bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opioids in the Management of HIV-Related Pain
Authors: Krashin Daniel
Published: March 2021

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients have an increased rate of
chronic pain, particularly peripheral neuropathy. This disease burden causes considerable
disability and negatively affects quality of life. Pain is undertreated and more complex
to manage in these patients for a number of reasons, including complex anti-retroviral
drug regimens, higher risks of side effects, and higher rates of comorbid psychiatric
illness and substance abuse. Pain management must take these factors into account and
use all available modalities, including nonopioid pain relievers, adjuvant medications,
and psychosocial therapies in addition to opioid analgesics. Here we review recent
recommendations regarding acute and chronic opioid treatment of pain and the treatment
of opioid dependence in HIV-infected patients, and provide suggestions regarding aberrant
behavior in pain treatment.
Objectives: The objective of this comprehensive review is to assess and summarize the
complicating factors involved in treating HIV patients’ pain with opioid analgesics.
Study Design: This is a narrative review without a systematic quality assessment of the
literature discussion.
Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature relating to pain and pain treatment in
HIV patients. The literature was collected from electronic databases, textbooks, and other
sources. The scientific literature reviewed includes randomized trials, observational studies,
systematic reviews, guidelines, and government reports.
Results: This patient population is heterogeneous and diverse in their medical issues
and comorbidities, but a systematic, stepwise approach to assessing and managing pain
in HIV patients is described. Chronic opioid treatment has proven to be problematic and
considerations and alternatives to this treatment are described. Management of pain in
patients with opioid addiction, a frequent comorbidity of HIV infection, requires special
awareness and different prescribing practices. Screening and identifying patients who are at
special risk for developing medical or behavior complications of pain treatment is essential,
and approaches to this, and common forms of aberrant behavior, are described.
Limitations: The scientific literature on opioid treatment in this population is limited.
The population of HIV patients is heterogeneous and differs in significant ways based on
ethnicity, national origin, and mode of transmission, making it difficult to generalize about
pain treatment in such a diverse group.
Conclusions: Pain management in HIV patients must take these factors into account
and use all available modalities for treatment, including nonopioid analgesics, adjuvant
medications, and psychosocial therapies. Opioid analgesics should be prescribed with
caution in accordance with current guidelines and after careful risk assessment.
Key words: HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, acute pain, chronic pain, psychiatric
comorbidity, opioid dependence, opioids, chronic opioid therapy, substance abuse.
Prevention of Opioid Abuse in Chronic NonCancer Pain: An Algorithmic, Evidence Based
Approach
Authors: Atluri Sairam
Published: March 2021

Background: The use of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain has grown exponentially in
the last 15 years. Associated with that, dramatic increases in abuse and overdose deaths from
opioid use have been noted.
Objectives: Most opioid abuse stems from legitimate prescriptions, putting the onus on
prescribers to use opioids responsibly for chronic pain. Very little evidence-based guidance
exists for those who wish to prescribe opioids for legitimate chronic pain and at the same time
prevent opioid abuse.
Methods: A review of literature was performed for articles focused on guidelines for opioid
use when prescribed for chronic pain, opioid abuse, and overdose, strategies to detect and
prevent abuse of opioids, urine drug screens (UDS) in chronic pain settings, prescription
monitoring programs (PMP), and the relationship between opioid dosing and abuse.
Results: Based on the existing literature, an evidence-based algorithmic approach was
developed to decrease opioid abuse in the chronic pain environment. The pillars of prevention
are the screening of patients into high, medium, and low risk categories using screening tools;
monitoring patients using UDS, PMP, and pill counts, and lastly, dose limitations.
Conclusion: This algorithmic approach may enable physicians to prescribe opioids for patients
with chronic pain and also to reduce opioid abuse.
Key words: Opioids, chronic pain, abuse, prescription, overdose, deaths, overdose deaths,
urine drug screens, prescription monitoring programs, opioid dose, screening, monitoring
Office-Based Opioid Dependence Treatment
Authors: Colson James
Published: March 2021

Background: Opioid misuse and abuse occurring in association with the treatment of chronic
non-cancer pain are not new phenomena, but their increasing prevalence in recent years is
unprecedented. Advancements in pharmaceutical technologies have provided opioid-related
drugs, which lack the pure mu agonist activity characteristic of the typical opioid congeners.
This absent or altered mu receptor activity imparts an opioid receptor antagonistic or partial
agonistic pharmacologic action, which serves to modulate the development of opioid-induced
tolerance and physical dependence and facilitate detoxification and withdrawal from opioids.
Opioid antagonists and partial agonists are being used in abuse deterrent strategy regimens to
prevent opioid tolerance and the development of dependence, as well as in the management
of opioid detoxification and treatment of withdrawal. The specific opioid antagonists and
partial agonists used in these various therapeutic modalities will be the focus of this review.
Objectives: Evaluate the comparative therapeutic utility of opioid antagonists and partial
agonists in preventing the development of opioid tolerance and treating opioid dependence,
detoxification, and withdrawal. A primary focus is the use of opioid antagonists and partial
agonists within an office-based practice.
Methods: A narrative review of the current literature involving the therapeutic use of
opioid antagonists and partial agonists in the management of opioid tolerance, dependence,
detoxification, and withdrawal.
A computerized literature search in the PubMed, EMBASE, BioMed, and Cochrane Library
review databases from 2008 through 2010 was performed. This search included systematic
and narrative reviews, prospective and retrospective studies, as well as cross-references from
bibliographies of notable primary and review articles and abstracts from scientific meetings. US
Food and Drug Administration records and pharmaceutical manufacturers’ product literature
were also used in the search.
Conclusion: Opioid dependency, whether it results from the misuse or abuse of prescription
or street drugs, continues to be a significant public health issue. Passage of DATA 2000 and US
Food and Drug Administration approval of buprenorphine and buprenorphine/ naloxone has
revolutionized opioid dependence therapy. The traditional addiction medicine therapy regimen
of methadone maintenance, with its inherent legal limitations and restrictions, has been
challenged by an office-based dependence practice with buprenorphine serving as a prominent
therapeutic tool.
Key words: opioid antagonist, opioid partial agonist, tolerance, dependence, detoxification,
withdrawal, hyperalgesia, buprenorphine, suboxone, naloxone, naltrexone, methylnaltrexone,
nalmefene, tramadol, butorphanol, nalbupine, pentazocine.
Objective Sensory Evaluation of the Spread of
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Schwartzman Robert J.
Published: March 2021

