bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF SHAM SURGERY ON PHAGOCYTE FUNCTIONS IN RATS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, ESC “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Ukraine, Oliynyk Zh.
Published: May 2022

Animal models of inflammatory disorders, including those of the nervous system are commonly used to explore the pathophysiological role of immune cell response in disease triggering and course and to develop biotechnology products for therapeutic use. Modeling some of these disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, implies surgical manipulations for the intracerebral introduction of disease-initiating substances (toxins, amyloids etc.). Design of these experiments involves the use of sham-operated animals as a control of non-specific intrinsic side-effects elicited by surgical manipulations per se, including local and systemic inflammation, where phagocytic cells are key participants. Short-term post-surgical immunomodulatory effects are widely reported. However, no study thus far has examined the long term effects of sham-surgery on phagocyte functions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sham-surgery, commonly used for modeling neurodegenerative diseases, on phagocyte functions in the far terms after the surgical manipulations. Materials and Methods. Adult male Wistar rats were used in the study. Sham surgery consisted of stereotactic unilateral injection of saline solution into the median forebrain bundle (sham-operated 1, SO1) or directly into the substantia nigra (sham-operated 2, SO2). Before the placebo surgery, animals were anaesthetized using nembutal and ketamine/xylazine correspondingly. Functional characteristics (phagocytic activity, oxidative metabolism, CD80/86 and CD206 expression) of phagocytes (microglia, peritoneal macrophages, circulating monocytes and granulocytes) were examined by flow cytometry. Differential leukocyte count was conducted using hematological analyzer. Results. Phagocytes from animals underwent of different protocols of placebo surgery, demonstrated various patterns of functional changes on day 29 after the manipulations. In animals from SO1 group, we observed signs of residual neuroinflammation (pro-inflammatory shift of microglia functional profile) along with ongoing resolution of systemic inflammation (anti-inflammatory metabolic shift of circulating phagocytes and peritoneal macrophages). In rats from SO2 group, pro-inflammatory polarized activation of peritoneal phagocytes was registered along with anti-inflammatory shift in microglia and circulating phagocytes. Conclusions. Sham surgery influences functions of phagocytic cells of different locations even in the far terms after the manipulations. These effects can be considered as combined long-term consequences of surgical brain injury and the use of anesthetics. Our observations evidences, that sham associated non-specific immunomodulatory effects should always be taken into consideration in animal models of inflammatory central nervous system diseases.
HPLC DETECTION OF ANTITHROMBITIC CALIX[4]ARENE IN BLOOD PLASMA OF ANIMALS
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Didkivskyi V. A.
Published: May 2022

Previously sodium salt of 5,11,17,23-bis (dihydroxyphosphoryl) methylcalix[4]arene (C-145) was shown to be promising antithrombotic agent. Aim. This work was focused on the development of the method for the direct detection of this substance in blood plasma and estimation of pharmacokinetics of this compound. Methods. C-145 was injected into the Wistar rat’s lateral tail vein and into rabbit’s marginal vein of the ear (12 mg/kg) or was administrated per-oral. The anticoagulant effects of C-145 in blood plasma were confirmed by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test. HPLC was performed using Agilent 1100 series (Agilent, USA) on the phase cyano ZorbaxCN Column which parameters were L×I.D. 25 cm×4.6 mm. Results. The maximal antithrombotic effect after the intravenous or per-oral administration of C-145 was observed after 4-6 hours. In particular clotting time in APTT-test in these blood plasma samples was prolonged trice and more (120 s against 46 s in control). Normalization of blood clotting was achieved after 24 hours after the injection. To develop a method for direct C-145 detection in blood plasma we selected samples with maximal prolongation of clotting time. For accurate analysis of blood plasma samples proteins were saturated by 10 % trichloroacetic acid. After neutralization by NaHCO3 samples were prepared using 12-port vacuum unit for solid-phase extraction (Agilent, USA) with a Bond-Elut C18 cartridge. Samples that contained C-145 were eluted by 100% methanol for the HPLC analysis performed on the phase cyano ZorbaxCN Column equilibrated with an acetonitrile solution (ddH2O:AcCN 99:1). Elution was performed using a combined gradient of acetonitrile (100 %) and citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 6.0). The elution zone of C-145 was detected on the 128th minute at 280 nm. Conclusion. Application of the developed methods allowed us to confirm the direct antithrombotic effect of calix[4]arene C-145 on blood of experimental animals during intravenous administration. Also HPLC technique enabled to detect this substance in blood plasma and most likely could be applied for other biological solutions and could be modified for the quantitative analysis in the pharmacokinetic studies as well.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter
™ June 2022 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: May 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Daily E-cigarette Use and the Surge in JUUL Sales: 2017–2019
Authors: Pierce John P. , Zhang Jasen , Crotty Alexander Laura E. , Leas Eric C. , Kealey Sheila , White Martha M. , Strong David R. , Trinidad Dennis R. , McMenamin Sara B. , Chen Ruifeng , Benmarhnia Tarik , Messer Karen
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES

To identify how the 2017 rapid surge in sales of JUUL e-cigarettes affected usage among US youth and young adults.

