bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mini Fábrica de processamento de Gergelim: perspectivas de renda e autonomia para os jovens da comunidade rural de Choró, CE
Authors: Ferreira Janaina Peixoto , Santos Jaqueline Sgarbi , Costa Antonia Thayna Sousa , Aguiar Luzia Luziene de Castro
Published: May 2022

O êxodo de jovens do campo vem ocorrendo com muita frequência na busca por melhorias relacionadas aos aspectos financeiro, trabalho e educação. Nesse contexto, a produção empírica de dados da pesquisa realizou-se na comunidade de Riacho do Meio em Choró, no Ceará, na qual jovens rurais desenvolvem atividades numa mini fábrica de processamento de gergelim (Sesamum indicum) buscando gerar emprego e renda, possibilitando aos jovens permanecer na comunidade. A pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender os limites e possibilidades de uma mini fábrica de processamento de gergelim, como estratégia capaz de promover a permanência dos jovens no campo, para tanto utilizou-se como método a pesquisa qualitativa, tipo estudo de caso. Ainda que tenha havido frustrações, relacionadas a obtenção de renda satisfatória para a manutenção dos jovens, há também o aprendizado e experiência adquirida, além do patrimônio material que a mini fábrica representa. O processamento de alimentos pode se constituir em uma estratégia importante para os jovens no campo, entretanto para que projetos desta natureza consigam obter êxito, é essencial ter acesso a capital de giro, além de um amplo processo de formação nas diversas etapas da implantação do projeto buscando desenvolver potencialidades e prepará-los para a complexidade da atividade.
DJES nr. 1 - Samlet Tidsskrift
Authors: DJES Redaktionen
Published: May 2022

Velkommen til dette, det allerførste nummer af Danmarks nye ’Tidsskrift for Uddannelsesvidenskab’, Danish Journal for Education Studies (DJES).
DJES er tænkt som et forum for undersøgelser og diskussioner af uddannelsesvidenskabelige problemstillinger. Det sigter bredt på uddannelse og læring i en samfundsmæssig kontekst. Det indbefatter eksempelvis organisatoriske, ledelsesmæssige, forvaltningsmæssige, styringsmæssige, samtidsdiagnostiske og videnspolitiske perspektiver på uddannelse, pædagogik, undervisning og kompetenceudvikling. Blikket kan være samfundsmæssigt, individuelt eller rettet mod spændingsfelter derimellem.
Læs videre i det samlede nummer, som kan downloades i højre hjørne.
Artificial Urinary Sphincters as a Treatment for Post-Prostatectomy Severe Urinary Incontinence in Italy: A Cost-Utility Analysis
Authors: Mennini Francesco , Rossi Daniele , Marcellusi Andrea
Published: May 2022

Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the cost-utility of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) in men affected by postprostatectomy severe urinary incontinence and identifying the most cost-effective alternative among the various devices analyzed in Italy.Methods: A 5-year cycles Markov model was developed to simulate the disease evolution. The analysis compared conservative therapy, ZSI 375®, single-cuff (SC) AMS 800TM, and double-cuff (DC) AMS 800TM. A Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis (PSA) was performed. One thousand Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to generate the Cost-Effectiveness Acceptability Curve for each intervention strategy. A sensitivity analysis on the price of the device was conducted.Results: From the Italian National Health Service perspective, DC AMS 800TM was the most cost-effective alternative in comparison with conservative therapy, with an Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) value equal to € 12,893. From the NHS + patient perspective, both the AMS 800TM devices (SC and DC) were dominant in comparison with conservative therapy. From the societal perspective, ICER was dominant for all the alternatives considered in terms of cost-effectiveness. The PSA showed that DC AMS 800TM had a greater probability to be cost-effective with respect to the other strategies considered in the analysis. The sensitivity analysis on the price of the device showed that in all the cases analyzed the incremental cost per QALY gained would be below € 25,000.Conclusions: This cost-utility analysis confirms that AUSs are cost-effective options in the Italian context with respect to conservative therapy. Among AUSs, DC AMS 800TM has the greatest probability to be cost-effective.
Evaluative Concepts of the European Convention on Human Rights: Current Issues of Application as Exemplified by Article 6
Authors: Kosovych Vitaliy , Pashuk Taras
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the correct application of the evaluative concepts contained in the norms of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Attention is drawn to certain difficulties in the application of the evaluative norms in the Convention: despite their objective necessity and usefulness, they create a room for the law enforcement entity’s own discretion up to subjectivism in resolving specific cases; they serve as an objective obstacle to the unification of the case law of the ECtHR and this creates preconditions for unequal implementation of ECtHR judgments in the national legal order; they cause the risk of errors in the application of the provisions of the Convention by the competent authorities of the Contracting States. It is established that the application of legal norms containing evaluative concepts is challenging not only owing to the specific properties of the evaluative concepts themselves, but also due to the peculiarities of adjudication by the ECtHR when applying the evaluative norms. The relevant case law of the ECtHR as well as examples of national legislation are analysed in support of these theoretical conclusions. Since the lack of uniform application of the evaluative norms of the Convention causes divergent use of the ECtHR’s judgments in the domestic judicial system, it is advised to follow a number of rules for reasoning of decisions by the domestic court. These rules will serve as a certain guarantee against ambiguous implementation of ECtHR judgments at the national level.
Alternate Dispute Resolution: a Panacea to the Nigerian Judicial System
Authors: Kehinde Adeola
Published: May 2022

