bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La liaison en français et la théorie de l'optimalité
Authors: Eychenne Julien
Published: July 2011

Cet article offre une analyse non représentationnelle de la liaison en français dans le cadre de la théorie de l’optimalité, un cadre grammatical utilisant des contraintes. Nous proposons que les consonnes de liaison soient traitées comme des consonnes à exponence morphologique spécifique qui sont ciblées par des contraintes lexicales co-indexées. Cette analyse offre une synthèse des approches qui ont été proposées jusqu’alors en reconnaissant le statut exceptionnel et idiosyncrasique des consonnes de liaison sans recourir à la problématique notion de flottance. Nous exploitons également un corpus de sept enquêtes issues du projet PFC : nous montrons l’importance relative de la taille du mot, sa catégorie grammaticale, sa fréquence, l’âge des locuteurs et le registre dans la réalisation de la liaison.
Schwa et position initiale revisités : l'éclairage de la prosodie en phonologie du français contemporain
Authors: Lacheret Anne , Lyche Chantal , Tchobanov Atanas
Published: July 2011

Selon l’hypothèse qui sous-tend notre travail, une perspective lexicaliste est largement insuffisante pour modéliser la variation du schwa en position initiale, celle-ci relevant tout autant de contraintes postlexicales, intonosyntaxiques, voire discursives. Nous abordons la variabilité du schwa sous l’angle fonctionnel et proposons qu’un schwa maintenu dans un site potentiel de chute remplira la même fonction que l’accent : une syllabe avec schwa sera perçue comme proéminente dans le discours, elle émergera comme une figure sur un fond. Il s’ensuit que, toute chose égale par ailleurs, le schwa se maintient lorsqu’il contribue à des marquages linguistiques spécifiques, mais également informationnels et discursifs. À partir d’un codage prosodique et de requêtes croisées, nous analysons quatre points d’enquête de la base PFC (Phonologie du Français Contemporain, http://www.projet-pfc.net/) qui confirment nos hypothèses de départ tout en nous invitant à les préciser.
The Flexible Bus Systems Using Zigbee as a Communication Medium
Authors: Iqbal Razi , Yukimatsu Kenichi , Ichikawa Tatsuya
Published: July 2011

This paper describes a research on The Flexible Bus Systems (FBS) using Zigbee as a communication medium. The Flexible Bus System is a demand responsive transit (DRT) which is more efficient and convenient in a sense that it entertains passengerâ??s demands and gives bus locations in real time. The real time synchronization of The Flexible Bus System makes it information rich and unique as compared to other DRTs. The Flexible Bus Systems is a system that can replace the Traditional Bus Systems with its flexibility and efficiency. This paper discusses the use of wireless technologies in The Flexible Bus Systems and how to make it more reliable using short range wireless technology Zigbee.
The Application of PSIM & Matlab/ Simulink in Teaching of Power Electronics Courses
Authors: Khader Sameer Hanna , Abu-aisheh Akram
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a comparison analysis between two engineering software platforms, Matlab/Simulink & PSIM, which are used as major educational tools in teaching of power electronics and electrical drive courses, in additional to conducted research in these fields. The comparison analysis is based on studying the design simplicity of the module, time consumed in building of the module, accuracy, functionality, simulation time, and the acceptability of obtained results. Various power electronic simulation circuits are illustrated and the results are processed and displayed.

The simulation results states that Matlab/Simulink is a suitable platform for control and regulation of simulation processes, in additional to its dominant role in conducting research tasks. Conversely, PSIM is dedicated to power electronic circuits and machine simulation tasks with fast and robust algorithms and suitable for educational purposes. It is recommended that both packages can be used in teaching power electronics courses.
Virtual Lab: Real-time Acquisition and Analysis of ECG Signal
Authors: Kumar Anil , Malik Jagannath , Kumar Vinod
Published: July 2011

Sole motive of this work is hardware/data resource sharing over internet for academic/lab experimentation purpose. In India, major problem with the education system is lack of practical knowledge due to unavailability of resources. Without practical implementation, students find difficulty in correlating their theoretical knowledge with real world problems. Thus to tackle this situation, â??virtual labs
Programming and Playing with RoboSapien on line
Authors: Cvjetkovic Vladimir M
Published: July 2011

RoboSapien is famous human like robot toy intended for playing with, of interested in, of all ages, and learning through the game, of some basic characteristics of robots and robotic control. The programming of RoboSapien as described in userâ??s manual is limited with the internal memory, battery life, and not very convenient input of actions through the multipurpose buttons of the RoboSapien IR remote control device. In order to offer better conditions for experimenting and using of RoboSapien, the web user interface was developed, that provides interactive user control, programming of command sequences of arbitrary length, observing of RoboSapien actions using the web cam that shows the movements and actions on web page. Access and control of RoboSapien by remote user through the web page user interface, is controlled by access levels depending on whether the user is logged in or not. The whole system is implemented in C# as ASP.NET project with NI USB 6501 digital I/O driving the CMOS 4066 analog switches for controlling the RoboSapien IR remote control device.
Angiogenesis Imaging in Neoplasia
Authors: Bowden David J. , Barrett Tristan
Published: July 2011

