bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Promoter-Catalyst interaction between Mn and Rh by Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Graham B. , Klie R.F.
Published: August 2017

In the hope of optimizing the Fischer-Tropsch mechanism to produce cleaner ethanol, the catalyst- promoter interaction between rhodium and manganese was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Three samples were analyzed on a carbon nanotube (CNT) substrate with 3 wt% rhodium (3%Rh/CNT), 1% manganese with 3 wt% rhodium (1%Mn/3% Rh/CNT), and 2% manganese with 3 wt% rhodium (2% Mn/3% Rh/CNT). The average particle size were found to be (1.9 ± 0.6) nm, (2.1 ± 0.5) nm, and (3.2 ± 0.6) nm, respectively. An increase in particle size indicates that the rhodium and manganese are interacting. The lattice parameter for rhodium were also determined to be (4.1 ± 0.1) Å, (4.2 ± 0.1) Å, and (3.8 ± 0.1) Å, respectively. The decrease in lattice parameter in the 2%Mn/3%Rh/CNT sample was most likely due to a change in the crystal structure of the rhodium particles as a result of the interaction between the manganese and rhodium.
Fabrication of Oxygenation Microfluidic Devices for Cell Cultures
Authors: Khadka S. , Mauleon G. , Eddington D.T.
Published: August 2017

Current cell culture procedures that use normoxic (21%) oxygen concentrations have been proven to be physiologically inaccurate since the oxidation conditions in the human body ranges mostly between 1-13%. Recent studies have acknowledged this fact and have begun utilizing microfluidic devices to create an oxygen gradient to accurately depict the human physiology. While these studies have taken a step in the right direction, the gradient achieved is rather steep posing a spatial constraint in accurate testing. In order to address this problem we have fabricated microfluidic devices of five different specialized micro-channel architectures and tested them to find the optimal low rise oxygen gradient. Through fabrication and testing of multiple batches, we have determined that one of our specialized micro-channel designs (Architecture 3) has successfully produced a low rise oxygen gradient that provides ample spatial resolution to accurately pinpoint oxygen concentrations of interest, paving the way to improve the accuracy of cell culture techniques.
Spreading of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid using lubrication approximation
Authors: Klep N , Pelot D. , Yarin A.L.
Published: August 2017

In this work the flow of 1.5% Carbopol-940 solution was studied as it was transported through a wedge-like system at different angles, entrance heights, exit heights, and velocities. The high-speed video recordings of the flow were processed by tracking air bubbles entrapped in the solution. This data was used to find the velocity field of the solution beneath the wedge. Also, the force imposed by the solution on the inclined top plate of the wedge was measured. The theoretical description in the framework of the lubrication approximation for Newtonian fluids was used for comparison to the experimental results. It was found that Herschel-Bulkley fluids exhibit qualitatively similar behavior to the Newtonian fluid, such as the reverse flow near the top of the wedge. Overall, this work proves that the lubrication approximation can be effectively used to characterize the flow field of non-Newtonian Herschel-Bulkley fluids at the wedge angles at least up to 20 degrees.
Atomic layer deposition of zirconium oxide on copper patterned silicon substrate
Authors: Parulekar J. , Selvaraj S. , Takoudis C.G.
Published: August 2017

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was performed on copper patterned silicon substrates using zirconium precursor and ethanol as both an oxygen source and reducing agent. Ethanol targeted copper oxide formed on the copper surface, reverting it back to metallic copper. Selective ALD (SALD) of metal oxides on silicon surfaces over copper surfaces has been demonstrated up to 2-3 nm, though the process seems to lose its selectivity afterwards. We strive to maintain selectivity to thicker films by stepping away from conventional ALD processes utilizing oxidants. From previous studies with HfO2 and TiO2 SALD, we speculate that the oxidation of copper to copper oxide spoils selectivity. In this present study, we carried out oxidant-free ALD by using ethanol as a co-reactant solely on the silicon portion of these substrates. This process will occur in-situ every 20-30 ALD cycles for ALD of ZrO2. As expected, reduced ALD growth rate was observed with ethanol compared to that of water or ozone, with a growth rate of about 0.04 nm/cycle on the silicon portion of the substrate.
Effect of Storage Conditions on Ti-6Al-4V Surface Wettability
Authors: Peixoto C. , Butt A. , Takoudis C.G.
Published: August 2017

The relationship between storage conditions and wettability of annealed micro-rough samples was investigated in this study. Micro-roughness (2.45 ± 0.43 μm) was obtained through sandblasting and acid-etching in sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Non-annealed samples (control) and samples annealed at 400 °C and 600 °C were used. In order to investigate the influence of storage conditions on the surface wettability, Ti-6Al-4V disks were 1) wrapped in Kimwipe inside a plastic bag, 2) stored in petri-dishes containing 20 mL deionized water (DI-water) at room temperature, and 3) stored in petri-dishes containing 20 mL cold DI-water (8 ± 2 °C). Surface characterization was conducted using water contact angle (WCA) measurements, white light interferometry (WLI), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Disks immersed in DI-water maintained higher wettability when compared to Kimwipe groups over the course of 34 days regardless of the storage temperature. In addition, samples annealed at 600 °C showed superior wettability due to the rutile nature of the oxide film.
Tunability and Electrical Properties of Yttria-doped-ceria Films Fabricated via Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Sparks R. , Jursich G. , Zdunek A. , Rossero J.I. , Takoudis C.G.
Published: August 2017

