bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sound and Fury Signifying Something: The Political Consequences of the Opt-Out Movement
Authors: Casalaspi David
Published: November 2021

Background and Context

Grassroots activism is on the rise in American education, leading some scholars to announce the arrival of a “New Politics of Education” in which political elites and grassroots actors clash over foundational questions of policy and power. However, little research has examined just how consequential grassroots education activism might actually be in this new era. This study takes up this area of inquiry by examining the political consequences of the opt-out movement, arguably the largest and most high-profile grassroots education movement in recent history.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the political consequences of the opt-out movement in four New York school districts. Specifically, this study addresses the following research questions: What impact has the opt-out movement had on local education politics and policies, and do these effects vary across communities with different levels of opt-out activism?

Research Design

This study takes the form of a mixed methods, comparative case study analysis of the opt-out movement in four New York school districts purposefully sampled to exploit variation in district opt-out rates and racial demographics. Within each district, five sources of original data were collected, including a survey of Grade 3–8 parents, focus groups with opt-out parents and non-opt-out parents, interviews with district elites, interviews with key activists, and documentary sources. Data analysis was both quantitative (descriptive statistics) and qualitative (inductive simultaneous pattern coding).

Findings

Results suggest that while the opt-out movement has not yet produced many substantive changes in state or local test-based accountability policies, it has significantly increased and transformed parent engagement with education politics in the four case districts. These engagement effects were particularly pronounced in the high-opt-out districts.

Conclusions and Recommendations

This study concludes by offering a tempered view of the opt-out movement's impact on education policymaking while simultaneously indicating potentially significant changes in the way parents participate in education politics. In doing so, it produces implications for the study of education politics, policy, and activism more broadly. Principal among these are the importance for grassroots movements to build alliances with institutional actors in order to effect meaningful policy change, and the value of considering alternative definitions of movement “success” in future research on education politics and activism.
Portraits of Protest in Florida: How Opt-Out Makes the Personal Political
Authors: Currin Elizabeth , Schroeder Stephanie , Mccardle Todd
Published: November 2021

Background/Context

Opting out of high-stakes standardized tests, a phenomenon so widespread in the United States as to be regarded as a movement, is nevertheless a misunderstood and often maligned force in educational politics.

Purpose

This article offers a counternarrative of opt-out activism—a more thorough and vivid account of what we view as an unfairly maligned movement with tremendous potential for improving and preserving our nation's schools.

Participants

In-depth portraits introduce three members of the Opt Out Florida Network: Cindy Hamilton, an unabashed leader whose children have graduated; Sandy Stenoff, her partner in protest whose children remain in the system; and Susan Bowles, who grapples with conflicting roles of pedagogue and protester.

Research Design

As a critical ethnography, this study uses a qualitative approach to expose and challenge the unjust treatment of the opt-out movement, guided by the following research questions: 1) How do opt-out activists understand and explain their journeys to activism? 2) What experiences, concerns, and commitments guide them in their daily fight against high-stakes standardized testing?

Data Collection and Analysis

Using transcript data from focus group and 1-on-1 follow-up phone interviews, the research team composed and analyzed narrative portraits, which offer models of resistance to neoliberal education reform.

Conclusions

Contrary to their portrayal as passive, anti-test, anti-accountability parents solely focused on their own children, the opt-out movement is an active community of highly informed individuals dedicated to effecting positive change in education. The nuance of narrative captures the messy realities of activism, illustrating how parents and teachers must work together, guided by a view of citizenship as shared fate, to fight for more equitable and educative schools.
Examining the Practices of Generating an Aim Statement in a Teacher Preparation Networked Improvement Community
Authors: Sandoval Carlos , Van Es Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2021

Background and Context

Continuous improvement and networked improvement science have emerged as prominent approaches to improving schools. Although continuous improvement approaches have generated promising results in education, how these efforts come to be enacted remains a crucial question that can generate insight into how these approaches can be improved.

Purpose and Objective

Our study is focused on understanding how improvement is performed by focusing on the process of generating a shared aim statement in a teacher-preparation improvement network. We seek to understand how practitioners within a network a) engage a central tension (between language acquisition and multilingualism), b) negotiate this tension, and c) reach a settlement that results in a shared aim.

Setting

This study takes place in a teacher-preparation improvement network as part of the California Teacher Education Research and Improvement Network (CTERIN). The focus of the network centered on improving the preparation of candidates to build on multilingual students’ strengths.

Participants

The improvement network that is the focus of our research consists of 49 teacher educators across eight teacher preparation programs as well as three facilitators who were part of CTERIN, including the two authors of this study.

