bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Suppression Effect on Tumor Growth of Colorectal Cancer by Combining Radiotherapy With a TRAIL-Armed Oncolytic Adenovirus
Authors: Gao Hangxiang , Zhang Xin , Ding Ying , Qiu Rong , Hong Yupeng , Chen Wanyuan
Published: May 2019

The combination of gene therapy and radiation is a promising new treatment for cancer. This study aimed to clarify the synergistic effect of targeted oncolytic adenovirus (radiotherapy-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) and radiotherapy on colorectal cancer cells and elucidate the mechanisms of the underlying antitumor activity. Viability, cell cycle status, and apoptosis of treated colorectal cancer cells were determined via MTT and flow cytometric assays. The molecular mechanism underlying apoptotic pathway activation was elucidated through Western blot analysis of caspase-8, caspase-3, and PARP proteins. Combination treatment with radiotherapy-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and radiotherapy displayed significantly greater antitumor activity than either of the monotherapies. The primary mechanism behind the antitumor activity in the SW480 and Lovo colorectal cancer cell lines was apoptosis induction through the caspase pathway and G1 phase arrest. In an SW480 xenograft model of colorectal cancer, the combination therapy achieved a significantly greater reduction in tumor volume than the monotherapies. Overall, in this study, we demonstrate that the oncolytic radiotherapy-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand construct can sensitize human colorectal cancer cells to radiation-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our findings point toward a novel synergistic approach to colorectal cancer treatment.
Transformational Learning in First-Year Australian Preservice Primary Teacher
Authors: Lummis Geoffrey , Lock Graeme , Freeman Clare , Ferguson Catherine Anne
Published: May 2019

The early experience of commencing university students is an important precursor for retention and student success and involves a transformation in learning. This article reports the experiences of commencing students in an Australian Education (Primary) degree. Data were collected using a mixed methods approach, consisting of an online survey, and semistructured interviews. The data revealed that respondents experienced some phases of Mezirow’s transformational learning theory. Interviewees were enthusiastic about their future career with high scores in the online instrument for academic orientation and student identity, which indicated that they were experiencing the building of confidence and competence in new roles (Phase 7) and provisionally trying out new roles (Phase 8). Nevertheless, all respondents indicated being overwhelmed by the unexpectedly high academic study load, indicating a disorientating dilemma (Phase 1). These results are placed in the context of student retention and degree completion.
Current Evidence of Combination of Oral Antibiotics and Mechanical Bowel Preparation in Elective Colorectal Surgery and Their Impact on Anastomotic Leak
Authors: Ioannidis Argyrios , Zoikas Athanasios , Wexner Steven D.
Published: May 2019

Anastomotic leak represents a potentially catastrophic complication following colorectal surgery. Preoperatively, bowel preparation has a significant role in anastomotic leak prevention, but the optimal method remains unclear. Recently, numerous studies have supported combined mechanical bowel preparation and oral antibiotics prior to elective colorectal operations. Based on the plethora of recent data, we hope that surgeons will routinely use a combination of oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel preparation prior to elective colorectal resections.
Rethinking the Principles of Emotion Taxonomy
Authors: Kron Assaf
Published: May 2019

This article examines whether a functionalist approach to emotion classification is a research program that can feasibly be implemented in an experimental environment. I suggest that this is a promise perhaps impossible to keep. The crux of the argument is that if functional taxonomy is to go the full distance and shape experimental conditions to the new boundaries, then stimuli/experimental manipulations must be selected based on functional principles. But this seems implausible or even impossible. I conclude that emotion taxonomy, and thus the metastructure of emotion theory, is both constrained and determined by human emotional feelings, and suggest that feelings have a special epistemological status in emotion research.
Family Legacy of Diabetes-Related Behaviors: An Exploration of the Experiences of African American Parents and Adult Children
Authors: Routh Brianna , Hurt Tera , Winham Donna , Lanningham-Foster Lorraine
Published: May 2019

African Americans are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and this risk may be influenced by familial experiences and cultural norms throughout the life course. This led us to conduct this study of 20 African American families with strong histories of T2DM to explore familial complexities that prevent or help manage diabetic symptoms. Experiences were analyzed inductively through individual family profiles created using content-analytic summaries. When profiles were further analyzed for emerging and theoretically informed data patterns, two themes emerged: (a) family interactions characterized by T2DM-related actions and communication patterns, and (b) intergenerational patterns of openness characterized by variations in approach within generational cohort and parental gender. Through inquiries related to intergenerational experiences with T2DM, nursing and health care professionals may be better able to tailor and promote success for prevention and management of behaviors among high-risk African Americans.
Effectiveness of interventions for reducing TB incidence in countries with low TB incidence: a systematic review of reviews
Authors: Collin Simon M. , Wurie Fatima , Muzyamba Morris C. , de Vries Gerard , Lönnroth Knut , Migliori Giovanni Battista , Abubakar Ibrahim , Anderson Sarah R. , Zenner Dominik
Published: May 2019

Aims

What is the evidence base for the effectiveness of interventions to reduce tuberculosis (TB) incidence in countries which have low TB incidence?

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of interventions for TB control and prevention relevant to low TB incidence settings (<10 cases per 100 000 population). Our analysis was stratified according to “direct” or “indirect” effects on TB incidence. Review quality was assessed using AMSTAR2 criteria. We summarised the strength of review level evidence for interventions as “sufficient”, “tentative”, “insufficient” or “no” using a framework based on the consistency of evidence within and between reviews.

