bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Songwriting and Chorale by Martin Luther
Authors: Medňanský Karol
Published: April 2019

The five hundreth anniversary that we commemorated in 2017 is a good opportunity to remind the significance of vocal works by Martin Luther. Creative musical activity of Dr. Martin Luther is somehow in the shadow of his other historically significant activities. It is a well-known fact that he was an outstanding musician who could play lute and could sing. In his household, he constantly played music and sang, while he actively engaged his family in performing music. In performing the reformatory ideas, he was aware of the extremely important role of religious singing, which he started composing since 1523. He is the author of 38 songs – chorales, while at the same time, he is the author of 20 melodies. In most cases, he used the texts of the Psalms. From his chorals the best known is entitled Ein feste Burg is unser Gott – The Fortified Castle is the Lord our God, that became worldwide the anthem of the Protestants. Luther have become an important inspirational source for the next generation of composers, and they culminated in the work of Johann Sebastian Bach, including the works of contemporary Slovak composers – Roman Berger, Víťazoslav Kubička. The prevailing majority of Lutheran chorales is also the part of the Protestant Songbook in Slovakia.
Coordinates of The Interpretation
Authors: Ciobanu Luminiţa
Published: April 2019

In the process of study, a number of native but also acquired skills are involved which helps to progress and access to a superior artistic level. Internal hearing, sensitivity, motivation, interest, purpose and charisma are part of the native but educative capacities of the individual, as well as attention, operative thinking and memory capacity.
AnalystvsPerformer. The Importance of Studying TheMusic AnalysisDiscipline for The Development of Critical-Analytical Thinking of Perfomer Students
Authors: Vlahopol Gabriela
Published: April 2019

In the music higher education, the appearance of a concept of incompatibility between the performance practice and the studentsʼ theoretical and analytical training is a phenomenon with multiple consequences on their training, on the way of organizing a curriculum and a hierarchical deformed attitude on the different subjects in the curriculum.This study summarizes some of the arguments that emphasize the role played by the study of the Music Analysis in developing the musicianʼs ability to understand music from the perspective of the compositional conception, to discover its importance as a stage in the formation of an original performance concept while highlighting the advantages of a collaborative approach between the two areas of training of the musician.
Arias, Recitatives, Duets and Vocal Ensembles in The Opera Don Pasquale by Gaetano Donizetti
Authors: Simionescu Cristina
Published: April 2019

A musical inspiration, Don Pasqule by Gaetano Donizetti offers a wealth of examples of how to capitalize on the vocal and musical potential offered by the opera show. We aim to analyze vocal scores - areas, duets, recitatives and vocal ensembles and to emphasize their musical achievement.
The Cherubic Hymn in The Romanian Choral Creation
Authors: Dumitriu George
Published: April 2019

The Cherubic Hymn (gr.) o heroubikos ymnos) was introduced in the Byzantine Liturgy in the 5th century, by a decree of Emperor Justin the 2nd, issued in 574. The document stated the replacement of an old psalm, once sang during the offering of bread and wine gifts at the altar by the church-goers (ofertorium), with the new hymn. The replacement of the ofertoriumului ritual with the one of Presentation of the Euharistic Gifts (the Great Exodus) and the introduction of associated memorials, determined the fragmentation of the hymn in two different parts. Initially sang monodically, the introduction of the art of chorale in the Orthodox Church determined the development of this liturgical singing in two parts with a different musical nature, based on the principle of contrast: Cherubic, in large tempo (Adagio) and That we may receive the King in moderate tempo (Moderato). The first induces an atmosphere of mystical chastity, leads to introversion, and the second is a glory hymn, imposing and majestic. Literary, The Cherubic consists of the following three sentences, which determined the subsequent form of homonym choral creations,

We, who mystically represent the Cherubim,/

And chant the thrice-holy hymn to the Life-giving Trinity.

Let us set aside the cares of life,

Followed by another two sentences and the threefold repetition of the ovation “Hallelujah!”, which form the second hymn:

That we may receive the King of all!

Who comes invisibly escorted by the Divine Hosts!

Hallelujah, Hallelujah, Hallelujah!

In the Romanian liturgical chorale creation the Cherubic hymn bears the following stylistic directions: 1. of Slavic influence; 2. of Classical-Romantic inspiration; 3. which capitalizes the Byzantine church singing.
Stylistic-Interpretative Statistics of The Creation for Guitar Solo (Preludes no. 1-5) by Heitor Villa Lobos
Authors: Dragomirescu Daniel
Published: April 2019

