bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Characterization, Toxicological Evaluation, and Biological Activities of Phenolics Fractions from Chromoleana Odorata: A Subacute Toxicity Study
Authors: Fagbohun Bushirat Oyenike , Unuata Ojochenemi Nora , Enogela Aaron Bawala , Adewuyi Hassan Abdulsalam , Jonathan Ibrahim , Gyang Dalyop Daniel , Adio Waheed Sakariyau , Oluwatoyin Adebimpe Hameedah , Mohamed Usman Abiola , Ogar Ochonung Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

Background: Chromoleana odorata (Astrceaea) is commonly used in folklore traditional medicine for the management of various ailments. The present study evaluated the antioxidant, antimicrobial and safety properties of the Phenolic extracts of C. odorata in male Wister rats.
Methods: Quantitative phytochemicals components of C. odorata were determined according to standard protocols described by AOAC, the Phenols extract was subjected to antibacterial study via agar well diffusion method, and antioxidant study using 2, 2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant properties (FRAP) assays. Acute toxicity were carried out by standard protocols described by lorkes methods, subacute toxicity were carried out by the oral administration of the extract at a daily dose of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg for 14 days.
Results: Phytochemical analysis of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts revealed an impressive array of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenols, with phenols being the most abundant (261.34±1.07a and 171.45±0.91b). The phenolic extract produced significant antioxidants activities with IC50 of 45.07±0.77µg/mL & 55.08±0.80 μg/mL in DPPH and FRAP models respectively. The extracts antioxidant and reducing power activity increased with concentration, reaching a maximum of 96.44% and 81.88% at 100 µg/mL. The phenol extract demonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and MRSA, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 12.5 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml. Notably, the zones of inhibition increased with increasing concentration, reaching up to 25.6 mm at 100 mg/ml. In comparison, the control antibiotics (Gentamycin, Pefloxacin, Sperfloxacin, and Streptomycin) showed superior efficacy. Acute toxicity testing indicates a relatively low LD50 of approximately 1000 mg/kg bw, suggesting safety. Subacute toxicity studies reveal increased AST activity and decreased creatinine and bilirubin levels, with no significant changes in other parameters. Additionally, the treated groups showed no significant variations in body weight gain and organ weight ratios relative to body weight, compared to the control group.
Conclusions: The phenolic extract of Chromolaena odorata exhibits promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, coupled with relatively low toxicity. These findings suggest its potential as a candidate agent for antimicrobial drug development and antioxidant capacity enhancement applications.
Optimizing Voltage for Effective X-ray Computed Tomography Scan: A Study on Varied Soil Bulk Densities and Container Sizes
Authors: Singh Jagdeep , Shmatok Andrii , Sanz-Saez Alvaro , Brown Steve , Koebernick Jenny , Prorok Barton C. , Bartley Paul C.
Published: October 2024

Numerous studies have highlighted the role of X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) in understanding root architecture. Nevertheless, setting definitive scanning parameters for diverse soils in varied container sizes remains challenging. This study investigates the influence of X-ray CT system voltage on the penetration capability in diverse soils and container sizes, focusing on two key parameters: (1) gray values, which indicate X-ray attenuation and contribute to image contrast, and (2) signal-to-noise ratio, a measure of image clarity. Five soil samples were collected from various depths within a soil profile to encompass bulk density values ranging from 1.34 to 1.84 g·cm−3 to conduct the experiment. Containers with dimensions of 6 × 6 × 6 cm³, 8 × 8 × 6 cm³, 10 × 10 × 6 cm³, 12 × 12 × 6 cm³, 14 × 14 × 6 cm³, and 16 × 16 × 6 cm³ were used. Voltage levels spanning 75 to 225 kV, in 25-kV increments, were applied to each sample. The observed gray values of the X-ray images were fitted using a logistic model of three parameters. Results showed that increasing voltage leads to enhanced penetration up to a plateau point, irrespective of soil density or container size. This plateau could potentially yield higher quality scans, given that lower voltages result in subdued gray values and reduced image contrast. Notably, it was observed that soil properties, including mineral composition, directly affect image gray values. This study established optimal voltage settings for specific soil types at fixed densities, offering valuable insights for researchers investigating soil–root interactions. Although the current findings are based on five soils, a more extensive sampling encompassing diverse soil textures and densities is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of X-ray penetration behavior across various soil types.
A REVIEW ON HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES USING VARIOUS ENERGY STORAGE: A MODERN APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Authors: D. Upadhaya  , G. Roy  , P. Das  , S. Ghosh  , S. Sarkar  , S. Das  , S. Shit  , R. Halder  , S. Bhattacharya  , K. Ghosh  , A. Mondal
Published: October 2024

