bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JENIS-JENIS CAPUNG DI CAGAR ALAM TELUK KLOWE KECAMATAN ENGGANO KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA, PROVINSI BENGKULU
Authors: Helmiyetti Helmiyetti , Siboro Merliana Br , Tarantona Mariska
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out the types of dragonflies (Odonata) found in the Klowe Bay Nature Reserve, Enggano sub-district, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province. The study was conducted in the Klowe Bay Nature Reserve, Enggano sub-district, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province in January 2018, which was identified in the Animal Physiology laboratory, Basic Science Biology, University of Bengkulu. by means of purposive sampling by surveying locations in accordance with dragonfly living conditions such as the presence of water and the presence of plants that are habitat for small insects that are food for dragonflies so that 2 points are determined. Dragonflies collected by exploring by swinging the net towards the dragonfly. The sample obtained is put into a killing bottle contains cotton in which the cotton has been given chloroform. The results obtained are 4 types of dragonflies with 15 individuals included in the Anisoptera sub-order. The types obtained include the Libellulidae Family, namely Orthetrum sabina, Pantala flavescens, Crocothemis Servilia, and Orthetrum glaucum.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN GREEN ACCOUNTING BERBASIS UNIVERSITY SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (USR) PADA UNIVERSITAS RIAU KEPULAUAN DAN UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM
Authors: Hati Ravika Permata
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan perhatian, tanggung jawab, pelaporan akuntansi lingkungan, dan audit lingkungan antara Universitas Riau Kepulauan dan Universitas Internasional Batam. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini meliputi pejabat struktural pada Universitas Riau Kepulauan dan Universitas Internasional Batam dengan masing-masing berjumlah 60 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik sampel acak (random sampling). Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan menggunakan Google Form. Metode analisis data menggunakan Independent Sample T-Test dan Mann Whitney U-Test dengan alat analisis SPSS 20.Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara Universitas Riau Kepulauan dan Universitas Internasional Batam untuk variabel Keterlibatan dan Pelaporan Lingkungan, sedangkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara Universitas Riau Kepulauan dan Universitas Internasional Batam untuk variabel Kesadaran dan Audit Lingkungan.Kata kunci : Green Accounting; University Social Responsibility; Kuantitatif
PENGARUH BIAYA LINGKUNGAN, KINERJA LINGKUNGAN, DAN ISO 14001 TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN STUDI KASUS PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2014-2017
Authors: Evita Meisya , Syafruddin Syafruddin
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh biaya lingkungan, kinerja lingkungan dan ISO 14001, terhadap kinerja keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 15 laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan pertambangan selama periode 2014-2017. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diuji dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja lingkungan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan (ROI). Sedangkan ISO 14001 dan biaya lingkungan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan.Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik t dari ketiga variabelyaitu variabel biaya lingkungan, kinerja lingkungandan ISO 14001hanya terdapat satu variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan yaitu variabel kinerja lingkungan dengan signifikasi 0,025 < 0,05 dan dua variabel yaitu ISO 14001 dan  Biaya Lingkungan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROI, hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai signifikansi untuk ISO sebesar 0,117>0,05 dan biaya lingkungan sebesar 0,838 > 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dapat dilihat dari koefisien determinasi R diperoleh adalah 17,7 % angka memberikan arti bahwa variabel Biaya Lingkungan, Kinerja Lingkungan dan ISO 14001 berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Keuangan. Untuk sisanya 82,3 % di pengaruhi untuk faktor lain.
ANALISIS PENETAPAN HARGA JUAL JASA PERBAIKAN PROPELLER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE TIME AND MATERIAL PRICING DI DEPARTEMEN BSP DIVISION (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. MENCAST OFFSHORE AND MARINE)
Authors: Sandra Vivi , Aznedra Aznedra
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penetapan harga jual jasa perbaikan propeller dengan menggunakan metode time and material pricing di departemen BSP Division. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dan teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik deskriptif yaitu penyajian data dan prosedur penentuan harga jual baik yang dilakukan oleh departemen maupun dengan perhitungan berdasarkan metode time and material pricing. Permasalahan yang terjadi adalah penetapan harga jual didepartemen BSP dinilai belum baik, karena penatapan harga ditentukan oleh perkiraan semata. Analisis data dan pembahasan hasil perbandingan antara harga jual menurut departemen dan menurut metode time and material pricing diperoleh kesimpulan yang menyebutkan perhitungan harga jual didepartemen BSP Division berbeda dengan metode time and material pricing, hasil perhitungan harga jual atau nominal angka menurut metode time and material pricing rata-rata lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perhitungan menurut departemen BSP Division, hal ini disebabkan oleh metode time and material pricing lebih rinci dalam melakukan perhitungan dan mengikutsertakan semua biaya-biaya yang terkait didalam proses perbaikan propeller.
PENGARUH KESADARAN MASYARAKAT, SANKSI PERPAJAKAN DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM MEMBAYAR PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR PADA SAMSAT KOTA BATAM
Authors: Agustin Nila Sari , Putra Rizki Eka
Published: July 2020

