bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kesan Ketiadaan Literasi Digital ke Arah Salah Laku Seksual dalam Kalangan Remaja Muslim di Malaysia
Authors: Wan Ismail Wan Abdul Fattah , Baharuddin Ahmad Syukran , Abdul Mutalib Lukman , Mamat Zulfaqar , Hashim Hasnizam , Syed Husin Syh Noorul Madihah , Alias Mohamad Aniq Aiman
Published: May 2023

Penguasaan terhadap literasi digital amat penting dalam dunia yang semakin berkembang kini dan diperlukan khususnya dalam penggunaan teknologi. Ini kerana, literasi digital merupakan salah satu aspek yang sangat diperlukan pada masa kini kerana ia merupakan kebolehan seseorang menggunakan teknologi dengan baik dan betul. Walau bagaimanapun, kesan terhadap ketiadaan literasi digital khususnya dalam kalangan remaja boleh memberi natijah yang sangat besar dalam kehidupan mereka. Tanpa penguasaan literasi digital yang baik boleh membawa mereka terlibat dengan perkara yang tidak sepatutnya seperti salah laku seksual. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk memperjelaskan kepentingannya dalam kehidupan seseorang dan kesan terhadap ketiadaan literasi digital ke arah salah laku seksual dalam kalangan remaja. Bagi kajian ini, penyelidik telah menggunakan pendekatan secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis dokumen dan kaedah temu bual separa berstruktur dengan beberapa pusat perlindungan di Malaysia. Data-data yang diperoleh ini kemudiannya dianalisis secara tematik dan disokong oleh kajian lepas. Hasil kajian menunjukkan, literasi digital sangat diperlukan dalam kehidupan seseorang ketika menggunakannya teknologi digital kerana ia merupakan salah satu kemampuan untuk memahami dan menggunakan teknologi dengan baik. Ketiadaan literasi digital khususnya dalam kalangan remaja boleh membawa kesan kepada  berlakunya salah laku seksual seperti mudah terdedah kepada aktiviti zina, membolehkan akses kepada bahan lucah, pergaulan bebas di media sosial dan perkhidmatan telefon bimbit dilihat lebih penting berbanding perkara lain. Diharapkan kajian ini dapat memberi pendedahan awal terhadap kepentingan literasi digital dan kesan ketiadaannya ke arah salah laku seksual remaja Islam di Malaysia.
Leadership Crises and Implications for Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Authors: Duyile Praise Fisayo
Published: May 2023

Nigeria has indeed struggled with socio-economic growth and development since its emancipation from colonial domination, trundling within a cycle of rent-booms, recessions, and even economic collapse. This study argues that the root cause of these socio-economic problems is poor leadership, marked by oppression, exploitation, nepotistic governance structure, electoral violence, and pervasive and systemic corruption. These negative indices have plunged the nation into a state of protracted violent conflicts, extreme poverty, weak infrastructure, rising youth unemployment and restlessness, untimely deaths, and multifaceted humanitarian crises. The paper examines the nature of political leadership and its bourgeoning effects on the development of Nigeria, using the predatory state paradigm as a guide. Relying on secondary data, the study asserts that the Nigerian ruling elites are aware of the dire situation of the country but keep aloof in order to maintain their corrupt grip on power. The study maintains that visionary leadership needs to be strategically harmonised with the abundant resources of the nation for it to get back on the track of development and instill confidence in a disenchanted populace.
Globalization and the Emerging Sexual Trends in Africa
Authors: Saheed Rahman Olanrewaju
Published: May 2023

Globalisation has significantly affected African societies' social, economic, and cultural aspects. One area that has seen significant changes is sexuality, with emerging trends such as lesbianism, gay rights, premarital sex, and transgender rights gaining prominence. Despite significant resistance from some African societies, these trends are becoming more prevalent and widespread. This paper examines the impact of globalisation on emerging sexual trends in Africa, with a focus on homosexuality, premarital sex, and transgender identity. It also discusses the underlying factors contributing to their emergence and why they may be difficult to stop. Using Cultural Marxist theory, the paper explores how globalisation and Western cultural norms are influencing the sexual values and behaviours of people in Africa, and creating new forms of power dynamics and inequalities. Furthermore, the paper explores the challenges and opportunities these trends present to African societies and the need for effective management strategies to address them. The paper argues that while these trends may be difficult to stop, African societies can adopt strategies to manage them, including the creation of legal frameworks that protect the rights of sexual minorities, comprehensive sex education, and the promotion of cultural diversity and tolerance. Overall, this paper contributes to ongoing debate on the impact of globalisation on African societies and the need for a more nuanced understanding of the complex processes that shape social change in the region.
Strategi Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Akhlak Dalam Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak di MTs Midanutta’lim Mayangan Jogoroto Jombang
Authors: Idayanti Nur , Khulailiyah Ahsanatul
Published: May 2023

