bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students’ proportional reasoning in solving non-routine problems based on mathematical disposition
Authors: Izzatin M , Waluya SB , Rochmad  , Kartono  , Dwidayati N , Dewi NR
Published: June 2021

Proportional reasoning is the important process in solving social arithmetic problems. A students’ successes in solving mathematical problem is also determined by affective abilities, one of which is a mathematical disposition. This study aims to describe the students’ proportional reasoning in solving non-routine problems based on mathematical disposition. This research is a qualitative study by conducting an in-depth analysis of the proportional reasoning ability of students in students with high, medium, and low mathematical dispositions. The research instrument used was a problem solving ability test, a mathematical disposition scale, and an interview guide. The result shows that in solving non-routine problems, students with high mathematical disposition have mathematical reasoning abilities at level five (Functional and Scalar Relationships), students with moderate mathematical disposition at level four (Accomodating Covariance and Invariance), and students with low mathematical disposition at level five one (Qualitative). Thus it can be concluded that the higher the mathematical disposition of students, the proportional reasoning in solving non-routine problems will be better.
Ethnomathematics exploration in the remote areas
Authors: Dwidayatiand N , Zaenuri
Published: June 2021

The research objective is to explore ethnomatematic forms in the remote areas. The research was conducted in the Karimunjawa Islands, Jepara Regency. Data were collected using observation and interview methods. The observations were focused on the existing house buildings on Karimunjawa and Kemujan Islands. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the houses built by the Bugis who live on the island of Kemujan were very ethno-mathematical. The structure of the house on stilts contains the concept of symmetry. Window and door accessories contain various concept shapes.
Statistic literation profile viewed from thinking level Middle Order Thinking Skills (MOTS)
Authors: Hidayati N A , Waluya S B , Rochmad  , Sukestiyarno Y L , Suyitno H , Walid
Published: June 2021

Purpose of this study is to describe the statistical literacy skills of prospective teacher students in terms of Middle Order Thinking Skills (MOTS). Students should have basic statistical competence so that they can respond, understand, analyze, interpret, and make conclusions about various information related to statistics and can give meaning to problems raised through statistical information in various literacy media. The level of MOTS thinking in bloom revision taxonomy includes remembering (C1), applying (C2) and understanding (C3). This research is a qualitative research. The subjects of this study were students of mathematics education study programs who took statistics statistics. Researchers developed a statistical literacy ability test that would measure competencies in terms of the level of thinking of MOTS, namely: understanding statistical concepts, insight into statistical concept applications, numeracy skills and the ability to present statistical data. The test instrument is then given to the research subject and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the statistical literacy ability of students in terms of MOTS showed that 19% in the low category, 28.6% in the Medium category and 52.4% in the high category
Mathematical problem-solving ability based on self-efficacy in junior high school
Authors: Fatmasari H R , Waluya S B , Sugianto
Published: June 2021

Problem-solving ability is one of the standard mathematical abilities that students must have. This ability can be mastered well by students if students have affective abilities, one of which is self-efficacy. The aim of this research is to determine the ability of junior high school mathematics problem-solving based on student self-efficacy. Descriptive qualitative research is the method approach used in this research. The research subject is one student who represents the levels of self-efficacy. The results showed that students with high self-efficacy were able to master four indicators of mathematical problem-solving, students with self-efficacy were mastering three indicators, and students with low self-efficacy were only able to master one indicator. The conclusion of this research are students who have high self-efficacy are able to solve problems according to the indicators of mathematical problem-solving abilities compared to students who have medium and low self-efficacy, because students with high self-efficacy are more can to withstand math problems and do not give up hope in meeting failure. Meanwhile, students with moderate and low self-efficacy are able to solve all problems but are less able to meet the problem-solving ability indicators because they have doubts and give up easily in solving math problems.
The influence of self-directed learning on mathematical problem solving ability in problem-based learning with ethnomathematics nuances
Authors: Amidi  , Zahrona S Z , Chaniago A F
Published: June 2021

The ability that students need in problem solving is self-directed learning which is the ability to determine the learning objectives to be achieved by paying attention to their learning conditions and needs, determining the appropriate learning method of the learning material they want to study, and determining the evaluation methods to assess their learning progress and observe the rapidity of learning according to their respective ability. This research aimed to analyze the effect of self-directed learning on students’ mathematical problem solving ability in ethnomathematics problem-based learning model with Whatsapp group. This research used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The model used in this research was a sequential explanatory model with a posttest-only control design. There were two groups in this research, namely the experimental group and the control group. Randomized class technique was used by the researchers to determine sample of two groups selected from a homogeneous population. The subjects in this research were determined using purposive sampling technique. The results showed that self-directed learning affected students’ mathematical problem solving ability in problem-based learning with ethnomathematics nuances assisted by Whatsapp groups. It was based on the students’ achievement in three self-directed learning categories, namely high category with three indicators, medium category with two indicators, and low category with one indicator.
Calcu card: Developing augmented reality-based learning media on the three-dimensional shapes with curves lesson for junior high school student
Authors: Majid A F , Ichiana N N , Yuliany N , Angriani A D , Hafsyah  , Kusumayanti A
Published: June 2021

This study aims to: 1) produce Augmented Reality-based Calcu Card learning media on the Three-Dimensional Shapes with Curves lessons that are valid, practical, and effective, 2) test the suitability of applying the learning media to determine the application effect. The subjects of study were 9th Grade Student of SMP Pesantren Guppi Samata. The development model was using the PIE development model or plan, implement, and evaluate. Meanwhile, the data to be collected were in the form of questionnaires and learning outcomes tests. This research was carried out in 2 ways, namely first a small-scale test for the 9th Grade Student, then a large-scale test for 9th Grade Student of SMP Pesantren Guppi Samata, they were 20 students. The results showed that the average validator’s assessment of the Calcu Card application was 3.25. Based on the student assessment, it can be obtained that the average response of students through a questionnaire to the Calcu Card application was 3.19. Furthermore, the percentage of students ‘completeness was 75% while the percentage of students’ incompleteness was 25%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Augmented Reality-based Calcu Card learning media is suitable for 9th Grade Student of SMP Guppi Samata by meeting the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness.
The effectiveness of project-based learning assisted by digital module toward mathematical connection ability
Authors: Kusnandar  , Junaedi I , Suyitno A
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning assisted by digital module in increasing students’ mathematical connection ability. The study was conducted using quantitative method with quasi experimental design. The study population was the mathematical connection ability of grade XI students of SMK Negeri 1 Kandeman with the mathematical connection ability of students of grade XI TAV 1 and XI TITL as the sample. The result showed that Project-Based Learning assisted by digital module was effective in increasing students’ mathematical connection ability. Learning is carried out through virtual meeting. The digital module contains the design of student activities in the implementation of Project-Based Learning according to indicators of the mathematical connection ability. The learning activity was recorded and a link to access the recording was shared to students so that it could be used as learning material.
Development of learning media for earth physics based on augmented reality as an interactive learning media
Authors: Purwinarko A , Hardyanto W , Adhi M A
Published: June 2021

Augmented Reality (AR) technology has been applied in various fields, including education. One of the courses that can apply AR technology is the earth physics course. The use of AR as a supporting tool can help visualize things that cannot be seen directly in their form to improve learning that is directly difficult to imagine. AR supports studying complex subjects, in particular, geology and geophysics as part of earth physics. AR development using the Rapid-Application Development (RAD) technique. The results of this study are mobile-based learning media to visualize geology and geophysics subjects using AR.
E-boarding KAI access summative usability analysis with adoption of USE questionnaire
Authors: Citra W , Mustika K D , Thya S S , Yulita W I
Published: June 2021

PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) is a State-Owned Enterprise that regulates and manages railroad transportation services in Indonesia. PT KAI focused on becoming the best railroad service provider by meeting stakeholder’s expectations. In its development, PT KAI launched the KAI Access Application in 2014. KAI Access is an Official Mobile Application to help prospective passengers obtain information and make train ticket reservations online. E-Boarding Pass is one of the features in the KAI Access application that can be operated two hours before the train departure schedule. Summative usability analysis is applied to measure the level of compatibility between the functional system and its focus. This study uses the USE Questionnaire Method as a parameter in usability measurement. The assessment criteria used are usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction. The results showed that usability was in the “high” standards with a value of 79.6%. The study conducted in 9 Indonesian Railroad Operation Areas (DAOP) of PT KAI with the results of the usefulness criterion 80.9%, the ease of use criterion 77.7%, the ease of learning criterion 80.4%, and the satisfaction criterion 79.4%.
Strategy for assessment the competence of human resources in the information and communication technology sector
Authors: Priyantoro T
Published: June 2021

Increasing the competence of Human Resources (HR) in the utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) following the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI) is a demand for the development of ICT that is very rapid at this time. To determine the effect of competencies, an objective and efficient assessment strategy is needed. The Profile Matching method can be applied in the assessment because it has a decision-making mechanism that assumes that there is an ideal level of predictor variable that must be owned, so identification can be made using several evaluation criteria, and profiles will be found that will be adjusted to the expected ideal shape.
Identification of diseases in tomato leaves using convolutional neural network and transfer learning method
Authors: Alim M M F , Subiyanto  , Sartini
Published: June 2021

