bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of invitro Regeneration Protocol in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia)
Authors: N. Kale Anil , M. Adlinge Pradip , G. Waghmare Vaibhav , K. Raut Vijay , L. Abhang Sachin
Published: April 2024

In the present study an attempt was made for in vitro regeneration of bitter gourd cv. “BSS-1007”. In plant breeding tissue culture techniques play as an important role for rapid multiplication of particularly desirable genotype of F1 hybrids, gynoecious lines, triploid hybrid plants etc. where seed costs are high. Seeds of bitter gourd cv. BSS-1007 were surface sterilized with bavistin (0.1%) for 1 hr. followed by 70% ethanol (v/v) for 1 minutes and then 0.1% HgCl2 (w/v) solution for 5 minutes. After sterilization seeds were cultured on ½ MS medium for explants preparation. For direct multiple shoot induction, auxiliary bud and shoot apical meristem explants were cultured separately on MS media supplemented with different concentrations of BAP. Among these combinations, 1.0 mg/l BAP was found most effective for shoot induction from auxiliary buds producing maximum 3.19 numbers of shoots with minimum 7.30 days required for shoot initiation. While, MS medium fortified with 1.5 mg/l BAP was suitable for shoot induction from shoot apical meristem producing maximum 2.33 numbers of shoots with minimum 7.67 days required for shoot initiation. In vitro rooting of shoots was done by using MS medium fortified with different concentrations of IBA. Among these different rooting media, MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l IBA was best for rooting on which highest average number of roots (40.71) were produced with minimum average days required for root induction (6.57days). Rooted plantlets were washed thoroughly and transferred to polythene cups containing coco-peat and acclimatized in green house condition.
Diagnostics of the medical lexis mastering by Arabic-speaking medical students using mnemonics within the Russian as a foreign language classes
Authors: Leonteva L. N.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the issue of the medical lexis mastering by Arabic-speaking medical students using mnemonics in the framework of Russian as a foreign language classes. The main demand in Arab countries is the high level of education of graduates of medical faculties.

Purpose setting. The author of the article aims to determine the level of mastering and training of these medical students in professional lexis during an experiment with experimental and control groups of Arab students.

Methodology and methods of the study. The methodological basis of the study was the application of the author’s mnemonics methodology in the experimental group and training without mnemonics of the control group of Arab students. During the formative experiment, the level of the medical lexis mastering by Arab medical students was determined.

Results. The methodology of mnemonics was introduced by the author in classes with foreign students from Arab countries of the 2-3-4 courses of the Medical Faculty of Ulyanovsk State University, studying in the specialty «Medicine». Studies conducted with experimental and control groups of students, after applying the author’s methodology, showed: in the experimental group, the average level of mastering was 91 %, and in the control group – 55 %, which indicates the effectiveness of the method used.

Conclusions. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the methodology of mnemonics significantly increases the mastering of the material, and also has a positive effect on the learning of medical students.
The phenomenon of autodidactism as a subject of psychological research
Authors: Menshikov P. V.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the psychological features of the phenomenon of self-learning based on the self-study of foreign languages.

Purpose setting. The aim of the study was to clarify the issue of psychological aspects of self-learning of foreign languages in the context of autodidactic communication.

Methodology and methods of the study. The methodological basis of the work was the domestic approach, which considers self-learning activities as a full-fledged specific activity, involving the development of subjectivity and semantic attitudes of its participants. Variants of correlation and partial coupling of the processes of didactic and autodidactic communication are considered. The empirical basis of the study was the survey method. Data on motivational and operational aspects of autodidactic communication were obtained from a sample of respondents who were self-taught in a foreign language. The study touched upon the external, socially-oriented aspects of autodidactic communication, the goals, motives and meanings of self-learning reflected by autodidacts, as well as their preferred self-learning strategies.

Results. The study states the communicative selectivity and self-sufficiency of autodidacts, the internal inconsistency of their motives that encourage self-learning, which is associated with the difficulties of becoming subjectivity in the conditions of autodidactic communication. It can be stated that the autodidacts studied by us act more as «teachers for themselves» than as «subjects of autodidactic communication». The external, socio-psychological aspect of autodidactic communication, as the results of the study show, is not leading in making a subjective decision to start self-study. Its influence is mediated by a system of personal meanings and individual preferences of autodidacts.

