bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Medical and Social Causes of Obstructed Labour
Authors: Hossain Tahmina , Akter Nasima , Akter Ruma
Published: May 2022

Background: Obstructed labour is one of the major causes of maternal mortality (8%) in Bangladesh. It is also responsible for high rate of maternal and fetal morbidity. If we can identify the medical and social causes of obstructed labour in our country it may be helpful to find out the way to prevent this disease. Objectives: This study was to find out the medical and social causes of obstructed labour in our country. It also finds out the cause of delay in seeking care.Material & Methods:This study is a prospective observational study has been done in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from August 2004 to December 2005. One hundred patients who were admitted with obstructed labour during study period were included in this study.Results:In this study prevalence of obstructed labour was 3.59%. Among the patients who were admitted with obstructed labour 52% were within 20 to 25 years of age, 55% were primigravida, only 30% were on regular antenatal checkup. The medical causes of obstructed labour were cephalopelvic disproportion in 30%, malposition and malpresntation in 69% and cervical fibroid in 1 %. In this study 72% of study population had monthly income below 3,000 BTD, 27% had 3,001 – 5,000 BDT and only 1 % had above 5,000 BDT. Among them 8% patient had crossed the primary level of education and 35% were illiterate. The patients who were admitted with obstructed labour could not utilize the health facility in time and they had to go for trial of home delivery first. In 25% cases their husband and family members did not agree to bring them to hospital, 31.3% was because of ignorance, 14% was due to economic constraints, 13.3% wanted to avoid operative delivery, 9.4 % patient herself did not agree to come to hospital because it would disrupt house hold work and the rest 7% could not come due to long distance between home and health center and tertiary hospital. Modes of delivery were LSCS in 85%, craniotomy in 9% and evisceration in 4%. Maternal outcome was WF in 7% and puerperial sepsis in 18%. Perinatal death was 45%, MMR was 3% due to obstructed labour.Conclusions:SThe causes of obstructed labour are not only due to medical causes but also have social causes. The social causes depend on the socio-economic status and the level of education.
An improved Aquila optimization with fuzzy model based energy efficient cluster routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Ramamoorthy Ramakrishnan , Ranganathan Rameshkumar , Ramu Sivakumar
Published: May 2022

Due to the latest advances in microelectronics, wireless sensor networking (WSN) has been introduced in many applications. The flow of event data in WSN applications requires timely and reliable distribution so that immediate response and appropriate action can be taken. However, the limited power supply to the sensor terminal causes a transmission between the delay on the way to the base station and the power consumption. Clustering techniques are essential in developing the WSN routing algorithm that improves network operating time and power efficiency. However, due to the unbalanced power consumption between the terminals, the WSN is the optimal, energy efficient routing. In this work, we propose an energy efficient cluster based routing protocol (EEC-HO) for WSN using hybrid optimization algorithm. We introduce an improved Aquila optimization with fuzzy (IAO-Fuzzy) model for optimal and efficient cluster formation and cluster head (CH) computation. The main objective of proposed IAO-Fuzzy model used to compute the trust degree of each node, the highest trust node is considered as CH. After that, the hybrid beetle search induced decision making (BSDM) algorithm for optimal path selection to transfer data transfer between two nodes.

Finally, the simulation results of proposed EEC-HO routing protocol is compared with the existing routing protocols. For the impact of sensor node density case, we observed that the effectiveness of proposed EEC-HO routing protocol is 45.887%, 30.666%, 56.666%, 17.629% and 41.666% efficient than existing protocols in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, average hop count, throughput and dead nodes respectively. For the impact of simulation rounds case, we observed that the effectiveness of proposed EEC-HO routing protocol is 21.216%, 35.417%, 41.667%, 18.568% and 40.000% efficient than existing protocols in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, average hop count, throughput and number of dead nodes respectively.
Study on Soil Fungal Flora and Ecological Characteristics of Different Diets
Authors:   Department of Botany , Magadh Mahila College PU Patna, India, Kamita Kumari Surendra
Published: May 2022

The mycoflora of soil is momentous for plant, animal and human being. Soil is depository of all life which are carried out most of the changes that enable life to continue. In the soil dead remains of plants and animals , which are changed after decay and decomposition to the material. In this present study author focus on survey of fungal biodiversity in the soil of Patna town, Bihar state , India. Patna is located at latitude of25?.6′ and the longitude of 85?.1′, through different baits in different nature. celluolytic , keratinophillic, seasonal fruits and vegetables using different agar media. These fungal biodiversity degrade the environmental waste ie fruit and vegetables, leather, nail, hair, cotton cloth, paper and jutehich respond to clean the environment. Some fungal sps after decaying assist in soil fertility .keratinophilic fungi is called dermatophytic fungi. They cause skin diseaseie ring orm. Hence the present study focus on soil conservation and eco environmental management. Indian author Randhwa & Sandhu (1963, 1964, 1965), Mercantini et-al (1978),Pieta D KesikT2006 reported pathogenic soil borne fungi of onion cultivated field,VidyasagarGM(2005) keratinophilic fungi from hospital dust.
Investigation and Analysis of Aerobic Exercise for Female College Students to Reduce Fat—Taking Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine as An Example
Authors:   Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China, Qin Yueqing
Published: May 2022