Current Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) designs have operating temperatures between 800-1000 °C. Reducing this temperature to 500-600 °C would allow efficient utilization in varied applications. Yttria Doped Ceria (YDC) films show high ionic conductivity when used as fuel cell electrolytes in lower temperature ranges. This investigation shows that stoichiometric tunability of YDC film composition can be achieved through Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Film resistivity at room temperature is measured using a custom four-point probe sensor Film resistance analysis provides a method for evaluating the effect of doping and thickness of the film on desirable SOFC electrolyte characteristics such as high ionic conductivity.
Percolation Properties of Triangles With Variable Aspect Ratios
Authors: Correa C.G. , Feinerman A.
Published: August 2017

Percolation is the study of random networks and their nature of connectivity. An exponential relationship between the percolation threshold and the aspect ratio of a shape is observed within this paper. Matlab simulations and a novel experimental method are utilized to determine the percolation threshold across a conductive sheet as triangles of variable aspect ratios are cut with a Universal Laser System X2-600 100 Watt CO2 laser. Resistance is measured as a voltage of 100mV is applied across the conductive sheet of aluminum coated Mylar film. This data is then analyzed to yield the percolation threshold relating to a triangle with a specified aspect ratio. We establish an equilateral triangle to have an aspect ratio of one.
Triclosan Resistance in Francisella tularensis: A Site-Directed Mutagenesis Study of the FabI Enzyme
Authors: Silas N. , Demissie R. , Fung L.W.M.
Published: August 2017

An NADH-dependent enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, FabI, catalyzes the final step of bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis, reducing the double bond of trans-2-enoyl-ACP to a single bond forming acyl-ACP. Given its importance in bacterial fatty acid synthesis, FabI has become a recognized drug target. Triclosan, a diphenyl ether, targets the FabI, inhibits its activity, and stops bacterial growth. However, as a consequence of triclosan's popularity, and thus its overuse, bacterial resistance to triclosan has been reported. The mutation G93V in Escherichia coli (E. coli) FabI allows E. coli to resist the action of triclosan. We have identified the equivalent residue of G93 in Francisella tularensis FabI (ftFabI) as A92, and prepared a mutant A92V. E. coli cells, transformed with a plasmid containing the ftFabI-A92V gene, were grown, and the gene was overexpressed. From two growths (6 G of cells), 62 mG of protein, with a histidine tag, at a purity of 85% were obtained. Enzymatic activity was assayed by monitoring the absorbance of NADH at 340 nm. In the presence of triclosan, the wild-type protein was almost completely inhibited after NADH was converted to NAD$^+$ in the enzymatic reaction; however the A92V mutant exhibited similar activity with and without triclosan, demonstrating that triclosan resistance may also develop in Francisella tularensis.
Startup energy storage technologies for the building level: A review
Authors: Choi J.
Published: August 2017

The integration of renewable energy at the building level is increasing in popularity but brings many challenges. Energy storage, or batteries, is a potential solution to these challenges, but no currently available technology is objectively the best battery. This paper reviews promising startup company energy storage technologies at the building level, and organizes them into the following categories: cheaper, better, and greener. The amount of funding, which could be an indicator of future success, is also reviewed. Six energy storage technologies and funding for the respective startup companies were reviewed. The technologies reviewed were all found to have both advantages and disadvantages, and Aquion Energy's "green" battery was found to have received the most funding. However, with recent policy trends and a quickly moving startup culture, the energy storage industry will most likely see more activity with new technologies and companies emerging quickly.
Onsite Energy Storage in Today's Market
Authors: Loeding B.
Published: August 2017

Renewable energy has become increasingly more popular over the past decade with growing public interest and new regulations on conventional power generation, such as coal or nuclear. Renewable energy from photovoltaic and wind is a quickly growing market and is supplying more power to the grid every day. The fluctuations from renewable power generations sources make it difficult to utilize all the potential power generated as conventional power is needed to maintain the demand on the grid. To efficiently utilize all the potential generation from these renewable sources, it is necessary to establish a means of storing the energy that is captured to utilize it for future use. These systems can be located across the grid and onsite where the electric is being consumed. Energy storage systems provide wholesale market opportunities plus other benefits such as energy arbitrage, reduced transmission congestion, low local marginal prices, and both voltage and frequency regulation. There are potential value of on-site energy storage devices as a load-management tool for all sectors of the market to reduce costs for individual customers and for the utility.
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting for Powering Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS)
Authors: Majeed A.
Published: August 2017

Recent advancements in wireless technology and low power electronics such as micro electrome-chanical systems (MEMS), have created a surge of technical innovations in the eld of energy har-vesting. Piezoelectric materials, which operate on vibrations surrounding the system have becomehighly useful in terms of energy harvesting. Piezoelectricity is the ability to transform mechanicalstrain energy, mostly vibrations, to electrical energy, which can be used to power devices. This paperwill focus on energy harvesting by piezoelectricity and how it can be incorporated into various lowpower devices and explain the ability of piezoelectric materials to function as self-charging devicesthat can continuously supply power to a device and will not require any battery for future processes.
Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Transportation Application
Authors: Todorovic R.
Published: August 2017

