bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysing Extreme Risk in the South African Financial Index (J580) using the Generalised Extreme Value Distribution
Authors: Chikobvu Delson , Jakata Owen
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to model the probabilistic behaviour of unusually large financial losses (extreme-risk)and gains of the South African Financial Index (J580). Risk is defined as uncertainty in return in this paper. This study makes use of Extreme Value Theory (EVT) for the period years: 1995-2018 to build models that are used to estimate extreme losses and gains. The quarterly block maxima/minima of monthly returns are tted to the Generalised Extreme Value Distribution (GEVD). Return levels (maximum loss/gain) based on the parameters from the GEVD are estimated. A comparative analysis with the Generalised Pareto Distribution (GPD) is carried out. The study reveals that EVT provides an efficient method of forecasting potentially high risks in advance. The conclusion is that analysing extreme risk in the South African Financial Index helps investors understand its riskness better and manage to reduce the risk exposure in this portfolio.
Methodology for synthesis of neural network diagnostic models of complex technical objects
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Grachev V. V. , Grishchenko A. V. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Kruchek V. A. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Bazilevsky F. Yu. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Schwartz M. A. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Schwartz F. M. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University
Published: December 2020

Despite the vast experience of using the neural networks for solving various machine learning problems, the numerous attempts to use them in technical diagnostics have not yet led to complete solutions so far (with rare exceptions). The reason is the specific nature of technical diagnostics that distinguishes such tasks from traditional machine learning problems. Having analyzed these specific features, the authors propose an approach to diagnosing complex technical objects that is focused on the use in built-in diagnostics systems and is based on the neural network reference diagnostic models of functionally isolated nodes and assemblies. The article describes the methodology for the synthesis of such models, their training on the data obtained by monitoring the object being tested using built-in diagnostic tools, determining the permissible response errors, and adapting to the current status of the object. The fuzzification of the diagnostic model results using the test sample proposed in the article makes it possible to standardize the approach to diagnosing complex technical objects designed for various purposes. The use of D. Trigg’s tracking control signal proposed by the authors to monitor regression residuals during the learning increases the training quality and generalization ability of models. The value of this signal determined by the model run on a test sample is an additional informative diagnostic parameter that increases the accuracy of classifying the status of the object under test. The proposed methodology applied at the complex technical object design stage allows optimizing the monitored parameters’ array and multiplying the efficiency of the diagnostic information recorded by the built-in diagnostic and monitoring tools.
Structural principles of a universal platform for continuous monitoring of the technical condition of infrastructure facilities
Authors:   OOO NTTs “Kompleksnyye sistemy monitoringa”, Osadchiy G. V. , Shinkarenko A. V. ,   OOO RoboTeC, Plotnikov D. G. ,   Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Banite A. V. ,   Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the development of monitoring technologies for industrial and transport infrastructure facilities. The importance of monitoring systems for improving the engineering facility maintenance technologies, as well as the ability to determine pre-failure conditions, predict further changes, and determine the residual operating life, is noted. The authors analyze approaches to the implementation of monitoring systems from the point of view of an optimum confi guration. A list of criteria for evaluating the efficacy of the considered design approaches is provided. Recommendations are given for rational designing of monitoring systems and the optimal sequence of actions is determined for creating a universal platform for continuous monitoring of the condition of engineering facilities. The concept of a universal platform for continuous monitoring for infrastructure facilities in the construction, transport and industry is proposed
Kontekstualisasi Pemikiran Al-Farabi Menuju Indonesia yang Bahagia dan Negara Ideal
Authors: Yani Syamsiyani
Published: December 2020

The political upheaval that has been on display in Indonesia lately is increasingly showing the poor morality of society and the nation's civilization.  Al-F?rabi invites politics to achieve the existence of peace and happiness, one of which is the ideal state or al-Madinah al-F?dilah. This is where the goal of presenting the figure of the Islamic philosopher, al-F?rabi as a very famous figure who is famous for his thought ‘ara Ahl al-M?dinah. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative library research approach. A descriptive approach is a research method that aims to develop a theory of thought or figure. The aim is to reveal the reality of al-F?rabi's thinking in accordance with the reality in the field, from al-F?rabi's political thinking is expected to create an advanced Indonesian state, a happy and ideal country, especially for universal community life.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru PAI dalam Update Data Emis Oline Melalui BIMTEK Pada MGMP SMK Kabupaten Lombok Barat
Authors: _Sukman Sukman
Published: December 2020

This research aims to find out and provide understanding to PAI Teachers in updating online EMIS data. This research uses the method and design of school action carried out with a research procedure based on the Kemmis and Taggart principles. These four activities take place repeatedly in the form of cycles. From the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the ability of PAI teachers in updating data needs to be improved. Therefore, efforts were made to provide understanding through technical guidance. BIMTEK which is carried out by the group and individual techniques for Islamic Education Teachers in West Lombok Regency is proven to be able to improve the ability of teachers to fill in and update online EMIS. This is evidenced by an increase in the assessment of BIMTEK instruments for each teacher.
Nikolai Andreevich Chinakal: a Personality in Science Resume
Authors:   А. P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irina A. Krayneva
Published: December 2020

