bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendekatan Konstruktivistik Guru Seni dalam Mengajar untuk Menangani Peserta Didik Disleksia
Authors: Wulandari Aldia , Kusnadi Kusnadi
Published: January 2023

Disleksia banyak dialami oleh peserta didik pada tingkat sekolah dasar. Guru seni dapat mengambil peran untuk menangani permasalahan ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivistik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan langkah penanganan disleksia yang dilakukan oleh sekolah dan mendeskripsikan peran guru seni dalam membantu mengatasi disleksia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjeknya adalah seorang peserta didik disleksia kelas tiga SD dengan klasifikasi Mild specific learning disorder specify with impairment in reading and in written expression. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa (1) langkah yang dilakukan pihak sekolah dalam menangani disleksia membutuhkan kerjasama yang kuat antara wali kelas, semua guru, kepala sekolah, orang tua, psikolog, dokter anak, serta guru seni; (2) peran guru seni dalam permasalahan ini adalah sebagai fasilitator peserta didik disleksia dengan melakukan pendekatan konstruktivistik yang diimplikasikan lewat belajar baca tulis melalui (1) drama; (2) bergerak; (3) bernyanyi; (4) menggambar; dan (5) menggunakan gadget.
Child-Friendly Schools for PAUD: Telaah Filsafat Progresivisme John Dewey
Authors: Sovieti Sovieti , Copriady Jimmi , Isjoni Isjoni
Published: January 2023

Peraturan Mendiknas Nomor 70 Tahun 2009 mengenai pendidikan inklusi memiliki peranan penting dalam penyelenggaraan program sekolah ramah anak pada jenjang PAUD. Pelaksanaan program ini tidaklah semudah yang diinginkan karena tidak semua stakeholder memahami dan mau bekerjasama untuk mensukseskan program tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana prinsip-prinsip mendidik anak dalam pelaksanaan program sekolah ramah anak  yang di kritisi dari pemikiran  progresivisme John Dewey, anak merupakan individu yang andal serta seberapa besar peran guru dalam melaksanakan tugasnya sesuai standar program sekolah ramah anak. Dilihat pada hasil tinjauan pustaka yang dikaji maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsep pelaksanaan SRA berkaitan erat dengan filsafat Dewey yaitu pendidikan adalah proses di mana keterampilan intelektual dan emosional dasar anak dibentuk dimulai usia anak-anak yang akan digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya ketika berinteraksi dengan orang lain.
Validation of Digital Learning Media to Improve the Basic Literacy Skills of Low-Grade Elementary School Students
Authors: Devi Meila Yufriana , Rusdinal Rusdinal
Published: January 2023

This research was motivated by the low literacy ability of students caused by less interesting learning media. This study aims to create and know the validation of digital learning media to improve students' basic literacy skills in integrated thematic learning in low-grade elementary schools. research starts from the Preliminary Research stage, Prototyping Stage, Assessment Stage. The instruments used in this study were interviews and validation sheets for research samples were students, data collection techniques were carried out using questionnaires and interviews. Based on the problems found in elementary schools, learning media is designed using digital learning media. The following results were obtained after being validated by five validators: content feasibility, presentation feasibility, linguistic feasibility, and graphic feasibility each fall into the excellent category. If the validity value is averaged, then the digital learning media developed is in the range of very valid categories.
Adversity Quotient sebagai Perantara Pengaruh Persepsi dan Kecerdasan Mengelola Emosi terhadap Kekerasan Verbal pada Anak
Authors: Asmah Asmah , Sulaiman Sulaiman , Noorhapizah Noorhapizah
Published: January 2023

Perlindungan terhadap kekerasan sangat penting bagi perkembangan anak. Anak yang sering mendapatkan perlakuan kekerasan akan terhambat perkembangan fisik dan psikisnya.  Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pengaruh persepsi dan kecerdasan mengelola emosi terhadap kekerasan verbal melalui adversity quotient. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 117 orang tua di 6 sekolah, dipilih secara proposional random sampling dari populasi sebesar 166 orang tua di gugus 3 Kecamatan Daha Utara. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif korelatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrument, dianalisis secara deskriptif, regresi linier, dan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: terdapat pengaruh langsung yang signifikan persepsi terhadap kekerasan verbal, kecerdasan mengelola emosi terhadap kekerasan verbal, dan adversity quotient terhadap kekerasan verbal pada anak dengan korelasi negative; terdapat pengaruh langsung persepsi terhadap adversity quotient dan kecerdasan mengelola emosi terhadap adversity quotient dengan korelasi positif; terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung persepsi terhadap kekerasan verbal melalui adversity quotient dan kecerdasan mengelola emosi terhadap kekerasan verbal melalui adversity quotient.
Kurikulum Merdeka: Persepsi Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Jannah Mumayzizah Miftahul , Rasyid Harun
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persepsi guru PAUD tentang Kurikulum Merdeka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis studi kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis Miles Huberman. Jumlah populasi penelitian ini 43 guru PAUD dan sampel 5 Guru PAUD dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan angket dan wawancara. Penelitian ini menghasilkan dan menyimpulkan bahwa presepsi guru PAUD tentang pengertian Kurikulum Merdeka yaitu Kurikulum Merdeka mampu mengembangkan minat dan bakat anak yang bermanfaat untuk guru (memberi kebebasan dan memudahkan) dan siswa (beradaptasi dengan lingkungan sekitar) serta Kurikulum Merdeka memiliki perangkat ajar yang dapat mengurangi beban dan mewujudkan pembelajaran maksimal sehingga peran guru sebagai perancang modul dan fasilitator dalam memberikan pembelajaran berjalan secara maksimal. Presepsi guru PAUD dalam persiapan menuju Kurikulum Merdeka yaitu guru bersama lembaga harus dapat meningkatkan kopetensi pendidik.
El significado que le damos a la moda y las historias que constantemente nos contamos.
Authors: Cardona Játiva Estefanía María
Published: January 2023