Climate change, diminishing reserves of fossil fuels, and energy security demand alternatives to our current course of energy usage and consumption. Energy storage technology has become an enabling technology for renewable energy applications and enhancing power quality in the transmission and distribution power systems. There are various types of energy storage technology are present nowadays, including compressed air energy storage(CAES), flywheel energy storage(FES), pumped hydro energy storage(PHES), battery energy storage(BES), flow battery energy storage(FBES), super conducting magnetic energy storage(SMES), super capacitor energy storage(SCES), hydrogen energy storage, synthetic fuels, and thermal energy storage(TES) and today’s one of the most talked technology using these Energy storage system is Electric Vehicles. Electric vehicles are superior to internal combustion engines (ICE) in efficiency, endurance, durability, acceleration capability and simplicity. Also, they can recover some energy during regenerative braking and they are also friendly with the environment. There are now four types of electric cars: battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). And there are three charging methods for electric vehicles, namely conductive, inductive, and battery exchange. This paper will show a detail study of different energy storage systems’ characteristics with their suitability as a storage unit of Electric vehicle.
भारत के आर्थिक विकास में रेल परिवहन का योगदान
Authors: डॉ. राधेश्याम साहू
Published: October 2024

भारतीय रेलवे को भारत की जीवन रेखा माना जाता है, भारतीय रेल बड़े पैमाने पर माल की आवाजाही के साथ-साथ लंबी दूरी की यात्रा के लिए परिवहन का एक आदर्श एवं महत्वपूर्ण साधन भी है। आज की प्रौद्योगिकी की दुनिया में वैश्विक स्तर पर हो रहे तकनीकी बदलाव को अपनाना और उन्हें लागू करके उपभोक्ताओं को समय की आवश्यकता के साथ-साथ आधुनिक मांग भी है। भारतीय रेलवे के संदर्भ में यह व्यापक रूप से ज्ञात है, और सार्वभौमिक रूप से मान्यता प्राप्त भी है कि वैश्विक रेल शिखरों में भारतीय रेलवे का एक अद्वितीय स्थान है। भारतीय रेल परिवहन न केवल आर्थिक विकास के आधार - मॉडल के रूप में काम करती है, बल्कि यह विभिन्न सामाजिक और राष्ट्रीय उद्देश्यों को पूरा करने के उपकरणों के रूप में भी काम कर रही है। भारतीय रेलवे अपने सामाजिक उत्तरदायित्वों के साथ-साथ आत्मनिर्भरता की ओर आगे बढ़ रही है। चूंकि भारतीय रेल, परिवहन का एक महत्वपूर्ण साधन है, इसलिए भारत के आर्थिक विकास को गति प्रदान करने में यह महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है। भारत में रेल परिवहन का एक महत्वपूर्ण कार्य मानव सभ्यता को विकसित करना भी है क्योंकि इस परिवहन के माध्यम से जन-समुदाय विशाल क्षेत्रों में अंतर्निहित निश्चितताओं से अपनी आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करते हैं, और इसके साथ ही साथ अपने कौशल और दक्षता को विकसित करते हैं। आर्थिक लाभ प्राप्त करने के अवसर भी सृजित होते हैं। भारतीय रेल परिवहन का समाज के आर्थिक विकास में महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है, जो समाज के जीवन स्तर को उच्च बनाए रखने के लिए और भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था के संचालन और आर्थिक विकास के लिए परिवहन व्यवस्था की रीढ़ के रूप में काम करके एक अद्वितीय पहचान बना रहा है।
LEGAL ASSISTANCE FOR MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES
Authors: Kiruthika E.  , Ranjith C.  , Kirubananthan E.  , Manoj Kannan L.  , Praveen A.
Published: October 2024

To address the major obstacles that rural residents and members of minority communities have in obtaining essential legal information. By giving underprivileged populations access to a user-friendly, multilingual, and culturally aware chatbot platform, we hope to empower them. Through the application of sophisticated Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology and an extensive legal library, the chatbot is engineered to provide customized legal advice that is specific to the rights, responsibilities, and legal procedures that are pertinent to the distinct communities. We have integrated community feedback tools into our platform to continuously enhance relevance and accuracy.
APPLICATION OF GEOGEBRA IN TEACHING CLOSURE POINTS IN METRIC SPACES
Authors: Umalaxmi Patne
Published: October 2024

Educational software has revolutionized teaching and research methodologies across various levels of education. Whether it's creating interactive worksheets, developing simulations, conducting data analysis, or facilitating collaborative projects, software tools have become integral to modern teaching and research practices. GeoGebra has emerged as one such significant tool, particularly in the fields of mathematics and science. In this paper, we will see the application of GeoGebra to teach basic concepts of closure points in metric spaces.
HOW DALITS AND MUSLIMS VOTED IN THE 2024 INDIAN LOK SABHA ELECTION
Authors: Sharang R. Mundhe
Published: October 2024

On 4th June 2024 results were declared for 18 Lok Sabha elections in India. Elections have always been highly celebrated in India. India’s varied diversity makes the Indian election very complex yet curious. In Indian elections religion, caste, ethnicity, topography, and languages play a very dominant role. The kind of extravaganza circus that takes place in India to hold and fight elections is nowhere seen in the world. In the 2024 Lok Sabha elections India witnessed swings in voting patterns, especially in the Dalit community. Along with this, Muslim representation decreased in the parliament with just 24 MPs (Member of Parliament). This paper is all about how and why Dalit community votes flocked towards the opposition parties and whether there was any strong consolidation of votes in Muslim confraternity.
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON VACCINE HESITANCY: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Samhitha Kolapalli
Published: October 2024

