bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSA Nadir and Time to PSA Nadir Following Androgen Deprivation Therapy are the Predictors for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Noppakulsatit Patranuch
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of nadir prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and time to PSA nadir following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)on disease progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Patients and methods: A total of 90 patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy in our hospital were included in our retrospective study. Patients’ characteristics, PSA at PADT initiation (initial PSA), PSA nadir, TTN, follow up time, CRPC event were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression model. Results: At a median follow-up of 12 months, 57 patients (63.3%) showed disease progression of CRPC Both PSA nadir and time to PSA nadir (TTN) was independent and significant predictors of CRPC event. Patients with higher PSA nadir (≥0.2ng/dL) and shorter time to PSA nadir (TTN <6 months) had significant shorter time to CRPC. Meanwhile, the Gleason score, age and initial PSA werenot significant predictors of disease progression. In the combined analyses showed patients with higher of PSA nadir and shorter TTN had significantly higher risk for CRPC event compared to lower PSA nadir and longer TTN (HR 69.243, p-value< 0.001) Conclusion: We concluded that both higher PSA nadir and shorter time to PSA nadir are significant predictors of CRPC in patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer receiving ADT.
The Study for Accuracy Assessment of Free PSA Density for Prostate Cancer Detection in Male Patients with High PSA
Authors: P Noppakulsatit
Published: September 2021

Background: Prostate cancer detection is currently based on serum PSA with a digital rectal examination which is neither specific nor sensitive, which caused many unnecessary prostate gland biopsies that are highly expensive and can result in unwanted complications. Serum free PSA increases with a larger prostate gland,yet declines with a gland that contains cancer cells, thus prompting the hypothesis that calculating the ratio of serum free PSA against prostate gland volume provides the so-called “free PSA density” which can be utilized to improve prostate cancer detection. Methods: Male participants were deemed eligible if they are at risk of prostate cancer with a PSA level of 4-10 ng/dL and aged between 50-75 years. Serum PSA and serum free PSA were obtained concurrently, followed by transrectal ultrasonography for prostate volume calculation and biopsy of the gland. Also reported are the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) with area under the ROC curve(AUC) of serum PSA, %free PSA ratio, free PSA density and PSA density. The AUC of the variables were compared with the free PSA density and reported. Results: The free PSA density cut point values which provided the highest accuracy was 0.025mg/mL/cc, which had 61.5% sensitivity and 67.25% specificity. The ROC results indicate that %free PSA ratio had the best AUC at 0.86. Free PSA density and PSA density have AUC at 0.65 and 0.61, respectively. Meanwhile, serum PSA had the worst AUC of 0.54. The researchers also calculated different AUCs of other variables to free PSA density. Finally, the AUC of free PSA density was significantly better than the reference standard tool serum PSA (p=0.022). Conclusions: Prostate cancer is an emerging cancer among elderly men. Frequent use of serum PSA as a screening tool allows earlier diagnosis of this cancer but with the expensive of unnecessary further investigations. Most novel and promising tools are too expensive to be used as a generalized screening tool. From this study, free PSA density may be a reasonable alternative tool for detection of prostate cancer.
Konya bölgesi popülasyonunda CAPN10 genindeki SNP-43 polimorfizmi Tip 2 Diabetes riski ile ilişkilidir
Authors: UÇARYILMAZ Hülya , ERKOÇ KAYA Dudu , ARIKOĞLU Hilal , TURHAN Ahmet Bülent , GÖNEN Mustafa Sait
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Kalpain-10 (CAPN10), Ca+2 bağımlı intrasellüler sistein proteazlar ailesinin atipik bir üyesidir. Birçok dokuda eksprese edilir ve başta insülin sekresyonu ve aktivitesi olmak üzere çok çeşitli hücresel fonksiyonlar için gereklidir. Tanımlanan ilk Tip 2 diyabet (T2D) yatkınlık genidir. Çalışmamızda bir Türk popülasyonunda CAPN10 gen polimorfizmleri (SNP-44, -43 ve -137) ile artmış T2D riski arasındaki ilişkinin analiz edilmesi amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 149 T2D’li hasta ve 48 sağlıklı birey dahil edildi. Genotiplendirme PCR-SSCP tekniği kullanılarak yapıldı, dizi analizi ile doğrulandı. CAPN10 genotiopleri ile T2D gelişimi ve klinik özellikler arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Hastalıkla genotip arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için yapılan odds analizi sonuçlarına göre; SNP-44 ile hastalık arasında ilişki gözlenmezken (OR: 1.417 CI:0.452-4.436, P=0.740), SNP-43 ile hastalık arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu (OR: 0.455 CI:0.235-0.881, P=0.028). SNP-137 genotip dağılımı bakımından tüm hasta ve kontrol bireylerde C/C olarak tespit edildi. Taranan SNP’ler ile klinik parametreler arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunmadı (P>0.05).
Sonuç: Sonuçlarımıza göre; CAPN10 genindeki SNP-43, Türk populasyonunda T2D gelişimi açısından bir risk faktörüdür.
Nötrofil-Lenfosit Oranlarının, Platelet Belirteçlerinin ve Sodyum Düzeyinin Febril Nöbetler ile İlişkisi
Authors: SARIGEÇİLİ Esra , KOÇ UÇAR Habibe , SARI GÖKAY Sinem
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Çocuk acil servise febril nöbet ile başvuran hastaların laboratuvar parametrelerini belirlemek ve bunların basit ve komplike nöbet ayrımındaki önemini göstermektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Aralık 2019-Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında Adana Şehir Hastanesi Çocuk Acil Bölümü’ne febril nöbet ile başvuran hastaların başvurudan sonraki ilk bir saat içindeki nötrofil-lenfosit oranları, platelet değerleri ve sodyum düzeyleri incelendi.

