bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The salt tolerance of greenhouse crops.
Authors: Sonneveld C.
Published: June 2020

The osmotic effects of a salt mixture, the specific ion effects of sodium chloride, and the specific salt effects of various salts (having Na, K, Ca and Mg as cations and Cl, NO3, SO4 and HCO3 as anions) on the performace of a range of vegetable crops and ornamental species were studied in greenhouse experiments carried out over several years. Data are presented on the salinity yield decrease values and the salinity threshold values, both of which varied significantly between crops. Salinity was found to have positive as well as negative effects on the quality of greenhouse crops. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Cadmium and lead in Dutch and imported cereals.
Authors: Vos G. , Teeuwen J.J.M.H. , Knottnerus O.C. , Wijers B.L.
Published: June 2020

Cadmium and lead contents of grains of Dutch cereals were compared with values for imported grains. Average Cd contents of Dutch wheat, barley and rye grains were 0.067, 0.026 and 0.027 mg/kg, respectively. Corresponding values for Pb were 0.08, 0.14 and 0.09 mg/kg. Values for imported cereals were similar. Cd content of 3 samples and Pb content of 2 samples of Dutch wheat exceeded the Dutch legal limits of Cd and Pb in cereal grains (0.15 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively). (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Surface water as source in the spread of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus.
Authors: Dorst H.J.M. van
Published: June 2020

CGMMV was first detected in surface water used for sprinkling irrigation of cucumbers in greenhouses in the spring and contamination reached a max. in Jun.-Jul. Virus concn were low in Aug. at the end of the cropping season when little irrigation is required, but levels rose in Sep. when the soil was leached. CGMMV was also found in seepage from dumping sites of cucumber fruits and crop debris, in packing containers and in manure from cows fed with virus-infected fruits. The virus was not found in tap or well water. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Moisture distribution within a maize crop due to dew.
Authors: Atzema A.J. , Jacobs A.F.G. , Wartena L.
Published: June 2020

During 16 nights in Sept. and Oct. 1986, the process of dew formation was studied within a crop of maize cv. Vivia. With the Bowen ratio energy balance technique the total dewfall from above the canopy was measured. By estimating the soil characteristics and measuring the soil moisture and temp. gradients of the topsoil, an assessment of the dewrise from the soil could be made. To estimate the distribution of free water within the crop, the liquid water profile was measured with Leick plates at 5 levels. Dewfall proved to contribute most to the total dew deposition. As an av. for the experimental period, nearly 5% could be attributed to dewrise and 25% could be attributed to dewfall. On the 10 occasions, the total amount of dew ranged between 0.01 and 0.41 mm per night. To obtain a simple but rough indication for the amount of dew, the difference between the min. and midday dew point temp. could be applied, or, if the soil was well-watered, the topsoil temp. gradient could be applied. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Biomass, composition and temporal dynamics of soil organisms of a silt loam soil under conventional and integrated management.
Authors: Brussaard L. , Bouwman L.A. , Geurs M. , Hassink J. , Zwart K.B.
Published: June 2020

Field plots (Netherlands) under conventional (CF) or integrated (IF) farming and cropped to winter wheat were sampled in 1986 for various soil organisms. Organisms were assembled in functional groups, based on their main food source and life-history characteristics. Total biomass of soil organisms was, on average, 690 kg C/ha under CF and 907 kg C/ha under IF during the growing season. Bacteria constituted > 90%, fungi ~ 5%, and protozoa < 2% of the total biomass. Nematodes and microarthropods were less important in terms of biomass C. Carbon flow through the protozoa annually was estimated to be 158 and 195 kg C/ha in CF and IF, resp., corresponding to 20% of the estimated bacterial production in both CF and IF. Nitrogen mineralization by the protozoa annually was estimated to be 30.5 and 37.6 kg N/ha in CF and IF, resp. Nematodes were less important than protozoa in terms of direct C and N transfer. The direct contribution from microarthropods was insignificant. Results are discussed in terms of effects of the soil biota, in particular the soil fauna, on C and N transfer in arable soil. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Chemical composition of animal manure: a modelling approach.
Authors: Bril J. , Salomons W.
Published: June 2020

A chemical equilibrium program (CHARON) was used to predict the chemical composition of the liquid fraction and the mineral fraction of pig and poultry manure. The results showed that the major part of calcium and magnesium in solution is complexed by dissolved organic matter. A large part of the dissolved organic matter is complexed with ammonium and potassium ions. Calculated ion activity products showed that possible mineral phases include vaterite, whitlockite, monetite and struvite in all the samples, and potassium taranakite in the pig manure samples. A number of other minerals are either unsaturated or so strongly supersaturated (e.g. apatite), that they do not control the solubility of major cations and anions. Scanning electron microscopy/microprobe analysis showed the abundant presence of a magnesium phosphate, most likely the mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) in one of the pig manure samples. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Kinetics of plasma lysine after oral and parenteral administration to pigs.
Authors: Vlissingen J.M.F. van , Bakker J.G.M. , Jager L.P. , Lenis N.P. , Visser H. de , Russel F.G.M. , Dijk J.E. van
Published: June 2020

