Incidence of nervous system diseases in children and adolescents of the megapolis
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moiseeva K. E. , Mikirtichan G. L. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Suslova G. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Taitz A. N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Harbedia Sh.D. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Zaslavsky D. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Zastupova A. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Shevtsova K. G. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gazheva A. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

The significant proportion in the structure of childhood disability determines the relevance of assessing the incidence rates of newly diagnosed diseases of the nervous system in the child population of the metropolis.
Purpose: t o analyze the primary incidence of diseases of the nervous system in children and adolescents in a metropolis.
Materials and methods. The statistical data collections of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Central Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatization» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for 2015–2024 were used as the base material.
An assessment of intensive and extensive indicators of primary morbidity of children aged 0–14 and 15–17 in St. Petersburg was carried out in dynamics over ten years. A comparative analysis of the indicators was carried out using the visibility indicator with indicators for the Russian Federation and the Northwestern Federal District. The significance of differences between the indicators was assessed using Student’s t-test. Statistical data processing was carried out using MS Office‑2019 software packages.
Results and discussions. The primary incidence of nervous system diseases among the child population aged 0–14 in St. Petersburg was significantly higher than the national and Northwestern Federal District averages in the entire period 2014–2023, and has grown by 19.4% over the past ten years. The incidence of 15–17-year-old adolescents was higher than the figures for 0–14-year-old children. The incidence of newly diagnosed nervous system diseases among the adolescent population of St. Petersburg also significantly exceeded the national and federal district averages, and had an upward trend (+4.0%). In the metropolis, the proportion of newly diagnosed nervous system diseases
among all newly diagnosed diseases among children aged 0–14 and adolescents aged 15–17 was significantly higher than the national and Northwestern Federal District averages over the entire period studied, but has decreased over the past ten years. The rate of decline in the share of newly diagnosed nervous system diseases in adolescents was 2.7 times higher than in children (20.8% versus 7.6%), and the difference between the metropolis’ indicators and the indicators for Russia and the federal district was less significant. The COVID‑19 pandemic had a significant impact on the primary morbidity rate of children aged 0–14 and 15–17 and the share of newly diagnosed nervous system diseases in them. In 2020, compared to 2019, the incidence rate of nervous system diseases in children and adolescents in the metropolis significantly decreased, while the share of newly diagnosed nervous system diseases, on the contrary, increased.
Conclusion. The high level of primary morbidity with a high proportion of newly diagnosed diseases of the nervous system among all newly diagnosed diseases in children and adolescents in the metropolis indicates an increasing role of neurological pathology in the morbidity of the child population.