bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light intensity, blood fraction, fasting and storage time affect blood biochemical metabolites in broiler chickens
Authors: Wachholz Lucas , Genova Jansller Luiz , Polese Clauber , Broch Jomara , Savaris Vaneila Daniele Lenhart , Köhler Tânia Luiza , Eyng Cinthia , Rohloff Junior Nilton , Tsutsumi Claudio Yuji , Nunes Ricardo Vianna
Published: January 2024

We determined the impacts of light intensity, blood fraction, fasting and storage time on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations in 140 broiler chickens assigned to two light intensities (5 or 20 lux/m²) and seven fasting times (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h). The collected blood was fractionated into serum or plasma and stored at -20°C for 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 days. Serum glucose concentrations declined linearly by 1.15 mg dL-1 every 2 h of fasting, whereas plasma glucose responded quadratically (minimum point at 8 h and 13 min of fasting). Serum ALT concentrations showed a quadratic effect, with a maximum point at 3 h and 46 min of fasting. Serum GGT concentrations were not influenced by fasting time, whereas plasma decreased by 1.60 IU L-1 at each 2 h of fasting. The AST concentrations were influenced by fasting. Storage times influenced the glucose concentrations in a quadratic manner, with maximum points in serum and plasma at 95 and 72 days, respectively. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations increased linearly with storage time. Storage time caused a quadratic response on serum ALT, with a maximum point at 32 days, whereas there was a minimum point at 93 days in plasma. Concentrations of GGT increased linearly with storage. Glucose, triglycerides, AST, and ALT concentrations were highest at 20 lux. Samples for AST analysis can be stored up to 120 days at -20°C. Serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT, and GGT analysis is indicated with a 6 h fasting time, without freezing. The light intensity should be specified.
Extent of Achieving KDOQI Targets For hemodialysis Adequacy in Libyan dialysis patients: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: S. Ayad Khairi , S. Shaibani , Badreddin , A. Rahouma Zaynab , A. Elmelowdi Marwa , M. Abualqumsaan Ibrahim , Smaida4, Faraj A.Tamtum Amina , M. Salama , Huda , M.Alborki Malak , K. Aboalgasem Mohamed , Mahmoud Asma , S.Alhabry Asma , Asbak Najah , A. Bobaker , Hana
Published: January 2024

Dialysis is a therapy to maintain the lives of end stage renal disease patients (ESRD), and the adequacy of hemodialysis is essential as it can improve patient’s survival, quality of life and biochemical profiles. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of achieving Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) targets for dialysis adequacy, haemoglobin level, mineral bone disorders and nutritional status among hemodialysis patients. patients and method: This study was carried out on 286 regular haemodialysis adult patients from eleven hemodialysis centers in Libya. Patients subjected to BMI calculations. Blood samples collected for complete blood count, serum albumin, blood urea pre and post dialysis session, serum creatinine, total serum calcium, serum phosphate, serum alkaline phosphatase, C reactive protein, and serum iPTH levels. Targets measures based on the KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines. Result: Mean Kt/V was 1.31±0.40.only 174 (60.84%) patients had adequate dialysis dose (Kt/V>1.2). Mean iPTH was 490.08±694.7. According to the KDOQI, guideline 19.2% of the patients was within the target range for parathormone level. 26.92 % of studied patients had a haemoglobin level of 11gm/dl or more. Mean serum albumin is 3.81±0.64, hypoalbuminemia (albumin <3.5g/dl) was in 27.98% of studied patients. Conclusion: According to KDOQI guidelines 39.16% of the studied patients did not achieve the target dose for adequate clearance, 73.08% did not achieve the target haemoglobin level; and, only 19.2% of the studied patients were within the target range for parathyroid hormone level. According to BMI as nutritional markers, 14.0% of studied patients were underweight and 27.98% were with serum albumin below (3.5 g/dl).
The effect of Blood Groups on infection with the Covid-19 Virus in Al-Zawia Region
Authors: Halila Shokri , Taweel Abdulali
Published: January 2024

COVID-19 is the disease caused by a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. This study carried out on a number of 114 respondents (who got infected with the COVID-19 disease and recovered, as the number of females    was about 56, or 49%, and the number of males was 58, or 51%, the mean age was 44 years old).  The study was conducted in the Zawia area to reveal the blood groups and its effect on infection with the Coronavirus, Covid-19. The current research shows a strong relationship between some diseases and infection of Coronavirus. On the other hand, the most blood group respondents were A and O with a number of 45     for both. In addition, the largest number of respondents was employees with 30 patients followed by teachers with 26 respondents. Most respondents got simple Pain and the largest number was 30 patients with A blood group followed by O blood group. The majority of respondents generally feel that they are in good health. The respondents had several diseases of the era, such as blood pressure disease, where the number of people with high blood pressure was 18, or 16%. The periods of infection differed among the respondents, as the number of respondents whose period of infection with this disease lasted for a week was 22, or 19%, while the respondents whose period of infection with this disease lasted for two weeks was 19, or 17%. The relationship between blood groups and corona disease, Crosstabs Tests were conducted between blood groups and the period     of infection. The study noted that the value of sig = 0.369, and this indicates that the two characteristics are not independent, that is, there     is a relationship between blood groups and the period of infection, as well as with the same test to find the relationship between blood groups Blood and the effect of infection caused by this disease.
The impact of adding fentanyl to bupivacaine on spinal anesthesia for caesarean
Authors: Rajab Alnaeli Ghada , A Hwisa Sara , Ramadan Imbark Aja Aboajela j , Ali Omar Alhuwayj Kareemah , Ali Etomy Elmaggoze Salaheddin
Published: January 2024

