bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Mechanism of Berberine–INF55 (5-Nitro-2-phenylindole) Hybrid Antibacterials
Authors: Dolla Naveen K. , Chen Chao , Larkins-Ford Jonah , Rajamuthiah Rajmohan , Jagadeesan Sakthimala , Conery Annie L. , Ausubel Frederick M. , Mylonakis Eleftherios , Bremner John B. , Lewis Kim , Kelso Michael J.
Published: September 2014

Berberine–INF55 hybrids are a promising class of antibacterials that combine berberine and the NorA multidrug resistance pump inhibitor INF55 (5-nitro-2-phenylindole) together in one molecule via a chemically stable linkage. Previous studies demonstrated the potential of these compounds for countering efflux-mediated antibacterial drug resistance but they didn’t establish whether the compounds function as originally intended, i.e. with the berberine moiety providing antibacterial activity and the attached INF55 component independently blocking multidrug resistance pumps, thereby enhancing the activity of berberine by reducing its efflux. We hypothesised that if the proposed mechanism is correct, then hybrids carrying more potent INF55 pump inhibitor structures should show enhanced antibacterial effects relative to those bearing weaker inhibitors. Two INF55 analogues showing graded reductions in NorA inhibitory activity compared with INF55 were identified and their corresponding berberine–INF55 hybrids carrying equivalent INF55 inhibitor structures synthesised. Multiple assays comparing the antibacterial effects of the hybrids and their corresponding berberine–INF55 analogue combinations showed that the three hybrids all show very similar activities, leading us to conclude that the antibacterial mechanism(s) of berberine–INF55 hybrids is different from berberine–INF55 combinations.
At home in a new range: wild red deer in south-eastern Queensland
Authors: Amos Matt , Baxter Greg , Finch Neal , Murray Peter
Published: September 2014

Context Wild deer are increasing worldwide and, in Australia, prompting land managers to review management strategies. Management activities may be ineffective without a sound understanding of the ecology of the species. No peer-reviewed research has been published for wild red deer in Australia, where they have been introduced. Aims To help land managers gain an understanding of some movement parameters of introduced wild red deer out of their natural range. Methods GPS collars were used to obtain movement rates (m h–1), annual home range using three estimators and seasonal home range using the Local Convex Hull estimator. Key findings Deer at our study site displayed typical crepuscular movements. However, the lack of elevated activity for stags in summer varies greatly to reports from overseas. The annual home range of hinds was much smaller than that of stags. Large differences for seasonal home ranges from the same deer for two winters suggest that seasonal conditions may exert a large influence on the size of home ranges. The home ranges of deer at our study site were comparable with the largest reported in European studies, but the relationship between deer density and home-range area was markedly different. Conclusions It appears that Australian wild red deer behave differently from their European conspecifics for several important movement parameters. Wild stags did not display the high levels of movement activity in summer, like those in Europe, and the home-range areas of our deer were very large for the high densities we encountered compared with overseas reports. Implications Targeted management of hinds may prove beneficial as hinds had a much smaller and continuous home range than stags. If managers want to target stags, there is only a short rut period when they continually associate with hinds and that may be the most efficacious time for control. Additionally, future research may need to explore the link between home range and deer density, and the effect of variation in rainfall on home range and movement of wild red deer which may influence management activities more than do the regular seasonal patterns found in Europe.
Chapter 5. Reconstructing the Niger-Congo Verb Extension Paradigm
Authors: Hyman Larry M.
Published: September 2014

You cannot reconstruct a language phylum unless you have good arguments about which language families it includes. The most striking case is Altaic, where one group of scholars produces thousands of reconstructed forms, and another denies that the major branches are even related. The most extreme case for Niger-Congo is Gerrit Dimmendaal’s 2011 book, which rejects numerous established branches and treats them as “independent”. (Blench 2012: 1)It is generally assumed that Proto-Niger-Congo (PNC) had a well-developed paradigm of verb-to-verb derivational suffixes known as verb extensions (Voeltz 1977; Hyman 2007). Specific language studies identify three types of extensions: valence increasing (e.g. causative, applicative, associative, instrumental), valence decreasing (e.g. reciprocal, reflexive, decausative, passive, stative) and valence neutral (e.g. intensive, attenuative, pluractional). Sometimes also implicated in the suffix system are inflectional suffixes marking aspect (e.g. (im)perfectivity)). Despite the assumption of such verb extensions at the PNC level, languages within the vast Niger-Congo family of ca. 1200 languages differ considerably: Some have very full paradigms of verb extensions, e.g. many Atlantic languages (Becher 2000) in the West and nearly all Bantu in the East (Meeussen 1967). Others have a limited subset of the above, only a few traces, or perhaps no verb extensions at all (e.g. much of Mande). This paper is concerned with strategies for determining whether the various reflexes of the causative, applicative etc are cognate, i.e. inherited from PNC, are copied directly or indirectly through external contact, or result from renewal via morphological cycles (Heath 1998). One problem is that head-marking and such verb extensions are found in all four of Greenberg’s (1963) original African macro-groups (Dimmendaal 2000: 187–188). Starting with Bantu and then moving out to other parts of Niger-Congo and bordering non-Niger-Congo, I address both the substantive and methodological issues involved in comparing phonetically and semantically similar verb suffixes and their linear ordering properties.
Chapter 8. Old Japanese bigrade paradigms and Korean passives and causatives
Authors: Unger J. Marshall
Published: September 2014

