bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EKSISTENSI HARTA DALAM ISLAM (SUATU KAJIAN ANALISIS TEORITIS)
Authors: Rizal Rizal
Published: August 2016

 

THE EXISTENCE OF PROPERTY IN ISLAM (A Study of  Theoretical Analysis). Humans have a natural tendency trying to take control and own property as much as possible. In a hadith of the Prophet, explained that the man was not satisfied with his wealth despite a valley-shaped gold so that he died. In fact, al-Quran and al- Sunnah forcefully argued that the property should not move from one person to another, but in a way that justified by syarak namely through trades or transactions based on consensual. The use of property in Islam should always be in the service of God and utilized in order taqarrub (closer) to Allah. Utilization of personal property must not only for the owner’s personal possessions, but also used for social functions in order to help fellow human beings. Islam has given special attention to the property in terms of both how to obtain and use that property owned it has a value of worship with Allah in order to achieve a happier life in the hereafter. A Muslim is commanded to make a living and generate wealth by striving mightily. Islam has given special attention to the property in terms of  both ways. How actually the concept of  property in Islam, then the following study will explain it.

keywords: Hidden Existence, Ownership, Happiness.

Manusia memiliki fitrah berupaya untuk menguasai dan memiliki harta sebanyak mungkin. Dalam sebuah hadith Rasulullah saw., dijelaskan bahwa manusia itu tidak akan puas dengan hartanya walaupun berbentuk satu lembah emas sehingga dia mati. Malahan al-Quran dan al-Sunnah dengan tegas menjelaskan bahwa harta tidak boleh berpindah milik dari seorang kepada orang yang lain melainkan dengan cara yang dibenarkan oleh syarak yaitu melalu perdagangan atau transaksi yang didasari atas suka sama suka. Penggunaan harta dalam ajaran Islam harus senantiasa dalam pengabdian kepada Allah dan dimanfaatkan dalam rangka taqarrub (mendekatkan diri) kepada Allah. Pemanfaatan harta pribadi tidak boleh hanya untuk pribadi pemilik harta, melainkan juga digunakan untuk fungsi sosial dalam rangka membantu sesama manusia. Islam telah memberikan perhatian khusus terhadap harta baik dari segi cara mendapatkannya maupun penggunaannya sehingga harta yang dimiliki itu mempunyai nilai ibadah di sisi Allah dalam rangka pencapaian kehidupan yang lebih bahagia di akhirat. Seorang Muslim diperintahkan untuk mencari nafkah dan menghasilkan harta dengan berjuang sekuat tenaga. Islam telah memberikan perhatian khusus terhadap harta baik dari segi cara Bagaimanakah sebetulnya konsep harta dalam Islam, maka kajian berikut akan menjelaskannya.

kata kunci: Eksistensi Harta, Kepemilikan, kebahagiaan.
Antibacterial and antiviral effectiveness of two household water treatment devices that use monobrominated hydantoinylated polystyrene
Authors: Enger Kyle S. , Leak Emaly S. , Aw Tiong Gim , Coulliette Angela D. , Rose Joan B.
Published: August 2016

Many different household water treatment (HWT) methods have been researched and promoted to mitigate the serious burden of diarrheal disease in developing countries. However, HWT methods using bromine have not been extensively evaluated. Two gravity-fed HWT devices (AquaSure™ and Waterbird™) were used to test the antimicrobial effectiveness of HaloPure® Br beads (monobrominated hydantoinylated polystyrene) that deliver bromine. As water flows over the beads, reactive bromine species are eluted, which inactivate microorganisms. To assess log10 reduction values (LRVs) for Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, bacteriophage MS2, human adenovirus 2 (HAdV2), and murine norovirus (MN), these organisms were added to potable water and sewage-contaminated water. These organisms were quantified before and after water treatment by the HWT devices. On average, 6 LRVs against Vibrio were attained, as well as 5 LRVs against Salmonella, 4 LRVs against MS2, 5 LRVs against HAdV2, and 3 LRVs against MN. Disinfection was similar regardless of whether sewage was present. Polymer beads delivering bromine to drinking water are a potentially effective and useful component of HWT methods in developing countries.
Optimization of a microwave-assisted extraction procedure for the determination of selected alkyl, aryl, and halogenated phenols in sewage sludge and biosolids
Authors: Lee Hing-Biu , Lewina Svoboda M. , Peart Thomas E. , Smyth Shirley Anne
Published: August 2016

A microwave-assisted extraction method for the determination of 15 alkyl, aryl, and halogenated phenols in sewage sludge and biosolids samples was developed and optimized. The effects of solvent, temperature, time, moisture content, acid, and number of extractions on the recovery of phenols were evaluated. Results indicated that extraction solvent had the greatest impact on the recovery of all phenols while pH had the largest effect on recovery of hexachlorophene and pentachlorophenol. Wet sludge samples were extracted with acetone-hexane mixture in the presence of glacial acetic acid. The extract was evaporated, acetylated by acetic anhydride and cleaned up by silica gel. For dry sludge samples, an optional procedure for the simultaneous extraction and acetylation of phenols was also proposed. Triclosan (TCS) and the alkyl and aryl phenols in sludge extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in electron-impact mode while polyhalogenated phenols were analyzed by GC-MS in negative ion chemical ionization mode. Method detection limits were ca. 200 ng/g for nonylphenol, <25 ng/g for TCS and other alkyl and aryl phenols, and <5 ng/g for other halogenated phenols. This method has been applied to the determination of phenolic compounds in over 150 sludge and biosolids samples since 2009.
Fabrication and application of boron doped diamond BDD electrode in olive mill wastewater treatment in Jordan
Authors: Jum'h Inshad , Abdelhay Arwa , Al-Taani Hussein , Telfah Ahmad , Alnaief Mohammad , Rosiwal Stefan
Published: August 2016

A boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode was employed in an electrochemical reactor to oxidize the phenolic content of Jordanian olive mill wastewater. The BDD anode was fabricated using hot filament chemical vapor deposition on niobium and the morphology of the BDD electrode was characterized using an atomic force microscope. Then, electrolysis batch runs were carried out at laboratory scale to test the effect of different process parameters, namely, initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) load (72.9, 33.8, and 0.18 g/L), the addition of Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte, and adding NaCl along with Na2SO4, on the efficiency of the treatment process. The results were reported in terms of COD, color and turbidity removal, and pH variation. The experiments revealed that electrochemical oxidation using BDD significantly reduced the COD by 85% with no supporting electrolytes. It was observed that adding Na2SO4 with NaCl brought the COD removal to higher than 90% after 7 hours of treatment for COD loads of 72.9 and 33.8 g/L, and after 2 hours for a COD load of 0.18 g/L. Likewise, color was completely removed regardless of the initial COD load. The turbidity for samples with 72.9 and 33.8 g/L as COD load reached a minimal value of 2.5 and 1 NTU respectively.
Assessment of sustainability of rural water supply services in Tanzania: the case study of Dodoma region
Authors: Eliamringi Lightness , Kazumba Shija
Published: August 2016

Rural water supply services in Tanzania are still inadequate. Despite the substantial resources invested to provide safe water, there is a significant number of water points that are non-functional. Knowledge of the degree of sustainability and the contributing factors for rural water supply projects is limited. This study employs the fuzzy set concept to assess the degree of sustainability of water points in seven Local Government Authorities (LGAs) of Dodoma region in Tanzania. Dodoma region lies in the semi-arid area of Tanzania where boreholes are the major sources of water supply. Due to limited information, four dimensions of sustainability of water projects were used in this study. These include water quantity from the water sources, water quality, institution setting with regard to community participation in meetings, and financing of the projects for operation and maintenance. The multidimensional sustainability indices of water points were determined. The results indicate that only two LGAs, of Bahi and Kondoa, have sustainable water points with sustainability indices of 0.86 and 0.83, respectively. Kongwa has the lowest sustainability index of 0.17 due to poor water quality and inadequate quantity of water from the boreholes.
Management of unregulated agricultural nonpoint sources through water quality trading market
Authors: Mahjoobi Emad , Sarang Amin , Ardestani Mojtaba
Published: August 2016

Water quality trading (WQT) could be an innovative policy to incentivize farmers to implement best management practices (BMPs) for their activities. This study focused on assessment of involving unregulated agricultural nonpoint sources (NPS) into the WQT market in Gharesoo watershed in the west of Iran. It also proposes a methodology to determine location-based trading ratios as well as environmental penalty cost to achieve a more well-designed market structure. Trading activities in different scenarios were described by trading volume (TV), participation rate (PR), total exchanged value (TEV), and other market parameters in order to achieve a better comparison of market performance. Results showed that, by applying NPS to the Gharesoo watershed, total phosphorous (TP) trading market could increase TV, PR, and TEV up to 11, 1.7 and 7.5 times, respectively, depending on which level of BMPs are implemented by them. Additionally, it could save 29% of the total cost of implementing a TP total maximum daily load in this watershed compared to the ‘command and control’ approach. Furthermore, the agricultural sector could profit by $5.49 million (or $75/ha) by choosing solutions such as terrace systems and filter strips to register into the market. This profit can be allocated to the development of new agricultural technologies.
Prediction of Postoperative Complications in Acute Peritonitis
Authors: Grynchuk A F , Grynchuk F V. , Polianskiy I Yu
Published: August 2016

The ability to predict the possibility of postoperative complications is an important component of treatment of acute peritonitis. None of the known methods is fully accepted worldwide.The objective of the research was to develop an informative method for predicting postoperative complications.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of treating 169 patients with peritonitis was made. 79 patients developed postoperative complications. 39 patients died.  123 patients were diagnosed with comorbidities. Clinical and laboratory data, parameters of the Mannheim peritonitis index, comorbidity class, and the patients’ age were analyzed using the variance analysis.Results and discussion. The prediction of postoperative complications may be carried out in two stages. Prior to surgery, preceding risk is estimated considering the nature of the underlying disease, clinical signs of acute peritonitis and comorbidity class. During surgery the final risk estimation is made taking into consideration the nature of the underlying disease, the Mannheim peritonitis index, comorbidity class, the number of band forms, use of the programmed peritoneal sanation. For each aforementioned indicator different number of points was determined. Patients were divided into several groups by the sum of these points: normal (2-4 points), increased (5.7 points), medium (8-9 points) and high (more than 10 points) risk of postoperative complications.Conclusions.The proposed prognostic scale allows us to identify groups of normal, increased, medium and high risk of postoperative complications in acute peritonitis.A two-phase prediction - before and during surgery – allow us to differentially apply preventive measures in the preoperative preparation, during surgery and in the postoperative period of treatment.
Morphofunctional peculiarities of the arteries in general deep hypothermia
Authors: Elmezugi Faradge Musbakh , Popadynets O. H. , Sobol L. V. , Dubyna N. M.
Published: August 2016