¿Cuál es el papel de los medios de comunicación en la industria y cultura de moda en un país como Ecuador? Se debe partir por comprender el sistema de la moda y cómo ha sido difundido a través de sus propios lenguajes y simbolismos,  para comprender el impacto que ha generado en los códigos culturales locales. La comunicación ha jugado un rol especial al alimentar imaginarios, consumo y negocios que no han respetado los significados locales. De hecho, éstos nunca han tenido el protagonismo o visibilidad de aquellos que son “ajenos”, haciendo complejo el concepto de lo nacional y cómo definimos la moda local.  

Los formatos de la comunicación de moda se encuentran en un momento disruptivo que pone a prueba un sistema tradicional a la vez que hace cada vez más necesario ver a la moda más allá de las marcas, medios y personajes. No es negociable la necesidad de analizar los formatos de comunicación y sus contenidos en el impacto cultural del desarrollo de esta industria que ha tenido injerencia tanto en lo ambiental, económico y social en Ecuador.
ANTROPOLOGI ADALAH CABANG ILMU HUKUM
Authors: EFENDI TEDI KRIS
Published: January 2023

Antropologi secara etimologis berasal dari bahasa Yunani. Kata Anthropos berartimansia dan logos berarti ilmu pengetahuan. Jadi, antropologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari manusia. Oleh karena itu antropologi di dasarkan pada kemajuan yang telah dicapai ilmu pengetahuan sebelumnya. Pitirim Sorokim mengatakan bahwa Sosiologi adalah suatu ilmu yang mempelajari hubungan dan pengaruh timbal balik antara aneka macam gejala-gejala sosial (gejala ekonomi dengan agama, keluarga dengan moral, hukum dengan ekonomi) dengan gejala lainnya (nonsosial). Berbeda dengan pendapat Rouceke dan Warren yang mengatakan bahwa Sosiologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari hubungan manusia dengan kelompok-kelompok. Berdasarkan uraian di tersebut, maka Sosiologi adalah jelas merupakan ilmu sosial yang objeknya adalah masyarakat sebagai ilmu. Ia berdiri sendiri karena telah memiliki unsur ilmu pengetahuan. Dalam ilmu antropologi hukum dipelajari juga mengenai Peran, Status atau kedudukan, nilai, norma dan juga budaya atau kebudayaan. Kesemuanya ini merupakan hal-hal yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan ilmu antropologi hukum. Dalam antropologi hukum tidak dapat membatasi diri pada isi peraturan-peraturan hukum dan bentuk bentuk sanksinya, tapi yang perlu diketahui dengan jelas adalah proses pembentukan hukumnya. Antropologi hukum adalah ilmu yang mempelajari tentang manusia dan budayanya khusus dibidang hukum. Kebudayaan hukum yang dimaksud adalah kekuasaan yang digunakan oleh penguasa untuk mengatur masyarakat agar tidak melanggar kaidah-kaidah sosial yang telah ada didalam suatu masyarakat itu sendiri. Hukum dipahami sebagai milik sebuah masyarakat sebagai suatu keseluruhan. Konsekuensi logisnya, suatu masyarakat dianggap hanya memiliki satu sistem hukum saja yang mengendalikan perilaku semua anggotanya. Tanpa sedikit pun menyelidiki kontrol-kontrol sosial yang bekerja pada tingkat sub masyarakat, sub kelompok (misalnya perkumpulan, kelompok orang yang hidup serumah, dan kelompok kerabat) telah secara apriori dikecualikan dari kemungkinan mengatur perilaku anggotanya dengan sistem yang diterapkan oleh pemimpin kelompok dalam keputusan-keputusan khusus sistem yang berdasarkan ciri-ciri khas esensinya amat sangat menyerupai hukum pada masyarakat yang meliputi semua kalangan. Hukum diartikan pula sebagai jalinan nilai. Nilai tersebut merupakan konsepsi abstrak di dalam diri manusia mengenai apa yang dianggap baik serta apa yang dianggap buruk. Hukum diartikan sebagai nilai yang merupakan salah satu unsur pandangan manusia mengenai hal-hal yang seharusnya dianuti karena dianggap baik,dan hal-hal yang seharusnya dihindari karena dianggap buruk.
ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM SEBAGAI LANDASAN MANUSIA BERFIKIR SECARA DASAR
Authors: dewanti nursyira aprilia
Published: January 2023

Secara etimologis antropologi berasal dari Bahasa Yunani, yaitu “Anthropos” yang berarti manusia dan “Logos” berarti ilmu pengetahuan . Jadi Antropologi merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari manusia. Oleh karena itu antropologi didasarkan pada kemajuan yang telah dicapai ilmu pengetahuan sebelumnya. Antropologi hukum adalah ilmu yang mempelajari tentang manusia dan budayanya khusus dibidang hukum
Antropologi Hukum dan Sudut Pandang Ilmu Hukum
Authors: Triswandi Fajri
Published: January 2023

