bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lexical Innovation through Swahilisation of English Lexicon in Online Advertisements
Authors: Mapunda Gastor , Ilonga Emmanuel
Published: July 2022

Morpho-phonological nativisation and syntactic applications of Kiswahili loanwords appear throughout telecommunication businesses’ advertisements, as can be collected from such companies’ Facebook pages. Word-by-word and line-by-line coding and analysis reveal a richness in the borrowing process and its implications for the contemporary Kiswahili lexicon. Apparently, nouns are more inclined to be borrowed than words from other grammatical categories, with loanwords from English expanding the meaning of items, and in some cases substituting those items in the lexicon of the receiving language. Phonologically, accommodation of loanwords includes syllabic adjustments, vowel addition, consonant assimilation, and consonant deletion – these and other linguistic strategies play an important role in the nativisation process of ubiquitous items in the online vocabulary familiar to users of the world wide web. Syntactically, loanwords appear in interrogatives, conditionals, and imperatives, as well as in non-sentential constructions. In turn, these borrowings constitute a significant portion of the ongoing nativisation processes that contribute to the future of the Kiswahili lexicon.
Accumulation Tendencies and the Trajectory of the Cooperative Movement in Tanzania
Authors: Mugisha Lucius R.
Published: July 2022

The ways in which accumulation tendencies have shaped the cooperative movement in Tanzania are not very clear. I show that conditions for the vibrancy, decline and revival of the cooperative movement have been shaped by the process of accumulation by dispossession, which is arguably Tanzania’s key socio-economic feature since colonialism. Within this process, co-operators are moulded into subjects – who readily internalize, modify, or abandon, certain cooperative thoughts and practices – through techniques which Foucault sums up as governmentality. Thus, in the early years of Tanzania’s cooperative movement, the vibrancy of Agricultural Crop Marketing Cooperatives was consistent with moulding co-operators to enhance crop production in order to facilitate (post)colonial accumulation through cash crop production. Likewise, since the 1980s the decline of these sorts of collective has been commensurate with the emerging vibrancy of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies, a trend which is consistent with generalized accumulation under neoliberalism. This development can be illustrated as featuring a shift of emphasis from cash-crop production to marketization of whatever can be exchanged, including money.
The Bidirectional Construction of Institution-Identification and the Formation of Local Christian Churches in China
Authors: Huang Haibo
Published: July 2022

The organizational history of Zhabei Church over its one hundred years is a tale of universal Christianity evolving its local form through the bidirectional construction of institution-identification in Chinese society. In this process, its core Biblical theological principles and basic modes of worship have maintained a high degree of stability, but its affiliation, organizational structure, and operational mode have undergone significant changes. Study of the sociology of the evolution of Zhabei Church reveals a bidirectional construction process of institution-identification, which is different from simple transplantation of the Western Christian model and not directly affected by conflict-adaptation logic. This kind of bidirectional construction has become the driving force for the development of Zhabei Church and has thus produced a new form of local church, which roots Chinese Christianity deeply in China’s local socio-cultural network and has transformed her “Christian capital” into a resource for social and cultural identification.
A Struggle for Legitimacy: Christian Virgins in China from the Late Ming Dynasty to 1860
Authors: Li Yiyuchi
Published: July 2022

Christian virgins were frequently targeted in official crackdowns by Ming and Qing governments on church activities, during which officials taking a Confucianist stance placed pressure on Christian virgins by scandalizing and criminalizing their motivations for practicing celibacy as their refusal to marry was regarded as a violation of Confucian morals. The legitimacy of Christian virgins depended on whether they were able to portray themselves as an “acceptable” type of celibate women within the Confucian patriarchal framework and the legal system of the Ming and Qing governments. During their interactions with the authorities, Christian virgins invoked pre-existing categories of chaste women that were accepted in the Confucian discourse on family order, such as “virgin widows” and “filial virgins,” to justify their way of life against attempts to criminalize their behavior. They also reaffirmed their affiliation to their patriarchal families through their everyday activities, constructing a positive self-image of themselves in stark contrast to the negative image presented by the anti-Christian literati. By adopting this strategy, they were more able to avoid external interference from the government in their religious life while remaining under the patronage of their natal family; however, the protection of their patriarchal family lost its efficacy once their acts were perceived as a direct political threat.
Catholicism in the Late Ming Dynasty and Ledgers of Merit and Demerit from the Perspective of Weber’s Sociology of Religion
Authors: Shao Tiefeng
Published: July 2022

According to Weber’s sociology of religion, Catholic moral book-keeping exhibits a tendency to offset merit with demerit, while that of Puritanism reflects a systematic and rational formation of a believer’s ethical life. This paper aims to prove that this distinction of Weber’s could be used to explain the tension between Catholicism in the late Ming dynasty and the traditional Chinese ledgers of merit and demerit at that time. Catholicism in the late Ming regarded the practice of keeping ledgers as representing not knowing God, leading to arithmetical moral practices that could undermine the purity of morality. Instead, what it required of its believers was a constant confession that enabled them to form a systematic self-examination and practice. This self-understanding of Catholicism is consistent with Weber’s interpretation of the Jesuit methodology of salvation.
From “Here” to Persia: The Place of Authorship of the Ancient Chinese Christian Manuscript Yishen Lun (Discourse on God)
Authors: Tam David
Published: July 2022

