bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobilização precoce na fase aguda da trombose venosa profunda de membros inferiores
Authors: Penha Geane de Souza , Damiano Ana Paula , Carvalho Tales de , Lain Vinícius , Serafim João Daniel
Published: January 2010

O tratamento convencional da trombose venosa profunda na fase aguda consiste em restrição ao leito. Porém, estudos recentes contestam essa abordagem terapêutica, enfatizando que a mobilização precoce propicia resultados clínicos favoráveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi pesquisar em literatura científica, principalmente ensaios clínicos controlados, sobre a mobilização precoce de pacientes portadores de trombose venosa profunda de membros inferiores na fase aguda. Utilizou-se como estratégia de pesquisa o site PubMed para a busca de estudos relacionados à mobilização precoce, deambulação e trombose venosa profunda na fase aguda. Os artigos consultados abrangeram o período de 1992 a 2007. Em todos os estudos, a mobilização precoce esteve associada à heparina de baixo peso molecular e a terapia de compressão. Estudos avaliados nesta revisão têm demonstrado os benefícios na redução da dor e edema, com melhora da qualidade de vida, pela estratégia terapêutica de mobilização precoce em combinação com anticoagulação e compressão da perna na trombose venosa profunda, sem que ocorra maior risco de desfechos relevantes, como embolia pulmonar e morte.
Aneurisma de artéria femoral superficial roto: relato de caso e revisão de literatura
Authors: Oliveira Alexandre Faraco de , Oliveira Filho Horácio de
Published: January 2010

O aneurisma de artéria femoral superficial é um evento raro que costuma manifestar-se em pacientes com idade avançada, frequentemente associado a outros aneurismas, periféricos ou de aorta abdominal. O caso relatado refere-se a um paciente cujo aneurisma de artéria femoral superficial se apresentou roto e associado a um aneurisma de aorta abdominal. Foi submetido à revascularização cirúrgica fêmoro-poplítea mediante prótese de politetrafluoretileno, com sucesso. A revisão da literatura demonstra que embora haja uma tendência à manifestação aguda da doença, principalmente como ruptura, os resultados com o tratamento cirúrgico são excelentes.
Feeding habits of fish from a stream in the savanna of Central Brazil, Araguaia Basin
Authors: Melo Cesar Enrique de , Machado Francisco de Arruda , Pinto-Silva Vangil
Published: January 2010

The objective of the present study was to determine the composition of the diet of fish and its relation to the condition of canopy along a stream in the savanna of Central Brazil. Fish were collected monthly from April 1994 to March 1995. A total of 3872 individuals belonging to 82 species were captured and 1606 of them had their stomach content analysed. Allochthonous resources were widely used by fish. Although some fish groups do present generalist habits, most of the species can be included in well-defined trophic groups. Piscivores were abundant only during the flooding season when they occupied the stream looking for food and reproduction sites. Deforestation of the riparian forest has negative effects on the fish populations that depend on allochthonous resources. Lack of vegetation near the mouth of the river allows sand accumulation on the bottom of the stream and destruction of important microhabitats used as feeding and shelter, a fact that excluded some species from this site.
Astyanax totae, a new characid species (Teleostei: Characidae) from the upper rio Iguaçu basin, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Haluch Carolina Ferreira , Abilhoa Vinícius
Published: January 2010

A new species of characid fish, Astyanax totae, is described from a small tributary in the upper drainage of the rio Iguaçu, Paraná basin, Brazil. The new species is distinct from most species of Astyanax by the vertically elongated humeral spot, slightly expanded above the lateral line to posterodorsal margin of opercle, followed by a midlateral dark stripe expanded from the humeral region to the median caudal-fin rays, maxilla with 2 to 5 teeth (usually 3) and 15 to 18 branched anal-fin rays.
Parotocinclus arandai, a new species of hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rios Jucuruçu and Buranhém, States of Bahia and Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Sarmento-Soares Luisa Maria , Lehmann A. Pablo , Martins-Pinheiro Ronaldo Fernando
Published: January 2010

Parotocinclus arandai, new species of the hypoptopomatine catfish, is described from small creeks in the upper rios Jucuruçu and Buranhém basins, at the border of Brazilian States of Bahia and Minas Gerais. Parotocinclus arandai is distinguished from all congeners from the Atlantic coastal basins of southeastern and eastern Brazil, except Parotocinclus bahiensis, by having the branched rays and interradial membranes of the pectoral and pelvic fins unpigmented in ventral view. The new species is distinguished from most Parotocinclus species, by having a small eye, 14.8-19.3 mm HL (except P. maculicauda and P. planicauda) and by the presence of a tuft of hypertrophied odontodes on the supraoccipital (except P. cristatus and P. cesarpintoi). Parotocinclus arandai is further distinguished by having an abdomen extensively naked, with a mosaic of few rounded platelets of irregular size and distributed over the pre-anal region (except P. bahiensis, P. minutus, P. spilosoma, P. cearensis, P. cesarpintoi and P. prata). A detailed comparison with congeners on eastern Brazil hydrographical region is provided, and information on the species habitat is given.
Avaliação da concentração de alfa 1-antitripsina e da presença dos alelos S e Z em uma população de indivíduos sintomáticos respiratórios crônicos
Authors: Serra Heliane Guerra , Bertuzzo Carmen Sílvia , Pereira Mônica Corso , Rossi Cláudio Lúcio , Pinto Júnior Walter , Paschoal Ilma Aparecida
Published: January 2010