The unique personality and scientific biography of Nikolai Andreevich Chinakal (1888–1979), a scientist in the field of mining, a Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences make it relevant. He was the oldest among the members of the SB RAS and got his education before the October Revolution. He lived through change of epoch, turmoil of revolutions and wars, forced labour in a “sharaga”, scientific advances, technical failures and creative breakthroughs. This feature of his biography actualizes the ways of transiting a specialist from one social reality to another, where the profession determines the model of behavior. This transition required significant efforts since it was sometimes complicated by the historical context. The aim of the research is to study the mentality of the actor in science whose professional activity dominated over other social life imperatives. Importantly, Chinakal’s work was connected with two geographic regions known for their major coal basins: the Donetsk Coal Basin, or Donbass, and Kuznetsk Coal Basin, or Kuzbass. The author highlights the characteristic features of these regions and shows how they affected the engineering and organizational decisions made by the scientist. The methodology and research methods are based on the theory of biography, activity-oriented aspect of the life of the history actor that depended strongly on his occupation, B. Latour’s actor-network theory, systematic approach to studying the natural character of causality and network connections of the “scientist-science-object” structure examined in this work. N. A. Chinakal was actively involved in starting academic science in Siberia. For 28 years, he was a director of the Institute of Mining in the West-Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which later became part of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The authority and academic status of the director were of great importance for the institute staff. Equally important was the stability provided by Chinakal’s leadership. In our time, stability is very much in demand, although there is an imbalance of stability and instability, which is felt by the staff of the Institute of Mining. Keywords: science in Siberia, mining, Institute of Mining Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolai Andreevich Chinakal, personality in science
Malvengewächse der Nebelwüsten Chiles und Perus
Authors: Schneider Julio Valentin , Huertas Marilú L.
Published: December 2020

Die Nebeloasen der chilenisch-peruanischen Küstenwüste sind ein einzigartiges Ökosystem, in dem die Pflanzen nahezu ausschließlich von der im Nebel enthaltenen Feuchtigkeit versorgt werden. Eine der artenreichsten und bestandsprägenden Pflanzenfamilien in diesemÖkosystem sind die Malvaceen, die in vielerlei Hinsicht an die dort herrschenden Umweltbedingungen angepasst sind und etliche attraktive Arten stellen. Ausgewählte Vertreter dieser Familie werden hier vorgestellt.
neuer Fund von Rhizanthes infanticida (Rafflesiaceae) in West-Sumatra
Authors: Zahorka Herwig
Published: December 2020

Im Juli 2007 wurden drei Rhizanthes-Knospen am Osthang des Malintang Massives, West Pasaman (West-Sumatra) im ungestörten Primärwald zwischen 1100 und 1200mHöhe gefunden. Die größere Knospe war teilweise geöffnet und zeigte zwei Perianth-Lappen mit wurmförmigem Anhängsel. Es handelt sich dabei um Rhizanthes infanticida. Die Fundorte vieler Rhizanthes-Exemplare sind leider mittlerweile zerstört.
Islands Pflanzenwelt zwischen Feuer und Eis, Teil 2: Vegetationstypen
Authors: Steinecke Karin , Steinecke Hilke
Published: December 2020

Island hat eine abwechslungsreiche Landschaft mit Bergen, langen Küsten, Gletschern, Lavafeldern und (aktiven) Vulkanen. An die unterschiedlichen Standorte sind verschiedene Pflanzen angepasst und es haben sich diverse Vegetationstypen ausgebildet. Trotz der gigantischen, noch sauber und intakt erscheinenden Natur gibt es in Island eine Reihe von Umweltproblemen. Erosion aufgrund von Überbeweidung durch zu viele Schafe ist ein Hauptproblem. Die verschiedenen Vegetationstypen mit ihren charakteristischen Pflanzen sowie ihre Gefährdung werden zusammengefasst.
Klebrige Nascherei für Rüsselspringer: Elephantulus edwardii als Bestäuber von Whiteheadia bifolia
Authors: Wester Petra
Published: December 2020

Nachdem Whiteheadia bifolia (Pagoden-Lilie, Hyacinthaceae) vor kurzem in Südafrika als nagerbestäubt identifiziert wurde, wird jetzt der Kap-Rüsselspringer (Elephantulus edwardii, Ordnung Macroscelidea) als weiterer Bestäuber beschrieben. Nahe Whiteheadia-Pflanzen gefangene Tiere wurden in zwei Terrarien gegeben, welche die Pflanzen enthielten. Während die Rüsselspringer Nektar mit ihren langen dünnen Zungen aufleckten, wurden sie mit Pollen eingestäubt und berührten die Narben der Blüten mit ihren langen und beweglichen Nasen. Die gefangenen Tiere hatten W. bifolia-Pollenkörner in ihrem Kot, vermutlich als Resultat des Fellputzens, da sie die Blüten besuchten, ohne sie zu fressen oder zu zerstören. Dies ist die erste Beobachtung von Bestäubung und Nektarkonsum beim vorwiegend insektivoren Kap-Rüsselspringer.
Wilde Natur im nördlichen Kaukasus – Eindrücke einer internationalen Sammelexpedition
Authors: Alexeeva Nina , Firsov Gennady , Shilnikov Dmitry
Published: December 2020

Der Kaukasus ist einer der Hotspots der Artenvielfalt. Es gibt dort viele Endemiten sowie bedrohte Arten. Es ist interessant, diese Pflanzen in Kultur zu nehmen. Wichtig ist aber der Schutz ihrer natürlichen Standorte. Eine internationale Expedition, bei der Samen von Wildpflanzen gesammelt wurden, konnte im September 2011 durchgeführt werden. Die aus den Samen heranzuziehenden Pflanzen sollen die Lebendsammlungen verschiedener botanischer Gärten in Russland, Deutschland, Schweden und China bereichern. Dabei handelt es sich ausschließlich um gut dokumentierte Proben der Kaukasus-Flora vom Wildstandort.
Rosmarin – mediterranes Flair für mitteleuropäische Gärten
Authors: Buch Corinne
Published: December 2020

Rosmarin ist als beliebtes Küchenkraut und als Wildpflanze von Reisen in den Mittelmeerraum bekannt. Seine Verwendung als Gewürz, vor allem aber auch als Heilpflanze, hat eine lange Tradition. Darüber hinaus ist Rosmarin noch bis heute Bestandteil zahlreicher Mythen und Bräuche.
Stachyurus praecox – Japanischer Perlschweif, eine attraktive Alternative zu Forsythien
Authors: Dörken Veit Martin , Höggemeier Annette
Published: December 2020