This research paper contains information on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the rise in vaccine reluctance. To conduct this research, a variety of peer-reviewed journal articles and sources from highly reputable authors were used, and qualitative data was used to inform the analysis and discussion. Understanding this relationship is crucial for mitigating the spread of deadly diseases in the future. The research identifies three primary factors contributing to the rise in vaccine reluctance: (i) the rapid development of vaccines; (ii) concerns about side effects; and (iii) a lack of access. Insights from this study can help scientists, researchers, and doctors develop better strategies for vaccine deployment, ensuring a more positive public response.
A REVIEW OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY FOR FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: Rajni Chaudhary  , Usha Sharma
Published: October 2024

Purpose – This study's goal is to analyze working capital management bibliometrically. This research covers the nation's scientific output between 2003 and 2024, including the quantity of articles published, the most influential papers, the most creative authors, and the most influential journals. In addition, one of the study's goals has been to identify gaps by utilizing various keywords.
Design/ Methodology- The study found 125 documents that were obtained from the Scopus database and analyzed bibliometrically using VosViewer and R-Studio.
Findings-  With 23 publications, 2023 was the most productive year. Ahsan and Minhas Akbar were the most creative writers during that time. United Kingdom ranked first among influential countries, with 258 citations, followed by the Portugal . The publication that received the most citations was "Is Working Capital Management Value: enhancing Evidence from firm performance." In addition, the writers discovered that there was no keyword linkage to identify the research gap.
Research implication- It provided guidance on the present status of the study to upcoming researchers and business owners.
THE IMPACT OF THE PRINT MEDIA ON VOTER BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Simma Appannamma
Published: October 2024

Print media has long been recognised as a significant influencer of voter behaviour, shaping public opinion through news coverage, editorials and investigative journalism, this paper examines the role of print media in democratic societies, exploring how news papers and magazines impact voter decisions during electoral cycles. The print media not only provides news but also offers interpretations by intellectuals.The print media publish deep analysis of various topics by intellectuals who possess profound knowledge of particular subjects. Through such articles and publications, people gain insights that can influence their thoughts to either support or oppose the government. Through selective reporting and editorial stances, print media can influence voter perceptions and priorities. overall, while the influence of print media has evolved, its role in shaping voter behaviour through information dissemination, agenda setting and opinion formation remains substantial.
BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS & SOCIAL MEDIA: TO WHAT EXTENT DOES CONTENT CONSUMPTION ON INSTAGRAM REELS AFFECT CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AND SPENDING PATTERNS FOR GEN-ZS?
Authors: Aanya Patel
Published: October 2024

This research explores the impact of Instagram Reels on consumer behavior and spending patterns, particularly within the Gen-Z demographic. The study hypothesizes that Gen-Z, being more active on Instagram, would spend more on products advertised through the platform compared to older generations. A survey was conducted, targeting two groups: those who primarily use Instagram and allocate more of their budget to purchases rather than savings, and those who do not. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, the survey results indicated that older demographics, such as Millennials and beyond, were more likely to purchase items advertised on Instagram, particularly clothes, accessories, and shoes. The study utilizes theories from behavioral economics, including Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Nudge Theory, and the theory of Bounded Rationality, to explain consumer choices. However, these theories fall short in accounting for the diverse and unique behaviors of individual consumers. The findings suggest that while Gen-Z engages heavily with Instagram content, it is the older users who are more susceptible to the platform's advertisements. The study highlights the complexity of consumer behavior and the limitations of existing economic theories in predicting spending patterns influenced by social media.
HEALTH PROFILE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE OF THE COASTAL BELT: INSIGHT FROM VIZHINJAM KERALA
Authors: Saji M
Published: October 2024

The Purpose of the study is to asses the extent of health condition of the coastal belt and underscoring the need for continuous monitoring and addressing the potential communicable disease concern. For this study fishing village Vizhinjam has been taken. Out of twenty wards, one fishing ward has been randomly chosen and from this ward fifty fishermen Households were selected through random lottery method. The study proves that poor health performance of this community vis a vis general rosy picture of the state. It is suggested that Environmental Hygiene is identified as an important component of preventive Social work.
“યુવા બેરોજગારી ની સમસ્યાઓ” ગુજરાત રાજ્યના શિક્ષિત બેરોજગાર યુવાનોનો સામાજિક કાનૂની અભ્યાસ
Authors: રિઝવાણી પિન્કી અશોકકુમાર  , ડૉ. ઉદય દેશપાંડેય
Published: October 2024

“યુવા બેરોજગારી ની સમસ્યાઓ” ગુજરાત રાજ્યના શિક્ષિત બેરોજગાર યુવાનોનો સામાજિક કાનૂની અભ્યાસ
GENERATION, GENDER AND CIRCULAR CONSUMPTION: AN EXPLORATION OF THE BEHAVIOR OF URBAN INDIAN YOUTH
Authors: Anindita Roy Saha  , Garima Gupta
Published: October 2024

