bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explorations anthropologiques autour du célibat des prêtres
Authors: Castiglioni Luca
Published: April 2021

Après un succinct rappel historique concernant la discipline du célibat sacerdotal, l’article propose une relecture critique des arguments apportés comme raisons de convenance pour ce choix, en montrant en quoi ils posent question aujourd’hui. La recherche s’ouvre ensuite en trois directions, entre elles imbriquées: une réinterprétation des éléments à l’appui de la discipline du célibat des prêtres, unis aux indications pour l’assumer de façon viable; une exploration du lien positif qui peut subsister entre le mariage et la prêtrise; un cadrage et une réflexion sur la question des viri probati .
« La psychanalyse dans la rue » : contributions de la psychodynamique du travail
Authors: Tarouquela Brasil Katia
Published: April 2021

Ce texte présente une expérience de clinique du travail dans le contexte d’une « clinique publique » éphémère installée au cœur même de l’espace urbain, dans les rues de Brasília. Un tel espace propose et promeut une écoute de leur souffrance à des sujets fragilisés par un système social basé sur l’oppression des travailleurs comme des chômeurs. La réflexion, ici proposée, se structurera autour d’un certain nombre de questions : qu’apporte la référence à la pdt dans l’écoute telle qu’elle se déploie dans ce cadre ? Comment comprendre la souffrance sociopolitique à la lumière de la psychanalyse et de la psychodynamique du travail ? À partir d’un regard critique posé sur le dispositif, il s’agira de réfléchir à ses limites et aux possibilités qu’il permet, et de discuter l’intérêt d’un tel dispositif en référence à l’éthique et à l’engagement social de la psychanalyse et de la psychodynamique du travail.
Correlates of the willingness to consume insects: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wassmann B. , Siegrist M. , Hartmann C.
Published: April 2021

Although insects are a sustainable meat alternative, the willingness to consume (WTC) them remains generally low. We synthesised the effects of WTC correlates reported in 37 studies and also investigated the moderating effects of certain study characteristics. Across a large number of studies, affect-based factors, such as ‘food neophobia’, ‘disgust’ and ‘the expected unpleasant taste of insects’, were consistently strongly correlated with WTC (r̄=-0.33-0.55). Information-based factors, such as ‘the perceived sustainability of insects as food’ and ‘the perceived nutritiousness of insects as food’, also impacted WTC (r̄=0.32-0.55). However, the number of contributing studies in this regard was low. Curiosity appears to be relevant to WTC because ‘food sensation and innovation seeking’ (r̄=0.29) positively impacted WTC. ‘Age, education and gender’ were relatively unrelated to WTC (r̄=-0.14-0.00) across a large number of studies. Combatting affective barriers through gradual and/or early exposure – i.e. increasing the ‘familiarity with the concept of eating insects’ (r̄=0.10) and allowing consumers’ experiences with ‘insect consumption’ (r̄=0.35) to develop over time – will help foster entomophagy acceptance in the long run. In comparison, information-based interventions may have limited effectivity, but they can be implemented in the short term. As meta-regressions have shown, future researchers must consider whether the presentation of the edible insects has moderating effects, e.g. presenting specific as compared to non-specific products (β=-0.47) or actual products (β=-0.56) and pictures of such products (β=-0.55) as compared to mere verbal descriptions. Classical psychological entomophagy factors have been explored comprehensively, and research should also adopt a more market-oriented focus.
Methods of Teaching-Revisited
Authors: Cooper Signe S
Published: April 2021

(First in a series of articles)
Methods of Teaching-Revisited Formal Discussion: The Seminar
Authors: Cooper Signe S
Published: April 2021

This is the sixth in a series of articles describing various methods of teaching adults, and it explores a formal discussion technique. Readers are invited to submit short articles on strategies they have found useful in teaching adults.
Methods of Teaching-Revisited A Format For Discussion
Authors: Sullivan Patricia A , Beeler Judith L
Published: April 2021

This article is a companion article to Signe Cooper's article on simulation in this issue.
Independent Study Modules
Authors: Cooper Signe S
Published: April 2021

Teaching Tips
Constructing Multiple-Choice Examinations: Item Writing
Authors: Chenevey Bonnie
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the principles of developing a reliable and valid multiple-choice examination. General guidelines of item writing are presented in addition to specific points for developing a well-defined stem and plausible options.
Self-Assessment via Videotaping to Maximize Teaching Effectiveness
Authors: Jeffers Jeanette M , Guthrie Diana W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The educator's behavior can influence the learner's responsiveness more effectively than any other teaching strategy. To enhance one's teaching presentation, the educator must assume responsibility for self-improvement and direction. Videotaped experience with self-directed assessments provide an effective strategy for nurses to enhance learning and impact patient education, continuing education, and inservice opportunities for nurses. Using the Performance Video Assessment Guide, the nurse educator can observe, focus, evaluate, and perfect teaching outcomes by viewing videotaped performances.
Care of the Aging Person: A Nursing Specialty-An Educational Series Developed by Staff Nurses
Authors: Davidson Bonnie , Tiivel Judy , Fevez Lynn , Gladish Karren , Sexsmith Pat , Telfer Sarah , Trotter Carolyn , Wabin Doris
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The increased focus on the needs of elderly people in the acute-care setting is a reflection of the interest and concern shown by society at this time. Not only is there an increasing number of elders in the population, but also an increased number of hospital beds are occupied by older adults (Gross & Schwenger 1981). On many acute-care units 35% to 50% of the patients are over 65.

