bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do related party transactions affect family firm valuations?
Authors: Kohlbeck Mark , Seung (Grace) Lee Hye , Mayhew Brian , Salas Jesus M.
Published: December 2022

We examine the likelihood and value relevance of related party transactions in family firms. Based on an extensive hand‐collected sample, we find that founder‐led family firms are more likely to enter into related party transactions than other firms. We also find that the founder‐led family firm valuation premium is reduced when these firms disclose related party transactions, especially opportunistic related party transactions. We also examine the significant change in related party transaction reporting regulations enacted in 2006 and find that it led to a decline in the number of value‐decreasing related party transactions for founder‐led family firms. We find a corresponding decrease in the detrimental effect of related party transactions on founder‐led family firms’ valuation. Our results suggest that changes in the 2006 SEC related party transaction reporting regulations better protected minority shareholders from wealth extraction via related party transactions in founder‐led family firms.
Clinical practice guideline for kangaroo mother care in preterm and low birth weight infants
Authors: Li Yingxin , Hu Yanlin , Chen Qiong , Li Xiaowen , Tang Jun , Xu Tao , Feng Zhichun , Mu Dezhi ,   Evidence‐Based Medicine Group, Neonatologist Society, Chinese Medical Doctor Association
Published: December 2022

Kangaroo mother care has reduced mortality and morbidity in preterm and low birth weight infants and has many benefits, such as promoting breastfeeding. Based on the current evidence in China and international, we developed a clinical practice guideline for kangaroo mother care in preterm and low birth weight infants using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation and proposed 34 recommendations for 20 key questions. Our goal is to promote the appropriate implementation of kangaroo mother care in clinical practice.
Characterizing health services interventions for evidence syntheses by using the theme, intensity, provider/platform (TIP) framework
Authors: Dhippayom Teerapon , Saldanha Ian J. , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Devine Beth
Published: December 2022

Health services interventions comprise a range of elements and procedures that contribute to their effects. However, there is currently limited guidance to systematically classify different features of health services interventions. We propose an approach to aid in classifying health services interventions using three potential elements: theme, intensity, and provider/platform (TIP). We designed the TIP framework to be analogous to three elements of a medication intervention that contribute to its pharmaceutical effects: 1) active ingredient, 2) dose, and 3) dosage form or route of administration. Health services interventions encompass similar elements: 1) “theme”, which corresponds to the active ingredient and specifies the main element of the intervention; 2) “intensity”, which corresponds to the dose regimen; and 3) “provider” or “platform”, which corresponds to the dosage form or route of administration and indicates how the main element is delivered. Each health services intervention can be classified into a set of unique TIP features, which can then be compared with others using either a qualitative or qualitative approach. The TIP framework is not suitable for multicomponent health services interventions, in which a singular main theme or active component cannot be identified. The TIP framework enables researchers to systematically characterize health services interventions according to their unique features that contribute to its effects. It also helps to generate evidence to determine not only what service is more effective, but also how to best deliver such service.
A novel secreted protein, NISP1, is phosphorylated by soybean Nodulation Receptor Kinase to promote nodule symbiosis
Authors: Fu Baolan , Xu Zhipeng , Lei Yutao , Dong Ru , Wang Yanan , Guo Xiaoli , Zhu Hui , Cao Yangrong , Yan Zhe
Published: December 2022

Nodulation Receptor Kinase (NORK) functions as a co‐receptor of Nod factor receptors to mediate rhizobial symbiosis in legumes, but its direct phosphorylation substrates that positively mediate root nodulation remain to be fully identified. Here, we identified a GmNORK‐Interacting Small Protein (GmNISP1) that functions as a phosphorylation target of GmNORK to promote soybean nodulation. GmNORKα directly interacted with and phosphorylated GmNISP1. Transcription of GmNISP1 was strongly induced after rhizobial infection in soybean roots and nodules. GmNISP1 encodes a peptide containing 90 amino acids with a “DY” consensus motif at its N‐terminus. GmNISP1 protein was detected to be present in the apoplastic space. Phosphorylation of GmNISP1 by GmNORKα could enhance its secretion into the apoplast. Pretreatment with either purified GmNISP1 or phosphorylation‐mimic GmNISP112D on the roots could significantly increase nodule numbers compared with the treatment with phosphorylation‐inactive GmNISP112A. The data suggested a model that soybean GmNORK phosphorylates GmNISP1 to promote its secretion into the apoplast, which might function as a potential peptide hormone to promote root nodulation.
Predictors of Parent‐Infant Bonding Among Postpartum Chinese Mothers and Fathers
Authors: Ngai Fei‐Wan , Lam Winsome
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The emotional bond that parents feel with their child is a crucial determinant of the child's psychosocial well‐being and future development. Few studies have evaluated the predictive roles of depressive symptoms, relationship satisfaction, and family sense of coherence in the quality of parent‐infant bonding for both parents during the perinatal period. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive effects of depressive symptoms, relationship satisfaction, and family sense of coherence during pregnancy; changes thereof from pregnancy to 6 weeks postpartum; and the partner's bond with the infant on the quality of parent‐infant bonding at 6 weeks postpartum in Chinese mothers and fathers.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of data from an intervention study. A convenience sample of 231 Chinese childbearing couples was recruited from the antenatal clinics of public hospitals in Hong Kong. Parent‐infant bonding, depressive symptoms, relationship satisfaction, and family sense of coherence were measured using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and Family Sense of Coherence Scale during pregnancy and at 6 weeks postpartum.