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by obesity reach as many as 30 million every year, which has threatened people’s lives. In my country, with the improvement of people’s material level and the change of dietary structure, the obesity rate is increasing year by year. At present, the obesity and overweight people in our country are showing a trend of rapid growth. Overcoming the obesity problem is a top priority now. Contemporary female college students pursue beauty, so they pay more attention to physical beauty. They have different understandings of aerobic exercise to reduce fat. This article uses mathematical statistics to compile a questionnaire to investigate the situation of college students’ aerobic exercise, found the shortcomings of female college students in the process of aerobic exercise to reduce fat, and summarized the aerobic exercise methods suitable for female college students.
Moringa oleifera
Authors: Rathore Jyoti , Das Chinmoyee Rani
Published: May 2022

Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a highly desired plant that can be found in a variety of tropical and subtropical environments. The leaves, roots, seed, bark, and flower of this plant have anticancer, antipyretic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and antibacterial properties, and are used in indigenous medicine, especially in underdeveloped nations, to treat a number of maladies.The goal of this review is to give thorough information on the phytochemical compounds and pharmacological activities of Moringa oleifera, a therapeutic plant. The information provided in this study will be valuable in future investigations aimed at developing a revolutionary therapeutic medicine.
Acute limb ischemia in COVID-19 subjects
Authors: Bhalla Pulkit , Pardeshi C. Z , Kshirsagar A. Y.
Published: May 2022

Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus has an underlying pathogenesis which causes interaction between multiple systems not just isolated to respiratory system resulting in propagation of immunothrombosis. AIM: To see association of acute limb ischemia with COVID-19. Results: A total of 8 patients have been diagnosed with acute limb ischemia and managed since the outbreak of pandemic. Conclusion: Early evaluation of peripheral vessels in COVID-19 patients who present with any symptoms of pain, parasthesia, poikilothermia, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis should be considered, especially when found to have an elevated D-dimer level as early treatment of thrombosis with anti-coagulants conservatively or surgically by required amputations.
Role of platelet indices in non-thrombocytic pih
Authors: Rashid Shazia , Patange R. P.
Published: May 2022

Background: Thrombocytopenia seen in PIH may be due to increased adherence of platelets at the site of damaged vascular endothelium leading to increased consumption and secondary platelet destruction and activation. Variation in platelet count is associated with changes in platelet indices, plateletcrit and PDW depicts the average size and variation respectively.Aims and Objectives: To evaluate and study platelet indices in the assessment of severity of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia that have normal platelet count. Materials and Methods: Prospective study to determine the Role of Platelet Distribution width and Plateletcrit in the department of OBGY, KIMS, Karad (Apr. 2021 to Sept. 2021). Result: Sample size: 123. 95% of pre-eclampsia patients and 99% of eclampsia patients had increased PDW. 68% of pre-eclampsia patients and 82% of eclampsia patients had decreased plateletcrit. Diagnostic cut-off value of PDW 17.45 fl. in preeclampsia and 17.25 in fl. in eclampsia. Plateletcrit was significantly lower (< 0.17) in preeclampsia and eclampsia. Conclusion: Platelet indices should be done as it has a significant relationship with severity of PIH, i.e., increase in PDW and decrease in plateletcrit and even to decide the time for delivery.
study on analysis of labour welfare measures and its impact on employee’s commitment towards textile industrial units sipcot in Chennai
Authors: Tamilmozhi G. , Vetrivel M.
Published: May 2022

During the growing time of technology, the organizations cannot increase their employee’s commitment by providing salaries on time. When the organization offer different welfare measures to their employees, there is an opportunity to increase the commitment of the employee. The aim of the study is to analyze labour welfare measure and its relationship with employee's commitment. A sample of 76 respondents (84.2% male and 15.8% female) from Jyothy Laboratories Limited were participated in the study and the census method was adopted in the collection of data from individual respondents. The findings of the research indicated that the labour welfare measure especially health insurance, housing facility, hygienic toilet facility, transport facility, rest and lunch room facility, compensation on death and recreational facilities creates a positive approach on employee’s commitment, while the other factors create variables creates a negative approach on employee’s commitment. The factors of labour welfare measures namely statutory welfare measure and non-statutory welfare measure are highly influenced by the employee’s commitment like affective and normative commitment. But in the case of continuance commitment, social security measure alone creates an impact, the remaining variable are not create any impact on continuance commitment.
Analysis of influencing factors on digital platform and its impact on buyers
Authors: Krishna J. Phani , Katta Ashok Kumar , Rai Nisha , Parmar Mohfiz
Published: May 2022

