bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Transplantation Medications During Breastfeeding
Authors: Coady Noreen T.
Published: June 2007

Previously transplanted women have maintained successful pregnancies yet have been discouraged from breastfeeding. The American Academy of Pediatrics cautions against breastfeedingdue to documented presence of cyclosporine in breast milk and unknown long-term effects on nursinginf ants. Transplant centers, however, report mothers breastfeedingwith no measurable cyclosporine serum concentrations or untoward effects in their infants. Few data are available with regard to levels of other transplant medications in breast milk. Given the small number of published reports involvinglactatingw omen and relatively short follow-up of their infants, routine medication levels should be part of any screeningre gimen for such breastfed infants until further studies are available.
Public Perceptions on Breastfeeding Constraints
Authors: Li Ruowei , Fridinger Fred , Grummer-Strawn Laurence
Published: June 2007

To describe public perceptions on breastfeeding constraints, the authors studied the responses of 2369 US adults who participated in the Healthstyles 2000 national mail survey (response rate = 75%). Among them, 2351 answered at least 1 of the 12 breastfeeding items. Public perceptions were positive for 8 of the 12 items. Among the other 4, however, almost half of US adults (45%) agreed that a breastfeeding mother has to give up too many lifestyle habits, 31% thought that babies ought to be fed cereal or baby food by age 3 months, 31% said that 1-yearolds should not be breastfed, and 27% considered breastfeeding in public embarrassing. The results revealed more negative perceptions among non-whites, people under 30 or above 65 years, and those who had low income and less education. To promote and support breastfeeding in society as a whole, these messages need to be considered in planning and implementing breastfeeding interventions.
Increasing Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration at a Community Level: An Evaluation of Sagkeeng First Nation’s Community Health Nurse and Peer Counselor Programs
Authors: Martens Patricia J.
Published: June 2007

The effectiveness of two Sagkeeng First Nation breastfeeding initiatives—prenatal instruction by a community health nurse and a postpartum peer counselor (PC) program for breastfeeding women—was evaluated at a community level through chart audits (1992 to 1997, n = 283). Breastfeeding initiation rates increased from 38% in 1995 to 60% in 1997 (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-4.1, P= .01, adjusted for birth weight and parity). PC clients were half as likely to wean (RR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.25-0.98, P= .04, adjusted for birth weight and parity), with 61% still breastfeeding at 2 months (vs 48% nonclients) and 56% at 6 months (vs 19%). PC clients had fewer problems (median 1 vs 2, P= .044) and greater satisfaction with breastfeeding (median5vs 4, P= .07). Qualitative interviews (n = 22) confirmed PC clients as more satisfied and more confident about breastfeeding, with fewer problems and more information.
Delayed Lactogenesis II Secondary to Gestational Ovarian Theca Lutein Cysts in Two Normal Singleton Pregnancies
Authors: Hoover Kathleen L. , Barbalinardo Laurie H. , Platia Maria Pia
Published: June 2007

Hyperreactio luteinalis is an unusual condition in which, during pregnancy, both ovaries are enlarged by multiple theca lutein cysts that produce a high level of testosterone. Several weeks postpartum, the cysts resolve and testosterone level returns to normal. Two case studies are presented in which mothers with gestational ovarian theca lutein cysts experienced delayed lactogenesis II. The elevated testosterone at the time of birth suppressed milk production. Once the testosterone level dropped to approximately 300 ng/dL, milk production began. After the initial delay, both mothers breastfed their infants without supplementation.
Retail Politics: Local Sales Taxes and the Fiscalization of Land Use
Authors: Lewis Paul G.
Published: June 2007

Policy makers may view the local sales tax as an attractive alternative to the property tax. However, if sales tax revenues are awarded to the jurisdiction where the sale occurs, local budgets are tied to the fortunes of the retail sector. In California, use of the property tax has been greatly restricted, and the local sales tax is a key source of discretionary revenues for municipalities. During the period from 1971 to 1995, as the retail sector decentralized, central cities lost substantial ground to suburbs in per capita sales tax revenues. Moreover, a survey of city managers indicates that the quest for retail development and sales tax revenues is a prime motivation for land-use decisions. Although such “fiscalization” of land-use policy is unlikely to markedly affect retail location, the California evidence suggests that the property tax has comparative merits in its ability to create incentives for more balanced development.
Masculinities in “Safe” and “Embattled” Organizations
Authors: Dellinger Kirsten
Published: June 2007

