bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefits of Surfactant-Free Nanomaterials for Catalysis: Size Effects of Gold Nanoparticles for Alcohol Electro-Oxidations
Authors: Panagopoulos Dionysis , Alamdari Armin Asghari , Quinson Jonathan
Published: September 2024

Nanocatalysts are at the forefront to study and exploit several chemical processes. Simple preparation methods of nanomaterials greatly benefit to various fundamental studies and facilitate the development of nanocatalysts towards real-life applications. Here, an easily implementable surfactant-free colloidal synthesis, simply achieved in alkaline mixtures of water and mono-alcohol (e.g. ethanol), performed at room temperature in the case of gold nanoparticles, and compatible with the principles of Green Chemistry, is exploited and further developed to easily perform size-effects studies in catalysis. Gold nanoparticles in the size range of 5 to 22 nm are easily prepared from a solution of 0.5 mM HAuCl4, 2 mM NaOH and 20 v.% ethanol or methanol, and by initiating the synthesis in different simple ways: sonochemistry, stirring, manual shaking, using different grades of precursors, using different solvents. The nanomaterials are shown to be ideal model systems to study size effects in catalysis with the example of alcohol electrocatalytic oxidations performed in alkaline media.
Capturing strong correlation in molecules with phaseless auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo using generalized Hartree Fock trial wavefunctions
Authors: Danilov Don , Ganoe Brad , Munyi Mark , Shee James
Published: September 2024

Generalized Hartree Fock (GHF) is a long-established electronic structure method that can lower the energy (compared to spin-restricted variants) by breaking physical wavefunction symmetries, namely S^2 and Sz. After an exposition of GHF theory, we assess the use of GHF trial wavefunctions in phaseless auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo (ph-AFQMC-G) calculations of strongly correlated molecular systems including symmetrically stretched hydrogen rings, carbon dioxide, and dioxygen. We find comparable or better accuracy than CCSD(T) with unrestricted HF and GHF references, and consistently smooth dissociation curves -- a remarkable result given the relative scalability of ph-AFQMC-G to larger system sizes. The present exploration of model strongly correlated systems marks a promising starting point for future studies of more chemically-relevant molecules, and demonstrates that ph-AFQMC-G provides a highly accurate (and, in contrast to active-space-based trials, relatively black box and always size-consistent) description of challenging systems exhibiting, e.g., antiferromagnetic coupling and/or geometric spin frustration.
Hablemos seriamente sobre los riesgos de desarrollo
Authors: Melendi Julieta
Published: September 2024

En este trabajo, analizamos la importancia de regular en forma expresa los riesgos de desarrollo en la legislación argentina. A tal fin, no solo exponemos la evolución de la discusión doctrinaria en materia de responsabilidad civil en nuestro país, sino que también consideramos los diversos fondos de compensación creados para hacer frente a los daños ocasionados por tales riesgos. Adicionalmente, ponderamos las ventajas y desventajas que existen al considerar a los riesgos de desarrollo como eximentes de responsabilidad por medio de una evaluación a las diversas posturas doctrinarias y jurisprudenciales al respecto. Nos abocamos, asimismo, en analizar cómo es este instituto en el derecho comparado, tomando como directriz el modelo comunitario europeo, más precisamente la regulación expresa de los riesgos de desarrollo en la Directiva 85/374 del Consejo Económico Europeo. Si bien proponemos una reforma legislativa que siga dicha directiva, diferimos de ella en cuanto deja sin reparación a las víctimas de estos daños.
Evaluative Study of Video assisted teaching on knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among staff nurses
Authors: Sam C.V Kalanidhi , Babu R.
Published: September 2024

None
Effectiveness of Self instructional module on Knowledge regarding vaginitis among women
Authors: John Soumya , M.V. Smitha Dr.
Published: September 2024

None
Effectiveness of Guided Imagery on Stress of People living with HIV/AIDS(PLHIV)
Authors: Philip Jipsa
Published: September 2024

None
Digital currencies in the electronic money system: legal aspects (part 2)
Authors:   Irkutsk Law Institute (branch) of the University of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation, Parkhomenko S. V. , Mikhailov I. N. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Ad-ministration
Published: September 2024

