bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TIC 278825952: a triply eclipsing hierarchical triple system with the most intrinsically circular outer orbit
Authors: Mitnyan T , Borkovits T , Rappaport S A , Pál A , Maxted P F L
Published: September 2020

We report the discovery of a compact triply eclipsing triple star system in the southern continuous viewing zone of the TESS space telescope. TIC 278825952 is a previously known, but unstudied circular eclipsing binary with a period of 4.781 d with a tertiary component in a wider, circular orbit of 235.55-d period that was found from three sets of third-body eclipses and from light travel-time effect dominated eclipse timing variations. We performed a joint photodynamical analysis of the eclipse timing variation curves, photometric data, and the spectral energy distribution, coupled with the use of PARSEC stellar isochrones. We find that the inner binary consists of slightly evolved, near twin stars of masses of 1.12 and 1.09 M⊙ and radii of 1.40 and 1.31 R⊙. The third, less massive star has a mass of 0.75 M⊙ and radius of 0.70 R⊙. The low mutual inclination and eccentricities of the orbits show that the system is highly coplanar and surprisingly circular.
Experimental glioma with high bHLH expression harbor increased replicative stress and are sensitive toward ATR inhibition
Authors: Koch Marilin Sophia , Czemmel Stefan , Lennartz Felix , Beyeler Sarah , Rajaraman Srinath , Przystal Justyna Magdalena , Govindarajan Parameswari , Canjuga Denis , Neumann Manfred , Rizzu Patrizia , Zwirner Stefan , Hoetker Michael Stefan , Zender Lars , Walter Bianca , Tatagiba Marcos , Raineteau Olivier , Heutink Peter , Nahnsen Sven , Tabatabai Ghazaleh
Published: September 2020

Background

The overexpression of (basic)helix-loop-helix ((b)HLH) transcription factors (TFs) is frequent in malignant glioma. We investigated molecular effects upon disruption of the (b)HLH network by a dominant-negative variant of the E47 protein (dnE47). Our goal was to identify novel molecular subgroup-specific therapeutic strategies.

Methods

Glioma cell lines LN229, LNZ308, and GS-2/GS-9 were lentivirally transduced. Functional characterization included immunocytochemistry, immunoblots, cytotoxic, and clonogenic survival assays in vitro, and latency until neurological symptoms in vivo. Results of cap analysis gene expression and RNA-sequencing were further validated by immunoblot, flow cytometry, and functional assays in vitro.

Results

The induction of dnE47-RFP led to cytoplasmic sequestration of (b)HLH TFs and antiglioma activity in vitro and in vivo. Downstream molecular events, ie, alterations in transcription start site usage and in the transcriptome revealed enrichment of cancer-relevant pathways, particularly of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. Pharmacologic validation of this result using ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) inhibition led to a significantly enhanced early and late apoptotic effect compared with temozolomide alone.

Conclusions

Gliomas overexpressing (b)HLH TFs are sensitive toward inhibition of the ATR kinase. The combination of ATR inhibition plus temozolomide or radiation therapy in this molecular subgroup are warranted.
Spatial shifts in size structure, phylogenetic diversity, community composition and abundance of small eukaryotic plankton in a coastal upwelling area of the northern South China Sea
Authors: Gong Fahui , Li Guihao , Wang Yaping , Liu Qinyu , Huang Fangjuan , Yin Kedong , Gong Jun
Published: September 2020

Summer upwelling off Hainan Island (northern South China Sea) is influenced by fresher coastal water masses. To assess the ecological effects of this complicated oceanography, a cruise was conducted in August 2016. We investigated the spatial patterns of phytoplankton size structure, diversity and quantity of small eukaryotes (0.2–20 μm) across the upwelling system. In the inner-shelf waters, nanophytoplankton contributed a higher proportion to phytoplankton biomass than microphytoplankton and picophytoplankton. High-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA genes and community analysis indicated that the horizontal variation in community structure of small eukaryotes was larger than the vertical. The relative sequence proportions of dinoflagellates, diatoms, ciliates and Micromonas in the surface layer gradually decreased from the inner shelf to the slope, whereas the Rhizaria, Bathycoccus and Ostreococcus exhibited an opposite trend. The spatial patterns of taxon-specific rDNA copy numbers were similar to the patterns based on the relative proportions. Redundancy analysis revealed that turbidity, salinity and ${\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}$ were the most important environmental variables in structuring the community of small eukaryotes. The cell abundance of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes was significantly correlated with the rDNA abundance of Mamiellophyceae and the cell abundance of nanoeukaryotes was significantly correlated with the rDNA abundance of dinoflagellates plus diatoms.
Earnings Expectations during the COVID-19 Crisis*
Authors: Landier Augustin , Thesmar David
Published: September 2020

We analyze the dynamics of earnings forecasts and discount rates implicit in valuations during the COVID-19 crisis. Forecasts over 2020 earnings have been progressively reduced by 16%. Longer-run forecasts have reacted much less. We estimate an implicit discount rate going from 8.5% in mid-February to 11% at the end of March and reverting to its initial level in mid-May. Over the period, the unlevered asset risk premium increases by 50bp, the leverage effect also increases by 50bp, while the risk free rate decreases by 100bp. Hence, analysts’ forecast revisions explain all of the decrease in equity values between January 2020 and mid-May 2020.

Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Hysteresis in Price Efficiency and the Economics of Slow-Moving Capital
Authors: Dow James , Han Jungsuk , Sangiorgi Francesco
Published: September 2020

Will arbitrage capital flow into markets experiencing shocks, mitigating adverse effects on price efficiency? Not necessarily. In a dynamic model with privately informed capital-constrained arbitrageurs, price efficiency plays a dual role, determining both the profitability of new arbitrage and the ability to close existing positions profitably. An adverse shock to efficiency lengthens arbitrage duration, effectively reducing the amount of arbitrage capital available for new positions. If this falls below a critical mass, arbitrage capital flows out, amplifying the impact on price efficiency. This creates endogenous regimes: temporary shocks can trigger “hysteresis,” a persistent shift in price efficiency.
Moral Religiosities: How Morality Structures Religious Understandings during the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Rotolo Michael
Published: September 2020

Religiosity remains an important sociological concept, from assessing religion’s effects on various outcomes to describing large-scale religious change. And yet conceptualizing religiosity—as a measure of intensity of religious practice—requires accounting for how respondents understand religious practice. Drawing on four waves of longitudinal interview data from the National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR), this paper examines the religious understandings of young Americans as they develop over 10 years. I find that respondents’ religious understandings are shaped by deeper moral orientations that broadly structure their lives. From these moral orientations, I theorize four ideal types of religious practitioners that help explain complex patterns of religiosity in America—the Congregant, the Believer, the Spiritualist, and the Metaphysician. Recognizing the moral orders that structure young Americans’ religious understandings opens new pathways for theorizing religion’s influence and change over time.
Cow efficiency: modeling the biological and economic output of a Michigan beef herd
Authors: Thompson Logan R , Beck Matthew R , Buskirk Daniel D , Rowntree Jason E , McKendree Melissa G S
Published: September 2020

In recent decades, beef cattle producers have selected cattle for biological traits (i.e., improved growth) to maximize revenue, leading to an increase in average cow body size. However, matching cow size to the production environment would allow producers to maximize productivity and economic returns per unit of land. This may help meet the goals of sustainable intensification, but environmental complexity and varying cow-calf production systems dictates a regional approach. The objective of this experiment was to examine the biological efficiency and economic returns of a Northern Michigan cow-calf system. We hypothesized that biological efficiency and economic returns would decrease with increasing cow body size. Data were collected from a Red Angus cow herd located at the Lake City AgBio Research Center in Lake City, MI from 2011 to 2018 on cow age, weight, and body condition score at weaning, and subsequent 205 d adjusted calf weaning weight (WW), sex, and yearling weight. Biological efficiency was defined as WW as a percentage of cow body weight (DBW). Enterprise budgeting techniques were used to calculate expected net returns from 2011 to 2018 after classifying cows into 11 BW tiers at 22.67 kg intervals beginning at 430.83 kg. Forward-looking net present value (NPV) was calculated using the same tier system, for a 10-yr production cycle with the baseline being a 200 d grazing season. Weaning weight increased with increasing DBW (P < 0.01), but the percentage of cow body weight weaned was reduced by −38.58 × Ln(DBW) (P < 0.01). This led to cows weaning 26.38 kg/ha more with every 100 kg drop in DBW. Expected net returns from 2011 to 2018 did not differ by DBW tier on a per cow basis but did on a per ha basis with a decrease in $10.27/ha with each increase in DBW tier (P < 0.01). Net present value was maximized in the baseline scenario at 453.51 kg DBW and decreased in value as DBW increased. These results suggest that for a Northern Midwestern cow-calf herd, comparatively lighter cows provide a higher economic value on a land basis.
Effects of cutting time and maceration on preference and nitrogen balance in beef steers fed mixed birdsfoot trefoil–timothy grass hay cut at sunrise or sundown
Authors: Silva Luiz H P , Brito André F , Lafrenière Carole , Berthiaume Robert
Published: September 2020

