bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformation of the business ecosystem model into energy enterprise’s strategy
Authors: Polyanska A S , Martynets V O , Psyuk V R , Kashchenko Y R , Maksymchuk A O
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the article is to characterize the relevance, structure and background of business ecosystem model working out and its implementation at energy companies and to determine the ways of its interconnected and interdependent components transformation into enterprises’ strategy. It’s proved that formation of a business ecosystem model of energy company is an activity based on combining the efforts of interested parties, which, on the one hand, is aimed to achieve business goals, meet the energy resource needs of various groups of consumers, and on the other hand, on the complying with conditions that ensure the balance of their activities for the realization of the goals of sustainable development and the development of measures to maintain the ability of the business ecosystem to preserve its structure and functionality under the influence of external factors, taking into account global energy trends and energy development strategies. The focus is maid on the business ecosystem model those components integrate business processes, natural ecosystems and people efforts. It is emphasized that the transformation is a process of fundamentally changes based on the application of transformation tools, the choice of which depends on the selected type of transformation: emergency, innovative and evolutionary. Transformation processes require stakeholders’ cooperation with, that shifts the traditional orientation of energy companies’ activities mainly from economic results and business interests to the taking into account the benefits of an ecosystem approach, which accomplish with the added value by reducing the harm to the environment as well as the creating, in some way the business opportunities. It is justified that consideration of issues of collaboration and communication in transformation acquires special importance, since the achievement ofstrategic goalsinvolvesthe interested participants and the achievement of understanding and interaction in the process of transformation business ecosystem model into strategy.
Analysis of the motivational profile of personnel directed at achieving sustainable development of the enterprise
Authors: Lopushniak H S , Poplavska O M , Danylevych N S , Ilienko A V
Published: December 2024

The article is dedicated to the study of motivational profiles of employees, identifying dominant motives in conditions of war and uncertainty to develop the proper tools for directing personnel behavior toward reaching the goals of sustainable development. The study was conducted at bakery enterprises in the Sumy region of Ukraine in 2023. The methodological basis of the study is the author’s approach to structuring motives, which adapts the classic Martin and Ritchie methodology, sociological research methods (questionnaires, focus group surveys) and statistical analysis to the current conditions in Ukraine. As a result, the hypothesis regarding the dependency of the structure of motives (the image of the motivational profile) of employees on their position within organization and the nature of their work was confirmed. It was shown that management pays little attention to the development of motives directed at achieving sustainable development; at the same time, the very nature of work can serve as the basis for the behavior focused on sustainable development goals (for example, the value of work results for society). At the same time, it is apparent that the war changed the structure of motives: safety in the workplace instead of being just important becomes one of the key motives; the motives of social participation and psychological well-being of personnel acquired a greater weight. Unfortunately, though environmental behavior is understood and accepted as important in the structure of motives of employees, in the real motivational profiles it takes an average level, which indicates the impact of stress and war on the priorities as well as minimal efforts of company management in the development of “environmentally responsible” personnel. The obtained data became the foundation for the recommendations offered to improve staff motivation that include components relevant to the current situation of uncertainty and risks and are aimed at achieving sustainable development goals.
Interconnected roles of human capital, employment, and sustainable development in the EU countries
Authors: Kichurchak M V
Published: December 2024

Ensuring social stability and environmental sustainability is crucial for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals in European Union (EU) countries. This paper aims to explore the interdependencies among human capital, employment, and resource productivity in these countries, focusing on sustainable development. To comprehensively assess factors influencing sustainable development in the EU countries, the simultaneous model is proposed. The simultaneous equations were derived using a two-step least squares method. The model comprises three endogenous variables (human capital, quantified by students enrolled in tertiary education; employment, in terms of the resident population concept; and resource productivity) and ten exogenous variables. The human capital pillar for the EU countries hinges on public funding for tertiary education, the employment dynamics for tertiary-educated individuals, resource productivity, environmental taxation, and emigration. Employment requires monitoring demographic trends, resource productivity, government funding for tertiary education, and environmental taxation. The environmental pillar depends on employment dynamics, GDP per capita, public funding for environmental protection, material resource extraction, and direct material inputs of fossil energy materials. For Austria, Belgium, and Portugal, from 2013 to 2021, the theoretical values based on the structural model of sustainable development demonstrated good forecast accuracy for human capital, employment, and resource productivity, indicating positive dynamics.
Effect of the electrochemical impact on copper-molybdenum flotation separation
Authors: Panayotova M , Panayotov V , Pysmennyi S , Chuharev S , Mirdzveli N
Published: December 2024

Lime is used in the classical copper-molybdenum-pyrite flotation for pyrite depression. Often copper-molybdenum flotation separation is conducted with nitrogen and copper minerals are depressed with the aid of phosphorus- or sulfide-based compounds. The mentioned methods are relatively expensive, difficult for handling, sometimes desired results are not achieved and valuable metals are lost. An electrochemical depression of pyrite, followed by an electrochemical depression of copper minerals is suggested and aimed at increasing the recovery of metals and improving the processes’ control. The impact is achieved both by electrodes immersed in the flotation pulp or by using preliminary produced catholyte for pulp preparation. Effective copper-pyrite and copper-molybdenum flotation separation can be achieved under air conditions at significantly reduced amounts of reagents used, latter leading to improved environmental impact.
Chatbot application to support indoor temperature control
Authors: Kulykovska N A , Timenko A V , Hrushko S S , Shkarupylo V V
Published: December 2024

The article is dedicated to Internet of Things (IoT) technologies that allow connecting various devices and sensors via the Internet. Effective customer interaction with IoT systems requires smart interfaces that take into account the context and human needs. Chatbots are considered that can provide users with convenient support, process data from sensors, and visualize them. An IoT system consisting of sensors, a cloud platform for data storage and processing, a database, and a chatbot interface for user interaction is considered. The automatic indoor temperature control system uses sensors that transmit data to the cloud, where it is processed and stored. Users can interact with the IoT system through a chatbot that understands commands and responds accordingly. The chatbot has been tested, showing that it can autonomously maintain the optimal temperature, changing it according to user commands, and responding to critical situations. The results of the study demonstrated that the use of a chatbot allows you to create a human-centered automated system.
Modeling of cone crusher steady-state operation modes
Authors: Mykhailenko O
Published: December 2024

The design of complex technological processes control systems involves several stages. One of the first is to analyze the steady-state operation modes of the control plant. Ore crushing is one of the most critical processes in mineral processing. The quality of its control determines the level of power consumption not only at this stage of mineral processing, but also at the subsequent ones, especially the grinding processes, which are the most energy-intensive in the entire production. The size and homogeneity of crushed ore significantly affect the power consumption of the mills. Ore is crushed by cone crushers. The crushing process is characterized by a large number of parameters. Depending on the control purpose, any of them can be considered as an input, output or disturbance. As a result, a cone crusher as a control plant is a multi-input multi-output system. The relationships between inputs and outputs are very complex, so it is very important to have an adequate mathematical description of cone crusher steady-state for its quality control. In this article, it has identified second-order polynomials regression models for the dependencies between the most significant parameters for a typical cone crusher with a mantle width 2200 mm. Namely, the dependence of the crusher electric drive power on the closed-side setting and feed capacity; the percentage of the control particle size class in the product on the closed-side setting and product capacity; product capacity on the closed-side setting, lining wear on the product capacity. The least squares method was used to estimate the parameters of the regression models.
Application of the numerical modelling for the interpretation of the piezometric data on earth dams in the view of uncertainties specific for dam operation
Authors: Demianiuk A V , Korniichuk V I
Published: December 2024

Dam monitoring is an effective method of the management of risk associated with dam operation. Interpretation of monitoring data is an essential part of the monitoring procedure. The main purpose of data interpretation in dams is the well-timed detection of hazardous conditions. Since numerical modelling such as finite element modelling method (FEM) is based on physical equations, it can provide results that can be converted into diagnosis. The application of the numerical modelling for monitoring data interpretation in earth dams in the view of uncertainties specific for dam operation and monitoring is studied with the purpose of obtaining the interpretation results that will be practically valuable for intervention planning. In this study the application of one of the techniques of numerical model calibration for the series of alternative diagnoses for real dam monitoring data interpretation is presented. For reducing the uncertainty, the probabilistic estimations of the alternative diagnoses were inferred with the use of Bayes’ rule. The technique applied provides a visually clear representation of the possible diagnosis for the practical decision making.
Analysis of the impact of water use and consumption for a nuclear power plant on alterations in the hydrological and temperature regimes of a river: A case study
Authors: Kuznietsov P M , Biedunkova O O , Yaroschuk O V , Pryshchepa A M , Antonyuk O O
Published: December 2024

Hydrological indicators are important in shaping the ecological status and economic potential of surface water bodies. Industrial facilities that consume water can change the hydrological and temperature regimes of water bodies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of water use and consumption for the Rivne Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) on alterations of indicators of the hydrological and temperature regimes of the Styr River. The study revealed patterns of changes and analyzed the hydrological indicators of the Styr River under water use and consumption by the RNPP, and the temperature regime of the Styr River in the RNPP impact zone, revealed patterns of dynamics of water use and consumption for the RNPP, determined the correlation between the Styr River discharge and the RNPP water discharge in the hydrological regime of the Styr River. The range of variability approach was used to assess of the Styr River hydrological alteration in the RNPP impact zone. During the warm seasons of 2019 and 2020, the Styr River experienced periods of low water flow. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.7 – 0.9, R
2 = 0.7623, p <0.0001) was found between water use and consumption at RNPP and the temperature of Styr River water. Additionally, a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.9934, R
2 = 0.9869) was found between the temperature of Styr River water before and after discharge. Furthermore, it is observed that during the warm season, there is an increase in water consumption and discharge costs for RNPP. Thus, the results of the study indicate that there is no impact of RNPP water discharge, and therefore no measures to improve the condition of the Styr River are required.
Risks of the soil foundations stability losses of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra Dormition Cathedral due to the urban activities
Authors: Kril T V , Cherevko I A
Published: December 2024

In the research, the use of numerical analysis of the soil foundations stability losses of Dormition Cathedral, where in the interiors of the II tier northern part, deformations of structural elements have been recorded since 2016, probably caused by uneven settlement of the foundations due to overmoistening. The initial data were the results of constant monitoring of the technical condition of the building, engineering and geological investigations, etc. To determine (confirm) the deformation factors and forecast their activation stabilization, a numerical calculation of the stress-deformation state of the cathedral soil foundations was performed for soils in their natural state and water-saturated state. The calculations of the stress-strain state of the cathedral foundations and the determination of plastic deformation zones were done using the PLAXIS software complex. They showed an increase in deformations in its northeastern part, under the basement premises, in particular for the scenario of flooding of the underground part. According to calculations, the plastic deformations of the base soil and, as a result, the deformations of structural elements are still in the stage of incomplete stabilization in the northern part of the cathedral, in the area where the basement part is located. The deformations extend the entire pile field under the construction of the cathedral, but do not reach the extreme minimum values in 8 cm. The main factor in the activation of deformations is the overmoistening of the soil massif, the impact of blast waves is not excluded (confirmation of which requires vibration monitoring). The direction of improving protection management measures for Dormition Cathedral is proposed.
Prospects for autonomous low-power renewable energy communities
Authors: Veremiichuk Y A , Opryshko V P , Prytyskachand I V , Yarmoliuk O S
Published: December 2024

This article explores strategies for ensuring the autonomous operation of Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) in Ukraine, aligning with the ongoing reform in the country’s energy sector. The reform emphasizes the implementation of promising autonomous decentralized systems, potentially leading to the establishment of RECs. These initiatives aim to incorporate low-capacity sources in providing electricity during autonomous conditions or outages. Examining data on small electricity producers reveals the prevalence of solar power plants, the emergence of micro-hydro plants, and limited representation of wind power. The article also underscores the increasing significance of biogas in electricity production. Furthermore, it explores the formation of RECs as a contemporary decentralized solution, requiring a thorough analysis of sustainability for autonomous operation. The utilization of various generation types in the structure of RES (renewable energy sources) communities enables the adaptation of electricity generation to dynamic conditions, ensuring system resilience in the face of failures or challenges associated with a predominant generation source. The core focus shifts towards optimizing existing hybrid systems encompassing different renewable energy sources. This involves analyzing load and capacity distribution, technological profiles, and integration strategies for RECs into the power grid, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of Ukraine’s energy security. The proposed approach involves mathematical modeling of low-power hybrid renewable systems that derive electricity from RECs. This modeling incorporates generation characteristics, objective functions, and constraints to facilitate multi-criteria decision-making. The results underscore the significance of exploring diverse scenarios and combinations of generating sources, taking into account resource potential, electricity generation variability, operating costs, and other factors. This holistic approach allows for the optimization of the RES community structure, striking a balance between reliability and cost considerations.
Analysis of the current state and the future prospects of renewable energy in heating and cooling systems in Ukraine
Authors: Lysak O V
Published: December 2024

Currently, there is significant focus on the transition to green energy, particularly in achieving climate neutrality. The European Green Deal outlines one of the main approaches in this field, which is being implemented in the EU. As Ukraine aims to become an EU member, it would be beneficial to consider adopting renewable energy solutions, especially in heating and cooling systems, in order to align with the EU’s efforts towards sustainability. The statistical analysis of the field shows that Ukraine’s share of renewable energy is two and a half times less than that of the EU, but it still exceeds that of three EU member states. It is worth noting that the majority of renewable energy for heating in Ukraine is generated by biomass, which is considered less economical and ecological compared to heat pumps. At present, there is a notable interest in increasing the proportion of renewable energy used for heating and cooling, with heat pumps being the primary focus. Various methods are being investigated to facilitate the adoption of heat pumps, including government assistance to reduce system costs and step-to-step realisation in cases of limited financial resources.
Advanced soil improvement methods using DSM and stone columns for reducing settlement in logistics facilities considering construction stages
Authors: Milev Nikolay Yordanov
Published: December 2024

The construction of large-scale logistics facilities often encounters geotechnical challenges, particularly when poor soil conditions threaten the stability and integrity of the structure. This paper investigates advanced soil improvement methods, specifically Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) and stone columns, as solutions for reducing settlement in logistics facilities. The case study focuses on a warehouse and logistics base in the Sofia region of Bulgaria, where a precast reinforced concrete superstructure will cover an area of 66,440 m². Approximately 17,000 m² of the site is underlain by silty clay with poor mechanical properties to a depth of twelve meters, necessitating effective soil stabilization. A detailed analytical solution was performed, considering the history of applying loads and construction phases. By accounting for settlement mobilized during construction and subsequent application of variable loads, this approach avoids over-conservative results typical of applying all loads simultaneously. This study presents a comparative analysis of DSM and stone columns, evaluating their implementation and performance in enhancing soil strength and reducing settlement. The findings demonstrate that both methods significantly improve soil conditions, ensuring the long-term stability and functionality of the logistics facility. This research contributes valuable insights into geotechnical engineering practices for similar large-scale infrastructure projects.
A statement on the ongoing genocide in Gaza
Authors:   The CCC Editorial Collective, Bauer A J , Aouragh Miriyam , Chakravartty Paula , Cowen Deborah , Dixon-Román Ezekiel J , Hochberg Gil , Chávez Karma R , Fenton Natalie , Gago Verónica , Kuo Rachel , Matar Dina , Mohammed Wunpini Fatimata , de Almeida Fernanda Pinto , Roy Srirupa , Sterne Jonathan
Published: December 2024

Communication, Culture and Critique has been the leading venue for critical approaches to communication and media studies. This issue marks the first guided by a newly formed Editorial Collective, which seeks to rekindle the politically engaged scholarship epitomized by the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at Birmingham University in the 1970s, then under the leadership of Stuart Hall. As we assume our responsibility to guide this journal and impact our fields, we would be remiss to ignore the glaring epicenter of the prevailing global order’s efforts to reproduce itself: the State of Israel’s ongoing campaign of genocide against Palestinians in Gaza and its gradual expansion into the West Bank. As scholars of communication, media, culture, and technology, we cannot remain silent nor neutral in the face of livestreamed genocidal violence. We invite scholars of conscience to join us in calls for ceasefire and divestment against Israeli apartheid.
Data mining redefines the timeline and geographic spread of cotton leafroll dwarf virus
Authors: Olmedo-Velarde Alejandro , Shakhzadyan Hayk , Rethwisch Michael , West-Ortiz Michael J. , Waisen Philip , Heck Michelle L.
Published: December 2024

Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV), a threat to the cotton industry, was first reported in the United States (US) as an emergent pathogen in 2017. Phylogenetic analysis supports the hypothesis that US CLRDV strains are genetically distinct from strains in South America and elsewhere, which is not consistent with the hypothesis that the virus is newly introduced into the country. Using database mining, we evaluated the timeline and geographic distribution of CLRDV in the country. We uncovered evidence that shows CLRDV had been in the US for over a decade before its official first report. CLRDV sequences were detected in datasets derived from Mississippi in 2006, Louisiana in 2015, and California in 2018. Additionally, through field surveys of upland cotton in 2023, we confirmed that CLRDV is present in California, which had no prior reports of the virus. Viral sequences from these old and new datasets exhibited high nucleotide identities (>98%) with recently characterized US isolates, and phylogenetic analyses with their homologs placed these sequences within a US-specific clade, further supporting the earlier presence of CLRDV in the country. Moreover, potential new hosts, including another fiber crop, flax, were determined through data mining. Retrospective analysis suggests CLRDV has been present in the US since at least 2006 (Mississippi). Our findings challenge the current understanding of the arrival and spread of CLRDV in the US, highlight the power of data mining for virus discovery, and underscore the need for further investigation into CLRDV's impact on US cotton.
Treatment of Early Pregnancy Loss With Mifepristone and Misoprostol Compared With Misoprostol Only
Authors: Friedman Matan , Mor Liat , Shazar Rotem , Paul Natalie , Kerner Ram , Keidar Ran , Sagiv Ron , Gluck Ohad
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the rates of treatment failure in cases of early pregnancy loss between mifepristone–misoprostol and misoprostol only.

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study included patients who received medical treatment for early pregnancy loss between 2016 and 2023 at a single medical center. Patients returned for a follow-up ultrasonogram after 1 week and were treated again with misoprostol if needed. Finally, they were instructed to obtain an ultrasonogram after menstruation and to return for evaluation in case retained product of conception was suspected. We defined treatment failure as needing any surgical intervention because of retained product of conception, including cases when retained product of conception was diagnosed and treated after menstruation. In May 2022, we changed our protocol for treating early pregnancy loss from misoprostol to mifepristone and misoprostol. We compared the failure rate between patients who received mifepristone–misoprostol and those treated with misoprostol only.

RESULTS:

A total of 999 patients were included: 224 in the mifepristone–misoprostol group and 775 in the misoprostol-only group. The rate of treatment failure was significantly lower in the mifepristone–misoprostol group compared with the misoprostol-only group (17.8% vs 25.1%, P=.002). After multivariant analysis was performed, the use of mifepristone and misoprostol was associated with a reduction of 34% in the odds ratio for treatment failure compared with misoprostol alone (adjusted odds ratio 0.661, 95% CI, 0.44–0.97, P=.038). In addition, prior vaginal delivery was associated with a lower risk for treatment failure, and increasing gestational age (according to ultrasonogram) was correlated with a higher risk for treatment failure.

CONCLUSION:

The addition of mifepristone to misoprostol was associated with a significantly lower rate of treatment failure, including late surgical intervention for early pregnancy loss, compared with misoprostol alone.
Addressing the Menopause Health Needs of Military Service Members
Authors: Brown Jill , Shvartsman Katerina , Bulaklak Jezreelyn , Witkop Catherine , Lutgendorf Monica
Published: December 2024

The menopause transition represents a significant life phase for people assigned female at birth marked by various physical and psychological changes. For military service members and veterans, this transition can be even more complex because of unique factors related to military service. A tradition of excluding women from service before reaching the age of the menopause transition has left the Military Health System unprepared to address the specific health needs of this population. The lack of attention to menopause needs of military service members is evidenced by the absence of menopause-related research in the active-duty population and a dearth of menopause-specific research in the veteran population. White House Executive Order 14120 on Advancing Women's Health Research and Innovation has highlighted the urgent need for focused research and improved health care delivery tailored to the menopause needs of military individuals and veterans. By addressing these gaps, we can better support the health and well-being of military service members in the menopause transition, ultimately improving operational readiness and retention. Because military service members and veterans often rely on the private sector for health care, it is incumbent on all health care professionals and systems to consider their unique health care needs related to midlife and menopause.
Necrotizing Fasciitis in a 9-year-old Girl
Authors: Kattan Abdullah E. , AlQahtani Maha S. , Sultan Faris A. , Alshaalan Sultan F. , Alkhars Hussam F. , Alblawi Housen K. , Al Mulhim Naif A.
Published: December 2024

This report describes a rare case of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) in a previously healthy 9-year-old girl, emphasizing the complexities and urgent needs associated with its diagnosis and treatment in children. NF, a severe soft-tissue infection characterized by rapid progression and often fatal outcomes, presents diagnostic challenges owing to nonspecific initial symptoms such as pain, erythema, and edema. This patient presented to the emergency department with fever, arm redness, and blisters after the initial discharge with antibiotics from another facility. Despite the lack of clear historical indicators for the cause, the clinical and laboratory findings, including a high Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score of 9, led to immediate surgical intervention. Treatment included multiple sessions of surgical debridement and broad-spectrum antibiotics, culminating in successful skin grafting. This case underscores the importance of high clinical suspicion and prompt surgical consultation to manage potential NF, mainly when the initial symptoms may be misleading. This report highlights the critical need for early recognition and aggressive treatment to improve the prognosis of pediatric cases of NF.
Fat Embolism Fatalities Following Liposuction/Injection in Los Angeles County (2010–2018)
Authors: Rogers Christopher , Astarita Denis , Sathyavagiswaran Lakshmanan , Pazmiño Patrick , Ramírez-Montañana Arturo
Published: December 2024

One complication of autologous fat transfer into the buttocks (cosmetic injection of fat into the gluteal region) is inadvertent fat embolization. In 2015, our office published a case of macro fat/adipose tissue embolization following fat transfer surgery. Between 2010 and 2018, we had six additional cases of macro/micro fat embolism that caused death. Professional associations and plastic surgeons have recommended ways to avoid fat embolism during fat transfer. In our experience, the risk of fat embolism has decreased in Los Angeles in recent years. Our office has had only one case since 2018 where an unlicensed individual performed the procedure. However, fat embolism is still possible in cases where professional recommendations are not followed. We recommend that the evaluation of possible fat embolus cases include full autopsy with gluteal dissection, microscopic examination of intravascular fat, review of medical and anesthesia records, including whether ultrasound was used during fat grafting, toxicological examination of specimens taken as close to the time of arrest as possible, and anesthesiology consultation.
Invasion in Advanced Gastric Cancer Based on Enhanced Computer Tomography Radiomics Nomogram
Authors: Wang Fan , Hou Qiang , Jiao Junxia , Cheng Huacai , Cui Qiang
Published: December 2024

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of an enhanced computed tomography (CT) radiomics nomogram in predicting preoperative lymphovascular invasion (LVI) or perineural invasion (PNI) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC).

Materials and Methods

Data from 149 patients with GC from our hospital (January 2019 to December 2022) were analyzed. High throughput radiomics features were extracted from manually delineated volumes of interest on enhanced CT venous phase images. Optimal features were identified using intraclass correlation coefficient analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Models were constructed using the radiomics score (Rad-score), the above features, and independent risk factors. Performance was assessed via the receiver operating characteristic, decision curve analysis and calibration curves.

Results

Eight radiomics features were deemed essential. Factors including history of alcohol consumption (P = 0.029), peritumor fatty infiltration (P = 0.046), degree of enhancement (P = 0.012), and Rad-score (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of LVI/PNI. The radiomics nomogram, which integrated these factors, showed superior prediction (the training group: area under the curve [AUC] = 0.917; the validation group: AUC = 0.925) compared with other models.

Conclusion

The enhanced CT radiomics nomogram offers robust preoperative prediction for LVI/PNI in patients with GC.
Intralesional Copper Wire or Needle Retention in Vascular Anomalies. A Systematic Review
Authors: Todaro Mattia , Saponaro Gianmarco , Moix Gil Xavier , Ascani Giuliano , Gasparini Giulio , Azzuni Francesca , Lajolo Carlo , Moro Alessandro
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The management of vascular anomalies has evolved from primarily surgical approaches to a comprehensive strategy including sclerotherapy, surgery for specific cases, compression, and laser therapy, which are not always successful. An intriguing, though less common, treatment involves using intralesional copper wires/needles. The authors' aim is to evaluate the role of intralesional copper wires/needles in the treatment of vascular anomalies.

Methods:

A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for all papers dealing with the use of copper wires or needles for vascular malformations, using the search strings: (copper wire vascular malformation OR copper needle and vascular malformation OR percutaneous copper needles OR percutaneous copper wires).

Results:

Nine articles were identified and used for analysis. Most studies were case series with short follow-up periods and lacked an objective and systematic evaluation score.

Conclusions:

Copper wire therapy shows considerable promise as a treatment for vascular anomalies, offering significant benefits in terms of cost-effectiveness and safety. However, the current research is limited, necessitating further studies to establish standardized protocols and optimize therapeutic outcomes. This therapy holds the potential as a valuable addition to the range of treatments available for vascular anomalies.
Optimizing Osteotomy Techniques: Comparison of Conventional Rotary Instruments Versus Other Bone Cutting Devices
Authors: Fiorillo Luca , Puleio Francesco , Nucera Riccardo , Lo Giudice Roberto , Lo Giudice Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Osteotomy procedures can be performed using conventional rotary instruments or piezoelectric surgery. Each technique has distinct advantages and disadvantages regarding surgical precision, patient outcomes, and recovery. To systematically review the literature comparing conventional rotary instruments and piezoelectric surgery in osteotomy procedures. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were systematically searched. Studies were included if they compared outcomes of conventional rotary instruments and piezoelectric surgery in osteotomy. Data on postoperative pain, swelling, surgical time, and other relevant outcomes were extracted. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicated no significant difference in postoperative swelling between the 2 techniques, whereas piezoelectric surgery was associated with reduced postoperative pain and improved tissue integration but required longer surgical times. Piezoelectric surgery shows potential benefits over conventional rotary instruments in specific contexts but requires longer operative times.
Early and concomitant administration of norepinephrine and ilomedin improves microcirculatory perfusion without impairing macrocirculation in an intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury swine model : a randomized experimental trial
Authors: Bar Stéphane , Diaper John , Fontao Fabienne , Belin Xavier , Abrard Stanislas , Albu Gergely , Dupont Hervé , Habre Walid , Schiffer Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Background

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with both macrocirculatory and microcirculatory failure. Association of a vasoconstrictor in combination with a vasodilator such as ilomedin may improve macrocirculation parameters, microcirculation perfusion and reduce endothelial dysfunction. The primary objective was to demonstrate a difference in mean arterial pressure (MAP) after intestinal reperfusion with the concomitant administration of norepinephrine and ilomedin during ischemia compared with traditional hemodynamic treatment strategies (fluid resuscitation and vasopressors only). Secondary objectives were to demonstrate an improvement in peripheral and intestinal microcirculatory perfusion and endothelial dysfunction after intestinal reperfusion using this association.

Methods

We conducted a randomized preclinical trial in twenty-one large white pigs, in which a 2-hour small bowel ischemia was performed using a segmental mesenteric occlusion model, followed by a 2-hour reperfusion. Pigs were randomized into 3 groups: goal directed fluid therapy, early administration of norepinephrine before reperfusion and early administration of ilomedin and norepinephrine before reperfusion. Macrocirculatory (MAP and Cardiac Index (CI)), microcirculatory (Sublingual with SideStream Dark Field system and intestinal hemoglobin oxygen saturation with hyperspectral imaging (HSI)) measurements and biological analysis (biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction) were performed.

Results

There were no significant differences in the MAP (p = 0.499) and the CI (p = 0.659) between the 3 groups. Perfused Vessel Density (PVD) in sublingual microcirculation was significantly higher immediately after reperfusion and 2 hours after reperfusion in the early administration of ilomedin and norepinephrine group compared with the other 2 groups (p < 0.05). Hemoglobin oxygen saturation measured at the intestinal level was significantly higher immediately after reperfusion in the early administration of ilomedin and norepinephrine group compared with the other 2 groups (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction between the 3 groups. Creatinine, AST and alkaline phosphatases increased significantly 2 hours after reperfusion in the early administration of ilomedin and norepinephrine group compared with baseline (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Early administration of norepinephrine and ilomedin during ischemia improved short-term post-reperfusion sublingual and intestinal microcirculation without worsening macrocirculatory parameters in an intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury model. However, use of this strategy seemed to worsen both liver and kidney function.
Surgical Insight-guided Deep Learning for Colorectal Lesion Management
Authors: Tatar Ozan Can , Çubukçu Anil
Published: December 2024

Background:

Colonoscopy stands as a pivotal diagnostic tool in identifying gastrointestinal diseases, including potentially malignant tumors. The procedure, however, faces challenges in the precise identification of lesions during visual inspections. The recent strides in AI and machine learning technologies have opened avenues for enhanced medical imaging analysis, including in the field of colonoscopy.

Methods:

In this study, we developed and evaluated a deep learning (DL) model, ColoNet, for detecting lesions in colonoscopic images. We analyzed 1760 images from 306 patients who underwent colorectal surgery between 2009 and 2022, meeting specific inclusion criteria. These images were used to train and validate ColoNet, employing the YOLOv8 architecture and various data augmentation techniques. Deep learning metrics are assessed via YOLO architecture and trained model diagnostic accuracy was assessed via sensitivity, specifity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.

Results:

Our results from the validation dataset revealed a precision of 0.79604, a recall of 0.78086, an mAP50 of 0.83243, and an mAP50-95 of 0.4439. In addition, on a separate real-time dataset of 91 images consisting both healthy and suspect lesions, ColoNet achieved a sensitivity of 70.73%, specificity of 92.00%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 87.88%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 79.31%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 8.84 and 0.32, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 82.42%.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, our model has demonstrated promising results, indicating its potential as a valuable tool to assist surgeons during colonoscopy procedures. Its ability to detect suspicious lesions with potential malignancy offers a noteworthy advancement in the early diagnosis and management of colorectal cancers. Further multicentric, prospective research and validation are warranted to fully realize its clinical applicability and impact.
Factors Affecting Liver Function Abnormalities After Laparoscopic Esophageal Hiatal Hernia Repair
Authors: Wu Jin , Feng Hao , Wang Zhen-Yuan , Li Jie
Published: December 2024

Objective:

In this study, we investigated the factors related to abnormal liver function in patients undergoing laparoscopic esophageal hiatal hernia repair.

Methods:

The clinical data of 347 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic esophageal hiatal hernia repair at Beijing Chao-yang Hospital of Capital Medical University between January 2018 and November 2023 were retrospectively collected. The patients comprised 131 males and 216 females, ranging in age from 24 to 87 years, and were assessed using the ASA grading system between grades I and III. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of liver function abnormalities on the first day after surgery: a normal liver function group (NLA group) and an abnormal liver function group (LA group). Patients with elevation in any of the following indicators were included in the LA group: alanine aminotransferase >40 U/L, glutamine aminotransferase >40 U/L, γ-glutamyltransferase >49 U/L, alkaline phosphatase >135 U/L, total bilirubin >17.1 μmol/L, or direct bilirubin >6.8 μmol/L. The clinical data of the 2 groups of patients were compared, and only the indicators with a P-value <0.15 were included in a binary logistic regression model analysis.

Results:

There were 238 patients (68.6%) who developed liver function abnormalities on the first postoperative day. In comparison to the NLA group, the LA group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with esophageal hiatal hernia type II, type III, and type IV, hypotension, and high PETCO2. Furthermore, the LA group had a significantly lower proportion of patients receiving blood transfusions. The maximum length and maximum cross-sectional area of the esophageal hiatal hernia were also significantly larger in the LA group. In addition, the operation time was significantly longer in the LA group. (all P-values are <0.15). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that prolonged operation time (OR=1.017, 95% CI: 1.007-1.028) was the only risk factor associated with postoperative liver function abnormalities.