The seventh century Chinese Christian manuscript Yishen lun (Discourse on God) is not what Jingjiao scholarship has said it is, i.e., an Aluoben document composed in Chang’an. This article explains why and examines information available in the text, including the political and social structure of the place of authorship, unusual terms such as zuoren, gǒu and dié, and localization details such as the fabric used for Jesus’ burial and the modification of analogies, and arrives at the conclusion that it was written in the Xiyu (Western Region), at a place such as Gaochang (Turfan). Similarity in language between Yishen lun and other manuscripts from Dunhuang and Turfan also lends support to this view.
Combining Cloud Properties from CALIPSO, CloudSat, and MODIS for Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) Shortwave Broadband Irradiance Computations: Impact of Cloud Vertical Profiles
Authors: Ham Seung-Hee , Kato Seiji , Rose Fred G. , Sun-Mack Sunny , Chen Yan , Miller Walter F. , Scott Ryan C.
Published: July 2022

Cloud vertical profile measurements from the CALIPSO and CloudSat active sensors are used to improve top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave (SW) broadband (BB) irradiance computations. The active sensor measurements, which occasionally miss parts of the cloud columns because of the full attenuation of sensor signals, surface clutter, or insensitivity to a certain range of cloud particle sizes, are adjusted using column-integrated cloud optical depth derived from the passive MODIS sensor. Specifically, we consider two steps in generating cloud profiles from multiple sensors for irradiance computations. First, cloud extinction coefficient and cloud effective radius (CER) profiles are merged using available active and passive measurements. Second, the merged cloud extinction profiles are constrained by the MODIS visible scaled cloud optical depth, defined as a visible cloud optical depth multiplied by (1 − asymmetry parameter), to compensate for missing cloud parts by active sensors. It is shown that the multisensor-combined cloud profiles significantly reduce positive TOA SW BB biases, relative to those with MODIS-derived cloud properties only. The improvement is more pronounced for optically thick clouds, where MODIS ice CER is largely underestimated. Within the SW BB (0.18–4 μm), the 1.04–1.90-μm spectral region is mainly affected by the CER, where both the cloud absorption and solar incoming irradiance are considerable.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to improve shortwave irradiance computations at the top of the atmosphere by using combined cloud properties from active and passive sensor measurements. Relative to the simulation results with passive sensor cloud measurements only, the combined cloud profiles provide more accurate shortwave simulation results. This is achieved by more realistic profiles of cloud extinction coefficient and cloud particle effective radius. The benefit is pronounced for optically thick clouds composed of large ice particles.
An Interdecadal Enhancement of the Impact of ENSO on the Summer Northeast Asian Circulation around 1999/2000 through the Silk Road Pattern
Authors: Yang Xianke , Huang Ping , Liu Yong , Chen Dong
Published: July 2022

In this study, we find that the negative relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and summer Northeast Asia (NEA; 30°–50°N, 110°–140°E) circulation, especially the geopotential height anomalies in the upper troposphere (H200), is weakened from the early 1970s, remains stable since the middle 1980s, and is strengthened dramatically after 1999/2000. The recent transitions of the ENSO–NEA H200 relationship are closely connected with the variation of circumglobal teleconnection (CGT)/Silk Road pattern (SRP), which is further modified by the interdecadal shift of the ENSO–Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) relationship and ENSO evolution. During 1980–99 when the continuing ENSOs dominate, the weakened ENSO–ISMR relationship leads to an inactive ENSO-related CGT/SRP wave train in the upper-level troposphere and then a weakened connection between ENSO and H200 over the NEA. On the other hand, when the emerging ENSOs dominate after 1999/2000, the restored ENSO–ISMR relationship reinforces the ENSO-related CGT/SRP wave train and then enhances ENSO–NEA H200 relationship. This mechanism is well simulated in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project models (AMIP) and Pacific Ocean–Global Atmosphere (POGA) experiments.
Lake Victoria Thunderstorms: Radar-Observed Initiation and Storm Evolution Modes
Authors: Wilson James , Roberts Rita D.
Published: July 2022

The enhanced observation period during the HIGHWAY field campaign in East Africa provided the opportunity to obtain continuous ground-based radar observations over the Lake Victoria basin. This provided insight into thunderstorm initiation processes and thunderstorm evolution. This insight is significant for it can lead to nowcasting thunderstorms over Lake Victoria, which is particularly important because of the >200 000 fishers using the lake daily and the extremely high number of drownings resulting from capsized boats caused by large waves and high winds from thunderstorms. Radar data from the south shoreline of Lake Victoria made it possible to observe thunderstorm activity over the entire lake. Unexpectedly the radar returns from high concentration of insects over the lake made it possible for the radar to observe boundary layer convergence lines. With this information a radar-trained forecaster could provide nowcasts of severe storm locations and by using extrapolation techniques provide nowcasts of their future location. In addition, rules for forecasting the timing and extent of nighttime thunderstorm activity over the lake based on radar monitoring of earlier activity along the northeast land/lake region are provided. While there are many obstacles to overcome, it is hoped that in the near future this possible life-saving information can be provided to Lake Victoria boaters.

