bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Difficult Conversations across Religions, Race and Empires: American Women Missionaries and Japanese Christian Women during the 1930s and 1940s”
Authors: Ishii Noriko
Published: November 2017

This essay examines how American and Japanese women in the foreign missionary movement struggled to reconcile the rise of state Shintoism, Japanese patriotic nationalism, and American racism and nationalism with their Christian faiths during the 1930s and 1940s when the United States and Japan were moving towards war. It applies Kris Manjapra’s notion of “aspirational cosmopolitanism” as the conceptual framework in its exploration of how an American woman missionary and her Japanese convert developed different visions of egalitarian cosmopolitanism and remained faithful to their Christian faiths as the states of Japan and the United States demanded more conformity to their wartime notions of patriotism. Charlotte B. DeForest, the last missionary president of Kobe College, who struggled with the questions of shrine visits and racism against Japanese Americans, managed to shape a new hybrid identity as Christian and “supernational.” Takeda (Cho) Kiyoko, her former student, finally identified a Japanese dual consciousness through the image of “humans in shells”—a clue to another cosmopolitan vision rooted in Christian faith appropriate to Japanese culture in reconciliation with Asia.
Alexander Tall Tower! A Study of the Boundary Layer on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Mateling Marian E. , Lazzara Matthew A. , Keller Linda M. , Weidner George A. , Cassano John J.
Published: November 2017

Because of the harsh weather conditions on the Antarctic continent, year-round observations of the low-level boundary layer must be obtained via automated data acquisition systems. Alexander Tall Tower! is an automatic weather station on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica and has been operational since February 2011. At 30 m tall, this station has six levels of instruments to collect environmental data, including temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and pressure. Data are collected at 30-, 15-, 7.5-, 4-, 2-, and 1-m levels above the snow surface. This study identifies short-term trends and provides an improved description of the lowest portion of the boundary layer over this portion of the Ross Ice Shelf for the February 2011–January 2014 period. Observations indicate two separate initiations of the winter season occur annually, caused by synoptic-scale anomalies. Sensible and latent heat flux estimates are computed using Monin–Obukhov similarity theory and vertical profiles of potential air temperature and wind speed. Over the three years, the monthly mean sensible heat flux ranges between 1 and 39 W m−2 (toward the surface) and the monthly mean latent heat flux ranges between −8 and 0 W m−2. Net heat fluxes directed toward the surface occur most of the year, indicating an atmospheric sink of energy.
Boko Haram Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: The Soft Power Context
Authors: Tella Oluwaseun
Published: November 2017

Given terrorists’ use of violence in pursuit of their objectives and violent counter-terrorism measures, terrorism is not often associated with soft power. Nevertheless, terrorist organisations subscribe to ideologies that are appealing to certain individuals and/or segments within their immediate environment and beyond. Similarly, counter-terrorism initiatives that embrace the utility of soft power might be more successful than those that rely on the use of naked force. While the soft power of terrorist organisations has received scant attention, there has been modest scholarly inquiry into a soft power approach to counter-terrorism. However, no comprehensive research has been conducted on the place of soft power in Boko Haram’s activities and the Nigerian government’s efforts to end their campaign. This article offers a new perspective to the burgeoning literature on Boko Haram terrorism by examining whether or not it possesses elements of soft power that are appealing to certain Nigerians. It also examines if the Nigerian government has adopted a soft power approach in its counter-terrorism efforts. The article concludes that effectively tackling the sect will require a smart power strategy.
Frequency optimization of laminated functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite quadrilateral plates using smoothed FEM and evolution algorithm
Authors: Vo-Duy T , Truong-Thi T , Ho-Huu V , Nguyen-Thoi T
Published: November 2017

The paper presents an efficient numerical optimization approach to deal with the optimization problem for maximizing the fundamental frequency of laminated functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite quadrilateral plates. The proposed approach is a combination of the cell-based smoothed discrete shear gap method (CS-DSG3) for analyzing the first natural frequency of the functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite plates and a global optimization algorithm, namely adaptive elitist differential evolution algorithm (aeDE), for solving the optimization problem. The design variables are the carbon nanotube orientation in the layers and constrained in the range of integer numbers belonging to [−900 900]. Several numerical examples are presented to investigate optimum design of quadrilateral laminated functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite plates with various parameters such as carbon nanotube distribution, carbon nanotube volume fraction, boundary condition and number of layers.
Science, Agency and Ontology: A Historical-Materialist Response to New Materialism
Authors: Choat Simon
Published: November 2017