The objective of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the possible onboard hydrogen storageoptions available today namely in fuel cell or ICE/electric hybrid vehicles. The issues associatedwith increasing the hydrogen volumetric densities via solid state materials storage and liquid carriersare the main focus with an overview of the current storage technologies. Possible onboard hydrogenproduction is discussed based on water splitting technologies.
Electricity Deregulation: California and Australia
Authors: Mlynarski T.
Published: August 2017

The twentieth century saw regulation and deregulation of many industries, including transporta-tion, trucking, airline, banking and media. Toward the end of the century, there was an increasedinterest in, and implementation of, liberalizing policies in the energy industry. The U.S. and Aus-tralian deregulation system has been left mainly in the hands of their states1,2, which has led tomany interesting case studies. This paper will focus on two of these case studies, California andAustralia. California's \deregulation crisis" is often cited as an argument against liberalizing energymarkets.3Comparatively, the eastern provinces of Australia integrated into a single deregulatedmarket, demonstrating some early successes and some diculties associated with the deregulationmodel.
An Analysis of Current Battery Technology and Electric Vehicles
Authors: Sprague R.
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this paper is to describe current uses of battery technology for internal combustionengine vehicles and newer hybrid electric vehicle and battery electric vehicle alternatives. This paperwill also discuss the benets and challenges to alternative vehicle adoption. As battery technologyand charging infrastructure continue to advance, and drivers become more informed about thesetechnologies, adoption rates for alternative vehicles have the potential to increase dramatically,leading to a dramatic transformation of the auto and petroleum industries.
Dictionary Use by Saudi EFL University Preparatory Program Students
Authors: Al-Homoud Faisal
Published: August 2017

t is undoubtedly true that dictionaries are an indispensable tool for language learners, as they are sources of information as well as aids to learning (Nation, 2001). More specifically, learners' dictionaries are considered reservoirs of treasures and jewels of information about words and their etymology, formation, behavior, and usage (Nakamura, 2000). The current study was set to explore dictionary use among Saudi EFL university students at preparatory programs. The study included 100 female and male students from seven different Saudi universities. A 42-item questionnaire was administered to tap the participants' behavior towards dictionary use in terms of a) the type of dictionary they own, b) language skills they tend to use the dictionary with, c) reasons that make them use a dictionary, and d) the types of information they look up. The results showed that the participants tended to use electronic dictionaries as well dictionaries available on the Internet more than paper-based or handheld electronic dictionaries. Moreover, the need to discover the meaning of a new word or to confirm the meaning of a previously met word was the most important reason for the current study's participants to look up a word. When the types of information sought was involved, checking the pronunciation and the spelling of a word obtained the highest scores. Finally, it was suggested that further research concerning the new emerging skills of dictionary look-ups due to the advancements of technology needs to be conducted.
Hohenbuehelia (Pleurotaceae) in western Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Silva-Filho Alexandre G. S. , Cortez Vagner G.
Published: August 2017

Hohenbuehelia (Pleurotaceae) in western Paraná, Brazil 
O INTERESSE DOS GEÓGRAFOS PELOS SONS: ALINHAMENTO TEÓRICO E METODOLÓGICO PARA ESTUDOS DAS PAISAGENS SONORAS
Authors: Malanski Lawrence Mayer
Published: August 2017

A elaboração deste artigo objetivou o alinhamento teórico e metodológico de diferentes autores que contribuem para os estudos das experiências dos espaços e da paisagem sonora. Para tanto, adotou-se a perspectiva humanista da geografia fundamentada, sobretudo, em ideias de Maurice Merleau-Ponty. O método utilizado para sua elaboração foi de revisão narrativa de literatura, o qual não esgotou as fontes de informações e submeteu a interpretação das mesmas à subjetividade do autor. Os resultados revelam a possibilidade do estudo do mundo sonoro a partir de suas experiências individuais, o que perpassa a percepção dos espaços acústicos até a conformação de um mundo vivido. A percepção converte os objetos sonoros em eventos/signos o que, juntamente com a intersubjetividade, resulta na paisagem sonora. Além de signos, esses eventos podem ser compreendidos como sinais, símbolos, ruídos e sons fundamentais, que juntos caracterizam e dão identidades aos lugares. Assim, a paisagem sonora pode ser definida como uma formação mental intencional construída a partir da relação corporal do indivíduo com o mundo sonoro objetivo e com o outro. Ao tratar da experiência espacial, considera-se a escala no nível da percepção dos fenômenos sonoros nos locais, o que favorece o desenvolvimento de diferentes técnicas de coleta de informações em campo, tais como os passeios sonoros, as gravações, a elaboração de mapas sonoros pessoais e a posterior organização de catálogos de sons e de preferências sonoras.
ANÁLISE DO PREÇO DE TERRAS AGRÍCOLAS NO TOCANTINS: DECIFRANDO OS CAMINHOS DO AGRONEGÓCIO
Authors: Lima Debora Assumpção , Nóbrega Mariana Leal Conceição
Published: August 2017