There is a consensus that two Old Japanese (OJ, 8th c. ce) verb paradigms, called bigrade, were not present in proto-Japanese (pJ, 1st millennium BCE). There is less agreement on how the bigrades originated and how many unitary pJ vowels their reconstruction requires. I argue here that bigrade verbs began as a proto-Korean-Japanese (pKJ) passive or inchoative formation, and that six unitary pJ vowels (allowing intrasyllabic glides) suffice to capture the observed alternations of bigrade and all other verb stems. An alleged seventh pJ vowel, *ɨ, is not needed, though it may have been present in proto-Korean-Japanese. The pKJ reconstructed passive may have been an innovation that distinguished it from other Macro-Tungusic branches.
Chapter 12. Innovations and archaisms in Siberian Turkic spatial case paradigms
Authors: Nevskaya Irina
Published: September 2014

Case systems in Siberian Turkic are an excellent example for studying paradigm change between continuity and innovation. In spite of all shared and individual innovations and developments, the core of the Proto-Turkic case paradigm remains stable here. Most innovations in Turkic case paradigms of individual languages depend on the existence of the paradigms and can be seen as attempts to restore their stability and functionality. In this article, we present several case studies on innovations and archaisms in Siberian Turkic case paradigms, in particular those of Yakut, Khakas, Shor, Altay, Tofa and Tuvan, concentrating on spatial case forms in these languages: in their inventories of case forms, and in their functions. Based on contemporary and historical data of these languages, as well as on Old Turkic material, we try to trace the sources of genuine innovations and of those that are, in fact, archaic features preserved here. In order to diagnose copied patterns we consider data from neighboring languages.
Reid on the first principles of morals
Authors: Cuneo Terence
Published: September 2014

What role do the first principles of morals play in Reid's moral theory? Reid has an official line regarding their role, which identifies these principles as foundational propositions that evidentially ground other moral propositions. I claim that, by Reid's own lights, this line of thought is mistaken. There is, however, another line of thought in Reid, one which identifies the first principles of morals as constitutive of moral thought. I explore this interpretation, arguing that it is a fruitful way of understanding much of what Reid wants to say about the role of moral first principles and drawing some connections between it and recent work on moral nonnaturalism.
Reid on the priority of natural language
Authors: Turri John
Published: September 2014

Thomas Reid distinguished between natural and artificial language and argued that natural language has a very specific sort of priority over artificial language. This paper critically interprets Reid's discussion, extracts a Reidian explanatory argument for the priority of natural language, and places Reid's thought in the broad tradition of Cartesian linguistics.
The Argentine wine industry: creating new spaces for coordination?
Authors: Liberman Giselle Lara
Published: September 2014

This article compares and examines the institutional arrangements in the wine industry of three Argentine provinces and at the national level. It finds that the Triple Helix approach of university (research)–industry–government interaction is useful for understanding the institutional foundation for innovation, knowledge diffusion and economic success; however, it struggles to explain how different actors make sense of coordination and how the latter is achieved. The article demonstrates that the different institutional arrangements behind each region lead to different mechanisms for achieving coordination and the influence this has on the development and success of the industry.
US wine industry: following the Oregon trail
Authors: Hira Andy , Gabreldar Husam
Published: September 2014

The US wine industry is frequently thought to be California – an undoubted success story. However, three other regions – New York, Washington State and Oregon – have wine industries facing mixed fortunes. This paper reviews the progress of each, demonstrating how the triple helix model identifies key relationship advantages and problems that explain performance rather better than natural advantages or market conditions. The paper reviews the mixed fortunes of these regions in the US with winemaking in other parts of the world, suggesting that institutions, rather than any other factor, explain differences in performance.
The Book of Margery Kempeand the Rhetorical Chorus: An Alternative Method for Recovering Women ’s Contributions to the History of Rhetoric
Authors: Smith Julia Marie
Published: September 2014

This article defends the “rhetorical chorus” as a useful method for recovering women’s voices in the history of rhetoric. As distinct from the more amorphous term “collaboration,” which designates any act of cooperation in the production of rhetorical texts, the “chorus” offers a more nuanced way to identify and map the recording, preservation, appropriation, and alteration of works originally dictated by women rhetors. Using The Book of Margery Kempe as an example, the study traces both homophonic and polyphonic relationships between the lead voice of Margery and the voices of her scribes and annotators.
Experiments, Simulations, and Epistemic Privilege
Authors: Parke Emily C.
Published: September 2014