Angiogenesis plays a key role in physiological and pathophysiological processes and is recognized as being essential for tumor growth and metastases. The recent oncological development of anti-angiogenic drugs brings with it a need for angiogenesis quantification and monitoring of response. The nature of these agents means that traditional anatomical methods of assessing morphologic change are outmoded and functional imaging techniques and/or agents are necessary. Herein, we describe the various imaging techniques that can be employed to assess angiogenesis, along with their inherent advantages and disadvantages and discuss the current and future developments in the field.
Pediatric disaster preparedness of a hospital network in a large metropolitan region
Authors: Ferrer, PhD Rizaldy R. , Balasuriya, MPH Darshi , Iverson, MPH Ellen , Upperman, MD, FAAP, FACS Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2011

Objectives: We describe pediatric-related emergency experiences and responses, disaster preparation and planning, emergency plan execution and evaluation, and hospital pediatric capabilities and vulnerabilities among a disaster response network in a large urban county in the West Coast of the United States.Methods: Using semistructured key informant interviews, the authors conducted qualitative research between March and April 2008. Eleven hospitals and a representative from the community clinic association agreed to participate (86 percent response rate) and a total of 22 key informant interviews were completed. Data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti.v.5.0, a qualitative analytical software program.Results: Although hospitals have infrastructure to respond in the event of a large-scale disaster, wellestablished disaster preparedness plans have not fully accounted for the needs of children. The general hospitals do not anticipate a surge of pediatric victims in the event of a disaster, and they expect that children will be transported to a children’s hospital as their conditions become stable.Conclusions: Even hospitals with well-established disaster preparedness plans have not fully accounted for the needs of children during a disaster. Improved communication between disaster network hospitals is necessary as incorrect information still persists.
Experiences of Iraqi doctors in Jordan during conflict and factors associated with migration
Authors: Doocy, PhD Shannon , Malik, MPH Sana , Burnham, MD, PhD Gilbert
Published: July 2011

Objectives: To document the experiences of Iraqi doctors residing in Jordan before departure from Iraq and to assess factors associated with migration.Methods: Respondent-driven sampling was used to obtain information from 401 Iraqi doctors arriving in Jordan after the invasion of 2003. Three seeds were used and chains were carried out to 10-11 waves of respondents; interviews were carried out either in person or by mobile phone.Results: Migration of Iraqi doctors to Jordan peaked in 2006; 94 percent of doctors were from Baghdad and 25 percent had been internally displaced before migration to Jordan. Departure from Iraq was associated with a violent event in 61 percent (confidence interval [CI]: 56-65) of cases and 75 percent (CI: 70-79) of doctor households experienced a violent event before migration. Kidnappings or assassination attempts were reported by 17 percent (CI: 25-34) of doctors; male sex and older age were significantly associated with increased risk in multivariate models. Only 30 percent (CI: 25-34) of doctors reported they have plan to return to Iraq when the conflict is over and 6 percent (CI: 4-9) reported planning to return to Iraq within a year; the majority (52 percent, CI: 47-57) planned to settle in a third country.Conclusions: Iraq has lost many of its doctors as a result of the conflict, and the majority of those displaced in Jordan have no plans to return. The human capital losses associated with the large-scale displacement of Iraqi doctors are substantial and have left a critical void in human capital that will likely impact the health system for decades.
Response capabilities of the National Guard: A focus on domestic disaster medical response
Authors: Bochicchio, MD, FCCP Daniel
Published: July 2011

The National Guard has a 373-year history of responding to the nation’s call to duty for service both at home and abroad (The National Guard Bureau Web site: Available at http://www.ngb.army.mil/default.aspx.). The National Guard (NG) is a constitutionally unique organization (United States Constitution, US Government Printing Office Web site: Available at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/index.html.). Today’s Guard conducts domestic disaster response and civilian assistance missions on a daily basis. Yet, the NG’s role, mission, and capabilities are not well-known or understood. The National Response Framework (NRF) places significant responsibility on the local and state disaster planners (Department of Homeland Security: National Response Framework. US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC, January 2008).The public health professionals are an integral component of the disaster planning community. It is critical that the public health community be knowledgeable of types and capabilities of all the response assets at their disposal.
Hurricane Katrina and the need for changes in the federal funding of disaster mental health
Authors: Weems, PhD Carl F.
Published: July 2011

Recent findings showing chronic post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health symptoms in individuals exposed to Hurricane Katrina cogently argues for changes in the federal funding of mental health following disasters. This commentary discusses the evidence for protracted high rates of mental health problems in both adults and children following Katrina. The limitations to current mental health funding legislation post-disaster are noted, and initial suggestions for additional disaster-related mental health funding programs are made.
Mass gathering medical care: To calculate the Medical Usage Rate of Galway Races
Authors: Shah, AFRCSI Waqar
Published: July 2011

