bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Type and Token Frequency Jointly Drive Learning of Morphology
Authors: Jarosz Gaja , Hughes Cerys , Lamont Andrew , Prickett Brandon , Baird Maggie , Kim Seoyoung , Nelson Max
Published: November 2024

We examine the joint roles of type frequency and token frequency in three artificial language learning experiments involving lexicalized plural allomorphy. The primary role of type frequency in productivity is well-established, but debates about the precise relationship between type frequency and productivity continue. The effect of token frequency on productivity is even more controversial: some lines of research suggest that token frequency and productivity are inversely related, other results indicate that they are positively related, and yet others argue that token frequency plays no role in productivity. We take up both of these questions. Our learning framework makes it possible to examine the effects of these variables on generalization to novel forms as well as to examine how sensitivity to these factors affects the time-course of learning. The first two experiments differentiate predictions for generalization of three distinct hypotheses about the role of type frequency, while the third experiment investigates the independent role of token frequency. We find that both type and token frequency independently and positively contribute to learning rates and generalization across the three experiments, with type frequency playing a dominant role. We also apply two computational learning theories - implementing two prominent theoretical linguistic frameworks - to the learning of the lexically-conditioned allomorphy patterns in our experiments. Neither of these models is designed to encode a particular relationship between token frequency, type frequency, and productivity, but we show that both models correctly predict the general trends in generalization rates, learning curves, and the influence of token frequency observed across the experimental conditions.
A technique for rigorously controlling visual stimulus size in online psychological experiments using a ruler
Authors: Muto Hiroyuki
Published: November 2024

This study proposes a rigorous method for controlling visual stimulus size in online psychological experiments. Our method employs ruler-based calibration to estimate the millimeter-to-pixel ratio by applying the least squares method to participants’ repeated measurements of randomly generated line segment lengths. Importantly, the success of the calibration can be objectively verified by assessing the measurement error of a test line segment and the residual variance in a linear regression model. Our simulation demonstrated that, with the recommended calibration criteria, an upper bound of the standard deviation for estimation errors was 0.007 mm/px. Implementation results showed that the majority of 100 participants completed the calibration within a few minutes, demonstrating the method’s feasibility. Our method may facilitate rigorous studies of psychological phenomena sensitive to visual stimulus size, such as visual perception and cognition, in online environments. A demo and JSON file for implementing this method with lab.js are available at https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/zeyxp.
Sharing intentions in survey experiments predict actual sharing behavior on social media
Authors: Arechar Antonio Alonso , Mosleh Mohsen , Pennycook Gordon , Rand David Gertler
Published: November 2024

Self-reported sharing intentions are a common methodological tool in research on social media. It is unclear, however, whether such measures are actually useful indices of on-platform sharing. To shed light on this question, we recruited N=532 users from X (formerly Twitter) who had shared links to either high- or low-quality news outlets and invited them to complete an online survey where they indicated their likelihood of sharing true and false headlines. We find that, relative to participants who shared high-quality news on X, those who shared lower-quality news on X were also more likely to say that they would share false headlines in the survey, and a greater fraction of the headlines they said they would share were false. This suggests that self-reported sharing intentions do provide useful insight into the quality of news actually shared on social media.
Russian Information Disorder in Colombia? The Case of RT’s Inna Afinogenova on Twitter
Authors: Rivero-Ortiz Gustavo Adolfo , Valencia-Clavijo Felipe , Peña-Galindo Andrés
Published: November 2024

This study examines disinformation in Colombia through the case of journalist Inna Afinogenova from Russian media outlet ActualidadRT, focusing on her Twitter activity. It investigates the role of inorganic accounts in amplifying political disinformation using the "information disorder" framework. Data were collected from her most viral posts over 54 months (January 2017 - July 2021), and users interacting with them were classified as organic or inorganic, with further subdivisions, such as: inorganic, highly suspicious, suspicious, and organic. An unsupervised machine learning algorithm and a theoretical framework jointly identified abnormal behaviour, revealing that 11.25% of users exhibited confirmed inorganic behaviour. This indicates coordinated inauthentic behaviour, a common feature of disinformation campaigns, though the study does not explore any direct connection to RT or the Russian government. Methodologically, the study advances by analysing retweets instead of hashtags and corroborating results through machine learning. It underscores the impact of manipulated traffic on public discourse in Colombia.
Neoplasias mamária e esplênica em cadela
Authors: Machado Nathália Borstmann , Lehmen Daniela
Published: November 2024