The high market demand for tomatoes required high productivity in the agricultural sector. Plant disease is a threat that obstructs tomato production. Disease control is essential to prevent crop failure. Automatic identification is highly recommended for agriculture applications. Inspired by the recent successes research of deep learning for identification, this study applied a computer vision method for identifying tomato plant diseases. This paper adopted a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm with the transfer learning approach to identify tomato plant disease. The CNN models such as VVG, ResNet, and DenseNet have been compared to identify and classify tomato plant diseases. The experiments were carried out using a PlantVillage dataset, with 22930 images of tomato leaves diseases and consists of 10 classes. The best model is achieved by ResNet-50 with accuracy, precision, recall, fl-score, and AUC 96.16%, 97%, 96%, 97%, and 97.92%, respectively. The experimental results proved that CNN models could be a useful tool in identifying tomato plant disease.
Clustering of potencial customer in digital trade transaction
Authors: Purwanto E , Long Z A , Mohd F
Published: June 2021

The growth of digital trade transaction data in Indonesia is very rapid. Retail ecommerce in Indonesia is currently growing rapidly although it is still smaller than other countries, growing by around 30% every year for the last five years. Customer grouping is carried out based on different types of customer data, including customer value data, customer profile data, customer transaction data, and customer purchase order data. In the following sections, we briefly introduce each type. This study used data mining that was collected from potential customers by online questionnaires. The customer set data used were 309 respondents. The data collection that the authors do it by distributing questionnaires online through Google form. Clustering process used neural network algorithm. The competitive network used data clustering. The research result based on the results of data collection, the data grouping can be obtained with cluster 3 epoches 1000 data with kohonen parameter 0.01 and cluster 3 epoches 1000 data with kohonen parameter 0.01.
Quality assurance testing to improve the quality of human resource management system
Authors: Jamali N , Sagirani T
Published: June 2021

Developing a Human Resource Management System has minimum requirements that are needed to be fulfilled, which are software that can do and manage the schedule, roles, positions, attendance, leave, company’s bulletin, and employee tracking. Human Resource Management System in its development concerns its quality, which one of the attempts in confirming the launched quality software is doing the quality assurance test. The quality assurance testing is needed to verify the application developed has been qualified to why launched the software. The quality assurance testing will provide several recommendations by giving information to detect system errors, providing information to prevent system errors from recurring, knowing the system’s capability limits, and providing product quality information. This study conducted quality testing for a human resource management system for 62 test cases, including nine modules and two non-functional requirements.
Video scene change detection based on histogram analysis for hiding message
Authors: Fuad M , Ernawan F , Hui L J
Published: June 2021

The rapid growth of internet technology has greatly increased the opportunity for secrecy communication. Most of communications implemented compression method in digital applications due to fast transferring data in the limited bandwidth. In addition, the information can be changed by a third party in communication. This paper proposed a new hiding technique by modifying DCT coefficients in the video frames. The scene changes of the video data are identified based on histogram analysis for hiding locations. Scene changes among video frames are detected by measuring the significant difference of histogram analysis. The proposed hiding technique in video is also evaluated against MPEG-4 compression. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieved high imperceptibility with minimum visual distortion on the video quality. The proposed hiding scheme also can recover the concealed data from the compressed video. The results show that the extracted hidden message is able to resistant against MPEG compression.
Bank predictions for prospective long-term deposit investors using machine learning LightGBM and SMOTE
Authors: Muslim M A , Dasril Y , Alamsyah A , Mustaqim T
Published: June 2021

Banks try to get profit from society in various ways. One way is to use long-term deposit investment offers. If the product offering process for potential investors is not carefully considered, it will waste resources. Therefore, this study analyzes the accuracy of the predictions of consumers who have a high chance of participating in this program. The dataset used is historical bank data provided by Kaggle. In previous research, accuracy prediction has been carried out, but the accuracy is still low because it does not use a method to balance the class. Better accuracy can be improved using LightGBM and SMOTE methods. The test results with the number of testing data as much as 6590 and training data as many as 32950 show the highest accuracy of 90.63%.
Accuracy enhancement in face recognition using 1D-PCA & 2D-PCA based on multilevel reverse-biorthogonal wavelet transform with KNN classifier
Authors: Dinariyah I , Alamsyah
Published: June 2021

Face recognition is a physical biometric technique that allows computers to recognize human faces. Currently, face recognition is widely used in the authentication security system. Accuracy improvement in face recognition can be made by doing image decomposition using multi-level reverse biorthogonal wavelets. Composed image features will be extracted using 1D-PCA and 2D-PCA. Face classification was carried out by using the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. Furthermore, the face recognition accuracy results using and without the wavelet decomposition will be compared. This research used 565 images in which 400 face images are obtained from the AT&T database, and 400 face images are obtained from the YALE database. This study revealed that the highest accuracy in face recognition using AT&T is98.75% which obtained by 60% training images and 40% testing images, while in face recognition using YALE highest accuracy is obtained on face recognition using 90% training images and 90% testing images with 100% accuracy.
Implementation of MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture in online submission and reporting process at official travel warrant information system based on web application
Authors: Subari A , Manan S , Ariyanto E
Published: June 2021