Conclusion. The self-learning strategies preferred by autodidacts are mainly based on communication with texts and other media, while the interpersonal aspect of learning is significantly reduced and is found only in an indirect, «filmed form» as an extension of the possibilities of upcoming, probable communication in the language being studied. Further research on this problem will contribute to strengthening the psychological resources of autodidactic communication, their more competent use in the process of self-study. The psychological patterns and conditions of autodidactic communication studied on the material of self-study of foreign languages can be applied to a wider range of academic subjects in the future.
Prospects for restarting the «Siberian Project» to divert part of the river flow from Western Siberia to Central Asia
Authors: Solovyov A. A. , Lizunov V. V.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to a problem that was sensational in the second half of the 20 th century, which stirred up the public and political consciousness of the citizens of the country. In the discussion of this project, the first ecological, moral, ethical principles of the relationship between society, power and nature were put. Practice has shown that modern strategic and tactical projects should initially take into account not only economic benefits, but also conservation of natural resources, social benefits, environmental security of the state and public opinion.
Improving the efficiency of human capital of the agricultural sector in the cross-border territory: development, challenges and prospects
Authors: Kuznetsova I. G. , Khismatulin R. R.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. The concept of increasing the efficiency of human capital in the agricultural sector in the cross-border area represents a strategic approach to optimizing the management of resources, knowledge and labor potential in agriculture at the borders of different countries. This concept includes many factors such as international cooperation, exchange of experience, cross-border innovation and sustainable development.

Purpose setting. In this regard, the article is devoted to the analysis of factors affecting the development of human capital in the agricultural sector in cross-border territories, as well as to the identification of challenges and prospects facing this industry.

Methodology and methods of the study. The object of the research is the organizational and economic relations that arise in the process of formation and development of human capital in the agricultural sector in cross-border territories. The subject of the research is the conditions, factors, principles and mechanisms that arise in the process of human capital formation. The object of observation was agrarian economic entities and their employees, state agricultural management bodies, educational institutions of agrarian profile, various representatives of the rural population, including rural youth. Depending on the tasks to be solved, the following research methods were used: monographic, abstract-logical, bibliographic, etc.

Results. The article clarifies the definition of «increasing the efficiency of human capital», the authors present the features of cross-border territories and their impact on the agricultural sphere. The results of the study are of practical and scientific value for the development of human capital in agricultural sector.

Conclusion. Cross-border territories have a unique potential to improve the efficiency of human capital, as they provide opportunities to work with diverse cultures, languages, traditions and climatic conditions. It provides greater access to resources and expertise, which contributes to the development of more flexible and innovative approaches to human capital management. Current trends and innovations include the use of modern technologies in agriculture, such as process automation, the use of drones to monitor fields, the use of genetically modified organisms to improve crop yields and disease resistance, and the development of agritourism and sustainable rural development. In order for agriculture to develop successfully in line with current trends, it is necessary for agricultural workers to acquire new skills and competencies. Therefore, it is important to develop vocational education and training systems with a focus on border areas, so that specialists are ready to work in conditions typical of border areas and can effectively solve modern problems in agriculture.
Disproving Two Widely Accepted Notions Regarding Entropy
Authors: Chen Ji-Ming , Chen Ji-Wang
Published: April 2024

This article systematically disproves the notion that entropy is a measure of disorder and disproves Schrödinger's notion of negative entropy (negentropy) using multiple novel and compelling arguments. To mathematically describe the second law of thermodynamics, the concept of entropy was created and defined in the 1860s as heat energy divided by thermodynamic temperature, and the entropy of an object increases when it absorbs heat. This is the uncontroversial and fundamental nature of entropy, which is pivotal to current thermodynamics and from which multiple facts are deduced. These facts consistently disprove the above two widely accepted notions. Multiple biological facts (e.g., life orderliness is encoded and provided by inherited genes rather than entropy decline) can also disprove Schrödinger's negentropy notion. This article further elucidates the reasoning errors of the two notions. Moreover, the second law of thermodynamics and the notion that many natural or social systems tend to become more disordered over time result from distinct statistical probabilities and are hence independent of each other.
LSD2 is an Epigenetic Player in Multiple Types of Cancer and Beyond
Authors: Kim Hyun-Min , Liu Zifei
Published: April 2024

Histone demethylases, enzymes responsible for removing methyl groups from histone proteins, have emerged as critical players in regulating gene expression and chromatin dynamics, thereby influencing various cellular processes. LSD2 and LSD1 have attracted considerable interest among these demethylases because of their associations with cancer. However, while LSD1 has received significant attention, LSD2 has not been recognized to the same extent. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive comparison between LSD2 and LSD1, with a focus on exploring LSD2's implications. While both share structural similarities, LSD2 possesses unique features. Functionally, LSD2 shows diverse roles, particularly in cancer, with tissue-dependent roles. Additionally, LSD2 extends beyond histone demethylation, impacting DNA methylation and DNA damage repair pathways. This study underscores the distinct roles of LSD2, providing insights into their contributions to cancer and other cellular processes.
Determinants of Humanities and Social Sciences Students’ Intentions to Use Artificial Intelligence Applications for Academic Purposes
Authors: Lavidas Konstantinos , Voulgari Iro , Papadakis Stamatios , Athanassopoulos Stavros , Anastasiou Antigoni , Filippidi Andromachi , Komis Vassilis , Karacapilidis Nikos
Published: April 2024