OBJETIVO: Determinar a concentração de alfa 1-antitripsina (AAT) e a prevalência dos alelos S e Z em indivíduos sintomáticos respiratórios crônicos. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com tosse crônica e dispnéia foram submetidos à avaliação clínica, espirometria, tomografia computadorizada de tórax, dosagem de AAT por nefelometria e pesquisa das mutações S e Z por reação em cadeia da polimerase. Foram consideradas como variáveis dependentes a concentração de AAT e o tabagismo. RESULTADOS: Dos 89 pacientes incluídos no estudo (44 mulheres; idade média, 51,3 ± 18,2 anos), os alelos S e Z foram detectados em 33,3% e 5,7%, respectivamente, com freqüência gênica dos alelos S e Z de 0,16 e 0,028. Dois pacientes tinham genótipo SZ (AAT < 89 mg/dL). Os pacientes foram divididos em grupos segundo a concentração de AAT: < 89 mg/dL (deficiência, nenhum grupo); 90-140 mg/dL (faixa intermediária, Grupo 1, n = 30); e > 141 mg/dL (normal, Grupo 2, n = 57). A freqüência de fumantes foi igual nos dois grupos, com carga tabágica maior no Grupo 2. O alelo S estava presente em 13 e 14 pacientes dos Grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente, enquanto que o alelo Z estava presente em 2 e 1 paciente dos mesmos grupos. Não houve diferença nos testes de função pulmonar, nem na freqüência de bronquiectasias ou enfisema entre os dois grupos. Os valores espirométricos e as concentrações de AAT foram similares entre fumantes e não-fumantes. Bronquiectasias foram mais freqüentes entre os não fumantes, e enfisema foi mais freqüente entre os fumantes. CONCLUSÕES: Trinta pacientes apresentaram níveis de AAT abaixo da média esperada para os genótipos MM e MS, e este fato não pode ser explicado por uma freqüência maior dos alelos S e Z.
Systemic sclerosis and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: histomorphometric differences in lung biopsies
Authors: Parra Edwin Roger , Otani Leandro Hideki , Carvalho Erika Franco de , Ab'Saber Alexandre , Capelozzi Vera Luiza
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the parenchymal and extracellular matrix remodeling process in two histologic patterns-nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)-in cases of idiopathic and sclerosis/systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated interstitial pneumonia. METHODS: We examined 15 cases of idiopathic NSIP, 10 cases of idiopathic UIP, 5 cases of SSc-UIP and 9 cases of SSc-NSIP. In the lung parenchyma, epithelial cells, endothelial cells and myofibroblasts were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, whereas histochemical staining was used in order to evaluate collagen/elastic fibers in the extracellular matrix. RESULTS: The percentage of surfactant protein A-positive epithelial cells was significantly greater in idiopathic NSIP than in SSc-NSIP, as well as being greater in idiopathic UIP than in SSc-UIP. Idiopathic NSIP and idiopathic UIP presented significantly higher immunoexpression of alpha smooth muscle actin in myofibroblasts than did SSc-NSIP and SSc-UIP. The percentage of CD34 endothelial cells in the pulmonary microvasculature was significant lower in idiopathic UIP than in SSc-UIP. The density of collagen fibers was significantly greater in idiopathic NSIP and idiopathic UIP than in SSc-NSIP and UIP. In contrast, the elastic fiber density was significantly lower in idiopathic UIP than in SSc-UIP. CONCLUSIONS: Increased collagen synthesis, destruction of elastic fibers, high myofibroblast proliferation and poor microvascularization might represent a remodeling process found in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, whereas the reverse might represent a repair process in SSc-associated interstitial pneumonia.
Técnica e compreensão do uso dos dispositivos inalatórios em pacientes com asma ou DPOC
Authors: Souza Maria Luiza de Moraes , Meneghini Andrea Cristina , Ferraz Érica , Vianna Elcio Oliveira , Borges Marcos Carvalho
Published: January 2010

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a compreensão e a técnica de uso dos dispositivos inalatórios prescritos de pacientes com asma ou DPOC atendidos em um hospital-escola terciário. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes foram avaliados na sala de pós-consulta sem que o médico soubesse do estudo. Foi solicitado que o paciente demonstrasse como utiliza a medicação inalatória e, em seguida, esse foi entrevistado sobre a compreensão dos dispositivos inalatórios, controle da doença e orientações recebidas durante as consultas. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 120 voluntários: 60 asmáticos e 60 com DPOC. Todos os asmáticos e 98,3% do grupo DPOC relataram saber utilizar os medicamentos inalatórios. Na amostra como um todo, 113 pacientes (94,2%) cometeram pelo menos um erro ao utilizar o dispositivo inalatório. Os pacientes cometeram mais erros ao utilizar aerossol dosimetrado do que ao utilizar os inaladores de pó seco Aerolizer® (p < 0,001) ou Pulvinal® (p < 0,001), assim como mais erros ao utilizar Aerolizer® do que ao utilizar Pulvinal® (p < 0,05). O grupo DPOC cometeu significativamente mais erros que o grupo asma ao utilizar o aerossol dosimetrado (p = 0,0023), Pulvinal® (p = 0,0065) e Aerolizer® (p = 0,012). CONCLUSÕES: Embora a maioria dos pacientes relatasse saber a técnica adequada de utilização dos dispositivos inalatórios, 94,2% cometeu pelo menos um erro na utilização dos dispositivos, demonstrando técnica insatisfatória e discrepância entre a compreensão e a prática. Portanto, apenas questionar os pacientes sobre o uso dos dispositivos inalatórios não é suficiente. Medidas práticas devem ser tomadas a fim de diminuir os erros e otimizar a terapêutica.
Fatores associados à diferença clinicamente significativa da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde após condicionamento físico em pacientes com DPOC
Authors: Dourado Victor Zuniga , Antunes Letícia Cláudia de Oliveira , Tanni Suzana Erico , Godoy Irma
Published: January 2010

