bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observance of the rights of suspects and accused during transportation in the context of modernization of special vehicles
Authors: Kashirskiy Dmitriy Yurievich , Baumtrog Viktor Etmontovich , Tumanov Danil Mikhailovich
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The subject of the study is the specifics of the transportation of suspects and accused in the Russian Federation. The object of the study is the conditions of detention and transportation of citizens in specialized cars. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the features presented in international practice and in our country to the requirements for these cars. Particular attention is paid to what complaints are sent by suspects and accused about the conditions of their detention, as well as at the time of movement in specialized vehicles. The paper presents the basic requirements for special vehicles designed to transport suspects and accused. В  The main conclusions of this study are the minimization of the violations indicated in the article, while improving Russian legislation, striving in this direction to the norms of international law. A special contribution of the authors of the research topic is a practical overview of the main violations of the rights of suspects or accused. The novelty of the research lies in the systematization of the basic requirements for detention in temporary detention facilities. This scientific work can be considered as a set of measures to improve the content of these persons. The main approaches in this work can be used for a set of measures to prevent such violations against the individual.
The place of e-government in the public administration system
Authors: Lolaeva Al'bina Slavovna
Published: April 2022

The article examines the place of e-government in the system of public administration. The relevance of the topic is due to the universal digitalization of public relations, including the sphere of public administration. E-government is a new format of interaction between the state and society based on the use of modern information and communication technologies, which needs theoretical justification. The methods of scientific analysis and synthesis, deduction, induction, as well as methods of description, comparison and analysis of secondary data are used in the work. The article reflects the issue of the development of e-government in Russia. The object of the study is the social relations that arise during the creation and functioning of the e-government system. The author formulates the conclusion that e-government in the Russian Federation is in continuous development, and is also an important tool for the development of the digital economy, which requires a revision of the digital skills of civil servants. At the moment, there is already a trend towards training personnel for digital public administration. It was revealed that today in the Russian Federation, the electronic government, which is an important tool for the development of the digital economy, is in continuous development, there is already a tendency to transition to an electronic state. In order to get the maximum benefit from digital transformations in public administration, a new approach to the formation of the competencies of a modern civil servant is required, because the lack of the necessary level of training can serve as a serious barrier to improving the efficiency of public administration. Information technologies are dynamic, rapidly undergoing changes, as a result, the existing requirements for civil servants cease to be relevant in the period of digital transformation. The legislation of the Russian Federation defines that the requirements for the knowledge, skills and skills of civil servants are established by the official regulations, therefore, the competence model should be adapted for each specific position, taking into account the specifics of the activities of the authority.
Analysis of search queries as a tool for comparative assessment of the need for psychotherapeutic help
Authors: Chernenko Anton Mironovich , Agarkov Vsevolod Aleksandrovich , Bronfman Svetlana Aronovna
Published: April 2022

The subject of this study is the dependence of the frequency of search queries related to a certain medical and/or psychological problem on time and geographical location. In this study, two types of search queries were studied: "status" queries and "help" queries. To obtain data on the frequency characteristics of requests, the capabilities of the Googl Trends web application were used. Requests for "help" were investigated based on the results of an anonymous questionnaire of those who applied for psychological help to the Moscow Psychological Assistance Service for the Population. Seasonal variations of the query "depression" qualitatively repeat seasonal fluctuations, which are one of the main characteristics of this disease: spring-autumn peaks of circulation with summer-winter recessions. Attention is also drawn to the high severity of the autumn peak in the number of requests. At the same time, the graph of the frequency of requests for the word "alarm" does not have such a pronounced cyclicity and does not show an upward trend in the second half of the year. The analysis of the "help" requests found: (1) seasonal cyclicity, similar to the "depression" query вЂ” with spring and autumn peaks, and (2) a downward trend by the end of the year, unlike the "depression" query. В В В В  The analysis of search queries presented in this article is an important research tool, since the statistical characteristics obtained in such a study are independent of traditional statistics based on the analysis of patients' appeals to medical or psychological institutions. Thus, we found that seasonal variations of the query "depression" qualitatively repeat seasonal fluctuations in the frequency of occurrence of the disease: spring-autumn peaks alternate with summer-winter declines, which may indicate the reliability of evaluating search queries as a tool for analyzing depressive and anxietyвЂ“depressive states. Variations of "help" requests also have a similar cyclicity.
Modern substantial approach to the problem of identity of personality
Authors: Volkov Dmitrii
Published: April 2022