Background: The spread of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) has been well
documented. Many severe refractory long-standing patients have total body pain (TBP) that
evolved from a single extremity injury.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to document by objective sensory threshold
testing the extent of body area involvement in 20 long-standing patients with CRPS who
have TBP.
Study Design: A comparison of sensory threshold testing parameters between 20 longstanding refractory patients with CRPS who have TBP versus 10 healthy participants.
Methods: Twenty patients with CRPS who stated that they suffered from total body pain
were chosen from the Drexel University College of Medicine CRPS database. They were
compared to 10 healthy participants that were age and gender matched to the patients
with CRPS. The sensory parameters tested were: skin temperature; static and mechanical
allodynia; thermal allodynia; mechanical hyperalgesia; after sensations following all sensory
tests. The sites chosen for testing in the patients with CRPS were the most painful area in
each of 8 body regions that comprised the total body area.
Results: Five patients with CRPS had signs of CRPS over 100% of their body (20%). One
patient had pain over 87% and another had pain over 90% of their body area. The average
percentage of body involvement was 62% (range 37% – 100%). All patients with CRPS had
at least one sensory parameter abnormality in all body regions. All patients with CRPS had
lower pain thresholds for static allodynia in all body areas, while 50% demonstrated a lower
threshold for dynamic allodynia in all body regions compared to the healthy participants.
Cold allodynia had a higher median pain rating on the Likert pain scale in all body areas
versus healthy participants except for the chest, abdomen, and back. Eighty-five percent of
the patients with CRPS had a significantly lower pain threshold for mechanical hyperalgesia
in all body areas compared to the healthy participants. After sensations occurred after all
sensory parameters in the extremities in patients with CRPS.
Limitations:The primary limitations of this study would be the variability of self-reported
data (each subject’s assessment of pain/ discomfort to a tested parameter) and the challenge
to uniformly administer each parameter’s assessment since simple tools and not precision
instruments were used (with the exception of skin temperature).
Conclusions: TBP and objective sensory loss occur in 20% of patients with refractory longstanding CRPS.
Key words: CRPS, complex regional pain, static allodynia, dynamic allodynia, mechanoallodynia, thermal allodynia, allodynia, hyperalgesia, after sensation, total body pain, chronic
pain.
Can We Predict Addiction to Opioid Analgesics?
A Possible Tool to Estimate the Risk of Opioid
Addiction in Patients with Pain
Authors: Skala Katrin
Published: March 2021

Background: The use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of chronic pain conditions has long
been controversial. They have been reported to be relatively safe when prescribed with caution,
but a brief and valid instrument to estimate a person’s risk of addiction is still missing.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate a self-rating questionnaire allowing an
estimation of a person’s risk of addiction to opioid analgesics.
Study Design: Retrospective review.
Setting: Four Austrian hospitals.
Methods: Seven hundred forty-one patients were interviewed. Of these, 634 patients were
affected with chronic pain while 107 patients had a history of opioid addiction. Patients were
interviewed about alcohol and nicotine consumption and family history of psychiatric disorders.
Attitudes towards medication and the origin of pain were examined. We asked patients with
an opioid addiction and patients suffering from chronic pain to complete a short questionnaire
intended to help screen for addiction potential.
Results: Compared to the patients suffering from chronic pain, patients with an opioid addiction
significantly more often had alcohol- and nicotine-related pathologies and psychiatric comorbidity.
A family history of mental illness and developmental problems were significantly more frequent
in this group. Compared to those not addicted, those with an opioid addiction had significantly
higher expectations concerning the potential of medication to change one’s mental state; they
thought that psychological factors might contribute to the pain they feel.
Limitations: The main limitation of this study is the use of a self-rating instrument which reduces
objectivity and introduces the possibility of misreporting. Also, the 2 groups differ in number and
are not homogenous.
Conclusion: We found differences in questionnaire responses between patients with an opioid
addiction and patients suffering from chronic pain to be dependent upon the prevalence of
current or former addiction, psychiatric history, attitudes towards medication, and ideas about the
origin of pain. We believe these factors have predictive value in estimating a patient with pain’s
risk of addiction.
Key words: Pain, opioids, analgesics, addiction, questionnaire, self-rating, screening
Gender Difference of Symptom Severity in
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Role of Pain Sensitivity
Authors: Yeom Jin S.
Published: March 2021