Regarding mammary and splenic neoplasms in dogs, the surgical therapeutic approach is often the method of choice, given its curative potential and the possibility of subsequent histopathological analysis. In veterinary medicine, the incidence of mammary neoplasms is high, especially in unneutered female dogs. Breast carcinoma in situ, with its histological particularities and clinical behavior, requires a careful diagnosis and precise therapeutic approach, carrying out additional tests such as cytopathology and ultrasound to adequately define the treatment. Surgical excision, associated with the evaluation of adjacent healthy breast tissue, is essential to ensure complete removal of the neoplastic tissue, plus ovariohysterectomy (OVH) is also indicated in addition to a mastectomy. Spleen tumors are similarly common in dogs, especially hemangiosarcoma which is notable for its aggressiveness and high metastatic rate. Therefore, early diagnosis and precise intervention are essential for a good prognosis, with the affected organ being often removed in its entirety. Therefore, we report the case of a female Shih-Tzu dog, 7 years old and weighing 4kg, who presented a nodule in the left M3 upon palpation, measuring <1cm with absence of nodular secretion, change in color, local itching or galactorrhea. The patient was referred for regional mastectomy and OVH after a cytological examination compatible with carcinoma and, in a pre-operative ultrasound examination, a singular hypoechoic nodular formation, discretely heterogeneous, vascularized on Doppler and in close contact with the splenic capsule was noted in the spleen in its medial parietal portion, measuring 0.96 cm in its longest axis. Thus, during intraoperative visual inspection after the OVH and upon approval from the owner, a total splenectomy was opted for and, after histopathological examination, it was confirmed that the organ was affected by hemangiosarcoma. The canine was discharged from the hospital a few hours after surgery, without the subsequent use of adjuvant therapies.
The Role of Human Resource Management Strategy in Creating Superior Quality Educators
Authors: Karoso Subianto , Handayaningrum Warih , Handayani Enie Wahyuning , Yanuarti Setyo
Published: November 2024

This research is motivated by the urgent need for schools to have competent and superior human resources (HR) to support the success of education. HR management is strategically related to individuals' contribution to achieving academic goals. The quality of human resources in schools is essential in determining the quality of education and achieving national standards. This research aims to understand the role of human resource management in creating superior human resources in schools. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to analyze 30 nationally accredited articles from Google Scholar. SLR was chosen because it can provide a comprehensive picture and synthesize various relevant research results, resulting in more valid and reliable conclusions. The study results show that human resource management is central to creating quality education personnel through administrative management and teacher recruitment and selection, professional development, performance evaluation, welfare, fair compensation, school culture development, and conflict management. All of these aspects support each other in building superior human resources, ultimately improving the quality of education. This study contributes significantly to understanding the importance of HR management in the educational environment. It offers best practices that schools can apply to improve the quality of education personnel.
DAMPAK KASUS PERUNDUNGAN REMAJA DI KABUPATEN TUBAN DITINJAU DARI NILAI PANCASILA SILA KEDUA
Authors: Refanandia Zahwa Zafina
Published: November 2024

AbstrakPerundungan atau bullying adalah salah satu permasalahan sosial yang sangat memprihatinkan di kalangan masyarakat. Fenomena ini tidak terjadi di lingkungan sekolah saja melainkan terjadi di komunitas, media sosial, bahkan di lingkungan sekitar. Sering kali, Perundungan terjadi karena nilai-nilai Pancasila tidak diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan menerapkan sila ke dua "kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab" dapat menjadi solusi terbaik. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini menganalisis terkait faktor dan dampak dari terjadinya Perundungan yang di tinjau dari Pancasila sila kedua, serta memberikan pencegahan agar tidak terjadi lagi perundungan. Penelitian ini di buat bertujuan untuk memahami dampak buruk dari terjadinya Perundungan dan dapat menjadi pembelajaran bagi siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan metode kualitatif dam studi kepustakaan, menganalisis data jurnal maupun website. Perundungan dapat berdampak negatif pada kesehatan fisik maupun psikologis korban. Mengimplementasikan nilai Pancasila begitu penting dilakukan, dengan cara sosialisi kepada para remaja, bersikap adil, dan beradab kepada sesama individu . Hal ini penting karena dapat mencegah terjadinya Perundungan di kalangan remaja.
La classe inversée: impact sur le rôle des enseignants et la construction du savoir des étudiants
Authors: Díez Abadie Gabriel
Published: November 2024

Résumé: Introduction : Cet article examine comment la classe inversée reformule le rôle des enseignants et stimule la construction du savoir des étudiants en Langues Modernes apprenant le français. Méthodologie: Les étudiants accèdent au contenu théorique de manière autonome via des ressources numériques, tandis que les heures de classe sont consacrées à des activités pratiques. Résultats: Les étudiants montrent une augmentation de la motivation et des performances académiques. Ils s'approprient les connaissances à leur rythme, et le temps en classe favorise la collaboration et le développement de compétences de pensée critique. Discussion: La classe inversée transforme le rôle de l'enseignant en médiateur, facilitant l'apprentissage autonome et collaboratif. Conclusions: La classe inversée est prometteuse pour améliorer l'éducation, mais nécessite une planification minutieuse et une formation adéquate des enseignants.
Paramedios del discurso audiovisual científico: un estudio factual sobre la divulgación científica en Tik Tok a través de los (micro) influencers
Authors: Oliva Gordillo Rita , Zaharía Ana María , Caffarel Rodríguez Bárbara
Published: November 2024

