bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
e-SQ Systematic literature review: A model proposal for Mexico as an effect of the Covid-19 contingency
Authors: Diana Faviola Olea-Flores  , Alejandra Aldrette-Malacara  , Luis Cuautle-Gutiérrez  , Marisol Reyes- Alcantar
Published: December 2020

The situation we are currently experiencing, such as the health crisis, by COVID-19 has generated an increase in online purchases; factors such as the Quality of Electronic Service (e-SQ) are considered determining in this process since it allows us to evaluate and know the perception of consumers. The purpose of this article is to classify the knowledge generated about e-SQ and the diverse contexts in which it has been studied. For the review process, the Kitchenham and Charters method is used, with which diverse definitions and applications of service quality were obtained, and although there is no single concept that is accepted by the scientific community, it has been adapted by diverse authors. In the review, it was found as part of the results that five of the dimensions of quality of service had greater impact and relevance, which have been used in various contexts, leading to the creation of other models. Finally, a model is proposed for Mexico that starts from the five dimensions that had greatest impact and relevance in the studies for the consumer, which are Efficiency, Privacy, Compliance, Responsiveness and Contact; a dimension is added to the model that is "guaranty" considering some factors of the geographical area. This model could present important contributions for the measurement of service quality in a new context such as Mexico.
Synthesis and evaluation of newly1-substituted-(2H)-2-thio-4-(3-substitutedthiocarbamido-1-yl)-6-(2-imino-4-thio-5- substitutedbiureto-1-yl) 1, 2-dihydro-S-triazines as potent antimicrobial agents
Authors: ME Shelke
Published: December 2020

The search for novel antibiotics is of immense importance in research areas around the world for agricultural, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. The s-triazines are widely used as an important biological tool for the production of a wide range of novel secondary metabolites. In the present study, the series of 1-substituted-(2H)-2-thio-4-(3- substitutedthiocarbamido-1-yl)-6-(2-imino-4-thio- 5- substitutedbiureto-1-yl) 1,2-dihydro-s-triazine [4a(i) to 4f(iii)] have been obtained by the isomerisation of 2-(2-imino-4-thio-5- substitutedbiureto-1-yl)-4-(3- substitutedthio-carbamido-1-yl)-6- substitutedimino-1,3,5-thiadiazine [3a(i) to 3f(iii)] in presence of ethanolic sodium bicarbonate solution. The later were synthesized by the chemical action of 1, 3-bis-(N-phenylamidinothiocarbamido)-thiocarbamide and aryl/alkylisocyanodichlorides. On the basis of IR, PMR spectrum data and elemental analysis, the structures of all these compounds were established. The synthesized s-triazine were analyzed for antimicrobial activities by cup plate diffusion method and exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against test pathogens. The isolate was tested for the ability to grow in the presence of antibiotic, such as ciprofloxacin at the same concentration. Thus, the study concludes with the eco-friendly route for synthesizing s-triazine with antibacterial activity against clinically important pathogens.
Modeling sexual differences of body size variation in ground beetles in geographical gradient (The case study in Pterostichus oblongpunctatus Fabricius, 1787)
Authors: Raisa A Sukhodolskaya  , Anatoly A Saveliev  , Nadezhda L Ukhova  , Iraida G Vorobyova  , Igor A Solodovnikov  , Anatoliy L Anciferov  , Tatyana A Gordienko  , Rifgat R Shagidullin  , Dmitriy N Vavilov
Published: December 2020

Fleshing out the mechanisms of Bergmann rule, we found saw-tooth pattern in body size variation in ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus. We sampled beetles in 2010 – 2018 at the forest undisturbed plots on the broad territory in Russia and Belarus. Investigating regions covered territory, extending to 3 degrees latitude and 31 degrees longitude. We measured six traits in every of 3294 caught individuals. ANOVA showed that geographical location and sex affected significantly body size of the species studied. Mean values of each trait changed significantly from one studied region to another in females and males as well. Sexual size dimorphism in species was female-biased. We performed models in R to estimate the steepness of body size variation in both sexes. In overwhelming majority of cases that parameter was equal in both sexes. So the hypothesis, that male′s variation is steeper in latitude gradient was not confirmed.
Effects of environmental parameters on the nycthemeral migratory behaviour of copepod species in the Al Massira reservoir, Morocco
Authors: Khadija Mokhliss  , Mohammed Moncef
Published: December 2020

To improve our knowledge of nocturnal and diurnal migratory activity in copepods and in order to assess the effect of abiotic parameters on this activity, we have undertaken at the level of the Al Massira dam reservoir (dam located on the wadi Oum Erbia, in Morocco) the monitoring of the migration of the main species, during a 24-hour nycthemeral cycle. To be done; the measurement and sampling step is carried out every 4 hours; at different depths of the prospected station. The temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a measurements are taken. The systematic position of the main species of copepods and their density are determined. Most of the results obtained show that the main species of copepods inventoried within the reservoir are Neolovenula alluaudi and Acanthocyclops robustus. The nauplii of these two species present the maximum of densities at a depth of -5 m at 12 h; i.e. 70400 individual / m3 (ind / m3). The development stages of N. alluaudi are preferentially concentrated at -2 m at midnight, with 1900 ind / m3, while at 12 h and 16 h this density is less than 500 ind / m3. The maximum density for the stages of A. robustus is noted at midnight on the surface (at -5 m), i.e. 3400 ind / m3 for C1-2 and 3200 ind / m3 for stages C3-4-5 at -2 m at the same time. Therefore, the migratory behavior of these species seems to depend on the temperature, the concentration of dissolved oxygen and the variation of the food during the different phases of the cycle.
The effectiveness of aloe vera gel in reducing the pain of perineal wound
Authors: Dewi Putri Sitronela , Hani Umu , Anwar Mochamad
Published: December 2020

