bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmentative and alternative communication: Relevance for physiotherapists
Authors: Rose J. , Alante E.
Published: May 2019

Communication is one of the critical components in determining quality of life of individuals and families. All members of the transdisciplinary rehabilitation team therefore need to develop the knowledge and skills to communicate effectively with clients with little or no speech. This involves creating opportunities for communicative interaction and facilitation of functional communication. The field of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) provides strategies and techniques which facilitate the interaction process and is applicable to a wide range of medical conditions which may impact on the functionality and intelligibility of speech. These strategies are classified either as aided or unaided. The role of the physiotherapist in AAC assessment and intervention is explored in the context of transdisciplinary teamwork. The importance of exposing students to AAC as part of the undergraduate and postgraduate training programs for physiotherapists is discussed.
The visual perception and attractiveness of maxillary central incisor abrasion as evaluated via eye-tracking
Authors: Trevisan Cássio , Pithon Matheus Melo , Meira Thiago Martins , Miyoshi Caio Seiti , Saga Armando Yukio , Tanaka Orlando Motohiro
Published: May 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the visual esthetic perceptions of dentistry students and laypeople with regard to abrasions of the maxillary incisor edges in a frontal smile analysis. Materials and Methods: Abrasions were analyzed through a series of edited frontal photographs, at increments of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 mm, in two subjects (one male and one female, respectively). Raters were dentistry students and laypeople. To obtain ocular tracing data, two software programs Ogama and The Eye Tribe Tracker® were used together, which allowed us to visualize ocular movement in certain areas of interest. Specifically, the images were visualized by 30 dentistry students and 30 laypeople. Heat maps and scan paths were generated by the software programs to assess the main regions of ocular fixation. Results: According to the analyzed images, the larger the area of abrasion, the greater the visualization at that point. Small differences were observed in both groups; however, the students showed a higher concentration of attention in the region of abrasions as compared with the laypeople. Conclusions: There were differences between the groups. Dentistry students maintained their focus for most of the time in the region or near the region of abrasions, while laypeople largely diverged their gaze to other areas and allocated significant visual attention when they observed larger abrasions.
Isomorphism of weighted trees and Stanley's isomorphism conjecture for caterpillars
Authors: Loebl Martin , Sereni Jean-Sébastien
Published: May 2019

This paper contributes to a programme initiated by the first author: "How much information about a graph is revealed in its Potts partition function?“ We show that the

W

-polynomial distinguishes non-isomorphic weighted trees of a
good
family. The framework developed to do so also allows us to show that the

W

-polynomial distinguishes non-isomorphic caterpillars. This establishes Stanley's conjecture for caterpillars, an extensively studied problem.
Linguistic matrix theory
Authors: Kartsaklis Dimitrios , Ramgoolam Sanjaye , Sadrzadeh Mehrnoosh
Published: May 2019

Recent research in computational linguistics has developed algorithms which associate matrices with adjectives and verbs, based on the distribution of words in a corpus of text. These matrices are linear operators on a vector space of context words. They are used to construct meaning representations for composite expressions from that of the elementary constituents, forming part of a compositional distributional approach to semantics. We propose a Matrix Theory approach to this data, based on permutation symmetry along with Gaussian weights and their perturbations. A simple Gaussian model is tested against word matrices created from a large corpus of text. We characterize the cubic and quartic departures from the model, which we propose, alongside the Gaussian parameters, as signatures for comparison of linguistic corpora. We propose that perturbed Gaussian models with permutation symmetry provide a promising framework for characterizing the nature of universality in the statistical properties of word matrices. The matrix theory framework developed here exploits the view of statistics as zero dimensional perturbative quantum field theory. It perceives language as a physical system realizing a universality class of matrix statistics characterized by permutation symmetry.
On semistability of CAT(0) groups
Authors: Geoghegan Ross , Swenson Eric
Published: May 2019

Does every one-ended CAT(0) group have semistable fundamental group at infinity? As we write, this is an open question. Let

G

be such a group acting geometrically on the proper CAT(0) space

X

. In this paper we show that in order to establish a positive answer to the question it is only necessary to check that any two geodesic rays in

X

are properly homotopic. We then show that if the answer to the question is negative, with

(G, X)

a counter-example, then the boundary of

X, \partial X

with the cone topology, must have a weak cut point. This is of interest because a theorem of Papasoglu and the second-named author [10] has established that there cannot be an example of

(G, X)

where

\partial X

has a cut point. Thus, the search for a negative answer comes down to the difference between cut points and weak cut points. We also show that the Tits ball of radius

\frac{\pi}{2}

about that weak cut point is a “cut set” in the sense that it separates

\partial X

. Finally, we observe that if a negative example

(G, X)

exists then

G

is rank 1.
Distortion in groups of affine interval exchange transformations
Authors: Guelman Nancy , Liousse Isabelle
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we study distortion in the group

\mathcal A

of affine interval exchange transformations (AIET). We prove that any distorted element

f

of

\mathcal A

has an iterate

f^k

that is conjugate by an element of

\mathcal A

to a product of infinite order restricted rotations, with pairwise disjoint supports. As consequences, we prove that no Baumslag–Solitar group, BS

