bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating challenges in radiography research: radiographers’ perspectives in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrehily Faisal A. , Alsharif Walaa , Aloufi Yasser , Alsaedi Ammar , Aljohani Marwan , Alotaibi Reem S. , Alshammari Hamed , Alshamrani Abdullah Fahad A. , Alhazmi Fahad H. , Qurashi Abdulaziz
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Radiography is a crucial healthcare specialty that requires ongoing research to advance imaging technologies and techniques. Despite this, radiographers are faced with obstacles such as time constraints, lack of resources, and the need for training on new technologies, which can discourage their research involvement. This study aims to provide a more representative understanding of the radiography research culture in Saudi Arabia, building upon previous studies.

Methods

Following the approval of an ethics committee at Taibah University (2024/173/302 DRD), a cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to March 2024 among registered radiographers in Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was distributed via social media platforms using a snowball sampling strategy to reach a diverse group of radiographers across different regions and institutions. Participants provided informed consent before completing the questionnaire. The questionnaire, originally in English, was translated into Arabic and validated by two bilingual academics. It included sections on demographics, previous research experience, barriers to research involvement, factors encouraging research engagement, and self-assessment of research competencies. Descriptive statistics and Cronbach’s alpha were used to analyze the data.

Results

A total of 105 radiographers participated in the study, with 41% having prior research involvement. Among those engaged, the most common activity was data collection (65%), followed by preparation of scientific articles (49%). Challenges such as the lack of a research-focused culture (48%), insufficient awareness of opportunities (36%), and time constraints (34%) were prominent barriers to research participation. Encouraging factors included the need for research training (63%), support from research groups (51%), and allocated research time (50%). Respondents assessed their research skills, with confidence varied across skills, with 50% feeling capable of initiating research and 51% of participating, yet a significant proportion expressed uncertainties, especially in statistical knowledge and research methodology.

Conclusion

Most of the surveyed radiographers did not engage in research. However, there is a substantial interest in enhancing research involvement, with training, collaborative groups, and organizational support identified as key factors encouraging participation. The findings suggest that addressing these barriers can foster a more robust research culture, leading to improved diagnostic practices.
Role of Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition in Utero-cervical Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Alok , Singh Jasbir , Awasthi Priya , Sharma Ajay Shanker
Published: September 2024

ntroduction: During the Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process, cells undergo a transformation in which they lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal traits. This phenomenon was observed during the metastatic stage of neoplastic disorders, such as cervical cancer. Certain indicators are present during EMT. Aim: To evaluate the role of EMT in utero-cervical carcinoma by analysing the expressions of E-cadherin and vimentin in histopathologically confirmed cases. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of two years, from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2014, at the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care centre and referral hospital. A total of 50 histopathologically confirmed cases of utero-cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) were included in this study. These case were analysed focusing on variables such as age, age at marriage, parity, family history, and hormonal intake. Tumour stages and grades were assessed alongside E-cadherin and vimentin expressions using Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results were statistically analysed, and the database was created in MS Excel (Version 2007) and analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics software version 20.0, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: Most cases occurred in the seventh decade of life (42%, 21/50). Out of the 50 tumours studied, 7 (14%) had a positive history of cervical carcinoma, and 6 (12%) had a positive history of hormonal intake. The cervical tumour stages and grades showed statistical significance in relation to family history (p-value=0.001, p-value=0.007) and hormonal intake (p-value<0.001), strongly indicating evidence against the null hypothesis. A total of 4 (8%) cases showed positive lymph node involvement, all of which were in stage 3; among these, 3 (75%) were in grade 3 and 1 (25%) was in grade 2. E-cadherin expression was higher in lower grade and lower stage tumours, while vimentin expression was higher in higher grade and higher stage tumours, as well as in all four lymph node-positive cases. Therefore, the downregulation of E-cadherin and the upregulation of vimentin expression signify EMT. Conclusion: The study concludes that E-cadherin and vimentin play crucial roles in EMT in cervical tumours. E-cadherin was more prevalent in lower grade and stage tumours, while vimentin was more common in higher grade and stage tumours, as well as in all lymph node-positive cases. Cervical tumour stages and grades were significantly associated with family history and hormonal intake. Despite contradictory findings in clinical trials, EMT markers like E-cadherin and vimentin will remain important in future research on cervical carcinoma.
Enhancing Global Food Security through Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gul Shahid , Shafiq Uzair , Mir Shakir Ahmad , Iqbal Gowhar , Lone Haziq Qayoom
Published: September 2024