Forages cut at sundown usually contain a greater concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) than those cut at sunrise. Maceration can speed up the rate of moisture loss of cut forage during field drying and reduce NSC utilization by plant cells. We aimed to evaluate the effects of cutting time and forage maceration on feed preference, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, and N balance in growing steers. A mixed sward of birdsfoot trefoil and timothy grass was divided into two halves, with the first half cut at sundown (1800 h) after a sunny day and the second half at sunrise (0600 h) the next day. Approximately 50% of the sundown- and sunrise-cut herbage were macerated. Forages were harvested as hay resulting in four treatments: 1) sunrise-cut hay (AM); 2) AM plus maceration (AM-M); 3) sundown-cut hay (PM); and 4) PM plus maceration (PM-M). Hays were offered as the sole feed source to four crossbred steers (296.1 ± 7.25 kg) according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each period lasted 21 d with 14 d for diet adaptation and 7 d for collection. Hays cut at sundown had 15% greater NSC than those cut at sunrise. A cutting time by maceration interaction was found (P < 0.05) for intake and apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), indicating that these two variables decreased more when maceration was applied to sundown- versus sunrise-cut hays. Similarly, interaction effects were observed (P < 0.05) for total digestible nutrients and digestible energy, showing that maceration decreased the energetic value of sundown-cut hays but did not change that of sunrise-cut hays. Steers fed hays cut at sundown had decreased urinary N excretion and improved retained N (P < 0.05), whereas N retention was reduced by maceration (P < 0.05). In addition, six crossbred steers were used to assess feed preference, 2 wk before (period 1) and 1 wk after (period 2) the digestibility trial. Animals were randomly assigned to receive a sequence of the four hays combined in pairs. The intake rate was greater for sundown- than sunrise-cut hays, and it was decreased by maceration. Steers showed the greatest preference for PM hay, while AM-M was the most rejected. In conclusion, shifting forage cutting from sunrise to sundown increased hay NSC concentration, which resulted in improved N utilization and preference. Forage maceration during field drying decreased CP concentration and N retention in beef steers under the conditions of our study.
Extrusion of soybean hulls does not increase digestibility of amino acids or concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy when fed to growing pigs
Authors: Rodriguez Diego A , Lee Su A , de Godoy María R C , Stein Hans H
Published: September 2020

Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of extrusion on energy and nutrient digestibility in soybean hulls. One source of soybean hulls was ground and divided into two batches. One batch was used without further processing, whereas the other batch was extruded. In Exp. 1, four diets were formulated to determine crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) digestibility in soybean hulls. A soybean meal-based diet in which soybean meal provided all the CP and AA was formulated. Two diets were formulated to contain 30% nonextruded or extruded soybean hulls and 18% soybean meal. An N-free diet that was used to determine the endogenous losses of CP and AA was also used. Eight growing barrows (initial body weight = 37.0 ± 3.9 kg) had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 7 d with the initial 5 d being the adaptation period and ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on day 6 and 7. Results indicated that extrusion of soybean hulls did not change the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and most AA with the exception that the SID of Ile and Leu tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in extruded than nonextruded soybean hulls. In Exp. 2, three diets were formulated to determine energy digestibility in soybean hulls. One corn-soybean meal based basal diet, and two diets that contained corn, soybean meal, and 32% extruded or nonextruded soybean hulls were formulated. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial body weight = 59.9 ± 3.4 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism crates and feces and urine were collected separately for 4 d after 5 d of adaptation. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were reduced (P < 0.05) in diets containing nonextruded or extruded soybean hulls compared with the basal diet. However, the ATTD of GE and values for DE and ME in soybean hulls were not improved by extrusion. Likewise, extrusion did not change the concentration of total dietary fiber in soybean hulls. In conclusion, there were no effects of extrusion of soybean hulls on SID of AA, energy digestibility, or ME concentration in soybean hulls.
Effects of chlorpyrifos on primary gill cell culture of Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichiGüldenstaadt 1814)
Authors: Oğuz Ahmet Regaib , Kaval Oğuz Elif , Özok Necati
Published: September 2020

Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi Guldenstadt 1814) is the only fish that can adapt to the extreme conditions (pH 9.8 salinity 0.2% and alkalinity 151.2 meq/L) of Lake Van. In this study, it was aimed to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on Lake Van fish primary gill cell culture. Gill epithelium from Lake Van fish was isolated enzymatically and grown in primary culture on Leibovitz’s L-15 medium. After different doses (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) of CPF were applied to the gill cells, the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and DNA damage levels (8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHdG)) were examined at the end of 24 and 48 h. It was determined that the TOS, MDA, and 8-OHdG levels increased in the cells exposed to high doses (1 and 10 μM) of CPF and the TAS was decreased (P < 0.05). It was revealed from this study that CPF administered at a dose higher than 1 μM can cause oxidative stress and DNA damage in the primary gill cell culture of Lake Van fish. In addition, the findings showed that Lake Van fish primary gill cell culture was useful in determining the effects of toxic substances likely to be the contaminants of a lake.
Deltamethrin Exposure Inhibits Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Causes Deficits in Learning and Memory in Mice
Authors: Hossain Muhammad M , Belkadi Abdelmadjid , Al-Haddad Sara , Richardson Jason R
Published: September 2020