The article examines the legal nature of the relations that arise when owning digital currencies and cryptocurrency as its variety is studied, as well as the place of various digital currencies in the system of objects of civil rights in Russian and foreign legislation. Within the framework of legal science, a scientific discussion regarding approaches to the legal regulation of the circulation of digital currencies has been explored, developed in the following three main areas: civil law, financial law and criminal law. Taking into account the theoretical and practical aspects of the emerging legal regulation of digital currencies, as well as taking into ac-count the economic and technical features of this institution and its subtypes, the corresponding concept and classification have been formed. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn that during the period from 2014 to the present, the Russian regulator changed the direction of its policy in terms of legalizing the legal status of digital currencies from a prohibitive nature to a neutral one, while to date there have been no systemic decisions or framework regulations such as and was not ac-cepted, as a result of which digital currencies continue to be in the “gray zone,” thereby generating legal uncertainty in the field of enforcement. It is concluded that due to the implementation digital ruble as the digital currency of the Central Bank of Russia, by analogy with foreign jurisdictions, the issue of forming basic civil legislation in Russia will be worked out, which will create a regulatory framework for the institutions under consideration, as well as develop a unified approach in terms of legal assessment and interpretation of legal relations arising in this area.
Digital crime: concept, criminological characteristics, prevention (part 2)
Authors:   East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Sidorova E. Z. , Usov E. G. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: September 2024

This scientific work is a continuation of a previously published scientific article: if the first part of the study revealed the concept and criminological characteristics of digital crime, then the second part of the work is devoted more to the prevention of digital crime. The analysis of such a concept as a crime committed using information (digital) technologies shows that in the scientific literature there are different points of view regarding the content of this concept, however, each of the definitions is more or less based on the norms of current legislation in the field of information. The key purpose of this scientific research and the tasks arising from this goal are formulated as the disclosure of the definition of digital crime, the description of its types and the presentation of common positions on the issue of digital crime prevention. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, in particular, the method of induction, deduction, generalization, analysis, research of official information sources, the method of expert assessments, etc. The resolution of the issue of the pre-vention of such crimes is of the greatest practical importance. The largest amount of authority in the fight against digital crimes is vested in specialized subjects of the prevention of digital crimes. However, only all actors together can ensure the systematic implementation of all prevention measures. In the fight against digital crimes, the subjects of prevention must act together and build an effective mechanism for interaction and exchange of necessary information. Countering the crimes in question includes a full range of operational and technical, search, operational and investigative measures, including explanatory and preventive means of general and individual prevention of offenses, which are provided for by current legislation.
Decomposition of HIV Knowledge In Urban-Rural Areas In Indonesia
Authors: Murti Fadhaa Aditya Kautsar , Utami Asti Annisa , Jangkang Gastin Gabriel
Published: September 2024

HIV/AIDS remains a public health crisis, HIV/AIDS remains a public health crisis, especially among male adolescents in Indonesia. This urgency stems from the rapid increase in cases among adolescents, who often lack adequate access to education and prevention resources. If left unaddressed, the epidemic could continue to spread among younger populations, leading to long-term social and economic consequences. Despite the crucial role of HIV knowledge in prevention, disparities exist between rural and urban areas. This study examines these disparities, identifying factors influencing HIV knowledge. This cross-sectional study employed a total of 10,943 male adolescents enrolled in a survey called Indonesia Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. To address those disparities, a stratification chi-square based on place of residence was employed. We also employed a multivariate decomposition analysis to examine which variables account for most gaps. Results found that only 15% of adolescents were knowledgeable (9.5% in urban and 5.5% in rural areas). Bivariate Analysis showed that education level and HIV test awareness were associated in both areas ( p-value < 0.05), while wealth quintile and internet use were associated in urban areas only ( p-values < 0.05). The HIV knowledge gap would decrease by 8% if internet use was equalized, by 11% if HIV testing awareness was equalized, by 17% if educational attainment was equalized, and by 24% if wealth quintiles were equalized. This calls for a multi-sectoral intervention targeting such factors for better HIV outcomes in Indonesia.
ABOUT THE TURKIC AND MONGOLIAN TRIBES IN THE MEDIEVAL MANUSCRIPT "TAVARIKH-I GUZIDA - NUSRAT-NAME
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Zhumabayeva Aigerm , Margulan Aida
Published: September 2024

The article provides a translation of part of the London manuscript «Tavarikh-i guzida - nusrat-name» No. 3222, which is kept in the British Museum (Great Britain) and has long been not unavailable to our oriental historians for translation. The goals and objectives of the research are the translation of the medieval manuscript, and the introduction of the new data on the origin of the Turkic and Mongolian tribes of the Golden Horde that joined the army of Genghis Khan or fought him into scholarly discourse. Initial methods of research include, first of all, the translation of the manuscript from the ancient Turkic into Russian, followed by a multifaceted comparative analysis and its correlation with historical data. The results of the research are unique data on the indigenous Mongolian tribes of Nirun Mongols and the Darlekins, a group of Turkic tribes that allied themselves with the Mongols. Both groups are part of the Khamag-Mongol conglomerate, which founded the All-Mongolian state and subsequently became the core of the Mongolian nation. Besides, after the collapse of the Golden Horde, some of the tribes of the Turkic Darlekin Mongols became part of the Kazakh Khanate and assimilated with the Kazakhs. Conclusions. In the course of studying the composition of the Turkic and Mongolian tribes, it becomes possible to obtain new data on the history of building of the Mongolian and Kazakh ethnic groups on the basis of historical sources as well as through the lens of historical events.
Navigating the long journey of heart failure—experiences of Māori and Pacific peoples
Authors: Hanchard Sandra , Brewer Karen , Taueetia-Su’a Tua , Vaka Sione , Ameratunga Shanthi , Tane Taria , Newport Rochelle , Selak Vanessa , Harwood Matire , Grey Corina
Published: September 2024