As the global population rises, addressing food security becomes more critical, particularly in developing regions struggling with hunger and malnutrition. Fisheries and aquaculture provide a vital solution by offering essential nutrition, employment, and economic benefits to millions worldwide. This study conducts an in-depth review of how capture fisheries and aquaculture contribute to global food security, emphasizing ten key areas: sustainable fisheries management, aquaculture growth, nutritional advantages, economic empowerment, climate adaptability, post-harvest loss reduction, policy and governance, technological advancements, biodiversity preservation, and global market access. The review evaluates the strength and consistency of evidence regarding the positive impact of these sectors on food security and poverty alleviation. The findings highlight the importance of cohesive policy and governance, technological improvements, and broader market access to fully leverage the role of fisheries and aquaculture in addressing global food challenges. Additionally, this review identifies research gaps that need to be addressed to maximize the sectors' potential for economic growth and environmental sustainability
Evaluation of the Merdeka Belajar Campus Merdeka Program (Student Exchange) Using the CIPP Model at Muhammadiyah University Sinjai
Authors: Nurhasanah  , Usman Syahruddin , Saprin  , Muhaimin
Published: September 2024

The Merdeka Belajar Campus Merdeka (MBKM) policy introduces a new paradigm in education, particularly in higher education, and is considered relevant and appropriate for implementation in this democratic era. However, its implementation still requires evaluation, especially at Muhammadiyah University Sinjai.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the Merdeka Belajar Campus Merdeka program using the CIPP Model (Context, Input, Process, and Product).
Location and Duration of Study: Muhammadiyah University, Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi, during the 2020-2022 academic year.
Methodology: This research uses the CIPP Evaluation Model with a qualitative approach to deeply understand the experiences of students and stakeholders related to the implementation of the MBKM program at Muhammadiyah University Sinjai.
Results:
Context: The evaluation of this stage shows the existence of policies related to the implementation of the MBKM program, which includes the curriculum and MBKM guidelines.
Input: Availability of facilities such as platforms, websites, adequate rooms, and budget allocation related to the implementation of the MBKM program.
Process: The presence of interactive and participatory teaching methods, as well as adequate academic support, provides a more meaningful learning experience for students. Additionally, the program encourages collaboration among students and community empowerment within the campus environment.
Product: It was found that students participating in the MBKM program produced documentation in the form of accountability reports for each implemented program and also book chapters.
Conclusion: The evaluation of the Merdeka Belajar Campus Merdeka program using the CIPP model indicates that the program is being implemented as evidenced by the enactment of the curriculum, the availability of guidelines, facilities, and budget. Overall, this study concludes that the evaluation demonstrates the successful implementation of the MBKM program, as evidenced by the execution of one of its activities, namely the student exchange program.
Evaluation of Recovery Rate in Poison Patients with or Without Standard Antidote Treatment
Authors: G Ramya Balaprabha , B Deepika , Matpathi Aparna , Nakka Keerthi Reddy , Sammeta Chaitrasree , Tadikonda Rama Rao
Published: September 2024

Aim: To evaluate the recovery rate of poisoning with regards to the availability and administration of standard antidote.
Introduction: Poison consumption is one of the most common causes of death across the world. The reason is its easy availability and impulsive behaviour associated with suicidal thoughts. Antidotes are the agents which counteract the harmful effects of poison. Poisoning can be treated with antidotes but not all poisons have antidotes, this study helps to analyze the effectiveness of antidotes in early recovery from poisoning accompanied by stabilization techniques implemented.
Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted in the inpatient department of General Medicine, Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad from October 2021 to March 2022.
Results: Poison consumption was more predominant among males, and young adults are the most affected age group. Suicide was identified as the primary reason for poison intake, while accidental poison ingestion was mostly seen in children. Pesticides were the most commonly consumed poisons. The antidote was administered in approximately 33% of cases, while it was not provided in 15%. For the remaining cases, an antidote was not available. The overall recovery rate was 77%, with females showing higher recovery rates than males. Adolescents had the highest recovery rate, followed by middle-aged adults.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that the recovery was rapid in cases where a standard antidote was available and administered. Performing decontamination techniques within a few hours of poison consumption was also efficient.
Advancements in Lentil Genomics for Enhanced Crop Breeding: A Review
Authors: Kesari Ravi , Roy Chandan , Nahakpam Sareeta , Gupta Debjyoti Sen , Kumar Mankesh , Sinha Sweta , Kumar Tribhuwan
Published: September 2024

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an essential pulse crop that is widely grown for its high nutritional value, notably its high protein content, making it an important dietary component for vegetarians and vegans. Despite being the world's fifth most produced pulse, with large contributions from Canada and India, lentil production confronts obstacles such as poor productivity due to limited genetic improvement against biotic and abiotic stresses under rainfed cultivation conditions. Recent advances in lentil genetics and genomics, such as the discovery of genes related to yield, disease resistance, and nutritional content, have boosted breeding efforts to generate improved lentil varieties. The use of contemporary genomic techniques like molecular markers, marker-assisted selection (MAS), genomic selection (GS), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has sped up the discovery of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the production of novel cultivars with superior agronomic characteristics. Databases such as NCBI and ENA, as well as specialized resources like KnowPulse, provide critical genomic data, while the creation of lentil genome assemblies, notably the CDC Redberry variety, has improved our understanding of lentil genetics. These resources help to solve the constraints of traditional breeding, particularly for complex characteristics impacted by genotype-environment interactions, opening the way for more robust and productive lentil varieties. Although the application of advanced tools such as genetic engineering, cisgenesis, and genome editing has moved more slowly in lentils than in other crops, their potential to improve lentil output is encouraging. Recent studies on lentil genomes, together with the creation of increased genetic resources and cutting-edge techniques, offer the ability to overcome production constraints and dramatically increase lentil production and quality throughout the world.
Design and Implementation of an IOT Based Cooking Gas Gauging System Using STM32F411CEU6 Microcontroller
Authors: Ekah U. J. , Ozuomba Simeon , Ekott Etinamabasiyaka
Published: September 2024

