bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CÁC YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN CẦU NHẬP KHẨU THỦY SẢN CỦA NHẬT BẢN TỪ THỊ TRƯỜNG VIỆT NAM
Authors: Mai Tu Thi Cam
Published: February 2019

Japan was the largest aquaculture importer during the period of 1980-2012 and the second largest in 2013 (after the United States) with an import volume of 15.3 billion USD, accounting for about 12% total world’s import volume. Japan has always been an important market to aquaculture exporters, especially Asian countries including Vietnam. The research and evaluation of factors affecting Japan’s import demand for Vietnamese aquaculture is of importance. This helps to forecast the import demand for Vietnamese aquaculture of Japan, thereby enhancing the activeness of Vietnam in the provision of aquaculture source of supply to better meet Japan’s demand and increasing the foreign currency flow. This research is confined in two products, namely shrimp and fish. Using secondary data from 1988 to 2013, the author utilized Engle – Granger cointegration approach to measure the long-term relationship and error correction model (ECM) to measure the short-term relationship between variables. Results indicate that factors affecting Japan’s aquaculture demand for Vietnamese shrimp and fish are different. In particular, factors determining the import demand for fish are fishing volume of Japan, the ratio of Vietnamese fish’s export price to Japan to that of Vietnam’s competitors and the real JPY/VND exchange rate. On the other hand, factors influencing the import demand for shrimp are Japan’s shrimp production volume, the real JPY/VND exchange rate and the Vietnam – Japan Economic Partnership Agreement.
Investigating the expression of GFP fused with HIS-TAG at N- or Cterminus using plasmid pHT253 and pHT254 in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Nguyen Nam Hoai , Phan Trang Thi Phuong , Tran Thuoc Linh , Nguyen Hoang Duc
Published: February 2019

pHT253 and pHT254 belong to the plasmid system carrying Pgrac100, a strong promoter, which were commercialized in the global market in 2012 have pushed forward the use of Bacillus subtilis as host for the production of recombinant proteins. Along with strong promoter Pgrac100, these two plasmids were added His-tag to before and after MCS (Multi Cloning Site) in pHT253 (Pgrac100-8xHis-MCS) and pHT254 (Pgrac100- MCS-8xHis), respectively, to facilitate purification steps. Depending on the farget protein, the user selects appropriate effective strategy of fusing His-tag, i.e. either into the N- or the C-temimal of protein. In this study, the GFP gene was used as an indicator gene to investigate the influence of the His-tag position on the protein expression in B. subtilis. Our results showed that the expression of GFP in B. subtilis significantly was reduced in the fusion form with His-tag at the N-terminal. Thiswouldbe important information for the selection of suitable vectors.
Optimal probe concentration for the hybridization in the basedelectrochemical biosensor gold nanowire
Authors: Cao Tien Huu , Nguyen Thien Quang , Ha Linh Van , Le Hieu Van , Le Hung Van Manh
Published: February 2019

The immobilisation of DNA probe on gold electrode surface with the optimal concentration is very important to develop of the DNA biosensors. In this study, we conducted an experiment that determined the optimal concentration of the probe attached the electrodes for the maximum hybridization efficiency. We have used a method that control the surface density of DNA probe by annealing probe modified by thiol and mercaptohexanol. Based on the linear relationship between the mol ratio and density probe, we control probe concentration in the sensor fabricating process as well as the molecular density of DNA probes on the electrode surface. The result of probe concentration 500 nM is optimal for hybidization with DNA target.
Application of the collective model to determine the rotational bands and vibrational bands of 152Sm 152Gd nucleus
Authors: Nguyen Son An , Dang Lanh , Ho Thang Huu
Published: February 2019

The research nuclear reactions is necessary to identify the specific characteristics of nucleus, It is the most effective experimental method up to now. However, in order to explain the properties of nuclear structures, in addition to the study of the nuclear reactions, nuclear structure models to explain experimental data and its theory must be used. There are many nuclear structure models to solve those properties of nucleus. This paper presents a collective model application to identify some of rotational bands and vibrational bands of 152Sm and 152Gd nucleus which have the decayed beta of 152Eu source.
Screening mutations in miRNA196a2 and miRNA148a in Vietnamese breat cancer patients
Authors: Nguyen Thach Thi Ngoc , Hoang Hai Thanh , Nguyen Hue Thi
Published: February 2019

Breast cancer, affecting women mostly, is the second common cancer in the world. Previous studies showed that miRNAs played a role in the regulation of signal transduction pathways in many different stages of cancer. The SNPs that occur on miRNA can have broad impact in cancer by many different ways. It was found that SNP rs11614913 C>T in miR-196a2 related to breast cancer risk in Asia. In addition, the association between SNP rs6977848 T> G in miR-148a and breast cancer have early proven on the Australian. In this study, a combination of Tetra-Arms-PCR and PCR product melting analysis,was used to screen for the presence of the allele of rs11614913 and rs6977848 in Vietnamese breast cancer patients. The results showed that the frequency of C and T allele ofrs11614913 were 58.96 % and 41.04 % respectively; the frequency of T and G allele of rs6977848 were 99 % and 1 %, respectively. Based on the genotype frequencies in the HapMap, rs11614913 is predicted to be associated with breast cancer while rs6977848 is probably not related to breast cancer in Vietnam due to a highly dominant frequency of only one type allele. However, there is still need for further research on a larger sample size to confirm the association between the two SNPs with breast cancer in Vietnam.
Fabrication of titanium nitride thin films by DC magnetron sputtering on different types of subtrates for coating applications
Authors: Vo Thuong Tran Tuyet , Dao Tuan Anh , Cu Hang Thi Thu , Le Hung Vu Tuan
Published: February 2019

Titanium nitride thin films (TiN) are fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering on different types of substrates such as glass substrates, PET substrates, substrate alloy (AISI 304) and drill steel. In this work we study the effect of distance target - substrate, sputtering time and negative voltage to the crystal structure, mechanical properties and optical films. The properties of thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction method Stylus, UV – Vis method and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the distance target - substrate, sputtering time and negative voltage affects the crystalline structure, mechanical properties and optical films. TiN films have been synthesized highly crystalline structure, crystal structure of thin films oriented along the the surface lattice (111), (200) and (311). Besides TiN thin films also have high reflectance in the visible and infrared range, good adhesion, high chemical durability.
Production of endoglucanase A of Clostridium thermocellum in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Pham Thang Luong , Phan Trang Thi Phuong , Tran Thuoc Linh , Nguyen Hoang Duc
Published: February 2019

Endoglucanase A (CelA) is a component of thermostable complex - cellulosome which is produced by anaerobic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum. In this complex, CelA has the highest catalytic activity and it can cleave randomly β-1,4 glucosidic linkage of cellulose to smaller oligosaccharides. Bacillus subtilis a Gram positive and aerobic fast growth bacterium, is commonly used to produce industrial enzymes. This bacterium can be used to replace the anaerobic slow growth bacterium, C. thermocellum, to produce CelA. To create B. subtilis strains which can secret recombinant CelA enzyme, celA gene was amplified using C. thermocellum DNA genome by PCR and inserted in the C-terminus of signal peptide of amyQ (samyQ) in plasmid pHT43. The plasmid pHT43-celA was then transformed into B. subtilis 1012 and WB800N, an extracellular protease deficiency strain. Next, CelA production was induced by IPTG at different concentrations. Cultural supernatant was collected from 2 to 24 hours after addition of IPTG. The expression levels were evaluated by SDS-PAGE and endo-β-1,4- glucanase activity. This report demonstrates that CelA can be expressed in B. subtilis and its potentials for development of bacterial strains which can produce CelA to hydrolyze cellulose in the future.
MEDICAL ETHICS: AYURVEDIC VIEW POINT IN PURVIEW OF CHARAK SAMHITA
Authors: Sharma Dr Nidhi
Published: February 2019

Ethics are the methods, policies, perspectives which decide a set of guidelines to act in a particular situation and for analyzing complex problem courses. The medical profession is governed by legislation and by code of ethics and etiquette. The ethical code in medicine has found their place from the very beginning. Ayurveda is the most ancient medical science. Charak Samhita is the one of the ancient authentic treatise of Ayurveda medicine. The code of ethics has been described on various places in the aforesaid text. The significance of ethical codes have increases manifold with the advent of time considering the shift of focus from serving mankind to financial benefits. The present paper deals with the review of medical ethics in Charak Samhita and analysis of their contemporary relevance.

Key words: Ayurveda, Ethics, Charak Samhita
A Review on Various Payment and Billing Techniques
Authors: Aswar Alka D. , Chhipane Diksha M. , Sontakke Dipali C. , Onkar Pallavi P. , Helonde Snehal S. , Sonekar S. V.
Published: February 2019

Organizations have been compelled to change the manner in which they lead business to react to the ongoing changes occurring both at the worldwide, provincial and at the national dimension. The motivation behind this examination was to explore through an overview the electronic billing and payment framework. The premise of the issue in regards to electronic billing and payment framework that the exploration examine planned to investigate was talked about dependent on two research destinations; to set up the advantages acknowledged with the dispatch electronic billing and payment, and to survey difficulties in the execution of electronic billing and payment.
Exam Phobia and Gender - A Case Study on Government High School Students, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Podila Sankara Pitchaiah , Sultana Nazia
Published: February 2019

Phobias are common in human life. Exam phobia is the most common phobia among the school students. The present study was carried out to know the level of the exam phobia among 8th to 10th Government high school students in. The response was taken from 2981 students (Male: 1589. Female: 1392). The study found that out of the total male students, 38.45% students expressed the phobia. In the case of female it is 45.26. Researchers reported that phobia of examination affects the academic performance of the students in the examination and they could not perform according to their knowledge due to a phobia of examination as they forget the answers to some questions during examination due to nervousness and a phobia of examination. Homeopathy, Exposure based therapy, Cognitive therapy and Relaxation techniques are some of the useful treatment methods. The authors suggested to follow the exam preparation tips to reduce exam phobia.
Enhanced Classification of Incomplete Pattern Using Fuzzy Systems
Authors: Deshmukh Yogita , Khawshi Pallavi , Shinde Priyanka , Charpe Ruchita , Bopche Rupali , Lonkar Mugdha , Gaikwad Vinay
Published: February 2019

More often than not values are absent in database, which ought to be managed. Missing qualities are occurred in light of the way that, the data segment individual did not know the right regard or frustration of sensors or leave the space cleanse. The course of action of missing regarded lacking case is a trying errand in machine learning approach. Divided data is not proper for classification handle. Exactly when insufficient cases are masterminded using prototype values, the last class for comparable illustrations may have distinctive results that are variable yields. We can't describe specific class for specific cases. The structure makes a wrong result which also realizes contrasting effects. So, to oversee such kind of lacking data, system executes prototype-based credal classification (PCC) strategy. The PCC procedure is intertwined with Hierarchical clustering and evidential reasoning methodology to give correct, time and memory profitable outcomes. This procedure readies the examples and perceives the class prototype. This will be useful for recognizing the missing qualities. By then in the wake of getting each and every missing worth, credal procedure is use for classification. The trial occurs exhibit that the enhanced type of PCC performs better similar to time and memory viability.
Pergeseran Penerjemahan Tarkib Idafi dalam Terjemehan Novel Karya Najib Kailani “Layali Turkistan”
Authors: Choironi Merry
Published: February 2019

There frequently un-correspondences of word level, word unit, structure, and intra system in translation activities between those of the source language and those of the target language. This so-called shift of translation may also occur on the level of meaning, be it to the more specific meaning, to the more general meaning, or simply as the result of different nature between two languages. This phenomenon was also found by the researchers in the novel entitled “Para MujahidCinta” whichis the translated version from the Arabic of one of the most Egyptians best novelist Najīb Kīlānī, entitled Layālī Turkistān. The results of the research show that the translator, Shocheh Muhammad, employed such shift in his translation particularly in regards with the tarkīb iḍāfī, composite words with a solid meaning, to become reduced-adjective clause, reduced-adverb clause, or etcetera. Such changes in translation affirm that shifts may occur, not only by the need to deliver the meaning or message, but also –in a wider context- by the fact of different characteristics of languages. This is, to some extent, nothing to do with correspondence between two languages which is the basis of translation theories.
Majaz dalam Novel al-Ajnihah al-Mutakassirah (Sayap-sayap Patah) Karya Khalil Gibran
Authors: Nursida Ida
Published: February 2019

Karya sastra merupakan produk masyarakat dalam bidang kebudayaan. Sastra merupakan saksi budaya yang dapat terus dikembangkan. Kehadiran sastra di tengah perkembangan teknologi merupakan tantangan besar, di mana sastra harus dapat memberi jalan inspirasi buat kehidupan yang nyata. Sastra harus dapat memberi jalan lurus bagi kemanusiaaan. Selain itu, sastra pun dapat memberi jalan bagi manusia untuk memperoleh konsep kehidupan karena sastra memberi dan menyodorkan karya yang bernilai yang tidak sedikit mengandung makna kebenaran. Tokoh Penyair Cinta dan Novelis asal Libanon, Khalil Gibran melahirkan banyak karya yang  menorehkan banyak inspirasi begitu indah bagi para pembacanya di seluruh belahan dunia. Bahasa nya yang indah dan pilihan diksi yag kuat pada novel dan puisinya benyak diteliti oleh peminat sastra, salah satunya novel al-Ajihah al-Mutakassiroh, yang di dalam nya terdapat banyak bahasa-bahasa bersayap yang dapat ditelisik secara semiotik dan  bahasa figurative atau majaz isti’arah dalam pendekatan Stilistika Balaghiyah.
UNESCO World Heritage and Kosovo Towards a Tentative List for Kosovo
Authors: Jaeger Klein Caroline
Published: February 2019

In 2015, Kosovo tried to join UNESCO and failed by three quotes. Is Kosovo ready for its UNESCO membership? At least for its national architectural heritage, this question is to answer with no. The intensively discussed issue of the medieval monuments of Kosovo inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage by Serbia and Montenegro before the declaration of independency in 2008 and their further management through Kosovo is just one aspect. More troubling is that the rather young state not yet could establish sufficient structures to gain a systematic inventory of its monuments, sites and historic ensembles, nor to extract a tentative list for UNESCO out of such an encompassing inventory.

This article intends to clarify the definitions of World Heritage, the institutions and NGO’s involved, the mechanisms and philosophies behind. What is the urgent homework for Kosovo? Which national and international groups of experts Kosovo has to name and make responsible for the systemic inventory of its architectural heritage and for creating a tentative list? What is the role and importance of ICOMOS in that process? Which other stakeholders have to be Identified and educated towards that issue?

Based on such general considerations the author tries to design finally a preliminary tentative list for the architectural heritage of Kosovo. Hence, not the list itself is of importance but the discussion of the pro and contra arguments for single candidates.
Why Modeling Complex Dynamic Systems using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps?
Authors: Groumpos Peter
Published: February 2019

The difficult problem of modeling Complex Dynamic Systems (CDS) is carefully reviewed. Main characteristics of CDS are considered and analyzed. Today’s mathematical models and approaches cannot provide satisfactory answers to the challenging problems of the society. The key problem of complex dynamic systems and control theory consists in the development of methods of qualitative analysis of the dynamics and behavior of such systems and in the construction of efficient control algorithms for their efficient operation. The purpose of control to bring the system to a point of its phase space which corresponds to maximal or minimal value of the chosen efficiency criterion is reviewed and analyzed. The reasons for using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) in modeling Complex dynamic Systems are provided. The basics of FCMs are briefly presented. An illustrative example is considered and interesting results are presented and discussed.
Underground houses - systematic approach toward underground construction of living space
Authors: Beqiri Lulzim , Rexhepi Zejnulla , Sylejmani Mimoza , Sinani Besian
Published: February 2019