aims: Māori and Pacific peoples in Aotearoa New Zealand experience significant inequities in heart failure rates, treatment and outcomes compared to NZ Europeans. We aimed to understand the experiences of Māori and Pacific people living with heart failure as they navigated care across primary and secondary settings. methods: This research involved a secondary analysis of data collected in a wider qualitative study investigating evidence–practice gaps of cardiovascular care experienced by Māori and Pacific people. From the wider pool of semi-structured interviews, we identified 24 people (seven Māori and 17 Pacific peoples, 23 from the North Island) living with heart failure, and applied template and framework analysis to explore their distinct experiences. results: Two major themes identified related to participants: 1) Condition—need for more support to understand and self-manage their heart failure condition, and 2) Journey—desire to feel well-connected to the health system in their heart failure journey. conclusions: Addressing heart failure inequities for Māori and Pacific peoples requires that providers engage in clear and meaningful communication to support patient self-management. Strengthening pathways for Māori and Pacific patients and whānau (families) between primary and secondary services is required to reduce their likelihood of becoming disconnected from care.
Study on Influencing Factors and Control Points of Design Estimate of Landscaping Engineering
Authors: Zhang Dan , Wu Meng , Zhao Jiashuo , Di Jie
Published: September 2024

In recent years, China’s landscaping projects have developed vigorously, and the growth rate of urban garden green space areas has been maintained at about 5%. Overall, with the development of the national economy and the support of macro policies, people’s demand for close to nature and beautify the environment is gradually increasing, which has brought new growth momentum for the development of the landscaping industry. Simultaneously, from the perspective of future economic development and urban development, the landscaping industry still has a lot of room for development. However, with the rapid development of landscape engineering, the problem of cost control of landscape engineering is becoming more prominent, the phenomenon of budget overestimation is common, and there are many factors affecting the cost of landscape engineering, which brings difficulties and challenges to the analysis of its influencing factors and cost management. How to scientifically analyze the influencing factors and control the cost has become an important link in the landscaping project. To solve the above problems, this paper takes the design stage of landscaping engineering as the background, takes the design estimate of landscaping engineering as the research object, through literature research and data collection, fully excavates the main influencing factors of the design estimate stage of landscaping engineering, analyzes the key points of cost control, and provides reference ideas and directions for the later cost management and control.
Detecting Code Smells
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University -- Chouran Beirut, Jammal Rim El
Published: September 2024

Code smells, defined as detrimental patterns and design choices in software development, significantly impact various aspects of Software Quality, such as maintainability, reuseability, and stability. These harmful effects can disrupt the software development cycle and result in a waste of development and managerial resources. Although code smell prediction has attracted considerable attention in recent years, the existing literature still shows certain limitations. In this thesis, we propose a Homogeneous Stacking Classifier to predict the presence of nine different types of code smells. To evaluate the performance of our proposed model, we compare it against state-of-the-art machine learning techniques that have proven to perform well in current research. Results show that our proposed approach statistically significantly outperforms the other models across most cases therefore, affirming its efficacy in code smell prediction.
Research on contemporary bamboo flute teaching concept
Authors: Wang Hua
Published: September 2024

This paper analyzes the technical essentials of the scientific and international concept of contemporary bamboo flute performance, emphasizes the importance of musical style and language characteristics, and points out that each musical style carries a specific cultural background and emotional expression, and as a traditional Chinese musical instrument, its timbre changes depict the beauty and humanity of mountains and rivers in a rich and delicate way. A deep understanding of how to control the timbre through different playing techniques, such as adjusting the structure of the mouth, so that the flow between notes can be warm and delicate, or passionate and loud emotional colors. In the performance, the three elements of "confrontation, friction and pressure" are put forward, which is a concise summary of the mechanical principle of bamboo flute performance. As well as the coordinated pressure between various parts of the body, these seemingly simple physical effects are actually the key to improving the quality of the performance.
Study on the promoting effect of basketball training on adolescent physical and mental development
Authors: Chen Yong
Published: September 2024