In Nigeria, many Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) users face two common issues due to their inability to gauge the gas level in cooking cylinders. First, they often get defrauded by either LPG vendors or their assistants, leading to the purchase of less gas than paid for. Second, they experience the inconvenience of running out of gas while cooking, especially during odd hours. To address these problems, this paper introduces an LPG gauging system utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Key components of the system include load cells for weight sensing, an HX711 amplifier, and an STM32F411CEU6 microcontroller (MCU) that acts as the central processor of the device. When the load cell detects weight, it sends a signal to the HX711 amplifier, which amplifies the signal, converts it to digital form and then forward it to the MCU for processing. The MCU then triggers the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), showing the LPG level from the time of purchase until it is depleted. Users can also set a refill reminder to be triggered via SMS and calls when the gas reaches a preset level. Additionally, a custom mobile app has been developed for remote monitoring and control of the LPG cylinder. The system is powered by a battery, a 5V power pack, and an 18W solar panel. Implementing this system will prevent LPG users from being defrauded and will help in avoiding the inconvenience of running out of gas while cooking.
Sea ice drift and deformation in the coastal boundary zone
Authors: Oikkonen Annu , Haapala Jari , Lensu Mikko , Karvonen Juha
Published: September 2016

Small‐scale sea ice deformation was studied in the coastal boundary zone (CBZ). Sequences of coastal radar images from the northern Baltic Sea (13 February to 13 May 2011) were used and trajectories of identifiable objects calculated. Average drift velocities in CBZ are small (<0.01 m/s), and events of high drift speeds are short and local. Deformations follow power law scaling but with an exponent of greater magnitude than in the Arctic. We discovered a connection between air temperature and sea ice deformation on a short time scale. During warm days, the mean deformation rate was significantly higher in all length scales than during cold days. This cannot be explained by changes in ice thickness or concentration, which suggests that the ice pack strength responds to air temperature faster than previously assumed. However, we cannot quantify how much this response is enhanced by lower ice thickness compared to the Arctic.
Are long tide gauge records in the wrong place to measure global mean sea level rise?
Authors: Thompson P. R. , Hamlington B. D. , Landerer F. W. , Adhikari S.
Published: September 2016

Ocean dynamics, land motion, and changes in Earth's gravitational and rotational fields cause local sea level change to deviate from the rate of global mean sea level rise. Here we use observations and simulations of spatial structure in sea level change to estimate the likelihood that these processes cause sea level trends in the longest and highest‐quality tide gauge records to be systematically biased relative to the true global mean rate. The analyzed records have an average twentieth century rate of approximately 1.6 mm/yr, but based on the locations of these gauges, we show that the simple average underestimates the twentieth century global mean rate by 0.1 ± 0.2 mm/yr. Given the distribution of potential sampling biases, we find that <1% probability that observed trends from the longest and highest‐quality tide gauge records are consistent with global mean rates less than 1.4 mm/yr.
Comment on “The night when the auroral and equatorial ionospheres converged” by Martinis, C., J. Baumgardner, M. Mendillo, J. Wroten, A. Coster, and L. Paxton
Authors: Kil Hyosub , Miller Ethan S. , Jee Geonhwa , Kwak Young‐Sil , Zhang Yongliang , Nishioka Michi
Published: September 2016

Intense OI 630.0 nm emission depletions were detected over Mexico by an all‐sky imager during the main phase of the geomagnetic storm on 1 June 2013 (minimum Dst index: −119 nT). Those emission depletions were interpreted to be associated with equatorial plasma bubbles. If bubbles were responsible for those middle‐latitude emission depletions, they would have been extreme bubbles which extended over 40° magnetic latitudes and 7000 km in altitude at the magnetic equator. However, a few factors challenge this interpretation. First, the emission depletions detected over Mexico showed westward drift, whereas the equatorial ionosphere including bubbles drifted eastward on that night. Second, the middle‐latitude emission depletions were tilted westward with respect to the geographic meridian, but the westward tilt of bubbles was not identified. Third, the growth of bubbles was not evident when the middle‐latitude emission depletions grew. The westward tilt and westward propagation of the middle‐latitude emission depletions are consistent with the characteristics of medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) observed over the United States on that night. Thus, the emission depletions over Mexico can be interpreted to be the signature of MSTIDs.
Linking speleothem and soil magnetism in the Pau d'Alho cave (central South America)
Authors: Jaqueto Plinio , Trindade Ricardo I. F. , Hartmann Gelvam A. , Novello Valdir F. , Cruz Francisco W. , Karmann Ivo , Strauss Becky E. , Feinberg Joshua M.
Published: September 2016