The global focus on circular economy transition is predominantly centred on manufacturing and business while the third crucial component of consumption is often ignored. Circular consumption provides the complementary looping actions through reducing consumption, reusing and purchasing recycled and refurbished products, adapting to new lifestyles, sharing product services, substituting to local products and so on. The present study explores the consumer behaviour of the urban Indian youth in light of the above and attempts to estimate their readiness for the circular economy transition. As a generation who will steer the journey to a sustainable future, their environmental attitude, purchase intention, social commitment etc. are important drivers of change. The study finds that the millennials and post-millennials of urban India form a homogenous cluster across age and gender groups and collectively reveal significant environmental awareness, pro-environmental behaviour, adaptation intention, willingness to pay and preparedness for change through circular consumption patterns.
THE CONTEMPORARY ADAPTATION OF “SGANARELLE OF MOLIÈRE AT KC MELTING POT BY NICOLE H. PERSLEY”
Authors: Dr. Sahil Suman
Published: October 2024

Sganarelle or The Imaginary Cocu is a comedy in verse in one act by Molière. It premiered on May 28, 1660 at the Théâtre du Petit-Bourbon in Paris to great success. The premise is ridiculous, that's the point. And even more ridiculous than Molière's original plot is the idea that the producers and directors in the world of this play thought would be a reasonable basis for a reality show, and especially one featuring an all-black cast . By far the most engaging part of the piece is when the "actors" take a break from filming to discuss how absurd this is and how it reflects broader issues of systemic racism in television and film
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AS A PREDICTOR OF SELF ACTUALIZATION-A REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Dr. Sheeja Thomas
Published: October 2024

The present research was undertaken to find out the contribution of Emotional Intelligence in predicting self actualization.The sample for the study comprised of 100 secondary school teachers selected randomly from the various secondary schools situated in Durg,Bhilai and Raipur cities of Chhattisgarh..The schools for the study were also randomly selected.The tool used for the study were Emotional Intelligence scale (EIS) developed and standardised by the researcher and the self actualization inventory(SEAI)by Dr.K N Sharma.Simple Linear regression analysis results revealed that 30% of the variance in the dependent variable self actualization was explained by the independent variable Emotional Intelligence.
The Moderating Effect of Competition on The Leverage-Performance Relation: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Le Hoa Tuyet  , Le Tan Nghiem  , Le Khuong Ninh
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the moderating effect of competition on the relationship between financial leverage and firm performance in Vietnam. Using a dataset created out of 352 firms listed on Vietnam’s stock exchanges in 2015–2019, this paper estimates both the leverage-performance relation and the dependence of this nexus on market competition. The two-step system generalised method of moments is used to tackle the endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and autocorrelation problems in our model estimation. The findings reveal a negative leverage-performance nexus, and increased competition hurts this relationship. In highly competitive markets, debts become more expensive, thus leading to increased financial pressures on leveraged firms. The fiercer competition also creates a risky business environment, so leveraged firms may fail when operating inefficiently and failing to satisfy their debt obligations. Given the results, this paper proposes recommendations on using financial leverage to improve firm performance.
UTILITY OF CONTRAST-ENHANCED T2-FLAIR FOR IMAGING OF BRAIN METASTASESUSING A HALF-DOSE HIGH-RELAXIVITY CONTRAST AGENT IN COMPARISON WITH ROUTINE DOSE CONTRAST-ENHANCED BRAIN IMAGING
Authors:   Postgraduate Resident, Dept of Radiology, Silchar Medical College, Assam., Thejesh D. , Chakrabartty Debakumar ,   Professor and HOD, Dept of Radiology, Silchar Medical College, Assam., Imdadul Islam MD ,   Assistant Professor, Dept of Radiology, Silchar Medical College, Assam.
Published: October 2024

Aim & Objectives: This study aims to assess the efficacy of delayed contrast-enhanced T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE-T2 FLAIR) by using half dose high relaxivity contrast agent to assess the degree of enhancement among the lesions and to detect additional metastatic brain lesions usually smaller lesions(<5mm), which are significantly missed on routine-dose CE-T1 weighted imaging (CE-T1WI). Material & Methods:The main source of data for this study was radiologically diagnosed lung cancer patients who were clinically suspected to have brain metastasis referred from various departments of Silchar Medical College and Hospital. The studywas carried out for a period of 1 year from March 1, 2023, to February 29, 2024, A total of 40 patients with brain metastases were scanned using a SIEMENS TIM AVANTO 1.5T scanner, routine MR pulse sequences pre- and post-contrast administration were acquired. Results: Out of 40 patients, males were more affected (57.5 %) than females (42.5 %). The highest number of cases were found between the 61-70 years age group with the lung (31 cases) being the most common primary malignancy causing brain metastases. A total of 90 lesions were detected among 40 patients which were grouped into A (25 lesions), B (36 lesions), and C (29 lesions) groups. A total of 6 lesions were missed on Routine dose contrast-enhanced brain imaging of which 2 lesions belong to group B (Rim enhancing lesions >5mm) and 4 lesions belong to group C (Lesions <5mm), however, these lesions were picked up on delayed half dose contrast-enhanced FLAIR images. The contrast ratio (CR) on 3 consecutive half dose CE-T2 FLAIR ranged between 59.09%-76.80%, suggesting that delay in imaging post-contrast administration resulted in a significant increase in the contrast ratio (CR) among metastatic lesions. Conclusions: CE-T1-weighted sequences and CE-T2 FLAIR sequences complement each other effectively in evaluating brain metastases. Bigger and homogenously enhancing lesions are best seen on CE-T1-weighted sequences. Smaller lesions and lesions showing rim enhancement are best visualized on delayed (5 min) CE-T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences with half the dose ofcontrast agent (gadobenatedimeglumine) compared to routine dose CE-T1-weighted sequences. This approach serves as a cost-saving measure for both patients and the healthcare system.
SUSTAINABILITY AND SEMIOTICS IN TRANSCENDENT IN SELECTED CULTURAL SPACES AND BUILT-FORMS OF SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
Authors:   Ph.D Student, Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ota Ogun State., A. Adeyemo Ajibade ,   Lecturer Department of Architecture Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu., C. Ezema Isidore ,   Lecturer Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ota Ogun State., A. Adeyemi Ekundayo ,   Lecturer Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ota Ogun State., Abayomi S. Awotubgase ,   Lecturer Department of Architecture Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu.
Published: October 2024