OBJETIVO: Investigar os fatores associados à diferença clinicamente significativa da qualidade de vida (DCSQV) após condicionamento físico em pacientes com DPOC. MÉTODOS: Trinta e cinco pacientes foram submetidos a 12 semanas de condicionamento físico, envolvendo treinamento de força e exercício aeróbio leve. Composição corporal, teste incremental e de endurance em esteira, teste de caminhada de seis minutos, força muscular periférica, PImáx, baseline dyspnea index (BDI) e Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) foram avaliados antes e após o treinamento, e suas alterações (Δ) foram calculadas. A DCSQV foi definida como a redução > 4% no escore total do SGRQ. Os pacientes que responderam ao treinamento, apresentando DCSQV, foram alocados no grupo respondedores (R; n = 24), e os demais pacientes foram alocados no grupo não-respondedores (NR; n = 11). RESULTADOS: Os seguintes resultados foram significativamente maiores no grupo R que no grupo NR (p < 0,05): VEF1 (1,48 ± 0,54 L vs. 1,04 ± 0,34 L), VEF1/CVF (47,9 ± 11,7% vs. 35,5 ± 10,7%), PaO2 (74,1 ± 9,7 mmHg vs. 65,0 ± 8,9mmHg) e ΔBDI [mediana (interquartil); 2,0 (0,0-3,5) vs. 0,0 (0,0-1,0)]. Houve correlação significativa (p < 0,01) de ΔSGRQ-sintomas (r = 0,44), ΔSGRQ-atividade (r = 0,62) e ΔSGRQ-total (r = 0,60) com ΔBDI. Após regressão logística, apenas ΔBDI foi selecionado como determinante da DCSQV. CONCLUSÕES: A DCSQV após o condicionamento físico está associada principalmente à redução da dispneia nos pacientes com DPOC. Portanto, são necessárias estratégias de tratamento visando interromper o ciclo dispneia-sedentarismo-dispneia nesses pacientes.
Surto de aspergilose pulmonar invasiva em enfermaria de transplante de medula óssea: achados tomográficos
Authors: Freitas Daniela Batista de Almeida , Piovesan Ana Cláudia , Szarf Gilberto , Jasinowodolinski Dany , Meirelles Gustavo de Souza Portes
Published: January 2010

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os principais aspectos encontrados na TC de seis pacientes internados em uma enfermaria de transplante de medula óssea, diagnosticados com aspergilose pulmonar invasiva (API) durante um surto intra-hospitalar da doença. MÉTODOS: Foram revisadas 10 TC de tórax de seis pacientes internados na enfermaria de hematologia e transplante de medula óssea do Hospital São Paulo em São Paulo (SP) entre abril de 2007 e outubro de 2007, neutropênicos ou imunossuprimidos, que evoluíram com API. O diagnóstico de API foi comprovado por exames anatomopatológicos (2 casos), cultura (3 casos) ou por resposta terapêutica adequada (1 caso). RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas imagens tomográficas de três homens e três mulheres com idades variando de 22 a 58 anos. Nódulos (5/6 casos) e áreas de consolidação (2/6 casos) foram os achados tomográficos mais comuns. Os nódulos eram mais frequentemente múltiplos (3/5 casos), de contornos irregulares (3/5 casos) e com sinal do halo (3/5 casos). Foram encontradas consolidações múltiplas e de distribuição central em um caso e consolidação isolada e periférica em outro. Áreas de atenuação em vidro fosco e espessamento septal foram achados, respectivamente, em três e dois pacientes. Derrame pleural bilateral ocorreu em três casos. CONCLUSÕES: Consolidação, nódulos, opacidades em vidro fosco, derrame pleural e espessamentos septais foram os principais achados tomográficos dos seis pacientes internados na enfermaria acima citada durante o surto de API. O sinal do halo, classicamente descrito na literatura para esta condição, foi um achado frequente quando associado a nódulos (67%).
Estratégias de litígio de interesse público para o avanço dos direitos humanos em sistemas domésticos de direito
Authors: Jaichand Vinodh
Published: January 2010

O avanço dos direitos humanos requer que os tribunais esclareçam o que entendem por direitos para grupos de pessoas. Quando as normas de direitos humanos internacionais e regionais são internalizadas mediante sua implementação num sistema doméstico, o campo se torna fértil para demandas judiciais de interesse público. Talvez a conclusão seja de que há uma evolução gradual quanto ao desenvolvimento de uma legislação de direitos humanos, do sistema internacional ao regional. O artigo enfoca a prática do litígio de interesse público na África do Sul discutindo, entre outras, questões de acesso a justiça, educação legal clínica e assistência jurídica à população. Como exemplo de estratégia em uma ação pública, o autor analisa o processo movido contra o governo por uma campanha de ação para o tratamento da aids.
Verdade e reconciliação para as " gerações roubadas": revisitando a história da Austrália
Authors: Vijeyarasa Ramona
Published: January 2010

