bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of self-myofascial release interventions with or without sliding pressures on skin temperature, range of motion and perceived well-being: a randomized control pilot trial
Authors: Kerautret Yann , Guillot Aymeric , Eyssautier Carole , Gibert Guillaume , Di Rienzo Franck
Published: April 2021

Background

Self-myofascial release is an emerging technique in strength and conditioning. Yet, there is no consensus regarding optimal practice guidelines. Here, we investigated the acute effects of various foam rolling interventions targeting quadriceps muscles, with or without sliding pressures.

Methods

We conducted a blinded randomized control pilot trial in 42 healthy weightlifting athletes over 4 weeks. Participants were randomly allocated to one of the four intervention (120 s massage routine) groups: foam rolling, roller massager, foam rolling with axial sliding pressures, foam rolling with transverse sliding pressures. Knee range of motion, skin temperature and subjective scores of the perceived heat, range of motion, muscle pain and relaxation were the dependent variables. Measurements were carried on before, after and up to 15 min (follow-up) after the massage intervention.

Results

The range of motion increased immediately after the various foam rolling interventions (+ 10.72%, 95% CI 9.51 to 11.95, p < 0.001), but progressively returned back to the pre-intervention baseline along within the 15 min post-intervention. Foam rolling was the most effective intervention to increase skin temperature from thermographic measures (+ 14.06%, 95% CI 10.97 to 17.10, p < 0.001), while the increase in perceived heat was comparable in all experimental groups (107%, 95% CI 91.08 to 122.61, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Subjective indexes of heat, range of motion, muscle pain and relaxation improved immediately after the intervention, but also gradually returned to the pre-intervention baseline. Overall, combining foam rolling with sliding pressures did not yield additional benefits from objective measures.
Some generalizations of the Hermite–Hadamard integral inequality
Authors: Simić Slavko , Bin-Mohsin Bandar
Published: April 2021

In this article we give two possible generalizations of the Hermite–Hadamard integral inequality for the class of twice differentiable functions, where the convexity property of the target function is not assumed in advance. They represent a refinement of this inequality in the case of convex/concave functions with numerous applications.
Removal of arsenate using graphene oxide-iron modified clinoptilolite-based composites: adsorption kinetic and column study
Authors: Bilici Baskan Meltem , Hadimlioglu Seçil
Published: April 2021

In this study, graphene oxide (GO), iron modified clinoptilolite (FeZ), and composites of GO-FeZ (GOFeZA and GOFeZB) were synthesized and characterized using SEM, EDS, XRF, FTIR, and pHpzc. The arsenate uptake on composites of GOFeZA and GOFeZB was examined by both kinetic and column studies. The adsorption capacity increases with the increase of the initial arsenate concentration at equilibrium for both composites. At the initial arsenate concentration of 450 μg/L, the arsenate adsorption on GOFeZA and GOFeZB was 557.86 and 554.64 μg/g, respectively. Arsenate adsorption on both composites showed good compatibility with the pseudo second order kinetic model. The adsorption process was explained by the surface complexation or ion exchange and electrostatic attraction between GOFeZA or GOFeZB and arsenate ions in the aqueous solution due to the relatively low equilibrium time and fairly rapid adsorption of arsenate at the beginning of the process. The adsorption mechanism was confirmed by characterization studies performed after arsenate was loaded onto the composites. The fixed-bed column experiments showed that the increasing the flow rate of the arsenate solution through the column resulted in a decrease in empty bed contact time, breakthrough time, and volume of treated water. As a result of the continuous operation column study with regenerated GOFeZA, it was demonstrated that the regenerated GOFeZA has lower breakthrough time and volume of treated water compared to fresh GOFeZA.
Using Pathway Modeling to Evaluate and Improve Student-Centered Teaching Practices in Co-Taught College Science Courses
Authors: Chen Xinnian , Redden John M. , Bobrownicki Aiyana , Gill Julia , Graham Mark J.
Published: April 2021

This Essay demonstrates how course pathway modeling can help co-instructors better represent the complexity of student-centered teaching practices. It discusses how this approach can improve curricular design, course evaluation, student assessment, and communication between co-instructors.
Oncologist-Reported Reasons for Not Ordering Multimarker Tumor Panels: Results From a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Roberts Megan C. , Spees Lisa P. , Freedman Andrew N. , Klein William M. P. , Prabhu Das Irene , Butler Eboneé N. , de Moor Janet S.
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE

This study examines oncologist-reported reasons for not using multimarker tumor panel testing and the association between these reasons and oncologist-level, facility-level, and patient-mix characteristics.

METHODS

We used data collected from a nationally representative sample (N = 1,281) of medical oncologists participating in the National Cancer Institute's National Survey of Precision Medicine in Cancer Treatment.

RESULTS

In addition to testing not being seen as relevant (87%) and no evidence of test utility (77%), the most frequently reported reasons for not ordering a multimarker tumor panel test was difficulty in obtaining sufficient tissue (57%) and using individual gene tests (72%). These reasons were more likely to be reported by oncologists practicing in rural clinics and less likely to be reported by oncologists with an academic affiliation or with access to genetic services such as on-site genetic counselors and internal genetic testing policies.