This paper discusses the promotion effect of basketball training on the physical and mental development of teenagers, aiming to provide theoretical support for youth physical education. Through a combination of literature review and empirical analysis, the effects of basketball training on adolescent physical health, psychological quality and social adaptability. Studies have shown that long-term participation in basketball training can not only significantly enhance the physical fitness of teenagers, such as cardiopulmonary function, strength and endurance, but also can effectively improve mental health, enhance self-confidence, stress resistance ability and teamwork awareness. In addition, basketball promotes the cultivation of teenagers' social communication ability and collective sense of honor. In general, basketball training plays an important role in promoting the all-round development of teenagers. It is suggested that basketball should be further promoted in school education to improve the overall quality of teenagers.
Analysis of Class Management Strategies for Class Teachers: How to Achieve Order amidst Busy Activities
Authors: Wen Xueru
Published: September 2024

As the basic unit of school teaching activities, the management level of the class plays a crucial role in the healthy and comprehensive development of students, as well as the completion of various educational and teaching tasks. Class management is a complex and arduous task that requires the homeroom teacher to have the correct methods. For newly appointed class teachers, learning class management experience is particularly important. The author elaborates on the relevant strategies of class management for homeroom teachers from three aspects: preparation, adherence to routines, and good learning, focusing on the theme of "busy yet orderly new officials taking office", and puts forward practical and useful suggestions.
Study of the landscape vocabulary of the Baise Uprising under the perspective of vocabulary
Authors: Li Jianning
Published: September 2024

The Baise Uprising is an important name card of the red cultural resources in Guangxi. It is taking comrade in Baise and the fighting course of the seventh Red Army as the main line, and plays an important position in the history of the Chinese revolution.In this paper, it expounds the research status and progress of landscape vocabulary, and analyzes the landscape, signs and venues of the old site of Baise uprising from the perspective of vocabulary vocabulary.It aims to boost and strengthen the mass communication of red culture on the basis of comprehensively combing the landscape vocabulary of the old site of Baise Uprising.
Impact of European Integration on Substantive and Formal Constitutional Amendments in Spain in the Light of the Spanish Constitutional Court’s Jurisprudence and Constitutional Practice
Authors: Jackiewicz Andrzej , Rytel-Warzocha Anna
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the article is to answer the question of how the process of European integration has influenced the Spanish constitutional order. Taking the European clause set out in Article 93 of the Spanish Constitution as a starting point, it analyzes both impacts of a formal-legal nature, but also influences of a substantive nature affecting the normative content of the Spanish Constitution. The study demonstrates that EU law, based on the principle of “direct applicability” and “direct effect,” intensively influences Spanish constitutional law and has been the strongest factor influencing the Spanish legal order since the enactment of the Spanish Constitution in 1978. Thus, while the Spanish Constitution in the formal sense remains a rigid constitution, when viewed in the category of a substantive constitution, it has proved to be flexible and susceptible to external influence, despite the fact that this occurs de jure with the consent of Spain expressed in respect of the principle of state sovereignty, on the basis of the provisions contained in Article 93 of the Spanish Constitution.
Mechanisms for Control of the Executive by the Bundestag
Authors: Juchniewicz Joanna
Published: September 2024

One of the functions of the representative body, alongside the legislative function, is the control function. It is a very important element of parliamentary-cabinet rule, and the way it is carried out, the instruments of scrutiny and the possibility for opposition factions in particular to use them are one of the pillars of a democratic state. Among the control mechanisms found in German law, are, among others, discharge, committees of enquiry, big and small questions, and questions to the government. The wide range of scrutiny instruments and the procedural arrangements that allow opposition representatives to use them enable the Bundestag, committees and members of the legislature to exercise effective scrutiny of the federal government’s activities.
Deputies as Subjects of Parliamentary Accountability – Means of Action
Authors: Młynarska-Sobaczewska Anna , Zaleśny Jacek
Published: September 2024

The article presents the most important issues in the accountability relationship between MPs and governments and their members. The various instruments of accountability at the disposal of MPs are comparatively identified and characterised. On this basis, the article argues that MPs have the instrumentality to hold the government and its agendas to account. They have tools at their disposal to obtain information on specific events concerning governments and their agencies, individual policies pursued by governments and their agencies, as well as the overall activities of governments.
The Court of Justice of the European Union as the Creator of a Protective Standard Against Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Szczerba Aleksandra , Suszko Mateusz
Published: September 2024

Sexual orientation is one of the characteristics legally protected under European Union law. The normative dimension of the principles of equal treatment and non-discrimination in the EU order – not limited to this issue only – is the result not only of lawmaking activity, in particular legislative, but also of jurisprudence. Indeed, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) plays a major role in raising the level of protection of persons of non-heteronormative sexual orientation from discrimination, both in the spheres covered by EU anti-discrimination law and in other areas of EU law. The purpose of this article is to analyse the activity of the CJEU vis-à-vis the protection of homosexual persons from discrimination. The analysis is enriched by an attempt to critically evaluate selected Luxembourg jurisprudence and to anticipate the direction of its development. The object and purpose of the analysis determined the research methods used, which consist of the dogmatic-legal method, the theoretical-legal method, and a kind of legal hermeneutics.
Protection of Personal Data Processed in Artificial Intelligence Systems
Authors: Jędrzejczak Maria
Published: September 2024

The text undertakes an analysis of European Union regulations on the prevention of data protection breaches in AI systems, taking into account the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the draft AI Act. Legal guarantees for the protection of personal data processed in AI systems are sought in the general principles of the GDPR (in particular the principles of lawfulness, transparency, data minimisation and confidentiality) and the regulations on liability for data breaches. The conclusions of the analysis indicate that the implementation of the solutions contained in the current and proposed regulations may be hampered by the autonomy of some AI systems.
Is One Step Enough? Serious Illness as a Ground for Non-execution of a European Arrest Warrant
Authors: Biskupski Marcin
Published: September 2024

The subject of the commentary is the judgment of the Court of Justice regarding the possibility of non-execution of a European Arrest Warrant regarding a person suffering serious, chronic, and potentially irreversible illness. Since the Framework Decision on the European arrest warrant does not provide the ground for the non-execution of the warrant based on the threat to the health of the person concerned, the referring court was in doubt, whether such a premise can justify the non-execution of the warrant. The main legal problem dealt with in the commentary was the consideration of whether in such a case the executing judicial authority may refuse to execute such a warrant, and, if so, on what legal basis.
Analysis of the Mural at Duku Station Gate, West Sumatra, Reviewed from the Perspective of Symbolic Interactionism
Authors: Syahrul Syahfilna , - Suryanti , Rian Rica
Published: September 2024

This study “Analyzes the Mural at Duku West Sumatra Station Gate observation by symbolic interactionism”. Held in Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra. This research to find artistic functions (personal, social and physical) and the style (style) of the muralists mural, the way people respond to the meaning in the visual mural and the meaning affects their perception of the social message to be conveyed. The theory used by the analysis the perspective of the community interpreting the mural at the Gate of Duku West Sumatra station, using symbolic interactionism theory assumed that human create mean from process communication. This research will use a type of descriptive approach. Getting resource persons was carried out purposively, then respondents through a qualitative rating scale questionnaire. The process of analyzing interview data, observations, documents, and questionnaires with the Flow Chart Analysis technique by Miles and Huberman. The result of research be found 6 mural at the Station Duku and reaction responde by quetionnaires about mural mentioned. Be based on the result reflects the symbolic interactionism between the community and the mural, which mean the result the community with easier receive the meaning, interpreting social messages, assessing visual appearance, and seeing it as a representation of Minangkabau.
Integrated approach to determining the identity of the pollution of adjacent territories with oil products
Authors: Maryutina T. A. , Musina N. S. , Romanova Y. N.
Published: September 2024

The methodology of arranging laboratory studies of oil-contaminated soils, soils and bottom sediments to determine the source and composition of hydrocarbon contamination is described. The complex approach to laboratory analysis of samples of oil-contaminated soils, soils and bottom sediments is proposed, which allows a highly reliable identification of the potential source of contamination and/or making conclusions about the identity of the contamination of adjacent territories. The proposed complex of analytical methods includes infrared spectrometry, gas chromatography with mass-selective detection, thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection and elemental analysis (C, H, N, S, O). Application of the proposed integrated approach allows highly reliable determination of the nature of oil contamination of soils, estimation of the total gross content of oil products and their hydrocarbon composition, and identification of the potential source of pollution. Possible errors in the interpretation of the results of determining the identity of contamination of territories and the importance of using an integrated approach in drawing conclusions about the source (culprit) of pollution are shown using real soil samples taken from oil-contaminated objects and adjacent territories. The importance of taking into account the losses of volatile oil products at the stage of sample preparation for soil contamination with light oil fractions is demonstrated. The use of standard methods of sample preparation (drying of the samples under study) leads to errors in assessing the level of contamination of territories with volatile hydrocarbons and in the choice of methods of remediation of contaminated territories. To minimize losses of volatile hydrocarbons (petrol and naphtha fractions) at the stage of soil sampling and transportation the use of sorbent is proposed. Addition of a sorbent to the soil contaminated with oil products can reduce losses of volatile hydrocarbons by 15 – 20% in the analyzed samples. Application of the developed complex approach makes it possible to determine the features of the individual hydrocarbon composition, group and elemental composition of petroleum products and identify hydrocarbon indicators (markers) inherent only to a certain type of petroleum product.
Study of the microhardness ensuring the contact endurance of structural materials
Authors: Shehovtseva E. V.
Published: September 2024