Introducción: Los (micro) influencers han encontrado en TikTok un nicho para divulgar contenido científico, pero la configuración del discurso audiovisual requiere resolver el trinomio entre información, ciencia y sociedad, lo que presenta grandes dificultades, debido, en parte, a los altos niveles de especificación del lenguaje científico. Metodología: Bidimensional, basada en la observación y el análisis de contenido y un muestreo no probabilístico, estratificado e intencionado. Resultados: A pesar de que los (micro) influencers cuentan con un número muy elevado de seguidores no son especialistas en la divulgación de la ciencia. Gran parte de los vídeos analizados no contienen información sobre experimentos de carácter científico ni están relacionados con la historia de la ciencia. El número de visualizaciones es mayor que el grado de interacción con los usuarios y el área que predomina es Ciencias de la Salud. Discusión: Es necesario explorar las posibilidades que ofrece TikTok para la difusión de la ciencia, ampliando la muestra de análisis, replicando los resultados y abordando el estudio desde el ámbito educativo y/o institucional, entre otros. Conclusiones: A pesar de que TikTok premia la divulgación de contenido audiovisual, el peso que tiene la ciencia en esta red social es inferior a otras temáticas.
Programa de intervención para la estimulación de competencias socioemocionales en niños, niñas y adolescentes
Authors: Redondo Redondo Ciro Ernesto , Melo-Romero Erika Yamila , Arias Muñoz Claudia Daniela
Published: November 2024

Introducción: Las habilidades socioemocionales resultan cruciales para la realización personal y profesional, impulsando la estabilidad emocional, la autodisciplina y la capacidad de superación, además de influir en la toma de decisiones y la solución de conflictos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la efectividad de la aplicación de un programa de estimulación en competencias socioemocionales en una muestra de niños, niñas y adolescentes escolarizados. Metodología: Se realiza un estudio con alcance explicativo y diseño cuasi experimental, en el cual se diseñó y validó un programa de intervención para niños, niñas y adolescentes; luego, se aplicó un pretest, antes de desarrollar el programa a una muestra de 616 niños, niñas y adolescentes, para finalizar con una segunda evaluación, que permitiera comprobar la efectividad del programa de estimulación competencias socioemocionales. Resultados: Los resultados respaldan la efectividad del programa de estimulación en competencias socioemocionales en una muestra de niños, niñas y adolescentes a partir de mejoras significativas en todas las dimensiones socioemocionales evaluadas en el grupo experimental después de la intervención. Discusión: Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de implementar programas de estimulación en competencias socioemocionales en las instituciones educativas, ya que promueven el bienestar emocional y la adaptación social de los estudiantes.
La publicidad subliminal: Análisis del riesgo de su presencia en los medios de comunicación
Authors: Álvarez Sigüenza Juan Francisco
Published: November 2024

Introducción: La publicidad subliminal es un fenómeno controvertido que es objeto de un extenso debate y estudio en el ámbito de la psicología y la publicidad. El objetivo principal de la investigación es visibilizar y analizar cómo se hacen presentes las prácticas publicitarias de carácter ilícito que se enmarcan en este tipo de publicidad, que es una forma de comunicación comercial que infringe las normativas legales y éticas establecidas para la promoción de productos o servicios. Metodología: La metodología empleada consiste en un análisis de contenido, una técnica de investigación ampliamente utilizada en las ciencias sociales y utilizada para el presente estudio de formatos textuales audiovisuales. Resultados: Estos dan muestra de cómo los anunciantes hacen uso de la publicidad subliminal en los medios de comunicación y utilizan su potencial para influir en el comportamiento del consumidor. La comprensión detallada de estos riesgos y la implementación de medidas regulatorias son cruciales para salvaguardar la integridad de la comunicación persuasiva en los medios de comunicación. Discusión: Se constatan diferentes prácticas de publicidad subliminal y se corrobora la existencia de normas legales y éticas entorno a la misma. Conclusiones: La presencia de publicidad subliminal en los medios de comunicación requiere una atención crítica y regulatoria.
Los nudges, elemento clave en la publicidad digital
Authors: Espantaleón Rueda Raquel
Published: November 2024

Introducción: Los medios digitales han modificado el panorama de la comunicación comercial. Sin embargo, en los ultimos años, la publicidad digital da muestras de cansancio. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo documentar la importancia de la utilización de la economía conductual en el ámbito del marketing e identificar los nudges digitales claves para mejorar la publicidad digital. Metodología: A través de un análisis del estado del arte, se recoge e interpreta el conocimiento previo relativo a la aplicación de la teoría de nudges al marketing y a la publicidad digital. Resultados: A pesar de que la teoría de nudges ha demostrado su eficacia en diversos campos, influyendo positivamente en mejorar comportamientos de la ciudadanía,  su utilización en el ámbito publicitario digital no está sistematizado. Discusión: Este trabajo ha puesto de manifiesto la falta de referencias académicas en la aplicación de los nudges al mundo publicitario y en especial a la comunicación digital. Conclusiones: El desarrollo de un modelo que permita relacionar los sesgos y heurísticas que influyen en la toma de decisiones con nudges digitales específicos podría mejorar la eficacia de las campañas publicitarias digitales.
Realidad Aumentada en educación y marketing digital: Una revisión sistemática de la literatura y su impacto transformador
Authors: García de Blanes Sebastián María , Carvajal Camperos Marisol , Corral De la Mata Daniel
Published: November 2024