The role of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in the management of cases and disputes in Nigeria and across the globe cannot be overemphasized. The judicial arm of the government is the arm responsible for interpretation of laws in Nigeria and the judiciary’s role in preserving the rights of citizens across Nigeria also cannot be overemphasized. It ensures that the society is stable in the face of insta-bility and ensures that lawlessness is not maintained. The judiciary ensures that laws made by the legislature are obeyed by ensuring that those who violate the provisions of any established laws are punished. In doing all these, it has been established that the system of administering justice in our courts in Nigeria is extremely slow. Considering the foregoing, alternative dispute resolution as a means of settling disputes has been of tremendous help in easing the hardship of getting cases resolved through the court system. This paper examines ways through which alternative dispute resolution has assisted the Nigerian judicial system and the need to use alternative dispute resolution the more in order to ensure that number of cases handled by courts are drastically reduced. Recommendations are made at the end of the research.
Nation-State law – Is it Really a well Thought-Out law? Is It a Party manifesto or a Parliamentary act?
Authors: Huppert Uri
Published: May 2022

The author offers an analysis of the controversial Israeli Nation-State Law of 2018 and B. Netanyahu’s involvement in its adoption. He claims that its ideas manifest Netanyahu’s desire to depart from the state-centred, social democratic, and liberal views advocated by Ben Gurion. This desire stems from his strong disagreement with Israel’s founder’s claim and belief that secularism is a guarantee that Israel does not fall into the same trap as the leaders of the bicentennial Crusades – which ultimately failed. The author of the paper makes an insightful comparison of this law with the contents of Point 13 of Thomas Woodrow Wilson’s 1918 plan – a docu-ment from exactly 100 years before, designed to shape Europe after victory in the war against Russia, Prussia, and Austria-Hungary, on whose lands an independent Polish state was to be established.
On the definition, Content, and Essence of the Term “human rights”
Authors: Lyubchik Oleksandr , Korniienko Petro , Dzeiko Zhanna , Zahrebelna Nataliia , Zavhorodnii Vitalii
Published: May 2022

The ambiguity of understanding and use of the term “human rights” reduces the effectiveness of the law-making and law enforcement activities of state and inter-national bodies, creates negative conditions for the formation of the unified worl-dview and legal position of future lawyers and representatives of other humanities. This article aims to define, formulate the content and describe the legal essence of the term “human rights,” and to substantiate the thesis about the harmfulness of the legal science, law-making and law enforcement use of this term with different meanings. The leading method of research is the method of analysis, which allows one to study the subject, imaginatively dividing it into constituent elements, and to consider each of the selected elements separately within a single whole. This article presents the argumentation of the need for a single wording, understanding, and use of the legal term “human rights.” The materials of the article have practical value for the effective implementation of the law-making and law enforcement activities of state and international bodies, for the formation of the unified worldview and legal position of future lawyers and representatives of other humanities, as well as for a correct and clear explanation of problems with the implemen-tation and protection of human rights.
‘Hackathon’ Almanzora Comparte: ¡a por la quinta edición!
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Sanz Martos Sandra
Published: May 2022

Tras el paréntesis de la pandemia, recuperamos la Jornada Almanzora Comparte. Bajo el reto de «Cómo mejorar la actividad económica de la comarca», volvemos a utilizar la dinámica de la hackathon para actuar como catalizadores del intercambio de experiencias. El espíritu de esta jornada es el de la puesta en común de aprendizajes compartidos por los representantes de empresas, instituciones y asociaciones de diversos ámbitos e intereses.
Brucella activates the host RIDD pathway to subvert BLOS1-directed immune defense
Authors: Wells Kelsey Michelle , He Kai , Pandey Aseem , Cabello Ana , Zhang Dongmei , Yang Jing , Gomez Gabriel , Liu Yue , Chang Haowu , Li Xueqiang , Zhang Hao , Feng Xuehuang , da Costa Luciana Fachini , Metz Richard , Johnson Charles D , Martin Cameron Lee , Skrobarczyk Jill , Berghman Luc R , Patrick Kristin L , Leibowitz Julian , Ficht Allison , Sze Sing-Hoi , Song Jianxun , Qian Xiaoning , Qin Qing-Ming , Ficht Thomas A , de Figueiredo Paul
Published: May 2022

