bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FGF2 Antiproliferative Stimulation Induces Proteomic Dynamic Changes and High Expression of FOSB and JUNB in K‐Ras‐Driven Mouse Tumor Cells
Authors: Vitorino Francisca Nathalia de Luna , Montoni Fabio , Moreno Jaqueline Neves , de Souza Bruno Ferreira , Lopes Mariana de Camargo , Cordeiro Barbara , Fonseca Cecilia Sella , Gilmore Joshua M. , Sardiu Mihaela I. , Reis Marcelo Silva , Florens Laurence A. , Washburn Michael P. , Armelin Hugo Aguirre , da Cunha Julia Pinheiro Chagas
Published: July 2018

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a well‐known cell proliferation promoter; however, it can also induce cell cycle arrest. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of this antiproliferative effect, for the first time, the early systemic proteomic differences induced by this growth factor in a K‐Ras‐driven mouse tumor cell line using a quantitative proteomics approach are investigated. More than 2900 proteins are quantified, indicating that terms associated with metabolism, RNA processing, replication, and transcription are enriched among proteins differentially expressed upon FGF2 stimulation. Proteomic trend dynamics indicate that, for proteins mainly associated with DNA replication and carbohydrate metabolism, an FGF2 stimulus delays their abundance changes, whereas FGF2 stimulation accelerates other metabolic programs. Transcription regulatory network analysis indicates master regulators of FGF2 stimulation, including two critical transcription factors, FOSB and JUNB. Their expression dynamics, both in the Y1 cell line (a murine model of adenocarcinoma cells) and in two other human cell lines (SK‐N‐MC and UM‐UC‐3) also susceptible to FGF2 antiproliferative effects, are investigated. Both protein expression levels depend on fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and src signaling. JUNB and FOSB knockdown do not rescue cells from the growth arrest induced by FGF2; however, FOSB knockdown rescue cells from DNA replication delay, indicating that FOSB expression underlies one of the FGF2 antiproliferative effects, namely, S‐phase progression delay.
Assessment and Refinement of Sample Preparation Methods for Deep and Quantitative Plant Proteome Profiling
Authors: Song Gaoyuan , Hsu Polly Yingshan , Walley Justin W.
Published: July 2018

A major challenge in the field of proteomics is obtaining high‐quality peptides for comprehensive proteome profiling by LC–MS. Here, evaluation and modification of a range of sample preparation methods using photosynthetically active Arabidopsis leaf tissue are done. It was found that inclusion of filter‐aided sample preparation (FASP) based on filter digestion improves all protein extraction methods tested. Ultimately, a detergent‐free urea‐FASP approach that enables deep and robust quantification of leaf and root proteomes is shown. For example, from 4‐day‐old leaf tissue, up to 11 690 proteins were profiled from a single sample replicate. This method should be broadly applicable to researchers working with difficult to process plant samples.
Influence of Fe/C codoped on structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 powders by sol‐gel method
Authors: Gu Peng , Yang DingYu , Zhu XingHua
Published: July 2018

In this paper, Fe/C codoped TiO2 powders are successfully synthesized by the sol‐gel method. The crystalline size and interplanar spacing of doped TiO2 were smaller than undoped TiO2 powders. The narrow bandgap of TiO2 powders were observed by doping and the light absorption edge shift to longer wavelength, especially for Fe/C codoped TiO2 powders, and extended to 460 nm. Photoluminescence spectra showed similar luminescence band shape except for relative intensity under the excited source of 320 nm and Fe/C codoped TiO2 powders exhibited the weakest luminous intensity. Compared with undoped powders, doped TiO2 could significantly improve the photocatalytic degradation in methyl orange aqueous solution, and Fe/C codoped TiO2 powders exhibited optimal performance among other photocatalyst under ultraviolet light irradiation and also showed better stability in the air environment.
Combined Immunohistochemistry after Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Superior Spatial Information
Authors: Kriegsmann Katharina , Longuespée Rémi , Hundemer Michael , Zgorzelski Christiane , Casadonte Rita , Schwamborn Kristina , Weichert Wilko , Schirmacher Peter , Harms Alexander , Kazdal Daniel , Leichsenring Jonas , Stenzinger Albrecht , Warth Arne , Fresnais Margaux , Kriegsmann Jörg , Kriegsmann Mark
Published: July 2018

Objective

Tissue slides analyzed by MS imaging (MSI) are stained by H&E (Haematoxylin and Eosin) to identify regions of interest. As it can be difficult to identify specific cells of interest by H&E alone, data analysis may be impaired. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can highlight cells of interest but single or combined IHC on tissue sections analyzed by MSI have not been performed.

Methods

We performed MSI on bone marrow biopsies from patients with multiple myeloma and stained different antibodies (CD38, CD138, MUM1, kappa‐ and lambda). A combination of CK5/6/TTF1 and Napsin‐A/p40 is stained after MSI on adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Staining intensities of p40 after MSI and on a serial section are quantified on a tissue microarray (n = 44) by digital analysis.