Bulgular: 138 basit ve komplike febril nöbet hastası çalışmaya alındı. 111’i (% 80,4) basit febril nöbet 27’si (% 19,5) komplike febril nöbetti. Nötrofil/lenfosit oranları ile Mean Platelet volüm/platelet oranları arasında basit ve komplike nöbet ayrım bakımından anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmadı (p> 0,05). Ancak febril nöbet ile başvuran hastaların % 65,2’de hiponatremi olup basit ve komplike nöbetler bakımından anlamlı farklılık mevcuttu (p:0,006). Tekrarlayan nöbet riski yönünden farklılık saptanmadı (p> 0,05).

Sonuç: Hiponatreminin febril nöbete yatkınlık sağlayan bir neden olabileceği düşünüldü.
Çocukluk çağı primer megaüreterlerinde, üreterovezikal bileşkedeki histopatolojik değişikliklerin klinik gidiş ile ilişkisi
Authors: UYSAL Mehmet
Published: September 2021

GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Primer megaüreter (PMGÜ)’ in etyopatogenezini anlamak ve klinik seyrini tahmin etmek amaçlandı.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: PMGÜ sebebiyle takip edilen yirmi iki hasta (11 erkek,11 kadın) operasyon yaşına göre üç gruba ayrıldı: Grup I (0-9 ay), Grup II (10-24 ay), grup III (>24 ay). Tüm gruplar Haziran 1999-Mayıs 2009 tarihleri arasında histopatolojik ve klinik veriler kullanılarak karşılaştırıldı.
BULGULAR: Tüm grup II hastaları,böbrek ön arka çapı (RPÇ), üreter çapındaki değişiklikler açısından anlamlı iyileşme tespit edildi. Nöral lif hücre sayısı ile RPÇ, üreter çapı, parenkim kalınlığı (PT) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmayan zayıf bir pozitif ilişki bulunurken, nöral lif hücre sayısı ile bölünmüş böbrek fonksiyonları (BBF)’ndaki değişiklikler arasındaki ilişki ters idi, ancak bu ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p>0.05)
TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: PMGÜ'yü yönetmek için endoskopik ve cerrahi teknikler başarılı olmakla birlikte, erken müdahalenin istenmeyen sonuçlara neden olabileceğini düşündük. PMGÜ olgularında 9 ay ve daha sonra yapılan operasyonların böbrek fonksiyonlarının korunmasında daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinde otizmli çocuğu olan ailelerin aşılar hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerinin, aşı reddinin sıklığının, ve nedenlerinin araştırılması.
Authors: KEŞLİ Recep , DÜNYA Yasin , ZAHEER Aldulmanoor , ROUDKOLİ Danyal Rezazadeh , GÜN Rukiye , BARDAK Mehmet , YÜCESAN Esra Zeynep , DEMİRAYAK Muhammed Rasim , DİLCİOĞLU Fadime Özge , ÖZTÜRK Fatma Beyza , ŞENER Bayram , TURHAN Mesut , ÖZKAN Emek Can , ÇETİN Fatih Hilmi , TERZİ Yüksel
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), erken çocukluk dönemlerinde sosyal etkileşim ve iletişim becerilerinde yetersizlik, kısıtlı ilgi alanı ve stereotipik davranış örüntüleri ile karakterize nörogelişimsel önemli bir bozukluktur. Bu çalışmanın amacı OSB tanısı almış çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin aşılar hakkında genel bilgilerini ölçme, aşıya karşı tutumlarını belirleme, aşı karşıtlığının oranı ve nedenlerini saptamaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, OSB tanılı çocukları olan ebeveynlerden birisi ile, yüz yüze görüşmek sureti ile, anket yaparak gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Elde edilen verilere göre; kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, otizmli çocukları olan ebeveynlerin; aşılar hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerinin, ve aşı reddi tercihlerinin daha yüksek olduğu, aşıların içeriklerinden daha çok şüphe duydukları, özellikle canlı virus aşılaması ile otizmin başlaması arasında, zamansal ilişki olduğuna inandıkları belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: OSB tanılı çocukların rutin çocuk-ergen psikiyatristleri tarafından, rutin kontrollerinde; ailelerin aşılar hakkındaki düşünceleri, kaygıları ve kaçınmaları değerlendirilmelidir.
Uyanık hastada video yardımlı torakoskopik cerrahi
Authors: YILDIRAN Hüseyin , SUNAM Güven Sadi
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Sedoanaljezi eşliğinde entübasyon olmadan video yardımlı torakoskopik cerrahi (VATS) son on yılda minimal invaziv prosedürler için giderek daha popüler bir cerrahi teknik haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise, sedasyon veya torasik epidural anestezi kullanılamayan hastalarda sadece lokal anestezi ile uygulanan video yardımlı torakoskopi tekniğinin sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2009-2019 yılları arasında, genel anestezi riski yüksek olarak sınıflandırılarak uyanık halde video yardımlı torakoskopik cerrahi yapılan 43 hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi.