The object of the research of this article is the modern philosophical discourse on the problem of identity of personality. The subject of the study is the substantial approach of R. Swinburne and his place in this discourse. The author analyzes R. Swinburne's approach and, in particular, its main advantages вЂ“ the ability to solve the problem of personality reduplication. However, as the author of the article shows, the substantive approach itself is not devoid of vulnerabilities. First of all, he is vulnerable to criticism using the verification principle. Swinburne believes that his approach is not consistent only with a strong version of the verification principle. However, as the author of this article shows, even a weak version of the verification principle is a problem for Swinburne's substantive approach. The author presents his own alternative to the substantial approach for overcoming the reduplication argument and interpreting hypothetical situations associated with it. Such an alternative is the perdurant theory of personality. The article presents a study in the field of the history of modern analytical philosophy. Therefore, the key research method used is historical and philosophical. In particular, the study used a textual analysis of the works of philosophers, first of all, R. Swinburne, according to several sources, a reconstruction of his views was carried out. The article also uses the method of comparative analysis, in particular, a comparison of empiricist approaches and a substantive approach to the problem of identity of personality is made. The article is devoted to the substantial concept of identity of R. Swinburne's personality. Despite the fact that this concept represents an important alternative to solving the problem of identity, it has not been studied much, especially in the Russian history of philosophy. The novelty of the article also lies in a detailed analysis of the verification counterargument in relation to the substantive approach. The author of the article also presents his own alternative to the substantial approach, which allows overcoming the indicated difficulties. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that the substantial approach only partially solves the problem of asynchronous identity of personality, and is most vulnerable to criticism with the help of the verification argument.
The controversy around the French classicism of the XVII century. Historiography of the issue.
Authors: Zaуtseva Nataliya Vladimirovna
Published: April 2022

Issues of style in art are fundamental issues of modern aesthetics, since style is put forward in a number of main categories of art, acting as a principle of the organization of aesthetic form. It is no coincidence that over the past century, the attention of numerous researchers has been drawn to the XVII century - the beginning of the history of aesthetics of modern times, in which, perhaps, the root of modern problems lies. In this respect, the XVII century seems to be the most grateful material for a discussion about style, since in the XVII century great styles arise that will develop and transform in the following centuries and will determine the development of art for many decades - classicism and Baroque. Since the 30s of the XX century, in studies devoted to the study of literature and art of the XVII century, a departure from the theory of classicism of the XIX century is planned. The first stage of this turn is the study of the creativity of the "pillars of classicism", which demonstrated that it has nothing to do with hierarchized academicism and reverence for norms. The desire to please the public, which was initially perceived as the main paradox in the theory of classicism, is further formulated by researchers as the presence of a different aesthetic. The next stage - the term "classicism" itself is criticized as late, evaluative, giving this era the meaning of the absolute. As a result, many researchers come to the conclusion that in France of the XVII century there was no literary and aesthetic doctrine as a single and "classical" one. Finally, the third stage of the study - the appeal to a single anthropo-socio-cultural concept of history, the use of sociological methods to highlight the gallant ethos allows us to conclude that classicism is a phenomenon in the field of art, gallantry is not only an artistic phenomenon, but also a social one.
On the issue of the legal status of credit institutions as a subject of financial monitoring
Authors: Gladkikh Aleksandr Andreevich
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study was the legislation on countering the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism", established for credit institutions, banks and banking activities, as well as on the State Development Corporation "VEB.RF". The object of the research of the article is the legal relations that develop in the process of implementation by credit institutions of the requirements of AML/CFT legislation. The author considers the question of the correlation of subjects of financial monitoring in the aspect of the powers granted by legislation and the duties assigned to agents. Special attention is paid by the author to the study of the special role of credit institutions among financial monitoring agents. The author studies the content of the concept of "credit institution" from the point of view of AML/CFT legislation. Within the framework of the study, the author concluded about the special role of credit institutions in the AML/CFT system due to the specifics of their activities by virtue of granting them unique powers in relation to other agents and assigning a role to ensure the implementation of financial monitoring by other groups of agents. It is noted that the current legal regulation on countering the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism forms an understanding of the term "credit organization" in this area, as a group of entities combining credit organizations in the meaning established by the Federal Law "On Banks and Banking Activities" and the state development Corporation "WEB.The Russian Federation" in the implementation of its operations characteristic of banking activities.
Probabilistic approach to modeling historical settlement systems: traditional view
Authors: Shpirko Sergey
Published: April 2022