Semakin majunya perkembangan zaman membuat seluruh lapisan masyarakat dari golongan menengah keatas sampai menengah kebawah semakin dapat memenuhi segala kebutuhan yang ada. Salah satu kebutuhan yang wajib dimiliki yaitu transportasi. Alat transportasi memang sangat penting dimiliki karena mampu menunjang kegiatan masyarakat. Alat transportasi seperti kendaraan bermotor tidak menjadi barang yang mewah bagi masyarakat, melainkan menjadi salah satu kebutuhan pokok mereka dalam melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari.Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran mengenai latar belakang Pengaruh Kesadaran Masyarakat, Sanksi Perpajakan dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Dalam Membayar Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor pada Samsat Kota Batam. Dalam Penelitian ini penulis juga menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif, dimana sampel penelitian adalah 100 wajib pajak yang akan membayar pajak di Samsat Kota Batam. Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis mununjukkan bahwa varaibel kesadaran mempunyai tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,454 dan thitung sebesar -0,752 maka H01 ditolak, variabel sanksi sebesar 0,561 dan thitung sebesar -0,583 maka H02 ditolak, dan variabel kepatuhan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,048 dan thitung sebesar 2,002 maka H03 diterima.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP), SERTIFIKASI SISTEM MANAJEMEN MUTU ISO 9001:2015 TERHADAP LABA (STUDI PT SAMATOR GAS INDUSTRI BATAM 2017-2018)
Authors: Jaya Hendry
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan enterprise resource planning terhadap tingkatan laba di PT Samator Gas Industri Batam dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sertifikasi sistem manajemen mutu ISO 9001:2015 terhadap laba. Merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian membandingkan laporan laba rugi sebelum dan sesudah implementasi ERP, serta sertifikasi sistem manajemen mutu ISO 9001:2015. Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi enterprise resource planning mempunyai pengaruh terhadap persentase laba di PT Samator Gas Industri Batam karena mampu menekan total beban penjualan dan biaya usaha tahun 2018, dan sertifikasi sistem manajemen mutu ISO 9001:2015 mempunyai pengaruh terhadap persentase laba di PT Samator Gas Industri Batam karena mampu meningkatkan total penjualan bersih tahun 2018.
ANALISIS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT MISKIN PENGGUNA KARTU INDONESIA SEHAT DI KOTA BATAM
Authors: Pratiwi Diah Ayu
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat miskin pengguna Kartu Indonesia Sehat. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisa kebijakan dari Kartu Indonesia Sehat dan bagaimana pelayanan kesehatan yang di dapat masyarakat miskin penggunan Kartu Indonesia Sehat di Rumah Sakit Daerah Embung Fatimah.  Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Informan yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan data yang diperoleh dengan cara observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari lima indikator mutu pelayanan kesehatan yang di teliti di RSUD Embung Fatimah yaitu, bukti fisik, kehandalan, daya tanggap, jaminan dan empati bahwa indikator kehandalan dan daya tanggap merupakan indikator yang paling dominan dalam mutu pelayanan di RSUD Embung Fatimah.
ANALISIS SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DAN PENGENDALIAN INTERN PERSEDIAAN ( Studi Kasus PT. Gelflex Indonesia)
Authors: Mulyati Sri , Kisa Roswari
Published: July 2020

Sistem informasi akuntansi dan pengendalian intern sangat  diperlukan oleh setiap perusahaan agar aktifitas perusahaan dapat terlaksana dengan lancar dan terarah, dengan adanya sistem informasi akuntansi maka diharapkan perusahaan dapat mempertahankan kemampuannya untuk bersaing dengan perusahaan-perusahaan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem informasi akuntansi dan pengendalian intern persediaan PT.Gelflex Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sistem informasi akuntansi persediaan pada PT. Gelflex Indonesia sudah berjalan baik di antaranya dalam mengadakan persediaan bahan baku atau pengorderan barang bagian persediaan dan pembelian barang sudah tepat dan pengendalian intern persediaan pada perusahaaan juga sudah berjalan dengan lancar hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari struktur organisasi perusahaan.yang memiliki fungsi terpisah sehingga tidak ada rangkap jabatan.
Аналіз чинників, що впливають на ефективність функціонування пункту управління артилерійською розвідкою
Authors: Taranetc Alexander , Dorofeev Mykola
Published: July 2020

