bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside attenuates high glucose–induced podocyte dysfunction by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting autophagy via activation of SIRT1/AMPK pathway
Authors: Wang Shu , Huang Yuqing , Luo Guangyan , Yang Xin , Huang Wei
Published: October 2020

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common and complicated chronic kidney disease around the world. To elucidate and find effective therapies of DN is of vital importance. In this paper, we have discovered that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), which is one of the anthocyanins, could alleviate high glucose–induced podocyte dysfunction. MTT, flow cytometry assay, and Western blot analysis showed that C3G could reverse the increase of cell apoptosis under high glucose treatment in MPC5 cells by upregulation of Bcl2 and downregulation of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, C3G improved the autophagy decrease that was induced by high glucose through regulating the expression level of LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin1, and p62. In addition, C3G inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by increasing E-cadherin and reducing Vimentin. By further study of the mechanisms, we found C3G activated the SIRT1 and AMPK which were inhibited in high glucose condition. Silencing SIRT1 blocked the effect of C3G on regulating cell apoptosis, autophagy, and EMT. In summary, our current findings suggest the protective effect of C3G against high glucose–induced podocyte dysfunction is by improving autophagy and reducing apoptosis and EMT via activating SIRT1/AMPK pathway. It might be a new insight for the treatment of DN.
Identification and expression analysis of chloroplast ribonucleoproteins (cpRNPs) in Arabidopsis and rice
Authors: Wu Jiawen , Liu Huimin , Lu Shan , Hua Jian , Zou Baohong
Published: October 2020

Chloroplast ribonucleoproteins (cpRNPs) are implicated in splicing, editing, and stability control of chloroplast RNAs as well as in regulating development and stress tolerance. To facilitate a comprehensive understanding of their functions, we carried out a genome-wide identification, curation, and phylogenetic analysis of cpRNP genes in Oryza sativa (rice) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Ten cpRNP genes were identified in each of Arabidopsis and rice genomes based on the presence of two RRM (RNA-recognition motif) domains and an N-terminal chloroplast targeting signal peptide in the predicted proteins. These proteins are localized to chloroplasts. Gene expression analysis revealed that cpRNP genes have differential tissue expression patterns and some cpRNP genes are induced by abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, and drought. Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive annotation of the cpRNP gene family and their expression patterns in Arabidopsis and rice which will facilitate further studies on their roles in plant growth and stress responses.
Theg-Extra Conditional Diagnosability of Graphs in Terms ofg-Extra Connectivity
Authors: Liu Aixia , Yuan Jun , Wang Shiying
Published: October 2020

The [Formula: see text]-extra conditional diagnosability and [Formula: see text]-extra connectivity are two important parameters to measure ability of diagnosing faulty processors and fault tolerance in a multiprocessor system. The [Formula: see text]-extra conditional diagnosability [Formula: see text] of graph [Formula: see text] is defined as the diagnosability of a multiprocessor system under the assumption that every fault-free component contains more than [Formula: see text] vertices. While the [Formula: see text]-extra connectivity [Formula: see text] of graph [Formula: see text] is the minimum number [Formula: see text] for which there is a vertex cut [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] such that every component of [Formula: see text] has more than [Formula: see text] vertices. In this paper, we study the [Formula: see text]-extra conditional diagnosability of graph [Formula: see text] in terms of its [Formula: see text]-extra connectivity, and show that [Formula: see text] under the MM* model with some acceptable conditions. As applications, the [Formula: see text]-extra conditional diagnosability is determined for some BC networks such as hypercubes, varietal hypercubes, and [Formula: see text]-ary [Formula: see text]-cubes under the MM* model.
How Schrödinger’s Equation Emerges from Force Carriers
Authors: Tsekov Roumen
Published: October 2020

It is demonstrated how the Schrödinger equation emerges from stochastic momentum kicks of the force carriers, transmitting the fundamental interactions between the point particles. The picture is consistent with quantum field theory and points out that the force carriers are the only quantum particles. Since the latter are waves in the coordinate space, they are responsible for the wavy character of quantum mechanics.
Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Yogurt Containing Raw Omija and Sugared Omija during Storage
Authors: Cho Won-Young , Hwa Sung-Hyun , Yang Fengqi , Lee Chi-Ho
Published: October 2020

This study was conducted to determine the quality characteristics and antioxidant properties of yogurt containing omija extract (control, raw omija, and sugared omija) stored at 4°C for 14 days. The pH of all groups decreased, while the titratable acidity increased as the storage period increased. The viscosity of the sugared omija sample was high, while in the syneresis test, the sugared omija sample showed a low value. The total polyphenol content was the highest in the raw omija sample on day 0. DPPH activity was the highest in the raw omija sample for all storage periods; this sample also showed high Fe2+ chelating activity, which did not significantly differ from the sugared omija sample. In sensory evaluation, the sugared omija sample showed the highest overall score. Based on these results, it can be concluded that yogurt containing sugared omija shows improved quality and antioxidant activity.
Numerical Method for Fatigue Life Prediction of Liquid‐Storage Tank via Crack Length and Depth
Authors: Lai Jiafeng , You Ziyun , Luo Jiao , Wei Yuwei , Liu Xintian
Published: October 2020

In the field of fatigue crack, crack size is a worthy topic to discuss. The relationship between crack length and depth is studied based on the Paris law, and a numerical model is established. The validity of the model is proved by comparing theoretical data with experimental data. In addition, the analysis of stress distribution of liquid‐storage tank is carried out and the influence of hoop stress on the liquid‐storage tank is considered. Remaining life of the tank is predicted through the numerical model. The feasibility of the numerical method is verified by predicting the remaining life of the tank, which provides a simple way for fatigue life prediction of the liquid‐storage tank.
Dysregulated Expression and Methylation Analysis Identified TLX1NB as a Novel Recurrence Marker in Low-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Duan Hongzhou , Yang Zuozhen , Li Chen , Zhang Jiayong , Shen Shengli , Yuan Changwei , Wang Yingjin
Published: October 2020

Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are the most common CNS tumors, and the main therapy for LGGs is complete surgical resection, due to its curative effect. However, LGG recurrence occurs frequently. Biomarkers play a crucial role in evaluating the recurrence and prognosis of LGGs. Numerous studies have focused on LGG prognosis. However, the multiomics research investigating the roles played by gene methylation and expression in LGG recurrence remains limited. In this study, we integrated the TCGA and GEO datasets, analyzing RNA and methylation data for recurrence (R) and nonrecurrence (NR) groups. We found a low expression of TLX1NB and high methylation in recurrence patients. Low expression of TLX1NB is associated with poor survival (OS:

p
=
0.04

). The expression of TLX1NB is likely to play a role in the prognosis of LGG. Therefore, TLX1NB may represent an alternative early biomarker for the recurrence of low-grade gliomas.
A Mathematical Model to Study the Effectiveness of Some of the Strategies Adopted in Curtailing the Spread of COVID-19
Authors: Baba Isa Abdullahi , Baba Bashir Abdullahi , Esmaili Parvaneh
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we developed a model that suggests the use of robots in identifying COVID-19-positive patients and which studied the effectiveness of the government policy of prohibiting migration of individuals into their countries especially from those countries that were known to have COVID-19 epidemic. Two compartmental models consisting of two equations each were constructed. The models studied the use of robots for the identification of COVID-19-positive patients. The effect of migration ban strategy was also studied. Four biologically meaningful equilibrium points were found. Their local stability analysis was also carried out. Numerical simulations were carried out, and the most effective strategy to curtail the spread of the disease was shown.
An Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom-Related Headache in a Patient with Schizophrenia
Authors: Yuan Hsinsung , Liu Junjun
Published: October 2020

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms are prevalent, manifold, and sometimes insidious in patients with schizophrenia. In this case study, we reported an intractable headache that bears a close relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a schizophrenia patient. In a series of treatments, the headache was miraculously susceptible to haloperidol treatment.
Very-Long-Chain Acyl-Co-Enzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency Presenting as Rhabdomyolysis: First Case Report from Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijayabandara Maheshi , Gamakaranage Champika , Hettiarachchi Dineshani
Published: October 2020

Background. Rhabdomyolysis can be either inherited or acquired such as in metabolic myopathies. Very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare fatty acid oxidation disorder which presents with different phenotypes, and the mild adult form can present as intermittent rhabdomyolysis. Here, we present the first adult case of very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency presenting as rhabdomyolysis in a Sri Lankan patient. Case Presentation. A 36-year-old Sri Lankan man who was born to consanguineous parents presented with severe generalized muscle pain, stiffness, and dark-coloured urine for three days following prolonged low-intensity activity. Since fourteen years of age, he has had multiple similar episodes, where one episode was complicated with acute kidney injury. His eldest brother also suffered from the similar episode. Examination revealed only generalized muscle tenderness without any weakness. His creatine phosphokinase level was above 50,000 IU/L, and he had myoglobinuria. Molecular genetic tests confirmed the diagnosis of very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Following a successful recovery devoid of complications, he remained asymptomatic with lifestyle adjustments. Conclusion. Very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare inherited cause of metabolic myopathy that gives rise to intermittent rhabdomyolysis in adults. Prompt diagnosis is essential to prevent complications and prevent its recurrence.
Microwave Imaging of Voids in Oil Palm Trunk Applying UWB Antenna and Robust Time-Reversal Algorithm
Authors: Saeidi Tale , Ismail Idris , Mahmood Sarmad Nozad , Alani Sameer , Alhawari Adam R. H.
Published: October 2020

The oil palm trees in Southeast Asia face a great challenge due to voids within tree trunks. Besides, both plantations and the palm oil industry suffered considerable losses due to ineffective inspection of defective trees. Several techniques such as ultrasound, X-ray, capacitive volume, gamma computed tomography, and microwave tomography were applied to detect and control the decay of a trunk. However, all the techniques showed substantial drawbacks (such as limited resolution, tedious processing time, and use of bulky equipment with limited mobility) except for microwave tomography which overtook the other techniques by using a method that distinguishes the dielectric properties of healthy and diseased trunks. This work proposes ultra-wide-band (UWB) signal transmission and reception using antenna sensor arrays that record reflections from affected regions in the trunk. Various factors have been considered, such as different cylindrical arrays of 4, 8, 12, and 16 antennas; different positions of hollows; a heterogeneous trunk; multiple targets; and larger trunk samples (16–30 cm). To validate the system’s capabilities, two cylindrical wood samples with different diameters of 100 mm and 140 mm and with one hollow and three hollows within are 3D-printed, investigated, and then measured. The authors recommended a robust time-reversal algorithm (RTR) to reconstruct 2D images that successfully identified and localized cavities with the smallest diameter of 3.5 mm. Furthermore, reconstructed images of measured data verified a practical and reliable oil palm trunk imaging and sensing system with a high structural similarity index and resolution.
Constrained Linear Curvature Image Registration Model and Its Numerical Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jin
Published: October 2020

We propose a constrained linear curvature image registration model to explicitly control the deformation according to the transformed Jacobian matrix determinant using point-by-point inequality constraints in this paper. In addition, an effective numerical method is proposed to solve the resulting inequality constrained optimization model. Finally, some numerical examples are given to prove the obvious advantages of the curvature image registration model with inequality constraints.
Exploiting B-cell Receptor Stereotypy to Design Tailored Immunotherapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Rovida Alessandra , Maccalli Cristina , Scarfò Lydia , Dellabona Paolo , Stamatopoulos Kostas , Ghia Paolo
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

Approximately 30% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) can be grouped into subsets with stereotyped B-cell receptor immunoglobulin (BcR IG) displaying remarkable similarity in the heavy complementarity-determining region 3 (VH CDR3). Here, we investigated whether the consensus VH CDR3 sequences from CLL stereotyped subsets can be exploited for immunotherapy approaches.

Experimental Design:

Immunogenic epitopes from the consensus VH CDR3 sequence of the clinically aggressive subsets #1 and #2 and from Eμ-TCL1 mice, which spontaneously develop CLL with BcR IG stereotypy, were identified and used to generate specific HLA class I– and II–restricted T cells in vitro. T-cell reactivity was assayed in vitro as IFNγ production. Bone marrow–derived dendritic cells loaded with the peptides were used as vaccination strategy to restrain leukemia development in the Eμ-TCL1 mouse model.

Results:

These stereotyped epitopes were naturally processed and presented by CLL cells to the VH CDR3–specific T cells. Furthermore, we validated the efficacy of VH CDR3 peptide–based immunotherapy in the Eμ-TCL1 transplantable mouse model. Immunization of mice against defined VH CDR3 peptide epitopes, prior to the challenge with the corresponding leukemia cells, resulted in the control of CLL development in a significant fraction of mice, and increased overall survival.

Conclusions:

Our data highlight the immunogenicity of stereotyped VH CDR3 sequences and support the feasibility and efficacy of their use for novel cancer vaccine in CLL. Such approach has the advantage to generate “off-the-shelf” therapeutic vaccines for relevant groups of patients belonging to stereotyped subsets.

See related commentary by Seiffert, p. 659
Neuroblastoma Amplified Sequence Gene Mutations Inducing Acute Kidney and Liver Injury in an Adolescent Female
Authors: Dayan Roy Rafael , Bignall II O.N. Ray , Johnson Sheryl , Flores Francisco , Volovelsky Oded
Published: October 2020

Acute liver injury (ALI) in children is a life-threatening event, and a definitive etiology can be identified in approximately 50% of cases. Neuroblastoma amplified sequence (NBAS) gene mutations have been associated with a broad phenotypic spectrum of this disease, ranging from recurrent episodes of fever-induced liver injuries to multiorgan involvement, including frequent infections as well as skeletal and immunological abnormalities. Here, we describe an adolescent female with a confirmed compound heterozygous NBAS gene mutation who presented with an episode of ALI complicated by severe acute kidney injury (AKI). The kidney injury was most probably driven by an intrinsic insult, as noted by elevated neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels and a kidney biopsy demonstrating severe tubular damage consistent with acute tubular necrosis. While the patient’s liver function and mental status showed significant improvement with supportive care, recovery of kidney function was delayed, and the patient required acute hemodialysis. We suggest a causative relation between the NBAS gene mutation and severe AKI.
A Comprehensive Study of Dengue Epidemics and Persistence of Anti-Dengue Virus Antibodies in District Swat, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Naveed , Khan Tariq , Jamal Syed Muhammad
Published: October 2020

Background: Dengue fever is one of the most common human arbovirus infections worldwide. In Pakistan, dengue initially became endemic in the big cities and then expanded to remote areas of the country. The current study reports the dengue epidemics, anti-DENV antibodies prevalence during the active and post-dengue infection, risk factors, disease symptoms, and spotting dengue infection densities in district Swat of Pakistan. Methods: Clinical signs and demographic data of dengue suspected individuals were collected at the time of screening through non-structural protein-1 antigen detection test during 2013–2015. Moreover, selected dengue confirmed individuals were screened for the presence of anti-dengue immunoglobulin (Ig) M and G during the active infection period and post-dengue infection. Results: A total of 8,770 individuals were infected with dengue in 2013 with 36 (0.41%) case fatalities, 307 in 2014 with no case fatality, and 13 in 2015 with no case fatality. The number of male and female cases were 6,139 and 2,631 in 2013, 183 and 124 in 2014, and only 10 and 3 in 2015, respectively. Among all the localities, Tehsil Babozai, an urban setting, reported the highest number of dengue patients during all the study years, that is, 7,673 (87.49% of the total cases) in 2013, 294 (95.76% of the total cases) in 2014, and 13 (100% cases) in 2015. Among 6 age groups, 21–30 years was found to be highly infected in 2013 (37.13% of all cases) and 2014 (33.55%). Furthermore, 1,231 (21.94% of all cases) had IgM antibodies and 71 (1.26%) had IgG antibodies in 2013, 78 (26% of all cases) had IgM antibodies and 7 (2.33%) had IgG antibodies in 2014, and only 4 (30.76%) patients had IgM and 0 (0%) had IgG antibodies in 2015. Furthermore, urban areas had the highest infection density in district Swat. The majority of the patients in rural areas had a traveling history to the urban areas before their illness. Conclusion: To sum up, male gender, young individuals, and those living in urban areas were at the greater risk of dengue infection.
Trends in Reoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery for Older Adults in the United States, 1998 to 2017
Authors: Mori Makoto , Wang Yun , Murugiah Karthik , Khera Rohan , Gupta Aakriti , Vallabhajosyula Prashanth , Masoudi Frederick A. , Geirsson Arnar , Krumholz Harlan M.
Published: October 2020

Background

The likelihood of undergoing reoperative coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is important for older patients who are considering first‐time CABG. Trends in the reoperative CABG for these patients are unknown.

Methods and Results

We used the Medicare fee‐for‐service inpatient claims data of adults undergoing isolated first‐time CABG between 1998 and 2017. The primary outcome was time to first reoperative CABG within 5 years of discharge from the index surgery, treating death as a competing risk. We fitted a Cox regression to model the likelihood of reoperative CABG as a function of patient baseline characteristics. There were 1 666 875 unique patients undergoing first‐time isolated CABG and surviving to hospital discharge. The median (interquartile range) age of patients did not change significantly over time (from 74 [69–78] in 1998 to 73 [69–78] in 2017); the proportion of women decreased from 34.8% to 26.1%. The 5‐year rate of reoperative CABG declined from 0.77% (95% CI, 0.72%–0.82%) in 1998 to 0.23% (95% CI, 0.19%–0.28%) in 2013. The annual proportional decline in the 5‐year rate of reoperative CABG overall was 6.6% (95% CI, 6.0%–7.1%) nationwide, which did not differ across subgroups, except the non‐white non‐black race group that had an annual decline of 8.5% (95% CI, 6.2%–10.7%).

Conclusions

Over a recent 20‐year period, the Medicare fee‐for‐service patients experienced a significant decline in the rate of reoperative CABG. In this cohort of older adults, the rate of declining differed across demographic subgroups.
Abstract 466: Vascular Claudin-11 Plays a Protective Role for Human Atherosclerosis Progression
Authors: Kim Eun Hee , Jung Moon Hee , Park Man Seok , Choi Kang Ho , Lee Su Jin , Kim Hyung Seok
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims:
The expression and the role of tight junction protein, Claudin-11 (CLDN11) in vasculat smooth muscle cell (vSMC) is unknown.

Methods:
To understand the role of CLDN11 in the vSMC, we transfected siRNA-CLDN11 into human coronary vascular smooth muscle cell line (hCSMC). cDNA microarray using Agilent Human mRNA arrays, immunocytochemistry, tube formation assay, FACS, and cell cycle analysis were performed 7 days after CLDN11 knock-down. To know the role of CLDN11 in the human cardiovascular system, we obtained vascular smooth muscle layer from autopsied left anterior descending artery and CLDN11 mRNA expression was evaluated following modified AHA Consensus Classification Based on Morphologic Descriptions (three groups, total n=45).

Results:
CLDN11 was well expressed in vascular smooth mucscle layer in immunohistochemisty and western blot analysis. We observed the angiogenesis (CXCL8, SOX17, HEY1), cell proliferation (EGR3, ITGB2), and extracellular matrix (BMPER, WNT1) associated gene expression. Following CLDN11-siRNA transfection, the tube formation assay and proliferating cellular phase was markedly increased in siRNA treatment group (p<0.01, respectively). In the human sample, CLDN11 expression was inversely correlated with the progression of coronary atherosclerosis (p=0.0026), and the sudden cardiac death with complicated coronary atherosclerosis (p<0.05).

Conclusions:
These results indicate that CLDN11 could tightly regulate the vascular smooth muscle physiology. And CLDN11 might play a certain role for atherosclerosis propagation to regulate the vSMCs plasticity and possible new etiology for cardiovascular events.
Hvor ‘Each’ Reciprocals and Distributives in Icelandic: E-Raising + Short Main Verb Movement
Authors: Sigurðsson Halldór Ármann , Wood Jim , Sigurðsson Einar Freyr
Published: October 2020

We discuss remarkable constructions in Icelandic that have the distributive pronoun hvor ‘each’ in common: the reciprocal construction hvor annar ‘each other’, and the distributive construction hvor sinn ‘each their’, which also comes in a sinn hvor ‘their each’ version. We provide the first detailed description of these constructions, in particular their case and word order properties, which raise recalcitrant puzzles, and then we discuss what they say about the syntax of nonfinite verbs. Specifically, the word order and case properties of these constructions indicate that nonfinite verbs in Icelandic undergo short verb movement within the verb phrase. That is, the evidence indicates that the leftmost element in these constructions, alternatively hvor or sinn, originates inside an object DP and moves, by what we call e-raising, to the base position of an antecedent with which it agrees, before being stranded by that very antecedent. Nevertheless, the verb appears to the left of this element, even when it is a nonfinite verb, showing that it must undergo short movement to the left of Spec,vP. In addition, the interaction of e-raising and case has important consequences for Case theory, as it indicates that case agreement and case marking take place in PF.
Effects of sensory mode in prey discrimination and predatory behaviour of rock lizards
Authors: Recio Pablo , Rodríguez-Ruiz Gonzalo , Martín José
Published: October 2020

An essential part of foraging ecology is to understand the processes of detection, recognition and discrimination of prey, as well as the sensorial modalities involved. Often, predators do not rely on a single sensory system but on multiple interacting senses. Specifically, lizards mainly use vision and vomerolfaction for prey pursuit. Here, we used an experimental approach to study how the Carpetan rock lizard, Iberolacerta cyreni, responds to different types of stimuli (chemical, visual, or both combined) from two prey species. The number of individuals approaching the prey and the number of attacks differed between treatments, however, we did not find differences in latency time, number of individuals attacking the prey or number of tongue flicks. Our results suggested that visual cues combined with chemical stimuli enhanced detection of both prey species and that prey discrimination occurred posteriorly and independently of using any or both types of stimuli.
Recent shifts in taxonomic compositions of water frog populations (Anura: Pelophylax) inhabiting fish ponds in southern Poland
Authors: Jośko Paulina , Pabijan Maciej
Published: October 2020

In Central Europe, water frog species coexist in assemblages consisting of Pelophylax lessonae, P. ridibundus and their hybridogenetic hybrid, P. esculentus. Population compositions are poorly understood, partly because of difficulties in distinguishing hybrids from parentals by means of morphology alone. Environmental change and human-mediated, cryptic introductions of non-native water frog species have modified local assemblages. In this contribution we examined the structure of nine water frog populations inhabiting mostly large fish ponds in the Upper Vistula river valley of southern Poland using morphology and PCR-based genotyping of single loci in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. We found four different water frog population compositions: two with only P. ridibundus, one composed of P. lessonae and P. esculentus, three with P. ridibundus and P. esculentus, and three containing all three water frog taxa. Historical data show that the area was previously inhabited by lessonae-esculentus populations. We propose that both ecological and genetic replacement by expanding P. ridibundus may have contributed to the decline of the former. Overall, 18% of P. ridibundus frogs contained introgressed P. lessonae mtDNA, however, the frequency of introgressants was most pronounced in populations with a high proportion of P. esculentus. Exotic water frogs were not detected in the study area. Our results bear significance for water frog population dynamics and conservation in Central Europe and highlight the importance of long-term monitoring for the detection of changes in population composition in these amphibians.
Computing Swedish Salafism: An Example of a Digital Humanities Approach to Collecting, Organizing, and Analyzing Data on Web-based Salafi Missionary Activity in Sweden
Authors: Svensson Jonas
Published: October 2020

The aim of this article is to exemplify how computer-aided methods can assist researchers in the study of religions to collect, organize, and perform rudimentary analysis on web-based material. For this, the article uses the case of the Swedish Salafi website darulhadith.com, perhaps the largest provider of Islamic texts in Swedish online. The results show how the computer-aided methods can greatly facilitate the gathering of information on publication patterns and affiliations that can serve as a basis for further, in-depth studies of content and context. The article discusses possible avenues for assessing levels of impact and suggests further ways in which the content of the material gathered can be explored using computer-aided methods.
Enriching the Cognitive Account of Common Ground
Authors: Berio Leda , Vosgerau Gottfried
Published: October 2020

Classical notions of Common Ground have been criticized for being cognitively demanding given their appeal to complex meta-representations. The authors here propose a distinction between Immediate Common Ground, containing information specific to the communicative situation, and General Common Ground, containing information that is not situation-specific. This distinction builds on previous work by Horton and Gerrig [2016], extending the idea that common cognitive processes are part of the establishment and use of common ground. This is in line with the idea that multiple cognitive resources are involved in dialogue and avoids appealing to special-purpose representations for Common Ground purposes.
Ignorance and Its Disvalue
Authors: Meylan Anne
Published: October 2020

It is commonly accepted – not only in the philosophical literature but also in daily life – that ignorance is a failure of some sort. As a result, a desideratum of any ontological account of ignorance is that it must be able to explain why there is something wrong with being ignorant of a true proposition. This article shows two things. First, two influential accounts of ignorance – the Knowledge Account and the True Belief Account – do not satisfy this requirement. They fail to provide a satisfying normative account of the badness of ignorance. Second, this article suggests an alternative explanation of what makes ignorance a bad cognitive state. In a nutshell, ignorance is bad because it is the manifestation of a vice, namely, of what Cassam calls “epistemic insouciance”.
Identification of an Age Maturity in Time Discrimination Abilities
Authors: Hallez Quentin , Droit-Volet Sylvie
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the age at which parameters of timing performance in a temporal bisection task converge on an adult-like stable level. Participants in the three- to 20-year-old range were tested using a temporal bisection task with sub-second and supra-second durations. The data were divided into two samples. In the first sample, all participants were integrated into the analysis regardless of their success. In the second sample, only performers were inserted. The point of subjective equality (PSE) and the Weber Ratio (WR) were analyzed for each participant in each sample. By fitting a mathematical model to these parameters as a function of age, we showed a large inter-individual variability in the PSE, such that it does not stabilize with increasing age, i.e., during the significant period of development. Interestingly, time sensitivity (WR) shows a similar pattern through the two samples as adult-like performance appeared at an earlier age for short than for long durations. For the first sample, the modeling of WR data suggests that the children reached an adult-like time sensitivity at the age of six years for the short durations and 8½ years for the long durations. For the second sample, the developmental curve was stable at about the same age for the long duration (seven years), and at earlier age for the short durations, i.e., before three years.
Authoring and Publishing in the Age of Manuscripts: the Columbia University Copy of an Ottoman Compendium of Sciences with Marginal Glossing
Authors: Tunç Şen A.
Published: October 2020

This study examines an early-seventeenth century copy of a popular book in Ottoman Turkish originally composed by Nevʿī Efendi (d. 1599) in the early 1570s. With around 150 extant copies available in almost every major Islamic manuscript collection across the world, Nevʿī Efendi’s compendium, or the “fruits,” of sciences (Netāyicü’l-fünūn) deserves to be called an early modern bestseller among the Ottoman reading public. The particular copy of the work located at Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library (Or. 360) is a notable one with numerous minhu records (i.e., marginal glosses one could trace back to the author) written in Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, and Persian. In this article, besides situating Nevʿī Efendi’s work in the broader genre of taṣnīf al-ʿulūm (classification of sciences) in the Ottoman as well as the broader Islamicate realm of learning, I will pay closer attention to discussing the minhu notes that present intriguing insights into the questions of what a published work meant in the age of manuscripts, and how the continuous interventions on the text made by the author, and possibly by the copyists and readers, enrich as well as shuffle the “authentic” contents of the “published” version.
On Void and the Plausibility of the Copernican Paradigm: an Indo-Persian Link in the Qajar Reception of Modern Astronomy
Authors: Brabyn Trevor , Ansari Mohammad Sadegh
Published: October 2020

Historiography on the introduction of the Copernican astronomical paradigm in Iran has acknowledged the presence of Persian treatises from India in early-nineteenth century Qajar Iran for some time. In spite of this acknowledgment, the processes by which the modern paradigm was transmitted to Iran via the subcontinent have remained shrouded in mystery for the most part. MS Or. 462 at Columbia University, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, represents a unique early nineteenth-century composite manuscript (majmūʿah), in which, alongside treatises belonging to the premodern Ptolemaic paradigm, appears an entry on the Copernican planetary system. The treatise in question, titled “The discovery of the novel opinions of the sages of Europe” (Istikshāf-i rāyhā-yi tāzah-ʾi ḥakīmān-i farang), outlines the expanding geographical knowledge of Europe as well as the cosmological revisions of Copernicus and Newton, among other unnamed European scholars. In this article, we first examine the treatise’s connection to its Indo-Persian source and present an overview of its content on the new Copernican cosmology. Furthermore, we examine an encounter between proponents and detractors of the new scientific paradigm as detailed at the end of the treatise. Finally, we draw a few conclusions about the introduction of modernity and modern science into nineteenth-century Qajar Iran, based on the information that can be retrieved from this treatise.
A new species of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Naucoridae: Limnocorinae) and new state records for species of the genus in Mexico
Authors: REYNOSO-VELASCO DANIEL
Published: October 2020

The New World genus Limnocoris Stål includes 73 described species, of which 13 are distributed in North America. A new species, Limnocoris rodriguesi Reynoso n. sp., from Mexico is described and illustrated, bringing the total number of species distributed in the country to eight. An updated checklist of the Mexican fauna of Limnocoris is presented and includes new state records for six species: Limnocoris hintoni La Rivers, L. inornatus Montandon, L. insularis Champion, L. lutzi La Rivers, L. pygmaeus La Rivers, and L. signoreti Montandon. Additionally, distribution maps for each of the species of Limnocoris in Mexico are presented.
Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Phaneroptera (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) with a new record from Tamilnadu, India
Authors: DIVYA GOVINDARAJ , SENTHILKUMAR NATCHIAPPAN
Published: October 2020

The genus Phaneroptera (Tettigoniidae: Orthoptera) has been represented in India by four species. One additional species of Phaneroptera is described based on the variation in lateral lobe of pronotum, cerci of male and modifications of the subgenital plate. The morphometrics of the species are presented, which include P. spinosa, P. gracilis, P. falcata, P. myllocerca and Phaneroptera rentzi sp. nov. Key to the species of the genus Phaneroptera in India is provided.
Intraoperative 99mTc-MIBI-Guided Parathyroidectomy Improves Curative Effect of Parathyroidectomy, Bone Metabolism, and Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Chen Jun , Feng Jialin , Zhou Qinyi , Zheng Wenjie , Meng Xiangchao , Wang You , Wang Jiadong
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to compare the postoperative effects of total parathyroidectomy plus forearm transplantation and radioguided parathyroidectomy on bone metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD). From June 2013 to October 2017, 67 patients with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) received surgical treatment. The control group included 30 cases of classical total parathyroidectomy plus forearm transplantation for SHPT. In the experimental group, 37 patients underwent 99mTc-MIBI-guided parathyroidectomy. Demographics, parathyroid hormone (PTH) level, blood calcium level, and pathological results were compared between the 2 groups. The curative effect of parathyroidectomy and its effect on BMD were also compared. The BMDs in the L1-L4 segments and femoral neck in both groups were significantly improved after operation (all P < .05). The T scores of the L1-L4 segments and femoral neck in both groups were significantly improved after operation (all P < .05). The improvement in the T score of the L4 in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P < .05). No significant differences in the improvement in the L1-L3 segments and femoral neck were found between the 2 groups. Both traditional total parathyroidectomy plus forearm transplantation and 99mTc-MIBI-guided parathyroidectomy can improve PTH level, blood calcium level, phosphorus level, bone metabolism, and BMD to varying degrees in patients with SHPT. Compared with the traditional surgery, 99mTc-MIBI-guided parathyroidectomy can improve blood calcium and phosphorus metabolisms, reduce PTH level, and improve the T scores of L4 to a greater extent.
Awaking to Mutual, Reciprocal Need in Plague and Epidemic Disease: The Origins of Early Christian Health Care
Authors: Becker Sarah E.
Published: October 2020

While the early Christian Church demonstrates a deep desire to relieve physical suffering, the Greco-Roman world in which it developed lacked the same impetus to respond to human need, especially in the context of epidemic or communicable disease. Christianity’s dedication to health care, and its belief that assisting the sick constituted an absolute obligation, distinguished early Christianity from its contemporary cultural milieu which regularly ignored and excluded the sick. The novelty of the Christian approach to healing can be traced to the early church’s unique recognition of human need. This vision of human need, which ultimately replaced the secular Greco-Roman emphasis on reciprocal philanthropy and providing assistance only to the worthy, is clearly exemplified in the life of Christ, in responses to plague and in the writings of John Chrysostom and the Cappadocian Fathers Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, and Gregory of Nazianzus. An analysis of these sources demonstrates that the early Christian Church viewed the sick not only as persons to be assisted insofar as they shared a common human nature but also individuals necessary for the salvation of the broader community as a whole. The early church’s emphasis on reciprocal interdependence between healthy and sick eliminated the boundaries traditionally established between these two groups and transformed long-standing notions of contagious disease. Ultimately, the development of these attitudes toward the sick originates in a deeper truth which underlies the Christian healthcare tradition both in the ancient world and in the modern era: humanity’s profound and mutual need of God, before whom all are spiritually ill.
An Early Reader of James? Ethical Parallels between the Epistle and 2 Enoch
Authors: Gabrielson Timothy A.
Published: October 2020

The letter of James remains an enigma in many ways, including its immediate reception. Another enigmatic work, 2 Enoch, though vastly different in temperament and form, contains numerous ethical parallels with the epistle. Most prominent among the ten detailed here are the use of the imago Dei to prohibit slander, an absolute ban on taking oaths and a warning to wealthy landowners not to exploit day laborers. Utilizing criteria developed by Luke Timothy Johnson, a strong case can be made that 2 Enoch is to be numbered among the earliest readers of James. If so, there are implications for the date, geography and social context of both works. This proposal also sheds light on the relationship between the oath-formulas in Jas 5.12 and Mt. 5.33-37.
A state augmented adaptive backstepping control of wheeled mobile robots
Authors: Ahmadi Seyed Mohammad , Behnam Taghadosi Mojtaba , Haqshenas M AmirReza
Published: October 2020

The present paper aims to design an integrated kinematic/dynamic-based tracking controller for wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) considering motors’ dynamics. By defining a reference WMR, the role of kinematic controller is to not only minimize the posture error which indicates the difference between the reference and actual WMRs, but also to generate a desired path for the actual WMR. The kinematic tracking control problem of WMRs is so challenging if motors’ dynamics, parametric and nonparametric uncertainties and external disturbances are considered. Thus, proposing a dynamic control law alongside a kinematic control is unavoidable. In this study, we propose a new dynamic controller, namely, a state augmented adaptive backstepping such that the desired path is asymptotically tracked. Several numerical results accompanied by 3D simulations of trajectory tracking control of a WMR in ‘Simscape Multibody’ environment and comparisons with two well-designed controllers in the literature are reported to show the high performance of proposed control structure.
Useful Extension of a Retroauricular Hairline Incision in a Parotidectomy Provides Coverage of a Preauricular Skin Defect
Authors: Shin Jin Yong , Seo Du-heon , Roh Si-Gyun , Lee Nae-Ho
Published: October 2020

This report outlines the treatment of an 82-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma of the left cheek. The wide excision and simultaneous superficial parotidectomy were planned. Various incision methods have been widely introduced such as retroauricular hairline incision, modified Blair incision, or face-lift incision. For coverage of preauricular skin defect and parotidectomy, we modified retroauricular hairline incision that the end of the incision was bent to make transposition flap. The operation has been successfully finished using this extension of a retroauricular hairline incision.
Shared Surgical Decision Making in the Era of COVID‐19: Lessons From Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Erbele Isaac D. , Arriaga Moisés A. , Nuss Daniel W.
Published: October 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic has challenged every surgical discipline. Lessons learned from Hurricane Katrina have informed our department’s management of the current crisis. That experience impressed upon us a profound appreciation for shared decision making in the face of scarce resources, an evolving clinical context, and potential harm to patients and health care workers. To that end, we have formed a Resource Utilization Committee to prospectively review all nonemergent surgical cases during the current crisis. This has allowed “state‐of‐the‐pandemic” otolaryngologic care in a real‐time, collaborative, and high‐information setting. In addition, to protect our patients and health care workers, it has influenced our institution’s thoughtful application of COVID testing and the use of personal protective equipment.
Delayed diagnosis of spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage in association with warfarin administration: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Miao , Liu Qingfang , Tang Hongyu
Published: October 2020

Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition often associated with markedly high morbidity and mortality rates. However, diagnosis is difficult because of its atypical symptoms. We herein describe a 52-year-old Chinese man who had been receiving warfarin therapy since having undergone mechanical mitral valve replacement surgery 3 years previously. Two days before admission to our hospital, he suddenly developed low back pain, urinary incontinence, and paraplegia. He was diagnosed with acute myelitis at a local hospital, but he subsequently developed a slight headache and was transferred to our hospital 2 days later. The patient was suspected to have subarachnoid hemorrhage based on his computed tomography (CT) findings. On the third day after admission, a CT scan showed both subarachnoid and cerebral hemorrhage. Blood tests revealed an international normalized ratio ranging from 1.44 to 1.86 and a prothrombin time of 16.5 to 21.3 s. We performed a lumbar puncture and obtained bloody cerebrospinal fluid. The patient also underwent spinal CT and angiography, which confirmed the diagnosis of spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Because his general condition was poor, he underwent conservative treatment, and his neurologic function slightly improved after discharge.
Laser Conditioning: A Preferred Option Over Conventional Acid Etching for Orthodontic Bonding
Authors: R. Piradhiba , Faizee Shahul Hameed , Krishnaswamy N.R.
Published: October 2020

Aim:

To evaluate the demineralization resistance and the shear bond strength of enamel surfaces after erbium, chromium: yttrium–scandium–gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser etching (2 W/15 Hz, 2 W/25 Hz) and to compare them with conventional acid etching for orthodontic bonding.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 60 extracted human premolars with intact enamel surface were used for this study. Demineralization Resistance was estimated using ion-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). Shear bond strength was evaluated using Universal Testing Machine—Instron.

Results:

Statistically significant difference ( P < .001) was found in the concentration of dissolved calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), with the highest mean Ca and P in the acid-etched group, followed by 2 W/15 Hz laser-etched group and least with 2 W/25 Hz laser-etched group. Maximum bond strength was found in the acid-etched group (12.06 MPa), followed by the 2 W/25 Hz laser-etched group (9.01 MPa) and 2 W/15 Hz laser-etched group (8.39 MPa). The differences were statistically significant.

Conclusions:

Laser conditioning of enamel surface revealed significant demineralization resistance with a minimal dissolution of Ca and P ions in the demineralizing solution. Moreover, optimum bond strength was obtained similar to that of acid etching; hence, Er,Cr:YSGG laser conditioning of enamel surface is preferred over the conventional phosphoric acid etching for orthodontic bonding.
The first divide in György Márkus’s philosophical development
Authors: Kis János
Published: October 2020

This paper systematises the works of György Márkus into two or possibly three periods. These emphasise the underlying consistency of purpose and interpreting theoretical interests throughout the oeuvre. despite the changing and socio-political forms and language games, all three share common features. These stages move from this initial critique of Orthodox Marxism employing the intellectual rigor of analytical and a philosophical anthropology to an investigation of the internal contradictions in Marx’s mature economic writings. to a final post-marxist phase after he left Hungary dominated by continual philosophical themes and a social democratic political perspective.