Antropologi hukum mempelajari manusia dan budayanya, khususnya di bidang hukum. Budaya hukum yang relevan adalah kekuasaan penguasa mengatur masyarakat sedemikian rupa sehingga tidak melanggar norma-norma sosial yang terbentuk dalam masyarakat. Dari perspektif antropologi hukum, hukum muncul dari kebudayaan. Antropologi hukum dari sudut pandang melihat berbagai corak hukum yang juga muncul dan berkembang dari corak dan genre budaya yang berbeda. Mempelajari antropologi hukum berarti kita melihat realitas, realitas kehidupan hukum, sebagaimana yang benar-benar terjadi di masyarakat.
ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM MASALAH MASALAH HUKUM
Authors: Julianti Iis
Published: January 2023

Dalam bukunya Nomoi, Plato menyatakan bahwa penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang baik ialah yang diatur oleh hukum. Kemudian dikembangkan oleh Aristoteles, yang menyatakan bahwa suatu Negara yang baik adalah Negara yang diperintah dengan konstitusi dan berkedaulatan hukum. Menurut Aristoteles, bahwa yang memerintah dalam Negara bukanlah manusia tetapi pikiran yang adil, dan kesusilaanlah yang menentukan baik-buruknya suatu hokum
ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM MASALAH MASALAH HUKUM
Authors: Julianti Iis
Published: January 2023

Dalam bukunya Nomoi, Plato menyatakan bahwa penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang baik ialah yang diatur oleh hukum. Kemudian dikembangkan oleh Aristoteles, yang menyatakan bahwa suatu Negara yang baik adalah Negara yang diperintah dengan konstitusi dan berkedaulatan hukum. Menurut Aristoteles, bahwa yang memerintah dalam Negara bukanlah manusia tetapi pikiran yang adil, dan kesusilaanlah yang menentukan baik-buruknya suatu hokumBerdasarkan hal tersebut, maka esensi dari Negara hukum menurut Sjahran Basah[3] adalah, kekuasaan tertinggi didalam suatu negara terletak pada hukum atau tiada kekuasaan lain apapun, terkecuali kekuasaan hukum semata yang dalam hal ini bersumber pada pancasila selaku sumber dari segala sumber hukum.
Antropologi Hukum sebagai Ilmu Pengetahuan Yang Dinamis
Authors: RYSKAWYDYA FYDELLA
Published: January 2023

Antropologi adalah salah satu cabang ilmu pengetahuan sosial yang mempelajari tentang budaya masyarakat suatu etnis tertentu. Antropologi lahir atau muncul berawal dari ketertarikan orang-orang Eropa yang melihat ciri-ciri fisik, adat istiadat, budaya yang berbeda dari apa yang dikenal di Eropa. Terbentuklah ilmu antropologi dengan melalui beberapa fase. masyarakat tunggal, tunggal dalam arti kesatuan masyarakat yang tinggal daerah yang sama, antropologi mirip seperti sosiologi tetapi pada sosiologi lebih menitik beratkan pada masyarakat dan kehidupan sosialnya.
Antropologi Hukum Sebagai Ilmu Pengetahuan Yang Dinamis
Authors: RYSKAWYDYA FYDELLA
Published: January 2023

Antropologi adalah salah satu cabang ilmu pengetahuan sosial yang mempelajari tentang budaya masyarakat suatu etnis tertentu. Antropologi lahir atau muncul berawal dari ketertarikan orang-orang Eropa yang melihat ciri-ciri fisik, adat istiadat, budaya yang berbeda dari apa yang dikenal di Eropa. Terbentuklah ilmu antropologi dengan melalui beberapa fase. masyarakat tunggal, tunggal dalam arti kesatuan masyarakat yang tinggal daerah yang sama, antropologi mirip seperti sosiologi tetapi pada sosiologi lebih menitik beratkan pada masyarakat dan kehidupan sosialnya.
Masalah Antropologi Hukum
Authors: Yusda Luthfia Aqila
Published: January 2023

Antropologi hukum adalah kajian antropologis terhadap makna sosial dari dan pentingnya hukum dengan menelaah bagaimana hukum dibuat termasuk bagaimana konteks sosial pembuatan hukum tersebut, bagaimana hukum mempertahankan dan mengubah institusi sosial lainnya, dan bagaimana hukum membangun perilaku sosial. Namun seiring perkembangan zaman dan tatanan politik dunia pasca-Perang Dingin, cakupan kajian antropologi hukum meluas di antaranya membahas keterkaitan antara konflik sosial dengan kesenjangan ekonomi dan batasan-batasan hukum dalam melakukan rekayasa sosial.
AVİM On The Road To The Fifteenth Anniversary Of Its Founding
Authors: Tulun Teoman Ertuğrul
Published: January 2023

The Center for Eurasian Studies (AVİM), a non-profit think tank based in Ankara, has celebrated its 14th anniversary on 2 January 2023. While the effectiveness of Türkiye's think tanks began to increase, the world community went through severe crises. AViM has sought to illustrate the negative impacts of a Eurocentric approach to regional politics that claims to uphold universal values, but is in truth a power projection tool for Western European (and also North American) countries. It continues to operate with limited domestic contributions and modest budget, and receives no contributions from international private funds or foreign foundations.
Healthy Schools in Saudi Arabia: a Narrative Review
Authors: Alzahrani Saeed G
Published: January 2023