In the past, more precisely in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth centuries, both pieces for keyboard instruments (organ or clavecin) and those for the guitar’s ancestor, the lute, were preceded by an introduction bearing the title of prelude. In the seventeenth century, this prelude was used as an introduction to some religious works, being synonymous to the preamble, as both were meant to prepare the atmosphere and tone of a musical piece. Johann Sebastian Bach played a decisive role in the evolution of the prelude, using it as the first part of the preclassic instrumental suite, with the intention of setting the unique tone, the tone in which the whole work will be performed. Later, in the 19th and 20th centuries, taking over the tradition of J.S.Bach, the composers will write cycle pieces for various instruments, which, through their rich, melodic, harmonic, rhythmic variety of form and genre, will enjoy success in the concert halls. Examples include the cycles of preludes of Frederich Chopin, Claude Debussy, Alexandr Skriabin, Serghey Rachmaninov, Mihail Jora, and others. Villa-Lobos preludes touch the audience’s sensitivity more directly than studies. Their appearance is an essential contribution to the guitar repertoire of the 20th century. In the small form, the author proved a brilliant sense of balance, intense feelings, great conceptual originality, making the most of the technical and sound resources of the instrument. These short compositions, always present in the repertory of all great guitarists, require our attention and admiration. Written shortly before 1940, in the original manuscript these preludes were six. Unfortunately, one of them, “the best of all” as the composer said, was lost. As regards this statement, John Duarte, in his work, the Preludes of Villa-Lobos. Some notes” considers this would have an ironic character. “Just like the Three Musketeers who were actually four, so the 5 Preludes were originally six”.143
The Relationship Between Talent and Success in Theatre and Sport
Authors: Leșe Ana-Cristina
Published: April 2019

The origin of success must be sought in man, in his abilities. In the approached theme, we pay attention towards the athlete and the actor, in the beginning of their career, when the selection because of physic, mental and artistic abilities is made. The inborn need for the endowment of the athlete and actor seems to be a qualitative one and not a quantitative one. What we inherit, the talent is and always has been contested in sports or art.
Cisplatin and beyond: molecular mechanisms of action and drug resistance development in cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Makovec Tomaz
Published: April 2019

Background

Platinum-based anticancer drugs are widely used in the chemotherapy of human neoplasms. The major obstacle for the clinical use of this class of drugs is the development of resistance and toxicity. It is therefore very important to understand the chemical properties, transport and metabolic pathways and mechanism of actions of these compounds. There is a large body of evidence that therapeutic and toxic effects of platinum drugs on cells are not only a consequence of covalent adducts formation between platinum complexes and DNA but also with RNA and many proteins. These processes determine molecular mechanisms that underlie resistance to platinum drugs as well as their toxicity. Increased expression levels of various transporters and increased repair of platinum-DNA adducts are both considered as the most significant processes in the development of drug resistance. Functional genomics has an increasing role in predicting patients’ responses to platinum drugs. Genetic polymorphisms affecting these processes may play an important role and constitute the basis for individualized approach to cancer therapy. Similar processes may also influence therapeutic potential of nonplatinum metal compounds with anticancer activity.

Conclusions

Cisplatin is the most frequently used platinum based chemotherapeutic agent that is clinically proven to combat different types of cancers and sarcomas.
Genetic Variation of Some Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) Genotypes by Morphological Traits
Authors: Porkabiri Z. , Sabaghnia N. , Ranjbar R. , Maleki H.H.
Published: April 2019

Simple lattice design with two replicates was used to evaluate 25 tobacco genotypes. The following eight traits were measured and evaluated: plant height (PH), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), leaf number per plant (LN), stem girth (SG), leaf area (LA), dry leaf yield (DLW), and fresh leaf yield (FLW). The genotype by trait biplot for tobacco dataset explained 73% of the total variation of the standardized data. The polygon view of genotype by trait presented for the eight different traits of tobacco genotypes showed six vertex cultivars (G4, G5, G11, G12, G18, and G21). Genotype G21 had the highest values for most of the measured traits. Based on a vector view biplot, strong positive associations among LL, DLW, FLW, and LA were detected while near zero correlations between LL and SG, as well as between LL and PH were observed. Generally, based on ideal genotype and ideal tester biplots, it was demonstrated that the selection for high leaf yield should be performed via leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area traits identified as effective selection criteria for high yielding cultivars.
Genetic Resistance Against Scrapie Disease Related to Lamb Growth Performance Traits
Authors: Ptáček M. , Ducháček J.
Published: April 2019

The objective of the study was to identify the impact of selection on genetic resistance against scrapie disease related to lamb growth performance attributes for Suffolk, Kent, Charollais, and Texel lambs.The allelic genotypes were grouped according to the presence of scrapie resistant allele (ARR): ARR homozygotes, ARR heterozygotes, no presence of ARR allele. The influence of these groups on lamb live weight (LW), musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis depth (MLLT), and back-fat thickness at 100 days of age was investigated using SAS software. No significant differences for Suffolk and Charollais breeds were detected. Significantly highest LW (34.41 kg) and MLLT (27.80 mm) were noticed for Kent ARR homozygotes lambs, while significantly lowest values were estimated at lambs with absent ARR allele (LW = 33.42 kg, MLLT = 26.68 mm). Significantly lower muscle depth (–0.69 mm) was detected for Texel ARR homozygote compared to ARR heterozygote lambs. As a result, we were unable to detect a consistent evidence for reduced growth performance traits in relation to genetic resistance against scrapie disease. However, the number of animals in some groups caused as a limiting factor. This can be a potential reason of opposed trends in Texel and Kent lambs.
Antibiotic Resistance in Livestock Breeding: A Review
Authors: Laloučková K. , Skřivanová E.
Published: April 2019