Stachyurus praecox ist eine japanische Strauchart, die sich gut als Solitär in Gärten und Parkanlagen eignet. Im zeitigen Frühjahr beeindruckt sie durch einen reichen, hellgelben Blütenflor. Die Art ist eine elegante Alternative zu den allgegenwärtigen Forsythien und verdient mehr Beachtung bei der Pflanzenwahl für die Gestaltung von Parks und Gärten.
Leberblümchen (Hepatica nobilis), Blume des Jahres 2013
Authors: Baumann Kurt
Published: December 2020

Das Leberblümchen (Hepatica nobilis) ist Blume des Jahres 2013. Biologie, Ökologie und Nutzen als Heilpflanzen werden vorgestellt.
Brieftauben und ein verschollenes Teestrauchgewächs –wie der Botanische Garten Frankfurt am Main zu einer Pflanzenrarität kam
Authors: Wessel Manfred
Published: December 2020

Franklinia alatamaha ist eine herbstliche Attraktion im Botanischen Garten Frankfurt am Main. Die Geschichte dieser Pflanze, ihre Ökologie und Botanik werden erläutert und die interessanten Episoden der Frankfurter Zeit von Prof. Dr. Klaus Schmidt-Koenig werden vorgestellt.
Besuch in den Königlichen Gewächshäusern in Laeken (Brüssel)
Authors: Steinecke Hilke , Wöber Willi
Published: December 2020

Die Königlichen Gewächshäuser in Laeken wurden zwischen 1874 und 1905 gebaut. Der große Gewächshauskomplex wurde von König Leopold II., Sohn des ersten belgischen Königs Leopold I., in Auftrag gegeben. Die Königlichen Gewächshäuser sind für die Öffentlichkeit jedes Jahr von Mitte April bis Anfang Mai geöffnet. Palmenhaus, Wintergarten und die anderen beeindruckenden Gewächshäuser beherbergen eine umfangreiche Pflanzensammlung. Manche der Palmen, Kamelien und Zitrusgewächse gehen auf die ursprüngliche Sammlung von Leopold II. zurück und sind 150-200 Jahre alt. Die die Häuser verbindenden Galerien sind üppigst mit großen und alten Fuchsienpflanzen geschmückt. Die Gewächshäuser inklusive ihrer Geschichte, Architektur und Pflanzen werden vorgestellt.
Palmetum von Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Authors: Scholz Stephan
Published: December 2020

Seit 1996 wird in Santa Cruz (Teneriffa) ein Palmetum auf einer ehemaligen Müllhalde aufgebaut. Im Januar 2014 wurde es für die Öffentlichkeit freigegeben. Die Entstehungsgeschicht des Parks sowie seine wichtigsten Palmen werden vorgestellt.
Schützenswerte seltene Baumarten im Randbereich des Botanischen Gartens Frankfurt
Authors: Grasmück Hans
Published: December 2020

Seit 2012 gehört der Botanische Garten zumPalmengarten der Stadt Frankfurt, wohingegen das benachbarte Grundstück mit den ehemaligen Institutsgebäuden dem Land Hessen gehört. Auf diesem Grundstück stehen auch einige wertvolle Gehölze, die bei weiteren Planungen berücksichtigt und nach Möglichkeit erhalten werden sollten.
Botanische Garten von Orotava auf Teneriffa
Authors: Dörken Veit Martin , Steinecke Hilke
Published: December 2020

Der Botanische Garten in Orotava auf Teneriffa (Botánico) wurde im 18. Jahrhundert als Akklimatisierungsgarten angelegt. Pflanzen aus tropischen Gebieten sollten an das Klima in Spanien gewöhnt werden und einige von ihnen später am spanischen Hof in Madrid ausgepflanzt werden. Dementsprechend enthält der Garten viele alte Gehölze, darunter einen riesigen Feigenbaum (Ficus macrophylla ssp. columnaris) mit vielen Luftwurzeln. Die Geschichte des Gartens und sein Pflanzenbestand werden vorgestellt.
Strasburgeria robusta, ein seltener Endemit Neu-Kaledoniens
Authors: Nimsch Hubertus , Dörken Veit Martin
Published: December 2020

Die Pflanzenwelt Neukaledoniens hat sich unter einer ca. 100 Millionen Jahren fortwährender Isolation entwickelt und zahlreiche seltene Endemiten hervorgebracht. Einer davon ist die immergrüne Baumart Strasburgeria robusta. Dessen Morphologie und Biologie werden nachfolgend vorgestellt.
einzigartiger Tannen-Hain auf Kamtschatka
Authors: Neshatayeva Valentina Y. , Firsov Gennady , Orlova Larisa V. , Fet Galina N.
Published: December 2020

Die Kamtschatka-Silber-Tanne (Abies gracilis) ist eine extrem seltene und bedrohte Art auf Kamtschatka und bildet dort einen kleinen Hain. Die Art, ihre Ökologie sowie systematische Stellung werden beschrieben. Der Ursprung dieser Tanne wird diskutiert, möglicherweise handelt es sich um einen voreiszeitlichen Relikt-Endemiten. Die Gründe, warum die Art überleben konnte, sind noch nicht im Detail untersucht und bleiben unklar. Vermutlich halten sich deshalb in wissenschaftlicher und populärer Literatur verschiedene unfundierte Hypothesen und Mythen zur Herkunft der Kamtschatka-Silber-Tanne. In den letzten Jahren hat die Bedrohung dieses einzigartigen Tannen-Bestandes durch den Menschen zugenommen. Abies gracilis muss deshalb genauer erforscht und ihr Bestand strenger geschützt werden, sowohl national als auch international.
Waldkiefer (Pinus sylvestris) – Baum des Jahres 2007
Authors: Baumann Kurt
Published: December 2020

