bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity in the growth response of isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans to different essential oils
Authors: Helmer Stepan , Panek Matej
Published: June 2024

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans (FOC) causes yellow wilt, a serious cabbage disease. This fungal species is composed of many strains within two pathotypes. In this study, the inhibitory effect of essential oils of six aromatic and medicinal plants (oregano, thyme, clove, cinnamon, lemongrass, litsea) at multiple concentrations on eight FOC isolates of different origins was investigated. Our results showed that oregano essential oil had the greatest inhibitory effect. The tested essential oils could be divided into three clusters according to the similar content of their main components (oregano and thyme, clove and cinnamon, lemongrass, and litsea), which correlated to some extent with their inhibitory effects on FOC. The tested isolates also differed in their response to the studied essential oils. The differences within FOC races were more important than between races, and the sensitivity of isolates against essential oils seemed to be more related to the geographical origin of the isolates, rather than to their race affiliation.
Possible Futures for the Psychological Network Approach: Agenda for Clinical Scientists
Authors: Kashihara Jun , Sugawara Daichi , Kunisato Yoshihiko , Takebayashi Yoshitake , Nakajima Shun , Ito Masaya
Published: June 2024

The psychological network approach, which conceptualizes mental disorders as complex systems and provides a statistical toolbox to estimate symptom networks, has evoked innovations in psychopathology research. This perspective paper discusses how to implement this approach in real‐world clinical settings, emphasizing that clinical scientists should motivate clinicians and clients to utilize it. To promote the clinical use of the psychological network approach, we provide the following five steps clinical scientists should undertake: (a) provide clinicians and clients with the necessary background knowledge, (b) encourage clinicians to use the narrative network models, (c) provide clinicians with user‐friendly software to conduct empirical network analyses, (d) explore clients' experiences during the pilot trials using the psychological network approach, and (e) develop guidelines for interventions using the psychological network approach through the collaboration of clinical scientists, clinicians, and clients. We close the paper by discussing the importance of bridging the academic field and clinical settings, in the hopes that other clinical scientists will participate in the discussion of possible futures for the psychological network approach.
Seed‐predation and dispersal by ants determine plant‐species dominance and diversity in a semi‐arid grassland
Authors: García‐Meza Diego , Ríos‐Casanova Leticia , Zavala‐Hurtado Alejandro , Martorell Carlos
Published: June 2024

Question

Granivorous ants may affect plants negatively by diminishing their numbers, or positively by dispersing seeds, reducing aggregation and thus competition. We assessed whether, and how, ants affect plant populations and community diversity.

Location

Semi‐arid grassland in southern Mexico.

Methods

Over 5 years, using ant exclosures, we compared plant diversity in plots where ants were present or not using Hill numbers. Furthermore, we determined whether the effects of ants on plant species depend on the relative dominance or rarity of plants. We tested whether ants cause greater reductions in the abundance of the plant species they prefer most. We also determined whether plant species whose aggregation was reduced by ants increased in numbers.

Results

Six plant species increased their numbers when ants were present, and four experienced reductions. Ants reduced richness, although evidence was inconclusive; however, they clearly increased dominant species diversity (2D). Although the overall effect that ants exerted on plant species did not depend on their dominance or rarity, four of the five most abundant species were favored by ants. Ants’ preferences did not determine their effect on species’ abundance. The species that benefited from ants were those whose spatial aggregation increased when exposed to ants.

Conclusions

Ants do not maintain richness, but instead may reduce it by favoring a few dominant species. The lack of a relationship between ants’ preferences and their effect on plant populations may arise from a mixture of positive and negative effects on the preferred seeds. Ants may increase aggregation by enhancing seedling performance near their nests, where conditions may be improved, and by dispersing seeds into these areas. This is in line with our finding that common species are favored by ants, because, at our study site, they are more likely to be dispersed.
Ineffective esophageal motility is associated with diabetes mellitus end organ complications
Authors: Baroud Serge , Kerbage Anthony , Patel Amit , Horton Anthony , Sims Ariel , Patel Dhyanesh , Mehta Kurren , Kapil Neil , Kavitt Robert , Rangan Vikram , Yu Yue , Shibli Fahmi , Song Gengqing , Fass Ronnie
Published: June 2024

Background

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is known to induce a wide range of harmful effects on several organs, notably leading to ineffective esophageal motility (IEM). However, the relationship between DM and IEM is not fully elucidated. We aimed to determine the relationship between DM and IEM and to evaluate the impact of DM's end organ complications on IEM severity.

Methods

A multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing high‐resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) was performed. We reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with IEM using HREM, encompassing data on demographics, DM history, antidiabetic and other medications as well as comorbidities.