10 ml izotonik ile sulandırılan 10 ml %0,5 bupivakain, cilt altına ve kas içine uygulandı. 15 dakika sonra 10 mm 0 derece videotorakoskop için toraksa tek bir port insizyonunu takiben VATS uygulandı.

Yaş, cinsiyet, başvuru yakınmaları, lateralite, efüzyon tipi, sitoloji sonuçları, hastaların komorbiditeleri, hastanede kalış süresi, efüzyon miktarı, ameliyat süresi ve patoloji sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 67,32 (45-85) olan kırk üç hastanın 23’ü erkek, 20’si kadındı. En sık yakınma (n = 40) dispne idi. 22 sol ve 21 sağ hemitoraksa VATS uygulandı. 39 hidrotoraks, 4 pnömotoraks olgusu vardı. Hidrotoraks tanılı olgulardan drene edilen ortalama sıvı miktarı 1311 ml (400-4000 ml) idi. Bül nedeniyle pnömotoraks gelişen 2 olguya wedge rezeksiyon yapıldı. Hiçbir hastaya kas gevşetici veya sedasyon verilmedi.

Sonuç: Uyanık VATS seçilmiş hastalarda, kas gevşetici ve sedoanaljezi gerektirmediğinden güvenli bir tekniktir.
Effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on lower limb function in patients after stroke: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ni Xueyi , Cui Liru , Bi Ruixia , Qian Jinghua
Published: September 2021

Background: In recent years, it is reported that non-invasive brain stimulation [including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)] could improve lower limb function in patients after stroke. However, some studies showed no effect. In the present study, we aimed to make a meta-analysis to assess effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on lower limb function in patients after stroke.
Methods: Studies exploring the effect of tDCS or rTMS on lower limb function in patients after stroke were searched on the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, Google Scholar before March 2021. Meta-analysis was made to summarize results of these studies.
Results: The present study showed significantly better walking speed, mobility and muscle strength increase effect in tDCS group compared to sham tDCS group [walking speed: standard mean difference (SMD) = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.48 to 1.80, I2 = 74.0%, p value for Q test < 0.001; mobility: SMD = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.21 to 1.36, I2 = 53.8%, p value for Q test = 0.043; muscle strength: SMD = 2.79, 95% CI = 0.61 to 4.98, I2 = 93.9%, p value for Q test < 0.001]. In addition, meta-analysis showed significantly better walking speed, balance and motor function increase effect in rTMS group compared to sham rTMS group [walking speed: SMD = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.38 to 5.24, I2 = 92.1%, p value for Q test < 0.001; balance: SMD = 3.54, 95% CI = 1.45 to 5.63, I2 = 95.4%, p value for Q test < 0.001; motor function: SMD = 1.65, 95% CI = 0.53 to 2.76, I2 = 90.3%, p value for Q test < 0.001].
Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that non-invasive brain stimulation improved lower limb function in patients after stroke. More large scale, blinded RCTs were necessary to confirm the effect of rTMS and tDCS on lower limb function in patients after stroke.
Retroclival subdural hematoma associated with warfarin: A case report
Authors: Bahadir Sinan
Published: September 2021

Retroclival subdural hemorrhage is a rare entity. Apart from trauma, it may occur due to rupture of an aneurysm, pituitary apoplexy and spontaneously. Very few cases are associated with bleeding disorders.A 62-year-old female patient who was under warfarin treatment was found to have subdural hemorrhage in the retroclival area. Headache complaint was rapidly relieved by steroid treatment. She fully recovered in a month. Spontaneous retroclival hemorrhage is rarely associated with anticoagulant agents. Though it’s hardly a lethal condition, steroids can provide quick pain relief.
The shallow water chiton fauna of the Salish Sea
Authors: Clark Roger
Published: September 2021

The Salish Sea, encompassing the inland waters of Washington State, and southern British Columbia, Canada, has one of the richest chiton faunas in the world, with nearly 40 species to be found in the intertidal and shallow subtidal depths, with a few only found on the outer fringe of Salish Sea, not in the inland waters
Investigation into the identity of the taxon Callipara (Festilyria) festiva, with the description of two new species
Authors: Childs Andrew , Aiken Roy , Bail Patrice
Published: September 2021

The history of the taxon Callipara (Festilyria) festiva is carefully reviewed, and new light is shed on the existence of other members of this ‘group’, described hereunder as Callipara casaana sp. nov., and Callipara victoriae sp. nov.
New Records of Polymita venusta (Gmelin, 1792) Populations in Northern Foothills of Sierra de Boniato, Santiago de Cuba Province
Authors: Méndez-Hernández Abelardo , González-Guillén Adrián
Published: September 2021