Sustainability is central to all human endeavours including architecture as a built environment and cultural discipline. Acase study on semiotics and meaning of built-forms and spaces partly usedYorubalanguage built-formlexiconsforidentification, sometimesproper appreciation and interpretation based on the study areas Mutual Contextual Beliefs for transcendent relevance. Semiotics a language of sign and symbols was used to interpretbuilt-forms in the study area to see if their symbolic characteristics were environmentally responsive, energy, efficient, socially inclusive and economically affordable to besustainable architecture.This paper aimed to show how some of the study areascultural built-forms and practices, have transcended past usage into a continued present-day application.Thesustainable cultural qualities,of thesebuilt-forms and spaces, werediscovered in few currently relevant spaces like the impluvium courtyard, the forecourt/balcony and roof-loftetcetera. Semiotic theoretical frameworks theories of Saussure and Pierce, like the semiotic triangle Ecos, denotation and connotation theories, iconic, lexical and symbolic semiotic classifications were deployed. It was found and concluded that somecultural built-forms and spaces were sustainable and fit for contemporary application.
HERNIE DE LITTRE OMBILICALE CHEZ LADULTE: A PROPOS DUN CAS
Authors:   Service de Chirurgie Viscerale CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech., Baroudi G. El , Boulatar M. ,   Service de Chirurgie Viscerale CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech., Maaroufi F.K. ,   Service de Chirurgie Viscerale CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech., Ait Belaid T. Ahbala W. ,   Service de Chirurgie Viscerale CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech., Rabbani K. ,   Service de Chirurgie Viscerale CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech., Louzi A. ,   Service de Chirurgie Viscerale CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech.
Published: October 2024

Le diverticule de Meckel est une anomalie congenitale frequente de lintestin grele. Cependant, lorsquun diverticule de Meckel se retrouve dans un sac herniaire, en particulier dans la region ombilicale, il forme ce quon appelle une hernie de Littre. Cette condition rare est associee a des complications graves et necessite une attention diagnostique et chirurgicale specifique.Nous rapportons le cas dun homme age de 56 ans, admis pour une tumefaction ombilicale non douloureuse et reductible. Le diagnostic de hernie ombilicale simple a ete pose. En per operatoire, il a ete decouvert dans le sac herniaire un diverticule de Meckel inflammatoire. Une resection grelique emportant le diverticule avec cure de lhernie ont ete realisees. Le diagnostic clinique de la hernie de Littre est difficile et lattitude therapeutique varie selon les equipes. Cet article examine la frequence des hernies ombilicales, la rarete de la hernie de Littre, et les difficultes associees a leur diagnostic.
Analysis and numerical simulation of different flowmeters based on an open channel in an irrigation area
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Yongde Kang , Junning Li , Zengxiang Jiao
Published: October 2024

This study establishes an ultrasonic open channel flow measurement test and numerical simulation model and systematically compares the performance and reliability of the ultrasonic method and the traditional flowmeter in flow measurement in the irrigation area by observing and analysing the test data and combining it with the numerical simulation. In the indoor ultrasonic flowmeter flow measurement experiments in the trapezoidal nullah section, the flow rate measurement was carried out by using a high-precision variable slope flume and a variety of flow measurement tools. A numerical study was carried out using the VOF method to calculate the flow in the open channel flume under two-phase flow conditions. Combining experimental measurements and numerical simulations, this study aims to quantify the magnitude of flow measurement errors and water surface fluctuations in open channel flumes and to address the discrepancies between different flow measurement methods in open channels in irrigation areas.
Energy dissipation performance of labyrinth and harmonic stepped spillways
Authors: Ikinciogullari Erdinc
Published: October 2024

Stepped spillways are structures that dissipate the energy on steps, especially in topography, where building the energy dissipate pool is impossible as long as required. For this reason, stepped spillways are one of the critical topics that have attracted the attention of researchers for many years. It has been the subject of many studies, especially because the step geometry is an effective parameter in the energy dissipation rate. In this study, the effect of the labyrinth and harmonic geometry on the plan on energy dissipation performance is examined using the open-source OpenFOAM software. The 11 different geometries were analyzed in detail and discussed with the literature results. For analysis, the k − ω SST turbulence model and the multi-phase solver interFoam were utilized. The results showed that the number of cycles is an effective parameter for energy dissipation performance; the energy dissipation rate increases when effective crest length increases, and labyrinth and harmonic models could dissipate about 20% more energy than the flat model.
Drone remote sensing to define heat exchange between urban surfaces and stormwater runoff
Authors: Dieter Greg , McDonald Walter
Published: October 2024

