bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trimming and decontamination of metagenomic data can significantly impact assembly and binning metrics, phylogenomic and functional analysis
Authors: Whitham Jason , Grunden Amy M.
Published: May 2021

Background

Investigators using metagenomic sequencing to study their microbiomes are often provided data that has been trimmed and decontaminated or do it themselves without knowing the effect these procedures can have on their downstream analyses. Here we evaluated the impact that JGI trimming and decontamination procedures had on assembly and binning metrics, placement of metagenome assembled genomes into species trees, and functional profiles of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) extracted from twenty three complex rhizosphere metagenomes. We also investigated how more aggressive trimming impacts these binning metrics.
Results

We found that JGI trimmed and decontamination of input reads had some significant impacts in assembly and binning metrics compared to raw reads, and that differences in placement of MAGs in species trees increased with decreasing completeness and contamination thresholds. More aggressive trimming beyond those used by JGI were found to reduce MAG counts.
Conclusions

Mild trimming and decontamination of metagenomics reads prior to assembly can change an investigator’s answer to the questions, “Who is there and what are they doing? However, mild trimming and decontamination of metagenomic reads with high quality scores is recommended for those who elect to do so.
Comparison Efficiency of Combined Trabeculectomy with MMC and Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy
Authors: Olgun Ali , Celik Hacı Ugur , Yenihayat Fatih , Bozkurt Ercument , Sahbaz İbrahim
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy combined with cataract surgery (PGATT) and trabeculectomy combined with cataract surgery (PTRAB) in open-angle glaucoma patients.Methods: A multicentered, retrospective, non-randomized study included 67 PGATT patients and 70 PTRAB patients. We compared preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) compared with early and final IOP, medication numbers, and BCVA levels. Success was determined as IOP reduction >20% from baseline, IOP between 5-21 mmHg, preoperative IOP of higher than 21 mmHg with medication and postoperative IOP of less than 21 mmHg without medication for surgeries performed for intolerance to medication, postoperative IOP <21 mmHg as well as <18 mmHg separately without medications, and no need for further glaucoma surgery. Results: Preoperative IOP values were 28.61 ± 6.02 mmHg in PTRAB group and 23.99±8.00 mmHg in PGATT group (P<0.0001). Early postoperative IOP values were found lower in PTRAB group as 12.19 ± 3.41 mmHg and as 15.69 ± 4.67 mmHg in PGATT group (P<0.0001). Last follow-up IOP reading were lower in PGATT group (P=0.009). IOP difference values were found higher both in early and last postoperative periods in PTRAB group (respectively, P<0.0001, P=0.018). Success rates were found higher in both at lower than 21 and 18 mmHg levels in PGATT group (respectively, P=0.014, P=0.010).Conclusion: We found the PGATT combined procedure to be a well-tolerated, effective procedure that can lower IOP both early and late in the postoperative period with different rates of IOP success compared with the combined PTRAB procedure.
Synergistic Stimulation of Osteoblast Differentiation of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Leptin and 25(OH)D3 is Mediated by Inhibition of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy
Authors: He Qiting , Qin Ruixi , Glowacki Julie , Zhou Shuanhu , Shi Jie , Wang Shaoyi , Gao Yuan , Cheng Lei
Published: May 2021

Background

25(OH)D3 is important for the osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymual stem cells (BMMSCs), BMMSCs can directly hydroxylate 25(OH)D3 to 1α,25(OH)2D3 to induce osteoblast differentiation. Our previous research with human BMMSCs showed that the cell membrane receptor megalin is required for the 25(OH)D3-DBP complex to enter cells and thereby to stimulate osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, leptin was shown to upregulate megalin in those cells. Leptin is a known inhibitor of PI3K/AKT-dependent chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that leptin acts synergistically with 25(OH)D3 to promote osteoblastogenesis in rat BMMSCs by a mechanism that entails inhibition of PI3K/AKT-dependent CMA.
Methods

The BMMSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow, qRT-PCR and western immunoblots were used to evaluate the expression of megalin, ALP, COL1A1, RUNX2 and CMA activity. The osteoblast differentiation ability was evaluated by ALP activity, ALP staining, and calcium deposition.
Results

After rBMMSCs were exposed to a combination of leptin and 25(OH)D3, osteoblast differentiation was significantly enhanced, the expression of osteoblastogenic genes ALP, COL1A1, and RUNX2 by qRT-PCR were up-regulated, and ALP activity, ALP staining, and calcium deposition were also significantly increased. The quantity of 25(OH)D3 entering rBMMSCs was increased through increased megalin receptors, and ELISA confirmed that the synthesis of 1α,25(OH)2D3 was increased. Addition of a PI3K/AKT inhibitor reduced the synergistic effect of osteoblast differentiation of rBMMSCs induced by combination leptin with 25(OH)D3; the inhibited CMA activity was partially rescued by a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, and the expression of megalin was down-regulated. Up-regulation of megalin expression by leptin played a synergistic role in osteoblast differentiation of rBMMSCs induced by 25(OH)D3; leptin promoted the expression of megalin by inhibiting the activity of CMA activity.
Conclusions

These studies indicate that leptin enhanced 25(OH)D3 stimulation of osteoblast differentiation of rBMMSCs by inhibiting CMA activity to increase megalin expression, and that PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is at least partially involved in the regulation of CMA activity and megalin expression.
Evaluation of root lodging resistance during whole growth period in maize using the anti-lodging index defined as root failure moment divided by wind resultant moment
Authors: Wang Xiaohu , Lin Yinchang , Han Wei , Song Zhaoyu , Wang Shengjian , Yang Jinzhong
Published: May 2021

Background: Root lodging due to strong storm wind is a common problem in maize (Zea mays) production, leading to reduced crop yield and quality and harvest efficiency. Little information is available on quantifying effects of vertical leaf area distribution on root lodging in crops such as maize. The anti-lodging index of root was computed by the formula: ALroot = Mroot / Mwind, where AL denotes anti-lodging index, and M moment of force. Root failure moment of force equals to moment arm times max root side-pulling force measured in situ by means of the digital pole dynamometer, and wind resultant moment of force is estimated with vertical leaf area distribution and wind speed. Two maize cultivars, with contrasting root lodging resistance, were examined at 5 different growth stages from V8 to physiological maturity in 2019 and 2020, in Qingdao, China. Results: Root anti-lodging index in tested cultivars fluctuated to a small extent within any year during whole growth period excluding at V8, while there was an inter-annual shift in index means (1.23 vs 0.84). Both root failure moment and wind resultant moment increased first and then decreased with the growth stage, and their influence on root anti-lodging index varied with the year. At wind grade 6, effect sizes, as contribution to root anti-lodging index, of root moment and wind moment were respectively 0.88 and 0.98. The difference in anti-lodging index between cultivars seemed to be disappearing as wind grade goes up. Root failure moment of force positively related to single root tensile resistance, root-soil ball volume, root number and total root length, whose correlation coefficient was the maximum of 0.94. Conclusion: Root anti-lodging index of maize proved stable from V8 on during whole growth period, and vertical leaf area distribution played a substantial role in maize root lodging in terms of wind resultant moment. Our findings provide the insights into root lodging events in crops such as maize, and would serve an approach to assessing crop root lodging resistance in breeding and cultivation programs.
Effects of sample size on plant single-cell RNA profiling
Authors: Guo Longbiao , Chen Hongyu , Yin Xinxin , Chen Xi , Chu Qinjie , Zhu Qianhao , Fan Longbiao
Published: May 2021

Background: Single-cell RNA (scRNA) profiling or scRNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a rapidly developing technology and an important frontier of molecular biology science. scRNA profiling makes it possible to parallelly investigate diverse molecular features of multiple types of cells in a given plant tissue, and promotes elucidation of cellular heterogeneity and discovery of developmental processes underpinning cell differentiation. While it is assumed that the power of scRNA profiling in uncovering cellular heterogeneity largely depends on the depth of scRNA-seq, no study about the effect of the sequenced cell numbers on the power of plant scRNA-seq has ever been reported. Results: In this study, on the basis of analyzing the sample coverage of 1,244 available scRNA-seq studies (including 30 in plants) and the effect of sample coverage on cell clustering and identification of cell types, we evaluated the effects of sample size (i.e., cell number) on the outcome of single cell transcriptome analysis by sampling different number of cells from a pool of ~57,000 Arabidopsis thaliana root cells integrated from five published studies. Our results indicated that the most significant principle components could be achieved when 20,000-30,000 cells were sampled, a relatively high reliability of cell clustering could be achieved by using ~20,000 cells with little further improvement by using more cells, 96% of the differentially expressed genes could be successfully identified with no more than 20,000 cells, and a relatively stable pseudotime could be estimated in the sub-sample with 5,000 cells. Conclusions: Our results imply that ~20,000 (or 10,000 - 30,000[1] ) cells are enough for profiling Arabidopsis root cells using scRNA-seq, although the applicability of this number to other Arabidopsis tissues and other plants is yet to be further determined by analyzing scRNA-seq data generated from diverse tissues of different plant species. Nevertheless, our results provide a general guide for optimizing sample size to be used in plant scRNA-seq studies. Change to “or up to 300000”?
Alpha, Beta, and Gamma HPV Infection in Juvenile Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Bertinazzi Martina , Gheit Tarik , Polesel Jerry , McKay-Chopin Sandrine , Cutrone Cesare , Sari Marianna , Sbaraglia Marta , Tos Angelo Paolo Dei , Nicolai Piero , Tommasino Massimo , Boscolo-Rizzo Paolo
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The aim of our study is to evaluate the prevalence of different HPV genera – alpha, beta and gamma – in Juvenile onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (JoRRP) and examine the association of type and genus-specific viral features with the clinical outcome of disease.
Methods

This retrospective observational study includes consecutive patients with JoRRP who were treated in a referral centre between October 2000 and October 2020. All patients underwent cold excision and laser vaporization of papillomatous lesions. Samples were analysed for the presence of 120 viral genotypes (22 alpha-HPV, 46 beta-HPV, 52 gamma-HPV) using a highly sensitive multiplex genotyping assay.
Results

Twenty patients with JoRRP, aged 0.3–11 years old, were included, with a median follow-up of 13.5 years. All samples were HPV DNA positive: 20 (100%) for alpha-HPV DNA; 7 (35%) for beta – HPV DNA; 0 for gamma-HPV DNA. Three groups were defined according to the number of infections: seven cases (35%) with HPV mono-infection; ten cases (50%) with HPV double-infection; three cases (15%) with ≥ 3 HPV infections. At diagnosis, patients with ≥ 3 HPV infections reported higher median Derkay’s score than those with mono-infection (21 vs 14, P = 0.018). Number of HPV infections was also associated with clinical outcomes, with an average of 0.5 surgical procedures/year in patients with mono-infection, 1.2 for double-infection, 2.6 for ≥ 3 infections (P = 0.006).
Conclusion

Despite the small sample size, these preliminary data support an association between the number of different alpha and beta HPV co-infections and the clinical severity of the disease.
Absorbable Self-Retaining Barbed Double-Needle Suture(SRBDS) in Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for T1 Renal Neoplasms
Authors: Wei HaiBin , Bai YuChen , Zhang Qi , Mao ZuJie , Li EnHui , Wang Shuai , Qi XiaoLong , Liu Feng , Zhang DaHong
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and hemostatic efficacy of absorbable self-retaining barbed double-needle suture (SRBDS) in transperitoneal LPN for T1 renal neoplasms.MethodsIn total, 75 patients with renal neoplasm masses (< 7 cm) undergoing transperitoneal LPN were collected since January 2018 to October 2019. After tumor resection with a cold Endoscissor, 3-0 and 0 SRBDS was performed for inner and outer running stitches without either hem-o-lok or LapraTy clip, respectively. Patient demographic information, neoplasm characteristics, perioperative factors, and oncologic outcomes were collected and analyzed.ResultsAccording to our result, Median tumor size and R.E.N.A.L score was 4.69 cm and 7. Median operative time and overall warm ischemia time was 73 min and 13.14 min. Mean estimated blood loss was 67 ml. intraoperative complications was not showing up and no case was switched to open radical nephrectomy. Postoperative pathological assessment confirmed that negative surgical margins. only single patient experienced secondary surgery-related hemorrhage on the fifth day post-operation, and was treated by transfusion and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) highly selective embolization of the bleeding vessel. No patients developed urinoma or urinary fistula. the overall complications were manageable during three-year follow-up period.ConclusionSRBDS was a safe and efficient surgical endoscopic suturing technique with low complication rate in T1 renal neoplasms, which might be considered as an alternative to other suturing techniques, tissue sealants and glues for partial nephrectomy in the future.
BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT IN TOURISM: THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Lyulyov A. , Pimonenko T. , Khaba A. , Us Ya. , Huseynadze K. R. ogli
Published: May 2021

Tourism is considered to be one of the most profitable and dynamic sectors of the economy. However, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the following quarantine restrictions have caused substantial losses and a critical decline in supply and demand in the tourism sector. Furthermore, the mentioned above provokes a further recession in conditions of economic, social and political tension. Therefore, the urgency of solving this scientific problem lies in need to develop a new strategy for qualitative change and improvement of business processes in the tourism industry. Consequently, it will allow intensifying the efforts to restore the tourism sector of Ukraine. The primary purpose of the study is conducting the forecast of the tourism industry development in Ukraine during the pandemic COVID-19. There were two scenarios considered to build the forecast of tourism activity: 1) without the quarantine restrictions; 2) taking into account the quarantine restrictions on movement. The integrated model of moving average autoregression (ARIMA) became a methodological tool of the conducted research. The object of the study was the Ukraine resident’s requests on the traffic routes from January 13, 2020, to May 09, 2020. Eviews 11 SV software has become a tool for the practical implementation of all stages of this study. According to the results of empirical analysis, the recovery of the tourism sector will have a slightly positive trend in case of the quarantine restrictions. Thus, the authors emphasized the need to increase the tourism market competitiveness through the introducing the new proposals, ensuring a high level of hygiene and safety, attracting innovative management methods, active using the modern information technology, etc. The study results are considered to be the basis for further research on building a strategy for tourism recovery in Ukraine.
Assessing physical and mechanical properties of enclosing rock in the course of Malmyzhskoe gold-copper-porphyry deposit development
Authors: Tsoi Denis I.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. This work presents the results of complex technological and mineralogical studies. It has been discovered that some natural rocks are characterized by physical and mechanical properties variability 58 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 3. 2021 ISSN 0536-1028 even within a local area. It must be taken into account when assessing enclosing rocks utilization options. The results of Malmyzhskoye rock physical and mechanical properties study at the stage of geological exploration are considered. Research aim is to carry out integrated technological and mineralogical research and laboratory tests on rock physical and mechanical properties to assess the feasibility of using hard enclosing rock for construction. Research methodology. The geological and structural features of the field were established by comparative analysis of geological sections and maps, structural documentation of the core. In laboratory conditions, the physical and mechanical properties of the host rocks that make up the gold-copper-porphyry deposit were established. Results. After studying the mineral (chemical) composition and physical and mechanical properties of rocks, it was possible to obtain the dependence of the strength index on the structure, as well as on the content of dark-colored minerals and plagioclases. At the same time, there are no significant correlations between strength and density within the same rock type. Conclusions. The analysis shows that rocks with the same mineral composition and equal values of the true density, but with different texture and structure, show differences in strength properties. Keywords: Malmyzhskoe deposit; breakability; physical and mechanical properties; rocks; petrographic analysis; density; strength.
Penyelamat yang Berbalutkan Kekerasan: Dialog Film Bertema Kepahlawanan dan Tradisi Kekristenan
Authors: Barus Daniel Opristanta
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Superhero movies, filled with violence, are one of the products of popular culture which many people like nowadays. Its popularity shows that those movies refl ect what is going on in society. In the time when young people are exposed more to popular movies than Biblical stories, those movies play a great role in the formation of meaning among Christian youth. When a movie is presented in a more understandable language, the experience of watching the movie becomes a religious experience that is important for the formation of theology in the lives of Christians. Putting aside such experience will only make the church moving away from the life and need of Christians. Therefore a critical dialogue based on a revised correlational approach between what is experienced by Christians when watching superhero movies and what is taught by Christian tradition related to violence is very much needed. This writtng is intended to provide such a proposal.

 

Abstrak

Film superhero yang sarat akan kekerasan merupakan salah satu produk budaya populer yang sangat disukai oleh masyarakat pada saat ini. Kepopulerannya menunjukkan bahwa film-film tersebut sesungguhnya mencerminkan apa yang terjadi dalam diri masyarakat. Pada masa di saat kaum muda lebih banyak terpapar oleh film populer dibandingkan kisah-kisah dalam teks Alkitab, maka film-film populer ini memiliki peran yang besar dalam pembentukan makna bagi kaum muda Kristen. Ketika kisah dalam fi lm disajikan dalam bahasa yang lebih mudah dipahami, pengalaman menonton telah menjadi pengalaman religius yang memberi peran penting dalam pembentukan teologi yang hidup dalam diri umat. Mengesampingkan realita ini akan membawa Gereja semakin menjauh dari kehidupan dan kebutuhan umat. Karena itu diperlukan suatu dialog yang kritis melalui pendekatan revised correlational antara apa yang dialami umat lewat pengalaman menonton film superhero dengan apa yang diajarkan oleh tradisi Kekristenan terkait kekerasan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menawarkan proposal tentang hal tersebut.
Beyond Pluralism: Pendekatan Open Integrity Gerardette Philips sebagai Sebuah Upaya Dialog Pluri-Religius dalam Berteologi Interreligius di Indonesia (Yehezkiel Richard Siagian)
Authors: Siagian Yehezkiel Richard
Published: May 2021

Abstract

An openness to claims of truth, a response to relativism, and maintaining the uniqueness of each religion are the issues that the authors will discuss in this paper. In this paper, the approach of pluralism will be looked at again to build the integrity of each religion that is considered typical to be maintained. This study intends to build open integrity through Gerardette Philips’s writings on dialogue in interreligious relationships that each adherent hopes can be rooted in his religion but go to the heart of another religion. There is no way to deny the truth of the religion itself to understand the truth of another religion in a dialogue, but there is also no valuable value in other religions to be denied. The open integrity approach moves beyond pluralism and relativism.

Abstrak

Keterbukaan terhadap klaim kebenaran, respon pada relativisme, dan mempertahankan keunikan masing-masing agama adalah isu yang akan dibahas oleh penulis pada tulisan ini. Dalam tulisan ini, pendekatan pluralisme akan dilihat kembali dalam upaya membangun integritas masing-masing agama yang dianggap sebagai khas untuk dipertahankan. Studi ini berniat untuk membangun sebuah integritas yang terbuka melalui tulisan Gerardette Philips mengenai dialog dalam relasi interreligius yang diharapkan setiap penganut dapat berakar pada agamanya sendiri namun masuk ke jantung agama lain. Tidak ada cara untuk menolak kebenaran agama sendiri untuk mengerti kebenaran dari agama lain dalam sebuah dialog yang dilakukan, namun juga tidak ada nilai yang berharga dalam agama-agama lain yang harus disangkal. Pendekatan open integrity bergerak melampaui pluralisme dan relativisme.
Development of a MEMS hotplate-based photoacoustic CO2 sensor
Authors: Ishaku Lucky A. , Hutson David , Gibson Des
Published: May 2021

Instead of the conventional use of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) hotplate for metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) or nondispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensing, it was used for photoacoustic (PA) gas sensing. A low-cost MEMS microphone was used for the development of this MEMS hotplate PA carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first time that a MEMS hotplate and a MEMS microphone are combined for use in gas sensing with high modulation frequency. NDIR sensors use much more expensive photodetectors compared to the MEMS microphone used in this work. The MEMS hotplate and MEMS microphone have the desired characteristics of low power consumption, small size and low cost. The hotplate as a blackbody is a good infrared emitter which is suitable for CO2 detection around the 4.26 µm absorption band. Despite the significant radiation power loss due to high modulation frequency, the remaining/reduced power radiation power was still sufficient to excite CO2 molecules for PA signal generation. Temperature analysis on the sensor showed that PA signal decreases with an increase in temperature, which implies that compensation must be provided for such temperature effects. This work provides alternative optical gas sensing that is comparatively inexpensive compared to the conventional NDIR sensors and by using components that can be easily mass-produced, thereby making a valuable contribution to the fight against air pollution and global warming.
Rodzina w starzejącym się społeczeństwie – zagadnienia administracyjnoprawne
Authors: Mędrzycki Radosław
Published: May 2021

Artykuł dotyczy ważnej kwestii relacji państwa i rodziny w kontekście starzeją-cego się społeczeństwa. Autor analizuje te kwestie przez pryzmat konstytucyjnych obowiązków państwa względem rodziny oraz poszczególnych regulacji administracyjnoprawnych. Analizuje także kwestię wpływu zasady pomocniczości na te relacje stwierdzając, że stanowi ona z jednej strony barierę do zbytniego wkraczania w działalność rodziny względem jej członków, z drugiej strony nakazuje poszukiwać i stosować nowoczesne formy pomocy dla rodzin nieradzących sobie z wyzwaniami starzejącego się społeczeństwa.
Podstawowa opieka zdrowotna na rzecz dzieci i młodzieży
Authors: Musiał Kamil
Published: May 2021

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi analizę ustawodawstwa regulującego organizację podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej, w szczególności podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej na rzecz dzieci i młodzieży. W pierwszym rozdziale przedstawiono dotychczasowe rozwiązania polskiego ustawodawstwa w zakresie podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej, w szczególności prze-pisy ustawy z dnia 27 sierpnia 2004 r. o świadczeniach opieki zdrowotnej finansowanych ze środków publicznych. Kolejny rozdział skoncentrowano na regulacjach krajowych oraz międzynarodowych dotyczących podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej na rzecz dzieci i młodzieży, w tym postanowieniach Konstytucji. W kolejnej części przedstawiono rozwiązania zawarte w ustawie o podstawowej opiece zdrowotnej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem opieki na rzecz dzieci i młodzieży. Regulacje te są rezultatem szerokich konsultacji, w szczególności ze środowiskiem medycznym. W artykule wskazano główne przyczyny uchwalenia ustawy o podstawowej opiece zdrowotnej. Obecnie najważniejszym wyzwaniem dla stworzenia skutecznego systemu podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej na rzecz dzieci i młodzieży jest opracowanie efektywnych sposobów wypracowania projektów regulacji ustawowych w tym zakresie.
Organizational Contribution, Interpretation, and Application in Implementation of the Child Identity Card (KIA) Policy
Authors: Sutanto Hari Prasetyo , Putra Imam Radianto Anwar Setia
Published: May 2021

The provision of Child Identity Card (KIA) services does not necessarily provide satisfactory results. This is seen from the realization of Pangandaran District's results, where a Birth Certiﬁcate's achievement reached 84 percent in 2019. But in terms of achievement, it is still very minimal; namely, 24 out of 12,224 are obliged to Child Identity Card (KIA). The study aims to explain the organization's contribution, interpretation, and application of the Child Identity Card policy. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive-qualitative analysis method utilizing data obtained from interviews with elements of executing agency ofﬁcials, cooperation agencies, stakeholders in six local governments with the analysis technique using reduction, display, and conclusion. The study results reveal that policy implementation from the organizational aspect of the Child Identity Card (KIA) policy focuses on cooperating with other agencies based on the principle of mutual beneﬁt. It is necessary to create a legal umbrella for cooperation and eliminate sectoral selﬁshness between government agencies. In the Interpretation aspect, it can be seen that the understanding of the implementing agencies and cooperative agencies on Child Identity Card (KIA) is very good because the rules are clear, technical, and implemented. However, it requires socialization speciﬁcally for Child Identity Card (KIA) services to be carried out evenly and extensively in the service area and targeting the community/target groups. In the application aspect, there is still misuse of ink, printing tools, and blanks. Continuity of cooperation is constrained by the lack of proﬁt (small scale), limitations on authority, and e-ID card issuance for local elections (politics). The conclusion on the implementation of the Child Identity Card (KIA) policy poses challenges to the ability of human resources as policy implementers and the availability of service delivery infrastructure. Besides, the top-down implementation of the Child Identity Card (KIA) policy coupled with limited resources has an impact on the achievements of local government policies.
Fiscal Decentralization, Accountability and Corruption Indication: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Saputra Newin Ananta Aji , Setiawan Doddy
Published: May 2021

In the Corruption Perception Index 2019, Indonesia ranks 90th among 180 countries (Transparency International, 2020). Indonesia still among the lowest rank in the corruption index. This index shows that corruption is an important issue for Indonesia. Therefore, the study aims at examining the determinants of corruption in Indonesia. This study focuses on two important aspects: fiscal decentralization and accountability. Since the enactment of Law Number 22 of 1999, which was then revised by Law Number 32 of 2004, the local government can manage fiscal. It is expected that local governments can use resources for the improvement of the wealth of the citizens. Further, the local government has a responsibility for using the resources. However, there are cases regarding corruption in local government in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from local government financial statements to search the corruption indication, level of fiscal decentralization, and accountability. The study’s sample consists of 94 districts/cities on Java during the 2013-2015 period. The dependent variable in this study is an indication of corruption. Furthermore, the study divided corruption into three aspects: regional losses, potential regional losses, and revenue deficiency. The independent variables in this study were fiscal decentralization and accountability. This study uses multiple linear regression models to test the effect of fiscal decentralization and accountability on Indonesia’s corruption indicator. The result of the study shows that fiscal decentralization has a negative impact on corruption indication. The higher degree of fiscal decentralization minimizes the corruption indication in Java island. Meanwhile, fiscal decentralization has a negative effect on regional losses and revenue deficiency. Accountability has no significant on corruption indication. However, accountability has a negative impact on regional losses. In conclusion, both fiscal decentralization and accountability have curb corruption indication in the regional losses aspect.
Horizontes culturales de la historia del arte
Authors:   Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano
Published: May 2021

Este volumen constituye el inicio de una aventura de perspectivas y posibilidades en los programas de historia del arte de la Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, los cuales permiten formar estudiantes tenaces y capaces de asumir el reto del estudio sobre el objeto artístico, la imagen, la cultura visual y los lugares de la memoria del arte. Es el inicio de una conversación con la historia, que como bien la describe Ernst Gombrich, “es como un queso gruyer, está llena de agujeros”. En este sentido, lo interpela Peter Burke: “la historia es como un espejismo, nunca se alcanza, pero es bueno estar orientados por ella, es como vamos a estar más cerca de lograrla” (entrevista a Peter Burke, Berta Ares, 2013). Horizontes culturales de la historia del arte. Aportes para una acción compartida en Colombia da cuenta de reflexiones que van desde las invisibilidades, entendidas como silencios u omisiones en la historia del arte, pasando por las conexiones complejas entre estética e historia del arte, hasta las vicisitudes de su práctica en el museo o lugares alternativos. También examina la memoria del arte como nuevo modo de representación, relectura y construcción de subjetividad. Esta obra aborda temas y aproximaciones pertinentes, necesarios y posibilitadores de respuestas para tomar acciones concretas en el currículo y en los enfoques de estos programas dentro de un ineludible panorama en transformación.
Reflection on practice: an exploration of a virtual online collaboration as preparation for the year abroad
Authors: O'Reilly Claire
Published: May 2021

This paper describes an exploratory online intercultural exchange that took place between two universities, one in Ireland and the other in Germany. Students worked together virtually – across cultures and disciplines – on a project-based task for assessment. Based on an analysis of the reflective learning journals submitted over the course of the semester, there is evidence that a virtual online learning environment may be considered as an effective way of preparing students for a Year Abroad (YA), triggering a path of reflection and (inter-) cultural learning. From insights gained doing this Virtual Exchange (VE), a type of inventory for virtual online collaboration is suggested, which may serve as a task-checklist for future VEs.
Effectiveness of a Cloud-Based Telepathology System in China: Large-Sample Observational Study
Authors: He Xianying , Wang Linlin , Wang Li , Gao Jinghong , Cui Fangfang , Ma Qianqian , Zhang Wenjie , Wang Lin , Zhai Yunkai , Zhao Jie
Published: May 2021

Background

Whole-slide imaging allows the entire slide to be viewed in a manner that simulates microscopy; therefore, it is widely used in telepathology. However, managing the large digital files needed for whole-slide imaging is difficult. To solve this problem, we set up the Chinese National Cloud-Based Telepathology System (CNCTPS). CNCTPS has been running for more than 4 years and has accumulated a large amount of data.

Objective

The main purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of the CNCTPS based on a large sample. The evaluation indicators included service volume, turnaround time, diagnosis accuracy, and economic benefits.

Methods

Details of 23,167 cases submitted to the CNCTPS from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected to analyze the service volume, turnaround time, and economic benefits. A total of 564 patients who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and obtained final diagnoses were followed up to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the CNCTPS.

Results

From 2016 to 2019, the service volume of the CNCTPS increased from 2335 to 9240, and the number of participating hospitals increased from 60 to 74. Consultation requests from county-level hospitals accounted for 86.57% (20,287/23,167). A total of 17,495 of 23,167 cases (75.52%) were confirmed, including 12,088 benign lesions, 5217 malignant lesions, and 190 borderline lesions. Of the cases, 3.85% (893/23,167) failed to be diagnosed for reasons such as poor slice quality and incomplete sampling. The median turnaround time was 16.93 hours and was shortened yearly (between 2018 and 2019: adjusted P=.01; other groups: adjusted P<.001); 82.88% cases were diagnosed in 48 hours. There was a discrepancy between the diagnosis and final diagnosis for 11 cases, including 4 false-positive cases and 7 false-negative cases. The sensitivity and specificity were 97.66% and 98.49%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the system was 98.05%, with no statistical difference from the final diagnosis in the hospital (P=.55). By using this system, a total of US $300,000 was saved for patients every year.

Conclusions

The novel cloud-based telepathology system has the potential to relieve the shortage of pathologists in primary hospitals. It can also simultaneously reduce medical costs for patients in China. It should, therefore, be further promoted to enhance the efficiency, quantity, and quality of telepathology diagnoses.
A Newly Developed Online Peer Support Community for Depression (Depression Connect): Qualitative Study
Authors: Smit Dorien , Vrijsen Janna N , Groeneweg Bart , Vellinga-Dings Amber , Peelen Janneke , Spijker Jan
Published: May 2021

Background

Internet support groups enable users to provide peer support by exchanging knowledge about and experiences in coping with their illness. Several studies exploring the benefits of internet support groups for depression have found positive effects on recovery-oriented values, including empowerment. However, to date, little attention has been paid to user narratives.

Objective

This study aims to capture the user perspective on an online peer support community for depression with a focus on the modes of user engagement and the benefits users derive from participation in the forum.

Methods

In this qualitative study, we conducted 15 semistructured interviews with users of Depression Connect, a newly developed online peer support community for individuals with depression. Combining a concept-driven and a data-driven approach, we aimed to gain insight into what users value in our Depression Connect platform and whether and how the platform promotes empowerment. We performed a thematic analysis to explore the merits and demerits reported by users by using theoretical concepts widely used in internet support group research. In the subsequent data-driven analysis, we sought to understand the relationship between different styles of user engagement and the participants’ experiences with the use of Depression Connect. Data analysis consisted of open, axial, and selective coding. To include as diverse perspectives as possible, we opted for purposive sampling. To verify and validate the (interim) results, we included negative cases and performed member checks.

Results

We found participation in Depression Connect contributes to a sense of belonging, emotional growth, self-efficacy, and empowerment. “Getting too caught up” was the most frequently reported negative aspect of using Depression Connect. The deployment and development of three participation styles (ie, reading, posting, and responding) affected the perceived benefits of Depression Connect use differentially, where the latter style was central to enhancing empowerment. “Being of value to others” boosted the users’ belief in their personal strength. Finally, Depression Connect was predominantly used to supplement offline support and care for depression, and it mainly served as a safe environment where members could freely reflect on their coping mechanisms for depression and exchange and practice coping strategies.

Conclusions

Our findings shed new light on user engagement processes on which internet support groups rely. The online community primarily served as a virtual meeting place to practice (social) skills for deployment in the offline world. It also allowed the members to learn from each other’s knowledge and experiences and explore newly gained insights and coping skills.
The Jordan Stillbirth and Neonatal Mortality Surveillance (JSANDS) System: Evaluation Study
Authors: Khader Yousef , Alyahya Mohammad , El-Khatib Ziad , Batieha Anwar , Al-Sheyab Nihaya , Shattnawi Khulood
Published: May 2021

Background

The Jordan Stillbirth and Neonatal Mortality Surveillance (JSANDS) is an electronic surveillance system that automatically transfers the data on births, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths to the concerned authorities in the Ministry of Health. JSANDS was implemented and tested in 5 maternity hospitals during the period spanning May 2019 through December 2020.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness and performance of JSANDS to register births, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths, and determine their causes. Specifically, this study examined the JSANDS attributes of acceptability, simplicity, flexibility, stability, representativeness, sustainability, penetration, data quality, sensitivity, and adoption.

Methods

An evaluation study was conducted after 18 months of the JSANDS implementation using the Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems. The evaluation focused on how well the system operated to meet its purpose and objectives. The indicators assessing the system attributes were scored on a Likert scale. Each indicator and overall attribute percentage score was represented as score rank and interpreted as excellent (score ≥80%), good (score ≥60 and <80%), average (score ≥40 and <60%), and poor (score <40%).

Results

A total of 270 health care professionals participated in this study and evaluated the system performance. The system users rated the usefulness of JSANDS as excellent (percentage score=85.6%). The overall acceptability (percentage score=82.3%), flexibility (percentage score=80.2%), stability (percentage score=80.0%), and representativeness (percentage score=86.6%) were also rated excellent. The overall simplicity was scored good (percentage score=75.4%). All participants were trained on JSANDS and used it in the past 12 months. Of the 270 respondents, 219 (86.2%) reported that they intend to continue using the JSANDS system to register neonatal deaths and stillbirths in the future. All variables in JSANDS had complete data with no missing values.

Conclusions

The performance of JSANDS in registering all stillbirths and neonatal deaths as well as their causes was excellent. Almost all attributes and indicators of JSANDS functionality were rated excellent. JSANDS can be scaled up to cover all maternity hospitals in Jordan. The potential for scaling up the system is very high for many reasons, including its usefulness, simplified stillbirth and neonatal death review tools, and ease of the reporting process.
The Evolution of Rumors on a Closed Social Networking Platform During COVID-19: Algorithm Development and Content Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Andrea W , Lan Jo-Yu , Wang Ming-Hung , Yu Chihhao
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic put the world in a crisis regarding both physical and psychological health. Simultaneously, a myriad of unverified information flowed on social media and online outlets. The situation was so severe that the World Health Organization identified it as an infodemic in February 2020.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to examine the propagation patterns and textual transformation of COVID-19–related rumors on a closed social media platform.

METHODS

We obtained a data set of suspicious text messages collected on Taiwan’s most popular instant messaging platform, LINE, between January and July 2020. We proposed a classification-based clustering algorithm that could efficiently cluster messages into groups, with each group representing a rumor. For ease of understanding, a group is referred to as a “rumor group.” Messages in a rumor group could be identical or could have limited textual differences between them. Therefore, each message in a rumor group is a form of the rumor.

RESULTS

A total of 936 rumor groups with at least 10 messages each were discovered among 114,124 text messages collected from LINE. Among 936 rumors, 396 (42.3%) were related to COVID-19. Of the 396 COVID-19–related rumors, 134 (33.8%) had been fact-checked by the International Fact-Checking Network–certified agencies in Taiwan and determined to be false or misleading. By studying the prevalence of simplified Chinese characters or phrases in the messages that originated in China, we found that COVID-19–related messages, compared to non–COVID-19–related messages, were more likely to have been written by non-Taiwanese users. The association was statistically significant, with P<.001, as determined by the chi-square independence test. The qualitative investigations of the three most popular COVID-19 rumors revealed that key authoritative figures, mostly medical personnel, were often misquoted in the messages. In addition, these rumors resurfaced multiple times after being fact-checked, usually preceded by major societal events or textual transformations.

CONCLUSIONS

To fight the infodemic, it is crucial that we first understand why and how a rumor becomes popular. While social media has given rise to an unprecedented number of unverified rumors, it also provides a unique opportunity for us to study the propagation of rumors and their interactions with society. Therefore, we must put more effort into these areas.
Prevalensi Penyakit Arteri Perifer Berdasarkan Nilai Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index di Universitas Mulawarman
Authors: Aminuddin Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi penyakit arteri perifer (PAP) pada tahun 2015 di dunia diperkirakan lebih dari 200 juta orang. Penyakit ini terjadi pada <0,4 per 1000 orang pada usia 35-45 tahun dan 6 dari 1000 orang pada usia di atas 65 tahun.  Namun prevalensi PAP dan faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi usia remaja sampai saat ini belum tergambarkan dengan jelas.Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor risiko penyakit arteri perifer pada mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran Universitas Mulawarman.Metode: Penelitian ini melibatkan 141 responden dengan teknik pengambilan responden purposive sampling. PAP ditegakkan dengan interpretasi nilai ankle-brachial  pressure index (ABPI). Nilai ABPI diukur menggunakan doppler vaskular dan sfigmomanometer, sedangkan faktor risiko diukur menggunakan kuesioner.Hasil: Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi  52,5% responden memiliki nilai ABPI normal, 44,7% mengalami PAP (ringan dan sedang) dan 2,8% kalsifikasi pembuluh darah. Faktor risiko PAP tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan nilai ABPI/PAP dengan p value 0,730 (konsumsi makanan asin), 0,823 (konsumsi manis), 0,718 (minum kopi), 0,445 (merokok), dan 0,981 (aktivitas fisik).Kesimpulan: Kebiasaan mengkonsumsi makanan asin, makanan manis, minum kopi berlebih, dan kebiasaan merokok serta aktivitas fisik yang kurang dapat menurunkan nilai ABPI atau menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya penyakit arteri perifer.
Конференция IX Конгресса Технологической платформы РФ «ФОТОНИКА»: «Оптические материалы и компоненты»
Authors: Трасковецкая Д.В.
Published: May 2021

ПАО «НПО «АЛМАЗ» имени академика А. А. Расплетина, Москва, Россия
Представлен краткий обзор докладов научно-­технической конференции «Оптические материалы и компоненты», которая прошла в рамках IX Конгресса технологической платформы РФ «Фотоника». Конгресс сопровождал 15‑ю юбилейную Международную специализированную выставку лазерной, оптической и оптоэлектронной техники «Фотоника. Мир лазеров и оптики‑2021». Разнообразие представленных докладчиками разработок подчеркнуло актуальность развития области. Были представлены новые установки, оборудование, технологии, процессы и материалы. Большое количество экспериментов, оригинальных решений, а также профессиональных коопераций и планов говорит о повышенном интересе к теме оптических материалов.
Очки ночного видения и особенности их применения
Authors: Медведев А.В. , Гринкевич А.В. , Князева С.Н.
Published: May 2021

В статье рассмотрен особый класс оптико-­электронных приборов – ​очки ночного видения, позволяющие не только улучшить видимость в различных условиях наблюдения и освобождающие руки наблюдателя для выполнения различных операций, сопутствующих наблюдению. Приведены варианты двухканальных очков ночного видения с каналами IR+TV и TV+SWIR диапазонов, рассмотрены преимущества их применения.
Объективы с дифракционно­ограниченным разрешением
Authors: Шишкин И.П. , Шкадаревич А.П.
Published: May 2021

Рассмотрены оптические характеристики трех классических объективов: 6‑линзового «Гелиос», 4‑линзового «Индустар» и 3‑линзового «Таир» с точки зрения применения в современных цифровых камерах.