Three new localities of Polymita venusta are uncovered from the northern foothills of Sierra de Boniato in the Santiago de Cuba province. In those, five new populations inhabiting fragmented forests over karstic substratum were found between 238-405 meters above sea level. The rediscovery of a unique color form took place in one colony from the La Luz vicinity. These populations occupy a highly deforested area where the main activities are cattle grazing and agriculture, combined with other anthropic threats. Protected Areas planning for this human highly disturbed zone is nonexistent.
Rejected Synonyms in MolluscaBase
Authors: Thach Nguyen
Published: September 2021

A large number of new species in this author’s books on South Asian shells have been designated as synonyms by Páll-Gergely et al. 2020, without convincing proof. In the last quarter of 2020 (i.e., August-November), MolluscaBase (an Internet website that is a taxonomically-oriented database, in which B. Páll-Gergely is an Editor) rejected forty-one of this author’s new species based on incorrect synonymization. This article distinguishes the differences between some of those new species and previously described species which have been synonymized, and utilizes photo comparisons to depict the inaccuracies of these designations.
New Fossil Scaphelline Volutes from the Pliocene of Southern Florida
Authors: Petuch Edward , Berschauer David
Published: September 2021

Three new scaphelline volutes, belonging to the genera Scaphella and Volutifusus, are described from Pliocene formations in southern Florida. The new taxa include Scaphella kendrae n. sp. from the Sarasota Member, Murdock Formation (Zanclean Age), Volutifusus dougsheltoni n. sp. from the Buckingham Member, Tamiami Formation (early Piacenzian Age), and Volutifusus kissimmeensis n. sp. from the Fruitville Member (Unit 2 Kissimmee facies equivalent), Tamiami Formation (late Piacenzian Age).
About abnormalities on the number of eyes and the evolution of the possible eye-sight related shell aspects in Strombidae; introducing new shell terms in Strombidae morphology (Gastropoda: Stromboidea, Strombidae)
Authors: Dekkers Aart
Published: September 2021

Aberrations on the number of eyes and strombid notches, the evolution of the eye- sight, the use of the anterior canal and other morphological adaptions to the shells of the family are discussed. Animals with 3 and 4 eyes instead of 2 eyes are reported just as shells with 2 strombid notches instead of one strombid notch. The use of the term ‘siphonal canal’ is discouraged and replaced by ‘anterior canal’. A new term is introduced: the strombid lobe for the broadly rounded projection on the outer lip posterior to the strombid notch.
Registration of Neostromboidae Clades in the RegNum of the PhyloCode, and Errata
Authors: Maxwell Stephen
Published: September 2021

This paper provides the International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature RegNum repository registration numbers for the clades defined in The Festivus. The definitions are based on the current understanding of the internal resolution within Stromboidae, and maybe amended as further taxa are resolved. This set of registration references reflects the refined definitions that have become necessary with the activation of the PhyloCode (2020) and the RegNum protocols. The use of types is not a requirement of the PhyloCode, but there use herein does resolve much of the differences between the IZCN and PhyloCode in practice. Errata for Maxwell and Rymer (2021) are noted at the end.
Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Bangladesh -Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Azad Chowdhury Md Shahnur , Toufiqur Rahman Mohammad , Shahabuddin A. M. , Hassan Md Rizwan , Chowdhury Mohammad Shyfur Rahman
Published: September 2021

An enterprise resource planning (ERP) project is a sizable enterprise application either in the business and engineering perspective. It creates huge alterations and frequently entails calling into question several traditional roles within the business, for which individuals are rarely well ready. It frequently involves the execution of numerous new approaches and their integration with existing programs and frequently reflects one of the bigger IT jobs -- one of the highly crucial ones in many businesses, cooperation between industry and IT extends into international cooperation between many small business units and many entities of their IT division. The achievement of this undertaking will count on the caliber of the cooperation. Before beginning such a difficult endeavor, certain conditions have to be ensured. The business has to see to adulthood in ERP and also the management and technical capacities of their IT division and the capability of the business and IT to work together. Without these requirements, companies wouldn't have the ability to lead and get different stages of an ERP project. This preparation could require a few educational and communication efforts which can be essential for success. This study has been undertaken to address the viability of installing ERP in any enterprise and its benefits and challenges in Bangladesh. ERPs are highly technical issues with numerous benefits. It requires a lot of preconditions to be installed. By reviewing the literature and going through several recent research, a concept is tried to be developed here in this study. Idea about current status of ERP practices in Bangladesh has been generated from various circulars and reports produced by the companies. The study found that productivity and profits are increased by implementing ERP in the local enterprises but a lot of challenges are to be addressed. The infrastructure of IT and power supply should be ensured to gain optimum advantages. The employees should be well trained to run the system successfully.
The Influence of Social Crowding on Consumer Creativity
Authors: Tong Luqiong , Li Jing
Published: September 2021