Significance Statement

Radar data from the south shore of Lake Victoria has enabled new understanding of thunderstorm initiation and evolution over the lake. This understanding provides the potential to nowcast thunderstorms over Lake Victoria. This is particularly important because of the extremely high number of drownings that occur over the lake that result from capsized boats caused by large waves and high winds from thunderstorms. Radar-based rules are provided for forecasting and nowcasting the timing and severity of Lake Victoria thunderstorms.
Granulomatous inflammation is less common in delayed-onset Crohn's disease
Authors: Barnaba Durairaj Madeline Vithya , Jaleel Rajeeb , Pulimood Anna B
Published: July 2022

Crohn's disease (CD) usually affects younger individuals but delayed-onset disease is not uncommon. We studied the epidemiology, demographic profile, and clinical characteristics of patients with delayed-onset CD (disease onset >50 years) and compared them with CD in younger individuals (disease onset 20–40 years) in a tertiary care center in India. The presenting symptoms, site of involvement, and treatment profile were similar, except for weight loss, which was more often noted in young-onset CD. However, granulomatous inflammation on mucosal biopsy was twice as common in young-onset compared to delayed-onset CD. As it is thus seen less often in delayed-onset CD, this may lead to a potential delay in diagnosis and treatment.
Combination therapy using tafamidis and neurohormonal blockers for cardiac amyloidosis and a reduced ejection fraction: a case report
Authors: Imamura Teruhiko , Izumida Toshihide , Hori Masakazu , Tanaka Shuhei , Kinugawa Koichiro
Published: July 2022

Cardiac amyloidosis usually presents with diastolic dysfunction, but sometimes systolic dysfunction develops, particularly at its advanced stage. However, the therapeutic strategy for patients with cardiac amyloidosis and systolic dysfunction remains unknown. We report a 77-year-old man who was diagnosed with wild-type cardiac amyloidosis and systolic dysfunction with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 27%. Following 6-month medical therapy of tafamidis 80 mg and neurohormonal blockers (carvedilol 5.0 mg, enalapril 2.5 mg, and spironolactone 25 mg), the left ventricular ejection fraction improved to 55%. Tafamidis-incorporated neurohormonal blocker therapy might be a promising strategy to facilitate cardiac reverse remodeling in patients with cardiac amyloidosis and systolic dysfunction.
Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum causing Brown-Séquard syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xu Yeqiu , Zhang Yuanzhuang , Luo Yinzhou , Qiu Guanzhen , Liu Yize , Zhao Wei , Wang Yong
Published: July 2022

Brown-Séquard syndrome (BSS) has many etiologies, including penetrating trauma, extramedullary tumors, and disc herniation. However, thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is an extremely rare cause of this syndrome. A 46-year-old woman with motor weakness in her right lower extremity and urinary retention was admitted to our department. Based on the results of physical examination, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, a diagnosis of BSS with OLF was considered. The patient underwent urgent conservative treatment. BSS is a rare condition characterized by hemisection or hemicompression of the spinal marrow. The herein-described case of incomplete BSS due to OLF responded to conservative treatment. However, the successful nonoperative management of this case is insufficient evidence to consider it as the standard of care. Therefore, emergency laminectomy decompression remains the standard of care for BSS.
GPCR genes as a predictor of glioma severity and clinical outcome
Authors: Ko Eun-A , Zhou Tong
Published: July 2022

Objective

To undertake a comprehensive analysis of the differential expression of the G protein-coupled receptor ( GPCR) genes in order to construct a GPCR gene signature for human glioma prognosis.

Methods

This current study investigated several glioma transcriptomic datasets and identified the GPCR genes potentially associated with glioma severity.

Results

A gene signature comprising 13 GPCR genes (nine upregulated and four downregulated genes in high-grade glioma) was developed. The predictive power of the 13-gene signature was tested in two validation cohorts and a strong positive correlation (Spearman’s rank correlation test: ρ =  0.649 for the Validation1 cohort; ρ = 0.693 for the Validation2 cohort) was observed between the glioma grade and 13-gene based severity score in both cohorts. The 13-gene signature was also predictive of glioma prognosis based on Kaplan–Meier survival curve analyses and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis in four cohorts of patients with glioma.

