bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enuresis and Punishment: The Adverse Effects on Child Development and on Treatment
Authors: Ferrara Pietro , Di Giuseppe Maria , Fabrizio Giovanna Carmela , Sbordone Annamaria , Amato Maria , Cutrona Costanza , Verrotti Alberto
Published: July 2016

Objective: To investigate the role of punishment in enuretic children and how the punishments can influence therapy response. Methods: We enrolled 218 enuretic children. The children and their families were asked to participate in the study at the end of the clinical evaluation. Results: The analysis of the questionnaires shows that at least one punishment because of nocturnal enuresis (NE) had been applied to 27 out of 218 (12.4%) children. Punishment methods were reprimanding in 19 out of 27 (70.4%), depriving of sleep in 11 out of 27 (40.7%), mildly beating in 3 out of 27 (11.1%), leaving the child wet in 1 out of 27 (3.7%) and other methods in 2 out of 27 (7.4%). In the group of punished children, a full or partial response in terms of a decreased number of wet nights was achieved in 40.7 vs. 59.2% in children who had not been punished. Conclusions: Parents should be sensitized on the adverse effects of punishment on child development. It is important in childcare to explain the definitions of the disorder and find the best treatment (behavioural and/or medicinal) depending on the single patient, his/her family and compliance of both. Successful management of NE has benefits to both the child and the family.
Prior Lubrication of the Urethra Does Not Reduce Pain Perception in Men Undergoing Flexible Cystoscopy
Authors: Carrion Albert , García-Cruz Eduardo , Fernandez Caterina , D'Anna Maurizio , Melnick Anat , Peri Lluis , Franco Agustin , Alcaraz Antonio
Published: July 2016

Objective: The study aimed to test the hypothesis that the instillation of lidocaine gel does not reduce the pain related to flexible cystoscopy. Material and Methods: A prospective randomized study was designed to compare the pain perception between intraurethral instillation of lidocaine gel and saline solution in flexible cystoscopy. One hundred consecutive male patients attending for flexible cystoscopy were randomized to receive 10 ml of lidocaine gel or 10 ml of saline solution. Saline solution was also used for the irrigation pressure. Patients recorded their pain on a 10 cm Visual Analog Scale before and after the procedure. Patients also assessed whether the cystoscopy was more painful than the previous one. Statistical comparison was made using the t test for parametrical data and the Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametrical data. Results: Mean pain score in the lidocaine group was 0.67 ± 1.11 cm (range 0-5) compared to 0.55 ± 1.10 cm (range 0-5) in the saline solution group. Pain perception did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (mean difference 0.12 cm, 95% CI -0.32 to 0.55, p = 0.40). Conclusions: Prior lubrication of the urethra does not reduce the pain produced during flexible cystoscopy. The introduction of flexible cystoscopes under direct vision and with an irrigation pressure might guarantee sufficient comfort and the lubricant gel instillation could be avoided.
Edital é pouco, meu prêmio primeiro: uma análise material do “mercado” teatral brasileiro
Authors: Friques Manoel Silvestre
Published: July 2016

Este texto apresenta uma análise das condições materiais do mercado teatral brasileiro, a partir de dados colhidos de fontes oficiais diversas, com a finalidade de se elaborar um perfil de funcionamento da produção cênica no país, o que ainda é um tabu nos circuitos teatrais. Justapõe- -se aos indicadores referentes à distribuição dos equipamentos teatrais, aos hábitos teatrais dos brasileiros, à Lei Rouanet e ao Catarse, uma reflexão a respeito da lei de Baumol, considerada pelos economistas da cultura a teoria que justifica o comportamento econômico do teatro. Por fim, propõe-se um cruzamento das informações coletadas com a produção – poética e discursiva – do circuito artístico, em geral, e teatral, em particular, a fim de se vislumbrar um possível perfil material da produção teatral brasileira.
Feeding habits of Enyalius perditus (Squamata: Leiosauridae) in an Atlantic Forest remnant in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Maia-Carneiro Thiago , Motta-Tavares Tatiana , Vrcibradic Davor , Kiefer Mara C. , Dorigo Thiago A. , Rocha Carlos F. D. , Sluys Monique Van
Published: July 2016