Antibiotic resistance represents a serious threat worldwide. When considering the increasing ability of bacteria to effectively resist antibacterial agents, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of antibiotic substances in animal production in order to preserve their effectiveness in the future. Attention should be paid to the multidrug resistant microorganisms’ occurrence, which can be very exhausting for the breeder not only from the economic point of view. Therefore, alternative sources of antibacterials should be considered due to the limited possibilities of using conventional antibiotics in animal breeding, e.g. application of various substances including organic acids, clay minerals, etc. Nowadays, the research in this field also focuses on the combinatory effect of such compounds, which can also find the perspective for use in animal breeding. This article provides an overview of problems connected with the resistance of diverse bacteria to antibiotic treatment in livestock breeding. It emphasises the need for alternate resources usage with the aim to lower the environmental burden caused by overuse of antimicrobials used in subclinical doses in the past and with the expanding bacterial resistance.
The Effect of Natural PhytoadditiveSilybum Marianumon Performance of Broiler Rabbits
Authors: Pebriansyah A. , Lukešová D. , Knížková I. , Silberová P. , Kunc P.
Published: April 2019

The effect of different label and processing methods of milk thistle on growth performance in broiler rabbits (HYLA, n = 255) fed with different concentration of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) was studied. Four experiments were conducted. Rabbits were fed with different concentrations of 1% non-fermented milk thistle (experimental group E1) and 0.5% fermented milk thistle (experimental group E2), and the results were compared with a control group C (standard feed ration without any supplementation). Each experiment started at 42 days of rabbits’ age and finished at 85 days of age. Observed parameters were: average daily gain, average daily feed consumption, total feed consumption, slaughter live weight, and carcass weight. The best results were showed in experimental group E2 (supplement of 0.5% fermented milk thistle). Significant differences (P<0.05) were recorded in average daily feed consumption, total feed consumption, slaughter live weight, and carcass weight. The results show that 0.5% fermented milk thistle extract supplemented in the feed ration for broiler rabbits has a positive effect on fattening performance.
Effects of Two Cadmium Hyperaccumulating Plants (N. Caerulescens And A. Halleri) in Feed on Tissue Burden in Laboratory Rats
Authors: Jankovská I. , Sloup V. , Válek P. , Száková J. , Magdálek J. , Horáková B. , Langrová I.
Published: April 2019

The aim of this work was to determine how two cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulating plants in feed affect a consumer organism (Rattus norvegicus var. alba). Using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), Cd concentrations were analyzed in Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus var. alba) tissues. Rats were fed the Cd and Zn hyperaccumulating plants Noccaea caerulescens or Arabidopsis halleri. Rats given Arabidopsis halleri took in 4 times as much Cd as did rats fed Noccaea caerulescens. However, the muscle, intestinal, kidney, spleen, testicular, bone and liver tissues of rats fed A.halleri had 7.3, 5.6, 5.5, 3.5, 3.1, 2.5 and 2.3 times higher Cd concentrations, respectively, than did tissues of rats fed N. caerulescens. A. halleri burdened the muscle, small intestinal, and kidney tissues with Cd to a greater extent than did N. caerulescens. However, the spleen, testes, bone and liver were significantly more burdened with Cd by N. caerulescens. In both experimental groups (rats given N. caerulescens as well as those given A. halleri), the highest Cd concentrations were found (in descending order) in the kidneys > liver > small intestine > spleen > testes > bone > and muscle. This information is vital in situations where, for example, livestock can graze on these plants or when other animals and humans accidentally consume these plants.
Influence of Porosity, Permeability and Expression Force on Oil Yield of Jatropha Seeds
Authors: Sigalingging R. , Sumono  , Herák D. , Kabutey A. , Sigalingging C.
Published: April 2019

A mathematical model for effective porosity, effective force and permeability was derived using the experimental results. A universal compression machine was used to press oil of jatropha seeds at maximum force 100 kN, pressing vessel diameter 60 mm, initial pressing height 60 mm with different compression speeds ranging from 1 to 50 mm.min−1. The analysis of variance showed significant effects of compression speed on oil yield, oil point deformation, effective porosity and time of oil flow (P < 0.05), while the compression speed effect was not significant on the maximum deformation, oil point force, effective force, flow rate of oil and permeability (P > 0.05). Oil yield decreased significantly with increasing speed hence lower driving effective force. In addition, lower effective porosity required higher effective force to drive oil flow due to lower permeability and flow rate of jatropha seeds oil. Equilibrium force between effective force and oil point force at force 100 kN was determined to be 50 kN with corresponding compression speed approximately 42.74 mm.min−1. This knowledge is important in the industrial technology of oil processing where higher pressure is needed to achieve maximum leakage of oil.
Beer Consumption in the Czech Republic and its Determinants
Authors: Rumánková L. , Šánová P. , Kolář P.
Published: April 2019