O trabalho proposto pretende analisar as recentes mudanças o espaço agrário do Tocantins sob a ótica do avanço do agronegócio neste estado. A partir da análise do mercado de terras e o conceito de renda diferencial, é possível compreender o comportamento do preço das terras agrícolas e a evolução dos plantios de grãos, em principal a soja. O mercado de terras está diretamente atrelado à expansão de infraestruturas, notadamente o transporte, para o avanço de monocultivos importantes para a balança comercial. Além do avanço dos plantios homogêneos, as formas capitalistas acompanham tal movimento de expansão, em que as formas de acumulação de capitais também estão presentes na renda da terra. Assim, o agronegócio invade o Tocantins e consolida-se como principal atividade exportadora.
RESENHA - BRITO, J. L. N. S., COELHO FILHO, L. C. T. Fotogrametria digital. 1ª Ed. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ, 2007.
Authors: Sombra Daniel
Published: August 2017

O autor inicia sua abordagem rascunhando um conceito inicial acerca da Fotogrametria a partir da etimologia da palavra. Afirma, primeiramente, que o consenso geral da área costuma definir Fotogrametria como a ciência e tecnologia de se obter informação confiável, por meio de imagens adquiridas por sensores. Após explicar o que os conceitos ciência, tecnologia, informação confiável, imagens ópticas e sensores remotos, representam neste contexto, ao seu entendimento, anuncia que esta definição é muito vaga, o que motivou a gênese de diversas outras interpretações.
The Relationship between Ideal L2 Self and Willingness to Communicate Inside the Classroom
Authors: Bursali Nihan , Oz Huseyin
Published: August 2017

