bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restriction on Religious Muslim Clothes in Kazakhstan
Authors: Muratova Zhansulu
Published: December 2020

Kazakhstan has always been linked to Islam religion. However, the question of Islamic religious clothes has only arisen recently and presents a controversy in secular, contemporary Kazakhstan. The main purpose of the present article is to review the development of Islam religion, the current situation regarding Islamic garments, and the reasons why the government is cautious about the presence of Islamic garments, moreover, the decree on prohibition of wearing headscarves in schools. In addition, the right to religion will be taken into account in order to understand the situation of citizens and their fundamental rights.
In Vitro Assessment of the Impact of Nickel on the Viability and Steroidogenesis in the Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma (NCI-H295R) Cell Line
Authors: LUKAC Norbert , FORGACS Z , DURANOVA H , JAMBOR T , ZEMANOVA J , MASSANYI P , TOMBARKIEWICZ B , ROYCHOUDHURY S , KNAZICKA Z
Published: December 2020

Nickel is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, which has various effects on reproductive endocrinology. In this study, human adrenocortical carcinoma (NCI-H295R) cell line was used as an in vitro biological model to study the effect of nickel chloride (NiCl2) on the viability and steroidogenesis. The cells were exposed to different concentrations (3.90; 7.80; 15.60; 31.20; 62.50; 125; 250 and 500 μM) of NiCl2 and compared with control group (culture medium without NiCl2). The cell viability was measured by the metabolic activity assay. Production of sexual steroid hormones was quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Following 48 h culture of the cells in the presence of NiCl2 a dose-dependent depletion of progesterone release was observed even at the lower concentrations. In fact, lower levels of progesterone were detected in groups with higher doses (≥125 μM) of NiCl2 (P<0.01), which also elicited cytotoxic action. A more prominent decrease in testosterone production (P<0.01) was also noted in comparison to that of progesterone. On the other hand, the release of 17β-estradiol was substantially increased at low concentrations (3.90 to 62.50 μM) of NiCl2. The cell viability remained relatively unaltered up to 125 μM (P>0.05) and slightly decreased from 250 μM of NiCl2 (P<0.05). Our results indicate endocrine disruptive effect of NiCl2 on the release of progesterone and testosterone in the NCI-H295R cell line. Although no detrimental effect of NiCl2 (≤62.50 μM) could be found on 17β-estradiol production, its toxicity may reflect at other points of the steroidogenic pathway.
The Effect of Biohumus on Increasing of the Fertility Gray-Brown Soils in Mountainous Shirvan
Authors: Abasova E.
Published: December 2020

The introduction of biohumus into degraded gray-brown soils contributed to the improvement of their agrophysical and agrochemical properties. The density of the arable horizon has decreased by 0.02–0.16 g/cm3, the content of water-resistant aggregates, providing an optimal water-air regime, has doubled. The introduction of biohumus can solve the problem of soil overconsolidation. The research results show that when biohumus is introduced into gray-brown soils in an amount of 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 m/ha, certain changes occur in the humus content according to its introduction, that is, an increase in the humus content in the arable soil layer compared to with the control option was −0.33, 0.51 and 0.62%. Regular use of biohumus will allow to suspend the process of soil dehumification and improve the conditions of the humus state of the soil, as well as the mineral nutrition of plants, leads to an increase in total nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, which participate and contribute to an increase in soil buffering and prevent the entry of toxic substances into plants.
POKOK NGUDUD KERETEK: KEBIASAAN NGUDUD DAN MUNCULNYA ‘PABRIK KERETEK’ DI KEDIRI, JAWA TIMUR, 1970-AN
Authors: Ridhoi Ronal , Adlani Mohammad Nazri
Published: December 2020

Smoking, cigarette, and keretek have already been addiction to Indonesian peoples,especially in Kediri. Since the 1950s, Kediri has been recognized by its largest cigarettefactory, namely PT Gudang Garam. This study focuses on the linkages between ngudud(smoking) and ‘pabrik keretek’ (micro-scale cigarette factory), and why ngudud is stillexisted as a habit until nowadays. This research used historical method by perusing archives,online reports, articles, books, and interviews. This study indicates that ngudud was affectedby Chinese immigrants who introduced keretek to Kediri since the second half of 20th century,and it has a linkage to the emergence of ‘pabrik keretek’ on the next period. Ngudud, as ahabit, is still existed because keretek became more popular in 1970s and it has been usedfor daily activities and religious rituals in Kediri.
Realization of Sustainable Development Goals as the basis of spatial and regional development integration
Authors:   The National Institute for Strategic Studies, ZHALILO Yaroslav , KOVALIVSKA Svitlana ,   The National Institute for Strategic Studies
Published: December 2020

