bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PET‐MRI Applications and Future Prospects in Psychiatry
Authors: Zürcher Nicole R. , Chen Jingyuan E. , Wey Hsiao‐Ying
Published: June 2024

This article reviews the synergistic application of positron emission tomography‐magnetic resonance imaging (PET‐MRI) in neuroscience with relevance for psychiatry, particularly examining neurotransmission, epigenetics, and dynamic imaging methodologies. We begin by discussing the complementary insights that PET and MRI modalities provide into neuroreceptor systems, with a focus on dopamine, opioids, and serotonin receptors, and their implications for understanding and treating psychiatric disorders. We further highlight recent PET‐MRI studies using a radioligand that enables the quantification of epigenetic enzymes, specifically histone deacetylases, in the brain in vivo. Imaging epigenetics is used to exemplify the impact the quantification of novel molecular targets may have, including new treatment approaches for psychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss innovative designs involving functional PET using [18F]FDG (fPET‐FDG), which provides detailed information regarding dynamic changes in glucose metabolism. Concurrent acquisitions of fPET‐FDG and functional MRI provide a time‐resolved approach to studying brain function, yielding simultaneous metabolic and hemodynamic information and thereby opening new avenues for psychiatric research. Collectively, the review underscores the potential of a multimodal PET‐MRI approach to advance our understanding of brain structure and function in health and disease, which could improve clinical care based on objective neurobiological features and treatment response monitoring.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Phytochemical investigation and characterisation of methanolic extract of Glycine max seeds using LCMS/MS and in silico studies for wound healing activity
Authors: Sahu Madhusmita , Kamakshi  , Sahoo Jyotirmaya , Swain Sudhansu Ranjan , Chauhan Manisha , Goyal Riya , Gupta Sakshi , Kaur Komalpreet
Published: June 2024

Soybean is scientifically known as Glycine max. It belongs to the Fabaceae family. It consists of a lot of bioactive phytochemicals like saponin, phenolic acid, flavonoid, sphingolipids and phytosterols. It also owns excellent immune‐active effects in the physiological system. Soy and its phytochemicals have been found to have pharmacological properties that include anticancer, antioxidant, anti‐hypercholesterolaemic, anti‐diabetic, oestrogenic, anti‐hyperlipidaemic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐obesity, anti‐hypertensive, anti‐mutagenic, immunomodulatory, anti‐osteoporotic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, goitrogenic anti‐skin ageing, wound healing, neuroprotective and anti‐photoageing activities. Present study has been designed to set standard pharmacognostical extraction method, complexation of compounds, qualitative evaluation through phytochemical screening, identification by TLC, physicochemical properties, solubility profile, total phenolic, flavonoid content as well as analytical evaluation or characterisation like UV and FT‐IR of methanolic extract of G. max. The final observations like physicochemical properties such as total ash value, LOD and pH were recorded. Phytochemical screenings show the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, carbohydrate, tannins, protein, gums and mucilage, fixed oils and fats. The results were found significant. Further in silico studies proved creatinine and euparin to be potent wound healing agents.
Optimization of process parameters of refractance window drying for aonla slices and comparison with other drying techniques
Authors: Lalita  , Giri Saroj Kumar , Mohapatra Debabandya , Tripathi Manoj Kumar , Kate Adinath , Wahid Aseeya
Published: June 2024

BACKROUND

Aonla is as a good source of antioxidants due to its high ascorbic acid and polyphenol contents. However, because of its high acidity and astringent taste, aonla is rarely consumed in its fresh form. As the constituents in aonla are heat sensitive, it is essential to find a suitable drying method for preservation. Therefore, refractance window drying (RWD) of aonla slices was studied as it has the potential of retaining heat‐sensitive compounds.

Results

The effect of RWD process variables, namely water temperature (75, 82.5, 90 °C) and slice thickness (2, 4, 6 mm), on different quality parameters of dehydrated aonla was studied. Increasing water temperature resulted in significantly higher ascorbic acid content, titratable acidity and product temperature, while total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity and moisture content decreased. With the exception of product temperature, higher slice thickness led to an increase in the values of all the parameters. At the optimized processing conditions of 83 °C water temperature and 4 mm slice thickness, the ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity, titratable acidity and moisture content values were found to be 269.03 mg (100 g)−1, 242.33 mg (100 g)−1, 87.11%, 3.62% and 4% respectively. The aonla slices subjected to RWD also possessed 4–6% higher phytochemical content than osmotically dried and hot‐air‐dried samples.