Deficits in learning and memory are often associated with disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis, which is regulated by numerous processes, including precursor cell proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation to mature neurons. Recent studies demonstrate that adult born neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus can functionally integrate into the existing neuronal circuitry and contribute to hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Here, we demonstrate that relatively short-term deltamethrin exposure (3 mg/kg every 3 days for 1 month) inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis and causes deficits in learning and memory in mice. Hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions were evaluated using 2 independent hippocampal-dependent behavioral tests, the novel object recognition task and Morris water maze. We found that deltamethrin-treated mice exhibited profound deficits in novel object recognition and learning and memory in water maze. Deltamethrin exposure significantly decreased bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells (39%) and Ki67+ cells (47%) in the DG of the hippocampus, indicating decreased cellular proliferation. In addition, deltamethrin-treated mice exhibited a 44% decrease in nestin-expressing neural progenitor cells and a 38% reduction in the expression of doublecortin (DCX), an early neuronal differentiation marker. Furthermore, deltamethrin-exposed mice exhibited a 25% reduction in total number of granule cells in the DG. These findings indicate that relatively short-term exposure to deltamethrin causes significant deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis that is associated with impaired learning and memory.
Positive Effect of Single-Dose Measles Vaccination in Reducing the Incidence of Pneumonia in Children with Measles
Authors: Bağcı Zafer , Daki Yunis Yusuf
Published: September 2020

Aim

Measles is a worldwide common, highly infectious and vaccine-preventable contagious disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. We investigated the effects of administering single-dose measles vaccination in children with measles on the incidence of pneumonia and hospitalization.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively analysed the hospital records of children aged 0–18 years who were diagnosed with measles within a year before the study in a training and research hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. We compared the measles vaccine ratios, hospitalization rates, hospitalization duration and pneumonia development rates.

Results

We found that 34 (15.6%) patients had received measles vaccination, while 184 (84.4%) did not receive the vaccination. All the vaccinated patients received only a single dose of the vaccine. The proportion of those who had received pneumonia vaccine (14/34, 41.2%) was significantly lower than that of those who had never received a dose of measles containing vaccine (179/184, 97.3%) (p = 0.001). Moreover, patients who were immunized [n = 3 (3.1%)] had a significantly lower hospitalization rate than those who were not immunized [n = 94 (96.9%)] (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The risk of pneumonia in children with measles vaccination, rate of hospitalization and length of hospital stay was significantly lower in children who had received even a single dose of the vaccine when compared with that in those who had not vaccinated. The results of this study reiterate the need for more effective global measles vaccination.
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zuo Yuling , Jing Zhao , Bie Mingjiang , Xu Chunyan , Hao Xinyu , Wang Baoning
Published: September 2020

Background:

The existing evidence on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of colorectal cancer is inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review with a meta-analysis to explore this relationship and to determine whether the relationship varies according to the study characteristics.

Methods:

We searched the PubMed, OVID, EMBASE database, and the reference lists of pertinent articles published up to October 2019 by 2 researchers independently. Summary odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects model.

Results:

Forty seven studies including 17,416 cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) and 55,811 cases of control were included. Overall, H. pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of CRC (OR = 1.70 95% CI 1.64–1.76, I
2 = 97%), although there was significant heterogeneity among the studies. Subgroup analysis revealed that the positive correlation might vary by the design of study conducted.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis demonstrates a positive association between H. pylori infection and the risk of colorectal cancer.
Improved grip myotonia in a patient with myotonic dystrophy type 1 following electroacupuncture therapy
Authors: Yoon Sang-Hoon , Baek Jang-Hyun , Leem Jungtae
Published: September 2020

Rationale:

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal-dominant disorder associated with a short life expectancy and various symptoms, including grip myotonia. Even though grip myotonia decreases quality of life, activities of daily living (ADLs), and work performance, very few interventions provide symptomatic relief.

Patient concerns:

In this case report, we present a patient with DM1 and gradually worsening grip myotonia. A 35-year-old woman developed grip myotonia at age 27. She had no underlying diseases or family history of relevant conditions, including DM1. She was unresponsive to medication for several years.

Diagnosis:

Her symptoms gradually worsened, and she was finally diagnosed with DM1 via genetic, neurologic, and laboratory testing in a tertiary hospital at age 32. She tried several medication therapies; however, she stopped medication at age 34 due a perceived poor response and several adverse events.

Intervention:

At the age of 35, she underwent 29 sessions (10 minutes per session) of electroacupuncture therapy on TE9 acupuncture point with 120 Hz electrical stimulation over 3 months.

Outcomes:

After 3 months, relaxation time after maximal voluntary isometric contraction decreased from 59 to 2 seconds with treatment. Her Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire score improved (total score, 66.6–75.9; ADL sub-score, 59.7–73.6; function sub-score, 70–90; satisfaction sub-score, 75–91.7). Her Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile 2 score also improved from 4.33 to 2. There were no serious adverse events.

Lessons:

Electroacupuncture is a potential treatment modality and produced an immediate antimyotonic effect, and cumulative long-term treatment effect, in a patient with DM1 and grip myotonia. Other notable treatment outcomes included improving relaxation time, hand function, ADLs, and overall satisfaction. Electroacupuncture is a potential treatment modality for patients with DM1 and grip myotonia. Further prospective clinical studies are warranted to confirm this hypothesis.
Prognostic value of long non-coding RNAs in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Ma Feixia , Xie Xiaohong , Shen Yong
Published: September 2020

Background

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and lethal subtype of breast cancer. Accumulating evidence showed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abnormally expressed in TNBC and could be valuable prognostic tools for TNBC patients. This study aims to research the prognostic value of lncRNAs in TNBC, using the meta-analysis method.

