bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CO2 Dissolution Trapping in Depleted Gas Reservoirs with Residual-Gas Mixtures and Bottom Water
Authors: Shen Xudong , Liu Huiqing , Lyu Xiaocong , He Chang , You Lei , Zhang Wentong
Published: June 2023

The depleted gas reservoir with bottom water exhibits great potential for long-term CO2 sequestration. Due to the reservoir heterogeneity and technical limitations, a considerable amount of natural gas resides in the reservoir. The residual gas affects the mass transfer within and between phases, further impacting the behavior of CO2 dissolution and convection in the porous media. Quantitatively characterizing the mass transport behavior of CO2-residual gas mixtures is of great significance for CO2 storage capacity evaluations.

In this work, a series of numerical simulations were performed to investigate the effect of residual-gas mixtures on CO2 dissolution trapping. We first adopted the modified cubic equations of state and fugacity-activity model to calculate the phase behavior of CO2 with different compositions. Then, the Sherwood number of the 2D synthetic model with a capillary transition zone (CTZ) was calculated to explore the mass transfer for different gas mixtures. Besides, we compared CO2 dissolution rate at each stage and characterized the onset and decay time of convection as a function of gas composition to quantify the effect of residual-gas mixtures.

The results indicate that the variation trend of the Sherwood number resulting from the synthetic model with CTZ is similar to that from the single-phase model. The presence of CTZ enhances gravity-induced convection and accelerates CO2 dissolution, whereas the residual-gas mixtures have a negative effect on mass transfer. The increasing residual gas reduces the partial pressure and solubility of CO2. As a result, the concentration and density difference between saturated water and fresh water are mitigated, leading to the suppression of the driving force for CO2 diffusion and convection. Accordingly, the rate of CO2 dissolution, dominated by gravity-induced fingering, is significantly decreased, resulting in a delay in the onset and decay time of convection and a significant decrease in the maximum Sherwood number. Considering the negative influence of residual gas on the solubility trapping of CO2, it is necessary to produce natural gas with CO2 injection in the depleted gas reservoir as possible along with carbon sequestration.

This work explores the relationship between the Sherwood number and dissolution time under more realistic reservoir conditions. In addition, the influence of the capillary transition zone and residual gas concentration on the dissolution trapping is well analyzed. It can provide a reference for practical carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects.
Massive Geomodel Compression and Rapid Geomodel Generation Using Advanced Autoencoders and Autoregressive Neural Networks
Authors: Misra Siddharth , Chen Jungang , Falola Yusuf , Churilova Polina , Huang Chung-Kan , Delgado Jose
Published: June 2023

The reduction of computational cost when using large geomodels requires low-dimensional representations (transformation or reparameterization) of large geomodels, which need to be computed using fast and robust dimensionality reduction methods. Additionally, to reduce the uncertainty associated with geomodel-based predictions, the probability distribution/density of the subsurface reservoir needs to be accurately estimated as an explicit, intractable quantity for purposes of rapidly generating all possible variability and heterogeneity of the subsurface reservoir. In this paper, we developed and deployed advanced autoencoder-based deep-neural-network architectures for extracting the extremely low-dimensional representations of field geomodels. To that end, the compression and reconstruction efficiencies of vector-quantized variational autoencoders (VQ-VAE) were tested, compared and benchmarked on the task of multi-attribute geomodel compression. Following that, a deep-learning generative model inspired by pixel recurrent network, referred as PixelSNAIL Autoregression, learns not only to estimate the probability density distribution of the low-dimensional representations of large geomodels, but also to make up new latent space samples from the learned prior distributions. To better preserve and reproduce fluvial channels of geomodels, perceptual loss is introduced into the VQ-VAE model as the loss function.

The best performing VQ-VAE achieved an excellent reconstruction from the low-dimensional representations, which exhibited structural similarity index measure (SSIM) of 0.87 at a compression ratio of 155. A hierarchical VQ-VAE model achieved extremely high compression ratio of 667 with SSIM of 0.92, which was further extended to a compression ratio of 1250 with SSIM of 0.85. Finally, using the PixelSNAIL based autoregressive recurrent neural network, we were able to rapidly generate thousands of large-scale geomodel realizations to quantify geological uncertainties to help further decision making. Meanwhile, unconditional generation demonstrated very high data augmentation capability to produce new coherent and realistic geomodels with given training dataset.
Modeling of Oil-In-Water Dispersion Injection for Enhancing Displacement Front Uniformity in Water-Flooded Heterogeneous Reservoirs
Authors: Carlson Oscar , Fjelde Ingebret
Published: June 2023

