bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE TASK OF POSITIONING THE WORKING MECHANISMS CRM WITH A GPS INTENSIFIER
Authors: Yefymenko Oleksandr , Pluhina Tetiana
Published: October 2021

The study of the task of positioning the working mechanisms of construction and road machines (CRM) of using GPS intensifier was carried out. The analysis of existing researches and publications, in which the main problem is highlighted, namely that the task of positioning the working mechanisms CRM at this time is not enough. As a result of the analysis the purpose of research is set, namely: to increase of functioning efficiency mechanisms CRM with working environment using mathematical models and adaptation algorithm in a limited time decision. The task of monitoring parameters using Kalman or Wiener filters which to take machine vibrations into account, deviations in working operations, changes in weight, etc. have been substantiated. The use of a GPS intensifier makes it possible to predict the work of actuators CRM in real time. The result of the research is algorithm of positioning the working mechanisms CRM: determination of the location of the base CRM in a 3-dimensional coordinate system; filtering measurements; predicting the position of the working mechanism. The originality lies in the fact that the using Kalman or Wiener filters allows to describe the trajectory in the coordinate system of the base machine in accordance with the point measurement, and describe the relationship between changed coordinates, which makes it possible to model and predict the workflow.
Сalculation methodology and determination of efforts in vault
Authors: Yaremenko Olena
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Problem. In this article we offer the meth-odology of calculation, based on the idea of dismem-berment of vault on the separate archs of single width. It is recommended for the estimation of efforts in the designed and damaged vaults. Also offered a methods of calculation effort in serried vaults. As spatial inflexibility of cross vault below than inflexi-bility of serried vault, then it is necessary to execute the calculation of the cheek arch abstracted from the tray of cross vault also. If the outline of tray is exe-cuted on a circular curve, then it is possible to take methodology of calculation of archs with the outline of axis a curve as catenoid. Goal. The proposed methodology for calculating closed and cross vaults is also based on the idea of dividing the arch into separate arches of unit width. The results of studies of efforts and rational forms of arches of V.A. Kiselev [1]. Methodology. Calculation based on the idea of dismemberment of vault on the separate archs of single width. Recommended for the estimation of efforts in the designed and damaged vaults. A method over of calculation of dome is brought for determina-tion of effort in serried vaults. Results. At the choice of outline of axis of arch it is necessary aspires to that an axis, on possibility, coincided with the curve of pressure. Such outline of axis is rational, as there are only central forces of N in an arch. Flexion mo-ments M and transversal forces of Q are equal to the zero. The coincidence of axis of arch with the curve of pressure can be got for the three-hinged arch. For the statically undetermined arch of complete coinci-dence of axis with the curve of pressure attaining is impossible, so that the origin of flexion moments at any her outline is inevitable. Originality. The tech-nique based on the separation of flat elements from the spatial structure does not show the reserves of strength of the structure. Experience of long-term operation of vaulted structures designed or verified by calculation using similar methods [2], [9] shows caution and reliability. Practical value. The tech-nique is also suitable for assessing the strength of damaged vaults with collapsed corners or walms.
GIS-technologies in the specific features of development planning in large cities of Europe in the XVIII - XIX centuries
Authors: Kazachenko Vladislav
Published: October 2021

Аbstract. Problem. The article reveals the use of knowledge of astronomy in engineering calculations when planning urban development in the 18th - 19th centuries. Goal A solar calculator from the SunCalc program was used in the study. It was proved by the example of the ancient buildings of St. Peter's Square in the Vatican that architects in ancient times madeaccurate calculations for the planning of streets and cities and used astronomical knowledge Thanks to the use of modern GIS technologies, it has become possible in our time to superimpose the existing buildings on a satellite image of the territory of the ancient buildings and see that the line of St. Peter's Square completely coincides with the line of the sun, directed at the vernal equinox - March 22. Methodology. The building line of the square - the beginning and end of the buildings, consisting ofcolumns, coincides with the line of the sun's rays directed to the days of the summer and winter solstices. This suggests that the architectural planning of the development of ancient cities was carried out with calculations according to the laws ofthe ecliptic, with knowledge of physical and mathematical calculations and all streets and arched vaults were aimed at the passage of sunlight on certain days in certain places, as if illuminating buildings and squares. Modern urban developmentplanning should be carried out using GIS technologies and mathematical modeling. Results Modern urban development must take into account historical architecture, areas of historical events and protected areas. The stylistics in the design must berepeated and the development planning must be carried out in a single architectural ensemble of the city. This will attract tourists and financial investments to us.
Determining thermal stresses in asphalt concrete by the method of computer simulation
Authors: Maliar Volodymyr
Published: October 2021

The main destructions of asphalt concrete pavement are rut, transverse cracking, fatigue failures, peeling, etc. When the pavement cools, lowtemperature damages can occur for various reasons. The sources of damages that cause such failures are not well studied, so this problem is relevant. Goal. The aim of this work was to determine the stress-strain state inside the volume of asphalt con-crete during cooling on the basis of a two composite three-dimensional model using the method of computer simulation in response to the changing structured bitumen properties. Methodology. The method of finite element analysis of the stress-strain state of the composite material was used. The material is represented by a three-dimensional (3D) model pro-posed by prof. B.S. Radovsky. Results. The finite element analysis method was used to calculate the average thermal stresses in asphalt concrete during cooling in accordance with increase of viscosity of bitumen section, which is located in asphalt concrete in a structured state. This consideration is realized on the basis of changes in a number of bitumen properties in the contact zone, in particular, the changes in the glass transition temperature. It is shown that the thermal stresses that occur during cooling by limiting the movement of asphalt concrete in the construction reach the strength values at negative temperatures, which can be used to estimate the temperature of crack formation in asphalt concrete under the condi-tion of its action in pavement (Tcr). The values of these stresses depend on the cooling rate, the bitumen content, its viscosity and structure. Originality. For the first time, it was found numerically that in the sample of asphalt concrete, which is free from restriction of movements, there are internal thermal stresses during cooling due to the difference of bitumen thermal expansion coefficients and stone materials. These stresses are up to 87 percent of the average thermal stresses that occur in the compressed sample. Practical value. The possibility of rapid estimation of thermal stresses with the possibility of predicting low-temperature cracks in asphalt concrete is shown.
Reactive power transformation using а passive electronic transducer
Authors: Shinderuk Shinderuk Svitlana , Volosyuk Marina , Chaplygin Evgen , Bilash Igor
Published: October 2021

Transformation of reactive power into active power, which can be used to perform work for various purposes, is of practical use. Goal. The aim of the work is analysis of the processes of resonant conversion of reactive power into active power in the proposed converter circuit. Methodology. A practical solution to this problem can be real-ized using a converter circuit consisting of two in-ductively coupled parallel and series resonant circuits. The use of a parallel circuit with resonance currents minimizes the impact on the processes in the reactive power source. The use of a series circuit with a voltage resonance allows maximizing the original active power in the converter load. Results. The simplest scheme of a passive electronic converter of reactive power into active power is proposed. The conditions are determined, whose fulfillment minimizes the influence of the proposed scheme on the processes in the reactive power source at the maxi-mum current in the converter load. Originality. Efficiency of the device under test means maximum cur-rent and power in the load with minimum impact on the inductance of the reactive power source. Practical value. The parameters of a real circuit have been calculated, which allows for practically lossless conversion of reactive power into active power with a minimum effect on the current in the source.
Combined noise shield with integrated solar panels
Authors: Lezhneva Elena , Vakulenko Katerina
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the assessment of the noise load of road transport on the environment of large cities. Goal. The goal is to develop engineering structures to neutralize harmful substances from internal combustion engines, display and absorb sound waves, ensure road safety and improve energy efficiency. Methodology. The experience of European countries on the use of noise protection screens with integrated solar batteries is presented. The types and design features of solar panels are presented. Results. A model of a combined noise protection barrier with integrated solar batteries is proposed. This screen can be used to protect the urban environment from noise, sound waves and chemical compounds of internal combustion engines. Originality. The combined noise barrier with integrated solar panels is an engineering structure consisting of a foundation, sound-absorbing, sound-reflecting modules and solar cells, which differs in that it has a Y-shaped profile equipped with metal perforated modules filled with sound-absorbing material (polymers of organic origin , composite materials, mineral fibers, etc.) and sound-reflecting transparent or translucent modules, installed on a foundation made of photocatalytic concrete, and the energy obtained from the solar panels is transferred to street lights, which are installed on the foundation of the screen. Practical value. The invention can be used to protect against noise, sound waves and chemical compounds of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines of urban environment, residential buildings and pedestrian areas.
Influence of monolithic plate manufacturing technology on physical and mechanical characteristics of the coating
Authors: Bilchenko Anatoly , Kislov Alexander
Published: October 2021

During operation in an open atmosphere, bridge structures are exposed to extreme natural and climatic conditions, chemicals and constantly changing temporary and dynamic loads. Bridge structures built in the 60s and 80s of the last century have approached a critical situation and require major repairs. Goal. The most vulnerable elements of the bridge structure are the upper part of the concrete span structures (slab) and waterproofing, so there was a question of strengthening the slabs and replacing the waterproofing layer. Metodology. When forecasting the durability of bridge structures, it is necessary to take into account the influence of temperature and humidity and climatic factors together with force factors. Result. The real necessity of mounting a monolithic reinforced concrete slab for strengthening a top slab of girder structures and putting a new waterproofing layer on it is shown. Originality. The technology of spraying a waterproofing layer that allows to waterproof a surface of any complexity evenly and reliably is offered. Practical value. Overhead monolithic slab enhances the bearing capacity of the power elements of the bridges and can be increased by 1.5–2 times.
Formation and development in Russia of the theoretical and legal foundations of the re-socialization of persons who have served the sentences (mid. 19th ‒ early 20th centuries)
Authors: Belyaeva Larisa , Pavlichenko Nikolay
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to development in Russia of the theory of re-socialization of persons released from prison, the formation of its legal bases. The activities of institutions helping prisoners on their way of social rehabilitation are analyzed. The moral background and the material base of assistance to former convicts are reflected.
Liberal-conservative-socialist. Who was K.D. Kavelin? Historiography of the issue
Authors: Arslanov Rafael , Linkova Elena
Published: October 2021

Consideration of the works of Russian authors devoted to the activities of the outstanding thinker Konstantin Dmitrievich Kavelin (1818-1885) allows us not only to expand our understanding of the ideological trends that are emerging in the conditions of postreform modernization of Russia, but also to reach the problem of developing a national theory. This is what Kavelin sought to create, whose original teaching really did not fit into either Western liberalism, national conservatism, or populist socialism, although it intersected with all these trends. The study of the reflection of Kavelin’s ideological heritage in the scientific literature will allow us to track changes in society’s perception of his theory, as well as to identify what seemed relevant and in demand in a particular era.
Veteriner Hekimlikte OTC İlaçlar
Authors: Gülersoy Erdem , Balıkçı Canberk , Sevinç Mutlu
Published: October 2021

Pet hayvanı hekimliğinde potansiyel olarak toksik olan ve kullanımı günden güne artan çok sayıda tezgah üstü (Over the counter / OTC) ilaç bulunmaktadır. OTC grubu ilaçların çoğu, piyasada yaygın olarak bulunan, ucuz ve hekim kontrolü olmadan reçetesiz satın alınabilinen ilaçlardır. Bu ilaçlar, veteriner hekimlikte hekim kontrolü dışında hasta sahibi tarafından satın alındığında kafa karışıklığına veya telaffuz hatalarına bağlı olarak yapılan terapötik yanlışlıkların yanı sıra beşeri hekimlikte suistimal veya intihar amaçlı da kullanılabilmektedir. Çocuklarda ve ev hayvanlarında OTC ilaç zehirlenmeleri, kazara yutma veya bakıcının gözetimi dışında ilaca maruz kalma sonucu gelişmektedir. Günümüzde hem veteriner hekimliğinde hem de beşeri hekimlikte OTC grubu ilaçların kasıtlı yanlış kullanımı halen önemini korumaktadır. Bu sebeple ev hayvanlarının, özellikle kedi ve köpeklerin, ölümle sonuçlanabilen OTC grubu ilaç intoksikasyonlarına maruz kalmasının önüne geçmek ve tekrar oluşumunu önlemek için gerekli önlemler alınmalı; bakıcılar, yetiştiriciler ve hayvan sahipleri bu konuda bilgilendirilmelidir. Bu derlemede yaygın kullanılan ve kolay erişilebilen aspirin, ibuprofen, asetaminofen gibi nonsteroid antienflamatuvarlar, H2 reseptör antagonistleri, proton pompa inhibitörleri gibi gastrik protektanlar, ipekak şurubu gibi emetikler, difenhidramin, loratidin gibi antihistaminikler ve dekonjestanlar, göz damlaları, vitaminler, laksatifler, antidiyaretikler ile anti tüssifler gibi OTC grubu ilaçların toksisiteleri, yanlış kullanımı sonucu ortaya çıkan klinik sonuçları ve bu ilaçlarla intoksikasyona sebep olabilen çevresel risk faktörleri ile birlikte bu ilaçlara maruz kalma durumunda uygulanabilecek tedavi seçenekleri incelenmiştir.
An Evaluation of Silage Widely Use in Animal Feeding in Terms of Legislation in Turkey and European Union
Authors: Aslım Gökhan , Danış Emine Merve
Published: October 2021

Silage is a source of roughage obtained by anaerobic fermentation of fresh green feeds, certain vegetable products, and agricultural and industrial waste. Silage is widely used to feed animals and is importance for animals, humans, and the environment. This study, it was aimed to examine the production, use, and importance of silage, which is widely used in animal nutrition, in terms of legislation. Therefore, the study analyzed national and European Union legislation on the subject. For this purpose, content analysis was carried out on the relevant Turkey and European Union legislation. The scans determined that seven national and four European Union regulations could be related to issues animal feeding and silage. Therefore, it can be said that the issues related to silage management, including the precautions from production to consumption, should be defined in a way that minimizes the detrimental effects on animal, human and environmental health. Accordingly, specific regulations should be made on silage.
Muh. Pangeran Aditya(90100119024). Ekonomi Islam A
Authors: MSC Muh. Pangeran Aditya Pratama
Published: October 2021

Mekanisme Pasar dalam Islam
Ulumul Qur'an
Authors: Rizkullah Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Al-Qur’an adalah kalam dan wahyu Allah (QS. Asy-Syu’ara:2), kitab suci bagi umat Islam, tidak ada keraguan di dalamnya (QS.Al-Baqarah:2). Diturunkan kepada Nabi Muhammad melalui Malaikat Jibril. Kitab terakhir ini merupakan sumber utama ajaran Islam dan pedoman hidup bagi setiap Muslim (QS. Al-Baqarah:185). Al-Qur’an bukan sekedar memuat petunjuk tentang hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan, tetapi juga mengatur hubungan manusia dengan sesamanya ( Hablun min Allah wa hablun min an-nas), serta manusia dengan alam sekitarnya. Untuk memahami ajaran Islam secara sempurna (kaffah), diperlukan pemahaman terhadap kandungan al-Qur’an dan mengamalkannya dalam kehidupan sehari hari secara sungguh-sungguh dan konsisten. Al-Qur’an merupakan mukjizat terbesar nabi Muhammad SAW (QS.Al-Baqarah:23). Diturunkan dalam bahasa Arab (QS.Yusuf:2), baik lafaz maupun uslub-nya. Suatu bahasa yang kaya kosa kata dan sarat makna. Kendati al-Qur’an berbahasa Arab, tidak berarti semua orang Arab atau orang yang mahir dalam bahasa Arab, dapat memahami al-Qur’an secara rinci. Al-Qur’an adalah kitab yang agung, memiliki nilai sastra yang tinggi. Meskipun diturunkan kepada bangsa Arab yang lima belas abad lalu terkenal dengan jiwa yang kasar. Al-Qur’an mampu meruntuhkan dominasi sya’ir-sya’ir Sastrawan Arab, hingga tidak berdaya di hadapan Al-Qur’an. Kitab suci al-Qur’an sebagai pedoman umat Islam harus dipahami dengan benar. Hasbi Ash-Shidieqi menyatakan untuk dapat memahami al-Qu’ran dengan sempurna, bahkan untuk menerjemahkannya sekalipun, diperlukan sejumlah ilmu pengetahuan, yang disebut Ulumul Qur’an.
Kewajiban Masyarakat Mematuhi Himbauan Larangan Merokok Saat Berada di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Sebagai Upaya Penerapan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok
Authors: Silfiani Rosita
Published: October 2021