Hábitos alimentares de Enyalius perditus (Squamata: Leiosauridae) em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no sudeste do Brasil. O objetivo do presente estudo foi fornecer informações sobre hábitos alimentares e outros aspectos ecológicos do lagarto Enyalius perditus em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil. No Rio de Janeiro, os indivíduos de E. perditus alimentaram-se predominantemente de artrópodes, como lagartas, isópodes e aranhas, como é típico de lagartos desse gênero. Não houve variação pronunciada nos principais tipos de presas consumidas entre essa e outras populações de E. perditus estudadas, apesar de haver diferenças potenciais nos suprimentos alimentares entre ambientes. Os indivíduos consumiram fragmentos de folhas mortas, ingeriram presas comumente encontradas na serapilheira (e.g., Isopoda e larvas de Coleoptera) e foram algumas vezes encontrados no chão ou capturados em armadilhas-de-queda durante os trabalhos de campo, o que sugere que esses lagartos utilizam a serapilheira do chão da floresta para o forrageio e outras atividades, embora também utilizem poleiros acima do nível do chão.
Marxism, Religion and the Taiping Revolution
Authors: Boer Roland
Published: July 2016

This study offers a specific interpretation of the Taiping Revolution in China in the mid-nineteenth century. It was not only the largest revolutionary movement in the world at the time, but also one that was inspired by Christianity. Indeed, it marks the moment when the revolutionary religious tradition arrived in China. My account of the revolution stresses the role of the Bible, its radical reinterpretation by the Taiping revolutionaries, and the role it played in their revolutionary acts and reconstruction of economic and social relations. After providing this account, I raise a number of implications for Marxist approaches to religion. These involve the revolutionary religious tradition, first identified by Engels and established by Karl Kautsky, the question of political ambivalence of a religion like Christianity, and the distinction between ontological and temporal transcendence.
Transitions to Capitalism
Authors: Leach Nicole
Published: July 2016

This paper assesses the work of Robert Brenner alongside the insights developed within social-reproduction feminism to reassess discussions on the origins of capitalism. The focus on the internal relation between social production and social reproduction allows social-reproduction feminism to theorise the construction of gendered capitalist social relations that previous accounts of the transition to capitalism have thus far been unable to provide. It argues that a revised political Marxism has the potential to set up a non-teleological and historically specific account of the origins of capitalism. This paper seeks to redress the theoretical shortcomings of political Marxism that allow it to fail to account for the differentiated yet internally related process involved in the constitution and reconstitution of gendered capitalist social relations. This critique contributes to a social-reproduction feminism project of exploring processes of social production and social reproduction in their historical development and contemporary particularities.
Verdi in Victorian London
Authors: Zicari Massimo
Published: July 2016

Now a byword for beauty, Verdi’s operas were far from universally acclaimed when they reached London in the second half of the nineteenth century. Why did some critics react so harshly? Who were they and what biases and prejudices animated them? When did their antagonistic attitude change? And why did opera managers continue to produce Verdi’s operas, in spite of their alleged worthlessness?

Massimo Zicari’s Verdi in Victorian London reconstructs the reception of Verdi’s operas in London from 1844, when a first critical account was published in the pages of The Athenaeum, to 1901, when Verdi’s death received extensive tribute in The Musical Times. In the 1840s, certain London journalists were positively hostile towards the most talked-about representative of Italian opera, only to change their tune in the years to come. The supercilious critic of The Athenaeum, Henry Fothergill Chorley, declared that Verdi’s melodies were worn, hackneyed and meaningless, his harmonies and progressions crude, his orchestration noisy. The scribes of The Times, The Musical World, The Illustrated London News, and The Musical Times all contributed to the critical hubbub.

Yet by the 1850s, Victorian critics, however grudging, could neither deny nor ignore the popularity of Verdi’s operas. Over the final three decades of the nineteenth century, moreover, London’s musical milieu underwent changes of great magnitude, shifting the manner in which Verdi was conceptualized and making room for the powerful influence of Wagner. Nostalgic commentators began to lament the sad state of the Land of Song, referring to the now departed "palmy days of Italian opera." Zicari charts this entire cultural constellation.

Verdi in Victorian London is required reading for both academics and opera aficionados. Music specialists will value a historical reconstruction that stems from a large body of first-hand source material, while Verdi lovers and Italian opera addicts will enjoy vivid analysis free from technical jargon. For students, scholars and plain readers alike, this book is an illuminating addition to the study of music reception.
COPD and exercise: does it make a difference?
Authors: Spruit Martijn A. , Burtin Chris , De Boever Patrick , Langer Daniël , Vogiatzis Ioannis , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Franssen Frits M.E.
Published: July 2016

Key points

Physiological changes are observed following a structured exercise training programme in patients with COPD, without changes in resting lung function.

Exercise training is the cornerstone of a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programme in patients with COPD.

Most comorbidities in patients referred for pulmonary rehabilitation remain undiagnosed and untreated.

After careful screening, it is safe for COPD patients with comorbidities to obtain significant and clinically relevant improvements in functional exercise capacity and health status after an exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme.

Educational aims

To inform readers of the positive effects of exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD, even with comorbid conditions.

To inform readers of the importance of physical activity in patients with COPD.