In recent years, the work of a diverse range of thinkers has been grouped together under the label ‘new materialism’. This article offers a critical introduction to new materialism that challenges its understanding of historical materialism. It aims to demonstrate not that historical materialism is superior to new materialism, but rather that the latter would benefit from engaging with rather than ignoring or dismissing the former. It begins by defining new materialism in relation to its reappraisal of science, its concept of agency and its underlying ontology. Second, it locates new materialism by demonstrating how and why many new materialists are hostile to historical materialism. Finally, it responds to new materialist criticisms of historical materialism, arguing both that there are potential areas of agreement between the two materialisms and that historical materialism offers valuable resources for analysing historically specific and asymmetric power relations.
The morbidity pattern of children with sickle cell disorders admitted to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados (2009–2013)
Authors: Grannum D , Lashley Paula M
Published: November 2017

A retrospective study was conducted by examining all the medical files of all the children with sickle cell anaemia (Hb SS) admitted from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013. A total of 220 admission notes (59 patients aged 5 months–16 years) were analysed. Of these, 53.2% were boys; 85.8% of the patients had Hb SS. The most common reason for admission was vaso-occlusive crisis. Blood transfusions were used in 39.7% of admissions There were no deaths during the study period. We note the number of sickle cell-related admissions and morbidity has increased, along with an increase in the number of blood transfusions. The mortality rate for children with sickle cell in Barbados is low compared to other territories in the Caribbean and worldwide. The need for better comprehensive management protocols and universal screening should decrease the morbidity patterns seen in this study.
The impossibility of a universal public service perspective
Authors: Stout Margaret
Published: November 2017

The international accrediting organization for public service pedagogy, the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration, has established and adopted “universal competencies” that Master of Public Administration degree programs are expected to develop to establish a “global standard in public service education” ( http://www.naspaa.org/ ). This lofty goal suggests that there is one best way to prepare public administration students to: (a) lead and manage in public governance; (b) participate in and contribute to the policy process; (c) analyze, synthesize, think critically, solve problems, and make decisions; (d) articulate and apply a public service perspective; and (e) communicate and interact productively with a diverse and changing workforce and citizenry. While the universality of these competencies is not disputed, there are definitely competing ways to approach these various tasks. There are many different theories of leadership and management. Differing roles for public administrators in the policy process are each considered legitimate. Based on these differences, what can be articulated and successfully applied as a public service perspective will also differ situationally, particularly when considering the dynamic and diverse global context. This article explores this challenge and the implications it represents for instructors seeking to socialize students into the profession of public service and build their capacity “to articulate and apply a public service perspective” in consideration of “a diverse and changing workforce and citizenry.” Successful pedagogical approaches to this conundrum are explored and the article concludes with discussion of the potential usefulness of this approach in the global context, given the diversity of public service contexts in which graduates may find themselves.
Age and sex differences in intra-individual variability in a simple reaction time task
Authors: Ghisletta Paolo , Renaud Olivier , Fagot Delphine , Lecerf Thierry , de Ribaupierre Anik
Published: November 2017

While age effects in reaction time (RT) tasks across the lifespan are well established for level of performance, analogous findings have started appearing also for indicators of intra-individual variability (IIV). Children are not only slower, but also display more variability than younger adults in RT. Yet, little is known about potential moderating sex effects on RT-IIV. We analyzed responses in a simple RT task with 120 trials in children, younger, and older adults. To best capture sex differences we used generalized additive models (GAMs), a semi-parametric regression approach, to fit splines relating nonlinearly age to RT, and capable of testing sex differences therein. This method is more adequate to test sex differences in nonlinear age relations than polynomial regression. Results show that (a) males are faster than females (except in the older adults), and (b) in younger and older adults, males are less variable than females. No sex difference in IIV emerged in children. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that sex differences in RT variability may be attributable to brain effects of sex hormones, in particular estrogen, whose receptors are present in several brain regions involved in information processing and attention, which are systems involved in the regulation of variability in information processing. Thus, according to this hypothesis, sex differences in RT-IIV should be present after puberty, but not in pre-pubertal children.
Energy Metabolism of Bone
Authors: Motyl Katherine J. , Guntur Anyonya R. , Carvalho Adriana Lelis , Rosen Clifford J.
Published: November 2017

