bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey on Forest Wildfire Detection Using Deep Learning
Authors: Musale Prof. Jitendra
Published: March 2023

Abstract—The advent of satellite technology has made it possible to continuously monitor and manage forest fires, which pose a serious hazard to people and other living things. Smoke in the air indicates the presence of forest wildfires. Fire detection is essential in fire alarm systems for preventing damage and other fire catastrophes that have an impact on society. It's crucial to effectively identify fire from visual settings to prevent large-scale fires. An efficient method of a convolutional neural network based Inception-v3 based on transfer learning is developed to increase the accuracy of fire detection. It trains satellite images to classify datasets into fire and non-fire images, generates a confusion matrix to determine the framework's effectiveness, and then uses local binary patterns to extract the fire-occurring region from satellite images. This method lowers the rate of false detection. Keywords–:: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), deep learning, Inception-v3, fire detection, image classification.
DISTRIBUTED APPLICATION FOR ORGAN DONATION
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CMR Technical Campus, Hyderabad,  Telangana, India, Kumar Voruganti Naresh
Published: March 2023

Organ donation is one of the most virtuous acts that requires transformation. This paper describes the proposed system which is an application which makes use of FIFO approach to choose an organ donor for each genuine person who requires the organ and if there's an exigency case, the precedence is given to that case. It uses Blockchain as its base Technology. Blockchain Technology is popular for its decentralized and distributed network which stores records that cannot be altered after being saved. The stability of Blockchain Technology provides the necessary security to the application. It uses electronic documents which are digitally endorsed by the users. It resolves the problem of authorizing the same user repeatedly. Key Words: Blockchain, Smart contracts, FIFO rule, security, Decentralized, authorized person
TRACKING OF HUMAN ACTIVITES
Authors:   Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology, Imran Mr.Md
Published: March 2023

Abstract--Is it feasible to accurately understand what is happening at a certain location when we are not physically present without watching video footage. Since we are all currently busy with other tasks, we don't have a lot of time to dedicate to watching the entire film in order to understand what is happening. But, there is another choice for this, namely an audio clip with a person actually narrating the scene. The main advantage of this is we can simultaneously save time and multi-task i.e doing our work by listening to the audio clip that is generated by getting the up-to-date information and also if any person suddenly falls which may cause heavy injuries that may lead to a major medical issue for elderly people. Therefore to prevent such emergencies, it will also feature an alarm system to detect human falls. This is made feasible by utilising cutting-edge technology like computer vision and image processing to record live events, RNN with LSTMs to process and analyse the recorded ones, and natural language processing to provide a description of what is happening. Users receive audio clips that are created using the Google Text to Speech API. Keywords: Image processing, Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing, Convolution Neural Networks.
DEPARTMENT APPLICATION USING ORACLE CLOUD SERVICES
Authors:   Department of Information Technology, Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering And  Technology, Imran MD
Published: March 2023

There is a tremendous increase in users with an Android-based phone, Smartphone and tablet computers. This application provides generalized solution to monitor the various works that are carried out by a Department of College for managing it. “Department App provides a simple interface for maintenance of student information. This app will be praxis by students, lecturers, HOD and parents. It can be used by educational institutes or colleges to maintain the records of students. Department App deals with all kind of student details, academic related reports, department details, curriculum, batch details, placement details and other resource related details too. This proposed project will be implemented in applications such as online study material, notices, results and attendance, timetable, and all department records using Android applications. This paper aims to develop a department application for student & staff information System. keywords: Oracle APEX, Home Page, Student Details,Marks,Attendance.
Female Lunulae Amulets Made of Gold Wire in the Roman Time Necropolis rontovoe 3 (South-Western Crimea)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mastykova Anna
Published: March 2023

The article considers the finds of golden lunulae amulets found in the burials of the Frontovoye 3 burial ground in the South-Western Crimea (late 1 th — early 5 th centuries). They come from female burials of the 1 st — early 3 rd centuries and find parallels on the sites of the Northern Black Sea region and the steppe zone of Eastern Europe. Lunulae amulets are particularly typical for the female constume and most likely had a magical protective role in it. Such amulets were widespread in Roman times among the population of the Mediterranean, especially in its eastern part (e. g. Egypt, Syria). This testifies to the strong influence of Roman civilization, which manifested itself in all areas of the life of the “barbarians” in Taurida, including women’s attire. The almost simultaneous distribution of the lunulae amulets among the barbarians of the Pontic region and on the territory of the Roman Empire indicates a significant integration between the culture of the Northern Black Sea region and the Roman Mediterranean. Of course, gold lunulae amulets are of Roman origin and reflect the Roman fashion, where they were not only decorations, but also had an apotropaic character. It was assumed that such amulets would ward off evil forces, the evil eye, diseases, and other misfortunes from their bearers. Of course, we cannot say how much local women perceived the symbolic meaning of these objects, attributed to them by the Romans. Perhaps they treated them only as beautiful decorations, copying the Roman fashion.
Golden Amulet-boxes and their Contents from the Excavations of the Roman Time Burial Ground Frontovoe 3
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saprykina Irina , Khairedinova Elzara ,   Institute of Archaeology of Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kichanov Sergey ,   Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Rutkauskas Anton ,   Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Belozerova Nadezhda ,   Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Kozlenko Denis ,   Joint Institute of Nuclear Research
Published: March 2023