Mineral magnetism of Pau d'Alho cave sediments, soils outside the cave, and in the stalagmite #6 (ALHO6) in Midwest Brazil is presented. This high growth‐rate speleothem (~168 mm/ka) encompasses the past 1355 years. Oxygen and carbon isotope data from the same stalagmite allow for a direct comparison of the magnetic signal with changes in paleoprecipitation and soil dynamics at the surface. Magnetic experiments include isothermal remanent magnetization, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, hysteresis loops, first‐order reversal curves, and low‐temperature superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The main magnetic remanence carriers in ALHO6 are magnetite and goethite, with a nearly constant relative proportion. Remanent coercivities of magnetite in all our samples are within 14–17 mT for an average grain‐size of ~1–2 µm, in the range of pedogenic magnetite, thus suggesting the detrital grains deposited in the stalagmite were produced in the soil above the cave. Magnetic remanence variations follow δ13C and δ18O data, suggesting a climatic control on the input of magnetic minerals into the Pau d'Alho cave system. The concentration of magnetic minerals in the stalagmite is governed by soil erosion above the cave, which by its turn is controlled by soil erosion and vegetation cover. Dry periods are associated with less stable soils and result in higher mineral fluxes carried into karst systems. Conversely, wetter periods are associated with soils topped by denser vegetation that retains micrometer‐scale pedogenic minerals and thus reduces detrital fluxes into the cave.
Estimating daily air temperatures over the Tibetan Plateau by dynamically integrating MODIS LST data
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Fan , Ye Ming , Che Tao , Zhang Guoqing
Published: September 2016

Recently, remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) data have been used to estimate air temperatures because of the sparseness of station measurements in remote mountainous areas. Due to the availability and accuracy of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST data, the use of a single term or a fixed combination of terms (e.g., Terra/Aqua night and Terra/Aqua day), as used in previous estimation methods, provides only limited practical application. Furthermore, the estimation accuracy may be affected by different combinations and variable data quality among the MODIS LST terms and models. This study presents a method that dynamically integrates the available LST terms to estimate the daily mean air temperature and simultaneously considers model selection, data quality, and estimation accuracy. The results indicate that the differences in model performance are related to the combinations of LST terms and their data quality. The spatially averaged cloud cover of ~14% for the developed product between 2003 and 2010 is much lower than the 35–54% for single LST terms. The average cross‐validation root‐mean‐square difference values are approximately 2°C. This study identifies the best LST combinations and statistical models and provides an efficient method for daily air temperature estimation with low cloud blockage over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The developed data set and the method proposed in this study can help alleviate the problem of sparse air temperature data over the TP.
Assessing the radiative impacts of precipitating clouds on winter surface air temperatures and land surface properties in general circulation models using observations
Authors: Li J.‐L. F. , Lee Wei‐Liang , Wang Yi‐Hui , Richardson Mark , Yu Jia‐Yuh , Suhas E. , Fetzer Eric , Lo Min‐Hui , Yue Qing
Published: September 2016

Using CloudSat‐CALIPSO ice water, cloud fraction, and radiation; Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) radiation; and long‐term station‐measured surface air temperature (SAT), we identified a substantial underestimation of the total ice water path, total cloud fraction, land surface radiative flux, land surface temperature (LST), and SAT during Northern Hemisphere winter in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. We perform sensitivity experiments with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) in fully coupled modes to identify processes driving these biases. We found that biases in land surface properties are associated with the exclusion of downwelling longwave heating from precipitating ice during Northern Hemisphere winter. The land surface temperature biases introduced by the exclusion of precipitating ice radiative effects in CESM1 and CMIP5 both spatially correlate with winter biases over Eurasia and North America. The underestimated precipitating ice radiative effect leads to colder LST, associated surface energy‐budget adjustments, and cooler SAT. This bias also shifts regional soil moisture state from liquid to frozen, increases snow cover, and depresses evapotranspiration (ET) and total leaf area index in Northern Hemisphere winter. The inclusion of the precipitating ice radiative effects largely reduces the model biases of surface radiative fluxes (more than 15 W m−2), SAT (up to 2–4 K), and snow cover and ET (25–30%), compared with those without snow‐radiative effects.
The rarity of terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes: 2. RHESSI stacking analysis
Authors: Smith D. M. , Buzbee P. , Kelley N. A. , Infanger A. , Holzworth R. H. , Dwyer J. R.
Published: September 2016

