bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La destruction du patrimoine culturel à Alep : banalité d'un fait de guerre ?
Authors: David Jean-Claude , Boissière Thierry
Published: July 2014

Dans le conflit qui bouleverse actuellement la Syrie, les causes communautaires et confessionnelles sont régulièrement présentées comme étant les principales motivations des belligérants. La destruction du patrimoine, à Alep comme dans d’autres villes et sites archéologiques syriens, est l’une des conséquences les plus spectaculaires de ce conflit meurtrier, mais les causes de cette destruction sont multiples et les motivations idéologiques et confessionnelles ne sont peut-être pas les plus importantes. Pour comprendre l’acharnement destructeur dont Alep est la cible depuis 2012, nous proposons de revenir sur la nature et les origines historiques du concept de patrimoine tel qu’il est mis en oeuvre en Syrie et sur la perception que les habitants et les responsables en ont. Cette mise en perspective nous permet de mieux comprendre les réactions parfois hostiles ou indifférentes que l’on peut observer dans les deux camps, loyaliste et rebelle, vis à vis de ce patrimoine mondialement reconnu.
Geostrategic stakes and the impact of the conflict in the Orontes River basin
Authors: Haj Asaad Ahmed , Jaubert Ronald
Published: July 2014

Le bassin de l’Oronte comprend quelques-unes des zones les plus touchées par le conflit en Syrie. Les accès à la région côtière, les frontières avec le Liban et la Turquie, les grandes ressources en eau et l’agriculture sont des enjeux géostratégiques clés dans le conflit en cours. Puissants moyens de contrôle du territoire, les infrastructures en eau domestique et agricole ont été délibérément prises pour cibles par les forces du régime, principalement, et de l’opposition. Ainsi, l’accès à l’eau potable est actuellement critique dans de grandes parties du bassin, plus de 50 % de la population dispose de moins de 20 l / j. De son côté, la production agricole a diminué de plus de 70 %, en grande partie en raison de l’interruption de l’approvisionnement en eau des zones irriguées. Le bassin de l’Oronte est une région clé dans le conflit en cours, elle le restera dans la période de transition post-conflit. Au-delà de la nécessité d’accroître l’aide d’urgence, la planification de la réhabilitation des infrastructures d’eau et la gestion des ressources en eau seront des éléments clés à considérer dans une perspective de réconciliation.
La civilisation islamique et l'humanisme arabo-musulman : le regard de Malek Bennabi
Authors: Seniguer Haouès
Published: July 2014

Malek Bennabi (1905-1973) est un essayiste algérien de confession musulmane. C’est une figure très atypique de la pensée islamique contemporaine. Méconnu, ses écrits sont souvent investis et récupérés par les théoriciens et militants de l’islamisme, qui revendiquent, à tort ou à raison, son héritage. Bien que par certains côtés travaillé par une forme d’islamisme, Malek Bennabi s’est néanmoins efforcé de sortir de l’ornière purement dogmatique, hyper normative et exaltée de l’islam, pour se consacrer davantage à une profonde réflexion autocritique de l’ ethos musulman.
Les Kurdes et l'option étatique
Authors: Bozarslan Hamit
Published: July 2014

En Irak, les Kurdes disposent d’un quasi-État. La guerre civile syrienne a pour résultat d’autonomiser les Kurdes du pays. La politique ambiguë de l’AKP dégage au profit des Kurdes un nouvel espace politique en Turquie. Ce développement d’entités s’approchant de structures étatiques ne conduit cependant pas à la constitution d’un espace politique unique. Il demeure fragile, et divise les Kurdes en espaces séparés, autant qu’il les réunit dans une aspiration politique commune. politique étrangère
L'addiction aux jeux d'argent chez la femme
Authors: Domić Zorka
Published: July 2014

Nous verrons tout d’abord que l’essentiel de la littérature concernant le jeu excessif prend appui sur l’homme joueur. L’analyse du jeu chez la femme résulte d’une simple transposition des recherches effectuées sur des groupes d’hommes. Le fait que le jeu pathologique en général soit avant tout masculin n’est pas sans soulever un certain nombre de questions. L’accès au soin est plus difficile pour les femmes et ne trouve pas d’autres choix que de rester invisible. Ensuite, par le biais de vignettes cliniques, nous détaillerons le profil psychopathologique de la femme addicte au jeu, celle qui cherche à fuir les problèmes de couple et de la famille, ainsi que la solitude, l’ennui, et qui trouve dans le jeu une « automédication » contre l’angoisse et le manque d’estime de soi. Enfin, nous nous appuierons sur l’œuvre de Fiodor Dostoïevski, Le Joueur, pour étudier la problématique du jeu chez nos patients.
Qu'en est-il de la cyberaddiction sexuelle ?
Authors: Codina Irène
Published: July 2014

Nous nous proposons dans cet article d’essayer de mieux cerner à la fois l’addiction sexuelle et l’addiction sexuelle via Internet. Nous nous pencherons successivement sur l’histoire du concept, sa classification, sa définition, l’épidémiologie du phénomène, la physiologie du comportement sexuel et le traitement des usages problématiques. Notre réflexion sera plus particulièrement étayée par les réflexions de P. Carnes, développées dans son livre « In the shadows of the net » que nous analyserons en détail, ainsi que par la revue de la recherche empirique sur le sujet menée par M. Griffiths, et enfin sur notre propre expérience clinique.
Les relations entreprises-communautés : les leçons de l'expérience d'Hydro-Québec et des Cris
Authors: Baba Sofiane , Raufflet Emmanuel
Published: July 2014