Background: Researches on applying ice gel and aloe vera gel compress to reduce perineal wound pain scale after childbirth has been widely studied and proven effective. However,  the effectiveness of using both has not been studied.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness differences of ice gel and aloe vera gel in reducing the intensity of perineal wound pain.Methods: It applied a quasi-experimental research design. The population was 116 post-partum mothers, a sample of 56 mothers with sutured perineal wounds grade II, divided into two groups of intervention (aloe vera gel compress) and control (ice gel compress), with a consecutive sampling technique. The pain before and after the intervention was observed and analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Maan Whitney tests.Result: The mean reduction in pain scale in the group with the aloe vera gel treatment was more than that in another group with ice gel treatment, with a mean difference of 2.46 and 1.61. The statistical analysis results showed a significant difference in pain relief between the two groups, p<0.05.Conclusion: The aloe vera gel compresses are more effective than the ice gel compresses in reducing the scale of perineal pain after childbirth.
In vivo study of the antioxidant test of ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata Linn. leaves
Authors: Solihah Indah , Herlina Herlina , Munawwaroh Inayatul , Rasyid Riana Sari Puspita
Published: December 2020

Background: Chromolaena odorata L. leaf was reported to contain phenolic group compounds, such as flavonoids. Flavonoid compounds have been reported to have antioxidant activity. Based on in vitro study, Chromolaena odorata L. leaves have potent antioxidant activity. However, in vivo, studies with dose variations have not been reported.Purpose: This study evaluates the antioxidant activity with various doses of ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves against male Wistar rats induced by paracetamol.Methods: Flavonoid contents were measured spectrophotometrically based on the formation of a complex flavonoid-aluminum. Quercetin was used to make a calibration curve. In vivo test was used TBARS method carried out by measured malondialdehyde (MDA) level in male Wistar rats induced by paracetamol 2g/Kg BW. The test was carried out on extracts with doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/Kg BW. Vitamin C with dose 6,5mg/Kg BW used as a positive control, and 1% of Na CMC used as the negative control. Histopathology assessment of liver used Hema-toxylin Eosin Stain.Results: Ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves contain flavonoid 126.459±0.163 mg/g extract as quercetin equivalent. Intoxication paracetamol on rats increased MDA serum level significantly different (p-value < 0.005) with normal control. Treatment of ascorbic acid and extracts decreased MDA serum level significantly different (p-value < 0.005) with control negative and improved the histological structure of hepatocytes.Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata Linn. dose 500 mg/Kg BW was the best treatment with exhibited 58.974% reduction of MDA serum level and better improve the histological structure hepatocytes than other doses
An Analysis Of Speech Act In The Grown Ups Movie
Authors: Marbun Lida , Handayani Nurma
Published: December 2020

This research discussed about the analysis of speech act used in the Grown Ups movie. This research revealed the types of speech act that found in the Grown Ups during the movie. The researcher applied the qualitative descriptive method because it was dealt with the description analysis by using words. Observation method used to collect the data. The researcher chose this movie because it was popular in the 20’s century and there were many speech acts reflected in this movie. As the result, it was found that were 30 utterances of speech acts in Grown Ups movie. From the 30 data that researcher collected, the main characters most expressed the types of speech act. They are 6 locutionary acts, 15 illocutionary acts, and 9 perlocutionary. Based all the data above, it can be concluded the most used speech act found in this data was illocutionary act. The next was perlocutionary act. Then the last was locutionary act.
The Effect Of Using Video Listen-Read-Discuss Strategy Toward Student’s Reading Comprehension Of Recount Text At The Second Grade Of SMP Muhammadiyah Rambah
Authors: Kasyulita Evi , Antoni Rivi , Syafitri Nur
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research were to find out students reading comprehension of recount text taught through LRD strategy and taught without using LRD strategy. And to find out whether there was an effect of using LRD strategy toward students reading comprehension of recount text at the second grade of SMP MuhammadiyahRambah. This research was an experimental research, precisely a quasi experimental research. The instrument of this research was multiple choices test of reading comprehension. The participants were students at second grade of SMP Muhammadiyah Rambah. The researcher findings showed that the improvement from the score of t-test. The total score of t-test was 3.451. Based on p-value was 0.003 < 0.05. Therefore, it could be concluded that there was an effect of using LRD strategy toward students reading comprehension of recount text at the second grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah Rambah.
An Analysis Of Id And Ego Novel “A Tale Of Two Cities” By Charles Dickens
Authors: Romanna Romanna , Rudianto Gaguk
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe the id and ego of the characters in the novel A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens using the approach of psychological approach. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study and the data obtained from this study produce a psychological analysis in the Charles Dickens novel entitled "A Tale of Two Cities". There are two psychiatric structures that are described in this study, namely the id and the ego using the theory of Sigmund Freud.
An Analysis Of Moral Value In Short Story “The Last Leaf” By O Henry
Authors: Eripuddin Syahada , Rahayu Pipit
Published: December 2020