We searched for gamma‐ray emission from lightning using the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) satellite by identifying times when RHESSI was near over 2 million lightning discharges localized by the Worldwide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). We then stacked together the gamma‐ray arrival times relative to the sferic times, correcting for light propagation time to the satellite. The resulting stacked gamma‐ray time profile is sensitive to an average level of gamma‐ray emission per lightning discharge far lower than what can be recognized above background for a single terrestrial gamma‐ray flash (TGF). The summed signal from presumed small, previously unknown TGFs simultaneous with WWLLN discharges is remarkably weak: for the region from 0 to 300 km beneath RHESSI's footprint, (6.2 ± 3.8) × 10−3 detector counts/discharge are measured, as opposed to a typical range of 12–50 detector counts for TGFs identified solely from the gamma‐ray signal. Under the assumption of a broken power law differential distribution of TGF intensities, we find that the index must harden dramatically or cut off just below the sensitivity limit of current satellites and that for most scenarios less than 1% of lightning can produce a TGF that belongs anywhere in the same distribution as those that are observable. For the minority of scenarios where more than a few percent of flashes produce a TGF, most of these “TGFs” are less than 10−4 of the luminosity of the faintest RHESSI TGFs and therefore closer to the luminosity of lightning stepped leaders. The rarity of TGFs holds not only for TGFs simultaneous with the sferic observed by WWLLN but also for any time within 10 ms of the sferic, allowing (for example) for the possibility that different events within the upward propagation of a negative leader in positive intracloud lightning triggered the TGF and WWLLN's detection.
Climatology of the middle atmosphere in LMDz: Impact of source‐related parameterizations of gravity wave drag
Authors: de la Cámara A. , Lott F. , Abalos M.
Published: September 2016

Gravity wave (GW) parameterizations control the mean state and variability of the middle atmosphere in present‐day climate models. The most recent parameterizations relate the GWs to their nonorographic sources (fronts and convection), which impacts the annual cycle of the GW drag, and makes the GWs respond to the changing climate. These issues are addressed using the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Zoom (LMDz) climate model, showing first a climatology of the middle atmosphere in the presence of nonorographic GW sources. The model performance is comparable with that documented in earlier model versions, illustrating that there are no major difficulties in including nonorographic GW sources in models. A twin experiment where the parameterization of GWs has no link with the nonorographic sources is also performed. Provided that in the twin experiment the launched GW stress is very intermittent, its climatology compares reasonably well with the experiment with sources. This illustrates that GW intermittency is a key factor in GW dynamics, but also that the dynamical filtering of the waves by the background flow strongly modulates the significance of the sources. Some impacts of having GW sources on the annual cycle of the zonal mean circulation of the middle atmosphere are nevertheless evident. In a changing climate, the impact of introducing GW sources also seems to be substantially mitigated by the dynamical filtering. The experiments and diagnostics are nevertheless limited in time and to the averaged climatology, respectively, calling for longer tests to measure the impacts on the atmospheric low frequency variability.
Karyotype plus NPM1 mutation status defines a group of elderly patients with AML (≥60 years) who benefit from intensive post‐induction consolidation therapy
Authors: Sperr Wolfgang R. , Zach Otto , Pöll Iris , Herndlhofer Susanne , Knoebl Paul , Weltermann Ansgar , Streubel Berthold , Jaeger Ulrich , Kundi Michael , Valent Peter
Published: September 2016

Although it is generally appreciated that a subset of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may benefit from intensive consolidation, little is known about variables predicting such benefit. We analyzed 192 consecutive patients with de novo AML aged ≥60 years who were treated with intensive chemotherapy. About 115 patients (60%) achieved complete hematologic remission (CR). Among several parameters, the karyotype was the only independent variable predicting CR (P < 0.05). About 92% (105/115) of the CR‐patients received up to four consolidation cycles of intermediate dose ARA‐C. Median continuous CR (CCR) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were 1.3 and 1.1 years, respectively. CCR, DFS, and survival at 5 years were 23%, 18%, and 15%, respectively. Only karyotype and mutated NPM1 (NPM1mut) were independent predictors of survival. NPM1mut showed a particular prognostic impact in patients with normal (CN) or non‐monosomal (Mkneg) karyotype by Haemato‐Oncology Foundation for Adults in the Netherlands (HOVON)‐criteria, or intermediate karyotype by Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG)‐criteria. The median CCR was 0.94, 1.6, 0.9, and 0.5 years for core‐binding‐factor, CN/Mkneg‐NPM1mut, CN/Mkneg‐NPM1‐wild‐type AML, and AML with monosomal karyotype, respectively, and the 5‐year survival was 25%, 39%, 2%, and 0%, respectively (P < 0.05). Similar results (0.9, 1.5, 0.9, and 0.5 years) were obtained using modified SWOG criteria and NPM1 mutation status (P < 0.05). In summary, elderly patients with CN/Mkneg‐NPM1mut or CBF AML can achieve long term CCR when treated with intensive induction and consolidation therapy whereas most elderly patients with CN/Mkneg‐NPM1wt or Mkpos AML may not benefit from intensive chemotherapy. For these patients either hematopoietic‐stem‐cell‐transplantation or alternative treatments have to be considered. Am. J. Hematol. 91:1239–1245, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A tumor profile in Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
Authors: Satgé Daniel , Nishi Motoi , Sirvent Nicolas , Vekemans Michel
Published: September 2016