The measures of Sustainable development goals’ (SDGs) integration into spatial development have been studied. The authors prove that growth of communities’ role in the realization of SDGs enforces the importance of this process’ strateging at the local level. Transition to the stage of sectorial decentralization promotes the capacity of communities to imply the synthetic (multisectorial) framework of SDGs realization. The article shows that SDGs Agenda implementation not only joins the local level stakeholders, but also can form the landmarks to determine priority directions and targeted indicators in the strategic planning of development and gives an opportunity to reach the synergy of spatial development at the levels of region and country as a whole. Also the role of SDGs realization in the establishment of community-level local identity has been mentioned. This identity forms the local social capital as the basis for partnerships of stakeholders of spatial development.
Administrative-teritorial reform in Ukraine: institutional and organizational completion measures
Authors:   The National Institute for Strategic Studies, DVIHUN Alla
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to topical issues of the decentralization of power and the development of local self-government. The purpose of the study is to identify the main problems that have arisen when changing the territorial structure and carrying out sectoral reforms in the process of decentralization: problems of transferring the powers of executive authorities to local governments and their delimitation, creation of an appropriate resource base for the exercise of the powers of local self-government bodies, determination of the procedure for transferring property to joint ownership; making effective decisions on the establishment of local taxes and fees; effective staffing for community development management. Recommendations for the creation and implementation of institutional mechanisms and organizational measures to ensure the completion of the reform of power decentralization are proposed.
Decentralization of power: challenges for newly elected local governments
Authors:   The Research Center for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine, IVANOVA Olga , IVANOV Yurij ,   The Research Center for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to topical issues of power decentralization and the development of local government. The aim of the research is to identify challenges for local governments in the implementation of the decentralization reform and to develop proposals for the spatial development of territorial communities. The problems of functioning and development of united territorial communities have been identified. These problems are differentiation of powers between levels of government; reallocation of resources; discrepancy between delegated powers and financial support of communities; low level of training for the implementation of the powers of local authorities. The directions for overcoming the challenges are suggested. These directions are legislative support for the reform of the decentralization of power; ensuring the financial viability of communities; reallocation of resources; development of mechanisms, criteria for the spatial development of territorial communities; development of programs for the development of personnel of local authorities and newly created communities capable of ensuring the development of territories.
Scenario assessment of fiscal pro-investment expansion in Ukraine
Authors:   SI “Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NAS of Ukraine”, SHVETS Serhij
Published: December 2020

The article identifies the role and place of public investment as one of the significant factors of growth. As a high value of fiscal multiplier, public investment is an effective countercyclical measure to restore economic growth. The goal of the study was to estimate the aftereffect of fiscal pro-investment expansion in Ukraine without increasing the debt burden. The monetary sector should support the increased public investment financed through the domestic government borrowing by expanding the money supply at a rate exceeding the debt growth to minimize the crowding-out effect and support the real sector’s demand for credits. According to the scenario results, the limit of increased public investment in Ukraine compared to the reported data without increased debt burden during the relatively stable 2016?2019 could be 11-19%. The short-term effect of implementing such fiscal pro-investment expansion provided an additional increase in GDP by 1.3-1.8%. Every UAH borrowed by the state and directed to capital investment could add more than 4 UAH of product annually in 2017?2019, which corresponded with the public investment multiplier equal to 1.1. These growth targets may be more significant during COVID-19 crisis, as the fiscal multiplier is usually higher in recessions. Since the indicated growth rates depend on the selected strategic priorities for capital investment in facilities with the highest return, the obtained results assume the development of additional volumes of public investment in the most efficient way providing the expanding of aggregate supply in the longer term.
INCREASING THE BIOGENICITY OF TECHNICAL SOILS WHEN CREATING VEGETATION COVER AS A METHOD OF CONSERVATION TAILING DUMPS FOR MINING WASTE
Authors:   Kola Science Centre of RAS, Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Gorbacheva Tamara T. , Ivanova Lyubov A. ,   N. A. Avronin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, Kola Science Centre of RAS, Rumyantseva Anzhela V. ,   Cherepovets State University, Maksimova Victoria V. ,   Kola Science Centre of RAS
Published: December 2020

The article reviews the domestic and international practice of using municipal wastewater as an unconventional chemical meliorant with a fertilizing effect on irrigation fields, in hydroponic systems, as well as overburden dumps and ore enrichment waste during reclamation activities. The object of research was ore enrichment waste ("tailings") of the apatite-nepheline factory ANOF-2 of the Apatite CF JSC with a predominance of nepheline sands in their composition. The tailing dump is included in the list of objects of accumulated environmental damage in the region, but due to its rich mineral composition, it is recognized as a man-made Deposit that is subject to conservation in order to obtain Apatite, nepheline, sphene, aegirine and titanomagnetite concentrates in the future. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness and prolonged effect of chemical reclamation of nepheline sands by clarified municipal wastewater (CMWW) to increase the biogenicity (NPK status) of technical soil when creating vegetation cover as a method of preserving the tailings dump. The article uses the method of phytotesting of soil irrigated by the CMWW of a regional enterprise of the agricultural sector on a single-species seed material recommended for recultivation of disturbed territories in the Northern regions. During the formation of seeded phytocenosis from meadow Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) on nepheline sands the stimulating effect of CMWW on the soil nutrient regime was confirmed. After phytoextraction (at the end of the experiment), it retains a high residual level of the main nutrient elements (N, P, K), which indicates a prolonged effect of CMWW. To confirm the effect obtained in the laboratory, a field experiment was launched at the ANOF-2 reserve tailings storage facility in 2019, and observations are continuing. Irrigation of nepheline sands with clarified municipal wastewater at a total rate of 380 t/ha, subject to the conditions of multiple uniform distribution of irrigation water over the area, has a prolonged effect on the nutrient regime of the soil and is sufficient to create a stable vegetation cover from Timothy meadow on ore enrichment waste without land use.
CORRECTING THE STATE CADASTRAL ASSESSMENT RESULTS OF LOCAL RESIDENTIAL LANDS
Authors:   LLC ", Sokolova Tatiana A. ,   Resources of Siberia", Moskvin Victor N. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: December 2020