Results

The findings indicated that higher depressive symptoms during pregnancy and poor partner bonding with the infant were the major predictors of impaired parent‐infant bonding at 6 weeks postpartum for both parents. Prenatal relationship satisfaction was not a significant predictor of parent‐infant bonding at 6 weeks postpartum for either parent. Prenatal family sense of coherence was a strong predictor of parent‐infant bonding for mothers but not for fathers.

Discussion

The findings highlight the significant effects of depressive symptoms, family sense of coherence, and the partner's bond with the infant on parent‐infant bonding during the perinatal period. Comprehensive early prenatal programs that promote parental well‐being and strengthen family sense of coherence should be integrated into existing perinatal services to promote the quality of parent‐infant bonding for both parents.
Evaluation and Treatment of Vulvodynia: State of the Science
Authors: Schlaeger Judith M. , Glayzer Jennifer E. , Villegas‐Downs Michelle , Li Hongjin , Glayzer Edward J. , He Ying , Takayama Miho , Yajima Hiroyoshi , Takakura Nobuari , Kobak William H. , McFarlin Barbara L.
Published: December 2022

Vulvodynia affects 7% of American women, yet clinicians often lack awareness of its presentation. It is underdiagnosed and often misdiagnosed as vaginitis. The etiology of vulvodynia remains unknown, making it difficult to identify or develop effective treatment methods. The purpose of this article is to (1) review the presentation and evaluation of vulvodynia, (2) review the research on vulvodynia treatments, and (3) aid the clinician in the selection of vulvodynia treatment methods. The level of evidence to support vulvodynia treatment varies from case series to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Oral desipramine with 5% lidocaine cream, intravaginal diazepam tablets with intravaginal transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), botulinum toxin type A 50 units, enoxaparin sodium subcutaneous injections, intravaginal TENS (as a single therapy), multimodal physical therapy, overnight 5% lidocaine ointment, and acupuncture had the highest level of evidence with at least one RCT or comparative effectiveness trial. Pre to posttest reduction in vulvar pain and/or dyspareunia in non‐RCT studies included studies of gabapentin cream, amitriptyline cream, amitriptyline with baclofen cream, up to 6 weeks’ oral itraconazole therapy, multimodal physical therapy, vaginal dilators, electromyography biofeedback, hypnotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, cold knife vestibulectomy, and laser therapy. There is a lack of rigorous RCTs with large sample sizes for the treatment of vulvodynia, rendering it difficult to determine efficacy of most treatment methods. Clinicians will be guided in the selection of best treatments for vulvodynia that have the highest level of evidence and are least invasive.
‘I eat to not die’: Diet and exercise experiences of older adults living alone
Authors: Choi MoonKi , Bae Juyeon
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Living alone is a critical health risk factor among older adults. Regular exercise and a balanced diet are important for maintaining an independent and healthy life. However, it can be more difficult for older adults living alone to maintain healthy exercise and dietary habits due to their lack of social support. This study aimed to explore the life changes that accompany living alone and their needs, focussing on exercise and diet.

Methods

This was a qualitative descriptive study. Purposeful sampling was conducted to recruit community‐dwelling older adults living alone. Thematic analyses were applied to analyse the qualitative data collected from semistructured interviews.

Results

Fifteen subjects, including 5 men and 10 women, participated in the interviews. The median age was 77 years, ranging from 66 to 88, and the median duration of living alone was 16 years, ranging from 3 to 35. Six main themes were developed, namely unavoidable difficulties of living alone: lack of someone to depend on and loneliness, just eating ‘to not die’, exercise that is good for health but hard to do consistently, conflict between maintaining independence and dependence on others, coping with available resources, and resources needed for regular exercise and a balanced diet.

Conclusion

Living alone leads to poor dietary habits, such as skipping meals or insufficient food intake. Food security should be ensured through the reinforcement of social support, financial assistance and the operation of public cafeterias. In addition, an individually tailored group exercise programme that can meet the need for social interaction and improve self‐efficacy would help older adults living alone maintain regular exercise habits.
Comparative performance of distinct frailty measures among patients undergoing percutaneous left atrial appendage closure
Authors: Wang Allen , Ferro Enrico G , Xu Jiaman , Song Yang , Sun Tianyu , Strom Jordan B , Kim Dae H , Yeh Robert W. , Ko Darae , Kramer Daniel B
Published: December 2022

Aims

Frailty is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). This study aimed to compare the performance of two claims‐based frailty measures in predicting adverse outcomes following LAAC.