Experiments are commonly thought to have epistemic privilege over simulations. Two ideas underpin this belief: first, experiments generate greater inferential power than simulations, and second, simulations cannot surprise us the way experiments can. In this article I argue that neither of these claims is true of experiments versus simulations in general. We should give up the common practice of resting in-principle judgments about the epistemic value of cases of scientific inquiry on whether we classify those cases as experiments or simulations, per se. To the extent that either methodology puts researchers in a privileged epistemic position, this is context sensitive.
An Essay in Honor of Adolf Grünbaum’s Ninetieth Birthday: A Reexamination of Zeno’s Paradox of Extension
Authors: Ehrlich Philip
Published: September 2014

We suggest that, far from establishing an inconsistency in the standard theory of the geometrical linear continuum, Zeno’s Paradox of Extension merely establishes an inconsistency between the standard theory of geometrical magnitude and a misguided system of length measurement. We further suggest that our resolution of Zeno’s paradox is superior to Adolf Grünbaum’s now standard resolution based on Lebesgue measure theory.
Preserving the integrity of the scientific record: data citation and linking
Authors: CALLAGHAN Sarah
Published: September 2014

The production of research data is increasing rapidly, meaning that it is now rarely possible to publish the data that underpins a piece of research within the article describing that research. Yet, if the conclusions drawn from the research are to stand up to scrutiny, then the data must be made available, and a permanent link made between the data and the publication. Data citation is promoted as an easily understood way of making this link, while at the same time providing the dataset creators with the attribution and credit they deserve for making their data available for verification checks and reproducibility tests. This paper discusses data citation principles and gives examples of data citation and other forms of data‐publication linking in practice.
Altmetrics as a means of assessing scholarly output
Authors: KHODIYAR Varsha K. , ROWLETT Karen A. , LAWRENCE Rebecca N.
Published: September 2014

Career progression for scientists involves an assessment of their contribution to their field and a prediction of their future potential. Traditional measures, such as the impact factor of the journal that a researcher publishes in, may not be an appropriate or accurate means of assessing the overall output of an individual. The development of altmetrics offers the potential for fuller assessments of a researcher's output based on both their traditional and non‐traditional scholarly outputs. New tools should make it easier to include non‐traditional outputs such as data, software and contributions to peer review in the evaluation of early‐ and mid‐career researchers.
Mandating data archiving: experiences from the frontline
Authors: NORMAN Hazel
Published: September 2014

There is a strong drive for greater openness in scientific publishing. The British Ecological Society (BES) introduced a mandatory data archiving policy for its journals at the beginning of 2014 to increase accessibility and improve preservation. This article presents some preliminary results on the impact of that policy. Submissions to BES journals have risen 6.7% since the introduction of the policy and early indications are that Dryad is the most popular repository. The reaction of the ecological community to mandatory archiving is also discussed.
TOR complex 2–Ypk1 signaling regulates actin polarization via reactive oxygen species
Authors: Niles Brad J. , Powers Ted
Published: September 2014

The evolutionarily conserved mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling pathway is an important regulator of actin cytoskeletal architecture and, as such, is a candidate target for preventing cancer cell motility and invasion. Remarkably, the precise mechanism(s) by which mTORC2 regulates the actin cytoskeleton have remained elusive. Here we show that in budding yeast, TORC2 and its downstream kinase Ypk1 regulate actin polarization by controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Specifically, we find that TORC2-Ypk1 regulates actin polarization both by vacuole-related ROS, controlled by the phospholipid flippase kinase Fpk1 and sphingolipids, and by mitochondria-mediated ROS, controlled by the PKA subunit Tpk3. In addition, we find that the protein kinase C (Pkc1)/MAPK cascade, a well-established regulator of actin, acts downstream of Ypk1 to regulate ROS, in part by promoting degradation of the oxidative stress responsive repressor, cyclin C. Furthermore, we show that Ypk1 regulates Pkc1 activity through proper localization of Rom2 at the plasma membrane, which is also dependent on Fpk1 and sphingolipids. Together these findings demonstrate important links between TORC2/Ypk1 signaling, Fpk1, sphingolipids, Pkc1, and ROS as regulators of actin and suggest that ROS may play an important role in mTORC2-dependent dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton in cancer cells.
csi2p modulates microtubule dynamics and organizes the bipolar spindle for chromosome segregation
Authors: Costa Judite , Fu Chuanhai , Khare V. Mohini , Tran Phong T.
Published: September 2014