Results

We found sufficient review level evidence for direct effects on TB incidence/case prevention of vaccination and treatment of latent TB infection. We also found sufficient evidence of beneficial indirect effects attributable to drug susceptibility testing and adverse indirect effects (measured as sub-optimal treatment outcomes) in relation to use of standardised first-line drug regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB and intermittent dosing regimens. We found insufficient review level evidence for direct or indirect effects of interventions in other areas, including screening, adherence, multidrug-resistant TB, and healthcare-associated infection.

Discussion

Our review has shown a need for stronger evidence to support expert opinion and country experience when formulating TB control policy.
Magnetic resonance enterography features of small bowel Crohn’s disease activity: an inter-rater reliability study of small bowel active inflammation in clinical practice setting
Authors: Tsai Richard , Mintz Aaron , Lin Michael , Mhlanga Joyce , Chiplunker Adeeti , Salter Amber , Ciorba Matthew , Deepak Parakkal , Fowler Kathryn
Published: May 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study is to determine the interrater agreement in a clinical practice environment for the most commonly used magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) features of Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods:

CD patients with MRE’s before and after treatment were retrospectively identified using search queries over a 7-year period (May 2017–September 2017). MRE features of CD comprising components of multiple CD scoring indices were scored by radiologists in the same segment of bowel. Agreement for nominal categorical and continuous variables was assessed using a κ and interclass correlation coefficients, respectively.

Results:

80 scans comprised the study population. Moderate interrater agreement was seen in both the pre- and post-treatment MRE’s for presence of diffusion restriction (к = 0.43, 0.48; pre- and post-treatment), stricturing disease (к = 0.51, 0.52), overall degree of severity (к = 0.49, 0.59). Substantial agreement was seen in pre- and post-treatment scans for length of involvement (interclass correlation coefficient = 0.67, 0.61). The presence of mucosal ulceration had no agreement (к = −0.07, –0.042).

Conclusion:

Many MRE features of active CD comprising the major CD scoring indices are reproducible when interpreted by non-CD focused abdominal radiologists. However, the presence of mucosal ulcerations had no agreement and may need more investigation before including this feature as a driver in therapeutic decision making.

Advances in knowledge:

Demonstrates the unreliability of mucosal ulceration by non-CD focused abdominal radiologists, targeting a potential area for future education.

Key Points

The majority of MRE findings incorporated in to many CD scoring indices have fair to moderate inter-rater agreement even when read by non-MRE expert radiologists. Substantial agreement was seen in the length of involved bowel, but this feature is only incorporated in to one of the CD scoring indices. Presence of mucosal ulcerations had no interrater agreement in our study—a feature which is heavily weighted by several CD scoring indices. Research should be focused bridging those features which have poor interrater agreement.
Notes on a Gladiatorial Inscription from Plotinopolis
Authors: Papanikolaou Dimitrios
Published: May 2019

The paper is concerned with a new gladiatorial tombstone from Plotinopolis. The paper raises serious doubts on the text of the inscription offered by itsinitial editor (Tsoka 2015); it also pinpoints towards Sharankov’s proposal(Année Épigraphique 2014 [2017] no. 1165, 493) as the only viable solution forthe text of the inscription, citing also unnoticed parallel passages from ancientGreek inscriptions and texts as evidence substantiating the new reading of the stone (see nn. 7-9). The paper expresses also disagreement over Tsoka’s assertion that thewords λοῦδοι and Μάτερνος of the inscription are mere transcriptions into Greek letters of the Latin words ludi, Maternus – and that the name Μάτερνοςimplies Romanisation. It is argued that the Latin-derived name of a gladiator ghting in the Eastern (Greek-speaking) side of the Roman Empire is not a safe marker of Romanisation. This is demonstrated by the epigraphical evidenceattesting to the habit of Greek-speaking gladiators to adopt professionalpseudonyms, many of them (25% of all recorded cases) Latin-derived ones; thepaper argues that the name Μάτερνος is simply a Latin-derived gladiatorialpseudonym. Plutarch’s testimony further substantiates that gladiators could be ethnic Greeks or culture-Greeks (see n. 20). As far as the word λοῦδοι is concerned, the poetic declination of the word in the stone attests to the laststages in the adaptation of a Latin-derived word into a fundamentally Greek linguistic environment. The paper argues that the Latin-derived vocabulary ofthe stone (Μάτερνος, λοῦδοι) should be viewed as a further piece of evidenceattesting to the recognition on the part of the Greek-speakers of the time, that gladiation was a fundamentally Roman cultural institution, a cultural import whose onomastics and terminology could rather remain untranslated.
Discrete mathematics
Authors: Ходаков Виктор , Hodakov Viktor , Соколова Надежда , Sokolova Nadezhda
Published: May 2019

The training guide is devoted to the presentation of the foundations of discrete mathematics. The main sections are presented: theories of sets, mathematical logic, relations, formal systems, algorithms, algebras, combinatorics, graphs, fractal sets.
The theoretical material is illustrated by a large number of examples. The guide includes not only basic concepts and theoretical results, but also methods and algorithms for solving applied tasks.
Addressed primarily to teachers and students of higher technical universities, but it can be useful to those who are wish to study it independently. With this goal, a large number of tasks are included, for the knowledge control and the system of assessing them. In each section there are two-level test tasks. The first level – tests to check the compulsory minimum of knowledge, the second – tasks of full complexity.
The historical information about scientists who contributed to the development of discrete mathematics is given.
History and methodology of science of public administration
Authors: Балашов Алексей , Balashov Aleksey
Published: May 2019