(m,n)

with

\vert m \vert \neq \vert n \vert

, acts faithfully by elements of

\mathcal A

; every finitely generated nilpotent group of

\mathcal A

is virtually abelian and there is no distortion element in

\mathcal A_{\mathbb Q}

, the subgroup of

\mathcal A

consisting of rational AIETs.
A four point characterisation for coarse median spaces
Authors: Niblo Graham A. , Wright Nick , Zhang Jiawen
Published: May 2019

Coarse median spaces simultaneously generalise the classes of hyperbolic spaces and median algebras, and arise naturally in the study of the mapping class groups and many other contexts. Their definition as originally conceived by Bowditch requires median approximations for all finite subsets of the space. Here we provide a simplification of the definition in the form of a 4-point condition analogous to Gromov’s 4-point condition defining hyperbolicity. We give an intrinsic characterisation of rank in terms of the coarse median operator and use this to give a direct proof that rank 1 geodesic coarse median spaces are

\delta

-hyperbolic, bypassing Bowditch’s use of asymptotic cones. A key ingredient of the proof is a new definition of intervals in coarse median spaces and an analysis of their interaction with geodesics.
Risk Factors for Household Vector Abundance Using Indoor CDC Light Traps in a High Malaria Transmission Area of Northern Zambia
Authors: Hast Marisa A. , Stevenson Jennifer C. , Muleba Mbanga , Chaponda Mike , Kabuya Jean-Bertin , Mulenga Modest , Lessler Justin , Shields Timothy , Moss William J. , Norris Douglas E. , _ _
Published: May 2019

Malaria transmission is dependent on the density and distribution of mosquito vectors, but drivers of vector abundance have not been adequately studied across a range of transmission settings. To inform intervention strategies for high-burden areas, further investigation is needed to identify predictors of vector abundance. Active household (HH) surveillance was conducted in Nchelenge district, Luapula Province, northern Zambia, a high-transmission setting with limited impact of malaria control. Between April 2012 and July 2017, mosquitoes were collected indoors during HH visits using CDC light traps. Demographic, environmental, and climatological correlates of vector abundance were identified using log-binomial regression models with robust standard errors. The primary malaria vectors in this setting were Anopheles funestus sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anopheles gambiae s.s. Anopheles funestus predominated in both seasons, with a peak in the dry season. Anopheles gambiae peaked at lower numbers in the rainy season. Environmental, climatic, and demographic factors were correlated with HH vector abundance. Higher vector counts were found in rural areas with low population density and among HHs close to roads and small streams. Vector counts were lower with increasing elevation and slope. Anopheles funestus was negatively associated with rainfall at lags of 2–6 weeks, and An. gambiae was positively associated with rainfall at lags of 3–10 weeks. Both vectors had varying relationships with temperature. These results suggest that malaria vector control in Nchelenge district should occur throughout the year, with an increased focus on dry-season transmission and rural areas.
Indústria de celulose e o avanço da silvicultura do eucalipto na fronteira agrícola da Amazônia maranhense
Authors: Oliveira Allison Bezerra
Published: May 2019