Exercise training is widely regarded as the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Indeed, exercise training has been identified as the best available means of improving muscle function and exercise tolerance in patients with COPD. So, exercise training truly makes a difference in the life of patients with COPD. In this review, an overview is provided on the history of exercise training (as standalone intervention or as part of a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programme), exercise training in comorbid patients with COPD, and the impact of physical activity counselling in a clean air environment.
Common causes of dyspnoea in athletes: a practical approach for diagnosis and management
Authors: Smoliga James M. , Mohseni Zahra S. , Berwager Jeffrey D. , Hegedus Eric J.
Published: July 2016

Key points

“Dyspnoea” during exercise is a common complaint in seemingly otherwise healthy athletes, which may be associated with fatigue and underperformance.

Because dyspnoea is an general term and may be caused by numerous factors, ranging from poor aerobic fitness to serious, potentially fatal respiratory and nonrespiratory pathologies, it is important for clinicians to obtain an appropriate case history and ask relevant exercise-specific questions to fully characterise the nature of the complaint so that a targeted diagnostic plan can be developed.

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction are two common causes of dyspnoea in athletes, and both are regularly misdiagnosed and mismanaged due to poor adherence to available practice parameters.

Aside from airway dysfunction, iron deficiency and anaemia, infectious disease, and musculoskeletal conditions are common problems in athletes which ultimately may lead to complaints of dyspnoea.

Educational aims

To inform readers of the common causes of dyspnoea encountered in athletes.

To highlight that airway diseases, such as asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, are commonly misdiagnosed and mismanaged.

To introduce readers to common nonairway causes of dyspnoea in athletes, including clinical features and general principles of diagnosis, and management.

To emphasise the importance of a detailed case history and proper adherence to established protocols in evaluating and managing the dyspnoeic athlete.

To provide readers with a general framework of appropriate questions that are useful for developing a targeted diagnostic plan for evaluating dyspnoeic athletes.

Dyspnoea during exercise is a common chief complaint in athletes and active individuals. It is not uncommon for dyspnoeic athletes to be diagnosed with asthma, “exercise-induced asthma” or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction based on their symptoms, but this strategy regularly leads to misdiagnosis and improper patient management. Dyspnoea during exercise can ultimately be caused by numerous respiratory and nonrespiratory conditions, ranging from nonpathological to potentially fatal in severity. As, such it is important for healthcare providers to be familiar with the many factors that can cause dyspnoea during exercise in seemingly otherwise-healthy individuals and have a general understanding of the clinical approach to this patient population. This article reviews common conditions that ultimately cause athletes to report dyspnoea and associated symptoms, and provides insight for developing an efficient diagnostic plan.
Informal unemployment and education
Authors: Kolm Ann-Sofie , Larsen Birthe
Published: July 2016

This paper develops a four-sector equilibrium search and matching model with informal sector employment opportunities and educational choice. We show that underground activities reduce educational attainments if informal employment opportunities mainly are available for low-educated workers. A more zealous enforcement policy will in this case improve educational incentives as it reduces the attractiveness of remaining a low-educated worker. However, unemployment also increases. Characterizing the optimal enforcement policies, we find that relatively more audits should be targeted towards the sector employing low-educated workers; elsewise, a too low stock of educated workers is materialized.
Advances in PET/MR instrumentation and image reconstruction
Authors: Cabello Jorge , Ziegler Sibylle I
Published: July 2016

The combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI has attracted the attention of researchers in the past approximately 20 years in small-animal imaging and more recently in clinical research. The combination of PET/MRI allows researchers to explore clinical and research questions in a wide number of fields, some of which are briefly mentioned here. An important number of groups have developed different concepts to tackle the problems that PET instrumentation poses to the exposition of electromagnetic fields. We have described most of these research developments in preclinical and clinical experiments, including the few commercial scanners available. From the software perspective, an important number of algorithms have been developed to address the attenuation correction issue and to exploit the possibility that MRI provides for motion correction and quantitative image reconstruction, especially parametric modelling of radiopharmaceutical kinetics. In this work, we give an overview of some exemplar applications of simultaneous PET/MRI, together with technological hardware and software developments.
Pour une poétique du nom de personnage
Authors: Bidaud Samuel
Published: July 2016

Prolegomena to a poetics of the character’s name. We propose in this article a poetics of the character’s name. The character’s name can be studied from an autonomous point of view as well as from a structural point of view. From an autonomous point of view, at first, we show that the character’s name especially reflects a personal, a social, a physical, a generic, a geographical, an autobiographical or a referential characteristic of the character. We also focus on two particular cases, the case in which the name of the character is incomplete and the case in which the identity of the character is changing. The structural point of view, on the contrary, consists in studying the names of the characters of a same work by comparing them to each other. We focus in this way on the thematic role of the characters’ names, and on the case in which some phonetic features are recurrent in the names of several characters and must therefore be interpreted. We eventually mention the problem of the translation of the characters’ names, focusing on two situations: the situation in which the character’s name has no obvious meaning, and is not really translated, and the situation in which the character’s name has a real meaning, and is either translated literally or adapted.
Rehepapp and Robin Hood: Tricksters or Heroes?
Authors: Rüsse Paul , Nuut Karita
Published: July 2016