The study identifies the main beer consumption determinants in the Czech Republic and quantifies their influence on the beer consumption. The analysis covers three areas – identification of the main determinants of Czech beer consumption, quantification of the influence of these factors on beer consumption, and examination of beer consumption forecasting possibilities. Time series of selected variables containing annual data of the 1994–2014 period are analysed. The main determinants are defined in accord with the general economic theory, their influence is measured using an econometric model, and quality of the model for prognostic purposes is verified using an ex-post prognosis. Based on empirical analysis, the price of lager beer, income, and influence of financial crisis were determined as the main determinants of Czech beer consumption. In addition, inelastic reaction of beer consumption on their changes was proven. The estimated model may be considered suitable for prognostic purposes. The Czech beer market and/or beer consumption in the examined period can be considered as specific, but stable.
Analysis of the Notes to the Financial Statement Related to Balance Sheet in Case of Hungarian Information-Technology Service Companies
Authors: Fenyves Veronika , Böcskei Elvira , Bács Zoltán , Zéman Zoltán , Tarnóczi Tibor
Published: April 2019

The main aim of the study to examine the extent to which the companies of a specific Hungarian sector fulfil their obligation to provide information in their notes to the financial statements as stipulated by the Accounting Act. Accordingly, it should be examined whether the notes to financial statements contains the required data regarding the balance sheets of companies investigated. For the analyses, it was used the notes to the financial statement of 8,226 companies with Hungarian headquarters, which are regulated by the Hungarian Accounting Act and which have information-technology services as the main business activity. It was investigated 95.78% of the financial reports containing the notes. The analysis was performed using text mining method, utilizing every available notes to the financial statement of the sector. Findings of the study reveal that the amount of published information shows greater and lesser differences and in many cases, the quantity of published data does not fulfil even the minimal obligations stipulated legally.
Determinants of Shadow Economy in Eastern European Countries
Authors: Navickas Mykolas , Juščius Vytautas , Navickas Valentinas
Published: April 2019

In this article the relationship between shadow economy and its’ determinants has been examined. Ten Eastern countries from European Union were chosen due to specific particularities, which may cause higher shadow economy levels in the investigated countries compared with the EU average. Time span of 2003-2016 was selected, as 2017 data has yet to be released at the time of the analysis. Article consists of examination of the current situation and shadow economy trends in Eastern European countries; overview of shadow economy scientific literature followed by hypothesis, which are examined by constructing regression models. Models aim to distinguish the relationship between selected determinants and shadow economy size. Scientific literature analysis revealed that increase of tax burden on labor is seen as a primary reason for the increase of shadow economy, however, such relation has not been identified. Furthermore, results show that unemployment and self-employed people ratio affect shadow economy insignificantly. This suggests that further analysis is needed. Nonetheless, regression model has not rejected the hypotheses of corruption level, income inequality, business freedom and GDP per capita effect on shadow economy. Thus, it can be stated that these variables are determinants of shadow economy in Eastern European countries.
The Use of Demographic and Psychographic Segmentation to Creating Marketing Strategy of Brand Loyalty
Authors: Gajanova Lubica , Nadanyiova Margareta , Moravcikova Dominika
Published: April 2019

With growing competition, loyal customers have become the key to the company’s success. Brand loyalty has been a central structure for marketing for almost a century, yet this research topic is still modern and up to date. The aim of this contribution is to answer the research question of whether there are different segments of customers based on demographic and psychographic aspects that would differ in the level of brand loyalty in the company. In other words, do certain groups of company’s customers (according to demographic or psychographic segmentation) have a higher degree of loyalty to the company’s brand? To answer the research question, we have identified hypotheses expressing the existence of a statistical dependence between individual segmentation variable and the level of brand loyalty. Based on statistical testing of established hypotheses, we have confirmed the existence of certain company’s segments that have a higher degree of loyalty.
Employees’ Creativity Development within Innovative Processes of Enterprise
Authors: Lušňáková Zuzana , Juríčková Zuzana , Šajbidorová Mária , Lenčéšová Silvia
Published: April 2019

Business practice requires creativity to be considered an important part of management because innovation is the result of it. The aim of the paper is to find out how is the creativity of employees supported in food enterprises in Slovakia. After evaluating the information obtained from structured interview and questionnaire based on the 5-degree Likert scale, there were used one way ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test as well as Cronbach alpha and Spearman’s correlation tests. The survey also highlighted the significant innovation potential of food enterprises in Slovakia. Innovation and creativity development activities can be stimulated through the use of various techniques, with some having a specific effect on a subset of innovation types and others being applicable to a wide variety of innovations.
Examining the Validity of Wagner’s Law versus Keynesian Hypothesis: Evidence from Turkey’s Economy
Authors: Karahan Özcan , Çolak Olcay
Published: April 2019

The direction of the causality relationship between public expenditures and economic growth is one of the most controversial issues of the literature, which also causes great disagreements in the design process of economic policies. There are two approaches to this subject, which are opposite each other and called “Wagner’s Law” and “Keynesian Hypothesis”. This paper aims to examine the validity of Wagner’s law and Keynesian proposition in Turkey using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model over the period of 1998-2016. The findings supported the “Keynesian Hypothesis”, which advocates a one-way causality relationship from public spending to national output. More specifically, the results of the study showed that the effect of public expenditures on economic growth was positive in the short term and negative in the long term. From an economic policy standpoint, it can be argued that policymakers can promote Turkish economic growth through expansionary fiscal policies in the short run.
Load – Displacement Behaviour of a Pile on a Sloping Ground for Various L/D Ratios
Authors: Sivapriya S. V. , Ramanathan Rahul
Published: April 2019