Methods

We identified patients 66 years and older who underwent LAAC between October 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, in Medicare fee‐for‐service claims. Frailty was assessed using the previously validated Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) and Kim Claims‐based Frailty Index (CFI). Patients were identified as frail based on HFRS ≥5 and CFI ≥0.25.

Results

Of the 21,787 patients who underwent LAAC, frailty was identified in 45.6% by HFRS and 15.4% by CFI. There was modest agreement between the two frailty measures (kappa 0.25, Pearson's correlation 0.62). After adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities, frailty was associated with higher risk of 30‐day mortality, 1‐year mortality, 30‐day readmission, long hospital stay, and reduced days at home (p < .01 for all) regardless of the frailty measure used. The addition of frailty to standard comorbidities significantly improved model performance to predict 1‐year mortality, long hospital stay, and reduced days at home (Delong p‐value < .001).

Conclusion

Despite significant variation in frailty detection and modest agreement between the two frailty measures, frailty status remained highly predictive of mortality, readmissions, long hospital stay, and reduced days at home among patients undergoing LAAC. Measuring frailty in clinical practice, regardless of the method used, may provide prognostic information useful for patients being considered for LAAC, and may inform shared decision‐making in this population.
Ant and plant diversity respond differently to seed‐based prairie restoration
Authors: Paraskevopoulos Anna W. , Catano Christopher P. , Brudvig Lars A.
Published: December 2022

Recovering biodiversity is a common goal of restoration, yet outcomes for animal communities are highly variable. A major reason for this variability may be that active restoration efforts typically target plant communities, with the assumption that animal communities will passively recover in turn. However, this assumption remains largely unvalidated experimentally making it unclear how plant‐focused restoration strategies influence animal communities. We evaluated how the diversity of seed mixes used to restore tallgrass prairies (a common plant‐focused technique) influenced the recovery of ant community diversity and composition. Our study took place within a large‐scale restoration experiment in southwest Michigan, where 12 former agricultural fields are being restored to tallgrass prairie by sowing seeds of prairie plant species native to our region. Half of each field was seeded with 12 prairie species and the other half with 72 prairie species. Sites restored with high diversity seed mixes increased plant species richness, but did not consistently influence ant richness or community composition. Instead, ant species richness and composition were related to an interaction between realized plant species richness (which was only partly structured by seeding treatments) and environmental structure. Specifically, ant richness increased more with higher realized plant richness when vegetation cover was lower and soil‐surface temperatures were higher. Our findings illustrate how plant and animal communities can respond differently to plant‐focused restoration efforts. Despite this, plant community restoration can structure animal community responses, in concert with environmental factors. Layering additional restoration strategies onto existing plant‐focused approaches may further benefit biodiversity across taxa.
Putting social into agricultural sustainability: Integrating assessments of quality of life and wellbeing into farm sustainability indicators
Authors: Brennan Mary , Hennessy Thia , Dillon Emma , Meredith David
Published: December 2022

The measurement of societal wellbeing has moved beyond gross domestic product and has emerged as an important factor within the paradigm of holistic sustainability assessment, including agricultural sustainability. At this juncture, knowledge gaps exist between agricultural policy priorities and data infrastructure to evaluate social sustainability issues, particularly regarding farmer sustainability. This study aims to address this gap through the development of a Farmer Sustainability Index (FSI), a composite index comprising three dimensions: farm continuity, community and social connections and farmer comfort. Socio‐demographic data were extracted from both core and supplementary EU Farm Accountancy Data Network data from the 2018 Teagasc National Farm Survey in Ireland. Statistical analysis was undertaken to compare the distribution of FSI and the individual dimension scores for farms across three socio‐demographic variables: farm system, farmer age cohort and region. The FSI results demonstrate that cattle farmers, farmers over 60 years of age and those residing in regions with poorer infrastructure experience lower levels of sustainability in comparison to other farmers, while the variation in FSI dimension scores identifies numerous sustainability risks to farms with differing socio‐demographic constructs. It is important for agricultural policy to be cognisant of these differences and the relational nature of these risks, to meaningfully address matters pertaining to sustainability, and the FSI provides an effective tool to assist policy in this regard.
Metabolic depletion of sphingolipids inhibits agonist‐induced endocytosis of the serotonin1Areceptor
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Sarkar Parijat , Chattopadhyay Amitabha
Published: December 2022