Medical Usage Rate (MUR) of Galway Races: The Galway Races is the most popular horse-racing festival in Ireland. It takes place for a week starting from the last Monday in July. The races are held at Ballybrit race course in Galway. During the 7 days of racing, about 180,000 people attend. The average temperature in Galway around that time of the year is around 15-20°C.The aim of this study is to calculate the MUR of Galway Races and to develop a model to predict the MUR for Galway Races in future.The MUR of Galway Races is calculated by looking retrospectively at the medical records of the last 11 years of Galway Races from 1997 to 2007. The Galway Races has a MUR of 3.67 patient per ten thousand. Based on the figures for last 10 years, the predictive MUR for Galway Races 2008 calculated before the races and actual figures in 2008 races is comparable.
The Transitional Medical Model: An innovative methodology for a community’s disease outbreak and pandemic preparedness and response plan
Authors: Rega, MD, FACEP Paul , Bork, PT, PhD, EMT-B, FASAHP Christopher , Bisesi, PhD, CIH Michael , Gold, MD Jeffrey , Burkholder-Allen, RN, MSEd Kelly
Published: July 2011

Infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and subsequent pandemics are not typical disasters in the sense that they often lack clearly delineated phases. As in any event that is biological in nature, its onset may be gradual with signs and symptoms that are so subtle that they go unrecognized, thus missing opportunities to invoke an early response and implement containment strategies. An infectious disease outbreak—whether caused by a novel virus, a particularly virulent influenza strain, or newly emerging or resistant bacteria with the capability of human-to-human transmission—can quickly degrade a community’s healthcare infrastructure in advance of coordinated mitigation, preparation, and response activities. The Transitional Medical Model (TMM) was developed to aid communities with these crucial phases of disaster response as well as to assist with the initial steps within the recovery phase. The TMM is a methodology that provides a crosswalk between the routine operations and activities of a community’s public health infrastructure with action steps associated with the mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery phases of an infectious disease outbreak.
Emotional and biological stress measures in Katrina survivors relocated to Oklahoma
Authors: Tucker, MD Phebe , Jeon-Slaughter, PhD Haekyung , Pfefferbaum, MD, JD Betty , Khan, MPH Qaiser , Davis, MD Nathan J.
Published: July 2011

Objectives: The authors assessed relocated Hurricane Katrina survivors’ emotional and biological stress measures 20 months postdisaster to understand effects of both hurricane exposure and forced relocation on emotional and physical health.Design: Psychiatric diagnoses, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms, and biological stress measures were compared for total survivor and control groups and subgroups by PTSD diagnoses and lifetime trauma.Setting: Outpatient university psychiatry clinics in Oklahoma City and Tulsa.Participants: Thirty-four healthy adult Katrina survivors relocated to Oklahoma, and 34 healthy, demographically matched Oklahoma comparison participants.Main Outcome Measures: Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, assessed Axis I psychiatric disorders. Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale and Beck Depression Inventory quantified PTSD and depression symptoms. Biological stress measures were physiologic reactivity (heart rate and blood pressure responses to a trauma interview), interleukin-2 (IL-2; cell-mediated immunity), and interleukin-6 (IL- 6; proinflammatory cytokine).Results: Both groups had high lifetime trauma exposure. Among survivors, current hurricane-related and predisaster PTSD were diagnosed in 35.3 and 11.8 percent. Controls had current (11.8 percent) and lifetime (14.7 percent) PTSD. Survivors’ PTSD and depression symptom levels were higher than controls and within illness ranges. The survivors had higher IL-6 than nontraumatized controls, higher IL-6 in the presence of PTSD, and higher baseline heart rates and mean arterial blood pressure reactivity than controls.Conclusions: Higher IL-6 and autonomic measures for several Katrina survivor subgroups than control subgroups may confer future cardiovascular risks. The results are discussed relative to increased myocardial infarct rates in New Orleans after Katrina. Even healthy survivors should be assessed for cardiovascular risks and mental health sequelae.
Health issues of internally displaced persons in Pakistan: Preparation for disasters in future
Authors: Wasay MD, FRCP, FAAN Mohammad , Mushtaq MBBS, MCPS, DTCD Khalid
Published: July 2011

Army action against terrorism in Pakistan led to the largest human migration in this century. About 3.4 million people (internally displaced persons, IDPs) were displaced. The authors visited all major camps and some houses in Mardan area and interviewed IDPs and doctors at these camps and areas to identify medical needs and current state of provision of medical care. This disaster largely represented displacement of millions of people (IDPs) including women and children to a new weather and environment in overcrowded refugee camps and houses. Influx of large number of displaced people created excessive burden for already deprived local health services. The medical issues and requirements for these IDPs living in camps were totally different from a disaster like earthquake. Global response to this disaster was slow and less effective. The need for a WHO coordination center for creating quick and urgent response for such kind of disasters in future is emphasized in this article
March/April 2010
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: July 2011

Vol. 5, No. 2
Healthcare ethics: The experience after the Haitian earthquake
Authors: Etienne, MD, MPH Mill , Powell, MD, MPH, FAAP Clydette , Amundson, DO, MS, FACP Dennis
Published: July 2011