This research discussed about the moral values as found out in the last leaf short story. Moral values were found out by using sociological theory. This research used method descriptive qualitative. This instrument used was the short story of The Last Leaf. The researcher also used other information about moral values. Researchers also use the theory of moral values in order to better know what moral values are contained in the short story of The Last Leaf. Based on the sociological approach, there are three perspectives: functional perspective, symbol perspective, conflict perspective. After analyzing the researcher found some moral values, namely Tolerance, Fairness, Belief, Kind-hearted, honesty, and responsibility.
KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE BLOKZİNCİR KULLANIMI: D5 ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÖZALTIN Oğuzhan , ERSOY Mevlüt
Published: December 2020

Çalışmanın amacı blokzincir teknolojisinin kamu yönetimine etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amacın gerçekleşebilmesi için blokzincir teknolojisinin kamu hizmetlerine, mevcut ve potansiyel etkileri ortaya konulmaktadır. Çalışma kısaca D5 (Dijital 5 Ulusları) adı verilen Birleşik Krallık, Estonya, Güney Kore, Yeni Zelanda ve İsrail ülke örnekleriyle sınırlıdır. Çalışmanın yöntemi içerik analizidir. Konuyla ilgili kişi ve kurumların yayınları, kurumsal ve erişime açık dokümanlarının içeriği incelenip, analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, devletin temel işlevleri açısından bakıldığında blokzincir teknolojisinin, iç ve dış güvenliği, adaleti sağlama işlevlerini yerine getirmede kullanılmaya başlandığı görülmektedir. Temel haklar ekseninde değerlendirildiğinde ise kamu otoriteleri tarafından blokzincir teknolojisinin, yaşama hakkı, sağlık hakkı, özel yaşamın gizliliği hakkı ve ekonomik haklar bağlamında çözümler üretmeyi sağlayan bir araç olabileceği değerlendirilmektedir. Kamu hizmetleri yönüyle değerlendirildiğinde blokzincir teknolojisinin, sosyal yardımların dağıtımına, pasaport almaya-vermeye, tapu sicil işlemlerini gerçekleştirebilmeye, devlet ve paydaşları arasındaki tedarik zinciri süreçlerini iyileştirmeye olanak sağladığı sonucunu ulaşılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak D5 üyesi ülkelerde, özellikle kamu hizmetlerinin vatandaşlara sunumunda blokzincir teknolojisinin kullanılması suretiyle blokzincir teknolojisi ile kamu yönetimi arasında etkileşimin başladığı görülmektedir.
Pharmacokinetics of Buprenorphine and Sustained-release Buprenorphine in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Fitz Casey B , Goodroe Anna E , Moody David E , Fang Wenfang B , Capuano III Saverio V
Published: December 2020

Buprenorphine is an essential component of analgesic protocols in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The use of buprenorphine HCl (BUP) and sustained-release buprenorphine (BSR) formulations has become commonplace in this species, but the pharmacokinetics have not been evaluated.
Healthy adult (age, 2.4 to 6.8 y; 6 female and 6 male) common marmosets were enrolled in this study to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters, plasma concentration–time curves, and any apparent adverse effects of these compounds. Equal numbers of each sex were randomly assigned to
receive BUP (0.02 mg/kg IM) or BSR (0.2 mg/kg SC), resulting in peak plasma concentrations (mean ± 1 SD) of 15.2 ± 8.1 and 2.8 ± 1.2 ng/mL, terminal phase t1/2 of 2.2 ± 1.0 and 32.6 ± 9.6 h, and AUC0-last of 16.1 ± 3.7
and 98.6 ± 42.7 ng × h/mL. The plasma concentrations of buprenorphine exceeded the proposed minimal therapeutic threshold (0.1 ng/mL) at 5 and 15 min after BUP and BSR administration, showing that both compounds are rapid-acting, and remained above that threshold through the final
time points of 8 and 72 h. Extrapolation of the terminal elimination phase of the mean concentration–time curves was used to develop the clinical dosing frequencies of 6 to 8 h for BUP and 3.0 to 3.5 d for BSR. Some adverse effects were observed after the administration of BUP to common
marmosets in this study, thus mandating judicious use in clinical practice. BSR provided a safe, long-acting option for analgesia and therefore can be used to refine analgesic protocols in this species.
Hypersexuality in a Woman: a Case from Clinical Practice
Authors: Г. С. Кочарян
Published: December 2020

A case history is presented, where hypersexuality could be conceptualized as a manifestation of persistent genital arousal disorder/restless genital syndrome [PGAD/ReGS]. Female patient Sh., 75, who sought our medical advice on April 16, 2015, presented complaints about a feeling of a “sexual drive in my pubic region”, burning in her legs (along the inner surface of her thighs), in her pubis and on her abdomen over the pubis in a small area. “I need intimacy, but I understand with my head that it is not necessary for me”. The above burning and sexual desire were felt, but not always. The appearance of the desire coincided with the appearance of the burning. At first, the burning developed and was followed by the desire, or on the contrary. The burning and desire could begin in the morning and trouble her all day long, but when she was engaged into some activity, she changed over and forgot about it. The appearance of the disorder was preceded with the death of her elder brother, who some time before was actually a substitute for her father. He always supported her both morally and financially. He was a rather valued personality for her, she loved him very much. Therefore she took his death, which happened in the beginning of December in 2013, very hard. The disorder, concerning which the patient consulted me, appeared on February 14, 2014. She woke up in the night because of her heavy jittering, she felt a terrible sexual drive and a bad burning in her lower abdomen over the pubis and on the inner surface of her thighs. She could not sleep any more. The arousal, which appeared in the night, did not leave her till the morning and remained during the whole day, but then became weakening. She was treated by different medical specialists. Though some weakening of her symptoms was achieved, she failed to get rid of the disorder, which developed in her. As a result of our analysis we supposed its cerebrovascular genesis, which impacted on functions of the brain. As a weighty contributing factor we regarded her long-term distress caused by a manifested psychological trauma (the death of the person who was extremely significant for the patient).Our treatment (hypnosuggestive therapy, Sonapax, Hydazepam, irrigation of the pubis with 10 % Lidocaine aerosol), where hypnosis was the main component (its 10 sessions were performed), resulted in complete disappearance of the symptoms. The interview performed 5 years after the end of the treatment demonstrated persistence and duration of the obtained results. The presented clinical case is not very bright, but this fact can be explained to a great extent by the patient’s age that excluded appearance of a number of phenomena typical for PGAD/ReGS.
Use of Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
Authors: І. І. Горпинченко  , К. Р. Нуріманов  , Т. В. Порошина  , В. С. Савченко  , Г. М. Драннік
Published: December 2020

Antioxidants are recommended for the treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). The efficacy and safety of quercetin in the treatment of patients with CP/CPPS have been studied most. To increase the effectiveness of treatment, we propose to use acetylcysteine, which, along with antioxidant properties, has secretolytic properties.The objective: to provide a comparative assessment of the efficacy and safety of quercetin and acetylcysteine in the treatment of patients with CP/CPPS.Materials and methods. The study involved 60 patients with CP/CPPS aged 18–45 years. Patients were randomized into two comparison groups. Patients in group 1 (n=30) were prescribed quercetin1 g per day for 1 month. Patients in group 2 (n=30) received acetylcyteine orally at a dose of 600 mg per day for 1 month. The condition of patients was assessed according to the NIH-CPSI scale, spermogram parameters and dynamics interlekin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in ejaculate. The efficiency criterion was considered to be a 25 % decrease in the NIH-CPSI.Results. As a result of the treatment of patients with CP/CPPS with the use of antioxidants in both groups symptoms of the prostatitis were reduced: NIH-CPSI total (group 1 – 22,5±0,5 vs. 15,0±0,8; group 2 – 22,7±0,5 vs. 15,1±1,1); pain (group 1 – 11,5±0,3 vs. 7,1±0,4; group 2 – 10,0±0,5 vs. 6,6±0,6); urinary symptoms (group 1 – 3,4±0,3 vs. 2,1±0,2; group 2 – 4,8±0,4 vs. 2,2±0,4), quality of life (group 1 – 7,7±0,4 vs. 5,8±0,3; group 2 – 7,8±0,3 vs. 6,3±0,4). The fertility was improved significantly (p<0,05): increased sperm concentration, progressive sperm motility, decreased number of pathological sperm, leukocyte TNF-α concentration and increased IL-10 concentration in ejaculate. In group 2 only ejaculate viscosity decreased significantly (p<0,05), improved sperm motility, decreased white blood cell count, decreased TNF-α concentration in ejaculate were significantly greater than in group 1. The clinical efficacy of acetylcysteine and quercetin in the treatment of patients with CP/CPPS was 63,3 % and 60,0 % respectively (subject to the efficacy criterion of reducing the NIH-CPSI score by 25 %).Conclusion. The use of acetylcysteine can be useful for patients with CP/CPPS.
Dyspareunia As a Clinical Problem
Authors: Г. С. Кочарян
Published: December 2020

The article contains definitions of dyspareunia, data about its incidence and place in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (code F.52.6 – Nonorganic dyspareunia, code N94.1 – Dyspareunia, which deals with a disorder of the organic origin) and 11th Revision (code GA12 – Dyspareunia, diagnosed in both the psychogenic nature of the disorder and its organic genesis) as well as in the last national American classification of sexual disorders reflected in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. The above classification uses the term «genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder», code 302.76. In this case it means an integral diagnosis, which combines vaginismus and dyspareunia. The solution about advisability of using such a generalized diagnosis was taken in this classification with reference to the fact that the both sexual dysfunctions are highly comorbid and hardly differentiated.Also the classifications of dyspareunia, which were and are used by clinical sexologists in the Soviet and post-Soviet space, are presented. It is emphasized that dyspareunia can be mixed. In such cases their appearance and development may occur with participation of sociogenic, psychogenic and biogenic factors, described in this article.Also the article presents clinical manifestations of dyspareunia, information about its diagnosing as well as recommendations on treatment of genital pains using methods of psychotherapy (cognitive and cognitive-behavioral impacts, hypnosuggestive therapy, neuro-linguistic programming as well as couple, family and group therapy) and biological therapy (hormones, anti-inflammatory medicines, botulinum [type A], tranquilizers, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, physiotherapy and surgical treatment).
Comparative Evaluation of the Results of Contact Pneumatic Cystolithotripsy and Electrohydraulic Cystolithotripsy
Authors: С. О. Возіанов  , В. В. Черненко  , В. Й. Савчук  , Д. В. Черненко  , С. Т. Соколенко  , Ю. М. Бондаренко
Published: December 2020

