bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE CURRENT STATE OF TEACHING IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF UPDATING THE CONTENT OF EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Pavlodar State Pedagogical University, Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan, Suleimenova G.A. , Satynskaya A.K. ,   Innovative University Of Eurasia, Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article deals with issues related to the teaching of integrated lessons in the preparation of future primary school teachers in the framework of updating the content of education in the Republic of Kazakhstan.Analysis of the educational development program and its implementation is carried out. It is also noted that the new model of education makes new demands in the training of teaching staff and changing the goals and methods of teaching in the framework of an innovative learning approach and changing the program and methodological support of the educational process; searching for new forms of evaluation of students’learning achievements.The article discusses the competence approach in teaching, the question of what should be a modern integrated student in primary school. New approaches and new requirements for the methodology of teaching the school course of the Russian language and reading, one of which is the idea of integration in the education, are proposed in the present article.
THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WITHIN THE UPDATED CONTENT OF EDUCATION
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Karasheva Zh. , Iskakova L.M. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article is an intensive search for new ways and forms of improving the quality of training of future primary school teachers in the higher education system with sufficiently deep scientific knowledge, research, pedagogical and methodological skills. The professional training of the future teacher, his pedagogical skills, qualifications, knowledge, intellectual and general culture are considered. The professionalism of a modern teacher is reflected in the fact that he solves communicative problems not intuitively, but consciously, on the basis of psychological and pedagogical laws.Teachers note a low level of individual and personal foundations of communication skills among schoolchildren, which negatively affects the results and quality of their practical, grammatical and external speech skills, constructive communication, subsequent social self-realization and productivity.
THE PHENOMENON OF MEANING FORMATION IN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH
Authors:   Kazakh national pedagogical university Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan, Tazhibayev T.B. , Tolegenova A.S. ,   Kazakh national pedagogical university Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article examines the works of the authors on the formation of meaning. The structure of a personality is determined by its directionality, and directionality takes a leading place as a system-forming component of personality traits, which determines its mental structure. Value guidelines, which are a system-forming element of the personality structure, are the basis of its orientation, which by its nature is social in nature. Orientation becomes the value of the individual only if there is meaning, the need to move from the "subject-object" relationship to the "subject-subject" circle of communication is noted for the development of this value relationship. It has also been shown that the transition from individual activity to joint activity is an effective way of forming meaning.
FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG SOLDIERS
Authors:   Kazakh national pedagogical University named after Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan, Karakulova Z.Sh. , Toktakulinov A.A. ,   Kazakh national pedagogical University named after Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

This article examines the features and importance of the development of emotional intelligence in military personnel. Emotional intelligence is a collective term that implies a person's ability to identify emotions, to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people and their own, as well as the ability to manage their emotions and the emotions of others. Factors of subjective control and its relationship with low levels of empathic abilities.
MEANING FORMATION IN JOINT ACTIVITIES AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Tazhibayev T.B. , Bekzhursin P.T. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan, Almaty
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of the development of emotional intelligence of the individual. The article considers the possibility of developing emotional intelligence. The paper substantiates the need for the development of this personal quality, as well as its importance for the successful socialization of the individual, his personal growth. Also, the scientific article considers the meaning formation in the learning process as the basis for the development of emotional intelligence of the individual. The paper analyzes the essence of the concept of "emotional intelligence", considers its structural components. The study presents the conditions and the main stages of the formation of emotional intelligence of the individual.
RESEARCH ON ANXIETY IN STUDENTS OF VARIOUS SPECIALTIES
Authors:   Kazakh national pedagogical University named after Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan, Satova A.K. , Rymzhanova G.Sh. ,   Kazakh national pedagogical University named after Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

