bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture: Design and Validation
Authors: P Pavan , P S Kamal , G Govardhan , V Suresh Kumar
Published: May 2023

Abstract: This project's primary goal is to design and implement a simple RISC V instruction set architecture. This paper offers insights into the architecture of the risc v instruction set. This system employs the RISC V R-type (register) type instruction format. Using this format, we designed the fundamental isa and tested its functionality using verilog code. There is no licence fee for using RISC V, an open source isa that is available to everyone. Reduced instruction set (RISC) computers are created to make the individual instructions given to computers to perform various tasks more manageable. Most instruction set architectures, or isas, are proprietary and cannot be used or modified without permission from the companies; as a result, an isa that is free and open source, which is provided by risc v, will help in increasing the speed and lowering system costs by using these instruction set formats, and we are designing 32 bit isa architecture. instruction formats for the risc v instruction set architecture
Breast Cancer Detection Using Machine Learning
Authors: Sinha Apurwa , Kumar Gaurav , Khuman Laishram Yaimaran , Swamy Dr. Suma
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most contagious illnesses and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Early breast cancer detection improves survival rates because better care may be given. Machine learning-based data categorization has been widely employed in breast cancer diagnosis and early detection. This literature review's primary focus is the categorization of accessible data using ML for breast cancer early pin-pointing and spotting. It is clear from reading multiple publications on artificial intelligence that there are several ways for detecting cancer. This study aims to compile reviews and technical publications on breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. It provides an overview of the current research being done on various breast cancer datasets utilising data mining approaches to improve breast cancer detection and prognosis
Automatic Fall Detection and Heartbeat Monitoring for Elderly
Authors: H Mr. Vinay Kumar , Hamsaveni S , Kumar Vijay , .K Mohammed Umer , Quadri Syeda Sania
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Falls and fall-related injuries are major incidents, especially for elderly people, which often mark the onset of major deterioration of health. More than one-third of home-dwelling people aged 65 or aboveand two-thirds of those in residential care fall once or more each year. Reliable fall detection, as well as prevention, is an important research topic for monitoring elderly living alone in residential or hospital units. The aim of this study is to review the existing fall detection systems and some of the key research challenges faced by the research community in this field. We categorize the existing platforms into two groups: wearable and ambient devices; the classification methods are divided into rule-based and machine learning techniques. The relative merit and potential drawbacks are discussed, and we also outline some of the outstanding research challenges that emerging new platforms need to address.
Digital Era Readiness and Leadership and Management Competencies of School Heads in the Schools Division of Marinduque
Authors: Padolina- Alcantara Fretzie P.
Published: May 2023

Abstract: This study focuses on the digital era readiness in terms of digital leadership and digital skills and school leadership and management competencies of school heads in the Schools Division of Marinduque which is anchored on the undeniable need for competent school leadership and management that can effectively satisfy the complex and multi-layered requirements of the Education 4.0 era. This validates the need for anything 'new' in school leadership and management capacity of school heads, particularly in terms of their ability to effectively lead transformation in schools. The study employed 176 elementary and 46 secondary school heads during School Year 2020-2021 and used quantitative research design with frequency, ranking, mean and Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman-Rho as statistical tools. An online researcher-made questionnaire was used in the gathering of data. Result of the study reveals that school heads are approaching readiness (3.92) in the digital era of Education 4.0 as manifested by their digital leadership (3.94) and digital skills (3.90). They also exhibited moderate proficiency (4.04) in the execution of their leadership and management competencies in five domains as expected in the Philippine Professional Standards for School Heads (PPSSH). Meanwhile, a significant relationship (P-value: 0.000) was noted between their digital era readiness and their leadership and management competencies.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Emotion Recognition
Authors: M Anjana C
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Emotion recognition is the task of machines trying to analyze, interpret and classify human emotion through the analysis of facial features. AI emotion recognition is a very active current field of computer vision research that involves facial emotion detection and the automatic assessment of sentiment from visual data. Human-machine interaction is an important area of research where artificially intelligent systems with visual perception aim to gain an understanding of human interaction. AI emotion recognition leverages machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, and other technologies to recognize emotions based on object and motion detection. This paper presents the role of AI in emotion recognition. In this case, the machine treats the human face as an object. Through computer vision, the machine can observe facial features like the mouth, eyes, and eyebrows, notice their position, and track their movements over time. It then compares the captured data from the movements with already learned emotions.
Comparison Of ARIMA And Exponential Smoothing Holt-Winters Methods For Forecasting CPI In The Tegal City, Central Java
Authors: Efrilia Ika
Published: May 2023