The textbook discusses history and contemporary challenges of public administration science. Development of this field is also reviewed as well as actual research directions and methodological basis of public administration studies.
One of the textbook main goals is to help organize and undertake study for someone who specializes in this area.
This publication is aimed at Masters of Public Administration as well as at students – future political scientists, sociologists, managers and anyone who deals with the problems of science and practice in the field of public administration.
New experiences Starting school
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: May 2019

Everything parents need to know about preparing their children for starting school and settling in, with helpful tips and advice. By Annette Rawstrone
Risk and return
Authors: Mountain Julie
Published: May 2019

In the first of a four-part series, Julie Mountain explores what Japanese kindergartens can teach us about risk-taking and resilience
training The new Level 3 apprenticeship
Authors: Crown Hannah
Published: May 2019

After five years of delays, the new Level 3 early years apprenticeship standard is finally here. So what's new? Hannah Crown looks at the end-point assessment
Growth modulation in idiopathic angular knee deformities: Is it predictable?
Authors: Danino B , Rödl R. , Herzenberg J. E. , Shabtai L. , Grill F. , Narayanan U. , Segev E. , Wientroub S.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

To evaluate the temporal and spatial sequence of events following temporal hemiepiphysiodesis in idiopathic knee varus/valgus.

Methods

This is a retrospective multicentre study on 372 physes in 206 patients. The average rate of correction (ROC) was calculated; univariate and multivariate analysis were performed.

Results

In all, 92% of the femoral physes were followed for more than one year/reached skeletal maturity. Of those, 93% were corrected to a mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) of 85° to 89°; 2% did not, while 5% were over-corrected. A total of 92% of the tibial physes were followed for more than one year/reached skeletal maturity. Of those, 92% were corrected to a mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) of 85° to 89°; 2% did not, while 6% were over-corrected. Factors significantly influencing success and ROC were age, direction and magnitude of deformity. Femoral ROC was significantly faster than tibial ROC: 0.85° versus 0.78°/month, respectively (p = 0.05). Femoral valgus ROC was significantly faster than varus ROC: 0.90° versus 0.77°/month, respectively (p = 0.04). A constant was derived to calculate the amount of correction. Significant correlation was found between calculated and actual mLDFA in valgus deformity during the first year (r = 0.58 to 0.87, p < 0.01). Calculated mLDFA of varus deformity did not correlate with actual mLDFA. Significant correlation was found when calculating mMPTA correction in all deformities.

Conclusions

Femur corrects faster than tibia; valgus femoral deformities are corrected faster than varus. Valgus correction in the distal femur/proximal tibia as well as varus correction in the tibia in idiopathic patients is highly predictable. The constant derived is the first tool which enables predicting and monitoring amount of correction in hemiepiphysiodesis when correcting angular deformities around the knee.

Level of Evidence

IV
Potency of Commercial Symbiotic Bio-Fertilizer Consortium for Mitigating the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS)
Authors: Giovannetti Giusto , Polo Flavio , Nutricato Sara , Masoero Giorgio , Nuti Marco
Published: May 2019

The inoculation of soil with a bio-fertilizer (BF), with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, characterizes a Symbiotic (S) agriculture mode, aimed at promoting the yield and health of crops through modifications in the rhizosphere as well as in the plant phenotype. The main objective of this study was to reduce the incidence of Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS, involving Xylella fastidiosasubsp.pauca) that afflicts the olive groves in Apulia (Italy). Non-inoculated control (C) plants were compared with Symbiotic (S) plants inoculated with 20 kg ha-1 of Micosat F ®, through a 15 cm deep scarification, in the groves of seven farms covering an area of 27 ha. In addition to a visual observation of 484 plants, to obtain a gradation of the disease severity, some objective rapid type methods were utilized to survey the plants and soil , namely leaf pH, NIR tomoscopy of the leaves, hay-litter-bag probes coupled with NIR spectroscopy and the prediction of soil induced respiration. The fingerprinting of the S and C types of leaves and litter-bags was ascertained by means of the use of a random forest algorithm in the classification matrices. The results on the symptoms appeared variable: they were significantly mitigated in two groves out of six, but they were aggravated in one.

All the rapid measurements became essentials in a “holistic” model which was able to explain over 95% of the average mitigation / null / aggravation response to BF inoculation. The holistic model gathers differential and compositional analyses of the leaf (pH, crude protein, water) and of the soil (respiration), but depends mainly on the fingerprinting of the C and S leaves and litter-bags. Two keys were identified for a successful inoculation: a high degree of variability of the soil conditions permitting hospitality for the BF with enhancement of the microbial activity in the S soil (lowering the fingerprint of the control litter-bags) and homogeneity of the leaves (with increases in the fingerprint of the S leaves treated with BF). In short, the inoculation of diseased plants with one BF consortium is far from being the ultimate remedy to mitigate OQDS in all situations. Further studies are needed, at a field level, to clarify the soil hosting capacity and to define the mycorrhizal and / or endophytic * plant * pathogen interactions, even using rapid methods.
OPTIMASI PELAKSANAAN PENERTIBAN PEMAKAIAN TENAGA LISTRIK (P2TL) SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN SAVING KWH DAN PENEKANAN SUSUT NON TEKNIS DI PT. PLN (PERSERO) RAYON SEMARANG SELATAN
Authors: Novena Putri Irene Ega , Subari Arkhan
Published: May 2019

