bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the relationship between multilingualism and tolerance of ambiguity: A survey study from an EFL context
Authors: WEI RINING , HU YUHANG
Published: November 2018

The relationship between multilingualism and tolerance of ambiguity (TA) has been examined in recent studies (e.g., Dewaele & Li, 2013; van Compernolle, 2016), which focus upon multilinguals with mixed nationalities in non-EFL contexts. Most of these studies regrettably reflect a failure to use effect sizes or provide information on the reliability and validity of the instruments used. The present study explored the relationship between multilingualism and TA by focusing upon 260 English-using multilinguals of one single nationality in an EFL context. Factor analysis revealed a three-factor solution, rather than a four-factor solution of the original TA scale, suggesting a need to re-examine the validity of such instruments when used outside of their native contexts. The results identified multilingualism, number of languages known and gender as important predictors for TA. Given the relative nature of effect-size benchmarks, a topic-specific effect-size benchmark system is proposed to (re-)interpret the present and previous findings.
Does parental migration have any impact on nutritional disorders among left-behind children in Bangladesh?
Authors: Islam M Mofizul , Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Mondal Md Nazrul Islam
Published: November 2018

Objective

Rates of migration have increased substantially in recent years and so has the number of left-behind children (LBC). We investigated the impact of parental migration on nutritional disorders of LBC in Bangladesh.

Design

We analysed data from the nationally representative cross-sectional Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2012–2013. Child stunting, wasting and underweight were used as measures of nutritional disorders. Descriptive statistics were used to describe characteristics of the respondents and to compare nutritional outcomes based on status of parental migration. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between parental migration and child nutritional disorders.

Setting

Bangladesh.

Participants

Data of 23 402 children (aged <5 years), their parents and households.

Results

In the unadjusted models, parental migration was found significantly protective for stunting, wasting and underweight – both separately and jointly. After potential confounders were controlled for, no difference was found between LBC and non-LBC in any of these three nutritional outcome measures. Household wealth status and maternal educational status were found to significantly influence the nutritional development of the children.

Conclusions

At the population level there is no negative impact of parental migration on stunting, wasting and underweight of LBC in Bangladesh. Remittance from parental migration might enhance affordability of better foods, health care and supplies for a cleaner environment. This affordability is crucial for the poorest section of the society.
Political and Economic Determinants of Asynchronous Approval of New GM Events
Authors: Rosa Maurício Benedeti , de Faria Rosane Nunes , de Castro Eduardo Rodrigues
Published: November 2018

We use a political economy perspective to provide the first empirical analysis of the main political and economic determinants of asynchronous approval (AA) for a variety of countries over the period 2000–2015. The key results that emerge from our paper are the prominent role of regulatory quality and the number of internet users in a particular country in influencing AA across countries. We found that the higher the share of internet users in a country, the lower the AA. Consumer access to the internet makes them less exposed to negative news about genetically modified (GM) products, as they are less influenced by the negative bias of traditional mass media toward biotechnology. Additionally, the better the regulation quality (the more efficiently a government formulates and implements regulation), the shorter the time necessary to approve new GM events, and the lower the AA. Furthermore, our findings confirm that determinants such as corruption, trade relations with stringent markets, and the size of the rural population are also important in explaining AA of GM events.
The Global Marine Selenium Cycle: Insights From Measurements and Modeling
Authors: Mason Robert P. , Soerensen Anne L. , DiMento Brian P. , Balcom Prentiss H.
Published: November 2018

Anthropogenic activities have increased the selenium (Se) concentration in the biosphere, but the overall impact on the ocean has not been examined. While Se is an essential nutrient for microorganisms, there is little information on the impact of biological processes on the concentration and speciation of Se in the ocean. Additionally, other factors controlling the distribution and concentration of Se species are poorly understood. Here we present data gathered in the subtropical Pacific Ocean during a cruise in 2011, and we used these field data and the literature, as well as laboratory photochemical experiments examining the stability and degradation of inorganic Se (both Se (IV) and Se (VI)) and dimethyl selenide, to further constrain the cycling of Se in the upper ocean. We also developed a multibox model for the biosphere to examine the impact of anthropogenic emissions on the concentration and distribution of Se in the ocean. The model concurs with the field data indicating that the Se concentration has increased in the upper ocean waters over the past 30 years. Our observational studies and model results suggest that Se (VI) is taken up by phytoplankton in the surface ocean, in contrast to the results of laboratory culture experiments. In conclusion, while anthropogenic inputs have markedly increased Se in the atmosphere (42%) and net deposition to the ocean (38%) and terrestrial landscape (41%), the impact on Se in the ocean is small (3% increase in the upper ocean). This minimal response reflects its long marine residence time.
Crustal Deformation of the Altyn Tagh Fault Based on GPS
Authors: Li Yanchuan , Shan Xinjian , Qu Chunyan , Liu Yunhua , Han Nana
Published: November 2018

Knowledge of the slip behavior of the Altyn Tagh fault (ATF) has significant implications for our understanding of the tectonic deformation of the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we process Global Positioning System (GPS) data spanning 2009–2017 across the western ATF, merge the solution with recently published GPS velocities, and obtain a dense GPS velocity field for northern Tibet. We introduce an elastic block model and estimate the fault slip rate, interseismic fault coupling (ISC), and seismic moment accumulation rate along the ATF. The estimated left‐lateral strike‐slip rate of the ATF decreases eastward from 12.8 ± 0.4 mm/a to 0.1 ± 0.2 mm/a. Results show a heterogeneous distribution of ISC along the fault, with the fault locking depth varying from 5 to 20 km. The seismic moment accumulation rate is 2.16–2.37 × 1018 N m/km along three segments between Sulamu Tagh and Aksay bends, where the accumulated seismic moment over the last five centuries could be balanced by earthquakes with magnitudes of Mw 7.7, Mw 7.6, and Mw 7.8, respectively. We calculate the ratio of the Indo‐Eurasia convergence accommodated by the ATF and find that 10.3% of the convergence is accommodated along the fault by lateral extrusion; quantitative analysis of the strain rate, however, shows that a large part of the northern Tibet is not well described by elastic block rotation. Consequently, we suggest that a hybrid kinematic model that includes both block‐like and continuous deformation is needed to better delineate the crustal deformation of the Tibetan Plateau.
Stable Isotope Clues to the Formation and Evolution of Refrozen Melt Ponds on Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Tian L. , Gao Y. , Ackley S. F. , Stammerjohn S. , Maksym T. , Weissling B.
Published: November 2018

Sea ice is one of the determining parameters of the climate system. The presence of melt ponds on the surface of Arctic sea ice plays a critical role in the mass balance of sea ice. A total of nine cores was collected from multiyear ice refrozen melt ponds and adjacent hummocks during the 2015 Arctic Sea State research cruise. The depth profiles of water isotopes, salinity, and ice texture for these sea ice cores were examined to provide information about the development of refrozen melt ponds and water balance generation processes, which are otherwise difficult to acquire. The presence of meteoric water with low oxygen isotope values as relatively thin layers indicates melt pond water stability and little mixing during formation and refreezing. The hydrochemical characteristics of refrozen melt pond and seawater depth profiles indicate little snowmelt enters the upper ocean during melt pond refreezing. Due to the seasonal characters of deuterium excess for Arctic precipitation, water balance calculations utilizing two isotopic tracers (oxygen isotope and deuterium excess) suggest that besides the melt of snow cover, the precipitation input in the melt season may also play a role in the evolution of melt ponds. The dual‐isotope mixing model developed here may become more valuable in a future scenario of increasing Arctic precipitation. The layers of meteoric origin were found at different depths in the refrozen melt pond ice cores. Surface topography information collected at several core sites was examined for possible explanations of different structures of refrozen melt ponds.
Defining human cardiac transcription factor hierarchies using integrated single-cell heterogeneity analysis
Authors: Churko Jared M. , Garg Priyanka , Treutlein Barbara , Venkatasubramanian Meenakshi , Wu Haodi , Lee Jaecheol , Wessells Quinton N. , Chen Shih-Yu , Chen Wen-Yi , Chetal Kashish , Mantalas Gary , Neff Norma , Jabart Eric , Sharma Arun , Nolan Garry P. , Salomonis Nathan , Wu Joseph C.
Published: November 2018

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have become a powerful tool for human disease modeling and therapeutic testing. However, their use remains limited by their immaturity and heterogeneity. To characterize the source of this heterogeneity, we applied complementary single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq technologies over time during hiPSC cardiac differentiation and in the adult heart. Using integrated transcriptomic and splicing analysis, more than half a dozen distinct single-cell populations were observed, several of which were coincident at a single time-point, day 30 of differentiation. To dissect the role of distinct cardiac transcriptional regulators associated with each cell population, we systematically tested the effect of a gain or loss of three transcription factors (NR2F2, TBX5, and HEY2), using CRISPR genome editing and ChIP-seq, in conjunction with patch clamp, calcium imaging, and CyTOF analysis. These targets, data, and integrative genomics analysis methods provide a powerful platform for understanding in vitro cellular heterogeneity.
The essential genome of the crenarchaeal model Sulfolobus islandicus
Authors: Zhang Changyi , Phillips Alex P. R. , Wipfler Rebecca L. , Olsen Gary J. , Whitaker Rachel J.
Published: November 2018

Sulfolobus islandicus is a model microorganism in the TACK superphylum of the Archaea, a key lineage in the evolutionary history of cells. Here we report a genome-wide identification of the repertoire of genes essential to S. islandicus growth in culture. We confirm previous targeted gene knockouts, uncover the non-essentiality of functions assumed to be essential to the Sulfolobus cell, including the proteinaceous S-layer, and highlight essential genes whose functions are yet to be determined. Phyletic distributions illustrate the potential transitions that may have occurred during the evolution of this archaeal microorganism, and highlight sets of genes that may have been associated with each transition. We use this comparative context as a lens to focus future research on archaea-specific uncharacterized essential genes that may provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of cells.
Physical origin of higher-order soliton fission in nanophotonic semiconductor waveguides
Authors: Ciret Charles , Gorza Simon-Pierre , Husko Chad , Roelkens Gunther , Kuyken Bart , Leo François
Published: November 2018

Supercontinuum generation in Kerr media has become a staple of nonlinear optics. It has been celebrated for advancing the understanding of soliton propagation as well as its many applications in a broad range of fields. Coherent spectral broadening of laser light is now commonly performed in laboratories and used in commercial “white light” sources. The prospect of miniaturizing the technology is currently driving experiments in different integrated platforms such as semiconductor on insulator waveguides. Central to the spectral broadening is the concept of higher-order soliton fission. While widely accepted in silica fibers, the dynamics of soliton decay in semiconductor waveguides is yet poorly understood. In particular, the role of nonlinear loss and free carriers, absent in silica, remains an open question. Here, through experiments and simulations, we show that nonlinear loss is the dominant perturbation in wire waveguides, while free-carrier dispersion is dominant in photonic crystal waveguides.
Experimental Comparison of the Performance of Cutting Bone and Soft Tissue between Piezosurgery and Conventional Rotary Instruments
Authors: Otake Yoshio , Nakamura Megumi , Henmi Akiko , Takahashi Tetsu , Sasano Yasuyuki
Published: November 2018

Piezosurgery is an innovative technique widely used for osteotomies in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. The surgical technique has been clinically supposed to cut mineralized bone selectively with reducing the risk of damage to adjacent soft tissues. However, none of the previous literature has reported any evidence of scientific experiments to examine performance of the piezoelectric device, i.e. the time required for cutting bone and the effect on soft tissues under the standardized conditions. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that cutting time of the piezoelectric device is longer than that of rotary instruments while the cut surface of bone is smoother and soft tissues are less damaged with piezosurgery under the standardized experimental system. We measured the time for cutting bone and soft tissues of rats with the piezoelectric device and rotary instruments. Damage to soft tissues was examined histologically, and the cut surface of bone was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Our study demonstrated experimentally that piezosurgery provides a smooth cut bony surface with no damage to soft tissues and takes longer time to cut bone than conventional drillings. We propose that piezosurgery is beneficial for medical safety and usability.
Author Correction: Aggravation of acute kidney injury by mPGES-2 down regulation is associated with autophagy inhibition and enhanced apoptosis
Authors: Li Ting , Liu Ying , Zhao Jie , Miao Shuying , Xu Yunfei , Liu Ke , Liu Meidong , Wang Guiliang , Xiao Xianzhong
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Publisher Correction: A short isoform of ATG7 fails to lipidate LC3/GABARAP
Authors: Ogmundsdottir M. H. , Fock V. , Sooman L. , Pogenberg V. , Dilshat R. , Bindesbøll C. , Ogmundsdottir H. M. , Simonsen A. , Wilmanns M. , Steingrimsson E.
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: All-optical control of light on a graphene-on-silicon nitride chip using thermo-optic effect
Authors: Qiu Ciyuan , Yang Yuxing , Li Chao , Wang Yifang , Wu Kan , Chen Jianping
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
FAST-1 antisense RNA epigenetically alters FXN expression
Authors: Mikaeili Hajar , Sandi Madhavi , Bayot Aurélien , Al-Mahdawi Sahar , Pook Mark A.
Published: November 2018

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a multisystem genetic disorder caused by GAA repeat expansion mutations within the FXN gene, resulting in heterochromatin formation and deficiency of frataxin protein. Elevated levels of the FXN antisense transcript (FAST-1) have previously been detected in FRDA. To investigate the effects of FAST-1 on the FXN gene expression, we first stably overexpressed FAST-1 in non-FRDA cell lines and then we knocked down FAST-1 in FRDA fibroblast cells. We observed decreased FXN expression in each FAST-1 overexpressing cell type compared to control cells. We also found that FAST-1 overexpression is associated with both CCCTC-Binding Factor (CTCF) depletion and heterochromatin formation at the 5′UTR of the FXN gene. We further showed that knocking down FAST-1 in FRDA fibroblast cells significantly increased FXN expression. Our results indicate that FAST-1 can act in trans in a similar manner to the cis-acting FAST-1 overexpression that has previously been identified in FRDA fibroblasts. The effects of stably transfected FAST-1 expression on CTCF occupancy and heterochromatin formation at the FXN locus suggest a direct role for FAST-1 in the FRDA molecular disease mechanism. Our findings also support the hypothesis that inhibition of FAST-1 may be a potential approach for FRDA therapy.
Bifunctional and Supramolecular Organocatalysts for Polymerization
Authors: Fastnacht Kurt V. , Datta Partha P. , Kiesewetter Matthew K.
Published: November 2018

Bimolecular, H-bond mediated catalysts for ring-opening polymerization (ROP)—thiourea or urea plus base, squaramides and protic acid/base pairs, among others—are unified in a conceptual approach of applying a mild Lewis acid plus mild Lewis base to effect ROP. The bimolecular, and other supramolecular catalysts for ROP, produce among the best-defined materials available via synthetic polymer chemistry through a delicately balanced series of competing chemical reactions by interacting with substrate at an energy of <4 kcal mol−1. These catalysts are among the most controlled available for ROP. Part of this arises from the modular, highly tunable nature of dual catalysts, which conduct extremely controlled ROP of a host of cyclic monomers. The broader field of organocatalytic polymerization is a bridge between the disparate worlds of the materials chemist (ease of use) and the synthetic polymer chemist (mechanistic interest). The cooperative and collegial nature of the organocatalysis for the ROP community has facilitated the synergistic evolution of new mechanism to new abilities—in monomer scope, polymer architecture and level of reaction control.
Ring-opening Polymerization of Lactones
Authors: Lecomte Phillipe , Jérôme Christine
Published: November 2018

The synthesis of aliphatic polyesters by the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic monoesters was discovered by Carothers in the 1930s. Since then, a plethora of catalysts and initiators have been discovered to promote this polymerization. Nowadays, steadily increasing attention is paid to organocatalysts and, among them, acids, bases, and H-bond donors and acceptors. Organocatalysts today available for the polymerization of medium size cyclic monoesters such as δ-valerolactone and ε-caprolactone will be reviewed. Special attention will be paid to dual catalysts capable of activating both the initiator and the monomer. The most efficient catalysts promote fast and selective ring-opening polymerization. The mechanism based either on ionic interactions, the establishment of H-bonds or nucleophilic activation will be discussed. The importance of ring size will be highlighted by the organocatalyzed polymerization of β-butyrolactone, γ-butyrolactone and pentadecalactone as a typical macrocyclic monoester.
ROP of Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Fukushima Kazuki
Published: November 2018

In this chapter, the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic carbonates is described, including mechanism, catalysts/initiators, and types of monomers. Since carbonates are partially esters, the ROP generally proceeds via transesterification and hence some aspects of the catalysis and mechanism overlap with those for cyclic esters. On the other hand, decarboxylation is a particular characteristic side reaction of the ROP of cyclic carbonates, which can be addressed by exploring new catalysts and/or developing new cyclic carbonate monomers. Polycarbonates obtained by ROP are typically aliphatic and can be potentially applied to biomaterials as a consequence of its biodegradability. In this context, elucidating the ROP of cyclic carbonates is important for not only polymer chemists but also biomaterial scientists. This chapter especially focuses on the progress over the last decade regarding catalysts/initiators along with fundamental knowledge of ROP of cyclic carbonates. In addition, polymerizable cyclic carbonates are presented.
Organic Catalysis Outlook: Roadmap for the Future
Authors: Dove Andrew P.
Published: November 2018

This final chapter summarises some of the most significant advances in the field of organocatalytic polymerisation. It also highlights some potential opportunities for the future growth of the field.
Fe3O4-based composite magnetic nanoparticles for volatile compound sorption in the gas phase: determination of selenium(iv)
Authors: Timofeeva Irina , Alikina Mariya , Vlasova Anna , Osmolowsky Mikhail , Voznesenskiy Mikhail , Volina Olga , Moskvin Leonid , Osmolovskaya Olga , Bulatov Andrey
Published: November 2018

On-line selenium separation based on hydride generation followed by sorption on magnetic nanoparticles.
Measurement of methylated metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and its biological application
Authors: Ambati Chandrashekar R. , Vantaku Venkatrao , Donepudi Sri Ramya , Amara Chandra Sekhar , Ravi Shiva Shankar , Mandalapu Akhil , Perla Maharajni , Putluri Vasanta , Sreekumar Arun , Putluri Nagireddy
Published: November 2018

Methylation aberrations play an important role in many metabolic disorders including cancer.
MWCNT based monolith for the analysis of antibiotics and pesticides in milk and honey by integrated nano-liquid chromatography-high resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Aydoğan Cemil , El Rassi Ziad
Published: November 2018

A monolith based on MWCNTs incorporated into HPMACl was prepared for use as a stationary phase in nano-liquid chromatography.
Integration of FexS electrocatalysts and simultaneously generated interfacial oxygen vacancies to synergistically boost photoelectrochemical water splitting of Fe2O3 photoanodes
Authors: Liao Aizhen , Chen Ruotian , Fan Fengtao , Xiao Leixin , He Huichao , Zhang Chunfeng , Asiri Adullah M. , Zhou Yong , Li Can , Zou Zhigang
Published: November 2018

Integration of FexS electrocatalysts and simultaneously generated interfacial oxygen vacancies was designed to promote the water splitting performance of Fe2O3 photoanodes.
Regioselective 5′-position phosphorylation of ribose and ribonucleosides: phosphate transfer in the activated pyrophosphate complex in the gas phase
Authors: Hu Jun , Lei Wen , Wang Jiang , Chen Hong-Yuan , Xu Jing-Juan
Published: November 2018

We present a rapid, efficient and regioselective phosphorylation method at the 5′-position of ribose and ribonucleosides with pyrophosphate in the gas phase.
A pH-driven ring translocation switch against cancer cells
Authors: Cheng Qian , Yin Hang , Rosas Roselyne , Gigmes Didier , Ouari Olivier , Wang Ruibing , Kermagoret Anthony , Bardelang David
Published: November 2018

A molecular switch built with cucurbit[7]uril and a 3-station viologen-phenylene-imidazole compound has showed pH actuated ring translocation with high fatigue resistance and promising features against cancer cells.
Formation mechanisms of interfaces between different TinO2n−1 phases prepared by carbothermal reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Fang , Shi Ruyue , Lei Yimin , Lei Zhibin , Jiang Ruibin , Wang Dapeng , Liu Zonghuai , Sun Jie
Published: November 2018

The structures of two types of interfaces between different TinO2n−1 phases have been investigated based on comprehensive XRD and TEM analysis. Combined with thermodynamic calculations, the structural evolutions and formation mechanisms of these interfaces are further proposed in detail.
Insights into the effects produced by doping of medium-sized boron clusters with ruthenium
Authors: Chen Bole , Sun Weiguo , Kuang Xiaoyu , Lu Cheng , Xia Xinxin , Shi Hongxiao , Gutsev Gennady L.
Published: November 2018

The global-minimum structures of RuBn0/− (n = 9–20) clusters have been determined by the CALYPSO method combined with DFT calculations.
Reversible hydrogen storage in pristine and Li decorated 2D boron hydride
Authors: Chen Long , Chen Xianfei , Duan Chao , Huang Yi , Zhang Qian , Xiao Beibei
Published: November 2018

Motived by the recent experimental fabrication of two-dimensional boron hydride (BH) sheets (Nishino et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 13761), we explore the feasibility of pristine and Li doped BH sheets as a hydrogen storage medium within the framework of density functional theory.
Probing the cooperative mechanism of the μ–δ opioid receptor heterodimer by multiscale simulation
Authors: Wang Longrong , Yuan Yuan , Chen Xin , Chen Jiangfan , Guo Yanzhi , Li Menglong , Li Chuan , Pu Xuemei
Published: November 2018

The activation-cooperativity of the μ–δ opioid receptor heterodimer was probed by multiscale simulation coupled with a protein structure network.
Correction: Ultrafast dye regeneration in a core–shell NiO–dye–TiO2 mesoporous film
Authors: Tian Lei , Föhlinger Jens , Pati Palas Baran , Zhang Zhibin , Lin Junzhong , Yang Wenxing , Johansson Malin , Kubart Tomas , Sun Junliang , Boschloo Gerrit , Hammarström Leif , Tian Haining
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘Ultrafast dye regeneration in a core–shell NiO–dye–TiO2 mesoporous film’ by Lei Tian et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 36–40.
Na+ and Pr3+ co-doped orange-emitting CaYAl3O7 phosphors: synthesis, luminescence properties and theoretical calculations
Authors: Chun Fengjun , Zhang Binbin , Liu Honggang , Deng Wen , Li Wen , Xie Meilin , Luo Chao , Yang Weiqing
Published: November 2018

A series of Na+ and Pr3+ co-doped orange-emitting CaYAl3O7 (CYAO) phosphors were prepared by a conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction method.
Designing air-stable cyclometalated Fe(ii) complexes: stabilization via electrostatic effects
Authors: Ashley Daniel Charles , Mukherjee Sriparna , Jakubikova Elena
Published: November 2018

Substitution of EWGs onto the cyclometelated iron complexes electrostatically stabilizes the Fe(ii) center while still preserving the increased ligand field strength.
The impact of optically rectified fields on plasmonic electrocatalysis
Authors: Nelson Darby A. , Schultz Zachary D.
Published: November 2018

Optical rectification of plasmon resonances is shown to induce areas of altered surface charge that affect electrochemical reactivity.
Defining lignin nanoparticle properties through tailored lignin reactivity by sequential organosolv fragmentation approach (SOFA)
Authors: Liu Zhi-Hua , Hao Naijia , Shinde Somnath , Pu Yunqiao , Kang Xiaofeng , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Yuan Joshua S.
Published: November 2018

Sequential organosolv fragmentation approach (SOFA) enhances the self-assembling process of high-quality lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) by tailoring the lignin chemistry in biorefineries.
Integrated nanoscale deterministic lateral displacement arrays for separation of extracellular vesicles from clinically-relevant volumes of biological samples
Authors: Smith Joshua T. , Wunsch Benjamin H. , Dogra Navneet , Ahsen Mehmet E. , Lee Kayla , Yadav Kamlesh K. , Weil Rachel , Pereira Michael A. , Patel Jyotica V. , Duch Elizabeth A. , Papalia John M. , Lofaro Michael F. , Gupta Mantu , Tewari Ashutosh K. , Cordon-Cardo Carlos , Stolovitzky Gustavo , Gifford Stacey M.
Published: November 2018

Rapid, continuous flow enrichment of EVs is enabled by integrating >1000 nanoDLD arrays.
A novel copper(ıı) phthalocyanine-modified multiwalled carbon nanotube-based electrode for sensitive electrochemical detection of bisphenol A
Authors: Koyun Ozge , Gorduk Semih , Gencten Metin , Sahin Yucel
Published: November 2018

A novel copper(ii) phthalocyanine (CuPc)-modified multiwalled carbon nanotube-based electrode was prepared for the sensitive electrochemical detection of bisphenol A, by the modification of a pencil graphite electrodeviathe adsorption method.
Metallic MoS2 nanosheets: multifunctional electrocatalyst for the ORR, OER and Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Sadighi Zoya , Liu Jiapeng , Zhao Ling , Ciucci Francesco , Kim Jang-Kyo
Published: November 2018

Lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) possess the highest theoretical specific density among all types of lithium batteries, making them ideal candidates to replace the current Li ion batteries for next-generation electric vehicle applications.
Correction: Unique perforated graphene derived from Bougainvillea flowers for high-power supercapacitors: a green approach
Authors: Panmand Rajendra P. , Patil Purnima , Sethi Yogesh , Kadam Sunil R. , Kulkarni Milind V. , Gosavi Suresh W. , Munirathnam N. R. , Kale Bharat B.
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘Unique perforated graphene derived from Bougainvillea flowers for high-power supercapacitors: a green approach’ by Rajendra P. Panmand et al., Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 4801–4809.
Correction: Zn2SnO4:Cr,Eu ultra-small nanoparticles as new near infrared-emitting persistent luminescent nanoprobes for cellular and deep tissue imaging at 800 nm
Authors: Li Jin-Lei , Shi Jun-Peng , Wang Cheng-Cheng , Li Peng-Hui , Yu Zhen-Feng , Zhang Hong-Wu
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘Zn2SnO4:Cr,Eu ultra-small nanoparticles as new near infrared-emitting persistent luminescent nanoprobes for cellular and deep tissue imaging at 800 nm’ by Hongwu Zhang et al., Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 8631–8638.
UV-enhanced NO2 gas sensing properties of polystyrene sulfonate functionalized ZnO nanowires at room temperature
Authors: Wang Jing , Yu Mingying , Li Xian , Xia Yi
Published: November 2018

PSS-functionalized ZnO nanowires exhibited a highly sensitive, fast, reversible and stable optoelectronic response to NO2 under UV illumination.
Toxicity of fungicides toPisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes
Authors: Shahid Mohammad , Ahmed Bilal , Zaidi Almas , Khan Mohd Saghir
Published: November 2018

Considering the fungicidal threat to the sustainable agro-environment, the toxicological impacts of three fungicides, namely kitazin, hexaconazole and carbendazim, on the biological, chemical and morpho-anatomical changes of peas were assessed.
A systematic approach to measure the contents of mono- and di-sulfonates in petroleum sulfonates by the novel method of acid–base titration coupled with traditional two-phase titration
Authors: Duan Yawei , Feng Jingge , Zhu Youyi , Li Hongda , Liu Xintong , Zhou Hualei , Li Wenjun
Published: November 2018

This study established a systematic, reduced cost and high universality approach to measure the contents of mono- and di-sulfonates in petroleum sulfonates by the novel method of acid–base titration coupled with traditional two-phase titration.
Correlation between hydrogen yield and product distribution in algae conversion through an isopropanol/water system
Authors: Liu Chunze , Kong Liping , Wufuer Anaerguli , Wang Yuanyuan , Dai Liyi
Published: November 2018

Catalytic liquefaction of algae to bio-oil through an isopropanol/water system and correlation between hydrogen selectivity and product distribution.
Experimental verification of asymmetric transmission in continuous omega-shaped metamaterials
Authors: Wang Ying-Hua , Kim Inki , Jin Ren-Chao , Jeong Heonyeong , Li Jia-Qi , Dong Zheng-Gao , Rho Junsuk
Published: November 2018

A bi-layer continuous omega-shaped metamaterial was proposed and fabricated to measure the asymmetric transmission (AT) effect of a linearly polarized light at near-infrared region.
Oxidative steps during the biosynthesis of squalestatin S1
Authors: Lebe Karen E. , Cox Russell J.
Published: November 2018

Two enzymes of previously unknown function encoded by the squalestatin biosynthetic gene cluster from the fungus Phoma MF5453 catalyse a remarkable series of six consecutive oxidations to form the 4,8-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane core of the squalestatins.
A bio-inspired approach to ligand design: folding single-chain peptoids to chelate a multimetallic cluster
Authors: Nguyen Andy I. , Spencer Ryan K. , Anderson Christopher L. , Zuckermann Ronald N.
Published: November 2018

Highly efficient synthesis of biomimetic peptoid sequences enables the rapid design and optimization of chelating ligands for multimetallic clusters.
Yanghe Huayan decoction inhibits the capability of trans-endothelium and angiogenesis of HER2+ breast cancer via pAkt signaling
Authors: Liu Xiao-Fei , Li Jing-Wei , Chen Hong-Zhi , Sun Zi-Yuan , Shi Guang-Xi , Zhu Jian-Min , Song Ai-Li , Wang Ying , Li Xiang-Qi
Published: November 2018

Background: Yanghe Huayan Decoction (YHD), a traditional Chinese medicine, is one of the most common complementary medicine currently used in the treatment of breast cancer (BC). It has been recently linked to suppress precancerous lesion and tumor development. The current study sought to explore the role of YHD on trans-endothelium and angiogenesis of BC. Methods: HER2+ BC cells were treated with YHD, Trastuzumab, or the combination in vitro and in vivo to compare the effects of them on trans-endothelium and angiogenesis features. The present study also investigated the potential molecular mechanism of YHD in inhibiting angiogenesis of BC. Results: YHD significantly suppressed the invasion and angiogenesis of BC cells via elevated pAkt signaling. Administration of YHD in vivo also strikingly repressed angiogenesis in tumor grafts. Conclusion: YHD could partially inhibit and reverse tumorigenesis of BC. It also could inhibit Akt activation and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Its effect was superior to trastuzumab. Thus it was suitable for prevention and treatment of BC.
Hautveränderungen als Schlüssel zur Diagnose systemischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Mettang Thomas , Streit Markus
Published: November 2018

Many systemic diseases go along with dermal involvement. Only a few of systemic diseases show characteristic skin derangements directly leading to the diagnosis of the underlying disease. Ten of these entities are described within this article. Some of these are autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematodes, dermatomyositis or the anti-synthetase-syndrome. Others are genetic diseases with benign or malignant neoplasias (Peutz-Jeghers-syndrome, neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, Birt-Hogg-Dubé-syndrome, Cowden-syndrome). Other genetically based diseases with typical skin manifestations are characterised by vascular malformations (Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome) or metabolic and structural organ defects (Morbus Fabry, cystic fibrosis). Being familiar with the typical skin-appearance of these diseases will allow physicians and general practitioners to make a timely diagnosis.
Die Widerspruchslösung in der Organspende: Warum eine alte Fragestellung ihre Aktualität nicht verliert
Authors: Hoppe Nils
Published: November 2018

Es spricht einiges dafür, dass die Einführung einer Widerspruchslösung in Deutschland die historisch niedrigen Spenderzahlen erhöhen würde. Es herrscht zum Teil die Annahme, dass eine solche Reform der Einwilligung in die Organspende an dem politischen Willen der Akteure in Deutschland scheitert. Dieser Artikel umreißt die wesentlichen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und verdeutlicht, dass der verfassungsmäßige Rahmen in Deutschland komplex und für die Aufnahme einer Widerspruchslösung zurzeit nicht geeignet ist. Eine intensivere Debatte sowie ein gesamtgesellschaftlicher Konsens über die Praxis der Widerspruchslösung in einem gegebenenfalls verfassungsrechtlich unsicheren Rahmen wären vonnöten.
Mücken und Zecken als Krankheitsvektoren: der Einfluss der Klimaerwärmung
Authors: Hemmer Christoph , Emmerich Petra , Loebermann Micha , Frimmel Silvius , Reisinger Emil
Published: November 2018

During the last 135 years, the average temperature in Germany has increased by 1.4 °C. By 2050, a further rise by 1.5 °C is expected. This is associated with an increase of precipitation during the winter months. This climate change probably will improve both the growth conditions for mosquitoes and ticks, as well as their ability to transmit infectious diseases. Today, vectors that have not yet been present are invading into Germany. Among them is Aedes albopictus, which transmits Chikungunya, Zika, and Dengue Fever. Also, spreading of autochthonous malaria and West Nile Fever appear possible in Germany. Because of the increased presence of Phlebotomus species, leishmaniasis should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis in unclear hematologic diseases. Among the tick-borne diseases, climate change has already led to increased case numbers of Borreliosis and Tick Borne Encephalitis (TBE), and Crimean Congo Virus is spreading from the Balkan region towards Central Europe. This requires physicians to consider additional differential diagnoses in febrile illnesses.
Recent Advances in the Synthetic Chemistry of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane
Authors: Kanazawa Junichiro , Uchiyama Masanobu
Published: November 2018

Utilization of three-dimensional cyclic scaffolds is important in modern drug discovery, both to provide greater opportunities for optimizing drug candidates and to expand the available chemical space of drugs. Among these scaffolds, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) is a high-value bioisostere for 1,4-disubstituted phenyl rings, internal alkynes, and the tert-butyl group, generally offering high passive permeability, high water solubility, and improved metabolic stability. However, the lack of methods for functionalizing BCP remains a significant challenge, and in particular, a versatile strategy for synthesizing a wide range of unsymmetrically 1,3-difunctionalized BCP derivatives has been lacking. In this account, we review recent advances in the synthetic chemistry of BCP, focusing especially on our recently developed radical multicomponent carboamination of [1.1.1]propellane.

1 Introduction

2 Overview of the Synthetic Chemistry of [1.1.1]Propellane, the Most Promising Precursor of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane

3 Recent Advances in the Synthetic Chemistry of Unsymmetrically 1,3-Disubstituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives

4 Radical Multicomponent Carboamination of [1.1.1]Propellane Permits Direct Synthesis of 3-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pent-1-ylamine Derivatives

5 Conclusion
C–Te Cross-Coupling of Diaryl Ditellurides with Arylboronic Acids by Using Copper(I) Thiophene-2-carboxylate under Mild Conditions
Authors: Koguchi Shinichi , Shibuya Yuga , Igarashi Yusuke , Takemura Haruka
Published: November 2018

We describe the successful cross-coupling of diaryl ditellurides with arylboronic acids by using copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate (CuTC) under mild conditions. Although other studies have reported that highly polar solvents (such as DMSO) or bases are required, this reaction was completed by using CuTC and common solvents under neutral conditions at room temperature. This cross-coupling reaction was performed with diaryl ditellurides and arylboronic acids bearing various groups, affording the corresponding diaryl tellurides in good to excellent yields.
Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of 1,3-Dienes: From Racemic to Enantioselective
Authors: Wu Xiang , Gong Liu-Zhu
Published: November 2018

1,3-Dienes are easily accessible chemicals that participate in a series of reactions acting on the carbon–carbon double bonds. Catalytic difunctionalization of 1,3-dienes provides a wide scope of functionalized chemicals. Pd(0) catalysts provide a diverse set of principles for the creation of asymmetric catalytic reactions, which are initiated with the oxidative addition and then undergo insertion reaction with one of double bonds of the 1,3-diene to become a π-allyl palladium species that is reactive toward nucleophilic attack. This review summarizes typical advances on the Pd(0)-catalyzed difunctionalization of 1,3-dienes in recent decades, particularly emphasizing the concepts that enable the switch from a racemic reaction to an enantioselective version.

1 Introduction

2 Amination

3 Boration

4 Carbonation

5 Hydrogenation

6 Oxygenation

7 Silylation

8 Conclusion and Outlook
Electrochemical/Photochemical Aminations Based on Oxidative Cross-Coupling between C–H and N–H
Authors: Zhang Heng , Lei Aiwen
Published: November 2018

The construction of nitrogen-containing molecules remains at the cutting edge of organic synthesis because of its wide application in various areas. Instead of prefunctionalized substrates, using free C–H and N–H bonds in the starting materials can supply a more sustainable avenue to the C–N bond-forming reactions. Compared with the well-developed transition-metal-catalyzed protocols, the strategy of introducing optical or electrical energy into reactions is fantastic and appealing. As a result, visible light or electricity mediated amination transformations have continued to develop over the past several years. In this short review, recent progress of carbon–nitrogen bond-forming reactions based on the oxidative cross coupling between C(sp2, sp3)–H and N–H are summarized.

1 Introduction

2 C(sp2)–H/N–H Oxidative Cross Coupling

2.1 Aryl C(sp2)–H as C Nucleophiles

2.1.1 Azoles as N Nucleophiles

2.1.2 Sulfonamides or Sulfonimides as N Nucleophiles

2.1.3 NH3 as N Nucleophile

2.1.4 Morpholine as N Nucleophile

2.1.5 Diaryl Amines as N Nucleophiles

2.1.6 Primary Amines as N Nucleophiles

2.1.7 Imides as N Nucleophiles

2.1.8 Imines as N Nucleophiles

2.2 Alkenyl C(sp2)–H as C Nucleophiles

2.3 Aldehydic C(sp2)–H as C Nucleophiles

3 C(sp3)–H/N–H Oxidative Cross Coupling

3.1 Benzylic C(sp3)–H as C Nucleophiles

3.2 α-C(sp3)–H as C Nucleophiles

4 Conclusions and Outlook
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 4-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine Derivatives from Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition Reaction of Tertiary Enamides
Authors: Tong Shuo , Wang Mei-Xiang
Published: November 2018

A general and efficient method for the synthesis of highly enantiopure 4-amino-1,2,3,4-tetradydropyridine derivatives based on chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed intramolecular nucleophilic addition of tertiary enamides to imines has been developed. We have also demonstrated a substrate engineering strategy to significantly improve the enantioselectivity of asymmetric catalysis
World's First Floating Homeopathic Dispensary
Authors: Rafeeque Muhammed
Published: November 2018

Floating Homeopathic Dispensary is a blessing to the people living in the remote islands of the Alappuzha district of Kerala, which is one of the projects of the Department of Homeopathy, Government of Kerala. This dispensary functions in a boat, which moves from one island to the other as per the schedule distributed to the people living in the islands. The team members include a homeopath, pharmacist, attender and the crew members of the boat. Through this project, free treatment is given for both acute and chronic ailments. They also distribute prophylaxis medicines during various epidemics.
A Very Rare Etiology of Hypotonia and Seizures: Congenital Glutamine Synthetase Deficiency
Authors: Ceylaner Serdar , Akın Rıdvan , Ünal Özlem
Published: November 2018

Mutations in the human GLUL gene, which encodes the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS), may cause congenital glutamine synthetase deficiency. The disease was first described in 2005 and only three patients have been reported to date. We report a fourth patient suffering from congenital GS deficiency who was found to have some distinctive clinical findings. The patient was a 30-month-old girl who was referred to us due to developmental delay and seizures which began at 5 months of age. She was seizure free for 5 months with valproic acid and vigabatrin. At presentation, she was found to have microcephaly and hypotonia. Her plasma glutamine concentration was near normal and she had mild hyperammonemia. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed mild changes. Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a homozygous c.121C > T (p.R41C) (p.Arg41Cys) pathogenic variant of the GLUL gene. The diagnosis of this patient underlines the importance of careful evaluation of patients with borderline low glutamine levels. Treatment was begun with L-glutamine and nicotinamide and biochemical improvements have been observed at 6 months of follow-up. The outcome of this patient may provide important data about the effectiveness of glutamine and nicotinamide treatment in patients with congenital GS deficiency.
Socio-cultural aspects of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria
Authors: Chinenye S. , Ogbera A.
Published: November 2018

Undoubtedly, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with about 400 ethnic groups and languages. There is a double burden of disease with rising incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus. World Health statistics indicate that Nigeria has the highest number of diabetics in sub-Saharan Africa. In spite of advances in diabetes care and facilities, desired outcomes are not good and linked to this, patient satisfaction is not optimal. Reasons include inadequate attention to biological aspects of diabetes, inadequate or inappropriate pharmacology and psycho-socio-cultural factors. In this review, crucial socio-cultural factors in Nigeria include traditional medicine, religion, diet, physical activity patterns, foot care, awareness, and stress management. Diabetes programs in Nigeria should adopt the principles of education and psycho-social support highlighted by the DAWN study, integrating our socio-cultural heritage, empowering individuals to take charge of their diabetes and achieve desired health outcomes. Religion should be explored as a potential tool to reach out on facts whilst doing away with erroneous beliefs about diabetes mellitus.
Management of depression in diabetes: A review of psycho-social interventions
Authors: Balhara Yatan , Verma Rohit
Published: November 2018

Diabetes and depression are major public health problems associated with significant burden. They share many commonalities. Both the diseases have a very high prevalence, mortality, and disability. The current article reviews the available evidence on psycho-social interventions in management of depression in diabetes. A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Review for English language articles published during 1960-2012. There is limited published literature on role of psycho-social interventions in management of depression among diabetics. The available evidence suggests that psycho-social interventions, particularly CBT, are effective in improving depression in patients with diabetes. However, these interventions are not consistently associated with improvement in markers of glycemia control (HbA1c levels).