bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between failed eradication of 7-day triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori and untreated dental caries in Japanese adults
Authors: Iwai Komei , Azuma Tetsuji , Yonenaga Takatoshi , Sasai Yasuyuki , Watanabe Kazutoshi , Obora Akihiro , Deguchi Fumiko , Kojima Takao , Tomofuji Takaaki
Published: February 2024

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a cause of gastric disorders and is treated mainly by pharmacotherapy with antimicrobial agents. An association has been reported between dental caries and H. pylori infection. As antimicrobial agents are less effective inside dental caries because of impaired blood circulation, the presence of untreated dental caries (decayed teeth) may influence the success of H. pylori eradication treatment. In this cross-sectional study, we examined whether failed eradication of H. pylori was associated with decayed teeth in Japanese adults. Enrolled were 226 participants who received dental checkups among those treated for eradication of H. pylori at Asahi University Hospital between April 2019 and March 2021. Treatment efficacy was assessed by urea breath test. Eradication failed in 38 participants (17%), decayed teeth in 32 participants (14%), and number of 0.34 teeth per participants. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that failed eradication of H. pylori was associated with decayed teeth (presence: odds ratio, 2.672; 95% confidence interval, 1.093–6.531) after adjusting for gender, age, and brushing frequency. These results indicate that failed eradication of H. pylori was associated with decayed teeth and suggest that untreated dental caries may impact treatment for eradication of H. pylori.
FOXM1: a new therapeutic target of extramammary Paget disease
Authors: Ito Takamichi , Tanaka Yuka , Kaku-Ito Yumiko , Oda Yoshinao , Nakahara Takeshi
Published: February 2024

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare skin cancer that primarily affects older individuals predominantly in areas with apocrine sweat glands. Although most early EMPD lesions are indolent, patients with metastatic EMPD have a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective systemic treatment. In this study, we investigated the role of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), a potent transcription factor, in EMPD and assessed the potential of FOXM1 as a therapeutic target. Immunohistochemistry of 112 primary and 17 metastatic EMPD samples revealed that FOXM1 expression increased with tumor progression. Patients in whom FOXM1 was expressed in more than 10% of tumor cells had significantly shorter disease-specific survival than the other patients (p = 0.0397). In in vitro studies using our newly established EMPD cell line, KS-EMPD-1, we found high expression of FOXM1. Knockdown of FOXM1 impaired tumor cell viability, migration, and invasion. Inhibition of FOXM1 using thiostrepton also reduced tumor cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that FOXM1 is a promising therapeutic target for patients with EMPD.
Utilizing physician modified fenestration on the castor branched stent technique for reconstruction of an isolated left vertebral artery on the aortic arch
Authors: Luo Zeng-Rong , Li Sai-Lan , Chen Liang-Wan , Huang Rong-Da
Published: February 2024

The study aimed to provide physician modified fenestration (PMF) on a single-branched stent for the aortic arch (Castor) to protect the isolated left vertebral artery (ILVA) during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Patients who underwent TEVAR involving ILVA reconstruction through PMF performing on the Castor branched stent were included in a retrospective, multi-centre study from June 2018 to December 2022. In these patients, all proximal landing zones of "Castor" were positioned in Ishimaru zone 2a. A total of twenty-five patients met the inclusion criteria and the achievement rate showed 25/25 (100%) success in them. The twenty-five patients had a median follow-up length of 28.5 ± 14.6 months. One patient (4.0%) suffered from postoperative ischemic stroke before discharge. One patient (4.0%) died from a hemodialysis-related brain hemorrhage before discharge on the 29th day after the procedure. One patient died of advanced liver cancer in the 33th month after discharge. Aortic rupture, stroke or spinal cord injury did not occur throughout the follow-up period after discharge. Two patients (8.0%) experienced endoleak at the fenestration, however, resulting in only one’s necessity for reintervention. Notably, the procedure effectively maintained ILVAs patency for all patients during follow up. According to our preliminary findings, performing a TEVAR under local anaesthesia using PMF on a Castor branched stent for ILVA preservation appeared practical, secure, and effective.
Clinical and radiological outcomes of non-window-type bioactive glass–ceramic cage in single-level ACDF versus PEEK cage filled with autologous bone
Authors: Kwon Ji-Won , Lee Yong Ho , Lee Byung Ho , Kim Jae Hong , Suk Kyung Soo
Published: February 2024

Bioactive glass–ceramic (BGC) cage is a substitute for polyether ether ketone (PEEK) cages in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Only a few comparative studies exist using PEEK and non-window-type BGC cages (CaO–SiO2–P2O5–B2O3) in single-level ACDF. This study compared PEEK cages filled with autologous iliac bone grafts and BGC cages regarding clinical safety and effectiveness. A retrospective case series was performed on 40 patients who underwent single-level ACDF between October 2020 and July 2021 by a single orthopedic spine surgeon. The spacers used in each ACDF were a PEEK cage with a void filled with an autologous iliac bone graft and a non-window-type BGC cage in 20 cases. The grafts were compared pre-operatively and post-operatively at 6 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months. Post-operative complications were investigated in each group. Clinical outcome was measured, including Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores of neck and arm pains, Japanese Orthopedic Association score (JOA), and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Dynamic lateral radiographs were used to assess the inter-spinous motion (ISM) between the fusion segment and subsidence. The fusion status was evaluated using a computed tomography (CT) scan. Overall, 39 patients (19 and 20 patients in the PEEK and BGC groups, respectively) were recruited. Eighteen (94.7%) and 19 (95.0%) patients in the PEEK and BGC groups, respectively, were fused 12 months post-operatively, as assessed by ISM in dynamic lateral radiograph and bone bridging formation proven in CT scan. The PEEK and BGC groups showed substantial improvement in neck and arm VAS, JOA, and NDI scores. No substantial difference was found in clinical and radiological outcomes between the PEEK and BGC groups. However, the operation time was considerably shorter in the BGC group than in the PEEK group. In conclusion, a non-window-type BCG cage is a feasible substitute for a PEEK cage with an autologous iliac bone graft in single-level ACDF.
Quantitative detection of sleep apnea in adults using inertial measurement unit embedded in wristwatch wearable devices
Authors: Hayano Junichiro , Adachi Mine , Sasaki Fumihiko , Yuda Emi
Published: February 2024

Sleep apnea (SA) is associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and accidents due to sleepiness, yet the majority (over 80%) of patients remain undiagnosed. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are built into modern wearable devices and are capable of long-term continuous measurement with low power consumption. We examined if SA can be detected by an IMU embedded in a wristwatch device. In 122 adults who underwent polysomnography (PSG) examinations, triaxial acceleration and triaxial gyro signals from the IMU were recorded during the PSG. Subjects were divided into a training group and a test groups (both n = 61). In the training group, an algorithm was developed to extract signals in the respiratory frequency band (0.13–0.70 Hz) and detect respiratory events as transient (10–90 s) decreases in amplitude. The respiratory event frequency estimated by the algorithm correlated with the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) of the PSG with r = 0.84 in the test group. With the cutoff values determined in the training group, moderate-to-severe SA (AHI ≥ 15) was identified with 85% accuracy and severe SA (AHI ≥ 30) with 89% accuracy in the test group. SA can be quantitatively detected by the IMU embedded in wristwatch wearable devices in adults with suspected SA.
Delineating functional and molecular impact of ex vivo sample handling in precision medicine
Authors: Struyf Nona , Österroos Albin , Vesterlund Mattias , Arnroth Cornelia , James Tojo , Sunandar Stephanie , Mermelekas Georgios , Bohlin Anna , Hamberg Levedahl Kerstin , Bengtzén Sofia , Jafari Rozbeh , Orre Lukas M. , Lehtiö Janne , Lehmann Sören , Östling Päivi , Kallioniemi Olli , Seashore-Ludlow Brinton , Erkers Tom
Published: February 2024

Consistent handling of samples is crucial for achieving reproducible molecular and functional testing results in translational research. Here, we used 229 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples to assess the impact of sample handling on high-throughput functional drug testing, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, and flow cytometry. Our data revealed novel and previously described changes in cell phenotype and drug response dependent on sample biobanking. Specifically, myeloid cells with a CD117 (c-KIT) positive phenotype decreased after biobanking, potentially distorting cell population representations and affecting drugs targeting these cells. Additionally, highly granular AML cell numbers decreased after freezing. Secondly, protein expression levels, as well as sensitivity to drugs targeting cell proliferation, metabolism, tyrosine kinases (e.g., JAK, KIT, FLT3), and BH3 mimetics were notably affected by biobanking. Moreover, drug response profiles of paired fresh and frozen samples showed that freezing samples can lead to systematic errors in drug sensitivity scores. While a high correlation between fresh and frozen for the entire drug library was observed, freezing cells had a considerable impact at an individual level, which could influence outcomes in translational studies. Our study highlights conditions where standardization is needed to improve reproducibility, and where validation of data generated from biobanked cohorts may be particularly important.
Electrochemical screening of selected β-blockers at a polarized liquid–liquid interface
Authors: Sobczak Karolina , Rudnicki Konrad , Poltorak Lukasz
Published: February 2024

An electrochemical study of β-blockers at the electrified liquid–liquid interface and their detection in pharmaceutical formulations.
A covalent compound selectively inhibits RNA demethylase ALKBH5 rather than FTO
Authors: Lai Gan-Qiang , Li Yali , Zhu Heping , Zhang Tao , Gao Jing , Zhou Hu , Yang Cai-Guang
Published: February 2024

We discovered that TD19 covalently and selectively inhibits ALKBH5 rather than FTO demethylase in both protein-based and tumor cell-based assays.
α-Si3N4 dendrites and whiskers fabricated using electron irradiation technology
Authors: Qiu Mengting , Lu Yunxiang , Jia Zhenglin , Yang Mingyang , Hu Xiaofei , Hao Mingxin , Nishimura Kazuhito , Jiang Nan , Yuan Qilong , Lin Cheng-Te , Cui Junfeng
Published: February 2024

Tree-like α-Si3N4 dendrites and [001]-oriented unbranched α-Si3N4 whiskers are fabricated using electron irradiation technology.
Mechanistic insights into the co-recovery of nickel and iron via integrated carbon mineralization of serpentinized peridotite by harnessing organic ligands
Authors: Katre Shreya , Ochonma Prince , Asgar Hassnain , Nair Archana M , K Ravi , Gadikota Greeshma
Published: February 2024

Mechanisms underlying co-recovery of energy critical metals and carbon mineralization by harnessing organic ligands are uncovered by investigating the influence of chemical and mineral heterogeneity and the morphological transformations of minerals.
Targeted protein degradation directly engaging lysosomes or proteasomes
Authors: Kim Jiseong , Byun Insuk , Kim Do Young , Joh Hyunhi , Kim Hak Joong , Lee Min Jae
Published: February 2024

This review delineates emerging technologies for targeted protein degradation that directly involve lysosomes or proteasomes. It explores their unique features, advantages, and limitations, offering perspectives on future therapeutic applications.
Comparison between dynamic versus static models and real-time monitoring of neuronal dysfunction in an amyloid-β induced neuronal toxic model on a chip platform
Authors: Liang Chu-Chun , Chen Po-Yen , Liu Nien-Che , Lee I-Chi
Published: February 2024

A 3D neural spheroid-based system with an interstitial level of flow for simulating the brain microenvironment toward a dynamic amyloid-β induced neuronal toxic model was established. A real-time impedance recording was used to monitor the neural network formation and disconnection.
Metal-free, direct acylation of purines to access C6-acylated purine derivatives induced by TBHP via Minisci-type reaction
Authors: Zou Chunhui , Yu Mingwu , Jiang Zhongkai , Liu Xiguang , Chen Yiwen , Zhang Lele
Published: February 2024

The highly C6-regioselective acylation of purines with aldehydes was developed to access C6-acylated purines via green radical reactions without metal catalysts or light.
Three-dimensional N-doped carbon nanosheets loaded with heterostructured Ni/Ni3ZnC0.7 nanoparticles for selective and efficient CO2 reduction
Authors: Liao Li , Jia Chunguang , Wu Songjiang , Yu Shenjie , Wen Zhenhai , Ci Suqin
Published: February 2024

A Ni/Ni3ZnC0.7-NC catalyst with heterojunctions of Ni and Ni3ZnC0.7 was synthesized by controlling the annealing temperature, demonstrating enormous potential in efficient CO2 conversion and Zn–CO2 energy storage applications.
A tutorial review of linear rheology for polymer chemists: basics and best practices for covalent adaptable networks
Authors: Ricarte Ralm G. , Shanbhag Sachin
Published: February 2024

This tutorial review of linear viscoelasticity is targeted at polymer chemists working with covalent adaptable networks. It provides an overview of concepts, analysis, misconceptions, and best practices for rheological experiments.
A high-pressure phase of Na2CuF4 with eight-coordinated Cu2+ – a low-pressure analogue of Mg2SiO4
Authors: Upadhyay Deepak , Pillai Sharad Babu , Drapała Jakub , Mazej Zoran , Kurzydłowski Dominik
Published: February 2024

DFT calculations and Raman spectroscopy measurements indicate that pressure induces in Na2CuF4 a phase transition from variants of the Sr2PbO4 post-perovskite structure to a novel Th3P4-like polymorph whose properties closely mimic those of Mg2SiO4.
Sunlight-driven and gram-scale vanillin production via Mn-defected γ-MnO2 catalyst in aqueous environment
Authors: Ke Qingping , Zhang Yurong , Wan Chao , Tang Jun , Li Shenglai , Guo Xu , Han Minsu , Hamada Takashi , Osman Sameh M. , Kang Yunqing , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate Mn-defected γ-MnO2 as photocatalyst for synthesis of vanillin in aqueous environment under room temperature. The ˙OH species on Mn-defected γ-MnO2 act as reactive oxygen species for oxidation of vanillyl alcohol into vanillin.
Reticular synthesis of 8-connected carboxyl hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks for white-light-emission
Authors: Xi Xiao-Juan , Li Yang , Lang Feifan , Pang Jiandong , Bu Xian-He
Published: February 2024

Under the guidance of reticular chemistry, two isostructural HOFs were constructed from 8-connected carboxylic acids for white light emission applications.
Long live(d) CsPbBr3 superlattices: colloidal atomic layer deposition for structural stability
Authors: Lapointe Victoria , Green Philippe B. , Chen Alexander N. , Buonsanti Raffaella , Majewski Marek B.
Published: February 2024

Colloidal atomic layer deposition of alumina shells onto perovskite nanocrystals and their subsequent self-assembly into uniform superlattices yields structures that are resistant against aging in an inert atmosphere for over 25 days.
In situ Pd-doped MoS2 nanosheets as an HER electrocatalyst for enhanced electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Gupta Jyoti , Das Dibakar , Borse Pramod H. , Sarada B. V.
Published: February 2024