Кожна війна або збройний конфлікт вносить суттєві корективи у форми і способи застосування військ (сил). Але загальним залишається те, що успіх у протиборстві залежить від уміння та можливості однієї зі сторін завдати іншій максимально можливого ураження живої сили та техніки. Основна роль у виконанні цього завдання належить засобам вогневого ураження, серед яких особливе місце посідають артилерійські засоби. Ефективність вогневого ураження противника прямо пропорційно залежить від спроможності розвідувальних підрозділів добувати та забезпечувати підрозділи вогневого ураження своєчасною та точною інформацією про об’єкти ураження (цілі). Тому розгляд питання удосконалення розвідки (артилерійської розвідки) в інтересах забезпечення участі військових частин і підрозділів ракетних військ і артилерії у вогневому ураженні противника в сучасних умовах є актуальним.
Frequent grazing by sheep reduced caucasian clover cover and rhizome mass in ryegrass pasture
Authors: Lucas R.J. , Moorhead A.J.E. , Nichol W.W. , Sedcole J.R. , Jarvis P.
Published: July 2020

The responses of hexaploid caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum) to four contrasting grazing regimes were compared with those of white clover (T. repens) in an endophytic (Neotyphodium lolii) hybrid ryegrass pasture on a fertile lowland site. After 2 years, frequent grazing (set stocking) by sheep reduced caucasian clover cover to 10% compared with 25.5% in infrequent grazing (rotational grazing) treatments (mean spelling time 25 days). Similarly, frequent grazing reduced caucasian clover rhizome plus root dry weight (780 kg DM/ha when sampled to 100 mm depth in frequently grazed plots, compared with 3220 kg DM/ha for infrequent). Under frequent grazing treatments, mean white clover cover was 21%, under infrequent hard grazing it was 26% and under lax infrequent grazing it was 14%. The reduction in ryegrass tiller population from 5720/m2 in the infrequently and laxly grazed treatments to 4150/ m2 in the frequently hard grazed pastures indicated the severity of that hard grazed treatment. These results show that in lowland ryegrass pastures on high fertility sites, the stoloniferous growth form of white clover may be superior to the rhizomatous strategy of caucasian clover when grazing by sheep is frequent throughout spring, summer and autumn. Keywords: caucasian clover, cover, grazing frequency, grazing intensity, kura clover, rhizomes, ryegrass, Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium repens, white clover
Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover
Authors: Widdup K.H. , Knight T.L. , Waters C.J.
Published: July 2020

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum
A study of farmer attitudes towards riparian management practices
Authors: Parminter T.G. , Tarbotton I.S. , Kokich C.
Published: July 2020

Transcripts from a survey of 60 farmers were analysed to identify the attitudes they held towards a range of riparian management practices, and the criteria they would use to select their most preferred practices. Most farmers had mixed attitudes towards managing the riparian area, combining aspects of "pressure farming"1, and "conservation farming"2. Pressure farming was considered to result in problems with erosion, sediment, boggy areas, and a lack of stock safety. Conservation farming was considered to be able to provide increased farming income and greater biodiversity. Farmers selected riparian management practices that they thought would reduce the problems caused by pressure farming, and obtain the benefits of conservation farming. But adoption of new technologies would take place only if the technologies were considered to be practical and not to increase management complexity. An understanding of farmers' perceptions about managing riparian areas can help policy agencies target educational interventions encouraging farmers to improve the sustainability of their resource use. Keywords: environment, extension, farmer attitudes, riparian areas, waterway management
The clover root weevil in northern pastures: on-farm observations of its impact on white clover
Authors: Eerens J.P.J. , Willoughby B. , Kettlewell F. , Hardwick S. , Bay S.
Published: July 2020

The clover root weevil (CRW) (Sitona lepidus) has had, over the last two years, a major impact on pastoral farming in the greater Waikato area. Research into CRW biology, damage profile and financial impact is continuing and far from complete. A survey of farms in the affected areas in 1997/98 yielded a large volume of on-farm observations. A survey of the impact of CRW on clover on a single farm produced data that estimated the cost of CRW to this farming operation. These anecdotal findings are combined with initial results from a glasshouse experiment. Damage by CRW tended to be less on lighter (ash and pumice) soils than on heavier, more water-retentive (peat and clay) soils. Drought reduced CRW egg survival and the ratio of first instar larvae to number of eggs hatched. Damage was greater under hard than lax defoliation regimes and increased with increasing rates of mineral nitrogen application. Red clover appeared to be less affected by CRW than white clover. The general picture suggested that the level of stress placed on the clover plant played a major role in the impact of CRW on those clover plants: the higher the stress levels the greater the impact of CRW. Keywords: clover root weevil, farm survey, pasture pest, Sitona lepidus, Trifolium repens, white clover
Pasture species and drought impacts on milk yield 2. Predicted farm milk yield at four sites
Authors: Barker D.J. , Clark D.A. , Thom E.R. , Couchman J.N. , Burton R.N. , Dymock N.
Published: July 2020