An official travel warrant (SPPD) is a type of assignment letter needed by an employee as evidence of an order from the manager in carrying out work assignments to other areas. At the end of the assignment, employees must make a report on the tasks assigned to their manager. In general, SPPD services are still carried out manually, both in the process of submission, approval, reporting and data storage. This manual service requires a long processing time, large resources and must be performed in rigid places and times. In addition, storing letters manually creates difficulties when retrieve data is required. This research aims to provide an online official travel warrant information system based on a web application. With web-based applications, information system services are faster and can be done anytime anywhere, not limited by time and place. The storage of letter data in the database concept also facilitates the retrieving process. The information system is designed to serve the complete service flow of official travel warrant starting from submission, approval to reporting. The design of the application system is carried out by PHP programming with the MVC (Model-View-Controller) concept using the Codeigniter framework. Data is stored on the MYSQL database. The design results are tested for functionality using the black-box method. From the test results, it was found that all the functions designed including submission, approval, reporting and retrieval of data could go well as expected. The assignment letter create by system and send to employee online. The task report can create online on the system. Approval of the task report is also carried out online in the designed information system.
An improved ranking method for fuzzy numbers using integral value of inverse function
Authors: Sam’an M , Farikhin  , Alamsyah
Published: June 2021

Ranking fuzzy numbers is very important decision making in process, procedure, analysis and application. In practice, many problems in real situation which need handling and evaluating for problems have fuzzy data, so that ranking fuzzy number can be used to make decision precisely. Vincent and Dat proposed an improved Liou and Wang’s approach for left, right, and total integral values of the fuzzy number. However, the improved by Vincent and Dat fails to rank trapezoidal fuzzy numbers having equal the compensation of areas. This paper proposes an improved ranking method to overcome shortcomings of Vincent and Dat’s ranking method. The improved ranking method for ranking trapezoid fuzzy numbers, presenting the left, right, and total integral values from inverse function of trapezoid fuzzy numbers. Finally, the comparative example is given here to illustrate the advantages of the improved ranking method for ranking trapezoid fuzzy numbers
High capacity image steganography using LSB with modified binary addition on RGB indicator
Authors: Irwanto A , Prasetiyo B
Published: June 2021

Steganography is the practice of hiding information in the code that makes up digital files and preventing unwanted people from knowing the existence of hidden information. High-capacity steganography techniques have been successfully performed using LSB with binary addition method, but the quality can be improved using LSB with modified binary addition. By using binary addition, message insertion can be done with two bits at once in one insertion process. For six examples of images, the message insertion process is carried out using the binary addition method and modified binary addition method with the use of 100% capacity or using all pixel values of the image. Then the SSIM, MSE, and PSNR values are calculated from each test result. This study shows that the modified binary addition method has better quality than the binary addition method. The test results show that the binary addition method produces average SSIM, MSE, and PSNR values respectively 0.971743, 9.711678, and 38.26588. Meanwhile, modified binary addition resulted in the values of 0.993287, 2.112745, and 44.88844. These results indicate that the modified binary addition method produces better quality than binary addition while maintaining high message capacity.
Handwritten character recognition using convolutional neural network
Authors: Khandokar I , Hasan M , Ernawan F , Islam S , Kabir M N
Published: June 2021

Handwritten character recognition (HCR) is the detection of characters from images, documents and other sources and changes them in machine-readable shape for further processing. The accurate recognition of intricate-shaped compound handwritten characters is still a great challenge. Recent advances in convolutional neural network (CNN) have made great progress in HCR by learning discriminatory characteristics from large amounts of raw data. In this paper, CNN is implemented to recognize the characters from a test dataset. The main focus of this work is to investigate CNN capability to recognize the characters from the image dataset and the accuracy of recognition with training and testing. CNN recognizes the characters by considering the forms and contrasting the features that differentiate among characters. Our CNN implementation is experimented with the dataset NIST to obtain the accuracy of handwritten characters. Test result provides that an accuracy of 92.91% accuracy is obtained on 200 images with a training set of 1000 images from NIST.
Evaluation of feature selection using information gain and gain ratio on bank marketing classification using naïve bayes
Authors: Prasetiyo B , Alamsyah  , Muslim M A , Baroroh N
Published: June 2021

One of the efforts of banks to do marketing is by telephone to offer their products, such as deposits. There are many variables that influence whether the customer decides to subscribe or not. In this study, we present a comparison of feature selection from high features dataset. We use a bank marketing dataset which has 20 features and consists of 4,119 instances. We consider 2 ranking methods entropy-based, namely Information Gain (IG) and Gain Ratio (GR). In our experiment, we classified the various selected based on the ranking of the selected features using Naïve Bayes. We show that the selection of different features is important for classification accuracy. The different combinations of feature selection can affect the accuracy results.
Land suitability analysis using geographic information system (GIS): a case study in Soppeng district
Authors: Wahyuddin S , Buchari H , Wahab I I , Rahmat Z , Fadli Z
Published: June 2021