Conclusions

Knowledge of GPCR gene expression in glioma may help researchers gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of high-grade glioma. Further studies are needed to validate the association between these GPCR genes and glioma pathogenesis.
Conflicting Working Relationships Among Nurses: The Intersection of Should Nursing, Double Domination, and the Big Picture
Authors: Rauman Peggy Ann
Published: July 2022

Background

Research conducted on conflict between Registered Nurses (RNs) has established that it happens regularly within the hospital setting, that it adversely affects the health and well-being of RNs, impacts the effective functioning of the health care organization, and compromises quality patient care. In this article, the phrase conflicting working relationships (CWRs) is used to represent working relationships between RN peers that are non-collegial, uncaring, and non- supportive, and inclusive of the behaviours associated with incivility, horizontal violence, and bullying, among others.

Purpose

To examine how nursing, including nursing knowledge and practice, is socially organized within the hospital setting and how this organization is linked to CWRs between RN peers.

Methods

Interviews were conducted with 17 RNs, followed by text analysis and mapping guided by institutional ethnography (IE) as the research methodology.

Results

The intersections between should nursing, double domination, and the big picture threads shows work environments where RNs struggle to provide appropriate care and conflict has become institutionalized. The intersection between threads can be used as caution areas for RNs and individuals in leadership positions to reflect on nursing practice when conflict is being experienced.

Conclusions

The contextual variables surrounding professional nursing practice are very influential with respect to how RNs relate to each other. A new type of dialogue about the organization of nursing practice in the hospital setting is needed to support more relational practices between RNs.
Design and experiments of ultra-precision aerostatic turning machine tool
Authors: Wu Quanhui , Sun Yazhou , Pan Baisong , GU Dawei
Published: July 2022

Ultra-precision turning is one of the commonly machining methods to obtain high-quality optical components. Ultra-precision turning machine tools are the industrial equipment that realize ultra-precision turning process. In this paper, a combined design, performance analysis and experimental verification are carried out to build an ultra-precision aerostatic turning machine tool (UPATMT), which adopts aerostatic support systems for the spindle system and the feed system. Firstly, the mathematical model and physical model of UPATMT are established, and the dynamic performance of UPATMT model is carried out and analyzed by finite element method. In addition, the electromechanical control system is simulated and analyzed to obtain better dynamic performance. Finally, the modal tests and turning experiments are carried out on a homemade UPATMT platform. The machined workpiece surface roughness is measured, the arithmetical mean deviation of the workplace surface roughness is Ra 7.4 nm, and the maximum peak valley height of workplace surface roughness Rz 34.4 nm. The results show that electromechanical coupling analysis can obtain high machining performance of UPATMT.
CO2 Emission Labels in India: Whistling in the Wind?
Authors: Tariq Asad , Shakeer Asim , Setia Ritik , Imam Shazia , Ali Syed Arslan
Published: July 2022

We studied the effect of an environmentally conscious nudge on the choice of car that our respondents make. Our primary data driven study was conducted after adequately reviewing the literature pertaining to the field of behavioral environmental economics. Our experiment shows that the nudge worked in most cases, except those which involve the question of prestige and status. We also found that in case if the preference for a car in particular segment is high with a small difference in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, then the respondents tend to choose the car of their liking. It is concluded that tools like nudges are in indeed helpful in reducing the emission levels from what we currently have.
Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Among the Teachers Working in Various Arts and Science Colleges in the Kanchipuram District
Authors: Santhi J. , Ramalingam Shrimathy
Published: July 2022

The behaviour of employees in an organisation can be of two types, namely defined role behaviour and extra role behaviour. Defined role behaviour means performing as per their official duties and rights, whereas extra role behaviour means doing something beyond their official work, out of their own interest without expecting any benefit in return. This means they will neither get recognition nor any monetary benefit for such behaviour. This kind of extra role behaviour is called organisational citizenship behaviour. Many of the researches have proved that this kind of behaviour of employees help the organisation achieve its objectives and maintain healthy organisational climate. Much research has been done on the determinants of organisational citizenship behaviour. This study is being carried out with the aim of finding out the relationship of emotional intelligence and the organisational citizenship behaviour among the college teachers working in arts and science stream. A total of 288 teachers working in various aided colleges, government colleges, self-financing colleges and deemed-to-be universities offering arts and science stream at Kancheepuram district have been chosen for the study. Self-assessment report of emotional intelligence based on Daniel Goleman’s mixed model and organisational citizenship behaviour based on the concept of Podsakoff have been adapted in this study. Statistical tools used in this study are correlation, one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression. This study has divulged a moderate positive relationship among the various dimensions of emotional intelligence and the organisational citizenship behaviour. It is also perceived that emotional intelligence dictates 41% variance of organisational citizenship behaviour among the college teachers.
Employment Reentry Preparation: Explicit Recommendations for Girls With Disabilities
Authors: Ochoa Theresa A. , Maki Weller Nicole , Fordham Tyeisha T.
Published: July 2022