The objective: to evaluate the performance of portable pneumatic contact lithotripter LMA Stonebreaker (USA) for cystolithotripsy as compared to electrohydraulic cystolithotripsy (Urat-1M).Materials and methods. Contact cystolithotripsy was performed on 63 patients (49 men, 14 women). 27 patients underwent contact pneumatic cystolithotripsy, 36 patients underwent electrohydraulic cystolithotripsy. The effectiveness of the applied methods was evaluated in groups of patients not only by the size of the stones, but also by the mineral composition of the removed stone fragments (uric acid, phosphates, oxalates, ammonium urate). The number of strokes required to initiate fragmentation, complete fragmentation, and total cystolithotripsy time was determined.Results. The stones were fragmented in all 63 (100%) patients, regardless of the method of cystolithotripsy, mineral composition and size, and the stone fragments were completely removed and diagnosed by X-ray structural analysis. The lowest number of strokes to start the fragmentation process was in patients whose stones were diagnosed as ammonium urate and phosphates. Oxalate and uric acid stones required the greatest number of strokes. The number of strokes for complete disintegration of the stone, regardless of the method of cystolithotripsy, depends on the size of the stone, their number, and also the stone’s mineral composition. Conclusion: Transurethral contact pneumatic cystolithotripsy using a portable pneumatic lithotripter LMA Stonebreaker is not inferior to electrohydraulic cystolithotripsy (Urat-1M), however it is safer, taking into account the applied physical effects for stone destruction. It is also less costly.Conclusion. Effectiveness of applying both pneumatic and electrohydraulic cystolithotripsy depends not only on size and quantity of the stones, but also on their mineral composition. There are peculiarities in the process of cystolithotripsy of stones of different mineral composition.
Dynamics of Restoration of Functional State of the Kidney Parenchyma and Normalization of Main Risk Factors of Calcium-oxalate Nephrolithiasis in Urine on the Background of Using Complex Metaphylaxis
Authors: С. О. Возіанов  , В. В. Черненко  , Г. Г. Нікуліна  , Л. Я. Мигаль  , Н. І. Желтовська  , Д. В. Черненко  , І. Є. Сербіна  , В. Й. Савчук  , Р. Є. Ладнюк
Published: December 2020

The objective: to investigate the dynamics of restoration of the functional state of the renal parenchyma by levels of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in urine and normalization of the main risk factors of calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis (Ca-Ox NL) – by concentrations of calcium, oxalic and uric acids in urine on the background of application of complex metaphylaxis within a year after stone removal.Materials and methods. 45 patients with Ca-Ox NL before and after the removal of concrements in 1, 3, 6 and 12 months on the background of the use of complex metaphylaxis were examined. The activity of the conditionally renospecific enzyme NAG and concentration of calcium, oxalic and uric acids were analyzed. The personification of metaphylactic measures was performed depending on the characteristics of the risk factors for the development of Ca-Ox NL: the combination of hyperoxaluria with hyperuricemia and hyperuricuria, the combination of hyperoxaluria with hyperuricemia, the presence of significant hyperoxaluria on the background of normouricemia and normouricuria and also depending on hypercalciuria. The control group consisted of 28 practically healthy persons with normal analysis of urine and free of renal diseases.Results. In patients with NL before the removal of the stone, the activity of NAG, calcium, oxalic and uric acid concentrations probably exceeded the control data. In the dynamics of observation there is a gradual decrease in urinary NAG activity, calcium, oxalic and uric acid concentrations. NAG activity and uric acid concentration did not differ from the data in the control group after 12 months, calcium – after 3 months, oxalic acid concentration after 6 months.Conclusion. Restoration of the functional state of tubular nephrotheoia and normalization of concentrations of the main risk factors for the development of Ca-Ox NL on the background of complex metaphylaxis was achieved in almost 95 % of cases. The obtained results can be used to correct and optimize the treatment tactics of patients with Ca-Ox NL after removal of the calculus during the year.
İlkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin çevreye yönelik bilgi, davranış ve tutumlarının belirlenmesi
Authors: UZUN Beyza Selin , ŞENLER Burcu
Published: December 2020