The Healthy School (or Health-Promoting School as a term used by WHO and other countries) is a whole-school approach to promoting health in a school setting. Healthy Schools and Health-Promoting Schools frameworks extend around the globe are important strategies that provide opportunities to improve the health of children and adolescents and to tackle health inequalities in the population. Two decades since the Healthy Schools framework was advocated in Saudi Arabia. This paper sets out to review relevant literature and reports related to Healthy Schools in Saudi Arabia. Very few studies have been conducted to assess the Health Schools framework. The findings showed that there is a gap between the ideal concepts of the Healthy Schools framework and current implementation. Promoting healthy diet and physical activity as a starting point for wider implementation. Providing financial resources and ongoing capacity-building opportunities for the teachers and associated school staff. Collaboration between the health and education sectors is required to provide a prolonged framework for monitoring and evaluating the healthy schools outcomes.
Proposal karya ilmiah sri katelia putri
Authors: putri Sri katelia
Published: January 2023

Manajemen proses di dalam lembaga pendidikan
HUKUM MENGAJARKAN KEADILAN BERMARTABAT
Authors: JAYA PRANA
Published: January 2023

Keadilan merupakan suatu aturan hukum yang berlaku di negara Indonesia. Sebagai salah satu aturan maka keadilan harus dilaksanakan dan ditegakkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Keadilan berjalan beriringan untuk mengantarkan bangsa Indonesia menuju kedamaian, keamanan, dan ketenangan.
PERBEDAAN ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM DENGAN SEJARAH HUKUM
Authors: ramandha dhea aprillya
Published: January 2023

Antropologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari manusia. Oleh karena itu antropologi didasarkan pada kemajuan yang telah dicapai ilmu pengetahuan sebelumnya. Pengertian Antropologi dapat dilihat dari 2 sisi yaitu Antropologi sebagai ilmu pengetahuan artinya bahwa Antropologi merupakan kumpulan pengetahuan-pengetahuan tentang kajian masyarakat dan kebudayaan yang disusun secara sistematis atas dasar pemikiran yang logis. Dan pengertian Antropologi yang kedua adalah cara-cara berpikir untuk mengungkapkan realitas sosial dan budaya yang ada dalam masyarakat dengan prosedur dan teori yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan kebenarannya secara ilmiah.
Variations in time to breast cancer treatment initiation and survival across ethnoracial groups: a DAG-based protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: M. Hesari Parisa , Lizotte Daniel J. , Bauer Greta
Published: January 2023

Background: Racial disparities in access to care are a known driver of differential health outcomes. There is a need to synthesize knowledge on the impact and mechanisms of ethnoracial variations in initiation of breast cancer treatment. The aim of the study described in this protocol is to systematically review the existing evidence on ethnoracial disparities in initiation of breast cancer treatments and their impact on patients’ survival in the United States.Methods: A comprehensive systematic search of databases including PubMed, Ovid, Web of science, and the Cochran library will be performed. An extra search filtered on the title will be carried out on Google Scholar. Two main keywords, ‘breast cancer’ and ‘time to treatment,’ will be used in search strings. The review process will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and the Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines and will include studies of cohorts of female breast cancer patients who were diagnosed with stage I-III in the US. The Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies – of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool will be applied for bias assessment, and only studies with low or moderate risk of bias will be included. A modified checklist for applying the Evidence synthesis for constructing directed acyclic graphs (ESC-DAGs) method is developed to describe the causal relationships between ethnoracial group membership, other study variables, delays to treatment, and survival. Discussion: This systematic review will summarize the impact of racial disparity on breast cancer survival considering delays in receiving treatments as a mediator. Future directions will be identified to address existing gaps potentially relevant to creating equity for racial and ethnic minority groups. The results can help health authorities to develop approaches for addressing racial disparities in access to breast cancer treatment at the population level.
The early English reception of the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus. A conversation with Luisa Simonutti
Authors: van Binsbergen Thomas
Published: January 2023

The early reception of Spinoza’s Tractatus Theologico-Politicus has rarely been studied as an instance of political philosophy. This conversation with Luisa Simonutti (ISPF-CNR Milano) explores the early English reception: from the politics of philology to the contrast between Cambridge Platonists and Charles Blount to the Royal Society and tolerance.
Associations between Reward and Future-related Orientations and General and Specific Mental Health Issues in Adolescence
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhu Xinxin , Auyeung Bonnie , Obsuth Ingrid , Murray Aja Louise
Published: January 2023

Background: Adolescence is characterised by a peak in sensation seeking accompanied by gradually developing self-control skills. Adolescents typically show steeper delay discounting performance than other age groups; a feature that is transdiagnostically related to a variety of mental health disorders. However, delay discounting performance is not a singular mental process but involves the competition between reward seeking and future orientation, which are usually operationalised as probability and time discounting tasks, respectively. Methods: To clarify the specific relations between the reward seeking and future orientation components of delay discounting and different types of mental health problems, two bi-factor models and a series of structural equation models (SEMs) were fitted to multi-informant (parent and adolescent self-report) mental health data from a large longitudinal study. Results: Results suggested support for: 1) a general mental health p-factor and a transdiagnostic relation of time discounting to this factor based on parent reports; 2) time discounting (future orientation/time-waiting) as a protective factor for conduct and ADHD problems, but a risk factor for emotional problems; and 3) risk discounting preference (impulsive sensation seeking/risk-taking) as a protective factor for emotional and peer problems. Conclusions: The findings highlight that time and risk aspects of delay discounting play partly distinct roles in different mental health problems and illuminate which aspects of delay discounting should be targeted for different mental health concerns.
Fulfilling the Promise of Applied Developmental Science: Is it Time to Reconsider our Approach?
Authors: Holochwost Steven J. , Mills-Koonce Roger , Brown Eleanor D.
Published: January 2023