This article is devoted to the results of a comprehensive study of the finds of three gold amulet-boxes with preserved contents from the excavations of the Roman time burial ground Frontovoe 3 (Nakhimovsky district of Sevastopol). For amulets, an analysis of the chemical composition of gold was performed by XRF, and their structural elements were studied by neutron tomography (especially the soldered areas). Analysis of the internal contents, preserved in all three amulet-boxes, was carried out by neutron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. As a result, it was found that sulfur (α-S8) was inside the sealed amulet-boxes. In our opinion, the sulfur placed inside the amulet-boxes performed several functions, primarily ritual: it endowed the object with properties that protect against evil forces. At the same time, filling the hollow amulets with sulfur created a frame for the item, allowing it to remain intact for a long time and serve as an excellent piece of jewelry.
A Noble Kangju Citizen Hunting
Authors:   South Kazakhstan State Pedagogical University, Podushkin Aleksandr
Published: March 2023

The publication is devoted to the discovery, historical, cultural and artistic interpretation of unique artifacts of the art of carving on the horn dated by the time of the state of Kangju I in the 1st century BC — 2nd century AD. from South Kazakhstan. For the first time in the archeology of Kazakhstan, in the catacomb burial of the Kylyshzhar burial ground, two median horn overlays were found on the handle of the “M”-shaped reflexive bow with subjects of social and semantic-ritual content, made by highly artistic carving (engraving) on the horn. One of them reflects the hunting scene of a noble Kangju man. It depicts a rider-nomad of oriental appearance in the pose of a low-seated jockey on a horse-mare, who shoots from a bow, hunting argali driven by a long pursuit. The shooter has the regalia of power, is armed with a bow and its auxiliary attributes (reserve bow, solidly lit quiver with a set of combat arrows). Another plot shows a group of argali hunted by a ‘bear-lion’, a mythical polymorphic creature: the animals tend to elude this ‘beast’, which grabbed one individual in a throw and is readyto devour it. Both compositions are united by hunting into a single sacred action, in which a person (a horse rider with high authority in the society of nomads with a status close to a deity) and a mythical ‘bear-lion’ (also a deity) participate — as characters endowed with special social and religious functions — in the hunt for argali, the animals that embody the global deity farn (hvarnah) among the Iranian-speaking peoples of Central Asia and South Kazakhstan. The archaeological finds that accompany the these plates, as well as the chrono-indicators presented by similar historical and cultural content of the plots, the technique of making artifacts from horn, bone, allow us to determine the chronology of products within the 1st century BC — 2nd century AD.
Details of Roman Bronze Inkwells from Ust’-Alma Necropolis (South-Western Crimea)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Trufanov Alexander
Published: March 2023

Grave 1196 with a child’s burial of the first half of the 2nd century AD was examined on the territory of the Late Scythian Ust’-Alma necropolis (Crimea) in 2019. In this grave, along with red-slip pottery, beads and items of utilitarian purpose, there were objects thought to be amulets. Among them, details of Roman bronze inkwells were found, similar to those that were widely distributed in the territory of the Roman Empire in the last third of the 1st — first half of the 2nd century AD. Earlier, another object was found in the Ust’-Alma necropolis, which could also be a part of an inkwell. It is possible that these items got into the graves in the form of individual parts turned into pendants.
Jewelry Apotropaia in a Female Costume of the Crimean Goths
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khairedinova Elzara ,   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: March 2023

In the early Middle Ages, the Crimean Goths had jewelry that were endowed with apotropaic or healing properties: hollow jewelry — containers for amulets (cylindrical cases, bulla pendants, earrings with a polyhedron); bells, the ringing of which was believed to ward off evil spirits; composite “noisy” metal pendants with a core of wood, walnut or fruit stone; “brooch” necklaces with large beads and unusual pendants. The article characterizes these objects, identifies a group of analogies, and determines their purpose on the basis of written sources and ethnographic data. On the basis of the state of objects recorded in situ in the burials, a costume with apotropaic decorations is reconstructed.
Sarmatian Cults and Sarmatian Society
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Vdovchenkov Evgeny , Petrov Mikhail ,   Southern Federal University
Published: March 2023

The proposed article addresses the problem of social reflection of the cult life of the Sarmatians, investigated with the help of archeology and written tradition. In the article, special attention is paid to the concept of priesthood, which is compared with other concepts (healers, fortune-tellers, shamans). There is a practice in the archaeological literature to use a certain set of signs for attributing burials as priestly. Researchers usually refer to priestly burials as female and male burials with extraordinary grave goods. But these burials are more likely to be the burials of leaders and their wives and are associated with the performance of certain cult actions by them. Shrines and ritual sites, as well as cult objects known in Sarmatian culture, are not necessarily associated with the specialization of cult activities. The use of the concepts of ‘Sarmatian priests’, ‘Sarmatian priestesses’ and ‘priestly attributes’ by the archaeologists is rather a tribute to historiography, but upon closer examination, they turn out to be historiographical phantoms rather than a reflection of social realities.
Urbicius’s Epitedeuma
Authors:   Belgorod State University, Pedagogical Institute, Nefedkin Alexander
Published: March 2023