Urban water bodies are often subject to high runoff temperatures from heat exchange between rainfall and urban surfaces; however, this process can be difficult to define due to the complexity of spatially heterogeneous urban areas. This research seeks to improve our understanding of heat exchange in urban stormwater runoff by integrating in situ measurements of runoff temperature with land surface temperature data captured in high spatial resolutions by a drone. To do so, this study monitored four urban catchments in Milwaukee, WI that are dominated by different land surfaces (concrete parking lot, asphalt road, black bitumen roof, and grass). Results indicate that land surface temperature was variable among common land surface types (1.34–2.24 °C), with higher variations in surfaces subject to foot and vehicular traffic. In addition, the temperature of runoff from impervious surfaces responded differently between buildings and those with a ground subsurface, with higher event mean temperatures from concrete (21.4 °C) and asphalt (21.9 °C) ground surfaces as compared with the bitumen roof (19.8 °C), despite similar initial surface temperatures. Ultimately, these outcomes demonstrate how drone remote sensing of land surface temperature and in situ monitoring can be integrated to understand heat exchange processes in urban stormwater runoff.
Persistence of respiratory, enteric, and fecal indicator viruses in fecal sludge from on-site sanitation in Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Grijalva Lorelay Mendoza , Seck Alsane , Roldan-Hernandez Laura , Graham Katherine E. , Boehm Alexandria B. , Tarpeh William A.
Published: October 2024

As wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) broadens to include prevalent diseases with significant global health impact, existing surveillance systems concentrate on sewer-based infrastructure, which excludes the 2.7 billion people using non-sewered systems. To address this gap, our study explores the potential of fecal sludge treatment plants for WBE, emphasizing the stability of virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) targets within pooled fecal sludge. We screened fecal sludge from a centralized treatment facility in Dakar, Senegal for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, human norovirus, and microbial source trackers pepper mild mottle virus and tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV). Decay kinetics of viral genomic RNA markers were examined at 4, 15, and 30 °C over 70 days. Results indicate the high persistence of viral targets in fecal sludge (T90 value of 3.3 months for exogenous SARS-CoV-2 N1 and N2 and 6.2 months for ToBRFV), with all targets detected throughout the 70-day experiment under various temperatures with limited decay (<90% reduction). This study improves our understanding of virus persistence in on-site sanitation systems by providing essential decay rate constants for effective target detection. Our results indicate that sampling at centralized facilities treating fecal sludge from on-site sanitation could facilitate localized pathogen surveillance in low-income settings.
Comparative analysis of SPI and SPEI drought indices for Montenegro and the impact of teleconnections
Authors: Burić Dragan , Mihajlović Jovan , Doderović Miroslav , Mijanović Ivan
Published: October 2024

After 2000, Montenegro has been hit by several severe droughts. The results presented in this study were based on the analysis of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) for the period 1961–2020. They showed the prevalence of a negative trend in both indices and a significantly higher frequency of drought in the second half of the observed period (1991–2020). The SPEI index is a more representative indicator of drought, because in addition to precipitation, it also takes into account potential evapotranspiration. Using the rescaled adjusted partial sums (RAPS) method, it was determined that the tipping point when the SPEI suddenly fell was the mid-1980s. Out of the 15 analyzed teleconnection variation indicators (atmospheric and oceanic oscillations), 11 oscillations have a significant impact on one or more of the 24 analyzed SPEI time series. The consequences of the drought in Montenegro, as part of the Mediterranean, are most noticeable in the summer, primarily in the form of water shortages, dried vegetation, and frequent fires. Decision-makers in Montenegro should pay attention to this extreme, as drought could pose a serious problem under the projected warmer climate conditions.
Changes in DOM and alum doses for two rivers of contrasting catchments after intense wildfires
Authors: Daraei Hiua , Awad John , Leavesley Adam , Agnew Mark , Jones Eriita , Gale Matthew , Cinque Kathy , Bertone Edoardo , van Leeuwen John
Published: October 2024

The dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in two river waters were investigated after their catchments had been severely burnt in the 2019/20 Australian wildfires. Shortly after these wildfires, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were recorded at high levels (∼ 19 mg/L & 30 mg/L) and these became much lower (up to ∼80% less) in the following winter when river flows had increased. Satellite imagery-based data indicated up to 95% of catchment areas burnt and up to ∼50% subsequent vegetation recoveries after two years. Shifts in burn index values for the burnt areas coincided with DOC concentration variations. Specific colour of waters increased up to 40% as daily river flows increased, indicating higher input of humic content from the burnt catchments. Chlorophyll-a was detected at highest levels in waters soon after the fires when river flows were lowest. Enhanced alum doses were predicted using two feed-forward models; one based on DOC and turbidity data and the other based on UV@254nm, colour and turbidity. Doses predicted using the two models showed high correlations (r > 0.9) and were highest for waters directly after the fires. These models were developed for diverse source waters including those impacted by extreme climate events.
Dynamic vulnerability assessment framework for urban flood disasters considering real-time population changes
Authors: Lv Hong , Liu Simin , Yan Dengming , Li Jie , Yu Zhilei , Cao Lucong
Published: October 2024