Recent research emphasises the importance of Artificial Intelligence applications as supporting tools for students in higher education. Simultaneously, an intensive exchange of views has started in the public debate in the international educational community. However, for a more proper use of these applications, it is necessary to investigate the factors that explain their intention and actual use in the future. With the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model, this work analyses the factors influencing students' use and intention to use artificial intelligence technology. For this purpose, a sample of 199 Greek students at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences from the University of Patras participated in a survey. The findings highlight that expected performance, habit, and enjoyment of these Artificial Intelligence applications are key determinants influencing teachers' intentions to use them. Moreover, behavioural intention, habit, and facilitating conditions explain the usage of these Artificial Intelligence applications. The study did not reveal any moderating effects. The limitations, practical implications, and proposed directions for future research based on these results are discussed.
NegEnt Spray: An Original CE Medical Device, Based on Liposomal Cannabidiol and Chamomile Hydrolate, for the Treatment of Muscles and Joints
Authors: Scrimali Tullio
Published: April 2024

Musculoskeletal disorders are a common occurrence in Europe, affecting millions of people and costing billions of euros in social security services. Traditional treatments using drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause gastric damage, making prolonged use difficult. To address this issue, the Author has developed NegEnt Spray - Muscles and Joints, a topical medical device that uses liposomal cannabidiol and chamomile hydrolate to reduce inflammation and pain in musculoskeletal disorders. The liposomal technology used in NegEnt Spray allows for better bioavailability and a more targeted action, while chamomile hydrolate provides a natural anti-inflammatory and soothing effect. The spray is non-greasy, absorbs quickly, and can be used under any circumstances. Its pocket-sized design makes it easy to carry and use throughout the day. With NegEnt Spray, patients can alleviate discomfort and pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders without worrying about the side effects of traditional treatments.
Optimization of Composite Enzymatic Extraction, Structural Characterization and Biological Activity of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Akebia trifoliata Peel
Authors: Song Ya , Sun Guoshun , Wang Dian , Chen Jin , Lv Jun , Jiang Sixia , Zhang Guoqiang , Yu Shirui , Zheng Huayan
Published: April 2024

In order to reduce the waste of Akebia trifoliata peel and maximize its utilization. In this study, on the basis of single factor experiment and response surface method, the optimum technological conditions for the extraction of soluble dietary fiber from Akebia trifoliata peel by compound en-zyme method were obtained. The chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, structural characterization and biological activity of the purified soluble dietary fiber (AP-SDF) from the Akebia trifoliata peel were analyzed. We discovered that that the optimum yield was 20.87 % under the conditions of cellulase addition 600 U/g, enzymolysis time 100 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:24 g/mL and enzymolysis temperature 51 °C. At the same time, AP-SDF was a po-rous network structure cellulose type I acidic polysaccharose mainly composed of arabinoxylan (36.03%), galacturonic acid (27.40%) and glucose (19.00%), which possessed the structural charac-teristic peaks of the infrared spectra of polysaccharides, and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 95.52 kDa with good uniformity. In addition, AP-SDF exhibited high oil hold-ing capacity (15.11 g/g), good water holding capacity, swelling capacity, certain antioxidant ca-pacity in vitro, hypoglycemic activity in vitro of α-glucosidase inhibition and hypolipidemic ac-tivity in vitro of the binding ability of bile acids and cholesterol. These results will provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional products with antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, it has certain application value in related industries.
Ending Bowling Alone: Co-creating Values and Building Social Capital via Customer Engagement in Social Media
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Yu Hongxuan
Published: April 2024

This research explores the behaviors of Generation Z consumers in China, particularly focusing on their interaction with companies through social media for the joint creation of value. Adopting a qualitative methodology, the research initially constructs a scale for assessing co-creation of value on social media platforms. Subsequently, it delves into the motivational aspects of users' engagement in these co-creative activities. The study unveils a range of utilitarian and hedonic motivations that drive Generation Z's value co-creation actions on social media. Insights derived from the findings offer both theoretical and practical implications for the field.
Leucoverdazyls as novel potent inhibitors of enterovirus replication
Authors: Volobueva Alexandrina S. , Fedorchenko Tatyana G. , Lipunova Galina N. , Valova Marina S. , Sbarzaglia Valeria A. , Gladkikh Anna S. , Kanaeva Olga I. , Tolstykh Natalia A. , Gorshkov Andey N. , Zarubaev Vladimir V.
Published: April 2024