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o processo recente de avanço da silvicultura do eucalipto na fronteira agrícola da Amazônia Legal maranhense. Considera-se a reprodução de modelos históricos de apropriação e mercantilização da área por grandes projetos econômicos minero-agro-exportadores, em especial, o aumento de áreas de plantio de eucalipto decorrente da implantação de unidade fabril da Suzano Papel e Celulose no município de Imperatriz, estado do Maranhão, em 2009. Quanto à metodologia, além de produção cartográfica e mapeamento da cadeia produtiva de papel e celulose e sua dinâmica no Maranhão, são apresentados dados relativos à evolução da monocultura do eucalipto. Os dados obtidos reiteram a compreensão sobre os impactos de grandes empreendimentos agroextrativistas na Amazônia, voltados para a produção de commodities de exportação a partir da pilhagem irrestrita de recursos naturais com pouco retorno socioeconômico local.
Produtor familiar x Agronegócio canavieiro: impactos do cultivo da cana na produção do bicho da seda em Mirante do Paranapanema-SP
Authors: Arana Alba Regina Azevedo , Uliana Maíra Rodrigues , Evangelista Cintia Ramos Lopes
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os desafios do produtor rural familiar hoje especialmente em regiões dominadas pelo agronegócio canavieiro. O trabalho traz as consequências ambientais do cultivo da cana na região do Pontal do Paranapanema, discutindo a prática da pulverização aérea nos canaviais, utilizadas pelas agroindústrias. Foi realizado o trabalho de campo junto aos produtores familiares de “São Bento III” em Mirante do Paranapanema, de maio a junho de 2016, a coleta de dados se deu através de questionários e entrevistas (relatos orais). A pesquisa de campo possibilitou notar que a chegada das unidades canavieiras para o Pontal do Paranapanema também tem trazido uma série de problemas para cidades/municípios da região e para a população em geral. Entre os quais, podem ser mencionados os impactos na saúde pública dos municípios, efeitos no meio ambiente em especial destacamos a morte das amoreiras no entorno do cultivo da cana e por consequência do cultivo do bicho da seda.
Process-based flood frequency analysis in an agricultural watershed exhibiting nonstationary flood seasonality
Authors: Yu Guo , Wright Daniel B. , Zhu Zhihua , Smith Cassia , Holman Kathleen D.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Floods are the product of complex interactions among processes including
precipitation, soil moisture, and watershed morphology. Conventional flood
frequency analysis (FFA) methods such as design storms and discharge-based
statistical methods offer few insights into these process interactions and
how they “shape” the probability distributions of floods. Understanding and
projecting flood frequency in conditions of nonstationary hydroclimate and
land use require deeper understanding of these processes, some or all of
which may be changing in ways that will be undersampled in observational
records. This study presents an alternative “process-based” FFA approach
that uses stochastic storm transposition to generate large numbers of
realistic rainstorm “scenarios” based on relatively short rainfall remote
sensing records. Long-term continuous hydrologic model simulations are used
to derive seasonally varying distributions of watershed antecedent
conditions. We couple rainstorm scenarios with seasonally appropriate
antecedent conditions to simulate flood frequency. The methodology is applied
to the 4002 km2 Turkey River watershed in the Midwestern United States,
which is undergoing significant climatic and hydrologic change. We show that,
using only 15 years of rainfall records, our methodology can produce accurate
estimates of “present-day” flood frequency. We found that shifts in the
seasonality of soil moisture, snow, and extreme rainfall in the Turkey River
exert important controls on flood frequency. We also demonstrate that
process-based techniques may be prone to errors due to inadequate
representation of specific seasonal processes within hydrologic models. If
such mistakes are avoided, however, process-based approaches can provide a
useful pathway toward understanding current and future flood frequency in
nonstationary conditions and thus be valuable for supplementing existing FFA
practices.
Past and future response of Greenland's tidewater glaciers to submarine melting
Authors: Slater Donald , Straneo Fiamma , Felikson Denis , Little Chris , Goelzer Heiko , Fettweis Xavier , Holte James
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The effect of the North Atlantic Ocean on the Greenland Ice Sheet through submarine melting of Greenland's tidewater glacier calving fronts is thought to be a key driver of widespread glacier retreat, dynamic mass loss and sea level contribution from the ice sheet. Despite its critical importance, problems of process complexity and scale hinder efforts to represent the influence of submarine melting in ice sheet-scale models. Here we propose parameterizing tidewater glacier terminus position as a simple linear function of submarine melting, with submarine melting in turn estimated as a function of subglacial runoff and ocean temperature. The relationship is tested, calibrated and validated using datasets of terminus position, runoff and ocean temperature covering the full ice sheet and surrounding ocean from the period 1960–present. We demonstrate a statistically significant link between multi-decadal tidewater glacier terminus position and submarine melting and show that the proposed parameterisation has predictive power when considering a population of glaciers. An illustrative 21st century projection is considered suggesting that tidewater glaciers in Greenland will undergo little further retreat in a low emissions RCP2.6 scenario. In contrast, a high emissions RCP8.5 scenario results in a median retreat of ∼6 km, with 35 % of glaciers experiencing retreat exceeding 10 km. Our study provides a long-term and ice sheet-wide assessment of the sensitivity of tidewater glaciers to submarine melting and proposes a practical and empirically validated means of incorporating ocean forcing into models of the Greenland ice sheet.
Robustness and Ethanol Production of Industrial Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Different Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysates
Authors: Teixeira Vanessa S. , Azambuja Suéllen P. H. , Carvalho Priscila H. , Costa Fátima A. A. , Kitaka Patricia R. , Stekelgerb Claudia , Andrietta Silvio R. , Andrietta Maria G. S. , Goldbeck Rosana
Published: May 2019

Sugarcane bagasse is one of the main lignocellulosic raw materials used for the production of second-generation ethanol. Technological studies on fermentation processes have focused on the search for and development of more robust microorganisms that are able to produce bioethanol efficiently and are resistant to the main fermentation inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the robustness and ethanol production of industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using acid, alkaline, and enzymatic sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates. Hydrolysis was carried out to release fermentable sugars from sugarcane bagasse. Fermentations were performed in shake flasks containing sugarcane hydrolysates supplemented with 150 g L−1 glucose to evaluate the kinetic parameters of the reaction. Inhibitor tolerance was evaluated by incubating cells with different concentrations of inhibitors in 96-well plates. The biomass yield on substrate, ethanol yield on substrate, and ethanol productivity of the six strains were higher in 0.5% acid, 0.5% alkaline, and enzymatic hydrolysates (i.e., under milder conditions). The SA-1 (Santa Adélia-1) strain had a better performance in comparison with the other strains for its ability to produce ethanol in a very severe condition (7% acid hydrolysis) and for its robustness in growing at several inhibitor concentrations.
Proposal for Saudi Universities Governance in the Light of Principles of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Authors: Alsharif Talal A.
Published: May 2019

The current study aimed at identifying the indicators of practicing governance in Saudi universities in the light of the principles of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). It also underlined the challenges facing governance practice and introduced a proposal for governance principles in Saudi universities. Descriptive approach utilized and a questionnaire applied to a random stratified sample consisting of 113 Deans from various Saudi universities. Results indicated that the indicators of practicing governance in Saudi universities in the light of (OECD) principles are (medium). Challenges facing the practice of governance in Saudi universities obtained a high degree. Education experts agree on the appropriateness of the proposed principles for university governance by 99%. The study recommended the necessity of activating the practice of governance principles in various activities and processes of universities.
Registro de tentativa de suicídio no Distrito Federal: uma realidade subnotificada
Authors: De Baére Felipe
Published: May 2019

