bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence enhanced sensors - enabling technologies to next-generation healthcare and biomedical platform
Authors: Wang Chan , He Tianyiyi , Zhou Hong , Zhang Zixuan , Lee Chengkuo
Published: August 2023

The fourth industrial revolution has led to the development and application of health monitoring sensors that are characterized by digitalization and intelligence. These sensors have extensive applications in medical care, personal health management, elderly care, sports, and other fields, providing people with more convenient and real-time health services. However, these sensors face limitations such as noise and drift, difficulty in extracting useful information from large amounts of data, and lack of feedback or control signals. The development of artificial intelligence has provided powerful tools and algorithms for data processing and analysis, enabling intelligent health monitoring, and achieving high-precision predictions and decisions. By integrating the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and health monitoring sensors, it becomes possible to realize a closed-loop system with the functions of real-time monitoring, data collection, online analysis, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations. This review focuses on the development of healthcare artificial sensors enhanced by intelligent technologies from the aspects of materials, device structure, system integration, and application scenarios. Specifically, this review first introduces the great advances in wearable sensors for monitoring respiration rate, heart rate, pulse, sweat, and tears; implantable sensors for cardiovascular care, nerve signal acquisition, and neurotransmitter monitoring; soft wearable electronics for precise therapy. Then, the recent advances in volatile organic compound detection are highlighted. Next, the current developments of human-machine interfaces, AI-enhanced multimode sensors, and AI-enhanced self-sustainable systems are reviewed. Last, a perspective on future directions for further research development is also provided. In summary, the fusion of artificial intelligence and artificial sensors will provide more intelligent, convenient, and secure services for next-generation healthcare and biomedical applications.
Effects of four drying methods on the quality, antioxidant activity and anthocyanin components of blueberry pomace
Authors: Zhang Lixia , Zhang Chenyan , Wei Zhaohui , Huang Wuyang , Yan Zheng , Luo Zisheng , Beta Trust , Xu Xueming
Published: August 2023

The effects of drying on the quality, antioxidant activity and anthocyanin components of blueberry pomace were investigated using hot air drying (HAD), freeze-drying (FD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD) and microwave freeze vacuum drying (MFD). The quality, antioxidant activity, and individual anthocyanin compositions of blueberry pomace were evaluated and compared with the non-dried control. MVD produced the highest levels of total phenols, total anthocyanins, total sugars and color values in blueberry pomace while HAD gave the lowest. The ABTS +and DPPH radical scavenging abilities of blueberry pomace were significantly high when MVD was used. Moreover, FD, MVD, and MFD resulted in the retention of significantly more anthocyanin species than HAD as determined by HPLC coupled to the mass spectrometer. Overall, MVD proved to be the best technique for preservation of antioxidant capacity and natural color. Therefore, MVD of blueberry pomace can improve efficiency and productivity of the blueberry fruit processing industry while reducing the environmental burden.

Graphical Abstract
Analysis of multi-particulate flow through the horizontal eccentric annulus considering the borehole cleaning
Authors: Deshmukh Vivek , Dewangan Satish Kumar
Published: August 2023

Multi-particulate flow CFD modelling is carried out while taking eccentricity into account considering drilling horizontal oil wells. The present work focuses on the effect of different cuttings sizes and their concentration on borehole cleaning. The carrier phase is a CMC-Bentonite solution which is a non-Newtonian fluid and the secondary phase is sand cuttings with different sizes. The RNG-k-ε turbulence mixture model is implemented along with the Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model. The present CFD work has been validated with different experimental work and analytical results. The cutting size distribution in terms of volume fraction has been plotted along the various planes. Contours for volume fraction for different cutting size and inlet cuttings concentrations are also obtained. The increase in turbulence kinetic energy through increase inlet axial slurry velocity and drillpipe rotation (from v = 1 m/s, N = 50 rpm to v = 3.5 m/s, N = 100 rpm) is very effective in reducing cuttings accumulation for slurry A. The migration of cuttings from stationary zone to suspension zone is high for larger cuttings as compared to smaller cuttings from plane P2. The equivalent two-phase simulation for considered five-phase flow of slurry A has the similar cuttings distribution.
Successful treatment of descending necrotizing mediastinitis by combining a cervical approach with artificial pneumomediastinum and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a case report
Authors: Tsuboi Mitsuhiro , Matsumoto Daisuke , Hirose Toshiyuki
Published: August 2023

Background

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a fatal disease that originates from odontogenic, pharyngeal, and cervical infections and spreads to the mediastinum. Although adequate drainage of the neck and mediastinum is important, it may be excessively invasive. We report a case of DNM treated using a cervical approach with artificial pneumomediastinum and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).

Case presentation

A 69-year-old male patient who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy 4 days prior to presentation was referred to our hospital for mediastinal air observed using computed tomography. He was diagnosed with DNM, and an emergency surgery was performed. We created a collar incision and performed drainage and debridement of the cervix. Then, we performed drainage of the retropharyngeal and upper mediastinum by inserting the mediastinoscope through the collar incision and creating artificial pneumomediastinum. Next, drainage of the thoracic cavity was performed during VATS. Subsequently, the abscess resolved, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 28 without severe complications.