Enteroviruses (EV) are important pathogens causing human disease with various clinical manifestations. To date, treatment of enteroviral infections is mainly supportive since no vaccination or antiviral drugs are approved for their prevention or treatment. Here, we describe the antiviral properties and mechanisms of action of leucoverdazyls - novel heterocyclic compounds with antioxidant potential. The lead compound, 1a, demonstrated low cytotoxicity along with high antioxidant and virus-inhibiting activity. A viral strain resistant to 1a was selected, and the development of resistance was shown to be accompanied by mutation of virus-specific non-structural protein 2C. This resistant virus had lower fitness when grown in cell culture. Taken together, our results demonstrate high antiviral potential of leucoverdazyls as novel inhibitors of enterovirus replication and support previous evidence of an important role of 2C proteins in EV replication.
The Effect of Climate Change on Organic Honey Efficiency in Türkiye via Machine Learning
Authors: Sahin Demirel Ayca Nur
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the impact of climate change on the efficiency of organic honey production in Türkiye using a machine learning approach. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm is employed for the Machine Learning (ML) modelling. The analysis includes data on organic honey production performance from 2004 to 2023, spanning a period of 20 years, and 8 different climate variables (16 variables depending on daytime and nighttime values). The dataset created to investigate the impact of climate change on organic honey yield comprises 28 columns and 120,960 rows. The study aimed to determine the significance of different climatic variables on the efficiency of organic honey production. The study found that, in addition to daytime solar radiation and temperature, wind speed and direction were also important factors. The sensitivity analysis has shown that minor alterations in the variables have a significant impact on the model's predictions. Additionally, non-linear relationships between the variables and honey production were identified. These findings suggest that it may be beneficial to consider implementing climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in agricultural policies and beekeeping practices. The study suggests that machine learning has the potential to provide valuable insights into the complex relationship between climate change and agricultural production. This could aid in the sustainability and economic optimization of the sector.
The Role of Oxytocin in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cera Nicoletta , Pinto Joana , Pignatelli Duarte
Published: April 2024

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age representing the primary cause of anovulatory infertility. The nonapeptide oxytocin (OT) plays an important role in cognitive, emotional, and reproductive functions in human beings. Oxytocin receptors are expressed in several body parts including the ovaries. Despite this, the possible role played by oxytocin in symptoms of PCOS is not clear. The present systematic review aimed at understanding, the presence of possible oxytocin level alterations in PCOS, the connection between alterations of OT levels and the symptoms of PCOS, and the effect of oxytocin administration in PCOS. After a systematic search in the principal databases, seven studies, five human and two animal, were included. Most of the studies highlighted the role played by oxytocin in fertility issues related to PCOS. Studies that analyzed oxytocin basal levels in PCOS women agreed that PCOS is associated with a reduction in the serum level of oxytocin. Two studies found that in PCOS the serum levels of oxytocin were lower than healthy controls. One human and one animal study agreed about lower levels of PCOS, confirming a possible implication of a dysfunction of OT, in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
Magnetic Resonance Imagining Presentation of the Achilles Tendon Injuries – Examples from Our Practice
Authors: Stankov Stefan , Živković Vladimir , Stanković Dušan , Bubanj Saša , Sinanović Šćepan , Bjelica Bojan , Aksović Nikola , Bilalović Emir , Dobrescu Tatiana , Şlicaru Adina-Camelia
Published: April 2024

(1) Background: The aim of the research was to present and emphasize the importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures by presenting case reports. (2) Materials and Methods: The sample of respondents included 7 patients (4 males and 3 females, 2 athletes and 5 non-athletes), aged 25 to 58 years, with AT injuries, who were examined and treated at the Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation "Niška Banja", Niš, Serbia. Ankle examinations with MRI were conducted using the Esaote O-scan 0.3 T machine. The examinations were performed without the application of a paramagnetic contrast agent and without the use of anesthesia. Results: The MRI method's sensitivity and overall diagnostic accuracy were excellent, with 100% true positives. In our study, the method accurately detected the presence, location, and severity of AT injuries in all cases. MRI is an important and reliable method for detecting AT injuries, classifying them, monitoring the course of recovery, and assessing the effects of therapy. Conclusions: An unrecognized or delayed diagnosis of an AT injury can lead to chronic changes. Timely diagnosis (clinical examination, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging) and appropriate treatment (conservative or operative) enable patients to return to normal activities, including sports. Unfortunately, the use of MRI is limited by restricted access and the cost of the examination.
Understanding Macrophage Complexity in Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Transitioning from the M1/M2 Paradigm to Spatial Dynamics
Authors: Ahamed Forkan , Eppler Natalie , Jones Elizabeth , Zhang Yuxia
Published: April 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) encompasses metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver (MASL) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), with MASH posing a risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The global prevalence of MASLD is estimated at approximately a quarter of the population, with significant healthcare costs and implications for liver transplantation. The pathogenesis of MASLD involves intrahepatic liver cells, extrahepatic components, and immunological aspects, particularly the involvement of macrophages. Hepatic macrophages are a crucial cellular component of the liver and play vital roles in liver function, contributing significantly to tissue homeostasis and swift responses during pathophysiological conditions. Recent advancements in technology have revealed the remarkable heterogeneity and plasticity of hepatic macrophage populations and their activation states in MASLD, challenging traditional classification methods like the M1/M2 paradigm and highlighting the coexistence of harmful and beneficial macrophage phenotypes that are dynamically regulated during MASLD progression. This complexity underscores the importance of considering macrophage heterogeneity in therapeutic targeting strategies, including their distinct ontogeny and functional phenotypes. This review provides an overview of macrophage involvement in MASLD progression, combining traditional paradigms with recent insights from single-cell analysis and spatial dynamics. It also addresses unresolved questions and potential therapeutic targets in this area.
Effect of Protein (BSA) Content on the Frictional Behaviour of Soft Contact Lenses Using a Dynamic Oscillating Tribometer
Authors: Vilhena Luís , Ramalho Amílcar
Published: April 2024