On January 12, 2010, a 7.0 Richter earthquake devastated Haiti and its public health infrastructure leading to a worldwide humanitarian effort. The United States sent forces to Haiti’s assistance including the USNS Comfort, a tertiary care medical center on board a ship. Besides setting a transparent triage and medical regulating system, the leadership on the Comfort instituted a multidisciplinary Healthcare Ethics Committee to assist in delivering the highest level efficient care to the largest number of victims. Allocation of resources was based on time-honored ethics principles, the concept of mass casualty triage in the setting of resource constraints, and constructs developed by the host nation’s Ministry of Health. In offering aid in austere circumstances, healthcare practitioners must not only adhere to the basic healthcare ethics principles but also practice respect for communities, cultures, and traditions, as well as demonstrate respect for the sovereignty of the host nation. The principles outlined herein should serve as guidance for future disaster relief missions. This work is in accordance with BUMEDINST 6010.25, Establishment of Healthcare Ethics Committees.
Revising the retrieval technique of a long-term stratospheric HNO3 data set: from a constrained matrix inversion to the optimal estimation algorithm
Authors: Fiorucci I. , Muscari G. , de Zafra R. L.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. The Ground-Based Millimeter-wave Spectrometer (GBMS) was designed and built at the State University of New York at Stony Brook in the early 1990s and since then has carried out many measurement campaigns of stratospheric O3, HNO3, CO and N2O at polar and mid-latitudes. Its HNO3 data set shed light on HNO3 annual cycles over the Antarctic continent and contributed to the validation of both generations of the satellite-based JPL Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Following the increasing need for long-term data sets of stratospheric constituents, we resolved to establish a long-term GMBS observation site at the Arctic station of Thule (76.5° N, 68.8° W), Greenland, beginning in January 2009, in order to track the long- and short-term interactions between the changing climate and the seasonal processes tied to the ozone depletion phenomenon. Furthermore, we updated the retrieval algorithm adapting the Optimal Estimation (OE) method to GBMS spectral data in order to conform to the standard of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) microwave group, and to provide our retrievals with a set of averaging kernels that allow more straightforward comparisons with other data sets. The new OE algorithm was applied to GBMS HNO3 data sets from 1993 South Pole observations to date, in order to produce HNO3 version 2 (v2) profiles. A sample of results obtained at Antarctic latitudes in fall and winter and at mid-latitudes is shown here. In most conditions, v2 inversions show a sensitivity (i.e., sum of column elements of the averaging kernel matrix) of 100 ± 20 % from 20 to 45 km altitude, with somewhat worse (better) sensitivity in the Antarctic winter lower (upper) stratosphere. The 1σ uncertainty on HNO3 v2 mixing ratio vertical profiles depends on altitude and is estimated at ~15 % or 0.3 ppbv, whichever is larger. Comparisons of v2 with former (v1) GBMS HNO3 vertical profiles, obtained employing the constrained matrix inversion method, show that v1 and v2 profiles are overall consistent. The main difference is at the HNO3 mixing ratio maximum in the 20–25 km altitude range, which is smaller in v2 than v1 profiles by up to 2 ppbv at mid-latitudes and during the Antarctic fall. This difference suggests a better agreement of GBMS HNO3 v2 profiles with both UARS/ and EOS Aura/MLS HNO3 data than previous v1 profiles.
Rainfall threshold definition using an entropy decision approach and radar data
Authors: Montesarchio V. , Ridolfi E. , Russo F. , Napolitano F.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Flash flood events are floods characterised by a very rapid response of basins to storms, often resulting in loss of life and property damage. Due to the specific space-time scale of this type of flood, the lead time available for triggering civil protection measures is typically short. Rainfall threshold values specify the amount of precipitation for a given duration that generates a critical discharge in a given river cross section. If the threshold values are exceeded, it can produce a critical situation in river sites exposed to alluvial risk. It is therefore possible to directly compare the observed or forecasted precipitation with critical reference values, without running online real-time forecasting systems. The focus of this study is the Mignone River basin, located in Central Italy. The critical rainfall threshold values are evaluated by minimising a utility function based on the informative entropy concept and by using a simulation approach based on radar data. The study concludes with a system performance analysis, in terms of correctly issued warnings, false alarms and missed alarms.
Radiological Predictive Factors in the Healing of Displaced Intracapsular Hip Fractures. A Clinical Study of 404 Cases
Authors: Parker Martyn J. , Kendrew Jon , Gurusamy Kurinchi
Published: July 2011

Background

Fracture healing complications occur in approximately a third of displaced intracapsular hip fractures treated by reduction and internal fixation. Various radiographic features of the fracture have been used to estimate the risk of fracture healing complications. Aims: To determine which radiographic features of a displaced intracapsular hip fracture were the most reliable in predicting fracture re-displacement after internal fixation.

