bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eschatologia w pismach św. Faustyny
Authors: Pochwat Józef
Published: July 2021

Siostra Faustyna – Helena Kowalska (1905–1938), Sekretarka Bożego Miłosierdzia, odkryła bogactwo tajemnicy eschatologicznej, ukazując niebo, czyściec, piekło, a także perspektywę paruzji i bogactwo obcowania świętych. Prawdy te niezmiennie głoszone przez wieki w Kościele katolickim. Faustyna nie tylko mocno w nie wierzyła, ale i doświadczała tych rzeczywistości. Jej świadectwo ma ogromne znaczenie dla wszystkich, zarówno wierzących, jak i ludzi, którzy do wiary w Chrystusa, głoszonej w Kościele, się nie przyznają. Święta przeżywała i doświadczała miłość Bożą, która ma głębokie odzwierciedlenie w rzeczach ostatecznych człowieka. Czymś zatem naturalnym było jej przeżywanie obecności Jezusa Chrystusa, który był dla niej rzeczywistością realną, żywą, której doświadczała w całym swoim życiu.
Modern Theological Debates of Hell in the USA
Authors: Sadowski Sydney
Published: July 2021

Among the differing Christian denominations there are various viewpoints regarding hell. This article presents differing viewpoints of the theological questions concerning hell that have been debated over the last ten years (2010–2020) in the United States in the theological arena as well as the popular press. The positions of annihilationism, universalism, and the traditional viewpoint are be surveyed. The differing philosophical, theological and biblical are presented for each general category. The article strives to give a general overview of the various theologies and to show that such theological investigation is of urgent importance for Christians today.
A Virtual Ocean framework for environmentally adaptive, embedded acoustic navigation on autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors:   , Bhatt EeShan
Published: July 2021

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are an increasingly capable robotic platform, with embedded acoustic sensing to facilitate navigation, communication, and collaboration. The global positioning system (GPS), ubiquitous for air- and terrestrial-based drones, cannot position a submerged AUV. Current methods for acoustic underwater navigation employ a deterministic sound speed to convert recorded travel time into range. In acoustically complex propagation environments, however, accurate navigation is predicated on how the sound speed structure affects propagation. The Arctic’s Beaufort Gyre provides an excellent case study for this relationship via the Beaufort Lens, a recently observed influx of warm Pacific water that forms a widespread yet variable sound speed lens throughout the gyre. At short ranges, the lens intensifies multipath propagation and creates a dramatic shadow zone, deteriorating acoustic communication and navigation performance. The Arctic also poses the additional operational challenge of an ice-covered, GPSdenied environment. This dissertation demonstrates a framework for a physics-based, model-aided, real-time conversion of recorded travel time into range—the first of its kind—which was essential to the successful AUV deployment and recovery in the Beaufort Sea, in March 2020. There are three nominal steps. First, we investigate the spatio-temporal variability of the Beaufort Lens. Second, we design a human-in-the-loop graphical decision-making framework to encode desired sound speed profile information into a lightweight, digital acoustic message for onboard navigation and communication. Lastly, we embed a stochastic, ray-based prediction of the group velocity as a function of extrapolated source and receiver locations. This framework is further validated by transmissions among GPS-aided modem buoys and improved upon to rival GPS accuracy and surpass GPS precision. The Arctic is one of the most sensitive regions to climate change, and as warmer surface temperatures and shrinking sea ice extent continue to deviate from historical conditions, the region will become more accessible and navigable. Underwater robotic platforms to monitor these environmental changes, along with the inevitable rise in human traffic related to trade, fishing, tourism, and military activity, are paramount to coupling national security with international climate security.
Role of the cardiac extracellular matrix in the onset and progression of heart failure
Authors: Ilov N. N. , Arnaudova K. Sh. , Nechepurenko A. A. , Yasenyavskaya A. L. , Bashkina O. A. , Samotrueva M. A.
Published: July 2021

Any cardiovascular disease leads to heart failure (HF) — a complex clinical syndrome, the course of which is probably specified by the influence of cardiovascular factors on cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM).

The presented literature data indicate that the cardiac ECM is an important pathophysiological link in the onset and progression of HF. The morphological and electrical remodeling negatively affects the systolic and diastolic functions of the heart. Impaired myocardial blood delivery, cellular maladaptation, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias are additional mechanisms of the influence of myocardial fibrosis on HF course.