In reference books and specialised literature, the traditional distinction between the culture hero and the trickster remains surprisingly unequivocal: the latter mythological character is usually defined as the demonic or comical counterpart of the former. While it might be a useful if rigid description for an encyclopaedia, does it always hold true in works of fiction? The present essay attempts to demonstrate that the interaction of the two types is much more ambiguous, and this complex and contradictory relationship is traced through the juxtaposition of probably the best-known characters in Estonian and English folklore, Rehepapp and Robin Hood. Albeit to a different degree, these personages possess traits of both the trickster and the hero but play somewhat different roles in their respective societies. The aim of the article, therefore, is to compare these functions in Rehepapp ehk november by Andrus Kivirähk and The Adventures of Robin Hood and His Merry Outlaws by J. Walker McSpadden and Charles Wilson.
The Placement of Lucian’s Novel True History in the Genre of Science Fiction
Authors: Viglas Katelis
Published: July 2016

Among the works of the ancient Greek satirist Lucian of Samosata, well-known for his scathing and obscene irony, there is the novel True History. In this work Lucian, being in an intense satirical mood, intended to undermine the values of the classical world. Through a continuous parade of wonderful events, beings and situations as a substitute for the realistic approach to reality, he parodies the scientific knowledge, creating a literary model for the subsequent writers. Without doubt, nowadays, Lucian’s large influence on the history of literature has been highlighted. What is missing is pointing out the specific characteristics that would lead to the placement of True History at the starting point of Science Fiction. We are going to highlight two of these features: first, the operation of “cognitive estrangement”, which aims at providing the reader with the perception of the difference between the convention and the truth, and second, the use of strange innovations (“novum”) that verify the value of Lucian’s work by connecting it to historicity.
Found in Translation: The Reception of Andrei Ivanov’s Prose in Estonia
Authors: Kõvamees Anneli
Published: July 2016

Andrei Ivanov (b. 1971) is the most well known Estonian Russianlanguage writer who has won many literary awards in Estonia and Russia. His prose and position in the literary field of Estonia has initiated the discussion about the exact definition of Estonian literature and the status of the Estonian Russian-language literature. Due to Ivanov’s prose, the world of Estonian Russians has become more visible for the Estonian audience. He also gives a piercing look into the modern society and offers a different perspective on the world; these are some of the reasons of his popularity. The article focuses on the analysis of the reception of Ivanov’s prose published in Estonian. The vast majority of Ivanov’s prose has been translated into Estonian: Путешествие Ханумана на Лолланд, Харбинские мотыльки, Бизар, Исповедь лунатика, Горсть праха, Печатный шар Расмуса Хансена, Мой датский дядюшка and Зола. The author has entered the Estonian cultural field through translations, it may be said that he has been found in translations. Ivanov’s books are bestsellers and widely discussed in newspapers, blogs and in the literary magazines. The position of Estonian Russian literature has shifted from the periphery into the spotlight and the works by Ivanov have played a decisive role in that process. The article focuses on the analysis of the reception of Ivanov’s prose published in Estonian. The articles published in the Estonian language and concentrating on his prose (both in newspapers and in the literary magazines) are under observation. What topics have been discussed? Which aspects of Ivanov’s prose have attracted the attention of the critics?
Theoretical basis of pretest interview the survey on a polygraph
Authors: Реуцкая  , Reutskaya Irina
Published: July 2016

The article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the pretest interview in the survey using the polygraph as a method of psychology. The author proposes to consider the pretest interview as an introduction to experiment with elements semiformalized directional diagnostic interview.
Ugra: the promotion of the tourist potential in the domestic market
Authors: Адашова Татьяна , Adashova Tatyana , Косарева Наталья , Kosareva Natalya , Лапочкина Виктория , Lapochkina Viktoriya
Published: July 2016