The article is the first Russian translation of a short treatise “Epitedeuma” by Urbicius, a Greek author. In this treatise, in a rhetorical form, Urbicius recommends to the Eastern Roman Emperor Anastasius (AD 491—518) to use special military devices, conventionally called “Spanish rider”, to protect the Roman infantry formation. The devices had to neutralize the horses of enemy cavalrymen and thereby disable the enemy’s powerful cavalry. This translation is supplied with an introductory article and comments explaining the historical realities.
Solar Symbol in the Life of the Ancient Slavs
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Terpilovskij Rostislav , Volodarets-Urbanovich Yaroslav
Published: March 2023

The authors present finds of artefacts with swastika of the first half of the 1 st millennium AD from the Zarubintsy culture area, Late Zarubintsy sites and Kiev culture. They are represented by pottery (13 pieces), Eastern European barbarian champleves (20 pieces), spindle whorls (9 pieces) and household items (1 piece). For the first half of the 1 st millennium AD in the area of Proto-Slavic archaeological cultures, 38 finds with images of the swastika (69 images in total) are known, which come from 29 locations. 47 images are right-sided, 21 are left-sided, the rays of one point in both directions. One find is known in the Zarubintsy culture, seven artefacts on the Late Zarubintsy sites and 32 artefacts in the materials of the Kiev culture. Consequently, the number of items with swastikas increases over time.
Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Andaliman Fruit (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC.) on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Levels in Rats
Authors: Arsiaty  , Yulia Delfahedah  , Andre Bastian Manik  , Nurasima Kurniati Damanik
Published: March 2023

Free radicals are compounds or molecules that contain one or more unpaired electrons in their outer orbitals. If the production of free radicals is excessive, it can cause oxidative damage which ends in cell death resulting in the acceleration of various degenerative diseases. To neutralize the work of free radicals, external antioxidants are needed. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) is a source of natural antioxidants that contain flavonoids that can neutralize free radicals. This research included sample preparation, examination of simplicia characteristics, screening of simplicia phytochemicals, extract preparation, determination of SOD activity spectrophotometrically using reagents. A total of 30 rats were divided into 6 groups consisting of the control group, the stress-induced group, the comparison group, and the three stress-induced and EEBA groups with doses of 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 300 mg respectively. /kg bw. Stress induction was carried out by administering EEBA for 7 days and continued by administering EEBA together with doxorubicin for the next 2 days. The results showed that the average SOD level in the control group was (4.626 0.2583), the doxorubicin group (1.956+ 0.0879), the EEBA group 75 mg kg body weight (2.444 0.0844), the EEBA group 150 mg/kg body weight ( 3.052 +0.1139), the EEBA 300 mg/kg body weight (3.646+0.1739) and the Routine 50 mg/kg body weight 5.594 + 0.2056), EEBA had higher SOD activity when compared to the doxorubicin group. Based on the statistical results, SOD activity increased with the increase in the dose of EEBA given and showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the EPBA group and the doxorubicin group. Observations on liver tissue in the group given EEBA showed better conditions than the liver in the doxorubicin group.
基于正念的沙盘游戏辅导对大学生心理健康的干预效果研究
Authors:   西昌学院), 徐 子涵
Published: March 2023

本研究旨在探索基于正念的沙盘游戏辅导对大学生心理健康的干预效果。首先，本研究根据正念理论，设计基于正念的沙盘游戏辅导干预方案；其次，本研究选取一所四川省高校的大学生，按照随机整群对照研究设计，对实验组和对照组进行干预；最后，对实验组和对照组的大学生心理健康水平进行前、中、后期测量，比较实验组和对照组在大学生心理健康水平上的变化，分析基于正念的沙盘游戏辅导的干预效果。结果显示，实验组在心理健康水平上较对照组明显改善，且实验组的改善程度明显高于对照组。本研究结果表明，基于正念的沙盘游戏辅导能够有效改善大学生的心理健康水平，从而提高大学生的心理健康水平。基于研究发现，我们认为基于正念的沙盘游戏辅导可以作为一种有效的心理健康干预措施，为大学生提供心理健康的支持。
Sexual Scandals in the Catholic Church: The Urgency of Building a New Formative Culture
Authors: Zacharias Ronaldo
Published: March 2023

Sexual scandals have contributed to a change in the Church’s mindset in how it deals with those involved in, or affected by, sexual misconduct. However, for such a change to be effective, the Church must act decisively by putting in place a new formative program and culture for clergy, religious, seminarians and ecclesial authorities. The author focuses his attention not on the scandals themselves, but rather on some necessary elements missing from the present formative processes, whether they have been ignored, denied, excluded, or not even considered. He posits that there is an urgent need to have a more expansive formation that contributes both to sexual health and to the integration of sexuality into one’s project of life. Overcoming a series of misguided understandings about the relationship between formation and sexuality is the only way to promote a new culture of prevention within the Church.
Sexually Violated: A Moral Theological Response to Child’s Rights
Authors: Bolanle Ojo Anthonia
Published: March 2023