A notificação da tentativa de suicídio no Brasil é compulsória. Por se tratar de uma forma de violência, o registro das tentativas deve ser feito nas Fichas de Notificação de Violência Interpessoal/Autoprovocada. Contudo, identifica-se ampla subnotificação de casos, também devido ao não preenchimento desses documentos. Como os serviços de emergência hospitalar costumam receber pacientes suicidas, o presente artigo teve como escopo comparar o número de casos atendidos e registrados de tentativas de autoextermínio durante o período de quatro meses em um hospital terciário do Plano Piloto, em Brasília, com os dados de todas as tentativas de suicídio do Distrito Federal registradas nos anos 2014 e 2015. O resultado demonstra consistente subnotificação a partir dos dados presentes no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), no qual são armazenados os conteúdos das Fichas de Notificação de Violência Interpessoal/Autoprovocada, e serve de alerta para que seja reforçada a compreensão sobre a importância do preenchimento das fichas, por parte das pessoas que acompanham a demanda, e sua posterior inclusão no SINAN.
Habilidades Sociais e Violência Contra a Mulher por Parceiro Íntimo: Um estudo teórico
Authors: Cardoso Bruno Luiz Avelino , Costa Nazaré
Published: May 2019

A permanência da mulher em uma relação violenta está relacionada a uma série de prejuízos físicos e psicológicos. Muitos dados sobre a ocorrência desse fenômeno ainda se encontram ocultos, o que dificulta a compreensão das dimensões dos danos que são causados aos envolvidos na situação. Os possíveis déficits em habilidades sociais (HS) da mulher em denunciar os comportamentos abusivos ou mesmo findar relacionamentos que persistem com agressões, podem dificultar o mapeamento desse tipo de relação. Este estudo tem por objetivo propor uma interface teórica entre a bibliografia sobre violência contra a mulher por parceiro íntimo e HS. Considera-se que o uso de HS se contrapõe aos comportamentos agressivos na relação, facilitam o uso de estratégias de resolução de conflitos, auxiliam no manejo da raiva e favorecem relacionamentos satisfatórios e competentes socialmente. Contudo, a permanência da mulher na relação violenta indica desequilíbrio nas dimensões da competência social. Assim, o treinamento em HS constitui-se como ferramenta para promoção e prevenção da saúde das mulheres e as habilidades podem ser aprendidas para auxiliar a mulher na tomada de decisões quanto ao relacionamento.
A noção de “pensamento operatório” de Pierre Marty: marcas distintivas e referências freudianas
Authors: Peres Rodrigo Sanches , Caropreso Fátima Siqueira , Mello Dagmar Almeida Silva de
Published: May 2019

Pierre Marty (1918-1993) se destacou como o principal expoente da chamada Escola Psicossomática de Paris, a qual desenvolveu, com base em pressupostos psicanalíticos, um inovador modelo teórico sobre a interface mente-corpo. Segundo o relato do próprio autor, suas formulações se basearam nas concepções freudianas sobre a organização mental. Entretanto, nos meios psicanalíticos mais tradicionais, ainda se observam resistências à teorização de Marty e suas implicações clínicas, muitas vezes em virtude de um conhecimento pouco aprofundado sobre suas ideias ou sobre a matriz epistemológica da Escola Psicossomática de Paris. O presente artigo tem como objetivo delinear as marcas distintivas do pensamento operatório descrito por Marty e colaboradores e estabelecer algumas aproximações com hipóteses freudianas que podem ser apontadas como referências para a criação de tal noção. Buscamos discutir em que medida é possível afirmar que Marty e colaboradores desenvolveram intuições de Freud sobre o funcionamento mental e a relação entre o psíquico e o corporal.
A foreign body (a fish bone) in the esophagus translocating into soft tissues of the neck – a case report
Authors: Licznerska-Kreczko Magda , Kuczkowski Jerzy , Nowicki Tomasz , Świerblewski Maciej , Skorek Andrzej
Published: May 2019

Background:
Patients with foreign bodies in upper digestive tract not infrequently trigger many diagnostic and treatment challenges, especially when foreign bodies translocate and are lodged outside the esophagus.

Case report:
We present a case of a foreign body in esophagus 56-years old woman who had developed persistent sensation of an obstacle in her throat after eating fish (Atlantic cod). She has initially dismissed her symptoms and refused medical treatment. Subsequently, a neck CT done one week later showed a 20-milimeter long fish bone in the soft tissues on the left side of her neck (between pharynx and vertebral column). Few attempts of endoscopic removal were unsuccessful. Despite antibiotic prophylaxis and due to the fish bone translocation into soft tissues of the neck and its location close to a common carotid artery and an internal jugular vein a decision was made to remove it from the external approach. The foreign body was successfully removed without any esophageal damages.

Conclusions:
Foreign bodies in digestive tract may result in many life-threatening complications. The fundamental management is based on the endoscopic removal of a foreign body and the antibiotic prophylaxis. In case of foreign bodies lodged in soft tissues open surgery is recommended.