A desirable option for increasing milk yield per farm is to increase milk production in summer without compromising peak-season production or the duration of lactation. The dairy industry has a goal to achieve a 4% per month post-peak decline of milk production. The effect of five pasture types and two summer water regimes on predicted farm milk yield, in Northland, Waikato, Manawatu and Canterbury was measured over 1 year. Two pasture treatments, resident pasture and Grasslands Nui ryegrass, were common to all sites. A third pasture treatment varied between sites: triple mix (Grasslands Advance tall fescue, Grasslands Kara cocksfoot, and Grasslands Maru phalaris) at the Manawatu site; the same triple mix but with Grasslands Raki paspalum at the Northland site; and low-endophyte ryegrass and Grasslands Kahu timothy (LER) at the Canterbury site; all sown treatments included red and white clover. All five pasture types were included at the Waikato site. On average for all pasture types, water deficit reduced summer herbage accumulation (HA) to 79, 68, 43 and 18% of irrigated controls, and annual HA to 88, 80, 73 and 63% of irrigated controls in Northland, Waikato, Manawatu and Canterbury, respectively. Since farm milk yield predicted by UDDER was highly correlated with annual HA (R2 = 83%), the effects of pasture type and water deficit on milk yield were similar to effects on HA. Seasonal and annual HA differed among the five pasture types at each of the four sites. The most important factor affecting predicted farm milk yield was annual HA, with relatively little effect from the seasonal pattern of pasture growth. Differences in shapes of the predicted milk supply curves for various treatments occurred, particularly when drought forced early drying-off. The best predicted summer milk yield was for the Canterbury irrigated LER pasture treatment, a 6.8% per month postpeak decline of milk production. Keywords: farm milk yield, farm system modelling, forage supply, pasture species, water deficit
Why do pastures respond to lime?
Authors: Wheeler D.M. , O'Connor M.B.
Published: July 2020

Lime responses in pasture have been attributed to amelioration of aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn) toxicity, increased plant availability of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo), and increased soil moisture. Methods of assessing the occurrence of each of these mechanisms are given, illustrated using results from two contrasting lime trials where mechanisms of lime response were determined. The results indicate that lime responses on the Mangatea soil could be attributed to lime increasing N, P, and Mo availability, and to the amelioration of Al toxicity allowing better access to soil moisture over summer. In contrast, on the Matapiro soil lime responses were owing to enhanced N mineralisation. The results show that the occurrence and size of a pasture response owing to a given mechanism are owing to interactions between soil factors, plant species and climate. Hence more complex pasture models than are currently available are required before predictions of the size and duration of lime responses can be improved. Keywords: aluminium, lime, manganese, nitrogen, phosphorus, pasture response
Long-term fertiliser application and fertility of hill soils
Authors: Lambert M.G. , Mackay A.D. , Costall D.A.
Published: July 2020

Application of phosphatic fertiliser to legume/grass pastures, and increased stocking rate, is commonly assumed to increase soil organic matter (estimated from soil carbon) content, to lower soil pH, and to increase soil Olsen P status. Changes in these variables in soils derived from sedimentary parent material were monitored over 16 years, in a longterm grazing experiment on southern North Island hill country. There were 2 fertiliser treatments, principally high (capital applications followed by 375 kg/ha/year) and low (125 kg/ha/year) superphosphate application. There was a net loss of soil C of approximately 200 kg/ha/year in both treatments, although annual C inputs to the soil were greater (by 1000 kg/ha) in the high fertiliser soils. Soil pH increased slightly; and Olsen P status reflected P application, although it was less responsive to P application (13 kg P/ha applied above maintenance for 1 Olsen P unit increase) than has commonly been assumed is the case (4-7 kg P/ha per unit). The most likely reason for net loss of soil C is increased decomposer activity in the soil, and the greater proportion of plant-fixed C ingested by grazing animals as a result of intensification. The lack of a decline in soil pH may have been related to the declining soil organic matter level lowering hydrogen ion-supplying power. The lower-than-expected responsiveness of Olsen P to fertiliser P application was probably because the experimental area had a very poor fertiliser application history, in comparison with previous experiments against which Olsen P was calibrated. Keywords: carbon, fertiliser application, hill country, Olsen P, organic matter, pH, soils
Pasture species and drought impact on milk yield 1. Milk yield responses in the Waikato
Authors: Thom E.R. , Clark D.A. , Van Vught V.T. , Waugh C.D.
Published: July 2020