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an essential economic index that shows the level of prices for goods and services consumed by the public in a certain period in a specific region so that forecasting the ICP is needed to find out the pattern of economic movement in the area. The purpose of this study is to determine the forecasting rate for CPI from July 2021 to June 2022 by comparing two forecasting methods, i.e., ARIMA and Exponential Smoothing Holt-Winters. The data used in this study is Tegal City CPI data for January 2014 - June 2021, with the year 2018 as the base year equals 100 with a time series of 90 observations. The backcasting technique was implemented to the CPI figures of January 2014 – December 2019 (Base Year 2012=100) to adjust the new Base Year following 2018 on Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP). The results from the two methods show that the Exponential Holt-Winters method has a minor Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value, which is 0.281 compared to the MAPE of ARIMA value of 0.311. Hence, the Exponential Holt-Winters Additive method is chosen as the best CPI forecasting model for Tegal City
Causal Influence between the JSX Composite Index and the FTSE Straits Times Index in Time Series
Authors: Muktar Redy Susila
Published: May 2023

This research analyzes the causal influence between the JSX Composite Index and the FTSE Straits Times Index. The data used in this study is a monthly period time series data. The period for the JCI to be observed is January 2015 to June 2022. The VAR method was used to analyze the causal influence of the two indices. The analysis results show that the appropriate VAR model is VAR ( 1,4,5), RMSE value of 212.15 for the JSX Composite Index and 123.76 for the FTSE Straits Times Index. Based on the analysis results using the VAR model, information is obtained that the two indices influence each other. The value of the JSX Composite Index formed in the current period is controlled by the value of the JSX Composite Index and the FTSE Straits Times Index in the previous period. Likewise, for the FTSE Straits Times Index, the results show that the value of the FTSE Straits Times Index formed in the current period is influenced by the value of the JSX Composite Index and the FTSE Straits Times Index in the previous period.
Determinant of Trade Balance: Empirical Study in ASEAN 5 Countries
Authors: Purnamasari Erika Novendira , Zuhroh Idah , Kurniawati Eris Tri
Published: May 2023

International trade is a form of partnership and global activity of a country with other countries, traded from exports and imports. International trade activity is recorded in the trade balance for a certain period based on the value of the prevailing currency. It is one of the benchmarks for the success of an economy. This study examines the relationship between fundamental macroeconomic variables consisting of inflation, interest rates, imports, exchange rates, and GDP, which affect the trade balance performance in ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand). The analytical method used is a regression with panel data from 2000-2019 with research objects from ASEAN-5 countries. The results of the analysis found that interest rates and imports had a significant adverse effect on the trade balance in ASEAN-5. GDP and exchange rates significantly positively affect the trade balance of ASEAN-5 countries. On the other hand, inflation has a negative effect but does not significantly affect the trade balance in ASEAN-5 countries.
How Consumers Perceive Towards Traditional or Modern Markets Proven by Consumer Preference Logistic Regression
Authors: Riviera Kyandra , Suharno  , Fauzi Pahrul
Published: May 2023

Indonesia is ranked 4th as the country with the most population in the world. The large population in Indonesia causes an increase in the demand for basic needs. A large population has caused the market that supplies basic needs to increase. Undeniably, some consumers have switched to the modern market because of the rapid development experienced by the current market. The current market can meet the needs of very diverse consumers. This study aims to determine whether the rapid growth of the modern market ensures that consumer preferences shift towards the current market. Analyze whether income factors, distance from home to the nearest traditional market and the closest modern market, facilities, and operating hours influence consumer preferences in choosing a place to shop for basic needs. This study uses logistic regression as a quantitative analysis. Based on the research and data analysis results, two variables affect consumer preferences: facilities and distance from home to the nearest modern market. In comparison, three variables do not affect consumer preferences: income, distance from home to the nearest traditional market, and operating hours. Based on the results obtained through interviews with as many as 110 respondents, there were 70 respondents, or 64 percent of respondents, chose to shop at the modern market. The thing that consumers want most when shopping is convenience. Consumers in Indonesia itself are very diverse. Therefore, traditional and contemporary markets can increase this convenience in several ways, such as the neat arrangement of goods, a clean environment, and big parking lots.
PENERAPAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN BADAN BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2007 DAN HARMONISASI PERPAJAKAN
Authors: Lubis Asep Ridwan , Dinanti Dinda
Published: May 2023