In situ Pd doping in nanostructured MoS2 has been achieved with a simple and scalable one-step synthesis method. Induced sulfur vacancies, expanded interlayer spacing and 1T/2H phase formation allow efficient and stable HER during electrocatalytic water splitting in acidic, alkaline and sea water.
Organocatalytic enantioselective oxa-Piancatelli rearrangement
Authors: Sarkar Rahul , Korell Alexander , Schneider Christoph
Published: February 2024

The first highly enantioselective oxa-Piancatelli rearrangement rearranges furyl-2-carbinols into densely substituted γ-hydroxy cyclopentenones in high yield and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
Correction: Spent tea leaves templated synthesis of highly active and durable cobalt-based trifunctional versatile electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Ahsan Md Ariful , Imam Muhammad A. , Puente Santiago Alain R. , Rodriguez Alejandro , Alvarado-Tenorio Bonifacio , Bernal Ricardo , Luque Rafael , Noveron Juan C.
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘Spent tea leaves templated synthesis of highly active and durable cobalt-based trifunctional versatile electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions’ by Md Ariful Ahsan et al., Green Chem., 2020, 22, 6967–6980, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0GC02155E.
Correction: pH-Responsive fluorescent graphene quantum dots for fluorescence-guided cancer surgery and diagnosis
Authors: Fan Zetan , Zhou Shixin , Garcia Cesar , Fan Louzhen , Zhou Jiangbing
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘pH-Responsive fluorescent graphene quantum dots for fluorescence-guided cancer surgery and diagnosis’ by Zetan Fan et al., Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 4928–4933, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NR00888K.
Nickel-free cross-electrophile coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides with thiosulfonates and sulfinyl sulfones
Authors: Fan Qiujin , Zhao Yanchuang , Liang Jintao , Zhang Yan , Xu Yuenian , Zhang Qingqing , Zhu Hua , Jiang Min , Shao Xinxin
Published: February 2024

An unusual zinc-promoted reductive coupling between alkyl bromides and thiosulfonates under nickel-free conditions is described.
Cross‐modal knowledge learning with scene text for fine‐grained image classification
Authors: Xiong Li , Mao Yingchi , Wang Zicheng , Nie Bingbing , Li Chang
Published: February 2024

Scene text in natural images carries additional semantic information to aid in image classification. Existing methods lack full consideration of the deep understanding of the text and the visual text relationship, which results in the difficult to judge the semantic accuracy and the relevance of the visual text. This paper proposes image classification based on Cross modal Knowledge Learning of Scene Text (CKLST) method. CKLST consists of three stages: cross‐modal scene text recognition, text semantic enhancement, and visual‐text feature alignment. In the first stage, multi‐attention is used to extract features layer by layer, and a self‐mask‐based iterative correction strategy is utilized to improve the scene text recognition accuracy. In the second stage, knowledge features are extracted using external knowledge and are fused with text features to enhance text semantic information. In the third stage, CKLST realizes visual‐text feature alignment across attention mechanisms with a similarity matrix, thus the correlation between images and text can be captured to improve the accuracy of the image classification tasks. On Con‐Text dataset, Crowd Activity dataset, Drink Bottle dataset, and Synth Text dataset, CKLST can perform significantly better than other baselines on fine‐grained image classification, with improvements of 3.54%, 5.37%, 3.28%, and 2.81% over the best baseline in mAP, respectively.
Design of an efficiency enhanced wideband Doherty power amplifier based on synthesising of a modified harmonic‐control load modulation network
Authors: Abounemra A. M. Elelimy , Helaoui Mohamed , Ghannouchi Fadhel M.
Published: February 2024

A design of a broadband Doherty power amplifier (DPA) using a novel harmonic control network (HCN) is presented. The DPA structure focused on manipulating harmonic components using this new HCN to enhance the bandwidth of operation and power efficiency. The proposed HCN combines a third harmonic suppression network (THSN) with the second harmonic impedance inverter circuit (SHIIC). In the design, the second harmonic component of the main transistor and the peaking transistor are short‐circuited by their associated SHIIC. Additionally, the carefully designed SHIIC and THSN circuit placed between the main and peaking transistors realise open circuit conditions at the third harmonic for both transistors at the saturation state and back‐off regions. Side by side with the aid of the properly designed post‐matching tuned network (PMTN), these harmonic loading conditions make both amplifiers to operate in continuous Class‐F modes with enhanced‐added efficiencies over wideband conditions. As a result, a succession of highly efficient DPA modes can be formed over a continuous frequency range in the full Doherty region, resulting in a reduced‐size enhanced power efficiency wideband DPA. For verification, a wideband DPA operating from 1.1 to 1.8 GHz was designed and implemented using the proposed topology. The measured drain efficiency of the implemented DPA at 6‐dB back‐off is 52.5%–67.5%, while the saturated power across the specified bandwidth is 43–43.7 dBm. The fabricated DPA exhibits an average efficiency of 48.7%–59.4%, when supplied by a 40‐MHz long‐term evolution (LTE) signal with a 7.5‐dB peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). Performing digital pre‐distortion (DPD) improves the adjacent channel power ratio (ACLR) from −25.8 dBc to −47.6 dBc.
MMW‐FC: A novel railway fastener detecting method based on millimetre wave radar for train positioning
Authors: Sun Yangang , Li Jinhai , Yang Chaosan , Du Zhankun , Zhang Jifeng , Qiu Xin
Published: February 2024

A novel method is proposed for rail fastener detection based on millimetre‐wave (mmWave) radar, mmWave radar fastener counter (MMW‐FC), which can accurately detect and record the fasteners in real‐time as the train traverses its route. Under circumstances where GNSS signals remain unavailable for prolonged durations, precise train localisation can be accomplished by correlating the number of fasteners derived from this method with the corresponding track map. Initially, MMW‐FC utilises fast Fourier transform and adaptive beamforming to focus the energy reflected from fasteners. Subsequently, it applies an adaptive template‐matching algorithm to detect each fastener. Furthermore, by leveraging known fastener spacing and the average time for trains to pass adjacent fasteners, the Kalman filter can execute precise speed tracking, used as a speed reference when adjusting the matching template adaptively. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can precisely count the fasteners the train encounters in diverse road and speed conditions. The fastener counter maintains the Counting Error less than 0.067%, the speed error stays below 1.8 km/h, and the maximum values of the mean absolute error and root mean square error for speed are 0.7337 and 0.9584 km/h, respectively.
Topologies for Finite Words: Compatibility with the Cantor Topology
Authors: Staiger Ludwig
Published: February 2024

Infinite words are often considered as limits of finite words. As topological methods have been proved to be useful in the theory of ω-languages it seems to be providing to include finite and infinite words into one (topological) space. In most cases this results in a poor topological structure induced on the subspace of finite words. In the present paper we investigate the possibility to link topologies in the space of finite words with a topology in the space of infinite words via a natural mapping. A requirement in this linking of topologies consists in the compatibility of the topological properties (openness, closedness etc.) of images with preimages and vice versa. Here, we show that choosing for infinite words the natural topology of the CANTOR space and the δ-limit as linking mapping there are several natural topologies on the space of finite words compatible with the topology of the CANTOR space. It is interesting to observe that besides the well-known prefix topology there are at least two more whose origin is from language theory – centers and supercenters of languages. We show that several of these topologies on the space of finite words fit into a class of ℒ-topologies and exhibit their special properties w.r.t. to the compatibility with the CANTOR topology.
Computational study of the optical and photovoltaic properties of novel dyes for dye-sensitized solar cell applications
Authors: Arif Ahmed , Aboulouard Abdelkhalk , Can Mustafa , Bensemlali Meryem , Boulghalat Mustapha , El idrissi Mohammed
Published: February 2024

In this work, we examine the performance of novel dyes as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells. We use density functional theory calculations to explore the energy levels, absorption wavelengths, and photovoltaic characteristics of these dyes. The calculated energy levels show appropriate alignment with electron transport layers, guaranteeing efficient charge injection and reducing energy losses. These dyes also exhibit absorption wavelengths in the visible range, indicating that they are capable of efficiently harnessing solar energy. Analysis of their photovoltaic properties has demonstrated their potential in terms of the open circuit voltage. The dyes show favorable properties, making them potential candidates for efficient light absorption and electron transfer in dye-sensitized solar cells. These results underline the need to include them in future dye-sensitized solar cells research and provide interesting pointers for the design and optimization of efficient photosensitizers.
Estimating most productive scale size decomposition in a fuzzy network data envelopment analysis model: assessing the sustainability and resilience of the supply chain
Authors: Tavassoli Mohammad , Ghandehari Mahsa
Published: February 2024

This paper estimates the Most Productive Scale Size (MPSS) in the NDEA model to appraise the sustainability and resilience of the supply chains. As the corresponding input and output criteria are not always accurately measurable, we also introduce the fuzzy version of our proposed NDEA model and apply the proposed model in a case study involving 10 Iranian supply chains of Companies Producing Soft Drinks (CPSDs). The considered-three-echelon supply chains include suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors. Mathematical analysis proves that the MPSS of the considered supply chain can be decomposed as the sum of the MPSS values of the individual stages. Thus, the supply chain is overall MPSS if and only if it is MPSS in every three stages. The results of this study reveal that the Behnoush supply chain is overall MPSS in all three stages, including supplier, manufacturer, and distributor, for any α ∈ {0.1, 0.5, 1}. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to measure the impact of each criterion on the entire supply chain performance. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that the social and resilience criteria significantly impact the performance and ranking of supply chains. Finally, we discuss how to improve the sustainability and resilience of non-MPSS supply chains.
Experience with Groin Flap As A Cover for Hand and Fore-Arm
Authors: Bhatia S. C. , Takkar K. L. , Gupta J. L.
Published: February 2024

This paper described our experience with groin flap as a full thickness cover for hand and lower forearm and in the reconstruction of first web. Advantages of groin flap in comparision to direct flaps, tube pedicle and the deito-pectoral flap have been discussed. Steps of the operative technique and the stages of transfer have been described.
Extension of Direct Pedicle Skin Flap—An Experimental and Clinical Study
Authors: Thind R. S. , Singh P. D. , Kaur H.
Published: February 2024

The paper describes an experimental method of extension (Secondary delay) of fiap carried out in pigs. A method of extension where parallel incision and raising of extended flap has been done is found very suitable in large number of situations where large flap transfer is required.

This method has been extensively tried clinicaliy (Seventy four cases) at various donor sites and in various required situations with excellent result. It has practically eliminated flap necrosis in authors hands.
Bucconasal Fistula with Bilateral Supernumary Teeth in an Operated Cleft Lip and Palate Patient (A Case Report)
Authors: Yadava V. N. S. , Srivastava R. P.
Published: February 2024

This article summons a 6 years boy born with congenital complete cleft of lip and palate of left side. The lip and palate was closed in two stages. But he had persistent bucconsal fistula and bilateral supernumary teeth, one each on either nostril, The left was erupted and right one was unerupted. The supernumary tooth were extracted in two stages. The fistula was closed in three layers with the transposition of labial mucosal flap for alveolar gap with successful result.
Who obtains political exemptions? An attention-based analysis of steel tariff exclusion requests
Authors: Born Vivienne , Brown Lee Warren , Hasija Dinesh
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we examine firm exclusion requests from the Section 232 tariffs placed on steel articles by President Donald Trump in March of 2018. The Presidential Proclamation that announced these new tariffs also authorized the creation of an exclusion process through which firms that use imported steel can request exemptions from the 2018 steel tariffs if no U.S. steel producer is able to supply the amount and type of steel demanded. Expanding the Attention-Based View (ABV) framework beyond the private sector, we suggest that decision-making by the U.S. Department of Commerce regarding the approval or denial of steel tariff exclusion requests is influenced by attention to elements of both domestic and international politics. Using a dataset of 163,522 exclusion requests, we find that political alignment and historical trade relationships with exporting countries significantly increase the Department of Commerce’s likelihood of approving exclusion requests. In addition, firm lobbying and the amount of steel requested for exclusion from tariffs have a significant negative impact on the likelihood of approval. This research extends our understanding of business–government interactions, incorporating not only economic and political influences but also the organizational environment, and highlights the importance of attention structures in explaining regulatory outcomes.
A content analysis of the interventions for low back pain promoted on the websites of Australian pain clinics
Authors: Maher Chris G. , Han Christopher S. , Gilbert Stephen E. , Nicholas Michael K.
Published: February 2024

Background The Internet is a widely used source of health information, yet the accuracy of online information can be low. This is the case for low back pain (LBP), where much of the information about LBP treatment is poor. Methods This research conducted a content analysis to explore what pain treatments for LBP are presented to the public on websites of Australian pain clinics listed in the PainAustralia National Pain Services Directory. Websites providing information relevant to the treatment of LBP were included. Details of the treatments for LBP offered by each pain service were extracted. Results In total, 173 pain services were included, with these services linking to 100 unique websites. Services were predominantly under private ownership and located in urban areas, with limited services in non-urban locations. Websites provided detail on a median of six (IQR 3–8) treatments, with detail on a higher number of treatments provided by services in the private sector. Physical, psychological and educational treatments were offered by the majority of pain services, whereas surgical and workplace-focused treatments were offered by relatively few services. Most services provided details on multidisciplinary care; however, interdisciplinary, coordinated care characterised by case-conferencing was infrequently mentioned. Conclusions Most websites provided details on treatments that were largely in-line with recommended care for LBP, but some were not, especially in private clinics. However, whether the information provided online is a true reflection of the services offered in clinics remains to be investigated.
Generation of dynamic rotation propagation vortex beam by a Fibonacci series annular subzone vortex phase
Authors: Yang Dahai , Sun Deyang , Feng Jianan , Yang Zhihui , Zhou Keya , Wang Lei , Lin Jie , Jin Peng
Published: February 2024

Recently, the optical vortex (OV) has gained increasing interest since the potential for applications of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) carried by optical vortex beams. However, generation is currently limited single static circular intensity profile, greatly constraining the breadth of achievable spatiotemporal dynamics. Here, we propose a novel phase distribution to generate a dynamic propagation OV with a customized topological charge (TC ⩾ 10) based on Fibonacci series annular subzone (FSAS) by tailoring the local phase gradient along the azimuthal direction. We describe the generation of the FSAS vortex phase. The Fibonacci vortex beam (FVB) have customization TC, multi-singularity intensity distributions. Furthermore, such optical fields exhibit the spatial dynamic rotation and self-focusing have yielded fascinating phenomena. The simulation results are agreed with the experimental results, which provide an important basis for the generation of OV with spatial dynamic propagation. These results contribute to the advanced complex light manipulation with spatial dynamic propagation and pave the way to achieve a new laser with the structured light based on modified phase control.
M robust bias-corrected weighted least squares iteration solution of mixed additive and multiplicative random error model
Authors: Wang Leyang , Peng Zhenjie
Published: February 2024

There are many methods for outlier detection and robust estimation in the field of geodesy, but most of them are based on the additive random error model (AREM). In the multiplicative random error model (MREM) or mixed additive and multiplicative random error model (MAMREM), outlier detection or robust estimation is less studied. Based on the bias-corrected weighted least squares (bcWLS) iteration solution of the MAMREM, combined with the conventional M robust estimation in the AREM, this paper proposes an M robust bcWLS iteration solution suitable for the MAMREM. The analysis of the examples shows that the proposed method can obtain better parameter estimation and more reasonable mean square error of unit weight when the observations contain outliers, which verifies the feasibility and preponderance of the proposed method.
Indirect identification of bridge damage based on coupled vehicle–bridge vibration and 2D-CNN
Authors: Chen Daihai , Zhang Yunsen , Wan Ruizhuo , Li Zheng , Xu Shizhan , Yang Chaoxu
Published: February 2024

This study puts forth a methodology to discern structural damage in bridges that employs two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D-CNN), which is rooted in the principles of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) theory. The method combines the vehicle–bridge coupled vibration response with deep learning models to extend the application of indirect bridge damage identification methods. To test the proposed method, a spatial vehicle and bridge computational model is established for a three-span continuous beam bridge, and bridge damage is simulated by reducing the stiffness of the unit under different damage conditions. Considering the stochastic nature of road roughness, a self-developed vehicle–bridge coupled vibration analysis program is utilized to acquire the vehicle acceleration response signal and construct the dataset. The 2D-CNN model, with its high sensitivity to 2D data features, is used to extract features from the vehicle vertical acceleration vibration signal. The signal undergoes transformation via CWT, resulting in a 2D grayscale time-frequency image. This image is subsequently utilised as input to construct the 2D-CNN model. Results demonstrate that this method performs well in the identification of bridge structural damage, exhibiting high accuracy in identifying the location and severity of such damage. Thus, a novel avenue is provided for the identification and assessment of bridge structural damage.
Research on roller bearing fault diagnosis method based on flexible dynamic adjustable strategy under data imbalance
Authors: Pan Haiyang , Li Bingxin , Yan Qiuyan , Zheng Jinde
Published: February 2024

In engineering practice, the collection of equipment vibration signals is prone to interference from the external environment, resulting in abnormal data and imbalanced data in different states. Traditional support vector machine, support matrix machine and other methods have advantages in balancing sample classification, but have limitations in obtaining low rank information, making it difficult to perform classification tasks under data imbalance. Therefore, a novel classification method that targets matrices as the input, called flexible dynamic matrix machine (FDMM), is proposed in this paper. First, FDMM establishes a regularization term using a flexible low-rank operator and sparse constrain, which can better take into account matrix structure information. Then, the upper bound of the loss function is truncated, reducing the impact of the loss on the construction of the decision hyperplane. Finally, the recognition performance of imbalanced data is improved by adjusting the game values of different categories of samples through dynamic adjustment function. Experimental results demonstrate that superior classification accuracy and generalization performance can be achieved with the FDMM method when applied to two roller bearing datasets.
DNA nanostructure decoration: a how-to tutorial
Authors: Piantanida Luca , Liddle J Alexander , Hughes William L , Majikes Jacob M
Published: February 2024

DNA Nanotechnology is being applied to multiple research fields. The functionality of DNA nanostructures is significantly enhanced by decorating them with nanoscale moieties including: proteins, metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, and chromophores. Decoration is a complex process and developing protocols for reliable attachment routinely requires extensive trial and error. Additionally, the granular nature of scientific communication makes it difficult to discern general principles in DNA nanostructure decoration. This tutorial is a guidebook designed to minimize experimental bottlenecks and avoid dead-ends for those wishing to decorate DNA nanostructures. We supplement the reference material on available technical tools and procedures with a conceptual framework required to make efficient and effective decisions in the lab. Together these resources should aid both the novice and the expert to develop and execute a rapid, reliable decoration protocols.
Synthetic CT imaging for PET monitoring in proton therapy: a simulation study
Authors: Moglioni Martina , Carra Pietro , Arezzini Silvia , Belcari Nicola , Bersani Davide , Berti Andrea , Bisogni Maria Giuseppina , Calderisi Marco , Ceppa Ilaria , Cerello Piergiorgio , Ciocca Mario , Ferrero Veronica , Fiorina Elisa , Kraan Aafke Christine , Mazzoni Enrico , Morrocchi Matteo , Pennazio Francesco , Retico Alessandra , Rosso Valeria , Sbolgi Francesca , Vitolo Viviana , Sportelli Giancarlo
Published: February 2024

Objective. This study addresses a fundamental limitation of in-beam positron emission tomography (IB-PET) in proton therapy: the lack of direct anatomical representation in the images it produces. We aim to overcome this shortcoming by pioneering the application of deep learning techniques to create synthetic control CT images (sCT) from combining IB-PET and planning CT scan data. Approach. We conducted simulations involving six patients who underwent irradiation with proton beams. Leveraging the architecture of a visual transformer (ViT) neural network, we developed a model to generate sCT images of these patients using the planning CT scans and the inter-fractional simulated PET activity maps during irradiation. To evaluate the model’s performance, a comparison was conducted between the sCT images produced by the ViT model and the authentic control CT images—serving as the benchmark. Main results. The structural similarity index was computed at a mean value across all patients of 0.91, while the mean absolute error measured 22 Hounsfield Units (HU). Root mean squared error and peak signal-to-noise ratio values were 56 HU and 30 dB, respectively. The Dice similarity coefficient exhibited a value of 0.98. These values are comparable to or exceed those found in the literature. More than 70% of the synthetic morphological changes were found to be geometrically compatible with the ones reported in the real control CT scan. Significance. Our study presents an innovative approach to surface the hidden anatomical information of IB-PET in proton therapy. Our ViT-based model successfully generates sCT images from inter-fractional PET data and planning CT scans. Our model’s performance stands on par with existing models relying on input from cone beam CT or magnetic resonance imaging, which contain more anatomical information than activity maps.
Exploring the impact of pH and temperature on TiC nanopowders syntesized via sol-gel and subsequent crystallization by carbothermal reduction method
Authors: Morshed Mohammad , Najafi Abolhassan , Khalaj Gholamreza
Published: February 2024

In the present study, titanium carbide powders with suitable morphology and nanometer particle size were synthesized by the sol–gel method to investigate the parameters affecting the properties of sol and the final powder. The initial sol was prepared in a four-component system of alkoxide-water-alcohol-citric acid based on the chemical process of sol–gel. The study of sol properties showed that pH was the most important factor in the control of sol conditions and particle size so that at low pHs, due to low concentration of OH− ions and reduced viscosity, it was easier to control the particles size. Accordingly, the results of the Dynamics Light Scattering (DLS) showed that at low pHs, the particles size was below 10 nm. According to the zeta potential diagram and by examining the conditions of sol at different pHs, 4.5 was determined as the optimal pH and to prevent the bonding of particles within the sol, ammonium polycarboxylate dispersant was used. The temperature at which particles were formed was determined using Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TG). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the presence of a completely amorphous phase at 700 °C. It was also observed that with increasing temperature, TiC crystallization started from 1200 °C and ended at 1400 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs at 1400 °C showed the completely spherical morphology of particles of nanometer size so that no agglomerate was observed.
Gravitational form factors of the proton from near-threshold vector meson photoproduction*
Authors: Wang 王 Xiao-Yun 晓云 , Zeng 曾 Fancong 凡聪 , Zhang 张 Jiyuan 纪元
Published: February 2024

We systematically analyze the quark and gluon gravitational form factors (GFFs) of the proton by connecting the energy-momentum tensor and near-threshold vector meson photoproduction (NTVMP). Specifically, the quark contributions of GFFs are determined by applying global fitting to the cross section of the lightest vector meson

photoproduction. Combined with the gluon GFFs obtained from heavy quarkonium

photoproduction data, the complete GFFs are obtained and compared with the experimental results and lattice quantum chromodynamics determinations. In addition, we use the resonance via Padé (RVP) method based on the Schlessinger point method to obtain a model-independent quark D-term distribution through direct analytical continuation of deeply virtual Compton scattering experimental data. If errors are considered, the results obtained with RVP are essentially consistent with those obtained by NTVMP. Moreover, the comprehensive information on GFFs helps to uncover the mass distribution and mechanical properties inside the proton. This study is not only an important basis for delving into the enigmatic properties of the proton, but also has significance for theoretically guiding future JLab and EIC experimental measurements.
Real-time control of NBI fast ions, current-drive and heating properties
Authors: Weiland M. , Kudlacek O. , Sieglin B. , Bilato R. , Plank U. , Treutterer W. , Upgrade Team the ASDEX ,   EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: February 2024

Conventionally, neutral beam injection (NBI) in tokamaks is controlled via engineering parameters such as injection voltage and power. Recently, the high-fidelity real-time NBI code RABBIT has been coupled to the discharge control system of ASDEX Upgrade. It allows to calculate the NBI fast-ion distribution and hence the properties of NBI in real-time, making it possible to control them directly. We successfully demonstrate control of driven current, ion heating and stored fast-ion energy by modifying the injected beam power. A combined ECRH and NBI controller is also successfully tested, which is able to adjust the heating mix between ECRH and NBI to match a certain desired ion heating fraction at given total power. Further experiments have been carried out towards control of the ion heat flux (i.e. ion heating plus collisional heat transfer between ions and electrons). They show good initial success, but also leave room for future improvements as the controller runs into instabilities at too high requests.