In the process of studying the systems of historical settlement, researchers are increasingly drawing on ideas and methods of mathematical modeling. The most popular - the probabilistic approach - is based on the idea that a random factor plays a predominant role in the process of spatial distribution of the population. In particular, according to the widely used Poisson model, events involving the emergence of new (and the disappearance of old) settlements on disjoint sites and time intervals are independent of each other, and the probability of two or more such events at one site is extremely small (the corresponding random variable is distributed according to Poisson's law). The purpose of this article is to familiarize the reader with the basic traditional principles of this approach, with the features of its methodology, current limits and possible new horizons for probabilistic modeling of historical settlement systems. To do this, our paper examines two studies, foreign and domestic, devoted to modeling the systems of historical settlement of different eras. In particular, it is pointed to the critical dependence of the approach, presented in these studies, on the scale and uniformity of the conditions of the territory under consideration. The way out of this situation is presented to the author of this paper by involving new types of data from historical sources for modeling, revising and rejecting unnecessary assumptions about the specific nature of the settlement process.
Chryseobacterium gleum: A Rare Pathogen from Respiratory Tract Infections- A Case Report
Authors: Kazi Mohammad Mukhit Abdul Gaffar , Gurav Gayatri S , Saraf Chinmay K , Bolegave Mangesh G , Shinde Sonam D
Published: April 2022

It is well known that Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) are a major concern in the field of medicine. The newer pathogens have been implicated as one of the causative agents in these infections. Recently our laboratory had reported a rare pathogen from a postoperative case admitted in the tertiary care hospital. The causative agent was a Gram negative bacillus, which was identified as Chryseobacterium gleum by automation method (VITEK 2 Biomeriux). This is a rare bacterium that was isolated from a respiratory specimen of a 32-year-old male who was involved in a road traffic accident. Repetitive culture was done followed by Gram stain and biochemical reactions and identified as Chryseobacterium gleum by automated system. It is interesting to study this bacterium for its virulence, habitat and source of infections. This is the second case report which has been reported as a causative agent in HAI as per our knowledge from India.
Clinical Profile and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with MalignancyA Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rao Chaitra , Parvathi M , Ravi K
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Patients with history of past or active malignancy are at increased risk of contracting the virus and developing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) related complications. With the global prevalence of cancer and the high transmissibility of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARSCoV-2), an understanding of the disease course of COVID-19 and factors influencing clinical outcomes in patients with cancer is necessary and is largely unknown. Aim: To study the laboratory characteristics of patients with malignancy and COVID-19 infection and to evaluate the outcomes in terms of clinical features, severity of infection and mortality of patients with malignancy and COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: The present study was a crosssectional study conducted at Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India after obtaining Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) clearance, involving 72 subjects with COVID-19 infection. The duration of the study was from April-November 2020. Demographic details and data were collected in patients with active or previous malignancy and COVID-19 illness based on Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) criteria. Clinical outcome of the patients was measured based on need for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, oxygen therapy and mortality. Descriptive statistics of the explanatory and outcome variables were calculated by mean, Standard Deviation (SD), median and Interquartile Range (IQR) for quantitative variables, frequency and proportions for qualitative variables. Inferential statistics like Chi-square test was applied for qualitative variables. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 52.10±14.512 years with 29 males, 43 females. Among 72 patients with malignancy, patients were classified as mild (23), moderate (22) and severe (27) according to ICMR case type respectively. Among the total patients, 21 (29.2%) were asymptomatic and 51 (70.8%) were symptomatic with 26 (36.1%) symptomatic patients having severe disease. Also, 30 (41.7%) had requirement of O2 and 28 (38.9%) were admitted to ICU. Most common was solid organ (66) lung carcinoma (13), breast (10), compared to haematological malignancies (6). A total of 22 (30.6%) patients had mortality with most common complication being Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) (20.8%) followed by sepsis (4.2%). Conclusion: The results of present study revealed higher mortality and increased inflammatory markers in patients with severe COVID-19 infection and malignancy.
Dry Fish Market Condition and Socio-economic Status of Dry Fish Retailer: A Survey Study in Noakhali, Bangladesh
Authors: Chandra Saha Rajan , Naher Rima Nazmun , Emdadul Haq Md , Sultana Tasnim
Published: April 2022

Background: Fish drying is very common in the entire coastal areas of Bangladesh and these dried fishes have demand both in domestic and international market though the people involved early in the production chain (fishing and drying) add relatively more value and make little profit. Present investigation gives an idea about the scenario of the dried fish market and livelihood pattern of dry fish seller in the Noakhali region, an important coastal region in southern part of Bangladesh.

Methodology: Twenty five retails shops from 12 markets under five upazilla of Noakhali district were surveyed for the study.

Results: Nineteen species of dried fish and 7 types of semi-fermented and salted fish were found in the dried fish market of study area. Most demanded species of dried fish were Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822), Trichiurus lepturus, Coilia dussumieri,and Apocryptes bato. Peak marketing season of dried fish was rainy season. The market share of freshwater fishes was found 79% and marine water fishes 21%. Average 40% of the retailer completed only the primary level of education. Forty eight percent retailer earn 200-500BDT, 44% earn 500-1000BDT and 8% earn more than 1000BDT daily. Only 4 dried fish retailers have alternative sources of income and 21 have no alternative sources of income. Three types of marketing channels were found in the dried fish market of Noakhali.

