bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RETENTION OF ARABIC LANGUAGE AS A NATIONAL IDENTITY IN TWO OF GADAH AS-SAMMAN’S NOVELS: POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Mahmudah  , Sangidu  , Munawwar Manshur Fadlil
Published: June 2020

Purpose: This article aims to analyze the retention of the Arabic language as a national identity by Lebanon nationalists who live as exiles outside European countries in two of her novels, Lailatul-Milyār and Sahrah Tanakkuriyyah Lil-Mautā. As a product of fiction from a colonized country, both stories represent postcolonial discourses, showing the effect of colonialism, while also voicing resistance to colonialism. Methodology: The research materials or material objects in this article are two of as-Sammān’s novels. Data sources were grouped in primary data, which is the two of Sammān’s novels, and secondary data, which is various references that support analysis, including books, journals, blogs, and other relevant sources in academic studies. Deconstruction is a textual strategy, which is utilized for analyzing the data in this study. No software tool is used. Main Findings: The Lebanese nationalists in Europe tried to maintain the use of the Arabic language as the first and foremost national identity for several reasons, including defending (1) the Arabness, (2) the membership in the national community, and (3) the nation and nationality. Implications/ Applications: This study highlights that resistance to colonialism can be done in various ways, both through violence and non-violence. In modern times, non-violent methods are frequently used. Among the non-violent ways is to fight for the retention of the Arabic language as a national identity so that to maintain it means to maintain Arabism, the membership of the nation’s community, and defend the nation and nationality of the Arabs.              Novelty/Originality of this study: These findings highlight the struggle of the Lebanese nationalists in Europe; the younger generation who are trying to inherit Arabic must also struggle to learn it, both formal and informal, even against the mainstream. The results of persistence and perseverance in learning Arabic cannot be seen immediately, but a long time after that. The ability to speak Arabic, then, can foster a spirit of nationalism in the young Arab generation.
A educação ambiental na sociedade contemporânea: bricolagem pedagógica ou projeto antropológico?
Authors: Charlot Bernard
Published: June 2020

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Hormigón y gran escala
Authors: Fiorito Mariana I.
Published: June 2020

A partir de 1969, en las proximidades del ejido de la ciudad de Puerto Madryn en la Patagonia argentina, logró adquirir la fuerza necesaria el proyecto de instalación de una planta industrial de producción de aluminio primario durante el gobierno de facto del General Juan Carlos Onganía (1966-1970). Finalmente fue adjudicada, luego de una licitación no ajena a los vaivenes políticos del país y oposición de empresarios locales y extranjeros, a un grupo liderado por la empresa nacional de neumáticos FATE. El Estado nacional garantizaría el suministro de la energía desde una central hidroeléctrica sobre el río Futaleufú -550 km al oeste de la ciudad-, la realización de un puerto de aguas profundas, además de otras obras civiles. Por su parte, la empresa de capitales privados ejecutó la construcción de conjuntos de viviendas y sus servicios para los empleados que se trasladarían a trabajar a la zona. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar las condiciones materiales de estas obras complementarias al proyecto de la instalación de la planta que dan cuenta del uso del hormigón armado en grandes escalas y, en el caso de las viviendas, del ensayo de construcción de tipo industrializada.
El edificio Casa Natal de Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
Authors: Igareta Ana , Erostarbe María Emilia , Chechi Florencia
Published: June 2020

Es poco lo que se ha investigado en la arqueología argentina sobre los materiales y técnicas empleadas en las provincias del oeste del país durante el periodo colonial. En el caso de la ciudad de San Juan, que durante más de dos siglos formó parte de la Gobernación de Chile, son contados los antecedentes de análisis directo de edificios o restos de edificios construidos en dicho periodo. Es por ello que se estimó de interés el estudio del edificio del Museo y Biblioteca Casa Natal de Sarmiento desde una perspectiva arqueológica, dado que se trata de uno de los pocos edificios coloniales tardíos que aún permanecen en pie en la ciudad. El presente artículo da cuenta de los resultados preliminares obtenidos durante una revisión de fuentes documentales destinada a identificar menciones relativas a las materias primas, técnicas y sistemas utilizados en la construcción de la casa y en las sucesivas reformas de las que fue objeto. La información recuperada fue utilizada para generar una primera aproximación hipotética a la materialidad de la vivienda en tres periodos claves de su historia
ФИХТЕОВЕ ПРВЕ РЕФЛЕКСИЈЕ О ПОЛИТИЧКИМ И МОРАЛНИМ ПИТАЊИМА
Authors: НОВОВИЋ ТАМАРА
Published: June 2020

