bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Design Model of Technological Parameter for Multi-Layer Reservoir Profile Control
Authors: Zhang An Gang , Fan Zi Fei , Song Heng , Yao Jiang Yuan
Published: August 2013

Following the criterion of zero pollution for non-target layer, an optimization model for multi-layer reservoir profile control was established by reservoir engineering method. Combining the selective injection mechanism of profile control agent, the whole injection process of profile control agent was simulated by the iteration calculation method of time step splitting. Firstly, the activated range of profile control layer was judged by means of threshold pressure of each formation; secondly, the flow rate of profile control agent was distributed by the water absorption index of each layer; finally, the wellhead injection pressure was calculated base on the pressure equilibrium mechanism. The model not only can be used to optimize the injection displacement and total injection volume of profile control, but also to predict the grading pressure during the process of profile control. In addition, the sensitivity of parameters in this model was analyzed, such as injection displacement, viscosity and resistance factor. Ultimately, the optimal design of injection parameters of profile control for an actual well group was put into practice.
Application of the Imitation Horizontal well Technique in the Development of Low Permeability Reservoirs
Authors: Dong Yan , Xu An Zhu
Published: August 2013

The fluid flowing resistance increase and the water absorbing capacity reduce due to the threshold pressure gradient and media deformation of the low permeability reservoirs in the course of development. The oil production of vertical wells may decrease fastly and the controlled reservers are hard to recover. The development effects are not satisfied. Through great fracturing measurements create many fractures, and fractures extended along the direction of well line, the long fracture channels were formed like horizontal well segments. This kind of long fracture was called as horizontal segment of imitation horizontal well. It can broad drainage radius in production well and increase controlled reserves and daily oil production of single well. In this paper, the influence factors of the low permeablity reservoirs development by imitation horizontal wells were analysised. Through well pattern, well distance, line distance, injector and producer parameters and fracturing parameters of imitation horizontal well optimization, drainage radius in lower permeability reservoirs can be reached to 200 meters, the daily production in single well can increase two times of that before, and the production result was improved greatly in lower permeability reservoirs development.
Applying Analytic Hierarchy Process to Determine Separate Layer Water Injection Rate of Single Well
Authors: Shan Wu Yi , Cui Wei Lin , Li Yong Sheng
Published: August 2013

The separate layer water injection rate determines the result of water injection. In the past, in order to inject a proper amount of water into different intervals, most of the time people would rely on their experiences. By employing this method, the amount of work was enormous and the result was not necessarily accurate. In this paper, five factors that would affect the water injection rate are taken into consideration, such as, thickness of the main well, the connected thickness, permeability, number of connected wells and oil saturation. A method of determining the proper water injection rate of single wells based on analytic hierarchy process is proposed. This method has been proven to be simple and accurate, the test result of a mathematical model also shows it fits the requirements of the oil field exploitation with current water cut and it is of great value to practical applications.
Applying BP Neural Network to Determine Proper Water Injection Intensity of Water Drive Oil Field
Authors: Shan Wu Yi , Cui Wei Lin , Li Yong Sheng
Published: August 2013

In this paper, combining previous research on methods of determining water injection rate, dividing coefficient is introduced into this process. Influential factors of water injection rate are also taken into consideration. Based on those theories mentioned above, an analysis on determining dividing coefficient is made by applying BP neural network. Data from one particular year of exploitation was chosen to build up a neural network model between the dividing coefficient and other factors to determine the dividing coefficient, and then single well water injection rate was determined.
Effects of Different Ions on the Corrosion Behavior of SM 80SS Tubing Steel in CO2/H2S Containing Aqueous Solution
Authors: Lin Guan Fa , Dong Xun Chang , Zhu Shi Dong , Bai Zhen Quan
Published: August 2013

As an attempt to contribute to the understanding of the corrosion processes of anti-sulfur steel in CO2 and H2S containing environment with different species, the corrosion behavior of SM 80SS tubing steel immersed in CO2 and H2S containing solution was analyzed in this work. To determine the corrosion behavior of SM80SS steel, the linear polarization resistance (LPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used, as well as weight loss test and surface analysis. The results showed that the presence of Cl- quickened the anodic dissolution processes and rapidly increased the corrosion rate of SM 80SS steel, and that the addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+ reduced corrosion rate. The corrosion processes of SM 80SS steel were controlled by the electrochemical reaction in the initial period and then converted to be controlled by electrochemical and activation reaction with increasing Cl-. Keywords: SM 80SS tubing steel; CO2/H2S corrosion; EIS; Chloride; Ca2+ + Mg2+
Paleo-Heat Flow Anomaly at the End of Middle Permian in NE Sichuan Basin, SW China: Did an Ocean Trough Exist?
Authors: Zhu Chuan Qing , Rao Song , Hu Sheng Biao
Published: August 2013

It is an issue whether the Kaijiang-Liangping area (in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, SW China) was a controversial ocean trough during Changxing age in the late Permian-early Triassic. Some vitrinite reflectance (Ro) profiles from wells in the northeastern Sichuan Basin show obvious breaks, and the breaks are coincident with the boundary between the middle Permian and late Permian. Based on the Ro data, the heat flow history in the northeastern Sichuan Basin was reconstructed. The result shows that the heat flow reached its peak value at the end of middle Permian (~260Ma). The spatiotemporal feature of the heat flow evolution is not in agreement with the fact that there was a Kaijiang-Liangping Trough existing in the late-Permian to early Triassic. The palaeo-heat flow anomaly was, in fact, a response to the igneous activity in late middle Permian.
Hydrocarbon Accumulation Conditions and Reservoir Characteriscs of Shahejie Formation in Tangzhuang Area
Authors: Wang Ming Jian , Zhang Xun Hua
Published: August 2013

Guided by the theory of petroleum system, we analyzed hydrocarbon accumulation elements and conditions of the Shahejie Formation in Tangzhuang area and concluded the hydrocarbon accumulation model based on the geological and geophysical data. Hydrocarbon comes from the source rock of Es3 in Linyi sub-sag located to the southeast of Tangzhuang area. Reservoir mainly is clastic, followed by carbonate. There are 4 source-reservoir-cap assemblages in the Shahejie Formation. The Es3 source rock of different tectonic units in Linnan sub-sag has experienced different hydrocarbon generation stages. The central region experienced two hydrocarbon generation stages while the edge only experienced one stage. The hydrocarbon generated by the source rock of Es3 in Linnan sub-sag mainly migrated to Tangzhuang area along fault and sand body. The structural trap is the dominant type followed by structure-lithologic trap and lithologic trap. Based on the analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation condition, we concluded the lower generating and upper reserving model of the study area. The findings will play an important role in guiding Tangzhuang oil and gas exploration.
Job Safety Analysis Model of Great Wall Drilling Company Mud Logging Operation
Authors: Wang Jian Bin , Luo Yun , Cheng Wu Yi
Published: August 2013

This paper does a comprehensive research on job safety analysis framework, characteristics and issues involved in Great Wall Drilling Company Mud logging operation; through research on Mud logging operation safety situation and all kinds of accidents, detailed discussions have been made on the all kind of feature including identify the job hazards and assess the risk personnel ; through JSA(job safety analysis) cases verifying the applicability and effectiveness of JSA method in Great Wall Drilling Company Mud logging operation proposed in this paper, we can see that the JSA method can be used to evaluate program.
Study on Streamline Distribution of Horizontal Linear well Pattern in Anisotropic Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Cheng Lin
Published: August 2013

In order to visually reflect the characteristics of flowing tracks of horizontal linear well pattern in anisotropic reservoirs, By means of the source-sink theory, Newmans product method and potential superposition principle, the transient flow pressure distribution equation of horizontal well pattern is obtained, the calculation method of seepage field streamline is presented, and the distribution law for streamline is studied. It is shown that the streamline of horizontal linear well pattern is sensitive to the reservoir anisotropic and horizontal well length. In the pattern of well, there is a reasonable well spacing and row spacing under a given degree of anisotropy, which can maximize the effect of displacement and the productivity of horizontal well. The drainage area of production well will increase with the increasing of horizontal well length, which can improve the productivity of horizontal well. The streamline plots generated by this method can provide a scientific basis for the design of horizontal development well pattern, analysis of remain oil and optimization of injection strategy in anisotropic reservoirs.
The Research on Improving the Efficiency of Injection-Production of the Lamadian Oilfield in Ultra-High Water Cut Stage
Authors: Nie Chun Lin , Ma Shi Zhong , Chen Hong Kui
Published: August 2013

With the oil field developing, the water cut increased, gradually and the efficiency of injection-production reduced year by year. Since the water flooding of Lamadian Oilfield entered extra high water cut period, the distribution of flow flied become more and more complex. The distribution of remaining oil and ineffective circulation is complex. The existing of ineffective circulation led to the flooding efficiency reducing sharply and cost of crude oil per ton by water flooding increased. In order to control production energy consumption in the extra high water cut, the method of improving the efficiency of Injection-production is studied in the Lamadian oilfield. Through the analysis of injection-production status, the factors that influence the injection efficiency is studied. The distribution of ineffective circulation which seriously affects the efficiency of Injection-production is made clearly. According to the factors that influence the efficiency of injection-production, based on flow field characteristics of water flooding, the countermeasure to enhance efficiency of injection-production is put forward in order to reduce the energy consumption and cost of producing crude oil.
Balance of Raw Input and Energy of Titanium Slag Smelting in Closed High Power Direct Current Electric Arc Furnace
Authors: Han Feng Xia , Sang Xiu Li , Xu Jian Xin
Published: August 2013

There were two controlling factors, which should be kept balance of raw input and energy during titanium slag smelting in closed high power direct current electric arc furnace, DC furnace for short. The first factor contains compositions and ratio of input raw materials. Compositions of the raw could influence the progress and technical indicators of DC furnace smelting, and on the meanwhile, it could determine the compositions of impurity and contents of TiO2 in titanium slag. On the other hand, the ratio of input infected the compositions of the slag, while too much anthracite would disadvantage to produce high quality slag because of impurity being reduced continually. Meanwhile much more low-state titanium would be generated. The second factor was an important one that energy equilibrium, which influence the production safety of DC furnace. It could keep balance of input and output energy, while the heatloss was 4.971 MVA. While the ratio of anthracite remained the same, the energy would effect slag viscosity and equilibrium of freeze lining directly. The energy input higher than smelting need would result in burnthrough of furnace wall and hearth, on the contrary, lower than smelting need would bring about slagging difficulties. Consequently, raw input and energy must be kept dynamic balance in order to achieve high quality titanium slag and protect freeze lining.
Researching on Geological Characteristics and Economic Significance of Jinla Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit in Cangyuan County, Yunnan
Authors: Wu Rong Xue , Li Wen Chang , Liu Wei , Zeng Lei
Published: August 2013

Jinla Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in Cangyuan county of Yunnan province is occured in the Yungou Formation of Ximeng Group. The occurrence and morphology of the orebody are controlled by the regional tectonic crush belts. The type of the deposit is altered tectonic crush belts, and the mainly metallic minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrite, siderite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and argentite. The raw ore contain Pb 3.36%, Zn 4.13%. By reviewing the exploitation economic value of the deposit, the deposit meets the requirements of current industry in the technology and economy. The mine is a large-scale mine, which provides a huge reserve of resources for the sustainable development of national economy.
Effect of Na2SO4 on the Salt Discharge from Sodium Aluminate Liquor
Authors: Wang Jia Wei , Jia Yong Zhen , Li Jun Qi
Published: August 2013

Aiming at the research and develop of high sulfur bauxite, the salt discharge experiment in sodium aluminate seeded precipitation mother liquor had been studied. The results proved that, in the evaporation process, Na2Ok concentration should be controlled in 300-320g/l to prevent Al (OH)3 from precipitation. The additive amount of Na2SO4 had a great influence on the precipitate of Na2CO3, Na2SO4 and Al (OH)3. The precipitation rate increased with the increasing of Na2SO4 content. All things considered, salt discharge effect was better when Ns was 4.5~5g/l.
Characterization of Preparing Cold Bonded Carbon Bearing Pellets of Metallurgical Dust for Direct Reduction
Authors: Zuo Jin Shui , Wu Cheng Bo , Kang Zhi Yuan , Lei Jie , He You You
Published: August 2013

This paper involves the preparation of cold bonded carbon bearing pellets of metallurgical dust for direct reduction using binder. Investigation reveals that the binder is of vital concern to the preparation of cold bonded carbon bearing pellets. For agglomeration these metallurgical dust, quick lime displays excellent adhesive ability. The strength of pellets with addition 10% quick lime and mixing 9% moisture content after 2 h dried are about 700 N and over 20 times respectively, which is enough to charge the composite pellets into rotary hearth furnace or rotary kiln. In cold bonding, the (3, 3) simplex lattice method was used to find a blend of binders that would result in optimum mechanical properties. Pellets were made up by composite binders, in which quick lime content within the range from 5 to 10%, bentonite content within the range from 0 to 2% and X from 0 to 0.7% possessing the CSP and DSP higher than 300 N, 11 times respectively, from the models of the mechanical properties.
Particles Movement Simulation of Screw Transporting in Rotary Kiln
Authors: Xu Ping , Cheng Ming , Liu Jun , Liu Xiao Feng
Published: August 2013

Rotary kilns are widely used in metallurgical industry. By using the software of Solid Edge, the geometric model could be established. Then the model was imported into the discrete element simulation software of EDEM 2.4. Material in the rotary kiln was regarded as particles. Regardless of the floating of the screw in the cylinder, the rotation speed of cylinder and screw could be set. By the "grid bin group" option of the "analyst" module, the simulation model was divided into sections. Finally the relative particles motion charts and particles distribution could be obtained and analyzed. Comparing with the traditional physical prototype testing method, it is more economic and efficient. It has a certain reference value to the study of the particles movement in the rotary kiln.
Study on Nickel Nanopowders Prepared by Arc Plasma
Authors: Hou Cong Hua , Chen Yun Ge
Published: August 2013

In order to prepare the nickel nano-metal with high purity and uniform particle size , the arc plasma method was used. The nano-Ni was got under a constant current , voltage , barometric pressure, hydrogen and argon gas . The nickel nanopowders were tested through the Scan Electron Microscope (SEM ), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Laser Sizer Analysis (LSA). The results indicated that the feature of the nickel nanopowders were mainly spherical, smooth surface. The nickel powder particle distribute from 40 to 80nm. And average particle size is 60nm. Nanocrystals had a better internal crystallinity. The crystal structure is face-centered cubic FCC structure, the same as ordinary nickel nanoparticles .
Sedimentology and Coalbed Methane Geology of Middle Jurassic Coal Measures in Juhugeng Mine, Qinghai Province
Authors: Li Meng , Zhang Zheng Fei , Zhang Sheng , Wang Ming Ming , Gao Xiang Dong , Shao Long Yi
Published: August 2013

Field-based lithofacies in the Middle Jurassic coal measures of the Juhugeng coal mine area of Qinghai Province have been identified employing lithology, geometry and lateral facies relationships. The coal measures were deposited in a range of environments spanning from braided river, delta to lake, and economic coal seams have been formed in the deltaic interdistributary bay and fluvial flood basin environments. The coal has a rank ranging from gas coal to coking coal, and the vitrinite macerals have a relatively high content, being from 60%~80%. Cleats and fractures of coal reservoirs are well developed. The isothermal adsorption experiments reveal that coal in the Juhugeng mine has relatively low Langmuir volume and relatively high Langmuir pressure with low to medium absorbability. All these conditions are beneficial to the formation and preservation of the coalbed methane.
Relationship between Irradiation Direction of the Light Source and Direction of Visual Axis
Authors: Zhao Hai Tian , Hu Yan Peng , Yao Qi
Published: August 2013

Retinal illuminance was the effective illuminance vector arrived at the retina;This article engaged in a study of the irradiation direction of the light source and the direction of the visual axis under two cases: the light source to regular reflection surface and irregular reflection surface, and tried to inquiry in what proportion of lighting flux can actually arrive at places needed and the retina based on the research of angle relationships, it can give guidance for indoor and outdoor lighting design.
A Framework for the Study of Urban Space Form Oriented Toward Low-Carbon Travel
Authors: Zhang Ya Wei , Li Jun , Xu Zhen Min
Published: August 2013

With sustainable development as the goal to be accomplished, this paper proposes a framework for the study of urban space form oriented toward low-carbon travel. There are four steps in the study framework. The first step is to make explanation on behaviors analyzing the low-carbon travel behavior from the two aspects of transportation and environment impacts. The second step is to identify the influence relationship exploring the mutual influence relationship between low-carbon travel behaviors and built environment, thus build the system of environmental factors influencing low-carbon travel modes. The third step is to provide views and understandings on spatial demand proposing a series of space development solutions and strategies for realizing of low-carbon travel. The forth step is to develop the space pattern putting forward spatial features and design principles, thus form typed pattern language for the urban space oriented toward low-carbon travel.
Development of an Evaluation Model for the Level of Rail Transit Service
Authors: Guo Yan Yong , Wu Yao , Bai Lu , Fan Rong
Published: August 2013

This study developed an evaluation model for the level of rail transit service based on the matter-analysis theory. Firstly, an evaluation system of rail transit service level which contains 14 indicators was proposed. Secondly, the evaluation model based on the matter-analysis theory was constructed and the key process was proposed. Whats more, the weights of indicators were calculated using AHP method. Thirdly, by calculating the degree of membership and interrelation value of evaluation indicators with regard to evaluation levels, the RT-LOS and its trend are judged. Finally, a case study of Xi'an Metro Line 2 was conducted to verify the model.
Development of an Evaluation Model of Freeway Traffic Safety Facilities System
Authors: Guo Yan Yong , Wu Yao , Song Liang , Duan Hui
Published: August 2013

This study developed an evaluation model of freeway traffic safety facilities system. Firstly, an evaluation system of freeway traffic safety facility was proposed. Secondly, an evaluation model was proposed based on attribute recognition theory. And the evaluation result was identified according to the attribute measure value of single index and the comprehensive attribute measure value of multiple indexes as well as the confidence criterion. Thirdly, the weight of each indicator was decided by variation coefficient. Finally, A case of TAI-GAN freeway (K1+242~K3+259 segment) was conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.
Research on Economics and Traffic Survey City Area
Authors: Ye Xiong Ying , Song Jin Bo
Published: August 2013

With the deepening of the market economy, personnel flow, logistics, information flow, capital flow and other factors flow on the importance of economic development more and more intuitive, traffic more and more reflect the high-speed operation of the society, the traffic impact on the economic development to a certain extent, also reflects the economic development of a region. Economic development depends on the traffic is also growing. In almost every city in the country are faced with the same social hot spots, especially in the further development of the city, it is more and more obvious, to resolve this contradiction is not a department or a personal wish, but the urgent demand of the whole society in the process of constructing. Based on the basic situation of Nanchang city traffic as a model of the basic analysis, put forward the solution, can provide reference for government decision-making.
Research on Public Bicycle Rental Station Layout
Authors: Zheng Chao , Wang Xi Fu , Wu Chun
Published: August 2013

Public bicycle rental system plays an important role in the construction of low-carbon city and the development of green traffic system. The reasonable layout of public bicycle station can ease the traffic jam effectively and improve the level of public bicycle service. This paper expounds the principles of bicycle station layout. With an analysis of the public bicycle traffic chain, classify the bicycle stations into 5 types and determine the relationship of each point. Finally, the paper built a bi-level model combined of feedback model spilt and traffic assignment model. The optimization model can make the travel and construction costs of the whole system get to the lowest, and it effectively solve the layout problem of bicycle rental stations.
Application of Catastrophe Theory in Traffic Flow of Highway Tunnel Group
Authors: Zhan Wei , Shang Yue Quan , Chi Feng Xia
Published: August 2013

Based on the investigation of traffic flow in a typical highway tunnel group, the traffic flow characteristics were analyzed by catastrophe theory with the relationship of the speed, volume and density. The discontinuous leaping change phenomenon of the traffic data under large traffic volume is better explained by the catastrophe model than the traditional ways. The value of critical density can be obtained by analyzing the critical state of traffic flow. Then the traffic flow warning can be realized in highway tunnel group region. The data and results can be used for the reference of taking traffic control measures by highway management.
The Role and Development Prospects of the Ropeway in Urban Transport System
Authors: Wu Hao , Wu Xue Wei , Huang Han Qi , Wang Hong Jun
Published: August 2013

Briefly introduced Chinese urban transportation status and future trends, proposed should vigorously develop public transport, to establish a perfection and diversified urban transport network. Combined with the characteristics of ropeway, analyzed cableway should play a role in the public transport network, discussed the feasibility of building a cableway at five special area in urban.
The Logistics Risk Assessment Studies of the Large Equipment of Hydropower Project Based on Three-Dimensional Structure
Authors: Jia De Hai , Wang Song Jiang
Published: August 2013

With the global economic integration of the sustainable development, international companies increased investment in China as well as numerous international projects in favor of ' made in China ', project logistics in China is being closely watched by construction industry. It is important significance of the high risk of project logistics solutions for risk assessment in the meticulous management of engineering project and under the trend of risk control requirements. Based on the T hydropower project as an example, first this article analysis the hydropower equipment logistics risk factors through the Hall of three-dimensional risk factors for three dimensional analysis model, then according to the method of fault tree analysis, from qualitative and quantitative perspectives on risk for the occurrence of the minimum cut sets, the minimum path sets, top event probability and the probability importance degree are analyzed .Through the analysis of the results, it may occur in the process of risk for large equipment logistics and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and measures.
The Decision-Making Optimization Model of 3E System Based on the Entropy
Authors: Lv Mei Jing , Li Chun , Jin Jian Yu , Shen Xiao Liu
Published: August 2013

In the paper, we apply the entropy of information theory to analyze the uncertain influence of 3E (Energy-Economy-Environment) system in Beijing. We set up the optimization decision-making model of Beijing 3E index system based on the entropy. We use environment system as a case to test this method and analyze the result. For the indicator with great influence ,we deal with and analyze the real data of Beijing in the past ten years and give an reasonable decision support proposal.
Empirical Analysis on Total-Factor Energy Productivity Growth in China with DEA Method
Authors: Ji Zhi Ying
Published: August 2013

In recent decades, China has been witnessing the steadily rising momentum of energy demand with the rapid improvement of industrialization and urbanization. The energy efficiency in regions of China is studied in this paper in the context of DEA analysis. We find that most of regions are just catching up in energy efficiency, and there is no evident innovative effect.
Industrial Structure Adjustment, Technology Innovation and Energy Efficiency Improvement - An Empirical Analysis Based on the Statistical Data of Hubei Province
Authors: Duan Ding Qiang , Hu Qiu Hong
Published: August 2013

This paper reviewed and analyzed the literature about the improvement mechanism of energy efficiency, examining the relationship among industrial structure adjustment, technology innovation and energy efficiency with Hubei province’s data during 2001~2010, and finding that industrial structure adjustment and technology innovation can promote energy efficiency very significantly. Even so, because the elimination of backward production capacity will be more difficult and the energy-saving space will be narrower, government should encourage citizens’ participation, pay more attention to the use of market mechanisms, and promote the development and application of the technology using preferential tax policies.
A Research on Coal Reservoir Geological Modeling and its Application in Exploration and Development of the Coalbed Methane (CBM)
Authors: Zhang Hong Wei
Published: August 2013

In coalfield geological exploration, in the face of complexity and levity of geological bodies, the reservoir geological modeling technique a new and high technique grown up in recent years, plays an important role on exploration and development of CBM. Reservoir modeling would be finished through 3 stages: reservoir structure modeling, precipitation facies modeling, reservoir properties modeling. A 3D geological model may carry out the meticulous description of coal reservoir , and quantitatively characterize the inhomogeneities of reservoir. In addition, geological modeling is of great importance to engineering design and construction as well as information management, analysis and decision making.
An Improved Historical Simulation Method to Estimate the Amount of Refined Oil Retail Value at Risk VaR
Authors: Wan Yong Tao , Zhang Zhi Gang , Zhao Lu Tao
Published: August 2013

The international crude oil market is complicated in itself and with the rapid development of China in recent years, the dramatic changes of the international crude oil market have brought some risk to the security of Chinas oil market and the economic development of China. Value at risk (VaR), an effective measurement of financial risk, can be used to assess the risk of refined oil retail sales as well. However, VaR, as a model that can be applied to complicated nonlinear data, has not yet been widely researched. Therefore, an improved Historical Simulation Approach, historical stimulation of genetic algorithm to parameters selection of support vector machine, HSGA-SVMF, in this paper, is proposed, which is based on an approach the historical simulation with ARMA forecasts, HSAF. By comparing it with the HSAF and HSGA-SVMF approach, this paper gives evidence to show that HSGA-SVMF has a more effective forecasting power in the field of amount of refined oil.
Analysis for the Global Demand of Energy in the next 20 Years
Authors: Liu Qun Yi , Wang An Jian , Chen Qi Shen
Published: August 2013

Over the next 20 years a rapid rise will be happen in global demand for steel, copper and aluminum, China will be the first biggest resource requirements country. This paper analyzes the global demand of steel, copper and aluminum, showing that global resource consumption center transfer according to the industrial centers, at present, China is the world's resources consumption center, steel, copper and aluminium consumption accounted for more than 40% of the world. Global demand for steel, copper and aluminum over the next 20 years will be rapid growth, accumulative total demand is 2 times of the past 20 years, but there may be a temporary slowdown in 3 - 5 years period. Over the next 20 years the first big country, China is one of the resource requirements of asean and India will become the main driver of demand growth.
Study on the Evaluation of Electricity Market Operational Efficiency Based on Synergetic Theory
Authors: Zhang Pin Yi , Liang Si
Published: August 2013

The operational efficiency of power market is infected by the primary conditions of the market, the regulations of government, the balance of need and supply, the behaviors of participants etc. Owing to the characteristics of dynamic complexity, the evaluation for the operational efficiency of the market should develop a new way rather than the traditional way. Based on the synergetic theory, this paper established a synergetic evolution state equation model of the operational efficiency of power market combining with grey cognate principle. According to the data of the Southern power market of China, the order parameter was conformed and the order parameter evolution equation which reflects the operational situation of the market was constructed. Through this equation, the boundary value of the order parameter which implies the market is in effective was given.
Study on Multifunctional Electromagnetic Prospecting Technology in Mineral Exploration
Authors: Li Jian Hua , Lin Pin Rong , Xu Bao Li , Meng Qing Kui , Li Dang
Published: August 2013

Multifunctional electromagnetic prospecting technology, include the time domain induced polarization (TDIP), the artificial source phase induced polarization(RPIP), the natural field audio magnetotelluric sounding(AMT), Controlled source audio magnetotelluric sounding(CSAMT),etc. They form a kind of multi-parameter electromagnetic prospecting technology from shallow to deep. The method have characteristics such as high-resolution, diversified-means, bigger-detection-depth etc, can obtain the electrical parameters of apparent resistivity, apparent polarization, phase, so it can reflect the electrical characteristics of the geological structure and rock & ore to provide information for deep or concealed mine. This overview just summarized achievements made in methods and techniques, basic principles, technical characteristics, applications cope and conditions, case study and results, in hope of giving some guidance for metallic ore exploration.
Greenhouse Gas Inventory for Energy Sector of Khon Kaen Province, Thailand
Authors: Namta Jirayut , Wongwuttanasatian Tanakorn
Published: August 2013

This paper presents an investigation of the inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the energy sector by energy supply in Khon Kaen province, Thailand. Studied areas are classified into 3 categories, which are city centre metropolitan, rural village and academic campus. The studied areas are Khon Kaen metropolitan, Nonthong village and Khon Kaen University (KKU), respectively. The GHG inventories of these areas are calculated and compared. GHG emissions are calculated by type of energy supply, which are electricity, petrol, LPG and CNG. We have found that 77 percent of GHG emissions in Khon Kaen metropolitan come from electricity consumption. In contrast, 59 percent of GHG emissions in Nonthong village come from the use of petrol. However, there is only a slight difference between the GHG emission contributions from two major sources of greenhouse gases in Khon Kaen University, where electricity use and petrol use contribute 50 and 42 percent, respectively. Finally, An insight into different characteristics of areas would help regulators to design suitable GHG reduction measures for each community. Some suggestions for GHG reduction measures were made.
Research on SO2 and CO2 Emission Characteristics and Emission Efficiency in China
Authors: Xue Jie , Luo Hong , Zhang Bao Liu
Published: August 2013

To find out the characteristics and relationships of air pollutants and greenhouse gases emissions in China is of important practical significance for the state, to make relative policies on cooperative control of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases. The panel data (1995 to 2010) of 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in Chinese mainland is selected, to apply Mathematical Statistics and Data Envelopment Analysis method to research on the emission characteristics and efficiency of the major atmospheric pollutant (SO2) and the main greenhouse gas (CO2). The results shows: Chinese regional and industrial SO2 and CO2 emission levels have significant differences, the total emissions of the eastern and central region are higher than the western region, however, the emission intensity of the western region is much higher than the eastern region, especially, the SO2 and CO2 emission intensity of Ningxia region are both the highest in the country. The calculation results of relative efficiency with DEA show that the efficiency ranking of the three regions is: Eastern>Central>Western. 7 provinces as Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Qinghai and Tianjin are at the production frontier,the relative efficiency is 1, 3 provinces with the lowest efficiency are all in western region as Yunnan, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia, which is basically consistent with the regional characteristics of emission intensity. Finally, the implications of SO2 and CO2 emissions characteristics for the control of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases emission reduction will be analyzed.
Research on the Establishment and Operational Mechanism of Forest Carbon-Sink Market in Coal Industry
Authors: Weng Yi Fei
Published: August 2013

Through forestation and carbon-sink transactions, coal enterprises can not only protect the environment in coal mining areas, but also obtain the financial returns. In this paper, first of all main thought and principles in establishing forest carbon-sink market in coal industry are discussed. Then trading mechanism is designed including CM-CERs and CM-VERs, as well as the operational mechanism with the respects of factors in the market, supply and demand mechanism, price mechanism and risk mechanism. Afterward construction of primary and secondary markets of forest carbon-sink is researched. Finally the conception of integrate with Market in China through Panda Standard and World through CDM of carbon-sink are provided.
Study on Reservoir Characteristics of Shuguang Lower Hill
Authors: Zhang Qing Guo , Li Yi He
Published: August 2013

Shuguang lower hill is buried 3500 metres below the band, the exploration difficulty is big and high quality recognition is difficult. According to its complex lithology characteristics, poor porosity and strong heterogeneity, with the application of comprehensive conventional coring, thin-section analysis, scanning electron microscopy and conventional curve data for analysis of reservoir characteristics of the lower hill, lithology and reservoir criterion are established, more over the fracture strata section of the hill is identified. The reservoirs are mainly composed of carbonate rocks and quartzite, the accurate lithology identification provides geological basis for the next step of well deployment.
Analysis on Emission Reduction Targets of Carbon Dioxide in China
Authors: Zhang Yan Dong , Zhao Tao
Published: August 2013

This paper is to study the possibility of emission reduction targets to be achieved. With Tapio decoupling model, the decoupling relationship of 30 provinces in 11th Five-Year Plan is studied. Taking the carbon intensity in 2005 (reduction benchmark), the growth rate of GDP and decoupling elasticity value as indicators, all provinces are clustered into five types of regions. Then the carbon intensity of every region in 2020 is predicted. Some useful results are presented. The growth rate of GDP has no direct impact on the realization of emission reduction targets. The higher reduction benchmark does not restrict the success of emission reduction targets. The region with higher reduction benchmark is much easier to achieve in lowering carbon intensity than the region with lower one. Without powerful relevant policy, the region with lower reduction benchmark and higher decoupling elasticity value is difficult in achieving the emission reduction targets.
Analyzing the Driving Effect of Influence Factors on CO2 Emissions Using the STIRPAT Model in Tianjin of China
Authors: Zhao Tao , Gou Xue
Published: August 2013

This paper discusses how much the driving effect on CO2 emissions caused by every influence factor in Tianjin of China. Based on STIRPAT model, the elasticity coefficient of the population (P), the affluence (A), the urbanization rate (UR) and the technological level (T) is 0.14, 1.55, 0.49 and-1.25. Combined the change rate of each influence factors 1995-2008 and the elasticity coefficient, the analysis shows that A, UR and P increase the amount of CO2 emissions, T decreases the amount of CO2 emissions, the size of influence factors driving effect on CO2 emission in Tianjin is A>T>UR>P every year, overall CO2 emissions shows a growing trend. Achieving the carbon emission reduction target is very hard, therefore, changing the economy dependence on energy consumption development mode and improving technology level are the most important way for CO2 emissions reduction in Tianjin of China.
The Analysis of Sedimentary System and Provenance of Saertu Reservoir in Jiangqiao-Pingyang Area in Northern of Songliao Basin
Authors: Zhang Lei , Dai Bing , Zhang Xue Juan , Yi Xiao Dong
Published: August 2013

Through the studying of heavy mineral assemblages and ZTR index variation features, this paper analyses the provenances and sedimentary systems of Saertu reservoir in Cretaceous of Jiangqiao-Pingyang area, western slope zone in northern of Songliao basin. It is concluded that there are three major sedimentary systems in the Saertu reservoir depositional period, named the Nehe-Yian sedimentary system in Northeast, Yingtai sedimentary system in Southwest, Qiqihaer sedimentary system in Northwest. The intensity and influence scope of the sedimentary systems in sedimentary period of SaII+III, SaIand Sa 0 reservoir changed. During the sedimentary period of SaII+III reservoir, research area is mainly controlled by the Qiqihaer and Yingtai sedimentary systems, the control action of Nehe-Yian sedimentary system in the research area is faint. During the sedimentary period of SaIreservoir, Nehe-Yian sedimentary system control the sedimentation of mainly region in research area, the control range of Qiqihaer sedimentary system has shrunk to the West of Jiangqiao area, the Yingtai sedimentary system dropped out of the research area. During the sedimentary period of Sa 0 reservoir, the control action of each sedimentary system basically inherited the distribution pattern of the sedimentary period of SaIreservoir, but the source supply capacity weakened further.
Research on the Construction of Domestic Ecological Civilization Cities
Authors: Liu Ke Bin , Li Ying Hua , Wang Peng Fei , Li Hai Bo
Published: August 2013

Ecological civilization city was made up of population, resources, environment, economic compound system, is a multi-function, multi-level and multi-objective evaluation objects. Construction of ecological civilization city is the request of the ages; it is a profound reflection on the industrial revolution, human development model. Ecological city is the result of human ecological value orientation, the inevitable trend in the development of future city. Ecological civilization city will become the ecological civilization construction and the main development direction of modern city and the pursuit of goals in the 21st century. This article begins with the concept and connotation of ecological civilization city, it obtains seven concrete construction of index, they are the ecological environment, ecological economy, ecological livable, ecological philosophy, ecological culture, ecological political, ecological infrastructure and ecological law, and specific construction method is given according to the characteristics of different indicators.
The Barriers and Countermeasures of Implementing Ecological Poverty Alleviation in Concentrated Poverty Areas
Authors: Li Xian E , Li Qian
Published: August 2013

Ecological poverty alleviation is a new way of poverty alleviation to make the poverty region realize the sustainable development. It aims to change the ecological environment of poor areas, while, improve the efficiency of the ecosystem service function and the benefit of poverty alleviation. Whats more, improve the effect of rural poverty alleviation fundamentally and realize social sustainable development. The paper studies the urgency and necessity of implementing ecological poverty alleviation in concentrated poverty areas by analysing the obstacle factors of regional ecological poverty alleviation. Then, puts forward a relevant solution that perfect the ecological compensation mechanism, combine the ecological agricultural industrialization with land circulation by science and technology, additionally, increase the financial input and strengthen the countermeasures of environmental protection consciousness.
Development and Utilization of Mineral Resources Based on Circular Economy in Southern Jiangxi
Authors: Nie Jie Zhu , Zhang Gang Hua , Huang Qiu Wen
Published: August 2013

The contradiction between traditional resource depletion and social development was acute increasingly in the mining development of Southern Jiangxi. According to limitations of mine resources and needs of social-economical development and environment conservation, the necessity and feasibility to develop circular economy were analyzed, and a few advices were put forward to promote mining sustainable development in Southern Jiangxi, China.
Researches on Problems and Countermeasures of Low-Carbon Economy in China
Authors: Li Zhi
Published: August 2013

The development of low-carbon economy is a revolution which has involved in the mode of production, lifestyles and values and is also an important way that China should take so as to cope with the challenge of global climate change and promote the technological innovation. The development of low-carbon economy is in line with the scientific and sustainable development concept which should be followed in China. It is in accordance with China's construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly society. This paper discusses the low-carbon economy from four aspects: its connotations, features, problems and countermeasures.
An Application of Ecological Compensation Mechanism Framework: A Case for Yulin County
Authors: Zhang Hong Bang
Published: August 2013

In this paper, framework of eco-compensation mechanism has been mapped by using principle of system engineering and "layer-by-layer decomposition", combining with the resource of documents and data. Combining with eco-environmental compensation of Yulin coal mining exploration areas, this system framework can be decomposed and its process and mechanism of action can be imitated. Then a general conclusion will be drawn. All that will provide a theoretical basis for our government departments to develop policies of ecological compensation for coal resource exploration areas.
Research on Development Patterns of Low-Carbon Economy in China
Authors: Mu Jing Xuan
Published: August 2013

At present, the world is experiencing a climate change whose main feature is warming, which has become the crisis and challenges of the world. Low-carbon economy is the best pattern which reduces greenhouse gas emission and global warming. It includes five elements, low - carbon technologies, low-carbon energy resources, low - carbon industries, low - carbon cities and low - carbon management. Finally, this paper makes some measures for developing low-carbon economy in China: priorities to save energy and improve energy efficiency; make low-carbon fossil fuels and develop renewable energy; set up carbon fund and encourage researching and developing low-carbon technologies; establish national carbon trade mechanism.
The Automatic Identification of Aperture in Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Wen Hui Jian , Wang Qi , Geng Dong Yun
Published: August 2013

To identify and segment automatically the apertures by using of differences between aperture area changes of the grayscale or chroma of carbonate rock and the surrounding rocks in imaging logging data. Contour extraction and contour tracing can extract the aperture boundary effectively, and calculate the aperture parameter which is unable to get quantitatively in common logging. Dealing with actual data, this method is confirmed to have a high precision.
The Study on the Low-Carbon Transformation and Sustainable Development of the Resource-Based Cities
Authors: Wu Jia Hui , Huang Xin Hua , Gao Yu
Published: August 2013

Considering the necessity and urgency of low-carbon transformation in the resource-based cities, then analyze the current development plight of the resource-based cities, and finally offer a proposal on how to improve the low-carbon transformation and the sustainable development in the resource-based cities based on the above analysis.