- und Wasserretention (möglicherweise durch Aktivierung des epithelialen Natrium-Kanals (ENaC) durch aberrant filtrierte Serinproteasen) postuliert. Die Ödeme beim nephrotischen Syndrom sind häufig gegenüber der diuretischen Therapie refraktär, sodass eine höhere Dosis an Schleifendiuretika und die Kombination verschiedener Diuretikaklassen erforderlich sind. Als vielversprechender diuretischer Therapieansatz werden aktuell ENaC-Hemmstoffe (z. B. Amilorid) geprüft. Ergänzungen zur diuretischen Therapie sind die diätetische Kochsalzrestriktion, die antiproteinurische Therapie, die Ödemmobilisation durch lokale Maßnahmen (z. B. Beine wickeln), und im Extremfall die Dialysebehandlung mit Ultrafiltration.
Diuretika bei Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Ufuk Engin-Halil
Published: February 2024

Bei der Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz sind Schleifendiuretika hilfreich zur Wiederherstellung eines optimierten Volumenhaushalts. Furosemid und Torasemid sind hierbei die am gebräuchlichsten eingesetzten Substanzen. Beide lindern subjektive Beschwerden wie Ödeme und Dyspnoe, daneben werden mit deren Anwendung klinische Endpunkte wie die Hemmung der Progredienz der Herzinsuffizienz und die Senkung der Mortalität erreicht. Dabei sind Furosemid und Torasemid – bis auf geringfügige Unterschiede in der Pharmakokinetik – nahezu gleichwertig. Bei akuter kardialer Dekompensation ist die intravenöse Verabreichungsform zu bevorzugen. Eine Reihe von Gründen kann zu Diuretikaresistenz führen, die beachtet werden sollten. Zur Steigerung der Diurese empfiehlt sich eine sequenzielle Tubulusblockade mit Azetazolamid oder Thiaziden, aber auch Aldosteronantagonisten sind unter Beachtung des Hyperkaliämierisikos bei abnormer Nierenfunktion möglich.
Diuretika bei akuter und chronischer Nierenkrankheit
Authors: Bohnert Bernhard N.
Published: February 2024

Diuretika gehören zu den am häufigsten verordneten Wirkstoffgruppen und werden im klinischen Alltag bei Patienten mit Nierenkrankheiten routinemäßig eingesetzt. Aber was ist über ihren Einsatz bei akuter und chronischer Nierenkrankheit bekannt? Welche Wirkstoffe können sinnvoll eingesetzt werden? Welche Indikationen für den Einsatz von Diuretika gibt es bei der akuten und chronischen Nierenkrankheit? Was ist bei ihrer Verwendung bei nierenkranken Patienten zu beachten und welchen Einfluss hat eine eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion auf ihre Wirkung? Auf diese Fragen soll in diesem Artikel ausführlich eingegangen werden.
Diagnostic Stewardship in Klinik und Praxis mit Fokus auf die mikrobiologische Harnwegs- und Blutstromdiagnostik
Authors: Bornemann Reinhard , Hartmann Johannes , Kaup Olaf , Probst-Kepper Michael , Scherer Christiane
Published: February 2024

Eine gezielte Infektionsdiagnostik liefert Entscheidungshilfen für einen rationalen Antibiotika-Einsatz im Sinne eines Antibiotic Stewardship (ABS). Analog zu ABS wird hierfür der Begriff „Diagnostic Stewardship“ (DGS) vorgeschlagen. DGS bezieht sich neben der allgemeinen vor allem auf die mikrobiologische Infektionsdiagnostik – mit spezifischen Erregernachweisen via Kulturverfahren bzw. Immunologie, zunehmend auch mittels molekularbiologischer Verfahren. Insbesondere in der Mikrobiologie spielen Präanalytik, Analytik und Postanalytik eine wesentliche Rolle. Ein Erregernachweis geht mit einer antimikrobiellen Empfindlichkeitsprüfung (bzw. S-I-R-Einteilung) einher, die speziell im Kontext mit ABS besondere Aufmerksamkeit verdient. In dieser Arbeit werden all diese Aspekte behandelt und an zwei ambulant wie stationär relevanten, praktischen Beispielen der Urin- bzw. Blutkultur-Diagnostik dargelegt.
High risk stigmata and treatment strategy for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a nationwide study in Japan
Authors: Aoki Tomonori , Nagata Naoyoshi , Sadashima Eiji , Kobayashi Katsumasa , Yamauchi Atsushi , Yamada Atsuo , Omori Jun , Ikeya Takashi , Aoyama Taiki , Tominaga Naoyuki , Sato Yoshinori , Kishino Takaaki , Ishii Naoki , Sawada Tsunaki , Murata Masaki , Takao Akinari , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kinjo Ken , Fujimori Shunji , Uotani Takahiro , Fujita Minoru , Sato Hiroki , Hayakawa Yoku , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Kaise Mitsuru ,   CODE BLUE-J Study collaborators
Published: February 2024

