bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical simulation of CsPbI3/TOPCon tandem solar cells with advanced light management
Authors: Yue Min , Wang Yan , Liang Hui-Li , Mei Zeng-Xia
Published: April 2022

Monolithic perovskite/Si tandem solar cells (TSCs) have experienced rapid development in recent years, demonstrating its potential to exceed the Shockley–Queisser limit of single junction Si solar cells. Unlike typical organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite/silicon heterojunction TSCs, here we propose CsPbI3/TOPCon TSC, which is a promising architecture in consideration of its pleasurable thermal stability and good compatibility with current PERC production lines. The optical performance of CsPbI3/TOPCon TSCs is simulated by the combination of ray-tracing method and transfer matrix method. The light management of the CsPbI3/TOPCon TSC begins with the optimization of the surface texture on Si subcell, indicating that a bifacial inverted pyramid with a small bottom angle of rear-side enables a further minimization of the optical losses. Current matching between the subcells, as well as the parasitic absorption loss from the front transparent conductive oxide, is analyzed and discussed in detail. Finally, an optimized configuration of CsPbI3/TOPCon TSC with a 31.78% power conversion efficiency is proposed. This work provides a practical guidance for approaching high-efficiency perovskite/Si TSCs.
Could two-dimensional perovskites fundamentally solve the instability of perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Luoran , Wang Hu , Shao Yuchuan
Published: April 2022

The high efficiency and low production cost enable the halide perovskite solar cells as a promising technology for the next generation photovoltaics. Nevertheless, the relatively poor stability of the organic–inorganic halide perovskites hinders their commercial applications. In the past few years, two-dimensional (2D) perovskite has emerged as a more stable alternative to the three-dimensional (3D) counterparts and attracted intense research interests. Although many attempts and advances have been made, it is still ambiguous that whether the 2D perovskites could bring closure to the stability issue. To answer this essential question, a systematic study of the nature of 2D halide perovskites is necessary. Here, we focus on the stability investigations of 2D perovskites from different perspectives, especially light, heat, ion migration and strain. Several remaining challenges and opening problems are also discussed. With further material and device engineering, we believe that the 2D perovskites would promote perovskite solar cells to a promising future.
Insights on deepwater turbidite sedimentary features from outcrops in onshore Northwest Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Mubin Mukhriz , Jirin Shamsudin , Harith Zuhar Zahir Tuan , Kadir Mohd Fauzi Abdul , Shamsuddin Annur Asma Sayyidah , Ghani Ahmad Fitri Abdul
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses findings of sedimentary features observed from deepwater outcrops in Northwest Sabah. The observations were based on 7 outcrop localities of Lower Oligocene – Upper Oligocene sections around Klias and Kudat Peninsulas, and Kota Kinabalu, covering Temburong, Belait, West Crocker, and Kudat formations. Temburong Formation (Lower Oligocene-Lower Miocene) was observed at Menumbok (Stop 1) and Tanjung Aru (Stop 2). It comprises interbedded shale and sandstone turbidite sequence representing deposition in deepwater setting. At Batu Luang (Stop 3) the deepwater turbidite Temburong Formation is observed overlain unconformably by stacked fluvial channel deposits of Belait Formation (Middle to Upper Miocene). Here, the overlying fluvial deposits comprise predominantly conglomerates which are believed to represent basal Belait Formation lies over regional unconformable surface correlatatable to Deep Regional Unconformity (DRU). Deepwater West Crocker Formation (Lower Oligocene-Lower Miocene) was observed at King Fisher-Sulaman, Kota Kinabalu (Stop 4), composed of predominantly thick sandstone interbedded with shale. Meanwhile, Sikuati Member of the Kudat Formation (Lower Miocene) was observed at Pantai Sikuati (Stop 5) and Bukit ‘V’ (Stop 6) outcrops. It consists of interbedded sandstone and shale of turbidite successions. At Tanjung Simpang Mengayau (Stop 7) thick sandstone interbedded with thin shales of Kudat Formation was observed. In general, the Temburong Formation at Stops 1 and 2 show Bouma sequence of Ta-Tb-Te successions, but relatively thicker Te at Stop 1 suggesting a prolonged mud suspension deposit compared to Stop 2. At Stop 3, the deepwater Temburong Formation was subjected to a substantial tectonic uplift and massive erosion associated with DRU. Further northwards at Stop 4 West Crocker Formation exhibits thicker Ta successions which implies deposition within a slightly higher energy regime as compared to that of Temburong Formation at Stop 3. Meanwhile, at Stops 5 and 6 different depositional energy levels are shown in the lower and upper stratigraphic intervals. In the lower interval deposition took place within a higher energy condition as shown by thick Ta. It was followed by gradual decreasing depositional energy regime in the upper interval as shown by predominance Tc-Td-Te. Meanwhile, at Stop 7 a thick massive graded sandstone overlain by thin mudstone bed was observed which implies a prolonged Ta succession followed by short-term Te of mud suspension deposits.
3D penta-source marine seismic acquisition: an innovative approach to address the sampling challenge
Authors: Lim S.H. Sarah , Nabil M. , Yusoff M. , Hong Ho Koon
Published: April 2022

