bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Toxological Profile of the Agrotoxic Acid 2,4 Dichlophenoxyacetic in Fleischmann® Yeast
Authors: Tavares Debora Sarabia , Mueller Larissa Pires , Santos Maria do Socorro Mascarenhas , Batistote Margareth
Published: August 2022

Pesticides are chemical substances used to ensure crop productivity. However, they can cause numerous consequences for the environment. As the 2,4-D, which even when applied with control can cause great environmental changes, because when dispersed in the environment, it reaches the different compartments of the ecosystem. Organisms absorb these substances and with bioaccumulation, deleterious effects occur that are difficult to detect, requiring test organisms that offer rapid responses. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effect of the 2,4 D pesticide on the yeast Fleischmann® and verify its application as a possible bioindicator organism. Cytotoxicity assays were performed through cell growth, using 2,4-D at concentrations (2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 µg L-1) in which the yeast FLE was incubated and at times (30, 60 and 90 min) 5µL aliquots were dropped into 96-well plates and incubated at 30°C for 72 hours. Genotoxicity was evaluated by the comet assay method and the results were presented according to the levels of DNA damage. The toxic action of the 2,4-D compound was verified at all concentrations analyzed, and within 90 min there was a greater inhibition of cell growth. The comet assay showed a greater amount of DNA damage in the yeast FLE at the concentration of 6 µg L-1. Yeast FLE showed potential to be used as a bioindicator of chemical compounds in environmental analysis.
Antropoceno e a Consciência Artística Global: Do Paleolítico à Sabedoria Ancestral da Floresta Amazônica
Authors: Lousa Teresa , Mikosz José Eliézer
Published: August 2022

As artes têm um papel decisivo nos debates sobre o Antropoceno: estas revelam a consciência de mais uma crise causada pelo humano, pondo a nu a decepção com a ordem civilizacional. A arte paleolítica já trazia uma consciência humilde e grata do humano face à grandiosidade dos animais e da natureza. No mundo contemporâneo a arte que recebe uma influência indígena e xamânica, com uma linguagem que mais do que trazer à colação questões como destruição e extinção, oferecem uma dimensão de beleza e harmonia com o cosmos, uma esperança de abertura a uma consciência verdadeiramente humanizada, exerce uma crítica consciente ao Antropoceno. Testemunha deste fenómeno é a popularização global da ayahuasca, que saindo das florestas da América Latina para os grandes centros da Europa e da América do Norte tem inspirado muitos artistas, proporcionando um debate artístico-político que coloca em relação a ecologia, a harmonia cósmica e a pluralidade cultural.
Research Progress on Small Molecules Inhibitors Targeting TRK
Kinases
Authors: Liu Ju , Zhang Yadong , Zhu Yan , Tian Lu , Tang Mingrui , Shen Jiwei , Chen Ye , Ding Shi
Published: August 2022

Background:

Trk gene fusions are an important driver in the development of cancers, including secretory breast cancer and infantile congenital sarcoma. Since the first-generation of small molecule Trk inhibitors (Larotrectinib and Entrectinib) came to market, research on small molecule TRK inhibitors, especially second-generation inhibi-tors that break through the resistance problem, has developed rapidly. Therefore, this arti-cle focuses on the research progress of first-generation drugs and second-generation drugs that break through drug resistance.

Methods:

We used the database to search for relevant and cutting-edge documents, and then filtered and selected them based on the content. The appropriate articles were ana-lyzed and classified, and finally, the article was written according to the topics.

Result:

The phenomenon of Trk protein fusion and its relation to tumors are described, followed by an explanation of the composition and signaling pathways of Trk kinases. The representative Trk inhibitors and the development of novel Trk inhibitors are classi-fied according to whether they overcome drug resistance problems.

Conclusion:

This paper provides a theoretical reference for the development of novel in-hibitors by introducing and summarizing the representative and novel Trk inhibitors that break through the drug resistance problem.
The Role of miRNAs in Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Macvanin Mirjana , Obradovic Milan , Zafirovic Sonja , Stanimirovic Julijana , Isenovic Esma R.
Published: August 2022

Metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance
are characterized by glucose and lipid metabolism alterations and represent a global
health problem. Many studies have established the crucial role of micro-ribonucleic
acids (miRNAs) in controlling metabolic processes in various tissues. miRNAs are single-
stranded, highly conserved non-coding RNAs containing 20-24 oligonucleotides that
are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. miRNAs mainly interact through base pairing
with 3' untranslated regions of target gene mRNAs to promote inhibition of their translation.
miRNAs regulate the expression of as many as 30% of the human genes and have a
role in crucial physiological processes such as human growth and development, cell proliferation,
apoptosis, and metabolism. The number of miRNA molecules with a confirmed
role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is quickly expanding due to the
availability of high-throughput methodologies for their identification. In this review, we
present recent findings regarding the role of miRNAs as endocrine signaling molecules
involved in the regulation of insulin production and fat metabolism. We discuss the potential
of extracellular miRNAs present in biological fluids miRNAs as biomarkers for the
prediction of diabetes and MetS. We also give an updated overview of therapeutic interventions
based on antisense oligonucleotides and the CRISPR/Cas9 editing platform for
manipulating levels of miRNAs involved in metabolic disorders.
Role of Long Non-Coding RNA in Regulating ER Stress Response to the
Progression of Diabetic Complications
Authors: Ramkumar Kunka Mohanram , Vijayalalitha Ramanarayanan , Archita TCA , Juanitaa George Raj , Jayasuriya Ravichandran , Amin Karan Naresh
Published: August 2022

Chronic hyperglycemia damages the nerves, blood vessels, culminating in other vascular complications. Such complications enhance cytokine, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER is the primary organelle where proteins are synthesised and attains confirmatory changes before its site of destination. Perturbation of ER homeostasis activates signaling sensors within its lumen, the unfolded protein response (UPR) that orchestrates ER stress and is extensively studied. Increased ER stress markers are reported in diabetic complications in addition to lncRNA that acts as an upstream marker inducing ER stress response. This review focuses on the mechanisms of lncRNA that regulate ER stress markers, especially during the progression of diabetic complications. Through this systemic review, we showcase the dysfunctional lncRNAs that acts as a leading cause of ER stress response on the progression of diabetic complications.
Sevoflurane Post-treatment Mitigates Oxygen-glucose Deprivationinduced
Pyroptosis of Hippocampal Neurons by Regulating the
Mafb/DUSP14 Axis
Authors: Chen Chen , Zuo Jianwei , Zhang Huimei
Published: August 2022

Background:

Ischemic brain injury often results in irreversible pyroptosis of neurons.
Sevoflurane (Sevo) post-treatment exerts an alleviative role in neuroinflammation.

Objectives:

This work evaluated the mechanism of Sevo post-treatment in oxygen-glucose deprivation
(OGD)-induced pyroptosis of rat hippocampal neurons.

Methods:

Rat hippocampal neuron cell line H19-7 cells were treated with OGD, followed by posttreatment
of 2% Sevo. The expression patterns of Mafb ZIP Transcription Factor B (Mafb) and dual-
specificity phosphatase 14 (DUSP14) were determined via quantitative real-time polymerase
chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting methods. H19-7 cell viability and the release of
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were examined via the cell counting kit-8 and LDH assay kits. Levels
of pyroptosis-related proteins and cytokines NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3
(NLRP3), N-term cleaved Gasdermin-D (GSDMD-N), cleaved-caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and
IL-18 were also examined. The binding relation between Mafb and the DUSP14 promoter was detected.
Besides, the roles of Mafb/DUSP14 in OGD-induced pyroptosis of rat hippocampal neurons
were investigated through functional rescue experiments.

Results:

Mafb and DUSP14 expression levels were decreased in OGD-induced hippocampal neurons.
Sevo post-treatment up-regulated Mafb and DUSP14, facilitated H19-7 cell viability, inhibited
LDH release, and reduced levels of NLRP3, GSDMD-N, cleaved-caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. Mafb
increased DUSP14 expression via binding to the DUSP14 promoter. Repressing Mafb or DUSP14
exacerbated pyroptosis of hippocampal neurons.

Conclusion:

Sevo post-treatment increased Mafb and DUSP14 expressions, which repressed OGDinduced
pyroptosis of hippocampal neurons.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Epidemic and Testing in the
Czech Republic in 2020
Authors: Carlos Sekera Jan , Ladislav Machala , Dagmar Dzúrová
Published: August 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic determines the functioning of the healthcare system. The epidemic of HIV infection depends heavily on the effectiveness of the health system and its ability to test and deliver prevention and treatment.This study aims to determine the consequences of this pandemic on the development of HIV infection testing in the Czech Republic.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study analyzed data for two infectious diseases, HIV (2020 and 2015–2019) and COVID-19 (2020), in the Czech Republic. For the statistical comparison of 2020 with the earlier period, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and Poisson regression methods were used. Monthly HIV and COVID-19 indicators for 2020 were analyzed using correlation analysis. Results and Discussion: A significant difference was observed only in April (IRR = 0.81; p = 0.046) and July (IRR = 1.27; p = 0.023) between the number of HIV tests performed in each month in 2020 and the control period (average for the same months of the period 2015–2019).Significant differences between the observed periods were further identified for testing reasons. Correlation analysis of the number of tests performed on HIV and COVID-19 after 2020 showed a negative relationship (r = -0.261, p = 0.412).

Conclusion:

The study did not confirm statistically significant differences between the number of HIV tests performed in the pandemic year 2020 compared to the previous period, except for two months. The incidence and number of newly diagnosed cases did not differ statistically significantly from previous years (2015–2019).
Hydrophobically Modified Abelmoschus esculentus Polysaccharide Based
Nanoparticles and Applications: A Review
Authors: Upadhyay Prashant , Agarwal Shivani , Upadhyay Sukirti
Published: August 2022

Nanomaterials are indeed a nanoscale technology that deals with the creation, evaluation,
fabrication, and utilization of systems at the nanometre scale by manipulating their size and shape. We
consider natural polysaccharides such as promising polysaccharides, which are biodegradable, nontoxic,
abundant, and inexpensive bio-polymeric precursors for preparing the materials of choice in various
industries. The aim is to review different methods to produce hydrophobically modified Abelmoschus
esculentus nanoparticles and study the evaluation processes of these nanoparticles as given in
the literature. It proved the benefits of derivatives of gum by introducing different chemical groups.
The chemical functionalization of gum mainly includes the esterification, etherification, and crosslinking
reactions of the hydroxyl groups and contains a special fibre which takes sugar levels in the
blood under control, providing a sugar quantity suitable for the bowels. Okra contains mucilage that
helps remove poisonous chemicals and bad cholesterol, often overloads the liver. Recovering from
psychological conditions, like depression, general weakness, and joint healthiness can be done with
Okra. Someone additionally applied it for pulmonary inflammation, bowel irritation, and sore throat.
Purgative properties okra possesses are beneficial for bowel purification. It is used to counteract the
acids. Fibre okra contains a valuable nutrient for intestinal microorganisms and ensures proper intestine
functionality. It also protects the mucosa of the digestive tract by covering them with an extra layer
because of its alkaline nature. Nanotechnology has emerged as a critical component of pharmaceutics,
with many applications in drug carriers of interest aimed at improving drug clinical outcomes
such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, wound care management, atopic dermatitis, cosmeceutical, etc. Beneficial
outcomes of this review are discussed briefly.
Correlation between Abdominal Obesity and Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Leila Rouached , Rawdha Tekaya , Aicha Ben Tekaya , Olfa Saidane , Selma Bouden , Ines Mahmoud , Leila Abdelmoula
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Obesity is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis. The influence of abdominal obesity is not well studied. We proposed to determine the relationship between total abdominal obesity, pain, and functional impairment with the severity of radiographic changes in knee osteoarthritis.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study including 92 patients with knee pain was performed. The evalua-tion of degree of pain in the knee was assessed by the visual analogue scale and the functional im-pairment by WOMAC and Lequesne indices. Radiographic severity was assessed by Kellgren and Lawrence score (KL score).

Results:

Mean age of patients was 55.2 years (19-86), with a predominance of women (80.4% of patients). Mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.66 kg/m2 (18.5-49.97). Obesity was found in 53 pa-tients (57.6%). The average waist circumference (WC) was 102.82 (± 15.51) centimeters. Ab-dominal obesity was found in 80 patients (87%). Patients had a mean visual analogue scale (VAS) of 18 ± 23.24 mm. The average algofunctionnal Lequesne score was 8.95 (0-23), and the WOMAC score was 26.82 (0-69). Fifty percent of patients had stage 3 of OA according to KL score. We found no association between BMI and intensity of knee pain (p = 0.278), but WC was significantly associated with the elevation of VAS (p = 0.008). Physical function was positively correlated with BMI and WC (p = 0.001). Finally, BMI and WC were significantly associated with radiographic se-verity (grade 1-2 of KL vs. grade 3-4 of KL) (respectively, p = 0.001; p = 0.017).

Conclusion:

Both obesity and abdominal obesity are independently associated with pain, disability, and radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis.
Response Shift as a Possible Obstacle in Assessing Perceived Quality
of Life and Burden of Care in Informal Caregivers of Individuals
with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Völker Jes Sebastian , Micluția Ioana V. , Hanga Adela-Melania
Published: August 2022

Abstrtact:

Schizophrenia is one of the most common and devastating mental disorders. Due to
the possibility of relatively robust control over clinical symptoms, the focus of care for schizophrenia
patients has shifted from institutionalized to community-based outpatient treatment
options. While this change in paradigm allows affected individuals to socialize and take part in
everyday activities, it has also increased the burden on family caregivers. At the same time, the
interpretation of self-reported quality of life scores can be challenging due to known influencing
factors like changes in internal standards, values, and goals. We present the theory of response
shift as an adaptive mechanism that summarizes these complex changes and explains
the seemingly contradicting long-term findings regarding quality of life ratings in informal
caregivers.
This state-of-the-art narrative review was undertaken to give an overview of the most critical
factors that negatively impact the quality of life of caregivers and to summarize the current
evidence, if any, of the response shifts in nonprofessional family caregivers. To our knowledge
it is the first time that response shift and its impact on the quality of life in family caregivers of
patients is reviewed in this way.
COVID-19 Anxiety and Washing Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms:
Stress Coping Styles as a Mediator
Authors: Joekar Sanaz , Zanjani Zahra , Jandaghian Maryam , Alvani Seyed Reza , Ghorbani Vajiheh
Published: August 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people's psychological functioning, including how the cope with anxiety. This study aimed to assess the role of coping styles on the relationship of COVID-19 anxiety and Washing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (W-OCD) symptoms.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was performed on 420 people living in Kashan city (Iran) from March to April 2020. Participants were selected by the convenience sampling method due to the difficulties brought about by COVID-19 and completed the contamination subscale of Padua Inventory, Covid-19 anxiety inventory, and coping strategies scale. Data was analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS- 22.

Results:

The results revealed that emotion focused, somatization and social support coping strategies were significantly associated with W-OCD symptoms. Also, there was a significant correlation between the Covid-19 anxiety with the W-OCD symptoms. SEM result revealed that emotion focused and somatization coping strategies positively mediated the relationship between COVID-19 and W-OCD symptoms.

Conclusion:

Emotion focused and somatization coping strategies increase W-OCD symptoms following COVID-19 anxiety. Psycho education interventions addressing COVID-19's physical and psychological impacts on health, discriminating the rational and adaptive behavior and obsessive and compulsive behaviors, restricting the information gathering from numerous sources which may lead to increased negative emotions might be helpful.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Leprosy: Shedding Light on the Neurodegenerative Consequences
Authors: Santos Dilvani Oliveira
Published: August 2022

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae or
Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Dermal tissue macrophages and Schwann cells from
peripheral nerves are the main host cells for the pathogen. The clinical manifestations
of this disease depend basically on the host’s immune response to M. leprae. However,
genes relevant to both innate and adaptive immune responses also seem to contribute to
leprosy acquisition and to determine its clinical forms. The crucial clinical problem in
leprosy is represented by episodes of intense inflammation. They represent a major
problem in the course of leprosy, as reactional episodes can be responsible for
permanent damage to nerves, causing deformities. Among bacterial pathogens,
infection of peripheral nerves is a unique property of M. leprae. The intensity of the
inflammatory reaction in response to tissue damage caused by pathogens is strongly
associated with mitochondria and their respective mitochondrial DNA, since this
organelle and its constituents act as potent ligands for several innate immunity
receptors. In this chapter, we will first describe the general context of leprosy and its
various clinical forms, diagnosis and treatment, highlighting episodes of acute
inflammatory response during this pathology and, finally, we will outline some cellular
mechanisms that lead to neurodegenerative consequences in leprosy. The literature
partially attributes these to cytokines and, mainly, to TNF-α, as well as to changes in
mitochondrial dynamics, especially mitochondrial DNA, when mitochondrial
dysfunction seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of neuritis in leprosy.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and the Immuno-inflammatory Response Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: the Role of Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Medeiros Thalia , Xavier Analúcia Rampazzo , Alice Silva Andrea
Published: August 2022

In 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in China and had
rapidly spread across the world. Its associated disease, coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19), has led to millions of deaths in 2020-2021. Studies have been
demonstrating that SARS-CoV-2 induces a systemic hyperinflammatory state, which is
associated with a decreased cytotoxic capacity and impaired Type I interferon (IFN)
response. Moreover, iron dysfunction/hyperferritinemia in association with
hyperinflammation leads to oxidative stress and apoptosis. Altogether, these cellular
events contribute to COVID-19 severity. In viral infections, systemic and cellular
alterations can promote mitochondrial dysfunction. In this regard, dysfunctional
mitochondria can trigger the immune response, leading to the release of mitochondrial
damage-associated molecular patterns, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and
reactive oxygen species (mtROS). mtDNA is known to promote a beneficial antiviral
response; however, sustained nocive stimuli, such as SARS-CoV-2, could turn this
response into oxidative stress and exacerbated inflammation leading to tissue injury. In
addition, mtDNA can be released into the extracellular space and induce a
proinflammatory state in neighboring cells. Here, we highlight the potential role of
mtDNA as an important marker of hyperinflammation in the progress of COVID-19.
Furthermore, we briefly discuss the role of mtROS and its interactions with the
mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS), which can also contribute to COVID-19
immunopathogenesis.
Ergenlerde Pozitif Psikoloji Temelli Müdahalenin Ruh Sağlığı ve İyilik Hali Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: ARSLAN Gökmen , KELEŞ Anıl , GENC Emel
Published: August 2022

Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar pozitif psikoloji temelli müdahalelerin ruh sağlı ve iyilik hali üzerindeki etkisine sıkça vurgu yapmaktadır. Ergenler için ruh sağlığını koruyucu etkenler arasında okulun önemli bir yeri vardır. Bu çalışma ile okul ortamında pozitif psikoloji temelli müdahale programının geliştirilip, ergen ruh sağlığını ve iyilik halinin desteklenmesi ve psikolojik sağlamlığın güçlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 13-15 yaş aralığında bulunan 36 ortaokul öğrencisiyle, ön-test – son-test kontrol gruplu deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Deney grubunda bulunan 18 öğrenciye 8 hafta boyunca pozitif psikoloji temelli okul müdahale programı uygulanmış, kontrol grubuna ise herhangi bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Programdan önce ve program sonrasında Çocuk ve Genç Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği, Sosyal-Duygusal Sağlık Ölçeği ve Genç İçselleştirilmiş Davranışlar Ölçeği uygulanarak, programın etkililiği kovaryans analizi (ANCOVA) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre, iyilik halinin bileşenlerinden olan psikolojik sağlamlık, minnettarlık, iyimserlik ve yaşam coşkusunun deney grubundaki öğrencilerde kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere göre daha yüksek olduğu ve depresyon ve kaygı belirtilerinin deney grubundaki öğrencilerde daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları okul odaklı pozitif psikoloji uygulamalarının çocuk ve ergenlerin ruh sağlığı gelişimini desteklemede faydalı olduğu göstermiştir. Bu tarz müdahale programlarının, öğrencilerin davranış gelişimini zenginleştirebileceği, problemler karşısında etkin çözümler üretmesini destekleyebileceği, riskli durumlar karşısında kendisini koruyabilmesine ve yaşamdan doyum almasına katkı sunabileceği düşünülmektedir.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR DAN UPAYA DALAM MENANGANI STRESS PADA DOKTER DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Syahidah Sumayyah Nurul
Published: August 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di berbagai belahan dunia sangat berdampak pada kerja dokter dan tenaga kesehatan lainnya. Kasus aktif yang terus merangkak naik mengakibatkan para dokter yang terlibat langsung menangani pasien beresiko mengalami stress saat bekerja. Stress yang dirasakan diakibatkan oleh banyak faktor internal dan eksternal. Tujuan tinjauan sistematis adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab dan usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk menangani stress pada dokter di tengah pandemi. Pencarian data basis sistematis menggunakan Springer Link, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, dan Mendeley. Kata kunci untuk mencari penelitian yang relevan antara lain: â€œStresâ€ dan â€œDokterâ€ dan â€œCovid-19â€; â€œStresâ€ dan â€œTenaga kesehatanâ€ dan â€œCovid-19â€; â€œPsikologisâ€ dan â€œCovid-19â€ dan â€œDokterâ€; â€œTenaga kesehatanâ€ dan â€œCovid-19â€ dan Psikologisâ€; â€œCovid-19â€ dan â€œStressâ€ dan â€œPhysiciansâ€; â€œCovid-19â€ dan â€œStressâ€ dan â€œDoctorâ€;Â  â€œCovid-19â€ dan â€œImpactâ€ dan â€œStressâ€; â€œCovid-19â€ dan â€œPsychologicalâ€ dan â€œImpactâ€ dan â€œDoctorâ€; â€œPsychologicalâ€ dan â€œStressâ€ dan â€œDoctor.â€
Revisión del estado actual de las formulaciones y aplicaciones de astaxantina producida por Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Ariza Hernández Valeria , Garzón Pulido Michel Camila , Camacho Kurmen Judith Elena
Published: August 2022

La astaxantina es un pigmento carotenoide ampliamente reconocido por sus propiedades antioxidantes y por sus grandes beneficios sobre la salud. Aunque existen varios microorganismos que tienen la capacidad de sintetizar este carotenoide, la microalga Haematococcus pluvialis ha demostrado ser la fuente más promisoria al realizarlo bajo condiciones de estrés por deficiencia de nutrientes, diferentes intensidades de luz, entre otros. Dado que la astaxantina es una molécula con gran inestabilidad química, baja biodisponibilidad e hidrofobicidad, existen diferentes métodos de formulación, que mejoran su estabilidad y por ende su uso como colorante y compuesto bioactivo en productos alimenticios, nutracéuticos, cosméticos, acuícolas o farmacéuticos. Debido a las diferentes aplicaciones y utilidades del carotenoide, se propone como objetivo conocer las aplicaciones y formulaciones existentes de astaxantina como métodos para mejorar su estabilidad, biodisponibilidad y aplicación, e identificar los materiales utilizados y las tecnologías aplicadas en los procesos de formulación. Las emulsiones, liposomas, encapsulados y microencapsulados, representan las formulaciones actuales, las cuales utilizan como diferentes materiales para proteger la pared, y evitar la oxidación del carotenoide, alginato de calcio, aceite de girasol, aceite de soja, maltodextrina y goma arábiga, estos presentan diferentes porcentajes de eficiencia de encapsulación entre 40-98.8% (Burgos-Díaz et al., 2020, Oh et al., 2020), y se emplean tecnologías como emulsificación, liofilización, nanoliposomas, spray drying, entre otras.
Female Authorship in Modern Fiction: Stevie Smith’s Novel on Yellow Paper (1936) and the History of Fictional Women Writers
Authors: Berensmeyer Ingo
Published: August 2022

This article reads Stevie Smith’s Novel on Yellow Paper in the context of modernist literary authorship and against the historical background of scenarios of female authorship in British fiction. It focuses on strategies of women’s writing as embodied in Smith’s protagonist, Pompey Casmilus. In a period in which the category of “woman writer” was firmly associated with middlebrow sentimentality, Smith explores formal and material constraints on women as authors of fiction. In its diagnosis of the publishing world, the segregation of readerly tastes, and the constraints of established generic forms, Novel on Yellow Paper confronts the modern(ist) predicament of female authorship in novel ways.
Bodily Exclusions? : Winckelmann’s Victims and the Paradox of Form
Authors: Maria Rodríguez Porto Rosa
Published: August 2022

This contribution is the response piece to a larger dialogue of three articles that form the sixth issue of JOLCEL. The other contributions are “‘Two Styles More Opposed’: Harriet Hosmer’s Classicisms between Winckelmann and Bernini” by Melissa L. Gustin (pp. 1–31), “The Future of Winckelmann’s Classical Form: Walter Pater and Frederic Leighton” by Elizabeth Prettejohn (pp. 33–56), and “Winckelmann in Nineveh: Assyrian Remains at the Age of Classics” by Yannick Le Pape (pp. 58–78).
Tempering Expectations on the Medical Artificial Intelligence Revolution: The Medical Trainee Viewpoint
Authors: Hu Zoe , Hu Ricky , Yau Olivia , Teng Minnie , Wang Patrick , Hu Grace , Singla Rohit
Published: August 2022

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has resulted in an increased number of applications deployed in clinical trials. AI tools have been developed with goals of improving diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency through automation, and discovery of novel features in clinical data. There is subsequent concern on the role of AI in replacing existing tasks traditionally entrusted to physicians. This has implications for medical trainees who may make decisions based on the perception of how disruptive AI may be to their future career. This commentary discusses current barriers to AI adoption to moderate concerns of the role of AI in the clinical setting, particularly as a standalone tool that replaces physicians. Technical limitations of AI include generalizability of performance and deficits in existing infrastructure to accommodate data, both of which are less obvious in pilot studies, where high performance is achieved in a controlled data processing environment. Economic limitations include rigorous regulatory requirements to deploy medical devices safely, particularly if AI is to replace human decision-making. Ethical guidelines are also required in the event of dysfunction to identify responsibility of the developer of the tool, health care authority, and patient. The consequences are apparent when identifying the scope of existing AI tools, most of which aim to be physician assisting rather than a physician replacement. The combination of the limitations will delay the onset of ubiquitous AI tools that perform standalone clinical tasks. The role of the physician likely remains paramount to clinical decision-making in the near future.
A Biofeedback-Based Mobile App With Serious Games for Young Adults With Anxiety in the United Arab Emirates: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Almeqbaali Mariam , Ouhbi Sofia , Serhani Mohamed Adel , Amiri Leena , Jan Reem K , Zaki Nazar , Sharaf Ayman , Al Helali Abdulla , Almheiri Eisa
Published: August 2022

Background

Following the outbreak of COVID-19, several studies have reported that young adults encountered a rise in anxiety symptoms, which could negatively affect their quality of life. Promising evidence suggests that mobile apps with biofeedback, serious games, breathing exercises, and positive messaging, among other features, are useful for anxiety self-management and treatment.

Objective

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the usability of a biofeedback-based app with serious games for young adults with anxiety in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods

This study consists of two phases: Phase I describes the design and development of the app, while Phase II presents the results of a usability evaluation by experts. To elicit the app’s requirements during Phase I, we conducted (1) a survey to investigate preferences of young adults in the UAE for mobile games for stress relief; (2) an analysis of serious games for anxiety; and (3) interviews with mental health professionals and young adults in the UAE. In Phase II, five experts tested the usability of the developed app using a set of Nielsen’s usability heuristics.

Results

A fully functional biofeedback-based app with serious games was co-designed with mental health professionals. The app included 4 games (ie, a biofeedback game, card game, arcade game, and memory game), 2 relaxation techniques (ie, a breathing exercise and yoga videos), and 2 additional features (ie, positive messaging and a mood tracking calendar). The results of Phase II showed that the developed app is efficient, simple, and easy to use. Overall, the app design scored an average of 4 out of 5.

Conclusions

The elicitation techniques used in Phase I resulted in the development of an easy-to-use app for the self-management of anxiety. Further research is required to determine the app’s usability and effectiveness in the target population.
Usage, Acceptability and Primarily Effectiveness of an Integrated mHealth-based Modality for Smoking Cessation Interventions in Western China：Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chu Shuilian , Tong Zhaohui , Zhang Yuntao , Ye Xianwei , Liu Zhiyan , Chen Hong , Bai Jing , Li Fengsen , Li Xiaoping , Wang Huaizhen , Wang Rui , Wang Xuefeng , Li Jiachen , Liang Siqiao , Nong Ying , Wang Xin , Wang Ahong , Zhang Di , Jing Hang , Feng Lin , Liang Lirong
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Due to many limitations of smoking cessation services in China, more than 90% of Chinese smokers did not access any professional help to quit. Some of these limitations could be minimized by mobile health (mHealth) technologies. A novel integrated mHealth-based modality for smoking cessation interventions (WeChat + Quitline modality, WQ modality) was developed and applied in a large public welfare project (China Western-QUIT Program) in western China.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usage, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of the WQ modality in the population from western China.

METHODS

A prospective cohort study was conducted in western China between April and August 2021. Smokers or their relatives were recruited through online advertisement and medical staff referral. After using the services of the WQ modality for one month, the usage data of each service were downloaded from quitline and WeChat platform. The self-reported awareness, use and satisfaction with each service were collected by a telephone interview, and self-reported 7-day point prevalence of abstinence (PPA) and quit attempt rate among baseline current smokers were also evaluated at one month follow-up.

RESULTS

Of the 17,326 people from western China using the WQ modality, the largest number of users was WeChat official account (11,173), followed by WeChat mini program (3,734), WeChat group (669), and quitline (541inbound calls, 605outbound calls). Among participants who completed the baseline survey (n=2,221), over 70% of them were aware of WeChat-based services and over 50% of them used them, whereas the awareness rate (11.1%) and utilization rate (0.5 %) of quitline were relatively low. The median satisfaction scores across all services were 9 out of 10 points [IQR 8-9]. At one month follow-up, among the baseline current smokers (n=1,257), self-reported 7-day PPA was 41.8% (526/1,257), and another 225 smokers (17.9%) reported making a quit attempt.

CONCLUSIONS

The WQ modality could be well utilized and acceptable, and it has great potential to assist smokers in quitting in the western China, which provides accessible and effective mHealth-based smoking cessation services during the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19.
Reflecting on Decades of Data: The Global Burden of Disease–Cochrane Project (Preprint)
Authors: Adelman Madeline , Weber Isaac
Published: August 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A
Mental Health in Urban Environments: Uncovering the Black Box of Person-Place Interactions Requires Interdisciplinary Approaches (Preprint)
Authors: Kanning Martina , Yi Li , Yang Chih-Hsiang , Niermann Christina , Fina Stefan
Published: August 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Living in urban environments affects individuals’ mental health through different pathways. For instance, physical activity and social participation are seen as mediators. However, aiming to understand underlying mechanisms, it is necessary to consider that the individual is interacting with its environment. In this regard, this viewpoint discusses how urban health research benefits from integration of socioecological and interdisciplinary perspectives, combined with innovative ambulatory data assessments that enable researchers to integrate different data sources. It is stated that neither focusing on the objective and accurate assessment of the environment (from the perspective of spatial sciences) nor focusing on subjectively measured individual variables (from the public health as well as a psychosocial perspective) alone is suitable to further develop the field. Addressing person-place interactions requires an interdisciplinary view on the level of theory (eg, which variables should be focused on?), assessment methods (eg, combination of time-varying objective and subjective measures), as well as data analysis and interpretation.
Firstly, this viewpoint gives an overview on previous findings addressing the relationship of environmental characteristics to physical activity and mental health outcomes. We emphasize the need for approaches that allow us to appropriately assess the real-time interaction between a person and a specific environment and examine within-subject associations. This requires the assessment of environmental features, the spatial-temporal behavior of the individual, and the subjective experiences of the situation together with other individual factors, such as momentary affective states. Therefore, we finally focused on triggered study designs as an innovative ambulatory data assessment approach that allows us to capture real-time data in predefined situations (eg, while walking through a specific urban area).
Evaluation of Two Web-Based Interventions (Res-Up! and REMOTION) in Routine Outpatient Psychotherapy (Therapy Online Plus—TOP): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Trimpop Leonie Franziska , Bielinski Laura Luisa , Berger Thomas , Willutzki Ulrike
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Only 11%-40% of those with a mental disorder in Germany receive treatment. In many cases, face-to-face psychotherapy is not available because of limited resources, such as an insufficient number of therapists in the area. New approaches to improve the German health care system are needed to counter chronification. Web-based interventions have been shown to be effective as stand-alone and add-on treatments to routine practice. Interventions designed for a wide range of mental disorders such as transdiagnostic interventions are needed to make treatment for mental disorders more accessible and thus shorten waiting times and mitigate the chronification of mental health problems. In general, interventions can be differentiated as having either a capitalization (CAP) focus—thus drawing on already existing strengths—or a compensation (COMP) focus—trying to compensate for deficits. Up to now, the effectiveness of transdiagnostic web-based interventions with either a CAP or a COMP focus has not yet been evaluated.

OBJECTIVE

This study is the first to examine the effectiveness of two transdiagnostic web-based interventions: (1) the activation of resilience and drawing on existing strengths (CAP: Res-Up!) and (2) the improvement of emotion regulation (COMP: REMOTION), compared with care as usual (CAU) in routine outpatient psychotherapy.

METHODS

Adults with at least 1 mental health disorder will be recruited at 4 outpatient centers in Germany. Participants will then be randomized equally into 1 of the 2 intervention groups Res-Up! (CAP) and REMOTION (COMP) or into the control group (CAU). Assessments will be made at baseline (T0), at 6 weeks after treatment start (T1), and at 12 weeks after treatment start (T2). A primary outcome will be symptom severity (Brief Symptom Inventory-18). Secondary outcomes will focus on emotion regulation and resilience.

RESULTS

Participant recruitment and data collection started in April 2020 and were ongoing as of July 2022. We expect participants to benefit more from the interventions than from the CAU control on the dimensions of symptom severity, resilience, and emotion regulation. Furthermore, we expect to find possible differences between CAP and COMP. The results of the study are expected in 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

This randomized controlled trial will compare CAU with the transdiagnostic web-based interventions Res-Up! and REMOTION, and will thus inform future studies concerning the effectiveness of transdiagnostic web-based interventions in routine outpatient psychotherapy.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04352010; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04352010

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/41413
The Reliability and Quality of Short Videos as a Source of Dietary Guidance for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bai Yu , He Zixuan , Wang Zhijie , Song Yihang , Liu Yilong , Kang Le , Fang Xue , Wang Tongchang , Li Zhaoshen , Wang Shuling
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Dietary management is considered one of the potential adjunctive treatments in IBD. The short video sharing platforms has enabled patients to obtain dietary advice more convenient. However, accessing useful resources while avoiding misinformation is not an easy task for most patients.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the information in IBD diet-related videos on Chinese short video sharing platforms.

METHODS

We collected and extracted information from a total of 125 video samples related to IBD diet on 3 Chinese short video sharing platforms with the most users, Tiktok, bilibili, and Kwai. Two independent physicians evaluated each video in terms of content comprehensiveness, quality (rated by Global Quality Score), and reliability (rated by modified DISCERN tool). Finally, comparative analyses of the videos from different sources were conducted.

RESULTS

The videos were classified into six groups based on the identity of the uploaders, which included three kinds of medical professionals (ie, gastroenterologists, non-gastroenterologists, and clinical nutritionists) and three types of non-medical professionals (ie, non-profit organizations, individual science communicators, and IBD patients). The overall quality of the videos was poor. Further group comparisons demonstrated that videos from medical professionals were more instructive in terms of content comprehensiveness, quality, and reliability than those from non-medical professionals. Moreover, IBD diet-related recommendations from clinical nutritionists and gastroenterologists were of better quality than those from non-gastroenterologists, while recommendations from non-profit organizations did not seem to be superior to other groups of uploaders.

CONCLUSIONS

The videos were classified into six groups based on the identity of the uploaders, which included three kinds of medical professionals (ie, gastroenterologists, non-gastroenterologists, and clinical nutritionists) and three types of non-medical professionals (ie, non-profit organizations, individual science communicators, and IBD patients). The overall quality of the videos was poor. Further group comparisons demonstrated that videos from medical professionals were more instructive in terms of content comprehensiveness, quality, and reliability than those from non-medical professionals. Moreover, IBD diet-related recommendations from clinical nutritionists and gastroenterologists were of better quality than those from non-gastroenterologists, while recommendations from non-profit organizations did not seem to be superior to other groups of uploaders.
Canada’s Student Mental Health Network: Protocol for a Comprehensive Program Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Ecclestone Amy , Linden Brooke , Monaghan Caitlin , Zheng Sally
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Prevalence estimates for mental health–related problems, including above-average stress, psychological distress, and symptoms of mental illnesses have increased significantly among Canadian postsecondary students. As demand for downstream mental treatment has surpassed many institutions’ abilities to deliver timely care, there is a need for innovative upstream supports that foster mental health promotion and mental illness prevention among this population.

OBJECTIVE

Supported by an extensive network of student volunteers, Canada's Student Mental Health Network is a virtual, one-stop shop for centralized mental health education and evidence-based resources tailored to postsecondary students. This article describes a protocol for the comprehensive evaluation of the Network.

METHODS

Development of the Network was developed using a participatory action research framework. Network content is created and curated by students and reviewed by subject matter experts. The proposed program evaluation will include both a formative process evaluation and a summative impact assessment to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and utility of the Network in addition to assessing change in the 3 primary outcomes of interest: mental health literacy, perceived social support, and help-seeking behavior. Participants will be recruited directly from the Network website using a “rolling” recruitment approach to allow for continuous data collection and evaluation. A combination of qualitative (ie, interviews) and quantitative (ie, surveys) methods of data collection will be used.

RESULTS

The process of evaluation of the Network will begin in September 2022, collecting data for 1 year. In September 2023, the impact evaluation will begin using the same follow-up schedule. Data collection will then remain ongoing to facilitate the continued evaluation of the Network. Reports detailing evaluation data will be released annually.

CONCLUSIONS

The Network is a novel and innovative method of delivering universal mental health promotion to Canadian postsecondary students by providing centralized and freely accessible mental health education and resources, created by students and validated by subject matter experts. The continued creation and curation of resources for the Network will be ongoing to meet the evolving needs of the target population.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/41521
JOURNAL READING TASK: METHOD FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS TO LEARN HEALTH COMMUNICATION
Authors: Linardi Violantina , Syakurah Rizma Adlia
Published: August 2022

Background: COVID-19 became world health problem because of its rapid transmission among humans. Cause of that, Ministry of Education and Culture in Indonesia negated class at school and changed it to online class at home. But for some courses like communication, the students must communicate directly to the interlocutor. An online-based health communication learning model is required so that health communication learning continues to run optimally. This study aims to evaluate the new ways of learning health communication through reading journals and delivered in various media.Case study: The communication courses begin with a journal reading task based on predetermined Topics. This task is done in groups, and consists of 5 to 6 peoples. Then, the journal must be submitted in various educational media such as slide presentations, posters, or videos (participants are free to choose the media used) and will be presented via live Instagram or Zoom. Evaluation of this task was conducted to analyze the skills of communication and was assessed by their seniors in medical profession students of Sriwijaya University (peer review). The students was also give feedback (voluntarily) through the questionnaire on this task. Total of 40 presentations and educational media has been evaluated. Most of the students choose poster as their media promotion. The scoring is closed to balance, 55% enough and 45% good (discussion). Connection failure (60.63%) was the main problem that arise when they present the task.Conclusion: Students skill for making media promotion as they props for present the journal was good. The report and presentation of this task was satisfying. The students feel to have the effect of increasing their ability and personal knowledge on health communication. This task was effective for medical students to learn about health communication.