Milksolids (MS) production of Jersey cows grazing different pasture species mixtures over summer and autumn is described for the first two years of a 4-year trial. Four pasture mixtures were established after cultivation in autumn 1996, and were compared with existing ryegrass-white clover pastures. The mixtures were: (1) high-endophyte perennial ryegrass-white clover (2) tall fescue, phalaris, cocksfoot, white clover, red clover (3) same as (2) plus paspalum (4) endophyte-free ryegrass, timothy, white clover, red clover and (5) existing high-endophyte ryegrass, white clover. Milk tests were in January-February of 1997 and 1998. Cows were offered a single pasture allowance. Cows on high-endophyte ryegrass mixtures consistently produced low MS yields compared with those on tall fescue mixtures and endophyte-free ryegrass. In 1998, responses for cows grazing ryegrass-white clover (5 and 1) were significantly less than from tall fescue-based pastures (2 and 3) (0.74 vs. 0.86 kg/cow/day), and responses from cows on ryegrass/timothy based pastures (4), were better than for all others (0.96 kg/cow/day). Important determinants of the MS responses were the high rust infection and low contents of white clover in the high-endophyte ryegrass (1) pastures, and the high contents of red clover in the tall fescue and endophyte-free ryegrass-based pastures. Keywords: cocksfoot, cow grazing, irrigation, milk production, pasture quality, perennial ryegrass, phalaris, red clover, tall fescue, timothy, triple mix, white clover
Birdsfoot trefoil - an alternative legume for New Zealand dairy pastures
Authors: Harris S.L. , Clark D.A. , Laboyrie P.J.
Published: July 2020

Two grazing trials conducted with Friesian cows in mid lactation showed milk yields were higher on birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)-dominant pasture (19.8 and 16.7 l/cow/day) than on white clover-dominant (17.8 and 15.4 l/cow/day) or ryegrass-dominant (13.0 and 11.7 l/cow/day) pastures. Increased milk production on the Lotus and clover was attributed to the higher nutritive value of the legume-based pasture compared with the ryegrass, and to higher dry matter intakes. Cows grazing Lotus also had improved feed conversion efficiency compared with those grazing either ryegrass or clover, indicating that the presence of condensed tannins in the Lotus may have contributed to the improved efficiency. Milk protein concentration was consistently higher on the Lotus (3.36 and 3.35%) than on the ryegrass (3.15 and 3.21%) or clover (3.30 and 3.21%) in both experiments, while milk fat levels were lower in Experiment 1. While Lotus increased milk yield and milk protein concentration, its potential as a forage legume for dairy cows also depends on annual herbage production and the determination of how best to utilise it in a farm system. Keywords: birdsfoot trefoil, dairy cows, dry matter intake, Lotus corniculatus, milk composition, milk yield, perennial ryegrass, white clover
Pasture responses to phosphorus and nitrogen fertilisers on dry hill country
Authors: Gillingham A.G. , Gray M.H. , Smith D.R.
Published: July 2020

In order to evaluate the relative responsiveness of summer-dry hill pasture to phosphate (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilisers, a large scale field trial was established in southern Hawke's Bay in 1995. Pasture growth rates and species, and soil moisture levels were measured on easy and steep slopes of generally north- and south-facing aspects in two pairs of farmlets with either a Low or High soil P status, one of each pair also receiving 30 kg N/ha annually in winter. Soil moisture levels were always higher on south- than on north-facing slopes, the difference being greatest from autumn to spring. However, total annual pasture growth was higher on north aspects because of better winter production, whereas the colder, south aspects produced little pasture at this time. In other seasons, pasture growth was similar on both aspects. Pasture growth was higher on easy than on steep slopes at all times. P responses occurred from spring to autumn especially on south aspects, and on easy north-facing slopes, which showed a large increase in clover growth. N responses were best in winter and autumn especially on steep, north aspects and at Low P conditions. N application depressed clover production, especially in the High P+N fertiliser treatment, where there was no net increase in production compared with the High P treatment. Only tentative conclusions can be made at this time since the pasture is considered to be still in a development phase. However, results suggest that application of P only to south aspects and moist north slopes, and for steep, north-facing slopes to receive N, plus only limited P, will be the most efficient fertiliser policy. Keywords: dry hill country, phosphate response, nitrogen response, pasture production, slope, aspect
Modelling animal treading impacts on infiltration rate
Authors: Tian Y. , Singleton P.L. , Sheath G.W. , Mccall D.G. , Carlson W.T.
Published: July 2020

Sediment and chemical losses in surface runoff can be significant on land with rolling topography. These effects can be more severe in grazed pasture systems because of animal treading damage to the ground surface. The phenomenon of treading includes soil compaction, pugging, creating tracks and surface cracking. Modelling results presented in the paper provide estimation of changes in water infiltration rate with land of different topography, soil physical condition, season and grazing. These models were derived from field data collected over 3 years and were specified for micro-sites (0.5 m2). The modelling results identified that micro-site infiltration analysis was appropriate to land with complex grazing and topographic conditions. The correlation between the model estimation and field measures was up to 73% (adjusted R2). Keywords: animal treading, infiltration rate, soil compaction, runoff, cellular automata, spatial modelling
The McRae Trust Sustainable Land Management Project: A community-based approach to sustainable hill country farming
Authors: Manson Peter
Published: July 2020