Conclusion

This research highlights the effectiveness of RWD in preserving heat‐sensitive compounds in food like aonla. The RW‐dried slices had a smoother and more uniform microstructure compared to osmotically dried and hot‐air‐dried samples. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chiral Organic Cations and Distorted Inorganic Polyhedra Composing Metal Halide Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Liu Kunjie , Zhao Jing , Liu Quanlin
Published: June 2024

Organic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) exhibit a rich structural diversity and excellent semiconductor properties, making them attractive candidates in the field of nonlinear optics (NLO). Second harmonic generation, as an important NLO property, imposes strict symmetry constraints, requiring noncentrosymmetric structures. Currently, a key task in the NLO field is to design noncentrosymmetric structures for OIMHs and explore the relationship between structure and NLO performance. This will help further optimize the application of OIMHs in NLO materials. The design of noncentrosymmetric structures for OIMHs can be facilitated by the use of chiral organic cations or distorted inorganic polyhedra, both of which induce structural features that favor noncentrosymmetry. The NLO properties of OIMHs are summarized the relationship between structure and performance is analyzed, and the research directions in the field of NLO for these materials are further elaborated.
Gift giving in the age of AI: The role of social closeness in using AI gift recommendation tools
Authors: Fu Yuxin , Dose David B. , Dimitriu Radu
Published: June 2024

Firms increasingly employ artificial intelligence (AI) gift recommendation tools to assist consumers with their gift choices. Yet, a notable gap exists in understanding consumers’ responses to AI recommendations in a gift giving context. Through five studies, we found that social closeness between the giver and recipient significantly affects the use of AI gift recommendation tools, driven by two underlying mechanisms: expected relational signaling and preference matching. In addition to establishing these effects, this research identifies relevant boundary conditions. Our findings reveal that self‐oriented perfectionism increases preference matching for gifts to distant friends, while revealing the giver's identity boosts AI tool use for close friends by reducing relational signaling expectations. Additionally, AI tools capable of turn‐taking enhance preference matching and AI tool use, especially for gifts to close friends. Our findings advance the understanding of how and why social closeness influences givers’ utilization of AI gift recommendation tools and offer valuable insights for practitioners on designing these tools more effectively, considering the nuances of social relationships.
Nitriles as Functionalization and Coupling Agents for Polyolefins Obtained by Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Desgranges Ariane , Jean‐Baptiste‐dit‐Dominique François , Ngo Robert , D'Agosto Franck , Boisson Christophe
Published: June 2024

Coordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) of ethylene and its copolymerization with 1,3‐butadiene is conducted in toluene at 80 °C using a combination of {(Me2Si(C13H8)2)Nd(μ‐BH4)[(μ‐BH4)Li(THF)]}2 (1) metal complex and various organomagnesium compounds used as chain transfer agents including n‐butyl‐n‐octyl‐magnesium (BOMAG), n‐butyl‐mesityl‐magnesium (n‐BuMgMes), n‐butyl‐magnesium chloride (n‐BuMgCl), n‐pentyl‐magnesium bromide (n‐C5H11MgBr), pentanediyl‐1,5‐di(magnesium bromide) (PDMB) and isobutyl‐magnesium chloride (i‐BuMgCl). Kinetics and performance in terms of control of the (co)polymerization are comparatively discussed particularly considering the presence of ether and the nature of the organomagnesium compounds employed. Taking advantage of the well‐known reactivity between nitrile and molecular organomagnesium compounds, the functionalization of the chains is further carried out by deactivation of the polymerization medium with benzonitrile or methoxybenzonitrile compounds leading to ketone ω‐functionalized chains. The success of the functionalizations is extended to coupling strategies using dinitrile reagents and to the functionalization of high molar mass ethylene butadiene rubber (EBR).
A novel circPIK3C2A/miR‐31‐5p/TFRC axis drives ferroptosis and accelerates myocardial injury
Authors: Miao Shuo , Yang Lanting , Xu Tao , Liu Zhantao , Zhang Yixiao , Ding Lin , Ding Wei , Ao Xiang , Wang Jianxun
Published: June 2024

Iron overload is common in cardiovascular disease, it is also the factor that drives ferroptosis. Noncoding RNAs play an important role in heart disease; however, their regulatory role in iron overload‐mediated ferroptosis remains much unknown. In our study, the iron overload model in mice was constructed through a high‐iron diet, and ammonium iron citrate  treatment was used to mimic iron overload in vitro. We found iron overload induced ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, which was dependent on the high expression of transferrin receptor (TFRC). MiR‐31‐5p was downregulated during iron overload; it inhibited cardiomyocyte ferroptosis by targeting TFRC. CircPIK3C2A, a highly expressed circRNA in the heart, was upregulated when iron was overloaded. CircPIK3C2A enhanced the expression of TFRC by sponging miR‐31‐5p and promoted ferroptosis during iron overload. Our results reveal a novel mechanistic insight into noncoding RNA‐based ferroptosis and identify the circPIK3C2A/miR‐31‐5p/TFRC axis as a promising therapeutic target for myocardial damage.
A computational approach for 2D elliptic singularly perturbed weakly coupled systems of convection–diffusion type with multiple scales and parameters in the diffusion and the convection terms
Authors: Shiromani Ram , Clavero Carmelo , Shanthi Vembu
Published: June 2024

In this work, we consider the efficient resolution of a 2D elliptic singularly perturbed weakly coupled system of convection–diffusion type, which has small parameters at both the diffusion and the convection terms. We assume that the diffusion parameters can be distinct at each equation of the system, and also, they can have different orders of magnitude, but the convection parameter is the same at both equations of the system. Then, in general, overlapping regular or parabolic boundary layers can appear in the exact solution. The continuous problem is approximated by using the standard upwind finite difference scheme, which is constructed on a special piecewise uniform Shishkin mesh. Then, the numerical scheme is an almost first‐order uniformly convergent method with respect to all the perturbation parameters. Some numerical results, obtained with the numerical algorithm for one test problem, are presented, which show the good performance of the proposed numerical method and also corroborate in practice the theoretical results.
HDR brachytherapy afterloader quality assurance optimization using monolithic silicon strip detectors
Authors: Hunt Broady , Cutajar Dean , Petasecca Marco , Rosenfeld Anatoly , Howie Andrew , Bucci Joseph , Poder Joel
Published: June 2024

Background

There currently exists no widespread high dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy afterloader quality assurance (QA) tool for simultaneously assessing the afterloader's positional, temporal, transit velocity and air kerma strength accuracy.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a precise and rigorous technique for performing daily QA of HDR brachytherapy afterloaders, incorporating QA of: dwell position accuracy, dwell time accuracy, transit velocity consistency and relative air kerma strength (AKS) of an Ir‐192 source.

Method

A Sharp ProGuide 240 mm catheter (Elekta Brachytherapy, Veenendaal, The Netherlands) was fixed 5 mm above a 256 channel epitaxial diode array ‘dose magnifying glass’ (DMG256) (Centre for Medical and Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong). Three dwell positions, each of 5.0 s dwell times, were spaced 13.0 mm apart along the array with the Flexitron HDR afterloader (Elekta Brachytherapy, Veenendaal, The Netherlands). The DMG256 was connected to a data acquisition system (DAQ) and a computer via USB2.0 link for live readout and post‐processing. The outputted data files were analyzed using a Python script to provide positional and temporal localization of the Ir‐192 source by tracking the centroid of the detected response. Measurements were repeated on a weekly basis, for a period of 5 weeks to determine the consistency of the measured parameters over an extended period.

Results

Using the DMG256 for relative AKS measurements resulted in measured values within 0.6%–3.0% of the expected activity over a 7‐week period. The sub‐millisecond temporal accuracy of the device allowed for measurements of the transit velocity with an average of (10.88 ± 1.01) cm/s for 13 mm steps. The dwell position localization for 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 mm steps had an accuracy between 0.1 and 0.3 mm (3σ), with a fixed temporal accuracy of 10 ms.

Conclusion

The DMG256 silicon strip detector allows for clinics to perform rigorous daily QA of HDR afterloader dwell position and dwell time accuracy with greater precision than the current standard methodology using closed circuit television and a stopwatch. Additionally, DMG256 unlocks the ability to perform measurements of transit velocity/time and relative AKS, which are not possible using current standard techniques.
Patient perspectives of general practice consultation for musculoskeletal disorders: A qualitative study
Authors: Thomas Rachel , Berry Alice , Cramp Fiona , Walsh Nicola
Published: June 2024

Background

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSKDs) are a significant reason for general practice consultations in the United Kingdom. Current models of care include consultation with a General Practitioner (GP) or a First Contact Physiotherapy Practitioner (FCPP). Evidence suggests that FCPP led care is safe, yet it is unknown whether patients share this belief.

Purpose

To explore patients' perspectives of general practice consultation for MSKDs, including views on safety, satisfaction and recommendations for future practice.

Methods

A secondary data analysis utilising qualitative data from the Patient Reported Experiences and Outcomes of Safety in Primary Care (PREOS‐PC) questionnaire completed by 426 general practice patients who consulted with a MSKD between December 2019 and October 2022. Responses to the question ‘What changes, if any, would you suggest to your GP surgery to make sure that health care is provided safely?’ were analysed using content analysis.

Results

606 responses across three timepoints were analysed. Two themes and six subthemes were identified; views on safety and satisfaction (inherent trust in the system, provision of face‐to‐face appointments, prompt access to care, person‐centred care) and recommendations for future practice (appointment system: prompt access to face‐to‐face appointments, delivery of care: co‐ordinated and collaborative person‐centred care).

Conclusions

Patients commented that FCPP consultations provided quick and accurate diagnoses and targeted advice. Recommendations for future practice included prompt access to face‐to‐face appointments, phone calls to be answered more quickly, improved communication for test results and follow ups, patients to feel listened to with a more individualised approach, and better continuity of care.
Combat‐related peripheral nerve injuries
Authors: Howard Ileana M. , Sedarsky Kaye , Gallagher Michael , Miller Matthew , Puffer Ross C.
Published: June 2024

Active‐duty service members (ADSM) and military Veterans represent a population with increased occupational risk for nerve injuries sustained both during training operations and wartime. Mechanisms of war‐related nerve injuries have evolved over time, from the musket ball‐related traumas described by S.W. Mitchell to complex blast injuries and toxic exposures sustained during Middle East conflicts in the 21st century. Commonly encountered nerve injury etiologies in this population currently include compression, direct trauma, nutritional deficits, traumatic limb amputation, toxic chemical exposures, or blast‐related injuries. Expeditious identification and comprehensive, interdisciplinary treatment of combat‐associated neuropathies, as well as prevention of these injuries whenever possible is critical to reduce chronic morbidity and disability for service members and to maintain a well‐prepared military. However, diagnosis of a combat‐associated nerve injury may be particularly challenging due to comorbid battlefield injuries or delayed presentation of neuropathy from military toxic exposures. Advances in imaging for nerve injury, including MRI and ultrasound, provide useful tools to compliment EMG in establishing a diagnosis of combat‐associated nerve injury, particularly in the setting of anatomic disruption or edema. Surgical techniques can improve pain control or restoration of function. In all cases, comprehensive interdisciplinary rehabilitation provides the best framework for optimization of recovery. Further work is needed to prevent combat‐associated nerve injuries and promote nerve recovery following injury.
Recommendations of the SUFU/AUGS/ICS Female Stress Urinary Incontinence Surgical Publication Working Group: A common standard minimum data set for the literature
Authors: Rovner Eric , Chermansky Christopher , Costantini Elisabetta , Dmochowski Roger , Enemchukwu Ekene , Ginsberg David A. , Heesakkers John , Menefee Shawn , Nadeau Geneviève , Rardin Charles , Zimmern Philippe
Published: June 2024