Proteins have the ability to adsorb on the surface of materials, such as soft contact lenses (SCLs), and can affect the hydrophobicity, roughness and surface properties of the contact lenses (CLs), which, in turn, can influence the friction between the lenses and the ocular surface. Excessive friction between contact lenses and the ocular surface can lead to discomfort for the wearer and may cause irritation or inflammation of the cornea, better known as corneal ulcers (keratitis). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is often used as a standard protein in biocompatibility testing of materials, including contact lenses. One standard commercial contact lenses was tested under lubricated conditions to access the coefficient of friction (CoF), being the contact lubricated with a tear like fluid (TLF) solution containing six different concentrations of BSA. In all cases, a good linearity of the results of the friction force was verified, so the first friction law can be applied to determine the value of the coefficient of friction. It was found that friction increases with increasing protein concentration.
Identifying the Impact Factors on the Land Market in Nepal from Land Use Regulation
Authors: Subedi Nab Raj , McDougall Kevin , Paudyal Dev Raj
Published: April 2024

Measuring the impact of land use regulation on the land market involves identifying and classifying relevant impact factors related to the land market. The objective of this study was to identify land market impact factors in the context of the introduction of land use regulation in Nepal. A desktop review was carried out to identify preliminary set of impact factors, which were reclassified through intuitive analysis based on the degree of thematic closeness. Perspective-based impact factors were identified through the qualitative analysis of primary data collected through semi-structured interviews with the Nepalese land market stakeholders. These independently derived impact factors were compared with the desktop literature review impact factors resulting in fourteen land market impact factors across four dimensions, including transaction cost, valuation, mortgage availability, taxation, and compensation across the economic dimension; lot size, subdivision restrictions, and coordination across the institutional dimension; awareness, expectation and proximity across the social dimension; and risk reduction, quality of residential land, and suitability of zoning classification across the environmental dimension. There was significant overlap and commonality across factors identified from both the literature review and semi-structured interviews. The land market impact factors determined in the study may be adapted and generalized across other countries and could be utilized to better understand the impacts of land policy decisions on urban planning and development. Further research is recommended on the process to operationalize the use of these factors to quantify the impact of land use regulation on different land markets.
Ginkgo biloba: A Leaf of Hope in the Fight Against Alzheimer’s Dementia: Clinical Trial Systematic Review
Authors: Pagotto Guilherme Lopes de Oliveira , Santos Livia Maria Oliveira dos , Osman Najwa , Lamas Caroline Barbalho , Laurindo Lucas Fornari , Pomini Karina Torres , Guissoni Leila M. , Lima Enzo Pereira de , Goulart Ricardo de Alvares , Catharin Virginia M. C. Strozze , Direito Rosa , Tanaka Masaru , Barbalho Sandra Maria
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a stealthy and progressive neurological disorder that is a leading cause of dementia in the global elderly population, imposing a significant burden on both the elderly and society. Currently, the condition is treated with medications that alleviate symptoms. Nonetheless, these drugs may not consistently produce the desired results and can cause serious side effects. Hence, there is a vigorous pursuit of alternative options to enhance the quality of life for patients. Ginkgo biloba (GB), an herb with historical use in traditional medicine, contains bioactive compounds such as terpenoids (Ginkgolides A, B, and C), polyphenols, organic acids, and flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin). These compounds are associated with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, making them valuable for cognitive health. A systematic search across three databases using specific keywords GB in AD and dementia yielded 1702 documents, leading to the selection of 15 clinical trials for synthesis. In eleven studies, GB extract/EGb 761® was shown to improve cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and functional abilities in both dementia types. In four studies, however, there were no significant differences between the GB-treated and placebo groups. Significant improvements were observed in scores obtained from the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Short Cognitive Performance Test (SKT), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). While the majority of synthesized clinical trials show Ginkgo biloba has promising potential in these conditions, more research is needed to determine optimal dosages, effective delivery methods, and appropriate pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, a thorough assessment of adverse effects, exploration of long-term use implications, and investigation into potential drug interactions are critical aspects that must be carefully evaluated in future studies.
A Hypothesis: Covid-Induced Micro-clots Are Formed Only during Sero-Conversion
Authors: Vere Hodge R  Anthony
Published: April 2024

