bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Long Texts Summarization Approach to Scientific Articles
Authors: Souza Cinthia M. , Vimieiro Renato
Published: December 2021

Automatic text summarization aims at condensing the contents of a text into a simple and descriptive summary. Summarization techniques drastically benefited from the recent advances in Deep Learning. Nevertheless, these techniques are still unable to properly deal with long texts. In this work, we investigate whether the combination of summaries extracted from multiple sections of long scientific texts may enhance the quality of the summary for the whole document. We conduct experiments on a real world corpus to assess the effectiveness of our proposal. The results show that our multi-section proposal is as good as summaries generated using the entire text as input and twice as good as single section.
Efeitos da variação linguística na decisão lexical
Authors: Souza Victor Renê Andrade , Freitag Raquel Meister Ko.
Published: December 2021

Este estudo apresenta uma nova versão do teste de decisão lexical desenvolvido para captar a apreciação social de fenômenos fonológicos variáveis [Freitag e Souza 2019]. Os efeitos de decisão lexical foram testados nas variantes padrão e não padrão dos fenômenos de monotongação de ditongo decrescente e crescente, desnasalização de ditongo nasal átono final e palatalização de oclusivas alveolares, em ambiente progressivo e regressivo, em uma amostra de 25 universitários de Sergipe. Os resultados reforçam o que já foi identificado no estudo anterior: as variantes do tipo estereótipo e marcador são significativamente associadas à não palavra; enquanto as variantes indicador não apresentam essa relação.
Secondary Substance and Quod Quid Erat Esse
Authors: Polsky Elliot ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2021

Modern commentators recognize the irony of Aristotle’s Categories becoming a central text for Platonic schools. For similar reasons, these commentators would perhaps be surprised to see Aquinas’s In VII Metaphysics, where he apparently identifies the secondary substance of Aristotle’s Categories with a false Platonic sense of “substance” as if, for Aristotle, only Platonists would say secondary substances are substances. This passage in Aquinas’s commentary has led Mgr. Wippel to claim that, for Aquinas, secondary substance and essence are not the same thing and that Aristotle’s notion of essence is absent from the Categories. This paper—by closely analyzing the apparently contradictory divisions of “substance” in Aquinas’s In V and VII Metaphysics—shows that essence and secondary substance are not altogether distinct for Aquinas. Moreover, when the Categories is viewed by Aquinas as a work of logic, it is found largely to cut across the disputes between Platonism and Aristotelianism.
Shaping a township: self-connecting as �counter conduct� in Umlazi, Durban
Authors: Mottiar Shauna
Published: December 2021

South Africa has high levels of protest. Protest actions are frequently linked to demands for �service delivery�, specifically the lack of access to housing, water and electricity in poor neighbourhoods. As a result, residents in these areas have resorted to informal, self-service provision in the form of illegal water and electricity connections. These self-services have assumed two narratives: the first, in official circles, as criminalised activities; and the second, by protestors and social movements, as gaining basic social rights. This article examines the various methods of �illegal� water and electricity connections in the township of Umlazi, situated in Durban, South Africa. It draws on �counter conduct� to understand illegal connections as �diffuse and subdued forms of resistance�. Techniques of counter conduct by Umlazi residents resist both forms and quantities of service provision through the act of self-connecting. Self-connections use the government�s own techniques against it while adopting its own governmentality. The article is based on a qualitative study comprising interviews with householders of Emhlabeni, Umlazi Section D.
Modern geopolitical research in Russia
Authors: Pototskaya Tatyana I. , Silnichaya Anna V.
Published: December 2021

