bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility, Morphometrical characteristics of Assamese buffalo and Socio-economic status of the breeders in its home tract
Authors: Alam Safeer , Islam Shafiqul , Kaur Gurjeet
Published: May 2017

Present study was conducted through systematic survey of 18 villages in three districts (Kamrup, Nagaon and Darang) of Asom, India, using stratified random sampling technique. Total 52 Khutis (open herds) having 3310 buffaloes of different age and sex under farmers management, were purposively selected for utility and morphometrical studies of the breed and socio-economic status of the breeders in its home tract. The morphometrical traits, viz. Length of forehead ranged 23.81±0.70 to 48.42±0.94cm, neck length (22.91±0.66 to 39.82±1.02 cm), horn length (8.00±0.25 to 67.10±0.64 cm), space between two horns at base (9.14±0.24 to 18.52±0.64 cm) and tips (18.12±0.24 to 43.43±0.75 cm), tail length (44.60±0.45 to 80.60±0.85cm), and length of switch of the tail (8.09±0.20 to 15.89±0.20cm) were observed for the animals of both the sexes belonging to the age groups of up to 6 months, 6-12 m, 1-2 year, 2-3 years, 3-4 years and 4 years and above. The study shows that the animals are being utilized for milk only (82.69%) and milk and meat (17.31%). It was also found that 40.38% breeders are receiving an income ranges from Rs 50,000 to 75,000 and 28.85% breeders getting more in between 75,000 to 1,00,000 per year out of these animals, besides age, education level, land holding, family size and number of paid graziers were also studied. The Assamese buffalo breed is a very good source of livelihood for tribals, nomads and poor farmers, hence immediate steps should be taken to save this valuable breed in its natural habitat.
Sub-acute oral toxicity of Roundup® and ammonium nitrate with special reference to oxidative stress indices in wistar rats
Authors: Dar Muneer Ahmad , Sultana Mudasir , Mir Arshad Hussain , Bhat Makhmoor Ahmad , Wani Tariq Ahmad , Haq Zulfqarul
Published: May 2017

The aim of present study was to unravel the single and interactive toxic potential of Roundup® and ammonium nitrate in rats after their oral administration for a period of 28 days. The animals were randomly divided into four groups with six rats in each group. Group I served as control and were orally administered with water. Group II animals were orally exposed to Roundup @ 500mg/Kg/day. Animals in group III were orally treated with ammonium nitrate @ 220mg/Kg/day while as group IV received both Roundup and ammonium nitrate @ 500mg/Kg/day and 220mg/Kg/day respectively. After 28th day of treatment, blood samples were taken and analysed for various oxidative stress parameters. Significant increase in LPO was observed in group II, III and IV as compared to control. GSH decreased significantly in all treated groups in comparison to control animals. The activity of anti-oxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GSH-Px decreased significantly in group II, III and IV as compared to group I. GST increased non significantly in group II but decreased significantly in group III and IV. Concomitant exposure to both of these chemicals in group IV showed more significant alterations in oxidative stress indices even in comparison to group II and III.
Expression analysis of IL-15 as a candidate gene for placental efficiency in goats
Authors: Jiang Cao-de , Peng Xue-qiang , Su Lu-fang , Zhao Yong-ju , E Guang-xin , Huang Yong-fu
Published: May 2017

In present study, functional relevance of IL-15 with goat placenta was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (SYBR Green chemistry) and western blot. The 486 bp full-length coding sequence of the gene, encoding 162 amino acids, was cloned. Expression of IL-15 was significantly higher in placenta, especially in cotyledon, than that in other neonatal tissues (P less than 0.05). In both Dazu Black and Inner Mongolia Cashmere breeds, IL-15 mRNA in cotyledon was up-regulated at term compare to that at day 30 of gestation (P less than 0.05), and was significantly different between both breeds (P less than 0.05). Additionally, IL-15 transcripts had a close relationship with that of vascular endothelial growth factor and a positive correlation with placental efficiency (R2=0.922, P=0.04), but it was negatively correlated with cotyledon density (R2=0.952, P=0.024). The results indicate that IL-15 is conserved in goats, and has important role in placenta, thereby can be a candidate gene for placental efficiency in goats.
A case of melanosarcoma - in rat
Authors: Gupta* Neelu , Bhattacharya A. , Bodakhe S.H. , Katare M.
Published: May 2017

A nine month old male rat died in the Institute of Pharmacedutical Science, GGV, Bilaspur (C.G.). The owner observed the grayish spot on skin, after 10 days of first observation the affected area became hard as like corn and rat died suddenly within 45 days. Before death rat showed abdominal pain, blood tinged urine, weakness, dullness and loss of body weight. The carcass revealed dome shaped sessile blackish, grayish nodule about 0.8 centimeters in diameter on the right renal parenchyma. Microscopically, small spindle shape cell, polyhedral epithelioid shape cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm were observed in affected rat.
Effect of multiple births on Jamunapari goat milk minerals under field and farm rearing conditions
Authors: Singh Gitam , Sharma R.B. , Chahal B.P. , Singh Mahendra , Sharma S.K.
Published: May 2017

The study was conducted at the Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura; under the division nutrition feed resources and products technology for the study of farm rearing condition. A total of 479 milk samples were collected from field and farm rearing condition 222 single (field 28 and farm 194), twins 230 (field 66 and farm 164) and triplets 27 (field 08 and farm 19) milk samples. The overall average calcium content of all above samples in all rearing and births was 0.1455±0.0019 per cent. Phosphorus content was significantly greater in farm samples than field rearing samples in all multiple births. Potassium percentage in the milk of Jamunapari goat breed under field and farm rearing conditions in single, twins and triplets birth was found to be 0.113±0.0008 and 0.113±0.0008, 0.111±0.0007 and 0.111±0.0008 and 0.107±0.0008 and 0.109±0.0008 respectively. The highest magnesium, chloride and selenium content were observed in single birth samples under field as well as farm rearing samples. Multiple births had conspicuous effects on milk quality of goats under study.
Effect of Chitosan and Cinnamon oil edible coating on shelf life of chicken fillets under refrigeration conditions
Authors: Khare* Anshul Kumar , Abraham Robinson J.J , Rao V.Appa , Babu R Narendra , Ruban Wilfred
Published: May 2017

In present study, chicken fillets were coated with chitosan and cinnamon oil by three methods viz., spraying, brushing and dipping and shelf-life of coated meat were studied. Efficiency of coating material and three methods of application were determined through shelf-life studies of coated meat under refrigeration conditions (4±1°C). Based on the results of physico-chemical, sensory and microbial characteristics, spraying method had lower Tyrosine Value, Thiobarbituric Acid number, Standard Plate count, drip loss and higher sensory scores compared to other methods of application. Extract Release Volume and Water Holding Capacity decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) with storage period in all the samples. However spraying had comparatively lower values/or higher water holding capacity. Hunter color values did not differ significantly with storage and between treatments though brushing and dipping samples had comparatively higher yellowness and lightness but lower redness value. Spraying of chicken breast extended the shelf life of chicken breast upto 7 days compared to 3 to 5 days for control and treatments.
Assessment of heavy metals in propolis and soil from the Pelagonia region, Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Popov Biljana Bogdanova , Hristova Vesna Karapetkovska , Presilski Stefce , Shariati Muhhamad Ali , Najman Stevo
Published: May 2017

In this study, the contents of five representative heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu) were determined in soil and propolis samples from four locations in southwestern Macedonia using atomic absorption spectrometry. The aim was to pinpoint the key factors that influence the content of heavy metals in propolis and to establish whether there is a connection between the contents of heavy metals in soil and in propolis from the same location. Generally, at all of the locations, the relative concentrations of heavy metals in soil were found to decrease in the following order: Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Cd. The highest mean values for concentrations of heavy metals in these soils were found to be: 72.03, 38.28, 26.64, 17.15 and 0.60 mg kg–1 for Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd, respectively, and they are all below the target values from the new Dutch list. The general trend of the heavy metal contents in propolis from the same four locations, in decreasing order, is: Pb>Cr>Zn>Cu≈Cd. Generally, the propolis samples from the highland locations (Orle and Rapeš) had lower overall contents of heavy metals than the lowland locations (Novaci and Makovo). All of the analyzed propolis samples meet the requirements of the Macedonian legislation and the international organizations for the maximum allowed levels for heavy metals. Attempts were made to find a correlation between the heavy metal contents in soil and propolis. According to our aim, the investigation presented herein offers one step towards a complete picture of ecological safety of the specific areas in the Republic of Macedonia. To do so, it is necessary to perform additional studies and to find appropriate biomonitoring methods. Further studies are needed to complete the picture and to determine the major pathways of incorporation of heavy metals in beehive products.
MODIS Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Depth over Turbid Coastal Water
Authors: WANG Yi , Wang Jun , Levy Robert C , Xu Xiaoguang , Reid Jeffrey S
Published: May 2017

We present a new approach to retrieve Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) over the turbid coastal water. This approach supplements the operational Dark Target (DT) aerosol retrieval algorithm that currently don’t conduct any AOD retrieval in the regions with large water-leaving radiances in the visible spectrum. Over the global coastal water regions in all cloud-free conditions, this unavailability of AOD retrievals due to the inherent limitation in existing DT algorithm is ~20%. Here, we refine the MODIS DT algorithm by considering that water-leaving radiance at 2.1 μm is negligible regardless of water turbidity. This refinement, with the assumption that the aerosol single scattering properties over coastal turbid water are similar to that over the adjacent open-ocean pixels, yields ~18% more of MODIS-AERONET collocated pairs for six AEROENT stations in the coastal water regions. Furthermore, comparison with these AERONET observations show that the new AOD retrievals are in either equivalent or better accuracy than those retrieved by the MODIS operational algorithm (over coastal land and non-turbid coastal water). Combining the new retrievals with the existing MODIS operational retrievals not only yield an overall improvement of AOD over those coastal water regions, but also successfully extend the spatial and temporal coverage of MODIS AOD retrievals over the coastal regions where 60% of human population resides, and thereby, aerosol impacts on regional air quality and climate are expected to be significant.
Power Balancing Control for Grid Energy Storage System in PV Applications—Real Time Digital Simulation Implementation
Authors: Vavilapalli Sridhar , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar , Subramaniam Umashankar , MIHET-POPA Lucian
Published: May 2017

Grid energy storage system for PV Applications is connected with three different power sources i.e. PV Array, Battery and the Grid. It is advisable to have Isolation between these three different sources to provide safety for the equipment. The configuration proposed in this paper provides the complete isolation between the three sources. A Power Balancing Control (PBC) for this configuration is proposed to operate the system in three different modes of operation. Control of a dual active bridge (DAB) based battery charger which provides a galvanic isolation between batteries and other sources is explained briefly. Various modes of operation of a Grid energy storage system are also presented in this paper. Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) Simulation is carried out to check the performance of the system and the PBC algorithm. Power circuit (comprises of inverter, dual active bridge based battery charger, grid, PV cell, batteries, contactors and switches) is simulated and the controller hardware and user interface panel are connected as HIL with the simulated power circuit through Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). HIL simulation results are presented to explain the control operation, steady state performance in different modes of operation and the dynamic response of the system.
The Impact of the Cosmological Constant on the Newtonian Gravity
Authors: Roza Engel
Published: May 2017

By solving the weak field limit of Einstein’s Field Equation including the Cosmological Constant, under the constraint of spherical isotropy, it is shown that, at large cosmological distance, the gravitational force exceeds the one that is predicted by Newton’s gravity law, such that it corresponds with Milgrom’s MOND hypothesis. However, the resulting prediction that, at extremely large distances, gravity with some spatial periodicity turns on-and-off into antigravity marks a decisive difference.
A Generic Approach for Error Estimation of Depth Data from (Stereo and RGB-D) 3D Sensors
Authors: Fernandez Luis , Avila Viviana , Goncalves Luiz
Published: May 2017

We propose an approach for estimating the error in depth data provided by generic 3D sensors, which are modern devices capable of generating an image (RGB data) and a depth map (distance) or other similar 2.5D structure (e.g. stereo disparity) of the scene. Our approach starts capturing images of a checkerboard pattern devised for the method. Then proceed with the construction of a dense depth map using functions that generally comes with the device SDK (based on disparity or depth). The 2D processing of RGB data is performed next to find the checkerboard corners. Clouds of corner points are finally created (in 3D), over which an RMS error estimation is computed. We come up with a multi-platform system and its verification and evaluation has been done, using the development kit of the board nVIDIA Jetson TK1 with the MS Kinects v1/v2 and the Stereolabs ZED camera. So the main contribution is the error determination procedure that does not need any data set or benchmark, thus relying only on data acquired on-the-fly. With a simple checkerboard, our approach is able to determine the error for any device. Envisioned application is on 3D reconstruction for robotic vision, with a series of 3D vision sensors embarked in robots (UAV of type quadcopter and terrestrial robots) for high-precision map construction, which can be used for sensing and monitoring.
Innovación Educativa: Uso de las TIC en la enseñanza de la Matemática Básica
Authors: Cruz Pichardo Ivanovnna M. , Puentes Puente Ángel
Published: May 2017

En el artículo se exponen los resultados obtenidos en una experiencia empírica sobre el uso de diferentes recursos tecnológicos en el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje de la asignatura Matemática Básica. Para ello se parte de la presentación de una serie de actividades que tienen como objetivo principal motivar la participación y el aprendizaje activo de los estudiantes, además de desarrollar las competencias matemáticas sugeridas en el proyecto PISA.
Reaktywność benzodiazepin a metoda immunoenzymatyczna – problemy interpretacyjne
Authors: Potocka-Banaś Barbara , Dembińska Teresa , Borowiak Krzysztof
Published: May 2017

Wstęp: Postęp cywilizacyjny oraz rozwój przemysłu farmaceutycznego spowodowały wzrost nadużywania środków psychoaktywnych. Dlatego też nierzadko spotyka się przypadki przedawkowania oraz zatruć powyższymi związkami. Do jednych z najczęściej zażywanych środków psychoaktywnych należą benzodiazepiny. Jest to grupa leków, które wykazują działanie: uspokajająco-nasenne, przeciwlękowe, rozluźniające mięśnie i przeciwdrgawkowe. Benzodiazepiny stanowią dużą i różnorodną grupę związków (ponad ͙͔ różnych benzodiazepin ma zastosowanie kliniczne), a ich metabolity są aktywne biologicznie. Postęp technologiczny umożliwia stosowanie coraz nowszych i dokładniejszych metod diagnostycznych. Rutynowo stosowaną metodą w laboratoriach toksykologicznych jest metoda immunoenzymatyczna (enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique – EMIT). Technika ta charakteryzuje się prostotą wykonania oraz krótkim czasem analizy. Należy jednak pamiętać, że te zalety niosą za sobą różnego rodzaju konsekwencje, np. w postaci wyników fałszywie dodatnich. Dlatego też tak ważne jest potwierdzenie wyniku metodami konfirmacyjnymi. Celem pracy było zbadanie zjawiska reaktywności wybranych benzodiazepin w teście EMITRtoxTMSerum Benzodiazepines Assay.Materiały imetody: Przeprowadzono analizę precyzji i dokładności oznaczeń. Przebadano 9 preparatów benzodiazepin (chlordiazepoksyd, estazolam, flurazepam, medazepam, nitrazepam, nordazepam, oksazepam, prazepam, temazepam) metodą EMIT, przy zastosowaniu analizatora V-Twin firmy Siemens. Każdy lek został oznaczony 3-krotnie przy stężeniach: 300 ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL, 2000ng/mL.Wyniki i wnioski: Podczas przeprowadzonej analizy immunoenzymatycznej (EMIT) stwierdzono, że najwyższą reaktywność uzyskano podczas oznaczania prazepamu, a najniższą podczas oznaczania nitrazepamu oraz medazepamu. Podkreślić należy, że technika ta nie nadaje się do ilościowego oznaczania oksazepamu i temazepamu. Ważnymi parametrami metod analitycznych jest precyzja i dokładność. Najwyższą precyzję uzyskano podczas oznaczania nitrazepamu, a najniższą podczas oznaczania prazepamu. Natomiast przy wyznaczaniu dokładności pomiaru stwierdzono, że najwyższą dokładność uzyskano podczas oznaczania prazepamu, a najniższą podczas oznaczania nitrazepamu.
Response of No‐Till Grain Crops to Pig Slurry Application Methods and a Nitrification Inhibitor
Authors: Gonzatto Rogério , Aita Celso , Bélanger Gilles , Chantigny Martin H. , Miola Ezequiel C. C. , Pujol Stefen B. , Dessbesel Alexandre , Giacomini Sandro J.
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas

Mineral N fertilization of no‐till crops may be replaced by pig slurry.

Pig slurry with and without dicyandiamide was injected or broadcast in a no‐till soil.

Pig slurry injection in a no‐till soil increased grain yield and crop N use efficiency.

Dicyandiamide added to slurry improved crop yield and N use efficiency only in winter crops.

The effects of application methods and nitrification inhibitors on the fertilizer value of pig slurry (PS) in no‐till crops are still poorly documented. We evaluated grain and straw yield, and N accumulation of no‐till corn (Zea mays L.), oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from 2011 to 2015 on a loam soil under a subtropical climate. The crops received either: (i) no fertilizer, no dicyandiamide (DCD) (control), (ii) surface‐broadcast of urea‐N (reference treatment), (iii) surface‐broadcast pig slurry (PSs), (iv) PSs + DCD, (v) shallow‐injected pig slurry (PSi), or (vi) PSi + DCD. Broadcast applications were performed manually whereas injection in furrows (≈10 cm) was made with a commercial applicator. Corn and wheat grain yields were similar with pig slurry and mineral fertilizer, confirming the good fertilizer value of pig slurry for no‐till grain crops. Compared with surface broadcast, shallow injection of pig slurry increased grain yields of corn (+1.5 Mg ha−1) and wheat (+0.3 Mg ha−1), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) of corn (+9 kg grain kg−1 total N applied) and wheat (+2 kg grain kg−1 N), and apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR) in corn (46–68%) and wheat (29–38%). Crop performance was generally not affected by DCD, except for wheat in 2013 with increased yield (+15%), NAE (+2.7 kg grain kg−1 N), and ANR (31–39%). Pig slurry injection improved yield and N use efficiency of no‐till grain crops, whereas DCD addition to pig slurry appeared more favorable for winter than summer crops.
Genotype × Environment Interaction Effects of Propagation and Defoliation on Meadow Bromegrass
Authors: Robins Joseph G. , Jensen Kevin B.
Published: May 2017

Sixty‐three meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) half‐sib families were evaluated over 2 yr at Millville, UT, for biomass production and nutritive value. Families were evaluated under either space‐plant or sward conditions combined with either grazed or clipped management. The objective of the study was to determine if selection under standard space‐plant and clipping practices resulted in the same rank under seeded plots and grazing. Spearman correlation estimates were low among the four environments for the same trait. Most correlation estimates did not differ from zero, and the highest was ρ = 0.52. Trait differences were less pronounced in the spaced‐plant conditions. There were no differences among families for biomass in the space–graze treatment; for digestibility in the space–clip treatment; and for protein in the space–clip, space–graze, or seed–graze treatments. There was limited evidence of correlation among the four traits. Only one significant relationship, digestibility and fiber, was evident in all environments (ρ = −0.65 to −0.71, P < 0.001). These results suggest that meadow bromegrass breeding should occur in sward plot nurseries. The selection of best harvest management is less clear due to the need for both grazing and hay production. However, the difficulty of grazing for selection will likely lead to the predominance of clipping under more frequent harvest.
Biomass Yield Heterosis in Lowland Switchgrass
Authors: Bhandari Hem S. , Nayak Santosh , Dalid Cheryl O. , Sykes Virginia R.
Published: May 2017

Biomass yield improvement of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is critical for its use as a viable bioenergy feedstock. Population improvement through accumulation of favorable genes and exploitation of heterosis are two ways to improve biomass yield. The objective of this study was to assess biomass yield heterosis in biparental crosses between genotypes of lowland switchgrass. Forty‐four genotypic crosses between two predominant lowland populations ‘Alamo’ and ‘Kanlow’, along with nine crosses among genotypes of other lowland germplasm, were evaluated in Knoxville and Crossville, TN. The experiment was established in summer 2014 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each plot within each replicate was a single row of 10 plants planted on 30‐cm spacing, and rows were spaced 90 cm apart. Parental clones of 22 crosses were evaluated only in Crossville sites. Biomass yield was recorded at the end of fall 2015 and 2016. Biparental crosses were different in biomass yield (p < 0.001), and significant genotype × environment interaction for biomass yield was observed. Nineteen crosses produced 18 to 53% higher biomass compared with the average of the Alamo and Kanlow population bulks. Average yields of a matured stand ranged from 11.16 to 23.3 t ha−1. Four crosses demonstrated 25 to 41% midparent heterosis (MPH), and one cross showed 23% high‐parent heterosis. Two of the crosses showed negative MPH. Heterosis in both directions suggests presence of both favorable and unfavorable complementary dominant genes in switchgrass. These findings could help improve cultivar breeding strategies in lowland switchgrass.
Adapted optimization model for planning regional wastewater systems: case study
Authors: Zeferino J. A. , Cunha M. C. , Antunes A. P.
Published: May 2017

Wastewater systems are of crucial importance to the promotion of sustainable development. Through an integrated planning approach, the costs can be minimized and the resulting benefits maximized. A planning approach at regional level exploits the economies of scale, while achieving a better environmental performance. In this paper we set out a decision support approach for the planning of regional wastewater systems. Optimization models are used, aimed at finding optimal configurations for the location, type and size of the system's infrastructure: sewers, pump stations, and wastewater treatment plants. Solutions are evaluated in terms of the cost of installing, operating and maintaining the infrastructure, and the water quality in the river that receives the treated wastewater. The river water quality varies in accordance with the effluent discharges, and is assessed using environmental parameters. The models are solved with a simulated annealing algorithm complemented by a local improvement procedure. Its application is illustrated through a case study in the Una river basin region, in Brazil.
Estimation of hydraulic jump characteristics of channels with sudden diverging side walls via SVM
Authors: Roushangar Kiyoumars , Valizadeh Reyhaneh , Ghasempour Roghayeh
Published: May 2017

Sudden diverging channels are one of the energy dissipaters which can dissipate most of the kinetic energy of the flow through a hydraulic jump. An accurate prediction of hydraulic jump characteristics is an important step in designing hydraulic structures. This paper focuses on the capability of the support vector machine (SVM) as a meta-model approach for predicting hydraulic jump characteristics in different sudden diverging stilling basins (i.e. basins with and without appurtenances). In this regard, different models were developed and tested using 1,018 experimental data. The obtained results proved the capability of the SVM technique in predicting hydraulic jump characteristics and it was found that the developed models for a channel with a central block performed more successfully than models for channels without appurtenances or with a negative step. The superior performance for the length of hydraulic jump was obtained for the model with parameters F1 (Froude number) and (h2—h1)/h1 (h1 and h2 are sequent depth of upstream and downstream respectively). Concerning the relative energy dissipation and sequent depth ratio, the model with parameters F1 and h1/B (B is expansion ratio) led to the best results. According to the outcome of sensitivity analysis, Froude number had the most significant effect on the modeling. Also comparison between SVM and empirical equations indicated the great performance of the SVM.
Um Balanço de 10 Anos de Políticas de Ação Afirmativa no Brasil
Authors: Heringer Rosana
Published: May 2017

O artigo tem como objetivo destacar os principais avanços e desafios colocados pela implantação das políticas de ação afirmativano Brasil, particularmente no que se refere ao acesso à educação superior. Aborda o processo histórico de discussão e implantação destas políticas, levando em conta, em termos de avanços, os seguintes aspectos: ampliação do acesso à educação superior e legitimidade das políticas. Por outro lado aponta como desafios aspolíticas de permanência na educação superior e a ampliação de expectativas de estudantes do ensino médio sobre a continuidade dos seus estudos, principalmente em relação aos estudantes deescolas públicas, menor renda, pretos e pardos.
O Peregrino Indignado: Topías e Utopias do 15M
Authors: Feixa Carles , Perondi Maurício , Castro Guillermo
Published: May 2017

A peregrinação é um ritual religioso que consiste em fazer um percurso a pé ou mediante outros meios de transporte, individual ou em grupo,que tem como meta chegar a uma cidade ou santuário comum a conotação sagrada e com uma finalidade espiritual. Na Península Ibérica, o Caminho de Santiago de Compostela constitui a máxima expressão deste ritual, tendo se transformado hoje num referencial do turismo cultural. Este texto analisa outro tipo de peregrinação, cuja finalidade não é religiosa se não política: a Marcha Popular Indignada, que em julho de 2011 movimentou centenas de caminhantesdesde a periferia até a Praça do Sol, no centro da capital espanhola, Madrid. Este “Caminho de Sol” é analisado com metáfora do 15M ,o movimento dos Indignados, surgido na Espanha em maio de 2011, a partir de acampamentos de protesto na maior parte das cidades, que teve sua culminância com a chegada da Marcha no local onde se iniciaram os acampamentos: na Praça do Sol. Através do relato de Guillermo, um dos jovens que participou da Marcha, reconstruímos as origens, motivações e evolução deste movimento. Na conclusão, como forma de epílogo, fazemos um balanço do Movimento 15M, cinco anos após o seu início, quando um de seus herdeiros políticos, o Partido Podemos, acaba de chegar ao Parlamento com força, colocando fim ao bipartidismo que imperava até então.
Rationales for the Food and Agricultural Applications of Nanotechnology and Exposure Science Required for Its Regulation
Authors: Suppan Steve
Published: May 2017

According to White House science advisors, U.S. federal gover- nment budgetary, personal, infrastructural and policy support is necessary for research into the Environmental Health and Safety (EHS effects) of exposure to Engineered Nanoscale Mate- rials (ENMs) to guarantee the responsible commercialization of ENMs in consumer and industrial products. Validated databases of exposure data from Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of products with ENMs requires adequate support and the cooperation of product developers. This article summarizes some EHS exposu- re research accomplished in the absence of the product develo- per cooperation and adequate support. EHS research into food and agriculture applications of nanotechnology is used to exem- plify several challenges in developing the validated LCA expo- sure data bases required for risk assessments and subsequent regulation of nanotechnology enabled products.
AFRICANOS NO BRASIL, HOJE: IMIGRANTES, REFUGIADOS E ESTUDANTES
Authors: Gusmão Neusa Maria Mendes de
Published: May 2017

O presente texto trata da realidade de estudantes originários de países africanos de língua oficial portuguesa no Brasil. São jovens que compartilham um processo migratório com finalidade de estudos e que vivem a experiência de estar “fora de lugar” em um país estrangeiro. Trata-se de um contexto complexo em que os indivíduos que migram cumprem metas de desenvolvimento de seus países de origem. A partir de seus deslocamentos e de suas histórias particulares revela-se a história mais geral do povo negro, africano e estrangeiro na “terra dos outros”.
MASCULINIDADE, VIOLÊNCIA E ESPAÇO PÚBLICO: NOTAS ETNOGRÁFICAS SOBRE O BAIRRO BRASIL DA PRAIA (CABO VERDE)
Authors: Bordonaro Lorenzo I.
Published: May 2017

Nesse artigo, argumento que os thugs, jovens membros de gangs na cidade da Praia (Cabo Verde), não são uma descontinuidade histórica ou social, mas uma expressão paroxística de elementos próprios da cultura do país, da dinâmica identitária própria dos bairros e da masculinidade hegemônica. Na mesma medida, são também uma reação segundo lógicas sociais e culturais locais e através da apropriação de traços das culturas juvenis globais, às violentas transformações econômicas que têm marcado a sociedade cabo-verdiana na época pós-abertura.
Fronteras intraeuropeas, desactivación fronteriza, cooperación transfronteriza e instituciones: El caso de La Raya ibérica
Authors: Calderón Vázquez Francisco José
Published: May 2017

El presente trabajo plantea una aplicación al caso de la política europea de cooperación transfronteriza (CTF). Se revisa la CTF llevada a cabo en la frontera hispano-portuguesa desde una perspectiva funcional, mediante una descripción panorámica del proceso de implementación de CTF luso-hispana, de los agentes e instituciones que la han llevado a cabo, en particular las comunidades de trabajo, y de los resultados logrados a lo largo del proceso. Entendiendo por resultados: 1) qué avances o retrocesos se han realizado en la desactivación de esta frontera secular ─es decir, se ha logrado eliminar el efecto frontera─, 2) qué obstáculos quedan pendientes y 3) cuáles son los desafíos de futuro. Las conclusiones muestran un panorama ambiguo por cuanto que se constatan grandes avances en los aspectos de infraestructura, de transporte, comunicación, intercambio y comercio; aunque todavía queden flecos pendientes y otros campos -culturales, antropológicos-sociológicos- donde los progresos son poco significativos o nulos.
Argentina frente al gobierno de Allende, la mirada del diario Río Negro
Authors: Azcoitia Alfredo
Published: May 2017

En el presente artículo abordamos las noticias sobre los vínculos argentino-chilenos que circularon por el diario más influyente de la Norpatagonia argentina durante el gobierno de Salvador Allende (1970-1973). A través de herramientas del análisis del discurso damos cuenta de las múltiples dimensiones que condicionaron dichos discursos como también de los sentidos que adquirieron las relaciones binacionales en el marco de los mismos. Consideramos que este tipo de estudios contribuyen a deconstruir las miradas esencializadas sobre el otro, dando cuenta de las diversas aristas contenidas en las representaciones que circulan a través de la prensa. Esto adquiere mayor relevancia en el caso de la Norpatagonia, al tratarse de una región cuyos vínculos con Chile configuran una experiencia tan histórica como cotidiana. En este sentido, los discursos que prevalecieron en el Río Negro construyeron un Chile cuyo pasado y presente lo vinculaba íntimamente al futuro de la Argentina y la región.
Prospective study one-year clinical outcomes of the Calypso coronary stent in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Vorobev V. , Semenihin A. , Grachev N. , Verin V.
Published: May 2017

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the stent use Calypso Angiolain Russia with primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).Methods. The study prospectively included 150 patients who underwent PTCA in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) for the period from January to December 2015. During the one-year follow-up period were evaluated indicators insolvency target lesion (cardiac death, myocardial infarction in the pool target artery, target lesion revascularization when clinically indicated), major adverse cardiac events (death from any cause, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization as clinically indicated). Results. In one year, the incidence of target lesion failure was 6.66% for cardiac death rate of 1.33%, myocardial infarction in the target artery 3.33% and target lesion revascularization at 5.3%. The frequency of cardiac major adverse cardiac events was 12% at mortality 2.66%, myocardial infarction 4% and revascularization when clinically indicated 8.66%. Conclusion. The use of stents in primary PTCA Calypso is possible, the percentage of cardiovascular complications is comparable with the data of clinical trials.Received 31 January 2017. Accepted 17 March 2017.Financing: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Vascular dysfunction in patients with coarctation of the aorta: two-year results after early correction
Authors: Sinelnikov Yu. , Gasanov E. , Orehova E.
Published: May 2017

Aim. The article deals with assessment of the changes of elastic properties of the aortic wall in patients with coarctation of the aorta, as compared with the control group, during different postoperative periods.Methods. 54 patients underwent surgical repair of coarctation of aorta by using extended end-to-end anastomosis and reverse left subclavian flap aortoplasty in infancy. The control group included 27 patients without any congenital heart pathology.Results. The median systolic arterial pressure in the 1st group was 105.3 (98; 112) mm Hg; the median diastolic pressure – 57.1 (51; 60) mm Hg, p<0.01. 10 patients in the group with coarctation of the aorta (18.5%) had values above 95 percentiles, whereas in the control group there were no patients with values above 95 percentiles, p<0.01. Elastic properties of the ascending aorta significantly differed throughout the follow-up, while elasticity of the descending aorta tended to differ only after 6 months.Conclusion. Elastic properties of the aortic wall remain impaired even after early neonatal surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. According to a decrease in elastic properties of the ascending and descending aorta, vascular pathology is thought to have a systemic nature caused by aortic arch remodeling. However, this theory needs further prospective studies.Received 14 April 2016. Accepted 20 January 2017.Financing: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Olhar o magistério "no próprio espelho": O conceito de profissionalidade e as possibilidades de se repensar o sentido da profissão docente
Authors: Simões Coelho Ana Maria , Diniz-Pereira Júlio Emílio
Published: May 2017

Em seu livro Ofício de Mestre – Imagens e auto-imagens, o Professor Emérito da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, no Brasil, Miguel Arroyo, levanta as seguintes questões sobre o magistério: "Como a categoria pensa em si mesma? No espelho dos outros ou no próprio espelho?". Ao deixar se encantar pela "ilusão da profissionalização" – e a fortíssima influência que a vertente funcionalista exerce sobre esse conceito –, o magistério parece insistir em olhar para si mesmo "no espelho dos outros". Neste artigo, por meio da discussão dos conceitos de profissionalização, profissionalismo e profissionalidade e de uma revisão das principais vertentes da sociologia das profissões, discutimos as seguintes perguntas sobre esse tema: o que significa considerar que o magistério constitua, de fato, uma profissão? Quais as implicações de nos referirmos aos conceitos de profissionalização, profissionalismo e profissionalidade na descrição da atuação e das expectativas colocadas para o professor como profissional? Quais as possibilidades de se repensar o sentido do magistério a partir do conceito de profissionalidade? Ao final, defendemos a utilização do conceito de profissionalidade para se discutir a especificidade da profissão docente – ou seja, fazê-la olhar "no próprio espelho" – e que este abre novas possibilidades para se repensar o sentido do magistério.Palavras-chave: Profissão docente; Profissionalidade; Sociologia das profissões; Brasil.  ABSTRACTIn his book Ofício de Mestre – Imagens e auto-imagens, Professor Emeritus at Federal University of Minas Gerais, in Brazil, Miguel Arroyo, raises the following questions about teaching: "How does the teaching profession think about itself? Through the mirror of others or through its own mirror?". By letting oneself be led by the "illusion of professionalization" – and the very strong influence that the functionalist view exerts on this concept –, the teaching profession seems to insist on looking at itself "through the mirror of others." In this article, by discussing the concepts of professionalization, professionalism and professionality, as well as a review of the sociology of professions, we discuss the following questions on this topic: what does it mean to consider that teaching is, in fact, a profession? What are the implications of referring to the concepts of professionalization, professionalism and professionality in the description of the performance and of the expectations placed for the teacher as a professional? What are the possibilities of rethinking the meaning of the teaching profession through the concept of professionalism? In the end, we defend the use of the concept of professionalism to discuss the specificity of the teaching profession – that is, "to make it look at its own mirror" – and that the concept opens new possibilities for rethinking the meaning of the teaching profession.Keywords: Teaching profession; Professionality; Sociology of professions; Brazil
Comportamiento de 50 familias de medios hermanos de Solanum quitoense Lam bajo selección recurrente
Authors: Lagos Tulio , Apraez Julián , Lagos Liz , Duarte David
Published: May 2017

El presente estudio se orientó hacia la implementación de un programa de selección recurrente de medios hermanos, como base para el programa de mejoramiento genético de lulo de castilla en la zona Andina del departamento de Nariño. Se evaluaron 50 familias de medios hermanos en dos localidades (La Florida y Yacuanquer), con el fin de seleccionar aquellas que contribuyan a mejorar la producción, calidad y productividad del cultivo de lulo en el departamento de Nariño. Los ensayos se sembraron bajo el diseño de bloques completos al azar, con dos repeticiones. Se evaluaron las variables rendimiento, peso de fruto, peso de semilla por fruto, contenido de jugo, solidos solubles totales, acidez titulable e índice de madurez. Este primer ciclo de selección recurrente de familias de medios hermanos de lulo de Castilla fue efectivo, dado que se obtuvo un incremento en el rendimiento con 10,67 t ha-1, en el peso de fruto con 33,34 g y en contenido de jugo con 18 ml para las familias LSCmmh22, LSCmmh06, LSCmmh36, LSCmmh32, LSCmmh44, LSCmmh08, LSCmmh42, LSCmmh45, LSCmmh34 y LSCmmh29, las cuales obtuvieron los mayores índices de selección.
Evaluación de fertilización orgánica en cafeto (Coffea arabica) con pequeños productores de Santander, Colombia
Authors: Mosquera Ana Teresa , Melo María , Quiroga Cristian , Avendaño Diego , Barahona Mónica , Galindo Fabián , Lancheros Jhonattan , Prieto Sol , Rodriguez Andrea , Sosa Danithsa
Published: May 2017

La agricultura en la actualidad tiene el reto de suplir la demanda existente por alimentos a nivel mundial, como también, proporcionar un desarrollo sostenible para la humanidad. Para el presente trabajo el modelo escogido fue café, generando la hipótesis que al utilizar abonos orgánicos para la fertilización del cultivo, se obtendría igual o mejores resultados que al aplicar la fertilización tradicional de la zona de estudio. Para lo cual se plantearon los siguientes objetivos: Evaluar el efecto del bocashi y lombricompuesto como fertilizantes orgánicos en el desarrollo vegetativo y sanidad del cultivo de cafeto; y determinar la influencia de la temperatura en la elaboración de bocashi. Se trabajó un diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar (BCA); los tratamientos fueron: bocashi, lombricompuesto y fertilización tradicional orgánica y las variables evaluadas fueron: altura y número de hojas por planta, así como, incidencia de patógenos fungosos. Se escogieron tres fincas ubicadas en diferentes sectores del municipio de Ocamonte-Santander para tener mayor representación de las condiciones agroclimáticas de la región, donde se estableció la variedad Castillo. Se realizó análisis físico-químico de los suelos, para determinar los nutrientes disponibles a las plantas al momento de la siembra, igualmente, se hizo análisis químico a los abonos orgánicos para determinar su influencia sobre las variables evaluadas. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron aceptar la hipótesis, y aunque químicamente el bocashi registró mayores valores que el lombricompuesto, este último, indujo mejor respuesta en el desarrollo vegetativo del cafeto.
Cost–effectiveness analysis of endoscopic eradication therapy for treatment of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Filby Alex , Taylor Matthew , Lipman Gideon , Lovat Laurence , Haidry Rehan
Published: May 2017

Aim:
The aim was to evaluate the cost–effectiveness of endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) with combined endoscopic mucosal resection and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) arising in patients with Barrett’s esophagus compared with endoscopic surveillance alone in the UK.
Materials & methods:
The cost–effectiveness model consisted of a decision tree and modified Markov model. A lifetime time horizon was adopted with the perspective of the UK healthcare system.
Results:
The base case analysis estimates that EET for the treatment of HGD is cost-effective at a GB£20,000 cost–effectiveness threshold compared with providing surveillance alone for HGD patients (incremental cost–effectiveness ratio: GB£1272).
Conclusion:
EET is likely to be a cost-effective treatment strategy compared with surveillance alone in patients with HGD arising in Barrett’s esophagus in the UK.
Investigación interdisciplinaria de sistemas complejos: lecciones del cambio climático
Authors: García Rolando
Published: May 2017

Este texto es una síntesis, hecha por Haydeé García Bravo, de varias conferencias y seminarios que Rolando García impartió en el CEIICH, a partir de 1998 y que posteriormente él mismo sistematizó para redactar la introducción y conclusiones de su libro Sistemas complejos. Conceptos, método y fundamentación epistemológica de la investigación interdisciplinaria (Barcelona, Gedisa, 2006).
Managing African Urbanization in the Context of Environmental Change
Authors: Lwasa Shuaib
Published: May 2017

Africa’s urbanization rate has increased steadily over the past three decades and is reported to be faster than in any other region in the world . It is estimated that by 2030, over half of the African population will be living in urban areas . But the nature of Africa’s urbanization and subsequent form of cities is yet to be critically analyzed in the context of city authorities’ readiness to address the challenges . Evidence is also suggesting that urbanization in African countries is increasingly associated with the high economic growth that has been observed in the last two decades . Both underlying and proximate drivers are responsible for the urbanization, and these include population dynamics, economic growth, legislative designation, increasing densities in rural centers, as well as the growth of mega cities such as Lagos, Cairo and Kinshasa, that are extending to form urban corridors . With the opportunities of urbanization in Sub–Saharan Africa, there are also challenges in the development and management of these cities . Those challenges include provision of social services, sustainable economic development, housing development, urban governance, spatial development guidance and environmental management, climate change adaptation, mitigation and disaster risk reduction . The challenge involves dealing with the development and infrastructure deficit, in addition to required adaption to and mitigation of climate change . This paper examines the current state of urban management in Africa .
¿De qué hablamos cuando hablamos de sustentabilidad? Una propuesta ecológico política
Authors: Toledo Víctor M.
Published: May 2017

Resumen | Si se considera 1987 (el Informe Brundtland) como el inicio oficial de la idea de sustentabilidad, el término ha realizado un fulgurante recorrido de casi tres décadas y sigue vivo. En su devenir, se ha convertido al mismo tiempo en concepto, paradigma, marco teórico, instrumento técnico, utopía, pretexto, ideología y muchas cosas más, pero sobre todo se ha vuelto la palabra que encierra un vago deseo de las masas educadas y privilegiadas del planeta de un mundo mejor en el que el género humano se reencuentre idealmente con la naturaleza y con la justicia social. Más allá de la dimensión ideológica, y de sus múltiples e inasibles interpretaciones, este ensayo se centra en la sustentabilidad como concepto científico que brota de una visión interdisciplinaria de la realidad, y que para muchos autores alcanza el estatus de un nuevo paradigma. El ensayo intenta mostrar cómo el concepto científico de sustentabilidad en la gran mayoría de sus versiones, no es sino una expresión tecno-económica que de manera explícita o implícita va dirigida a convencer a los “tomadores de decisiones”, y que busca aplicar soluciones meramente técnicas o ingenieriles.Utilizando un abordaje ecológico político, basado en la teoría de los tres poderes, el ensayo identifica y desarrolla una definición de sustentabilidad como poder social, que convierte al concepto en un promisorio instrumento político de emancipación social y ambiental, en una versión legítima de una “ciencia con conciencia”.