bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emulsions Made of Oils from Seeds of GM Flax Protect V79 Cells against Oxidative Stress
Authors: Skorkowska-Telichowska Katarzyna , Hasiewicz-Derkacz Karolina , Gębarowski Tomasz , Kulma Anna , Moreira Helena , Kostyn Kamil , Gębczak Katarzyna , Szyjka Anna , Wojtasik Wioleta , Gąsiorowski Kazimierz
Published: December 2015

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and hydrophilic phenolic compounds are components of flax oil that act as antioxidants. We investigated the impact of flax oil from transgenic flax in the form of emulsions on stressed Chinese hamster pulmonary fibroblasts. We found that the emulsions protect V79 cells against the H2O2 and the effect is dose dependent. They reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and protected genomic DNA against damage. The rate of cell proliferation increased upon treatment with the emulsions at a low concentration, while at a high concentration it decreased significantly, accompanied by increased frequency of apoptotic cell death. Expression analysis of selected genes revealed the upregulatory impact of the emulsions on the histones, acetylases, and deacetylases. Expression of apoptotic, proinflammatory, and anti‐inflammatory genes was also altered. It is thus suggested that flax oil emulsions might be useful as a basis for biomedical products that actively protect cells against inflammation and degeneration. The beneficial effect on fibroblast resistance to oxidative damage was superior in the emulsion made of oil from transgenic plants which was correlated with the quantity of antioxidants and squalene. The emulsions from transgenic flax are promising candidates for skin protection against oxidative damage.
Functional Overload Enhances Satellite Cell Properties in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Fujimaki Shin , Machida Masanao , Wakabayashi Tamami , Asashima Makoto , Takemasa Tohru , Kuwabara Tomoko
Published: December 2015

Skeletal muscle represents a plentiful and accessible source of adult stem cells. Skeletal‐muscle‐derived stem cells, termed satellite cells, play essential roles in postnatal growth, maintenance, repair, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Although it is well known that the number of satellite cells increases following physical exercise, functional alterations in satellite cells such as proliferative capacity and differentiation efficiency following exercise and their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that functional overload, which is widely used to model resistance exercise, causes skeletal muscle hypertrophy and converts satellite cells from quiescent state to activated state. Our analysis showed that functional overload induces the expression of MyoD in satellite cells and enhances the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of these cells. The changes in satellite cell properties coincided with the inactivation of Notch signaling and the activation of Wnt signaling and likely involve modulation by transcription factors of the Sox family. These results indicate the effects of resistance exercise on the regulation of satellite cells and provide insight into the molecular mechanism of satellite cell activation following physical exercise.
The Fate and Distribution of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Intra‐Arterial Infusion in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Dogs
Authors: Jin Hongting , Xu Taotao , Chen Qiqing , Wu Chengliang , Wang Pinger , Mao Qiang , Zhang Shanxing , Shen Jiayi , Tong Peijian
Published: December 2015

This study aimed to investigate if autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
could treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and what the fate and distribution of the
cells are in dogs. Twelve Beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups: MSCs group and
SHAM operated group. After three weeks, dogs in MSCs group and SHAM operated group were
intra‐arterially injected with autologous MSCs and 0.9% normal saline, respectively. Eight
weeks after treatment, the necrotic volume of the femoral heads was significantly reduced in
MSCs group. Moreover, the trabecular bone volume was increased and the empty lacunae rate was
decreased in MSCs group. In addition, the BrdU‐positive MSCs were unevenly distributed in femoral
heads and various vital organs. But no obvious abnormalities were observed. Furthermore, most of
BrdU‐positive MSCs in necrotic region expressed osteocalcin in MSCs group and a few expressed
peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ). Taken together, these data
indicated that intra‐arterially infused MSCs could migrate into the necrotic field of femoral heads
and differentiate into osteoblasts, thus improving the necrosis of femoral heads. It suggests that
intra‐arterial infusion of autologous MSCs might be a feasible and relatively safe method for the treatment of femoral head necrosis.
Deguelin Analogue SH-1242 Inhibits Hsp90 Activity and Exerts Potent Anticancer Efficacy with Limited Neurotoxicity
Authors: Lee Su-Chan , Min Hye-Young , Choi Hoon , Bae Song Yi , Park Kwan Hee , Hyun Seung Yeob , Lee Ho Jin , Moon Jayoung , Park Shin-Hyung , Kim Jun Yong , An Hongchan , Park So-Jung , Seo Ji Hae , Lee Seungbeom , Kim Young-Myeong , Park Hyun-Ju , Lee Sang Kook , Lee Jeewoo , Lee Jeeyeon , Kim Kyu-Won , Suh Young-Ger , Lee Ho-Young
Published: December 2015