In this article, we present the results of our study into the contribution of geography to modern geopolitics in Russia. We stress the interdisciplinary nature of geopolitical studies and identify ensuing problems. Using content analysis of the eLIBRARY bibliography data­base and Elsevier’s abstract and citation database Scopus, we conclude that geography has considerably affected the development of modern geopolitics in Russia. The contribution of geographers is rather modest considering the number of PhD theses and research publica­tions. However, it becomes more visible when textbooks only are taken into account. Geo­gra­phical studies are an indispensable part of geopolitical research, which we identified us­ing the object-subject criteria reflecting the effect that properties of territories have on the poli­cies of states located within them. This relates to marine geopolitics, ethnic geopolitics, geoe­co­nomics, ecopolitics, political geoconflict studies, and mediageopolitics. We consider geopo­litics and ethnic geopolitics to be priority areas of geographical and geopolitical stud­ies. Geo­graphy plays a major role in the comprehensive geopolitical studies into territories of dif­ferent size. Geopolitics of post-Soviet space, geopolitics of Russia, domestic geopolitics, and cri­tical geopolitics examine the combined effect of the properties of territories on the policies of states implemented in them. We stress that most geographical and geopolitical works focus on analysing the geopolitical location of territories, the geopolitical interests of states, and the identification of mechanisms behind the geopolitical vision of the population.
Time perspective as predictor of perceived stress in managers
Authors: Veljković Bojan , Nedeljković Tea
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to determine relation between dimensions of time perspective and perceived stress among managers, who have one to three years of working experience as managers. The basic assumption was that dimensions of time perspective are empirically confirmed correlates of numerous psychic functions, thus they can also be correlates of perceived stress. Therefore, we set hypothesis that dimensions of time perspective are significant predictors of perceived stress in managers. The study was conducted on the sample of 92 managers of both genders (37% of men and 63% of women). Average age of examinees was 36.58 years. Selective variable for formation of the sample was the length of working experience in management - from minimum one up to maximum three years. The assumption for the sample justification was that managers-beginners experience bigger number of stimuli from the environment as stressors. An adapted version of Zimbardo's time perspective questionnaire (ZTPI, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999, adaptation of Kostić & Nedeljković, 2013) was used to operationalize the time perspective. The questionnaire with 52 items determines five dimensions of time perspective - negative and positivie past, hedonistic and fatalistic present and future. Perceived stress is determined by score on Cohen's questionnaire for perceived stress (The Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-10, Cohen et al, 1983). Significant regression model was obtained, which explains 17,6% variance in perception of stress in managers. As the only independently significant predictor in the group of dimensions of time perspective, future was highlighted (b = 0,416). Managers who are turned towards the future have higher scores of the perceived stress. The results confirmed the initial assumption on predictor power of dimensions of time perspective in predicting intensity of the perceived stress. The results represent contribution to understanding the relationship between dimensions of time perspective and stress perception during the first years of management and may be the starting point for future research of those constructs.
Specific impact of cardiovascular risk factors on coronary microcirculation in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Stojković Mirjana , Nedeljković-Beleslin Biljana , Tešić Milorad , Bukumirić Zoran , Ćirić Jasmina , Stojanović Miloš , Miletić Marija , Đorđević-Dikić Ana , Giga Vojislav , Beleslin Branko , Žarković Miloš
Published: December 2021

Background: Although thyroid hormones have significant effect on cardiovascular system, the impact of subtle thyroid dysfunction such as subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) remains to be determined. We investigated coronary flow reserve (CFR) in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: Thirty two subjects with SCH and eighteen control subjects with normal serum thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were included in the study. TSH, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, glucose, insulin, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglyceride and plasma levels of C-reactive protein were measured. Coronary diastolic peak flow velocities in left anterior descending coronary artery were measured at baseline and after adenosine infusion. CFR was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to baseline diastolic peak velocity. Results: CFR values were not significantly different between the two groups (SCH 2.76±0.35 vs controls 2.76±0.42). There was a significant correlation of CFR with waist to hip ratio, hypertension, smoking habits, markers of glucose status (glucose level, HbA1c, insulin level, HOMA IR), cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels in SCH group, whereas only cholesterol level showed significant correlation with CFR in controls. There was no correlation between CFR and thyroid hormones. Conclusions: We concluded that there is a different impact of cardiovascular risk factors on CFR in SCH patients compared to healthy control and that these two groups behave differently in the same circumstances under the same risk factors. The basis for this difference could be that the altered thyroid axis "set point" changes the sensitivity of the microvasculature in patients with SCH to known risk factors.
The interrelationship between politics and the military in war
Authors: Sakan Momčilo
Published: December 2021

The problem of the interrelationship between the political and military elite is very complex, multidimensional, multi-hierarchical and relatively protected from the scientific and professional public and, as such, more difficult to understand. It is particularly relevant in war, where ties are looser and where the self-initiative of individuals and social groups comes to full expression, which is precisely the subject of this analysis. However, the subject is not considered in its totality, but is limited only to the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in the period from the 1980s onwards. The events out of that time were used as an empirical basis for illustrating and arguing one's own views. The subject of this paper is structured in five separate parts. In the first part, the epistemological and logic bases of the relationship between politics and the military in war are presented, with the focus on the noticed weaknesses in the theoretical and normative sphere and their consequences for real practice. In the second part, a comparative analysis of the goals of politics and the military has been done, with an emphasis on the necessary need for them to coincide at the state level and be conducted by joint efforts. The third part explains the relationship between the military and politics at the most general level. It has been proven that politics is more general and that it directs the entire activities of the society including the deployment of the military in war. The fourth part presents the models of the relationship between the military and politics at strategic level. It has been unequivocally proven that politics is superior to the military, which does not exclude the possibility of intensive negotiations before making definite decisions on the deployment in combat operations. Finally, the fifth part explains the relationship between local government representatives and units at tactical level. The links between management and cooperation between these entities with the focus on communication difficulties and consequences are explained.
La difícil permanencia de la impermanencia: una mirada crítica a la exposición de referencia del Museo de Etnografía de Neuchâtel (Suiza)
Authors: Sanchez del Olmo Sara
Published: December 2021