The phagocytosis and destruction of pathogens in lysosomes constitute central elements of innate immune defense. Here, we show that Brucella, the causative agent of brucellosis, the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis globally, subverts this immune defense pathway by activating regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD) of Bloc1s1 mRNA encoding BLOS1, a protein that promotes endosome–lysosome fusion. RIDD-deficient cells and mice harboring a RIDD-incompetent variant of IRE1α were resistant to infection. Inactivation of the Bloc1s1 gene impaired the ability to assemble BLOC-1-related complex (BORC), resulting in differential recruitment of BORC-related lysosome trafficking components, perinuclear trafficking of Brucella-containing vacuoles (BCVs), and enhanced susceptibility to infection. The RIDD-resistant Bloc1s1 variant maintains the integrity of BORC and a higher-level association of BORC-related components that promote centrifugal lysosome trafficking, resulting in enhanced BCV peripheral trafficking and lysosomal destruction, and resistance to infection. These findings demonstrate that host RIDD activity on BLOS1 regulates Brucella intracellular parasitism by disrupting BORC-directed lysosomal trafficking. Notably, coronavirus murine hepatitis virus also subverted the RIDD–BLOS1 axis to promote intracellular replication. Our work establishes BLOS1 as a novel immune defense factor whose activity is hijacked by diverse pathogens.
Redox regulation of PTPN22 affects the severity of T-cell-dependent autoimmune inflammation
Authors: James Jaime , Chen Yifei , Hernandez Clara M , Forster Florian , Dagnell Markus , Cheng Qing , Saei Amir A , Gharibi Hassan , Lahore Gonzalo Fernandez , Åstrand Annika , Malhotra Rajneesh , Malissen Bernard , Zubarev Roman A , Arnér Elias SJ , Holmdahl Rikard
Published: May 2022

Chronic autoimmune diseases are associated with mutations in PTPN22, a modifier of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. As with all protein tyrosine phosphatases, the activity of PTPN22 is redox regulated, but if or how such regulation can modulate inflammatory pathways in vivo is not known. To determine this, we created a mouse with a cysteine-to-serine mutation at position 129 in PTPN22 (C129S), a residue proposed to alter the redox regulatory properties of PTPN22 by forming a disulfide with the catalytic C227 residue. The C129S mutant mouse showed a stronger T-cell-dependent inflammatory response and development of T-cell-dependent autoimmune arthritis due to enhanced TCR signaling and activation of T cells, an effect neutralized by a mutation in Ncf1, a component of the NOX2 complex. Activity assays with purified proteins suggest that the functional results can be explained by an increased sensitivity to oxidation of the C129S mutated PTPN22 protein. We also observed that the disulfide of native PTPN22 can be directly reduced by the thioredoxin system, while the C129S mutant lacking this disulfide was less amenable to reductive reactivation. In conclusion, we show that PTPN22 functionally interacts with Ncf1 and is regulated by oxidation via the noncatalytic C129 residue and oxidation-prone PTPN22 leads to increased severity in the development of T-cell-dependent autoimmunity.
Redoxing PTPN22 activity
Authors: Shumanska Magdalena , Bogeski Ivan
Published: May 2022

The oxidative state of a critical cysteine residue determines the enzymatic activity of a phosphatase involved in T-cell immune responses.
Risk Factor Evaluation of Preterm Labour/ Births in Rural Medical College Hospital
Authors: Pargaonkar SP , Poyekar SS , Gaur L
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Preterm Birth (PTB) is a major problem associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. In developing countries magnitude of the problem is much more. Aim: The present study was undertaken to find out the incidence of preterm labour/births, to evaluate different related risk factors and to assess the neonatal mortality in PTBs. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a Maternal and Neonatal Units of Rural Teaching Hospital among all cases who delivered during study period of two months from mid-February 2019 to mid-April 2019. Probable maternal risk factors for preterm labour, neonatal clinical profile and risk factors for neonatal mortality were recorded. Frequencies and proportion of variables were computed. Results: The incidence of PTB/labour was 8.5%. Pregnancy duration of less than 34 weeks was observed in 35.6% mothers. It was observed that major factors contributing to PTBs were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, maternal medical illness/severe anaemia, Bad Obstetric History (BOH)/ previous preterm labour and Ante-Partum Haemorrhage (APH). Survival rate amongst preterm babies was 90.5%. Conclusion: The morbidity amongst newborns is mainly caused by PTB. The study found lower incidence of PTB as compared to previous studies conducted in this region. Many of the risk factors evaluated are modifiable. Risk factor modifications and timely interventions will help in the reduction of PTBs and associated mortality.
Outcomes of Sick Neonates Transported to a Tertiary Care Hospital by a Trained Team, in Northern India
Authors: Behera Bijaylaxmi , Meena Babu Lal
Published: May 2022

