bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESINFESTAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel CULTIVADAS IN VITRO
Authors: PINTO KELLYN ZUCULOTO , NAGEL JORDANA CAROLINE
Published: January 2025

A jabuticabeira (Plinia cauliflora), frutífera nativa do Brasil, destaca-se pelo elevado valor nutricional e organoléptico de seus frutos, sendo amplamente consumida tanto in natura quanto em produtos processados. Apesar de seu potencial econômico e cultural, o cultivo da espécie enfrenta desafios como o longo período juvenil, dificuldades na propagação vegetativa e a escassez de estudos técnicos sobre sua germinação e manejo. A propagação por sementes é o método mais comum, embora apresente limitações devido à rápida perda de viabilidade das sementes e à suscetibilidade a contaminações. A exploração de estratégias alternativas, como a propagação in vitro, surge como uma solução promissora para superar essas barreiras, promovendo a conservação genética e ampliando o aproveitamento comercial da jabuticabeira. Esse cenário evidencia a necessidade de avanços científicos e tecnológicos que permitam a otimização do cultivo dessa frutífera, contribuindo para a valorização das espécies nativas e sua inserção em mercados mais amplos.
AVALIAÇÃO DE PRODUTIVIDADE NA CULTURA DA SOJA (Glycine max L.) COM DIFERENTES DOSES DE BIORREGULADOR
Authors: ZWAN ALEXANDRO , NAGEL JORDANA CAROLINE
Published: January 2025

O aumento da demanda global por alimentos, devido ao crescimento populacional, evidencia a necessidade de melhorar a eficiência produtiva de culturas estratégicas como a soja (Glycine max L.), reconhecida por seu alto valor proteico e importância econômica. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de doses variáveis de um biorregulador composto por auxina, giberelina e citocinina, buscando promover o equilíbrio hormonal da planta.O equilíbrio hormonal é essencial para reduzir os impactos de fatores adversos, como o estresse hídrico, que compromete significativamente o desenvolvimento das plantas. A aplicação de biorreguladores surge como uma abordagem promissora, promovendo melhor fixação de flores e frutos, otimizando a estrutura vegetal e aumentando a produtividade.Os resultados destacam a relevância da utilização de reguladores hormonais como uma ferramenta estratégica no manejo da soja, contribuindo para a sustentabilidade agrícola e a capacidade de atender às crescentes demandas alimentares globais.
Elementos de Gramática Cognitiva
Authors: Lima Claudete , Pinheiro Diogo
Published: January 2025

A Gramática Cognitiva (GCog) é um modelo de representação do conhecimento linguístico que se caracteriza por tratar esse conhecimento como uma rede de unidades simbólicas (construções gramaticais), moldada pela experiência linguística do falante e estruturada por meio de habilidades cognitivas gere mais, e por enfatizar radicalmente a ideia de que a forma linguística é conceptualmente motivada. A primeira propriedade é comum a todas as versões da Gramática das Construções (GC), e a segunda é comum a todas as versões cognitivo-funcionais da GC, mas o tratamento sistemático e exaustivo do significado, a partir de uma semântica de base conceptual, é, no terreno da GC, uma especificidade da GCog. Apesar de ser um modelo extremamente bem-sucedido, que já se mostrou capaz de dar conta de uma miríade de fenômenos distintos em diferentes línguas, a GCog ainda conta com relativamente poucos adeptos e poucas obras de apresentação da teoria – para além daquelas produzidas pelo seu próprio fundador. Isso se deve, provavelmente, ao caráter inegavelmente sui generis do modelo, que, ao menos no seu sistema notacional, se distancia notavelmente de outras versões da GC. Para o leitor brasileiro iniciante, esse problema se aprofunda, na medida em que não existia, até o lançamento deste livro, nenhuma introdução à teoria em português. Esta obra pretende, portanto, começar a preencher essa lacuna. Naturalmente, ela não abrange todos os conceitos relevantes da GCog. Apesar disso, ela oferece ao leitor lusófono uma introdução acessível, em língua portuguesa, a um conjunto significativo de noções centrais à abordagem langackeriana.
Analysis of Evaporation Variables in Open Water and Penman Monteith Evaporation Variables Using Ridge Regression [Case Study Forest Fire Model]
Authors: Nugrahani Endar , Nurdiati Sri , Sopaheluwakan Ardhasena , Septiawan Pandu , Pratama Willy
Published: January 2025

Forest and land fires constitute a calamity influenced by actual evapotranspiration (act) derived from ERA5-land data, evaporation from open water (pev) derived from ERA5-Land data, and Penman-Monteith evaporation (et0). This study aims to scrutinize the characteristics, spatial and temporal aspects of these three variables, and assess the efficacy of pev and et0 in modeling forest fires through Ridge Regressions. Forest fire-related data, acquired via the Empirical Orthogonal Function method based on Singular Value Decomposition, will be employed. The analysis characteristic, temporal, spatial, and ridge regression assessments, with hotspot data serving as an indicator for forest and land fires. The findings reveal that the pev variable requires the fewest computation indicators. The characteristics of the act variable closely resemble those of the et0 variable. All three variables exhibit similar spatial and temporal patterns in forest fire-related data. The performance of the pev in modeling forest fires is better than the reference evapotranspiration variable in most local region analysis. This result highlights the potential applications of pev in modeling the general characteristics of fire events, making it robust across different regions. However, for modeling extreme events, et0 proves to be superior to other analyzed variables, particularly for events not included in the training data. Thus, et0 has higher potential performance in analysing and modeling future impact of climate changes related to fires risk rise due to more frequent drought condition.
Enhancing data engineering workflows with CI/CD process optimization using terraform: Reducing deployment time and operational overhead
Authors: David Akokodaripon  , Godwin Nzeako
Published: January 2025

This study explores the optimization of data engineering workflows through the integration of Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) practices, utilizing Terraform to reduce deployment time and operational overhead. The purpose of the research is to examine how Terraform's Infrastructure as Code (IaC) capabilities can streamline infrastructure provisioning and enhance the efficiency of data engineering processes. The study employed a comprehensive review of current CI/CD practices, analyzing the impact of Terraform on deployment efficiency, operational complexity, and regulatory compliance. Through an in-depth analysis, key findings reveal that Terraform significantly enhances automation, resulting in reduced manual intervention, faster deployment cycles, and consistent infrastructure management. However, the study also identifies challenges, including regulatory compliance, data security, and the need for skilled personnel, as barriers to the effective implementation of CI/CD optimization. To address these challenges, the study recommends a strategic approach that includes integrating AI and machine learning into CI/CD pipelines, enhancing compliance and security measures, and fostering a cultural shift within organizations to adopt agile development practices.
The study concludes that the optimization of CI/CD processes using Terraform offers a robust framework for improving the agility and security of data engineering workflows. Nevertheless, it emphasizes the need for continuous research and innovation to address regulatory, operational, and inclusivity challenges. The study recommends a proactive approach to compliance, ongoing workforce training, and the exploration of CI/CD integration in diverse global settings. By advancing these strategies, organizations can achieve a more resilient and efficient data engineering environment, aligning with the evolving demands of the digital landscape.
Facial darier-ferrand dermatofibrosarcoma: A case report with review of the literature
Authors: Imane El Aissaoui  , Nada-Imane Daghouri  , Rim Labbaci  , Otmane Taybi  , Issam Diher  , Adil Dehhaze
Published: January 2025

Darier-Ferrand Dermatofibrosarcoma (DFS) is a rare mesenchymal tumor of intermediate malignancy, characterized by the proliferation of spindle cells within the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissues. This neoplasm is defined by slow growth but is notable for its marked local aggressiveness and high potential for recurrence without appropriate treatment. Diagnosis is based on histopathological examination, and surgical excision with margins of at least 5 cm remains the standard treatment to ensure complete tumor removal and minimize the risk of local recurrence.

The aim of this study is to describe the management of a patient with Darier and Ferrand dermatofibrosarcoma of the face and to review the literature
Studi Kerusakan Umbi Kentang Akibat Cendawan Patogen Pascapanen pada Beberapa Pasar di Kota Ambon
Authors: Samponu Welmince , Leiwakabessy Christoffol , Rumahlewang Wihelmina , Uruilal Costanza , Talahaturuson Abraham
Published: January 2025

The study aims to determine the level of damage to potato tubers due to post-harvest pathogenic fungi attacks in several traditional markets in Ambon City. This study is a survey study at the Mardika, Passo, and Rumahtiga markets. The results of the study found one type of post-harvest pathogenic fungus that attacks potato tubers in traditional markets in Ambon City, namely Fusarium spp. which is the cause of dry rot disease in potato tubers. The level of damage to potato tubers due to Fusarium spp. attacks is classified as severe, found in the Mardika market at 70.81% and the Transit Passo market at 60.91%. While in the Rumahtiga market only 31.62% are classified as moderate damage.
Kajian Identifikasi dan Dominansi Gulma pada Areal Pertanaman Kelapa di Dusun Hulung Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Authors: Harianja Hanya Sari , Tanasale Vilma Laurien , Riry Johan
Published: January 2025

Coconut crop production cannot be maintained and tends to decline. This research aims to identify types of weeds and find the dominant weed types in coconut planting areas. This research was carried out in a coconut farming area in Hulung in May 2024. The tools used in this research were a camera, a frame measuring 1x1 m, a cutter, an oven, analytical scales, a handheld, and an analytical balance manual. This research uses the vegetation survey method to collect data by field observations. In carrying out the vegetation analysis, the quadratic method was used by placing sample plots measuring 1m x 1m on 6 trees randomly. From the results of observing weeds in Hulung village, it shows that in the coconut plantation area, there are 20 types of weeds, 14 types of broadleaf weeds, 3 types of fern weeds, 2 types of grass weeds and 1 type of grass weed.The weeds Digitaria cilliaris, Commelina diffusa burn, Digitarius sanguinalis and weeds and Sphagneticola trilobata L) have high SDR values ​​compared to other types of weeds. The dominant weed types in the coconut plantation area in Hulung Hamlet are the grass weed Digitaria ciliaris and broadleaf weed types. Annual weeds dominate coconut plantation areas.
Metacognitive Strategies to Pronounciation in English Education Study Program of Pattimura University
Authors: Nikijuluw Renata Vigeleyn , Monica Monica
Published: January 2025

One of the learning activities impacted by the transmission of the COVID-19 virus was a listening exercise in a university classroom. Regarding that assertion, listening comprehension requires help from learners' English language components and lecturers' aid. The study's objectives were: 1) to describe the influence of synchronous and asynchronous audio in online learning (Synchronous and Asynchronous in English Education Study Program); 2) to describe students' listening comprehension; and 3) to determine the positive and significant influence of synchronous and asynchronous audio in online learning on student listening comprehension. This study used a quantitative technique using Ex-post Facto research as the design. Purposive sampling was used to choose 32 students from the English Education Study Program in 2018 and 2019. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and the students' listening final grades were evaluated using IBM SPSS 20.0. The findings of this study revealed that: 1) Synchronous and Asynchronous at English Education Study Program was in the medium category, as the highest score was 76; 2) Students' Listening Comprehension was in the "A" category, as the mean score was 82; 3) Synchronous and Asynchronous have a favorable and substantial impact on students' listening comprehension, as evidenced by the coefficient determinant value of 0.267 (26.7%). The findings of this study are intended to be valuable to lecturers, students, and other researchers.
Pengaruh Citra Merek, Persepsi Harga dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Makanan Kucing Merek Cat Choice di Toko Phiko Cat Shop Balikpapan
Authors: Winny Gusmiranda  , Dewi Sartika
Published: January 2025

This study seeks to examine the influence of Brand Image, Price Perception and Product Quality on Purchasing Decisions, both individually and simultaneously. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected through respondents, observations, and documentation, with a sample size of 96 respondents. Data analysis methods include Validity and Reliability Testing, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Hypothesis Testing, conducted using SPSS version 20. The findings indicate that: (1) Brand Image, Price Perception, and Product Quality collectively have a significant impact on the Purchase Decision of Cat Choice Brand Cat Food at Phiko Cat Shop Balikpapan; (2) Brand Image individually has a significant effect on the Purchase Decision of Cat Choice Brand Cat Food at Phiko Cat Shop Balikpapan; (3) Price Perception individually has a significant effect on the Purchase Decision of Cat Choice Brand Cat Food at Phiko Cat Shop Balikpapan; and (4) Product Quality individually has a significant effect on the Purchase Decision of Cat Choice Brand Cat Food at Phiko Cat Shop Balikpapan.
Dispossession Cycles and Resistance: Historical Continuums in the Deportation of First Nations Peoples
Authors: Gerard Alison , Gainsford Annette
Published: January 2025

This article surveys the historical and contemporary context of Indigenous peoples’ entanglement in systems of criminal justice and migration control. Government attempts to remove First Nations peoples from Australia under visa cancellation provisions present a striking contemporary development in border control. Despite the High Court of Australia’s ruling that ‘Aboriginal Australians’ cannot be ‘aliens’ and therefore subject to visa cancellation provisions, Indigenous peoples continue to be targeted for exclusion and subject to the gaze of border control authorities. We use documentary research and draw on two case studies to explore the historical use of deportation to target First Nations peoples. We identify previous attempts to achieve law reform to rectify past injustices and prevent Indigenous peoples from being caught up in migration laws aimed at excluding non-citizens. We review the extensive literature on Love v Commonwealth and analyse the expanded visa cancellation provisions that have resulted in increased numbers of people being targeted for removal, and removed, from Australia. When analysed against the long shadow of colonisation, we argue that these applications of criminal and migration law represent a continuation of attempted exclusion and dispossession that has been, and continues to be, actively resisted by Indigenous peoples. In analysing the cyclical nature of dispossession and its resistance, the complex interaction of criminal and migration law can be seen to have created novel impacts for First Nations peoples in Australia.
Catalitic etching of silicon in hydrazine solutions
Authors:   Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian academy of sciences, Zubov D. N. , Sokolov S. A. ,   Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian academy of sciences
Published: January 2025

In this work data of determination of silicon etching rates in hydrazine solutions are presented. Also some data of comparison experiments with amines are presented. This experiments clearly shows that main action of hydrazine is catalytic. Another part of this work dedicated to silicon surface morphology evolution during etching in hydrazine solutions.
EDITORIAL STATUS OF THE JOURNAL
Authors: Sadio-Ramos Fernando José , Ortiz-Molina María Angustias
Published: January 2025

Information about the history and functioning
Influence of etiopathogenetic factors on the development of chronic periodontitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Emelyanov D. V.
Published: January 2025

Periodontitis is an irreversible periodontal disease with periods of remission and exacerbations, rapid progression and resistance to treatment. Periodontal inflammation is most often caused by specific dental microorganisms present in large numbers in niches on the surface of the teeth and further in periodontal pockets. The resulting microbial dysbacteriosis, in conjunction with disproportionate inflammatory immune reactions of a person, contributes to the development of inflammatory conditions, which leads to tissue destruction. Studies of the causal relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases indicate that periodontal pathogens and the resulting immune­­inflammatory reactions are associated with the etiopathogenesis of most non­­infectious systemic diseases, including non­­alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The article presents the results of using a data set to obtain information about factors that can directly influence the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis in patients with NAFLD.
Objective — to investigate the cause­­and­­effect relationships between potential risk factors for the development of chronic periodontitis in patients with non­­alcoholic fatty liver disease to determine a reliable diagnostic tool for the prevention of periodontitis.
Materials and methods. The study included 259 patients with verified NAFLD. After pre­­processing of the data, 10 most important factors were identified, which were arranged into 4 components from 53 potential ones used as input features. Principal component analysis was assessed using the varimax rotation method with Kaiser normalization. To identify factors, we used a value of >1 and a factor load of >0.4.
Results. Factor analysis revealed 4 components (factors) of periodontitis risk (alimentary, salivary, hygienic and metabolic) which together explained 72% of the variance of the measurements. The analysis noted the influence of unhealthy eating habits and oral hygiene and changes in oral fluid on periodontal health, especially in the context of NAFLD.
Conclusions. The results obtained make it possible to develop new approaches to the prevention and treatment of periodontitis, especially in patients with metabolic diseases.
DETERMINATION OF THE OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY LEVEL OF VEHICLES
Authors: Zagorodnii Nikolai
Published: January 2025

The study objective is to determine the level of operational reliability of the company's vehicles.
The problem to which the paper is devoted is to develop an algorithm for calculating the influence of factors on the system of operational reliability of vehicles.
Research methods are forecasting, experiment, mathematical modeling, statistical analysis, system analysis, machine aging theory, reliability theory, probability theory, control theory.
The novelty of the work. A technique is developed to control operational reliability, which includes an algorithm for calculating the influence of factors on the operational reliability system.
Study results. One of the main scientific tasks is to develop a technique for forecasting and assessing the level of operational reliability of vehicles as an indicator characterizing the ability of an enterprise to ensure the readiness of vehicles to fulfill their tasks.
Conclusions: Implementation of the developed algorithm in motor transport enterprises makes it possible to determine the level of operational reliability of vehicles, including the provision of restoring the level of operational reliability to its maximum value.
USE OF MACHINE LEARNING TO IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF PLANNING ENGINE OIL SUPPLY
Authors: Laushkin Eduard , Chernov Valery , Pashinin Valery
Published: January 2025

Application of machine learning to calculate the supply of motor oils to railway grounds is considered. The study objective is to use artificial intelligence and other machine learning methods to ensure the supply of motor oils and to provide stable operation of traction rolling stock. The possibility of using machine learning to improve the accuracy of planning the supply of motor oils to railway grounds, excluding the human factor from the calculation, is analyzed. The following research methods are used: the method of using a heat map, machine learning methods, intelligence analysis, and linear regression. As a result of the study, it is found that it is more expedient to use Lasso Regression when developing a program for calculating the supply of motor oils for its use in traction rolling stock.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ARGON ARC WELDING ON THE STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AMg2-10%TiC AND AMg6-10%TiC COMPOSITE MATERIALS, OBTAINED BY SHS METHOD IN A MELT
Authors: Sherina Yuliya , Luts Al'fiya , Timoshkin Ivan , Zyrin Ilya
Published: January 2025

The paper gives the results of evaluating the effect of argon arc welding on the structure and properties of AMg2-10%TiC and AMg6-10%TiC composite materials produced by SHS method in a melt. During the research, permanent welded joints are obtained, characterized by single defects such as pores and lack of fusion. Metallographic analysis shows that, unlike matrix alloys, there is no grain heterogeneity on welded samples of composite materials after crystallization of the welding bath and an equiaxed cellular structure is formed. It is found out that the welding operation leads to grain growth on all samples, but dispersed reinforcing phase slows down this process, and the smallest size of the dendritic cell, regardless of the welding zone, is observed in AMg2-10%TiC sample. At the same time, the content of titanium carbide particles in welded samples of composite materials is noted in all three zones of the weld joint, although its amount decreases as it approaches the weld. It is also found out that additional beta-phase release of Al3Mg2 composition may occur in the welding zone, but there is no Al4C3 compound, which indicates the thermodynamic stability of the titanium carbide phase. The evaluation of mechanical properties shows more satisfactory characteristics for AMg2-10%TiC composite material, which makes it possible to recommend it for the manufacture of structures with welded joints operating under static compressive loads.
A PERCEPÇÃO DA VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA PELOS ENFERMEIROS RESIDENTES DA ENFERMAGEM OBSTÉTRICA NA REGIÃO NORTE
Authors: Araújo Elizabeth Pinheiro , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Parente Andressa Tavares , Camacho Elyade Nelly Pires Rocha , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Almeida Malena da Silva , Calandrini Tatiana do Socorro dos Santos
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: compreender a percepção dos residentes de Enfermagem Obstétrica sobre a violência obstétrica. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo do tipo descritivo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa realizado com residentes de enfermagem obstétrica através de entrevista semiestruturada. As entrevistas foram transcritas na íntegra, e foram realizados o tratamento e análise dos dados. Em seguida foram estabelecidas duas categorias: 1) A enfermagem obstétrica: os significados da violência obstétrica; 2) O processo de trabalho da enfermagem obstétrica e as barreiras para o combate da violência; 3) A formação da enfermagem obstétrica: elo para a mudança da violência obstétrica. Resultados: observa-se que a maioria dos residentes reconhecem a violência obstétrica e sabem como reduzir as práticas violentas nos cenários em que atuam, entretanto, a falta de autonomia e a falta de aceitabilidade à mudança por parte dos profissionais se torna um obstáculo para esse combate à violência. Conclusão: o estudo proporcionou explorar os significados dos residentes sobre a violência obstétrica, além de destacar a importância da mesma, visto que é a ciência que prioriza o acolhimento, respeito à vontade da mulher e a educação em saúde, ferramentas que são imprescindíveis para o combate e mudança do atual modelo.
Administrative law governing the activities of law enforcement agencies under Martial Law
Authors: Holodnyk Yurii , Savranchuk Liudmyla , Voznyk Mikhail , Horbach-Kudria Ivanna , Kuzyk Viacheslav
Published: January 2025

Effective and timely performance of duties by law enforcement officers under martial law is an important step on the way to restoring law and order disturbed by the armed conflict. The aim of the study was to analyze the structure of the mechanism of administrative law governing the activities of law enforcement agencies under martial law. The multiple-aspect research object determined the use of a wide range of methods, such as the comparative analysis and the method of comparative law. In this sense, implementing measures by the police to provide a technical forensic examination of the scene upon the discovery of suspicious explosive devices and ammunition is considered effective for ensuring law and order during martial law. During an armed conflict, the law enforcement officers carry out their activities in compliance with the provisions of administrative law governing law enforcement activities under martial law. A coordinated structure of law enforcement agencies during martial law helps to establish law and order and observe human rights and freedom. Further research on the activities of law enforcement agencies under martial law may focus on developing practical recommendations regarding the effectiveness of police activities, and these may be demining the territory and inspecting the scene by the police in the event of the discovery of explosive devices.
El Constitucionalismo Multinivel En México En Materia De Derechos Humanos (Un Blindaje Nacional)
Authors: Tapia Hernández Erick Francisco
Published: January 2025

El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es identificar la justa dimensión del constitucionalismo multinivel en México en cuanto a la protección de derechos humanos. Para este propósito, se utilizan de manera enunciativa y no limitativa los métodos deductivo, inductivo, dialógico y exegético. Como resultado principal, se evidencia que la legislación mexicana busca soslayar la injerencia de instancias supra y subnacionales en la protección de los derechos humanos. Tras un estudio pormenorizado de lo anterior, se concluye que México cuenta con un blindaje jurídico que, en la medida de lo posible, garantiza que el Poder Judicial de la Federación sea quien emita de manera primordial las resoluciones y criterios en derechos humanos, sin tomar en cuenta opiniones externas. Esto se ha logrado emitiendo criterios propios, que limitan la competencia de los demás órganos nacionales e internacionales que podrían dirimir controversias en la materia.
The eye-gaze following mechanisms in naturalistic scenes: Evidence from an eye tracker study
Authors: Monachesi Bianca , Pecchinenda Anna , kuhn Gustav
Published: January 2025

Processing eye-gaze and aligning one’s own attention with the gaze direction of others (gaze following) is a crucial ability and it underpins several cognitive and affective mechanisms. However, we know little about how this gaze following operates in realistic scenarios in adults. The present study addresses this gap by presenting naturalistic scenes, in which models were portrayed centrally or peripherally (7°), with their eye gaze directed straight ahead, averted towards an object (valid cue) or away from it (invalid cue), while maintaining a straight head position. Eye movements were recorded while participants (N = 60) performed two tasks: a free viewing task to assess spontaneous gaze following, and a visual search task, to assess attentional shifts based on the observed gaze direction. Findings from the free viewing task showed that participants spontaneously looked faster at validly cued objects (i.e., gaze cueing effect) and they looked longer at the cued objects independently of whether the face was present centrally or peripherally. Importantly, in the visual search task, the cueing effects were also present when face cues were presented peripherally and in absence of overt attentional orienting. This finding provides new evidence on the spontaneity of gaze following in ecological contexts and offers theoretical insights on this important social cognitive ability.
Decoding child speech in silence and noise: the type of background noise shapes adult's processing
Authors: Samimifar Marzie , Bulgarelli Federica
Published: January 2025

Processing speech that is non-canonical (i.e., child-produced speech) and/or presented in background noise can pose challenges for listeners. We investigated how listening to child-produced speech affects young adults’ word recognition under varying noise conditions. Participants (n=121) completed a two-picture eye-tracking task in one of three conditions: no background noise, pink background noise, and real-world background noise from LENA recordings. Participants heard a child or adult (Speaker-Age) direct attention to a generic (e.g., keys) or child-specific (e.g., potty; Item-Type) item. We examined the effect of Speaker-Age and Item-Type on participants’ looking time. In no background noise, accuracy was high, but participants were more accurate for adult speech and generic items. Both pink noise and real-world noise increased task difficulty. While participants were still more accurate for generic items in pink noise, the effect of the Speaker-Age was removed. Adding real-world noise removed the effects of both Speaker-Age and Item-Type, suggesting that participants use background noise to predict who will speak and what they might speak about. Overall, our results show that child-produced speech is more challenging to process than adult-produced speech, but listeners’ expectations in processing the upcoming speech might vary based on the environmental noise conditions.
"Did I buy that just now?" – Investigating factors influencing the accuracy of food choice self-reports in a simulated online grocery store.
Authors: Manzke Leonie , O'Sullivan Kevin , Tiefenbeck Verena
Published: January 2025

Food choices profoundly impact population health and the environment. Related research often relies on self-reported data, which is prone to biases, compromising the accuracy and validity of conclusions about consumer behavior. There are few systematic validations of self-reported data with behavioral data, or examinations of predictors for their accuracy. Consequently, this study compares self-reported with observed food choices, by having participants (N = 290) complete a shopping task in a simulated online grocery store, followed immediately by shopping self-reports and a survey, therefore minimizing recall-related distortions to self-reports due to time delays. Nevertheless, on average, participants had reporting errors in 3.81 out of 29 categories, with accuracy as low as a mean of 44 % for categories with no cues provided. Reporting accuracy significantly increased to 78 % with image-based memory aids for specific product categories (e.g., apples), and to 89 % with text-based memory aids for general categories (e.g., vegetables). Contrary to expectations related to social desirability bias, processed foods, often perceived as unhealthy, were overreported.Regression analysis revealed mental load during shopping, deliberation time per item, and health-related identity as significant predictors of self-report accuracy, with mental load also predicting the accuracy of participants' estimates of the proportion of organic products in their shopping basket.Our findings show that even in conditions that minimize social desirability and recall limitations, substantial self-reporting errors persist. Accounting for mental load and product-specific biases is therefore necessary to enhance the validity of self-reports in food choice research.
Perception-Action Integration is Linked to Posterior Alpha/Beta Desynchronization
Authors: Pastötter Bernhard , Beste Christian , Munchau Alexander , Frings Christian
Published: January 2025

Stimulus-response (S-R) bindings, which integrate sensory stimuli and motor responses into event files, are transient yet essential for adaptive behavior. This study investigated the EEG oscillatory dynamics underlying S-R binding processes, focusing on the roles of event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related synchronization (ERS) in the alpha/beta and theta frequency ranges during the integration and maintenance phases of S-R bindings. Using the S1R1-S2R2 task with response-stimulus intervals (RSIs) of 1000 ms and 3000 ms between the prime response and the onset of the probe display, we examined behavioral partial repetition costs and their neural correlates. Behavioral results confirmed the transient nature of S-R bindings, with greater partial repetition costs observed in the shorter RSI condition. EEG time-frequency analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between alpha/beta power changes (ERD) during the initial integration time window around the prime response and behavioral S-R binding. Beamformer analysis localized this correlation effect to the secondary visual cortex. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between alpha power increase (ERS) during the maintenance time window before the probe display onset and behavioral S-R binding. No significant correlation between theta power and behavioral S-R binding was observed. Together, these findings highlight the distinct contributions of alpha/beta ERD and alpha ERS to the temporal dynamics of S-R bindings and advance our understanding of the neural oscillatory mechanisms underpinning perception-action integration and event-file maintenance.
The Impact of Aversive Contexts on Visuocortical Processing of Generalized Threat
Authors: Stegmann Yannik , Gamer Matthias
Published: January 2025

Adapting behavior to environmental demands is a fundamental aspect of survival. In the face of unfamiliar potential dangers, organisms display a wide range of defensive mechanisms, such as using contextual information to prepare for upcoming threats and extrapolating from previous experiences with similar encounters (threat generalization). While these individual mechanisms are increasingly well understood, their interactions remain elusive. Therefore, the current study aimed to orthogonally combine threat generalization with contextual information and measure correlates of defensive behavior on a subjective, autonomic and electrocortical level. Fifty-two human participants completed a threat generalization paradigm followed by a test phase in which the conditioned cues were presented against aversive or neutral contexts, respectively. Results revealed successful threat generalization for subjective and pupillary responses with overall heightened responses for cues presented in aversive compared to neutral contexts. For visuocortical activity as measured by steady-state visually evoked potentials (ssVEPs), this response pattern was separated into different frequencies. While the fundamental frequency showed the general main effect of aversive contexts, the second harmonic followed a generalization gradient, suggesting a segregation of competing attentional demands via neural harmonics. Together, these findings provide new insights into adaptive defensive behavior in complex situations, characterized by an additive model of different defensive processes.
Causal Role of Environmental Identity: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Urban Jan , Say Nicolas , Bahník Štěpán , Braun Kohlová Markéta , Stropnický Lukáš
Published: January 2025

Environmental identity has become an important construct and is hypothesized to be a causal factor of pro-environmental behavior. Existing meta-analyses and reviews of environmental identity literature did not specifically focus on the causal evidence of the effect of identity manipulation on pro-environmental behavior. The current meta-analysis summarizes causal evidence from experimental studies (120 effects sizes, total N = 15,228) that manipulated environmental identity and measured effects on outcome variables (pro-environmental behavior, intention, and attitude). We found that identity manipulation had a very small (d = 0.12) but statistically significant effect on outcome variables. However, the most common identity manipulation using the behavioral recall procedure had a smaller effect (d = 0.07) that did not reach statistical significance. The outcome or treatment type did not moderate the effect size. We also found a small effect of identity manipulation on identity constructs but a moderate to strong association between outcome variables and environmental identity. These results suggest that the evidence of the causal effect of identity on pro-environmental behavior and other outcome variables is very weak and partly or completely spurious. Future studies should focus on validating existing procedures for the manipulation of environmental identity and on developing alternative procedures.
Reverse-engineering what makes a symbol memorable
Authors: Roberts Brady Ryan Thomas , Bainbridge Wilma A.
Published: January 2025

Symbols may represent the first form of human visual communication, yet little is known about the cognitive and neural mechanisms supporting memory for these pervasive graphics. By investigating memory for everyday symbols, we can understand how abstract concepts are concretized with simple referents and later processed in visual memory systems. Recently, symbols have been found to be highly memorable, especially relative to words, but it remains unclear what drives their heightened memorability. We identified the key visual and conceptual attributes driving high memorability for symbols. Participants were tested on their memory for conventional symbols (e.g., !@#$%) before sorting them based on visual or conceptual features. Principle component analyses performed on the sorting data revealed which of these features predict memory for symbols. Generative artificial intelligence was then used to accentuate or downplay these predictive features to create a set of memorable and forgettable novel symbols. A memory test revealed that symbols designed to be memorable were not only better recognized than those designed to be forgettable, but they also afforded superior recall of associated abstract words. This work demonstrates that certain features drive memory for images and offers clear evidence that memory can be intentionally engineered.
Fuel Choices during Natural Shocks: Evidence from Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Naveen , Raut Nirmal Kumar
Published: January 2025

The adoption and use of clean cooking energy is a global and national priority; however, the household energy landscape of Nepal continues to rely heavily on biomass fuels like firewood, cow dung, and charcoal. Natural shocks can disrupt the utilization of relatively cleaner energy sources like biogas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). This study examines the impact of natural shocks on the adoption and usage of clean cooking fuels focusing on LPG. Using data from the third wave of the Household Risk and Vulnerability Survey 2018, logistic regression is employed to analyze both the likelihood of LPG adoption and household expenditure on LPG under conditions of natural shocks. The findings reveal that households experiencing natural shocks are 5 percent less on average likely to adopt biogas or LPG. Furthermore, household expenditure on LPG decreases by 4.43 percent relative to cooking fuel expenses particularly for firewood by the households experiencing natural shocks. This reduction highlights a decline in the intensity of clean energy use among households concurrently using LPG and firewood. These results underscore the negative effects of natural shocks on the transition to clean cooking fuels posing challenges to achieving sustainable adoption of clean energy solutions.
Grow Now, Clean Later: Evidence from South Asian Countries
Authors: K.C. Subin
Published: January 2025

The environmental Kuznet curve (EKC) postulates an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation, suggesting that as economies develop, environmental quality initially worsens before improving. The study aims to check whether South Asian countries follow the EKC hypothesis or not and also check the pattern of the EKC. Although this study confirms the traditional understanding of the EKC, it also identifies an alternative perspective suggesting an N-shaped trajectory for the EKC. Through an empirical analysis, this paper finds evidence supporting this N-shaped pattern, indicating a transition from degradation to improvement as economies progress. The findings have significant implications for policy makers and environmental advocates, highlighting the need for proactive measures to accelerate the transition toward sustainable development. Additionally, this emphasizes the importance of designing effective environmental policies, encouraging investments in clean technologies, and recognizing regional variations in the turning point of the N-shaped curve. Further research, including case studies and comparative analysis, is warranted to deepen our understanding of this relationship and facilitate informed decision making towards a more sustainable and resilient future.
Efficacy of generic Artémether -Lumefantrine versus originator Artémether -Lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Libreville: randomized, single-blind controlled phase 3 trial
Authors: Mfoumou Essono AF  , Akendengue B  , Tsoumbou Bakana G  , Agbanrin AA  , Pongui B  , Mawili-Mboumba DP  , Kouna Ndouongo P  , Bouyou Akotet M  , Boguikouma JB
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND In 2005, artemether -lumefantrine was approved as a first-line drug for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Gabon. Due to the high cost of the original drug, the National Health Insurance and Social Guarantee Fund (CNAMGS) promotes the prescription of generic medicines. Sartem - L forte from the GSEZ- Nkok Pharmaceutical Health laboratory is a generic manufactured in Gabon. This prospective equivalence study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Sartem - L forte compared to the innovative product Coartem®.
METHODS Participants aged 12 to 59 years with uncomplicated malaria were recruited and randomized to receive Sartem - L forte or Coartem ® as a control. They were expected to return to the study site for follow-up in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations. At each visit, thick and thin blood smears, thick dried blood films, hemoglobin concentrations, and temperature were performed and documented.
RESULTS Of 30 participants recruited, 22 met the inclusion criteria. The cure rate was, on day 3, 81.18% for Sartem - L forte and 100% for Coartem® and no early treatment failure was observed in both treatment arms. Both drugs showed good early clearance of parasites, with no participant experiencing significant peripheral parasitemia on day 3. Fever reduction was also excellent in both arms. No participant had a temperature >37.5°C on day 3.
CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that Sartem - L forte and Coartem® are equivalent and effective in the management of uncomplicated malaria in adolescents and adults in Gabon.
Coronary artery profile on coronary angiography in TMT positive female patients presenting in BPKIHS, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Rajan , Karki Prahlad , Pandey Naveen Kumar , Ghimire Jeet Prasad , Pandey Brijesh , Gyawali Achyut , Shrestha Sanjay , Thapa Bhuwan , Chaurasia Pawan , Thapa Malati
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND Diagnosis of Coronary artery disease by Coronary artery angiography is limited by its availability, cost and as an invasive procedure. Treadmill test is a noninvasive and easily available test for diagnosing as well as prognosis of coronary artery disease and is most commonly performed stress test for diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Women tend to have a greater release of catecholamines during exercise, which could potentiate coronary vasospasm and augment the incidence of abnormal exercise results. TMT in women have a relatively low diagnostic yield for CAD compared to men, especially when symptoms are atypical or non-specific.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE To analyze the coronary artery profile on Coronary Angiography (CAG) in TMT positive female patients.
METHODS This was a cross sectional observational study carried out over a period from 15th July 2024 to 15th October 2024 in Department of Cardiology. A total of 64 female patients with positive Treadmill test and underwent CAG after pre-test probability Results: A total of 64 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patient was 53.38±16.7 years. Hypertension was present in (43.8%) study female as must common risk factors. DM female patient was 35.9% study patients. Dyslipidemia was seen in 34.4% patients. CAD was seen in 29.7% of cases with significant CAD in 18.97% study patients. The most common coronary artery involved having significant disease during coronary angiogram was LAD in 38.89% of cases with CAD. Two third of patient who had CAD was at high pre-test probability categories.
CONCLUSIONS TMT has a low predictive value of CAD in female patients except those female TMT positive patients with a high pre-test probability score.
Thyroid Disorders in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mandal Rajesh Kumar
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem world wide. Diabetes and thyroid disorders influence each other and tend to coexist. The recognition of this relationship is essential for achieving treatment goals. So, we conducted this study to find out the prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with type two diabetes mellitus presenting to the department of internal medicine and endocrinology unit.
METHODS It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology unit of Bir Hospital from June 2018 to May 2018. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional review committee. Patients with Type two diabetes mellitus were evaluated for thyroid dysfunctions. The various thyroid dysfunctions with gender, age, control of diabetes and duration of diabetes were studied. The results were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
RESULTS The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among 50 patients enrolled was 15(30%) ( n-n at 95% confidence interval). Thyroid dysfunctions were greater in females 10(66.66%) while 5(33.33%) in male. Out of 15 cases with thyroid dysfunctions, sub-clinical hypothyroidism was the most prevalent 11(22%) followed by primary hyperthyroidism in 2(4%), primary hypothyroidism in 1(2%), and sub-clinical hyperthyroidism in 1(2%).
CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions was comparable from study from Eastern Nepal while higher than from study from Jordan and Greece. Sub-clinical hypothyroidism was the most frequently occurring thyroid dysfunction.