CONCLUSION

Modifiable, organizational factors were associated with ordering multimarker tumor panels. Receipt of genomics training and organizational policies related to the use of genomics were associated with lower reporting of barriers to ordering multimarker tumor panels, pointing to potential targets for future studies aimed at increasing appropriate multimarker tumor panel testing in cancer treatment management.
D. H. Lawrence’s Stained Glass
Authors: Yamboliev Irena
Published: April 2021

This essay reveals the unexpected yet profound ways stained glass contributes to the representational logic of Lawrence’s fiction, especially his early story “A Fragment of Stained Glass” (1908) and The Rainbow (1915). Lawrence develops a prose style that mimics stained glass’s visual aesthetic—its juxtaposition of translucent, glowing color with opaque line that holds and tempers it—and its power to shape psychological interiors by shaping exterior surroundings. Especially in narrating moments when a character struggles to comprehend her relationship to another person or to the external world, Lawrence’s prose converts stained glass’s organizing principles into syntax, foregrounding the contrasts and overlaps between nouns and adjectives, independent and dependent clauses, and words’ multiple repetitions. In doing so, he formalizes a conceptual parallel: the non-verbal medium’s filtering of white light into netted color is repeated when a writer filters the raw materials of sensory perception into hierarchies we think of as central to the novel—character’s primacy over setting, or representation’s primacy over elaboration. In undoing such hierarchies, Lawrence takes to their logical endpoints late nineteenth-century debates about decorative aesthetics, foregrounding the plastic arts’ emphasis on the expressive power of patterning over depiction.
Bad Seeds and Wayward Boys in Postwar Adoption Fiction
Authors: Callahan Cynthia
Published: April 2021

The concept of the “bad seed,” a child whose negative hereditary traits will unleash chaos on an unsuspecting family, has to this day informed responses to adoption, a relic of William March’s 1954 novel, The Bad Seed, and its 1956 film adaptation. A closer look at other mid-twentieth-century American adoption narratives suggests, however, that inherited traits were not the only concerns, an argument this essay pursues by considering March’s novel and its film adaptation alongside Richard Wright’s posthumously published novella Rite of Passage. All of the texts share certain formal features, such as the adopted/fostered characters’ abrupt discovery of their adoptive status and the presence of psychological discourses in representing the distress of learning that new information. They come to very different conclusions, however, about the root cause of the adopted characters’ tragic outcomes. While The Bad Seed novel and film imagine an adoptee compelled by violent ancestral urges, in Wright’s text the fate of the adopted/foster child is most profoundly shaped by the structures of the social system itself. Rite of Passage provides a useful corrective to the stubborn endurance of the bad seed narratives’ determinism, drawing on many of the same discourses that inform both novel and film to offer an alternative perspective on race, gender, heredity, and adoption from the 1940s and 1950s.
Cardiorespiratory Synchrony in Turtles
Authors: Wang Tobias , Hicks James W.
Published: April 2021

Many reptiles, particularly diving species, display characteristic cardiovascular changes associated with lung ventilation (cardiorespiratory synchrony). Previous studies on freshwater turtl.es show that heart rate and pulmonary blood flow rate (Q̇pul) increase two-to fourfold during ventilation compared with breath-holding, and some studies. report concomitant decreases in systemic blood flow rate (Q̇sys). The primary aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of cardiorespiratory synchrony in free-diving and fully recovered turtles (Trachemys scrip.ta). During breath-holds lasting longer than 5 min, Q̇pul averaged 15 ml min-1 kg-1 and increased more than threefold to a.maximum value of 50 ml min-1 kg-1 during ventilation. Q̇sys also increased during ventilation compared with during breath-holds lasting longer than 5 min (from 44 to 73 ml min-1 kg-1 during ventilation). Neither Q̇pul nor Q̇sys was affected by the n. umber of. breaths in the ventilatory periods. Changes in Q̇pul and Q̇sys were accomplished entirely through a significant increase in heart rate during ventilation, while total stroke volume (systemic + pulmonary) remain.ed constant. Irre.spective of the ventilatory state, Q̇sys exceeded Q̇pul by 20–30 ml min-1 kg-1. Nev.ertheless, because Q̇pul in.creas.ed relatively more than Q̇sys during ventilation, Q̇pul/Q̇sys increased from 0.29 during apnoea to 0.80 during lung ventilation. This study confirms cardiorespiratory synchrony in the turtle Trachemys scripta but, in contrast to earlier studies, a net right-to-left cardiac shunt prevailed regardless of ventilatory state.
Exploring Reproductive Health Impact of COVID 19 pandemic: In Depth Interviews with key stakeholders in Pakistan
Authors: Shah Nighat , Musharraf Mehjabeen , Khan Farah , Shah Nusrat
Published: April 2021

Objective: To explore the effects of COVID 19 on reproductive and child health services and gender relations.

Methods: This is a Qualitative Exploratory Research. Due to lockdown, setting was online interviews on Zoom. Sampling was purposive. Five in-depth interviews were conducted in June 2020 followed by compilation of results and manuscript writing in July and August 2020.

Results: Maternal Neonatal morbidity and mortality will rise as part of collateral damage of C19. As all routine services of maternity care, family planning, post abortion care and vaccination were also in lockdown. Baby boom, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions and violence against women will be the secondary consequences of C19.

Conclusion: Some critical services should never stop which include maternal and neonatal essential services. MNCH service continuity has to be maintained to optimize maternal neonatal health, prevent unwanted pregnancy and abortion. With appropriate standard operating procedures, and protective equipments, health facilities need to open. LHWs and community mobilisers with PPEs should continue services.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3877

How to cite this:Shah N, Musharraf M, Khan F, Shah N. Exploring Reproductive Health Impact of COVID 19 pandemic: In Depth Interviews with key stakeholders in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):1069-1074. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3877

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Constituents, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Common Vegetable Wastes
Authors: Biswas Swagata , Ghosh Pranabesh , Dutta Alolika , Biswas Maitrayee , Chatterjee Sirshendu
Published: April 2021

Vegetables are intrinsic to a healthy diet. But the peels are discarded as food waste, unknowing of their potential as the source of bioactive compounds. The study aims to find the nutritional constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of these food wastes. Here we make a comparative investigation among the five underutilized vegetable parts namely, Solanum tuberosum (Potato peel), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber peel), Musa acuminata (Unripe Banana peel), Brassica oleracea (Cauliflower stem), Lagenaria siceraria (Bottle gourd peel). After the primary screening, including proximate and qualitative analysis, the quantification of primary and secondary metabolites as well as minerals was estimated by different standard methods. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by both DPPH and H2O2 radical scavenging assays. Antimicrobial activity was analyzed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) strains of bacteria compared with positive and negative controls. From the proximate analysis, the highest moisture and water content were found in the peel sample of Lagenaria siceraria. Out of ten qualitative tests, protein, fatty acid, flavonoid, alkaloid and xanthoprotein were detected in all five samples. Among the quantitative estimations, Lagenaria siceraria showed the highest amount of polysaccharides (85.82±0.12 mg DE/g DW), ascorbic acid (2.48±0.14 mg AAE/g FW), thiamine (24.46±0.13 mg TE/g DW), polyphenols (86.36±0.10 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (49.59±0.07 mg QE/g DW), minerals like K, Ca and Mg and 72.35±0.40% inhibition by DPPH. Simultaneously a significant amount of protein (63.59±0.13 mg BSAE/g FW), the amino acid (7.84±0.02 mg AAE/g DW), minerals like Na, Zn and B and 88.76±0.10% inhibition by H2O2 were found in Cucumis sativus. At a higher concentration, all samples were exhibited significant antimicrobial activity which laid out a strong correlation with previously screened phytonutrients and antioxidants. The overall findings suggested that these underutilized vegetable parts can be utilized in the processing of potential functional foods as well as pharmaceuticals rather than thrown out as agro-waste.
Knowledge and Practices Regarding Infant and Young Child Feeding among Mothers Working in Readymade Garments Sector in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Iqbal Afrin
Published: April 2021

Optimum is. Adequate Infant and young child feeding (IYCF), critical for child’s growth and development, requires a significant amount of time andcan be challenging for working mothers. In Bangladesh, about four million women work long-hours in Readymade Garment (RMG) factories without proper maternity benefits which raises concern regarding optimum IYCF practice. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Dhaka, Bangladesh to identify the knowledge and common practices of IYCF among mothers working in Readymade Garment sector. Ninety-three women of reproductive age (15-49 years), working in Readymade Garment sector, with children aged 6-23 months, were interviewed. Our study revealed- majority knew about exclusive breast feeding (EBF) (76%), duration to continue breast feeding (73%) and early initiation of breast feeding (53%). The exclusive breast-feeding practice in mothers employed in RMG sector was 44%. Three-fourths of the mothers knew and initiated complementary feeding timely. Both knowledge regarding age-adjusted minimum meal frequency (MMF) (19.4%) and minimum quantity (8.6%) were low; compared to actual practices. Nearly two-fifth of the mothers (40%) had to start working before their child reached six months of age enabling them to provide their baby with breastmilk substitutes. Mothers employed in Readymade Garment sector had better IYCF practice than general population. Proper workplace environment with mandatory breast-feeding corners, daycare facilities and ensuring maternity benefits in these mothers could help achieve an even better IYCF practices for their children.
The Glycemic Index of Food- Should It Be Gender Specific?
Authors: Eldakhakhny Basmah Medhat , Alamoudi Aliaa Amr , Binmahfooz Sarah Khalid , Alamoudi Sarah Amr , Akshawi Maha Essam , Linjawi Jana Hisham , Hejji Aljawhara Talal , Addas Alia Azzam , Abdulghaffar Haifa Khaled , Brika Raval Jamal , Saaty Renad Nabih , Alnuwaiser Sara Jamal , Bedaiwi Hala Waleed , Bahijri Suhad Maatouq
Published: April 2021

