bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Scheduling Algorithms for Multimedia Applications over Dual-Stack Network
Authors: Khaleel Jaber Faris
Published: November 2020

This research has been dealing with a topic of dual-stack networks of issues providing Quality of Service (QoS) in (IPv4/IPv6) dual-stack environment and analysis of various applications such as FTP, voice and video of QoS in these networks.

The future IP networks are relied upon to utilize IPv6 instead of IPv4, in light of the fact that IPv6 has been intended to fulfill the future system QoS necessities and IPv6 arrange offers huge points of interest over the current IPv4 organize. It will require a certain investment to change from IPv4 to IPv6. So that IPv4 and IPv6 will exist together amid the change period. In this examination, we embrace the Dual-Stack Transition Mechanism (DSTM) to think about system execution with scheduling algorithms applied QoS methods on (IPv4/IPv6) dual-stack traffic has been executed testbed created specifically for this study, with a view to validate the methods and evaluate the router’s overall execution. This paper is considered three queuing systems which are First In First Out (FIFO), Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) and Priority Queuing (PQ) as a comparative study to investigate their effects on real-time applications in (IPv4/IPv6) dual-stack networks support. Meet the simulation environment OPNET Modeler where the simulation results are collected and analyzed.

The networks that have been styled consist of various pieces as a switch, device node, routers and servers. The performance metrics considered in this paperwork is jitter, end-to-end delay, traffic sent and received etc.
SDN-RA: An Optimized Reschedule Algorithm of SDN Load Balancer for Data Center Networks Based on QoS
Authors: N. Kadim Umniah , J. Mohammed Imad
Published: November 2020

With the development of cloud computing during the latest years, data center networks have become a great topic in both industrial and academic societies. Nevertheless, traditional methods based on manual and hardware devices are burdensome, expensive, and cannot completely utilize the ability of physical network infrastructure. Thus, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has been hyped as one of the best encouraging solutions for future Internet performance. SDN notable by two features; the separation of control plane from the data plane, and providing the network development by programmable capabilities instead of hardware solutions. Current paper introduces an SDN-based optimized Reschedule Algorithm (called SDN-RA) for cloud data center networks. The SDN-RA performance is validated and compared as results to other two corresponding SDN; ECMP and Hedera methods. The simulation environment of current work implemented using Fat-Tree topology over Mininet emulator which is connected to the Ryu-SDN controller. The performance evaluation of SDN-RA shows an increase in the network in terms of throughput and link utilization besides a reduction of RTT delay and loss rate.
CNC Software Control System Using Visual Basic
Authors: M. Basheer Nasseer , A. Abdulla Hasan
Published: November 2020

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines are having a great industrial role in the progress of humanity to furnish an exactly crafted pieces for different tools and instruments. In the last decade their use had become more popular due to the cheap microcontrollers that emerged and still emerging. The 3D printers’ availability made manufacturing of CNC machines simpler. But the need for easing the means to program a CNC machine is still required. This paper gives a software which is intended to make dealing with G-code used with this type of machines easier. This software allows the user to execute manually any step he wants in predefined steps which can be changed on demand, return to origin of working palette, control the working head to any level demanded. Also, it can transform any G-code already prepared to the CNC machine. This software is built using the visual basic vb6.net. The microcontroller used is the Arduino uno, the mechanical set is locally prepared, and the presented application is for line drawing. CNC machines can do a variety of jobs including; drilling, plotting, engraving, laser cut, PCB drilling … etc. This software had been tested successfully for drawing with ability to show the G-code for each manual movement. Applying it to other CNC applications demands changing the operation head and care for each condition application circumstances.
An Effective Load Balancing Algorithm Based on Deadline Constraint Under Cloud Computing
Authors: Ibraheem Arif Khaldun
Published: November 2020

Cloud computing is one of the attractive topics in distributed systems. It provides services on-demand based on pay-as-you-go basis. Task scheduling and load balancing are important research issues in cloud computing. Task scheduling means distributing tasks to resources (Virtual Machines) while load balancing refers to distribution tasks among resources to even workload. In this paper, we propose an Effective Load Balancing Algorithm with Deadline constraint (ELBAD). The ELBAD allocates nearest deadline tasks each time to the highest speed Virtual Machines (VMs) then it balances workload among VMs. The proposed algorithm is compared with other existing algorithms such as FCFS, SJF, Min-Min and EDF and experimental results show superiority of ELBAD over others with respect to minimizing makespan and maximizing resource utilization.
On Hollow acts
Authors: Abdul-Kareem Shaymaa Amer
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we complete an early result by R. Khosravi and M. Roueentan on the hollow act and obtained new properties and characterizations for this notion continues the account of hollow act for commutative monoids begun on 2019. This notion (hollow acts) represents a dual notion to the uniform acts which were submit by M. Roueentan and M. Sedaghatjoo on 2017. An S-act Ms is referred to as hollow act if every subact Ns of Ms is small where a subact Ns is called small (or superfluous) in Ms if for every subact Hs of MS, NS∪HS=MS implies Hs=Ms. Equally, we reformulate this definition in another words as follows: an S-act Ms is referred to as hollow if whenever N1,N2 are subacts of Ms and N1 ∪N2 = Ms implies either N1=Ms or N2= Ms. Conditions under which subacts are inheriting the property of the Hollow act have been examined. As well as the condition on the quotient subact to be Hollow act was studied. Other properties of the small subact differ from those properties which were early studied by the author are investigated. In the interests of simplicity, the relationship between hollow acts and cyclic act is considered. As a consequence, conditions to coincide those classes are shown. Ultimately, the notion of the Hollow act was used to study when the endomorphism monoid will be local.
New Class of Algebraic Fuzzy Systems Using Cubic Soft Sets with their Applications
Authors: Mahmood Khalil Shuker , Naji Hassan Ahmed
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we stratify the connotation of cubic soft sets to ρ– algebras, and introduce the new class of cubic soft algebras like (e – CSp – SA) and (CSp – SA). We show that the R-union of two cubic soft ρ– sualgebras might not be cubic soft ρ– sualgebra. Furthermore, we show the sufficient condition to satisfy that the R-union of two cubic soft ρ– sualgebras is cubic soft ρ– sualgebra. Moreover, some of their basic characteristics are given.
On doubt Intuitionistic fuzzy semi d-ideal of d-algebra
Authors: Khalid Hasan Ali , Ali Saqban Manaal
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we over the concept of doubt intuitionistic fuzzy d-algebra and the notation of doubt intuitionistic fuzzy semi d-ideal with various important properties, also we investigate some connection with a doubt intuitionistic fuzzy d-algebra .
IVIG-Induced Topology From Tritopological Space On Undirected Graphs
Authors: Irhayyim Abed Zainab , Flieh Hassan Asmhan
Published: November 2020