Kewajiban adalah sesuatu yang harus dilakukan oleh pihak tertentu dan bisa dituntut paksa oleh orang yang berkepentingan. Kewajiban dapat timbul karena keinginan dari diri sendiri dan orang lain. Fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan merupakan suatu tempat yang digunakan untuk menyelenggarakan upaya pelayanan kesehatan baik dari segi promotive, preventif, kuratif serta rehabilitatif yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat Merokok adalah suatu kebiasaan menghisap rokok yang dilakukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, merupakan suatu kebutuhan yang tidak bisa dihindari bagi orang yang mengalami kecenderungan terhadap rokok. Penerapan larangan merokok atau Kawasan Tanpa Rokok merupakan upaya perlindungan untuk masyarakat terhadap resiko ancaman gangguan kesehatan karena lingkungan tercemar asap rokok.
Holographic surface and focusing
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: October 2021

Holographic surface and focusing
Derajat pelayanan kesehatan Yang optimal sebagai Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Na'u Janilda
Published: October 2021

Peranan negara dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar rakyat sangat diperlukan terutama di dalam bentuk pelayanan kesehatan secara menyeluruh, dengan diakui kesehatan sebagai salah satu hak asasi manusia yaitu seperangkat hak yang melekat pada hakikat dan keberadaan manusia sebagai makhluk Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan merupakan anugerah-Nya yang wajib dihormati, dijunjung tinggi dan dilindungi oleh negara, Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui bentuk tanggung jawab negara terhadap jaminan kesehatan dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian ini ialah Dalam pemenuhan hak dasar warga negara atas kesehatan, pemerintah terikat tanggung jawab untuk menjamin akses yang memadai bagi setiap warga negara atas pelayanan kesehatan yang layak dan optimal. Sebagai upaya untuk menghormati, melindungi, dan memenuhi kewajiban negara dengan mengimplementasikan norma-norma HAM pada hak atas kesehatan.
Makalah Pengantar Ekonomi Perekonomian Dua Sektor
Authors: Nurrahimah Insyirah
Published: October 2021

Catatan terkait dengan penyiapan Naskah tentang Perekonomian Dua Sektor
Kewajiban Warga Negara Untuk Hidup Sehat Dengan Rajin Cuci Tangan
Authors: SHIDDIQ AHMAD FAUZAN
Published: October 2021

Menjaga kesehatan tubuh bisa dimulai dari hal-hal yang paling sederhana. Mencuci tangan misalnya. Mulai sekarang jadikan cuci tangan sebagai bagian dari gaya hidup kita. Tangan adalah organ tubuh yang paling vital untuk menunjang aktivitas sehari-hari. Dari tangan inilah akan tercipta karya-karya indah. Namun, dari tangan jugalah berbagai penyakit bisa menular. Tanpa disadari aktivitas sehari-hari membuat tangan selalu bersentuhan dengan benda-benda, mulai pulpen, keyboard computer, gagang pintu dan benda-benda lain. Semenara itu, kita tidak pernah tahu, apakah benda-benda yang kita pegang tersebut bebas dari kuman dan virus? Nah, untuk mencegah bakteri atau virus berpindah ke dalam tubuh, ada baiknya lakukan cuci tangan, khususnya sebelum dan sesudah makan. Ditengah maraknya berbagai virus baru belakangan ini, cuci angan menjadi salah satu senjata dasar untuk mengatasinya.
Tumpang Tindih Penegakan Hukum di Laut Indonesia
Authors: Kusuma Arif Budi
Published: October 2021

AbstrakIndonesia sebagai poros maritim dunia memiliki laut sebagai penghubung antar wilayah dan batas dari teritorial negara. Pentingnya fungsi laut menimbulkan perlunya penegakan hukum di laut yang baik untuk mempertahankannya. Namun, penegakan hukum di laut dalam yuridiksi nasional Indonesia belum tertata dengan baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari posisi kewenangan dalam pengaturan terkait keamanan kemaritiman nasional yang saling tumpang tindih antar lembaga seperti Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL), Badan Keamanan Laut (Bakamla), dan Kesatuan Penjagaan Laut dan Pantai (KPLP). Tulisan ini akan menganalisis lembaga negara yang menjadi coast guard di Indonesia. Selain itu mengenai permasalahan penegakan hukum di laut tidak dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik yang disebabkan oleh ketidakharmonisan antar peraturan perundang-undangan. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang. Dari penulisan ini akan diperoleh hasil mengenai analisis harmonisasi penegakan hukum dan faktor yang menjadi kendala dalam penegakan hukum keamanan laut di Indonesia. Kata Kunci : TNI-AL, Bakamla, KPLP, Tumpang Tindih, Coast GuardAbstractIndonesia as the world's maritime axis has the sea as a liaison between regions and borders of the country's territory. The importance of the function of the sea raises the need for good maritime law enforcement to maintain it. However, maritime law enforcement in Indonesia's national jurisdiction has not been well organized. This can be seen from the position of authority in regulations related to national maritime security that overlaps between institutions such as the Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL), the Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla), and the Marine and Coast Guard Unit (KPLP). This paper will analyze the state institutions that serve as coast guards in Indonesia. In addition, the issue of maritime law enforcement cannot be implemented properly due to the disharmony of laws and regulations. This writing uses a normative juridical method that uses a law approach. From this paper, the results will be obtained regarding the analysis of harmonization of law enforcement and the factors that become obstacles in the enforcement of maritime security law in Indonesia.Keywords: TNI-AL, Bakamla, KPLP, Overlapping, Coast Guard
Peran Pemerintah dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan terhadap Masyarakat
Authors: Sopiana Maya
Published: October 2021

Kesehatan adalah hak dan investsi,setiap warga negara memiliki hak atas kesehatannya termasuk masyarakat miskin. Kesehatan merupakan kunci utama dalam kehidupan manusia. Seseorang yang sehat memiliki kemampuan fisik yang cukup untuk mengembangkan diri dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan dirinya. Maka dari itu diperlukannya suatu sistem yang mengatur pelaksanaannya bagi upaya pemenuhan hak setiap warga untuk tetap hidup sehat. Berbagai fasilitas kesehatan yang dapat disediakan dan dikelola pemerintah bertujuan untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Kesehatan masyarakat memiliki peran penting dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia, penanggulangan kemiskinan,dan pembangunan ekonomi. Kondisi umum kesehatan biasanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan,perilaku,dan pelayanan kesehatan.
HAK Warga Negara Indonesia Untuk Memperoleh Pelayanan Kesehatan Yang Sama Tanpa Adanya Kesenjangan
Authors: MAULIDA NAVI GITA
Published: October 2021

Kesehatan merupakan kebutuhan dan juga Hak bagi setiap individu, keluarga dan masyarakat untuk memperoleh perlindungan terhadap kesehatan. Hak mendapatkan pelayanan juga diatur oleh UUD 1945 pasal 28H ayat 1-4Pemerintah bertanggung jawab dengan pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia melalui Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Kesehatan (BPJS) dengan beberapa upaya seperti perancangan program Askeskin, Jamkesmas, dan JKN , dengan adanya program ini semua rakyat Indonesia dapat mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan secara merata dan adil tanpa adanya kesenjangan antar warga Indonesia. Banyak manfaat yang didapatkan dari program tersebut seperti Meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat menjadi lebih baik, tetapi juga terdapat hambatan dalam program tersebut contohnya masih banyak masyarakat yang belum mengetahui prosedur jaminan kesehatan.
Kewajiban Tenaga Keperawatan Memberikan Pelayanan Kesehatan Kepada Masyarakat
Authors: Karismawati Cindy
Published: October 2021

Artikel ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk memberikan informasi seputar tenaga keperawatan, meliputi pengertian dari perawat dan keperawatan serta kewajiban yang dijalankan oleh tenaga keperawatan terhadap para pihak yang membutuhkan pelayanan kesehatan. Dimana kewajiban seorang tenaga keperawatan yaitu, memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang profesional terhadap masyarakat dengan standar profesi yang dimiliki dan mematuhi peraturan dari instansi yang bersangkutan.Kata Kunci : perawat, keperawatan, kewajiban tenaga keperawatan.
PELAKSANAAN VAKSINASI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA: HAK ATAU KEWAJIBAN WARGA NEGARA
Authors: Namira Yasmin
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK Pandemi Covid-19 menimbulkan status kedaruratan di Indonesia. Melalui Keputusan Presiden Nomor 11 Tahun 2020, Indonesia telah mengumumkan status kedaruratan kesehatan. Berbagai upaya dilakukan dalam rangka mengatasi dampak pandemi Covid-19. Salah satunya adalah upaya vaksinasi. Namun, di masyarakat timbul pro kontra terkait vaksinasi tersebut. Sejumlah kalangan masyarakat menolak untuk divaksin. Oleh sebab itu, artikel ini akan menjelaskan apakah vaksinasi merupakan hak atau kewajiban bagi masyarakat dan apakah penolak vaksin dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum dengan tipe doctrinal research serta menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vaksinasi yang pada mulanya adalah hak setiap orang, dapat menjadi suatu kewajiban mengingat situasi kedaruratan di Indonesia saat ini. Hal ini karena seseorang yang tidak divaksin berpotensi untuk menularkan bahkan membunuh orang lain. Adapun mengenai pemidanaan, hal tersebut seyogyanya menjadi ultimum remedium, apabila pranata-pranata lainnya seperti metode persuasif, sosialisasi bahkan sanksi administrasi terkait vaksinasi sudah tidak dapat berfungsi sedangkan kondisi kedaruratan kesehatan di Indonesia semakin memburuk.
Hak Masyarakat Mendapatkan Kecukupan Gizi
Authors: Bura Avelina
Published: October 2021

Tindakan penyuluhan diberlakukan kepada orang-orang kaya atau orang-orang yang masih mampu memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan baik namun karena kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pentingnya gizi dan nutrisi serta pola asuh yang salah mereka menderita kurang gizi atau bahkan gizi buruk. Oleh karena itu bagi mereka yang menderita kurang gizi maupun gizi buruk akan diberikan suatu penyuluhan dalam bentuk pendidikan diluar bangku sekolah atau sosialisasi untuk merubah pola perilaku dan pola pikir masyarakat dalam hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan gizi. Sedangkan tindakan pemulihan diberlakukan kepada orang-orang yang mengalami gizi buruk yang dilatarbelakangi oleh faktor kemiskinan, jadi dapat dikatakan bahwa tindakan pemulihan ini diberlakukan untuk keluarga yang kurang mampu atau miskin. Dalam tindakan pemulihan ini anak yang menderita gizi buruk akan diberi perawatan khusus selama 90 hari dan diberikan makanan tambahan secara gratis. Masalah gizi buruk tentunya sangat disayangkan karena kita ketahui anak merupakan calon generasi penerus bangsa. Oleh karena itu, upaya pemeliharaan kesehatan bayi dan anak harus ditujukan untuk mempersiapkan generasi yang akan datang yang sehat, cerdas, dan berkualitas serta untuk menurunkan angka kematian bayi dan anak. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut maka anak yang dilahirkan wajib dibesarkan dan diasuh secara bertanggung jawab sehingga memungkinkan anak tumbuh dan berkembang secara sehat dan optimal. Upaya pemeliharaan kesehatan anak dilakukan sejak anak masih dalam kandungan, dilahirkan, setelah dilahirkan, dan sampai berusia 18 (delapan belas) tahun.
HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN MEMINUM ZINC DAN VITAMIN C DI SAAT PANDEMI
Authors: arifin wisnu aji putra
Published: October 2021

Cara untuk menjaga fungsi sistem imun tetap kuat, ada hal mudah yang bisa dilakukan, yaitu memastikan kebutuhan nutrisi tubuh tercukupi. Bagaimana caranya? Mengonsumsi makanan sehat dan bergizi seimbang, terutama yang mengandung vitamin C dan zinc.Meski banyak sekali nutrisi mikro esensial yang dibutuhkan tubuh dalam meningkatkan imun, kombinasi vitamin C dan zinc memainkan peran penting. Vitamin C bekerja dengan cara mendukung fungsi berbagai sel kekebalan dan meningkatkan kemampuan untuk melindungi tubuh dari infeksi.Vitamin C juga diperlukan untuk regenerasi sel, membantu menjaga sistem imun tetap kuat, dengan cara membersihkan sel-sel lama dan menggantinya dengan yang baru. Vitamin C juga berfungsi sebagai antioksidan kuat untuk melindungi dari kerusakan akibat stres oksidatif.Stres oksidatif adalah stres yang terjadi akibat akumulasi molekul reaktif yang dikenal sebagai radikal bebas. Stres ini memengaruhi sistem kekebalan tubuh dan meningkatkan risiko berbagai penyakit
Vox Peritorum: Capitalizing on Confidence and Projection to Characterize Expertise
Authors: Grüning David Joachim , Krueger Joachim Israel
Published: October 2021

Theory and research seek to isolate the properties of experts in judgment and decision-making tasks. Confidence in judgment and social projection have emerged as two important meta-judgmental markers. The joint utility of these two indicators of expertise has not been considered yet. We show that the joint study of individual and contextual differences in confidence and projection offers new opportunities to understand expertise. Our theoretical premise is that experts can solve difficult tasks, and do so with high confidence while knowing that few others accomplish this. In a reanalysis of data from Prelec and colleagues (2017) we show that expert judgments are accompanied by higher confidence and less social projection than judgments made by non-experts. Only among experts, confidence and projection are weakly correlated. Moreover, experts align their rate of projection with the difficulty of the judgment task. The present results support a new and integrative approach to the study of experts and expert judgment. We discuss the limitations of the present work and point to future research questions.
Four Europes: Climate change beliefs and attitudes predict behavior and policy preferences using a latent class analysis on 23 countries
Authors: Kácha Ondřej , Vintr Jáchym , Brick Cameron
Published: October 2021

Building public will for climate action requires designing messages for different audiences. Previous studies that identified groups based on similar beliefs, behavior, and political preferences related to climate change were in single countries. The current pre-registered study ran latent class analysis on the European Social Survey (ESS 2016, N = 44,387) to identify groups of people according to their climate change attitudes and beliefs in 22 European countries and Israel. We found strong evidence for four groups: Engaged (18%), Pessimistic (18%), Indifferent (42%), and Doubtful (21%) and we compare the segment structure and proportions within Europe and to other countries. We identify differences between the groups in values, life satisfaction, and social trust, and then revealed that the groups uniquely predict self-reported behaviors not included in the segmentation. The findings characterize climate change beliefs for all of Europe and guide governments and pan-European bodies in designing effective communications to promote climate beliefs and actions.
Producer prices in the main food markets in the second quarter of 2021
Authors:   A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, branch of Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia, Sobolev Oleg S.
Published: October 2021