Due to the maturity of water-flooded oil reservoirs, as a consequence of heterogeneity, fluids move preferentially through the most permeable layers, leaving large volumes of mobile oil unswept. Injection of oil-in-water (O/W) dispersions can regulate the permeability contrast between these layers. Droplet size distribution and porous media heterogeneity are the principal features that characterize displacement front uniformity. The intent of this work is therefore to provide a fundamental insight into a number of factors that may influence the dispersion flow in porous media. The workflow in this study is comprised of three stages. First, O/W dispersions with low oil concentrations were prepared and characterized. Second, a series of O/W dispersion injection experiments were conducted. The objective of this stage was to evaluate the distribution of retained oil droplets, pressure drop, and permeability reduction in different sandstone core-plugs. Finally, a mathematical model based on the experimental setup was developed to describe the dynamics of O/W dispersion flow. The finite element method (FEM) was employed to numerically solve the governing equations. The experimental results revealed that the number and size of retained oil droplets decay with the core depth and, correspondingly, in the effluent. Verification of the numerical model was performed by comparing the pressure drop and permeability reduction to the results of analytical solutions. The model showed good validation with the experimental data. The numerical results closely matched those of the analytical solutions. The current work presents a potentially efficient method of modeling to describe the dispersion flow in porous media. However, for field applications, further improvement to the model complexity is required.
Effect of Liquid-Liquid Subsea Separation on Production Forecast Considering Integration of a Deepwater Reservoir and Surface Facility Models
Authors: Bigdeli Alireza , von Hohendorff Filho João Carlos , Schiozer Denis José
Published: June 2023

In this work, we present a case study of the integration of surface facility models and a deepwater reservoir, as well as an engineering evaluation of the implications of liquid-liquid subsea separation (LLSS) on the integration process. For this, a heavy oil sandstone reservoir and several surface facility layouts were computationally integrated using a commercial simulator.

A gathering unit, subsea separator, and water disposal unit were added to the surface facility model layouts to support the LLSS system. The term "merge scenario" was used to refer to the quantity of production streams that were gathered and delivered to the subsea separator. To allow the production from the reservoir model, the minimum bottom-hole pressure (BHP) for the producing wells were defined for all the simulations. Our investigation includes fluids produced at platforms, produced water at disposal unit, the pressure drop in the riser in terms of hydrostatic and friction terms, and economic analyses of these investigations.

This case study shows that, depending on the merging situation, the reservoir needs 2 to 5 times more injection water than the separated water. Despite efforts to reduce the pressure restriction in the surface facility by increasing the riser diameter, the oil recovery did not change significantly when the number of merging wells was adjusted. This happened because the wellhead was not affected by the production system's pressure disturbance and the surface facility models’ boundary conditions remained unchanged. The economic calculations also indicated that the value of the technology (the highest acceptable price for the technology) for eleven merge scenario was 130 MMUSD and the OPEX and CAPEX can be lowered by 95 and 35 MMUSD (3% and 5% on average), respectively. This economic benefit was due to the lower cost of platform water handling from the produced water separation. In later stages of simulations, when the water cut surpasses 90%, hydrostatic pressure loss overtakes friction pressure loss as the primary contributor to overall pressure losses in the riser for 11 merge scenarios. These tests demonstrated that adding LLSS increases the complexity of the integration process and engineers can apply the engineering ideas of this study to other field designs in development.

This work is the first case study of its kind that examines the relationship between the impact of LLS and the integration of a deep-water reservoir and surface facility model. This article's production forecast problem description can be utilized as a starting point to develop a general methodology for simulating complicated offshore production systems using LLSS operations.
Compare the carbon footprint of traditional packaging and reusable modular packaging in e-commerce: A case study of express in China
Authors: Xu Mengyuan , Yang Mengke , Zhou Xiaoguang , Chen Chengdong , Tian Baoshun , Li Yating
Published: June 2023

The express delivery industry has promoted the development of the national economy, the number of Chinese e-commerce packaging has accounted for more than half of the world's total in 2022. However, the low transportation efficiency caused by the extra space between express packaging and goods, resulting in multiple transportation and fuel consumption. Therefore, we propose a new mode of reusable packaging box. Based on the measurement model of Carbon emissions, we measured and compared the carbon emissions of packaging materials before and after optimization based on the express delivery logistics system for road transportation, and estimated the impact of the extra space rate between single-use boxes and goods and the extra space rate between reusable packaging boxes and goods, to demonstrate the environmental advantages of reusable packaging boxes. In order to verify the validity of the model, we conducted an empirical study on China's full-year data for 2022 and the results shows that the use of modular and reusable packaging boxes can greatly reduce carbon emissions and improve logistics transport efficiency. In particular, adopting the new packaging boxes can significantly promote energy conservation and reduce carbon emissions.
Dynamic response of carbon storage to ecological restoration measures in Liupanshui City, Mountain, Water, Forest, Field, Lake and Grassland
Authors: Ning Jiajing , Wang Hu , Yang Qiong , He Tengbing , Fu Tianling
Published: June 2023