In acute-care settings there is a need to increase professional awareness of the special needs of elderly patients. Elderly people with an acute illness are especially vulnerable because of age-related changes, multiple chronic diseases and the unfamiliar, fast-paced environment (Davidson, 1986). We all need to know more about the specific nursing needs of older patients and to recognize their full potential so we can help them to improve their functional ability and increase their independence. A series of 10 gerontological education seminars was developed in a large university teaching hospital to provide information that would foster positive attitudes about aging and that would enhance nursing care of elderly people. This paper will describe the successful development of a gerontological educational series by a committee largely composed of staff nurses.
DRAFT DODGER'S KNEE: UNUSUAL PATTERN OF CALCIFICATION IN THE KNEE SECONDARY TO OLIVE OIL INJECTION: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Hood Roger W , Insall John
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: In an effort to avoid military conscription, an occasional potential draftee would inject olive oil into the knee. The resulting swelling that occured enabled some of these individuals to avoid military service through involuntary induction. The long-term effects of this procedure can now be seen.
COMPUTERIZED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY-A METHOD OF LOCALIZING STEINMANN PIN MIGRATION: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Eaton Richard , Serletti Joseph
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Steinmann pins have long been used as a means of internally fixing acromioclavicular separations. A few reported cases have described the complications of pin migration.1-5 The purpose of this case report is to support computerized tomography for localizing foreign bodies in selected cases.
ARTHROPLASTY USING ACETABULAR IMPLANTS IN SECONDARY PROTRUSIONED HIPS
Authors: Udvarhelyi I
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