The severe and complex COVID-19 symptoms, often needing hospital care, occur suddenly, late in the virus replication stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hospitalised patients have tissue damage due to micro-clots at multiple sites. Could long-covid, also clinically variable, be a milder form caused by “nano-clots”, too small to cause detectable tissue damage? The timing and suddenness of the onset of serious disease needs an explanation. A paper reported on the first 20 children needing urgent hospital care. No child had any symptoms prior to suddenly becoming seriously ill, only one had a positive PCR test but all had positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody test. That finding indicated to me that this onset occurred at the moment of sero-conversion. An emerging viral moiety, the virion-IgG-antibody complex, has concentrations rapidly increasing, then decreasing. It is known that influenza-IgG-antibody-complex consists of many virions bound together by the antibody. It seems a reasonable step to propose that SARS-2, being a large virus and having many spike proteins, can form larger clumps of virus-IgG-antibody complexes than with influenza, the former being sufficiently large to initiate micro-clots. Therefore, my hypotheses is that the SARS-CoV-2 virion-antibody complex initiates micro-clot formation. Either before or after sero-conversion, the complex will be at too low a concentration to initiate micro-clots. To be useful, a hypothesis should be testable, provide explanations and give predictions. My presentation will give examples. I like the way that several apparently separate pieces of a jig-saw puzzle have come together to form a single picture. [I suggest that the reader scrolls down to the addenda [10,11 & 12] before reading the ICAR Poster]
The Potential Use of the Pelagic Seaweed Sargassum spp. as an Alternative Lignocellulosic Raw Material for Particleboards: Technical Viability and Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Duran Afonso José , Lyra Gabriela Pitolli , Campos Filho Luiz Eduardo , Bueno Cristiane , Rossignolo João Adriano , Alves-Lima Cicero , Fiorelli Juliano
Published: April 2024

There have been beaching events of the marine alga pelagic sargassum in coastal regions of the Caribbean Sea, West African countries, and the north-northeast region of Brazil since 2011. Its presence has caused environmental and socioeconomic impacts while several studies were conducted in order to understand the causes of this phenomenon, as well as alternatives to mitigate its impacts. The objective of this research was to evaluate pelagic sargassum biomass as a raw material for the manufacture of medium-density multilayer particleboards. These are composed of 30% sargassum particles in their inner layer and 70% sugarcane bagasse particles on their outer layers which are bonded with castor oil-based polyurethane resin. A physical and chemical characterization was carried out in order to evaluate sargassum particles while physical and mechanical tests were carried out in order to evaluate the panels. Results were subsequently compared with indications from NBR 14810-2:2018 and ISO 16893:2016 standards. A life cycle assessment based on ISO 14040:2006 and 14044:2006 was carried out as to complement the feasibility study of these panels and to compare their different manufacturing processes. The multilayer panels met the minimum requirements for physical and mechanical properties established by regulations, indicating that the Sargassum spp. biomass can be used as filling. The life cycle assessment study indicates that sargassum panels produced in the Belém-PA-Brazil region present lower environmental impacts in four of seven evaluated categories when compared to conventional panels. As such, they constitute an alternative way to mitigate environmental impacts generated by beaching events.
Recent Advances towards Catalytic Compounds Developed by Thermal Treatment of Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ferreira Catarina E. S. , Balula Salete S. , Cunha-Silva Luís
Published: April 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been subject of extensive scientific investigation in the last three decades and, currently, are one of the type of compounds most studied to be potentially applied in a wide range of distinct catalytic processes. Pristine MOF compounds provide several intriguing benefits for catalytic applications, including high interior surface areas and densities of active sites, allowing high catalytic reaction rates per volume, post-synthesis modified with com-plementary catalytic groups, enabling multiple functional groups to catalyze the reaction. Most of large-scale catalytic applications, including those in fuel processing, gas emission reduction and chemical synthesis, nevertheless the pristine MOFs often reveal limited stabilities and opportuni-ties for regeneration at high temperatures. As a result, the real applications of MOFs in these tech-nologies are likely to be constrained, and their controlled thermal modification aiming the prepa-ration of MOF-derivative compounds has been applied to induce crystalline structural changes and increase their structural stability, enhancing its potential applicability in more severe catalytic processes. Recent advances concerning the use of this strategy to boost the catalytic potential of the MOF-derivative compounds are outlined in this short-review article.
Characterization of Grape Pomace Extract Microcapsules – the Influence of Carbohydrate Co-coating on the Stabilisation of Goat Whey Protein as Primary Coating
Authors: Perković Gabriela , Martinović Josipa , Šelo Gordana , Bucić-Kojić Ana , Planinić Mirela , Ambrus Rita
Published: April 2024

Both grape pomace and whey are waste products from the food industry that are rich in valuable ingredients. The utilisation of these two by-products is becoming increasingly possible as consumer awareness of upcycling increases. The biological activities of grape pomace extract (GPE) are diverse and depend on its bioavailability, which is influenced by processes in the digestive system. In this work, goat whey protein (GW) was used as the primary coating to protect the phenolic compounds of GPE during the spray drying process. In addition, trehalose (T), sucrose (S), xylose (X) and maltodextrin (MD) were added to the goat whey proteins as co-coatings and protein stabilisers. All spray drying experiments resulted in microcapsules (MC) with high encapsulation efficiency (77.6—95.5%) and yield (91.5—99.0%) and almost 100% recovery of phenolic compounds during the release test. For o-coumaric acid, the GW-coated microcapsules (MC) showed a bioavailability index of up to 731.23%. A semi-crystalline structure and hydrophilicity are characteristics of the MC coated with 10% T, S, X or 5% MD. GW alone or in combination with T, S, MD or X has proven to be a promising carrier for polyphenols from grape pomace extract and ensures good bioavailability of these natural antioxidants.
Nutritional Trends in Cystic Fibrosis: Insights from the Italian Cystic Fibrosis Patient Registry
Authors: Salvatore Donatello , Padoan Rita , Amato Annalisa , Salvatore Marco , Campagna Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

Background: Over the past decades, efforts have been made to improve the nutritional well-being in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Due to the correlation observed between nutritional indices and lung function, prevailing recommendations consistently advocate for BMI percentile goals at or above the 50th percentile in pwCF. Recent global trends show a notable increase in overweight and obese statuses among pwCF. This study aims to explore the nutritional status of Italian pwCF.
Methods: Data from the Italian CF Patient’s Registry were analysed to assess the proportion of individuals categorized as underweight, target weight, overweight, and obese from 2010 to 2021. Patient-level comparison data from 2021 were also examined to identify potential determinants of overweight and obesity.
Results: Analysis spanning 2010 to 2021 reveals a decrease of approximately 40% in underweight status among adults, while the proportion of malnourished patients 90, and lower prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization.
Conclusions: Our study confirms the evolving nutritional status landscape among Italian adult pwCF, with a significant shift towards overweight and obesity over the past decade. These trends highlight the need for proactive measures within CF standards of care to adapt and address the changing needs of patients.
Seed Coat Pigmentation Plays a Crucial Role in Partner Selection and N2 Fixation in Legume Root-Microbe Associations in African Soils
Authors: Jaiswal Sanjay K. , Dakora Felix D
Published: April 2024

The legume-rhizobia symbiosis is one of the most important plant-microbe interactions in sustainable agriculture due to its ability to provide much needed N to cropping systems. This interaction is mediated by the mutual recognition of signaling molecules from the two partners, namely legumes and rhizobia. With legumes, these molecules are in the form of flavonoids and anthocyanins, which are responsible for the pigmentation of plants parts, such as seeds, flowers, fruits and even leaves. Seed coat pigmentation in legumes is a dominant factor influencing gene expression relating to N2 fixation, and may be responsible for the different N2-fixing abilities observed among legume genotypes under field conditions in African soils. Cowpea, Kersting’s bean and Bambara groundnut landraces with black seed coat color are reported to release higher concentrations of nod-gene-inducing flavonoids and anthocyanins when compared to the Red and Cream landraces, hence the black seed coat pigmentation is considered a biomarker for enhanced nodulation and N2 fixation. Cowpea, Bambara groundnut and Kersting’s bean with differing seed coat colors are known to attract different native soil rhizobia, confirmable by PCR-RFLP analysis of bacterial DNA from root nodules of these legumes. Even when seeds of the same legume with diverse seed coat colors were planted together in one hole, the nodulating bradyrhizobia clustered differently in the PCR-RFLP dendrograms. In one study, Kersting’s groundnut, Bambara groundnut and cowpea with differing seed coat colors were selectively nodulated by different bradyrhizobial species. Multilocus sequence analysis showed that different Bradyrhizobium species nodulated the Kersting's bean based on seed coat color. Phylogenetic analysis also placed the bradyrhizobial isolates in close proximity to different Bradyrhizobium species such as B. vignae 7-2T, B. subterraneum 58 2-1T, B. kavangense 14-3T, B. liaoningense 2281 (USDA 3622)T, B. yuanmingense LMG 21827T, B. huanghuaihaiense CCBAU 23303T, B. pachyrhizi PAC48T, and a reference type strain of B. elkanii according to seed coat color. Using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, we also found significant selective influences of seed coat pigmentation on microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of five Kersting’s groundnut landraces. For example, the rhizosphere of Belane Mottled landrace was dominated by Proteobacteria, while Bacteroidetes dominated the rhizospheres of the other landraces. With legumes, seed coat pigmentation therefore plays a dominant role in the selection of the bacterial symbiotic partner.
Human Placental Schistosomiasis – a Review of the Literature
Authors: Gerstenberg Jacob , Mishra Sasmita , Holtfreter Martha , Richter Joachim , Davi Saskia Dede , Okwu Dearie G. , Ramharter Michael , Mischlinger Johannes , Schleenvoigt Benjamin T. , TropNet For
Published: April 2024

Background: Schistosome egg deposition in pregnant women may affect the placenta of infected mothers and cause Placental Schistosomiasis (PS). Histopathological examination of placental tissue is an inadequate detection method due to low sensitivity. So far, there has not been any sys-tematic review on PS. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed and in-cluded relevant secondary literature found in the citations of the primarily included publications. Results: We found a total of 8 publications describing PS with a total of 92 cases, describing egg deposition of dead and/or viable eggs and worms of S. haematobium and S. mansoni in placental tissue. One cross-sectional study investigating the prevalence of PS and its association to adverse birth outcomes, found 22% of placentas to be infested using a maceration technique but only < 1% using histologic examination. Additionally, no direct link to deleterious pregnancy outcomes could be shown. Conclusions: PS is a highly unattended and underdiagnosed condition in en-demic populations, due to a lack of awareness as well as low sensitivity of histopathological examinations. However, PS may play an important role in mediating or reinforcing adverse birth outcomes (ABO) such as fetal growth restriction (FGR) in maternal schistosomiasis, possibly by placental inflammation.
Retrospective Analysis of Clostridioides difficile Infection Rates in Hospitalized Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic. A Unicenter Study in Reus, Spain
Authors: Iftimie Simona , López-Azcona Ana F. , Corchero-Valverde Mireia , Peralta-Vázquez Antonio , López-Cordón Laia Revuelta , García-Cervera Carles , Fernández-Domínguez Luís Manuel , Camps Jordi , Joven Jorge , Castro Antoni
Published: April 2024

.Background: Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) vary in severity from mild diarrhea to life-threatening conditions like pseudomembranous colitis or toxic megacolon, often leading to sepsis and death. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted changes in healthcare practices, potentially affecting CDI incidence, though reported data are inconclusive. We studied factors influencing CDI incidence and outcomes at a university hospital throughout the COVID-19 pandemic years. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on all adult hospitalized CDI cases from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022. We collected demographic information, comorbid conditions, and concurrent infections. Results: While overall CDI and COVID-19 rates decreased in 2022, a nota-ble increase in CDI infections was observed among oncological patients and those undergoing some aggressive treatments, such as colon or gastroscopies. The prevalence of comorbidities remained unmodified, and there were declines in prior gastrointestinal surgeries and proton pump inhibitor prescriptions. Factors associated with patient fatality or prolonged hospitaliza-tion included older age, cancer, chronic kidney disease, higher Charlson and McCabe indices, elevated C-reactive protein, and low albumin concentrations. Conclusion: Our study shows the evolving landscape of CDI during the COVID-19 pandemic and emphasizes the impact of de-layed diagnoses and treatments exacerbated by telemedicine adoption. Identified risk factors for CDI-related mortality or prolonged hospital stays underscore the importance of targeted inter-ventions in high-risk populations.
Technological Upgrade of a Vicon RS-EDW Spreader: Development of a Microcontroller for Variable Rate Application
Authors: Serrano João , Amaral Alexandre , Shahidian Shakib , Silva José Marques da , Moral Francisco J. , Escribano and Carlos
Published: April 2024

Over the last two decades, a considerable amount of equipment has been acquired (spreaders, seeders, sprayers, among others) to respond to the challenges of Precision Agriculture (PA) concept. Most of this equipment has been purchased at a high cost. However, many of them, despite still being functional and equipped with sensors, actuators, and electronic processing units capable of adjusting to variations in speed, have become obsolete in terms of communication, and incompatible with new monitoring and control systems based on the “Isobus” protocol. This work aims to present a solution for updating the control system (“Ferticontrol”) of a “Vicon RS-EDW” spreader with variable rate application (VRA), making it compatible with the “InCommand” system from “Ag Leader”. The solution includes low-cost “Arduino” and “Raspberry Pi” microcontrollers and open-source software. The development shows that it is possible to implement a solution that is accessible to farmers in general. It also provides a niche business opportunity for young researchers to set up small technology-based enterprises associated with universities and research centers. These partnerships guarantee permanent innovation and represent a decisive step towards modern, technological, competitive, and sustainable agriculture.