The article compares producer prices for grain, milk, meat in Russia, the EU and the USA in the 2nd quarter of 2021. The measures of state regulation in the sugar and sunflower oil market are evaluated. There was a higher increase in inflation compared to last year in the domestic markets of sugar, vegetables, potatoes, chickens and sunflower oil.
Parental Encouragement towards the Academic Achievement of Students at Higher Secondary School Level
Authors: Ponnusamy P.
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Study habits, attitudes of students toward the learning environment at school, the nature of the family environment, and parental encouragement are all factors that influence students’ academic achievement at all levels. The study’s goal is to look at the relation between parental encouragement and higher secondary school students’ academic achievements. The appropriate data were gathered from 160 students from higher secondary school using the survey research technique and the parental encouragement scale. The study’s main findings show that parental encouragement has a significant influence on the academic achievement of the students studied.
Socioeconomic Status of Tea Garden Workers in Theni District of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Perumal R. Bagdha Vatchala
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT The study’s major goal is to determine the demographic profile and socioeconomic position of tea garden workers. The researcher used a descriptive survey method as well as stratified random sampling. One hundred and twenty tea garden workers were included as a sample for the study. The research technique for data collecting is a structured questionnaire. According to the research, forty-one percent of female workers and twenty-one percent of male workers are illiterate. The study also discovered that thirty-two percent and fifty-three percent of tea garden families cook with kerosene and firewood, respectively. According to the report, twelve percent of respondents do not have a savings bank account with any bank. According to the report, the government of India’s Adult Literacy Program, continuing education, Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, and Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana initiatives may benefit all tea garden employees.
Educational Environment of Pedagogical University: Integration of Communication Formats
Authors: Gorbuleva M. S. , Melik-Gaykazyan I. V. , Pervushina N. A.
Published: October 2021

From the standpoint of pedagogical bioethics, approaches to organise the educational environment of a pedagogical university are proposed for the effective acquisition of teaching experience by future educators. The design of the educational environment should provide an understanding of the ethical boundaries of various communication formats and an experience of performing communicative roles. The variety of these formats and roles corresponds to the variety of loci in the modern educational space.
Postgraduate Course “History and Philosophy of Science”: What? How? What for?
Authors: Ivakhnenko E. N.
Published: October 2021

The article addresses the problem of teaching the course of history and philosophy of science. This course has been taught to graduate students of Russian universities for more than 15 years. But disputes over its content and expediency still do not subside, but only flare up with renewed vigor. Those disputes were in three directions. The author proposes to return to the discussion of the existing problems in each of the areas of criticism of postgraduate discipline. These are: 1) the content of the subject from the standpoint of the coordination of its historical and philosophical parts (What?); 2) pedagogical and methodological support of training (How?); and 3) the ultimate goals of postgraduate training in general (For what?). The questions “how?” and “ what for?” are included in a broader context – the formation of the competence of a future scientist, his readiness to solve complex and non-trivial scientific problems. Reflections outlined in the article are built into the overall picture of post-graduate training in universities that has developed to date. The author sums up his reflections by calling for non-stop communication in a mode of continuous “recursive adjoining”. Such a strategy, in his opinion, remains the most reliable means of highquality promotion of both teaching and training of graduate students in general.
About the Concept “Learning” in Russian-language Academic Discourse
Authors: Ivanova M. A.
Published: October 2021

Being one of the basic didactic terms, “learning” is frequently translated by Russianspeaking researchers as either “obuchenie” or “uchenie”. It seems strange, as these two words are not synonyms in Russian. Moreover, in Russian conventional didactics they denote two different phenomena: “obuchenie” refers to the entire educational process consisting of both the teacher’s and the learner’s activities while “uchenie” corresponds to the latter one. Successful international academic communication presupposes that any terms accepted by English-speaking professionals should be adapted to the national didactic concepts of this or that country. Taking this requirement into account, the author concludes that the only possible equivalent of “learning” in Russian is “uchenie”, not “obuchenie”, while the phrase “the shift from teaching to learning” and the term “student-centred learning” should be translated as “sdvig / perekhod ot prepodavaniya k ucheniyu” and “studentotsentrirovannoe uchenie” respectively. The author comes to the conclusion that student-centred learning (SCL) opposed to student-centred teaching can be considered the highest point in the development of student-centred approach currently prevailing in European countries. SCL as a new type of learning means that the student becomes an active participant in educational process having his (her) own needs and interests in the focus of attention. The substitution of the word “uchenie” by the incorrect variant “obuchenie” existing in the Russian academic discourse nowadays prevents Russian-speaking researchers from seeing clearly the essence of SCL.
Integrative Approach in Teaching English for Professional Purposes
Authors: Sokolova V. A. , Titova I. V.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the need for an integrative approach in teaching Business English, aimed at forming and developing professional competencies of a future graduate in the field of management. The applied aspect of the integrative approach means implementing the principle of integration in all parts of the educational process. In this study, it concerns the formation of professional competencies during the process of learning a foreign language. The basis of the successful implementation of an integrative approach at all levels is adding a reflective component, forming of reflective position of a student. It helps analyze and order all the elements and stages of the studying activity from goal setting to result achieving; it also helps students realize themselves as active participants of the studying process. Today, due to various factors and reasons, the potential of the discipline “Business Foreign Language” in forming professional competencies often remains unrealized. The course developed allows to fully reveal its opportunities of forming professional competencies for a future manager. The course is focused on developing skills in a foreign language and professional training of students in such field of study as “Management”. This contributes to the students’ personal and professional growth. This is achieved due to the course’s content and structure, when the general concept of management and its functions being considered sequentially and logically. Including the reflective component into the studying process allows not only the teacher but also the students themselves follow the level of progress and the degree of achieving the goals set by them.
University Philosophy Course: Reboot is Required
Authors: Shchelkunov M. D.
Published: October 2021