Çocuklara yönelik çevre eğitiminin önemini vurgulamak ve çevresel farkındalığı arttırmak amacıyla çevresel bilgi, tutum ve davranışı kapsayan bütünleştirici bir çalışmanın alanyazına katkı sağlayacağı ve yeni çalışmalara yol göstereceği düşünülerek bu araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, temel eğitimde mevcut durumda çevre bilinci ve çevre dostu davranışların oluşup oluşmadığını değerlendirmek bağlamında geliştirilen ölçeğin çevre eğitimi konusunda ilgili alanyazına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda bu araştırmanın amacı, ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin çevreye yönelik bilgi, davranış ve tutum düzeylerini belirlemektir. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada amaca yönelik olmak üzere ‘Çevresel Bilgi Ölçeği’, ‘Çevresel Davranış Ölçeği’ ve ‘Çevresel Tutum Ölçeği’ geliştirilmiştir. Araştırma Şanlıurfa ili Haliliye ve Eyyübiye ilçe merkezlerine bağlı ilkokullarda 2018-2019 öğretim yılında öğrenim gören 292 4.sınıf öğrenciyle yapılmıştır. Öğrencilerin ortalama puanları Çevresel Bilgi Ölçeği için ölçek ortalamasının üstündeyken, Çevresel Davranış ve Çevresel Tutum ölçekleri için maksimuma yakındır. Yapılan yordamsal analizler sonucunda çevreye yönelik bilgi, davranış ve tutum puanlarının cinsiyete göre farklılaşmadığı bulunmuştur. Fen bilimleri dersi notuna göre yapılan incelemede bilgi, davranış ve tutum ölçeği puanlarının fen bilimleri dersi karne notuna göre anlamlı olarak farklılaştığı saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin çevreye yönelik bilgi, tutum ve davranışlar puanları arasında pozitif ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, elde edilen bulgular alanyazında yer alan bilimsel araştırmalar ile tartışılmış ve çevre eğitimine katkısı olunabileceği düşünülen önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Matematik eğitimine yönelik geliştirilen materyallerin paylaşımında üniversite okul işbirliği açısından mevcut durumun tespitine yönelik bir çalışma
Authors: COŞTU Serkan , İLGÜN Şükrü
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma, öğretmen adayların tarafından geliştirilen öğretim materyallerinin; öğretim üyeleri, öğretmen, idareci ve öğretmen adayları tarafından nasıl değerlendirildiğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma ÖTMG dersi kapsamında öğretmen adayları tarafından hazırlanan öğretim materyallerinin, nasıl değerlendirildiği ile ilgili mevcut durumu tespit etmek için yapılan bir özel durum çalışmasıdır. Çalışmada örneklem olarak 2 akademisyen, 1 idareci, 2 öğretmen ve 5 tane öğretmen adayı seçilmiştir. Araştırmada yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatların uygulanmasıyla elde edilen ses kayıtları çözümlenerek transkript edilerek yazıya dökülmüş, transkript edilen bu mülakatlar nitel veri analizi yaklaşımlarından biri olan içerik analizi yapılarak tema, alt tema, kodlar ve frekanslar aracılığıyla elde edilen matrisler yardımıyla yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda Öğretim Teknolojileri ve Materyal Geliştirme” (ÖTMG) dersinde geliştirilen materyallerin sergilendikten sonra bu materyallerin okullara gönderilmesi uygulamasında işlemeyen noktalar bulunduğu buna rağmen bu uygulamanın genel anlamda faydalı bir yaklaşım olduğu ve geliştirilen materyallerin öğretmenlerin materyal ihtiyacını karşılamak açısından bir potansiyel taşıdığı görülmüştür. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda öğretim materyallerinin geliştirilmesinin önünü açmak için; matematik dersine yönelik özelleşmiş öğretim materyalleri sempozyum ve projelerinin desteklenmesi, ülkemize ait ulusal bir materyal kütüphanesi oluşturulması ve EBA gibi platformlara entegre edilmesi önerilmektedir.
5E öğrenme modeli ve bağlam temelli öğretim yönteminin ışık konusunda başarı ve bilgilerin kalıcılığına etkisi
Authors: GÜNEŞ KOÇ Rabia Sultan , SARIKAYA Mustafa
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, bağlam temelli, 5E öğrenme modeli ve 5E öğrenme modeli ile desteklenmiş bağlam temelli yaklaşımın 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinin fen bilimleri dersi ışık konusundaki başarılarına ve bilgilerinin kalıcılığına etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu Ankara ilinde bir devlet okulunda bulunan 7. sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan toplam 100 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma, yarı deneysel desenin kullanıldığı nicel bir çalışmadır. Işık konusu dört farklı grupta dört farklı yöntemle işlenmiştir. Deney 1 grubunda bağlam temelli yaklaşımla, deney 2 grubunda 5E öğretim yöntemiyle, deney 3 grubunda 5E ile desteklenmiş bağlam temelli öğretim yöntemi ile 4. grupta ise kontrol grubu olarak fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programındaki mevcut yöntem ve tekniklerle işlenmiştir. Araştırma sürecinde 6 haftada toplam 24 ders saatlik bir uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri “Işık Başarı Testi (IBT)” nin uygulanması sonucu elde edilmiştir. IBT; ön test, son test ve kalıcılık testi olarak uygulanmıştır. Veriler spss paket programında analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizine göre öğrenci başarısını artırmada en etkili yöntem 5E öğrenme modeli ile desteklenen bağlam temelli öğretim yöntemi (5E+BT) olmuştur. Öğrenilen bilgilerin kalıcılığında ise en etkili yöntem 5E öğrenme modeli olmuştur.
Burnout Syndrome Concerning Some Personality Factors among Greek Teachers Natasha
Authors: Angelova Virmozelova , Nasi Konstantina Hristos
Published: December 2020