Key Results

Two hundred and forty six subjects met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in any of the HREM parameters between diabetics and nondiabetics. Out of 246 patients, 92 were diabetics. Diabetics with neuropathy presented a significantly lower distal contractile integral (DCI) value compared to those without neuropathy (248.2 ± 226.7 mmHg·cm·sec vs. 375.6 ± 232.4 mmHg·cm·sec; p = 0.02) Similarly, the DCI was lower in diabetics with retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy (199.9 ± 123.1 mmHg·cm·sec vs. 335.4 ± 251.7 mmHg·cm·sec; p = 0.041). Additionally, a significant difference was observed in DCI values among DM patients with ≥2 comorbidities compared to those without comorbidities (224.8 ± 161.0 mmHg·cm·sec vs. 394.2 ± 243.6 mmHg·cm·sec; p = 0.025). Around 12.6% of the variation in DCI could be explained by its linear relationship with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), with a regression coefficient (β) of −55.3.

Conclusion & Inferences

DM is significantly associated with IEM in patients with neuropathy, retinopathy, or multiple comorbidities. These results are pivotal for tailoring patient‐specific management approaches.
Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound combined with ST36 modulate gastric smooth muscle contractile marker expression via RhoA/Rock and MALAT1/miR‐449a/DLL1 signaling in diabetic rats
Authors: Han Nie , Cheng Shaodan , Jin Ye , Li Guanheng , Wang Huan , Jin Lin
Published: June 2024

Background

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) combined with acupoint can promote gastric motility of diabetic rats. The switch of gastric smooth muscle cell (GSMCs) phenotype was related to the diabetes‐induced gastric dysfunction, but the mechanism is not clearly elucidated. This study was aimed at exploring the underlying mechanism of LIPUS stimulation application in diabetic gastroparesis rats.

Methods

In this study, Sprague–Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: control group (CON), diabetic gastroparesis group (DGP), and LIPUS‐treated group (LIPUS). LIPUS irradiation was performed bilaterally at ST36 for 20 min per day for 4 weeks. The gastric emptying rate was measured by ultrasound examination. Contraction ability of GSMCs was assessed by muscle strip experiment. The expression of related proteins or mRNAs including α‐SMA, SM22α, MHC, RhoA, Rock2, p‐MYPT1, MYPT1, p‐MLC, MLC, MALAT1, miR‐449a, and DLL1 was detected by different methods such as western blotting, RT‐qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining, as appropriate.

Key Results

(a) LIPUS stimulation at ST36 could improve the gastric motility dysfunction of diabetic rats. (b) LIPUS increased RhoA, Rock2, p‐MYPT1, and p‐MLC expression level. (c) MALAT1 and DLL1 contents were decreased, but the level of miR‐449a was increased in the LIPUS group.

Conclusions & Inferences

LIPUS may affect the contractile marker expression of gastric smooth muscle through the RhoA/Rock and MALAT1/miR‐449a/DLL1 pathway to ameliorate DGP.
Telehealth is effective for pelvic health physical therapy
Authors: Karhu Elisa , Gurland Brooke , Barten Julia , Miller Lucia , Yi Gloria , Shen Sa , Neshatian Leila
Published: June 2024

Background

Telehealth utilization, largely spurred by the COVID‐19 pandemic, has become popular due to convenience and access. We assessed the effectiveness of telehealth for delivering pelvic health physical therapy (PHPT) in patients with pelvic floor disorders (PFD).

Methods

In this IRB approved, cross‐sectional study, 812 patients who underwent PHPT treatment by telehealth or in combination with in‐person visits were surveyed. Post intervention effectiveness was analyzed using Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) and short form Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ‐7).

Results

One hundred and forty‐one patients, 80% female, mean (SD) age of 52 (17) completed the study. The mean number of encounters was 4.55 (4.25) with 2.81 (2.08) telehealth visits. A total of 42 (30%) patients reported no change/worse, 27 (19%) minimal, and 72 (51%) moderate/much improvement of symptoms consistent with a lower PFIQ‐7 scores. Patients who reported improvement were significantly younger (p < 0.002). Age was the only independent factor that could predict response to PHPT. Patients <50 years old reported significantly more symptom improvement (p < 0.02), symptom resolution (p < 0.002), meeting personal goals (p < 0.0001), improved muscle strength, coordination, and relaxation (p < 0.05), greater satisfaction with bowel movements, and less negative impact of bowel on quality of life (p < 0.005) than older patients. Regardless of age, 89 (64%) patients preferred hybrid telehealth visits.

Conclusion & Inferences

Utilizing telehealth alone or in a hybrid format combined with in‐person visits for PHPT appears to be preferred by patients and associated with subjective report of improvement of symptoms. However, efficacy of telehealth interventions in older adults warrants further studies.
Associations between gut microbiota characteristics and non‐motor symptoms following pharmacological and surgical treatments in Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Gorecka‐Mazur Agnieszka , Krygowska‐Wajs Anna , Furgala Agata , Li Jiaqi , Misselwitz Benjamin , Pietraszko Wojciech , Kwinta Borys , Yilmaz Bahtiyar
Published: June 2024

Background

The gut microbiota has been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD), with alterations observed in microbial composition and reduced microbial species richness, which may influence gastrointestinal symptoms in PD patients. It remains to be determined whether the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms correlates with microbiota variations in PD patients treated pharmacologically or with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) therapy. This study aims to explore how these treatments affect gut microbiota and gastrointestinal symptoms in PD, identifying specific microbial differences associated with each treatment modality.