Introducción: La realidad aumentada (RA) emerge como una tecnología revolucionaria en educación y marketing digital, que ha ganado relevancia por su capacidad de transformar la educación y el marketing digital, superponiendo información digital sobre el mundo real para crear experiencias interactivas. Este estudio revisa sistemáticamente la literatura para explorar su impacto y potencial transformador. Metodología: Esta revisión sistemática utiliza la metodología PRISMA para explorar aplicaciones, beneficios y desafíos de la RA. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que la RA en educación mejora el aprendizaje inmersivo y personalizado, mientras que en marketing digital aumenta la interacción y satisfacción del consumidor. Sin embargo, enfrenta desafíos tecnológicos y de adopción. Discusión: La RA transforma prácticas educativas y de marketing, pero necesita superar desafíos tecnológicos y de adopción para maximizar su efectividad. Conclusiones: La RA tiene un impacto transformador en educación y marketing digital, ofreciendo oportunidades significativas para mejorar el aprendizaje y la interacción del consumidor. Esta revisión sistemática destaca la necesidad de continuar investigando y desarrollando esta tecnología emergente.
Contraste de los planes de formación en licenciaturas de turismo en Chile y México: enfoques educativos y desafíos contemporáneos
Authors: Torres Luque Patricio , Carpio Clemente Frida Yoshimara
Published: November 2024

Introducción: Este estudio se centra en identificar las similitudes y diferencias en los enfoques educativos, así como en los desafíos actuales que enfrentan estas carreras. Metodología: Este estudio empleó el enfoque mixto, combinando técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Asimismo, se utilizó el diseño de triangulación concurrente para identificar las similitudes y diferencias en los enfoques educativos y contenidos curriculares de los planes de formación turística de licenciaturas en turismo de ambos países. Resultados: El análisis revela una formación similar en cuanto a gestión y desarrollo sostenible. Sin embargo, se aprecian variaciones significativas con respecto a electivos de especialización e idiomas. Discusión: Se destacan varios desafíos contemporáneos que afectan a ambos programas. Entre estos se incluyen la necesidad de actualizar los contenidos curriculares para adaptarse a las nuevas tendencias de destinos inteligentes, la ciberseguridad y la digitalización. Conclusiones: El artículo subraya la importancia de adaptar los planes de formación en turismo a las demandas actuales del mercado y a los cambios constantes en el entorno global, proponiendo una colaboración más estrecha entre instituciones educativas de ambos países para compartir buenas prácticas y mejorar la calidad de la formación turística.
Artificial intelligence as a modality to enhance the readability of neurosurgical literature for patients
Authors: Guerra Gage A. , Grove Sophie , Le Jonathan , Hofmann Hayden L. , Shah Ishan , Bhagavatula Sweta , Fixman Benjamin , Gomez David , Hopkins Benjamin , Dallas Jonathan , Cacciamani Giovanni , Peterson Racheal , Zada Gabriel
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

In this study the authors assessed the ability of Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) 3.5 and ChatGPT4 to generate readable and accurate summaries of published neurosurgical literature.

METHODS

Abstracts published in journal issues released between June 2023 and August 2023 (n = 150) were randomly selected from the top 5 ranked neurosurgical journals according to Google Scholar. ChatGPT models were instructed to generate a readable layperson summary of the original abstract from a statistically validated prompt. Readability results and grade-level indicators (RR-GLIs) scores were calculated for GPT3.5- and GPT4-generated summaries and original abstracts. Two physicians independently rated the accuracy of ChatGPT-generated layperson summaries to assess scientific validity. One-way ANOVA followed by pairwise t-test with Bonferroni correction were performed to compare readability scores. Cohen’s kappa was used to assess interrater agreement between the two rater physicians.

RESULTS

Analysis of 150 original abstracts showed a statistically significant difference for all RR-GLIs between the ChatGPT-generated summaries and original abstracts. The readability scores are formatted as follows (original abstract mean, GPT3.5 summary mean, GPT4 summary mean, p value): Flesch-Kincaid reading grade (12.55, 7.80, 7.70, p < 0.0001); Gunning fog score (15.46, 10.00, 9.00, p < 0.0001); Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index (11.30, 7.13, 6.60, p < 0.0001); Coleman-Liau index (14.67, 11.32, 10.26, p < 0.0001); automated readability index (10.87, 8.50, 7.75, p < 0.0001); and Flesch-Kincaid reading ease (33.29, 68.45, 69.55, p < 0.0001). GPT4-generated summaries demonstrated higher RR-GLIs than GPT3.5-generated summaries in the following categories: Gunning fog score (0.0003); SMOG index (0.027); Coleman-Liau index (< 0.0001); sentences (< 0.0001); complex words (< 0.0001); and % complex words (0.0035). A total of 68.4% and 84.2% of GPT3.5- and GPT4-generated summaries, respectively, maintained moderate scientific accuracy according to the two physician-reviewers.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings demonstrate promising potential for application of the ChatGPT in patient education. GPT4 is an accessible tool that can be an immediate solution to enhancing the readability of current neurosurgical literature. Layperson summaries generated by GPT4 would be a valuable addition to a neurosurgical journal and would be likely to improve comprehension for patients using internet resources like PubMed.
Predictors of trigeminal neuropathy in patients receiving Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Wade Louise , Boyce Hazel , Brown William J. H. , Clamp Philip J. , Cameron Alison L.
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

The authors’ objective was to validate dosimetric and clinical predictors of the development of trigeminal neuropathy (Tn) in patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for a diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma (VS).

