bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methylene Blue: a Potential Novel Treatment in Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Ratri Lintang Cahyaning , Nugrahani Annisa Salsabilla Dwi , Prabowo Gwenny Ichsan , Prajitno Jongky Hendro
Published: January 2023

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that can lead to serious consequences that impair one's quality of life, if not adequately controlled. One of the undesirable complications is diabetic foot ulcer. It is estimated globally that every 30 seconds a leg is amputated due to diabetic foot, and thus can lower the quality of life. Recent studies have used a low-cost dye known as methylene blue as an anti-microorganism agent, and this sparks the idea of exploring more of its possible benefits. This literature review aimed to outline the beneficial roles of methylene blue in diabetic foot ulcer treatment. According to the findings, it is said that methylene blue may play a role as an anti-microorganism agent through its contribution in wound healing and invasive surgical prevention such as limb amputation. All the pooled articles showed a promising outcome of MB from the reduction of wound size in a shorter healing period with none adverse effects reported. Hence, methylene blue may have a promising role to be an effective agent in treating diabetic foot ulcer.
Analysis of Urinary Endothelin-I Levels in Obese Late Adolescents
Authors: Utami Dian Fahmi , Idris Irfan , Arsyad Arsyadi , Yustisia Ika , Aryandi A. , Cangara Husni
Published: January 2023

Obesity is a health problem that often occurs in late adolescents and early adults. Endothelial damage that occurs in obese people can cause increased production of endothelin-1. This study compares urinary endothelin-1 levels in the obese and normal groups. It used analytical research methods with a quantitative approach to collect and measure data in numbers. The study design was cross-sectional by comparing endothelin-1 levels in normal and obese adolescent groups. This research was conducted in Makassar City from April to June 2022. The study population was obese and non-obese people in their late teens and early adulthood. The sample collection technique used in this study is a purposive sampling technique, which is a non-random sampling technique. The number of samples in the study for the Obese group was 26, while in the Normal group was 26. The analysis used the Independent Sample T Test statistical test. The results showed that the average urinary endothelin I level in the obese group was 40,930 ng/l, and in the normal group, 55,547 ng/l. Which shows a significant difference in average endothelin I levels (p<0.05) between the obese and normal groups.
The Kids Are Not Alright - Intergenerational Transmission of Psychopathology and Relationships across Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Authors:   , Schulz Susanne
Published: January 2023

Is it true that children turn into their parents? Adolescents often show characteristics and behaviors that resemble those of their parents. Particularly psychopathological symptoms and relationship behaviors are often observed to inadvertently continue from one generation to the next. But how are symptoms and behaviors between parents and adolescents transmitted during adolescence? And how can we explain possible intergenerational transmission – or non-transmission? The present dissertation sought to answer these questions. Using four longitudinal, multimethod studies, it provides insights into the intergenerational transmission of psychopathological symptoms and relationship quality across adolescence and young adulthood. The three overarching aims were: 1) to investigate how psychopathological symptoms and relationship behaviors are transmitted across adolescence and young adulthood, 2) to shed light on the direction of transmission effects between parents and adolescents, and 3) to provide insights into potential mechanisms involved in intergenerational transmission processes. The findings of this thesis highlight the importance of adolescence as a period in which intergenerational transmission processes play a role. Parental and adolescent psychopathological symptoms and relationship behaviors were generally consistently associated across adolescence and to some extent even into young adulthood, with both parent and adolescent effects involved. While negative parent-child interactions might explain why problem behaviors accumulate in some families, congruency between parents and children could help to break maladaptive patterns.
Flagellate Erythema: A Case of Shiitake Dermatitis and Review of Pathogenesis
Authors: Wu Kyle , de Menezes Sara , Robinson Aaron
Published: January 2023

Shiitake dermatitis is a rare eruption that is associated with the ingestion of uncooked shiitake mushrooms, resulting in a distinctive flagellate erythema. It was initially hypothesised that the mechanism of disease related to a toxic reaction to lentinan; however, recent evidence has suggested a potential allergic mechanism. The authors herein present a case of shiitake dermatitis and review the current understanding of pathogenesis of this condition and flagellate morphology. With an increase in consumption of shiitake mushrooms in Western society, shiitake dermatitis is expected to become more prevalent worldwide.
Nail Changes in Recent and Old Leprosy Patients
Authors: Ramos José M. , Reyes Francisco , Belinchón Isabel
Published: January 2023

Nails are elements of skin that can often be omitted from the dermatological assessment of leprosy. However, there are common nail conditions that require special management. This article considers nail presentations in leprosy patients. General and specific conditions will be discussed. It also considers the common nail conditions seen in leprosy patients and provides a guide to diagnosis and management.
Optimising the Patient Journey in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: Amirthalingam Saroshi
Published: January 2023

