bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methotrexate-related central neurotoxicity: clinical characteristics, risk factors and genome-wide association study in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Mateos Marion K. , Marshall Glenn M. , Barbaro Pasquale M. , Quinn Michael C.J. , George Carly , Mayoh Chelsea , Sutton Rosemary , Revesz Tamas , Giles Jodie E. , Barbaric Draga , Alvaro Frank , Mechinaud Françoise , Catchpoole Daniel , Lawson John A. , Chenevix-Trench Georgia , MacGregor Stuart , Kotecha Rishi S. , Dalla-Pozza Luciano , Trahair Toby N.
Published: February 2021

Symptomatic methotrexate-related central neurotoxicity (MTX neurotoxicity) is a severe toxicity experienced during acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy with potential long-term neurologic complications. Risk factors and long-term outcomes require further study. We conducted a systematic, retrospective review of 1,251 consecutive Australian children enrolled on Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster or Children's Oncology Group-based protocols between 1998-2013. Clinical risk predictors for MTX neurotoxicity were analyzed using regression. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on 48 cases and 537 controls. The incidence of MTX neurotoxicity was 7.6% (n=95 of 1,251), at a median of 4 months from ALL diagnosis and 8 days after intravenous or intrathecal MTX. Grade 3 elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase (P=0.005, odds ratio 2.31 [range, 1.28–4.16]) in induction/consolidation was associated with MTX neurotoxicity, after accounting for the only established risk factor, age ≥10 years. Cumulative incidence of CNS relapse was increased in children where intrathecal MTX was omitted following symptomatic MTX neurotoxicity (n=48) compared to where intrathecal MTX was continued throughout therapy (n=1,174) (P=0.047). Five-year central nervous system relapse-free survival was 89.2 4.6% when intrathecal MTX was ceased compared to 95.4 0.6% when intrathecal MTX was continued. Recurrence of MTX neurotoxicity was low (12.9%) for patients whose intrathecal MTX was continued after their first episode. The GWAS identified single-nucletide polymorphism associated with MTX neurotoxicity near genes regulating neuronal growth, neuronal differentiation and cytoskeletal organization (P<1x10-6). In conclusion, increased serum aspartate aminotransferase and age ≥10 years at diagnosis were independent risk factors for MTX neurotoxicity. Our data do not support cessation of intrathecal MTX after a first MTX neurotoxicity event.
Sulfated non-anticoagulant heparin derivative modifies intracellular hemoglobin, inhibits cell sickling in vitro, and prolongs survival of sickle cell mice under hypoxia
Authors: Abdulmalik Osheiza , Darwish Noureldien H.E. , Muralidharan-Chari Vandhana , Taleb Maii Abu , Mousa Shaker A.
Published: February 2021

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by a single point mutation, resulting in abnormal sickle hemoglobin (HbS). During hypoxia or dehydration, HbS polymerizes to form insoluble aggregates and induces sickling of red blood cells, which increases the adhesiveness of the cells, thereby altering the rheological properties of the blood, and triggers inflammatory responses, leading to hemolysis and vaso-occlusive crises. Unfractionated heparin and low-molecular weight heparins have been suggested as treatments to relieve coagulation complications in SCD. However, they are associated with bleeding complications after repeated dosing. An alternative sulfated non-anticoagulant heparin derivative (S-NACH) was previously reported to have no to low systemic anticoagulant activity and no bleeding side effects, and it interfered with P-selectin-dependent binding of sickle cells to endothelial cells, with concomitant decrease in the levels of adhesion biomarkers in SCD mice. S-NACH has been further engineered and structurally enhanced to bind with and modify HbS to inhibit sickling directly, thus employing a multimodal approach. Here, we show that S-NACH can: (i) directly engage in Schiff-base reactions with HbS to decrease red blood cell sickling under both normoxia and hypoxia in vitro, (ii) prolong the survival of SCD mice under hypoxia, and (iii) regulate the altered steady state levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, our proof-of-concept, in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies demonstrate that the multimodal S-NACH is a highly promising candidate for development into an improved and optimized alternative to low-molecular weight heparins for the treatment of patients with SCD.
The Transaction of Damaged Cash Exchange in the Perspective of Islamic Economic Law (Case Study in Medan City)
Authors: Suhendri Irandi
Published: February 2021

From the discussion of damaged cash exchange transactions carried out by corrupted money collectors in the city of Medan, the author can draw several conclusions, as follows: Currency transactions that are unfit for circulation that occur in the city of Medan are closely related to the concept of the sharf contract in the perspective of Islamic economic law. This is, if we look at it from the object being transacted, namely currency, even though the money is money which is not fit for circulation. In this transaction, the terms and conditions in the sharf contract concept must be fulfilled in it. The application of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2011 concerning Money Changes in the community has been running, but is still not optimal. This is because there are still many people who do not know or do not understand how to exchange their damaged cash. Most people feel that the damaged cash they have is no longer sold to be spent. In fact, based on the Regulation of Members of the Board of Governors Number 19/13 / PDADG / 2017 concerning Rupiah Currency Exchange, it explains the procedure for exchanging money that is not fit for circulation. In the perspective of Islamic economic law, the practice of changing corrupted money by the corrupt money-seeking community is divided into three opinions. One opinion says, it is legally forbidden'. This opinion argues that the laws that apply to paper money also apply to gold and silver. There are two requirements in the sale and purchase of gold with gold or silver and silver, namely: the same weights and cash in one agreement. Meanwhile, the second opinion is allowed even though there is a difference in the nominal value. Another case is the third opinion which first sees the public's attitude towards money unfit for circulation.
Online Learning and Face-to-Face Learning in the COVID-19 Pandemic in SMA Erlangga Pematangsiantar
Authors: Hutauruk Ahmad Fakhri , Gultom Sariaman , Nasution Ahmad Arif Budiman
Published: February 2021

This study aims to explore online and face-to-face learning (class) so that it can be effective, and the curriculum objectives are met. The nature of this research is qualitative phenomenology to be able to find out the extent of the application of learning that has been carried out online and face-to-face at SMA Erlangga Pematangsiantar, North Sumatera. The research mechanism includes the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The research results found several obstacles in terms of implementation but in general, the teacher can overcome them well. During a pandemic, a teacher's creativity is highly tested by the learning he does both in online and face-to-face systems so that learning success can be achieved. Finally, this research gives the result that by comparing the learning system, the teacher actually wants direct (face-to-face) pursuit so that it is easier in the process of interactive communication with students, and student motivation also increases in classroom learning because of direct interaction.
Analysis Factors Affecting the Demand and Supply of Free-range Chicken Meat in Pakpak Bharat Regency
Authors: Akbar Mizanul
Published: February 2021

Food needs are basic human needs that must be met. One of the food needs comes from animal sources, the source of meat most consumed in Pakpak Bharat is local chicken. From the consumer side, the factors that affect the demand for local chicken include: the price of local chickens, the price of tilapia, population and income, and factors that affect the demand for local chicken include: the price of local chicken, the price of local chicken feed and the price of local chicken seeds. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the demand and supply of local chickens in Pakpak Bharat Regency in 2010 - 2019, to forecast the production of local chicken in Pakpak Bharat Regency in 2020-2029. Data analysis was performed using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method with multiple linear regression estimation models using the help of the SPSS 20 program. The estimation results of the demand model are variables of tilapia meat prices (X2), population (X3), and per capita income (X4) has a positive and significant effect on the demand for local chicken (Y), while the price variable for local chicken meat (X1) has a negative and significant effect on the demand for local chicken meat (Y). The estimation results of the model offer variable price for local chicken meat (X1) have a positive and significant effect on the supply of local chickens (Y), while for the variable price of local chicken feed (X2) and the price of local chicken seeds (X3) have a negative and significant effect on offering local chicken meat (Y). Simultaneously, all variables of the demand and supply of local chicken meat have a positive effect. Resultthe projection trend of local chicken production in Pakpak Bharat Regency in 2020-2029 is a positive trend or has increased every year.
The Investigation of Acquisition Sufficiency of Physical Education Lesson Aims in A Special Education School in Turkey. A Pilot Study
Authors: Nişli Muhammed Yunusnur , Şirinkan Ahmet , Acar Zaim Alparslan , Öz Nişli Emine , Toy Hatice
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the acquisition sufficiency of physical education lesson goals with the help of Eurofit Test Battery. The study included 41 students with moderate and severe intellectual disability (ID) (9 female, 32 male and 29 mentally retarded, 6 down syndrome (DS) and 5 autism) who were studying at Recep Birsin Özen Special Education School in Erzurum in Turkey. Physical education lessons were conducted an hour for a day and two days for each week during eight weeks. Before and after 8 weeks of study, Eurofit Tests were applied after measuring the height and the weight of the students. Data were compared in Spss 20 statistics program at p<0.05 level. In Eurofit Test parameters of the students with moderate and severe ID; it was found a difference statically in pre-test-post-test comparisons of flamingo balance, plate tapping, sit-up, sit and reach, standing broad jump and 10x5 metre shuttle run. In the physical education and sports classes, the goals chosen according to the students' level improved the physical capacities of the students. The individual goals chosen for the students in the special education school affiliated to the Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education contributed to the development of balance, fastness, leg strength, upper body movement speed and flexibility of the students and did not only contribute to the development of hand strength, arm strength and abdominal muscle strength of the students. The results of our study and the results of previous studies are parallel.
Fitossociologia em fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual em reserva legal no sudoeste do estado de Goiás
Authors: Souza Ana Paula de , Guilherme Frederico Augusto Guimarães , Borges Pollyana de Godoy , Batista Daniele Aparecida Moreira , Soares Jéssica de Aguiar Pereira , Andriani Matheus Siqueira , Coelho Christiano Peres
Published: February 2021

In Goiás, seasonal forests structure studies are scarce, especially in fragments located in legal reserves, subject to human disturbances. Therefore, the study aimed to perform the phytosociology of a fragment of a rural property, in a seasonal semideciduous forest. We evaluated structure, richness, diversity, dispersion mechanisms, ecological groups, and species distribution patterns found in the study and floristic links between Cerrado, Amazon and Atlantic Forest. In a one-hectare sample plot, all live trees with a diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm were measured. The values of density and basal area were 561 ind.ha-1 and 26.2 m².ha-1, respectively. We recorded 37 species with diversity indices (H’) of 2.36 and evenness (J’) of 0.65. Toulicia reticulata, Chaetocarpus echinocarpus, Bocageopsis mattogrossensis and Nectandra cuspidata were species with the highest importance value, corresponding to 69% and 65% of all density and basal area, respectively. Fabaceae obtained the highest floristic richness, with six species, although it was little represented in terms of abundance. Our results suggest that the fragment is a mature forest in good conservation status. This is reinforced by the high size of trees, in addition to the predominance of zoochoric (83.8%) and secondary (92.1%) individuals in the survey.
Avaliação da contaminação parasitária em folhas de alface da horta ao consumidor final
Authors: Alves Luana Neves , Silva Maíra Catherine Pereira Turiel , Ferraz Francielle Bonet
Published: February 2021

A contaminação vegetal pode acontecer em vários processos, desde a irrigação, adubação, coleta, transporte, armazenamento, comercialização e até mesmo a contaminação desencadeada pelas mãos de manipuladores e consumidores. Para minimizar e/ou anular essa contaminação é necessário adesão de medidas que melhorem a higienização do vegetal. Neste estudo foram utilizadas 27 amostras de alface, desfolhadas manualmente e divididas em controle, tratadas com vinagre e tratadas com cloro. Para análise parasitológica foi utilizado o método de sedimentação espontânea. Para análise estatística descritiva foi utilizado os programas Microsoft Excel l0 e para análise estatística inferencial foi utilizado o programa Bioetat 5.0 (p≤ 0,05). Todas amostras foram positivas para algum tipo de parasitose em diferentes estágios e graus parasitários. Das 27 amostras, 85,71% apresentavam parasitas, 67,85% com organismos potencialmente parasitas e em 100% deles apresentavam organismos de vida livre. Os vegetais com maior grau parasitário foram os da feira, com 36,95% de organismos parasitas. Em relação aos tratamentos utilizados, no vinagre foi encontrado um maior número de parasitas, sugerindo que mais organismos se desprenderam da verdura, tornando-a mais adequada ao consumo.
Doenças negligenciadas e indústria farmacêutica: o caso da Doença de Chagas
Authors: Silva Alison Pontes da , Dantas Gabriel Magno Santos , Silva Pedro Ithalo Francisco da , Medeiros Andressa Nayara Gomes de , Nagashima Junior Toshiyuki
Published: February 2021

O desenvolvimento de novos fármacos, no contexto das Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas (DTNs), permanece como um grande desafio. Dentre as DTNs, destaca-se a Doença de Chagas (DC), a qual possui elevada morbimortalidade. Assim, este estudo objetiva resgatar informações acerca do cenário atual, bem como novas estratégias e inovações no tratamento farmacológico da DC. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa, em que foram selecionados artigos no PubMed, SciELO e LILACS, no período entre 2015 e 2020. Buscando avaliar a relevância no meio acadêmico, comparou-se o número de publicações no SciELO entre 1950 e 2019, sobre DC, diabetes mellitus e câncer. Também se buscou informações sobre ensaios clínicos no site ClinicalTrials.gov. Nos últimos 20 anos, o número de publicações sobre a DC no SciELO foi bastante inferior se comparado com diabetes mellitus e câncer. Ademais, apenas dois medicamentos estão disponíveis, sendo eles benznidazol e nifurtimox, os quais possuem limitações como a quantidade de efeitos adversos. Por isso, novas opções terapêuticas (grânulos, sistemas multiparticulados, etc) têm sido estudadas, principalmente no caso do benznidazol, tendo demonstrado resultados promissores quanto à otimização de toxicidade, absorção e biodisponibilidade, por exemplo. Quanto aos ensaios clínicos, foi encontrado um total de sete estudos, os quais investigam cinco compostos para o tratamento da DC. Somente um dos compostos não tem uso clínico já registrado, o selênio, o que sugere uma deficiência na busca por novos candidatos à fármacos. Tais informações reforçam, portanto, o caráter negligenciado da DC, bem como enfatizam a importância de pesquisar novas terapias para esta parasitose.
Correlation of ultrastructural changes of endothelial cells and astrocytes occuring during blood brain barrier damage after traumatic brain injury with biochemical markers of BBB leakage and inflammatory response
Authors: Vajtr D , Benada O , Kukačka J , Průša R , Houstava L , Ťoupalík P , Kizek R
Published: February 2021

Focal cerebral contusion can be dynamic and expansive. It has
been proved that subsequent expansive contusion is caused by
brain parenchyma damage, especially BBB damage. We
investigated a group of patients with traumatic brain injury. The
patients (n=18) were divided into group I (n=7) of patients
submitted to neurosurgery due to expansive contusion, and
group II (n=11) of patients without surgery. Serum
concentrations of NSE and S-100B protein were measured by
electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, interleukin-6 (IL-6) was
measured by chemiluminescent sequential immunometric assay
and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9, MMP-2) were measured
by immunoassays. Cortical biopsy specimens of brain were
investigated by electron microscopy in patients with trauma brain
injury submitted to neurosurgery. Biochemical investigation from
first day up to third day after traumatic brain injury proved
increased values of IL-6 (302.2±119.9 vs. 59.6±11.9 ng/l,
p<0.02) and S-100B protein (3.064±1.064 vs. 0.649±0.182 μg/l,
p<0.05) in patients with expansive lesion compared to patients
without expansive contusion. Significantly higher levels of MMP-9
(150.4±28.46 vs. 74.11±13.16 ng/l, p<0.05) and of MMP-2
(814.5±126.3 vs. 523.1±25.28 ng/l, p<0.05) were found during
first 3 days after admission in group I compared to group II.
MMP-9 has also elevated in group II from lower values after
admission (74.11±13.16 ng/l) up to high levels on the 10th day
of hospitalization (225.1±49.35 ng/l). Ultrastructural investigation
of endothelial cells and surrounded tissue revealed perivascular
hemorrhage, increased pinocytic activity of endothelial cells, and
cytotoxic edema of astroglial cells. Multivesical bodies were
disclosed inside the endothelial cells. Higher levels of serum
protein S-100B and IL-6 correlated with ultrastructural changes
of endothelial cells, and with inflammatory response following
TBI, respectively.
Diabetes and thyroid hormones affect connexin-43 and PKC-ε expression in rat heart atria
Authors: Mitašíková M , Lin H , Soukup T , Imanaga I , Tribulová N
Published: February 2021

We have examined the changes of intercellular electrical coupling
protein connexin-43 (Cx43) and of PKC-ε in heart atria of diabetic
rats and/or after the treatment with triiodothyronine (T3).
Diabetes was induced in Wistar-Kyoto rats by streptozotocin
(50 mg/kg, i.v.) and atria were examined after 5 (acute stage)
and 10 (chronic stage) weeks. T3 (10 μg/100 g/day) was applied
via a gastric tube for the last 10 days prior to the end of the
experiments to non-diabetic and to the half of diabetic rats.
Expression and phosphorylated status of Cx43, as well as
expression of PKC-ε, were analyzed by Western blots using
mouse monoclonal anti-Cx43 and rabbit polyclonal anti-PKC-ε
antibodies. We found that the Cx43 expression was significantly
increased after the treatment with T3 and in the acute diabetes.
Both in diabetes and after T3 treatment the phosphorylation of
Cx43 isoforms was markedly suppressed compared to the nondiabetic and T3-untreated controls. Such a down-regulation was
less pronounced in diabetic rats after the T3-treatment. The
expression of atrial PKC-ε was increased in diabetic rats. This
increase was suppressed after T3 administration and the
expression was decreased in T3-treated non-diabetic rats. We
suggest that the reduced Cx43 phosphorylation in diabetic and
hyperthyroid rats can deteriorate a cell-to-cell coupling and
consequently facilitate a development of atrial tachyarrhythmia in
diabetic or hyperthyroid animals.
Antioxidant and vascular effects of gliclazide in type 2 diabetic rats fed high-at diet
Authors: Sena CM , Louro T , Matafome P , Nunes E , Monteiro P , Seiça R
Published: February 2021

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by oxidative stress, which in
turn determines endothelial dysfunction. Gliclazide is a
sulphonylurea antidiabetic drug with antioxidant effects due to its
azabicyclo-octyl ring. It has been reported to potentially protect
the vasculature through improvements in plasma lipid levels and
platelet function. We hypothesized that gliclazide has a beneficial
effect on endothelial function in Goto-Kakizaki rats (GK), an
animal model of type 2 diabetes fed an atherogenic diet for 4
months. We evaluated the influence of gliclazide on both
metabolic and oxidative status and NO-mediated vasodilation.
GKAD rats showed increased oxidative stress and impaired
endothelium-dependent vasodilation. GKAD rats treated with
gliclazide showed increased sensitivity to NO-mediated
vasodilation, a significant decrease in fasting glycemia and
insulinemia, and a significant decrease in systemic oxidative
stress. In conclusion, our results suggest that gliclazide treatment
improves NO-mediated vasodilation in diabetic GK rats with
dyslipidemia probably due to its antioxidant effects, although we
cannot rule out substantial benefits due to a reduction in fasting
blood glucose. The availability of a compound that
simultaneously decreases hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and
inhibits oxidative stress is a promising therapeutic candidate for
the prevention of vascular complications of diabetes.
Evaluation of the Freshness of Mammalian Meat by Microstructural Changes in Muscle Tissue
Authors: Soldatova S. , Filatova G.
Published: February 2021

Methods for determining the freshness of mammalian meat are considered in the article, their comparative assessment is carried out. The results of histological studies of meat, including those thawed or injected with complex food additives, are presented. The characteristic features and main differences in the microstructure of muscle fibers after repeated defrosting and after treatment with water-retaining additives have been determined.
Analysis of Problems in Making Rehabilitation Diagnosis in Persons With Disabilities With the Consequences of Brain Stroke in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Kachybekova L. , Mamazhusupova S.
Published: February 2021

The Kyrgyz Republic holds one of the first positions in the world in terms of mortality and morbidity of brain stroke. Open sources provide data from the Kyrgyz Republic on the analysis of morbidity and mortality, and medication treatment of patients with various forms of brain stroke, but there are almost no studies on primary disablement and subsequent rehabilitation measures, which are based on setting a rehabilitation diagnosis and defining the goals of rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to analyze problems in making a rehabilitation diagnosis for persons with disabilities with the consequences of brain stroke, based on the examination of the records of 3 medical and social expert commissions (MSEC) of the Kyrgyz Republic, out of 27 existing commissions. The authors present the results of a 2018–2019 study of the medical and rehabilitation documents of 328 persons with primary disablement in order to determine the rehabilitation diagnosis in these documents as a basic tool for the formation of a clinical rehabilitation route. Despite the availability of regulatory documents, clinical guidelines on the management of stroke patients, there is no evidence of a rehabilitation diagnosis in the documents reviewed, which affects the effectiveness of rehabilitation of persons with disabilities with the consequences of brain strokes. The authors recommend a set of measures to eliminate the barrier revealed and to develop rehabilitation services. Such rehabilitation services could be triggered by introducing the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health into the field of rehabilitation.
Декларування недостовірної інформації та умисне неподання декларації: нові моделі заборонних кримінально-правових норм
Authors: Вознюк А. А.
Published: February 2021

У статті проаналізовано переваги та недоліки сучасних моделей підстав відповідальності за декларування недостовірної інформації та умисне неподання декларації – кримінально-правової, адміністративно-правової та змішаної. Зроблено висновок, що нові підстави відповідальності за декларування недостовірної інформації та неподання декларації, а також пропозиції щодо них, висловлені у відповідних законопроєктах, мають недоліки, пов՚язані з наявністю підґрунтя для визнання неконституційними нових заборонних кримінально-правових норм, їх санкціями, формами вини, порогом кримінальної відповідальності за декларування недостовірної інформації, конструкцією «неподання декларації» тощо. Сформульовано рекомендації для практики застосування ст. 366-2 та 366-3 Кримінального кодексу України, а також надано пропозиції щодо їх удосконалення.
Правове і соціальне становище батрацтва в селах Донбасу в роки нової економічної політики (у контексті повсякденності)
Authors: Mатвєєва Л. Г. , Тарасенко Л.Б.
Published: February 2021

У статті досліджуються особливості правового та соціального становища батрацтва Донбасу в роки нової економічної політики, його праці та побуту. У часи непівських перетворень розпочалися значні зрушення в соціальній структурі селянства. Особливості земельної політики радянської держави цього періоду, зокрема легалізація оренди землі та найманої праці в сільськогосподарському виробництві, відкрили певні можливості для розвитку індивідуального селянського господарства, причому дозволялося певне зростання капіталістичних елементів села під контролем державних органів. Проте, з іншого боку, погіршувалося економічне становище маломіцних господарств, унаслідок чого сформувалася досить складна соціальна категорія сільського населення, яке жило за рахунок продажу своєї праці, – батрацтво. У статті, серед іншого, використано документи та матеріали, що зберігалися в Державному архіві Донецької області та Державному архіві Луганської області і зараз, із відомих причин, є недоступними для вивчення.
Evolution of constitutional and legal regulation of human right in Ukraine in the context of development of political systems
Authors: Словська І. Є.
Published: February 2021

The article examines the evolution of the constitutional and legal regulation of human rights in Ukraine in the context of the development of political systems - from the Marxist-Leninist type to the free European one. It is emphasized that, despite the positivist position on the interpretation of human rights, the ideologues of the modern state interpret it and law, as well as other social phenomena, through the prism of new idealistic concepts. In their opinion, the legal act synthesizes the state will, which is reflected in the legal norm and is obligatory for the competent body applying this norm. Subjective right of a person is interpreted as a measure of possible behavior, devoid of class features.

It is emphasized that the Constitution of Ukraine declares the highest social value of a person for his life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security. It is stressed that the establishment and protection of human rights and freedoms is the main duty of the state. Thus, according to the constitutional norms, the state is not a passive observer of the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens, but an active participant in their protection. The existence of state control over the observance and protection of individual rights and freedoms (activities of the state apparatus in the field of protection of rights) and public (control over the redistribution of social space between the state and civil society, coverage of problems between the state and citizens; control over the responsibility of the constitutional state before civil society) is examined. Emphasis is placed on the unity between state and public control over the implementation of social tasks, the effectiveness of social policy and, consequently, the effective protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the individual. It is stressed that the shortcomings of law enforcement practice, insufficient protection of individual rights by the state arise for a number of objective reasons.The annual reports of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Commissioner for Human Rights on the observance and protection of the human rights and freedoms of citizens of Ukraine are based on these phenomena. The documents show shortcomings in the protection of all categories of rights and freedoms by public authorities. The author emphasizes that an important factor in the effective functioning of the rule of law is the filling of state-power relations with real legal mechanisms. Real protection of human rights and freedoms is possible if all levels of public power are involved in improving the constitutional order. The number of reforms should be combined with their quality content.
Поняття та ознаки органів виконавчої влади у сфері наукової та науково-технічної діяльності в Україні
Authors: Тарасенко В.С.
Published: February 2021

За результатами проведеного дослідження надано визначення поняття органів виконавчої влади у сфері наукової та науково-технічної діяльності в Україні, визначено їх місце в системі органів виконавчої влади, встановлено коло ознак органів виконавчої влади у сфері наукової та науково-технічної діяльності та надано їх класифікацію за ступенем узагальненості. Зазначено, що органи виконавчої влади у сфері наукової та науково-технічної діяльності в Україні можна визначити як різновид органів державної влади, що мають ієрархічну структуру, діяльність яких спрямована на виконання законів та інших нормативно-правових актів та полягає в підзаконному адміністративно-правовому регулюванні (адмініструванні) суспільних відносин у сфері наукової та науково-технічної діяльності в Україні.
Правова характеристика регулювання кредитно-розрахункових відносин крізь призму досвіду країн Європейського Союзу
Authors: Бугайчук В.С.
Published: February 2021

У статті досліджено сутність поняття кредитно-розрахункових відносин, охарактеризовано різні підходи та класифікаційні особливості правового регулювання таких відносин з урахуванням досвіду країн Європейського Союзу. Установлено, що передумовою виникнення розрахункових відносин є явище правової дійсності. Проведено розмежування понять «розрахунки», «розрахункові правовідносини» та «кредитно-розрахункові відносини». Здійснено класифікацію розрахункових відносин. Проаналізовано кредитно-розрахункові відносини в деяких країнах Європейського Союзу та запропоновано здійснити перетворення, які сприятимуть вдосконаленню правового регулювання досліджуваних відносин.
Contentious Politics and its Repercussions in Asia ;The Sharp End of Contentious Politics in China.
Authors: Hesham Abdo Angie
Published: February 2021

Contentious politics is the use of disruptive techniques to make a political point or to change government policy. Examples of such techniques are actions that disturb the normal activities of society such as demonstrations, general strike action, riot, terrorism, civil disobedience, and even revolution or insurrection. Social movements often engage in contentious politics. Historical sociologist Charles Tilly defines contentious politics as "interactions in which actors make claims bearing on someone else's interest, in which governments appear either as targets, initiators of claims, or third parties"(Tilly 2001). Until its development, the study of contentious politics was divided among several traditions each of which were concerned with the description and explanation of different contentious political phenomena, especially the social movement, the strike, and revolution.
The Developmental Origins of Opioid Use Disorder and Its Comorbidities
Authors: Levis Sophia C. , Mahler Stephen V. , Baram Tallie Z.
Published: February 2021

Opioid use disorder (OUD) rarely presents as a unitary psychiatric condition, and the comorbid symptoms likely depend upon the diverse risk factors and mechanisms by which OUD can arise. These factors are heterogeneous and include genetic predisposition, exposure to prescription opioids, and environmental risks. Crucially, one key environmental risk factor for OUD is early life adversity (ELA). OUD and other substance use disorders are widely considered to derive in part from abnormal reward circuit function, which is likely also implicated in comorbid mental illnesses such as depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. ELA may disrupt reward circuit development and function in a manner predisposing to these disorders. Here, we describe new findings addressing the effects of ELA on reward circuitry that lead to OUD and comorbid disorders, potentiallyviashared neural mechanisms. We discuss some of these OUD-related problems in both humans and animals. We also highlight the increasingly apparent, crucial contribution of biological sex in mediating the range of ELA-induced disruptions of reward circuitry which may confer risk for the development of OUD and comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders.
The Relationship Between Referral of Touch and the Feeling of Ownership in the Rubber Hand Illusion
Authors: Reader Arran T. , Trifonova Victoria S. , Ehrsson H. Henrik
Published: February 2021

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is one of the most commonly used paradigms to examine the sense of body ownership. Touches are synchronously applied to the real hand, hidden from view, and a false hand in an anatomically congruent position. During the illusion one may perceive that the feeling of touch arises from the false hand (referral of touch), and that the false hand is one's own. The relationship between referral of touch and body ownership in the illusion is unclear, and some articles average responses to statements addressing these experiences, which may be inappropriate depending on the research question of interest. To address these concerns, we re-analyzed three freely available datasets to better understand the relationship between referral of touch and feeling of ownership in the RHI. We found that most participants who report a feeling of ownership also report referral of touch, and that referral of touch and ownership show a moderately strong positive relationship that was highly replicable. In addition, referral of touch tends to be reported more strongly and more frequently than the feeling of ownership over the hand. The former observations confirm that referral of touch and ownership are related experiences in the RHI. The latter, however, indicate that when pooling the statements one may obtain a higher number of illusion ‘responders’ compared to considering the ownership statements in isolation. These results have implications for the RHI as an experimental paradigm.
The Way Soil Organisms Look Can Help Us Understand Their Importance
Authors: Ganault Pierre , Beaumelle Léa , Auclerc Apolline
Published: February 2021

There is a multitude of life forms on our planet. This is especially true under our feet, in the soil. Earthworms, spiders, and millipedes are only a few examples of the vast number of soil organisms. Once you look what lives in soils, you realize the tremendous diversity of shapes and colors. But what if we take the time to describe all their characteristics: color, size, shape, number of legs, type of wings, lifespan, and climate preferences? All these characteristics, called traits, help us to understand what types of organisms can be found in a particular ecosystem, what they feed on, and how far they can travel. Scientists use this information to understand the different roles of organisms in soils, and to restore degraded soils. Analyzing traits can reveal the importance of soil organisms and the fundamental roles they play for human societies.
THE ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF HYDRODYNAMIC VIBRATION DAMPER FOR TELESCOPIC GEARS
Authors: KOVAL K.A. , SUKHORUKOV A.L.
Published: February 2021

Forces that affects on cowl of telescopic gears with hydrodynamic vibration damper were calculated using computational fluid dynamics. Using this damper as part of telescopic gear’s construction provides significant reduction of active forces amplitudes. Consequently, improvement of vibration and strength characteristics of the telescopic gears is observed which is confirmed with the result of the calculation of its transverse oscillations.
IMPROVED DESIGN OF A HEAD OF A TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT
Authors: PAKHALIUK V.I. , POLIAKOV A.M.
Published: February 2021

For the first time, the design of a modular ceramic head of a total hip replacement (THR) has been developed, which has the properties of a metal in join with the stem neck and the properties of a ceramic on the bearing surface of a friction couple. This is achieved by creating a low-cost, low-toxic, strong connection of alumina or zirconium ceramics and a titanium alloy to obtain a soldered joint that is efficient in human synovial fluid. With the help of finite element analysis, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the strength and rigidity of the proposed head design has been made. Also shown is an image of a finished soldered head made of alumina ceramic with a sleeve made of titanium alloy VT1-0.
PROTOTYPE OF TRANSFEMORAL PROSTHESIS WITH AN ACTIVE ARTIFICIAL KNEE
Authors: POLIAKOV A.M. , SOPIN P.K. , LAZAREV V.B. , RYZHKOV A.I. , KOLESOVA M.A. , BUGAYOV P.A.
Published: February 2021

This article presents a transfemoral prosthesis prototype with active control of an artificial knee joint. One of the main criteria used in the design of the prosthesis was to achieve the maximum biological similarity of this device in order to provide optimal conditions conducive to user natural walking. The artificial knee joint, designed on the basis of a polycentric higed mechanism with intersecting links, provides such conditions at the design level, and a three-level hierarchical control system, built on the basis of an intelligent-synergetic concept, at the control level. To recognize user's intentions, the intelligent subsystem uses algorithms for comparing graphic images of user's walking phases by the method of estimating the invariant moments of Hu. After that, prosthesis elements movements are planned in the synergistic subsystem in accordance with the synergistic quality criteria. The algorithms used in the control system are adjusted depending on what type of artificial foot is used in the prosthesis: active, semi-active or passive (purely mechanical). Mathematical modeling of the prosthesis operation shows that the nature of its functioning corresponds to the quality criteria adopted in the design.
FORECAST EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS ELEMENTS OPERATING ENDURANCE
Authors: NEMENKO A.V. , NIKITIN M.M.
Published: February 2021

We present a method for predictive assessment of operational endurance in a complex mechanical system, which cannot be reduced to a series-parallel connection of elements, by finding a weak link. An empirical formula is obtained for the number of occurrences of elements of a regular directed graph in possible paths connecting its initial and final points. This formula will allow, if confirmed, to research a large-dimensional graph for the links that most affect the characteristics of the system as a whole. The results obtained are applicable to the construction of hidden models that take into account the technological heredity of the system.
THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROGAS TURBINE ENGINES COMBINED CYCLES FOR DISTRIBUTED ENERGY
Authors: DOLOGLONYAN A.V. , MATVEENKO V.T.
Published: February 2021

The subject of this article is methods of complicating the cycles of microgas turbine plants (MGTP) in order to further increase their efficiency. The direction of a deeper utilization of the heat of exhaust gases from MGTP was chosen, turning it into work in the organic Rankine cycle (OCR) plant. It has been established that the costeffectiveness of MGTP with OCR is dependent on the configuration of MGTP, OCR and the type of refrigerant and is higher than the basic configuration of MGTP by 4... 15%. It is shown that to increase the versatility of combined MGTP, it is possible to use plants with a switching heat flow, supplemented by renewable energy sources, to conduct separate optimization of the basic MGTP and the OCR plant.
IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF LARGE-SIZED MACHINE PARTS IN MACHINE-BUILDING AND METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES
Authors: TSIRKOV P.A. , LEBEDEVA D.A. , BURYAKIN A.V.
Published: February 2021

The present work is devoted a way to improve the performance of large-sized machine parts of machine-building and metallurgical industries that operating in difficult conditions and subject to a high degree of wear.
EVALUATION OF MEASUREMENT INFORMATION DURING TESTS OF THE HEART RESUSCITATION DEVICE
Authors: OSIPOV K.N. , POLIVTSEV V.P. , POLIVTSEV V.V.
Published: February 2021

An adaptive algorithm for evaluation of measurement information obtained during tests of the heart resuscitation device to provided. In the paper study the rate of convergence of estimates of measurement information to true values, as well as their stability to errors in the description of the basis function.
THE ESTIMATION OF GEARS CONTACT FAILURES OVER THE TOOTH SURFACES
Authors: SHEHOVTSEVA T.V. , SHEHOVTSEVA E.V.
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the generalized classification of gears failures with detailed analysis of failures types in the contact fatigue of gears working surfaces and the development of the contact fatigue process. The criteria of the contact failure estimation of the gears working surfaces in failure of tooth surface are analyzed. The tests for the contact fatigue for the experimental models are conducted. The cycle operating dependence of pitting level over the working surfaces in depth of dimples is defined on basis of tests.
RESTORATION OF WORN SURFACES FROM CAST IRON AND STEEL PARTS BY ELECTRIC ARC WELDING WITH FERROMAGNETIC CHARGE
Authors: VYALKOV V.G. , GLAZUNOV S.N. , TSIRKOV P.A.
Published: February 2021

In experiment, worked out the parameters of deposition and the composition of the ferromagnetic charge, which ensure a defect-free weld layer (no pores, inclusions, hot and cold cracks) with a surface hardness of 52- 56 HRC without additional technological measures (heating products) and subsequent heat treatment.
IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS OF DESIGNING SOME KINDS OF CUTTING TOOL
Authors: BURILICH I.N. , KUTS V.V. , PANIN A.A. , TYUTYUNOV D.N.
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes a mathematical model used in the design of some varieties of cutting tools. The development trend of this approach is presented. A study was made of the variation ranges of a number of geometric parameters for these design objects. The corresponding local extremes are found. The functional relationship between the studied values is obtained.
INCREASING THE STABILITY OF THE TOOL AT THE EXPENSE OF APPLICATION TO THE WORKING SURFACES OF FLUORATED SURFACES
Authors: ZVYAGINA E.A. , SELEMENEV M.F. , KOVALEVA V.S. , LEVSHINA K.V. , MINAEVA E.M.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to increasing the resistance of the cutting tool by applying fluorinated surfactants from epilam solutions to its working surfaces. During tests of various cutting tools with epilam coating, it was found that epilating improves the durability of the cutting tool.
ALLOYING THE SURFACE OF STEEL 30KHGSN2A TO INCREASE ITS TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: KUKSENOVA L.I. , KOZLOV D.A.
Published: February 2021

The results of evaluating the wear of samples of the model of the same name pair of friction from alloy steel 30KhGSN2A after ion beam treatment and dry friction under conditions of heavy contact are presented. It was shown that in the steady state friction, the wear resistance of steel as a result of implantation of copper ions at an irradiation dose of 1017 ion / cm2 and 5.1017 ion / cm2 increases by 2 and 1.5 times, respectively. The mechanism of the «long-range effect» in ion-doped structural materials under conditions of contact deformation is discussed.
STRUCTURAL-LAYOUT SYNTHESIS OF MODULES SUBSYSTEMS FOR INTERNAL THREADING
Authors: KHARCHENKO A.O. , KHARCHENKO A.A.
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of research in the direction of improving technological equipment for internal threading of parts in a flexible automated production. The creation of effective technological equipment for automated thread processing is an urgent task, the solution of which is associated with obtaining a significant economic effect by increasing processing productivity and improving product quality. An enlarged block diagram of the sequence of solving the synthesis problem, identifying "weak" places (elements and nodes that significantly reduce the reliability and readjustability of the system) and improving the elements of the equipment technological system is presented. After filling in the morphological matrix for the threading module system, a synthesis of its structure variants is performed. The measures taken allow us to solve the synthesis problem at the level of structural-layout optimization.
The Efficacy of Plant-Based Ionizers in Removing Aerosol for COVID-19 Mitigation
Authors: Suwardi Ady , Ooi Chin Chun , Daniel Dan , Tan Chee Kiang Ivan , Li Hongying , Liang Ou Yang Zhong , Tang Yuanting Karen , Chee Jing Yee , Sadovoy Anton , Jiang Shu-Ye , Ramachandran Srinivasan , Ye Enyi , Kang Chang Wei , Cheong Wun Chet Davy , Lim Keng Hui , Loh Xian Jun
Published: February 2021

Small-sized droplets/aerosol transmission is one of the factors responsible for the spread of COVID-19, in addition to large droplets and surface contamination (fomites). While large droplets and surface contamination can be relatively easier to deal with (i.e., using mask and proper hygiene measures), aerosol presents a different challenge due to their ability to remain airborne for a long time. This calls for mitigation solutions that can rapidly eliminate the airborne aerosol. Pre-COVID-19, air ionizers have been touted as effective tools to eliminate small particulates. In this work, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of a novel plant-based ionizer in eliminating aerosol. It was found that factors such as the ion concentration, humidity, and ventilation can drastically affect the efficacy of aerosol removal. The aerosol removal rate was quantified in terms of ACH (air changes per hour) and CADR- (clean air delivery rate-) equivalent unit, with ACH as high as 12 and CADR as high as 141 ft
3
/minute being achieved by a plant-based ionizer in a small isolated room. This work provides an important and timely guidance on the effective deployment of ionizers in minimizing the risk of COVID-19 spread via airborne aerosol, especially in a poorly-ventilated environment.