The Hsp90 facilitates proper folding of signaling proteins associated with cancer progression, gaining attention as a target for therapeutic intervention. The natural rotenoid deguelin was identified as an Hsp90 inhibitor, but concerns about neurotoxicity have limited prospects for clinical development. In this study, we report progress on deguelin analogues that address this limitation, focusing on the novel analogue SH-1242 as a candidate to broadly target human lung cancer cells, including those that are chemoresistant or harboring KRAS mutations. In a KRAS-driven mouse model of lung cancer, SH-1242 administration reduced tumor multiplicity, volume, and load. Similarly, in human cell line–based or patient-derived tumor xenograft models, SH-1242 induced apoptosis and reduced tumor vasculature in the absence of detectable toxicity. In contrast to deguelin, SH-1242 toxicity was greatly reduced in normal cells and when administered to rats did not produce obvious histopathologic features in the brain. Mechanistic studies revealed that SH-1242 bound to the C-terminal ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90, disrupting the ability to interact with its co-chaperones and clients and triggering a degradation of client proteins without affecting Hsp70 expression. Taken together, our findings illustrate the superior properties of SH-1242 as an Hsp90 inhibitor and as an effective antitumor and minimally toxic agent, providing a foundation for advancing further preclinical and clinical studies. Cancer Res; 76(3); 686–99. ©2015 AACR.
Multinucleation and Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition Alleviate Resistance to Combined Cabazitaxel and Antiandrogen Therapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Martin Sarah K. , Pu Hong , Penticuff Justin C. , Cao Zheng , Horbinski Craig , Kyprianou Natasha
Published: December 2015

Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) frequently develop therapeutic resistance to taxane chemotherapy and antiandrogens. Cabazitaxel is a second-line taxane chemotherapeutic agent that provides additional survival benefits to patients with advanced disease. In this study, we sought to identify the mechanism of action of combined cabazitaxel and androgen receptor (AR) targeting in preclinical models of advanced prostate cancer. We found that cabazitaxel induced mitotic spindle collapse and multinucleation by targeting the microtubule depolymerizing kinesins and inhibiting AR. In androgen-responsive tumors, treatment with the AR inhibitor, enzalutamide, overcame resistance to cabazitaxel. Combination treatment of human CRPC xenografts with cabazitaxel and enzalutamide reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) to mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) and led to multinucleation, while retaining nuclear AR. In a transgenic mouse model of androgen-responsive prostate cancer, cabazitaxel treatment induced MET, glandular redifferentiation, and AR nuclear localization that was inhibited by androgen deprivation. Collectively, our preclinical studies demonstrate that prostate tumor resistance to cabazitaxel can be overcome by antiandrogen-mediated EMT-MET cycling in androgen-sensitive tumors but not in CRPC. Moreover, AR splice variants may preclude patients with advanced disease from responding to cabazitaxel chemotherapy and antiandrogen combination therapy. This evidence enables a significant insight into therapeutic cross-resistance to taxane chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy in advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 76(4); 912–26. ©2015 AACR.
Genetic Landscapes of Relapsed and Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Morin Ryan D. , Assouline Sarit , Alcaide Miguel , Mohajeri Arezoo , Johnston Rebecca L. , Chong Lauren , Grewal Jasleen , Yu Stephen , Fornika Daniel , Bushell Kevin , Nielsen Torsten Holm , Petrogiannis-Haliotis Tina , Crump Michael , Tosikyan Axel , Grande Bruno M. , MacDonald David , Rousseau Caroline , Bayat Maryam , Sesques Pierre , Froment Remi , Albuquerque Marco , Monczak Yury , Oros Kathleen Klein , Greenwood Celia , Riazalhosseini Yasser , Arseneault Madeleine , Camlioglu Errol , Constantin André , Pan-Hammarstrom Qiang , Peng Roujun , Mann Koren K. , Johnson Nathalie A.
Published: December 2015

Purpose: Relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (rrDLBCL) is fatal in 90% of patients, and yet little is known about its biology.

Experimental Design: Using exome sequencing, we characterized the mutation profiles of 38 rrDLBCL biopsies obtained at the time of progression after immunochemotherapy. To identify genes that may be associated with relapse, we compared the mutation frequency in samples obtained at relapse to an unrelated cohort of 138 diagnostic DLBCLs and separately amplified specific mutations in their matched diagnostic samples to identify clonal expansions.

Results: On the basis of a higher frequency at relapse and evidence for clonal selection, TP53, FOXO1, MLL3 (KMT2C), CCND3, NFKBIZ, and STAT6 emerged as top candidate genes implicated in therapeutic resistance. We observed individual examples of clonal expansions affecting genes whose mutations had not been previously associated with DLBCL including two regulators of NF-κB: NFKBIE and NFKBIZ. We detected mutations that may be affect sensitivity to novel therapeutics, such as MYD88 and CD79B mutations, in 31% and 23% of patients with activated B-cell–type of rrDLBCL, respectively. We also identified recurrent STAT6 mutations affecting D419 in 36% of patients with the germinal center B (GCB) cell rrDLBCL. These were associated with activated JAK/STAT signaling, increased phospho-STAT6 protein expression and increased expression of STAT6 target genes.