The agricultural sector is a sector of the economy that is still the flagship in various regions in Indonesia, especially Soppeng regency. The area of Soppeng hills is approximately 800 km2 and is at an average altitude of 200 m above sea level, and has no coastal area. The utilization of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) promises resource management and modeling, especially quantitative models, to be more accessible and simpler. GIS is an efficient and effective way to know the characteristics of a region’s land and its development potential. Land suitability is the suitability of land for a particular purpose of use through the determination of land value (class) and land use patterns connected to the territory’s potential. It can be attempted more targeted land use along with its sustainability maintenance efforts. The spatial analysis involves modeling, testing, and interpreting model results to extract or form new information from a collection of geographic elements. This research will be carried out for 12 Months (1 year) through 4 stages. The research aims to identify land use’s suitability in the analysis of agricultural land suitability using geographical information systems in Soppeng regency area.
Sentiment analysis using lexicon-based method with naive bayes classifier algorithm on #newnormal hashtag in twitter
Authors: Mustofa R L , Prasetiyo B
Published: June 2021

Back In 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) has announced COVID-19 as a pandemic. From the many public responses, especially those on Twitter regarding the #newnormal campaign, a sentiment analysis process needs to be carried out to find out the perceptions that exist in society through social media. In this study, data were obtained through the crawling process on Twitter using the Twitter API. The method used in the sentiment analysis process is lexicon-based. The lexicon-based method works by labeling words containing sentiments based on a lexicon dictionary that already has weight on each word or doesn’t have weight on words in a lexicon dictionary. The classification results using lexicon-based are also used to make training data in the testing process using the naive Bayes classifier algorithm. In general, the research stages in this sentiment analysis include data crawling, text preprocessing, feature extractions, and the classification process. The sentiment analysis process results showed that the percentage of social media users on Twitter about #newnormal was 33.19% containing negative sentiments and 66.36% containing positive sentiments. Meanwhile, for testing the naive Bayes classifier algorithm in the sentiment analysis process got an accuracy of 79.72%.
Comparative study between KNN and maximum entropy classification in sentiment analysis of menstrual cup
Authors: Sugiharti E , Fauziah D
Published: June 2021

The rise of reuse, reduce, recycle movement impacts both in pollutants management and waste. Including menstrual waste by using the menstrual cup. However, the use of menstrual cups in Indonesia is not yet popular. Sentiment analysis is needed to see how the public thinks about the menstrual cup. Using 1108 data from Twitter, which was then labeled into positive and negative manually, the sentiment analysis stage was carried out using Maximum Entropy and K-Nearest Neighbor. These two were chosen because maximum entropy works by obtaining the best probability distribution, which closest to reality, and k-nearest neighbors work by classifying new objects based on attribute examples and training data. The implementation program uses PyCharm IDE and python programming language. From the research results, maximum entropy and k-nearest neighbors accuracy each are 84.6% and 83.7% with 1108 tweets. In the next research, a lexicon dictionary can be used to replace the manual labeling process.
Insecticidal effect from waste extract of two local spices plant on the rice weevil
Authors: Widiyaningrum P , Candrawati D
Published: June 2021

In an attempt to found natural and cheaper methods for the control of rice weevil, waste extract from two local spices plant were evaluated. Ethanol extracts (mix of leaf and stem parts) ofZingiber zerumbetandAmomum cardamomumwere tested on rice weevil for their insecticidal effect. The rice weevil was treated under four different exposure times (0, 1, 2, and 3 hours) and then maintained for 3 weeks in the rice storage. The difference in weight loss of rice (WL) was assumed as feed consumption, and it was an indicator of the insecticidal effect. Percentage of WL were analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that exposure time was significant to WL on both extracts (LSD test; α < 0.05). The insecticidal effect with the lowest WL of rice occurred in a 3-hour treatment. The percentage WL inA. cardamomumis lower than those in theZ. Zerumbet.In conclusion, both plants’ waste extract decreased the feeding activity on the rice weevil, but the waste extract ofA. cardamomumis more effective thanZ. zerumbet.This study demonstrates that a waste extract of A. Cardamomum has potency as an insecticide for rice weefil, when appropriate formulation and application methods have been developed.
Immunohistochemical distribution of Immunoglobulin-A in relation to the intestinal microbiota of Cairina moschata (Muscovy) duck
Authors: Susanti R , Christijanti W , Yuniastuti A
Published: June 2021