Key words:
foreign body in the esophagus; fish bone; paraesophageal abscess ; treatment
A normatização do AEE na educação infantil municipal de Niterói
Authors: Santos Fernanda Viannay Siqueira dos , Queiroz Paulo Pires de
Published: May 2019

Este artigo apresenta parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado da Universidade Federal Fluminense, que teve como objetivo identificar o ciclo de políticas públicas do Atendimento Educacional Especializado – AEE no munícipio de Niterói. Assim como analisar a maneira como tais políticas em favor das crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais, menores de seis anos, tem se materializado nesse sistema municipal de ensino. A apuração dos dados reunidos acerca do contexto histórico-social que compõe a fundamentação teórica desta investigação, adicionada às entrevistas realizadas com os professores e gestores que evidenciam o contexto da prática e mais as análises dos documentos oficiais que imprimem o contexto das normas, compuseram a triangulação de dados realizada à luz do “ciclo de políticas”, proposto por Ball e Bower (1992). No estudo, o recurso empregado expôs por meio dos objetivos alcançados, o imperativo de praticar a política proposta (Oficial) como a política de fato e a necessidade de ressignificar a política em uso (práticas de campo) pelos profissionais responsáveis pela implementação da Lei ou da política, fortalecendo o ensino inclusivo na educação infantil da rede municipal de Niterói através do Atendimento Educacional Especializado.
Pain management in intensive care unit patients after cardiac surgery with sternotomy approach
Authors: Vilīte Baiba , Strīķe Eva , Rutka Katrīna , Leibuss Roberts
Published: May 2019

Background. Postoperative pain is a common problem among intensive care patients. Pain management includes pain assessment and documentation, patient care, and pharmacological treatment. Materials and methods. The study used a prospective, cross-sectional design. Nineteen intensive care nurses and 72 intensive care patients after cardiac surgery with sternotomy approach were studied. Toronto Pain Management Inventory was used to assess nurses and the 2010 Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire was used to assess the patients. A research protocol was used to document pharmacological treatment data and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain measurements. The pharmacological therapy data was available for 72 patients, but patient satisfaction measurements were acquired from 52 patients. Results. Postoperative pain for intensive care patients after cardiac surgery is mostly mild (68.66%). Pain intensity had a tendency to decrease over time, from a mean VAS score of 4.66 two hours after extubation to a mean VAS score of 3.12 twelve hours after extubation. Mostly opioids (100%) and nonsteroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, 77.8%) were used for pharmacological treatment, and treatment was adjusted according to pain levels and patient needs. Patient satisfaction regarding pain management in the first 24 hours after surgery was high (94.2%), even though the nurses’ pain knowledge was average (X = 60.6 ± 7.3%). Conclusions. An individualized pain management plan requires pain documentation and ensures high patient satisfaction. Pain levels after cardiac surgery with sternotomy approach are mostly mild and patient satisfaction is high.
Matemática, filosofía y pensamiento simbólico en Leibniz
Authors: Viñuela Villa Pedro Aurelio
Published: May 2019

La filosofía debe ceñirse para Leibniz al ideal de ciencia formal que encarna la matemática para poder entrar en “el camino seguro de la ciencia”. En el presente artículo, por tanto, se examinan algunas de las principales ideas de Leibniz sobre el método de la filosofía en comparación con el de la matemática a la luz de su doctrina de la cognitio symbolica y la forma que propone para instaurar en filosofía el formalismo y la infalibilidad de la mathesis. Se extraen, por último, algunas conclusiones sobre la índole del conocimiento filosófico y matemático desde la perspectiva de Leibniz.
La aporofobia como desafío antropológico. De la lógica de la cooperación a la lógica del reconocimiento
Authors: Ortega Esquembre César
Published: May 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es poner en relación el núcleo crítico de la última obra de Adela Cortina, Aporofobia, que puede ser resumido como una protesta contra los límites del paradigma de la cooperación y la reciprocidad, con algunos elementos aparecidos en obras anteriores de la autora. Para ello expondré primero algunos límites y virtualidades del paradigma  de la reciprocidad. Tras bosquejar el núcleo de la obra Aporofobia, deteniéndome en los lugares en que este problema se hace más patente, terminaré rastreando algunos lugares anteriores en los que la autora anticipaba ya, desde una óptica diferente, esta misma crítica.
SANMARTÍN ESPLUGUES, J. & GUTIÉRREZ LOMBARDO, R. (Editores) (2017): Técnica y ser humano. México: Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano.
Authors: Esteve Martín Alfredo
Published: May 2019

Reseña del libro: SANMARTÍN ESPLUGUES, J. y GUTIÉRREZ LOMBARDO, R. (Editores) (2017). Técnica y ser humano. México: Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano.
OPTIMALNO UPRAVLJANJE INTEGRISANIM PROMJENAMA PRIMJENOM TEHNOLOGIJE MATEMATIČKOG MODELIRANJA
Authors: Šušić Milan
Published: May 2019