The aim of this article is to associate a tritopological space with undirected graphG= (V,E), i.e. three different topologies induced from the same graph or three different graphs. These tritopologies are the unique three proposed to associate topological spaces with graphs, the first which we proposed recently (Independent Topology) in 2020, the second is (Incidence Topology) proposed in 2018 and the third is proposed in 2013 (Graphic Topology). Then some properties of this tritopological space were investigated. Giving a fundamental step toward studying some properties of undirected graphs by their corresponding tritopological spaces is our motivation.
Efficient Information-Theoretic-Statistical (ITSM) Equation for Face Recognition Technique: Comparison with Statistical Technique and Information-Theoretic Technique
Authors: Redha Abdulhassan Alaa Mohammed , Flieh Hassan Asmhan
Published: November 2020

Spontaneous recognition of human faces is a challenging problem that has install important concern from signal processing researchers in Last years. This is owing to its many uses in various fields, including security and forensic analysis. Notwithstanding this interest, face recognition is yet one of the most challenging troubles. Up to this time, no way gives a good solution to all attitudes. In this paper we present a neoteric mathematical technicality for face recognition. which we call, (ITSM), is Accredit on our lately disseminated efficient information-theoretic-statistical equation (ITSM), which Merge three mathematically balanced equations. The first one is entropic equation (EE), the second one is histogram equation (HE), and the third one is the standard statistic (SSIM). (ITSM) Tested against versus (SSIM) and (ITSSIM) beneath Gaussian noise, so we got good results even beneath a large scale of PSNR. The face recognition with (ITSM) certified on both above measures of a test image and a database images. We performed the performance evaluation with (MATLAB) using part of the Famous (AT&T) gray Image Database that made up of (49) face images, from which we chose seven person and for each one we chose seven Perspectives (poses) with different facial emotions. The Target of this paper is to present an efficient technicality for face recognition that may work in real-time milieu. Through the implementation of our information, facial recognition has been proven with a method (ITSM) Hybrid (information - theoretic-statistical) that surpasses the known statistical technicality of face recognition (SSIM) and a technicality based on information theory known as (ISSIM).
Study of New Derivatives of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and Its Complexes with chromium ion (Cr+3)
Authors: A. Basher Naeem
Published: November 2020

The present study included preparing a new ligand from the thiadiazole derivative 2,5-dihydrazineyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol with 4-Dimethyl amino benzyaldehyde with a ratio of (1:2) to preparing the ligand (L1) Transition ion complexe (Cr3+) were prepared with ligand (L1) and ligand and its complexe were diagnosed using the elemental analysis (C.H.N.S), Infrared spectrum (FTIR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1H-NMR), Mass spectroscopy, magnetic sensitivity and molar conductivity, the practical results were exactly in line with the molecular formula and structural formulas for the compounds.The results obtained from the study of magnetic sensitivity and molar conductivity of the prepared ligand complexe confirmed that the geometry shape of [L1CrCl2]Cl is an octahedral complex . The results of molar conductivity also confirmed that the prepared Chromium complexes is electrolytic . The biological efficacy of the prepared ligand and its complexity were tested against two type of bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Escherichia Coli
in comparison with the standard inhibitor
(Ciprofloxacin)
, the obtained results confirmed the biological efficacy of the prepared ligand above that of the standard inhibitor
(Cipro)
, against of the bacteria Escherichia coli, also the complexe (X1) showed higher biological efficacy than standard inhibitor (Cipro) against
Escherichia coli
(Gram negative), the ligand and its prepared complexe don’t showed biological activity against
Staphylococcus aureus
.
Kinetic Study of Adsorption of Malachite Green Dye on Poly Aniline-Formaldehyde/Chitosan Composite
Authors: A. Naser Juman , A. A. Al-ani Fatimah , M. Radhi Israa , A. Himdan Taki
Published: November 2020