Die Waldkiefer (Pinus sylvestris) ist Baum des Jahres 2007. Ihre Biologie, Ökologie und Nutzung werden vorgestellt.
Botanischer Garten Bodrum – Kleinod an der türkischen Ägäisküste
Authors: König Peter , Brähmer Cornelia , Gräf Katharina
Published: December 2020

In Bodrum (Türkei) wird im Jahr 2003 ein neuer Botanischer Garten eröffnet. Er könnte ein beliebtes Ziel für Touristen sowie ein wichtiges Bildungsangebot auch für Schüler werden. Im Garten werden besonders mediterrane Pflanzen und ihr Nutzen gezeigt.
Erfahrungen mit der Kultur von Säulenkakteen
Authors: Kunisch Horst
Published: December 2020

Im Palmengarten werden verschiedene Säulenkakteen gehalten. Erfahrungen mit ihrer Kultur werden vorgestellt. Nach der neuen Verglasung des Gewächshausdaches sind die Lichtverhältnisse und das dadurch beeinflusste Wachstum der Kakteen deutlich verbessert.
Projekt „Kinder im Garten“ – eine Modell-Bildungsstätte für Kinder im Alter von drei bis sechs Jahren
Authors: Brunken Ulrike , Klar Cornelia
Published: December 2020

Im Palmengarten Frankfurt gibt es seit Februar 2009 eine Modell-Bildungsstätte speziell für Kinder im Alter von drei bis sechs Jahren. Das Konzept, die Einrichtung der Räumlichkeiten sowie Inhalte und Abläufe der Bildungsangebote werden vorgestellt.
Vogel-Kirsche (Prunus avium L.) – Baum des Jahres 2010
Authors: Dörken Veit Martin
Published: December 2020

Die Vogel-Kirsche (Prunus avium) ist Baum des Jahres 2010. Ihre Biologie, Ökologie und ihr Nutzen werden vorgestellt.
Erdbeerbäume
Authors: Markwirth Jennifer , Steinecke Hilke
Published: December 2020

Die kugeligen, rot-orange gefärbten Früchte der Erdbeerbäume (Arbutus) erinnern auf den ersten Blick an Erdbeeren, haben aber weder geschmacklich noch anatomisch oder systematisch etwas mit diesen gemein. In der Neuen sowie der Alten Welt gibt es insgesamt 11 Arbutus-Arten, die vor allem im Mittelmeerraum und Mexiko vorkommen. Es handelt sich um immergrüne Sträucher und Bäume mit meist auffällig roter Rinde, die sich schuppenartig vom Stamm löst. Im Palmengarten vertreten sind recht große Exemplare des Amerikanischen Erdbeerbaums (Arbutus menziesii) und des Westlichen Erdbeerbaums (Arbutus unedo).
Auswirkungen des extrem heißen Sommers 2018: Ein kurzer Erfahrungsbericht aus dem Palmengarten, Stand August 2018
Authors: N N
Published: December 2020

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Lebensraum Hecken
Authors: Seitz Stephanie
Published: December 2020

Hecken sind wichtig für Menschen und viele Tiere. Ihre Entwicklung und Aufbau werden beschrieben. Einige typische Heckengehölze wie Schlehe und Weißdorn werden kurz vorgestellt.
Veit Martin Dörken & Hubertus Nimsch: A monograph of leaf characters in the genus Abies (Abitoideae, Pinaceae)
Authors: Steinecke Hilke
Published: December 2020

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Unberührte Vegetation am Oberlauf des Kolyma
Authors: Mochalova Olga , Firsov Gennady
Published: December 2020

Der Kolyma ist einer der größten Flüsse in Nordostasien. Da das Gebiet kaum besiedelt ist, trifft man entlang des Flusses auf unberührte Natur und ursprüngliche Pflanzengemeinschaften. Im Schwemmland siedeln kurzlebige Gemeinschaften. Auf den höheren Flussterrassen gedeihen Gebüsche und Wälder aus Weiden, Pappeln, Lärchen oder Birken. Verschiedene Pflanzengemeinschaften am Oberlauf des Kolyma-Flusses werden vorgestellt.
Heiliger Wald – oder der Park der Monster in Bomarzo/Italien
Authors: Steinecke Hilke , Schubert Peter
Published: December 2020

Der Park Sacro Bosco oder Parco dei Mostri liegt etwa 80 km nördlich von Rom bei Bomarzo. Er wurde im 16. Jahrhundert von Vicino Orsini in Auftrag gegeben. Riesige aus Stein gehauene Skulpturen erwarten den Besucher in dem waldartigen Park. Es sind vor allem Wesen aus der griechischen und römischen Mythologe wie der Höllenhund Cerberus oder das geflügelte Pferd Pegasus. Über die Grenzen Italiens hinaus bekannt ist der riesige Kopf von Orcus mit seinem begehbaren Maul, dem Höllenschlund.
Eidechsen als Nektartrinker – erste Beobachtungen auf dem afrikanischen Festland
Authors: Wester Petra
Published: December 2020

Als Wirbeltiere, die Blüten bestäuben, kennt man in Südafrika Vögel und Kleinsäuger. Beim Video-Monitoring von Pflanzen, die an bestäubende Kleinsäuger angepasst sind, wurden Eidechsen an der Ananaslilie (Eucomis regia) und an Massonia grandiflora (beides Asparagaceae) beobachtet. Der Kap-Gürtelschweif (Hemicordylus capensis, Cordylidae) und der Namaqua-Taggecko (Rhoptropella ocellata, Gekkonidae) leckten Nektar, berührten die Reproduktionsorgane der Blüten und wurden dabei mit Pollenauf dem Kopf eingestäubt. Folglich ist es sehr wahrscheinlich, dass die Eidechsen zur Bestäubung der Blüten beitragen. Blütenbestäubung durch Eidechsen ist ein sehr seltenes Phänomen und ist weitgehend auf Inseln beschränkt. Dies sind die ersten Beobachtungen von nektartrinkenden Eidechsen auf dem afrikanischen Festland.
Dreizähniges Knabenkraut (Neotinea tridentata), Orchidee des Jahres 2019
Authors: Lohr Mathias , Margenburg Bernd
Published: December 2020