Danas, organizaciono-poslovni sistemi i procesi, tehničko-tehnološki sistemi, biološkisistemi i drugi sistemi koji se odvijaju u dinamičnim uslovima i intezivnim promjenama,izloženi su svakodnevnim problemima koje nazivamo promjene.Promjena je opšta pojava koja prati sve vrste sistema od njihovog nastanka pa do samognestanka. U prošlosti brzina i intenzitet promjena su imali znatno manju numeričkuvrijednost, a u današnjem vremenu promjene su znatno brže i intenzivnije. U sadašnjevrijeme u novim okolnostima potrebno je naći rješenje kako optimalno upravljati sistemima iprocesima.Potrebno je projektovati Model upravljanja promjenama tako da se sistem prilagođavapromjenama u okruženju koji će biti dovoljno efikasan i efektivan tj. optimalan. Optimalnokibernetsko upravljanje promjenama podrazumijeva da je sistem proaktivan i da on u nekomstepenu vrši uticaj na okruženje. To podrazumijeva da sistemi ne mogu biti samo adaptivni,već moraju imati praktivni razvojni karakter.Cilj rada je, ukazati na moguće optimalno upravljati integrisanim promjenamaprimjenom tehnologije matematičkog modeliranja, kao i upoznavanje zainteresovanih stranasa istraživačkim rezultatima. U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja vezani za problemupravljanja razvojnim sistemima i procesima, a naglasak je stavljen na optimalnoprivređivanje, novu ekonomiju (ekonomija optimum) i nove tehnologije i tehnološke procesekoji nas vode ka optimalnim rješenjima.
NEOPHODNOST DEKONSTITUCIONALIZACIJE VIJEĆA NARODA REPUBLIKE SRPSKE
Authors: Blagojević Milan
Published: May 2019

U zemljama koje imaju ustav u formalnom smislu može se do određene granicerazumjeti i tolerisati potreba političkih aktera da u svakodnevnoj međusobnoj političkoj borbislovo važećeg ustava tumače onako kako to odgovara njihovim trenutnim političkiminteresima, makar za to tumačenje i ne bilo ustavnog uporišta. Takvo razumijevanje itolerisanje je prihvatljivo, jer u krajnjem mišljenje ma kog od tih aktera pravno ne obavezuje.Međutim, kada to učini sud koji u sudskoj hijerarhiji zauzima najviše mjesto, takva pojavapredstavlja istinsku opasnost za društvo i državu. Upravo to pitanje predstavlja predmet ovograda, s obzirom na to da je način odlučivanja Ustavnog suda Bosne i Hercegovine u jednompredmetu iz 2000. godine (o tzv. konstitutivnosti naroda u BiH) razotkrio spremnostnekolicine sudija tog suda da svoju funkciju stave u službu ostvarenja određenih političkihinteresa. Na taj način je, suprotno Ustavu Bosne i Hercegovine, stvorena institucija Vijećanaroda Republike Srpske. S obzirom na ove činjenice, postoji neophodnostdekonstitucionalizacije takve institucije, zbog čega je u radu dat i prijedlog kako da se toučini.
Dissociable laminar profiles of concurrent bottom-up and top-down modulation in the human visual cortex
Authors: Lawrence Samuel JD , Norris David G , de Lange Floris P
Published: May 2019

Recent developments in human neuroimaging make it possible to non-invasively measure neural activity from different cortical layers. This can potentially reveal not only which brain areas are engaged by a task, but also how. Specifically, bottom-up and top-down responses are associated with distinct laminar profiles. Here, we measured lamina-resolved fMRI responses during a visual task designed to induce concurrent bottom-up and top-down modulations via orthogonal manipulations of stimulus contrast and feature-based attention. BOLD responses were modulated by both stimulus contrast (bottom-up) and by engaging feature-based attention (top-down). Crucially, these effects operated at different cortical depths: Bottom-up modulations were strongest in the middle cortical layer and weaker in deep and superficial layers, while top-down modulations were strongest in the superficial layers. As such, we demonstrate that laminar activity profiles can discriminate between concurrent top-down and bottom-up processing, and are diagnostic of how a brain region is activated.
Computational 3D histological phenotyping of whole zebrafish by X-ray histotomography
Authors: Ding Yifu , Vanselow Daniel J , Yakovlev Maksim A , Katz Spencer R , Lin Alex Y , Clark Darin P , Vargas Phillip , Xin Xuying , Copper Jean E , Canfield Victor A , Ang Khai C , Wang Yuxin , Xiao Xianghui , De Carlo Francesco , van Rossum Damian B , La Riviere Patrick , Cheng Keith C
Published: May 2019

Organismal phenotypes frequently involve multiple organ systems. Histology is a powerful way to detect cellular and tissue phenotypes, but is largely descriptive and subjective. To determine how synchrotron-based X-ray micro-tomography (micro-CT) can yield 3-dimensional whole-organism images suitable for quantitative histological phenotyping, we scanned whole zebrafish, a small vertebrate model with diverse tissues, at ~1 micron voxel resolutions. Micro-CT optimized for cellular characterization (histotomography) allows brain nuclei to be computationally segmented and assigned to brain regions, and cell shapes and volumes to be computed for motor neurons and red blood cells. Striking individual phenotypic variation was apparent from color maps of computed densities of brain nuclei. Unlike histology, the histotomography also allows the study of 3-dimensional structures of millimeter scale that cross multiple tissue planes. We expect the computational and visual insights into 3D cell and tissue architecture provided by histotomography to be useful for reference atlases, hypothesis generation, comprehensive organismal screens, and diagnostics.
Cortical modulation of pupillary function: systematic review
Authors: Peinkhofer Costanza , Knudsen Gitte M. , Moretti Rita , Kondziella Daniel
Published: May 2019

Background

The pupillary light reflex is the main mechanism that regulates the pupillary diameter; it is controlled by the autonomic system and mediated by subcortical pathways. In addition, cognitive and emotional processes influence pupillary function due to input from cortical innervation, but the exact circuits remain poorly understood. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the mechanisms behind pupillary changes associated with cognitive efforts and processing of emotions and to investigate the cerebral areas involved in cortical modulation of the pupillary light reflex.