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are vital cellular signaling machinery and currently represent ~40% drug targets. Endocytosis of GPCRs is an important process that allows stringent spatiotemporal control over receptor population on the cell surface. Although the role of proteins in GPCR endocytosis is well addressed, the contribution of membrane lipids in this process is rather unexplored. Sphingolipids are essential functional lipids in higher eukaryotes and are implicated in several neurological functions. To understand the role of sphingolipids in GPCR endocytosis, we subjected cells expressing human serotonin1Areceptors (an important neurotransmitter GPCR involved in cognitive and behavioral functions) to metabolic sphingolipid depletion using fumonisin B1, an inhibitor of sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. Our results, using flow cytometric analysis and confocal microscopic imaging, show that sphingolipid depletion inhibits agonist‐induced endocytosis of the serotonin1Areceptor in a concentration‐dependent manner, which was restored when sphingolipid levels were replenished. We further show that there was no change in the internalization of transferrin, a marker for clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, under sphingolipid‐depleted condition, highlighting the specific requirement of sphingolipids for endocytosis of serotonin1Areceptors. Our results reveal the regulatory role of sphingolipids in GPCR endocytosis and highlight the importance of neurotransmitter receptor trafficking in health and disease.
“‘WE' AND ‘THEY'”: WHY MUST WE ENGAGE IN CROSS‐CULTURAL CONVERSATION?
Authors: Balslev Anindita N.
Published: December 2022

This article contains the principal ideas that I presented in four different sessions at the IRAS 2022 conference, on the theme “‘We' and ‘They’: Cross‐Cultural Conversation on Identity.” Focusing on the central topic, the article begins with (i) the contents of my opening lecture; followed by (ii) a broad outline of the concerns discussed in my book, Cross‐Cultural Conversation: A New Way of Learning, intertwined with glimpses of the intellectual journey that led me to CCC, delivered in the Book‐discussion session; (iii) a summary of the main ideas about the importance of meeting of religions today, which formed the background for the CCC Panel discussion on religion, where I was in conversation with spokespersons of five world religions; and (iv) my comments on how science–religion dialogue can help promote a sense for human solidarity by combining knowledge with wisdom, in the concluding session.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of High Load Turbine Blade Tip Cavity Structures
Authors: Chen Yingjie , Jiang Dengyu , Du Zhengshuai , Wang Songtao
Published: December 2022

Leakage flow loss is an important factor affecting the aerodynamic efficiency of turbines. In this paper, experimental and numerical computational studies were used to investigate three different tips of a highly loaded turbine rotor. The single-cavity tip formed by squealers was considered as the original structure. Based on this, two improved structures were developed, namely, cavity winglet tip (CWT) and double-cavity combined winglet tip (DCWT). Five-hole probe and oil flow visualization were used for experimental studies, and numerical calculations were used to analyze vortex system structure and loss development. It was found that the double-cavity combined winglet tip structure can effectively change the vortex structure inside the cavity and reduce the leakage flowrate. At the same time, the aerodynamic performance was optimized by 4%.
Implicit Integration Algorithm for Solving Evolution of Microstructural Vectors Based on Eulerian Formulation in Plane Stress Condition
Authors: Lee Eun-Ho
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a mathematical formulation and implicit numerical algorithm for solving the integral of a three-dimensional momentum balance based on the inelastic evolution of microstructural vectors for thin plates in Eulerian formulation. A recent theoretical discussion (Lee and Rubin, 2020, “Modeling Anisotropic Inelastic Effects in Sheet Metal Forming Using Microstructural Vectors—Part I: Theory,” Int. J. Plast., 134, p. 102783. 10.1016/j.ijplas.2020.102783) showed that Eulerian constitutive equation based on microstructural vectors for thin plates has the advantage of capturing the anisotropic behavior of the material axis with insensitivity to the randomness of the reference configuration. However, all the discussions were theoretically conducted only at a local material point in homogeneous deformation conditions, which do not require consideration of the momentum balance with flexible velocity gradients in a three-dimensional volume. For usability, numerical algorithms are needed to solve evolution of the microstructural vectors in the three-dimensional space. This paper presents the first numerical algorithm to solve the inelastic evolution of microstructural vectors in the Eulerian formulation. A generalized material coordinated system is matched to the microstructural vectors in a three-dimensional space by considering the Eulerian constitutive equations insensitive to the superposed rigid body motions (SRBM). Numerical algorithms were then introduced to implicitly solve the nonlinear momentum balance, evolution of the microstructural vectors, and tangent modulus. The formula and numerical algorithms were validated by predicting the tension tests when the principal loading angle varied from the reference axis. The results show that the proposed numerical algorithm can describe the evolution of the microstructure based on the Eulerian formulation.
Enhancement of the Carbon Content and Electrochemical Performance by Decorating Zinc Oxide Over Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Composite
Authors: Arumugam Chandrasekaran , Kandasamy Senthil Kumar , Kumaravel Subramaniam Tamilselvan
Published: December 2022

An optimized electrode is the main requirement for energy-based applications such as supercapacitors. In this work, a ternary composite made up of graphene oxide (GO), polyaniline (PANI), and zinc oxide (ZnO), as an electrode material for supercapacitors was discussed with its structural and electrochemical properties. To attain this: (i) modified Hummers’ method, (ii) in-situ polymerization method, and (iii) hydrothermal method were employed. Synergistic effects between these materials provided efficient electrode materials with porous structure and high specific capacitance. The electrochemical properties of the samples were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge and discharge measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 6 M KOH electrolyte. The ternary composite exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 278 F g−1 at 1 A g−1.
Analysis of Dynamic System Risks Where Pipelines Cross Slow-Moving Landslides
Authors: Porter Michael , Van Hove Joel , Barlow Pete
Published: December 2022