Introduction and Objectives

Relevant, meaningful, and achievable data points are critical in objectively assessing quality, utility, and outcomes in female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery. A minimum data set female SUI surgery studies was proposed by the first American Urological Association guidelines on the surgical management of female SUI in 1997, but recommendation adherence has been suboptimal. The Female Stress Urinary Incontinence Surgical Publication Working Group (WG) was created from members of several prominent organizations to formulate a recommended standard of study structure, description, and minimum outcome data set to be utilized in designing and publishing future SUI studies. The goal of this WG was to create a body of evidence better able to assess the outcomes of female SUI surgery.

Methods

The WG reviewed the minimum data set proposed in the 1997 AUA SUI Guideline document, and other relevant literature. The body of literature was examined in the context of the profound changes in the field over the past 25 years. Through a DELPHI process, a standard study structure and minimum data set were generated. Care was taken to balance the value of several meaningful and relevant data points against the burden of creating an excessively difficult or restrictive standard that would disincentivize widespread adoption and negatively impact manuscript production and acceptance.

Results

The WG outlined standardization in four major areas: (1) study design, (2) pretreatment demographics and characterization of the study population, (3) intraoperative events, and (4) posttreatment evaluation, and complications. Forty‐two items were evaluated and graded as: STANDARD—must be included; ADDITIONAL—may be included for a specific study and is inclusive of the Standard items; OPTIMAL—may be included for a comprehensive study and is inclusive of the Standard and Additional items; UNNECESSARY/LEGACY—not relevant.

Conclusions

A reasonable, achievable, and clinically meaningful minimum data set has been constructed. A structured framework will allow future surgical interventions for female SUI to be objectively scrutinized and compared in a clinically significant manner. Ultimately, such a data set, if adopted by the academic community, will enhance the quality of the scientific literature, and ultimately improve short and long‐term outcomes for female patients undergoing surgery to correct SUI.
Risk factor evaluation of cuff pressure of >30 cmH2O to stop air leakage during mechanical ventilation: A prospective observational study
Authors: Wu Hong‐Lei , Wu Yue‐Hong , Shen Wang‐Qin , Shi Jia‐Hai , Zhu Yan‐Ping , Xu Yang‐Hui , Shen Hong‐Wu , Ding Lei
Published: June 2024

Aim

The commonly recommended endotracheal tube cuff pressure is 20–30 cmH2O. However, some patients require a cuff pressure of >30 cmH2O to prevent air leakage. The study aims to determine the risk factors that contribute to the endotracheal tube cuff pressure of >30 cmH2O to prevent air leakage.

Design

A multi‐centre prospective observational study.

Methods

Eligible patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit of three hospitals between March 2020 and July 2022 were included. The endotracheal tube cuff pressure to prevent air leakage was determined using the minimal occlusive volume technique. The patient demographics and clinical information were collected.

Results

A total of 284 patients were included. Among these patients, 55 (19.37%) patients required a cuff pressure of >30 cmH2O to prevent air leakage. The multivariate logistic regression results revealed that the surgical operation (odds ratio [OR]: 8.485, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.066–67.525, p = 0.043) was inversely associated with the endotracheal tube cuff pressure of >30 cmH2O, while the oral intubation route (OR: 0.127, 95% CI: 0.022–0.750, p = 0.023) and cuff inner diameter minus tracheal area (OR: 0.949, 95% CI: 0.933–0.966, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with the endotracheal tube cuff pressure of >30 cmH2O. Therefore, a significant number of patients require an endotracheal tube cuff pressure of ＞30 cmH2O to prevent air leakage. Several factors, including the surgical operation, intubation route, and difference between the cuff inner diameter and tracheal area at the T3 vertebra, should be considered when determining the appropriate cuff pressure during mechanical ventilation.
A psychometric analysis of the Japanese version of the clinically useful depression outcome scale supplemented with questions for the DSM‐5 anxious distress specifier (CUDOS‐A)
Authors: Aoki Yumi , Takaesu Yoshikazu , Matsumoto Yasuyuki , Sakurai Hitoshi , Tsuboi Takashi , Okajima Isa , Tachimori Hisateru , Komada Yoko , Watanabe Koichiro , Zimmerman Mark
Published: June 2024

Aim

The aim of the study was to identify the clinical significance of anxiety in those with depression, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM‐5) defined criteria for an anxious distress specifier for major depressive disorder (MDD). The Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS) supplemented with questions for the DSM‐5 anxious distress specifier (CUDOS‐A) is a self‐report instrument to assess the clinical significance of anxiety in addition to assess symptoms and the severity of depression. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the CUDOS‐A.