Methods

A total of 42 individuals diagnosed with PD, along with 38 age‐matched household control participants, contributed stool samples for microbiota characterization. Differences in the gut microbiota across various groups of PD patients and their households were identified through comprehensive sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Key Results

Differences in microbial communities were observed between PD patients and controls, as well as between PD patients receiving pharmacological treatment and those with STN‐DBS. Pharmacologically treated advanced PD patients have higher gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Gut microbiota profile linked to STN‐DBS and reduced levodopa consumption, characterized by its anti‐inflammatory properties, might play a role in diminishing gastrointestinal dysfunction relative to only pharmacological treatments.

Conclusions & Inferences

Advanced PD patients on medication exhibit more gastrointestinal issues, despite relatively stable microbial diversity, indicating a complex interaction between gut microbiota, PD progression, and treatment effects. An imbalanced gut–brain axis, particularly due to reduced butyrate production, may lead to constipation by affecting the enteric nervous system, which emphasizes the need to incorporate gut microbiome insights into treatment strategies.
Asthma control associated with anxiety and depression in asthmatic children following post‐acute COVID‐19
Authors: Chang Tung‐Ming , Chen Yun , Yang Kuender D. , Wang Jiu‐Yao , Lin Ching‐Yuang , Chang Yu‐Jun , Chen Chang‐Hua , Tsai Yi‐Giien
Published: June 2024

Background

Poor asthma control may adversely affect mental health. Our study investigates the correlation between inadequate asthma control, exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) levels, and anxiety and depression among pediatric asthma patients with COVID‐19.

Methods

This prospective case–control study enrolled 520 asthmatic children (8–15 years), including 336 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 after rapid antigen testing at home and 184 age‐matched asthmatic patients without COVID‐19 infection. FENO and spirometry were performed 1 month after COVID‐19 infection. Scores for Child Anxiety‐Related Disorders (SCARED) and depression screen derived from Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) to assess their mental health status. Childhood asthma control test (C‐ACT), FENO levels, and spirometry were correlated with the SCARED and PHQ‐9 questionnaires.

Results

SCARED subscales, including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, school avoidance, and depression scores from PHQ‐9, exhibited a significant increase in asthmatic patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 (p < .05). Among asthmatic children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, the poor asthma control group exhibited the highest SCARED and PHQ‐9 measurements (p < .01). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that reduced C‐ACT scores and elevated FENO levels in asthmatic children with COVID‐19 were significant risk factors for both anxiety and depression scores (p < .05). Lower C‐ACT scales were associated with high scores of SCARED (r = −0.471) and PHQ‐9 (r = −0.329) in asthmatic children (p < .001).

Conclusions

The current study emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to closely monitor asthma control in asthmatic children to prevent heightened risks of depression and anxiety during the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic.
Innate immune responses are increased in children with acute asthma exacerbation
Authors: Sheikh Shahid , Eisner Mariah , Walum Joshua , Heyob Kathryn , Khan Aiman Q. , Lewis Brandon , Grayson Mitchell , Kopp Benjamin , McCoy Karen , Britt Rodney
Published: June 2024

Background

Little is known about the immune responses during acute asthma exacerbation. In this study, we examined immune responses in children following an acute asthma exacerbation.

Methods

We evaluated pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels and gene expression profiles in blood samples from pediatric patients admitted for acute asthma exacerbation. Viral PCR was performed to differentiate between viral or non‐viral‐associated exacerbations.

Results

Following informed consent, clinical data were obtained from 20 children with asthma (median [interquartile range, IQR]: age 11.5 [8.0, 14.2]) years and 14 healthy age‐matched controls (10.5 [7.0, 13.0]). Twelve had positive nasopharyngeal Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for viral infection (11 rhinoviruses and 1 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)). Nine were in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and among them five required continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Mean (±SD) days on systemic steroids before drawing blood sample were 2.5 ± 1.6. Twelve had history of environmental allergies with 917 (274, 1396) IU/mL total IgE (median (IQR)). Compared with controls, IL‐1RA and IL‐10 levels were significantly increased and TNF‐α significantly decreased in asthma subjects (p < .05 for all). RNA‐seq analysis revealed 852 differentially expressed genes in subjects with asthma. Pathway analysis found upregulated genes and pathways involved in innate immune responses in subjects with asthma. Significantly reduced genes included pathways associated with T helper cell differentiation and activation.