Biological processes utilize energy and therefore must be prioritized based on fuel availability. Bone is no exception to this, and the benefit of remodeling when necessary outweighs the energy costs. Bone remodeling is important for maintaining blood calcium homeostasis, repairing micro cracks and fractures, and modifying bone structure so that it is better suited to withstand loading demands. Osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes are the primary cells responsible for bone remodeling, although bone marrow adipocytes and other cells may also play an indirect role. There is a renewed interest in bone cell energetics because of the potential for these processes to be targeted for osteoporosis therapies. In contrast, due to the intimate link between bone and energy homeostasis, pharmaceuticals that treat metabolic disease or have metabolic side effects often have deleterious bone consequences. In this brief review, we will introduce osteoporosis, discuss how bone cells utilize energy to function, evidence for bone regulating whole body energy homeostasis, and some of the unanswered questions and opportunities for further research in the field.
Local oxygen homeostasis during various neuronal network activity states in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Schneider Justus , Berndt Nikolaus , Papageorgiou Ismini E , Maurer Jana , Bulik Sascha , Both Martin , Draguhn Andreas , Holzhütter Hermann-Georg , Kann Oliver
Published: November 2017

Cortical information processing comprises various activity states emerging from timed synaptic excitation and inhibition. However, the underlying energy metabolism is widely unknown. We determined the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) along a tissue depth of <0.3 mm in the hippocampal CA3 region during various network activities, including gamma oscillations and sharp wave-ripples that occur during wakefulness and sleep. These physiological states associate with sensory perception and memory formation, and critically depend on perisomatic GABA inhibition. Moreover, we modelled vascular oxygen delivery based on quantitative microvasculature analysis. (1) Local CMRO2 was highest during gamma oscillations (3.4 mM/min), medium during sharp wave-ripples, asynchronous activity and isoflurane application (2.0–1.6 mM/min), and lowest during tetrodotoxin application (1.4 mM/min). (2) Energy expenditure of axonal and synaptic signaling accounted for >50% during gamma oscillations. (3) CMRO2 positively correlated with number and synchronisation of activated synapses, and neural multi-unit activity. (4) The median capillary distance was 44 µm. (5) The vascular oxygen partial pressure of 33 mmHg was needed to sustain oxidative phosphorylation during gamma oscillations. We conclude that gamma oscillations featuring high energetics require a hemodynamic response to match oxygen consumption of respiring mitochondria, and that perisomatic inhibition significantly contributes to the brain energy budget.
Scaphoid instability caused by a giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath: A case report
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Pei Genwang , Zeng Xianshang , Chen Deng , Zuo Yonggang , Yu Weiguang , Ge Zhe , Zhang Xinchao
Published: November 2017

Giant-cell tumour of the tendon sheath (GCTTS) is a soft tissue tumour that may invade bone, causing an intrinsic osseous lesion or instability on radiographs. A case with scaphoid instability caused by a histologically-confirmed neighbouring GCTTS has rarely been described in the literature. No definite and radical method is available for the treatment of GCTTS. This report describes an unusual case of a 22-year-old woman who previously experienced a GCTTS in her right elbow, which was removed 10 years earlier. Currently, she presented with an enlarged painless right wrist mass with focal swelling. The mass has been present for 5 years. During the previous 6 months, she felt something pop and experienced pain with limited motion in her right wrist. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a well-circumscribed soft tissue mass. Under general anaesthesia, complete surgical resection of the mass was undertaken. Histopathological examination revealed that the mass was a GCTTS. Less invasive leverage reduction with external fixator support and iliac crest bone autologous graft for treatment of carpal instability were performed. Radical resection combined with external fixator support and bone grafting can provide a new option for the treatment of carpal instability.
Geopolitical economies of development and democratization in East Asia: Themes, concepts, and geographies
Authors: Glassman Jim
Published: November 2017

The term geopolitical economy has been used in a variety of ways within geography and other disciplines. This introduction to the special issue on geopolitical economies of development and democratization in East Asia discusses two of the major ways in which the term has been used—as “geographical political economy” and as “geopolitics plus political economy”—outlining an approach to articulation of these two forms of geopolitical economy.
Re-stating the post-political: Depoliticization, social inequalities, and city-region growth
Authors: Etherington David , Jones Martin
Published: November 2017

This paper argues that city-region building debates and relatedly “post-political” literatures are missing critical perspectives on the state, particularly the state’s continued existence as a social relation and an arena for politics, its role in the regulation of uneven development and the conflicts and struggles that arise from this. The paper brings the state centrally into “post-political” debates via a critical analysis of the interrelationships between depoliticization and neoliberalism. Focusing on Sheffield (South Yorkshire, England) in the context of devolution and deal-making public policy, the paper explores the seemingly consensual vision-making dynamics of this city region and dissects the tensions around economic governance, welfare austerity and social inequalities to get a handle on the “post-political” depoliticized state in, and of, contemporary capitalism.
Phenotypic and treatment outcome data on SUNCT and SUNA, including a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Weng Hsing-Yu , Cohen Anna S , Schankin Christoph , Goadsby Peter J
Published: November 2017

Background

Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA) are two rare headache syndromes classified broadly as Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (TACs).