Irene Ega Novena Putri, Arkhan Subari, in this paper explain that this study will describe the existing condition P2TL implementation in Rayon South Semarang, examine the root of the problem of lack of optimal implementation of P2TL, and describes efforts to optimizing the implementation in Rayon P2TL South Semarang. The method used is a combination of quantitative and qualitative. The approach used to establish the conditions of implementation P2TL is through observation by setting a good standard P2TL, examining implementation procedures and examined the results of the implementation P2TL P2TL in January-March and discussed the obstacles in its implementation. The approach used to discuss in detail P2TL performance in January-March was through discussion violations committed customers, the amount of saving kWh for three months, the effect of saving kWh in the percentage of shrinkage, and effort optimizing the performance of P2TL. Results of this research note that saving kWh obtained in January-March amounted to 48 599 kWh, or approximately 13% of the targeted savings through the implementation P2TL kWh, thus concluded that the performance P2TL not optimal. Effect of kWh saved is able to suppress shrinkage in January by 0.16% and in March by 0.5%. Efforts should be made in order to optimize the implementation of technically P2TL is through Early Detection of Violations. Efforts should be made in order to optimize the implementation of the non technical P2TL is through targeting of saving kWh monthly, fixing TO Rayon, a sweeping legalization customers, regeneration P2TL implementation team, and socialization prepaid electricity. Keywords: P2TL, shrinkage, saving kWh, TO.
SISTEM DESELERASI KECEPATAN OTOMATIS PADA MOBIL BERDASARKAN JARAK MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR ULTRASONIK HC-SR04 BERBASIS ARDUINO MEGA 2560
Authors: Musthofa Fikri , Winarno Heru
Published: May 2019

Fikri Musthofa, Heru Winarno, in this paper explain that along with the high number of accidents on the highway at this time of course must be a special concern for motorists. There are many factors that underlie the occurrence of an accident in driving, the most important of which is the factor of driver error in driving, such as drowsiness or lack of rest, lack of concentration, and much more. Besides the security system in vehicles is also very influential in reducing the number of accidents in driving. With the development of today's technology, it is necessary to create a speed deceleration system on the motor based on the distance to the barrier objects in front of the vehicle using ultrasonic sensors. Ultrasonic sensor which is a type of proximity sensor is a sensor that can detect distances so that it can be used as a sensor in this system. This system can reduce motor speed automatically when the sensor detects a barrier object in front with a distance of less than 300 cm. This system will be active when the ultrasonic sensor detects a distance of less than 300 cm. At that distance the Arduino Mega 2560 will adjust the PWM value of the motor, the motor PWM value will decrease 12% every second so that within a period of 8 seconds the motor will have a speed of 0 rpm which means the motor will stop. This system is expected to reduce the number of road accidents due to motorists' faults. Keywords: Speed Deceleration, PWM Method, Ultrasonic Sensor, Arduino Mega 2650.ReferencesAgus Setya Abadi, Delta. 2008. Sensor Ultrasonic Sebagai Alat Navigasi Robot Pemadam Api.. Tugas Akhir PSD III Teknik Elektro (Tidak diterbitkan) Semarang : Universitas Diponegoro.Anonimus. 2012. Sensor Ultrasonic HC-SR04. Diunduh dari http://arduino- learning.com/code/hc-sr04-ultrasonic-sensor-example.php diakses pada 1 Juni 2015 pukul 14.30 WIB.Anonimus. 2013. Rangkaian Skematik Driver Motor L298N. Diunduh dari http://www.yujum.com/rangkaian-dan-skematik-driver-motor-l298n/ diakses pada 17 Juni 2015 pukul 19.45.Anonimus. 2014. Accumulator atau Aki dan jenisnya. Diunduh dari http://www.sandielektronik.com/2014/03/accumulator-atau-aki.html diakses pada 30 Mei 2015 pukul 16.15 WIB.Prayogo, Rudito. 2012. Pengaturan PWM dengan PLC. Tugas Mata Kuliah Teknik Otomasi (Tidak diterbitkan). Malang: Universitas Brawijaya.Riny Sulistyowati. 2012. Perancangan Prototype System Kontrol Dan Monitoring Pembatas Daya Listrik Berbasis Mikrokontroler. Surabaya : Institut Adhi Tama Surabaya.Surono. 1988. Tata Tulis Karya Ilmiah Bahasa Indonesia. Semarang : Fakultas Sastra Universitas Diponegoro.
STUDI PERANCANGAN PROPULSI KAPAL PETI KEMAS 100 TEUS
Authors: Utomo Budi , Khristyson Samuel Febriary
Published: May 2019

Transportasi laut menjadi penghubung kebutuhan dan perekonomian antar pulau di Indonesia, daya angkut dibuat seoptimal mungkin untuk dapat menyuplai kebutuhan masyarakat. Kapal yang ditinjau adalah jenis kapal barang peti kemas. Perencanaan bentuk lambung kapal dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya adalah dari segi kegunaan kapal yang akan dibangun. Dari perhitungan hambatan dapat diketahui berapa Trust Horse Power sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menghitung efisiensi propulsi kapal. Kapal harus memiliki propulsi untuk melawan seluruh hambatan yang mungkin terjadi pada lambung kapal. Dari hasil analisis kapal barang peti kemas dengan kapasitas 100 teus memiliki daya mesin sebesar 1530 HP dengan sistem penggerak ganda dengan peletakan kamar mesin berada di belakang kapal. Tipe baling-baling yang di rencanakan adalah fixed pitch propeller B - 4. 40  , dengan bahan material bronze . Ukuran pitch daun baling-baling 1650 mm dengan diameter baling-baling sebesar 1850 mm.
Pengaruh Dexmedetomidine Intravena Terhadap Kadar Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD-1) Ginjal Kelinci Padarenal Ischemic Reperfusion Injury Model
Authors: Yusuprihastuti Maulitia Neny , Satoto Hari Hendriarto , Harahap Mohamad Sofyan
Published: May 2019