An East Coast hill country extension project has been running successfully for 5 years. A community group meets regularly to discuss farm development and farming policies, which may conclude with the manager adopting recommendations. The group includes people from agribusiness who freely give time and technical advice. Funding for extension activities only was available for the first 3 years. The project aims to improve farm production, while attending to environmental issues and to impart the knowledge gained to the wider community. An annual field day is held for the farming community. Significant gains have been made in production levels and soil conservation and other environmental work. It is also considered that the project has been effective in its extension role, although this is difficult to measure. Success of the project to date can be related to the continuing challenges that arise for the group and the property, which is typical of the wider Wairoa area, and the interesting group meetings and field days which draw good numbers of people. Assigning project members to task groups, designed to address specific issues, could give new impetus. Issues, which could be addressed, include the economic options for steeper country and the human factors of farming. The model is repeatable in other areas. Keywords: extension, forestry, hill country, soil conservation, sustainability
Meeting the market in a dry environment
Authors: Hyslop Peter
Published: July 2020

The climate is very conducive to an early lambing programme as our mild winters allow some grass growth resulting in good lamb growth rates. Marks and Spencer criteria are tight, so strict drafting procedures are essential. Only a high qualifying percentage will result in high per head dollar values. Early sale of Marks and Spencer lambs is complimentary to other farming operations and allows greater flexibility with seasonal extremes. The early lambing operation is geared basically 100 for 12 weeks of production from the time when lambs hit the ground to their sale. If the majority of early-born singles do not meet the contract, then the whole procedure is a waste of time and resources.
Fertiliser evenness - losses and costs: A study on the economic benefits of uniform applications of fertiliser
Authors: Horrell R. , Metherell A.K. , Ford S. , Doscher C.
Published: July 2020

Over two million tonnes of fertiliser are applied to New Zealand pastures and crops annually and there is an increasing desire by farmers to ensure that the best possible economic return is gained from this investment. Spreading distribution measurements undertaken by Lincoln Ventures Ltd (LVL) have identified large variations in the evenness of fertiliser application by spreading machines which could lead to a failure to achieve optimum potential in some crop yields and to significant associated economic losses. To quantify these losses, a study was undertaken to calculate the effect of uneven fertiliser application on crop yield. From LVL's spreader database, spread patterns from many machines were categorised by spread pattern type and by coefficient of variation (CV). These patterns were then used to calculate yield losses when they were combined with the response data from five representative cropping and pastoral situations. Nitrogen fertiliser on ryegrass seed crops shows significant production losses at a spread pattern CV between 30% and 40%. For P and S on pasture, the cumulative effect of uneven spreading accrues, until there is significant economic loss occurring by year 3 for both the Waikato dairy and Southland sheep and beef systems at CV values between 30% and 40%. For nitrogen on pasture, significant loss in a dairy system occurs at a CV of approximately 40% whereas for a sheep and beef system it is at a CV of 50%, where the financial return from nitrogen application has been calculated at the average gross revenue of the farming system. The conclusion of this study is that the current Spreadmark standards are a satisfactory basis for defining the evenness requirements of fertiliser applications in most circumstances. On the basis of Spreadmark testing to date, more than 50% of the national commercial spreading fleet fails to meet the standard for nitrogenous fertilisers and 40% fails to meet the standard for phosphatic fertilisers.Keywords: aerial spreading, crop response, economic loss, fertiliser, ground spreading, striping, uneven application, uneven spreading, yield loss
Pasture damage and regrowth from cattle treading
Authors: Pande T.N. , Valentine I. , Betteridge K. , Mackay A. , Horne D.
Published: July 2020

Two experiments were conducted to describe the damage and regrowth of pasture after a single, severe cattle treading event during winter. One experiment was conducted on hill country at AgResearch's Ballantrae Hill Country Research Station, and the other on the No. 4 Dairy Unit at Massey University. Herbage growth rate, canopy cover, tiller density and leaf area index were studied and compared in grazed, cattle-trodden and untrodden (control) pastures. At Ballantrae, the control treatment was sheep-grazed pasture, and at Massey University, it was cattle-grazed, but untrodden pasture under the electric fence. A single cattle treading event on winter-wet soils reduced hill pasture growth rates in spring to 11 kg DM/ha/day compared to 18 kg DM/ha/day in undamaged pasture on slopes, and to 21 kg DM/ ha/day compared to 39 kg DM/ha/day on tracks. Spring dairy pasture growth rate to 7 weeks after treading was 33 kg DM/ha/day compared to 51 kg DM/ha/day in undamaged pasture. Damage reduced canopy cover to 60% on hill pasture tracks and to 43% in dairy pasture, compared to covers of 95% and 90% in undamaged pastures, respectively. It was concluded that the low spring herbage growth rate following a single, severe winter treading of pasture on wet soil was due mainly to significantly reduced tiller numbers, and a decrease in leaf area index and canopy cover. Treading had no significant effect on the size of individual tillers. Keywords: cattle treading, hill country, pasture, pugging
A description of Tussock Creek Farm
Authors: Clark John and Jill
Published: July 2020