Conclusions

Surgical drainage using a cervical approach with artificial pneumomediastinum and VATS was useful for treating this case of DNM. This procedure could be a viable option for minimally invasive surgery for DNM.
Homoharringtonine-Based Induction Regimen Improved the Remission Rate and Survival Rate in Chinese Childhood AML: A Report From the CCLG-AML 2015 Protocol Study
Authors: Li Jing , Gao Ju , Liu Ansheng , Liu Wei , Xiong Hao , Liang Changda , Fang Yongjun , Dai Yunpeng , Shao Jingbo , Yu Hui , Wang Lingzhen , Wang Li , Yang Liangchun , Yan Mei , Zhai Xiaowen , Shi Xiaodong , Tian Xin , Ju Xiuli , Chen Yan , Wang Jing , Zhang Leping , Liang Hui , Chen Sen , Zhang Jingrong , Cao Haixia , Jin Jiao , Hu Qun , Wang Junlan , Wang Yilin , Zhou Min , Han Yueqin , Zhang Rong , Zhao Weihong , Wang Xiaoli , Lin Limin , Zhang Ruidong , Gao Chao , Xu Liting , Zhang Yuanyuan , Fan Jia , Wu Ying , Lin Wei , Yu Jiaole , Qi Peijing , Huang Pengli , Peng Xiaoxia , Peng Yaguang , Wang Tianyou , Zheng Huyong ,   for the Chinese Children's Leukemia Group
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE

Homoharringtonine (HHT) is commonly used for the treatment of Chinese adult AML, and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been verified in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the efficacy and safety of HHT-based induction therapy have not been confirmed for childhood AML, and ATRA-based treatment has not been evaluated among patients with non-APL AML.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This open-label, multicenter, randomized Chinese Children's Leukemia Group-AML 2015 study was performed across 35 centers in China. Patients with newly diagnosed childhood AML were first randomly assigned to receive an HHT-based (H arm) or etoposide-based (E arm) induction regimen and then randomly allocated to receive cytarabine-based (AC arm) or ATRA-based (AT arm) maintenance therapy. The primary end points were the complete remission (CR) rate after induction therapy, and the secondary end points were the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) at 3 years.

RESULTS

We enrolled 1,258 patients, of whom 1,253 were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. The overall CR rate was significantly higher in the H arm than in the E arm (79.9% v 73.9%, P = .014). According to the intention-to-treat analysis, the 3-year OS was 69.2% (95% CI, 65.1 to 72.9) in the H arm and 62.8% (95% CI, 58.7 to 66.6) in the E arm ( P = .025); the 3-year EFS was 61.1% (95% CI, 56.8 to 65.0) in the H arm and 53.4% (95% CI, 49.2 to 57.3) in the E arm ( P = .022). Among the per-protocol population, who received maintenance therapy, the 3-year EFS did not differ significantly across the four arms (H + AT arm: 70.7%, 95% CI, 61.1 to 78.3; H + AC arm: 74.8%, 95% CI, 67.0 to 81.0, P = .933; E + AC arm: 72.9%, 95% CI, 65.1 to 79.2, P = .789; E + AT arm: 66.2%, 95% CI, 56.8 to 74.0, P = .336).

CONCLUSION

HHT is an alternative combination regimen for childhood AML. The effects of ATRA-based maintenance are comparable with those of cytarabine-based maintenance therapy.
Approach to the Patient With Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Cetani Filomena , Pardi Elena , Torregrossa Liborio , Borsari Simona , Pierotti Laura , Dinoi Elisa , Marcocci Claudio
Published: August 2023

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is usually associated with severe symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and accounts for less than 1% of all cases of PHPT and approximately 0.005% of all cancers. PC most commonly occurs as a sporadic disease and somatic CDC73 mutations can be detected in up to 80% of cases. Approximately 30% of patients harbor a germline mutation of the CDC73 gene. Preoperative diagnosis of PC is difficult because no disease-specific markers are available, and PC should be suspected in patients with severe hypercalcemia and end-organ complications. The diagnosis is based on the evidence of invasive tumor growth at histology and/or metastases. En bloc resection of the tumor, together with the ipsilateral thyroid lobe and adjacent structures, should be performed by an experienced surgeon when PC is suspected. This surgical approach reduces the risk of recurrence and metastasis and offers the highest chance of cure. Nonetheless, PC has a recurrence rate of 40% to 60% and, if feasible, multiple surgical procedures should be performed. When surgery is no longer an option, medical treatment is aimed to reduce hypercalcemia and target organ complications. Targeted agents have been effectively used in a few cases.

We describe herein a patient with severe PHPT due to PC and provide a systematic diagnostic and treatment approach. A thorough review of the medical history, a typical clinical and biochemical phenotype and, in some cases, the revision of the histological examination provide the clues for the diagnosis of PC.
Refractory Thyroid Storm Due to Graves Disease in a Patient With Thymic Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma
Authors: Alkwatli Kenda , Azmath Misbah , Grover Prashant , Luthra Pooja
Published: August 2023

Thyroid storm is a life-threatening endocrine emergency that warrants early clinical recognition and aggressive intervention. We present a 64-year-old female with no known history of thyroid disease, who presented to her primary care physician with dyspnea on exertion and was found to have an anterior mediastinal mass. She had elective thymectomy. Pathology confirmed thymic lymphoepithelial carcinoma. Postoperatively, she developed altered mental status, fever, and atrial fibrillation with marked elevation of thyroid hormones, consistent with thyroid storm. She decompensated rapidly and was treated aggressively with standard therapies for thyroid storm, including beta-blockers, methimazole, cholestyramine, steroids, and iodine, with poor response. The patient eventually underwent 4 sessions of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) with marked improvement in her symptoms. This case reports a possible association between thymic lymphoepithelial carcinoma and Graves disease and highlights the utility of TPE in cases of severe thyroid storm that are refractory to traditional treatments. We learn from this case that evaluating thyroid function tests in patients with thymic or mediastinal masses before surgery might be helpful. TPE should be considered in patients with thyroid storm refractory to traditional therapies.
Older Patients With Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Should Criteria for Surgery Be Expanded?
Authors: Bartz-Kurycki Marisa A , Dream Sophie , Yen Tina W , Doffek Kara , Shaker Joseph , Evans Douglas B , Wang Tracy S
Published: August 2023

Context

Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) can present with variable signs, symptoms, and end-organ effects. Clinical practice guidelines influence referral for consideration of parathyroidectomy.