Conclusion: Several constraints were found in the dried fish market of Noakhali such as rapid damage of dry fishes, high transaction costs, lack of marketing infrastructure, transportation and storage facilities, etc.
Elasticity of Supply and Demand for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Cianjur District
Authors: Supriyadi Ari , Gumilar Iwang , Nurhayati Atikah , Anna Dan Zuzy
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the elasticity of supply and demand and analyze the factors that influence the elasticity of supply and demand for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Cianjur Regency. This research was conducted from July 2020 to January 2022. The method used is descriptive quantitative method using primary data and secondary data. The sampling technique used in this research is accidental sampling. The results showed that the elasticity of supply and demand for tilapia (O. niloticus) in Cianjur Regency was elastic, meaning that if there was a change in price it would increase the change in supply/demand exceeding the percentage increase in price and indicate that the factors that affect the elasticity of supply for tilapia (O. niloticus) are the number of consumers and the factors that affect the elasticity of demand for tilapia (O. niloticus) are the price of tilapia and per capita income.
How Poliomyelitis Eradication Interventions Have Affected the Knowledge, Attitudes and Uptake of Polio Vaccines among Nigerian Women
Authors: Onoja Ali Johnson , Babarinde James Dele , Sanni Felix Olaniyi , Babarinde Modupe Tabitha , Onoja Sheila Iye
Published: April 2022

Background: Immunization has been shown to be an effective technique for managing and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases, averting about two million deaths per year. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and uptake of polio vaccines among Nigerian women.

Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive design that involved applying an interviewer-administered questionnaire.

Place of study: The impact assessment was conducted in the 11 National Stop Transmission of Poliomyelitis Program (NSTOP) intervention states in two geopolitical zones of Northern Nigeria, Northwest and Northeast.

Methodology: A total of 2592 caregivers/mothers were interviewed from 262 households in the states. Data collections were done at households in all the intervention states in the two geopolitical zones. The data were analyzed with IBM-SPSS version 25.0.

Results: Mothers/caregivers showed high awareness of poliomyelitis vaccines (>99%). A significantly higher proportion (58.4%) of mothers from intervention states said the recent routine immunization section was less than a month ago than 45.7% of women in non-intervention states (P<.05). Mothers/caregivers' attitude to immunization was excellent as 98.8% said all children be fully vaccinated at 12 months. A higher proportion (96.6%) of women from the intervention regions said the time spent on vaccination is worth it than 93.8% of those without the interventions (P=.05). More mothers (95.5%) from the intervention areas have immunized their children within the last years than 91.7% of non-intervention mothers (P<.05). A significantly higher proportion of mothers from intervention regions (96.1%) said their children were immunized as scheduled than 94.4% of those from non-intervention areas (P<.05).

Conclusion: Given its success thus far, it is recommended that the NSTOP program be sustained and, if possible, expanded geographically to cover the entire country when resources permit. This step will help keep polio permanently out of the country and reduce mortality among under-five children.
Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Gongronema latifolium (Bush Buck) on the Reproductive System of Male Albino Rats
Authors: Effiong Grace Sylvester , Odeghe Othuke Bensandy , Ebe Nse Udoka , Enidiok Sunday Edet , Luke Uduak Onofiok , Nwuzor Emmanuel Onyi , Enidiok Esther Sunday
Published: April 2022

Medicinal plants are plants used for medicinal purposes and are commonly used in treating and preventing specific ailments and diseases that are generally considered to be harmful to humans. Gongronema latifolium is a well-known plant that is beneficial in preventing and treating certain diseases and ailment due to their phytochemical constituents. This study evaluates the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium on the reproductive system of male Albino rats using standard methods. Twenty-five male rats equally divided into five groups and five female rats were used. Group I and 2…. .II served as the Normal and Positive controls and were orally administered with distilled water and subcutaneously standard drug; testosterone respectively. The other three groups were orally treated with Gongronema latifolium extract at low, middle and high dosage (200,300 and 400ml/kg body weight) respectively. After 7 days of treatment, the female rats were introduced into the male cages in the ratio 1:1 (male: female) to ascertain for the different aphrodisiac parameters. Treatment continued for another 7 days after which the male animals were sacrificed and blood samples collected for hormonal assay. Results showed that all the aphrodisiac frequencies had a significant increase (p≤0.001) in mounting frequency, intromission frequency and penile erectile frequency when compared with the controls while the mounting latency, intromission latency, ejaculatory latency and penile erectile latency were significantly reduced (p≤0.001) in comparison with the controls in this study. Most of the reproductive hormones were significantly increased (p≤0.001) in the extract treatment group when compared to the controls. Thus, this study suggests that the crude leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium may possess aphrodisiac properties and consequently on the reproductive system.
Evaluation of In vitro Activity of Antimicrobial Potential and Phytochemical Screening of Methanol Extract of Curcuma longa Linn against Some Clinical Isolates
Authors: Maduakor U. C. , Onuora C. L. , Okonkwo I. N. , Maduakor C. J.
Published: April 2022