Penta-source acquisition is the latest addition to modern 3D Marine Seismic Acquisition Methods, a step ahead of the conventional dual and the more recent triple source acquisition methods. In the recent years, it has increasingly become popular due to its ability to deliver higher quality data enabled by finer cross-line sampling. This has been demonstrated through the Baxter Case Study (Hager et. all, 2016) where the 3D survey was successfully acquired and processed though the study area was relatively small. We present a case study from offshore Malaysia where penta-source acquisition method was adopted for the first time for a large 3D survey (~7000 sq.km) to enhance the data quality without compromising the acquisition efficiency. The survey was designed using a robust workflow to optimize acquisition parameters to meet the geophysical objectives, and executed safely and efficiently.
Determining subsurface geology with seismic refraction tomography survey
Authors: Tungka Marie
Published: April 2022

Seismic refraction tomography survey is one of the geophysical techniques that is the most popular and commonly used to determine subsurface geology in engineering application. It is fast, reliable, cheaper and cover bigger area in shorter time compared with borehole drilling and other geophysical techniques in providing continuous information on subsurface geology along the lengths of the seismic survey lines. However, the success of seismic refraction tomography survey depends on a few factors such as noise background, top soil features, geology of the site, limitation of the equipment, understanding of the theories and experiences in interpreting the seismic refraction tomography survey data. The method of seismic refraction tomography survey measures the first arrival time of the primary waves through the earth material after seismic signals were generated at several shot points with sledge hammer or explosives. In this paper, the applications of seismic refraction tomography survey in investigating the subsurface geology were discussed in two case studies. The first case study discussed the effect of geophone interval in the limit of depth penetration of seismic refraction tomography survey. Increasing the geophone interval would increase the limit of depth penetration, which helped in mapping the very deep bedrock profile. The second case study showed that the seismic refraction tomography survey results were able to indicate the highly irregular bedrock profiles and complexity of the subsurface geology such as shear zones. It was able to show the extent of the shear zones at the project area, which would have been missed by merely doing borehole drilling. Hydrothermally altered granite and quartz veins were encountered in the boreholes located along the shear zones. Both case studies showed good correlations between boreholes and seismic refraction tomography survey results.
Usability of the surface wave method in assessment for subsurface investigation
Authors: Jusoh Hisyam , Osman Syed Baharom Syed , Noh Khairul Arifin Mohd
Published: April 2022

Soil borehole drilling incorporating Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is frequently used for subsurface profiling and geotechnical calculations such as soil bearing capacity. Despite this conventional application, there are several limitations of soil boring and SPT involves. The primary objective is to propose an alternative method for geotechnical engineering application of soil profiling as supporting data by conducting Multichannel Analysis Surface Wave (MASW) for site investigation. In this study, the MASW was utilized to verify the reliability and capability of this method on conversion of shear wave velocity, Vs to SPT-N value. The calculated SPT-N value based on Vs using selected equation (Vs = 97N0.314) showed the reliability of the correlation between actual SPT-N value relationship was found strong (R2 = 0.8343). Results from the case study in general reveal the shear wave velocity (Vs) profile shows reading of 80 m/s to 160 m/s for the first 2-3 meter depth representing soft soil overlaying 2 meter layer of stiff soil with Vs between 130 m/s to 170 m/s followed by 4-10 meter hard material having Vs value between 190 m/s to 280 m/s before reaching harder stratum of 350 m/s and more. Therefore, the MASW can possibly be applied for SPT-N value determination as supporting data to the conventional SPT machine. The data of shear wave velocity also were correlated with actual SPT-N value so that the produced equation and can be applied based on the local region. Hence, produced empirical formulas from this study intend to provide the geotechnical engineer with a quick preliminary method of site investigation/assessment.
Research priorities for prehospital care of older patients with injuries: scoping review
Authors: Harthi Naif , Goodacre Steve , Sampson Fiona , Alharbi Rayan
Published: April 2022

Background and objective

There is increasing recognition of the importance of prehospital trauma care for older patients, but little systematic research to guide practice. We aimed to review the published evidence on prehospital trauma care for older patients, determine the scope of existing research and identify research gaps in the literature.

Methods

We undertook a systematic scoping review guided by the Arksey and O’Malley framework and reported in line with the PRISMA-ScR checklist. A systematic search was conducted of Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane library databases to identify articles published between 2001 and 2021. Study selection criteria were applied independently by two reviewers. Data were extracted, charted and summarised from eligible articles. A data-charting form was then developed to facilitate thematic analysis. Narrative synthesis then involved identifying major themes and subthemes from the data.

Results

We identified and reviewed 65 studies, and included 25. We identified five categories: ‘field triage’, ‘ageing impacts’, ‘decision-making’, ‘paramedic’ awareness’ and ‘paramedic’s behaviour’. Undertriage and overtriage (sensitivity and specificity) were commonly cited as poorly investigated field-triage subthemes. Ageing-related physiologic changes, comorbidities and polypharmacy were the most widely researched. Inaccurate decision-making and poor early identification of major injuries were identified as potentially influencing patient outcomes.

