bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Zero and Minimum Tillage on Cotton Productivity and Soil Characteristics under Different Nitrogen Application Rates
Authors: Khan Niamat Ullah , Khan Aftab Ahmad , Goheer Muhammad Arif , Shafique Izwa , Hussain Sadam , Hussain Saddam , Javed Talha , Naz Maliha , Shabbir Rubab , Raza Ali , Zulfiqar Faisal , Mora-Poblete Freddy , Ahmar Sunny , Ali Qasim , Ali Hayssam M. , Siddiqui Manzer H.
Published: December 2021

Long-term conservation tillage and straw incorporation are reported to improve the soil health, growth, and yield traits of crops; however, little is known regarding the optimal nitrogen (N) supply under conservation tillage with straw incorporation. The present study evaluated the effects of conservation tillage practices (ZTsas: zero tillage plus wheat straw on the soil surface as such, and MTsi: minimum tillage plus wheat straw incorporated) and different N application rates (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha−1) on the yield and quality traits of cotton and soil characteristics in a five-year field experiment. The results showed that ZTsas produced a higher number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield, 100-seed weight, ginning out-turn (GOT), fiber length, and strength than MTsi. Among different N application rates, the maximum number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield, GOT, 100-seed weight, fiber length, strength, and micronaire were recorded at 150 kg N ha−1. Averaged over the years, tillage × N revealed that ZTsas had a higher boll number plant−1, boll weight, 100-seed weight, GOT, fiber length, and strength with N application at 150 kg ha−1, as compared to other tillage systems. Based on the statistical results, there is no significant difference in total soil N and soil organic matter among different N rates. Further, compared to MTsi, ZTsas recorded higher soil organic matter (SOM, 8%), total soil N (TSN, 29%), water-stable aggregates (WSA, 8%), and mean weight diameter (MWD, 28.5%), particularly when the N application of 150 kg ha−1. The fiber fineness showed that ZTsas had no adverse impact on fiber fineness compared with MTsi. These results indicate that ZTsas with 150 kg N ha−1 may be the optimum and most sustainable approach to improve cotton yield and soil quality in the wheat–cotton system.
The Small Water Cycle in the Czech Landscape: How Has It Been Affected by Land Management Changes Over Time?
Authors: Noreika Nina , Winterová Julie , Li Tailin , Krása Josef , Dostál Tomáš
Published: December 2021

For the Czech Republic to recover from the effects of past mismanagement, it is necessary to determine how its landscape management can be improved holistically by reinforcing the small water cycle. We conducted a scenario analysis across four time periods using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to determine the effects of land use, land management, and crop rotation shifts since the 1800s in what is now the Czech Republic. The 1852 and 1954 land-use scenarios behaved the most similarly hydrologically across all four scenarios, likely due to minimal landscape transformation and the fact that these two scenarios occur prior to the widespread incorporation of subsurface tile drainages across the landscape. Additionally, the crop rotation of 1920–1938 reinforces the small water cycle the most, while that of 1950–1989 reinforces the small water cycle the least. Diversified crop rotations should be incentivized to farmers, and increasing the areas of forest, brush, and permanent grassland should be prioritized to further reinforce the small water cycle. It is necessary to foster relationships and open communication between watershed managers, landowners, and scientists to improve the small water cycle and to pave the way for successful future hydrological modeling in the Czech Republic.
Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Using Machine Learning Algorithms on Google Earth Engine for Munneru River Basin, India
Authors: Loukika Kotapati Narayana , Keesara Venkata Reddy , Sridhar Venkataramana
Published: December 2021

The growing human population accelerates alterations in land use and land cover (LULC) over time, putting tremendous strain on natural resources. Monitoring and assessing LULC change over large areas is critical in a variety of fields, including natural resource management and climate change research. LULC change has emerged as a critical concern for policymakers and environmentalists. As the need for the reliable estimation of LULC maps from remote sensing data grows, it is critical to comprehend how different machine learning classifiers perform. The primary goal of the present study was to classify LULC on the Google Earth Engine platform using three different machine learning algorithms—namely, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and classification and regression trees (CART)—and to compare their performance using accuracy assessments. The LULC of the study area was classified via supervised classification. For improved classification accuracy, NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and NDWI (normalized difference water index) indices were also derived and included. For the years 2016, 2018, and 2020, multitemporal Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 data with spatial resolutions of 10 m and 30 m were used for the LULC classification. ‘Water bodies’, ‘forest’, ‘barren land’, ‘vegetation’, and ‘built-up’ were the major land use classes. The average overall accuracy of SVM, RF, and CART classifiers for Landsat-8 images was 90.88%, 94.85%, and 82.88%, respectively, and 93.8%, 95.8%, and 86.4% for Sentinel-2 images. These results indicate that RF classifiers outperform both SVM and CART classifiers in terms of accuracy.
Promoting Sustainability through Regional Food and Wine Pairing
Authors: Serra Manuel , Antonio Nuno , Henriques Claudia , Afonso Carlos M.
Published: December 2021