This article examines the concept of «anxiety» as an urgent psychological problem among students. The paper presents the results of a study of reactive (situational) and personal anxiety in students of different areas of training, and their relationship with indicators of self-esteem a social intelligence. In the course of the research, testing was carried out among 93 respondents aged 16 to 22 years. As a result of studies of the level of anxiety (methodology of Ch.D. Spielberger, adaptation of Yu.L. Khanin), it was revealed that there is no positive correlation between the level of anxiety and indicators of self-esteem and social intelligence in this category of students.
Physical and chemical properties of urban aerosols in São Paulo, Brazil: links between composition and size distribution of submicron particles
Authors: Monteiro dos Santos Djacinto , Rizzo Luciana Varanda , Carbone Samara , Schlag Patrick , Artaxo Paulo
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In this work, the relationships between size and composition of submicron
particles (PM1) were analyzed at an urban site in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), a megacity with about 21 million inhabitants. The measurements were carried out from 20 December 2016 to 15 March 2017. The chemical composition was measured with an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor and size distribution with a TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer 3082. PM1 mass concentrations in the MASP had an average mass concentration of 11.4 µg m−3. Organic aerosol (OA) dominated the PM1 composition (56 %), followed by sulfate (15 %) and equivalent black carbon (eBC, 13 %). Four OA
classes were identified using positive matrix factorization: oxygenated
organic aerosol (OOA, 40 % of OA), biomass burning organic aerosol
(BBOA, 13 %), and two hydrocarbon-like OA components (a typical HOA related to vehicular emissions (16 %) and a second HOA
(21 %) representing a mix of anthropogenic sources). Particle number concentrations averaged 12 100±6900 cm−3, dominated by the Aitken mode. The accumulation mode increased under relatively high-PM1 conditions, suggesting an enhancement of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production. Conversely, the contribution of nucleation-mode particles was less dependent on PM1 levels, consistent with vehicular emissions. The relationship between aerosol size modes and PM1 composition was assessed by multilinear regression (MLR) models. Secondary inorganic aerosols were partitioned between Aitken and accumulation modes, related to condensation particle growth processes. Submicron mass loading in the accumulation mode was mostly associated with highly oxidized OOA and also traffic-related emissions. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first work that uses the MLR methodology to estimate the chemical composition of the different aerosol size modes. The chemical composition with size-dependent PM provides innovative information on the properties of both primary and secondary organic aerosols, as well as inorganic aerosols in a complex urban environment. The results emphasize the relevance of vehicular emissions to the air quality at MASP and
highlight the key role of secondary processes on the PM1 ambient
concentrations in the region since 56 % of PM1 mass loading was attributed to SOA and secondary inorganic aerosol.
Determination of free amino acids, saccharides, and selected microbes in biogenic atmospheric aerosols – seasonal variations, particle size distribution, chemical and microbial relations
Authors: Ruiz-Jimenez Jose , Okuljar Magdalena , Sietiö Outi-Maaria , Demaria Giorgia , Liangsupree Thanaporn , Zagatti Elisa , Aalto Juho , Hartonen Kari , Heinonsalo Jussi , Bäck Jaana , Petäjä Tuukka , Riekkola Marja-Liisa
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) play an important
role in the interaction between biosphere, atmosphere, and climate, affecting
cloud and precipitation formation processes. The presence of pollen, plant
fragments, spores, bacteria, algae, and viruses in PBAPs is well known. In
order to explore the complex interrelationships between airborne and
particulate chemical tracers (amino acids, saccharides), gene copy numbers
(16S and 18S for bacteria and fungi, respectively), gas phase chemistry, and
the particle size distribution, 84 size-segregated aerosol samples from four
particle size fractions (< 1.0, 1.0–2.5, 2.5–10, and > 10 µm) were collected at the SMEAR II station,
Finland, in autumn 2017. The gene copy numbers and size distributions of
bacteria, Pseudomonas, and fungi in biogenic aerosols were determined by DNA extraction
and amplification. In addition, free amino acids (19) and saccharides (8)
were analysed in aerosol samples by hydrophilic interaction liquid
chromatography–mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS). Different machine learning
(ML) approaches, such as cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, neural
network analysis, and multiple linear regression (MLR), were used for the clarification
of several aspects related to the composition of biogenic aerosols. Clear
variations in composition as a function of the particle
size were observed. In most cases, the highest concentration values and gene copy numbers (in
the case of microbes) were observed for 2.5–10 µm particles, followed
by > 10, 1–2.5, and < 1.0 µm particles.
In addition, different variables related to the air and soil temperature,
the UV radiation, and the amount of water in the soil affected the
composition of biogenic aerosols. In terms of interpreting the results, MLR provided the greatest improvement over classical
statistical approaches such as Pearson correlation among the ML approaches considered. In all cases, the
explained variance was over 91 %. The great variability of the samples
hindered the clarification of common patterns when evaluating the
relation between the presence of microbes and the chemical composition of
biogenic aerosols. Finally, positive correlations were observed between
gas-phase VOCs (such as acetone, toluene, methanol, and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol)
and the gene copy numbers of microbes in biogenic aerosols.
Vibration error compensation algorithm in the development of laser interference absolute gravimeters
Authors: Wu Qiong , Teng Yuntian , Wang Xiaomei , Wu Yanxiong , Zhang Yang
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Measurement error arising from vibration interference is recognized as the
primary obstacle limiting the accuracy and stability of laser interference
absolute gravimeters. The present work addresses this issue by proposing a
global search optimization algorithm that determines the optimal absolute
value of gravity based on the measured time–displacement coordinates of a
falling body and the signal obtained from the passive vibration isolation
system of the inertial reference corner cube in a laser interference absolute
gravimeter. Results of numerical calculations conducted under vibration
interference conditions with added white noise resulting in a signal-to-noise
ratio of 40 dB demonstrate the following.
The accuracy and
standard deviation of the gravimeter obtained using the proposed algorithm are
−0.04 µGal (1µGal=1×10-8 m s−2) and
0.24 µGal, respectively, while those values obtained by the
standard least-squares solution are 10.19 and
154.11 µGal, respectively. The test results indicate that the
average response of the reference value of acceleration due to gravity
superimposed by a disturbance of 1.00 µGal is
1.01 µGal using the proposed algorithm and 0.87 µGal
using the standard least-squares solution.
Virtual decoupling to break the Simplification Versus Resolution Trade Off in NMR of Complex Metabolic Mixtures
Authors: Charlier Cyril , Cox Neil , Prud'homme Sophie Martine , Geffard Alain , Nuzillard Jean-Marc , Luy Burkhard , Lippens Guy
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The HSQC experiment developed by Bodenhausen and Ruben (Bodenhausen and Ruben, 1980) in the early days of modern NMR is without a doubt one of the most widely used experiments, with applications in almost every aspect of NMR including metabolomics. Acquiring this experiment however always implies a trade-off: simplification versus resolution. Here, we present a method that artificially lifts this barrier, and demonstrate its application towards metabolite identification in a complex mixture. Based on the measurement of CLean In-Phase and CLean Anti-Phase (CLIP/CLAP) HSQC spectra (Enthart et al., 2008), we construct a virtually decoupled HSQC (vd-HSQC) spectrum that maintains the highest possible resolution in the proton dimension. Combining this vd-HSQC spectrum with a J-resolved spectrum (Pell and Keeler, 2007) provides useful information for the one-dimensional proton spectrum assignment and for the identification of metabolites in Dreissena polymorpha (Prud’homme et al., 2020).
Impact of information presentation on interpretability of spatial hazard information: Lessons from a study in avalanche safety
Authors: Fisher Kathryn C. , Haegeli Pascal , Mair Patrick
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Avalanche warning services publish avalanche condition reports, often called avalanche bulletins, to help backcountry recreationists make informed risk management decisions about when and where to travel in avalanche terrain. To be successful, the information presented in bulletins must be properly understood and applied prior to entering avalanche terrain. However, few avalanche bulletin elements have been empirically tested for their efficacy in communicating hazard information. The objective of this study is to explicitly test the effectiveness of three different graphics representing the aspect and elevation of avalanche problems on users’ ability to apply the information. To address this question, we conducted an online survey that presented participants with one of three graphic renderings of avalanche problem information and asked them to rank a series of route options in order of their exposure to the described hazard. Following completion of route ranking tasks, users were presented with all three graphics and asked to rate how effective they thought the graphics were. Our analysis dataset included responses from 3,056 backcountry recreationists with a variety of backgrounds and avalanche safety training levels. Using a series of generalized linear mixed effects models, our analysis shows that a graphic format that combines the aspect and elevation information for each avalanche problem is the most effective graphic for helping users understand the avalanche hazard conditions because it resulted in higher success in picking the correct exposure ranking, faster completion times, and was rated by users to be the most effective. These results are consistent with existing research on the impact of graphics on cognitive load and can be applied by avalanche warning services to improve the communication of avalanche hazard to readers of their avalanche bulletins.
Romper con el paternalismo, el empoderamiento de las personas
Authors: Martinez Lobo Maria , Alonso Galilea Miryam
Published: June 2021

En este artículo se describe lo que es empoderamiento versus paternalismo. Las diferentes definiciones y acepciones para el mismo término. Posteriormente se analizan las escalas de evaluación, destacando la Escala de Agencia Personal y Empoderamiento (ESAGE) que mide la autoeficacia, autonomía, autodeterminación y control. En cuanto a la metodología se analiza en distintos niveles de análisis: individual, grupal, organizacional y comunitario. Se analiza el empoderamiento como un proceso social multidimensional para la potenciación a nivel psicológico, nivel organizacional y nivel comunitario. El artículo finaliza, con el ejemplo de un caso práctico, una mujer con trastorno mental grave y su proceso de empoderamiento y potenciación
Penentuan Kebutuhan Injeksi Ammonia untuk Meningkatkan pH pada Air Umpan Boiler: Studi Kasus di PT. XYZ Sumatera Utara
Authors: Simatupang Dimas Frananta , Ramadhani Ramadhani
Published: June 2021

Air umpan boiler di PT. XYZ berasal dari air laut. Pengolahan air laut menjadi air umpan boiler melewati beberapa tahapan dengan tujuan untuk menghilangkan pengotor, kadar garam, ion-ion dan gas terlarut yang ada pada air laut. Salah satu parameter mutu air umpan boiler adalah memiliki pH dengan standar pabrik 9,2-9,6. pH yang tidak memenuhi standar pabrik dapat menyebabkan korosi pada pipa dan boiler. Untuk mencapai pH yang sesuai dengan standar pabrik maka harus dilakukan treatment lanjutan berupa penambahan ammonia yang mampu meningkatkan pH pada air umpan boiler. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan penentuan kebutuhan injeksi ammonia untuk meningkatkan pH pada air umpan boiler. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan data primer langsung dari pabrik, analisa pH sampel dengan pH meter dan penentuan kebutuhan ammonia dengan perhitungan stoikiometri. Dari analisa dan perhitungan diperoleh hasil bahwa rata-rata kebutuhan ammonia yang sesuai standar pabrik untuk meningkatkan pH air umpan boiler adalah 0,0843 Kg/jam dengan rentang pH 9,2-9,53. Semakin tinggi frekuensi bukaan pompa maka kenaikan pH air umpan boiler semakin turun
Development of Noxological Culture in Students Teaching Occupational Safety and Health in Pedagogical Institutions of Higher Education
Authors: Kravchenko Lesіa V.
Published: June 2021

The development of noxological culture in students of pedagogical educational institutions is an urgent issue, as it is associated with the state of protection of the individual and society from internal and external threats in everyday life. The purpose of the study was to analyse the discipline “Occupational Safety and Health”, which plays an important role in understanding the potential hazards associated with human activities and forms risk-oriented thinking. The following methods were used in the research process to establish the relationship between noxological culture and the safety of future teachers: elementary-theoretical analysis and synthesis of factual material, axiomatic method, and generalisation. The concept of noxology and noxological culture of personality is considered. As a result of the study, it was determined that noxological culture constitutes an important structural component of life safety, and forms an integral part of the professional culture of every future specialist. The important role of the discipline “Occupational Safety and Health” in the development of noxological culture of students is determined. The components of noxological competence are considered. The important role of pedagogical higher education in the process of development of scientifically substantiated criteria of possible risk is identified. The study of the above discipline forms a system of knowledge regarding the nature of hazards, their features and ways to reduce risk and their occurrence
Interpretation of the Category of Stress Resistance in Psychology
Authors: Kohut Oleksandra O.
Published: June 2021

The relevance of the study is determined by the ambiguity of the interpretation of the concept of “stress resistance”, as a result of which there are difficulties in providing assistance to persons suffering from extremely difficult situations. The purpose of the study is to provide the author's interpretation of the category “personality stress”, which summarises the various definitions. To achieve this goal, the author relies on a methodology of a systematic approach that provides clarity in the understanding of the studied category, order and the ability to summarise research information that existed in the form of disparate elements of the disclosure of something more holistic. The author's definition of stress resistance as a complex integrative systemic property of personality, where the components of its structure (psychophysiological, emotional, cognitive, volitional) are in a certain ratio and form a holistic structure – a stable internal organisation that determines the quality and development of the system. It has been found that different definitions of the term are used in relation to the conditions of stress and areas of mental personality. It is confirmed that vitality is used to denote the adaptive properties of a person who overcomes extremely difficult living conditions. It is substantiated that stress resistance in extreme conditions indicates physiological endurance and depends on the skills of self-regulation to restore homeostasis in life-threatening situations. It is noted that the term “resilience” is better used in difficult communication, which violates the emotional balance of the individual. It is stated that spiritual stability determines the strength of will of a person seeking freedom. The practical value of the research is that the scientific developments on the subject matter have received a clear structural and systemic basis, which makes provision for opportunities to more objectively and holistically approach the solution of problems related to stress
Modern Approaches to the Prevention of Deviant Behaviour in the Activities of Psychological Services
Authors: Mahdysiuk Liudmyla I. , Demchuk Violeta B. , Pavlova Bohdana V.
Published: June 2021

The study presents modern approaches to the prevention of deviant behaviour used by the psychological service. The relevance of this subject matter is due to the rapid spread of deviant behaviour among adolescents and young adults. The purpose of the study is to analyse the features of the psychological service in work with persons with deviant behaviour. The paper uses theoretical methods of analysis of the research problem, based on which the prospect of further research in the empirical aspect is highlighted. In accordance with the tasks set, the study analysed the main aspects and objectives of the modern psychological service. Features of deviant behaviour among adolescents and young people and its main causes are highlighted. Current approaches to preventing the spread and reduction of deviant behaviour in the work of psychological services are described. The theoretical study revealed that modern approaches to the prevention of deviant behaviour, operated by the psychological service, are described by the presence of primary theoretical knowledge about the features of deviant behaviour in its employees, in particular, the causes and factors of its occurrence. The orientation of preventive work towards elimination and prevention of deviant behaviour within the tasks and competences of the psychological service is substantiated. It is indicated that taking into account the theoretical foundations of the concept of deviant behaviour, employees of the psychological service develop a plan for providing psychological assistance, which calls for systematic, phased preventive work. The need to use modern methods of preventive approaches, including training sessions, the use of information technology and psychological art therapy techniques, has been confirmed. This approach, identified as a result of theoretical research, will ensure the effectiveness of preventive work of the psychological service towards prevention of deviant behaviour
Customary Practices and the Issues of Women Property Rights: Case Study of South Punjab (2007-2014)
Authors: Shabbir Syed Waqas , Malik Nazia , Rizwan Muhammad , Hashim Muhammad
Published: June 2021

The world is facing gender related problems in which women’s are discriminated against in almost all walks of life. The present research is focusing on the issues of women. i.e, exchange marriages, women property rights and their maintenance after divorce in South Punjab. The objective of this study is to unveil the structural constraints in the society which have hamperedthe freedom and the autonomy of women. These constraints are operational in the domain of legal-judicial and administration-policing social system of the state that has made the access of women difficult to get the redress and relief against the violation of their rights. In this research, an interpretative mode of research is being used to unfold the relationship of different variables. Some of the variables have their connections on the bases of their influence on the nature of the women’s right in the social setup of South Punjab. Among these variables, independent ones are customary practices prevailing religious doctrines and the sources of materials means. The particular nature of the study and scientific approach of the research, it seemed appropriate to apply quota sampling technique for the selection of court cases. The especially court cases has been segregated to project women image of this region. In this study categories of the cases on the basis of different variables collected from targeted three districts as judgments pronounced and established under family and session court under districts Multan, Muzaffargarh and Dera Ghazi Khan during the period from (2007 to 2014).This study includes ten cases, all related to the rights of women and customary practises. This study had also tried to show the how far judicial decisions were in favor of women to make them capable to empower in the emerging challenges of the time. The study in its analysis tried to show the effectiveness of prevailing family laws to enhance status of women.
Workplace Harassment of Working Women: A Case Study Of District Dera Ghazi Khan (DG-Kan)
Authors: Khan Aisha , Masroor Uzma
Published: June 2021

This study is an attempt to assess the implementation of women’s rights in Pakistan and challenges confronted by women. It also evaluated the contribution of working women’s voice against workplace harassment. The population consisted of all the public/private institutions in DG Khan, where women are employed. Total number of 180 respondents was selected as a sample size through purposive sampling method.The results reveal that harassment is routinely practiced at workplace in Pakistan and has genuinely impacted the working women to carryout work effectively. Most of the respondents were aware of women rights but were unaware about protection against harassment of women at the workplace Act, 2010.The research suggests strong interventions to provide training to women and to scrutinize disturbing factors at workplace for women. In the light of the findings it is recommended that the females may know about their rights and employers may adopt the protective measures and anti- harassment policy needs to be organized with the help of employers, managers and legislative bodies.
Factors Identification for Human Development Index
Authors: Javaid Anam , Akbar Atif
Published: June 2021

Human development index matters a lot for the economic condition of a country. It can be calculated with the help of the education index, health index, and GDP. So, by looking only at the value of the human development index (HDI), the economy of the country can be judged. The contribution of this research project is the identification of factors related to human development. The factors include the availability of the basic necessities, facilities related to education, health, and income. For this purpose, different important factors have been observed for the Multan district by taking MICS (2007-2008) survey data. Logistic regression is applied for the purpose of analysis. Significant factors are noted in each regression analysis based on the dependent factor.
A Class of Estimator for Population Mean Under SRS
Authors: Rehman Syed Abdul , Asif Mohammad
Published: June 2021

In this paper we propose a class of estimators for the estimation of finitepopulation mean using the auxiliary information when SRS scheme is used. Theexpressions for the Bias and mean square error (MSE) of the existing andsuggested class of estimators are derived up to first degree of approximation andthe efficiency comparison of suggested class of estimators is made with otherexisting estimators, using both theoretically and numerically based on realpopulation sets.
Real-Time Atmospheric & Disease Notification System in E - Agriculture
Authors: Almas Afshan
Published: June 2021

Realtime Atmoshperic Measurements & Disease Notification in E Agriculture is designed for the in time notification purpose to the user and also identify disease attack on leaf. System is based on sensors which provides the real time reading of soil and temperature to the microcontroller and then sent to the user’s android mobile phone in form of notification and then image is captured using digital camera and save in database. Captured image is processed in MATLAB using the best image processing algorithm to identify about the disease type and alert the user about the disease attack on leaf. So results shows that the proposed technique is effective for the bettermnet in field of agriculture.
Early GDPR Penalties: Analysis of Implementation and Fines Through May 2020
Authors: Wolff Josephine , Atallah Nicole
Published: June 2021

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which went into effect in May 2018, enabled European Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) to fine companies up to 4 percent of their annual revenue in the event that they were found in violation of the regulation's requirements for data collection, processing, and use. But the regulation gave DPAs considerable leeway to determine how they would implement these penalties. This article analyzes 261 publicly available GDPR enforcement orders issued by DPAs during the first 24 months of the GDPR implementation. The findings show that most GDPR fines levied so far have been relatively small, many of them within the thresholds set by earlier laws prior to the GDPR. Additionally, only half of the GDPR articles for which penalties are designated have actually resulted in public enforcement actions, and those fines that have been levied focus primarily on violations of five particular articles, four of which pertain primarily to user privacy protections. However, despite the fact that most of the fines issued under the GDPR have been in response to privacy violations, the largest fines have been triggered by security incidents, and, on average, security violations still receive larger fines than privacy violations.
Lessons from Internet Use and Performance During Covid-19
Authors: Dahiya Shefali , Rokanas Lila N. , Singh Surabhi , Yang Melissa , Peha Jon M.
Published: June 2021

When COVID-19 hit, many people began working, going to school, and living much of their lives from home. The Internet was a gateway to the world. This article uses data from Internet speed tests, consumer complaints, search engine optimization tools, and logs of Internet use from public libraries to understand the effects of the pandemic on Internet use and performance. Despite reports that the Internet handled the surge in traffic well, we find that complaints about Internet speed nearly tripled, and performance was degraded. Downstream data rates changed little, but median upstream data rates at midday dropped by about a third. When discussing Internet performance, people typically focus on downstream. This focus should shift. Internet service providers and policymakers should reduce the asymmetry by changing how infrastructure is designed, how Internet services are advertised, how regulators write transparency rules, and how government defines “broadband” in subsidy programs intended to reduce the digital divide. We also find significant increases in the use of many important categories of online content, including those used for work communications, education, grocery shopping, social media, news, and job searches. This shows the importance of the Internet during the crisis. Many people without Internet at home turned to public Wi-Fi hotspots during the pandemic. We find that this occurred disproportionately in neighborhoods with more students. Future distance learning initiatives should consider the challenges some students face in obtaining Internet access.
Evaluación y propuesta para mejorar el estado de alistamiento para el gobierno digital en Honduras
Authors: Medina Escoto Fredis Dubal
Published: June 2021

Cuando el gobierno implemente trámites digitales integrados y sostenibles utilizando las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC), agilizará sus procesos de atención a la población en áreas como: salud, educación, pago de impuestos, comercio electrónico, seguridad, identificación digital, entre otros. Además, promoverá en sus ciudadanos la confianza para realizar gestiones en línea, incluso hasta poder reducir su tamaño y costes operativos. Otro beneficio es que acercará virtualmente sus servicios a los ciudadanos al minimizar que visiten oficinas físicas. En tiempos de la pandemia COVID-19, ello coadyuvaría a disminuir el riesgo de contagio. En las últimas décadas Honduras ha realizado esfuerzos por distintos gobiernos creando entes rectores para gestionar las TIC, intentando transformar la forma tradicional de prestar servicios a sus ciudadanos. Sin embargo, no se visualiza la sostenibilidad de trámites integrados, en línea y completos de extremo a extremo generando así la oportunidad para evaluar el alistamiento que tiene el gobierno para brindar servicios a través de medios digitales.
Emoji captcha; una novedosa opción para proteger sitios web
Authors: López Marín Manuel Oswaldo , González Ramírez Marlon David , Romero Herrera Rodolfo , Serrano Talamantes José Félix
Published: June 2021

En el presente trabajo se presenta un desarrollo de una variante de captcha con el uso de una imagen gif, compuesta por 6 fotogramas; cada fotograma está formado por 9 imágenes ordenadas en una matriz de 3 por 3; cada imagen utilizada expresa una emoción de un conjunto de 5 emociones básicas. Cada uno de los 9 sectores en los que se divide el gif, tiene asignado una marca dígito, con el propósito de que el usuario reconozca una emoción dentro del gif y utilizando sus habilidades cognitivas relacione esta emoción con un número y, de esta forma identifique la respuesta correcta.  Se propone una alternativa simple y segura para la protección de sitios web, ideal para un amplio rango de usuarios, sin importar su edad o conocimientos informáticos, esto se debe al uso de emociones que son reconocidas por todo ser humano.  Los desarrollos actuales realizan análisis de trafico de red y tiempo de respuesta para identificar si el usuario es humano o un programa malicioso,  permitiendo a los atacantes acceder a otro tipo de información de usuario de una manera más simple, la ventaja de esta propuesta proviene del hecho de la regeneración del captcha y la redistribución de los números identificadores cada 2 minutos, reforzados por una serie de distorsiones aplicadas, de esta forma los atacantes no pueden acceder a información extra del usuario y debido al tiempo de regeneración lo hace inviable para él.
An efficient FPGA implementation of hand gestures recognition based on neural networks
Authors: Abdolazimi Ali , Sabbagh Molahosseini Amir , Keynia Farshid
Published: June 2021

Different gestures of hand which is a powerful communication channel between man to man and/or man to machine transfers a large amount of information in our daily lives. For example, sign languages are widely used by individuals with speech handicaps. Recognizing hand gestures in the image can be considered a powerful parameter in man-to-machine communication. Although researchers have been trying to implement different hand gestures on several hardware platforms over the past years, their attempts have been confronted by many challenges including restricted resources of hardware platforms, noise factors in the environment, or insufficient accuracy of output in high numbers of experimental samples. In this work, an optimum and parallelized method is developed to implement recognition of different hand gestures in the image on FPGA. The introduced method uses an MLP network with high numbers of hidden layers without wasting resources of the hardware platform. The results comparing the proposed optimized method with the state-of-the-art methods show that the suggested method can be implemented on an FPGA platform with high output accuracy and lower resources.
Challenges and prospects of the fishing export potential development in the Far East
Authors: Paptsov Andrey G. , Shelamova Nadejda A. , Avarskii Nabi D. , Gasanova Khatimat N. , Kolonchin Kirill V. , Betin Oleg I.
Published: June 2021

According to the objectives of the federal project "Export of Agribusiness Products", the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) should increase the export of aquatic biological resources (ABR), including fish, to USD 1,338 million by 2024. Fish and fish products are among the top three agricultural exports in Russia (along with grains and oilseeds). The Far East is the main region in the Russian Federation for the capture of fish and other ABR. The article deals with the indicators of production and export of ABR of the fisheries industry of the FEFD, which includes also the Kamchatka Territory, Primorsky Territory, and the Sakhalin region. The authors consider problems that hinder its effective development and analyze directions and measures to solve existing problems. The main negative factors are associated with the infrastructural shortcomings, such as physical and moral deterioration of the fishing fleet, the lack of modern processing facilities, which do not allow producing fish products with high added value in the proper amount. To develop the concerned industry sector and resolve the issues constraining the growth of production and export capacity in the entities of the FEFD, the Russian government has developed special programs to promote investment activity, the construction of the necessary fishing fleet and infrastructure facilities, and modernization of existing facilities.
Exploring Public Attitudes toward E-Government Health Applications Used During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bamufleh Dalal , Alshamari Amani Saud , Alsobhi Asrar Saud , Ezzi Hanan Hisham , Alruhaili Waad Sultan
Published: June 2021

This study sought to explore factors that determine the public’s acceptance of and adoption behavior toward e-government health applications launched in Saudi Arabia (SA) by the Ministry of Health (MOH) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research relied on several theories: the technology acceptance model (TAM), information system success model (ISSM), mobile services acceptance model (MSAM), and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). The constructs of perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), attitude (ATT), trust (TR), information quality (IQ), facilitating condition (FC), and social influence (SI) were utilized to investigate the user’s intention toward using e-government health applications. The proposed model and its seven hypotheses were tested by conducting a survey across social media among citizens and residents in SA. A total of 785 valid responses were analyzed by SmartPLS and a structural equation modeling technique. After analysis, the results showed that PEOU, PU, ATT, TR, IQ, FC, and SI have positive effects on behavioral intentions. As for contributions, this paper is the first research paper to investigate the adoption of e-government health applications launched by MOH in SA during the COVID-19 pandemic and to provide a theoretical framework for pursuing future research work in a similar scope.
Adoption Model of Social Customer Relationship Management in the Palestinian Banking Sector
Authors: Ramadan Maha , Eleyan Derar
Published: June 2021

Social CRM is a new technology that integrates social networking activities within traditional CRM itself. Social media might be the most effective strategy in the context of CRM technology concerning the availability of efforts and time by owners. Therefore, it’s important for financial institutions to take advantage of it upon this opportunity by considering social CRM as part of development and enhancing relationship with their customers. Nevertheless, little empirical studies have focused on adoption of social CRM in banking sector. This research paper aims to investigate the factors that impact banks’ intention to adopt social CRM, based on combining the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) with Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the theoretical framework. TOE variables such as top management support and relative advantages found to have a direct impact on the two TAM mediating variables (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use), and an indirect impact on social CRM adoption. Further, results suggested that consumer pressure and competitive pressure have a direct impact on social CRM adoption. The researcher tested the hypothesis using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings from a survey of 220 employees in banks in Palestine showed that all eight hypotheses were supported as both consumer pressure and competitive pressure in the environmental context have a significant direct impact on social CRM adoption intention, followed by top management support in organizational and technological contexts; relative advantages have the most significant impact on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness which in turn, have a direct and significant impact on social CRM adoption intention. The contribution of the study, limitations, future studies and conclusion are presented. 
Study of Mechanical Properties of Roselle Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Biocomposite Based on the length and content of Fiber
Authors: RAMAKRISHNAN Muthuraja , RAMASUBRAMANIAN Sarala , SUBBARAYALU Venkatarajan , AYYANAR Athijayamani
Published: June 2021

Mechanical properties of Roselle fiber reinforced vinyl ester biocomposite were studied based on the fiber content and length in the present communication. Usually, natural fiber reinforced polymer composites depend on some aspects such as fiber content, fiber length and orientation, the fiber-matrix adhesion. Composite plates were prepared by a simple hand lay-up technique for two different fiber lengths (3 and 13 mm) and five different fiber content (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%). Composite specimens were tested according to ASTM standards and their results were recorded. Experimental results showed that mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural and impact, increases with increase of fiber content up to 40 wt% after which it is decreases at both the fiber length. However, modulus values were increased linearly with fiber content of 10 to 50 wt%. Composites with the fiber length of 13 mm show the high level of mechanical properties compared to composites with the fiber length of 3 mm at all combinations of fiber contents. It is observed that the optimal fiber content is 40 wt%, which can be used to obtain the maximum property level in the Roselle fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites
Gas-solid Erosion Wear Characteristics of Two-phase Flow Tee Pipe
Authors: HU Jin , ZHANG Hao , ZHANG Jie , NIU Shiwei , CAI Wenbo
Published: June 2021

Particles erosion wear always consist in the intersection of tee pipe, which is an inevitable problem. In order to obtain the erosion wear characteristics of two-phase flow tee pipe, several cases of different inlet diameters are investigated numerically in this paper. Euler-Lagrange method is adopted to describe the gas-solid two-phase flow and the finite volume method is adopted to solve the erosion results. Meshing O-type grids to obtain the reasonable boundary layer in ICEM CFD. By verifying and comparing the turbulence intensity and velocity of the six meshes, a reasonable finite element model is selected. Intersection, the severest erosion region, is the location where the gas flow direction changes. The inlet diameter determines the region of the impact particles directly hitting the wall. When the inlet diameter is smaller, the erosion of the intersection is severer. As the inlet velocity increases, both the erosion of the intersection and the outlet pipe become severer. However, there are only the erosion scars at the intersection are affected, with the increase of particle mass flow.
Bearing Fault Identification Based on Deep Convolution Residual Network
Authors: ZHOU Tong , LI Yuan , JING Yijia , TONG Yifei
Published: June 2021

Bearings are important parts in industrial production and are related to the normal operation of mechanical equipment. For bearing fault identification， traditional method often includes feature extraction, which involves professional prior knowledge and is time-consuming. This paper proposes the deep convolution residual network (DCRN) to identify the bearing fault. Based on the end-to-end learning characteristics of deep neural networks, this method can directly use raw data for training, and does not require feature extraction. Moreover, under the effect of skip connection, DCRN can exert the powerful fitting ability of deep neural network. In this paper, by stacking residual blocks, three different architecture of DCRN are designed and all three achieve very high accuracy, respectively 99.60%, 99.71% and 99.81%. Compared with other methods, DCRN have better generalization performance.
Electron heating dynamics and plasma parameters control in capacitively coupled plasma
Authors: Wang Li , Wen De-Qi , Tian Chong-Biao , Song Yuan-Hong , Wang You-Nian ,   School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China,   Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum D-44780, Germany,   Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48823, USA
Published: June 2021

Capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) has gain wide attention due to its important applications in industry. The researches of CCP mainly focus on the discharge characteristics and plasma parameters under different discharge conditions to obtain a good understanding of the discharge, find good methods of controlling the charged particle properties, and improve the process performance and efficiency. The controlling of plasma parameters is based on the following three aspects: gas, chamber, and power source. Changing these discharge conditions can directly influence the sheath dynamics and the charged particle heating process, which can further influence the electron and ion distribution functions, the plasma uniformity, and the production of neutral particles, etc. Based on a review of the recent years’ researches of CCP, the electron heating dynamics and several common methods of controlling the plasma parameters, i.e. voltage waveform tailoring, realistic secondary electron emission, and magnetized capacitively coupled plasma are introduced and discussed in detail in this work.