The aim of the work – is to study the dynamics of peculiarities of morphophunctional changes in structural elements of arteries’ walls of muscular type under the influence of the general deep hypothermia. There were used 20 white mature adult outbred rats weighing 160-180 g. Cooling was performed in accordance with the patented methods. Euthanasia of the rats was carried out by an overdose of ether anesthesia. Collection of the material was performed during the 7th, 14th and 30th days of post-hypothermic period. Pieces of humeral, femoral, renal, superior mesenteric arteries and celiac trunk were carried to paraffin blocks according to the conventional methods. With the help of sliding microtome there were received sections of 5-8 microns thick with subsequent staining with hematoxylin and eosin, fuchsin according to the Hart (identification of elastic fibers), trichrome staining according to Masson (identification of collagenous fibers), alcian blue after Stidman (definition of glycosaminoglycans). Ultrastructural study of the material was performed on the electron microscope PEM-125K. During the 7th day degenerative changes of the vascular wall structural components predominate, which during the 14th day are combined with compensatory-adaptive manifestations. During the 30th day after the action of general deep hypothermia there are expressed intracellular regenerative processes. The perspective is to study further changes which occur in the main arteries of elastic and mixed types at different terms of post-hypothermic period with the purpose to find ways of their prevention and correction, which is dictated by medical and social value of this problem.
Methods of Diagnostic Laparoscopy
Authors: Gonchar M G , Bogush A Ye , Pryymak L D
Published: August 2016

During the period of three years, 1,414 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. 18 patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy under local anaesthesia. All these patients in addition to the suspected pathology of the abdominal cavity were diagnosed with severe concomitant cardiopulmonary pathology including acute myocardial infarction, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, coma of various genesis, pneumonia. The proposed technique included a local anaesthesia around the navel, laparolifting, the insertion of a laparoscope and a short inspection (3-5 min) of the abdominal organs. Sometimes, especially in patients with hypertension, spinal or epidural anesthesia was used. While diagnosticating the pathology, if necessary, the anaesthesia was given, carboperitonium was applied and the necessary surgery was performed.
Laparoscopy in Elective and Emergency Surgery
Authors: Gonchar M G , Bogush A Ye , Marushchak N M , Bogush N A
Published: August 2016

A retrospective analysis of using laparoscopy in elective and emergency surgery was made. During the period of 3 years (2013-2015) 3,045 surgical operations on the abdominal organs were performed. In 1,455 cases minimally invasive surgical techniques were used. Perspective use of laparoscopic technology in elective and emergency surgery was proven. The attention of authors was concentrated on the widespread use of diagnostic laparoscopy as the final stage of pathology verification followed by subsequent adequate surgery.
Modlitwa w tekstach qumrańskich. Zwięzłe wprowadzenie w problematykę
Authors: Kapera Zdzisław J.
Published: August 2016

W grotach Pustyni Judzkiej i w najbliższym sąsiedztwie osiedla Chirbet Qumran znaleziono ponad dziewięćset rękopisów. Spośród trzystu różnych utworów wyodrębniono 506 przykładów utworów modlitewnych, w tym 10 tekstów magicznych. Badacze wyróżniają w nich siedem grup: 1. Modlitwy odmawiane o wschodzie i zachodzie słońca oraz w szczególne dni; 2. Liturgia na niektóre ceremonie wspólnoty; 3. Modlitwy eschatologiczne; 4. Teksty magiczne; 5. Kolekcje psalmów (w tym psalmy apokryficzne); 6. Psalmy dziękczynne; 7. Modlitwy prozą. Wspólnota modliła się przede wszystkim o brzasku i o zachodzie słońca. „Ofiara warg” odgrywała centralną rolę w życiu qumrańczyków. W artykule scharakteryzowano modlitwy poranne i wieczorne oraz modlitwy szabatowe. Zwięźle omówiono liturgię przyjęcia członków do Nowego Przymierza, zachowaną niemal w całości Księgę Hodajot (psalmów dziękczynnych), kilka psalmów apokryficznych (jak Ps 151) i modlitwy eschatologiczne. Podkreślono rolę badań nad modlitwą qumrańską zarówno dla studium rozwoju i historii modlitwy judaizmu okresu Drugiej Świątyni, jak też dla poznania liturgii okresu wczesnego chrześcijaństwa.
Posługi liturgiczne świeckich w posoborowym prawodawstwie polskim
Authors: Dyduch Jan
Published: August 2016

Sobór Watykański II dowartościował wiernych świeckich także przez przypomnienie i uporządkowanie nauczania o ich uczestnictwie w posłudze kapłańsko-uświęcającej. Podejmując te wskazania soborowe prawodawstwo powszechne i prawodawstwo polskie dopuściło świeckich do posług liturgicznych. Szczególne znaczenie ma przyznanie im prawa do stałych posług lektoratu i akolitatu oraz spełniania funkcji nadzwyczajnego szafarza komunii świętej. Spełnianie przywołanych posług i funkcji w prawodawstwie polskim przyznano tylko mężczyznom.
Od litanii Gertrudy do litanii Nawojki
Authors: Sadowski Witold
Published: August 2016

W jedenastowiecznym Kodeksie Gertrudy, córki Mieszka II, znajduje się dziesięć modlitw o budowie litanii. Artykuł podejmuje analizę dwu z nich: „Ut me miseram famulam Tuam Gertrudam custodire digneris…” i „Ave Maria gratia plena dominus tecum…”. Stylistyczne cechy pierwszej wskazują, że tekst miał być zaakceptowany przez księżną jako jej modlitwa prywatna, sformułowana z jej punktu widzenia i – być może – zawierająca cytaty z jej własnych wypowiedzi. Dlatego Gertruda może być uważana za autorkę, mimo że sam akt sporządzenia tekstu przypadł komu innemu. Druga litania przypomina tekst wydany przez G. G. Meerssemana z dwunastowiecznego manuskryptu przechowywanego w Paryżu. Mogła ona być podstawą dla późniejszej kopii zachodniej lub oba przekazy pochodziły (bezpośrednio lub pośrednio) z tego samego źródła. Niektóre zdania z obu wersji powtarzają się w XV-wiecznej modlitwie „Zdrowa bądź Maryja, miłości pełna…” z Modlitewnika Nawojki napisanej po polsku.
Przywódca-budowniczy sanktuarium Izraela według narracji starotestamentalnej
Authors: Obidowicz Andrzej J.
Published: August 2016

Wiele ksiąg Starego Testamentu podejmuje tematykę ludzkiej działalności budowlanej. Wśród narracji starotestamentalnych daje się wyróżnić takie, które przedstawiają szczególny rodzaj tej działalności, podjętej w wyniku Bożej inspiracji adresowanej do przywódcy wspólnoty Izraela. W ten sposób ten przywódca staje się przywódcą-budowniczym sanktuarium Izraela (pominięto Heroda Wielkiego, jako że nie wymienia go tekst Starego Testamentu). Można wyróżnić kilka szczególnych przymiotów przywódcy-budowniczego sanktuarium Izraela: posłuszeństwo oraz zawierzenie Bogu, pobożność, roztropność, solidność, autorytet oraz męstwo. Wyeksponowanie owych przymiotów stanowi zasadniczy cel artykułu.
Cytaty z pieśni o Słudze Jahwe w Ewangeliach synoptycznych
Authors: Adamczyk Dariusz
Published: August 2016

Z treści Izajaszowych pieśni nie dowiadujemy się, kim jest Sługa (‘ebed) Jahwe. W Ewangeliach synoptycznych zawarte są cytaty z pierwszej i czwartej pieśni o Słudze Jahwe. Synoptycy w świetle zmartwychwstania Chrystusa w nowy sposób zinterpretowali starotestamentalne teksty. W Izajaszowym Słudze Jahwe widzą zapowiedź proroczą i typ samego Jezusa Chrystusa, Mesjasza i Zbawiciela. W Jezusie Chrystusie wypełnia się w sposób doskonały i ostateczny wszystko, co w Starym Testamencie zostało zapowiedziane o Słudze Jahwe. Ewangeliczny kontekst tych cytatów pozwala dostrzec w pieśniach o cierpiącym Słudze Bożym zapowiedź odkupieńczej męki, śmierci i zmartwychwstania Jezusa.
O princípio da proporcionalidade como ferramenta eficaz para a aferição da ilegitimidade da indevida restrição a direitos fundamentais, no âmbito do processo penal
Authors: Peruchin Marcelo Caetano Guazzelli
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo busca lançar aportes doutrinários do direito consti- tucional aplicáveis ao processo penal no Estado Constitucional de Direito. Após uma breve introdução, são trabalhados subsídios teóricos com o objetivo de enaltecer a importância da proteção dos direitos fundamentais da pessoa, e, com isto, efetivar a legitimidade da intervenção estatal (a qual se dá, inclusive, por meio do processo penal na esfera das liberdades e dos direitos individuais), a partir da apreciação do princípio da proporcionalidade. Por fim, são abordados aspectos de diferenciação entre princípio da proporcionalidade proveniente da doutrina alemã e a razoabilidade trabalhada pelos Estados Unidos e Inglaterra.
Direito e Processo Penal juntos? (des)Caminhos do ensino jurídico
Authors: Morais da Rosa Alexandre
Published: August 2016

O artigo se propõe a discutir a proposta de ensino conjunto de Direito e Processo Penal, bem assim Criminologia, desde uma perspectiva crítica.
La importación de mecanismos consensuales del proceso estadounidense, en las reformas procesales latinoamericanas
Authors: Anitua Gabriel Ignacio
Published: August 2016

En este artículo se analiza el sistema de la plea barganining y su adopción por parte de algunos países europeos y latinoamericanos, en las reformas de sus leyes procesales penales. Con este fin, puntua el movimiento de reforma por el que pasaron algunos países europeos y latinoamericanos, señalando una motivación de política criminal para justificar la importación del Instituto, característico del modelo adversarial estadounidense, y conclui tratarse de una práctica que, para facilitar la aceleración de la respuesta del Estado, con la contribución de los acusados y de la eliminación del proceso, implementa un modelo procesal punitivista y típico de los sistemas autoritarios.
El principio acusatorio entendido como eslogan político
Authors: Montero Aroca Juan
Published: August 2016

El artículo analiza el concepto del “principio acusatorio”, teniendo en cuenta el escenario de la vaguedad conceptual que impregna este debate. Después de afirmar la ausencia de modelos ideales de procedimientos penales, explicando los intentos de monopolizar la idea de “contradictorio” por la doctrina de los EUA, describe las características de la posición del juez y de las partes en el ámbito jurídico penal acusatorio. Por último, concluye que el llamado “principio de contradicción” y todas las expresiones en las que la palabra “adversarial” será utilizada, es exclusivamente política, dado que la falta de precisión en su sentido jurídico, cuyo contenido debe expresarse como una garantía procesal, pero dejan de representar a todos los sentidos, así como los intentos de su explicación.
La prolusione di rocco e le dottrine del processo penale
Authors: Orlandi Renzo
Published: August 2016

L’articolo analizza le conseguenze del pensiero giuridico di Arturo Rocco, dal 1910 nella dottrina di procedura penale, ossia, il metodo tecnico-giuridico (esegesi, sistematica e critica). La dogmatica di procedura pena- le inizia con la monografia di Giovanni Conso, nel 1955. L’insoddisfazione con il tecnicismo giuridico e con la mancanza di maturità scientifica si è manifestata con Carnelutti nel 1946 (Cerenterola), sottolineando le peculiarità strutturali del procedimento penale. In questa prospettiva, il testo sottolinea la conferenza di Franco Cordero nel 1964 (Lecce), così come le lezioni da James Goldschmidt. Inoltre, negli anni sessanta, divennero importanti diritti fondamentali, di fronte alla Costituzione democratica, con un nuovo orientamento dottrinale. Il diritto processuale penale è stato considerato come diritto costituzionale applicato. Si segnalano gli insegnamenti di Amodio, Amato, Chiavario, Ferrua, Grevi, Iluminati, Massa e Nobili. Successivamente, l’articolo mette in evidenza il CPP del 1988, l’internazionalizzazione dei sistemi giuridici, l’importanza del diritto comparato e dei diritti fondamentali. Si conclude con il nuovo ordine mondiale dei diplomi internazionali e tribunali sovranazionali, con nuove esigenze, oltre il tecnicismo giuridico.
Processo penal, segurança e liberdade: uma provocação
Authors: Valente Manuel Monteiro Guedes
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo enfoca a questão da afirmação dos direitos humanos desde a perspectiva da liberdade, segurança e justiça na construção de um Processo Penal Democrático. Isso tendo em vista a necessária preocupação do mundo jurídico quando da realidade da sociedade permeada pela incerteza dos fenômenos negativos, relacionados com modelos autoritários ou bélicos do direito penal material e processual em contraste ao modelo garantista. A discussão passa pela problemática do enfrentamento da reedificação do Direito Penal do autor, voltado para perseguição criminal em detrimento das garantias, liberdades e direitos fundamentais. O estudo enfrentará também a idéia da negação do princípio do Estado democrático de direito a partir da admissibilidade da perseguição criminal futura (medidas de prevenção avançada) que podem colocar em risco a manutenção de garantias fundamentais efetivas.
Debido proceso, sistemas y reforma del proceso penal
Authors: Armenta Deu Teresa
Published: August 2016

Este artículo se propone examinar los modelos de procesos penales de los movimientos de reforma que se establecieron en las últimas décadas del siglo XX, en los países iberoamericanos. Para ello, primero se enfatiza las características históricas de cada sistema, poniendo de relieve la importancia de no confundir el acusatorio con el adversarial, rechazando la coincidencia entre los sistemas actuales y mixto inquisitivo histórico. Apoya la importancia de la igualdad de armas y e del contradictoria en la búsqueda de un equilibrio entre los modelos de procedimiento.
Algumas marcas inquisitoriais do Código de Processo Penal brasileiro e a resistência às reformas
Authors: Giacomolli Nereu José
Published: August 2016

O perfil inquisitorial do modelo processual penal brasileiro encontra ambientação ideológica na década de quarenta, a qual reflete, por sua vez, a ideologia europeia da década de 1930. O CPP foi gestado em plena ditadura do Estado Novo, com forte influência do Código Rocco italiano, de inspiração fascista. As marcas deste perfil criaram raízes na legislação ordinária, na doutrina, na jurisprudência, no ensino jurídico e na política criminal. Entre as marcas desta raiz inquisitorial estão a possibilidade de o magistrado agir de ofício, assumindo funções da acusação, podendo requisitar a investigação, reconhecer agravantes sem que estivessem descritas ou tivessem sido postuladas, podendo condenar, mesmo que o Estado-acusação tenha pedido a absolvição. Nas reformas parciais do CPP persistiram perspectivas incompatíveis com o modelo constitucional e convencional do processo penal. O artigo faz uma ambientação histórica, cultural e política da década de quarenta e mostra as marcas do perfil inquisitorial do proces- so penal brasileiro e as resistências às reformas.
A produção analógica da verdade no processo penal: desvelando a reconstrução narrativa dos rastros do passado
Authors: Khaled Jr. Salah Hassan
Published: August 2016

Este artigo pretende discutir o regime da verdade do processo penal, problematizando o conceito de verdade correspondente (real, material, substancial e relativa) a partir de uma epistemologia da passeidade, que procura atentar para a complexidade do tempo escoado que é o referencial cognitivo do processo penal: o conhecimento sobre o passado é construído a partir de rastros, conformando uma verdade analógica que é produzida narrativamente. Com isso, visa o rompimento do paradigma da verdade correspondente utilizada como sustentáculo da busca pela verdade real pelo juiz, resultando o famigerado ativismo judicial, maculando a estrutura acusatória do devido processo legal. A análise pretende superar o isolacionismo do discurso jurídico, atualmente deficitário diante dos novos paradigmas dos discursos dos demais campos do saber.
TUJUAN OTONOMI DAERAH DAN ALASAN PEMEKARAN WILAYAH
Authors: Elvawati Elvawati
Published: August 2016

Regional autonomy is the right, authority, and duties of the autonomous regions to organize and manage their own affairs and interests of local communities in accordance with the legislation. The purpose of regional autonomy under Law no. 5 1975 is to allow the relevant area to control and manage their own households to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of government administration in the context of service to the community and implementation. Increase the effectiveness and efficiency of regional government, especially in the implementation of development and service to the community and to improve pembinanan political stability and national unity.
MODEL PENGEMBANGAN ENTERPRENEURSHIP DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA PADA MASYARAKAT MATRILIENAL MINANGKABAU
Authors: Zusmelia Zusmelia , Dasrizal Dasrizal , Erita Yeni , Fitlayeni Rinel
Published: August 2016

The main focus of this research is to investigate and understand the women who participate to trade in regional market. It concerns with entrepreneur spirit among Minangkabau societies. It also explores the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic empowerment either locally (West Sumatera area) and nationally. There are several reasons for women traders jumped into the export trade; firstly, they want to continue their family life. Secondly, there is such inequality of ownership of agricultural land area. Thirdly, there are many low education levels found in society. Lastly, Minangkabau ethnics are recognized as very good traders (social culture). The presence of women traders in the regional market is an incubator and the birth of the entrepreneur spirit for the next generation. It also contributes to the economic empowerment of West Sumatra in particular and the national economy in general.
SASI, KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA LAUT (Kasus; Masyarakat suku Tanimbar di Desa Adaut, Kecamatan Selaru, Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat)
Authors: Elfemi Nilda
Published: August 2016

The human dependence of nature requires a harmonious relationship between them, in which humans are part of nature itself, which means having to maintain balance and sustainability. In an effort to maintain balance and sustainable marine resources, Tanimbarnise at Adaut village have principles or traditional norms which are respected and practiced in the management of marine products in the form of sasi. SASI enforcement of ocean is primarily intended to keep the sustainability of marine resources that are not disturbed by the exploitation activities carried out continuously, which ultimately makes it the trouble themselves to earn income from marine products. This paper is the result of a research that aims to describe the implementation of marine sasi on Tanimbarnise at Adaut village
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PKPEK TERHADAP PENGRAJIN PEYEK DI DUSUN PELEMADU
Authors: Fitlayeni Rinel
Published: August 2016

Existence PKPEK (Society for Research and Development of Community Economy) as one NGO aims to empower communities to improve people's income Pelemadu after the massive earthquake that occurred in 2006. The earthquake caused many casualties both material and non materti. Upon entry there PKPEK a significant increase of the income of the people, especially artisans dent.

PKPEK existence begins with a change in the views seen from the aspect of change in the business entity, to provide infrastructure needed by the community as an asset, manpower and motivation. While the obstacles faced during the process of mentoring, among others: a) capital mainly raw materials, b) the means of production, c) market and d) price.
KEWENANGAN BADAN MUSYAWARAH (BAMUS) NAGARI DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN NAGARI DI KABUPATEN AGAM
Authors: Prahara Surya
Published: August 2016

The function of BAMUS is to receive people’s aspiration and to be Wali Nagari’s companion in administering Nagari. BAMUS and Wali Nagari are Nagari’s officials who are able to guide and prosper Nagari’s people. Institute of Nagari’s government is stated on Peraturan Daerah Kabuten Agam number 12, 2007 which is about Nagari’s government. PERDA must regulate the organizing of Nagari, in contrary it produces some overlapping interests between BAMUS and Wali Nagari. This problem directs the researcher to conduct a research about the authority of BAMUS in administering Nagari at Kabupaten Agam. The finding of this research prove that it is rarely for BAMUS to corporate with Wali Nagari in organizing the governmence. It is happen because a conflict which is shown that both BAMUS and Wali Nagari fell that they have same opportunity in deciding systems and programs for Nagari.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH SUMMARIZING STRATEGY AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Asty Herfyna
Published: August 2016

The observations showed that there were five problems faced by the students in reading comprehension class : (1) students were lazy to read English texts; (2) students fount difficulty to understand the contents of reading text because the have limited vocabulary; (3) students did not  have enough time because they have busy to consult the dictionary for any difficult words they found on the reading text; (4) the students were extremely passive during the class; and (5) the teaching technique used by the teacher was not interesting to the students.

To solve the problems, a classroom action research of applying the summarizing strategy was conducted. The results showed that the application of the summarizing strategy to reading comprehension classes successfully improve students’ performance on reading comprehension tests. This success was confirmed by increasing average students score during cycle 1 to cycle 2. The average score during cycle 1 was 64.13, the average score during cycle 2 was 69.88, and that during cycle 3 was 72.38. Furthermore, students’ perceptions of the application of summarizing strategy to reading classes were also improving. These were supported by average percentages of positive perception of 40.5 in cycle 1, 73.9 in cycle 2, 84.6 in cycle 3.

Thus, it was concluded that the summarizing strategy id effective to improve students’ reading comprehension. In addition, the strategy also enhances students’ perceptions of the application of the strategy to reading classes.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL KALKULUS 2 PADA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA DI STKIP PGRI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Fitri Dewi Yuliani , Septia Tika , Yunita Alfi
Published: August 2016

Students' abilities can be developed through lectures, one of which is variable Calculus 2. In order for the maximum tuition required of a material that can support course lectures. In West Sumatra, Padang PGRI STKIP students only rely on one textbook only when the lectures, so the motivation and low student interest in learning. Therefore it takes a lecture materials that can help facilitate students in the lecture, which is a modul. The purpose of this study is to develop a modul valid, practical and effective in subjects STKIP PGRI Calculus 2 in West Sumatra. This study is a research development. This modul was developed by using the 4D model (define, design, develop, and desseminate). Phase desseminate not done. The data was collected with the validation and testing of the modul. modul is validated by the lecturer and expert Calculus 2, as well as Indonesian lecturers. Tests carried out on mathematics education students STKIP PGRI West Sumatera to know praktikalitas and effectiveness of the modul. The results showed that: 1) modul is valid (including the content and construct validity) of the validator's point of view, 2) the use of modul in the lecture did not experience significant barriers. The book is a practical work according to students and lecturers; and 3) modul have been effective. This is evident from the activities of students and high motivation to learn after the lecture.
STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN THE TOEFL–LIKE STRUCTURE SUBTEST (A Study at STKIP PGRI of West Sumatera )
Authors: Mayuasti Mayuasti
Published: August 2016

Structure subtest is a student’s problem of English Department of STKIP PGRI in solving the TOEFL test. Based on data from the English Department graduated student, it is found that the result from the test scores is far from expectation. It is difficult for students to determine the use of any particular of speech in a sentence. This research aims to identify the structure of third year student ability of English Department of  STKIP PGRI West Sumatra on every variable that exists on the TOEFL test, particularly the grammar part. Results of the study show that statistically their ability is at unsatisfactory levels. 
Nearly half of the research subjects (42.30%) is at a low level. Thus, it can be concluded that the ability of students in grammar TOEFL test is still low.
Regulation of caspase-3 expression to maintain fetal growth in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected pregnant rats
Authors: Kusumawardani Banun , Arina Yuliana MD , Purwandhono Azham
Published: August 2016

Periodontal disease has been involved in a variety of systemic disorders and suspected as a potential risk factor for fetal growth restriction. Periodontal pathogenic bacteria may actively regulate embryonic development, implantation and placental trophoblast cell invasion. This study aimed to analyze the role of TNF-α, IL-10 and caspase-3 to maintain fetal growth in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected pregnant rats. Female rats were infected with live-Porphyromonas gingivalis at concentration of 2x109 cells/ml into subgingival sulcus area of the maxillary first molar before and during pregnancy. They were sacrificed on gestational day (GD)-14 and GD20. The weight and length of placentas and fetuses were evaluated. The expression of TNF-α, IL-10 and caspase-3 in macrophages and trophoblast cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. On GD14, TNF-α (R2=0.416;P=0.000) and IL-10 (R2=0.187;P=0.012) had an important role to increase expression of caspase-3 in the placenta, but only TNF-α (R2=0.393;P=0.000 ) was able to increase the expression of caspase-3 on GD20. TNF-α and caspase-3 also had an important role (P<0.000) to decrease fetal weight, fetal length and placental weight on GD14 and GD20, but it was not the case with IL-10 (P>0.000). The increasing expressions of TNF-α and IL-10 did not only enhance immune protection, but also maintained the trophoblast cells survival by regulating expression of caspase-3. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in maternal periodontal tissue can lead to decrease in placental weight, fetal weight and fetal length which mediated by increasing expression of TNF-α, IL-10 and caspase-3 in the placenta.
The effect of carbonated beverage to the discoloration of polished and unpolished nanohybrid composite resin
Authors: Maghfiroh Hany , Nugroho Raditya , Probosari Niken
Published: August 2016

Nanohybrid resin composite is one of the restorative dental materials that has good
aesthetic value and smooth surface. However, resin composite can be discolored due to
consuming foods and beverages, one of which is a carbonated beverage. To determine
the difference of discoloration of polished and unpolished nanohybrid resin composite
after the immersion in carbonated beverage. An experimental laboratories research with
the post test only control group design. In the group of polished composite, polishing was
done on one side only, while the unpolished composit group, any treatment wasn't done.
The total were 32 samples, divided into 4 groups which were immersed in carbonated
beverages and artificial saliva for 7 days. The shredded material was replaced every 24
hours. The instrument used for testing the discoloration was a spectrophotometer. Data
was analyzed by parametric statistical test One-way ANOVA and LSD (Least Significant
Different). There were significant differences between the unpolished composite resin that
soaked in carbonated beverages and the other groups (p <0.05). Unpolished resin
composite are prone to discolorate compared to the polished resin composite
Apical microleakage of epoxy resin and methacrylate resin-based sealer with continuous wave obturation technique
Authors: Haslinda Haslinda , Rovani Christine Anastasia , Trilaksana Aries Chandra
Published: August 2016

The aim of this research was to determine the microleakage apical sealer based on epoxy resin and methacrylate resin with continuous wave obturation technique.Thirty  permanent  lateral incisors were selected at random and  divided into 3 groups (N=10), namely AH Plus obturator group (epoxy resin), EndoREZ group (methacrylate resin), and negative control. The samples were decoronated, root canal preparation, then kept in incubator of 37°C for 72 hours. Sample were coated with nail varnish then immersed in methylene blue for 48 hours. The samples were washed with distilled water, dried and nail varnish removed. The samples were clearing. Penetration was measured using microscope and given score 0-4. Measurements were analyzed statistically. By using Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney test, there is no significant difference between the apical microleakage of the the epoxy resin root canal sealer with methacrylate root canal sealer based (p>0,05). It means that the apical microleakage of the epoxy resin root canal sealer based comparable with merhacrylate root canal sealer based. It was concluded that the apical microleakage of epoxy resin based sealer does not different to the methacrylate resin based sealer.
Correlation between interalar width and intercommisural width against mesiodistal width of central upper incisor in Buginese tribe
Authors: Thalib Bahruddin , Saputri Ayu
Published: August 2016

Various types of anatomical landmarks of the face should match its proportions with the size of the teeth which is the interalar width, intercomissural width, interpupillary width, Intercanthal width, and byzigomatic width. Some of face landmarks can be used as a guide in the selection of anterior teeth in complete denture, especially if the pre extraction record such as radiography image, extracted teeth, model study, the remaining teeth, face shape, and the shape of the curved jaw have been lost. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between interalar width and intercommisural width against mesiodistal incisivus centralis width in a group of Buginese tribe. Ninety nine Buginese tribe subjects aged 17-25 were selected. The interalar width, intercommisural width, and mesiodistal incisor centralis teeth were measured using caliper about three times for accuracy and precision. Mean of interalar width and mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla width in males more width than females (p<0.05), and intercommisural width in females more width than males (p>0.05). The degree of correlation between interalar width against mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla width was 0.030, -0.246, 0,225 in Buginese tribe, males, and females (p>0.05). : The degree of correlation between intercommisural width against  mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla width in Buginese tribe was 0,054, 0,013, 0,153 in Buginese tribe, males, and females (p>0.05). The degree of correlation between interalar width and intercommisural width was 0.301 and 0.356 in Buginese tribe and males (p<0.05), and 0,281 in females (p>0.05). In conclusion, there is no significant correlation between interalar width and intercommisural width against mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla width in a group of Buginese tribe. Interalar width and intercommisural width  directly proportional to mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla in a group of Buginese tribe. Interalar width and intercommisural width  inversely proportional to mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla in males and directly inversely in females.
Effects of two different sealer material on fiber post bond strength in root canal
Authors: Kurniawaty Kurniawaty , Rovani Christine A. , Nugroho Juni Jekti , Natsir Nurhayaty , Mattulada Indrya K.
Published: August 2016

This study was aimed to determine the effect of epoxy resin-based and MTA-based sealer on fiber post bond strength in the root canal wall.Samples are mandibulary first premolar, with a single root canal. They are divided into three groups: negative control group which is a gutta percha obturation without sealer, gutta percha obturation with epoxy resin based sealer [AH Plus], and gutta percha obturation with MTA-based sealer [MTA Fillapex] groups. Samples were decoronated, prepared, obturated and then stored in the incubator at room temperature for one week, the post space were prepared for fiber post insertion. Samples were mounted in the PVC pipes before insertion. Samples were stored in the incubator for one day before bond strength testing. Universal testing machine was used with the speed of 0,5 mm/minutes. Data were collected and analysed using ANOVA.The result showed that the fiber post bond strength in the root canal obturated with epoxy resin-based sealer was higher [12.311 N/mm2] than MTA-based sealer [10.786 N/mm2], but that result was not statistically significant. Therefore, it was concluded that the root canal obturated with epoxy resin-based sealer did not yield a significant bond strength [p = 0.689] compared to MTA-based sealer [p> 0.05].
Concentration of total protein and degree of acidity (pH) of saliva when fasting and after breakfasting
Authors: Illahi Gemella Nur , Tamril Rudin , Samad Rasmidar
Published: August 2016

Background: While fasting, the mouth does not work to eat and drink so that the salivary glands become less active so saliva production decreased and there was a change in eating timewhich is relation to the mastication process that impact on changes in the degree of acidity (pH) Objectives: To determine the concentration of total protein and the degree of acidity (pH) of saliva when fasting and after breakfasting. Materials and Methods: The study was observational analytic design with longitudinal (follow up study) conducted in the Hj. Halima Dg. Sikati Dental Hospital inKandea in July 2015, the sampling method was purposive sampling. Population was 35 clinical students at the Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry Hasanuddin University with a total sample of 16 students who fit the criteria of the study subjects. To calculate the total protein of saliva concentration using Kyltecautoanalyzerand pH meter to measure the acidity of saliva. Data was analyzed was using SPSS version 17.0 (paired t-test, p <0.05). Results: The mean of total protein (%) while fasting by 0135% ± 0.026 and the mean total protein (%) after breakfasting at 0.179% ± 0.035, while the average degree of acidity (pH) during fasting at 7.26 ± 0:24 and the average degree of acidity (pH) after breakfasting at 7.66 ± 0.23 with p-value (0.000). Conclusions: An increase in the total protein concentration and acidity (pH) after breakfasting.