To verify the impact of ecological restoration of mountains, forests, fields, lakes and grasses on carbon stocks, the implementation of ecological restoration of mountains, forests, fields, lakes and grasses in the karst region of southwestern China, the ecologically fragile area of Liupanshui City, western Guizhou Province, was analyzed by means of RS and GIS, corresponding to the carbon stocks in the region. The results showed that the carbon stocks in the study area in 2015, 2018 and 2020 were 424.05 × 106 t, 426.46 × 106 t and 436.91 × 106 t, respectively, and the carbon stocks in the area where ecological restoration actually occurred in 2015, 2018 and 2020 were 28.85 × 106 t, 29.31 × 106 t and 30.63 ×106 t, all showing an increasing trend, with a cumulative increase of 12.86 ×106 t in the study area and 1.78 ×106 t in the actual occurrence area of ecological restoration, and analyzed the effects of different implementation measures on carbon stock changes, among which, afforestation (non-shrub) had the best effect on regional carbon stock increase, afforestation (shrub) was not obvious, while soil improvement works for crop health had There is no significant effect on carbon stock. It can be concluded that the carbon stock of Liupanshui city responded positively to the ecological restoration measures of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass.
Development and validation of cost-effective SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR and its evaluation in a sample pooling strategy for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Indonesian setting
Authors: Rahmasari Ratika , Raekiansyah Muhareva , Aliyah Siti , Yodi Priska , Baihaqy Fathan , Irhamsyah Muhamad , Sari Kartika , Suryadi Herman , Moi Meng , Sauriasari Rani
Published: June 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and it was first recorded in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The gold standard method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 is TaqMan probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Since this technique is expensive due to reliance on the use of fluorogenic probes, a cost-effective diagnostic test as an alternative approach for RT-qPCR diagnosis is necessary, especially in low- and middle-income countries with limited resources. In this study, we developed and validated an inexpensive SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR method to detect SARS-CoV-2. Primers targeting a conserved and vital region of the N genes of SARS-CoV-2 were designed and selected for further analysis. In-silico study was performed to analyse the compatibility of the selected primer pair with 500 Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences available from the GISAID database, including Delta and Omicron variants. We determined the linearity of our new assay using serial dilution of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from clinical samples with known virus concentration. The assay was then evaluated using clinically relevant samples in comparison to a commercial TaqMan-based in vitro diagnostic test kit. Finally, we applied the assay in sample pooling strategies for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Our results showed that the SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR methods were sensitive and reliable as an alternative cost-effective assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection. In addition, it could be used in sample pooling strategies for mass screening testing or epidemiological surveillance purposes in the COVID-19 post-pandemic era.
Prevalence of pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms in a US population seeking medical care, 2003- 2014
Authors: Kan Kathleen M. , Agrawal Gunjan , Brosula Raphael , Venkatapuram Pranaya , Chen Abby L. , Zhang Chiyuan A.
Published: June 2023

Background:
We conducted this study to estimate the prevalence of pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms (pLUTS) in a US privately-insured pediatric population who are 18 years of age or older by age, sex, race/ethnicity from 2003–2014. This has not been previously described in the literature.
Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed Optum’s de-identifed Clinformatics® Data Mart Database database between 2003–2014. A pLUTS patient was defined by the presence of ≥ 1 pLUTS-related ICD-9 diagnosis code between the age of 6–20 years. Neurogenic bladder, renal transplant and structural urologic disease diagnoses were excluded. Prevalence by year was calculated as a proportion of pLUTS patients among the total population at risk. Variables reviewed included age, sex, race, geographic region, household factors and clinical comorbidities including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), constipation, and sleep apnea. Point of service (POS) was calculated as a proportion of pLUTS-related claims associated with a POS compared to the total claims at all POS in the time period.
Results:
We identified 282,427 unique patients with ≥ 1 claim for pLUTS between the ages of 6–20 years from 2003–2014. Average prevalence during this period was 0.92%, increasing from 0.63% in 2003 to 1.13% in 2014. Mean age was 12.15 years. More patients were female (59.80%), white (65.97%), between 6–10 years old (52.18%) and resided in the Southern US (44.97%). Within a single household, 81.71% reported ≤ 2 children, and 65.53% reported ≥ 3 adults. 16.88% had a diagnosis of ADHD, 19.49% had a diagnosis of constipation and 3.04% had a diagnosis of sleep apnea. 75% of pLUTS-related claims were recorded in an outpatient setting.
Conclusions:
Families consistently seek medical care in the outpatient setting for pLUTS. The demographic and clinical characteristics of our cohort reflect prior literature. Future studies can help define temporal relationships between household factors and onset of disease as well as characterize pLUTS-related healthcare resource utilization. Additional work is required in publicly-insured populations.
Relationship between vaginal microecology and human papillomavirus infection as well as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in 2,147 women from Wenzhou, the southeast of China
Authors: Zang Lejing , Hu Yan , Feng Renqian , Huang Yitong , Huang Jiahe , Zhou Panpan
Published: June 2023