Methods

The pre-operative radiographs for 404 patients with a displaced intracapsular hip fracture treated by reduction and internal fixation were classified using five different variables. These were a direct measurement of trochanteric shortening and fracture shortening, a ratio of fracture displacement, the Garden grade and an alternative interpretation of the Garden grading. Inter-observer reliability of the various classifications was also studied. These observations were related to the later occurrence of fracture displacement or non-union.

Results

Only trochanteric shortening had an acceptable degree of inter-observer variation and this was also the most predictive of fracture re-displacement. The ratio method and fracture shortening were also related to fracture healing complications. Using the traditional Garden grading equal numbers of grade III and IV fractures healed but an alternative interpretation of the Garden grading showed some relationship to the development of non-union.

Conclusions

A direct measurement of shortening of the femur is the most reliable predictor of failure of the fracture to heal.
Total Hip Replacement in an Adolescent Patient with Harlequin Ichthyosis; A Case Report
Authors: Beazley James C. , Ho Kevin , Ilchyshyn Andrew , Foguet Pedro
Published: July 2011

Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a rare autosomal recessive skin disorder. No orthopaedic procedure has previously been described on a patient with HI. We report the case of a 17-year-old patient with HI who presented with bilateral juvenile idiopathic arthritis of the hips who underwent bilateral total hip replacements. Our standard operative and postoperative regime was followed and no complications occurred. One year after the second procedure our patient had a Oxford hip score of 43 and was very satisfied with the result.
Predicting the Long-Term Course of Asthma in Wheezing Infants Is Still a Challenge
Authors: Amat Flore , Vial Amandine , Pereira Bruno , Petit Isabelle , Labbe André , Just Jocelyne
Published: July 2011

Background. In recurrent wheezing infants, it is important to identify those likely to remain asthmatic in order to propose appropriate long-term management.
Objective. To establish predictive factors for persistent asthma at adolescence in a population of recurrent wheezing infants.
Methods. Retrospective study of 227 infants. Inclusion criteria were age under 36 months, a history of at least three wheezing episodes assessed via a doctor-led ISAAC questionnaire and a standardized allergy testing programme. At 13 years, active asthma was assessed by questionnaire.
Results. Risk factors for asthma persisting into adolescence were allergic sensitization to multiple airborne allergens (OR 4.6, CI-95% (1.9–11.2) ), initial atopic dermatitis (OR 3.4, CI-95% (1.9–6.3) ), severe recurrent wheezing (OR 2.3, CI-95% (1.3–4.2) ), and hypereosinophilia ≥470/mm3 (OR 2.2, CI-95% (1.07–4.7) ).
Conclusion. While it is still difficult to predict the long-term course of asthma, atopy remains the major risk factor for persistent asthma.
The Prevalence of Giardia Intestinalis in Dyspeptic and Diabetic Patients
Authors: Hakim Gözde Derviş , Kızıltaş Şafak , Çiftçi Hilmi , Göktaş Şafak , Tuncer İlyas
Published: July 2011

Background and Aims. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Giardiasis in patients with dyspepsia and patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods. 400 patients and 100 healthy persons were included in this clinical prospective study. The number of patients in each group was equal, 200 dyspeptic and 200 diabetic, respectively. The antigen of G. lntestinalis was determined in the stool specimens by ELISA method. Results. The frequency of Giardiasis was 7% in dyspeptic and 15% in diabetic patients. There was no positive results in any of the healthy persons. There was a significant difference in prevalence rate of Giardiasis between patients with dyspepsia and diabetes mellitus (P<0.05). Conclusions. These results revealed that the prevalence of Giardiasis in dyspepsia and with diabetes mellitus was high in our country. This is the first study investigating the prevalence of Giardiasis in diabetic patients. To investigate Giardiasis in diabetic patients, who have dyspepsia or not, may be a good approach for public health.
Folklore as a Map of the World: Rejecting “Home” as a Failure of the Imagination (AFS 2009 Presidential Address)
Authors: Lawless Elaine J.
Published: July 2011

For years, I felt that my negative feelings about “home” were completely justified and that I saw no redemption in the area or the people whom I associated with “home.” That is not to say that I do not love my family, but there was never any effort on my part to salvage or imagine whatever could have been viewed as—at the very least—constructive and positive about my “home” or how my home and childhood created the blueprint for my own personal “map of the world.” I now believe that my rejection of home is actually a failure of my own imagination. In this article, I explore the ways in which I see folklore as constituting a map of our individual and collective world(s)—a comprehensive, if not always a comprehensible, map of our world, one that is often difficult to discern. I have taken the approach that I need to recover the various aspects of the maps my home offered to me, noting first their existence, then their utility, and finally, by extension, exploring how my personal project has become a way for me to rethink folklore as a kind of reconstituting enterprise.
On the Verge: Phenomenology and Empathic Unsettlement
Authors: Shuman Amy
Published: July 2011