The modern system of state cadastral assessment (SCA) in Russia is designed for mass valuation of real estate – to evaluate groups of objects, which does not allow to ensure the proper reliable level of cadastral value (CV) for each individual object which is the subject to cadastral assessment. In this regard, the task of developing scientific and methodical support for correcting the results of the SCA obtained by mass assessment methods becomes particularly relevant. First of all, this applies to land plots of the category "residential lands" (RL) – objects that are most involved in the economic turnover of the country. This topic has become the main content of this article. The scientific and methodological provision of correcting the results of the SCA, based on the expert analytical method of evaluation - the sales comparison method (SCM), the new technological decision of accounting for the factor of VIR in the assessment of the CV, as well as the principle of compliance with the balance of public and private interests – allows to correct the results of the SCA of RL, increasing their reliability within the balance of interests of the state and land users, which is confirmed by the results of the article. The development of this scientific and methodical provision was carried out in accordance with the legal and methodical frameworks of the Russian SCA RF system using decision-making methods: analysis of hierarchies and expert assessments.
STUDY OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF EARTH GRAVITATIONAL FIELD BY SPECTRAL WINDOW LIMITING METHOD
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Lakeev Ivan Y.
Published: December 2020

The article shows how windows are formed by successively combining harmonics и into a separate group, which act as a lowpass or high harmonic bandpass filter. Manipulation of spectral window width allows to get information about the nature of gravity field spatial distribution in certain frequency ranges. The degree range of the harmonic window was selected so that the result was oriented towards the actual source of the gravity disturbance. Calculations of spectrozonal models of quasi-geoid field height of Western Siberia, Fennoscandia, and Central Russia territories with degree series limiting by values N1-2 from N1 = 2 to N2 = 200, from N1 = 9 to N2 = 22 and N1 = 30 to N2 = 200, were carried out in GeoUnd 1.0 software. This software is used to calculate quasi-geoid height by expansion of gravity field coefficients in spherical functions row. These spectrozonal models are presented in graphical version for illustration and analysis. Results show that using of global quasi-geoid spectrozonal models obtained from Earth's gravity potential combined models is a modern and productive method for detecting current and future vertical Earth crust movements in local and regional areas.
Sediaan “RAJALOM” (Ramuan Jamu Lombok) terhadap Kadar Asam Urat Plasma dan Gambaran Histopatologi Aorta Rattus novergicus
Authors: Diarti Maruni Wiwin , Rohmi Rohmi , Jiwintarum Yunan
Published: December 2020

Hiperurisemia penyebab radang sendi memerlukan penatalaksanaan pengobatan menggunakan bahan-bahan alam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji aktivitas ramuan khas Lombok RAJALOM terhadap kadar asam urat pada plasma dan urin serta mempengaruhi gambaran histopatologi aorta pada hewan coba Rattus novergicus dengan hiperuricema diinduksi diet tinggi kolesterol dan purin. Penelitian ini menggunakan hewan coba Rattus norvegicus yang diinduksi dengan diet tinggi purin dan koleterol dikombinasi potasium oksanat IP 42 mg/200 kkBB tikus. Tikus putih dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok. Tikus putih hiperurecemia diberikan perlakuan pemberian aquades per sonde untuk kelompok kontrol negatif, alopurinol 1,8 mg/200gram BB Tikus untuk kelompok kontrol positif dan kelompok perlakuan diberikan ramuan khas Lombok RAJALOM. Pada akhir perlakuan diambil sampel darah, urin dan aorta untuk pemeriksaan kadar asam urat plasma, kadar asam urat urin dan gambaran histopatologi aorta. Hasil penelitian pemberian ramuan jamu dari Lombok RAJALOM selama 7 dan 14 hari mampu menurunkan kadar asam urat plasma hewan coba dengan rentang antara dan 45,7 %- 77,27 %, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol positif / Allopurinol mampu menurunkan sampai dengan 86 % pada hari ke 14. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan terhadap kadar asam urat plasma hewan coba pada hari ke 7 dan hari ke 14.Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kadar asam urat sebelum perlakuan dengan sesuadah perlakuan pada semua kelompok penelitian. Pemberian induksi dengan pakan tinggi lemak/purin selama 3 minggu pada hewan coba tikus (Rattus Novergicus) tidak menimbulkan terbentuknya plak aterosklerosis. Kesimpulan pemberian ramuan jamu dari Lombok RAJALOM selama 7 dan 14 hari mampu menurunkan kadar asam urat plasma hewan.
Penerapan Swedish Massase dengan Menggunakan Minyak Zaitun terhadap Risiko Kerusakan Integritas Kulit pada Asuhan Keperawatan Pasien dengan Kasus Stroke
Authors: Dewi Dewi Nurviana Suharto , Manggasa Dafrosia Darmi , Agusrianto Agusrianto , Suharto Vita Fadila
Published: December 2020