In the context of post covid-19 dynamic markets, focus on Consumers to attain their attention becomes always prime objective for the sellers. From the available options, digital platforms where sellers exhibit the product features, promotional features, labellings, taggings of the products are become more increasing there by drawing their attention. The current paper analyzed based on the research data of the followers and leads generated on the digital platform representing capital goods in current business scenario where the challenges and competitiveness are coexisting. Capital goods include buildings, machinery, equipment, vehicles, and tools. Capital goods are not finished goods instead part of a system, but they are used to make finished goods or process systems. These are physical assets that a company uses in the different processes to produce products and provide services that consumers will later use. Inorder to improve in sales leads generation increasing the visibility through various factors on digital platforms been discussed and from the data acquired and thus proving the tile.
Immunology concepts for secondary biology teachers
Authors: Hayder Zainab abdul wahhab , Abdulwahed Alaa Ahmed , Shanef Mazin Thamer
Published: May 2022

The research aims to know the concepts of immunity for biology teachers of the secondary stage, and to achieve this goal the researchers constructed a multiple choice test for the concepts of immunity, its types and its related fields and contents consisting of (26) test items with three alternatives only one of which represents the correct answer and was chosen  A sample consisting of (254) teachers and a school of biology for the secondary stage belonging to the Education Directorates in the Diwaniyah and Karbala governorates, by (20) teachers and a school as a preliminary survey sample, (132) teachers and a school for a second survey sample (the statistical analysis sample), and (102)  A teacher and a school is a sample of the final application of the test after making sure of its validity and consistency, and the results showed that teachers possess an appropriate level of information related to concepts of immunology and the absence of statistically significant differences in the level of possession of immunity concepts according to the gender variable between male and female teachers, and the research came out with a set of recommendations.
Cervical screening and assessment of risk factors for human papilloma virus infections among women attending a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Prathyusha M , Sheela S. R
Published: May 2022

Aim: To assess the presence of HPV among women who were visiting gynaecological out patient department for any cervix related reason. Material and Methods: Cervical scrapings were collected using Cytobrush. Pap smear results were collected from the pathology department and Histopathological confirmation for high grade lesions was also collected. PCR has been performed to look for the presence/absence of HPV DNA in all the samples by using MY09/11 primers. Results: Risk factors responsible for acquiring HPV infection were examined. Out of 60 Cytobrushes samples 32 samples had squamous intra epithelial lesions, out of which 16 were again Histopathologically confirmed as malignant cases. Chronic cervicitis were seen in 16 samples. Whereas, 8 were inflammatory smears and 20 were Negative for Intraepithelial Lesions. Only 16 HPV positives were confirmed by PCR. Conclusion: This study showed the incidence of HPV is very low in contrast to other studies in India. No awareness of HPV infections has been found in our region either. However, these findings could have important connection in the prevention of cervical cancer.
Comparative study of intrathecal isobaric and hyperbaric ropivacaine in cesarean delivery
Authors: Satyanarayana Pathi , Sreedevi P. , Lakshmi M. Bhanu , Abbaiah Pasham
Published: May 2022

Spinal Anesthesia is a common safe, economical, easy to perform and effective technique which provides rapid and reliable anesthesia with muscle relaxation for pts undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Aim: To compare isobaric and hyperbaric ropivacaine in patients undergoing cesarean delivery Materials and Methods: Prospective Observational Clinical Study patients admitted for elective cesearan Delivery. The Duration of study is one year. 80 patients , aged 21 years to 30 years , belongs to ASA physical status 1 & 2, posted for elective Caesarean delivery under spinal Anaesthesia. These patients are divided into two groups of 40 patients Each. Group I : patients received 2ml of 0.75%  Isobaric  Ropivacaine  (isobaric group), Group H: patients received 2 ml of 0.75% hyperbaric  Ropivacaine in dextrose 50mg/ml (Hyperbaric group). There was no significant difference in the onset of sensory block. Time from injection to highest sensory block is significantly higher in isobaric group [ Group-I], when compared to hyperbaric group [ Group-H]. Time for onset of modified bromage grade 3 is longer in isobaric group than hyperbaric group. Time for motor regression is faster in hyperbaric group than in isobaric group so that early mobilization in hyperbaric group patients than isobaric group patients is possible.
Digital technology and local governance development
Authors: Saengkaew Anchana , Roengtam Sataporn
Published: May 2022