Background The rebleeding risks and outcomes of endoscopic treatment for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) may differ depending on the bleeding location, type, and etiology of stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) but have yet to be fully investigated. We aimed to identify high risk endoscopic SRH and to propose an optimal endoscopic treatment strategy.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed 2699 ALGIB patients with SRH at 49 hospitals (CODE BLUE-J Study), of whom 88.6 % received endoscopic treatment.

Results 30-day rebleeding rates of untreated SRH significantly differed among locations (left colon 15.5 % vs. right colon 28.6 %) and etiologies (diverticular bleeding 27.5 % vs. others [e. g. ulcerative lesions or angioectasia] 8.9 %), but not among bleeding types. Endoscopic treatment reduced the overall rebleeding rate (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.69; 95 %CI 0.49–0.98), and the treatment effect was significant in right-colon SRH (AOR 0.46; 95 %CI 0.29–0.72) but not in left-colon SRH. The effect was observed in both active and nonactive types, but was not statistically significant. Moreover, the effect was significant for diverticular bleeding (AOR 0.60; 95 %CI 0.41–0.88) but not for other diseases. When focusing on treatment type, the effectiveness was not significantly different between clipping and other modalities for most SRH, whereas ligation was significantly more effective than clipping in right-colon diverticular bleeding.

Conclusions A population-level endoscopy dataset allowed us to identify high risk endoscopic SRH and propose a simple endoscopic treatment strategy for ALGIB. Unlike upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the rebleeding risks for ALGIB depend on colonic location, bleeding etiology, and treatment modality.
Behandlung des Reizdarmsyndroms am Krankenhaus für Naturheilweisen
München
Authors: Schmidt Robert
Published: February 2024

Die Diagnose „Reizdarmsyndrom“ ist zwar nicht die Hauptdiagnose der Patienten am Krankenhaus für
Naturheilweisen (KfN) in München, aber summa summarum sicherlich eine der häufigsten Diagnosen im KfN
überhaupt. Typische Symptome des Reizdarmsyndroms sind krampfartige Bauchschmerzen, Flatulenz und
Meteorismus, Diarrhö und/oder Obstipation und eine stark beeinträchtigte Lebensqualität. Bei den
Diarrhöen handelt es sich vor allem um dünnflüssige Darmentleerung, ggf. mit Schleimbeimengungen, nicht
selten mit einer Aggravation morgens. Patienten können bei Obstipation auch schafskotartige Stühle
beschreiben, über ein Gefühl der unvollständigen Darmentleerung klagen und generell eine Besserung des
abdominellen Druck- und Völlegefühls nach Darmentleerung empfinden. Die Behandlung am KfN zielt darauf
ab, die Patienten über das Krankheitsbild aufzuklären, damit sie ihre Symptomatik besser einordnen können
und zur langfristigen Selbsthilfe befähigt werden.
Targeting Abnormal Tau Phosphorylation for Alzheimer’s
Therapeutics
Authors: Singh Aditya , Ansari Vaseem Ahamad , Mahmood Tarique , Hasan Syed Misbahul , Wasim Rufaida , Maheshwari Shubhrat , Akhtar Juber , Sheikh Suvaiv , Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar
Published: February 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by progressive memory and cognitive decline, posing a formidable
public health challenge. This review explores the intricate interplay between
two pivotal players in AD pathogenesis: β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau
protein. While the amyloid cascade theory has long dominated AD research, recent
developments have ignited debates about its centrality. Aβ plaques and
tau NFTs are hallmark pathologies in AD. Aducanumab and lecanemab, monoclonal
antibodies targeting Aβ, have been approved, albeit amidst controversy,
raising questions about the therapeutic efficacy of Aβ-focused
interventions. On the other hand, tau, specifically its hyperphosphorylation,
disrupts microtubule stability and contributes to neuronal dysfunction. Various
post-translational modifications of tau drive its aggregation into NFTs.
Emerging treatments targeting tau, such as GSK-3β and CDK5 inhibitors,
have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. Restoring the
equilibrium between protein kinases and phosphatases, notably protein
phosphatase-2A (PP2A), is a promising avenue for AD therapy, as tau is primarily
regulated by its phosphorylation state. Activation of tau-specific phosphatases
offers potential for mitigating tau pathology. The evolving landscape of AD drug
development emphasizes tau-centric therapies and reevaluation of the amyloid
cascade hypothesis. Additionally, exploring the role of neuroinflammation and
its interaction with tau pathology present promising research directions.
“Pure Fat Flap”—Perforator-based Adiposal Layer Only Flap for Lateral Ankle Reconstruction
Authors: Lee Seok Joon , Cho Jeongmok , Pak Changsik , Suh Hyunsuk , Hong Joon Pio
Published: February 2024