The Second Chance Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act encourage juvenile justice personnel to collaborate with not-for-profit organizations, employers, and community schools to provide incarcerated girls with disabilities transition support to reenter their community after incarceration. The Career and College Fair and Dress Your Best activities that are part of the Helping Offenders Prosper Through Employment (HOPE) program are concrete examples of ways to prepare incarcerated girls with disabilities for employment while they are in custody. In this article, transition coordinators in correctional facilities and special educators will find recommendations they can use when working in juvenile justice settings to help girls with disabilities transition from confinement to their homes and communities, and to increase their chances of becoming employed.
Growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes during the manufacture and storage of artisanal kefir
Authors: Kalamaki Mary S , Angelidis Apostolos S
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes during the manufacture and storage of artisanal kefir. A five-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes was introduced (at ca. 3.0 log10 CFU/mL) into UHT milk as a pre-fermentation contaminant. The growth of L. monocytogenes, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts was monitored during the 24-h fermentation period of milk with two types of kefir grains at 20 °C and the subsequent storage of kefir under adequate (4 °C) and inadequate (10 °C) refrigerated-storage conditions. L. monocytogenes grew into much higher cell densities (5.3–5.8 log10 CFU/mL) by the end of the fermentation period, but the final (24-h) counts were substantially lower than those obtained in the corresponding control trials with unfermented milk (7.2 log10 CFU/mL). The growth rate of L. monocytogenes during fermentation differed depending on the type of kefir grain used. During the subsequent 11-day storage of the kefir filtrates at 4 °C or 10 °C, the behavior of L. monocytogenes varied from no growth to further population increases (of up to 1.1 log10 CFU/mL), depending on the storage temperature, but also depending on the type of kefir grain and the grain surface-to-weight ratio that had been used to ferment the milk. This study highlights the need for strict adherence to good hygiene practices during artisanal kefir making and shows that L. monocytogenes can sustain considerable growth during milk fermentation and further grow during the subsequent cold storage of kefir, particularly under inadequate refrigerated storage conditions.
Intranasal Use of Prescription Stimulants Among Adults Aged 18 to 30: Results From A Crowdsourcing Platform
Authors: Vosburg Suzanne K. , Faraone Stephen V. , Riley Elizabeth , Whitaker Timothy , Kardish Jessica , Baker David , Kollins Scott H. , Rush Craig R.
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Few studies of prescription stimulant non-oral, non-medical use (NMU) (defined by use not as prescribed) have been conducted in adults beyond the college population. The purpose of this study was to characterize prescription stimulant non-oral use, specifically intranasal (IN) use (snorting) in young adults.

Method:

Amazon’s MTurk platform was used to recruit participants for an online survey. Data were collected from March to April 2020.

Results:

Thirty-two percent ( n = 157) of survey respondents ( N = 975), aged 18 to 30, reported IN prescription stimulant use (average of 32.1 episodes of lifetime IN use). Adderall was the most-reported prescription stimulant used intranasally (89.2%). Most IN users (82%; n = 68) reported spending no more than 5 minutes tampering with prescription stimulants. Intranasal users said they would take the medication orally if unable to tamper or manipulate medication for IN use.

Conclusion:

These data help quantify a complex public health issue of ongoing IN use of prescription stimulants and suggest a potential role for manipulation-deterrent medications.
Permanent tissue damage in multiple sclerosis lesions is associated with reduced pre-lesion myelin and axon volume fractions
Authors: Tagge Ian J , Leppert Ilana R , Fetco Dumitru , Campbell Jennifer SW , Rudko David A , Brown Robert A , Stikov Nikola , Pike G Bruce , Giacomini Paul S , Arnold Douglas L , Narayanan Sridar
Published: July 2022

Background:

The use of advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in MS research has led to new insights in lesion evolution and disease outcomes. It has not yet been determined if, or how, pre-lesional abnormalities in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) relate to the long-term evolution of new lesions.

Objective:

To investigate the relationship between abnormalities in MRI measures of axonal and myelin volume fractions (AVF and MVF) in NAWM preceding development of black-hole (BH) and non-BH lesions in people with MS.

Methods:

We obtained magnetization transfer and diffusion MRI at 6-month intervals in patients with MS to estimate MVF and AVF during lesion evolution. Lesions were classified as either BH or non-BH on the final imaging visit using T1 maps.

Results:

Longitudinal data from 97 new T2 lesions from 9 participants were analyzed; 25 lesions in 8 participants were classified as BH 6–12 months after initial appearance. Pre-lesion MVF, AVF, and MVF/AVF were significantly lower, and T1 was significantly higher, in the lesions that later became BHs ( p < 0.001) compared to those that did not. No significant pre-lesion abnormalities were found in non-BH lesions ( p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The present work demonstrated that pre-lesion abnormalities are associated with worse long-term lesion-level outcome.
Convergence Between Teacher Self-Report and School Administrator Observation Ratings Using the Classroom Strategies Assessment System
Authors: Wiggs Nicole B. , Reddy Linda A. , Kettler Ryan , Hua Anh , Dudek Christopher , Lekwa Adam , Bronstein Briana
Published: July 2022