Corporate income tax is one of the sources of tax that contributes a lot to state revenue. The application of taxes carried out by several companies certainly cannot be separated from the efforts made by the management to comply with the applicable tax laws and regulations. This article aims to provide a theoretical review as well as a brief summary of the application of Corporate Income Tax (PPh) found in several companies in Indonesia based on the KUP Law and the HPP Law. Data was collected through a qualitative approach which is a literature study. The type of data used is secondary data where the data is obtained indirectly. The results of the study indicate that the application of corporate income tax carried out by companies in Indonesia has made adjustments to changes in the policies of the applicable laws and regulations. The tax rate will also be more effective and efficient if the company uses the calculation of the Final Corporate Income Tax Rate, but currently there are not many literature studies that use the application of the 22% Final Corporate Income Tax.
DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IMBAL HASIL OBLIGASI AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN INDONESIA
Authors: Aji Dwi Cahyono , Abdullah Mohammad Faisal
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of external macroeconomic factors represented by US bond yields, the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar, and the Standard and Poor's 500 (S&P 500 index) on the Jakarta Composite Stock Price Index with monthly data. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. Then do the T test to test the partial effect of the independent variables, F test to test the simultaneous effect of the independent variables and test the coefficient of determination. To find out the feasibility of the research model, a classical assumption test was also carried out. The results of the study are that all independent variables have an overall significant effect on the Jakarta composite index. While partially the United States bond yield variable and the S&P 500 index have a positive and significant effect on the JCI. On the other hand, the rupiah exchange rate variable against the US dollar has a negative and significant effect on the Jakarta Composite Stock Price Index.
An analysis of Employed Workers’ Needs for Outplacement Program
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Choi Jieun
Published: May 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the needs of the outplacement program of workers. to this end, this study conducted a need analysis on 423 employed people working at companies nationwide.
Methods For the analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA analysis, Borich needs and the Locus for Focus Model were conducted.
Results First, the gender, age, educational background, company size, field of employment, and career period of employed workers were all significant. Second, there was a significant difference between the importance and the current level in all items of the outplacement program. Third, the top priority competencies derived from Borich needs and The Locus for Focus model were government-supported reemployment and vocational training education, career goal setting and implementation plan, new technology education, coping plan for workplace difficulties, and job change options, In addition, the next priority was the start-up experience process, success and failure cases, networking with success people, mentoring with start-up seniors, and predicting and preventing start-up risks.
Conclusions This study presented the priority of the outplacement program for employed workers. in addition, it will help improve the effectiveness of the program in that provides practical guidelines for the operation of the outplacement program.
The Effect of Adult Learners Learning Presence who have Participated in Online Lifelong Education Program on Learning Satisfaction: The Mediating Effect of Learning Flow and the Moderating Effect of Interaction
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Choi Jae Hee , Lee Hee Su
Published: May 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the moderated mediating effect of Learning Flow and Interaction in the effects of adult learners Learning Presence(cognitive presence, social presence and, emotional presence) on Learning Satisfaction.
Methods For this purpose, an online questionnaire was conducted on adult learners at lifelong education institutions in Seoul Metropolitan Area. Data from total of 273 surveys were used for the analysis. For data analysis, SPSS 26.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro 3.5 were used. The mediating effect, the moderating effect and the moderated mediation effect were verified. Bootstrapping was performed to verify the significance of the indirect effect.
Results First, the mediating effect of Learning Flow in the relationship between Learning Presence(cognitive presence, social presence and, emotional presence) and Learning Satisfaction was verified. Second, the moderating effect of the Interaction between Learning Presence(cognitive presence, social presence and, emotional presence) and Learning Flow was verified. Third, the moderated mediating effect of Learning Flow and Interaction was verified in the effect of Learning Presence(cognitive presence, social presence and, emotional presence) on Learning Satisfaction.
Conclusions The results of this study suggest that in order to increase the learning satisfaction in the online learning environment of adult learners, it is necessary to create and operate an educational environment in which not only tor the learning presence to be perceived by the learner but also for the interaction to take place.
Prototype Sistem Monitoring Dan Kontrol Temperatur Cat Pada Proses Pengecatan Rangka Sepeda Motor Berbasis Internet Of Things
Authors: Oktavialdi Mirzaryan
Published: May 2023

Untuk meningkatkan sistem monitoring dan sistem notifikasi data yang kurang realtime penulis berencana merancang sebuah sistem monitoring berbasis android dengan metode Internet of Things (IoT). Pada sistem ini terdapat sebuah sensor suhu RTD PT100 sebagai pendeteksi suhu cairan Cat pada tangki Cat untuk proses pengecetan di lapangan, serta peranan notifikasi jika terjadi kesalahan membuat berkurangnya persentase resiko terjadinya kerusakan. Metode Internet of Things yang digunakan dapat bekerja dengan baik ketika terjadi gangguan berupa terputusnya komunikasi dan hilangnya aliran daya dalam equipment yang di monitoring. Dengan bantuan mikrokontroller sebagai pemeroses data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini dan berdasarkan hasil simulasi menghasilkan hasil yang cukup baik. Dengan pembacaan rata – rata error sensor RTD PT100 pada media air sebesar 0.60% dengan selisih suhu terbesar yaitu 0.20 oC, dan pembacaan sensor RTD PT100 pada media cat dengan rata – rata error sebesar 0.80% dengan selisih suhu terbesar yaitu 0.35 oC yang menandakan sensor masih dalam kondisi yang baik, dan pembacaan sensor DS18B20 pada media air sebesar 0.42% dengan selisih suhu terbesar yaitu 0.20 oC, dan pembacaan sensor DS18B20 pada media cat dengan rata – rata error sebesar 0.78% dengan selisih suhu terbesar yaitu 0.25 oC yang menandakan sensor masih dalam kondisi yang baik, Hasil kontrol dan monitoring sistem menggunakan system website, serta monitoring data sensor di Android berjalan secara realtime tanpa adanya error yang terjadi.
Integrated Control of River Overflow Based on Microcontroller
Authors: Hutauruk Sindak , Sianturi Libianko , Habeahan Rido Oktovianus
Published: May 2023

