bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beamforming Optimization in Internet of Things Applications Using Robust Swarm Algorithm in Conjunction with Connectable and Collaborative Sensors
Authors: Hasan Mohammed Zaki , Al-Rizzo Hussain
Published: April 2020

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) typically involves multihop relaying combined with sophisticated signal processing to serve as an information provider for several applications such as smart grids, industrial, and search-and-rescue operations. These applications entail deploying many sensors in environments that are often random which motivated the study of beamforming using random geometric topologies. This paper introduces a new algorithm for the synthesis of several geometries of Collaborative Beamforming (CB) of virtual sensor antenna arrays with maximum mainlobe and minimum sidelobe levels (SLL) as well as null control using Canonical Swarm Optimization (CPSO) algorithm. The optimal beampattern is achieved by optimizing the current excitation weights for uniform and non-uniform interelement spacings based on the network connectivity of the virtual antenna arrays using a node selection scheme. As compared to conventional beamforming, convex optimization, Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), the proposed CPSO achieves significant reduction in SLL, control of nulls, and increased gain in mainlobe directed towards the desired base station when the node selection technique is implemented with CB.
A Poly Resistor Based Time Domain CMOS Temperature Sensor with 9b SAR and Fine Delay Line
Authors: Xu Zhiwei , Byun Sangjin
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a new type of time domain CMOS temperature sensor with a 9b successive approximation register (SAR) control logic and a fine delay line. We adopted an N-type poly resistor as the sensing element for temperature linearity. The chip was implemented in a standard 0.18 m 1P6M bulk CMOS process with general VTH transistors and the active die area was 0.432 mm2. The temperature resolution was 0.49 °C and the temperature error was from −1.6 to +0.6 °C over the range of 0 to 100 °C after two-point calibration. The supply voltage sensitivity was 0.085 °C/mV. The conversion rate was 25kHz and the energy efficiency was 7.2 nJ/sample.
Optimizing Sensor Ontology Alignment through Compact co-Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Xue Xingsi , Chen Junfeng
Published: April 2020

Semantic Sensor Web (SSW) links the semantic web technique with the sensor network, which utilizes sensor ontology to describe sensor information. Annotating sensor data with different sensor ontologies can be of help to implement different sensor systems’ inter-operability, which requires that the sensor ontologies themselves are inter-operable. Therefore, it is necessary to match the sensor ontologies by establishing the meaningful links between semantically related sensor information. Since the Swarm Intelligent Algorithm (SIA) represents a good methodology for addressing the ontology matching problem, we investigate a popular SIA, that is, the Firefly Algorithm (FA), to optimize the ontology alignment. To save the memory consumption and better trade off the algorithm’s exploitation and exploration, in this work, we propose a general-purpose ontology matching technique based on Compact co-Firefly Algorithm (CcFA), which combines the compact encoding mechanism with the co-Evolutionary mechanism. Our proposal utilizes the Gray code to encode the solutions, two compact operators to respectively implement the exploiting strategy and exploring strategy, and two Probability Vectors (PVs) to represent the swarms that respectively focuses on the exploitation and exploration. Through the communications between two swarms in each generation, CcFA is able to efficiently improve the searching efficiency when addressing the sensor ontology matching problem. The experiment utilizes the Conference track and three pairs of real sensor ontologies to test our proposal’s performance. The statistical results show that CcFA based ontology matching technique can effectively match the sensor ontologies and other general ontologies in the domain of organizing conferences.
A New Model for Predicting Rate of Penetration Using an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Elkatatny Salaheldin , Al-AbdulJabbar Ahmed , Abdelgawad Khaled
Published: April 2020

The drilling rate of penetration (ROP) is defined as the speed of drilling through rock under the bit. ROP is affected by different interconnected factors, which makes it very difficult to infer the mutual effect of each individual parameter. A robust ROP is required to understand the complexity of the drilling process. Therefore, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used to predict ROP and capture the effect of the changes in the drilling parameters. Field data (4525 points) from three vertical onshore wells drilled in the same formation using the same conventional bottom hole assembly were used to train, test, and validate the ANN model. Data from Well A (1528 points) were utilized to train and test the model with a 70/30 data ratio. Data from Well B and Well C were used to test the model. An empirical equation was derived based on the weights and biases of the optimized ANN model and compared with four ROP models using the data set of Well C. The developed ANN model accurately predicted the ROP with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.94 and an average absolute percentage error (AAPE) of 8.6%. The developed ANN model outperformed four existing models with the lowest AAPE and highest R value.
A Novel Blockchain Framework for Industrial IoT Edge Computing
Authors: Xu Xuesong , Zeng Zhi , Yang Shengjie , Shao Hongyan
Published: April 2020

With the rapid development of industrial internet of thing (IIoT), the distributed topology of IIoT and resource constraints of edge computing conduct new challenges to traditional data storage, transmission, and security protection. A distributed trust and allocated ledger of blockchain technology are suitable for the distributed IIoT, which also becomes an effective method for edge computing applications. This paper proposes a resource constrained Layered Lightweight Blockchain Framework (LLBF) and implementation mechanism. The framework consists of a resource constrained layer (RCL) and a resource extended layer (REL) blockchain used in IIoT. We redesign the block structure and size to suit to IIoT edge computing devices. A lightweight consensus algorithm and a dynamic trust right algorithm is developed to improve the throughput of blockchain and reduce the number of transactions validated in new blocks respectively. Through a high throughput management to guarantee the transaction load balance of blockchain. Finally, we conducted kinds of blockchain simulation and performance experiments, the outcome indicated that the method have a good performance in IIoT edge application.
Aerial Laser Scanning Data as a Source of Terrain Modeling in a Fluvial Environment: Biasing Factors of Terrain Height Accuracy
Authors: Szabó Zsuzsanna , Tóth Csaba Albert , Holb Imre , Szabó Szilárd
Published: April 2020

Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanning is a commonly used technology for representing the topographic terrain. As LiDAR point clouds include all surface features present in the terrain, one of the key elements for generating a digital terrain model (DTM) is the separation of the ground points. In this study, we intended to reveal the efficiency of different denoising approaches and an easy-to-use ground point classification technique in a floodplain with fluvial forms. We analyzed a point cloud from the perspective of the efficiency of noise reduction, parametrizing a ground point classifier (cloth simulation filter, CSF), interpolation methods and resolutions. Noise filtering resulted a wide range of point numbers in the models, and the number of points had moderate correlation with the mean accuracies (r = −0.65, p < 0.05), indicating that greater numbers of points had larger errors. The smallest differences belonged to the neighborhood-based noise filtering and the larger cloth size (5) and the smaller threshold value (0.2). The most accurate model was generated with the natural neighbor interpolation with the cloth size of 5 and the threshold of 0.2. These results can serve as a guide for researchers using point clouds when considering the steps of data preparation, classification, or interpolation in a flat terrain.
An Improved Method for Road Extraction from High-Resolution Remote-Sensing Images that Enhances Boundary Information
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yang Hui , Wu Qiangqiang , Zheng Zhiteng , Wu Yanlan , Li Junli
Published: April 2020

At present, deep-learning methods have been widely used in road extraction from remote-sensing images and have effectively improved the accuracy of road extraction. However, these methods are still affected by the loss of spatial features and the lack of global context information. To solve these problems, we propose a new network for road extraction, the coord-dense-global (CDG) model, built on three parts: a coordconv module by putting coordinate information into feature maps aimed at reducing the loss of spatial information and strengthening road boundaries, an improved dense convolutional network (DenseNet) that could make full use of multiple features through own dense blocks, and a global attention module designed to highlight high-level information and improve category classification by using pooling operation to introduce global information. When tested on a complex road dataset from Massachusetts, USA, CDG achieved clearly superior performance to contemporary networks such as DeepLabV3+, U-net, and D-LinkNet. For example, its mean IoU (intersection of the prediction and ground truth regions over their union) and mean F1 score (evaluation metric for the harmonic mean of the precision and recall metrics) were 61.90% and 76.10%, respectively, which were 1.19% and 0.95% higher than the results of D-LinkNet (the winner of a road-extraction contest). In addition, CDG was also superior to the other three models in solving the problem of tree occlusion. Finally, in universality research with the Gaofen-2 satellite dataset, the CDG model also performed well at extracting the road network in the test maps of Hefei and Tianjin, China.
The Role of ‘Influencers’ as Drivers of a More Sustainable Urban Freight Sector
Authors: Brettmo Alena , Williamsson Jon
Published: April 2020

The importance of stakeholders in the development of a sustainable urban freight sector has been highlighted in recent research. Not all stakeholders have a direct link to the supply chain, but they may still play a role in creating sustainable urban freight initiatives. This study explores the initiatives that norm-setting indirect stakeholders in urban freight, referred to as ‘influencers’, establish to support a more sustainable urban freight sector, and how those initiatives may impact the business models of carriers. The study uses data gathered for ongoing research into the roles of indirect stakeholders in the development of sustainable urban freight initiatives. The results indicate that influencers can put pressure on receivers regarding logistical issues and shape the physical environment in which deliveries are conducted. Influencers use three primary strategies to support sustainable urban freight: vehicle-focused measures, consolidation linked to physical infrastructure, and consolidation through behavioural changes. These initiatives impact the relationship between receivers and carriers and may push carriers to adopt more sustainable practices as well as take decisions that impact their business models. The results highlight the often-overlooked power of influencers in relation to the development of actor behaviour in the urban freight supply chain and show the potential for both conflict and change arising from the use of this power.
High-Growth Aspirations of Entrepreneurs in Latin America: Do Alliances Matter?
Authors: Puente Castro Raquel , Mora Mora Jose U. , Pereira Laverde Fernando
Published: April 2020