Over the past decades there has been a dramatic increase in academic research on motivation to learn a second or foreign language (L2). The present study tried to investigate the relationship between the ideal L2 self as a motivational variable and willingness to communicate in English (L2 WTC) inside the classroom. Participants were 56 university students majoring in English as a foreign language (EFL) at a private university in Ankara, Turkey. Data were collected using the Ideal L2 Self Scale and Willingness to Communicate inside the Classroom Scale. Findings of descriptive statistics indicated that 32.1% of the participants had high L2 WTC inside the classroom, 30.4% had moderate L2 WTC inside the classroom, and 37.5% had low L2 WTC inside the classroom. Findings also revealed a significant relationship between these two constructs noticing the relations at a skills specific level. The implications are discussed to present ideas to language teachers, teacher trainers, and curriculum designers to raise their awareness on the impact of ideal L2 self on willingness to communicate.
Effect of severe plastic deformation by ECAP on corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy AA 7075
Authors: Ilieva M. , Radev R.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The present study compares the corrosion behaviour of overaged AA 7075 before and after equal channel angular pressing ECAP in two media, containing chlorides, in order to answer the question how grain refinement of aluminium alloys influences their corrosion properties.Design/methodology/approach: The effect of equal channel angular pressing ECAP on corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy AA 7075 was studied in two water solutions, containing chloride ions: 1) 0.01 M Na2SO4 with addition of 0.01%Cl-, and 2) 3g/l H2O2 and 57g/l NaCl. The changes in electrochemical characteristics, provoked by grain size refinement after equal channel angular pressing ECAP, were found using potentiodynamic polarisation. Steady state potential, corrosion potential, corrosion current density; breakdown (pitting) potential of overaged and deformed by equal channel angular pressing ECAP aluminium alloy AA 7075 were measured.Findings: In the environment with lower chloride concentration equal channel angular pressing ECAP process led to increase in pitting corrosion resistance and in the medium with higher chloride concentration - to decrease in pitting corrosion resistance. That way grain refinement does not demonstrate a uni-directional influence on corrosion resistance of AA 70775.Research limitations/implications: The results suggest the possibility for development of materials having the same chemical composition but with different corrosion resistance to different environments.Originality/value: The paper presents the corrosion behaviour of ultrafine-grained aluminium alloy AA 7075 and the influence of the chloride ions concentration in the corrosion medium on this behaviour.
Influence of number of fusions on
mechanical properties of Ducinox alloy
Authors: Klimek L. , Wołowiec-Korecka E.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the test was to specify influence of re-fusions of the nickelchromiumprosthetic alloy Ducinox on its strength properties.Design/methodology/approach: The tests were carried out on the samples cast of theDucinox alloy molten once, twice and three times. The hardness has been measured usingthe Vickers method; the tensile strength has been also specified. The samples designed forstrength tests were subjected to X-ray control to find possible defects that would eliminatethe samples from further tests. The last test was observation of fractures occurred as a resultof the strength tests, under the microscope.Findings: Both hardness measurements and strength tests did not show statisticallysignificant differences among individual groups of samples.Practical implications: Based on the results of the tests carried out, it can be found thatre-fusion of the alloy Ducinox has no influence on its tensile strength. Thereby, in the dentaltechnology practice, it is possible to add the casting scrap to pure metallic alloy withoutinfluence on strength of prosthetic element castings.Originality/value: This is an well-known method of analysis which is applied in manyscientific fields. However in modern prosthetics it is new approach.
Use of optical microscopy for evaluation
of tooth structure
Authors: Banaszek K. , Sawicki J. , Wołowiec-Korecka E. , Gorzędowski J. , Danowska-Klonowska D. , Sokołowski J.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: There are many methods of examining tooth anatomy: some of them areapplicable to the hard tissues, while others to the pulp and the root canal system. Everymethod has some advantages and disadvantages in terms of revealing specific anatomicalor histological details of the tooth. The objective of the present work was to assess the useof macroscopic microscopy for evaluation of tooth anatomy and to compare the obtainedimages with those produced by the radiovisiographic method.Design/methodology/approach: The study involved 4 upper canines extracted forperiodontal reasons from patients of different age and sex. Initially, radiological images weretaken in the vestibular-lingual and lateral projections by the radiovisiographic method using aKODAK 2000 system with a KODAK 6100 sensor. Subsequently, the specimens were groundwith sandpaper and consecutive dental cross-sections were captured at approximately 0.05mm increments using a NIKON AZ100 multizoom microscope.Findings: The presented method, using side illumination and a digital capture devicetransferring the images to a computer, enables evaluation of tooth anatomy in terms of bothshape and internal structure, and offers the dimensioning functionality.Practical implications: Optical microscopy is a cheap method of examining the hardtissues of the tooth, including restorative materials, and for evaluating the development ofprimary and secondary dentin, as well as dentin affected by bacterial infection. A microscopeused in conjunction with good software provides many opportunities for easy examinationand dimensioning of particular anatomical features of the tooth on consecutive planes.Originality/value: This is an honest methods review and analysis which are applied inmodern prosthetics.
Material characterization for laminated
glass composite panel
Authors: Väer K. , Anton J. , Klauson A. , Eerme M. , Õunapuu E. , Tšukrejev P.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Laminated glass composite panel (LGCP) with at least one flexible plastic/
viscoelastic interlayer is considered. The purpose of this paper is to determine the material
properties of the constituents of LGCP required for accurate modelling of the laminated
glass structures.
Design/methodology/approach: The proposed approach includes the following three
type of tests: non-destructive tests for determining mechanical properties of the glass
layers (based on wave propagation), mechanical tests and finite element simulations for
determining properties of the interlayers, measuring residual stresses in glass layers using
novel methods and equipment (non-destructive, wave propagation based).
Findings: Methodology and procedures for determining material properties of the LGCP.
Research limitations/implications: Due to fact that the shear moduli of the
viscoelastic interlayers and glass skin layers differs up to thousands times, the direct
application of the classical sandwich theory may lead to inaccurate results. The layer wise
plate theory with viscoelastic interlayer should be applied. In the case of layer wise theory,
the material properties should be determined for each layer (not averaged properties for
laminate only).
Practical implications: The proposed approach allows to determine the properties of
the LGCP components with high accuracy and form base for development of accurate plate
model for modelling vibration, buckling and bending of the LGCP. The effect of the residual
stresses is most commonly omitted in engineering applications. However, in the case of
tempered glass the residual stresses are significant and have obviously impact on stress-
strain behaviour of the laminated glass panel.
Originality/value: Study consists of valuable parts, i.e. determining residual stresses in
glass performed in cooperation with private company GlasStress Ltd. Special software and
measuring equipment are developed. Further LGCP interlayer mechanical properties are
tested experimentally and using simulation tools for design optimization purposes.
MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN POLAND VS. EUROPEAN UNION
IN THE YEARS 2005-2014
Authors: Baran Joanna
Published: August 2017

This article focuses on issues of municipal waste management in Poland after 2004. Poland, as a
Member State of the EU is following its commitments and is approaching the EU standards of municipal
solid wastes management. The studies presented the the levels of generated and collected municipal
waste, also levels of storage and recycling. Municipal waste management in Poland was compared with
the situation in EU countries. It was found that Poland produces about 200 kg per person less municipal
services than the EU average, and on the other hand, approximately 50% of municipal waste is transferred
to landfills. The performance is not satisfactory in regards to EU commitments and the implementation
of a real “closing loops” approach.
SELECTED PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL INCOME ACCOUNTS
Authors: Kryszak Łukasz
Published: August 2017

The main goal of the study was to identify the basic research problems. Connected with agricultural income and its determinants, as well as an attempt to indicate potential directions for the development of agricultural income research. The literature review indicated the need for precise application of income concepts, the differences between the main research perspectives and the sources of data used and the specificity of the income statement due to the multi-occupancy and the co-existence of households and farms in the case of family farms. In the second part of the paper, the possibility of examining agricultural income in a regional perspective was considered, including the relation between resources and the use of financial analysis methods.
Nauczycielskie atrybucje zdolności do matematyki uczniów i uczennic
Authors: Turska Dorota , Oszwa Urszula
Published: August 2017