Pipelines are often constructed across dormant or normally slow-moving landslides. The potential for pipeline failure in response to landslide movement depends on several factors. These include the likelihoods of different landslide velocities being realized, the probabilities that movements physically impact the pipeline, the capacity of the pipeline to accommodate landslide displacements, and the ability of operators to detect and respond to deteriorating conditions. Each of these factors is difficult to predict but estimating the probabilities of landslide velocity transitions is particularly challenging.

In this paper we review a conceptual approach to predict landslide velocity and displacement using Markov chains that combine geomorphic evidence of long-term landslide behaviour with current estimates or measurements of landslide velocity. A framework is proposed to combine time-dependent estimates of landslide displacement and the deterioration of pipeline strain capacity to estimate the probability of pipeline failure over time and in response to potential changes in landslide velocity. The expected efficacy of monitoring programs and trigger action response plans is accounted for in the vulnerability model.
CNN-Based Flow Pattern Identification Based On Flow-Induced Vibration Characteristics For Multiphase Flow Pipelines
Authors: Chen Haobin , Dang Zhuoran , Hugo Ronald , Park Simon
Published: December 2022

Structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques designed for single phase flow pipelines can be difficult to apply to multiphase flow pipelines. Data collected for pipeline SHM can be affected by intermittent changes in flow characteristics associated with flow patterns. Therefore, determining the flow pattern can help to better predict the unsteadiness of the flow parameters associated with pipeline integrity management. It is known that flow-induced vibration (FIV) in multiphase flow is highly correlated with flow pattern. In this paper, the characterization of FIV under various flow patterns is investigated experimentally, and a CNN-based flow pattern identification method is presented for horizontal gas-liquid pipe flow. Measurements were performed using two wall-mounted triaxial accelerometers with a high-speed camera, which simultaneously acquired both images and accelerometer signals. The difference of flow-induced vibration under various flow patterns can be explicitly shown by extracting morphological features using the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) and Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT). In this paper, the HHT with 1st to 3rd IMFs is intended to emphasize the portion of FIV due to the unsteady fluctuations, while the STFT is intended to examine the FIV contributed to by both steady and unsteady fluctuations. To eliminate human interpretation errors, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based machine learning model is built for the flow pattern identification task. To increase the size of the dataset used for flow pattern identification, the original time-series database is augmented by applying a series of data augmentation methods including sliding window, window stretch, denoising, and noise enhancement. These enable the flow pattern identification process to be more robust under various void fractions and flow geometries. The flow pattern identification results show that both HHT and STFT trained model have promising performance with overall accuracy above 97%. A comparison of identification results using HHT and STFT extracted morphological features from different accelerometer axes is performed. The results show that model trained by HHT images has a higher level of generalization.
Annoyance caused by the low-frequency sound produced by aircraft during takeoff
Authors: Vos Joos , Houben Mark M. J.
Published: December 2022

In a laboratory study, the indoor annoyance caused by the sound produced by aircraft during the takeoff on the runway is investigated. This aircraft sound is dominated by relatively high sound levels in the 16 and 31.5 Hz octave bands. Road-traffic and passenger railway sounds, which lack high sound levels in these octave bands, are included as references. The sounds are presented at indoor A-weighted equivalent levels of 32 and 42 dB. The participants are males and females between 20 and 40, or between 40 and 60 years of age. The indoor annoyance increased with sound level, but it was not affected by source type. Moreover, it was not or hardly affected by gender or age. With the dose expressed as A-weighted outdoor levels, the penalty for the aircraft sound and the bonus for the passenger railway sound at least qualitatively correspond to those obtained in pertinent previous studies. In the present study, such adjustments can be avoided by including the difference between the outdoor C-weighted and A-weighted levels as a second predictor, yielding an explained variance in the mean indoor annoyance ratings as high as 98%.
Association of Physical Activity With Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in Rural Sichuan, China
Authors: Hu Julinling , Chen Yixun , Li Nanyan , Wang Yufei , Zha Yuliang , Zhou Junmin
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between total physical activity and different dimensions of cognitive function (orientation, attention, and memory) among older adults in rural Sichuan, China. This cross-sectional study involved 715 older adults (average age of 72 years). Total PA was measured by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, and cognitive function was assessed by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) questionnaire. The multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that total PA and household PA were significantly associated with the overall Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status score (β = 0.143, p < .001; β = 0.115, p = .002, respectively), the orientation dimension (β = 0.142, p < .001; β = 0.131, p = .001, respectively), and the memory dimension (β = 0.179, p < .001; β = 0.134, p = .001, respectively). The study showed a positive association between total PA, household PA, and cognitive function in older adults, especially in the orientation dimension and the memory dimension of cognitive function.
Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in Physical Education: A Review of Reviews
Authors: Iglesias Damián , Fernandez-Rio Javier , Rodríguez-González Pablo
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This paper aimed to examine moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels in physical education. Method: A review of reviews was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The screening process, data extraction, assessment of the risk of bias, and analysis of the results were carried out independently by two reviewers. A total of eight systematic reviews from six databases, which included 224 studies, involving more than 80,000 students (elementary, middle, and high school), enrolled in more than 450 schools worldwide were unpacked. Results: Students fail to meet the 50% recommendation of MVPA lesson time, irrespective of country, school stage, gender, or MVPA measures. Physical education-based interventions increased students’ MVPA during lessons (range 14.3%–24%) compared with control groups. Conclusion: Physical education is uniquely positioned to provide physical activity opportunities for students, but teachers must target the provision of adequate MVPA levels, which is not currently happening.
The Differing Roles of Flavins and Quinones in Extracellular Electron Transfer in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Authors: Tolar Joe G. , Li Siliang , Ajo-Franklin Caroline M.
Published: December 2022