Lateral ankle soft tissue defects pose challenges, especially in cases due to chronic pressure from cross-legged sitting, which usually present with a large dead space, small skin opening that often accompanies an open joint. Traditional reconstruction methods using fasciocutaneous flaps may result in donor site morbidity such as delayed wound healing or nerve injury. In this article, we present a case of diabetes-related lateral ankle defect successfully treated using adiposal layer only flap, also known as pure fat flap. The anatomy and the surgical technique of adiposal layer only flap were reviewed. These flaps preserve the subdermal plexus and deep fascia while obliterating dead space and providing a gliding surface for proper ankle movement. A perforator-based adiposal layer only flap was elevated from the peroneal artery and used to cover the defect. Flap perfusion was confirmed using indocyanine green video angiography and color duplex ultrasound. Patient had a successful recovery with minimal donor site morbidity. The technique expands the reconstructive microsurgeon's options for complex ankle coverage, ensuring optimal wound healing and functional outcomes.
Postnatal Steroids Use for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in a Quaternary Care NICU
Authors: Kanagaraj Uthayakumaran , Tan Jason , Soraisham Amuchou , Lodha Abhay , Shah Prakesh , Kulkarni Tapas , Shivananda Sandesh
Published: February 2024

Objective Intercenter variation and trends in postnatal steroids (PNS) use among preterm infants for prevention or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is known. Understanding intracenter PNS use patterns facilitate implementation of center-specific change interventions to optimize outcomes.

This study aimed to (i) quantify the proportion of infants who received PNS, and describe the timing, type, trends over time, regimen used, and deviations, and (2) describe the clinical characteristics and unadjusted outcomes of infants who received PNS.

Study Design This was a cohort study in a quaternary neonatal intensive care unit including infants born at less than 33 weeks, and who received PNS for prevention or treatment of BPD between 2011 and 2021. Following data were included: proportion of babies who received PNS; type of PNS; age at initiation and duration; trends over time; deviation from published regimen; morbidity, mortality, and cointerventions.

Results One hundred and eighty four infants (8% of <33 week' infants) received PNS. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) gestational age and birth weight were 25 (24–26) weeks and 720 (625–841) grams, respectively. The median (IQR) day of initiation and duration of PNS use were 29 (19–38) and 10 (10–22) days, respectively. One hundred and fifty-seven (85%) infants received dexamethasone (DX) and 22 (12%) received hydrocortisone as the first PNS course, and 71 (39%) infants received multiple courses. The proportion of infants receiving PNS remained unchanged, but the cumulative median dose received for BPD per patient increased by 56%. Nearly one-third of cumulative PNS dose came from PNS used for non-BPD indications. Forty-six percent infants had a deviation from published regimen (±20% deviation in duration or ±10% deviation in dose). Survival, survival without major morbidity, moderate-to-severe BPD, and technology dependence at discharge were 87, 2, 91, and 67%, respectively.