Since ancient times, plants have been used as a source of medicinal compounds. This study was carried out to assess the antimicrobial potential of the methanol extract of Curcuma longa rhizome against some clinical isolates. A total of seven clinical isolates including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium species were used. Different concentrations of the extracts were made. Agar well diffusion methods were used for bacterial and Candida albicans while agar dilution technique was used for the mold strains. Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole were used as a standard positive control against the bacteria and fungi respectively. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a negative control. The result showed that methanol extract of Curcuma longa rhizome inhibited the growth of all tested organisms. The zone of inhibition of K. pneumoniae ranged from 9.33-13.33mm, S. aureus, 6.33-12.67mm, E. coli, 8- 11.67mm, P. aeruginosa, 7.67-10mm, and Candida albicans 8.33-13mm while the control drug Ciprofloxacin ranged from 25.33-41.33mm and fluconazole was 20mm. The percentage inhibition of diameter of growth of Fusarium spp ranged from 74.61-100% and that of A. flavus ranged from 32.44-100%. The positive control drug (Fluconazole) and 250mg/ml of the extract showed complete inhibition of the test organisms. Qualitative phytochemical studies of the extract of Curcuma longa in different solvents (N-hexane, water, methanol, and acetone) showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, glycosides, and flavonoids. This result is indicative of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential and could be employed in the management and treatment of infections. This study corroborates the plant's historic use and lays the groundwork for potential therapeutic development.
Epidemiology of Late Blight of Potato, Its Progress and Apparent Rate of Infection
Authors: Dey S. , Chakraborty A. , Adhikary N. K.
Published: April 2022

Late blight of potato caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most destructive diseases of potato world over. The devastation of the disease is very much related with climatic factors like temperature, relative humidity, fog or dew deposition and also sunshine hours. An experiment was conducted in Indo-Gangetic plains of West Bengal to know the effect of weather parameters on initiation and severity of the disease as well as progress and pattern of development of disease which will ultimately help to develop the effective spray schedule to manage the disease. From the experiment it is observed that 7 days prior to first appearance of late blight disease of potato the average maximum and minimum temperature varied between 24-26˚C and 7-8˚C respectively; average maximum and minimum relative humidity varied between 90-93% and 41-44% respectively; average sunshine hours per day varied between 6-8 hours. Correlation study of late blight disease severity with different weather parameters were also carried out. Maximum and minimum temperature as well as maximum and minimum relative humidity found to be positively correlated with late blight disease build up. While sunshine hour found to be negatively correlated with the disease build up. But only minimum temperature was significant at 0.01 level in all the planting dates and maximum temperature was significant at 0.01 level in two dates of planting. Apparent rate of infection of the disease and area under disease progress curve were calculated for different planting dates of potato. From the results it is evident that late blight of potato progressed almost in an exponential fashion starting from its first appearance. As the crop approached towards maturity and weather became unfavourable for the pathogen the rate of progress declined. This may be due to non-availability of healthy tissue.
Elimination Study of Anionic Dye by Co-products of the Phosphate Industry: Kinetics and Thermodynamic
Authors: Mehnaoui Mohammed , Hidouri Mustapha , Boughzalaa Khaled
Published: April 2022

Water is essential for all living things however its pain has become serious. Many industrial activities cause pollution by the release of polluting byproducts. Wastewater treatment is hence necessary. In this context, the wastewater of the textile industry containing Red Acid 52 was treated by the solid waste of the washed natural phosphate byproduct. Natural phosphate was also studied. The solid materials were first characterized by chemical analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The phosphate materials were after that, tested in the adsorption of the Red Acid 52. The experimental data indicated that the phosphate waste rock allowed the removal of Red Acid 52. Its maximum retention capacity attained 18.4 mg.g-1. Calcinations of materials inhibit the removal capacity found reduced by 60 to 70%. The adsorption kinetics of the Red Acid 52 on the material is well described by the pseudo-second-order model while the adsorption isotherms are identified by the Langmuir model. Hereafter, the thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. The obtained results indicated that the adsorbent has the best adsorption capacity of 18.4 mg.g-1. The removal quantity decreases when the adsorbent is calcined. The kinetics model most appropriate is the pseudo-second-order model. As for the adsorption isotherms, they are well described by the Langmuir model. The temperature effect indicates a decrease in the adsorbed amount with the increase of temperature. Furthermore, the adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic and the reaction is physical in nature for both materials.
Cerebral Palsy among Children Seen in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: Aetiologies and Comorbidities
Authors: Gabriel-Job N. , Frank-Briggs A. I. , Douglas S.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common neurologic disorder, particularly in the developing countries where the aetiological factors are preventable. The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of Cerebral palsy among children in Port Harcourt.