METHODS

Annual surveys in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study assess tobacco use by product and brand among the US population. We identified 2 cohorts aged 14 to 34 years, 1 with baseline survey in 2014 before the rapid surge of JUUL and the other in 2017 as the surge in JUUL sales was occurring. For 5 age groups, we compared 2-year incidence of first tobacco use and of new-onset daily tobacco use by product, and report levels of dependence.

RESULTS

Sociodemographic variables and rates of experimentation with any tobacco product were similar between cohorts. Among baseline nondaily tobacco users, only those aged 14 to 17 years had an increase in the 2-year incidence of new daily tobacco use (2014 cohort = 4.8%, 95% confidence interval 4.3, 5.5 vs 2017 cohort = 6.3%, 95% confidence interval 5.8–7.0) to rates approaching those in the 1990s. In 2019, three-quarters of new daily tobacco users aged 14 to 17 vaped daily and had e-cigarette dependence scores similar to daily cigarette smokers and older adult e-cigarette vapers. We estimate that about 600 000 Americans aged <21 years used JUUL products daily in 2019, a rate 2.5 times those aged 25 to 34 years.

CONCLUSIONS

The surge in US JUUL sales was associated with a sharp rise in daily e-cigarette vaping and daily tobacco use among US youth, not young adults.
Trajectory Planning Algorithms in Two-Dimensional Environment with Obstacles
Authors: Pshikhopov Viacheslav , Medvedev Mikhail , Kostjukov Vladimir , Houssein Firas , Kadhim Azhar
Published: May 2022

This article proposes algorithms for planning and controlling the movement of a mobile robot in a two-dimensional stationary environment with obstacles. The task is to reduce the length of the planned path, take into account the dynamic constraints of the robot and obtain a smooth trajectory. To take into account the dynamic constraints of the mobile robot, virtual obstacles are added to the map to cover the unfeasible sectors of the movement. This way of accounting for dynamic constraints allows the use of map-oriented methods without increasing their complexity. An improved version of the rapidly exploring random tree algorithm (multi-parent nodes RRT – MPN-RRT) is proposed as a global planning algorithm. Several parent nodes decrease the length of the planned path in comprise with the original one-node version of RRT. The shortest path on the constructed graph is found using the ant colony optimization algorithm. It is shown that the use of two-parent nodes can reduce the average path length for an urban environment with a low building density. To solve the problem of slow convergence of algorithms based on random search and path smoothing, the RRT algorithm is supplemented with a local optimization algorithm. The RRT algorithm searches for a global path, which is smoothed and optimized by an iterative local algorithm. The lower-level control algorithms developed in this article automatically decrease the robot’s velocity when approaching obstacles or turning. The overall efficiency of the developed algorithms is demonstrated by numerical simulation methods using a large number of experiments.
Experimental Study of Language Models of "Transformer" in the Problem of Finding the Answer to a Question in a Russian-Language Text
Authors: Galeev Denis , Panishchev Vladimir
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study is to obtain a more lightweight language model that is comparable in terms of EM and F1 with the best modern language models in the task of finding the answer to a question in a text in Russian. The results of the work can be used in various question-and-answer systems for which response time is important. Since the lighter model has fewer parameters than the original one, it can be used on less powerful computing devices, including mobile devices. In this paper, methods of natural language processing, machine learning, and the theory of artificial neural networks are used. The neural network is configured and trained using the Torch and Hugging face machine learning libraries. In the work, the DistilBERT model was trained on the SberQUAD dataset with and without distillation. The work of the received models is compared. The distilled DistilBERT model (EM 58,57 and F1 78,42) was able to outperform the results of the larger ruGPT-3-medium generative network (EM 57,60 and F1 77,73), despite the fact that ruGPT-3-medium had 6,5 times more parameters. The model also showed better EM and F1 metrics than the same model, but to which only conventional training without distillation was applied (EM 55,65, F1 76,51). Unfortunately, the resulting model lags further behind the larger robert discriminative model (EM 66,83, F1 84,95), which has 3,2 times more parameters. The application of the DistilBERT model in question-and-answer systems in Russian is substantiated. Directions for further research are proposed.
Data Analysis and Visualization in the Tasks of the Project Solutions Multicriteria Optimization
Authors: Pimenov Viktor , Pimenov Ilya
Published: May 2022