Methods

Here, 65 SUNCT (37 males) and 37 SUNA (18 males) patients were studied to describe their clinical manifestations and responses to treatment.

Results

Pain was almost always unilateral and side-locked. There were three types of attack: Single stabs, stab groups, and a saw-tooth pattern, with some patients experiencing a mixture of two types. As to cranial autonomic symptoms, SUNA patients mainly had lacrimation (41%) and ptosis (40%). Most cases of the two syndromes had attack triggers, and the most common triggers were touching, chewing, or eating for SUNCT, and chewing/eating and touching for SUNA. More than half of each group had a personal or family history of migraine that resulted in more likely photophobia, phonophobia and persistent pain between attacks. For short-term prevention, both syndromes were highly responsive to intravenous lidocaine by infusion; for long-term prevention, lamotrigine and topiramate were effective for SUNCT, and lamotrigine and gabapentin were efficacious in preventing SUNA attacks. A randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trial of topiramate in SUNCT using an N-of-1 design demonstrated it to be an effective treatment in line with clinical experience.

Conclusions

SUNCT and SUNA are rare primary headache disorders that are distinct and very often tractable to medical therapy.
Efficacy of a Prevention Program for Medial Elbow Injuries in Youth Baseball Players
Authors: Sakata Jun , Nakamura Emi , Suzuki Tatsuhiro , Suzukawa Makoto , Akaike Atsushi , Shimizu Kuniaki , Hirose Norikazu
Published: November 2017

Background:

Youth baseball players are at high risk for elbow injuries, which can lead to future functional disability.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effectiveness of a prevention program to lower the risk of medial elbow injury in these athletes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Youth baseball players, 8 to 11 years old, without a history of elbow and shoulder pain, were allocated to either the intervention (n = 136) or control (n = 169) group. The intervention consisted of 9 strengthening and 9 stretching exercises, performed during warm-up or at home, with high compliance defined as completion of the program 1 or more times per week. The following outcome variables were measured: clinical assessment of the elbow and shoulder joint, ultrasonography assessment of the elbow, and assessment of physical function (passive range of motion of the elbow, shoulder, and hip; strength of the shoulder and scapular muscles; and measurement of the thoracic kyphosis angle). The clinical and ultrasonography assessments were measured at baseline and at 3-month intervals over the 1-year follow-up. Physical function outcomes were measured at baseline and at the endpoint of the follow-up. The primary endpoint of effectiveness was the incidence of medial elbow injury. Secondary endpoints were absolute measures of physical function and change in these measures over the 1-year follow-up.

Results:

The incidence rate of medial elbow injury was significantly lower in the intervention group (0.8/1000 athlete-exposures) than the control group (1.7/1000 athlete-exposures) (hazard ratio, 50.8%; 95% CI, 0.292-0.882; P = .016). The program improved total range of shoulder rotation (dominant side), hip internal rotation (nondominant side), shoulder internal rotation deficit (bilaterally), lower trapezius muscle strength (dominant side), and the thoracic kyphosis angle. Improvements in the following variables of physical function were predictive of a lower rate of medial elbow injury: increased total shoulder total rotation (odds ratio [OR], 0.973; 95% CI, 0.950-0.997), increased hip internal rotation of the nondominant side (OR, 0.962; 95% CI, 0.936-0.989), and decreased thoracic kyphosis angle (OR, 1.058; 95% CI, 1.015-1.103).

Conclusion:

A prevention program aiming to improve physical function can prevent medial elbow injury in youth baseball players.
Resiliency Across Cultures: A Validation of the Resiliency Scale for Young Adults
Authors: Wilson Claire A. , Plouffe Rachel A. , Saklofske Donald H. , Di Fabio Annamaria , Prince-Embury Sandra , Babcock Sarah E.
Published: November 2017

This study presents a cross-cultural validation of the recently developed Resiliency Scale for Young Adults (RSYA) with a sample of 289 Canadian university students and 259 Italian university students. The RSYA demonstrated good internal consistency across the two samples and acceptable retest reliability for the Canadian sample. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor, 10-facet structure of the RSYA, and comparison of the two country samples found metric invariance. As expected, positive correlations also emerged between resiliency and trait emotional intelligence in both samples. Finally, correlations with personality variables were explored in both samples. The present findings provide further support for the RSYA as a valid and reliable measure of personal resiliency for both Canadian and Italian young adults, and for the cross-cultural generalizability of the three-factor model of personal resiliency upon which it is based.
The intercalation of ammonium sulfamate into kaolinite and its effect on the fire performance of polypropylene
Authors: Tang Wufei , Li Hongfei , Zhang Sheng , Sun Jun , Gu Xiaoyu
Published: November 2017

