bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI HISTORIS MENGENAI KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI YANG DITERAPKAN OLEH SULTAN ABDUL HAMID II DI DINASTI OSMANI (1876-1909 M)
Authors: Alia Siti , Falah Rayma Nur , Jannah Salsabiila Raudhatul , Rahmat Slamet Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Sultan Abdul Hamid II adalah seorang pedagang furniture dari kayu yang kemudian diangkat menjadi sultan Turki Utsmani karena kakak tirinya yang bernama Murad V yang sakit. Meskipun dirinya memerintah dengan sistem Monarki yang absolut, Abdul Hamid membuktikan jika dirinya sanggup bertahan selama 33 tahun dan memperbaiki kondisi negara yang sudah ada di ujung tanduk dengan banyak sekali kebijakan-kebijakan yang dibuatnya. Kami mengumpul data dengan metode historis, dengan mengambil interpretasi dari sumber dan keterangan secara kritis terhadap perkembangan di masanya dengan pertimbangan secara teliti. Sehingga ditemukannya Kebijakan Luar Negeri Sulta Abdul Hamid II.
DIMENSI PEMILU DALAM SISTEM DISTRIK DAN PROPORSIONAL
Authors: Ginanjar Diyar , Hanifah Fauziah , Huda Uu Nurul
Published: October 2021

The electoral system is regulated in statutory regulations containing three main variables, namely voting, electoral district, and electoral formula. As stated in the Election Law, the objective of the electoral system is to exercise people's sovereignty. A provision which is in line with the universal democratic principle of the rulers directs this goal to build legitimacy for a stable and strong government in mobilizing the masses. democratically Election, namely balancing these operational objectives with their use as a means of fighting for the interests of the people through political participation and political socialization
PERAN PEMERINTAH DESA DALAM UPAYA MENCEGAH PERNIKAHAN ANAK DI MASYARAKAT MADURA
Authors: Raudlatun Raudlatun , Asiah Khairul
Published: October 2021

Akhir-akhir ini nikah anak masih menjadi tradisi yang sangat kuat di lingkungan sekitar, khususnya di Kecamatan Rubaru Kabupaten Sumenep. Nikah anak menjadi masalah bersama yang harus dipecahkan, karena pengamatan peneliti mayoritas yang menikahkan anaknya di usia dini adalah orang tua yang tidak memiliki pendidikan tinggi, tentunya akan memberikan dampak yang sangat negative terhadap anaknya seperti putus sekolah, lemah secara ekonomi. Disinilah peran pemerintah desa sangat dibutuhkan. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi masyarakat melakukan pernikahan anak dan dampak apa yang dirasakan pasangan yang melakukan pernikahan usia muda. Serta tujuan yang paling urgen adalah bagaimana peran dan respon pemerintah desa setempat dalam upaya mencegah pernikahan anak. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Sifat penelitiannya bersifat deskriptif-analitik. Sumber data yang digunakan ialah sumber data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan pemerintah desa setempat, dan pelaku pernikahan anak, sumber data sekunder yang diperoleh dari buku-buku dan sumber lainnya yang berkaitan dengan penelitian dan sumber data tersier. Dan teknik pengumpulan datanya melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan beberapa factor dan dampak pernikahan anak, begitu juga dengan peran pemerintah desa dalam upaya pencegahan pernikahan anak. Karena dari tiga desa yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini, pemerintah desa yang memeiliki beberapa perangkat seperti Apel (kepala Dusun) memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam meminimalisir terjadinya nikah anak.
OPPORTUNITIES BAITUL MAAL WAT TAMWIL (BMT) IN INCREASING SMALL BUSINESS ACTIVITIES IN THE COMMUNITY
Authors: Suhaeni Iis
Published: October 2021

Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peluang Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) untuk ikut serta dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat menengah dengan cara memberikan kontribusi dalam mendukung kegiatan usaha kecil masyarakat dengan cara menyediakan produk keuangan yang dapat diterima dan dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) selain memiliki fungsi sosial seperti menghimpun, mengelola dan menyalurkan dana zakat, infaq dan sedekah, Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) juga berfungsi sebagai badan usaha profit oriented dengan cara menghimpun tabungan dan memberikan pembiayaan bagi pelaku kegiatan usaha kecil, selain itu Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) diharapkan akan dapat membantu masyarakat agar sepenuhnya bisa menjauhi pinjaman yang berbasis bunga untuk membangun usahanya terutama dari rentenir.
Konsep Al-Baaqiyaat As-Sholihat dalam Murabahah: Penentuan Margin aerta Penggunaan Metode Perhitungan Anuitas dan Flat
Authors: Arisa Angga
Published: October 2021

Murabahah merupakan pembiayaan yang mendominasi portofolio perbankan syariah di Indonesia sampai dengan posisi September 2018. Akan tetapi, total jumlah pembiayaan murabahah masih sangat kecil jika dibandingkan dengan penyaluran kredit perbankan konvensional. Salah satu isu yang harus dicarikan solusi supaya bisa mengakselerasi pertumbuhan bisnis bank syariah adalah isu kesesuaian murabahah dengan ketentuan syariah, yaitu dalam aspek penambahan margin dalam murabahah serta penggunaan metode anuitas dan flat dalam menghitung margin. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan bank syariah dalam melakukan pembiayaan murabahah perlu dilihat sebagai kegiatan pengelolaan harta (wealth creation/accumulation) bank syariah selaku subjek ekonomi. Pendekatan konsep pengelolaan harta ini bisa merujuk pada surat Al-kahfi ayat 46, dimana harta harus dikelola dengan cara-cara yang sesuai dengan syariah supaya bernilai sebagai al-baaqiyat as-sholihat (amal sholeh). Denga konsep al-baaqiyat as-sholihat ini maka penambahan margin dan penggunaan metode anuitas dan flat dapat menjadi sesuai dengan kaidah syariah sehingga kegiatan pembiayaan murabahah menjadi bernilai amal sholeh. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengakselerasi pertumbuhan murabahah serta pertumbuhan bank syariah itu sendiri sehingga semakin banyak masyarakat yang bisa mengakses perbankan syariah.
Dampak Corona dalam Dunia Pendidikan
Authors: Wahyu Fitri Febriani , Nugraha Ii Irpan , Pebrinsyah Mochammad Ikbal , Permadi Alya Ramadhaniati
Published: October 2021

Virus corona membuat dunia dan khususnya indonesia mengalami penyesuaian yang cukup drastic, perubahan – perubahan kebiasaan harus dilakukan untuk menghindari semakin tersebarnya virus corona, tidak terkecuali kepada dunia Pendidikan yang cukup mengalami dampak yang besar, baik kepada pelajar, orang tua bahkan tenaga pendidik/guru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat dampak apa saja yang terjadi kepada pelajar, orang tua dan guru dalam menghadapi adabtasi kebiasan baru yang mau tidak mau harus dilaksanakan. Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan tekhnik analisis content penulis meemukan bahwa dampak paling significant dalam proses pembelajaran ini terdapat pada ketersedian fasilitas penunjang terutama koneksi internet yang stabil dan keuangan orang tua.
Quality of life in patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation after surgical ablation and simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Kalybekova A. T. , Rakhmonov S. S. , Lukinov V. L. , Chernyavsky A. M.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To analyze quality of life (QOL) of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in combination with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in the long-term postoperative period, depending on chosen surgical strategy for concomitant pathology.

Material and methods. The analysis of QOL changes in the long-term postoperative period (12 and 24 months) in 116 patients with CAD and concomitant long-term persistent AF who selectively underwent biatrial (BA) or isolated left atrial (LA) ablation with simultaneous on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. To assess QOL, a non-specific Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Form Health Status Survey (SF-36) questionnaire was used. Patients were questioned in preoperative and long-term postoperative periods (12 and 24 months).

Results. All SF-36 parameters significantly improve after open surgical treatment in the long-term postoperative period (24 months) with both treatment strategies (BA and LA ablation) for AF. In the BA ablation group, 74% of patients did not have arrhythmia after 12 months, and only 38,5% of patients in the LA ablation group belonged to European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) score class 1 (p=0,001). After 24 months, a comparison revealed a significant diff erence between the two groups in arrhythmia symptoms (p=0,014), with maintaining the advantage of the BA ablation group. After 12 and 24 months, none of the patients in both compared groups had severe class IV angina.

Conclusion. SF-36 parameters were improved 24 months after surgical treatment of CAD and long-standing persistent AF, regardless of the ablation strategy. Elimination of angina symptoms and long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm can improve the QOL  of patients in the long-term postoperative period.
Life-long prevention of cardiovascular disease. Part II: childhood and adolescence
Authors: Kopylova O. V. , Ershova A. I. , Meshkov A. N. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: October 2021

In recent years, researchers have increasingly noted that the development and health of cardiovascular system is influenced by both traditional risk factors (RF) and other determinants of human exposome — a combination of factors of the external and internal environment that affect genetics and epigenetics, as a result of which, one or another (more or less healthy) phenotype is formed. Exposome components have a continuous effect throughout all periods of life. Many RFs have a cumulative effect, and therefore it is important to start prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as early as possible. The aim of this review was to consider various aspects of CVD prevention in childhood and adolescence. These periods are critical for the development of most behavioral habits, which maintain throughout life. Leading by personal example by parents and the immediate environment plays a paramount role in healthy lifestyle inclusion of children and adolescents. Targeted programs in kindergartens and schools aim at improving health literacy, early detection and timely changing traditional and non-traditional CVD RFs, diagnosis of genetic diseases involving the heart and blood vessels, prevention of sudden cardiac death are also important methods of CVD prevention in childhood and adolescence. Measures of population-based prevention are of great importance, including monitoring of advertising and media content, statutory ban of alcohol and tobacco sale, and the formation of healthy lifestyle.
Neighborhood environment: the impact of alcohol and tobacco outlets availability on health of people living in a certain area
Authors: Antsiferova A. A. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Mukaneeva D. K. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: October 2021

Alcohol and tobacco consumption remain significant risk factors (RFs) for morbidity and mortality from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular ones, in Russia. The main risk factors contributing to NCDs in addition to traditional risk factors and lifestyle also include the neighborhood environment (NE). The term “neighborhood environment” describes the relationship between the area in immediate vicinity of a person's place of residence, environmental factors, social characteristics of the area, which can have both positive and negative effects on human health.

The aim of this review was to analyze alcohol and tobacco outlets availability as a factor effecting health of people living in a certain area.

It was demonstrated that a high density of alcohol outlets is associated with increased alcohol consumption among both adults and adolescents, with drunk driving and road traffic accidents, injuries, violent crimes, the risk of acute and chronic diseases. A high density of tobacco outlets is associated with an increase in smoking intensity among both adults and adolescents, as well as an increase of secondhand smoke, which increases the risk of NCDs.

The consumption of alcohol and tobacco is associated with a significant increase in risk of NCDs, including cardiovascular ones, and injuries, leading to disability and death. The effectiveness of measures aimed at reducing the consumption of alcohol and tobacco may be reduced due to high density of outlets selling these products. It is necessary to conduct studies aimed at assessing the outlets density and its associations with prevalence of RFs and health status of Russian population. These data will stimulate intersectoral collaboration for planning health protection strategy at municipal level.
Inflammaging in the pathogenesis of chronic non­communicable diseases
Authors: Kim O. T.
Published: October 2021

See Krivoshapova K. E., Masenko V. L., Bazdyrev E. D., Barbarash O. L. Osteosarcopenic obesity in cardiovascular patients. Controversial and open issues in Review articles, pp. 92­98.
Clinical progression of COVID-19 coinfection in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus: scoping review
Authors: Schaurich Diego , Munhoz Oclaris Lopes , Ramos Junior Angelo , Dalmolin Angelica , Oliveira Gabriela , Cremonese Luiza
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to map the production of scientific knowledge on the clinical progression of COVID-19 coinfection in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: scoping review, with search strategies in MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and LILACS. Dual independent data extraction and analysis of the material with similarity compilation and narrative synthesis. Results: sample consisted of 35 articles. Fever, cough, and dyspnea were the most prevalent signs/symptoms. Recurrent complications involved desaturation/worsening of oxygen desaturation and pneumonia. No standard pharmacological treatment was identified, and the main interventions involved the provision of supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation. The studies recommended preventive, care, and pharmacological practices. Conclusions: the clinical manifestations, complications, and treatments/assistance care for people coinfected with SARS CoV-2/HIV are similar to those of the general population. Coinfection, overall, does not infer a worse prognosis.
Economia moral da saliva: Bolsonaro, Covid-19 e as políticas do contágio no Brasil
Authors: Boscatti Ana Paula Garcia , Amorim Anna Carolina Horstmann
Published: October 2021

Resumo: Este trabalho analisa como a saliva é central para a manutenção de uma “política do contágio” durante a pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil. Apresentamos como tal fluido/substância se converte em uma importante ferramenta política para os Estados nacionais e seus limites biopolíticos e necropolíticos. Assim, através de discursos e ações de Jair M. Bolsonaro frente à pandemia da Covid-19 e observando seu desprezo por cuidados de higiene e proteção contra o coronavírus, destacamos a correlação entre Estado na condução do vírus e a ascensão de grupos conservadores de orientação religiosa que mobilizam a saliva como um fluido necessário para efetivação de uma economia moral que administra a produção de relações, família, nacionalismo, masculinidades e religião.
Negacionismo religioso: Bolsonaro e lideranças evangélicas na pandemia Covid-19
Authors: Guerreiro Clayton , Almeida Ronaldo de
Published: October 2021

Resumo: Este artigo visa investigar as conexões entre líderes pentecostais brasileiros e o governo de Bolsonaro no que concerne à gestão da pandemia Covid-19. Partimos do suposto de que algumas importantes lideranças religiosas - nomeadamente sujeitos que encarnam um tipo ideal de pastor, empresário e político - têm colaborado com o governo na gestão da pandemia por meio do negacionismo pandêmico. Argumentamos que o negacionismo é uma linguagem de poder que está fora do escopo da democracia e que se expressa publicamente em diferentes técnicas de negação da ciência - muitas vezes com justificativas religiosas - empregadas em diversos eventos durante a pandemia, com o objetivo de consolidar um projeto político comum.
Las sociabilidades situadas en el estudio de lo religioso. Análisis de una “zona” espiritual en la periferia de Buenos Aires
Authors: Funes María Eugenia
Published: October 2021

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir al debate y la reflexión sobre los vínculos entre espacio y religiosidad a partir del análisis de una de sus múltiples expresiones: la de la relación entre religiosidad y residencia. Para ello, se analizarán las trayectorias espirituales, laborales y educativas de dos parejas de migrantes por estilo de vida que trasladaron su residencia a una localidad de la periferia de Buenos Aires cuya población y equipamientos urbanos crecieron significativamente a partir de la década de 1990, y en la que se desarrolló un importante circuito de prácticas espirituales Nueva Era. Se mostrará la movilización de concepciones espiritualizadas del espacio y del hábitat, así como la centralidad que los equipamientos y las sociabilidades situadas en el espacio tienen en el contacto con y el reconocimiento de una orientación por la espiritualidad. Los datos presentados fueron construidos y analizados por medio de métodos biográficos.
Local effects of deforestation on stream fish assemblages in the amazon-savannah transitional area
Authors: Freitas Pâmela V. , Montag Luciano F. A. , Ilha Paulo , Torres Naiara R. , Maia Calebe , Deegan Linda , Nascimento Anderson Thiago , Silva Karina Dias
Published: October 2021

Abstract The expansion of agriculture in the southeast Amazon-Savanah transitional area has greatly decreased forest cover and influenced stream structure and functioning. We assessed the effects of forest cover loss on the integrity of streams by assessing stream physical conditions and the taxonomic and functional diversity of fish assemblages in this transitional area. We hypothesize that low forest cover, especially adjacent to streams, results in poor physical conditions (e.g., warmer temperatures, less physical structure, etc.), which in turn will decrease the taxonomic and functional diversity of fish assemblages. We detected that loss of forest cover negatively affects natural stream conditions and reduces the functional diversity of fish assemblages, but we did not find a strong effect on taxonomic diversity. Ambush and stalking predators, diurnal surface pickers (groups that exhibit opportunistic life history strategies), grazers, pickers, and browsers (groups that exhibit equilibrium life history strategies) were the functional groups with the strongest relation to altered environments. These groups can explore different niches, both with natural characteristics or altered by human activities. Our results suggest that the preservation of riparian zones can minimize the loss of specialized fish species in assemblages of Amazon-Savannah stream systems.
Invernada dos Negros (SC): um povo enganado! um território retalhado!
Authors: Vicenzi Renilda , Taffarel Eliane
Published: October 2021

Resumo: O dia 20 de junho de 2004 é um marco na luta de mulheres e homens negras/os da comunidade rural ‘Invernada dos Negros’, localizada nos municípios de Campos Novos e Abdon Batista - SC. Nesse dia a comunidade recebeu da Fundação Cultural Palmares a Certidão de Autorreconhecimento como ‘Comunidade Remanescentes de Quilombos’. A trajetória até o Autorreconhecimento é centenária, e é marcada por resistências, pela permanência na terra e de afirmação da identidade negra. Este analisa parte dessa trajetória, quer seja a Ação de Divisão de terras “proposta” pelos verdadeiros herdeiros da terra – legatários, por meio de seu representante legal – advogado Henrique Rupp Junior, no ano de 1928 e concluída em 1942. Esta Ação de Divisão provocou o retalhamento da propriedade herdada, a usurpação, a exclusão e a desterritorialização das famílias negras. Incidindo ainda mais para a invisibilidade e negação da população negra naquele espaço, mas também impulsionará, décadas depois, a luta pela retomada da terra/território.
A grande fronteira: Amazônia e a formação do sistema agroextrativista global
Authors: Domingues Gabriel , Sauer Sérgio
Published: October 2021

Resumo Este artigo situa a Amazônia no processo histórico de formação da fronteira extrativa agrária, a partir da dinâmica de apropriação da terra e do território, extração de recursos e exploração do trabalho, que se inicia no período colonial, moldando o desenvolvimento do capitalismo no Brasil. A análise foi realizada tendo três eixos principais: i) a formação da fronteira extrativa agrária e a inserção da Amazônia nesse processo histórico; ii) a natureza extrativa da economia neoliberal, a partir do conceito de acumulação por espoliação; iii) a compreensão do subdesenvolvimento da Amazônia, a partir da ruptura dos sistemas ecológicos, sociais e produtivos, provocada pelos sucessivos ciclos extrativos que marcaram a inserção da região na economia global. Tais processos abriram caminho para a apropriação generalizada dos recursos e espoliação das comunidades amazônicas, atendendo às demandas de acumulação do capital extrativo agrário, em um contexto histórico de radicalização do neoliberalismo.
An overview of COVID-19 infection in dental practices - a questionnaire survey
Authors: Gluckman Howard , Pontes Carla C , Troelzsch Matthias , Scheyer E Todd
Published: October 2021

Dental nurses and practitioners are at high risk of exposure to COVID-19 due to physical proximity and exposure to body fluids during treatment. Dental practices have implemented multiple protective protocols to decrease COVID-19 transmission; however, it is difficult to evaluate how effective these measures are, as there is limited data on COVID-19 in dental practices. To evaluate COVID-19 infection rates among dentists, dental staff, and patients in different countries through an online survey, with a primary focus on South Africa (SA). Cross-sectional online survey. One hundred fifty-four participants from 52 countries answered the survey, 48.6% (n=561) from SA. COVID-19 infections were reported in 18.2% (n=210) of dental practices. Only 1.1% regarded the practice as the source of infection for dentists and staff who got infected. In total, 13.9% (n=160) treated COVID-19 patients. SA presented a higher infection rate (19% vs 13%, p=0.04) and more frequent treatment of COVID-19 patients than the other countries combined (17% vs 11%, p=0.006). These findings support the need to maintain strict infection control measures to decrease transmission of SARSCoV-2 during the delivery of oral care.
Rice vinegar removes Candida albicans from denture acrylic resins
Authors: Garach Tarana , Shangase Sindisiwe , Molaudzi Mulalo , Molepo Julitha
Published: October 2021

Denture stomatitis, mainly caused by Candida albicans, often affect denture wearers. To manage these patients, denture hygiene is of utmost importance. There is a need for low cost, easily accessible denture disinfectants. To investigate the efficacy of rice vinegar and other disinfecting solutions in removing C. albicans from acrylic resins. Hundred and eighty acrylic resin plates were contaminated with C. albicans strains and divided into five groups. These were immersed in apple cider vinegar (ACV), white wine vinegar (WWV), rice vinegar (RV), chlorhexidine (CHX), and sterile distilled H2O (control). The plates were incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes, 1 hour and 8 hours. Candida removing ability of the disinfecting solutions was evaluated, and data was analyzed using two-way ANOVAwith Tukey post-test. Significance level of p< 0.05 was used. RV, ACV, WWV and CHX showed the highest efficacy (100%) in removing both C. albicans strains at 8 hours (p>0.05). CHX was the most effective disinfectant in removing both C. albicans strains at 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 8 hours (99%-100%). RV was as effective as ACV, WWV and CHX in removing C. albicans from acrylic plates at 8 hours.
South Africa’s contribution in the field of Forensic Odontology - A textbook review
Authors: Sykes Leanne , Robinson Liam
Published: October 2021

This textbook represents an up-to-date, comprehensive compilation of the field of Forensic Odontology. The chapters have been uniquely structured to take the reader through all aspects of this discipline in a methodical and logical approach. Authors for each section were carefully selected as being internationally recognised experts and renowned amongst their peers in their particular field of Forensic Odontology. The material in this textbook is presented in a manner that is both interesting and clear for novices in the discipline, while at the same time offering highly informative, cutting-edge information for experts practising Forensic Odontology. The book begins with a chronology of the origin of Forensic Odontology dating back to 1477, using intriguing real-life cases to set the theme for the rest of the book.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE PLATES IN THE PRESSURE AREA
Authors: GALYAUTDINOV Zulfat Sh.
Published: October 2021

Here is the description of fi nite elementmodels of joints between reinforced concrete slab and column, made in the SIMULIA ABAQUS software package. The variable parameters were the ratio of the sides of the column cmax/cmin and the ratio of the side of the column to the eff ective depth c/h0. The calculation is performed in a non-linear formulation. Finite elementmodels showed realistic behavior: a punching shear pyramid was detected. It was found a signifi cant unevenness in the distribution of tangential deformations, as well as the main compressive deformations of the concrete slab near the column. The nature of the formation and development of the punching shear pyramid depends on the value of the ratio of the sides of the column cmax/cmin and the ratio of the side of the column to the eff ective depth slab c/h0.
STUDY OF EFFICIENCY OF PRE-REAGENT TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER FROM BREWERY
Authors: TUKTASHEVA Ekaterina Yu.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the reagent treatment of wastewater from breweries. The object of the study was the wastewater of the Samara brewery. To achieve this goal, a trial coagulation of the original wastewater of the brewery was carried out using six diff erent reagents. During the experiment, the optimal doses of each coagulant were determined. It was found experimentally that the maximum effi ciency of coagulation was 34 % in terms of COD. Comparative results of the reagent treatment with various coagulants showed that an increase in the reagent dose over 150 mg / l in terms of Me2O3 did not lead to an increase in the purifi cation effi ciency, however, the cost of purifi ed water signifi cantly increased. The research results were used in the development of a cleaning scheme for the brewery in Samara.
CITY OF REM KOOLHAAS: FROM THEORY TO MASTERPLAN
Authors: DANILOVA Elina V. , VALSHIN Rasim M.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the urbanistic concepts of Rem Koolhaas. The state of urban planning and the professional context in which the architect’s creativity developed are analyzed. The article examines his early works, performed during the training period, identifi es their key role in the future theoretical and project work of Koolhaas. The important discoveries that Koolhaas made while researching a particular type of urbanism developed in New York are described. The article reveals Koolhaas’s approach to the development of masterplans, as to the refl ection of his theoretical ideas, interpreted in various contexts. The author identifi es the iconic elements of the architect’s urban vocabulary, which he uses when creating urban planning projects. The signifi cance of the approach developed by Koolhaas for contemporary urbanism is determined.
THE POWER OF NETWORKS AND THE DIGITAL WORLD OF CO-CREATION: DESIGN TOOLS AND STRATEGIES
Authors: PLOTNIKOVA Tatyana A.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand how globalization is changing the set up of the architectural design industry and what strategies and technologies we, as industry professionals, can incorporate in our practices to meet the current industry demands. This paper discusses the power of the network and how it can positively redefi ne our approaches and expand our capabilities in design co-creation. This study looks at the history of architectural design, and analyzes current industry trends and demands. It also off ers a number of research-based solutions for more eff ective project delivery and design co-creation.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON DIRECT RUNOFF IN DISTRICT 8, HO CHI MINH CITY
Authors: NGUYEN Van Minh , ZAYKOVA Elena Yurievna
Published: October 2021

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is among the cities that are most at risk of fl ooding worldwide. Urbanization processes have led to a change in land use, which in turn has resulted in an increase in impervious surfaces and runoff , thus again leading to the risk of fl ooding in the city. The aim of the article is to study the impact of urban development (on the example of District 8 of HCMC) on surface runoff using a combination of the interpretation of remote sensing images of the earth (ERS) Google Earth and the SCS-CN model (the Soil Conservation Service curve number). Theoretical models are used to analyze the relationship between the typology of buildings and areas of open and impervious surfaces. The interpretation of remote sensing images was carried out in the ArcGIS program. The method used to calculate surface runoff is the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method developed by the US Soil Conservation Service and is suitable for assessing the eff ects of land-use/land cover change due to urbanization. The results of the study show the volume of surface runoff in areas with diff erent levels of urbanization in district 8 of HCMC, assessing the impact of urbanization processes on surface runoff and revealing new opportunities for managing this process. The combination of remote sensing interpretation and SCS-CN model makes it possible to assess the impact of urban development on surface runoff . Urbanization and an increase in built-up area strongly aff ect fl ooding, reducing the soil retention.
Manuscript language norms in translating science articles
Authors: Mykhailenko O.O.
Published: October 2021

A science article, as one of the leading genres in the scientific discourse, is becoming increasingly significant in modern science communication. It allows the wide audience to learn about the newest research results in various fields of science and technology. New scientific information is shared around the world mostly through translations. A particular research interest is taken in the quality of translation of science papers and the conformity of target texts to the scientific language norms. In Ukraine, there is a current need for highly-qualified translators of scientific texts into English, who can help the author of a science article to present worldwide new research results.

It is important for translators to be knowledgeable about the basic rules of transition from the source to the target language, in rendering science texts. To take a rational translation solution, the translator should be competent in using translation devices and bring the source text into accordance with the norms of the language of science. The translator should be trained enough in the branch of knowledge the translation texts belong to. Our analysis of the Ukrainian-English translations of science articles in physics aims to establish the degree of equivalence of source and target texts and to evaluate the translation solutions that were chosen to achieve the text equivalence. The special research attention has been paid to the stylistic features of the language of science and the basic rules of manuscript language that should be a guide for a translator of scientific texts.
Exploring the significance of control atmosphere of vegetables
Authors: Ahmed Aijaz , Gul Uzma , Akhtar Shabeena
Published: October 2021

The development and production of vegetables are increasing in every corner of the globe. Besides fresh and quality vegetables, which are the central pillar of generating economies and business, there is also demand and requirement to differentiate and create post harvest storage, transport, publicity, and preparing the foundation to broaden the utilization of vegetables beyond rising seasons and localities. However, numerous Western nations have created vegetables appropriate for cold environments, including potatoes and tomatoes, to tackle the issue. The countries of tropical areas, like China, India, Brazil, Pan American nations, and nations of Africa, South-East Asia, and Central Asia, have an appropriate environment and assets to cultivate numerous kinds of vegetables. However, the present paper examines the significance of control the atmosphere storage of vegetables and how it affects various foodstuff quality and marketing. The study is based on secondary data. The study systematically reviews many articles, reports and books. The results reveal that the control atmosphere storage enhances the quality of the product that increases the product's suppy and demand. Furthermore, it shows that controlled atmosphere storage is the one most appropriate innovation that can guarantee long storage of vegetables that enhances the freshness and best marketing of the products. The vegetables are kept up through the utilization of explicit CA storage conditions to every product and control of the gas elements, temperature, and relative humidity of the climate. Notwithstanding these components, digestion changes of vegetables have been considered to set up the ideal storage conditions. This is enlarging the improvement of a quick storage system.
Review article on treatment of lung cancer and newer therapeutic modalities
Authors: Das Soumya Swaroop , Mishra J. K. , Yadav Devendra Pratap , Tiwari Akhilesh , Gowthami B. , Lobiyal Shalini
Published: October 2021

Introduction- lung cancer remains to be a major health problem globally leading to mortality, the cause of which is linked to chronic smoking, and other contributing factors. Staging- The American joint committee on cancer adopted the 8 th edition of the international association for the study of Lung Cancer's (IASLC) stagingChemotherapy- Several classes of anti cancer drugs based on their mechanism of action are used such as alkylating agents, anti metabolites, antibiotics, mitotic inhibitors, second and third generation EGFR inhibitors Thoracic surgery-Modern surgical techniques, like less invasive video assisted thoracoscopic surgery can be done. Also in radical radiotherapy stereotactic ablative radiotherapy is used to deliver large doses with high precision. Conclusion- immunotherapy is the most revolutionary advance in tumour research which continues to face challenges which if overcame can be an open door for multiple possibilities in the management of lung cancer.
¿La ciudadanía es responsable del manejo de la pandemia? Un análisis desde los determinantes sociales
Authors: Idrovo Alvaro Javier
Published: October 2021

A finales de septiembre de 2020, cuando se escribe este editorial, Colombia como país ha superado el primer pico de la pandemia, y Santander está llegando al primer pico estimado en el modelo del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Han pasado varios eventos relacionados, directa o indirectamente, con la pandemia que se pueden resumir en un periodo de confinamiento temprano, que inició desde días después del diagnóstico del primer caso de SARS- CoV-2 en una colombiana; luego empezó el desconfinamiento, desde el 1 de junio1, que se amplió con un segundo grupo de actividades económicas el 1 de septiembre, y que incluyó hechos importantes como los días sin IVA que buscaron reactivar la economía, y fueron noticia por las aglomeraciones que se presentaron en algunas ciudades. Si bien lo adecuado del manejo nacional es y será motivo de discusión1,2, las evidencias ya permiten señalar que no fue homogéneo. Departamentos como Antioquia, Tolima, Bogotá, Nariño y Valle del Cauca, parece tuvieron un desempeño de vigilancia en salud pública sobresaliente, mientras que otros departamentos incluyendo Santander ocuparon los últimos lugares, cuando se usa como indicador la calidad de los datos.
Prevalencia de diagnósticos de enfermería en el programa de detección temprana de cáncer de cérvix
Authors: Ulloa Sabogal Iliana Milena , Valbuena Durán Luz Dalia
Published: October 2021

Introducción: El cáncer de cérvix representa un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, al constituirse en la segunda causa de mortalidad por neoplasias malignas en la mujer Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de los diagnósticos de enfermería en usuarias del programa de detección temprana de cáncer de cérvix, en una institución de salud de primer nivel de atención del municipio de Girón, Santander. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 85 usuarias atendidas por estudiantes tercer nivel de enfermería durante la práctica de Cuidado de la Salud de la Mujer. Se realizó valoración focalizada del estado de salud a partir del Formato de Valoración de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad Industrial de Santander; e información registrada en el Sistema de Información de Prácticas Clínicas y Comunitarias Estudiantiles (SIPCE). Resultados: Los diagnósticos de mayor prevalencia fueron disposición para mejorar los conocimientos con un 35,29%, conocimientos deficientes con el 32,29% y disposición para mejorar el autocuidado con 20.00%. Entre los de menor prevalencia se encuentran mantenimiento ineficaz de la salud en un 2.35%, temor y riesgo de infección con 4.71% cada uno. Conclusión: La identificación de los diagnósticos más frecuentes en usuarias del programa de detección temprana de cáncer de cérvix, es una propuesta para que los profesionales de enfermería lleven a cabo planes de cuidado, a partir del proceso de atención de enfermería y el uso de un lenguaje estandarizado en el ejercicio de la práctica de enfermería.
Muertes prematuras y años de vida potenciales perdidos, ¿qué ha cambiado en Colombia durante la pandemia por COVID-19?
Authors: Rojas Botero Maylen Liseth , Fernández Niño Julián Alfredo , Molina Rivera Angélica Nohelia , Ruiz Gómez Fernando
Published: October 2021

Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 es uno de los mayores desafíos globales de la época. Para la mayor comprensión de sus efectos poblacionales es necesario analizar medidas complentarias a la mortalidad. Objetivos: estimar los años de vida potenciales perdidos en Colombia debido a muertes prematuras por todas las causas de defunción y por COVID-19 en el periodo marzo-julio entre los años 2015 y 2020. Materiales y métodos: estudio ecológico, longitudinal y retrospectivo, basado en fuentes de información secundaria. Se calcularon los años de vida potencialmente perdidos según sexo y grupo de edad, utilizando la esperanza de vida y las tablas actuariales del DANE. Resultados: Entre marzo y julio de 2020 se perdieron 2 356 420 años por muertes prematuras, para una tasa de 46,8 años perdidos por cada mil habitantes de Colombia, un resultado superior en un 4,8% respecto a la media de los últimos cinco años. Debido al COVID-19 se dejaron de vivir 237 725,5 años –con mayor pérdida entre los hombres– y un aporte porcentual del 10,5% al total de años potenciales perdidos en Colombia. Conclusiones: Durante la pandemia se ha presentado un ligero incremento en los años de vida potenciales perdidos en Colombia. Si bien la pérdida de años atribuibles a las muertes confirmadas por COVID-19 no son los responsables directos de la mayor parte de la pérdida total, los cambios sociales y las condiciones de vida durante el confinamiento sí podrían haber incidido en las variaciones de la mortalidad y su distribución entre subgrupos poblacionales.
SARS-cov2 como causa de sepsis neonatal tardía, reporte de un caso
Authors: Alvarado Socarras Jorge Luis , Theurel Martin Delia Edith , Gómez Andrea , Saldarriaga Daniel , Villegas Lamus Katty C.
Published: October 2021

Introducción: la infección por SARS Cov2 en los niños tiene un comportamiento clínico menos severo que en adultos y por lo tanto menor mortalidad. Esta infección puede afectar neonatos y estos pueden adquirir la infección por trasmisión horizontal, con manifestaciones clínicas variables. Si bien, el neonato hijo de madre positiva para SARS CoV 2 ha sido el de mayor foco de atención, otros neonatos pueden adquirir la infección por casos positivos domiciliarios, sintomáticos o no. Reporte del caso: recién nacido previamente sano, de 22 días con manifestaciones sistémicas como fiebre, síntomas respiratorios leves y deposiciones liquidas frecuentes, sin moco ni sangre. Sin antecedentes de infecciones en la familia. El tratamiento fue sintomático, con acetaminofén, líquidos endovenosos y con evolución adecuada. Los laboratorios fueron inespecíficos, y se realizó estudio para SARS Cov2 por la pandemia actual. El reporte fue positivo y la familia rechazó realizarse pruebas. Discusión: la infección neonatal por SARS-CoV2 ha sido relacionada con síntomas como fiebre, cuadros respiratorios y gastrointestinales leves, generalmente con noción de contagio de personas sintomáticas o asintomáticas, que pueden ser subestimados. Es posible que el diagnóstico neonatal, sea la señal de adultos asintomáticos. Actualmente, ante los reportes literarios y la pandemia actual, se deberían realizar pruebas a neonatos febriles y con otros síntomas sistémicos. Además de realizar seguimiento a los neonatos afectados.
Lecciones del pasado. ¿podemos aprender algo de las epidemias anteriores?
Authors: Eslava Castañeda Juan Carlos
Published: October 2021

Desde el comienzo de la actual pandemia de COVID 19, atribuida a un nuevo agente viral identificado como SARS-CoV-2, la referencia a otras epidemias no se hizo esperar. Ya fuese para resaltar lo novedoso de la actual o, por el contrario, para mostrar las continuidades o reiteraciones en la historia, los sucesos del pasado han estado muy presentes en las reflexiones del ahora. Y no es para menos, dado que la incertidumbre y angustia del presente nos ha puesto en una situación especial, proclive a buscar enseñanzas tanto en los logros como en las equivocaciones del pasado.
Factores que modifican la concordancia interobservador al interpretar imágenes radiográficas
Authors: Mamani Visa Remedios , Herrera Mujica Raúl , Ruiz García Vilma
Published: October 2021