Methods

We performed a detailed literature search on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies on the prognostic value of lncRNAs in TNBC. The meta-analysis method was used to determine the relationship between lncRNAs expression and survival of TNBC patients.

Results

A total of 2803 TNBC patients and 24 lncRNAs from 27 different articles were included in the present study. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that overexpression of lncRNAs in a group that is upregulated in TBNC showed a significant association with poor overall survival (HR = 1.86, 95%CI = 1.45–2.27, I2 = 41.9%) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.37–2.33, I2 = 0%). Conversely, overexpression of lncRNAs in a downregulation group was markedly related to good overall survival (HR = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.43–0.77, I2 = 28.6%). Moreover, expression of lncRNA SNHG12, MALAT1, HOTAIR, HIF1A-AS2, HULC, LINC00096, ZEB2-AS1, LUCAT1, and LINC000173 showed a marked correlation with positive lymph node metastasis (LNM), while lncRNA MIR503HG, GAS5, TCONS_l2_00002973 showed the opposite effect. High expression level of MALAT1, HIF1A-AS2, HULC, LINC00096, ADPGK-AS1, ZEB2-AS1, LUCAT1 were positively correlated with distant metastasis (DM), while lncRNA MIR503HG showed the opposite effect. In addition, the mechanisms of lncRNAs in TNBC were summarized.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis demonstrated that abnormally expressed lncRNA were significantly associated with the survival of TNBC patients and may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TNBC prognosis.
Differences in antibiotic usage patterns for acute pyelonephritis according to hospital type and region in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Myung Rangmi , Han Jun Hee , Kim Bongyoung
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to determine the differences in antibiotic usage patterns in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis according to hospital type and region in Korea.

The claims database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in Korea was used to select patients with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code N10 (acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis) or N12 (tubulo-interstitial nephritis, neither acute nor chronic) as the primary discharge diagnosis in 2010-2014. Usage of each class of antibiotics was expressed as the defined daily dose (DDD)/event.

The average antibiotic usage per inpatient event was 11.3 DDD. The average antibiotic usage was the highest among patients admitted to tertiary hospitals (13.8 DDD), followed by those admitted to secondary hospitals (11.5 DDD), clinics (10.0 DDD), and primary hospitals (9.8 DDD). According to the geographic analyses, third-generation cephalosporins were highly prescribed in some southern regions; fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides were highly prescribed in some centrally located regions of the Korean peninsula. The hotspots for carbapenem usage included Seoul and Gyeonggi province cluster and Busan cluster: these regions include the capital city and the second biggest city in Korea, respectively.

In conclusion, the antibiotic usage patterns for acute pyelonephritis in Korea differ according to the hospital type and region.
Neonatal-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) in the ETFDH gene
Authors: Ding Meijuan , Liu Ruihua , Qiubo Li , Zhang Yanke , Kong Qingxia
Published: September 2020

Rationale:

Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a rare inborn error of metabolism affecting fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism. The clinical manifestation of MADD is heterogeneous, from severe neonatal forms to mild late-onset forms.

Patient concerns:

Here, we report a patient who presented with severe hypoglycemia and exercise intolerance suggestive of MADD. Serum tandem mass spectrometry analysis indicated elevated levels of various acyl carnitines at 25 days of age. Exome sequencing of the proband revealed compound heterozygous mutations, c. 413T>G (p.Leu138Arg) and c.1667C > G (p.Pro556Arg), in the ETFDH gene as the probable causative mutations.

Diagnoses:

Based on the patient's clinical presentation and test results, the patient was diagnosed with MADD.

Interventions:

A high-calorie and reduced-fat diet was given together with oral supplements of L-carnitine (150 mg/day).

Outcomes:

He passed away at the age of 4 months because of severe respiratory distress accompanied by muscle weakness.

Lessons:

He passed away at the age of 4 months because of severe respiratory distress accompanied by muscle weakness. Clinicians should consider MADD in the differential diagnosis when patients present with muscle weakness and biochemical abnormalities. Gene testing plays a critical role in confirming the diagnosis of MADD and may not only prevent the need for invasive testing but also allow for timely initiation of treatment.
Femoral nerve block versus obturator nerve block for pain management after total knee replacement
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lin Peng , Zhang Fuheng , Wang Ji
Published: September 2020

Background:

Several studies reported short-term analgesic efficacy of obturator nerve block (ONB), as in comparison with the femoral nerve block (FNB) in the treatment of postoperative pain after the total knee replacement (TKR). The optimal method remains under debate. The purpose of our current work is to compare the safety and efficacy of FNB and ONB for postoperative analgesia after TKR.