Background: Given that there are gender differences in pain perception, it is likely that
there are differences in pain responses between men and women with lumbar spinal stenosis
(LSS). Furthermore, these differences may lead to different degrees of impairment in both daily
activities and quality of life between men and women.
Objective: To elucidate the difference of LSS symptom severity between genders in relation
to pain sensitivity.
Study Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.
Methods: A total of 160 patients who had symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis
completed a series of questionnaires on their first visit in the outpatient clinic, including a
pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ) (total PSQ and PSQ-minor), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI),
visual analog scale (VAS) for back pain, and Short Form-36 (SF-36). Using magnetic resonance
images, the degree of canal stenosis and disc degeneration were graded based on the method
by Schizas and the Pfirrmann classification, respectively. Symptom severity, pain sensitivity, and
radiologic findings were compared between men and women. In each gender group analysis,
the correlation between pain sensitivity and symptom severity was analyzed.
Results: After adjustment for age and the grade of disc degeneration, the pain sensitivity
represented by total PSQ and PSQ-minor was significantly higher in women than in men.
Moreover, there was a higher VAS for back pain/leg pain and ODI in women compared to men
after adjustment for body mass index (BMI), age, and the grades of canal stenosis and disc
degeneration. After additional adjustment for pain sensitivity including total PSQ and PSQminor, there was no difference in VAS for back pain/leg pain between genders. On the SF36 women demonstrated a lower quality of life than men in terms of Physical Function, Role
Physical, Bodily Pain, General Health, and Physical Component Summary. Each gender group
analysis showed that pain sensitivity was associated with symptom severity and disability
caused by LSS in both women and men.
Limitations: The present study did not evaluate psychological factors including
catastrophizing and/or undiagnosed personal traits which possibly can influence the severity
of symptoms from LSS.
Conclusions: Women showed increased low back pain and leg pain due to degenerative LSS
compared to men. The current study demonstrates that this difference in symptom severity
may be partly mediated by pain sensitivity.
Key words: Lumbar spinal stenosis, gender difference, visual analog scale, Oswestry
Disability Index, Short Form-36, pain sensitivity
Long-term Consequences of Acute Pain for
Patients under Methadone or Buprenorphine
Maintenance Treatment
Authors: Lapeyre-Mestre Maryse
Published: March 2021

Background: Acute and chronic pains are reported to be highly prevalent in patients under opioid
maintenance treatment (OMT). Lack of knowledge concerning the complex relationship between
pain, opioid use, and their impact on OMT efficacy can account for the barriers encountered for
pain management.
Objectives: To assess the impact of acute pain exposure on long-term OMT retention in a cohort
of patients under buprenorphine or methadone followed up during 12 months.
Study Design: Prospective, multi-center observational cohort clinical study.
Setting: Emergency departments, surgery departments, and specialized addiction care centers
in an outpatient setting in south-western France (Midi-Pyrénées area), from April 2008 to January
2010.
Methods: Patients aged 18 or more under OMT for at least 3 months, and followed up by a
physician were recruited. Acute pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) or the
Verbal Rating Scale (VRS). Exposed patients were those with a pain score greater than 0 at the time
of admission on any of the rating scales. The OMT rate after 12 months was compared among
exposed and unexposed patients. OMT retention was also investigated after 3 and 6 months
follow-up.
Results: A total of 151 patients, 81 exposed and 70 unexposed, were recruited; among them,
respectively, 26 (32%) and 34 (49%) completed 12-months follow-up. Acute pain exposure
appeared to be significantly and negatively associated with retention in treatment (crude OR: 0.44;
95% CI [0.22 – 0.87]; adjusted OR: 0.46; 95% CI [0.23 – 0.93]). Compared to methadone users,
patients under buprenorphine were less likely to have their OMT maintained after 12 months (OR
0.37; 95% CI [0.18 – 0.75]; adjusted OR 0.38; 95% CI [0.18 – 0.80]).
Limitations: Follow-up rate was 40 % (60/151).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the strong negative impact of acute pain on OMT in a
population mainly composed of patients under buprenorphine, as well as differential response
depending on the OMT medication. The findings highlight the need to consider the characteristics
of pain in the population under OMT and to develop evidence-based guidelines for pain
management.
Trial registration: The study was registered at www.clinical.trials.gov with the study identifier:
NCT00738036. Ethics Committee approval was received on February 11, 2008. Participants’
written consent was not required.
Key words: Analgesic drug, methadone, buprenorphine, opioid, opioid maintenance treatment,
acute pain, long-term retention, pharmacodependence, pharmacoepidemiology
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FETO-MATERNAL OUTCOMES IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH COVID -19 INFECTIONS
Authors: Bano Gulshan , Prashad Anubha , Soni Rakhee , Mishal Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Background and objectives:-COVID-19 is ongoing pandemic, caused by novel Corona Virus. There is very scarce information is available about clinical features and feto-maternal outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine clinical characteristics and feto-maternal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19. Methods- In this retrospective study, we included all pregnant women admitted with COVID-19 over three months. Clinical features, laboratory ndings and feto-maternal outcomes were assessed.Results:-The mean age of the patients was 24 years. Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was most common associated co-morbidity. Majority of patients (81%) were asymptomatic. Lymphocytopenia was seen in 58% of the patients and 47% had elevated levels of CRP. All patients who presented in rst trimester had spontaneous abortion. There is relatively higher rate of preterm birth (21%) and cesarean delivery(43%). All the neonates were tested negative for COVID-19. Conclusion;- There is relatively higher rate of cesarean delivery. Overall feto-maternal outcome was good and there was no evidence of vertical transmission.
CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH AND IMAGING
Authors: Radhakrishnan Pradeep Kumar , Kasarala Sachin Reddy , Ambat Roshini , T Nayanika Chowdary , Nazer Nihas , Nazer YA
Published: March 2021