While research shows that there are familiar forms of doing masculinity involving distancing from femininity/women or from subordinated/marginalized masculinities/men, there is less emphasis on the fact that the content of these masculine performances varies depending on the specific cultural norms and ideologies present in an organization. The author relies on a comparative case study using in-depth interviews and participant observation in the accounting departments at a heterosexual men’s pornographic magazine and at a feminist magazine to examine how organizational culture shapes the ways that men (and women)do masculinity at work. Both accounting departments support a general pattern of doing masculinity referred to as the business professional attitude, but men also utilize unique strategies of doing masculinity depending on the degree to which masculinity is “safe” or “embattled” at their workplace. The author concludes by discussing the consequences of these strategies for men’s and women’s work relationships.
Career Aspirations of Non-Managerial Women: Adjustment and Adaptation
Authors: Hite Linda M. , McDonald Kimberly S.
Published: June 2007

This study addresses career aspirations and planning among non-managerial women. Results indicate career goals often are adapted to meet other life circumstances ; and that family responsibilities, job security, and organizational support systems influence career success and satisfaction. Recommendations for organizationally based career initiatives focused on women in non-managerial positions are provided.
The Influence of Family, Social, and Work Socialization on the Construction of the Professional Identity of Young Adults
Authors: Cohen-Scali Valérie
Published: June 2007

The article examines the role of social and professional experiences undertaken by young adults in order to construct their Professional Identity. More particularly, two determining dimensions in this identity construction are studied. The first one concerns socialization for work which corresponds to social experience undergone in the family and in education from childhood. The second one concerns socialization by work which corresponds to professional experience undergone by young adults. The latter dimension is studied from a perspective which comprises two methods: direct integration and assisted integration in the world of work. This article ends by pinpointing the most significant characteristics of the contexts and experiences undergone by young adults in the construction of their Professional Identity, and by discussing what measures might be useful to accompany the school to work transition.
Enhancing Career Development Through the Career Success Club
Authors: Wessel Roger D. , Christian Nicholas T. , Hoff Alison K.
Published: June 2007

The career development of students, demonstrated by students performing appropriate career developmental tasks, is important to institutions of higher education because career developed students are more likely to have career objectives, persist in their academic goals, gain career-related work experience, find employment in their chosen fields, and graduate. The purpose of this study was to determine if the career development of students by class level had been enhanced by participation in a career management plan specifically prepared for undergraduates. The intervention of a career management plan (i.e., the Career Success Club) was successful, especially for seniors and middles, in enhancing the career development of undergraduates. Career management plans may help students that are academically undecided to become more connected to their majors by focusing more on academic and career matters.
Predicting Two Components of Career Maturity in School Based Adolescents
Authors: Creed Peter A. , Patton Wendy
Published: June 2007

Three hundred and sixty-seven secondary school students across five year levels (8-12) were assessed for levels of career maturity (attitude and knowledge), work commitment, work value, career decidedness (indecision and certainty), career decision-making self-efficacy and self-esteem, and indicated their age, gender, socioeconomic status, school achievement and work experience. Using two multiple regression analyses, the predictor variables were able to account for 52% of the variance of career maturity attitude, and account for 41% of the variance of career maturity knowledge. Self-efficacy, age, career decidedness (certainty) and work commitment were the main predictors of career maturity attitude. Age, gender, career decidedness (certainty), work commitment and career decidedness (indecision) were the main predictors of career maturity knowledge. Results demonstrated the importance of examining two aspects of career maturity (attitude and knowledge), and were discussed in the context of Super's (1957, 1990) theory of career development.
The Journey of the Counselor and Therapist: Research Findings and Perspectives on Professional Development
Authors: Rønnestad Michael H. , Skovholt Thomas M.
Published: June 2007

This article summarizes a reformulation of the main findings and perspectives from a cross-sectional and longitudinal qualitative study of the development of 100 counselors and therapists. The results are presented as a phase model and as a formulation of 14 themes of counselor/therapist development. The following six phases are described: The phases of the lay helper, the beginning student, the advanced student, the novice professional, the experienced professional, and the senior professional. The themes describe central processes of counselor/therapist development. The themes are addressing different issues such as shifts in attentional focus and emotional functioning, the importance of continuous reflection for professional growth, and a life-long personal/profession integration process. Sources of influence for professional functioning and development are described. The results show consistently that interpersonal experiences in the personal life domain (early family life
Multiple Factors in the Development of the Expert Counselor and Therapist
Authors: Jennings Len , Goh Michael , Skovholt Thomas M. , Hanson Matthew , Banerjee-Stevens Devjani
Published: June 2007

Expertise in counseling and therapy is both desirable and elusive. Increasing our knowledge about expertise in counseling and therapy enhances understanding of the role it plays in our profession. This understanding has the potential to improve the training of counselors and therapists. Yet expertise in counseling and therapy appears to be a multifaceted and dynamic concept needing further definition and description. In this article, we outline challenges faced trying to describe expertise in counseling and therapy and present research-based factors that contribute to developing expertise in counseling and therapy. Important factors include: experience, personal characteristics of the counselor and therapist, cultural competence, and comfort with ambiguity.
Refining the Map of the Counselor Development Journey: Response to Rønnestad and Skovholt
Authors: Goodyear Rodney K. , Wertheimer Amy , Cypers Scott , Rosemond Michelle
Published: June 2007

In this article, we respond to Rønnestad and Skovholt's reformulated counselor development model itself, then to some of its implications. With respect to the model: (a) although this version is more parsimonious than the original, we show that it could be more so; and (b) because the authors do not discuss determinants of psychotherapy as a career choice, we draw from existing literature to suggest some. With respect to the implications of the work, we note that: (a) trainee anxiety may not be as important as its prominence in their model suggests; (b) Rønnestad and Skovholt's finding that older practitioners turn to alternative sources (e.g., cinema; literature) to learn about human nature may be related to the consistent finding that practitioners are not research consumers; and (c) the importance Rønnestad and Skovholt attach that post-licensure supervision should be given more attention.
Biculturalism—Outsiders Within: The Career Development Experiences of Black Human Resource Developers
Authors: Barrett Ian C. , Cervero Ronald M. , Johnson-Bailey Juanita
Published: June 2007

Consistent with the career development issues that black* people encounter, it is likely that black human resource developers face unique career development issues versus human resource developers in general. However, an exhaustive search did not find research that has focused specifically on the career development process of black human resource development professionals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the career experiences of black human resource developers. A qualitative study was conducted of 10 black human resource developers. Interviewing was the primary data collection method and the data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. The results of this study indicate that the respondents experienced similar career challenges to other black workers. Based on the results, we posit that because of racial prejudice and discrimination, black human resource developers serve as outsiders within traditional work organizations and become skilled at using bicultural strategies for managing various aspects of their lives.
Development of the Student-Athlete Career Situation Inventory (SACSI)
Authors: Sandstedt Scott D. , Cox Richard H. , Martens Matthew P. , Ward D. Gant , Webber S. Nicole , Ivey Starla
Published: June 2007

Currently a sound and reliable measure of a student-athlete's career development does not exist. The purpose of this study was to develop a psychometrically sound instrument that measures the career situation of student-athletes. Participants for the study were 204 (138 male and 66 female) student-athletes from a large midwestern Division I university. A primary axis factor analysis using promax rotation revealed that five factors, named: Career Development Self-efficacy, Career versus Sport Identity, Locus of Control, Barriers to Career Development, and Sport to Work Relationship, accounted for 81.39% of the common variance in the data. The internal reliability of each factor of the Student-athlete Career Situation Inventory (SACSI) was established using Cronbach's alpha (.70 to .80). The criterion validity of the SACSI was investigated by regressing career experiences and gains on the five factors of the SACSI, resulting in significant squared multiple correlations (.17, .28).
Providing Career Counseling for Collegiate Student-Athletes: A Learning Theory Approach
Authors: Shurts W. Matthew , Shoffner Marie F.
Published: June 2007

Collegiate student-athletes present unique issues regarding career development. Career counselors who infuse the Learning Theory of Career Counseling (Krumboltz, 1996) into their work with collegiate student-athletes can help these clients learn new ways to explore career possibilities. By co-creating learning opportunities with student-athletes, counselors can help promote expansion of clients' interests, skills, beliefs, values, and personal qualities. Such growth can help members of this population deal with issues like identity foreclosure and social isolation en route to establishing a set of problem-solving and decision-making skills that will serve them well over the course of their lives.
Career Development and the Needs of Young College-Educated Females in Taiwan
Authors: Lien Bella Ya-Hui
Published: June 2007

This interpretive study examined the lived experiences of young college-educated Taiwanese women employed as clerical workers. Using hermeneutic phenomenology as the research methodology, the study explored the meanings of the participants' lived experiences. Systematic text analysis of the data revealed various experiences and expectations. Experience themes identified in the study were: (a) 'bored and busy'; and (b) 'disrespected and mistrusted'. Major expectation themes revealed are: (a) 'career dreams and aspirations'; and (b) 'desire for meaningful work'. The study emphasised the importance of career development education in young Taiwanese women. The experiences of Taiwanese female clerical workers as recorded in the study reflected a need for career development, which might provide insightful information for career development scholars and practitioners.
Spirituality as Integrality: A Rogerian Perspective on the Path of Healing
Authors: Malinski Violet M.
Published: June 2007

This article explores a view of spirituality as integrality within Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings. As such, spirituality is both a principle within the system as well as a manifestation of field process. As the latter, experiencing integrality suggests multidimensional awareness which has implications for health and healing of the unitary human/environmentalfield process. Barretts knowing participation in change and Scandrett-Hibdons theory of endogenous healing are explored briefly in relation to peoples participation in their own health and healing. This idea is then extended to environmental health and healing. Parallels between this view of integrality and Native American beliefs are examined, along with the interplay between spirituality and mysticism, with some closing suggestions for ways to actualize this awareness in everyday life.
Therapeutic Touch: Placebo Effect or Energetic Form of Communication
Authors: Straneva Jo Eckstein
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this paper is to consider whether Therapeutic Touch, a meditative healing technique, is a placebo or whether it is a form of communication with energetic or electrical properties. Both claims have been proposed by the techniques adherents. Peirces theory of signs and Wilbers epistemologically-oriented, new world paradigm were used as a framework for analyzing the merits of each premise. Therapeutic Touch is evaluated in terms of six elements of communication: the source, destination, channel, message, code and context. Comparisons are supported by rational argument and research findings.
Using Guided Imagery as a Primary Intervention in the Development of a Smoking Cessation Program
Authors: Wynd Christine A.
Published: June 2007

A formal smoking cessation program was developed using guided imagery as a primary intervention. Seventy-five participants attended seven program sessions that focused on imagery training, practice, and reinforcement. General educational materials concerning smoking and health were also provided to participants. A 79O/6 success rate for smoking reduction/cessation was achieved. Program evaluations reflected that imagery was useful to 25% of the attendees. Other beneficial techniques included behavorial coping responses, behavior modification, and social support. Stress was identified as the major cause offailure to quit cigarettes. Study data provide guidance for the development offuture programs. Further validation and refinement of imagery as a nursing intervention is recommended.
The Soviet Health Care System
Authors: Moody Linda E.
Published: June 2007

Worsening economic conditions and political turmoil in the Soviet Union have led to significant health care problems in the 90s. The Soviet people are calling for reforms of education and the health care system that extend beyond the unsuccessful program of glasnost and perestroika. The purposes of this article are to (a) describe the health care system in the Soviet Union, (b) highlight health issues and concerns of the Soviet people, (c) describe the education of physicians and nurses, and (d) compare and contrast common and unique factors about Soviet health care with health care in the West. The data base for the article was collected from observational site visits, on-site focused interviews with key informants in Kiev and Moscow, and extensive computerized and manual literature searches. Data were also gathered from questionnaires distributed to a convenience sample of 17 nurses in Moscow. Study results include demographic information and the state of nursing education and research, including availability and access to resources to conduct nursing research in Moscow.
Using Relaxation with Guided Imagery to Assist Primiparas in Achieving Maternal Role Attainment
Authors: Rees Barbara L.
Published: June 2007

A Framework has been developed that provides nurses with a theoretical basis for using relaxation with guided imagery with primiparas (first-time mothers) to reduce anxiety and depression and to increase self-esteem, thereby promoting maternal role attainment and expected infant behavior during the postpartum period. Although relaxation with guided imagery (RGI) has been used clinically in many situations, no research studies were found that reported using RGI with new mothers. However, because RGI has been effective in altering the responses of adults and children in diverse settings, it is inferred that RGI could be effectively used in helping primiparas adapt to the pressures of parenthood. An RGI protocol for use with new mothers is presented.
A Concept of Holistic Ethics for the Health Professional
Authors: Keegan Lynn , Keegan Gerald T.
Published: June 2007

Holistic ethics involves a basic underlying concept of the unity and integral wholeness of all people and of all nature that is identified and pursued by finding unity and wholeness within the self Within this framework, acts are not performed for the sake of law, precedent, or social norms, but rather out of a sense of doing good freely in order to witness, identify, and contribute to unity. The development of holistic ethics involves elements of both the masculine and feminine concepts interacting and relating to one another and encompassing traditional ethical views. It is characterized in the yin-yang mode of the monad of the East and the Western concept of masculine and feminine. Holistic ethics is not an ethics that is grounded or judged either in the act performed or in the distant consequences of the act, but rather in the conscious evolution of an enlightened individual of raised consciousness who performs the act. The concern is the effect of the act primarily on the individual and his or her larger Self (that unity of which he or she is a part).
Whose Life is it Anyway?
Authors: Thobaben Marshelle
Published: June 2007

The concept of individual autonomy, although generally valued in the abstract, is often negated in nursing practice. This is particularly true when the client's physical being is controlled by health care practitioners within an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. The concept of autonomy when applied to American health care practices clearly acknowledges in custom and law the right of the client to determine what treatment is acceptable and under what conditions. This article identifies some of the ethical dilemmas that arise in ICU settings and by a case example elucidates the implications for nursing practice.
Community Health and Ethical Theory
Authors: Kelley Jane
Published: June 2007