METHODS

In total, 301 patients were treated with SRS for VS at the authors’ center between April 2013 and June 2020, with a median prescription dose of 12.5 Gy. Ninety-seven patients were excluded: 78 had pre-existing symptoms of Tn, and 19 had < 2 years of follow-up. At follow-up consultations, trigeminal nerve function was prospectively documented in an institutional database. The median follow-up was 4 years. Data from treatment plans were extracted for factors previously reported as predictors of Tn: volume of cranial nerve (CN) V that received at least 11 Gy, maximum dose to CN V, volume of the cisternal portion of CN V, maximum dose to the brainstem, volume of the brainstem that received at least 12 Gy, and tumor volume. Tumor compression of CN V at baseline was also evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses of results were performed to identify significant factors.

RESULTS

In total, 23 (11.3%) patients developed symptoms of Tn after SRS; these symptoms were transitory in 7 (30%) cases. Of the 16 patients with permanent Tn, 13 had objective paresthesia (9 had grade II and 4 grade III) and 5 had pain (2 grade II and 3 grade III); included in this are 2 patients who had both paresthesia and pain. In addition, 44% developed symptoms by 1 year after SRS and 100% by 3 years after SRS. On univariate analysis of patients with permanent symptoms, maximum dose to CN V (p = 0.016) was a significant factor. This was not maintained on multivariate analysis when the volume of CN V that received ≥ 11 Gy became the only significant factor (p = 0.029).

CONCLUSIONS

The only significant factor in the risk of development of Tn after SRS for VS was the volume of CN V that received ≥ 11 Gy. This should be routinely incorporated into dosimetric planning constraints and patients should be counseled about the risk of adverse effects if it cannot be met. For those with growing VS and a gap to the trigeminal nerve, it may be prudent to provide earlier treatment with SRS to enable application of this dosimetric constraint and reduced risk of Tn.
Performans değerlendirmesinde risk temelli ölçütlerin kullanımı: BİST şehir endeksleri uygulaması
Authors: Gürsoy Merve , Sezgin Arif , Aytekin Sinan
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmada Borsa İstanbul (BİST) tarafından hesaplanan şehir endekslerinin performanslarının risk temelli ölçütlere göre değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında 2019-2023 dönemi için kesintisiz hesaplanan 12 şehir endeksinin son 1 yıllık ve son 5 yıllık olmak üzere iki farklı dönem için performansları sıralanarak ilgili dönemlerdeki değişimler karşılaştırılmıştır. Endeksler, getiri değişimlerinin yanı sıra risk temelli portföy performans değerlendirme ölçütlerinden Calmar rasyosu, Ulcer rasyosu, Sortino oranı, Sharpe oranı, Treynor oranı, Jensen Alfası, K-rasyosu, Bilgi rasyosu, Downside Capture rasyosu ve Upside Capture rasyoları ile değerlendirilmiştir. Spearman korelasyon testi yardımıyla ilgili ölçütler arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Son 1 yıllık dönem için ilgili ölçütlere göre en iyi performans sergileyen endeksler XSANK ve XSTKR iken son 5 yıllık dönem için ilgili ölçütlere göre endekslerin sıralaması değişmekle birlikte en iyi performansı sergileyen endekslerin XSTKR, XSADA ve XSIST olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenle ilgili dönemlerin karşılaştırılmasında kısa döneme göre uzun dönem performans sıralamaları değişim göstermektedir. Korelasyon testi sonuçlarında ise risk temelli performans ölçüt sıralamaları arasındaki ilişkilerin anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. XSBAL özelinde bulgular incelendiğinde endeksin kısa dönemde tüm ölçütlerde ortalamanın altında performans sergilediği, uzun dönemde ise ortalamanın üzerinde performans sergilediği görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde ise kısa dönemli portföy performansının ölçümünde risk temelli ölçütlerin kullanımının daha uygun olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
Shock Wave-induced Cell Membrane Permeabilization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Letuta S. N , Ishemgulov A. T , Davydova O. K , Nikiyan A. N , Grigoriev M. E
Published: November 2024

Effects of acoustic shock waves on membrane permeability of Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa for an anionic photosensitizer, such as erythrosine, were studied. Shock waves were generated by rapid local medium heating due to nonradiative relaxation of high electronically excited states of photosensitizer molecules introduced with a high-power laser pulse. It has been shown that upon exposure to shock waves bacteria display an increase in membrane permeability; erythrosine enters the cells, followed by an increase in the photodynamic efficacy on microorganisms.
The Presence of Septin Proteins in the Neuromuscular Junction of Somatic Muscle in the Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris
Authors: Nurullin L. F , Volkov E. M
Published: November 2024