The philosophical training of tertiary-level students is designed to perform a number of functions assigned to it by society and the state. However, in recent years, it is no longer in demand by the majority of the educational process participants, since the university philosophy does not respond well to modern challenges from education, primarily to the need of digitalization and competence approach implementation. To preserve the disciplinary status of philosophy, the lecturers have to modernize the content, methods and forms of implementation of the discipline in order to increase its attractiveness in students’ minds, as well as the demand by society and the state. One of the possible ways to update the training course of philosophy is seen in its reorientation towards the development of students’ universal competencies prescribed in the state educational standards. In this case, the philosophical content becomes a tool to achieve this goal, and the philosophical heritage is used as a theoretical basis for mastering the technologies of mental action. The article presents the experience of Kazan University, where the philosophy course has recently become a tool for “system and critical thinking” competence training. Although a digital format of philosophical training has a number of cognitive advantages, nevertheless it is fraught with the risk that the philosophical value potential will not be fully realized. This risk can be minimized through a mixed format of teaching philosophy. Тo increase the demand for philosophy in higher education, the author offers a number of ways to enhance the role and importance of philosophy in students’ minds.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cisplatin Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Benkhadra Raed , Nayfeh Tarek , Patibandla Sai Krishna , Peterson Chelsea , Prokop Larry , Alhalabi Omar , Murad M. Hassan , Mao Shifeng S.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:

Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the efficacy and safety of the two most commonly used cisplatin-based regimens; gemcitabine, and cisplatin (GC) vs. accelerated (dose-dense: dd) or conventional methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin (MVAC).

METHODS:

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and other sources. Outcomes of interest included overall survival, downstaging to pT≤1, pathologic complete response (pCR), recurrence, and toxicity. Meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effects model.

RESULTS:

We identified 24 studies. Efficacy outcomes were comparable between MVAC and GC for MIBC. dd-MVAC was associated with favorable efficacy compared to GC in terms of downstaging (OR 1.45; 95%CI 1.15–1.82) and all-cause mortality at longest follow-up (OR 0.63; 95%CI 0.44–0.81). However, GC was associated with a better safety profile in terms of febrile neutropenia (OR 0.32; 95%CI 0.13–0.80), anemia (OR 0.32; 95%CI 0.18–0.54), nausea and vomiting (OR 0.27; 95%CI 0.12–0.65) compared to dd-MVAC. Compared to MVAC, patients receiving GC had an increased risk of developing grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia (OR 4.70; 95%CI 1.59–13.89) and a lower risk of nausea and vomiting (OR 0.05; 95%CI 0.01–0.31). Certainty in the estimates was very low for most outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Efficacy and safety outcomes were comparable between MVAC and GC for MIBC. Including non-peer-reviewed studies showed higher efficacy with dd-MVAC. A phase III randomized trial comparing the two regimens is needed to guide clinical practice.
Hazard analysis of a yacht designed for people with disabilities
Authors: Branowski Bogdan , Zabłocki Marek , Gabryelski Jarosław , Walczak Andrzej , Kurczewski Przemysław
Published: October 2021

Introduction: In connection with the design of a seaworthy yacht for persons with disabilities, authors conduct a risk analysis and consider the safety aspects arising from these risks. In the context of tourism and recreation for people with disabilities, this represents a new issue in the literature. Aim: The aim of the analysis was a multi-aspect evaluation of the hazards that occur when sailors with disabilities carry out typical activities on a yacht. The recommendations arising from the conducted research were used when designing the structure of a staysail schooner intended to be sailed by people with disabilities. Methods: Two methods of risk analysis were adopted. A preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) was carried out with the purpose of identifying and evaluating the possibility of people with various types of disabilities carrying out activities on a yacht. A process hazard analysis (PRHA) was based on a four-degree structure of functions with 31 component operations, relating to both sailing and living on a yacht. This methodology was used by the authors in sailing for the first time when the yacht’s equipment was designed for persons with disabilities. Results: The evaluation covered the adaptation of the yacht for sailing by people with disabilities and considered the various functions that would need to be carried out by these people. A PRHA matrix was created, consisting of 1,116 fields. Authors found that safe execution of many of the relevant functions by people with various types of disabilities was indicated. Conclusions: Based on the results of the PRHA, a set of new guidelines was created for permanent and temporary adaptations of a yacht in the context of the degrees and causes of disabilities.