Conclusions

In acute asthma exacerbation, innate immune pathways remained increased while adaptive immune responses related to T helper cells are blunted and are independent of trigger or asthma severity. Our novel findings highlight the need to identify new therapies to target persistent innate immune responses to improve outcomes in acute asthma.
Harnessing cold adaptation for postglacial colonisation: Galactinol synthase expression and raffinose accumulation in a polyploid and its progenitors
Authors: Fechete Lavinia Ioana , Larking Anna C. , Heslop Angus , Hannaford Rina , Anderson Craig B. , Hong Won , Prakash Sushma , Mace Wade , Alikhani Salome , Hofmann Rainer W. , Tausen Marni , Schierup Mikkel Heide , Andersen Stig Uggerhøj , Griffiths Andrew G.
Published: June 2024

Allotetraploid white clover (Trifolium repens) formed during the last glaciation through hybridisation of two European diploid progenitors from restricted niches: one coastal, the other alpine. Here, we examine which hybridisation‐derived molecular events may have underpinned white clover's postglacial niche expansion. We compared the transcriptomic frost responses of white clovers (an inbred line and an alpine‐adapted ecotype), extant descendants of its progenitor species and a resynthesised white clover neopolyploid to identify genes that were exclusively frost‐induced in the alpine progenitor and its derived subgenomes. From these analyses we identified galactinol synthase, the rate‐limiting enzyme in biosynthesis of the cryoprotectant raffinose, and found that the extant descendants of the alpine progenitor as well as the neopolyploid white clover rapidly accumulated significantly more galactinol and raffinose than the coastal progenitor under cold stress. The frost‐induced galactinol synthase expression and rapid raffinose accumulation derived from the alpine progenitor likely provided an advantage during early postglacial colonisation for white clover compared to its coastal progenitor.
Phototherapy for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in Singaporean children and adolescents
Authors: Chia Shi Yun , Chee Elton Ern Cher , Wee Lynette Wei Yi , Koh Mark Jean Aan
Published: June 2024

Background/Purpose

Phototherapy has emerged as a safe yet effective form of treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Few studies have been done to evaluate the efficacy of phototherapy in Asian children. The aim of this study was to review the phototherapy experience in a cohort of Asian pediatric patients with AD at a tertiary dermatologic center in Singapore.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients 18 years and below with AD who had undergone phototherapy at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, over a 4‐year period was performed.

Results

Sixty‐two patients were identified, between ages 4 and 16 years (mean age 11 years) at the time of commencement of phototherapy. Thirty‐five (60%) patients were males and 23 (40%) were females. Most patients had moderate to severe disease, with 60.3% of the patients with an initial body surface area (BSA) involvement of 31%–60% and 13.8% of the patients with an initial BSA involvement of 61%–90%. For patients who had undergone narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) and combined ultraviolet A (UVA) and NBUVB phototherapy, the mean reduction of the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) scores were 11.4 and 7.9, respectively. Common side effects experienced include xerosis, pruritus, erythema, and pain. Other reasons for cessation of therapy in the NBUVB group included time commitment difficulty (9.3%), hyperactivity (2.3%), and claustrophobia (2.3%). Two patients that had photochemotherapy (psoralen + UVA) [PUVA] suffered from post‐UVA burns requiring cessation of treatment. More than half of the patients (56.9%) treated with phototherapy experienced treatment success with improvement in Investigator Global Assessment and EASI scores. 86.2% of the patients had good compliance to the treatment regime, 12% had poor‐compliance, and 3.4% were lost to follow‐up.

Conclusion

Phototherapy is a useful treatment adjunct for moderate to severe AD in Asian children.
Anterior N2 enhancement is not a general electrophysiological index of concealed information
Authors: Hsu Chun‐Wei , Schofield Tigan , Ganis Giorgio
Published: June 2024

Event‐related potentials (ERPs) have been used with the concealed information test (CIT) to detect concealed recognition of specific stimuli (i.e., “probes”). While most research has focused on the P300 component, which is larger for infrequent probes than for frequent control stimuli (i.e., “irrelevants”), some studies have investigated an earlier ERP component, the anterior N2, with mixed results. Although some studies have reported a larger anterior N2 for probes than irrelevants (N2 enhancement), other studies, including our own, have not found such an effect. The present study aimed to replicate and extend our previous findings using the same CIT paradigm and measurement parameters. Results of Bayesian analyses show strong evidence against the hypothesis of anterior N2 enhancement by probes, replicating our previous work. Bayesian analyses also show strong evidence against the hypothesis of N2 enhancement for the three components revealed by a temporal principal component analysis (PCA) conducted to disentangle potentially overlapping ERP effects. In conclusion, whereas the CIT has shown promise in detecting recognition of specific information, anterior N2 enhancement cannot be used as an electrophysiological measure of concealed information across CIT paradigms.
Conceptualizing grandiose and vulnerable narcissism as alternative status‐seeking strategies: Insights from hierometer theory
Authors: Mahadevan Nikhila
Published: June 2024

