bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and optimization of tensile strength and modulus of polypropylene/kenaf fiber biocomposites using Box–Behnken response surface method
Authors: Yaghoobi Hessameddin , Fereidoon Abdolhossein
Published: September 2017

The aim of this work includes modeling and optimization of the tensile properties of natural fiber biocomposites using the concept of experimental design. A three‐factor, three‐level Box–Behnken design, which is subset of the response surface methodology (RSM), has been applied to present mathematical models. The effect of three independent variables; kenaf fiber load, fiber length and polypropylene‐grafted maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA) compatibilizer content have been investigated on the tensile strength and modulus of polypropylene/kenaf fiber/PP‐g‐MA biocomposite. These models can be used as an interesting method for analytically evaluating both the tensile strength values and their corresponding tensile modulus as function of independent variables. The optimization results, obtained using the optimization part of Design‐Expert Software, showed that the most optimal tensile strength and tensile modulus were to be 32.70 MPa and 2,182.33 MPa, respectively; and achieved at 28.95 wt% of the kenaf fiber, fiber length of 6.22 mm and PP‐g‐MA content of 5 wt%. The obtained
values and normal probability plots indicated a good agreement between the experimental results and those predicted by the model (above 0.95 for all the responses). Moreover, the tensile modulus of the biocomposite was analyzed by means of micromechanical models. The performance of the Halpin–Tsai and Cox–Krenchel models in predicting the tensile modulus of biocomposites was compared with available experimental results. In addition, the fracture surface morphologies and wettability of the samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement, respectively. It was found that the fiber load and PP‐g‐MA compatibilizer content play a significant role in the tensile properties and morphology of the biocomposites, as proven by SEM and contact angle measurement. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E463–E479, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
The exchangeability of brief intelligence tests for children with intellectual giftedness: Illuminating error variance components’ influence on IQs
Authors: Irby Sarah M. , Floyd Randy G.
Published: September 2017

This study examined the exchangeability of total scores (i.e., intelligent quotients [IQs]) from three brief intelligence tests. Tests were administered to 36 children with intellectual giftedness, scored live by one set of primary examiners and later scored by a secondary examiner. For each student, six IQs were calculated, and all 216 values were submitted to a generalizability theory analysis. Despite strong convergent validity and reliability evidence supporting brief IQs, the resulting dependability coefficient was only .80, which indicates relatively low exchangeability across tests and examiners. Although error variance components representing the effects of the examiner, examiner‐by‐examinee interaction, the examiner‐by‐test interaction, and the test contributed little to IQ variability, the component representing the test‐by‐examinee interaction contributed about one‐third of the variance in IQs. These findings hold implications for selecting and interpreting brief intelligence tests and general testing for intellectual giftedness.
Nanostructural evidence of mechanical aging and performance loss in ballistic fibers
Authors: Howarter John A. , Liu Ming , McDonough Walter G. , Soles Christopher , Holmes Gale A.
Published: September 2017

It is understood that the ballistic resistance of aromatic polyamide fibers is related to the fiber's ultimate tensile strength, strain‐to‐failure, and Young's modulus. Ideal high‐performance ballistic materials maximize these properties while minimizing material density. Equally important is long‐term mechanical and chemical stability: the fibers should not exhibit performance loss over their lifetime. However, less is known quantitatively about their modes of degradation, and experimental methods to quantify the aging and degradation in these fibers are critical. Multiple variations of next generation high‐performance fibers have been investigated under chemical and mechanical accelerated aging conditions. Performance losses have been empirically correlated to chemical degradation of the polymer chain and nanostructural changes in the fiber morphology through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Here, we introduce positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements as a sensitive method to quantify the early onset of damage in the flexed fibers as quantified through changes in the nanoscale void structure in the material. Published 2017.† J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1711–1717
Integrative structure modeling with the Integrative Modeling Platform
Authors: Webb Benjamin , Viswanath Shruthi , Bonomi Massimiliano , Pellarin Riccardo , Greenberg Charles H. , Saltzberg Daniel , Sali Andrej
Published: September 2017

Building models of a biological system that are consistent with the myriad data available is one of the key challenges in biology. Modeling the structure and dynamics of macromolecular assemblies, for example, can give insights into how biological systems work, evolved, might be controlled, and even designed. Integrative structure modeling casts the building of structural models as a computational optimization problem, for which information about the assembly is encoded into a scoring function that evaluates candidate models. Here, we describe our open source software suite for integrative structure modeling, Integrative Modeling Platform (https://integrativemodeling.org), and demonstrate its use.
Characterization of the mechanism of action of the fungicide fenpicoxamid and its metabolite UK‐2A
Authors: Young David H , Wang Nick X , Meyer Stacy T , Avila‐Adame Cruz
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Fenpicoxamid is a new fungicide for control of Zymoseptoria tritici, and is a derivative of the natural product UK‐2A. Its mode of action and target site interactions have been investigated.

