bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Low-Resolution CCSM4
Authors: Shields Christine A. , Bailey David A. , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Jochum Markus , Kiehl Jeffrey T. , Levis Samuel , Park Sungsu
Published: February 2012

The low-resolution version of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) is a computationally efficient alternative to the intermediate and standard resolution versions of this fully coupled climate system model. It employs an atmospheric horizontal grid of 3.75° × 3.75° and 26 levels in the vertical with a spectral dynamical core (T31) and an oceanic horizontal grid that consists of a nominal 3° resolution with 60 levels in the vertical. This low-resolution version (T31x3) can be used for a variety of applications including long equilibrium simulations, development work, and sensitivity studies. The T31x3 model is validated for modern conditions by comparing to available observations. Significant problems exist for Northern Hemisphere Arctic locales where sea ice extent and thickness are excessive. This is partially due to low heat transport in T31x3, which translates into a globally averaged sea surface temperature (SST) bias of −1.54°C compared to observational estimates from the 1870–99 historical record and a bias of −1.26°C compared to observations from the 1986–2005 historical record. Maximum zonal wind stress magnitude in the Southern Hemisphere matches observational estimates over the ocean, although its placement is incorrectly displaced equatorward. Aspects of climate variability in T31x3 compare to observed variability, especially so for ENSO where the amplitude and period approximate observations. T31x3 surface temperature anomaly trends for the twentieth century also follow observations. An examination of the T31x3 model relative to the intermediate CCSM4 resolution (finite volume dynamical core 1.9° × 2.5°) for preindustrial conditions shows the T31x3 model approximates this solution for climate state and variability metrics examined here.
Flow, Moisture, and Thermodynamic Variability Associated with Gulf of California Surges within the North American Monsoon
Authors: Schiffer Nicole J. , Nesbitt Stephen W.
Published: February 2012

This study uses an improved surge identification method to examine composites of 29 yr of surface observations and reanalysis data alongside 10 yr of satellite precipitation data to reveal connections between flow, thermodynamic parameters, and precipitation, both within and outside of the North American monsoon (NAM) region, associated with Gulf of California (GoC) moisture surges. The North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), examined using composites of flow during all detected moisture surges at Yuma, Arizona, and so-called wet and dry surges (those producing anomalously high and low precipitation, respectively, over Arizona and New Mexico), show markedly different flow and moisture patterns that ultimately lead to the differing observed precipitation distributions in the region. Wet surges tend to be associated with moister precursor air masses over the southwestern United States, have a larger contribution of enhanced easterly cross–Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) moisture transport, and tend to result from a transient cyclonic disturbance tracking across northern Mexico. Dry surges tend to be associated with a more southerly tracking disturbance, are associated with less convection over the SMO, and tend to be associated with a drier presurge air mass over Arizona and New Mexico.
Trends in Tropospheric Humidity from 1970 to 2008 over China from a Homogenized Radiosonde Dataset
Authors: Zhao Tianbao , Dai Aiguo , Wang Junhong
Published: February 2012

Radiosonde humidity data provide the longest record for assessing changes in atmospheric water vapor, but they often contain large discontinuities because of changes in instrumentation and observational practices. In this study, the variations and trends in tropospheric humidity (up to 300 hPa) over China are analyzed using a newly homogenized radiosonde dataset. It is shown that the homogenization removes the large shifts in the original records of dewpoint depression (DPD) resulting from sonde changes in recent years in China, and it improves the DPD’s correlation with precipitation and the spatial coherence of the DPD trend from 1970 to 2008. The homogenized DPD data, together with homogenized temperature, are used to compute the precipitable water (PW), whose correlation with the PW from ground-based global positioning system (GPS) measurements at three collocated stations is also improved after the homogenization. During 1970–2008 when the record is relatively complete, tropospheric specific humidity after the homogenization shows upward trends, with surface–300-hPa PW increasing by about 2%–5% decade−1 over most of China and by more than 5% decade−1 over northern China in winter. The PW variations and changes are highly correlated with those in lower–midtropospheric mean temperature (r = 0.83), with a dPW/dT slope of ~7.6% K−1, which is slightly higher than the 7% K−1 implied by Clausius–Clapeyron equation with a constant relative humidity (RH). The radiosonde data show only small variations and weak trends in tropospheric RH over China. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the PW reveals several types of variability over China, with the first EOF (31.4% variance) representing an upward PW trend over most of China (mainly since 1987). The second EOF (12.0% variance) shows a dipole pattern between Southeast and Northwest China and it is associated with a similar dipole pattern in atmospheric vertical motion. This mode exhibits mostly multiyear variations that are significantly correlated with Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and ENSO indices.
Value of Albumin–Globulin Ratio as a Predictor of All-Cause Mortality After Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Azab Basem , Bibawy John , Harris Kassem , Khoueiry Georges , Akerman Meredith , Selim Jason , Khalil Silivia , Bloom Scott , McGinn Joseph T.
Published: February 2012