The strength of the working surfaces of gears depends on the mechanical properties of the material and the quality of parts. We present the results of studying the strength of materials and working surfaces of a gear mechanism due to structural changes attributed to chemical and thermal treatment. The surface strength of the gears of gas turbine engines was studied. Nitrocementation and ion nitriding were used for chemical and thermal treatment of the contacting surfaces of steel samples under study (20Kh3MVF-Sh, 16Kh3NVFMB-Sh, 18Kh2H4MA, and 12Kh2H4A). Changes in the microhardness of the component layers (diffusion, transition and basic) of the toothed crown were analyzed. Metallographic analysis of the structure of materials was carried out to describe the factors determining the surface strength of working surfaces. Systematized data on the change in the microhardness of materials obtained experimentally in conditions of mass production are presented. Presented experimental results on changes in the mechanical properties of materials are based on data on the microhardness and structural state of the surface layers of the working profiles of gears. A comparative assessment of the surface strength of the studied samples during contact interaction was performed. The dependence of the surface strength on the multifactorial volumetric structure and structure formation of the material in the process of operation is determined. It is shown that the method of surface saturation forms the structure of a material with different mechanical properties accompanied with the formation of a transition zone having characteristic distinctive values of the hardness. The results obtained can be used in the design of gears, taking into account changes in the mechanical properties and structure of materials to ensure the necessary operational requirements.
Determination of selenium in polyheteroatomic organic compounds by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry
Authors: Petrakova S. Yu. , Tikhova V. D.
Published: September 2024

Currently, the problem of selenium determination in various objects attracts a large number of scientists. Interest in this area is attributed to the biological importance of selenium, since it is both an important nutrient and has a toxic effect on the body, depending on its amount and the properties of the compounds in which it is contained. Checking the purity of selenium-containing organic compounds (both determination of impurities and analysis of the basic composition), which is carried out by methods of elemental analysis, is an important task, however, in modern literature there is lack of information regarding this problem. The purpose of the presented study is to develop a method for the determination of selenium in the basic composition of synthetic polyheteroatomic organic compounds by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Various selenodiazole derivatives were mainly used for analysis. Optimal conditions for sample preparation and atomic emission determination of the selenium content were specified. To mineralize the substances under study, oxygen flask combustion was used with the addition of potassium nitrate, which improves combustion and prevents the formation of soot. Hydrochloric acid at a concentration of 0.1 M was used as an absorption solution. It is noted that before measurements it is necessary to purge the monochromator and optimize the pressure in the atomic emission spectrometer nebulizer and optimize pressure in the atomizer. In addition, the number of replicates and sampling time were increased to optimize selenium measurement. Under specified conditions, the metrological characteristics of the technique were determined: the detection limit and quantitation limit, intra-laboratory precision and accuracy. Selenium was determined in 11 synthetic organic compounds with selenium content ranged from 12 to 51%. The error of the analysis did not exceed 0.3%, which meets the requirements of organic elemental analysis.
Analysis of spectra of external impacts, reactions to them and limit states under the non-stationary modes of loading
Authors: Makhutov N. A. , Gadenin M. M.
Published: September 2024

It is noted that under real operating conditions of technical systems the so-called non-stationary loading in which external loadings increase or decrease arbitrarily is realized most often. At the same time final ratios between strains and stresses are of practical interest to engineering calculations. It is shown that for simple cyclic loadings the state equations in final ratios which are based on the theory of small elastic-plastic strains can be used. In this case the existence of the uniform generalized deformation diagram assuming a final relation between the corresponding components of stresses and strains both for initial and cyclic stages of deformation is essential for the analysis of considered conditions of a non-stationary cyclic loading. The analysis of conditions of achieving limit states at all stages of the life cycle the criteria base and the system of the computation equations become more complicated and more saturated by the factors taken into account and among them first external and internal impacts of natural, technogenic, anthropogenous origin, load from these impacts, and the reactions of installations to such impacts and loads as well. At the same time a set of criteria defining a limit state is presented in the form of a functional dependence characterizing a set of force and deformation parameters of the state of technical system on the one hand, and, on the other hand, a complex of criterion characteristics of constructional materials taking into account their change during operation. The most important step of determining conditions for achievement of the limit state causing fracture is establishing the critical parts that determine risks of emergency and catastrophic situations in which processes of local and main fractures are initiated. In this case transition of the operated installation from design area to the area of initiation of refusals, accidents and disasters occurs when the parameters of damage, defectiveness and risk reach their critical values.
Features of cavitation wear of chrome electrolytic coatings
Authors: Tsvetkov Yu. N. , Gorbachenko E. O. , Golitsyn V. A. , Cheblokov A. D.
Published: September 2024