RESULTS

UK‐2A strongly inhibited cytochrome c reductase, whereas fenpicoxamid was much less active, consistent with UK‐2A being the fungicidally active species generated from fenpicoxamid by metabolism. Both compounds caused rapid loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in Z. tritici spores. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, amino acid substitutions N31K, G37C and L198F at the Qi quinone binding site of cytochrome b reduced sensitivity to fenpicoxamid, UK‐2A and antimycin A. Activity of fenpicoxamid was not reduced by the G143A exchange responsible for strobilurin resistance. A docking pose for UK‐2A at the Qi site overlaid that of antimycin A. Activity towards Botrytis cinerea was potentiated by salicylhydroxamic acid, showing an ability of alternative respiration to mitigate activity. Fungitoxicity assays against Z. tritici field isolates showed no cross‐resistance to strobilurin, azole or benzimidazole fungicides.

CONCLUSION

Fenpicoxamid is a Qi inhibitor fungicide that provides a new mode of action for Z. tritici control. Mutational and modeling studies suggest that the active species UK‐2A binds at the Qi site in a similar, but not identical, fashion to antimycin A. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Electronic Properties of Bulk and Monolayer TMDs: Theoretical Study Within DFT Framework (GVJ‐2e Method)
Authors: Gusakova Julia , Wang Xingli , Shiau Li Lynn , Krivosheeva Anna , Shaposhnikov Victor , Borisenko Victor , Gusakov Vasilii , Tay Beng Kang
Published: September 2017

Accurate prediction of band gap for new emerging materials is highly desirable for the exploration of potential applications. The band gaps of bulk and monolayer TMDs (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2) are calculated with the recently proposed by us GVJ‐2e method, which is implemented within DFT framework without adjustable parameters and is based on the total energies only. The calculated band gaps are in very good agreement with experimental ones for both bulk and monolayer TMDs. For monolayer MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2, direct band gaps are predicted to be 1.88 eV, 1.57 eV, 2.03 eV, 1.67 eV correspondingly, and for bulk TMDs, indirect band gaps of 1.23 eV (MoS2), 1.09 eV (MoSe2), 1.32 eV (WS2), 1.21 eV (WSe2) are predicted. The GVJ‐2e method demonstrates good accuracy with mean absolute error (MAE) of about 0.03 eV for TMDs PL gaps (and 0.06 eV for QP gaps). GVJ‐2e method allows to equally accurately obtain band gaps for 3D and 2D materials. The errors of GVJ‐2e method are significantly smaller than errors of other widely used methods such as GW (MAE 0.23 eV), hybrid functional HSE (MAE 0.17 eV), TB‐mBJ functional (MAE 0.14 eV).
The extended Hulburt–Hirschfelder‐long‐range oscillator model for direct‐potential‐fit analysis
Authors: Hajigeorgiou Photos G.
Published: September 2017

In the present work, an extended Hulburt–Hirschfelder oscillator model is proposed as a means of simplifying potential energy functions for direct‐potential‐fit analyses. The new potential energy function is joined smoothly to the long‐range inverse‐power dispersion energy expression. The new model is employed in direct‐potential‐fits using spectroscopic line positions that involve the ground electronic states of the principal isotopologues of hydrogen iodide and carbon monoxide, and the ground and first singlet‐sigma excited states of hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride. The present methodology is found to lead to compact, flexible, and robust representations for the potential energy that compare favorably with the results of past work where more complicated models were employed.
Mixed control of hidden Markov jump systems
Authors: de Oliveira A.M. , Costa O.L.V.
Published: September 2017

In this work, we study the mixed
control for Markov jump linear systems with hidden Markov parameters. The hidden Markov process is denoted by
, where the nonobservable component θ(k) represents the mode of operation of the system, whereas
represents the observable component provided by a detector. The goal is to obtain design techniques for mixed
control problems, with the controllers depending only on the estimate
, for problems formulated in 3 different forms: (i) minimizing an upper bound on the
norm subject to a given restriction on the
norm; (ii) minimizing an upper bound on the
norm, while limiting the
norm; and (iii) minimizing a weighted combination of upper bounds of both the
and
norms. We propose also new conditions for synthesizing robust controllers under parametric uncertainty in the detector probabilities and in the transition probabilities. The so‐called cluster case for the mixed
control problem is also analyzed under the detector approach. The results are illustrated by means of 2 numerical examples.
The use of behavioural metrics to evaluate fishway efficiency
Authors: Ovidio M. , Sonny D. , Dierckx A. , Watthez Q. , Bourguignon S. , de le Court B. , Detrait O. , Benitez J.P.
Published: September 2017