Economic efficiency of tourism industry and its benefits for the territories have fundamentally changed the attitude of the Russian regions to tourism in general for the past decade over the past decade. The regions that had traditionally specialized in other sectors of the economy began to show interest in its development. It leads to a natural reinforcing competition of those who took its place in the tourist business long ago, and those who has just started. One of the successfully developing regions, well-known among Russians as the leading oil-producing region – ​the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Yugra), is taking active steps not only to promote their tourism resources and ready tourism products, but also to strengthen their competitiveness in both domestic and foreign markets. Events (tourism exhibitions, forums, investment activities associated with the development and introduction of new tourist routes and participation in projects, creation of tourism websites, portals and many others. etc.), which take place in the district, contribute to the promotion of the territory as one of the most interesting Russian tourist destinations, and, as a consequence, lead to increasing of the tourist stream. Various tourism resources (ethnographic, ecological, cultural, historical and other) are the basis for building new and, most importantly, competitive tourism products. Among the promising directions are considered ethno-tourism and acquaintance of tourists with the national characteristics of the resident indigenous peoples of the North – ​Khanty, Mansi, Forest Nenets, Komi-Zyrians. The attractiveness of Ugra as a center of business tourism, which makes on its territory a variety of business, scientific, cultural and sporting events of all-Russian and international level, increases. Successful marketing policy for the promotion of the tourist potential of the Autonomous Okrug in the domestic and foreign markets contributes to the formation of a new image of Ugra as an attractive tourist center.
Organization of the tourist information centre in the region on the basis of the University: the specificity and objectives
Authors: Кирьянова Лилия , Kiryanova Liliya , Ким Олег , Kim Oleg , Юматов Константин , Yumatov Konstantin
Published: July 2016

The article is devoted to the creation of one of the main elements of the tourist destination marketing– tourist information center (TIC). In countries with high tourism development the TICs are integral to the promotion of each destination, in Russia at the moment there are only a few dozens. The authors point out main problems of creation and development of the TIC in Russia: harmonization of interests of founders, funding, functions. They are solved differently, depending on how they create the InfoCenter, which can be state or municipal institution, private profit organization, a public non-profit corporate structure or instrument of the Association of tourism enterprises. However, in specific domestic situations with limited development of the tourism market may the University may become the initiator and main driving force of TIC. The article discusses the unique successful experience of authors on creation of the particles on the basis of the University – ​the Tourist information centre of Kemerovo region on the basis of Kemerovo State University. It was created as a result of the interaction between structures of education, government, business, and business in the framework of the projects «Tempus» «Network of regional centers for tourism». The participants of the project (Kemerovo State University, Department of youth policy and sports of administration of the Kemerovo region and the Kuzbass Association of tourism industry) fonded the Regional resource centre of the tourism industry on the base of University. The resource center created and developed two important interrelated projects: «Tourist information centre of Kemerovo region» and «Strategy of development of tourist-recreational cluster of Kuzbass for the period up to 2025».
Prospective directions of rural tourism development on the territory of Novosibirsk region
Authors: Феденева Ирина , Fedeneva Irina , Комарова Лидия , Komarova Lidiya
Published: July 2016

The article is devoted to the prospective directions for development of rural tourism in Novosibirsk region. Rural tourism represents one of the possibilities of development of internal tourism in Russia in General and Siberia in particular. A brief analysis of the concept “rural tourism”, describes the various approaches to its organization. The rural tourism stands for travels which primary consumer motivation is the recreation and accommodation in rural areas, use of the capabilities of peasant farms or resorts that allow to learn about the traditional cultures that ultimately, in addition to recreational purposes, allow to solve social-economic

problems of the territory. Positive examples of rural tourism development can be observed in Siberia, in Baikal region, Omsk region, Altai Krai. In Novosibirsk region, there is still no offers of tourist product in the framework of rural tourism, however, the question of its development is the main one of the regional government. It appears that the most promising form of rural tourism in Novosibirsk region may be the accommodation in small private farms, which will not require a fundamental change in the culture and way of life of rural residents and will provide an opportunity to offer a relatively inexpensive recreation. As a result it will be possible to solve social-economic problems of rural areas, increasing the level of the population income, forming alternative employment, organizing an additional market for farm products, and city residents will have new opportunities for recreation organization in their region.
System synthesis of the agritourism category
Authors: Дьяченко Александр , Dyachenko Aleksandr
Published: July 2016

This article presents a set of general system characteristics used to identify the conceptual properties of agritourism. There are the results of a formalized systematic and positive analysis of known conceptual directions of system perfection of agritourism relations. Accoding to these results the author identifies the imperatives and synthesizes

the corresponding category. The article identifies a system of agritourism as a business network of rural tourism using the convenient location of the tourist farmsteads. This network is organized by its owners and individuals influencing the development of tourism with these aims: to meet the interests of tourists in the fields of winemaking, fishing, agricultural technologies, advanced methods of management; to explore natural phenomena, crafts,

monuments of history and architecture; to participate in folk games, festivals, folklore performances. Rural tourism develops on the basis of the family agribusiness in the conditions enabling the legal system and its initial funding. Progressive legislation contributes to effective management, to strengthening of tourism position in the territories, to