Results

Digital evaluation reveals weaker staining intensities after MSI as compared to serial sections. Staining quality and quantity after MSI enables to identify cells of interest. On the tissue microarray, one out of 44 tissue specimens shows no staining of p40 after MSI, but weak nuclear staining on a serial section.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that single and double IHC staining is feasible on tissue sections previously analyzed by MSI, with decreased staining intensities.
Proteomic Study on the New Potential Mechanism and Biomarkers of Diabetes
Authors: Wang Niannian , Zhang Shu , Zhu Feifei , Yang Yanhua , Chen Liang , Lü Peng , Yu Li , Chen Keping
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. So far, the pathogenesis of diabetes has not been fully elucidated. Identifying new potential molecule mechanisms and biomarkers in this process could contribute to the understanding of pathophysiology.

Experimental design

Proteomic changes in the liver of type 2 diabetic mice (n = 6) and normal mice (n = 6) are studied. Triplicate experiments are carried out for each sample.

Results

A total of 15 differentially expressed proteins (DEPS) are identified and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicates that DEPS mainly involved two inflammatory pathways: glutathione metabolic pathway and the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. The core of protein–protein interaction is the tumor necrosis factor inflammatory pathway, indicating the connection between inflammation and diabetes. Ten out of fifteen gene transcript levels are consistent with proteomics by quantitative RT‐PCR validation. The transcriptional levels of OAT (ornithine aminotransferase) and fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase1 (FBP1) were significantly increased, whereas fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) and ef‐2 transcription levels decreased significantly. In addition, western blotting results showed that the expression of OAT and FBP protein increased significantly in the diabetes group, while elongation factor 2 decreased significantly and FABP do not have significant difference in the diabetes group.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Taken together, the present exploratory liver proteomic analysis might be seen as an important starting point for studies targeting specific liver proteins aimed at the implementation of new biomarkers for the early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus‐related potential mechanisms, hoping to provide biomarkers and clinical therapeutic targets of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Preliminary reliability and validity of the shoulder functional reach score
Authors: Riley Sean P. , Tafuto Vincent , Cote Mark , Brismée Jean‐Michel , Wright Alexis , Cook Chad
Published: July 2018

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine (a) if the newly developed shoulder functional reach score (SFRS) is reliable; (b) if the SFRS demonstrates construct validity by being able to differentiate between patients' symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders; (c) if the SFRS is able to detect changes over time; and (d) if the potential changes in the SFRS demonstrated criterion validity at three different time intervals by being associated the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).

Methods

Patients were consecutively screened for consultation related to complaints of shoulder pain. Thirty‐eight subjects agreed to participate and signed informed consent. Twenty‐nine subjects fulfilled the study after the 4 weeks of follow‐up. Outcome measures were collected at the initial evaluation and at the first follow‐up visit prior to the initiation of treatment. Data were then collected after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment.

Results

There were statistically significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders on the SFRS. Intratester reliability of the SFRS was intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) = 0.94. Intertester reliability of the SFRS was ICC2,1 = 0.92. Statistically significant differences were observed between the initial evaluation, 2 and 4 weeks for the SFRS, SPADI, and NPRS. Moderate (rs = 0.62) to strong (rs = 0.87) positive correlations were observed between the NPRS and SPADI. Moderate negative (rs = −0.50–0.51) correlations were found between the SFRS and the SPADI. Moderate negative (rs = −0.36–0.54) statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlations were found between the SFRS and the NPRS.

Conclusion

In this small sample, the SFRS was an objective, reliable, and valid tool for assessing shoulder active range of motion in a clinical setting.
Disorder guides domain rearrangement in elongation factor Tu
Authors: Yang Huan , Perrier Jonathan , Whitford Paul C.
Published: July 2018

Elongation factor Tu (EF‐Tu) is a three‐domain protein that is responsible for delivering aminoacyl‐tRNA (aa‐tRNA) molecules to the ribosome. During the delivery process, EF‐Tu undergoes a large‐scale (~50Å) conformational transition that results in rearrangement of domain I, relative to the II/III superdomain. Despite the central role of EF‐Tu during protein synthesis, little is known about the structural and energetic properties of this reordering process. To study the physical‐chemical properties of domain motion, we constructed a multi‐basin structure‐based (i.e., Gō‐like) model, with which we have simulated hundreds of spontaneous conformational rearrangements. By analyzing the statistical properties of these events, we show that EF‐Tu is likely to adopt a disordered intermediate ensemble during this transition. We further show that this disordered intermediate will favor a specific sequence of conformational substeps when bound to the ribosome, and the disordered ensemble can influence the kinetics of the incoming aa‐tRNA molecule. Overall, this study highlights the dynamic nature of EF‐Tu by revealing a relationship between conformational disorder and biological function.
Two‐Dimensional Phosphorus Carbide Polymorphs: Influence of Structural Motifs on the Band Gap
Authors: Heller Eric R. , Joswig Jan‐Ole , Lorenz Tommy , Seifert Gotthard
Published: July 2018