Background and aim: A spinal block is commonly used procedure for cesarean section surgery worldwide. It involves injecting fentanyl, an opioid, into the spinal fluid to enhance and prolong the analgesic effects of spinal anesthesia. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding fentanyl to intrathecal bupivacaine for caesarean section on the duration and quality of analgesia and the reduction of local anesthetic dose requirement. Methods: This study compared the effects of two types of spinal anesthesia in women who had caesarean deliveries, as one group received both fentanyl and bupivacaine while the other group received only bupivacaine. Results: a significant differences in the duration of analgesia between the two groups (P-value = 0.02) was determined. The mean duration of analgesia in the bupivacaine only received group was (3:43) hours, while in the bupivacaine and fentanyl group was (5:2) hours. The pain relief also started faster for the group that received Bupivacaine and fentanyl than for the group that received only Bupivacaine. Conclusion: Fentanyl, when added to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in cesarean section surgery, enhances the duration of sensory and motor block and prolongs the postoperative analgesia.
Menganalisis Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Berbasis Platform Moodle Pasca Covid-19 (Sebuah Kajian: Systematic Literature Review)
Authors: Krisnayanti IGA Ayu Anggela Heni , Herliyani Elly , Agustini Ketut , Sudatha I Gede Wawan
Published: January 2024

Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris pasca COVID-19 dilakukan secara daring atau online. LMS moodle salah satu lms yang gemar digunakan oleh lembaga pendidikan, karena akses gratis, keamanan kemampuan pengamatan proses pembelajaran, data statistic pencapaian hasil belajar siswa dapat diakses secara otomatis, penyimpanan jangka panjang merupakan beberapa kelebihan yang dimiliki moodle sebagai pendukung proses belajar bahasa inggris. Pada penelitian ini menganalisis pembelajaran bahasa inggris berbasis moodle dengan metode SLR (Systematic Literature Review). Dengan melakukan pencarian database secara sistematis, mulai dari tahun 2019-2023 dengan total artikel yang diperoleh 178. Dengan panduan PRISMA seluruh artikel diproses screening didapatkan 16 artikel yang memenuhi Research Question (RQ) yang telah peneliti rumuskan. Dari hasil analisis berdasarkan dua RQ didapatkan hasil bahwa (1) penggunaan moodle dalam pembelajaran bahasa inggris efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran; (2) penggunaan moodle dalam pembelajaran bahasa inggris menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan meningkat, untuk meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa inggris, serta sebagai alat bantu dalam pembelajaran bahasa inggris.
In-silico Prediction of Azadirachta indica Compounds as Potential Therapeutic Inhibitor of Lysyl Oxidase to Suppress Canine Mammary Tumor Proliferation
Authors: Farhan Mehroz , Saif Rashid , Anjum Iram
Published: January 2024

Canine mammary tumor (CMT) is one of the leading causes of death in female dogs, mainly due to the unavailability/expensive treatment, adverse and untargeted nature of the contemporary therapeutics. Objectives: To discover a biological mediator from the Azadirachta indica extracts by targeting Lysyl Oxidase (LOX), which is one of the enzymes responsible for accelerating the development of tumors and altering cellular microenvironment in mammals is considered to be suitable targets for anti-cancerous drugs.
Methods: Current study utilized computer-aided drug designing (CADD) to investigate 33 phytocompounds derived from this plant to check their potential inhibition properties against LOX protein. The phytochemicals were docked onto the protein and the ligands with the lowest binding energies were evaluated over the several parameters using PyRx software. Molecular dynamic simulation was also performed to further investigate the stability and conformational changes of the resultant ligand-protein complex by analyzing RMSD & RMSF values, H-bond graphs and Heat maps through VMD/NAMD softwares. Results: The results revealed that Azadirachtin to be the most pertinent agent in LOX inhibition with a docking score of -12.6 kcal/mol and showed promising in-silico stability as well. Drug likeliness potential was further assessed based on Lipinski’s rule of five which reflect the safer nature of this drug agent. Conclusions: Moreover, wet-lab in-vitro experiments followed by clinical trials are still needed to attest the validity of this virtually piloted phytocompound against LOX protein for CMT cure.
Detection of Cotton Leaf Curl Disease using Betasatellite-based Molecular Marker
Authors: Sohail Meer Umer
Published: January 2024