This study would like to demonstrate the conditions for implementing digital technology in municipal operations and the people residing in the municipality. The main objective is to study the use of digital technology in the works of the municipality and their attitudes towards the use of digital technology. The results are that digital technology can promote the achievement of information sharing both within the various departments of the municipality and between the municipality and the people. It allows all parties to have access to information and work together with a smoothness, not redundant or causing conflicts. It will contribute to the work of the municipality more efficiently. Therefore, the use of digital technology under this feature aims to promote the flow of information between different parties to occur thoroughly and equally. They can take advantage of data to work together as well.
Evaluation of state investment activity and development tendencies
Authors: Fatykhovna Gafurova Umida
Published: May 2022

The article describes the state of macroeconomic policy in attracting investment to the country, the measures to be taken and the procedures for the implementation of legal, organizational and economic mechanisms. The volume of investments in fixed assets by sources of financing was also analyzed.
study of pattern of injuries sustained in fatal road traffic accidents
Authors: Saxena Divyesh , Juglan Sarthak , Sane Mandar R. , Varun Abhishek
Published: May 2022

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the pattern of injuries in road traffic accidents (RTA) amongst the victims. Methodology: A study was undertaken at Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior (M.P.), to find out the types of injury patterns occurred due to the road traffic accidents. All Case histories and records, reports pertaining to road traffic accident victims were collected and analyzed to see different types of injury patterns sustained in the accident and data was compiled based on the findings with SPSS 20 software . Results: The study population consisted of 500 patients. Majority of them were males (84.25%) and belonged to the age group of 21 to 30 years with 25.31%. Majority of the patients had injury to Head neck and face constituting 53.61% and least had injury to the abdominal region constituting 9.14%. Abrasion was seen in most of the cases around 64.89% and Lacerations was the least found in 14.46%. Majority of the patients around 42.81% had skull and maxillofacial fracture and the least type of fracture observed was Ribs fracture observed in 4.79% of the cases.
comparative study of depression in elderly men and women following major fractures
Authors: Bharat G Naveen , Sudheendra P R , Shiva Kumar G V , Kushal D S
Published: May 2022

Background: Depression accounts for approximately 8.2% of people living with disability worldwide. Depression and fractures are a common occurrence especially elderly who are predisposed to fractures due to low bone mineral density. Clinical Depression is linked to high cortisol levels and low mineral density. As most studies correlating fractures in the elderly and its association with depression have been done in the western countries, we felt the need to pursue a study to compare fractures in elderly men and women and its association with depression in the Indian population. Methods: This was a prospective study done over two years with continuous sampling method. The study included 90 inpatients (51males and 39females) with fractures of long bone and hip needing prolonged rehabilitation.  Patients above 65 years of age admitted with fractures of long bones and hip were examined using Beck’s depression inventory. The data was tabulated and compared between males and females. Results: We found 58.96% of females suffered from some form of depression as opposed to 39.21% of males. We found statistically significant association between depression and female suffering from major fractures.
Secondary school student’s attitude towards blended learning
Authors: Jayaraman K. , Jayalakshmy P. M , Suresh K J
Published: May 2022

Blended learning refers to a formal or informal educational programme that combines online digital content with traditional classroom methods. The study's purpose was to investigate secondary students' attitudes about blended learning and to create a tool to assess secondary students' attitudes toward mixed learning. 895 secondary school pupils from Kerala's Kottayam District were chosen using a stratified random selection method. To examine attitudes about blended learning, an investigator-developed tool was employed. The findings show that no statistical differences existed between the groups based on gender, geography, medium of instruction, school type, or management. The study's findings are offered with recommendations and suggestions for further research.
Response of sunflower genotypes Helianthus annuus L. to amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on growth characteristics and components
Authors: Abdullah Khaled Najm , Jabail Waleed A. , Jassim Kefah Abdel-Reda
Published: May 2022

The field experiment was carried out during the spring and fall season of 2021 in Basra Governorate, Al-Haritha area. The study aimed to studying the response of 6 genotypes of the sunflower which symbolized by the symbol (V ) V1 = local, V2 = moons, V3 = Ishaqi 1, V4 = Ishaqi 2, V5 = Turki Tarzan , V6 = shmoos, And four levels of nitrogen fertilizer symbolized by the symbol (N0) (N = 0 without fertilizer (control), N1 = ( N 100 kg. ha-1 ) , N2 = ( N 200 kg. ha-1 ) , N3 = ( N 300 kg. ha-1 ). According to the complete randomized block design, R.C.B.D. With three replicates and in the order of Split Plot Design (the levels of nitrogen fertilization were distributed in the main plots and the cultivars in the sub-plot). The results have shown superior to the genotypes shmoos, Moons, and Ishaqi2 compared to other cultivars in the studied traits, and most of the yield components as; plant height, leaf area, weight of 1000 seeds total seed yield. In comparison, the study showed the superiority of the fertilizer level 300 kg N. ha- 1 Significant in the traits mentioned earlier.
Blog 19: De cirkel is rond
Authors: Noordegraaf Marina
Published: May 2022

2 mei 2022
Blog 18: De onderzoeksdata
Authors: Noordegraaf Marina
Published: May 2022

