bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of episodic memory in causal reasoning with counterfactuals: A perspective from predictive processing and trace minimalism
Authors: Rappe Sofiia , Werning Markus
Published: February 2025

Over the past several years, there has been a shift in the researchers’ thinking about the functional role of episodic memory. Rather than focusing on how memory represents the past, recent literature often presents memory as ultimately dealing with the future–helping the organism to anticipate events and increase its adaptive success. However, the distinct contribution of episodic (as opposed to semantic) memory to future-oriented simulations remains unclear. We claim that episodic memory yields adaptive success because of its crucial role in singular counterfactual causal reasoning, which thus far has been mostly ignored in causal reasoning literature. Our paper presents a causal inference model based on the predictive processing framework and the minimal trace account of episodic memory. According to our model, evaluating the cause of an event involves (i) generating an episodic memory related to the said potential cause, (ii) constructing a counterfactual scenario through inhibition of the relevant part of the past episode, and (iii) temporal evolution followed by alternative model evaluation. We further discuss our approach in the developmental context.
Dynamic adjustment of the eye-voice span and articulation duration in the course of multi-item naming tasks: Evidence for lockout scheduling
Authors: Ziaka Laoura , Protopapas Athanassios
Published: February 2025

Studies of cognitive control using tasks with isolated (single-item) vs. multiple (multi-item) itempresentation have shown that multi-item tasks may be more effective in capturing limitations ofthe cognitive control system arising from capacity constraints. Importantly, during multi-itemtasks, performance decreases but does not collapse, consistent with effective management ofcognitive overload. This has been interpreted by positing a strategic shift from a more parallel toa more serial processing, whereby the processing of the current item is prioritized overupcoming items, termed lockout scheduling. Here, we investigate this proposal by examiningwithin-task modulations of eye-voice span (EVS) measures and articulation duration in multiitem color naming tasks with and without internal interference (i.e., incongruent and neutralStroop conditions). We hypothesized that lockout scheduling would manifest itself acrossmeasures and conditions as the task progresses and cognitive overload emerges. The resultsshowed dynamic changes in both EVS and articulation measures as a function of time-on-task,consistent with the gradual implementation of a lockout scheduling strategy in response toemerging cognitive overload. The observed patterns indicate that the shift from a more parallelto a more serial processing is not an all-or-none phenomenon but a dynamic interplay betweengaze, voice, and covert (i.e., parafoveal) attention, affecting online decisions about spatialdistance, timing, and processing resource allocation.
Analysis of the impact of real estate market and regional characteristics on lease registration order
Authors:   Korea Real Estate Academy, Byun Hyun Sook , Suh Jeong Yeal
Published: February 2025

1. CONTENTS
(1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The purpose is to analyze the impact of real estate market and regional characteristics on the number of leasehold registration orders in order to identify factors affecting the lease accident.
(2) RESEARCH METHOD
The temporal scope for the analysis of this study was based on four years from 2020 to 2023. The spatial scope was 85 cities nationwide, specifically Seoul, six metropolitan cities, Sejong Special Self-Governing City, and 77 autonomous cities. The research analysis method was multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 22 statistical package.
(3) RESEARCH FINDINGS
The analysis results showed that different patterns were observed in 2020-2021, when apartment prices were rising, and in 2022-2023, when apartment prices were falling. The four variables of the ratio of households without a home, financial independence, Gyeonggi-do, and the ratio of multi-family housing units with more than 20% of housing types were significant in all years. Among these, it was analyzed that the number of lease registration orders increased in areas with a high ratio of rowhouses and multi-family housing, and that the standard for the ratio was lowered over time.
2. RESULTS
In order to prevent lease accidents in row house multi-family housing, provision of market price information, introduction of measures to avoid risks such as risk premium when handling related products such as lease deposit return guarantee, establishment of policies and improvement of systems through analysis of related precedents and cases, row house multi-family houses Policy implications such as separate management of contract cases were presented.
Useful plants of the flora of Aktobe region
Authors: Aipeisova S.A. , Utarbaeva N.A. , Kazkeev E.T.
Published: February 2025

In the article the results of long-term studies of useful plants of Aktobe region were presented, which is particularly interesting in terms of the botanical and geographical location. This region is located at the boundary between Europe and Asia. Seven groups of useful plants were identified: forage, medicinal, food, meadow, technical, ornamental, poisonous. According to the results of research, 876 species, which possess certain prop-erties used by humans, have been identified in the region. It constitutes 59.4 % of the total number of flora species in Aktobe region. It was revealed that the largest number of species are presented in the following groups: medicinal plants — 593 species (40.2 %), forage plants — 428 species (29 %), ornamental — 253 spe-cies (17.2 %) of the region’s flora. The smallest group are poisonous plants — 114 species. Many species have complex utility value. The most common species are in Aktobe region, such as: Agropyron cristatum, Bromopsis inermis, Eremopyrum orientale, Festuca valesiaca, Phleum phleoides, Poa pratensis, etc. Agropyron cristatumand Secale sylvestremay be of interest for breeding.
Творче використання полікультурного підходу при викладанні історії в умовах цифровізації освіти
Authors: Акімова Ольга , Гапчук Яна
Published: February 2025