The importance of consumer creativity is currently widely recognized, yet the examination of the influence of environmental elements on consumer creativity is still limited. Our research investigates the influence of social crowding on consumer creativity performance. While past research mainly focuses on extreme crowding conditions, our research examines the impact of a moderate level of social crowding, which is more commonly experienced in reality. From two lab experiments, our research shows that compared to consumers in crowded environments, consumers in uncrowded environments perform better on creativity tasks (e.g., designing promotion slogans and identifying solutions to problems). Furthermore, the effect of social crowding is mediated by approach motives. Consumers in an uncrowded (vs. crowded) environment are more likely to trigger approach-based motivation, which enhances their creativity performance. These findings extend our knowledge of social crowding and creativity and can help consumers and companies improve creativity performance in appropriate environments.
Besondere Affinitäten
Authors: Monjau Selina
Published: September 2021

Interspecies intercourse between humans and simians has been the subject of numerous texts by various authors of Western literature since the 19th century. From Gustave Flaubert to Ian McEwan to Peter Høeg – analyzing nine texts overall, the author addresses an extraordinary and thus far mostly disregarded motif's cultural and literary historical backgrounds. In the process, she does not only examine the relationship between humans and simians and the way it changed over time, but also elaborates on the topical relevance for Animal, Gender, Queer and Women's Studies, as well as for the social discourse with regard to race and ethnicity.
Overview of Radiosurgery for Intracranial Meningiomas
Authors: Lap Poon Tak , Wing See Ka
Published: September 2021

Meningiomas are the second common Central Nervous System (CNS) neoplasm, and are the most common benign intracranial tumor. They approximately constitute up to 30% of all intracranial tumors. They arise from the arachnoidal coverings of brain. Presentation varies and depends on size, number and location of tumors. Symptoms include those related to increased in intracranial pressure, local irritative features including seizure and local pressure effect to eloquent areas, white matter tracts and cranial nerves. Management of meningiomsa is always challenging and multi-disciplinary approaches includes surgery, radiotherapy and possible chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Among radiation therapy treatment, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRT) is getting the popularity compared to traditional conformal radiotherapy with comparable tumor control rate.
Pneumonia: Drug-Related Problems and Hospital Readmissions
Authors: T. Nguyen Kien , T. Pham Suol , P.M. Vo Thu , X. Duong Chu , A. Perwitasari Dyah , H.K. Truong Ngoc , T.H. Quach Dung , N.P. Nguyen Thao , T.T. Duong Van , M. Nguyen Phuong , H. Nguyen Thao , Taxis Katja , Nguyen Thang
Published: September 2021

Pneumonia is one of the most common infectious diseases and the fourth leading cause of death globally. According to US statistics in 2019, pneumonia is the most common cause of sepsis and septic shock. In the US, inpatient pneumonia hospitalizations account for the top 10 highest medical costs, totaling $9.5 billion for 960,000 hospital stays. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in the treatment of infectious diseases, including the treatment of pneumonia, is a globally alarming problem. Antibiotic resistance increases the risk of death and re-hospitalization, prolongs hospital stays, and increases treatment costs, and is one of the greatest threats in modern medicine. Drug-related problems (DRPs) in pneumonia - such as suboptimal antibiotic indications, prolonged treatment duration, and drug interactions - increase the rate of antibiotic resistance and adverse effects, thereby leading to an increased burden in treatment. In a context in which novel and effective antibiotics are scarce, mitigating DRPs in order to reduce antibiotic resistance is currently a prime concern. A variety of interventions proven useful in reducing DRPs are antibiotic stewardship programs, the use of biomarkers, computerized physician order entries and clinical decision support systems, and community-acquired pneumonia scores.
Assessment of Sustainability of Dairy Sheep Farms in Castilla y León (Spain) Based on the MESMIS Method
Authors: Hidalgo-González Cristina , Pilar Rodríguez-Fernández M. , Plaza-Martín Javier , Palacios-Riocerezo Carlos
Published: September 2021

A livestock system is a productive unit, but in addition, if it pursues an optimal use of natural resources, it can increase overall sustainability. In order to evaluate the fulfillment of this objective, it is necessary to carry out a diagnosis of the system to describe and evaluate its degree of sustainability. One methodological option for this diagnosis is the construction of sustainability indicators. The MESMIS method is a methodological tool that analyses the interrelations between the results of the environmental, social and economic dimensions through a battery of indicators. The aim of this work is to assess the sustainability, using the MESMIS methodology, of different management systems of a sample of dairy sheep farms in Castilla y León (Spain). In general, the semi-extensive group obtained the highest overall score (8.40), and the intensive group achieved the highest volume of productivity. In conclusion, semi-extensive systems were more sustainable than intensive or semi-intensive systems in all attributes, especially those related to stability, adaptability and equity.
Perspective Chapter: Black Lives Matter and the Anti-Woke Campaign in the UK
Authors: Pilkington Andrew
Published: September 2021

The murder of George Floyd by police officers in the US in 2020 reignited the Black live matter movement and reverberated across the world. In the UK many young people demonstrated their determination to resist structural racism and a number of organizations subsequently acknowledged the need to take action to promote race equality and reflect upon their historical role in colonialism and slavery. At the same time, resistance to these challenges has mounted, with right-wing news media and the UK government drawing upon an anti-woke or anti-PC discourse to disparage attempts to combat structural racism and decolonise the curriculum. This chapter argues that the campaign to discredit anti-racism culminated in 2021 in the production of the Sewell report commissioned by the government. This chapter critically examines this report and the discourse which underpins the report. The discourse is consonant with that of the anti-woke campaign propagated by the right-wing news media and the UK government, and entails the reproductoion of rather than opposition to structural racism.
Bioactive Peptides from Legumes and Their Bioavailability
Authors: Indrati Retno
Published: September 2021

Bioactive peptides (BPs) isolated from legumes have functional properties as healthy foods. These functional effects depend on their stability and bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract before reaching the target organs. Therefore, it is necessary to disclose the factors that influence it and discuss the technical processing to develop its utilisation. This chapter discusses and summarises the bioactive activities of BPs from various legumes, factors and mechanisms related to the bio-assessability, stability, bio-availability and bioactivity of BPs. Furthermore, the development of BPs bioseparation was also discussed. The results show that the nature of BPs varies greatly depending on the legume source and the production method. Factors that influenced the bio-availability of BPs include molecular weight, charge, amino acid sequence, the presence of specific residues and hydrophobic amino acids, and resistance to the action of peptidase while in the digestive tract. However, some BPs showed increased bio-accessibility and bio-availability after being hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes. Processing technologies such as encapsulation allowing BPs to enter the body and undergo release and degradation by enzymes digestion. Further studies are required to understand the increase in the bioavailability of BPs, the safety of the food components produced, and their use in producing functional foods.
A mathematical approximation to left-sided truncated normal distribution based on Hart's model
Authors: Hamasha Mohammad , Al Haneen , Hamasha Sa'd , Ahmed Abdulaziz
Published: September 2021

Left-sided truncated distributions (LSTD) have been found in different situations in the industry. For example, the life distribution of used devices is left-sided truncated distribution. Moreover, if a lower specification exists without the upper specification limit, the product distribution is truncated from the left side. Left-sided truncated normal distributions (LSTND) is a special case where the original distribution is normal. LSTND characteristics, as well as cumulative densities and probabilities can be difficult to employ manually, with most practitioners relying largely on specialized (and expensive) software. In many cases, practitioners are against purchasing software, as they are often limited in the number of estimations. The paper will provide an accurate and straightforward approximation to the cumulative density of LSTND. Hart's normal distribution is simplified and used as a foundation of this model. The maximum absolute error for the curve at different truncation points (i.e., ZL) over the definition range (i.e., [zL: ∞]) is as follows: 0.004303 for ZL = -4, 0.00432 for ZL = -3, 0.00449 for ZL = -2, 0.005727 for ZL =-1, and 0.0106 for ZL = 0. Even the maximum errors are very ignorable in probability applications. Further, it is rare to find a truncation point of higher than -2 in the industry.
Predicting current voting intentions by Big Five personality domains, facets, and nuances – A random forest analysis approach in a German sample
Authors: Sindermann Cornelia , Mõttus René , Rozgonjuk Dmitri , Montag Christian
Published: September 2021

To understand what was driving individual differences in voting intentions in a large German sample, we investigated the predictability of voting intentions from the Big Five personality domains, facets, and nuances, thereby tackling shortcomings of previous studies. Using random forest analyses in a dataset of N = 4,286 individuals (46.01% men), separate models were trained to predict intentions to 1) not vote versus to vote, 2) vote for a specific party, and 3) vote for a left- versus right-from-the-center party from either the Big Five personality domains, facets, or nuances (represented by individual items). Except for intentions to not vote versus to vote, balanced accuracies to predict voting intentions marginally exceeded those achieved by a baseline learner always predicting the majority class. Using nuances over facets and domains slightly increased balanced accuracies. Results indicate that additional variables should be considered to accurately predict voting intentions, at least in German samples.
Mitigating Bias in Metadata
Authors: Hardesty Juliet , Nolan Allison
Published: September 2021

Controlled vocabularies used in cultural heritage organizations (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) are a helpful way to standardize terminology but can also result in misrepresentation or exclusion of systemically marginalized groups. Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is one example of a widely used yet problematic controlled vocabulary for subject headings. In some cases, systemically marginalized groups are creating controlled vocabularies that better reflect their terminology. When a widely used vocabulary like LCSH and a controlled vocabulary from a marginalized community are both available as linked data, it is possible to incorporate the terminology from the marginalized community as an overlay or replacement for outdated or absent terms from more widely used vocabularies. This paper provides a use case for examining how the Homosaurus, an LGBTQ+ linked data controlled vocabulary, can provide an augmented and updated search experience to mitigate bias within a system that only uses LCSH for subject headings.
Indledning til RvT 71: dyr, natur, religion
Authors: Albinus Lars , Lundager Jensen Hans J.
Published: September 2021

Indledning til RvT 71, temanummer om dyr, natur, religion
FEMALE BODY IN MEDIA AND MARKETING
Authors: Velov Branko , Kolev Dragan
Published: September 2021

This research aims to examine the attitude towards the ways in which the female body is represented, i.e. to determine the extent to which the respondents (women) agree with the statements based on critical observations of feminist and researchers on gender issues on unethical (unacceptable) representation and treatment of woman and the female body in media and marketing. The study involved 509 women, aged between 18 and 55 years. The attitude towards the representation of the female body is operationalized by a scale (RFB scale) of 21 statements, grouped into three dimensions- sexual objectification, promotion of the “ideal” female body and instrumentalization of the female body. The results show that the respondents, although to varying degrees, agree with all the statements that describe the ways in which the female body is presented in the media and in marketing. Although all three dimensions are quite common in the media and in marketing, the respondents see the instrumentalization (abuse) of the female body for commercial purposes as the most pronounced phenomenon. Both on an overall scale and in dimensions, women from urban areas show a higher score than women living in rural areas. There are no statistically significant differences between groups defined by other sociodemographic characteristics (age, marital status, region, type of neighborhood, education). The conclusion is that the respondents support the attitude of feminists and researchers of gender issues that in the media and in marketing there is sexual objectification and promotion of the “ideal” female body, and especially pronounced instrumentalization (abuse) of women and the female body for commercial purposes.
THE CREDIT GROWTH AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Jović Dragan S.
Published: September 2021

We have analyzed the impact of credit growth on economic activity in period before, during, and after credit crunch in Bosnia and Herzegovina i.e. from Q12007 to Q42012. In this period, credit growth on average proved itself as a good signal of economic contraction and economic slowdown. This is the first time that interdependence between credits and GDP in Bosnia and Herzegovina was established trough the receiver operating characteristic methodology and trough receiver-operating characteristic. The main research finding shows that level of credit growth is a good signal of substantial decrease of economic activity in case when credit growth was previously very high. The regulators and banking supervision should not allow excessive growth, because during and after credit crunch contraction of economic activity can happen even when credit growth rate is relatively high. This research is one of the first steps in creating early warning system for Bosnian economy by using banking sector data and national accounts data.
IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN BUSINESS SECTOR OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Čutura Marija , Jerković Anto
Published: September 2021

Because of the benefits for all stakeholders, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept that is now becoming increasingly popular and is also an integral part of doing business in the modern world. Through applying CSR, the business sector contributes to sustainable development and companies use it as their competitive advantage because it represents not only a desirable but also a necessary form of behavior in all business activities. The aim of this paper was to investigate the level of CSR policies implementation in small, medium, and large companies that are operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research instrument is adapted in order to analyze the application of particular CSR policies: workplace policies, environmental policies, marketplace policies, and community policies. The study also analyzed the possession standards related to the CSR implementation practice. For the purposes of the survey, data were collected from 90 companies operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The collection of primary data was conducted using the online survey technique. Based on the conducted research, it has been obtained that companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, regardless of the size of the companies, apply certain forms of CSR policies in their operations. The analysis also found that companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina attach different importance to certain CSR policies. The results related to the selection of CSR areas, the directing of financial resources in CSR, as well as the method of decision-making, and the degree of application of norms and standards, indicate that companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina do not have a strategic approach to CSR. Economic responsibility is the primary responsibility of companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but following current global trends, it is necessary to work to improve other dimensions and areas of CSR. The lack of significant differences in practices of CSR companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with regard to their size and giving the most importance to economic aspects of CSR, indicates an insufficient understanding of the modern approach to CSR from the side of the management of the companies. Government as well as the non-profit sector should support companies in implementing CSR policies to become more environmentally and socially responsible. Nevertheless, although there is no strategic approach, it can be concluded that companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina implement certain CSR policies. Based on the research results, the paper provides an overview of CSR policies in Bosnia and Herzegovina and offers some implications guidelines for managers, as well as guidelines for future CSR research.
OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN ORDER TO EXAMINE THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL RESPONSE
Authors: Račić Željko V. , Mikić Đuro , Mikić Neven
Published: September 2021