Understanding this role of ECM and the development of algorithms for verifying the individual status of ECM in cardiovascular patients can provide additional data on the course of HF, help to assess the risk of adverse cardiovascular events and effectively control the ongoing pharmacological and non-drug therapy.
Resolution of an online meeting of the Volga Federal District experts on the EMPEROR-Reduced trial “A new era in the treatment of patients with HF. From EMPA-REG OUTCOME to EMPEROR-Reduced trial”
Authors: Villevalde S. V. , Galyavich A. S. , Vinogradova N. G. , Volodina E. N. , Gaisin I. R. , Gilyarevsky S. R. , Grekhova L. V. , Guryanova Yu. A. , Guseva P. S. , Duplyakov D. V. , Ezhov A. V. , Zakirova N. E. , Zolotova Yu. V. , Isakov A. V. , Kanysheva S. V. , Kim Z. F. , Kuzmin V. P. , Markiyanova S. S. , Pomosov S. A. , Rebrov A. P. , Tarlovskaya E. I. , Tolstov S. N. , Fomin I. V. , Khasanov N. R. , Shutov A. M.
Published: July 2021

An online meeting of experts held on November 6, 2020 describes the results of EMPA-REG OUTCOME and EMPEROR-Reduced trials on sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin. We analyzed cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving empagliflozin. A number of proposals and recommendations have been adopted regarding the further study of the cardiovascular and renal effects of empagliflozin and its practical use in patients with heart failure, regardless of the T2D presence.
Psychosocial aspects in socioenvironmental disasters of geoclimatic origin: an integrative literature review
Authors: Carvalho Milena Maciel de , Oliveira Simone Santos
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Dentre os inúmeros atravessamentos que permeiam a conjuntura de um desastre, os aspectos psicossociais merecem destaque por incluírem questões culturais, sociais, estruturais, psíquicas, sanitárias e simbólicas. O objetivo desta revisão foi apresentar como esses aspectos têm sido explorados na literatura científica nos últimos 20 anos (1997-2016) por autores e periódicos de países da América do Sul, em contextos de desastre socioambiental de origem geoclimática. Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico nas bases eletrônicas Capes, SciELO, Latindex e Portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Levando-se em conta os critérios de inclusão e exclusão adotados nesta revisão, 52 publicações constituíram a amostra final. O levantamento revelou a predominância das temáticas ‘saúde mental’, ‘impactos psicossociais e na saúde’, ‘saúde pública’ e ‘gestão de riscos’. Os resultados evidenciaram a desigualdade social como fator potencializador de desastres e a ineficiência de políticas públicas no Brasil para a redução de riscos de desastres, bem como o predomínio de estudos que associam o apoio psicossocial a intervenções restritas ao campo da saúde mental. Como caso oposto, o artigo apresenta a construção da identidade e das políticas públicas chilenas em função dos terremotos ocorridos no País.
Role of Task Repetition and Content Familiarity in EFL Students’ Fluency and Accuracy in Narrative Tasks: A Case Study
Authors: Arredondo-Tapia Daniela Itzé , Garcia-Ponce Edgar Emmanuell
Published: July 2021

Developing writing skills has become a priority for many students in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts. To this end, classroom practices should be facilitative of opportunities to communicate accurately and fluently in written and oral forms. Drawing on evidence which suggests that task repetition allows students to perform subsequent tasks more efficiently and accurately, the study examines the likely effect of procedural repetition with four narrative tasks (i.e. narrating stories in written form after watching short animated videos) on five EFL students’ fluency and accuracy (AF). To do this, the levels of the students’ AF were measured during the performance of each task. Moreover, qualitative data from questionnaires administered to the students after each task were also included to better understand the behavior of the AF levels in relation to their perceptions of the task performance and the familiarity with the content of the tasks. The evidence shows that the students’ AF tended to progressively increase as weeks went by. The highest AF levels were found in the tasks where the content was familiar to the students. The opposite was observed when the students claimed not to be familiar with the content. The argument that we put forward in this article is that task (procedural) repetition may be beneficial for enhancing students’ AF in writing task performance; however, if this practice combines with the students’ lack of content familiarity, AF may engage in a dynamic interaction in which trade-off effects can be observed.
Previous studies have several limitations …: Indonesian Doctoral Students’, Indonesian Academics’, and International Authors’ Research Gap Strategies in ELT Research Article Abstracts and Introductions
Authors: Arianto M. Affandi , Saukah Ali , Basthomi Yazid , Wulyani Anik Nunuk
Published: July 2021

Presenting research gap(s) in a research article (RA), particularly in the abstract and introduction, should be considered by authors, since it functions to show the novelty of the research. As there have been limited studies on the possible variations in authors' research gap strategies and the problems in identifying research gaps, this mixed-method study aimed to fill the gaps. Using genre analysis, this study compared the use of research gap strategies in English Language Teaching (ELT) RA abstracts and introductions by three groups of authors, namely, Indonesian doctoral students, Indonesian academics, and international authors. The results of the quantitative analysis in this study indicated that the three groups share similarities and differences in using the types of research gap strategy in their ELT RA abstracts and introductions. Then, the qualitative analysis using semi-structured interviews with ten doctoral students revealed some problems encountered by them in identifying research gaps during research activities. Finally, this study demonstrates the extent to which our findings have theoretical and practical implications concerning the use of strategies in presenting research gaps in RAs.
Foreign and Bilingual Language Education in the UK and Spain: A Study of Similarities and Differences
Authors: Palacios-Hidalgo Francisco Javier , Huertas-Abril Cristina A. , Gómez-Parra Mª. Elena
Published: July 2021