This study considers how the formation and implementation strategies of a Latin America alliance between four of the best economic performance countries in the region have impacted the quality of entrepreneurship in these countries. To this end, we studied the Pacific Alliance (PA) and employed an ordered probit model with sample selection bias and statistical information from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database for the 2012–2017 period. As a dependent variable, we used the growth aspiration of entrepreneurs as a proxy to measure the future growth of the company, from which a possible economic impact could be inferred. The evidence shows that during the implementation period of the PA, there is a positive impact on entrepreneur growth aspirations in member countries; the likelihood that entrepreneurs have high-growth aspirations is found to be greater during and after the implementation period than before the signing of the PA. Likewise, it was found that motivation, gender, education, skills, innovation (as perceived by the entrepreneur), export level, two pillars of the global competitiveness index (GCI), and the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate explain the growth aspirations of entrepreneurs in the member countries during the period under study.
Comparison of Strain Effect between Aluminum and Palladium Gated MOS Quantum Dot Systems
Authors: Mooy Brian Chi Ho , Tan Kuan Yen , Lai Nai Shyan
Published: April 2020

As nano-scale metal-oxide-semiconductor devices are cooled to temperatures below 1 K, detrimental effects due to unintentional dots become apparent. The reproducibility of the location of these unintentional dots suggests that there are other mechanisms in play, such as mechanical strains in the semiconductor introduced by metallic gates. Here, we investigate the formation of strain-induced dots on aluminum and palladium gated metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) quantum devices using COMSOL Multiphysics. Simulation results show that the strain effect on the electrochemical potential of the system can be minimized by replacing aluminum with palladium as the gate material and increasing the thickness of the gate oxide.
Kondisi Potensi Wisata di Ekowisata Sungai Mudal Kabupaten Kulon Progo
Authors: Irsyad Muhammad
Published: April 2020

This article basically has three objectives, knowing the tourism potential on Mudal River Ecotourism, knowing the stages and factors that influence tourism development and recommending tourism development efforts. To achieve these objectives the method used is descriptive qualitative by analyzing the data using weighting and scoring. The results of the study indicate that the existing tourism potential is amenity, accessibility, attractions and institutional support. The four potentials are in the 3rd phase including consolidation. The development effort that can be taken is to maximize land use without damaging the environment by taking into account the number of tourists; organize public transportation; planning management in the future; expand market segmentation and product diversification; improve the quality of human resources; actively involve local communities, align policy with the community and control the environment.
Сучасний стан нормативно-правового забезпечення працівників фінансових установ в Україні
Authors: Киризлієв О.
Published: April 2020

В статті визначено, що в сфері діяльності фінансових установ існує велика кількість правових актів, які регулюють правовідносини пов’язані із діяльністю працівників фінансових установ, а конкретизованих норм, які б встановлювали працівників фінансових установ як особливу категорію працівників не має. Зроблено висновок, про необхідність прийняття акта, який здійснив регулювання особливостей діяльності працівників фінансових установ, а також систематизував та впорядкував норм, які в тій чи іншій мірі стосуються працівників фінансових установ.
Уманщина в 1918 – 1919 гг.: война, настроения, жизненная стойкость: Uman district in 1918 – 1919: the war, the mood, the resilience
Authors: Podadskii Anton
Published: April 2020

The article combines the quality of analytical and documentary materials. It is based on the meaningful memories of the witness of the events of the civil war in 1918 – 1919 in the Uman district of the Kiev province. The view of the non-politicized witness and participant is of particular value. The correction of the proposed point of view is carried out with the help of comments, which use both published and unpublished sources.
Мотивы включения студентов Софийского университета в волонтерские деятельности
Authors: Yaneva Anzhelina , Prokopov Emil
Published: April 2020

The paper explores the motives of students included and not included in volunteer activities. An online anonymous survey was conducted among sports students at Sofia Uni-versity, with questions allowing open and closed answers. The article presents students' atti-tudes and motivations to engage in volunteer activities. The results of the survey highlight the issues that need to be addressed to sportspeople, changing their attitudes towards sports and volunteer activities in sports.
Формирование основ межкультурной компетенции у детей как ресурс реализации задач инклюзивного образования
Authors: Grimovskaya Ludmila
Published: April 2020

На современном этапе общественного развития усиливается внимание педагогов к созданию условий по формированию у взрослеющего человека готовности к успешной жизни и деятельности в многокультурном окружении. В новых условиях культурного многообразия мирового сообщества особое значение приобретает поиск путей формирования межкультурной компетенции, понимания равноценности всех культурных групп, уважительного отношения к любым различиям у детей дошкольного возраста. Решение данной проблемы играет важную роль в аспекте инклюзивного образования, предполагающего совместное обучение и воспитание всех детей с учетом разнообразия образовательных потребностей. В связи со сказанным актуальность поиска путей формирования межкультурной компетенции как ресурса реализации инклюзивной практики на первом уровне общего образования не вызывает сомнения. Исследование показало, что условиями формирования основ межкультурной компетенции в дошкольном возрасте является проведение поэтапной диагностики уровня межкультурной компетенции личности, определение содержания, раскрывающего многообразие культур; акцент на продуктивных способах присвоения информации; использование технологий, предполагающих включение детей в разные виды деятельности, помогающие приобрести и развить опыт взаимодействия с представителями разных культурных групп.
Психологические особенности личностного и профессионального самоопределения учащихся в условиях инклюзивного образования
Authors: Mitin George
Published: April 2020

В статье представлен психологический анализ феномена профессио-нального самоопределения как новообразования личности, формирующегося в образовательном процессе. Показана необходимость разработки и реализации специальных программ личностного и профессионального самоопределения учащихся с ОВЗ в условиях полисубъектного взаимодействия.
‘Formation of skills for independent life’ a training program for students preparing them to work with children at risk
Authors: Petkova Iskra
Published: April 2020

A training program, ‘Formation of skills for independent life while working with children at risk’ is presented in the paper. It is intended for students of Social Activities, a field of study. Objectives and tasks are defined in the articles, and the basic knowledge and skills that students receive during the process of training under this program are specified. The content of the program is presented in two parts. Part one covers methodological principles applied in formation of skills for independent life. Three main stages to be mastered by the students in the training process within the stage of forming skills for independent life in children from risk groups are elaborated. Part two of the program covers five sections for mastering individual and group techniques of a practical and applied nature; its content is included in Trainer’s Manual.
Przeciwdziałanie wykluczeniu społecznemu osób niepełnosprawnych na przykładzie działań w województwie świętokrzyskim
Authors: Babiarz Mirosław , Garbuzik Paweł
Published: April 2020

Osoby niepełnosprawne pomimo swoich dysfunkcji mają prawo do samodzielnego i aktywnego życia i nie mogą podlegać dyskryminacji. Działania mające na celu inkluzje i wspieranie osób narażonych na ryzyko wykluczenia społecznego, w tym w szczególności osób niepełnosprawnych, systematycznie zyskują coraz większe znaczenie celem zapewnienia samodzielności i czynnego uczestnictwa w życiu społecznymi zawodowym. Dlatego też artykuł jest próbą analizy systemu wsparcia i przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu społecznemu osób niepełnosprawnych w województwie świętokrzyskim i efektów płynących z działań w tym zakresie.
Дидактическая сказка в подготовке будущих учителей начальной школы
Authors: Strilec Svetlana , Grenok Marina
Published: April 2020

В статье рассмотрена проблема подготовки будущих учителей начальной школы к созданию дидактических сказок в условиях новой украинской школы.  Акцентируется внимание на том, что подготовленный учитель может создавать дидактические сказки, которые заинтересуют учащихся и будут способствовать эффективному усвоению знаний. Предложен один из вариантов этапов создания дидактической сказки, представлены оптимальные методы и приемы создания дидактической сказки, адаптированые для подготовки учителей начальных классов. Осуществлена экспериментальная проверка эффективности подготовки будущих учителей начальных классов к созданию дидактических сказок.
Muzikoterapia hudba ako rapeuticky prostriedok
Authors: Akimjak Amantius
Published: April 2020

Výchovno-vzdelávací proces prešiel v 20. storočí zásadnými zmenami a vývojom. Už pri letmom pohľade na množstvo alternatív didaktických postu-pov a vyučovacích metód vidíme, že žiaden akokoľvek prepracovaný a dokonalý systém nie je univerzálny a jedine správny. Hudba a predmet hudobná náuka je pre žiaka v mladšom školskom veku predovšetkým hrou, v ktorej môže uplatňovať svoj poznávací a objaviteľský inštinkt. Vyjadruje ňou svoje pocity, zážitky, svoj vnútorný svet a spätne hudba obohacuje jeho osobnosť. Pomáha mu vytvárať životnú energiu a pocit radosti. Hudobné hry sú preto veľmi odporúčanou činnosťou. Môžeme ich realizovať v akejkoľvek etape vy-učovacej hodiny i v rámci všetkých hudobných činností.
Tractriz: uma abordagem na perspectiva da Geometria dos Rastros
Authors: Bavaresco Delair , Veit Leonardo Consorte , Stroschein Sandra Denise
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho apresenta discussões sobre a Tractriz, um caso particular do conjunto de curvas de perseguição. A Tractriz é a curva que decorre do movimento de um bloco sendo puxado por meio de uma corda de comprimento constante. Essa corda, inicialmente posicionada na vertical, quando deslocada sua extremidade oposta ao bloco, na direção horizontal, o caminho descrito pelo bloco será a curva de perseguição Tractriz. A curva descrita pelo caminho desse bloco pode ser observada em diversas situações cotidianas, tais como o simples passeio com um cão, até em rastros de carros, possuindo aplicações tais como a fabricação de trompetes. Com o objetivo de ampliar as discussões sobre as curvas de perseguição, em especial da Tractriz, apresentamos aqui a obtenção da equação característica dessa curva e a verificação de seu comportamento por meio de uma atividade experimental realizada com uma bicicleta. Diante disso discutimos uma possível variação da curva de perseguição descrita pela roda traseira de uma bicicleta, a partir da variação do ângulo de giro do guidom, bem como possíveis aplicações para sistemas de estacionamentos e sua representação em fenômenos naturais.
Automating Software Development using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Nagulapati Venkatasaideep , Rapelli Sai Rohit , Fiaidhi Jinan
Published: April 2020