Methods: A one year retrospective descriptive study of patients seen in the Paediatrics Neurology clinic with a diagnosis of Cerebral palsy was done. Demographics, medical history, examination and investigation findings were obtained from the Patients’ medical records.

Results: A total of 111 children with CP were seen in the clinic from 2020 – 2021. There were 75 (67.6%) males and 36 (32.4%) females giving a male to female ratio of 2:1. Their ages ranged from 6 months to 12 years with a mean age of 3.4 ± 1.9 years at presentation. Birth asphyxia 56(50.1%), bilirubin encephalopathy 22(19.8%) and neonatal infections 8 (7.2%) were the leading cause of CP. The commonest subtype of CP was spastic quadriplegia in 68 (61.3%) of them. Microcephaly (26.7%), seizure disorder (24%) and speech impairment (16.0%) were the commonest observed comorbidities.

Conclusion: CP is still prevalent in Port Harcourt. Preventable causes remain the leading culprit. Modalities to prevent birth asphyxia and bilirubin encephalopathy in our community will reduce the incidence of CP.
Nafamostat Mesylate in the Prevention of Post-endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography Pancreatitis: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Mirghani Hyder Osman , Hussien Abdelwahab Hassan Abdelwahab , Atawi Abdullah Suliman Al
Published: April 2022

Previous evidence from observational studies showed that Nafamostat mesylate (NM) was effective in post-ERCP pancreatitis prevention. We aimed to assess full-text prospective studies on the role of NM in post-ERCP pancreatitis prevention. We searched the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles during the period from 2009 to November 2020 and updated on March 2022. No restriction regarding the language of publication. The keywords nafamostat mesylate, post-ERCP pancreatitis, prevention, and role were used. A total of 113 studies were identified through the database search, and eight studies (all were published in Asia) met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. There were five control trials (four randomized and one comparative) and three case-control studies, (3186 patients included. In the present meta-analysis, seven studies concluded the benefit of nafamostat mesylate in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis, and one showed no benefit. The overall effect was highly significant, odd ratio, 0.51, 95%CI=0.38-0.70, P-value=0.0001, heterogeneity=0.17%, P-value for heterogeneity=0.30, I2=17%. Nafamostat mesylate might be effective in post-ERCP pancreatitis prevention. Larger randomize multi-center studies investigating the effectiveness in combination with other preventive measures are needed.
Unconventional Spin Pumping and Magnetic Damping in an Insulating Compensated Ferrimagnet
Authors: Li Yan , Zheng Dongxing , Fang Bin , Liu Chen , Zhang Chenhui , Chen Aitian , Ma Yinchang , Shen Ka , Liu Haoliang , Manchon Aurélien , Zhang Xixiang
Published: April 2022

Recently, the interest in spin pumping (SP) has escalated from ferromagnets into antiferromagnetic systems, potentially enabling fundamental physics and magnonic applications. Compensated ferrimagnets are considered alternative platforms for bridging ferro‐ and antiferromagnets, but their SP and the associated magnetic damping have been largely overlooked so far despite their seminal importance for magnonics. Herein, an unconventional SP together with magnetic damping in an insulating compensated ferrimagnet Gd3Fe5O12 (GdIG) is reported. Remarkably, the divergence of the nonlocal effective magnetic damping induced by SP close to the compensation temperature in GdIG/Cu/Pt heterostructures is identified unambiguously. Furthermore, the coherent and incoherent spin currents, generated by SP and the spin Seebeck effect, respectively, undergo a distinct direction change with the variation of temperature. The physical mechanisms underlying these observations are self‐consistently clarified by the ferrimagnetic counterpart of SP and the handedness‐related spin‐wave spectra. The findings broaden the conventional paradigm of the ferromagnetic SP model and open new opportunities for exploring the ferrimagnetic magnonic devices.
Highly Stable Halide‐Electrolyte‐Based All‐Solid‐State Li–Se Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaona , Liang Jianwen , Kim Jung Tae , Fu Jiamin , Duan Hui , Chen Ning , Li Ruying , Zhao Shangqian , Wang Jiantao , Huang Huan , Sun Xueliang
Published: April 2022