Fishways are installed worldwide to facilitate accessibility to functional habitats and to increase the ecological continuity of rivers. Their evaluations are increasing, but complete studies in the field with wild individuals are still scarce. In the lower Bocq River (Belgium), a pool type fishway was installed in 2011. A combined passive‐integrated‐transponder‐tag and radio‐telemetry system was designed and installed downstream of the dam and in the fishway to analyse fine‐scale individual fish behaviour. Three fish species (brown trout, European grayling, and barbel) were captured in the river; n = 125 fish were tagged and released downstream of the fishway. Behavioural metrics were proposed and used in order to attain a comprehensive view on the efficiency of the fishway, including attraction and entrance efficiency, searching and passage delays, and overall and adjusted passage efficiency. The results indicate a major problem in terms of attraction efficiency (48.9% for the trout, 20.5% for the grayling, and 41.2% for the barbel) and time to find the entrance of the fishway (mean 65.1 hr for the trout and 538.9 hr for the grayling). For fish that succeed to approach the entrance of the fishway, the passage efficiency was 86.9% for the trout, 55.5% for the grayling, and 7.1% for the barbel. The time taken to cross the structure was reasonable for the salmonids (mean < 1.5 hr for trout and grayling) but very long (21 hr) for the barbel. Our results underline the necessity of a holistic approach to evaluate fishway efficiency using precise comprehensive metrics and hydraulic characterization.
The Consequences of Integrating Stakeholder Engagement in Sustainable Development (Environmental Perspectives)
Authors: Salem Milad Abdelnabi , Shawtari Fekri , Shamsudin Mohd Farid , Hussain Hafezali Bin Iqbal
Published: September 2017

This paper aims to identify the consequences of integrating stakeholder engagement in sustainable development represented by environmental performance using data from 226 industrial corporations. To the best of our knowledge, there is no empirical evidence on how three levels of stakeholder integration (knowledge, interaction and adoptive behaviour) might affect environmental performance as represented by a reduction in both resource usage and waste. Additionally, related research has been conducted in developed countries, with little attention being directed to developing countries. The paper aims to fill these gaps by providing empirical evidence on how the stakeholder theory might work in less‐developed countries. The study opts for a cross‐sectional study using a self‐reported questionnaire. Structural equation modelling indicated that engaging stakeholders in corporate activities would result in less damage to the environment. However, the knowledge of stakeholders per se will not lead to any reduction in either waste or resource usage. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The research on the mechanical properties improvement of HDPE/ABS blends reinforced with acid‐treated wood fiber
Authors: Niu Fenglian , He Runqin , Jian Li
Published: September 2017

In this study, the effect of acid‐treated wood fiber modifications on the mechanical behaviors of HDPE/ABS blend is investigated. Wood fiber/HDPE/ABS composites were fabricated by incorporating acid‐treated wood fiber into HDPE/ABS blends. The results showed that both the tensile strength and flexural strength of wood fiber/HDPE/ABS composites were greater than those of HDPE/ABS blend, regardless of wood fiber modification. The results also showed that the impact strength of HDPE/ABS composites is improved by the addition of wood fiber. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of fractured surfaces showed that the improvement in the mechanical properties of the wood fiber/HDPE/ABS composites was attributed to the improved dispersion of wood fiber in the HDPE/ABS and the better interfacial characteristics caused by the acid treatment of the wood fiber.
A simple approach to measuring thick organic films using the XPS inelastic background
Authors: Shard Alexander G. , Spencer Steve J.
Published: September 2017

In this work, we explore the possibility of finding a simple mathematical function that describes XPS background intensities as a function of energy and depth of emission. We describe the shape of the global structure of the background in XPS survey spectra for organic overlayer films with thicknesses greater than ~10 nm. In this situation, the shape of XPS backgrounds becomes statistical, and the detailed structure of, for example, energy‐loss functions and elastic‐scattering cross sections can be disregarded. Using Irganox 1010 as a model organic overlayer on silicon dioxide, gold, and silver substrates, a consistent description of the XPS background can be found, and overlayer thicknesses greater than 50 nm can be measured in the case of gold substrates. Furthermore, by using a suitable subset of these spectra, it is possible to separate the influence of overlayer thickness, electron kinetic energy, and intensity on the global shape of the spectrum. We show that it is possible to fully describe the shape of calibrated XPS survey spectra with reasonable accuracy for samples that have organic overlayers using only binding energy and sensitivity factor data. The same functions are shown to provide a reasonable description of the XPS spectra of silicon with an oxide overlayer.
Optimum design and sequential treatment allocation in an experiment in deep brain stimulation with sets of treatment combinations
Authors: Atkinson Anthony , Pedrosa David
Published: September 2017

In an experiment including patients who underwent surgery for deep brain stimulation electrode placement, each patient responds to a set of 9 treatment combinations. There are 16 such sets, and the design problem is to choose which sets should be administered and in what proportions. Extensions to the methods of nonsequential optimum experimental design lead to identification of an unequally weighted optimum design involving 4 sets of treatment combinations. In the actual experiment, patients arrive sequentially and present with sets of prognostic factors. The idea of loss due to Burman is extended and used to assess designs with varying randomization structures. It is found that a simple sequential design using only 2 sets of treatments has surprisingly good properties for trials with the proposed number of patients.
Bayesian noninferiority test for 2 binomial probabilities as the extension of Fisher exact test
Authors: Doi Masaaki , Takahashi Fumihiro , Kawasaki Yohei
Published: September 2017