Conclusions: This work improves our understanding of therapeutic resistance in rrDLBCL and has identified novel therapeutic opportunities especially for the high-risk patients with GCB-type rrDLBCL. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2290–300. ©2015 AACR.
Phase II Drug-Metabolizing Polymorphisms and Smoking Predict Recurrence of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Gene–Smoking Interaction
Authors: Lacombe Louis , Fradet Vincent , Lévesque Éric , Pouliot Frédéric , Larue Hélène , Bergeron Alain , Hovington Hélène , Caron André , Nguile-Makao Molière , Harvey Mario , Fradet Yves , Guillemette Chantal
Published: December 2015

Cigarette smoking is the most important known risk factor for urinary bladder cancer. Selected arylamines in cigarette smoke are recognized human bladder carcinogens and undergo biotransformation through several detoxification pathways, such as the glutathione S-transferases (GST), and uridine-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) pathways. GSTM1 deletion status and UGT1A1*28 rs8175347 genotypes were assessed in 189 non–muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC) patients with pTa (77.2%) and pT1 (22.8%) tumors and a mean follow-up of 5.6 years, to investigate whether two common functional polymorphisms in GSTM1 and UGT1A1 genes and smoking history are associated with recurrence-free survival of patients with NMIBC. Most patients were current (48.7%) or previous (35.4%) cigarette smokers and 15.9% never smoked. Tumor recurrence occurred in 65.1% of patients, at a median time of 12.9 months. Upon multivariate analysis, previous and current smokers approximately tripled their risk of recurrences [HR = 2.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–7.40 and HR = 2.93; 95% CI, 1.08–7.94, respectively]. When adjusted for age, smoking status, stage, grade, gender, and presence of carcinoma in situ, carriers of GSTM1 (+/− and −/−) and UGT1A1*28/*28 alleles were significantly at risk of NMIBC recurrence (HR = 10.05; 95% CI, 1.35–75.1 and HR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.01–3.62, respectively). Compared with nonsmokers with UGT1A1*1/*1 and *1/*28 genotypes, previous and current smokers homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele demonstrated a risk of recurrence of 4.95 (95% CI, 1.02–24.0) and 5.32 (95% CI, 2.07–13.7), respectively. This study establishes a connection between GSTM1, UGT1A1, and tobacco exposure as prognostic markers of NMIBC recurrence in bladder cancer patients. These findings warrant validation in larger cohorts. Cancer Prev Res; 9(2); 189–95. ©2015 AACR.
Tumor Heterogeneity and Lesion-Specific Response to Targeted Therapy in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Russo Mariangela , Siravegna Giulia , Blaszkowsky Lawrence S. , Corti Giorgio , Crisafulli Giovanni , Ahronian Leanne G. , Mussolin Benedetta , Kwak Eunice L. , Buscarino Michela , Lazzari Luca , Valtorta Emanuele , Truini Mauro , Jessop Nicholas A. , Robinson Hayley E. , Hong Theodore S. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Di Nicolantonio Federica , Thabet Ashraf , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea , Siena Salvatore , Iafrate A. John , Bardelli Alberto , Corcoran Ryan B.
Published: December 2015

How genomic heterogeneity associated with acquired resistance to targeted agents affects response to subsequent therapy is unknown. We studied EGFR blockade in colorectal cancer to assess whether tissue and liquid biopsies can be integrated with radiologic imaging to monitor the impact of individual oncogenic alterations on lesion-specific responses. Biopsy of a patient's progressing liver metastasis following prolonged response to cetuximab revealed a MEK1K57T mutation as a novel mechanism of acquired resistance. This lesion regressed upon treatment with panitumumab and the MEK inhibitor trametinib. In circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), mutant MEK1 levels declined with treatment, but a previously unrecognized KRASQ61H mutation was also identified that increased despite therapy. This same KRAS mutation was later found in a separate nonresponding metastasis. In summary, parallel analyses of tumor biopsies and serial ctDNA monitoring show that lesion-specific radiographic responses to subsequent targeted therapies can be driven by distinct resistance mechanisms arising within separate tumor lesions in the same patient.

Significance: Molecular heterogeneity ensuing from acquired resistance drives lesion-specific responses to subsequent targeted therapies. Analysis of a single-lesion biopsy is inadequate to guide selection of subsequent targeted therapies. ctDNA profiles allow the detection of concomitant resistance mechanisms residing in separate metastases and assessment of the effect of therapies designed to overcome resistance. Cancer Discov; 6(2); 147–53. ©2015 AACR.

See related commentary by Hiley and Swanton, p. 122.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 109
Triggering of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death by Zosuquidar
Authors: Briglia Marilena , Fazio Antonella , Faggio Caterina , Lang Florian
Published: December 2015

Background: The P-glycoprotein inhibitor zosuquidar (LY335979) is clinically used to augment the effect of cytostatic drugs on suicidal tumor cell death or apoptosis. The present study explored whether the substance is cytotoxic to erythrocytes. Upon injury, erythrocytes may undergo suicidal cell death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and translocation of cell membrane phosphatidylserine to the erythrocyte surface. Signaling of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress and activation of several kinases, such as p38 kinase and protein kinase C. Methods: Phosphatidylserine abundance at the erythrocyte surface was quantified from binding of FITC-labelled annexin-V, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) from 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence. Results: A 48 h treatment of human erythrocytes with zosuquidar significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells (2 and 4 µg/ml), significantly decreased forward scatter (4 µg/ml), significantly increased [Ca2+]i (4 µg/ml), but did not significantly modify ROS. The up-regulation of annexin-V-binding following zosuquidar (4 µg/ml) treatment was significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca2+, by presence of p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 (2 µM) and by presence of protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin (100 nM). Conclusions: Exposure of erythrocytes to zosuquidar triggers suicidal erythrocyte death with erythrocyte shrinkage and erythrocyte membrane scrambling, an effect involving Ca2+ entry and requiring activity of SB203580 and calphostin sensitive kinases.
Crocetin Activates Foxp3 Through TIPE2 in Asthma-Associated Treg Cells
Authors: Ding Jurong , Su Jianhua , Zhang Li , Ma Jian
Published: December 2015

Background/Aims: Regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical regulators of asthma. Crocetin is isolated from Chinese herb saffron and is a natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid with anti-inflammatory potential. However, the effects of Crocetin on asthma as well as the underlying mechanisms have not been studied. Methods: We used Crocetin to treat mice with established ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. We purified CD4+CD25+ Treg cells by flow cytometry and analyzed the levels of two immunoregulatory proteins Foxp3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) in Treg cells. We depleted either Foxp3 or TIPE2 in mouse lung through lentivirus-mediated delivery of shRNA, and analyzed their effects on severity of asthma and Treg cells after Crocetin treatment. Results: Crocetin treatment significantly reduced the severity of an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in mice. Moreover, Crocetin significantly increased the levels of TIPE2 and Foxp3 in Treg cells and the number of Treg cells. Depletion of Foxp3 abolished the increased in Treg cells, and the effects of Crocetin on the severity of asthma, without affecting TIPE2 levels in Treg cells. On the other hand, depletion of TIPE2 abolished both the increased in Treg cells and the effects of Crocetin on the severity of asthma, through suppressing Foxp3. Conclusion: Crocetin may activate Foxp3 through TIPE2 in asthma-associated Treg cells to mitigate the severity of asthma.
Social Anxiety, Affect, Cortisol Response and Performance on a Speech Task
Authors: Losiak Wladyslaw , Blaut Agata , Klosowska Joanna , Slowik Natalia
Published: December 2015

Background: Social anxiety is characterized by increased emotional reactivity to social stimuli, but results of studies focusing on affective reactions of socially anxious subjects in the situation of social exposition are inconclusive, especially in the case of endocrinological measures of affect. Sampling and Methods: This study was designed to examine individual differences in endocrinological and affective reactions to social exposure as well as in performance on a speech task in a group of students (n = 44) comprising subjects with either high or low levels of social anxiety. Measures of salivary cortisol and positive and negative affect were taken before and after an impromptu speech. Self-ratings and observer ratings of performance were also obtained. Results: Cortisol levels and negative affect increased in both groups after the speech task, and positive affect decreased; however, group × affect interactions were not significant. Assessments conducted after the speech task revealed that highly socially anxious participants had lower observer ratings of performance while cortisol increase and changes in self-reported affect were not related to performance. Conclusions: Socially anxious individuals do not differ from nonanxious individuals in affective reactions to social exposition, but reveal worse performance at a speech task.
Foot Pain and Pronated Foot Type Are Associated with Self-Reported Mobility Limitations in Older Adults: The Framingham Foot Study
Authors: Menz Hylton B. , Dufour Alyssa B. , Katz Patricia , Hannan Marian T.
Published: December 2015

Background: The foot plays an important role in supporting the body when undertaking weight-bearing activities. Aging is associated with an increased prevalence of foot pain and a lowering of the arch of the foot, both of which may impair mobility. Objective: To examine the associations of foot pain, foot posture and dynamic foot function with self-reported mobility limitations in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Foot examinations were conducted on 1,860 members of the Framingham Study in 2002-2005. Foot posture was categorized as normal, planus or cavus using static pressure measurements, and foot function was categorized as normal, pronated or supinated using dynamic pressure measurements. Participants were asked whether they had foot pain and any difficulty performing a list of eight weight-bearing tasks. Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression models were used to examine the associations of foot pain, posture, function and ability to perform these activities. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, height and weight, foot pain was significantly associated with difficulty performing all eight weight-bearing activities. Compared to those with normal foot posture and function, participants with planus foot posture were more likely to report difficulty remaining balanced [odds ratio (OR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.85; p = 0.018] and individuals with pronated foot function were more likely to report difficulty walking across a small room (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.02-4.22; p = 0.045). Foot pain and planus foot posture were associated with an overall mobility limitation score combining performances on each measure. Conclusion: Foot pain, planus foot posture and pronated foot function are associated with self-reported difficulty undertaking common weight-bearing tasks. Interventions to reduce foot pain and improve foot posture and function may therefore have a role in improving mobility in older adults.
Hydrocortisone Dose Influences Pain, Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Health in Adrenal Insufficiency: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Werumeus Buning Jorien , Brummelman Pauline , Koerts Janneke , Dullaart Robin P.F. , van den Berg Gerrit , van der Klauw Melanie M. , Sluiter Wim J. , Tucha Oliver , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H.R. , van Beek André P.
Published: December 2015