This chapter argues that sexual abuse of children is a great violation of child’s rights which not only affects the victims but also takes a heavy toll on their families and our society. It recommends, among others, a deeper understanding and respect of the theological principle of the dignity of the human person requires that every human person be respected and it also limits the domination of one over the others. It also proposes that the Church speaks out forcefully and convincingly on the urgent need to protect the rights of children through the implementation of the child protection policy.
The Need for the Historiographical Approach to Understand and Address the Sex Abuse Crisis in the Catholic Church
Authors: Faggioli Massimo
Published: March 2023

Two dominant approaches shaping the understanding of the abuse crisis in the Catholic Church. The first is investigative journalism which broke the news on the depth and magnitude of the abuse scandal in the Catholic Church. The second is the courtroom approach. This essay argues for the need of the historiographical approach, aimed at understanding the abuse crisis as a complex historical phenomenon in a comparative perspective. The effort to conceive of and study the abuse crisis in the Catholic Church as an historical issue must not be confused with the wrong and dangerous idea that the crisis is only in the past, that the problem has been solved. On the contrary, it must be understood as part of the effort to address the crisis through a deeper comprehension of the roots and mechanisms of abuse itself, of the cover-up, and of the failure to respond to it.
Interconnectedness: the Thread that Enables a Theological and Synodal Response to Abuse
Authors: Goulding CJ Gill
Published: March 2023

In Greek mythology Ariadne gave a thread to Theseus to enable him to find his way out of the Labyrinth. Interconnectedness is a thread that enables us to see the congruent elements of a theological response to the abuse crisis amidst a spectrum of diverse areas, and move towards a coherent response. I argue that this is a synodal way of proceeding. Key features of this interconnectedness include: an understanding of authority as service and the importance of the child as agent and teacher. Both of these features find their deepest resonance in the person of Christ who issues a clear injunction to pay attention to the child. Indeed, his own identity is inseparable from his being a child in relationship with the Father - the eternal child, always the Son of the Father. There is, I suggest, a challenge to conversion and transformation for the entire ecclesial community.
Sexual Abuse in an Ecclesial Context and Gender Perspective: Challenges for the Ethical Administration of Power
Authors: Leal Claudia
Published: March 2023

The situation of women in the Church poses a series of challenges in the various spheres of institutional life; one of the most important is the management of power and, more specifically, the understanding of abuse from a gender perspective. From the scientific literature - both psychological and theological - we can understand that, if we really want to name and characterize the experiences of abuse of power that women live within religious institutions, it is necessary to expand the frontiers of what we have understood about sexual abuse. In this paper we will explore, from the perspective of Moral Theology, some of the categories necessary to take this step: positional vulnerability, personal vulnerability, consent and professional ethics. These categories will be discussed referring to specific cases of the Latin American context.
Transformative justice and restorative justice approaches to campus sexual assault: a scoping review
Authors: McMahon Sheila M. , Christensen M. Candace , Todić Jelena
Published: March 2023

Transformative justice and restorative justice approaches to campus sexual assault: a scoping review

Campus sexual assault (CSA) remains a persistent public health problem on U.S. college campuses. Changes in U.S. federal law have highlighted the need for responses to campus sexual assault (CSA) that meet the needs of persons harmed, increase meaningful accountability for persons responsible, and engage the whole campus in prevention efforts. These changes have simultaneously tightened standards of evidence in institutionalized campus adjudication methods and expanded resolution options to include processes such as restorative justice and transformative justice. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesize the available academic and grey literature about restorative justice and transformative justice responses to CSA up to September 2020. A total of 96 sources were reviewed, and 76 met the final inclusion criteria. For both restorative justice and transformative justice, there is a body of theory and praxis but minimal empirically established findings. Based on the available theoretical frameworks and praxis narratives, both restorative justice and transformative justice centre survivors’ needs, offer healing for individuals, and emphasize accountability for persons responsible for violence; however, restorative justice and transformative justice fundamentally differ in how they conceptualise the root cause of sexual violence and, therefore, what harms they aim to repair. While restorative justice in higher education settings focuses on interpersonal harms resulting from sexual violence, transformative justice emphasises repairing interpersonal harms resulting from sexual violence and transforming the structural conditions that enable sexual violence. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
User-driven Development of an Inquiry-Based Learning Platform: Qualitative Formative Evaluations in weSPOT
Authors: Bedek Michael A. , Firssova Olga , Stefanova Eliza P. , Prinsen Fleur , Chaimala Foteini
Published: March 2023

This paper describes the formative evaluation activities that were designed and implemented during the development of the weSPOT inquiry based learning platform. With the ambition to provide a platform that supports a broad range of inquiry activities in accordance with end-users needs, an agile software development approach was followed as a process of co-design between practitioners, researchers and developers. The paper focuses on the design of end-user centric evaluation activities for fully exploiting the potential of agile development. A detailed overview of several case studies is presented to demonstrate how implementing a continuous evaluation cycle allowed to pinpoint and help resolve arising issues in a process of collaboration between technology development and pedagogy.
The E-assessment burger: Supporting the Before and After in E-Assessment Systems
Authors: Adams Anne , Clough Gill
Published: March 2023