Methods

An observational, prospective study was conducted with 131 MDD outpatients and 200 healthy controls. The Japanese version of the CUDOS‐A, along with other measures, was administered to assess depressive symptoms, anxiety, social function, and biological rhythm. Reliability and validity analyses were performed, including internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and contrasted‐groups validity.

Results

The Japanese version of the CUDOS‐A demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.78). Significant positive correlations were found between the CUDOS‐A and measures of depression, anxiety, social function, and biological rhythm (all, p < 0.001), supporting its convergent validity. The CUDOS‐A effectively differentiated between patients with MDD and healthy controls (p < 0.001), indicating good contrasted‐groups validity.

Conclusions

The Japanese version of the CUDOS‐A is a useful measure for research and for clinical practice, enabling the efficient assessment of anxious distress in individuals with depression.
Stretchable, stabilized‐conductive XNBR/PEDOT:PSS composites based on bottom‐deposited structure
Authors: Gu Tianle , Liu Wei , Wang Xinghuo , Chen Xiaoqing , Cao Ziwu , Chen Yukun
Published: June 2024

Conductive composites have attracted much attention due to its high conductivity, stretchability, and sensitivity. However, designing conductive composites with relatively stable conductivity under 100% deformation using simple methods remains a challenge. In this work, we employ a simple and straightforward approach to prepare a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) solution. Based on the conductivity‐optimized PEDOT:PSS (5.95 S/cm), it was combined with carboxylated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber latex (XNBRL) to make a flexible conductive material with a unique bottom‐deposited structure. The incorporation of PEDOT:PSS establishes an interconnected conductive network within the XNBR, enhancing both the tensile strength (from 0.31 to 1.24 MPa) and conductivity of the composites. Remarkably, even at 100% strain, the resistance change (ΔR/R0) in the composite remains minimal (<2), demonstrating its exceptional flexibility and high electrical conductivity while maintaining relatively stable resistance during cyclic stretching at 50% deformation. Moreover, the conductive composite can maintain good relative resistance stability under different tensile rates and different strains. This conductive XNBR/PEDOT:PSS composite has promising application prospects in medical devices, which require relatively stable and high conductivity over a relatively large deformation.

Highlights

A simple method to increase the electrical conductivity of aqueous PEDOT:PSS.

Flexible conductive composite with a small change in ΔR/R0.

Enables rigid PEDOT to be used in stretchable electronic devices.

Construction of 3D conductive network and bottom deposition structure.
The efficacy of wound catheter infusion with local anesthetics for the treatment of postoperative pain in children: A systematic review
Authors: Swenker Dominique J. , Dirckx Maaike , Staals Lonneke M.
Published: June 2024

Wound catheter infusion (WCI) with local anesthetics (LA) is a regional anesthesia technique, which has shown to produce effective postoperative analgesia in adults, without any adverse effects on wound healing. To investigate the efficacy and safety of WCI with LA for the treatment of postoperative pain in children, we conducted a systematic review of literature published until 2020. The literature search included articles concerning subcutaneous WCI with LA, in the surgical wound, as treatment of postoperative pain, in children <18 years of age. Exclusion criteria were studies describing peripheral nerve blocks, intercostal, abdominal or thoracic wall blocks and single local anesthetic infiltration of the surgical wound. The articles were appraised for quality and only randomized controlled trials with a Jadad score ≥3 were included for evaluation of results concerning postoperative pain scores and opioid use. All relevant original studies, including observational studies and case reports, were assessed for adverse events and measurements of LA plasma concentrations during WCI. A total of 1907 articles were found, leading to 92 relevant abstracts selected for further review. After exclusion of articles of which full texts could not be retrieved or because of exclusion criteria, 28 articles remained. Thirteen articles described randomized controlled trials, of which 10 were assessed as good or excellent in quality. Due to the small number and heterogeneity of the studies, the data could not be pooled. Instead, results were described per type of procedure: abdominal surgery, extremity surgery, thoracic surgery and iliac crest bone harvesting. Reduced pain scores and opioid needs were demonstrated after abdominal and extremity surgery. In five studies, plasma levels of LA were measured, which all remained below toxic thresholds. In all relevant studies, no serious adverse events concerning the use of WCI were reported.
MD simulations of diffusion of cyanobiphenyl molecules adsorbed on the graphene surface coated with alkane and alcohol molecules
Authors: Düven Hatice E. , Capar Mine Ilk , Zakharov Alex V.
Published: June 2024

Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the structural and diffusion properties of a cyanobiphenyl monolayer composed of pentyl cyano biphenyl (5CB) and pentyloxy cyano biphenyl (5OCB) molecules on a graphene surface coated with alkane and alcohol molecules. To investigate the diffusion properties of 5CB and 5OCB molecules on the graphene surface, the molecules of pentane (
) and dodecane (
) from alkanes and dodecanol (
) from alcohols with a polar hydroxyl (
) terminal functional group were chosen as orienting surfactant molecules. It was found that the diffusion ability of cyanobiphenyl molecules in a graphene substrate coated with alkane and alcohol molecules depends on the chain length of these molecules and on the presence of polar hydroxyl –OH terminal groups. With an increase in the length of alkane molecules from
to
, the value of the diffusion coefficient
(or
), it decreases slightly, while the presence of the polar hydroxyl
terminal group leads to a significant decrease in this diffusion coefficient of cyanobiphenyl molecules.
Health‐related quality scores in childhood interstitial lung disease: Good agreement between patient and caregiver reports
Authors: Griese Matthias , Schwerk Nicolaus , Carlens Julia , Wetzke Martin , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Kiper Nural , Marczak Honorata , Lange Joanna , Krenke Katarzyna , Ullmann Nicola , Krikovszky Dora , Hämmerling Susanne , Köster Holger ,   The chILD EU Collaborators, Seidl Elias
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) is a heterogeneous group of mostly chronic respiratory disorders. Assessment of health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) in chILD has become increasingly important in clinical care and research. The aim of this study was to assess differences between patient‐reported (self) and caregiver‐reported (proxy) HrQoL scores.