Proper chromosome segregation is of paramount importance for proper genetic inheritance. Defects in chromosome segregation can lead to aneuploidy, which is a hallmark of cancer cells. Eukaryotic chromosome segregation is accomplished by the bipolar spindle. Additional mechanisms, such as the spindle assembly checkpoint and centromere positioning, further help to ensure complete segregation fidelity. Here we present the fission yeast csi2+. csi2p localizes to the spindle poles, where it regulates mitotic microtubule dynamics, bipolar spindle formation, and subsequent chromosome segregation. csi2 deletion (csi2Δ) results in abnormally long mitotic microtubules, high rate of transient monopolar spindles, and subsequent high rate of chromosome segregation defects. Because csi2Δ has multiple phenotypes, it enables estimates of the relative contribution of the different mechanisms to the overall chromosome segregation process. Centromere positioning, microtubule dynamics, and bipolar spindle formation can all contribute to chromosome segregation. However, the major determinant of chromosome segregation defects in fission yeast may be microtubule dynamic defects.
Oral surgery
Authors: Mitchell David A. , Mitchell Laura , McCaul Lorna
Published: September 2014

Contents. Principles of surgery of the mouth. Asepsis and antisepsis. Forceps, elevators, and other instruments. The extraction of teeth. Complications of extracting teeth. Post-operative bleeding. Suturing. Dento-alveolar surgery: bisphosphonates. Dento-alveolar surgery: removal of roots. Dento-alveolar surgery: removal of unerupted teeth. Dento-alveolar surgery: removal of third molars. Dento-alveolar surgery: coronectomy. Dento-alveolar surgery: third-molar technique. Dento-alveolar surgery: apicectomy. Dento-alveolar surgery: other aids to endodontics. Dento-alveolar surgery: helping the orthodontist. Dento-facial infections. Biopsy. Cryosurgery. Non-tumour soft-tissue lumps in the mouth. Non-tumour hard-tissue lumps. Cysts of the jaws. Benign tumours of the mouth. The maxillary antrum. Minor preprosthetic surgery. Implantology. Lasers. Minimally invasive surgery.
Medicine relevant to dentistry
Authors: Mitchell David A. , Mitchell Laura , McCaul Lorna
Published: September 2014

Contents. Anaemia. Haematological malignancy. Other haematological disorders. Cardiovascular disease. Respiratory disease. Gastrointestinal disease. Hepatic disease. Renal disorders. Endocrine disease. Endocrine-related problems. Bone disease. Diseases of connective tissue, muscle, and joints. Neurological disorders. More neurological disorders. Skin neoplasms. Dermatology. Psychiatry. The immunocompromised patient. Useful emergency kit. Fainting. Acute chest pain. Cardiorespiratory arrest. Anaphylactic shock and other drug reactions. Collapse in a patient with a history of corticosteroid use. Fits. Hypoglycaemia. Acute asthma. Inhaled foreign bodies. If in doubt. Management of the dental in-patient. Venepuncture and arterial puncture. Intravenous fluids. Blood transfusion. Catheterization. Enteral and parenteral feeding. Pain control. Prophylaxis. Management of the diabetic patient undergoing surgery. Management of patients requiring steroid supplementation. Common post-operative problems.
Defluviimonas aquaemixtae sp. nov., isolated from the junction between a freshwater spring and the ocean
Authors: Jung Yong-Taek , Park Sooyeon , Lee Jung-Sook , Yoon Jung-Hoon
Published: September 2014

A Gram-stain-negative, coccoid- or short-rod-shaped and non-gliding bacterial strain, designated CDM-7T, was isolated from the zone where the ocean meets a freshwater spring at Jeju island, South Korea, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain CDM-7T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CDM-7T falls within the clade comprising species of the genus

Defluviimonas,
clustering with the type strain of

Defluviimonas aestuarii

, with which it exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (98.4 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain CDM-7T and the type strains of

Defluviimonas denitrificans

and

Defluviimonas indica

were 97.1 and 96.2 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was 66.8 mol% and the mean DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain CDM-7T and the type strains of

D. aestuarii

and

D. denitrificans

were 15.6±2.5 and 6.7±3.2 %, respectively. Strain CDM-7T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain CDM-7T is distinguishable from other species of the genus

Defluviimonas

. On the basis of the data presented, strain CDM-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus

Defluviimonas

, for which the name Defluviimonas
aquaemixtae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CDM-7T ( = KCTC 42108T = CECT 8626T).
Appropriating the abject: an anthropophagic approach to organizational diversity
Authors: Islam Gazi
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the monstrous in organizational diversity by introducing the concept of cultural anthropophagy to the diversity literature. Using Kristeva's notion of abjection to better understand cultural anthropophagy, the paper argues that cultural anthropophages cross boundaries, and build identity through desire for and aggression toward valued others.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper uses a conceptual discussion of abjection, along with a historical survey of anthropophagic approaches from Brazilian art and cultural studies.

Findings

– Anthropophagic approaches highlight unique features of organizational identity, framing identity formation as a fluid process of expulsion and re-integration of the other. While abjection approaches focus on the exclusion of material aspects of the self and the formation of self-other boundaries, anthropophagy focusses on the re-integration of the other into the self, in a symbolic gesture of re-integration, desire, and reverence for the other.