This paper describes a threshold concept-driven e-assessment system that supports teachers in writing effective formative multiple-choice questions, creating quizzes tailored to students’ learning pathways. The system, which has been co-designed with teachers, acts as the ‘bun’ on either side of an ‘e-assessment burger’ pedagogically scaffolding quiz creation (the top of the bun), integrating the quiz within personalized learning trajectories (the burger) and feeding the results back to the learners and teachers to guide the direction of future learning pathways (the bottom of the bun). The evaluation with 26 students in 3 subjects across two schools identified that supporting the before and after e-assessment empowers a shift in teachers’ encouragement for student ownership of assessment, guiding their learning pathways. Teachers also provide insights into how the system scaffolding and visualisations inspired changes to sequencing learning and teaching practices. In conclusion the changing role of assessment within a school ecosystem is debated.
Características de vítimas de violência durante o período peri-pandêmico de COVID-19
Authors: Fernandes Felipe , Obregón Phallcha Luízar
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Violence is a public health demand and requires public health prevention, promotion and control policies.
Objetive: Outlining the profile of victims of violence hospitalized from 2017 to 2021 at a university hospital.
Method: Data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) were applied and variables such as gender, age, area of residence, kind of violence, means used and probable perpetrator were analyzed.
Results: A total of 1,221 notifications were systematized, with major dimensions to women. The most affected age groups were from 1 to 4 years old (24%) followed by from 20 to 34 years old (14%). The most common kinds of violence were neglect (49%) followed by physical violence (30%) and sexual violence (7%). In 63% of the cases, violence occurred at home and a relative member was identified in 86% of them as the possible perpetrator of violence.
Conclusion: There was an increase in repeat violence and self-inflicted harm.
ACESSO VENOSO SUBCLÁVIO VIA FOSSA SUPRACLAVICULAR GUIADO POR ULTRASSONOGRAFIA: É OPÇÃO SEGURA?
Authors: VOLTOLINI Guilherme , FRANCK Claudio Luciano
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Central venous cannulation is a technique whose execution is still associated with mechanical, thrombotic and infectious complications and ultrasound-guided cannulation seems to reduce the incidence of these complications, costs and time required to perform the procedure. However, rare evidence supports the use of ultrasonography for cannulation of the subclavian vein via the supraclavicular route. Objectives: To assess whether subclavian venous access via the supraclavicular fossa guided by real-time ultrasound is a safe alternative for obtaining deep venous access. Method: Interventional, cross-sectional epidemiological study, characterized as a clinical trial, in ICU patients. The variables were: age, gender, weight, punctured laterality, number of cannulation attempts, time between obtaining the image and accessing the vein, depth of the subclavian vein in relation to the skin, and complications during placement and permanence of the catheter. Results: Accesses were performed in 18 patients. Most punctures were obtained in the first or second attempt, comprising 72.2% of the procedures, with an average time for execution of 9 min. There was a predominance of depths between 0.63 and 1.09 cm with an average of 1 cm. The success rate was 94.4% with 5.6% of complications corresponding to an arterial puncture. There were no other mechanical, thrombotic or infectious complications. Conclusions: The procedure is safe, performed in 9 min and, mostly, in the first or second attempt with 5.6% of complications, and depth from the skin of 1 cm.
Dispositivo intrauterino de levonorgestrel como medida profilática de doenças endometriais em pacientes em hormonioterapia no câncer de mama
Authors: Domingues Helena Maria Prado , Dias Gabriella Micheten , Da Silva Eduarda Menin , Gonçalves Eduardo Von Muhlen Colini , Malinoski Gabriela Gracia , Nassar Glória Maria , Martins Naiany Olivotto , Hajar Richam Gaze , Da Silva Valentina Lima Cartaxo , Righetto Gerson
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Breast cancer is the disease that most affects women worldwide and one of its treatments consists in the use of hormone therapy.
Objective: To review the use of tamoxifen, the endometrial protective effect of the intrauterine levonorgestrel system, as well as correlate it with the use of the drug.
Method: An integrative review was carried out in the PubMed and Scielo websites using the descriptors “endometrium, levonorgestrel, tamoxifen, adverse event, breast cancer”.
Results: From 882 articles, only 11 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the article. Tamoxifen is one of the drugs used in this therapeutic approach, but one of its effects is to increase cell proliferation in the endometrium, which may favor the appearance of some endometrial diseases.
Conclusion: The endometrial protective effect of levonorgestrel seemed to extend in patients treated with tamoxifen.
DISBIOSE DA MICROBIOTA CERVICOVAGINAL NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DO CÂNCER DE COLO DE ÚTERO: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Dziurkovski Machado Gabriel , Mota Narciso de Morais Felipe , Camilotti Isabela , Prestes da Silva Guilherme , Pinheiro de Andrade Tizzot Maria Regina , Regina Mikami Liya
Published: March 2023