Dutch Landrace X Large White pigs 14 to 15 weeks old and about 45 kg were fed on low-protein diets (16.1%) and supplemented with lysine, orally, by slow or rapid jugular infusion or by slow portal/caval infusion in order to evaluate the bioavailability of lysine with type of treatment. Elimination rate after intravenous treatment had a half-life of 2.0+or-1.6 h (after bolus injection) or 3.7+or-1.9 h (after slow infusion). Absorption of an oral dose of lysine from the intestine (half-life of 3.6+or-0.9 h) was slower than elimination rate (half-life of 0.9+or-0.3 h). No significant liver first-pass effects could be detected and bioavailability of lysine after enteral intake was 82+or-6%. Analysis of plasma kinetics of amino acids may provide a valuable tool to evaluate bioavailability of dietary amino acids. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
The effect of washing procedure on the estimation of the in situ disappearance of amino acids from feed protein.
Authors: Hof G. , Kouwenberg W.J.A. , Tamminga S.
Published: June 2020

Soyabean meal and wilted grass silage were suspended in nylon bags in the rumen for 0, 3, 6 and 12 h and 0, 6, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Samples were then washed using the standard procedure, or standard washing, followed by soaking for 16 h in neutral detergent at 70 or 25 degrees C, followed by standard washing. The amino acid profile of the samples was determined by amino acid content in the original feed. Amino acids disappeared at a faster rate than non-amino acid N. Microbial contamination was only seen in the grass silage and its residues after incubation. None of the washing procedures effectively removed microbial contamination. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
A weather-based yield-forcasting model for sugar beet.
Authors: Spitters C.J.T. , Kiewiet B. , Schiphouwer T.
Published: June 2020

A simple model to predict seasonal growth in sugarbeet yield is presented. Time from sowing to the 'growth point date' (the date on which a plant contained 4 g sugar) is characterized by a temp. sum. The increase in sugar yield after this date is calculated from incoming solar radiation using an av. radiation use efficiency. Temp. sums and radiation use efficiencies were estimated for the 11 Dutch sugarbeet regions. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Effects of competition with weeds on growth, development and yield of soyabeans.
Authors: Everaarts A.P.
Published: June 2020

Two field experiments were carried out in the inland Zanderij area of Suriname to study competition between soyabeans and weeds. The crop was kept weed-free or without weed control for increasing periods of time after sowing. An analysis of the growth and development of a crop with weed control and of a crop without weed control was obtained by making observations at the end of each period of time with or without weed control. Uncontrolled weed growth concentrated mainly between the rows. Competition with weeds reduced ground cover and LAI of the crop, leading to a lower weight and yield. Plant density was not affected, but weed competition reduced the number of branches, inflorescences, and pods per plant. Timing of flowering was not influenced. Competition for water was inferred and competition for light seemed likely. Competition for nutrients was weak. Weeding in the period of pod initiation, i.e. around 45-70 days after sowing, appeared to be essential to avoid competition with weeds. A period of around 4 weed-free weeks after sowing was necessary to avoid yield reduction or too much weed growth at harvest. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Structural and non-structural carbohydrates in concentrate supplements of silage-based dairy cow rations. 2. Rumen degradation, fermentation and kinetics.
Authors: Visser H. de , Togt P.L. van der , Huisert H. , Tamminga S.
Published: June 2020

Effects of carbohydrates in concentrate mixtures (starch vs. cell wall constituents) and in rate of rumen degradation (rapid vs. slow) on rumen fermentation and rumen kinetics were studied using a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The basal diets, which comprised 75% of total DM, consisted of wilted grass silage, maize silage and concentrates. The remainder consisted of barley (B), maize (M), pressed ensiled beet pulp (P) or moist ensiled maize bran (MB). All diets were fed as totally mixed rations (TMR). The pH of the rumen fluid and the total concentration of volatile fatty acids (tVFA) did not differ among diets. The major volatile fatty acids did differ between diets and were expressed as the non-glucogenic:glucogenic ratio (NGR), being lowest for B and highest for P. Differences in NGR could be explained by differences in the rate of degradation of starch and/or NDF, using nylon bag incubations. Concentrations of ammonia and branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) were higher for diet MB and corresponded with the availability of nitrogen and energy for microbial protein synthesis, which was also reflected in the amount of bacterial protein in the rumen. Degradability was lower for maize starch compared with starch from barley. The rates of digestion measured in sacco and from rumen evacuations were similar for organic matter and N, but the nylon bag method showed a lower estimate for starch and NDF. The large particle fraction of mean total rumen contents consisted mainly of cell wall constituents and did not differ between diets. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Nitrous oxide flux from nitric-acid-treated cattle slurry applied to grassland under semi-controlled conditions
Authors: Velthof G.L. , Oenema O.
Published: June 2020

Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from cattle slurry after surface application to grassland were measured under semi-controlled environmental conditions during three periods in 1991. Three types of cattle slurry were examined; untreated slurry and slurries treated with nitric acid (HNO3) to pH 6.0 and 4.5. Treatment with HNO3 is a proposed technique to reduce ammonia volatilization from slurry during storage, and during and after surface application. N2O flux was determined one to four times a day for 7 to 18 days after application of 0.64 to 3.8 kg slurry/msuperscript 2. Slurry-derived fluxes were greater from treated slurries than from untreated slurries. Cumulative N2O losses ranged from
Herbage and animal production responses to fertilizer nitrogen in perennial ryegrass swards. I. Continuous grazing and cutting
Authors: Deenen P.J.A.G. , Lantinga E.A.
Published: June 2020

The effects of fertilizer N application on herbage intake and animal performance under continuous grazing management with dairy cows, and on herbage accumulation under a weekly and an approximately 4-weekly cutting regime were studied in 1986-1988 in resown Lolium perenne cv. Wendy grassland on a silty loam soil in Oostelijk Flevoland, Netherlands. 250-700 kg N/ha was applied annually under grazing and from 0 to 700 kg N/ha was applied under cutting. At an assumed marginal profitability of 7.5 kVEM per kg N applied the optimum N application rate was on average 511 and 308 kg/ha per year for 4-weekly cutting and continuous grazing, respectively (1 kVEM = 6.9 MJ Net Energy for lactation). However, especially under grazing, there was a great variation in response to N between years which could be related to soil N availability, length of the growing season and sward quality. Throughout the experimental period the mean tiller density in the grazed swards was hardly affected by the level of N application. However, there were temporary differences in openness of the sward which increased with the level of N application, leading to a loss of productivity as a result of impeded N uptake. Herbage N was poorly converted into animal products. The average efficiency of use of ingested N at 250 kg N was 23%. Higher rates of fertilizer N decreased N use efficiency (19% at 700 kg N/ha per year) but markedly increased N excreted per ha.
Between-animal variation in biological efficiency as related to residual feed consumption
Authors: Luiting P. , Urff E.M. , Verstegen M.W.A.
Published: June 2020

Production levels in livestock (cattle, pigs and poultry) have been increased considerably, with a correlated increase in gross feed efficiency. However, mature body weight has also increased, leading to higher maintenance costs. Thus, net feed efficiency has been little improved. Breeding for lower body weight has not been successful, but there are possibilities for reduction of feed consumption independent of production and body weight (residual feed consumption). It is as yet uncertain to what extent animal stress susceptibility will be affected by changes in residual feed consumption.
Multi-scale characterization of inland valley agro-ecosystems in West Africa
Authors: Andriesse W. , Fresco L.O. , Van Duivenbooden N. , Windmeijer P.N.
Published: June 2020

Inland valleys are defined as the upper reaches of river systems. These include valley bottoms and minor floodplains,their hydromorphic fringes and upland slopes and crests. These occupy 22-52 million ha of land in W. Africa and although of good agricultural potential are only marginally used. An agro-ecological characterization developed in the Cte d'Ivoire, is outlined on 4 levels: macro (1:1 000 000-1:5 000 000), reconnaissance (1:100 000-1:250 000), semi-detailed (1:25 000-1:50 000) and detailed (1:5000-10 000). Methods of characterization at each of these levels are discussed and examples of actual application given plus the mechanisms applied in disaggregation (scaling down) and aggregation (scaling up) between levels. This approach allows: (1) a systematic description of different inland valley agro-ecosystems; (2) identification of constraints to agricultural use; (3) targeting and implemention of research; and (4) extrapolation of research results and transfer of new technology to similar areas. Studies carried out show variation in (bio)physical and land use factors is considerable. The set of descriptors now developed allows for: (1) extrapolation of the relation between biophysical driving factors and actual land use; (2) identification of geographical areas where improved management is promising; and (3) indications on the type of improvements required.
pH measurements in the slaughterline and carcass quality: a survey in six Belgian slaughterhouses
Authors: De Smet S.
Published: June 2020

pH was measured early post mortem in longissimus muscle (and occasionally in semimembranosus muscle) in the slaughterline of six Belgian slaughtering plants in three or four sessions. Mean pH values differed according to the mode of expression: pH means calculated after transformation to hydrogen ion concentrations were always lower than means calculated directly from pH values. The differences was linearly dependent on the variance, meaning that transformation of pH values to hydrogen ion concentrations is strongly recommended when comparing mean values of groups with unequal variances. Large differences in pH means were found between slaughterhouses that could not be attributed to differences in time of measuring postmortem and that were probably not related to differences in the slaughtering procedure. On the other hand, negative relationships were apparent between carcass quality data (lean content and instrumental or visual conformation score) and pH values between as well as within all slaughtering plants. Although no exact information was available on the preslaughter treatment of the animals, it is suggested that the genetic antagonism between carcass quality and meat quality is the main source of the fairly high proportion of low initial pH values and inferior meat quality in Belgian slaughter pigs.
Effects of DCD addition to slurry on nitrate leaching in sandy soils
Authors: Corre W.J. , Zwart K.B.
Published: June 2020

The effects of the addition of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) to cattle slurry, applied in autumn to an arable sandy soil, were investigated in a three-year field experiment in the Netherlands. Treatments included application of slurry with DCD in November and December, application of slurry without DCD in November, December and January, and an untreated (slurry or DCD) control. Degradation of DCD, changes in mineral nitrogen in the soil, and leaching of nitrate and DCD were measured. Degradation of DCD in the topsoil was complete in May after application in the autumn before. However, at a depth of 90 cm, DCD was found three months after application. DCD remained present in leachate sampled at this depth for more than one year after application. Most probably it was then leached to the groundwater. Application of DCD considerably delayed nitrification. It had a large effect on the vertical distribution of mineral nitrogen in spring; more mineral nitrogen was found in the 0-40 cm soil layer and less in the 40-100 cm soil layer. However, neither time of application of the slurry nor addition of DCD had a significant effect on nitrate leaching.
Requirement of young pigs for apparent ileal digestible tryptophan
Authors: Schutte J.B. , Verstraten A.J.M.A. , Lenis N.P. , De Jong J. , Van Diepen J.T.M.
Published: June 2020

In 5 growth trials with a total of 420 pigs, tryptophan requirements from 20 to 40 kg liveweight were estimated. L-Tryptophan 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 g/kg was added to a basal diet containing tapioca, barley and maize, with CP 162 g/kg and tryptophan 1.65 g/kg. The control diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine plus cystine, threonine, isoleucine, valine and histidine to assure that only tryptophan was limiting pig performance. Diets were freely given as pellets. Total tryptophan was about 2.10 g/kg for optimal weight gain and feed conversion efficiency in a diet containing NE 9.5 MJ/kg, corresponding with apparent ileally digestible tryptophan 1.77 g/kg.
Effects of nitrogen on accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen of vegetables. 3. Spinach
Authors: Biemond H. , Vos J. , Struik P.C.
Published: June 2020

Four greenhouse and 2 field experiments (the latter on a sandy soil) were carried out with different amounts and dates of N application to analyse the dynamics of dry matter and N accumulation in spinach (cv. Trias). Frequent measurements were carried out on dry matter and N accumulation in leaf blades, petioles and stems. The total accumulation of dry matter and N differed largely among and within experiments. Increasing N application increased yield of dry matter and N accumulation, whereas splitting N applications had much smaller effects. However, the partitioning of dry matter and N proved insensitive to N treatments. Harvest indices for dry matter (about 0.67) or N (about 0.74) of crops at a marketable stage were fairly constant over treatments and experiments. Increasing or splitting the N application affected N accumulation more than dry matter production, resulting in large effects on N concentrations. The lack of variation in response to N for different N regimes facilitates the development of N application techniques aimed at high yield, high quality and reduced emissions. The organic N concentration of leaf blades and petioles decreased with leaf age, although in most experiments this decrease was smaller at higher leaf numbers. The nitrate-N concentration decreased with increasing leaf number at any sampling date; it was higher when N was abundant. High yields in autumn crops were associated with high nitrate concentrations but also with potentially high losses of N.
Simulation and optimization of the logistics of biomass fuel collection
Authors: Mol R.M.d. , Jogems M.A.H. , Van Beek P. , Gigler J.K.
Published: June 2020

Biomass fuel costs depend for a great part on the logistics of biomass fuel collection. The logistics, including pre-treatments, from source locations to energy plant can be modelled by means of a network structure. Nodes correspond to source locations, collection sites, trans-shipment sites, pre-treatment sites or the energy plant and arcs correspond to transport. Two models were developed to gain insight into the costs and energy consumption of the logistics: a simulation model and an optimization model. Both models are described, together with some results of an example, and the differences are discussed. Model choice depends mostly on the objectives of the user.
Non-overwintering cover crops: a significant source of N
Authors: Schroder J.J. , Ten Holte L. , Janssen B.H.
Published: June 2020

In field experiments in 1982-89 at 2 sites in the Netherlands, potatoes cv. Bintje and sugarbeet cv. Monohil or Ovatio in a wheat/potatoes/wheat/sugarbeet rotation were preceded during winter by fallow or a green manure crop of Lolium multiflorum cv. Tetila with 0 (G0), 100 (G100) or 200 kg N/ha (G200) or Trifolium pratense cv. Rotra with no N (RC). Green manure crops were undersown to winter wheat cv. Durin and ploughed in in the first half of November. On average, G0, G100, G200 and RC had then accumulated 22, 93, 125 and 57 kg N/ha, respectively, in the above-ground plant parts. G0 crops tended to immobilize soil mineral N in spring and generally had non-significant effects on the yields of potatoes and sugarbeet, whereas G100, G200 and RC increased the N yields and marketable yields significantly. Effects were mainly attributable to the release of N by the green manures. The fertilizer value of the green manures was evaluated by their effect on economic optimum N rates, the marketable yield and the N yield when no mineral fertilizer N was supplied. The last two methods appeared to be most appropriate for the present experiments. Fertilizer values ranged from -21 to 108 kg N/ha, depending on the type of green manure crop and the calculation method. About half of the N accumulated in above-ground parts of the green manure crop was available to potatoes and sugarbeet from G100 when evaluated by its effect on N yields. From G200 this was even greater, although this may partly have resulted from the transfer of fertilizer N that had not been taken up by the green manure crop. Due to a high content of N in roots and stubble, RC provided, on average, almost double the amount of N accumulated in the above-ground plant parts. Green manure crops also had a minor positive effect on grain yields of winter wheat following potatoes and sugarbeet. At least 35% of the above-ground N in L. multiflorum green manure crops was not utilized within the first 18 months after their incorporation.
Effect of impact body shape on subcutaneous tissue discolouration in potato tubers
Authors: Molema G.J. , Klooster J.J. , Verwijs B.R. , Hendriks M.M.W.B. , Breteler H.
Published: June 2020