A paper exploring one of the applications of Artificial Intelligence in the field of Software Development
DESVENDANDO OS INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS: IDENTIDADE E OBJETIVOS
Authors: Pacheco Eliezer
Published: April 2020

A Educação necessita estar vinculada aos objetivos estratégicos de um projeto que busque não apenas a inclusão nesta sociedade desigual, mas também a construção de uma nova sociedade fundada 

na igualdade política, econômica e social. Esta sociedade em construção exige uma escola ligada ao mundo do trabalho numa perspectiva radicalmente democrática e de justiça social.
Al-Rasm al-'Uthmānī fī al-Muṣḥaf al-mi‘yārī al-Indūnīsī ‘inda al-Dānī wa Abī Dāwud
Authors: Madzkur Zainal Arifin
Published: April 2020

This article aims to find a scientific argument for the differences in rasm ‘Uthmānī between Indonesian’s muṣḥaf and Madinah’s muṣḥaf. Some people claim that rasm ‘Uthmānī of the Madinah’s muṣḥaf is the most proper compared to the Indonesian’s muṣḥaf. Through the comparison of the differences in both muṣḥafs based on the two books of al-Muqni‘ by al-Dānī and Mukhtaṣar al-tabyīn by Abū Dāwud Sulaymān, both have basics of similarity. The difference in the writing of rasm ‘Uthmānī in the Indonesian’s muṣḥaf and the Madinah’s muṣḥaf in general only lies in the difference in their affiliation in the two major schools in this discipline that were written in the 5th century Hijri by al-Dānī and Abū Dāwud. This article proves that differences in rasm ‘Uthmānī are common in terms of transmission, and the claim that the rasm of Madinah’s muṣḥaf is the most correct of rasm ‘Uthmānī is a mistake.
Konwergencja beta, sigma i gamma krajów postsocjalistycznych do Europy Zachodniej
Authors: Próchniak Mariusz
Published: April 2020

The study aims to verify the existence of convergence of 28 European Union (EU) members and 16 non-EU post-socialist countries. The analysis covers the 1995–2018 period. The research has also been conducted for shorter subperiods: 1995–2004, 2004–2018, and 2010–2018. Three types of convergence are taken into account: beta (less developed countries exhibit a faster rate of economic growth than more developed ones), sigma (income differentiation decreases over time), and gamma (countries change their ranks in the GDP per capita ranking). The study confirms the existence of β-, σ-, and γ-convergence in both groups of countries. Convergence, however, is not an automatic phenomenon and there are years in which σ-divergence and γ-divergence were observed.
Stosunek Polaków do transformacji ustrojowej: główne postawy oraz ich uwarunkowania w obliczu 30. rocznicy upadku komunizmu
Authors: Tatarenko Agata
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the attitude of Poles towards the political transformation in 1989, based on opinion poll surveys, mainly those carried
out by the Centre for Public Opinion Research (CBOS) over the last 25 years
and focusing on those from 2014–2019. The author presents the conditions in which the opinions about the political transformation were shaped, as well as the factors that influenced this process. Next, she analyzes factors impacting the Polish society’s attitude towards the transformation. The article refers to the public discourse about the past, including the education and media coverage.
Плинність партійних систему посткомуністичних країнах (1992−2019)
Authors: Lebediuk Witalij
Published: April 2020

The paper offers a thorough analysis of the main types of party systems and their changes in the post-Soviet countries between 1992 and 2019. The evolution of the main criteria concerning the party systems classification has been analyzed. We use a database of all parliamentary elections which took place in the post-communist countries since 1992. This article concludes that the majority of party systems of the post-Soviet countries are not stable and suffering permanent changes. On this basis, 16 party systems that continue to exist in the post-communist countries from 1992 to 2019 are almost half-assigned to the predominant party types. Our findings indicate that Kyrgyzstan and Moldova have moved from a predominant party type to a multiparty type. Russia, Armenia, and Ukraine have changed their party systems from a multiparty type to a predominant party type. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan remain in the predominant party system since the first elections. Slovakia, the Czech Republic and the Baltic countries have remained in the multiparty types since the first elections.
Transformacja polityczna w Rosji w latach 90. XX wieku – główne problemy
Authors: Świder Konrad
Published: April 2020