Precursor de la denominada «museología de la ruptura», el Museo de Etnografía de Neuchâtel constituye, aún hoy, una institución singular dentro del panorama museístico europeo. Desde los años 80, de la mano de sus sucesivos directores –Hainard y Gonseth– el Museo ha buscado convertirse en un espacio de deconstrucción cultural creando exposiciones temporales destinadas a descifrar las reglas del funcionamiento social y a reflexionar, entre otras cuestiones, sobre los procesos de producción de los estereotipos y de las ideologías. Por diferentes razones, la exposición permanente se mantuvo sin apenas modificaciones durante largo tiempo hasta que, en 2017, una nueva propuesta vio la luz. En este trabajo analizamos críticamente la (actual) exposición de referencia; buscamos mostrar sus particularidades y, al tiempo, señalar algunas de las limitaciones y de los riesgos que, en nuestra opinión, acompañan a esteproyecto.
Un museo «único en su clase»: vicisitudes de la colección fotográfica de Tomás Camarillo
Authors: Iniesta Sepúlveda Víctor
Published: December 2021

Desde el siglo XIX, numerosas iniciativas emplearon la fotografía para registrar el patrimonio cultural. Los acervos resultantes de aquellas campañas fueron integrados, entre otras instituciones, en museos. Pero, dada la singularidad de estas colecciones iconográficas, también se crearon otros centros ex profeso para su conservación: los museos fotográficos, espacios para organizar, exhibir y dar sentido a aquellas imágenes. En este artículo se analizará el Museo Fotográfico Provincial Tomás Camarillo de Guadalajara, que primero estuvo instalado en un domicilio particular, y tras años de reivindicaciones, por fin fue avalado por la Administración provincial. El valor estético y el interés documental de las instantáneas favoreció que, entre otras aplicaciones, se fomentara su uso como recurso turístico.  En definitiva, se trató de preservar y visibilizar un patrimonio fotográfico apenas valorado, décadas antes de que el medio, ya reconocido como disciplina artística, se integrara en galerías, museos de arte contemporáneo y otras instituciones.
When journalists lose their foothold
Authors: Allern Sigurd , Pollack Ester
Published: December 2021

The global #MeToo movement exposed the widespread structural problem of sexual harassment, which was also the case in Sweden and Norway. Across the various sectors of working life, women were able to identify with the call. This perspective, however, was under- mined in the public sphere when person-centred scandal stories about a few powerholders and media celebrities took over. In addition, a lack of verifiable documentation – and uncritical use of anonymous sources – ignited renewed debates about the ethical standards of professional journalism. This article discusses two alleged #MeToo cases: Aftonbladet’s dramatic and unfounded accusations against the theatre CEO Benny Fredriksson and VG’s misuse and manipulation of a “bar-dance” episode involving the Norwegian Labour politician Trond Giske. Both media stories developed into “critical incidents”, resulting in public criticism, self-examination and discussions around ethical rules and regulation.
Kongens kakofoniske kroning
Authors: Andersen Kasper H.
Published: December 2021

I middelalderen etablerede København sig som en af Danmarks største og vigtigste byer. Udviklingen tog fart i 1400-tallet, da byen fik status af residensstad og hermed blev rigets kulturelle og politiske centrum. Som kongens og hoffets primære by husede København løbende kongelige ceremonier. Ceremonierne bidrog til at manifestere kongemagtens position i samfundet, og i højere grad end noget andet sted i riget manifesterede kongemagten sig i netop residensstaden. Disse manifestationer af magt havde alle en markant sensorisk dimension. De visuelle træk har historikere og andre forskere på forskellig vis længe haft blik for, mens andre sensoriske aspekter ved de kongelige teatralske ceremonier, herunder auditive, ikke har fået megen opmærksomhed i forskningen. Internationale studier har imidlertid vist, hvordan Europas før-moderne magthavere benyttede forskellige former for lyd til at manifestere magt i det offentlige rum i ceremonielle sammenhænge og i særdeleshed i residensstæder. På forskellig vis transformerede og/eller konstruerede eksempelvis fyrster urbane lyduniverser, hvori man via bevidst udnyttelse af lyd iscenesatte fyrsten og hans position i samfundet. En ganske særlig begivenhed i den forbindelse var kongekroningen. Denne artikel undersøger, hvordan den danske kongemagt manifesteredes auditivt i renæssancens København i forbindelse med Frederik 2.s kroning i august 1559. Med fokus på præsten og digteren Rasmus Hansen Reravius’ retrospektive digteriske fremstilling af kroningsfesten studeres, hvordan man under kroningsfesten aktivt benyttede lyd til konstruktion af unikke lyduniverser, hvori kongens magt manifesteredes auditivt.
Associated work in a cooperative is neither dependent work nor selfemployed work
Authors: Fajardo García Gemma
Published: December 2021

The celebration of the 100th anniversary of the ILO’s Cooperatives Unit sparked interest in reviewing the progress made by this institution in relation to the recognition and promotion of worker cooperatives. To this end, the Promotion of Cooperatives Recommendation (2002) and the Guidelines concerning statistics of Cooperatives (2018) were taken as the focus of study. From the analysis of both documents, the conclusion was drawn that although the former calls for the recognition of cooperatives in the terms established by the ICA, and for their promotion by States, establishing a legal framework favourable to them and compatible with their nature as self-managed enterprises, the fact is that associated work is still not recognised as a mode of work distinct from dependent work (wage-based) and self-employed(individual) work. This lack of recognition does not correspond to the recommendations of the ICA (2005) claiming that “the relationship of the worker-member with their cooperative should be considered as distinct from that of conventional wage-based dependent work and self-employed work”. The lack of recognition is often attributed to the modest size of these cooperatives and their possible use to circumvent the application of labour law. However, as we have shown, the former cannot be proven, and the latter is not sufficient reason to ignore or prohibit them, since there are other means to combat fake cooperatives. The lack of a contractual relationship between the worker-member and the cooperative is not a weakness but a strength and is the result of having a specific legal type for the cooperative, as opposed to other countries such as France or Italy which, because they lack such a type, are incorporated as Public Limited Companies or Limited Liability Companies, and subsequently hire their members so that they can work in their company.
Futuras intenciones de emprender en estudiantes de estudios secundarios chilenos y vascos
Authors: Torres-Ortega Jorge , Monzón Campos José Luis
Published: December 2021

Las iniciativas emprendedoras -sean estas sociales o comerciales- generan un relevante impacto económico y social. Por esta razón, hoy en día apoyar al emprendimiento y a los emprendedores se ha convertido en una verdadera necesidad, ya que de ello depende en gran medida el desarrollo y crecimiento de nuestros territorios y países. En este contexto, lograr una comprensión más profunda de los principales determinantes del emprendimiento posee sin lugar a dudas un gran valor para las economías y la sociedad en general. Esto es de particular importancia en el caso de los adolescentes, por la necesidad que existe de estimular el emprendimiento desde edades tempranas. El presente artículo pretende ser un aporte en este sentido, planteándose como objetivo central caracterizar y comparar a estudiantes de estudios secundarios de dos territorios distintos desde el punto de vista de una serie de características personales y familiares, relacionándolas con sus intenciones de emprender futuras ya sea en el ámbito del emprendimiento comercial y/o social. Para el logro de tal objetivo, se aplicó una misma encuesta a una muestra de estudiantes chilenos (n=4661) y vascos (n=5767). Los resultados revelan que los estudiantes chilenos exhiben una mayor inclinación hacia seguir una carrera emprendedora que sus pares vascos. Asimismo, se observa que un conjunto de rasgos que dan forma a una “personalidad emprendedora” se asocian con mayores intenciones de emprender futuras en ambos grupos de estudiantes. Quienes desarrollan intenciones de emprender socialmente, por su parte, se vinculan más estrechamente con la posesión de sensibilidad social y sentido ético.
CHARACTERIZACION OF SKIN CANCER WITH OPTO-MAGNETIC IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Nikolić Gorana V. , Bandić Jadran , Oprić Dejan , Šakota Jovana , Matija Lidija
Published: December 2021

Melanoma is the most malignant skin cancer in human population due to late detection, high invasiveness and rapid infiltration. Besides melanoma, skin cancer includes Basal cell cancer (BCC), Squamous cell cancer (SCC), and other rare cancers like Mercel cell carcinoma and Langerhans cell carcinoma. The annual increase of melanoma patients in Serbia is 6%, while this number in the rest of the world varies between 5% and 7%. Various techniques are used to detect and differentiate skin cancers; these techniques differ in the principle of operation and detection efficiency. A novel method is an opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) based on light-tissue interaction. In more details, this technique measures the difference between responses of the skin when it is illuminated with white or polarized light under normal incidence or under Brewster angle. Different skin responses can also be measured under a fixed incident angle of the blue and the violet light. In this study, OMIS is used for detection and differentiation between simple mole (naevus) and melanoma, and for differentiation between non-melanoma cancer and melanoma. Investigations have included 65 patients with whom different lesions were confirmed by dermoscopy and histopathology. It is shown that good agreement between the results of the OMIS method and histopathological diagnosis were obtained in the sample covering 97% of the patients. This demonstrates that OMIS method can be one of the diagnostic methods for detection and differentiation of skin lesions.
CHEMICAL-MINERАLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BAUXITES FROM DIFFERENT DEPOSITS
Authors: Оstojić Gordana , Lazić Dragica , Škundrić Branko , Penavin Škundrić Jelena , Sladojević Slavica , Kešelj Dragana , Blagojević Dragana
Published: December 2021

From the aspect of their chemical and mineralogical composition, bauxites are very complex multicomponent raw materials. The paper presents the characterization of bauxite from several different deposits: Brazil, Milići, Čitluk and Kosovo. Chemical characteristics were determined by a combination of different analytical methods: gravimetry, potentiometric titration, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Mineralogical composition was determined using X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis methods. Chemical and structural characterization is complemented by the results of scanning electron microscopy with EDX analysis. The information obtained was used for the assessment of the quality of investigated bauxites from the aspect of their application in the production of alumina.
DETERMINING SECONDARY METABOLITES AND THEIR ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY IN FRUITS
Authors: Uletilović Snježana
Published: December 2021

The influence of extraction techniques with different solvents on the contents of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of extracts of grape, sour cherry and black currant is analyzed in the study. Antioxidant activity of the extracts on stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hidrazyl (DPPH) radical was determined by spectrophotometry. The total phenolic content was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay while total flavonoid content was measured spectrophotometrically with the application of AlCl3. The changes in the value of these parameters after deep-freezing of these fruits were also observed. A high content of total phenols and flavonoids was detected in extracts. Acetone proved to be the best agent for extraction of grape and sour cherry while the highest content of total phenols with black currant was obtained by methanol. The content of total phenols in fruits in frozen state increased while the content of total flavonoids and of antioxidant activity decreased. The obtained results show that the extracts of grape, cherry and black currant can be used as natural antioxidants.
LIGHT MANIPULATION BY QUANTUM METAMATERIALS
Authors: Ivić Zoran , Lazarides Nikos , Tsironis Giorgios
Published: December 2021

We propose a novel mechanism of light manipulation by using the quantum metamaterial which consists of a large number of linearly arranged superconducting charge qubits. The experimental confirmation of this idea may open up a new way to potentially powerful quantum computing.
Mapping the visual world to the human brain
Authors: Ip Betina , Bridge Holly
Published: December 2021

The visual maps measured non-invasively in the brain of human and non-human primates reliably reflect the underlying neuronal responses recorded with invasive electrodes.
Subject-verb Agreement in Constructions with Quantifiers in Russian
Authors: Aksenova Anna
Published: December 2021

The agreement of subject and predicate in Russian is actually much less trivial than it might seem at first glance. This paper deals with the case when the subject is realized by a combination of a noun with a quantifier. I analyze a set of examples with the words двое, трое, пара, тройка, десяток, сотня, тысяча, миллион and миллиард where there is a variation in predicate number agreement. Using Random Forest, CIT and Logistic Regression algorithms I prove that collective (двое, трое) and non-collective (пара, тройка, десяток, сотня, тысяча, миллион, миллиард) quantifiers exhibit different patterns of agreement. The first group tends to trigger more plural agreement, while for the second one singular agreement is more typical. Moreover, the quantifier phrase position relative to the predicate can also influence the choice of number marker on the verb.
The mycorrhizal fungi ofCymbidiumpromote the growth ofDendrobiumofficinaleby increasing environmental stress tolerance
Authors: Li Yulong , Kang Zhihua , Zhang Xia , Sun Ping , Jiang Xiaohui , Han Zhengmin
Published: December 2021

Dendrobium officinaleis a medicinal herbal plant with important health care value and high demand. Due to its slow growth and scarcity in nature, its yield depends on intensified cultivation while biotic and abiotic stresses were important factors that causes production loss. Orchidaceae can form association with rhizoctonias collectively, and studies have found that some orchids showed a high level of strain-species specificity to orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), yet the specificity of OMF onD. officinaleneeds to explored. In this study, the effects onD. officinaleof four OMF isolated fromCymbidiumwere tested. The obviously higher mass yield of the treated plants in medium and pots indicated the growth promotion effect of the fungi. Furthermore, an abiotic stress test indicated stronger drought tolerance among the treated plants. For the biotic stress test, two root rot pathogens,Fusarium solaniandFusarium graminearum, were isolated and identified from root rot ofD. officinale. In anin vitroinhibition test, the four OMF could resist the growth of these pathogens.In vivostudies showed that these four OMF could improve the survival rate and fresh weight and decrease the root rot rate of pathogen-inoculated seedlings. The four OMF namely;Hyphomycetesp.,Umbelopsissp.,Ceratorhizasp. andCeratorhizasp. are compatible strains for improving the growth rate ofD. officinaleby increasing its environmental stress tolerance, providing an effective way to supply resources through artificial reproduction.
Indemnización de perjuicios a consumidores financieros en juicios de interés colectivo. El olvido del caso Sernac con Cencosud
Authors: Ponce Márquez Matías
Published: December 2021

En el presente trabajo se comenta la sentencia de la Corte Suprema de fecha 21 de enero de 2019, en causa rol Nº 34.507-2017, en la que el máximo tribunal, siguiendo lo resuelto por los tribunales inferiores, declaró abusivas una serie de cláusulas de los instrumentos de adhesión del proveedor, pero rechazó la indemnización de los perjuicios provocados a los consumidores por el aumento de la comisión de mantención del crédito, declarando que no existía prueba del daño. Se sostendrá que lo último no es acertado, sobre la base de la comparación del presente caso con la sentencia en Sernac con Cencosud y de la idea de que el rechazo de la indemnización de perjuicios no obedece a una falta de prueba del daño sino a la dificultad de su cuantificación.
El nudge desde la perspectiva de la igualdad como no subordinación
Authors: Ponce de León Solís Viviana
Published: December 2021

En las últimas décadas, el nudge (regulaciones no coercitivas inspiradas en los aportes de las ciencias del comportamiento) ha recibido creciente aplicación, tanto a nivel nacional como comparado, en diversos ámbitos de interés general. Sin embargo, algunos estudios sugieren que esta técnica podría tener un impacto negativo sobre grupos sociales desaventajados. Estas observaciones contrastan abiertamente con la escasa atención que la literatura del nudge da a consideraciones de igualdad en general y de desventaja grupal en particular. Este trabajo aborda esta desatención desde una perspectiva teórica, analizando en qué medida los presupuestos descriptivos y prescriptivos subyacentes al nudge son compatibles con aquellos que subyacen al enfoque de la igualdad como no subordinación.
Sobre el contenido de injusto de la prevaricación judicial
Authors: Rojas A. Luis Emilio
Published: December 2021

Una aproximación a los tipos de prevaricación judicial exige revisar el baremo desde el cual se determina su contenido de injusto. Tradicionalmente, la cuestión se ha debatido entre la teoría objetiva y la subjetiva acerca de la prevaricación. Sin embargo, la teoría objetiva parte ingenuamente de la existencia de preceptos jurídicos inequívocos, mientras que la subjetiva supone que se llega al derecho mediante la sola convicción del juez. A partir de una exploración en los elementos de una decisión judicial correcta, el trabajo plantea que la prevaricación supone una decisión judicial insostenible que a su vez conlleva una subsunción incorrecta.
Estructuración del sistema de responsabilidad civil extracontractual de la ley de propiedad intelectual
Authors: Barría Díaz Rodrigo
Published: December 2021

El sistema de responsabilidad civil extracontractual previsto en la ley No 17.336, de Propiedad Intelectual, contiene diferencias interesantes si se le compara con aquel de derecho común contenido en el Código Civil. Con el objetivo de resaltar esas innovaciones y, además, de procurar una ordenación no siempre lograda por la citada ley ni intentada del todo por la doctrina nacional, es que este artículo propone una organización que permita estudiar y comprender de la mejor manera posible el régimen contenido en la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual.
Nível de satisfação no trabalho em propriedades rurais: estudo de caso em Rio Brilhante, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Souza Sulma vanessa , Oliveira Luanne Escobar do Nascimento , Almeida Marcel Gonçalves de , Sabbag Omar Jorge
Published: December 2021

O tema satisfação no trabalho tornou-se, no decorrer dos anos, objeto de vários estudos; isso ocorreu, sobretudo, pela necessidade da valorização do trabalhador nas organizações, uma vez que a satisfação ou insatisfação influi diretamente no sucesso de qualquer organização. Diante disso, objetivou-se analisar o nível de satisfação no trabalho em propriedades rurais localizadas no município de Rio Brilhante/MS. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário estruturado, desenvolvido de acordo com a escala multidimensional EST-Reduzida. Os resultados constataram de modo unânime um padrão de nível de satisfação para ambas as propriedades. Entretanto, verificou-se que a propriedade A apresentou o menor escore médio na dimensão 1 - Satisfação com os colegas (4,62), assim como a propriedade B, na dimensão 3 - Satisfação com a chefia (4,83), sendo pertinente aos gestores criarem medidas mitigadoras para a sua correção, haja vista tais resultados serem fatores que poderão prejudicar o desempenho das propriedades.
Snake Bite Presenting as Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Godhiwala Parth , Acharya Sourya , Andhale Amol , Shukla Samarth , Kumar Sunil
Published: December 2021

Snake bite is predominantly an occupational hazard and causes severe health issues. Snake poisoning in India is a significant and prevalent cause of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). In India, the occurrence of AKI after snake bite is 13-32%. All over the world every year, 1,50,000 people die as a result of it. Multiple mechanisms such as haemodynamic disturbances, direct tubular toxicity, coagulopathy, haemoglobinuria, and myoglobinuria can cause AKI after bites by snakes belonging to the Elapidae, Viperidae, and Colubridae families. Renal pathologic findings include acute tubular necrosis, cortical necrosis, interstitial nephritis, glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis. Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA) as a cause of snakebite-induced AKI is rarely reported in literature. Fewer details are known about the clinical course, optimal management, and overall prognosis of this entity. Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is a clinical disease that includes TMA, thrombocytopenia, and AKI as a triad. The HUS is a heterogeneity of illnesses with diverse aetiology which results in presentation, therapy and outcomes variance. Hereby, authors report a case of a 55-year-old female who was bitten by Russell’s viper and developed HUS. Patient eventually progressed to end stage renal disease and was advised lifelong haemodialysis. TMA should be taken into account as a probable cause of AKI following a snake bite. Plasma exchanges have yet to be determined in snake bite TMA.
Lessons Learned and Corrective Actions from BSEE Initiated Unannounced Source Control Exercises In 2018–2019
Authors: Calvin John , Grant Lisa , Rogers Bryan
Published: December 2021

Government initiated unannounced exercises (GIUEs) conducted by the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) provide operators a challenging but fair opportunity to demonstrate their response capabilities. When a source control GIUE is initiated, personnel from both industry and government are expected to perform their response roles in real time as they would in an actual incident. Source control GIUEs are also used to objectively assess spill preparedness and identify any deficiencies and vulnerabilities. The intent of this report is to share appropriately redacted lessons learned and corrective actions that transpired from BSEE source control GIUEs for the benefit of regulators, operators, and other responders seeking to improve upon their existing capabilities.

During the 2018 and 2019 fiscal years, the BSEE Oil Spill Preparedness Division (OSPD) conducted 29 GIUEs. Of those 29 GIUEs, 17 were functional exercises and 12 were full-scale exercises involving the deployment of response equipment. The Source Control GIUEs, which comprised 7 of the 29 exercises, intended to assess a broader scope of readiness as compared to the more familiar capping stack soft shut-in scenarios from past years. OSPD coordinated with numerous stakeholders to ensure the appropriate experts were involved in the GIUE planning process. These interdisciplinary planning teams collaborated to develop previously unexplored but relevant scenarios involving surface blowouts, relief wells, and subsea well interventions. BSEE's intention is to maintain this coordinated effort to produce new and challenging scenarios for the purpose of ensuring maximal preparedness for all potential and plausible response conditions.

Increasing the source control GIUE program's scope and scale in this directed manner resulted in significant lessons learned and corrective actions relevant to both the regulated community and the regulators. OSPD has compiled and summarized these results for distribution. Lessons learned were classified utilizing the following 6 categories adapted from the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) Guidance: Communications, Leadership and Management Processes, Organizational Structures, Plans or Procedures, Resources, and Training. With regards to corrective actions, OSPD issued these directives with the intent of providing operators an opportunity to resolve deficiencies identified during the source control GIUEs to ensure adequate preparedness and are not to be considered punitive.

This paper will present a redacted summary of these lessons learned and corrective actions identified during the 2018 and 2019 GIUE years for the benefit of everyone involved in spill response preparedness.
Examination of Current BSEE Oil Spill Response Research Efforts
Authors: Stone Karen N. , Cho Jay J. , McKinney Kristi J.
Published: December 2021

Abstract No.:1141265

In the decade following the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe, considerable research and development has been accomplished to address known research gaps to respond to offshore oil spills; however, opportunities to enhance spill response capabilities remain. The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) is the lead agency in the U.S. regulating energy production on the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf. BSEE's Oil Spill Response Research (OSRR) program is the principal federal source of oil spill response research to improve the detection, containment, treatment/cleanup of oil spills and strives to provide the best available information, science, research, and technology development to key decision makers, industry, and the oil spill response community. The paper will highlight several key collaborative projects with federal and industry stakeholders including System and Algorithm Development to Estimate Oil Thickness and Emulsification through an UAS Platform and Methods to Enhance Mechanical Recovery in Arctic Environments. Additionally, the paper will provide an update on the Development of a Low-emission Spray Combustion Burner to Cleanly Burn Emulsions where we partnered the Naval Research Laboratory and met with industry representatives to incorporate their needs in the final phases of the development effort.
Oil Spill Combat Strategy & Lesson Learnt of Balikpapan Spill
Authors: Satya Yodi
Published: December 2021

Among many discussions on effective response strategies during oil spill response operations at sea, this paper elaborates comprehensive information on oil spill combat strategy and lesson learnt from Balikpapan Spill incident. The author tries to shown the effectiveness of assessment and surveillance prior to oil spill response operation, oil spill response strategies and monitoring after oil spill response operation. The paper point out strategies used by OSCT Indonesia as National Oil Spill Response Organization on responding the oil spill incident. Focusing on taking tactical response according to experience gained from previous oil spill incident, the paper also mentions the importance of unified command between local authorities and company for easier coordination. Other than strategies and effective response, wildlife response become one of the difficulties faced onsite the field due to diverse wildlife and lack of wildlife response knowledge and trained experts. Learn from this recent oil spill experience, may enrich the knowledge on responding to such oil spill incident at similar condition and area.
SCAT Delineation of Oiling, Cleanup Verification, Chemical Sampling, Coring, and Mangrove Test Planting, Bodo, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Iroakasi Ogonnaya I. , Gundlach Erich R. , Visigah Kabari G. , Bonte Matthijs , Giadom Ferdinand D. , Oladipo Sola , Lenu Peter , Shekwolo Philip D. , Nwabueze Vincent O.
Published: December 2021

The Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique (SCAT) was effectively applied from 2015 to 2019 during the first stage (Phase 1) of assessment and cleanup of 1000 ha (2471 acres) of intertidal dead mangroves and oiled shorelines in Bodo, Eastern Niger Delta.

New SCAT methods and Phase 1 cleanup criteria were developed to delineate oil levels very soft intertidal mud and to monitor clean up efforts. The end goal of Phase 1 was to reduce subsurface oiling less than 35% as visually observed on the water infilling a pit 25–40 cm deep. Oiling levels and cleanup status were documented at 1065 locations with heaviest oil concentrations found in soft muds lining the intertidal channels (2 m tide range).

A large-scale chemical sampling program provided contemporaneous pit observations and measured hydrocarbons at 0–5 cm and 15–25 cm depths at 322 sites. There was poor conformance between hydrocarbon analyses and SCAT observations for surface sediments, but better conformance with subsurface chemistry as black and / or brown oil was clearly visible in the pits. Results of SCAT observations and chemical sampling show very high variations throughout the spill affected area and over short distances (5–10 m).

A coring study at 30 sites to 2–3 m depths with chemical sampling indicated that oiling is primarily restricted to the upper 40 cm due to water saturated compact deeper sediments inhibiting oil penetration with depth.

Lastly, SCAT developed and monitored a mangrove planting program. In spite of high oil levels (TPH over 40,000 at 6 of 7 sites), results from the first year show plant survival at 82% with 46% height growth of the surviving plants. The SCAT Phase 1 findings enabled the definition of the wider scope for remediation and revegetation of the former mangrove areas and will run through the life-cycle of the clean-up project. However, re-pollution remains a challenge to be managed to achieve success.
Band Encounters of Oiled Birds Rehabilitated and Released by Tri-State Bird Rescue & Research, Inc. between 1990–2016
Authors: Miller Erica A.
Published: December 2021

Band returns provide an inexpensive and relatively passive means of evaluating survival in the wild after rehabilitation for oil contamination. Unfortunately, most encounters are made when a banded bird is shot by hunters or found dead or injured, with limited sightings of live, banded birds in the wild. This study examines band encounters received on oiled birds that were washed, rehabilitated, banded and released by Tri-State Bird Rescue and Research, Inc. (Tri-State) during the twenty-six years from 1990 to 2016. Included in these data are 228 sightings of live birds that were oiled following the Deepwater Horizon MC252 incident, and 363 encounters (live or dead) of birds impacted by other spills. Not included are birds treated by Tri-State but banded under other permits, such as the 283 birds rehabilitated and released following the 1993 Tampa Bay oil spill. Analysis of these encounters overall reveals information on species survival post-release, distance traveled by individual birds, and evidence of breeding success.
The Freshwater Oil Spill Remediation Study (FOReSt): 2018 Pilot Study at the Experimental Lakes Area, Canada
Authors: Palace Vince P. , Peters Lisa , Berard-Brown Nancy , Smyth Patrick , Shanoff Tanya , Wiseman Grant , Tomy Gregg , Havens Sonya , Dettman Heather , Greer Charles , Kajpust Holly , Black Tyler , Hanson Mark , Gil Jose Luis-Rodriguez , Taylor Elliott
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT (#667537)

Monitored natural recovery (MNR) was assessed as a non-invasive method for limiting residual oil exposure in the aquatic environment following contained spills of Cold Lake Blend diluted bitumen (CLB) and conventional heavy crude (CHV) at the IISD-Experimental Lakes Area in Canada. Oils were applied and left in place for 72h to simulate potential spill cleanup response times. After physical removal of free surface oil, biological response and recovery (microbes, zooplankton communities, emergent insects, and benthic invertebrate) was assessed over 80d and exposure of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and their alkylated forms (aPACS) in water and sediment were characterized. Embryonic development of fathead minnow eggs exposed to water from each of the enclosures was used to determine potential impacts on fish early life stage development. There were significantly different concentrations of PACs in the enclosures treated with diluted bitumen and CHV immediately after application and attenuation differed between the two products throughout the study period. Water contained primarily 3 ring PACs and aPACs. Microbial taxa with known oil degrading capacity increased in water relative to total community abundance. Emergent insect abundance was significantly lower in both oil treated enclosures relative to reference enclosures, but fish development was not significantly impacted by oil treatments. Monitored natural recovery could be successfully applied to oil spill affected freshwater shorelines, but additional data are required to determine long term recovery trajectories.
A Case Study in Planning and Executing a Source-Control Exercise Using a Visual Simulator as a Well Response Training Tool
Authors: Oskarsen Ray T. , Morry Brett , Drieu Mike
Published: December 2021

Since the 2010 Macondo incident, the oil industry has made many strides in improving offshore blowout prevention and preparedness. This includes manufacturing over 20 large subsea capping stacks with other supporting subsea source control equipment (e.g. cutting tools for debris removal, injection and monitoring equipment for subsea dispersants) , and routinely conducting emergency exercises to demonstrate the ability to simulate deploying their subsea control equipment defined in their source control emergency response plans, often on short notice for government initiated unannounced exercises. In 2017, Anadarko partnered with U.S. and Mexican government agencies to conduct a joint-preparedness exercise to demonstrate a binational response to a hypothetical pollution incident that would threaten the border zone of both countries. The exercise conduced in accordance with the Mexico – US (MEXUS) Plan, a bilateral agreement between both countries for offshore spill that would originate in one country and could impact the other country. Coordinating a drill that involved over 300 participants from multiple companies and organizations took several years. A short coming of previous similar exercises have been the lack of visualization and sense of realism. A fit-for-purpose visualization simulator was used improve the overall training and learning experience. The visual simulator is coupled with a dynamic multi-phase simulator to ensure that the physics of the blowout and intervention operations are as realistic as possible. The improved visualizations and physics of the source-control operation significantly improved the learnings compared to previous exercise events. This paper explains the general methodology for closing a capping stack, and, more importantly, the planning process that made the drill successful.