Objective

This study compared the demographic, biochemical, and symptom profile and examine indications for surgery in patients older than 50 years who underwent parathyroidectomy to determine how changes to current guidelines may affect recommendations for parathyroidectomy.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of patients age 50 years or older who underwent initial parathyroidectomy for sporadic PHPT from 2012 to 2020. Patients were classified by indications for surgery per guideline criteria (classic, asymptomatic, and no criteria met) and age group (AG): 50 to 59 years; 60 to 69 years; 70 years or older. Patients were treated at a high-volume tertiary medical center by endocrine surgeons.

Results

Of 1182 patients, 367 (31%) classic and 660 (56%) asymptomatic patients met the criteria for surgery. The most common indications for surgery were extent of hypercalcemia (51%), osteoporosis (28%), and nephrolithiasis (27%). Of the 155 (13%) patients who did not meet the criteria, neurocognitive symptoms (AG1: 88% vs AG2: 81% vs AG3: 70%; P = .14) and osteopenia (AG1: 53% vs AG2: 68% vs AG3: 68%; P = .43) were frequently observed regardless of patient age. If the age threshold of younger than 50 years was expanded to 60, 65, or 70 years, an additional 61 (5%), 99 (8%), and 124 (10%) patients in the entire cohort would have met the guideline criteria for surgery, respectively.

Conclusion

Expanding current guidelines for PHPT to include a broader age range, osteopenia, and neurocognitive symptoms may allow for earlier surgical referral and evaluation for definitive treatment.
NEFA Dynamics in Adults With Severe Obesity and Insulin Resistance: No Coupling to the rs9939609 FTO Risk Allele
Authors: Mostad Ingrid Løvold , Grill Valdemar
Published: August 2023

Context

The FTO gene is highly expressed in adipose tissues; however, whether nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) dynamics are impacted by FTO has not been rigorously tested for in a uniformly obese study population comprising both sexes.

Objective

To test for associations of the rs9939609 FTO risk allele with NEFA suppression.

Methods

We investigated 97 subjects with severe obesity but without diabetes, having genotype TT (n = 32), AT (n = 31), or AA (n = 34) in a cross-sectional observation study. NEFA suppression was assessed from a low-dose hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp with glucose-tracer as well as from the response to a standardized meal. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hepatic and total insulin sensitivity measurements in the clamp and by the Matsuda index during the meal. Variables of possible importance for NEFA dynamics were primarily assessed by linear regression.

Results

No genotype associations with fasting or suppressed NEFA were found, whether in the clamp or meal situation (P > .7 for all comparisons). Independent of genotype, higher fasting concentrations of NEFA and larger NEFA suppression were found in female compared with male subjects. Fasting NEFA or degree of suppression were not associated with total fat mass or body mass index. The respiratory quotient was negatively associated with NEFA suppression.

Conclusion

In a gender-mixed adult population of obese individuals, an FTO obesity-risk allele did not affect fasting NEFA nor suppression thereof. These negative results on NEFA dynamics appear strengthened by the documentation of gender influence and associations with parameters reflective of insulin resistance.
kcnj13regulates pigment cell shapes in zebrafish and has diverged by cis-regulatory evolution betweenDaniospecies
Authors: Podobnik Marco , Singh Ajeet P. , Fu Zhenqiang , Dooley Christopher M. , Frohnhöfer Hans Georg , Firlej Magdalena , Stednitz Sarah J. , Elhabashy Hadeer , Weyand Simone , Weir John R. , Lu Jianguo , Nüsslein-Volhard Christiane , Irion Uwe
Published: August 2023

Teleost fish of the genus Danio are excellent models to study the genetic and cellular bases of pigment pattern variation in vertebrates. The two sister species Danio rerio and Danio aesculapii show divergent patterns of horizontal stripes and vertical bars that are partly caused by the divergence of the potassium channel gene kcnj13. Here, we show that kcnj13 is required only in melanophores for interactions with xanthophores and iridophores, which cause location-specific pigment cell shapes and thereby influence colour pattern and contrast in D. rerio. Cis-regulatory rather than protein coding changes underlie kcnj13 divergence between the two Danio species. Our results suggest that homotypic and heterotypic interactions between the pigment cells and their shapes diverged between species by quantitative changes in kcnj13 expression during pigment pattern diversification.
Conservation biogeography of riverine fishes in Greece
Authors: Βαβαλίδης Θεοχάρης
Published: August 2023