Internalization strategy is a plan that contains a series of activities designed for the process of setting into the mind or personality, the actualization of values, standards, ideas, or practices from other people that determine the desired behavior for a system that educates by Islamic guidance towards the formation of a Muslim personality with noble character which includes in the learning process. Morals is a science that explains the meaning of good and bad explaining what humans should do. Moral values ??are an order of behavior that is embedded in one's soul. This study aims to: 1) To know the process of learning Akidah Akhlak in MTs Midanutta'lim Mayangan Jogoroto Jombang. 2) To know the process of internalizing moral values ??through learning Akhlak Akidah at MTs Midanutta'lim Mayangan Jogoroto Jombang. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive design. Data collection techniques using interview techniques, and observation. From the results of research that has been conducted at MTs Midanutta'lim Mayangan Jogoroto Jombang, it can be concluded that the implementation of the strategy of internalizing moral values ??in schools is good but there are still several other inhibiting factors, namely there are still, some students who have not participated in all religious activities because of a lack of student awareness. In its application, the strategy of internalizing moral values ??can be applied in various forms, such as providing an understanding of morality in Akidah Akhlak learning and the teacher council has provided a pattern of coaching such as exemplary, habituation, and advice in the school, environment to shape students' morals for the better. The example of a good example and habituation in the daily life of the teacher will be a motivation for students to follow the habits that have been exemplified
Հրաչյա Ղափլանյանի բեմադրությունները Երևանի Պատանի հանդիսատեսի թատրոնում
Authors: Առաքելյան Ռուզաննա
Published: May 2023

Известный армянский режиссер и театральный деятель Грачья Капланян начал свою творческую деятельность в ереванском Театре юного зрителя, на сцене которого им было поставлено двадцать восемь спектаклей. Свою режиссерскую деятельность он начинал в качестве ассистента выдающегося театрального деятеля Тиграна Шамирханяна, что во многом способствовало его профессиональному росту. Спектакли, поставленные Грачья Капланяном в ТЮЗ-е, вписали новую страницу в летопись армянского театрального искусства. Эти спектакли производили неизгладимое впечатление как на юных, так и взрослых зрителей.
Armenian theatre director and theatrical organizer Hrachya Ghaplanyan (1923–1988) started his creative activities at the Theatre of the Young Spectator and produced 28 stage productions. He worked as an assistant with the prominent theatre figure Tigran Shamirkhanyan, and this greatly enhanced his professional growth. The plays he staged at the Theatre of the Young Spectator wrote a new page in the annals of Armenian theatrical art and were highly appreciated by distinguished artists and theatre experts of the time. The audiences of both young and adult viewers were greatly impressed by his amazing creative stage productions.
Typológia sestier emigrantiek zo Slovenska v kontexte medzinárodnej migrácie
sestier
Authors:   Fakulta zdravotníctva,
            Trenčianska Univerzita Alexandra Dubčeka v Trenčíne, Hulková Viera
Published: May 2023

Objective: The aim of the qualitative study was to identify the types of
nurses-emigrant from Slovakia and their motives for leaving to work in German-speaking
countries. Methodology: Data collection was carried out through semi-structured
interviews in the period from June 15 to August 15, 2022. The criteria for the inclusion
of participants in the qualitative study were as follows: qualified nurses who received
their qualification in Slovakia and emigrated to Austria, Germany, or Switzerland.
Results: Of the 30 participants, 22 were economic emigrants, three nurse were
categorized as an emigrant-adventurer, two nurses as career emigrants, two nurses
represented the type of emigrant nurse preferring quality of life, and one participant
followed her partner. Conclusion: Findings from this study and similar research could
provide nursing managers with knowledge about the factors influencing nurse migration
and ideas for strategic measures to maintain human resources in nursing.
Posúdenie rizikových faktorov pádu u pacientov v ambulantnej starostlivosti
Authors:   Vysoká škola zdravotníctva a
            sociálnej práce sv. Alžbety Bratislava, detašované pracovisko bl. Sáry Salkaházi
            Rožňava, Kilíková Mária , Barillová Gabriela ,   ysoká škola zdravotníctva a
            sociálnej práce sv. Alžbety Bratislava, detašované pracovisko bl. Sáry Salkaházi Rožňava
Published: May 2023

Objective: To identify risk factors for falls in ambulatory health care.
Methodology: We carried out the research in a general practitioner’s clinic in the
period from January 2021 to June 2021. The file consisted of 937 respondents who
completed a preventive examination. We used the fall risk screening test and the Morse
Fall Scale. Data were processed using multiple regression analysis (p < 0.05).
Results: The average increasing age of patients is the most significant fall risk
factor. We found a statistical dependence between age (≥ 75 years) and the risk of
falling. Gender is not statistically significant. We identified an average risk of
falling in the our sample. Comorbidity and medication were the most frequently occurring
risk factors for falls in the research sample. Conclusion: Fall risk assessment in
ambulatory care will become an essential part of comprehensive care. We consider the
implementation of this nurse competence to be an activity of a preventive nature with a
focus on the creation of programs for the prevention of falls in all forms of health
care, including patient education.
Ochrana zdravia a bezpečnosť pri práci na odbernom mieste pri testovaní
antigénovými a PCR testami
Authors:   University of Health and Social
            Work St. Alžbety, n. o., Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Tománek Pavol , Knošková Eliška ,   University of Health and
            Social Work St. Alžbety, n. o., Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Drgová Jaroslava ,   University of Health and
            Social Work St. Alžbety, n. o., Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Knošková Monika ,   University of Health and
            Social Work St. Alžbety, n. o., Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Kollár Dušan ,   University of Health and
            Social Work St. Alžbety, n. o., Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Kollár Štefan Anton ,   University of Health and
            Social Work St. Alžbety, n. o., Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Published: May 2023