Blog over het publiceren van de onderliggende onderzoeksdata
Formulation and evaluation of floating bilayer tablets of epleronone
Authors: Pallavi T. , Sharma G.S. , Rama B. , Rani L.Jyothi , Rajkamal B.
Published: May 2022

Gastro retentive drug delivery systems have been widely used to prolong retention of dosage forms in stomach. Among the various approaches, the floating bilayer tablets formulation offers sustained drug release as well as prolonged gastric retention, along with the added advantage of liquid oral dosage form. The present study was an attempt to formulate and evaluate floating bilayer tablets of Epleronone by using various polymers like guar gum, ethyl cellulose, SSG, CCS. The prepared floating Bilayered tablets were evaluated for hardness, Weight variation, thickness, friability, drug content uniformity, and in-vitro dissolution studies. Based on various evaluation parameters formulation F3 (IR) & F12 (SR) was selected as optimized formulation. From the above floating buoyancy studies shows that F12 shows higher Total floating time than other formulations. It was observed that Formulations F3 (IR) & F12 (SR) gave maximum drug release within time. All formulations were subjected for drug release kinetics studies viz. Zero order, first order, Higuchi matrix, Peppas model equations and the formulations of sustained release (SR) formulations followed zero order release with non-fickian diffusion mechanism.
Comparative study of natural disintegrants, selection criteria for superdisintegrants
Authors: Kanaujiya Sonu , Kumar Sunil
Published: May 2022

Natural super disintegrants have been used for fast dissolving tablets because they are biodegradable, chemically inert, non-harmful, more affordable and widely available. The natural polymer improves the properties of the tablet as it is commonly used as diluents and binders. Super explosives are those substances that promote rapid decomposition in a lesser amount compared to explosives. Super disintegrants are the vehicles added to the tablet formulation to promote the breakdown of tablets and capsules into small microparticles in aqueous media, leading to an increase in surface area and promoting rapid drug release. Some research is going to develop safe and effective medication with super disintegrating agents that can be dissolved rapidly to treat the disease.
Comparative study on the structure of Cedrus deodara (Roxb. Ex Lambert.) G. Don forest in silvicultural felling and non-felling sites of Chakrata Forest Division
Authors: Chandra Anup , Pande P.
Published: May 2022

Vegetation composition, species diversity, Shannon-Wiener Index and regeneration behaviour of tree species in silviculturally managed felling and non-felling sites of the Deodar (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.ex Lambert.) G. Don forest of the Chakrata Forest Division, Uttarakhand, India was analysed. Plant density (plants ha-1) was higher in felling sites (350 ha-1) than the non felling sites (300 ha-1). Total basal cover (TBA, cm2 100 m-2) was also found higher in felling sites (7375) than non-felling site (3949). The diversity index and species richness were higher for shrubs and herbs at felling site. Dominant species (Cedrus deodara) has shown good regeneration potential as evidenced by the presence higher sapling and seedlings in felling site. Canopy opening by felling operation created the route for the invasion of the new shrub and herb species and regeneration of dominant tree species at felling site.
Developing effective principals: What kind of learning matters?
Authors: Darling-Hammond Linda , Wechsler Marjorie E. , Levin Stephanie , Leung-Gagne Melanie , Tozer Steve
Published: May 2022

This report reviews the research literature since 2000 to understand the elements of high-quality programs and learning experiences that have been associated with positive outcomes ranging from principals’ sense of preparedness, efficacy, and reported practices to staff perceptions of school climate and retention to student achievement. It also examines the extent to which principals have opportunities to participate in learning experiences with those elements and the policies that drive both the development of high-quality programs and access to them.
excurso sobre a Geografia da Internet e do ciberespaço
Authors: Israel Carolina Batista
Published: May 2022

Este artigo é o resultado de um esforço para apaziguar uma dupla inquietação acadêmica: a constatação do avanço da digitalização das relações socioespaciais e a constatação da imprescindibilidade de se resgatar as primeiras contribuições teóricas dos geógrafos para uma leitura consistente dos fenômenos atuais. A metodologia utilizada para responder a essas indagações consistiu na pesquisa e revisão bibliográfica de trabalhos seminais sobre a Internet e o ciberespaço. Foram selecionados, para leitura e discussão, o trabalho de geógrafos que tiveram como característica um histórico de continuidade de pesquisa sobre o tema, compondo um conjunto de produção acadêmica consistente. Embora este ainda seja um primeiro esforço, o resultado de nossas pesquisas apontam que, no âmbito das primeiras discussões teóricas dos anos 1990, a Geografia cumpriu o importante papel de apontar a indissociabilidade entre as dimensões material e imaterial das redes digitais, muito embora este fato tenha contribuído para que as pesquisas nesta área relegassem o estudo dos ambientes online que compõem o ciberespaço para um segundo plano.
POWER GENARATION USING RECIPROCATING SHAFT MECHANISM ATTACHED TO SPEED BUMPERS
Authors: P.S Prof.Kamble , Gadkar Digvijay , Jadhav Vishal , Rahate Swapnil , Bansode Shubham , Mulla Suhel
Published: May 2022