Sustainable development has been growingly recognized as important in the scope of tourism and hospitality industry practices. Gastronomic tourism associated with regional food-and wine pairing helps the emerging of higher quality services and contributes to the sustainability of tourist destinations. This study presents a pairing model based on three Real-Time Delphi (RTD) questionnaires to allow experts to select and pair regional wines with regional foods. In the first questionnaire, the experts were asked to choose, by category, the most representative regional dishes from the Algarve region (Portugal). In the second questionnaire, for each dish, experts voted on the best regional wines for the dish. In the third questionnaire, experts made quantitative and qualitative analyses for each of the three most voted wines for each dish. The resulting pairing model of regional food and wines will be communicated to tourism professionals and the general public. By promoting the consumption of these pairings, we promote an efficient, socially fair, and ecologically sustainable local economy. At the same time, we stimulate the circular economy in tourism.
Organization Benefit as an Outcome of Organizational Security Adoption: The Role of Cyber Security Readiness and Technology Readiness
Authors: Berlilana  , Noparumpa Tim , Ruangkanjanases Athapol , Hariguna Taqwa , Sarmini
Published: December 2021

The increasing number of cyber-attacks has become a serious threat to organizations, organizations that are not prepared to face cyber-attacks on their organizational resources will experience huge losses and reduce organizational performance. It is a big challenge for organizations to combat cyber-attacks by improving cyber security, but there is still little research examining the factors that affect an organization’s cyber security readiness from a holistic point of view. This study integrates a framework based on technology, organization, environment, and technology readiness to examine various factors that affect cyber security readiness in organizations, as well as their impact on organizational performance, where the impact is in the form of tangible and intangible benefits. This study proposes 4 hypotheses to test the framework that has been built. A total of 260 data have been validated from an online questionnaire survey given to organizations and companies. This study applied quantitative approach, while the main method used was SEM-PLS and the software involved was SmartPLS V2. The results of the study indicate that the overall hypotheses proposed have a significant impact, cyber security readiness and technology have a positive impact on organizational security performance, which in turn has an impact on the intangible benefits and tangible benefits. The results of this study can be used by organizations as a guide in improving cyber security to achieve superior performance in organizations and improve understanding of references related to cyber security in organizations. Meanwhile, this research has impact to the society because the good cooperation and good organization will be achieved. it also increases the social cooperation responsibility.
Dynamics and Economics of Shallow Lakes: A Survey
Authors: Gromov Dmitry , Upmann Thorsten
Published: December 2021

We provide an overview of the results devoted to the analysis of the dynamics and economics of shallow lakes, spanning the period from 1999 until now. A shallow lake serves as a typical representative of an ecological system subject to (possibly irreversible) regime shifts. The dynamics of a shallow lake are described by a non-linear model with multiple steady states and multiple domains of attraction and is thus suitable to model the evolution of an ecosystem featuring both resilience within a domain of stability and an abrupt regime shift outside of it. Beyond this, the shallow lake model can also be viewed as a metaphor for many other ecological problems. Due to the broad applicability of this model, there is substantial interest in the management of shallow lakes and both their optimal regulation and competitive usage.
New Housing Concepts: Modular, Circular, Biobased, Reproducible, and Affordable
Authors: Oorschot Leo , Asselbergs Thijs
Published: December 2021

For a moment, it seemed that the architect had disappeared from the construction supply chain for sustainable and affordable housing provided by Dutch housing associations. Large contractors were making direct agreements with housing associations and wanted to scale up production with their housing factories. However, with the ‘So You Think You Can BUILD’ challenge, architects, consultancies, and contractors reinvented themselves within the construction supply chain and acquired a position as providers of circular building concepts. The aim of this challenge is to stimulate providers of homes to design and produce (in great numbers) affordable and sustainable houses. This not only scales up building production in empty fields but also within difficult and dense build urban areas. A whole new generation of Dutch architects, consultancies, and contractors working in collaboration are now intensively involved with circular and biobased residential buildings, innovative materials and production processes. They are managing to provide attractive products for housing associations and other clients. In the first part of 2021, ‘So You Think You Can BUILD’ challenged teams of designers, engineers and contractors to develop new concepts, with the three winners applying the principles of the ‘passive house’, which is modular and circular, as well as a smart building skin and smart core with open floor space in between.
On the Hierarchical Bernoulli Mixture Model Using Bayesian Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
Authors: Suryaningtyas Wahyuni , Iriawan Nur , Kuswanto Heri , Zain Ismaini
Published: December 2021

The model developed considers the uniqueness of a data-driven binary response (indicated by 0 and 1) identified as having a Bernoulli distribution with finite mixture components. In social science applications, Bernoulli’s constructs a hierarchical structure data. This study introduces the Hierarchical Bernoulli mixture model (Hibermimo), a new analytical model that combines the Bernoulli mixture with hierarchical structure data. The proposed approach uses a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm with a No-U-Turn Sampler (HMC/NUTS). The study has performed a compatible syntax program computation utilizing the HMC/NUTS to analyze the Bayesian Bernoulli mixture aggregate regression model (BBMARM) and Hibermimo. In the model estimation, Hibermimo yielded a result of ~90% compliance with the modeling of each district and a small Widely Applicable Information Criteria (WAIC) value.
Study on Dynamic Snap-Through and Nonlinear Vibrations of an Energy Harvester Based on an Asymmetric Bistable Composite Laminated Shell
Authors: Dong Ting , Chen Xinhua , Zhang Jun
Published: December 2021

Bistable energy harvesters have been extensively studied. However, theoretical research on the dynamics of bistable energy harvesters based on asymmetric bistable composite laminated plate and shell structures has not been conducted. In this paper, a theoretical model on the dynamics of an energy harvester based on an asymmetric bistable composite laminated shell is established. The dynamic snap-through, the nonlinear vibrations and the voltage output with two potential wells of the bistable energy harvester are studied. The influence of the amplitude and the frequency for the base excitation on the bistable energy harvester is studied. When the frequency for the base excitation with a suitable amplitude in the frequency sweeping is located in a specific range or the amplitude for the base excitation with a suitable frequency in the amplitude sweeping is located in a specific range, the large-amplitude dynamic snap-through, nonlinear vibrations and voltage output with two potential wells can be found to occur. The amplitude and the frequency for the base excitation interact on each other for the specific amplitude or frequency range which migrates due to the softening nonlinearity. The vibration in the process of the dynamic snap-through behaves as the chaotic vibration. The nonlinear vibrations of the bistable system behave as the periodic vibration, the quasi-periodic vibration and the chaotic vibration. This study provides a theoretical reference for the design of energy harvesters based on asymmetric bistable composite laminated plate and shell structures.
EEG Frontal Asymmetry in Dysthymia, Major Depressive Disorder and Euthymic Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Spironelli Chiara , Fusina Francesca , Bortolomasi Marco , Angrilli Alessandro
Published: December 2021

In the last few decades, the incidence of mood disorders skyrocketed worldwide and has brought an increasing human and economic burden. Depending on the main symptoms and their evolution across time, they can be classified in several clinical subgroups. A few psychobiological indices have been extensively investigated as promising markers of mood disorders. Among these, frontal asymmetry measured at rest with quantitative EEG has represented the main available marker in recent years. Only a few studies so far attempted to distinguish the features and differences among diagnostic types of mood disorders by using this index. The present study measured frontal EEG asymmetry during a 5-min resting state in three samples of patients with bipolar disorder in a Euthymic phase (EBD, n = 17), major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 25) and persistent depressive disorder (PDD, n = 21), once termed dysthymia. We aimed to test the hypothesis that MDD and PDD lack the typical leftward asymmetry exhibited by normal as well as EBD patients, and that PDD shows greater clinical and neurophysiological impairments than MDD. Clinical scales revealed no symptoms in EBD, and significant larger anxiety and depression scores in PDD than in MDD patients. Relative beta (i.e., beta/alpha ratio) EEG asymmetry was measured from lateral frontal sites and results revealed the typical greater left than right frontal beta activity in EBD, as well as a lack of asymmetry in both MDD and PDD. The last two groups also had lower bilateral frontal beta activity in comparison with the EBD group. Results concerning group differences were interpreted by taking into account both the clinical and the neurophysiological domains.
Primal-Dual Splitting Algorithms for Solving Structured Monotone Inclusion with Applications
Authors: Chen Jinjian , Luo Xingyu , Tang Yuchao , Dong Qiaoli
Published: December 2021

This work proposes two different primal-dual splitting algorithms for solving structured monotone inclusion containing a cocoercive operator and the parallel-sum of maximally monotone operators. In particular, the parallel-sum is symmetry. The proposed primal-dual splitting algorithms are derived from two approaches: One is the preconditioned forward–backward splitting algorithm, and the other is the forward–backward–half-forward splitting algorithm. Both algorithms have a simple calculation framework. In particular, the single-valued operators are processed via explicit steps, while the set-valued operators are computed by their resolvents. Numerical experiments on constrained image denoising problems are presented to show the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Ecophysiology of Fusarium chaquense a Novel Type A Trichothecene Producer Species Isolated from Natural Grasses
Authors: Nichea Maria J. , Cendoya Eugenia , Haidukowski Miriam , Torres Adriana M. , Ramirez María L.
Published: December 2021

Fusarium chaquense, a recently formally described novel species, has been identified as an T-2 toxin (T-2), HT-2 toxin (HT-2) and other toxins producer in natural grasses (Poaceae) from Argentina. The major objective of this study was to describe the effect of water activity (aW, 0.995, 0.98, 0.95, 0.93 and 0.91), temperature (15, 25 and 30 °C) and incubation time (5, 15 and 25 days) on growth and to evaluate the production of T-2, HT-2 toxins and beauvericin (BEA) by two F. chaquense strains in a grass-based media. The results showed a wide range of conditions for F. chaquense growth and mycotoxin production. Both strains had a maximum growth rate at the highest aW (0.995) and 25 °C. Regarding mycotoxin production, more T-2 than the other analysed mycotoxins were produced by the two strains. T-2 production was favoured at 0.995 aW and 30 °C, while HT-2 production at 0.98–0.95 aW and 15 °C. The maximum levels of BEA were produced at 0.995 aW and 25–30 °C. Two-dimensional profiles of aW by temperature interactions were obtained from these data in order to identify areas where conditions indicate a significant risk of mycotoxins accumulation on grass. For its versatility on growth and mycotoxin production in a wide range of aW and temperatures, F. chaquense would have an adaptive advantage over other Fusarium species, and this would explain its high frequency of isolation in natural grasses grown up in the Chaco wetlands.
Spontaneous Mutation in the Movement Protein of Citrus Leprosis Virus C2, in a Heterologous Virus Infection Context, Increases Cell-to-Cell Transport and Generates Fitness Advantage
Authors: Leastro Mikhail Oliveira , Villar-Álvarez David , Freitas-Astúa Juliana , Kitajima Elliot Watanabe , Pallás Vicente , Sánchez-Navarro Jesús Ángel
Published: December 2021

Previous results using a movement defective alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) vector revealed that citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) movement protein (MP) generates a more efficient local movement, but not more systemic transport, than citrus leprosis virus C2 (CiLV-C2) MP, MPs belonging to two important viruses for the citrus industry. Here, competition experiment assays in transgenic tobacco plants (P12) between transcripts of AMV constructs expressing the cilevirus MPs, followed by several biological passages, showed the prevalence of the AMV construct carrying the CiLV-C2 MP. The analysis of AMV RNA 3 progeny recovered from P12 plant at the second viral passage revealed the presence of a mix of progeny encompassing the CiLV-C2 MP wild type (MPWT) and two variants carrying serines instead phenylalanines at positions 72 (MPS72F) or 259 (MPS259F), respectively. We evaluated the effects of each modified residue in virus replication, and cell-to-cell and long-distance movements. Results indicated that phenylalanine at position 259 favors viral cell-to-cell transport with an improvement in viral fitness, but has no effect on viral replication, whereas mutation at position 72 (MPS72F) has a penalty in the viral fitness. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of a viral population may be correlated with its greater efficiency in cell-to-cell and systemic movements.
Translation of Plant RNA Viruses
Authors: Geng Guowei , Wang Deya , Liu Zhifei , Wang Yalan , Zhu Mingjing , Cao Xinran , Yu Chengming , Yuan Xuefeng
Published: December 2021

Plant RNA viruses encode essential viral proteins that depend on the host translation machinery for their expression. However, genomic RNAs of most plant RNA viruses lack the classical characteristics of eukaryotic cellular mRNAs, such as mono-cistron, 5′ cap structure, and 3′ polyadenylation. To adapt and utilize the eukaryotic translation machinery, plant RNA viruses have evolved a variety of translation strategies such as cap-independent translation, translation recoding on initiation and termination sites, and post-translation processes. This review focuses on advances in cap-independent translation and translation recoding in plant viruses.
Immunogenicity after Second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccination According to the Individual Reactogenicity, Health Status and Lifestyle
Authors: Choi Hyunji , Lee Sun-Min , Lim Seungjin , Shin Kyung-Hwa , Kim Taeyun , Kim Won-joo , Yun Misook , Oh Seung-Hwan
Published: December 2021

The immune-acquired responses after vaccination vary depending on the type of vaccine and the individual. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the acquisition of immunity and the side effects, health status, and lifestyle after completion of the second dose of AZD1222. Blood samples were collected after a second dose of AZD1222. The Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA (IgG) for anti-S1 antibody, the cPASS SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody detection kit for the surrogate virus neutralization test, and the T-spot Discovery SARS-CoV-2 kit were used to identify cellular immunogenicity. Patient experience of adverse effects was investigated using questionnaires. Information on health status and lifestyle were collected from the most recent health checkup data. Generally, females experience more reactogenicity in both intensity and duration. The rash of the first shot and chills of the second shot were associated with humoral immunity. However, comprehensive adverse effects had no correlation with humoral and cellular immunity. The T-spot-positive group had a higher creatinine level, which reflects muscle mass, than the T-spot-negative group. Males presented a higher level of T-spot assays. Body mass index and age were negatively correlated with the T-spot assay and anti-S1 antibody, respectively. Immune acquisition after the second AZD1222 shot was not associated with reactogenicity. However, individuals’ sex, age, and BMI were found to be associated with immunogenicity after vaccination.
Information Integration and Information Storage in Retinotopic and Non-Retinotopic Sensory Memory
Authors: Öğmen Haluk , Herzog Michael H.
Published: December 2021

The first stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin model of human memory is a sensory memory (SM). The visual component of the SM was shown to operate within a retinotopic reference frame. However, a retinotopic SM (rSM) is unable to account for vision under natural viewing conditions because, for example, motion information needs to be analyzed across space and time. For this reason, the SM store of the Atkinson–Shiffrin model has been extended to include a non-retinotopic component (nrSM). In this paper, we analyze findings from two experimental paradigms and show drastically different properties of rSM and nrSM. We show that nrSM involves complex processes such as motion-based reference frames and Gestalt grouping, which establish object identities across space and time. We also describe a quantitative model for nrSM and show drastic differences between the spatio-temporal properties of rSM and nrSM. Since the reference-frame of the latter is non-retinotopic and motion-stream based, we suggest that the spatiotemporal properties of the nrSM are in accordance with the spatiotemporal properties of the motion system. Overall, these findings indicate that, unlike the traditional rSM, which is a relatively passive store, nrSM exhibits sophisticated processing properties to manage the complexities of ecological perception.
Alternative Use of Artificial Quarry Lakes as a Source of Thermal Energy for Greenhouses
Authors: Chicco Jessica Maria , Comeau Felix-Antoine , Casasso Alessandro , Comina Cesare , Giordano Nicolò , Mandrone Giuseppe , Raymond Jasmin
Published: December 2021

In northern Italy, most greenhouses rely on gas or oil heaters which are sometimes subject to high operating costs. Several greenhouses are nearby quarry lakes, which are the legacy of the expansion of cities in the last decades, including Turin (NW Italy). About 20 quarry lakes were excavated close to the Po riverbed in the southern part of this urban area, along a belt of more than 30 km in length, with an overall volume exceeding 10 million m3 water. The study addresses these artificial lakes as a low enthalpy thermal energy source, potentially providing heat to surrounding agri-business buildings. Detailed temperature monitoring of a large lake quarry was conducted over two years at different depths, measuring the surrounding groundwater level as well. Two different behaviors of the lake during the winter and summer seasons enabled the definition of a quite low water mixing process between the surrounding aquifers and the lake (in the range of 2–4 °C). An evaluation of the heat extraction potential using the lake as a heat source, depending on water temperature and its volume, and a qualitative comparison with groundwater systems are proposed. This study contributes to increasing knowledge on an overlooked resource for sustainable heating.
Synergistic Degradation of Chloramphenicol by an Ultrasound-Enhanced Fenton-like Sponge Iron System
Authors: Meng Xia , Liu Zhongming , Wang Shoujuan , Kong Fangong
Published: December 2021

In this study, an ultrasound Fenton-like sponge iron system was used to enhance the degradation efficiency for chloramphenicol (CAP). Three single-factor experiments of reaction pH, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, and sponge iron (Fe) concentration were used to explore the impact on CAP degradation efficiency. The response surface method revealed the interactions between various factors. The degradation efficiency for CAP was as high as 99.97% at pH = 3, 3.19 mmol/L H2O2, and a sponge iron concentration of 2.26 g/L. The degradation rate for CAP was significantly reduced upon the addition of some inorganic salts, mainly due to the quenching of OH radicals. Gram-negative (G(−)) Escherichia coli and Gram-positive (G(+)) Staphylococcus aureus were used to evaluate the changes in the antibacterial activity of CAP. Finally, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the degradation products and the degradation path for the products was proposed based on the detected products.
Sediment Budgets for Small Salinized Agricultural Catchments in Southwest Australia and Implications for Phosphorus Transport
Authors: Wasson Robert J. , Weaver David M.
Published: December 2021

Examples of sediment budgets are needed to document the range of budget types and their controls. Sediment budgets for three small agricultural catchments (7.6 to 15.6 km2) in southwestern Australia are dominated by channel and gully erosion, with sheet and rill erosion playing a subordinate role. Erosion was increased by clearing naturally swampy valley floors and hillslopes for agriculture and grazing, and episodic intense rainstorms. The proportion of sediment from channel and gully erosion in the sediment budget appears to be determined by the depth of alluvial fills. Dryland salinization caused by clearing native vegetation has connected hillslopes to channels across narrow floodplains, increasing the Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR). Yield and SDR are found to be insensitive to major in-catchment changes of vegetation cover after initial clearing, the ratio of sheet and rill erosion/channel and gully erosion, and sediment storage masses. This supports the idea that yield alone is often a poor indicator of the impact of land use and land management change. Riparian vegetation would reduce sediment yield but not phosphorus yield. This study demonstrates the value of mixed methods where field observations and chemical analysis are combined with information from local people.
Water Field Distribution Characteristics under Slope Runoff and Seepage Coupled Effect Based on the Finite Element Method
Authors: Li Shanghui , Jiang Zhenliang , Que Yun , Chen Xian , Ding Hui , Liu Yi , Dai Yiqing , Xue Bin
Published: December 2021

The unsaturated seepage field coupled with heavy rainfall-induced surface flow mainly accounts for the slope instability. If the slope contains macropores, the coupled model and solution process significantly differ from the traditional one (without macropores). Most of the studies on the variation of the water field under the coupled effect of runoff and seepage on the slope did not consider the macropore structure. In this paper, two coupled Richards equations were used to describe the MF (Macropore Flow), and along with the kinematic wave equation, they were applied to establish a coupled model of SR (Slope Runoff) and MF. The numerical solving of the coupled model was realized by the COMSOL PDE finite element method, and an innovative laboratory test was conducted to verify the numerical results. The effects of different factors (i.e., rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, saturated conductivity, and slope roughness coefficient) on water content and ponding depth with and without macropores were compared and analyzed. The results show that infiltration is more likely to happen in MF than UF (Unsaturated Flow, without macropore). The depths of the saturation zone and the wetting front of MF are obviously greater than those of UF. When SR occurs, rainfall duration has the most significant influence on infiltration. When macropores are considered, the ponding depth is smaller at the beginning of rainfall, while the effects are not obvious in the later period. Rain intensity and roughness coefficient have significant influences on the ponding depth. Therefore, macropores should not be ignored in the analysis of the slope seepage field.
The traits of the behavior of sled dogs depending on their origin
Authors: Kostomakhin N. M. , Dikov A. V.
Published: December 2021

A dog is a unique animal, capable of complex relationships not only with its relatives, but also with a man. Impulsivity is a behavioral trait described as the inability to postpone behavior in the presence of significant signals. The purpose of the work was to study the traits of the behavior of sled dogs depending on their origin. The studies have been carried out on dogs of the breeds of Siberian and Alaskan husky. The animals have been divided into groups: the 1st group Siberian husky (show type); the 2nd group – Siberian husky (sports type); the 3rd group – Alaskan husky. It has been found that Siberian husky of the show type and the Siberian husky of the sports type were indifferent to the shot (4,6 points). Alaskan husky dogs received a significantly lower score of 3,5 points (P > 0,95). According to the degree of excitability, the ratio of animal ratings in the studied groups was distributed as follows; the dogs of the 3rd group had the high degree of excitability, which received 2,8±0,09 points out of 3 possible points. Significantly lower scores of 2,0 and 2,2 were awarded to individuals of the 1st and 2nd groups (Siberian husky of show and sports types) with the significant difference of P > 0,999 and P > 0,95, respectively, in relation to animals of the 3rd group (Alaskan husky). For the 1st and 2nd groups of dogs, the average degree of excitability was more characteristic. While in the 3rd group there were no dogs with the low degree of excitability. The dogs of Siberian husky show-type did not show fear and fright towards a man. In the dogs of Siberian husky show type, the passive-defensive reaction was not expressed.
FUENTES BIBLIOGRÁFICAS GENERALES PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LA FRASEOLOGÍA ESPAÑOLA DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DIDÁCTICA Y DE LA ENSEÑANZA DEL ESPAÑOL COMO LENGUA EXTRANJERA
Authors: Salem Tarek Shaban Mohammad
Published: December 2021

El campo de la fraseología ha suscitado el interés en los investigadores a lo largo de muchos años. Esto fue motivo de la aparición de decenas de trabajos relacionados con diferentes perspectivas de dicha disciplina. Este artículo viene como una continuación de algunos trabajos de investigación que hemos realizado a lo largo de los últimos cinco años. En este trabajo incluimos los trabajos que tratan la fraseología desde la perspectiva didáctica de la lengua además de aquellos relacionados con la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera. Esta relación bibliográfica recoge principalmente los trabajos publicados hasta 2018, es decir que está actualizada. Por ende, los investigadores de esta rama lingüística podrán tener una idea clara y global sobre los temas planteados al respecto. En este repertorio bibliográfico tratamos la fraseología desde su concepción amplia, es decir, que abarca las colocaciones, las locuciones, los enunciados fraseológicos e incluso las paremias. Para una fácil consulta, hemos dividido las fuentes en este repertorio en varias secciones: artículos publicados en revistas y en congresos, capítulos de libros y libros completos que tratan el tema; y memorias de máster y tesis doctorales. Estamos seguros de que estas fuentes representan una guía imprescindible para el estudio de este campo lingüístico.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Fuentes bibliográficas; Fraseología; Didáctica; Español como lengua extranjera.

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF SPANISH PHRASEOLOGY FROM THE DIDACTIC PERSPECTIVE AND THE TEACHING OF SPANISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

ABSTRACT

Phraseology has received great interest by researchers over time. This is why we found dozens of works related to different perspectives of this discipline. It should be noted that this article comes as a continuation of some research works we have done over the past five years. The present paper includes the works that deal with phraseology from the didactic perspective and teaching Spanish as a foreign language. This bibliographical list mainly includes works published until 2018, that is, it has been updated for contemporary scholars in this branch of linguistics to provide them with a clear and global idea of the topics discussed in this regard. In this bibliographical repertoire, we deal with phraseology in its broad sense, that is, it encompasses collocations, idioms, phraseological statements and even proverbs. For easy consultation of this repertoire, we have divided the sources into several sections: articles published in journals and conferences; books or chapters of books dealing with the subject; and master's and doctoral dissertations. We are sure that these sources present a helpful guide for the study of this linguistic field.