Latar belakang : Perubahan hemodinamik selama operasi dapat menyebabkan hipoperfusi organ yang berakibat pada kegagalan organ ginjal. Ischemic Reperfusion Injury (IRI) adalah penyebab utama dari kegagalan ginjal akut, dan dapat berakibat pada peningkatan morbiditas dan angka kematian. Dexmedetomidine adalah agonis α2 -adrenergik yang selektif,  menunjukkan sifat sparing anestesi, analgesia dan sifat simpatolitik, termasuk digunakan sebagai agen pelindung untuk Ischemic Reperfusion Injury (IRI) pada banyak sistem organ. Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD-1) memainkan peran penting dalam menyeimbangkan status oksidasi dan antioksidan, memberikan pertahananpenting terhadap toksisitas superoksida radikal, sehingga dapat melindungi sel dari kerusakan.Tujuan : Mengetahui efek dexmedetomidine intravena terhadap kadar SOD-1 ginjal kelinci dengan renal ischemic reperfusion injury model.Metode : Penelitian eksperimental Randomize Post Test Only Control Group Design menggunakan 16 kelinci New Zealand. 8 kelinci diberikan perlakuan dengan pemberian dexmedetomidine 0,5 mcg/kgbb/jam dan dilakukan oklusi pada arteri renalis. 8 kelinci yang tidak mengalami perlakuan juga dilakukan oklusi arteri renalis dan dilakukan pemeriksaan SOD-1 sebagai kontrol. Uji normalitas dengan Saphiro Wilk dilanjutkan uji parametrik menggunakan Mann Whitney.Hasil :Kadar rerata SOD-1 pada kelompok kontrol 0,8 dan nilai P 0,389 (normal) dan kadar rerata SOD-1 pada kelompok perlakuan 1,21 dan nilai P 0,014 (tidak normal). Uji beda digunakan uji parametrik Mann Whitney-test didapatkan nilai p = 0,016. Karena nilai p < 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna.Kesimpulan: Dexmedetomidine secara signifikan meningkatkan nilai SOD-1 pada kelinci New Zealand yang diberikan perlakuan oklusi pada arteri renalis.
Prasa polska o wyborach do Parlamentu Europejskiego w Polsce i w Niemczech w 2014 roku
Authors: Barabasz Adam
Published: May 2019

Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie opinii publicystów prasy polskiej na temat wyników wyborów do Parlamentu Europejskiego przeprowadzonych w Polsce i w Niemczech w 2014 roku. W publikacji zwrócono uwagę na metody prowadzenia kampanii przez polskie i niemieckie ugrupowania polityczne oraz punkty ciężkości w programach wyborczych partii w obu krajach. Przedstawiono również głównych zwycięzców i przegranych Eurowyborów z 2014 roku.
Współpraca transgraniczna na poziomie lokalnym. Opinie mieszkańców gmin powiatu kłodzkiego na temat kooperacji z partnerem czeskim. Analiza przypadku
Authors: Koźbiał Krzysztof
Published: May 2019

Badania, prowadzone metodą wywiadów pogłębionych, objęły dwie gminy pow. kłodzkiego: Nową Rudę (gmina wiejska) i Szczytną. Dotyczyły postrzegania współpracy transgranicznej. Ma ona miejsce na ziemi kłodzkiej od początku lat 90. XX stulecia, choć zwraca uwagę fakt, iż po wejściu Polski i Czech do UE nastąpiło jej zauważalne pogłębienie. Badania wykazały, iż kooperacja ponadgraniczna nie jest tematem szeroko znanym wśród mieszkańców tych gmin. Mimo to formułują oni pozytywne oceny tego rodzaju działań uznając, iż przyczyniają się do lepszego wzajemnego poznania i częstych kontaktów bezpośrednich między Polakami i Czechami. W istotnym stopniu kooperacja ta ma wpływ na postrzeganie południowych sąsiadów, które należy ocenić jako pozytywne. Wielu rozmówców uznało Republikę Czeską wręcz za wzór gospodarności. Ocena ta była jednak powierzchowna, nie poparta konkretnymi dowodami. Współpraca transgraniczna na ziemi kłodzkiej dotyczy głównie takich sfer jak turystyka i kultura, w większości przypadków jest koordynowana przez urzędy gmin i podległe im jednostki. Zaangażowanie organizacji pozarządowych w te procesy jest, w ocenie pytanych, mało zauważalne. Dla jej wzmocnienia niezbędne byłoby ulepszenie sieci komunikacyjnej, w szczególności połączeń kolejowych.
Pregnancy outcome following bacteriuria in pregnancy and the significance of nitrites in urinalysis – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Naamany Eviatar , Ayalon-Dangur Irit , Hadar Eran , Sagy Iftach , Yahav Dafna , Shiber Shachaf
Published: May 2019

Background

The association between bacteriuria and adverse pregnancy outcomes has been extensively described. The current practice of screening all pregnant women for bacteriuria is challenged by recent studies. We aimed to evaluate pregnancy outcomes among women with a positive urine culture, to assess the significance of positive urinary nitrites in this setting.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study at the emergency department (ED) of the Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Israel, during 2014–2018. This included all gravida women >18 years old within the 20th week of pregnancy or above, admitted to the ED with diverse complains, who had urinalysis collected and subsequently had a positive urine culture. Clinical and obstetric characteristics were stratified by positive vs. negative nitrites in urinalysis. The primary outcome was premature delivery, and the secondary outcomes were a composite outcome of all recorded pregnancy complications and the significance of urinalysis in predicting urinary tract infection (UTI).