O governo do Estado da Tasmânia e o Senado Federal da Austrália tomaram medidas recentes no sentido de criar um Tribunal de Reparações para os povos Aborígines e Insulares do Estreito de Torres (ATSI). Os ATSI foram separados de suas famílias e comunidades por políticas estatais de remoção forçada do século 20. Este trabalho propõe uma Comissão de Verdade e Reconciliação que incorpore lições internacionais.
Como levar o Supremo Tribunal Federal a sério: sobre a suspensão de tutela antecipada n. 91
Authors: Chueiri Vera Karam de , Sampaio Joanna Maria de Araújo
Published: January 2010

O presente artigo analisa a suspensão da tutela antecipada n. 91 pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, sob a perspectiva da teoria de Ronald Dworkin, relativamente à compreensão da necessária adoção de uma postura crítico-construtiva (política) pelo Poder Judiciário, especialmente pela jurisdição constitucional. Neste sentido, toda decisão proferida pela Corte em favor de um direito fundamental deve prevalecer, desde que fundamentada em argumentos de princípio e que seja coerente com o sistema constitucional. Daí a idéia de que existem respostas certas no direito e que estas são melhores do que as que oferece tanto o convencionalismo jurídico, quanto o pragmatismo jurídico. A questão que se coloca é acerca da legitimidade da Corte, leia-se do Supremo Tribunal Federal, para ter a última palavra sobre as decisões (políticas) do executivo e do legislativo, especialmente em relação às políticas públicas de governo por eles promovidas.
Experimentações entre dança e saúde mental
Authors: Liberato Mariana Tavares Cavalcanti , Dimenstein Magda
Published: January 2010

Nosso objetivo foi discutir a utilização da dança no contexto da Reforma Psiquiátrica a partir da análise de um grupo de expressão corporal de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Para tanto, acompanhamos alguns de seus encontros, realizamos entrevistas com profissionais ligados ao mesmo e participamos de uma reunião da equipe. Vimos que esta experiência pode servir como um dispositivo da Reforma Psiquiátrica, possibilitando novas maneiras de lidar com a diferença, mas pode ser também capturada pela lógica manicomial. Além disso, o grupo serviu como um analisador da organização do serviço e da necessidade de criar formas distintas de cuidado.
Corpocidade: arte enquanto micro-resistência urbana
Authors: Britto Fabiana Dultra , Jacques Paola Berenstein
Published: January 2010

Partimos de uma crítica à atual espetacularização das cidades e propomos a necessidade de restituir o caráter político do espaço público por meio da valorização da experiência corporal das cidades, apresentando a idéia de corpografia como uma possibilidade de micro resistência a esse processo segregador e apolítico. O espaço público, se reconhecido, por excelência, como locus do conflito, inclui agentes e mobiliza agenciamentos muito mais diversos e contraditórios do que se desejaria ou se costuma identificar. Enquanto a arte, se reconhecida como locus da experiência, promove percepções espaço-temporais muito mais complexas do que sugerem os efeitos moralizadores e individualistas normalmente atribuídos à contemplação cenográfica.
Velocity distribution in non-prismatic compound channels
Authors: Bousmar D. , Zech Y.
Published: January 2010

River-flow modelling relies on accurate prediction of the stage–discharge relationship. Additionally, the lateral distribution of the longitudinal velocity component should be estimated for sediment transport investigations. In compound channels, the shear stress at the interface between the floodplains and the main channel strongly affects both conveyance and velocity distribution. This effect is reinforced when mass transfer occurs between subsections due to channel non-prismaticity. The stage–discharge relationship and the velocity distribution in prismatic compound channels can be computed using the lateral distribution method (LDM). The present paper investigates an extension of the LDM to non-prismatic channels. The physical meaning of the so-called secondary-current term is discussed. Numerical results are compared with previous velocity measurements in a symmetrically narrowing compound channel and to new bed shear-stress measurements in the same geometry.
Anaerobic treatment of sulphate-enriched wastewaters
Authors: Freese L. H. , Stuckey D. C.
Published: January 2010

Anaerobic treatment is increasingly being used by industry in preference to aerobic systems to overcome more stringent legislation regarding the discharge of pollutants into the environment. As high-rate anaerobic systems such as the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) gain recognition as effective effluent treatment processes, greater demands are made of the systems. Previous work has shown that the ABR can achieve high carbon removal rates through biomass retention and process stability. However, limited information is available on the treatment of wastewaters containing sulphate in the ABR. As such, the aim of this work was to examine the effects of treating wastewaters with high levels of sulphate in a bench-scale ABR. Experimental work involved the use of an ABR with a 10 litre working volume and eight discrete compartments, run under mesophilic conditions (at 35°C). A baseline feed of 4 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/1 was supplemented with 0·4 g/l sulphate (a COD: sulphate ratio of 10). This allowed the development of biomass in the reactor that was accustomed to sulphate. Once the reactor was operating at a 20 h hydraulic retention time, the sulphate content of the feed was increased stepwise, resulting in a decrease in the COD: sulphate ratio to a minimum level of 1. Microbiological studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of the extreme sulphate loading conditions on the biomass. The ABR was found to perform well at low influent COD: sulphate ratios. In the front of the ABR where sulphate reduction is expected, specific sulphate reduction rates (kg [Formula: see text] volatile suspended solids per day) were significantly higher than the values suggested by the literature. The results of this work showed the structure of the ABR to be well suited to the treatment of wastewaters with low COD: sulphate ratios.
3-D computation of sediment transport at water intakes
Authors: Ruether N. , Singh J. M. , Olsen N. R. B. , Atkinson E.
Published: January 2010