Electricity is generated by replacing the usual speed breakers with some simple mechanism. As vehicles pass over the speed breakers, reciprocating shaft mechanism works and with the help of high-tension springs which in turn generate electricity. This method is an effective way to produce electricity as the number of vehicles is ever increasing. It can be effectively placed near toll plazas, parking lots and other locations where density of vehicles is very high. A reciprocating shaft mechanism & spring assembly mechanism is provided to transfer the motion to a DC motor/generator for electricity generation. This method provides a cost-effective way to generate electricity from the mechanical energy of dynamic vehicles on roads.
ULTRASONIC GLOVE -A VIRTUAL EYE FOR BLIND PEOPLE
Authors: Dabhade Vasudeo , Modak Prachi , Musale Pranali , Chaudhari Sandhya , Nikhade Vaishali
Published: May 2022

In the present paper we report a the construction of an equipment which helps blind people to move faster and more confidently by finding nearby obstacles using the ultrasonic sensors by alerting the blind person with a buzzer sound.
ML BASED STOCK AND SUPPLY REGULATION SYSTEM
Authors: Kulkarni Vinaya , Mishra Shraddha , Jamsandekar Shreya , Jadhav Srushti , Mulla Araju
Published: May 2022

This project can be used by shopkeepers who prefer to get benefited from new technology that will assist them in maximizing their profit via forecasting systems, stock monitoring, and demand forecasting with an add on of recommendation system. The purpose of this document is to describe the features, and interfaces to use the ML-Based Stock and Supply Regulation System and the requirements needed to develop it. It describes how the shopkeeper can take advantage of this product to empower the middleman, increase his/her profits, understand the pattern of supply and demand and increase customer relations using the ML-Based Stock and Supply Regulation System.
STUDENT LEAVE PORTAL
Authors: M Vaishnavi , S. Anupriya , Priya. B Shunmuga
Published: May 2022

The present paper is about ‘Student Leave Portal’ which is an application developed by us for our institution -National Engineering college. This is of utmost importance for any organization or college. The leave application will allow the users to apply for the leaves through the online mode by specifying a valid reason for the leave. This can also be implemented at the school and the college levels where the students can apply for the leave. The user interface must be simple and easy to understand. This system can be used to apply leave applications and their approvals online. There are features like cancellation of leave, approval of leave or rejection of leave, view tutor wards details, monthly attendance percentage, semester attendance percentage, view students leave details, forward the leave to HOD. The leave applications and the approvals are done manually. Students will be able to submit the leave form, check the status of leave requests and view completed leave history. This application can help in avoiding the leave application that needs to be given to the higher authority with great ease
CYBERCRIME WITH RESPECT TO RIGHT TO PRIVACY
Authors: Garg Priya
Published: May 2022

In today era the pace of technology development is expanding day by day. the people have turned completely dependent on the internet. It has become a necessity in people's life. The netizens have threatened their privacy in cyberspace. With the increasing use of internet, citizens privacy is being exploited. This concern is felt more in the case of youth and teenagers who constitute maturity of the internet addicts and are susceptible in understanding the threat of exposing themselves to the cyber world. crime is rapidly increasing against women is in all field of cybercrime The issue of 'internet privacy' has been increased by social networking sites, which are increasingly used for social interactions between individuals through uploading personal content. When a person's privacy is violated through internet, there are a number of questions arises, as what constitutes a violation. Who is responsible for this? And what is the remedy for this crime? One of the most important fundamental human rights is the right to privacy. In addition, courts in India have recognized it as a fundamental right, despite the fact that it is not stated in the Indian Constitution. There are laws that ensure the right to privacy is protected. As IT act 2000 has been existence for 21 years the cybercrimes are rising day by day and enforcement of law faces many challenges as a result of existing lacunae in this act. Many provisions regarding the cyberlaw are absent in this act. The present research paper includes various Indian laws which are for the protection of cybercrime, and how right to privacy can be protected and various remedies to counter the increasing cybercrime against women, children and suggestion can be given to improve present situation.
Article: The Potential Relevance of the CJEU Case Law on Group Taxation Under the EU/UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement
Authors: Steenbergen Jorn , Weber Dennis
Published: May 2022

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled that the national treatment provision in Article 49 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union precludes Member States from disallowing consolidation between entities resident in the same Member State, where the top holding or intermediate holding company is resident in another Member State. After the United Kingdom left the EU from 1 January 2021, this case law no longer directly applies to situations with a top holding or intermediate holding company resident in the United Kingdom. However, the Trade and Cooperation Agreement concluded and in force between the EU and the United Kingdom (TCA) contains in Article 129 a provision on national treatment. The authors argue that the TCA could be interpreted in line with the national treatment provision in Article 49 TFEU and the case law of the CJEU on this. Notwithstanding the absence of any direct effect to the provision of the TCA, Member States should interpret their bilateral tax treaties in line with the TCA. The consequence is that the non-discrimination provisions in existing bilateral tax treaties between Member States and the United Kingdom should be interpreted in line with the TCA.