In this article, the authors use density functional theory calculations to suggest stable polymorphs of two‐dimensional phosphorus carbide monolayers with 1:1 stoichiometry (PC), which have been discussed as semiconductor compounds with high carrier mobility for electronic circuitry. For that purpose, they verify their stability by molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the authors link the structural motifs to the electronic properties and therefore can explain the reason that leads to the occurrence of a Dirac cone or band gap, respectively.
Aromaticity of some carbenes and their heavier analogs in light of gauge‐including magnetically induced current approach as a new magnetic criterium
Authors: Aysin Rinat R. , Leites Larissa A. , Bukalov Sergey S.
Published: July 2018

The computational method of gauge‐including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) was used at B3LYP/Def2‐TZVP level to test aromaticity of a series of carbenes and their heavier analogs. These were unsaturated N‐heterocyclic Arduengo‐type compounds 1 and their benzannulated analogs 2, as well as silylene and germylene 3. The magnitudes of induced current (IC) for various bonds were calculated and the isosurfaces of signed modulus of IC density were presented visually. The results obtained have demonstrated applicability of the GIMIC method to the 14th group carbene analogs studied as they confirm aromaticity of type 1 and 2 molecules and π‐conjugated but not aromatic nature of molecules 3 that was established previously using other aromaticity criteria. A nontrivial conclusion that germylenes of types 1 and 2 are more aromatic than silylenes is reinforced.
A practical Bayesian adaptive design incorporating data from historical controls
Authors: Psioda Matthew A. , Soukup Mat , Ibrahim Joseph G.
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we develop the fixed‐borrowing adaptive design, a Bayesian adaptive design which facilitates information borrowing from a historical trial using subject‐level control data while assuring a reasonable upper bound on the maximum type I error rate and lower bound on the minimum power. First, one constructs an informative power prior from the historical data to be used for design and analysis of the new trial. At an interim analysis opportunity, one evaluates the degree of prior‐data conflict. If there is too much conflict between the new trial data and the historical control data, the prior information is discarded and the study proceeds to the final analysis opportunity at which time a noninformative prior is used for analysis. Otherwise, the trial is stopped early and the informative power prior is used for analysis. Simulation studies are used to calibrate the early stopping rule. The proposed design methodology seamlessly accommodates covariates in the statistical model, which the authors argue is necessary to justify borrowing information from historical controls. Implementation of the proposed methodology is straightforward for many common data models, including linear regression models, generalized linear regression models, and proportional hazards models. We demonstrate the methodology to design a cardiovascular outcomes trial for a hypothetical new therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and borrow information from the SAVOR trial, one of the earliest cardiovascular outcomes trials designed to assess cardiovascular risk in antidiabetic therapies.
Prediction of Influences of Co, Ni, and W Elements on Carbide Precipitation Behavior in Fe–C–V–Cr–Mo Based High Speed Steels
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Nakajima Keiji , Su Mengmeng , Shibata Hiroyuki , Hedström Peter , Wang Weixian , Lei Hong , Wang Qiang , Jönsson Pär Göran , He Jicheng
Published: July 2018

The effects of Co, Ni together with W addition on the precipitation sequence, amount, and composition of carbides and FCC matrix in Fe–C–V–Cr–Mo based alloys are investigated with the help of Partial Equilibrium (PE) approximation and thermodynamic calculations as well as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) ‐ energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analyses. Results show that, individually, Co and Ni elements strengthen the matrix by their great solubility in FCC matrix; W element enlarges the hardness of the alloy through benefiting the formation of M6C carbide. Mutually, the addition of Co and Ni together with W increases the precipitation temperature of the eutectic carbides, although the addition of Co and Ni itself exerts little influence on the nature (type, amount, and composition) of the carbides. These predictions combined with the experimental verifications provide potentials for the alloy design and the property control in high speed steels.
Research on the optimal design of weinberg converter
Authors: Chen Qian , Qiu Peng , Lu Yi , Du Jinpei , Wu Jiayi , Yu Haihong
Published: July 2018

Because of its advantages of continuous input and output currents, stable transfer function, and high efficiency, the Weinberg converter is used as battery discharge regulator. Its working principle under overlap and nonoverlap modes with stray parameters is analyzed. Then a design method is proposed to optimize the parameters. In order to estimate the heat distribution, the power loss is calculated according to the performance parameters, and then the efficiency trend is achieved toward the output current. In addition, the experimental results verify the optimal design using a 600 W prototype. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ESL teachers' multiple intelligences and teaching strategies: Is there a linkage?
Authors: Luo Mingchu Neal , Huang Mindy
Published: July 2018