Poly aniline-formaldehyde/chitosan composite (PAFC) was prepared by the in situ polymerization method. It was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy in addition to SEM, EDS and TGA techniques. The adsorption kinetics of malachite green dye (MG) on (PAFC) were studied for various initial concentrations (20, 30 and 40) mg/L at three temperatures (308, 313 and 318) K. The influence factors of adsorption; adsorbent dose, contact time, initial concentration and temperature were investigated. The kinetic studies confirmed that adsorption of MG obeyed the pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption can be controlled through external mass transfer followed by intraparticle diffusion mass transfer. A study of the temperature effect was indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic. The activation energy value for each concentration of the dye was calculated, it is observed that it decreases with increasing initial dye concentration.
Nano-Parctials as corrosion inhibitors for Aluminum alloys in acidic solution at different Temperatures
Authors: Jasim Rasha A. , Kadhim Nafeesa J. , Farhan Ahlam M. , Hadi Muna S.
Published: November 2020

Synthesis of sulfur nanopartical (SNPs) from mixture theosulphate sodium with Alhagi extra plant. When the change of the color after mixture theosulphate sodium with Alhagi extra plant from yellow to brown indicated the synthesis sulfur nanopartical . Atomic forces microscope (AFM) was used to study the surface topology of the formulated sulfur nanopartical was size 82.39nm. The sulfur nanopartical was used protection aluminum from corrosion in acid media, the study corrosion in different temperature,the inhibition efficiency (%IE) of sulfur nanopartical was high in low temperature, therefore the sulfur nanopartical was active inhibition for aluminum in low temperature in acid media. The values of the thermodynamic parameters at different temperatures for Aluminum in presence sulfur nanopartical are higher than in the absence sulfur nanopartical, also the negative value of ΔH* for corrosion processes in absence and presence sulfur nanopartical reveal the exothermic nature of Aluminum.
A comprehensive analytical study of water quality in Al-Khalidiya district in Anbar governorate, Iraq
Authors: Abdulazeez Mahmood Bashar , Eyada Saadoon O. , Najih Abed Qays
Published: November 2020

The study includes physical, chemical and bacteriological measurements of raw and drinking water in Al-Khalidiyah district in Al-Anbar governorate at several areas which are (Al-Khalidiya Central, Al-Sadiqiya, Al-Madiq, Al-Shuhada neighborhood). The collection of samples began in February until April 2019. This study includes the conduct of physical measurements of (temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, suspended solids and dissolved solids) and chemical measurements of (pH and positive ions (calcium magnesium, sodium and potassium), negative ions (sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, alkalinity and total hardness) and bacteriological measurements (M\Plate count1) and (E. Coli).

The results showed that there are a variation in the values from the Iraqi and international standard limits, as there was an increase in electrical conductivity and the concentration of magnesium and sulfate. The rest of the properties did not exceed the limits of Iraqi and international standard. The results were also analyzed statistically using the SPSS statistical program. Direct and inverse correlations between the variables (water properties) were found, as well as the correlation between physical and chemical measurements of different water properties.
Synthesis of hexenyl aryl tellurides and the catalytic activity of their platinum(II) complexes as polysiloxanesupported catalysts in hydrosilylation of olefins
Authors: Al-Rubaie Ali Z. , Al-Khazragie Zainab K.
Published: November 2020

5-hexenyl 1-naphthyl telluride (1) and 5-hexenyl (1,1’-binaphthyl-2-yl) telluride (2) were prepared from the reaction of 1-bromonaphthalene and 2-bromobinaphthalene with di(5-hexenyl) ditelluride in presence of lithium metal. Reaction of 1 and 2 with K2PtCl4 afforded the platinum(II) complexes 3 and 4, respectively in good yields. Silica-bound telluride-platinum complexes were directly synthesized from fumed silica, triethoxysilane and platinum complexes (i.e.
3 and 4). The catalytic activities of polysiloxane-supported platinum complexes were examined with 1-hexene, 1-decene and 1-dodecene at different temperature. It was found that these catalysts are efficient for hydrosilylation of olefins with triethoxysilane.
Removel of a Bsoprolol drug from Aqueous Solutions onto Graphene Oxide/Carboymethyl cellulose sodium / Acryl acid polymer Composite by Adsorption
Authors: Awad Masar A. , Jasim Al-Hayder Layth S.
Published: November 2020

A polymer-based composite hydrogel was synthesized through chemical crosslinking by a free radical polymerization of acryl acid as a monomers and GO. GO/P (CMC -co-AA) was prepared. This composite hydrogel, were synthesized by using potassium persulfate as initiator and N, N -methylene bisacrylamide as cross-linker., X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) . Moreover, GO/P(CMC-co-AA) -structures were studied to show (BSP) adsorption from aqueous solution. The adsorption isotherms of Bisoprolol on the GO/P(CMC-co-AA) composite could be illustrated well by the Freundlich and Langmuir model. The thermodynamic factors (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) estimated, from the temperature-dependent isotherms revealed that the adsorption reaction of Bisoprolol on the GO/P(CMC-co-AA) composite was an exothermic and spontaneous process, obtaining an increase in the thermodynamic stability of the adsorption system . Finally, the results indicated that adsorption process followed two models and demonstrated that intraparticle diffusion plays a significant role in the adsorption mechanism.
Mechanical dry method for synthesis of cobalt metal nano particles
Authors: Kareem Abbas Ali , Kareem Abass Suhad , Matrood Bashi Abbas
Published: November 2020

Cobalt-chloride coordination used as simple solid state method to synthesized in the solid phase, product of magnetic cobalt nano hybride was produce, the complexes undergoes a reversible phase transition, changing color at room temperature. The structure and the morphology of the produced materials was studied using FTIR, SEM and XRD spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements was done, the need of new magnetic materials is distinct interest of researchers on the study of magnetic materials, complexes transform to nanoparticles electromagnetic Cobalt metals were successfully synthesized by dry mechano method, decomposition synthesis was successfully occur . Structure morphology and magnetic properties were studied and reported. properties are characterized by X-ray diffract metric and scanning electronic microscope, SEM
Histopathological study of Cinnamomum zeylanicum equeous extract and Cladosporium sp. Extract on different albino male mice organs
Authors: Abdallah Mays T. , Khalaf Hadeel M. , Muhsin Athraa H.
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to considered as an explorer for In vivo studies on the production of some secondary metabolites from local medical plants named Cinnamomum zeylanicum to study their effect on mice organs that treated with Cladosporium sp. extract (In vivo). Preparation of water extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum. different doses were prepared (20,40,60,80%) of plant which (9) male mice were used and divided into three control group and dosed with distilled water mice were administrated with first dose 1ml/kg of Cladosporium extract for two weeks and mice were administrated Cladosporium with 80% of the aqueous extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum at a dose of 1 ml / kg daily for two weeks. Mice treated with Cladosporium sp. fungal filtrate caused vascular congestion in the tissues of the liver resulting in cell bleeding, in addition to many changes in chromotin in and nuclei sized increased while the results indicate the ability of the mixture between fungal filtrate and Cinnamomum to counteract these adverse effect in mice and return its appearance looks like normal also the kidney of animals treated with Cladosporium fungal filtrate caused retention of congested glomeruli with a large pool of fluids while the result of interaction caused inhibition in radial growth of the fungus and reduced its effectiveness on kidney function and the synthetic form of the tissue.
Using the magnetic and nanotechnology in the treatment of wastewater and its effect on the growth and yield Vigna radiata L
Authors: Mahdi Wael Mohammed , Al – Samarrai Saeb Jasim Mohammad
Published: November 2020

Two laboratory experiments were conducted, the first to obtain the best concentration of nanomaterial’s used Fe3O4 in removing heavy elements from wastewater, and the concentrations were (50, 100, 150, 200, 250) mg.L−1, and the concentration was chosen 100 mg. L−1was the best concentration after achieving the highest rate of removal of heavy elements from wastewater, and the second to test the effect of treated nanoparticles and magnetic particles, and the interference between them in the germination rate of livestock seeds used as a biomarker in sterile plastic plates at a rate of three iterations per treatment and experiment parameters were water treatment River T0 and T1 treatment untreated wastewater and T2 wastewater treatment with nanomaterial’s treatment, T3 magnetic treatment wastewater treatment and T4 treatment, which overlap between the two treatments, and T3 and T4 treatments achieved the highest germination rate of 100% for the two treatments. A field experiment was conducted in Al-Mu’tasim area, 20 km south of Samarra - Salah Al-Din area located at latitude 3771307 and longitude 413224 in July 2019 to see the effect of experiment treatments on some characteristics of the growth ofVigna radiataL. plants, and the results showed that the T4 treatment significantly exceeded all treatment treatments in Some plant growth characteristics such as plant height, leaf area, dry vegetable weight, dry root weight and percentage (43.00, 14.60, 77.95, 71.87)% for trait respectively when compared to T1 treatment which achieved lower mean for the mentioned traits.
Histomorphometric evaluation of the effects of local application of red clover oil (Trifolium pratense) on bone healing in rats
Authors: Kumail Ihsan Abdullah , Jassem Ghazwan H.
Published: November 2020

Objective: Red clover oil (Trifolium pratense) that have isoflavones bunches which estrogen-like exercises and may establish an option in contrast to hormone substitution treatment. The present examination researched the impacts of Red clover oil on bone healing in rats by histomorphometrical study

Methods: Intra bony defect was done in right femur of thirty six males healthy albino rats.Then these rats were randomly divided into three groups (12 rats for each)one control and 2 experimental group. For control, the bony defect left for normal healing, experimental (S)group the defect treated with hemostatic absorbable gelatin sponge,and for experimental (RS)group the bony defect treated with 0.2 ml red clover oil and covered by haemostatic absorbable gelatin sponge. Six rats from each group were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks intervals. Histolomorphometric analysis was performed on H&E bone section of all the studied groups which include counting of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts), trabecular number, trabecular area and bone marrow space area

Results: Histomorphometrical results for bone cells revealed that combination group stimulated large number of osteoblasts and osteocytes than in sponge and control group. Number of new bone trabeculae, trabecular area and bone marrow space area showed high mean value in combination groups than others. Highly significant group difference was observed in all histomorphometric parameters in all duration.

Conclusion:Red clover oil stimulated large number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts that indicate increase bone remodeling especially at 2 weeks interval when compared with sponge and control group.
Dielectric properties and A.C electrical conductivity analysis of (La2O3)1-x(ZnO)x
Authors: Hasan Bushra A. , Issa Hiba H.
Published: November 2020

Summery

The A.C conductivity of three samples of lanthanide oxide : zinc oxide (La2O3)1-x(ZnO)x pellets with different zinc oxide content which were sintered 1273 K temperatures were studied using LRC meters in the frequency range of 50–106 Hz at temperature of 30 °C. The a.c conductivity, was analyzed depending of the universal power law proposed by Jonsher,. The slope of the relation between logarithm of a.c conductivity and angular frequency represent the s value were in the range (0.44-0.77) which found to increase by increasing of zinc oxide content which coincided with the small polaron (SP) model. The dielectric constant ε1 and dialectic loss ε2 where found to show progressive increase by increasing of zinc oxide content. The a.c conductivity showed exponential dependence upon angular frequency for the samples with low zinc oxide content while the conductivity was frequency dependent in the low frequency range by was frequency independent in the high frequency range.
Effect of Germanium Content on the Optical Constants of GexS1-x Thin Films
Authors: Hasan Bushra A. , Kadhim Mohammed Abidalhur
Published: November 2020

In this study the alloys Ge xS1-x with different Ge content (x=0, 0.1,0.2 and 0.3) wt.% have been successfully prepared by evacuated quartz tube under vacuum pressure (10−2Torr), whereas Ge xS1-x thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation technique under vacuum (10−5Torr) with (x=0,0.1,0.2 and 0.3). The optical properties measurements shows that the optical energy gap decrease from (3.4 to 3 eV) with the increase of x content, the optical constants declare significant variation with x content variation.
Preparation Tio2and Zno/Tio2nanocomposites locally and use against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: shaker Stabraq , Mohsin Ali Kamel , edan Mohammed
Published: November 2020

Enhancement antibacterial activities of a nanocomposit metal oxide by modifying the energy band gap are a future of anti-bacterial and viruses. (TiO2and ZnO/TiO2) nanocomposit (NC) were prepared using a simple Sol-Gel method at calcination temperature 400, 500, 600, and 700 C. The structure, morphology and optical properties were utilized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity was measured according to the Kirby-Bauer disc method against Staphylococcus aureus. XRD patterns and FTIR confirmed the presence of TiO2, ZnO nanoparticles (NP) without any change in the main peaks. FESEM pictures illustrated like a spherical shape for all that NCs samples especially at temperature 600 C with an average particle size less than 66nm. UV-Vis spectra showed a shift of absorption edges to a visible region. TiO2/ ZnO NPs showed increase the antibacterial activity against bacteria strains Staphylococcus aureus. That enhancement of the NCs activity might pave the road to significant medical invention in the future.
Enhanced Performance of White Light Generation from ZnS/ZnO Core/Shell Nanocrystals
Authors: Kadim Akeel M.
Published: November 2020

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized to arrangement the ZnS / ZnO core / shell NCs via chemical reaction afterward produced from nanocomposite. The modified development of ZnS / ZnO NCs and the sulfurization and oxidation ecosystems could detect many external appearance and colors. Photoluminescence (PL) was analyzed to determine the properties and optical features of such nanostructures, as well as the energy gap between chemical bands. In addition, material characterizations verified, take in electron microscopy scanning and X-ray diffraction a first rising ZnS/ZnO core / shell nanocrystals. An absorption spectrum of ZnO shells on ZnS cores NCs was limited to development technique. The prepared nanocomposites seemed to have the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and uniform in size limited within 3-4 nm radius. The core / shell nanocomposites ZnS / ZnO NCs are capable of generating white light uses. The white light emission was accomplished by illumination the UV-LED (GaN) nanocomposites of the core ZnS and ZnO cover NC.
Digital Analytical Study toward Air Pollution Effect Upon an Absorption Spectrum for Different Color Pigments
Authors: Ahmed Harith M. , Al-Zuky Ali A. D. , Al-Obaidi Fatin E. M.
Published: November 2020

In urban centers, particulate matter and gaseous emissions as pollutant emissions from industries and auto exhausts are responsible for rising discomfort, increasing airway diseases and deterioration of artistic and cultural patrimony. The presented paper concerns with such topic; smoke effect inside a system designed for this purpose. In such system, a burning incense is used as a source for smoke emission to study its effect upon the absorption spectrum for an ink with different pigments. Results show an evidence to the concept of wavelength absorption/reflection attitude for an ink; ink absorbs the appropriate wavelengths to give rise the required color. The latter evidence is true for all colors expect for white/black pigments. The later pigments have identical curved lines for Red, Green, and Blue bands with a trough (high reflectivity)/peak (high absorption) respectively.
Preparation and fabrication of (Mg,Sn) doped CdO/PSi solar cell by laser induced plasma
Authors: Jasim Awatif S. , Aadim Kadhim A. , Hussein Jasim M.
Published: November 2020

The cadmium oxide films containing both tin and magnesium (Mg, Sn) were deposited on the p-type porous silicon bases at room temperature (300k) with pulsed laser sedimentation technology (PLD). The characteristics of the manufactured cells were studied, which include measuring short circuit current density (JSC) and open circuit voltage (VOC), where it was found that the highest value of short circuit current density was within (6.60mA / cm2) and open circuit voltage (0.54v). It was found that the efficiency of the solar cell increases with an increase in the percentage of vaccination from (0.59) for pure materials to reach (1.76%) for (n-CdO1-x: Snx / P-PSi) and (1. 64%) with respect to films (n-CdO1-X: MgX / P-PSi).
Plasma Diagnostics and Characterizations of Reactive Magnetron Sputtered Copper Nitride Thin Films
Authors: Khalaf Mohammed K. , Saud Nisaan , Muhammed Muhammed Sh.
Published: November 2020

The plasma diagnostics of dc magnetron reactive sputtered copper nitride thin films by Optical emission spectrometer (OES) is investigated and argon / nitrogen effect (Ar/N2) mixture ratio on plasma parameters and structural properties of sputtered Cu3N thin films are discussed. Cu3N thin films of 60.30 nm and 105 nm have been formed on glass substrates at room temperature using Ar(70)/N2(30) and Ar(50)/N2(50) working gas discharges respectively. The size of crystallites, grains and particles in the copper nitride thin films have been estimated from X-ray diffractions, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and Field Emission Scanning microscope (FESEM) respectively. The properties of sputtered copper nitride thin films are related to the plasma parameter of electrons temperature and density.. An increase in optical transmittance and a decrease in absorbance over the wavelength range were found as the nitrogen percentage increased which result on decrease the film thicknesses. The energy of the optical band gap, Eg obtained in the range of 2.6 to 2.7 eV.
The effect of using Nano iron oxide in radiological shielding
Authors: Abdul sttar Muhammed Abdul Kadar , Mkhaiber Ahmed Fadhil , Majeed Aseel Mustafa Abdul
Published: November 2020

In this study, some attenuation parameters of gamma shields were studied. This shields consisting of composite materials of Unsaturated polyester as a base material and Nano iron oxide (Fe2O3) and, micro iron (Fe) as reinforcement materials at different percentages (1, 3,5,7and 9)wt%, and with different thickness (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5and 4) cm. The results showed that the use of nanoparticles is better than the microparticales in the field of radiation shielding. It has been shown that the values of attenuation parameters of gamma it bitter in the case of nanoparticles than case of the use of micro material.
Estimated of U, Rn and Po Concentrations in Smokers Blood Samples Collected from Babylon, Iraq
Authors: Obaed Haider K. , Aswood Murtadha Sh.
Published: November 2020

Because of the greats pressures on humans, there are resorted to smoking without knowing its effects on health. Such symptoms include adult lung cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory infections, kidney failure, congenital abnormalities and chronic bronchitis. Uranium and radon estimation has carried out in 100 smoker and Non-smoker blood samples from Babylon, Iraq, using solid state nuclear track detector (CR-39). The results have been shown the total uranium concentrations in blood smokers and non-smokers samples to be 1.02 ± 0.26 ppb and 0.86 ± 0.17 ppb respectively. On the other side, the total concentrations of radon in blood smokers and non-smokers samples 4.98 ± 0.79 Bqm−3 and 3.59 ± 0.28 Bqm−3 respectively. The total concentrations of uranium and radon in blood samples of smokers are greater than non- smokers blood samples. While, the total polonium (POW) and (POS) for smoker and non- smoker samples to be 0.527 KBqm−3 - 0.127 KBqm−3 and from 0.378 KBqm−3 to 0.091 KBqm–3 respectively. These studies conclude the smoking causes an increase in the concentration of uranium and radon and polonium in the blood of smokers.
Effect of annealing temperature on structure and optical properties of CdO nanocrystaline thin film prepare by chemical bath deposition method
Authors: Jassim Salah Abdul-Jabbar , Nassar Eman Mohammed Ali
Published: November 2020

CdO thin film has been deposited by chemical bath deposition method (CBD) on the glass substrate. Effect of annealing temperature( 573,623 and 673 K) on the structural and optical properties of the films has been investigated. The crystal structure investigated by X-ray diffraction method. Annealed CdO films are polycrystalline in nature with cubic structure having a preferential orientation along (1 1 1) plane. Analysis of XRD indicates that the intensities of peaks of the crystalline phase have increased with the increasing of annealing temperature. The structural parameters for the CdO thin films as the grain size, strain, dislocation density, and texture coefficient were calculated. Particle size for the preferential orientation at different annealing temperature is (16.95, 18.24 nm) for annealing temperature 623 and 673 K respectively. Optical properties study of CdO thin films using UV-vis spectrophotometer shows blue shift in the energy band gap as an indication of quantum confinement. It is observed that the band gap energy decreases with increasing of annealing temperature. The direct and indirect band gap energy values were found to be (2.95 2.87) and (1.945,1.914) eV respectively.
Assessment CO2 Emission Intensity of Crude Oil Production in Iraq
Authors: Abd al rukabie Jamal S. , Hassan Ahmed S. , Kadhum Jasim H.
Published: November 2020

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Intensity (CDEI) in Iraq correlated between carbon dioxide emission (kg CO2) and crude oil production (COP) (kg oil equivalent). This relationship is important for industry and energy sectors to the achievement of their economic and environmental goal, then to know a common pattern of emissions intensity. The sources of data set from Carbon Dioxide Information analysis center (CDIAC), contain: total CO2 emission, COP from Iraqi Ministry of oil and Iraqi crude oil production increased over time and about (more than 80%) from Basra city. Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) was calculated.

CDEI was nonlinear behavior that high level in the 1970s then decreased to reach 1.707 kg co2 / kgoil equivalent in 1997, and CDEI was more sensitive to COP than total CO2 emissions. EKC maximum values present in early 1970s and in 2004 present highest value was (0.082 metric ton / current US$ person). COP was unstable level, fluctuation between (1-3) mb/d, till reach 4.29 mb/d as average in 2019.
FTIR- Spectrum of Zinc nanoparticle by Laser ablation technique in liquid
Authors: Ali Al-kifaie Abbas. M.
Published: November 2020

In this research zinc nanoparticles metal were prepared by laser ablation method using zinc novel metal. The Zn nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The optical properties of particles were studied an FTIR spectrum. FTIR spectra confirmed the adsorption of surfactant molecules at the surface of Zn nanoparticles and presence of Zn bonding. The result reported increase in wavenumber with energy supplied and reduce in transmittance.
Al- Doped Graphene as a Sensor for Toxic Gases Using The Density Functional Theory
Authors: Mohammed Hussam Shoab , Mohammed Hassan Abd-Ulzahra , Muhamad Qusay Bassim , Abojassim Ali Abid
Published: November 2020

The electronic properties of the C35Al molecule grapheme sheet was meant to be examined by conducting the study in hand in addition to those accumulation of C35Al over other toxic gases molecules, namely CO and H2S, through the application of DFT, which is the Density Functional Theory. Going through a systematic study, both of the geometrical structure and the electronic characteristics possessed by the doped grapheme molecules were compared to the pristine grapheme C36 after being thoroughly examined. A number of functionalized and dodecahedral derivatives were studied at the B3LYP that is functional and basis 6-31G. After examining a number of functionalized and dodecahedral derivatives at the B3LYP that is considered functional as well as the basis set 6- 31G( d,p) level of the (DFT), which is the Density Functional Theory. After that, as the energies, relative and formative, of the compounds, occupancy, the greatest molecular orbit that is occupied (HOMO) as well as the smallest molecular orbit that is unoccupied LUMO), the gap between the energies ( LUMO - HOMO) was calculated. As the Co and the H2S possess adsorption characteristics that appears at the graphene sheet surface (C35Al), these characteristics were also studied by DFT. Furthermore, the apparent and possible chemical properties or the Fermi energy that the graphene sheet (C35Al) has as well as the molecules of the gas were also studied. It was found that the energy values that are considered those of the adsorption characteristics of the gas molecule are condensed. Therefore, the sensor is going to go through periods of recovery. The results that were discovered were indicative of the fact that greater numbers of EHOMO in relation to the CO adsorption of the C35Al graphene sheet, which was (-7.1507 eV), displaying that the molecule is less likely to donate electrons as ELUMO value is smaller to the H2S adsorption of the C35Al sheet of graphene, which is (- 5.3358 eV). What these values illustrate is that the molecule is more likely to receive electrons as well as lesser rates of the adsorption of Eads H2S on the C35Al sheet of graphene is (0.2721 eV). These values show that a propensity of the molecule used as a sensor.
Patients effective dose estimation during AP pelvis radiography in some hospitals of Al Najaf city, Iraq
Authors: Mraity Hussien Abid Ali , Harees Hayder Abbas
Published: November 2020

Background: Monitoring patients radiation dose during anterior-posterior (AP) pelvis radiography is of paramount importance. This is due to the existence of the gonads within the pelvic region.

Objective: The purpose of this work is to estimate effective dose (ED) for adult patients who examined for AP pelvis radiography in the governmental hospitals of Al Najaf city-Iraq.

Materials and methods: The ED was estimated for 64 patients (male and female) who undertaking AP pelvis radiography using CALDOSE-X5 Monte Carlo software. The calculation of the ED was based on the measurements of X-ray tube output and the knowledge of exposure factors. The X- ray output was measured using Rad-Check ionization chamber for each X-ray tube. In total, seven X-ray tubes were enrolled to assess the patients’ ED. Exposure factors includes tube potential (kVp), tube loading (mAs) and X-ray source to image detector distance-SID (cm)); these were recorded for each patient together with their demographic data (weight(kg) and height(m)). Five major hospitals were considered in this work (i.e. Al Sadder, Al Hakeem, Al Furat, Al Manzrah and Middel Euphrates cancer center).

Results: The average value of the estimated ED was ranged from 0.156±0.041 mSv to 0.4068±0.049 mSv across all hospitals. The value of max/min of the ED was ranged from 1.25 to 2.58 across different hospitals. The corresponding average values of the kVp used for this examination was ranged from 75 to 113.75 kVp; mAs: ranged from 11.7 to 42.1 mAs and for the SID the range was between 100 and 140.6 cm.

Conclusion: The resulted data demonstrate there is a clear variability in patient dose and exposure factors set among the selected hospitals. The ED values were seen to be slightly lower than those reported by the UK (Survey-2010, 0.284 mSv) and were higher than those reported by certain countries (e.g. Canada, Ghana etc.). Overall, a periodic checking together with conducting a quality control testing is highly recommended.
Investigation effect of ZnO content on the structural and electrical properties of pulsed laser deposited (NiO)1-x (ZnO)x thin films
Authors: Fadle Ameer J. , Alhur Mohmmed Ebd , Hasan Bushra A.
Published: November 2020

This research is devoted to the effect of investigation of the ZnO content on the structural and electrical properties of (NiO)1-x (ZnO)x films prepared by pulsed laser precipitation on the glass substrate at room temperature. Thin-film (NiO)1-x (ZnO)x sediments were deposited with different composition ratios where x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1.0 with a thickness of n150nm. The diffraction pattern for X-ray analysis reveals that the structure of the prepared thin films is identical with the cubic phase and hexadecimal stage of x = 0 and 0.1, respectively while the structure is mixed with the remaining x value from both stages. It involves studying the conductivity versus temperature to estimate conduction mechanisms and the Hall effect for determining type and carrier concentration as well as movement values. The results showed that there are two connection mechanisms and thus activation energies. Hall Effect showed that most of the prepared thin films were converted from type p to n of type x at = 0.2 and 1.0. Concentration of the carrier increases twice the volume while the mobility decreases by two degrees of volume by increasing the ZnO content from 0.0 to 1.0. The results were explained in terms of variation in the size of the crystals by increasing the ZnO content in the prepared thin films.
External and Internal Hazard indices in fly ash samples from Al-Hartha thermal power station
Authors: Ahmed Israa kamil
Published: November 2020

In the presented study, internal and external hazard indices for fly ash’s samples were measured from Al-Hartha thermal power station in the south part of Al-Basra province in Iraq. Eight samples were taken from different places inside the station. The samples were collected at year 2018 and compared with a previous study at 2014.

The range of total values (highest value and lowest value) related to the internal and external hazard indices was Hin = 1.374 - 0.612 and Hex = 1.003-0.529, respectively.

Therefore, it is noted that some Hin and Hex values are considered higher than the permissible limits set by international organizations, especially the S4 sample, taking into account that the values of radiation risk factors should be less than one (≤1) to be negligible. Therefore, the results of the measurements showed that the values of hazard indices related to some samples of fly ash that were taken from Al-Hartha thermal electric power station in Al- Basra are higher than the internationally permissible limits.
Measurement of the thermo-optic coefficient and Ring surface profile of sulfadiazine azo dye by using milli watts cw laser beams
Authors: Fakher Alfahed R. K. , Badran Hussain A. , Razzooqi Fouad Zuhair , Mohammad Kareem K
Published: November 2020

We report on the observation of thermal lens as well as multiple diffraction ring patterns due to the irradiation of the azo dye “1.8-Dihydroxy-naphthalin-3, 6 disulfonic acid [2-(4-Azo)]-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-benzene sulfonamide” at same time by three continuous wave, green (λ=532 nm), red (λ=635 nm) and blue (λ=473 nm), laser beams. This effect we observed at power input less than 10 mW for the pump 532 nm green laser and as low as 50 μW of beams from other two wavelengths. The number of rings for all three beams is totally controlled by the level of pump input power. The optical limiting of the azo dye solution using the 532 nm green laser beam is also demonstrated. The change in the material refractive index, Δn, the nonlinear refractive index, n
2, and the thermo-optical coefficient dn/dT are calculated based on thermal lens and diffraction ring techniques. The three quantities are found to be in the range of 10−4, 10−7
cm
2/W and 10−5
K
−1 respectively by both techniques.
Silver and Cadmium Mattel segment Doping by DC Sputtering
Authors: Jabbar Laith A. S. , Mohammed Asmaa Hadi , Hassan Ehssan S.
Published: November 2020

This research deals with the process of deforming cadmium metal with silver metal directly by planting pieces of silver cylindrical shape on the surface of the target material of cadmium and by using the DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique deposit on a glass substrate. The flow rate of argon and oxygen gases fixed to (90 and 10) sccm and sputter time was 120 min per model (0, 1, 2 and 3) Ag chips, the current of sputtering and the voltage of sputtering were kept within the process of deposition at 18 mA and 1300 V, The temperature of substrate had been set at 150°C. The structural properties showed that all films prepared have a polycrystalline diffraction pattern with a predominant orientation of the plane (111) and an increase in the size of the crystal from 17.17 nm to 19.30 nm with the number increases of chips above the surface of target material, and the growing of spherical nanoparticles with a diameter ranges from (25- 40) nm
The Influence of Solar Radiation on Ozone Column Weight over Baghdad City
Authors: Nassif Wedyan G. , Al-Taai Osama T. , Abbood Zainab M.
Published: November 2020

The ozone layer is part of the atmosphere surrounding Earth. This layer, like anything natural, depends on the balance in its quantitative components, but in front of human aspirations that reach the level of destruction. Make these chemicals a factor in destroying and destroying the ozone layer. Ozone is found naturally in the stratosphere due to a series of interactions between partial oxygenation and atoms. The methods used in the study depend on the monthly and yearly average Ozone (O3), Incident Solar Radiation (ISR) and Temperature (T) taken from the European Mediterranean Weather Forecast (ECMWF) during the period (2014-2018) for the Baghdad region. The largest ozone value was recorded in March and April, and the lowest in September and October. The highest value of Incident Solar Radiation was recorded during June and July and the lowest value in January and December, while the highest value of temperature was during July and August, and the lowest value in January and December. As for seasonal analysis, it was observed that ozone was high during spring and low during summer and Incident Solar Radiation (ISR) and T were observed high in summer and less in winter. In addition, the binding strength of ozone (O3) with ISR was positive and O3 with T inverse.