Conclusions:

The sole risk factor for postoperative liver function abnormalities was prolonged surgical time.
Anti-Interleukin-23 Treatment Linked to ImprovedClostridioides difficileInfection Survival
Authors: Madden Gregory R. , Preissner Robert , Preissner Saskia , Petri William A.
Published: December 2024

Clostridioides difficileis a leading cause of healthcare associated infection and an unacceptably high proportion of patients withC. difficileinfection die despite conventional antibiotic treatment. Host-directed immunotherapy has been proposed as an ideal treatment modality forC. difficileinfection to mitigate the underlying toxin-mediated pathogenic immune response while sparing protective gut microbes. Interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody inhibitors are used extensively to control pro-inflammatory Th17 immune pathways in psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease that are similarly important duringC. difficileinfection. We used a large retrospective electronic health record database to test the hypothesis that hospitalized patients withC. difficileinfection who are on anti-IL-23 treatment will have improved survival compared to patients without anti-IL-23. 9,301 anti-IL-23 patients had significantly lower probability of all-cause death within 30 days (0.54%) compared with 1:1 propensity-matched control patients (3.1%). IL-23 inhibition is a promising adjunct toC. difficiletreatment and further clinical trials repositioning anti-IL-23 monoclonal antibodies from psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease toC. difficileinfection are warranted.
Validation of the Teamwork Perceptions Survey in the Operating Theatre
Authors: Fahey Kathryn H. , Weller Jennifer M. , Long Jennifer Anne
Published: December 2024

Background

Teamwork is recognised as a vital factor in patient safety, and as such we need valid measurement tools to drive change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the Teamwork Perceptions Survey as a measure of staff perceptions of the functional and relational components of teamwork and leadership in the operating theatre.

Methods

The authors developed a 24-item questionnaire, aligned with the goals of a national team training intervention. The Teamwork Perceptions Survey was administered to New Zealand public hospital operating theatre staff before and after a hospital commencing the intervention. These scores were used to explore the psychometric properties of the tool, using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Results

2409 (1233 pre- and 176 post-intervention respondents) completed the Teamwork Perceptions Survey. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 3 factors (6 items, communication and shared mental model; 6 items, leadership and role modelling; 5 items, trust and accountability) and resulted in dropping 5 redundant items. The final 17-item, three factor solution was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, revealing satisfactory goodness of fit. Cronbach’s alpha was high for the full survey (α= 0.947), and each subscale (communication,α= 0.887; leadership, 6 items,α= 0.911; trust,α= 0.872).

Conclusions

These data provide evidence to support the validity and reliability of the Teamwork Perceptions Survey as a measure of staff perceptions of teamwork and leadership in the operating theatre. This new measurement tool for the functional and relational components of teamwork and leadership in the operating theatre has the potential for both measuring and driving quality improvement initiatives in teamwork and patient safety.

What is already known on this topic– Whilst there are a number of established teamwork measurement tools, many completed by an external observer, or do not adequately address the unique operating theatre environment.

What this study adds– This study supports the validity and reliability of a new measure of staff perceptions of the functional and relational components of teamwork and leadership in the operating theatre. It fills a previous gap in available measures in that it is self-completed and is designed for the operating theatre environment.

How this study might affect research, practice or policy– The Teamwork Perceptions Survey has the potential for both measuring and driving quality improvement initiatives in teamwork and patient safety in surgical practice.
EOR-1/PLZF-regulated WAH-1/AIF sequentially promotes early and late stages of non-apoptotic corpse removal
Authors: Rather Nathan , Williams Melvin , Elkhalil Aladin , Juanez Karen , Sharmin Rashna , Clark Ginger , Shaham Shai , Ghose Piya
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a crucial, genetically-encoded, and evolutionarily-conserved process required for development and homeostasis. We previously identified a genetically non-apoptotic, highly ordered, and stereotyped killing program called Compartmentalized Cell Elimination (CCE) in theC. eleganstail-spike epithelial cell (TSC). Here we identify the transcription factor EOR-1/PLZF as an important coordinator of CCE. Loss of EOR-1 results in a large, persisting, un-engulfed soma with enlarged nuclei. We find that EOR-1 and its partners positively regulate the transcription of the Apoptosis Inducing Factor AIF homolog, WAH-1/AIF. We report stereotyped and sequential spatiotemporal dynamics of WAH-1/AIF1 during phagocytosis, with defined roles acting early and late, within the dying cells. Mitochondria to plasma membrane translocation within the TSC soma is required its internalization by its phagocyte, and plasma membrane to nuclear translocation is required for DNA degradation and ultimately, corpse resolution. Our study suggests that EOR-1 serves as a master regulator for the transcriptional control of DNA degradation is essential for changes in nuclear morphology required for cellular dismantling and infers that tight spatiotemporal regulation of WAH-1/AIF is required for this function.

Summary Statement

This work describes the genetic control and cellular dynamics of a factor linked to cancer, metabolic and degenerative disease acting in developmentally dying cells to instruct their own removal.