bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analyses of Blood Flow Through Mechanical Trileaflet and Bileaflet Aortic Valves
Authors: Pawlikowski Marek , Nieroda Anna
Published: December 2021

The paper describes one of many issues concerning the human circulatory system. The simulation of blood flow through an artificial aortic heart valve using the finite element method (FEM) is the main subject of the paper. The studies aim to verify the performance of mechanical aortic valves of two types, i.e. bileaflet (BIL) and trileaflet (TRI) valves. The blood was modelled as Newtonian and non-Newtonian. Although the design of our TRI valve is preliminary and needs to be optimised, our results highlight some advances of such a valve geometry. This is manifested mainly by a central blood jet, contributing to more physiological blood flow and decreasing the risk of haemolysis. The central flow minimises the risk of leaflet dislocation. In addition, lower stresses extend the durability of the valve. However, the TRI valve geometry has also disadvantages, for instance, the occurrence of small peripheral streams or relatively low effective orifice area. The valves' performance was assessed by means of the reduced stress in the valves, the shear stress in the aortic wall, flow velocity field, and the effective orifice area. The maximum von Mises stress for the BIL valve leaflets is 0.3 MPa, and for the TRI valve: 0.06 MPa. The maximum flow velocity for the BIL valve is 4.52 m/s for 40° and for the TRI valve is 5.74 m/s. Higher shear stress is present in the BIL (151.5 Pa) than for the TRI valve (49.64 Pa).
Does Lockdown Improve Air Quality? Evidence from the blockade policy of county-level units in Hubei Province, China
Authors: Fu Shuke , Ma Zhuo , Peng Jiachao , Xiong Jie , Liu Jiabei
Published: December 2021

Background
The COVID-19 posed a great threat to the health of people all over the world. In response to the outbreak of COVID-19, Wuhan implemented the blockade policy on January 23, 2020. Subsequently, other cities in Hubei responded one after another. The flow of people, production and consumption activities were greatly reduced, and air pollution in some cities was obviously improved.

Method
We used the daily air pollution and weather data of 103 county-level units in Hubei Province from 2019 to 2020 to test whether the blockade policy affected the air quality. The method of regression discontinuity designs is adopted. And the blockade policy implemented by the government during COVID-19 is regarded as exogenous policy impact, so as to investigate whether the blockade policy will affect the air quality.

Results
(1) Lockdown has indeed brought about an improvement in air quality. During the lockdown period, the AQI decreased by 15.316%, and the concentrations of four air pollutants (PM10, NO2, PM2.5 and SO2) decreased by 19.607%, 12.395%, 11.448% and 1.278% respectively. (2) The improvement of air quality brought about by the blockade policy is not sustainable, and every index rebounded again about 30 days after lockdown. (3) RD estimation found that the concentrations of AQI, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 decreased by 35.402%, 29.207%, 14.809% and 7.751% respectively. This is consistent with the change trend of the above results, but the change range is obviously larger than the previous one.

Conclusion
Although the study confirmed that most pollutant indexes decreased during the lockdown period, the blockade policy is not applicable to the prevention and improvement of air pollution. We put forward the policy suggestions from the following two aspects: Firstly, promote green travel and reduce traffic emission sources. Secondly, promote end-of-pipe governance and improve emission reduction efficiency.
Bacterial and Fungal Co-infection in a Cohort of 333 Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 (COINFECOVID Study)
Authors: Abril Vicente , Gómez Neus , Piedrahita Hilary , Chanzá Mercedes , Tormo Nuria , Sanz Francisco , Puchades Francesc , Ortega Pilar , Ferrer Carolina , group COINFECOVID collaborative
Published: December 2021

BackgroundCoinfections in COVID19 appear to worsen hospitalized patients prognosis.ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of bacterial and fungal coinfections in patients admitted for COVID19 and to identify the risk factors associated with its occurrence.Patients and MethodsSingle-center retrospective study reviewing medical records of patients with COVID19 diagnosed with bacterial or fungal infection during hospital admission.Results333 patients were analyzed during March 15-May 15, 2020. 16.82% had some coinfection during admission. Coinfections were more frequent in patients with comorbidities (80.36% vs 19.64% p<0.025) and in those ICU admitted (52.46% vs 8.86%, p<0.001). Coinfections were significantly more frequent in patients with neutrophilia>7500 and increased procalcitonin on admission as well as lymphopenia<1500 on day 5. Mortality in patients with coinfection was 26.79% vs 23.47% in non-coinfected (p 0.596). Length of stay was longer in coinfected patients (mean 30.59 vs 13.47, p<0.01). Most frequent microorganisms were Enterococci, Candida spp, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. 74% of patients received ceftriaxone: 17.34% of those treated had a coinfection compared to 15.48% not treated (p 0.694).ConclusionsOccurrence of coinfections is frequent and prolongs hospital stay without influencing mortality. The presence of comorbidities and ICU stay were identified as the main risk factor for coinfection, while increased neutrophils and procalcitonin at admission and lymphopenia during evolution were the main biological predictors. Enterococcus was the most frequent pathogen. Ceftriaxone use does not protect against appearance of bacterial infections. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated fungus and was associated with prolonged ICU stay.
First detection of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of concern in a symptomatic cat in Spain
Authors: Barroso-Arévalo Sandra , Sánchez-Morales Lidia , Pérez-Sancho Marta , Rodríguez Lucas Domínguez , Sánchez-Vizcaíno Jose M
Published: December 2021