Using a phenomenological approach to questions about empathy and stigma, this essay explores stories told by parents of children with disabilities. In a close reading of “Welcome to Holland,” an allegorical account of discovering that one’s child has Down syndrome, I explore the concepts of narrative alignment (and positionality) and the politics of recognition in narratives about disability. In addition, this autoethnographic account describes my own “empathic unsettlement” as a parent and as an ethnographer.
A nonsynonymous LNK polymorphism associated with idiopathic erythrocytosis
Authors: McMullin Mary Frances , Wu Chao , Percy Melanie J , Tong Wei
Published: July 2011

No abtract.
Genetic diversity and evidence for population admixture in Batak Negritos from Palawan
Authors: Scholes Clarissa , Siddle Katherine , Ducourneau Axel , Crivellaro Federica , Järve Mari , Rootsi Siiri , Bellatti Maggie , Tabbada Kristina , Mormina Maru , Reidla Maere , Villems Richard , Kivisild Toomas , Lahr Marta Mirazon , Migliano Andrea Bamberg
Published: July 2011

Anthropologists have long been fascinated by the isolated hunter–gatherer populations in Southeast Asia (SEA) collectively known as “Negritos.” However, the origins and affinities of these groups remain unresolved. Negritos are characterized by their short stature, dark skin color, and wiry hair, and they inhabit the Philippines, Malay Peninsula, and the Andaman Islands. Among Philippine Negritos, the Batak are of particular interest in understanding population interactions in the region due to their location on Palawan Island, which likely formed a corridor by which human migrations entered the rest of the Philippine archipelago from Island SEA. Here, we extend current understanding of the distribution of genetic diversity in Negritos by presenting the first analysis of mitochondrial DNA and Y‐chromosome diversity among the Batak. We show that the Batak are genetically distinct from Negritos of the Andaman Islands and Malay Peninsula and instead bear most resemblance to geographically proximate Philippine Negritos and to non‐Negrito populations from the Philippines and Island SEA. An extensive degree of recent admixture between the Batak and their neighbors is indicated by the high frequency of recently coalescing haplogroups in the Batak that are found throughout Island SEA. The comparison of results from these two loci further lends support to the hypothesis that male‐biased admixture has, in particular, been a prominent feature of the interactions between the Batak and surrounding non‐Negrito populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unexpected consequences of transnasal balloon dilation of the maxillary ostium
Authors: Brenner Pryor S. , Abadie Wesley M. , Weitzel Erik K. , Thomas Roy F. , McMains Kevin C.
Published: July 2011

Background

Nasal irrigations and topical sprays have been demonstrated to have benefit in chronic sinusitis. Increasingly, it is evident that delivery system, patient anatomy, and inflammatory process have significant impacts on irrigant distribution.

Methods

Intrasinus endoscopy was performed during sinus irrigation of 5 thawed fresh frozen cadavers (10 sides) before and after transnasal dilation of the maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid ostia with a 5‐mm balloon.

Results

Guidewire insertion created false passages through maxillary fontanelle on all of 10 attempts; 1 of 10 frontal insertions entered the ostia in a submucosal plane, while all 10 sphenoid attempts were successful without complication (p < 0.0001). Average minimum ostial dimension increased from 1.73 mm to 3.6 mm (p < 0.0001) after dilation. Obtaining an ostial size of 5 mm was associated with significantly improved irrigation penetration relative to a minimum dimension of 4 mm or less (p = 0.019). After balloon dilation of the true ostia, irrigation of the sphenoid increased, irrigations into the frontal sinuses were unchanged, and irrigation into the maxillary sinuses decreased.

Conclusion

Guidewire insertion in this study was noted to frequently create a false passage during maxillary sinus ostial dilation. After balloon dilation, irrigant penetration was increased into the sphenoid sinus for heavy and mist irrigators whereas the maxillary sinus had diminished irrigant penetration for heavy and NetiPot irrigators. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.†

This article is a U.S. government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
The production of methyl esters from waste frying oil by microwave method
Authors: Rahmanlar İsa , Yücel Sevil , Özçimen Didem
Published: July 2011

Alcoholysis of waste frying oil (WFO) was studied by using microwave irradiation to examine alcoholization reaction factors which affect the purity of the ester product, including the molar ratio of methanol to WFO, the amount of alkaline catalyst and the reaction time. The alcoholysis reactions were carried out by using WFO, methanol and sodium hydroxide as the catalysts at 64 °C. In order to characterize the reaction conditions for methyl ester production, a series of experiments were carried out with methanol/WFO molar ratios between 6 and 18, and catalyst/WFO weight ratios between 0.5 and 1.5%. The results showed that the most important parameter affecting the reaction is the amount of sodium hydroxide. The best catalyst amount was found as NaOH 1% from the WFO. A higher methyl ester purity was obtained in 1–3 min. In the presence of 1% of NaOH molar ratios varying from 6:1 to 18:1 in 3 min of reaction time, the purity of methyl ester was 93.83–97.20%. However, difficulties were observed in separation process above 9:1. The experimental results indicated that microwave‐assisted alcoholysis efficiently produced pure methyl esters in methyl ester quality in a short reaction time. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative structure‐property relationships studies on free‐radical polymerization chain‐transfer constants for styrene
Authors: Xu Jie , Wang Lei , Zhang Hui , Shen Xiaolin , Liang Guijie
Published: July 2011