In december 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed. This fact can be considered to be the most significant geopolitical event of the second half of the 20th century. As a result of the collapse of the USSR, fifteen union republics – the main units of the administrative-political and national division of the Soviet federation – gained state sovereignty and independence. One of the most important results of this process was the creation of Russia (Russian Federation), which declared itself and was recognized as the main successor of the Soviet empire. The young state faced many difficulties, which – at the level of internal policy – include carrying out socio-political-economic transformation, overcoming the deep structural crisis inherited from the late USSR, or building modern durable democratic institutions and democratic political culture. This meant that the new Russian elites needed to make a radical system change and to develop new political mechanisms in the management of this enormous country. The article will present the main problems faced by Russia and its establishment in the 1990s, with many turning points and breakthrough moments, specific to countries undergoing intensive and multifaceted post-communist transformation. Due to the importance and the role of Russia in the international system, the directions and tendencies of changes taking place in this country are particularly important, especially from the perspective of post-Soviet states and the countries of the former socialist block.
Remote Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Patients with Perivascular Epithelial Cell Tumors
Authors: Nazarenko A. V. , Musaev E. R. , Medvedev S. V. , Tkachev S. I. , Aliyeva S. B. , Ivanov S. M. , Romanov D. S. , Sofronov D. I. , Zaspa O. A. , Boldyreva V. A. , Fedoseenko D. I. , Grishina I. I. , Bulaeva O. V.
Published: April 2020

The main method of treating rare mesenchymal tumors PEComas is surgical removal of the tumor and external-beam radiation therapy has historically been considered ineffective. However, the individual cases in the foreign literature as well as this article authors’ experience in the form of the clinical case provided in it shows the possibility of achieving some anti-tumor effect due to the use of aggressive variants of radiation therapy. The use of variations of stereotactic radiotherapy with high dose per fraction and sum dose as an neoadjuvant and definitive treatment looks promising.
O desenvolvimento territorial:
Authors: Pecqueur Bernard
Published: April 2020

O autor, Bernard Pecqueur, um teórico francês do desenvolvimento local, opõe duas concepções do território: de um lado o território “dado”, sem valor acrescentado, ou mesmo com fatores de constrangimento e de limitações e, de outro lado, o território construído, produto de um processo de melhoria, fruto do jogo dos atores. Conseqüentemente, o desafio das estratégias de desenvolvimento dos territórios é essencialmente identificar e valorizar o potencial de um território. Trata-se de transformar recursos em ativos, através de um processo de mobilização e arranjos dos atores, freqüentemente em torno de um problema inédito. A própria formulação do problema e a procura da sua solução são marcadas por ensaios e iterações sucessivas, entre erros e sucessos. Permitem fazer emergir e mobilizar novas capacidades, de fato, revelar “recursos escondidos”. Estes processos concretizam-se por “clusters” (agrupamentos geográficos de entidades interconectadas) onde a multiplicidade das instâncias e dos atores traduz uma “policentralidade” das formas de regulação. O autor sublinha que as formas de desenvolvimento territorial são diversas e específicas às situações, mas que exigem uma ação pública adequada. O desenvolvimento territorial não pode ser objeto de um decreto; é uma construção de atores, mesmo se políticas públicas adequadas podem estimular e mobilizar estes atores.
Menthyl esterification allows chiral resolution for synthesis of artificial glutamate analogs
Authors: Morokuma Kenji , Tsukamoto Shuntaro , Miyako Kei , Sakai Ryuichi , Irie Raku , Oikawa Masato
Published: April 2020

Herein we report enantiospecific synthesis of two artificial glutamate analogs designed based on IKM–159, an antagonist selective to AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptor. The synthesis features chiral resolution of the carboxylic acid intermediate by esterification with L–menthol, followed by configurational analysis by NMR, conformational calculation, and X–ray crystallography. Mice in vivo assay showed that (2R)–MC–27 with six-membered oxacycle is neuroactive, whereas the (2S)–counterpart is inactive. It was also found that the TKM–38 with eight-membered azacycle is neuronally inactive to suggest the possibility that the analog with a smaller five-membered azacycle may act as a potent agent.
The Viability of Long-Haul, Low Cost Business Models
Authors: Emboaba Moreira Mauricio , O’Connell John , Williams George
Published: April 2020

Recent events have confirmed the concerns that many within the aviation industry have held about the viability of the low cost business model for long-haul operations. This paper begins by reviewing the operating cost differences between low cost carriers (LCC) and legacy airlines in different regions of the world. This is followed by a summary of the various cost advantages of low cost carriers operating in short-haul markets. The main focus of the work, however, is a cost simulation involving the use of a Boeing 767-300 by both a LCC and a legacy carrier under varying operating assumptions. The research demonstrates that in none of the cases cited is the LCC cost advantage greater than 10%.
AIR TRANSPORTATION POLICY FOR SMALL COMMUNITIES: LESSONS FROM THE U.S. EXPERIENCE
Authors: Metrass-Mendes Alda , De Neufville Richard
Published: April 2020