Background: The ecological interactions played by the human microbiota are relevant for the development of neoplasms, either as a risk or a protective factor. The microbiota of the healthy female genital tract is ideally composed of a few microorganisms of the Lactobacillus sp genus. When dysbiosis occurs, there is a decrease in this population and colonization by several bacteria, leading to pathologies. Persistent infection by some types of Human Papillomavirus in the vaginal microbiota is the leading risk factor for developing Cervical Cancer, the fourth leading cause of female cancer mortality in Brazil. Objective: To conduct a narrative review on the ecological interactions between the vaginal microbiota and the development of neoplasms and to discuss the role of the healthy microbiota of the female genital system in cervical cancer development. Method: This narrative review searched for scientific papers on PubMed, Scielo, and Lilacs data platforms using the descriptors: "Vaginal Microbiota", "Dysbiosis" and "Cervical Cancer”. Seventeen articles were selected, including statistical data from the National Cancer Institute, the Pan American Health Organization, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Results: When dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota occurs, anaerobic bacteria can colonize the microbiome and damage the cervical membrane, making it more susceptible to human papillomavirus infection and increasing the risk of tumor formation, as well as causing increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage to biomolecules. These changes can lead to genotoxicity, disruption of cell signaling, and human papillomavirus integration into the host genome, favoring carcinogenesis. Conclusion: Dysbiosis in the cervicovaginal environment may increase susceptibility to the oncogenic potential of human papillomavirus. Further research is needed to increase knowledge of the microorganisms involved and to characterize the vaginal microbiota by epidemiological profiling to prevent and screen for neoplasms.
TRATO BILIAR: VARIAÇÕES ANATÔMICAS E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NA PRÁTICA CIRÚRGICA
Authors: De Matos Lucas  Miguel  Gonçalves , Zuffo Giulia  Rafaela , Telles Leila  Grisa , Sigwalt Marcos Fabiano , Dos Santos Eduardo Antônio Andrade
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT – Introduction: The biliary tract, formed by the gallbladder and structures related to its function, has a classic description in anatomy textbooks. However, the detailing of anatomical variations is beyond conventional teaching. Objective: It is to describe the main known anatomical variations related to the gallbladder and its structures. Methods: This is a narrative literature review, in which the Scielo and PubMed databases were analyzed with a filter adjusted to search between the years 2000 and 2021. The following descriptors were used: “Anatomical variation”, “Biliary tract” and “ Surgical injuries”. Results: The mainly anatomical variations are: 1) different cystic duct insertions in the biliary tree; 2) mainly biliary duct with different insertion, presence of multiples hepatic ducts; 3) absence ort he presence of multiple gallbladders; 4) identification of aberrant subvesicular biliary ducts (Luschka duct).
 
In conclusion, knowledge of anatomical variations in the biliary tract is important since neglecting them can endanger the patient's health. The review carried out can fill gaps in academic learning of the anatomical region of the biliary tract, in addition to providing surgeons with potentially unnoticed knowledge.
KEYWORDS - Anatomical variation. Biliary tract. Surgical lesions.
Alterações epigenéticas raras do Espectro de Beckwith-Wiedemann: Relato de caso
Authors: Carraro Lopes Karina , Lira Borges Henrique , Costa Ramos Felipe Bernardo , Mikami Liya Regina , Pereira Ferrari Lilian , Raskin Salmo
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND:  The Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome is a rare genetic condition characterized by  resulting congenital hyper growth caused by an alteration in 11p15.5. Its classic clinical manifestation consists in macroglossia, macrosomia, abdominal wall defects and higher predisposition for embryonic tumors. Due to its high phenotypic variability, it has been renamed to Beckwith-Wiedemann Spectrum. The diagnosis is made by clinical analysis and confirmation through molecular exams that analyze genetic and epigenetic alterations in 11p15.5. Nevertheless,  there is little disclosure in the literature, hence necessary new relevant case reports. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to report two rare cases of IC1 hypermethylation in the Beckwith-Wiedemann Spectrum, correlating the clinical aspects of the disease with results from Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification molecular analysis, and thus contributing to the scientific literature. METHODS: The medical records and molecular analysis reports of 2 pediatric patients were analyzed and compared with the scientific literature of similar cases. RESULTS: Hypermethylation of the H19-DMR region, also known as IC1, a rare cause of Beckwith-Wiedemann Spectrum, was revealed in both patients. Macrosomia, presented by patient 1, was the most consistent and prevalent clinical finding in cases of IC1 hypermethylation, however, post-natal overgrowth was more prevalent in cases of IC2 hypomethylation, differing from the clinical finding presented by patient 2. CONCLUSION: The case report makes a significant contribution to the scientific literature by identifying rare and under-reported occurrences, and based on the convergences and divergences found between the literature and the clinical and molecular findings of the reported patients, and due to the phenotypic variety of the Beckwith-Wiedemann Spectrum and the lack of updated scientific literature, the importance of disseminating Beckwith-Wiedemann Spectrum cases is emphasized.
Assessing Agricultural Export Evidence on Economic Growth in Nigeria (1999-2020)
Authors: Okuduwor A. A  , Amadi Robert C.C  , Udi O.F
Published: March 2023