Originality/value

– The idea of anthropophagy is a recent entrant into the organizational literature, and the close relation between anthropophagy and abjection is illuminated in the current paper. Original insights regarding the search for positive identity, the ambivalence of self and other, and the relation of the particular and the universal, are offered with regards to the diversity literature.
On the naming of monsters
Authors: Bloomfield Brian P. , Vurdubakis Theo
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The pupose of this paper is twofold. First, to consider the cultural reception of recent developments in genetic technology and human reproduction, particularly in relation to the prospect of human cloning and the advent of the “designer human”; and second, to explore the ways in which public discussion of these developments presuppose and recast issues of diversity, difference and (in)equality.

Design/methodology/approach

– The research draws upon UK print media sources (broadsheet and tabloid newspapers) over the past two decades to examine the ways in which cultural expectations concerning developments in reproductive technology are commonly expressed. It does not aim at a quantitative examination of the content of what was said; rather it seeks to explore how it was said and thus the discursive resources that were employed in doing so.

Findings

– The paper suggests that images of “technology” function simultaneously as “mirrors of society”, providing a means for articulating and rhetorically rehearsing the various philosophical antinomies and moral conflicts that characterize social organization.

Originality/value

– The paper adopts a novel approach to the question of diversity, difference and (in)equality by considering the “monsters” discursively associated with recent developments in genetic and reproductive technology as well as the “monstrous” forms of social organization that they foreshadow.
Towards a universal model of internet banking adoption: initial conceptualization
Authors: Suzanne Harrison Tina , Peter Onyia Okey , K. Tagg Stephen
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to propose that customer readiness and web-channel readiness for internet banking (IB) adoption are the twin universal determinants of retail customers’ attitudes and intention towards IB-adoption. The paper delineates IB-readiness as the state of preparedness, ability, and willingness to engage in IB, and the authors argue that both the potential banking customer and the financial institution's web-channel must be equally ready before IB-adoption can occur. This paper presents the results of the initial test of the IB-readiness model with a sample of retail banking customers in Scotland.

Design/methodology/approach

– Nine customer-related and ten channel-related predictor-variables isolated from existing literature were tested for their effects on attitude and intention towards IB-adoption. Seven demographic mediators were also tested for their impacts on the effects of the predictor-variables on attitude and intention. A sample of 1,000 customers was surveyed. Multiple regression and logistic regression analyses were used to test the influence of the predictors and mediators.

Findings

– Of the seven mediators, only three were significant. Also, only eight of the original 19 predictor-variables were significant, with the impact of mediation, in determining customer attitude and intention towards IB-adoption.

Practical implications

– The results present some consumer behaviour and marketing communications implications for bank marketing. To convince potential customers to adopt and continue using IB, bank marketers must ensure that the eight predictors validated in this study are facilitated and sustained.

Originality/value

– A valuable contribution of the paper to the global IB-adoption theory is an equal evaluation model of potential universal antecedents of IB-adoption – the “EQUAEVAL” – which can be further-tested in future cross-national research.
Effects of public employment services on labor transitions: an analysis for the Spanish case
Authors: Suárez Patricia , Cueto Begoña , Mayor Matías
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of public employment services (PES) on transitions from unemployment.

Design/methodology/approach

– The likelihood of exit from unemployment is explained by a multinomial logit model which takes into account the target state of the transition (unemployment, employment or inactivity). In order to analyze the unobserved heterogeneity, the model has been estimated using a Generalized Linear Latent and Mixed Models.

Findings

– The analysis suggests that the contribution of PES to improving labor market outcomes is low in the case of transitions to employment. Nevertheless, PES play an important role in workforce dropout prevention.

Practical implications

– The results suggest that redesign and modernization are needed to improve PES performance. More intensive job counselling should be provided so that PES get beyond workforce dropout prevention and start having clear positive effects on placement. Target groups should be defined more clearly so as to ensure sustainable transitions for individuals at risk of exclusion. PES should focus on the most disadvantaged jobseekers and those who need more help to get jobs.

Originality/value

– First, the results highlight the role PES play in reducing inactivity rates. Second, this is the first study in Spain that uses Labor Force Survey (LFS) data to evaluate PES in a dynamic framework. The LFS is the only data source which allows us to relate people registered unemployed to people considered unemployed by international standards.
Instead of bowling alone? Unretirement of pensioners in Sweden
Authors: Pettersson Jan
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to study the re-entry to the workforce of fully retired persons (unretirement) and whether the decision to resume work depends primarily on social or economic reasons.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using Swedish register data for already retired individuals older than 55, the incidence of unretirement is studied. Determinant factors behind the decision to re-enter the labor force is analyzed in a binary response logit model.

Findings

– Unretirement varies between 6 and 14 percent under two different definitions. We find support for higher pension income to decrease the probability to unretire. Other determinants, such as marital status, largely support an interpretation that unretirement is a life-style decision rather than a response to an experienced negative economic situation post retirement.

Research limitations/implications

– Due to data limitations, the focus in this study is on the extensive margin (the event of returning to the labor force) and not on hours of work post re-entry.

Social implications

– If older persons that are physically able to work also want to work and succeed in finding work when they demand so, unretirement is welfare enhancing. However, if unretirement is an effect of unexpected realizations post retirement, any increase in the number of persons facing such unexpected shocks implies an increase in the uncertainty of life as retired.

Originality/value

– Research on unretirement is scarce and has previously been performed exclusively on US survey data. Knowing the determinants of unretirement is important to know if and how incentives to unretire should be designed.
The role of TQM in strategic product innovation: an empirical assessment
Authors: Miranda Silva Graça , J. Gomes Paulo , Filipe Lages Luís , Lopes Pereira Zulema
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of total quality management (TQM) resources on strategic product innovation. It addresses the apparent tension between quality management and innovation management and seeks empirical support for the proposition that quality management resources can be used to support strategic innovation. Based on resource-based view, it defines key resources that firms develop during implementation of TQM systems: TQM culture, product design capability, and process improvement capability – and assesses the role of these resources in the success of product innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

– A survey of 112 manufacturing firms was conducted and the resulting data were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) to determine how TQM constructs affect strategic product innovation.

Findings

– The main finding suggests that only product design capability contributes to strategic product innovation. TQM culture has a direct influence on process improvement and product design capabilities but not on product innovation. The effect of innovation capability and innovation orientation on product innovation was only supported for innovation capability. The effect of innovation orientation is mediated by the development of innovation capability.

Research limitations/implications

– The paper focusses on the level of maturity of capability development without taking into consideration the time since adoption. Also, the measure of product innovation is based on the degree of product newness but does not dichotomize in terms of radical vs incremental. Several arguments supporting a negative relationship between TQM and innovation often refer to radical or breakthrough innovation. It would be interesting to test the model while distinguishing between radical and incremental innovation. The use of cross-sectional data is a methodological limitation.

Practical implications

– The results suggest that managers can leverage their quality management systems to support product innovation. In particular, the ability to design quality into products leads to higher levels of strategic production innovation. The successful deployment of TQM capabilities requires an integrative and well-structured approach, involving top leadership engagement of employees and customer orientation. While TQM culture is critical to the development of quality management capabilities, it does not directly affect the innovativeness of a firm.

Originality/value

– The paper explores the relationship between quality management systems and strategic product innovation. Further work is needed to test whether TQM effect on strategic innovation is different for radical and incremental products, and for other innovation outcomes such as process and service innovation.
How and why managers use conceptual devices in business-to-business research
Authors: Åge Lars-Johan
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– This study aims to analyze how and why managers adopt and use business-to-business (B2B) research.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data were collected through participant observations, focus groups and interviews in three organizations that had used a certain conceptual model from B2B research.

Findings

– The study suggests that managers use B2B research in an action-oriented, flexible and dynamic manner. Such conceptual or translational use is characterized by managers’ creative translation of the research to match the problems they are facing at that particular time.

Research limitations/implications

– This study suggests that researchers and managers are on equal footing, and can contribute to one another in an active and creative way.

Practical implications

– Through translating research into their specific context, managers can find a new spectrum of research usage in their organization, but can also contribute to research in an interactive and creative way.

Originality/value

– This study gives empirical examples for how and why a certain piece of B2B research has been used by managers in three organizations. Moreover, this study contributes to existing models relating to marketing use by giving examples of the active translation process in which managers adopt the research to their specific challenges.
Think outside the box: managerial relevance and theoretical developments within B2B marketing
Authors: Anna Cederlund Cecilia
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– This article aims to identify methodological openings and barriers for using managerial relevance as a method to further business to business (B2B) marketing theory.

Design/methodology/approach

– There is currently an imbalance between two research modes; notably, the normative knowledge accumulation mode confers scant space to the solution mode. This negatively affects both the production of managerially relevant research and theoretical developments within B2B marketing which, in turn, hinders the development of marketing as an applied science. Against the background of an upgraded methodological cartography, emphasizing the equal importance of the two research modes, this article illustrates the context of using managerial relevance as a method to forward B2B marketing theory. An aggregate picture of corresponding calls in the literature shows why this is important.

Findings

– Calls for increased managerial relevance and methodological diversity outside the normative knowledge accumulation mode will face difficulties in terms of changing researcher behavior, as long as the biased relationship between the two research modes persists. For managerially relevant research to increase, and for B2B marketing science to progress, underlying assumptions of different methodological stances have to be uncovered, calling for increased methodological clarity.

Research implications

– To prevent a relapse, the analysis suggests a further strategy by which to modify schematic models to study organizational change and behavior.

Practical implications

– A more significant role attributed to managerial relevance for theory development early in the research process, permits to align the perspectives of research with the needs of practice and will decrease the research–practice gap.

Originality/value

– The article pinpoints two research modes and three epistemological stances – predict, describe and depict – which sharpens methodological clarity beyond traditional qualitative–quantitative, and conceptual–empirical classifications.
Athletes’ experiences, enjoyment, satisfaction, and memories from the Extreme Sport Week in Voss, Norway
Authors: J. Mykletun Reidar , Rumba Maira
Published: September 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how experiences, sport careers and biographic variables predict: enjoyment, satisfaction and memories from the unique and spectacular Extreme Sport Week (Ekstremsportveko), Voss, Norway, as reported by the extreme sport athletes.

Design/methodology/approach

– An electronic questionnaire was distributed to all participants during 2011, and collected responses from 292 athletes (27 per cent response rate). Data were analysed by frequencies, mean values, correlations and multiple regression.

Findings

– Extreme sport athletes were typically amateurs with serious leisure careers. Social ties between participants and volunteers were found. They had positive experiences at the event, and the realms of education, aesthetics and entertainment were the strongest predictors of enjoyment, satisfaction and memories. Level of excitement augmented the explained variance, especially when predicting memories. Most participants intended to re-visit future Extreme Sport Weeks.

Research limitations/implications

– The moderate response rate warrants generalisations from the study. As the study is cross-sectional, cause-effect relationships cannot be established.

Practical implications

– For event organisers, the study shows the athletes’ appreciations with its managerial implications.

Social implications

– The Voss area is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and extreme sport resources, and re-visits are likely to occur, hence contributing to its growth as extreme sport venue and to sport tourism.

Originality/value

– This study is the first to explore the experiences of athletes who participated in the unique and spectacular event Extreme Sport Week. For researchers and practitioners, it is an example of how to measure experiences and their outcomes of (extreme sport) events.
Retardation of Listeria Monocytogenes Growth in Mozzarella Cheese Using Antimicrobial Sachets Containing Rosemary Oil and Thyme Oil
Authors: Han Jung H. , Patel Dhaval , Kim Jung Eun , Min Sea C.
Published: September 2014

An antimicrobial sachet containing microcellular foam starch (MFS) with embedded rosemary oil and thyme oil was developed to reduce bacterial growth in shredded mozzarella cheese. The efficacy of the volatiles of oils at various concentrations in reducing Listeria monocytogenes as well as the release of the oils from the MFS have been also determined in this study. The cheese, inoculated with a cocktail of 5 strains of L. monocytogenes (approximately 3 log CFU/g), was packaged in a Nylon/EVOH/PE bag. A paper sachet containing MFS embedded with rosemary oil and thyme oil, separately or together, was inserted into the bag. Rosemary and thyme oil volatiles released from the sachet restricted the growth of L. monocytogenes, resulting in a 2.5 log CFU/g reduction on day 9 at 10 °C. The volatile oils also showed inhibitory effects on the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and total aerobic bacteria (TAB). After 15 d at 10 °C, the numbers of LAB and TAB in the samples containing the sachet with both oils experienced a 1.2 and 1.4 log CFU/g reduction, respectively, compared to untreated samples. Nonetheless, the sachet treatment produced a distinct odor, unfavorably received by the panelists. The results suggest the potential for application of the sachet system for the reduction of growth of L. monocytogenes, LAB, and TAB in food products.
Dietary restriction involves NAD+‐dependent mechanisms and a shift toward oxidative metabolism
Authors: Moroz Natalie , Carmona Juan J. , Anderson Edward , Hart Anne C. , Sinclair David A. , Blackwell T. Keith
Published: September 2014

Interventions that slow aging and prevent chronic disease may come from an understanding of how dietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan. Mechanisms proposed to mediate DR longevity include reduced mTOR signaling, activation of the NAD+‐dependent deacylases known as sirtuins, and increases in NAD+ that derive from higher levels of respiration. Here, we explored these hypotheses in Caenorhabditis elegans using a new liquid feeding protocol. DR lifespan extension depended upon a group of regulators that are involved in stress responses and mTOR signaling, and have been implicated in DR by some other regimens [DAF‐16 (FOXO), SKN‐1 (Nrf1/2/3), PHA‐4 (FOXA), AAK‐2 (AMPK)]. Complete DR lifespan extension required the sirtuin SIR‐2.1 (SIRT1), the involvement of which in DR has been debated. The nicotinamidase PNC‐1, a key NAD+ salvage pathway component, was largely required for DR to increase lifespan but not two healthspan indicators: movement and stress resistance. Independently of pnc‐1, DR increased the proportion of respiration that is coupled to ATP production but, surprisingly, reduced overall oxygen consumption. We conclude that stress response and NAD+‐dependent mechanisms are each critical for DR lifespan extension, although some healthspan benefits do not require NAD+ salvage. Under DR conditions, NAD+‐dependent processes may be supported by a DR‐induced shift toward oxidative metabolism rather than an increase in total respiration.
Increased Lipocalin‐2 in the retinal pigment epithelium of Cryba1 cKO mice is associated with a chronic inflammatory response
Authors: Valapala Mallika , Edwards Malia , Hose Stacey , Grebe Rhonda , Bhutto Imran A. , Cano Marisol , Berger Thorsten , Mak Tak W. , Wawrousek Eric , Handa James T. , Lutty Gerard A. , Samuel Zigler J. , Sinha Debasish
Published: September 2014

Although chronic inflammation is believed to contribute to the pathology of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), knowledge regarding the events that elicit the change from para‐inflammation to chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of AMD is lacking. We propose here that lipocalin‐2 (LCN2), a mammalian innate immunity protein that is trafficked to the lysosomes, may contribute to this process. It accumulates significantly with age in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of Cryba1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice, but not in control mice. We have recently shown that these mice, which lack βA3/A1‐crystallin specifically in RPE, have defective lysosomal clearance. The age‐related increase in LCN2 in the cKO mice is accompanied by increases in chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), reactive gliosis, and immune cell infiltration. LCN2 may contribute to induction of a chronic inflammatory response in this mouse model with AMD‐like pathology.
Ecosystem assessment of mountain ash forest in the Central Highlands of Victoria, south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Burns Emma L. , Lindenmayer David B. , Stein John , Blanchard Wade , McBurney Lachlan , Blair David , Banks Sam C.
Published: September 2014

We applied an ecosystem risk assessment to the mountain ash forest ecosystem of the Central Highlands of Victoria (hereafter ‘mountain ash forest’), south‐eastern Australia, using the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems criteria. Using this methodology, we quantified: (i) key aspects of the ecosystem's historical, current and future decline in spatial distribution; (ii) the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy for the mountain ash ecosystem; and (iii) the decline in key abiotic and biotic processes and features for historical, current and future time periods. We developed a probabilistic model of tree growth stages to estimate the risk of ecosystem collapse within 50 to 100 years in the mountain ash forest. There was uncertainty in our estimates of risk under the various IUCN criteria, with two sub‐criteria being categorized as ‘Data Deficient’. Our overall ranking of risk of collapse for the ecosystem was Critically Endangered. We are confident that this risk category is appropriate because all 39 scenarios modelled indicated a ≥92% chance of ecosystem collapse by 2067. Our findings highlight the important need for timely policy reform to facilitate improved management of the mountain ash ecosystem in Victoria. In particular, there needs to be greater protection of remaining areas of unburned forest, and restoration activities in parts of the forest estate. Implementation of these strategies will require a significant reduction in logging pressure on the mountain ash ecosystem.
Identity and collective action among European Kurds
Authors: Ufkes Elze G. , Dovidio John F. , Tel Gulizar
Published: September 2014

This research investigated the role of group‐based anger and efficacy in explaining the effects of subgroup (ethnic) and common (European) identity on collective action among Kurds in Europe responding to different types of disadvantage. Whereas stronger Kurdish identity positively predicted intentions for collective action (mediated by anger and efficacy), stronger common ingroup identity was negatively related to collective action intentions. This effect occurred primarily when structural disadvantage was salient, not when attention was drawn to a specific incident of disadvantage, and was mediated by anger but not efficacy. The findings complement recent work demonstrating that intergroup harmony can undermine social change, suggesting that stronger common‐group identification reduces collective action by reducing minority‐group members' sensitivity to potential bias against them.
Hydrogen‐Bonded His93 As a Sensitive Probe for Identifying Inhibitors of the Endocannabinoid Transport Protein FABP7
Authors: Tyukhtenko Sergiy , Chan Karrie , Jiang Rubin , Zhou Han , Mercier Richard W. , Yang De‐Ping , Makriyannis Alexandros , Guo Jason J.
Published: September 2014

The human brain FABP (FABP7) has been shown to be an intracellular carrier protein that can significantly potentiate the uptake of the endocannabinoid anandamide. For this reason, there is a great interest in the discovery and development of FABP7 inhibitors for treating stress, pain, inflammation, and drug abuse. We found that in the 1H‐NMR spectrum of the protein, a well‐separated downfield resonance arising from the hydrogen‐bonded His93 side chain is very sensitive to ligand binding. Using this characteristic spectral marker together with another well‐resolved upfield resonance from the side chain of Val84, we have identified that an adipocyte FABP (FABP4) inhibitor BMS309403 also binds tightly to FABP7. Our data demonstrated that this unique His93 downfield resonance can be used as a sensitive probe for rapidly and unambiguously identifying novel high‐affinity FABP7 ligands. The findings should help accelerate the discovery of potential drug leads for the modulation of endocannabinoid transport.