Cavitation wear is a pervasive phenomenon on water transport. The parts of ship propulsion system as well as the water-cooled surface of cylinder liners of high-speed ship diesels are subjected to cavitation attack. Bright chromium deposits are used to protect the water-cooled surface of liners. Nevertheless, the effect of cracks appearing in the electrolytic chrome coating upon depositing on the cavitation resistance of coating is still an open relevant problem. The goal of the study is to analyze the kinetics and mechanism of the destruction of the bright chrome electrolytic deposit under cavitation attack. The cavitation resistance of chrome electrolytic coatings after grinding and after polishing was studied. The chrome electrolytic coatings were obtained on the plates (90 × 30 × 7 mm in size) made of cast iron SCh21. The chrome was deposited on one side (90 × 30 mm) of the plate placed vertically by flow anodic jet chrome plating in standard electrolyte (kg/m3): chrome anhydride — 250; sulfuric acid — 2.5; trivalent chrome — no more than 5; trivalent iron ions — no more than 10. The electrolyte was prepared using distilled water of a single distillation. The parameters of depositing: electrolyte temperature is 50°C; the current density amounts to 60 A/dm2. Four samples cut from the same plate were used. The coatings on the first two samples were ground using the abrasive paper number 320. The coatings on the second pair of samples were first ground successively on the abrasive paper of different grit: 320, 500, 800, 1000, and 1200, and then polished on the cloth with GOI paste. The cavitation wear tests were carried out on a magnetostrictive vibratory rig in fresh water, the frequency and amplitude of the rig horn vibration was equal to 22 kHz and 28 μm, respectively. The spacing between the chrome-plated sample surface and the horn butt was 0.5 mm. The wear of the samples was evaluated by periodical weighing during testing. The wear of the ground samples turned to be significantly higher, than that of polished samples. The photographs of the surface after different duration of the cavitation attack show that the initial cracks formed on the coating during chrome plating are the centers of cavitation destruction. To reduce the negative impact of initial cracks on the cavitation resistance of the bright chrome electrolytic coatings deposited on the water-cooled surface of the cylinder liners of diesels it is shown expedient to include polishing in the technological process of depositing chrome coatings.
Peran Influencer dalam Investasi Cryptocurrency: Literasi Keuangan Digital Mediator ataukah Moderator?
Authors: Wijaya Lientang , Kusuma I Gede Wahyu Artha , Khouroh Umu
Published: September 2024

In the context of significant growth in cryptocurrency in Indonesia, investment influencers on social media often provide information that affects investment behavior. Digital financial literacy becomes crucial in ensuring wise investment decisions, especially in understanding the risks and potential benefits of cryptocurrency. This research explores the role of influencers in cryptocurrency investments in Indonesia, with a focus on digital financial literacy as a mediating factor. Data were collected using a survey method with a sample of 100 respondents. Data analysis employed SEM-PLS. The study results indicate that influencers and digital financial literacy affect cryptocurrency investment decisions. Digital financial literacy acts as a mediator, not a moderator. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive financial education in addressing this increasingly popular investment trend.
Features of preeclampsia in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kozlovskaya N. L. , Alekseeva M. V. , Apresyan S. V. , Demyanova K. A. , Lugovoy A. O. , Korotchaeva Yu. V. , Chegodaeva A. G. , Gabrielyan A. R.
Published: September 2024

Aims: to study the characteristics of preeclampsia (PE) in women with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to PE in the general population.

Method: a prospective observational study analyzed the course of PE in 24 women with a previously established diagnosis of CKD (Group 1) and 39 women in the general population (Group 2) without a complicating somatic history. In patients with CKD with a known pregestational creatinine level, the physiological response of the kidneys to pregnancy was assessed, defined as a decrease in serum creatinine by more than 10% in the first trimester. The angiogenic ratio (sFlt-1/PLGF) was studied in 13 patients with CKD.

Results: the two groups did not differ in age or parity. In the first group, 16 patients had CKD stage 1-2, 5 had CKD 3A, and one patient each had CKD 3B, 4 and 5 (the later receiving hemodialysis). Nineteen (79%) of women with CKD had hypertension, proteinuria (PU), renal impairment or a combination of these factors before conception. Only 3 out of 16 patients had a physiological renal response. Early PE developed in 58.3% of patients with CKD compared to 35.3% in second group (p = 0.082). The duration of PE inversely correlated with the stage of CKD (r = -0.630; p = 0.001). As pregnancy progressed in patients with CKD, PU increased, reaching nephrotic level in 54% of women by the time of PE. HELLP syndrome or isolated hematological signs of TMA were noted in 8 patients in the general population group, and in 1 in the CKD group. The average sFlt-1/PLGF value in patients with early stages of CKD (n = 9) was 81.0±24.0, with late stages (n = 4) it was 14±8.