The domain of science that would witness the greatest exponential contribution of articial intelligence in near future is health care. Improved
health care efciency in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis would be the end result. There is great potential of articial intelligence in future
directions in cardiovascular imaging. Genotype is a great inuence on disease risk. Identication and characterization of genetic variants is one
domain where AI shows great promise. Variant interpretation is one of the key challenges in genetic sequencing. Heterogeneity, low delity and
integration difculties stalk the traditional statistical approaches in this eld. High resolution whole organ models and genome wide approaches
nally unravel tackling points in interaction of environment with genes, making cardiovascular disease prevention or even auto engineered organs
an ultimate reality. Improved access to health and well-being empowers both patients and the physician with reliable access and assistance that
intelligently supports clinical decision-making would be the greatest benet. Data analysis with predictive potential would enhance patient safety
and preventive medicine and cardiovascular disease that causes the greatest mortality would be the greatest beneciary
Investigation of Weighted Scales for Measuring Visual Fatigue in Screen Tasks
Authors: FENG Yong , Chen Fei
Published: March 2021

The “screening” trend of modern society has been progressively increasing burden on human visual system, and visual fatigue problems are attracting growing attention. Nowadays, subjective testing is the most widely used measurement for visual fatigue; however, the low accuracy of subjective testing has been hindering its further development. Motivated by the idea of weighted scoring, this study investigated the effects of two weighted scales for measuring visual fatigue in screening tasks. Specifically, a questionnaire with 10 items collected from classic scales was performed with an eye-tracking testing in two typical screen visual fatigue experiments, i.e., searching and watching. Then the subjective scores were factor-analyzed into three subscales before attempting linear regressions, which set the dependent to two previously validated eye-tracking parameters, i.e., fixation frequency or saccade amplitude. Finally two weighted scales were obtained in assessing visual fatigue of varying levels, which demonstrated the potential to improve testing accuracy of visual fatigue with the calibration of objective measurement.
Muş ve Yöresinde Koyun Piyeteninin İnsidansı ve Sağaltımı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Çalışmalar
Authors: YILDIZ Ferit , GENÇCELEP Musa
Published: March 2021

Sunulan çalışmada 2016-2017 yıllarında sahada 6031 baş Morkaraman ve 4573 baş Akkaraman ırkı koyun olmak üzere toplam 10604 hayvan incelenmiştir. Bunların 969’unun piyetenli olduğu, dolayısıyla %9.14’lük bir oranla hastalığın sürülerde bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Irk-yaş-cinsiyete göre piyetenin yüzde hesaplamaları yapılmış olup, ırk bazında yüzde oranlar değerlendirildiğinde Morkaramanların Akkaramanlara oranla piyetene daha dayanıklı oldukları görülmüştür (%8.47<%10.02). Piyetenli ve sağlıklı hayvanların kan serumlarında Ca, P, Zn ve Cu elementlerinin miktarları ve birbirleriyle korelasyonu yapılmış ve hastalığa bağlı olarak piyetenlilerde bakır değerinde yükselme buna karşın çinko değerinde azalma görülmüştür. Çalışmada sağaltım karşılaştırmaları için hayvanlar beş gruba ayrılarak I. gruba Ceftiofur+Fluniksin-meglumin, II. gruba %10’luk bakır sülfat (CuSO4)+Fluniksin-meglumin, III. gruba sadece %10’luk CuSO4 uygulanmıştır. IV. grup kontrol grubu olup herhangi bir tedavi uygulanmamıştır. V. gruba ise aşı uygulaması yapılmıştır. Çalışmada en iyi tedavi I. grupta sağlanırken (%90), II. grupta %60, III. grupta %20, IV. grupta tedavi yapılmaksızın %10’luk bir iyileşme sağlanmıştır. Dolayısıyla %10’luk CuSO4 ayak banyosunun harcanan emek, zaman ve masraflar göz önüne alındığında hastalığı tedavi etmede yeterli olmadığı, mutlaka antibiyotik bir ajanla tedavinin sürdürülmesi gerektiği anlaşılmıştır. Süte geçmeyen Ceftiofur etken maddeli parenteral bir antibiyotik ile yangı giderici Fluniksin-meglumin kullanıldığında hastalığı kısa sürede tedavi etme yetkinliği, yetiştiriciler tarafından kolay temin edilebilir ve gönül rahatlığıyla uygulanabilir olması sebebiyle piyetenin tedavisinde yetiştiricilere birçok yönden fayda sağlayacağı kanaati oluşmuştur. V. grupta hastalıktan korunmak amacıyla aşı uygulamasından başarılı sonuçlar alınmıştır. Bununla beraber %10’luk CuSO4 uygulanmasının hastalıktan korunmada önleyici bir tedbir olarak değerlendirilebileceği düşünülmektedir.
Organization of school excursions in biology
Authors:   Gəncə Dövlət Universiteti, Isfandiyar Sadigov Gunay
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to highlight the role of excursions in the lives of students and schoolchildren. The excursion is one of the main forms of educational work. The excursion is one of the main forms of educational work. The tour is conducted according to the school program. The tour is conducted in a group to make it more interesting. Excursions also contribute to the development of polytechnic education, as they give students the opportunity to get acquainted with production, use scientific information in industry and agriculture. From this it can be concluded that excursions occupy a very important place in the life of both schoolchildren and students. Key words: the process of teaching the method of excursion, the principle of vitality, teaching process, introduction of new learning technologies, quality of education, form of training, teaching methods, development and dissemination of the method
Pengaplikasian Golden Ratio Pada Perancangan Logo Dalam Perspektif Desain Komunikasi Visual
Authors: Yulius Yosef
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the scientific field of visual communication design, the logo is one of the most frequently made designs and has a good market share. Along with the times, designing a logo work has undergone various forms and forms of transitions. The design process has also undergone innovation from various aspects ranging from concepts to the final results. The amount of market demand for a good logo makes the logo designers try to maximize the logo making process to match the expected results. One form of the logo-making process is by applying the golden ratio as a benchmark in determining the proportion and order of a harmonious and regular form to produce an aesthetic visual form. Understanding of the golden ratio is needed as a guide for graphic designers to be able to create a design work that has a basis for structured patterns and arrangements.Keywords : Logo, Graphic Design, Visual Communication Design, Golden Ratio, DKVÂ AbstrakDalam bidangÂ  desain komunikasi visual, logo merupakan salah satu karya desain yang paling sering dibuat dan memiliki pangsa pasar yang baik. Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman, perancangan sebuah karya logo telah mengalami berbagai macam transisi bentuk dan rupa. Proses perancangannya pun telah mengalami inovasi dari berbagai aspek mulai dari konsep hingga hasil akhirnya. Banyaknya permintaan pasar akan logo yang baik membuat para perancang logo berusaha memaksimalkan proses pembuatan logo agar sesuai dengan hasil yang diharapkan. Salah satu bentuk proses pembuatan logo adalah dengan cara mengaplikasikan golden ratio sebagai patokan dalam menentukan proporsi dan tatanan bentuk yang harmonis dan teratur untuk menghasilkan bentuk visual yang estetis. Pemahaman akan golden ratio dibutuhkan sebagai panduan para desainer grafis untuk dapat menciptakan suatu karya desain yang memiliki landasan akan pola dan tatanan yang terstruktur.Kata Kunci : Logo, Desain Grafis, Desain Komunikasi Visual, Golden Ratio, DKV
Hibriditas pada Ronggeng di Minangkabau
Authors: Madâ€™Hattari Aznal , Haris Asep Saepul , Asril Asril
Published: March 2021

AbstractHumans are creatures that are always voluntarily volunteered or coerced. From prehistoric times it has been mentioned that humans are always looking for new areas, if in the areas began to be short of food supply or hit by disasters. It also happens on this day. The reasons are also related to finding better livelihoods, seeking better education which is also related to livelihoods, as well as other problems such as war or natural disasters. More interestingly, some ethnics have a tradition of migrating like merantau as it is in the Minangkabau tribe. This is called hybridity. Hybridity can also show that every cultural process contains mixed and cross-border interactions. There is no culture that is completely genuine and pure, which is found in the ronngeng pasaman. Ronggeng pasaman is present in the community due to several factors such as the movement of the population to a place that will merge into one and make the region into a multi-cultural area.Keywords : Hybridity, Ronggeng, Pasaman, Multi-culturalAbstrakManusia adalah makhluk yang selalu berpindah baik secara sukarela maupun karena paksaan.Dari zaman prasejarah telah disebutkan bahwa manusia selalu mencari daerah baru jika di daerah tempatnya berada sebelumnya mulai kekurangan bahan pangan atau dilanda bencana.Hal itu juga terjadi hingga saat ini.Alasannya juga berhubungan dengan mencari mata pencaharian yang lebih baik, mencari pendidikan yang lebih baik yang nantinya juga terkait dengan mata pencarian, serta masalah lainnya seperti peperangan atau bencana alam.Lebih menarik lagi, beberapa etnis memiliki tradisi berpindah itu dengan istilah merantau seperti yang terdapat di dalam suku Minangkabau.Hal ini disebut dengan hibriditas. Hibriditas juga dapat menunjukkan bahwa setiap proses budaya mengandung percampuran dan interaksi lintas batas. Tidak ada suatu kebudayaan yang sepenuhnya asli dan murni, salah satunya terdapat pada ronngeng pasaman. Ronggeng pasaman hadir ditengah masyarakat dikarenakan oleh beberapa faktor seperti perpindahan penduduk ke suatu tempat yang nantinya melebur menjadi satu dan menjadikan wilayah tersebut menjadi daerah yang multi-kultural.Kata kunci : Hibriditas, Ronggeng, Pasaman, Multi-Kultural
Perempuan Minang Merantau
Authors: Wenhendri Wenhendri , Yusril Yusril , Ediwar Ediwar
Published: March 2021