Distintos estudios han reconocido la alta variabilidad en la interpretación de radiografías aún entre radiólogos experimentados. Existen varios factores que influyen en la ocurrencia de esta versatilidad. Simancas, et al, en el año 2016 menciona que existen factores que modifican la concordancia interobservador entre ellas se pueden citar la experiencia del evaluador y su familiaridad con la técnica empleada. En general a mayor experiencia por parte del examinador, mayor sería la concordancia esperada. En este sentido, Tewary, et al., en el año 2011 reportaron que los factores que parecían tener mayor impacto fueron los años de experiencia del observador además que es necesario una experiencia mínima de al menos un año para obtener una concordancia moderada entre examinadores. Aluja-Jaramillo, et al., indican que la poca experiencia en el campo podría explicar algunos resultados en las cuales es baja la concordancia; esto sugiere que la experiencia permite una mayor exactitud en la determinación de la normalidad y anormalidad en las imágenes radiográficas. Montero M, et al., sin embargo encontraron que a pesar de la diferencia en el nivel de experiencia de los examinadores, este no representó un factor decisivo para el correcto diagnostico radiológico de periodontitis apical.
Más aristas que solo el fraude: el caso de Dololed en Colombia
Authors: Rico Alba Israel
Published: October 2021

Se plantean las consecuencias, retos y oportunidades del sistema de vigilancia de fitofármacos falsificados.
Utilidad de YouTube como fuente de información durante las emergencias sanitarias: caso de la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Nieves Cuervo Giselly Mayerly , Espitia Duran Laura Tatiana , Moreno Salamanca María Andrea
Published: October 2021

Introducción: YouTube es la red social más utilizada en Latinoamérica, y se considera una herramienta educativa con gran capacidad de difusión e influencia en la comunidad, tanto de manera informativa como fraudulenta. Objetivos: evaluar la confiabilidad, calidad y utilidad de la información de video publicados en español en YouTube respecto a Covid-19, con el fin de evaluar la información que puede llegar a la población general. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal, en el que se realiza una búsqueda utilizando las palabras coronavirus y Covid-19, se analizan los primeros cien videos de manera simultánea por dos evaluadores separados, según instrumentos estandarizados. Resultados: se obtuvo 62 359 479 vistas, 95,76 % de los videos fueron informativos y 41,52 % fueron publicados por personal de salud. El mayor porcentaje de puntuación en confiabilidad con mDISCERN puntuó 3 (35,59 %), en calidad con GQS punto 1 (38,98 %), y en utilidad con CSS puntuó 0 (25,42 %). La mayoría de los videos e información no fraudulenta son generados por personal de salud, obteniendo mejores puntuaciones en relación con las métricas y GQS. Los videos realizados por usuarios independientes tuvieron 5,8 veces más probabilidad de ser engañosos (p=0,17). Conclusiones: la mayoría de los videos fueron informativos, y solo el 0,85 % tuvieron contenido engañoso, lo cual contrasta con estudios de epidemias anteriores, donde la mayor proporción de la información fue engañosa. Tal vez relacionado con estrategias de seguridad en contra de las noticias falsas. Los videos realizados por profesionales de la salud y entidades gubernamentales tienen baja probabilidad de generar información falsa.
Covid19 en la Región Caribe Colombiana: un análisis documental
Authors: Tuesca Rafael , Florez García Victor Alfonso , Acosta Vergara Tania Matilde , Guevara Romero Edwin , Ríos García Ana Liliana
Published: October 2021

Introducción: el impacto social y sanitario que ha generado la pandemia COVID-19 a nivel global permite repensar aspectos de vigilancia epidemiológica y comunicación en tiempos de crisis. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de la pandemia COVID-19 en los departamentos y distritos especiales de la región caribe colombiana. Materiales y Métodos: análisis documental e interpretativo a partir de fuentes secundarias de vigilancia nacional “SIVIGILA” y datos de entes territoriales. Resultados: Cartagena de Indias es la primera unidad territorial del Caribe en presentar casos por COVID-19, seguido de Santa Marta y Barranquilla. El mayor número de casos se registró en Barranquilla, Atlántico, Cartagena y Córdoba. Así mismo, la mayor tasa de muertes por 100 000 habitantes se registró en Barranquilla, Atlántico, Córdoba, Santa Marta, Sucre y Cartagena. En el Caribe se implementaron estrategias de distanciamiento social como prohibición de eventos masivos y cierre de fronteras. Discusión: Para describir el comportamiento de la pandemia es importante que las autoridades sanitarias continúen asumiendo el reto para la detección, sistematización y manejo oportuno de los casos. El comportamiento de la pandemia ha sido similar en los departamentos del Caribe Colombiano, hay una homogeneidad al momento de acatar las normas del gobierno, y cada región adaptó diferentes estrategias dentro de un marco general para reducir la incidencia de la enfermedad. Se recomienda fortalecer la similitud entre los datos reportados por el Ministerio de Salud, SIVIGILA y los entes territoriales. El talento humano en salud cualificado puede soportar este ejercicio a fin de superar la actuación mediática y avanzar hacia la gobernanza.