Using fluorescent confocal microscopy it has been shown that proteins belonging to the septin family such as Septin 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 are present in the somatic muscle of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. Septins 2 and 9 are associated with the lack of their specific concentrations in a cholinergic synapse, while septins 3, 5, and especially 7 levels correlate with quantitatively expressed binding in their localization to the motor end plate. It is assumed that Septins 3, 5 and, mostly, 7 can be involved in the mechanisms of modulation of quantal release of neurotransmitters.
Models of Flowering Gene Networks and Their Adaptation for the Analysis of Vernalization Mechanisms in Legumes
Authors: Gursky V. V , Duk M. A , Bankin M. P , Samsonova M. G , Surkova S. Yu
Published: November 2024

Flowering time is the most important agronomic trait which is used in breeding and determines the crop performance. Vernalization, or prolonged exposure to cold, accelerates flowering and increases yields in many crops. The molecular mechanisms of vernalization-induced flowering are well studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, but remain largely unknown for legumes. Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool to predict regulatory interactions in gene networks on the basis of gene expression patterns. This review concerns previously developed approaches to modeling gene regulatory networks of the flowering transition process and the prospects for their adaptation with the aim of conducting the analysis of the mechanisms of vernalization requirement in legumes.
Evanescent Acoustic Waves
Authors: Karakozova A. I.
Published: November 2024

A theoretical study of “geometric” SP-evanescent (head) waves propagating in an isotropic homogeneous half-space or half-plane with a free boundary shows that these waves can satisfy the condition of absence of effort on the boundary plane if and only if the Lamé parameter λ is vanishingly small, which makes the existence of head waves of this type practically impossible. The analysis is based on the Helmholtz representation for the displacement field in combination with the decomposition of the stress and strain tensor into spherical and deviatoric parts.
The obtained result about the non-existence of this type of evanescent waves can find application in theoretical geophysics in the study of seismic wave fields in the vicinity of earthquake epicenters, as well as in non-destructive acoustic diagnostic methods.
Modeling of reflected ultrasonic fields in composed samples
Authors: Glushkov E. V. , Glushkova N. V. , Tatarkin A. A. , Ermolenko O. A.
Published: November 2024

Ultrasonic nondestructive testing involves the study of propagation, reflection and refraction patterns of elastic waves excited by contact or non-contact piezoelectric transducers in the inspected object. The finite element modeling usually requires high computational costs and additional postprocessing to select individual waves from the total solution. When probing joints of homogeneous materials, such as turbine blades made of heat-resistant monocrystalline alloys, the joint boundary is low-contrast, and the reflected signals are relatively weak. This causes additional difficulties for their separation from the total wave field and correct interpretation of the information they bring. To solve this problem, explicit asymptotic representations for reflected and transmitted waves in a two-layer elastic half-space with a surface source are proposed in the present work, which allow fast parametric analysis. They can be used to analyze ultrasonic probing data, for example, to estimate the state of the junction zone or to determine the mutual orientation of the crystals’ principal axes.
Edvard Beneš in American Diplomatic Correspondence, 1945–1948
Authors: Zorin A. V.
Published: November 2024

The second president ofCzechoslovakiaEdvardBeneš was one of the most prominent but ambiguous politicians of the first half of the twentieth century.His name is associated with theSudetenCrisis and theMunichAgreement of 1938, the struggle forCzechoslovak independence during theSecondWorldWar, alliance withMoscow and the communist’s takeover in 1948.The purpose of the article is to look atBeneš in a new way, the perception of him byAmerican diplomats in the last years of his life, during the period of acute internal political struggle inCzechoslovakia and the emerging geopolitical confrontation betweenMoscow andWashington.The study is based on diplomatic correspondence and papers of theAmerican ambassador toPragueLaurenceSteinhardt, which reveal some new aspects ofBeneš’ personality, the history ofCzechoslovakia, andUSforeign policy in 1945-1948.It is concluded that there was a close and frank relationship between theAmerican diplomats andBeneš.TheCzechoslovak president had a reputation as a experienced politician, pragmatist, supporter ofWestern orientation and an opponent of communism.However, his vision of political issues and forecasts of further development often turned out to be erroneous.His support of closer relations with theUSSRand radical reforms caused discontent from theUSdiplomacy.Nevertheless,Beneš was associated with democratic traditions and the desire to maintain good relations with theUnitedStates.The embassy hoped that his authority and popularity would help to prevent theCommunists from seizing power inCzechoslovakia.The crisis that broke out inFebruary 1948 and the indecisive actions ofBeneš came as a surprise to theStateDepartment.They caused misunderstanding and dissatisfaction ofAmbassadorSteinhardt.American diplomats consideredBeneš’ actions to be explained by his poor health and enormous pressure from the communistPrimeMinisterKlementGottwald.
Omar Torrijos Regime in Panama 1968–1981 and the Economic Integration of Latin America
Authors: Okunev Andrei Y.
Published: November 2024

Studies of military regimes in Latin America usually examine the history of local political systems and regional economic integration separately, occasionally pointing to the negative impact of military protectionism on integration processes. The novelty of the article lies in the study of Panama’s place in the process of regional economic integration, and due to the lack of works on this topic in the Russian historiography, its aim is to analyse the impact of the political institutions created by the military regime of Omar Torrijos on the economic integration of the Latin American region. In order to do so, it is necessary to examine the integration associations that existed in the region from the point of view of the results they achieved and to determine the extent to which these processes were directly or indirectly influenced by the economic reforms implemented in Panama during this period, as well as by its foreign policy. The topic’s relevance is due to the great importance of the region in the world economy, as well as the interest of many researchers in gained experience in the economic integration of developing countries and the transition from authoritarianism to democracy regarding the results achieved and whether it is applicable to other regions. The work uses content analysis, statistical analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, discourse analysis, historical genetic and historical comparative methods based on UN statistics, international indices, regulations and international treaties. According to the author Omar Torrijos regime actions in Panama influenced the integration processes rather positively, which is not a typical consequence of military rule noted in researches on local military regimes.
Caliphate and the “dream-memory” of the Islamic state-civilization
Authors: Naumkin V. V. , Kuznetsov V. A.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of caliphate inArab-Muslim political and intellectual history in the context of the theory of state-civilization.Within the framework of the article, this problem is studied through a symbiotic political-historical approach.The political science part of the study is theoretical in nature.It discusses the content, strengths and weaknesses of the theory of state-civilization, criteria for identifying state-civilizations, the links between this concept and the concepts of nation-state and empire.This part is based mainly theoretical works byZhangWeiwei,MartinJacques,JamesDorsey,DominicLieven,EnriqueDDussel.The second, historical, part of the study examines the evolution of the caliphate as an idea and as a form of political organization with a focus on theMiddleAges andModern history.In the third part we analyze the concept of caliphate at the beginning of the twentieth century and the problem of the future of theIslamic world, discussed at all-Muslim congresses.This part is based onSoviet diplomatic sources, including those related to the participation ofSoviet representatives at theAll-MuslimCongress inMecca.The final part of the article shows how this idea of caliphate is perceived today, noting that it can be considered as a “dream-memory” of anIslamic state-civilization, opposed to the idea of a nation-state.
Soviet-French Scientific Relationships in the Field of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry in the First Half of the 1970s
Authors: Shalimov Sergey V.
Published: November 2024

In this article, the author analyses the scientific relationship between Soviet and French molecular biologists and biochemists in the first half of the 1970s. This cooperation is associated with the names of the prominent Russian and French scientists. The pioneers of this cooperation were Academicians Alexander Baev, Yuri Ovchinnikov, Alexander Spirin, Lev Kiselev, and other Soviet scientists, and Marianne Grunberg-Manago, François Gros, and Jean-Pierre Ebel, on the French side. Soviet-French scientific cooperation involved numerous research centers on both sides and manifested most vividly in the symposia devoted to “Physico-chemical origin of life”, the first of which was held in 1974 in Pushchino. The symposia were held alternately in the USSR/Russia and France until the mid-1990s. The topic under consideration is not sufficiently reflected in the works of professional historians. Despite the fact that Russian/Soviet/French scientific ties, including those in the field of biology, are to some extent represented in Russian and international literature, only the first steps have been made in the study of effective interaction between molecular biologists and biochemists of the two countries. The paper draws on a wide range of new archival sources from the funds of the Main directorate of the foreign relations of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of molecular biology and some other funds of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author study the symposia in Pushino (1974, 1975), Concarno (1975) and the results of the foreign trips of Soviet researchers. The Soviet-French scientific links are analyzed in the context of international political situation. The relations with France were more favorable in comparison with other Western countries, which provided the development of scientific contacts. In the field of molecular biology and biochemistry in the first half of the 1970s we can notice: several symposia in both countries, exchanges of the delegations, mutual trips and joint research of Soviet and French scientists. At the same time the author touches upon the difficulties that hindered international contacts. These problems were common for the Soviet science and were caused by the Iron Curtain and clumsiness of the Soviet bureaucracy.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ HR-ПРОЦЕСІВ В РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ КАДРОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: МИКОЛАЙЧУК Ірина , ЖУКОВСЬКА Валентина , БЄЛЯЄВА Наталя , СОЛОВОЙОВА Анна
Published: November 2024