The Classroom Strategies Assessment System (CSAS) is a multi-rater, multi-method (direct observation and rating scale methodology) assessment of teachers’ use of research-based instructional and behavior management strategies. The present study investigated the association between teacher self-report and school administrator ratings using the CSAS Teacher (CSAS-T) and Observer (CSAS-O) Forms in 15 high-poverty U.S. charter schools. The CSAS-T and CSAS-O were designed to be used concurrently as a valid formative assessment of teacher practice. Findings include small, but statistically significant correlations between the CSAS-T and CSAS-O. Analysis of a multi-trait–multi-method (MTMM) matrix found teachers and observers to be measuring different constructs. No mean score differences were found between teacher self-reported instruction and behavior management strategy use compared with school administrators’ observed ratings. Furthermore, school administrators and teachers have similar ratings of overall effectiveness, with the majority of teachers in the sample being rated at or above effective. Overall, findings offer support for using the CSAS-O and CSAS-T for guiding professional development conversations.
Association Between Social Participation and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Park Sangmi , Downer Brian , Nam Sanghun , Bae Suyeong , Hong Ickpyo
Published: July 2022

Social participation is associated with cognitive function; however, their causal relationships have not been reported yet. This study was designed to examine the autoregressive effects and bidirectional causal relationship between social participation and cognitive function. In this secondary longitudinal data analysis, we enrolled 4,834 Korean adults. A cross-lagged panel model with fixed effects was used to examine the causal relationships between social participation and cognitive function. Both participation (unstandardized coefficient = .370, p < .001) and cognitive function (unstandardized coefficient = .151, p < .001) had positive autoregressive effects over time. Participation had a cross-lagged effect on cognitive function (unstandardized coefficient = .061, p < .001). However, the cross-lagged effects of cognitive function on participation were not statistically significant (unstandardized coefficient = .051, p = .312). Various health-care programs that promote social participation and improve cognitive function must be established. Additional studies are required to confirm the causal effects of cognitive function on participation.
A guide to vertigo
Authors: Sheehan Sebastian , Green Edward , Perenyei Miklos , Harris Andrew
Published: July 2022

Assessing a dizzy patient in primary care can be challenging. The richness of human vocabulary and use of terms such as ‘wobbly’, ‘woozy’ or ‘lightheaded’ often present the first challenge of identifying true vertigo. This can make eliciting which of a wide variety of disease processes may be causing symptoms a confusing process. True vertigo is considered a perception of movement in the absence of said movement – this is often, but not exclusively a rotating or swaying sensation. In this article we will cover how to approach a patient with suspected vertigo, including key discriminators in the history and examination that can help make a diagnosis. We will also cover treatment of the conditions causing vertigo, while considering other conditions that may cause other forms of dizziness.
Hospital Diabetes Meeting 2022
Authors: Huang Jingtong , Yeung Andrea M. , Nguyen Kevin T. , Xu Nicole Y. , Preiser Jean-Charles , Rushakoff Robert J. , Seley Jane Jeffrie , Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Wallia Amisha , Drincic Andjela T. , Gianchandani Roma , Lansang M. Cecilia , Masharani Umesh , Mathioudakis Nestoras , Pasquel Francisco J. , Schmidt Signe , Shah Viral N. , Spanakis Elias K. , Stuhr Andreas , Treiber Gerlies M. , Klonoff David C.
Published: July 2022

The annual Virtual Hospital Diabetes Meeting was hosted by Diabetes Technology Society on April 1 and April 2, 2022. This meeting brought together experts in diabetes technology to discuss various new developments in the field of managing diabetes in hospitalized patients. Meeting topics included (1) digital health and the hospital, (2) blood glucose targets, (3) software for inpatient diabetes, (4) surgery, (5) transitions, (6) coronavirus disease and diabetes in the hospital, (7) drugs for diabetes, (8) continuous glucose monitoring, (9) quality improvement, (10) diabetes care and educatinon, and (11) uniting people, process, and technology to achieve optimal glycemic management. This meeting covered new technology that will enable better care of people with diabetes if they are hospitalized.
Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality Among Low Birthweight Neonates Admitted in Amhara Region Referral Hospitals of Ethiopia: Retrospective Follow-Up Study
Authors: Kebede Belete Fenta , Genie Yalemtsehay Dagnaw , Aregawi Desta Hailu , Tadele Behafta Afera
Published: July 2022

Background

Being born with low birthweight is a major determinant of perinatal, neonatal, and infant survival. Even though low birthweight-related neonatal mortality is high, there is an information gap regarding the survival status of low birthweight neonates and their predictors of mortality in Ethiopia.

Objective

This study was conducted to assess the survival status and predictors of mortality among low birthweight neonates admitted to Amhara region referral hospitals in Ethiopia.

Methods and Materials

A retrospective follow-up study was conducted on randomly selected low birthweight neonates admitted to the Amhara region referral hospital between January 01-2017 and December 30-2018. Data were entered into Epi-data 4.4.2.1 and exported to Stata 14 for cleaning and analysis. A cox regression model was used to analyze the data. Tables, charts, and text were used to report the results.