Methodology

We searched multiple databases until November 2018 for studies on cortical modulation of pupillary function in humans and non-human primates. Of 8,809 papers screened, 258 studies were included.

Results

Most investigators focused on pupillary dilatation and/or constriction as an index of cognitive and emotional processing, evaluating how changes in pupillary diameter reflect levels of attention and arousal. Only few tried to correlate specific cerebral areas to pupillary changes, using either cortical activation models (employing micro-stimulation of cortical structures in non-human primates) or cortical lesion models (e.g., investigating patients with stroke and damage to salient cortical and/or subcortical areas). Results suggest the involvement of several cortical regions, including the insular cortex (Brodmann areas 13 and 16), the frontal eye field (Brodmann area 8) and the prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 11 and 25), and of subcortical structures such as the locus coeruleus and the superior colliculus.

Conclusions

Pupillary dilatation occurs with many kinds of mental or emotional processes, following sympathetic activation or parasympathetic inhibition. Conversely, pupillary constriction may occur with anticipation of a bright stimulus (even in its absence) and relies on a parasympathetic activation. All these reactions are controlled by subcortical and cortical structures that are directly or indirectly connected to the brainstem pupillary innervation system.
Effect of Transplanting Method and Gypsum Rate on Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Boro Rice in Saline Zone of Bangladesh
Authors: Ali M. I. , Rahman M. H. , Islam M. M. , Islam M. A.
Published: May 2019

Salinity intrusion causes problems in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Climate change creates hazards like cyclone, sea level rise, and storm surge have been increasing the salinity problem in many folds. The coastal region covers about 20% of the country; from where cultivable land more than 30%. Agricultural land uses in these areas are very poor, because of high content of salinity in Rabi season. Already, 830,000 million hectares of land already identified as affected by soil salinity. A field experiment was carried out at saline prone area at Binerpota, Satkhira under natural salinity condition during Rabi season 2017-2018. The experiment was carried out with rice variety Binadhan-10.This variety was evaluated under four transplanting methods i.e., M0: Control (No Slope/flat land), M1: Ridge and furrow (each furrow 30 cm wide accommodating 3 lines transplanting), M2: Ridge and furrow (each furrow 60 cm wide accommodating 5 lines transplanting) and four levels of gypsum with control G0: control, G1: 75 kg ha-1, G2: 150 kg ha-1 as basal and G3: 150 kg ha-1(75 kg ha-1 as basal +75 kg ha-1 42 DAT). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The unit plot size was 3 m x 4 m. The recommended fertilizer doses applied for the experiment were 80 kg N ha-1, 15 kg P ha-1, 50 kg K ha-1. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and zinc were supplied from urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and zinc sulphate monohydrate respectively while urea was applied in three equal splits. Application of gypsum had significant effect on plant height, number of effective tiller m-2, length of panicle, total number of spikelets panicle-1, thousand grain weight, number of filled spikelets panicle-1, grain yield straw yield. It seems that the crop responded to the application of gypsum. Overall results suggest that an application of gypsum The highest grain yield (7.7 t ha-1) was produced in ridge and furrow method where gypsum rate was 150 kg ha-1 (75 kg ha-1  as basal + 75kg ha-1 at weeks after transplanting followed by (7.4 t ha-1) basal application of 150 kg ha-1 gypsum along with N, P, K, Zn and Boron might be necessary to ensure satisfactory yield of rice in saline prone area under natural salinity condition.
Prostitution and Gender Disparity in Arrests
Authors: Isom Yvonne
Published: May 2019

This entry explores gender disparities in prostitution arrests for both juveniles and adults. Utilizing data from the FBI's Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the National Incident‐Based Reporting System (NIBRS), patterns of arrest data are analyzed for overall arrest trends and gender differences. Findings reveal that female sex workers are arrested at much higher rates than their male counterparts with essentially no change in that gender difference over the past 20 years. Reasons for gender disparities in arrests for prostitution are discussed.
Mechanism and Applications of Electrical Stimulation Disturbance on Motoneuron Excitability Studied Using Flexible Intramuscular Electrode
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Wang Hao , Lee Chengkuo
Published: May 2019

Wearable and implantable devices are irreplaceable components in the modern healthcare system. Electrical stimulation on the nervous and neuromuscular system, as a way of therapeutic interventions, has been widely applied to people with neurological disorders and neuromuscular disabilities. The conventional way to study electrical stimulation on the skeletal muscle employs single‐channel wire electrodes, which have limited capability to explore the complicated motoneuron distribution in muscle tissue. Here, a microfabricated flexible multiple‐channel intramuscular electrode is presented, which enables the study of electrical stimulation using electrode sites of different spatial arrangements with respect to the motoneuron distribution. Observations are reported on slow disturbance on motoneuron excitability induced by large‐distance electrodes targeting at the end motor nerves, as well as fast disturbance induced by small‐distance electrodes targeting at the main motor nerve trunk. The phenomena of slow and fast disturbance have different potential applications in the field of neuromodulation. In the case of slow disturbance, force output is predictable and shows gradual change, which is suitable for accurately controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES). For fast disturbance, the disappearance of force output opens the possibility for muscle conduction block applications, which can be used for treatment of muscle sparsity by blocking the involuntary motor intentions.
Impact of a Mentorship Program on Medical Student Burnout
Authors: Jordan Jaime , Watcha Daena , Cassella Courtney , Kaji Amy H. , Trivedi Shefali
Published: May 2019

Background

Burnout can have negative consequences for providers’ health and patient care. Mentorship has positive effects including stress mitigation. We sought to evaluate the impact of a mentorship program on burnout in fourth‐year medical students during their 4‐week emergency medicine subinternship.