The article explores the author's innovative approach to integrating a multicultural perspective into the teaching of history, particularly within the context of the ongoing digital transformation of education. It delves into the theoretical foundations underlying the application of a multicultural approach in history education for students in general secondary schools, emphasizing the importance of fostering inclusive and globally conscious learning environments. Key factors influencing the adoption of a multicultural approach are identified, including the cultivation of global thinking, the promotion of tolerance, the preparation of students for life in a culturally diverse world, the enrichment of educational experiences, and the enhancement of students' understanding of historical knowledge through diverse perspectives. The study highlights the multicultural dimensions embedded in the content of history textbooks for grades 10-11, showcasing examples of how such content reflects diverse historical narratives and cultural contexts. Additionally, the article identifies and elaborates on effective methods for implementing a multicultural approach in history teaching. These include the use of diverse historical sources to ensure representation, employing comparative analysis to draw connections between cultures, adopting thematic approaches to organize content, utilizing interactive and student-centered teaching methods, and integrating elements of art and literature to provide a richer, interdisciplinary learning experience. This comprehensive exploration underscores the transformative potential of a multicultural approach in history education, particularly in the digital age, where access to varied resources and interactive tools can enhance students' engagement and critical understanding of history. The article concludes with reflections on how these strategies can contribute to the overall development of students as informed, empathetic, and culturally aware global citizens.
Gas-hydrogeochemical indicators of oil and gas potential in the Indigirka area (Eastern Yakutia)
Authors: Chistyakova N. F. , Sivtsev A. I.
Published: February 2025

This study is relevant due to the need for a comprehensive assessment of the gashydrogeochemical characteristics of Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposits in the Indigirka area, based on data collected from exploration wells tested between 1989 and 1990.

The aim of this study is to elucidate the origin of water and gas fluids in MesozoicCenozoic deposits as a result of the catagenetic transformation of organic matter from contemporaneous oil and gas source rocks. 

The various methods were used in this study, including the universal method of geological analysis of the obtained data. 

Key results. Groundwater from Neogene deposits (Kyllakh suite) is classified as sulfatesodium and bicarbonate-sodium types of elision genesis. Groundwater from Paleogene deposits (Darkylakh Suite) is categorized as the bicarbonate-sodium type, while groundwater from Mesozoic deposits (Upper Jurassic – Bastakh Suite) is also classified as the bicarbonate-sodium type. These classifications confirm that Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposits are within catagenesis stage intervals. Water-soluble natural gases are characterized by a "dry" hydrocarbon type in the Darkylakh suite and a "fatty" type in the Bastakh suite. This indicates that the clayey rocks of the Mesozoic deposits could serve as potential oil and gas source rocks. 

The presence of elision genesis waters, along with the qualitative and quantitative composition of WSNGs, reflects the initial stage of hydrocarbon potential realization in Upper Jurassic deposits and the potential for forming oil reservoirs in Mesozoic deposits if suitable natural reservoirs exist and are sealed by fluid traps. 

The results can be used for evaluating the oil and gas potential of Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposits in the Indigirka area (Eastern Yakutia).
Plaque shift to the brachiocephalic artery after subclavian artery stenting: illustrative case
Authors: Fukumori Junji , Fukutome Kenji , Aketa Shuta , Shiraishi Yuki , Shimotsuma Atsuko , Matsuoka Ryuta , Tei Rinsei , Shin Yasushi , Motoyama Yasushi
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Subclavian artery stenosis (SAS) has a prevalence of 1.9% in the general United States population. Revascularization, often by stenting, is indicated for symptomatic patients. Plaque shift (PS) is a well-known poststenting complication in coronary interventions but has not been reported in subclavian artery (SA) stenting. This case report documents the occurrence of PS after stenting for SAS, highlighting a rare but significant complication.

OBSERVATIONS

An 87-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and dyslipidemia presented with right upper-limb pain and fatigue. Imaging confirmed stenosis with calcified plaque at the origin of the right SA. Following endovascular stenting under local anesthesia, imaging revealed PS to the brachiocephalic artery (BA). To prevent migration into the common carotid artery (CCA), a dual-layer stent was placed from the CCA to the BA. The patient’s symptoms resolved, and follow-up confirmed successful plaque stabilization without restenosis 1 year postprocedure.

LESSONS

Even apparently hard SA plaque with calcification can result in PS with stenting. When PS occurs, prompt stenting can prevent cerebral embolism.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24760
Surgical findings and precautions for removing cement that leaked into the spinal canal due to balloon kyphoplasty: illustrative cases
Authors: Noma Michita , Takeshita Yujiro , Saiki Fumiko , Sekimizu Masaya , Nakayama Yuta , Onodera Ryoko , Haseyama Motohiro , Miwa Satoshi , Oshima Yasushi , Miyoshi Kota
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) is a widely utilized procedure for osteoporotic and metastatic vertebral fractures. However, cement leakage into the spinal canal is a serious complication that can result in neurological deficits, requiring timely and precise surgical intervention.