Theory and research support a distinction between two forms of narcissism: grandiose and vulnerable. People high in grandiose narcissism are arrogant, extraverted, and authoritative, whereas people high in vulnerable narcissism are insecure, introverted, and diffident. I propose that a useful approach to understanding these two forms of narcissism is to view them through a socio‐evolutionary lens. Guided by evolutionary adaptationist models of rank and, more specifically, by hierometer theory, I put forward a novel theoretical account of both forms of narcissism and examine contemporary research in light of it. Specifically, I conceptualize grandiose and vulnerable narcissism as two alternative status‐seeking strategies. Whereas grandiose narcissism appears to operate as a status‐promoting “hawk” strategy, vulnerable narcissism appears to operate as a status‐protecting “dove” strategy. This parsimonious and functional account of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism sheds light on their similarities and differences, explains disparate and seemingly contradictory findings in the literature, and informs a better understanding of the paradoxical nature of narcissism.
A Deep LSTM-Sliding Window Model for Real-Time Monitoring of Railroad Conditions Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)
Authors: Rahman Md Arifur , Jamal Suhaima , Taheri Hossein
Published: June 2024

Ensuring safety remains the paramount concern within railway systems. While extensive research has been conducted on multiple facets of train safety, the ongoing challenge lies in the real-time monitoring and timely detection of defects, including their occurrence, causes, and severity. Optical fiber cable has been proven to sense long-distance condition monitoring by using optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR). Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) uses fiber optic cables along the track to detect any anomaly indicator such as vibration-based defective features. DAS systems can collect data over long distances. DAS became an excellent solution for real-time condition monitoring due to their high-speed data transmission capabilities, sensing certain mechanical and operational properties, such as strain, vibration, temperature, and pressure, which made the optical cables applicable for real-time structural condition monitoring. Conventional monitoring methods need time, physical inspection, scheduling, and higher financial involvement, while a knowledge-based method contains realtime monitoring, analysis, prediction, and classification of any occurrences at any remote distance from the monitoring station. The crack, rock fail, broken fail, flat wheel, rail condition, and track bed condition estimate from the DAS data require massive data analytics with an intelligence interface. Meanwhile, using sliding windows, machine learning, and deep learning tools, a data-driven intelligent method for fault detection has become an ideal technology among researchers. Fault diagnosis methods based on data-driven algorithms can identify failure types at the inspection site and provide a predictive failure plan to the maintenance team, which leads to increased safety, reliability, and profitability, as well as an improvement in the overall implementation of the data-driven predictive algorithms in the fields. This paper explores railway tracks’ structural health and condition monitoring using DAS data extracted from a High Tonnage Loop (HTL)-fiber optic bed In MxV Rail facilities (Pueblo, CO) and applying a Deep Long-Short Term Memory-Sliding Window (DLSTM-SW) model, that achieved a condition detection accuracy higher than 97% with a swift data processing time which led the model to the application of real-time monitoring of the remote condition of railroad. The findings of this article include automatically labeling each of the railroad’s distributed points or locations, defining the condition such as Defective Location (DL), Non-Defective Location (NDL), and Train Position (TP) along the fiber cable length of the railroad. In addition, as DAS generates a huge amount of data, it takes higher time for data processing, filtering, and feature extraction with traditional machine learning or deep learning methods, while the processed DLSTM-SW model takes only a few seconds which makes the model applicable for real-time monitoring.
Fault Detection of a Loose Bolt Connection for Implementation of the DC Series Motor in the Railway Industry by Wavelet
Authors: Yousefnejad Soheil , Gholizadeh Navid
Published: June 2024

DC series motors are widely used in heavy-duty industrial applications due to their exceptional starting torque capabilities. The starting torque requirement for these motors places significant stress on the connection bolts within the motor setup. When these connection bolts become loose, whether due to variations in tension between the motor and the setup, dynamic loads, or inadequate force during installation, it leads to detrimental consequences. Loose bolts adversely affect the motor’s performance, potentially causing damage to the setup and gears, and even failure of the cranking procedure. In light of these concerns, this paper investigates the effect of the DC series motors with loose bolt connections. It aims to demonstrate how insufficient torque applied to the connection bolts adversely affects motor performance. Furthermore, this paper introduces an approach for fault detection using wavelet techniques to identify and address this issue in DC series motors.
Empirical Verification of a Heuristic Radio Propagation Model in a Non-Uniform Subway Tunnel Environment
Authors: Aziminejad Arash , Wu Ashley , Lee Andrew , Epelbaum Gabriel
Published: June 2024

Modern rail and particularly automated train systems utilize train control schemes which rely on continuous onboard-wayside wireless communication in the UHF/SHF frequency bands. The knowledge of radio propagation process and propagation environment are essential for specification, design, installation, and optimization of the cited wireless communication systems. To this end, radio propagation prediction models are applied which are normally characterized by the radio environment as a function of frequency and distance between transmitter and receiver along with electromagnetic characteristics of the propagation environment. These radio propagation models typically predict received power level or path loss profile for specific transmitter and receiver location. A railway tunnel offers a common and complex radio propagation scenario for automated train control applications with strict radio-based data communication subsystem requirements.