Les questions liées aux relations entre entreprises et communautés locales se sont imposées au cours des dernières années comme un enjeu de gestion important pour nombre d’entreprises, en particulier dans le secteur industriel et des ressources naturelles. Comment construire, cultiver et reconstruire des relations durables et de réciprocité entre entreprises et communautés locales ? À partir de l’analyse de l’expérience de près de quatre décennies de relations entre Hydro-Québec et la Nation autochtone crie entourant le lancement de vastes projets hydroélectriques, cet article relève des pratiques prometteuses en matière de gestion des relations entreprises-communautés. Ainsi, l’établissement et le maintien de relations durables, qui doivent s’appuyer sur la notion d’« acceptabilité sociale », représentent un processus continu qu’il faut renouveler à toutes les étapes de la vie d’un projet.
Heart rate and blood biomarkers in Brazilian gaited horses during a standardised field gaited test
Authors: Silva F.S. , Melo S.K.M. , Manso H.E.C.C.C. , Abreu J.M.G. , Manso Filho H.C.
Published: July 2014

There is little information about biochemical and physiological parameters in Brazilian gaited horses that could be used to develop training and performance evaluation programs. The aims of the current study were to evaluate heart rate (HR) and blood biomarkers in gaited horses during a standardised field gaited test (SGT). Sixteen horses were used to develop an SGT (10 min of warming up, 30 min of marcha gait and 15 min of recovery). Blood samples and HR were collected at rest, after warming up, after 15 (F+15) and 30 (F
+30) min of marcha, and after the recovery period. The following blood parameters were measured: glucose, lactate, total plasma protein, haematocrit, urea, creatinine, glutamine, glutamate, triglycerides, total cholesterol, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Cl and K. HR measurement was carried out using an HR monitor. The results were analysed using one- and two-way ANOVA tests, and post-hoc Holm-Sidak tests. Student's t-tests were used to compare means, and the Pearson's test was utilised for correlation analyses. Glucose and lactate increased during SGT (P<0.05), and a statistically significant interaction between phase of SGT and fitness level was observed for glucose. Additionally, haematocrit, total plasma protein, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, P and K were elevated (P<0.05), and a reduction of Ca was detected during the SGT (P<0.05). HR increased from ∼47 bpm at rest to ∼140 bpm at F+15 and F+30 (P<0.05). In conclusion, the HR and energetic biomarkers were increased during the SGT. HR was under the limit variation for values considered as submaximal for aerobic exercises in gaited horses during SGT. Additionally, some degree of dehydration was observed at the end of the marcha contest. This information may be used to better understand how gaited horses expend their energy during marcha events and to help determine a horse's fitness level.
Evaluation of zearalenone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, zearalenone 4-sulfate and β-zearalenol 4-glucoside levels during the ensiling process.
Authors: González Pereyra M.L. , Sulyok M. , Baralla V. , Dalcero A.M. , Krska R. , Chulze S. , Cavaglieri L.R.
Published: July 2014

Zearalenone-producingFusarium species can contaminate maize before ensiling and cause reproductive problems in animals. Suspect feeds are only routinely analysed for zearalenone (ZEA), not considering other oestrogenic metabolites or masked derivatives. The aims of the present study were to monitor the levels of ZEA, α-zearalenol (α-ZOL), β-zearalenol (β-ZOL), zearalenone-4-sulfate (ZEA-4S) and β-zearalenol-4-glucoside (β-ZOL-4G) in artificially contaminated maize silage and determine the effect of the ensiling process on these toxins. A laboratory silo model was designed using polystyrene bags filled with previously contaminated chopped whole-plant maize, stored in a dry and cool room and sampled at days 7, 45, 90, 120 and 127. ZEA, α-ZOL, β-ZOL, ZEA-4S and β-ZOL-4G levels were quantified by liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. Chemical and physical analysis indicated silage maintained good quality in all stages. pH was reduced favourably (P<0.05) from 4.69 to 3.80 during the preservation stage. Dry matter, moisture content and water activity did not vary from day 7 to 127. ZEA, α-ZOL, β-ZOL and ZEA-4S levels also did not change from day 7 to 127, indicating no significant degradation by the ensiling process or silage-native microbiota. This study suggests that ZEA levels remain invariable during the ensiling process, as well as the levels of its derivatives. The presence of highly oestrogenic metabolites, like α-ZOL and the masked ZEA-4S, which are not screened in the routine analyses, increases the overall toxicity of ZEA-contaminated silage.
A Hospital Nursing Research Enhancement Model
Authors: Edward Karen-Leigh , Mills Cally
Published: July 2014