Τα ψάρια των εσωτερικών υδάτων χρησιμοποιούνται ευρέως ως βιογεωγραφικοί δείκτες για τη δημιουργία χαρτών οριοθέτησης των εσωτερικών υδάτων. Στην Ελλάδα διακρίνονται οκτώ οικοπεριφέρειες εσωτερικών υδάτων. Ωστόσο υπάρχουν διαφωνίες για τα ακριβή όρια αυτών. Χρησιμοποιώντας ένα εκτενές σύνολο δεδομένων πεδίου που αφορούν στα ψάρια των εσωτερικών υδάτων, οι βασικοί στόχοι της παρούσας διατριβής ήταν: 1) να διευκρινιστούν τεχνικές πτυχές που μπορεί να επηρεάσουν τις βιογεωγραφικές οριοθετήσεις, 2) να διακριθούν αβιοτικές διεργασίες που διαμορφώνουν το χωρικό πρότυπο των ψαριών των ποταμών μέσα στις οικοπεριφέρειες, και 3) να διερευνηθεί η επάρκεια κάλυψης των ειδών από το δίκτυο Natura 2000. Όπως προέκυψε από την παρούσα διατριβή αλλαγές στην ονοματολογία των ειδών, διαφορές στον τύπο των δεδομένων και στις μεθόδους οριοθέτησης μπορεί να προκαλέσουν διαφορές στα όρια των οικοπεριφερειών, οι οποίες μπορεί περεταίρω να επηρεάσουν τον σχεδιασμό διατήρησης της βιοποικιλότητας. Οι οικοπεριφέρειες εσωτερικών υδάτων της Θράκης και του Ιονίου ανέδειξαν χωρικά διακριτές συναθροίσεις ψαριών, η αντικατάσταση των ειδών είχε μεγαλύτερη συνεισφορά στη β–ποικιλότητα και πιο σημαντικές ήταν οι μεταβλητές που σχετίζονταν με τα τοπικά ενδιαιτήματα. Στην οικοπεριφέρεια της Μακεδονίας–Θεσσαλίας τα όρια των συναθροίσεων δεν ήταν σαφή, η β–ποικιλότητα επηρεάστηκε περισσότερο από τις διαφορές στην αφθονία των ειδών, ενώ μεγαλύτερη επίδραση είχαν οι ευρύτερες χωρικές μεταβλητές. Τα δεδομένα από τις δειγματοληψίες πεδίου έδειξαν επίσης σημαντικά κενά όσον αφορά την κάλυψη των ποτάμιων ψαριών από το δίκτυο Natura 2000, κυρίως σε περιοχές μέσου και χαμηλού υψομέτρου. Η χαρτογράφηση και η χωρική ερμηνεία των ποτάμιων ειδών ψαριών στην Ελλάδα παρέχει το απαραίτητο υπόβαθρο για την αποτελεσματική διαχείριση της διατήρησης της βιοποικιλότητας.
Μετά τα Τρωικά
Authors: Καλαμάρα Ζωή
Published: August 2023

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η σχολιασμένη έκδοση των αποσπασματικώς σωζόμενων τραγωδιών του Αισχύλου και του Σοφοκλή που σχετίζονται με πτυχές του νόστου των Αχαιών. Η διατριβή οργανώνεται σε επτά κεφάλαια, καθένα εκ των οποίων αντιστοιχεί και σε μία εξεταζόμενη τραγωδία. Κάθε τραγωδία αναλύεται σε δύο μέρη, με το πρώτο να έχει εισαγωγικό χαρακτήρα και το δεύτερο να περιλαμβάνει τον σχολιασμό των μαρτυριών και των αποσπασμάτων του δράματος. Οι τραγωδίες του Αισχύλου που μελετώνται στην διατριβή αυτή είναι οι Σαλαμίνιες, δράμα που σχετίζεται με τον αποτυχημένο νόστο του Τεύκρου και την εκδίωξή του από την Σαλαμίνα, καθώς και τα σχετικά με τον νόστο του Οδυσσέα δράματα Ψυχαγωγοί, Πηνελόπη, Οστολόγοι, τα οποία πιθανώς συγκροτούν μια ενιαία τραγική τριλογία. Ακολουθεί η παρουσίαση των σχετικών με πτυχές του νόστου των Αχαιών τραγωδιών του Σοφοκλή. Πρόκειται για τις τραγωδίες Τεύκρος, Ναυσικά ή Πλύντριαι, και Ναύπλιος Πυρκαεύς. Στον Τεύκρο, ο Σοφοκλής πραγματεύεται, όπως και ο Αισχύλος στις Σαλαμίνιες, τον αποτυχημένο νόστο του ήρωα στην πατρίδα του. Η Ναυσικά αποτελεί μια από τις οδυσσειακές τραγωδίες του ποιητή, ίσως την μόνη που πραγματεύεται κάποιο επεισόδιο σχετικό με τον νόστο του Οδυσσέα. Τέλος, ο Ναύπλιος Πυρκαέας σχετίζεται με την εκδίκηση του Ναυπλίου και την οργή των θεών, οι οποίες συνδυάζονται και οδηγούν στο ναυάγιο και στην καταστροφή μέρους του αχαϊκού στόλου κατά την διάρκεια του ταξιδιού της επιστροφής των Ελλήνων από την Τροία. Μέσω της ανασύνθεσης της πλοκής και του σχολιασμού των τραγωδιών του νόστου είμαστε σε θέση να παρακολουθήσουμε τον τρόπο με τον οποίον ο Αισχύλος και ο Σοφοκλής διαχειρίζονται συνολικά τον μεταπολεμικό τρωικό μύθο και επιλέγουν να προσεγγίσουν την παράδοση, ερχόμενοι σε συμφωνία με τα προηγούμενα μοντέλα ή προτείνοντας εναλλακτικές εκδοχές και επανερμηνεύοντας μυθολογικά θέματα. Οι ποιητές εμπλέκονται σε έναν διαρκή διακειμενικό διάλογο με τα πρότυπά τους, τα οποία συχνά επανερμηνεύουν και αναπλάθουν.
Πολιτικές πολιτισμού στην Βοσνία-Ερζεγοβίνη
Authors: Σταματάκης Ανδρέας
Published: August 2023