Objective: The female reproductive tract is a significant microecological region, and its micro-environment can directly affect women’s cervical health. This research aimed to study the association between vaginal microecology and human papillomavirus infection (HPV) infection as well as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).
Methods：A retrospective cohort study enrolled 2,147 women who underwent colposcopy between August 2021 and August 2022. The relationship between vaginal microecology and HPV infection as well as cervical lesions were assessed using the chi-square test, univariate, multivariate logistic regression analysis and Cochran-Armitage trend test.
Result：HPV infection was linked to imbalance of vaginal microecology [odds ratio (OR) 3.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66–5.43; p < 0.001], among which clue cell (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.99–2.54; p = 0.054) and sialidase (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.01–2.35; P < 0.046) were considered as significant risk factors. Further analysis showed that the occurrence of vaginal microecological disorder was more likely to be detected in HPV 16/18 subtype (OR 9.86, 95% CI 2.37–41.80; P = 0.002). Although there existed no significant correlation between the overall disorder rate of vaginal microecology and the degree of cervical lesions (P > 0.05), the abnormal proportion of PH value (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.63–10.42; P = 0.001) and vaginal cleanliness (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.36–4.0; p = 0.004) increased as the histological diagnoses progressed.
Conclusion：Vaginal microecology played a vital role in HPV infection and the progression of cervical lesions. Detection of vaginal secretion may contribute to discovering micro-environmental modulation therapeutic targets with probiotics, reducing the incidence of cervical cancer.
Video assisted thorascopic assisted correction of left partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection: one case report
Authors: zhou kai , zhao lei , Yuanzhi Luo , Geng Hong , Ji Qiang , Zuo Kun , He Gengxu
Published: June 2023

Introduction The left partial anomalous pulmonary vein connection is a rare congenital heart disease, especially with intact atrial septum. Now we reported a case of the left superior pulmonary vein drainage to left innominate vein through a vertical vein, and corrected with video assisted thoracoscopy.Case presentation A-59-years old man diagnosed left anomalous partial pulmonary vein connection with presentation of short breathiness and palpation, and diagnosed with computer tomography pulmonary angiography. The operation was carried out under video assisted thoracoscopy with one manipulation incision and one observational incision, the vertical vein was dissected and anastomosis with left atrial appendage. The patients recovered smoothly and postoperative CTPA showed anastomosis ostium was unobstructed.Conclusion The left lateral thoracotomy and video assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a feasible for correction of left PAPVC with intact interatrial septum without using CPB.
Violations of choice transitivity depend on “within-attribute” vs. “within-alternative” processes
Authors: Pessach Gilad , Tsetsos Konstantinos , Usher Marius
Published: June 2023

Choice transitivity (CT) is a central axiom of rationality. While violating CT is rare, there have been reports of such violations (Tversky, 1969; Tsetsos et al., 2016; but see Regenwetter, 2011). If humans indeed violate CT, an important challenge is understanding the conditions that promote intransitive choices and the mechanisms that support it. Here, we report the presence of CT violations (CTV) using a strict data analysis method (Regenwetter, 2011) and an experimental design where each choice is presented on a single visual display, avoiding averaging artifacts (Davis-Stober et al., 2016). In three experiments (one of which is a pre-registered replication), we provide evidence for CTV in human (student) participants. In addition, we find a dependence of the CTV-rate on the mode of information processing. A higher CTV-rate occurs when the choice stimuli are presented grouped by attributes compared to when the same stimuli are grouped by alternatives.
Tracking the Web Tracking: Methods, Countermeasures, and Future Directions
Authors: Sim Kyungmin , Heo Honyeong , Cho Haehyun
Published: June 2023

A hidden shadow world that tracks Internet users' behaviors lies behind everyday websites. Web tracking analyzes online behaviors based on collected data and provides content that may interest the user. Web tracking collects vast amounts of data for various purposes, from sensitive personal information to trivial information such as settings and preferred information types, including the user's IP address, device, and search history. Although web tracking is largely a legitimate technology, there is a steady increase in illegal user tracking, data leakage, and illegal sale of data. Therefore, the need for techniques capable of detecting and preventing web trackers is becoming more important. This paper introduces a general description of web tracking technology, related research, and a website measurement tool that can identify web-based tracking. It also introduces techniques for preventing web tracking and discusses future research directions.
Identification of a novel and plant height-independent QTL for coleoptile length in barley and validation of its effect using near isogenic lines
Authors: Gao Shang , Su Zhouyang , Ma Jun , Ma Jian , Liu Chunji , Li Huihui , Zheng Zhi
Published: June 2023

Coleoptile length (CL) is one of the most important agronomic traits in cereal crops due to its direct influence on the optimal depth for seed sowing which facilitates better seedling establishment. Varieties with longer coleoptiles are preferred in drought-prone areas where less moisture maintains at the top layer of the soil. Compared to wheat, genetic study on coleoptile length is limited in barley. Here, we reported a study on detecting the genomic regions associated with CL in barley by assessing a population consisting of 201 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Four putative QTL conferring CL were consistently identified on chromosomes 1H, 5H, 6H, and 7H in each of the trials conducted. Of these QTL, the two located on chromosomes 5H and 6H (designated as Qcl.caf-5H and Qcl.caf-6H) are likely novel and Qcl.caf-5Hshowed the most significant effect explaining up to 30.9% of phenotypic variance with a LOD value of 15.1. To further validate the effect of this putative QTL, five pairs of near isogenic lines (NILs) were then developed and assessed. Analysis of the NILs showed an average difference of 21.0% in CL between the two isolines. Notably, none of the other assessed morphological characteristics showed consistent differences between the two isolines for each pair of the NILs. Candidate genes underlying the Qcl.caf-5H locus were also predicted by employing orthologous analysis and comparing the genome assemblies for both parental genotypes of the mapping population in the present study. Taken together, these findings expand our understanding on genetic basis of CL and will be indicative for further gene cloning and functional analysis underly this locus in barley.
Longitudinal host transcriptional responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults with extremely high viral load
Authors: Avadhanula Vasanthi , Creighton Chad , Ferlic-Stark Laura , Sucgang Richard , Zhang Yiqun , Nagaraj Divya , Nicholson Erin , Rajan Anubama , Menon Vipin , Doddapaneni Harshavardhan , Muzny Donna , Metcalf Ginger , Cregeen Sara Javornik , Hoffman Kristi , Gibbs Richard , Petrosino Joseph , Piedra Pedro
Published: June 2023

Current understanding of viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and host responses driving the pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19 is rapidly evolving. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study to investigate gene expression patterns during acute SARS-CoV-2 illness. Cases included SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with extremely high viral loads early in their illness, individuals having low SARS-CoV-2 viral loads early in their infection, and individuals testing negative for SARS-CoV-2. We could identify widespread transcriptional host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection that were initially most strongly manifested in patients with extremely high initial viral loads, then attenuating within the patient over time as viral loads decreased. Genes correlated with SARS-CoV-2 viral load over time were similarly differentially expressed across independent datasets of SARS-CoV-2 infected lung and upper airway cells, from both in vitro systems and patient samples. We also generated expression data on the human nose organoid model during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The human nose organoid-generated host transcriptional response captured many aspects of responses observed in the above patient samples, while suggesting the existence of distinct host responses to SARS-CoV-2 depending on the cellular context, involving both epithelial and cellular immune responses. Our findings provide a catalog of SARS-CoV-2 host response genes changing over time.
Prioritization of Key Economic Sectors for the Promotion of New Territorial Articulation Initiatives. Case Province of Tungurahua
Authors: Tapia Carlos Ernesto Flores , González María del Carmen Pérez , Ávila Francisco Javier Maza , Cevallos Karla Lissette Flores
Published: June 2023

This article identifies and prioritizes the economic sectors of the province of Tungurahua with the greatest potential to increase regional productivity and competitiveness. This prioritization contributes, on the one hand, to decision-making to obtain an optimal allocation of public and private investments, and on the other hand, to the creation of new forms of production in the territory to support innovation and the consolidation of competitive advantages. All this, from the perspective of an integral, territorial and sustainable development. The prioritization of these key sectors is achieved using three techniques: the Rasmussen Method, the analysis of perception surveys applied to stakeholders and productive sectors of the province of Tungurahua and the Shift-Share Method.
Understanding the key determinants of an HPV therapeutic vaccine: a modeling analysis
Authors: Stuart Robyn , Klein Daniel , Kerr Cliff , Rao Darcy , Shin Haina , Achilles Sharon , Cohen Jamie
Published: June 2023

Despite incredibly effective tools to prevent HPV infection and treat precancerous lesions, the scale-up of existing interventions in most low and middle-income countries has been slow, leaving a residual burden of invasive cervical cancer that will persist for decades. An HPV therapeutic vaccine may overcome some of the scalability and infrastructure challenges of traditional screening and treatment programs, though its potential public health value depends upon its characteristics, delivery strategy, and the underlying natural history on which it would act. This analysis uses HPVsim, an open-access agent-based simulation framework, to evaluate the impact of a potential HPV therapeutic vaccine with varying scale-up of existing preventive interventions. To illustrate the sensitivity of results to natural history assumptions, we calibrate two models reflecting uncertainty in the natural history of HPV infection and cervical disease. We find that an HPV therapeutic vaccine may avert 7% to 30% of cervical cancers over 30 years and 25% to 60% of cervical cancers over 70 years. The size of the impact is sensitive to rates of background intervention scale-up, the characteristics of the vaccine, including ability to establish long-lasting immune memory, and the underlying natural history assumptions. Even with background intervention scale-up reaching WHO cervical cancer elimination target levels, an HPV therapeutic vaccine might have efficiency comparable to many other widely administered vaccines such as against MenA, rotavirus, and PCV. This work highlights the importance of the underlying natural history assumptions in mathematical models and the need to explicitly account for parametric uncertainty.
The Dynamic Relationship between Energy Consumption, Foreign Capital Inflows and Currency Devaluation in Tunisia
Authors: KHRAIEF Naceur , KASSAB Nihed
Published: June 2023

This paper aims at analyzing the short and long run relationships between energy consumption and foreign capital inflows. This relationship is investigated after studying the impact of the three main variables: the economic growth, the export and the currency devaluation on the energy consumption, for Tunisia during the period 1971–2020. The ARDL bound testing approach is used in the presence of structural breaks in order to test the different interrelationships. Our preliminary results show that a long-run relationship exists between the above-mentioned variables. The performed causal analysis led to conclude that a bidirectional effect exists between foreign capital inflows and energy consumption, between energy consumption and the economic growth, and between foreign capital inflows and the economic growth. Thus, the resulting suggestion of this paper concern the Tunisian energy industry and encourages the possible change within its policies stressing the importance of the role of foreign capital inflows in reducing the energy consumption in Tunisia.
Real-time and selective control of shell deformation based on dynamic and subregional pressure response of flexible dies under magnetic field
Authors: XIANG Nan , WANG Hao-ran , WANG Peng-yi , HUANG Tao , GUO Jun-qing , WANG Yao-li , CHEN Fu-xiao
Published: June 2023

Pressure-carrying properties of traditional flexible materials can hardly be controlled during the process that they serve as pressure-carrying medium to form shell components. In this work, a forming method based on the subregional and dynamic pressure response of property-adjustable forming medium was proposed, aiming at achieving the flexible control of shell deformation in different regions and stages. Elastic composites with iron particles selectively dispersed in pre-designed location, i.e., heterogeneous magneto-rheological elastomers (MREs), were fabricated and employed as the flexible dies in the bulge tests of Al1060 sheet in the presence of external magnetic field. Deformation behaviors of sheet metal were dynamically measured, and loading and stress conditions were numerically studied. The results showed that local shell deformation could be controlled in a nearly monotonic way by adjusting the distribution pattern and content (φ) of iron particles. In the case that heterogeneous MRE with φ = 0/30% was employed and magnetic field with flux density (B) of 1950 Gs was applied, difference of bulge height and strain on both sides of the deformed shell increased by 6.5% and 16%, respectively. In the presence of magnetic field with B = 1240Gs, difference of bulge height on both sides of the sheet metal increased by 9% compared with the condition that no magnetic field is applied. But, the influence of magnetic field is not monotonous. Changed stress paths of sheet metal, which was induced by non-uniformly distributed and dynamically controllable pressure field of heterogeneous MREs, was used to clarify the forming mechanism.
Access to the Antenna System of Photosystem I via Single-Molecule Excitation-Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang XianJun , Taniguchi Rin , Nagao Ryo , Tomo Tatsuya , Noguchi Takumi , Ye Shen , Shibata Yutaka
Published: June 2023

Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the two photosystems embedded in the thylakoid membrane in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. It plays an important role in electron transfer in the photosynthesis reaction. The PSIs of many organisms contain a few red-shifted chlorophylls (Chls) with much lower excitation energies than the ordinary antenna Chls. The fluorescence emission spectrum originates primarily from the red-shifted Chls, whereas the excitation spectrum is sensitive to the antenna Chls that are upstream of red-shifted Chls. Using single-molecule excitation-emission spectroscopy (SMEES), we obtained the inclining 2D excitation-emission matrix (2D-EEM) of PSI particles isolated from a cyanobacterium, Thermosynechococcus vestitus (equivalent to elongatus), at 80 K. Interestingly, by decomposing the inclining 2D-EEMs, we found prominent variations in the excitation spectra of the red-shifted Chl pools with different emission wavelengths, strongly indicating the variable excitation energy transfer (EET) pathway from the antenna to the terminal emitting pools. SMEES helps us to directly gain information about the antenna system, which is fundamental to depicting the EET within pigment-protein complexes.
A new hybrid β-cyclodextrin/PAMAM G.0 as an electrochemical sensor for isoniazid detection
Authors: Barbosa Priscila Fernanda Pereira , Mastelaro Valmor Roberto , Carmo Devaney Ribeiro
Published: June 2023

βcyclodextrin (β-Cd) was functionalized with polyamide dendrimer PAMAM G.0 and the formed material was used to adsorb copper and in a subsequent reaction with potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) forming a mixed valence complex on the on β-cyclodextrin/PamamG.0 surface (β-Cd-PAMAM-Cu/Fe). This material and its precursors were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The β-Cd-PAMAM-Cu/Fe material was successfully tested in the electrocatalytic oxidation of isoniazid (ISO) using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Square Wave (SW). The electrochemical performance of the modified sensor exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.69×10− 7 mol L− 1 with a linear range from 1.0×10− 6 mol L− 1 to 1.0×10− 5 mol L− 1 of isoniazid using CV. A second region was detected with a limit of detection of 1.98×10− 5 mol L− 1 with a linear range from 6.0×10− 5 mol L− 1 to 9.0×10− 4 mol L− 1 of isoniazid using CV. In the same way, two linear regions were obtained using SWV, whose LOD was 6.49×10− 9 mol L− 1 in the concentration range of 5.0×10− 7 to 1.0×10− 6 mol L− 1 and the second region presented a LOD of 1.96×10− 7 mol L− 1 in the concentration range of 2.0×10− 6 to 1.0×10− 5 mol L− 1. Recoveries ranging from 97.20 to 100.57% were calculated, demonstrating satisfactory accuracy of the proposed method.
Heart Failure Classification Using Deep Learning to Extract Spatiotemporal Features from ECG
Authors: Zhang Chang-Jiang , Lu Yuan , Tang Fu-Qin , Cai Hai-Peng , Qian Yin-Fen , Wang Chao
Published: June 2023