This study examined the impact of agriculture export on economic growth in Nigeria from 1999 to 2020. Specifically, the study investigated the impact of agriculture exports (as percentage of merchandize export), exchange rate and trade openness on economic growth (measured using gross domestic product growth rate). Annual data used for the study were sourced from World Development Indicator (WDI) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. The study used econometric techniques of Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), bound test and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) for empirical analysis. The results of unit root suggested that GDP growth rate and agriculture export were stationary while exchange rate and trade openness were non-stationary of order one. The findings from the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method show that agriculture export contribute positive to economic growth. Exchange rate has a positive and significant impact on the Nigerian economy. Furthermore, the ARDL result show that trade openness has a positive and insignificant impact on economic growth. It was recommended that the Federal Government should formulate policies that will increase investment in the agriculture sector in order to optimize its positive contribution to the Nigerian economy.
Bacteriology of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children and Their Sensitivity to Antibiotics in Erbil City
Authors:   Trainee of KBMS Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. Hawler Training Centre, Shareef Alan Shakir , Amin AbdulKhaliq Abdulkareem ,   Consultant. Head of Hawler Training Centre Otolaryngology Head & Neck surgery, Amin Bushra Abdulkareem ,   Molecular biotechnology, Biology department, College of Science, Salahadin University
Published: March 2023

Background and objectives: Otitis media with effusion is considered one of the major causes of hearing loss in children. The pathogenesis remains unclear, an interaction between bacterial infection, Eustachian tube dysfunction, aller- gy and immunologic factors is proposed. Newer theories suggest a bacterial induced inflammatory reaction is the main aetiology. The aim is to analyse the bacterial involvement in otitis media with effusion and to determine the bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents used in Erbil. Methods:Middle ear effusion fluid was collected from 40 children aged 2-12 years with secretory otitis media and scheduled to undergo tympanostomy tube placement. The samples were inoculated into culture media and stained by a gram stain. The bacterial susceptibility to (amoxicillin clavulanic acid, cefixime, and azithromycin) was tested. Results: Bacterial culture was positive in 24 out of 72 ears (33.3%). The most frequent isolated bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae (62.5%), while Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphy- lococcus aureus constituted (25%) and (12.5%) respectively. Sensitivity to amoxicillin clavulanic acid was 93.3% for influenzae, 83.3% for S. pneumoniae, and none for S. aureus, While 66.7% of S. aureus, 16.7% of S. pneumoniae, and none of the H. influenza were sensitive to azithromycin. Most of the cultured bacteria were resistant to cefixime. Conclusions: The prevalence of bacteria in otitis media with effusion in our study is comparable to what is reported in the literature, with Haemophilus. influenzae being the most frequent microorganism cultured. The finding of the high percentage of bacterial resistance to Cefixime and azithromycin suggests that the injudicious overuse of antibiotic is leading to the increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
Management of Infected Gap Nonunion of Shaft of Femur by Ilizarov Method
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B, KBMS trainee, Orthopaedics, Muhammad Rooshad Ahmad , Barawi Omer Ali Rafiq ,   M.B.Ch.B. F.I.C.M.S (Orthopaedics), M.D.O.A. the Netherlands
Published: March 2023

Background and objectives: Distraction osteogenesis is one of the discoveries of Ilizarov which can be used to fill the gap in long bones, control infection, stimulate osteogenesis and equalize the limb. A nonunion is said to have occurred once there is clinical and/or radiological evidence of cessation of fracture healing, usually after 6-8 months. A septic nonunion is defined as a nonunion complicated by local infection at the fracture site and in the surrounding tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treating infected nonunion of femoral shaft by using Ilizarov method. Methods: in this prospective case series study, 13 patients with infected gap nonunion of femoral shaft were treated surgically with meticulous debridement and bone transport through application of Ilizarov ring fixator. Results: The mean age was 30.2 years. The mean length of bone loss was 6.1 centimeters. All patients achieved bony union with eradication of infection. The mean external fixation time was 5.9 months with a mean healing index of 1.1 month/ cm. The bone and functional results were evaluated by using Association for the study and application of the methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) scoring system. The bone results were excellent and good in 84.6%, fair in 15.4% and poor in 0%. The functional results were excellent and good in 77%, fair in 15.4%, poor in 7.7% and failure in 0%. Conclusions:Treatment of infected gap nonunion of femoral shaft by Ilizarov method provides an excellent result if conducted properly with a good patient education, preparation, surgical techniques and patient follow up.
Dynamic Hip Screw Versus Proximal Femoral Nail in Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur AO/OTA Types 31 A2 and 31A3 in Patients above Sixty Years Old. A Comparative Study
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B, candidate of KBMS, department of orthopedic surgery, Abdulrahman Rebar Nadhem , Mohammed Yousif Rashid ,   M.B.Ch.B, M.R.C.S (Glas.), consultant orthopedic surgery, lecturer at college of medicine, Hawler medical university, department of orthopedic surgery, Erbil teaching hospital., Abdulwahab Zainab ,   M.B.Ch.B, F.I.B.M.S (ortho.), lecturer at college of medicine, Hawler medical university, department of orthopedic surgery, Erbil teaching hospital.
Published: March 2023