Das Dreizähnige Knabenkraut (Neotinea tridentata) ist Orchidee des Jahres 2019. Die Art ist im Mittelmeerraum weit verbreitet, kommt stellenweise, so auch in Hessen, aber auch in Deutschland vor. Hier ist es eine gefährdete Art. Es gibt natürliche Hybriden zwischen dem Dreizähnigen Knabenkraut und dem Brand-Knabenkraut (Neotinea ustulata), die beide erst seit kurzem aus der Gattung Orchis ausgegliedert und zur Gattung Neotinea gestellt wurden. Biologie und Ökologie dieser Orchidee werden vorgestellt.
Madeiras Levadaflora – botanische Entdeckungen für Genusswanderer
Authors: Götz Rolf
Published: December 2020

„Blumeninsel im Atlantik“ wird die portugiesische Insel gerne genannt. Die ausgedehnten Lorbeerwälder mit artenreicher Begleitflora gehören zum Weltnaturerbe der UNESCO. Das Gebiet wird von einem dichten Netz von schmalen Wasserkanälen (Levadas) durchzogen. Für Naturliebhaber und Wanderer sind die Wege entlang der Kanäle eine bequeme Möglichkeit, tief in die subtropischen Bergwälder vorzudringen. Vorgestellt werden drei Levadawege, die exemplarisch mit der facettenreichen Flora Madeiras bekannt machen.
Rita Lüder: Grundlagen der Feldbotanik. Familien und Gattungen einheimischer Pflanzen
Authors: Steinecke Hilke
Published: December 2020

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Esskastanie – Castanea sativa (Fagaceae)
Authors: Hetzel Ingo , Jagel Armin
Published: December 2020

Die Esskastanie (Castanea sativa) ist in wärmeren Gebieten Deutschlands eingebürgert. Genutzt werden vor allem ihre nahrhaften Früchte. Biologie, Ökologie, Nutzung und Symbolik der Art werden vorgestellt.
Unboxing the Design of English as a Second Language (ESL) Learning Video Game for Indigenous Learners: An Empathic Designbased Approach
Authors: Wan Mahzan Mohd Syazwan , Alias Nor Aziah , Ismail Izaham Shah
Published: December 2020

A learning application that can conjure meaningful learner experiences has always been the ultimate aim for any design and development initiative. Instructional designer longs for not only considerably rich inputs from expert members in design stage but those inputs ought to be sensitive to cognitive and emotional learner experiences, illuminating the core concept of empathic design which is deep reflection on how targeted learners impacted by the design would react when engaging with the proposed design solutions. This exploratory qualitative method study examined how subject matter experts empathised the cognitive and emotional experiences of the indigenous learners when they were designing a learning video game that aimed to heighten learning engagement in ESL classroom. A semi-structured interview with six experts was conducted. Once the proposed technology was ready for formative evaluation, one-to-one evaluation was conducted on three targeted learners to assess their usability experience. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the interview verbatim transcriptions and one-to-one evaluation qualitative notes. The design findings indicate that the experts transformed the learner cognitive and emotional experiences for the learning video game design in the form of seven design principles and the evaluation findings show that there is a congruence between the effectiveness of those principles and the learner usability experience.
ESG-driven approach to managing insurance companies’ sustainable development
Authors: Khovrak Inna
Published: December 2020

Environmental, social and governance criteria (ESG) are considered to be the main factors in measuring the sustainability and ethical impact of companies. This article focuses on comparing the ability of insurance companies to use an ESG-driven approach to managing their sustainable development. The study is conducted using comparative analysis, statistical analysis, and a case study method. The study compares six ESG Ratings on four main criteria (dependent variables, independent variables, scale type, sample), that allows choosing the most appropriate rating for the analysis of insurance companies. As a result, 156 insurance companies are compared by the level of ESG risk (low ESG risk – 24 companies, medium ESG risk – 111 companies, high ESG risk – 21 companies) and by geographical affiliation (26 countries) using descriptive statistics. The assessment of effectiveness of the ESG-driven approach to managing sustainable development of insurance companies is carried out on the example of 16 companies by comparing their non-financial reporting (the sample is selected based on of the annual report for 2019-2020). The study identifies the most common guidelines for report development, as well as components of the ESG-driven approach: environmental (waste and pollution, climate change, energy efficiency), social (workforce and diversity, customer engagement, communities), governance (code and values, reporting, risk management). The study systematizes the best practices of insurance companies for applying the ESG-driven approach to manage their sustainable development and highlights the need for insurance companies to improve their reporting and disclosure practices related to the development of the ESG-driven approach.
AcknowledgmentComments from the Editor and anonymous referees have been gratefully acknowledged.
Investigation of ACE rs4646994, MTHFR rs1801133 and VDR rs2228570 Genotypes in Jordanian Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Authors: Khalil Raida , Al-Awaida Wajdy J. , Al-Ameer Hamzeh J. , Jarrar Yazun , Imraish Amer , Al Bawareed Omar , Qawadri Rand , Al Madhoon Farah , Obeidat Loiy
Published: December 2020

Background:

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic disease characterized by widespread body pain,
weakness in certain parts of the body (critical points), low pain tolerance, sleep disturbances, and fatigue. This syndrome is
considered rare in Jordan.

Objectives:

The research aimed to find out the association of the angiotensin converting enzyme, methylenetetrahydrofolate
reductase, and vitamin D receptor (ACE, MHFTR, and VDR, respectively) genotypes with FMS among Jordanian patients.