Quantitative structure‐property relationships (QSPR) studies were performed for kinetic chain‐transfer constants of 90 agents on styrene polymerization at 60°C. By using stepwise multilinear regression analysis (MLRA) and artificial neural network (ANN), linear and nonlinear models containing seven descriptors were obtained with R2 of 0.7866 and 0.8661 for the training set, respectively. The reliability of the proposed models was validated through the test set. The descriptors involved in the models are related to the molecular conformational changes and some functional groups. As these descriptors are directly calculated from the molecular structure, the proposed models can be employed to estimate the chain‐transfer constants for styrene. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Thermal properties and combustion behavior of POSS‐ and bohemite‐finished cotton fabrics
Authors: Alongi Jenny , Brancatelli Giovanna , Rosace Giuseppe
Published: July 2011

A finishing process with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and bohemite nanoparticles has been exploited for enhancing the thermal stability and flame retardancy of cotton fabrics. The thermal behavior of flame retardant treated cellulosic fabric has been studied by thermogravimetric analyses (TGAs). It has been found that such nanoparticles favor the carbonization of the cellulose and slow down the kinetics of thermo‐oxidation in air. At the same time, the finished fabrics have turned out to be more efficient with respect to neat cotton as far as the flame retardancy is concerned, pointing out an increase of the time to ignition (TTI) and a decrease of the heat release rate (HRR). Furthermore, a comparison between the fire performances of the nanoparticles under study and a commercial phosphorus‐based flame retardant has been investigated. The morphology and elemental composition present in the treated fabrics have been also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and the results have been compared with the untreated fabric. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and degradation of agar‐carbomer based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Rossi Filippo , Chatzistavrou Xanthippi , Perale Giuseppe , Boccaccini Aldo R.
Published: July 2011

Hydrogels studied in this investigation, synthesized starting from agarose and Carbomer 974P, were chosen for their potential use in tissue engineering. The strong ability of hydrogels to mimic living tissues should be complemented with optimized degradation time profiles: a critical property for biomaterials but essential for the integration with target tissue. In this study, chosen hydrogels were characterized both from a rheological and a structural point of view before studying the chemistry of their degradation, which was performed by several analysis: infrared bond response [Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR)], calorimetry [differential scanning Calorimetry (DSC)], and % mass loss. Degradation behaviors of Agar‐Carbomer hydrogels with different degrees of crosslinkers were evaluated monitoring peak shifts and thermal property changes. It was found that the amount of crosslinks heavily affect the time and the magnitude related to the process. The results indicate that the degradation rates of Agar‐Carbomer hydrogels can be controlled and tuned to adapt the hydrogel degradation kinetics for different cell housing and drug delivery applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Study on the thermal behaviors and the morphology in PVP and nylon 6 blends
Authors: Hao Chaowei , Zhao Ying , Wang Dujin , Lai Guoqiao
Published: July 2011

In this report, polyamides were solution blended in the formic acid with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVP), an amorphous polar polyamide. The thermal behaviors and morphological change in the blends of Nylon 6 (PA6) and PVP were investigated in details via WAXD, DSC, FT‐IR and POM methods. The equilibrium melting temperatures for PA6 in the blends were estimated based on the linear and nonlinear Hoffman‐Weeks (LHW and NLHW) extrapolative methods. With increasing the mass ratio of PVP to PA6, Tm (melting temperature) and Tc (crystallization temperature) of PA6 in blends both decreased as well as that of the spherulite size of PA6. The interaction mode between PVP and PA6 was investigated by FT‐IR spectroscopy, and the spectral changes indicated that the carbonyl groups of PVP had formed hydrogen bonding with the NH groups of PA6 molecules in the molten state, which resulted in the variation of the morphology and thermal behaviors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Polypyrrole/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA composite for flexible and highly conductive transparent film
Authors: Lim Tae Hwan , Oh Kyung Wha , Kim Seong Hun
Published: July 2011

This study compares the properties of a highly conductive polymer based on polypyrrole and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grafted with poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PPy/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA) prepared for flexible indium tin oxide‐free organic solar cell (OSC) anode with those of PH500 poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) in various solvents. Hydrophilic poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) was grafted on the MWCNT surfaces to improve dispersion of the MWCNT in an aqueous solution. MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA was added because MWCNT acts as a conductive additive and a template for the polymerization of PPy. Polymerization yields increased as the amount of MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA increased and reached a maximum when 50% of MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA was added. The conductivity of PPy/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA composite was further improved and the value reached ∼ 152 S/cm with the addition of a toluenesulfonic acid (TSA)/HCl dopant mixture. To prepare a flexible OSC anode, PPy/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA dissolved in solvent mixture, was coated onto a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. PPy/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA was dissolved in a mixture of solvents including DMSO, NMP, EG, DEG, and glycerol of a high boiling point that was spin coated onto the PET, then annealed for 30 min at various temperatures. The conductivity of PPy/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA was further enhanced with solvent treatment and annealing at temperature ranges of 100–175°C. Under optimum conditions, the conductivity and transmittance of PPy/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA on PET reached 602 S/cm and 84% at 550 nm, respectively. In addition, it was confirmed that the energy level and mechanical strength of the film were suitable for OSC electrode use. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
An Evaluation of the Impact and Effectiveness of Environmental Legislation in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: Experiences from the UK
Authors: Wilson Christopher D. H. , Williams Ian David , Kemp Simon
Published: July 2011