Keywords: deer farming, pasture, pasture renewal, seed mixes, sheep farming, soil fertility History and description John has been farming for a total of 37 years and is third generation on the family farm. Previously, 223 ha used to provide work for up to three labour units but now the farm is 65 ha smaller and John and Jill run the property by themselves. This is very much a partnership in the true sense of the word with equal responsibilities and a good working relationship.
On-farm evaluation of cobalt/vitamin B12 supplementation for lamb growth on southern South Island properties
Authors: Pringle G.C. , Beckingsale B.H. , Metherell A.K.
Published: July 2020

On-farm cobalt/vitamin B12 supplementation trials were carried out with 3-month-old weaned lambs (N = 50) on six southern South Island properties that were considered to be deficient or marginal for cobalt over the years 1996-1999. No significant liveweight responses of the lambs were recorded over a 3-month period on any of the farms in any year. When lambs were raised on cobalt-treated pasture and were injected with vitamin B12 or had rumen cobalt pellets administered, liver and serum vitamin B12 concentrations increased. Plot trials showed two light sprays of cobalt sulphate at 60 g/ ha, 2 months apart over summer, was an effective means of maintaining herbage concentrations in the desirable range, i.e., >0.1 mg Co/kg DM. Monitoring of herbage cobalt and tissue vitamin B12 concentrations of animals was essential to indicate when lambs may need cobalt or vitamin B12 supplementation. Current reference values over-estimated the probability of responses in this set of experiments. Keywords: Cobalt, cobalt herbage level, lamb growth, vitamin B12
O Contrato de Trabalho Intermitente: Limites Constitucionais e Jurisprudenciais
Authors: Silva Matos Bianca , Trajano Azevedo Moreira dos Santos Gabriel , Queiroz Dutra Renata , De França Tâmara Brito de França
Published: July 2020

Este artigo científico se propõe a discutir a (in)constitucionalidade do contrato de trabalho intermitente, a partir do referencial teórico do direito fundamental ao trabalho digno, proposto por Gabriela Neves Delgado, e em contraponto à primeira decisão do TST acerca do tema. Será feita a revisão bibliográfica da ideia de direito fundamental ao trabalho digno, a fim de estabelecer a premissa teórica e a leitura constitucional que norteia este trabalho. Em seguida, se fará uma análise das possíveis inconstitucionalidades do contrato intermitente, nova modalidade contratual estabelecida no art. 452-A, à luz do esvaziamento dos contornos jurídicos que definem o trabalho digno, notadamente em matéria de garantia do salário mínimo, do direito de férias, dos limites da jornada de trabalho, e da ideia de segurança jurídica. Por derradeiro, a decisão da 4ª Turma do TST no processo número TST-RR-10454- 06.2018.5.03.0097, em que a Corte Superior trabalhista se debruçou pela primeira vez sobre os limites do contrato de trabalho intermitente, será confrontada, em sua fundamentação, com as formulações estabelecidas nos itens anteriores. Destarte, será possível refletir sobre o fenômeno jurídico a partir de como ele se conforma no ordenamento, seja se afastando ou se aproximando do paradigma constitucional de proteção ao trabalho.
How Well Can Arab EFL Learners Adequately Use Discourse Markers?
Authors: Fareh Najib Jarad Sane Yagi Shehdeh
Published: July 2020

Discourse markers are words or phrases used in both speech and writing to signal relationships between discourse segments, including clauses, sentences and even larger portions of texts such as paragraphs. Their proper use in writing effectively contributes to textuality standards, particularly cohesion and coherence. On the other hand, learners’ misuse, underuse or overuse of these markers may negatively impact the quality of the texts that these learners produce. This paper examined the ability of a group of Arab learners of English as a foreign language (ALEFL) from the University of Sharjah to recognize and produce discourse markers in written compositions. Using two elicitation techniques, the researchers collected data for this research from a sample of one hundred Arab learners studying English at the University of Sharjah. A test consisting of four parts was specially designed to evaluate participants’ ability to recognize and produce discourse markers in context. In addition, two hundred compositions written by ALEFL were analyzed to investigate their ability to produce discourse markers. The data analysis revealed that the participants’ ability to recognize and produce discourse markers was relatively low and their ability to recognize the functions of discourse markers in context was below expectations..
A Cognitive Analysis of Head and Heart Metaphors in English and Spanish
Authors: Al-Saleh Tasneem
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the use and the conceptualization of head and heart metaphors in English and Spanish. It studies 57 heart and head English metaphorical expressions and their equivalents in Spanish. This study mainly aims at exploring the similarities and differences between the two languages with regard to the conceptual metaphors from which the metaphorical expressions are generated and the ways of conceptualizing these metaphorical expressions. The study also investigates the role of the human body-experiences in forming and conceptualizing these body-based metaphorical expressions. The results show that the conceptualization and the manifestation of the investigated metaphorical expressions differ in terms of the linguistic expressions used and the conceptual metaphors from which they generate. The results also show that despite the differences that occur, there is still a common way of conceptualizing the bodily-based human experiences through metaphor..
The Face of Dictatorship in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s The Autumn of the Patriarch, and
Mario Vargas Llosa’s The Feast of the Goat
Authors: Safaei Mohammad
Published: July 2020