Στόχος της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η ενδελεχής ανάλυση του ρόλου του πολιτισμού ως δομικού στοιχείου για τη διαμόρφωση των εθνοτικών ταυτοτήτων στη Βοσνία – Ερζεγοβίνη, καθώς και της ζωτικής του συνεισφοράς για την επίτευξη βιώσιμης ανάπτυξης (οικονομικής, κοινωνικής και περιβαλλοντικής) και ενίσχυσης της εικόνας της χώρας στο εξωτερικό.Η ανάλυση του πολυδιάστατου κοινωνικού φαινόμενου του πολιτισμού δεν εξαντλείται μόνο στην χαρτογράφηση των εξωτερικών χαρακτηριστικών του (τέχνες, μνημεία, μουσεία, παραδόσεις, έθιμα, κλπ) σε μια χώρα με πλούσιο πολιτιστικό κεφάλαιο όπως είναι η Βοσνία – Ερζεγοβίνη, αλλά κυρίως εξετάζεται ως προς τη δυναμική του για τη διαμόρφωση του αξιακού κώδικα που διαμορφώνει την πολιτική και κοινωνική συμπεριφορά των πολιτών της βοσνιακής κοινωνίας και κατ’ επέκταση επηρεάζει τον τρόπο διακυβέρνησης του κράτους.Στο πλαίσιο αυτό αναλύονται οι ιστορικές συνθήκες που επηρέασαν και σε μεγάλο βαθμό συνεχίζουν να επηρεάζουν τη διαμόρφωση των εθνοτικών ταυτοτήτων, καθώς και το κοινωνικοπολιτικό πλαίσιο, εξετάζοντας το καταλυτικό ρόλο που διαδραματίζουν τα πολιτικά κόμματα, το εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα, τα ΜΜΕ και οι αστικές αναπλάσεις, για τη διαμόρφωση των πολτιστικών ταυτοτήτων των εθνοτικών ομάδων. Η εργασία ιχνηλατεί τα θεωρητικά μοντέλα διαμόρφωσης των πολιτιστικών πολιτικών, των πολιτιστικών ταυτοτήτων και της εικόνας των κρατών και πως αυτά εφαρμόζονται στη Βοσνία – Ερζεγοβίνη, σε μια χώρα που έχει άμεση ανάγκη να προχωρήσει στην υιοθέτηση μεταεθνοτικών πολιτιστικών πολιτικών που θα συμβάλλουν στην ενίσχυση του πολιτικού/αστικού εθνικισμού ως αναγκαία προϋπόθεση για τη δημιουργία ενός δημοκρατικού και φιλελεύθερου κράτους, αλλά και προϋπόθεση για την επίτευξη διεθονοτικής προσέγγισης μεταξύ των διαφορετικών εθνοτικών ομάδων που διαβιούν στη χώρα ώστε να διασφαλιστεί η ενιαία κρατική του υπόσταση.Στην περίπτωση της Βοσνίας – Ερζεγοβίνης με τις βαθιές πληγές που έχει αφήσει ο πόλεμος, την υψηλή ανεργία, την έντονη μετανάστευση, την αλλοίωση της πληθυσμιακής σύνθεσης στις πόλεις εξαιτίας των εκτοπισμών και την έλλειψη εμπιστοσύνης τόσο μεταξύ των μελών των τριών εθνοτικών ομάδων όσο και του συνόλου των πολιτών προς τους πολιτικούς, η χάραξη και εφαρμογή αποτελεσματικών πολιτιστικών πολιτικών λαμβάνει διαφορετική διάσταση, καθώς οι πολιτικές ηγεσίες καλούνται όχι μόνο να λάβουν μέτρα που θα συμβάλλουν στη διάσωση του πολιτιστικού φαινομένου, αλλά και να δημιουργήσουν τις απαραίτητες συνθήκες ώστε να επουλωθούν οι παραπάνω πληγές. Μέσω της έρευνας που πραγματοποιήθηκε για τη συγγραφή της διδακτορικής διατριβής αναδεικνύονται με ενάργεια οι παθογένειες της βοσνιακής κοινωνίας και πολιτικού συστήματος και διατυπώνονται προτάσεις για την εξάλειψη τους με την υιοθέτηση συγκεκριμένων μέτρων. Με τον τρόπο αυτό προτείνεται ένα μοντέλο πολιτιστικής διαχείρισης που θα μπορούσε να είναι χρήσιμο για χώρες που αντιμετωπίζουν παρόμοια προβλήματα με τη Βοσνία – Ερζεγοβίνη και επιθυμούν να επιτύχουν κοινωνική συναίνεση, οικονομική ανάπτυξη και να ενισχύσουν την εικόνα τους στο εξωτερικό.
Global indicators framework for socially responsible research and innovation (RRI): Aligning standards to monitor public and researcher perspectives with the UNESCO Recommendation on Science and Scientific Researchers
Authors: Jensen Eric A.
Published: August 2023