Conclusion

This is the first study reviewing the published evidence on prehospital trauma care for older patients and identifying research priorities for future research. Field-triage tools, paramedics’ knowledge about injuries in the older population, and understanding of paramedics’ negative behaviours towards older patients were identified as key research priorities.
Allowable room temperature excursions for refrigerated medications: A 20-year review
Authors: Orth Lucas E , Ellingson Amanda S , Azimi Sara F , Martinez Joseph T , Alhadad Amal A , Tran Brenda C , Allen Chase W , Nguyen Cecilia T , Duong Tony , Burkdoll Jordan S , Yoo Jenny , Blackmer Allison B , Jeffres Meghan N
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The aim of this review was to build upon previous literature describing the maximum duration for which refrigerated medications can tolerate room temperature excursions while maintaining stability and potency.

Methods

During a 12-month period ending in June 2021, the prescribing information and published monographs from multiple pharmacy compendia were reviewed for all medications and biologic products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human use since January 2000. Products that were subsequently withdrawn from the US market were excluded. When temperature excursion data was unavailable in published form, product manufacturers were surveyed via telephone and/or email. Acceptable storage information for all products for which storage is recommended at temperatures below room temperature (20-25 °C [68-77 °F]) was compiled and arranged in tabular format.

Results

Of the 705 products or formulations approved by FDA during the predefined time period, 246 were identified as requiring storage at temperatures below room temperature. After review of available prescribing information and manufacturer communications, if applicable, acceptable periods of excursion to temperatures at room temperature or higher were identified for 214 products (87%).

Conclusion

Information related to acceptable periods of room temperature excursion was compiled for a total of 214 products approved for US distribution since 2000. The included tables may increase patient safety and decrease medication loss or related expenditures.
Urdu Named Entity Recognition System Using Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Haq Rafiul , Zhang Xiaowang , Khan Wahab , Feng Zhiyong
Published: April 2022

Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental part of other natural language processing tasks such as information retrieval, question answering systems and machine translation. Progress and success have already been achieved in research on the English NER systems. However, the Urdu NER system is still in its infancy due to the complexity and morphological richness of the Urdu language. Existing Urdu NER systems are highly dependent on manual feature engineering and word embedding to capture similarity. Their performance lags if the words are previously unknown or infrequent. The feature-based models suffer from complicated feature engineering and are often highly reliant on external resources. To overcome these limitations in this study, we present several deep neural approaches that automatically learn features from the data and eliminate manual feature engineering. Our extension involved convolutional neural network to extract character-level features and combine them with word embedding to handle out-of-vocabulary words. The study also presents a tweets dataset in Urdu, annotated manually for five named entity classes. The effectiveness of the deep learning approaches is demonstrated on four benchmarks datasets. The proposed method demonstrates notable progress upon current state-of-the-art NER approaches in Urdu. The results show an improvement of 6.26% in the F1 score.
Inappropriate sinus tachycardia: an examination of existing definitions
Authors: Hou Cody R , Olshansky Brian , Cortez Daniel , Duval Sue , Benditt David G
Published: April 2022

Aims

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a syndrome characterized by an elevated sinus rate unassociated with known physiological, pathological, or pharmacological causes. Despite published consensus documents, IST definitions appear to vary in the literature. In this study, we reviewed IST publications to evaluate IST definition variability and ascertain the degree to which consensus definitions are being adopted.

Methods and results

English-language articles in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Google Scholar published from 1 January 1970 to 1 June 2021 with the title terms ‘inappropriate sinus tachycardia,’ ‘non-paroxysmal sinus tachycardia,’ or ‘permanent sinus tachycardia’ were searched. In each, the IST definition used, qualifying characteristics, and publications cited to support each definition were recorded. We identified 138 publications meeting the search criteria. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia definitions were provided in 114 of 138 articles (83%). A majority of definitions (92/114, 81%) used distinct heart rate (HR) thresholds. Among these, the most common threshold was ≥100 beats per minute (BPM) (75/92, 82%), mainly measured at rest (54/92, 59%). Most definitions (47/92, 51%) included a second criterion to qualify for IST; these were most often an HR threshold of 90 BPM measured over 24 h by ambulatory electrocardiogram (37/47, 79%). Diagnosis of exclusion was a common criterion (75/92, 82%) but symptom status was not (41/92, 45%). The 2015 Heart Rhythm Society IST consensus was commonly cited but adopted in only 37% of definitions published after 2015.