У овом тексту пажњу ћемо усмерити на први Фихтеов спис Случајне мисли из једне бесане ноћи који наговештава његова будућа интересовања, а који описује и политичке прилике и општу декаденцију немачког друштва услед хедонистичког живота виших сталежа. Губитак моралних обзира оних који су на највишим друштвеним позицијама одражава се на целокупно функционисање државе, те доводећи у везу морал и политику Фихте поставља тезу да је неморално понашање принчева, племства, као и свих одговорних лица која руководе државним пословима узрок општег социјалног суноврата. У овом раду Фихте на неки начин апелује да се сваки појединац морално преобрази, јер се само моралне заједнице и друштва могу надати просперитету. Каснији политичко-правни радови откривају Фихтеове просветитељске тежње да подигне општи ново свести својих сународника кроз образовање и просвећивање.
PRIČA FILOZOFIJE PRIČA KAO RAD FILOZOFIJE I FILOZOFIJA RADA (FILOZOFIJE): OGLEDI O NARATIVNOM METODU KAO RADU JEZIKA U SVETLU DUHOVNOG ŽIVOTINJSKOG CARSTVA IZ HEGELOVE FENOMENOLOGIJE DUHA (I DEO)
Authors: MIĆIĆ NEMANJA
Published: June 2020

U ovim ogledima ćemo pokušati da, putem priče filozofije priča, pokažemo nešto drugačiji ugao posmatranja filozofije rada (filozofije), koja se može iščitati iz Hegelovog odeljka Duhovno životinjsko carstvo i obmana ili sama stvar, iz Fenomenologije duha. Umesto praćenja uobičajenih tekstova, koji na ovaj Hegelov narativ reaguju tumačeći ga iz vizure opisa intelektualnog ili akademskog rada i angažovanja, ili pak rada uopšte, sa naše strane bismo želeli najpre da pokažemo da je svaka delatnost u prvom redu jezičko-pripovesna, kao i da su rezultati rada jezika uvek neke (kontingentne) priče. One svoju aktualizaciju imaju samo putem neprestanog odnošenja sa drugim pričama, u čistom narativnom mnoštvu, koje jezik fundamentalno manifestuje. Ukoliko ima bilo kakvog rada i delatnosti, ono je jezičko-narativno. Videćemo koliko nam Hegelova studija i njen spekulativni karakter može pomoći ili odmoći u pokušaju kristalisanja te priče filozofije priča, kao filozofije rada (filozofije).
Unamuno, Don Juan y el Mal du siècle
Authors: Rivera Leonarda
Published: June 2020

El Don Juan de Miguel de Unamuno pertenece a la galería de donjuanes viejos y cansados que comienzan a aparecer en la literatura europea de finales del siglo XIX y se extienden hasta mediados del XX, y que no sólo evidencian en su interior una serie de elementos propios de la época como el aburrimiento, el cansancio, el tedio etc., sino que muestran cómo esta figura, que había nacido con la Modernidad, al final también sucumbe ante la crisis finisecular.
Reconfigurações do conceito de flâneur pelas práticas artísticas do caminhar na artemídia contemporânea
Authors: Freitas Gabriela
Published: June 2020

El concepto de flâneur abordado por Benjamin se convirtió en un retrato de la modernidad en el París del siglo XIX. Muchos todavía se refieren a la flânerie sin cuestionar el contexto contemporáneo. Queremos mostrar cómo algunas obras de arte mediático actuales de cuatro artistas brasileños brindan experiencias participativas que reconfiguran este concepto. Para hacerlo, analizaremos las obras desde el campo ampliado (fotográfico y cinematográfico), en el que el proceso de concepción híbrida de la obra es crucial. También señalaremos cómo dichos procesos incorporan el caminar por el espacio como una práctica artística, creando lugares de interacción en los que, incluso antes de una experiencia individual, el colectivo se hace presente, aportando un enfoque más político que el característico de la atmósfera burguesa y capitalista de flânerie parisina. Los conceptos de “deriva” y delirium ambulatorium también serán discutidos para comprender tal reconfiguración del flâneur en la contemporaneidad.
Silencio, pasividad y disimulo: maneras de escapar cuando no hay salida y una Postdata
Authors: Fernandez-Savater Amador , Varela Huerta Amarela
Published: June 2020

This article, transcript of a conference that Amador Fernández-Savater gave in June 2019 at unam, explores the strategies of tiny resistance to “a situation with no way out.” In it power is omnipresent and heroism or criticism are subsumed in the logic of the same code that produces oppression. Silence, passivity and dissimulation, explained in an ethical sense, constitute for the author the ways of surviving and resisting from powerlessness. Following this reflection, Amarela Varela Huerta offers us in her Postscript an experiential and critical reading of Fernández-Savater’s text.
Clima em jogo
Authors: Zezzo Larissa Vieira , Oliveira Jéssica Patrícia de , Coltri Priscila Pereira
Published: June 2020