The urgent need for energy consumption reduction and trends of global warming leads toward exploring possibilities to “hide” living space from explosion to climate changes as a result of global warming. This paper aims to present benefits of underground houses, underground living space. Housing is elementary process of mankind life that was performed from the existence of life in different forms, shapes, levels and social developments. House, as one used to get protected by phenomena of the nature, historically used in different shapes, levels and materials, created mentality that one percept as protective, and isolated space, for life activities. This paper treat possibilities, and priorities, of underground housing and construction of underground house in current development of technology, climate development impact, current development of mentality of society and approach of society toward energy efficiency, as underground house is one of the contribution. Paper as well analyze applicable standards and current legislation in Kosova for underground construction and housing.
الشورى السياسية واستطلاعات الرأي العام
Authors: طوينة علي حسين
Published: February 2019

تزداد أهمية أستطلاعات الرأي العام باضطراد .... ولاسيما في الحملات الأنتخابية ، يسلط البحث الضوء على جانب من الأنتخابات الأمريكية في مدد زمنية مختلفة ، ويستشهد بأقوال الخبراء والمعنيين في ذلك، ويستعرض البحث التطور الكبير الذي حصل في أستطلاعات الرأي وما يمكن أن يحدث لهذا العمل المهم في المستقبل .

عرض البحث لأنواع معينة من أستطلاعات الرأي ، وقسمها على وفق ما جاء به الخبراء في الولايات المتحدة 

. وهذا التقسيم يبين أن الأستطلاعات من أكثر العمليات السياسية والأعلامية دقة ، وأن هناك أموالأً تبذل وشركات متخصصة في أقامة هذا النوع من قياس الرأي العام .

فما عاد أتخاذ القرار بالأشتراك بالأنتخابات مثلاً أو بأعداد خطة لقيادة البلاد بالأمر السهل أو المستعجل ، لابد من اللجوء الى الشركات ، وهي شركات كبرى عادةً، تقيس حقيقة ما يريده الرأي العام ، لكن مثل هذا القياس ليس مضموناً دائماً ..... فالناخب مثلاً قد يغير قراره من مدة لأخرى أو قد لايدلي برأيه الحقيقي، لأسباب مختلفة . وأن هذا التقلب في الآراء ، يعد مشكلة للذين يريدون التوصل الى الدقة العلمية في قياس الرأي العام .

لقد ظهرت الأستطلاعات العلمية في عام 1960 كاختصاص استشاري خطير، يستفيد منه المرشحون على كل المستويات .

أن الأستطلاعات المعاصرة مبنية على مبدأ العينة العشوائية ، أن عينة عشوائية جيدة بأمكانها أعطاء الفرصة لكل فرد ، من الجماعة ، أن يكون ممثلاً فيها بشكلٍ متساوٍ(.....) ومن أجل تحقيق هامش الخطأ، ينبغي أن نزيد حجم العينة، ولكننا عندما نزيد حجم العينة ستزيد الكلفة . فاذاً نحن زدنا حجم العينة وجعلناها مكونة من ألفي شخص ، فأننا نكون قد زدنا تكاليف الحملة بشكلٍ كبير وخفضنا هامش الخطأ بمقدار 1%.

أخيراً نشير الى العلاقة بين مستشاري الأستطلاع والجهات التي تكلفهم بالعمل لصالحها، إن المهنية تقتضي من المستشار أن يعمل لصالح جهة سياسية معينة ، ولا يمكن أن يعمل بارتياح مع حزبين باتجاهين مختلفين ، إنهم لايعملون من أجل لقمة العيش فقط ، وأنما هم يريدون أنتخاب اولئك الذين يشاركون في الأتجاه نفسه.

يقول مستطلع الرأي (آلان سكريست ) إن استطلاعات الرأي العام هي أفضل مجال يمكن أن تستثمر فيه الموارد المحدودة للحملة الانتخابية .... في الحملات المعاصرة تقدم لنا الاستطلاعات تغذية مرتدة تختلف عن تلك التي نحصل عليها كردود على الرسائل التي نبثها اذ ان التغذية المرتدة التي نحصل عليها من الاستطلاعات اذا ما خططت ونفذت بشكل جيد أن تزودنا بمعلومات دقيقة يمكن اعتمادها في اتخاذ قرارات جريئة تؤثر تأثيراً كبيراً على الحملة(1) ولهذا السبب يرى مستطلع الرأي ( فرانك لوتس) أن الاستطلاعات امر لامفر منه وحاجة لا غنى عنها في الحملات السياسية الحديثة (2).
دور القنوات الفضائيه الإماراتيه في التغير الاجتماعي لدى الجمهور في دولة الامارات
Authors: آل علي فوزية عبد الله
Published: February 2019

أدى التطور فى تكنولوجيا الاتصال الى ظهور العديد من الوسائط والخدمات التي سهلت الحصول على المعلومات من مصادرها بشكل سريع متحدية قيود المسافة والزمن, وخاصة مع انتشار القنوات التلفزيونية الفضائية،حيث شهدت السنوات الماضية انفتاحا إعلاميًا متزايدًا ونموًا هائلاً فى عالم القنوات التلفزيونية القادمة عبر الأقمار الصناعية.

تهتم هذه الدراسة في محاولة التعرف على مدى اسهام البرامج الاجتماعية التي تبثها القنوات الفضائيه الاماراتيه  في احداث التغير الاجتماعي لدي الشباب في المجتمع الاماراتي ,ومعرفة مدى تاثير تلك البرامج في احداث التغيير من خلال ما تقدمه لتلك الفئه من المجتمع سلبا وإيجابا .و لفهم ما حدث من تغييرات شامله والإفادة من دروس التغيير لإحداث تغييرات أوسع تخدم قضايا التنمية والتطور في المجتمع الاماراتي. فضلا تزويد المسؤلين في تلك القنوات بمعلومات تفيدهم في اختيار نوعية البرامج التي تقدم للجمهور في الوقت الحالي ولجذب القاعدة العريضة من الجمهور للإقبال عليها والاستفادة منها

وفي السنوات الأخيرة أصبح المشاهد الإماراتي و العربي هدفًا لهذه القنوات تسعى كل منها لجذبه إلى شاشتها بالأساليب المختلفة. وتتباين هذه القنوات في التزامها بالمعايير الإعلامية والمهنية والأخلاقية والمجتمعية، وفقًا لعوامل كثيرة، مما يؤثر على طبيعة المحتوى التي تبثه، وعلى نوعية القيم التي تحاول تقلها بيد أنه لا يعرف الكثير عن تصورات واتجاهات الجمهور إزاء دور تلك القنوات  ألقنوات وإلى أي مدى تتباين رؤي هذا الجمهور تجاه هذه القنوات وفقًا لمتغيرات عديدة وعلى الأخص متغير التخصص أو طبيعة العمل  الجمهور.وتفترض الباحثة أن القنوات الفضائية الإماراتية تعمل وفق معايير وأساليب مهنيّة واضحة ساهمت في تجويد وتطوير أدائها ،وتهتم الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة دور ا لقنوات الفضائية الإماراتية في التغير  الاجتماعية والثقافي للتعرف على ممارساتهما ومدى التزامها بالقواعد المهنية الأخلاقية ومدى قيامها برسالتها الإعلامية من وجهة نظر الجمهور. وتزويد المسؤلين على هذه القنوات بقاعدة من المعلومات  تيدهم في تقييم تلك القنوات وتحسين ادائها .
Professor Dr Abul Khair Muhammad Siddiq
Authors: Ali M Shamsher
Published: February 2019

Abstract not available

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 2018
Exploration of Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Diarrheal, Gastrointestinal Motility and Acute Toxicity of Different Extracts of Citrus Assamensis Leaf
Authors: Shahriar Mohammad , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed , Rana Md Sohel
Published: February 2019

Citrus assamensis (Family: Rutaceae), commonly known as Satkara, is a pharmacologically diverse medicinal plant. In the present study, the leaf extracts of C. assamensis were subjected to evaluate in vitro anti-diabetic as well as in vivo anti-diarrheal, gastrointestinal motility and acute toxicity activity on Swiss albino mice by using standard protocol. Ethanol and chloroform extracts showed significant inhibitory potentials (**p<0.01) against in vitro α-amylase enzyme at the concentration of 80μg/mL. Significant (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001) reduction in the number of wet feces and percentage inhibition of diarrheal activity over three hours was observed with all the test doses of the extract compared with the vehicle treated group. Both doses of methanol and ethanol extracts (*p<0.05) and chloroform extract at doses of 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of wet feces compared to the control. None of the extracts showed any significant in vivo acute toxicity effect on mice.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 111-120, 2018
In Vitro Screening of Fungicides and Plant Extracts Against Pathogenic	Fungi Associated With Infected Fruits of Carica Papaya L
Authors: Helal M Rezuana Binte , Shamsi Shamim
Published: February 2019

Five fungicides viz., Autostin 50 WDG, Dithane M 45, Greengel 72 WP, Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG   and Tilt 250 EC exclusively were tested against three pathogenic fungi viz., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Ces. and Fusarium sp. associated with Carica papaya L. following poisoned food technique. At 100 ppm  Autostin showed complete growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides, F. nivale and Fusarium sp., while  Tilt 250 EC showed complete growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides at the same concentration. These fungicides at 400 and 500 ppm showed complete growth inhibition of F. nivale. Tilt 250 EC showed complete growth inhibition of Fusarium sp. at 300, 400 and 500 ppm. Eight plants extract, viz., Adhatoda vasica, Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, Lantana camara, Tagetes erecta, Thuja orientalis and Vitex negundo were also tested for their  efficacy at 5, 10, 15 and 20% concentrations against these pathogenic fungi. Out of the eight plant extracts, Ocimum sanctum showed highest (88.57%) radial growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides at 20% concentration. Curcuma longa showed highest (88.55%) radial growth inhibition of F. nivale and Adhatoda vesica showed highest (80.02%) radial growth inhibition of Fusarium sp. at the same concentrations. The present investigation suggests Autostin 50 WDG and Tilt 250 EC as best inhibiting chemical fungicides for C. gloeosporioides, F. nivale and Fusarium sp. Extracts of O. sanctum, C. longa and Adhatoda vesica were found to be superior to other plant extracts tested.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 121-128, 2018
Phenolic Content Analysis And Evaluation of Antinociceptive, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Alternanthera Pungens Kunth
Authors: Hossain Md Selim , Rana Md Sohel , Islam Rajibul , Islam AFM Mahmudul
Published: February 2019

The present study evaluated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Alternanthera pungens kunth.The ethanolic extract of Alternanthera pungens (EAP) showed analgesic effects by exerting ameliorated reaction time 40.79% and 44.74% at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg,respectively, whereas standard was 41.78%  by the hot plate test. Results of writhing inhibition were statistically significant (p <0.05) when compared to control. In addition to that, anti-inflammatory effects were also evaluated against denaturation of protein and the result was significant. Scavenging activity of EAP was 80.95% at the concentration of 800µg/mL. Moreover, HPLC-DAD analysis of EAP was also carried out to determine the presence of phenolic constituents & noted the presence of  epicatechin,vanillin, p-coumaric acid etc. These studies inferred that EAP possesses analgesic, anti- inflammatory and antioxidant potential which might be due to presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 129-136, 2018
Identification and Antibiogram Studies of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated From Drinking Water (Unpackaged) In Chittagong City, Bangladesh
Authors: Maesha Afra Nawer , Marzan Lolo Wal , Akter Yasmin
Published: February 2019

Drinking water (unpackaged) samples were collected from twenty roadside shops of different locations in Chittagong metropolitan area, where physicochemical parameters (pH, TDS, temperature) were not exceeded WHO prescribed range in most cases. TVC, TCC, TFCC, TSC, Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp. were found  contaminated as 85%, 70%, 50%, 20%, 30% and 75%, respectively. All the bacterial isolates (n=43) were found positive for 16S rDNA gene, while 12 isolates were coliform positive identified by lacZ gene amplification. Nine bacterial genera were finally identified depending on biochemical characteristics and two of them were further confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae and Vibrio cholerae were resistant to amoxicillin, where all the bacterial isolates exhibited sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenam and levofloxacin. Presence of human pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria in unpackaged drinking water, suggested for increasing regular monitoring and public awareness to ensure public health safety

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 137-153, 2018
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 4-Oxo-Thiazolidines and 5-Arylidene	Derivatives of 2-Amino-5-Ethyl-1,3,4-Thiadiazole
Authors: Makwane Sunil , Srivastava SD , Dua Rajiv , Srivastava SK
Published: February 2019

A new series of 5-benzylidene-3-(5-ethyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-thiazolidin-4-ones (3a-3m) were synthesized. The reaction of thioglycolic acid with benzylidene-(5-ethyl-[1,3,4] thiadiazol-2-yl)-amine 1a in the presence of anhydrous ZnCl2 afforded the new heterocyclic compounds 5-benzylidene-3-(5-ethyl-[1,3,4] thiadiazole-yl)-2-phenyl-thiazolidin-4-one, 2a. The latter product on treatment with several selected substituted aromatic aldehydes in the presence of sodium ethoxide underwent the Knoevenagel reaction to yield 5-benzylidene-3-(5-ethyl-[1,3,4] thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-thiazolidin-4-ones, 3a-3m. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy and by chemical analysis. All the above compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against some selected bacteria and fungi such as E. coli, B. Subtilis, and S. Typhi bacteria and A.niger, A. Flavus and F. oxisporium Fungi.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 155-170, 2018
Effect of Dopant Concentrations on Magnetic States of Ti, Mn, And Ni Doped Iii-V Zincblende Compounds
Authors: Shahjahan M , Khan T , Rahman MM
Published: February 2019

The effect of Ti, Mn, and Ni dopants concentration on various magnetic states of III-V zincblende compounds (Al1-xTx)M  is presented by calculation of multiple scattering theory based on Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA), where T denotes Ti, Mn, and Ni  atoms and M represents As and P atoms.  The calculations reveal the phase changes in various magnetic states, which are solely controlled by dopant concentrations. The turning points of these behaviors are reported, which are responsible for the change of stable ferromagnetic (FM) state to unstable disordered local moment (DLM) state. The Curie temperature, magnetic moments, and density of states at different concentrations of the dopants are calculated and explain the concurrency with magnetic phase stability.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 177-182, 2018
Measurement of Radioactivity And Assessment of Radiological Hazard of Tea Samples Collected From Local Market In Bangladesh
Authors: Aktar Mst Najnin , Das Suranjan Kumar , Yeasmin Selina , Siraz MM Mahfuz , Rahman AFM Mizanur
Published: February 2019

The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides and radiological hazard indices in eleven tea samples collected from local market in Bangladesh have been analyzed by using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) Detector. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in tea samples have been found to be 21.21±14.04, 32.43±7.48 and 93.47 ± 43.94 Bqkg-1 respectively. The calculated absorbed dose rates due to these radioactive nuclides in tea samples have been found to vary from 26.24 nGyh-1 to 37.95 nGyh-1 and average value was 33.28 nGyh-1. The estimated outdoor annual effective dose rates varied from 38.64  µSvy-1 to 55.89 µSvy-1 with the mean value of 49.02 µSvy-1 which is less than the world average value of 1000 µSvy-1. The values of radium equivalent activity in all samples are less than the permissible maximum value of the radium equivalent activity which is 370 Bqkg-1 according to UNSCEAR 2000 report. The values of external and internal hazard indices for different samples varied from 0.16 to 0.23 with the average value of 0.20 and from 0.21 to 0.29 with an average of 0.26. The value of this index must be less than unity in order to keep the radiation hazard insignificant. It was also found that there is no artificial radionuclide (for example 137Cs) in any of the samples. The data generated in this study will provide baseline radiometric values for natural and artificial radioactivity in tea samples in Bangladesh.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 171-176, 2018
Measurement of Feedback Reactivity Effects of the Baec Triga Reactor
Authors: Hossain Md Al Amin , Soner Md Abdul Malek , Salam Md Abdus , Huq Md Fazlul , Sohel Md Shamsul Huda
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study is to measure the feedback reactivity effects of the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC) TRIGA Research Reactor (BTRR). Using digital instrumentation and control (I&C) system, feedback parameters such as reactivity coefficients of fuel, moderator and power effects are measured. At 300 kW reactor power, the obtained results for fuel temperature coefficient are 0.664 ꬿ/0c  and 0.765 ꬿ/0c  at C1 and D3 core positions respectively. The results for 100 kW to 400 kW reactor power show its increasing nature as the reactor power increases. The measured value of the moderator temperature coefficient is found to be 0.419 ꬿ/0c  at 500 kW reactor power. The power coefficient of reactivity is measured for several power ranges from 50 kW to 2.5 MW and the average value is found to be 0.0757 ꬿ/kw. The measured values of the reactivity coefficients are found to be in a good agreement with the GA Safety Analysis Report (SAR) provided for BTRR.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 183-190, 2018
On a Recurrence Relation Related to The Reve’s Puzzle
Authors: Majumdar AAK
Published: February 2019

The 4-peg Tower of Hanoi problem, commonly known as the Reve’s puzzle, is well-known. Motivated by the optimality equation satisfied by the optimal value function M(n) satisfied in case of the Reve’s puzzle, (Matsuura et al. 2008) posed the following generalized recurrence relation

T(n, a) = min {aT(n-t, a)+S(t,3)}

            1≤ t ≤ n

where n ≥ 1 and a ≥ 2 are integers, and S(t, 3) = 2t – 1 is the solution of the 3-peg Tower of Hanoi problem with t discs. Some local-value relationships are satisfied by T(n, a) (Majumdar et al. 2016). This paper studies the properties of  T(n+1, a) – T(n, a) more closely for the case when a is an integer not of the form 2i for any integer i ≥ 2.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 191-199, 2018
Fuzzy Normal Topological Space in Quasi-Coincidence Sense
Authors: Miah Saikh  Shahj Ahan , Amin Ruhul , Rana Sohel
Published: February 2019

Three notions of normal property in fuzzy topological spaces using quasi-coincidence sense are introduced in this paper  and relationship among these and other such notions are established. It is also shown that all these notions satisfy ‘good extension’ property. It is observed that the notions are preserved under one-one, onto, fuzzy open, fuzzy closed and fuzzy continuous mappings.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 201-205, 2018
Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals Concentration In Different Brands of Fish Feed Available In Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Biraj , Mottalib Md Abdul , Razee ANM Al
Published: February 2019

The paper reports the findings on the concentrations of  heavy metals in ten different fish feed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The level of heavy metal concentrations (dry weight) in the fish feed ranged from 1.17 to 2.0, 2.33 to 4.67, 5.17 to 21.67, 106.67 to 363.3, 3.5 to 7.16, 3.83 to 21.2, 56.7 to 141.6 and 2.1 to 16.49 mg/kg of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr respectively. The concentrations of Fe, Pb, Co, Cr in different brands of fish feed exceeded the maximum permissible limits recommended by FAO/WHO and EU whereas the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn were within acceptable limits.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 207-210, 2018
Foliar Application of Di-Ammonium Phosphate and Triple Super Phosphate on Lentil at Drought Prone Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mohammed Belal , Roy Snigdha , Alam ABM Shafiul
Published: February 2019

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application of DAP and TSP on yield and yield attributing characters of lentil. Foliar application of DAP and TSP was performed at flowering and pod formation stages of lentil. Results revealed that maximum fresh weight of plant, nodule number and dry weight of nodule were recorded in F2 treatment at 50% flowering stage of lentil. F1 treatment produced higher branch plant-1 (2.66), pod plant-1(106.47) and seed yield (0.72 t ha-1) of lentil. DAP increased 6% higher grain yield than no foliar application of fertilizer. It may be suggested that foliar application of DAP is a better technology for increasing lentil production in drought prone area of Bangladesh.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 211-214, 2018
Microbiological quality analysis of fresh vended fruit juices and water sold in roadside stalls in Dhaka Metropolis by MPN method
Authors: Eva Mahamuda Akther , Shreya Shawda Shafiq , Ahmed Tasnia
Published: February 2019

Quality of drinking water and juice is very important because if the quality deteriorates by the contamination of faecally originated microorganisms, it may cause serious diarrhea associated problems leading to death. In overpopulated countries like Bangladesh, this is a common scenario to experience diarrheal diseases due to drinking non-potable water as well as contaminated fresh juices. Present study was conducted to determine the quality of drinking water and juice by detection of indicator bacteria Escherichia coli by MPN (Most Probable Number) method which was performed by three consecutive steps including presumptive test, confirmed test and completed test. Other gram negative bacteria were also identified by biochemical methods. The indicator bacterium Escherichia coli was detected in two water samples out of 15 samples and one juice sample out of fifteen samples respectively during the MPN test method. Other Gram negative bacteria found in both water and juice samples included Klebsiella spp., Alcaligenes spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp. The quality of drinking water and juice was found to be good in Bangladesh but proper hygiene should be maintained more strictly to avoid the contamination by other gram negative bacteria which are also capable of causing disease.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.7(1) 2017: 1-6
Study of antimicrobial activity of two common anti-cough formulations sold in Bangladesh
Authors: Shammi Tahmina , Khalid Md Ismam
Published: February 2019

Coughing is a physiological process of clarifying the mucosal obstruction through the airways is often be complicated by the invasion following infection by an array of microorganisms. A number of anti-cough formulations are available to combat coughing which is a non-antibiotic drug by nature; however, in some instances these drugs may exhibit anti-microbial trait in action probably due to the chemical properties of the contents. Present study aimed to determine such anti-microbial activity of two commonly used anti-cough mixtures which are locally formulated by the reputed pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of five laboratory strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were tested by the agar well diffusion method against these two oral liquid samples under investigation used as anti-cough drugs. Sample 1 was found to be highly effective against all of the five test organisms whereas sample 2 was found to be effective against four of the tested organisms. Interestingly, even the lowest amount (50 μl) of both drugs were able to mount inhibitory action against at least two test organisms, the highest amount of both drugs have been found to pose more antimicrobial action than their positive control Gentamycin 10 mg.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.7(1) 2017: 7-9
Detection of microbial proliferation & assessment of antibacterial activity of spices collected from various locations of Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md Aftab , Hasan Khondakar Wahid , Jamal Jubaida Binta
Published: February 2019

The current study was aimed to detect the presence of contaminating microorganisms in some commonly available spices collected from different areas of Dhaka city, Bangladesh and also to assess their antibacterial activity. Out of eight samples under this study, total viable bacterial count (TVBC) was observed within the range of 106 to 107cfu/g. Among the specific bacterial isolates Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Escherichia coli were found in almost all the samples within the margin of 102 to 106 cfu/g. Alarmingly Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp. were presumptively identified in one and two samples respectively. Besides every sample showed the presence of fungus with load up to 103 cfu/g. Antibacterial activity of these samples was tested against seven laboratory isolates. Syzygium aromaticum showed highest activity against as many as five bacterial isolates while Cinnamomum verum was active against four isolates. On the other contrary, both Zingiber officinale and Laurus nobilis demonstrated their antibacterial activity only against Staphylococcus spp. and Klebsiella spp. respectively.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.7(1) 2017: 10-13
Influence of tannery wastes and the surrounding environment of tannery industries on microbial growth and proliferation
Authors: Das Nayan Chandra , Hossaini Farzana , Munshi Saurab Kishore
Published: February 2019

The present study was carried out to assess the degree of microbiological proliferation in tannery wastes and the surrounding environment of the tannery industries. In this regard, a total of 8 tannery waste (n=4) and environmental (n=4) samples were tested. All the samples contained a huge load of bacteria and fungi in an average of 108 cfu/g or ml. An extended numbers of pathogenic bacteria were recovered. Among the pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus spp. was predominant. Most of the samples exhibited the presence of Pseudomonas spp. Salmonella spp. and fecal coliform were found each in one sample. Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Vibrio spp. were found in few samples. The average load of the pathogens was 104 cfu/g or ml. All the pathogenic isolates were found to be multidrug resistant. Higher resistance was found against penicillin and streptomycin. Tannery waste after lather treatment sample showed antibacterial activity against all the pathogens tested. Overall, presence of pathogenic microorganisms with multidrug resistance traits may pose serious public health threats.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.7(1) 2017: 14-18
Microbiological quality analysis of domestic water collected from the slum area’s people in Dhaka city
Authors: Nur Ifra Tun , Baishnab Rakhi , Tethee Niger Sultana
Published: February 2019

Over the last few consecutive decades along with urbanization slum population has been raised. But unfortunately unsatisfactory water supply and sanitation systems are the main obstacles of their livelihood and they are suffering from many diseases. So our present study attempted to focus on the existence of pathogenic microorganisms in domestic water used by slum population along with drug resistant pattern of the isolated bacteria. Total 20 samples were collected and processed for microbiological action. Significant numbers of coliform bacteria especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. were found within the range of 102 to 104 cfu/ml. Conversely almost all samples exhibited fecal contamination except sample 5 and 6. Growth of fungus and other pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp. and Vibrio spp. also found in almost every sample. Total 10 available drugs were used against the identified isolates. Most of the identified bacteria were found to be sensitive against commonly used antibiotics. Resistance was found only against ampicilin, amoxycilin and vancomycin.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.7(1) 2017: 19-22
Study on the microbiological potential of biofertilizer applied on Brassica oleracea (cauliflower)
Authors: Acharjee Mrityunjoy
Published: February 2019

Plant nutrients are vital component of sustainable agriculture as they are essential for the production of crops and healthy food. Chemical fertilizer or pesticides may have huge influence to increase the heavy metal and resistant microbes in soil as well as in crops. In order to provide an experimental evidence on the positive impact of bio-fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on agricultural field, present study attempted to collect 50 samples of Brassica oleracea (25 were treated with bio-fertilizer and 25 were chemically treated) from different agricultural land of rural area in Bangladesh. The samples were processed to examine the microbiological and clinical aspects of both bio-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on vegetables through several common, traditional and replicable cultural and biochemical tests. Both samples were found to be contaminated with total viable bacteria and fungi up to the range 108 & 106cfu/g, respectively. The elevated range of pathogenic contamination (Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp.) was found in both samples within the range of 102 to 106cfu/g. In case of biofertilizer treated vegetable the contamination of Staphylococcus spp. was prominent up to 106 cfu/g and the same existence was found for chemically treated vegetable. Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were found 104 & 105 cfu/g, respectively in biofertilizer treated vegetable while the contamination was noticed up to 102 & 104 cfu/g in chemically treated vegetable respectively. Another important era of this study is drug resistant pattern, most of the isolates exhibited resistance against commonly used antibiotics while several isolates were noted to be multi-drug resistant (MDR). The drug resistance strains were remarkably high in chemically treated vegetable whereas maximum antibiotics were extremely effective against the bacteria isolated from biofertlizer treated vegetable

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.7(1) 2017: 23-27