bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rheuma nach COVID-19-Infektion oder Impfung
Authors: Herold Manfred
Published: February 2023

Sowohl nach COVID-Infektion als auch nach ein oder mehreren COVID-Impfungen können rheumatische Beschwerden beginnen. In beiden Fällen scheint der Mechanismus ähnlich zu sein und mit dem Coronavirus oder seinen spezifischen Folgen zusammenzuhängen. Zumeist wird von einer reaktiven Arthritis gesprochen, wenngleich die Bezeichnung COVID-19-assoziierte Arthritis für das Beschwerdebild eher zutreffen dürfte. In Relation zur Zahl der COVID-Infizierten und der COVID-geimpften ist die Zahl der Fälle, in denen es zu COVID-assoziierten Beschwerden kommt, außerordentlich gering und die Prognose scheint eher gut zu sein.
Closed Reduction and High-Strength Sutures for Transverse Patella Fractures: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Huang Liben , Li Xusong , Ye Lin , Li Shengsong
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of closed reduction high-strength sutures combined with Nice knots in treating transverse patella fractures.

Method

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 28 patients who underwent surgery for transverse patella fractures from January 2019 to January 2020. Twelve cases of the study group were treated with closed reduction high-strength sutures combined with Nice knots, and 16 cases in the control group were treated with tension band wiring. Observations included patellar healing, follow-up knee mobility with Böstman score, Lysholm score, surgical data, postoperative complications, and secondary surgery rate.

Result

No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in the Patient demographic data, with a mean follow-up of 13.14 ± 1.58 months. There was no delayed healing or deep infection in the two groups. In the control group, 2 cases of internal fixation failure and 1 case of superficial infection were observed. The differences in mean fracture healing time, follow-up Böstman score, Lysholm score and knee mobility between the two groups were not statistically different. However, the differences were statistically significant for the duration of surgery, Incision length, intraoperative bleeding and the secondary surgery rate was lower in the study group.

Conclusion

Closed reduction high-strength sutures have good clinical efficacy in treating transverse patella fractures, with the advantages of shorter duration of surgery and Incision length,less intraoperative bleeding and no secondary removal.
People’s perception and involvement in improving urban greenery in Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Akakpo Bokon Alexis , Okhimamhe Appollonia A. , Orekan Vincent A. O.
Published: February 2023

Urban sustainable development is a feat to achieve, particularly within African nations. Current patterns of urban expansion are creating multiple problems to urban greenery and quality of life. Assuming urban resident’s perception varies between and within cities, this paper claims to document resident’s perceptions on the existing greenery spaces, the prerogative for environmental safeguard, and the determinant of resident’s willingness for urban greenery improvement within the cities of Parakou and Porto-Novo in Benin. A semi-structured interview was randomly conducted with 400 people including residents and institution officers in each city. The data collected are related to socio-economic characteristics and the perception on urban greenery characteristics, urban greenery importance and urban greenery management and planning. The test χ2 was applied to understand the independence between cities and city boroughs. Correspondence analysis was also used to display some relationships and binary logistic regression to examine the variables that explain people’s willingness to get involved in improving urban greenery in each city. The results revealed that around 80% of existing urban greeneries are mostly located in the core of the town and the state of the density and diversity of these greenery areas were differently perceived in the districts of each city. The main benefits lost from urban greenery were air quality (45.25%) for Parakou and cooling effect (74%) for Porto-Novo and the causes of these losses depended also on the cities and the districts within the cities. Public participation was perceived to be low (> 85%) and the institutional cooperation with local communities, educational level and knowledge on greening main impacts must be improved to foster the involvement of people in urban greenery development. This study is relevant to support literature data and to further studies. It will also serve as a guideline for policymakers, urban planners, and managers, cityscape architects, and projects of urban sustainability regarding the urban greenery in Benin.
The CARE Principles and the Reuse, Sharing, and Curation of Indigenous Data in Canadian Archaeology
Authors: Gupta Neha , Martindale Andrew , Supernant Kisha , Elvidge Michael
Published: February 2023

Reuse and sharing of archaeological data are tied to ethics in data practice, research design, and the rights of Indigenous peoples in decision-making about their heritage. In this article, the authors discuss how the CARE (Collective benefit, Authority to control, Responsibility, and Ethics) principles and Indigenous data governance create intellectual space for archaeological research. We show how archaeologists can use this framework to highlight hidden costs and labor associated with the “data ecosystem,” which are often borne by Indigenous nations and communities. The CARE framework gives voice to Indigenous peoples’ concerns around data sharing, curation, and reuse; ways we can redress these issues; and strategies that facilitate Indigenous nations and communities in deriving collective benefit from research. In archaeology, these efforts include greater work on heritage legislation and policy, repositioning Indigenous peoples as active stewards of their data, and building capacity in digital methods and ethical data practice. Each Indigenous nation and community has its own interests, values, and protocols, and we suggest paths to bring data practice into alignment with the CARE framework.
Implementation of an asymptomatic bacteriuria assessment protocol for patients discharged from the emergency department
Authors: Hitchins Margaret R. , Bouchard Jeannette L. , Ingram Christopher W. , Orvin Alison I.
Published: February 2023

Objective:

We evaluated the impact of an asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) assessment protocol on the number of antibiotics prescribed for ASB after discharge from the emergency department (ED).

Design:

Single-center, before-and-after, retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

The study was conducted at a large community health system in North Carolina.

Patients:

Eligible patients were discharged from an ED without an antibiotic prescription and had a positive urine culture result after discharge from May through July 2021 (preimplementation group) and October through December 2021 (postimplementation group).

Methods:

Patient records were reviewed to determine the number of antibiotic prescriptions for ASB on follow-up call before and after implementation of an ASB assessment protocol. Secondary outcomes included 30-day admissions, 30-day ED visits, 30-day UTI-related encounters, and projected antibiotic days of therapy.

Results:

The study included 263 patients: 147 in the preimplementation group and 116 in the postimplementation group). There were significantly fewer antibiotic prescriptions for ASB in the postimplementation group (50% vs 8%; P < .0001). There were no differences in the incidence of 30-day admissions (7% vs 8%; P = .9761), 30-day ED visits (14% vs 16%; P = .7805), or 30-day UTI-related encounters (0% vs 0%, NA).

Conclusions:

Implementation of an ASB assessment protocol for patients discharged from the ED significantly reduced the number of antibiotic prescriptions for ASB on follow-up call without an increase in 30-day admissions, ED visits, or UTI-related encounters.
Asymmetric wakes in flows past circular cylinders confined in channels
Authors: Lu Wilson , Aljubaili Daniah , Zahtila Tony , Chan Leon , Ooi Andrew
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we investigate the flow past a circular cylinder confined in a channel at a blockage ratio of

$\beta =0.7$

(the ratio of the cylinder diameter and the channel height) for Reynolds numbers between

${\textit {Re}}=300$

and

$3900$

using direct numerical simulation (DNS). We show for varying Reynolds numbers a wide range of wake dynamics occur as the spanwise domain length is changed. At a lower Reynolds number of

${\textit {Re}}=300$

, a reverse von Kármán wake alongside either a top- or bottom-biased asymmetry was observed at different spanwise locations. The asymmetry was structurally similar the two-dimensional asymmetry studied by prior investigators, and was found to be a result of the confinement effect. Further, wake-jumping between the two intermittent states was present. For larger Reynolds numbers,

${\textit {Re}}=1000$

and

$3900$

, these asymmetric structures were found to become dominant. We also examine the dependence of the asymmetries on the spanwise domain. For small spanwise domains the asymmetries were uniformly orientated across the span. In contrast, for sufficiently large spanwise domains, the asymmetry flips its orientation at different spanwise locations. Comparisons of flow statistics demonstrate good agreement between the different spanwise domains, which suggests the same mechanism maintains the asymmetry in both cases. Further analysis at

${\textit {Re}}=1000$

found the number of times the wake flips is dependent on the initial conditions, with a wake that flips zero (purely asymmetric), two and four times being observed. These structures were also determined to remain stable over time scales of

$1000D/U$

.
Re-examining judicial review of delegated legislation
Authors: Chng Kenny
Published: February 2023

The usage of delegated legislation as a means of governance deserves significant attention, in view of the enormous impact that it is capable of having on the lives of citizens. While reforms to the process of parliamentary scrutiny are an important means of minimising the inappropriate usage of delegated legislation, this paper explores the possibility of drawing more fruitfully upon judicial review as an additional control mechanism. It undertakes a theoretical analysis of what makes delegated legislation distinct from primary legislation and other types of executive action for the purposes of judicial review, with a view towards identifying the proper normative orientation of judicial review of delegated legislation – upholding the moral requirements of delegation relationships and safeguarding democratic accountability and the rule of law. It then argues that existing grounds of review applied towards delegated legislation go some way towards but are inadequately directed at this normative orientation. Drawing inspiration from Irish and US jurisprudence, the paper critically evaluates several possible means of filling this doctrinal space, and concludes that the non-delegation doctrine and a rule of law-based ground of judicial review directed at exercises of delegated law-making power can supplement the law of judicial review of delegated legislation.
On a class of difference operator and its applications to a family of analytic functions
Authors: Raina Ravinder Krishna , Sokół Janusz , Tra̧bka-Wiȩcław Katarzyna
Published: February 2023

This paper mainly considers the problem of generalizing a certain class of analytic functions by means of a class of difference operators. We consider some relations between starlike or convex functions and functions belonging to such classes. Some other useful properties of these classes are also considered.
GALOIS GROUPS OF RECIPROCAL SEXTIC POLYNOMIALS
Authors: AWTREY CHAD , LEE ALLY
Published: February 2023

Let F be a subfield of the complex numbers and
$f(x)=x^6+ax^5+bx^4+cx^3+bx^2+ax+1 \in F[x]$
an irreducible polynomial. We give an elementary characterisation of the Galois group of
$f(x)$
as a transitive subgroup of
$S_6$
. The method involves determining whether three expressions involving a, b and c are perfect squares in F and whether a related quartic polynomial has a linear factor. As an application, we produce one-parameter families of reciprocal sextic polynomials with a specified Galois group.
Habitual consumption of high-fibre bread fortified with bean hulls increased plasma indole-3-propionic concentration and decreased putrescine and deoxycholic acid faecal concentrations in healthy volunteers
Authors: Sayegh Marietta , Ni Qian Qian , Ranawana Viren , Raikos Vassilios , Hayward Nicholas J. , Hayes Helen E. , Duncan Gary , Cantlay Louise , Farquharson Freda , Solvang Michael , Horgan Graham W. , Louis Petra , Russell Wendy R. , Clegg Miriam , Thies Frank , Neacsu Madalina
Published: February 2023

Only 6 to 8 % of the UK adults meet the daily recommendation for dietary fibre. Fava bean processing lead to vast amounts of high-fibre by-products such as hulls. Bean hull fortified bread was formulated to increase and diversify dietary fibre while reducing waste. This study assessed the bean hull: suitability as a source of dietary fibre; the systemic and microbial metabolism of its components and postprandial events following bean hull bread rolls. Nine healthy participants (53·9 ± 16·7 years) were recruited for a randomised controlled crossover study attending two 3 days intervention sessions, involving the consumption of two bread rolls per day (control or bean hull rolls). Blood and faecal samples were collected before and after each session and analysed for systemic and microbial metabolites of bread roll components using targeted LC-MS/MS and GC analysis. Satiety, gut hormones, glucose, insulin and gastric emptying biomarkers were also measured. Two bean hull rolls provided over 85 % of the daily recommendation for dietary fibre; but despite being a rich source of plant metabolites (P = 0·04 v. control bread), these had poor systemic bioavailability. Consumption of bean hull rolls for 3 days significantly increased plasma concentration of indole-3-propionic acid (P = 0·009) and decreased faecal concentration of putrescine (P = 0·035) and deoxycholic acid (P = 0·046). However, it had no effect on postprandial plasma gut hormones, bacterial composition and faecal short chain fatty acids amount. Therefore, bean hulls require further processing to improve their bioactives systemic availability and fibre fermentation.
Gaps between prime divisors and analogues in Diophantine geometry
Authors: Sofos Efthymios
Published: February 2023

Erdős considered the second moment of the gap-counting function of prime divisors in 1946 and proved an upper bound that is not of the right order of magnitude. We prove asymptotics for all moments. Furthermore, we prove a generalisation stating that the gaps between primes p for which there is no
$\mathbb{Q}_p$
-point on a random variety are Poisson distributed.
Unearthing Rabiʿa's Grave: Placemaking, Shrines, and Contested Traditions in Balkh, Afghanistan
Authors: Homayun Shamim
Published: February 2023

Rabiʿa Balkhi was a princess and poet who, according to medieval accounts, flourished in 10th-century Balkh. She gained wide popularity in 20th-century Afghanistan, where she has been the subject of books, poems, and movies. This article recounts the story of her grave's discovery in the center of Balkh's town park in the 1960s, the emergence of a shrine around it, and its integration with Balkh's landscape of antiquity. Drawing on parallels from across the Muslim world, I argue that Rabiʿa's shrine emerged through a dialogue between state officials and local forms of placemaking. But although initially motivated by nationalist sentiment, the Afghan state lost its ability to define Rabiʿa's life on nationalist terms. As Afghanistan fragmented through war, her shrine survived as a space where her life was constantly reinterpreted and where disputed visions over the nation's past and future played out.
The Criminal Governance of Tourism: Extortion and Intimacy in Medellín
Authors: Naef Patrick
Published: February 2023

This article provides a picture of the political economy of tourism and violence in Medellín. It analyses the way criminal actors and tourism entrepreneurs share a territory, by shedding light on the extortion of tour guides, street performers and business owners in some of its barrios populares (poor neighbourhoods). The main objective is to demonstrate how intimate relationships – between and among kin, friends, long-term acquaintances – impact what is considered the criminal governance of tourism. This contribution shows that extortion in Medellín meets only limited resistance from tourism entrepreneurs. It also emphasises how criminals, tourism actors and tourists themselves contribute to the creation of fragile secured spaces in the developing touristscapes of Colombia's second city.
An acoustic analysis of Oromo vowels of the northern dialect
Authors: Negesse Feda
Published: February 2023

This study presents the results of an acoustic analysis of Oromo vowels of the northern dialect. The data for the study were collected from 19 speakers (nine female, 10 male) who produced the vowels in the same phonetic environment. Such acoustic measures as duration, fundamental frequency and the first three formant frequencies were extracted for the analysis. In a linear mixed-effects model, each acoustic parameter was modelled as a function of the fixed effects such as gender and vowel quality, and of participants’ random effects. The model shows a main effect of gender on all the acoustic measures, with the female speakers producing the vowels with significantly greater duration and formant frequencies. The model also indicates the main effect of vowel quality on all the acoustic measures with the exception of duration. The proportion of variances explained by gender and vowel quality is found to be large for fundamental frequency and the first formant frequency respectively. As regards the classification of the vowels, Support Vector Machine reveals that the time-varying frequency does not have an advantage over a steady state in separating vowels of both genders. However, it is generally fairly effective in classifying vowels of the dialect of the language.
Death, dying and disparity: an ethnography of differently priced residential care homes for older people
Authors: Johnson Eleanor K.
Published: February 2023

Recent scholarship has highlighted the experiences of, and various challenges faced by, dying persons and the workers tasked with end-of-life care. However, research has not sufficiently considered what symbolic resources – such as beliefs, rituals and vocabularies – are drawn upon by care workers when caring for dying and deceased residents in care homes, together with how this is informed by financial regimes. I address this deficit by drawing upon an extensive ethnographic study, undertaken in southern England (United Kingdom) between 2013 and 2014, at two residential care homes (one low-cost and one high-cost) for older people. Counter to analyses of death and dying that too frequently foreground the extraordinary, rather than the mundane and everyday, I examine the gaping disparities between two differently priced settings. In the low-cost home, residents experience a social and moral death. The dying and the dead are treated with disregard and indifference. In the high-cost home, caring for the living was extended beyond the biological termination of life. This was influenced not only by the marketing of ‘high-quality’ care, but also by workers and residents who, in their gestures and rituals of honouring, remembering and mourning the dead, made high-quality care possible. My analysis shows, then, how cavernous inequities unfold within the care sector and how, in turn, experiences of death and dying are deeply fragmented by the market. I conclude by arguing that researchers must both take the normative and symbolic culture of care work seriously and examine how the availability of this is directly impacted by the costing and funding of care. Doing so, I argue, allows us to work towards establishing a care sector that is equitable both for older people and care workers.
Coming to terms with the SDGs: A perspective from legal scholarship
Authors: Ellis Jaye , Edmonds Dylan
Published: February 2023

The Sustainable Development Goal’s (SDG) blueprint to global sustainability exemplifies the global governance trend towards the displacement of law by indicators. Indicators purport to produce objective measurement and comparison, a desirable trait for international public authorities that struggle to bolster the legitimacy of environmental and sustainability norms. This paper adopts a pragmatic approach to indicators by taking seriously their limitations, weaknesses, and dangers, but also their potential contributions to international sustainability objectives. We explore a reframing of the relationship between law and indicators in complementary, not adversarial, terms. Several examples of this complementarity are explored, including the potential use of the SDGs for evaluating the instrumental effectiveness of legal regimes, as well as the ways that international sustainability law supplements the SGDs by providing legal ramifications for violations of state-specific obligations. Finally, we argue that law and legal normativity make invaluable contributions to international environmental and sustainability governance, contributions that metrics and other managerial and technocratic forms of governance cannot make.
The default mode network is associated with changes in internalizing and externalizing problems differently in adolescent boys and girls
Authors: Lee Yoonji , Chahal Rajpreet , Gotlib Ian H.
Published: February 2023

Internalizing and externalizing problems that emerge during adolescence differentially increase boys’ and girls’ risk for developing psychiatric disorders. It is not clear, however, whether there are sex differences in the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain that underlie changes in the severity of internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. Using resting-state fMRI data and self-reports of behavioral problems obtained from 128 adolescents (73 females; 9–14 years old) at two timepoints, we conducted multivoxel pattern analysis to identify resting-state functional connectivity markers at baseline that predict changes in the severity of internalizing and externalizing problems in boys and girls 2 years later. We found sex-differentiated involvement of the default mode network in changes in internalizing and externalizing problems. Whereas changes in internalizing problems were associated with the dorsal medial subsystem in boys and with the medial temporal subsystem in girls, changes in externalizing problems were predicted by hyperconnectivity between core nodes of the DMN and frontoparietal network in boys and hypoconnectivity between the DMN and affective networks in girls. Our results suggest that different neural mechanisms predict changes in internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescent boys and girls and offer insights concerning mechanisms that underlie sex differences in the expression of psychopathology in adolescence.
Evidence for lexical and phonetic determinatives in Mayan writing: The case of T713
Authors: Mora-Marín David F.
Published: February 2023

This article utilizes the Maya Hieroglyphic Database (Looper and Macri 1991–2022) to study the spellings of three glyphic values based on T713 (Thompson 1962), namely, the logogram K′AB′ ‘hand, arm’ (n = 88), the logogram K′AL ‘to close, wrap, adorn’ (n = 484), and the syllabogram mi (n = 68), cataloged as MZ1, MR1, and MR2, respectively, by Looper et al. (2022). The main goal is to study the functions of certain graphemes typically placed atop T713 (T713's “holding site”) when it has the value K′AL, and to determine to what extent such signs can be described as lexical determinatives. The article concludes that MZ1 K′AB′ constitutes the unmarked value of T713, while MZ1 K′AL requires contextual or graphemic disambiguation, the latter facilitated by means of phonetic complements (e.g., k′a or la) or lexical determinatives (e.g., T617/1M3). Syntagmatic contextual associations resulting from frequent proximity to other signs was a common factor in the establishment of certain signs as lexical determinatives. The question of MR2 mi, which can be analyzed as either a digraph or a case of a “phonetic determinative” (distinct from “phonetic complement”) in the holding site of T713, is left open to future research.
Germline Gene Editing: The Gender Issues
Authors: de Miguel Beriain Iñigo , Payán Ellacuria Ekain , Sanz Begoña
Published: February 2023

Human germline gene editing constitutes an extremely promising technology; at the same time, however, it raises remarkable ethical, legal, and social issues. Although many of these issues have been largely explored by the academic literature, there are gender issues embedded in the process that have not received the attention they deserve. This paper examines ways in which this new tool necessarily affects males and females differently—both in rewards and perils. The authors conclude that there is an urgent need to include these gender issues in the current debate, before giving a green light to this new technology.
A Tale of Two Chimeras: Applying the Six Principles to Human Brain Organoid Xenotransplantation
Authors: Barnhart Andrew J. , Dierickx Kris
Published: February 2023

Cerebral organoid models in-of-themselves are considered as an alternative to research animal models. But their developmental and biological limitations currently inhibit the probability that organoids can fully replace animal models. Furthermore, these organoid limitations have, somewhat ironically, brought researchers back to the animal model via xenotransplantation, thus creating hybrids and chimeras. In addition to attempting to study and overcome cerebral organoid limitations, transplanting cerebral organoids into animal models brings an opportunity to observe behavioral changes in the animal itself. Traditional animal ethics frameworks, such as the well-known three Rs (reduce, refine, and replace), have previously addressed chimeras and xenotransplantation of tissue. But these frameworks have yet to completely assess the neural-chimeric possibilities. And while the three Rs framework was a historical landmark in animal ethics, there are identifiable gaps in the framework that require attention. The authors propose to utilize an expanded three Rs framework initially developed by David DeGrazia and Tom L. Beauchamp, known as the Six Principles (6Ps). This framework aims to expand upon the three Rs, fill in the gaps, and be a practical means for assessing animal ethical issues like that of neural-chimeras and cerebral organoid xenotransplantation. The scope of this 6Ps application will focus on two separate but recent studies, which were published in 2019 and 2020. First, they consider a study wherein cerebral organoids were grown from donors with Down syndrome and from neurotypical donors. After these organoids were grown and studied, they were then surgically implanted into mouse models to observe the physiological effects and any behavioral change in the chimera. Second, they consider a separate study wherein neurotypical human embryonic stem cell-derived cerebral organoids were grown and transplanted into mouse and macaque models. The aim was to observe if such a transplantation method would contribute to therapies for brain injury or stroke. The authors place both studies under the lens of the 6Ps framework, assess the relevant contexts of each case, and provide relevant normative conclusions. In this way, they demonstrate how the 6Ps could be applied in future cases of neural-chimeras and cerebral organoid xenotransplantation.
SMITH AT 300: MEN OF BLESSED AND BEGUILING INGENUITY
Authors: Drylie Scott
Published: February 2023

Adam Smith’s excellence in the art of belles lettres is well known and is on vivid display in his most memorable quotes, enriching his arguments and augmenting their impact. Sometimes, however, the effects of time obscure his artistry and purpose. The following passage from the Wealth of Nations ([1776] 1981; WN) is one such example. It contains an overlooked expression of Smith’s liberal vision and serves to encourage further exploration of the relationship between form and substance in his writing.
SMITH AT 300: COMMERCIAL SOCIETY AND THE WOMEN’S QUESTION
Authors: Kuchař Pavel
Published: February 2023

Adam Smith’s views on inequality have recently been examined with some interest (Rasmussen 2016; Walraevens 2021). But was Smith really genuinely interested in addressing the shortcomings of the society built on the “liberal plan of equality, liberty and justice” (Smith 1975, Wealth of Nations; WN IV.ix)? While critical accounts of Smith’s thought may tend to zero in on his concerns with absolute poverty—or the equality in the “share of the necessaries of life” (Smith 1976, Theory of Moral Sentiments; TMS IV.1.10)—rather than economic inequality, they may perhaps also tend to confuse his account of our tendencies to admire the rich and powerful with the advocacy of a system in which the rich and powerful ride roughshod over the poor and disempowered as long as the order of the society founded on the “distinction of ranks” (TMS I.iii.2) is preserved.
Evaluating a novel hospital-based online health community to address palliative and psychosocial care factors for chronically ill adolescent and young adult patients
Authors: LeBeau Kelsea , Collins Sarah , Zori Gaia , Walker Drew , Marchi Emily , Pomeranz Jamie L. , Hart Mark
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Chronically ill adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients experience barriers to accessing psychosocial care. AYAs who receive palliative and psychosocial care experience numerous benefits from these services. However, we still lack research investigating age-appropriate programs targeting AYAs’ psychosocial needs that are delivered virtually and extend beyond the hospital setting. Streetlight is a palliative care program designed for chronically ill AYAs that offers the Streetlight Gaming League (SGL), an online health community (OHC) combining peer-based support, online gaming, and community events. We evaluated the usefulness, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of SGL through an assessment of chronically ill AYAs’ lived experiences.

Methods

We used a qualitative evaluation approach grounded in hermeneutic phenomenology. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted with 9 chronically ill AYAs to elicit in-depth accounts of their lived experiences of using SGL. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on questionnaire data. Phenomenological data analysis, informed by hermeneutic analysis, was used to analyze interviews.

Results

AYAs reported positive experiences with SGL and valued the ability to engage in various content while having few participation expectations. They also described psychosocial benefits, including reprieve from illness, sense of community, and solidarity through mutual understandings and shared experiences.

Significance of the results

Findings highlight the usefulness and acceptability of a virtual palliative psychosocial care program for chronically ill AYAs. Findings also suggest the effectiveness of SGL and support using an OHC to meet the psychosocial needs of AYAs. This study can guide future programming and implementation of online palliative psychosocial care programs in other hospital settings, resulting in similar beneficial and meaningful experiences.
The new magnetar SGR J1830–0645 in outburst
Authors: Coti Zelati Francesco
Published: February 2023

The magnetar SGR J1830–0645 was discovered in outburst in October 2020. We studied its X-ray properties during the first month of the outburst using XMM–Newton, NuSTAR and Swift observations. The shape and amplitude of the pulse profile varied significantly with energy. The broadband spectrum was well described using two absorbed blackbody components plus a faint power law component at high energies. Phase-resolved spectral analysis of the data suggests that the emission could be attributed to thermal photons from a single heated region with a complex shape on the star surface undergoing resonant Compton scattering on charged particles located in the magnetosphere. Modelling the evolutionary path of the magnetar with our magneto-thermal evolutionary codes indicates that SGR J1830 was born ≈23 kyr ago with a dipolar magnetic field of ∼1015 G, slightly larger than the current value.
Polarized emission from strongly magnetized sources
Authors: Taverna Roberto , Turolla Roberto , Zane Silvia , Suleimanov Valery , Potekhin Alexander Y.
Published: February 2023

Anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and Soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) form together a single class of astrophysical sources, commonly associated to magnetars. New-generation X-ray polarimeters will play a key role in assessing the nature of these sources by directly probing the star magnetic field. In the highly magnetized environment radiation is expected to be strongly polarized and such a measure will be easily within reach of IXPE and eXTP. Polarization measurements will eventually confirm the presence of ultra-strong magnetic fields, probing the magnetar scenario. In this work we will discuss theoretical expectations for the polarization signature of AXPs and SGRs and present numerical simulations for the detector response of the polarimeters currently under construction. We will also show how these sources can be used to test vacuum birefringence, a QED effect predicted by Heisemberg and Euler in the Thirties and not experimentally verified as yet.
Silicon K-edge Dust Properties of Neutron Star Low-mass X-ray Binaries
Authors: Danehkar A.
Published: February 2023

The dust properties of the line-of-sight materials in neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) can be probed by X-ray observations and laboratory experiments. We use a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to conduct a spectral analysis of Chandra ACIS-S/HETG archival data of a sample of LMXBs, including GX 5-1 and GX 13+1. Our MCMC-based analysis puts constraints on the Si K-edge dust properties of the outflowing disk winds in this sample. Further X-ray observations of other LMXBs will help us better understand the grain features of dense outflows and accretion flows in neutron star binary systems.
Kilonovae and short GRBs observations in the multi-messenger era
Authors: D’Avanzo Paolo
Published: February 2023

The spectacular detection of the first electromagnetic counterpart of a gravitational wave event detected by the LIGO/Virgo interferometers and originated by the coalescence of a double neutron star (NS) system (GW 170817) marked the dawn of a new era for astronomy. The short GRB 170817A associated to the gravitational wave event provided the long-sought evidence that at least a fraction of short GRBs are originated by NS-NS merging and suggested the intriguing possibility that relativistic jets can be launched in the process of a NS-NS merger. The wealth of data collected provided the first compelling observational evidence for the existence of kilonovae, i.e. the emission due to radioactive decay of heavy nuclei produced through rapid neutron capture. Besides the remarkable event associated to GW 170817, kilonova signatures have been identified in a few short GRBs light curves, supporting a scenario where kilonovae are ubiquitous and can probe neutron star mergers well beyond the horizon of the gravitational wave detectors. In this paper I will review the situation and perspectives of our understanding of short GRBs progenitors and kilonovae in the multi-messenger era.
The non-trivial magnetic configuration in neutron stars
Authors: Viganò Daniele
Published: February 2023

While predominantly dipolar, large-scale magnetic fields are usually assumed in most studies involving neutron stars, there are multiple observational, theoretical hints and numerical simulations highlightening the importance of non-dipolar components. I review here the most important observational facts and numerical studies pointing towards the existence of magnetospheric currents and internal small-scale structures, arising from multipoles of poloidal and toroidal fields. This holds for all neutron star stages: at birth, during their lifetime and after a merger.
IXPE Simulations for magnetars
Authors: González-Caniulef Denis , Caiazzo Ilaria , Heyl Jeremy
Published: February 2023

Due to the rich phenomenology and extreme magnetic conditions, magnetars will be targets of great interest for the upcoming polarimetry space missions. In particular, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), recently launched in December 2021, will operate in the 2–8 keV range. This will open a new window to study the polarized, persistent X-ray emission from magnetars. In this talk, I will present simulations of IXPE observations of magnetars using the IXPEObsSim package. I will discuss future prospect to discriminate between different magnetar’s emission mechanisms, as well as a potential detection of the signal of vacuum birefringence using IXPE.
The neutron star neutron star merger GW170817: a multi–messenger study
Authors: Gianfagna Giulia , Piro Luigi , Troja Eleonora , van Eerten Hendrik , Ryan Geoffrey , Ricci Fulvio , Pannarale Francesco
Published: February 2023

We join gravitational-wave and electromagnetic data to implement a combined simultaneous fit of the GW170817 event. The LIGO-Virgo analysis includes the estimation of the inclination, the angle of the binary with respect to the gravitationa-wave detector network line of sight. From the observations of the afterglow, instead, we can recover the viewing angle. The inclination and the viewing angle are supplementary angles, and can be treated as a single parameter. The value of the inclination that we recover from the fit is in agreement with the LIGO-Virgo previous works, with an uncertainty that is 10-fold smaller, thanks to contribution of the electromagnetic data. Moreover, with the inclusion of the gravitational-wave data, the degeneracy between the viewing angle and the jet opening angle is broken. This procedure is useful not only for analyzing GW170817, but any gravitational-wave event with an electromagnetic counterpart.
Polarized Radiation Signals from Highly Magnetized Neutron Star Surfaces
Authors: Hu Kun , Baring Matthew G. , Barchas Joseph A. , Younes George
Published: February 2023

The surfaces of neutron stars are likely sources of strongly polarized soft X rays due to the presence of strong magnetic fields. Scattering transport in the surface layers is critical to the determination of the emergent anisotropy of light intensity, and is strongly influenced by the complicated interplay between linear and circular polarization information. We have developed a magnetic Thomson scattering simulation to model the outer layers of fully-ionized atmospheres in such compact objects. Here we summarize emergent intensities and polarizations from extended atmospheric simulations, spanning considerable ranges of magnetic colatitudes. General relativistic propagation of light from the surface to infinity is fully included. The net polarization degrees are moderate and not very small when summing over a variety of field directions. These results provide an important foundation for observations of magnetars to be acquired by NASA’s new IXPE X-ray polarimeter and future X-ray polarimetry missions.
Radio afterglows of Very High Energy Gamma-ray Bursts
Authors: Rhodes Lauren , van der Horst Alexander , Fender Rob
Published: February 2023

Five long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been found to have very high energy (VHE, > 100GeV) counterparts. Interestingly, more than one emission mechanism has been invoked to explain the VHE counterpart from different events. As a result of this discovery, it has become apparent that we have been missing half of the energy produced in the afterglow of GRBs. We have been studying the radio afterglows in order to investigate whether these VHE GRBs have unusual jet properties. Studying these events in the radio waveband is advantageous as the emission at lower frequencies is brighter for longer enabling detailed, long term study of the jet evolution. The jet properties and environments of these GRBs vary hugely in a similar manner to that seen in the ‘regular’ long GRB population with evidence of bright reverse shock emission and multiple jet components. This work is presented on behalf of a much larger collaboration.
Modeling kilonova emission from neutron star mergers
Authors: Tanaka Masaomi , Kato Daiji , Gaigalas Gediminas , Kawaguchi Kyohei , Radžiūtė Laima , Rynkun Pavel , Banerjee Smaranika , Domoto Nanae
Published: February 2023

Coalescence of binary neutron stars gives rise to kilonova, thermal emission powered by radioactive decays of newly synthesized r-process nuclei. Observational properties of kilonova are largely affected by bound-bound opacities of r-process elements. It is, thus, important to understand atomic properties of heavy elements to link the observed signals with nucleosynthesis of neutron star mergers. In this paper, we introduce the latest status of kilonova modeling by focusing on the aspects of atomic physics. We perform systematic atomic structure calculations of r-process elements to understand element-to-element variation in the opacities. We demonstrate that the properties of the atomic structure of heavy elements are imprinted in the opacities of the neutron star merger ejecta and consequently in the kilonova light curves and spectra. Using this latest opacity dataset, we briefly discuss implications for GW170817, expected diversity of kilonova emission, and prospects for element identification in kilonova spectra.
Improving agnostic searches of Gravitational Waves from Neutron Star instabilities using image filtering
Authors: Pierini Lorenzo
Published: February 2023

In this paper I present a method to enhance the search sensitivity for long transient Gravitational Waves produced by Neutron Star instabilities. This method consists in a selective image filter, called Triangular Filter, to be applied to data spectrograms. It is shown that thanks to this implementation a ∼20% gain in sensitivity is achievable.
NS parameters from IXPE data of AMPs
Authors: Di Marco Alessandro , Papitto Alessandro , Pilia Maura , Poutanen Juri , Salmi Tuomo
Published: February 2023

IXPE is a NASA/ASI Small Explorer Mission. It will probe the X-ray polarization properties of celestial sources. In particular, for Accretion-powered Millisecond Pulsars (AMPs), IXPE can provide us with unique information on their geometry. These information together with pulse shape modelling will strongly boost the achievable sensitivity on measuring the AMPs mass and the radius. As a case-study, we simulated an observation of SAXJ1808.4-3658 and studied the accuracy that can be achieved in the measured time-dependent Stokes profiles. From these data we estimated how well IXPE will be able to constraint NS geometrical parameters, such as the inclination and hot-spot co-latitude angles.
Constraining three-nucleon forces with multimessenger data
Authors: Sabatucci Andrea
Published: February 2023

A detailed description of the properties of dense matter in extreme conditions, as those within Neutron Star cores, is still an open problem, whose solution is hampered by both the lack of empirical data, and by the difficulties in developing a suitable theoretical framework for the microscopic nuclear dynamics in such regimes.

We report here the results of a study aimed at inferring the properties of the repulsive three-nucleon interaction, driving the stiffness of the equation of state at high densities, by performing bayesian inference on current and future astrophysical observations.
The environments and hosts of neutron star mergers and short GRBs
Authors: Thöne Christina C.
Published: February 2023

The hosts of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers and hence short GRBs are not only galaxies with old stellar populations, infact most short GRB hosts are at least mildly star-forming galaxies. According to theoretical studies of merger populations, both short and long merging time-scales are expected. The immediate environments of BNS mergers are not as directly related to the property of the progenitor system as for long GRBs, since the system usually travelled a significant distance from their birth place. However, studying the stellar population properties across the host can still give us vital information on the contribution of formation channels and on merger timescales. Here we review the properties of NS merger hosts in emission using integrated-light and resolved observations. The afterglows of short GRBs furthermore serve to study the interstellar medium in their host galaxies in absorption. We present our best example to date, GRB 160410A at z = 1.7, one of the highest redshift short GRBs.
Equation-of-State effects on Gravitational Waves in Core-Collapse Supernovae
Authors: Eggenberger Andersen Oliver , Zha Shuai , da Silva Schneider André , Betranhandy Aurore , Couch Sean M. , O’Connor Evan P.
Published: February 2023

The nuclear equation-of-state (EOS) describing newly formed proto-neutron stars (PNSs) in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) is yet uncertain, and varying its prescription affects multimessenger signatures in CCSN simulations. Focusing on the gravitational wave (GW) signal, we demonstrate the effect of varying parameter values in the EOS. We conclude that an especially important parameter is the effective mass of nucleons which affect thermal properties and subsequently the PNS compactness, regulating the GW signal in both amplitude and frequency. By radially decomposing the GW emission, we show where in the PNS the GWs originate from.
Force-free and twisted, relativistic neutron star magnetosphere
Authors: Ntotsikas Dimitris , Gourgouliatos Konstantinos N.
Published: February 2023

In this poster we present the structure of an axisymmetric, force-free magnetosphere of a twisted, aligned rotating dipole within a corotating plasma-filled magnetosphere. We explore various profiles for the twist. We find that as the current increases more field lines cross the light cylinder leading to more efficient spin-down. Moreover, we notice that the twist cannot be increased indefinitely and after a finite twist of about π/2 the field becomes approximately radial. This could have implications for torque variations of magnetars related to outbursts.
Heating from Electron Captures by Nuclei in Magnetar Crusts
Authors: Chamel Nicolas , Fantina Anthea Francesca , Suleiman Lami , Zdunik Julian-Leszek , Haensel Pawel
Published: February 2023

The decay of the magnetic field in the interior of a magnetar may trigger electron captures by nuclei in the stellar crust, thus providing an internal source of heating. In turn, the onset of electron captures and the heat released are altered by the magnetic field due to the Landau–Rabi quantization of electron motion. The loss of magnetic pressure might also lead to pycnonuclear fusions of the lightest elements. The maximum amount of heat that can be possibly released by each reaction and their location are calculated using nuclear data from both experiments and theoretical predictions of the Brussels-Montreal models based on self-consistent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations. Results are found to be consistent with those inferred empirically by comparing neutron-star cooling simulations with observed thermal luminosity of soft gamma-ray repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars.