bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The SLR1‐OsMADS23‐D14 module mediates the crosstalk between strigolactone and gibberellin signaling to control rice tillering
Authors: Li Xingxing , Xie Zizhao , Qin Tian , Zhan Chenghang , Jin Liang , Huang Junli
Published: December 2024

Strigolactones (SLs) and gibberellins (GAs) have been found to inhibit plant branching or tillering, but molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between SL and GA signaling to modulate tillering remain elusive.

We found that the transcription factor OsMADS23 plays a crucial role in the crosslink between SL and GA signaling in rice tillering. Loss‐of‐function mutant osmads23 shows normal axillary bud formation but defective bud outgrowth, thus reducing the tiller number in rice, whereas overexpression of OsMADS23 significantly increases tillering by promoting tiller bud outgrowth.

OsMADS23 physically interacts with DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), and the interaction reciprocally stabilizes each other. Genetic evidence showed that SLR1 is required for OsMADS23 to control rice tillering. OsMADS23 acts as an upstream transcriptional repressor to inhibit the expression of SL receptor gene DWARF14 (D14), and addition of SLR1 further enhances OsMADS23‐mediated transcriptional repression of D14, indicating that D14 is the downstream target gene of OsMADS23–SLR1 complex. Moreover, application of exogenous SL and GA reduces the protein stability of OsMADS23–SLR1 complex and promotes D14 expression.

Our results revealed that SLs and GAs synergistically inhibit rice tillering by destabilizing OsMADS23–SLR1 complex, which provides important insights into the molecular networks of SL–GA synergistic interaction during rice tillering.
New‐Occurrence of Postoperative Modic Changes and Its Influence on the Surgical Prognosis After Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Disc Discectomy
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Chao , Zhang Hao , Liu Zhiming , Lian Zheng , Li Han , Tao Hao , Ma Xuexiao
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common degenerative spinal disease in clinical practice. This study aims to investigate the impact of Modic changes (MCs) on postoperative recovery and disease recurrence following percutaneous endoscopic lumbar disc discectomy (PELD), providing important insights for improving the management of chronic low back pain. This study investigates the 1‐year progression rate of MCs after PELD and their impact on surgical outcomes and recurrence.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 419 patients with single‐segment lumbar disc herniation who underwent PELD between January 2019 and December 2022. Lumbar MRI assessed preoperative and postoperative MCs. Pain levels and surgical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analog scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and Macnab criteria. Univariate analysis explored the relationship between postoperative MCs and pain, while subgroups investigated the associations between postoperative efficacy, recurrence, and MCs type and area.

Results

One‐year follow‐up revealed that the probability of MCs postsurgery was 24.8%. Patients with postoperative MCs had significantly lower pain scores compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis indicated that the type and area of postoperative MCs were risk factors for poor outcomes in PELD patients (p < 0.05). During the 1‐year follow‐up, recurrence rates in the no‐MCs and MCs groups were 3.8% and 9.6%, respectively (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis concluded that the area of postoperative MCs was a risk factor for PELD recurrence.

Conclusion

The postoperative MCs, as a risk factor, may have a detrimental effect on the surgical efficacy and short‐term recurrence of LDH following PELD based on a large sample. Furthermore, the harmful effect is affected by the area and type of the postoperative MCs.
Proteome Reprogramming and Acquired Stress Tolerance in Potato Cells Exposed to Acute or Stepwise Water Deficit
Authors: Cappetta Elisa , Del Regno Carmine , Ceccacci Sara , Monti Maria Chiara , Spinelli Lucio , Conte Marisa , D'Anna Chiara , Alfieri Mariaevelina , Vietri Mariapia , Costa Antonello , Leone Antonietta , Ambrosone Alfredo
Published: December 2024

Water deficit negatively impacts crop productivity and quality. Plants face these challenges by adjusting biological processes and molecular functions according to the intensity and duration of the stress. The cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) is considered sensitive to water deficit, thus breeding efforts are needed to enhance its resilience. To capture novel functional information and gene regulatory networks, we carried out mass spectrometry‐based proteomics in potato cell suspensions exposed to abrupt or stepwise osmotic stresses. Both forms of stress triggered significant alterations in protein expression, though with divergent response mechanisms. Stress response pathways orchestrated by key proteins enrolled in primary and secondary metabolism, antioxidant processes, transcriptional and translational machinery and chromatin organization were found in adapted cells. Target metabolites and reactive oxygen species levels were quantified to associate functional outcomes with the proteome study. Remarkably, we also showed that adapted cells tolerate an array of diverse conditions, including anoxia, salt and heat stress. Finally, the expression patterns of genes encoding selected differentially expressed proteins were investigated in potato plants subjected to either drought or salt stress. Collectively, our findings reveal the complex cellular strategies of osmotic stress adaptation, identifying new fundamental genes that could enhance potato resilience.
Equal Opportunity Sensitive Aggregate Wellbeing Measurement: Food Security and Basic Household Income on Sub‐Sahara African Farms
Authors: Anderson Gordon , Manero Ana , Bjornlund Henning
Published: December 2024

Equality of Opportunity and gender equality, key components of the UNs' Sustainable Development Goals and Inclusive Growth initiatives, require wellbeing measures that reflect the extent to which such targets are being achieved. From a measurement perspective, the Equal Opportunity literature distinguishes between inequalities arising from individual choice and inequalities engendered by circumstances beyond individual control, only the latter should enter the calculus. However, common metrics of socio‐economic inequality make no such distinction confounding different inequality sources and obfuscating potential intervention pathways. Using recent intertemporal data from family farms on four Zimbabwean and Tanzanian irrigation schemes, this study introduces and exemplifies new methods for measuring Equality of Opportunity multidimensionally within an overall wellbeing framework. Results indicate a deterioration in equality of opportunity in access to land, with an improvement in equality of opportunity in revenue generation, with the former outweighing the latter in a joint analysis resulting in a decline in overall wellbeing.
Adverse Outcomes After Tunneled Dialysis Catheter–Related Bloodstream Infections—Too Dark at the End of This Tunnel?
Authors: Pandit Niveditha , Rao Namrata , Ansari Majibullah , Chandra Abhilash , Saran Sai
Published: December 2024

Background

Tunneled dialysis catheters (TDCs) are preferred over temporary noncuffed catheters for access in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. The removal of TDC after catheter‐related blood stream infections (CRBSIs) is often not practiced even when indicated, and the adverse outcomes after such salvage are presently unclear.

Aims and Objectives

The study aimed to evaluate adverse outcomes after the first episode of definite or probable CRBSI. The composite adverse outcome was recorded as the presence of at least one of three adverse outcomes—death in the index hospital admission, occurrence of recurrent bacteremia, and death within 3 months.

Results

During the study period, the TDC CRBSI incidence rate was 6.9/1000 catheter days. Of the 110 study participants, majority were male (63%), with a median age of 35 years, belonging to rural (56%) and agrarian (39%) communities, and 66% were getting dialyzed at stand‐alone dialysis units. Gram‐negative infections predominated (64%), with 37% of isolates showing resistance to carbapenems. Catheter salvage was practiced in 80%, and immediate catheter removal was done only in the sickest of patients (in seven of eight with in‐hospital mortality). Predictors of composite adverse outcomes included sites other than right internal jugular vein (OR 3.6) and resistance to β lactam‐β lactamase inhibitors (OR 16.2). At a median follow‐up of 7 months, all survivors at 3 months were alive and 46% had recurrent TDC CRBSIs.

Conclusion

Up to one‐half of patients with end‐stage kidney disease experienced composite adverse outcomes after the first episode of TDC CRBSI, with infection‐related 3‐month mortality of 15%.

Trial Registration

Clinical trial number: CTRI/2023/10/058556
Biopolitical Borders and the Political Economy of Migration Flows to and From Türkiye
Authors: Özyürek Mehmet
Published: December 2024

This study examines the biopolitical borders of Türkiye. On the one hand, Türkiye deserves attention as a destination country that received millions of Syrian asylum seekers after the outbreak of the war in Syria and hundreds of thousands of migrants from other surrounding countries since the early 2010s. Yet, the country can also be seen as an origin and a transit country since a significant number of citizens and foreigners have been emigrating to Western countries from Türkiye. Recently, the number of educated and highly skilled people from Türkiye migrating to other countries has escalated. Given its unique position as a receiving, transit and origin country, Türkiye merits special investigation into the consequences of migration and border policies on domestic biopolitics. This study differs from existing literature in that it focuses on the biopolitical implications of migration from and to Türkiye. The study shows that even though the biopolitical borders of the country seem inadequate to protect domestic biopolitics, they are still discernible for migrants. Although a large number of Syrians, Afghans and other foreign nationals have crossed the national borders of Türkiye, they still face biopolitical borders. Türkiye's biopolitical borders not only function to establish a hierarchy that subordinates migrants to citizens but also create hierarchies among different migrant groups.
Unpicking Causal Relationships Between Grip Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Norris Tom , Cooper Rachel , Garfield Victoria , Hamer Mark , Pinto Pereira Snehal M
Published: December 2024

Understanding the dominant direction of association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and grip strength could help refine physical activity recommendations. We performed a Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the bidirectional relationship between CRF and grip strength (GS). Using an inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) MR framework, we estimated the strength of the GS (exposure)‐CRF (outcome) association using genome‐wide association summary data. When examining the CRF (exposure)‐GS (outcome) association, the CRF genetic instrument was related to individual‐level GS phenotypic data in 367 693 UK Biobank participants. Several sensitivity analyses were performed (e.g., MR‐Egger, MR‐weighted median estimator and MR‐PRESSO) and both measures were scaled by body weight (w). In the direction GS‐to‐CRF, a 1‐unit increase in GSw (i.e., GS/weight) was associated with 1.70 mL/kg/min (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14,2.27) higher CRFw (IVW model). This finding persisted across most sensitivity analyses. In the reverse direction, there was no evidence supporting an effect of CRFw on GSw, e.g., a 1‐unit increase in CRFw led to a 0.00 kg/kg (95% CI: −0.01,0.02) higher GSw (IVW model). Our finding of a dominant direction of association from greater GS to higher CRF is relevant when considering how to promote physical activity guidelines. For example, placing too much emphasis on improving/maintaining CRF is unlikely to result in maximum benefits for other fundamental components of physical fitness, particularly muscle strength.
Cidades médias e migrações internacionais contemporâneas em regiões do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Cazarotto Rosmari T. , Sindelar Fernanda C. W , Da Silveira Rogério L. L. , Danieli Rafaela
Published: December 2024

O presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender o papel das cidades médias na recepção, absorção, e redirecionamento desses fluxos migratórios no contexto do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir de Lajeado e Passo Fundo, e sua relação com a rede regional urbano-rural. O estudo classifica-se como exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando dados secundários disponibilizados por órgãos governamentais. Os resultados evidenciam que o estado do Rio Grande do Sul vem atraindo, desde 2010, um número expressivo de imigrantes laborais internacionais, com destaque para os latino-americanos do sexo masculino, os quais tem se inserido em especial na indústria de transformação, serviços e comércio. Quanto à distribuição espacial, embora as cidades das regiões de Porto Alegre e de Caxias do Sul sejam as que mais concentram, cidades médias e pequenas também atraíram estes contingentes, como Lajeado e Passo Fundo, cada uma com suas particularidades.
MULTI-AEROELASTIC PHENOMENA MODELLING PART I: THE DEVELOPMENT OF WHOLE LPC MODEL FOR CIVIL TURBOFAN ENGINE
Authors: Kulkarni Davendu , Lad Bharat , di Mare Luca
Published: December 2024

Aeroelastic phenomena in the low pressure compression (LPC) system of civil turbofan engines can cause a significant high cycle fatigue (HCF) risk to LPC components. Currently, the mechanical integrity risk to the LPC components is assessed by performing multiple, discrete aeromechanical simulations, which require large resources and incur high time cost. Therefore, the development of a comprehensive modelling simulation approach is necessary to assess multiple phenomena and components simultaneously that can provide accurate results within design timescales. This paper presents the methodology for generating a common, system level model for investigating multiple aeroelastic phenomena in fan and outlet guide vanes (OGVs). The development of a high fidelity, full annulus CFD model of the whole low pressure compression system is described. Time accurate unsteady CFD simulations are then conducted at multiple flight conditions. These information-rich simulation models are interrogated to extract various parameters of interest to assess multiple aeroelastic phenomena such as, 1EO fan forced response, fan alternating passage divergence (APD) forced response, OGV buffet, and OGV resonant forced response etc. In the second part of this paper, the application of this modelling methodology is demonstrated to evaluate and to better understand the efficacy of OGV asymmetric cyclic patterns.
Unreported large errors in a common method for sound source localization of marine mammals
Authors: Pascoe Devin , Spiesberger John L. , Mellinger David K.
Published: December 2024

Confidence intervals of location of calling marine mammals, derived from time differences of arrival (TDOA) between receivers, depend on errors of TDOAs, receiver location, clocks, sound speeds, and location method. Simulations demonstrate Ishmael, a TDOA locator based on uncorrected least squares minimization (ULSM), yields errors with mean, standard deviation, and maximum of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.9 km, respectively, due to sensitivity to inputs and numerical implementation when applied to scenarios with minuscule errors; e.g., five clock-synchronized receivers residing on the vertices of a square with one in its center. This sensitivity can mask other causes of location error due to small uncertainties in receiver location and sound speed. Realistic uncertainties of sound speed up to ±7.5 m/s lead to errors up to 4 km. With unsynchronized clocks and common practice of correcting TDOA from synchronization measurements at the start and end of an experiment, errors of location are 10 to 1000 km. These problems occur because ULSM was not designed to account for all errors. ULSM is also available in PAMGuard and other systems and is used to study behavior and abundance of calling marine mammals. ULSM is briefly compared to another method designed to account for errors.
Transcription-coupled changes in genomic region proximities during transcriptional bursting
Authors: Ohishi Hiroaki , Shinkai Soya , Owada Hitoshi , Fujii Takeru , Hosoda Kazufumi , Onami Shuichi , Yamamoto Takashi , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Ochiai Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

The orchestration of our genes heavily relies on coordinated communication between enhancers and promoters, yet the mechanisms behind this dynamic interplay during active transcription remain unclear. Here, we investigated enhancer-promoter (E-P) interactions in relation to transcriptional bursting in mouse embryonic stem cells using sequential DNA/RNA/immunofluorescence–fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. Our data reveal that the active state of specific genes is characterized by specific proximities between different genomic regions and the accumulation of transcriptional regulatory factors. Mathematical simulations suggest that an increase in local viscosity could potentially contribute to stabilizing the duration of these E-P proximities. Our study provides insights into the association among E-P proximity, protein accumulation, and transcriptional dynamics, paving the way for a more nuanced understanding of gene-specific regulatory mechanisms.
Epitope-focused immunogens targeting the hepatitis C virus glycoproteins induce broadly neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Nagarathinam Kumar , Scheck Andreas , Labuhn Maurice , Ströh Luisa J. , Herold Elisabeth , Veselkova Barbora , Tune Sarah , Cramer Johannes T. , Rosset Stéphane , Vollers Sabrina S. , Bankwitz Dorothea , Ballmaier Matthias , Böning Heike , Roth Edith , Khera Tanvi , Ahsendorf-Abidi Henrike P. , Dittrich-Breiholz Oliver , Obleser Jonas , Nassal Michael , Jäck Hans-Martin , Pietschmann Thomas , Correia Bruno E. , Krey Thomas
Published: December 2024

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes ~290,000 annual human deaths despite the highly effective antiviral treatment available. Several viral immune evasion mechanisms have hampered the development of an effective vaccine against HCV, among them the remarkable conformational flexibility within neutralization epitopes in the HCV antigens. Here, we report the design of epitope-focused immunogens displaying two distinct HCV cross-neutralization epitopes. We show that these immunogens induce a pronounced, broadly neutralizing antibody response in laboratory and transgenic human antibody mice. Monoclonal human antibodies isolated from immunized human antibody mice specifically recognized the grafted epitopes and neutralized four diverse HCV strains. Our results highlight a promising strategy for developing HCV immunogens and provide an encouraging paradigm for targeting structurally flexible epitopes to improve the induction of neutralizing antibodies.
Neuronal circuit mechanisms of competitive interaction between action-based and coincidence learning
Authors: Rozenfeld Eyal , Parnas Moshe
Published: December 2024

How information is integrated across different forms of learning is crucial to understanding higher cognitive functions. Animals form classic or operant associations between cues and their outcomes. It is believed that a prerequisite for operant conditioning is the formation of a classical association. Thus, both memories coexist and are additive. However, the two memories can result in opposing behavioral responses, which can be disadvantageous. We show that
Drosophila
classical and operant olfactory conditioning rely on distinct neuronal pathways leading to different behavioral responses. Plasticity in both pathways cannot be formed simultaneously. If plasticity occurs at both pathways, interference between them occurs and learning is disrupted. Activity of the navigation center is required to prevent plasticity in the classical pathway and enable it in the operant pathway. These findings fundamentally challenge hierarchical views of operant and classical learning and show that active processes prevent coexistence of the two memories.
Antidepressant use in spatial social networks
Authors: Lengyel Balázs , Tóth Gergő , Christakis Nicholas A. , Bíró Anikó
Published: December 2024

Social networks may help individuals maintain their mental health. Most empirical work based on small-scale surveys finds that cohesive social networks are critical for mental well-being, while diverse networks are considered less important. Here, we link data on antidepressant use of 277,344 small-town residents to a nationwide online social network. The data enable us to examine how individuals’ mental health care is related to the spatial characteristics of their social networks including their ties in the local community and connections to distant communities. We find that, besides the cohesion of social networks around home, the diversity of connections to distant places is negatively correlated with the probability of antidepressant use. Spatial diversity of social networks is also associated with decreasing dosage in subsequent years. This relationship is independent from the local access to antidepressants and is more prevalent for young individuals. Structural features of spatial social networks are prospectively associated with depression treatment.
Experimental demonstration of the equivalence of entropic uncertainty with wave-particle duality
Authors: Spegel-Lexne Daniel , Gómez Santiago , Argillander Joakim , Pawłowski Marcin , Dieguez Pedro R. , Alarcón Alvaro , Xavier Guilherme B.
Published: December 2024

Wave-particle duality is one of the most notable and counterintuitive features of quantum mechanics, illustrating that two incompatible observables cannot be measured simultaneously with arbitrary precision. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the equivalence of wave-particle duality and entropic uncertainty relations using orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of light. Our experiment uses an innovative and reconfigurable platform composed of few-mode optical fibers and photonic lanterns, showcasing the versatility of this technology for quantum information processing. Our results provide fundamental insights into the complementarity principle from an informational perspective, with implications for the broader field of quantum technologies.
A helminth enzyme subverts macrophage-mediated immunity by epigenetic targeting of prostaglandin synthesis
Authors: Bohnacker Sina , Henkel Fiona D. R. , Hartung Franziska , Geerlof Arie , Riemer Sandra , Prodjinotho Ulrich F. , Salah Eya Ben , Mourão André Santos Dias , Bohn Stefan , Teder Tarvi , Thomas Dominique , Gurke Robert , Boeckel Christiane , Ud-Dean Minhaz , König Ann-Christine , Quaranta Alessandro , Alessandrini Francesca , Lechner Antonie , Spitzlberger Benedikt , Kabat Agnieszka M. , Pearce Edward , Haeggström Jesper Z. , Hauck Stefanie M. , Wheelock Craig E. , Jakobsson Per-Johan , Sattler Michael , Voehringer David , Feige Matthias J. , da Costa Clarissa Prazeres , Bieren Julia Esser-von
Published: December 2024

The molecular mechanisms by which worm parasites evade host immunity are incompletely understood. In a mouse model of intestinal helminth infection using
Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri
(
Hpb
), we show that helminthic glutamate dehydrogenase (heGDH) drives parasite chronicity by suppressing macrophage-mediated host defense. Combining RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and targeted lipidomics, we identify prostaglandin E
2
(PGE
2
) as a major immune regulatory mechanism of heGDH. The induction of PGE
2
and other immunoregulatory factors, including IL-12 family cytokines and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, by heGDH required p300-mediated histone acetylation, whereas the enzyme’s catalytic activity suppressed the synthesis of type 2–promoting leukotrienes by macrophages via 2-hydroxyglutarate. By contrast, the induction of immunoregulatory factors involved the heGDH N terminus by potentially mediating interactions with cellular targets (CD64 and GPNMB) identified by proteomics. Type 2 cytokines counteracted suppressive effects of heGDH on host defense, indicating that type 2 immunity can limit helminth-driven immune evasion. Thus, helminths harness a ubiquitous metabolic enzyme to epigenetically target type 2 macrophage activation and establish chronicity.
The inflammatory microenvironment of the lung at the time of infection governs innate control of SARS-CoV-2 replication
Authors: Baker Paul J. , Bohrer Andrea C. , Castro Ehydel , Amaral Eduardo P. , Snow-Smith Maryonne , Torres-Juárez Flor , Gould Sydnee T. , Queiroz Artur T. L. , Fukutani Eduardo R. , Jordan Cassandra M. , Khillan Jaspal S. , Cho Kyoungin , Barber Daniel L. , Andrade Bruno B. , Johnson Reed F. , Hilligan Kerry L. , Mayer-Barber Katrin D.
Published: December 2024

Severity of COVID-19 is affected by multiple factors; however, it is not understood how the inflammatory milieu of the lung at the time of SARS-CoV-2 exposure affects the control of viral replication. Here, we demonstrate that immune events in the mouse lung closely preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection affect viral control and identify innate immune pathways that limit viral replication. Pulmonary inflammatory stimuli including resolved, antecedent respiratory infections with
Staphylococcus aureus
or influenza, ongoing pulmonary
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection, ovalbumin/alum-induced asthma, or airway administration of TLR ligands and recombinant cytokines all establish an antiviral state in the lung that restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication. In addition to antiviral type I interferons, TNFα and IL-1 potently precondition the lung for enhanced viral control. Our work shows that SARS-CoV-2 may benefit from an immunologically quiescent lung microenvironment and suggests that heterogeneity in pulmonary inflammation preceding SARS-CoV-2 exposure may contribute to variability in disease outcomes.
MAIT cell plasticity enables functional adaptation that drives antibacterial immune protection
Authors: Wang Huimeng , Souter Michael N. T. , de Lima Moreira Marcela , Li Shihan , Zhou Yuchen , Nelson Adam G. , Yu Jinhan , Meehan Lucy J. , Meehan Bronwyn S. , Eckle Sidonia B. G. , Lee Hyun Jae , Schröder Jan , Haque Ashraful , Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Fairlie David P. , McCluskey James , Wang Zhongfang , Chen Zhenjun , Corbett Alexandra J.
Published: December 2024

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are known for their rapid effector functions and antibacterial immune protection. Here, we define the plasticity of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)–producing MAIT1 and interleukin-17A (IL-17A)–producing MAIT17 cell subsets in vivo. Whereas T-bet
+
MAIT1 cells remained stable in all experimental settings, after adoptive transfer or acute
Legionella
or
Francisella
infection, RORγt
+
MAIT17 cells could undergo phenotypic and functional conversion into both RORγt
+
T-bet
+
MAIT1/17 and RORγt
−
T-bet
+
MAIT1 cells. This plasticity ensured that MAIT17 cells played a dominant role in generating antibacterial MAIT1 responses in mucosal tissues. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed that MAIT17-derived MAIT1 cells were distinct from canonical MAIT1 cells yet could migrate out of mucosal tissues to contribute to the global MAIT1 pool in subsequent systemic infections. Human IL-17A–secreting MAIT cells also showed similar functional plasticity. Our findings have broad implications for understanding the role of MAIT cells in combatting infections and their potential utility in MAIT cell–targeted vaccines.
Supplemental Material: Paleogeographic position of the central Dodecanese Islands, southeastern Greece: The push-pull of Pelagonia
Authors: Grasemann B. , et al.
Published: December 2024

Table S1: 40Ar/39Ar isotopic data for white mica, Kalymnos and Telendos islands, Dodecanese, Greece; Table S2: 40Ar/39Ar isotopic data for white mica, Kalymnos and Telendos islands, Dodecanese, Greece.
Supplemental Material: Quantifying the growth of continental crust through crustal thickness and zircon Hf-O isotopic signatures: A case study from the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Wang Yujian , al. et
Published: December 2024

Data sources, lithology and geochemical characteristics, and calculation parameterization of the net volume of juvenile continental crust.
Supplemental Material: Latest Silurian syntectonic sedimentation and magmatism and Early Devonian orogenic gold mineralization, central Newfoundland Appalachians, Canada: Setting, structure, lithogeochemistry, and high-precision U-Pbgeochronology
Authors: Honsberger I.W. , al. et
Published: December 2024

Supplemental Material 1: Zircon and Rutile Populations: Figure S1. Reflected light microphotographs of zircon (A–F) and rutile (G) crystal populations from rocks analyzed for U-Pb geochronology. (A) BNB18-IHNL-008. (B) BNB19-IHNL-317. (C) BNB18-IHNL-197. (D) BNB18-IHNL-080b. (E) BNB19-IHNL-295. (F) BNB18-WL-029. (G) BNB18-IHNL-180. Supplemental Material 2: Analytical Chemistry Methods. Supplemental Material 3: Lithogeochemical Data: Table S1: Lithogeochemical data obtained at ALS Geochemistry Laboratories for igneous rocks in central Newfoundland; Table S2: Lithogeochemical data obtained at the Geological Survey of Newfoundland and Labrador for igneous rocks in central Newfoundland.
Supplemental Material: Late Mesozoic intracontinental deformation and magmatism in the Chinese Tianshan and adjacent areas, Central Asia
Authors: Wang Fujun , Zhu Wenbin , al. et
Published: December 2024

Supplementary text: Analytical methods. Table S1: Location and crystallization ages of Paleozoic granitoid intrusions. Table S2: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of detrital samples. Table S3: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of gravel and tuff samples.
Supplemental Material: Provenance and metamorphic records of forearc sediments from the Heilongjiang Complex, NE China: Implications for subduction erosion associated with the Mudanjiang Ocean
Authors: Jing Jiahao , Yang Hao , al. et
Published: December 2024

Supplemental Text: Analytical methods. Supplemental Figure S1: Representative cathodoluminescence images of detrital zircons from the meta-sedimentary rocks of the Luobei Heilongjiang Complex. Supplemental Figure S2 (a), (c), (e), (g): Th/U versus U-Pb age diagram for detrital zircons from meta-sedimentary rocks of the Luobei Heilongjiang Complex. (b), (d), (f), (h): Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the detrital zircons from meta-sedimentary rocks of the Luobei Heilongjiang Complex. Supplemental Figure S3: eHf(t) versus U-Pb age diagram for the meta-sedimentary rocks of the Luobei Heilongjiang Complex. Shadow data are cited from Wang et al. (2016) and Long et al. (2019, 2020). Supplemental Figure S4: Color figure of Figure 1. Supplemental Figure S5: Color figure of Figure 3. Supplemental Table S1: Fabric and mineral contents of the meta-sedimentary rocks from the Luobei Heilongjiang Complex. Supplemental Table S2: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data of the meta-sedimentary rocks from the Luobei Heilongjiang Complex. Supplemental Table S3: Zircon Hf isotopic compositions of the meta-sedimentary rocks from the Luobei Heilongjiang Complex. Supplemental Table S4: Representative electron microprobe analyses of minerals in sample 18LB24. Supplemental Table S5: Calculations of P-T conditions for the muscovite-quartz schist from the Luobei area. Supplemental Table S6: The summarized LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data of the meta-sedimentary rocks from the whole Heilongjiang Complex. Supplemental Table S7.1: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data of the meta-sedimentary rocks from the Eastern Songnen Block; S7.2: The reported ages of the igneous rocks in the Eastern Songnen Block; S7.3: The reported ages of the igneous rocks in the Jiamusi Block. Supplemental Table S8: The data drawn in Figure 9. Supplemental Table S9: Zircon U-Pb and phengite 40Ar/39Ar metamorphic ages of the felsic schists from the Heilongjiang Complex.
Supplemental Material: Locating Lhasa terrane in the Rodinia and Gondwana supercontinents: A key piece of the reconstruction puzzle
Authors: Zhang Xiu-Zheng , al. et
Published: December 2024

Figure S1: Chondrite normalized REE patterns of zircon cores and metamorphic overgrowths from Precambrian metamorphic basic rocks (Q1401 and Q1402). Figure S2: Zr vs. selected element variation diagrams highlighting the effects of metamorphic alteration. Figure S3: Summary of chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns and primitive mantle normalized multi-element plots of Late Neoproterozoic rocks from Lhasa terrane(previous studies). Figure S4: P–T path for Precambrian metamorphic basic rocks (Q1401 and Q1402) from the Yongzhu area, North Lhasa. Table S1: Representative analyses of minerals of basic rocks(Q1401 and Q1402). Table S2: LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb isotopic data. Table S3: SIMS Zircon U-Pb isotopic data. Table S4: In-situ LA-ICP-MS trace element (ppm) results for the zircon. Table S5: Zircon O-Hf isotopic data. Table S6: Whole-rock geochemical data. Table S7: Whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic data.
Supplemental Material: High-resolution record of multiple organic carbon-isotope excursions in lacustrine deposits of Upper Sinemurian through Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) from the Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Franceschi Marco , al. et
Published: December 2024

Figure S1: Stratigraphic log with the positions of the samples collected for isotope and palynological analyses at the Dacao “A,” Dacao “B,” and Liangshuijing sections. Table S1: Results of δ13Corg analyses of Dacao “A,” Dacao “B,” and Liangshuijing sections. Data are expressed in per mil (‰). The stratigraphic height reported (in meters) refers to Figure S1 and therefore to the composite section constructed correlating the two localities.
Supplemental Material: Featured Neoarchean granitoid association in the central North China Craton: An indicator of warm plate subduction
Authors: Sun Guozheng , Liu Shuwen , al. et
Published: December 2024

Data of zircon U–Pb–Lu–Hf isotope, whole-rock Sm–Nd isotope and whole-rock chemical data of granitoid rocks.
Supplemental Material: Spatially averaged stratigraphic data to inform watershed sediment routing: An example from the Mid-Atlantic United States
Authors: Pizzuto J.E. , al. et
Published: December 2024

Sediment dating methods and equations for computing sediment travel-time distributions.
Supplemental Material: The 180-km-long Meers-Willow Fault System in the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen: A potential U.S. mid-continent seismic hazard
Authors: Chase Brandon F. , al. et
Published: December 2024

Additional data processing, notes on the aeromagnetic dataset, notes on the additional datasets, Figures S1–S4, and Tables S1 and S2.
Association of Peripheral Markers of Oxidative Stress with Clinical Parameters and Inflammatory Factors in Alcoholic Patients
Authors: Prokopieva Valentina D. , Vetlugina Tamara P. , Epimakhova Elena V. , Boiko Anastasiya S. , Bokhan Nikolay A.
Published: December 2024

One of the fundamental problems in studying addiction is elucidation of mechanisms of alcohol dependence (AD) development. Disturbances of cellular redox balance and inflammation play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Deciphering associations between biological and clinical indicators can elucidate molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. The aim of the work was to study peripheral markers of oxidative stress in patients with AD during early abstinence period and to identify their relationship with clinical parameters of the disease and inflammatory factors. In total, 84 patients with AD were studied (average age, 44.3 ± 8.2 years). The analyzed clinical parameters included patient’s age, age of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) formation, disease duration, and AWS duration. The markers of oxidative stress determined in the blood plasma were oxidation products of proteins (protein carbonyls, PCs), lipids (thiobarbituric acid-reactive products, TBA-RPs), and DNA (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, 8-OH-dG). The content of inflammatory mediators, such as proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, TNFα) was determined in the blood serum. Blood samples of 80 conditionally healthy men (average age, 40.9 ± 9.6 years) were used as a control. Patients with AD demonstrated an increase in the content of PCs, TBA-RPs, and all analyzed cytokines (but not 8-OH-dG) compared to the control individuals. There was a direct correlation between the TBA-RP content and disease duration and inverse correlation of the PC content with the age of AWS formation and AWS duration. The content of PCs demonstrated an inverse correlation with the IL-6 concentration in the blood plasma. We also observed a positive correlation between 8-OH-dG and IL-6, TBA-RPs and IL-8, and TBA-RPs and TNFα. Therefore, the early abstinence period in patients with AD was characterized by a pronounced oxidative stress and inflammation. The obtained results expand the knowledge on the integrative contribution of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors to the AD pathogenesis and can be used in the development of new therapies.
Rare finding of bilateral Urrets-Zavalia syndrome post Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty in congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy in a child
Authors: Misra Sikha , Arora Anchal
Published: December 2024

A female patient in her middle childhood who was initially referred to us with congenital glaucoma was later diagnosed with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy. Due to progressive corneal thickening and haze, Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) was performed consecutively in both her eyes. Postoperative follow-ups included evaluations of corneal thickness, intraocular pressure and disc assessment. On post DSEK, the corneal thickness reduced on subsequent follow-ups and the intraocular pressure was normal. The corneal clarity improved significantly, however, examination revealed a fixed, dilated pupil with posterior synechiae, suggestive of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome. Urrets-Zavalia syndrome should be suspected in cases with a fixed, dilated pupil post-keratoplasty.
Effect of therapeutic exercises on the progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a protocol of a systematic review
Authors: Andrade Rodrigo Mantelatto , Callegari Ferreira Milene Eloise , Piras Larissa , Kiyomoto Maria De Lourdes Partika , Carvas Junior Nelson , Kiyomoto Henry Dan , Ribeiro Ana Paula , Maria Amado João Silvia
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects an estimated 200 million adolescents globally and curvatures exceeding 30° at skeletal maturity are associated with increased health risks in adulthood. The International Society for the Orthopedic and Rehabilitative Treatment of Scoliosis recommends specific therapeutic exercises to prevent the progression of AIS. However, studies have questioned the effects of specific and general therapeutic exercises on the progression of AIS. This systematic review will evaluate the effectiveness of general and specific therapeutic exercises in preventing Cobb angle progression compared with other conservative interventions.

Methods and analysis

We will search MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, CENTRAL, PEDro and CINAHL from inception to 14 December 2023. Randomised clinical trials involving individuals aged 10 to 18 years with a Cobb angle above 10° will be considered. The effectiveness of therapeutic exercises will be compared with minimal intervention, other exercises and brace use, alone or in combination with exercise. The primary outcome is the Cobb angle measurement, with subgroup analyses assessing severity based on SOSORT classifications. The risk of bias will be assessed using the PEDro scale and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation will be used to assess certainty of evidence. The Review Manager 5.4 software will be used for meta-analysis. The protocol follows the Cochrane Handbook for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines.

Ethics and dissemination

This is a literature-based study and ethical approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020156639.
Acupuncture for atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Shuang , Huang Kai-Yu , Zhang Lian , Li Mei , Gu Hai-Hong , Chen Ning-Gang
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease that impacts patients’ quality of life and imposes substantial economic burdens on their families. Acupuncture holds promise as a viable treatment option for atopic dermatitis. This review aimed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on atopic dermatitis.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang and VIP databases were searched through 17 September 2023, together with an updated search on 15 October 2024.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) about acupuncture for atopic dermatitis. The primary outcome was the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) score. The secondary outcomes were the eczema area and severity index (EASI) score, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pruritus, the dermatology life quality index (DLQI) score, serum IgE level and adverse events (AEs).

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers conducted separate searches of the databases, assessed eligible articles for inclusion and employed the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias. The analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 13.0 software. The mean difference (MD) with 95% CI was employed to analyse continuous outcomes.

Results

Eight studies with 463 participants were included. The meta-analysis indicated significant differences in the SCORAD score (MD=−10.61, 95% CI −17.77 to −3.45, p=0.004), the VAS score for pruritus (MD=−14.71, 95% CI −18.20 to −11.22, p<0.00001) and the DLQI score (MD=−2.37, 95% CI −3.57 to −1.18, p<0.0001), but no significant differences in the EASI score (MD=−3.95, 95% CI −8.35 to 0.45, p=0.08) and the IgE level (MD=−160.22 U/mL, 95% CI −334.13 to 13.68, p=0.07) between treatment and control. The differences in the SCORAD score and the VAS score for pruritus reached minimal clinically important differences. No serious AEs were reported.

Conclusions

Acupuncture might be an effective and safe treatment for atopic dermatitis. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, it is recommended to conduct multicentre, large-scale and high-quality RCTs to further confirm the findings.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023470643.
Computational modeling of basal ganglia hemorrhage morphology improves functional outcome prognostication after minimally invasive surgical evacuation
Authors: Kashkoush Ahmed , Achey Rebecca L , Davison Mark , Rasmussen Peter A , Kshettry Varun R , Moore Nina , Gomes Joao , Bain Mark
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Anatomic factors that predict outcomes following basal ganglia intracranial hemorrhage (bgICH) evacuation are poorly understood. Given the compact neuroanatomic organization of the basal ganglia, we hypothesized that bgICH spatial representation could predict postoperative functional outcomes.

Methods

Patients undergoing minimally invasive surgical bgICH evacuation between 2013 and 2024 at one center were retrospectively reviewed. bgICH volumes were segmented and stereotactically localized using anatomic landmarks. Heat maps that identified bgICH spatial representation across functional outcome states were generated. Differential bgICH volume overlap with each heat map was calculated after subtracting out that patient’s contribution to the map. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of differential volume overlap for poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 4–6 within 1 year of surgery) and compared with that of the intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) score with a z test.

Results

Forty-five patients were included (62% men, 7% Caucasian, median age 53 years). Thirty-two patients (71%) had poor functional outcome (median follow-up 4.1 months), which was associated with increased age (P=0.032), bgICH volume (P=0.005), intraventricular hemorrhage severity (P=0.032), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (P=0.006), and differential volume overlap (P<0.001). Anatomically, poor outcome was associated with bgICH extension into the anterior limb of the internal capsule (P=0.004), caudate (P=0.042), and temporal lobe (P=0.006). The AUC for differential volume overlap was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76–0.97), which was higher than chance alone (P<0.001), but statistically similar to that (0.82 (0.71–0.97)) of the ICH score (P=0.545).

Conclusion

Stereotactic bgICH localization enabled functional outcome prognostication in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgical evacuation.
Analysis of Back Pain Risk Factors Among Medical Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Jabłońska Renata , Stodolna Karolina , Sokal Paweł , Królikowska Agnieszka , Filipska-Blejder Karolina , Haor Beata , Ślusarz Robert
Published: December 2024

Background: Back pain has become one of the most prevalent health issues worldwide, contributing significantly to disability‐adjusted life years. Notably, a concerning rise in back pain has been observed among young individuals, including students.

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the frequency and risk factors of back pain among medical students.

Methods: A total of 213 medical faculty students participated in this cross‐sectional study, completing an online questionnaire covering sociodemographic details, lifestyle factors, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and body mass index (BMI). Statistical analyses were performed using PQStat and Statistica 13.

Results: Spinal pain was reported by 73% of students, 5 out of 10 of them described it as chronic pain of moderate intensity (usually VAS = 5). The subjects had activity described in metabolic equivalent tasks (MET) at M = 3008.52 + SD 1877.47 (min = 1050; max = 8331; Me = 2010′ Q1 = 1684.28′ Q3 = 3531.43). More women than men experienced back pain (p = 0.0024). Most often, these pains occurred in the group of physiotherapy students, least often among medical students (p < 0.01). This relationship also concerned those students who worked in shifts and those who were parents (p < 0.01). According to BMI, 47% of the respondents had normal weight, but 41% were overweight. 32% of students had problems with sleeping, all of them had back pain (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: A high incidence of back pain among students of medical faculty was found, as well as several risk factors—age, gender, field of study, additional work, motherhood/fatherhood, sleep problems. Medical schools should develop and implement appropriate strategies to mitigate modifiable risk factors for back pain among students.