Kaolinite has often been intercalated before being introduced into polymers to improve its dispersibility; however, the conventional intercalation usually reduces the flame retardancy of the composite. This work reports our recent efforts on improving both the flame retardant efficiency and dispersibility of kaolinite in polypropylene (PP) by intercalating with ammonium sulfamate (AS). The intercalation had been performed through three steps: dimethyl sulfoxide was firstly introduced into kaolinite layers under supersonic wave, then it was replaced by potassium acetate-aqueous (KAc), and finally the intercalated KAc was replaced by AS to obtain AS-intercalated kaolinite. The structure of intercalated kaolinite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The flammability evaluation by limit oxygen index, vertical burning test (UL-94), cone calorimeters test (CONE), and TGA indicated that the fire resistance, thermal stability, and physical properties of PP can be effectively enhanced by the introduction of AS-intercalated kaolinite. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) value of PP composite containing only 1.5 wt% intercalated kaolinite (1169 kW m−2) had been reduced 13.2% compared with that of the sample containing 1.5 wt% raw kaolinite (1346 kW m−2). The morphology analysis from scanning electron microscope images and XRD patterns demonstrated that the compatibility and dispersibility of kaolinite in PP had been significantly improved by intercalation. The flame retardant mechanism of AS-intercalated kaolinite in PP was proposed.
The irradiation surface treatment of UHMWPE fiber on the interfacial properties of PVC composite
Authors: He Runqin , Niu Fenglian , Chang Qiuxiang
Published: November 2017

Properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber-reinforced composites depend largely on the interfacial bonding strength between fiber and matrix. In the present work, UHMWPE was irradiation treatment. The existence of functional groups introduced to the fiber surface and the changes of surface roughness were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To evaluate the possible applications of this surface modification of UHMWPE fiber (UF), we examined the mechanical properties as well as the friction and wear performance of thermoplastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites and found that the mechanical properties of PVC composites were all significantly improved. Scanning electron microscope investigation of worn surfaces of PVC composites showed that surface-treated UF/neoprene/PVC (UF/NO/PVC) composite had the strongest interfacial adhesion.
A methodology for flexibility analysis of process piping
Authors: Zahid Umer , Khan Sohaib Z , Khan Muhammad A , Bukhari Hassan J , Ahmed Imran , Khan Kamran A
Published: November 2017

Design of piping system requires a systematic consideration of various factors as addressed by the codes and standards. This research paper aims to provide a method for flexibility analysis of a selected area of process piping at an industrial plant. Analysis is done for the purpose of accommodating a spare heat exchanger in the process layout. The analysis follows a systematic procedure, with preparation of a tentative model of the system on CAESAR II software followed by insertion of different pipe supports. The selection and location of these supports is based on the results obtained from displacement, stress, reaction and equipment nozzle analysis of the piping system. The design is in accordance with ASME B31.3, which is the standard code for process piping. The proposed method can be adapted for piping configuration of any industrial plant. With the provision of a systematic procedure, the method ensures time saving and efficient flexibility analysis of any piping system.
Adaptive nonlinear generalized predictive control for hypersonic vehicle with unknown parameters and control constraints
Authors: Tang Tingting , Qi Ruiyun , Jiang Bin
Published: November 2017

In this article, an adaptive nonlinear generalized predictive controller is developed for the hypersonic vehicle with unknown parameter uncertainties and control surface constraints. A nominal controller based on generalized predictive control is first developed for the nominal longitudinal model. Considering the complicated practical flying environment and outer unknown disturbances, a parametric longitudinal dynamics model of the hypersonic vehicle is constructed. Then, an adaptive parameter estimation method is proposed to update the unknown controller parameters and parameter projection is applied to solve the control singularity and the parameter boundedness problem. Control surface is restricted to deflect in a range. To satisfy the above constraint, the predictive time should be selected appropriately. Through a large number of simulation experiments, the suitable ranges of the predictive time under different commands are given. All closed-loop signals are guaranteed to be bounded. And simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Buying Consent
Authors: Bano Masooda
Published: November 2017