Potato cv. Bintje tubers (50-60 mm grade) from plants grown with a low or high rate of K fertilizer and stored for 3, 5 or 7 months were impacted at 3 different rate by 3 different shaped impact bodies using a computer-controlled pendulum. A spherical impact body doubled the volume and depth of discoloured tissue relative to a non-spherical impact body. The differences in volume and depth of discoloured tissue after impact with 2 different spherical impact bodies (radii of curvature 30 or 15 mm) was minimal. Reducing the impact energy from 0.600 to 0.067 J yielded an average reduction of the volume of discoloured tissue of about 95% and an average reduction of the depth of discoloured tissue of about 80%. Susceptibility to discoloration was greater with low K fertilizer and was greatest with storage for 5 months.
A note on the cation-anion relationships in perennial ryegrass.
Authors: Dijkshoorn W.
Published: June 2020

The effect of fertilization with the nitrates of K, Na, Mg and Ga on the mineral composition of Lolium perenne was studied in a pot culture experiment. Regardless of the cation used, the effect of the nitrate application was to increase the N-and cation-contents and to lower the Cl, S and P contents. The cation: anion ratio was independent of the amount of fertilizer applied.-From author's summary. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Nitrogen, chlorine and potassium in penennial ryegrass and their relation to the mineral balance.
Authors: Dijkshoorn W.
Published: June 2020

In pot experiments ryegrass was grown on sandy soil containing 4 % organic matter and low amounts of N and Cl, to which NaCl/KCl solutions (40 parts K2O to 100 parts NaCl + KC1) and NH4NO3/ CaCO3 solutions (20 parts N to 100 parts NH4NO3+ CaCO3) were applied. Cl fertilizing increased the concentration of anions and cations in the plants without altering their ratio. At the highest Cl rate there was no further increase in the cation content with increasing N. K had no effect on total-cation concentration but altered cation ratios. Increasing N decreased the concentration of Cl + P + S ions and increased the N-ion concentration. The resulting increase in total-anion content Cl + P+ S + N was greater than that of the cations K + Na + Mg + Ca. At high Cl levels excessive uptake of anions was counteracted by decrease in S content and also, at higher N levels, by decrease in N content. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
The effect of wilting on butyric acid fermentation in silage.
Authors: Wieringa G.W.
Published: June 2020

A comparatively slight increase in environmental osmotic pressure inhibited the in vitro development of butyric-acid bacteria [Clostridium spp.], especially with increasing H-ion concentration. Sub-lethal concentrations of salt (NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4) and/or H-ions retarded the start of clostridial development and reduced the quantity of butyric acid produced. In wilted grass silage it was shown that osmotic pressure plays a considerable part in repressing butyric-acid fermentation in the initial stages of silage fermentation. Low temperature (< 20-25 degrees C.), low pH (< 4.2), high lactic-acid content and high osmotic pressure were more harmful to clostridia than to lactic-acid bacteria.-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
The determination of air-permeability of soils.
Authors: Janse A.R.P. , Bolt G.H.
Published: June 2020

An improved apparatus for determining air-permeability of soils at constant pressure gradient is described; its merits are discussed in the light of existing literature. Some experimental results obtained with a sandy soil under different tillage conditions are given and discussed. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Fertilizing of young rubber in the Cameroons.
Authors: Hasselo H.N.
Published: June 2020

The growth response to (NH4)2SO4, phosphate rock and KC1, given in all combinations at increasing annual rates of up to 24 oz/tree until the seventh year after planting, was measured by the girth increase of Hevea in three soils formed from the same parent material but possessing different nutrient status and depths to the root-impeding layers. Despite poor nutrient supply in the soil, lack of rooting depth had a greater effect on growth than had nutrient availability; while abundant nutrient supply reduced the unproductive period by half a year, this reduction was at least one year in shallow soils. Annual fluctuations in yield were reduced by balanced application of small amounts of fertilizers. Fertilized trees, opened up at 18-inch girth, yielded 430 lb/acre in the first year whether given balanced fertilizer or not; in the second year, trees given balanced fertilizer yielded 700 lb as compared with 580 lb without fertilizer. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
The influence of excessive rainfall on the protective value of windscreens with respect to crop yields.
Authors: Shah S.R.H.
Published: June 2020

During May, June and July (months with normal rainfall) pod numbers on bean plants sheltered by windscreens were 60% higher than on plants exposed to the wind. Later in the season when rainfall became excessive the windscreens, by reducing wind velocity, produced a damp atmosphere which encouraged plant diseases. Outside the sheltered zone the crop was dried by the wind and suffered little loss from disease.-Inst. biol. Field Res., Arnhem. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Desigualdades en salud: nuevas perspectivas teóricas
Authors: Almeida-Filho Naomar
Published: June 2020

En este texto pretendo articular la problemática teórica de las desigualdades económicas y sociales con la determinación social de la salud. Inicialmente presento una síntesis de las teorías de justicia y equidad de Rawls y Sen, que ilustran la perspectiva dominante de las epistemologías del norte. En segundo lugar, discuto aplicaciones de ese marco teórico en la bibliografía sobre desigualdades sociales y determinación social de la salud-enfermedad-cuidado. En tercer lugar, presento una propuesta de matriz semántica para la serie significante diferencia-distinción-desigualdad-inequidad-iniquidad, que contribuye a reducir la confusión terminológica existente. Luego, introduzco un modelo teórico sintético sobre el binomio pobreza-desigualdades, referenciado en los conceptos de recursos sociales, prácticas de salud, servicios de salud y situación-condiciones de salud. Finalmente, desde la perspectiva de las epistemologías del sur global, tomando la coyuntura brasileña actual como caso de estudio, discuto sus implicancias políticas relacionadas con la hipótesis de que está en curso un proceso de transformación de las desigualdades económicas con nuevas formas de inequidades sociales e iniquidades en salud.
Efeito da reabilitação pulmonar aliado à capacidade funcional e função ventilatória de asmáticos
Authors: Ywmamoto Luciana Silveria , Oliveira Daniel Vicentin , Antunes Mateus Dias , Nascimento Júnior José Roberto Andrade , Bueno Glaukus Regiani , Cappellazo Renata
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: verificar o efeito de um programa de reabilitação pulmonar sobre a função ventilatória e capacidade funcional em asmáticos. Métodos: Estudo experimental o qual participaram 19 adultos de ambos os sexos, divididos em Grupo Controle (GC) e Grupo Tratamento (GT). Foram avaliadas variáveis espirométricas e o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6). O grupo GT realizou 24 sessões de reabilitação pulmonar, três vezes na semana, com duração de uma hora cada. Resultados: Tanto no momento pré quanto no pós-tratamento não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) entre GC e GT. Nas comparações intragrupos, verificou-se diferença significativa (p < 0,05) no TC6 e no fluxo expiratório forçado (FEF) tanto no GT quanto no GC. No GT também houve melhora da capacidade vital após o programa de reabilitação pulmonar. Conclusão: O programa de reabilitação pulmonar não apresentou melhoras significativas.
Effect of a Bioenergy Economy Program on the Severity of Symptoms and Quality of Life of Patients With Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Authors: Goli Farzad , Yekta Reihaneh , Scheidt Carl Eduard , Boroumand Amirreza , Johari Fard Reza , GhazizadehHashemi Maryam , Keyvanipour Maryam , Afshar Hamid , Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a bioenergy economy-based program on the intensity of symptoms and quality of life among patients with myofascial pain syndrome. To collect the data, a simple random sampling was used among the women patients with MPS referred from a neurological clinic in Mashhad. Fifteen patients were collected as an experimental group. The method consisted of a quasiexperimental method with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-ups in two and six months after the program. Data collection main materials included the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and WHO Quality of Life -BREF Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Moreover, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to increase the quality of the research. The group underwent six sessions of bioenergy economy-based program. Data collected were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to reach the aim of the study. The mean score of pain intensity and depression had a significant difference in the post-test and the two follow-ups with the pre-test. The mean score of the anxiety had a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test but not in the follow-ups. The mean score of quality of life did not have a significant difference in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-ups even in the sub-scales, but the mean score of the post-test and the follow-ups were higher than the pre-test. Bioenergy economy-based program caused a significant decrease in the pain intensity, depression, and anxiety in women patients with MPS and remained consistent in the two and six month’s follow-ups. Even in the quality of life, there was an improvement after the program, and although the fluctuation in the score, the mean score after six months was lower than before the program. To conclude, a bioenergy economy-based program can be an effective program in lowering the pain, depression, and anxiety and improving the quality of life in women patients with myofascial pain syndrome, and this remains consistent in the following six months. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Pregnancy Outcomes of Idiopathic-Polyhydramnios With Normal Ultrasound
Authors: Kazemi Samiyeh , Pazandeh Farzaneh , Soleimani Farin , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan , Kiani Zahra , Azimi Nasrin , Mokhtariyan Tahereh
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Accelerated Hypofractionated Whole Breast Radiotherapy for Early Breast Cancer; ARandomized Phase III Clinical Trial
Authors: Hosseini Sare , Shahabadi Mehri , Salek Roham , Fanipakdel Azar , Ghofraniha Leila , Ghaderi Fereshteh , Javadinia Seyed Alireza
Published: June 2020

To compare the cosmetic outcome and acute cutaneous, cardiac, and pulmonary toxicity profile of accelerated hypofractionated and conventional whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT).This was a blocked randomized, clinical trial on women with early-stage node-negative invasive breast cancer after breast conservation surgery (BCS) with clear margins randomly assigned to receive WBRT either at a conventional dose of 50.0 grays (Gy) in 25 fractions (the conventional group) or at a dose of 42.5 Gy in 16 fractions (the hypofractionated group). Boost irradiation was permitted in both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS V21.0 using Mann–Whitney U, independent-samples t- and Chi-Square/Fisher's exact tests at the level of P≤0.05.The median follows up was 16 months. Forty-one patients in the conventional WBRT arm and 45 patients in the hypofractionated WBRT group were enrolled. No significant difference was observed in terms of left and right ventricle systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction. Pulmonary function tests after 6 and 12 months follow up, were comparable in both groups (P=0.2). Skin toxicity during and after treatment was acceptable in both groups. Breast size change in the conventional and the hypofractionated WBRT groups was 14.3% and 7.1%, respectively (P=0.6). Excellent or good cosmetic outcome was similar in both groups.The results of our study support the use of accelerated hypofractionated WBRT in women with invasive breast cancer less than five cm and node-negative after breast-conserving surgery, which provides a more convenient shorter course of radiotherapy with a comparable cosmetic outcome and cutaneous, cardiac, and pulmonary toxicity profile.
Comparison of Salbutamol Delivered Via Jet Nebulizer With A Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) Plus A Spacer for Asthma Exacerbation of Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Tabatabaii Seyyed Ahmad , Vahedi Mahdieh , Khanbabaee Ghamartaj , Sadr Saeed , Farahbakhsh Nazanin
Published: June 2020

Asthma is the most common chronic illness in children and is a major reason for pediatric emergency department visits. Beta-2 agonists are considered the most effective drugs for immediate relief in the symptoms. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of salbutamol delivered via jet nebulizer with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) plus a spacer for asthma exacerbation in the pediatric emergency departments. The study was a randomized control, parallel-group design in children with age ranging from 6 months to 14 years, presenting in the emergency department with an acute asthma attack. A total of 116 patients were recruited for the study. Sixty-two patients were enrolled in the MDI/spacer group, and 54 patients were in the nebulizer group. Patients were assessed at baseline (0 min) and 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after commencement of the nebulizer and MDI/spacer. The response of each group to treatment was compared. The parents were counseled for their child enrolment in the study, which was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Ethic code was IR.SBMU.SM.REC.1394.19. The patients in both treatment groups demonstrated statistically noticeable improvement in clinical scores at all study assessment periods. Results revealed that salbutamol via MDI/spacer was as effective as salbutamol nebulization during the treatment of asthma exacerbations. Salbutamol MDI/spacer is equally efficacious when compared to nebulization. Therefore, because Salbutamol MDI/spacer is more user-friendly and affordable, it is preferable to be used in emergency departments.
Novel CD40LG Mutation in Two Cousins With Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombinant Deficiency
Authors: Armin Shahnaz , Ramezani Keyvan , Shamsian Bibi Shahin , Chavoshzadeh Zahra , Eghbali Maryam , Zare Bidoki Alireza , Sadr Maryam , Mesdaghi Mehrnaz , Gorjipour Hooshang , Razi Sepideh , Rezaei Nima
Published: June 2020

The hyper-immunoglobulin M (HIGM) syndrome comprises a group of rare inherited immunodeficiency disorders characterized by normal or elevated levels of serum IgM with low or absent levels of serum IgG, IgA, and IgE. Patients with this syndrome usually present with a history of recurrent infections or opportunistic infections. Here, we report two male cousins from homozygote twin mothers. The first cousin presented with no signs or symptoms other than neutropenia, which was accidentally found in a routine blood test. Immunological workup in this patient showed undetectable IgG and IgA levels and normal IgM levels. The second cousin had a history of recurrent infections, and at the time of admission, he was diagnosed with Pneumocystis jirovecii infection. The immunologic workup of this patient showed undetectable IgG, decreased IgA, and increased IgM level. Due to their interesting family relationship, genetic analysis was performed, which detected a novel mutation in exon 2 (c.266 del G) of the CD40 ligand gene (CD40LG).
Language development in Iranian children with epilepsy
Authors: Nemati Hamid , Jalalipour Maryam , Niliyeh Shadi , Maneshian Behjat
Published: June 2020

Background: Epilepsy is the most common pediatric neurologic disease accompanying with psychosocial delays causing a child’s isolation from the society. Developmental language delays are among the most common complaints of children with epilepsy. In the current study, verbal skills and expressive and receptive language development have been assessed in patients with epilepsy and compared with age-matched normal group.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 78 2-5-year-old children with epilepsy and 78 age-matched normal children referred to the outpatient clinic of Imam Reza affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, in 2017-2018. Demographic information of cases (age, age of onset, type of seizure, and number of consumed remedies) and controls was gathered. In order to assess study population’s verbal, receptive, and expressive language development, Newsha growth measurement test, a validated Persian version of verbal language development questionnaire, was utilized.
Results: Comparison of children with epilepsy with normal controls showed a significant difference in spoken, expressive, and receptive language development between children with epilepsy and normal peers (P < 0.05). Spoken and receptive language developments were significantly in association with earlier age of onset, higher number of remedies received for seizure control, generalized type of seizures, and lacking of seizure control (P < 0.05). Expressive language development showed no association with type and control of seizures (P > 0.05) but had significant association with age of onset of epilepsy and number of remedies (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Assessment of verbal language development aspects among children with epilepsy showed a higher rate of delay among these children as compared with normal age-matched ones. Moreover, earlier age of onset, generalized type of seizures, higher number of consumed remedies, and poor seizure control were accompanied with higher and more severe speech and language delay.
Early cerebral vasculitic infarcts in acute pneumococcal meningitis
Authors: Ramineni Kiran Kumar , Bandaru Omprakash , Borad Dharmendra Kumar , Jakkani Ravi Kanth
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Laser-assisted uncovering of dental implants
Authors: Razmara Farnoosh , Ghazanfari Rezvaneh , Shabankare Ghazal
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Laser assisted uncovering of dental implants is one of the most interesting aspects of lasers utilization. Compared to conventional scalpel technique, this method provides less bleeding and pain and shorter healing period, leading to a better patient compliance. The objective of this study is to contribute a comprehensive review on laser assisted second-stage of implant surgery.
Materials and Methods: We searched Pubmed and Google Scholar databases using combined keyword search or medical subject headings. Eight articles from 2009 to 2019 were identified and assessed.
Results: Selected studies were categorized according to variables including amount of pain, need for anesthesia, soft tissue healing, temperature rise and quality of impressions. All the reviewed articles, measuring the amount of required anesthesia, agreed that laser-aided uncovering of implants needs significantly less anesthesia compared to conventional scalpel technique. Laser-assisted uncovering of their implants led to less pain. Ex-vivo studies measuring temperature rise, suggested that application of a non-contact 445nm diode laser reduces the temperature rise significantly. However, Er:YAG lasers proved to generate lower temperature rise. Diode lasers showed no significant amelioration of soft tissue healing whilst Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers revealed superior esthetic results and shorter healing period. Impressions can be taken 4-7 days after the laser-assisted surgery with a satisfactory quality. Conclusion: Laser-assisted uncovering of implants can be selected as an alternative over the conventional scalpel technique. But, further studies are advisable
Trans Fatty Acid Analysis of Frying Oil Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy: A Study on Indian Traditional Snack Foods
Authors: Kumar R. , Bhattacharya B. , Agarwal T. , Chakkaravarthi S.
Published: June 2020

Background: Trans Fatty Acid (TFA) content in oil is an important quality parameter due to its adverse health effect. This study was aimed to examine the TFA content in the frying oil used by street food vendors in India for two traditional snack foods.
Methods: Totally, 143 oil samples were collected at different frying times (0, 2, and 4 h) from five different vendors for Samosa and Jalebi. TFA levels of the oil samples were analyzed by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATRFTIR). Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software version 23.0.
Results: ATR-FTIR spectra exhibited an increase in peak intensity at 966 cm-1 with different frying time in both frying oil samples, indicating the formation of TFA. The TFA content in oils fried at 4 h was significantly higher than the ones at 0 and 2 intervals. It was found that 3 out of 74 (4%) Samosa fried oils and 12 out of 69 (17.4%) Jalebi fried oils were over the maximum allowed regulatory limit of TFA (5%). Jalebi fried oils had significantly higher TFA content than Samosa fried oils.
Conclusion: The increase in frying time decreased the peroxide values and increased saturated fatty acids and TFA values of oils used for both food items. The local vendors and consumers should be educated by national authorities regarding health risk of TFA in street fried snacks.
Combination of Clove and Lemon Basil Essential Oils for Preservation of Chicken Meat
Authors: Hartanti D. , Septiyaningrum N.A. , Hamad A.
Published: June 2020

Background: Clove and lemon basil are widely used in Indonesian culinary and known for their antimicrobial properties. This study was designed to identify the chemical constituents of single clove and lemon basil Essential Oils (EOs) as well as determine the potential of the combinations of both EO for preserving chicken meats.
Methods: The compositions of clove and lemon basil EOs were evaluated with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. Three different concentration ratios of the combination of clove and lemon basil EOs (2:0.2, 1:1, and 0.1:2% v/v) were prepared along with single clove and lemon basil EOs in a concentration of 1% v/v. Their potential preservation effect was evaluated by observing the reduction of the microbial growth on the meats by evaluating Optical Density (OD) of cultured bacterial suspensions during 15 days of refrigerated storage. Statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS Statistics v. 20.
Results: The major constituents of clove EO were eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and αhumulene, while those of lemon basil were estragol, linalool, E-citral, and Z-citral. Both treatment groups and storage time affected significantly on ODs of the samples. Combination of these two EOs, particularly at the optimum ratio of 1:1%, showed the best microbial inhibitory activity, and delayed the sensorial changes of the meats for 12 days.
Conclusion: The combinations of cloves and lemon basil EOs showed a better microbial growth inhibitory activity and preservation potential than those of the single use. This meat preservation effects might be related to the presence of high fractions of oxygenated compounds, mainly eugenol, Z-citral, and E-citral in both clove and lemon basil EOs.