Natural and experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets has been widely evidenced since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the numerous affected animals, cats are one of the most susceptible species. However, little is known about viral pathogenicity and transmissibility in the case of variants of concern (VOCs) in animal hosts, such as the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant first detected in India. Here, we have identified the B.1.617.2 (Delta) VOC in a cat living with a COVID-19 positive owner. The animal presented mild symptoms (sneezing) and a high viral load was detected in the oropharyngeal swab, suggesting that an active infection was occurring in the upper respiratory tract of the cat. Transmission from the owner to the cat occurred despite the human being fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. This study documents the first detection of B.1.165.2 VOC in a cat worldwide and emphasizes the importance of performing active surveillance and genomic investigation on infected animals.
Quality Assurance (QA) Assessment for Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test in Ngoma District, Eastern Province of Rwanda: A cross-sectional prospective study.
Authors: HABIMANA MSc Field Epi Metuschelah , NDAHINDWA  , Matutina MSc UMUHOZA Stella , OMOLO  , UWAMUNGU MSc Schifra , W Lucchi Naomi , HUMUZA
Published: December 2021

Background

Currently, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) are increasingly used for diagnosis of malaria, particularly in community where microscopy-based diagnosis is not practical. However, the diagnostic accuracy of mRDTs performed by the community health workers (CHWs) remains unknown. This study was conducted to determine the accuracy of mRDT results performed by CHWs in Ngoma district, eastern province of Rwanda.
Method

This was a cross sectional prospective study. 420 blood samples of patients self-reported to CHWs for malaria diagnosis were collected and analyzed by CHWs using mRDT and quality control tests were performed by using microscopy as a reference test. The study was conducted from 22nd April to 08th July, 2021.
Results

Among the 420 patients, 234 (55.71%) were females and 186 (44.29%) were males. Malaria test positivity was 2.62% by using mRDT and 1.67% by using microscopic test. The sensitivity and specificity of mRDT were 85.71% and 98.78% respectively. Negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy of mRDTs were 99.75%, 54.54% and 98.57% respectively. Sensitivity of mRDT was below the WHO recommended sensitivity (>95%) although the specificity (98.78%) was within the WHO recommended specificity (>=90). There was a substantial agreement between mRDT and malaria microscopic test results, k=0.642.
Conclusion

mRDTs continue to be an appropriate choice for malaria diagnosis in the absence of microscopy.
Risk-adjusted return, fund manager efficacy, and fund characteristics – An inquiry
Authors: K Riyazahmed
Published: December 2021

In this study, I examine the risk-adjusted return of mutual funds in India. A data set of 4220 mutual funds is used for the analysis. Sharpe ratio, a metric of risk-adjusted return (Sharpe, 1994) and Information ratio, a metric of outperformance than a fund’s benchmark (Goodwin, 1998) were analyzed. Regression analysis is used to estimate the impact of fund characteristics like fund category, fund type, fund access type, corpus size on the dependent variables i.e., Sharpe Ratio and the Information Ratio. All the funds underperformed in both the Sharpe ratio and Information ratio. Liquid funds found worst. Fund type and corpus size do not impact fund performance. Fund access type was found to be significant on fund performance. The results add to the literature by examining the post-pandemic period.
Characterization of Gymnodinialimonas Ceratoperidinii gen. nov.,sp. nov., a New Bacterium Isolated From Rare Marine Dinoflagellate Ceratoperidinium Margalefii
Authors: Jiang Yue , Peng Yuxin , Shin Hyeon Ho , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Ki-Hyun , Jiang Lingmin , Lee Jiyoung , Li Zhun
Published: December 2021

A bacterial strain, designated J12C1-MA-4T, was isolated from a liquid culture of dinoflagellate Ceratoperidinium margalefii. The bacterium was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, and rod-shaped. Oxidase and catalase were positive. Optimal growth was observed at 30°C, pH 7.0, in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and 92 core genes sets indicated that the strain J12C1-MA-4T belongs to the family Rhodobacteraceae in the class Alphaproteobacteria and represented a separate taxon separated from other genera. 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain J12C1-MA-4T showed high similarities to Loktanella ponticola KCTC 42133T (95.74%), Pseudooctadecabacter jejudonensis KCTC 32525T (95.52%) and Jannaschia helgolandensis KCTC 12191T (95.31%) in the Rhodobacteraceae family. The genome length of strain J12C1-MA-4T was 3621968 bp with a DNA G+C content of 64.48 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain J12C1-MA-4T were summed feature 8 (comprising C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c) (>10%). Phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine(PC), phospholipids (PL), lipids 1 (L1) and aminolipid (AL) were shown to be the major polar lipids. The sole predominant isoprenoid quinone is Q-10. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic features, strain J12C1-MA-4T is considered to represent a new species in the new genus of the family Rhodobacteraceae for which the name Gymnodinialimonas ceratoperidinii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J12C1-MA-4T (=KCTC 82770T = GDMCC 1.2729T).
High body mass index and altered androgen hormones are the disruptors of fertility among women undergoing ART
Authors: Khan Haroon Latif , bhatti Shahzad , Hamayun Humaira , Abbas Sana , Shuail Samina , Amir Imrana , Enver Farah
Published: December 2021