In this research, special attention has been given to the case of theoretical modeling of the UHF/SHF radio propagation process inside curved multi-section inhomogeneous tunnels. The theoretical results are compared to the measurement data collected through an extensive field validation campaign conducted in the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) subway tunnels.
A Hybrid Rail Surface Spot Irregularities (RSSI) Detection Algorithm Based on Onboard Measurements
Authors: Naseri Reza , Gedney Brennan L. , Asgari Hossein , Rizos Dimitris C.
Published: June 2024

Early detection of Rail Surface Spot Irregularities (RSSI), when damage is minor in severity, holds significant advantages for maintenance operations. Minor RSSI can be simply resurfaced, which is far more cost-effective compared to the rail replacement often necessitated by advanced RSSI. This study presents a novel RSSI detection method which consists of a hybrid approach combining Wavelet Packet Analysis (WPA) and the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT). This proposed technique capitalizes on the strengths of each method, mitigating their individual limitations and resulting in improved overall performance. The method extracts RSSI locations along a track through analysis of Axle Box Acceleration (ABA) data from an in-service train. The presented algorithm is implemented in a numerically simulated environment that accounts for various levels of background noise contamination in the measurements. The hybrid method successfully identified the locations and dimensions of the localized imperfection on each the surface.
Voice reduction in cardiac auscultation sounds with reference signals measured from vocal resonators
Authors: Hwang Soyun , Lee Hee Su , Park Chan Hun , Jung Jae Yun , Lee Jung Chan
Published: June 2024

This study proposes the use of vocal resonators to enhance cardiac auscultation signals and evaluates their performance for voice-noise suppression. Data were collected using two electronic stethoscopes while each study subject was talking. One collected auscultation signal from the chest while the other collected voice signals from one of the three voice resonators (cheek, back of the neck, and shoulder). The spectral subtraction method was applied to the signals. Both objective and subjective metrics were used to evaluate the quality of enhanced signals and to investigate the most effective vocal resonator for noise suppression. Our preliminary findings showed a significant improvement after enhancement and demonstrated the efficacy of vocal resonators. A listening survey was conducted with thirteen physicians to evaluate the quality of enhanced signals, and they have received significantly better scores regarding the sound quality than their original signals. The shoulder resonator group demonstrated significantly better sound quality than the cheek group when reducing voice sound in cardiac auscultation signals. The suggested method has the potential to be used for the development of an electronic stethoscope with a robust noise removal function. Significant clinical benefits are expected from the expedited preliminary diagnostic procedure.
Neuronal representation of visual working memory content in the primate primary visual cortex
Authors: Huang Jiancao , Wang Tian , Dai Weifeng , Li Yang , Yang Yi , Zhang Yange , Wu Yujie , Zhou Tingting , Xing Dajun
Published: June 2024

The human ability to perceive vivid memories as if they “float” before our eyes, even in the absence of actual visual stimuli, captivates the imagination. To determine the neural substrates underlying visual memories, we investigated the neuronal representation of working memory content in the primary visual cortex of monkeys. Our study revealed that neurons exhibit unique responses to different memory contents, using firing patterns distinct from those observed during the perception of external visual stimuli. Moreover, this neuronal representation evolves with alterations in the recalled content and extends beyond the retinotopic areas typically reserved for processing external visual input. These discoveries shed light on the visual encoding of memories and indicate avenues for understanding the remarkable power of the mind’s eye.
The nucleosynthetic fingerprint of the outermost protoplanetary disk and early Solar System dynamics
Authors: van Kooten Elishevah , Zhao Xuchao , Franchi Ian , Tung Po-Yen , Fairclough Simon , Walmsley John , Onyett Isaac , Schiller Martin , Bizzarro Martin
Published: June 2024

Knowledge of the nucleosynthetic isotope composition of the outermost protoplanetary disk is critical to understand the formation and early dynamical evolution of the Solar System. We report the discovery of outer disk material preserved in a pristine meteorite based on its chemical composition, organic-rich petrology, and
15
N-rich, deuterium-rich, and
16
O-poor isotope signatures. We infer that this outer disk material originated in the comet-forming region. The nucleosynthetic Fe, Mg, Si, and Cr compositions of this material reveal that, contrary to current belief, the isotope signature of the comet-forming region is ubiquitous among outer Solar System bodies, possibly reflecting an important planetary building block in the outer Solar System. This nucleosynthetic component represents fresh material added to the outer disk by late accretion streamers connected to the ambient molecular cloud. Our results show that most Solar System carbonaceous asteroids accreted material from the comet-forming region, a signature lacking in the terrestrial planet region.
Non-STEM majors COVID-19 vaccine impressions improve, and misconceptions resolve, after podcast assignment
Authors: Morra Christina N. , Adkins Sarah J. , Barnes M. Elizabeth , Pirlo Obadiah J. , Fleming Ryleigh , Convers Bianca J. , Glass Sarah P. , Howell Michael L. , Raut Samiksha A.
Published: June 2024