Conceitos das Geociências estão no cotidiano das pessoas e temas dessa área, como aClimatologia, vêm sendo apresentados rotineiramente aos alunos do Ensino Médio. No entanto, grandeparte dos conceitos climatológicos são abstratos para a maioria das pessoas, exigindo do professor umahabilidade maior em discuti-los. Nesse contexto e, com o intuito de abordar questões climatológicasde forma interativa, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver um material didático que tem comobase um jogo de tabuleiro, para ser utilizado como ferramenta pedagógica para melhor promover aaprendizagem de conceitos de Geociências, enfatizando a Climatologia. O jogo foi desenvolvido a partirda Base Nacional Comum Curricular, bem como de temas indicados pela UNESCO para o ensino deMudanças Climáticas, além de questões das Geociências da América do Sul. Com a aplicação dessematerial, espera-se que os alunos consigam debater de forma crítica os principais temas deGeociências, Climatologia e Geografia.
The Characteristics of Pesantren in the Development of Islamic Education in West Sumatra
Authors: Zulmuqim Zulmuqim , Zainimal Zainimal , Kustati Martin , Besral Besral , Refinaldi Refinaldi , Adriantoni Adriantoni
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study is to investigate the characteristics of pesantren in the development of Islamic education in West Sumatra. This region is well known for the early history of Islamic education in Indonesia. This is a qualitative study where the data were gathered through observation, interview, focus group discussion, and documentation in eleven pesantrens in the province of West Sumatra. This study reveals three main characters of the Islamic boarding schools, namely institutional system, curriculum and learning system and typology. Institutionally, Islamic boarding schools is under the auspices of a foundation. However, leadership and regeneration are still closely linked to the family of the pesantren founders. The curriculum and learning system are integrated from general/state school curriculum, classical pesantren curriculum, and modern Islamic school curriculum. Various classical-medieval literature in Islamic studies, commonly known as kitab kuning, are to a great extent also still used, especially in the institutions that only run traditional Islamic boarding schools (pesantren salaf).

Keywords: Characteristics, Islamic boarding schools, Islamic education
Hubungan Antara Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Implan dengan Komunikasi, Informasi, Edukasi (KIE), dan Pengetahuan
Authors: Alfiyah Nurul , Nuswantoro Djohar , Sunarsih Sunarsih
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Contraception usage in Indonesia had not effective yet. The high usage of contraception not compensated by evenness on each type of contraception. Implant as a long acting reversible contraception with high effectiveness is rarely used because of negative perception in society. The existence of negative perception caused by lack of information and knowledge about implant contraception. The study analysed association between implant contraception usage with Education Information Communication (EIC) and knowledge.Methods: An observational analytic with a case control design. The population were 822 contraceptive acceptors. Study period on January-December 2018. Total samples were 70 with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. Divided into 2 groups, (35 non-implant acceptors as a case group and 35 implant acceptors as a control group). Data obtained through primary data and obtained from the results of guided interviews and questionnaires. Then analyzed through the chi square statistical test.Results: 60% of acceptors got a good EIC about implant contraception (p=0.001), 51.4% of acceptors had enough knowledge about implant contraception (p=0.94).Conclusion: There is an association between EIC with implant contraception usage, but there isn’t an association between knowledge of implant contraception usage.
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Ikterus Neonatorum
Authors: Auliasari Nimas Anggie , Etika Risa , Krisnana Ilya , Lestari Pudji
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Ikterus neonatorum merupakan manifestasi klinis pada neonatus yang ditandai dengan warna kuning pada kulit dan sklera akibat dari akumulasi produksi bilirubin tak terkonjugasi yang berlebih dalam jaringan. Berdasarkan data di RSUD Dr. Soetomo, tepatnya di ruang NICU dari 844 neonatus (46,8%) mengalami ikterus neonatorum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ikterus neonatorum.Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan analitik observasional dengan pendekatan case control. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 84 neonatus. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sequential sampling. Variabel independen yaitu inkompatibilitas ABO, prematuritas, BBLR, asfiksia, dan riwayat ibu DM, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah ikterus neonatorum. Pengumpulan data berupa data sekunder dari neonatus dan ibu. Analisis data menggunakan Contingency coefficient dengan α=0,05.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 85,7% neonatus yang inkompatibilitas ABO mengalami ikterus neonatorum dan didapatkan nilai p=0,048, OR=6.833. Terdapat 57,4% neonatus yang prematur mengalami ikterus neonatorum dan didapatkan nilai p=0,028, OR=3,077. Terdapat 42,4% BBLR yang mengalami ikterus neonatorum dan didapatkan nilai p=0,032, OR=0,346. Terdapat 60% neonatus yang asfiksia mengalami ikterus neonatorum dan didapatkan nilai p=0,500. Terdapat 85,7% riwayat Ibu DM yang mengalami ikterus neonatorum dan didapatkan nilai p=0,048, OR=6,833.Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan penelitian ini, terdapat hubungan antara inkompatibilitas ABO, prematuritas, BBLR, dan riwayat Ibu DM dan tidak ada hubungan antara asfiksia dengan kejadian ikterus neonatorum di RSUD Dr. Soetomo.
Introduction to the Acta IMEKO special issue on the 16th IMEKO TC10 conference “Testing, Diagnostics & Inspection as a comprehensive value chain for Quality & Safety”, 2019
Authors: Viharos Zsolt János
Published: June 2020

Distinguished Readers, the here presented issue of Acta IMEKO makes public in open access form the selected highlights of the 16th IMEKO TC10 Conference on “Testing, Diagnostics & Inspection as a comprehensive value chain for Quality & Safety” held in Berlin, Germany, on September 3-4, 2019. Publication authors from 14 countries contributed to the scientific excellence of the conference. As a result of the review process with highly committed referees, the best 7 papers were accepted for this issue as introduced in the next paragraphs.
Inequalities and Deteriorations in Cardiovascular Health in Premenopausal US Women, 1990–2016
Authors: O’Neil Adrienne , Thompson Kelly , Russell Josephine D. , Norton Robyn
Published: June 2020

Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates in the United States have declined by up to two thirds in recent decades. Closer examination of these trends reveals substantial inequities in the distribution of mortality benefits. It is worrying that the uneven distribution of CHD that exists from lowest to highest social class—the social gradient—has become more pronounced in the United States since 1990 and is most pronounced for women.

Here we consider ways in which this trend disproportionately affects premenopausal women aged 35 to 54 years. We apply a social determinants of health framework focusing on intersecting axes of inequalities—notably gender, class, ethnicity, geographical location, access to wealth, and class—among other power relations to which young and middle-aged women are especially vulnerable, and we argue that increasing inequalities may be driving these unprecedented deteriorations. We conclude by discussing interventions and policies to target and alleviate inequality axes that have potential to promote greater equity in the distribution of CHD mortality and morbidity gains.

The application of this framework in the context of women’s cardiovascular health can help shed light regarding why we are seeing persistently poorer outcomes for premenopausal US women.
Work Environment Factors and Prevention of Opioid-Related Deaths
Authors: Shaw William S. , Roelofs Cora , Punnett Laura
Published: June 2020

Opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid overdose deaths (OODs) are prevalent among US workers, but work-related factors have not received adequate attention as either risk factors or opportunities for OOD prevention. Higher prevalence of OOD in those with heavy physical jobs, more precarious work, and limited health care benefits suggest work environment and organizational factors may predispose workers to the development of OUD.

Organizational policies that reduce ergonomic risk factors, respond effectively to employee health and safety concerns, provide access to nonpharmacologic pain management, and encourage early substance use treatment are important opportunities to improve outcomes. Organizational barriers can limit disclosure of pain and help-seeking behavior, and opioid education is not effectively integrated with workplace safety training and health promotion programs.

Policy development at the employer, government, and association levels could improve the workplace response to workers with OUD and reduce occupational risks that may be contributing factors.
Dissemination of Information About Climate Change by State and Local Public Health Departments: United States, 2019–2020
Authors: Albright Karen , Shah Pari , Santodomingo Melodie , Scandlyn Jean
Published: June 2020

Objectives. To determine if and how state and local public health departments present information about climate change on their Web sites, their most public-facing platform.

Methods. We collected data from every functioning state (n = 50), county (n = 2090), and city (n = 585) public health department Web site in the United States in 2019 and 2020. We analyzed data for presence and type of climate-related content and to determine whether there existed clear ways to find climate change information. We analyzed Web sites providing original content about climate change for explanatory or attributional language.

Results. Fewer than half (40%) of state health department Web sites, and only 1.6% of county and 3.9% of city Web sites, provided clear ways to find climate change information, whether through provision of original content or links to external agencies’ Web sites. Among Web sites providing original content, 48% provided no explanation of climate change causes.

Conclusions. National and global public health associations have identified climate change as a public health emergency, but most state and local public health departments are not delivering that message. These departments must be better supported to facilitate dissemination of reliable, scientific information about climate change and its effects on health.
Nonrelocatable Occupations at Increased Risk During Pandemics: United States, 2018
Authors: Baker Marissa G.
Published: June 2020

Objectives. To characterize which occupations in the United States could likely work from home during a pandemic such as COVID-19.

Methods. I merged 2018 US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) national employment and wage data with measures ranking the importance of computer use at work and the importance of working with or performing for the public from the BLS O*NET survey.

Results. Approximately 25% (35.6 million) of US workers are employed in occupations (such as technology, administrative, financial, and engineering) that could be done from home; the remaining 75% work in occupations (including health care, manufacturing, retail, and food services) that are challenging to do from home.

Conclusions. Most US workers are employed in occupations that cannot be done at home, putting 108.4 million workers at increased risk for adverse health outcomes related to working during a pandemic. These workers tend to be lower paid. The stress experienced by lower-income groups, coupled with job insecurity, could result in a large burden of mental health disorders in the United States in addition to increased cases of COVID-19 from workplace transmission.
Multiscale-Network Structure Inversion of Fractured Media Based on a Hierarchical-Parameterization and Data-Driven Evolutionary-Optimization Method
Authors: Ma Xiaopeng , Zhang Kai , Yao Chuanjin , Zhang Liming , Wang Jian , Yang Yongfei , Yao Jun
Published: June 2020

Efficient identification and characterization of fracture networks are crucial for the exploitation of fractured media such as naturally fractured reservoirs. Using the information obtained from borehole logs, core images, and outcrops, fracture geometries can be roughly estimated. However, this estimation always has uncertainty, which can be decreased using inverse modeling. Following the Bayes framework, a common practice for inverse modeling is to sample from the posterior distribution of uncertain parameters, given the observational data. However, a challenge for fractured reservoirs is that the fractures often occur on different scales, and these fractures form an irregular network structure that is difficult to model and predict. In this work, a multiscale-parameterization method is developed to model the fracture network. Based on this parameterization method, we present a novel history-matching approach using a data-driven evolutionary algorithm to explore the Bayesian posterior space and decrease the uncertainties of the model parameters. Empirical studies on hypothetical and outcrop-based cases demonstrate that the proposed method can model and estimate the complex multiscale-fracture network on a limited computational budget.
The Impact of Healthcare Worker Influenza Vaccination on Nosocomial Influenza in a Tertiary Hospital: An Ecological Study
Authors: Wei Wycliffe Enli , Fook-Chong Stephanie , Chen Wen Kai , Chlebicki Maciej Piotr , Gan Wee Hoe
Published: June 2020

Background:To protect hospitalized patients who are more susceptible to complications of influenza, seasonal influenza vaccination of healthcare workers (HCW) has been recommended internationally. However, its effectiveness is still being debated. To assess the effectiveness of HCW influenza vaccination, we performed an ecological study to evaluate the association between healthcare worker influenza vaccination and the incidence of nosocomial influenza in a tertiary hospital within Singapore between 2013-2018.Methods:Nosocomial influenza was defined by influenza among inpatients diagnosed 7 days or more post-admission by laboratory testing, while healthcare worker influenza vaccination rate was defined as the proportion of healthcare workers that was vaccinated at the end of each annual seasonal vaccination exercise. A modified Poisson regression was performed to assess the association between the HCW vaccination rates and monthly nosocomial influenza incidence rates.Results:Nosocomial influenza incidence rates followed the trend of non-nosocomial influenza, showing a predominant mid-year peak. Across 2,480,010 patient-days, there were 256 nosocomial influenza cases (1.03 per 10,000 patient-days). Controlling for background influenza activity and the number of influenza tests performed, no statistically significant association was observed between vaccination coverage and nosocomial influenza incidence rate although a protective effect was suggested (IRR 0.89, 95%CI:0.69-1.15,p=0.37).Conclusion:No significant association was observed between influenza vaccination rates and nosocomial influenza incidence rates, although a protective effect was suggested. Aligning local HCW vaccine timing and formulation to that of the Southern Hemisphere may improve effectiveness. HCW vaccination remains important but demonstrating its effectiveness in preventing nosocomial influenza is challenging.
Brown adipose tissue activity is modulated in olanzapine-treated young rats by simvastatin
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Feng Xiyu , Deng Chao , Liu Lu , Zeng Yanping , Hu Changhua
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPrescription of second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) to childhood/adolescent has exponentially increased in recent years, which was associated with the greater risk of significant weight gain and dyslipidemia. Statin is considered a potential preventive and treatment approach for reducing SGA-induced weight gain and dyslipidemia in schizophrenia patients. However, the effect of statin treatment in children and adolescents with SGA-induced dyslipidemia is not clearly demonstrated.MethodsTo investigate the efficacy of statin interventions for reversing SGA-induced dyslipidemia, young Sprague Dawley rats were treated orally with either olanzapine (1.0 mg/kg,t.i.d.), simvastatin (3.0 mg/kg,t.i.d.), olanzapine plus simvastatin (O+S), or vehicle (control) for 5 weeks.ResultsOlanzapine treatment increased weight gain, food intake and feeding efficiency compared to the control, while O+S co-treatment significantly reversed body weight gain but without significant effects on food intake. Moreover, olanzapine treatment induced a slight but significant reduction in body temperature, with a decrease in locomotor activity. Fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels were markedly elevated in the olanzapine-only group, whereas O+S co-treatment significantly ameliorated these changes. Pronounced activation of lipogenic gene expression in the liver and down-regulated expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) was observed in the olanzapine-only group. Interestingly, these protein changes could be reversed by co-treatment with O+B.ConclusionsSimvastatin is effective in ameliorating TC and TG elevated by olanzapine. Modulation of BAT activity by statins could be a partial mechanism in reducing metabolic side effects caused by SGAs in child and adolescent patients.
Protocol for Reducing COVID-19 Transmission Risk in EEG Research
Authors: Simmons Aaron M. , Luck Steven J.
Published: June 2020

Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings provide a valuable, noninvasive method for measuring human brain activity. This protocol modifies our general protocol for EEG recording (Farrens et al., 2019) for use during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was created with the help of numerous experts, and it specifies a clear set of steps for interacting with research participants, using personal protective equipment (PPE), and disinfecting equipment, all with the goal of reducing the COVID-19 risks for both laboratory personnel and participants. It focuses on the use of EEG in relatively simple research studies of adults who can easily understand and follow instructions, yet can be readily adapted for studies using other types of EEG experiments or other participant populations.
Interventional Effects of DHA on Behavioral Memory Impairment Caused by Repeated Anesthesia of Sevoflurane in Aged Rats
Authors: Tian Ming , Li Kezhong , Zhao Xiaoling
Published: June 2020

Backgroud: The current study aimed to explore the effects of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the behavioral memory impairment induced by repeated anesthesia of sevoflurane in aged rats. Methods: A total of 45 Sprague‑Dawley (SD) aged rats were randomly divided into five groups: Blank control group (Control), sevoflurane group (Model), low-dose DHA group (L-DHA; 0.3g/kg), medium-dose DHA group (M-DHA; 1g/kg) and high-dose DHA group (H-DNA; 3g/kg). Morris water maze experiment was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of rats. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe histological changes in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were used to determine the expression of the Nuclear factor erythroid-2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2(Nrf2)/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. Results: Rats were indicated to exhibit prolonged escape latency following sevoflurane anesthesia. The number of times taken to cross the platform and the time for target quadrant stay were also demonstrated to be significantly reduced. Rats treated with different doses of DHA were revealed to exhibit reduced escape latency. The number of times taken to cross the platform and the time for target quadrant stay increased. Histopathological examination indicated that DHA attenuated the brain function of the rats that were repeatedly anesthetized using sevoflurane. Furthermore, the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein were demonstrated to be significantly increased. Conclusions: The present study revealed that DHA has a protective effect on learning and memory impairment in aged rats induced by repeated sevoflurane anesthesia, and the mechanism may be associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
C-Phycocyanin derived from Spirulina maxima attenuates the symptoms of psoriasis in mouse models
Authors: Jun Sang Yoon , Jang Jin Young , Yoon Su Jin , Park JongHo , Cho Yun Ji , Shin Hwa Sung , Yang Yun Jung
Published: June 2020