Low albumin and the albumin–globulin ratio (AGR) were associated with vascular adverse events. Our study explores the AGR as a predictor of mortality after non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). In an observational study of 570 NSTEMI patients admitted to a tertiary center between 2004 and 2006, patients were stratified into equal tertiles according to AGR. The primary outcome was 4-year all-cause mortality. The 4-year mortality rates in the first, second, and third AGR tertiles were 88 (47%) of 189, 48 (25%)of 190 , and 19 (10%) of 191, respectively ( P < .0001). After adjusting for 20 confounding variables, AGR first tertile (AGR <1.12) had a higher mortality versus second tertile (hazard ratio [HR] 2.6, P < .001). Likewise, the AGR second tertile had higher mortality versus the third tertile (AGR ≥1.34; HR 2.3, P = .004). The albumin–globulin ratio is a significant independent predictor of long-term mortality after NSTEMI in patients with normal serum albumin levels. Further studies are needed to explain the underlying mechanisms.
‘Potted Plants in Greenhouses’: A Critical Reflection on the Resilience of Colonial Education in Africa
Authors: Nyamnjoh Francis B
Published: February 2012

This paper draws on Okot p’Bitek’s Song of Lawino and other critical voices to argue that education in Africa is victim of a resilient colonial and colonizing epistemology, which takes the form of science as ideology and hegemony. Postcolonial African elite justify the resilience of this epistemology and the education it inspires with rhetoric on the need to be competitive internationally. The outcome is often a devaluation of African creativity, agency and value systems, and an internalized sense of inadequacy. Education has become a compulsion for Africans to ‘lighten their darkness’ both physically and metaphorically in the interest of and for the gratification of colonizing and hegemonic others. The paper calls for paying more attention to popular systems of knowledge, in which reality is larger than logic. It calls for listening to ordinary men and women who, like p’Bitek’s Lawino, are challenging the prescriptive gaze and grip of emasculated elite.
Social Revolution, the State, and War
Authors: Carter Jeff , Bernhard Michael , Palmer Glenn
Published: February 2012

Democracy has been the primary focus of our efforts to understand the impact of domestic institutions on processes of international conflict. In this article, we examine how a particular nondemocratic regime type, postrevolutionary states, affects military capabilities and war outcomes. Drawing on scholarship that conceptualizes revolutions as a unique class of modernizing events that result in stronger state structures, we argue that postrevolutionary states should be better able to mobilize populations and economic resources for military purposes. Tests performed on a comprehensive sample of twentieth-century states and interstate wars confirm our predictions: postrevolutionary states have larger, better funded militaries and achieve more successful war outcomes.
Using Marital Attitudes in Late Adolescence to Predict Later Union Transitions
Authors: Willoughby Brian J.
Published: February 2012

Using a sample of 982 late adolescents and tracking them throughout young adulthood, this study investigated whether marital attitudes held during the last year of high school were predictive of union transitions to both cohabitation and marriage during young adulthood. Results using both logistic regression and discrete event history models found that marital attitudes did not have significant associations with the transition to cohabitation but did significantly predict the probability of transitioning to marriage during young adulthood. Specifically, having a younger expected age of marriage and placing more importance on marriage at the end of adolescence was associated with an increased likelihood of transitioning to marriage earlier than other young adults.
Depressive Symptoms among US Military Spouses during Deployment
Authors: Faulk Kathryn E. , Gloria Christian T. , Cance Jessica Duncan , Steinhardt Mary A.
Published: February 2012

Using the Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions, the relationships among stress, positivity, and depressive symptoms were examined in a sample of military spouses during deployment ( N = 367). Over one-third of the spouses reported moderately severe levels of depressive symptoms. After controlling for demographic and deployment variables, stress had a positive association with depressive symptoms (β = .59, p < .001), while positivity had a negative association (β = −.39, p < .001). Positivity was also found to play a moderating role on the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms (β = −.29, p < .001). Spouses with lower positivity reported more depressive symptoms at both low and high levels of stress compared to those with higher positivity. The final model, including both direct and moderating variables, accounted for 69 percent of the total variance in depressive symptoms. Practical implications are discussed in terms of the importance of developing positivity in military spouses.
The Star Wars Arms Race in College Athletics
Authors: Tsitsos William , Nixon Howard L.
Published: February 2012

This study focuses on a “star wars arms race” concerning escalating head coaches’ salaries in the biggest of the big-time college sports in the United States, football and men’s basketball. Data are presented from six seasons since 2003 testing the assumption that paying top salaries to coaches assures or improves success on the field and in the rankings. The data concerning rankings and mobility into and out of the “Top 25” for teams with the top-paid football and men’s basketball coaches show that institutions paying the highest salaries to head coaches of these sports are not assured of having highly ranked teams. Policy issues and implications of the star wars arms race for college sports and higher education institutions are discussed.
Conceptualizations and Experiences of Oppression: Gender Differences
Authors: Hillock Susan
Published: February 2012

Using an exploratory qualitative research design featuring semistructured interviews, the author asked a group of 10 male and female social workers to describe their conceptualizations of and experiences with oppression. This article presents the participants’ social locations and identities related to their understandings and experiences of oppression and thoughts about processes of the internalization of oppression. The findings indicate that the male and female participants had different experiences, articulations, and conceptualizations of oppression. In addition, for the most part, they did not explicitly acknowledge positions of privilege and entitlement or articulate how these factors have played out in their clinical and personal relationships.
Determinants of 6-Month Maternal Satisfaction with Breastfeeding Experience in a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Labarère José , Gelbert-Baudino Nathalie , Laborde Laurent , Baudino Fanny , Durand Maeva , Schelstraete Camille , François Patrice
Published: February 2012

Although a personally defined experience, successful breastfeeding is usually measured with regard to duration. This study investigated the determinants of maternal satisfaction with breastfeeding experience for 907 mothers enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Despite a median breastfeeding duration (18 weeks) that fell short of recommendations, 822 mothers (90.6%) rated their breastfeeding experience as very or fairly satisfactory. Anticipated breastfeeding duration was a determinant of satisfaction only for women who actually breastfeed < 2 months; in this subgroup of mothers, satisfaction rates ranged from 84.6% for those who anticipated breastfeeding < 2 months to 69.8% for those who anticipated breastfeeding > 4 months ( P = .01). Smoking during pregnancy and experiencing breastfeeding difficulties after discharge were independently associated with decreased satisfaction. Eliciting the mother’s expectations regarding breastfeeding duration may help the lactation consultant in providing appropriate guidance. Future studies should assess maternal satisfaction using validated instruments.
Life after Burberry: shifting experiences of work and non-work life following redundancy
Authors: Blyton Paul , Jenkins Jean
Published: February 2012

This article sheds new light on neglected areas of recent ‘work-life’ discussions. Drawing on a study of a largely female workforce made redundant by factory relocation, the majority subsequently finding alternative employment in a variety of work settings, the results illustrate aspects of both positive and negative spillover from work to non-work life. In addition, the findings add to the growing number of studies that highlight the conditions under which part-time working detracts from, rather than contributes to, successful work-life balance. The conclusion discusses the need for a more multi-dimensional approach to work-life issues.
The social construction of professionalism among organizers and senior organizers in a UK trade union
Authors: Thursfield Denise
Published: February 2012

This article identifies and explores the social construction of professionalism among organizers and senior organizers in the regional office of a UK trade union. The article argues that the social construction of professionalism is linked to servicing, organizing and political campaigning models of internal trade union activity. Moreover, the increasing importance of the organizing model is associated with a shift away from a traditional conceptualization of professionalism towards the managerial professional model described by Faulconbridge and Muzio in which concepts such as strategy, targets and efficiency prevail. There is, however, fragmentation between the socially constructed conceptualizations of professionalism held by organizers and senior organizers. These conflicting conceptualizations are linked to both organizers’ and senior organizers’ everyday practices and concerns in the context of change and uncertainty.
Gender, age and ageism: experiences of women managers in Finland and Scotland
Authors: Jyrkinen Marjut , McKie Linda
Published: February 2012

This article explores the intersectionality of gender and age in work and careers of women managers. Interviews were conducted with women senior managers in two EU countries, namely Finland and Scotland. These countries have demographic and economic similarities, but there are differences in welfare regimes, economies and employment policies. Using the approach of biographical matching the article compares how women managers in these countries encounter gendered ageism in the different stages of their careers. Data illustrate the myriad ways in which women experience ageism and lookism. The conclusion reflects upon these processes of gendering management which persist across these two labour markets.
Trade unions and action research
Authors: Huzzard Tony , Björkman Hans
Published: February 2012

There is little or no tradition of action research outputs reaching the mainstream industrial relations and work sociology literatures. The aim of this research note is to address why this is so and argue for an action research agenda for work with unions that entails the researcher assuming the role of change agent to facilitate union capacity building or developing workplaces for better jobs. A key issue is how such an agenda can be advanced that does not compromise the integrity of the researcher or the quality of research output. This, we argue, is worth exploring as a means for putting union research onto a more interventionist footing. However, we also suggest that the successful pursuit of such an agenda depends on meeting a number of methodological challenges.
A robust road bank angle estimation based on a proportional–integral H∞ filter
Authors: Kim Jihwan , Lee Hyeongcheol , Choi Seibum
Published: February 2012

This paper presents a new robust road bank angle estimation method that does not require a differential global positioning system or any additional expensive sensors. A modified bicycle model, which is less sensitive to model uncertainties than is the conventional bicycle model, is proposed. The road bank angle estimation algorithm designed using this model can improve robustness against modelling errors and uncertainties. A proportional–integral H∞ filter based on the game theory approach, which is designed for the worst cases with respect to the sensor noises and disturbances, is used as the estimator in order to improve further the stability and robustness of the bank estimation. The effectiveness and performance of the proposed estimation algorithm are verified by simulations and tests, and the results are compared with those of previous road bank angle estimation methods.
What do we know about self-reported fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus?
Authors: Cleanthous S , Tyagi M , Isenberg DA , Newman SP
Published: February 2012

Fatigue is one of the most complex and ill understood symptoms of chronic illness often reported as the number one complaint by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on fatigue in SLE. A pool of 55 relevant articles was retrieved via electronic searches of six databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PsychINFO and PubMed. Fatigue in the studies reviewed was assessed by a range of self-report instruments, the content of which is varied. The results displayed a consensus on the high prevalence of fatigue in SLE, which is significantly higher when compared with controls. The aetiology of fatigue appears to be multifactorial. Disease activity is not always significantly associated with fatigue, in comparison with other secondary features of SLE and psychological variables. The literature is limited by the cross-sectional nature of most of the studies, which does not permit for any firm conclusion regarding the direction of causal relationships to be made. The high prevalence of fatigue in SLE emphasizes the need for further detailed prospective research to inform the understanding of its aetiology, course and management.
Evaluation of Respiratory Functions of Residents Around the Orhaneli Thermal Power Plant in Turkey
Authors: Pala Kayihan , Türkkan Alpaslan , Gerçek Harika , Osman Erdinc , Aytekin Hamdi
Published: February 2012

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the health and respiratory function of residents around the Orhaneli thermal power plant in Turkey. The study was conducted using face-to-face interviews, and respiratory functions were measured with a spirometer. The respiratory functions of 2350 residents, 15 years and older, living in communities near the coal-fired Orhaneli thermal power plant in Turkey were measured. The control group consisted of 469 persons from similar communities without a nearby power plant. The FEV1 (forced expiratory volume after 1 s) and FVC (forced vital capacity) values of the study participants were significantly lower than those of the control group, and residents directly downwind of the plant’s smokestack showed greater impairment of respiratory functions compared with residents upwind.
Young Adult Preferences for Physician Decision-Making Style in Japan and the United States
Authors: Alden Dana L. , Merz Miwa Y. , Akashi Jun
Published: February 2012

Studies in Japan and the United States investigate preferences for patient–physician decision-making style among young adults in the context of a primary care clinic visit for an upper respiratory infection. A treatment scenario described 1 of 3 decision-making styles: a young adult and doctor using a passive (physician decides), shared (patient and physician decide together), or autonomous (patient decides from a set of medically appropriate alternatives) decision-making style. Unexpectedly, Japanese respondents evaluated the autonomous interaction most positively. US respondents evaluated the shared decision-making scenario most positively. Overall, despite large cultural differences, both country samples favored higher participation in decision making. These results suggest that passive patient approaches are falling out of favor as patient-centered care expectations diffuse globally, even in traditionally hierarchic societies with high levels of respect for authority. The implications of these findings along with managerial implications and suggestions for future research are presented.
Smoking Cessation Intervention Using Stepwise Exercise Incentives for Male Workers in the Workplace
Authors: Hwang Gyu-Seok , Jung Hye-Sun , Yi Yunjeong , Yoon Chungsik , Choi Jae-Wook
Published: February 2012

The authors developed a stepwise exercise-incentive-based smoking cessation program as one of the workplace health promotion program. The aim of this study is to evaluate the program offered in an electronics company in Korea. A total of 109 electronics company employees were recruited. Participants were surveyed for smoking history, nicotine dependence, and job stress. They received smoking cessation education and were provided with a stepwise fitness center ticket. Of 109 participants, 58 (53.2%) successfully ceased smoking for 3 months. Significant differences between success and fail groups were apparent in cigarettes smoked per day ( P = .002) and nicotine dependence score ( P = .049). However, there was no significant difference in job stress between success and fail groups. Based on multiple logistic regression analysis, there were no identifiable factors associated with smoking cessation. In conclusion, a stepwise exercise-incentive-based smoking cessation program was highly effective when applied in a workplace setting.
Social Normative Beliefs About Smoking Among Vietnamese Adolescents
Authors: Page Randy M. , Huong Nguyen Thanh , Chi Hoang Khanh , Tien Truong Quang
Published: February 2012

Tobacco-related deaths in Vietnam are forecast to climb from 40 000 annually to 70 000 by 2030. Previous research in Western nations has found social factors to be important determinants of adolescent smoking. Because these factors remain unexplored in Vietnamese youth, the purpose of this study was to examine social normative beliefs regarding smoking in a school-based sample of North Vietnamese adolescents and the association of these factors with smoking behavior and susceptibility to smoking. Three measures of normative beliefs regarding smoking were evaluated in cross-sectional surveys of secondary students. Of the 3 measures, parent/peer disapproval was the most consistent normative belief associated with smoking behavior and susceptibility to smoking. Youth smoking prevention programs should consider assessing and taking into account normative beliefs and develop strategies that provide accurate information about the actual prevalence of smoking, the types of individuals who smoke, and approval/disapproval of smoking by parents and peers.
Familial Aggregation of Blood Pressure With Respect to Anthropometric Variables Among the Lobana (Nomadic Origin) Population in Punjab, India
Authors: Badaruddoza  , Kaur Punarjot
Published: February 2012

Familial aggregation of blood pressure with respect to anthropometric characteristics was investigated among the Lobana (a tribal origin) population in Punjab, a North Indian state. A total of 505 individuals comprised the study sample, constituting 116 families of 3 generations. The study represents a multivariate model analysis, which includes family data with respect to blood pressure phenotypes and other metric measurements such as height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and 4 skinfold measurements. A higher correlation for almost all sets of anthropometric variables with blood pressure was found among the offspring generation as compared with the parental and grandparental generations. The study confirmed that the familial aggregation of blood pressure with respect to anthropometric measurements is strong in the offspring generation. The findings suggest that sharing a household environment has a significant effect on familial aggregation especially for systolic blood pressure.
A Cross-sectional Study on Posttraumatic Impact Among Qiang Women in Maoxian County 1 Year After the Wenchuan Earthquake, China
Authors: Liu Zhiyue , Zeng Ziqian , Xiang Yingjun , Hou Fengsu , Li Juan , Li Ting , Hu Xiaoqing , Ping Yuan
Published: February 2012

The authors sought to examine the posttraumatic impact among Qiang women aged 18 years or older in 2 villages of Maoxian county 1 year after the Wenchuan earthquake and determined the variables associated with mental health status and posttraumatic symptoms for further psychological interventions. They interviewed 270 Qiang women. Psychological health status was assessed using the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12). Posttraumatic symptoms were assessed using the Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R), Chinese version. The results showed that 141 (52.2%) of the participants had psychological problems. The widowed and those who witnessed casualty scored higher on the CHQ-12. Among those surveyed, 100 (37.0%) women’s mean intrusion subscale scores were ≥2; for 71 (26.3%) women, the mean avoidance score was ≥2; and for 88 (32.6%), the mean hyperarousal score was ≥2. Also, 23 (8.5%) women had scores ≥2 on all the 3 subscales. Those who had no job, were injured, and had witnessed casualties scored higher on each subscale of the IES-R.
Socioeconomic Correlates of Reproductive Morbidity Among Adolescent Girls in Sikkim, India
Authors: Mishra Shailendra Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Susmita
Published: February 2012

The present study investigates the prevalence of reproductive health morbidities, treatment-seeking behavior, and its association with sociodemographic correlates among unmarried and married adolescent girls of Sikkim. The study sample includes 1250 adolescent girls randomly selected from both urban and rural blocks of the State. Information on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, prevalence of reproductive health morbidities, and treatment-seeking behavior was collected using standard pretested questionnaires. Results of the study indicate that the prevalence of reproductive health morbidities among both married and unmarried girls is quite high. Age, media exposure, and economic status emerged as significant correlates of treatment-seeking practices among both married and unmarried girls. High prevalence of reproductive health morbidity in this vulnerable group, particularly in rural settings, requires urgent intervention of health planners. This study reinforces an indirect and mediatory role of socioeconomic and demographic factors in the prevalence of reproductive health morbidities and associated treatment-seeking behaviors.
Organizational Collaborative Capacity in Fighting Pandemic Crises
Authors: Lai Allen Y.
Published: February 2012

Collaborative capacity serves for organizations as the capacity to collaborate with other network players. Organizational capacity matters as collaboration outcomes usually go beyond single-shot implementation efforts or a single-minded focus on either the vertical dimension of program or the horizontal component. This review article explores organizational collaborative capacities from the perspective of public management, in particular, network theory. By applying the 5 attributes of network theory—interdependence, membership, resources, information, and learning—to the explanation of collaborative capacity in fighting pandemic crises, I argue in some ways organizational collaborative capacity is very much like an organization in its own right. Studying collaborative capacity in the battle against pandemics facilitate our understanding of multisectoral collaboration in technical, political, and institutional dimensions, and greatly advances the richness of capacity vocabulary in pandemic response and preparedness.
Knowledge and Practices Regarding Animal Bite Management and Rabies Prophylaxis Among Doctors in Delhi, India
Authors: Garg Ankur , Kumar Rajesh , Ingle Gopal Krishan
Published: February 2012

It was envisaged to study the knowledge and practices of doctors regarding management of animal bites and rabies. By dividing Delhi into 5 geographic zones, a representative sample of doctors was selected from government hospitals, dispensaries, and private settings. Many gaps were seen in the knowledge and practices of doctors regarding animal bite management. Less than half were aware of the intradermal rabies prophylaxis schedule (39.1%), site (42.2%), and dose (48.4%). The majority (81.4%) knew of the postexposure schedule in unimmunized patients. However, only 40.4% knew of the postexposure schedule in previously immunized patients, and 47.8% knew of the preexposure prophylaxis schedule. Government doctors had significantly better knowledge than private doctors with respect to the postexposure intramuscular schedule in unimmunized individuals, intramuscular site, dose, and classification of animal bites. There is a need for doctors in all health care settings to update their knowledge on different aspects related to animal bite management.
Virtual Team Meetings
Authors: Bull Schaefer Rebecca A. , Erskine Laura
Published: February 2012

Students find that choosing the appropriate technology for a virtual team meeting is not as simple as it first appears. The authors describe a class exercise used to demonstrate the benefits and drawbacks of using virtual team meetings by requiring students to replace a face-to-face meeting with a virtual meeting. The exercise challenged students’ assumptions about the ease of meeting virtually, and groups learned how to choose technology with capabilities appropriate for their meeting objectives. After reviewing the literature concerning the effectiveness of virtual work teams and technology choice, the authors describe the objectives of the class exercise, the context and content of the exercise, and classroom reflections. Finally, they review the benefits and limitations of this experiential exercise and advise instructors who see an opportunity to incorporate virtual team meetings within different management courses.
Cross-Reactivity of Various Thrombin Products With Anti-Rabbit Antibodies to Bovine, Human, and Recombinant Thrombin
Authors: Sadeghi Nasir , Zhu He , Setty Saayi Krushna Gadham , Cunanan Josephine , Hoppensteadt Debra , Fareed Jawed
Published: February 2012

JMI-thrombin is used as topical hemostatic agent. While earlier clinically available JMI were reported to produce immunologic responses upon repeated exposure, the improved JMI, Recothrom?, and Evithrom? are claimed to be less immunogenic. Recothrom, despite its reduced immunogenic nature, upon repeated administration may result in the generation of antibodies (Abs) and that may cross react with bovine and human thrombin. Therefore, groups of rabbits were challenged repeatedly with Recothrom, Evithrom, and JMI over a 9-month period. Pre-immune blood and antiserum were collected from each rabbit on different time point. To determine their relative cross reactivity, JMI, Recothrom, and Evithrom were evaluated by western blotting using the rabbit IgG fractions. The results suggest that anti-Recothrom Abs cross-react with Evithrom and JMI in a time dependent fashion. Anti-JMI Abs did not cross-react with Recothrom, and Evithrom. Also, anti-Evithrom did not show any cross-reactivity with Recothrom and JMI at any time.
Timing and Perioperative Risk Factors for In-Hospital and Post-Discharge Venous Thromboembolism After Colorectal Cancer Resection
Authors: Davenport Daniel L. , Vargas H. David , Kasten Michael W. , Xenos Eleftherios S.
Published: February 2012

Introduction: We postulated that the risk of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) may persist after discharge and tested this hypothesis in patients undergoing colorectal resection for cancer. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients undergoing colorectal resections for cancer from 2005 to 2009. The outcome analyzed was a 30-day deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE). Multivariable forward stepwise regression was used to identify independent predictors of VTE. Results: The database contained 21 943 colorectal cancer resections. The 30-day DVT rate was 1.4% (306 of 21 943), 29% (89 of 306) were diagnosed post-discharge. The 30-day PE rate was 0.8% (180 of 21 943), 33% (60 of 180) was diagnosed post-discharge, the combined DVT/PE rate was 2.0% (446 of 21 943). The median time to diagnosis of VTE was 9 days (interquartile range 4-16) after surgery. Post-discharge VTE rates in patients with length of stay (LOS) less than 1 week (0.6%) were similar to patients with LOS greater than 1 week (0.7%, Fisher exact P not significant). Independent risk factors for post-discharge VTE were preoperative steroid use for chronic condition (odds ratio [OR] 2.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51-5.57, P = .001) and preoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.24-4.10, P = .008). Conclusions: Diagnosis of almost one third of postoperative VTE in this patient population occurred after discharge. The duration of the prothrombotic stimulus of surgery is not well defined, and patients with malignancy are at high risk of VTE; thromboprophylaxis after discharge should be considered for these patients.
Enoxaparin Dosing After Discharge From US Hospitals in Patients With Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Wright Robert , Kawabata Hugh , Pan Xianying , Simon Teresa A. , Ramacciotti Eduardo
Published: February 2012

Background: Prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism after total knee replacement (TKR) is standard of care. Two enoxaparin regimens are approved for thromboprophylaxis, one in the United States (30 mg twice daily [bid]) and another in the rest of the world (40 mg once daily [qd]). Data on frequency of utilization of these 2 regimens at discharge from US hospitals after TKR are not available. Methods: We conducted a retrospective/descriptive analysis of the PharMetrics claims database to estimate the frequency of utilization of enoxaparin 40 mg qd compared to 30 mg bid after discharge for TKR from US hospitals. Results: Of the 44 552 TKR patients identified, 7198 had an outpatient claim for enoxaparin within 14 days postoperatively. The 40 mg strength of enoxaparin was prescribed more commonly (~51%) than the 30 mg strength (~46%). Conclusions: Enoxaparin 40 mg qd is prescribed in approximately the same proportion of patients as the current Food and Drug Administration–approved regimen of 30 mg bid.
Help Wanted 2010
Authors: Wenger Deb Halpern , Owens Lynn C.
Published: February 2012

A revolution in delivery methods for news and information has created an urgent need for journalism educators to define critical skills for success in the profession. A content analysis was conducted over three-month periods in 2008 and 2009 for all employment opportunities posted by the top ten American newspaper and broadcast journalism companies. More than fourteen hundred postings were coded to determine the most desirable skills and attributes for job candidates. Researchers identified important changes from year to year, including an increased emphasis on Web/multimedia skills for broadcast newsrooms and the emergence of social media and mobile content delivery as desired skills.
Examining Education and Newsroom Work Experience as Predictors of Communication Students’ Perceptions of Journalism Ethics
Authors: Detenber Benjamin H. , Cenite Mark , Malik Shelly , Neo Rachel L.
Published: February 2012

This study examines education and work experience in newsrooms as predictors of ethical perceptions among communication undergraduates at a large Singaporean university ( N = 826). Results indicate that education is associated with ethical ideologies, perceived importance of journalism ethics codes, justifiability of using contentious news gathering methods, and concern towards journalistic plagiarism and fabrication. However, in this context, education is not a significant predictor of agreement with ethical principles or support for sanctions against journalistic plagiarism and fabrication. Ethical ideologies (idealism and relativism) are associated with ethical principles and the degree to which using contentious news gathering methods is justifiable. Work experience in newsrooms is associated with perceived justifiability of using contentious news-gathering methods but not with ethical ideologies. The pattern of results was not entirely as predicted and may be a function of the way journalism is practiced and perceived in Singapore.
Searching for the Core of Journalism Education
Authors: Blom Robin , Davenport Lucinda D.
Published: February 2012

To carry out their mission of preparing students to be successful journalism professionals, educators make important decisions on the core curriculum: the common courses that all journalism students must take to graduate, no matter their area of emphasis or academic constraints. This national study of U.S. journalism program directors shows they agreed that training in writing and reporting is still considered the bedrock of journalism and that knowledge about visual communication has become an increasing priority. After that, however, these respondents disagreed on which specific courses take precedence for all journalism students. The authors offer several hypothetical models of core curricula.
Spontaneous pneumothorax in 35 cats (2001–2010)
Authors: Mooney Erin T , Rozanski Elizabeth A , King Ryan GP , Sharp Claire R
Published: February 2012

Thirty-five cases of spontaneous pneumothorax were reviewed. In contrast to dogs, cats with an established etiology all had spontaneous pneumothorax associated with lung disease. Underlying diseases identified in affected cats included inflammatory airway disease, neoplasia, heartworm infection, pulmonary abscess and lungworm infection. Many cats were managed successfully with observation alone or needle thoracocentesis and specific therapy for their primary lung disease. Cats who present with spontaneous pneumothorax may be treated successfully with non-surgical therapies and appear to have a better prognosis than previously extrapolated from canine studies.
Amplifications of learning
Authors: Squire Kurt , Dikkers Seann
Published: February 2012