Constitutional trisomy 18 causes Edwards syndrome, which is characterized by intellectual disability and a particular set of malformations. Although this condition carries high mortality during prenatal and early postnatal life, some of the rare infants who survive the first months develop benign and malignant tumors. To determine the tumor profile associated with Edwards syndrome, we performed a systematic review of the literature. This review reveals a tumor profile differing from those of Down (trisomy 21) and Patau (trisomy 13) syndromes. The literature covers 45 malignancies: 29 were liver cancers, mainly hepatoblastomas found in Japanese females; 13 were kidney tumors, predominantly nephroblastomas; 1 was neuroblastoma; 1 was a Hodgkin disease; and 1 was acute myeloid leukemia in an infant with both trisomy 18 and type 1 neurofibromatosis. No instances of the most frequent malignancies of early life—cerebral tumors, germ cell tumors, or leukemia­—are reported in children with pure trisomy 18. Tumor occurrence does not appear to correlate with body weight, tissue growth, or cancer genes mapping to chromosome 18. Importantly, the most recent clinical histories report successful treatment; this raises ethical concerns about cancer treatment in infants with Edwards syndrome. In conclusion, knowledge of the Edwards’ syndrome tumor profile will enable better clinical surveillance in at‐risk organs (i.e., liver, kidney). This knowledge also provides clues to understanding oncogenesis, including the probably reduced frequency of some neoplasms in infants and children with this genetic condition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prenatal androgen exposure and parental care interact to influence timing of reproductive maturation in marmosets
Authors: Huffman Michelle C. , Santo Jonathan B. , French Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2016

The timing of reproductive maturation is susceptible to hormonal and environmental influences, and variation in this timing can be partially attributed to the prenatal and post‐natal environment. We examined associations between prenatal steroid exposure and the post‐natal family environment on the variability in reproductive maturation timing in young marmosets (Callithrix geoffroyi). Urine samples from pregnant females were analyzed for cortisol (CORT) and androgens (uA). Post‐natal uA was measured in males to determine age (in days) of adult‐like levels of androgens associated with spermatogenesis; post‐natal pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) was measured in females to determine age (in days) of first ovulation. Maternal, paternal, alloparental, and total care (carrying, grooming, and rejection/removals) of offspring were observed. Female offspring exposed to lower prenatal uA levels and higher paternal grooming and lower maternal rejection/removals showed later first ovulation, whereas female offspring exposed to higher prenatal uA showed earlier first ovulation. Male offspring showed earlier reproductive maturation as paternal grooming increased, regardless of first trimester uA exposure. Male offspring exposed to low prenatal uA levels showed earlier reproductive maturation as maternal rejections/removals increased. In offspring exposed to low prenatal CORT, high total carrying predicted earlier first ovulation in females, but later reproductive maturation in males. Total carrying duration did not affect timing of reproductive maturation in offspring exposed to high third trimester CORT levels. Our findings expand the evolutionary theory of socialization by demonstrating that the effect of post‐natal family environment on timing of reproductive maturation depends on prenatal uA exposure and also influences reproductive maturation timing in male offspring.
Electrophilic Activation of Silicon–Hydrogen Bonds in Catalytic Hydrosilations
Authors: Lipke Mark C. , Liberman‐Martin Allegra L. , Tilley T. Don
Published: September 2016

Hydrosilation reactions represent an important class of chemical transformations and there has been considerable recent interest in expanding the scope of these reactions by developing new catalysts. A major theme to emerge from these investigations is the development of catalysts with electrophilic character that transfer electrophilicity to silicon by Si‐H activation. This type of mechanism has been proposed for catalysts ranging from Group 4 transition metals to Group 15 main group species. Additionally, other electrophilic silicon species, such as silylene complexes and η3‐H2SiRR′ complexes, have been identified as intermediates in hydrosilation reactions. In this Review, different types of catalysts are compared to highlight the range of hydrosilation mechanisms that feature electrophilic silicon centers. The importance of these catalysts to the development of new hydrosilation reactions is also discussed.
Dichotomizing the Oxygen Electrocatalytic Properties of Doped Carbon Catalysts in Acid through a Salt‐Activated Synthesis
Authors: Yang Shiliu , Zhan Yi , Yang Liuqing , Lee Jim Yang
Published: September 2016