Stroke merupakan deficit neurologis akibat ketidakefektifan sirkulasi darah otak dikarenakan adanya iskemia atau hemoragik. Defisit neurologis yang dialami pasien stroke secara langsung akan menimbulkan masalah hemiparese. Hemiparese akan menyebabkan pasien mengalami imobilisasi. Imobilisasi menyebabkan pasien beresiko untuk mengalami luka tekan. Perawatan kulit dengan massage merupakan salah satu intervensi keperawatan yang efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya luka tekan. Salah satu tehnik massage yang sering digunakan adalah Swedish massage dengan menggunakan minyak zaitun. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk Mengetahui Kefektifan Penerapan Swedish Massase dengan Olive Oil terhadap Resiko Kerusakan Integritas Kulit pada Asuhan Keperawatan Pasien dengan Kasus Stroke di RSUD Poso. Metode Penelitian adalah Studi Kasus. Subjek adalah pasien stroke dengan imobilisasi. Hasil pengkajian yang didapat yaitu kelemahan badan sebelah kanan, seluruh aktivitas dibantu. Diagnosa yang ditegakan hambatan mobilitas fisik. Intervensi yang disusun yaitu menejeman area penekanan. Implementasi yaitu pemberian tindakan Swedish Massase dengan Olive Oil 2 kali sehari selama 6 hari, dengan masalah resiko kerusakan integritas kulit nilai 1 (tidak terjadi). Setelah dilakukan tindakan Swedish massase dengan olive oil selama 5 hari masalah risiko kerusakan integritas kulit teratasi dengan kriteria, integritas kulit utuh, perfusi jaringan baik, suhu dan kelembaban kulit terjaga. Diharapkan tindakan Swedish massase dengan olive oil dapat menjadi salah satu intervensi keperawatan terprogram untuk mencegah resiko kerusakan integritas kulit pada pasien stroke di RSUD Poso.
Hubungan Dimensi Kepribadian Extraversion dan Openness dengan Keaktifan Kader Posyandu
Authors: Narsih Umi , Rohmatin Homsiatur , Widayati Agustina
Published: December 2020

Kader posyandu merupakan bagian dari masyarakat yang mempunyai peran sebagai motivator, pendidik dan membantu petugas kesehatan agar kesehatan masyarakat dapat tercapai termasuk menurunnya Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB). Kader posyandu yang tidak aktif dapat menyebabkan penurunan AKI dan AKB menjadi tersendat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari dimensi kepribadian extraversion dan openness dengan keaktifan kader posyandu. Metode penelitian menggunakan crosssectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh kader posyandu di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kraksaan Probolinggo sebesar 370 orang. Pengambilan sampel secara random sampling, diperoleh sampel sebesar 192 orang. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar kader posyandu mempunyai dimensi kepribadian extraversion yang rendah dan openness yang sedang serta tidak aktif dalam kegiatan posyandu. Ada hubungan antara dimensi kepribadian extraversion dan openness dengan keaktifan kader posyandu.
Pengaruh Akupresure untuk Mengurangi Mual Muntah Post Operasi : Literature Revew
Authors: Nurmalisa Baiq Emi , Jurana Jurana , Nasrul Nasrul
Published: December 2020

Mual muntah post operasi merupakan komplikasi yang umum terjadi setelah pasien menjalani operasi baik dengan general, regional maupun lokal anastesi. Penggunaan obat-obatan  antiemetik terbukti efektif mengurangi mual muntah akan tetapi beberapa dari jenisnya menimbulkan efek samping. Akupresure dijadikan sebagai alternative pilihan untuk mengurangi insiden mual muntah post operasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan dan kemananan akupresure P6 untuk mencegah mual muntah post operasi. Elektronik database yang digunakan dalam mencari literature adalah (PubMed),  google scholar, NEJM, Proquest mulai tahun 2006-2016.  Intervensi yang digunakan adalah akupresure P6. Adapun outcome utama dari penelitian adalah pencegahan mual muntah post operasi. Dari 8 hasil literature yang melibatkan 1638 responeden menunjukkan bahwa akupresure dapat mengurangi mual muntah post operasi dalam waktu dan  durasi yang bervariasi.
Penerapan Kompres Kayu Manis (Cinnamomun Burmani) terhadap Nyeri pada Asuhan Keperawatan Gerontik dengan Kasus Gout Arthitis
Authors: Parwata Ni Made Ridla Nilasanti , Tasnim Tasnim , Manggasa Dafrosia Darmi , Agusrianto Agusrianto , Dala Desi Kristanti
Published: December 2020