Results

Overall, 874 pregnant women with a positive urine culture were included. Of them, 721 (79%) patients had a negative nitrite in their urine exam (NNU-group) and 153 (21%) had a positive nitrite in their urine exam (PNU-group). Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen, with significantly higher rates of growth in the PNU-group vs. NNU-group [129 (84.3%) vs. 227 (38.4%), P < 0.001]. Premature delivery was recorded with no association of symptomaticity or nitrite status. Among symptomatic women with classic symptoms of UTI, PNU was significantly associated with decreased risk for major peripartum complications [odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.22 (0.05–0.94)].

Conclusion

Our findings support that PNU among symptomatic pregnant women with UTI-related symptoms was associated with lower risk of developing major adverse obstetrical outcomes.
Comparison of automated vs. manual measurement to estimate fetal weight in isolated polyhydramnios
Authors: Eroglu Hasan , Orgul Gokcen , Avcı Emine , Altınboga Orhan , Karakoc Gokhan , Yucel Aykan
Published: May 2019

Objective

To understand the impact of the measurement method to predict actual birthweight in pregnancies complicated with isolated polyhydramnios in the third trimester.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted with 60 pregnant women between the 37th and 40th weeks of gestation. Routine biometric measurements were obtained by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography. When a satisfactory image was obtained, the image was frozen to get two measurements. First, calipers were placed to get the manual measurement. Then automated measurement was captured by the ultrasonography machine in the same image. The fetal weight was estimated by using the Hadlock II formula.

Results

The mean difference was found to be 0.03, −0.77, −0.02 and 0.17 for biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL), respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between automated and manual estimated fetal weights (EFWs) and the actual birthweight was 0.919 and 0.796, respectively. The mean difference between actual and manual EFW measurement values was 46.16 ± 363.81 g (range between −745 g and 685 g) (P = 0.330). Also, the mean difference between actual and automated EFW measurement values was found to be 31.98 ± 218.65 g (range between −378 g and 742 g) (P = 0.262). The Bland-Altman test results have shown that, 666 g lower or 759 g higher values were obtained when the measurement was performed manually. On the other hand, EFW results were 396 g lower or 460 g higher than the actual birthweight with automated measurement tools.

Conclusion

The accuracy rate of fetal weight estimation with ultrasonography is high for both automated and manual measurements. Automated tools have a higher success to predict the EFW.
A Comment on “Law and Development: Forty Years after ‘Scholars in Self-Estrangement’” by David Trubek
Authors: Lee Yong-Shik
Published: May 2019

“Law and Development: Forty Years after ‘Scholars in Self-Estrangement’” by David Trubek provides an account of the state of law and development and its growth for the past four decades. This note provides a comment on this account and proposes the way forward for law and development studies.
Sensor application of doped C60 fullerenes in detection of 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine as an alternative to ecstasy
Authors: Özkan Ertuğrul , Bilge Metin , Bilge Duygu , Alver Özgür , Parlak Cemal , Şenyel Mustafa , Ramasami Ponnadurai
Published: May 2019

1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP) is one of the commonly abused drugs in the illicit drug market. Its detection or identification is important to investigate. In this work, density function theory (DFT) approach was used to analyse silicon or aluminium doped C60 fullerenes and TFMPP interactions for possible sensor applications. Stabilities of the investigated systems were examined in terms of the adsorption energies of TFMPP onto Si and Al decorated fullerenes. It was found that AlC59+TFMPP resulted in higher adsorption energies compared to SiC59+TFMPP. We also considered the band gap energy and concluded that Si and Al decorated fullerenes are sensitive to the presence of TFMPP in both the gas phase and aqueous medium.
Am Scheitelpunkt des sacrificiums: Politische Opferlogiken und Opfersemantiken in Deutschland in der Zeit der Weltkriege
Authors: Herzog Benjamin
Published: May 2019

Der Aufsatz untersucht den Bedeutungswandel des politisch-militärischen Opferbegriffs und seine Verwendungsgeschichte in Deutschland vom Ersten Weltkrieg bis zum Ende der 1950er Jahre. Indem er den Diskurs nach der Grundunterscheidung von sacrificium und victima aufschlüsselt, stellt er die Dominanz des sakrifiziellen Opfertypus über den gesamten Zeitraum hinweg fest: Dieser zeigt angesichts von Krieg und Bürgerkrieg sowohl seine Beharrungskraft als auch seine Radikalisierung und Überspannung. Zu diesem Befund kommt die Untersuchung, indem sie die Dynamik und Logik des Opferkonzepts in drei Bereichen nachzeichnet: Sie zeigt, wie das unbedingte Festhalten am Sinnhorizont des Opfers Veränderungen der Semantik erzwingt, v. a. hinsichtlich seiner Freiwilligkeit und Erfolgsbezogenheit. Sie beschreibt, wie sich die Omnipräsenz des Opfers auch darin niederschlägt, dass es zum ethischen Prinzip der Gesamtgesellschaft als Opfergemeinschaft wird. Und schließlich weist sie nach, dass sich die Radikalisierung der Kategorie auch der verschärften Konkurrenz der unterschiedlichen ideologischen Opferziele und Opferparadigmen dieser Epoche verdankt.
Konstruktionen des Krieges
Authors: Beeker Malte
Published: May 2019