Сучасні підприємства потребують прийняття ефективних кадрових рішень, що дозволяють їм досягати конкурентних переваг на ринку та зберігати досягнутий рівень розвитку. Для прийняття таких рішень потрібно ефективно налагоджувати всі кадрові процеси, що між собою взаємопов’язані та відбуваються під взаємним впливом. Кадрові процеси безпосередньо пов’язані з формуванням кадрової політики підприємства, а напрями її реалізації обумовлюють якість та особливості кадрових рішень. Актуальність дослідження обумовлена потребою у моделюванні кадрових процесів, що дозволяє краще зрозуміти складні взаємозв’язки між ними, а також спрогнозувати результати та наслідки. У статті зазначено, що в сучасній практиці управління зростає складність визначення переліку та умов реалізації кадрових процесів на підприємствах. Це обумовлено їх різноманітністю, використанням нових технологій та зростаючою роллю HR-менеджменту у побудові загальної стратегії організації. Зазначено, що моделювання HR-процесів є потужним інструментом у створенні ефективної організації, що дозволяє вирішувати не лише поточні проблеми, але й передбачати майбутні виклики та готуватися до них. Завдяки моделюванню підприємства можуть забезпечити собі конкурентну перевагу та досягти стійкого розвитку. Обґрунтовано зміст поняття «моделювання HR-систем», під яким запропоновано розуміти створення оптимальної системи управління персоналом у відповідності з бізнес-цілями, стратегією, умовами розвитку організації.  Запропоновано до адаптації та впровадження у вітчизняну HR-практику фреймворк Гарвардської HR-моделі. Моделювання HR-фахівцями кадрових процесів на підприємстві сприятиме їх оптимізації та автоматизації, прогнозуванню наслідків впливу нових HR-технологій, продиктованих змінами, що відбуваються у кадровій політиці та в цілому підвищенню ефективності діяльності підприємств. Сформовано етапи процесу моделювання кадрових процесів в HR-менеджменті з наведенням їх характерних ознак, а також математичне описання залежності ефективності роботи персоналу від рівня інституційних заходів впливу. Зазначено, що продуктивність персоналу безпосередньо залежить від ступеню його лояльності до підприємства, рівня компетентності, ступеня відповідності професійної  підготовки умовам праці та психологічного клімату в організації. У науковій публікації дістало подальшого розвитку застосування кореляційних моделей для моделювання HR-процесів завдяки реалізації ефективній кадровій політиці підприємства.
Analysis of the Behavior of Primary School Students with CES during Physical Education Lessons
Authors: Constantin I.L. , Chirazi M.
Published: November 2024

In Romania from 2021, any child, regardless of health status, has the right to enroll in any school unit in the area where they are located. We make it clear that until now these children attended special schools. The study highlights, through the intentional recording of behavior, the manifestations of students with CES during physical education classes that were the basis for the formulation of action recommendations. The analysis finds its usefulness by informing future physical education teachers about situations for which they were not prepared.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Ular Tangga Materi Sumber Energi Pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV SD Negeri Kasongan
Authors: Fauziyah Nabila Nur , Sapitri Eka , Azizah Anisa Nur
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis permainan ular tangga pada materi sumber energi untuk siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Kasongan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE. Pengembangan media ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya inovasi dalam penggunaan media pembelajaran di sekolah tersebut. Media ular tangga dikembangkan dalam bentuk banner berukuran 3x4 meter dengan pion dan dadu berbentuk boneka. Validasi produk dilakukan oleh ahli pembelajaran dan materi serta ahli media. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran ini sangat layak digunakan, dengan persentase 80,56% dari ahli pembelajaran dan materi, serta 81,25% dari ahli media. Uji coba dilakukan pada 25 siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Kasongan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa siswa sangat antusias dalam menggunakan media ini, dan guru memberikan respon positif terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa. Kesimpulannya, media pembelajaran ular tangga ini terbukti efektif dan sangat layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan motivasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA materi sumber energi.
Perbedaan Penggunaan Media Visual Dalam Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Siswa Kelas II Gugus Mawar
Authors: Rivanza Bagas Gea , Koeswanti Henny Dewi
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh penggunaan media visual dalam model Problem-Based Learning (PBL) terhadap kemampuan menulis kalimat aktif dan pasif siswa sekolah dasar, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan penggunaan media visual dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di tingkat sekolah dasar terhadap kemampuan menulis kalimat aktif dan pasif. Penelitian ini mendukung pentingnya pengembangan strategi pembelajaran yang inovatif dalam konteks kurikulum pendidikan yang relevan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Desain ini memungkinkan peneliti untuk membandingkan efek penggunaan media visual dalam model pembelajaran Problem-Based Learning (PBL) terhadap kemampuan menulis siswa, antara kelompok eksperimen yang menggunakan media visual dengan kelompok kontrol yang tidak menggunakan media visual. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan media visual dalam model pembelajaran Problem-Based Learning (PBL) secara signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis kalimat aktif dan pasif di sekolah dasar. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa kedua kelompok eksperimen memenuhi persyaratan uji normalitas dan homogenitas, dengan hasil uji beda mean (t-test) yang signifikan (p = 0,001). Hasil uji F (ANOVA) juga menegaskan pengaruh positif media visual terhadap kemampuan menulis siswa secara keseluruhan. Temuan ini mendukung pentingnya integrasi media visual dalam pendidikan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan siswa dalam pemahaman dan  bahasa.
Analisis Kemampuan Calon Guru Matematika dalam Menyusun PowerPoint Terintegrasi TPACK Sebagai Media Pembelajaran
Authors: Magfirah Nurul , Sridana Nyoman , Novitasari Dwi , Sarjana Ketut
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampaun calon guru matematika dalam menyusun PowerPoint terintegrasi TPACK sebagai media pembelajaran. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar penilaian dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan teknik analisis Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana yang terdiri dari 1) data reduction; 2) data display; 3) verification. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelas Micro Teaching FKIP Universitas Mataram Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024 dengan subjek penelitian yang digunakan yaitu sebanyak 14 orang mahasiswa yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Instrumen pada penelitian ini menggunakan lembar penilaian kemampuan menyusun PowerPoint terintegrasi TPACK dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan mahasiswa calon guru pendidikan matematika dalam menyusun PowerPoint terintegrasi TPACK  sebagai media pembelajaran berada pada kategori sedang dengan persentase yang didapatkan yaitu 72%.