This river overflow control is carried out in stages and in an integrated manner. The river water level is detected in real time with four levels, namely normal, alert, standby, and beware. The overflow of river water at each level will flow automatically through three floodgates that work simultaneously, followed by turning on three water pumps which also work simultaneously. The water flowing from the floodgates is channeled into an irrigation area, while the pumped water is flowed into a reservoir. This river overflow control is carried out in an integrated manner between monitoring the river water level, opening and closing the floodgates, working the pump, and detecting the reservoir maximum level. When all the floodgates are fully open and all pumps are running, and the water level in the reservoir has reached the maximum limit, the alarm will sound. Such conditions are stated in a state of over flow or out of control. This control is based on a microcontroller so that it has a fast response with minimal components. The control system is designed and made in a miniature form that runs well and with a fast response time.
Utilizing waste heat gasoline engine in the design and fabrication of a fin and tube evaporator for the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Authors: Martin Awaludin , Hartono Rudi , Asrian Reza
Published: May 2023

The excessive consumption of fossil fuels is causing environmental problems, which can be addressed by utilizing renewable energy sources such as hydro energy, biomass, solar heat, geothermal, and waste heat. In particular, the exhaust gas from gasoline engines presents an opportunity for energy recovery, as only 25% of the energy is utilized while the remaining 75% is wasted. A fin and tube type evaporator was designed, manufactured, and tested to utilize this exhaust gas in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. The evaporator was designed with an outer tube diameter of 9.525 mm and a total tube length of 41.4 m, featuring 90 tubes and 135 fins with a total area of 14,325 m2. It achieved an average effectiveness of 94.33%. The results showed that the waste heat from the exhaust gas of a gasoline engine could be used as a source of energy in an ORC system with an efficiency of 2.13%. It results in 7.02 kJ/s of energy absorbed by the evaporator and a net power generated of 0.15 kJ/s. This research demonstrates the potential for utilizing waste heat from gasoline engines as an energy source to generate electricity.
Development of a smart system for gasoline car emissions diagnosis using Bayesian Network
Authors: Romahadi Dedik , Suprihatiningsih Wiwit , Pramono Yudha Aji , Xiong Hui
Published: May 2023

A vehicle exhaust emissions test is an activity carried out to determine the content of the remaining combustion products that occur in the fuel in the vehicle engine. Many people do not understand exhaust gas content from emission tests, so to make this easier, this study aims to create a smart application that can diagnose vehicle emissions quickly and accurately using the Bayesian Network (BN) algorithm. Application development begins with BN modeling using the MSBNx application until the appropriate results are achieved. Validation of the BN structure that has been designed with various inputs is carried out to ensure that the BN modeling is correct. The next step is to compile the BN modeling algorithm in the MATLAB application so that it becomes a system that can process input in the form of measurement results for Toyota car emissions. The new BN model for vehicle emission gas diagnosis has been successfully constructed. The results of the system reading when there is an HC content of 217 ppm, the probability value of bad emissions increases to 63.5%. Of the 10 tests performed, the system was able to diagnose them all correctly.
Modeling and implementing a load management system for a solar home system based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Saini Makmur , Djalal Muhammad Ruswandi , Azhar Muhammad , Patrix Golda Evangelista
Published: May 2023

Solar Home System is one of the technologies for utilizing solar power at home. To optimize the performance of PLTS, it is necessary to regulate the use of electrical energy. In this research, an effort is made to control the load using fuzzy logic to regulate the power consumption used by the load so that energy can be utilized effectively. The fuzzy logic method works based on the input given so that the desired results can be as expected. To test the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic method, this study was tested with two types of loads: lighting and fan loads. For lighting loads, it uses two light sensor inputs, and for air conditioning, it uses two temperature sensor inputs and a PIR sensor. The test results show that in the experiment of setting the light load using fuzzy logic, the average power usage at the load is 11.31 watts. In contrast, without fuzzy logic, the average power usage value for the load is 14.29 watts. In the fan load control experiment using fuzzy logic, the energy consumption setting was obtained according to the room temperature input and the number of people in the room. The test results received power usage without using fuzzy logic, where the average fan power usage value is 4.32 Watts, while without fuzzy logic, the average power usage value is 2.97 Watts. For one sensor input, the average power usage value of the average fan is 3.02 Watts; without fuzzy logic, the average power usage value is 2.93 Watts for two sensor inputs.
The assessment of drainage performance in the residential area using SWMM
Authors: Juliastuti Yuliastuti , Wihartono Timotius Kurniawan , Setyandito Oki , Wijayanti Yureana , Safitri Lisma , Sebayang Ika Sari Damayanti
Published: May 2023