Language learning, as a means to promote intercultural awareness and communication as well as to help citizens prosper professionally, is one of today’s main goals of educational systems around the world. In Europe, several guidelines have been published, and significant efforts have been devoted to encouraging the development of the quality of foreign and bilingual language education to improve citizens’ communicative skills. Although there were attempts to foster foreign language proficiency in some parts of the United Kingdom between the 1990s and the early 2000s, the country has not traditionally considered languages among its educational priorities. Nonetheless, Brexit seems to have increased the need to learn languages in the country. In some other European countries, however, Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), an additive bilingual approach, has been implemented since the early 2000. Considering that the nations in the United Kingdom and the regions in Spain have the freedom to organise educational affairs, an analysis of the provision of foreign and bilingual language education in the United Kingdom and Spain appears relevant. This paper presents the results of a systematic review of 2012-2020 literature in the field of foreign and bilingual language education in both contexts. The differences that exist within the United Kingdom concerning foreign language teaching are discussed, and information in relation to the provision of CLIL in some Spanish regions is also examined. The findings show that foreign language teaching is provided across the United Kingdom, whereas bilingual education is offered in the form of Welsh-, Irish-, and Gaelic-medium education mainly, although CLIL is also implemented in England.
The spectrum of palpable breast lesions- A cytopathological study of 1193 cases
Authors:   MBBS, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, India, GC Manasa , SP Sneha ,   MBBS, Tutor, Department of Pathology, JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, India, Govardhan Adicherla ,   MBBS, Tutor, Department of Pathology, JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, India
Published: July 2021

Introduction- The vast majority of the lesions that occur in the breast are benign. Much concern isgiven to malignant lesions of the breast because female breast cancer has now surpassed lungcancer as the leading cause of global cancer incidence in 2020. Fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) has good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the diagnosis of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic breast lump thereby assisting in early diagnosis and further management. The currentstudy was done to study the incidence and the different cytomorphological patterns of palpablebreast lumps by FNAC and consequently compare the results with studies in the literature.Materials and methods- This is a retrospective study conducted from January 2018 to December2020 in a tertiary care hospital. The three-year data is obtained from the records maintained in theFNA clinic. The patients were counselled before the procedure and informed consent was taken.Results- A total of 1193 breast lump cases were analysed in this 3-year study, there were 19 malepatients all of them presented with gynaecomastia and 1177 female patients. The patient’s agegroup ranged from 12 to 86 years. The commonest age group with the lesions 31-40 yearscomprising 326 cases (27.32%) followed 21-30 years age group in the second place with 307 cases(25.7%). Conclusion- In this study the most common benign neoplastic and malignant neoplasticbreast lumps are fibroadenoma and infiltrating ductal carcinoma respectively. Fibrocystic disease ofthe breast is the most common non-neoplastic breast lump.
Cross-industry Benchmarking of Educational Projects
Authors:   ITMO University, Solovieva D.V. , Vorobeva A.A. ,   ITMO University, Bashurova A.V. ,   ITMO University, Iusha A.E. ,   ITMO University
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the integration of educational marketing into business and social projects. The value of this work is the development of a method that will help to abstract from the industry binding in the selection and application of educational tools in solving marketing problems. Attention is paid not only to the goals of using educational marketing, but to the willingness of companies to use it. The study analyzes global and local trends in society, business, and education; studies modern educational marketing technologies and benchmarked more than 40 projects that use educational marketing. The research methodology includes a series of in-depth interviews and consumer surveys. Attention is drawn to the goals of the application of educational marketing, the willingness of companies to use it, the potential for introducing innovative formats and educational marketing tools into the activities of companies. In the analysis of consumers attention is focused on the goals of educational content consumption. The author's classification of projects is formed from the point of view of the use of educational marketing tools. The result of the study is the method of applying educational marketing. When formulating the method, it was decided to rely on two criteria: the situation of consumption of educational content-stressful or life-long learning; the type of company using innovative formats and educational marketing tools: conservatives, load balancers and innovators. This method will help companies to use various formats and tools of educational marketing to build relationships with consumers and brand loyalty.
Directions of Using Statistical Accounting in International Innovative Cooperation in Additive Technologies
Authors:   ITMO University, Somonov V.V. , Murashova S.V. ,   ITMO University
Published: July 2021

Choosing the right strategy for further technological development and priority market segments are an important aspect for companies developing in the high-tech process market. The development of innovative is impossible without the information exchange and cooperation between the countries. Most of the companies in this market have limited resources. This requires a high rate of return on investment and appropriate protection. It is necessary to estimate the current level and to find out what contributes to the accumulation of knowledge and scientific information to reach the next stage of development. Such an assessment can be made on the basis of the collected data. Statistical indicators qualitatively and quantitatively characterize additive production. The article provides an analysis of current trends and statistical indicators that characterize international cooperation in the field of innovative processes, including additive technologies. The main channels of the transfer of these technologies are listed, and the structural associations responsible for the development and dissemination of knowledge are indicated. The dynamics of changes in the volume of state budget allocations for research and development work per scientist for leading European countries is analyzed. The dependence of the increase in the publication activity on the change in the ratio of the number of researchers per million people of the population for different countries is demonstrated. The leading countries in generating revenue from trade in equipment and technologies in the field of additive manufacturing and a country having the largest number of the patents in this field are identified.
Phenomen by Fuller in the Problems of Analytical Design of Optimal Regulators
Authors: Sukhinin B. V. , Surkov V. V. , Filimonov N. B.
Published: July 2021