Lactic acid bacteria are named because of their nearly exclusive fermentative metabolism. Thus, the recent observation of EET activity—typically associated with anaerobic respiration—in this class of organisms has forced researchers to rethink the rules governing microbial metabolic strategies.
Proteomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations with Possibly Unique Functionality
Authors: McMillan Hannah M. , Kuehn Meta J.
Published: December 2022

Recent publications have shown that bacterial vesicles play important roles in interkingdom communication between bacteria and plants. Indeed, our recently published data reveal that bacterial vesicles from pathogenic and beneficial strains elicit immune responses in plants that protect against future pathogen challenge.
Monothiol Glutaredoxin Is Essential for Oxidative Stress Protection and Virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Saninjuk Kritsakorn , Romsang Adisak , Duang-nkern Jintana , Wongsaroj Lampet , Leesukon Panithi , Dubbs James M. , Vattanaviboon Paiboon , Mongkolsuk Skorn
Published: December 2022

Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are ubiquitous disulfide reductase enzymes. Monothiol Grxs, containing a CXXS motif, play an essential role in iron homeostasis and maturation of [Fe-S] cluster proteins in various organisms.
Diversity and Evolution of Iron Uptake Pathways in Marine Cyanobacteria from the Perspective of the Coastal Strain
Synechococcus
sp. Strain PCC 7002
Authors: Yong Cheng-Wen , Deng Bin , Liu Ling-Mei , Wang Xin-Wei , Jiang Hai-Bo
Published: December 2022

Iron (Fe) is an important limiting factor of marine primary productivity. Cyanobacteria, the oldest photosynthetic oxygen-evolving organisms on the earth, play crucial roles in marine primary productivity, especially in the oligotrophic ocean.
Borrelia burgdorferi DnaA and the Nucleoid-Associated Protein EbfC Coordinate Expression of the
dnaX-ebfC
Operon
Authors: Krusenstjerna Andrew C. , Saylor Timothy C. , Arnold William K. , Tucker Jamila S. , Stevenson Brian
Published: December 2022

The dual life cycle of
Borrelia burgdorferi
, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is characterized by periods of rapid and slowed replication. The expression patterns of many of the spirochete’s virulence factors are impacted by these changes in replication rates.
A Multiplex PCR and DNA-Sequencing Workflow on Serum for the Diagnosis and Species Identification for Invasive Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis
Authors: Imbert S. , Portejoie L. , Pfister E. , Tauzin B. , Revers M. , Uthurriague J. , Hernandez-Grande M. , Lafon M.-E , Jubert C. , Issa N. , Dumas P.-Y , Delhaes L.
Published: December 2022

There has been significant increase in the use of molecular tools for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) and mucormycosis. However, their range of detection may be too limited as species diversity and coinfections are increasing.
Taxonomic, Genomic, and Functional Variation in the Gut Microbiomes of Wild Spotted Hyenas Across 2 Decades of Study
Authors: Rojas Connie A. , Holekamp Kay E. , Viladomat Jasso Mariette , Souza Valeria , Eisen Jonathan A. , Theis Kevin R.
Published: December 2022

There is a gap in knowledge regarding the genomic diversity and variation of the gut microbiome across a host’s life span and across multiple generations of hosts in wild mammals. Using two types of sequencing approaches, we found that although gut microbiomes were individualized and temporally variable among hyenas, they correlated similarly to large-scale changes in the ecological conditions experienced by their hosts.
Factors Required for Adhesion of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium to Lactuca sativa (Lettuce)
Authors: Elpers Laura , Lüken Lena , Lange Fabio , Hensel Michael
Published: December 2022