Conclusion Increased variation in PNS use, deviation from published regimen, and concurrent PNS exposure from non-BPD indication offer insights into implementing interventions to improve processes.

Key Points
Respiratory Severity Score and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Age 3 Years in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Tamai Kei , Takeuchi Akihito , Nakamura Makoto , Matsumoto Naomi , Yorifuji Takashi , Kageyama Misao
Published: February 2024

Objective We aimed to examine the association between respiratory severity score (RSS; mean airway pressure × fraction of inspired oxygen) and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely preterm infants.

Study Design This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study. We analyzed data from extremely preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Okayama Medical Center between 2010 and 2019. Infants without invasive respiratory management during the first day of life were excluded. The exposure variable was the highest RSS during the first day of life. RSS was categorized into two groups: low (<3.5) and high (≥3.5) RSS. The primary outcome was death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 3 years, defined as cognitive impairment (developmental quotient <70) or the presence of cerebral palsy. Secondary outcomes were the components of the primary outcome. We conducted robust Poisson regression analyses to investigate the association between RSS category and primary and secondary outcomes, adjusting for perinatal confounders.

Results The cohort included 97 infants with neurodevelopmental data, of whom 34 and 63 infants were in the low- and high-RSS categories, respectively. The median (interquartile range) gestational age and birth weight were 26.0 (24.7–26.9) and 25.7 (24.6–26.7) weeks and 761 (584–866) and 806 (618–898) g for infants in the low- and high-RSS categories, respectively. Compared with infants in the low-RSS category, those in the high-RSS category had a greater risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 3 years (26.3 vs. 42.3%; adjusted risk ratio [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–3.5) and neurodevelopmental impairment at age 3 years (17.6 vs. 28.6%; adjusted RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3–5.9).

Conclusion High RSS (≥3.5) during the first day of life was associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment at age 3 years in extremely preterm infants.

Key Points
Stereoselective Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydrobenzofuro[3,2-b]pyridin-2(1H)-ones Enabled by Pd/Chiral Isothiourea Relay Catalysis
Authors: Sayed Mostafa , Han Zhi-Yong , Shi Zhipeng , Fan Tao , Shen Hong-Cheng
Published: February 2024

A highly enantioselective [4+2] cyclization of azadienes with ketene in situ generated from Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of benzyl bromides, is established through Pd/chiral isothiourea relay catalysis. The key in this transformation is the formation of a C1-ammonium enolate from the in situ generated ketene and a chiral isothiourea catalyst, which subsequently undergoes a formal [4+2] reaction, leading to 3,4-dihydrobenzofuro[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives in high yields and excellent levels of stereoselectivity.
Successful Laparoscopic Hepaticojejunostomy for Infant Congenital Biliary Dilatation with both Aberrant Right Hepatic Artery and Bile Duct from the Caudate Region
Authors: Onishi Shun , Yamada Koji , Murakami Masakazu , Harumatsu Toshio , Kawano Takafumi , Ieiri Satoshi
Published: February 2024

A boy with congenital hydronephrosis underwent ultrasonography every month for follow-up. At 4 months of age, ultrasonography incidentally revealed congenital biliary dilatation (5-cm type Ia). We performed laparoscopic extrahepatic bile duct resection and hepaticojejunostomy. After dissecting the dilated common bile duct (CBD), we found that the arcading-like shaped right hepatic artery (RHA) coursed in front of the CBD. Additionally, a tiny duct was identified below the main hepatic duct. At first, we thought it was a lymphatic vessel and dissected it from the main hepatic duct. However, bile flow out was recognized after dissecting the tiny duct. Finally, we confirmed it as an aberrant bile duct from the caudate region. We anastomosed the bile duct from the caudate region and main hepatic duct in a double-barrel fashion and performed hepaticojejunostomy below the RHA. The postoperative course was uneventful. Ultrasonography showed no intrahepatic ductal dilatation including the caudate lobe.
Time-resolved ion energy measurements using a retarding potential analyzer for electric propulsion applications
Authors: Thomas Austen , Lemmer Kristina
Published: February 2024

To completely characterize the evolving state of a plasma, diagnostic tools that enable measurements of the time-resolved behavior are required. In this study, a gridded ion source with superimposed oscillations was utilized to verify the functionality of a high-speed retarding potential analyzer (HSRPA), at frequencies equivalent to the low frequency oscillations occurring in Hall effect thrusters (HETs). The verification of this device provides an effective alternative to existing diagnostics for measuring time-resolved ion energies. Retarding potential analyzers (RPAs) have established themselves as a fundamental diagnostic in the field of electric propulsion (EP), enabling the measurement of ion energy distributions within the plumes of EP thrusters. The work presented here has demonstrated the capability of a standard RPA in conjunction with high-speed circuitry and data fusion techniques to produce time-resolved ion energy distribution functions (IEDFs) at higher frequencies and beam potentials than have previously been investigated. Tested frequencies ranged between 20 and 80 kHz with 10 V peak-to peak oscillations at a mean beam potential of 570 V. In addition, measurements were conducted with several waveforms, functioning as the superimposed oscillation, including a sine wave, triangle wave, and noisy sine wave. Data from the HSRPA were successfully reconstructed into time series utilizing two data fusion techniques: the empirical transfer function method and shadow manifold interpolation. Time-resolved IEDFs were produced at all frequency set points and waveforms. This investigation has demonstrated the HSRPA effectiveness at producing time-resolved measurements under conditions similar to those occurring in HETs.
Acoustic-optomechanical oscillator for low noise equivalent pressure and large broadband response acoustic sensing applications
Authors: Liu Yize , Jiang Junfeng , Liu Kun , Wang Shuang , Niu Panpan , Wang Tong , Xu Tianhua , Zhang Xuezhi , Liu Tiegen
Published: February 2024

There is a great need for precise ultrasound sensing across science and technology fields. To meet these increasing demands, more requirements of miniaturization, high sensitivity, and broadband response to sensors have been proposed. In this work, we demonstrate and characterize an acousto-optomechanical oscillator based on a silica microbubble and employ it as an acoustic sensor. The dual oscillation modulated by acoustic wave and radiation pressure has a unique waveform that consists of slow and fast oscillation periods, similar to the common amplitude modulation. The phenomenon is modeled by the generic cavity optomechanics dispersive framework and is experimentally validated. The dual resonance enhances the response amplitude of the acoustic signal and avoids narrow working bandwidth around the resonant frequency in a traditional mechanical resonator. Finally, the ultrasensitive broadband acoustic wave sensing experiment is explored, and the sensitivity of 27.98 mV/Pa and the noise equivalent pressure of 0.89 Pa with broadband acoustic responses are achieved. This acoustic sensing method provides a promising platform for applications, such as biomedical diagnosis, industrial monitoring, and trace chemical sensing.
Gas flow through a packed bed with low tube-to-particle diameter ratio: Effect of pellet roughness
Authors: Papkov V. , Shadymov N. , Pashchenko D.
Published: February 2024

The packed beds are widely used in many industry sectors, such as energy, chemical engineering, and transportation. The prediction of fluid flow parameters is an important task for designing the packed bed units. In this study, the packed beds filled with spherical, cylindrical, and Raschig ring particles were experimentally and numerically investigated to understand the effect of pellet roughness on fluid flow parameters. The packed bed parameters were varied as follows: pellet roughness of 0.001–20 μm; velocity of 1–10 m/s; D/dp ratio of 2.9 and 4.8; packed bed length of 50–250 mm. It was established that the pressure drop increases significantly when the pellet roughness increases. Both numerical and experimental results showed a high deviation between our data and well-known empirical correlations. For this reason, a new correlation coefficient K for the Ergun equation taking into account pellet roughness was proposed. The correlation coefficient K provides a good correlation between the pressure drops calculated via the modified Ergun equation and the experimental/numerical data for a wide range of operational and design parameters.
High spin Hall angle in BiSb topological insulator and perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB/MgO multilayers with metallic interfacial layers
Authors: Ruixian Zhang , Huy Ho Hoang , Shirokura Takanori , Hai Pham Nam , Le Quang , York Brian , Hwang Cherngye , Liu Xiaoyong , Gribelyuk Michael , Xu Xiaoyu , Le Son , Maeda Maki , Fan Tuo , Tao Yu , Takano Hisashi
Published: February 2024