The problem of synthesis of an optimal controlled system with a quadratic quality criterion having an infinite number of switching points at a finite time inter val is discussed. In the theor y of optimal control, this phenomenon is called the "Fuller phenomenon". For more than 60 years, the Fuller problem has been very attractive, relevant, and still unsolved, especially for non-linear multidimensional dynamical systems of high order, and even more so, with obtaining a solution in an explicit analytical form for practical implementation in a control system.

The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the theoretical aspects and practical features of the method of synthesis of optimal control systems by the fast acting criterion by the example of solving problems related to the Fuller phenomenon.

When solving these problems, we use in the classical variations calculus and the Pontryagin maximum principle of the method of introducing a new additional phase variable into consideration, which is defined to the integral quality criterion and expands the original phase vector of the object. As a result, if the best optimal control in terms of fast acting for the control object is known then this technique makes it ver y easy to get a worse optimal control in terms of accuracy by including the Fuller accuracy criterion in the dynamics of the control object. It should be note that an important acquisition here is to increase the accuracy to the optimal value and reduce the established control error to zero, with all error coefficients (in position, speed, acceleration, jerk, etc.) equal to zeroin the presence of external and internal interference.

Statements and solutions of the classical and modified Fuller problems are presented. As illustrative examples, we consider the traditional problems of the synthesis of optimal control in terms of speed, solved in well-known methods.
Spectra of comet C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)
Authors:   Main Astronomical Observatory of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shubina O. S. , Borisov N. V. ,   Special Astrophysical Observatory, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Russia, Rosenbush V. K. ,   Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Ivanova O. V. ,   Astronomical Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Tatranská Lomnica, Slovak Republic
Published: July 2021

We present the results of spectral observations of comet C/2002 T7 (LINEAR) carried out at the 1-m Zeiss-1000 telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory (Russia). The spectra were obtained within the 3500-7500 Å wavelength range on November 13, 14, and 21, 2003, before the perihelion passage, when heliocentric and geocentric distances of the comet were about 2.7 AU and 1.8 AU, respectively. Spectra do not show any emission features from the strongest cometary emissions of the CN, C2, and C3 molecules. The normalised spectral gradient of reflectivity is 2.8% per 1000 Å and 5.4% per 1000 Å for November 14 and 21, respectively. The Afρ parameter, which characterises the dust production rate in the comet, is on average about 800 cm. Comet C/2002 T7 (LINEAR) can be classified as belonging to the group of dusty comets
PRAGMATIC REALIZATION OF PROBABILITY CATEGORY IN THE RANGE OF “REALITY / IRREALITY” IN SCIENCE-FICTION NOVELS
Authors: Khrystych Nina
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of the study of probability category in the popular science fiction novels “The Expanse” by James S. Corey and “Blindsight” by Peter Watts. According to the author, the pragmatic realization of probability category in the area “reality / unreality” is to analyze the pragmatic content of a particular communicative situation of interaction of communication participants. The analysis of the pragmatic content of the language units is focused on establishing those elements that carry information about the future. Pragmatic realization of probability category in the area “reality / unreality” occurs not only in a semantic-functional way of sentence construction, but also through modality. The research material showed that the semantic division of modality is determined by two criteria: quantitative and qualitative assessment of the speaker’s knowledge. Selected cases of modal probability are transmitted by units of different language levels: lexical, lexical-grammatical, lexical-syntactic and syntactic. The position of probability markers is significant to determine the degree of probability of information in the English-language utterance. The author believes that this problem requires a multifaceted study. There are still a number of issues that require more detailed study, namely, semantics of expressing degrees of probability, the plurality of means of expressing modal relations, and so on.
Development of Social Competencies of Primary School Children in Schools with Different Ways of Organizing Educational Interactions
Authors: Rubtsov V.V. , Ulanovskaya I.M.
Published: July 2021

The article focuses on the results of the study on the development of social competencies in primary school students studying in schools with different ways of organizing educational interactions. Two types of schools are analyzed: a school that implements a system of developmental learning (the method of D.B. Elkonin — V.V. Davydov), and a school based on traditional teaching methods. The research is based on the principle of activity theory, according to which the development of social competencies in the learning activity is mediated by the ways of organizing learning interactions and forms of communication between children and adults, aimed at a joint search for a common way to solve a certain class of problems. The study involved fourth graders from Moscow schools (258 students). The author's method "The conflict" was used. It allows to study the students' search for a way to solve the visual-logical problem of identifying a system of features and multiplying them. The article discusses statistically significant differences in the results demonstrated by fourth graders from different types of schools. It is shown that the school of developmental learning creates favorable conditions for students to master productive forms of group interaction, which increases the effectiveness of joint problem solving, and ultimately contributes to the development of social competencies in primary school children. In students, studying in traditional schools, the phenomenon of "loss of content" in communicative competencies was revealed: children united in a group to solve a problem lost their focus on analyzing the content of the problem, replacing the process of finding a joint solution by demonstrating the learned rules of interaction.
Why Teachers Need Metacognition Training?
Authors: Kozulin A.
Published: July 2021

The goal of this paper is to explore the cognitive and metacognitive skills of teachers engaged in cogni-tive training. One of the best-known stand-alone cognitive programs is "Instrumental Enrichment" (IE) developed by Feuerstein, Rand, Hoffman, and Miller. Similar to other cognitive programs, the main em-phasis on IE research has always been on the change that occurs in students' performance. Little is known of teachers' acquisition of IE problem-solving skills and even less of their metacognitive performance associated with this acquisition. In the present study, 28 teachers were pre-and post-tested before and after 90 hours of IE training. The tests included items similar but not identical to those used during the IE training. The analysis of pre-test problem solving demonstrated that a relatively large number of teachers experienced difficulty in solving at least some of the IE tasks. The even greater difficulty was observed in the teachers’ articulation of their problem-solving strategies in a written form. The comparison of pre-and post-test results indicates statistically significant improvement not only in the teachers’ cognitive problem solving but also in their metacognitive skills. These changes, however, did not reach the level of a complete cognitive or metacognitive mastery. The possible reasons for differences in the two sub-groups of teachers are discussed
Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizers and Soil Moisture Status on Some Biological and Physical Properties of Soil
Authors: Moridi Ameneh , Zarei Mehdi , Moosavi Ali Akbar , Ronaghi Abdolmajid
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of liquid organic fertilizers (LOFs) and soil moisture status on some biological and physical properties of postharvest soil of maize cultivation. For this purpose, a factorial greenhouse experiment was performed based on the completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments consisted of five levels of LOFs (control, vermicompost tea, vermiwash, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria [PGPR] enriched vermicompost tea and PGPR enriched vermiwash) and three levels of soil moisture status (field capacity [FC], 0.8 FC and 0.6 FC). The results showed LOFs caused an increase of soil biological properties (soil microbial respiration, soil microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity and the number of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria) and the improvement of soil physical condition. LOFs increased aggregate stability, hydrophobicity and total porosity, while decreased bulk density and soil penetration resistance. Increasing water stress levels reduced soil biological activity and made soil physical properties more unfavorable. In general, LOFs improved soil conditions by enhancing soil physical and biological properties and decreased the negative effects of water stress. In addition, results showed that LOFs enriched with PGPR could be more effective than non-enriched ones.
Between Stagnation and Modernisation. Economic and Social Transformations of Countryside in the Polish-Ruthenian Border in the Late Middle Ages (Example of Hrubieszów County)
Authors: Jawor Grzegorz , Kołacz-Chmiel Małgorzata
Published: July 2021

Prezentowany artykuł ma na celu ukazanie przemian prawno-ustrojowych, gospodarczych i społecznych następujących we wsiach położonych na obszarach pogranicza polsko-ruskiego na przykładzie powiatu hrubieszowskiego w ziemi chełmskiej. W oparciu o analizę zachowanego materiału źródłowego (zwłaszcza w niewielkim stopniu dotychczas wykorzystywanej księgi ziemskiej zawierającej zapisy roków sądowych odbywanych w Hrubieszowie) autorzy prezentują drogi przenikania nowego modelu funkcjonowania wsi opartego na prawie niemieckim do struktur społeczno-gospodarczych utrwalonych na obszarach ziem ruskich. W świetle prowadzonych badań wyłania się obszar znajdujący się pod wpływem oddziaływania nowych rozwiązań płynących z Zachodu, częściowo je adaptujący ale jednocześnie zachowujący w dużym stopniu dawny sposób organizacji wsi. Problem jest tym bardziej złożony, że konfrontacja tych dwóch rozwiązań gospodarczych nakłada się na podziały religijno-etniczne. Konieczne więc było naświetlenie związków tych przemian z napływem ludności obcej. W artykule przedstawiono także czynniki determinujące intensyfikacje lub osłabienie zachodzących przemian.
Kontrakty skarbowe na dobra ekonomii samborskiej z drugiej połowy XVII i XVIII wieku
Authors: Wrona Grzegorz
Published: July 2021