Research Design

Our analysis examines the interactions among teacher educators and improvement facilitators to unveil the practices that they engaged in to produce a shared aim. Data for this study include audio and video recordings of three 90-minute videoconference meetings, audio–video of a two-day in-person convening, and improvement artifacts such as fishbone and driver diagrams.

Findings

Our study highlights the range of practices that practitioners engaged in and how those evolved as they negotiated and settled a tension between language acquisition and multilingualism. As the process of generating an aim unfolded, teacher educators engaged in the practices of aspirationalizing, dualizing, recentering, rerouting, clarifying, tuning, and converting.

Conclusions and Recommendations

We argue that these practices make visible that the process of generating an aim statement is a complex and complicated process that requires negotiation and a recognition that some perspectives are foregrounded and others are backgrounded. Understanding this process has implications for how improvement facilitators engage practitioners in the process of doing improvement and generates theory of improvement implementation by highlighting how disparate teams, individuals, and organizations reaching sharedness requires negotiating, foregrounding, and backgrounding.
Examining the Relationship Between College Students’ Interworldview Friendships and Pluralism Orientation
Authors: Hudson Tara D. , Rockenbach Alyssa N. , Mayhew Matthew J. , Zhang Lini
Published: November 2021

Background

One of the most influential factors shaping college students’ prosocial development—the development of attitudes and behaviors that involve positive engagement within one's community and larger society—is the peer group. Friends have an especially important influence on students’ learning and development because of the time and emotional investment friendship involves. While ample research documents the association between college students’ friendships across racial differences and the development of prosocial attitudes and behaviors, the question of whether friendships across other social boundaries may also do so remains.

Purpose

This study was guided by the theory of civic friendship, which posits that friendships that cross social boundaries (e.g., religion, race) can foster positive attitudes toward people of other social identity groups and a commitment to justice because of the solidarity and attention to injustice that develop within such relationships. We focused on friendships across the social boundary of worldview identity. More inclusive of secular and spiritual students than “religious identity,” “worldview identity” is defined as a student's guiding life philosophy based on religious, spiritual, and/or non-religious perspective(s). Specifically, the purpose of our study was to examine the relationship between the number of interworldview friendships in the first year on campus and one particular prosocial attitude, pluralism orientation, which reflects acceptance of and active engagement with worldview diversity.

Participants

We utilized Time 1 and Time 2 data from the Interfaith Diversity Experiences and Attitudes Longitudinal Survey (IDEALS), a national, longitudinal dataset comprised of 7,194 first-year students of diverse racial and worldview identities at 122 U.S. institutions.

Research Design

We ran a series of blocked multilevel regression models to examine the relationship between the number of interworldview friendships and pluralism orientation at Time 2, controlling for four domains of variables shown in prior literature to also be associated with pluralism orientation.

Results

Results revealed that, holding constant other predictors, the number of interworldview friendships in the first year on campus is positively associated with pluralism orientation.

Conclusions

Our results provide additional support for the particularly powerful relationship between friendship across social differences and students’ prosocial development. It is essential, therefore, that colleges and universities create conditions that will help students develop and solidify these vital relationships early in their collegiate journey. By supporting interworldview friendships among their students, colleges and universities are contributing to the creation of a more just and egalitarian society and a stronger democracy.
Chapter 1: “I piss a lot of people off when I play dwarves like dwarves”: Race, Gender, and Critical Systems in Tabletop Role-Playing Games
Authors: Garcia Antero
Published: November 2021

Background

This chapter explores player interactions and engagement in tabletop role-playing game settings.

Objective

Particularly focusing on the intersection of gaming systems, virtual settings, and player interactions, this chapter seeks to explore how implicit systems shape individuals’ experiences and behaviors. Through this focus, the chapter intentionally draws parallels between informal gaming settings and classroom-based interactions.

Setting

Though this study makes specific connections to classroom pedagogies, data were collected from a multiyear ethnographic study of playing tabletop role-playing games with adult participants in informal learning environments. Data were collected from within public gaming cafes and shops.

Research Design

Participant observation within a role-playing game community served as the primary approach to this ethnographic study. In addition to fieldnote-based observation, interviews with players and archival analysis of gaming artifacts helped triangulate meaning-making at the gaming table. Analysis was conducted through an inductive coding approach that focused on player interactions, systems, and settings.

Findings

Cultural values, including racism and sexism, shaped player experiences at the table, based on systemic designs and textual guidance from game-related fiction. While games speak to broad possibilities for exploring race and gender, these constructs become limited through the layers of player beliefs, designed rule sets, and depictions within narratives. The emancipatory possibilities of ludic imagination are flattened by cultural norms that may oppress.

Conclusions

Broadening the findings from this study, this chapter concludes with classroom-based recommendations. If a contemporary approach to critical pedagogy depends on dialogue and cultural understanding, this chapter points to the limitations of confining such work to traditional classroom settings. Instead, it suggests that an interrogation of these systems, alongside youth, is a necessary step in critically oriented classrooms.
Chapter 3: Waking up Woke: Exploring Black Female Youth Critical Consciousness and Sociopolitical Development
Authors: Farinde-Wu Abiola , Young Jemimah L. , Texeira Sam
Published: November 2021

Background/Context

Critical consciousness (CC) is an awareness and reflection of inequities, political efficacy, and agency in response to injustice. Similarly, sociopolitical development (SPD) is the process of developing a critical understanding, skill set, and emotional depth to enact individual agency against oppressive forces. Of the latter, SPD is vital in empowering youth from traditionally marginalized communities to challenge inequities. However, SPD has largely remained absent from U.S. classrooms.

Purpose/Objective/ Research Question/Focus of Study

Considering the absence of SPD in U.S. classrooms, this case study explores the SPD of Black female preservice teachers and their Black female high school mentees in a two-year tutoring and mentoring school-based program. Our study captures the woke pedagogical experiences that advanced participants’ co-constructed CC. As such, we seek to describe student exemplars of what it means to be awakened and stay woke through an analysis of interviews, journal reflections, and video data. To this end, the research question that guided this study was: What are the perspectives of Black female youth as they co-construct CC toward SPD in a two-year tutoring and mentoring school-based program?

Research Design

Through the lenses of critical race feminism and woke pedagogies, this study used a single case study design. Case study is appropriate for this study because it highlights the particularity and complexities of one unit of analysis.

Findings

Our findings capture the perspectives of Black female youth as they cultivate CC toward sociopolitical development in one educational initiative geared toward partnering undergraduate and high school students. An examination of data through the lens of critical race feminism and woke pedagogies spotlighted the perspectives of our participants as they co-constructed CC through woke pedagogical experiences. Mentors deepened their CC on race, and mentees gained heightened awareness of gendered and racialized school procedures and policies. Black girls in this study woke up (CC) and stayed woke through their activism (SPD).

Conclusions

In sharing the perspectives of Black female youth as they cultivated SPD, it is our intention that the critical approach and experiences that we have described capture the methods and strategies that one educational initiative implemented to empower and promote agency among Black female students. As an example of woke pedagogy, this educational initiative offered Black girls at the intersection of race, gender, and class an opportunity to critically question their world and become aware of racial and social injustices impacting their everyday lives and community.
The missing link: Studying political leadership from the followers’ perspective
Authors: Metz Rudolf
Published: November 2021

Recent political developments suggest that political followership has played increasingly vital roles in modern democratic politics. However, scholarship seemingly lacks proper conceptual and methodological tools for analysing why and how citizens follow their leaders, and what the role of this relationship is in personalised politics and political leadership. Addressing the research gap, this article turns to generic leadership studies for help and introduces its follower-centric models into the field of political science. This venture opens with a review and comparison of some of the different perspectives about political followers in the scholarship on political leadership and personalisation, taking account of their limitations. It then moves on to assess follower-centric models and their empirical results, focusing on observers’ perceptions about the characteristics and behaviours of leaders in the attribution of leadership. Based on these models, the article offers a balanced perspective about leader–follower relations. Recommendations for future research directions are presented in the concluding sections.
Researching Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Youth Justice System: Reflections on Methodology From a Members of a Non-Indigenous Research Team
Authors: Day Andrew , Malvaso Catia
Published: November 2021

Understanding the impacts of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) has rapidly emerged as an important area of research that has implications for those who work in youth justice settings. This paper identifies a series of considerations facing those who work in jurisdictions where Indigenous or First Nations peoples have much higher levels of contact with both child protection and criminal justice systems than other population groups. It presents some reflections from members of a non-Indigenous research team about their efforts to engage with cultural perspectives on ACEs research in a way that facilitates further discussion within the research community about the methodological decisions that are made when investigating issues that are of importance to members of minority culture communities.
Interim analysis of the Registry for Load and Management of Medication Overuse Headache (RELEASE): A multicenter, comprehensive medication overuse headache registry
Authors: Park Hong-Kyun , Chu Min Kyung , Oh Sun-Young , Moon Heui-Soo , Song Tae-Jin , Lee Mi Ji , Kang Jin-Ju , Hong Yooha , Cho Soo-Jin ,   on behalf of the RELEASE investigators
Published: November 2021

Background

Characteristics, disabilities, and optimal management of medication overuse headache remain uncertain. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics of patients with medication overuse headache enrolled in a medication overuse headache registry in Korea.