In this study, we investigate the spin Hall effect in heterostructures of Bi0.85Sb0.15 (10 nm) topological insulator/Ru(Ti)/Ta/Co20Fe60B20/MgO with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. By optimizing the Ru (Ti) interfacial layer thickness as well as deposition condition of BiSb, we achieve a large effective spin Hall angle of 6.0 ± 0.1 and relatively high electrical conductivity of 1.5 × 105 Ω−1 m−1 at room temperature. We, then, demonstrate spin–orbit torque-induced magnetization switching driven by a small threshold current density of 1 × 106 Acm−2. Benchmarking shows that the writing power consumption of our stack is 2–3 orders smaller than that of heavy metals.
Critical laser frequency for nanofluid pendant droplet evaporation
Authors: Wang Hao , Xu Jinliang , Yan Xin , Liu Guohua
Published: February 2024

Droplet evaporation is a complex and fundamental topic that holds great scientific interest due to its relevance in numerous physical and biological processes. We systematically study laser-induced nanofluid droplet evaporation under varying light frequencies. Our findings indicate the existence of two spectral regimes where droplet evaporation is either enhanced or inhibited, which is in stark contrast to the constant regime observed under fixed laser power. The enhanced regime is attributed to the rapid heat transfer initiated by the formation of vapor microbubbles inside the droplet, causing an increase in the overall temperature of the droplet. Conversely, the inhibited regime is associated with reduced heat conduction inside the droplet resulting from localized cooling effects brought about by droplet evaporation. Correlations between heat transfer mechanisms and thermal responses at the droplet surface further support these observations. We also demonstrate that both convective and conductive heat transfers determine the critical light frequency to enhance droplet evaporation. Three light-driven flow patterns are additionally identified inside the droplet. These are photophobic, phototropic, and rolling flows, which are driven by the explosive bubble growth, surface tension gradients, and mass shifts in the droplet center, respectively. Understanding these properties is important for developing miniature evaporators, nanoparticle self-assembly, and various biomedicine applications requiring precise temperature and kinetic control.
Graphene oxide wrapped porous NiO/CNT microspheres with excellent lithium storage performance
Authors: Zhu Guozhen , Huang Yujing , Zhang Yiyao , Liu Zhaochuan , Yang Zhen , Che Renchao
Published: February 2024

Three-dimensional porous NiO/CNT microspheres are constructed by the facile spray-drying method and subsequent annealing treatment under N2 atmosphere, which are subsequently wrapped by graphene oxide (GO) to form the porous NiO/CNT/GO microspheres. Benefiting from abundant pores distributed between NiO nanoparticles and CNT, porous NiO/CNT/GO microspheres exhibit a good cycling stability (333.6 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2000 mA g−1). Thanks to CNTs distributed inside the microspheres and GO that provides support for microspheres, porous NiO/CNT/GO microspheres show a high rate performance (445.1 mA h g−1 at 5000 mA g−1). This work provides an approach for the synthesis of high-performance lithium-ion battery anode materials, and the synthesis of porous NiO/CNT/GO microspheres plays a very important role in promoting applied physics, which has brought vitality to physics.
Aerodynamic behavior during closing of sliding door based on fluid–solid coupled simulation
Authors: Chen Ziming , Qiu Sawei , Xue Zhigang , Li Luoxing
Published: February 2024

The air pressure resistance experienced by an automotive door during its closing process significantly affects user experience. However, owing to the motion complexity of sliding doors, their aerodynamic behavior during closing has not been investigated. In this study, a fluid–solid coupled simulation approach is proposed, in which data exchange between multibody dynamics simulation and computational fluid dynamics simulation is achieved via the functional mockup interface protocol. Actual vehicle tests are conducted to validate the coupled simulation approach, and the results show an average error of 5.2% for the maximum air pressure in the cabin during door-closing. Investigations into the aerodynamic behavior show that the air pressure distribution inside the cabin remains highly uniform throughout the door-closing process and that a significant correlation exists between the air pressure variation and sliding door motion. The effects of the motion mechanism parameters of the sliding door on air pressure are analyzed. A positive correlation is indicated between the air pressure and middle rail radius. When the radius increases from 60 to 120 mm, the maximum air pressure increases by 13.6%. Positive correlations are indicated between the air pressure and the offsets of the hinge of the middle arm along the x- and y-directions. When the hinge's offset is changed from −10 to 10 mm along the x- and y-directions, the maximum air pressure increases by 5.5% and 8.9%, respectively.
An initial value insensitive method for phase equilibrium calculation: Constrained backtracking search optimization algorithm
Authors: Zhan Yaqian , Hu Zhongbo , Kou Jisheng , Su Qinghua
Published: February 2024