Methods

This study used data obtained from the chILD‐EU Register. After inclusion (baseline), the patient's health status was followed up at predefined study visits. At each study visit, caregivers and patients were handed validated, age‐specific HrQoL questionnaires. HrQoL data entered at baseline were used to compare self‐ and proxy‐reported HrQoL scores. For the longitudinal analysis, we compared HrQoL scores between the baseline and the next follow‐up visit.

Results

No differences between patient‐ and caregiver‐reported HrQoL scores were found for school functioning, chILD‐specific questionnaire score, and physical health summary score. Self‐reported HrQoL scores were higher for the subscales emotional functioning (77.4 vs. 70.7; p < .001), social functioning (81.9 vs. 76.2; p < .001), as well as psycho‐social summary score (76.5 vs. 71.8; p < .001) and total score (74.7 vs. 70.8; <.001). The longitudinal analysis showed that a significant change in a patient‐reported HrQoL score resulted in a significant change in a caregiver‐reported HrQoL score after a mean time of 11.0 months (SD 9.4).

Conclusions

We found a good agreement between children‐ and caregiver‐related HrQoL scores. In chILD, caregivers are able to sense changes in children's HrQoL scores over time and may be used as a proxy for children unable to complete HrQoL questionnaires.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Wang Meizi , Li Guangyao , Zhou Lin , Hao Youwu , Wang Longfei , Mao Xuewei , Zhang Guoyan , Zhao Chenxiang
Published: June 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article Design, synthesis and bioactivity of a new class of antifungal amino acid‐directed phthalide compounds by Meizi Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8028.

image
Flexible Quantum Network Coding by Using Quantum Multiplexing
Authors: Yang Yu‐Guang , Liu Bing‐Xin , Xu Guang‐Bao , Jiang Dong‐Huan , Zhou Yi‐Hua , Shi Wei‐Min , Shang Tao
Published: June 2024

Quantum network coding (QNC) aims at alleviating quantum communication congestion in quantum networks. Although several QNC protocols have been presented, they cannot meet the practical requirements that part of source nodes intend to transmit their quantum states with same or different qubit numbers via the bottleneck network simultaneously. Here, the study presents a flexible QNC protocol by using quantum multiplexing. First, the entangled pairs are generated between adjacent nodes in a heralded way by using quantum multiplexing. Then the quantum memories of the source nodes and the ones of the corresponding target nodes are entangled when the intermediate nodes execute multiple rounds of entanglement swapping operations on their quantum memories. Finally, the quantum states are transmitted from the source nodes to their corresponding target nodes by means of quantum teleportation. Compared with the existing protocols, the protocol allows an arbitrary part of the source nodes to transmit their quantum states with same or different qubit numbers via the bottleneck network simultaneously, thereby exhibiting its flexibility.
Inventor CEO involvement and firm exploitative and exploratory innovation
Authors: Harrison Joseph S. , Boivie Steven , Stern Ithai , Porac Joseph
Published: June 2024

Research Summary

This study extends recent findings that inventor CEOs increase innovative output in large established firms by examining how their involvement in the innovative process influences the nature of innovations produced. Our theory suggests that inventor CEOs who take a hands‐on approach to innovation lead their firms to engage in more exploitative rather than exploratory innovation. We further posit that this effect is particularly strong for insider inventor CEOs, and especially founders, but weaker for outsiders and when the firm's board has broader industry experience. Using a sample of S&P 1500 firms from 1994 to 2010 and inventor CEOs' engagement in patenting as an indicator of hands‐on involvement, we find considerable support for our predictions.

Managerial Summary

CEOs with hands‐on experience innovating can substantially increase innovative output in large established firms. Yet, we show that inventors who remain directly engaged in their firms' innovation activities as CEO can limit their scope to incremental innovations that exploit existing technologies as opposed to more radical innovations that result in novel product or service offerings. These tendencies are stronger for inventors who come to the CEO position from inside the firm, especially founders, but weaker when the firm's board has broader industry experience. Overall, our study reveals an important tradeoff for large firms of having an inventor as CEO, how hands‐on involvement by inventor CEOs may narrow their firms' innovative trajectories, and how or when these tendencies can be mitigated.
Self‐Powered Electrochemical CO2 Conversion Enabled by a Multifunctional Carbon‐Based Electrocatalyst and a Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Han Jingrui , Shi Lei , Xie Huamei , Song Ruilin , Wang Dan , Liu Dong
Published: June 2024

Multifunctional electrocatalysts are required for diverse clean energy‐related technologies (e.g., electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and metal–air batteries). Herein, a nitrogen and fluorine co‐doped carbon nanotube (NFCNT) is reported to simultaneously achieve multifunctional catalytic activities for CO2RR, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Theoretical calculations reveal that the superior multifunctional catalytic activities of NFCNT are attributed to the synergistic effect of nitrogen and fluorine co‐doping to induce charge redistribution and decrease the energy barrier of rate‐determining step for different electrocatalytic reactions. Furthermore, the rechargeable Zn–air battery (ZAB) with NFCNT electrode delivers a high peak power density of 230 mW cm−2 and superior durability over 100 cycles, outperforming the ZAB with Pt/C+RuO2 based electrodes. More importantly, a self‐driven CO2 electrolysis unit powered by the as‐assembled ZABs is developed, which achieves 80% CO Faraday efficiency and 60% total energy efficiency. This work provides a new insight into the exploration of highly efficient multifunctional carbon‐based electrocatalysts for novel energy‐related applications.
Vanadium‐Doped Heterogeneous Bimetallic Phosphides Derived from Layered Double Hydroxides for Saline Water Splitting
Authors: Li Yixuan , Jiang Jiahui , Wu Qihao , Feng Yuying , Chen Zhongxu , Xu Guancheng , Zhang Li
Published: June 2024

The development of energy‐ and time‐saving synthetic methods to prepare bifunctional and high stability catalysts are vital for overall water splitting. Here, V‐doped nickel‐iron hydroxide precursor by etching NiFe foam (NFF) at room temperature with dual chloride solution (“NaCl‐VCl3”), is obtained then phosphating to obtain V‐Ni2P‐FeP/NFF as efficient bifunctional (oxygen/hydrogen exchange reaction, OER/HER) electrocatalysts, denoted as NFF(V, Na)‐P. The NFF(V, Na)‐P requires only 185 and 117 mV overpotentials to reach 10 mA cm−2 for OER and HER. When used as a catalyst for water splitting in a full cell, it can be stably sustained for more than 1000 h in alkaline brine electrolysis at both current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm−2. In situ Raman analyses and density functional theory (DFT) show that the V‐doping‐induced surface remodeling generates hydroxyl oxides as the true catalytic active centers, which not only enhances the reaction kinetics, but also reduces the free energy change in the rate‐determining step. This work provides a cost‐effective substrate self‐derivation method to convert commercial NFF into a powerful catalyst for electrolytic brine, offering a unique route to the development of efficient electrocatalysts for saline water splitting.
Non‐Aqueous Polyhedral Liquid Marbles Stabilized with Polymer Plates Having Surface Roughness
Authors: Iwata Yamato , Yoshida Tatsuro , Hirai Tomoyasu , Nakamura Yoshinobu , Fujii Syuji
Published: June 2024

Hydrophobic polymer plates with smooth and rough surfaces are used as a stabilizer for cubic liquid marbles (LMs) to study the effect of surface roughness on their formation. The smooth and rough polymer plates can stabilize LMs using liquids with surface tensions of 72.8–26.6 and 72.8–22.9 mN m−1, respectively. It is clarified that the higher the surface roughness, the lower the surface tension of the liquids are stabilized to form the LMs. These results indicated that the introduction of surface roughness improves the hydrophobicity of the polymer plates and the rough polymer plates can stabilize LMs using liquids with a wider surface tension range. Electron microscopy studies and numerical analyses confirmed that the LMs can be formed, when the Cassie‐Baxter wetting state, where θY>90° (θY: the contact angle on smooth surfaces) and θR>90° (θR: the contact angle on rough surfaces), and the metastable Cassie‐Baxter wetting state, where θY<90° and θR>90°, are realized. Finally, the synthesis of cubic polymer particles are succeeded by free radical polymerization of the cubic LMs containing a hydrophobic vinyl monomer (dodecyl acrylate) in a solvent‐free manner.
Pt─O Bond Accelerated Cu0/Cu+ Activity for Boosting Low‐Energy Bipolar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhang Lu , Kong Ling‐Yi , Zhang Xin , Zhou Xiao‐Cheng , Feng Jiu‐Ju , Wang Ai‐Jun
Published: June 2024

To address the imperative challenge of producing hydrogen in a low‐energy consumption electrocatalytic system, this study emphasizes the utilization of thermodynamically favorable biomass oxidation for achieving energy‐efficient hydrogen generation. This research integrates ultralow PtO2‐loaded flower‐like nanosheets (denoted as PtO2@Cu2O/Cu FNs) with Cu0/Cu+ pairs and Pt─O bonds, thereby yielding substantial enhancement in both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, −0.042 VRHE at 10 mA cm−2) and furfural oxidation reaction (FFOR, 0.09 VRHE at 10 mA cm−2). As validated by DFT calculations, the dual built‐in electric field (BIEF) is elucidated as the driving force behind the enhanced activities, in which Pt─O bonds expedite the HER, while Cu+/Cu0 promotes low‐potential FFOR. By coupling the FFOR and HER together, the resulting bipolar‐hydrogen production system requires a low power input (0.5072 kWh per m3) for producing H2. The system can generate bipolar hydrogen and high value‐added furoic acid, significantly enhancing hydrogen production efficiency and concurrently mitigating energy consumption.
A “Zn2+ in Salt” Interphase Enabling High‐Performance Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Bai Mengxi , Chen Jingtao , Li Qiufen , Wang Xiang , Li Jiashuai , Lin Xiaoyan , Shao Siyuan , Li Dongze , Wang Ziqi
Published: June 2024