KEYWORDS: Bibliographic Sources; Phraseology; Didactics; Spanish as a Foreign Language.
UN ACERCAMIENTO A LAS INTERRELACIONES DIDÁCTICAS ENTRE LA ANTROPOLOGÍA Y LA DIDÁCTICA DE LA HISTORIA
Authors: Fernández Naranjo Roberto
Published: December 2021

El poder reflexionar sobre la didáctica de la Historia desde una visión más general y culturológica como nos ofrece la antropología sociocultural, ha devenido en tarea priorizada para poder encontrar los fundamentos teóricos que sustentan los estudios que sobre didáctica de la Historia y las ciencias sociales, realizamos los docentes investigadores que nos ocupamos de esta área del saber, poder reflexionar sobre la categoría Hecho histórico cultural deviene en plataforma teórica para el análisis de la cuestión racial, la marginalidad, tomado como centro la cultura como epicentro fundamental para poder realizar estos análisis.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Antropología; Hecho histórico cultural; Didáctica de la Historia.

AN APPROACH TO DIDACTIC INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN ANTHROPOLOGY AND DIDACTICS OF HISTORY

ABSTRACT

Being able to reflect on the didactics of history from a more general and cultural perspective as sociocultural anthropology offers us, has become a priority task to be able to find the theoretical foundations that support the studies that on didactics of history and social sciences, we carry out The research professors that deal with this area of knowledge, to be able to reflect on the category Cultural historical fact becomes a theoretical platform for the analysis of the racial issue, marginality, taking culture as a fundamental epicenter to perform these analyzes.

KEYWORDS: Anthropology; Cultural Historical Fact; Didactics of History.
CONFLICTOS FAMILIARES Y SU INCIDENCIA EN EL TRASTORNO DE CONDUCTA DE LOS NIÑOS
Authors: Briones Arcentales Viviana Elizabeth , Cedeño Loor Francisco Omar
Published: December 2021

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de estimar la relación que existe entre los conflictos familiares y el trastorno de la conducta de los niños, es así que se pudo evidenciar que estos conflictos se convierten en factores claves para evidenciar problemas en el comportamiento de los niños y en los miembros de sus familias. Se aplicó una metodología de carácter exploratorio, utilizando las técnicas observación y encuesta, para realizar un análisis de datos de la conducta de los alumnos. Uno de los resultados más relevantes es la identificación de las causas que generan este tipo de conflicto en los hogares, de tal manera que se pueda aportar, de manera directa, a la mejora del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y de la conducta de los estudiantes que sufren de tal ambiente familiar.
PALABRAS CLAVE: conflicto; familia; conducta; comportamiento; trastorno.
FAMILY CONFLICTS AND ITS INCIDENCE IN CHILDREN´S BEHAVIOR DISORDER
ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out with the objective of estimating the relationship between family conflicts and children's behavior disorder, so it was possible to show that these conflicts become key factors to show problems in the behavior of children and their family members. An exploratory methodology was applied, using the observation and survey techniques, to perform a data analysis of the students' behavior. One of the most relevant results is the identification of the causes that generate this type of conflict in the homes, in such a way that it can contribute, directly, to the improvement of the teaching-learning process and the behavior of the students which suffer from such family atmosphere.
KEYWORDS: conflict; family; conduct; behavior; disorder.
ROL DE LA FAMILIA EN EL PROCESO DE RECUPERACIÓN DE LAS PERSONAS DROGODEPENDIENTES
Authors: Velázquez Cedeño John F. , Cevallos Arteaga Cristhian A.
Published: December 2021

La familia ejerce roles complejos en la recuperación del adicto, en donde los valores, sentimientos, emociones, son parte de un sistema en continua evolución y cambio, adaptándose, transformándose en relación con las presiones del medio en que se desenvuelven, siendo la relación familiar de gran importancia. Se considera a la familia como una herramienta de intervención valiosa para romper la negación de la persona adicta y así iniciar el proceso recuperación, pero en ocasiones suele ser la principal causa de que el paciente abandone el tratamiento e incluso provocar desliz y/o recaídas. Un elemento clave en la recuperación de las adicciones son sus familiares, tanto en su detección, aceptación, orientación, canalización, tratamiento y mantenimiento de la abstinencia provocada por la dependencia del consumo de una sustancia. Lo principal es que los familiares se integren en el proceso de recuperación de las personas drogodependientes, buscando estrategias preventivas para evitar el abandono del tratamiento basado en el manejo y entendimiento de la problemática de las drogas, así como también se busca que la familia sea parte activa promoviendo una recuperación de calidad que contribuya a fortalecer la personalidad de cada uno de los internos tanto en la familia como en la sociedad en general.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Rol de la familia; proceso de recuperación; drogodependencia.

ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN THE PROCESS OF RECOVERY OF DROGODEPENDENT PERSONS

ABSTRACT

The family exercises complex roles in the recovery of the addict, where the values, feelings, emotions, are part of a system in continuous evolution and change, adapting, transforming in relation to the pressures of the environment in which they operate, being the family relationship of great importance. The family is considered as a valuable intervention tool to break the denial of the addicted person and thus initiate the recovery process, but sometimes it is usually the main cause of the patient leaving the treatment and even causing slip and / or relapses. A key element in the recovery of addictions are their relatives, both in their detection, acceptance, orientation, channeling, treatment and maintenance of abstinence caused by the dependence of the consumption of a substance. The main thing is that the families are integrated into the recovery process of drug addicts, looking for preventive strategies to avoid the abandonment of the treatment based on the management and understanding of the problem of drugs, as well as seeking to make the family part of the family active promoting a recovery of quality that contributes to strengthen the personality of each of the inmates both in the family and in society in general.