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes in the epidermis. The efficacy of c-phycocyanin, a photosynthetic pigment isolated from Spirulina maxima, was assessed via histological examinations, and anti-inflammatory properties were investigated in mouse models of imiquimod-induced psoriasis (BALB/C-nu and BALB/C).Result: C-Phycocyanin lowered epidermal thickening, as well as immune cell clustering in the dermis. Furthermore, C-phycocyanin modulated the levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase-2, IL-1b) in the BALB/C-nu mouse model and psoriasis-related cytokines (IL-17a, interferon-gamma, calcitonin gene-related peptide) in BALB/c mice.Conclusion: We show that C-Phycocyanin could be developed as a natural pharmaceutical against psoriasis.
Early prediction for severe COVID-19 with hypertension and intervention
Authors: Peng Denggao , Gao Yanzhang , Zhou Zhenyu , Wang Huan , Tang Anjue
Published: June 2020

Background

To identify the early predictors of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with hypertension,explore antihypertensive drugs with potential therapeutic effects, and provide a basis for clinical prediction and treatment decisions.
Method:

A retrospective study was performed on all included cases.
Results

A total of 68 COVID-19 patients with hypertension were included,27 (39.7%) was severe and 41 (60.3%) was non-severe. Between the non-severe group (n = 41) and the severe group (n = 27),number of elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and abnormal renal function,and albumin,lactate dehydrogenase,ultrasensitive troponin I,PH Value,arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure,sodium,osmotic pressure (OP),blood sugar (BS) and oxygenation index (OI) are significantly different.While age, male gender,comorbidities with diabetes or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,smoking history,number of abnormal liver function,heart rate,respiratory rate, blood pressure,white blood cell count,hematocrit,potassium and lactic acid are statistically insignificant.Four independent predictors of BNP (P = .026),OP (P = .004),BS (P = .017) and OI (P = .001) are obtained through multivariate binary logistic regression model.The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of model is 0.904 ([95%CI] [0.832–0.976];P = .000),with excellent performance.Compared with blank control group (n = 27) and other antihypertensive drugs group (n = 20),OP ([287.3 ± 5.7] vs [283.5 ± 6.1];P = .045) ([287.3 ± 5.7] vs [281.9 ± 5.4];P = .007) in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) inhibitors group (n = 21) have increased significantly.Compared with controlled blood pressure group (n = 30),OP ([285.7 ± 6.2] vs [282.2 ± 5.2];P = .012) of uncontrolled group (n = 38) increased significantly.
Conclusion

Decreased OP and OI, increased BNP and BS are early predictors for severe COVID-19 patients with hypertension.For poorly controlled blood pressure,targeting RAS and OP,early use of RAS inhibitors or combination with loop diuretics may be an effective treatment.
Vascular endothelial growth factor +936C/T and -634G/C polymorphisms exhibited significantly different allelic distributions and no associations with the risk of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension or gestational diabetes mellitus in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China
Authors: Chen Hongyan , Xue Shuyuan , Ding Guifeng , Chen Chao , Ma JiaYu , Zhang Xinwen , Hua Yan
Published: June 2020

Background:

The relationships between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) + 936C/T and − 634C/G gene polymorphisms and certain diseases have been widely reported. According to reported data, there may be geographical and/or ethnic differences in VEGF + 936C/T and − 634C/G allele frequencies. Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic region in China in which the distributions of the + 936C/T and − 634C/G allele frequencies in various ethnic groups and their correlations with common complications during pregnancy (preeclampsia (PE), gestational hypertension (GH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)) have not been studied.
Methods:

A total of 2161 women (1551 controls with normal pregnancy, 232 patients with PE, 59 patients with GH and 319 patients with GDM) were recruited for this study. Sanger sequencing was used to screen VEGF + 936C/T and − 634C/G genotypes. The Pearson chi-square test was used to test the associations between diseases and + 936C/T and − 634C/G polymorphisms.
Results:

We investigated the distributions of VEGF + 936C/T and − 634G/C allele frequencies in healthy pregnant women in different regions of the world and found significant differences. Our data showed that the distributions of + 936C/T and − 634G/C allele frequencies between healthy Han and Uygur women in the Xinjiang area were significantly different. We found that VEGF + 936C/T and − 634G/C gene polymorphisms were not correlated with mild PE (mPE), severe PE (sPE), GH or GDM. Ethnic subgroup analysis revealed that the + 936C/T and − 634G/C gene polymorphisms in the Han, Uygur and Hui populations were also not related to PE, GH or GDM.
Conclusions:

The results showed that VEGF + 936C/T and − 634G/C gene polymorphisms had significant regional and ethnic distribution differences. In Xinjiang, VEGF + 936C/T and − 634G/C gene polymorphisms do not confer susceptibility to PE, GH or GDM.
Is Emergence Time Related to Emergence Agitation in Pediatric Patients?
Authors: pattaravit ngamjit , Karnjanawanichku Orarat , Siripruekpong Sirikarn , Kovitwanawong Nalinee , Reungchira-Urai Rongrong , Leeratiwong Jaranya
Published: June 2020

Background: Emergence agitation is one of the unpleasant symptoms after general anesthesia, especially in pediatric patients. This study was designed to evaluate the correlation between emergence time and emergence agitation. The predictors associated with emergence agitation and behavioral changes in children was also determined as specific outcomes.Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in children undergoing anesthesia between 3 to 12 years. The preoperative unit nurse evaluated the child's baseline behaviors preoperatively. From pre to post anesthesia period, nurse anesthetist recorded anesthetic management data and clinical emergence time. Meanwhile, the investigator team recorded the Processed-EEG emergence time. At the Post-Anesthetic Care Unit (PACU), the well trained PACU nurse evaluated clinical emergence time and emergence symptoms. For the behavioral symptoms, the investigator team evaluated any changes by telephone interview at postoperative days 1, 3, and 7. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Results: Ninety-one pediatric patients were enrolled in the study. Preoperative baseline behaviors were not related to emergence agitation or behavioral changes. There were correlations between clinical emergence time and the incidences of emergence agitation and postoperative separation anxiety. There was no relationship found between processed-EEG emergence time and the incidence of emergence agitation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the significant predictors (ASA physical status, clinical emergence time, and pain) to predict Emergence agitation. (AUC=0.92, sensitivity = 0.89, specificity 0.81). Separation anxiety was significantly higher at postoperative days 1,3 and 7 in the children with emergence agitation (p-values = 0.020, 0.020, and 0.017, respectively).Conclusion: Clinical emergence time significantly related to emergence agitation and postoperative separation anxiety.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03358069. Registered 18 January 2017 - Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0007IOW&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0001FGB&ts=2&cx=-7ofx36
Introduction and geographic disparity of consultation-liaison psychiatry in Japan: Retrospective analysis of data from the Japanese National Inpatient database.
Authors: Shinjo Daisuke , Tachimori Hisateru , Maruyama-Sakurai Keiko , Fujimori Kenji , Inoue Norihiko , Fushimi Kiyohide
Published: June 2020

Background: Consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP)—professional psychiatric care provided to coordinate with surgical or medical treatment of inpatients with psychiatric disorders—was included in universal health coverage in Japan in 2012. Despite evidence of benefits of CLP, basic data and geographic distribution information regarding CLP at the national level remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the clinical features and geographic disparity of CLP provided in Japan.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed anonymized data retrieved from the Japanese administrative inpatient database regarding inpatients who were provided CLP between April 2012 and March 2017. Demographic characteristics were summarized and geographic disparity by prefecture was visualized for fiscal years 2012 and 2016; we also summarized the data with descriptive statistics according to region. Results: Data from a total of 46,171 patients who received 138,866 CLP services were included. Results revealed more patients aged 75–84 years received CLPs than any other age group (29.7%) and the overall male/female ratio was 53:47 in 2016. In 2012 and 2016, 24.2% and 30.7% of CLP patients, respectively, were transferred to other hospitals; 9.7% and 8.8%, respectively, discharged due to the death. CLP services were provided in 14 prefectures in 2012 and 33 by 2016; 14 prefectures had no available CLP services.Conclusions: Our study clarified the characteristics of patients in Japan who received CLPs and the geographic disparity in CLP services. Although five years had passed since CLP was introduced, the results imply wide availability of CLP nationally. The analysis data provided may inform future policies to improve CLP services.
Circular Ribonucleic Acid Expression Profiles Differ Between the Plasma of Participants with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Ning Lili , Yan Yan , Fu Xiying , Cheng Yan , Li Mo , Zhang Xiujuan , Shen Hong , Yang Maoguang , Wang Lijuan , Cai Hanqing
Published: June 2020

Background: To investigate the characteristic expression of circular RNAs (circRNA) in the peripheral blood of individuals with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and healthy individuals(NG) to identify dysregulated circRNAs that could be used to differentiate between LADA and healthy individuals. Results: A total of 992 differentially expressed circRNAs were detected in the Group LA vs Group NG:209 circRNAs were significantly upregulated and 783 circRNAs downregulated.These circRNAs distributed on all chromosomes, including the sex chromosomes, and most of the differentially expressed circRNAs were derived from exons. Two circRNAs were identified as the most distinctive differentially expressed targets, hsa_circ_0097425 and newly-discovered circRNA-hsa_circ_62540520. We used qRT-PCR to verify the differentially expressed circRNAs, both circRNAs were statistically significant (p <0.05). Further studies have found that the two circRNAs may be associated with metabolic syndrome , inflammation and cell cycle.Conclusion: We determined that differentially expressed circRNAs could be used as new biomarkers for distinguishing LADA from healthy individuals. Further investigations may illustrate the partial pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900020644. Registered 11 January 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=30591
Clinicopathological Characteristics of Chinese Patients with Multiple Myeloma with Pleural Effusion: A Large Cohort Study
Authors: Li Qiu-yu , Zhang Tao , Zhang Zhen-hao , Ding Yan-ling , Zhu Hong
Published: June 2020