The accumulation of data on project management processes and standard solutions has made relevant research related to the use of knowledge engineering methods for a multi-criteria search for options that set optimal settings for project environment parameters. Purpose: Development of a method for searching and visualizing groups of projects that can be evaluated based on the concept of dominance and interpreted in terms of project variables and performance indicators. Methods: The enrichment of the sample while maintaining an implicit link between the project variables and performance indicators is carried out using a predictive neural network model. A set of genetic algorithms is used to detect the Pareto front in the multidimensional criterion space. The ontology of projects is determined after clustering options in the solution space and transforming the cluster structure into the criterion space. Automation of the search in the multidimensional space of the Pareto front greatest curvature zone, which determines the equilibrium design solutions, their visualization and interpretation are carried out using a tree map. Results: A tree map is constructed at any dimension of the criterion space and has a structure that has a topological correspondence with projections of shared cluster images from a multidimensional space onto a plane. For various types of transformations and correlations between performance indicators and project variables, it is shown that the areas of the Pareto front greatest curvature are determined either by the contents of the whole cluster or by part of the variants representing the "best" cluster. If an undivided rectangle of a cluster is adjacent to the upper right corner of a tree map, then its representatives in the criterion space are well separated from the rest of the clusters and, when maximizing performance indicators, are closest to the ideal point. All representatives of such a cluster are effective solutions. If the winning cluster contains dominant options inside the decision tree, then the ”best" cluster is represented by the remaining options that set the optimal settings for the project variables. Practical relevance: The proposed methods of searching and visualizing groups of projects can be used when choosing the conditions of resource and organizational and economic modeling of the project environment, ensuring the optimization of risks, cost, functional, and time criteria.
Dynamic Model of Population Invasion with Depression Effect
Authors: Perevaryukha Andrey
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the study of one of the current scenarios for thedevelopment of population processes in contemporary ecological systems. Biological invasionshave become extremely common due to climate change, economic activities to improve ecosystemproductivity, and random events. The invader does not always smoothly occupy an ecological niche,as in logistic models. The dynamics of the situations we have chosen after the introduction of analien species is extremely diverse. In some cases, the phenomenon of an outbreak of abundanceis quickly realized up to the beginning of the destruction by the species of its new range. Thedevelopment of the situation in the process of invasion depends on the superposition of bioticand abiotic factors. The dynamics of the abundance of the invader is affected by the favorableconditions and, to a greater extent, by the possibility of realizing the reproductive potential andthe resistance of the biotic environment. Counteraction develops with a delay and manifests itselfwhen the invader reaches a significant number. In the work, a continuous model of the invasiveprocess with a sharp transition to a state of population depression has been developed. The stageof the population crisis ends with the transition to equilibrium, since the resistance in the modelscenario depends adaptively and in a threshold way on the number. The problem of computationaldescription of a scenario with active but delayed environmental resistance is practically relevantfor situations of developing measures of artificial resistance to an undesirable invader. In thesolution of our model, there is a mode of prolonged stable fluctuations after exiting the depressionstage.
A emergência do processamento submarino de petróleo e gás natural sob a perspectiva dos sistemas tecnológicos de inovação (1990-2019)
Authors: Pereta Matheus Gonçalves da Silva , Furtado André Tosi , Costa Janaína Oliveira Pamplona da
Published: May 2022

Resumo Este artigo explora o processo de emergência de tecnologias de processamento submarino na indústria mundial de petróleo e gás natural entre 1990-2019. O processamento submarino é constituído pelos seguintes subsistemas: compressão submarina de gás; bombeio elétrico submarino; separação submarina; tratamento e (re)injeção submarina de água e aquecimento ativo das linhas de fluxo. O quadro analítico se apoia nas funções do sistema tecnológico de inovação. As funções são analisadas a partir de dados de projetos demonstrativos, publicações científicas e patentes. Investiga-se como as interações entre as funções do sistema tecnológico se interconectam com o processo de emergência do processamento submarino nesse período. Identifica-se que as funções têm efeitos positivos para a introdução e difusão dessas novas tecnologias. O artigo contribui para o debate sobre políticas públicas e inovação em setores maduros, além de discutir o papel de países em desenvolvimento em áreas tecnológicas emergentes.
Financiamento à pesquisa em energia renovável no Brasil: uma análise a partir do Fundo Setorial de Energia
Authors: Ferreira Lindomayara França , Santana José Ricardo de , Rapini Márcia Siqueira , Moura Fábio Rodrigues de
Published: May 2022

Resumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a contribuição do Fundo Setorial de Energia do FNDCT para o fomento à pesquisa científica em energias renováveis no Brasil, por meio de um modelo Logit, para o período de 2011 a 2015. São realizadas estimações com estratégias adicionais, a fim de identificar o efeito regional e a contribuição das instituições de pesquisas sobre a produção científica em energias renováveis. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos a partir da base FNDCT/CNPq e do Currículo Lattes do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Os resultados obtidos demonstram um efeito marginal médio positivo do Fundo Setorial de Energia de 2,23% sobre a probabilidade de produção científica, dado um incremento de R$ 10.000,00 no financiamento. Com base nos resultados, é possível justificar a importância do financiamento público para pesquisa destinado às energias renováveis.
Efeitos de uma intervenção educativa com profissionais de enfermagem sobre abordagens ao paciente tabagista: estudo quase-experimental
Authors: Boni Fernanda Guarilha , da Rosa Yasmin Lorenz , Leite Renata Meirelles , Lopes Fernanda Machado , Echer Isabel Cristina
Published: May 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos de uma intervenção educativa sobre cessação do tabagismo direcionada à equipe de enfermagem. Método: estudo quase-experimental com 37 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital brasileiro de maio/2019 a dezembro/2020. A intervenção consistiu em capacitar profissionais de enfermagem sobre abordagens aos pacientes tabagistas, dividida em duas etapas, a primeira, online, pré-requisito para a presencial/videoconferência. O efeito da intervenção foi avaliado por meio do pré- e pós-teste preenchido pelos participantes. Também foram analisados registros em prontuários de pacientes fumantes. Para análise, utilizou-se o Teste do Qui-Quadrado de McNemar. Resultados: houve aumento da frequência das ações visando à cessação tabágica após a intervenção. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas em orientações relacionadas à divulgação aos familiares da decisão de parar de fumar e necessidade de apoio, incentivo à abstinência após alta hospitalar e informações sobre estratégias para cessação do tabaco e recaídas. Conclusão: a intervenção educativa se mostrou inovadora e com grande capacidade de difusão do conhecimento. O pós-teste evidenciou efeito positivo na frequência das ações visando à cessação tabágica implementadas pela equipe de enfermagem.
Razão oferta/necessidade de consultas médicas, exames de diagnóstico e acompanhamento da doença renal crônica no Sistema Único de Saúde: estudo descritivo, estado de São Paulo, 2019
Authors: Samaan Farid , Gutierrez Marcelo , Kirsztajn Gianna Mastroianni , Sesso Ricardo Cintra
Published: May 2022

Resumo Objetivo: Determinar a razão oferta/necessidade de procedimentos relacionados com o diagnóstico e assistência à doença renal crônica no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 2019. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, utilizando dados dos sistemas de informações ambulatoriais e hospitalares do SUS. Os números de consultas médicas e exames diagnósticos e de acompanhamento da doença renal realizados no período foram comparados com as estimativas de necessidade obtidas por diretrizes ministeriais. Resultados: Usuários exclusivos do SUS eram 28.791.244, e indivíduos com hipertensão e/ou diabetes mellitus, 5.176.188. O número de procedimentos realizados e a razão entre esse número e a necessidade da população foram de 389.414 consultas com nefrologista (85%); 11.540.371 dosagens de creatinina sérica (223%); 705.709 dosagens de proteinúria (14%); 438.123 ultrassonografias renais (190%); e 1.045 biópsias renais (36%). Conclusão: Na assistência à doença renal crônica no SUS existem, simultaneamente, falta de oferta, desperdício e rastreamento deficiente de procedimentos importantes.
O IMPACTO DO DIABETE MELITO TIPO 1 NOS PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS: ANÁLISE ATRAVÉS DE DESENHOS
Authors: Smaniotto Victoria , Pascolat Gilberto
Published: May 2022

Introdução: O diabete melito tipo 1 (DM1) é doença crônica, multifatorial, autoimune que tem por prevalência afetar crianças, adolescentes e em casos mais raro os jovens. As tensões emocionais e físicas acompanham o paciente e a família desde o momento em que foi feito o diagnóstico. Inicialmente ao se descobrir o DM1 uma série de restrições, novos hábitos passam a ser exigidos dos pacientes. Neste cenário é importante que a comunicação médico-paciente seja efetiva, que consiga lidar com todas estas adversidades. Objetivo: Verificar a qualidade de vida do paciente pediátrico diabético através de uma análise de desenho. Método: Estudo de análise qualitativa onde foram incluídos: a) pacientes maiores de 6 e menores que 14 anos capazes de desenhar; b) ter tempo mínimo de 6 meses de diagnóstico; c) ter sido aplicado e respondido questionário (PedsQL) de qualidade de vida pediátrica pelos responsáveis. Resultados: Os desenhos em geral giraram em torno da privação alimentar e dos procedimentos cotidianos, demostrando o real entendimento que a criança tem da doença desde os dilemas iniciais até os enfrentamentos diários cotidianos. Conclusão: Através da interpretação dos desenhos junto com os questionários aos pais, foi possível avaliar o impacto emocional da DM1 na vida das crianças, que se mostraram mais felizes e livres ao imaginarem a ausência da doença.
Report of RILEM TC 267-TRM phase 3: validation of the R3 reactivity test across a wide range of materials
Authors: Londono-Zuluaga Diana , Gholizadeh-Vayghan Asghar , Winnefeld Frank , Avet François , Ben Haha Mohsen , Bernal Susan A. , Cizer Özlem , Cyr Martin , Dolenec Sabina , Durdzinski Pawel , Haufe Johannes , Hooton Doug , Kamali-Bernard Siham , Li Xuerun , Marsh Alastair T. M. , Marroccoli Milena , Mrak Marusa , Muy Yeakleang , Patapy Cédric , Pedersen Malene , Sabio Serge , Schulze Simone , Snellings Ruben , Telesca Antonio , Vollpracht Anya , Ye Guang , Zhang Shizhe , Scrivener Karen L.
Published: May 2022

RILEM TC 267 TRM– “Tests for Reactivity of Supplementary Cementitious Materials” recommends the Rapid Reliable Relevant (R3) test as a method for determining the chemical reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in Portland cement blends. In this paper, the R3 test was applied to 52 materials from a wide range of conventional and alternative SCMs with the aim to validate such test. An excellent correlation was found between the cumulative heat release and the bound water determined following the R3 test method. Comparison of the R3 test results to mortar compressive strength development showed that all conventional SCMs (e.g. blast furnace slag and fly ashes) followed the same trend, with the notable exception of very reactive calcined kaolinitic clays. It is discussed, through an in-depth statistical regression analysis of the R3 reactivity test results and the 28 days relative compressive strengths, how reactivity threshold values for classification of the chemical reactivity of SCMs could be proposed based on the R3 test results.
Post-construction safety assessment of a high concrete face rockfill dam
Authors: Erayman Ergin , Cavus Ugur Safak , Yildiz Mustafa
Published: May 2022