The three-dimensional numerical computational fluid dynamics computer program SSIIM was used to predict the flow field and the sediment transport at the Kapunga water intake in Tanzania. It solved the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations in three dimensions to compute the water flow and used the finite-volume method as the discretisation scheme. The model was based on a three-dimensional, non-orthogonal, structured grid with a non-staggered variable placement. The k–ε model was used to predict the turbulence and the SIMPLE method to compute the pressure. The suspended sediment transport was calculated by solving the convection–diffusion equation with the bed boundary condition provided by an empirical formula for the reference concentration. The results from the numerical model were verified using observed performance ratios at the water intake. These ratios were calculated from the sediment concentrations in the river upstream of the intake and passing into the water intake. The computed performance ratios corresponded well with those derived from field measurements. Sensitivity tests showed that the use of a fine grid in combination with a second-order upstream scheme gave the best results. Varying the bed roughness showed that the results were not unduly sensitive to the method used to determine that parameter. The results from the SSIIM model and the field measurements were also compared to the results of an earlier numerical model study in which the commercial computational fluid dynamics program PHOENICS had been used.
Investigation of flow at a right-angled lateral intake
Authors: Varaki M. E. , Farhoudi J. , Walker D.
Published: January 2010

Based on experimental measurements and observations in a laboratory channel, the hydrodynamic behaviour of the approaching flow and the amount of sediment entering a right-angled lateral intake in a diversion dam were investigated. The velocity field, both upstream of the intake in the main channel and in front of the intake in the sluiceway, were measured under various discharge combinations of the river, intake and sluice gate. In addition, velocity profiles both upstream and downstream of the intake and the amount of sediment entering it were measured. Analysis of the velocity data showed that the discharge of the sluice gate played an important role in determining the velocity profile and also the mechanism of sediment entry. All velocity profiles where the sluice gate was closed had an inflection point, where the flow direction changed, leading to a return velocity near the bed. The elevation of this point was a function of the intake discharge and approximately equal to the height of the entrance sill. Experimental observation showed that sediment entered the intake by a tornado-like vortex. The strength and frequency of the vortices depended on the intake and sluice gate discharges. Analysis of the sedimentation data showed that the amount of sediment entering the intake increased with increasing intake discharge. In addition, an increase in the sluice gate discharge caused an increase of sediment entry to the intake under the same intake discharge.
Cyberinfrastructure for flood mitigation in Taiwan
Authors: Chung T.-L. , Chang W.-Y. , Tsai W.-F. , Lin F.-P. , Strandell E. , Ku L.-C. , Lee J.-G. , Chang J.-Y. , Lee T.-H. , Wu J.-H. , Lin S.-C. , Chen M. , Lee Y.-H. , Chang K.-C. , Wang Y.-F.
Published: January 2010

Densely populated Taiwan is situated in a highly seasonal subtropical region dominated by typhoon-generated hydrology. Flood and induced inundation occur frequently in the typhoon season and subsequently cause severe damage to property and loss of human life. There are significant challenges in effective disaster reduction and timely support for the authorities to mitigate floods and inundation. Recent advances in cyberinfrastructure in Taiwan have made it possible to build a synthetic system that is better suited to meet such challenges. This paper describes a human-centred system that has been deployed with a framework utilising cyberinfrastructure. It uses grid technology to integrate collaboratively inter-institutional resources and disciplines for flood mitigation. The human-centred system designed for this flood mitigation study comprises a real-time communication platform among geographically distributed institutions, a flood-monitoring sensor network system to assess current and historical flood situations and associated data collection, and computing and data grids to support flood forecast research. The method of linking information and data generated and delivered by the system to flood mitigation decision support is also explored. The flood mitigation grid has been fully utilised by the Taiwan Water Resources Agency.
Towards new types of water-centric collaboration
Authors: Quinn P. F. , Hewett C. J. M. , Muste M. , Popescu I.
Published: January 2010

This paper discusses the instigation of a programme intended to create a water-focused upper Mississippi river basin observatory. The observatory would consist of a number of interdisciplinary, multi-institutional teams synergistically collaborating on a series of research sites at different locations within the basin. There is no existing recipe for establishing an observatory, but there is a vast amount of experience and knowledge that can be shared to help establish one. The concept of an observatory process is introduced to encapsulate the long-term, interactive and dynamic nature of what is proposed. Building an observatory should be a collaborative, inclusive and equitable process and could be used to establish a practical problem-solving agenda linking the abundance of research carried out in the upper Mississippi river basin to the needs of mission agencies and stakeholders within the basin. In order to begin the process, a workshop brought together an international team of research scientists and practitioners to discuss how the process could become a reality. Surveys were used to assess the understanding, perceived challenges and aspirations of the participants before and after the workshop, the results of which are presented as a key element of the action research. A draft Amana protocol, based on the outcomes of the workshop discussions, is presented as a possible means of moving the observatory process forward.
Toxicity and recalcitrant compound removal from bleaching pulp plant effluents by an integrated system: anaerobic packed-bed bioreactor and ozone
Authors: Chaparro T. R. , Botta C. M. , Pires E. C.
Published: January 2010

Effluents originated in cellulose pulp manufacturing processes are usually toxic and recalcitrant, specially the bleaching effluents, which exhibit high contents of aromatic compounds (e.g. residual lignin derivates). Although biological processes are normally used, their efficiency for the removal of toxic lignin derivates is low. The toxicity and recalcitrance of a bleached Kraft pulp mill were assessed through bioassays and ultraviolet absorption measurements, i.e. acid soluble lignin (ASL), UV280, and specific ultraviolet absorption (SUVA), before and after treatment by an integrated system comprised of an anaerobic packed-bed bioreactor and oxidation step with ozone. Furthermore, adsorbable organic halides (AOX) were measured. The results demonstrated not only that the toxic recalcitrant compounds can be removed successfully using integrated system, but also the ultraviolet absorption measurements can be an interesting control-parameter in a wastewater treatment.
Occurrence and fate of benzothiazoles and benzotriazoles in constructed wetlands
Authors: Matamoros Víctor , Jover Eric , Bayona Josep M.
Published: January 2010

A suite of benzothiazoles and benzotriazoles was analysed by comprehensive multi-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry in four different wastewater treatment systems. The selected wastewater treatment systems include one conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and for the first time, two constructed wetlands. Although benzothiazole (BT), 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole (MTBT), 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (OHBT) and benzotriazole (BTri) occurred in all the raw wastewater samples, 4- and 5-methylbenzotriazoles (4- and 5-TTri) were only detected in the industrially impacted wastewater. Concentrations of benzothiazoles and benzotriazoles in raw wastewater ranged from 0.2 to 2.2 μg L−1 and from 0.06 to 36.2 μg L−1, respectively. The benzothiazoles removal efficiencies ranged from zero to up to 80% in the conventional WWTP and from 83 to 90% in constructed wetlands. For BTri, removal efficiencies ranged from 65 to 70% and from 89 to 93% in conventional WWTP and constructed wetlands, respectively. The higher performance of CWs in the removal of these compounds might be attributed to the contribution of biodegradation, photodegradation and plant uptake.
Age at Development of Type 1 Diabetes– and Celiac Disease–Associated Antibodies and Clinical Disease in Genetically Susceptible Children Observed From Birth
Authors: Simell Satu , Hoppu Sanna , Simell Tuu , Ståhlberg Marja-Riitta , Viander Markku , Routi Taina , Simell Ville , Veijola Riitta , Ilonen Jorma , Hyöty Heikki , Knip Mikael , Simell Olli
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE

To compare the ages and sequence in which antibodies associated with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease appear and overt diseases develop in children with an HLA-conferred susceptibility to both diseases.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We observed 2,052 children carrying genetic risks for both type 1 diabetes and celiac disease from birth until the median age of 5.7 years and analyzed diabetes- and celiac disease–associated antibodies in serum samples collected at 3- to 12-month intervals. Diabetes was confirmed by World Health Organization criteria and celiac disease by duodenal biopsies.

RESULTS

Altogether 342 children seroconverted to positivity for at least one diabetes-associated autoantibody and 88 to positivity for at least one celiac disease–associated antibody at the median ages of 3.0 and 1.5 years, respectively (P < 0.001). If only children with biochemically defined diabetes-associated autoantibodies against insulin, GAD, or IA-2A protein (n = 146) and children with tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies were compared (n = 86), the median seroconversion ages were 2.5 and 3.0 years (P = 0.011). Fifty-one children progressed to overt diabetes at 4.5 years and 44 children to celiac disease at 4.3 years (P = 0.257). Of the 19 children who developed both diabetes- and celiac disease–associated antibodies, 3 progressed to both diabetes and celiac disease.

CONCLUSIONS

Children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and celiac disease develop celiac disease–associated antibodies mostly at a younger age or the same age at which they develop diabetes-associated autoantibodies. Clinical diabetes and celiac disease are commonly diagnosed at the same median age.
The multi-dimensional q-deformed bosonic Newton oscillator and its inhomogeneous quantum invariance group
Authors: Altıntaş Azmi , Arık Metin , Arıkan Ali
Published: January 2010

We obtain the inhomogeneous invariance quantum group for the multi-dimensional q-deformed bosonic Newton oscillator algebra. The homogenous part of this quantum group is given by the multiparameter quantum group $$
GL_{X;q_{ij} }
$$ of Schirrmacher where q
ij’s take some special values. We find the R-matrix which gives the non-commuting structure of the quantum group for the two dimensional case.
Effectiveness of Bioactive Food Components in Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis
Authors: Hijová Emília , Chmelárová Anna , Bomba Alojz
Published: January 2010