Methods:

This prospective, randomized, and controlled study was performed from January 2018 to December 2019. It was authorized via the Institutional Review Committee in NO.971 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Navy (2019-PLAN-132).

Two hundred patients were divided randomly into 2 groups, the control group (n = 100) and study group (n = 100). The experimental group received FNB and control groups received ONB. Primary outcome included pain at different time point (Visual Analogue Scale score of anterior knee pain at rest and in motion). The Visual Analogue Scale scores were marked by patients themselves on a paper with a graduated line starting at 0 (no pain) and ending at 10 (the most painful). Opioid consumption was converted to equivalents of oral morphine uniformly for statistical analysis. Secondary outcomes included the knee range of motion, the hospital stay length as well as the postoperative complications such as pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis.

Results:

Table 1 will show the clinical outcomes between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

This trial would provide an evidence for the use of different types of peripheral nerve blocks in TKR.
Efficacy and safety of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 combined with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu Yan , Fu Xiaoxu , Xie Chunguang
Published: September 2020

Background:

Diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease. COVID-19 is a large-scale infectious disease that broke out in 2019, and 212 countries have now been infected with this infectious disease. Some studies have shown that COVID-19 combined with diabetes is an independent risk factor for death or other adverse outcomes. There is currently no specific and effective drug treatment. More and more people have realized that the low-cost CQ and its derivative HCQ have antiviral and anti-inflammatory capabilities and may play a huge role in the fight against COVID-19. At the same time, HCQ can be used as an oral hypoglycemic agent and has the effect of lowering blood glucose. However, there is no evidence-based medicine to confirm the effectiveness and safety of CQ and HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Therefore, we will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the existing clinical evidences.

Methods and analysis:

Chinese literature comes from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM databases. English literature mainly searches Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE. We will retrieve each database from December 2019 to August 2020. At the same time, we will look for clinical trial registration and gray literature. This study only included clinical randomized controlled trials. The reviewers independently conduct literature selection, data analysis, quality analysis, and evaluation. The primary outcomes include Sputum virus nucleic acid negative time, lung imaging improvement time, mortality rate, mechanical ventilation rate, ICU hospitalization time, hospitalization time, clinical improvement, symptoms Improvement, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, adverse reactions, etc. Finally, we will conducted a meta-analysis through Review Manager Software version 5.3.

Results:

The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at a relevant conference.

Conclusion:

This study will explore the effectiveness and safety of CQ and HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. It will provide evidence-based medical evidence for CQ and HCQ in the treatment of diabetes with COVID-19.

Registration number:

INPLASY202070109.
Efficacy and safety of ERCP in patients with gastroesophageal varices
Authors: Hong Junbo , Zuo Wei , Wang Anjiang , Zhu Liang , Zhou Xiaodong , Zhou Xiaojiang , Li Guohua , Liu Zhijian , Liu Pi , Zhen Hao , Zhu Yong , Ma Jiuhong , Yuan Jianhui , Shu Xu , Zhu Yin , Lu Nonghua , Chen Youxiang
Published: September 2020

Addressing pancreaticobiliary disorders concomitant with gastroesophageal varices remains challenging. The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients with gastroesophageal varices.

We retrospectively analyzed the data of consecutive patients with gastroesophageal varices who underwent ERCP.

Two hundred seventy ERCP procedures were performed on 208 patients. The overall technical success rate was 98.5%, and no difference was found between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients (98.7% vs 97.7%, P = .511); of these, endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage, endoscopic metal biliary endoprosthesis placement, endoscopic retrograde pancreatic drainage, and stone extraction were conducted in 173/270 (64.1%), 27/270 (10.0%), 26/270 (9.6%), and 116/270 (43.0%) cases, respectively. Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage and stone extraction were more frequently performed in cirrhotic cases (67.7% versus 45.5%, P = .005; 46.5% versus 25.0%, P = .009, respectively), while the noncirrhotic group had significantly higher rates of endoscopic metal biliary endoprosthesis placement (31.8% versus 5.8%, P = .000) and endoscopic retrograde pancreatic drainage (18.2% versus 8.0%, P = .036) than the cirrhotic group. The overall rate of adverse events was 21.1%, including fever (6.7%), post-ERCP pancreatitis ( 3.0%), hyperamylasemia (6.3%), duodenal papilla bleeding (3.3%), cardiac mucosal laceration (1.1%), and perforation (0.4%). No differences in any of the adverse events were found between the 2 groups. Additionally, gastroesophageal variceal bleeding occurred in 1 patient with grade III varices 7 days after ERCP.