Ekonomia samborska należała do największych pod względem powierzchni i najbardziej dochodowych spośród wszystkich koronnych i litewskich dóbr stołowych. Wydzielona została mocą konstytucji sejmowych pod koniec XVI w. jako uposażenie królów Rzeczypospolitej. Monarchowie nie zarządzali tymi dobrami bezpośrednio, lecz decydowali się na ich wydzierżawianie lub oddawanie w administrację w ramach tzw. zarządu do wiernych. Efektem tego było powstanie kontraktów skarbowych, w których określano warunki i zasady zarządzania dobrami samborskimi przez dzierżawców i administratorów. Analiza konstrukcji zachowanych umów i treści zawartych w nich zapisów pozwoliła zaprezentować zbiorowość zarządców ekonomii oraz sprawowane przez nich urzędy i pełnione stanowiska. Scharakteryzowano ich uprawnienia w zakresie organizacji i funkcjonowania dóbr, powoływania członków aparatu kontrolno-zarządzającego i sprawowania wymiaru sprawiedliwości. Przedmiotem analizy uczyniono obowiązki administratorów i dzierżawców względem królewskiej majętności, ich prawa wobec zamieszkujących ją poddanych, działania, jakie podejmować mieli w celu zagwarantowania integralności ekonomii i jej dochodowości, oraz konsekwencje wynikające z nieprzestrzegania zapisów umów. Rozważania przeprowadzono na podstawie materiałów rękopiśmiennych przechowywanych w zasobach Archiwum Głównego Akt Dawnych w Warszawie, Biblioteki Naukowej Lwowskiego Uniwersytetu Narodowego im. Iwana Franki oraz Centralnego Państwowego Archiwum Historycznego Ukrainy we Lwowie.
Szkoła pijarska w Rosieniach
Authors: Ausz Mariusz
Published: July 2021

Artykuł dotyczy dziejów szkoły pijarskiej w Rosieniach, która administracyjnie należała do prowincji litewskiej. Niewiele zachowało się źródeł na temat tej placówki, szczególnie z XVIII w., dlatego jej losy są mało znane. Była ona jednym z ostatnich kolegiów założonych przez to zgromadzenie. Po III rozbiorze szkoła znalazła się w granicach państwa rosyjskiego. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie działalności szkoły, wykorzystano w nim materiały archiwalne do których dotarto w wyniku kwerendy w kraju, w Litewskim Państwowym Archiwum Historycznym w Wilnie oraz Archiwum Generalnym Zakonu Pijarów w Rzymie. Dotychczas nie były one wykorzystane przez polskich badaczy. Pozwoliło to zweryfikować, jak i w znacznym stopniu uzupełnić badania na temat tej szkoły. Kolegium zostało ufundowane około 1743 r., a przy nim funkcjonowała szkoła. Kolegium wraz ze szkołą zostały zlikwidowane w 1833 r.
Organisation of the National System of Cybersecurity: Selected Issues
Authors: Karpiuk Mirosław
Published: July 2021

The issues discussed in this paper concern cybersecurity. The threats present in cyberspace are becoming increasingly difficult to detect, and their prevention requires not only knowledge and special equipment, but also considerable financial resources. As such, the State has to put a great deal of effort (both institutional and financial) into cybersecurity measures directed against attacks. In order to meet the challenges connected with ensuring cybersecurity, the legislators have undertaken the regulation of such issues by adopting laws on the national cybersecurity system to allow the responsible authorities to properly secure cyberspace against threats. As part of the national cybersecurity system, lawmakers have imposed a number of obligations on public entities to ensure that information systems are resistant to actions which compromise the confidentiality, integrity, accessibility, and authenticity of processed data, and the related services offered by such systems. Appropriate obligations have also been exacted on the operators of essential services (OES), i.e. services key to maintaining critical social or economic activities which are included in the list of essential services.
Zdolność rejestrowa zapachowych znaków towarowych przed i po wprowadzeniu dyrektywy 2015/2436. Zmiana w praktyce czy jedynie w teorii?
Authors: Pietrzyk-Tobiasz Barbara
Published: July 2021