The number of produce-associated outbreaks by gastrointestinal pathogens is increasing and underlines the relevance to human health. The mechanisms involved in the colonization of, persistence on, and transmission by, fresh produce are poorly understood.
Bicyclomycin Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens
Authors: Wang Weijie , Zhu Xiaoli , Luo Huan , Wang Zheng , Hong Anjin , Zeng Jie , Li Li , Wang Dai , Deng Xianming , Zhao Xilin
Published: December 2022

As antimicrobial resistance continues to increase, options for effectively treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative infections are declining. Finding ways to enhance the lethality of old agents that have unique molecular targets is important because developing new antimicrobials is becoming increasingly difficult.
Erratum to: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Study of the Regulatory Mechanisms of Light Phases of Photosynthesis in Plants
Authors: Ruuge E. K. , Tikhonov A. N.
Published: December 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006350922330016
Making sense of the paediatric ECG: P waves
Authors: Harris Mike , Oakley Chris
Published: December 2022

Follow-up article on ECG Interpretation series.
Role of supplemental regional blocks on postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction after major non-cardiac surgeries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Singh Narinder P , Makkar Jeetinder Kaur , Borle Anuradha , Singh Preet Mohinder
Published: December 2022

Background/importance

Postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PNCD) is a frequent and preventable complication after surgery. The large high-quality evidence for the efficacy of supplemental regional analgesia blocks (RAB) for preventing PNCD is still elusive.

Objective

The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of RAB versus standard anesthesia care on the incidence of PNCD in adult patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery.

Evidence review

PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Registers of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 2017 until June 2022. The primary outcome was the incidence of PNCD within 1 month of surgery. A random-effects model with an inverse variance method was used to pool results, and OR and mean differences were calculated for dichotomous and continuous outcomes. Various exploratory subgroup analyses were performed to explore the possibility of the association between the various patient, technique, and surgery-related factors. Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidelines were used to determine the certainty of evidence.

Findings

Twenty-six RCTs comprizing 4414 patients were included. The RAB group was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of PNCD with an OR of 0.46 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.59; p<0.00001; I2=28%) compared with the control group (moderate certainty). Subgroup analysis exhibited that the prophylactic efficacy of RAB persisted for both delirium and delayed neurocognitive recovery.

Conclusions

Current evidence suggests that supplemental RAB are beneficial in preventing PNCD in patients after major non-cardiac surgery.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022338820
Quasi-de Sitter inflation from generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Heydarzadeh M. , Mohsenzadeh M. , Abbasiyan-Motlaq M. , Yusofi E.
Published: December 2022

In the early inflation period, due to the highest accessible energy, the quantum effects of gravity are essentially considerable and the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) can be examined. In this paper, we first calculate the slow-roll parameter of the power-law inflation according to physical and co-moving momentum. Then, considering the two proposed algebras for the GUP, we show that considering a minimum length for corrections cannot satisfy the slow-roll condition and inflation, in this case, will not terminate gracefully. By simultaneously considering both minimum length and maximum momentum, inflation will terminate gracefully but it can never start from a pure de Sitter state and will necessarily start from a quasi-de Sitter state.
Realizing the perfect sound absorption and broadening effective band using porous material and micro-perforated plate
Authors: Cheng Baozhu , Guo Xinyu , Gao Nansha , Hou Hong
Published: December 2022

The noise attenuation ability of a single material or structure, especially for low-frequency noise, is limited by its thickness. Aiming to achieve high-efficiency noise attenuation at low frequencies, this paper proposes the methods of porous material filling and micro-perforated plate (MPP) embedding to design a perfect sound absorber at different frequencies using the under-loss Helmholtz resonator (HR). Based on the transfer matrix method, the theoretical calculation models of the sound absorption coefficients of the HR, Helmholtz resonator with porous material (HRP), and Helmholtz resonator with micro-perforated plates (HRM) are constructed. Based on the theoretical models, the under-loss absorber HR1 with the peak absorption at 243 Hz, and the HRP and HRM with perfect absorption at 212 Hz and 157 Hz are designed, respectively. The impedance analysis and complex frequency plane method are used to analyze the sound absorption mechanisms of the HR1, HRP, and HRM. The accuracy of the theoretical model is verified by the finite element method. Finally, the three acoustic absorbers are manufactured using 3D printing technology, and the absorption coefficients are evaluated experimentally. The experimental results show that the HR1 has a high working frequency at 245 Hz and a narrow bandwidth of high-efficiency sound absorption ([Formula: see text]), which is only 12 Hz. The working frequency of the HRP is 214 Hz, and its high-efficiency sound absorption bandwidth is 54 Hz. The HRP has the lowest working frequency at 157 Hz and the widest high-efficiency sound absorption bandwidth of 58 Hz among the three absorbers. The research results presented in this paper provide a reference for the realization of low-frequency broadband noise attenuation designs and have certain application potential in noise control.
The small-world effect of fractal networks modeled on ‘dust-like’ cubes
Authors: Zeng Cheng , Huang Yuke , Xue Yumei
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the sequence of evolving networks is generated from some ‘dust-like’ cubes by applying the encoding methods in fractal and symbolic dynamical systems. Based on the self-similar structures of fractals, we study the mean clustering coefficient, the mean geodesic distance and the mean Fermat distance. The relevant results show the small-world effect of our evolving networks.
Algorithms and a Library for the Exact Computation of the Cumulative Distribution Function of the Euclidean Distance Between a Point and a Random Variable Uniformly Distributed in Disks, Balls, or Polygones and Application to Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis
Authors: Guigues Vincent
Published: December 2022