The aim of the present study was the evaluation of possible protective effects of selected bioactive food components in experimental N,N-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis. Wistar albino rats (n = 92) were fed a high fat diet or conventional laboratory diet. Two weeks after the beginning of the trial, DMH injections were given to six groups of rats at the dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. twice weekly. The activity of bacterial enzymes in faeces and serum bile acid concentrations were determined. High fat diet, DMH injections, and their combination significantly increased the activies of β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, and α-glucosidase (p < 0.001) compared to the control group of rats. Treatment with the prebiotic inulin, Hyppocastani extractum siccum and Lini oleum virginale significantly decreased the activity of β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, and α-glucosidase (p < 0.001), as well as the bile acid concentration compared to the group at the highest risk. The protective effects of selected bioactive food components in experimentally induced colon carcinogenesis allow for their possible use in cancer prevention or treatment.
Effect of Biological and Biochemical Silage Additives on Final Nutritive, Hygienic and Fermentation Characteristics of Ensiled High Moisture Crimped Corn
Authors: Bíro Daniel , Gálik Branislav , Juráček Miroslav , Šimko Milan , Straková Eva , Michálková Jaroslava , Gyöngyová Erika
Published: January 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different biological and biochemical additives on the final nutritive quality, fermentation process and concentration of mycotoxins of ensiled high moisture crimped corn. We created four variants for the experiment: control (UC), A1, and A2 (biological stimulators with the active principle of lactic acid bacteria) and variant B (combined additives with the active principle of lactic acid bacteria, benzoate sodium and active enzymatic complex of cellulases). After 6 months of storage in laboratory conditions, we determined in experimental silages the content of dry matter ranging from 608.9 to 613 g kg-1. The significantly lower content of crude fibre was detected in silages with additives. In silages ensiled with additives we detected the highest content of nitrogen-free extract in variant B (834.3 g kg-1 of DM, P < 0.05). A similar effect was determined also in the content of starch; significant differences were detected in variants A1 and B (P < 0.05) compared to the control variant. We detected a significantly (P < 0.05) higher content of total sugars in trial silages; the highest content was in variant A2 (6.1 g kg-1 of DM). In the trial variants we determined significantly the lowest content of acetic acid in variant B (2.82 g kg-1 of DM). In case of butyric acid, whose content in the control variant was 0.22 g kg-1 of DM, we detected the lowest content in variant A1 conserved with homo- and heterofermentative species of lactic acid bacteria. The lowest content of ammonia was determined in silages of variant B (0.074 g kg-1 of DM). We found lower concentrations of DON and FUM (P > 0.05) after the application of biological and biochemical silage additives. In concentration of T-2 toxin we detected a significantly (P < 0.05) lower value in variant A1. In concentration of AFL we found significant differences between variants A1 and B, as well as in concentration of OT between untreated control variant (UC) and variants conserved by additives. Application of silage additives influenced the nutritive and hygienic quality of the conserved fodders.
Joint Preservation Surgery for Correction of Flexible Pes Cavovarus in Adults
Authors: Kroon Maarten , Faber Frank W. M. , van der Linden Marleen
Published: January 2010

Background: Cavovarus foot deformity often results from muscular imbalance. If deformities are still flexible, surgical correction can be aimed primarily at improving muscular balance. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively assessed the outcome of 19 procedures (in 15 patients) to evaluate patient satisfaction. All patients had a flexible deformity. The surgical procedures that were used included soft-tissue releases, tendon transfers and lengthenings, and osteotomies of either the first metatarsal or the calcaneus. The surgical results in terms of pain, function and alignment of the foot were evaluated by means of standardized questionnaire (AOFAS foot score and the Dutch version of the Foot Function Index), patient interview, physical examination and X-ray. The changes in calcaneal pitch and talus-metatarsal I angle were calculated. Results: Overall patient satisfaction was good. The results were very satisfactory in five procedures, satisfactory in ten, moderately satisfactory in two, unsatisfactory in one, and very unsatisfactory in one procedure. The AOFAS hindfoot score was on average 82.5 ± 16. The talus-metatarsal I angle significantly decreased from 22.5 to 17 degrees ( p = 0.002). The anatomical corrections of the foot did not show association with the patients’ clinical characteristics. Conclusion: Our results show that in joint preserving flexible pes cavovarus correction patient satisfaction is generally good. Radiographic alignment of the foot was not significantly associated with patient-based outcome in this small series of patients.

Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Simultaneous Bilateral Total Ankle Replacement Using the S.T.A.R.: A Case Series
Authors: Karantana Alexia , Geoghegan John Martin , Shandil Mayank , Dhar Sunil
Published: January 2010

Level of Evidence: V, Expert Opinion
Nepal-India Power Exchange: A Critical Review
Authors: Mishra Subhash K.
Published: January 2010

Nepal-India power exchange has long been taking place. The effectiveness of the exchange scenario, however, is not very encouraging. The main reason for this is the lack of physical infrastructures and sound power transaction modalities. In this article, Nepal-India power exchange is critically reviewed with regards to the physical infrastructures and in the Nepalese perspectives.Key words: Power exchange; Power pool; Transmission lines; Grids; AC; HVDC; Load shedding; SynchronizationDOI: 10.3126/hn.v5i0.2479Hydro Nepal Vol. 5, July 2009 Page:18-20
Planning and Implementation of Small Hydropower (SHP) Projects
Authors: Singal Sunil K.
Published: January 2010

Small hydropower project is a clean source of power, which India has in abundance. Small hydropower projects are site specific and need careful planning for project formulation and implementation. In this paper an attempt is made to discuss types of small hydropower schemes and present a methodology on planning and implementation of small hydropower projects.Key words: Feasibility; Investigations; Planning; Project Formulation; Small hydropowerDOI: 10.3126/hn.v5i0.2480Hydro Nepal Vol. 5, July 2009 Page:21-25
Odd Hoftun's Perspective on Hydropower Development in Nepal
Authors: Bista Shiva
Published: January 2010

Not availableDOI: 10.3126/hn.v5i0.2490Hydro Nepal Vol. 5, July 2009 Page:50
Artificial Neural Network Delay Model for Traffic Assignment Incorporating Intersection Delay Costs
Authors: Ding Zhen , Zhao Fang , Wu Yongqiang
Published: January 2010