Smells are an unusual way of communication, allowing not only for the creation of associations in the minds of the recipients, but also for evoking certain emotions. Therefore, they are used in marketing strategies and they may become trade marks. Unfortunately, until the adoption of Directive (EU) 2015/2436 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2015 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks, these signs were, in principle, excluded from registration. This was due to their inability to meet the requirement of graphic representation as understood by the criteria established by the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. However, under this Directive, this requirement was abolished and replaced by the criterion of so-called representativeness of the sign. The purpose of this article is to present olfactory marks from both a marketing perspective and the admissibility of their registration, as well as to analyze the practice of registering them before and after the adoption of Directive 2015/2436.
Geleneksel Yöntem ve Direkt Fermantasyon ile Üretilen Maraş Tarhanalarında Biyoaktif Peptitlerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: YÜKSEL Doğanay , İNANÇ Ahmet Levent
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada geleneksel yöntem ve direkt fermantasyon yöntemi olmak üzere iki farklı teknikle üretilen Maraş tarhanaları ve tarhanaların ana bileşenlerinin (yoğurt ve dövme) pepsin-tripsin hidrolizatlarında bulunan 3kDa altındaki kısa zincirli “biyoaktif peptitler” araştırılmıştır. Q-TOF LC/MS cihazından alınan MS verileri PEAKS Studio (versiyon 8.5) programında değerlendirilmiş ve tespit edilen peptitlerin BIOPEP veri setinde fizyolojik aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. RP-HPLC’de tarhana örneklerinin peptit profilleri kıyaslanmıştır. Geleneksel tarhana hidrolizatlarında 3 kDa altında 34 tane, direkt fermente tarhana hidrolizatlarında ise 50 tane peptit tespit edilmiştir. Bunların 8 tanesi ACE inhibitör peptit, 3 tanesi antioksidan peptit, 1 tanesi antibakteriyal peptit, 4 tanesi DPP IV inhibitör peptit ve 1 tanesi renin inhibitör peptit olarak BIOPEP veri setinde tanımlıdır. Yoğurt hidrolizatlarında tespit edilen 19 peptit zincirinden iki tanesi (VLPVPQK, EAMAPK) tarhana örnekleri ile ortaktır. Dövme hidrolizatında 23 adet peptit tespit edilmiştir. Bunların içinden LVVPPK peptiti direkt fermente tarhana hidrolizatında da tespit edilmiştir. Yoğurt ve dövme hidrolizatlarında ortak peptit bulunmamıştır. BIOPEP veri setinde yer almayan EAMAPK peptitinin antioksidan, IIVTQTMK peptitinin ACE inhibitör ve LPAVFK, LPGLKF, LLSLGA, LVVPPK peptitlerinin amino asit dizilimi ve türleri göz önüne alındığında antimikrobiyal aktivite taşıma kapasiteleri olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.
Vertical distribution of Root Lesion Nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei (Sher et Allen) Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae)) and Stem and Bulb Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) on Chickpea Growing Areas in Turkey
Authors: BEHMAND Tohid , KASAPOĞLU ULUDAMAR Ece Börteçine , ELEKCİOĞLU Ibrahim
Published: July 2021

Investigation of the vertical distribution of three plant-parasitic nematodes was conducted in two southeastern (Şanlıurfa) and central Anatolia (Ankara) Turkey chickpea fields during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 growing season. Twelve accessions of wild Cicer species representing three Cicer species (Cicer reticulatum L. and C. echinospermum L.) were used in the experiments for it. Soil samples were collected around the plant roots at a 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm depth by using an auger at each site. Maximum population densities of the root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei (Sher et Allen) and (Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch) Filipjev & Schuurmans) were observed at the depth of 20-30 cm, pod filling stage, and harvest time on most sampling. Also, the population density of root-lesion nematodes at the depths of 20-30 cm was observed as higher than Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) in the chickpea field. Population density of root-lesion nematodes was positively correlated with the contents of depth, site, time sampling, species chickpea, and there was determined significant difference between soil depth and population density of nematodes in both sites statistically.
Evaluation of Biofungicides in the Control against Powdery Mildew Disease [Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arm.] in Pepper
Authors: ARICI Şerife Evrim , ÖZKAYA Ramazan
Published: July 2021

In this study, Tea Tree Oil, (Timorex Gold), Orange Oil (Prev-Am), Reynoutria spp. extract (Regalia), Bacillus subtilis QST 713 (Serenade SC), Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei (Vitanal) and a reference product Fluopyram+Tebuconazole (Luna Experience) were applied to pepper plants to determine the efficacy against powdery mildew disease caused by Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arm on pepper. The disease on plants was evaluated based on the 0-5 scale when the disease reached to 20% on untreated plots. Trials were established as a randomized plot design with four replications. The disease severity was assessed using Towsend-Heuberger’s formula and the percentage effect of the applications was calculated using the Abbott formula. The conducted experiments were revealed that the highest % efficacy values of the preparations against powdery mildew were obtained from Timorex Gold (80%), Prev-Am (45%), Regalia (44.7%), Serenade (26.3%) and Vitanal (26.2%), respectively. The efficacy of the reference product, Luna Experience, against powdery mildew in pepper was found 89%. It has been concluded that Timorex Gold preparation performed enough efficacy against Leveillula taurica, and can be safely used and offered against powdery mildew.
SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN Y CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL COMO PRÁCTICAS DE GESTIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO
Authors: BORDA ARIAS MARÍA ISABEL
Published: July 2021

El conocimiento en la organización es un recurso económico, intangible, que genera competitividad a las empresas; por tanto, se hace necesario evaluarlo y entenderlo por su calidad y valor. En esta investigación se realiza un análisis de componentes principales a una escala que mide practicas del conocimiento institucional a través de variables de gran relevancia como la transferencia del conocimiento, medios y tecnologías, cultura organizacional y gestión por competencias; la medición se hace mediante una escala de tipo Likert, los participantes son 446 trabajadores de siete grandes empresas privadas de la ciudad de Bogotá. Se logra estructurar una escala que demuestra un alto índice de confiabilidad y validez de constructo.
EL DISCURSO EN LAS RELACIONES DE GÉNERO ENTRE EMPRENDEDORES. UNA APROXIMACIÓN DESDE EL ENCUADRE COMUNICACIONAL
Authors: URBIOLA SOLÍS ALEJANDRA ELIZABETH , ZAMBRANO VARGAS SANDRA MILENA
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis del discurso a partir del concepto de encuadre comunicacional utilizando cuatro de ellos: la aceptación de los intereses dominantes, la trivialización, la vacilación denotativa y la personalización de lo público, los cuales se identifican en las respuestas de un grupo de emprendedores. En los discursos se encuentra que tanto mujeres como hombres siguen unos esquemas aprendidos en la familia y reforzados en la vida cotidiana en donde aceptan unos roles de género presentes a la hora de hacer negocios. Se observa una necesidad de cambio en los discursos perpetuados en donde las mujeres tienen un lugar secundario al emprender, los cuales deberían ser replicados desde el hogar y otras instituciones.
Spatial Contestation of Indo Europeesch Verbond and Japanese Internment Camp in Kesilir Plantation Village 1920s
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia, Septiawan Nugroho Rifandi , Nurliani Lukito Yulia , Ridwan Kurniawan Kemas
Published: July 2021