Noninferiority trials have recently gained importance for the clinical trials of drugs and medical devices. In these trials, most statistical methods have been used from a frequentist perspective, and historical data have been used only for the specification of the noninferiority margin Δ>0. In contrast, Bayesian methods, which have been studied recently are advantageous in that they can use historical data to specify prior distributions and are expected to enable more efficient decision making than frequentist methods by borrowing information from historical trials. In the case of noninferiority trials for response probabilities π1,π2, Bayesian methods evaluate the posterior probability of H1:π1>π2−Δ being true. To numerically calculate such posterior probability, complicated Appell hypergeometric function or approximation methods are used. Further, the theoretical relationship between Bayesian and frequentist methods is unclear. In this work, we give the exact expression of the posterior probability of the noninferiority under some mild conditions and propose the Bayesian noninferiority test framework which can flexibly incorporate historical data by using the conditional power prior. Further, we show the relationship between Bayesian posterior probability and the P value of the Fisher exact test. From this relationship, our method can be interpreted as the Bayesian noninferior extension of the Fisher exact test, and we can treat superiority and noninferiority in the same framework. Our method is illustrated through Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the operating characteristics, the application to the real HIV clinical trial data, and the sample size calculation using historical data.
Chiroptically Active Metallic Nanohelices with Helical Anisotropy
Authors: Huang Zhifeng , Liu Junjun
Published: September 2017

Manipulation of circular polarization states of light in the ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared range, which cannot be operated using natural materials, is of fundamental interest derived from a wide range of chirality‐associated optical, chemical and biological applications. To achieve this objective, chiral metamaterials made of metallic nanohelices (NHs) have been artificially designed and generated. The circular polarization manipulation is as a result of helical anisotropy and localized surface plasmon resonance of metallic NHs, and engineering helical structures and metallic composition gives rise to flexible tailoring of the circular polarization manipulation. Herein, we review the latest development of metallic NHs in terms of fabrication, fundamentally optical and magnetic properties, and chiroptical applications, followed by envisioning prospective applications closely related to molecular chirality. We strongly believe that the helicity‐induced anisotropy of metallic NHs will provide us a wide range of opportunities to tackle some prominent problems and challenges intrinsically associated with the natural homochirality.
Sonography of the ankle: The lateral ankle and ankle sprains
Authors: McKiernan Sharmaine , Fenech Michelle , Fox Deborah , Stewart Ian
Published: September 2017

Ankle sprains can be considered a relatively common injury particularly from sports injuries. While a sprain is generally a benign injury, symptoms can persist and lead to long‐term disability and instability. This article includes an overview of the lateral ankle including ligament and tendon anatomy, scanning technique and information on the common sprains the sonographer may encounter. It is important that sonographers are familiar with the lateral ankle anatomy and potential injuries and how complicated an ankle sprain can be.
Role of α‐Amylase in the Pasting Behavior of Wheat Flours Upon Storage
Authors: Frauenlob Johannes , Hetebrij Edwin , D'Amico Stefano , Schoenlechner Regine
Published: September 2017

Wheat flour pasting properties change during flour storage. Only little is known about the contribution of α‐amylase on this effect. This study aimed to monitor the changes in rapid visco analyser (RVA) pasting viscosities of four different wheat flours during 360 days of storage. To get an isolated view on the influence of α‐amylase, RVA curves were determined either with water or with 2 mM silver nitrate to inhibit α‐amylase. After 360 days of storage RVA final viscosity of the flours increased between 31 and 56%. When α‐amylase was inhibited it increased only by 12–28%. Remarkably, trough viscosity did not change during a storage time of 180 days when α‐amylase was inhibited. To estimate the α‐amylase activity of flours the ratio between peak viscosities of flour with and without inhibition was calculated. The estimation resulted in a decrease of α‐amylase activity by 22–43% during 360 days of storage. These findings suggest that the decrease of α‐amylase activity is a major influencing factor in the increase of pasting viscosity during flour storage. Additionally, differential curves from analyses with and without α‐amylase inhibition are a helpful tool to improve the understanding of the enzymes mode of action.
Degree of external restraint of wall segments in semi‐massive reinforced concrete tanks: Part I rectangular segments
Authors: Zych Mariusz
Published: September 2017

This paper presents graphs and formulas serving to define the distribution of the restraint degree of wall segments in rectangular reinforced concrete tanks. The most frequent cases occurring in engineering practice are analyzed, that is, wall segments erected during the first concreting stage and those restrained along three edges. For the latter ones, this paper defines the influence of vertical stiffness in construction joints (depending on the reinforcement degree) on the distribution of the restraint degree. This paper shows a substantial impact of the temperature profile (i.e., imposed strain resulting from the development of hydration heat) on the area where cracks occur first, and on the value and distribution of tensile stresses. A practical aspect of the analysis performed is the possibility of defining the restraint degree for cases and assumptions not included in EN 1992–3.
The Dangers of Test Preparation: What Students Learn (and Don't Learn) About Reading Comprehension From Test‐Centric Literacy Instruction
Authors: Davis Dennis S. , Vehabovic Nermin
Published: September 2017

The authors offer guidance on recognizing and resisting test‐centric instruction in reading comprehension. They posit that five practices indicate a test‐centric view of comprehension: when the tested content is privileged, when the test becomes the text, when annotation requirements replace strategic thinking, when test items frame how students think, and when item‐level data are overinterpreted. The authors express concern that test‐centric literacy instruction has started to replace research‐based instructional practices more and more. Using a sociocultural lens, the authors describe what young readers are likely to learn (and not learn) about reading comprehension when they are immersed in this form of instruction. The article provides talking points that teachers can use to bolster their efforts to resist test preparation pressures that they may experience in their schools.
An overview of reciprocalL1‐regularization for high dimensional regression data
Authors: Song Qifan
Published: September 2017

High dimensional data plays a key role in the modern statistical analysis. A common objective for the high dimensional data analysis is to perform model selection, and penalized likelihood method is one of the most popular approaches. Typical penalty functions are usually symmetric about 0, continuous and nondecreasing in (0, ∞). In this review article, we will focus on a special type of penalty function, the so call reciprocal Lasso (rLasso) penalty. TherLassopenalty functions are decreasing in (0, ∞), discontinuous at 0, and converge to infinity when the coefficients approach zero. Although uncommon, this choice of penalty is intuitively appealing if one seeks a parsimonious model fitting. In this article, we will provide an overview for the motivation, theory, and computational challenges of thisrLassopenalty, and we will also compare the theoretical properties and empirical performance ofrLassowith other popular penalty choices.WIREs Comput Stat2018, 10:e1416. doi: 10.1002/wics.1416

This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Strategy and organization research in operations management
Authors: Anand Gopesh , Gray John V.
Published: September 2017

In a September 2015 editorial (Guide and Ketokivi, 2015), the co‐editors‐in‐chief of the Journal of Operations Management restructured the management of submissions into departments by substantive domain. This essay expands upon their brief description of the Strategy and Organization Department. While chiefly seeking to clarify what we see as the department's content domain, we also offer insights on how to maximize the contribution of operations management research to the strategy and organization literature.
The Legal Relation
Authors: Somek Alexander
Published: September 2017

What is law? The usual answer is that the law is a system of norms. But this answer gives us at best half of the story. The law is a way of relating to one another. We do not do this as lovers or friends and not as people who are interested in obtaining guidance from moral insight. In a legal context, we are cast as 'character masks' (Marx), for example, as 'buyer' and 'seller' or 'landlord' and 'tenant'. We expect to have our claims respected simply because the law has given us rights. We do not want to give any other reason for our behavior than the fact that we have a legal right. Backing rights up with coercive threats indicates that we are willing to accept legal obligations unwillingly. This book offers a conceptual reconstruction of the legal relation on the basis of a critique of legal positivism.
The Politics of Competence
Authors: Green Jane , Jennings Will
Published: September 2017

Using decades of public opinion data from the US, UK, Australia, Germany and Canada, and distinguishing between three concepts - issue ownership, performance and generalised competence - Green and Jennings show how political parties come to gain or lose 'ownership' of issues, how they are judged on their performance in government across policy issues and how they develop a reputation for competence (or incompetence) over a period in office. Their analysis tracks the major events causing people to re-evaluate party reputations and the costs of governing which cause electorates to punish parties in power. They reveal why, when and how these movements in public opinion matter to elections. The implications are important for long-standing debates about performance and partisanship, and reveal that public opinion about party and governing competence is, to a great extent, the product of major shocks and predictable dynamics.
Screening for attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology in adult mental health clinics
Authors: Adamis D. , Graffeo I. , Kumar R. , Meagher D. , O’Neill D. , Mulligan O. , Murthy S. , O’Mahony E. , McCarthy G. , Gavin B. , McNicholas F.
Published: September 2017

Objectives

This study estimates the symptomatology of attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adult mental health services (AMHS) outpatient clinics.

Methods

All consecutive patients attending any of the outpatients’ clinics in Sligo/Leitrim AMHS were invited to participate. Participants completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) self-report. Clinical notes were reviewed to identify those with a pre-existing ADHD diagnosis.

Results

From 822 attending the clinics, 62 did not meet inclusion criteria, 97 declined to participate and 29 had incomplete data in either of the screening scales, leaving 634 (77%) eligible for full study analysis. Mean age was 40.38 (s.d.: 12.85), and 326 (51.4%) were females. In total, 215 (33.9%) screened positive on the WURS for childhood onset ADHD and 219 (34.5%) participants scored positive on the ASRS. Applying a more stringent criteria of scoring above cut-offs on both scales, suggested 131 (20.7%) screened positive on both. Only three (2.3%) had a prior clinical diagnosis.