Zinc metal is a promising anode candidate for aqueous zinc ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, low cost, and high safety. However, its application is currently restricted by hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), by‐product formation, and Zn dendrite growth. Herein, a “Zn2+ in salt” (ZIS) interphase is in situ constructed on the surface of the anode (ZIS@Zn). Unlike the conventional “Zn2+ in water” working environment of Zn anodes, the intrinsic hydrophobicity of the ZIS interphase isolates the anode from direct contact with the aqueous electrolyte, thereby protecting it from HER, and the accompanying side reactions. More importantly, it works as an ordered water‐free ion‐conducting medium, which guides uniform Zn deposition and facilitates rapid Zn2+ migration at the interface. As a result, the symmetric cells assembled with ZIS@Zn exhibit dendrite‐free plating/striping at 4500 h and a high critical current of 14 mA cm−2. When matched with a vanadium‐based (NVO) cathode, the full battery exhibits excellent long‐term cycling stability, with 88% capacity retention after 1600 cycles. This work provides an effective strategy to promote the stability and reversibility of Zn anodes in aqueous electrolytes.
Ligand‐Triggered MXene Quantum Dots with Tunable Work Function as Anode and Cathode Interlayers for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Tao , Liu Guoqiang , Yao Guoying , Ma Xiaohui , He Zhicai , Cao Yong
Published: June 2024

The interfacial layers of organic optoelectronic devices generally suffer from the problems of difficulty in regulating the work function (WF) and low mobility, which are prone to mismatch of interfacial energy levels and loss of carrier transport energy. Herein, O‐terminated and NH2‐terminated Ti3C2Tx MXenes quantum dots (MQDs) are synthesized to develop efficient O‐MQD hole transfer layer (HTL) and E‐MQD electron transfer layer (ETL) for organic optoelectronic devices of organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic photodetectors (OPDs). It is found that the strong electronic coupling interaction between the surface terminations and matrices enables O‐MQD and E‐MQD with tunable WF and satisfactory conductivity. Consequently, in a binary D18:L8‐BO system, the power conversion efficiencies of the OSC device based on O‐MQD HTL and E‐MQD ETL are 18.62% and 18.15%, respectively. Moreover, the OPDs with O‐MQD HTL and E‐MQD ETL exhibit higher shot‐noise‐limited detectivity (Dshot*) of 1.24 × 1013 and 1.10 × 1013 Jones, respectively, compared to the devices using classic interlayers. These findings provide some insights into the design of advanced dual‐function interlayers for organic optoelectronic devices.
Prediction and Rational Design of Stacking Fault Energy of Austenitic Alloys Based on Interpretable Machine Learning and Chemical Composition
Authors: Liu Chengcheng , Su Hang
Published: June 2024

Accurately predicting the stacking fault energy (SFE), as one of the crucial factors influencing the material deformation mechanism, is a focal point in research. This study utilizes measured SFE values from the literature on austenitic alloys to establish a predictive model for the relationship between chemical composition and SFE using machine learning techniques. Among five compared machine learning algorithms, the extremely randomized trees algorithm demonstrates the highest prediction accuracy. Incorporating atomic features further enhances the model's performance. Subsequently, feature selection is conducted using correlation analysis, recursive elimination, and exhaustive search to obtain the optimal subset of features. The interpretability of the model is analyzed using Shapley additive explanations values, providing rankings of feature importance and critical thresholds for feature influence. Finally, rational design of SFE is demonstrated by adjusting alloy composition, exemplified by Fe–17.5Cr–15.6Ni–2.5Mo–0.02Si–0Co steel.
Development of a Novel Pressure Vessel System for the Simulation of Starch Expansion – Methylated and Regular Waxy Corn Starch Behave Significantly Different With and Without Cellulose Inclusion
Authors: Richter Jana K. , Saunders Steven R. , Ikuse Marina , Finnie Sean M. , Ganjyal Girish M.
Published: June 2024

Fortification of direct‐expanded products with insoluble fiber generally leads to decreased expansion. Understanding the interactions between starches and fibers can help to include more fiber into puffed products. A pressure vessel setup is developed to allow for a small‐scale expansion process. Because trends for the expansion ability during the simulated process are similar to those during extrusion, the setup has been proven to be suitable for understanding the occurrences during extrusion. Elimination of hydroxyl groups through starch methylation can help to understand the role of hydrogen bonding during expansion. Nonmethylated and methylated starch are tested for their expansion at cellulose levels of 0%, 5%, and 20% on a weight basis. The specific volume of the obtained samples is used to determine the degree of expansion. The nonmethylated starch sample exhibits a specific volume of 16.3 ± 1.8 cm3 g−1, which is almost three times higher than the one of the methylated sample (≈6.0 cm3 g−1). Possible reasons for this decrease are the elimination of hydroxyl groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds or the significantly higher viscosity of the methylated starch. While fortification with 5% cellulose does not affect the expansion, 20% cellulose greatly reduces the specific volume for both starches.