Results

This study revealed that 35.2% of participants died with incidence rates of 37.86 per 1000 person-day observations (95%CI: 31.79-45.10). Sepsis (AHR:1.72(95% CI: 1.05-2.81), respiratory distress (AHR: 2.03 (95% CI:1.36-3.03), necrotizing enterocolitis (AHR: 2.47 (95% CI: 1.17-5.20), congenital anomalies (AHR:2.37 (95% CI: 1.36-4.13), extreme low birth weight (AHR:2.62 (95% CI:1.54-4.44) and prematurity (AHR: 2.55 (95% CI:1.10-5.92) were independent predictors of mortality.

Conclusion

Sepsis, respiratory distress, necrotizing enterocolitis, congenital anomalies, extremely low birth weight, and premature birth were the independent predictors of mortality. Therefore, it is better for all stakeholders to focus more on the early diagnosis and management of low birth weight neonates with the factors associated with mortality.
Effect of Antidepressants on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist-Related Weight Loss
Authors: Durell Natalie , Franks Rachel , Coon Scott , Cowart Kevin , Carris Nicholas W.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Depression and obesity have a bidirectional relationship making the management of one, without the other, problematic. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a preferred medication class for diabetes and obesity treatment given their weight loss effect; however, it is not known how antidepressants impact this effect.

Objective:

To assess the impact of antidepressant use on GLP-1 RA-associated weight loss in patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

This was a retrospective, propensity matched, cohort study conducted using TriNetX. The study identified patients initiating a GLP-1 RA being treated with citalopram/escitalopram, bupropion, or no antidepressant. Cohorts were propensity score matched to analyze the primary outcome of mean end-of-study (77-371 days) body weight.

Results:

An initial query identified 31 273 patients eligible for analysis (30 160 receiving no antidepressant, 311 receiving bupropion, and 802 receiving citalopram/escitalopram). After propensity score matching, the study found patients receiving citalopram/escitalopram were taking more antidiabetic therapies at baseline compared with patients not treated with an antidepressant. Patients in the antidepressant cohorts experienced less weight loss compared with their respective matched cohorts not receiving antidepressants (citalopram/escitalopram −0.73 kg versus −1.74 kg; bupropion −0.84 kg versus −3.46 kg). Only the bupropion cohort was significantly heavier at end-of-study versus the non-antidepressant cohort (108 kg versus 103 kg, P = 0.018).

Conclusion and Relevance:

Antidepressants may diminish the weight loss effect of GLP-1 RAs. Additional research is needed to assess whether all GLP-1 RAs are affected similarly and the optimal weight loss strategies in patients receiving antidiabetic therapy with comorbid depression.
Comparisons of the NGA-Subduction ground motion models
Authors: Gregor Nick , Addo Kofi , Abrahamson Norman A , Al Atik Linda , Atkinson Gail M , Boore David M , Bozorgnia Yousef , Campbell Kenneth W , Chiou Brian S-J , Gülerce Zeynep , Hassani Behzad , Kishida Tadahiro , Kuehn Nico , Mazzoni Silvia , Midorikawa Saburoh , Parker Grace A , Si Hongjun , Stewart Jonathan P , Youngs Robert R
Published: July 2022

In this article, ground-motion models (GMMs) for subduction earthquakes recently developed as part of the Next Generation Attenuation-Subduction (NGA-Sub) project are compared. The four models presented in this comparison study are documented in their respective articles submitted along with this article. Each of these four models is based on the analysis of the large NGA-Sub database. Three of the four current models are developed for a global version as well as separate regionalized models. The fourth model was developed based on earthquakes only from Japan, and as such is applicable only for Japan. As part of this comparison study, a general discussion on the parameterization of the four models and the regionalization of the three models is provided. The specific strengths and or weaknesses or the technical decisions and justifications of any one model are not part of this comparison. A selected suite of deterministic attenuation curves and spectra are presented for the models along with a selected suite of currently used subduction models. A limited number of comparisons are presented in this article with a larger number of comparisons and the digital values provided in the electronic attachment. In addition to these scenario calculation comparisons, the results from a standard probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for two sites located in the Pacific Northwest Region in the state of Washington are presented. These calculations highlight the potential impact of using the new GMMs. Based on the comparisons presented here, a general understanding of these new GMMs can be obtained with the expectation that the implementation of a specific seismic hazard study should incorporate similar and additional comparisons and sensitivity studies pertinent to the site of interest.
Proteomic and phosphoproteomic measurements enhance ability to predict ex vivo drug response in AML
Authors: Gosline Sara J. C. , Tognon Cristina , Nestor Michael , Joshi Sunil , Modak Rucha , Damnernsawad Alisa , Posso Camilo , Moon Jamie , Hansen Joshua R. , Hutchinson-Bunch Chelsea , Pino James C. , Gritsenko Marina A. , Weitz Karl K. , Traer Elie , Tyner Jeffrey , Druker Brian , Agarwal Anupriya , Piehowski Paul , McDermott Jason E. , Rodland Karin
Published: July 2022