Traditionally teacher's profession is associated with high levels of burnout. However the scope of the study is to differentiate the role of personality in experiencing burnout. In this paper is presented the exploration of the relationship between teacher's burnout syndrome, some personality traits and locus of control. The sample comprised of 120 teachers distributed by gender as follow 76.6% (N=92) women and 23.3% (N=28) men. To investigate the relationship between the personality characteristics (extraversion-introversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, and loci of control) and the levels of burnout syndrome dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) a Spearmen correlation analysis was performed. To determine which one of all personality characteristics would have the most significant influence on the burnout syndrome dimensions data were verified with eta squared coefficient. As predicted by the research suggestions the study's results showed significant correlations between teacher's burnout syndrome and personality traits - intro/extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, and locus of control. It has been revealed that neuroticism and intro/extroversion have the greatest effect on all three burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievements). Localization of control as variable predicting burnout showed a moderate effect on two out of three factors (emotional exhaustion and reduced personal achievements). With the lowest effect influencing, only emotional exhaustion was found to be psychoticism. Keywords: burnout syndrome, teacher's occupational stress, personality traits, locus of control.
THE MOSQUE BASED ZAKAT MANAGEMENT: A STUDY OF AMIL ZAKAT EXISTENCE IN BANJARMASIN
Authors: Hakim Budi Rahmat , Gunawan Edi Gunawan
Published: December 2020

The main problem in this study is the legality of zakat managers' existence and the effectiveness of zakat management at mosques and langar in Banjarmasin as the most significant potential among Banjarmasin people who are known to be religious. The research seeks to reveal the existence and role, and efforts to revitalize the presence and function of amil zakat formed by the ta'mir/ mosque administrators who are the research objects. The research method applied is classified as field research. The research type is qualitative research. Data mining is carried out by interviewing the mosque ta'mir administrators and the committee / amil zakat and BAZNAS Banjarmasin administrators. Also, data collection is carried out by documentation. Based on the study results, it was found that the existence of amil zakat in most mosques in Banjarmasin. According to the zakat law, the form of committees was formed seasonally before Eid al-Fitr and did not formally and permanently establish management as Zakat Collection Units (UPZ). Only a small number of them have officially started the administration of amil zakat to become UPZ. The existence of amil, which is only ad hoc, has not shown the maximum function and role in the direction of zakat, especially in the management of zakat fitrah. Most of the amil/zakat committees formed by mosque administrators are only limited to serving the acceptance and distribution of zakat fitrah. The type of zakat mal is still relatively small. Regarding the optimization of the collection, especially the kind of zakat mal, the amil / mosque zakat committee, which is the subject of this research, has never made any efforts to pick up the ball (zakat mal) to the surrounding muzaki. Socialization or invitations for zakat distribution through amil's mosque are also only carried out in limited media (through mosque loudspeakers or banners).
The 1962 Military Confrontation on Salvaging West Papua: An Analysis on War Theory
Authors:   Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia, . Mulyadi , Risman Helda
Published: December 2020

Based on the Round Table Conference between Indonesia and the Netherlands' representatives in 1949, West Papua will be delivered to Indonesia a year later. Nevertheless, the Dutch broke their promise to return West Papua to Indonesian sovereignty. The Dutch continued to insist on West Papua as their land and then increased their military presence in West Papua to prepare for defending the territory. Responding to this, initially, Indonesia made peaceful efforts, namely bilateral diplomacy within the Indonesian-Dutch Union ties, continued with trilateral diplomacy and diplomacy efforts using the Asian African Conference and United Nations organizations. However, Indonesian diplomatic efforts met with deadlock. Hence, another form of diplomacy, the military effort, has been displayed. This study's main aim is to review the 1962 military confrontation on salvaging West Papua in the analysis on war theory. Also, to prove that with sufficient military strength, the country will confidently step up to be the negotiating table winner. The Indonesian military strength at that time was playing a significant role as a deterrent effect. The research uses a qualitative descriptive phenomenology method, using data sources from several books and journals available. The result of the research shows that Indonesia absolutely needs a modern and more rigid military force to maintain its sovereignty, protect our Island and its natural resources. Without the deterrent effect of military power, Indonesia will be underestimated in international politics.
Benford’s Law Application: Case of Elections in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Barleti University (Albania), Kukeli Agim , Karunaratne Hettiyadura Shehan ,   Midwestern State University (USA)
Published: December 2020

Sri Lanka, like many developing countries has been involved in a circle of allegations of election fraud. Usually these claims are pronounced more by losing parties. This study uses Benford’s law, a law of probability distribution of digits, to investigate whether the election fraud claims might have merit. A sample in this study is made of 808 election data. This data comes from the 2010 Presidential election for representatives from three major political parties and from 2010 General Election data. All of the data points were obtained through reliable government sources, two of which are, the Department of Elections website of Sri Lanka, and the National News Paper statistics (2010). The study contrasts the distribution of the first digit of election results against the Benford’s Law benchmark. After obtaining the results, we organize the data and find median, mean, mode and standard deviation. The preliminary results showe that the data does not align with Benford’s law predictions. In other words, it shows that the data does not follow the law where the mean is larger than the median and there is a positive skewness then it likely follows a Benford’s distribution. The distribution of the first digit of actual data for three parties disagrees with Benford's law. This misalignment is more pronounced for the winning party than for the second and third place parties, respectively. We, therefore, look forward to run the data through several critical analyses and observing if there shall be any fraud or manipulation in numbers.
The Universal War Strategy in the 5th Generation War in the 4.0 Industry Era (Cyber Threat Case Study)
Authors:   Indonesia Defence University, Indonesia, Sumarno Tonny , Risman Helda
Published: December 2020