The most important issue regarding the safety and performance of concrete face rockfill dams (CFRDs) is to determine stresses and deformations. However, predictions of crest settlements of CFRDs are usually performed using empirical relationships. In recent years, CFRDs have been constructed much higher and at more complicated topographical and geological dam sites, so numerical analysis is required to evaluate the stress and deformations in the entire dam body. Also, assessing long-term rockfill behaviour and the concrete face membrane crack potential are important for post-construction dam safety. This study evaluates post-construction deformations and crest settlements of a high CFRD under two different loading cases, considering the non-linear elasto-plastic behaviour of the rockfill structure. As a constitutive model, the Duncan–Chang hyperbolic stress–strain model was applied in finite-element simulations considering the failure criterion is isotropic and hardening. Calibration of the rockfill's hyperbolic parameters was performed by comparing the calculated displacements with actual settlement measurements. Computed crest settlements were also compared with those of some CFRDs given in the literature. Calculated crest settlement and other deformations are in good agreement with the rockfill settlement measurements and in acceptable ranges, and do not threaten the dam's safety.
Novel Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc Soluble Dietary Fibre-Starch Nanocomposite: Functional and Antioxidant Characteristics
Authors: Maphosa Yvonne , Jideani Victoria Adaora , Ikhu-Omoregbe Daniel Imwansi
Published: May 2022

Research background. Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is a great source of soluble dietary fibre and starch. Bambara groundnut soluble dietary fibre is rich in bioactive compounds, namely, uronic acids (11.8 %) and hydrolysable polyphenols (expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) 20 mg/g), with crucial physiological and functional benefits. The industrial use of native starch is limited because of the inherent undesirable attributes that render it unstable. The aim of this study is to characterise the antioxidant, functional and physicochemical properties of Bambara groundnut starch-soluble dietary fibre nanocomposite (hereafter groundnut nanocomposite).
Experimental approach. The pasting properties by rapid visco analysis, chemical composition, hydration properties, oil-binding capacity, emulsifying activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI) and antioxidant properties of Bambara groundnut starch, soluble fibre and nanocomposite were studied.
Results and conclusions. The Bambara groundnut soluble dietary fibre and nanocomposite did not exhibit typical pasting properties. The nanocomposite had high mass fraction of carbohydrates (78.7 %) and proteins (7.0 %), low mass fraction of fat (0.8 %) and had a considerable mass fraction of ash (4.9 %). The Bambara groundnut starch, soluble dietary fibre and nanocomposite showed significant (p<0.001) differences in solubility. Their EAI values were 23.2, 85.7 and 90.6 %, respectively, and the ESI values were 23.3, 87.1 and 87.5 %, respectively. The three biopolymers differed significantly (p<0.001) in all colour characteristics: lightness (L*), redness/greenness (a*), yellowness/blueness (b*), chroma and hue angles. Their polyphenolic mass fraction, expressed as GAE, was 0.10, 6.6 and 0.46 mg/g, respectively, and their ferric reducing antioxidant power values, expressed as ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE), were 1.2, 4.8 and 1.4 μmol/g, respectively. The phenolic compounds (in mg/g): chlorogenic acid 18, monocrotaline 20, luteolin 7-O-(6’’-malonylglucoside) 4 and casuarine 6-α-d-glucoside 27 were present in the dietary fibre but absent from the starch and nanocomposite. The Bambara groundnut nanocomposite possesses desirable physicochemical and antioxidant properties, making it suitable as an ingredient in various food systems.
Novelty and scientific contribution. Nanocomposites have the potential to revolutionise the food industry but their study as food ingredients is very limited. Furthermore, nothing is known about the physicochemical, functional and antioxidant characteristics of Bambara groundnut nanocomposite, thus investigating these properties will address this knowledge gap.
EFEK NITROCARBURIZING PADA MATERIAL LOW CARBON STEEL TERHADAP KETAHANAN KOROSI DAN KEKERASAN
Authors: Al Afghani Fajar , Hermawan Erwan , Shaleha Siti
Published: May 2022