Community participation remains central to development policy; but so do concerns that negotiations to achieve it have become a drill devoid of real meaning. Repeatedly, development interventions fail to unlock its presumed benefits: low-cost innovation, good governance and sustainability. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with the Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) in Pakistan, a well-known case of organic community participation, this article demonstrates that the ability to buy consent in the case of donor-funded projects erodes the capacity for real community negotiations to take place. The article argues for closer study of cases such as OPP, known for their strong element of community embeddedness, to understand where things go wrong in aid-induced community participatory projects. It shows how constant negotiations within the community that allowed for the building of trust, the merging of local and technical knowledge, the trialling and adjustments of interventions, and patient lobbying of government officials and field staff are key to unlocking the real benefits of community participation and ensuring social accountability on the part of government agencies. The quick fixes encouraged under development projects, which normally rely on material incentives to generate co-operation, undermine these very principles leading to growing evidence of failure of aid-induced community participatory projects.
Community Conversations on Integrated Employment: Examining Individualization, Influential Factors, and Impact
Authors: Bumble Jennifer L. , Carter Erik W. , McMillan Elise , Manikas Alexandra S. , Bethune Lauren K.
Published: November 2017

Although “community conversations” are a promising approach to address employment outcomes for young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs), little research has addressed how these events are tailored to address the unique needs, assets, and resources of communities. Through in-depth interviews, organizers from seven diverse communities addressed their motivations for involvement, their pathways of personalization, and the factors contributing to the success of the events. Collectively, attendees generated more than 2,000 strategies to expand integrated employment locally, falling across six primary areas. Attendees considered these events to be a good investment of their time; however, they reported that additional action, education, and partnerships were needed in their communities. Following the events, attendees reported taking a variety of follow-up actions including sharing information, developing new relationships, talking with neighbors, and educating employers. We offer implications for policy, practice, and research aimed at expanding integrated employment for young people with disabilities.
Exploring Relationships Among Occupational Safety, Job Turnover, and Age Among Home Care Aides in Maine
Authors: Butler Sandra S.
Published: November 2017

As the U.S. population ages, the number of people needing personal assistance in the home care setting is increasing dramatically. Personal care aides and home health workers are currently adding more jobs to the economy than any other single occupation. Home health workers face physically and emotionally challenging, and at times unsafe, work conditions, with turnover rates ranging from 44 percent to 65 percent annually. As part of a mixed-method, longitudinal study in Maine examining turnover, interviews with 252 home care aides were analyzed thematically. Responses to interview questions regarding the job’s impact on health and safety, the adequacy of training, and the level of agency responsiveness were examined. Emergent themes, indicating some contradictory perspectives on workplace safety, quality of training, and agency support, were compared across three variables: job termination, occupational injury, and age. Implications for increasing occupational safety and job retention are discussed.
A Qualitative Analysis of Information Sharing in Hospice Interdisciplinary Group Meetings
Authors: Washington Karla T. , Demiris George , Parker Oliver Debra , Swarz Jeffrey A. , Lewis Alexandria M. , Backonja Uba
Published: November 2017

Background:

In the United States, hospice agencies are required to convene interdisciplinary group (IDG) meetings no less frequently than every 15 days to review patients’ care plans. Challenges associated with information sharing during these meetings can impede efficiency and frustrate attendees.

Objectives:

We sought to examine information sharing in the context of hospice IDG meetings as a first step toward developing an informatics tool to support interdisciplinary collaboration in this setting. Specifically, we wanted to better understand the purpose of information sharing in IDG meetings and determine the type(s) of information required to fulfill that purpose.

Methods, Setting, and Participants:

In this qualitative descriptive study, we analyzed video recordings of care plan discussions (n = 57) in hospice IDG meetings and individual interviews of hospice providers (n = 24).

Results:

Data indicated that sharing physical, psychosocial, and spiritual information is intended to optimize hospice teams’ ability to deliver whole-person care that is aligned with patient and family goals and that satisfies regulatory requirements.

Conclusion:

Information sharing is a key function of hospice teams in IDG meetings. Informatics tools may optimize IDG meeting efficiency by succinctly presenting well-organized and required information that is relevant to all team members. Such tools should highlight patient and family goals and ensure that teams are able to satisfy regulatory requirements.
The Economic Roots of Anti-immigrant Prejudice in the Global South: Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Harris Adam S. , Findley Michael G. , Nielson Daniel L. , Noyes Kennard L.
Published: November 2017