The multiple intelligences (MI) theory has been widely applied to literacy education and English as a second language (ESL) teaching in informing curriculum development and instructional strategies. Using the framework that intelligence shapes human behavior, this study examines the correlations between ESL teachers' MI preferences and their use of MI‐framed teaching strategies in the ESL classroom. Data collected from 67 ESL teachers in a midwestern U.S. state by completing the Intelligence Index and the MI‐Framed Teaching Strategies Index were analyzed using Pearson correlations. Results indicate that ESL teachers used linguistic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal teaching strategies more frequently. The strength of the relationships between ESL teachers' self‐perceived MI domains and their uses of the relevant MI‐framed teaching strategies were weak or not significant. Whether such linkage actually exists may also depend on the experiential, motivational, and contextual factors of the instructional settings. Discussion of results includes the specific levels of the paired relationships examined and their implications for ESL teaching and teacher education.
Correction to: Talking with Children about Adult‐Onset Hereditary Cancer Risk: A Developmental Approach for Parents
Authors: Werner‐Lin Allison , Merrill Shana L. , Brandt Amanda C. , Barnett Rachel E. , Matloff Ellen T.
Published: July 2018

The original article [1] was initially published with the following list of authors: Allison Werner‐Lin, Shana L. Merrill, and Amanda C. Brandt. This author list is now corrected as follows: Allison Werner‐Lin, Shana L. Merrill, Amanda C. Brandt, Rachel E. Barnett, & Ellen T. Matloff.
An LCA of the Pelamis wave energy converter
Authors: Thomson R. Camilla , Chick John P. , Harrison Gareth P.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

To date, very few studies have attempted to quantify the environmental impacts of a wave energy converter, and almost all of these focus solely on the potential climate change impacts and embodied energy. This paper presents a full life cycle assessment (LCA) of the first-generation Pelamis wave energy converter, aiming to contribute to the body of published studies and examine any potential trade-offs or co-benefits across a broad range of environmental impacts.

Methods

The process-based attributional LCA was carried out on the full cradle-to-grave life cycle of the Pelamis P1 wave energy converter, including the device, its moorings and sub-sea connecting cable up to the point of connection with the grid. The case study was for a typical wave farm located off the north-west coast of Scotland. Foreground data was mostly sourced from the manufacturer. Background inventory data was mostly sourced from the ecoinvent database (v3.3), and the ReCiPe and CED impact assessment methods were applied.

Results and discussion

The Pelamis was found to have significantly lower environmental impacts than conventional fossil generation in 6 impact categories, but performed worse than most other types of generation in 8 of the remaining 13 categories studied. The greatest impacts were from steel manufacture and sea vessel operations. The device performs quite well in the two most frequently assessed impacts for renewable energy converters: climate change and cumulative energy demand. The carbon payback period is estimated to be around 24 months (depending on the emissions intensity of the displaced generation mix), and the energy return on investment is 7.5. The contrast between this and the poor performance in other impact categories demonstrates the limitations of focussing only on carbon and energy.

Conclusions

The Pelamis was found to generally have relatively high environmental impacts across many impact categories when compared to other types of power generation; however, these are mostly attributable to the current reliance on fossil fuels in the global economy and the early development stage of the technology. Opportunities to reduce this also lie in reducing requirements for steel in the device structure, and decreasing the requirements for sea vessel operations during installation, maintenance and decommissioning.
Improving the coexistence of offshore wind farms and shipping: an international comparison of navigational risk assessment processes
Authors: Mehdi Raza Ali , Schröder-Hinrichs Jens-Uwe , van Overloop Jeroen , Nilsson Henrik , Pålsson Jonas
Published: July 2018

The continued growth and evolution of the offshore wind industry, and the emergence of other novel marine uses such as wave and tidal generators, have upped the ante for spatial planners, as well as consenting and approval authorities in various coastal states. These stakeholders rely on processes such as navigational risk assessments (NRAs) to balance safety and efficiency requirements and to make optimal decisions over use of space. Given the increasingly complex and crowded seascape, however, there are some apprehensions about potential shortcomings in these NRA processes. There is also some concern that these inadequacies may lead to unsafe or inefficient marine spatial use. To understand how NRA processes can be improved further, a literature review is conducted, followed by a survey of respondents who are involved in the planning, consenting and/or approval of offshore wind farms across seven different countries. A summary of the NRA processes in these seven countries is presented, and several shortcomings are identified. Based on the findings of the survey, a list of recommendations is presented to enhance existing NRA processes—and to improve the coexistence of shipping and offshore wind farms (OWFs).
Notch signaling in human iPS‐derived neuronal progenitor lines from Focal Cortical Dysplasia patients
Authors: Majolo F. , Marinowic D.R. , Machado D.C. , Da Costa J.C.
Published: July 2018

Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD), a common type of Malformations of cortical development, may result from an early disturbance in the migration and final arrangement of the cortical architecture of immature neurons. FCD type II is now known to be due to a post‐zygotic somatic mutation that involves the mTOR and AKT pathways. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible differences in neurogenesis and neurodifferentiation of iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) from fibroblasts of individuals affected by FCD type II (2) and normal individuals (2). iPSCs were generated from skin fibroblasts of FCD individuals and healthy individuals. The reprogramming was done through the fibroblasts exposure to viral vectors containing the OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and c‐MYC genes and the clones were characterized by immunohistochemistry. iPSCs were neurodifferentiated and analyzed at the 14th, 22nd and 35th days. We also analyzed the cerebral cortex tissue, fibroblasts and iPSCs cells from the individuals. Through qRT‐PCR, the expression of 4 genes involved in Notch signaling process were quantified. In general, individuals with dysplasia presented increase and decrease in the relative quantification in the most genes analyzed compared to control individuals in all processes and study groups. We suggest that, during embryonic neurogenesis, the neural precursor cells of FCD type II individuals present increase and decrease in gene expression in the Notch signaling pathway causing cortical formation disorders and can be seen as a candidate for the developmental changes observed in the cerebral cortex of individuals with FCD type II. This altered gene expression may be related to brain formation with dysplasia.
The Association of Judgement Ability and Functional Status in Older Adult Rehabilitation Inpatients
Authors: Quinn C. G. , Rabin L. A. , Sprehn G. C.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: Older adults have an increased likelihood of requiring rehabilitative care due to cognitive and physical risk factors. Research has found a link between executive functioning performance and functional outcomes; however, there is a dearth of research on the assessment of judgement ability. In the current pilot study, we investigated the clinical utility of the Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J) in an older adult rehabilitation sample.

Methods: Inpatients of mixed diagnoses (n= 25, mean age = 72.60) completed the TOP-J and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). We assessed TOP-J performance in the entire sample and in those with intact vs. impaired global cognition (on the Mini-Mental State Examination; MMSE). Correlational analyses were conducted between the TOP-J, MMSE and relevant FIM items.

Results: TOP-J performance fell between the means typically observed in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. Participants with intact global cognition obtained significantly higher TOP-J scores than those with impaired global cognition. Moderate to strong positive correlations emerged between TOP-J, MMSE and FIM items of problem solving, comprehension and memory.

Conclusions: Results provide support for the clinical utility and validity of the TOP-J among older adults in the rehabilitation setting. Administering the TOP-J may help identify patients at risk for future injury and facilitate role transitions.
The novel role of paramedics in collaborative emergency centres aligns with their professional identity: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Whalen Stewart , Goldstein Judah , Urquhart Robin , Carter Alix J.E.
Published: July 2018

Objective

The Collaborative Emergency Centre (CEC) model of care was implemented in Nova Scotia without an identifiable, directly comparable precedent. It features interprofessional teams working towards the goal of providing improved access to primary health care, and appropriate access to 24/7 emergency care. One important component of CEC functioning is overnight staffing by a paramedic and registered nurse (RN) team consulting with an off-site physician. Our objective was to ascertain the attitudes, feelings and experiences of paramedics working within Nova Scotia’s CECs.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study informed by the principles of grounded theory. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with paramedics with experience working in a CEC. Analysis involved an inductive grounded approach using constant comparative analysis. Data collection and analysis continued until thematic saturation was reached.

Results

Fourteen paramedics participated in the study. The majority were male (n=10, 71%) with a mean age of 44 years and mean paramedic experience of 14 years. Four major themes were identified: 1) interprofessional relationships, 2) leadership support, 3) value to community and 4) paramedic identity.

Conclusions

Paramedics report largely positive interprofessional relationships in Nova Scotia’s CECs. They expressed enjoyment working in these centres and believe this work aligns with their professional identity. High levels of patient and community satisfaction were reported. Paramedics believe future expansion of the model would benefit from development of continuing education and improved communication between leadership and front-line workers.
Knowledge Maps of Disaster Medicine in China Based on Co-Word Analysis
Authors: Wei Wei , Ge Jie , Xu Sha , Li Ming , Zhao Zhe , Li Xiaoxue , Zheng Jingchen
Published: July 2018

Objective

We analyzed research themes in the field of disaster medicine in China to provide references for researchers to understand the research status and developing trends of this field.

Methods

Published journal articles were retrieved. A social network analysis was conducted to visualize the relations of high-frequency key words. A cluster analysis was used to classify key words. A strategic diagram analysis was conducted to visualize clusters across the entire research field.

Results

We retrieved 3,079 articles, from which 1,749 articles and 8,284 key words were identified after screening. High-frequency key words were classified into 6 clusters. “Medical rescue” had the highest degree and betweenness centralities. Cluster 4 was located in Quadrant I of the strategic diagrams.