Kesilir Village, in the southern tip of Banyuwangi, opened as a plantation area in 1920s by Indo Europeesch Verbond (Indo-European Community). Ironically, in the early period of Japanese occupation (1942-1943), the village was converted into an internment camp for Europeans in Java, including the Indo-Dutch community. Interrupted by two ruling regimes and local plantation workers in the colonial era, Kesilir has become a node of the social dynamics of people from various backgrounds. Specters of histories, memories, and the traumas of during colonial era haunted the physical and mental space of the residents, blending with the social spaces up to this day. This study investigates the village’s spatial structure and architectural intervention of two colonial regimes, extending from the opening of the IEV plantation in 1920s until when it was used for internment camp under Japanese occupation in 1943. The main objective of this study is to reconstruct the architectural history of the Kesilir Village by understanding the relationship between environment, built structure, and social dynamics that occurred in the past, through analyzing archival records, spatial structures, and memories. The study of regional morphology is used in this study to dissect maps, notes, sketches, and physical traces that can still be found. Field documentation and archive elicitation were also carried out to capture collective memories that still remain.
Factors Influencing Domestic Tourist Preference of Holiday Destination in Malaysia During theCovid-19 Pandemic: A Conceptual Framework
Authors:   School of Business at the Malaysia University of Science and Technology, Selangor, Malaysia, Loh Sing Chiet Chareen , Abd Razak Kamal
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 global pandemic has negatively impacted local tourism industries worldwide, including in Malaysia where the tourism industry contributes significantly to the country’s economic income and employment opportunities. While sector has received regulatory financial assistance to sustain their business and retain employees, more market measures are needed to promote domestic tourism as the main vehicle for filling the tourist income gap from the decline in inbound international tourist arrivals. Similar previous studies were focused on business-as-usual conditions with unrestricted international travel, however there is a research gap focusing on tourism in Malaysia under current conditions of recovery from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework to investigate affordability, quality of service, health and safety compliance and access to facilities and amenities and to better understand how these factors influence domestic tourist preference of holiday destination in Malaysia during the pandemic. A sample of 384 respondents from the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya and the state of Selangor in Malaysia will be selected by using random sampling technique. Regression analysis will be conducted to assess the research hypothesis
A Qualitative Study on the Behavioral Impact of TikTok’s Platform Mechanics on Economically Driven Content Creators
Authors:   University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland, Rach Markus
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyze the behavioral impact of TikTok’s platform mechanics and actions on economically driven, thus objective oriented content creators on the platform. Since almost all social media platforms monetize user content, platform objectives were related to exhibited platform mechanics to propose a conceptual model for the behavioral altercation potential of TikTok. The underlying data and insights were collected via qualitative interviews of economically driven content creators. Gained insights were contrasted against intrinsically motivated content creators on the basis of a behavioral change model.
The Hanbalite Theology: A Critical Study of The Hanbalite Theological Creeds and Polemical Adversaries
Authors: Fanani Ahwan
Published: July 2021

The Hanbalite school, well-known as a traditional school of Islamic law, played important role in theological disscourses in Islamic history. The fact, however, fails to be paid enough attention because of prevalent knowledge among Islamic society that the Hanbalite is only and a school of Islamic law. The Hanbalite theology is frequently abandoned in Islamic scholarship, although several researches have tried to reveal them. This article is aimed to extend previous researche of the Hanbalite theology through the description of its creeds and the elaboration of theological polemics between the Hanbalites and their adversaries. This article employs the history of idea by analyzing references written by Hanbalite scholars and other related sources. The references are collected and categorized according to the need of topics and then interpreted to provide readers with overall picture of the Hanbalite theology and their polemics along history. The Hanbalites creeds are based on textual understanding on Quranic texts and prophetic traditions. The creeds are underpinned by the idea that the Quran is not created and Quranic verses on God’s attributes should be understood textually. The idea led Hanbalite scholars to do a debate with other theologians. The article provides a more vivid description on Hanbalite creeds and analyzes the creeds in the light polemics launched by the Hanbalite scholars against their rivals. The article, however, does not elaborate detailly on each Hanbalite scholar’s contribution in forming sophisticated Hanbalite theology.