Evidence-based practice is fundamental to nursing, yet there are many reports in the literature of the difficulty associated with incorporating research activity that leads to evidence-based practice into daily practice. This study used a hospital-based research enhancement model (HREM) to plan, develop, and implement a research outreach ward-based seminar (ROWS) program and evaluate its effectiveness as a means for nurses to increase their knowledge and capacity in research and evidence-based practice. A survey was used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data for evaluation of the program. A total of 78 evaluations were returned after ROWS attendance. Three main themes from the survey were explored. These include accessibility of research, appreciation and application of research, and training in research. The results suggested that nurses are interested in participating in research activities, including projects, best practice forums, journal clubs, and seminars. The HREM can address some common barriers to an evidence-based practice culture and the application of evidence-based practice within nursing.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(10):447–454.
More on Gap Analysis
Authors: DeSilets Lynore D. , Dickerson Pamela S. , Lavin Sibyl
Published: July 2014

Continuing education providers continue to struggle with the concept of gap analysis, a required component of the needs assessment process in the American Nurses Credentialing Center accreditation program. This column offers information on identifying a gap and examples of how this fits into the planning process.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(10):433–434.
Academic and Nursing Aptitude and the NCLEX-RN in Baccalaureate Programs
Authors: McCarthy Mary Ann , Harris Debra , Tracz Susan M.
Published: July 2014

Accurately predicting NCLEX-RN
®
success has a positive impact on all nursing education stakeholders. This study focused on the ability to predict NCLEX-RN pass rates on the basis of prenursing academic aptitude variables and the Assessment Technologies Institute (ATI) nursing aptitude program. The ATI predictors were the Test of Essential Academic Skills (TEAS) and five ATI subject tests: Fundamentals, Medical Surgical, Nursing Care of Children, Mental Health, and Maternal Newborn. The prenursing variables comprised the prenursing grade point average, a prerequisite communication course, and the ATI TEAS composite subscores of TEAS Reading, TEAS Math, TEAS Science, and TEAS English. This study included participants from four baccalaureate nursing programs in the California State University system. Results of canonical correlation, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression revealed a significant correlation among prenursing, ATI scores, and NCLEX-RN first-try pass rates. Prediction of NCLEX-RN success rate using standardized testing data was supported, with the strongest predictors being the ATI Medical Surgical and ATI Mental Health tests. [
J Nurs Educ.
2014;53(3):151–159.]
Corneal Cross-linking for Treatment of Progressive Keratoconus in Various Age Groups
Authors: Soeters Nienke , van der Valk Rikkert , Tahzib Nayyirih G.
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:

To compare the effect of corneal cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus in various age groups and to investigate the influence of the topographic cone location on the outcome of CXL.

METHODS:

This cohort study included 95 patients (119 eyes) diagnosed as having progressive keratoconus who underwent epithelium-off standard protocol CXL from January 2010 through May 2012. For statistical analysis, patients were divided into three age groups: pediatric patients (< 18 years), adolescent patients (18 to 26 years), and adults (> 26 years). Visual acuity and refraction, topography, intraocular pressure, and endothelial cell counts were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Topographic cones were located more centrally in pediatric corneas (0.85 ± 0.66 mm) compared to adolescent corneas (1.49 ± 0.76 mm,
P
= .002) and adult corneas (1.86 ± 0.99 mm,
P
< .001). Pediatric corneas flattened 1 year after CXL by a mean of 1.8 diopters (D), compared to 1.1 D in the other age groups. Central cones (0 to 1 mm) were steeper (62.3 ± 8.3 D) before treatment than peripheral cones (3 to 4 mm) (55.9 ± 8.9 D). One year after CXL, corrected distance visual acuity improved in all age groups, with the highest improvement in pediatric eyes (−0.23 ± 0.40 logMAR,
P
= .044).

CONCLUSIONS:

Before CXL, cones of pediatric keratoconic corneas were located more centrally than in the two older age groups. After CXL, pediatric corneas showed more corneal flattening and more corrected distance visual acuity improvement. Pediatric CXL was equally safe compared to adolescent and adult CXL.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(7):454–460.]
Higher-Order Aberrations Associated With Better Near Visual Acuity in Eyes With Aspheric Monofocal IOLs
Authors: Song In Seok , Kim Myoung Joon , Yoon Sam Young , Kim Jae Yong , Tchah Hungwon
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:

To investigate higher-order aberrations (HOAs) related to increased uncorrected near visual acuity in eyes with aspheric monofocal intraocular lenses.

METHODS:

All patients underwent phacoemulsifica-tion followed by implantation of aspheric monofocal intraocular lenses with a negative spherical aberration (Tecnis one-piece, ZCB00; Abbott Medical Optics, Inc., Milpitas, CA). The distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA), corrected near visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected distance visual acuity, defocus curve, and ocular and corneal HOAs were examined 1 month after surgery. All near visual acuity measurements were taken with a 4-mm external aperture after pharmacologic dilation. Eyes were divided into two groups according to the DCNVA: eyes with DCNVA of 0.4 logMAR (20/50 Snellen) or better (0.4 logMAR or better group) and eyes with DCNVA worse than 0.4 logMAR (0.4 logMAR or worse group). The HOAs for a 4-mm pupil between the two groups were compared.