This essay is an investigation of dictatorship in three novels: George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s The Autumn of the Patriarch and Mario Vargas Llosa’s The Feast of the Goat. I initially review the intellectual relation among these authors, their more or less adherence to, or renunciation of, socialist ideology, and their depiction of the horrors of life under dictatorial regimes. To analyse dictatorship, I draw upon Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s concept of faciality as the processes that engender the machine of face. Faciality, as a theory, explains how specific faces emerge as mixed semiotic regimes with despotic and authoritarian traits. I demonstrate that despite their cultural differences, these novels are analogous in their emphasis on the thematic significance of face and the numerous techniques and apparatuses that are deployed within each authoritarian regime for the proliferation of the leader’s face. The novels delineate, in more or less comparable ways, how the State tends to suppress the Church or appropriate its functions, how people succumb to a sanctioned version of reality, and how they typically learn to revere a despotic authority that imposes on them the most atrocious rules and practices. The novelists portray not only the suppression of individual freedoms, but also the precariousness of existence under despotic regimes..
The Woman as "the Other" in Glaspell's Trifles, Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun and Kane's Blasted
Authors: Kareem Abd-Aun Raad
Published: July 2020

According to de Beauvoir, gender roles in society are in binary opposition: men are "the One", the absolute and essential, while the women are "the Other", the accidental and inferior. This concept of Otherness is clearly present in various elements of modern plays written by female playwrights in the twentieth century. This notion has been traced back in Susan Glaspell's Trifles through the play's setting and atmosphere, as well as the characters' understanding of "justice". For A Raisin in the Sun by the African American playwright Lorraine Hansberry, women experience the inferiority of being both women and black. Sarah Kane's Blasted, being an example of In-Yer-Face theatre, depicts the emotional and physical abuse of women in (post-) war societies through its harsh and brutal visualization of different forms of violence. By comparing these three different plays, it appears that there is a tendency emerging towards universalism, the "Other" is the experience of all women, at all times which is evident as the selected plays belong to different cultures across the twentieth century..
»Den verkliga kulturkonflikten«? Islamisk sexualmoralism i liberala Sverige
Authors: Ouis Pernilla
Published: July 2020

Finns det en reell kulturkonflikt mellan islam och västvärlden? I följande artikel hävdas att konflikten gör sig synlig på ett område: i synen på sexualitet. Vad säger den islamiska  sexualmoralen egentligen och vilka konflikter kan den bidra till i en sexualliberal kontext? Kan värderingsskillnader i fråga om sex ge upphov till en specifik social problematik?
Nya böcker
Authors: Siim Birte
Published: July 2020

Irreguljär migration i Sverige. Rättigheter, vardagserfarenheter, motstånd och statliga kategoriseringar. Maja Sager, Helena Holgersson & Klara Öberg (red.) Daidalos, Göteborg, 2016.
Institutioner för ensamkommande barn
Authors: Backlund Åsa , Lundström Tommy , Thorén Katarina
Published: July 2020

Residential care for unaccompanied minors. How can a growing and turbulent care market be understood?The number of unaccompanied minors arriving in Sweden has grown rapidly in recent years and the care of these children has become a significant part of the Swedish child welfare system. In this article, we discuss what has happened to the residential care market (known as HVB for short) in which most of these children are placed by the municipal social services. The specific questions we seek to illuminate are: Which type of residential care actors have expanded their operations? Have new actors entered the residential care market for unaccompanied minors? How can we understand changes in the residential care market in the current situation? The study is based upon the Health and Social Care Inspectorate’s registry of all licensed residential care units in Sweden. We compare data for all residential care units that targeted unaccompanied minors in 2014 with an updated register from March 2016. The residential care units are categorized based on organizational type (municipal, large and small private companies, municipal entrepreneurs, and non-profit organizations) and the article illustrates the composition of organizational type. The results show that despite the growing need for residential care for unaccompanied minors, the composition of organizational type has not changed significantly since 2014. However, the number of beds for unaccompanied minors is higher than for traditional HVBs, and it has increased between 2014 and 2016. The study also indicates that the composition of residential care for unaccompanied minors differs from the residential care market for other groups of children and young people.