Solid‐state Li–S and Li–Se batteries are promising devices that can address the safety and electrochemical stability issues that arise from liquid‐based systems. However, solid‐state Li–Se/S batteries usually present poor cycling stability due to the high resistance interfaces and decomposition of solid electrolytes caused by their narrow electrochemical stability windows. Here, an integrated solid‐state Li–Se battery based on a halide Li3HoCl6 solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity is presented. The intrinsic wide electrochemical stability window of the Li3HoCl6 and its stability toward Se and the lithiated species effectively inhibit degeneration of the electrolyte and the Se cathode by suppressing side reactions. The inherent thermodynamic mechanism of the lithiation/delithiation process of the Se cathode in solid is also revealed and confirmed by theoretical calculations. The battery achieves a reversible capacity of 402 mAh g−1 after 750 cycles. The electrochemical performance, thermodynamic lithiation/delithiation mechanism, and stability of metal‐halide‐based Li–Se batteries confer theoretical study and practical applicability that extends to other energy‐storage systems.
Strain Release in GaN Epitaxy on 4° Off‐Axis 4H‐SiC
Authors: Feng Sirui , Zheng Zheyang , Cheng Yan , Ng Yat Hon , Song Wenjie , Chen Tao , Zhang Li , Liu Kai , Cheng Kai , Chen Kevin J.
Published: April 2022

A hybrid field‐effect transistor (HyFET), superior for power electronic applications, can be created by harnessing the merits of two representative wide‐bandgap semiconductors, gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC). Yet, the incompactness in the epitaxy techniques hinders the development of the HyFET—GaN is usually grown on on‐axis foreign substrates including SiC, whereas SiC homoepitaxy prefers off‐axis substrates. This work presents a GaN‐based heterostructure epitaxially grown on a conventional 4° off‐axis 4H‐SiC substrate, which manifests its high quality and suitability for constructing GaN‐based high‐electron‐mobility transistors, thereby suggesting a practical approach to realizing HyFETs. In the meanwhile, a distinct two‐step biaxial strain‐relaxation process is proposed and studied with comprehensive characterizations.
Facile, Energy‐Efficient Microscale Fibrillation of Polyacrylamides under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Cruz Menandro V. , Shah Darshil U. , Warner Nina C. , McCune Jade A. , Scherman Oren A.
Published: April 2022

Insight into fiber formation can provide new rationale for the design and preparation of fibers with programmed mechanical properties. While synthetic bioinspired fibers have shown impressive tensile properties, the fiber formation process remains poorly understood. Moreover, these systems are highly complex and their formation is environmentally and economically costly. Controlled fiber formation under ambient conditions from polyacrylamide solutions with properties comparable to natural fibers such as wool and coir is demonstrated. Photopolymerization and subsequent microscale fibrillation of different acrylamides in water/ethanol mixtures yield a simple and energy‐efficient route to fiber formation. This strategy reduces required processing energy by two‐to‐three orders of magnitude. Through extensive experimental elucidation, insight into precise fiber forming conditions of polymeric solutions is achieved. Ethanol is utilized as a chain transfer agent to control the molecular weight of the polyacrylamides, and the entanglement regimes of the solutions are determined through rheological characterization showing fiber formation above the entanglement concentration. Unique from previously reported hydrogel microfibers, it is shown that fibers with good mechanical properties can be obtained without the need for composites or crosslinkers. The reported approach offers a platform for fiber formation under ambient conditions with molecular‐level understanding of their assembly.
Pseudo‐Planar Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics with Optimized Light Utilization for Printable Solar Windows
Authors: Liu Siqi , Li Haojie , Wu Xueting , Chen Dong , Zhang Lin , Meng Xiangchuan , Tan Licheng , Hu Xiaotian , Chen Yiwang
Published: April 2022

The existing conformation of the active layer is defective for employment of semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) in solar windows. Herein, scalable solar windows are successfully printed by introducing a pseudo‐planar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure. The PPHJ structure can effectively improve the average visible transmittance (AVT) value while boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of semitransparent devices due to the reduced optical loss. The universality of the PPHJ structure in the preparation of ST‐OSCs is proved. Furthermore, an inset of a superhydrophobic patterned soft insertion layer (PSIL) in the encapsulated window improves the waterproof performance without losing transparency. Accordingly, the semitransparent devices based on the 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2″,3″:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (Y6) system afford a maximal efficiency of 14.62%, with a considerable AVT of 20.42%, and the resultant solar windows achieve a stabilized efficiency of 13.34% with excellent waterproof performance. Moreover, the PCE of the unilateral broken solar windows retains 70.6% of the initial efficiency after being placed under simulated rainfall conditions for 1200 h at room temperature.
Effects of formalin preservation on egg size of small pelagic fish as major target species in ichthyoplankton surveys
Authors: Nyuji Mitsuo , Yoneda Michio , Nakamura Masahiro , Watai Mikio , Yasuda Tohya , Takasuka Akinori
Published: April 2022