The promise of applied developmental science is that we can use scientific methods to promote positive human development and improve the lives of children and families. However, the present political environment in the United States makes the creation of research-informed federal policy difficult, even when the evidence base supporting that policy is unequivocal. In this essay we hope to begin a conversation about how we, as applied developmental scientists, may modify our approach. To begin this conversation, we discuss the potential for establishing long-term partnerships with smaller entities, including state and municipal governments and non-governmental organizations to narrow the gap between what we know about children and families and the policies and programs that impact them. This “bottom-up” approach has a long lineage in applied developmental science, and is currently enjoying a renaissance through the burgeoning interest in researcher-practitioner partnerships. Whether implicitly or explicitly, these partnerships often incorporate a systems perspective on children’s development; here we review embracing a systems perspective may increase the likelihood of crafting policies and programs that can improve the lives of children and families.
Decoding decision processes to improve metacognition about actions
Authors: Havlíček Ondřej , Brass Marcel , Cleeremans Axel , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: January 2023

People have been famously found to exhibit relatively poor access to higher-order cognitive processes, such as the determinants of own actions, demonstrated e.g. by choice blindness, where people confabulate reasons leading to their choices. It has been hypothesized, but not directly tested, that such metacognitive errors are partially caused by a lack of adequate feedback about the cognitive processes. In the present study, participants were often mistaken about whether their action was automatic or based on intentional deliberation. Uniquely, we were able to probabilistically determine this fact on a trial-by-trial basis and provide feedback to participants. Participants undergoing such feedback-based training improved their metacognitive sensitivity significantly more than control participants. We discuss possible interpretations of this improvement. Moreover, participants generally exhibited rather good meta-metacognition: awareness of their metacognitive sensitivity. We were able to quantify metacognitive sensitivity by comparing the reported and decoded cognitive processes leading to actions within the framework of “type 1” fuzzy signal detection theory. Although the results do not unequivocally support the hypothesis we set out to explore, its unique methodology can pave the way for further research: We extend the study of metacognition beyond the domains of perception and memory to the domain of action and beyond using the performance-confidence relation as a measure of metacognition.
Humans combine value learning and hypothesis testing strategically in multi-dimensional probabilistic reward learning
Authors: Song Mingyu , Baah Persis A. , Cai Ming Bo , Niv Yael
Published: January 2023