Most research in developed countries on prejudice toward foreign-born minorities suggests that cultural rather than economic threat motivates xenophobia. Prior studies leave unanswered questions about the origins of anti-immigrant prejudice in developing countries, where one-third of worldwide immigration occurs. Alternatively, developing-country research simply assumes that economic threat drives prejudice in the global South but has not presented credible empirical evidence. In this study, we seek to reliably measure anti-immigrant prejudice and examine possible determinants of prejudice and prejudice-based voting behavior. Through a list experiment conducted on a random sample of South Africans ( N = 1,088), we investigate the predictive power of economic threat theory in explaining prejudice toward immigrants in South Africa. The results show that significant prejudice toward immigrants exists among South Africans and that such prejudice is higher among the unemployed, but these sentiments do not seem to influence vote choice. The evidence suggests that the determinants of anti-immigrant sentiments due to South-South migration are distinct from South-North migration.
The Development of the Virtue of Gratitude: Theoretical Foundations and Cross-Cultural Issues
Authors: Merçon-Vargas Elisa A. , Poelker Katelyn E. , Tudge Jonathan R. H.
Published: November 2017

The expression of gratitude by children and young adolescents in different societies is the topic of this special issue. We introduce the concept of gratitude as a virtue, explaining its differences from gratitude viewed as a positive emotion. Although most research on gratitude uses samples from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies (primarily from the United States), we discuss the importance of studying the development of gratitude across different cultural groups. Despite the evidence to suggest that the expression of gratitude is viewed as desirable across multiple societies and historical periods, there is no reason to assume that developmental pathways found in one or other WEIRD society would be found in non-WEIRD societies or that the latter would have similar pathways. Children’s gratitude expression across countries is explored in this special issue using Baumgarten-Tramer’s (1938) paradigm as well as Kağıtçıbaşı’s (2007) framework to address both differences and similarities across cultures.
Processing the Scientific Tentativeness of Medical Research: An Experimental Study on the Effects of Research News and User Comments in Online Media
Authors: Flemming Danny , Cress Ulrike , Kimmerle Joachim
Published: November 2017

When people read medical research news on the Internet, they are confronted not only with information from the article itself but often also with comments written by other users about the article. Moreover, Internet users have the opportunity to write their own comments. In an experimental study we found that the actual scientific tentativeness of the research findings reported in a health news article as well as the empirical and the anecdotal evidence provided in other users’ skeptical comments influenced how the participants perceived scientific tentativeness and, in turn, how much they addressed this tentativeness in their own comments.
Political Interiors: The Case of Public Libraries
Authors: Capillé Cauê
Published: November 2017

Political and cultural agendas determine the programs of public libraries, implying complex and often conflicting requirements in terms of their functioning. On one hand, they intend to materialize a political discourse of open and equal access to knowledge. On the other, they have functional and epistemological needs that might restrict or condition the distribution and access of books, equipment, and people. This article looks at how space, program, and use interrelate in the emergence of public libraries as a building type, focusing on how they express an intended public message and fulfil specific social and cultural effects. It is argued that each of these three aspects underpins power relations in libraries. By embedding an epistemology of science, space also embeds social and cultural hierarchies. Through defining an educational agenda for public libraries, program endorses the idea that citizenship depends on instruction and literacy, implying technocracy. Finally, by becoming collective under the frames of space and program, use materializes the idea of a “self-regulated society,” which embeds a twofold process: to be regulated by all others and to engage in a process of participatory action and regulation. The article reviews the literature on the historical emergence of public libraries and recommends that studies of contemporary libraries should consider how this building type originally framed social relationships through its architecture, materializing specific ideologies of politics and culture.
From transgression to tradition: Relationality, organizational absorption, and the Lascivious Costume Ball, 1970–1984
Authors: Reynolds Celene
Published: November 2017

The Lascivious Costume Ball, a sexuality-themed and institutionally authorized party that took place at the University of Chicago from 1970 to 1984, began as a form of student rebellion. Yet within a few years it was diluted and managed by the university administration. Stripped of its initial transgressive character, the Lascivious Costume Ball had been integrated into the legitimate routines of the University as a representation of its institutional identity. This article uses the Lascivious Costume Ball as a case study to examine how organizations respond to potentially threatening oppositional action marshaled by their constituents. Drawing on an analysis of archival materials and 69 interviews with administrators, faculty, and alumni associated with the University at the time of the Ball, I argue that spatiotemporal context crucially shaped administrators’ approach to the event and hence its transformation. This article (1) illuminates the importance of relationality in shaping organizational responses to oppositional action; (2) introduces a new mechanism, organizational absorption, whereby organizations manage and defuse such action; and (3) suggests a fresh appreciation for the role of organizational identity in the management of disruption.
Reports of the unintelligible: Apperceptive difficulties in descriptions of holocaust survivors’ reactions
Authors: Levy Sofia Débora , Ramos de Farias Francisco
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a study about the psychological state and possibility of reaction of the Jews during the Holocaust. The survivors’ life histories contain expressions that allude to the unintelligible nature of the horrors they endured. We seek to understand the damage to the structure of the psyche revealed in these accounts, given the impact of the violence and trauma experienced, which impairs the apperceptive capacity and the capacity to respond during and after the traumatic experience. In this phenomenological study, structured using the historical–hermeneutical–existential method, we seek to unpick the meaning behind the chains of experiences as well as the difficulty in working through them discursively manifested by the survivors.
Experimenting with interaction: TV news efforts to invite audiences into the broadcast and their effects on gatekeeping
Authors: McElroy Brittany Pieper
Published: November 2017