Glycemic index (GI) was developed to categorize dietary carbohydrates based on their overall effect on postprandial blood glucose. Low GI foods demand a lower insulin response compared to high GI foods. This is expected to decrease the incidence of insulin resistance, the development of obesity, and hypertension, which are risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Hence, it was recommended to add GI as a valid methodology complementing other dietary aspects that need to be applicable to both genders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of gender difference on GI in healthy, normal BMI males and females. Healthy, non-smoking adults age between 18 -35 years of normal BMI, were recruited. Subjects were included following initial screening using a structured questionnaire and blood tests to exclude diabetes, dyslipidemia, and/or hypertension cases. A standard 50 g glucose tolerance test was performed for two visits for each sugar (glucose and sucrose). Blood was collected at fasting, then at 15,30,45,60,90,120 min after the sugar consumption and the area under the curve was calculated. A total of 11 men and ten women were included in the study after excluding prediabetics and participants with abnormal liver enzymes. The mean GI for the whole sample was 69. A distinctive difference between males and females was noticed in the GI and the response curve. For males, the GI for sucrose was 77, and the response curve peaked at 30 min, followed by a sharp decline below baseline at 2h. On the other hand, the GI for females was 60, and the curve peaked at 45 min. In conclusion, our study showed that there is a clear difference in GI between men and women. A larger study is needed to clarify this further and prove or disprove the need for separate GI lists for men and women.
"O FAROL QUE ILUMINA CAMINHOS DA REVOLUÇÃO MOÇABICANA": A IMAGEM DE JOSINA MUTHEMBA MACHEL COMO INSTRUMENTO POLÍTICO (1975-1986)
Authors: Rocha Júlia Tainá Monticeli
Published: April 2021

Durante o governo do primeiro presidente de Moçambique, Samora Moisés Machel, é possível perceber o desenvolvimento do imaginário popular sobre alguns importantes elementos da Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (FRELIMO) do período da luta anticolonial. Promovida pelas publicações oficiais do Partido da Frelimo através de coleções organizadas pelo Órgão de Informação e Propaganda e das publicações da revista Tempo no período após a independência. O próprio Samora Moisés Machel é conhecido atualmente como o “pai da nação”, assim como, o símbolo da emancipação feminina tem sua representação na figura de Josina M. Machel. Ou seja, não é apenas a construção de heróis nacionais homens em torno de mitos fundacionais que constituiu o imaginário popular moçambicano. É sobre essa emblemática mulher e a utilização política da imagem associada a ela que trataremos a seguir através da análise de materiais de 1975 a 1986.
100 ano de Elisete Cardoso: de crooner à divina
Authors: Silva Marilda De Santana
Published: April 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é celebrar, comemorar o centenário de nascimento de Elisete Cardoso que se estivesse viva completaria 100 anos em 16 de julho de 2020. A Divina, como foi denominada pelo jornalista Haroldo Barbosa, fez escola e história na música popular brasileira. Assim, o que se pretende é destacar cinco gravações importantes em sua carreira, costurada de maneira aparentemente informal com a narrativa da minha história, que também sou cantora, sua importância na minha trajetória que culmina na audiência do show em sua homenagem, em março de 2020, no SESC Pinheiros. Neste sentido, além de sua história de vida, do binômio gênero e raça, me inspiro na escrevivência de Conceição Evaristo cuja experiência na sociedade brasileira é atravessada pela condição de ser mulher e negra.
“SE ELES FAZEM MIL, TEMOS DE FAZER MIL E UM” - E ELA FEZ! TRAJETÓRIA ACADÊMICA DE UMA DOUTORA NEGRA NOS ANOS 1970
Authors: Baião Jonê Carla
Published: April 2021

Este texto é um desafio a uma “viagem” a história de uma das mulheres da minha família. Cresci numa família grande. Minha mãe teve dez filhos, sendo sete mulheres. Minha avó teve 13 filhos, sendo 9 mulheres e cinco homens. Numa família de forte presença feminina, está entre elas a figura da Tia Calu. Olhar para história de vida da tia Calu e escrevê-la é compartilhar um pouco do que uma família negra, pobre de uma metrópole como Rio de Janeiro pode experenciar em sua trajetória acadêmica. Falar de racismo nessa trajetória é redundância para mulheres pretas. Escrever me fez olhar para dentro de nossa família e pensar a história e trajetória acadêmica da mulher negra no Brasil no século 20/21. Ao final do texto falo da minha experiência em 2020 ao participar como avaliadora em uma banca de Mestrado e puxo o fio da conversa para pensarmos por que ainda precisamos de tanta luta antirracista?
Perspectiva europea sobre los riesgos laborales en el ámbito del teletrabajo
Authors: Cockburn William , Hurtado Miren
Published: April 2021

Tras la declaración oficial de la COVID-19 como pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en marzo de 2020, los Estados Miembros de la Unión Europea pusieron en marcha una serie de medidas para contener y frenar la expansión del virus en los lugares de trabajo. La naturaleza y el alcance de las restricciones difieren entre Estados y sectores. La crisis de la COVID-19 también ha forzado a las empresas a aplicar nuevos procedimientos y prácticas en muy poco tiempo o, en algunos casos, a suspender su trabajo y actividades económicas…
Studying Maize Growth Indices in Different water Stress Conditions and the use of Humic Acid
Authors: sharifi Parisa
Published: April 2021