OBSERVATIONS

This report presents two illustrative cases of BKP-related cement leakage. The first case involved a 52-year-old man with a metastatic L3 fracture, in which cement leaked into the spinal canal. Surgical intervention included L2 and L3 laminectomy, resulting in successful cement removal without neurological deficits. The second case involved an 86-year-old man with an L5 osteoporotic burst fracture and cement leakage into the right lateral recess space, causing a unilateral drop foot. An L5 laminectomy performed 3 days later enabled cement removal, although neurological recovery was incomplete, possibly because of nerve compression or thermal injury. In both cases, the cement was brittle and nonadherent to the dura mater, facilitating safe removal.

LESSONS

Evaluating cement leakage after cement injection is essential to avoid oversights. Comprehensive preoperative imaging and meticulous planning are crucial due to the variability in cement leakage patterns. Surgical indications and timing require careful consideration, as cement leakage might be asymptomatic in some cases but result in irreversible damage if untreated.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24796
FACET METHOD OF IMAGE TRANSFORMATION BY MEANS OF NEURAL NETWORK RECOGNITION
Authors: MAZURETS O , SKRYPNYK T , IZOTOV A ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: February 2025

The method of facet image conversion is a software resizing of the input image and is intended for use in the process of image recognition. Based on the developed facet method for image transformation, an application was created for neural network image recognition after processing by the developed method. To investigate the efficiency of the facet image conversion method, the results of the image recognition were compared before and after the facet image convolution. The developed facet image convolution information technology uses the facet image conversion method and allows the image to be recognized before scaling and after scaling using the perceptron neural network. There are two main components of information technology: facet image convolution and neural network image recognition. In the first stage, the image is processed by the facet method. First, an image dimension analysis is performed and a square is determined depending on the size of the input image, and then the dimension for the facet convolution is adjusted, if necessary. Necessity is determined by the ability to divide the image into squares. The next step is to set how noisy the image is, or vice versa. The next step is to recursively determine the affiliation of the pixel image to the original image, after which the intermediate material proceeds to the next stage of image recognition by the neural network. Researches have shown that the facet image conversion method allows to convert images in such a way as to increase the efficiency of further recognition. Thus, in comparison with the success of recognition of raw images, for noisy images the efficiency increases on average from 36.17% to 94.53%, and for the outline and segmented images the recognition efficiency increases on average from 52.93% to 88.16%.
DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT FOR FORMATION INTELLECTUAL PROCESSING OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
Authors: Mikhalevskyi Vitalyi , Mikhalevska Galyna ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: February 2025

In the article the components of technological basis of information and communication systems and the basic processes of its improvement are proposed and researched in general terms. The interaction between the user and Web service is monitored (information services, which are provided to users through Web technologies). Today, the evolution of the creation and formation of a multidimensional information communication environment is a determining factor for the innovative development and efficient functioning of all structures and social systems of the information society. Precisely by the communication sphere, that is transformed in the context of global information opportunities, the free access to knowledge, connections between people and communities, the accumulation, dissemination and enrichment of social experience are ensured. Today there is an active formation of a single global world economic, legal, information space to ensure the free and efficient business activity of all entities in the Internet. The world information space includes a system of services (services), the most important of which are: 1) Computing Services (Data / Computation Services) – means of placing data and their transportation between applications, access to computing and network resources; 2) Information Services – means of submission, processing, storage and access to information; 3) Knowledge Services – means of accumulation, submission, restoration, publication, search and processing of knowledge. Various institutional structures on the Internet create their own information models through the Website, creating certain information and economic spaces by means of intellectualized software (multiagent systems or software agents as agents of economic activity) in the global electronic environment or object-oriented software (site, portal, e-mail box, etc.). It is the Web server, a kind of business card of an enterprise that represents a set of interconnected Web pages, presents the company and its services. The homepage of the company website tells you about the history of the company, its profile, projects, products / services, business partnerships, etc., namely, general information about what the organization provides and what offers. This page often has links to portals (multifunctional sites) of e-markets or e-shops, which are the entry points to the global network of all participants of the business process, as well as a place for placing electronic catalogs of goods, services, transaction management, logistics processes, payments etc. Today, Web2 and Web3 technologies are replacing Web technologies. They are based on social networks, a collaborative effort to develop information resources. Corporate blogs, Wiki encyclopedias and others are based on these new technologies.
CAVITATION-EROSION WEAR RESISTANCE OF STRUCTURAL STEELS NITRIDED IN A GLOW DISCHARGE
Authors: Skyba M , Stechyshyn M , LIUKHOVETS V , Stechyshyna N , Lukianiuk M ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: February 2025

Cavitation and erosion resistance of structural steels in corrosion-active environments is determined by the physicochemical characteristics of their surfaces. Therefore, surface hardening methods are widely used to increase the cavitation resistance of steels. One of the methods of increasing the cavitation-erosion resistance is the method of anhydrous nitriding in glow discharge (BATR), which in addition to the effective protection of surfaces is environmentally friendly and due to the lack of hydrogen in the saturated gas mixture significantly improves the safety of operation of the plants for the closure of nitrogen. A scientifically sound approach to solving the problem of increasing the reliability and durability of equipment parts subject to cavitation-erosion wear is only possible taking into account the specificity of the destruction of surface layers in corrosive environments. On the basis of the fatigue-electrochemical theory of corrosion-mechanical wear and the structural-energy theory of cavitation fracture of metals, the effect of anhydrous nitriding in a glow discharge (BATR) on the cavitation-erosion wear resistance of structural steels 20, 45, 40X and 38KhMYuA in corrosive media is studied electrolytes.
APPLICATION OF A GENETIC ALGORITHM TO SEARCH FOR THE OPTIMAL CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE WITH WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, RADIUK P.
Published: February 2025

In the past decade, a new way in neural networks research called Network architectures search has demonstrated noticeable results in the design of architectures for image segmentation and classification. Despite the considerable success of the architecture search in image segmentation and classification, it is still an unresolved and urgent problem. Moreover, the neural architecture search is also a highly computationally expensive task. This work proposes a new approach based on a genetic algorithm to search for the optimal convolutional neural network architecture. We integrated a genetic algorithm with standard stochastic gradient descent that implements weight distribution across all architecture solutions. This approach utilises a genetic algorithm to design a sub-graph of a convolution cell, which maximises the accuracy on the validation set. We show the performance of our approach on the CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets with a final accuracy of 93.21% and 78.89%, respectively. The main scientific contribution of our work is the combination of genetic algorithm with weight distribution in the architecture search tasks that achieve similar to state-of-the-art results on a single GPU.
PENGARUH KINERJA LINGKUNGAN, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI
Authors: Sukarji Ananda Putra Ardiansah , Rosadi Samsul
Published: February 2025

Pada era digital yang serba cepat, penyebaran informasi melalui internet dan media sosial memiliki dampak yang luas terhadap masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh kinerja lingkungan, tata kelola perusahaan (corporate governance), dan profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan, dengan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2016-2020. Dari populasi tersebut, dipilih 23 perusahaan sebagai sampel berdasarkan kriteria yang ditetapkan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda dengan data panel untuk menganalisis hubungan antar variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap CSR dan nilai perusahaan. Ini menandakan bahwa perusahaan yang memiliki profitabilitas lebih tinggi cenderung lebih mampu menjalankan program CSR dengan kualitas yang lebih baik. Di sisi lain, kinerja lingkungan dan tata kelola perusahaan tidak terbukti memengaruhi nilai perusahaan melalui CSR sebagai variabel mediasi. Temuan ini menyiratkan bahwa meskipun CSR dapat berkontribusi terhadap reputasi perusahaan, faktor-faktor keuangan seperti profitabilitas lebih dominan dalam menentukan nilai perusahaan di pasar. Dengan demikian, perusahaan perlu lebih memperhatikan aspek finansial selain upaya CSR untuk meningkatkan daya tariknya di mata investor.
БИОАЛУАНТҮРЛІКТІ ЗЕРТТЕУ НӘТИЖЕСІН ТҰРАҚТЫ ДАМУ МҮДДЕСІНДЕ ОҚУ ҮДЕРІСІНЕ КІРІКТІРУ
Authors: Аманбаева М.Б. , Майматаева А.Д. , Есентурова С.А. , Станкевич П.В.
Published: February 2025

Мақалада биоалуантүрлікті зерттеу нәтижесін тұрақты даму мүддесінде оқу үдерісіне кіріктірудің әдістемелік негіздері туралы мәліметтер қарастырылады. Оқу іс-әрекетін ұйымдастыру кезінде алдымен биолог студенттерді іс-әрекетке ынталандыру үшін жағдай жасау қажет. Ол үшін биолог студенттердің танымдық қызығушылықтарын қалыптастырамыз, олардың мотивациялық қабілеттерін арттырамыз. Болашақ биология мұғалімдерін даярлау үдерісінде биоалуантүрлікті зерттеу нәтижесін тұрақты даму мүддесінде оқу үдерісіне кіріктірудің әдістемелік негіздемесінің кезеңдеріне талдау жасалды. Аталған әдістемелік негіздеменің кезеңдері: оқу үдерісінде жүзеге асыру, оқу үдерісінде жүзеге асыру, нәтижені коррекция жасау кезеңдерінің тиімділігіне сипаттама берілді. Мақаланың мазмұнында биологиялық білім берудің ғылыми-теориялық негіздері мен дамуы және жоғары білім беру салаларындағы тұрақты даму мүдделерінің қазіргі жай-күйі талданады. Осы мәселе бойынша ғылыми еңбектерді талдау негізінде студенттерге жүргізілген сауалнама нәтижелері талданды, тұрақты даму мүддесінде білім беру туралы қорытынды жасалды және білім беру мазмұнын одан әрі жетілдіру бойынша ұсыныстар берілді. «Омыртқасыздар зоологиясы» курсының мазмұны омыртқасыз жануарлардың биоалуантүрлілігін зерттеу нәтижесін қосымша мәліметтермен толықтырылды және тұрақты даму мүддесінде оқу үдерісіне кіріктірудің әдістемелік негіздерін ұсыну басты назарымыз ретінде қарастырдық.  Осы әдістемелік негіздемені пән мазмұнына кіріктіру барысында белсенді оқыту әдістерді пайдаланылды. Қазіргі білім беру үдерісінде белсенді оқыту әдісін мақсатына байланысты нұсқау беру жəне айту, көрсету жəне моделдеу, түсіндіру жəне сипаттау, зерделеу жəне зерттеу, бекіту жəне қолданысқа енгізу, рефлексия жəне бағамдау, қорытынды шығару жəне есте сақтау кезеңдерне жіктелді. Студенттердің биоалуантүрлілікті зерттеу нәтижесін тұрақты даму мүддесінде оқу үдерісіне кіріктірудің әдістемелік негіздеменің тиiмдiлiгiн тұжыpымдaлды.
МЕКТЕП ОҚУШЫЛАРЫНЫҢ ЭТНОБОТАНИКАЛЫҚ БІЛІМДІ СЫНЫПТАН ТЫС ОҚЫТУ АРҚЫЛЫ ҒЫЛЫМИ ТАНЫМДЫЛЫҒЫН ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУ ЖОЛДАРЫ
Authors: Ерденов М.
Published: February 2025

Қазіргі заманда ғылымның маңыздылығы туралы ақпаратты жете түсіне білу кез келген мектеп оқушының қолынан келе бермейді. Осы себепті, мектеп оқушыларына этноботаниканы сыныптан тыс оқыту арқылы ғылыми білімдерін үнемі дамытып, алған білімдерін практикалық іс-әрекетте қолдана білуге үйрету өзекті мәселе.
Бұл мақалада мектеп оқушыларына биологиялық білім беру үдрісінде сыныптан тыс жұмыс жүргізе отырып, энтоботаникалық танымын қалыптастыру жолдары қарастырылған. Ғылыми зерттеу барысында мектеп оқушыларына сыныптан тыс жұмыстар кезеңінде этноботаника тақырыбы аясында танымжорық арқылы білімдерін кеңейтіп, есте сақтау қабілеттері, байқағыштығы дамытуда, табиғатқа қамқорлық жасау сезімдері оятуда баскет-әдісі, жағдаяттық сұрақтарға сыни ойлау әдісі, топтық жұмыстар, гербаризация әдісі, конференциялар және т.б әдістері ғылыми білімді нығайту үшін қолданылды. Ғылыми зерттеулер жүргізу барысында педагогикалық эксперимент ұйымдастырылды. Кіріспе бақылауы алынып,оқушылардың білім деңгейлері анықталынды. Оқушылар баскет әдісі арқылы коммуникативтік дағдылары дамыды, танымдық қабілеті артты, ғылымитанымдылығы қалыптасты және өсімдіктердің адам өмірінде маңызын ұғынды. Қолданылған әдістерінің көмегімен 6 сынып оқушының ішінен 82% жоғары деңгейде, 18% орта деңгейде білім көрсеткішінің нәтижесі анықталды. Нәтижесінде оқушылардың этноботаникалық ғылымына қызығушылығы 20 % артты. Ғылыми зерттеулер нәтижелерінде баскет әдісін болашақта мұғалімдердің оқушыларға биологиялық білім беруде әдістемелік нұсқаулық ретінде теориялық негіз бола алады.
Addressing temporally constrained Delivery Problems with the Swarm Intelligence approach
Authors: Badaloni Silvana  , Falda Marco  , Sambo Francesco  , Zanini Leonardo
Published: February 2025

We present an application of Ant Colony Optimization metaheuristic to the Pick-up and Delivery Problem with Time Windows (PDPTW), a variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) with additional constraints on pairs of source-destination nodes.
Translating the New Old-World into the New New-World
Authors: Bowman Ian
Published: February 2025

Introduction; The Historical Context for Naenae; Council Initiatives; An Alternative Strategy; Conclusions; Notes
Dalle de Verre: Modern Stained Glass
Authors: Chou Flora
Published: February 2025

History; Fabrication; Deterioration; Conservation; References
Fixed-Parameter Tractability
Authors: Samer Marko  , Szeider Stefan
Published: February 2025

Parameterized complexity is a new theoretical framework that considers, in addition to the overall input size, the effects on computational complexity of a secondary measurement, the parameter. This two-dimensional viewpoint allows a fine-grained complexity analysis that takes structural properties of problem instances into account. The central notion is “fixed-parameter tractability” which refers to solvability in polynomial time for each fixed value of the parameter such that the order of the polynomial time bound is independent of the parameter. This chapter presents main concepts and recent results on the parameterized complexity of the satisfiability problem and it outlines fundamental algorithmic ideas that arise in this context. Among the parameters considered are the size of backdoor sets with respect to various tractable base classes and the treewidth of graph representations of satisfiability instances.
Thermal remote sensing imagery in permafrost studies
Authors: Van De Kerchove R.  , Goossens R.  , De Wulf A.  , Bourgeois J.  , Gheyle W.
Published: February 2025