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy of plasma cell origin. Multiple myeloma with pleural effusion (PE) is not uncommon. The existing literature on MM with PE in China and abroad is limited to case reports. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of MM with PE and the associated prognosis to achieve early recognition and treatment.Method: Patients diagnosed with MM from January 2000 to December 2019 at Peking University Third Hospitals were assessed retrospectively. We summarized and analyzed the clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, diagnosis and prognoses of patients by using clinical data and a literature review.Result: A total of 490 patients with MM were included. 272 patients (55.5%) had PE. Confirmed by pathology, there were 45 myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE) patients and 28 non-MPE patients. The total protein, albumin, calcium and complement C3 levels were lower and the β2-MG levels were higher in the PE group than in the non-PE group (P <0.05). Low total protein and low albumin levels were independent risk factors for PE. The levels of nucleated cells, total protein, LDH, and ADA were higher in the MPE group than the non-MPE group (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in the specific gravity or the levels of protein, glucose and CEA. Multivariate regression analysis suggested that low LDH levels and high levels of nucleated cell counts, total protein and ADA in PE were independent risk factors for MPE.Conclusions: PE is a complication of MM, and it is likely to be malignant. Low serum total protein and albumin levels are independent risk factors for MM with PE. Hypocomplement C3emia (activation of the complement bypass pathway) may affect the formation of PE in patients with MM. High nucleated cell counts, total protein and ADA levels as well as low LDH levels in PE were independent risk factors for MPE.
Dexamethasone promotes IL-4-induced alternative activation at PPARγ point, instead of upstream STAT6 in BV2 microglial cells
Authors: Chen Zongfeng , Zhang Liang , Xue Xin , Liu Peng , Yin Xiang , Xiang Yu , Liu Mingyong , Zhao Jianhua
Published: June 2020

Background

Microglia are innate immune effector cells in the central nervous system and play an extremely important role in the physiological processes of the central nervous system. When microglia are activated, there are two polarization states, M1 and M2 phenotype. Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid widely used in clinical practice, which pharmacological effects are mainly anti-inflammatory, anti-toxic. However, whether Dexamethasone affects polarization state of microglia is unknown. In this study, we investigate the effect of Dexamethasone on IL-4-induced alternative activation in murine BV-2 microglial cells.
Methods

BV-2 cells were incubated with Dexamethasone alone, IL-4 alone, or the combination of Dexamethasone and IL-4. Western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to detect protein levels of alternative activation markers arginase 1 (Arg1), found in inflammatory zone 1 (FIZZ1). Moreover, we investigated the effects of Dexamethasone on IL-4 induced activation of signal transducer and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ).
Results

Dexamethasone promoted IL-4 induced microglia alternative activation by increasing the expression of Arg1 and FIZZ1. Dexamethasone also enhanced the expression of PPARγ. These effects were reversed by RU486 (a Dexamethasone antagonist). Further, the effects of Dexamethasone and IL-4 on Arg1 and FIZZ1 were blocked by the application of GW9662 (a PPARγ antagonist).
Conclusions

Our studies confirm that Dexamethasone promotes IL-4 induced alternative activation via STAT6/PPARγ signaling pathways in microglia. At the same time, it was confirmed that Dexamethasone acts on PPARγ instead of STAT6. These findings support that Dexamethasone has a therapeutic potential for neuroinflammatory diseases via alternative activation.
Quantile regression forests to identify determinants of stroke: implications for neighborhoods with high prevalence
Authors: Hu Liangyuan , Ji Jiayi , Li Yan , Liu Bian
Published: June 2020

Background : Stroke exerts a massive burden on the U.S. health and economy. Place-based evidence is increasingly recognized as a critical part of stroke management but identifying the key determinants of stroke and the underlying effect mechanisms at the neighborhood level is a topic that has been treated sparingly in the literature. We aim to fill in the research gaps. We develop and apply analytical approaches to address two challenges. First, domain expertise on drivers of neighborhood-level stroke outcomes is limited. Second, commonly used linear regression methods may provide incomplete and biased conclusions.Methods: We created a new neighborhood health data set at census tract level by pooling information from multiple sources. We developed and applied a machine learning based quantile regression method to uncover crucial neighborhood characteristics for neighborhood stroke outcomes among vulnerable neighborhoods burdened with high prevalence of stroke. Results: Neighborhoods with a larger share of non-Hispanic blacks, older adults or people with insufficient sleep tended to have a higher prevalence of stroke, whereas neighborhoods with a higher socio-economic status in terms of income and education had a lower prevalence of stroke. The effects of five major determinants varied geographically and were significantly stronger among neighborhoods with high prevalence of stroke. Conclusions: Highly flexible machine learning identifies true drivers of neighborhood cardiovascular health outcomes from wide-ranging information in an agnostic and reproducible way. The identified major determinants and the effect mechanisms can provide important avenues for prioritizing and allocating resources to develop optimal community-level interventions for stroke prevention.