Background
Heart failure is a syndrome with complex clinical manifestations. Due to increasing population aging, heart failure has become a major medical problem worldwide. In this study, we used the MIMIC-III public database to extract the temporal and spatial characteristics of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from patients with heart failure.
Methods
We developed a NYHA functional classification model for heart failure based on a deep learning method. We introduced an integrating attention mechanism based on the CNN-LSTM-SE model, segmenting the ECG signal into 2 to 20 s long segments. Ablation experiments showed that the 12 s ECG signal segments could be used with the proposed deep learning model for superior classification of heart failure.
Results
The accuracy, positive predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of the NYHA functional classification method were 99.09%, 98.9855%, 99.033%, and 99.649%, respectively.
Conclusions
The comprehensive performance of this model exceeds similar methods and can be used to assist in clinical medical diagnoses.
New Contributions to Prime Number Theory
Authors: uzaman budee
Published: June 2023

This paper introduces a novel approach to estimate the distribution of prime numbers by leveraging insights from partition theory, prime number gaps, and the angles of triangles. Application of this methodology to infinite sums and nth terms, and propose several ways of defining the nth term of a prime number. By using the Ramanujan infinite series of natural numbers. I will be able to derive an infinite series of prime numbers.
Characteristics and stability of pulsed gas-liquid discharge with the addition of photocatalysts
Authors: YE Yuankun , ZHOU Zikai , WANG Sen , FANG Zhi
Published: June 2023

Gas-liquid discharge coupling with photocatalysts is an effective approach to enhance the chemical activity of plasma treated liquid. However, the incomplete understanding of the discharge characteristics with the addition of photocatalysts remain. The characteristics of pulsed gas-liquid discharge (G-LD) combining TiO2 or WO3 are studied in this work to address this issue. Results indicate that the addition of photocatalysts significantly promote the discharge, as evidenced by the diagnosis of discharge current, optical emission spectra, concentrations of aqueous species and solution properties. Specifically, the addition of catalysts enhances the discharge current and enrich the emission spectrum. The atomic emission lines O (3p-3s), N (3p-3s) and Hα were also observed with the addition of TiO2, followed by higher content of reactive species in the solution. However, the destruction of discharge stability is also accelerated with the addition of catalysts. This study contributes to an improved understanding of the mechanism of gas-liquid discharge coupled with photocatalysts for the improvement in applications.
The combined application of biochar and cow urine enhances organic rice production
Authors: Jindo Keiji , Tahura Saraban , Hossen M Kamal , MIA Shamim , Harun-or-Rashid Md , Rahman Mahmud
Published: June 2023

Enhancing the yield of rice (Oryza sativa) under organic farming conditions often presents difficulties due to nutrient deficits, particularly nitrogen, which restrict primary productivity. The application of organic amendments from various sources (e.g., nitrogen-abundant urine) is suggested as a method to boost crop productivity and soil fertility, and to rehabilitate degraded land. However, limited knowledge exists on the impact of cow urine combined with biochar-compost on local aromatic rice performance.In our study, we structured an experiment around two variables: a) three local aromatic rice varieties (Kalizera, Chinigura and Shhakharkhora), and b) five organic amendments (compost, cow urine, compost + cow urine, biochar-compost, and biochar-compost + cow urine). We measured plant performance and soil nutrient status to assess the impact. The results demonstrated that, on average, the Chinigura variety yielded a significantly higher grain output (3.13 t/ha) across all fertilizer treatments. Remarkably, the most considerable yield increase was observed with the combined use of compost and cow urine, reaching its peak with the biochar-compost + cow urine treatment (4.03 t/ha). This significant increase could be attributed to the cow-urine nitrogen retained on the surfaces of the biochar-compost, which subsequently improved the nitrogen availability to the plants. Supporting our initial hypothesis, we noted a substantial increase in soil and plant nitrogen (indicated by SPAD value) and grain absorption in the biochar-compost treatment. Our principal component analysis revealed positive relationships between grain yield and nutrient concentration in plants and soil. Our findings suggest that merging nitrogen-rich substances with compost could be a viable strategy for enhancing the yield of organically cultivated rice.
Experimental study on the effect of water content on the mechanical properties of rock-like materials under freeze-thaw action
Authors: Yuan Pu , Lu XueFeng , Qi Shao-xian , Li Ao-bo
Published: June 2023

In order to study the effect of water content on the mechanical properties of rock-like materials under freeze-thaw action. Static uniaxial compression test and dynamic SHPB test were carried out on dry rock-like and rock-like with water content of 1%, 2% and 3% under different freeze-thaw cycles. The static and dynamic mechanical properties were analyzed, and the damage and deterioration mechanism of rocks with different water contents was analyzed by SEM test. The results show that the static compressive strength of four groups of rock samples with different water content decreases with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. With the increase of water content, the static compressive strength also decreases gradually. Under the condition of the same impact pressure, the dynamic stress-strain curves of samples with different water contents all experienced elastic stage, nonlinear deformation stage and failure stage. The dynamic energy absorption rate decreases with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, and the degree of fragmentation of the specimens is also increasing. With the increase of water content, the energy absorption rate showed a decreasing trend, and the fragments of the specimens gradually changed from block to granular or even powder. It can be seen from the SEM image that the internal structure of the dry rock is closely arranged, and the number of cracks and pores is relatively small, which has excellent resistance to impact power. With the increase of water content, the internal structure becomes more and more loose.
Segment Anything in Glaciology: An initial study implementing the Segment Anything Model (SAM)
Authors: Shankar Siddharth , Stearns Leigh A. , Veen Cornelis J. van der
Published: June 2023