A conceptual shift from Enlightenment philosophies to communitarian virtues is discussed. Epidemics and preventing disease spread are used as a basis for discussing the major bioethical concepts beneficence justice, respect for autonomy, and Moskop's principle of restrictive measures. The addition of the concept of community and communitarian virtues to the ethical analysis is discussed. Holistic nurses are challenged to develop and employ morally sound rationale for ethical decisions.
Analysis of Nurse Theorists' Definition of Health for Congruence with Holism
Authors: Brouse Suzanne H.
Published: June 2007

This article analyzes the definitions of health of seven nurse theorists for congruence with the American Holistic Nurses' Association's (AHNA) definition of health. The two themes of wholeness and change in the AHNA definition reflect the Fawcett categorization of worldviews as organismic versus mechanistic and change versus persistence. The organismic view assumes the person to be a proactive integrated being; in the change worldview the person is viewed as always in a state of transition and progress in values. All seven theorists' definitions appear to be congruent with the organismic and change focus of the AHNA definition. Clinicians who are seeking a client-focused theory to guide their practice are encouraged to investigate one or more of the nursing theories for adoption. This can have the dual outcome of improving the quality of nursing care and building the knowledge of the discipline as the theories are tested in practice.
Standards of Practice by Nightingale
Authors: Freeman Linda Holbrook , Mornhinweg Gail C.
Published: June 2007

Although the American Holistic Nurses' Association (AHNA) has a relatively short history, the ideas and concepts it embodies are similar to those of Florence Nightingale. This article describes those similarities in Nightingales's writings and in the AHNA's philosophy and standards of practice.
Creativity
Authors: Mabbett Phyllis
Published: June 2007

Creativity is required for solving many of the problems that face the health care system. As a group, caregivers tend to underestimate their own creativity and its potential impact on the systems in which they work. This article reviews common misconceptions about creativity and describes forces that erode its expression. Suggestions are made for how creativity can be increased within traditional-practice settings. Steps in a creative process are reviewed as well as internal and external factors that support the occurrence of creative moments. The benefits to be gained from increased creativity range from practical improvements within the system to personal gratification for individual caregivers.
The Missing Element in Health Care
Authors: Ditlow Florence
Published: June 2007

Human creativity uses what is already available, changing it in unpredictable ways. Creativity is an option to client, caregiver, and institution. It is likely to occur in the open mode of thinking, where alertness, relaxation, and playfulness coexist. Humor is a desirable avenue to creative thinking for health promotion. The release and relaxation of humor benefits client and caregiver both physiologically and psychologically. Tension eases for patients, while nurses gain a new sense of control through the use of their own sense of humor. Fifty preoperative patients were surveyed on the use of humor education as a form of stress reduction. After surgery, the patients were told one-liners prior to administration of potentially painful topical medication. All perceived less pain. Humor rooms are spaces in hospitals which encourage the therapeutic use of humor. This is a unique holistic option to promote creative thinking of the staff while it enhances the healing of the patient.
The Correlation between Humor and the Chronic Pain of Arthritis
Authors: Leise Catherine Mcmullen
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between chronic pain and a healthy sense of humor in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. It was hypothesized that women with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis who scored higher on the sense of humor scales would have a lower score on the pain scale. Likewise, if a lower score was obtained on the humor scales, it was expected that the subject would have a higher pain score. The sample population consisted of 30 women from the Northeast section of the United States, randomly chosen, between the ages of 33 and 66 years, diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The results of this study showed a significant positive correlation (r = .31, p < .01) between humor and pain, which was contrary to the stated hypothesis. Findings also showed that, except for age, there were no significant relationships between the demographic data and the subjects' perception of pain or humor. It was found that age was negatively correlated with both humor and pain. Possible reasons for the findings are discussed, and nurses are encouraged to consider all the functions of humor in working with patients.
Discussing Sexual Concerns with Health Care Professionals
Authors: Waterhouse Julie
Published: June 2007

Sexuality is an important part of human health and should be addressed in numerous aspects of nursing care. Many nurses have difficulty providing patients with care in the area of sexuality, however, and usually do not address sexual concerns unless the patient asks specific questions. This study explored the attitudes of healthy individuals toward physicians and nurses discussing sexual concerns with clients. Most subjects thought discussing sexual concerns with nurses was appropriate, and all subjects thought that physicians should discuss sexual concerns with clients. Regression analyses indicated that attitudes were not influenced by variables such as age, gender, or marital status. These findings suggest that nurses can feel comfortable addressing sexuality with many more of their clients and that when unsure about discussing sexuality with clients, nurses should refer clients to their physicians.
The Bath
Authors: Wolf Zane Robinson
Published: June 2007

This article examines the bath as a nursing ritual, using examples from the literature from the 1880s to the present time. Selections from nursing periodicals and other literature are used to support the connections between past and present nursing practices in relation to bathing and hygienic care. The bath represents part of the essential character of nursing and is rooted in the beliefs, art, and science of the profession. It is a channel for many other nursing activities and responses, and as such, occupies a necessary part of nursing's repertoire and identity.
Meeting Holistic Health Needs through a Religious Organization
Authors: Salewski Ruby M.
Published: June 2007