Introduction: In developing countries, like ours, the major causes of neonatal mortality are Prematurity, Birth asphyxia and Sepsis. Although institutional delivery and in utero transport of newborn is the safest way to transport but it is difficult to anticipate preterm deliveries and perinatal illnesses. Moreover, transport with a well equipped and manned team improves neonatal outcomes than self transport. Hence, with the above hypothesis this study was conducted to analyse the profile of newborn babies transported to our unit by our team. Aim: To study the outcome of the sick neonates transported by a well equipped and manned neonatal transport to a Tertiary Care Hospital, indications of transport and also evaluate their condition at arrival. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal descriptive study, including 101 extramural neonates who were transported by a well equipped and manned team, to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India. Transport details along with demographic parameters and clinical features prior to transport and at arrival were recorded. Follow-up was done for all neonates till discharge or death. Transport, clinical variables and Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-Perinatal Extension ll (SNAPPE-II) were correlated with outcome using logistic regression analysis. Results: Total 101 newborn infants were transported. Fifty- eight babies were term and 43 were preterm. Birth asphyxia, Meconium Aspiration Syndrome, Hyaline Membrane Disease, Transient Tachypnea of Newborn, Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease, Neonatal Jaundice, Pneumonia, Hypoglycaemia, Preterm, Fever, Feed intolerance were the major indications for transport. Total 16 neonates died. Out of all babies at admission, 14.8% of babies were still hypothermic, 10.8% were still hypoxic, 4.9% were still hypoglycemic and 14.8% were still in shock. SNAPPE score >40, hypoglycaemia, hypothermia, hypoxia and shock correlated with poor outcome. Distance did not correlate with the outcome. Conclusion: Stabilising newborns prior to transport is crucial and neonatal transport is not dependent on distance. Hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, hypoxia and shock should be managed in neonates before and during transport as they affect their outcomes.
Diphtheria in Children- A Clinical Profile of Cases during an Outbreak in Kerala, India
Authors: Sindhu Thekkile Gangadharan , Vijayakumar Madhava , Geetha Peethambaran , Priya Chandran , Anitha Puduvail Moorkoth
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Diphtheria is an acute potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Acute respiratory obstruction, toxic myocarditis and neurologic weakness are the most important complications of diphtheria. The clinical presentation and severity of diphtheria vary in immunized and non-immunized children. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment including administration of diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics minimize mortality. Aim: To observe the changing trends in the clinical presentation of diphtheria during the 2016 outbreak and its association with immunization status and antitoxin administration. Materials and Methods: This Longitudinal prospective study conducted among children admitted to Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, a tertiary care centre with a diagnosis of diphtheria during January 2016 to December 2016. Details of socio-demographic data, clinical presentation, investigations, immunization status, treatment and complications were collected using a semi-structured performa. These children were managed by an interim guideline provided by the state authorities. They were followed-up for 3 months. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 18.0. Results: Among 76 children, 62(82%) were from Malappuram and Kozhikode districts, which have relatively low immunization coverage. Most admissions were in July 2016. Majority (58, 76.3%) of children belonged to Muslim community. The mean age was 8.1 years with male to female ratio 1.53:1. Most of the children (47, 62%) were unimmunized or partially immunized. Cultures were positive for C. diphtheriae in 20 children. Complications were noted in 36 children, which included asymptomatic myocarditis in 31, symptomatic myocarditis in one, palatal palsy in nine, loss of accommodation in four and distal weakness in five. Only one child who received antitoxin within 72 hours of disease onset developed neurological complications. Complications were common in children who received less than minimum three doses of diphtheria vaccines compared to those who received three or more doses (54% vs. 44%). There was no mortality. Conclusion: There was an upward shift in age of affected children. Neurological complications were significantly less in those who received antitoxin within 72 hours of disease onset. Regular monitoring helped to detect asymptomatic myocarditis. The outbreak highlighted the need to improve awareness about diphtheria and better vaccination coverage, especially in older children.
Effects of Trace Boron Addition and Different Arc Types on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TC11/TC17 Dual Alloy Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Zhuo Yimin , Yang Chunli , Fan Chenglei , Lin Sanbao
Published: May 2022

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) provides an efficient and low‐cost potential for manufacturing TC11/TC17 dual titanium alloy. In this work, six deposition samples were fabricated for the test of microstructure and mechanical properties by the combination of trace boron addition and different arc types (direct current (DC), high frequency pulsed current (HC), low frequency pulsed current (LC)). Results show that the epitaxial growth β columnar grains were formed except for the combination of low frequency pulsed current and trace boron addition (LCB). A special microstructure of coarser α phases surrounding thin α phases was formed by the effect of LC arc or trace boron addition. Some TiB particles exhibited a specific orientation relationship with surrounding α phases, but not all: (0001)α||(001)TiB and <11‐20>α||[010]TiB. About mechanical properties, the elongation decreased with trace boron addition, and comprehensive mechanical properties of LC method was better than that of DC or HC methods whether it contained trace boron or not, with tensile strength of 1057 MPa and elongation of 14.4% in the longitudinal direction. Meanwhile, the strength of LCB group is highest than that of other groups, which is caused by the refined β grains and the uniform distribution of TiB particles.
In‐Depth Understanding of the Effect of Halogen‐Induced Stable 2D Bismuth‐Based Perovskites for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Ji Yali , She Mengyao , Bai Xue , Liu Enzhou , Xue Wenhua , Zhang Zhe , Wan Kerou , Liu Ping , Zhang Shengyong , Li Jianli
Published: May 2022

Halide perovskites are excellent catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution; however, their instability in aqueous systems limits their applications. In this study, an alternative system is presented to avoid the ionization of halide perovskites based on ethanol splitting and three Bi‐based halide perovskite nanosheets (Cs3Bi2X9 PNs; X = I, Br, Cl) are prepared for H2 evolution. Small amounts of these halide perovskites possess good stability in ethanol, where the optimal Cs3Bi2I9 PNs exhibit the highest H2 evolution rate of 2157.8 µmol h−1 g−1. In particular, the effects of halogen regulation on the H2 evolution activity are investigated in depth from various perspectives for Cs3Bi2X9. The increased number of halogen atoms reduces the Bi···Bi distance in the octahedral configuration and eliminates the strong localization of electron–hole pairs, which are conducive to photogenerated charge separation and transfer. In addition, the dominant contribution of halogens to the conduction band is enhanced with an increase in the halogen atomic number. This study establishes a novel strategy for studying Bi‐based perovskites for optimizing their photocatalytic properties. Furthermore, it provides a new perspective for developing highly efficient and stable H2 evolution systems for halide perovskites.
High‐Performance Narrowband Pure‐Red OLEDs with External Quantum Efficiencies up to 36.1% and Ultralow Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Zou Yang , Hu Jiahao , Yu Mingxin , Miao Jingsheng , Xie Ziyang , Qiu Yuntao , Cao Xiaosong , Yang Chuluo
Published: May 2022

High‐color‐purity blue and green organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been resolved thanks to the development of B/N‐based polycyclic multiple resonance (MR) emitters. However, due to the derivatization limit of B/N polycyclic structures, the design of red MR emitters remains challenging. Herein, a series of novel red MR emitters is reported by para‐positioning N–π–N, O–π–O, B–π–B pairs onto a benzene ring to construct an MR central core. These emitters can be facilely and modularly synthesized, allowing for easy fine‐tuning of emission spectra by peripheral groups. Moreover, these red MR emitters display excellent photophysical properties such as near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), fast radiative decay rate (kr) up to 7.4 × 107 s−1, and most importantly, narrowband emission with full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 32 nm. Incorporating these MR emitters, pure red OLEDs sensitized by phosphor realize state‐of‐the‐art device performances with external quantum efficiency (EQE) exceeding 36%, ultralow efficiency roll‐off (EQE remains as high as 25.1% at the brightness of 50 000 cd m−2), ultrahigh brightness over 130 000 cd m−2, together with good device lifetime.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of Allenoates: A Regioselective Synthesis of Allylamines
Authors: Wang Hua , Wang He , Li Lei , Wang Xin , Sun Ran , Zhou Ming‐Dong
Published: May 2022

A ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed hydroamination of allenoates with arylamines has been developed. This strategy provides an approach to synthesize E‐allylic amines in good yields with high atom‐economy and high levels of chemo‐, regio‐ and E‐selectivities with a broad substrate scope.

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A Photoacoustic‐Fluorescent Imaging Probe for Proteolytic Gingipains Expressed by Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Moore Colman , Cheng Yong , Tjokro Natalia , Zhang Brendan , Kerr Matthew , Hayati Mohammed , Chang Kai Chiao Joe , Shah Nisarg , Chen Casey , Jokerst Jesse V.
Published: May 2022

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in periodontal disease. We herein report a dual‐modal fluorescent and photoacoustic imaging probe for the detection of gingipain proteases secreted by P. gingivalis. Upon proteolytic cleavage by Arg‐specific gingipain (RgpB), five‐fold photoacoustic enhancement and >100‐fold fluorescence activation was measured with detection limits of 1.1 nM RgpB and 5.0E4 CFU mL−1 bacteria in vitro. RgpB activity was imaged in porcine jaws with low‐nanomolar sensitivity. Diagnostic efficacy was evaluated in gingival crevicular fluid samples from subjects with and without periodontal disease, wherein activation was correlated to qPCR‐based detection of P. gingivalis (Pearson's r=0.71). Finally, photoacoustic imaging of RgpB‐cleaved probe was achieved in murine brains ex vivo, with relevance and potential utility for disease models of general infection by P. gingivalis, motivated by the recent biological link between gingipain and Alzheimer's disease.
A Facile Approach to Produce Star Polymers Based on Coordination Polymerization
Authors: Wu Yi , Nan Tianhao , Ji Xiangling , Liu Bo , Cui Dongmei
Published: May 2022

Many efforts have been devoted to preparing star polymers. Research into coordination polymerization, the most powerful stereoselective process to endow polymers with superb properties, lags far behind those achieved by radical polymerization and ionic polymerization. Herein, we propose a facile strategy to prepare star polymers with regular arms based on coordination polymerization via an insertion reaction between the carbon–heteroatom unsaturated bond and the metal–alkyl species. Terminating a livingcis‐1,4‐selective isoprene polymerization by using isocyanate as cross‐linker (CL), a star polyisoprene with low polydispersity was obtained in high yield (91.8 %). A kinetic study showed the star polymer was formed via a step‐growth procedure. The types ofCLand the ratio of [CL]0 : [Cat.]0are key factors to determine the arm number and the yield of star polymer. Finally, synthetic IR rubber with a green strength up to 1.99 MPa superior to natural rubber (1.43 MPa) was prepared for the first time.
Revealing the Solid‐State Electrolyte Interfacial Stability Model with Na–K Liquid Alloy
Authors: Guo Xuelin , Liu Yijie , Zhang Xiao , Ju Zhengyu , Li Yutao , Mitlin David , Yu Guihua
Published: May 2022

In this work, the Na–K liquid alloy with a charge selective interfacial layer is developed to achieve an impressively long cycling life with small overpotential on a sodium super‐ionic conductor solid‐state electrolyte (NASICON SSE). With this unique multi‐cation system as the platform, we further propose a unique model that contains a chemical decomposition domain and a kinetic decomposition domain for the interfacial stability model. Based on this model, two charge selection mechanisms are proposed with dynamic chemical kinetic equilibrium and electrochemical kinetics as the manners of control, respectively, and both are validated by the electrochemical measurements with microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations. This study provides an effective design for high‐energy‐density solid‐state battery with alkali Na–K anode, but also presents a novel approach to understand the interfacial chemical processes that could inspire and guide future designs.
Recent Progress in Aryltrifluoromethylation Reactions of Carbon‐Carbon Multiple Bonds
Authors: Remete Attila M. , Nonn Melinda , Novák Tamás T. , Csányi Dorottya , Kiss Loránd
Published: May 2022

Due to the increasing relevance of fluorine‐containing organic molecules in drug design, the synthesis of organofluorine compounds has gained high significance in synthetic organic chemistry. Trifluoromethylative difunctionalizations of carbon–carbon multiple bonds, with the simultaneous incorporation of a CF3 group and another functional element, have considerable potential. Because of the high importance of carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions in organic synthesis, carbotrifluoromethylations and, in particular, aryltrifluoromethylations or heteroaryltrifluoromethylations are considered to be increasing fields of synthetic organic chemistry. The aim of the current review is to summarize recent developments of aryltrifluoromethylation or heteroaryltrifluoromethylation reactions.
Student mobility: Extent, impacts and predictors of a range of movement types for secondary school students in England
Authors: Prior Lucy , Leckie George
Published: May 2022

Moving school is a major event for students, with potential impacts on both student and school performance. Students can experience a diversity of move types, including variation in timing, origin and destination, though this complexity is not always acknowledged in studies or educational policies, which tend towards binary distinctions of movers versus non‐movers. However, it is crucial to understand the vulnerabilities and outcomes associated with different mobility types, including to inform more effective and efficient targeting of support. We therefore study the extent, impacts and predictors of a diverse range of school moves during secondary schooling for a cohort of students completing their end‐of‐school examinations in 2018/2019 in England. We highlight a negative association between mobility and achievement for all movement types, however, we find substantial heterogeneity in the strength of their association with student performance and highlight the likelihood of making different types of school moves vary by student characteristics. Therefore, we recommend the wider consideration and examination of diverse mobility features by research and in educational accountability systems.
Optical and structural properties of composites films based on Ce3+‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet nanoparticles embedded in polystyrene
Authors: Hamroun Mohammed Salah Eddine , Bachari Khaldoun , Mechernene Lahcene , Guerbous Lakhdar , Chebout Redouane , Guenanou Ahmed , Boukerika Allaoua
Published: May 2022

In the present work, attempts have been made to prepare scintillating nanoparticle composite films of Ce3+‐doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG:Ce) embedded in a polystyrene (PS) polymer. A YAG:Ce phosphor has been previously synthesized using the sol–gel method. YAG:Ce‐PS composite films of 250 ± 30 μm thickness were prepared using a solvent casting procedure with different PS/solvent concentration and a different mass ratio between nanoparticles of YAG:Ce and PS. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the YAG:Ce powders were successfully prepared. Using thermogravimetric analyses and differential scanning calorimetry, we found that the glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal degradation were shifted to higher temperatures for composite films relative to pure PS. Photoluminescence showed the yellow emission of the Ce3+‐doped YAG phosphors, which was attributed to the 5d→4f transition of Ce3+ ion and the intensity of the emissions changed with the mass ratio of the YAG:Ce nanoparticles incorporated in the polymer and with the concentration of the polymer solution.
ONOO−‐mediated oxidative modification of extracellular matrix aggravates atherosclerosis by affecting biological behaviors of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Liang Weijie , Liu Zhen , Zheng Hongyan , Lin Aiwen , Fan Jun , Li Jianhao , Wu Wen , Jie Qiang
Published: May 2022