The intestinal mucosal was a physical barrier of host defense against foreign pathogens. This research was conducted to elaborate the distribution of IgA and its relation to the abundance of muscovy duck intestinal microbes. Muscovy duck samples were obtained from local community farms in Gunungpati Subdistrict, Semarang City, which were maintained in the barn (non-cage). Each muscovy duck sample was slaughtered and dissected the chest cavity to the abdomen and then taken the intestinal organs. A total of 5g of intestinal contents was taken aseptically and used for NGS analysis. Furthermore, intestinal tissue was made into histology slides for immunohistochemical IgA analysis. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis showed that the IRS score of the small and large intestine were 4 (moderate). Muscovy duck in this study was healthy or normal, so the IRS score was in position 4 (moderate). Intestinal bacteria were dominated by Firmicutes phyla (48.71%), followed by Proteobacteria (32.87%) and Actinobacteria (8.32%). At the ordo level, bacterial composition was dominated by the ordo Enterobacteriales (32.08%), Clostridiales (21.04%), Bacillales (14.84%) and Lactobacillales (13.41%). In this intestinal muscovy duck, there was an equilibrium of microbiota components and there was no exogenous microorganisms that stimulate the overexpression of IgA production.
Effect of aeration on the growth and sporulation of Aspergillus niger in cassava stalks bioconversion
Authors: Dewi P , Indrati R , Millati R , Sardjono
Published: June 2021

Aspergillus niger is a mould which can be used in bioconversion of cassava stalks through solid-state fermentation. Mould is aerobic microorganism and require oxygen for their growth. Sufficient supply of oxygen by aeration will give better growth of mold, but excess of oxygen will act as a bad condition and encourage production of spores. Moulds at sporulation stage will not produced enzymes required for bioconversion of lignocellulosic material, for example cassava stalks. The aim of this study was to know effect of aeration on the growth and sporulation of Aspergillus niger in bioconversion of cassava stalks. Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114 were grown on media of cassava stalks powder moistened with water in 1:1 ratio, incubated inside of two kinds of incubators. The first, incubator of plastic box at 20 L capacities without aeration. The second, incubator equipped with aquarium aerator for force-aeration and IV needles for controlling the speed of aeration at 40 mL/min. Based on the result, it was shown that fermented media from aerated incubator were: higher glucosamine content, lower reducing sugar content, and higher spores quantity. These indicated that aeration at the speed of 40 mL/min will encourage growth and increase sporulation of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114.
Effect of Gamma Co60-irradiated chitosan and vitamin E towards Pb acetate cytotoxicity on rat kidney
Authors: Marianti A , Christijanti W , Mursiti S
Published: June 2021

This research aims to assess the effectivity of the combination of Gamma Co60- irradiated chitosan and vitamin E towards cytotoxicity of rat kidney which is exposed to Pb acetate. All six research groups, except the control group, were induced with Pb acetate. Negative control was treated with Pb acetate. Treatment 1 group was only treated with irradiated chitosan at the dose of 150 kGy. Treatment groups were treated with the combination of irradiated chitosan and vitamin E at several doses of 1.44, 2.16, and 3.00 mg kg−10 BW for 40 days. On the 41st day, rats were terminated for renal tissue analysis. This research showed no pathological changes in the control and treatment 2 group. The group treated with only irradiated chitosan showed a minimum amount of damage. The group treated with a combination of irradiated chitosan and vitamin E on higher doses showed various pathological effects such as nephrosis necrotic nephrosis and interstitial nephritis. It was presumably affected by the prooxidant effect from abundant vitamin E content. In conclusion, the combination of Gamma Co60-irradiated chitosan and vitamin E at the right dose effectively protects Pb acetate-exposed rats’ renal tissue. Still, the higher dose of vitamin E will be ineffective.
Progressivity of TNF-α production and miR-29b-3p expression during hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Iswari R S , Dafip M , Kartika A I , Fitria M S
Published: June 2021

Hypercholesterolemia triggers atherosclerosis, characterized by releasing TNF-α and miR-29-3p that may be applicable for biomarker or therapeutic targets. This study was aimed to analyze the correlation between TNF-α production and miR-29b-3p expression during hypercholesterolemia progression. Total 12-male-Sprague Dawley rats weighted of 170-180 gr were randomly divided into normal control group and hypercholesterolemia (HC) group, equally. The Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were given only standard feed for seven weeks, combined with placebo for normal group and 2 ml of cholesterol/200 grBM/day, orally for hypercholesterolemia group. The miR-29b-3p expression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR and TNF-α using ELISA, by followed manufacture procedures. The miR-29b-3, then analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis, whereas TNF-α was analysed using t-test. During, initial week, TNF-α was produced 5.19±0.20 pg/ml in the normal group and significantly different with HC group there was 4.43±0.32 pg/ml, then it significantly increases up to 6.12±0.21 pg/ml in the normal group and 14.10±0.33 in the HC group. Increased of miR-29b-3p expression was occurred in the normal group by from 1.33±0.24-fold change in 1st week to 2.55±0.08 fold change in 8th week, then 1.66x104±1.06x104 to 1.94x104±1.19x104 fold change in HC group.
Antibacterial activity of Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea SL3- 2-R-1 grown on different media and solidifying agents
Authors: Ningsih F , Sari D C A F , Yabe S , Yokota A , Oetari A , Sjamsuridzal W
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different media and solidifying agents as growth media of a rare thermophilic actinobacterium, strain Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea SL3-2-R-1, on its antibacterial activity. To investigate the antibacterial potential, the strain was grown on four media, e.g., International Streptomyces Project (ISP) 1, ISP 2, ISP 3, and Bennett’s medium, solidified with agar and gellan gum, at 45 °C for 21-days. The antibacterial activity screening was performed using the agar plug diffusion method against four bacterial test strains (S. aureus, B. subtilis, K. rhizophila, and E. coli) grown on Mueller-Hinton agar, incubated at 30 °C for 17 h. The antibacterial activity was observed on strain grown on ISP 1 gellan gum, ISP 2 gellan gum, ISP 3 agar, ISP 3 gellan gum, and Bennett’s agar against B. subtilis. The strain grown on ISP 1 gellan gum, ISP 3 agar, and ISP 3 gellan gum inhibited the growth of K. rhizophila, while on ISP 1, gellan gum and ISP 3 agar were positive against S. aureus. However, on all media, the strain showed no inhibition against E. coli.
Species richness of spiders in the Kebun Wisata Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Semarang
Authors: Ngabekti S , Partaya  , Martin P , Solichin  , Nugroho B T
Published: June 2021