AbstractDesigning theatrical work of female migration scripts, inspired by the phenomenon of social change in the Minangkabau community, which tells the story of minangkabau women who go abroad. Social change has and will continue to occur, it may occur as a development from whitin society itself. So every Minangkabau person must know the kinship arrangement with each other other, in order to understand his own place and position.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Exploring the value of tradition and preserving the noble values of the nation are the main ideas that will be poured in this work, namely modern theater that cannot be separated from the text elements of a literary work in a complete composition, dialogs, moods, spectacles, backgrounds, themes and figures that bintolakan randai. Randai pattern is meant here, the motion, dialogue, gurindam, character and story. In the creation of theater art, writers and directors do randai pattern as traditional theater Minangkabau mate with the nature of modern theater, in which the players in the womenâ€™s migration script must be clever, shrewd, silat, ekting and dialogue.Keywords : Theater Migration of Women is a Modern TheaterAbstrakPerancangan karya seni teater naskah lakon Migrasi Perempuan, terinspirasi dari fenomena perubahan sosial masyarakat Minangkabau, yang bercerita tentang perempuan Minangkabau yang pergi merantau. Perobahan sosial telah dan akan terus terjadi, mungkin terjadi sebagai perkembangan dari dalam masyarakat itu sendiri. Maka setiap orang Minangkabau wajib mengetahui susunan kekerabatan satu dengan yang lainnya, supaya dapat memahami tempat dan kedudukannya sendiri. Menggali nilai tradisi dan melestarikan nilai-nilai luhur bangsa adalah gagasan utama yang akan dituangkan dalam kekaryaan ini, yaitu teater modern yang tidak terlepas dari unsur-unsur teks suatu karya sastra dalam susunan yang utuh; (dialog, mood, spektakel, latar, tema dan tokoh) yang berpolakan randai. Pola-pola randai yang dimaksud disini adalah, adanya gerak, dialog, gurindam, penokohan dan cerita. Dalam penciptaan karya seni teater, penulis sekaligsus sutradara melakukan pola-pola randai sebagai teater tradisional Minangkabau mengawinkan dengan hakekat teater modern, yang mana para pemain dalam naskah lakon Migrasi Perempuan harus pandai berdendang, bergore, gerak silat, akting dan dialog.Kata kunci : Teater â€œPerempuan Minang Merantauâ€, randai, teater, modern
Perancangan Kampanye Kesadaran Pola Makan Sehat Bagi Masyarakat Kota Palembang
Authors: Nurauliani Yuarisya , Iswandi Heri , Patriansyah Mukhsin
Published: March 2021

AbstractHaving a body that is always healthy is everyone's dream. Food that we think is healthy is not necessarily 'healthy' for the body. Especially with the mushrooming of food and process drinks or packaging, fast food, as well as young fried foods found everywhere. The delicious and savory taste on the tongue makes anyone like it. However, do you know if it contains a lot of high calories and bad substances for the body. Starting from MSG, preservatives, bad fats, sugar and much more. All that will be buried in the body for a long time will cause various diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, obesity, to cancer. One way to control is by calculating the daily calories that enter the body. Calories are the amount of energy in food. The key to healthy weight is knowing how many calories in food you consume so that it can be adjusted to the amount of energy burned by the body.Keywords : Eat Healthy, Calories, Processing FoodAbstrakMemiliki tubuh yang selalu sehat adalah impian semua orang. Makanan yang selama ini kita pikir sehat belum tentu â€˜sehatâ€™ bagi tubuh. Apalagi dengan menjamurnya makanan dan minuman proses atau kemasan, fast food, serta makanan serba goreng yang muda didapatkan di mana-mana. Rasanya yang enak dan gurih di lidah membuat siapapun menyukainya. Namun, tahukah jika di dalamnya banyak mengandung kalori yang tinggi dan zat jahat bagi tubuh. Mulai dari MSG, pengawet, lemak jahat, gula dan masih banyak lagi. Semua itu akan tertimbun dalam tubuh dalam kurun waktu yang lama akan menimbulkan berbagai macam penyakit seperti hipertensi, jantung, diabetes, obesitas, hingga kanker.Salah satu cara untuk mengontrol adalah dengan metode menghitung kalori harian yang masuk ke dalam tubuh. KaloriÂ adalah takaran energi dalam makanan. Kunci berat badan sehat adalah mengetahui berapa kandunganÂ kaloriÂ dalam makanan yang dikonsumsi sehingga dapat disesuaikan dengan jumlah energi yang dibakar oleh tubuh.Kata kunci : Makan Sehat, Kalori, Makanan Proses
BENTUK POLA PUKULAN KELUHKUPAN PADA MASYARAKAT SUKU DAYA MUARADUA OKU SELATAN
Authors: Adoma Auzy Madona
Published: March 2021