Flood is a general issue that can lead to the life and safety of residents. One of the problems is the lack of capacity in the drainage system in a residential area. This paper will analyze the drainage system based on the capacity in one of the residential clusters. The method for the drainage system performance in hydrology analysis was carried out with Log Person, and the return period for rainfall duration is ten years (R10) for hydraulic analysis using drainage system modeling with EPA – SWMM 5.1. The result based on hydrological is the precipitation for flood forecasting is 159.79 mm. It is found that the drainage capacity is filled in downstream of the main drain with a maximum discharge of 2.726 m3/s and secondary drains with a maximum discharge of 0.624 m3/s. Improvements were made to resolve the insufficiency of the existing channels by running two different scenarios: (1) Re-design the dimensions of the main and secondary channels, (2) Implement a detention pond, as well as re-design the dimensions of the secondary channels. Both scenarios could overcome the flood problem. Scenario 2 shows a higher reduction in the flow discharge at the downstream channel compared to scenario 1.
Red inalámbrica de sensores con topología clúster con nodo sumidero en vehículo aéreo no tripulado para la recolección de datos de las variables edafoclimaticas de un cultivo de banano
Authors: Camargo-Ariza Luis Leonardo , Gasca-Mantilla Maira Cecilia , Castrillo-Fernandez Luis Jose
Published: May 2023

En este trabajo se establecen los parámetros para la conectividad de una red inalámbrica de sensores con topología clúster con nodo sumidero en vehículo aéreo no tripulado para la recolección de datos de las variables edafoclimaticas de un cultivo de banano variedad Willams. Para esto se modelan las pérdidas del canal inalámbrico en la plantación a una frecuencia de 900 MHz, con el propósito de estimar la distancia entre los nodos de la red. Además, se estima la altura de sobrevuelo y la distancia de acercamiento del dron al nodo cabeza de clúster, empleando transmisores a 2400 MHz y antenas λ/4 con línea de vista. Se obtiene un modelo de pérdidas con una atenuación promedio del canal de 68.99 dB, un exponente de pérdidas de camino de 4.88 y una desviación estándar de 4.2 dB. Se determina una distancia entre nodos de 71 metros usando una sombra de 4.3 dB para una probabilidad de éxito del 85%. Se establece una altura de sobrevuelo de 40 metros con distancia de acercamiento al nodo cabeza de clúster de 20 metros. Se concluye que es posible implementar este tipo de red en esta plantación usando tecnología XBee para la comunicación entre los nodos de clúster y WiFi para conectar el nodo sumidero y los nodos cabeza de clúster.
gesto contínuo
Authors: Caetano Kati , Boroski Márcia , De Souza Fernando Artur
Published: May 2023

Este trabalho discute a permanência das fotos em preto e branco em espaços de midiatização recentes e as experiências de espacialidade e temporalidade como grandezas que dão espessura a um fato transformando-o na narrativização da dor, por meio do jornalismo visual. Partimos da ideia do fotográfico dentro da ambiência digital e o tomamos como um modo de constituir simbolicamente uma discursividade visual, suscetível de provocar nas interações dos sujeitos com as imagens e entre si. Para tanto, analisa-se uma série chamada Mothers of Patience, de Fatemeh Behboudi, visando compreender as implicações da figuração da dor por meio das perspectivas teóricas de Didi-Hubeman, Flusser e Agamben, entre outros.
Technique Development in Improving the Solubility of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs (BCS II and IV)
Authors: Reza Pahlevi Muhamad , Sopyan Iyan , Gozali Dolih
Published: May 2023

Orally active drugs are currently available on the market. API should have adequate solubility and permeability to enhance its therapeutic efficacy when administered orally and obtain optimum bioavailability. Almost 40% of New Chemical Entities had limited solubility or fell into BCS class II and IV. Our review aims to summarize and discuss the development of methods and characterization for increasing the solubility of poorly aqueous drugs from papers published in Google Scholar, NCBI, Science direct, Researchgate, and MDPI. We checked that the methods used such as solid dispersion, cocrystal formation, and coamorphous can increase the solubility of API which has an impact on increasing bioavailability. The successful formation of solid dispersions, cocrystals and coamorphs can be confirmed by the characterization of PXRD, DSC and SEM. In conclusion, drug solubility is an important aspect of pharmacological effects. Drugs with high solubility can provide fast solubility rates and high bioavailability, reducing the dose administered. Solid dispersion, cocrystals, and coamorphous techniques, have succeeded in increasing the solubility of BCS class II and IV drugs.
Developing oral language skills are assets: A longitudinal study assessing young students’ oral language skills in three languages in Kenya
Authors: Dubeck Margaret , Mutinda Philip W , King Simon J , Guo Xinyan , Koko Sarah
Published: May 2023

Background: Most oral language assessments measure competency in just
one language, which risks describing multilingual children by their
deficits as opposed to capturing their knowledge across languages
(assets). Methods: The Multi-Language Assessment (MLA) was developed to
be a brief, direct tool to capture young children’s expressive language
skills across three languages. This study explored its use in a
longitudinal design that followed kindergartners (N = 200, with exposure
to three languages (English, Kiswahili, Kikamba) over 7 months in
government schools in rural Kenya. Results: The MLA loaded on a single
factor (0.21–0.60), was valid for the construct, stable, reliably
administered (97% consistency), and informative as a supplement to
measurements of reading achievement. There was sufficient power to
describe individual changes in language use as well as predictive power.
It explained 26% of the variance in letter sounds and 21% of the
variance in spelling. Conclusions: It was most sensitive to showing
language changes over time for children with middle and lower abilities.
Children who could demonstrate complete or partial knowledge of
concepts, improved their mastery and expressed some preference for
mother tongue. The MLA fills a gap to capture the expressive language
skills of young children in multilingual environments.
Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania: challenges and recommendations
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Talha Muhammad , Abdullah Muhammad , Humayun Ayesha
Published: May 2023