Conclusions

“Medical rescue” is the core key word, and it serves a pivotal “bridge” function. “Emergencies” and similar terms are key words with special statuses. “Natural disaster medical rescue” and “fundamental theories of disaster medicine” constitute the primary and secondary core themes, respectively. “On-site emergency treatment techniques” is a marginalized theme. The other themes are emerging themes that offer considerable scope for future development. Generally, the scope and depth of investigations in this field should be improved. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:405-409)
Committed retreat: controls on glacier disequilibrium in a warming climate
Authors: CHRISTIAN JOHN ERICH , KOUTNIK MICHELLE , ROE GERARD
Published: July 2018

The widespread retreat of mountain glaciers is a striking emblem of recent climate change. Yet mass-balance observations indicate that many glaciers are out of equilibrium with current climate, meaning that observed retreats do not show the full response to warming. This is a fundamental consequence of glacier dynamics: mountain glaciers typically have multidecadal response timescales, and so their response lags centennial-scale climate trends. A substantial difference between transient and equilibrium glacier length persists throughout the warming period; we refer to this length difference as ‘disequilibrium’. Forcing idealized glacier geometries with gradual warming shows that the glacier response timescale fundamentally governs the evolution of disequilibrium. Comparing a hierarchy of different glacier models suggests that accurate estimates of ice thickness and climatology, which control the timescale, are more important than higher order ice dynamics for capturing disequilibrium. Current glacier disequilibrium has previously been estimated for a selection of individual glaciers; our idealized modeling shows that sustained disequilibrium is a fundamental response of glacier dynamics, and is robust across a range of glacier geometries. This implies that many mountain glaciers are committed to additional, kilometer-scale retreats, even without further warming. Disequilibrium must also be addressed when calibrating glacier models used for climate reconstructions and projections of retreat in response to future warming.
STRATIFYING SYSTEMS FOR EXACT CATEGORIES
Authors: SANTIAGO VALENTE
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we develop the theory of stratifying systems in the context of exact categories as a generalisation of the notion of stratifying systems in module categories, which have been studied by different authors. We prove that attached to a stratifying system in an exact category $(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{E})$ there is an standardly stratified algebra B such that the category $\mathscr{F}$F(Θ), of F-filtered objects in the exact category $(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{E})$ is equivalent to the category $\mathscr{F}$(Δ) of Δ-good modules associated to B. The theory we develop in exact categories, give us a way to produce standardly stratified algebras from module categories by just changing the exact structure on it. In this way, we can construct exact categories whose bounded derived category is equivalent to the bounded derived category of an standardly stratified algebra. Finally, applying the relative homological algebra developed by Auslander–Solberg, we can construct examples of stratifying systems that are not a stratifying system in the classical sense, so our approach really produces new stratifying systems.
The Idea of Home in a World of Circulation: Steam, Women and Migration through Bhojpuri Folksongs
Authors: Sinha Nitin
Published: July 2018

The historical juncture of the 1840s to 1860s witnessed three developments: first, the introduction of the new means of communication (steamships and railways); second, new industrial and plantation investments in and outside of India, creating demand for labour; and third, the expansion of a print culture that went beyond the urban elite domain to reflect the world of small towns and villages. In this constellation of social, economic, and technological changes, this article looks at the idea of home, construction of womanhood and the interlaced lifecycles of migrant men and non-migrant women in a period of Indian history marked by “circulation”. Moving away from the predominant focus on migrant men, the article attempts to recreate the social world of non-migrant women left behind in the villages of northern and eastern India. While engaging with the framework of circulation, the article calls for it to be redesigned to allow histories of mobility and immobility, male and female and villages and cities to appear in the same analytical field. Although migration has been reasonably well explored, the issue of marriage is inadequately addressed in South Asian migration studies. “Separated conjugality” is one aspect of this, and the displacement of young girls from their natal home to in-laws’ is another. Through the use of Bhojpuri folksongs, the article brings together migration and marriage as two important social events to understand the different but interlaced lifecycles of gendered (im)mobilities.
Women in otorhinolaryngology: a historical perspective
Authors: Konstantinidou S , Adams M
Published: July 2018

Background

Otorhinolaryngology has an extensive history that spans nearly five millennia, and the history of women as medical and surgical practitioners stretches back to at least 3500 BC.

Objectives

To explore the history of women in ENT from ancient to modern times, and discover their fascinating role in this field over the years.

Method

A literature review was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed.

Results

In ancient and medieval times, there were female doctors accomplished in areas pertaining to ENT. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, inspirational women pioneers paved the way for modern female ENT surgeons. This led to a rapid increase in the representation of female otorhinolaryngologists in clinical practice and authorship over the last fifty years.

Conclusion

The contribution of women to otorhinolaryngology has evolved since ancient times and the greatest advancement has occurred within the last two hundred years.
Studies on Bacidia (lichenized Ascomycota, Ramalinaceae) in temperate Australia, including Tasmania: saxicolous and terricolous species
Authors: KANTVILAS Gintaras
Published: July 2018

Descriptions, illustrations, discussion and an identification key are presented for six saxicolous and terricolous species of the lichen genus Bacidia De Not. occurring in temperate Australia and Tasmania. Three species are described as new to science: B. lithophila Kantvilas from northern Tasmania, characterized by having only brown apothecial pigments and 3–5-septate, acicular ascospores, 23–35×1·5–2·0 µm; B. littoralis Kantvilas from Tasmania, South Australia (Kangaroo Island) and New South Wales, characterized by green and brown apothecial pigments and acicular, 3–7-septate ascospores, 24–48×2·0–3·5 µm; and B. maccarthyi Kantvilas from New South Wales, with pruinose apothecia and long, filiform, 17–25-septate ascospores, 65–115×2·5–4·0 µm. Three further species are reported for the region for the first time: B. bagliettoana (A. Massal. & de Not.) Jatta (Tasmania), B. curvispora Coppins & Fryday (Tasmania) and B. scopulicola (Nyl.) A. L. Sm. (Tasmania, Victoria).
Realist climate ethics: Promoting climate ambition within the Classical Realist tradition
Authors: Symons Jonathan
Published: July 2018

What is a Classical Realist analysis of climate ethics and politics? Classical Realist ethical analysis differs from ideal normative theory in that it addresses state decision-makers rather than individuals, assumes highly imperfect compliance with the demands of justice, and is concerned with feasibility and transition rather than end-states. Classical Realists urge leaders to prioritise state security over private moral concerns, to assess rival policies against their likely consequences and to seek the ‘lesser evil’ among feasible choices. But how does Realism respond when the prudent pursuit of state security risks rendering much of the planet uninhabitable? In the 1950s, the development of the hydrogen bomb created just such a dilemma as status quo politics now carried a significant risk of thermonuclear omnicide. In response, Hans Morgenthau argued that states should manage systemic risk by working in concert to safeguard expanded, collective national interests. The Classical Realist mode of thought suggests an analogous response to systemic climate risks: states’ conceptions of national interest must expand to include cooperative system-preservation alongside traditional security concerns. Classical Realist arguments might then be mobilised to overcome resistance from vested interests and to support state-directed low carbon innovation, adaptation and mitigation agreements that prioritise ambition over distributional justice.
Insects as sources of iron and zinc in human nutrition
Authors: Mwangi Martin N. , Oonincx Dennis G. A. B. , Stouten Tim , Veenenbos Margot , Melse-Boonstra Alida , Dicke Marcel , van Loon Joop J. A.
Published: July 2018

Dietary deficiencies in Fe and Zn are globally widespread, causing serious health problems such as anaemia, poor pregnancy outcomes, increased risk of morbidity and mortality, stunted growth and impaired physical and cognitive development. Edible insects, of which a diversity of over 2000 species is available, are dietary components for about 2 billion individuals and are a valuable source of animal protein. In the present paper, we review the available information on Fe and Zn in edible insects and their potential as a source of these micronutrients for the rapidly growing human population. The levels of Fe and Zn present in eleven edible insect species that are mass-reared and six species that are collected from nature are similar to or higher than in other animal-based food sources. High protein levels in edible insect species are associated with high Fe and Zn levels. Fe and Zn levels are significantly positively correlated. Biochemically, Fe and Zn in insects occur predominantly in non-haem forms, bound to the proteins ferritin, transferrin and other transport and storage proteins. Knowledge gaps exist for bioavailability in the human alimentary tract, the effect of anti-nutritional factors in other dietary components such as grains on Fe and Zn absorption and the effect of food preparation methods. We conclude that edible insects present unique opportunities for improving the micronutrient status of both resource-poor and Western populations.
Source and amount of carbohydrate in the diet and inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Barrea Luigi , Marzullo Paolo , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Di Somma Carolina , Scacchi Massimo , Orio Francesco , Aimaretti Gianluca , Colao Annamaria , Savastano Silvia
Published: July 2018

High carbohydrate intake and low-grade inflammation cooperate with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism to constitute an interactive continuum acting on the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age characterised by oligo-anovulatory infertility and cardiometabolic disorders. The role of insulin in PCOS is pivotal both in regulating the activity of ovarian and liver enzymes, respectively involved in androgen production and in triggering low-grade inflammation usually reported to be associated with an insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and cardiometabolic diseases. Although an acute hyperglycaemia induced by oral glucose loading may increase inflammation and oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species through different mechanisms, the postprandial glucose increment, commonly associated with the Western diet, represents the major contributor of chronic sustained hyperglycaemia and pro-inflammatory state. Together with hyperinsulinaemia, hyperandrogenism and low-grade inflammation, unhealthy diet should be viewed as a key component of the ‘deadly quartet’ of metabolic risk factors associated with PCOS pathophysiology. The identification of a tight diet–inflammation–health association makes the adoption of healthy nutritional approaches a primary preventive and therapeutic tool in women with PCOS, weakening insulin resistance and eventually promoting improvements of reproductive life and endocrine outcomes. The intriguing nutritional–endocrine connections operating in PCOS underline the role of expert nutritionists in the management of this syndrome. The aim of the present review is to provide an at-a-glance overview of the possible bi-directional mechanisms linking inflammation, androgen excess and carbohydrate intake in women with PCOS.
Soviet Famines
Authors:   The Contemporary European History Editorial Team
Published: July 2018