Phase equilibrium calculations are frequently encountered in various industrial processes and many methods, including direct solution methods based on Newton's method and indirect solution methods based on thermodynamic principles sprang out. They all can calculate the satisfactory solutions of phase equilibria problem under given volume, temperature, and moles (NVT-flash), but there still exist problems of initial value sensitivity and solving complex derivatives. Thus, a constrained backtracking search optimization algorithm (CBSA), which added constraints handling of the NVT-flash problem to the original operation of BSA, is presented in this paper. The proposed algorithm takes the total Helmholtz free energy as the objective function, and the moles vector and volume of a certain phase as the decision variables. The direct search method and exterior point method were used to handle the constraints of NVT-flash problem. The numerical test results are 100% consistent with the published data, which verify the effectiveness and energy decay property of the proposed algorithm. The proposed scheme is the first successful attempt to apply meta-heuristic algorithm to the field of phase equilibrium calculation. This hints the wide application prospect of meta-heuristic algorithms in this field as well as broadens the application range of meta-heuristic optimization algorithms.
Balanced implicit Patankar–Euler methods for positive solutions of stochastic differential equations of biological regulatory systems
Authors: Chen Aimin , Ren Quanwei , Zhou Tianshou , Burrage Pamela , Tian Tianhai , Burrage Kevin
Published: February 2024

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are a powerful tool to model fluctuations and uncertainty in complex systems. Although numerical methods have been designed to simulate SDEs effectively, it is still problematic when numerical solutions may be negative, but application problems require positive simulations. To address this issue, we propose balanced implicit Patankar–Euler methods to ensure positive simulations of SDEs. Instead of considering the addition of balanced terms to explicit methods in existing balanced methods, we attempt the deletion of possible negative terms from the explicit methods to maintain positivity of numerical simulations. The designed balanced terms include negative-valued drift terms and potential negative diffusion terms. The proposed method successfully addresses the issue of divisions with very small denominators in our recently designed stochastic Patankar method. Stability analysis shows that the balanced implicit Patankar–Euler method has much better stability properties than our recently designed composite Patankar–Euler method. Four SDE systems are used to examine the effectiveness, accuracy, and convergence properties of balanced implicit Patankar–Euler methods. Numerical results suggest that the proposed balanced implicit Patankar–Euler method is an effective and efficient approach to ensure positive simulations when any appropriate stepsize is used in simulating SDEs of biological regulatory systems.
Dynamical arrest transition of a bidisperse two-patchy colloidal dispersion: A dynamic Monte Carlo study
Authors: Ramírez-Kantun Roger , Pérez-Ángel Gabriel , Castañeda-Priego Ramón
Published: February 2024

During the last few years, patchy colloidal dispersions have emerged as ideal candidates of glass-formers of systems composed of particles that interact with non-isotropic potentials. However, from the computational point of view, the characterization of their dynamical properties close to the glass transition via any kind of molecular dynamics simulation technique can be very difficult due to the slowing down of both the rotational and translational dynamics. Although a plethora of dynamical techniques have been developed to account for the dynamics of patchy colloids, new and complementary simulation techniques are required to explore, much faster and more efficiently, the dynamical arrest transition of patchy colloidal dispersions when computer simulation consists of a large number of particles and, due to the slow particle dynamics at the glass transition, an extended time window is explicitly required. Then, in this contribution, by means of the so-called dynamic-Monte Carlo method, we report on the dynamical arrest transition, both rotational and translational, of a bidisperse patchy colloidal dispersion, following three different paths along the density-temperature plane, including high densities and low temperatures. Although this method has not been extensively tested at extreme thermodynamic conditions, we show that even at the dynamical arrest transition, it allows us to extract good dynamical data from a complex system. Therefore, it turns out to be a promising technique to explore the onset of vitrification of anisotropic colloidal particles.