Methods

The Registry for Load and Management of MEdicAtion OveruSE Headache (RELEASE), a cross-sectional prospective observational study including seven referral headache centers in Korea, started enrolling adult patients with medication overuse headache in April 2020. Data included information on headache characteristics, burden on daily function, depression, anxiety, history of acute and preventive medications, and treatment strategies.

Results

A total of 229 patients (85.6% females; mean age, 45.5 ± 13.5 years) were enrolled by June 2021. The average durations of chronic headaches and medication overuse were 6.5 and 4.3 years, respectively. In the past month before enrollment, patients had headaches for 25 days and severe headaches for 12 days, and used acute medications for 20 days. Patients were disabled in 66.8 days in the past 3 months and had moderate/severe depression and anxiety in 56% and 35%, respectively. The proportion of patients on preventive treatments increased from 38% to 93% during the study period.

Conclusions

RELEASE study reflects the current management status and opportunities to improve the quality of care in patients with medication overuse headache.
Predicting interlaminar damage behaviour of fibre-metal laminates containing adhesive joints under bending loads
Authors: Al-Azzawi Ahmad SM , Kawashita Luiz F , Featherston Carol A
Published: November 2021

This study includes experimental and numerical investigations on fibre-metal laminate structures containing adhesive joints under static bending loads. Experimental tests were carried out on Glare® 4B specimens manufactured in-house and containing doubler joint features. Numerical analyses were performed using Abaqus software including damage in the glass fibre reinforced polymer layers, ductile damage in the resin pockets (FM94 epoxy) and plasticity in the metal layers. A new cohesive zone model coupling friction and interfacial shear under through-thickness compressive stress has been developed to simulate delamination initiation and growth at the metal/fibre interfaces with the adhesive joint under flexural loading. This model is implemented through a user-defined VUMAT subroutine in the Abaqus/Explicit software and includes two main approaches, firstly, combining friction and interfacial shear stresses created in the interlaminar layers of the fibre-metal laminate as a result of through-thickness stresses and secondly, considering elastic-plastic damage behaviour using a new cohesive zone model based on the trapezoidal law (which provides more accurate results for the simulation of toughened epoxy matrices than the commonly used bilinear cohesive zone model). Numerical results have been validated against experimental data from 4-point bending tests and a good correlation observed with respect to both crack initiation and evolution. Delamination and shear failure were noted to be the predominant failure modes under bending stresses as expected. This is due to the higher mode-II stresses introduced during bending which cause different damage evolution behaviour to that seen for axial stresses. Finite element results revealed that both friction and shear strength parameters generated from through-thickness compression stresses have a significant effect in predicting damage in fibre-metal laminate structures under this type of loading.
Reliability and Validity of the Traditional Chinese Version of the Advance Care Planning Engagement Survey: A Pilot Evaluation in Taiwanese Outpatients
Authors: Wei Fang-Chun , Hsu Chieh-Kuan , Wu Yu-Lin , Liao Jung-Yu , Huang Chi-Hsien , Hsiung Chao Agnes , Yu Sang-Ju , Lin Cheng-Pei , Chen Ping-Jen
Published: November 2021

Objective: The Advance Care Planning Engagement Survey (ACP-ES) has proven effective in evaluating individuals’ engagement in advance care planning (ACP). However, a Traditional Chinese version of ACP-ES (ACPES-TC) has not yet been developed. Therefore, this study aimed to translate and preliminarily validate the ACPES-TC in the Taiwanese context. Material and Methods: A forward and backward translation process was conducted. The translated questionnaire was confirmed by clinical and academic experts. The ACPES-TC was then evaluated for its reliability and validity with participants in the community and from an outpatient clinic in a medical center in Northern Taiwan. The participants comprised healthy people aged 20 to 30 years and patients ≥55 years old, recruited from September 17 to October 28, 2019. Results: Seventy people were recruited, including 20 people aged 20 to 30 years in the community and 50 patients ≥ 55 years old from clinics. The ACPES-TC scores are significantly higher among those of older age, having financial independence, and under long-term medication ( p < .05). The patients’ preference for health-related decision-making is significantly correlated with the ACPES-TC score; the point-biserial correlation coefficient is 0.46 ( p < .001). The discriminant and criterion-related validities are verified. The ACPES-TC demonstrated a good internal consistency (Cronbach's α .97), acceptable one-week test-retest reliability (overall intraclass correlation coefficient 0.86), and low practice effect between the test and retest (Cohen's d .43). Conclusion: The overall reliability and validity of the ACPES-TC are fair, which could be used to evaluate the patients’ engagement in ACP in Taiwan. However, further studies with a full-scale psychometric evaluation are needed.
Multiobjective optimization design of hybrid composite laminates for vibration using sequential permutation table method
Authors: Jing Zhao , Sun Qin , Zhang Yongjie , Liang Ke
Published: November 2021

Due to the large variable design space in optimization problems of composite laminates, it remains one of the challenging tasks to develop efficient optimization design methods to improve the design flexibility and efficiency. This work presents a sequential permutation table (SPT) method for the multiobjective optimization design of two-material hybrid composite laminates with simply supported boundary conditions, which maximizes the fundamental frequency and minimizes the cost/weight. Based on the vibration analysis of hybrid composite laminates, the approximate linear regularity of the square of fundamental frequency is derived, and two best ply orientations for the two materials are identified, respectively. By assigning one best ply orientation with maximum fundamental frequency at respective stacking positions, and using another best ply orientation to replace plies in the stacking sequence from the mid-plane to the outermost can lead to the optimum. Two multiobjective optimization problems are employed to verify the SPT method, results are compared with those obtained by heuristic algorithms. The obtained better solutions demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the SPT method and its potentials for optimal design of hybrid composite laminates.
The Panorama of Cleft Lip and Palate Live Birth in Brazil: Follow-up of a 10-Year Period and Inequalities in the Health System
Authors: Silva Raquel S. , Macari Soraia , dos Santos Thiago R. , Werneck Marcos A.F. , Pinto Rafaela da Silveira
Published: November 2021

Objective

To provide the prevalence and an overview of cleft lip and palate (CL/P) in the period of 2008 to 2017, as well as the profile of care provided for this condition in Brazil.

Design

Cross-sectional study of epidemiological character.

Setting

Brazilian government website.

Participants

National Live Birth and Hospital Information System.

Intervention

Organization of the end databases and performance-based statistical analysis.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Analysis of the prevalence of CL/P in newborns, sociodemographic condition of the mothers, surgical procedures and hospitalizations, and specialized hospitals in Brazil within a 10-year period.

Results

The average prevalence of CL/P in Brazil was ∼52 children per 100 000 live births in the covered period, corresponding to 1 per 1924 newborns. The presence of cleft was associated with preterm birth, being underweight, and the male gender. The highest prevalence was found in the South region, while the lowest was found in the Northeast region, with increasing rates in the North region of Brazil. The states with the highest prevalence were not those with a great number of hospitalizations and surgical procedures for live births with CL/P.

Conclusion

In the 10-year study period, the prevalence of CL/P was 0.52 newborns per 1000 live births, a result which differs among the states of Brazil. The need to reinforce the national monitoring of the prevalence and surgical procedures of cleft patients have also emphasized the need to improve public medical care for CL/P subjects.
Tissue Augmenting Palatoplasty for the Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Anstadt Erin E. , Bruce Madeleine K. , Ford Matthew , Jabbour Noel , Pfaff Miles J. , Bykowski Michael , Goldstein Jesse A. , Losee Joseph E.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) following primary palatoplasty remains a difficult problem to treat. This study evaluates speech outcomes following revision palatoplasty with tissue augmentation using buccal myomucosal flaps (BMF) as an alternative to pharyngoplasty for patients with VPI.

Methods

A retrospective single-center review of revision palatoplasty with tissue augmentation at a tertiary pediatric hospital Cleft-Craniofacial Center between January 2017 and March 2021 was conducted. Patients with a history of previous palatoplasty, a diagnosis of persistent or recurrent VPI, and comprehensive pre- and postoperative speech evaluations who underwent revision palatoplasty with BMF were included.

Results

Twenty patients met inclusion criteria (35% female, 20% syndromic). Mean age at the time of revision palatoplasty with BMF was 9.7 years. Preoperatively, all patients had stigmatizing speech and received the recommendation for speech surgery; the mean Pittsburgh Weighted Speech Score (PWSS) was 14.3 ± 4.9. The mean postoperative PWSS at the most recent assessment was 4.2 ± 2.3, representing a statistically significant improvement from preoperative scores ( P < .001). Mean follow-up time was 8.9 months. Following revision palatoplasty with BMF, only one patient has received the recommendation for further speech surgery. No complications were noted.

Conclusion

In patients with VPI following primary palatoplasty, revision palatoplasty with tissue augmentation offers an alternative to pharyngoplasty. This approach preserves dynamic velopharyngeal function, improves speech outcomes, and should be considered an option when treating patients with post-primary palatoplasty VPI.
Evolution of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgical Training in the UK: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Butterworth Sophie , Hodgkinson Emma L. , Stock Nicola M. , Sainsbury David C. G. , Hodgkinson Peter D.
Published: November 2021

Background

Although the United Kingdom (UK) cleft surgeons follow a similar training pathway, and cleft centers adhere to similar protocols regarding the timing of palate surgery and surgical technique, speech outcomes still vary between centers.

Objective

To explore the training experiences of consultant cleft lip and palate (CL/P) surgeons, performing a Sommerlad radical intravelar veloplasty (IVVP) and their approach to teaching others.

Design

An exploratory, qualitative approach was adopted to understand the views of UK cleft surgeons performing a Sommerlad radical IVVP and discuss what was important during training and upon qualifying as a consultant.

Method

A semi-structured interview schedule was designed, interviews were conducted in-person or via videoconferencing, depending on preference and availability, with interested surgeons. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and checked for accuracy. Analysis involved inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Fourteen cleft consultants from the UK participated (3F:11M). Seven of the consultants were trained in plastic surgery and four in maxillofacial surgery. Seven themes were identified from the thematic analysis. Three themes, namely Learning to perform palate repair, Teaching others to perform palate repair, and Ongoing learning as a consultant are discussed.

Conclusions

Cleft palate repair is clearly a technically challenging procedure to learn and teach with the potential to cause harm if performed incorrectly. Positive changes have been made to improve exposure to palate surgery, encourage practice away from the patient, and increase supervised practical experience. The role of colleagues in providing mentorship and support appears invaluable. We provide some simple recommendations that may improve the training experience and ensure parity for all trainees.
Is There a Relationship Between ADHD and COVID-19 Prevalence and Mortality Indices? An Analysis of Data From 156 Countries
Authors: Rajkumar Ravi Philip
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To examine the relationship between nation-level prevalence of ADHD and COVID-19 prevalence and mortality indices.

Method:

Associations between nation-wise estimated prevalence, crude mortality rates and case-fatality ratios for COVID-19 and estimated prevalence rates for ADHD were examined, controlling for medical conditions known to be associated with COVID-19 outcome, as well as demographic, climate-related, and economic variables.

Results:

Prevalence of ADHD was positively correlated with COVID-19 prevalence and crude mortality rates on bivariate analyses, though the strength of this association was low. On multivariate regression, prevalence of ADHD was negatively associated with COVID-19 prevalence and crude mortality rates, though only the former finding was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The association between ADHD and COVID-19 prevalence and mortality at a national level is inconsistent, modest, and may be largely due to confounding factors such as age, lifestyle factors, and medical comorbidities.
Spontaneous regression and quiescence of choroidal neovascularization secondary to traumatic choroidal rupture depicted on OCT angiography
Authors: Adhi Mehreen , Reinoso Maria
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Choroidal rupture is a tear/break within the Bruch's membrane, retinal pigment epithelium and choroid following blunt trauma. Choroidal neovascularization is a well-known complication of traumatic choroidal rupture that is typically treated with intravitreal injections of Bevacizumab. This case describes an early detection of choroidal neovascular complex secondary to traumatic choroidal rupture and its spontaneous regression and quiescence without treatment followed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography.

Case Description

A healthy 19 year old female presented with decreased vision in her left eye following a blunt non-penetrating closed globe injury two weeks prior. A complete ophthalmic examination with ancillary testing was consistent with sub-foveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to traumatic choroidal rupture. Five weeks later, there was spontaneous regression of the choroidal neovascular complex as depicted on OCT angiography and complete resolution of subretinal fluid/exudation on structural OCT. A conservative approach without intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections was chosen for management.

Conclusion

To the authors’ knowledge this is a first case describing a unique evolution with spontaneous regression and quiescence of choroidal neovascularization secondary to traumatic choroidal rupture without treatment followed using OCT angiography. Expectant management may be a viable treatment option for this condition.
An experimental investigation of surface roughness in 3D-printed PLA items using design of experiments
Authors: Fountas Nikolaos A , Kitsakis Konstantinos , Aslani Kyriaki-Evangelia , Kechagias John D , Vaxevanidis Nikolaos M
Published: November 2021

This work investigates the effect of 3D-printing parameters on surface roughness in polylactic acid printed material by adopting Taguchi's design of experiments approach. The control parameters under study were: number of shells, printing temperature, infill rate, and printing pattern. As the response, mean surface roughness (Ra) was selected. The control parameters were assigned to an L9 orthogonal array to organize the experiments and obtain the mean surface roughness results. It is concluded that printing temperature is the dominant parameter that affects surface roughness when it comes to 3D printing of polylactic acid material followed by printing pattern, infill rate, and the number of shells.
Demand, dysfunction and distribution: The UK growth model from neoliberalism to the knowledge economy
Authors: O’Donovan Nick
Published: November 2021

Theories of ‘growth models’ explain capitalist diversity by reference to shifting drivers of aggregate demand in different national economies. This article expands the growth models framework beyond its conventional focus on debt-driven and export-driven demand, through an ideational analysis of Thatcher’s vision of a property-owning democracy, and Blair’s knowledge-driven growth agenda. Drawing on policymakers’ statements, it shows how these hypothetical growth models differed from the debt-driven growth model that ultimately prevailed. Using data on the distribution of wealth and wages, it highlights how both approaches failed to generate sustainable demand; in Thatcher’s case, because of an insufficiently broad distribution of capital ownership, in Blair’s case, because of an insufficiently broad distribution of lucrative knowledge work. This indicates that explanations of dysfunctional growth models need to consider not just the split of national income between labour and capital, but also the distribution of both labour income and capital income between households.
Fluoroscopy, CT, and MR imaging characteristics of a novel primarily bioresorbable flow-diverting stent for aneurysms
Authors: Morrish Rosalie , Corcoran Ronan , Cooke Jillian , Eesa Muneer , Wong John H , Mitha Alim P
Published: November 2021

Background

Five to ten percent of the global population have unruptured intracranial aneurysms, and ruptured brain aneurysms cause approximately 500,000 deaths a year. Flow-diverting stent treatment is a less invasive intracranial aneurysm treatment that induces aneurysm thrombosis. The imaging characteristics of a novel primarily bioresorbable flow-diverting stent (BFDS) are assessed in comparison to the leading metal stent using fluoroscopy, CT, and MRI.

Methods

X-ray/fluoroscopic images of stents were taken using a human cadaveric skull model. CT and MRI were acquired using silicone flow models of residual aneurysms. Images were analyzed with Likert scales in anonymous surveys by neurointerventionalists. Quantitative measurements of radiographic density (CT) and artifact boundary size (CT & MRI) were also obtained.

Results

Visibility of the BFDS on X-ray was less than the metal stent but deemed adequate for deployment and intraprocedural assessment. The metal stent was more radiopaque than the BFDS on CT, but qualitative assessment was not significantly different for the two stents. MRI imaging was significantly better using the BFDS in terms of overall artifact and intraluminal assessment.

Conclusions

The BFDS has adequate visualization on X-ray/fluoroscopy and should be clinically acceptable for fluoroscopic deployment. On MRI, there is less quantitative artifact as well as overall improved qualitative assessment that will allow for more detailed non-invasive imaging follow-up of treated aneurysms, potentially reducing the need for digital subtraction catheter angiography.
Revisiting the Accounting Fraud Components: A Bottom-Up Approach Using the Twitter Platform
Authors: Tommasetti Roberto , de Oliveira Leite Rodrigo , Mothé Maia Vinicius , da Silva Macedo Marcelo Alvaro
Published: November 2021

Despite the relevant economic and reputational impact of fraud, research in this field remains fragmented. This study aims to create a new framework for accounting fraud, defining its main components from the social media user’s perspective. In terms of research technique, an online data collection using social media platform was used retrieving, through the phyton web crawler procedure, 43,655 tweets containing the phrase “accounting fraud” from July 2006 to December 2019. Individual words were identified and treated within the selected tweets, excluding stop words and, finally, using a sparsity index. The proposed methodology, which overcomes traditional survey inherent bias efficiently, contributes to bridging the divide between academia and society. We find that Twitter users shape the Accounting Fraud Hexagon, composed by (i) The Object and the Tool (of misrepresentation), being the Financials, (ii) The (Guilty) Fraudster, (iii) The Defrauded, (iv) Materiality, (v) The Consequences, and (vi) the Watchdog. Our research has several implications. Our research identifies additional “angles” of vision to the traditional fraud triangle-diamond-pentagon theories compared with the existing top-down conceptual frameworks. Also, since it uses a bottom-up instead of a top-down approach, the study allows a more comprehensive definition of accounting fraud, thus contributing to the debate for a common language in this field. We expect to encourage more research using social media as a tool to test the literature built on in vitro theories empirically.
A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Phonological Awareness and/or Phonics Instruction on Word and Pseudo Word Reading of English as an L2
Authors: Murphy Odo Dennis
Published: November 2021

Despite considerable efforts made to understand the impact that instructional interventions have upon L2 reading development, we still lack a clear picture of the influence that PA and phonics instruction has upon reading in English as an L2. A search of the research literature published from 1990 to 2019 yielded 45 articles with 46 studies containing 3,841 participants in total. Effect sizes were recorded for the effect of various PA and/or phonics instructional interventions on word and pseudo word reading. Results demonstrated that L2 PA and phonics instruction has a moderate effect on L2 word reading ( g = 0.53) and a large effect on pseudo word reading ( g = 1.51). Moderator analyses revealed effects of a number of moderators including testing method, type of PA/phonics intervention, and context where the intervention occurred. Based upon these conclusions, policymakers and educators can provide beginning learners of English as an L2 with PA and phonics instruction that will enable them to read, understand and enjoy English better. Future research should also strive to adhere to more stringent standards of excellence in educational research.
What do Support Professionals do in Schools? Construction and Validation of an Instrument for Assessing Whole-School Prevention and Promotion Strategies
Authors: López Verónica , Olavarría Dayana , Cárdenas Karen , Ortiz Sebastián , Alfaro Nancy , Villalobos-Parada Boris
Published: November 2021

Education policies worldwide have encouraged the entry and permanence of nonteaching support professionals in schools. During the last decade, Chilean regulations have allowed a massive incorporation of these professionals—mostly school psychologists and social workers—in publicly funded schools. However, there is scarce evidence regarding the actions of these professionals, including whether and how they align with whole-school approaches. In this study, we constructed and validated scales to assess professional practices aligned with universal prevention and whole-school approaches deployed by nonteaching professionals in schools. Participants were 329 professionals from municipal, private subsidized, and private Chilean schools. Psychometric properties were analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for construct validation and with Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency. The results show that the instruments had adequate psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability, allowing the assessment of four types of practices: individual socioemotional and academic support, group socioemotional and academic support, leadership practices, and interdisciplinary collaborative practices. We argue that these practices can be theoretically organized based on whole-school prevention and promotion strategies. Preliminary mean comparisons show that the most prevalent practice is through individual supports. We highlight the need to provide sound instruments that may allow comprehensive assessments of the actions deployed by nonteaching support professionals in whole-school improvement efforts.
Clinical, pathological, and molecular features of myelodysplasia cutis
Authors: Delaleu Jérémie , Kim Rathana , Zhao Lin-Pierre , de Masson Adèle , Vignon-Pennamen Marie-Dominique , Cassius Charles , Ram-Wolff Caroline , Bagot Martine , Clappier Emmanuelle , Adès Lionel , Sebert Marie , Bouaziz Jean-David , Fenaux Pierre , Battistella Maxime
Published: November 2021

Applying next-generation sequencing to paired skin and marrow biopsies, Delaleu et al describe an entity they term “myelodysplasia cutis,” comprising histologic features of histiocytoid Sweet syndrome in the skin and a clonally related myelodysplasia in the bone marrow. This can be distinguished from forms of histiocytoid Sweet syndrome not associated with myelodysplastic syndromes, as well as classical neutrophilic Sweet syndrome associated with various malignant and nonmalignant diseases and leukemia cutis where the infiltrating cells are myeloblasts.
Idiopathic purpura fulminans associated with anti-protein S antibodies in children: a multicenter case series and systematic review
Authors: Theron Alexandre , Dautremay Olivier , Boissier Elodie , Zerroukhi Amel , Baleine Julien , Moulis Lionel , Rodière Michel , Schved Jean-François , Duraes Martha , Kanouni Tarik , Cau-Diaz Isabelle , Jeziorski Eric , Biron-Andreani Christine
Published: November 2021

Idiopathic purpura fulminans (IPF) is a rare but severe prothrombotic coagulation disorder that can occur after chickenpox or human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection. IPF leads to an autoantibody-mediated decrease in the plasma concentration of protein S. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving patients with IPF from 13 French pediatric centers and a systematic review of cases in published literature. Eighteen patients were included in our case series, and 34 patients were included as literature review cases. The median age was 4.9 years, and the diagnostic delay after the first signs of viral infection was 7 days. The lower limbs were involved in 49 patients (94%) with typical lesions. In all, 41 patients (78%) had a recent history of varicella-zoster virus infection, and 7 patients (14%) had been infected by HHV-6. Most of the patients received heparin (n = 51; 98%) and fresh frozen plasma transfusions (n = 41; 79%); other treatment options were immunoglobulin infusion, platelet transfusion, corticosteroid therapy, plasmapheresis, and coagulation regulator concentrate infusion. The antithrombin level and platelet count at diagnosis seemed to be associated with severe complications. Given the rarity of this disease, the creation of a prospective international registry is required to consolidate these findings.