Background: There is a major lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of hydrocortisone (HC) substitution therapy in patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of two different replacement doses of HC on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a RCT. Methods: This RCT with a double-blind cross-over design was performed at the University Medical Center Groningen. Forty-seven patients (29 men, age 51 ± 14 years, range 19-73 years) with secondary adrenal insufficiency participated. Patients received both a lower and a higher dose of HC (0.2-0.3 and 0.4-0.6 mg/kg body weight/day) for 10 weeks in random order. HRQoL was assessed with a daily mood and symptom checklist (Patient Health Questionnaire-15 [PHQ-15], Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7], Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and with questionnaires assessing general well-being (RAND 36-Item Health Survey [RAND-36]), mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) and fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 [MFI-20]). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01546922. Results: Patients receiving the higher dose of HC reported significantly fewer symptoms of depression (p = 0.016 and p = 0.045 for HADS and PHQ-9, respectively), less general and mental fatigue (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively, both MFI-20), increased motivation (p = 0.021, MFI-20), better physical functioning (p = 0.041), better general health (p = 0.013) and more vitality (p = 0.025) (all RAND-36). In addition, while on the higher dose, fewer somatic symptoms (p = 0.022) and less pain (p < 0.001) (both PHQ-15) were experienced. Conclusions: On the higher dose of HC, patients reported a better HRQoL on various domains as compared to the lower dose of HC. The fact that a higher dose of HC may improve patient well-being should be taken into consideration when individualizing the HC substitution dose.
As Práticas de Leitura Literária e a Literatura Infantil no Acervo do Estágio de Formação do Educador em Serviço – EFES: Resultados e Análises Preliminares de um Projeto de Pesquisa e Extensão Universitária
Authors: Hatagima Gustavo , Rezende Neide Luzia de , Moraes Dislane Zerbinatti
Published: December 2015

O presente artigo se propõe a expor os resultados preliminares desta pesquisa de Iniciação Científica que procura obter elementos e fontes que contribuam para uma melhor compreensão das práticas de leitura literária e formação de leitores bem como da presença (ou ausência) da literatura infantil na escola pública brasileira entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990. Por meio da identificação, organização e análise do Acervo do Estágio de Formação do Educador em Serviço – EFES, procuramos reconstituir o que Chervel [2] e Julia [5] chamam de "história das disciplinas escolares", no que diz respeito ao ensino da língua portuguesa e literatura, bem como a própria história desse complexo e longo projeto de pesquisa e extensão universitária. Uma primeira abordagem e análise desse arquivo já nos permite compreender seu potencial para futuras pesquisas, bem como nos possibilitou resgatar as publicações da equipe EFES durante seu período de existência. Apresentaremos uma síntese da primeira triagem dessa documentação, que constituirá nosso corpus documental.
Dia Sem Carne: Relato de um Projeto de Extensão
Authors: Carvalho Aline Martins de , Martins Joyce Godinho , Negrão Camila , Selem Soraya Sant'Ana de Castro , Andrade Samantha Caesar de , Vieira Viviane Laudelino , Fisberg Regina Mara , Marchioni Dirce Maria
Published: December 2015

O projeto de extensão Dia Sem Carne foi elaborado na Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP, em 2012, com o objetivo de discutir com a comunidade acadêmica sobre os riscos causados à saúde e ao meio ambiente pelo consumo excessivo de carne. Durante o ano de 2012 o projeto foi chamado Segunda Sem Carne na FSP e a ação principal foi a parceria com o restaurante da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo-COSEAS, no qual houve a inclusão de um cardápio sem carne em uma segunda-feira de cada mês. Além disso, o projeto atingiu o ciberespaço e as mídias sociais, com uma página no Facebook e um blog. Em 2013, o projeto alcançou a comunidade externa à USP, com parceria firmada com a Alimentação Escolar do Município de São Paulo e com o Centro de Referência para prevenção e controle de doenças associadas à Nutrição – CRNutri para a realização de palestras e oficinas para a comunidade, além de continuar com ações digitais por meio do blog e mídia social.
Divulgação Científica em Astronomia no Observatório Abrahão de Moraes
Authors: Teixeira Ramachrisna , Soja Ana Cecília , Coelho Luciene Da Silva , Santucci Rafael Miloni , Arizono Elisa Carolina
Published: December 2015

O Observatório Abrahão de Moraes, com sede no município de Valinhos-SP e acesso por Vinhedo-SP, é um laboratório de pesquisa científica pertencente ao Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas da Universidade de São Paulo. Graças aos interesses e esforços de professores, alunos e funcionários, ele gradativamente abriu suas portas à divulgação científica, sendo hoje, reconhecidamente, um importante centro de difusão do conhecimento na região, atingindo também cidades mais distantes. Esta difusão se dá através de contatos diretos com o público nas visitações diurnas, bastante frequentes, nas noites de observações regulares, ambas com agendamento prévio e ainda nos eventos esporádicos como Portas abertas e Férias com mais estrelas, além de palestras e estágios. Além disso, tem também um contato indireto bastante intenso, através do uso de um de seus telescópios via internet e de frequentes inserções na mídia, principalmente regional. Desde 2008 são recebidos, em média, mais de 2000 visitantes por ano e pode ser muito mais ainda, desde que tenha infraestrutura material e humana adequadas. O aprimoramento das condições atuais está no horizonte da instituição, vindo de encontro à valorização, cada vez maior, que a USP e outros órgãos financiadores de pesquisa estão dando a essas atividades.
Association of Patient-Reported Health Status With Long-Term Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Arnold Suzanne V. , Spertus John A. , Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Dai Dadi , O’Brien Sean M. , Baron Suzanne J. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Mack Michael J. , Green Philip , Reynolds Matthew R. , Rumsfeld John S. , Cohen David J.
Published: December 2015

Background—

Although transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an effective treatment for aortic stenosis, long-term mortality after TAVR remains high and challenging to predict. The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) is a health status measure, assessed directly from patients, that integrates 2 clinically relevant factors (symptoms and functional status) that may predict TAVR outcomes.

Methods and Results—

Among 7769 patients from 286 sites in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) Transcatheter Valve Therapy (TVT) Registry, we examined the association between preprocedure (baseline) patient health status, as assessed by the KCCQ, and 1-year mortality after TAVR. The KCCQ Overall Summary Score was categorized as very poor: <25, poor: 25 to 49, fair: 50 to 74, or good: ≥75. Before TAVR, health status was rated as very poor in 28%, poor in 38%, fair in 24%, and good in 10%. Patients with worse health status were more likely to be women and had more comorbidities and higher STS mortality risk scores. Compared with those with good health status before TAVR and after adjusting for a broad range of baseline covariates, patients with very poor health status had a 2-fold increased hazard of death over the first year after TAVR (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.58–2.54), whereas those with poor and fair health status had intermediate outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–1.95 and adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.55, respectively).

Conclusions—

In a national, contemporary practice cohort, worse preprocedure patient health status, as assessed by the KCCQ, was associated with greater long-term mortality after TAVR. These results support the measurement and integration of the KCCQ into mortality risk assessments for patients considering TAVR.
Effects of Optimism and Gratitude on Physical Activity, Biomarkers, and Readmissions After an Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Huffman Jeff C. , Beale Eleanor E. , Celano Christopher M. , Beach Scott R. , Belcher Arianna M. , Moore Shannon V. , Suarez Laura , Motiwala Shweta R. , Gandhi Parul U. , Gaggin Hanna K. , Januzzi James L.
Published: December 2015

Background—

Positive psychological constructs, such as optimism, are associated with beneficial health outcomes. However, no study has separately examined the effects of multiple positive psychological constructs on behavioral, biological, and clinical outcomes after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Accordingly, we aimed to investigate associations of baseline optimism and gratitude with subsequent physical activity, prognostic biomarkers, and cardiac rehospitalizations in post-ACS patients.

Methods and Results—

Participants were enrolled during admission for ACS and underwent assessments at baseline (2 weeks post-ACS) and follow-up (6 months later). Associations between baseline positive psychological constructs and subsequent physical activity/biomarkers were analyzed using multivariable linear regression. Associations between baseline positive constructs and 6-month rehospitalizations were assessed via multivariable Cox regression. Overall, 164 participants enrolled and completed the baseline 2-week assessments. Baseline optimism was significantly associated with greater physical activity at 6 months (n=153;
β
=102.5; 95% confidence interval, 13.6–191.5;
P
=0.024), controlling for baseline activity and sociodemographic, medical, and negative psychological covariates. Baseline optimism was also associated with lower rates of cardiac readmissions at 6 months (n=164), controlling for age, sex, and medical comorbidity (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, [0.86–0.98];
P
=0.006). There were no significant relationships between optimism and biomarkers. Gratitude was minimally associated with post-ACS outcomes.

Conclusions—

Post-ACS optimism, but not gratitude, was prospectively and independently associated with superior physical activity and fewer cardiac readmissions. Whether interventions that target optimism can successfully increase optimism or improve cardiovascular outcomes in post-ACS patients is not yet known, but can be tested in future studies.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01709669.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation Contributes to the Supine Hypertension of Autonomic Failure
Authors: Arnold Amy C. , Okamoto Luis E. , Gamboa Alfredo , Black Bonnie K. , Raj Satish R. , Elijovich Fernando , Robertson David , Shibao Cyndya A. , Biaggioni Italo
Published: December 2015

Primary autonomic failure is characterized by disabling orthostatic hypotension, but at least half of these patients have paradoxical supine hypertension. Renin–angiotensin mechanisms were not initially thought to contribute to this hypertension because plasma renin activity is often undetectable in autonomic failure. Plasma aldosterone levels are normal, however, and we recently showed that plasma angiotensin II is elevated and acts at AT
1
(angiotensin type 1) receptors to contribute to hypertension in these patients. Because aldosterone and angiotensin II can also bind mineralocorticoid receptors to elevate blood pressure, we hypothesized that mineralocorticoid receptor activation plays a role in the hypertension of autonomic failure. To test this hypothesis, we determined the acute effects of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone (50 mg, oral) versus placebo on supine blood pressure in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Medications were given at 8:00
pm
with blood pressure recorded every 2 hours for 12 hours. Ten primary autonomic failure patients with supine hypertension completed this study (7 pure autonomic failure, 2 multiple system atrophy, 1 parkinson’s disease; 7 male; 70±2 years of age). Eplerenone maximally reduced supine systolic blood pressure by 32±6 mm Hg at 8 hours after administration (versus 8±10 mm Hg placebo,
P
=0.016), with no effect on nocturia (12-hour urine volume: 985±134 mL placebo versus 931±94 mL eplerenone,
P
=0.492; nocturnal weight loss: −1.19±0.15 kg placebo versus −1.18±0.15 kg eplerenone,
P
=0.766). These findings suggest that inappropriate mineralocorticoid receptor activation contributes to the hypertension of autonomic failure, likely independent of canonical mineralocorticoid effects, and provides rationale for use of eplerenone in these patients.
Du dictionnaire chinois-latin de Basilio Brollo aux lexiques pour le marché: deux siècles d’édition du chinois en Italie et en France
Authors: Bussotti Michela
Published: December 2015

By their very nature, multilingual dictionaries and lexicons are an emblem of cultural transfers. When printing widely different types of writing is necessary, they may also be precious witnesses of technical transfers and innovations in publishing and printing practice. Successfully publishing a major dictionary requires the conjunction of institutional or governmental will and adequate economic resources. This article provides an overview of the various versions of Basilio Brollo’s Dictionarium Sinico-Latinum, which served as a blueprint for several publishing projects, most of them abortive, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It introduces the various printing techniques used in these attempts, and discusses the mixed results of the editorial programs pursued in Europe, particularly in Italy and France. The Napoleonic period is significant not just because a Dictionnaire chinois, français et latin was published in Paris in 1813, but also because of the work carried out at the Collegio dei Cinese during the “French Decade” (1806–1815) in Naples. The article introduces several protagonists—both scholars concerned with publishing and teaching Chinese and publishers pursuing commercial interests—along the way. 

Par leur contenu même les dictionnaires et lexiques plurilingues sont emblématiques des transferts culturels. La nécessité d’imprimer des écritures très différentes en fait parfois de précieux témoins des transferts techniques et des innovations dans les pratiques d’édition et d’impression. Concernant les dictionnaires les plus importants, l’aboutissement d’une publication nécessite la concomitance d’une volonté institutionnelle ou étatique et de moyens économiques adéquats. Cet article donne un aperçu des différentes versions du Dictionarium Sinico-Latinum de Basilio Brollo, qui fut à la base de plusieurs projets d’édition, la plupart inaboutis, aux xviiie et xixe siècles. Il évoque les différentes techniques d’impression utilisées dans ces tentatives, ainsi que les résultats très inégaux des programmes éditoriaux menés en Europe, notamment en Italie et en France. La période napoléonienne est significative non seulement en raison de la parution à Paris en 1813 du Dictionnaire chinois, français et latin, mais aussi à cause des travaux entrepris au Collegio dei Cinesi pendant la “décennie française” à Naples (1806–1815). Plusieurs protagonistes — savants soucieux de l’édition et de l’enseignement du chinois, éditeurs mus par des motivations commerciales — sont évoqués en cours de route.
The Crises in the Middle East
Authors: Aoun Elena , Kellner Thierry
Published: December 2015

Focusing on the evolution of China’s interactions with Egypt and the parties to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, this article aims to understand the contexts that encourage increased synergy between Middle Eastern actors and emerging powers. Based on a wide collection of data and a constructivist approach that negates neither realist nor liberal premises but rather enriches them with the role of ideas and identities, the article posits that the observed developments are constitutive of a reordering of global balances. This reordering is seen as challenging the Western-dominated status quo ante, not through the deconstruction of the international system but rather through a resistance to the Western monopoly over the latter’s evolution and over the production and interpretation of norms.
Land, Law and Power
Authors: Mou Zhenyu
Published: December 2015

This paper explores the origin and development of the cadastre in the French Concession in Shanghai (1849–1943). The paper mainly focuses on how the cadastre functioned as an instrument of power in different periods. It argues that the cadastre originated from and was influenced by the cadastre system in France, although it evolved with its own characteristics owing to the complex political and administrative configuration that prevailed in Shanghai. It actually took more than a half-century for the French municipality to make the cadastre the only effective means and instrument for the management of land and land tax. It took several successive land surveys to reveal all the land in the French Concession. Eventually, however, the Cadastral Office in the French Concession cadastre took precedence and dispossessed the Chinese authorities of their initial power over land.
Mining for Color: New Blues, Yellows, and Translucent Paint
Authors: Berrie Barbara H.
Published: December 2015

In the sixteenth century, the Erzgebirge mountains were mined for mineral ores of cobalt and antimony that were used to make the blue pigment smalt, a potash glass, and yellow pigments based on lead-antimony oxides, respectively. By the beginning of the seventeenth century, these pigments had found a permanent place on the easel painter’s palette, smalt used in place of ultramarine and the antimonial compounds enlivening the yellows of the spectrum. Mining efforts also located sources for naphtha, and improvements in distillation would have allowed it (and other solvents) to be fractioned and purified for use as a solvent and diluent for oil paint. The mention of naphtha in treatises and color-sellers’ inventories attests to its use in color making. Thinning paint allowed artists to use glazes of paint to lively, luminous, coloristic effect and made blending easier. These three discoveries contributed to the saturated colors characteristic of seventeenth-century painting and offered artists latitude in the ways they pursued their goal of imitative painting.
Pseudotetracha timberensis: a new species from the Northern Territory, Australia (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Cicindelinae, Megacephalini) and considerations on the taxonomy of Pseudotetracha
Authors: HÄCKEL Martin , ANICHTCHENKO ALEXANDR
Published: December 2015

A new species of Pseudotetracha from Northern Territory, Australia, is described and compared with Pseudotetracha marginicollis (Sloane, 1906). The position of the species in the genus and the subgeneric classification of Pseudotetracha Fleutiaux, 1894 are discussed. It is proposed that the genus would be divided into the following species groups: “australasiae”, “australis”, “blackburni”, “crucigera”, “cylindrica”, “greyana” and “marginicollis”.
Limitations of One-Dimensional Mesoscale PBL Parameterizations in Reproducing Mountain-Wave Flows
Authors: Muñoz-Esparza Domingo , Sauer Jeremy A. , Linn Rodman R. , Kosović Branko
Published: December 2015

Mesoscale models are considered to be the state of the art in modeling mountain-wave flows. Herein, the authors investigate the role and accuracy of planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations in handling the interaction between large-scale mountain waves and the atmospheric boundary layer. To that end, recent large-eddy simulation (LES) results of mountain waves over a symmetric two-dimensional bell-shaped hill are used and compared to four commonly used PBL schemes. It is found that one-dimensional PBL parameterizations produce reasonable agreement with the LES results in terms of vertical wavelength, amplitude of velocity, and turbulent kinetic energy distribution in the downhill shooting-flow region. However, the assumption of horizontal homogeneity in PBL parameterizations does not hold in the context of these complex flow configurations. This inappropriate modeling assumption results in a vertical wavelength shift, producing errors of approximately 10 m s−1 at downstream locations because of the presence of a coherent trapped lee wave that does not mix with the atmospheric boundary layer. In contrast, horizontally integrated momentum flux derived from these PBL schemes displays a realistic pattern. Therefore, results from mesoscale models using ensembles of one-dimensional PBL schemes can still potentially be used to parameterize drag effects in general circulation models. Nonetheless, three-dimensional PBL schemes must be developed in order for mesoscale models to accurately represent complex terrain and other types of flows where one-dimensional PBL assumptions are violated.
Predicting Summer Arctic Sea Ice Concentration Intraseasonal Variability Using a Vector Autoregressive Model*
Authors: Wang Lei , Yuan Xiaojun , Ting Mingfang , Li Cuihua
Published: December 2015

Recent Arctic sea ice changes have important societal and economic impacts and may lead to adverse effects on the Arctic ecosystem, weather, and climate. Understanding the predictability of Arctic sea ice melting is thus an important task. A vector autoregressive (VAR) model is evaluated for predicting the summertime (May–September) daily Arctic sea ice concentration on the intraseasonal time scale, using only the daily sea ice data and without direct information of the atmosphere and ocean. The intraseasonal forecast skill of Arctic sea ice is assessed using the 1979–2012 satellite data. The cross-validated forecast skill of the VAR model is found to be superior to both the anomaly persistence and damped anomaly persistence at lead times of ~20–60 days, especially over northern Eurasian marginal seas and the Beaufort Sea. The daily forecast of ice concentration also leads to predictions of ice-free dates and September mean sea ice extent. In addition to capturing the general seasonal melt of sea ice, the model is also able to capture the interannual variability of the melting, from partial melt of the marginal sea ice in the beginning of the period to almost a complete melt in the later years. While the detailed mechanism leading to the high predictability of intraseasonal sea ice concentration needs to be further examined, the study reveals for the first time that Arctic sea ice can be predicted statistically with reasonable skill at the intraseasonal time scales given the small signal-to-noise ratio of daily data.
The Meridional Mode in an Idealized Aquaplanet Model: Dependence on the Mean State
Authors: Zhang Honghai , Clement Amy , Medeiros Brian
Published: December 2015

The meridional mode provides a source of predictability for the tropical climate variability and change on seasonal and longer time scales by transporting extratropical climate signals into the tropics. Previous research shows that the tropical imprint of the meridional mode is constrained by the interhemispheric asymmetry of the tropical mean climate state. In this study the constraint of the zonal asymmetry is investigated in an AGCM thermodynamically coupled with an aquaplanet slab ocean model. The strategy is to modify the zonal asymmetry of the mean climate state and examine the response of the meridional mode. Presented here are two simulations of different zonal asymmetries in the mean state. In the zonally symmetric case, the meridional mode operates throughout the subtropics but only becomes evident after removing a dominant global-scale eastward-propagating mode. In the zonally asymmetric case, the meridional mode operates only in regions where trade winds converge onto the equator and has an enlarged spatial scale due to the modified mean climate including cold sea surface and weak trade winds. In both simulations, the tropical imprint of the meridional mode is constrained by the north–south seasonal migration of the intertropical convergence zone. These results suggest that the meridional mode does not require the zonal asymmetry of the mean state but is intrinsic to the subtropical ocean–atmosphere coupled system with its characteristics subject to the mean climate state. The implication is that the internal climate variability needs to be assessed in the context of the mean climate state.