Semantic segmentation is a critical part of observation-driven research in glaciology. Using remote sensing to quantify how features change (e.g. glacier termini, supraglacial lakes, icebergs, crevasses) is particularly important in polar regions, where features of interest may be spatially small but reflect important shifts in boundary conditions. In this study we assess the utility of the Segment Anything Model (SAM), released by Meta AI Research, for cryosphere research. SAM is a foundational AI model that generates segmentation masks without additional training data. This is highly beneficial in polar science because pre-existing training data rarely exist. Widely used conventional deep learning models such as UNet require tens of thousands of training labels to perform effectively. We show that the Segment Anything Model performs well for different features (icebergs, glacier termini, supra-glacial lakes, crevasses), in different environmental settings (open water, mélange, and sea ice), with different sensors (Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, Planet, time-lapse photographs) and different spatial resolutions. Due to the performance, versatility, and cross-platform adaptability of SAM, we conclude that it is a powerful and robust model for cryosphere research.
No tight correlation between transcription and translation for highly expressed genes in Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: June 2023

Transcription is commonly assumed to correlate tightly with translation. Thus, protein level of an enzyme is similar to its mRNA transcript level, which opens up the use of RNA-seq transcriptomics as a proxy for probing gene expression patterns of different species and cell types under varied conditions. This work originally started as a curiosity-driven project to gain an understanding of Ribo-seq and how does it compare to RNA-seq. Results from the Ribo-seq and RNA-seq analysis of Pseudomonas fluorescens in suspension culture broth after a re-analysis of the original Fastq data from European Nucleotide Archive reveals no tight correlation between transcription and translation. Specifically, taking the ratio of translation with transcription reveals a range between 0.1 to 1.4 for highly expressed genes of P. fluorescens. With an average ratio of 0.4, it appears that translation is buffered for genes with high mRNA relative abundance. Such a result suggests that multiple feedback loops entwined gene expression at the transcription and translation level, possibly preventing runaway gene expression that consumes too much of the cellular resources. Genes with higher correlation between translation and transcription (ratio ~ 0.4 to 0.6) are ribosomal proteins, which provides further evidence of their dedicated roles in ribosome assembly and function that needs high protein and mRNA levels at the same time. Overall, common notion of tight correlation between translation and transcription may not be generally correct. In addition, negative feedback mechanism may be the dominant theme in regulating gene expression at the mRNA transcript and protein level, where protein abundance may regulate translation through tuning the strength of the ribosome binding site through evolutionary mechanisms.
Quantum spin nematic liquid in the low-dimensional anisotropic magnets -S=1/2 delta spin chain with the anisotropic ferromagnetic interaction in magnetic field-
Authors: Sakai Toru , Furuchi Rito , Nakano Hiroki , Okamoto Kiyomi
Published: June 2023

The magnetization process of the S=1/2S=1/2 delta chain with the anisotropic ferromagnetic interaction is investigated using the numerical diagonalization of finite-size clusters. It is found that the spin nematic liquid phase appears in higher magnetization region, as well as the SDW liquid one in lower region.
Single crystal growth of PrNiGe$_2$ compounds
Authors: Ishiwatari Kousei , Hoshii Kaito , Ida Keisuke , Ohashi Masashi
Published: June 2023

We report on the magnetic characterization of a praseodym intermetallic PrNiGe_22. Several single crystals are grown by the Czochralski method from Ni- deficient sample as the initial one. X-ray analysis of PrNi_{0.8}0.8Ge_22 indicated the CeNiSi_22-type structure as the only phase. The magnetic measurements clearly indicate that PrNi_xxGe_22 exhibits a ferromagnetic orderings at 12 K, which is independent with of composition of Ni. A strong anisotropy along the three principal crystallographic directions was observed, reflecting the orthorhombic symmetry of the crystal structure. The bb-axis was found to be the easy axis of magnetization.
Electronic structure of CeAuAl$_3$ using density functional theory
Authors: Deyerling André , Wilde Marc A. , Pfleiderer Christian
Published: June 2023

We studied the magnetic properties and electronic structure of CeAuAl_3CeAuAl3 using density functional theory. This compound shows a large Sommerfeld coefficient, a Kondo temperature, {T_K=4\,K}TK=4K and antiferromagnetic order below {T_N=1.1\,K}TN=1.1K. We calculated the magnetic groundstate of {CeAuAl_3}CeAuAl3 and the magnetic anisotropy energies. Treating the 4f-electrons as localized with DFT+U we obtain a good match with the magnetic properties observed experimentally. We also report salient features of the electronic structure of {CeAuAl_3}CeAuAl3, including features of the Fermi surface and associated quantum oscillatory spectra, when the 4f-electrons are treated either as localized or itinerant.