Pendahuluan: Gout Athitis merupakan penyakit metabolic yang di sebabkan oleh kelebihan kadar senyawa urat di dalam tubuh. Tahun 2017 jumlah penderita Gout Arthitis di Puskesmas Mapane sebanyak 613 penderita, tahun 2018 jumlah penderita meningkat menjadi 652 penderita. Jumlah tertinggi penderita terdapat di Kelurahan Kasiguncu sebanyak 22 penderita. Tujuan: Melakukan Asuhan Keperawatan Komprehensif dengan  Penerapan Kompres Kayu Manis terhadap Penurunan Nyeri pada Asuhan Keperawatan Gerontik  pasien Gout Arthitis. Metode: Observasional deskritif desain penelitian studi kasus. Hasil: Kompres kayu manis dapat nyeri gout Arthitis dari skala 6 menjadi 3 setelah 4 kali pemberian pada pagi hari selama 1 minggu dalam waktu 15-20 menit dapat menurunkan nyeri sendi akibat Gout Arthitis. Saran: diharapkan intervensi ini menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi nyeri pada pasien dengan gout arthitis.
Penerapan Terapi Bermain Mewarnai dan Origami terhadap Kecemasan pada Asuhan Keperawatan Anak dengan Hospitalisasi
Authors: Parwata Ni Made Ridla Nilasanti , Rantesigi Nirva
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang: Hospitalisasi yaitu keadaan yang mengharuskan anak mendapatkan perawatan di rumah sakit.  Ketika menjalani perawatan, anak diperhadapkan dengan suasana lingkungan yang sama sekali berbeda dengan keadaan lingkungan di rumah. Hal ini  dapat  mengakibatkan anak bereaksi seperti menangis, takut, menolak tindakan perawatan, stress ataupun cemas. Kecemasan yang terjadi pada anak berdampak pada proses penyembuhan serta tumbuh kembang anak. Tujuan: Penerapan terapi bermain mewarnai dan origami untuk menurunkan kecemasan pada anak dengan hospitalisasi. Metode: observasional deskriptif dengan desain Studi Kasus. Hasil: Intervensi Terapi bermain mewarnai dan origami yang dilakukan selama 4 hari dapat menurunkan tingkat kecemasanani dari tingkat kecemasan sedang menjadi ringan. Kesimpulan: Terapi bermain mewarnai dan origami dapat menurunkan tingkat kecemasan anak hospitalisasi.
High Productivity of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Fucoxanthin by a Marine Diatom Chaetoceros gracilis in a Semi-Continuous Culture
Authors: Tachihana Saki , Nagao Norio , Katayama Tomoyo , Hirahara Minamo , Yusoff Fatimah Md. , Banerjee Sanjoy , Shariff Mohamed , Kurosawa Norio , Toda Tatsuki , Furuya Ken
Published: December 2020

Significantly high eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and fucoxanthin contents with high production rate were achieved in semi continuous culture of marine diatom. Effects of dilution rate on the production of biomass and high value biocompounds such as EPA and fucoxanthin were evaluated in semi-continuous cultures of Chaetoceros gracilis under high light condition. Cellular dry weight increased at lower dilution rate and higher light intensity conditions, and cell size strongly affected EPA and fucoxanthin contents. The smaller microalgae cells showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) value of 17.1 mg g-dw–1 fucoxanthin and 41.5% EPA content per total fatty acid compared to those observed in the larger cells. Chaetoceros gracilis can accumulate relatively higher EPA and fucoxanthin than those reported previously. In addition, maintenance of small cell size by supplying sufficient nutrients and light energy can be the key for the increase production of valuable biocompounds in C. gracilis.
Technical Procedures for Preparation and Administration of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Related Products: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pachito Daniela Vianna , Bagattini Ângela Maria , de Almeida Adriano Marques , Mendrone-Júnior Alfredo , Riera Rachel
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Platelet-rich plasma is widely used for different types of clinical situations, but universal standardization of procedures for its preparation is still lacking.

Methods

Scoping review of comparative studies that have assessed at least two alternatives in one or more stages of preparation, storage and/or administration of PRP or its related products. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS. Two authors screened references independently. Data extraction was performed iteratively, and results were presented for each included comparison.

Results

Thirty-nine studies were included after assessing full texts, focusing on the comparison of PRP to a related product, types of anticoagulants, centrifugation protocols, commercial kits, processing time, methods for activation, and application concomitantly to other substances. Only laboratory outcomes were assessed, as platelet, leukocyte and growth factor concentrations.

Conclusion

Results showed great variability related to methods employed in different stages of PRP processing, which may explain the variability observed in clinical trials assessing the efficacy of PRP for different clinical situations.
Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis: High Performance Computing for Massive Scale Inundation Simulations
Authors: Gibbons Steven J. , Lorito Stefano , Macías Jorge , Løvholt Finn , Selva Jacopo , Volpe Manuela , Sánchez-Linares Carlos , Babeyko Andrey , Brizuela Beatriz , Cirella Antonella , Castro Manuel J. , de la Asunción Marc , Lanucara Piero , Glimsdal Sylfest , Lorenzino Maria Concetta , Nazaria Massimo , Pizzimenti Luca , Romano Fabrizio , Scala Antonio , Tonini Roberto , Manuel González Vida José , Vöge Malte
Published: December 2020

Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (PTHA) quantifies the probability of exceeding a specified inundation intensity at a given location within a given time interval. PTHA provides scientific guidance for tsunami risk analysis and risk management, including coastal planning and early warning. Explicit computation of site-specific PTHA, with an adequate discretization of source scenarios combined with high-resolution numerical inundation modelling, has been out of reach with existing models and computing capabilities, with tens to hundreds of thousands of moderately intensive numerical simulations being required for exhaustive uncertainty quantification. In recent years, more efficient GPU-based High-Performance Computing (HPC) facilities, together with efficient GPU-optimized shallow water type models for simulating tsunami inundation, have now made local long-term hazard assessment feasible. A workflow has been developed with three main stages: 1) Site-specific source selection and discretization, 2) Efficient numerical inundation simulation for each scenario using the GPU-based Tsunami-HySEA numerical tsunami propagation and inundation model using a system of nested topo-bathymetric grids, and 3) Hazard aggregation. We apply this site-specific PTHA workflow here to Catania, Sicily, for tsunamigenic earthquake sources in the Mediterranean. We illustrate the workflows of the PTHA as implemented for High-Performance Computing applications, including preliminary simulations carried out on intermediate scale GPU clusters. We show how the local hazard analysis conducted here produces a more fine-grained assessment than is possible with a regional assessment. However, the new local PTHA indicates somewhat lower probabilities of exceedance for higher maximum inundation heights than the available regional PTHA. The local hazard analysis takes into account small-scale tsunami inundation features and non-linearity which the regional-scale assessment does not incorporate. However, the deterministic inundation simulations neglect some uncertainties stemming from the simplified source treatment and tsunami modelling that are embedded in the regional stochastic approach to inundation height estimation. Further research is needed to quantify the uncertainty associated with numerical inundation modelling and to properly propagate it onto the hazard results, to fully exploit the potential of site-specific hazard assessment based on massive simulations.
A Low-Carbohydrate Diet Improves Glucose Metabolism in Lean Insulinopenic Akita Mice Along With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor
Authors: Fujita Yukihiro , Atageldiyeva Kuralay K. , Takeda Yasutaka , Yanagimachi Tsuyoshi , Makino Yuichi , Haneda Masakazu
Published: December 2020

Objective

A low-carbohydrate diet (LC) can be beneficial to obese subjects with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) presents prompt glucose-lowering effects in subjects with T2DM. We investigated how LC and SGLT2i could similarly or differently influence on the metabolic changes, including glucose, lipid, and ketone metabolism in lean insulinopenic Akita mice. We also examined the impacts of the combination.

Methods

Male Akita mice were fed ad libitum normal-carbohydrate diet (NC) as a control or low-carbohydrate diet (LC) as an intervention for 8 weeks with or without SGLT2i treatment. Body weight and casual bold glucose levels were monitored during the study, in addition to measuring TG, NEFA, and ketone levels. We quantified gene expressions involved in gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism and ketogenesis in the liver and the kidney. We also investigated the immunostaining analysis of pancreatic islets to assess the effect of islet protection.

Results

Both LC and SGLT2i treatment reduced chronic hyperglycemia. Moreover, the combination therapy additionally ameliorated glycemic levels and preserved the islet morphology in part. LC but not SGLT2i increased body weight accompanied by epididymal fat accumulation. In contrast, SGLT2i, not LC potentiated four-fold ketone production with higher ketogenic gene expression, in comparison with the non-treated Akita mice. Besides, the combination did not enhance further ketone production compared to the SGLT2i alone.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that both LC and SGLT2i reduced chronic hyperglycemia, and the combination presented synergistic favorable effects concomitantly with amelioration of islet morphology, while the combination did not enhance further ketosis in Akita mice.
H3K4me3-Mediated Upregulation of LncRNA-HEIPP in Preeclampsia Placenta Affects Invasion of Trophoblast Cells
Authors: Sun Ningxia , Chen Huaiyan , Ma Yan , Pang Wenjuan , Wang Xiang , Zhang Qing , Gao Lu , Li Wen
Published: December 2020

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disease defined as onset of hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th week of pregnancy, which causes most maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Although placental dysfunction is considered as the main cause of PE, the exact pathogenesis of PE is not yet fully understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes, including the occurrence of PE. In this study, we investigated the expression and functions of HIF-1α pathway–related lncRNA-HEIPP (high expression in PE placenta) in the pathogenesis of PE. The expression of lncRNA-HEIPP in the placenta from women who underwent PE was screened by lncRNA microarray and then verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Then, the methylation profile of thelncRNA-HEIPPpromoter and the enrichment of H3K4me3 binding were assessed by bisulfite pyrosequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, respectively. It was found that the level of lncRNA-HEIPP in the PE placenta was significantly higher than that in normal placenta and was increased in HTR-8/SVneo human trophoblast cells upon hypoxia treatment. Moreover, we reported that H3K4me3 manifested significantly higher promoter occupancy onlncRNA-HEIPPpromoter in HTR-8/SVneo cells upon hypoxia treatment and found that the downregulation of lncRNA-HEIPP promoted trophoblast invasion. Our findings suggested that the hypoxia-induced expression of lncRNA-HEIPP mediated by H3K4me3 modification in trophoblast may contribute to the pathogenesis of PE.
Activation of a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Hog1 by DNA Damaging Agent Methyl Methanesulfonate in Yeast
Authors: Huang Shan , Zhang David , Weng Fangli , Wang Yuqi
Published: December 2020