the demonstrations and the marketing of agricultural products to the tourists, to the development of intensive farms, to the increasing incomes from tourist destinations and their products. A promising development of rural tourism requires new ways of getting income, renovation and construction of recreation facilities, gift shops, creation of

interest collections to tourists, organisation of festivals, restoration of historical and architectural monuments. The complex business of rural tourism is a form of cluster. Maximizing business performance in rural tourism s implements optimal account of district interests. The districts of agricultural cluster are owners of tourist farms and other persons who make an independent economic activity on the market of services of rural tourism. Agritourism creates an economic base for rural development, promotes the preservation of local customs, folklore, crafts.
Methods of tourist and recreational resources evaluation of dependent countries and territories of the world
Authors: Афанасьев Олег , Afanasiev Oleg
Published: July 2016

Modern political map of the world has preserved many fragments of colonial empires, with various official political statuses. These areas, like any other, have their own tourist-recreational resources and attractive destinations that offer unique opportunities for tourists. The tourist potential of these political entities has not been studied both in the world and in the Russian science about tourism, in the domestic market of tourism they are unknown, and that’s why they are not in demand. However, these countries and territories are quite capable to compete with many well-known and “beaten” areas according to the quality of the service and the services, which they offer. The aim of this study was the attempt to develop methodology for comparative scoring evaluation of social-economic and recreational resources for 30 countries and dependent territories of the world. The relevance of this issue is due to current trends of growth of demand of consumers of tourist services at a unique, specific, safe and high-standard direction. Located away from mass tourist flows, or in the shadow of world-renowned destinations possessing significant recreational potential, dependent countries and territories may offer a fundamentally new tourism product for the domestic market. For comparative characteristics and evaluation of social-economic tourist and recreational resources of dependent countries the authors developed a scoring matrix that includes seven indicators, each of which is graded on a scale. According to the results of integrated assessment, all analyzed dependent countries and territories are united in five groups – ​with low, middle-low, medium, medium-high and high characteristics of touristrecreational resources. Almost all of the analyzed territories offer a wide range of tourist and entertainment services. Anguilla, Aruba, Bermuda, Puerto Rico, French Polynesia are different with particularly developed infrastructure.
Influence of mass media on the institute of The Church
Authors: Ефимова Людмила , Efimova Lyudmila , Котов Сергей , Kokotov Sergey
Published: July 2016

Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) takes an active part in cultural and social life of Russian society. This is possible thanks to renew relationship between the state and the Church and significant changes in the country. The sociology of religion pays great attention to the study of the social functions performed by religion in the population. Every religion defines the behavior of the adherents in society. It’s usually achieved by a set of

moral precepts, prohibitions and norms that are implemented at social and individual levels of behavior and confession. The Church generates content of interest to the media, takes the initiative in developing contacts with the journalistic community, opening up as much as possible to different categories of population on any issue, but society hasn’t been ready for self-perception in such a positive activity yet.
Receiving vectors of muon telescope of cosmic ray station Novosibirsk
Authors: Янчуковский Валерий , Yanchukovsky Valery , Григорьев Владислав , Grigoryev Vladislav , Крымский Гермоген , Krymsky Germogen , Кузьменко Василий , Kuzmenko Vasiliy , Молчанов Антон , Molchanov Anton
Published: July 2016

The method of receiving vectors allows us to determine cosmic ray anisotropy at every moment of time. Also, the method makes it possible to study fast anisotropy fluctuations related to the interplanetary medium dynamics. Receiving vectors have been calculated earlier for neutron monitors and muon telescopes. However, most muon telescopes of the network of cosmic ray stations for which calculations were made does not operate now. In recent years, new, improved detectors have been developed. Unfortunately, the use of them is limited because of the absence of receiving coefficients. These detectors include a matrix telescope in Novosibirsk. Therefore, receiving vector components for muon telescopes of observation cosmic ray station Novosibirsk have been defined. Besides, design features of the facility, its orientation, and directional diagram depending on zenith and azimuth angles were taken into account. Also, for the system of telescopes, we allowed for coupling coefficients found experimentally by the test detector.
System Approach to Managing Transformation Program in the Company
Authors: ������  , Anshin Valeriy
Published: July 2016

The article from the standpoint of a systematic approach deals with management

of transformational programs. In the paper is developed a detailed

typology of transformational programs. Various concepts of systems theory

in terms of their use in program management business transformation are

analyzed. Structural "viable" transformational program model, system dynamics

model of the program are developed. In the article is proposed the

system methodology of transformation program management, consisting of

six interconnected blocks.
Technology-enhanced science learning through remote laboratory: System design and pilot implementation in tertiary education
Authors: Tho Siew Wei , Yeung Yau Yuen
Published: July 2016

This paper reports the research on the successful development of a new remote laboratory (RL) system through some innovative ideas and methods for practising technology-enhanced learning of science education. The Internet-based RL system enables learners to control and observe the server-side laboratory equipment as well as perform real-time scientific investigation activities at distant places. As a pilot implementation study, a set of newly developed remote experiments were first tried out by a total of 64 undergraduate students in a tertiary institution mainly for teacher education. The evaluation used a mixed research method which included a questionnaire survey, open-ended questions and interviews as specifically developed by us to collect data on students’ perceptions, views and implementation issues related to the use of the RL system. The survey findings show that the participants agreed with the appropriateness of various educational merits of the RL system and the ways of conducting those innovative experiments. Furthermore, negative comments and suggestions for improvement were identified. Based upon these, we have refined our RL system and the RL design principles through an iteration of design-based research.
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Muscle Strength in Athletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chiang Chien-ming , Ismaeel Ahmed , Griffis Rachel B. , Weems Suzy
Published: July 2016

Chiang, C-m, Ismaeel, A, Griffis, RB, and Weems, S. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength in athletes: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 566–574, 2017—The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength in athletes. A computerized literature search of 3 databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus) was performed. Included in the review were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in English, which measured serum vitamin D concentrations and muscle strength in healthy, athletic participants aged 18–45 years. Quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Five RCTs and 1 controlled trial were identified, and quality assessment showed 5 trials were of “excellent quality” and 1 was of “good quality.” Trials lasted from 4 weeks to 6 months and dosages ranged from 600 to 5,000 International Units (IU) per day. Vitamin D2 was found to be ineffective at impacting muscle strength in both studies wherein it was administered. In contrast, vitamin D3 was shown to have a positive impact on muscle strength. In 2 studies, strength outcome measures were significantly improved after supplementation (p ≤ 0.05). In the other 2 studies administering vitamin D3, there were trends for improved muscle strength. Specifically, improvements in strength ranged from 1.37 to 18.75%. Additional studies are needed to confirm these associations.
Upper-Extremity Explosive Resistance Training With Older Adults Can Be Regulated Using the Rating of Perceived Exertion
Authors: Row Lazzarini Brandi S. , Dropp Mitchell W. , Lloyd William
Published: July 2016

Row Lazzarini, BR, Dropp, M, and Lloyd, W. Upper-extremity explosive resistance training with older adults can be regulated using the rating of perceived exertion. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 831–836, 2017—Explosive resistance training (ERT) improves muscle strength and power in older adults. Previous work has determined that the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale can be used to regulate ERT loads for older adults on the leg press exercise. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the Borg RPE scale and ERT loads relative to the 1 repetition maximum (%1RM) in older adults during the chest press exercise. Healthy seniors (n = 10 men, mean [SD] age 75.8 [7.9]; n = 10 women, age 73.0 [6.3]) took part in 2 sessions on nonconsecutive days. During the first session, subjects reported their RPE during multiple ERT repetitions on the chest press for 7 loads across the spectrum of “light” to “heavy”, ranging from 20 to 105% body weight. The loads, concealed from the participants, were presented in randomized order. During the second session, a 1RM strength test was conducted. Each load experienced on the first visit was calculated as %1RM. Rating of perceived exertion was averaged across subjects for each 5% range of 1RM from 35% 1RM to 110% 1RM. Regression analysis was used to determine if RPE predicts %1RM during chest press ERT. Rating of perceived exertion predicted the %1RM corresponding with chest press ERT loads (R
2 = 97.6%, SEE 3.6, p < 0.001). Loads that would elicit both strength and power gains (70–90% 1RM) corresponded with an RPE of 14–17. As previously demonstrated with the leg press, ERT loads can be regulated for older adults during the chest press using RPE, allowing ERT to be conducted without maximal strength testing. This approach may increase the adoption of this training method for a broader spectrum of seniors.
Power Relative to Body Mass Best Predicts Change in Core Temperature During Exercise-Heat Stress
Authors: Gibson Oliver R. , Willmott Ashley G.B. , James Carl A. , Hayes Mark , Maxwell Neil S.
Published: July 2016