With small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) accounting for 99.7% of the 4.7 million UK businesses, they can have a huge collective impact on the environment, which in turn is being increasingly regulated. This study investigated the impact and effectiveness of environmental legislation on UK SMEs as well as determining if ‘compliance’ results in improved environmental protection. Interviews were conducted with SME management, site staff, regulators, policy officials and support organisations. Forty‐four SMEs from the north‐west of England participated in the study, and overall a total of 99 individuals were interviewed. The study clearly indicates that the impact of environmental legislation on SMEs is overstated and impact increased commensurate with effort to comply and enforcement action. Only one of the SMEs studied had been prosecuted and only two had been inspected. Compliance issues identified in those SMEs subject to direct regulation did not correlate with previous compliance audits conducted. In general, SMEs had poor awareness of compliance issues; non‐compliance was only really recognised and acknowledged if identified by a regulator and only regarded as serious if prosecuted. Regulation of the environment is clearly only effective if complied with; understanding compliance levels can help measure the link between legislation and environmental protection. The effectiveness of environmental legislation can only be understood if SMEs are subject to regular regulatory contact. Recommendations to improve SME compliance control systems are provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Sampling Extreme Groups Invalidates Research on the Paraphilias: Implications for DSM‐5 and Sex Offender Risk Assessments
Authors: Wollert Richard , Cramer Elliot
Published: July 2011

Psychiatrist and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM‐IV) text editor Michael First has criticized the addition of victim counts to criteria proposed by the Paraphilia Sub‐Workgroup for inclusion in DSM‐5 because they will increase false‐positive diagnoses. Psychologist and Chair of the DSM‐5 Paraphilia Sub‐Workgroup, Ray Blanchard, responded by publishing a study of pedohebephiles and teleiophiles which seemed to show that victim counts could accurately identify pedohebephiles who were selected per self‐report and phallometric testing. His analysis was flawed because it did not conform to conventional clinical practice and because he sampled groups at opposite ends of the clinical spectrum. In an analysis of his full sample, we found the false‐positive rate for pedohebephilia at the recommended victim count selection points was indeed very large. Why? Because data analyses that eliminate intermediate data points will generate inflated estimates of correlation coefficients, base rates, and the discriminative capacity of predictor variables. This principle is also relevant for understanding the flaws in previous research that led Hanson and Bussiere to conclude that sexual recidivism was correlated with “sexual interest in children as measured by phallometric assessment.” The credibility of mental health professionals rests on the reliability of their research. Conducting, publishing, and citing research that reflects adequate sampling and cautious diagnostic theorizing are critical for preserving this credibility. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Performance and Coking Behavior of a Submicron HZSM‐5 Zeolite in Ethanol Dehydration
Authors: Wang Fei , Luo Man , Xiao Wende
Published: July 2011

The catalytic performance and coking behavior of a submicron ZSM‐5 zeolite in dehydration of ethanol to ethylene were investigated by means of low temperature nitrogen adsorption, thermal gravimetric analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The submicron catalyst showed higher activity than the micron one due to more mesopores and more strong acid sites. As the reaction temperature increased, ethanol conversion increased over the submicron catalyst, while ethylene selectivity went through a maximum. The selectivities of propylene and butylene increased with increasing reaction temperature, and they decreased with time on stream at constant temperature. The coke deposits can be divided into coke precursor and hard coke, which were attributed to polyalkylbenzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively; and increasing reaction temperature can accelerate the transformation of coke precursor into hard coke. A precoking pretreatment method was verified very effective for improving the catalyst stability.
Comprehensive Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the CF3H Fire‐extinguishing Mechanism
Authors: Zhou Xiaomeng , Zhou Biao
Published: July 2011

In order to clarify the chemical suppression mechanisms of CF3H, experimental and theoretical studies were conducted respectively in this paper. Firstly, the combustion species in low pressure laminar premixed flat methane flames with CF3H addition is measured by synchrotron radiation molecular beam mass spectrometry (SR‐MBMS) experimentally. Fire suppression chemistry of CF3H is investigated by selective detection of combustion radicals and intermediates in experimental process. Secondly, quantum chemistry calculations are performed to calculate the potential energy surfaces (PES) for the CF3H unimolecular dissociation reaction and reactions of CF3H with free radical OH and H at the B3LYP/6‐311++G** and QCISD(T)/6‐311++G** levels. Finally, the chemical suppression mechanism of CF3H was discussed by comparing the theoretical calculation with experimental measurement.