This article examines the concept of interactive and participatory journalism in news through the lens of gatekeeping theory. It aims to shine a light on newsrooms that have been early adapters in the trends and technologies of interactive content between journalists and their audiences. It explores what the managers and employees of those newsrooms believe has been successful, what has not been successful, and what other journalists can learn from their experiences. It also examines how these efforts have affected the process of gatekeeping in these newsrooms. The researcher employed in-depth interviews with 12 employees in three newsrooms in the United States. The interviewees included general managers, news directors, anchors, and digital producers. The research identified three major themes that contributed to the success of exploratory interactive efforts: newsroom culture, a focus on the audience, and finding balance between attracting those who want interactivity without alienating those who don’t.
Outcomes of inpatient psychiatric treatment for adolescents: A multiple perspectives evaluation
Authors: Lee YingMin , Martin Peter , Hembry Pippa , Lewis Simon
Published: November 2017

Adolescent inpatient psychiatric treatment was evaluated from the multiple perspectives of clinicians, young people and parents using standardised measures and goal-based outcomes (GBOs). The sample included cases ( N = 128) discharged from a London adolescent unit between April 2009 and December 2015. Measures were completed at admission and discharge, and change in ratings was analysed to assess treatment outcomes. Ratings of clinicians and young people on the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) were compared. Adolescents demonstrated significant improvement across all measures from admission to discharge. Correlation between clinicians’ and adolescents’ HoNOSCA ratings was weak at admission ( r = .25) but stronger at discharge ( r = .63). Standardised effect sizes were larger for GBOs ( d = 1.73 and 3.16 for adolescent and clinician-rated goals, respectively) compared to all standardised measures ( d = 0.31–0.93). Improvement was observed across all measures of functioning and symptoms following inpatient treatment. Clinicians and young people developed better shared understanding of the problems from admission to discharge. GBOs are more sensitive to change compared to standardised measures and may be meaningfully adopted by inpatient units for routine outcome monitoring.
Comparison of two health measurements among older adults
Authors: Chen Ching-Yi
Published: November 2017

The aims of this study were to develop composite indices for measuring the life relative independence of older adults and to compare the results with the self-rated health status to evaluate the reliability. The life relative independence measures were developed using a representative cross-sectional survey of 2336 samples in Taiwan. The results indicated that older adults have poor social health and economic security, the life relative independence is more effective in health evaluation than the self-rated health status and psychological health is associated with independence. This study provides an improved understanding of scenarios of independence for older adults.
Black mixed-race men, perceptions of the family, and the cultivation of ‘post-racial’ resilience
Authors: Joseph-Salisbury Remi
Published: November 2017

Historically and contemporarily, popular discourses have pathologised Black mixed-race men as the embodiment of a ‘clash of cultures’. In centring the voices of Black mixed-race men in the UK and the US, this article offers a refutation to these discourses. With a specific focus on secondary schooling, the article draws upon accounts from semi-structured interviews in order to demonstrate how Black mixed-race men perceive their families as offering a source of strength and support. In order to understand how the family supports Black mixed-race men in overcoming the challenges posed by a hostile, ‘post-racial’ white supremacist environment, I develop a conceptualisation of ‘ post-racial’ resilience. Through this concept, I highlight the creative and innovative ways Black mixed-race men and their families respond to the lived realities of pervasive racial inequities that are occluded by ‘post-racialism’. The article considers the role that parents play in three, inextricably linked, aspects of Black mixed-race men’s lives: schooling, identity formation, and experiences of racism.
Education for a competitive Asia: Questioning the discourse of human capital
Authors: Lightfoot-Rueda Theodora
Published: November 2017

This article looks at the concept of education for human capital from its origins in the US and Britain as part of a neo-colonial effort, to its current role in dominating educational discourse across Asia. It argues that although there is nothing wrong with promoting education for career success, this should not be the only lens through which we view schooling.