The focus of this article is to zoom in on the specifics and point out the
importance of health and safety in the work of a team of workers at the collection point
participating in antigen and PCR testing. At the same time, also point out the necessity
of prevention and protection of personnel when differentiating the potentially infected
from the negative tested. The area of great debate is precisely the working environment,
its individual working conditions and, last but not least, the prevention of accidents
or the risk of infection with infectious diseases. The department of safety and health
protection at work combines several procedures and measures used to prevent their
occurrence. The company‘s task is to place greater emphasis on creating working
conditions for healthcare workers, which will enable them to perform their work safely,
without harming their health, and the work will have a positive effect on the physical
and mental abilities of the workers. It also conducts and ensures training and
verfication of knowledge of regulations on safety and health protection at work,
cooperates with the bodies of trade unions, hygiene services and state professional
supervision over compliance with regulations on safety and health protection at
work.
Anatomical and Histological Evidence of Aluminum Bone Toxicity: An Experimental Study
Authors: Sheta Abdelrazek
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Aluminum has may be cytotoxic to animals and humans. It is mainly stored in bone and unfortunately, its absorption is increased with age. This study is done to define possible aluminum pathological changes in bone of aging albino rats. Methods: Twenty male albino rats aged 24 months was divided into two groups, control experimental. Experimental group received aluminum chloride for 10 weeks orally. The femur of both control and experimental group is investigated by light and electron microscope. Plain X-ray to the femur as an example to bone is also done. Results: Plain X-ray of femurs of the experimental group showed medullary bone trabeculae destruction, cortical bone resorption and sclerosis. Sections of the shaft of the femur stained with H&E confirmed X-ray gross picture and the bony cortex appeared very thin in comparison with control and showed multiple erosion cavities that may leads to bone fractures. Bone cells appeared few and highly degenerated while the periosteum was very thin and detached from the bone cortex. The bone trabeculae were highly destroyed, and the wide bone marrow spaces were filled by fat cells in some bones. At the level of electron microscope, both osteocytes and osteoblasts revealed severe degenerative changes and showed few irregular collagenous matrices. Conclusion: The degenerative changes observed in the bone of this study are most probably due to aluminum ingestion.
Physiological and histopathological analysis of nephro-protective effects of lactoferrin in diabetic rats
Authors: Alrefaei Abdulmajeed , Al-Sharif Ifat , Aleidan Ahood , Filfilan Wessam , Attiar Kamal
Published: May 2023

Background: Lactoferrin (Lf) has several actions that are interceded through different cell receptors. It was proven to have antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and immunomodulating properties. Therefore, this current study aims to explain the protective effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) on kidney function and histopathology and the role of nitric oxide. Methods: In this investigation, 60 adult male rats were used, and fifty of them were used to induce diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Forty animals whose blood glucose levels exceeded 300 mg/dL were classified as diabetic. Rats (10 normal + 40 diabetics) were left for about a month without treatment. Experimental rats were arranged into 5 exploratory groups; Control, diabetes, (diabetes + insulin), (diabetes + lactoferrin), and (diabetes + insulin + lactoferrin). After 45 days of treatment, blood was collected for the determination of glucose, urea, creatinine, and uric acid. A urine sample was also collected to estimate creatinine clearance, microalbumin, nitric oxide, sodium, and potassium levels. kidney tissue samples were taken from all rats in each experiment and used to estimate nitric oxide levels and histopathological examination. Results: The results revealed the protective effect of lactoferrin against diabetic nephropathy in rats through biochemical and morphological confirmations, including lowered rates of blood and urine indices, and an increase in renal nitric oxide levels as compared with untreated diabetic rats or those treated with insulin alone. Conclusion: There was a clear improvement in the kidney function as well as in the renal histology of rats treated with (insulin + lactoferrin) compared to those treated with insulin alone. This suggests a potential protective role of Lf in diabetic kidneys, which could operate through its biological activities, such as its anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions.
The EFFECT OF GIVING FE TABLETS ON THE INCIDENCE OF ANEMIA IN POSTPARTUM MOTHERS AT PMB RUSMINA BANYUASIN
Authors: Zelharsandy Vika Tri , Soleha Marchatus
Published: May 2023

Anemia adalah masalah yang sering dialami oleh ibu nifas. Pada masa nifas, terjadi kehilangan darah yang menyebabkan jumlah hemoglobin di dalam tubuh menurun, sehingga menyebabkan sel-sel tubuh tidak cukup mendapatkan pasokan oksigen. Hal tersebut meyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup, penurunan kemampuan kognitif, ketidakstabilan emosi, serta depresi pada ibu nifas Di PMB Rusmina Banyuasin Tahun 2022 didapatkan ibu hamil dengan kadar HB 8,2 gr%   sebanyak 50 orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pemberian tablet FE pada ibu nifas. Desain penelitian menggunakan matching pretest-post test control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kohort dari ibu hamil di PMB Rusmina yang melahirkan pada bulan Desember 2022. Sampelnya ibu nifas pada bulan Desember – Januari 2023 yang datang di PMB Rusmina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar pada responden perlakuan mempunyai usia reproduksi 30 (83,3%), sebagian berpendidikan (SD dan SMP) 28 (77.8%) dan berpenghasilan sesuai UMK 22 (61.1%) sedangkan pada responden control untuk usia reproduksi25 (69%), berpendidikan (SD dan SMP) 31 (86%) dan berpenghasilan sesuai UMK 15 (41.7%).Pada analisis bivariate dengan uji kolmogorov-smirnov didapatkan p> 0.00 pada perlakuan dan kontrol. Disimpulkan bahwa diberikan dan tidak diberikan tablet FE pada ibu nifas didapatkan hasil sama berpengaruh dalam peningkatan kadar HB.Disarankansetiap ibu nifas meminum tablet FE supaya tidak terjadi anemia dan memberikan ASI pada bayinya dengan maksimal.
HUBUNGAN MINAT DAN LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA DIII KEBIDANAN SEMESTER II DI AKBID PRIMA HUSADA BOGOR TAHUN 2016
Authors: Purwani Rani , Soleha Marchatus
Published: May 2023

Penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan di Akbid Prima Husada Bogor tahun 2017 didapatkan banyak prestasi belajar mahasiswa DIII kebidanan semester II yang rendah (IP < 2,75).Tujuan penelitian ini untuk diketahuinya hubungan minat dan lingkungan keluarga dengan prestasi belajar mahasiswa DIII kebidanan semester II di Akbid Prima Husada Bogor tahun 2017. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan  cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa semester II Akbid Prima Husada Bogor yaitu sebanyak 158 mahasiswa. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 63 mahasiswa. Metode pengambilan sampel dengan teknik simple random sampling dan menggunakan rumus lemeshow. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara minat dengan prestasi belajar dengan nilai P Value=  0,002 (P<0,05) dan ada hubungan antara lingkungan keluarga dengan prestasi belajar dengan nilai P Value =  0,002 (P<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hubungan yang signifikan antara minat dan lingkungan keluarga terhadap prestasi belajar. Diharapkan bagi penelitian selanjutnya untuk menggunakan desain penelitian yang berbeda agar mendapatkan temuan penelitian yang berbeda.
HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN KB SUNTIK DEPO MEDROKSI PROGESTERONE ASETAT DENGAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI PADA AKSEPTOR KB
Authors: Fransisca Lidya , Darmawati Junay , Adriani Adriani
Published: May 2023

Semua alat kontrasepsi pasti ada keuntungan dan ada kerugiannya, begitu juga kontrasepsi suntik. Salah satu efek samping dari kontrasepsi suntik adalah gangguan haid atau siklus menstruasi. Meskipun begitu kontrasepsi suntik tetap menjadi alat kontrasepsi yang banyak diminati para ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan penggunaan KB suntik Depo Medroksi Progesterone Acetat (DMPA) dengan siklus menstruasi pada akseptor KB suntik di RB Mitra Ananda. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan sampel berjumlah 70 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan accidental sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner untuk mengetahui tentang KB suntik dan gangguan siklus menstruasi. Uji statistik dilakukan secara komputerisasi dengan uji chi square. Hasil analisa univariat didapatkan distribusi frekuensi dari 70 responden yang diteliti penggunaan KB suntik DMPA sebanyak 45 responden (64,3%) dan akseptor KB yang siklus menstruasi tidak normal berjumlah 30 responden (42,9%). Hasil analisa bivariat berdasarkan hasil uji Chi-Square didapatkan nilai ρ value 0,000 ≤ α 0,05. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara penggunaan KB suntik DMPA dengan siklus menstruasi akseptor KB di RB Mitra Ananda Palembang tahun 2022
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC BACTERIUM Serratia marcescens ISOLATED FROM Episparis tortuosalis CAUSING A DAMAGE TO Chukrasia tabularis IN VIETNAM
Authors: Long Pham Duy , Thanh Le Bao , Hung Tran Xuan , Hang Hoang Thi , Tai Dinh Tien , Phuc Phuong Van , Long Bui Duc , Chi Nguyen Minh
Published: May 2023

Episparis tortuosalis Moore, 1867 is a serious pest of the Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss which is widely planted in plantations in Vietnam. A biocontrol option to manage this pest is a priority for the forest sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there are potential biocontrol candidates within the E. tortuosalis population. Sixteen bacterial strains were isolated from E. tortuosalis larvae that were parasitized in a C. tabularis plantattion in Nghe An province. Four isolates (FPRC06, FPRC07, FPRC14 and FPRC16) had strongest pathogenicity on Galleria mellonella larvae at 1, 24 and 36 hours after the injection and 72, 96 and 120 hours after the spraying experiments. The mortality rate of G. mellonella resulted from these two experimental approaches at the end of experiments was 93.3–100% and 76.7–100%, respectively. In a greenhouse experiment, the four isolates caused 44.3–61.1%, 52.0–68.0%, 54.3–69.1% and 41.4–60.7% mortality of E. tortuosalis larvae after 3, 5 and 7 days of spraying, respectively. These results were similar to applying a commercial Bacillus thuringiensis. The two isolates (FPRC07, FPRC14) were identified as Serratia marcescens based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA. Thus, this finding reveals the potential opportunities for the development of a natural insecticide of E. tortuosalis in Vietnam.
EFFECT OF OPERATING TEMPERATURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RELAXOR-FERROELECTRIC PLZT FILMS-BASED POWER ENERGY-STORAGE DEVICES
Authors: Ha Dang Thi , Binh Nguyen Vu Cam , Thu Bui Thi Toan , Luc Nguyen Thi , Ha Le Thai
Published: May 2023