Jesus's healing ministry is making a comeback in Christian congregations today. One method the church is using to facilitate this healing ministry is through the parish nurse ministry. The parish nurse model uses the holistic health concept that health is an interplay of body, mind, and spirit. The parish nurse ministry implements the gospel through health education, health counseling, patient advocacy, referrals, support groups, and the training of volunteers. The focus of this article is meeting the holistic health needs through a religious organization: the congregation. This article briefly reviews the concepts of holistic health and Christianity and healing, and it gives an example of implementing this concept in a congregation.
The Maturing Process
Authors: Gottesman Carol
Published: June 2007

The maturing process is a powerful holistic method for removing childhood blocks, thus freeing us to develop our full potential in the present. This health-patterning modality is an imagery process that assists us in reshaping the holograms in our memory banks. This process is effective with women coming from a variety of dysfunctional backgrounds, dealing with codependency, sexual abuse, and grief and loss issues. Female relationships and interactions are explored through the use of two case studies. The maturing process represents a missing and vital element in the holistic care of women.
Nurses Cut Health Care Costs
Authors: Dunham-Taylor Janne , Oldaker Joyce , Decapua Theresa , Manley Norlee K. , Oprian Betty , Wrestler Judith
Published: June 2007

Nurses are a value-added and cost-savings component of health care, yet others frequently impede nurse efforts. Nurses, coupled with business, can contribute to cutting health care costs by (a) increasing dialogue with business leaders on effective cost-cutting measures across health care, (b) supporting nurse leaders who are capable of administering key community positions, (c) involving whole communities in wellness/health promotion and/or disease prevention programs, (d) encouraging more home health care alternatives; and (e) supporting nurse-related entrepreneurial efforts.
Interactive Guided Imagery with Oncology Patients
Authors: Rancour Patrice
Published: June 2007

The technique of interactive guided imagery has numerous applications in the practice of oncology nursing: relaxation, pain and symptom management, grief work, and helping patients discern meaning in their illness experience, to name a few. The technique is described according to the theoretical framework presented by Roberto Assagioli. A case illustration demonstrates the application of the technique and is processed for its implications for nursing practice. A description of an in-service series for staff nurses interested in learning guided imagery is presented.
Parish Nursing
Authors: Bergquist Sandra , King Jean
Published: June 2007

Parish nursing is a current nursing care delivery model that practices holistic health care. Parish nurses provide care to a faith community, emphasizing the relationship between faith and health. Specific nursing activities address physical, emotional, and spiritual health and well-being, closely attending to the inseparability of these dimensions. Parish nurses may assume one or more roles associated with this practice to accomplish parish nursing activities and achieve the holistic health and well-being of individuals, families, and groups within the faith community. The five broad categories of client, health, nurse, environment, and nursing process provide a framework for organizing the concept of parish nursing for future nursing theory, research, and practice.
Nursing Diagnosis and Natural Therapies
Authors: Daniels Gareth J. , McCabe Pauline
Published: June 2007

Work with nursing diagnosis has provided a classification system for what nursing does and has helped to focus nursing interventions to include more independent nursing care. Natural therapies (an umbrella term covering the many healing and health promotion modalities, traditional and modern, that do not use prescription pharmaceuticals or surgery) are among the more independent care modalities available to nursing. Accepted nursing interventions cover a growing number of practices, such as progressive relaxation, guided imagery, yoga, therapeutic touch, music therapy, active listening, aromatherapy, reflexology, advocacy, and centered presence. Most of these nursing interventions would seem to fit comfortably within the realm of natural therapies. As the illness-healing paradigms shift and converge, and the concept of holism rises more and more to the fore, the role of the nurse is shifting from caregiver to healer. Nursing diagnosis, as a classification system for nursing phenomena, can serve as a mechanism to enhance visibility of this healing role of the nurse.
A Holistic Framework for Nursing Care
Authors: Fridlund Bengt
Published: June 2007

A holistic nursing framework to be used in the rehabilitation care of the myocardial infarction patient is discussed. Concepts of the framework include interplay of body-mind-spirit, negative life stress, coping modes, and their relationship to illness. Social support in the form of natural caring, together with one's own coping capacity, are usually enough to maintain health, integrity, control, and wholeness. But professional caring is needed when illness is perceived or symptoms develop. A holistic nursing intervention plan for the post-MI patient is proposed. The aim of the article is to facilitate the use of the approach in research and in practice.
Folk Healing and Biomedicine
Authors: Engebretson Joan
Published: June 2007

Health care professionals are of ten faced with clients who are using alternative healing techniques along with biomedicine. A comparison of biomedicine in its cultural context to folk healing serves to highlight the cultural aspects of both systems. The cult of Fidencio, a popular healer in northern Mexico and southern United States, is used to illustrate a folk healing system. Biomedicine is presented in a historical context to show the American value of scientific objectivity. Current interest in alternative healing in the United States challenges the absolute primacy of scientific rationalism and opens the door for complementary approaches.
Connections
Authors: Swift Gayle
Published: June 2007

Nursing is a holistic practice in which the science and technology of curing is cradled by the art of human caring within a healing context. Caring is the human capacity to connect with another from a place of compassion and unconditional support in the process of growth and actualizing one's potential in the face of human challenge. Healing reflects the process of one's search for wholeness in the ultimate expression of one's unique being. This wisdom is multidisciplinary and interconnecting, integrating the multidimensional aspects of the human process engaged in the art and science of healing.
The Lived Experience of Care within the Context of Cultural Diversity
Authors: Smith Carol A.
Published: June 2007

This study explored the health promotion experiences of 10 Euro-American advanced practice nurses who provided care in rural settings to predominantly African American families. Relational themes that emerged from the discussions of the participants were authentic connecting, unconditional help giving, and openness to knowing. The constitutive pattern that emerged across all the texts was care as uncovering healing. The nurses' knowledge or lack of knowledge about differences in cultural health beliefs and practices was in the background, whereas the relationship was the contextual core of the experience that transcended the knowledge of differences.
Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory
Authors: Jeng Chii , Braun Lynne T.
Published: June 2007

To help patients achieve the greatest benefit from cardiac rehabilitation programs, nurses must assist them to modify unhealthy behaviors. Many cardiac rehabilitation programs, however, lack a theoretical foundation; therefore, interventions are usually executed without accounting for the complexities of human behavior, and little consideration is given to the difficulties encountered in altering unhealthy behavior patterns. Bandura's self-efficacy theory is considered a suitable model for cardiac rehabilitation because it provides a systematic direction which allows one to interpret, modify, and predict patients' behaviors. This article describes the development of and conceptual framework for Bandura's theory, how it provides a basis for measurement of self-efficacy, and how it may be applied to the study of cardiac rehabilitation. Finally, some research issues, which are related to applications of self-efficacy theory in cardiac rehabilitation are discussed.
Group Intervention
Authors: Carlson Ruth Rosnick , Harrigan Alison K.
Published: June 2007

Nurse-facilitated, long-term group intervention provides a healing environment for adult survivors of incest. In this article, the healing journey of the group process is discussed as two clinical specialist nurse facilitators share their experiences of facilitating long-term incest groups for the past 5 years at a nurse-managed center for practice in the college of nursing at a large Midwestern university. The group intervention, which consists of 51 sessions 11/2 hours in length, is discussed in depth. The three phases of the group and the tasks of each are developed in detail in relation to the mind-body-spirit healing that occurs. Use of clinical vignettes elaborates the group experiences and the healing evolution of the group members.
A Practical Approach in the Treatment of Self-Inflicted Violence
Authors: Torem Moshe S.
Published: June 2007

After a brief review of the literature on self-inflicted violence, a practical approach to the treatment of patients who show self-injurious behavior and self-mutilation is developed. The treatment model uses therapeutic interventions based on a biopsychosocial understanding of the person and applies knowledge from the biological, psychological-behavioral, and social fields. Interventions discussed include ego strengthening, planning for substitute behaviors, therapeutic imagery, ego-state therapy, refraining, cognitive syllogism, behavioral reinforcement and extinction, and use of behavioral contracts. The case examples presented illustrate the importance of the therapist/patient relationship, which is based on trust, respect, and caring but also on patient responsibility for change.
The Use of Hope as a Coping Mechanism in Abused Women
Authors: Marden Mary O. , Rice Michael J.
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify how abused women use hope and to determine whether hope is a coping mechanism in their relationship with the abusers. Four focus group sessions were conducted with a sample of 24 women using a phenomenological methodology. The data analysis indicated that abused women maintain hope in four major dimensions: hope for change in their partner's behavior, hope for survival, hope as something to cling to, and hope for control of the situation. The subjects stated that hope was used as a coping mechanism to help them keep their sanity; but in this context, the subjects often saw hope as false or unreal. Thus some abused women used hope as a mechanism to attempt to resolve cognitive dissonance between their internal beliefs and the external reality of physical violence.
Domestic Violence
Authors: Bicehouse Terry , Hawker Lynn
Published: June 2007

After providing incidence data, identifying stereotypes, and defining abuse, this article discusses domestic violence in the context of patterns of covert and overt control rather than looking at isolated incidents of battering. Ways to assess the likelihood of an emergency room or a doctor's office visit being the result of domestic violence are outlined as well as methods of assessing the degree of immediate danger to the woman.
Mutual Connectedness
Authors: Schubert Phyllis E. , Lionberger Harriett J.
Published: June 2007

Client-nurse interaction data from taped interviews of 12 holistic nurses in private practice and 18 of their clients were analyzed using the grounded theory method. Analysis focused on the interactional stance of the nurse and the experiential perspective of the client. Mutual connectedness, characterized by intimacy, was identified in holistic therapy. Nursing therapies served as strategies to promote healing processes. Findings that mutual connectedness underlay nursing therapy and occurred under conditions of caring and trust founded an emergent theory. The theory explains interactional processes that facilitate and deter healing in private holistic nursing practice. Application to other areas of nursing is suggested.
Effect of Relaxation with Guided Imagery on Anxiety, Depression, and Self-Esteem in Primiparas
Authors: Rees Barbara L.
Published: June 2007

A pretest-posttest experimental design with a convenience sample of 60 subjects was used to examine the effects of a relaxation with guided imagery protocol on anxiety, depression, and self-esteem in primiparas during the first 4 weeks of the postpartum period. The results showed that the experimental group had less anxiety and depression and greater self-esteem than did the control group at the end of the period. Positive correlations were obtained between anxiety and depression; negative correlations between self-esteem and anxiety and depression. All findings were significant at the .05 level.
Therapeutic Touch with Adolescent Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Hughes Pamela Potter , Meize-Grochowski Robin , Duncan Harris Catherine Neighbor
Published: June 2007

Seven hospitalized, adolescent psychiatric patients who received a total of 31 Therapeutic Touch treatments over two 2-week periods were interviewed about their experience. Findings from the interviews were categorized within 2 overarching themes—the therapeutic relationship and the body/mind connection. The study participants enjoyed the Therapeutic Touch, and, in fact they wanted more of it. This research shows the possibility of Therapeutic Touch as a nursing intervention with adolescent psychiatric patients if all care is taken to obtain their consent and to provide them with a safe environment for touch therapy.
Hope-Inspiring Strategies of Spouses of Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Chua Patel Christy Theresa
Published: June 2007

Previous research indicates that hope is an important psychosocial need of families of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, there is a lack of nursing research about how to inspire hope in families of the critically ill. The purpose of this study was to explore the hope-inspiring strategies that spouses of critically ill adults used while their family member was critically ill. In addition, the author explored what spouses of critically ill persons perceived to be useful sources in maintaining or increasing their hope states while their loved one was critically ill. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, 20 spouses of patients hospitalized in an ICU for the first time were interviewed. Data were categorized into eight hope-inspiring themes, including spiritual religious activities, significant others, devotion for the patient, positive relationships with caregivers, physical presence at the bedside, talking to others, and the use of distraction mechanisms. In addition, five sources of hope were identified in this population.
Mental Health Nurses' Spiritual Perspectives
Authors: Pullen Lisa , Tuck Inez , Mix Kristin
Published: June 2007

Spiritual care has reemerged as a critical concern in nursing care. It is assumed that to provide spiritual care, nurses have a personal spiritual perspective. This study investigates the spiritual perspectives of a convenience sample of 50 mental health nurses employed in a public facility. The nurses' spiritual perspectives were measured using Reed's (1986a) Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS). Due to the homogeneous nature of the sample and a clustering of SPS scores, the Wilcoxin Signed-Ranks Test was used to evaluate the data. Although no variables were identified as significant contributors to an individual nurse's spiritual perspective, an overall high SPS was found among the mental health nurses surveyed. The mental health nurses' SPS score mean (5.334, SD = .56) was notably higher than found in previous studies using the SPS (Reed, 1986a, 1991).
An Exploratory Study of the Relationship between Alternative Therapies, Functional Status, and Symptom Severity among People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Fawcett Jacqueline , Sidney Joan Seliger , Riley-Lawless Kathleen , Hanson Mary Jane S.
Published: June 2007

Roy's Adaptation Model guided an exploratory study of the association of alternative therapies with functional status and symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Data were collected from 16 volunteers by a telephone-administered interview schedule and a mailed questionnaire. All 16 respondents reported seeking traditional medical treatment and at least 1 alternative therapy (mode = 3, range = 1-9). The correlation between the number of alternative therapies and functional status was -.42; the greater the number of therapies used by the respondents, the lower their functional status. Qualitative data analysis revealed that functional status was enhanced by beneficial effects of specific alternative therapies, pacing oneself, changing the perception of self, and focusing on spiritual aspects of self. Self-reported MS symptoms were less severe following use of alternative therapies (p <.0005). Study of the differential effects of single and combined alternative therapies on functional status and symptom severity for large samples of people with MS is recommended.