Smart mobile devices like the iPhone, Android, Kindle Fire, and iPad have energized educators’ interest in using mobile media for education. Applications from clickers to games to augmented reality game creation software are thriving in research settings, and in some cases schools, but relatively little is known about how youth use such devices for learning outside of school. This research study seeks to add to the research literature detailing the technological affordances of such devices by using a Social Construction of Technology (or SCOT) approach, to see how one user group – adolescents – construct the technology particularly in regards to learning. It employs a design intervention approach in which we gave fully operational iPhones with unlimited data plans to three cohorts of youth to use throughout the day. Participants included homeschooled students, students enrolled in alternative schools, and students at a conventional American high school. Participants strongly valued these devices for learning, and constructed them as personalized devices for amplifying learning, specifically through amplifying access to information, social networks, and ability to participate in the world. Access to mobile devices was deeply tied to personal power for these youth, as they were able to function more effectively to meet their goals with employers, teachers, and peers. Although they destabilized relationships, they caused almost no friction, and instead, parents, teachers, and peers reported valuing how youth could participate more fully in the world. The article concludes with implications for how educators and software designers might best capitalize on these social affordances when designing for mobile-enabled classrooms.
Searching for acceptance: Prejudice expectations direct attention towards social acceptance cues when under a promotion focus
Authors: Ståhl Tomas , van Laar Colette , Ellemers Naomi , Derks Belle
Published: February 2012

Prejudice expectations and other interpersonal rejection concerns have been found to direct attention towards social evaluative information. In some studies, rejection concerns have been found to direct attention towards social acceptance cues, whereas other studies have found an attention bias towards social rejection cues. In the present article we argue that these attention biases constitute promotion- (vs. prevention-) oriented strategies to deal with concerns about how one is evaluated. In support of this notion, a first study demonstrated that prejudice expectations direct attention towards male faces signaling happiness (vs. contempt) among women with a chronic promotion focus, but not among women with a chronic prevention focus. A second study demonstrated that the effect generalizes to subliminally presented acceptance-related (vs. nonsocial, sexist) words, and when a promotion (vs. prevention) focus had been experimentally induced. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Effect of polypropylene fibre on flexural properties of concrete composites containing fly ash and silica fume
Authors: Zhang P , Li Q , Sun Z
Published: February 2012

The application of fly ash and silica fume in concrete composites by blending synchronously can improve the mechanical properties of concrete composites. However, the concrete composite becomes much brittle with the usage of fly ash and silica fume. Polypropylene fibre is often used to improve the ductility of concrete composites. This article discusses the effect of polypropylene fibre on the flexural properties of concrete composites containing fly ash and silica fume. Results reveal that the addition of polypropylene fibre can increase the flexural strength and decrease the flexural modulus of elasticity of the concrete composite containing fly ash and silica fume evidently. Furthermore, it is indicated that an increase in the fibre volume fraction leads to an increase in the flexural strength and a decrease in the flexural modulus of elasticity when the fibre volume fraction is not beyond 0.12 per cent. Polypropylene fibre seems to play an important role to improve the ductility of concrete composites containing fly ash and silica fume.
Storying qualitative longitudinal research: sequence, voice and motif
Authors: Henderson Sheila , Holland Janet , McGrellis Sheena , Sharpe Sue , Thomson Rachel
Published: February 2012

We suggest here that the analysis, interpretation and representation of qualitative longitudinal (QL) data requires methodological innovation leading to new forms of representation that elude the usual temporality of writing research. To illustrate this argument, we outline a case history method-in-process developed to condense intensive volumes of biographical data generated over 12 years, and deal with the intersection of different timescapes through which individuals move (biographical, generational, historical). We describe changing strategies for managing, analysing and representing data employed by the Inventing Adulthoods team, examining our practice in the light of key methodological issues raised by qualitative longitudinal research (QLR) and making that reflexive and collective research practice explicit.
Timescapes secondary analysis: comparison, context and working across data sets
Authors: Irwin Sarah , Bornat Joanna , Winterton Mandy
Published: February 2012

The article illustrates some of the strategies we are developing in the secondary analysis of Timescapes data and seeks to draw some general lessons for qualitative data analysts. We focus on three different areas of work. Across all of these we examine the potential explanatory value of working with data in a comparative way, and engage with some challenges presented by contextual specificity in the way qualitative data are generated. In the first area we consider the issue of how we situate qualitative data with reference to diversity across the population, and use an example of working between a single qualitative Timescapes data set and survey data. Understanding how qualitative data are situated offers a framework for internal comparison which maps onto wider diversity. In the second area we consider the outcome of bringing together primary researchers whose comparison of project data, as secondary analysts, allow them to ‘hear silences’ and, therefore, re-interrogate their own data within a revised conceptual framework. In the third area we describe how, as secondary analysts, we have worked across Timescapes data sets. Here we consider the challenges of undertaking secondary analysis across diverse, project specific, research contexts, and the potential of comparative working across data sets for enhancing understanding.