Conclusion: the study identified the features of PE in CKD: early onset, increased PU reaching nephrotic level in half of the cases by the time PE is diagnosed, and the absence of a histological renal response to pregnancy in the 1st trimester. The lack of changes in the angiogenic coefficient in women with PE and late-stage CKD requires further study in a larger group of patients.
Determinants of entrepreneurial intention towards digital adoption during crisis
Authors: Verkhovskaya Olga , Bogatyreva Karina , Borovitskaya Polina , Quansah Ewuradjoa
Published: September 2024

In the time of fast technology growth, digitalization is transforming the landscape of many businesses. However, the antecedents of digital adoption within small and medium-sized enterprises in crisis are yet not fully understood. This study’s objective is to pinpoint factors that influence entrepreneurs’ intentions to utilize digital technologies in times of COVID-19 crisis in the Russian Federation. The study is based on the theory of planned behaviour. The analytical procedures performed on the data involved logistic regression modelling. This research draws on the Russian part of the 2021 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Database (GEM) Adult Population Survey which measures the level and nature of entrepreneurial activity in different countries. Perceived behavioural control was revealed to be a key determinant of the intention towards digital technologies’ adoption – entrepreneur’s perception of opportunities and self-efficacy positively affects their intention to adopt digital technologies during a crisis. Notably, previous experience with digital technologies had a negative impact during the crisis. Further, an individual’s age inversely affects their tendency to pursue digital entrepreneurial initiatives. The research extends the theory of planned behaviour to volatile contexts and signals how entrepreneurs can adapt to upheavals during crises through digitalization, thus advancing understanding of entrepreneurial behaviour under extremities.
Determinants of consumer buying decisions: Evidence from Azerbaijani coffee shop market
Authors: Mansurzada Mir Kanan , Huseynli Bahman
Published: September 2024

In a highly competitive Azerbaijani coffee shop market, knowing what drives consumer behaviour is crucial for marketers and businesses looking to separate out from the competition and encourage customer loyalty. The article examines the effects of brand image, product quality and price on consumer purchase intention. The study is based on marketing theory, consumer behavior theory and the concept of customer-centric marketing. The methods of logical-structural, quantitative, factor and regression analysis are used. Within the scope of the research, the data were collected through an online questionnaire. The data set of the study is represented by data from an online survey of 298 customers of coffee shops in the city of Baku, collected in the period April-May 2023. According to the findings of the study, brand image, product quality and price, which are independent variables, have a significant and positive effect on the dependent variable, the purchase intention. The results contribute to the understanding that businesses need to focus on building a strong brand image in order to increase consumer purchase intention. By gaining a deeper comprehension of the factors influencing the purchasing decisions of customers, businesses can create more effective marketing campaigns, increase their market share, develop a solid market position and build consumer loyalty in an increasingly competitive environment. The study adds to the ongoing discussion about customer-centric marketing by throwing new insight on the elements that influence consumer behaviour.
PARTIAL VALIDATION OF THE CHROMATO-MASS-SPECTROMETRIC METHODOLOGY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CARBON SULFUR IN INFUSION MEDICINES
Authors: Selyutin O.A. , Shatalov D.O. , Pisarev D.I. , Novikov O.O. , Zhilyakova E.T. , Chichulina V.V. , Gromakova A.I. , Davydova V.N. , Sahno N.V.
Published: September 2024

Relevance. Nowadays the standardization and control of medicines to provide the consumer with high-quality pharmaceutical products is an im-portant issue. The use of parenteral medicines is associated with the potential risk of exposure to the patient's body of carbon disulfide, which is con-tained in rubber plugs and can pose a serious health hazard. The purpose of this article is to conduct partial validation of the developed methodology for quantification of carbon disulfide impurities in infusion dosage forms by chromato-mass spectrometry. Material and methods. The model solution was the drug "Reopoliglyukin, solution for infusion" (JSC BIOCHEMIK, Russia). Methyl ethyl sulfide, 99% (NevaReaktiv, Russia) was used as an internal standard. The measurements were carried out on a chromatography-mass spectrometer model GCMS-QP2010 Ultra, manufactured by Shimadzu, Japan. Results. The process of sample preparation is described, also the acceptance criteria for determining specificity, linearity, accuracy and limit of quan-tification were set. The chromatograms and results obtained for the model sample "Rheopolyglucin, solution for infusion" are presented, the coinci-dence of the peak areas in terms of retention times for the model sample and carbon disulfide, as well as the internal standard, allows us to state that the method meets the requirements for the "Specificity" indicator. The necessary calculations were made to confirm that the analytical methodology is linear. The limit of quantitation was found experimentally by means of a series of dilutions. The correctness was confirmed using the method of ad-ditions. Conclusion. The measures taken made it possible to carry out a partial validation of the analytical methodology for determining carbon disulfide im-purities in infusion drugs. It has been determined that all the results obtained meet the indicated acceptance criteria within the selected range of char-acteristics. Also, it was confirmed that in the indicated concentrations, the methodology has no system error.