Gibson, OR, Willmott, AGB, James, CA, Hayes, M, and Maxwell, NS. Power relative to body mass best predicts change in core temperature during exercise-heat stress. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 403–414, 2017—Controlling internal temperature is crucial when prescribing exercise-heat stress, particularly during interventions designed to induce thermoregulatory adaptations. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the rate of rectal temperature (Trec) increase, and various methods for prescribing exercise-heat stress, to identify the most efficient method of prescribing isothermic heat acclimation (HA) training. Thirty-five men cycled in hot conditions (40° C, 39% R.H.) for 29 ± 2 minutes. Subjects exercised at 60 ± 9% V̇o
2peak, with methods for prescribing exercise retrospectively observed for each participant. Pearson product moment correlations were calculated for each prescriptive variable against the rate of change in Trec (° C·h−1), with stepwise multiple regressions performed on statistically significant variables (p ≤ 0.05). Linear regression identified the predicted intensity required to increase Trec by 1.0–2.0° C between 20- and 45-minute periods and the duration taken to increase Trec by 1.5° C in response to incremental intensities to guide prescription. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) relationships with the rate of change in Trec were observed for prescriptions based on relative power (W·kg−1; r = 0.764), power (%Powermax; r = 0.679), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (r = 0.577), V̇o
2 (%V̇o
2peak; r = 0.562), heart rate (HR) (%HRmax; r = 0.534), and thermal sensation (r = 0.311). Stepwise multiple regressions observed relative power and RPE as variables to improve the model (r = 0.791), with no improvement after inclusion of any anthropometric variable. Prescription of exercise under heat stress using power (W·kg−1 or %Powermax) has the strongest relationship with the rate of change in Trec with no additional requirement to correct for body composition within a normal range. Practitioners should therefore prescribe exercise intensity using relative power during isothermic HA training to increase Trec efficiently and maximize adaptation.
Activity Profile and Between-Match Variation in Elite Male Field Hockey
Authors: Sunderland Caroline D. , Edwards Phillip L.
Published: July 2016

Sunderland, CD and Edwards, PL. Activity profile and between-match variation in elite male field hockey. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 758–764, 2017—This study aimed to (a) provide a position-specific activity profile for elite male hockey players, (b) determine if the activity profile was altered by the introduction of the “self-pass” rule, and (c) provide information relating to match-to-match variability in elite male field hockey. The activity of 28 elite male field hockey players was analyzed over 2 seasons totaling 395 player-match analyses using Global Positioning Satellite technology. Total distance, high-speed running (>15.5 km·h−1), sprinting (>20 km·h−1), and mean speed were recorded. Players were categorized into 4 positions: fullback (FB), halfback (HB), midfield (M), and forward (F). Data were analyzed using a 2-way analysis of variance (season, position) and between-match coefficients of variation (CV). The time played differs with position (FB: 65.5 ± 5.3, HB: 49.5 ± 11.5, M: 45.9 ± 7.1, F: 39.5 ± 5.4 minutes; p < 0.0005) and thus affected the activity profile. Total distance covered was greater for fullbacks (FB: 8,001 ± 447, HB: 6,435 ± 1,399, M: 6,415 ± 908, F: 5,844 ± 762 m, p < 0.001), and mean speed and percentage time spent high-speed running and sprinting were greater for forwards than all other positions (HSR: FB: 6.8 ± 1.0, HB: 8.8 ± 1.3, M: 10.7 ± 1.2, F: 13.5 ± 1.8%, p < 0.001). The activity profile did not differ with the introduction of the self-pass. Match-to-match variability (CV) ranged from 5.0% to 22.0% for total and sprint distance, respectively. This is the first study to present an activity profile of elite men's field hockey and its associated variability and demonstrates that each position is unique, and therefore, training and recovery should be position specific.
Neuromuscular Activity and Muscular Oxygenation Through Different Movement Cadences During In-water and On-land Knee Extension Exercise
Authors: Chien Kuei-Yu , Kan Nai-Wen , Liao Yi-Hung , Lin Yea-Lih , Lin Chin-Li , Chen Wan-Chin
Published: July 2016

Chien, K-Y, Kan, N-W, Liao, Y-H, Lin, Y-L, Lin, C-L, and Chen, W-C. Neuromuscular activity and muscular oxygenation through different movement cadences during in-water and on-land knee extension exercise. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 750–757, 2017—The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of various knee extension exercise cadences on neuromuscular activation and hemodynamic properties of the quadriceps muscle in water and on land. Seventeen young women participated in this study, and the subjects were randomly allocated to perform loaded knee extension exercises in water and on land at 4 different cadences of 30, 50, 70, and 90 b·min−1. Heart rate (HR), blood flow (BF), total saturation index (TSI) of oxygen, electromyography (EMG) for the extent of muscular activity, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. Response values of HR, BF, TSI, and RPE at each cadence were obtained by subtracting the resting values from the indicator values measured at the respective cadences. We observed that BF, EMG, and RPE in water at 90 b·min−1 were comparable with those on land. The HR and TSI changes were higher in water compared with on land (p = 0.004 and p = 0.013, respectively). In conclusion, we demonstrate that the neuromuscular activity when performing knee extension exercises at 90 b·min−1 in water was comparable with that on land. However, exercising in water at the same cadence evoked higher TSI responses and greater cardiovascular challenges. A knee extension exercise at 90 b·min−1 is the recommended operating speed of rehabilitation in water.