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) caused by whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses has hampered cotton production across the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan and northeastern India. Eight species of begomoviruses in association with a single betasatellite “Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB)” have been reported to cause CLCuD. Objective: To detect early and efficiently Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) using betasatellite-based molecular marker. Methods: 3-7 samples leaves were collected from symptomatic cotton fields in selected five areas of cotton production in Pakistan. Total DNA was extracted from collected leaves using the Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Primers were designed by MUSCLE alignment tool and target region was amplified by PCR and amplification confirmed by performing gel electrophoresis. After DNA sequencing Phylogenetic analysis of the was carried out using software MEGA-X. Results: Amplified target region of483bp was observed by running 1% agarose gel. Comparison of DNA sequences revealed two nucleotide substitutions in DNA sequence from samples collected from Multan, Sakrand, Rahim Yar Khan and, while four nucleotide substations in sample collected from Vehari. High nucleotide substation in DNA sequence from Vehari as compared to other regions. Conclusions: In conclusion all of eight distinct begomoviruses causing CLCuD with CLCuMB is indicative of the fact that CLCuMB based molecular marker can be developed for detection of the disease. Early detection of disease will help the breeders and farmers to manage the disease.
Synthesis and Characterization of Mercury Complex Derived from Trimesic Acid
Authors: Shah Javed Hussain , Sharif Shahzad , Rehman Rashid , Arooj Anum
Published: January 2024

The effects of mercury complexes on human body and cells vary depending on the extent of exposure and their pharmacological form. Objectives: To characterize mercury complex and then investigate the effects on cellular interaction via cell death. Methods: The synthesis of the mercury complex was carried out, and its characterization was done by FTIR, elemental percentage and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The complex was analyzed through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by microscopy imaging its surface morphology and cellular interaction were also studied. Results: The presence of the mercury-complex results in cell death in concentration and time dependent manner. Conclusions: The synthesized mercury-complex has the ability to harm cells.
Comparison of Extraction Techniques for Pectin from Kinnow Peel by using Convectional, Sonication, and Thermo-Sonication Techniques
Authors: Sajid Talha , Hassan Farazia , Khalid Muhammad Umair , Mumtaz Muhammad Soban , Quddoos Muhammad Yousaf , Mahmood Shahid , Firdos Nida , Raza Muhammad Siddique , Batool Rida , Irshad Iqra , Rafique Ayesha
Published: January 2024

Kinnow is a species of citrus family. Pectin has been declared as a safe substance. However, conventional methods are practiced in some industries for pectin extraction from citrus peel. Innovative techniques like ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), sonication, and thermos-sonication may play a vital role in increasing the yield of pectin from peels of citrus. Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis of Kinnow peel pectin extracted through conventional, Sonication, and Thermosonication techniques. Methods: For this purpose raw materials (Kinnow) purchased from the local market of Faisalabad, Kinnow peels were dried and made into fine powder. This fine powder is used further to extract pectin by conventional, sonication and thermos-sonication extraction methods. Results: Different qualitative analyses of pectin like solubility of dry pectin in cold and hot water, and solubility in cold and hot alkali, pH, pectin color, quantitative analysis of pectins like yield and equivalent weight, and methoxyl content. During pectin testing, thermos-sonication techniques proved their excellence. Among all treatments during analysis, Moreover, thermos-sonication was found to be the best extraction technique among all treatments. The yield is maximum (15.55%) through thermo-sonicated extracted samples. The highest value of equivalent weight (345±13.08) was seen in the thermos-sonication-treated sample. The upper limit (5.33±0.12) of methoxyl content was held by thermos-sonication-treated samples. Pectin’s capacity to bind sugar and spreading quality increases with increasing methoxyl content. Conclusions: It was concluded that the best extraction method of pectin is the thermos-sonication method for better qualitative and quantitative output.
Effects of Reproductive Hormones in Dairy Farm Animals
Authors: Javed Maria , Mazhar Maham , Hayat Sikandar , Abbas Tahir Muhammad Asif
Published: January 2024

Reproductive hormones are utilized in the dairy industry all over the world to improve reproductive effectiveness and, as a result, dairy cow lifespan. The management system of a farm, especially the sort of calving pattern adopted, appears to be a major determinant of variation between countries. The use of pharmaceutical goods like reproductive hormones and antibiotics in animal husbandry, notably dairy production, has been investigated in the recent decade. Consumer concern about food safety, as well as examples of pharmaceutical product misuse, has led to widespread suspicion about using antimicrobials and hormones in industrial agriculture. Hormones aren't involved in the development of resistant bacteria, yet customers are concerned about hormone residues in animal products. One of the most significant aspects of public perception in dairy farming is food safety. Despite their lack of fundamental understanding of the dairy sector, the public is concerned about using reproductive hormones in modern farming, despite the dearth of information regarding their detrimental consequences. On dairy farmed animals, we looked at the effects of oxytocin, progesterone, and prostaglandin. These reproductive hormones are used in milking animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats to boost milk production, reproductive rate, and developmental processes.
Microbial and Parasitic Infection in Fish
Authors: Kanwal Saira , Noureen Asma , Hayat Sikandar , Tahir Muhammad Asif Abbas , Mahmood Sajid , Suleman Shahid
Published: January 2024