Background and objectives: Intertrochanteric fracture of the femur is one of the common and challenging fractures in the orthopedic field, which mostly affect old osteoporotic patients. Different method of fixation used to treat inter- trochanteric fracture of femur, including dynamic hip screws and proximal femoral nail .We compared the dynamic hip screw and proximal femoral nail methods of fixation in unstable intertrochanteric fracture of femur (AO Types A2 and A3) with respect to duration of surgery, blood loss, intraoperative complications, union rate and functional return. Methods:A prospective randomized and comparative study was conducted on forty two patients, 26 males (61.9%), 16 females (38.1%), from March 2015 to March 2017. Out of 42 cases, 20 patients (47.6%) treated with dynamic hip screw (group A) and 22 patients (52.4%) with proximal femoral nail (group B). In this study, maximum age was 80 years and minimum was 60 years old with a mean age of 70.9 years. Results: Our study found that proximal femoral nail fixation had relatively lesser operative time (74.5+2.6 minutes in dynamic hip screw group and 57+2.3 minutes in proximal femoral nail group), less blood loss observed (150±10.7 ml in dynamic hip screw group and 90±6.7 ml in proximal femoral nail group) and the patients were capable of early mobilization and lesser rates of implant failures (2 cases in dynamic hip screw group with no case in proximal femoral nail group), however, dynamic hip screw patients showed faster fracture healing (12-16 weeks in dynamic hip screw group and 16-24 weeks in proximal femoral nail group). Conclusions:Proximal femoral nail provides more stable fixation for unstable intertrochanteric fractures spe- cially AO type 31A3 and has more favorable short-term outcomes with a shorter procedure duration, less blood loss and no implant failures.
La importancia de las consideraciones medioambientales en la ejecución del Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia. Retrospectivas de futuro
Authors: Domínguez Álvarez José Luis
Published: March 2023

El presente estudio tiene por objeto delimitar el alcance que los primeros
instrumentos normativos adoptados con la finalidad de impulsar la ejecución
del Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia poseen en la esfera del
Derecho ambiental. En este sentido, conviene recordar que con la
promulgación del Real Decreto-ley 36/2020, de 30 de diciembre se han
producido una serie de importantes modificaciones en algunos de los
instrumentos jurídico-administrativos esenciales sobre los que se edifica la
intervención de la Administración pública en materia medioambiental
(evaluación ambiental, prevención y control integrados de la contaminación,
autorizaciones ambientales, etc.). Estas reformas, las cuales han pasado
desapercibidas ante los ojos del conjunto de la población, plantean una serie de
importantes interrogantes desde el prisma de la seguridad jurídica, la efectividad
de la intervención del poder público en la salvaguarda de los recursos naturales
o la afectación del principio de elevado nivel de protección ambiental que
subyace en el Mecanismo de Recuperación y Resiliencia de la Unión Europea.
Objetivos de conservación y coherencia global de la Red Natura 2000
Authors: Sánchez González Jennifer
Published: March 2023

Los objetivos de conservación son un elemento esencial de la Red Natura 2000, a pesar de que la propia Directiva Hábitats no los define ni obliga a su adopción por parte de los Estados miembros. No obstante, la Comisión Europea y el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea han venido entendiendo que estos objetivos serán los que habrá que tener en cuenta para determinar si un plan o proyecto puede afectar de forma apreciable a un lugar de la Red y, por lo tanto, deberá someterse a una evaluación ambiental adecuada. Además, si se realiza esta evaluación, será el impacto sobre estos objetivos el que supondrá el resultado positivo o negativo de la misma. Estos objetivos se enmarcan, además, en el contexto de consecución global de un estado de conservación favorable y la coherencia global de la Red.
La incorporación de “criterios transversales” ambientales en los procedimientos de preparación contractual para la ejecución del Plan de recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia
Authors: Pernas García Juan José
Published: March 2023

Este trabajo pretende realizar un comentario sobre las “Orientaciones para la incorporación de criterios transversales para la ejecución del Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia”, aprobadas el 25 de octubre de 2021 por el Comité Técnico para el Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia. El análisis se centra particularmente en las recomendaciones del texto sobre el uso de criterios o cláusulas ambientales.
PERANCANGAN JARINGAN VIRTUAL LAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PROTOKOL PEER-VLAN SPANNING TREE
Authors: Sopian Adi , Khoiriyah Khusnul , Gonti Ilham Dwi Putra
Published: March 2023

The role of computer networks today is very important, starting from the need to share data, software, and communication lines (internet). PT. XYZ is a company engaged in event organizer services. As a modern company, of course, it already has computer network technology to support operational activities. However, along with the increasing needs and users, problems related to security arise and there is no redundancy path between switches. The purpose of this research is to design a VLAN network and create a redundancy path so that it can divide the network segment of each division with broadcast storm prevention technology. Network implementation with Vlan Trunking Protocol to divide network segments between divisions is going well so that there is a backup path between switches so that when one of the lines dies, the network will remain connected