The current outbreak of Marburg Virus in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania
is a growing concern in Sub-Saharan African Region. With a mortality
rate of upto 88%, lack of treatment and its transmissibility, it has a
very high epidemic and pandemic potential. Unrestricted traveling can
result in a global pandemic with ease. The virus is transmitted mainly
via blood, skin puncture and fomites with secretions of an infected
person or Rousette bat colonies. The symptoms are divided into three
phases similar to the ebola virus. The average incubation period is
about 5-9 days. Many experimental drugs are being developed revealing
positive results like Favipravir (antiviral) and MR191-N (monoclonal
antibody). Pre-exposure vaccines are currently in Phase 1 clinical
trials. Post-exposure vaccines have also shown positive outcomes.
Stakeholders within countries should take action with strong commitment
by following instructions and warnings issued by WHO.
The heat is on: Predicting Urban Stream Temperature Responses to Summer Storms
Authors: Knapp Julia , Kelleher Christa
Published: May 2023

Short-term surges in stream temperature in response to storm events have
frequently been observed in urban areas , highlighting the need
for improved understanding of the factors influencing urban stream
temperature. Urban land cover complexity and infrastructure designed for
rapid water routing to the sewer system create a direct link between
storm events and water release processes, influencing urban stream
temperature responses. This study aims to identify predictors of diverse
stream temperature response patterns to summer storms. We analyzed 403
storm events from six urban and semi-urban catchments along the US East
Coast using dynamic time warping to identify archetype patterns of
stream temperature responses. We further disentangled observed stream
temperature increase patterns to reveal the drivers associated with
“heat pulses”, which are characterized by a rapid but high-magnitude
temperature increase followed by a sharp temperature drop at the start
of the hydrograph. Our results show that stream temperature patterns
were event-specific and linked to pre-event conditions and
rainfall-runoff characteristics, with the shape of the hydrograph and
rainfall-runoff response identified as the most important determinators
of the observed temperature response patterns. Ponded surface waters and
storm drains, as well as cooler water from the shallow subsurface, were
identified as likely sources contributing to temperature patterns. These
findings have important implications for understanding urban hydrology
and the contributions of different source zones in urban catchments.
Specifically, our results suggest that streamwater temperature can serve
as a cost-effective tracer of information about urban water sources and
pathways, aiding in the understanding of complex urban hydrology.
Molecular phylogeny reveals cryptic diversity in Sibynophis from China (Serpentes: Sibynophiidae)
Authors: Guo Peng , Wang Ping , Lyu Bing , Liu Qin , Zheng Jieyu , Fu Chunmei , Wu Yayong , Shu Guocheng , Hou Shaobing
Published: May 2023

Illumination of species diversity and their distribution is key to
evolution, genetics and conservation. The genus of Sibynophis is a group
of rare snakes with less attentions. Based on more extensive sampling,
we use both mitochondrial fragments and nuclear gene to explore the
species diversity of the species of Sibynophis occurring in China. The
results showed that S. c. miyiensis is a synonym of S. c. grahami, and
S. c. grahami should be gave a specific rank as S. graham. Sibynophis
triangularis was uncovered to be new to China and Myanmar. On basis of
our specimens and molecular phylogeny results, the species distribution
boundaries of each Chinese species were redefined.
Specific Visual-volumetric Sensor for Mercury Ion Based on Smart Hydrogel
Authors: Zhang Shenghai , Chen Simeng , Guo Dian , Xue Kaixi , Qu Wenzhong , Li Run , Zhang Jidong , Yang Lingjian
Published: May 2023

On the bases of “seeing is believing” concept and the existing theory
of coordination chemistry, we innovatively designed and synthesized a
visual-volumetric sensor platform with fluorescein and uracil
functionalized polyacrylamide hydrogel for the first time. Without the
aid of complicated instruments and any power sources, the sensor enables
quantitative detection M level by reading graduation on a pipette with
the naked-eye. The sensor undergoes volumetric response and shows a wide
linear response range to (~) with of the detection
limit. The high selective (easily distinguished from other common metal
ions), rapid response (~30min) and acceptable
reproducibility (RSD<5% in all cases) demonstrated that the
developed sensor is suitable for practical use onsite for the
determination of while conveniently being low cost, simple and portable.
The design principles of the obtained materials and the construction
techniques and methods of the sensors in our work provide a new idea for
the research and development of smart materials and series of
visual-volumetric sensors for other analytes.
Clinical Performance of the STANDARD M10 SARS-CoV-2 Rapid RT-PCR Assay in an Emergency Department
Authors: Bae Mi Hyun , Lee Dong-hyun , Han Eunhee , Ryu Soorack , Choi Hyuk joong , Kim Jieun
Published: May 2023