ERCP may be effective and safe for patients with gastroesophageal varices, irrespective of the etiologies caused by liver cirrhosis.
Adding systematic biopsy to magnetic resonance ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy of the prostate in men with previous negative biopsy or enrolled in active surveillance programs
Authors: Porreca Angelo , Del Giudice Francesco , Giampaoli Marco , D’Agostino Daniele , Romagnoli Daniele , Corsi Paolo , Del Rosso Alessandro , Maggi Martina , Chung Benjamin I. , Ferro Matteo , de Cobelli Ottavio , Lucarelli Giuseppe , Schiavina Riccardo , De Berardinis Ettore , Sciarra Alessandro , Busetto Gian Maria
Published: September 2020

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) targeted biopsy (TBx) of the prostate demonstrated to improve detection rate (DR) of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in biopsy-naive patients achieving strong level of evidence. Nevertheless, the csPCa yield for TBx alone versus TBx plus systematic biopsy (SBx) after accounting for overlapping of SBx cores with TBx cores, in prior-negative or active surveillance (AS) patients has not been well established.

The objective of the study was to investigate benefits in terms of detection rate and pathological stratification of prostate cancer (PCa) using contextual SBx during MRI-TBx.

Patients previously submitted to negative-SBx (cohort A) and those enrolled in an AS program (cohort B) who showed at least 1 suspicious area with a PIRADSv2 score ≥ 3 were prospectively and randomly assigned to only TBx strategy versus TBx plus SBx strategy. SBx locations could not encompass the TBx sites, so that the results of each type of biopsy were independent and did not overlap.

A total of 312 patients were included in the 2 cohorts (cohort A: 213 cases; cohort B: 99 cases). No significant differences were found in terms of overall PCa-DR (77.6% vs 69.6% respectively; P = .36) and csPCa-DR (48.2% vs 60.9 respectively; P = .12). The MRI-TBx alone cohort showed higher csPCa/PCa ratio (87.5% vs 62.2%; P = .03). The MRI-TBx plus SBx group subanalysis showed significantly higher csPCa-DR obtained at the MRI-TBx cores when compared with the SBx cores (43.7% vs 24.1%, respectively; P = .01). Independently to age, prostatic-specific antigen and prostate imaging-reporting and data system score, either in rebiopsy (OR 0.43, 0.21–0.97) or AS (OR 0.46, 0.32–0.89) setting, SBx cores were negatively associated with the csPCa-DR when combined to TBx cores.

MRI-TBx should be considered the elective method to perform prostate biopsy in patients with previous negative SBx and those considered for an AS program. Adding SBx samples to MRI-TBx did not improve detection rate of csPCa.
Tranexamic acid reduces blood cost in long-segment spinal fusion surgery: Retraction
Authors: Yang Linyu , Jia Xufeng , Yang Jian , Kang Jianping
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Long-segment spinal fusion surgery was associated with substantial perioperative blood loss which may increase hospitalization expenses and mortality rates. Substantial studies have reported that tranexamic acid (TXA) could reduce blood products and cost after joint arthroplasty surgery. However, there still exists controversy regarding the efficacy of TXA in long-segment spinal fusion surgery. We performed this protocol to design a randomized controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of TXA in decreasing transfusion rate of allogeneic blood products and transfusion cost in degenerative lumbar scoliosis patients.

Methods:

This study was carried out as a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial on patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis who prepared for long-segment spinal fusion surgery from December 2018 to December 2019. It was authorized via the Institutional Review Committee in Southwest Medical University (ky2019225). Eighty patients were divided randomly into 2 groups (Experimental group = 40, control group = 40). The patients in the experimental group received 1000 mg of TXA mixed in 100 mL normal saline as a single dose intravenously over 20 minutes before the skin incision was made. Control group received equivalent normal saline without TXA. Primary outcomes included total blood loss, estimated intraoperative blood loss, hematocrit and hemoglobin decline, postoperative drain amount, intra-/postoperative allogeneic transfusion amount and rate, and total transfusion cost. Secondary outcomes included surgical time, thrombotic complications including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. All the needed analyses were implemented through utilizing SPSS for Windows Version 20.0.

Results:

Table showed the relevant clinical outcomes between experimental group and control group.

Conclusion:

We hypothesized that TXA was effective and safe in reducing blood transfusion and cost in long-segment spinal fusion surgery.

Trial registration:

This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry5854).
Etoposide and immunotherapy can improve the outcome of severe anti-GABAB R encephalitis presenting with delta brush
Authors: Xiping Wu , Guomin Xie , Haifeng Wang , Qi Sun , Liping Zhuang
Published: September 2020

Rationale:

Anti-gamma-aminobutyric-acid B receptor (anti-GABAB R) encephalitis is clinically characterized by seizures, cognitive disorders, and behavioral changes. Most patients are diagnosed with small-cell lung carcinoma.

Patient concerns:

The patient suffered from a repeated grand mal seizure lasting for 10 minutes, intermittent speech vagueness, manic at night, and mental disorder.

Diagnosis:

The patient was diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis. The gamma-aminobutyric-acid B(GABAB) receptor antibody test result was positive. After a bronchoscopic biopsy, the patient was diagnosed with small-cell lung carcinoma.

Interventions:

The patient was administered with intravenous immunoglobulin and Methylprednisolone. Etoposide was used after the small-cell lung carcinoma was diagnosed.

Outcomes:

After immunotherapy, following the 4 months of Etoposide and antiseizure treatment, the neurology examination revealed a remarkable improvement. MRS score reduced from 5 to 1. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recovered to normal from an extreme delta brush (EDB) electroencephalographic-pattern.

Conclusion:

Immunotherapy and Etoposide can improve the outcome of severe anti-γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis with small-cell lung carcinoma. After immunotherapy and antineoplastic therapy, Electroencephalogram (EEG) can be recovered to normal from an extreme delta brush.
Construction of a 6-gene prognostic signature to assess prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yang Jiayue , Shi Wei , Zhu Shengwei , Yang Cheng
Published: September 2020

Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is one of the most fatal cancers in the world. Although great efforts have made to explore the mechanisms of PaCa oncogenesis, the prognosis of PaCa patients is still unsatisfactory. Thus, it is imperative to further understand the potential carcinogenesis of PaCa and reliable prognostic models.

The gene expression profile and clinical information of GSE21501 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to explore the potent genes associated with the overall survival (OS) events of PaCa patients. Cox regression model was applied to selecting prognostic genes and establish prognostic model. The prognostic values of six-gene signature were validated in TCGA-PAAD cohort.

According to the WGCNA analysis, a total of 19 modules were identified and 115 hub genes in the mostly associated module were reserved for next analysis. According to the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, we established a six-gene signature (FTSJ3, STAT1, STX2, CDX2, RASSF4, MACF1) which could effectively evaluate the overall survival (OS) of PaCa patients. In validated patients’ cohorts, the six-gene signature exhibited excellent prognostic value in TCGA-PAAD cohort as well.

We developed a six-gene signature to exactly predict OS of PaCa patients and provide a novel personalized strategy for evaluating prognosis. The findings may be contributed to medical customization and therapeutic decision in clinical practice.
The effect of Baduanjin on intestinal flora in patients with prediabetes mellitus
Authors: Lv Xiangui , Yang Maoyi , Wang Fang , Wang Yao , He Xuedong , Yi Jing , Wang Liping , Liao Shunqi
Published: September 2020

Background:

The incidence rate of prediabetes is increasing year by year. Prediabetes is a continuous ever fount of diabetes. Diabetes is closely related to intestinal flora imbalance and insulin resistance (IR). Previous studies have proved that Baduanjin can effectively improve the blood glucose and blood lipid of patients, but there is no relevant research on intestinal flora and IR. Therefore, this study focuses on the influence of Baduanjin on intestinal flora of patients with prediabetes, so as to improve the effect of IR, and finally delay or prevent the occurrence of to diabetes mellitus 2 type (T2DM).

Methods:

This study will recruit 80 patients who meet the diagnostic criteria of prediabetes from Hospital of Chengdu University of traditional Chinese Medicine. Eighty patients will be randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 40 cases in each group. The control group received routine lifestyle intervention, and the experimental group received Baduanjin at least 3 to 5 times a week for a total of 6 months. The researchers monitored the intestinal flora, insulin resistance index, blood glucose, blood lipid, body mass index, and other indicators after 3 months of intervention and 6 months of intervention

Discussion:

Based on previous studies, intestinal flora is closely related to the occurrence and development of T2DM-IR. Baduanjin can significantly improve the blood glucose and blood lipid of patients with prediabetes, and has a positive effect on the intestinal flora of the elderly and significantly improve the intestinal microecological balance. This study used randomized controlled trial to explore the control method between Baduanjin and conventional lifestyle, in order to further establish the application of Baduanjin in patients with prediabetes.

Trial registration:

This trial protocol has been approved by the research hospital and registered in China clinical trial registration center on July 6, 2020 (ChiCTR2000034490).
Effect of respiratory rehabilitation training on elderly patients with COVID-19
Authors: Yan Huan , Ouyang Yonghong , Wang Lang , Luo Xiangjun , Zhan Qian
Published: September 2020

Background:

Patients with the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) often see their respiratory, physical, and psychological functions impaired to varying degrees, especially for the elderly patients. Timely respiratory rehabilitation intervention for such patients may improve their prognoses. However, its relative effectiveness has not been proved. Therefore, this study is purposed to determine the effect of respiratory rehabilitation on elderly patients with COVID-19.

Methods:

This study will search the following electronic databases: Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, China national knowledge infrastructure database, Wan Fang database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, with the retrieval period running from their inception to August 2020. All randomized controlled trials of respiratory rehabilitation training on elderly patients with COVID-19 are collected, and the data are selected and extracted independently according to the pre-designed inclusion/exclusion criteria. Cochrane bias risk assessment tool is used to evaluate the method quality and bias risk. All data analyses will be implemented by using Revman5.3 and Stata14 software.

Results:

This study will make a high-quality and comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of respiratory rehabilitation training on elderly patients with COVID-19.

Conclusion:

The conclusions of this systematic review will deliver more convincing evidence.

Ethics and dissemination:

The private information collected from individuals will not be published. And this systematic review will also not involve impairing the participants’ rights. Ethical approval is not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences.