bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the Resistive Index of Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Hepatic Space Occupying Lesions
Authors: Shimu Farhana , Karim Enayet , Khan Abul Hashem , Ahmed Akhter , Parvin Sultana , Rafat Sania , Akther SM Quamrul
Published: March 2017

Background: Write the background in 1 to 2 sentences.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to estimate the efficacy of resistive index (RI) of color Doppler ultrasonography in different space occupying liver lesions.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at in Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from July 2010 to December 2012. All the patients presented with the suspicion of hepatic space occupying lesions were enrolled for this study who were later diagnosed clinically or ultrasonographically. This patients were also examined by color Doppler flow imaging. All patients were examined by gray scale ltrasonography, color Doppler and FNAC. To visualize the blood flow, standard color Doppler sonography is used for each lesion. Within the lesions, pulsed Doppler samples are assessed whenever possible on the basis of pulsatile flow. At least three measurements of resistive index (RI) of intra tumoral and peritumoral arterial blood flow would be the last mean value.Results: The detection rate of arterial flow in primary malignant tumors was 94.4% and 87.7% in hepatic metastasis. Doppler spectrum analysis showed the resistance index in primary malignant tumor was 0.75±0.12, 0.73±0.09 in metastatic tumor and was below 0.6 in benign lesions. The difference was significant (p<0.001). This difference was related with its histopathologic structure. The arterial flow with RI >0.6 in CDFI within the liver lesion can be regarded as a criterion of malignant tumors, RI <0.6 can be regarded as benign lesions.Conclusion: RI is more helpful in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lever lesions.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2014, Vol.6(1); 27-30
Ataxia Telangiectasia: A Case Report
Authors: Sonia Sheikh Farjana , Hassan Mohammad Sayeed , Yusuf Abdullah , Ara Ferdous , Mojumder SC
Published: March 2017

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a complex multisystem disorder characterized by progressive neurological impairment, variable immunodeficiency and occulo-cutaneous telangiectasia. Ataxia telangiectasia is a member of chromosomal breakage syndromes and it is caused by a mutation in the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. We are reporting an eight year old girl of AT presented with difficulty in walking, frequent fall, trembling of the whole body, difficulty in speech.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2014, Vol.6(1); 41-43
Clinical Characteristics of Fibrocalcous Pancreatic Diabetes (FCPD) In Children and Adolescents in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Sarker Shyamal , Helaly Laila , Begum Nazma , Matin Abdul , Mowla Md Golam , Islam Md Rafiqul
Published: March 2017

Background: Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) is a unique form of diabetes secondary to nonalcoholic, chronic, calcific, pancreatitis seen in tropical, developing countries of the world.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the clinical features & the glycemic status of the children and adolescents with FCPD. Methodology: This descriptive study was undertaken in the department of paediatrics and at the data retrieval centre of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM).Result: Among Seventy two cases of FCPD patients, majority (69.4%) of the patients were between 11-15 years age group and most (81%) of the study population were female. Most (68%) of them came from rural areas and belongs to lower socioeconomic class. Important clinical presentations were typical symptoms of diabetes mellitus (70.83%), abdominal pain (68.1%) and chronic diarrhoea (36.11%). The study population had poor glycaemic control, their mean ( SD) HbAlc were 16.58 4.07. Cataract was the most common complication (47.2%). Only one patient developed Diabetic Keto Acidosis (DKA).Conclusion: Majority of FCPD were female coming from rural areas with poor socio- economic.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2014; 6(2):53-56
Study on Knowledge about Arsenic Contamination in Drinking Water among the People Living in Selected Villages of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md Akbar , Begum Afroza , Akhtar Khursheda
Published: March 2017

Background: Excessive amounts of arsenic (As) in the groundwater in Bangladesh and neighbouring countries are also a major public health problem.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the knowledge of arsenic contamination in drinking water and health hazards due to chronic arsenic toxicity among the people living in selected villages of Bangladesh.Methodology: This cross sectional descriptive type of study was conducted purposively among the people of the selected two villages of Bhanga Upazilla of Faridpur district from January 2007 to June 2007. All the relevant socio-demographic characteristics and data were collected by face to face interview.Results: A total number of 360 people were recruited. It was found that 273(85.3%) of the respondents family member used tube well water for drinking purpose of the respondents, 317(99.1%) persons heard of arsenic contamination in drinking water. About 284 (88.8%) respondents had the correct knowledge about identifying color of arsenic contaminated and arsenic free tube well. It was found that l76(55.5%) people knew the correct answer about the duration of use of arsenic contaminated water to causes chronic arsenic toxicity. It also revealed that 107(33.4%) respondents did not know about sign of chronic arsenic toxicity.Conclusion: Excellent knowledge on arsenic contamination in drinking water and health hazards due to chronic arsenic toxicity is found among the people living in selected villages of Bangladesh.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2014; 6(2):57-59
HBeAg Status among Chronic Hepatitis B Patients at A Referral Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Majid Farjana , Moben Ahmed Lutful , Hussain Dilroze , Khondaker Md Faiz Ahmad
Published: March 2017

Background: HBeAg status in chronic hepatitis B patients is important for outcome and treatmentObjective: The purpose of the present study was to see the status of HBeAg Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) patients.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Virology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka between July 2010 to June 2011. Serologically diagnosed CHB patients were enrolled for the study. The HBV DNA was quantified. Samples were tested for HBeAg with ELISA kit.Results: A total of 200 serologically diagnosed CHB patients were enrolled for the study. Among the total study population, HBeAg positive CHB patients were 74(37%) cases and HBeAg negative patients were 126 (63%) cases. Among the HBeAg negative patients, viral load was less and patients were significantly older. The mean viral load of HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative was 64012042 and 2.83i2.55 respectively. HBV DNA was a more reliable indicator of the presence of virus than HBeAg, and was detected in 98.65% (73/74) HBeAg positive carriers, and in 66.67% (84/126) HBeAg negative patients.Conclusion: HBeAg negativity is more prevalent among the CHB patients in Bangladesh.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2014; 6(2):60-63
Frequency and Socio-demographic Characteristics of Patients presented with Ovarian Tumour at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Zakaria Rooh E , Dewan Farhana , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Rahman Mamunur , Hauque Mojammel
Published: March 2017

Background: Ovarian tumour causes great morbidity and mortality.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the different presentation of ovarian tumours to see the frequency and clinic-demographic characteristics of ovarian tumour.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka during the period from January to June 2013 for a period of six months. Patient admitted in Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology ward in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital with provisional diagnosis of ovarian tumour were selected as study population. Proper permission was taken from the ethical committee of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital for this study. All the patients were informed about the various aspects of the study. Their verbal consents were taken. Women of all ages with ovarian tumour were included in this study. Women with all other tumour except ovarian tumour were excluded from this study. A thorough history variably collected, clinical examination and investigations was carried out. The result of benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms in regard to age parity, physical sign, vaginal examination, laparotomy findings, together with their macroscopic findings are tabulated separately. Histopathological examination was done by senior pathologists of ShSMCH.Result: A total 50 cases of ovarian tumour had been studied of which 26 (52%) were benign and 24(49%) were malignant ovarian tumours which were confirmed by histopathological examination (P>0.05). 28% and 12% patient with benign ovarian tumour were in age group of 18-34 years and 35-45 years and 14% patient with malignant ovarian tumour in age group >45 years (p>0.05). 32% patient with benign ovarian tumours came from poor socio economics condition and 20% from middle class, 28% patient with malignant ovarian tumour came from poor and 16% from middle class family. Out of 50 cases of ovarian tumour , 39 were married and 11 were unmarried. 51% patients did not use any contraceptives and 31% oral contraceptives (P<0.05). No family history was found in 92% patients. 16% patients with benign tumours were unmarried.Conclusion: In conclusion ovarian tumour are mostly benign of which middle age group are most commonly reported.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2014; 6(2):76-78
Satisfaction of women with health service provider in outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at a Tertiary care hospital
Authors: Khatun Ashia , Nahar Khairun , Aktar Mst Nurunnahar , Akter Fatema Mahbooba , Rahman Habibur
Published: March 2017

Background: Patient's satisfaction over the health care services is very important issue in Bangladesh.Objective: The purpose of present study was to find out the level of satisfaction of women attending in the OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology department at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka.Methodology: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out in the OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology department at Dhaka Medical College from September 2011 to October 2011 for a period of one month. All the women attending in Obstetrics and Gynecology department in outdoor service at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka with the age group of 22 to 40 years were selected as study population. A purposive sampling method was used to collect the data.Results: A total number of 200 cases were taken for this study. Highly satisfied over the services delivered by the doctors was reported in 135 (65.8%) cases and service of nurses was satisfied 111(55.8%) of cases. Satisfactory waiting time (two hours) was 143(7l.9%) of cases and the satisfactory hospital environment was 127 (63.8%) of cases.Conclusion: In conclusion most of the women are satisfied to the treatment delivered by the doctors at the OPD of a tertiary care hospital.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2014; 6(2):79-81
Prediction of Gestational age by Last Menstrual Period (LMP) in Comparison to Ultrasonography (USG)
Authors: Ghani Afroza , Nahar Aftabun , Sultana Nasrin , Khatun Ashiya , Sultana Rifat , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Zakaria Rooh E
Published: March 2017

Background: Accurate dating is cardinally important for good pregnancy care. USG provides accurate dating of GA and has now days become an essential part maternal antenatal care.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify LMP as a better method for predicting the day of delivery than the USG measurement.Methodology: This was a Hospital-Based prospective, comparative study conducted at both inpatient and outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong from October 2007 to September 2008 for a period of one year. The study populations were pregnant women with certain LMP and had dating USG at Nuclear Medicine Centre, Chittagong performed in first or early second trimester 12 - 14 weeks.Result: Among the 112 patients, 61 patients delivered within i 7 days of EDD based on LMP; whereas 82 patients delivered within 1 7 days of EDD based on USG. Of these, actual day of delivery of 49 patients correlated with the same gestational week determined by both LMP and USG. Actual day of delivery of 18 among these 112 patients did not correlate with the EDD determined either by LMP or USG and they all delivered beyond i 7 days of EDD based on either LMP or USG.Conclusion: USG dating during the estimated GA range of 12 to 14 weeks gave a more accurate prediction of delivery date than the estimate based on LMP.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2014; 6(2):82-86
Diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy in a 15 years old child: a case report
Authors: Roy Ranjit Ranjan , Islam Md Ashraful , Akter Taslima , Sarkar Nihar Ranjan
Published: March 2017

Non communicable diseases like type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) are increasing in children. Ten persent of diabetes are type 1. Diabetic nephropathy(DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are the most common complications in DM Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by persistent proteinuria leading to end stage renal disease Around 25-45% of patient with type 1 diabetes will develop overt nephropathy over 10-15 years Hence it is very rare to develop diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy after 2 years of arising symptom in the paediatric age group .In this case report we describe a 15 years old boy who was diagnosed to have type 1 DM 7 days back and symptoms of DM started 2 years back . Patient develop overt nephropathy manifested by edema and proteinuria and retinopathy manifested by dimness of vision, microaneurysm with dot and blot haemorhage after 2 years of complaining symptoms suggestive of DM. The patient was managed accordingly with insulin therapy for tight glycaemic control and supportive therapy for chronic kidney disease (stage IV). As retinopathy preceed nephropathy, so renal biopsy was not done. It is recommended that all children should be screened for type 1 DM periodically to ensure good glycaemic control as well as reduce the complication like DR and DN.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2014; 6(2):93-95
Chronic Kidney Diseases in Children, Management Difficulties and Amelioration in Bangladesh: A Review
Authors: Roy Ranjit Ranjan , Mamun Abdullah Al , Matin M Abdul , Islam Md Rafiqul
Published: March 2017

Background: Bangladesh is a small country of south Asia with a population of 153 million, among them 66 million are under age of 18years. The exact prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is not well known due to lack of a national registry. But in Bangabandhu sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, the incidence is 7.9% in 2013 and there are approximately thirty five hundred thousand around the country. There are 4.4% of children with renal disease prevalent in the country. But unfortunately, there is diagnostic problem and the treatment facility is very limited. Only few centers provide the renal replacement therapy in this country and only two centers do pediatric renal transplantation. So, to tackle this large burden with very limited resource, it is important to try and reduce the incidence of chronic kidney disease, especially end stage renal disease. We can handle the present situation with our existing resource with some modification of health care delivery system with contribution from government, non government organizations (NGO'S) and affluent people. This article highlights chronic kidney disease in children, present treatment modality and some fiiture directive to handle such a crucial problem, thus may help thousands of children from such a devastating situation.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2015; 7(1):26-32
Clinico-Morphological Pattern of Breast Cancer at In patient Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital  Study of 60 Cases
Authors: Md Nuruzzaman Hasan Shahriar
Published: March 2017

Background: Breast cancer incidence is increasing in Bangladesh with changing lifestyles, demographic and socioeconomic profiles. But there is no structured data on clinico-morphological pattern of breast cancer in Bangladesh. Understanding the clinical & morphological pattern of breast cancer of this country will help in early detection & prompt treatment of the cancer.Objective: To find out the clinical features of breast cancer & their morphological pattern at a tertiary level hospital.Methods: This is a cross sectional study. Data were collected prospectively from 60 new female patients with diagnosed breast carcinoma admitted to Dhaka Medical College Hospital at different surgical wards over a period of six months starting from 1st August 2010 to 28th February 2011 with the help of pre-designed semi-structured data collection form for clinical & histopathological data. Male patients, severely ill patients and patients unwilling to take part in the study were excluded. Informed written consent was taken from each case. After analysis & compilation the results were presented in tables, graphs and charts.Results: The mean age of breast cancer patients was 37.13 years. The average duration of symptoms of breast cancer patients before first presentation at tertiary level health facilities was 8.9 months. Most of the patients presented to tertiary level health facilities from 6 to 12 months after appearance of first symptom. Painless lump was the commonest presenting complaint with 43 cases, followed by nipple retraction in 24 cases, peu-de-orange in 21 cases, painful lump in 17 cases, ulceration in 12 cases and nipple discharge in 5 cases. 67% had tumor in the left breast whereas 28% had tumor in the right breast. Only 5% cases presented with bilateral involvement. The most frequent location of primary tumor was upper outer quadrant which is 32 cases followed by central in 9 cases, lower outer in 8 cases, lower inner in 6 cases, upper inner in 3 cases and overlapping lesions in 2 cases. Majority of the patient (69%) presented with a tumor size of more than 5 cm whereas only 3.3% patients presented with tumor size of less than or equal to 2 cm. Axillary lymph nodes were involved in most of the cases(86.66%). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma, NOS (which is an abbreviation for nothing otherwise specified) was the commonest (98.33%) histopathological variant. Most of the patients of this series, i.e. 35 patients had poorly differentiated tumor. 4 patients had well differentiated tumor and 21 patients had moderately differentiated tumor.Conclusion: In my study breast cancer is found to be common among relatively younger age group, majority below 40 years. The patients of breast cancer are coming to a tertiary level hospital very late, mostly with clinical features of advanced disease. For better understanding a series of multi centre studies are neededJ Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2015, Vol.7(2); 49-53
Evaluation of tubal and peritoneal factors in chlamydia positive infertile women by laparoscope
Authors: Begum Nurjahan , Hussain Fawzia , Deeba Farzana , Anwary Shaheen Ara , Sultana Parveen , Banu Jesmin
Published: March 2017

Background: Abnormalities or damage to the fallopian tube interferes with fertility and is responsible for abnormal implantation (eg, ectopic pregnancy). Obstruction of the distal end of the fallopian tubes results in accumulation of the normally secreted tubal fluid, creating distention of the tube with subsequent damage of the epithelial cilia (hydrosalpinx). Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection has a worldwide distribution6 and is now recognized as the single most common cause of tubal peritoneal damage. The study explores the relationship between serum chlamydia antibody titres (CATs) and detection of tubal damage in infertile women.Objective: To Evaluation of tubal and peritonial factors in chlamydia positive infertile women by laparoscope.Methodology: The tubal status and pelvic findings in 138 women underwent laparoscopy for infertility were related to CAT, which was measured using the whole-cell inclusion immunofluorescence test. RESULTS: A total of 138 infertile women who underwent laparoscopic investigation for infertility were identified and they were divided in two groups, on the bsis of presence is absence Chlamydia positive (n=69) and Chlamydia Negative (n=69). Demographic status were almost similar between two groups, however service holder was found significantly higher in Chlamydia positive group (17 vs. 7). Tubal block was found in 44(63.7%) in Chlamydia positive and 37(53.6%) in Chlamydia negative. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.01) between two groups. Site of block & hydrosalpinges was almost similar between two groups. POD was completely obliterated in 10(14.5%) in Chlamydia positive and 3(4.3%) in Chlamydia negative. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups.Conclusion: Chlamydia serology is useful mainly as a screening test for the likelihood of tubal damage in infertile women and may facilitate decisions on which women should proceed with further investigations without delay.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2015, Vol.7(2); 54-58
Fiberoptic laryngoscopy-- experience in a private hospital
Authors: Murshed KM Mamun , Talukder Md Harun Ar Rashid , Rahman Habibur , Uddin AKM Shaif
Published: March 2017

Background: Laryngoscopy is a medical procedure used to obtain a view from nose to voice box (larynx). A thin, lighted tube is usedto view the anatomical detailof the nose, nasopharynx, pharynx andvoice box including motion of the vocal cords in fibreoptic laryngoscopy. Biopsy can also be taken from the suspected lesions. The procedure is usually performed as an OPD procedure under local anesthesia.Methodology: This retrospective, cross sectional observational studywas conducted from June 2007 to October 2015 in a private hospital.Results: 12265 patients were examined and 625 patientsunderwent biopsy during the procedure. Among them male was55.39% and female was 44.61%. Findings were revealed normal in 69.80%,benign looking lesionsin 11.61%, suspected growth in 16.87% of the cases.54.24% were histologically positive for malignancy.Conclusion: Fiberopticlaryngoscopyis a very effective in-office or outdoor procedure for examination of the nose, nasopharynx, pharynx and larynxand also for taking biopsy from the suspected lesions under local anesthesia.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2015, Vol.7(2); 59-62
Sociodemographic profile of Infertile Women Presenting at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Authors: Ishrat Shakeela , Deeba Farzana , Fatima Parveen
Published: March 2017

Background: Infertility is a medical as well as a psychological problem of the couples who suffer from it. To serve them efficiently, their sociodemographic profile must be taken into consideration during work up, treatment and counseling.Objective: The objective of the study was to describe and analyze the sociodemographic profile of the infertile women attending Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University.Method: Descriptive analysis of data collected and compiled by interviewing the couples attending Infertility outdoor of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University.Results: 64.64% of the women were in the age group 20-29 years. 64.13% of women had 10 or less than 10 years of education. 79.79% of women were housewives.69.69%) of women were from urban areas, with 59.06% from within Dhaka city. 35.35% of the women were from low and 37.37% of the women were from middle socioeconomic condition. One third of women presented with less than three years of infertility. The ratio of primary and secondary infertility is 2:1. Badly managed labour and delivery was the most common cause of secondary infertility.Conclusion: The findings of the study help us understand the needs and abilities of the infertile women presenting to us and decide the best possible strategies of treating and counseling them.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2015, Vol.7(2); 63-65
Early Repair of Anterior and Distal Hypospadias is less Cmplicable than Delayed Repair
Authors: Kibria Golam , Ali Md Ansar , Hasina Kaniz , Sharifuzzaman - , Raju Imdadul Hoque , Nahar Sharmin
Published: March 2017

Background: Evaluation of the result of early and delayed repair of anterior and distal penile hypospadias. A total number of 144 patients of anterior and distal penile hypospadias with/without chordee were evaluated by follow up study in our hospital and private hospital from January 2010 to July 2013. Redo cases, complex hypospadias and proximal hypospadias were excluded. Simple Random sampling technique was followed to the patients were grouped into Group-A (72 patients) and Group-B(72 patients) on the basis of age of the patients. Both Group-A, age between 6 to 18 months and Group-B, more than 18 month to 14 years were operated by Snodgrass procedure. We did follow up 12- 24 months postoperatvely. It can be recommended for repair of anterior and distal penile hypospadias within 6 to 18 months whenever the question of post urethroplasty cosmosis, wound disruption and formation of urethra cutaneous fistula.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2015, Vol.7(2); 69-72
Diagnostic and therapeutic role of laparoscopy in the Current Fertility Practice
Authors: Zakaria Rooh E , Dewan Farhana , Susan Zobaida Sultana , Ghani Afroza
Published: March 2017

Background: Laparoscopy is perceived as a minimally invasive surgical technique that both provides a panoramic & magnified view of the pelvic organs and allows surgery at the time of diagnosis. Laparoscopy has became an integral part of gynaecologic surgery for the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal and pelvic disorders of the Female reproductive organs. Endoscopic reproductive surgery intended to improve fertility many includes surgery of the uterus, ovaries, pelvic peritoneum and the fallopian tubes. Aim: To determine the best treatment for infertility.Method: The prospective study was carried out among the infertile women during the period of July 2014 to December 2014, in Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College Hospital. Fifty women identified with Infertility both primary and secondary with the criteria of menstrual cycles with duration of 25-45 days were selected. Semen analysis was considered to be normal.Result: Fifty women underwent diagnostic & therapeutic laparoscopy between the period of July 2014 to December 2014. Among them 20 suffered from primary subfertility & 30 from secondary subfertility. In primary subfertility 12 patients were diagnosed as poiycystic ovarian disease & 7 patients diagnosed as minimal to moderate endometriosis 1 patient diagnosed as pelvic inflammatory disease. In secondary subfertility 15 patients diagnosed as pelvic inflammatory disease, 12 patients with endometriosis & 03 patients as poiycystic ovarian disease. Therapeutic intervention were done in almost all cases of subfertility.Conclusion: The routine use of diagnostic laparoscopy for the evaluation of all case of female infertility is currently under debate. Current evidence indicates that the surgical treatment of minimal or mild endometriosis increase the spontaneous pregnancy rate in Infertility womenJ Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2015, Vol.7(2); 73-75
Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Self-Poisoning by Different Pharmaceutical Agents
Authors: Ahmed Habib , Rahman Ferdousi , Rahman Mahbubur , Karim Mohammad Enamul , Rahim Sayeda , Rowshon AHM , Faiz MA
Published: March 2017

Background: In Bangladesh self-poisoning cases are mostly of organophosphorous compound (OPC). It is documented that 14% of all deaths amongst 10 to 50 year old women in Bangladesh were due to poisoning, the majority following suicidal ingestion of pesticides. In tertiary level hospital, a large number of self-poisoning cases are of different pharmaceutical agents, mostly from urban areas and mostly of teenager group. So the trend of self-poisoning is different in urban area than that of rural area. These pharmaceutical agent self-poisoning cases admitted into the hospitals have different modalities of clinical features with variable outcomes and socioeconomic background. But there is no actual data of these self-poisoning by the different pharmaceutical agents. Therefore, this study was aimed to describe the pattern of self-poisoning by different pharmaceutical agents.Methods: A descriptive longitudinal study was conducted in five adult medicine units of a tertiary level hospital from January 2008 to June 2008. All self-poisoned patients with different pharmaceutical agents were included with their prior informed written consent. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: A total of 281 patients were interviewed. Most of the patients were female (70.8%) with highest age range from 13 to 30 years (91.81%). Most of the patients were students (53%) and 40.9% were secondary school certificate pass. 60.1% patients were unmarried. Most of the patients were from urban area (84%). The commonest background for self-poisoning was family disharmony (74.46%). Most common offending pharmaceutical agents were benzodiazepines (44.10%), collected mostly from local dispensary without prescription (89.33%). Most of the patients consulted within 1 to 2 hours of poisoning (44.5%). Commonest consultation before admission was in a Government hospital (48.40%). Only 3 patients (1.10%) were known to have psychiatric illness. Five patients (1.80%) had previous history of self-poisoning. Most of the patients (89.3%) stayed in the hospital for 1 day with no mortality.Conclusion: Self poisoning by pharmaceutical agents is common especially in urban areas. Common offending pharmaceutical agents were benzodiazepines. The commonest background for self-poisoning was family disharmony.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2016, Vol.8(1); 17-22
Portal Hypertension: 2 years Experience in Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Hussain Faika , Karim ASM Bazlul , Matin Abdul , Sultana Kaniz , Anwar Syeda Afria
Published: March 2017

Background: Portal hypertension is a clinical syndrome defined by a pathologic increase of portal venous pressure. The objectives of this study were to evaluate etiological and clinical presentation of portal hypertension admitted in a tertiary care centre of Bangladesh.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was done at the Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, BSMMU on 100 consecutive cases admitted during the period from July 2013 through June 2015. Confirmation of the presence of portal hypertension was done by demonstration of oesophageal varices during upper GI endoscopic examination. The diagnosis of chronic liver disease was based on a combination of clinical, biochemical (abnormal liver function tests) and ultrasonographic (coarse echotexture of liver) features. Extrahepatic portal hypertension was diagnosed on the basis of clinical, normal liver function test and ultrasonographic evidence of portal or splenic vein thrombosis, with or without cavernous transformation. Doppler ultrasound showed increase portal venous pressure.Results: Patient's age group was 2 to 15 years. 69 cases were extra hepatic portal hypertension. Haematemesis and/or melaena were found in 42(60.9%) and splenomegaly was found in 68(98.6%) cases. Of extra hepatic 69 cases 10% had history of umbilical sepsis. Of the 31cases of CLD with portal hypertension, haematemesis and/or melaena was found in 20(64.5%) cases, splenomegaly in 30(96.8%), ascites 8(25.8%).Most (50%) of CLD cases were cryptogenic followed by Wilsons disease 29%. Of the 100 cases, endoscopy revealed grade 3 esophageal varices in 45% cases. All the patients were treated with propranolol. EVL was done in 70% cases.Conclusion: In this study, most of the cases were extra hepatic portal hypertension. Gastrointestinal bleeding & splenomegaly were found in most of the cases. No risk factor was found in most of extra hepatic cases. Portal vein thrombosis & cryptogenic were the most common cause in extra-hepatic and intra-hepatic cases respectively.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2016, Vol.8(1); 26-29
Inhabiting the Line: A Digital Chronology of Suburban Expansion for San Antonio, Texas
Authors: Caine Ian
Published: March 2017

This project explores the power of lines to tell stories. For architects, lines are elemental devices: they catalyze and structure our ability to describe space. But can they describe time and experience? The following case study explores this question in depth while tracking the historical expansion of suburban life in San Antonio, Texas. The research focuses on five roads, re-imagining them as a series of concentric timelines that stretch from the city's historical center to its suburban periphery. To date the multi-disciplinary team—led by architect Ian Caine with collaboration from a historian and an urban geographer—has utilized three distinct media to represent the chronological growth of San Antonio: 1) a large two-dimensional timeline that the team exhibited in a museum gallery, 2) a video-based spatial-temporal narrative that simulated the experience of driving through the city, and 3) a web-based interactive timeline. 1 This article establishes the merits of the first two approaches—which are both complete—before speculating about the potential of the web-based version to recast the timeline as a narrative device capable of illuminating the complex relationship between time, space and experience in the contemporary city.
Practicing Spatial Epistemology with Immanuel Kant's ‘Physical’ Classification
Authors: Bauch Nicholas
Published: March 2017

Practicing cultural geography in a web-based digital medium has led to the possibility of resurrecting early-twentieth-century ideas about the primacy of space in organizing information. In this article I discuss the philosophical underpinnings that drove the creation of my digital monograph Enchanting the Desert . Different than a spatial narrative that associates data points with their attendant cartographic representations, I use space—and specifically landscape—to order my information. Spatial proximity bundles and orders items on its own, a priori giving meaning to things existing next to one another in a landscape. Using space as a way to forge topical relevancy appears to be an uncommon approach, but in fact is paramount for a more productive and holistic ecological practice. The digital medium of the interactive web application makes this spatial epistemology possible.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Properties and the Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam M. , Islam Sumiya , Akter Ayasha , Rahman Md , Nandwani Dilip
Published: March 2017

Field trials were conducted on tomato for yield and quality of fruits using different types of organic and inorganic fertilizers at the horticulture farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Fertilizer treatments were tested on two varieties of tomato ca. Roma VF and BARI 15. The fertilization treatments were T1, vermicompost (12 t/ha); T2, compost (10 t/ha); T3, integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) or mixed fertilizers (organic 2/3 part and inorganic 1/3 part); T4, inorganic fertilizers; and a control (T5). Results showed growth and yield (20.8 t/ha) in tomato were higher in the IPNS treatment. A higher number of fruits per plant (73.7) and plant height (73.5 cm) were obtained from mixed fertilizers (organic 2/3 + inorganic 1/3) or IPNS (integrated plant nutrient system) in Roma VF than other treatments. Fruit yield and diameter were found statistically significant. No significant difference was observed in the quality (total soluble solids) of tomato fruits in both varieties’ response to the treatments. The electrical conductivity and pH of the soil were improved by the application of organic manure.
Guest Editorial: Conservation Tillage for Organic Farming
Authors: Carr Patrick
Published: March 2017

There is interest in reducing or even eliminating tillage in organic production systems. In this special Issue, research teams in Europe and North America summarize recent and on-going efforts to develop conservation-tillage systems that can be used on commercial organic farms. While progress is being made in the development of organic no-tillage (no-till) systems, considerable work still needs to be done before there will be wide-spread adoption by organic farmers.
The Impact of a Warming Micro‐Climate on Muooni Farmers of Kenya
Authors: Luwesi Cush , Obando Joy , Shisanya Chris
Published: March 2017

Rainfed agriculture has become highly vulnerable to the depleting water resources in most arid and semi‐arid tropics (ASATs) under the effect of climate change. The impact has certainly been very high in Muooni catchment where more than 99% of the natural forest has been cleared. The warming micro‐climate is accelerated by extended deforestation, unsustainable irrigation, and water over‐abstraction in the catchment by eucalyptus and other exotic trees. The dwindling crop yields add to the farmer’s suffering. Farming communities have created various innovative ways of coping with a warming environment to increase their agriculture resiliency. These include, among others, rain water management, reforestation and agro‐forestry. To what extent have these practices been disturbed by the increasing temperatures, and decreasing rainfalls and river discharges in Muooni catchment? This study used statistical forecast techniques to unveil the past, current and future variations of the micro‐climate in Muooni catchment, and relevant factors determining farmers’ vulnerability to drought. Muooni catchment is warming by 0.8 to 1.2 °C in a century as a result of a changing micro‐climate. These changes are mainly driven by deforestation due to the high urbanization rate and agricultural practices in Muooni catchment. Centennial rainfall is subsequently plummeting at 30 to 50 mm while discharges are decreasing from 0.01 to 0.05 m3∙s−1, with unmet water demands of 30% to 95% and above. In view of the current trends of the population growth and urbanization in Muooni, agricultural expansion is seriously threatened if no appropriate policy, extension service and science based emergency measures are put in place by the Government of Kenya.
A Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Pan-Drug-Resistance in the UK: Bayesian Analysis of an Expert Elicitation Study
Authors: Carter Daniel , Charlett André , Conti Stefano , Robotham Julie , Johnson Alan , Livermore David , Fowler Tom , Sharland Mike , Hopkins Susan , Woodford Neil , Burgess Philip , Dobra Stephen
Published: March 2017

To inform the UK antimicrobial resistance strategy, a risk assessment was undertaken of the likelihood, over a five-year time-frame, of the emergence and widespread dissemination of pan-drug-resistant (PDR) Gram-negative bacteria that would pose a major public health threat by compromising effective healthcare delivery. Subsequent impact over five- and 20-year time-frames was assessed in terms of morbidity and mortality attributable to PDR Gram-negative bacteraemia. A Bayesian approach, combining available data with expert prior opinion, was used to determine the probability of the emergence, persistence and spread of PDR bacteria. Overall probability was modelled using Monte Carlo simulation. Estimates of impact were also obtained using Bayesian methods. The estimated probability of widespread occurrence of PDR pathogens within five years was 0.2 (95% credibility interval (CrI): 0.07–0.37). Estimated annual numbers of PDR Gram-negative bacteraemias at five and 20 years were 6800 (95% CrI: 400–58,600) and 22,800 (95% CrI: 1500–160,000), respectively; corresponding estimates of excess deaths were 1900 (95% CrI: 0–23,000) and 6400 (95% CrI: 0–64,000). Over 20 years, cumulative estimates indicate 284,000 (95% CrI: 17,000–1,990,000) cases of PDR Gram-negative bacteraemia, leading to an estimated 79,000 (95% CrI: 0–821,000) deaths. This risk assessment reinforces the need for urgent national and international action to tackle antibiotic resistance.
Interactive Rhythm Learning System by Combining Tablet Computers and Robots
Authors: Chou Chien-Hsing , Chu Yung-Long
Published: March 2017

This study proposes a percussion learning device that combines tablet computers and robots. This device comprises two systems: a rhythm teaching system, in which users can compose and practice rhythms by using a tablet computer, and a robot performance system. First, teachers compose the rhythm training contents on the tablet computer. Then, the learners practice these percussion exercises by using the tablet computer and a small drum set. The teaching system provides a new and user-friendly score editing interface for composing a rhythm exercise. It also provides a rhythm rating function to facilitate percussion training for children and improve the stability of rhythmic beating. To encourage children to practice percussion exercises, a robotic performance system is used to interact with the children; this system can perform percussion exercises for students to listen to and then help them practice the exercise. This interaction enhances children’s interest and motivation to learn and practice rhythm exercises. The results of experimental course and field trials reveal that the proposed system not only increases students’ interest and efficiency in learning but also helps them in understanding musical rhythms through interaction and composing simple rhythms.
Coupled Effect of Expansion Ratio and Blade Loading on the Aerodynamics of a High-Pressure Gas Turbine
Authors: Gaetani Paolo , Persico Giacomo , Spinelli Andrea
Published: March 2017

The need of a continuous improvement in gas turbine efficiency for propulsion and power generation, as well as the more demanding operating conditions and power control required to these machines, still ask for great efforts in the design and analysis of the high pressure section of the turbo-expander. To get detailed insights and improve the comprehension of the flow physics, a wide experimental campaign has been performed in the last ten years at Politecnico di Milano on the unsteady aerodynamics of a high-pressure turbine stage considering several operating conditions. This paper presents and discusses the experimental results obtained for the stage operating with different expansion ratios and rotor loading. The turbine stage under study is representative of a modern high-pressure turbine and can be operated in both subsonic and transonic conditions. The experimental tools applied for the current research represents the state of the art when unsteady investigations are foreseen. The detailed flow field, the blade–rows interaction and the overall performance are described and discussed; efforts have been devoted to the discussion of the various contribution to the overall stage efficiency. The direct effects of the expansion ratio, affecting the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, have been highlighted and quantified; similarly, the indirect effects, accounting for a change in the rotor loading, have been commented and quantified as well, thanks to a dedicated set of experiments where different rotor loadings at the same expansion ratio have been prescribed.
Spectral Analysis of Moderately Charged Rare-Gas Atoms
Authors: Reyna Almandos Jorge , Raineri Mónica
Published: March 2017

This article presents a review concerning the spectral analysis of several ions of neon, argon, krypton and xenon, with impact on laser studies and astrophysics that were mainly carried out in our collaborative groups between Argentina and Brazil during many years. The spectra were recorded from the vacuum ultraviolet to infrared regions using pulsed discharges. Semi-empirical approaches with relativistic Hartree–Fock and Dirac-Fock calculations were also included in these investigations. The spectral analysis produced new classified lines and energy levels. Lifetimes and oscillator strengths were also calculated.
Ornithine Aminotransferase, an Important Glutamate-Metabolizing Enzyme at the Crossroads of Multiple Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Ginguay Antonin , Cynober Luc , Curis Emmanuel , Nicolis Ioannis
Published: March 2017

Ornithine δ-aminotransferase (OAT, E.C. 2.6.1.13) catalyzes the transfer of the δ-amino group from ornithine (Orn) to α-ketoglutarate (aKG), yielding glutamate-5-semialdehyde and glutamate (Glu), and vice versa. In mammals, OAT is a mitochondrial enzyme, mainly located in the liver, intestine, brain, and kidney. In general, OAT serves to form glutamate from ornithine, with the notable exception of the intestine, where citrulline (Cit) or arginine (Arg) are end products. Its main function is to control the production of signaling molecules and mediators, such as Glu itself, Cit, GABA, and aliphatic polyamines. It is also involved in proline (Pro) synthesis. Deficiency in OAT causes gyrate atrophy, a rare but serious inherited disease, a further measure of the importance of this enzyme.
Epiphytic Terrestrial Algae (Trebouxia sp.) as a Biomarker Using the Free-Air-Carbon Dioxide-Enrichment (FACE) System
Authors: Ismail Asmida , Marzuki Sarah , Mohd Yusof Nordiana , Buyong Faeiza , Mohd Said Mohd , Sigh Harinder , Zulkifli Amyrul
Published: March 2017

The increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has caused significant environmental changes, particularly to the lower plants such as terrestrial algae and lichens that alter species composition, and therefore can contribute to changes in community landscape. A study to understand how increased CO2 in the atmosphere will affect algal density with minimal adjustment on its natural ecosystem, and the suitability of the algae to be considered as a biomarker, has been conducted. The current work was conducted in the Free-Air-Carbon Dioxide-Enrichment (FACE) system located in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia. CO2 was injected through special valves located along the ring surrounding specimen trees where 10 × 10 cm quadrats were placed. A total of 16 quadrats were randomly placed on the bark of 16 trees located inside the FACE system. This system will allow data collection on the effect of increased CO2 without interfering or changing other parameters of the surrounding environment such as the wind speed, wind direction, humidity, and temperature. The initial density Trebouxia sp. was pre-determined on 1 March 2015, and the final density was taken slightly over a year later, on 15 March 2016. The exposure period of 380 days shed some light in understanding the effect of CO2 on these non-complex, short life cycle lower plants. The results from this research work showed that the density of algae is significantly higher after 380 days exposure to the CO2-enriched environment, at 408.5 ± 38.5 × 104 cells/cm2, compared to the control site at 176.5 ± 6.9 × 104 cells/cm2 (independent t-test, p < 0.001). The distance between the trees and the injector valves is negatively correlated. Quadrats located in the center of the circular ring recorded lower algal density compared to the ones closer to the CO2 injector. Quadrat 16, which was nearing the end of the CO2 valve injector, showed an exceptionally high algal density—2-fold higher than the average density at 796 ± 38.5 × 104 cells/cm2. In contrast, Quadrat 9, which was located in the center of the ring (lower CO2 concentration), recorded only 277 ± 38.5 × 104 cells/cm2, which further supports the previous claim. Based on the data obtained, this study provides useful data in understanding the positive effect of CO2 on algal density, in a natural environment, and suggests the use of epiphytic terrestrial algae as a biomarker.