From 1979 to 1987, 102 operations were performed at the author's institution. The technique is simple and does not use any heterogenic material. There were no complications, except for one suppuration. Results are classified according to Charnley.
RESULTS OF ULTRASTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE CALF MUSCLES IN CLUBFOOT
Authors: Kránicz J , Trombitás K , Szatbó Gy
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Open biopsies were carried out on the muscles of 23 clubfoot patients, ages 9 months to 4 years. Electron microscopic analyses of the so-called "clubfoot muscles" and the peroneal muscles were performed. The changes found were not present in every area of the muscles, but were surrounded by fields of normal structure. Fatty degeneration with fibrosis was observed as the consequence of immobilization. More marked loss was found in the contractile elements. The authors believe that neuromuscular atrophy is a primary cause of congenital clubfoot. The most seriously affected muscles in this study were the tibialis posterior and peroneal muscles. The material failed to prove correlation with age. Based on their observations, the authors suggest finishing all types of immobilization before 1 year of age, when children begin to walk.
PRIMARY CERAMIC HIP REPLACEMENT: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 119 HIPS
Authors: Hoffinger Scott A , Keggi Kristaps J , Zatorski Laurine E
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A prospective study of 119 consecutive primary ceramic total hip arthroplasties (Autophor, Smith & Nephew) was performed. Follow up was 100% at a minimum of 3 years. Six hips were revised during the course of the study (5%). Harris hip scores were 29.0 preoperatively, 78.7 at 6 weeks, and 92.6 at 3.4 years (range: 62 to 100). Ninety-one percent of the 107 surviving hips at follow up had a good or excellent hip score. The clinical results matched those of Mittelmeier. Thigh pain was a frequent finding, but rarely presented a clinical problem. Our incidence of thigh pain may be higher than that of others because no patients were lost to follow up. The ceramic portion of the Autophor Ceramic Hip was well tolerated clinically and radiographically. The femoral component was responsible for 2% to 4% of the revisions, and we have now replaced it with a stem designed for bony stabilization.
DYNAMIC ELECTROMYOGRAPHY IN ACTIVE AND LIMITED WALKING BELOW-KNEE AMPUTEES
Authors: Pinzur Michael S , Asselmeier Marc , Smith Douglas
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Walking electromyography was performed in 12 below-knee amputees, who were amputated for peripheral vascular insufficiency. All were at least 1 year post-surgery and had no problems with the fit of their prostheses. Seven were coinmunity walkers and five were limited household ambulators. The quadriceps and hamstring muscles exhibited electrical activity during 60% and 64.7% of the gait cycle, respectively, in the active walkers, compared with 44.6% and 53.8% in the limited walkers. Quadriceps muscle activity was initiated almost 10% earlier in the active walkers, while hamstring muscle initiation was similar in both groups. The active walkers were able to maintain quadriceps and increase hamstring muscle activity to compensate for their absent ankle motors, while the limited walkers showed decreased activity in both muscle groups. The results of this preliminary study suggest that the dysvascular limited walking below-knee amputee does not use the quadriceps and hamstring muscles for propulsion during walking, and does not appear to reap the benefits of knee joint preservation.
INTRATHECAL MORPHINE: DOSAGE AND EFFICACY IN YOUNGER PATIENTS FOR CONTROL OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN FOLLOWING SPINAL FUSION
Authors: Blackman Ronald G , Reynolds James , Shively James
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Intrathecal morphine in an average dose of 0.01 mg/kg was given to 33 patients between ages 11 and 16 years who had spinal arthrodesis for idiopathic scoliosis. The morphine was administered intrathecally as a 10-cc bolus at the conclusion of the arthrodesis, but before closure. The goal was to study safety in terms of respiratory depression and pain relief Respirations occurred spontaneously in 30 of the 33 patients within 15 minutes of cessation of anesthesia. Respiratory depression occurred in five patients, four of whom had arterial blood pC02 levels >60 mm Hg. Thirty-one patients had relief of pain for 8 to >40 hours, averaging 18 hours. Two patients had no noticeable pain relief There appeared to be no relation between dose and pain relief in this limited dose range. We were unable to duplicate the long duration of pain relief reported elsewhere. We also were unable to decrease the side effects of respiratory depression and nausea to a level reported by others. It may be that the 10 cc bolus injected intrathecally circulates to the brain and ventricles faster than desired, or that factors relating to type of anesthesia or dose need to be considered. Low-dose intrathecal morphine does provide noticeable pain relief in younger patients undergoing spinal fusion. The side effects of nausea and respiratory depression can be managed safely with medication.
BITE WOUNDS TO THE UPPER EXTREMITY
Authors: Martin Daniel , Loth Timothy S
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The complications secondary to mismanaged or neglected bite wounds to the upper extremity can be devastating to upper extremity functioning. An organized approach to treatment can prevent infection and permanent disability.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH AUTOMATED PERCUTANEOUS DISCECTOMY: THE NUCLEOTOME® SYSTEM
Authors: Gill Kevin , Blumenthal Scott L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The Nucleotome® system was used to treat contained herniated nucleus pulposus of the lumbar spine over a 2-year period. The results were categorized as successful or unsuccessful according to patient perception and anticipated result. The overall success rate was 79%; 93% in private pay and 65% in workers' compensation. The causes of failure were three free fragments not identified in the preoperative scanning technique and 10 cases with significant back pain failing to respond to percutaneous techniques. Overall, percutaneous lumbar discectomy is believed to be an acceptable treatment technique for those patients with contained herniated nucleus pulposus.
INDUCTION OF OSTEOCHONDROMAS BY PERIOSTEAL RESECTION
Authors: Hwang Sung Kwan , Park Byeong Mun
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Forty immature and 40 mature rabbits which received periosteal resection from the proximal metaphyses or diaphyses of tibiae were evaluated for the occurrence of osteochondromas at the sites of periosteal defects. Thirteen of 20 immature tibiae with the periosteal defects at their proximal metaphyses showed osteochondromas covered by hyaline cartilage caps. We assume that the occurrence of osteochondroma at the metaphyseal region of growing long bone, where the periosteal defects were made, is due primarily to a decrease in the power of the periosteum to control the circumferential growth of the metaphysis, and is due secondarily to an abnormal proliferation of cartilage progenitors located in Ranvier's groove.
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS PROPHYLAXIS IN THE OUTPATIENT SETTING: PREVENTING COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING HOSPITAL DISCHARGE
Authors: Turpie Alexander G G
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Venous thromboembolism is an important complication in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Without prophylaxis, there is a 50% to 60% incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a 10% to 30% incidence of proximal vein thrombosis, and a 1% to 2% rate of fatal pulmonary embolism after total hip replacement. The incidence of DVT after knee arthroplasty is even higher, ranging from 55% to 70% and, although there are no accurate figures on the incidence of fatal pulmonary embolism, it is likely to be similar to that following hip arthroplasty. Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have been shown to be effective and safe in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing major orthopedic procedures. In comparative studies, LMWHs are more effective than adjusted dose heparin or warfarin without increased risk of bleeding.
CONSORTIUM DATA: COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN AND WARFARIN FOLLOWING TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT
Authors: Colwell Clifford W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The Consortium Study is a prospective, randomized research project designed to extend the medical community's understanding of the incidence of thromboembolic disease following hip replacement surgery. The study's methodology of assessing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) is by clinical symptomatology. Once clinical symptoms occur, diagnostic confirmation includes noninvasive techniques such as duplex ultrasonography, venography, VQ lung scan, and/or lung angiography. The study is designed to recruit a cohort of 4500 patients and will involve 150 medical centers in the United States. The final conclusion and definitive data of the incidence of DVT and PE, when comparing enoxaparin with warfarin, will be available after the full complement of 4500 patients is recruited. This study will demonstrate the incidence of thromboembolic disease during the acute hospital phase and the medium-term phase for the patient undergoing elective hip replacement.
Is Ultrasonography a Reliable Way to Confirm the Diagnosis of Morton's Neuroma?
Authors: Kaminsky Sean , Griffin Letha , Milsap James , Page Debbie
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of Morton's neuroma is based on patient history and clinical findings. Occasionally, however, the diagnosis still remains in doubt despite careful examination. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to evaluate such cases, its specificity remains unproven and its availability is not universal. Ultrasonography may offer a reasonable alternative to MRI. Eight patients clinically diagnosed with neuromas who had not responded to conservative care underwent ultrasonography. Sonography in each demonstrated a round or oval echogenic mass where a neuroma was believed to be present. Sonography on a control group of 10 asymptomatic patients (20 feet) revealed no such mass. Pathologic inspections of surgically resected specimens confirmed the diagnosis of Morton's neuroma. With no false positive results, this preliminary study indicates ultrasonography may be a specific diagnostic test for Morton's neuroma.
The Efficacy and Safety of the Hematoma Block for Fracture Reduction in Closed, Isolated Fractures
Authors: Furia John P , Alioto Richard J , Marquardt John D
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Fracture manipulation in the emergency department often requires some method of anesthesia. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of the hematoma block in patients with closed, isolated fractures requiring manipulative reduction. Sixty-one patients treated with a hematoma block (HB group) prior to fracture manipulation were compared with 53 patients treated with either intravenous sedation or "conscious sedation" (NHB group). Using a pain analog scale, patients rated their pain from 1 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) both prior to and during fracture manipulation. A pain differential score was calculated for each group. Results demonstrated pain differential scores of 2.7 and 0.8 for the HB and NHB groups, respectively. There were no complications associated with any of the procedures. Based on these results, we conclude that the hematoma block is an effective and safe method of providing anesthesia for fracture reduction in select patients.
Orderly Oriented Wire Mesh: A Novel Porous Coating
Authors: Naidu Sanjiv H , Moulton Mark J R , Cuckler J M , Ducheyne P
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