An experimental study was carried out to understand the behaviour of a laterally loaded single pile on a slope with different length/diameter (L/D) ratios driven into cohesionless soil for a relative density of 70%. Static loading was applied in both forward and reverse directions for slopes of 1V:1.5H, 1V:2H, and 1V:2.5H for a constant L/D ratio representing flexible pile behaviour. It was observed that the load ratio (load on a sandy slope to the horizontal ground) decreased with an increase in the slope’s angle. The post-static behaviour of the pile under the same conditions was also studied to evaluate the elastic displacement, which increased with an increase in the slope’s angle. Due to the constant passive resistance under the reverse loading, the lateral load on the slope’s crest was almost equal to the horizontal ground’s condition. The effect of the L/D ratio was studied by varying the length and diameter and by maintaining the other parameter as a constant. The lateral load of a pile increased with an increase in its length and diameter.
ADCP Discharge Measurements on the River Danube: Post-Processing and Correction of Data
Authors: Výleta Roman , Valent Peter
Published: April 2019

Accurate measurements and analyses of river discharges are one of the key tasks of hydrology. Nowadays, the traditional methods of discharge measurements are being supplemented or even replaced by novel approaches that utilize state-of-the-art technologies. One approach, which has recently become very popular in the hydrological practice both in Slovakia and abroad, is a method utilizing the Doppler effect of sound waves. In this study, a dataset of 185 discharge measurements on the River Danube was created using a RiverRay portable Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). All the measurements were taken on the River Danube at four different cross-sections in Slovakia. The measurements were processed using the manufacturer’s WinRiver II software and further adjusted in Agila, which is a specialised third-party post-processing software aimed at correcting measurement errors from ADCP discharge measurements. Currently, some but not all countries lying in the Danube basin have included Agila post-processing in their methodologies. This causes problems and disputes between national water authorities when exchanging information about discharge measurements in the border regions. In order to respond to this problem, the main objective of this study was to compare the results of both original and corrected discharges, which were measured under a number of different circumstances, and to propose recommendations about the suitability of using Agila post-processing for discharge measurements of the River Danube.
Failure of Slender Concrete Columns Due to a Loss of Stability
Authors: Benko Vladimír , Dobrý Jakub , Čuhák Marek
Published: April 2019

The European standard for the design of concrete structures that are likely to lose stability requires taking into account the effects of second order theory. This effect increases the impact of a bending moment due to member deformation and additional eccentricity. Slender members can be calculated by the use of a non-linear method. This approach shows a deficit in global reliability for cases where the concrete columns fail due to the loss of stability before reaching the design resistance in the critical cross-sections. Buckling is a brittle failure which occurs without any warning, and the probability of its formation is markedly influenced by the slenderness of the column. Here, the calculation results are presented and compared with the results from an experiment which was carried out in cooperation with STRABAG Bratislava LTD at the Central Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil Engineering SUT in Bratislava. The columns were designed according to the methods stated in STN EN 1992-1-1, namely, a general non-linear method. The focus of this study is to compare multiple approaches based on codes used in Germany (DIN 1045-1, 2001) and Austria (ÖNORM B 4700, 2001) with the present European code mentioned above. The paper aims to compare the global reliability of slender concrete columns with variable slendernesses of 90 and 160.
Nature-Based Thermal Insulation Materials From Renewable Resources – A State-Of-The-Art Review
Authors: Bozsaky David
Published: April 2019

In the 21st century, global climate change and the high level of fossil energy consumption have introduced changes affecting all sectors of the economy, including the building industry. Reducing energy consumption has become an important task for engineers because 30% of the total energy consumption is used for heating our buildings. Recycling the huge amount of industrial and agricultural by-products has also become urgent because due to their CO2 emissions, their combustion is not a state-of-the-art alternative. Besides rediscovering some long-known, nature-based insulating materials, there are also several research projects that have resulted in new products. In the last century it was relatively easy to review this product range, but nowadays there are so many kinds of nature-based thermal insulating products, there is a need for systematization, and more in-depth knowledge about them is required. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new systematization of nature-based thermal insulation materials, summarize the main knowledge about them, and indicate the direction of recent research and development.
Classification of primary caesarean sections in labor and its usefulness for analysis of Slovenian perinatal data
Authors: Korenč Monika , Štern Katja , Verdenik Ivan , Lučovnik Miha
Published: April 2019

Objective

To determine the usefulness of a novel classification of indications for caesarean section (CS) in labour in recognizing differences in clinical practice in different maternity units.

Methods

Data from the National Perinatal Information System (NPIS) for 2013 and 2014 were used to classify indications for CS in nulliparous women with spontaneous onset of labour at ≥37 weeks with single cephalic foetuses within 14 Slovenian maternity units into foetal distress and different sub-groups of dystocia according to use and dosage of oxytocin. Chi-square test was used for statistical comparison between units (P≤0.05 significant).

Results

There were 13,572 deliveries and 1,567 (12.0%) CS in nulliparous patients with spontaneous onset of labour at ≥37 weeks with single cephalic foetuses in Slovenia during the study period. Rates of CS in this group of women differed significantly among different maternity units (from 4.1% to 20.9%; P<0.001) suggesting significant differences in clinical practice. The most common indication for CS was cephalopelvic disproportion, which was diagnosed with different frequency in different units (from 11.2% to 45.9%; odds ratio 6.72; 95% confidence interval 3.10– 14.71; P<0.001).

Conclusions

It is possible to use NPIS data to retrospectively classify indications for CS. Such classification reveals significant differences among maternity units and could allow for a meaningful analysis of CS rates in different hospitals leading to evidence-based initiatives to decrease the incidence of primary CS.
Management of frailty at individual level: Narrative review of physical activity from the European perspective of joint action on frailty – JA advantage
Authors: Strojnik Vojko , Gabrovec Branko
Published: April 2019

Introduction

This paper aimed to review the effect of physical activity and exercise in frail older persons. As the process which leads to frailty and disability can be slowed down or even completely reversed, it can be appropriate for early interventions.

Methodology

A literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Cinahl and UpToDate. The criterion in selecting the literature was that articles were published from 2002 to 2017. From 620,043 initial hits, 25 publications were selected.

Results

Physical activity and exercise in frail elderly are effective and relatively safe and may reverse frailty.

Conclusion

Different exercise interventions in frail elderly persons can increase strength and power, improve balance and reduce fall incidence resulting in greater quality of life. From this perspective, physical exercise interventions should become daily routine in frail elderly persons.
Dividend Policies and Business Groups: the Case of Croatia
Authors: Sopta Martina , Mikić Mihaela , Horvatinović Tin
Published: April 2019

There are two competing hypothesizes on whether firms that are part of a business group should pay higher or lower dividends. Under one hypothesis, that can have different theoretical assumptions, firms that are a part of a business group should pay higher dividends. In contrast, if the pecking order hypothesis holds, firms that operate within a business group should pay lower dividends. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of group affiliation of Croatian firms, which are listed on the Zagreb Stock Exchange, on their propensity to pay dividends. Two panel data models were used in line with recent literature and the results of the study show some evidence that the pecking order theory was followed by Croatian firms. From this result the conclusion is that Croatian firms are more likely to pay dividends if they are not part of a business group.
Organization in New Business Environment: a Franchisor’s View
Authors: Lahovnik Matej , Steiner Edith Bečić
Published: April 2019

This paper investigates the basic risk and incentives relationship in franchising companies. The results of past research reflect volatile influence of risk and incentives. An in-depth analysis of this relationship was conducted using case study approach, including 12 international franchise firms of two types. Our study included retail and service franchising. Findings from this research confirm basic agency theory predictions. The risk-incentives relationship is negatively correlated in retail franchise companies, due to lower royalties in the sector. Service franchise companies do not follow the same concept, due to their adaptability of franchise system to local markets. We believe service franchise systems might be responsible for volatility. However, both types of companies nurture and develop strategies based on experience and intuition. Findings of the research offer important insights in understanding the nature of franchisor’s risk perception, as the basic underlying mechanism to the risk and incentives relationship.
Senior Entrepreneurship. Self-employment by Older People – an Uncharted Territory
Authors: Fachinger Uwe
Published: April 2019

An ageing population means a growing number of healthy older people with human capital, financial resources, and time available to contribute to economic activities. However, the economic potential of older people remains mostly underused, which leads to the question, how to make best use of the underused. One way would be fostering senior entrepreneurship. The paper discusses which factors may positively influence or hinder the self-employment of older people. Overall, attention will be drawn to the relevance of older people in the field of business and entrepreneurial economics. From an economic point of view, it seems necessary not only to focus on young people but also to take into account the large and still growing economic potential of the elderly. There seems to be a treasure in waiting.
Comparison of different weed control methods in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under rainfed conditions
Authors: Kausar Samra , Hassan Muhammad Zia ul , Khan Muhammad Arif
Published: April 2019

The experiment was carried out at Adaptive Research Farm Bhaun Chakwal during Kharif 2014, 2015 and 2016 successive seasons to evaluate the most appropriate method of weed control in groundnut. Three weed control measures were evaluated   i.e. pre emergence application of Ipiflour (trifluralin), Stomp (pendimethaline) and hoeing. A weedy check (Control) was also included in the experiment for comparison purpose. The results showed that both chemicals gave significant better yield than hoeing. Stomp as pre emergence weedicides gave significant yield (710.6 kg/ha) during all tested periods and gave maximum net return of Rs. 17919/- with CBR 5.66 followed by ipiflour with net return of Rs.8773.2/- and CBR 3.77. It is concluded from the experiment that the  hand hoeing gave reasonable groundnut yield (680kg/ha) but it was uneconomical due to high labor wages. So it is concluded that weedicides application is most appropriate and economical method of weed control in groundnut.
Potential of wild plant Artemisia judaica L. as sustainable source of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds
Authors: El-Amier Yasser A. , Al Borki Abd El-Nasser S. , Elagami Shrouk A.
Published: April 2019