Major concerns in the fisheries business are parasitic fish and bacterial infections. When it comes to aquatic life microbes are a regular occurrence. The majority of microbes are naturally occurring in water. Because of poor environmental conditions, limited nutrition, and inefficient fish husbandry practices, they only cause diseases. Some microbial infections occur in fresh water fish (Pseudomonas infection, Acinetobacter infections, bacterial gill diseases), in marine water (Vibriosis, Tenacibaculosis, streptococcal infections, bacterial skin diseases) and in brackish water (Red sea bream iridoviral disease (RSID, Lymphocystis disease (LCD). All these infections affect fish differently. Parasitic illnesses can cause epidemics in fish that are overcrowded or under other unnatural situations. A large number of fish species have been severely impacted by parasite and bacterial species. Some parasitic infections of fresh water are Renal Sphaerosporosis, due to leeches and nematodes, isopods and Gill Monogeneans; in amarine water are Microsporidiosis, Cryptocaryonosis and Brooklynelliosis and in brackish water are Diplostomum spathaceum metacercarial infections. Some preventive actions are done to control this problem. In this review there is a complete detail about parasite and bacterial infections and how they can be prevented.
Mitigating the Harmful Impacts of Industrial Effluents; The Potential of Biological Treatment Techniques
Authors: Niamat Humaira , Yasmeen Roheela , Mustafa Muhammad Danyal , Zahid Muhammad Abdullah , Noor Zainab , Abbas Jaweria
Published: January 2024

The leather and chemical industries produce a large volume of effluents that contain harmful chemicals, heavy metals, and nutrients. These effluents contribute to pollution and have adverse effects on the environment, aquatic life, animals, and humans. To mitigate these effects, biological techniques such as degradation via algae, fungi, and bacteria have been implemented for the treatment of these effluents. The article discusses the harmful impacts of these industrial effluents and the potential of biological treatment methods to address them. The chemical industry generates effluent containing toxic, carcinogenic, and mostly non-biodegradable chemicals, leading to acute and chronic health effects. Similarly, leather industry generates heavy metals and toxic compounds in effluents that are discharged into aquatic life such as rivers, ponds and streams without further treatment. They have massive chronic effect on primarily them and ultimately up in the food chain. Various bioremediation techniques such as bio augmentation involving multiple microbes like bacteria, fungi and algae have and can be used to treat such effluents biologically and eco-friendly. Chromium (III) and chromium (VI) can be treated effectively only by such techniques. Furthermore, SBR technique and its multiple variants are applied for treatment of potentially toxic chemicals present in chemical industrial effluent. All such techniques provide strong biological substitution to prevalent physical or chemical methods of remediation.
Conscience of Science: Ethical Imperatives in Zoological Research
Authors: Manzoor Farkhanda
Published: January 2024

Zoological science is an intricate field which requires intimate considerations and guidelines to make sure that limits and boundaries are set for the ethical and humane conduction of research. A number of bioethical laws and international conventions have been designed by bioethical and committees and review boards that serve as moral compass steering towards responsible and humane scientific research. Animal Welfare Act (AWA) sets standards for the responsible treatment of animals in research, transport, exhibition and animal dealers, handling and research protocols, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals that is published by National research Council of Unites States provides a framework for the proper use and optimal care of animals for in vivo research in laboratory experiments [1]. Similarly, European Union Directive 2010/63/EU is a directive which outlines the standards for the animal protection used for research purposes in the Europe. It states 3Rs of animal testing i.e., Refinement, Reduction and Replacement, and necessitates that researchers consider alternatives before resorting to the animal experiments. An elaborate directive, Declaration of Helsinki, primarily focuses on human research ethics but has principle related o animal research ethics as well [2]. Likewise, another Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora also called as CITES, deals with the trade of endangered animals ensuring that any research which involves endangered species is conducted ethically with proper permits and prevents illegal and unethical exploitation of animals [3]. Last but not the least, the ARRIVE guidelines provide a checklist of essential information which must be included while publishing the research data which describes animal experiments, promotes transparency and improve the quality of reporting in the animal research. The current global conditions necessitate ethical consciousness in zoological research. These considerations extend beyond laboratory settings and encompass wildlife conservation and the prevention of zoonotic diseases such as COVID-19. Innovations in non-invasive research methods, genetic analyses, and data-driven insights pave the way for more ethical and efficient scientific practices. Ethical consciousness aligning with the pursuit of knowledge nurtures a landscape where wonder of discovery and the ethical treatment of animals walk hand in hand.
Knowledge of Nurses Regarding Tracheostomy Care in Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi
Authors: Ali Rizwan , Shaikh Muhammad Hasnain , Bibi Afsha , Khan Nasar
Published: January 2024

Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure in which a surgical opening, called a tracheostomy or stoma, is created in the front of the neck into the trachea (windpipe). This opening provides an alternative airway for breathing when the normal route through the nose and mouth is obstructed or compromised. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of staff nurses regarding tracheostomy care in Tertiary Care Hospitals in Karachi. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi. Fifty participants were recruited through a convenient sampling method. The data were collected from the fifty male and female participants aged 18-50 years old of staff nurses working in the tertiary care hospital. The adopted questionnaire was used for the data collection. Results: The result reveals that 60% were female and 40% were male. Moreover, most nurses 60% had unsatisfactory and 40% had satisfactory knowledge regarding tracheostomy care. Conclusions: This shows a need for additional education and training to enhance nurses' general knowledge and proficiency in delivering the best care for patients with tracheostomies. By filling in this information gap, we can improve patient outcomes and lower the chance of problems from tracheostomy care.
Knowledge of Nurses Regarding Airway Suctioning in Tertiary Care Karachi Pakistan
Authors: Shaikh Muhammad Hasnain , Bibi Afshan , Ali Rizwan , Shaista . , Rehman Sunita
Published: January 2024

Proper suctioning is too essential to clear the patient's airway. Nurses should have correct knowledge regarding proper suctioning according to current recommendations to prevent complications. Objective: To assess nurses' knowledge regarding proper suctioning for adult patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. A 50 males and females were selected through convenient sampling by using a cross-sectional study. A self-made questionnaire was used for the data collection. Results: The study findings revealed that 50 participants participated, of which 60% were male and 40% were female. The findings also show that 40% had poor knowledge, 20 had moderate and 40% had high knowledge regarding g airway suctioning. Conclusions: Specifically, 40% of the staff demonstrated poor knowledge, 20% had moderate knowledge, and 40% exhibited a high level of knowledge concerning airway suctioning techniques. Further training and educational interventions may be necessary to improve the overall knowledge and standardize proper suctioning practices among the nurses in the hospital.
Barriers in Clinical Decision-Making among Staff Nurses at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shehzad Memoona , Farooq Qandeel , Waris Kiran , Fatima Mahnoor , Rehan Anam , Sarwar Oreeba
Published: January 2024

Clinical decision-making is a continuous and changing process in which information is collected, clarified, and assessed. Barriers that affect decision-making ability of nurses in health care setting include occupational, environmental, organizational and lack of professional skills. Objective: To identify barriers in clinical decision-making among staff nurses. Methods: The descriptive quantitative study was carried out at Mayo hospital to assess barriers in clinical decision-making among staff nurses. The study consisted of 109 staff nurses selected conveniently. Data were collected by using self-modified questionnaire consisted of 15 items. This study was conducted in Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Results: 46% staff nurses have more professional experience when make challenging decision. 55%nurses agreed on emotional intelligence. 50% nurses agreed on supportive behavior.44% staff nurses agree that time management affect their decision-making and 37% staff nurses agreed that their decision-making is a deliberative logical process. Conclusions: Majority of staff nurses agreed about the barriers like professional experience, emotional intelligence, time management, organizational support and professional skills affecting their decision making.
The Role of Telehealth in Transforming Nursing Care: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Badil .
Published: January 2024

The global healthcare sector is experiencing significant transitions, with the emergence of telehealth into the nursing profession at the cutting edge of this development. The emergence of telehealth technology has not only changed the way healthcare is administered, but it has also given nursing practitioners with new potential and difficulties. Telehealth has eliminated geographical restrictions, allowing nurses to remotely supervise and care for patients in the privacy of their own homes. This interdependence provides real-time health evaluations, rapid treatments, and ongoing patient interaction possible. Nurses can reach underprivileged groups by using the potential of telehealth, making healthcare more accessible and inclusive than ever before [1]. 

The use of telehealth technologies improves nursing operations, lowering administrative hassles and allowing for more effective resource utilization. Nurses may now use digital platforms to conduct virtual consultations, remote patient monitoring, and manage electronic health records. This not only speeds up and increases the accuracy of information sharing, but it also allows nurses to focus more on direct patient care. As telehealth becomes more integrated into nursing practice, ethical concerns emerge. Patient privacy, data security, and the possibility of a digital divide must all be properly handled. Nurses must manage these ethical difficulties while maintaining patient confidentiality and ensuring that technology is used to empower rather than divide [2]. 

While telehealth has great potential, there are obstacles to overcome, such as the digital divide, technological literacy, and access concerns. Nurses are critical in bridging these gaps, pushing for fair access to telehealth services, and educating both healthcare professionals and patients. In the future, nurses' roles in a digital healthcare landscape will continue to expand. To educate nurses with the skills needed to understand and exploit the promise of telehealth technology, continuous education and training will be critical. Nurse leaders must advocate an innovation culture, ensuring that the profession adapts to new technology while upholding the profession's essential principles of compassion and patient-centered care [3]. 

In conclusion, the use of telehealth into nursing care gives an enormous amount of potential to improve patient outcomes, increase efficiency, and reinvent healthcare delivery. To take advantage of all these benefits, however, nurses must actively participate in creating the future of telehealth, resolving ethical concerns, and pushing for technology that promotes healthcare justice. Let us welcome the promise of telehealth to elevate the nursing profession and, more significantly, to improve the well-being of those we serve as we start on this revolutionary journey.
Effect of Simulation-Based Learning on Clinical Performance of Nursing Interns at a Private Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Farooq Zambeel , Sheraz Shanza , Muntaha Sidra tul , Fatima Sadia , Ghulam Ayesha
Published: January 2024

Simulation-based learning offers experiences and activities that mimic clinical practices using patient mannequins and realistic circumstances in a controlled environment. Utilizing this immersive methodology, students engage in authentic clinical scenarios within a simulated hospital setting. Through useful applications, students can put their academic understanding to use and refine their abilities in addressing a range of clinical situations. Through practical application, students can apply their theoretical knowledge and hone their skills in dealing with a variety of clinical scenarios. This experience not only broadens comprehension but also boosts self-assurance and gets pupils ready for their future careers as healthcare experts. Objective: To investigate how simulation-based learning affects nursing interns' clinical performance in a private hospital in Lahore. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed to investigate the impact of simulation-based learning on nursing interns' clinical performance. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the 76 participating nursing interns. The study was carried out at a private hospital in Lahore. Results: Participants demonstrated that their clinical performance improved as a result of simulation-based learning. In a very short amount of time, they could handle the patient. Conclusions: According to the study's findings, clinical performance of nursing interns at a private hospital in Lahore was improved by simulation-based learning.
Assess the Burden of Caregivers of Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Arbani Shumaila , Bibi Afsha , Hyder Shehbaz , Javed Sundas , Muhammad Taj , Abid Shumaila , Ali Mahboob , Nasir Shumaila , Shakir Noreen
Published: January 2024

The burden faced by caregivers of cancer patients is a critical aspect of healthcare, influencing both the well-being of the caregivers and the quality of patient care. Objective: To assess caregivers' burden of cancer patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Zareen Cancer and Research Centre (ZCRC) at Dr. Ziauddin Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. The target population for this study was adult informal family caregivers who were actively taking care of histologically diagnosed cancer patients receiving treatment.  Moreover, a 22-item standardized validated Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: The study findings revealed that 18% of caregivers feel okay or have No to Mild Burden. The largest group 64%, is Mild to Moderate Burden. Around the same, 18%, Moderate to Severe Burden. Conclusions: Based on the findings, 64% face moderate burdens, with an additional 18% enduring higher, moderate to severe burdens. This reveals widespread challenges and stress among caregivers, emphasizing the need for enhanced support and resources to ease their strain and improve their well-being.
Seasonal Variations in Ostracod Community Structure and Physicochemical Parameters in Khanki Headworks, Pakistan
Authors: Raza Muhammad Ahsan , Roohi Nabila , Ahmad Husna
Published: January 2024

Protozoans, rotifers, ostracods and copepods are principal groups of zooplanktons. These organisms are crucial biotic elements, and impact all functional features of aquatic ecosystems. Objective: To assess the impacts of environmental variables on the abundance, biodiversity and seasonal distribution of ostracods in Khanki Headworks, Pakistan. To evaluate the contribution of ostracods as bio-monitors of contamination in freshwater ecosystems. Methods: Month wise separate water samples were taken for different environmental variables from four sampling sites (each with 3 sub-sites), for study period of one year (February 2021 to January 2022), whereas, samples of microcrustaceans (ostracods) were collected with planktonic net (mesh size: 37µm). Results: In total, 5 species of ostracods, associated to 4 genera and 2 families were identified from February 2021 to January 2022. Heterocypris incongruence was the most abundant species, whereas, Dolerocypris sinensis was noted as least abundant species. Ostracods abundance and biodiversity were monitored highest in June and minimum in the month of January. Results of Pearson correlation showed that physicochemical parameters, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and pH have positive effects on the density and diversity of ostracods. In contrast, dissolved oxygen (DO) showed negative relationship with the abundance and diversity of planktonic ostracods. These findings were further validated by Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Conclusions: This investigation revealed that physicochemical parameters generally govern the population dynamics of ostracods.
Emotional Intelligence as Predictor of Mental Health in Hospital Nurses, Pakistan
Authors: Aisha . , Ahmad Riaz , Ali Uzma
Published: January 2024

Background: Emotional intelligence is a tool, as is the ability to understand, perceive, manage and utilize information. Therefore, an emotionally intelligence people could control their stressors and improve the individual’s productivity at the workplace. 
Emotional intelligence is a tool, as is the ability to understand, perceive, manage and utilize information. Therefore, an emotionally intelligence people could control their stressors and improve the individual’s productivity at the workplace. Objective: To explore the relationship of emotional intelligence and mental health in female hospital nurses in Pakistan. Methods: The correlational design was used in this study. The sample comprised of (N=217) hospital nurses with the age range of 20 years to 45 years (Mean age=29.98; SD=6.37) were selected through systematic randomization procedure from different public hospitals of Hyderabad. The data collection was gathered about 8 months from January 2019 August 2019. The demographic Form, Trait Emotional Intelligence, Pakistani Urdu translated version (TEIQue-SF) & Aga Khan University Anxiety Depression Scale were used. Results: The results showed a significant predictive relationship of emotional intelligence with mental health of hospital registered female nursing (R²= .374, p< .001). Conclusions: The hospital nurses (who have high emotional intelligence) suffer less from mental health problems and are at low risk of anxiety and depression
Methodology: The Correlational design was used in this study. The sample comprised of (N=217) hospital nurses with the age range of 20 years to 45 years (Mean age=29.98; SD=6.37) were selected through systematic randomization procedure from different Public hospitals of Hyderabad. The data collection was gathered about 8 months from January 2019 August 2019. The demographic Form, Trait Emotional Intelligence, Pakistani Urdu translated version (TEIQue-SF) & Aga Khan University Anxiety Depression Scale were used. 
Results: The results showed a significant predictive relationship of emotional intelligence with mental health of hospital registered female nursing (R²= .374, p< .001).
Conclusion: The hospital nurses (who have high emotional intelligence) suffer less from mental health problems and are at low risk of anxiety and depression. 
 
Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Mental Health, Hospital Nurses
Effects of Compressive Myofascial Release of Vastus Lateralis on Lateral Patellar Tracking in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Batool Rubia , Amjad Fatima , Khan Lal Gul , Ali Sajjad , Arshad Anees , Bashir Kiran
Published: January 2024

Knee osteoarthritis is highly prevalent around the world and 4th leading cause of disability. Lateral patellar tracking is a common complain of knee osteoarthritis. It causes Q-angle at knee joint to increase that further leads to gait abnormalities. Objective: To determine the effect of compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis on lateral patellar tracking in terms of pain, range of motion, and functional disability in patients with knee OA. Methods: This Randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Ahad Medicare Clinic and Physiotherapy Centre, Rawalpindi, spanning from December 2020 to June 2021. In this study, 52 participants were carefully selected using the Open Epi software. These individuals were aged 50 years and above and had previously been diagnosed with Grade 2-3 knee osteoarthritis. Participants were then evaluated for the presence of lateral patellar tracking by measuring Q-angle. After meeting eligibility criteria participants were divided into two groups: the Experimental group (n=26) and the Control group (n=26).  Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Goniometer, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthrosis Index (WOMAC) were used to take measurements at baseline and at 15 days follow-up. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the Experimental and Control groups in terms of pain reduction and knee extension range of motion (ROM). Conclusions: The study's findings revealed that the experimental group exhibited more significant improvements in pain reduction and knee extension compared to the conventional treatment group.
Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Personal Protective Equipment at Two Tertiary Care Hospitals, Peshawar
Authors: Nazar Gul , Ahmad Imran Waheed , Muhammad Dildar
Published: January 2024

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) include gloves, protective eye wear (goggles), mask, respirator, apron, gown, boots/shoe cover, hair cover and are aimed to shield Health Care Professionals (HCP) including nurses from workplace infections and injuries. Objective: To assess nurses’ knowledge regarding personal protective equipment at two tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar. Methods:  A design of the study was descriptive cross-sectional survey. Overall, 150 nurses were involved by using consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected through structured, self-administered adopted questionnaire. Results: This study comprised of 150 contributors including 30% male and 70% female. The mean age of the participants was 29.15 with standard deviation ± 6.07. 53.3% of the participants had Diploma, 36.7% had Post RN, 8.7% of the participants had BSN and 1.3% of the participants had MSN degrees. The study showed that 58% of respondents had good knowledge due to their professional experiences while 36% had average knowledge level due to low professional experiences and lack of resource and availability of PPE’s and only 6% participants had poor knowledge level regarding personal protective equipment due to lack of professional experiences. Conclusions: This study concluded that knowledge level was good in majority of nurses.  Despite the good knowledge level, some of the personnel practices and attitudes towards PPE remain unchanged.   This study pleas for a need to educate Nurses on PPE; it may be with continuing education on infection control or other informative platforms. When there is low level of knowledge it will affect practice related to PPE.
Lowering Effect of Potassium on Hypertension
Authors: Hafeez Maryam , Riaz Aqsa , Azam Azeem , Sajid Marina , Faseeh Hamza , Anjum Farhan , Rubab Tanzeela , Aziz Shanza , Latif Maryam
Published: January 2024