Hog1 is a mitogen-activated protein kinase in yeast that primarily regulates cellular responses to hyperosmolarity stress. In this study, we have examined the potential involvement of Hog1 in mediating cellular responses to DNA damaging agents. We find that treatment of yeast cells with DNA damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) induces a marked and prolonged Hog1 activation. Distinct from stressors such as arsenite that activates Hog1 via inhibiting its phosphatases, activation of Hog1 by MMS is phosphatase-independent. Instead, MMS impairs a critical phosphor-relay process that normally keeps Hog1 in an inactive state. Functionally, MMS-activated Hog1 is not translocated to the nucleus to regulate gene expression but rather stays in the cytoplasm and regulates MMS-induced autophagy and cell adaptation to MMS stress. These findings reveal a new role of Hog1 in regulating MMS-induced cellular stress.
Self-Sensing Pneumatic Compressing Actuator
Authors: Lin Nan , Zheng Hui , Li Yuxuan , Wang Ruolin , Chen Xiaoping , Zhang Xinming
Published: December 2020

Using soft pneumatic actuator is a feasible solution in the complex unstructured environment, owing to their inherent compliance, light weight, and safety. However, due to the limitations of soft actuators' materials and structures, they fall short of motion accuracy and load capacity, or need large-size, bulky compressors. Meanwhile, in order to gain better control, it is essential for them to sense the environments as well. This leads to high-price sensors or a complicated manufacture technique. Here, a self-sensing vacuum soft actuation structure is proposed, aiming at acquiring good balance among precision, output force, and actuation pressure. The actuator mainly comprises a flexible membrane and a compression spring. When actuated, the flexible membrane outside the actuator compresses the internal spring skeleton, realizing large contractile motion in axial direction. Its built-in force sensor can indirectly measure the absolute displacement of the actuator with certain accuracy (about 5% F.S.). Besides, it does not require high actuation pressure to generate enough output force. The actuator is quite easy to manufacture with low cost, and there are a variety of materials to choose from. We established quasi-static models for actuators built of two different kinds of membrane materials, and tested their accuracy and output force. In addition, to break through the limits of vacuum actuation, a method of positive-negative pressure combined actuation has been proposed, which lowers the requirements for air source equipments, increases actuation pressure, and reduces potential safety threats at the same time. This kind of soft actuators can also effectively resist and detect impacts. The design of a two-finger dexterous robot hand and robot joint based on this soft actuator illustrates its broad application prospects in the fields of mobile robots, wearable devices, and human–robot interaction.
Neuromodulation for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Buhagiar Francesca , Fitzgerald Melinda , Bell Jason , Allanson Fiona , Pestell Carmela
Published: December 2020

Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) results from an external force to the head or body causing neurophysiological changes within the brain. The number and severity of symptoms can vary, with some individuals experiencing rapid recovery, and others having persistent symptoms for months to years, impacting their quality of life. Current rehabilitation is limited in its ability to treat persistent symptoms and novel approaches are being sought to improve outcomes following mTBI. Neuromodulation is one technique used to encourage adaptive neuroplasticity within the brain.

Objective: To systematically review the literature on the efficacy of neuromodulation in the mTBI population.

Method: A systematic review was conducted using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and EBM Review. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis reporting guidelines were used and a narrative review of the selected studies was completed. Fourteen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria which were published in English, investigating an adult sample and using a pre- and post-intervention design. Studies were excluded if they included non-mild TBI severities, pediatric or older adult populations.

Results: Thirteen of fourteen studies reported positive reductions in mTBI symptomatology following neuromodulation. Specifically, improvements were reported in post-concussion symptom ratings, headaches, dizziness, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, general disability, cognition, return to work and quality of life. Normalization of working memory activation patterns, vestibular field potentials, hemodynamics of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and excessive delta wave activity were also seen. The studies reviewed had several methodological limitations including small, heterogenous samples and varied intervention protocols, limiting generalisability. Further research is required to understand the context in which neuromodulation may be beneficial.

Conclusions: While these positive effects are observed, limitations included unequal representation of neuromodulation modalities in the literature, and lack of literature describing the efficacy of neuromodulation on the development or duration of persistent mTBI symptoms. Better clarity regarding neuromodulation efficacy could have a significant impact on mTBI patients, researchers, clinicians, and policy makers, facilitating a more productive post-mTBI population. Despite the limitations, the literature indicates that neuromodulation warrants further investigation. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020161279.
Modulation of the Mechanisms Driving Transthyretin Amyloidosis
Authors: Bezerra Filipa , Saraiva Maria João , Almeida Maria Rosário
Published: December 2020