Methods

This was a prospective, quasi‐experimental, mixed‐methods study at two institutions. We assessed burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, comprising three subscales: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Personal Accomplishment (PA). We compared changes in burnout scores before and after implementation of a resident–student mentorship program. We compared categorical variables using risk ratios and continuous variables using Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. To account for potential confounders, we performed multivariable analysis. Students and mentors completed an evaluative survey. We reported descriptive statistics and performed thematic qualitative analysis on free‐response data.

Results

A total of 135 students (intervention = 51; control = 84) and 59 mentors participated. Intervention students demonstrated decreased EE and DP and increased PA scores, medians of –2 (–4 to 4), –1 (–3 to 2), and 1 (–1 to 4), respectively, compared to controls, median difference of 0 for all subscales. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was no significant difference in EE (mean difference = –0.2 [–0.5 to 0.2], p = 0.4) or DP scores (mean difference = –0.2 [–1.8 to 1.5], p = 0.9). There was a significant difference in PA scores (mean difference = 2.2 [0.1 to 4.3], p = 0.04). Most students felt the program positively impacted their rotation (39/48) and decreased stress (28/48). Students felt that the program provided career guidance and positively impacted their personal and professional development. The majority (34/37) of mentors enjoyed participating. Qualitative analysis revealed five major themes: relationship building, different perspective, knowledge sharing, personal fulfillment, and self‐reflection.

Conclusion

We found an increased sense of personal accomplishment after implementation of a mentorship program. Both mentors and mentees viewed the program positively and perceived multiple benefits.
Modeling of molecular weight and copolymer composition distributions for ethylene‐propylene solution copolymerization
Authors: Xu Chao‐Zhong , Wang Jia‐Jun , Gu Xue‐Ping , Feng Lian‐Fang
Published: May 2019

A comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to investigate spatial distributions of molecular weight distribution (MWD) and copolymer composition distribution (CCD) for ethylene‐propylene (EPM) copolymers in a bubble column reactor. The CFD approach incorporated Euler–Euler two‐fluid model, copolymerization kinetics, and copolymer microstructural distribution model together by user‐defined functions for ethylene‐propylene heterogeneous copolymerization process. MWD and CCD distributions were calculated by introducing Flory's distribution and Stockmayer's distribution, respectively. CFD model results were validated with literature data. The multiphase hydrodynamics, interphase mass transfer, spatial–temporal variations of MWD and CCD distributions were analyzed. Both distributions are wider at the inlet of reactor for the inefficient mixing, but narrower at the outlet due to fully developed flow and polymerization. This model is beneficial to the improvement of polymer products and process control in industrial EPM reactor.
Looking for the hidden mutation: Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome caused by constitutional and mosaic 10q23 microdeletions involving PTEN and BMPR1A
Authors: Golas Monika M. , Auber Bernd , Ripperger Tim , Pabst Brigitte , Schmidt Gunnar , Morlot Michel , Diebold Uta , Steinemann Doris , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Morlot Susanne
Published: May 2019

The PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is caused by heterozygous germline variants in PTEN. Here, we report two unrelated patients with juvenile polyposis, macrocephaly, intellectual disability, and hyperpigmented skin macules. Both patients were clinically suspected for the Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS), a PHTS subentity. By array‐CGH analysis, we identified an interstitial 10q23.1q23.3 deletion in a buccal mucosa sample of Patient 1 that encompassed PTEN, BMPR1A, and KLLN, among others. In contrast, neither sequencing nor array‐CGH analysis identified a pathogenic variant in PTEN or BMPR1A in a blood sample of Patient 2. However, in a surgical specimen of the thyroid gland high‐level mosaicism for a 10q23.2q23.3 deletion was observed. Additionally, the pathogenic PTEN variant c.956_959delCTTT p.(Thr319LysfsTer24) was detected in his thyroid tissue. The frame shift variant was neither detected in the patient's blood nor in his buccal mucosa sample. Low‐level mosaicism for the microdeletion was identified in a buccal swap sample, and reanalysis of the blood sample suggested marginal‐level mosaicism for deletion. The 10q23.2q23.3 deletion mosaicism was also identified in a subsequently resected colonic polyp. Thus, in both cases, the diagnosis of a 10q23 deletion syndrome, which clinically presented as BRRS, was established. Overall, the study expands the BRRS spectrum and highlights the relevance of considering mosaicism in PHTS. We conclude that in all patients with a clear clinical suspicion of PHTS, in which genetic analyses of DNA from blood and buccal swap samples fail to identify causative genetic variants, genetic analyses of additional tissues are recommended.