Conclusions

This preliminary study suggests the possibility of relatively higher rates of ADHD in a general AMHS than previously thought, however, given the possibility of overlapping symptoms with other major psychiatric disorders in adulthood and recall bias further research is needed before drawing firm conclusions.
Physics of ultimate detachment of a tokamak divertor plasma
Authors: Krasheninnikov S. I. , Kukushkin A. S.
Published: September 2017

The basic physics of the processes playing the most important role in divertor plasma detachment is reviewed. The models used in the two-dimensional edge plasma transport codes that are widely used to address different issues of the edge plasma physics and to simulate the experimental data, as well as the numerical schemes and convergence issues, are described. The processes leading to ultimate divertor plasma detachment, the transition to and the stability of the detached regime, as well as the impact of the magnetic configuration and divertor geometry on detachment, are considered. A consistent, integral physical picture of ultimate detachment of a tokamak divertor plasma is developed.
The association between systolic blood pressure variability with depression, cognitive decline and white matter hyperintensities: the 3C Dijon MRI study
Authors: Tully P. J. , Debette S. , Tzourio C.
Published: September 2017

Background

Accumulating evidence links blood pressure variability (BPV) with white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and stroke. The longitudinal association between BPV with late onset depression (LOD) and cognitive decline remains unexplored.

Methods

Prospective cohort study of 2812 participant's age ⩾65 years (median age 72 years, 63.6% female) without dementia or stroke. Serial clinic visits assessed blood pressure, cognitive function, depression disorder, and depressive symptoms. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) substudy was performed in 1275 persons to examine possible associations with WMH.

Results

The interaction between symptomatic LOD and systolic BPV was associated with cognitive decline on the Isaac Set Test [slope −4.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) −8.92 to −0.16,p= 0.04], Benton Visual Retention Test (slope −0.89; 95% CI −1.77 to −0.01,p= 0.049), Mini Mental State Examination (slope −1.08; 95% CI −1.86 to −0.30,p= 0.007) and Finger Tapping Test (slope −7.53; 95% CI −13.71 to −1.34,p= 0.017) but not Trail Making Test-A or -B/A. The MRI substudy demonstrated that systolic BPV was associated with cognitive decline via interactions with depression and total WMH volume, but this was not dependent on either deep or periventricular WMH volumes.

Conclusions

The findings show that the interaction between systolic BPV with symptomatic depression and WMH increases cognitive decline in persons ⩾65 years of age. Future work could extend these findings by examining systolic BPV in relation to cognitive decline and WMH in older populations with depression.
Quantum entropic regularization of matrix-valued optimal transport
Authors: PEYRÉ GABRIEL , CHIZAT LÉNAÏC , VIALARD FRANÇOIS-XAVIER , SOLOMON JUSTIN
Published: September 2017

This article introduces a new notion of optimal transport (OT) between tensor fields, which are measures whose values are positive semidefinite (PSD) matrices. This “quantum” formulation of optimal transport (Q-OT) corresponds to a relaxed version of the classical Kantorovich transport problem, where the fidelity between the input PSD-valued measures is captured using the geometry of the Von-Neumann quantum entropy. We propose a quantum-entropic regularization of the resulting convex optimization problem, which can be solved efficiently using an iterative scaling algorithm. This method is a generalization of the celebrated Sinkhorn algorithm to the quantum setting of PSD matrices. We extend this formulation and the quantum Sinkhorn algorithm to compute barycentres within a collection of input tensor fields. We illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach on applications to procedural noise generation, anisotropic meshing, diffusion tensor imaging and spectral texture synthesis.
ASSET BUBBLES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER ENDOGENOUS MARKET STRUCTURE
Authors: Takao Kizuku
Published: September 2017

By considering a simple endogenous growth model, we propose a new theoretical channel through which the presence of asset bubbles can promote economic growth. In the model economy, long-lived value-maximizing firms continuously improve the quality of their specific products through in-house research and development (R&D), while simultaneously new firms enter into the market. The key feature is endogenous market structure: The number of firms is endogenously determined, which leads to variation in firm size measured in terms of the scale of production at the level of an individual firm. The presence of asset bubbles unambiguously gives rise to larger firms. This allows in-house R&D expenditure to be spread over the greater numbers of goods that the firms produce, which can increase incentives to undertake in-house R&D.
Performance of rain-fed Aman rice yield in Bangladesh in the presence of climate change
Authors: Sarker Md. Abdur Rashid , Alam Khorshed , Gow Jeff
Published: September 2017