Thermal stability is a key factor to determine the applicability of dielectric capacitors in the power energy-storage devices. The effects of operating temperature on the polarization hysteresis, energy-storage performance, and charge-discharge cycling stability of thin-film capacitors have been revealed in this study by investigating the relaxor Pb0.92La0.08(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PLZT) thin film grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates using a sol-gel spin-coating technique. The PLZT thin films demonstrate good thermal stability of polarization hysteresis and outstanding energy storage properties over a wide temperature range from room temperature to 150C. With increasing operating temperature up to 200C, the polarization hysteresis loops gradually become more slanted and slightly broaden. The fluctuation in recoverable energy density is less than 8%, and the change of energy-storage efficiency is less than 12% at 200C, which may be associated with the high dynamic polar nanoregions (PNRs) in relaxor ferroelectrics. At room temperature, PLZT thin film shows an excellent charge-discharge cycling life with fatigue-free performance after 1010 cycles in both discharge energy-storage density and energy-storage efficiency. However, the reduction of discharge energy-storage density and energy-storage efficiency, performed at an operating temperature of 200C, is about 18% after 1010 charge-discharge cycles. All these results suggest that such PLZT thin film capacitors are very attractive for energy-storage applications operating under high-temperature conditions.
A FATAL CASE OF PERSISTENT BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI BACTERAEMIA WITH SEVERE PNEUMONIA AND SPLENIC ABSCESS
Authors: Chang Chee Yik , Lee Hui Ling
Published: May 2023

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis. Melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease that is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, and is being increasingly recognized in other regions worldwide. Melioidosis can affect any organ system and present with a wide range of clinical manifestations including pneumonia, bone, skin/soft tissue, or central nervous system infections. In this report, we describe a diabetic farmer who succumbed to persistent B. pseudomallei bacteraemia with multiorgan involvement despite treatment with meropenem and ceftazidime.
MEAN IOP CHANGE IN NON-GLAUCOMATOUS PATIENTS WITH MACULAR EDEMA SUBSEQUENTLY INTRAVITREAL INJECTION AVASTIN
Authors: Anwar Adila , Awan Ayyaz Hussain , Imdad Anjum , Khan Sufian Ali , Shah Mutahir , Naeem Misbah
Published: May 2023

Background: The accumulation of fluid between the retinal layers is called retinal or macular oedema, while intraretinal oedema, or macular oedema, and refers to fluid accumulation directly within the retinal. Purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab on intraocular pressure (IOP) in Non-Glaucomatous patients with Macular Oedema. Methods: A pre-and post-interventional study was conducted. 220 patients were studied utilizing a non-probability, consecutive sampling method. Open Epi software was used to determine the sample size. The department of ophthalmology at Islamabad's Tertiary Care Hospital hosted the study, which lasted six months. Results: The study's participants ranged in age from 30 to 60, with a mean age of 50.38±6.53 years. Male to female ratio of these 220 patients was 1:1.6, with 86 (39.09%) men and 134 (60.91%) women. The mean IOP at baseline was 11.57±1.42 mmHg, and the mean IOP one month after the injection was 12.81±1.18 mmHg, with a mean change in IOP of 1.24±0.87 mmHg. Conclusion: This study found that non-glaucomatous patients with macular oedema experienced a high mean change in intraocular pressure (IOP) after intravitreal Avastin.
HEPATITIS B, C AND HIV EXPOSURE ON NAT AND CLIA BLOOD EXAMINATION METHODS AT REGIONAL BLOOD CENTRE ABBOTTABAD
Authors: Irshad Romana , Farooq Umer , Shah Tahir , Gul Adeel , Badshah Amir
Published: May 2023

Background: Blood transfusion is a lifesaving method in clinical emergencies. Despite various preventive measures, the spread of Hepatitis B, C and HIV remains a big issue in Pakistan. This study was done to describe transfusion transmitted diseases using NAT and CLIA techniques, on exposure to these viruses. Method: This study was conducted from 1st April to 25th August 2022. A descriptive study was done along with univariate analysis. The data was obtained from the regional blood centre in Abbottabad and it consists of reactive and non-reactive cases of NAT and CLIA in the sample size of 6233 donors. Data was collected from donors, and selected according to predefined criteria. Result: In 6233 samples, 53 were reactive for either Hepatitis B, C or HIV. Forty-seven were reactive with both CLIA and NAT. 6 were reactive with NAT only and 6107 were non-reactive. Conclusion: NAT yield detected in this study is 0.096%. (1:1039 donations). It implies that NAT should be the preferred method for screening in blood banks.
CYTOGENETIC PROFILING IN PAEDIATRIC ACUTE LEUKAEMIA; A REPORT ON 746 NEWLY DIAGNOSED PAEDIATRIC CASES ANALYZING THE SPECTRUM OF RECURRING CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS IN B CELL LYMPHOBLASTIC AND ACUTE MYELOID LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Meraj Fatima , Jamal Saba , Javed Omer , Maqsood Sidra , Mansoor Neelum , Jabbar Naeem
Published: May 2023

Background: Cytogenetics is evolving and different molecular mechanisms we know now have proved to be of diagnostic and prognostic significance in both acute lymphoid (ALL) and myeloid leukaemia (AML). This study aims to find out and compare the occurrence of different cytogenetics in paediatric acute leukaemia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of diagnosed B-ALL and AML patients presenting at The Indus Hospital. We studied FISH and karyotype in B-ALL and FISH in AML patients. FISH analysis shows a total of 69 (12.8%) of B ALL patients had cytogenetic abnormalities. BCR-ABL1 was positive in 5.1%, ETV6/RUNX1T1 in 8.6% and KMT2A in 2.3% individuals. Karyotype reveals hyper diploidy in 24.3%, Monosomy in 1.94%, and t (1:19) and t (17:19) were observed in 5.8 % and 0.24% cases respectively. FISH analysis in AML cases reveal positivity of t (8:21) in 26.4%, INV (16) in 6.1% while PML-RARA t(15:17) was done on morphological suspicion in 17 cases; all of which showed positivity; making 7.9% of the total AMLs. The study demonstrated a wide spectrum of heterogeneity in paediatric acute leukaemia. Conclusion: Hyperdiploidy was the most common cytogenetic abnormality. We report a lower incidence of t (12:21), compared to the world. We showed a higher prevalence of RUNX1/RUNX1T1 in young children. The prevalence of core binding factor AML was 32.5%.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR-2 (HER-2) IN COMMON SALIVARY GLAND CARCINOMAS
Authors: Saeed Zunaira , Zafar Nadeem , Ara Nighat , Muneer Saadia , Asif Zainab , Haroon Azka , Saeed Zahra
Published: May 2023

Background: Carcinomas of the salivary gland are known to be aggressive in nature, making them difficult to manage. The therapeutic options offered include excision of the gland (maxillectomy in cases of palatal tumours), with or without lymph node dissection, proceeded with radiotherapy. Chemotherapy has not produced promising outcomes and has a minimal impact as a therapeutic alternative. Targeted therapy against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), which is a commonly used treatment modality for their mammary analogues, is not being offered to these patients since scant literature is available showing its usefulness and no promising evidence is present regarding their efficacy and efficiency in such cases. The study aimed to evaluate and quantify the immunohistochemical expression of HER-2 in cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), which are analogues of similar tumours arising in breast tissue. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, duration of which was six months. A total of 45 cases (15 of each tumour) were taken, and sampled using non-probability convenience technique. The immunohistochemical marker, monoclonal HER-2 antibody (Leica microsystem Germany) was applied on appropriate blocks of all included cases. The staining pattern and intensity were recorded after visualizing the slides under a light microscope. Results: Seven cases of salivary duct carcinoma and a single case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma expressed positivity for HER-2, while no expression could be seen in the case of adenoid cystic carcinoma. A statistically significant difference was seen when HER-2 expression was compared among the aforementioned tumours. Conclusion: The use of targeted therapy against HER-2 is limited to patients of salivary duct carcinoma and a fraction of patients suffering from mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Burger en strafrecht: een multidimensionale en onlosmakelijke verbintenis
Authors: Crijns J.H. (Jan) , Hirsch Ballin M.F.H. (Marianne)
Published: May 2023

Burger en strafrecht: een multidimensionale en onlosmakelijke verbintenis

In dit themanummer beogen wij de positie van de burger in het strafrecht vanuit meerdere perspectieven te belichten. Hierbij beperken wij ons niet tot de processuele rollen die de burger in het strafproces kan vervullen, zoals die van verdachte, slachtoffer of getuige, maar besteden wij ook aandacht aan het bredere perspectief van de ‘gewone’ burger en de verhouding tussen het strafrecht en de samenleving.
Opiumwet en naleving
Authors: Boutellier J.C.J. (Hans)
Published: May 2023

Opiumwet en naleving; Wat we van burgers mogen verwachten

Nederland heeft een serieus drugsprobleem. Tussen de (opium)wet en de naleving daarvan groeide een enorme drugseconomie en een navenant handhavingsapparaat. Wat valt er van burgers te verwachten? Er zijn drie hoofdgroepen: consumenten, onverschilligen en betrokkenen. Een moreel appel op gebruikers gaat niet helpen. Er is behoefte aan open gesprekken tussen professionele belanghebbenden (van dancefestivalorganisatoren tot officieren van Justitie). Het kan op termijn leiden tot gevarieerde beleidsregimes afhankelijk van soort en gebruik.
Denken als een boef om slimmer te zijn dan een boef
Authors: Groothoff B. (Bram) , Castelijn T.I. (Tess) , Bourahtouf I. (Imane)
Published: May 2023

Denken als een boef om slimmer te zijn dan een boef; een verkenning van de knelpunten bij een eventuele ‘verbreding’ van de kroongetuigenregeling

In deze bijdrage wordt de voorgestelde ‘verbetering’ van de kroongetuigenregeling verkend. Allereerst komt de verhouding van een de verbreding en daarmee mogelijk een grotere toestroom van het aantal kroongetuigen met de verplichtingen van artikel 2 EVRM aan bod. Vervolgens wordt het theoretische kader geschetst waaruit enkele aandachtspunten volgen voor de inrichting van ingrijpende opsporingsmethoden in het algemeen en de kroongetuigenregeling in het bijzonder. Hierna volgt een analyse van het voorstel van de minister aan de hand van de volgende aandachtspunten: de beoogde resultaten, de explicitering van de morele prijs en het waken voor tegenstrijdige regelgeving.
2023/2 eBay Classifieds used as a recruiting and job application platform not a safe haven for gender discrimination of applicants (GE)
Authors: Burkert-Vavilova Susanne
Published: May 2023

2023/2 eBay Classifieds used as a recruiting and job application platform not a safe haven for gender discrimination of applicants (GE)

The Schleswig-Holstein Regional Labour Court (Landesarbeitsgericht, ‘LAG’) has found that a person who expressed interest in a job through the Internet portal ‘eBay Classifieds’ was an ‘applicant’ within the meaning of the German General Equal Treatment Act (Allgemeines Gleichbehandlungsgesetz, ‘AGG’) and, provided the other legal requirements are met, eligible for compensation for immaterial damage. The Court further ruled that the hurdles are high for the compensation claim to be countered by the defence of abuse of rights.
2023/3 Gender identity as protected characteristic (PL)
Authors: Wujczyk Marcin
Published: May 2023

2023/3 Gender identity as protected characteristic (PL)

Compensation for a breach of equal treatment on grounds of sex and gender identity shall be awarded to a transgender employee who is not issued women’s work clothing.
2023/4 Neutrality policy of City of Brussels not found discriminatory (BE)
Authors: Busschaert Gautier
Published: May 2023

2023/4 Neutrality policy of City of Brussels not found discriminatory (BE)

In an interim ruling regarding the refusal by the City of Brussels to employ a female candidate wearing an Islamic headscarf, the Brussels Labour Tribunal considered that such a public authority is allowed to pursue a neutrality policy concerning functions that involve contact with the public, thus concluding that the City of Brussels did not discriminate against a female candidate when refusing to employ her on the ground that she wore a religious symbol.
2023/10 Annual leave of a school director: impossibility to schedule own leave cannot imply lapse of that right (RO)
Authors: Suciu Andreea , Manaila Teodora
Published: May 2023

2023/10 Annual leave of a school director: impossibility to schedule own leave cannot imply lapse of that right (RO)

A school director could not take annual leave without affecting the annual leave rights of her colleagues. As no solution was offered by the employer, the Iaşi Court of Appeal found that the school director could not be considered to have abstained from her right to annual leave. In the absence of effective conditions and real possibilities for the employee to actually benefit from the right to leave, the Court awarded the school director compensation for untaken leave.
2023/11 Interpretations from the Labour Court concerning stand-by time in different firefighter duties (FI)
Authors: Nurminen Janne
Published: May 2023

2023/11 Interpretations from the Labour Court concerning stand-by time in different firefighter duties (FI)

The Finnish Labour Court has held in an interlocutory judgment that whether stand-by time is considered working time depends on the limiting effect of stand-by duty on the use of leisure time. Firefighters who worked as officer firefighters were able to spend their time relatively freely during stand-by periods. For officer firefighters, the Labour Court held that their stand-by time was not to be considered as working time in its entirety. The Labour Court came to the opposite conclusion regarding firefighters working as unit leaders. These firefighters were in practice supposed to stay at the fire station in order for them to comply with the required response time, leading to the conclusion that their stand-by time was considered working time in its entirety.
2023/12 The commute time of an itinerant sales employee between their home and the sites of their first and last customers can in some cases be considered as effective working time (FR)
Authors: Toumieux Claire , Ekrami Susan
Published: May 2023

2023/12 The commute time of an itinerant sales employee between their home and the sites of their first and last customers can in some cases be considered as effective working time (FR)

After several years of resistance, the French Supreme Court has decided to implement – at least partially – the position of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) on the commute time of an itinerant employee between their home and the first and last customer of the day. This commute time can qualify, under certain conditions, as effective working time and should be remunerated as such.
Het ontslagrecht in België
Authors: De Becker Alexander
Published: May 2023

Het ontslagrecht in België

In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op het ontslagrecht in België. De onderzoeksvraag die hierin aan de orde zal komen, luidt: wat is of wat zijn de juridische basisgedachte(n) van het Belgische ontslagrecht?
Penerapan Strategi Problem Based Learning dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Authors: Rosa Indica Purba  , Romauli Lumban Toruan  , Damayanti Nababan
Published: May 2023

The learning process in the classroom until now there are still teachers who position students as learning objects because students only listen to the material delivered by the teacher in front of the class as the main source of learning and the method used by the teacher mostly uses the lecture method, so it's easy for students to feel bored with the material given because it is less interesting. The problem-based learning model is different from other models because the teacher's role is to present students with a problem that exposes students to be active in solving problems. So the teaching and learning process using the Problem Based Learning model is the right choice in formulating problem-based learning. The purpose of writing this article is to assist students in developing inquiry and problem solving skills because solving problems has a real world context. Where giving these problems faced students in groups to have innovative skills and student motivation in learning.

 

Keywords: problem based learning, student’s learning motivation, Christian education.
1909 TARİHLİ ANAYASA DEĞİŞİKLİKLERİNİN HÜKÜMET SİSTEMİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: ÇOBAN İNCE İnci , ÖZDEMİR Yaşar Metin
Published: May 2023

Osmanlı Devleti’nin ilk ve tek anayasası 23 Aralık 1876 tarihinde kabul edilen Kanun-i Esasidir. Bu anayasanın kabulü ile Birinci Meşrutiyet dönemi başlamıştır. 1876 Kanun-i Esasi (1876 Anayasası) padişahın tek yanlı işlemi ile kabul edilmiş bir anayasa-dır. Bu yönü ile ferman anayasa örneğidir. 119 maddeden oluşan bu anayasa yasama, yürütme ve yargı olmak üzere devlet organları ile birlikte temel hak ve hürriyetleri de düzenlemiştir. Anayasa iki meclisten oluşan bir yasama organı ve düalist bir yürütme organını benimsemiştir. Yasama ve yürütme organlarının bu yapısı anayasanın yürürlükte olduğu dönem boyunca aynı kalmıştır. Ancak söz konusu organların yetki ve görevlerinde önemli bir dönüşüm yaşanmış, hü-kümet sisteminin yönü değişmiştir. Yasama ve yürütme ilişkileri açısından 1876 Anayasası’nın ilk metni, hakimiyeti yürütme organı içinde Padişaha tanımıştır. Gerek yürütme organı içinde padişahın belirleyici olması gerekse ka-nun yapma ve meclisin feshi konularında padişaha tanınan hukuki yetkiler padişahı sistemin esas aktörü haline getirmiştir. Dolayısıyla 1876 Anayasası’nın benimsemiş olduğu sistem bir mutlak monarşidir. İkinci Meşrutiyetin başlaması ile birlikte kabul edilen 1909 tarihli anayasa değişiklikleri ise ya-sama ve yürütme ilişkilerindeki dengeyi değiştirmiştir. Yürütme organının parlamenter sisteme uygun olarak oluşacağı kabul edilmiş, padişahın kanun yapımı üzerindeki etkisi azaltılmış ve meclisi feshetme yetkisi kullanılması oldukça zor bir yetkiye dönüşmüştür. 1909 değişiklikleri ile birlikte Osmanlı Devleti meşruti (sınırlı) monarşi dönemine girmiş ve parlamenter sisteme yüzünü çevirmiştir. Bu çalışma, 1909 tarihli anayasa değişikliklerinin yasama ve yürütme ilişkileri üzerindeki etkisin-den hareketle hükümet sistemindeki dönüşümü ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
Global Refugee Crisis as a Threat to Peace: Insights and Outlook
Authors:   Professor of International Relations, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Hossain Delwar
Published: May 2023

The world has been witnessing a rising number of forcibly displaced persons in the backdrop of the Ukraine War and several intrastate and inter-state conflicts. Widespread and large-scale displacements have created a new global catastrophe that threatens peace everywhere in the world. It is true that peace, whether perceived as a means or an end, is the greatest pursuit of human society. Although the world has seen remarkable progress of human civilization and enormous economic and technological changes in the past decades, it is marked by enduring conflicts, disputes, war and violence. Ironically, the world remains a place where people have been pursuing self-seeking goals in highly individualistic cultures. States remain hostage to power politics with an abiding focus on geopolitical and economic interests. The refugee crisis in the world demonstrates limitations of the global order based on distribution of power and capitalism. Refugee crisis is a trend not a blip. Precisely, it is the outcome of conflicts and persecution at intrastate, inter-state, regional and global levels. The United Nations through its manifold activities – security, development, cultural and environmental- has been contributing to peace, but the crisis persists. In this context, the paper is an attempt to understand the relations between the refugee crisis and peace in order to find ways of mitigating the sufferings and traumas of refugees worldwide. The paper argues that the ongoing global refugee crisis has assumed a formidable challenge to peace in the world that needs an urgent attention from the global community before it gets too late. It strives to remind the global community about the need for repatriation of growing number of refugees in the world.
People, State and Border: Examining Bangladesh-Myanmar Border Relations
Authors:   Associate Professor of International Relations, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Islam Md. Shariful , Hossain Delwar ,   Professor of International Relations, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Published: May 2023

Bangladesh has two immediate neighbors, India and Myanmar. Bangladesh shares both land and maritime border with Myanmar. After a long-standing maritime boundary delimitation dispute, Bangladesh and Myanmar resolved the dispute peacefully in 2012. However, Bangladesh-Myanmar land border often becomes a source of tension which often results in the killing of the members of the security forces and the innocent people. It is worthy to note that in September 2022, Myanmar mobilized troops on its border with Bangladesh. In addition, human trafficking, drugs trafficking, and arms trafficking are regular phenomenon in Bangladesh-Myanmar border. After August 2017 violence and torture by the Myanmar armies to the Rohingya people, more than 1.1 million Rohingyas fled Myanmar and took shelter in Bangladesh through Bangladesh-Myanmar border. Despite the existing challenges with severe implications, Bangladesh-Myanmar border issue has remained understudied. Against this backdrop, this article tries to understand border cooperation and challenges between Bangladesh and Myanmar.
International Cooperation and Infrastructure Development in Bangladesh: An Analysis of Financial and Technical Support System
Authors:   Colonel, the Bangladesh Army, Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Chowdhury Mesbah Uddin
Published: May 2023

This study plays an important role by providing information about the actual scenario of infrastructural development of Bangladesh after taking foreign assistance from different foreign aid partners. Because of Bangladesh’s precarious economic conditions, our major foreign aid partners have provided the country with a substantial amount of public foreign assistance. This paper displays how Bangladesh depends on foreign aid to boost its economy by investing in different infrastructural mega projects. It also discusses the aid scenario of the country that has been changing not only in terms of sources and volume of aid but also in terms of sectoral allocation and utilization. This paper focuses on three points. First, the paper demonstrates the trends of foreign aid flows to Bangladesh since its independence. Second, it emphasizes national foreign policy to get incessant foreign assistance in terms of grants and loans to continue different development projects and to analyze the aid strategy of different aid partners. And third, to find out the major problems faced by foreign partners and plausible reformation made by the Bangladesh government to overcome these impediments.
Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) in Bangladesh: The Need for Repatriation to Myanmar
Authors:   Lieutenant Colonel, Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh, Chowdhury Masud Parvez,
Published: May 2023

Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) have been created by the Myanmar army to leave their motherland. Due to inhuman torture by the Myanmar army, the FDMN had no other way but to leave their land. These FDMN took shelter in the neighboring countries, especially in Bangladesh. Bangladesh government established an extraordinary example of humanity providing shelter to the FDMN. But the temporary shelter should not be a permanent solution for the FDMN. Bangladesh is not their motherland, rather it is Myanmar and they are eager to go back to their motherland with honor and dignity. Bangladesh is trying its best to provide safety and security to the FDMN. But how long? Global actors had witnessed the brutality of the Myanmar army with the FDMN. This is high time for all stakeholders to come forward and find sustainable solutions for dignified repatriation of the FDMN to their motherland, Myanmar.