Flood vulnerability assessment is an important means to cope with urban flood disasters. However, urban population mobility and land-use changes bring significant uncertainty to vulnerability assessments. In order to respond to the refined and dynamic needs of urban flood disaster prevention and control, a multi-scale and multi-categorized urban flood dynamic vulnerability assessment framework that considers real-time population changes was proposed in this study. The framework used the comprehensive function of exposure, sensitivity, and coping ability under population dynamic changes to characterize urban flood dynamic vulnerability, and constructed urban flood disaster vulnerability assessment models at both grid and regional scales. The results show that population mobility has a significant impact on the vulnerability of urban flood disasters. The vulnerability of flood disasters in Zhengzhou City is highest at 8:00 and 18:00, and high-vulnerability areas are mainly concentrated in residential areas in the central part of the city and main transportation channels. From 10:00 to 15:00, the high-vulnerability areas migrate to public service areas in the eastern part of Zhengzhou City. In the evening, the vulnerability degree of flood disasters is relatively low. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for urban flood managers to prevent and control flood disasters.
Incorporating taste and odour problems in water safety plans
Authors: Kozisek Frantisek , Chorus Ingrid , Testai Emanuela , Kaloudis Triantafyllos , Akcaalan Reyhan , Albay Meriç , Steinhaus Martin , Bosnjak Magdalena Ujevic , Dunkel Andreas , Hiskia Anastasia , Manganelli Maura , Scardala Simona , Spiteri David , Triantis Theodoros
Published: October 2024

Many water utilities are at least occasionally affected by unpleasant taste and odour (T&O) in drinking water. For decades, aesthetic water quality has been of secondary concern to water producers, with water safety being the primary focus. However, there has been a recent shift towards prioritising consumer satisfaction, encompassing not only services, but also water quality, including T&O issues, which can negatively impact the supplier's reputation. Starting to address a T&O problem until consumers' complaints become massive is too late and puts water producers under great stress to take effective action in a timely manner. Rather, a preventive approach is necessary. The most effective approach is to include T&O as a hazard to assess and manage in the context of developing a water safety plan (WSP) for the supply system. The development of a WSP provides an excellent platform for including the stakeholders needed to control the source of T&O events, as this often requires multistakeholder cooperation. Our review provides a comprehensive guide to addressing T&O occurrences and shows how this can be included in the framework of WSP development. It identifies supporting tools and illustrates the information given with a number of examples from water suppliers' practice.
Sensing volatile organic compounds in aquatic samples: a review
Authors: Acharya Sabita , Sharmin Raisa Sadat , Fiutowski Jacek , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , de Oliveira Hansen Roana
Published: October 2024

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic and harmful to human health; thus, their detection in water samples is critical for ensuring safe drinking water and protecting public health. The aim of this review was to explore the various techniques available in the literature for detecting VOCs in water samples and discuss their features, advantages, and limitations in facilitating fast and rapid VOC analysis. Established techniques such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry offer high sensitivity and selectivity but are often hindered by complexity and cost. In contrast, emerging technologies like microfluidic gas sensors and cantilever-based sensors provide portable and real-time monitoring capabilities, although they may be susceptible to matrix effects. Overcoming these challenges requires advanced sample preparation techniques and method optimization. Additionally, the integration of machine learning algorithms and nanotechnology shows promise for enhancing sensitivity and precision in the detection of VOCs. By overcoming these limitations and leveraging technological advancements, researchers can improve water quality monitoring and help protect the environment.
Investigation of cockleshell waste as a natural biocarrier and its performance efficiency for blackwater treatment in a free-floating plant-constructed wetland
Authors: Gogoi Jayanta Kumar , Mutnuri Srikanth
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the potential of using waste cockleshell (CS) as a natural biocarrier for blackwater treatment. The CS were analysed for surface porosity, area, volume, elements, and crystal structure. Then, the pilot-scale study confirmed biofilm growth on the CS surface after 29 days, using a crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The free-floating plant-constructed wetland (FFP-CW) was optimally designed with a redox gradient: an aerobic-aquatic zone for nitrification and an anoxic gravel-filled zone for denitrification. The effect of integrating CS biocarriers and active aeration in FFP-CW (aquatic zone) treatment efficiency was investigated. The FFP-CW treatment efficiency for nitrate, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) increased by 9.62%, 6.8%, and 4.83%, respectively, after integrating CS biocarriers of 0.55% filling ratio. Furthermore, the optimal dosage of 192.51 mol of oxygen in FFP-CW increased in TAN and COD removal by 31.11% and 16.54%, respectively. The X-ray diffractometry of CS unravelled aragonite and calcite crystalline forms at 2θ range from 10 to 70°C. The stability of CS biocarriers during 427 days of treatment was monitored using SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to assess the physical and chemical changes. Thus, CS holds the potential to be a sustainable biocarrier.
Antifungal effect of Crescentia cujete fruit extracts on clinical strains of Candida albicans
Authors: Martínez-De La Rosa Wálter Ángel , Mendoza-Sánchez Xilene , Ruiz-Tafur Liliana M , Guzmán-Acuña Josefina , Collazos-Lara Yoleydis Elena , Pérez-Pérez Osmar , Rodríguez-Sanjuán Alexander , García-Toscano Yina P. , Bettin-Martínez Alfonso
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Candidiasis is a widespread fungal infection ranging from superficial to severe and potentially life-threatening. Objective: To evaluate the antifungal effects of ethanol and N-hexane extracts from Crescentia cujete fruit on Candida albicans strains. Method: Crescentia cujete fruit pulp was dried and extracted using ethanol and N-hexane with Soxhlet extraction. Two reference strains of C. albicans (ATCC 10231 and 90028) and 12 clinical isolates from vaginal smears were cultured under different conditions: without extract, with serial dilutions of the ethanolic or N-hexane extract, and with ethanol and N-hexane at equivalent concentrations. Growth was measured by absorbance using MicroELISA equipment. Results: The N-hexane extract significantly reduced the growth of 9/12 clinical strains, while the ethanolic extract reduced 4/12. Both extracts were effective against the ATCC 90028 and ATCC 10231 strains. A direct correlation was found between growth inhibition and extract concentration, with N-hexane showing a more potent effect (Spearman's Rho=0.61, p-value <0.05) compared to the ethanolic extract (Spearman’s Rho=0.39, p-value<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the antifungal effects of Crescentia cujete extracts on Candida albicans, including strains resistant to common antifungals
Cesarean scar pregnancy: Case report
Authors: Salguero-Sánchez Jefferson , Lucero-Hernández Lizeth Dayana , Arturo-Abadía Juan Sebastián
Published: October 2024