An experiment was conducted in split plots in a completely randomized block design with three replications to evaluate the impact of drought stress on physiological indices of maize growth and the effect of humic acid fertilizer on alleviating drought stress. The main factor included three irrigation levels of 100%, 75%, and 50% and sub-factor was the use and non-use of humic acid. The results showed that in all different levels of irrigation and humic acid treatments, the index of leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and dry matter accumulation are sigmoid. The highest LAI was (4.5) and biological yield was (15.5 ha) in full irrigation treatment with humic acid, and minimum LAI was (3) with biological yield (8.8 tons per hectare) in 50% irrigation treatment and non-use of humic acid. The results showed that LAI and receiving light were the most important factor affecting the growth indices. Moreover, the highest and lowest CGR CGR, relative growth rate (RGR) RGR and net absorption rate (NAR) were related to full irrigation + consumption of humic acid and 50% irrigation and non-use of humic acid respectively. Overall, the results showed that in without stress treatment (irrigation 100%), the use of humic acid compared to non-use increased RGR, CGR, NAR and LAI at 1.3%, 21%, 8% and 12.5% respectively. This is while in water stress (irrigation 50%), humic acid consumption increased these indices 7%, 25%, 14% and 30% respectively representing a reduction drought stress by humic acid. In general, it could be argued that the use of humic acid, due to adjusting the drought, could have a positive role in water stress to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, reducing environmental pollution, and to mitigate drought stress, and as is suggested a stable source of supplying nutrients in drought conditions for maize.
An overview on 3D Printed Medicine
Authors: Thakur Neha , Murthy Hari
Published: April 2021

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a digitally-controlled additive manufacturing technique used for fast prototyping. This paper reviews various 3D printing techniques like Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling, (FDM), Semi-solid extrusion (SSE), Stereolithography (SLA), Thermal Inkjet (TIJ) Printing, and Binder jetting 3D Printing along with their application in the field of medicine. Normal medicines are based on the principle of “one-size-fits-all”. This is not true always, it is possible medicine used for curing one patient is giving some side effects to another. To overcome this drawback “3D Printed medicines” are developed.
In this paper, 3D printed medicines forming different Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) are reviewed. Printed medicines are capable of only curing the diseases, not for the diagnosis. Nanomedicines have “theranostic” ability which combines therapeutic and diagnostic. Nanoparticles are used as the drug delivery system (DDS) to damaged cells’ specific locations. By the use of nanomedicine, the fast recovery of the disease is possible. The plant-based nanoparticles are used with herbal medicines which give low-cost and less toxic medication called nanobiomedicine. 4D and 5D printing technology for the medical field are also enlightened in this paper.
Regional Disparities in the Training Market: Opportunities for Adolescents to Obtain a Company-Based Training Place Depending on Regional Training Market Conditions
Authors: Michaelis Christian , Busse Robin
Published: April 2021

Context: Due to limited geographical mobility, opportunities for adolescents interested in company-based training are primarily dependent on regional training offers. Competition for company-based training among adolescents varies regionally, and thus, the chance to obtain a training contract varies as well. In this article, we investigate the opportunities for adolescents to obtain company-based training depending on regional training market conditions. We assume that the advantages of obtaining a company-based training place exist in areas of decreased competition among interested adolescents. However, the question is whether those advantages will differ between adolescents depending on characteristics such as school achievement, socioeconomic status or migration background. Furthermore, we assume that, above all, market-induced ease-of-access to company-based training exists for occupations that face hiring challenges and indicates less occupational attractiveness.Methods: The transition from school (after 9th and 10th grade) to company-based training is analysed using data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS, starting cohort 4). This dataset is merged with the official regional training market data regarding local supply and demand ratio for training places (called "SDR") in the dual system of Vocational Education and Training in Germany. Logistic regressions are used to predict the probabilities of obtaining a training place. The focus lies on the interaction effects between SDR and adolescents’ education-related characteristics (school certificates and grade point average), socioeconomic characteristics and migration backgrounds. Subgroup-specific analyses of different clusters of hiring challenges for trainee occupations are used to examine whether these effects are valid for all occupations.Findings: The results confirm regional differences in obtaining a training place depending on the SDR. Here, applicant hierarchies according to educational achievement continue to exist if competition for company-based training among adolescents decreases. Beneficiaries are better-qualified adolescents with poorer GPAs. SDR hardly influences social disparities. However, the advantages of obtaining a company-based training place primarily exist for training occupations with hiring challenges when competition for company-based training among adolescents decreases. These occupations have a significantly lower occupational prestige (ISEI-08) compared to occupations with fewer hiring challenges.Conclusion: The results make it clear that market-induced ease-of-access to company-based training is not necessarily an advantage. Because the findings indicate that the advantages pertain mainly to low-prestige occupations, it can be assumed that career-path disadvantages can arise down the road. Future studies should investigate this in more differentiated ways.
Tipe sedimen di Perairan Pantai Anoi Itam Kota Sabang
Authors: Purnawan Syahrul , Ihsan Najwan , Setiawan Ichsan , Yuni Syarifah Meurah
Published: April 2021

Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui distribusi sedimen dan penyebaran sedimen di Perairan Pantai Anoi Itam Sabang. Sampel sedimen permukaan diambil pada Bulan April 2017 dari sepuluh stasiun yang tersebar di sepanjang daerah intertidal. Tubecore berdiameter 2,5 inch diaplikasikan untuk mengambil sedimen hingga ketebalan 20 cm dari permukaan. Semua sampel dianalisis menggunakan saringan bertingkat dengan menggunakan metode ayak basah. Persentase kehadiran yang tinggi banyak dijumpai pada ayakan berukuran 1φ atau fraksi pasir kasar, sejalan juga dengan hasil analisis rataan ukuran butiran menunjukkan kisaran pada rentang pasir kasar, hanya stasiun 6 yang rataannya berada pada rentang pasir kasar (coarse sand). Tipe sedimen yang dijumpai adalah pasir sedikit berkerikil (Slightly Gravelly Sand) dan pasir berkerikil (Gravelly Sand).Kata Kunci: Pantai Anoi Itam, Sedimen, Distribusi Sedimen
Posisi komponen GPP terhadap variasi konstituen harmonik pasang surut bulan Muharram di Stasiun Sabang
Authors: Salnuddin Salnuddin , Wahidin Nurhalis , Bemba Jefry
Published: April 2021

The movement of celestial bodies produces a variation of a gravitational gradient as a tidal generation force (GPP). Position Sabang Station, declination maximum and position lunar month of Muharram aka n generate harmonic constituent character identifier of GPP, where the water level is the sum of the amplitude of harmonic constituent that generated at a certain time.This research is to determine the variation of harmonic constituents and identify the character of harmonic constituents of GPP component position characterization in Muharram month. The results show Katrakteristik tidal movement beginning of the month of Muharram in Sabang Station occurred 1-2 hours after ijtimak.. Value riding dominant water derived from the value of Mean Sea Level ( 52%), and the dominant contribution hamonik constituents derived from component M 2 (28 - 33%). Harmonic constituents M 2 does not show the position of the moon in Muharram, while the position of the sun is reflected in the constituent phase harmonic S 2..
Ekosistem mangrove sebagai habitat kepiting bakau (Scylla Serrata) di Kampung Nipah Desa Sei Nagalawan Kecamatan Perbaungan Serdang Bedagai Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Saragi Sari Marina , Desrita Desrita
Published: April 2021

Highly Utilization of Mangrove field as cultivation field of fish and recreation and tour site by people have big posses to the abundance of Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) because of mangrove play role as habitats of mangrove crabs. The research was conducted for two months from December 2016 to January 2017. This study aims to see the structure of mangrove vegetation, the abundance of Mangrove Crab and the influence of mangrove vegetation structure on the abundance of Mangrove Crab in Kampung Nipah. The results of this research are Vegetation structure of Mangrove in the station I and II show high density, whereas density in station III wide apart. The abundance of mangrove crab in the station I and II showed the higher result from station III. The Influence of Vegetation Structure of Mangrove and Abundance of Mangrove Crab can be related by using regression analysis Y = 0.0241x + 113.6. The correlation coefficient (r) that value obtained as 0.79 have a meaning the connection between mangrove density and abundance of mangrove crab are rated in the strong category that has a value 79%. The density of Mangrove to 1000 units will rise up the abundance of mangrove crab to 43.5 an individual. Tingginya pemanfaatan mangrove sebagai lahan budidaya ikan dan sebagai wisata rekreasi oleh masyarakat sangat mempengaruhi kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) karena hutan mangrove merupakan habitat bagi Kepiting Bakau. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama dua bulan yaitu bulan Desember 2016 sampai Januari 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat struktur vegetasi mangrove, kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau dan pengaruh struktur vegetasi mangrove terhadap kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau di Kampung Nipah. Hasil dari penelitian struktur vegetasi mangrove di stasiun I dan II memiliki kerapatan sangat padat, sedangkaan kerapatan di stasiun III jarang. Kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau di Stasiun I dan II lebih tinggi dari kelimpahan di stasiun III. Pengaruh kerapatan mangrove dan kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau diperoleh persamaan regresi yaitu Y = 43,521 +  0,2061x.  Koefisien korelasi (r) yang diperoleh 0,79 yang artinya hubungan kerapatan mangrove dan kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau tergolong kuat yaitu sebesar 79%. Kerapatan mangrove sebanyak 1000 satuan akan meningkatkan kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau sebesar 43,5 individu.
Pola kemunculan ikan nike (Gobiidae) di Perairan Teluk Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Pasisingi Nuralim , Abdullah Suprapty
Published: April 2021

Nike fish is one of the fish species found in Gorontalo known to belong to the Gobiidae group. Nike is fishing intensively by local fishermen without considered sustainability aspect. Unfortunately, the comprehensive scientific data for the management purposes of nike fish was not yet available. Therefore, this study aims to assess the period of occurrence of nike fish in the Gorontalo Bay as the initiation of providing scientific information that supports sustainable management goal. Sampling was conducted from March to June 2018 using fish net. The results showed that the period of occurrence of nike fish every month starting from the bay area and move toward the estuary. The emergence of nike fish that began in the eastern part of Gorontalo Bay occurred in March, April, and May 2018. While the appearance of nike fish that started from the western area of the bay occurred in June and July 2018. It was concluded that the duration of occurrence of nike fish in the Gorontalo Bay occurs for 3 to 9 days at the end of the lunar phase.Nike merupakan salah satu spesies ikan yang ditemukan di Perairan Gorontalo yang dikenal berasal dari kelompok gobiidae. Kegiatan eksploitasi ikan nike oleh nelayan belum mempertimbangkan aspek kelestariannya di perairan berpotensi mengancam keberlanjutannya di perairan. Data ilmiah dan komprehensif yang dapat dijadikan acuan pengelolaan ikan nike belum tersedia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan periode kemunculan ikan nike di perairan Teluk Gorontalo sebagai inisiasi penyediaan informasi ilmiah yang mendukung arah pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan. Pengambilan sampel ikan di Perairan Teluk Gorontalo dilakukan pada Bulan Maret sampai Juni 2018 dengan menggunakan jaring ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa periode kemunculan ikan nike setiap bulan dimulai dari area teluk dan begerak ke arah muara. Kemunculan ikan nike yang dimulai di perairan Teluk Gorontalo bagian timur terjadi pada bulan Maret, April, dan Mei 2018. Sedangkan kemunculan ikan nike yang dimulai dari area barat teluk terjadi pada bulan Juni dan Juli 2018. Secara keseluruhan, durasi kemunculan ikan nike di perairan Teluk Gorontalo terjadi selama 3 sampai 9 hari di fase bulan akhir menjelang bulan baru.
Niobium nitride plasmonic perfect absorbers for tunable infrared superconducting nanowire photodetection
Authors: Karl Philipp , Mennle Sandra , Ubl Monika , Flad Philipp , Yang Jing-Wei , Peng Tzu-Yu , Lu Yu-Jung , Giessen Harald
Published: April 2021

Quantum technologies such as quantum computing and quantum cryptography exhibit rapid progress. This requires the provision of high-quality photodetectors and the ability to efficiently detect single photons. Hence, conventional avalanche photodiodes for single photon detection are not the first choice anymore. A better alternative are superconducting nanowire single photon detectors, which use the superconducting to normal conductance phase transition. One big challenge is to reduce the product between recovery time and detection efficiency. To address this problem, we enhance the absorption using resonant plasmonic perfect absorber effects, to reach near-100% absorption over small areas. This is aided by the high resonant absorption cross section and the angle insensitivity of plasmonic resonances. In this work we present a superconducting niobium nitride plasmonic perfect absorber structure and use its tunable plasmonic resonance to create a polarization dependent photodetector with near-100% absorption efficiency in the infrared spectral range. Further we fabricated a detector and investigated its response to an external light source. We also demonstrate the resonant plasmonic behavior which manifests itself through a polarization dependence detector response.
High-harmonic-driven inverse Raman scattering
Authors: Mitrofanov A. V. , Rozhko M. V. , Voronin A. A. , Sidorov-Biryukov D. A. , Fedotov A. B. , Zheltikov A. M.
Published: April 2021

Spectral analysis of high-order harmonics generated by ultrashort mid-infrared pulses in molecular nitrogen reveals well-resolved signatures of inverse Raman scattering, showing up near the frequencies of prominent vibrational transitions of nitrogen molecules. When tuned on a resonance with the

v
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=
0
→

v

′
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=
0

pathway within the

B
3

Π

g

→

C
3

Π

u

second positive system of molecular nitrogen, the eleventh harmonic of a 3.9 µm, 80 fs driver is shown to acquire a distinctive antisymmetric spectral profile with red-shifted bright and blue-shifted dark features as indicators of stimulated Raman gain and loss. This high-harmonic setting extends the inverse Raman effect to a vast class of strong-field light–matter interaction scenarios.
Membranous Structures Directly Come in Contact With p62/SQSTM1 Bodies
Authors: Tanida Isei , Haruta Tomohiro , Suga Mitsuo , Takei Shunsuke , Takebe Akira , Furuta Yoko , Yamaguchi Junji , Oliva Trejo Juan Alejandro , Kakuta Soichiro , Uchiyama Yasuo
Published: April 2021

During autophagy, autophagosomes are formed to engulf cytoplasmic contents. p62/SQSTM-1 is an autophagic adaptor protein that forms p62 bodies. A unique feature of p62 bodies is that they seem to directly associate with membranous structures. We first investigated the co-localization of mKate2-p62 bodies with phospholipids using click chemistry with propargyl-choline. Propargyl-choline-labeled phospholipids were detected inside the mKate2-p62 bodies, suggesting that phospholipids were present inside the bodies. To clarify whether or not p62 bodies come in contact with membranous structures directly, we investigated the ultrastructures of p62 bodies using in-resin correlative light and electron microscopy of the Epon-embedded cells expressing mKate2-p62. Fluorescent-positive p62 bodies were detected as uniformly lightly osmificated structures by electron microscopy. Membranous structures were detected on and inside the p62 bodies. In addition, multimembranous structures with rough endoplasmic reticulum–like structures that resembled autophagosomes directly came in contact with amorphous-shaped p62 bodies. These results suggested that p62 bodies are unique structures that can come in contact with membranous structures directly:
Toxic Y chromosome: Increased repeat expression and age-associated heterochromatin loss in male Drosophila with a young Y chromosome
Authors: Nguyen Alison H. , Bachtrog Doris
Published: April 2021

Sex-specific differences in lifespan are prevalent across the tree of life and influenced by heteromorphic sex chromosomes. In species with XY sex chromosomes, females often outlive males. Males and females can differ in their overall repeat content due to the repetitive Y chromosome, and repeats on the Y might lower survival of the heterogametic sex (toxic Y effect). Here, we take advantage of the well-assembled young Y chromosome of Drosophila miranda to study the sex-specific dynamics of chromatin structure and repeat expression during aging in male and female flies. Male D. miranda have about twice as much repetitive DNA compared to females, and live shorter than females. Heterochromatin is crucial for silencing of repetitive elements, yet old D. miranda flies lose H3K9me3 modifications in their pericentromere, with heterochromatin loss being more severe during aging in males than females. Satellite DNA becomes de-repressed more rapidly in old vs. young male flies relative to females. In contrast to what is observed in D. melanogaster, we find that transposable elements (TEs) are expressed at higher levels in male D. miranda throughout their life. We show that epigenetic silencing via heterochromatin formation is ineffective on the TE-rich neo-Y chromosome, presumably due to active transcription of a large number of neo-Y linked genes, resulting in up-regulation of Y-linked TEs already in young males. This is consistent with an interaction between the evolutionary age of the Y chromosome and the genomic effects of aging. Our data support growing evidence that “toxic Y chromosomes” can diminish male fitness and a reduction in heterochromatin can contribute to sex-specific aging.
Tick-borne relapsing fever Borreliosis, a major public health problem overlooked in Senegal
Authors: Ndiaye El Hadji Ibrahima , Diouf Fatou Samba , Ndiaye Mady , Bassene Hubert , Raoult Didier , Sokhna Cheikh , Parola Philippe , Diatta Georges
Published: April 2021

Background

Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is the most common vector-borne bacterial disease in humans in West Africa. It is frequently clinically confused with malaria. Our study aims to determine, on a micro-geographic scale, the conditions for the maintenance and spread of TBRF in the Niakhar district of Senegal.

Methodology/Principal findings

We conducted clinical, entomological and animal reservoir investigations. Field surveys were carried out in order to investigate the presence of Ornithodoros sonrai vector ticks and to detect Borrelia spp. by qPCR using the 16S rRNA and glpQ genes, respectively. Micromammal trapping series were carried out inside homes and Borrelia infection was detected using brain tissue qPCR. Capillary blood samples from febrile patients were also tested for Borrelia using qPCR. More than 97% (40/41) of the villages surveyed were infested with O. sonrai ticks. The prevalence of Borrelia spp. infections in ticks was 13% (116/910), and over 73% (85/116) were positively confirmed as being Borrelia crocidurae. Borreliosis cases accounted for 12% (94/800) of episodes of fever and all age groups were infected, with children and young people between the ages of 8–14 and 22–28 being the most infected by the disease (16% and 18.4%). TBRF cases occurred in all seasons, with a peak in August. In two species of small rodents that were found to be infected (Arvicanthis niloticus, Mus musculus), the proportion of Borrelia infection was 17.5% (10/57), and the highest prevalence of infection (40.9%, 9/22) was observed in A. niloticus.

Conclusion/Significance

Our study indicates that TBRF is an endemic disease in the Niakhar district, where children and young people are the most infected. Arvicanthis niloticus and O. sonrai ticks are massively present and appear to be the main epidemiological reservoirs causing its extensive spread to humans.
Surveillance of densoviruses and mesomycetozoans inhabiting grossly normal tissues of three Aotearoa New Zealand asteroid species
Authors: Hewson Ian , Sewell Mary A.
Published: April 2021

Asteroid wasting events and mass mortality have occurred for over a century. We currently lack a fundamental understanding of the microbial ecology of asteroid disease, with disease investigations hindered by sparse information about the microorganisms associated with grossly normal specimens. We surveilled viruses and protists associated with grossly normal specimens of three asteroid species (Patiriella regularis, Stichaster australis, Coscinasterias muricata) on the North Island / Te Ika-a-Māui, Aotearoa New Zealand, using metagenomes prepared from virus and ribosome-sized material. We discovered several densovirus-like genome fragments in our RNA and DNA metagenomic libraries. Subsequent survey of their prevalence within populations by quantitative PCR (qPCR) demonstrated their occurrence in only a few (13%) specimens (n = 36). Survey of large and small subunit rRNAs in metagenomes revealed the presence of a mesomycete (most closely matching Ichthyosporea sp.). Survey of large subunit prevalence and load by qPCR revealed that it is widely detectable (80%) and present predominately in body wall tissues across all 3 species of asteroid. Our results raise interesting questions about the roles of these microbiome constituents in host ecology and pathogenesis under changing ocean conditions.
An acute dose of intranasal oxytocin rapidly increases maternal communication and maintains maternal care in primiparous postpartum California mice
Authors: Guoynes Caleigh D. , Marler Catherine A.
Published: April 2021

Maternal-offspring communication and care are essential for offspring survival. Oxytocin (OXT) is known for its role in initiation of maternal care, but whether OXT can rapidly influence maternal behavior or ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs; above 50 kHz) has not been examined. To test for rapid effects of OXT, California mouse mothers were administered an acute intranasal (IN) dose of OXT (0.8 IU/kg) or saline followed by a separation test with three phases: habituation with pups in a new testing chamber, separation via a wire mesh, and finally reunion with pups. We measured maternal care, maternal USVs, and pup USVs. In mothers, we primarily observed simple sweep USVs, a short downward sweeping call around 50 kHz, and in pups we only observed pup whines, a long call with multiple harmonics ranging from 20 kHz to 50 kHz. We found that IN OXT rapidly and selectively enhanced the normal increase in maternal simple sweep USVs when mothers had physical access to pups (habituation and reunion), but not when mothers were physically separated from pups. Frequency of mothers’ and pups’ USVs were correlated upon reunion, but IN OXT did not influence this correlation. Finally, mothers given IN OXT showed more efficient pup retrieval/carrying and greater total maternal care upon reunion. Behavioral changes were specific to maternal behaviors (e.g. retrievals) as mothers given IN OXT did not differ from controls in stress-related behaviors (e.g. freezing). Overall, these findings highlight the rapid effects and context-dependent effect a single treatment with IN OXT has on both maternal USV production and offspring care.