EFEK NITROCARBURIZING PADA MATERIAL LOW CARBON STEEL TERHADAP KETAHANAN KOROSI DAN KEKERASAN. Penggunaan baja saat ini mengalami pertumbuhan yang cukup pesat. Material baja karbon rendah banyak digunakan pada fasilitas di Instalasi Radiometalurgi, BATAN, terutama untuk komponen struktur konveyor, rantai, gerigi dan sebagainya. Penggunaannya yang semakin masif sehingga berbagai macam perkembangan pada material baja dilakukan. Salah satunya adalah dengan meningkatkan kualitas baja agar dapat digunakan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas baja adalah dengan proses nitrokarburasi. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengaruh proses nitrocarburizing  terhadap laju korosi. Proses nitrocarburizing  dilakukan pada beberapa sampel dengan temperatur yang berbeda dan gas yang sama. Peningkatan temperatur pada proses nitrocarburizing  menghasilkan permukaan spesimen yang lebih keras. Peningkatan kekerasan diperoleh berdasarkan perbedaan temperatur yang meningkat dari 192 HV untuk sampel sebelum dinitrocarburizing  menjadi 793 HV untuk sampel nitrocaburizing 450 ºC. Selain itu ketahanan korosi meningkat dengan meningkatnya temperatur nitrocarburizing. Proses nitrocarburizing  menyebabkan difusi atom-atom C dan N sehingga membentuk compound layer, diffusion layer, dan transition layer yang terdiri dari lapisan ε-Fe2-3N, γ’- Fe4N, Fe2(N, C)1-z menjadikan lapisan permukaan material menjadi keras dan resistan terhadap korosi. Kata Kunci: Nitrocarburizing , korosi, kekerasan, low carbon steel
A tanulási zavar elmélete és diagnosztikája – tanulási zavarral küzdő tanulók kompenzálásának segítése
Authors: Vida Gergő
Published: May 2022

Students with learning disabilities are identified by cognitive tests and special educational tools to assess learning ability. The connection between cognitive ability and learning disability is assumed. The identification of a learning disorder is based on the detection of cognitive and ability deficits. The aim of the presented research is to explore the theory guiding the investigation. In our country, education of children with learning disabilities is integrated. However, a problem may be that inclusive education and a deficit-oriented traditional view are not compatible. Research has shown that cognitive deficits alone do not imply learning deficits. A conceptual distinction cannot be made directly in terms of learning disability and based on measurement results. Research into the background of learning disability has also shown that diagnostics cannot always be linked to test results in the practice under investigation. Several deficit-oriented views and attitudes can be identified in the domestic education system. Qualitative research of expert opinions summarizing the test results may reveal the relevant variables and the theory driving the categorization. Practice and available theories can then be compared. This can answer the question of the relevance of identifying and categorising learning disabilities in an inclusive education model.
Public awareness of correctional education carried out in juvenile correctional facilities
Authors: Izsák Hajnalka
Published: May 2022

Special education developed for juvenile delinquents is intended to reduce recidivism, assist their entry and reintegration in society as productive citizens, to develop and strengthen delinquents’ self-esteem, sense of responsibility and social utility, close learning gaps, as well as to address the deficiencies in their social, communication, emotional, cultural and learning skills and abilities. Our research aims at providing insight into the perception, awareness of, as well as knowledge and opinions of members of the public related to the education carried out in juvenile correctional facilities. As the social reintegration of former delinquents is a problem affecting the whole society, the public need to be made aware of issues related to juvenile delinquency and correctional institutions, in order to dispel negative perceptions of correctional education and of former juvenile offenders.
The organizational power applied by school principals and its effect on teachers’ perception of power distance
Authors: ZIBLIM Lukman , ERTÜRK Abbas
Published: May 2022

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between the power types used by school principals and the power distance perceptions of teachers. The population is composed of the teachers in Mugla (Turkey) and Tamale (Ghana). The sample is made up of 384 teachers from Mugla and 407 teachers from Tamale. The data used in this research were collected using Power Type Scale and Power Distance Scale, both of which were developed in schools. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics were used in determining teachers' views of the power types used by school principals and the teachers' power distance perceptions. T-test was used in determining the differences in opinions and perceptions regarding the power types and power distance according to the demographic variables considered in this study. In the statistical analysis made; 0.5 was chosen as the significant value. According to the findings of the research, Mugla and Tamale principals exhibited the same order of preference in the power types they employ. Mugla principals and Tamale principals used reward power and legitimate power respectively at statistically significant levels. Regarding power distance, Tamale teachers' perceptions in all the dimensions of power distance were higher than Mugla teachers' perceptions at statistically significant levels. In both Mugla and Tamale samples, power types used by principals were found to be very good predictors of teachers' power distance perceptions.
Transition to Modular System during the Pandemic: A Study from a Distant EFL Program
Authors: KUZU Esat , TURAL Pınar , BEAKTAŞ ÇETİNKAY Yeşim
Published: May 2022

Modular systems, which involve several self-contained modules where skills and knowledge are developed in separate units throughout the program, are gaining popularity in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). This qualitative study aimed to reveal language instructors’ and administrators’ experiences and opinions about an online modular teaching system adopted newly due to the pandemic in an English preparatory program of a tertiary level of a state university in Turkey. Data were gathered through individual semi-structured interviews from with five instructors and three administrators and observations of online classrooms. Thematic analysis was utilized to form systematic patterns from the data. The results revealed that although the modular system provided clear goals and objectives for both instructors and learners, a number of challenges and obstacles were experienced, stemming primarily from the online implementation of the modular system, such as learners’ lack of engagement in the absence of physical classroom environment, online assessment, and instructors’ increased workload. These issues led to confusion for instructors regarding the true nature of the modular system. It could be concluded that it would be more productive to implement the modular system as a hybrid model, allowing for some face-to-face interaction and assessment, rather than relying solely on the online mode.
What is the consequence of metals on human health?
Authors: Rubí Rodríguez-Díaz , Raquel Blanes-Zamora , Jorge Gómez-Rodríguez , Arturo Hardisson , Soraya Paz , González-Dávila E
Published: May 2022