In diesem Aufsatz wird die Frontzeitung »Ost-Front« der deutschen 6. Armee zur Zeit des Überfalls auf die Sowjetunion von Juni bis Dezember 1941 analysiert. Die Analyse konzentriert sich auf die Darstellungen der deutschen Soldaten, ihrer Feindbilder, der Kampfmotivationen und der Gewalt. Zentrale Aspekte sind sozial konstruierte Geschlechter- bzw. Männlichkeitsvorstellungen und die damit verbundenen Imaginationen von »Kameradschaft« innerhalb der Truppe. Zur qualitativen Bewertung der Frontzeitung werden die Ergebnisse, einer »Propagandageschichte als Kulturgeschichte« (Rainer Gries) folgend, in die Forschungen zur NS-Propaganda und zur Wehrmachtpropaganda eingeordnet und abschließend auch mit aus der Feldpost bekannten Deutungsmustern der deutschen Soldaten in Zusammenhang gesetzt. Damit stellt der Aufsatz als erste Detailstudie zu einer deutschen Frontzeitung des Zweiten Weltkriegs einen Beitrag dazu dar, die hierzu noch immer bestehende Forschungslücke zu schließen.
The Portuguese 35-item Survey of Pain Attitudes applied to Portuguese women with Endometriosis
Authors: Ferreira-Valente Alexandra , Garcia Inês Queiroz , Rosa Ana Marques , Pereira Anabela , Pais-Ribeiro José Luís , Jensen Mark P.
Published: May 2019

Background and aims

Endometriosis is a gynecologic recurring persistent condition affecting from 8% to 15% of premenopausal women worldwide. About 80% of women with endometriosis have at least one form of chronic pain – a multidimensional experience influenced by a number of psychosocial factors, including pain-related beliefs. The Survey of Pain Attitudes is the most commonly used measure of pain-related beliefs. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of a brief version of the SOPA (the SOPA-35) in a sample of Portuguese women with Endometriosis.

Methods

A sample of 199 Portuguese women with Endometriosis provided demographic and pain history information, and completed a Portuguese version of the SOPA-35 and measures of pain intensity, disability, and psychological function. Analyses were performed to evaluate the factor structure of the Portuguese SOPA-35 items as well as the internal consistency, composite reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity of the scale scores.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis supported a six-factor solution for a 19-item version of the Portuguese version of the Survey of Pain Attitudes (SOPA-19-P). The six scales evidenced marginal to good reliability (Cronbach’s alphas: between 0.60 and 0.84; composite reliability: between 0.61 and 0.84). Four scales evidenced acceptable to good convergent validity (AVE: between 0.51 and 0.63). The findings also supported the concurrent validity of the SOPA-19-P.

Conclusions

The results support the use of the Portuguese SOPA-19-P for research and clinical purposes with Portuguese women in chronic pain due to endometriosis. Future research is warranted to further develop a European Portuguese version of SOPA.

Implications

The findings provide psychometric information about the SOPA-19-P. The results are helpful to researchers wishing to study the role of pain-related beliefs and their association with adjustment and treatment outcomes in women with chronic pain due to endometriosis.
Echelles d’évaluation de l’acceptation du Mythe du viol : Intérêts et limites
Authors: Schlegel Agnès , Courtois Robert
Published: May 2019

Les violences sexuelles, dont le viol est l’un des extrêmes, suscitent dans la population générale des attitudes de négation, de minimisation ou de justification des faits, ou encore la responsabilisation de la victime, traduisant l’adhésion à un ensemble d’attitudes, de croyances et de stéréotypes que l’on appelle Mythe du viol. L’acceptation du Mythe du viol favorise les viols, minore leur dénonciation et majore leurs conséquences pour les victimes. Depuis l’émergence de ce concept dans les années 1970, près d’une trentaine d’échelles ont été créés pour tenter de le mesurer. Ce article présente l’intérêt et les limites des principales échelles : « Rape Myth Acceptance Scale » (Burt, 1980), l’« Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale » (Payne, Lonsway et Fitzgerald, 1999) et l’« Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression Scale » (Gerger, Kley, Bohner et Siebler, 2007).
Wertschöpfendes Risikomanagement in Technologieunternehmen
Authors: Oehmen Josef
Published: May 2019

Effektives Risikomanagement ist komplex, da es ein Unternehmen auf allen Organisationsebenen betrifft – wie auch das Controlling, mit dem es eng verzahnt ist. In diesem Beitrag nähern wir uns der Frage, wie wohl ein „ideales“ Risikomanagement in Technologieunternehmen aussehen möge, aus der Perspektive der Wertschöpfung. Dies beinhaltet sowohl Risiken im Sinne eines übergeordneten Technologiemanagements als auch Risiken einzelner Entwicklungsprojekte (bis hin zu Großprojekten). Die Kernfragen sind hierbei: Was bedeutet Wertschöpfung bezogen auf Risikomanagement? Und Zweitens: Ist das ideale Risikomanagement für Unternehmen 1 auch das ideale Risikomanagement für Unternehmen 2?
Produktzuverlässigkeitscontrolling
Authors: Jäger Patrick , Nickel Johannes , Pedell Burkhard , Bertsche Bernd
Published: May 2019

Der Beitrag analysiert, von welchen Entscheidungen in den verschiedenen Phasen der Produktentstehung die späteren Garantie- und Kulanzkosten von produzierenden Unternehmen beeinflusst werden. Auf dieser Basis werden Ansätze zur Einschätzung der Produktzuverlässigkeit diskutiert und ein Kennzahlenset für die Steuerung der Produktzuverlässigkeit in der Entwicklungs- und Erprobungsphase entwickelt. Hierdurch wird die Basis für die Integration der Produktzuverlässigkeit in das Entwicklungscontrolling gelegt.
Influence of Particle Geometry Assessed via Image Processing on Broken Sandstone Strength
Authors: S. Balideh  , T.G. Joseph  , M. Curley
Published: May 2019

Particle geometry has an impact on the behavior and strength of broken rock, where particle shape characteristics affect the ability of particles to rotate or slide relative to each other. Form, angularity and texture are three independent parameters that describe the geometry of such a particle. In this paper the geometry of crushed Berea sandstone was determined through image processing, where the results showed that form and angularity indices describe the geometry characteristics of broken Berea sandstone better than the other geometry indices. A correction coefficient that has previously been introduced to predict a sieve size distribution from image processing was shown to be a function of form index for the sandstone fragments. Triaxial compression tests were performed on the broken sandstone, showing that confining pressure and void ratio have an impact on broken rock strength. Increasing confining pressure was shown to enhance the strength of broken rock, while void ratio was shown to be inversely related to broken rock strength. Void ratio can also be affected by particle geometry. Increasing particles form index increases the void ratio where particles angularity index and void ratio are inversely related.
Severe Acute Respiratory Failure in Healthy Adolescents Exposed to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Miller Jenna O. , Taylor Jane , Goldman Jennifer L.
Published: May 2019

Pulmonary toxicity induced by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) has been described, although the disease process is poorly understood. We report 5 previously healthy adolescent patients who developed acute respiratory failure while taking TMP-SMX. Four of the 5 adolescents required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, and 2 of the teenagers died. All children required a tracheostomy, and all cases were complicated by pneumothoraces and pneumomediastinum. The majority of children were prescribed TMP-SMX for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Heart Failure: Old and New Issues in Cardio-oncology
Authors: Bertero Edoardo , Ameri Pietro , Maack Christoph ,   Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany;
Published: May 2019

The main focus of cardio-oncology has been the prevention and treatment of the cardiac toxicity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, several targeted therapies have been associated with unexpected cardiotoxic side-effects. Recently, epidemiological studies reported a higher incidence of cancer in patients with heart failure (HF) compared with individuals without HF. On this basis, it has been proposed that HF might represent an oncogenic condition. This hypothesis is supported by preclinical studies demonstrating that hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, which is a hallmark of HF, promotes cancer growth and dissemination. Another intriguing possibility is that the co-occurrence of HF and cancer is promoted by a common pathological milieu characterised by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, which predisposes to both diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional relationship between HF and cancer.
El contexto geopolítico en el pensamiento de Francisco Morazán
Authors: Molina Vargas Silvia Elena
Published: May 2019

Resumen En este artículo se contextualiza el pensamiento de Francisco Morazán, inserto dentro de  las contradicciones que desafiaban a los nuevos estados en Centroamérica después de la Independencia,  tanto  a  lo  interno como en las relaciones que se configuraron con otros estados y con las potencias durante las  primeras décadas del siglo XIX. Se explora el desarrollo de la República Federal de Centro América en un contexto geopolítico complejo, y las ideas de Morazán en torno a sus condiciones de posibilidad y sus expectativas. Palabras clave: Independencia, Estado, República Federal de Centro América, Centroamérica, Integración
EL PAISAJE CARIBEÑO COSTARRICENSE DESDE LA VALORACIÓN INDÍGENA CABÉCAR-TAYNÍ: EL CASO DE LA COMUNIDAD DE GAVILÁN, VALLE LA ESTRELLA, LIMÓN, COSTA RICA
Authors: Carballo Chaves Pablo , Madrigal Herrera Magdalena
Published: May 2019

En el marco de un proyecto de investigación más grande sobre los paisajes indígenas en Costa Rica, inscrito en la Universidad de Costa Rica, este artículo presenta una indagatoria, centralmente teórico-especulativa, a partir del estudio de las apreciaciones paisajistas de las personas de la comunidad de Gavilán (auto-referenciados como parte de la población indígena Cabécar-Tayní), ubicada en la provincia de Limón. Dicha reflexión busca hacer algunos apuntes comprensivos desde una perspectiva sociológica sobre las formas y concepciones  estéticas y vivenciales en el marco de los espacios socio-naturales y étnicos.
LA INTERVENCIÓN TERRITORIAL ESTATAL SOBRE LA POBREZA EN ARGENTINA (2008-2015)
Authors: Martínez Robles Claudia Alejandra
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo aborda el modo en que el Estado Nacional Argentino concibe y modula territorialidades específicas en el marco de la política asistencial durante la última década, específicamente, entre los años 2008 y 2015. A partir de un abordaje cualitativo, que combina el análisis documental y entrevistas en profundidad, se indagó sobre la naturaleza de las intervenciones del Estado Argentino en el territorio que tuvieron lugar en el marco del programa nacional denominado “Plan Ahí”. La investigación sostiene que el “Plan Ahí” es una intervención de gobierno (Foucault, 2006) que opera como un modelo ordenador de las prácticas estatales, orientadas a transformar la dirección y el sentido de las intervenciones de abordaje territorial, así como, a revertir los efectos de una ausencia estatal supuesta.
EXCLUSIÓN, DISCRIMINACIÓN Y DISCAPACIDAD: EL DISCURSO SOBRE LA DISCAPACIDAD EN ACTAS DE LA ASAMBLEA LEGISLATIVA DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Vergara Heidke Adrián
Published: May 2019

En el presente artículo se busca analizar el discurso sobre la discapacidad que se manifiesta en Actas de Sesiones del Plenario de la Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica, con el fin de identificar aquellos componentes que puedan resultar excluyentes y discriminatorios para las personas con discapacidad. Se aplican fundamentos teóricos y categorías metodológicas del análisis crítico del discurso. Los resultados evidencian construcciones discriminatorias y menospreciativas hacia las personas con discapacidad por parte de diputados y diputadas.