Methods:

This work included 22 FM patients and 22 healthy individuals of Jordanian Arabic origin. The ACE rs4646994,
MTHFR rs1801133, and VDR rs2228570 genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by
restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results:

No associations between ACE rs4646994, MTHFR rs1801133, and VDR rs2228570 with the vulnerability of a
person for the development of FMS were found. However, we found an association between the ACE rs4646994 genotype
and restless leg among FM patients.

Conclusion:

Based on result from this study, it appears that the ACE rs4646994 genotype is associated with restless leg
among FMS patients of Jordanian origin. Further clinical investigations with larger sample sizes are required to confirm
these findings and to understand the molecular mechanism of ACE rs4646994 genetic variant in the restless leg syndrome
among FM patients.
Gender Comparison of Students’ Perception of Educational Environment using DREEM Inventory, College of Dentistry, Jazan University
Authors: Al Moaleem Mohammed M. , Shubayr Mosa A. , Aldowsari Mannaa K. , Al-Ahmari Manea M. , Al Ahmari Nasser M. , Alshadidi Abdulkhaliq A.
Published: December 2020

Background:

The Educational Environment (EE) has an extremely important role in effective student learning. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) is a validated and widely tool to assess the EE in health and particularly in dental professional education programs.

Objective:

This study aimed to compare male and female dental students' perception regarding DREEM inventory of EE in Jazan University. A cross-sectional questionnaire included questions on demographic information and the DREEM of EEs.

Methods:

DREEM was used to gather information from our BDS students’ program about the environment in our institution. The data were selected from 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th year students. Data from 330 participants were distributed manually. Other factors such as type of graduated school, level of education, student’s GPA, and monthly income of family were assessed. All the data were analyzed.

Results:

286 (86%) of the students completed and returned the DREEM questionnaires. There was no statistically significant difference between genders with respect to mean scores of perceptions of learning. Also, there was a significant difference in terms of educational level, but no significant differences were observed in the DREEM subscales. The average overall DREEM score of the study subjects indicated a positive learning perception of 130.8 for males and 130.2 for females. The subscale for both genders involved students’ perception of learning as 32.1, the students’ perception of teaching as 29.1, while the students’ academic self-perception was 21.7. The students’ self-perception of atmosphere was 30.0 while students’ social self-perception accounted for 17.5.

Conclusion:

Both gender students recorded positive values of the learning environment. Further, a qualitative investigation is recommended to be done on every single course to evaluate the changes and make necessary alterations.
Polyphenols as Potential Therapeutics for Pain and Inflammation in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Iqubal Ashif , Ahmed Musheer , Iqubal Mohammad K. , Pottoo Faheem H. , Haque Syed E.
Published: December 2020

Spinal cord injury (SCI) and associated pain and inflammation caused by trauma or infection
are serious health care issues world-wide. The various inflammatory, redox-sensitive and
apoptotic events are contributing factors, but altered neuronal function, axonal degeneration, activated
microglia, endothelial cells, astrocytes, fibroblasts, pericytes, Schwann cells, and meningeal
cells are major players in its pathogenesis. Further, monocytes and neutrophil infiltration get recruited
and facilitate the release of chemokines, cytokines, and other mediators of inflammation.
This event leads to the production of different amino acids, neuropeptides kinin, prostaglandins,
prostacyclin, thromboxane, leukotrienes, bradykinin, histamine, matrix metal proteinases, and serotonin
that stimulate nerve endings and manifest the inflammation and pain processes, etc. Arachidonic
acid (AA), NF-kB, NLRP3 inflammasome, and nitric oxide pathways along with P2X7 receptor
and ion channel transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid are some of the recently explored
targets for modulation of pain and inflammation in SCI. Till now, NSAIDs, opioids, antidepressants,
anticonvulsants, NMDA antagonists, α2-adrenergic agonists, and GABA-receptor agonists
are used for the management of these pathological conditions. However, these drugs are associated
with various side effects. Additionally, the number of available animal models for SCI has enhanced
the understanding of the complex pathological mechanisms involved in the generation of
chronic inflammatory pain in SCI. These findings enable us to identify and validate several potent
natural analgesic-anti-inflammatory drug candidates with minimal side effects. However, these
compounds have been studied in preclinical models and shown promising results, but no clinical
studies have been performed. Therefore, a detailed exploration of these natural compounds is important
for bringing them from bench to bedside.
A Cross-sectional Serological Study for Measles among Italian Medical Students in 2020
Authors: Marco Trabucco Aurilio , Iannuzzi I , Di Giampaolo L , Pietroiusti A , Ferrari C , Coppeta L
Published: December 2020

Background:

Measles is an infectious disease and a major health concern worldwide. Among individuals with a higher risk of exposure to measles, there are the Health Care Workers (HCWs), who may transmit the virus to other people. According to the Italian National Plan for Immunization and Prevention, all HCWs should have presumptive evidence of immunity to measles (documented two doses of MMR vaccination) or serological evidence of protective antibodies.

Aim:

The study aims to evaluate the immunological status, the vaccine coverage, and the protective IgG antibody titre for measles in medical students of the teaching hospital PoliclinicoTor Vergata (PTV).

Methods:

IgG measles antibodies titre was evaluated in a sample of 461 medical students undergoing annual health surveillance visits from January 1st to May 31th, 2020.

Results:

73.7% of medical students showed protective measles IgG antibody levels. The immunization rate was higher among subjects aged less than 25 years with respect to students aged over 25 years (77.4% vs. 66.4%; P <0,001). Furthermore, average antibody titre showed a statistically significant association with the age group (124,2 AU/ml for the age group 18-25 and 133,2 AU/ml among subjects aged 25 or more; P<0.001).