Background: In emergency departments, rapid screening of severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is important for
arranging limited isolation resources and patient care during the
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. STANDARD M10 SARS-CoV-2
(SD Biosensor) is a recently developed cartridge-based RT-PCR that
provides a turnaround time of 1 h, which is shorter than that for
conventional RT-PCR. This study evaluated the clinical performance of
STANDARD M10 in an emergency department. Methods: From March to
June 2022, two pairs of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were
collected from patients visiting an emergency department. Respective
specimens underwent rapid RT-PCR using STANDARD M10 and conventional
RT-PCR using Allplex SARS-CoV-2 (Seegene). When discordant results
occurred, specimens undergoing the STANDARD M10 were retested with the
Allplex to exclude specimen variations. Retest results replaced initial
results of the Allplex. Clinical performance of STANDARD M10 was
compared with Allplex. Results: The study enrolled 1,971
patients. COVID-19 prevalence was 6.2% based on the Allplex. Compared
with the Allplex, overall agreement, positive percent agreement, and
negative percent agreement of STANDARD M10 were 99.5% (95% CI:
99.1–99.8%), 95.9% (95% CI: 90.8–98.3%), and 99.8% (95% CI:
99.4–99.9%), respectively. Discordant results between STANDARD M10 and
Allplex were observed only in specimens with Ct >33 using
the Allplex. Conclusions: The STANDARD M10 showed reliable
diagnostic performance for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in emergency departments
and is a useful tool in emergency healthcare systems because of its
easy-to-use cartridge-based assay and short resulting time for detecting
SARS-CoV-2.
Discovery of Michael reaction acceptors from the leaves of Ai-lanthus altissima by a modified tactic
Authors: Duan Zhi-Kang , Guo Shan-Shan , Ye Li , Gao Zhi-Heng , Liu Dai , Yao Guodong , Song Shaojiang , Huang Xiao-Xiao
Published: May 2023

Structural characteristics-guided investigation of Ailanthus altissima
(Mill.) Swingle resulted in the isolation and identification of seven
undescribed potential Michael reaction acceptors (1–7). Ailanlactone A
(1) possesses an unusual 1,7-epoxy-11,12-seco quassinoid core.
Ailanterpene B (6) was a rare guaianolide-type sesquiterpene with a
5/6/6/6-fused skeleton. Their structures were determined through
extensive analysis of physiochemical and spectroscopic data, quantum
chemical calculations, and single crystal X-ray crystallo-graphic
technology using Cu Kα radiation. The cytotoxic activities against HepG2
and Hep3B cells of isolates were determined. En-couragingly,
ailanaltiolide K (4) showed significant cytotoxicity against Hep3B cells
with IC50 values of 1.41 ± 0.21 μM, whose covalent binding mode was
uncovered in silico.
The intracellular auxin homeostasis regulators PIN5 and PIN8 have a divergent membrane topology in Arabidopsis thaliana root cells.
Authors: Seifu Yewubnesh Wendimu , Pukyšová Vendula , Rýdza Nikola , Bilanovičová Veronika , Zwiewka Marta , Sedláček Marek , Nodzyński Tomasz
Published: May 2023

PIN proteins establish the auxin concentration gradient, which
coordinates plant growth. PIN1-4 and 7 localized at the plasma membrane
(PM) and facilitate polar auxin transport while the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) localized PIN5 and PIN8 maintain the intracellular auxin
homeostasis. Although an antagonistic activity of PIN5 and PIN8 proteins
in regulating the intracellular auxin homeostasis and other
developmental events have been reported, how the two proteins, which
localize at the same intracellular compartment, antagonize each other
remains unclear. Combining immunolocalization, pH-dependent fluorescent
quenching, and topology prediction programs, we mapped the membrane
topology of PIN5 and PIN8 in Arabidopsis thaliana root cells. Our
results indicate that, except for the similarities in the orientation of
the N-terminus, PIN5 and PIN8 have an opposite orientation of the
central hydrophilic loop and the C-terminus, as well as an unequal
number of transmembrane domains (TMDs). PIN8 has ten TMDs with groups of
five alpha-helices separated by the central hydrophilic loop (HL)
residing in the ER lumen, and its N- and C-terminals are positioned in
the cytoplasm. However, the topology of PIN5 comprises nine TMDs. Its
N-terminal end and the central HL face the cytoplasm while its
C-terminus resides in the ER lumen. Overall, the divergent membrane
topology of PIN5 and PIN8 reflects different and often mutually opposing
activities of these intracellular auxin homeostasis regulators.
Identifying Ice-Jam Flooding Events through the Application of Dendrogeomorphological Methods
Authors: Lubiniecki Teagan , Laroque Colin P. , Lindenschmidt Karl-Erich
Published: May 2023