The last decades have witnessed a global trend toward airline deregulation, which has significant impacts on national policies regarding air accessibility to smaller communities. One important result of this liberalisation is that carriers are no longer constrained to serve routes, and may thus neglect service to less profitable destinations with lower traffic. Economic deregulation can therefore have detrimental effects on smaller communities. The United States has dealt with this issue through its Essential Air Service program. Its experience suggests lessons for other countries. U.S. policies have been reasonably successful in sustaining basic air service to smaller communities over the past thirty years of deregulation. Moreover, they have done so relatively effectively and efficiently. A large-scale analysis of the U.S. experience, and three case studies of the communities of Columbia and Jefferson City (Missouri), Rutland (Vermont), and Merced (California) demonstrate this phenomenon. The results show overall gains in efficiency, mostly attributable to the US policy of encouraging competition between air carriers seeking to provide service to small communities. The major flaw in the U.S. arrangements seems to be that the policies have not kept up with changing conditions since deregulation in 1978.
AIR FREIGHT AND MERCHANDISE TRADE: TOWARDS A DISAGGREGATED ANALYSIS
Authors: Kupfer Franziska , Meersman Hilde , Onghena Evy , Van de Voorde Eddy
Published: April 2020

During the past 30 years, air cargo has evolved from a by-product to a potential profit centre for airlines. However, the success in the air cargo business depends on a number of factors. The evolution of world merchandise trade and particularly, the trade in high-value goods, is one of the determinants of the demand for air freight services. This paper provides an insight into the relationship between air cargo and merchandise trade on an aggregated as well as on a disaggregated level. Special attention is paid to the air cargo flows between major regions. By combining several levels of the air cargo market, this paper explains part of the economic rationality behind the air cargo market structure. The results of this paper will lead to a better knowledge of the air cargo sector, not only by academics but also by industry actors.
INFLUENCE OF AIRLINES’ ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES ON PASSENGERS
Authors: Wittmer Andreas , Wegelin Linda
Published: April 2020

This paper discusses the question whether passengers are fully aware of the efforts taken by airlines to protect the environment and if this knowledge in turn influences potential customers in choosing a certain airline. The topic is analysed by taking the case of Swiss International Air Lines (SWISS) passengers at Zurich Airport. It was found that these efforts are not apparent to passengers. However, passengers are interested in an airline’s environmental responsibility. It was also found that the airline’s action is appealing to customers. Nevertheless, price plays an important role for passengers when choosing an airline even in the case of it being more environmentally-aware. Furthermore, there is a relation between the environmental activities of an airline and the brand image. The brand of the airline is strengthened if it is engaged in environmental activities and communicates them efficiently to passengers.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE UNITED STATES AIRLINE PILOT LABOUR SUPPLY
Authors: Lutte Rebecca
Published: April 2020

Over the next 20 years, the United States airline industry is expected to hire in excess of 95,000 pilots. This hiring will be the result of new aircraft growth, pilot retirements, and pilot attrition from the industry for reasons other than retirement. In addition, government regulations may also cause an increase in the number of new pilots required. Given this increased demand, will there be enough new pilots to ensure a long-term and continuous supply? The purpose of this research is to examine the supply and demand for US airline pilots. Several new considerations are having an impact on future supply and demand of airline pilots including cost of training, growth, retirement, regulatory changes, and slowing supply of military pilots. The methodology provides an empirical analysis of the pilot labor supply in the US. A multivariate regression model was developed to forecast demand. To explore supply, a variety of data sources have been included and a survey was implemented. The results of the study indicate that the US airline industry will experience a shortage of approximately 35,000 pilots for the 2013 to 2031 time period. The impact of the shortage on regional and major airlines is examined. Possible solutions are discussed.
A HIGH-FIDELITY ARTIFICIAL AIRPORT ENVIRONMENT FOR SESAR APOC VALIDATION EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Piekert Florian , Carstengerdes Nils , Schier Sebastian , Suikat Reiner , Marsden Alan
Published: April 2020

Europe’s SESAR Program develops a wide range of solutions to increase the performance of the Air Traffic System. At airport level, the Airport Operations Center (APOC) is expected to provide the most benefit in adverse weather conditions, being the ultimate communication platform to pursue the Total Airport Management (TAM) Collaborative Decision Making Process. It will increase mutual and common situation awareness and allows the joint definition and implementation of the operational strategy. The assessment of APOC benefits in a live airport environment is rather limited and requires implementation and “right” weather and traffic situations. This work argues for validation trials in high fidelity artificial airport environments as a more reliable and less costly alternative which allows comparison between operations before and after implementation of new solutions. Based on requirements provided by SESAR concept documentation and from live operations this work presents an approach for such a high fidelity artificial environment.
SUPPORTING AIR TRANSPORT POLICIES USING BIG DATA ANALYTICS: A DESCRIPTIVE APPROACH BASED EMERGING TREND ANALYSIS
Authors: Park Jin-seo
Published: April 2020

Qualitative research methods based on literature review or expert judgement have been used to find core issues, analyze emerging trends and discover promising areas for the future. Deriving results from large amounts of information under this approach is both costly and time consuming. Besides, there is a risk that the results may be influenced by the subjective opinion of experts. In order to make up for such weaknesses, the analysis paradigm for choosing future emerging trend is undergoing a shift toward mplementing qualitative research methods along with quantitative research methods like text mining in a mutually complementary manner. The hange used to implement recent studies is being witnessed in various areas such as the steel industry, the information and communications technology industry, the construction industry in architectural engineering and so on. This study focused on retrieving aviation-related core issues and the promising areas for the future from research papers pertaining to overall aviation areas through text mining method, which is one of the big data analysis techniques. This study has limitations in that its analysis for retrieving the aviation-related core issues and promising fields was restricted to research papers containing the keyword "aviation." However, it has significance in that it prepared a quantitative analysis model for continuously monitoring the derived core issues and emerging trends regarding the promising areas for the future in the aviation industry through the application of a big data-based descriptive approach.
TELADAN PENDERITAAN TUHAN YESUS BERDASARKAN MATIUS 27: 32-44
Authors: Oet Supriadi
Published: April 2020