Prof Marcus Maurer opened the symposium with an introduction to chronic urticaria (CU), as well as its two subtypes (chronic spontaneous urticaria [CSU] and chronic inducible urticaria [CIndU]), and the currently available therapeutic strategies. Dr Clive Grattan spoke about the burden of disease in patients with CSU and the specific effects it has on a patient’s quality of life as well as the socioeconomic impact. Dr Donald Stull explained the importance of measuring the impact of disease using patient reported outcomes. Prof Ana Giménez-Arnau concluded the symposium by presenting the latest data on omalizumab for refractory CSU while touching on the recommendations in the latest urticaria guidelines. Interactive keypads were available throughout the symposium which allowed delegates to vote on different questions about their experience in treating patients with urticaria, posed by the speakers.
Trichotillomania with Giant Gastric Trichobezoar in a Female Child: A Case Report
Authors: Abbas Walaa Fadhil , Borisovna Tamrazova Olga , Vladimirovich Molochkov Anton , Valerievich Dzyadchik Alexander , Sergeevna Stadnikova Antonina
Published: January 2023

Trichotillomania is defined by the Diagnostics and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as an individual repetitively pulling of their own hair, which may be an unconscious action or intentional. The disease is considered one of the anxiety disorders as it has some obsessive-compulsive features. Many patients with this disorder go to a dermatologist for the first time with a complaint of hair loss (alopecia), and many of them deny the self-pulling behaviour. In rare circumstances, this psychological problem may coexist with a complication called gastric trichobezoar, like in this unusual case presentation, which is an accumulation of the patient’s hair in their stomach. It can be huge, presenting as a ‘tail’ extending into the duodenum and leading to what is referred to in the literature as ‘Rapunzel syndrome’. Gastric trichobezoars are most often seen in teenage females. Trichophagia has only been previously confirmed in one-third of these patients, but this is usually a late presentation, occurring after much hair eating for many years.
Endoscopic Necrosectomy as Treatment for Infected Pancreatic Necrosis
Authors: Jürgensen Christian
Published: January 2023

Necrotising pancreatitis can be life-threatening, but the introduction of endoscopic necrosectomy has led to a tremendous reduction of lethality. This review describes the technique and role of this method between conservative treatment and other interventional methods such as percutaneous drainage and surgery of superinfected necrosis. A little more than a decade after its introduction, endoscopic necrosectomy has become the gold standard in the interventional treatment of superinfected necrosis.
Understanding the Pathophysiology of IBS
Authors: Barbara Giovanni , Dolci Marco , Cremon Cesare , Barbaro Maria Raffaella , Bellacosa Lara , Fucili Anita , Stanghellini Vincenzo
Published: January 2023

While irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still considered a ‘disorder of gut function’ and is diagnosed on the basis of symptoms, evidence is growing to indicate the existence of biochemical, molecular, immune, and microbiological abnormalities in large subsets of patients. According to the current view, luminal factors (e.g. derived from food, microbiota, and bile acids) permeate into the mucosa through a leaky epithelial barrier. These substances elicit abnormal responses, partly related to the activation of the immune system, which evoke altered neuro-muscular responses and stimulation of pain pathways. This research is providing a new way of thinking about the pathophysiology of IBS and will potentially lead to the development of novel treatments for these common disorders.
The Role of JAK2 Mutation in Thrombotic Complications of Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Popov Viola M. , Onisai Minodora , Găman Mihaela , Vladareanu Ana Maria
Published: January 2023

Patients diagnosed with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) often develop thrombotic events as an onset of symptoms or in evolution. The pathogenesis of thrombosis in patients with MPN is multifactorial. There are multiple prognostic score systems, but the presence of JAK2V617F (JAK2) mutation is an independent and strong thrombosis risk factor. Patients with MPN and JAK mutational status usually associate thrombocytosis, increased immature circulating platelets, and leukocytosis, with increased expression of CD62P and CD14, increased levels of circulating microparticles and leuko-platelet microaggregates, and altered endothelial function. This review aims to discuss different factors contributing to the increased thrombotic risk in association with JAK2 mutational status. Also, recent reports incriminate this mutation to have a possible role in spontaneous loss of pregnancy.
Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: The Current State of Play
Authors: Mateos María-Victoria , Ocio Enrique M. , González Verónica , Dávila Julio
Published: January 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) usually responds to treatment but is incurable. The clinical course is characterised, in most patients, by a series of remissions and relapses. For younger patients, the initial treatment currently usually involves induction with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BOR), alone or in combination, followed by an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Usually only clinical relapses require treatment; the treatment plan should be individualised to take into account factors such as response to previous treatment, duration of the remission, adverse effects experienced, and available treatment options. Evidence suggests that many patients who have responded to BOR will respond to it again. Patients at first relapse should also be considered for a further ASCT or an allotransplant. Clinical studies have led to other drugs being approved for treatment of relapsed MM. These include lenalidomide (an immunomodulatory drug), carfilzomib (another proteasome inhibitor), pomalidomide (an immunomodulatory drug), and most recently panobinostat (a deacetylase inhibitor). The availability of these drugs greatly enhances the therapeutic options available to treat further relapses. Moreover, a bewildering array of other novel agents are at various stages in testing. They include other drugs from the classes already mentioned, as well as monoclonal antibodies, drugs acting on the cell cycle, kinase inhibitors, and signal transduction pathway inhibitors. It seems probable that the introduction of these agents in the coming years will further improve the survival of patients with MM, and may even lead to a cure.
Von Willebrand Disease-Associated Angiodysplasia: Presentation of a Paediatric Case
Authors: Aggoune Samira , Djidjli Nacer , Maouche Hachemi
Published: January 2023

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a bleeding disorder, resulting from a quantitative or qualitative defect in von Willebrand factor (VWF). A regulatory role for VWF in angiogenesis was postulated upon the clinical observation that qualitative or quantitative VWF defects are associated with the frequent occurrence of neoangiogenesis, particularly in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Vascular malformations of the GI tract are a cause of digestive bleeding in the form of either acute or chronic haemorrhage and represent a heterogeneous group of lesions, including angiodysplasias and telangiectasias. The management of these patients is challenging due to recurrent and severe episodes of GI bleeding. The mainstay of treatment of angiodysplasia is replacement therapy when this abnormality causes GI bleeding in patients with congenital VWD. When bleeding episodes recur frequently, regular prophylaxis should be implemented, leading to an acceptable degree of prevention of bleeding. The authors had a difficult experience in a 14-year-old adolescent with Type 3 VWD, who had presented with extremely serious recurrent bleeding secondary to duodenal angiodyplasia.
Pregnancy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Nephritis
Authors: Pateinakis Panagiotis , Pyrpasopoulou Athina
Published: January 2023

Pregnancy in patients with lupus nephritis is a challenging clinical situation. Although not absolutely contraindicated, it is associated with increased risk for foetal and maternal complications, including foetal loss, preterm delivery, intrauterine growth retardation, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, nephritis flare, and, rarely, maternal death. The complication rate is further increased in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies or the antiphospholipid syndrome. Proliferative classes of nephritis (III and IV) also appear to confer excess risk for complications. Immunosuppressives such as cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate, and antihypertensives such as angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers need to be stopped due to teratogenic effects. Agents like corticosteroids, azathioprine, and probably calcineurin inhibitors are considered compatible with gestation. Lupus activity needs to be assessed and carefully monitored. Thrombotic risk due to antiphospholipid antibodies, thrombotic events, or nephrosis needs to be evaluated and managed accordingly, with the use of aspirin and/or unfractioned or low molecular weight heparin. Differentiating between severe pre-eclampsia and lupus nephritis flare might require a renal biopsy, which might not always be feasible, for example after the 32nd gestational week or in a setting of uncontrolled hypertension or thrombocytopaenia. A 6-month history of quiescent disease on non-teratogenic agents seems to be associated with best chance for favourable outcomes. Pregnancy is optimally managed by a multidisciplinary team of experienced specialists, and close monitoring for disease activity during gestation; additionally, follow-up for maternal flare postpartum is also advised.
Supporting CKD Patients at Home
Authors: Bell Juliet
Published: January 2023

Dr Heaf opened the symposium by welcoming the attendees and introducing the speakers. Prof Cowie explained the concept of remote monitoring and outlined some of the tools available in cardiology, which include telephone monitoring, standalone equipment, and implanted devices. The challenges and usage of remote monitoring throughout 15 years of use in cardiology were explained, and emphasis was placed on the ability of remote monitoring devices to enable shared decision-making between the patient and healthcare professionals (HCPs) and their ability to align management strategies with patient needs. Prof Pestana then described the advantages and limitations of home-based peritoneal dialysis (PD). PD is an existing therapy that may benefit from additional patient and clinical support through telemonitoring and remote monitoring devices. Studies that assessed telemonitoring as a support for home-based PD versus centre-based haemodialysis were evaluated and the importance of shared decision-making was emphasised. The requirement for personalised decision-making tools in order to enhance medical supervision and provide more data for clinical decisions was discussed.
Pain in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Niemczyk Mariusz
Published: January 2023

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited disorder affecting 1 in 1,000 people and is responsible for 10% of cases of end-stage renal disease. Apart from renal manifestations, changes in other organs may be present, including arterial hypertension, intracranial aneurysms, liver cysts, and others. Pain is a common complaint in ADPKD, afflicting as many as two-thirds of patients. It begins relatively early in the course of the disease, and may be associated with polycystic kidneys, extrarenal manifestations of the disease, or may be of the origin which is unspecific for ADPKD. The aim of the paper is to review the subject of pain in ADPKD patients, with its possible sources, diagnostics, and management.
Non-Oral Drug Delivery Strategies: From Early Diagnosis to Advanced Treatments
Authors: Wolstencroft Karen
Published: January 2023

This educational symposium, sponsored by Britannia Pharmaceuticals Limited, was held during the 1st Congress of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), which took place from 20th-23rd June 2015 in Berlin, Germany. The symposium reviewed the role of non-oral drug delivery strategies in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and how they can overcome problems that occur with the gastrointestinal (GI) route of administration in many patients. GI dysfunction is recognised as a common problem in PD and may in fact be a preclinical marker of the disease. It can affect the absorption of oral medication resulting in OFF periods and unreliable control of motor symptoms, which in turn can have a negative impact on quality of life (QoL). Delayed time-to-ON (TTO) after an oral levodopa dose and dose failures are known to be significant contributors to total OFF time. Results of the recently completed AM-IMPAKT trial in patients with morning akinesia due to a delay in the onset of oral levodopa effect demonstrate that apomorphine intermittent injection (penject) is able to provide rapid and effective resolution of such complications, restoring patients to the ON state quickly and allowing them to get on with their daily activities.
The mechanism for stimulating the development of rural areas and the possibility of its implementation in Ukraine
Authors: Ushakova K. , Sakharnatskyi V.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the mechanism of stimulating the development of rural areas and the possibilities of its implementation in Ukraine. Ways of balanced development of non-agricultural activities in rural areas are substantiated, the development of industry, rural tourism, the service sector, folk crafts and the production of specific regional products are determined. Emphasis is placed on the need for product diversification of the food and processing industry with an increase in the share of ready-made food products with a higher added value. The analysis of the development of rural areas of the countries of the European Union was carried out and sectoral mechanisms, proportional and complex principles of regional policy were singled out, and the necessity of using an integrated approach to the development and implementation of programs and strategies for the development of united territorial communities was substantiated. The implementation of the European experience of organizational and economic support for the development of rural areas in Ukraine allows determining the main goals of the policy for the development of rural areas in Ukraine, including ensuring the competitiveness of rural areas, transforming the rural economy, promoting the transition to a low-carbon economy, ensuring sustainable management of land and water resources, restoring and preservation of biodiversity, achievement of ecological and economic security, which will contribute to the sustainable, reasonable and comprehensive development of rural areas in Ukraine.
Identifikasi Proses Berpikir Siswa Dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika Ditinjau Dari Perbedaan Gender
Authors: Muhammad Kutbi Muhammad Kutbi , Dwi Putra Eric , Marsidi
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi proses berpikir siswa saat menyelesaikan masalah ditinjau dari perbedaan gender. Subyek pada penelitian ini yakni siswa kelas VIII A,B yang terdiri dari empat siswa laki-laki dan empat siswa perempuan dengan kategori kemampaun tinggi dan sedang . Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu soal tes dan wawancara. Kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan analisis data kualitatif yang mencakup reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa siswa laki-laki berkemampuan tinggi memiliki tipe berpikir konseptual, sedangkan proses berpikir siswa perempuan berkemampuan tinggi memeliki tipe berpikir konseptual. Kemudian hasil analisis data siswa laki-laki berkemampuan rendah memiliki tipe berpikir konseptual, sedangkan proses berpikir siswa perempuan berkemampuan rendah memeliki tipe berpikir tidak terdefinisikan.
PENGARUH KECERDASAN VISUAL SPASIAL DAN SELF CONCEPT TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF
Authors: Rahmawati Sri Desi , Mulyatna Fauzi , Gusniwati Mira
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of visual-spatial intelligence and self-concept on creative thinking skills. This research was conducted at Yapermas Junior High School and Taman Siswa Junior High School with a sample of 46 students in class VIII for the 2021/2022 academic year. The research method used is a correlational survey method. The instruments used are description tests (visual spatial intelligence and creative thinking skills) and questionnaires (self concept), all instruments have been validated. Before testing the hypothesis, the data requirements were tested, including: normality test with chi square test, all data were normally distributed, linearity test obtained all data with a linear pattern, and multicollinearity test obtained all data between variables X1 and X2, there was no multicollinearity. Then the hypothesis test is carried out to get the equation persamaan Y=12,58 +0,22 X1+0,75X2  and with a level of 5% it is obtained Fcount (6,99) > Ftable (3,21 ) then H0  is rejected. The results of the study concluded that 1) there was an effect of spatial visual intelligence and self-concept on the ability to think creatively, 2) there was an effect of visual-spatial intelligence on the ability to think creatively, and 3) there was an influence of self-concept on the ability to think creatively.
15th Anniversary of ‘Eminak’ Journal: the History of Development
Authors: Trygub Oleksandr , Horbenko Kyrylo
Published: January 2023

The brief history of the journal 'Eminak' (2007-2022)
Невідомі карти та плани Ольвії та її околиць XIX ст.
Authors: Sаpоzhnykov Igor , Kuzmishchev Olexandr
Published: January 2023

Мета статті полягає у введенні до наукового обігу та аналізу досі невідомих картографічних джерел, які зберігаються у різних музейних та архівних установах.

Наукова новизна пов’язана з тим, що розглянуті чотири плани і карти 1821, 1851, 1863 рр., що стосуються Ольвії та її околиць, що досі ніколи не попадали до наукового вжитку дослідників.

Наведено невідомі факти існування села Ольвія (Широке); два фрагменти аркуша «військової зйомки» Херсонської губернії 1851 р. (масштаб 1 : 42 000) з урочищем Сто Могил і ділянкою на північ від с. Парутине. Вперше розглянуто аркуш карти 1851 р. та план А.П. Чиркова 1863 р., на яких зображені Велике та Мале Аджигольські містечка (нині поселення Дніпровське ІІ), вперше описані академіком Е.Е. Келлером.

Висновки. У рамках порівняльного аналізу планів було встановлено локалізацію кургану, в якому була знайдена золота маска (1842 р.). Також була локалізована на планах курганна група біля балки Широкої, які булі розкопані у 1844 і 1853 рр. Наводиться інформація про кам’яні склепи, відомі у трьох з них.

У ході проведеного дослідження вдалося не тільки порівняти плани між собою, але й локалізувати раніше невідоме місцезнаходження «археологічного будинку», співвіднести місцезнаходження курганів, розкопаних у 1842, 1844 і 1853 рр. а також розібратися у заплутаній бібліографії стосовно місцезнаходження Аджигольського містечка.
Професор Львівського університету Ришард Ґаншинець
Authors: Petrechko Oleh , Тsymbal Tetiana
Published: January 2023

Мета статті: на основі аналізу історичних джерел розглянути львівський період життя професора Ришарда Ґаншинця (1888-1958).

Наукова новизна: введено до наукового обігу низку архівних документів, що дозволило з’ясувати умови в яких відбувалася науково-педагогічна діяльність професора Ґаншинця у Львівському університеті.

Висновки. Професор Ришард Ґаншинець вніс великий вклад у справу становлення сучасної школи класичної філології у Львові. Львівський період його життя склав чверть століття і був важливим етапом його науково-педагогічної діяльності. Окрім роботи в університеті він виконував ще різного роду громадські обов’язки та редагував низку наукових журналів. Коло його наукових зацікавлень було досить широким, але передовсім його цікавили різні аспекти розвитку стародавніх релігій, особливо давньогрецької релігії та магії.

Друга світова війна завадила реалізації багатьох наукових планів вченого. У важких реаліях воєнного часу йому довелося працювати не за фахом, щоб прогодувати свою сім’ю, яка з наближенням лінії фронту виїхала у більш безпечне місце. Звільнення Львова від німецької окупації дало надію на налагодження мирного життя, відновлення наукової та педагогічної діяльності у Львівському університеті.

Однак, як і багатьом іншим представникам польської та української інтелігенції, професору Ґаншинцю довелося пройти через ув’язнення, боротися за повернення свого помешкання та речей. Серед іншого було втрачено щоденник вченого, який йому довелося власноруч знищити під час обшуку. Вчений довгий час не хотів виїжджати зі Львова у Польщу, однак прийняв таке рішення, коли стало очевидним, що надій на збереження польського Львова немає, а виїзд до Польщі є єдиною можливістю об’єднатися з сім’єю. Очевидно, що це важке рішення було виправдане в тих умовах і дозволило Ришарду Ґаншинцю продовжити плідну наукову та педагогічну діяльність.
Transformation of the Traditional Religiosity of the Ukrainian Peasantry (1920s – 1930s): Conceptualization of Research Problem
Authors: Kyrydon Alla , Kosiak Svitlana
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the research paper is to highlight the set of circumstances and factors that caused the transformation of the peasantry traditional religiosity and to emphasize the interdependence of the processes in the event-contextual and mental-conscious spheres/dimensions.

Scientific novelty: Despite the rather thorough scientific analysis of the issue, the dominance of the positivist approach is observed in historiography; therefore, the conceptualization of the problem makes it possible to understand the non-fragmentary factual multiplicity of certain plots, which evinced in one way or another the transformations of religiosity in the social and cultural space of the 1920s – 1930s, but it allows to clarify and generalize the reasons, nature, dynamics, and essential characteristics of the processes related to the transformation of religiosity under the new social and cultural conditions of the communist-atheist power.

Conclusions. There is a certain dependency between the architectonics of human existence and the worldview benchmarks of a certain era. Therefore, not only anti-religious and anti-church propaganda (as a means of ideological influence), but also the socio-economic and political development of society (industrialization, collectivization, cultural revolution, renewal of everyday life, etc.) destroyed the former stable world of customs and rituals. Therefore, it is obviously worth talking not about the transformation of religiosity, but about complex transformations.

The nature of the religiosity transformational processes depended on many factors. In the context of the eroding of old church doctrines, the revision of fixed moral and ethical norms, the onset of atheism, in the eyes of Christians, the stable world was degrading, losing sanctified traditions and moral standards. Religious integrity and the durability of religious culture were lost. In search of compensation for the emerging worldview uncertainty, anxiety, dissatisfaction, etc., the individual looked for new benchmarks, values, ideals, and ways of organizing life in society through the transformation of stable forms and ways of life. In the confrontation of two worldview cultural models, society, having undergone complex transformations, slowly adapted to the conditions established by the communist regime and its worldview instructions.
Orthodoxy of Ukraine During the Occupation, 1939-1944: Confessional Transformations and Political Contexts
Authors: Lysenko Oleksandr , Mykhailutsa Mykola
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the research paper is to analyze the influence of the social and political conditions on changes in confessional life in the occupied Ukrainian lands during World War II.

The scientific novelty: it is claimed that it was social and political conditions that caused drastic changes in the confessional map of Ukraine in 1939-1945. The determinant factor of the occupation policy – the destruction of the established confessional configuration that traditionally existed on Ukrainian lands in the USSR, Poland and Romania – has been proven. Autocephalous tendencies in Orthodox life in the General Governorate, Reichskommissariat ‘Ukraine’ and ‘Transnistria’ were studied. The personal visions of the leading Orthodox bishops regarding the institutional status of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine are reflected. The specific approaches of the German and Romanian administrations to the organization of church life are highlighted.

Conclusions: it is proved that despite the attempt to create a single Orthodox Church in the territory occupied by the Wehrmacht, this did not happen due to the position of the German leadership and different views of the hierarchs of the Orthodox churches. It has been proven that all institutional changes of the occupiers grossly violated the existing traditions and canonical norms, which deprived the Church of its autonomy. It was determined that multiconfessionalism and the lack of autocephalous status of Ukrainian Orthodoxy complicated the process of forming a single Orthodox Church of Ukraine. The influence of the Moscow Patriarchate, as well as the opposition of Berlin, made this process impossible during the war.

It is noted that the Romanian administration in the occupied south-western lands of Ukraine (‘Transnistria’), with the support of the Romanian Orthodox Mission, contributed to the revival of Christianity, relied on the pre-revolutionary church organization, clerics and monarchism. The Ukrainian-phobic attitudes of the majority of Romanian bishops and the occupation authorities which led to the fight against the sprouts of Ukrainian autocephaly are shown. It has been proven that the rebuilt churches, the restoration of services in them, the involvement of hundreds of clerics, Christian charity and charity, raising children in the spirit of piety, etc., contributed to the revival of ancient Christian traditions and, at the same time, were a tool for the affirmation of the occupation regime.
Curtailing crime dynamics: A mathematical approach
Authors: Kwofie Theophilus , Dogbatsey Matthias , Moore Stephen E.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Crime and criminal activities have huge influences on society and societal development. The social makeup of the society has a significant impact on the propagation of crime within a population. It is a well-known reality that crime spreads across society like an infectious disease, despite the fact that there are many elements that might affect this dynamic. So, understanding crime and the factors influencing its spread are essential in formulating policies to reduce the prevalence and impacts of crime.

Methods

We formulate a deterministic mathematical model using a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations incorporating education programs as tools to assess the population-level impact on the spread of crime. The model has a global asymptotically stable crime-free equilibrium whenever a certain criminological threshold, known as the effective reproduction number RE, is less than unity.

Results and discussion

The model is fitted with prison data reported from July 2021 to June 2022 by the State of Illinois in The United States. The simulations are carried out to assess the population-level impact of the widespread use of the intervention programs and the compliance rate in the State of Illinois. We hypothetically fixed the efficacy of the intervention programs at 25% while varying the compliance rate (by the general public). With no compliance, a high level of active criminal population was recorded. As the compliance rates were significantly improved, the active population level decreased. The global sensitivity analysis is performed primarily to determine the parameters with the most effect on the spread of crime in the State of Illinois. The results demonstrate that the effective community contact rate, βc, for the criminally active individuals is the main driver of crime in the State of Illinois.
Evaluation of probe-based ultra-sensitive detection of miRNA using a single-molecule fluorescence imaging method: miR-126 used as the model
Authors: Liu Longkai , Wang Xiaoning , Li Yan , Liu Jianwei
Published: January 2023

This study proposed a new detection method of miRNA based on single-molecule fluorescence imaging, a method that has been successfully developed to measure the light signal of individual molecules labeled with proper fluorophores. We designed probes 1 and 2 to be labeled with Cy5 dye and BHQ2 quencher at the 3′terminals, respectively. Probe 1 consisted of two parts, the longer part complementary to miR-126 and the shorter part complementary to probe 2. After hybridization, miR-126 bound to probe 1 by replacing probe 2 and assembled into a double-stranded DNA with probe 1. The abundance of miR-126 was quantified by detecting image spots of Cy5 dye molecules from probe 1/miR-126 complexes. MiR-126 single-molecule imaging method showed high specificity and sensitivity for miR-126 with a detection limit of 50 fM. This method has good selectivity for miR-126 detection with 2.1-fold, 8.8-fold, and 26.9–41.3-fold higher than those of single-base mismatched miR-126, three-base mismatched miR-126 and non-complementary miRNAs (miR-221, miR-16, miR-143 and miR-141). The method to detect miR-126 was validated in breast cancer cell lines. Our single-molecule miRNA imaging showed high specificity and sensitivity for miRNAs. By changing the base pair sequence of the designed probes, our method would be able to detect different miRNAs.
Rational design of enzyme activity and enantioselectivity
Authors: Song Zhongdi , Zhang Qunfeng , Wu Wenhui , Pu Zhongji , Yu Haoran
Published: January 2023

The strategy of rational design to engineer enzymes is to predict the potential mutants based on the understanding of the relationships between protein structure and function, and subsequently introduce the mutations using the site-directed mutagenesis. Rational design methods are universal, relatively fast and have the potential to be developed into algorithms that can quantitatively predict the performance of the designed sequences. Compared to the protein stability, it was more challenging to design an enzyme with improved activity or selectivity, due to the complexity of enzyme molecular structure and inadequate understanding of the relationships between enzyme structures and functions. However, with the development of computational force, advanced algorithm and a deeper understanding of enzyme catalytic mechanisms, rational design could significantly simplify the process of engineering enzyme functions and the number of studies applying rational design strategy has been increasing. Here, we reviewed the recent advances of applying the rational design strategy to engineer enzyme functions including activity and enantioselectivity. Five strategies including multiple sequence alignment, strategy based on steric hindrance, strategy based on remodeling interaction network, strategy based on dynamics modification and computational protein design are discussed and the successful cases using these strategies are introduced.
Carotid atherosclerosis in people of European, South Asian and African Caribbean ethnicity in the Southall and Brent revisited study (SABRE)
Authors: Anbar Rayan , Chaturvedi Nish , Eastwood Sophie V. , Tillin Therese , Hughes Alun D.
Published: January 2023

Background

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk differs by ethnicity. In comparison with Europeans (EA) South Asian (SA) people in UK experience higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, while African Caribbean people have a lower risk of CHD but a higher risk of stroke.

Aim

To compare carotid atherosclerosis in EA, SA, and AC participants in the Southall and Brent Revisited (SABRE) study and establish if any differences were explained by ASCVD risk factors.

Methods

Cardiovascular risk factors were measured, and carotid ultrasound was performed in 985 individuals (438 EA, 325 SA, 228 AC). Carotid artery plaques and intima-media thickness (cIMT) were measured. Associations of carotid atherosclerosis with ethnicity were investigated using generalised linear models (GLMs), with and without adjustment for non-modifiable (age, sex) and modifiable risk factors (education, diabetes, hypertension, total cholesterol, HDL-C, alcohol consumption, current smoking).

Results

Prevalence of any plaque was similar in EA and SA, but lower in AC (16, 16, and 6%, respectively; p < 0.001). In those with plaque, total plaque area, numbers of plaques, plaque class, or greyscale median did not differ by ethnicity; adjustment for risk factors had minimal effects. cIMT was higher in AC than the other ethnic groups after adjustment for age and sex, adjustment for risk factors attenuated this difference.

Conclusion

Prevalence of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques varies by ethnicity, independent of risk factors. Lower plaque prevalence in in AC is consistent with their lower risk of CHD but not their higher risk of stroke. Higher cIMT in AC may be explained by risk factors. The similarity of plaque burden in SA and EA despite established differences in ASCVD risk casts some doubt on the utility of carotid ultrasound as a means of assessing risk across these ethnic groups.
Sex differences in contributors to coronary microvascular dysfunction
Authors: Kwan Alan C. , Wei Janet , Ouyang David , Ebinger Joseph E. , Merz C. Noel Bairey , Berman Daniel , Cheng Susan
Published: January 2023

Background

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) has differences in prevalence and presentation between women and men; however, we have limited understanding about underlying contributors to sex differences in CMD. Myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI), as semi-quantitative measure of myocardial perfusion derived from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has been validated as a measure of CMD. We sought to understand the sex differences in the relations between the MPRI and traditional measures of cardiovascular disease by CMR.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of a single-center cohort of patients receiving clinical stress CMR from 2015 to 2022 was performed. Patients with calculated MPRI and no visible perfusion defects consistent with obstructive epicardial coronary disease were included. We compared associations between MPRI versus traditional cardiovascular risk factors and markers of cardiac structure/function in sex-stratified populations using univariable and multivariable regression models.

Results

A total of 229 patients [193 female, 36 male, median age 57 (47–67) years] were included in the analysis. In the female population, no traditional cardiovascular risk factors were associated with MPRI, whereas in the male population, diabetes (β: −0.80, p = 0.03) and hyperlipidemia (β: −0.76, p = 0.006) were both associated with reduced MPRI in multivariable models. Multivariable models revealed significant associations between reduced MPRI and increased ascending aortic diameter (β: −0.42, p = 0.005) and T1 times (β: −0.0056, p = 0.03) in the male population, and increased T1 times (β: −0.0037, p = 0.006) and LVMI (β: −0.022, p = 0.0003) in the female population.

Conclusion

The findings suggest different underlying pathophysiology of CMD in men versus women, with lower MPRI in male patients fitting a more “traditional” atherosclerotic profile.
Observation of the effectiveness of clinical indicators of cardiac shock wave therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Xinze , Gu Minghong , Ma Yixuan , Song Peiyu , Fang Chenghu
Published: January 2023

Objective

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) has a high prevalence and mortality rate, imposing a heavy burden on patients and society, and there is still a need to optimize treatment options for IHD patients. Cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) is gaining popularity as a new treatment for IHD patients. The objective of this meta-analysis is to reassess the effects of CSWT on IHD patients in light of the limited number of clinical studies included in previously published reviews, inconsistent methodological quality, and unclear outcomes.

Methods

From database creation until September 1, 2022, 4 English databases and 3 Chinese databases were rigorously searched for any current controlled trials of CSWT for IHD. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used for methodological quality assessment. Review Manager v.5.4 software was used for meta-analysis.

Results

Nineteen published controlled trials totaling 1,254 subjects were included. Results showed that CSWT could enhance left ventricular function and myocardial viability, improve cardiac function and alleviate angina pectoris symptoms. The effects of CSWT and control groups on SAQ scores and exercise time were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

According to this systematic review and meta-analysis, CSWT may be beneficial for a number of IHD clinical indications. To verify these findings, more RCT studies with bigger sample numbers and higher methodological standards are required in the future.
Role of mitochondrial metabolism in immune checkpoint inhibitors-related myocarditis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Gan Yi , Zhu Haoshuai , Liu Zhihao , Yao Xiaojing , Cheng Chao , Liu Zhenguo , Su Chunhua , Zou Jianyong
Published: January 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis is the deadliest complication of immunotherapy. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of its occurrence and development remain unclear. Due to the long-term lack of effective early diagnosis and treatment options, it is of great significance to understand the pathophysiological mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis.

Methods

Tissue samples from three patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis and three control tissue samples were collected for protein analysis. Differentially expressed proteins were screened out using quantitative proteomics technology based on TMT markers. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analyses of cross-factors were subsequently performed. Combined with the PD-L1 subcellular organelle- level protein interaction network, we searched for hub proteins involved in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis and explored potential drug sensitivity and disease correlation.

Results

A total of 306 differentially expressed proteins were identified in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis. Enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were closely related to mitochondrial metabolism. By analyzing mitochondria-related proteins and PD-L1-related proteins, we found four hub proteins, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11), and Mitofusin 2 (MFN2), indicating that they are closely related to immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis. Finally, we explored potential drugs for the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis.

Conclusion

Mitochondrial metabolism is involved in the process of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis, and we identified four hub proteins, which may become new biomarkers for the early diagnosis and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis.
Enhancement of Gas Production From Clayey Silt Hydrate Reservoirs Based on Near Wellbore Artificial Fractures Constructed Using High-Pressure Rotating Water Jets Technology
Authors: Li Zhanzhao , Wan Tinghui , Yu Yanjiang , Liang Qianyong , Lu Hongfeng , Wang Jingli , Tian Lieyu , He Huice , Li Keliang , Qiu Haijun
Published: January 2023

Over 90% of the global hydrate resources are stored in very-low-permeability clayey silt reservoirs. The low permeability significantly restricts the efficiency of gas and water flow into the production well. To enhance gas production efficiency in low-permeability hydrate reservoirs, the high-pressure rotating water jets (HPRWJ) technology is proposed to construct near wellbore artificial fractures (NWAFs) in hydrate reservoirs. The HPRWJ avoid the risks of hydraulic fracturing as well as large-scale reservoir damage, which makes it more suitable for constructing fractures in hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS). In this article, the site SH7 in the South China Sea is studied to evaluate the feasibility of this technology for enhancing gas production of low-permeability hydrate reservoirs by numerical simulation. The results show that the gas productivity is increased by approximately three times by using the HPRWJ technology to construct NWAFs with a depth of 3 m. It is suggested that the proposed technology is a promising method for improving gas production from the low-permeability hydrate reservoirs. Furthermore, the gas production performance is closely related to NWAF depth, NWAF permeability, and NWAF spacing. For the site SH7 in the South China Sea, the NWAF depth, permeability, and spacing are recommended as 3 m, 3D, and 3 m, respectively.