bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Addition of the ortho C—H Bond in Aromatic Amides to the C—C Double Bond in α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Lactones and Dihydrofurans.
Authors: Shibata Kaname , Chatani Naoto
Published: April 2016

Various benzamides are treated with the furan reactants under conditions A), B), or C) in the presence of different bases.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Furan by Intermolecular Cascade Reaction of Propargyl Alcohol and Alkyne.
Authors: Hosseyni Seyedmorteza , Su Yijin , Shi Xiaodong
Published: April 2016

The first examples of a triazole‐gold/copper‐catalyzed intermolecular propargyl alcohol addition to alkynes are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Divergent Tandem Radical Annulation of Aldehydes with Olefins Toward Indolines and Dihydropyrans.
Authors: Lv Leiyang , Qi Longying , Guo Qiaoxia , Shen Baojian , Li Zhiping
Published: April 2016

The reaction proceeds via a radical pathway as is demonstrated by addition of an intermediately formed methyl radical (from tBu‐O‐O‐tBu) in absence of any aldehyde yielding compound (XVI) and the formation of indoline derivative (XVIII) when toluene is used as the solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium(III)‐ and Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Coupling of Anilines with α‐Diazoesters via Chelation‐Assisted C—H Activation.
Authors: Tang Guo‐Dong , Pan Cheng‐Ling , Li Xingwei
Published: April 2016

The coupling of N‐functionalized anilines with α‐diazo β‐ketoesters via C—H activation is realized under Ir(III) catalysis to afford ester‐functionalized indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of 4,7‐Dichloro‐N‐methylisatin. Synthesis, anti‐HIV Activity and Modeling Study.
Authors: Hamdy Aws M. , Al‐Masoudi Najim A. , Pannecouque Christophe , Rahman Qamar , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: April 2016

Some of the new compounds exhibit in vitro antiviral activity against the replication of HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 in MT‐4 cells within 2.21—3.11 μM concentration range.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrazonyl Radical‐Participated Tandem Reaction: A Strategy for the Synthesis of Pyrazoline‐Functionalized Oxindoles.
Authors: Duan Xiao‐Yong , Yang Xiu‐Long , Jia Pan‐Pan , Zhang Man , Han Bing
Published: April 2016

A tandem cyclization/addition/cyclization process between N‐aryl acrylamides and easily accessible β,γ‐unsaturated hydrazones under catalyst‐ and solvent‐free conditions and in the presence of di(tert‐butyl) peroxide as oxidant and initiator of hydrazonyl radicals leads to a series of pyrazoline‐functionalized oxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions of 4‐Substituted Indoles with Nitroethene: A Direct Entry to Ergot Alkaloid Structures.
Authors: Romanini Simone , Galletti Emilio , Caruana Lorenzo , Mazzanti Andrea , Himo Fahmi , Santoro Stefano , Fochi Mariafrancesca , Bernardi Luca
Published: April 2016

The utility of this method is demonstrated in the synthesis of compound (VII) which can be further converted to the alkaloid 6,7‐secoagroclavine.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Sequential C—N Bond Formations: Expeditious Synthesis of Tetracyclic Indoloindol‐3‐ones.
Authors: Kulkarni Anand M. , Srinivas Kolluru , Deshpande Mukund V. , Ramana Chepuri V.
Published: April 2016

The tetracyclic indoloindol‐3‐one core is formed from 2,2′‐bis‐bromochalcones by a reaction cascade comprising Cu‐catalyzed SNAr with azide, nitrene C—H insertion and intramolecular Ullmann reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of New 6‐Pyrrolyl‐N‐alkyl‐indazoles from Reductive Coupling of N‐Alkyl‐6‐nitroindazoles and 2,5‐Hexadione.
Authors: El Ghozlani Mohamed , Chicha Hakima , Abbassi Najat , Chigr Mohamed , El Ammari Lahcen , Saadi Mohamed , Spinelli Domenico , Rakib El Mostapha
Published: April 2016

The combination of SnCl2 and acetic acid shows superior activity compared to In/AcOH for the reductive coupling of 6‐nitroimidazoles and 2,5‐hexadione.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Promoted Cyclodesulfurization of Phenolic Thioureas: An Organophotoredox Catalytic Approach to 2‐Aminobenzoxazoles.
Authors: Yadav Vinod K. , Srivastava Vishnu P. , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: April 2016

This method offers a superior alternative to existing methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Intramolecular N—N Bond Coupling Using Cerium(IV) Sulfate as the Oxidant for the Synthesis of 5‐Thio‐Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazoles
Authors: Kwak Se Hun , Kim Kang‐Tae , Yoo Hyun‐Jeong , Gong Young‐Dae
Published: April 2016

starting from N‐imidoylisothioureas
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cross Coupling Reaction Mediated by I2/H2O2: A Novel Approach for the Construction of Fused Thiazole Containing Coumarin Derivatives.
Authors: Belal Md. , Khan Abu T.
Published: April 2016

The three‐step sequence for the conversion of 3‐aminocoumarins into thiazole‐fused derivatives (IV) is based on the oxidative iodine‐catalyzed reaction of precursor (III) with sodium sulfide.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized 1H‐Isochromene Derivatives via a Au‐Catalyzed Domino Cycloisomerization/Reduction Approach.
Authors: Tomas‐Mendivil Eder , Starck Jerome , Ortuno Jean‐Claude , Michelet Veronique
Published: April 2016

The gold‐catalyzed reductive 6‐endo‐cyclization of ortho‐alkynylbenzaldehydes (I), (III), and (V) leads to a variety of 1H‐isochromenes as a sole reaction product.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Oxidation/Michael Addition/Cyclization Cascade for Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Amino‐4H‐chromenes.
Authors: Wu Bo , Gao Xiang , Yan Zhong , Chen Mu‐Wang , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: April 2016

A series of 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐chromenes (III) is readily prepared by reaction of phenols (I) with malononitrile in the presence of quinine‐derived squaramide catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyridinium N‐Aryl/N‐Heteroarylcyclic Ylides as Potential Energetic Materials.
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wang Zuoquan , Jabeen Farukh , Gopinathan‐Pillai Girinath , Zhou Wenfeng , Steel Peter J. , Hall C. Dennis , Katritzky Alan R.
Published: April 2016

Pyridinium ylides are achieved by reaction of pyridinium iodide (I) with aryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: General Method for the Preparation of Electron‐Deficient Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and Related Heterocycles.
Authors: McDonald Ivar M. , Peese Kevin M.
Published: April 2016

A new annulation method for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and related heterocycles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Arylsulfonyl Radical Triggered 1,7‐Enyne Bicyclizations.
Authors: Zhu Yi‐Long , Jiang Bo , Hao Wen‐Juan , Qiu Jiang‐Kai , Sun Jun , Wang De‐Cai , Wei Ping , Wang Ai‐Fang , Li Guigen , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: April 2016

A novel metal‐free bicyclization reaction of 1,7‐enynes (I) anchored by α,β‐conjugates with arylsulfonyl radicals generated in situ from sulfonyl hydrazides is established.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Metal‐Free Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐substituted‐4(3H)‐quinazolinones.
Authors: Mirza Behrooz
Published: April 2016

In situ generated carbodiimidic dibromides react with 2‐aminobenzamides to give quinazoline derivatives in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Conjugate Additions with Heterocyclic Olefins.
Authors: Boblak Kenneth N. , Gasonoo Makafui , Zhang Yiliang , Klumpp Douglas A.
Published: April 2016

Olefinic substrates bearing different N‐heterocyclic ring systems are subjected to a triflic acid mediated title reaction to produce the addition products shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Thia‐1‐dethiacephems via Regioselective Iodocyclization Reaction.
Authors: Garud Dinesh R. , Rode Navnath D. , Bathe Sagar R. , Ranpise Vinod S. , Joshi Ramesh A. , Joshi Rohini R. , Koketsu Mamoru
Published: April 2016

A variety of bicyclic β‐lactams are obtained by regioselective iodocyclization of substituted propargylazetidine‐carbothioamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Catalyzed C—H and N—H Bond Annulation of Sulfonamide with Terminal and Internal Alkynes.
Authors: Kalsi Deepti , Sundararaju Basker
Published: April 2016

An efficient procedure is elaborated for the Co‐catalyzed oxidative annulation of sulfonamides with alkynes leading to benzothiazine derivatives with high regioselectivity and excellent functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: A Protocol for the exo‐Mono and exo,exo‐Bis Functionalization of the Diazocine Ring of Troeger′s Base.
Authors: Dawaigher Sami , Maansson Kristoffer , Ascic Erhad , Artacho Josep , Maartensson Roger , Loganathan Nagarajan , Wendt Ola F. , Harmata Michael , Snieckus Victor , Waernmark Kenneth
Published: April 2016

The direct addition method presented renders possible the access to the desired product types (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Ketophosphonates Formation via Deesterification or Deamidation of Cinnamyl/Alkynyl Carboxylates or Amides with H‐Phosphonates.
Authors: Zhou Yao , Zhou Mingxin , Chen Ming , Su Jihu , Du Jiangfeng , Song Qiuling
Published: April 2016

The convenient copper/iron‐catalyzed aerobic oxyphosphorylation method allows the conversion of a wide range of esters and amides into β‐ketophosphonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Dialkylphosphinic Acids and a Structure—Reactivity Study in Rare Earth Metal Extraction.
Authors: Du Ruo‐Bing , An Huaying , Zhang Suhui , Yu Donghai , Xiao Ji‐Chang
Published: April 2016

Dialkylphosphinic acids are prepared by microwave assisted reaction of α‐olefins with sodium hypophosphite.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of the Magnetron Sputtering for Nanostructured Electrocatalysts Synthesis
Authors: Alexeeva O. K. , Fateev V. N.
Published: April 2016

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Amidinates and Guanidinates of Main Group Metals
Authors: Chlupaty Tomas , Ruzicka Ales
Published: April 2016

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanocene Sulfide Chemistry
Authors: Horacek Michal
Published: April 2016

Review: 185 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Boratabenzene Rare‐Earth Metal Complexes
Authors: Cui Peng , Chen Yaofeng
Published: April 2016

Review: synthesis, structural features, stoichiometric reactivity, and catalytic activty; 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypercoordinate Compounds of the Group 14 Elements Containing ϰn‐C,N‐, C,O‐, C,S‐ and C,P‐Ligands
Authors: Khan Aman , Foucher Daniel
Published: April 2016

Review: syntheses as well as investigations of their unique structures and electronic roperties; 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Alkyl(amino) Carbene Stabilized Complexes with Low Coordinate Metals of Enduring Nature
Authors: Roy Sudipta , Mondal Kartik Chandra , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: April 2016

Review: chemistry, structure and catalytic activity; 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminum Alkyl Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Application in ROP of Cyclic Esters
Authors: Wei Yun , Wang Shaowu , Zhou Shuangliu
Published: April 2016

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing New Readily Available Sugar‐Based Ligands for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones. In the Quest to Expand the Substrate Scope
Authors: Margalef Jessica , Pamies Oscar , Dieguez Montserrat
Published: April 2016

Review: [20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Properties of Porphyrin‐Based Singlet Oxygen Generator
Authors: Jeong Hyo‐Geun , Choi Myung‐Seok
Published: April 2016

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Modification and Spectroscopic Properties of Artificial Porphyrinoids
Authors: Zhou Zhikuan , Shen Zhen
Published: April 2016

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: MasterChem: Cooking 2D‐Polymers
Authors: Rodriguez‐San‐Miguel D. , Amo‐Ochoa P. , Zamora Felix
Published: April 2016

Review: alternative methods, a brief revision, and new strategies; 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Domain of 4‐Amino‐3‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazine‐5‐ones
Authors: Hamama Wafaa S. , El‐Bana Ghada G. , Shaaban Saad , Habib O. M. O. , Zoorob Hanafi H.
Published: April 2016

Review: [synthesis and reactions of 4‐amino‐3mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazine‐5‐ones reported from 1983 to mid.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Carotenoid‐Derived Flavours and Fragrances
Authors: Serra Stefano
Published: April 2016

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Singlet Oxygen and Natural Substrates: Functional Polyunsaturated Models for the Photooxidative Degradation of Carotenoids
Authors: Griesbeck Axel G. , Kleczka Margarethe , de Kiff Alan , Vollmer Moritz , Eske Angelika , Sillner Sarah
Published: April 2016

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Multiple Faces of Eugenol. A Versatile Starting Material and Building Block for Organic and Bio‐organic Synthesis and a Convenient Precursor Toward Bio‐based Fine Chemicals
Authors: Kaufman Teodoro S.
Published: April 2016

Review: 381 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Birch Reduction in Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Fard Mahdiyeh V. , Faghihi Zeinab
Published: April 2016

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine Compounds
Authors: Yoshimura Akira , Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: April 2016

Review: 1601 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Chemistry of Organic Geminal Di‐ and Triazides
Authors: Haering Andreas P. , Kirsch Stefan F.
Published: April 2016

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with Different Carbene Precursors
Authors: Che Jiuwei , Xing Dong , Hu Wenhao
Published: April 2016

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Quinoxaline Derivatives
Authors: Padvi Priyanka Asaram , Mahale Ganesh Hari , Pawar Deepali Eknath , Falak Charulata Sunil , Kendre Amol Vaijnath
Published: April 2016

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis Enabled by Light‐Irradiation of EDA Complexes: Theoretical Background and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Lima Carolina G. S. , de M. Lima Thiago , Duarte Marcelo , Jurberg Igor D. , Paixao Marcio W.
Published: April 2016

Review: 167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Negishi Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Haas Diana , Hammann Jeffrey M. , Greiner Robert , Knochel Paul
Published: April 2016

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Frontiers of N‐heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: Chen Jiean , Huang Yong
Published: April 2016

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentacyclic Triterpenoids with Nitrogen‐ and Sulfur‐Containing Heterocycles: Synthesis and Medicinal Significance
Authors: Kvasnica Miroslav , Urban Milan , Dickinson Niall J. , Sarek Jan
Published: April 2016

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Ideas for a 160 Years‐Old Reaction
Authors: Mendonca Gabriela F. , de Almeida Leonardo S. , de Mattos Marcio C. S. , Esteves Pierre M. , Ribeiro Rodrigo S.
Published: April 2016

Review: 169 refs.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Glycoconjugates Comprising N‐Acyl‐Modified Thomsen–Friedenreich Antigens as Anticancer Vaccines
Authors: Sun Shuang , Zheng Xiu‐Jing , Huo Chang‐Xin , Song Chengcheng , Li Qin , Ye Xin‐Shan
Published: April 2016

Thomsen–Friedenreich (TF) antigen is an important tumor‐associated carbohydrate antigen. Its low immunogenicity, however, limits its application in the development of anticancer vaccines. To solve this problem, several N‐acyl‐modified TF derivatives were synthesized and conjugated with carrier protein CRM197 (a mutated diphtheria toxoid cross‐reactive material). The immunological results in BALB/c mice demonstrated that these modified TF antigen conjugates could stimulate the production of higher titers of IgG antibodies that cross‐reacted with native TF antigen. These glycoconjugates showed strong lymphocyte proliferative response, suggesting that they can induce cellular immunity. Furthermore, the elicited antisera reacted strongly with TF‐positive tumor cells (4T1). In particular, the N‐monofluoroacetyl‐modified TF conjugate 4‐CRM197 showed the strongest complement‐dependent cytotoxicity effect against 4T1 cells, implying the potential of this glycoconjugate as an anticancer vaccine.
How Veterans Health Administration Suicide Prevention Coordinators Assess Suicide Risk
Authors: Pease James L. , Forster Jeri E. , Davidson Collin L. , Holliman Brooke Dorsey , Genco Emma , Brenner Lisa A.
Published: April 2016

This cross‐sectional study was designed to examine the suicide risk assessment practices of Suicide Prevention Coordinators (SPCs) within the Veterans Health Administration. Specifically, this study sought to (1) identify factors SPCs consider most important in assessing risk and patient priority; (2) measure the level of consistency and agreement between SPCs in assessing suicide risk and prioritizing cases; and (3) measure individual SPC consistency between cases. SPCs (n = 63) responded to online survey questions about imminent and prolonged risk for suicide in response to 30 fictional vignettes. Combinations of 12 acute and chronic suicide risk factors were systematically distributed throughout the 30 vignettes using the Fedorov () procedure. The SPCs were also asked to identify the level of priority for further assessment both disregarding and assuming current caseloads. Data were analysed using clinical judgement analysis. Suicidal plan, β = 1.64; 95% CI (1.45, 1.82), and preparatory behaviour, β = 1.40; 95% CI (1.23, 1.57), were considered the most important acute or imminent risk factors by the SPCs. There was less variability across clinicians in the assessment of risk when alcohol use (p = 0.02) and hopelessness (p = 0.03) were present. When considering acute or imminent risk factors, there was considerable variability between clinicians on a vignette‐by‐vignette basis, median SD = 0.86 (range = 0.47, 1.13), and within individual clinicians across vignettes, median R2 = 0.80 (0.49, 0.95). These findings provide insight into how this group of providers think about acute and chronic risk factors contributing to imminent suicide risk in Veterans. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Identifies factors that practitioners consider most important in suicide risk assessment

Discusses how to distinguish between chronic and acute risk for suicide

Identifies factors that lead to more consistent clinical judgments
In Situ Radiographic Investigation of (De)Lithiation Mechanisms in a Tin‐Electrode Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Sun Fu , Markötter Henning , Zhou Dong , Alrwashdeh Saad Sabe Sulaiman , Hilger Andre , Kardjilov Nikolay , Manke Ingo , Banhart John
Published: April 2016

The lithiation and delithiation mechanisms of multiple‐Sn particles in a customized flat radiography cell were investigated by in situ synchrotron radiography. For the first time, four (de)lithiation phenomena in a Sn‐electrode battery system are highlighted: 1) the (de)lithiation behavior varies between different Sn particles, 2) the time required to lithiate individual Sn particles is markedly different from the time needed to discharge the complete battery, 3) electrochemical deactivation of originally electrochemically active particles is reported, and 4) a change of electrochemical behavior of individual particles during cycling is found and explained by dynamic changes of (de)lithiation pathways amongst particles within the electrode. These unexpected findings fundamentaly expand the understanding of the underlying (de)lithiation mechanisms inside commercial lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and would open new design principles for high‐performance next‐generation LIBs.
A New Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)‐based Electrochemical Sensor for Monitoring Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) in the Serum
Authors: Zuo Juanjuan , Zhao Xiaoyu , Ju Xiaocui , Qiu Shue , Hu Wenshuai , Fan Ting , Zhang Juankun
Published: April 2016

A novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor for rapid determination of cardiac troponin (cTnI) was established. Since it can bind to the template molecule cTnI specifically, it can be used to detect concentration of cTnI in serum without much sample pretreatment. What's more, the electrochemical signals depend on the concentration of template molecules. The synthetic sensor possesses advantages including simplicity, high specificity, low cost of preparation, good chemical and mechanical properties, sensitive and label‐free determination. The synthetic sensor shows good dynamic linearity at concentration range from 0.05 to 5.00 nM. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.027 nM. The detection time of whole process was within 5 minutes.
PDielec: The calculation of infrared and terahertz absorption for powdered crystals
Authors: Kendrick John , Burnett Andrew D.
Published: April 2016

The Python package PDielec is described, which calculates the infrared absorption characteristics of a crystalline material supported in a non‐absorbing medium. PDielec post processes solid‐state quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical calculations of the phonons and dielectric response of the crystalline material. Using an effective medium method, the package calculates the internal electric field arising from different particle morphologies and calculates the resulting shift in absorption frequency and intensity arising from the coupling between a phonon and the internal field. The theory of the approach is described, followed by a description of the implementation within PDielec. Finally, a section providing several examples of its application is given. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Computational Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of Netrin‐1 Levels and Albuminuria in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Ay Emre , Marakoğlu Kamile , Kizmaz Muhammet , Ünlü Ali
Published: April 2016

Background

Netrin‐1 is a diagnostic biomarker that has been identified recently for chronic renal failure (CRF) in animal experiments. Netrin‐1 levels in urine have been shown to have increased significantly at the acute kidney damage. Human studies on the relation between the CRF and plasma netrin‐1 levels have not been found in the literature. This study aimed to investigate whether plasma netrin‐1 levels increased in the early stages of the CRF in diabetic patients.

Methods

Plasma samples from healthy volunteers and diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria were collected after receiving consent. Netrin‐1 in plasma was quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and the data were analyzed to determine whether plasma netrin‐1 correlates significantly with disease progression.

Result

Plasma netrin‐1 level in microalbuminuric diabetic patients was significantly higher than in normoalbuminuric diabetic patients and the control group. However, no significant difference between normoalbuminuric patients and control group was determined. Plasma netrin‐1 level was significantly associated with albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate, independently of age and sex.

Conclusion

This study supports that plasma netrin‐1 level increases significantly when glomerular damage occurs in diabetic nephropathy.
Higher Pentraxin‐3 Levels are Associated With Inflammation in Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Bulut Mesudiye , Ceri Mevlut , Unverdi Selman , Altay Mustafa , Senes Mehmet , Ecemis Zafer Aydın , Duranay Murat
Published: April 2016

Background

Circulating levels of Pentraxin‐3 (PTX3) have been shown to increase in several inflammatory conditions. However, there is no information about the levels of PTX3 in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). This study was designed to evaluate the serum PTX3 levels in patients with FMF during attack and free‐attack periods.

Methods

Twenty FMF patients in attack and free‐attack period, and 20 age‐, sex‐, and body mass index‐matched healthy controls were included in the study. Blood samples were obtained within the first 24 h of the attack period and between attacks, and levels of white blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Fibrinogen, high sensitive CRP, and PTX3 were determined.

Results

PTX3 levels during the attack period were not significantly different from those in free‐attack patients (4.9 ± 4.6 ng/ml vs. 2.8 ± 1.4 ng/ml, P > 0.05). However, both attack and free‐attack patients had significantly higher PTX3 levels than healthy controls (4.9 ± 4.6 ng/ml vs. 1.8 ± 0.8 ng/ml, P < 0.001; 2.8 ± 1.4 ng/ml vs. 1.8 ± 0.8 ng/ml, P < 0.025, respectively).

Conclusions

PTX3 levels were not markedly affected from FMF attacks, but high level of PTX3 in free‐attack period of FMF patients shows ongoing subclinical inflammation. However, further studies are needed to determine its usefulness as a marker in clinical practice.
Single Lysis‐Salting Out Method of Genomic DNA Extraction From Dried Blood Spots
Authors: Shaik Muntaj , Shivanna Devaraju Kuramkote , Kamate Mahesh , AB Vedamurthy , TP Kruthika‐Vinod
Published: April 2016

Background

Dried blood spots (DBS) are an important form of bio‐sampling and valuable approach for storing blood samples for genetic studies. This has necessitated in developing an effective protocol to isolate genomic DNA (gDNA) from DBS samples.In this study, we have elucidated a dependable and non‐hazardous “single lysis‐salting out” (SLSO) protocol of gDNA extraction from DBS and compared against the available commercial kits.

Methods

For the purpose of this study, blood spots were collected on S&S 903 filter cards from 10 healthy volunteers and 30 patients with glutaric aciduria type I (GA‐I). The gDNA was extracted from theseDBS samples by SLSO, QIAamp® gDNA Micro kit and innuPREP forensic kit methods. The quantity and quality of gDNA obtained from these methods were determined by measuring the absorbance using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer.

Results

The SLSO method showed four‐fold and eight‐fold increased yield of gDNA in healthy volunteers and patient samples, respectively, compared to commercial kits (p<0.0001). The protocol was also found to be cost efficient, reducing the per sample cost to almost half. The suitability of this method for genetic studies was confirmed by performing R402W genotyping by RFLP in GA‐I patients. The genotyping results showed the presence of R402W mutation in 20% (6/30) of patients.

Conclusion

The SLSO method was found to be inexpensive, non‐hazardous and a suitable technique for isolating gDNA from DBS samples for genetic studies.
Characterisation and classification of automotive clear coats with Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics for forensic purposes
Authors: Maric Mark , van Bronswijk Wilhelm , Pitts Kari , Lewis Simon W.
Published: April 2016

The clear coats from a collection of automotive paint samples of 139 vehicles, covering a range of Australian and international vehicle manufacturers and sold in Western Australia, were characterised using FT‐Raman spectroscopy. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 19 distinct classes that were associated with the vehicles' manufacturer and model, and in the case of Australian manufacturers, the years of manufacture. Linear discriminant analysis based on the PCA groupings gave excellent discrimination between the groups with 96.9% of the calibration set and 97.6% of the validation set being correctly classified. Although the sample set comprised only vehicles available in Australia, the methodology used is universal and hence applicable in any jurisdiction that is willing and able to generate a statistically significant data set and maintain and update it as new vehicles appear on the market. A FT‐Raman spectroscopy‐based database would rapidly provide information regarding vehicle origin and manufacture and hence generate investigative leads for questioned paint samples found at incident sites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration of correlative Raman microscopy in a dualbeam FIB SEM
Authors: Timmermans F. J. , Liszka B. , Lenferink A. T. M. , van Wolferen H. A. G. M. , Otto C.
Published: April 2016

We present an integrated confocal Raman microscope in a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB SEM). The integrated system enables correlative Raman and electron microscopic analysis combined with focused ion beam sample modification on the same sample location. This provides new opportunities, for example the combination of nanometer resolution with Raman advances the analysis of sub‐diffraction‐sized particles. Further direct Raman analysis of FIB engineered samples enables in situ investigation of sample changes. The Raman microscope is an add‐on module to the electron microscope. The optical objective is brought into the sample chamber, and the laser source, and spectrometer are placed in a module attached onto and outside the chamber. We demonstrate the integrated Raman FIB SEM function with several experiments. First, correlative Raman and electron microscopy is used for the investigation of (sub‐)micrometer‐sized crystals. Different crystals are identified with Raman, and in combination with SEM the spectral information is combined with structurally visible polymorphs and particle sizes. Analysis of sample changes made with the ion beam is performed on (1) structures milled in a silicon substrate and (2) after milling with the FIB on an organic polymer. Experiments demonstrate the new capabilities of an integrated correlative Raman–FIB–SEM. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adipose stromal cells improve healing of vocal fold scar: Morphological and functional evidences
Authors: de Bonnecaze Guillaume , Chaput Benoit , Woisard Virginie , Uro‐Coste Emmanuelle , Swider Pascal , Vergez Sebastien , Serrano Elie , Casteilla Louis , Planat‐Benard Valerie
Published: April 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Adipose derived stromal cells (ASCs) are abundant and easy to prepare. Such cells may be useful for treating severe vocal disturbance caused by acute vocal fold scars.

Study Design

Prospective animal experiments with controls.

Methods

Twenty New‐Zealand white rabbits were used in the present study. We evaluated vocal fold healing, with or without injection of autologous ASCs, after acute scarring. A defined lesion was created and the ASCs were immediately injected. Vocal fold regeneration was evaluated histomorphometrically and via viscoelastic analysis using an electrodynamic shaker.

Results

Six weeks after ASC injection, vocal folds exhibited significantly less inflammation than control folds (P < 0.005). In addition, hypertrophy of the lamina propria and fibrosis were significantly reduced upon ASC injection (P < 0.02). The decrease in viscoelastic parameters was less important in the ASC injected group compared to the noninjected group (P = 0.08).

Conclusion

Injection of autologous ASCs improved vocal fold healing in our preclinical model. Further studies are needed, but this method may be useful in humans.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 126:E278–E285, 2016
Antibiotic prescription for acute rhinosinusitis: Emergency departments versus primary care providers
Authors: Bergmark Regan W. , Sedaghat Ahmad R.
Published: April 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

We have previously identified patient characteristics associated with emergency department (ED) rather than primary‐care provider (PCP) presentation for uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis (ARS). Here we investigate potential disparities in prescription of antibiotics for patients presenting to a PCP versus ED for uncomplicated ARS.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study of the 2005 to 2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys.

Methods

A total of 37,975,715 patient presentations for uncomplicated ARS to PCPs and EDs. The primary outcome measure was prescription of an oral antibiotic, which was tested for association with clinical setting (PCP vs. ED) and clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic patient characteristics.

Results

Among adult ARS presentations, 57.0% received an antibiotic prescription from a PCP versus 59.1% in the ED. Pediatric patients also were commonly prescribed antibiotics by PCPs (52.9%) and EDs (51.4%). Compared to PCPs, EDs were not associated with antibiotic prescription for adults (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–1.50, P = 0.613) or children (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.51–1.72, P = 0.840). Among PCP visits, antibiotic prescription was more likely in the Northeast United States (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: .31–6.38, P = 0.009). No other demographic, clinical, or socioeconomic patient characteristics, including insurance status, were associated with antibiotic prescription by PCPs or EDs.

Conclusion

More than half of ARS patients presenting to PCPs and EDs are prescribed antibiotics. There was no differential antibiotic prescription for ED versus PCP presentation. ARS patients in the Northeast were more likely to receive antibiotics from PCPs, whereas no such variation was seen for EDs. Interventions targeting PCPs, especially in the Northeast, may reduce excessive antibiotic utilization.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 126:2439–2444, 2016
Effect of low frequency on speech performance with bimodal hearing in bilateral severe hearing loss
Authors: Choi Seong Jun , Lee Jong Bin , Bahng Junghwa , Lee Won Ki , Park Chan Hum , Kim Hyung‐Jong , Lee Jun Ho
Published: April 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Unilateral cochlear implantation has emerged as a widely accepted procedure to treat severe to profound hearing loss, but many studies have reported benefits in terms of speech comprehension when listeners with residual low‐frequency hearing in the nonimplanted ear use a hearing aid.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed the speech performance and satisfaction of bimodal hearing according to the residual low‐frequency hearing level in the nonimplanted ear. Based on low‐frequency pure‐tone audiometry (average of 250 Hz and 500 Hz) in the nonimplanted ear, we classified individuals into three groups as follows: group A (under 70 dB), group B (71–90 dB), and group C (over 91 dB). Listeners were tested using the Word Recognition Score, the Korea‐Central Institute for Deaf sentence recognition test, and the Korean version of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly questionnaire.

Results

We observed a bimodal benefit when the residual low‐frequency threshold was less than 70 dB HL and a greater satisfaction with bimodal hearing compared to cochlear implant alone, when the residual low‐frequency threshold was less than 70 dB HL.

Conclusions

This study supports the benefits of bimodal hearing in listeners with bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss as standard clinical practice, when the residual low‐frequency hearing threshold is under 70 dB in the nonimplanted ear.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 126:2817–2822, 2016
Temperature‐dependent phase‐segregation behavior and antifouling performance of UV‐curable methacrylated PDMS/PEG coatings
Authors: Gu Yunjiao , Zhou Shuxue , Luo Huali , Wu Limin , Gao Wei , Yang Jinlong
Published: April 2016

Controllable phase segregation adjustment for immiscible polymer blends has always been tough, which hinders the development of amphiphilic antifouling coatings from more accessible blends. Herein, methacrylated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS‐MA) was synthesized and mixed with poly(ethylene glycol)methylether methacrylate (PEG‐MA). It was interestingly discovered that these PDMS‐MA/PEG‐MA blends displayed upper critical solution temperatures (UCST) due to thermo‐induced conformational change of PEG‐MA and the UCST changed with PDMS‐MA/PEG‐MA mass ratios. Micro‐/nano‐phase segregation, nanophase segregation, or homogenous morphology were therefore achieved. These PDMS‐MA/PEG‐MA blends with different mass ratios were UV‐cured under varying temperatures to fabricate coatings. Their surface morphology and wettability are readily adjusted by phase segregation. For the first time, highly hydrophilic surface was achieved for coatings with microphase segregation because of the exposure of PEG‐rich domains, which exhibited an enhanced protein resistance against bovine serum albumin (BSA). Anti‐bacterial performance (Shewanella loihica) was also observed for these PDMS/PEG coatings. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1612–1623
Do Healthcare Professionals Comprehend Standardized Symbols Present on Medical Device Packaging?: An Important Factor in the Fight Over Label Space
Authors: Seo Do Chan , Ladoni Moslem , Brunk Eric , Becker Mark W. , Bix Laura
Published: April 2016

Objective: Evaluate the ability of healthcare providers from the US to comprehend internationally standardized symbols placed on medical device packaging. Participants: Eighty‐six healthcare providers attending the Association of Surgical Technologists (AST) Instructors' Forum (Savannah, GA February 2014), the 46th Annual AST National Conference (Denver, CO May 2014), or members of the same organization that responded to a targeted email blast. Measures: We adapted the comprehension portion of ISO 9186‐1: 2007 to test 38 standardized symbols developed for the medical device industry. Participants were asked to provide an open‐ended response regarding the meaning of each symbol. Survey responses were categorized into five levels of comprehension: correct, wrong, opposite, don't know or no response. Symbols receiving response rates of ≥85% in the correct category were considered successful. Conversely, if responses categorized as opposite were ≥5%, symbols were considered ‘critically confusing.’ Main Results: Six of 38 symbols were classified as ‘successful’; five of the six had text (in English) imbedded within. Three out of the 38 were categorized as ‘critically confusing’; they were not only misunderstood, but, in fact, interpreted to mean the opposite of what was intended by ≥5% of participants surveyed. Conclusions: Given that the medical device industry in the US has requested permission from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use stand‐alone symbols to better harmonize with EU Directives, the exploration of healthcare providers' comprehension of the same is an important and timely topic. Our work suggests that symbols commonly incorporated into the labeling of medical devices may not be readily understood at present. As such, policy decisions should be carefully considered. Limitations: Although we provided participants with a general context of use (i.e. these symbols are used on medical devices), the specific part of the hospital, or type of procedure where the symbol would be found was not noted. Further research to evaluate symbol comprehension with specific context (e.g. IVD, general procedure, etc.) is recommended.

Run order was presented consistently throughout the experiment in the same booklet. We tested whether or not this impacted results in two ways: (a) by correlating run order with mean performance to see if there was a trend through the data (toward improvement or decline) and (b) by assuming repeated measures from subjects to test if the subject response changes with time. Neither of these analyses suggested significant effects because of run order. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of Sex Differences In sIgA Response to the Trier Social Stress Test
Authors: Birkett Melissa , Johnson Lauren , Gelety Christopher
Published: April 2016

Acute stressors can activate the immune system. While many immune system diseases disproportionally affect women, sex differences in adaptive immune response to acute, psychosocial stressors remain to be investigated. The present study tested the hypothesis that female participants experience increased immune response to acute psychosocial stress relative to male participants. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was assessed before and after the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and at two time points during a recovery period in healthy male (n = 25) and female (n = 24) participants. Exposure to the TSST resulted in significantly increased sIgA that returned to baseline during a subsequent recovery period. Baseline sIgA was higher among women, however, no differences between men and women in response to or recovery from the stressor were observed in the present study. This research describes an initial investigation of sex differences in immune response to acute psychosocial stressors and demonstrates similarity in sIgA response among male and female participants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deep Oxidative Desulfurization of Thiophenic Model Oil/Natural Gas Condensate Over Tungsten/Molybdenum Oxides Using H2O2 as Oxidant
Authors: Moradi Gholam Reza , Rafiee Ezzat , Sahraei Sadegh , Jabari Amin
Published: April 2016

Supported Na2WO4/ZSM5 as catalyst was used for deep oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of mixed thiophenic compounds model oil and natural gas condensate under mild conditions by using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. A one factor at a time optimization strategy was applied for optimizing the parameters such as temperature, loading of catalysts, reaction time, type of extractant and oxidant to S‐compounds molar ratio. The corresponding products can be easily removed from the model by using MeCN as best extractant. Results showed highly catalytic activity of Na2WO4/ZSM5 for the oxidative removal of dibenzothiophene and mixed thiophenic model oil under atmospheric pressure at 75 °C in a biphasic system. By applying the ODS to mixed model/MeCN and gas condensate/MeCN, the conversion reached to 94 and 81 %, respectively, using 40 % loading Na2WO4/ZSM5 as catalysis under the optimal conditions. To investigate the oxidation and adsorption effects of gas condensate composition on ODS, effects of cyclohexene, 1,7‐octadiene, and o‐xylene were studied with different concentrations.
Anatomic Variability of the Upper Mediastinal Lymph Node Level VII
Authors: Hartl Dana M. , Breuskin Ingrid , Mirghani Haïtham , Berdelou Amandine , Déandréis Désirée , Pottier Edwige , Borget Isabelle , Schlumberger Martin , Leboulleux Sophie
Published: April 2016

Objective

Lymph node level VII, between the sternal notch and the innominate artery, is a frequent site of lymph node metastases in thyroid cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the cranial–caudal dimensions of level VII in patients undergoing central neck dissection for thyroid cancer and its accessibility through a neck incision only.

Patients and methods

Consecutive patients undergoing central neck dissection for thyroid cancer, with no previous neck dissection, mediastinal or thoracic surgery. The innominate artery was identified and the distance between the sternal notch and the upper border of the artery was measured to the nearest. 5 mm. The sizes of level VII were compared with respect to age, sex, height, body mass index, type of neck dissection (therapeutic or prophylactic), and the incidence of previous thyroidectomy.

Results

One‐hundred‐one consecutive patients (65 women, 36 men, mean age 44 years (range 15–87) underwent prophylactic (n = 55) or therapeutic (n = 46) bilateral central compartment neck dissection. Level VII was accessible via the horizontal neck incision in all cases. Sizes of level VII ranged from 6 cm above the sternal notch to 35 mm below the sternal notch, with a mean distance of 3.5 mm below the sternal notch. The innominate artery was at the level of the sternal notch in 29 patients, and cranial to the sternal notch in 20 cases. No statistical relationship with age, sex, therapeutic/prophylactic neck dissection, previous surgery, body mass index or height was found.

Conclusions

The maximal distance below the sternal notch was 35 mm. Level VII did not exist in 49 % of patients, and was less than 25 mm caudal to the sternal notch in 95 % of cases. Distinguishing level VII from level VI in thyroid cancer surgery may not be pertinent, due to the ease of access via a classic horizontal neck incision and the small sizes of level VII in the majority of patients.
Biocalcifying Bacillus subtilis cells effectively consolidate deteriorated Globigerina limestone
Authors: Micallef Roderick , Vella Daniel , Sinagra Emmanuel , Zammit Gabrielle
Published: April 2016

Microbially induced calcite precipitation occurs naturally on ancient limestone surfaces in Maltese hypogea. We exploited this phenomenon and treated deteriorated limestone with biocalcifying bacteria. The limestone was subjected to various mechanical and physical tests to present a statistically robust data set to prove that treatment was indeed effective. Bacillus subtilis conferred uniform bioconsolidation to a depth of 30 mm. Drilling resistance values were similar to those obtained for freshly quarried limestone (9 N) and increased up to 15 N. Treatment resulted in a high resistance to salt deterioration and a slow rate of water absorption. The overall percentage porosity of treated limestone varied by ±6 %, thus the pore network was preserved. We report an eco-friendly treatment that closely resembles the mineral composition of limestone and that penetrates into the porous structure without affecting the limestones’ natural properties. The treatment is of industrial relevance since it compares well with stone consolidants available commercially.
Formation and Phase Behavior of Winsor Type III Jatropha curcas‐Based Microemulsion Systems
Authors: Nordiyana M. S. W. , Khalil Munawar , Jan Badrul Mohamed , Ali Brahim Si , Tong Chong Wen
Published: April 2016

The formation and phase behavior of Jatropha curcas‐based microemulsion systems, which could potentially be used in enhanced oil recovery applications, has been investigated. Winsor type III microemulsions were obtained by adding n‐octane to Winsor type I microemulsion systems prepared using various concentrations of alkyl polyglucoside (APG). To optimize the formulation of type III microemulsion systems, five different types of co‐surfactants, i.e. normal butyl alcohol (NBA), isobutyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, fatty acid alcohol C8 (FAC8) and fatty acid alcohol C8/C10 (FAC8/C10) were used. The microemulsion phase behavior was determined along with particle size distributions by dynamic light scattering measurements. Results show that the optimum Winston type III system can be achieved by mixing 3 wt% of NBA, 1 wt% APG and 3 wt% NaCl. At the optimum formulation, the IFT reached a minimum value (0.016 mN/m) and formed very small emulsion droplets with a narrow particle size distribution.
Europe's Twenty-first Century Challenge: Climate Change, Migration and Security
Authors: Werz Michael , Hoffman Max
Published: April 2016

Most of the refugees arriving in Europe are fleeing civil war and unrest. However, it is important to recognise how the second-order effects of climate change–-which can undermine agriculture and increase competition for water and food resources–-are contributing to instability and decisions to migrate. While migratory decisions are complex, climate change is an increasingly important contributing factor: it is threatening humanity's shared interests and collective security in many parts of the world. The cumulative effects of these trends have serious implications for the stability of nations that lack sufficient resources, good governance and the resilience to respond. While there is a need for greater understanding of the detailed causes of migration, as well as the associated economic and political instability, a growing body of evidence links climate change, migration and conflict in troubling ways.
Regional Security in Asia: Japan's Strategy for Stability and the Role of Europe
Authors: Ishii Masafumi
Published: April 2016

In Asia the rise of both China and India is becoming a reality. Their growth is of an unprecedented scale. While the US continues to be the only superpower, it needs the help of like-minded countries to deal with international challenges. Beyond 2030, the G3–-the US, China and India as the pillars of a tri-polar world–-may become a reality. In order to cope with changes of this magnitude, increased cooperation between the US, Europe and democracies in Asia is essential. To be successful in adopting this new strategic landscape, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between Europe and democracies in Asia. In this regard, rule-making is the key area for success. Japan is contributing to these efforts by applying a comprehensive engagement policy towards China while strengthening its alliance with the US. Establishing strategic ties with India is also important. Japan and Europe can do much to help achieve stability. After all, Japan needs a strong and engaging Europe, just as Europe needs a strong and active Japan.