The Industrial Revolution has caused increasing amounts of pollution in the environment that has exposed the global population to various agents called environmental contaminants or pollutants, which are toxic metals, as well as smoking or radiation, and may cause epigenetic modifications related to health outcomes in the later stages of life, including cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, and neurological conditions, that may be influenced by epigenetic mechanisms triggered in intrauterine and neonatal life.
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Authors: not provided s
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Authors: not provided huumangummiesreviews
Published: May 2022

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Authors: H John
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Authors: Kumar Sonu
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NARRATIVAS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE ROTEIROS DE VIDEOAULAS NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Fontes Ana Juliana , Arrabal Maria De Oliveira
Published: May 2022

Entre as diversas mídias que vêm sendo utilizadas no ensino, o vídeo tem papel de destaque por sua fluidez de disseminação, principalmente com o advento tecnológico de plataformas multimídias e a utilização crescente de dispositivos móveis, que promovem a facilidade de gravação e produção por parte de usuários e profissionais com aplicativos, ferramentas, programas de gravação e edição que potencializam sua produção. O trabalho faz um relato sobre a produção de videoaulas para ambientes de ensino online, o objetivo é sugerir narrativas que sirvam como estrutura de roteiro para construir esses produtos. Para isso se baseia em conceitos de trazidos por Castells (2010) de sociedade em rede, educação a distância e em rede (GOMEZ 2014; MULLER, SOUZA, 2020), mídia e conhecimento (PERASSI, MENEGHEL, 2011), roteirização e produção audiovisual (MOLETTA, 2019). A descrição desse know-how é fruto da consolidação e constante utilização de protótipos audiovisuais em propostas educacionais produzidas nos anos de 2018 a 2020, tendo como base um corpus de 5884 vídeoaulas para parametrizar os modelos de roteiros propostos. A metodologia utilizada foi o design thinking (BROWN, 2010) pois ele permite acompanhar o processo produtivo durante todo o desenvolver dos produtos, o que viabiliza a descrição e análise de cada etapa envolvida, considerando a visão de uma equipe multidisciplinar que atua de forma interdisciplinar.
MUITO ALÉM DAS PALAVRAS: LINGUAGEM, TERRITÓRIOS E SOCIABILIDADES DAS THEMONIAS EM BELÉM
Authors: Do Corral Vieira Manuela , Cardoso Luz Matheus Henrique
Published: May 2022

O trabalho analisa a linguagem das themonias, grupo de drags da cidade de Belém e tem o objetivo de compreender a comunicação/fala a partir dos contextos sociopolíticos e culturais em espaços praticados e de sociabilidades. Com metodologia etnográfica foram analisadas palavras, neologismos e outras formas de expressão que constituem o “vocabulário das themonias”. Os eixos de análise são o desenvolvimento de sociabilidades específicas sob a ótica de Simmel; a execução de performances artísticas, conforme estudados por Butler, que ressignificam as estruturas de gênero e sexualidade e a linguagem enquanto esfera de comunicação e o desenvolvimento de espaços praticados em Deleuze e Guattari. Conclui-se que há a construção de territórios por meio das práticas de comunicação e de linguagem, tanto no que tange a construção de afetividades, quanto como processo de demarcação de quem participa ou não do jogo interacional e que fortalece o sentimento de grupo.
POLIFONIA E MEMÓRIA A PARTIR DO FEED RSS: A PERENIDADE DO PODCAST DA “MENSAGEM DO DIA”
Authors: Ferreira Junior José , Carneiro dos Santos Márcio , Lima de Sousa Jefferson Saylon
Published: May 2022

Objetiva-se debater a polifonia no podcast e o surgimento de um espaço para manter a tradição das mensagens de otimismo. Para a discussão sobre memória e mídia se utiliza como corpus o podcast “Mensagem do Dia” da Rádio Mirante AM (São Luís/MA), na voz do radialista Roberto Fernandes, vítima da Covid-19 em 2020. Com o potencial para consumo, advindo do surgimento do podcast no ciberespaço, em especial a funcionalidade do Feed RSS, destaca-se a relevância do conceito de polifonia, na sua matriz referenciada pelo pensamento de Mikhail Bakhtin, problematizando-se a categoria mediante a possibilidade de uma memória construída a partir dos meios de comunicação com suas interfaces em dispositivos digitais. Adota-se a metodologia de análise pragmática da narrativa em diálogo com a categoria de performance de Paul Zumthor.  Na parte final, sinaliza-se para um cenário tradutório das narrativas e práticas radiofônicas a partir do podcast como documento.
O SUCESSO EM ANÁLISE: UM ACONTECIMENTO SEM NTICO EM PENSAR BEM NOS FAZ BEM!
Authors: Soares Thiago Barbosa
Published: May 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo pelo qual a forma sucesso constitui-se em sentido na obra Pensar bem nos faz bem!, escrita por Mário Sérgio Cortella (2013). Para isto recorremos à semântica do acontecimento (GUIMARÃES, 2004, 2005, 2007) por fornecer tal ferramental com bastante precisão. Portanto, a fim de analisar o processo pelo qual a forma sucesso constitui sentido na obra citada, este artigo estará organizado da seguinte forma: em um primeiro momento, apresentamos um ferramental enunciativo-discursivo no qual descrevemos o aparato conceitual da semântica do acontecimento em empreender nossa investigação. Em um segundo momento, desenvolvemos a aplicação dos procedimentos da semântica do acontecimento para analisar o sucesso e, posteriormente, nas considerações finais, apreciamos, avaliamos e pensamos, entre outras, a construção dos sentidos de sucesso na referida obra.
OS FATOS POLÍTICOS DA VENEZUELA (2017) NA IMPRENSA ALTERNATIVA: PERCEPÇÕES DOS RECEPTORES
Authors: Assumpção Douglas Junio Fernandes , De Souza Marcio Paiva , Corrêa Andrea Oliveira
Published: May 2022