Conclusion:

Our study shows a non-protective measles IgG antibody titre, especially among the older students. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the serological levels, to vaccinate those subjects whose antibody level is not adequate, and promote the vaccination even in the general population.
25 Years of Putrajaya Engineered Landscapes: Trend and perspectives
Authors: Abdullah Jamalunlaili , Ahmad Raziah , Zainal Muhammad Hafiz
Published: December 2020

2020 is the 25th anniversary of Putrajaya, Malaysia's new Garden City administrative centre. But, the early development of this city has attracted critical views. This paper aims to examine Putrajaya's engineered landscapes' habitability and how they affect the quality of the living environment. The objective of this study is to identify the perceptions of professionals on these engineered landscapes and their contributions to users and the local community. It engages a descriptive analysis of webinar inputs by esteemed experts and professional respondents of an online survey. The results show that Putrajaya has potential as a planned green city model.
Keywords: Putrajaya; Garden City; landscape; administrative centre
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2361.
FOREX PİYASALARI İÇİN BAYES TEKNİĞİ İLE OTOMATİK AL/SAT SİNYALİ ÜRETİLMESİ
Authors: ÜNSAL Özkan , KAYA Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Kaldıraçlı döviz alım-satım piyasası, yaygın olarak bilinen ismiyle Forex veya FX, günlük 5,5 trilyon dolarlık işlem hacmiyle dünyanın en büyük para piyasasıdır. Forex piyasalarında fiyat yönünün tahmini ve işleme girme yöntemleri gelişen teknolojiye paralel olarak her geçen gün değişmekte ve geçmiş veriler ile eğitilerek karar verebilen robotların bu alanda etkisi giderek artmaktadır. Makine öğrenmesi, bilgisayarların geçmiş bilgilerden elde edilen tecrübelerden yararlanarak, gelecekteki olayları tahmin etmesine ve modelleme yapmasına imkân veren bir yapay zekâ alanıdır. Bu çalışmada, bir makine öğrenme tekniği olan “Naive Bayes“ algoritması kullanılarak, geçmişteki veriler ışığında güncel duruma uygun AL ya da SAT sinyali üreten ve bu yönde otomatik işlem açan bir robot geliştirilmiştir. Robot EUR/USD, GBP/USD, USD/JPY, USD/CHF, USD/CAD, GBP/JPY ve AUD/USD paritelerine ait geçmiş veriler üzerine uygulanmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar yorumlandığında Forex piyasaları için üretilen sinyallerin başarılı olduğu görülmüştür.
DERİN ÖĞRENME KULLANILARAK OPTİMUM JPEG KALİTE FAKTÖRÜNÜN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Emir , MESUT Altan
Published: December 2020

Görüntü verisinde sıkıştırma algoritmalarının kullanılması bir gereklilik haline gelmiştir. En çok kullanılan görüntü sıkıştırma algoritmalarından biri olan JPEG, görüntü üzerinde kayıplı bir sıkıştırma gerçekleştirmekte ve verilen kalite faktörüne göre bu kayıp değişmektedir. Düşük kalite faktörlerinde dosya boyutu küçülmekte fakat bozulma gözle görülür hale gelmektedir. Yüksek kalite faktörlerinde ise kalite artmakta fakat dosya boyutundan edilen sıkıştırma karı azalmaktadır. Bu sebeple hem görüntü kalitesini korumak hem de yer kazancı sağlamak için dosya boyutu ve görüntü kalitesi arasındaki dengenin sağlanması faydalı olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dosya boyutu ve görüntüdeki bozulmanın arasındaki oranın en iyi (optimum) olduğu kalite faktörünü derin öğrenme yöntemleri kullanarak belirlemektir. Yapılan çalışmada önerilen bir veri çıkarma yöntemi yoğun sinir ağları (dense neural networks) ile eğitilmiş ve yöntemin başarısı evrişimsel sinir ağları ile yapılan denemelerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Görüntüdeki bozulmanın hesaplanmasında SSIM (Structural Similarity Index) kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlarda önerilen yöntem kalite faktörünün belirlenmesinde CNN kullanılmasına göre %9.36 daha fazla doğruluk oranına sahip olmuştur.
HARİCİ REENFEKSİYONLARA BAĞLI TÜBERKÜLOZUN UYARLAMALI KALMAN FİLTRE TEMELLİ OPTİMAL KONTROLÜ
Authors: CETİN Meric , BEYHAN Selami
Published: December 2020

Tüberküloz gibi epidemiyolojik hastalıkları matematiksel modeller üzerinden incelemek hastalığın gelecekteki dinamiklerini yorumlamak için faydalıdır. Bu modellerin varlığında, hastalığı ortadan kaldırabilecek stratejileri hesaplamak mümkün olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, aktif tüberkülozlu, evde ya da hastanede tedavi edilen bireylerde ölçülemeyen tüberküloz dinamiklerini kontrol etmek için uyarlanabilir kokusuz bir Kalman filtre (UKKF) tabanlı optimal denetleyici tasarlanmıştır. Harici reenfeksiyona bağlı tüberküloz hastalarının evde ve hastanede tedavi görmeleri durumunun incelenmesi, optimal tedavi seçenekleri araştırılmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu sayede küçük bir bulaşıcı insan grubu varlığında bile hastalığın uzun vadede kalıcı olmasının önüne geçileceği düşünülmektedir. Tüberküloz modelinden elde edilen tahmin ve kontrol sonuçlarına göre, tasarlanan uyarlanabilir optimal denetleyicinin, bulaşıcı virüs taşıyan kişilerin eve ya da hastaneye geçişi için doğru kararlar verebilecek nitelikte olduğu kanısına varılmıştır.
DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF AIR CHAMBERS ON RUBBER INSULATION IN AUTOMOTIVE PARTS FOR SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT AND TRANSMISSION LOSS
Authors: KORU Murat , SERÇE Orhan , İPEK Osman , KARABULUT Hüseyin , HIDIROĞLU Mehtap
Published: December 2020