Cesarean scar pregnancy is an unusual entity that is classified as a subtype of ectopic pregnancy and in turn in the placenta accreta spectrum. We present a case in whom other diagnoses were initially suspected, which implied management difficulties. It is reported due to its low prevalence and diagnostic difficulty due to low clinical suspicion. In addition, a brief review of the current literature on this pathology is carried out.
Neuroimmune Interactions in Stress and Depression: Exploring the Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms within the Neuroinflammation-depression Nexus
Authors: Sarapultsev Alexey , Gusev Evgenii , Chereshnev Valeriy , Komelkova Maria , Hu Desheng
Published: October 2024

Background:

The escalating global burden of stress and depression underscores
an urgent need to unravel their complex interrelationships and underlying mechanisms.
This investigation delves into the intricate dynamics between stress and depression,
spotlighting the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Stress Model (NIIS), which elucidates
the pivotal role of cellular and molecular pathways in mediating these conditions.

Methods:

Through an exhaustive review of literature spanning epidemiology, neurobiology,
and psychoneuroimmunology, this study synthesizes the current understanding of
stress and depression. It accentuates the definitional scopes, interplay, and intricacies of
the NIIS model, which integrates neuroimmune-inflammatory responses into the conceptual
framework of the stress-depression interaction.

Results:

By identifying stress as a multifactorial reaction to perceived adversities and depression
as a manifestation of prolonged stress exposure, our analysis foregrounds the
NIIS model. This paradigmatic model reveals the transition from normal stress responses
to pathological neuroinflammatory pathways, highlighting neurotransmitter imbalances,
disruptions in neuronal and glial homeostasis, and ensuing low-grade neuroinflammation
as key factors in the pathogenesis of depression under chronic stress conditions.
The NIIS model identifies prolonged cellular pro-inflammatory stress of neurons
and microglia as a fundamental pathological subsystem of many neuropsychiatric disorders.
In turn, neuroinflammation and associated neurodegenerative processes are complications
of chronic psychoemotional stress, which can clinically manifest as depression.

Conclusions:

The NIIS model views depression as the terminal stage of chronic stress,
pathogenetically linked to latent neuroinflammation. This insight not only advances our
understanding of their etiopathogenesis but also paves the way for developing precise
therapeutic interventions.
Epoxidation of Hybrid Oleic Acid Derived From Palm Oil and Waste Cooking Oil For Eco-Friendly Polyol Production
Authors: Azmi Intan Suhada , Hamid Nursyafiqah Nabihah , Jalil Mohd Jumain
Published: October 2024

Background:

Palm oil and waste cooking oil undergo functionalization by introducing
epoxy groups onto their double bonds, which are subsequently opened to yield
hydroxyl groups.

Objectives:

The objective of this paper is to produce epoxidized hybrid oleic acid with an
applied heterogeneous catalyst for polyol feedstock.

Methods:

In situ peracids are generated during the reaction by mixing an acid (commonly
acetic acid or formic acid) with hydrogen peroxide. Range Kutta 4th Order Method of numerical
integration was used to develop kinetic modeling for reaction based on the mathematical
model.

Results:

After 40 minutes of epoxidation reaction, the relative conversion to the oxirane
percentage reached its maximum of 51%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy detected
an absorption peak at 3300 cm-1, suggesting the presence of a hydroxyl group.

Conclusion:

Epoxidation of palm oil and waste cooking oil using in situ peracids is an efficient
method for converting unsaturated fatty acids into epoxidized oils, which have significant
industrial applications.