Mountain permafrost modelling in remote, continental mountain ranges (e.g. Russian Altai Mountains) holds several difficulties due to the limitations these environments pose. The lack of meteorological input data and impossibilities for BTS-validations (Bottom Temperatures of winter Snow cover) makes conventional modelling strategies inapplicable. Statistical methods, however, based on correlation coefficients between different parameters, offers good alternative but requires lots of observations to be significant. As a solution, spatially covering land surface temperature (LST) values might be used as a proxy replacing the interpolated air and near ground surface temperatures. This article proposes 2 strategies, one statistical and one adapted TTOP (temperature at the top of permafrost), based on remote sensing data and ground measurements. Although these methods seem promising, they require a detailed understanding of the relation between LST and the air and near ground surface temperature. Therefore, before installing field equipment, we compared filtered MODIS LST time-series with corresponding ground temperature measurements recorded by Sergei Marchenko (Geophysical institute of Alaska, Fairbanks) in the Ulandryk Valley. Despite the cloudy conditions of this test site, a good correlation is showed between both time-series.
Towards a Future Internet: Node Collaboration for Autonomic Communication
Authors: Zseby Tanja  , Hirsch Thomas  , Kleis Michael  , Popescu-Zeletin Radu
Published: February 2025

The Internet today is a complex agglomerate of protocols that inherits the grown legacies of decades of patchwork solutions. Network management costs explode. Security problems are more pressing than ever, as organized crime discovers its value. The application and user demands on the Internet are increasing with mobile technologies and media content on the rise, all the while the number of participating nodes is equally boosting. As a direct consequence the recently triggered research on concepts for the future Internet has to cope with a high complexity at network layer and significance in mission critical service infrastructures of society. As part of this effort, the research field of autonomic communication (AC) aims at network self-management and self-protection, following the autonomic computing paradigm invented by IBM. We argue that the collaboration of network nodes provides a valuable way to address the corresponding challenges. After an in-depth analysis of the problem space, we outline in this paper the advantages and challenges of collaboration strategies in deployment. We present the Node Collaboration System (NCS) developed at Fraunhofer FOKUS for the experimental investigation of collaboration strategies and show how the system can be used in a simple setting for network self-protection.
Multi-level SLAs for Harmonized Management in the Future Internet
Authors: Theilmann Wolfgang  , Baresi Luciano
Published: February 2025

The Future Internet is about to fundamentally change social and economic interactions at a global scale. The integrated access to people, media, services, and things will enable new styles of interaction at unprecedented scale, flexibility, and quality. However, this also calls for a well-defined and sound approach for management and governance that allows for clear harmonization and translation of issues across domains and layers. This paper presents a proposal that aims to blend management and governance issues at business, software, infrastructure, and network level, and introduces a multi-level SLA management approach to bridge these issues across different layers. It also sketches some insights on management and governance practise and requirements in various industrial domains.
IMS Service Broker Feasibility Study in 3GPP Release 8 (Industrial Report)
Authors: Lin Fuchun Joseph  , Morera Raquel
Published: February 2025

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is the wireless standards development organization setting the standards for evolving mobile broadband beyond the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is an architectural framework standardized by the 3GPP for delivering IP multimedia services based on the IETF Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). As the integration of multiple IP multimedia applications via resolving their interactions is an important requirement for the IMS, the 3GPP Services and System Aspects Working Group 2 (SA2) launched a feasibility study on enhancing IMS for better service interaction management in Release 8. This paper reports some important results of this feasibility study from 2006 to 2008 under 3GPP TR 23.810. It describes an incremental enhancement to IMS service control to enable dynamic service interaction management. Several examples we contributed to TR 23.810 are presented in this report to illustrate the ideas. Finally, the report points out open issues for further research in this area.
Data fusion technique for predicting shear strength and stress history from piezocone penetration tests
Authors: Kurup P.U.  , Griffin E.P.
Published: February 2025

Existing methods used to infer soil properties from piezocone penetration test (PCPT) data are not always reliable due to the complexity of cone penetration. This study examines the feasibility of training an artificial neural network (ANN)-based data fusion model to estimate soil properties, including overconsolidation ratio (OCR), coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (Ko), and undrained shear strength (su), directly from multiple piezocone penetrometer sensor measurements. Additional features were created by mathematically combining the PCPT measurements in a manner consistent with the work of previous researchers in an attempt to improve the performance of the trained data fusion model. Overall, the values of OCR, Ko, and supredicted by the data fusion models were found to compare very well with the reference values and to be generally more reliable than the results of the current interpretation methods.
The effect of natural factors on bearing capacity of sands
Authors: Mets M.  , Ruben T.
Published: February 2025

The is a ruling principle in geotechnics that the bearing capacity of sands depends on its density and structure is incorrect.
Combined load testing of piles
Authors: el-Geneidy A.M.
Published: February 2025

Although, in practice, piles are often subjected to a combination of both vertical and lateral loads, only few experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the behavior of piles under this combined case of loading. A rare case combined load testing is presented and compared with a three-dimensional numerical model to prove the importance of studying the combined effect of loading in the analysis of piles, and the need for specificastions and reference codes to judge their combined behavior.
Analysis of pile load-settlement data
Authors: Dewaikar D.M.
Published: February 2025

Several methods are available for the estimation of ultimate pile capacity from the load-settlement data of a pile. In some cases, it is difficult and also time consuming to conduct the pile load test up to failure (especially for rock socketed piles). Therefore, for the estimation of pile capacity, load-settlement data collected from the field is required to be extrapolated. This paper presents a method of extrapolation to predict the complete load-settlement behavior of a pile upto failure so as to estimate its ultimate capacity. Gregory Newton interpolation formula and difference table are used for the extrapolation purpose. Forty cases of rock socketd pile load-settlement data are analyzed with the proposed extrapolation method. From the estimated ultimate load, the allowable load is computed as per IS 14593 (1998) and compared with the adopted design load. The extrapolated load-settlement curves show a fairly good comparison with the field data.
Numerical analysis of piled raft foundation in sandy and clayey soils
Authors: Oh E.Y.N.  , Lin D.G.  , Bui Q.M.  , Huang M.  , Surarak C.  , Balasubramaniam A.S.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents 2-D and 3-D numerical analysis of un-piled raft and piled raft foundation on two different soil conditions. The numerical analysis was carried out in two case studies with three typical load intensities of the serviceability load. The first case study investigates the raft-pile-soil interaction in sandy soil. The second case study examines the raft-pile-soil interaction in soft clay. Finally, the behaviours of piled raft foundation in two different case studies are assessed and conclusions are made.
Soil-structure interactions analysis for vertical and lateral loaded pile foundations
Authors: Hussien M.N.  , Tobita T.  , Iai S.  , Rollins K.M.  , Ramadan E.H.
Published: February 2025

The effect of vertical loads on the lateral response of group pile is studied on the basis of soil-pile interaction nature. Coupled soil-pile system is idealized through two dimensional finite elements with soil models idealized by multiple shear mechanism of hyperbolic type. The developed numerical model has been verified by comparing the results with full scale pile group test results. Through comparative studies, it has been found that for a single pile and at a given lateral load, the lateral deflection decreases with the combination of vertical load. For the group pile, the vertical load effect depends basically on pile position and pile spacing to diameter ratio.
Earth pressure acting on single driven piles in sand
Authors: Sabry M.  , Hanna A.
Published: February 2025

Earth pressure is playing a paramount role in estimating the capacity of piles driven in sand. In the literature, reports can be found introducing simplifying assumptions to estimate the earth pressure acting on the pile's shaft. Empirical formulas were developed based on limited laboratory or field test data, where high discrepancies were reported.
Crushability of Granular Materials at High Stress Levels
Authors: Di Emidio G.  , Verástegui Flores R.D.  , Van Impe W.F.
Published: February 2025

The crushability of artificial and natural granular materials has been analyzed using one-dimensional strain-controlled compression tests and standard oedometer tests at high stress levels to study the effect on the breakage of a number of parameters such as: grain mineralogy, grain size, uniformity coefficient, strain rate and loading time. Measuring the breakage factor at different stages of compression, it was demonstrated that the crushing started before reaching the point of maximum curvature (yield point) in the compressibility curve. Beyond yielding the crushing increased abruptly. Among the natural materials analyzed, the lowest yield stress value occurs in the carbonate sand, and the highest in the silica sand. We found that the breakage increases with increasing size of the grains. Coarse uniform samples showed higher breakage than uniform fine samples and well-graded samples. The breakage increased with decreasing strain rate or increasing load application time. For natural soils it is difficult to study separately the influence of isolated parameters on the breakage. The study of homogeneous artificial materials facilitated this analysis.
Static load capacity of RCC piles in soft clay – a case study
Authors: Yasin S.J.M.  , Alam M.J.  , Islam M.S.  , Siddique A.
Published: February 2025

Pile foundations are usually adopted when individual column loads are relatively large and footings are not suitable due to high compressibility or low bearing capacity of upper soil layers. Such soft soil conditions exist to a great depth at a large part of Bangladesh, an alluvial delta, where pile foundations are adopted even for two/three storey buildings. Since installation of cast-in-situ bored piles can be made by locally available low cost equipment, they are popular in Bangladesh, though their installations in soft clays are prone to defects. In many instances SPT and soil-profile appear to be the only available sub-soil information for the design of such foundations. As an aid to deal with such situations, this paper presents a case-study, based on static pile load test data on cast-in-situ bored RCC piles in soft clay, in which it is attempted to correlate ultimate pile load capacity from static load tests with estimated capacity using SPT-N value. Also a comparison has been made between the load capacity of cast-in-situ bored pile and driven pile in the same soil.
The experimental determination of the angle of dilatancy in soils
Authors: Maranha J.R.  , Maranha das Neves E.
Published: February 2025

The effective shear strength of overconsolidated soils (OCR≥3) without cementation among particles or aggregates of particles is frequently described in terms of the cohesion and the angle of internal friction. An alternative, that is more consistent with the physical behaviour of these materials when sheared (a frictional behaviour) and which is strictly related to the volumetric strains, makes use of the angle of dilatancy and the effective angle of friction.
Development and preliminary investigation for a resilient modulus prediction model of sub-ballast and subgrade materials
Authors: Park C.S.  , Choi C.Y.  , Kim H.S.  , Mok Y.J.
Published: February 2025

An alternative method for resilient modulus evaluation was developed using nonlinear dynamic stiffness, which can be measured by in-situ and laboratory seismic techniques. The resilient modulus prediction model was verified by comparing the calculated and measured vertical displacements during train passages. The proposed model performs well and maintains its consistency as well because of its dependency on well developed seismic measurement techniques.
A comparison between monitoring and analysis of Taleghan rockfill dam during construction
Authors: Haeri S.M.  , Faghihi D.
Published: February 2025

The construction of 103 m high Taleghan rockfill dam in Iran has recently been completed and reservoir impounding has also recently been started. The behavior of different sections of the dam have been monitored during construction using various devices such as settlement gauges, earth pressure cells and pore pressure piezometers. A comprehensive finite element study has been implemented in this regard as well to study the behavior of Taleghan rockfill dam during construction with consideration of unsaturated behavior of the materials of the dam. A 2D coupled analysis was performed using ABAQUS software. The behavior of the materials of the core and rockfill were assumed to follow Modified Drucker-Prager/Cap and Modified Drucker-Prager respectively. Shear and volumetric plastic strains and stresses, displacements and pore pressure in different parts of the dam obtained from the analysis are compared with the stresses, displacements and pore pressures measured by monitoring devices. Two important aspects of the geomechanical behavior of the dam during construction namely arching effect and pore pressure ratio (ru) both theoretically using FE analysis and experimentally using measured values are addressed in this paper as well.
Confortement d'un silo de ciment par des pieux vibro-battus dans le port de Douala
Authors: Depardon F.  , Mazaré B.  , Charles B.
Published: February 2025

Lors du premier remplissage d'un nouveau silo de stockage de ciment dans la zone portuaire de DOUALA, Cameroun, des tassements importants absolus et différentiels ont été observés au niveau de la longrine support du voile métallique périphérique, du côté le plus proche des berges du fleuve Le Wouri. La valeur maximum de ces tassements a atteint lors de ce chargement 140 mm sur la longrine et environ 320 mm dans le fond du silo. Cette longrine en béton armée est fondée sur pieux forés en béton de 30 mètres de profondeur dans un site portuaire constitué par des sols sableux compressibles et liquéfiables.
Foundation of a coal/coke stockyard on soft soil with geotextile encased columns and horizontal reinforcement
Authors: Alexiew Dimiter  , Moormann Christian  , Jud Holger
Published: February 2025

ThyssenKrupp Steel (TKCSA) is building a steel plant in the lowlands at the Brazilian seashore near Sepetiba inclusive of a stock yard for coal/coke. The total stockyard area is ca. 800 m x 600 m, the coal/coke part ca. 800 m x 350 m. The entire area consists of soft soils of very low bearing capacity; the ground water level is just below the surface. The thickness of soft soil clay layers varies between ca. 15 and 20 meters, being underlayed by sands and rock. Beside the stockpiles of ca. 13 m height, the coal/coke stockyards also include runways for the so called stacker/reclaimers similar to the heavy equipment in open mining. A deep foundation and/or soft soil improvement for the stockyard had to meet different and to some extent controversial requirements in the terms of settlement, bearing behavior, general deformability/ductility, costs for construction and later maintenance and in terms of construction time. Stiff piles were risky because of their brittle behavior and at the same time huge lateral stresses in the soft soil below the stock. The optimum solution found was a foundation of the runways on geotextile encased columns (GEC) in combination with horizontal high-strength geosynthetic reinforcement over the whole area. The main idea of GEC is to create a vertical pile-similar element consisting (usually) of compacted sand and a confining high-strength high-modular geotextile encasement providing bearing capacity and reducing compressibility. The high-strength horizontal geosynthetic reinforcement increases the overall stability of the system and reduces lateral pressures and horizontal displacements of the sensitive runways. Project-specific conditions in terms of geotechnical situation, loads, geometries and specific requirements to be met are described. The most important design concepts and results are shortly explained and the final optimized solution presented.
Improvement of soft peaty clays with different configurations of geosynthetic electrodes
Authors: Kulathilaka S.A.S.
Published: February 2025

Laboratory investigations had been conducted at University of Moratuwa over last six years to study the possibility of the use of Electro-osmotic consolidation process to improve the soft peaty clays. The use of perforated stainless steel electrodes did not produced desired results due to corrosion of the electrodes. The use of the electrodes made of non corroding geosynthetics made it possible to apply the electro-osmosis process to peaty clays with polarity reversals and with increasing voltage gradients. This paper presents results of such a series of tests where different electrode configurations were tried out. Considerable improvement in strength and stiffness were achieved in peats of water content around 300%. When the water content was much higher around 600%, the process was not so effective. The power consumptions for the process was well within the economically viable limits.