In automotive industry, noise from the road, engine and environment are undesirable sounds which impacts the driver and passengers. In automobiles, the connection between the gear shifter mechanism and the transmission is carried out through cables and these cables go through a passage between the engine and the passenger compartment and rubber-based grommet parts are using for insulation. In this study, a phenomenon is investigated for shifter grommet parts. For using low sound transmission speed of air, air chambers are positioned perpendicular to the sound direction in insulation materials and tested with impedance tube of samples transmission loss and sound absorption coefficient. At these tests EPDM samples were used. On these samples, 2 types of air chambers with 4 mm and 6 mm diameter were considered having either 2 or 3 whole body or blind holes. Results showed that in the air chamber with 3 blind holes, test sample results are best up till 8% void in the insulation material. On the other hand, most of the test samples with holes showed better results than the one’s without the hole and the results showed that using low sound velocity of air can help to achieve better sound insulation properties in similar applications.
TÜRKİYE VE CİVARI SİSMİK MOMENT TENSÖR KATALOĞU: 2016-2019
Authors: ALTUNCU POYRAZ Selda , KALAFAT Dogan , GÜNEŞ Yavuz , TURHAN Fatih , POLAT Remzi
Published: December 2020

2005 yılından beri Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Ensititüsü (KRDAE), Bölgesel Deprem-Tsunami İzleme ve Değerlendirme Merkezi (BDTİM) Türkiye ve civarında meydana gelen büyüklüğü M≥4.5 olan depremler için kaynak parametrelerini belirlemekte ve çözümlerini araştırmacılar için paylaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da büyüklüğü M≥4.2 olan 146 deprem için (2016-2019) BDTİM ve Başbakanlık İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı Deprem Dairesi (AFAD)’ne ait yakın-alan ve bölgesel dalga şekilleri kullanılarak kaynak parametreleri bulunmuştur. KDRAE-BDTİM tarafından oluşturulan moment tensör kataloğunun araştırmacılar için güvenilir bir kaynak olacağı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca 2016-2019 yılları arasında meydana gelen ülkemiz için önem teşkil edecek 3 önemli depremin (Ayvacık-Çanakkale 2017, Gökova 2017 ve Ege Denizi 2017) depremselliği de çalışma kapsamında irdelenmiştir.
TAŞUCU KÖRFEZİNDE (MERSİN) SAHİL SEDİMANLARINDA AĞIR METAL İÇERİĞİNİN JEOKİMYASAL VE ÇOK DEĞİŞKENLİ İSTATİSTİK YAKLAŞIMLARLA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YALCIN Fusun , JONATHAN Muthuswamy Ponniah , YALÇIN Mustafa Gurhan , ILHAN Semiha , LEVENTELİ Yasemin
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye, Taşucu Körfezi (Mersin) sahili boyunca 33 lokasyondan toplanan güncel çökeltilerde ağır metal içeriklerini ve olası kökenlerini incelemektir. Tüm örneklerdeki sedimanter dokusu, ana (Fe, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Na, K, Ti) ve eser (Pb, Zn, Mn, Sn, As, Sb, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ag, Cd, Ni, Mo, V, W) element içerikleri ölçülmüştür. Ana ve eser elementlerin genel konsantrasyonu Al'a normalize edildi ve zenginleştirme faktörü hesaplanmıştır. Çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizler, ağır metal içerikleri arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon ilişkisini göstermesi ve eser metallerin yakın ilişkisinin olduğunu göstermesi bunların aynı kaynaktan olduğunu göstermektedir. Ana ve eser elementlerin dağılımı üç farklı faktöre işaret etmektedir; birinci faktör antropojenik aktiviteleri, ikinci faktör doğal süreci ve üçüncüsü ise çalışma alanındaki kaynaklar arasında (antropojenik) önemli bir fark olduğunu gösteren ara faktördür. Elementlerin diğer alanlarla karşılaştırılması neticesinde Sb, Mo, As, Cr, W, Ni, Sn ve Co’ın zengin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Taşucu körfezinin özellikle kıyı çökellerinde normal koşulların yeniden sağlanması için iyileştirici önlemler alınmalıdır.
Patient Experience and Predictors of Improvement in a Group Behavioral and Educational Intervention for Individuals With Diabetes and Serious Mental Illness: Mixed Methods Case Study
Authors: Schnitzer Kristina , Cather Corrine , Zvonar Vanya , Dechert Alyson , Plummer Rachel , Lowman Kelsey , Pachas Gladys , Potter Kevin , Evins Anne Eden
Published: December 2020

Background

In a previous study, participation in a 16-week reverse integrated care and group behavioral and educational intervention for individuals with diabetes and serious mental illness was associated with improved glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c) and BMI. To inform future implementation efforts, more information about the effective components of the intervention is needed.

Objective

The goal of this study is to identify the aspects of the intervention participants reported to be helpful and to evaluate the predictors of outcomes.

Methods

This study involved qualitative evaluation and post hoc quantitative analysis of a previous intervention. Qualitative data were collected using semistructured interviews with 69% (24/35) of the individuals who attended 1 or more group sessions and 35% (9/26) of the individuals who consented but attended no sessions. Quantitative mixed effects modeling was performed to test whether improved diabetes knowledge, diet, and exercise or higher group attendance predicted improved hemoglobin A1c and BMI. These interview and modeling outcomes were combined using a mixed methods case study framework and integrated thematically.

Results

In qualitative interviews, participants identified the application of health-related knowledge gained to real-world situations, accountability for goals, positive reinforcement and group support, and increased confidence in prioritizing health goals as factors contributing to the success of the behavioral intervention. Improved knowledge of diabetes was associated with reduced BMI (β=–1.27, SD 0.40; P=.003). No quantitative variables examined were significantly associated with improved hemoglobin A1c levels.

Conclusions

In this mixed methods analysis of predictors of success in a behavioral diabetes management program, group participants highlighted the value of positive reinforcement and group support, accountability for goals set, and real-world application of health-related knowledge gained. Improved diabetes knowledge was associated with weight loss.