Realistic and complex decision tasks often allow for many possible solutions. How do we find the correct one? Introspection suggests a process of trying out solutions one after the other until success. However, such methodical serial testing may be too slow, especially in environments with noisy feedback. Alternatively, the underlying learning process may involve implicit reinforcement learning that learns about many possibilities in parallel. Here we designed a multi-dimensional probabilistic active-learning task tailored to study how people learn to solve such complex problems. Participants configured three- dimensional stimuli by selecting features for each dimension and received probabilistic reward feedback. We manipulated task complexity by changing how many feature dimensions were relevant to maximiz- ing reward, as well as whether this information was provided to the participants. To investigate how participants learn the task, we examined models of serial hypothesis testing, feature-based reinforcement learning, and combinations of the two strategies. Model comparison revealed evidence for hypothesis testing that relies on reinforcement-learning when selecting what hypothesis to test. The extent to which participants engaged in hypothesis testing depended on the instructed task complexity: people tended to serially test hypotheses when instructed that there were fewer relevant dimensions, and relied more on gradual and parallel learning of feature values when the task was more complex. This demonstrates a strategic use of task information to balance the costs and benefits of the two methods of learning.
Association Between Acne Vulgaris and Body Mass Index - A Cross Sectional Study in Tertiary Hospital of Western Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Pratistha , Gurung Sabhyata , Shrestha Meera , Yadav Rajeev
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION Acne vulgaris is a chronic inﬂammatory disease of pilosebaceous duct mainly affecting adolescents. There is conﬂicting data regarding association between acne and body mass index (BMI). The main objective was to ﬁnd the association between different grades of acne and BMI.
MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional observational study involving 251 patients with acne vulgaris. Severity of acne vulgaris was assessed using simple grading system and WHO reference was used for classiﬁcation of body mass index (BMI). Data was analyzed using SPSS, version 20. p value of less than 0.05 was considered statically signiﬁcant.
RESULTS The study included 149 females (59.4%) and 102 males (40.6%). Acne vulgaris is recorded in 47.8% in age group12-20 years, followed by 44.6% in age group 21-30 years and 7.6% in age group 31-40 years. Grade 2 acne vulgaris was the most common (47%), followed by grade 3 (24.7%), grade1 (16.7%), and grade 4 (11.6%). About 49.4% of acne vulgaris patient had normal BMI, 19.5% had obesity. There was no signiﬁcant association between different grades of acne vulgaris and BMI (p=0.07).
CONCLUSION There was no signficant association beween severetiy of acne and BMI.
Profile of Closed Globe Injury in a Secondary Eye Hospital
Authors: Godar Manita Sunam , Patel Sushila , Gamal Nita Sunam , Manandhar Laxmi Devi
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION Closed globe injury of the eye is the type of injury in which the eyewall (sclera and cornea) is intact or only partial thickness wound is present. Studies focused only on closed globe injury of eye are limited. So the aim of the study was to analyse the demographic pattern, modes of trauma, place of trauma, agent of trauma and impact of trauma in different ocular structures and in vision.
MATERIAL AND METHODS It was a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Details of 167 patients with closed globe injury attending Dr.Binod Neeta Kandel Eye Hospital, Nawalparasi from Aug 2017 to July 2018 were reviewed. Demographic proﬁle, detailed history and examination ﬁndings were analysed.
RESULTS Closed globe injury was more common in males (61.7%) than females (38.3%). The mean age was 30.76 ± 16.58 yrs, youngest being 3 years old whereas oldest 90 years old. Left eye was more involved. Domestic accident (38.92%) was the commonest. Conjunctival laceration (21.55%) and traumatic uveitis (21.55%) were the commonest sequelae of closed globe injury. Good vision (Visual acuity (VA) 6/6 -6/18) was seen in 79.64% cases whereas 7.78% cases were blind (VA less than 3/60).
CONCLUSION Closed globe injury can occur from different modes of trauma. Anterior segment of eye was more involved than the posterior segment. Even a trivial ocular trauma can have a sight threatening impact.
Psychosocial Influence of Malocclusion Among Nepalese Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment: A Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Raju , Halwai Hemant Kumar , Yadav Sumit Kumar , Gupta Sandeep Kumar
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION Traditionally, orthodontic treatment focuses on normative criteria, though psychosocial dimension has equal importance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion among patient seeking orthodontic treatment using psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ).
MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, UCMS during the period of July 2021 to Dec 2021. The study was approved by Institutional Review Committee of UCMS (IRC/081/21). Sixty patients seeking orthodontic treatment of age group 18-30 years answered questions concerning self perceived psychosocial impacts of malocclusion using Nepali version of PIDAQ, desire of orthodontic treatment based on scale ranging from 0 to 4. Clinical examination was performed to assess the severity of malocclusion based on the basis of Dental Health Component of Index of Orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC).
RESULTS Results showed no signiﬁcant differences in total PIDAQ scores and its subscale (p>0.05) among genders. There was signiﬁ- cant difference in total PIDAQ scores and its subscale (p<0.05) among patients with different desire of orthodontic treatment. Patient with very strong desire have the highest scores of total PIDAQ (42.27±11.40).Signiﬁcant difference in total PIDAQ score and its subscale (p<0.05) was seen among patients with difference grades of IOTN-DHC.
CONCLUSION Equal self-perceived impacts of malocclusion were seen in both male and female. There was greater desire of Orthodontic treatment in patients with increased self-perceived psychosocial impact of malocclusion. Signiﬁcant increase in PIDAQ score was also seen with increasing severity of malocclusion.
Variation of the Bifurcation of Brachial Artery: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Sah Ram Prakash , Sharma Nitasha , Kar Sanjit Kumar , Yadav Pranav Kumar
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION Knowledge of variation in origin, course and bifurcation of brachial artery is signiﬁcant for the vascular surgeons or radiologist for accurate diagnostic interpretation as well as while performing traumatic vascular repair, bypass procedures and constructive plastic surgeries. Therefore, the anatomical knowledge of the higher bifurcation of brachial artery is substantial for all cases of traumatic amputations and revascularization techniques. The present study aims to ﬁnd out prevalence of variation of bifurca- tion of brachial artery in cadavers in the Department of Anatomy.
MATERIAL AND METHODS An institutional based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 15 formalin ﬁxed embalmed adult human cadavers in the Department of Anatomy (Dissection Hall) at Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal. The study duration was from July 2021 to 15th October 2021. The ﬁner dissection was made, the brachial artery was exposed, the level of variation was noted as well as length of brachial artery was measured then it was photographed by using digital camera.
RESULTS In ﬁfteen cadavers (right upper limb 15 and left upper limb 15), the site of termination was at the level of neck of radius 86.6% while, higher termination of brachial artery was observed in 2 upper extremities (6.7%) and, distal level of termination 2 (6.7%).
CONCLUSION Knowing anatomical variations of arteries are of mandatory requirement for planning invasive and surgical treatment since lack of knowledge can cause serious vascular lesions. However, the prevalence of variation of bifurcation of brachial artery in our study is less than other similar studies. Hence, it may cause difﬁculty in clinical and surgical procedures.
Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Shah Santosh , Kasarla Rajeshwar Reddy , Yadav Nikita Singh , Shrestha Anjita , Gautam Sadhana , Chaudhary Sushil Kumar
Published: January 2023

Since the discovery of penicillin, antibiotics have been a cornerstone in modern medicine and signiﬁcantly improved global health. And while decades of overuse, misuse and abuse of antibiotics in hospitals, and in general population, at an ever increasing rate, both when they are needed and when they are not, in human beings and animals have accelerated the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in veterinary practice, and in animal feeds led to emergence of drug resistant strains, that are transferred to humans. This emergence of drug resistance is a major problem worldwide in antibiotic therapy. Infections caused by resistant microorganisms often fail to respond to the standard treatment, resulting in prolonged illness, longer hospital stays, higher healthcare expenditures, and greater risk of death. This article reviews and focuses on various aspects of development and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and preventive measures to ﬁght the emerg- ing antibiotic resistance threat.
Spontaneous Pneumothorax Associated with Covid-19 Infection: A Case Series
Authors: Kandel Sanjog , Karki Manoj , Rayamajhi Bidhata , Chaudhary Shatdal , Jaiswal Niraj Kumar , Gautam Narayan
Published: January 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) virus, which mostly affects the respiratory system. As a result of the inﬂammatory response, mortality and morbidity are linked to fast clinical deterioration. Pneumothorax is a rare complication in COVID-19 patients that might exacer- bate the patient's hypoxia and necessitate rapid treatment.