Background: The body mass index (BMI) affects reproduction and pregnancy outcomes. Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least one year. The inability to have children affects men and women across the globe.Methods: It was a retrospective study on couples coming for treatment of subfertility in Lahore Institute of Fertility and Endocrinology (LIFE). The institutional ethical review committee approved. Patients are divided into three groups, normal weight (BMI ≤25kg/m²), overweight (26-30 kg/m²), and obese (>30 kg/m²). Data were collected from July 2017 to May 2018. The number of infertile women who underwent assisted fertilization at LIFE was 222.Results: Two hundred and twenty-two sub-fertile patients were selected. Their ages were between 25-36 years. The mean age was 31 ± 3.91 years. There was a significant relationship between the number of follicles and BMI (p-value=0.03). Outcome parameters are significantly correlated with all groups of BMI. Embryo transfer is insignificantly correlated with BMI. (p-value = 0.07)Conclusion: According to this study, obesity is associated with poor embryos in obese women with more than 30 BMI. Furthermore, women who were obese might need a higher dose of FSH, and the live birth rate is higher in women with normal BMI.
Extensive Myocardial Infarction complicated with Stroke as First Presentation of HIV in A young Sudanese Male: Case Report
Authors: Eljack Moh.Mah.Fadelallah , Mohammedali Najla Fouad Nassir , Ahmed Omer Idris , Nour Alshareef B. , Haroun Mazin S. , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Abdallah Abdallah M. , Ali Mustafa Mohamed Ibrahim
Published: December 2021

HIV can be associated with cardiovascular complications. We highlight unusual presentation of HIV patient with MI and stroke. 30 year old HIV male presented with MI complicated by stroke. Recovered within 5 days with anti-ischemic and diuretics. Screening tests for unusual presentations prevent fatal complications of common diseases.
Load Balanced Multipath Routing using Seagull Optimizer Based Garson’s Pruned Recurrent Neural Network for Multipath Routing in MANET
Authors: Hemalatha R , Umamaheswari R , Jothi S
Published: December 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Electromechanical Modelling and Stress Analysis of RF-MEMS Capacitive Shunt Switch
Authors: Ch Gopichand , Maity Reshmi , Srinivas K. , Maity N.P. , Srav K. Girija
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the simulation and theoretically calculation results of a shunt switch with Electro-mechanical modelling and stress gradient characteristics. The analysis is done with three membrane structures such as plane beam, incorporated with and without perforations, and non-uniform meander type beam, these are simulated in the COMSOL Multi-physics tool. The various Modal analyses are carried out for different values of residual stress gradients such as different structures, materials, and beam thickness. These analyzes are described by the fact that higher stress gradient values ​​are undesirable for switching. By analysing all the results we have observed that the stress analysis for a shows that non-uniform meandered switch experiences maximum stress of 35.6 MPa, and center deflection of 0.06 MPa/μm, the deformations of the beam which is the least among the considered switches.
Morphological, Molecular Characterization, Life Cycle And Age Specific Life Table Parameters of Coconut Rugose Spiralling Whitefly, Aleurodicus Rugioperculatus Martin: An Exotic Pest of India
Authors: Kolanthasamy Elango , Nelson Jeyarajan , Tamilnayagan Thangavel
Published: December 2021

The present study aimed at reporting the incidence of exotic pest on Coconut rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin in Tamil Nadu, India. The taxonomical, morphometric, molecular characterization, life cycle and age specific life table parameters of the exotic pest were studied on coconut during 2017-19. The results revealed that rugose spiralling whitefly (RSW) is an exotic and polyphagous in nature and had total life period of 56.33± 1.01 days which includes 6.9±0.88, 19.57±2.17, 10.9±0.78 and 26.00±2.34 days of egg, nymphal, pupal and adult period, respectively. The rugose spiralling whitefly male adult was 2.6300± 0.0596 mm in length and 2.1220± 0.0576 mm width and female adult were 3.1460± 0.0329 mm in length and 2.1654± 0.0246 mm width. A. rugioperculatus was bigger than other previously reported whiteflies in India. The operculum was wrinkled and having compound pores with dagger shaped axial pores. Ligula of A. rugioperculatus extended beyond vasiform orifice. The identity of the species was further confirmed through amplification of mitochondrial COI gene 249 bp was obtained for all the isolates which were sequenced. The sequenced DNA product was submitted to NCBI- Gen Bank (Accession No. MT540964, MT679537, MT679538, MT679539, MT679540 and MT682638). Since, it is a first study on the age specific life table parameters of A. rugioperculatus and the results revealed that the net reproductive rates (Ro) 24.08 females/female/generation, intrinsic rate of increase 0.0646/day, finite rate of Increase (λ) 1.066/ day, mean fecundity (F) 41.28 eggs/female and mean generation time (T) 49.25 days, respectively
Design, Evaluation and Analysis of a Novel H-Shaped Capacitive RF MEMS Switch
Authors: Khan Shoukathvali , Srinivasa K. , Guha Koushik
Published: December 2021