Artemisia judaica L. (Shih Balady, family Asteraceae), is a medicinal plant that grows in the desert, commonly used as tea by population in Egypt Sinai and of Saudi Arabia. The present study aims to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of aerial parts of A. judaica collected from the inland desert (Wadi Hagoul) of Egypt. Total phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins were measured in the plant of interest. According to the reduction of DPPH the anti-oxidant activity was measured. Different extracts of A. judaica were screened for their antimicrobial activity against nine pathogenic microorganisms using filter paper disc assay. The secondary metabolites of A. judaica were examined and proved that it was rich in tannins and phenolics (13.29 and 7.62 mg/g dw). The IC50 values of A. judaica extract was 1.78 mg.ml-1 compared to standard catechol (0.15 mg.ml-1). In the present study, the extracts of A.  judaica showed unusual activity depending on the type of bacteria and fungi. Also, ethyl acetate and methyl alcohol extracts showed considerable broad spectrum (77.78%, each) against both bacteria and fungi, followed by acetone, then methylene chloride and petroleum ether extracts. This study showed that A. judaica extracts could be used as antimicrobial substances in pharmaceutical and food preservation systems.
Nitrogen mineralization and microbial activity as influenced by sulfur sources in an alkaline calcareous soil
Authors: Shah Tufail , Shah Zahir , Shah Syed Atizaz Ali , Ahmad Nazir
Published: April 2019

A study was performed to check the effects of various sources of sulfur on microbial activity, microbial population, N mineralization and organic matter content in an alkaline calcareous soil by using soil samples collected from Malakandher Farm at 0-20 cm depth, and analyzed for microbial activity, total mineral nitrogen, bacterial and fungal population and organic matter content. The results showed that the rate of CO2 evolution and cumulative CO2 production were higher in soils amended with elemental sulfur followed by sulfuric acid and gypsum treated soils. The microbial activity decreased with incubation period in all treatments, and the microbial population was greatly affected by sulfur sources. Generally, the bacterial population decreased in soils amended with elemental sulfur, but the population was higher in soils amended with gypsum. Bacterial population was suppressed in soils treated with sulfuric acid. However, the fungal population was higher in soils amended with sulfuric acids was less in soil amended with elemental sulfur. The sulfur amendments promoted immobilization of N. The net N immobilized was higher in soil amended with gypsum followed by soils amended with sulfuric acid and elemental sulfur. The percent organic matter was higher in soils amended with gypsum and was decreased compared with that amended with elemental sulfur or sulfuric acid. These results suggested that soil microbiological properties changed with sulfur amendments during laboratory incubation.
Saúde mental e aplicação penal: destino de presos considerados inimputáveis
Authors: Machado João Paulo Silva , Rodrigues Gabriel Roberto Baena , Batista Igor Nascimento , Silva Luigi Ferreira e , Figueiredo Marina Fleury de , Souza Raphaela Ferreira de , Real Mauro Marcelo Furtado
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Verificar o destino dos sujeitos classificados como inimputáveis no Instituto Médico Legal do Centro de Perícias Científicas “Renato Chaves”, analisando os fatores determinantes dos desfechos possíveis. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com 76 periciandos considerados inimputáveis, nos anos de 2012 a 2013, em centro forense no estado do Pará. Os dados foram obtidos através de protocolo de pesquisa revisando o exame de responsabilidade penal, e analisados pelos testes de Qui-quadrado de Aderência e o Teste Exato de Fisher. Resultados: Na casuística destacou-se: o gênero masculino (89,5%), nível escolar: ensino fundamental (55,3%), e crimes hediondos (51,3%). As análises que tiveram relevância estatística foram: preponderância de crimes hediondos cometidos pelos periciandos submetidos à medida de segurança detentiva (44,7%), e internações como medida de segurança com frequência relevante para aqueles com transtornos psicóticos (39,5%) abuso de substâncias psicoativas e retardo mental (13,2%). Conclusão: A medida de segurança detentiva foi a mais frequente, justificadas pelos transtornos psicóticos. Apenas o tipo de crime e o grupo dos transtornos psicóticos foram determinantes sobre a escolha do tipo de medida de segurança. O acompanhamento desses pacientes desde a atenção básica pode minimizar o risco de desfechos negativos tanto para si quanto para a sociedade.
O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e as práticas pedagógicas em sala de aula
Authors: Moura Luciana Teles , Silva Katiane Pedrosa Mirandola
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Revisar na literatura científica as práticas pedagógicas que devem ser utilizadas pelos professores de alunos com diagnóstico de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) em sala de aula. Resultados e Discussão: Como resultado desse estudo foi possível identificar as principais práticas pedagógicas que devem ser utilizadas pelos educadores com estudantes portadores do TDAH, visando amenizar as dificuldades enfrentadas por esses alunos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Considerações finais: Pode-se concluir que a inserção de nova práticas pedagógicas no processo de ensino dos alunos TDAHs são necessárias e muito importantes, pois as mesmas buscam amenizar os desafios que os discentes enfrentam em sala de aula devido a esse transtorno. Espera-se, a partir desse estudo, contribuir de forma efetiva para que os professores de alunos diagnosticados com o TDAH reflitam em suas práticas pedagógicas, tornando sua atuação mais adequada, vislumbrando transpor as dificuldades vivenciadas pelos alunos TDAHs.
VITAMINAS HIDROSSOLÚVEIS (B6, B12 E C): UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Cardoso Filho Otávio , Barbosa Cruz Isabela , Rodrigues Santos Amanda , Couto Quintão Valeria , Roseli Rios Durãs Lorena , Danielle Ribeiro Renata , Morais Costa Franciellen , Barbosa Cruz Lucas , Tolentino Moura Paulo Henrique , Fernanda de Freitas Daniela , Ribeiro Arrudas Sônia , Pereira Sena da Cruz Allan Crystia , Costa Mendes Patrícia Helena , Regina Souza Ludmilla
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: O presente trabalho objetivou descrever a importância das vitaminas hidrossolúveis (B6, B12 e C) e verificar as consequências do excesso e da carência dessas vitaminas na dieta alimentar das pessoas. Material e Método: Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura científica dos periódicos disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) sobre o tema proposto. Resultado: A vitamina b12 é importante em várias fases do organismo, como no crescimento, desenvolvimento e maturação das células. A vitamina C é de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento humano, pois ela é responsável pelo nosso sistema imune e pode ser facilmente encontrada em frutas cítricas. A vitamina B6, tem uma grande importância quanto aos processos de coenzimas. Desta forma, fica evidente a importância desse grupo de vitaminas para a dieta alimentar, tendo em vista que desempenha numerosos benefícios ao metabolismo. Conclusão: As vitaminas hidrossolúveis (B6, B12 e C) são substâncias que atuam na formação e manutenção de componentes essências ao funcionamento do organismo humano. Entretanto, o excesso e a carência dessas vitaminas podem acarretar prejuízos à saúde.
Potencial inflamatório da dieta e risco de câncer de mama
Authors: Nogueira Thaís Rodrigues , Caldas Daniele Rodrigues Carvalho , Araújo Camila Guedes Borges de , Silva Maria da Cruz Moura e , Nogueira Nadir do Nascimento , Rodrigues Gilmara Péres
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Revisar o conhecimento atual sobre o potencial inflamatório da dieta e o risco de neoplasia mamária. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada por meio de pesquisa de artigos originais, publicados nos últimos dez anos, em inglês, português e espanhol, indexados nas bases de dados Pubmed e Scopus (Elsevier®). Resultados: Foram recuperados 93 artigos, dos quais 11,8% (n=11) foram incluídos nesta revisão, para leitura do texto integral. Após análise do texto completo, verificou-se que 81,8% (n=9) demonstraram relação positiva entre a adoção de padrões alimentares pró-inflamatórios e o risco aumentado de câncer de mama na população feminina. De forma contrária, dois artigos (18,2%) demonstraram que o padrão dietético não é fator determinante da carcinogênese mamária, embora possa potencializar o desenvolvimento da doença em mulheres com predisposição genética. Conclusão: Conclui-se que dietas de elevado potencial inflamatório estão associadas ao aumento do risco de câncer de mama.
Tecnologia CAD/CAM (Desenho Assistido por Computador/Manufatura assistida por computador) aplicada à prótese dentária: estado atual
Authors: Rocha Géssica Luane Pessoa , Abreu Celina Wanderley de
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Revisar na literatura científica sistema CAD-CAM, apresentar seus usos na prótese dentária e posicionar o estado atual de evidência científica de sua utilização no dia a dia do profissional, além de mostrar suas vantagens e desvantagens quando comparados aos sistemas convencionais. Métodos: Esta é uma revisão da literatura publicada entre os anos de 2006 e 2017, utilizando artigos depositados nas bases de dados Bireme, Scielo, Ebsco e Pubmed, incluindo-se, publicações nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: O sistema CAD/CAM é um conceito moderno e revolucionário na odontologia, esse sistema permite que restaurações cerâmicas, próteses fixas, próteses totais, próteses parciais removíveis sejam realizadas no consultório odontológico em apenas uma consulta clínica. O seu surgimento tem transformado a maneira de realizar as restaurações e reabilitações orais e tem demostrado excelentes resultados e uma qualidade comparáveis aos sistemas atualmente mais usados. Atualmente, os sistemas CAD/CAM podem ser considerados uma alternativa confiável, prática e esteticamente aceitável para o dia a dia do profissional. Cada vez mais o mercado vem ampliando suas indicações e aplicações fazendo com que cada vez mais fiquem acessíveis para mais profissionais. Seu uso não é mais difundido atualmente devido aos custos para sua implementação que ainda são muito elevados. Considerações finais: Conclui-se através da pesquisa que a tecnologia CAD/CAM trouxe vários benefícios para a Odontologia para suas diversas áreas, em especial a área de próteses dentárias.