Conclusions

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia definitions in current literature are inconsistent, and professional society consensus IST definitions have, to date, had limited impact.
Roles of abscisic acid in regulating ripening and quality of strawberry, a model non-climacteric fruit
Authors: Li Bai-Jun , Grierson Donald , Shi Yanna , Chen Kun-Song
Published: April 2022

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a dominant regulator of ripening and quality in non-climacteric fruits. Strawberry is regarded as a model non-climacteric fruit due to its extensive genetic studies and proven suitability for transgenic approaches to understanding gene function. Strawberry research has contributed to studies on color, flavor development, and fruit softening, and in recent years ABA has been established as a core regulator of strawberry fruit ripening, whereas ethylene plays this role in climacteric fruits. Despite this major difference, several components of the interacting genetic regulatory network in strawberry, such as MADS-box and NAC transcription factors, are similar to those that operate in climacteric fruit. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of ABA biosynthesis and signaling and the regulatory network of transcription factors and other phytohormones in strawberry fruit ripening. In addition to providing an update on its ripening, we discuss how strawberry research has helped generate a broader and more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of non-climacteric fruit ripening and focus attention on the use of strawberry as a model platform for ripening studies.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Burden and Healthcare Utilization in United States Infants <1 Year of Age: Study of Nationally Representative Databases, 2011–2019
Authors: Suh Mina , Movva Naimisha , Jiang Xiaohui , Reichert Heidi , Bylsma Lauren C , Fryzek Jon P , Nelson Christopher B
Published: April 2022

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalizations in United States infants aged <1 year, but research has focused on select populations.

Methods

National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample and National Emergency Department (ED) Sample data (2011–2019) were used to report RSV hospitalization (RSVH), bronchiolitis hospitalization (BH), and ED visit counts, percentage of total hospitalizations/visits, and rates per 1000 live births along with inpatient mortality, mechanical ventilation (MV), and total charges (2020 US dollars).

Results

Average annual RSVH and RSV ED visits were 56 927 (range, 43 845–66 155) and 131 999 (range, 89 809–177 680), respectively. RSVH rates remained constant over time (P = .5), whereas ED visit rates increased (P = .004). From 2011 through 2019, Medicaid infants had the highest average rates (RSVH: 22.3 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 21.5–23.1] per 1000; ED visits: 55.9 [95% CI, 52.4–59.4] per 1000) compared to infants with private or other/unknown insurance (RSVH: P < .0001; ED visits: P < .0001). From 2011 through 2019, for all races and ethnicities, Medicaid infants had higher average RSVH rates (up to 7 times) compared to infants with private or other/unknown insurance. RSVH mortality remained constant over time (P = .8), whereas MV use (2019: 13% of RSVH, P < .0001) and mean charge during hospitalization (2019: $21 513, P < .0001) increased. Bronchiolitis patterns were similar.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of ensuring access to RSV preventive measures for all infants.
Imputation of non-genotyped F1 dams to improve genetic gain in swine crossbreeding programs
Authors: See Garrett M , Fix Justin S , Schwab Clint R , Spangler Matthew L
Published: April 2022

This study investigated using imputed genotypes from non-genotyped animals which were not in the pedigree for the purpose of genetic selection and improving genetic gain for economically relevant traits. Simulations were used to mimic a 3-breed crossbreeding system that resembled a modern swine breeding scheme. The simulation consisted of three purebred (PB) breeds A, B, and C each with 25 and 425 mating males and females, respectively. Males from A and females from B were crossed to produce AB females (n = 1,000), which were crossed with males from C to produce crossbreds (CB; n = 10,000). The genome consisted of three chromosomes with 300 quantitative trait loci and ~9,000 markers. Lowly heritable reproductive traits were simulated for A, B, and AB (h2 = 0.2, 0.2, and 0.15, respectively), whereas a moderately heritable carcass trait was simulated for C (h2 = 0.4). Genetic correlations between reproductive traits in A, B, and AB were moderate (rg = 0.65). The goal trait of the breeding program was AB performance. Selection was practiced for four generations where AB and CB animals were first produced in generations 1 and 2, respectively. Non-genotyped AB dams were imputed using FImpute beginning in generation 2. Genotypes of PB and CB were used for imputation. Imputation strategies differed by three factors: 1) AB progeny genotyped per generation (2, 3, 4, or 6), 2) known or unknown mates of AB dams, and 3) genotyping rate of females from breeds A and B (0% or 100%). PB selection candidates from A and B were selected using estimated breeding values for AB performance, whereas candidates from C were selected by phenotype. Response to selection using imputed genotypes of non-genotyped animals was then compared to the scenarios where true AB genotypes (trueGeno) or no AB genotypes/phenotypes (noGeno) were used in genetic evaluations. The simulation was replicated 20 times. The average increase in genotype concordance between unknown and known sire imputation strategies was 0.22. Genotype concordance increased as the number of genotyped CB increased with little additional gain beyond 9 progeny. When mates of AB were known and more than 4 progeny were genotyped per generation, the phenotypic response in AB did not differ (P > 0.05) from trueGeno yet was greater (P < 0.05) than noGeno. Imputed genotypes of non-genotyped animals can be used to increase performance when 4 or more progeny are genotyped and sire pedigrees of CB animals are known.
Few observation binary orbit solver (fobos) from two (or more) astrometric observations
Authors: Houghton Rebecca J , Goodwin Simon P
Published: April 2022