We consider a random variable expressed as the Euclidean distance between an arbitrary point and a random variable uniformly distributed in a closed and bounded set of a three-dimensional Euclidean space. Four cases are considered for this set: a union of disjoint disks, a union of disjoint balls, a union of disjoint line segments, and the boundary of a polyhedron. In the first three cases, we provide closed-form expressions of the cumulative distribution function and the density. In the last case, we propose two algorithms with complexity [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] being the number of edges of the polyhedron, that computes exactly the cumulative distribution function. An application of these results to probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and extensions are discussed. Finally, we present an open source library, available at https://github.com/vguigues/Areas_Library , that implements the algorithms presented in this paper.
ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLEXITY OF EEG SIGNALS IN RELATION TO THE COMPLEXITY OF FRACTAL ANIMATIONS
Authors: DOROSTI SARSHAR , NAMAZI HAMIDREZA , KHOSROWABADI REZA
Published: December 2022

Visual sense has an important role in shaping human understanding of the natural world. Nevertheless, it is not clear how the complexity of visual stimuli influences the complexity of information processing in the brain. In this study, we hypothesized that changes in the fractal pattern of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals directly follow the changes in the fractal dimension of animations. Therefore, 12 types of 2D fractal animations were presented to a group of healthy students (15 males, [Formula: see text] years old, 3 left-handed) while their brain signals were recorded using a 32-channel amplifier. Regression analysis between the fractal dimension of EEG signals and the fractal dimension of animations indicated that the complexity of fractal animations is directly sensed by changes in the fractal dimension of EEG signals at the centro-parietal and parietal regions. It may indicate that when the complexity of visual stimuli increases, the mechanism of information processing in the brain also enhances its complexity to better attend to and comprehend the stimuli.
Software Reliability Analysis Using Nonlinear Transfer Function
Authors: Chatterjee Subhashis , Saha Deepjyoti , Verma Yogesh
Published: December 2022

In the progression of innovation, software plays a meaningful role in society. Hence, the need for reliable software increases day by day. But the development process of software has become very complex. In this paper, a nonlinear transfer function model has been developed to predict the remaining faults present in the software. A stepwise procedure is discussed for developing a nonlinear transfer function model. A comparison with the linear transfer function model has been carried out. Release time modeling has also been carried out. Some real data sets have been used for illustration.
System Reliability Analysis for a Stochastic Liner Container Shipping Service with Stochastic Terminals
Authors: Nguyen Thi-Phuong , Liao Ya-Ting , Lin Yi-Kuei , Chang Ping-Chen
Published: December 2022

In the container shipping industry, a company could have an advantage over its competitors while its liner container shipping system (LCSS) can successfully transport the requested demand. However, some uncertainties such as unstable sea state, terrible weather, sailor’s negligence, and the condition of vessels would affect the number of slots on the vessel to place containers when shipping on different legs. Thus, that number should be regarded as stochastic. At the container terminal, containers are loaded from and unloaded to the vessel ship by the quay cranes. The number of available quay cranes at each terminal is also stochastic because of the reservation of other competitors. Therefore, this study proposes an algorithm that constructs an LCSS as a stochastic liner container shipping network (SLCSN) model to analyze the network reliability. Network reliability is defined as the probability that all vessels in the SLCSN can satisfy the demands within the time threshold. For an executive of the liner container shipping company, the network reliability can be utilized as the performance indicator to make an appropriate managerial decision.
A reliable algorithm for a class of singular nonlinear two-point boundary value problems arising in physiology
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Kumar Devendra , Singh Jagdev
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we present a reliable numerical algorithm to determine approximate solutions of the two-point boundary value problems having Robin boundary conditions that naturally occur in the investigation of distinct tumor growth issues, the dispersal of heat sources in the person head and steady state oxygen diffusion in spherical cell possessing Michaelis–Menten uptake kinetics. This approach is based on a modified concept of Adomian polynomials (AP), and the two-step Adomian decomposition method (TSADM) merged with Padé approximants. Furthermore a Maple package ADMP is applied to solve various problems, which is very easy to use and efficient and needed to input the system of equations with initial or boundary conditions and diverse essential parameters to deliver the analytic approximate solutions within a few seconds. The suggested scheme does not require linearization, perturbations, guessing the initial terms, a set of basis function or other limiting presumptions, which yields the solutions in closed form. Many examples are examined to make clear the scope and validity of the package ADMP.