Esse artigo apresenta algumas percepções sobre os fatos políticos da Venezuela (2017) cobertos pela imprensa alternativa. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, na perspectiva da etnometodologia, recortando e recompondo fragmentos de histórias orais sobre o processo de cobertura da crise da Venezuela, no sentido de construir um espaço comunicacional, interacional com os entrevistados. Fez-se a reflexão que o Jornalismo Alternativo eclodiu em meio à jornalistas, manifestantes, estudantes, intelectuais, dentre outros, na perspectiva de transmitir o dinamismo político-social em tempo real, contudo, é sublinhada a questão da imparcialidade, e do “livre”.
O EMPREENDEDORISMO EM SÃO LUÍS: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DA ECONOMIA DA CONFIANÇA
Authors: Baia Larissa Maria dos Santos , Costa Ramon Bezerra
Published: May 2022

A partir da apresentação do conceito da economia da confiança (COSTA, 2018), enquanto um processo de vinculação social, isto é, comunicacional (SODRÉ, 2014), este artigo reflete sobre a relação entre os modelos de negócios da economia da confiança e o cenário do empreendedorismo da cidade de São Luís (MA). Utilizamos revisão e análise bibliográfica sobre a economia da confiança e o empreendedorismo, que nos serviu como base para entendermos as teorias sobre esses assuntos e fundamentar entrevistas semiestruturadas, que foram realizadas com sete pessoas que atuam no ambiente empreendedor da cidade de diferentes formas, seja na produção, no consumo e na circulação de bens e serviços. Essas estratégias nos ajudaram a entender os aspectos centrais da relação entre os modelos de negócios da economia da confiança e o cenário do empreendedorismo de São Luís (MA). Ao final da pesquisa, elaboramos quadros com as características do empreendedorismo de São Luís (MA) a partir dos três eixos da economia da confiança.
Constitutional Foundations of the Welfare State in the Context of the 2020 Constitutional Reform
Authors: Kurdanova M. Kh.
Published: May 2022

The proclamation of Russia as a social state in Article 7 of the Constitution prior to the constitutional reform of 2020 was not filled with real legal content. This gave rise to scientific ideas about the dismantling of the concept of the welfare state and, subsequently, a social demand for changes in the interaction of the state and society. The goals of economic development relevant to modern Russia are unattainable without changing the constitutional order of the activities of public authorities at all levels. At the same time, their implementation is impossible in the absence of public support. In the course of the Reform, a number of new legal safeguards were created, the duties of the state in terms of improving the welfare of the population were established, and the responsible attitude of public authorities to their implementation was provided. This ensured constitutional initiatives with the support of voters, and the procedure of the all-Russian vote gave the people’s will the appearance of a final decision approved by society as a whole. The purpose of the study is to provide the legal assessment of constitutional development in conjunction with the establishment of a list of social guarantees demanded by Russian citizens. On the basis of generally accepted scientific methods, the paper analyzes the key social initiatives that emerged during the Constitutional Reform and the provisions of legislation adopted to improve the standard of living. Particular attention is paid to assessing the effectiveness of political and legal decisions in the context of countering the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic development of the country. The paper explains the role of the head of the state as a generator of constitutional and legal ideas that ensured the transformation of relations within the constitutional mechanism of separation of powers and laid the basis for a new socio-economic strategy for the development of the Russian state.
A Digital Ruble as a New Form of Money
Authors: Turbanov A. V.
Published: May 2022

The paper is devoted to the definition of forms of money. The author disputes the correctness of the division of money into fully valid and invalid money, proves that there is no invalid money. The division of forms of money into cash and non-cash is made from a substantial point of view (material substance and ideal substance) and it is argued that within the framework of this classification there are no other forms of money, only varieties of these forms. The author shows the change in the forms of money depending on the degree of development of production forces and production relations. The paper provides describtions of characteristics of cash forms of money (metal and paper) and non-cash (records on bank accounts, electronic money, digital currency). At the same time, the so-called cryptocurrency is not a currency (money). It is a monetary surrogate and a kind of digital financial assets. The nature and form of the currency created on the basis of digital technologies by central banks is considered. It is concluded that the digital ruble in its form will become fully valid money — a kind of non-cash money issued by the central bank.