KEYWORDS: Role of the family; recovery process; drug addiction.
ENSEÑANZA DE INGLÉS COMO LENGUA EXTRANJERA (EFL) EN EL DESARROLLO DE LA DESTREZA SPEAKING A TRAVÉS DE CLASES VIRTUALES EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Authors: Cevallos Vélez Karlita Genyfer , Palma Cedeño María Antonieta , Cevallos Vélez Kenia Monserrate , Baquezea Ponce Gema Valentina
Published: December 2021

Los entornos educativos virtuales en la educación superior brindan la oportunidad tanto a los estudiantes como a los docentes de poder conectarse desde cualquier lugar y en cualquier momento, permitiendo potenciar la destreza del speaking en el aprendizaje del idioma inglés. La enseñanza online puede reducir significativamente el efecto que tiene la ansiedad en los estudiantes a lo largo del proceso de aprendizaje. El desarrollo de la habilidad del speaking con la utilización de las herramientas tecnológicas brinda a los docentes y estudiantes un entorno educativo inclusivo con contenidos acorde a la vanguardia tecnológica que vivimos más aún ante la emergencia sanitaria que vivimos a causa del Covid-19. La realización de la presente investigación permitió determinar cuáles son los beneficios de las clases virtuales en la enseña del idioma inglés con la finalidad de evidenciar sus ventajas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Para el desarrollo del presente artículo se empleó el método cuantitativo y a partir de una revisión minuciosa bibliográfica, acompañado de la aplicación de encuestas online, a los estudiantes que cursan las asignaturas de suficiencia en inglés I y II, de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, facilitaron el análisis y discusión de la temática.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Inglés como Lengua Extranjera: speaking; clases virtuales; aprendizaje cooperativo; habilidad; aprendizaje.

TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (EFL) IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH VIRTUAL CLASSES IN HIGHER EDUCATION

ABSTRACT

Virtual educational environments in higher education provide the opportunity for both students and teachers to connect from anywhere, anytime, empowering speaking skills in English language learning. Online teaching can significantly reduce the effect that anxiety has on students throughout the learning process. The development of speaking skills with the use of technological tools provides teachers and students with an inclusive educational environment with content according to the technological vanguard that we live even more in the face of the health emergency that we experience due to Covid-19. This research allowed us to determine what are the benefits of virtual classes in teaching the English language in order to demonstrate its advantages in the teaching-learning process. For the development of this article, the qualitative method was used and from a thorough bibliographic review, accompanied by the application of personalized interviews, they facilitated the analysis and discussion of the subject.

KEYWORDS: English as a Foreign Language (EFL); speaking; virtual classes; cooperative learning; skill; learning.
EDUCACIÓN 4.0: ACERCAMIENTO A UNA NUEVA MANERA DE APRENDER CON HERRAMIENTAS ONLINE
Authors: Ramírez Jiménez María Del Rocío , Rivera Orozco Carmen Elizabeth , Hernández Contreras Jorge , Solorio Núñez María Teresa
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo muestra la implementación de la plataforma educativa Classroom, aplicada a la educación, para ofrecer a los estudiantes de educación superior herramientas que empleen alternativas de aprendizaje, portabilidad y  colaboración en las actividades escolares. En este trabajo se reflejan las ventajas y  características de Classroom plataforma, utilizada como recurso tecnológico vinculado al curso presencial de Introducción a la Computación en el Centro Universitario de los Lagos de la Universidad de Guadalajara. Pretendiendo reforzar en los estudiantes el uso y empleo de las nuevas tecnologías; donde los docentes de manera particular podrán evaluar las ventajas de esta plataforma (Classroom) sobre Moodle que de igual manera proporciona a educadores, administradores y estudiantes un sistema integrado para crear ambientes de aprendizaje personalizados.

PALABRAS CLAVE: plataformas educativas; desarrollo de habilidades tecnológicas; educación superior.

EDUCATION 4.0: APPROACHING A NEW WAY TO LEARN WITH ONLINE TOOLS

ABSTRACT

This article shows the implementation of the Classroom educational platform, applied to education to offer students of university education tools that employ alternatives of learning,  portability and collaboration in school activities. This work reflects the advantages and characteristics of Classroom platform, used as a technological resource linked to the classroom course of Introduction to Computing in the Centro Universitario de los Lagos. Intending to reinforce in students the use it and use of new technologies; Where teachers in a particular way, will be able to evaluate the advantages of Classroom vs Moodle that equally provides educators, administrators and students an integrated system to create customized learning environments.

KEYWORDS: educational platforms; development of technological skills; higher education.