This study aims to explore the Species Richness Spiders (Arachnida) in the Kebun Wisata Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Semarang. Sampling was carried out by the roaming method, in June-July 2020 during the dry season. Spiders are collected using a pitfall trap (PFT) for spiders on the ground, and photographed for spiders that make their webs at a certain height. During sampling, the types of spiders were recorded, the number of individuals per species, the microhabitat of the spiders, with measurements of the abiotic conditions: temperature, humidity, light intensity. Data analyzed by using spider functional dendrogram and be collected regarding to the level of family, genus, and species. Quantitative data analysis includes analysis of Species Richness Index using the Margalef formulation. Species Diversity Index, using Shannon-Wiener. The results of the study concluded that: (1) there were 21 species of spiders caught on the ground, while others, 68 species, were found making nests in trees (2) The species richness of the spider in the UNNES KWP was moderate to high. Meanwhile, diversity index value of spider was high. (3) effort in species richness conservation of spider could be done in their natural habitat, also by adding various kinds of fruit plants to invite insects and spiders to come will effect on increasing species richness.
Evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ripA gene to detect antibiotic resistance
Authors: Koentjoro M P , Rahayu D S , Donastin A , Prasetyo E N
Published: June 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfection has remained a public health threat in Indonesia. This infection is complicated by the antibiotic-resistant ofM. tuberculosisstrains. The common essential in resistance comes from a mutation in genomic DNA. ripA gene is one of the regions critical in the replication and persistence ofM. tuberculosisin their resistance. This gene has responsible for cell wall polymer peptidoglycan. The objective of this research was to evaluate the ripA gene in antibiotic resistance. This is to investigate and compare the ripA gene sequences ofM. tuberculosisat an unprecedented rate. A total of five specimens ofM. tuberculosiswere isolated from tuberculosis patients with rifampicin resistance. The ripA gene fromM. tuberculosiswas isolated and amplified using a design primer for ripA N-terminal domain of peptidoglycan hydrolase. Further, ripA gene was analyzed using the Sanger method sequencing. The data were analyzed and compared usingM. tuberculosisH37Rv from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). In addition, the sequence was analyzed with multiple sequence alignment (Clustal IW) to identify the mutation. Our result suggests that the evaluation of genes in M. tuberculosis isolates revealed sequence variation in ripA regions (Ala701Gly). Understanding these mutations implies an evaluation of antibiotic-resistant. Furthermore, this information implies local diagnostic and treatment guidelines to cell-wall targeting antibiotics.
Optimization of bioethanol production from tapioca flour waste through the addition of a starter and fermentation duration
Authors: Amalia A V , Widiatningrum T , Herdiyanti R D
Published: June 2021

The production of tapioca flour often results in waste problems that have not been handled properly. Utilization of solid waste tapioca flour as an alternative energy for bioenergy is an energy innovation that is renewable and environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioethanol content of tapioca flour waste based on variations in the addition of a starter and variations in fermentation time. The research method used was an experimental method with quantitative data collection. One of the industrial wastes is solid tapioca starch waste in the form of onggok and cassava peels used as the sample. The procedures of this research were: isolation of cassava peels and onggok, hydrolysis and fermentation. The study was conducted with 8 variations of treatment, namely a mixture of cassava skin-onggok plus a 24 hours starter, cassava skin plus a 24hours starter, a mixture of cassava-onggok skin plus a starter, cassava skin plus starter, a mixture of cassava skin-onggok starter for 24 hours and Cassava skin D-1 starter 24 hours. Duration of fermentation treatments on the sample were 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 30 days. The results showed that the mixture of cassava peel and onggok added directly to the starter without waiting 24 hours was the most significant, the alcohol percentage is 55% and the glucose percentage is 17% with a 7 days of fermentation. It can be concluded that solid tapioca starch waste in the form of cassava peels and onggok had potential in bioethanol production with the addition of an optimal starter and not too long fermentation time.
Molecular, morphological, and biochemical identification of sembada merah and sembada hitam rice (Oryza sativa L)
Authors: Kristamtini  , Indrasari S D , Widyayanti S , Andriyanto R , Sumarno
Published: June 2021

Sembada Merah and Sembada Hitam rice were Sleman Yogyakarta Local Genetic Resources which have potential as a functional food. This study aimed to determine the molecular, morphological, and biochemical character of Sembada Hitam and Sembada Merah rice. Molecular identification using RM 220, RM 224 and RM 252 microsatellite markers was carried out in Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty of UGM Yogyakarta. Morphological identification including plant, stem, leaf, flower, panicle and grain character was carried out at AIAT Yogyakarta, meanwhile biochemical identification (amylose and anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-glucoside) content) was conducted in Indonesian Center for Rice Research. Those two rice varieties were identified with Segreng Handayani as a check. The results showed that Sembada Hitam and Sembada Merah rice differ of molecularly, morphologically, and biochemically so that Sembada Hitam and Sembada Merah rice are separate varieties.
Distribution and ecology of mosquito larvae in Pahandut subdistrict, Palangkaraya city
Authors: Augustina I , Jabal A R , Permana G I , Ratnasari A
Published: June 2021

Mosquitoes are vectors for several diseases, such as dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, and chikungunya. This study aimed to navigate and analyze the presence of mosquito larvae in the environment of Pahandut District collected and documented from Langkai, Panarung, Pahandut, Tanjung Pinang, Pahandut Seberang, and Tumbang Rungan urban village in Pahandut Sub-District. The collected samples were examined in Biomedic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Palangka Raya University. The distribution larvae was dominated by Culex quinquefasciatus which was 20.89% in Langkai urban village, Culex quinquefasciatus was 14.24% in Panarung urban village, Aedes aegypti was 5.41% in Pahandut urban village. In Pahandut Seberang and Tumbang Rungan urban village were dominated by Aedes albopictus larvae (17.18% and 7.02% respectively). Most mosquito breeding habitats in ditches were 16.9% in Panarung urban villages. This reported the existence of mosquito breeding habitats in the environment which was significant to the abundance of mosquito larvae, and the observed conditions were thought to be the cause of the disease spread in Pahandut Sub-District.
Species richness of Pteridophyta in Mount Merbabu National Park
Authors: Rahayuningsih M , Rahayu ES , Pratiwi AN
Published: June 2021

Mount Merbabu National Park is a conservation area with a high diversity of unique flora and fauna. The purpose of this study was an inventory of Plantae Divisio of Pteridophyta in Mount Merbabu National Park, Selo, Boyolali Regency. The method used wes exploration with a zoning system, namely the utilization zone and the core zone. The results were analyzed descriptively on characteristics, habitus, benefits, and distribution. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the diversity of Pteridophyta was 41 species in 2 classes and 14 families. Pteridophyta in 2 classes, namely Lycopodiinae and Filicinae. The species included in the Lycopodiinae were Class are Lycopodium clavatum and Huperzia squarrosa. Other species belong to the Class Filicinae. Pteridophyta characteristics that are most easily seen are sorus and leaf shape. Pteridophyta whose terrestrial habitus was more dominant than epiphytic habitus. The benefits of Pteridophyta include ornamental plants, growing media, various kinds of traditional medicine, and a mixture of organic fertilizers. The spread of Pteridophyta is in a place where the higher it is, the Pteridophyta is, the less the number of Pteridophyta is. Pteridophyta in Sabana with an altitude of 2,571 masl, there was only one species, namely Pteridium aquillinum.
Needs analysis of biodiversity encyclopedia on Mount Ungaran
Authors: Setyorini D , Rahayuningsih M , Andin I , Setiati N
Published: June 2021

The objective of the study was to determine the needs analysis of biodiversity encyclopedia on Mount Ungaran Central Java. This research method was descriptive qualitative. This research method using questionnaires and interviews to obtain data with a Likert Scale. The sampling technique is purposive sampling by considering the biological abilities of students. The total population of all students of class X MIPA SMAN 2 Ungaran is 210. The sample is 58 people from each of the 6 classes and class X biology teachers. The results of the analysis showed that the students are currently using the learning resources in the form of textbooks, Student worksheets (LKS), and PowerPoint (PPT). The use of books is still less clearly describing biodiversity based on the potential of the school’s environment. as much as 63,79% reveal that the material biodiversity yet has the uniqueness as well as utilizing local potential. As much as 70,68% of students said they need to learn the material biodiversity based on the local potential, especially in Mount Ungaran in Encyclopedia. Therefore, it is necessary to develop learning resources on biodiversity to utilize local schools’ potential.