The concept of examining decisions using abstract research constructions as virtual aids enables the design of the management platform and the creation of the behavior of the future state of the system. Checking the effects of decisions in a real system through an appropriate mathematical-logical apparatus certainly affects the reduction of randomness and spontaneity of management. The symbolic connection of the input that produces the combined input action and the output that manifests the reaction expressed by the degree of sensitivity and enables the translation of the imaginary expression of reality into the operative mathematical language. The commitment to this type of model is based on the fact of almost standardized procedures in terms of choosing the priority of including certain forms of resources, which makes it representative in terms of achieving the goal function defined by the criterion of optimality. In this sense, we can talk about a whole range of optimization problems with mutually inconsistent tactical goals and thus the need for their refined balance, and one of such challenges is the focus of attention of a specific research project. The mathematical model represents a formalized description of the action of physical contents, and we use it to support the decision-making process when the complexity of reality allows that. Accordingly, to express the regularity of functioning, a deterministic model of linear programming in the form of a set of relations describing the input-output effect of influential factors used in this paper. With a tolerant simplification of reality, the perception of the model, based on the coincidence with the structure of the original, actually shows an approximation that means analogous behavior demonstrated on the quantitative model or its derivative - the optimization model. This thesis supports the fact that the corresponding relationship between the model and the original allows the examination of the behavior of the observed hypothetical system, and the analysis of the sensitivity map of the variable, in the form of a goal function, becomes a source of modeling information. Also, the system is not influenced by a high rate of change that would mean expanding from deterministic to stochastic modeling, but all methodological resources are mobilized so that the model concept would not become a theoretical misconception that would lead to quasi-decision making. The author’s analytical thinking and logic try to give a chance to the imagination, which connects creativity and physical resources that indicates several alternatives, which contain future parameters. In this way, the authors use the model as an increment of knowledge to connect the a priori management reserve of their accuracy with the reality of hypothetical data within a rational approach.
EXTENSION OF THE MINIMUM COST FLOW PROBLEM (MCFP OR CNF) BY CONSIDERATION OF TIME AND QUANTITY OF LOADS WITH MAXIMUM TIME
Authors: Kurtanović Omer , Dacić Haris , Kurtanović Admir
Published: September 2021

This paper extends the general problem of minimizing the total cost of transport on the road network (CNF) by considering the total time, maximum time and total amount of cargo with the longest time. In the literature available to us, models with timing and amount of cargo in the case of a standard transport task were exposed. Optimization is possible by combining 5 criteria, 2 linear and 3 nonlinear ones over the same set of linear constraints. Multicriteria optimization determines Pareto-optimal solutions. Interactive analyst-software algorithms for solving the selected models were defined. The solution of hypothetical problems was illustrated. Closed model with 5 two-way asymmetric communications using software for CNF and it is possible to use software for LP. Four one-criteria problems were solved: total costs, overall transport performance from a time standpoint, transport time (problem of the second type by time) total transport time (problem of the third type by time) and one bi-criteria problem related to the simultaneous minimization of the maximum duration of transport and total costs.
Mário de Andrade e os mineiros: a carta como exercício crítico
Authors: Pereira Maria do Rosário Alves
Published: September 2021

Este livro investiga o papel exercido por Mário de Andrade como crítico literário em sua epistolografia para escritores(as) mineiros(as), de diferentes grupos e gerações, tais como Carlos Drummond de Andrade e Martins de Almeida; Henriqueta Lisboa e Oneyda Alvarenga; Fernando Sabino e Alphonsus de Guimaraens Filho, entre outros. Percebe-se que os escritores, ainda que acatassem as sugestões mariodeandradianas e, em grande medida, as colocassem em prática na confecção do texto literário, mantinham, ao mesmo tempo, uma postura crítica e autônoma em relação aos apontamentos que recebiam. Desenvolve-se o conceito de carta-crítica, fundamental para as leituras aqui empreendidas, a fim de delinear como Mário, por meio de sua “sinceridade”, procurava orientar seus correspondentes. Procura-se demonstrar que o meio epistolar funcionou como uma espécie de laboratório tanto para o escritor paulista quanto para os jovens que dele se aproximavam, pois nas cartas se encontram a gênese de obras e, sobretudo, discussões profícuas sobre o fazer literário, a arte, o papel do intelectual e o do próprio crítico. Ao final, fica demonstrado o valor literário e histórico-cultural imbuído nessa vasta correspondência, que, seguramente, agrega novos sentidos à memória literária brasileira.
The Astronomer's Chair
Authors: Nasim Omar W.
Published: September 2021

The astronomer's observing chair as both image and object, and the story it tells about a particular kind of science and a particular view of history.

The astronomer's chair is a leitmotif in the history of astronomy, appearing in hundreds of drawings, prints, and photographs from a variety of sources. Nineteenth-century stargazers in particular seemed eager to display their observing chairs—task-specific, often mechanically adjustable observatory furniture designed for use in conjunction with telescopes. But what message did they mean to send with these images? In The Astronomer's Chair, Omar W. Nasim considers these specialized chairs as both image and object, offering an original framework for linking visual and material cultures. Observing chairs, Nasim ingeniously argues, showcased and embodied forms of scientific labor, personae, and bodily practice that appealed to bourgeois sensibilities.

Viewing image and object as connected parts of moral, epistemic, and visual economies of empire, Nasim shows that nineteenth-century science was represented in terms of comfort and energy, and that “manly” postures of Western astronomers at work in specialized chairs were contrasted pointedly with images of “effete” and cross-legged “Oriental” astronomers. Extending his historical analysis into the twentieth century, Nasim reexamines what he argues to be a famous descendant of the astronomer's chair: Freud's psychoanalytic couch, which directed observations not outward toward the stars but inward toward the stratified universe of the psyche. But whether in conjunction with the mind or the heavens, the observing chair was a point of entry designed for specialists that also portrayed widely held assumptions about who merited epistemic access to these realms in the first place.

With more than 100 illustrations, many in color; flexibound.