In this paper, absolute evaluation of Radio Frequency Micro Electromechanical System (RF MEMS) to improve parameters like high actuation voltage and low switching time, by introducing a new fixed - fixed RF MEMS capacitive switch. The proposed switch designed step-by-step evaluation of the plane beam, a novel structure of beam, and deposit the perforations and meanders to reducethe pull-in voltage. All the RF MEMS switch design parameters arestudy using the COMSOL Multiphysics FEM (Finite Element Model) tool. The proposed RF MEMS switch express low pull-in voltageof 4.75V and good return, insertion, and isolation losses in both upstate and downstate conditions are >10dB, below 0.1dB and 60dB, respectively. The dielectric layer as silicon nitride (Si3N4), beam as a gold material. The RLC values are extracted by using lumped model design. The RF MEMS shunt switch (capacitance, inductance, and resistance) of the MEMS bridge are accurately evaluated from the S-parameter analysis. The computational and simulated results are good agreement with each other, which indicates the validity of the proposed switch for K (18-26) GHz band applications.
Nutrition in the Nursing Home: Expectation vs Reality
Authors: Garg Anu , Szymanski Kate , Merugu Ganesh
Published: December 2021

Background: Determine the nutritional value of the food provided to the average patient in the nursing home and compare to the guidelines for the age matched community dwelling individual. Methods: We obtained weekly meal plans. Nutritional value of each meal was calculated from the USDA food composition database with reference to the supply company. The 3 nursing homes ranged in ownership and in star rating and averaged 120 beds per facility. Food companies were comparable. Results: Patients received 1.58 cups of vegetables with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.31 daily. 1.26 cups of fruit (SD of 0.08) and 0.79 cups of dairy (SD 0.26) daily. Average of 5,308mg of sodium (SD 770.4) daily. 474.08 mg of added sugar (SD 137.88) daily. Saturated fats were 10.86% (SD 0.01) of the calories. Conclusions: Intake of fruits, dairy and vegetables was below recommended levels. Calories and sodium were above recommended values. Added sugar and saturated fats were within recommendations. Several changes can be made to improve nutrition in the nursing home to bring the nutrition closer to expectations in the average community dwelling adult values. We recommend further study concerning interventions.
A Novel Methodology to Manufacture Complex Metallic Sudden Overhangs in Weld-Deposition Based Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Panchagnula Jayaprakash Sharma , Simhambhatla Suryakumar
Published: December 2021

Amongst various additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for realizing the complex metallic objects, weld deposition (arc) based directed energy AM technique is attaining the more focus over commercially available powder bed fusion techniques. This is due to the capability of high deposition rates, high power and material utilization, simpler setup and less initial investment of arc based AM. Nevertheless, realization of sudden overhanging features through arc based weld deposition techniques is still a challenging task due to the necessity of support structures. The present work describes a novel methodology for producing complex metallic objects with sudden overhangs without using supports. This is possible by re-orienting the workpiece and/or deposition head at every instance using higher order kinematics (5-axis setup) to make sure the overhanging feature is in-line to the deposition direction. The proposed technique identifies the sudden overhangs form a CAD model (.stl) and generates an orthogonal tool path for deposition of the same. To validate this technique, objects with sudden overhangs (illustrative case studies) have been taken up for deposition. An In-house MATLAB routine has developed and presented for performing the same. Although this technique is suitable for any deposition process, it has been demonstrated using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based weld-deposition, where the raw material to be deposited is in the form of a welding wire.
The Connection Matrix analysis of a Prey-Predator system with a Strong Allee effect and multiple interior equilibria
Authors: Sikder Asim
Published: December 2021

We consider a Gause-type prey-predator system incorporating a strong allee effect for the prey population. For the existence of multiple interior equilibria we consider Holling-type predator functional response and the density dependent death rate for the predator. With the help of the Conley connection matrix theory we study the dynamics of the system in presence of one, two and three interior equilibria. It is found that (i) the saddle-saddle connections exist in presence of single and multiple interior equilibria connecting interior flows to the boundary and (ii) the system admits a set of degree-2 (i.e, a 2-discs of) connecting orbits from interior equlibrium to the origin. Thus permanence or robust permanence of the system is not possible.
Participating in a Health Promotion Program in Pediatric Oncology: Perspectives of Children, Adolescents and Families
Authors: Demers Catherine , Gélinas Isabelle , Lee Keven , Bourque Claude Julie , Lamore Kristopher , Curnier Daniel , Marcil Valérie , Sultan Serge , Sinnett Daniel , Higgins Johanne
Published: December 2021