Preservation is critical for egg and larval samples from ichthyoplankton surveys. As growing interest is directed toward maternal effects on egg quality, historical collections of egg samples in formalin are potentially invaluable materials but concerns about the effects of formalin preservation need to be clarified. The present study examined effects of formalin preservation on egg size of Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus, chub mackerel Scomber japonicus and Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus over a long period (30–36 months). Overall, the egg sizes slightly decreased in a couple of months after preservation but then recovered to be at a similar level to the live eggs for diameters of spherical eggs of sardine and mackerel and short diameters of ellipsoidal eggs of anchovy, although a caveat lies in unstable and slightly increasing patterns in long diameters of anchovy eggs. No substantial differences were found between 5% and 10% formalin solutions. For practical purposes, we conclude that no correction factors are required for using the measurements of egg samples preserved in formalin over a long period. Assuming the applicability to congeneric species, the information presented here supports the validity of previous studies and will promote future studies on egg size variability in small pelagic fish based on historical collections of egg samples preserved in formalin in various regions of the world.
Facilitated propylene transport in mixed matrix membranes containing ZIF‐8@Agmim core‐shell hybrid material
Authors: Feng Xiaoquan , Peng Donglai , Shan Meixia , Niu Xinpu , Zhang Yatao
Published: April 2022

The ZIF‐8@Agmim core‐shell hybrid material was synthesized via a favorable post‐modification method of ion exchange (PMIE). This infrequent ZIF‐8@Agmim core‐shell structure maintains a well‐integrated pore size that is almost the same as ZIF‐8. The similar equilibrium isotherms with ZIF‐8 and better kinetic separation toward propylene/propane than ZIF‐8 render ZIF‐8@Agmim to be an interesting candidate for propylene/propane separation. The core‐shell hybrid nanomaterial was further used as nanofillers in the polymer of intrinsic microporosity matrix (PIM‐1) for propylene/propane separation. The resultant mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) exhibited a simultaneous increase in C3H6 permeability and C3H6/C3H8 ideal selectivity compared to pure polymer membrane owing to a synergistic effect of molecular sieving from ZIF‐8 and π‐complexation of Ag+ with propylene. The separation performance of the prepared MMM surpasses the upper bound line of polymer membranes. Furthermore, the hybrid materials possess superb photochemical stability and the corresponding MMMs exhibit excellent anti‐aging property and long‐term stability.
Ion‐“distillation” for isolating lithium from lake brine
Authors: Jiang Chenxiao , Chen Binglun , Xu Ziang , Li Xingya , Wang Yaoming , Ge Liang , Xu Tongwen
Published: April 2022

Lithium demands increase dramatically and make it highly attractive to develop advanced ion separation technology/material. However, high Mg2+/Li+ ratio impedes the extraction due to the difficulties in separation of the two ions. Here, we propose an ion‐“distillation” technology based on electro‐membrane stacking for the extraction of Li+ from lake brine (Mg2+/Li+ ratio: 31.58). This technology employs commercially available monovalent ion‐selective membranes, and ions are driven by electric. Using the four‐stage ion‐“distillation” technology, selectivity values of 26,177 and 27,000 are achieved between Li+ and Mg2+ and between Cl− and SO42−, respectively. The electro‐stripping mechanism when monovalent ion migrating across the membranes probably magnitude the Li+ selectivity, which is higher than the other reported values in the literature for membrane processes, and the purity of the final LiCl product is greater than battery grade (99.95%). The proposed process can potentially be applied in efficient ion fractionation and special separations.
Germline mosaicism of a missense variant in KCNC2 in a multiplex family with autism and epilepsy characterized by long‐read sequencing
Authors: Mehinovic Elvisa , Gray Teddi , Campbell Meghan , Ekholm Jenny , Wenger Aaron , Rowell William , Grudo Ari , Grimwood Jane , Korlach Jonas , Gurnett Christina , Constantino John N. , Turner Tychele N.
Published: April 2022

Currently, protein‐coding de novo variants and large copy number variants have been identified as important for ~30% of individuals with autism. One approach to identify relevant variation in individuals who lack these types of events is by utilizing newer genomic technologies. In this study, highly accurate PacBio HiFi long‐read sequencing was applied to a family with autism, epileptic encephalopathy, cognitive impairment, and mild dysmorphic features (two affected female siblings, unaffected parents, and one unaffected male sibling) with no known clinical variant. From our long‐read sequencing data, a de novo missense variant in the KCNC2 gene (encodes Kv3.2) was identified in both affected children. This variant was phased to the paternal chromosome of origin and is likely a germline mosaic. In silico assessment revealed the variant was not in controls, highly conserved, and predicted damaging. This specific missense variant (Val473Ala) has been shown in both an ortholog and paralog of Kv3.2 to accelerate current decay, shift the voltage dependence of activation, and prevent the channel from entering a long‐lasting open state. Seven additional missense variants have been identified in other individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (p = 1.03 × 10−5). KCNC2 is most highly expressed in the brain; in particular, in the thalamus and is enriched in GABAergic neurons. Long‐read sequencing was useful in discovering the relevant variant in this family with autism that had remained a mystery for several years and will potentially have great benefits in the clinic once it is widely available.