Hypertension is the blood pressure (BP) that is higher than the normal values in the arteries. Dietary changes and other lifestyle adjustments are essential to its management. Potassium has become known as a crucial Mineral with potential blood pressure-lowering effects among the many dietary variables. The objective of this writing is to summarize the most recent research on the connection between potassium intake and hypertension. Multiple investigations have revealed an inverse association between blood pressure and potassium intake. In addition to increasing vasodilation, lowering sodium reabsorption, and improving renal function, potassium also has antihypertensive effects. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that eating diets high in potassium increase endothelial function, lessen arterial stiffness, and lessen sympathetic nervous system activity. According to current research, increasing potassium intake, primarily from dietary sources such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes, is an effective way for managing hypertension. Individual differences, potential drug interactions, and the need for additional research to determine the best consumption levels should all be taken into account. Overall, incorporation of potassium-rich foods in the diet shows promise as a natural strategy to lower blood pressure and mitigate the symptoms of hypertension.
Association between Obesity and Dental Caries among Young Population Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khatoon Reshma , Bughio Rashid Iqbal , Memon Khalida Naz , Memon Sikandar Munir , Soomro Zaheer Ahmed , Kandhro Rehmatullah
Published: January 2024

Globally, dental caries and obesity are becoming issue of public health concern. There are inconsistent and contrasting results drawn from numerous studies seeking the association between obesity and dental caries. Objective: To ascertain the relationship between childhood obesity and dental caries at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out at department of dentistry of LUMHS hospital Jamshoro/Hyderabad.161 obese patients aged 18 to 35 years of both genders having BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 were selected by convenience sampling technique. After taking detailed history, clinical examination of mouth of each patient was performed by using mouth mirror and probe. Dental caries was recorded according to the WHO criteria using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and the G. V. Black classification, while height and weight was measured using BMI index. All data were recorded in standard proforma for analysis by using SPSS version 23.0. Results: There was male preponderance i.e. 86 (53.42%) males as compared to 75 (46.58%) females. Themeanagerecordedwas25.7 ± 6.1 years. Majority of the subjects were belonged to rural areas (91.30%). THEMEAN and standard deviation of BMI was29.0 ± 3.1 (25.0-40.7) Kg/m2.  The mean and standard deviation of DMFT score was 0.57 ± 1.0 with the range of 0-4. Dental caries was present in 45 (27.95%) patients and absent in 116 (72.05%) presents. The highly significant association was observed between high BMI AND dental caries (p< 0.001). Conclusions: Dental caries and obesity are significantly associated among young population. As the obesity level increased, risk of dental caries can also be increased.
Efficacy of Ultrasound for Sonologists, Sonographers and Nurses to assess high-risk conditions at Labor Triage in Pakistan
Authors: Sabir Muhammad , Aster Raheela , Rafiq Rizwana , Raza Muhammad Ahmad , Alam Muhammad Asad , Alloudin Aftab
Published: January 2024

Healthcare problems that impede the effective delivery of health services, resulting in unequal access to care and suboptimal health outcomes, plague many countries. The absence of an expert medical personnel and diagnostic facilities are main causes of these problems. The worldwide ultrasound industry is still mainly unregulated, and national training policies and regulations that guarantee a minimal level of proficiency for safe practice differ. Requirements for reform and control of ultrasound usage have arisen since health professionals in many countries may perform ultrasounds with little to no training and without official certification. For this literature review, data from numerous search engines were obtained. The data for this study came from PubMed, Science Direct, NCBI, Medline, Medscape, and Google Scholar. It is a highly plausible alternative to teach nurses to do routine targeted obstetric scanning for the detection of high-risk pregnancies in order to make up for the lack of sonographers and sonologists in low-income countries. Therefore, sonologists are more effective than nurses in using ultrasonography to evaluate high-risk problems during labor triage.
Prevalence of Achilles Tendinopathy among Physical Therapists of Pakistan
Authors: Rafiq Rafia , Ilyas Yumna , Aftab Ayesha , Sohail Sidra , Zia Kashmala , Batool Sana , Jamil Komal
Published: January 2024

It is a degenerative disease that affects the tendon of Achilles, which attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to the heel bone. The rate of prevalence in the general population is about 6 percent, in athletes about 24 percent, 36 percent in short-distance runners, and in middle and long-distance runners about 52 percent. Objective: To determine the frequency of Achilles tendinopathy in Physical therapists of Pakistan. Methods: The cross-sectional study was done through an online survey among the Physical Therapists of Pakistan. The estimated sample size calculated from the Raosoft.com software was 449 participants. The sampling technique used in this study was convenient. The data was collected through a  validated questionnaire named a Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment- Achilles( VISA-A) measurement tool, ranging from 0 to 100 in which higher scores showed least symptoms while lower scores showed severe symptoms. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS version 23.0. Results: Out of 449 research participants between the ages of 22 to 50 years were evaluated through a validated questionnaire and the result shows 298 (66.36%) of participants participated in sports activities and the level of pain was evaluated as 95(21.15%) of participants fell in healthy, 238(53%) in mild, 97(21.60%) in moderate however 19(4.23%) participants fall in severe category of pain. Conclusions: Our study concluded that the occurance of Achilles tendinopathy is uncommon among the physical therapists population of Pakistan.