The dearth of acidproof non‐platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in a low pH environment has been the greatest challenge in the development of aqueous rechargeable acid metal–air batteries, which are free from the electrolyte carbonation problem of alkaline batteries. Carbon‐based catalysts by far form the largest group of non‐PGM oxygen electrocatalysts. The performance of carbon catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) can be improved by using a salt‐activated synthesis. This method, however, is not applied to improve the catalytic performance of carbon in the OER. In view of the very different reaction microenvironments for the ORR and OER, the carbon active sites for the ORR and OER are expected to be mutually exclusive. Is it then possible to switch between the ORR and OER properties of carbon‐based catalysts by using salts with different chemical labilities in a salt‐activated synthesis? This communication is a report of our investigation of the effects of lithium salts on the microstructure and performance of doped carbon catalysts in oxygen electrocatalysis in acid.
PIPELINEs: Creating Comparable Clinical Knowledge Efficiently by Linking Trial Platforms
Authors: Trusheim MR , Shrier AA , Antonijevic Z , Beckman RA , Campbell RK , Chen C , Flaherty KT , Loewy J , Lacombe D , Madhavan S , Selker HP , Esserman LJ
Published: September 2016

Adaptive, seamless, multisponsor, multitherapy clinical trial designs executed as large scale platforms, could create superior evidence more efficiently than single‐sponsor, single‐drug trials. These trial PIPELINEs also could diminish barriers to trial participation, increase the representation of real‐world populations, and create systematic evidence development for learning throughout a therapeutic life cycle, to continually refine its use. Comparable evidence could arise from multiarm design, shared comparator arms, and standardized endpoints—aiding sponsors in demonstrating the distinct value of their innovative medicines; facilitating providers and patients in selecting the most appropriate treatments; assisting regulators in efficacy and safety determinations; helping payers make coverage and reimbursement decisions; and spurring scientists with translational insights. Reduced trial times and costs could enable more indications, reduced development cycle times, and improved system financial sustainability. Challenges to overcome range from statistical to operational to collaborative governance and data exchange.
Investigating the Structural, Spectroscopic, and Electrochemical Properties of [Fe{(EPiPr2)2N}2] (E = S, Se) and the Formation of Iron Selenides by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Levesanos Nikolaos , Liyanage Wipula P. R. , Ferentinos Eleftherios , Raptopoulos Grigorios , Paraskevopoulou Patrina , Sanakis Yiannis , Choudhury Amitava , Stavropoulos Pericles , Nath Manashi , Kyritsis Panayotis
Published: September 2016

The anionic L = [(EPiPr2)2N]– (E = S, Se) form of the dichalcogenidoimidodiphosphinato‐type ligands containing iPr peripheral groups has been shown previously to afford tetrahedral [MIIL2] complexes (E = S, M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn; E = Se, M = Co, Ni, Zn). The syntheses of the analogous [FeL2] complexes [E = S (1), Se (2)] were performed in this work through metathesis reactions between FeCl2 and the corresponding KL salts. For both 1 and 2, X‐ray crystallography revealed two distinct molecules in the asymmetric unit. Complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural and exhibit P–E and P–N bond‐length differences compared with those of the free ligands, and these differences are translated into shifts of the corresponding IR bands. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed that the FeII → FeIII oxidation in 2 occurs at a lower potential than that of 1. The zero‐field Mössbauer spectra of the two complexes are quite similar and provide evidence of similar S = 2 electronic structures. The observation of crystallographically distinct FeIIE4 sites for both 1 and 2 is also revealed in the corresponding Mössbauer spectra. Complex 2 was employed as a single‐source precursor in catalyst‐aided chemical vapor deposition experiments, which afforded the iron selenides FeSe and Fe3Se4.
Domino Methylenation/Hydrogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Combining Matsubara's Reagent and Wilkinson's Catalyst
Authors: Maazaoui Radhouan , Pin‐Nó María , Gervais Kevin , Abderrahim Raoudha , Ferreira Franck , Perez‐Luna Alejandro , Chemla Fabrice , Jackowski Olivier
Published: September 2016

The methylenation/hydrogenation cascade reaction of aldehydes or ketones through a domino process involving two ensuing steps in a single pot is realized. The compatibility of Matsubara's reagent and Wilkinson's complex give a combination that allows, under dihydrogen, the transformation of a carbonyl function into a methyl group. This new method is suitable to introduce an ethyl motif from aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with total chemoselectivity and total retention of α‐stereochemical purity. The developed procedure is also extended to the introduction of methyl groups from ketones.
Transalkylation and Migration of N‐Substituent upon Alkylation of 1,2,3‐Triazoles Containing Good Leaving N‐Substituents
Authors: Telegina Lyudmila N. , Kelbysheva Elena S. , Strelkova Tatyana V. , Ezernitskaya Mariam G. , Borisov Yurii A. , Smol'yakov Aleksander F. , Peregudov Aleksander S. , Rodionov Alexey N. , Ikonnikov Nikolay S. , Loim Nikolay M.
Published: September 2016

The synthesis of four new 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives and seven 1,2,3‐triazolium salts that contain an organometallic group (i.e., cymantrenyl and ferrocenyl) at either the N‐1, N‐2, or N‐3 position was realized. The alkylation of organometallic and organic triazole derivatives was investigated, and as a result of these studies, it was found that the presence of a good leaving group at the heterocyclic nitrogen atom led to transalkylation and subsequent migration of the N‐1 substituent to the N‐2 position of the triazole moiety. The nucleophilicity of the counterion of the triazolium salt influenced the transalkylation and isomerization processes, which suggests that the elimination of the N‐substituent most likely occurs though a concerted mechanism with nucleophilic assistance from the counterion. Thus, a new approach to the synthesis of 2,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles has been developed.
Construction of a Polycyclic Conjugated System Containing a Dibenzazepine Moiety by Cationic Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization
Authors: Ito Mamoru , Kawasaki Ryosuke , Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen , Shibata Takanori
Published: September 2016

A new π‐conjugated system of nitrogen‐containing polycyclic compounds was constructed by cationic AuI‐catalyzed cycloisomerization. Intramolecular reaction of 9‐(2‐alkynylphenyl)‐9H‐carbazole derivatives gave a variety of penta‐ and hexacyclic compounds possessing a dibenzazepine skeleton. The rigid carbazole structure was responsible for efficient 7‐endo‐dig cycloisomerization.
Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Novel Pt−Au Bimetallic Nanoclusters Decorated on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Sensitive Detection of Ofloxacin
Authors: Jiang Zhiming , Liu Qin , Tang Yuran , Zhang Mingxiao
Published: September 2016

Pt−Au nanoclusters decorated on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO/Pt−Au) was facilely prepared by one‐pot electrochemical reduction. The morphology and composition of rGO/Pt−Au composites had been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX), fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and electrochemical methods. Ofloxacin is a member of synthetic quinolones which has been widely used for the treatment of common diseases in humans and animals. The performance of the rGO/Pt−Au nanocomposite toward the oxidation of ofloxacin was compared with the other similar nanostructures like rGO/Pt and rGO/Au. In the optimized conditions, two linear calibration curves were obtained, from 0.08 to 10 μM and 10 to 100 μM ofloxacin. A detection limit of 0.05 μM ofloxacin was observed at pH 5.7 for the GCE/rGO/Pt−Au. The proposed sensor was successfully applied to determine ofloxacin in tablets and human urine samples and the results were satisfactory.
Microbial degradation of low density polyethylene
Authors: Abraham Jayanthi , Ghosh Enoch , Mukherjee Prantik , Gajendiran Anudurga
Published: September 2016

Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) is potential source of environmental pollution. In this study, biodegradation of LDPE was achieved by employing fungus and actinobacteria isolated from waste dumping site. Among all the isolates, two potential strains were obtained through enrichment technique. Based on 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA analyses the isolated strains were identified as Aspergillus nomius and Streptomyces sp., respectively. The biodegradation of LDPE was determined by evaluating weight loss and morphological changes of the LDPE samples. The isolated strains; Aspergillus nomius had the capacity to degrade 4.9% and Streptomyces sp. showed 5.2% of weight loss of LDPE films respectively. Weight loss of LDPE film after inoculation of isolates in degradation medium indicated that it was capable of using polyethylene as carbon and energy source. CO2 evolution was checked after degradation of polyethylene pieces, the level of CO2 reached 2.85 g L−1 in the presence of Aspergillus nomius and Streptomyces sp. produced 4.27 g L−1. Sophisticated instrumentation was used like atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy (FTIR). The breakdown products of the LDPE film after exposure to the isolates was recorded employing GCMS. FTIR spectrum of LDPE film confirmed changes in the presence of chemical groups like amine, alkanes, phenols, and alcohol after degradation of LDPE films by Aspergillus nomius and Streptomyces sp. and the most prominent structural changes of the spectrum were observed in the LDPE sample after 90 days of degradation. The results affirmed the isolates were capable of degrading LPDE films efficiently. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 147–154, 2017
A Public Intellectual
Authors: Unterstell Rembert
Published: September 2016

His ideas about social acceleration have made Hartmut Rosa a sought‐after expert in the media — but the Jena‐based sociologist does not want to be an “agony uncle”
How Much Longer?
Authors: Ahrens Mark Alexander , Sanio David
Published: September 2016

Unrelenting traffic, corrosion and weathering all take their toll on the prestressed steel used in bridge construction. Structural engineers use mathematical models to predict the progress of fatigue and therefore the useful life of these structures more accurately. The reliability of forecasts depends on the quality of the data and the accuracy of the methods used.
Hats Off to Self‐Organisation and Self‐Assembly!
Authors: Herz Andreas , Wang Dong , Schaaf Peter
Published: September 2016

Metallic films of nanometer thickness are used for electronic applications in which they must be stable and not decompose into nanoparticles. On the other hand, nano‐sized metallic spheres of uniform size in a defined arrangement are very interesting for new applications in optics, sensor technology and medicine. Researchers are looking to nature for help in fabricating such complicated nanomaterials. The magic word is “dewetting“, a process that could enable their easy fabrication.