It is critical to evaluate alternate diagnosis and repeat imaging in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 who have seen an abrupt worsening. We present a case series of four individuals who had spontaneous pneumothorax despite having no other risk factors for pneumothorax other than recent COVID-19 infection.
Immediate Implant Placement in Aesthetic Zone: Crafting Smile with an Innovative Approach
Authors: Bista Soni , Baniya Bikash Kumar
Published: January 2023

Immediate implant placement is most commonly indicated when tooth extraction is performed owing to pathologies such as unrestorable caries or fractures. The primary advantage of this treatment modality is the diminution of healing time and reduced alveolar process resorption. Regenerative materials can be used as an adjunct with implants in order to triumph high implant survival rate and enrich good esthetic outcome. This case report illustrates treatment protocol and one-year clinical follow-up of a patient who underwent atraumatic extraction of his fractured mandibular central incisor, followed by immediate implant placement with bone grafts.
Survey Department in the Forum of International Activities: A Brief Overview
Authors: Sharma Rabin Kaji
Published: January 2023

The scope of work of the Survey Department, Nepal is also related to Agenda 21 of Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit. In order to support this Agenda, the Department has joined the number of International Organizations as a member and participated in the forum of the activities organized by these organizations. Besides, the department has participated in the activities organized by some of the other institutions in which it is not a member. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide some views on the membership details and related activities of those organizations with which Survey Department, Nepal is actively involved. The role of the department in the forum has also been discussed.
A Connection of Optimum Logistic and Energy Consumption in Hiking
Authors: Waluyo Sugeng , Setyaningrum Dewi Tria , Prakoso Indro , Adhiana Tigar Putri , Imran Rani Aulia
Published: January 2023

In this work, we aim to provide a connection between energy consumption during hiking and its relation to optimum logistic preparations in mountaineering-based tourism. Such energy consumption is calculated based on data from hiking track profiles and heart rate of persons taking the track. It is then used as input to solve optimization problems in term of the logistic preparations. Here, we demonstrate such connection based on the actual condition of hiking track in the Mount of Sindoro, Central Java, Indonesia.
Acknowledgment of Adat Law-Based Tenure in the Courtroom: Study of Decisions on Criminal Acts of Land Clearing by Burning, Logging Trees Without Permits, and Collecting Plantation Products Without Permits
Authors: Sari Almonika Cindy Fatika
Published: January 2023

Abstract: The recognition of the existence of adat communities and their rights can not only be found in the constitution but also various regional laws and regulations. However, this recognition is counterproductive because it further distances adat communities from their rights, especially tenure rights based on adat law. The diverse and minimal understanding of adat law by executives and law enforcement officials compound this condition. Sometimes, adat communities must face the law because they are suspected of committing criminal acts violating it. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the recognition of adat communities’ tenure rights in the courtroom. This research is normative legal research using a case approach—four court decisions as the primary data. The results of this study indicated that in deciding cases, there are times when judges recognize how adat communities control and utilize natural resources according to their adat law. However, there are times when judges override the narrative of adat law that adat communities claim. This research also showed that adat law narratives can play a role in freeing adat communities from punishment.
Keywords: Adat law, adat communities, criminal crime, tenure rights
Spring-Time Ritual Folk Songs from Zvenyhorodshchyna: Ethnography, Typology, Geography
Authors: Pshenichkina Halyna
Published: January 2023

Spring-time ritual folk songs are currently a relict phenomenon in the local tradition of the historical Zvenyhorodka region (which covers the current Zvenyhorodka and parts of the neighbouring regions of the Right Bank of Cherkasy region) studies, so each recorded unit (song, text, description of a ritual or even a mention of their former life) is perceived by the researcher as an very important finding.

In the Eastern Podillia region of Cherkasy region (on the lands of the historical Uman region) until recently, you could hear stories about the rituals and songs of the spring-time cycle. On the other hand, spring-time melotypes are almost completely absent in the Naddnipryanshchyna villages (except for Nadtyasmynnia area). In this way, Zvenyhorodshchyna appears as the frontier of the actual ritual folk songs certain layer existence and at the same time – a transition zone between two large ethnographic regions, which absorbed the musical and stylistic features of both of them.

In the most complete collection of calendar and family rituals of the Right Bank of Cherkasy region, the beginning of the 20th century – monograph "Zvenyhorodshchyna" by A. Krymskyi, in addition to a detailed description of customs, rites and comments on them, contains more than 40 texts of spring dances, games and songs, as well as fasting verbal verses – "khrystuvannia", performed during the round of courtyards by children and young people on Easter. A certain number of samples of spring-time ritual genres are also found in music and ethnographic publications of different years and in the author's contemporary recordings.

The largest part of the local spring repertoire is made up of round dance and dance songs: "Shum", "Kryvyi Tanec", "Mak", "Zaichyk", "Proso", "Podolyanochka", "Verbovaya Kladochka", "Tuman", etc. Spring dances begin to be led and sung from Easter or even during Lent.

Among the genres of spring-time ritual singing, there are unique examples of early spring appeals, a group of lyrical ("velychalni" according to Y. Yefremov) ("Oh vesna, vesna, vesnyanochka", "Oi u pravuyu seredu", etc.) and timed ones to the spring season songs.

The collected and analyzed musical and ethnographic data formed the basis of typological maps that allow us to draw conclusions about the geographical distribution of certain spring melotypes in the Zvenyhorodshchyna region.
Transhumanizam kao proizvod čovjekove kreativnosti ili dekonstrukcija čovjeka kao Božjega stvorenja
Authors: Šehić Damir
Published: January 2023

Rad je koncipiran u tri tematske cjeline u kojima kršćanskoj antropologiji u ravan stavlja transhumanističke antropološke postavke te ih uspoređujući vrjednuje. Ideja izlaska iz ograničenoga tijela, nadilaženja naravi i besmrtnoga života osobiti je zamah dobila znanstveno–tehnološkim napretkom, koji vođen transhumanističkom antropologijom pokušava isto. Postmodernistička filozofija, dovodeći modernistički subjektivizam do ekstrema, zašla je u etički nihilizam. Na ostatcima ideala humanizma nastaje ideja transhumanizma, koji se, kroz prijelaznu fazu posthumanizma, sunovraća u antihumanizam te čovjeka kao Božje stvorenje dekonstruira.
Društvene mreže i društvena odgovornost
Authors: Haramija Predrag , Njavro Mato
Published: January 2023

Rad u svjetlu Carrollova modela korporativne društvene odgovornosti istražuje poslovanje tvrtke Facebook/Meta. Prema četiri kategorije toga modela (ekonomska, etička, pravna i filantropska odgovornost) analizirane su informacije o poslovanju tvrtke te je utvrđena nedostatnost u trima od njih. Facebook/Meta zadovoljava samo po parametrima ekonomske odgovornosti jer uspješno posluje ostvarujući znatnu dobit. U pravnoj odgovornosti ta tvrtka ne zadovoljava jer izbjegava plaćanje poreza i predmet je brojnih sudskih tužbi. U etičkoj odgovornosti isto tako jer se Facebook ne pridržava ni načela koja deklarira te u javnosti prevladava stajalište da je ta tvrtka beskrupulozna i neodgovorna. U filantropskoj odgovornosti zaostaje za tvrtkama srodnih djelatnosti jer su u odnosu na ukupnu imovinu iznosi koje daje u dobrotvorne svrhe znatno manji od drugih, a i znatan dio darovanoga više se može smatrati investicijom nego donacijom.
Službeni nauk Crkve i Međunarodna teološka komisija
Authors: Mateljan Ante , Petrov Emanuel
Published: January 2023

Autori donose u prvom dijelu temeljne postavke i poslanje službenoga i teološkoga nauka Crkve, koji je utemeljen na stvarnosti jedne i nepromjenljive objave i istine Duha Svetoga. Dokumenti učiteljstva i teološki nauk uvijek su svjedočanstvo vjere i poticaj vjerskomu životu, kao i svojevrsni odgovor na nove okolnosti i pitanja koja se pojavljuju. U drugom dijelu rada izneseni su podatci o osnutku i načinu djelovanja Međunarodne teološke komisije, nabrojeni su dokumenti i njihova važnost, otvorena pitanja i poticaji koji proizlaze iz djelovanja i dokumenata. U završnom dijelu pojašnjena je važnost crkvenoga nauka, kao i suodnos s teologijom.
The Influence of the Bible on Albanian Literature
Authors: Çitaku Muhamed
Published: January 2023

Just as the Bible has had a great influence on world literature, so too has it influenced Albanian literature. The impact of this book is evident in all literary periods throughout the history of Albanian literature. Albanian authors have taken stories, characters, motifs, and themes from the Bible and have conveyed these in a variety of artistic forms. Through biblical symbols Albanian authors have expressed ideas about themselves, society, culture, and politics and have demonstrated that these symbols have different meanings in Albanian literature. They have achieved this by giving biblical stories a unique structure, modifying them partially by adding new characters and events, etc. Therefore, as a result, biblical stories and characters in Albanian literature have a new distinctive quality as compared to those in the Bible. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the influence that the Bible has had on principal Albanian authors, as well as the peculiarities that biblical events and characters acquire in Albanian literature. The authors have used quantitative and hermeneutic analysis to help identify biblical elements in Albanian literature.
Nikola Vitkov Gučetić i njegov kulturni krug
Authors: Skuhala Karasman Ivana
Published: January 2023

U ovom članku bavim se kulturnim krugom oko dubrovačkoga filozofa i polihistora iz 16. stoljeća Nikole Vitkova Gučetića. U svojim objavljenim djelima, koja je većim dijelom napisao u svojem ljetnikovcu u Trstenom, on u dijalog uvodi znamenite Dubrovčane: Marušu Gundulić, Cvijetu Zuzorić, Mihu Monaldija i Dinka Ranjinu. Osim njih, koje se izravnije može povezati s Gučetićem i Trstenom, tomu bi krugu vjerojatno pripadali i ovi Dubrovčani: Nika Zuzorić, Sabo Bobaljević Mišetić, Stjepan Nikola Bunić, Nikola Lujo Gučetić i Antun Medo. Njih je Gučetić s velikom vjerojatnošću poznavao, pa su u određenoj mjeri mogli utjecati na njegovo filozofsko stvaranje.
The Death Euphemisms in Kazakh language and their sociocultural interpretation
Authors: Kiikshi K.A. , Suleimenova E.D.
Published: January 2023

Talking about death has been a taboo subject in many societies and cultures, including the Kazakh culture. One of the most common ways to talk about death is through the use of euphemisms. The research aims to determine the most common euphemisms that Kazakh people use to describe death, and explore how their meanings reflect common socio-cultural beliefs about the notion of death. The descriptive survey model and the summative content analysis method are used to collect and analyse data. The connotations of the euphemisms are explored, and the Kazakh people’s cultural beliefs were interpreted and discussed in the context of the “death” euphemisms. As a result of the research, it is shown that the euphemisms that convey “death” used by Kazakh people correlate with their socio-cultural beliefs, often based on religion.