Transportation planning models do not usually consider intersection delays explicitly in calculating path travel times. However, because intersection delays often make up a considerable portion of total travel time in urban areas, ignoring them will result in inaccuracy in model results. Incorporating intersection delays into a traffic assignment model presents several challenges. One is that future signal timing plans are unknown, and another is that introducing intersection delays into traffic assignment renders the necessary condition for convergence invalid. This paper proposes a pragmatic approach to considering intersection delays in traffic assignment by assuming that signal timing plans will be optimized for given traffic conditions and by demonstrating that a convergent solution can be obtained when intersection delays are explicitly accounted for. A large data set of traffic volume combinations representing the operation of an intersection and the corresponding intersection delays based on optimized signal timing are obtained from TRANSYT-7F. This data set is used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) model that provides delay estimates for given traffic conditions for certain types of intersection configurations. An iterative process of traffic assignment and delay estimation is carried out to obtain a stable assignment solution. The delay estimates from the ANN delay model are evaluated by the percentage root mean squared errors, which are less than 25.6%, with larger prediction errors typically associated with severely oversaturated conditions. An example is presented to show the use of the delay model in traffic assignment. The delay model allows the concurrent optimization of signal controls and traffic routing to obtain a local optimum network solution.
Animal Ethics and the Argument from Absurdity
Authors: Aaltola Elisa
Published: January 2010

Arguments for the inherent value, equality of interests, or rights of non-human animals have presented a strong challenge for the anthropocentric worldview. However, they have been met with criticism. One form of criticism maintains that, regardless of their theoretical consistency, these ‘pro-animal arguments’ cannot be accepted due to their absurdity. Often, particularly inter-species interest conflicts are brought to the fore: if pro-animal arguments were followed, we could not solve interest conflicts between species, which is absurd. Because of this absurdity, the arguments need to be abandoned. The paper analyses the strength, background and relevance of this ‘argument from absurdity'. It is claimed that in all of the three areas mentioned above, the argument faces severe difficulties.
Histopathological diagnosis of surgical speciments in a Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka
Authors: Rahman Md Tahminur , Shirin Sonia , Sarnali Tanjila Tahmin , Mumu Mahbuba Ashrafi
Published: January 2010

Key words: Surgically resected specimen; histopathological diagnosis and its importanceDOI: 10.3329/bjpath.v24i2.4111Bangladesh J Pathol 24(2): 8-10
A single pathological grading system for breast carcinoma should be adopted in Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Tuhin , Chowdhury Abdul Allam , Rahman Quddusur , Ahmed AN Nashimuddin , Rahman AJE Nahar
Published: January 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjpath.v24i2.4112Bangladesh J Pathol 24(2): 11-14
Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution by Sorption on used Tea Leaves
Authors: Islam Tajmeri SA , Begum Hosne Ara , Hossain Mohammad Abul , Rahman Mohammad Tanvir
Published: January 2010

Batch sorption study was performed using used black tea leaves (UBTL) as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of lead (II) from aqueous solutions. Experiments were conducted as a function of contact time, initial metal ion concentration, solution pH and temperature. The sorption of Pb(II) on used tea leaves increases with increase of initial pH of solution upto a certain limit which corresponds to the pH nearly 5. The sorption isotherms follow Langmuir equation better than Freundlich equation. Again the Langmuir equation is more applicable at higher temperatures compared to those at low temperature at all pH. The monolayer sorption capacity decreases with increase in processing temperature but the overall sorbed amount increased with the increase in temperature at all pH. The positive value of estimated heat of sorption suggests the activated sorption. A probable mechanism of the sorption of Pb(II) on used tea leaves was proposed based on the surface charge of used tea leaves and the change of charge of Pb(II) with the pH of solution. DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v33i2.4100 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 2, 167-178, 2009
The Sickness Response: An Adaptive Brain–Body Reaction to Medical Illness
Authors: Viamontes Claudia Troesch
Published: January 2010

In general, sickness behavior tends to be adaptive. It limits activity, motivates rest, and temporarily suppresses appetite and libido, allowing the body to focus its resources on fighting illness. In certain cases, especially those that involve autoimmune disorders, medication side effects, or chronic disease, sickness behavior can be maladaptive, because it promotes gradual disengagement from the physical and social environment with dysphoria and anhedonia, induces sleep disturbances, limits motivation and productivity, and decreases quality of life (see Figure <a href="EditorPage.aspx?da=core&id=%7bA932AC25-CB6C-41F0-887A-1F74731AC343%7d&ed=FIELD17595849&vs&la=en&fld=%7b0B37FA8E-B2A6-4AE9-8E4F-53651D5CB226%7d&so=%2fsitecore%2fsystem%2fsettings%2fhtml+editor+profiles%2frich+text+healio&di=0&hdl=H17595923&us=sitecore%5cadmin&mo&pe=0#x00485718-20091124-04-fig2">2, page 986). Under extreme circumstances, sickness behavior can be complicated by cognitive impairment and may evolve into major depressive disorder (MDD).<a href="EditorPage.aspx?da=core&id=%7bA932AC25-CB6C-41F0-887A-1F74731AC343%7d&ed=FIELD17595849&vs&la=en&fld=%7b0B37FA8E-B2A6-4AE9-8E4F-53651D5CB226%7d&so=%2fsitecore%2fsystem%2fsettings%2fhtml+editor+profiles%2frich+text+healio&di=0&hdl=H17595923&us=sitecore%5cadmin&mo&pe=0#x00485718-20091124-04-bibr1">1 This article reviews the mechanisms that underlie the subjective and objective aspects of the sickness response. These mechanisms are remarkable because they bring to consciousness a series of events that are occurring at cellular and molecular levels as the immune system addresses an infection. Sickness phenomena even make it possible for the conscious mind to know whether infection-fighting is progressing successfully or not by determining “how sick” one feels. An understanding of this phenomenon, whose brain-body origin emphasizes the inseparability of psychiatry and medicine, can be invaluable for helping patients with chronic illness to manage the incapacitating complications of prolonged or exaggerated sickness reactions.