Group regimes, Brexit, Trade and Cooperation Agreement, Non-Discrimination, National Treatment, Capital Ownership, Bilateral Tax Treaties, Interpretation of EU law, Interpretation of Bilateral Tax Treaties
Workplace Mental Health Law: Perspectives Based on a Comparative Analysis of Legislation in Seven Countries
Authors: Mishiba Takenori
Published: May 2022

This article summarizes the outcome of a comparative legal analysis conducted in seven countries (UK, Denmark, the Netherlands, France, Germany, US, and Japan) to obtain practical and theoretical insights into prevention and appropriate responses to the increasing issues around mental health in the workplace. The author worked closely with experts in a wide range of fields, including psychiatry, occupational medicine, business administration, human resources management, and sociology to characterize the issue and identify effective approaches from a legal perspective. Based on the findings, this article emphasizes the importance of ensuring procedural rationality and establishing a ‘circle of responsibility’ among the relevant parties.

Workplace Mental Health, Psycho-Social Risks, Labour Law, Disability Discrimination Act, Organizational Psychology, Stress-Check System
Terroir and Trade War: Reforming China’s Legislation on Generic Terms Under the nfluence of the EU and US
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Song Xinzhe
Published: May 2022

Geographical indications (GIs), valuable intellectual property assets for their respective countries and regions, are in danger of being considered as generic names for types of products and falling into public domain. Driven by trade interests, both the EU and US are competing in China to promote their conflicting approaches to the determination of generic status and the preventive measures against genericide. This article demonstrates that the EU-US competition results in a hybrid of both approaches, which cannot help overcome the difficulty of assessing generic status under China’s current GI system and may lead to a loss of legislative coherence. Furthermore, the hybrid compromises the intended goals of the bilateral agreements between China and the EU/US. Since the ‘bilateral treaty model’ fails to satisfy the need of each contractual party, we propose that national GI laws must be designed on the basis of the distinguishing function of GIs.

Generic terms, Geographical indications, Terroir, Trade competition, Bilateral agreements, Consumer perception, Harmonized approach, Distinguishing function
Silence in WTO
Authors: Marceau Gabrielle , Walker Rebecca , Koumadoraki Niki
Published: May 2022

The World Trade Organization’s expansion in terms of its activities is becoming increasingly demanding for Members. Members may not express their acceptance or rejection to every statement or action taking place in the WTO, and they may remain silent to intentionally signify their position. This article examines the legal significance of Members’ silence in the WTO, in particular in the consensus-based decision-making procedures, in committees and council meetings, in the determination of subsequent practice when interpreting WTO provisions, schedules and practices, and in the assessment of whether or not a WTO Member has relinquished its right to initiate WTO dispute settlement proceedings. A brief description of the state of play of silence in public international law serves as a reference point to guide the analysis of silence in WTO law, which highlights the fact-specific nature of silence in both fields. While this article reveals that silence plays a role in the consensus decision-making function of the WTO, whether silence can amount to acquiescence in the context of councils and committees meetings remains unclear. Similarly, the Appellate Body has left the door open to the possibility that Members’ silence may provide evidence of subsequent practice for purposes of treaty interpretation. Contrary to international law where it has been suggested that silence may lead to a waiver of a state’s right to invoke the responsibility of another State, a relinquishment of a WTO Member’s right to initiate WTO dispute settlement proceedings must be formulated in clear and unambiguous language.

WTO, silence, protest, acceptance, relinquishment of rights, practice, decision-making, interpretation, subsequent practice
Duty Evasion in Free Trade Agreements: Norm Emergence and Implications
Authors: Marcoux Jean-Michel , K. Bjorklund Andrea
Published: May 2022

Despite the failure of states to adopt multilateral rules to address the circumvention of anti-dumping and countervailing duties, efforts have more recently been deployed by the United States to focus on the issue of ‘duty evasion’. After failed attempts to discuss the issue at the World Trade Organization (WTO), the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) specifically addresses cooperation between Parties regarding information sharing and duty evasion verification requests with a view to ensuring the enforcement of trade remedy laws. Can the elaboration of duty evasion provisions in regional trade agreements facilitate the negotiation of rules to address the issue of anti-circumvention at the multilateral level? This article argues that the motivations and inherent limits underlying the USMCA duty evasion provisions are most likely to impede broad adoption at the multilateral level. It proceeds in two steps. First, while the United States is playing a pivotal role as a norm entrepreneur in the emergence of these duty evasion provisions, the article demonstrates a clear evolution in its strategy toward a populist approach to international economic policy. Second, after identifying similarities with other provisions, the article addresses the lacunae in the USMCA duty evasion provisions from a legal perspective.

duty evasion, anti-circumvention, anti-dumping duties, countervailing duties, United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement, Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, World Trade Organization, norm entrepreneur, populism
Who Governs the Promotion of Social Objectives in EU’s Trade Policies?
Authors: Cezar Rodrigo Fagundes
Published: May 2022

Who decides about the promotion of social objectives in EU’s trade policies? The existing literature oscillates between giving emphasis to the EU Commission or to interest group lobbying. Both approaches have limitations. To overcome those limitations, I here revisit the EU history of promoting labour provisions at the bi – and multilateral trade levels between 1993 and 2016. I argue that the EU Commission acts in line with the political positions and preferences of EU constituents on trade-labour linkage and that its autonomy depends on how polarized and salient those positions are. After finding evidence in line with that argument, I conclude that EU principals are ultimately in control of the link between trade and social objectives in EU trade policy and that the autonomy of the Commission, although existent, is limited. This article applies nuance to arguments centred on the power of the Commission to promote its own preferences at the expense of its constituents’. In doing so, it also contributes to understanding the politics of the design of social and sustainable development provisions in EU trade agreements.

Trade Agreements. Labour. Social Issues. Principal-Agent Relations. Historical Narratives. European Union. EU Commission. Autonomy. Decision-making. Sanctions
Weaponizing International Trade in Political Disputes: Issues Under International Economic Law and Systemic Risks
Authors: Lee Yong-Shik
Published: May 2022

In recent years, the world’s largest economies and traders – the United States, China, and Japan – have chosen to use measures affecting international trade as a means to achieve political objectives in contravention of the rules of international economic law and the practices of international trade established over several decades. Since the end of World War II, the world economy and international trade have rapidly expanded and prospered by achieving a degree of separation between international trade and political struggles under the rule-based international trading system, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and its successor, the World Trade Organization. Thus, the recent misuses of trade measures by the world’s largest traders are alarming, because they undermine the stability of the world trading system, which has been maintained for the past several decades. This article accounts politically-motivated trade measures (‘PTMs’) recently invoked by the United States, China, and Japan, assesses their incompatibilities with the rules of international economic law, and also examines the risks that these PTMs pose to the world trading system.

Weaponizing Trade, The World Trade Organization, PTM, Section 301, National Security
Famine and Free Trade in the Covid Age: Lessons from the Great Irish Famine
Authors: Runge Carlisle Ford
Published: May 2022

Governments over two centuries have repeatedly confronted whether freer trade helps or hinders the problem of widespread food shortages. This issue is of utmost concern in the current pandemic and the accompanying reaction of food markets to COVID-19, in which food insecurity is now a central challenge. This article will consider the historical record of the Great Famine in Ireland and its economic, agronomic, and political lessons for food and trade policy. These lessons include the likelihood of supply chain disruptions and panic buying as well as export restrictions, food purchases from abroad and the complexities of political and military strife. It finds that allowing market forces to cause freer flows of commodities is important if not sufficient to deal with the crises that pandemics cause. Resolute political intervention is also critical: the historical record reinforces the role of political leadership in this process.

Corn Laws, Tariffs, COVID-19, Potato Blight, Great Irish Famine, Robert Peel
Africa’s Integration into the WTO Multilateral Trading System: Academic Support and the Role of the WTO Chairs
Authors: Smeets Maarten
Published: May 2022

The Marrakesh Agreement establishing the WTO recognized the need for positive steps to be taken to ensure that developing countries, and especially the least developed among them, secure a share in the growth of international trade that is commensurate with their economic development needs. This article discusses how the WTO helps to facilitate Africa’s integration into the WTO multilateral trading system. It is argued that while African countries are actively engaged in the work of the WTO and are pursuing their economic and policy interests, some key challenges remain. These include further diversifying their production, linking to global value chains (GVCs) and developing adequate infrastructure to facilitate digital trade so that it becomes a vehicle for economic growth. The WTO, working closely with partner institutions, supports Africa in its endeavours to tackle some of these challenges, offering a range of programmes that are geared towards trade capacity-building. It is argued that the work undertaken by WTO Chairs and academic institutions under the aegis of the WTO’s Chairs Programme (WCP) is of critical importance in providing the analytical underpinnings for the policy choices that will encourage fuller integration into the multilateral trading system. This programme was significantly expanded and deepened in 2021 with a view to strengthening its capacity to provide support to beneficiaries and especially least-developed countries (LDCs) (largely African countries) so that they can more fully embrace the multilateral trading system.

trade, capacity-building, Africa, WTO, global value chains, academic support