Purpose. Health promotion (HP) programs represent a promising avenue to address the prevention or mitigation of adverse effects of childhood cancer. However, we do not know the most effective way to promote healthy behaviours in pediatric oncology or how families experience HP interventions during the very challenging time of going through childhood cancer. The purpose of this study was to analyse the perspectives of families affected by childhood cancer regarding their behaviour when participating in a HP program. Methods. We undertook a cross-sectional qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Individual interviews were conducted with parents and adolescents sampled within a larger study. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results. Participants reported many barriers to participation including organizational barriers, physical or mental health issues and lack of interest or need. Key facilitators included tailoring of the interventions to individuals’ needs and social support. Most participants reported that the program had a positive impact on their health behaviour practices during cancer treatment and about half mentioned having the intention to modify their health behaviour practices in the long-term. For future implementation, participants suggested adding more educational activities, increasing physical activity sessions and improving the coordination with clinical activities. Conclusion. Participants’ and families’ perspectives allow researchers and clinicians to gain greater insights into how to shape HP programs that will be engaging and effective in promoting healthy behaviours in this population.
The Effect of Phosphate Binders in Patients With End Stage Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Ge Jie , Mali Niroj , Fan WenXing
Published: December 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Semi Empirical Slope Stability Analyses of Mohmand Dam using Limit Equilibrium and Finite Element Methods
Authors: Babar Muhammad Salman , Israr Jahanzaib , Ali Umair , Zhang Gang
Published: December 2021

This study presents a framework for semi-empirical slope stability analysis of Mohmand dam, an important ongoing mega concrete faced rockfill dam hydropower project in Pakistan. The project comprises of 213 m high hybrid dam that will produce 800 megawatt of clean hydropower energy in addition to an effective flood mitigation. Also, it will supply water for both irrigation and drinking to the provincial capital city, Peshawar. In this study, finite element and limit equilibrium methods have been used for slope stability analysis and factors of safety have been computed for all anticipated loading conditions including earthquake loading. The rockfill samples of main dam were obtained from the construction material site of Mohmand dam and the input parameters for slope stability analysis were obtained both empirically and through laboratory testing. Results of both limit equilibrium and finite element analyses have been compared and it was observed that the latter is more conservative than the former except for earthquake loading. The implications of current findings have been demonstrated using an important case study of an independent dam site that would boost the confidence of practitioners.
Talking to the Holy Spirit and Growling with the Bears
Authors: Köhler Ulrike Kristina
Published: December 2021

In this article I explore the construction of singing child characters in Isaac Watts’ Divine and Moral Songs for Children (1715) and Christopher Smart’s Hymns for the Amusement of Children (1771). The first part focusses on the nature of the lyrical persona within the lexical fields »voice and vocal sound« and »religion« and also looks at the possible addressees. The second part examines stylistic, phonetic, and formal elements, and explores their role in constructing the ›singing I.‹ To show the potential of Watts’ »Against Quarrelling and Fighting« to function as an invitation to playfully adopt behaviour opposed to Christian norms, the article examines a performance of Let Dogs Delight to Bark and Bite, a chorale by Matthew J. Zimnoch, whose text is taken from Watts’ hymn. Combining approaches from research on children’s poetry with ones from the interface of children’s literature and hymnody, the article also integrates a digitally supported close reading. The hymn texts were inputted into f4analyse, a software used in text linguistics and the social sciences, which allows for the assignment of categories, such as positive self-connotation of the ›singing I‹ or rhyme patterns. In conclusion, the article evaluates the potential of such a digitally supported research methodology for future research at the intersection of children’s literature and digital humanities.
Diálogos na extensão universitária sobre a transversalidade de gênero nas políticas sociais
Authors: PINTO Tatiane de Oliveira , OLIVEIRA Isabelly Andrade de
Published: December 2021

No presente artigo são apresentados resultados do projeto de extensão em Direitos Humanos nomeado “Implementação da transversalidade de gênero nas Políticas Sociais: Compreensão e diálogos por meio da extensão universitária. As atividades foram desenvolvidas no período de setembro de 2020 a agosto de 2021, de maneira remota, em função da pandemia do novo Coronavírus, que alterou essas as dinâmicas educacionais e modificou o espaço de diálogo para a possibilidade de uso da internet e das mídias digitais. Nas ações descritas no artigo, procurou-se discutir a perspectiva dos Direitos Humanos e a transversalidade de gênero, dois conceitos que precisam ser ampliados e desmitificados no imaginário social. Os temas abordados pelo projeto não se esgotam com as ações realizadas de maneira on-line/digital, considerando que ainda é preciso bastante articulação e discussão acerca de gênero e as demais categorias que o circundam.
Structural and Optical Properties of MAl2O4 Spinel-type Prepared by Solution Combustion Synthesis Method for Photocatalytic Application
Authors:   Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences of the Matter, University of Tiaret, BP P 78 Zaaroura, Tiaret 14000, Algeria, Mahi Khaled ,   Laboratory of Plasma Physics, Conductor Materials and their Applications, Faculty of Physics, Oran University of Sciences and Technology - Mohamed Boudiaf USTO-MB, BP1505, Oran 31000, Algeria, Mostefa Rabah ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences of the Matter, University of Tiaret, BP P 78 Zaaroura, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
Published: December 2021

In this research, the aluminate spinel type materials, MAl2O4, are synthesised by solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method to investigate the effect of the element (M = Ca and Ba) on their structural, mainly crystallinity and optical properties. The characterisations are examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The XRD and FT-IR results showed the formation of the single-phase spinel structure of CaAl2O4 and BaAl2O4. The band gap energy was investigated using the Tauc method, and the obtained values were 3.93 eV and 3.77 eV for CaAl2O4 and BaAl2O4, respectively. The results showed a good agreement with the data as reported in the literature.
Pembentukan Wujud Arsitektural dalam Aktivitas Sehari-hari
Authors: Adiyanto Johannes
Published: December 2021

Title: Architectural Forming in Daily Activities
(Case Study: Maya Lin and Eko Prawoto Approach)
 
Form is the based architecture. The idea of architecture can come true in the form. Architecture can become a container of human activities because form and space. This paper focusses on architectural form. The main question in this paper is how the architect creating their form’s based on their daily activities? This paper used qualitative phenomenology method to phenomenology hermeneutics approach. This method place the daily activities of responding. The cases are Maya Lin’s Vietnam Veteran Memorial and House of Eko Prawoto’s. Their cases were interpreted with Mangunwijaya thinking with written at Ragawidya. This paper shows that architectural form is a manifestation of the contemplation proses and from daily activities. The forming of architectural form is also a process of expression of the deposition of experiencing in the past time which carried out continuously. The result of forming is not an astonishing form, but familiar with everyday life.
DIETARYPRACTICES OF DIABETES MELLITUSPATIENTS TYPE 2 IN RELATION WITH DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AT PRIVATE AND GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS IN SANAA CITY, YEMEN, 2018
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Science and Technology, The 60th Road, Sanaa, Yemen., M.A. Ghaleb Mansour
Published: December 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in nearly all countries. The most common type is type 2 diabetes.Dietarypractices of diabetes mellitus patients type 2 in relation with demographic variables at private and government hospitals in Sanaa city, Yemen the objective of present study. A hospital-based cross - sectional descriptive study conducted from October 2018 to May 2019, among adultsfrom both gender attended to the selected hospital in Sanaa to receive health service. A prepared questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analyzed by using SPSS softwareversion 20 was used. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe the socio-demographic and dietary practices variables. Data described by frequencies and percentages and presented in tables. Chi square test was used to test differences in dietary practicesin relation with demographic variables. Test considered to be significant p value < 0.05. The sample was formed of 200 adult diabetic patients, more than half (53.5%) were females. Ages of participant ranged between 25 years and 80 years, with a mean of 52 Â± 11 years. Illiterate women represented 62% of total women, while illiterate men represented 13% of total men. Nearly half of participants had poor dietary practices (45.5%) towards diabetes.There was a better score of good & acceptable dietary practices tend to be more in private hospitals.There is a need to strengthen good dietary practices through health education.
Differential diagnosis and effective therapy for sore throat
Authors: Guseva A. L. , Derbeneva M. L.
Published: December 2021

Sore throat is a common complaint, which can be caused by a typical viral pharyngitis, or it can be rooted in a life-threatening disease such as epiglottitis or inflammation of the cellular spaces in the throat and neck. The doctor should take a closer look at a patient with a sore throat, immediately make a differential diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment, including surgical intervention, if necessary.

The article discusses the most common causes of a sore throat, including various types of pharyngitis, paratonsillar abscess, parapharyngeal abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, epiglottitis.

Viral pharyngitis has a favourable prognosis, resolves without intervention and complications, but bacterial and fungal pharyngitis have a more severe course. Streptococcal pharyngitis caused by group A в-hemolytic streptococcus holds a dominant position in bacterial etiology and requires the use of antibiotic therapy. The differential diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis is based on the modified Centor scores in the routine clinical practice. Antibiotic therapy for streptococcal pharyngitis includes a 10-day course of unprotected penicillins. If a patient has an allergic reaction to penicillins, it is recommended to use clindamycin or clarithromycin. The surgical intervention combined with intramuscular or intravenous antibiotic therapy is recommended for the treatment of purulent processes in the cellular spaces of the neck. These diseases can have life-threatening complications, which include neurological damage, the spread of purulent process in the mediastinum with the development of mediastinitis, laryn-geal stenosis, sepsis, necrotizing fasciitis, jugular vein thrombosis and erosion of the carotid artery. The third generation cephalosporins and protected penicillins are recommended for the treatment of epiglottitis, and respiratory fluoroquinolones are used, if a patient has a history of allergic reactions to penicillins. In severe cases with symptoms of stenosis, intubation can be performed in addition to the use of antibiotics.
Methods of sparing surgical treatment of chronic edematous-polypous laryngitis, edema Reinke
Authors: Abdullaev B. Z. , Nazhmudinov I. I. , Davudov Kh. Sh. , Garashchenko T. I. , Guseynov I. Kh. , Khoranova M. Yu. , Koshel I. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Laryngeal pathology occupies a leading place in the general structure of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, chronic edematous-polypous laryngitis, Reinke-Gayek edema accounts for 5.5% of all benign diseases of the vocal folds. The main method of treating Reinke-Gayek's disease is surgical treatment, which consists in removing excess mucosa, or “stripping” - tearing a strip of mucosa with forceps from the vocal fold. One of the main principles of laryngeal surgery is the maximum preservation of the structures of the vocal fold, obtaining a flexible vibration of the muscular-membranous part and the mucous membrane of the vocal fold.

Purpose. The purpose of our work is to improve the effectiveness of treatment of chronic edematous-polypous laryngitis using a CO2 laser.

Tasks. To develop a differentiated approach to the surgical treatment of chronic edematous-polypous laryngitis using a carbon dioxide laser.

Materials and Methods. We treated 46 patients with Reinke-Gayek disease, including 35 women and 11 men. The age of the patients ranged from 40 to 67 years. Preoperative examination included endoscopic examination, laryngostroboscopy. The type was determined according to the classification of H. Yonekawa, for the choice of further surgical tactics. In type II, an incision of the mucosa, aspiration of gelatinous matter from the Reinke space, and laying of the mucosa were performed. With type III, it is made by forming M-shaped flap to close the defect.

Results. All patients in the preoperative period were surveyed with the VOICE HANDICAP INDEX(VHI-30) questionnaire, laryn-gostroboscopy, and maximum phonation time. In the postoperative period, the examination was performed twice, 1 month after the operation and 3 months after the operation. There is a significant increase in indicators, an increase in the maximum phonation time, a decrease in VHI-30 points.

Conclusion. The use of this technique allowed to significantly accelerate the recovery of the voice, reduce the time spent in the hospital, minimally damaging the structure of the mucous membrane of the vocal folds.
The relevance of topical drugs endaural use in otosurgical practice
Authors: Morozova S. V. , Eremeeva K. V. , Suaifan W. H.A. , Pawlushina E. M.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Preoperative, in particular, antiseptic, preparation of the external auditory canal (EAC) is an important issue for the otosurgeon to take in mind, especially with endaural approach.

The aimof the study is to assess the skin microbiota of the EAC and the effectiveness of antiseptic treatment before endaural intervention.

Materials and methods. A prospective study including 19 patients who underwent ear surgery by endaural approach: 10 stapedoplasty; 9 tympanoplasty. Ear swabs culture were taken from all the patients preoperatively and after removing the tamponade. Of the 10 patients with otosclerosis, 5 underwent skin preparation with 10% povidone iodine and a swab culture.

Results. According to the microbiological examination results, Staphulacoccus Auricularis prevailed in the first smear - 52.6%. In 5 patients with otosclerosis, in comparison to the 1st swab: one case with absence of microorganisms growth, in the other 4 -decrease in the degree of contamination by half. In the 3rd swab, there was no growth in these patients and in the rest, who didn't undergo antiseptic preparation. Patients, without antiseptic preparation of the ear canal, after tympanoplasty (9 patients) in the second smear, had an increase of contamination (from 105 to 106 CFU/ml).

Conclusions. Analysis of the microbiome before and after the operation revealed the growth of predominantly (94.7%) opportunistic microorganisms. Preoperative antiseptic preparation reduces the degree of contamination of the skin, which, in our opinion, prevents complications and improves the healing process.
Possibilities of phyto preparations in treatment of patients with acute cough
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Nikiforova G. N. , Zolotova A. V. , Novtseva E. S.
Published: December 2021

Patients with complaints of coughing make up a significant percentage of doctors in various specialties. Cough is not an independent disease, in most clinical cases it is a symptom of a respiratory disease. In acute respiratory pathology, the cough is usually short-lived and stops after the eradication of the infectious agent and the relief of inflammatory changes. It is important therapeutically to provide a reduction in the duration and relief of cough, as well as the prevention of complications. An effective symptomatic agent in the treatment of coughs of various origins, including inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, are herbal preparations. The fairly widespread use of phytopreparations in clinical practice is due to their high safety, physiological action, availability and effectiveness. The pharmacological action of these drugs in respiratory infections is manifested by antiinflammatory, cytoprotective, antiviral and antioxidant effects, multifactorial improvement of mucociliary cleansing processes. One of these phytopreparations is a monocomponent syrup with expectorant, mucolytic and antispasmodic. The therapeutic effect of drug is explained by the presence in the composition of triterpene glycosides (saponins) from the leaves of Hedera helix . The effectiveness and safety of drug is proved by a sufficient volume of clinical studies and observations. Literature data show that Hedera helix leaf preparations significantly reduce the severity of acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract.

Virtually none of the patients had severe side effects. Allergic reactions were recorded in less than 0.5% of cases, with no mention of a severe allergic reaction of the anaphylaxis type. Thus, the drug of plant origin in the form of drops can be successfully used in patients with symptoms of acute respiratory diseases.
From clinical guidelines to practice. Clinical experience in treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Ovchinnikov A. Y. , Miroshnichenko N. A. , Khon E. M. , Jimsheleishvili N. P. , Simsovа V. A. , Nikolaeva Yu. O.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Antihistamines are the most commonly prescribed class of medications for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, they are also widely used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs. One such drug is levocytirizine, (R) an enantiomer of cetirizine, which is a selective antagonist of peripheral histamine H1-receptors. This article analyzes the properties of levocytirizine in terms of safety and efficacy in allergic rhinitis.

Aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of levocetirizine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) versus placebo, and safety for patients with allergic rhinitis.

Materials and methods. In this, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 52 patients with year-round allergic rhinitis and 28 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were randomized to receive levocetirizine 5 mg/day once or placebo. Mean overall measures of five symptoms (nasal congestion, nasal itching, itchy eyes, rhinorrhea, and sneezing) were compared between treatment groups at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. All individual symptom scores were also examined.

Results. Levocetirizine showed a significant improvement in the condition of patients with CAR and SAR over the entire treatment period compared to placebo. Assessment of individual symptoms showed statistically significant differences in favor of levocetirizine. Conclusion. Levocetirizine is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated drug for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Prospects for the use of bacterial lysates in the complex therapy of chronic adenoiditis
Authors: Dubinets I. D. , Korkmazov A. M. , Angelovich M. S. , Solodovnik A. V. , Mirzagaliev D. M.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Adenotomy is a common surgical procedure in childhood. In children with recurrent infections of the respiratory tract, hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, a sign of lymphoproliferative syndrome of a secondary immunodeficiency state, is characterized by reduced adaptive abilities of mucosal immunity with impaired biocenosis in chronic inflammation. Pharyngeal tonsil surgery is considered stressful in frequently ill children and therefore requires preoperative preparation. In this context, it is relevant to study the nature of changes in the factors of mucosal immunity in terms of cell destruction in the nasal secretion in the complex treatment of children with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil and chronic adenoiditis, as prevention of complications in the postoperative period of adenotomy.

Aim. To increase the effectiveness of the treatment of chronic adenoiditis in children with recurrent infections of the respiratory tract using the combined effect of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation with monochromatic unpolarized light and bacterial lysates.

Materials and methods. In order to test the hypothesis about the possibility of canceling adenotomy in 77 children aged 3-6 years with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, accompanied by chronic inflammation. The effectiveness of the complex treatment was assessed by the functional and metabolic status of nonspecific resistance factors in the nasal lavage.

Results and discussion. The combined effect of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation with photochromotherapy and bacterial lysates leads to the normalization of pathophysiological changes on the surface of the mucous membrane, leading to a balance of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the functional-metabolic status of NG, which makes it possible to postpone adenotomy. The best clinical result is observed when bacterial lysates are used in complex therapy in combination with physiotherapy in children with chronic adenoiditis and, to a certain extent, substantiate the advisability of a combined effect as a non-invasive and effective method.

Conclusions. Topical bacteriolysate in a complex treatment regimen for children with recurrent infections of the respiratory tract against a background of chronic inflammation eliminates bacterial antigens and enhances the intrinsic defenses of the mucous membrane of the pharyngeal tonsil.
Cryptogenic stroke. Part 2: paradoxical embolism
Authors: Kulesh A. A. , Demin D. A. , Belopasova A. V. , Mekhryakov S. A. , Vinogradov O. I. , Syromyatnikova L. I. , Ziankou A. A.
Published: December 2021

Cryptogenic stroke (CS) is defined as a subtype of stroke associated with a heterogeneous group of pathogenetic mechanisms that remained undetermined in the course of advanced diagnostic research. One third or fourth of the ischemic strokes is cryptogenic. Paradoxical embolism is considered the important cause of cryptogenic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) in young patients. It may occur via the following: patent foramen ovale (PFO), atrial septal defect (ASD), and pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM). When interviewing patients with suspected paradoxical embolism to obtain their health history, a practitioner should consider factors associated with Valsalva maneuvers, deep vein thrombosis/PE or predisposing conditions or situations, as well as symptoms of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (telangiectasia of the skin and mucous membranes, hemorrhagic syndrome) and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) (shortness of breath, hemoptysis). If paradoxical embolism is suspected, it is necessary to conduct a stepwise diagnostic search, including transcranial Doppler ultrasound with bubble test, contrast-enhanced transesophageal echocardiography, and CT angiopulmonography. Diagnosis of relevant clinical conditions involves a search of atrial tachyarrhythmias, deep vein thrombosis, and thrombophilia. As the pathogenetic role of ASD and PAVMs in the development of embolic cryptogenic stroke is beyond doubt, the clinical significance of PFO should be determined taking into account several factors, including the presence of deep vein thrombosis/PE, the severity of the right-left shunt, the presence of ASD, the RoPE score, and detection of thrombophilia. The secondary prevention techniques of ischemic stroke or TIA with underlying PFO should be selected on a case-by-case basis, depending on the clinical significance of the anomaly, comorbid pathology, life expectancy of the patient: endovascular occlusion, anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. The secondary prevention with underlying ASD and LAVM includes surgical techniques such as endovascular occlusion or open surgery followed by monitoring of their effectiveness.