As an alternative to commercially available porous beads and fiber metal mesh, a new porous coating, orderly oriented wire mesh (OOWM), was developed. Rectangular plugs, 10×5×5 mm with porous-coated beads, and four different OOWM configurations were inserted into bilateral femoral condyles of adult beagles. Dogs were sacrificed immediately after implantation, and at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks postimplantation. Mechanical pullout strength of plugs revealed that porous beads are equivalent to the simplest OOWM at 12 weeks postimplantation. Of the four OOWMs tested, the 257×25 single layer was significantly more stable than others at 4 weeks postimplantation. These results indicate that in an in vivo unloaded model, OOWM is just as effective as the porous beads in achieving early bone ingrowth and stability.
Mechanical Evaluation of a Soft Cast Material
Authors: Zmurko Matthew G , Belkoff Stephen M , Herzenberg John E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

In this study, the structural and material properties of a new semi-rigid material, Scotchcast SoftCast (SCS), were compared to the properties of two rigid materials, plaster of pans (POP) and Scotchcast Plus (SCP). Cylinders and flat beams made from 4, 6, 8, and 10 layers of each casting material were tested in three-point bending and diametrical compression. Initial stiffness and yield force values of SCS casts were significantly lower than for casts of SCP and POP made of the same number of layers. Casts made from SCS may be indicated for non-rigid applications, but not where rigid immobilization is required.
The Lessons of Acetabular Component Fixation
Authors: Rorabeck Cecil H , Partington Paul F
Published: April 2021

Acetabular Fixation Options in the 1990s
Managing Bone Loss With Augmentation
Authors: Stulberg S David
Published: April 2021

Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Clinical Experience With the Molteno Implant in Advanced Infantile Glaucoma
Authors: Munoz Michelle , Tomey Karim F , Traverso Carlo , Day Susan H , Senft Susan H
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The alternatives in the management of infantile glaucoma refractory to conventional treatment are quite limited and unrewarding. We did a retrospective study of 49 patients (53 eyes) under 12 years of age with advanced, uncontrolled glaucoma who each underwent implantation of a single-plate Molteno implant in one stage. Over the follow-up period ranging from 6 months to 3 years (mean 18 months), 36 of the 53 eyes (68%) had an intraocular pressure « 21 mm Hg and were considered a success. Fourteen eyes (26%) required further glaucoma surgery, 2 eyes developed severe chronic hypotony, and 1 eye lost light perception following endophthalmitis. The number of anti-glaucoma medications was decreased from a mean of 2 (± 1) to 1 (± 1). The probability for success of the Molteno implant in controlling glaucoma increased with the age of the patient.

Six eyes (11%) were late failures, most probably due to fibrous encapsulation of the bleb. Complications observed were: prolonged hypotony and flat anterior chamber, retinal detachment, migration of the tube, erosion of the tube through the conjunctiva, and an ingrowth of fibrous tissue in the anterior chamber.

We consider the Molteno implant to be a reasonable option in the management of difficult cases of infantile glaucoma.
Bilateral Blinding Uveitis in a Child After Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation for Unilateral Congenital Cataract
Authors: Wilson-Holt Nichols , Hing Steven , Taylor David Samuel Irving
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A 3-year-old boy underwent secondary implantation of an iris supported intraocular lens following extraction of a unilateral congenital cataract. Eight months later, he developed a bilateral plastic uveitis which, in spite of intensive medical treatment, resulted in NPL (no perception of light) in the implanted eye and 2/60 vision in the fellow eye. Sympathetic ophthalmia possibly played a role in the pathogenesis of the uveitis.
Surgical Results in Brown Syndrome
Authors: Sprunger Derek T , von Noorden Gunter K , Helveston Eugene M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Surgical treatment for Brown superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome, now called Brown syndrome, has been advocated for patients with abnormal head posture or manifest hypotropia in primary gaze. Several surgical procedures with variable results and complications have been reported without consensus.

Techniques and results of treatment for Brown syndrome at two institutions were reviewed. Charts of all patients who had undergone surgical treatment at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex, and Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, lnd, between 1965 and 1989 were reviewed. The review yielded 38 patients.

Superior oblique tenectomy was the most efficacious initial procedure. Surgery was successful in the treatment of anomalous head posture associated with Brown syndrome. There was no loss of sensory function as a result of surgery, but surgery did not inevitably lead to improved sensory function. We do not advocate superior oblique weakening combined with simultaneous surgery for iatrogenic superior oblique palsy as an initial procedure for Brown syndrome, since nearly one-half of our patients did not develop superior oblique palsy when followed for more than 1 year.
Results of Unilateral Medial Rectus Recession in High AC/A Ratio Esotropia
Authors: Procianoy Edson , Justo Diane Marinho
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Twenty-five patients with high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratios and near esotropia of 15 to 35 prism diopters were treated with a 6- to 8-mm unilateral medial rectus recession according to the near deviation. In 24 patients (96%), the esodeviation was aligned within 10Δ, with a follow up ranging from 3 to 7 years. Only one patient had greater than 10Δ of esotropia (14Δ), and none became exotropic. This procedure appears to be a safe and effective method in the treatment of esotropia with high AC/A ratios, in a selected group of patients.
Bilateral Brown Syndrome in Three Siblings
Authors: Hamed Latif M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The vast majority of cases of Brown syndrome are considered to be of a nonfami Mal, sporadic nature. Documented instances of familial transmission are rare. All three siblings in one family pedigree showed bilateral Brown syndrome. Other family members were reportedly unaffected. The current cases, along with previous reports, support the concept that a subset of congenital Brown syndrome may have a strong hereditary basis, being transmitted either as an autosomal recessive genetic trait or an autosomal dominant disorder with decreased penetrance.
Laser Treatment of Eye Disorders in Children
Authors: Pollack A , Leiba H , Soroker D , Ezri T , Merlis P , Oliver M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The increasing range of indications for laser treatment and the development of new modalities of lasering have led to a growing tendency to extend this type of treatment to the pediatrie population. Problems of compliance in this age group often necessitate the use of general anesthesia. This report describes the operative technique used in 11 children (13 eyes) under the age of 13 years, all of whom underwent laser treatment under general anesthesia for a variety of ocular conditions. Argon or krypton laser photocoagulation was performed in eight children (10 eyes), seven of whom were treated for various retinal pathologies and one for an iris cyst. The other three children underwent Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy for secondary cataract.
Epibulbar Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Brothers With Xeroderma Pigmentosa
Authors: Hertle Richard W , Durso Frank , Metzler Jonathon P , Varsa E W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We report two brothers aged 6.6 and 5 years old with the De Sanctis-Cacchione variant of Xeroderma Pigmentosa. They had typically severe skin, and ocular and neurologic involvement. Both had epibulbar squamous cell carcinomas. The oldest presented with a large, invasive, epibulbar mass of the left eye which required enucleation. He also had an invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the right lower lid. The younger brother presented with a smaller papillomatous lesion at the medial limbus of the right eye. After removal, this was found to be squamous cell carcinoma in-situ. Flow cytometry done on the tumors revealed diploidy. The case descriptions, histopathology, and discussion of ocular manifestations are presented.
Ocular Fireworks Injuries in Children
Authors: Dhir S P , Shishko M N , Krewi A , Mabruka S
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Fourteen children and six adults presented in 1987 with firework-induced ocular injuries following celebrations of the Prophet Muhammad's birthday in Tripoli, Libya. The children's injuries were, typically, much more severe than those of the adults. Indigenous modifications to the fireworks, which are intended for children's use, render the devices into very dangerous missiles that, in the cases presented, resulted in the loss of one eye and serious damage to another. Educating children of the proper use of legal fireworks, and parents discouraging their children from modifying fireworks should help reduce the incidence of these severe ocular injuries.
Abnormal Function of the Parvocellular Visual System in Anisometropic Amblyopia
Authors: Shan Yang , Moster Mark L , Roemer Richard A , Siegfried John B
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To study the function of the parvocellular (P) and the magnocellular (M) visual systems with steady-state visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in anisometropic amblyopes.

Methods: A matrix of isolated checks was superimposed on a steady background with different check sizes and temporal frequencies to form specific stimuli to preferentially activate the P or the M visual system. The amplitude of the VEP fundamental frequency was analyzed at the electrode Oz of 5 anisometropic amblyopes and 22 normal subjects. The normal subjects were tested at two visual acuity (VA) levels, 20/20 and 20/40, modified by lenses, to match with the VA levels of the fellow eyes and the amblyopic eyes of the amblyopes, respectively.

Results: No significant amplitude difference was found between the dominant eyes and nondominant eyes of the normal subjects for either P or M stimuli at both 20/20 and 20/40 VA levels (P>.05). No significant amplitude difference was found between the fellow eyes of the amblyopes and the dominant eyes of normals for either P or M stimuli at 20/20 VA level (P>.05). A significant amplitude difference was found between the amblyopic eyes and the nondominant eyes of the normals for P stimuli (P<.05) but not for M stimuli (P>.05) at 20/40 VA level.

Conclusions: The amplitude of the VEP fundamental frequency was selectively reduced for P stimuli in anisometropic amblyopic eyes. This ciinicai electrophysiologic finding confirms that only the function of the P visual system is abnormal in anisometropic amblyopic eyes.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; 2000;37:73-78.
Evaluation of Hemodynamic Changes in the Ophthalmic Artery With Color Doppler Ultrasonography After Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Bayramlar Hüseyin , Totan Yüksel , Çkiç Osman , Yazicioglu Kamuran Mahmut , Aydin Erdinç
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To investigate the blood flow changes in ophthalmic artery with color Doppler ultrasonography after strabismus surgery.

Methods: Twenty eyes of 19 patients who underwent recession or resection surgery on two horizontal rectus muscles in 1 eye were examined using color Doppler ultrasonography preoperati vely and 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. Measurements from both eyes of 1 6 age- and sex-matched normal subjects served as control data. The systolic maximum velocity, mean velocity, end-diastolic velocity, pulsati I ity index, and resistance index of the ophthalmic artery were determined. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed for comparison of the control and study group preoperatively for any hemodynamic parameter. Statistical comparison of the preoperative and postoperative measures in the study group was performed with Friedman's two-way analysis of variance.

Results: No difference (P>.05) was observed preoperatively between the study and control groups for any hemodynamic parameter in the ophthalmic artery. Although the ophthalmic artery showed a slight increase in systolic maximum velocity 1 month postoperatively, there were no statistically significant differences (P>.05) in velocities or resistance in the ophthalmic artery at any interval.

Conclusion: Two horizontal rectus muscle operations in a previously unoperated eye do not cause significant hemodynamic changes in the ophthalmic artery. However, further studies are needed to obtain more information about the effect of multiple vertical rectus muscle operations on the blood flow parameters of the ophthalmic artery.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:94-100.
Effect of Bipolar Cautery on Tensile Strength of 6-0 Polyglactin 910 Suture
Authors: Eustis H Sprague , Marshburn John S
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To determine the effect of bipolar cautery on 6-0 polyglactin 910 suture.

Methods: Three groups of sutures were tested for maximum tensile strength. The first group (direct cautery) had bipolar cautery applied directly to the suture. The second group (scleral cautery) had bipolar cautery applied directly on top of the sclera, through which the suture was passed onehalf scleral thickness. The third group (control) had no application of cautery to the suture.

Results: The mean tensile strength for the direct cautery sutures (n=8) was 553 g; for the scleral cautery sutures (n=7), 577 g; and for the control sutures (n=5), 553 g. There was no statistically significant difference in tensile strength between the three groups, with the analysis of variance yielding P=.56.

Conclusion: Bipolar cautery causes little to no risk of reducing the tensile strength of 6-0 polyglactin 910 suture in the setting of strabismus surgery.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:156-158.
Combined Effect of Polytetrafluoroethylene and 5-Fluorouracil on Delayed Adjustable Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Hwang Jeong-Min , Chang Bong Leen
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine a more reliable method for performing delayed suture adjustment to prevent the formation of postoperative adhesions and delay the time of adjustment.

Methods: Thirty-two rabbit eyes were divided into three groups. After recession of the superior rectus muscle, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was administered beneath and over the superior rectus muscle in group 5-FU (12 eyes); polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and 5-FU were administered in group P-f (1 0 eyes); and PTFE, 5-FU, and Viscoat (chondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate, Alcon Laboratories Ine, Fort Worth, Tex) were administered in group P-fv (1 0 eyes). Delayed adjustment was performed once on each superior rectus muscle at 1 , 2, and 3 weeks postoperatively in group 5-FU and at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively in groups P-f and P-fv. The length and force for the adjustment and the degree of adhesions were recorded.

Results: The use of fluorouracil allowed adjustment to be delayed up to 1 week after surgery in three of four eyes. The combined use of PTFE and 5-FU or addition of Viscoat allowed adjustment to be delayed for up to 4 weeks after surgery in four of five eyes.

Conclusion: The combined use of PTFE, 5-FU and Viscoat is useful for delaying suture adjustment in rabbit eyes.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:163-167.
Intraocular Lens Implantation in Marfan's Syndrome
Authors: Vadalà Pasquale , Capozzi Paolo , Fortunato Michele , DeVirgiliis Elisabetta , Vadalà Francesca
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To describe the results of the removal of ectopic lenses from patients with Marfan's syndrome using the scleral fixation method.

Methods: Intraocular lenses (IOLs) were implanted in six eyes affected by lens dislocation (ectopia lentis) using either the scleral fixation method (five eyes) or a silicone IOL in the capsular bag (one eye). Mean patient age ranged from 8-11 years and follow-up ranged from 7-20 months.

Results: Functional success was obtained in all eyes. Postoperative visual acuity was 20/20 to 20/40. One patient showed a dislocation of the IOL in the anterior chamber. In three eyes, an opacification of the posterior capsule was treated using an Nd:YAG laser.

Conclusion: Intraocular lense implantation using the scleral fixation technique is the first choice in patients with Marfan's syndrome because it reduces the complications of IOL decentration.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:206-208.
Borish Vectographic Nearpoint Card II Contour and Random Dot Stereoacuity in Children
Authors: Kulp Marjean Taylor
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To determine the completion rate and normative values for the Borish Vectographic Nearpoint Card II (Stereo Optical Co, Inc, Chicago, III) contour and random dot stereoacuity tests in children.

Methods: Children had to pass a modified clinical screening technique to be included in the study to eliminate vision problems that could potentially affect stereoacuity. One hundred forty-six children in second through fourth grade (mean age: 8.27 years) from a middle class, suburban, primarily white, elementary school near Columbus, Ohio participated in this investigation. Random dot and contour stereoacuity were measured using the Borish Vectographic Nearpoint Card II.

Results: All of the children were able to identify which circle had disparity on the 1280 seconds of arc contour stereoacuity target, but six children were unable to perceive the "E" on the 1280 seconds of arc random dot target. The median stereoacuity was 80 seconds of arc on both the contour and random dot stereotests in this population.

Conclusion: A high completion rate was found on both the contour and random dot stereoacuity tests. Median stereoacuities were higher on the Borish Vectographic Nearpoint Card Il in this population than those previously reported with the Randot contour stereoacuity test and Randot Preschool random dot stereoacuity test in children.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:209-213.
The Effects of Experimentally Induced Anisometropia on Stereopsis
Authors: Oguz Halit , Oguz Velittin
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To determine the effects of experimentally induced anisometropia on stereopsis in healthy adults to assess the potentially detrimental effects of uncorrected anisometropia on the development of stereoacuity during childhood.

Methods: Twenty-one healthy adult volunteers ranging in age from 22-34 years (mean: 27 years) and free of ocular disease participated in the study. Four different types of anisometropia (unilateral myopia, unilateral hyperopia, or unilateral astigmatism [90° or 45°]) were induced in random order by placing trial lenses over the right eye in 1 diopter (D) increments ranging from 1-3 D. Stereoacuity was measured using the Titmus stereotest with patients placing the cross-polarizing stereoacuity glasses over their lenses or trial frames.

Results: Stereoacuity levels were reduced in proportion to the degree of anisometropia in all patients. One diopter of spherical anisometropia reduced stereoacuity to an average 57-59 arc seconds; 1 D of cylindrical anisometropia reduced stereoacuity to an average 51-56 arc seconds. Three diopters of anisometropia, regardless of type, produced a marked reduction of stereoacuity in all patients.

Conclusions: Low levels of anisometropia, both spherical and astigmatic, can have potentially significant adverse effects on high-grade binocular interaction in adults. Foveal suppression, which is directly related to the degree of anisometropia, may be responsible for the loss of stereopsis. The data suggest the effects of anisometropia on stereopsis should be considered in the empiric correction of anisometropic refractive errors in children.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:214-218.
Psychiatric Patients' Perceptions of Waiting Time in the Psychiatric Emergency Service
Authors: Roper Janice M , Manela Julita
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Recent customer service surveys have indicated that patients in the Psychiatric Emergency Service (PES) are increasingly dissatisfied with the "waiting" time connected with expanded services. This study examined the impact of six interventions that altered the environment of waiting patients and their resulting perceptions of time spent in PES. The interventions were communication (three styles), relaxing music, educational videos, and recreational activities. Each intervention was conducted for 7 days, followed by 7 days of no intervention. Patients completed a Time Assessment Tool that measured expectations of, perceptions of, and satisfaction with waiting time. These data were compared to actual time, as reflected on the log maintained in the PES. In general, environmental interventions reduced patients' perceived time, compared to no intervention. Significantly, interacting with patients with caring and concern consistently resulted in a reduced perception of waiting time, compared to the other interventions.
Health Maintenance Behaviors of Individuals With Severe and Persistent Mental Illness in a State Prison
Authors: Yurkovich Eleanor , Smyer Tish
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this grounded theory study is to define health and health-seeking behaviors of incarcerated individuals experiencing severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) in a state prison. The strategies used to prevent loss of control and maintain health in the prison environment were examined. Nineteen incarcerated individuals with SPMI were interviewed in a state prison. Constant comparative analysis of the data revealed that while establishing a "fit" with the core variable "loss of control" and its identified properties, differences were found in the enactment of health maintenance behaviors related to properties in the prison environment.

Several of these behaviors are inconsistent with behaviors expected of individuals in a community day treatment center and reflect a need for bridging programs to facilitate entry into the "free" world. Correctional nurses and mental health providers in this system can advocate for incarcerated individuals with SPMI by developing programs that provide cost-effective intermediate care and collaborating with community health systems for continuity of care. The findings related to alcohol and drug abuse among incarcerated individuals with SPMI challenges mental health providers in both correctional facilities and community-based programs to generate appropriate and effective substance abuse treatment programs for these individuals.
MEASURING Sexual Arousal
Authors: Lawson Louanne
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The impact of sexual offenses and abuse is incalculable, both on the victims themselves and the society responsible for protecting them. Identifying people who sexually offend against adults and children and preventing them from engaging in abusive behavior in the future requires valid and reliable methods that accurately identify the perpetrators' characteristics and measure treatment effectiveness. This article reviews the literature on penile plethysmography (PPG), a mechanism by which erectile response to deviant sexual stimuli can be measured.
Fall Incidence in a State Psychiatric Hospital in Singapore
Authors: Tay Sim-Eng Clara , Quek Choon-Siang , Pariyasami Santhathevi D/O , Ong Bee-Cheng Samantha , Wee Boon-Chin Michael , Yeo Jooi-Lee , Yeo Soo-Gim
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The results of a retrospective study of fall incidence during a 1 -year period in a psychiatric hospital in Singapore are reported, involving 309 patients who fell one or more times during their stay. The profile of inpatients involved in falls was identified. Data were derived from standard incident forms completed whenever patients had a fall. A total of 348 falls were identified for the 1-year period. Results revealed higher fall rates in younger male epileptic patients; elderly female patients, age 70 and older with depression or dementia; individuals with concomitant medical conditions; and patients taking three types of medication. The majority of falls occurred when the activity level was high in the ward. Young epileptic patients and elderly depressed patients were prone to repeated falls. These results have the potential to assist in identifying patients at high risk and in designing and implementing strategies to prevent such incidents.
Inverse Arcuate Incision: A New Approach to the Correction of Astigmatism
Authors: Thornton Spencer P
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Standard concentric arcuate transverse corneal relaxing incisions flatten the meridian incised and steepen the meridian 90° away, a phenomenon designated "coupling". We have demonstrated a new method of reducing the steep corneal curvature without inducing coupling, by utilizing both transverse and radial components of an inverse arcuate incision. This technique has been found useful in cases of myopic astigmatism because it reduces the myopic spherical equivalent, which is left unchanged by standard arcuate incisions, without having to place radial incisions. [Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:27-30.)
Does the Progressive Increasing Effect of Radial Keratotomy (Hyperopic Shift) Correlate With Undetected Early Keratoconus?
Authors: Saragoussi Jean-Jacques , Pouliquen Yves J M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Keratoconus suspect is a new clinical entity revealed by videokeratography. We perform systematic videokeratography on all candidates for refractive surgery, and have identified a keratoconus suspect in more than 10% of eyes. A lot of patients with undetected early keratoconus have been operated on since 1980. We suggest a possible correlation between early keratoconus suspect and the hyperopic shift following radial keratotomy. Our arguments are based on clinical observations, knowledge about pathogenesis of keratoconus and the mechanism of action of radial keratotomy, and epidemiological considerations. [Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:45-48.)
Refractive Corneal Surgery With the Draeger Rotary Microkeratome in Human Cadaver Eyes
Authors: Stonecipher Karl G , Parmley Vernon C , Rowsey J James , Fowler W Craig , Nguyen Hanh , Terry Mark
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Instrumentation for performing a uniform lamellar keratoplasty has been undergoing various stages of refinement. Reliable reproduction and uniform thickness and diameter of lamellar resections is required before lamellar refractive keratoplasty can be considered safe and effective.

METHODS: The authors used the Draeger rotary microkeratome with mechanical blade advance for lamellar dissections in 61 human cadaver eyes prepared by injecting Swinger-Kommehl (SK) solution into the anterior chamber to a pressure of 35 to 40 mm Hg and by soaking for 30 minutes in SK solution. Spacer sizes of 0.25 to 0.40 units were utilized using an anterior lamellar disc diameter estimate between 8.0 and 8.5 mm and a stromal lamellar disc diameter estimate between 5.5 and 6.5 mm. Preoperative pachometry, anterior and stromal lamellar disc thicknesses, and anterior and stromal lamellar disc diameters were measured.

RESULTS: The Draeger unit created anterior lamellar thickness between 100 and 268 µm. Stromal lamellar disc thicknesses were consistently between 90 and 161 µG?. The continuous, unidirectional, rotary blade and the uniform mechanical advance of the instrument produced a generally uniform bed as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, although undulations were still present.

CONCLUSION: The Draeger microkeratome produced regular lamellar dissections; however, predictability of the thickness of the lenticules varied 10% to 20%, and of the diameter, 1.5% to 15%. Predictability improved with experience. This variability may reduce predictability of refractive outcome. [Refract Corneal Surg. 1 994; 1 0:49-55.)