RESULTS:

A total of 37 eyes of 36 patients were included. The mean ocular spherical aberration was −0.010 ± 0.033
μ
m in the 0.4 logMAR or better group and −0.012 ± 0.023
μ
m in the 0.4 logMAR or worse group (
P
= .28). Among ocular HOAs, only vertical coma Z
3
−1
showed a significant difference between the groups, with a mean ocular vertical coma of −0.038 ± 0.043
μ
m in the 0.4 logMAR or better group and 0.015 ± 0.061
μ
m in the 0.4 logMAR or worse group (
P
= .01). In corneal HOAs, no components showed a significant difference between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

In cases of aspheric intraocular lens implantation, ocular vertical coma may be a major HOA associated with better near visual acuity. Although corneal aberrations are major determinants of ocular aberrations after cataract surgery, aberrations from internal optics may still play an important role in visual performance.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(7):442–446.]
Retrospective Evaluation of the Influence of Pupil Size on Visual Acuity After KAMRA Inlay Implantation
Authors: Tomita Minoru , Kanamori Tomomi , Waring George O. , Huseynova Tukezban
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:

To investigate the influence of pupil size on visual acuity after KAMRA inlay (AcuFocus, Inc., Irvine, CA) implantation.

METHODS:

Five hundred eighty-four presbyopic eyes of 584 patients who underwent LASIK were evaluated. Uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and corrected near visual acuity (CNVA) were measured. Two groups were classified: small pupil (pupil diameter < 6 mm) and large pupil (pupil diameter ≥ 6 mm) for both mesopic (pupil diameter < 4 mm) and photopic (pupil diameter ≥ 4 mm) pupil size parameters. The follow-up period was 6 months.

RESULTS:

There were no significant differences in UNVA (
P
= .98) and CNVA (
P
= .16) between the mesopic pupil size groups; however, there were significant differences in UDVA (
P
= .023) and CDVA (
P
= .039). There was a weak correlation between pupil size and UDVA of the large mesopic pupil size group (r
s
= 0.129,
P
= .04). There were no significant differences in UNVA (
P
= .78), CNVA (
P
= .92), UDVA (
P
= .19), and CDVA (
P
= .60) for the photopic pupil size groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pupil size does not have an influence on the resultant visual acuity after KAMRA inlay implantation. No correlation was found between preoperative and postoperative pupil size and visual acuity for the mesopic pupil groups.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(7):448–453.]
Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis Secondary to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
Authors: Bartolini Claudia E. , Liang Michelle C. , Goldberg Roger A. , Goldman Darin R. , Witkin Steve R. , Duker Jay S.
Published: July 2014

Progressive outer retinal necrosis is an aggressive form of necrotizing herpetic retinitis that presents in immunocompromised patients. It is usually secondary to varicella zoster virus or, rarely, herpes simplex virus type 1. The authors report a case of progressive outer retinal necrosis associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 in a patient with a history of congenital herpes.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:326–327.]
An ANT Analysis of Healthcare Services for the Nomadic Patients of Namibia
Authors: Iyamu Tiko , Hamunyela Suama
Published: July 2014

Patients seek attention and treatments to various types of diseases and symptoms. Diseases infection and symptoms are often not predictive. Normally, there is a spread and movement of people across the geographical locations, of both the rural and urban communities, in countries including Namibia. As such, healthcare could be needed at any location, and at any time. There is significant mobility of individuals and groups within a country. Unfortunately, the healthcare services are not always as mobile at the level and speed that individuals and groups does in Namibia. Hence, there is need for the mobility of healthcare services at both primary and secondary healthcare levels, particularly in the developing countries, such as Namibia. The population of Namibia is scantly spread among its towns and cities. The major towns and cities are situated, in the average of 175km far apart from each other, in the country's 825, 418km square landscape. The spread necessitates movements of individuals and groups, particularly the old, poor, and nomadic people. Unfortunately, healthcare records in the country are not centralised and virtualised, making accessibility into patients' records difficult or impossible, from any location. As a result, healthcare service delivering is challenged. This study therefore explored and examined the possibility of mobility of healthcare services to those who live in the country. The study employed the qualitative research method, within which data was gathered from primary healthcare service providers, using open-ended questionnaires. The Moments of Translation from the perspective of actor-network theory (ANT) was used as a lens in the analysis of the data, to examine and understand the power and factors, which influences mobility of healthcare service in Namibia. Categorisation of Patients, Response Time, Understanding the Actors, Actors' participatory to service delivery, and Actors' Alliance were found to be the influencing factors in the provision of mobility of healthcare services.
Organizational Factors Influencing the Use of Clinical Decision Support for Improving Cancer Screening Within Community Health Centers
Authors: Carney Timothy Jay , Weaver Michael , McDaniel Anna M. , Jones Josette , Haggstrom David A.
Published: July 2014

Adoption of clinical decision support (CDS) systems leads to improved clinical performance through improved clinician decision making, adherence to evidence-based guidelines, medical error reduction, and more efficient information transfer and to reduction in health care disparities in under-resourced settings. However, little information on CDS use in the community health care (CHC) setting exists. This study examines if organizational, provider, or patient level factors can successfully predict the level of CDS use in the CHC setting with regard to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. This study relied upon 37 summary measures obtained from the 2005 Cancer Health Disparities Collaborative (HDCC) national survey of 44 randomly selected community health centers. A multi-level framework was designed that employed an all-subsets linear regression to discover relationships between organizational/practice setting, provider, and patient characteristics and the outcome variable, a composite measure of community health center CDS intensity-of-use. Several organizational and provider level factors from our conceptual model were identified to be positively associated with CDS level of use in community health centers. The level of CDS use (e.g., computerized reminders, provider prompts at point-of-care) in support of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening rate improvement in vulnerable populations is determined by both organizational/practice setting and provider factors. Such insights can better facilitate the increased uptake of CDS in CHCs that allows for improved patient tracking, disease management, and early detection in cancer prevention and control within vulnerable populations.
Using the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) to Explain the Intention to Book Tourism Products Online
Authors: Sahli Alia Besbes , Legohérel Patrick
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this article is to investigate the factors influencing the intention to use the Internet to book tourism products online in Tunisian context. To this end, the authors selected the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) to help account for the intention to book online. The authors conduct an online survey. Data was obtained from 158 questionnaires and analyzed through regression. The study demonstrated the importance of causal relationships between predictor variables and the dependent variable, namely the intention to book online. A novel result, perceived usefulness does not admit a positive impact on the attitude towards online booking. Thus, the study has confirmed the explanatory power of the DTPB model in accounting for consumers' behavioral intention in the context of e-tourism.
The Impact of Trust on Virtual Team Effectiveness
Authors: El-Kassrawy Yasser A.
Published: July 2014

Given the important role of information technology, virtuality has become crucial issue in contemporary organizations. Virtual teams are comprised of members who are located in more than one physical location. They need to be effectively collaborating to harness their full performance capabilities in order to compete in the highly competitive environments. However, virtual team effectiveness is affected by determinants of trust which include three types; personality, cognitive and institutional-based trust. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of trust determinants on virtual team effectiveness represented in virtual team satisfaction and performance. Through a survey of 125 virtual team members who had experienced at least two years in this field, the results indicated that determinants of trust positively influence virtual team satisfaction and virtual team performance. The authors' structural equations modeling findings also support our hypothetical predictions that personality- based trust, cognitive- based trust and institutional- based trust have a dramatic impact on both of virtual team satisfaction and virtual team performance. Moreover, institutional- based trust is the uppermost driver of virtual team effectiveness. This study provides novel insights into virtual team behaviours, managerial and research implications for effective virtual team.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum-Sensing Molecule Homoserine Lactone Modulates Inflammatory Signaling through PERK and eI-F2α
Authors: Grabiner Mark A. , Fu Zhu , Wu Tara , Barry Kevin C. , Schwarzer Christian , Machen Terry E.
Published: July 2014

Pseudomonas aeruginosa secrete N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone (HSL-C12) as a quorum-sensing molecule to regulate bacterial gene expression. Because HSL-C12 is membrane permeant, multiple cell types in P. aeruginosa-infected airways may be exposed to HSL-C12, especially adjacent to biofilms where local (HSL-C12) may be high. Previous reports showed that HSL-C12 causes both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. To characterize HSL-C12’s pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in host cells, we measured protein synthesis, NF-κB activation, and KC (mouse IL-8) and IL-6 mRNA and protein secretion in wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). To test the role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer, PERK we compared these responses in PERK−/− and PERK-corrected PERK−/− MEF. During 4-h treatments of wild-type MEF, HSL-C12 potentially activated NF-κB p65 by preventing the resynthesis of IκB and increased transcription of KC and IL-6 genes (quantitative PCR). HSL-C12 also inhibited secretion of KC and/or IL-6 into the media (ELISA) both in control conditions and also during stimulation by TNF-α. HSL-C12 also activated PERK (as shown by increased phosphorylation of eI-F2α) and inhibited protein synthesis (as measured by incorporation of [35S]methionine by MEF). Comparisons of PERK−/− and PERK-corrected MEF showed that HSL-C12’s effects were explained in part by activation of PERK→phosphorylation of eI-F2α→inhibition of protein synthesis→reduced IκBα production→activation of NF-κB→increased transcription of the KC gene but reduced translation and secretion of KC. HSL-C12 may be an important modulator of early (up to 4 h) inflammatory signaling in P. aeruginosa infections.
Development and Implementation of a Decision Pathway for General Practitioners for the Management or Referral of Suspected Allergy
Authors: Jones Ray B. , Ashurst Emily J. , Jones Dafydd , Gude Roland , Kaminski Edward
Published: July 2014

Many patients with suspected allergy are referred to specialist care inappropriately. We aimed to develop and implement an online decision pathway to aid General Practitioners’ (GPs) management decisions in suspected allergy. Our study involved 1487 GPs, 3 referral management centres, 5 GP system suppliers, 4 primary care trusts, and 1 specialist allergy clinic. The pathway was implemented by 3/5 GP system suppliers, published to Map of Medicine and on a specialist clinic website. In the first year, the pathway ranked in the top 10/160 local care maps accessed via Map of Medicine and was viewed 900 times. Only 96 GPs registered to use the clinic website. Only 110 (7%) GPs responded to the feedback request, of which 13/110 (12%) had used the pathway; nearly all thought it useful. It was used by referral management centres as explanation of rejected referrals. Alternative approaches to embed its use are required.
COMPARISON OF ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TO OLDER AND NEWER QUINOLONES VERSUS PIPERACILLIN-TAZOBACTAM, CEFEPIME AND MEROPENEM IN FEBRILE PATIENTS WITH CANCER IN TWO REFERRAL PEDIATRIC CENTERS IN TEHRAN, IRAN
Authors: Nateghian Ali , Robinson Joan , Vosough P. , Navidinia M. , Malekanl M. , Mehrvar A. , Sobuti B. , Bahadoran Pooria , Gholinejad Z.
Published: July 2014

Infection in pediatric cancer patients has become a concerning problem due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. The goal of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of blood isolates from pediatric oncology patients in Iran to determine if quinolones are appropriate for empiric therapy. Methods Children with cancer who were admitted with or developed fever during admission to Aliasghar Children’s Hospital or Mahak Hospitals July 2009 through June 2011 were eligible for enrollment. Two blood cultures were obtained.  Antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed for ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, meropenem, cefepime, and piperacillin-tazobactam on isolates from children who were bacteremic. Results Blood cultures were positive for 39 episodes in 169 enrolled children but 9 episodes were excluded as blood cultures were thought to be contaminated,  yielding a bacteremia rate of 29/160 (18%). The mean age of children and the stage of malignancy did not differ between those with and without bacteremia. Meropenem was the most likely antibiotic to cover isolates (97%) with cefepime having the lowest coverage rate (21%). Quinolone coverage ranged from 63%  to 76%. Conclusion Quinolones are not suitable for use as empiric therapy in febrile pediatric oncology patients in Iran.
DNA Methylation at the Novel CpG Sites in the Promoter ofMED15/PCQAPGene as a Biomarker for Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Ovchinnikov Dmitry A. , Wan Yunxia , Coman William B. , Pandit Pratibala , Cooper-White Justin J. , Herman James G. , Punyadeera Chamindie
Published: July 2014

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) represent a significant and ever-growing burden to the modern society, mainly due to the lack of early diagnostic methods. A significant number of HNCs is often associated with drinking, smoking, chewing beetle nut, and human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. We have analyzed DNA methylation patterns in tumor and normal tissue samples collected from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients who were smokers. We have identified novel methylation sites in the promoter of the mediator complex subunit 15 ( MED15/PCQAP) gene (encoing a co-factor important for regulation of transcription initiation for promoters of many genes), hyper methylated specifically in tumor cells. Two clusters of CpG dinucleotides methylated in tumors, but not in normal tissue from the same patients, were identified. These CpG methylation events in saliva samples were further validated in a separate cohort of HNSCC patients (who developed cancer due to smoking or HPV infections) and healthy controls using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). We used saliva as a biological medium because of its non-invasive nature, close proximity to the tumors, easiness and it is an economically viable option for large-scale screening studies. The methylation levels for the two identified CpG clusters were significantly different between the saliva samples collected from healthy controls and HNSCC individuals (Welch's t-test returning P < 0.05 and Mann–Whitney test P < 0.01 for both). The developed MSP assays also provided a good discriminative ability with AUC values of 0.70 ( P < 0.01) and 0.63 ( P < 0.05). The identified novel CpG methylation sites may serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers for detecting HNSCC.
Planar maps, circle patterns and 2D gravity
Authors: David François , Eynard Bertrand
Published: July 2014

Via circle pattern techniques, random planar triangulations (with angle variables) are mapped onto Delaunay triangulations in the complex plane. The uniform measure on triangulations is mapped onto a conformally invariant spatial point process. We show that this measure can be expressed as: (1) a sum over 3-spanning-trees partitions of the edges of the Delaunay triangulations; (2) the volume form of a Kähler metric over the space of Delaunay triangulations, whose prepotential has a simple formulation in term of ideal tessellations of the 3d hyperbolic space

\mathbb{H}_3

; (3) a discretized version (involving finite difference complex derivative operators

\nabla,\bar\nabla

) of Polyakov's conformal Fadeev-Popov determinant in 2d gravity; (4) a combination of Chern classes, thus also establishing a link with topological 2d gravity.
Formal multidimensional integrals, stuffed maps, and topological recursion
Authors: Borot Gaëtan
Published: July 2014

We show that the large

N

expansion in the multi-trace 1 formal hermitian matrix model is governed by a topological recursion with initial conditions. In terms of a 1

d

gas of eigenvalues, this model includes – on top of the squared Vandermonde – multilinear interactions of any order between the eigenvalues. In this problem, the initial data (

\omega_1^0, \omega_2^0

) of the topological recursion is characterized: for

\omega_1^0

, by a non-linear, non-local Riemann-Hilbert problem on the discontinuity locus

\Gamma

to determine; for

\omega_2^0

, by a related but linear, non-local Riemann-Hilbert problem on the discontinuity locus

\Gamma

. In combinatorics, this model enumerates discrete surfaces (maps) whose elementary 2-cells can have any topology -

\omega_1^0

being the generating series of disks,

\omega_2^0

that of cylinders. In particular, by substitution one may consider maps whose elementary cells are themselves maps, for which we propose the name ”stuffed maps”. In a sense, our results complete the program of the ”moment method” initiated in the 90s to compute the formal 1/

N

in the one hermitian matrix model.
Regularity Results for a Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes System with Shear Dependent Viscosity
Authors: Grasselli Maurizio , Pražák Dalibor
Published: July 2014

We analyze a diffuse interface model describing the behavior of a mixture of two incompressible fluids. More precisely, we consider Navier-Stokes type equations with power-law like shear dependent viscosity. Such equations are nonlinearly coupled with a convective Cahn-Hilliard equation for the order parameter. The resulting system is endowed with no-slip and no-flux boundary conditions. We prove some regularity properties of weak solutions under rather general conditions. This is a generalization of previous results already proven for single fluids. Some consequences of such results are also addressed.
Kuratowski's Measure of Noncompactness with Respect to Thompson's Metric
Authors: Herzog Gerd , Kunstmann Peer Christian
Published: July 2014

It is known that the interior of a normal cone

K

in a Banach space is a complete metric space with respect to Thompson's metric

d

. We prove that Kuratowski's measure of noncompactness

\tau

in

(K°; d)

has the Mazur-Darbo property and that, as a consequence, an analog of Darbo-Sadovskii's fixed point theorem is valid in

(K°; d)

. We show that the properties of

\tau

partly differ to the classical case. Among others

\tau

is nicely compatible with the multiplication in ordered Banach algebras.
The impact of adherence on costs and effectiveness of telemedical patient management in heart failure
Authors: Sauermann S. , Schreier G. , Hameed A. S.
Published: July 2014

Objective: This paper analyzes evidence of the impact of patients’ adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological recommendations on the treatment costs of heart failure (HF) patients.

Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Papers were searched using various combinations of the following keywords: ‘telemedicine’, ‘telemonitoring’, ‘telehealth’, ‘eHealth’, ‘remote monitoring’, ‘adherence’, ‘compliance’, ‘cost-effectiveness’, ‘cost-benefit’, ‘heart failure’, ‘healthcare costs’, ‘hospitalization’, and ‘drug costs’. We included only papers written in English or German, published between 1998 and 2014, and having one of our search terms in the title.

Results: Initially, 73 papers were selected. After a detailed review, these were narrowed done to 9 that reported an association between adherence and/or compliance and costs. However, none established a quantitative relationship between adherence and total healthcare costs.

Conclusion: A model-based cost-effectiveness analysis that appropriately considers adherence has not been carried out so far, but is needed to fully understand the potential economic benefits of telehealth.

Citation: Hameed AS, Sauermann S, Schreier G. The impact of adherence on costs and effectiveness of telemedical patient management in heart failure: A systematic review. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 612–620

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-04-RA-0037
Global top-down smoke-aerosol emissions estimation using satellite fire radiative power measurements
Authors: Ichoku C. , Ellison L.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Fire emissions estimates have long been based on bottom-up approaches that are not only complex, but also fraught with compounding uncertainties. We present the development of a global gridded (1° × 1°) emission coefficients (Ce) product for smoke total particulate matter (TPM) based on a top-down approach using coincident measurements of fire radiative power (FRP) and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) sensors aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. This new Fire Energetics and Emissions Research version 1.0 (FEER.v1) Ce product has now been released to the community and can be obtained from
On clocks and clouds
Authors: Witte M. K. , Chuang P. Y. , Feingold G.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Cumulus clouds exhibit a life cycle that consists of (a) the growth phase (increasing size, most notably in the vertical direction); (b) the mature phase (growth ceases; any precipitation that develops is strongest during this period); and (c) the dissipation phase (cloud dissipates because of precipitation and/or entrainment; no more dynamical support). Although radar can track clouds over time and give some sense of the age of a cloud, most aircraft in situ measurements lack temporal context. We use large eddy simulations of trade wind cumulus cloud fields from cases during the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) and Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) campaigns to demonstrate a potential cumulus cloud "clock." We find that the volume-averaged total water mixing ratio rt is a useful cloud clock for the 12 clouds studied. A cloud's initial rt is set by the subcloud mixed-layer mean rt and decreases monotonically from the initial value due primarily to entrainment. The clock is insensitive to aerosol loading, environmental sounding and extrinsic cloud properties such as lifetime and volume. In some cases (more commonly for larger clouds), multiple pulses of buoyancy occur, which complicate the cumulus clock by replenishing rt. The clock is most effectively used to classify clouds by life phase.
Modeling dust as component minerals in the Community Atmosphere Model: development of framework and impact on radiative forcing
Authors: Scanza R. A. , Mahowald N. , Ghan S. , Zender C. S. , Kok J. F. , Liu X. , Zhang Y.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The mineralogy of desert dust is important due to its effect on radiation, clouds and biogeochemical cycling of trace nutrients. This study presents the simulation of dust radiative forcing as a function of both mineral composition and size at the global scale using mineral soil maps for estimating emissions. Externally mixed mineral aerosols in the bulk aerosol module in the Community Atmosphere Model version 4 (CAM4) and internally mixed mineral aerosols in the modal aerosol module in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1 (CAM5) embedded in the Community Earth System Model version 1.0.5 (CESM) are speciated into common mineral components in place of total dust. The simulations with mineralogy are compared to available observations of mineral atmospheric distribution and deposition along with observations of clear-sky radiative forcing efficiency. Based on these simulations, we estimate the all-sky direct radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere as +0.05 W m−2 for both CAM4 and CAM5 simulations with mineralogy and compare this both with simulations of dust in release versions of CAM4 and CAM5 (+0.08 and +0.17 W m−2) and of dust with optimized optical properties, wet scavenging and particle size distribution in CAM4 and CAM5, −0.05 and −0.17 W m−2, respectively. The ability to correctly include the mineralogy of dust in climate models is hindered by its spatial and temporal variability as well as insufficient global in-situ observations, incomplete and uncertain source mineralogies and the uncertainties associated with data retrieved from remote sensing methods.
Bromine partitioning in the tropical tropopause layer: implications for stratospheric injection
Authors: Fernandez R. P. , Salawitch R. J. , Kinnison D. E. , Lamarque J.-F. , Saiz-Lopez A.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Very short-lived (VSL) bromocarbons are produced at a prodigious rate by ocean biology and these source compounds (SGVSL), together with their degradation inorganic products (PGVSL), are lofted by vigorous convection to the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Using a state-of-the-art photochemical mechanism within a global model, we calculate annual average stratospheric injection of total bromine due to VSL sources to be 5 pptv, with ~3 pptv entering the stratosphere as PGVSL and ~2 pptv as SGVSL. The geographic distribution and partitioning of VSL bromine within the TTL, and its consequent stratospheric injection, is highly dependent on the oceanic flux, the strength of convection and the occurrence of heterogeneous recycling reactions. Our calculations indicate atomic Br should be the dominant inorganic species in large regions of the TTL during daytime, due to the low ozone and cold conditions of this region. We propose the existence of a "tropical ring of atomic bromine" located approximately between 15 and 19 km and 30° N to 30° S. Daytime Br / BrO ratios of up to ~4 are predicted within the Br ring in regions of highly convective transport, such as the tropical Western Pacific. Then, we suggest experimental programs designed to quantify the bromine budget of the TTL and the stratospheric injection of VSL biogenic bromocarbons should include a strategy for the measurement of atomic Br during daytime and HOBr or BrCl during nighttime.
Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) scientific objectives
Authors: Riese M. , Oelhaf H. , Preusse P. , Blank J. , Ern M. , Friedl-Vallon F. , Fischer H. , Guggenmoser T. , Höpfner M. , Hoor P. , Kaufmann M. , Orphal J. , Plöger F. , Spang R. , Suminska-Ebersoldt O. , Ungermann J. , Vogel B. , Woiwode W.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) represents an important part of the climate system. Even small changes in the composition and dynamic structure of this region have significant radiative effects. Quantifying the underlying physical and chemical processes therefore represents a crucial task. Currently, there is a lack of UTLS observations with sufficient three-dimensional resolution. The Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) aircraft instrument addresses this observational lack by providing observations of numerous trace constituents as well as temperature and cloud structures with an unprecedented combination of vertical resolution (up to 300 m) and horizontal resolution (about 30 km × 30 km). As a result, important scientific questions concerning stratosphere–troposphere exchange, the occurrence of subvisible cirrus clouds in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS), polar chemistry, and gravity wave processes can be addressed, as reviewed in this paper.
Intercomparison of an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) with ambient fine aerosol measurements in downtown Atlanta, Georgia
Authors: Budisulistiorini S. H. , Canagaratna M. R. , Croteau P. L. , Baumann K. , Edgerton E. S. , Kollman M. S. , Ng N. L. , Verma V. , Shaw S. L. , Knipping E. M. , Worsnop D. R. , Jayne J. T. , Weber R.J. , Surratt J. D.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Currently, there are a limited number of field studies that evaluate the long-term performance of the Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) against established monitoring networks. In this study, we present seasonal intercomparisons of the ACSM with collocated fine aerosol (PM2.5) measurements at the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) Jefferson Street (JST) site near downtown Atlanta, GA, during 2011–2012. Intercomparison of two collocated ACSMs resulted in strong correlations (r2 > 0.8) for all chemical species, except chloride (r2 = 0.21) indicating that ACSM instruments are capable of stable and reproducible operation. In general, speciated ACSM mass concentrations correlate well (r2 > 0.7) with the filter-adjusted continuous measurements from JST, although the correlation for nitrate is weaker (r2 = 0.55) in summer. Correlations of the ACSM NR-PM1 (non-refractory particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 1 μm) plus elemental carbon (EC) with tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) PM2.5 and Federal Reference Method (FRM) PM1 mass are strong with r2 > 0.7 and r2 > 0.8, respectively. Discrepancies might be attributed to evaporative losses of semi-volatile species from the filter measurements used to adjust the collocated continuous measurements. This suggests that adjusting the ambient aerosol continuous measurements with results from filter analysis introduced additional bias to the measurements. We also recommend to calibrate the ambient aerosol monitoring instruments using aerosol standards rather than gas-phase standards. The fitting approach for ACSM relative ionization for sulfate was shown to improve the comparisons between ACSM and collocated measurements in the absence of calibrated values, suggesting the importance of adding sulfate calibration into the ACSM calibration routine.