Misinformation regarding vaccine science decreased the receptiveness to COVID-19 vaccines, exacerbating the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on society. To mitigate the negative societal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, impactful and creative science communication was needed, yet little research has explored how to encourage COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and address misconceptions held by non-Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics majors (referred to as non-majors). We have previously demonstrated that including expert guest lectures in the vaccine module in the non-major introductory biology course helps combat students’ vaccine hesitancy. In the present study, we further address how learning about vaccines impacts student knowledge and impressions of the COVID-19 vaccines through a podcast assignment. As a part of this assignment, non-majors created podcasts to address COVID-19 vaccine misconceptions of their choice. We coded pre and post, open-ended essay reflections (
n
= 40) to assess non-majors’ knowledge and impressions of the COVID-19 vaccines. Non-majors’ impressions of the vaccines improved following the podcast assignment with more than three times as many students reporting a positive view of the assignment than negative views. Notably, eight of the nine interviewed students still ended the course with misconceptions about the COVID-19 vaccines, such as the vaccines being unnecessary or causing fertility issues. In a post semi-structured interview following this assignment, students (
n
= 7) discussed the impact of looking into the specific misconceptions related to COVID-19 vaccines themselves, including improved science communication skills and understanding of different perspectives. Thus, podcasts can provide opportunities for students to improve engagement in valuable societal topics like vaccine literacy in the non-majors classroom.
HPV-18 E6 enhances the interaction between EMILIN2 and SNX27 to promote WNT signaling
Authors: Broniarczyk Justyna , Trejo-Cerro Oscar , Massimi Paola , Kavčič Nežka , Myers Michael P. , Banks Lawrence
Published: June 2024

Oncogenic HPV E6 proteins have a PDZ-binding motif (PBM) which plays important roles in both the viral life cycle and tumor development. The PBM confers interaction with a large number of different PDZ domain-containing substrates, one of which is Sorting Nexin 27. This protein is part of the retromer complex and plays an important role in endocytic sorting pathways. It has been shown that at least two SNX27 interacting partners, GLUT1 and TANC2, are aberrantly trafficked due to the E6 PBM-dependent interaction with SNX27. To investigate further which other components of the endocytic trafficking pathway might be affected by the SNX27-HPV E6 interaction, we analyzed the SNX27 proteome interaction profile in a previously described HeLa cell line expressing GFP-SNX27, both in the presence and absence of the HPV-18 E6 oncoprotein. In this study, we identify a novel interacting partner of SNX27, secreted glycoprotein EMILIN2, whose release is blocked by HPV18 E6 in a PBM-dependent manner. Mechanistically, E6 can block EMILIN2 interaction with the WNT1 ligand, thereby enhancing WNT1 signaling and promoting cell proliferation.

IMPORTANCE

This study demonstrates that HPV E6 blocks EMILIN2 inhibition of WNT1 signaling, thereby enhancing cell proliferation in HPV-positive tumor cells. This involves a novel mechanism whereby the E6 PBM actually contributes toward enhancing the interaction between SNX27 and EMILIN2, suggesting that the mode of recognition of SNX27 by E6 and EMILIN2 is different. This is the first example of the E6 PBM altering a PDZ domain-containing protein to enhance potential substrate recognition.
Unraveling the mechanism of thermotolerance by Set302 in
Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Ni Yue , Qiao Yue , Tian Xing , Li Hailong , Meng Yang , Li Chao , Du Wei , Sun Tianshu , Zhu Keting , Huang Wei , Yan He , Li Jia , Zhou Renjie , Ding Chen , Gao Xindi
Published: June 2024

The underlying mechanism of thermotolerance, which is a key virulence factor essential for pathogenic fungi such as
Cryptococcus neoformans
, is largely unexplored. In this study, our findings suggest that Set302, a homolog of Set3 and a subunit of histone deacetylase complex Set3C, contributes to thermotolerance in
C. neoformans
. Specifically, the deletion of the predicted Set3C core subunit, Set302, resulted in further reduction in the growth of
C. neoformans
at 39°C, and survival of transient incubation at 50°C. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that the expression levels of numerous heat stress-responsive genes altered at both 30°C and 39°C due to the lack of Set302. Notably, at 39°C, the absence of Set302 led to the downregulation of gene expression related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Based on the GFP-α-synuclein overexpression model to characterize misfolded proteins, we observed a pronounced accumulation of misfolded GFP-α-synuclein at 39°C, consequently inhibiting
C. neoformans
thermotolerance. Furthermore, the loss of Set302 exacerbated the accumulation of misfolded GFP-α-synuclein during heat stress. Interestingly, the
set302∆
strain exhibited a similar phenotype under proteasome stress as it did at 39°C. Moreover, the absence of Set302 led to reduced production of capsule and melanin.
set302∆
strain also displayed significantly reduced pathogenicity and colonization ability compared to the wild-type strain in the murine infection model. Collectively, our findings suggest that Set302 modulates thermotolerance by affecting the degradation of misfolded proteins and multiple virulence factors to mediate the pathogenicity of
C. neoformans
.

IMPORTANCE

Cryptococcus neoformans
is a pathogenic fungus that poses a potential and significant threat to public health. Thermotolerance plays a crucial role in the wide distribution in natural environments and host colonization of this fungus. Herein, Set302, a critical core subunit for the integrity of histone deacetylase complex Set3C and widely distributed in various fungi and mammals, governs thermotolerance and affects survival at extreme temperatures as well as the formation of capsule and melanin in
C. neoformans
. Additionally, Set302 participates in regulating the expression of multiple genes associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). By eliminating misfolded proteins under heat stress, Set302 significantly contributes to the thermotolerance of
C. neoformans
. Moreover, Set302 regulates the pathogenicity and colonization ability of
C. neoformans
in a murine model. Overall, this study provides new insight into the mechanism of thermotolerance in
C. neoformans
.
Occult middle meningeal artery to middle cerebral artery anastomosis associated with prior trauma
Authors: Watchmaker Jennifer Morgan , Sisti Jonathan Aristides , Shigematsu Tomoyoshi
Published: June 2024

The report describes a patient who presented with traumatic right temporoparietal calvarial fracture with chronic right subdural haematoma who underwent right middle meningeal artery embolisation with n-BCA during which direct filling of an anterior temporal branch of the middle cerebral artery was observed.
Cerebrospinal fluid CXCL13 concentration for diagnosis of neurosyphilis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Fang-Zhi , Zhang Xu , Zheng Xiao-Li , Zhang Rui-Li , Wang Qian-Qiu
Published: June 2024

Objective

To systematically assess the diagnostic accuracy of CXCL13 testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for neurosyphilis diagnosing.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases from their inception until 1 May 2023.

Eligibility criteria

Both cross-sectional and case–control diagnostic test studies evaluating the diagnostic value of CSF CXCL13 in diagnosing neurosyphilis were included, with no language restrictions.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two researchers extracted data independently from all finally included articles. The updated Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Quantitative synthesis was done using a bivariate random-effects model.

Results

This meta-analysis included seven eligible studies involving a total of 1152 patients with syphilis and 430 patients with neurosyphilis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and summary area under the curve (AUC) of CSF CXCL13 testing for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis were 0.76 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.85; I2=82%), 0.83 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.85; I2=32.29%) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.87), respectively. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the combined results. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the heterogeneity of pooled sensitivity was related to different study regions; subgroup analysis indicated that the diagnostic value of CSF CXCL13 testing reported in studies from China was superior to that reported in non-Chinese studies (pooled sensitivity, specificity and summary AUC values were 0.84(I2=0) vs 0.64 (I2=79.53%), 0.83 (I2=42.03%) vs 0.83 (I2=32.87%) and 0.87 vs 0.83, respectively). The diagnostic value reported in studies with a sample size ≥200, unclassified neurosyphilis and HIV-negative subgroups was superior to the total combined value.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis has demonstrated a reasonable level of accuracy for diagnosis of neurosyphilis with CSF CXCL13 testing. Further multicentre, prospective diagnostic studies, especially in asymptomatic neurosyphilis and HIV-infected patients, are needed to provide more evidence for evaluation before clinical application.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023414212.
Accuracy of digital measurement for quantitative and qualitative indicators of wound healing and repair: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kientzy Manon , Bursztejn Anne-Claire , Allaudeen Asiya Parvin , Chenuel Bruno , Hamroun Aghiles , Allado Edem
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Chronic wound care remains a critical public health challenge in terms of prevalence, quality of life and healthcare costs on a global scale. Currently used methods to assess the size and content of wounds include direct contact techniques based on double-layer film, ruler measurements, digital photography and visual examination. Nowadays, despite these evaluations, close monitoring and tracking of these chronic wounds remain a great challenge. The use of telemonitoring through digital measurement tools may offer a potential means of improving healing management processes. Many studies have evaluated the size and content of the wound through digital devices such as mobile phones and computers. However, the clinical accuracy of these tools remains to be clarified. The objective of this systematic review is to assess and consolidate the current state-of-the-art digital devices for both quantitative (length, width, surface area, perimeter, volume and depth) and qualitative (granulation, fibrin, necrosis and slough) indicators of wound care.

Methods and analysis

We will include studies using digital measurement methods from databases such as EBSCO, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE, limited to French and English publications until November 15, 2023. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, selection involves two independent reviewers conducting title and abstract screenings, study selections, data extractions and risk-of-bias assessments using QUADAS-2. Discrepancies will be resolved through discussion or a third reviewer.

Ethics and dissemination

Primary data will not be collected in this study; thus, ethical approval will not be required. The study’s findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023396642.