We have developed a new, fast method of estimating the orbital properties of a binary or triple system using as few as two epochs of astrometric data. fobos (Few Observation Binary Orbit Solver) uses a flat prior brute force Monte Carlo method to produce probability density functions of the likely orbital parameters. We test the code on fake observations and show that it can (fairly often) constrain the semi-major axis to within a factor of 2–3, and the inclination to within ∼20° from only two astrometric observations. We also show that the 68 and 95 per cent confidence intervals are statistically reliable. Applying this method to triple systems allows the relative inclination of the secondary and tertiary star orbits to be constrained. fobos can usually find a statistically significant number of possible matches in CPU minutes for binary systems, and CPU hours for triple systems.
Towards convergence of turbulent dynamo amplification in cosmological simulations of galaxies
Authors: Martin-Alvarez Sergio , Devriendt Julien , Slyz Adrianne , Sijacki Debora , Richardson Mark L A , Katz Harley
Published: April 2022

Our understanding of the process through which magnetic fields reached their observed strengths in present-day galaxies remains incomplete. One of the advocated solutions is a turbulent dynamo mechanism that rapidly amplifies weak magnetic field seeds to the order of ∼$\mu$G. However, simulating the turbulent dynamo is a very challenging computational task due to the demanding span of spatial scales and the complexity of the required numerical methods. In particular, turbulent velocity and magnetic fields are extremely sensitive to the spatial discretization of simulated domains. To explore how refinement schemes affect galactic turbulence and amplification of magnetic fields in cosmological simulations, we compare two refinement strategies. A traditional quasi-Lagrangian adaptive mesh refinement approach focusing spatial resolution on dense regions, and a new refinement method that resolves the entire galaxy with a high resolution quasi-uniform grid. Our new refinement strategy yields much faster magnetic energy amplification than the quasi-Lagrangian method, which is also significantly greater than the adiabatic compressional estimate indicating that the extra amplification is produced through stretching of magnetic field lines. Furthermore, with our new refinement the magnetic energy growth factor scales with resolution following $\propto {\Delta x}_\text{max}^{-1/2}$, in much better agreement with small-scale turbulent box simulations. Finally, we find evidence suggesting most magnetic amplification in our simulated galaxies occurs in the warm phase of their interstellar medium, which has a better developed turbulent field with our new refinement strategy.
Constraining equation-of-state groups from g-mode asteroseismology
Authors: Kuan Hao-Jui , Krüger Christian J , Suvorov Arthur G , Kokkotas Kostas D
Published: April 2022

Buoyancy-restored modes inside neutron stars depend sensitively on both the microphysical (e.g. composition and entropy gradients) and macrophysical (e.g. stellar mass and radius) properties of the star. Asteroseismology efforts for g modes are therefore particularly promising avenues for recovering information concerning the nuclear equation of state. In this work, it is shown that the overall low-temperature g-space consists of multiple groups corresponding to different classes of equation of state (e.g. hadronic versus hybrid). This is in contrast to the case of pressure-driven modes, for example, which tend to follow a universal relation regardless of microphysical considerations. Using a wide library of currently viable equations of state, perturbations of static, stratified stars are calculated in general relativity to demonstrate in particular how g-space groupings can be classified according to the mean mass density, temperature, central speed of sound, and tidal deformability. Considering present and future observations regarding gravitational waves, accretion outbursts, quasi-periodic oscillations, and precursor flashes from gamma-ray bursts, it is shown how one might determine which group the g modes belong to.
Multiwavelength properties of 850-μm selected sources from the North Ecliptic Pole SCUBA-2 survey
Authors: Shim Hyunjin , Lee Dongseob , Kim Yeonsik , Scott Douglas , Serjeant Stephen , Ao Yiping , Barrufet Laia , Chapman Scott C , Clements David L , Conselice Christopher J , Goto Tomotsugu , Greve Thomas R , Hwang Ho Seong , Im Myungshin , Jeong Woong-Seob , Kim Helen K , Kim Minjin , Kim Seong Jin , Kong Albert K H , Koprowski Maciej P , Malkan Matthew A , Michałowski Michał J , Pearson Chris , Seo Hyunjong , Takagi Toshinobu , Toba Yoshiki , White Glenn J , Woo Jong-Hak
Published: April 2022

We present the multiwavelength counterparts of 850-$\mu$m selected submillimetre sources over a 2-deg2 field centred on the North Ecliptic Pole. In order to overcome the large beam size (15 arcsec) of the 850-$\mu$m images, deep optical to near-infrared (NIR) photometric data and arcsecond-resolution 20-cm images are used to identify counterparts of submillimetre sources. Among 647 sources, we identify 514 reliable counterparts for 449 sources (69 per cent in number), based either on probabilities of chance associations calculated from positional offsets or offsets combined with the optical-to-NIR colours. In the radio imaging, the fraction of 850-$\mu$m sources having multiple counterparts is 7 per cent. The photometric redshift, infrared luminosity, stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), and the active galactic nucleus (AGN) contribution to the total infrared luminosity of the identified counterparts are investigated through spectral energy distribution fitting. The SMGs are infrared-luminous galaxies at an average 〈z〉 = 2.5 with log10(LIR/L⊙) = 11.5–13.5, with a mean stellar mass of log10(Mstar/M⊙) = 10.90 and SFR of $\mathrm{log}_{10} (\mathrm{SFR/M_\odot \, yr^{-1}})=2.34$. The submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) show twice as large SFR as galaxies on the star-forming main sequence, and about 40 per cent of the SMGs are classified as objects with bursty star formation. At z ≥ 4, the contribution of AGN luminosity to total luminosity for most SMGs is larger than 30 per cent. The FIR-to-radio correlation coefficient of SMGs is consistent with that of main-sequence galaxies at z ≃ 2.
A comprehensive study of the opposition effect on 15 NEOs
Authors: Ieva S , Arcoverde P , Rondón E , Giunta A , Dotto E , Lazzaro D , Mazzotta Epifani E , Perna D , Fanasca C , Rodrigues T , Monteiro F , Medeiros H , Silva-Cabrera J S , Di Paola A
Published: April 2022

We report the results we derived analyzing photometric measurements obtained at different phase angles for 15 Near-Earth Objects (NEOs), observed from Campo Imperatore observatory, and Observatório Astronômico do Sertão de Itaparica (OASI). The performed analysis allows us to taxonomically classify them using several independent techniques, thus constraining their surface composition. The majority of this sample is in agreement with a pristine carbonaceous composition (C-complex/D-type asteroids), while few NEOs are composed of more evolved (e.g. S/M/E-type bodies) material. With this work we made evident that a comprehensive characterization of a NEO can be achieved through the coupling of spectrophotometric data and phase curve assessment. This is crucial in case these objects become target of future rendez-vous, sample-return or mitigation missions.
Detailed chemical compositions of planet-hosting stars: II. Exploration of the interiors of terrestrial-type exoplanets
Authors: Wang H S , Quanz S P , Yong D , Liu F , Seidler F , Acuña L , Mojzsis S J
Published: April 2022

A major goal in the discovery and characterisation of exoplanets is to identify terrestrial-type worlds that are similar to (or otherwise distinct from) our Earth. Recent results have highlighted the importance of applying devolatilisation – i.e. depletion of volatiles – to the chemical composition of planet-hosting stars to constrain bulk composition and interiors of terrestrial-type exoplanets. In this work, we apply such an approach to a selected sample of 13 planet-hosting Sun-like stars, for which high-precision photospheric abundances have been determined in the first paper of the series. With the resultant devolatilised stellar composition (i.e. the model planetary bulk composition) as well as other constraints including mass and radius, we model the detailed mineralogy and interior structure of hypothetical, habitable-zone terrestrial planets (”exo-Earths”) around these stars. Model output shows that most of these exo-Earths are expected to have broadly Earth-like composition and interior structure, consistent with conclusions derived independently from analysis of polluted white dwarfs. The exceptions are the Kepler-10 and Kepler-37 exo-Earths, which we predict are strongly oxidised and thus would develop metallic cores much smaller than Earth. Investigating our devolatilisation model at its extremes as well as varying planetary mass and radius (within the terrestrial regime) reveals potential diversities in the interiors of terrestrial planets. By considering (i) high-precision stellar abundances, (ii) devolatilisation, and (iii) planetary mass and radius holistically, this work represents essential steps to explore the detailed mineralogy and interior structure of terrestrial-type exoplanets, which in turn are fundamental for our understanding of planetary dynamics and long-term evolution.
The importance of the way in which supernova energy is distributed around young stellar populations in simulations of galaxies
Authors: Chaikin Evgenii , Schaye Joop , Schaller Matthieu , Bahé Yannick M , Nobels Folkert S J , Ploeckinger Sylvia
Published: April 2022

Supernova (SN) feedback plays a crucial role in simulations of galaxy formation. Because blast waves from individual SNe occur on scales that remain unresolved in modern cosmological simulations, SN feedback must be implemented as a subgrid model. Differences in the manner in which SN energy is coupled to the local interstellar medium and in which excessive radiative losses are prevented have resulted in a zoo of models used by different groups. However, the importance of the selection of resolution elements around young stellar particles for SN feedback has largely been overlooked. In this work, we examine various selection methods using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics code swift. We run a suite of isolated disc galaxy simulations of a Milky Way-mass galaxy and small cosmological volumes, all with the thermal stochastic SN feedback model used in the eagle simulations. We complement the original mass-weighted neighbour selection with a novel algorithm guaranteeing that the SN energy distribution is as close to isotropic as possible. Additionally, we consider algorithms where the energy is injected into the closest, least dense, or most dense neighbour. We show that different neighbour-selection strategies cause significant variations in star formation rates, gas densities, wind mass-loading factors, and galaxy morphology. The isotropic method results in more efficient feedback than the conventional mass-weighted selection. We conclude that the manner in which the feedback energy is distributed among the resolution elements surrounding a feedback event is as important as changing the amount of energy by factors of a few.
Wrist–Ankle Acupuncture as Additional Therapy for Postoperative Multimodal Analgesia in Orthopedic Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Ning , Liu Lu-lu , Rong Wei
Published: April 2022

Background

The present meta-analysis analyzed the efficacy and safety of wrist–ankle acupuncture (WAA) as an additional therapy for postoperative multimodal analgesia after orthopedic surgery.

Methods

Electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, SinoMed, Wanfang, and VIP, were searched to identify randomized controlled trials and cohort studies that reported details of WAA as an additional therapy for postoperative multiple analgesia in orthopedic surgery before October 1, 2021. Analyzed outcomes included time points of the visual analog scale, use of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA), and postoperative adverse events. Subgroup analysis was performed according to time points and complication type.

Results

Eleven randomized controlled trials and one cohort study were included in the meta-analysis. Among a total of 845 patients, there were 422 patients in the WAA groups and 423 patients in the control groups. The WAA groups showed a better analgesic effect (standard mean difference [SMD] = −1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.76 to −0.91; P < 0.00001; I2 = 0.94), lower use of PCIA (SMD = −1.48; 95% CI: −2.26 to −0.69; P = 0.0002; I2 = 0.94), and lower occurrence of postoperative adverse events (risk ratio = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.49; P < 0.00001; I2 = 0) than did the control groups.

Conclusion

WAA as an additional therapy for postoperative multimodal analgesia in orthopedic surgery showed advantages over control treatment in terms of pain relief, use of PCIA, and occurrence of postoperative adverse events.
Population perceptions of health care services provided virtually (telehealth): a cross-sectional study
Authors: AlMatar Ranim , Al-Haqan Asmaa , Abdullah Israa , Waheedi Salah
Published: April 2022

Background

In the era of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health care systems wish to harness the advantage of distant care provision to transcend barriers to access health care facilities. This study aims to investigate general population perceptions (acceptance, comfort, perceived ease of use and perceived quality of care) toward telehealth.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a validated online questionnaire. The questionnaire investigated the general population’s familiarity and experience with virtual provision of health care (telehealth) in Kuwait. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were performed.

Results

A total of 484 responses were received. Of those, 65% (N = 315) showed high acceptance of telehealth of which 73.5% (N = 119) were comfortable using it and 48.2% (N = 78) perceived themselves capable of utilizing its systems. Multivariate analysis showed that participants with moderate or high comfort score and those who perceived equal quality of care received from Virtual Visits (VV) are more likely to accept a virtual call from their health care provider compared to those with low comfort score (odds ratio (OR): 4.148, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.444–11.91, P = 0.008, OR: 20.27, 95% CI: 6.415–64.05, P < 0.0001, OR: 2.585, 95% CI: 1.364–4.896, P < 0.004, respectively).

Conclusions

Perceptions of telehealth were overall positive, indicating a tendency to accept the implementation of such technology.
In situ 13CO2 labeling reveals that alpine treeline trees allocate less photoassimilates to roots compared with low-elevation trees
Authors: Cong Yu , Saurer Matthias , Bai Edith , Siegwolf Rolf , Gessler Arthur , Liu Kai , Han Hudong , Dang Yongcai , Xu Wenhua , He Hong S , Li Mai-He
Published: April 2022

Carbon (C) allocation plays a crucial role for survival and growth of alpine treeline trees, however it is still poorly understood. Using in situ 13CO2 labeling, we investigated the leaf photosynthesis and the allocation of 13C labeled photoassimilates in various tissues (leaves, twigs and fine roots) in treeline trees and low-elevation trees. Non-structural carbohydrate concentrations were also determined. The alpine treeline trees (2000 m. a.s.l.), compared with low-elevation trees (1700 m a.s.l.), did not show any disadvantage in photosynthesis, but the former allocated proportionally less newly assimilated C belowground than the latter. Carbon residence time in leaves was longer in treeline trees (19 days) than that in low-elevation ones (10 days). We found an overall lower density of newly assimilated C in treeline trees. The alpine treeline trees may have a photosynthetic compensatory mechanism to counteract the negative effects of the harsh treeline environment (e.g., lower temperature and shorter growing season) on C gain. Lower temperature at treeline may limit the sink activity and C downward transport via phloem, and shorter treeline growing season may result in early cessation of root growth, decreases sink strength, which all together lead to lower density of new C in the sink tissues and finally limit the growth of the alpine treeline trees.
Preventing dog bites with L.O.V.E.
Authors: Templet Tricia , Allen Leslie , Conlee Ian , Hightower Blake , McIntyre Molly , Rivers Taylor
Published: April 2022

Children can be vulnerable to dog bites when they don't recognize aggressive cues, highlighting the importance of safe child-dog interactions. This article explains how anticipatory guidance with L.O.V.E. can be used to educate children and families about preventing dog bite injuries.
Utility of Plasma Protein Biomarkers and Mid-infrared Spectroscopy for Diagnosing Fracture-related Infections: A Pilot Study
Authors: Farooq Hassan , Wessel Robert P. , Brown Krista M. , Slaven James E. , Marini Federico , Malek Sarah , Natoli Roman M.
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

To compare a large panel of plasma protein inflammatory biomarkers and mid-infrared (MIR) spectral patterns in patients with confirmed fracture-related infections (FRIs) with those in controls without infection.

Design:

Prospective case–control study.

Setting:

Academic, Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:

Thirteen patients meeting confirmatory FRI criteria were matched to 13 controls based on age, time after surgery, and fracture region.

Intervention:

Plasma levels of 49 proteins were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of dried films was used to obtain MIR spectra of plasma samples.

Main Outcome Measurements:

The main outcome measurements included plasma protein levels and MIR spectra of samples.

Results:

Multivariate analysis-based predictive model developed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay–based biomarkers had sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 69.2% ± 0.0%, 99.9% ± 1.0%, and 84.5% ± 0.6%, respectively, with platelet-derived growth factor-AB/BB, C-reactive protein, and MIG selected as the minimum number of variables explaining group differences (P < 0.05). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the predictive model based on MIR spectra were 69.9% ± 6.2%, 71.9% ± 5.9%, and 70.9% ± 4.8%, respectively, with 6 wavenumbers as explanatory variables (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of using a select panel of plasma proteins and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to diagnose FRIs. Preliminary data suggest that the measurement of these select proteins and MIR spectra may be potential clinical tools to detect FRIs. Further investigation of these biomarkers in a larger cohort of patients is warranted.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Ischemic Stroke and Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Moyamoya Syndrome Associated With Graves’ Disease
Authors: Huang Mufang , Tang Siqiang , Zou Yongbiao , Yang Ge , Nan Yuyu , Li Yanfang , Zhang Chunhua
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Moyamoya syndrome is commonly associated with sickle cell anemia, neurofibromatosis type 1, cranial therapeutic irradiation, and Down syndrome. However, it is rare for Moyamoya syndrome associated with Graves’ disease.

Case Report:

Here we report a case of Moyamoya syndrome associated with Graves’ disease in a 19-year-old girl with sudden weakness of the right arm, progressive caries, and alopecia for 4 years. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute intraventricular hemorrhage and cerebral infarction of left middle cerebral artery territory and narrowing of the proximal portion of bilateral anterior and middle cerebral arteries.

Conclusion:

Acute cerebral infarction and intraventricular hemorrhage can occur simultaneously in Moyamoya syndrome associated with Graves’ disease. Hydrocortisone, combined with prothiouracil medication, can correct thyroid dysfunction and improve neurological function. Caries may be the first symptom of Graves’ disease.
Gallbladder Metastasis From Renal Cell Carcinoma Revealed With 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Baloğlu Mehmet Can , Yahşi Seyfettin , Erol Fenercioğlu Özge , Çermik Tevfik Fikret , Ergül Nurhan
Published: April 2022

Gallbladder metastasis from renal cell carcinoma is a rare condition. To our knowledge, only 1 case has been reported with 18F-FDG PET/CT findings. Herein, we report the case of a 53-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma, having gallbladder metastasis revealed with restaging 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Aducanumab-Related Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities
Authors: Høilund-Carlsen Poul F. , Werner Thomas J. , Alavi Abass , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth
Published: April 2022

When the FDA granted accelerated approval of Biogen's Alzheimer disease drug, aducanumab (marketed as Aduhelm), it deviated from its mission of guaranteeing drug safety and efficacy because the approval was based exclusively on a perceived dose-dependent reduction in brain amyloid deposits and not upon a proven clinical effect. We believe that the amyloid-PET scans, perceived as showing decreasing amyloid deposits, are an expression of increased cerebral cell death due to aducanumab treatment, so that with time one should instead expect a worsening and not an improvement in the treated patients' condition.
Pusillimonas minor sp. nov., a novel member of the genus Pusillimonas isolated from activated sludge
Authors: Yao Li , Jia Yan , Lai Yu-han , Xue Fei , Wang Jia-lian
Published: April 2022

A novel pale white-pigmented bacterial strain designated YC-7-48T was isolated from activated sludge in China. Cells of the strain, which grew at 15–37 °C (optimum at 30 °C) and pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum at 7.0), were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and motile. Strain YC-7-48T had 97.4–97.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to type strains of eight species in the genera

Pusillimonas

,

Eoetvoesia

,

Paralcaligenes

,

Parapusillimonas

and

Paracandidimonas

of the family

Alcaligenaceae

. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing placed the strain on a separate branch in the genus

Pusillimonas

and showed that it exhibited 97.4, 97.3 and 96.6% similarity to

Pusillimonas caeni

EBR-8-1T,

Pusillimonas noertemannii

BN9T and

Pusillimonas maritima

17-4AT, respectively. The genome size of strain YC-7-48T was 3202438 bp, with 54.3 mol% G+C content. According to the genome analysis, YC-7-48T encodes several heavy metal resistance proteins and enzymes related to the metabolism of nicotine and aromatic compounds. The results of digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity analyses based on whole genome sequences between strain YC-7-48T and the closely related strains indicated that the strain represented a new species of the genus

Pusillimonas

. The chemotaxonomic results identified Q-8 as the predominant respiratory quinone, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified aminolipids as the major polar lipids, and C16:0 (27.4 %), C17:0 cyclo (22.0 %), C18:0 (11.7 %) and C19:0 cyclo ω8c (9.5 %) as the major fatty acids. Thus, based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characterization and genomic data, we proposed that the isolate is a representative of a novel species named Pusillimonas minor sp. nov., with the type strain YC-7-48T (=CGMCC 1.17466T=KACC 21349T).