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a principal contributor to stroke and coronary heart disease in humans characterized by chronic low‐grade inflammation. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays critical roles in regulating the function of arteries. However, the effect of changes in ECM on AS development is rarely studied. In this context, we intend to study the effect of oxidizing agent peroxynitrite (ONOO−)‐mediated oxidization of ECM proteins on the biological behaviors of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the development of AS. AS mouse models were established, and mouse coronary artery smooth muscle cells (MCASMCs) were cultured in vitro to derive ECM (SMC‐ECM), which was obtained by deoxycholate (DOC)‐based decellularization. Further, MCASMCs were subjected to the determination of ECM oxidative damage and ECM protein structure. Finally, roles of ONOO−‐mediated oxidization of ECM in SMC adhesion and migration and in AS development were explored through Transwell assay, transcriptome sequencing, and gene enrichment analysis. High concentration of ONOO− was found in the serum of AS mice, and ONOO− could stimulate the development of AS. SMC‐ECM with intact structure can be obtained in vitro by DOC treatment. Functionally, ONOO−‐mediated oxidization destroyed the three‐dimensional structure of SMC‐ECM proteins, affected SMC adhesion and migration and promoted the absorption efficiency of lipids while reducing the efflux of cholesterol. In addition, the expression of inflammation‐ and oxidative stress‐related genes was significantly increased in ECM subjected to ONOO−‐mediated oxidization, thereby contributing to AS progression. ONOO−‐mediated oxidative modification of ECM aggravates AS by affecting the biological behavior of SMCs.
Vanadium‐modified hard carbon spheres with sufficient pseudographitic domains as high‐performance anode for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Chen Fuping , Di Yujie , Su Qiong , Xu Dongming , Zhang Yangpu , Zhou Shuang , Liang Shuquan , Cao Xinxin , Pan Anqiang
Published: May 2022

Hard carbons are promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. To meet practical requirements, searching for durable and conductive carbon with a stable interface is of great importance. Here, we prepare a series of vanadium‐modified hard carbon submicrospheres by using hydrothermal carbonization followed by high‐temperature pyrolysis. Significantly, the introduction of vanadium can facilitate the nucleation and uniform growth of carbon spheres and generate abundant V–O–C interface bonds, thus optimizing the reaction kinetic. Meanwhile, the optimized hard carbon spheres modified by vanadium carbide, with sufficient pseudographitic domains, provide more active sites for Na ion migration and storage. As a result, the HC/VC‐1300 electrode exhibits excellent Na storage performance, including a high capacity of 420 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and good rate capability at 1 A g−1. This study proposes a new strategy for the synthesis of hard carbon spheres with high tap density and emphasizes the key role of pseudographitic structure for Na storage and interface stabilization.
Time‐Dependent Hydrogen Bond Network Formation in Glycerol‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Dziubinska‐Kühn Katarzyna , Pupier Marion , Matysik Jörg , Viger‐Gravel Jasmine , Karg Beatrice , Kowalska Magdalena
Published: May 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by Patryk Palenque Marcinkowski. The image shows a glycerol‐choline network accommodating water molecules over time. The glycerol molecules are represented as pandas adapting to the change. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202100806.
Processes and patterns: Insights on cranial covariation from an Apert syndrome mouse model
Authors: Singh Nandini , Heuzé Yann , Holmes Greg
Published: May 2022

Background

Major cell‐to‐cell signaling pathways, such as the fibroblast growth factors and their four receptors (FGF/FGFR), are conserved across a variety of animal forms. FGF/FGFRs are necessary to produce several “vertebrate‐specific” structures, including the vertebrate head. Here, we examine the effects of the FGFR2 S252W mutation associated with Apert syndrome on patterns of cranial integration. Our data comprise micro‐computed tomography images of newborn mouse skulls, bred to express the Fgfr2 S252W mutation exclusively in either neural crest or mesoderm‐derived tissues, and mice that express the Fgfr2 S252W mutation ubiquitously.

Results

Procrustes‐based methods and partial least squares analysis were used to analyze craniofacial integration patterns. We found that deviations in the direction and degree of integrated shape change across the mouse models used in our study were potentially driven by the modular variation generated by differing expression of the Fgfr2 mutation in cranial tissues.

Conclusions

Our overall results demonstrate that covariation patterns can be biased by the spatial distribution and magnitude of variation produced by underlying developmental‐genetic mechanisms that often impact the phenotype in disproportionate ways.
Farming practice affects rice field animal biota during cultivation but not fallow periods in Taiwan
Authors: Song Jheng‐Sin , Kuo Chi‐Chien
Published: May 2022

Rice is one of the most important staple foods in the world, with irrigated rice paddies largely converted from natural wetlands. The effectiveness of rice fields in preserving species depends partially on management practices, including the usage of pesticides. Previous studies have focused predominantly on the cultivation period, leaving the potential effects of soil pesticide residues on organisms during the fallow periods underexplored. Other animals, such as waterbirds, also rely on aquatic invertebrates in flooded fallow fields for their survival. We investigated vertebrates and macroinvertebrates during cultivation and fallow periods in organic and conventional rice fields in Taiwan. The association of environmental factors with terrestrial and aquatic organisms was also analyzed. In total, 32,880 individuals from 144 invertebrate families and 381 individuals from 15 vertebrate families were recorded after nine samplings each in six organic and six conventional rice fields. The family richness and abundance of all invertebrates were higher in organic than in conventional fields during the cultivation period but were similar in fields under either agricultural practice during the fallow period. The differences in richness and abundance of terrestrial invertebrates between the two practices increased with progression of rice cultivation, while there was no difference in abundance of aquatic invertebrates during the fallow period. The richness and abundance of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and migratory waterbirds were not statistically different between the two practices. Our study suggested accumulative effects of pesticides on suppressing terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates during the cultivation period, but no negative effects of soil pesticide residues on aquatic invertebrates during the fallow period. This comprehensive study provided a holistic picture of macroinvertebrate and vertebrate fauna, as well as the potential ramifications of pesticide usage, in a representative Southeast Asian rice paddy ecosystem. Future studies should compare rice fields with natural wetlands to better assess how to capitalize on agroecosystems for biodiversity conservation.
Effects of drying and orientation to perennial refuges on aquatic biodiversity across two basins differing in aridity
Authors: Gill Brian A. , Sanabria Anthony , Gonzales Miranda , Carlson Stephanie M. , Bogan Michael T.
Published: May 2022

Intermittent streams are globally distributed, comprise over half the length of the global river network, and are expected to become more prevalent. However, most studies of intermittent streams are conducted at extremes of scale, are limited in taxonomic and temporal scope, and focus exclusively on drying patterns. Here, we assessed how both flow intermittency and orientation to perennial refuges affect aquatic invertebrates and aquatic and semiaquatic vertebrates across 2 years within two intermittent river basins differing in their aridity. We used loggers to characterize flow intermittency and wet–dry mapping to determine orientation to perennial refuges of reaches. In winter and summer 2015 and 2016, we collected and identified invertebrates and visually surveyed vertebrates. Using permutational multivariate analyses of variance with distance matrices, we found distinct invertebrate communities by basin, flow class (perennial or intermittent), and season, and distinct vertebrate communities by basin, and between flow classes and seasons in the more arid basin. Invertebrate communities had higher beta diversity in the more arid than mesic basin, whereas the opposite was true for vertebrates. We identified indicator species for all combinations of basin and flow class, perennial reaches combined from both basins, each basin, and some combinations of flow class and season within basins. Flow intermittency and orientation to perennial refuge predictors correlated well with both invertebrate and vertebrate communities. However, we did not find nestedness of communities that differed significantly from that expected by chance in response to increasing flow intermittency or distance to refuges. Lastly, basin, flow intermittency, and orientation to perennial refuge predictors were generally important for modeling taxon richness and densities, and richness and densities decreased with increasing flow intermittency and distance to perennial refuges. Collectively, our data suggest that intermittent streams harbor unique biodiversity, but also that some taxa have context‐dependent responses to intermittency and orientation to perennial refuges. These findings also suggest that future increases in stream drying are likely to lead to changes to stream communities with high potential for the loss of aquatic biodiversity.
Experimental investigation of Savonius hydrokinetic turbine with different flow diverting blocking plate
Authors: Patel Ravi , Patel Vimal
Published: May 2022

Energy extraction from flowing water has become very prevalent in the twenty‐first century. This work aims to harness the power of flowing water to generate hydrokinetic energy. The numerous turbines were used to gather energy from flowing water and were inspired by wind turbines. One of the most common machines is the Savonius rotor. A laboratory‐scale model of a Savonius rotor was produced in this work, and the rotor's performance was tested experimentally using a flow diverting blocking plate. The flow behavior and performance of a blocking plate with complete water flow diversion from a retarding vane are examined in detail in this research. According to the data, an optimal blocking plate angle of 42.72° at a distance of 360 mm from the wall boosts power generation by 63.27%.
Comparative study on hybrid nanofluid flow of Ag–CuO/H2O over a curved stretching surface with Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Sharma Ram Prakash , Gorai Debasish , Das Kalidas
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study is to discuss the comparison of the linear and nonlinear stretching sheets on the heat transfer over a curved surface spiraling in a circle with radial distance R. Additionally the consequences of Soret–Dufour in the presence of injection velocity and heat source/sink are investigated in the article. Silver and Copper Oxide are taken as hybrid nanoparticles with water as foundation fluid. Leading equations are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations taking some relevant transformations and solved with the combination of the shooting method and RK‐4th order method. MAPLE software is used to plot graphs and numerical charts. Flow features are examined for different pertinent parameters. Physical quantities like Sherwood number, Nusselt number, and so forth, are evaluated numerically for different nondimensional numbers. The result substantiates that improving the Dufour number boost the fluid flow and fluid temperature but the opposite behavior is seen in the concentration profile. It is observed that a linearly stretching sheet gives better fluid behaviors compared to nonlinear stretching sheet.
Implementing maternal death surveillance and response in Sub‐Saharan Africa: The way forward
Authors: Kouanda Seni
Published: May 2022

Synopsis

This Supplement is a collection of 10 articles analyzing the implementation of maternal death surveillance and response across countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Rurality and readiness: Addressing substance use via a community‐level assessment
Authors: Cureton Jenny L. , Giegerich Victoria , Ricciutti Natalie M.
Published: May 2022

Counselors serve diverse clients who may experience substance use issues and contributing factors such as generational poverty and isolation. A rural region of a state with legalized marijuana engaged in an assessment of community readiness to address the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other substances. Scoring and thematic analysis of interviews with 30 community members resulted in scores for five readiness dimensions and themes concerning contributors to and detractors from readiness. Recommendations for counselors span prevention, intervention, and advocacy to support individuals, families, and organizations seeking to promote awareness and addiction recovery, particularly in the context of rural poverty.