Keluhkupan is a traditional tool used by the Daya tribe as the conveyor of information by using the main wood (keluhkupan) and stick (helu) which are hit with hard blows that have different rhythmic patterns from the signs of disaster that exist in each wasp of complaints. among them are fatalities, natural disasters and riots. The three strokes have different sound patterns from dynamics, tempo and rhythm. The people who are believed to beat Keluhkupan are only allowed to be traditional leaders (men only) and those who beat Keluhkupan must really know how the sound patterns of Negu Death, Negu Sasah Bencana and Negu Sasah Huru-hara sound patterns. Negu Death is carried out when a villager dies, traditional leaders beat Keluhkupan from soft to stronger with punches from slowly to faster. Negu Sasah This wasp disaster is carried out if there is a disaster tokah adat hitting Keluhkupan powerfully and quickly. Negu Sasah This wasp riot is a sign that there has been a fight between the traditional leaders hitting Keluhkupan quickly and strongly, indicating haste or Kesasah.
Analysis and Short Presentation of Study on Motivational Salience and Satisfaction with Training in the Field of Security and Defence
Authors: Petrova Elitsa
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the article is a presentation and an analysis of research on motivational salience and satisfaction with training in the field of security and defense that was carried out with the assistance of a number of universities and academies in Europe. Method: Survey research and statistical analysis including, and certain statistical methods were applied for processing of the grouped statistical data, their interpretation and offering of the relevant decisions. Results: The study attempts to outline the foundation of the methodology for conducting research on motivational salience and its relation with satisfaction in security and defense training, following the example of higher education institutions in Europe. The research findings are characterized by the scale of scientific and practical research and covering 19 educational institutions in the field of security and defense in Europe. The research is distinguished by the presence of a scientific subject not only at the national level but also at the international level. The results are in the area of interest to the academic staff of the military universities and academies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Estonia, Spain, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Sweden, Switzerland, and others. Conlusion/findings: The study was discussed at the extended scientific board of the Logistics of the Security Department at the Vasil Levski National Military University in Bulgaria. The thesis that has been elaborated as a result of carried out works was the subject of the defense in the Security and Defence area of higher education in Bulgaria.
Declared security versus security reality
Authors: Karczewski Edward
Published: March 2021

The article highlights the main factors that determine the risk to security, as well as the adequacy of its assessment among the respondents, including the identification of situations when external or internal threat is serious while its perception is at the minimum level.
Manfaat Jahe Merah dalam Menurunkan Kadar Kolesterol Darah
Authors: Bulfiah Siti Noor Fadilah
Published: March 2021

Penyakit kardiovaskuler menyebabkan mordibitas dan mortalitas di seluruh dunia, sehingga hal ini menjadi perhatian utama bagi pemerintah dan Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia. Penyakit jantung koroner merupakan penyakit kardiovaskuler yang menyebabkan kematian terbesar, disebabkan penyempitan atau penyumbatan pada pembuluh darah koroner akibat dislipidemia. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi penyakit dislipidemia salah satunya adalah dengan pemberian jahe merah. Tujuan untuk menganalisis potensi jahe merah  dalam   menurunkan kolesterol darah.   Literature   review   dilakukan   dengan menggunakan sumber referensi dari kumpulan  artikel yang dilakukan dengan literature searching pada Google  Scholar  dan  NCBI  dengan  kata kunci dislipidemia, jahe merah, kolesterol, peyakit kardiovaskuler dalam rentang waktu 2001-2020 kemudian dianalisis dengan metode systematic literature review yang mencakup pengumpulan, evaluasi, dan pengembangan penelitian dengan fokus topik tertentu. Analisis berbagai artikel penelitian  diketahui  bahwa  kandungan gingerol dalam jahe memiliki efek hipokolesterol, anti-aterogenik serta penekanan aktivitas enzim HMG-KoA reduktase sehingga dapat mengurangi biosintesis kolesterol total.
Potensi Daun Jambu Biji sebagai Agent Antidiabetik Tradisional
Authors: Gunata Agustina Fadilla
Published: March 2021

Peningkatan kasus diabetes mellitus yang kian meningkat didukung oleh berbagai faktor resiko terutama obesitas akibat pola hidup tidak sehat. Peningkatan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 didominasi di wilayah perkotaan akan tetapi secara global peningkatan di semua daerah. Tujuan literature review ini adalah  mengetahui potensi daun jambu biji sebagai agen antidiabetik tradisional. Artikel ini menggunakan metode studi artikel review, yaitu menggunakan artikel penelitian yang didapar melalui proses literature searching terkait potensi daun jambu biji sebagai agen antidiabetik tradisional dari tahun 2010 sampai tahun 2020. Berbagai penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun jambu biji bermanfaat  sebagai antidiabetik tradisional. Daun jambu biji memiliki beberapa senyawa bioaktif yaitu asam fenolik berperan ganda sebagai antioksidan dan menghambat enzim Alfaglukosidase dalam proses pencernaan karbohidrat sehingga menurunkan kadar glukosa postprandial. Senyawa aktif lainnya seperti Quercetin, Asam betulinic dan Lupeol berperan terhadap menurunkan kolesterol, trigiserida serta bersifat hipoadiponectin. Kombinasi bahan aktif lainnya bekerja secara sinergis.
Identifikasi Bahaya Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Pada Aktivitas Nelayan
Authors: Vinezzia Dillyana
Published: March 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan, dengan luas zona lautan lebih besar dari zona daratan. Salah satu mata pencaharian sektor bidang kelautan adalah nelayan. Dalam melakukan suatu pekerjaan, nelayan juga tak luput dari bahaya ataupun resiko kecelakaan di tempat kerja. Tujuan dari literature review ini adalah mengidentifikasi bahaya keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja pada aktivitas nelayan. Sumber pustaka yang digunakan berasal dari 11 artikel, 1 sumber kebijakan pemerintah, dan 6 buku-buku pedoman kesehatan, yang merupakan terbitan tahun 2003 hingga tahun 2019. Sumber pustaka tersebut selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review. Dari pemaparan didapatkan hasil bahwa saat nelayan melaut dapat timbul berbagai bahaya keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja baik saat di darat maupun saat di lautan. Bahaya yang ditimbulkan juga beragam, dari bahaya potensial kimia, bahaya potensial fisika, bahaya potensial ergonomi, bahaya potensial lingkungan, dan bahaya potensial psikososial.
Manajemen Nyeri Neuropatik
Authors: Devi Fryda Liana
Published: March 2021