As calls for more socially responsible research and innovation (RRI) policies and practices grow more insistent, the need for high-quality indicators that can be used to evaluate progress is becoming increasingly important. Given the global nature of science, such indicators need to be relevant to countries across all world regions. Moreover, the methodological quality of indicators is critical to provide a strong foundation for long-term comparative measurement of the impacts of different kinds of policy intervention. There is a practical challenge here, given the uneven mechanisms for data collection and analysis available in different countries. There is also a geopolitical challenge in gaining buy-in from countries with very different, and sometimes competing, agendas. Here, the 2017 UNESCO-led Recommendation on Science and Scientific Researchers is highlighted as an existing vehicle that can enable cooperation on globally comparative measurement of socially responsible research and innovation. In particular, the quadrennial monitoring of the implementation of this wide-ranging global policy instrument that has been ratified by 195 countries affords a unique opportunity to add value for these countries by linking RRI to the 2017 Recommendation while establishing benchmark indicators for RRI more generally. As a practical and methodological contribution to the global community of science and innovation policymakers, researchers and research and innovation stakeholders committed to socially responsible research, this report contains detailed survey questions and response options focusing on public opinion and individual researchers’ level of measurement. It provides details of sources of benchmark survey data that have readily available open data that can be used to benchmark the development of socially responsible research and innovation over time from the vantage points of the public and researchers around the world. The aim of this kind of science ecosystem-level indicators framework is to enable evidence-based practice in socially responsible research and innovation.
Acceptance of the disease by patients over 70 with chronic heart failure
Authors: Sternal Danuta , Dzięcielska Ewa , Bąk Ewelina
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Chronic circulatory failure is a very serious and complex problem, constituting a significant health problem not only in Poland, but also worldwide. Treated patients with chronic circulatory failure in everyday life experience many limitations and requirements from the disease, which in many respects is difficult to accept.
Aim: Diagnosing the disease acceptance rate and understanding the impact of sociodemographic variables, variables specific to clinical parameters, on the degree of disease acceptance by patients with chronic heart failure hospitalized in the hospital.
Materials and methods: The research was carried out using the diagnostic survey method, using the author's own questionnaire and the AIS disease acceptance scale. The study was conducted among 98 patients of the Cardiology Department of the Railway Hospital in Wilkowice-Bystra.
Results: The analysis of the degree of acceptance of the disease gives an average value of 21.49. The obtained result is in the lower limit of the reference range, indicating an average level of disease acceptance and adaptation to functioning in everyday life with its presence, while the obtained minimum value (8) and Q1 (17) indicate a low disease acceptance rate.
Conclusions: On the basis of the conducted research, it is found that the average and low rate of accepting the disease by the subjects and adapting to it with a sense of psychological discomfort resulting from its presence in everyday life.
Inventory Control and Learning for One-Warehouse Multistore System with Censored Demand
Authors: Bekci Recep Yusuf , Gümüş Mehmet , Miao Sentao
Published: August 2023

Efficient Learning Algorithms for Dynamic Inventory Allocation in Multiwarehouse Multistore Systems with Censored Demand

Motivated by collaboration with a prominent fast-fashion retailer in Europe, the researchers focus their attention on the one-warehouse multistore (OWMS) inventory control problem, specifically addressing scenarios in which the demand distribution is unknown a priori. The OWMS problem revolves around a central warehouse that receives initial replenishments and subsequently distributes inventory to multiple stores within a finite time horizon. The objective lies in minimizing the total expected cost. To overcome the hurdles posed by the unknown demand distribution, the researchers propose a primal-dual algorithm that continuously learns from demand observations and dynamically adjusts inventory control decisions in real time. Thorough theoretical analysis and empirical evaluations highlight the promising performance of this approach, offering valuable insights for efficient inventory allocation within the ever-evolving retail industry.
Homing in on Technology
Authors: Wade Andrew
Published: August 2023

A new £20m research centre will explore home-based technology to help people living with dementia.
Breaking Tensions to See Through Sheets of Strength
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: August 2023

A new processing technique can turn transparent polythene into a stronger material than aluminium, with implications for several industrial sectors
Investing, Leading, Building, and Ending the HIV Epidemic: The PoWER of Collaborative Learning for Community-Based Organizations in the South
Authors: Colbert Kia , Blais Linelle , Smith-Bankhead Neena , Mathews Christopher , Fils-Aime Rebecca , Meadows Candace , Gallego Susan , Placona Victoria
Published: August 2023

Summary: The PoWER Series is the Emory COMPASS Coordinating Center's (ECCC) most intensive strategy for assisting organizations with transforming organizational practice, improving systems and operations, and ensuring data-driven service outcomes. COMPASS Coordinating Center's partners who have completed PoWER have developed the infrastructure of their organization, increased their knowledge, secured additional funding, and developed new partnerships.
Developing an HIV and Faith Ambassador Program in North Carolina
Authors: Mathews Allison , Sloan Mia , Banister Tarsha , McCoy Demi , Boyce William , Jones Shonda
Published: August 2023

Summary: This report from the field describes the development of the HIV & Faith Ambassadors Program to cultivate a cohort of Black faith leaders/communities and Black medical providers to address HIV-related stigma in African American faith communities in North Carolina.
Sharing Lived Experiences of HIV Stigmatization: Process of Disseminating a Traveling Photovoice Exhibit
Authors: Pichon Latrice C. , Jewell Erin N. , Diehl Reighan E. , Stubbs Andrea W. , Thompson Daniel E. , Hurd-Sawyer LaRonia , Campbell Bettina , Teti Michelle
Published: August 2023