The present study tested the hypothesis that gender differentiates teachers’ attributions of
students’ ability to learn mathematics. Mathematics teachers in secondary schools (n = 120)
completed the Polish versions of Ability Attribution Scale (AAS) and Gender Stereotypes Scale
(GSS), by J. Tiedemann (2002). AAS concerned the assessment of students (n = 720), both
boys and girls with low, average and high scores in mathematics. GSS assessed the degree of
teacher’s acceptance of the stereotypical belief that mathematics is the domain of men. There
has been an empirically attained relationship between the teachers’ belief that mathematics is
a male domain and the attribution asymmetry, detrimental for the female students.
Edukacja narzędziem w walce o dominację religijną na Haiti
Authors: Chmiel-Antoniuk Paulina
Published: August 2017

The article is devoted to discussing the problem of education as a tool of religious dominance in Haiti between Catholics, Protestants and Vodou practitioners. This article examines the most important aspects of the religious situation in Haiti from the colonial period to the present days in a historical context. In this article the author uses the data analysis of publications, reports, non-governmental organisations and foreign press review. The author discusses the specific processes and forms of social activities, which created the modern neocolonial system of education in Haiti and presents the main causes of religious conversion and the role of Vodou after conversion to Protestantism.
Baseline Assessment of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Assay Performance: A Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) Interlaboratory Comparison Study
Authors: Wise Stephen A , Phinney Karen W , Tai Susan S-C , Camara Johanna E , Myers Gary L , Durazo-Arvizu Ramon , Tian Lu , Hoofnagle Andrew N , Bachmann Lorin M , Young Ian S , Pettit Juanita , Caldwell Grahame , Liu Andrew , Brooks Stephen P J , Sarafin Kurtis , Thamm Michael , Mensink Gert B M , Busch Markus , Rabenberg Martina , Cashman Kevin D , Kiely Mairead , Kinsella Michael , Galvin Karen , Zhang Joy Y , Oh Kyungwon , Lee Sun-Wha , Jung Chae L , Cox Lorna , Goldberg Gail , Guberg Kate , Prentice Ann , Carter Graham D , Jones Julia , Brannon Patsy M , Lucas Robyn M , Crump Peter M , Cavalier Etienne , Merkel Joyce , Betz Joseph M , Sempos Christopher T
Published: August 2017

The Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) coordinated an interlaboratory study to assess the comparability of measurements of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in human serum, which is the primary marker of vitamin D status. A set of 50 individual donor samples were analyzed by 15 different laboratoriesrepresenting national nutrition surveys, assay manufacturers, and clinical and/or research laboratories to provide results for total 25(OH)D using both immunoassays (IAs) and LC tandem MS (MS/MS). The resultswere evaluated relative to bias compared with the target values assigned based on a combination of measurements at Ghent University (Belgium) and the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology using reference measurement procedures for the determination of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3. CV and mean bias for each laboratory and assay platform were assessed and compared with previously established VDSP performance criteria, namely CV ≤ 10% and mean bias ≤ 5%. Nearly all LC-MS/MS results achieved VDSP criteria, whereas only 50% of IAs met the criterion for a ≤10% CV and only three of eight IAs achieved the ≤5% bias. These results establish a benchmark for the evaluation of 25(OH)D assay performance and standardization activities in the future.
US Legislative Update
Authors: Holmes Tommy
Published: August 2017

Water infrastructure finance, the Safe Drinking Water Act, and conservation programs in the Farm Bill are the top legislative issues for the water community in the 115th Congress. It may feel like we're in a time warp, but the first two issues are where federal policy and the work of water providers most commonly intersect, and the last issue looms large for the water industry every five years or so.
Ressocialização do preso, cidadania e geração de renda: profissionalização ecologicamente sustentável
Authors: Alves Maurilho Cavalcanti
Published: August 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo o enfrentamento de um grande problema que aflige atualmente a sociedade brasileira: a caótica situação enfrentada pelos detentos no sistema prisional. Superpopulação carcerária, alimentos inapropriados para o consumo, baixa escolaridade, descriminação do mercado de trabalho em relação ao egresso, são as principais dificuldades enfrentadas por estes presos, já que torna árdua a ressocialização desses indivíduos. Ninguém pode se refutar achando que esta situação não lhe atinge. Quando estes indivíduos são devolvidos a sociedade, chegam provocando este estado de insegurança vivido na atualidade, com altas taxas criminais. Transformar estas pessoas em cidadãos dignos é ensiná-los um trabalho honesto, compatível com seu conhecimento educacional. Labor que também tenha um cunho social de preservação da natureza, como no cultivo de hortas orgânicas em Colônia Agrícola ou estabelecimento similar. Estar-se-á neste artigo procurando a transformação social de criminosos, sem nenhuma perspectiva de vida, em pessoas probas, por saberem que poderão garantir o seu sustento e de sua família honestamente. Trabalho este ecologicamente sustentável, demonstrando também a importância social que eles passarão a ter.
STUDY OF VARIOUS FORMES OF IRON COMPOUNDS AND THEIR ROLE IN PROCESS OF SOIL FORMATION
Authors: Babanin Vyacheslav F. , Boychenko Vladislav O. , Mineeva Nina S. , Filatov Alekseiy V.
Published: August 2017