This paper uses the framework of the Just–Pope production function to evaluate the impacts of climate change on yields of the rainfed Aman rice crop in Bangladesh. It analyses disaggregated district-level data on climate variables and Aman rice yield over a 48 year time horizon. The results reveal that changes in maximum temperatures have had positive and negative effects on yield in the linear and quadratic functional forms, respectively. However, the elasticity values in the variance function confirm that maximum temperature is risk-increasing for Aman rice while minimum temperature is likely to decrease yield variability. Rainfall has become risk-increasing for Aman rice. Based on three climate change scenarios, this paper also reveals that future climate change is expected to increase the variability of Aman rice yields. Finally, statistically significant dummies for different in-country climate zones require zone-specific adaptation policies to reduce the adverse impacts of climate change.
Optimizing methods for rearing mated queens and establishing new colony of Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Rwegasira Rozalia G. , Mwatawala Maulid W. , Rwegasira Gration M. , Axelsen Jörgen
Published: September 2017

Oecophyllaspp. are used as biocontrol agents for many types of insect pests. A large and stable population is essential for effective control of pests. Colonies ofOecophyllaspp. can be transplanted from wild habitats into orchards. Transplanted colonies can only survive in the presence of egg laying queens. It is difficult to locate nests with egg laying queens in large colonies that may sometimes contain more than 100 nests. Therefore, the need to explore and develop methods for rearing newly mated queens in nurseries may not be over emphasized, hence the current study. In the first experiment, we tested three rearing methods on queen survival and colony establishment. In the second experiment, we compared feeding techniques of different weaver ants on young colony growth. We observed that queens were best reared under continuous, indirect access to water. The first workers emerged earlier (32 days on average) in indirect and direct continuous access to water methods than on limited access to water (sprinkled) (38 days on average). Moreover, rearing mated queens under continuous indirect access and continuous direct access to water methods saved labour and time, because of limited attendance to the colonies. Availability of water, sugar solution and different sources of protein throughout improved the growth of young colonies. Likewise, the number of workers increased rapidly. Therefore rearing mated queens in nurseries is possible and would minimize hustles in hunting for the colonies and their queens in the wilderness.
Measurement of BepiColombo mission medium gain antenna parameters under realistic thermal conditions
Authors: Sanchez Victor , Martin Fernando , Barrio Aingeru , Pinto Iñaki , Garcia Rafael , Sierra Manuel , de Haro Leandro , Besada José Luis , Galocha Belén
Published: September 2017

This paper is focused on explaining the radiation test in temperature performed on the Engineering and Qualification Model of the Medium Gain Antenna Radiofrequency (MGA-RFA) Assembly of ESA's BepiColombo mission. The goal of this program is to observe and study Mercury and its surroundings in a very demanding environment in terms of temperature and radiation. The MGA is an X-band two-axis steerable horn, which provides bidirectional communications between spacecraft and Earth as backup of the High Gain Antenna and also operates as primary communication link at several mission stages or conditions. The paper presents the measurement set-up for the qualification campaign of the antenna, where it was necessary to characterize the antenna in a representative thermal environment, and the results obtained from this test. Results of test up to 150°C show how gain and radiation pattern shapes are slightly affected by thermal stress, but without jeopardizing mission requirements. In addition, by analyzing correlation of this test with RF analysis in the same thermal conditions, it becomes possible to accurately extrapolate the MGA-RFA behavior up to temperatures of more than 500°C. This fact allowed the successful space qualification of this model.
Supervision in der Verhaltenstherapie
Authors: Kühne Franziska , Maas Jana , Wiesenthal Sophia , Weck Florian
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Supervision spielt eine zentrale Rolle zum Wissens- und Kompetenzerwerb sowie in der Qualitätssicherung. Fragestellung: Ziel war es, den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur Supervision im Rahmen der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie abzubilden, um daraus Schlussfolgerungen für die zukünftige Forschung abzuleiten. Methode: Zur Evidenzsynthese wurde ein Scoping Review durchgeführt, das die Darstellung zentraler Konzepte, aktueller Evidenz und möglicher Forschungsbedarfe ermöglichte. Neben einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden Vorwärts- und Rückwärtssuchstrategien eingesetzt. Ergebnisse: Eingeschlossen wurden zwölf Publikationen basierend auf zehn empirischen Studien. Alle Studien beschrieben Ausbildungssettings, aber nur wenige untersuchten übende Interventionen (z. B. Rollenspiele). Häufig wurden Effekte subjektiv erfasst, die methodische Qualität der Begleitstudien variierte. Schlussfolgerungen: Notwendig sind weitere methodisch hochwertige Studien, experimentell orientiert oder in der klinischen Praxis, die die Supervisionsforschung bereichern können.
Endoderm Jagged induces liver and pancreas duct lineage in zebrafish
Authors: Zhang Danhua , Gates Keith P. , Barske Lindsey , Wang Guangliang , Lancman Joseph J. , Zeng Xin-Xin I. , Groff Megan , Wang Kasper , Parsons Michael J. , Crump J. Gage , Dong P. Duc Si
Published: September 2017

Liver duct paucity is characteristic of children born with Alagille Syndrome (ALGS), a disease associated with JAGGED1 mutations. Here, we report that zebrafish embryos with compound homozygous mutations in two Notch ligand genes, jagged1b (jag1b) and jagged2b (jag2b) exhibit a complete loss of canonical Notch activity and duct cells within the liver and exocrine pancreas, whereas hepatocyte and acinar pancreas development is not affected. Further, animal chimera studies demonstrate that wild-type endoderm cells within the liver and pancreas can rescue Notch activity and duct lineage specification in adjacent cells lacking jag1b and jag2b expression. We conclude that these two Notch ligands are directly and solely responsible for all duct lineage specification in these organs in zebrafish. Our study uncovers genes required for lineage specification of the intrahepatopancreatic duct cells, challenges the role of duct cells as progenitors, and suggests a genetic mechanism for ALGS ductal paucity.
A non-classical view on calcium oxalate precipitation and the role of citrate
Authors: Ruiz-Agudo Encarnación , Burgos-Cara Alejandro , Ruiz-Agudo Cristina , Ibañez-Velasco Aurelia , Cölfen Helmut , Rodriguez-Navarro Carlos
Published: September 2017

Although calcium oxalates are relevant biominerals, their formation mechanisms remain largely unresolved. Here, we investigate the early stages of calcium oxalate formation in pure and citrate-bearing solutions. Citrate is used as a well-known oxalate precipitation inhibitor; moreover, it resembles the functional domains of the biomolecules that modulate biomineralization. Our data suggest that calcium oxalate forms after Ca2+ and C2O42− association into polynuclear stable complexes that aggregate into larger assemblies, from which amorphous calcium oxalate nucleates. Previous work has explained citrate inhibitory effects according to classical theories. Here we show that citrate interacts with all early stage CaC2O4 species (polynuclear stable complexes and amorphous precursors), inhibiting calcium oxalate nucleation by colloidal stabilization of polynuclear stable complexes and amorphous calcium oxalate. The control that citrate exerts on calcium oxalate biomineralization may thus begin earlier than previously thought. These insights provide information regarding the mechanisms governing biomineralization, including pathological processes (e.g., kidney stone formation).
Enantioselective semireduction of allenes
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Dong Vy M.
Published: September 2017

Rh-hydride catalysis solves a synthetic challenge by affording the enantioselective reduction of allenes, thereby yielding access to motifs commonly used in medicinal chemistry. A designer Josiphos ligand promotes the generation of chiral benzylic isomers, when combined with a Hantzsch ester as the reductant. This semireduction proceeds chemoselectively in the presence of other functional groups, which are typically reduced using conventional hydrogenations. Isotopic labelling studies support a mechanism where the hydride is delivered to the branched position of a Rh-allyl intermediate.
Interplay of hot electrons from localized and propagating plasmons
Authors: Hoang Chung V. , Hayashi Koki , Ito Yasuo , Gorai Naoki , Allison Giles , Shi Xu , Sun Quan , Cheng Zhenzhou , Ueno Kosei , Goda Keisuke , Misawa Hiroaki
Published: September 2017

Plasmon-induced hot-electron generation has recently received considerable interest and has been studied to develop novel applications in optoelectronics, photovoltaics and green chemistry. Such hot electrons are typically generated from either localized plasmons in metal nanoparticles or propagating plasmons in patterned metal nanostructures. Here we simultaneously generate these heterogeneous plasmon-induced hot electrons and exploit their cooperative interplay in a single metal-semiconductor device to demonstrate, as an example, wavelength-controlled polarity-switchable photoconductivity. Specifically, the dual-plasmon device produces a net photocurrent whose polarity is determined by the balance in population and directionality between the hot electrons from localized and propagating plasmons. The current responsivity and polarity-switching wavelength of the device can be varied over the entire visible spectrum by tailoring the hot-electron interplay in various ways. This phenomenon may provide flexibility to manipulate the electrical output from light-matter interaction and offer opportunities for biosensors, long-distance communications, and photoconversion applications.
Crossing the threshold of ultrafast laser writing in bulk silicon
Authors: Chanal Margaux , Fedorov Vladimir Yu. , Chambonneau Maxime , Clady Raphaël , Tzortzakis Stelios , Grojo David
Published: September 2017

An important challenge in the field of three-dimensional ultrafast laser processing is to achieve permanent modifications in the bulk of silicon and narrow-gap materials. Recent attempts by increasing the energy of infrared ultrashort pulses have simply failed. Here, we establish that it is because focusing with a maximum numerical aperture of about 1.5 with conventional schemes does not allow overcoming strong nonlinear and plasma effects in the pre-focal region. We circumvent this limitation by exploiting solid-immersion focusing, in analogy to techniques applied in advanced microscopy and lithography. By creating the conditions for an interaction with an extreme numerical aperture near 3 in a perfect spherical sample, repeatable femtosecond optical breakdown and controllable refractive index modifications are achieved inside silicon. This opens the door to the direct writing of three-dimensional monolithic devices for silicon photonics. It also provides perspectives for new strong-field physics and warm-dense-matter plasma experiments.