Summary: A Memphis-based, community-academic partnership created Snap Out Stigma , a photovoice project, to understand lived experiences of HIV stigma among people with HIV. This report describes traveling photovoice exhibit dissemination strategies, lessons learned, and goals for the future of photovoice dissemination activities and community engagement in Memphis.
Operationalizing Equity-centered Implementation Through Person-centered Care Capacity-building with HIV Service Organizations: The SUSTAIN Approach
Authors: Stanton Megan C. , Ali Samira B. , McCormick Katie A. , Aguilar Lladira , Aviles Ale , Keo Bec Sokha , Stanley Marcus , Traylor Masonia , Wilson Maria
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Capacity-building in trauma-informed care and harm reduction approaches with Southern HIV service organizations must be implemented in ways that foster trust and spur organizational change. Using an equity-centered implementation science framework, this study examines implementation strategies of the SUSTAIN COMPASS Coordinating Center's person-centered care (PCC) capacity-building interventions. Methods. Fifty-eight (58) in-depth qualitative interviews with staff (N=116) who received PCC capacity-building were analyzed using modified grounded theory. Results. Analysis identified four factors of equity-centered implementation that facilitated PCC capacity-building implementation. 1) Innovation factors : SUSTAIN models PCC approaches when implementing PCC capacity-building. 2) Inner factors : SUSTAIN employs PCC approaches. 3) Outer factors : SUSTAIN highlights socio-political factors that may influence PCC implementation. 4) Bridging factors : SUSTAIN facilitates partnerships to promote PCC learning and sustainability. Conclusion. SUSTAIN PCC capacity-building advances health equity through operationalizing personcentered care in capacity-building implementation.
Trouble in the Family State: The Public Debate on Family and Adoption in Meiji Japan
Authors: Yonemoto Marcia
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This article examines Meiji-period public debates over adoption and the role it should play in the new family state. Efforts to produce a modern civil code for Japan form the framework for a first phase of arguments about adoption and family law reform in newspapers and journals. When the new Meiji Civil Code of 1898 established the single-heir stem family as a model of the modern Japanese family, adoption became indispensable for sustaining the family system. While the Civil Code represented a seemingly clear legal resolution to the crisis of the family, late Meiji commentators, especially women writers of fiction, vividly depicted the emotional toll adoption exacted on individuals.
Optical attenuation performance of bioaerosols withstanding extreme temperature desiccation stresses
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Hu Yihua , Yang Xing , Gu Youlin , Chen Xi , Xu Haoli , Wang Peng
Published: August 2023

Bioaerosols exhibit significant broadband extinction performance and significantly affect climate change, optical detection, communications, and the development of optical attenuation materials. However, it is unclear whether the extinction ability of bioaerosols can withstand extreme conditions such as high temperature desiccation and freezing temperature desiccation. This limits further research on and the application of bioaerosols. Here, we investigate the variations in the composition, functional groups, and protein secondary structure of bioaerosol spores as they withstand extreme temperatures of 60°C and −70∘C. The extinction performance of the bioaerosols withstanding stress is obtained through simulation. Data from an aerosol chamber experiment showed that bioaerosols exhibit significant optical attenuation performance, even after withstanding extreme temperature desiccation stresses. Bioaerosols that withstand both high temperature desiccation and freezing temperature stresses can attenuate the transmittance of incident light in the mid-IR band to approximately 10% and that of incident light in the far-IR band to approximately 25%–35% for 3 min. This study illustrates the significant optical attenuation performance of bioaerosols with respect to extreme temperature desiccation stresses, which broadens the application scenario of bioaerosols as optical attenuation materials and provides a reliable choice for optical attenuation materials in extreme temperatures.
Supercontinuum generation in As2S3 chalcogenide waveguide pumped by all-fiber structured dual-femtosecond solitons
Authors: Xia Kai , Yang Zhen , Zhao Peipei , Yang Peilong , Xu Peipeng , Xu Lulu , Peng Xuefeng , Zhang Wei , Dai Shixun , Wang Rongping , Nie Qiuhua
Published: August 2023

Supercontinuum sources with high compactness are essential for applications such as optical sensing, airborne detection and communication systems. In the past decades, the adoption of bulky optical parametric amplifier to pump various chalcogenide glass waveguides are widely reported for on-chip mid-infrared supercontinuum generation, but this usually leads to a large volume of the whole system, and is not practical. Therefore, integrating advanced femtosecond fiber lasers with optical waveguides using nano-fabrication technology are highly desired. However, the scarcity of compact pump sources and the dispersion-matched high-nonlinearity waveguide in short wavelength regions have hindered the advancement of integrated supercontinuum source performances in the near and mid-infrared region. In this study, we demonstrate a broadband supercontinuum source from As2S3 waveguide pumped by a compact dual-femtosecond solitons pulse source. The laser is completely fiber structured, and its wavelength can be readily tuned from 2 to 2.3 µm using Raman soliton self-frequency shift technology in a Tm3+-doped fiber amplifier. Furthermore, the As2S3 waveguide is designed with controllable dispersion and high nonlinearity for a broadband supercontinuum generation. These results will advance the development of on-chip supercontinuum sources based on chalcogenide waveguides.
Improved topography measurement with a high dynamic range using phase difference sensing technology
Authors: Shi Jinhui , Gong Yuanfei , Guang Dong , Zuo Cheng , Wu Xuqiang , Lu Liang , Zhang Guosheng , Li Shili , Wang Rui , Yu Benli
Published: August 2023

Phase difference sensing technology (PDST) is employed for topography measurement, and two interference structures are proposed to achieve upper-limit adjustment and high resolution in the measurement range: a dual-wavelength system with a single Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity and a single-wavelength system with dual FP cavities. The phase difference between the two interference signals is determined by an elliptic fitting algorithm (EFA), and this change in phase difference is utilized to characterize the step height. Experimental results indicate that the measurement upper-limit can be adjusted to either 410 µm, 187 µm, or 108 µm by varying the wavelength difference in the dual-wavelength system, which gives a measurement error of 2.96%. In contrast, while offering a measurement resolution of 3.47 nm, the single-wavelength system exhibits a measurement error of 5.38%. The proposed method is capable of satisfying the measurement requirements during micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) processing with proficiency.
Technological process optimization and measurement of image quality of the electrically bifocal metalens
Authors: Fan Chun-Yuan , Tang Pei-Yu , Su Vin-Cent , Cheng Ko-Ting , Teng Chia-Yu , Tsai Ming-Yu , Chiang Chia-Hung , Xu Kai-Lun , Su Guo-Dung J.
Published: August 2023

This Letter describes the design procedure and process optimization of the electrically bifocal metalens. In our design, horizontal and vertical polarization is manipulated by applying a suitable voltage to a twisted nematic liquid crystal (TN-LC) cell. Each nanostructure is designed to be a rectangular prism, making different polarizations of light experience various phase delays, thus causing bi-focus. We selected lithographical methods to fabricate our metalens because of the minimum physical size, which can be as small as 50 nm, and the maximum aspect ratio, which is as high as 15. Furthermore, to increase the tolerance and make the sidewall vertical and smooth, we coated different characteristics of photoresist sensitivity to the upper and lower layers. After the development, the mushroom-type photoresist makes Ni easier to strip while in the lift-off process, thus increasing the quality of the whole metalens. Our experiment shows that the focal lengths and focusing efficiencies corresponding to the two polarizations are similar to the simulation results. The proposed electrically modulated bifocal metalens can be utilized in different applications and combined with other optical components.
Temporal analog of Bragg gratings
Authors: Koufidis Stefanos Fr. , Koutserimpas Theodoros T. , McCall Martin W.
Published: August 2023

Recently, scalar coupled-wave theory has been employed to analyze a medium with periodic time-varying permittivity, providing simple expressions and, consequently, straightforward insights into the parametric amplification mechanism. Here, we combine such an approach with the Möbius transformation method to investigate the dispersion and optical response of a finite “time-slab” of the aforementioned medium. We demonstrate the temporal analog of a Bragg grating, discuss the differences with its spatial counterpart, and examine nontrivial scenarios of the permittivity’s time-modulation, such as chirping and apodization. Furthermore, we propose a highly selective and, moreover, single-spatial-interface optical sensor, based on phase delineation.
Key predictors for climate policy support and political mobilization: The role of beliefs and preferences
Authors: Simon Montfort
Published: August 2023

Public support and political mobilization are two crucial factors for the adoption of ambitious climate policies in line with the international greenhouse gas reduction targets of the Paris Agreement. Despite their compound importance, they are mainly studied separately. Using a random forest machine-learning model, this article investigates the relative predictive power of key established explanations for public support and mobilization for climate policies. Predictive models may shape future research priorities and contribute to theoretical advancement by showing which predictors are the most and least important. The analysis is based on a pre-election conjoint survey experiment on the Swiss CO2Act in 2021. Results indicate that beliefs (such as the perceived effectiveness of policies) and policy design preferences (such as for subsidies or tax-related policies) are the most important predictors while other established explanations, such as socio-demographics, issue salience (the relative importance of issues) or political variables (such as the party affiliation) haverelativelyweak predictive power. Thus, beliefs are an essential factor to consider in addition to explanations that emphasize issue salience and preferences driven by voters’ cost-benefit considerations.
Blending citizen science with natural language processing and machine learning: Understanding the experience of living with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Haag Christina , Steinemann Nina , Chiavi Deborah , Kamm Christian P. , Sieber Chloé , Manjaly Zina-Mary , Horváth Gábor , Ajdacic-Gross Vladeta , Puhan Milo Alan , von Wyl Viktor
Published: August 2023

The emergence of new digital technologies has enabled a new way of doing research, including active collaboration with the public (‘citizen science’). Innovation in machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) has made automatic analysis of large-scale text data accessible to study individual perspectives in a convenient and efficient fashion. Here we blend citizen science with innovation in NLP and ML to examine (1) which categories of life events persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) perceived as central for their MS; and (2) associated emotions. We subsequently relate our results to standardized individual-level measures. Participants (n = 1039) took part in the ’My Life with MS’ study of the Swiss MS Registry which involved telling their story through self-selected life events using text descriptions and a semi-structured questionnaire. We performed topic modeling (‘latent Dirichlet allocation’) to identify high-level topics underlying the text descriptions. Using a pre-trained language model, we performed a fine-grained emotion analysis of the text descriptions. A topic modeling analysis of totally 4293 descriptions revealed eight underlying topics. Five topics are common in clinical research: ‘diagnosis’, ‘medication/treatment’, ‘relapse/child’, ‘rehabilitation/wheelchair’, and ‘injection/symptoms’. However, three topics, ‘work’, ‘birth/health’, and ‘partnership/MS’ represent domains that are of great relevance for participants but are generally understudied in MS research. While emotions were predominantly negative (sadness, anxiety), emotions linked to the topics ‘birth/health’ and ‘partnership/MS’ was also positive (joy). Designed in close collaboration with persons with MS, the ‘My Life with MS’ project explores the experience of living with the chronic disease of MS using NLP and ML. Our study thus contributes to the body of research demonstrating the potential of integrating citizen science with ML-driven NLP methods to explore the experience of living with a chronic condition.