In this research, we explore whether a dendrogeomorphological assessment
of tree scarring can accurately summarize past ice-jam flooding events
occurring at a given reach of a river. A sample site was chosen with a
history of ice-jam flooding located in close proximity to a river gauge
station. Samples were collected along a 200-metre stretch of riverbank
to capture the variation in elevations and possible different ice-jam
flooding events. Disk samples were collected from trees with visual
scarring evidence that indicated they had endured a past ice-jam event.
Tree cores from an adjacent stand were collected to create a master
chronology for each of the sampled species. Tree disks and cores were
analyzed under a microscope using a Velmex stage system, then visually
and statistically crossdated using the program COFECHA. Based on the
last year of tree growth, years of individual injury events were
established. The years of injury event dates were compared against the
years of highest instantaneous maximum water elevations from gauged
river data. The two data sets correlated, as years with highest recorded
injury event dates were also the years of highest instantaneous water
level elevations. The most common years of injury event dates were
directly reflected in the top five years of highest river instantaneous
water level elevations. In addition, the year of 2020 had the highest
water elevations in the past 27 years, which was again reflected in the
dendrogeomorphological data as the injury event year of 2020 was
recorded on over 90% of the sampled tree disks. The correlation found
between the gauged river data and the dendrogeomorphological data
strongly suggests that past ice-jam flooding event dates can accurately
be determined through the analysis of trees in riverbank stretches that
have been impacted by ice-jams. The relationship of the gauged river
data to the dendrogeomorphological data will therefore allow researchers
to determine ice-jam site histories in remote areas where no gauged data
exists. The site histories can provide information such as the years or
heights that past ice-jam flooding occurred, which could then be used in
ice-jam flooding hazard assessments.
Infantile and Post-infantile Epileptic Spasms (West Syndrme) Presenting in Psychiatric Clinic of Sarkin Maska Shehu Hospital (SMASH) Funtua, Katsina State
Authors: Raji Saheed , Garba Tukur , Dambo Fatima , Adamu Hannatu , Ahmad Adam , Musa Kabir , Ridwanu Sulaiman
Published: May 2023

Epileptic spasm is a type of seizure disorder, uncommonly diagnosed and
under-recognized nosological condition with possibility of
neuropsychological deterioration. This study aims to estimate the
burden, identify the possible aetiological factors and the prognostic
factors of epileptic spasm in psychiatric clinic of Sarkin Maska Shehu
Hospital (SMASH) Funtua. Questionnaire detailing sociodemographic and
clinical variables were administered to participants with symptoms of
epileptic spasm who were recruited from psychiatric clinic over six
months and followed up for another minimum period of six months. Data
analysis was done with PSPP (free version of statistical package for
social sciences, SPSS). Data was collated from 57 out of 59 participants
diagnosed of epileptic spasms during the study period. 30 (52.60%) were
males, infancy was the modal age of symptom onset, though usually
presented at toddlers and school age group with median frequency of
10-spasms per day. Cerebral Infection/infestation 16 (28.07%),
precipitate labor 14 (24.56%) and hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy (HIE)
11(19.30%) were the leading contextual factors recognized in the study.
Total spasm abatement was attained in 21 (56.76) out of 37 participants
placed on prednisolone therapy. None of the factors studied is
associated or predict response to prednisolone therapy. Epileptic spasm
is relatively common in the study setting. Onset is usually in infancy,
though usually presented in toddler and school-age, with few adult onset
and presentations. Cerebral Infection/infestation, precipitate labor and
perinatal asphyxia were the leading contextual factors. Prednisolone was
the only first-line treatment option in the study centre with total
symptom abatement in 21(56.76%) of participants.
Global, regional, and national prevalence of prediabetes in 2021 and 2045
Authors: R. Rooney Mary , Fang Michael , Ogurtsova Katherine , Ozkan Bige , B. Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin , J. Boyko Edward , J Magliano Dianna , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

  

Objective: To estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of prediabetes defined by impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG). 

Research Design and Methods: We reviewed 7,014 publications for high-quality estimates of IGT (2-hour glucose, 7.8-11.0 mmol/L [140-199 mg/dL]) and IFG (fasting glucose, 6.1-6.9 mmol/L [110-125 mg/dL]) prevalence for each country. We used logistic regression to generate prevalence estimates for IGT and IFG among adults aged 20-79y in 2021 and projections for 2045. For countries without in-country data, we extrapolated estimates from countries with available data with similar geography, income, ethnicity, and language. Estimates were standardized to the age distribution for each country from the United Nations.

Results: Approximately two-thirds of countries did not have high-quality IGT or IFG data. There were 50 high-quality studies for IGT from 43 countries, and 43 high-quality studies for IFG from 40 countries. Eleven countries had data for both IGT and IFG. The global prevalence of IGT in 2021 was 9.1% (464 million) and is projected to increase to 10.0% (638 million) in 2045. The global prevalence of IFG in 2021 was 5.8% (298 million) and is projected to increase to 6.5% (414 million) in 2045. The 2021 prevalence of IGT and IFG were highest in high-income countries. In 2045, the largest relative growth in cases of IGT and IFG was in low-income countries.

Conclusions: The global burden of prediabetes is substantial and growing. Enhancing prediabetes surveillance is necessary to effectively implement diabetes prevention policies and interventions.