Diketahui jutaan orang di seluruh dunia telah mengalami nyeri neuropatik yang diperkirakan terjadi pada sebanyak 7% dari populasi. Nyeri neuropatik merupakan salah satu jenis nyeri yang timbul akibat adanya lesi atau gangguan primer pada susunan saraf. Nyeri ini dapat terjadi akibat berbagai gangguan, seperti penyakit infeksi, trauma, radikulopati dan kerusakan di sistem endokrin. Tujuan dari literature review iniadalah untuk meninjau lebih lanjut terkait masalah nyeri neuropatik yang umum terjadi sehingga dapat diketahui langkah manajemen masalah ini dengan tepatdi masyarakat.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literature review yang melibatkan sebanyak 21 sumber pustaka. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam penelusuran yaitu ‘neuropathic pain dan management dengan tahun terbit antara  2009-2020. Abstrak dan full text jurnal dibaca dan dicermati, kemudian dilakukan analisis terhadap isi yang terdapat dalam tujuan penelitian dan hasil/temuan penelitian. Hasil. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan farmakoterapi sering kali merupakan salah satu langkah yang efektif yang dapat dengan cepat memberikan dasar untuk implementasi komponen lain dari manajemen nyeri, seperti modalitas terapi fisik dan keterampilan koping pasien.Pendekatan multidisiplin dan multimodal dalam manajemen nyeri neuropati dapat meredakan derajat nyeri untuk sebagian besar pasien yang menderita nyeri neuropati. Beberapa jenis obat yang direkomendasikan dalam pengobatan nyeri neuropatik, antara lain golongan obat anti-depresan, antikonvulsan, obat topikal dan golongan analgetik.
Application Local Polynomial and Non-polynomial Splines of the Third Order of Approximation for the Construction of the Numerical Solution of the Volterra Integral Equation of the Second Kind
Authors: Burova I. G.
Published: March 2021

The present paper is devoted to the application of local polynomial and non-polynomial interpolation splines of the third order of approximation for the numerical solution of the Volterra integral equation of the second kind. Computational schemes based on the use of the splines include the ability to calculate the integrals over the kernel multiplied by the basis function which are present in the computational methods. The application of polynomial and nonpolynomial splines to the solution of nonlinear Volterra integral equations is also discussed. The results of the numerical experiments are presented.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Individu, Karakteristik Pekerjaan dan Karakteristik Lingkungan Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Pegawai Pada Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota Pontianak
Authors: Indrawati Indrawati , Kuswardani Aprina
Published: March 2021

Human resource is the most valuable resource and has an increasingly important position in achieving the objectives of the organization. Human is the core driving force of all activities and is also a major part in the processing of the input into the output. This research was conducted in the territory of the city of Pontianak. Independent variables (X) in this study consist of 3 individual characteristics, job characteristics, and environmental characteristics, while dependent variable (Y) is motivation. The data in this study were obtainet from the results of the questionnaire to 34 respondents who also as samples in this research. The data later processed using multiple Linear Regression analysis. The result showed that only one individual characteristics, job charakteristics and environmental characteristics had a significant influence on employee motivation at Civil Service Police Unit Pontianak.
Analisis Pengaruh Supply Chain Integration, Teknologi Informasi dan Inovasi Terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing pada Perusahaan Freight Forwading
Authors: Rahmasari Lisda
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to find out the influence of supply chain integration, information technology and innovation on competitive advantage. The research population comprised freight forwading company in Semarang City. The sample was selected by means of the purposive sampling technique. The sample was 100 companies. The data were collected by a questionnaire, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique in the study was multiple regression analysis using the program of SPSS Version 17 for Windows. The results of the study showed that supply chain integration, information technology and innovation had a significant positive effect on competitive advantage. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.71 or 71%, the coefficient shows that 71 % of competitive advantage is affected by supply chain integration, information technology, innovation while the remaining 29% is affected by other independent variables not study.
construcción del sujeto femenino a través del espacio narrativo en dos novelas contemporáneas
Authors: Calero Jurado Rosa María
Published: March 2021

El espacio narrativo es un elemento muy complejo y con gran trascendencia en el análisis narratológico, ya que determina importantes interacciones con otros códigos ideoculturales y extratextuales. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la configuración del discurso espacial, en tanto que localización y ámbito de actuación, siguiendo los estudios de Valles Calatrava, y cómo este revela una imbricación manifiesta en la construcción del sujeto. Concretamente, la investigación se centra en la construcción del sujeto femenino desde la perspectiva de la différance francesa con el objetivo de comprobar que ciertos escenarios serán determinantes parar romper con el discurso patriarcal hegemónico y contribuir en la formación de nuevo orden simbólico a través de diversos sujetos femeninos.