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses are systemic diseases associated with TTR aggregation and extracellular deposition in tissues as amyloid. The most frequent and severe forms of the disease are hereditary and associated with amino acid substitutions in the protein due to single point mutations in theTTRgene (ATTRv amyloidosis). However, the wild type TTR (TTR wt) has an intrinsic amyloidogenic potential that, in particular altered physiologic conditions and aging, leads to TTR aggregation in people over 80 years old being responsible for the non-hereditary ATTRwt amyloidosis. In normal physiologic conditions TTR wt occurs as a tetramer of identical subunits forming a central hydrophobic channel where small molecules can bind as is the case of the natural ligand thyroxine (T4). However, the TTR amyloidogenic variants present decreased stability, and in particular conditions, dissociate into partially misfolded monomers that aggregate and polymerize as amyloid fibrils. Therefore, therapeutic strategies for these amyloidoses may target different steps in the disease process such as decrease of variant TTR (TTRv) in plasma, stabilization of TTR, inhibition of TTR aggregation and polymerization or disruption of the preformed fibrils. While strategies aiming decrease of the mutated TTR involve mainly genetic approaches, either by liver transplant or the more recent technologies using specific oligonucleotides or silencing RNA, the other steps of the amyloidogenic cascade might be impaired by pharmacologic compounds, namely, TTR stabilizers, inhibitors of aggregation and amyloid disruptors. Modulation of different steps involved in the mechanism of ATTR amyloidosis and compounds proposed as pharmacologic agents to treat TTR amyloidosis will be reviewed and discussed.
Rethinking the 8th AJCC System: Is It Suitable for Patients Aged <55 Years With Stage T4N1M0 Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma to Be Placed in Stage I?
Authors: Long Wei , Hu Di , Zhou Ling , Huang Yueye , Zeng Wen , Chen Sichao , Huang Yihui , Li Man , Wang Min , Zhou Wei , Huang Jianglong , Wei Wei , Zhang Chao , Liu Zeming , Guo Liang
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The newest (8th) edition of the TNM staging system published in 2017. In this edition, some significant changes happened from the previous edition. As a result, down-staging appeared in nearly one third of DTC patients. However, we don’t know whether the new system predicts the survival of FVPTC patients accurately. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly evaluate the correlation between the new system and survival prediction in terms of FVPTC.

Methods

We enrolled 17,662 FVPTC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Factors associated with survival were identified by Cox regression analyses. The mortality rates per 1,000 person-years were calculated and compared. Cox proportional hazards regression quantified the risk of survival, and survival curves were produced by Kaplan-Meier analyses using log-rank tests.

Results

Age at diagnosis, race, T-stage at diagnosis, distant metastasis, radiation therapy, and surgery were independent factors associated with cancer-specific survival. Patients aged <55 years with stage T4N1M0 FVPTC had higher mortality rates per 1,000 person-years than patients in the same stage according to the 8th AJCC System. Cox proportional hazards regression reflected that patients aged <55 years with stage T1-3, any N, M0 or T4N0M0 disease (p=0.001) and patients aged ≥55 years with T1-2N0M0 disease (p=0.004) had signiﬁcantly lower risks of cancer-specific survival (CSS) than those aged <55 years with stage T4N1M0 disease. The CSS curve of patients aged <55 years with stage T4N1M0 disease showed a decline on comparison with others belonging to stage I (p<0.001); and the curve was even not different from patients in stage II and stage III (p>0.05).

Conclusion

Patients aged <55 years with stage T4N1M0 FVPTC had worse survival than patients in stage I; no difference was seen on comparison with stage II patients. We recommend this group of patients be upstaged in the 8th AJCC system.
Risk-Adapted Postmastectomy Radiotherapy Decision Based on Prognostic Nomogram for pT1-2N1M0 Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Li Ming , Yue Jinbo , Wan Xiangbo , Hua Bin , Yang Qiuan , Yang Pei , Zhang Zijian , Pei Qian , Han Weidong , Xu Yaping , Xia Xuefeng
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop a widely accepted prognostic nomogram and establish a risk-adapted PMRT strategy based on locoregional recurrence for pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer.

Methods and Materials

A total of 3,033 patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer treated at 6 participating institutions between 2000 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. A nomogram was developed to predicted locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS). A propensity score-matched (PSM) analyses was performed in risk-adapted model.

Results

With the median follow-up of 65.0 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) and LRFS were 93.0, 84.8, and 93.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference between patients who received PMRT or not for the entire group. A nomogram was developed and validated to estimate the probability of 5-year LRFS based on five independent factors including age, primary tumor site, positive lymph nodes number, pathological T stage, and molecular subtype that were selected by a multivariate analysis of patients who did not receive PMRT in the primary cohort. According to the total nomogram risk scores, the entire patients were classified into low- (40.0%), moderate- (42.4%), and high-risk group (17.6%). The 5-year outcomes were significantly different among these three groups (P<0.001). In low-risk group, patients who received PMRT or not both achieved a favorable OS, DFS, and LRFS. In moderate-risk group, no differences in OS, DFS, and LRFS were observed between PMRT and no PMRT patients. In high-risk group, compared with no PMRT, PMRT resulted in significantly different OS (86.8 vs 83.9%, P = 0.050), DFS (77.2 vs 70.9%, P = 0.049), and LRFS (90.8 vs. 81.6%, P = 0.003). After PSM adjustment, there were no significant differences in OS, DFS, and LRFS in low-risk and moderate-risk groups. However, in the high-risk group, PMRT still resulted in significantly better OS, DFS and improved LRFS.

Conclusions

The proposed nomogram provides an individualized risk estimate of LRFS in patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer. Risk-adapted PMRT for high-risk patients is a viable effective strategy.