The existing discrepancy between the chemical methods used for separating metal compounds (for example, iron) from soils and their physical interpretation (radiographic methods) because of the ambiguous relationship between the solubility of metal compounds and the state of their crystalline structure, as well as the terminology on the characteristics of extracts, does not allow specialists and experts in the field of soil science unambiguously interpret the experimental data on the composition of soils, including for reasons of their involvement with heavy compounds of metals. To eliminate the existing inconsistencies, an automated installation was set up in the laboratory of the FTT of the YSTU and multiple measurements of samples of soils and microorganisms of plant and animal life confirming the magneto-ordering of iron compounds were made. The possibility of independent control over the effect of chemical extracts on complex soil samples allowed the development of methods that to some extent dissolve individual mineral forms of iron-oxalate (Tamm) and dithionite-sodium (Mera-Jackson) methods. It is shown that soil formation is accompanied by differentiation of magnetic properties along genetic horizons. The pondentometer method, or otherwise the Faraday-Sexamite method, is most suitable for studying inhomogeneous magnetic characteristics, has a high accuracy of results, excludes the influence of environmental impurities to the iron. The proposed scientific approach for more correct interpretation of data (in relation to soil analysis) obtained by various physical and chemical methods is the best for achieving high accuracy of measurement results, in which the influence of environmental impurities on the iron is excluded. This study may be of interest to specialists and scientists in the field of physical and inorganic chemistry, inorganic substances technology, as well as in the field of environmental protection, which emphasizes the relevance of the article.Forcitation:Babanin V.F., Boychenko V.O., Mineeva N.S., Filatov A.V. Study of various formes of iron compounds and their role in process of soil formation. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 7. P. 91-96.
Coalbed Methane Recovery By Injection of Hot Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Lau Hon Chung , Zhao Chaobin , Lau Samuel W.
Published: August 2017

A new method of coalbed methane (CBM) recovery is proposed wherein hot carbon dioxide at or near supercritical condition is injected into a CBM reservoir to take advantage of enhanced desorption of methane at elevated temperatures and the preferential adsorption of CO2 on coal surfaces compared to methane. The feasibility of this concept was studied by reservoir simulations using one quarter of an inverted five spot pattern using CO2 and CH4 adsorption isotherms published in the literature. The study compared CBM recovery by pressure depletion, CO2 injection and injection of CO2 that is 10°C hotter than the reservoir temperature. Results show that hot CO2 injection can significantly increase the production rate and recovery factor over and above that achievable by reservoir heating or CO2 injection alone. This new method holds promise for enhanced CBM recovery and also CO2 sequestration, especially for high-rank coals where swelling of coal by CO2 injection is minimized. Preliminary considerations suggest that this method can be economic over a range of CO2 and natural gas price if the CO2 comes from natural sources and the CBM field is located near an existing CO2 pipeline. Alternatively, if the source of CO2 is industrial, this method can be profitable if the cost of CO2 capture is offset by the trading price of CO2 and if the CBM project is located near the CO2 source.

Introduction

Coalbed methane, also known as coal seam gas, is a significant source of natural gas worldwide, with sizable reserves in the United States, Australia, Russia, Canada and China. In 2015, CBM production in the US was 1.27 Tcf (35.97 Bcm), accounting for 3.9% of all US natural gas production (EIA, 2017). Commercial production of CBM occurs in ten US basins with major production coming from the San Juan, Black Warrior and the Central Appalachian. In 2015, CBM production in Australia was 270 Bcf (7.65 Bcm) accounting for 18% of Australia's total natural gas production (Australian Government, 2016).
Safety and Multi-employer Worksites in High-risk Industries: An Overview
Authors: Nygren Magnus , Jakobsson Mats , Andersson Eira , Johansson Bo
Published: August 2017

This paper focuses on safety on multi-employer worksites in high-risk industries. Relevant industries are those that utilize flexible labour arrangements and specialization, such as construction, mining and petroleum production, and that traditionally have been high-risk due to hazards in the physical work environment and the occurrence of unsafe work processes and practices. These industries also share common characteristics in matters of overall work environments, multi-employer worksites (including subcontracting chains), as well as tasks performed by contractors, making it relevant to explore and clarify the situation regarding the safety of the affected groups. A comprehensive review is performed of 43 peer-reviewed research articles published up until early 2015, with a main focus on international studies covering safety issues on multi-employer worksites in construction and industrial work settings such as mining, petroleum production and manufacturing.

The results show that previous research has focused on a number of key issues that may be divided into three broad categories: 1- contract work characteristics; 2- structural/organizational factors and conditions; 3- cultural conditions. Much of the focus is on structure and organization, for example, how multi-employer arrangements can lead to breakdowns in communication and overall disorganization effects in relation to safety. There is, however, a need for further studies on the nature of these structural and organizational factors and conditions, such as focused studies on the consequences of power asymmetry for the ability of contractors to adhere to safety laws and regulations. Furthermore, we argue that the development towards blurred organizational boundaries in these networks due to extensive outsourcing and long-term contracts may be a worthwhile avenue for future research into safety on multi-employer worksites.
The Predictors of Unmet Demand for Unions in Non-Union Workplaces: Lessons from Australia
Authors: Pyman Amanda , Teicher Julian , Cooper Brian , Holland Peter
Published: August 2017

In this study, we examine the predictors of unmet demand for unions in non-union workplaces, using theAustralian Worker Representation and Participation Survey(AWRPS). Unmet demand is defined here, as those employees in non-union workplaces who would be likely to join a union if one were available. We argue that this is the first study in Australia to examine the predictors of unmet demand in non-union workplaces, and, that this is an important line of inquiry given a rise in non-union workplaces and never members in Australia, alongside declining union density and membership numbers. Drawing on three strands of existing literature, namely the individual propensity to unionize, the rise and characteristics of non-union workplaces and alternative forms of representation, and, managerial responsiveness to employees and unions, we develop and test four hypotheses.

Our results show, controlling for a range of personal, job and workplace characteristics, that there are two significant predictors of the willingness to join a union in non-union workplaces: perceived union instrumentality (Hypothesis 2) and perceived managerial responsiveness to employees (Hypothesis 4), whereby employees who perceive that managers lack responsiveness are more likely to want to join a union if one were available.

These results show that unions must try to enhance their instrumentality in workplaces and could be more effective in recruiting if they targeted never members. The results also show that unions need to have some gauge (measure) of how responsive managers are to employees, and that they can leverage poor responsiveness of managers for membership gain and the extension of organizing. In the final analysis, an understanding of the predictors of unmet demand for unions in non-union workplaces has implications for Australian unions’ servicing and organizing strategies, and for their future growth prospects.
Assurer son employabilité militante externe par la mobilisation du capital social : le cas des ex-permanents syndicaux lors d’une reconversion en dehors du syndicat
Authors: de Becdelièvre Pauline , Grima François
Published: August 2017

À partir d’une recherche qualitative auprès de 48 ex-militants syndicaux ayant eu plus de 80% de leur temps de travail pour leur syndicat, de 10 directeurs des Ressources humaines et de trois organisations syndicales, une organisation patronale et un cabinet d’accompagnement, cet article questionne la reconversion des militants syndicaux en dehors de la sphère syndicale. En s’appuyant sur le contexte français et la littérature existante sur la reconversion des militants syndicaux, nos travaux soulignent les stratégies mises en place par les ex-militants afin d’assurer leur employabilité militante externe.

Ces stratégies sont influencées par la perception qu’ils ont de leur employabilité. Plusieurs facteurs externes et individuels affectent cette perception. Les facteurs individuels sont le capital social perçu, la nature du départ (subi ou volontaire), le niveau de poste précèdent et le niveau atteint dans l’organisation syndicale. Ces facteurs individuels n’expliquent pas tout. D’autres facteurs externes, tels la stigmatisation dont peut faire l’objet le militant à cause de son engagement syndical, le lien contractuel et l’accompagnement du syndicat, expliquent la perception que le militant a de son employabilité. Celle-ci entraine soit une non mobilisation du capital social, soit une mobilisation offensive du capital social. Dans ce dernier cas, l’ex-permanent peut subir une phase d’observation de la part de l’entreprise d’accueil.

En s’intéressant à la reconversion syndicale, cette recherche constitue un renversement de positionnement par rapport aux nombreux travaux analysant la carrière syndicale. Le capital social des militants n’est plus pensé au sein de l’organisation syndicale, mais en dehors de celle-ci, et il permet de proposer le concept d’employabilité militante externe, à savoir la capacité d’un ex-militant syndical d’obtenir un travail et de se maintenir en emploi en dehors du syndicat grâce à la mobilisation de son capital social.
Les conflits sociaux et identitaires à travers la Nouvelle Chanson Chilienne : une approche culturelle de l’histoire politique du Chili, 1950-1973
Authors: Prom Aurélie
Published: August 2017

Au début du XXe siècle, le Chili et plus largement l’Amérique latine connaissent une situation générale de luttes ouvrières, de mouvements syndicalistes revendiquant des droits et une place dans la société bien longtemps niés par le pouvoir en place, conduisant à des affrontements violents dont les conséquences vont dépasser le périmètre de l’entreprise concernée. Au Chili, le mouvement ouvrier dans les années 1950 devient alors une véritable force politique et la situation politique chilienne permet d’illustrer ces conflits. À cette même époque nait dans cette agitation socio-politique un mouvement musical et culturel, la Nouvelle Chanson Chilienne, qui, s’il se revendique chilien, s’inscrit également dans une logique socioculturelle latino-américaine et plus particulièrement dans les conflits sociaux, en faveur des secteurs populaires. Aussi, c’est à travers une sélection de textes de chansons, la « Cantata de Santa Maria de Iquique » ainsi que certaines chansons de Violeta Parra et de Victor Jara que nous chercherons ici à illustrer une situation de conflit, en réponse à cette violence faite au peuple, qu’il s’agisse d’une grève ou du délogement des secteurs pauvres des « poblaciones ». Comment la nouvelle chanson illustre-t-elle les conflits sociaux propres au Chili et plus largement à l’Amérique latine au début du XXe siècle, à la fois acte de mémoire et de revendication politique et identitaire ?