Suffering is the part that follows human life. Suffering comes in different forms and is felt differently by each human being. Jesus Christ himself suffered. So believers need not be surprised if they experience suffering. But behind Jesus' suffering there are important principles that we can emulate. Therefore through this writing, we try to provide an understanding of the example of suffering from the Lord Jesus.
The First Light Curve Modeling and Orbital Period Change Investigation of Nine Contact Binaries around the Short-period Cutoff
Authors: Li Kai , Kim Chun-Hwey , Xia Qi-Qi , Michel Raul , Hu Shao-Ming , Gao Xing , Guo Di-Fu , Chen Xu
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we present the first light curve synthesis and orbital period change analysis of nine contact binaries around the short-period limit. It is found that all these systems are W-subtype contact binaries. One of them is a medium contact system while the others are shallow contact ones. Four of them manifest obvious O’Connell effect explained by a dark spot or hot spot on one of the component stars. Third light was detected in three systems. By investigating orbital period variations, we found that four of the targets display a secular period decrease while the others exhibit a long-term period increase. The secular period decrease is more likely caused by angular-momentum loss while the long-term period increase is due to mass transfer from the less massive component to the more massive one. Based on the statistic of 19 ultrashort-period contact binaries with known orbital period changes, we found that seven of them display long-term decrease (three of them also exhibit cyclic variations), ten of them manifest long-term increase while two of them only show cyclic variation, and that most of them are shallow contact binaries supporting the long timescale angular-momentum loss theory suggested by Stepien. For the three deep contact systems, we found that they are probably triple systems. The tertiary companion plays an essential role during their formation and evolution.
Is the High-Resolution Coronal Imager Resolving Coronal Strands? Results from AR 12712
Authors: Williams Thomas , Walsh Robert W. , Winebarger Amy R. , Brooks David H. , Cirtain Jonathan W. , De Pontieu Bart , Golub Leon , Kobayashi Ken , McKenzie David E. , Morton Richard J. , Peter Hardi , Rachmeler Laurel A. , Savage Sabrina L. , Testa Paola , Tiwari Sanjiv K. , Warren Harry P. , Watkinson Benjamin J.
Published: April 2020

Following the success of the first mission, the High-Resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) was launched for a third time (Hi-C 2.1) on 2018 May 29 from the White Sands Missile Range, NM, USA. On this occasion, 329 s of 17.2 nm data of target active region AR 12712 were captured with a cadence of ≈4 s, and a plate scale of 0.″129 pixel−1. Using data captured by Hi-C 2.1 and co-aligned observations from SDO/AIA 17.1 nm, we investigate the widths of 49 coronal strands. We search for evidence of substructure within the strands that is not detected by AIA, and further consider whether these strands are fully resolved by Hi-C 2.1. With the aid of multi-scale Gaussian normalization, strands from a region of low emission that can only be visualized against the contrast of the darker, underlying moss are studied. A comparison is made between these low-emission strands and those from regions of higher emission within the target active region. It is found that Hi-C 2.1 can resolve individual strands as small as ≈202 km, though the more typical strand widths seen are ≈513 km. For coronal strands within the region of low emission, the most likely width is significantly narrower than the high-emission strands at ≈388 km. This places the low-emission coronal strands beneath the resolving capabilities of SDO/AIA, highlighting the need for a permanent solar observatory with the resolving power of Hi-C.
Prospects for Directly Imaging Young Giant Planets at Optical Wavelengths
Authors: Lacy Brianna , Burrows Adam
Published: April 2020

In this work, we investigate the properties of young giant planet spectra in the optical and suggest that future space-based direct imaging missions should be considering young planets as a valuable and informative science case. While young planets are dimmer in the optical than in the infrared, they can still be brighter in the optical than a mature planet of similar mass. Therefore, an instrument designed to characterize mature planets should also be suitable for high-precision photometric imaging and spectroscopy of young self-luminous planets in a wavelength range and at a contrast ratio not currently attainable from the ground. We identify known young self-luminous companions that are feasible targets for coronagraphic instrument on the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST-CGI) and compute spectra for them, including a treatment of scattering and reflected light at optical wavelengths. Using these results, we highlight potentially diagnostic spectral features that will be present in the WFIRST-CGI wavelengths. Expanding to direct imaging missions beyond WFIRST-CGI, we also use evolutionary models across a grid of masses and planet–star separations as inputs to compute spectra of hypothetical objects, exploring when reflected light may contribute to a degree comparable to that of thermal emission from the residual heat of formation.