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) affects 20,000 patients in the US annually with a five-year survival rate of approximately 25%. One reason for the low survival rate is the high prevalence of clonal evolution that gives rise to heterogeneous sub-populations of leukemic cells with diverse mutation spectra, which eventually leads to disease relapse. This genetic heterogeneity drives the activation of complex signaling pathways that is reflected at the protein level. This diversity makes it difficult to treat AML with targeted therapy, requiring custom patient treatment protocols tailored to each individual’s leukemia. Toward this end, the Beat AML research program prospectively collected genomic and transcriptomic data from over 1000 AML patients and carried out ex vivo drug sensitivity assays to identify genomic signatures that could predict patient-specific drug responses. However, there are inherent weaknesses in using only genetic and transcriptomic measurements as surrogates of drug response, particularly the absence of direct information about phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction. As a member of the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, we have extended the molecular characterization of this cohort by collecting proteomic and phosphoproteomic measurements from a subset of these patient samples (38 in total) to evaluate the hypothesis that proteomic signatures can improve the ability to predict response to 26 drugs in AML ex vivo samples. In this work we describe our systematic, multi-omic approach to evaluate proteomic signatures of drug response and compare protein levels to other markers of drug response such as mutational patterns. We explore the nuances of this approach using two drugs that target key pathways activated in AML: quizartinib (FLT3) and trametinib (Ras/MEK), and show how patient-derived signatures can be interpreted biologically and validated in cell lines. In conclusion, this pilot study demonstrates strong promise for proteomics-based patient stratification to assess drug sensitivity in AML.
Isolated sternal fracture after low-energy trauma in a geriatric patient: a case report
Authors: Sairanen Joni J. , Arponen Otso
Published: July 2022

Background

Falls are a common cause of emergency department (ED) visits for the older population. If osteoporosis is present, even falls from standing height can lead to unusual fractures normally associated with high-energy trauma. In this report, we analyze a rare case of an isolated sternal fracture with an unusual mechanism of injury. Our discussion aims to improve care for older adults with fall-related fractures.

Case presentation

An 86-year-old female presented in the ED of our hospital with a complaint of chest pain. She recalled a fall at home the previous day and described how her fist was impacted between the floor and her chest. A physical examination revealed local tenderness in the mid-chest. A lateral chest x-ray indicated a sternal fracture, and a chest computed tomography scan ruled out concomitant injuries. There were no acute changes on her electrocardiogram (ECG). Conservative outpatient treatment was started, and referrals were made with a recommendation to initiate fall prevention measures and osteoporosis screening in primary health care.

Conclusions

Geriatric patients can present in the ED with a rare sternal fracture even after only a minor chest trauma. Appropriate imaging and an ECG are warranted to exclude life-threatening additional injuries. An in-depth physical examination and an understanding of the exact mechanism of injury are important to avoid missing fractures in unexpected locations. Modern ED physicians could have an important role in the secondary prevention of fall-related fractures for geriatric patients.
Application of chloroplast genome in the identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine Viola philippica
Authors: Cao Dong-Ling , Zhang Xue-Jie , Xie Shao-Qiu , Fan Shou-Jin , Qu Xiao-Jian
Published: July 2022

Background

Viola philippica Cav. is the only source plant of “Zi Hua Di Ding”, which is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that is utilized as an antifebrile and detoxicant agent for the treatment of acute pyogenic infections. Historically, many Viola species with violet flowers have been misused in “Zi Hua Di Ding”. Viola have been recognized as a taxonomically difficult genera due to their highly similar morphological characteristics. Here, all common V. philippica adulterants were sampled. A total of 24 complete chloroplast (cp) genomes were analyzed, among these 5 cp genome sequences were downloaded from GenBank and 19 cp genomes, including 2 “Zi Hua Di Ding” purchased from a local TCM pharmacy, were newly sequenced.

Results

The Viola cp genomes ranged from 156,483 bp to 158,940 bp in length. A total of 110 unique genes were annotated, including 76 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and four rRNAs. Sequence divergence analysis screening identified 16 highly diverged sequences; these could be used as markers for the identification of Viola species. The morphological, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees of whole cp genome sequences and highly diverged sequences were divided into five monophyletic clades. The species in each of the five clades were identical in their positions within the morphological and cp genome tree. The shared morphological characters belonging to each clade was summarized. Interestingly, unique variable sites were found in ndhF, rpl22, and ycf1 of V. philippica, and these sites can be selected to distinguish V. philippica from samples all other Viola species, including its most closely related species. In addition, important morphological characteristics were proposed to assist the identification of V. philippica. We applied these methods to examine 2 “Zi Hua Di Ding” randomly purchased from the local TCM pharmacy, and this analysis revealed that the morphological and molecular characteristics were valid for the identification of V. philippica.

Conclusions

This study provides invaluable data for the improvement of species identification and germplasm of V. philippica that may facilitate the application of a super-barcode in TCM identification and enable future studies on phylogenetic evolution and safe medical applications.