Currently, the world has entered into the 5th generation war, and this war in the 5th generation can be said to be an invisible war. This war can be interpreted as an information war, an economic war, including cyber warfare. The rapid progress of the development of science and technology today has a very broad impact on various aspects of human life. The threat of cyber attacks that can cripple the stability of national security needs to be watched out for. For this reason, the Indonesian nation must have strategic steps to anticipate all possibilities from the threat of cyber attacks. The research objective in this paper is to identify the potential threat of 5th generation war, analyze cyber threats and cyber attacks in Indonesia and how the Universal War Strategy in dealing with the threat of cyber attacks. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive phenomenology research method, using data sources from some literature and mass media. The research results from the researcher's analysis provide significant results with the conclusion that Indonesia is vulnerable to cyber threats so that it is necessary to equalize perceptions in drafting the concept of defense and security from the threat of cyber attacks.
Implementation of the Philippines-Indonesia Coordinated Patrol in the Sea Border Area of Indonesia and the Philippines from the Sea Power Perspective
Authors:   Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia, Kusuma Endra , Anwar Syaiful
Published: December 2020

The Philippines-Indonesia coordinated patrol (Corpat Philindo) is an implementation of the 1975 Border Patrol Agreement (BPA) which was carried out on a scheduled basis by the two countries in the context of securing the Indonesia-Philippines maritime border. Corpat philindo is the response of the two countries to the existence of traditional border crossers of border communities as well as to guarantee the country's sovereignty from criminal acts and law violations in the border sea between Indonesia and the Philippines. The purpose of this study is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of implementing the Corpat Philindo which have been implemented from the perspective of marine power. The theories used in the analysis are international cooperation security theory and sea power theory. This study uses qualitative data analysis techniques using secondary data and then uses theory to identify a process of events that the author studied. The results of this study conclude that the use of defense equipment, operational areas and support bases in the Corpat Philindo have not yet fulfilled the embodiment of sea power in the Philippines-Indonesia border sea.
Modeling and Forecasting Gold Prices
Authors:   Lebanese University, Lebanon, Ghalayini Latifa , Farhat Sara
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to explore the reasons of gold price volatility. It analyses the information function of the gold future market by open interest contracts as speculation effect, and further fundamental factors including inflation, Chinese yuan per dollar, Japanese yen per dollar, dollar per euro, interest rate, oil price, and stock price, in the short-run. The study proceeds to build a Dynamic OLS model for long-run equilibrium to produce reliable gold price forecasts using the following variables: gold demand, gold supply, inflation, USD/SDR exchange rate, speculation, interest rate, oil price, and stock prices. Findings prove that in the short-run, changes in gold price does granger cause changes in open interest, and changes in Japanese yen per dollar does granger cause changes in gold price. However, in the long-run, the results prove that gold demand, gold supply, USD/SDR exchange rate, inflation, speculation, interest rate, and oil price are associated in a long-run relationship.
Systems, Instruments and Regulatory Policies of American and European Capitalism
Authors:   Università degli Studi Kore di Enna, Italy, Sabatino Michele
Published: December 2020

The beginning of the 21st century, the phenomenon of globalization, the IT revolution and the financialization of the economy have also changed the terms of the comparison among capitalist countries. At global level, the rapid expansion of the financial sector was also encouraged by an increase in innovative financial products. Regulators and supervisors have not been able to adequately identify and address the growing risks in the financial system. The beginning of the financial crisis has brought to light such weaknesses. And it is from this negative experience that the major world authorities have intervened, trying to set up plans and regulations to protect the financial system and consumers. The analysis of the framework that comes with the financial crisis of 2007-2013 is thus a starting point for this work to understand the new features of world capitalism. American and European capitalist systems seem to diverge above all on the policies and instruments for regulating the financial system. The aim of the work is to show the differences between the US and European financial and banking regulation. The former is geared towards reviving deregulation and financial innovation while the latter is more geared towards redesigning a more accentuated regulatory model with a governance of the economy that always sees the presence of a mixed welfare and market system.
Analysis and Improvement Strategies of the Phenomenon that What Biology Teachers Teach is not What They Learned in Rural Middle Schools
Authors: Peng Bo , Zhang Chuanling , Sun Yanfang , Peng Juan , Sun Xuezhong , Tian Xiayu , Zheng Mengyang , Pang Ruihua , Zhou Wei , Wang Quanxiu
Published: December 2020

Rural education is a short board of China’s education. It is of great significance to strengthen the construction of the teacher team in rural middle schools for Rural Revitalization in the new era. The problem of structural shortage of teachers, reflected by the phenomenon of “what biology teachers teach is not what they learned” in rural middle schools, is a key issue that has been existing for a long time in the development of rural middle school education in our country. It is also a key problem that must be paid attention to and urgently solved in the face of the new situation, new tasks and new requirements. In response to this phenomenon that caused by the decline of students and the loss of biological teachers in rural middle schools, the government needs to play a supporting role and the school leaders of rural middle schools should innovate their systems and concepts. What’s more, biological teachers should reflect on their hearts and have the educational feelings of being willing to develop the countryside. Only when the government, middle school leaders and biology teachers have formed an educational synergy, can we better solve that harmful phenomenon and promote the healthy and rapid development of rural middle school education.