The editors of Contemporary European History are delighted to present this roundtable on the Soviet famines of the 1930s, which brings into conversation leading scholars from around the world working in the field of Soviet history.
Temporal expression of pluripotency-associated transcription factors in sheep and cattle preimplantation embryos
Authors: Silva P.G.C. , Moura M.T. , Silva R.L.O. , Nascimento P.S. , Silva J.B. , Ferreira-Silva J.C. , Cantanhêde L.F. , Chaves M.S. , Benko-Iseppon A.M. , Oliveira M.A.L.
Published: July 2018

Pluripotency-associated transcription factors (PATFs) modulate gene expression during early mammalian embryogenesis. Despite a strong understanding of PATFs during mouse embryogenesis, limited progress has been made in ruminants. This work aimed to describe the temporal expression of eight PATFs during both sheep and cattle preimplantation development. Transcript availability of PATFs was evaluated by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in eggs, cleavage-stage embryos, morulae, and blastocysts. Transcripts of five genes were detected in all developmental stages of both species (KLF5, OCT4, RONIN, ZFP281, and ZFX). Furthermore, CMYC was detected in all cattle samples but was found from cleavage-stage onwards in sheep. In contrast, NR0B1 was detected in all sheep samples but was not detected in cattle morulae. GLIS1 displayed the most significant variation in temporal expression between species, as this PATF was only detected in cattle eggs and sheep cleavage-stage embryos and blastocysts.In silicoanalysis suggested that cattle and sheep PATFs share similar size, isometric point and molecular weight. A phenetic analysis showed two patterns of PATF clustering between cattle and sheep, among several mammalian species. In conclusion, the temporal expression of pluripotency-associated transcription factors differs between sheep and cattle, suggesting species-specific regulation during preimplantation development.
Early survival following in utero myocardial infarction
Authors: Cosgrove Peter , Modi Shan , Lawson Karla , Hancock-Friesen Camille , Johnson Gregory
Published: July 2018

Intrauterine myocardial infarction is a rare and frequently fatal diagnosis. It has been presented in the literature only as case reports and short series. We present a case report of a coronary occlusive intrauterine myocardial infarction and survival and present a systematic review of the literature. This is the first summative description of current data on intrauterine and perinatal myocardial infarction. We performed the systematic review based on the guidelines established by the PRISMA statement. Our population of intrauterine and perinatal myocardial infarction included published cases who presented as a live birth within the first 28 postnatal days, and had a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. We conducted descriptive statistics and regression analysis on short-term mortality as the primary outcome. After applying exclusion criteria we described 84 individual cases of myocardial infarction from 63 full-text articles including our own case. Presentation within the first 12 hours was associated with mortality (OR 3.90, p=0.004). Treatment modalities were varied and inconsistently recorded. The aetiologies and comorbidities are varied in our systematic review. We would have a low threshold to perform viral testing, consider anticoagulation early and coronary imaging if feasible. The use of extracorporeal membranous oxygenation may serve as a bridge to cardiac recovery.
Bloodless priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit: determinants of successful transfusion-free operation in neonates and infants with a maximum body weight of 7 kg
Authors: Wloch Alexa , Boettcher Wolfgang , Sinzobahamvya Nicodème , Cho Mi-Young , Redlin Mathias , Dähnert Ingo , Photiadis Joachim
Published: July 2018

We currently perform open-heart procedures using bloodless priming of cardiopulmonary bypass circuits regardless of a patient’s body weight. This study presents results of this blood-saving approach in neonates and infants with a body weight of up to 7 kg. It tests with multivariate analysis factors that affect perioperative transfusion. A total of 498 open-heart procedures were carried out in the period 2014–2016 and were analysed. Priming volume ranged from 73 ml for patients weighing up to 2.5 kg to 110 ml for those weighing over 5 kg. Transfusion threshold during cardiopulmonary bypass was 8 g/dl of haemoglobin concentration. Transfusion factors were first analysed individually. Variables with a p-value lower than 0.2 underwent logistic regression. Extracorporeal circulation was conducted without transfusion of blood in 335 procedures – that is, 67% of cases. Transfusion-free operation was achieved in 136 patients (27%) and was more frequently observed after arterial switch operation and ventricular septal defect repair (12/18=66.7%). It was never observed after Norwood procedure (0/33=0%). Lower mortality score (p=0.001), anaesthesia provided by a certain physician (p=0.006), first chest entry (p=0.013), and higher haemoglobin concentration before going on bypass (p=0.013) supported transfusion-free operation. Early postoperative mortality was 4.4% (22/498). It was lower than expected (6.4%: 32/498). In conclusion, by adjusting the circuit, cardiopulmonary bypass could be conducted without donor blood in majority of patients, regardless of body weight. Transfusion-free open-heart surgery in neonates and infants requires team cooperation. It was more often achieved in procedures with lower mortality score.