bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As novas relações socioeconômicas no meio rural: uma análise crítica acerca da cédula do produtor rural (CPR) como vetor da concentração fundiária
Authors: Meniconi Pedro Almeida
Published: December 2020

Este artigo consiste numa interpretação da realidade rural brasileira a partir do escasseamento do crédito rural oficial – dada a partir da crise fiscal dos anos 1980 - e sua substituição pelos novos instrumentos privados de financiamento rural. Identificam-se e se relacionam nessa dinâmica: o deslocamento da função do Estado e a reestruturação produtiva e fundiária ocorrida no Brasil nas últimas duas décadas. Destacase nessa dinâmica a reorganização do espaço rural brasileiro, avançando espacialmente a produção de culturas voltadas ao mercado externo, em detrimento dos produtos que atendem ao mercado interno e se intensifica a concentração fundiária no país. Este período é marcado pela formação dos derivativos do agronegócio, em especial a cédula do produtor rural (CPR).
Ecos de 60: Impossibilidade macroestrutural, possibilidades microestruturais. Com Júlia M. Rebouças
Authors: Slerca Mariana Regis , Ruiz da Silva Gustavo
Published: December 2020

Entrevista realizada com Júlia Rebouças, curadora, pesquisadora e crítica de arte.
Сталий розвиток: захист навколишнього середовища. Енергоощадність. Збалансоване природокористування
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2020

Published by results of the 6th International Congress «Sustainable Development: Environmental Protection. Energy Saving. Sustainable Environmental Management» The monograph is devoted to the coverage of the results of scientific reports announced at the 6th International Congress «Sustainable Development: Environmental Protection. Energy Saving. Sustainable Environmental Management», on the topic: environmental aspects, biodiversity preservation, monitoring, audit, system analysis and risk assessment; renewable and nontraditional energy sources; innovation nature protection technologies. Technologies for efficiency increase from using materials, water and energy. Eco-innovation in architecture; education and rearing for sustainable development; economic-management support for construction, implementation and commercializing of eco-innovations in the system of sustainable development; development of environmental tourism in sustainable development aspect; civil safety in the aspect of sustainable development. For scientists, teachers, graduate students, doctoral students, etc.
KUALITAS MIKROBIOLOGI LIMBAH KUBIS FERMENTASI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN VITAMIN DAN MINERAL
Authors: Utama Cahya Setya , Sugiharto Sugiharto , Putri Rizki Aprilia
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengkaji kualitas mikrobiologi limbah kubis fermentasi yang ditambah vitamin dan mineral dilihat dari kandungan total bakteri, bakteri Gram positif dan negatif. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari perbedaan penambahan vitamin dan mineral sebanyak 0% (T0), 2,5% (T1), 5% (T2), 7,5% (T3); 10% (T4). Parameter penelitian adalah total bakteri, bakteri Gram positif dan negatif. Pengolahan data pada parameter total bakteri menggunakan metode deskriptif sedangkan parameter bakteri Gram positif dan negatif diolah menggunakan ANOVA non parametrik dan jika ada pengaruh yang nyata dilanjutkan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan jumlah bakteri meningkat dengan bertambahnya mineral dan penambahan vitamin, sedangkan bakteri Gram positif dan negatif tidak berbeda (P<0,05) antar perlakuan. Kesimpulannya, penambahan mineral dan vitamin meningkatkan jumlah bakteri pada limbah kubis fermentasi, tanpa mempengaruhi bakteri Gram positif dan negatif. Kata kunci: Bakteri, Fermentasi, Limbah kubis, Mineral, Vitamin
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG DAUN JATI DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS AYAM PETELUR
Authors: Edi Didik Nur
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunaan tepung daun jati sebagai alternatif pengganti antibiotik sintetis terhadap profitabilitas ayam petelur. Materi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 240 ekor ayam petelur strain Isa Brown berumur 30 minggu. Ayam petelur tersebut dikelompokkan secara acak ke dalam 6 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan (masing-masing ulangan menggunakan 10 ekor ayam petelur). Perlakuan yang digunakan terdiri dari perlakuan kontrol: tanpa aditif pakan, AV: 0,05% antibiotik virginiamycin, dan penambahan tepung daun jati pada level 0,4%, 0,8%, 1,2%, dan 1,6%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap total konsumsi ransum, biaya ransum, dan total biaya, akan tetapi memberikan pengaruh nyata (P≤0,05) terhadap total massa telur, pendapatan penjualan telur, keuntungan, dan R/C ratio. Penambahan tepung daun jati pada level 1,2% dan 1,6% dapat meningkatkan (P≤0,05) total massa telur, pendapatan penjualan telur, keuntungan, dan R/C ratio jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan control, tetapi perlakuan tersebut tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan AV. Kesimpulan peneltiian bahwa tepung daun jati dapat digunakan sebagai aditif pakan untuk meningkatkan profitabilitas ayam petelur dan penggunaan tepung daun jati pada level 1,2% efektif untuk menggantikan antibiotik sintetis. Kata kunci: Aditif pakan, Antibiotik, Fitobiotik, R/C ratio, Tectona grandis L.
PENGARUH MULTI NUTRIENT SAUCE (MNS) DENGAN DOSIS YANG BERBEDA DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP KECERNAAN PROTEIN KASAR DAN SERAT KASAR PADA DOMBA
Authors: Muhtarudin, dan Agung Kusuma Wijaya M Alvin Rifqi Fadilla, Erwanto,
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of addition of Multinutrient Sauce (MNS) in the ration on digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in sheep.  This research was conducted in May—July 2019 at the People's Farm of Kebagusan Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran Regency.  The digestibility analysis of crude protein and crude fiber was carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Animal Husbandry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung.  This study used a randomized block design (RBD) based on sheep body weight with six groups and three treatments, namely R0 (ration without MNS); R1 (R0 + MNS 5%); and R2 (R0 + MNS 10%).  The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA at a 5% significance level or 1% significance, and continued with further test using Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) if there is significant results.  The results showed that the addition of 10% MNS in the ration had a significant effect (P<0.05) on increasing the digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in sheep.

 

Keywords: multi nutrient sauce (MNS), digestibility of crude protein, digestibility of crude fiber, sheep.
PENGARUH PERLAKUAN SKARIFIKASI TERHADAP DAYA KECAMBAH TANAMAN SAGA POHON (Adenanthera pavonina L.)
Authors: Muhtarudin dan Agung Kusuma Wijaya Cindy Yurike Aprilia, Liman,
Published: December 2020

This research aimed to investigate the effect of various scarification treatments on the germination of tree saga seeds (Adenanthera pavonina L.). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments in this study were P0 (control), P1 (soaked using distilled water for 24 hours), P2 (soaked using hot water 60 °C for 15 minutes), P3 (sanded skin), P4 (soaked using 1% H2SO4 for 30 minutes), and P5 (soaked using goat urine for 30 minutes).  The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) level of 5%. The results showed that the treatment had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on germination rate. The best treatment that can increase the germination of a tree saga seeds (Adenanthera pavonina L.) was by eroding the seed skin using sandpaper. This treatment can produce an average germination of 78.89%, while the treatment that produce the highest abnormal seeds was found in the treatment by soaking using 1% H2SO4 for 30 minutes.  The treatment that produce normal seeds, dead seeds, and the highest fungus-stricken seeds were found in the treatment by eroding the seed skin using sandpaper. The treatment that produced the highest hard seed was control.

 

Keywords: Germination, Saga, Scarification.
ESTIMASI NILAI RIPITABILITAS DAN NILAI MOST PROBABLE PRODUCING ABILITY BOBOT LAHIR SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE DI DESA WAWASAN KECAMATAN TANJUNG SARI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: And Akhmad Dakhlan Ede Sutisna, Sulastri, M. Dima Iqbal Hamdani,
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine the value of repeatability and Most Probable Producing Ability (MPPA) of birth weight of Ongole grade cattle (PO) in Wawasan Village, Tanjungsari District, Lampung Selatan Regency. The method used in this study was a survey conducted in February-April 2019 in Wawasan Village, Tanjungsari District, Lampung Selatan Regency, Lampung Province. The material used was 61 female PO cattle that gave birth twice in 2015 to 2019 and had a birth weight record for their offspring. The variables observed were recording of birth weight and sex of PO calves generated from the mothers in the first parity and second parity. Birth weight data were corrected for sex to calculate the estimated value of repeatability using interclass correlation. The results showed that the average of corrected birth weight was 25.21 ± 1.67 kg with a birth weight repeatability value of 0.24 and the average MPPA value of 25.21 ± 0.65 kg. A total of 32 dams (52.46%) can be selected as parents in the breeding area. Based on these results it can be concluded that the genetic quality improvement of PO cattle in Wawasan Village, Tajungsari District could be done through parent selection based on the MPPA value of birth weight.

 

Keywords: PO cattle, Repeatability estimate, Most Probable Producing Ability, Birth weight
SUBTITUSI PENGGUNAAN SILASE TEBON JAGUNG DENGAN SILASE SORGHUM TERHADAP KECERNAAN SERAT KASAR DAN PROTEIN KASAR PADA SAPI LOKAL PENGGEMUKAN
Authors: Farida Fathul, dan Erwanto Rizky Ramadhanu Wibisono, Liman,
Published: December 2020

The research that aimed to find out the level of substitution of corn crop silage with sorghum silage as a future feed ingredient on the fiber and protein digestibility of beef cattle has been held in May -- July 2018 in the people's farm in Negla Sari village, South Lampung Regency, Lampung. This study used  Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and three replications. The treatments given were R1: 30% corn crop silage + 70% concentrate; R2: 15% corn crop silage + 15% sorghum silage + 70% concentrate; and R3: 30% sorghum silage + 70% concentrate. This research used nine beef cattle which were allocated in individual cages. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of covariance using a 5% significance level. Variables in this study were fiber and protein digestibility. The results showed that substitution of the use of corn crop silage with sorghum silage did not significantly affect (P>0.05) on the fiber and protein digestibility. 

Keywords:  Beef cattle, Digestibility fiber, Digestibility protein, Sorghum silage, Silage corn, crop
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN FERMENTASI DAN AMONIASI KULIT SINGKONG DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERTAMBAHAN BOBOT TUBUH DAN KONVERSI PAKAN PADA TERNAK DOMBA JANTAN
Authors: Jaya Yuswan , Muhtarudin Muhtarudin , Adhianto Kusuma , Erwanto Erwanto
Published: December 2020

This research intended to determine the effect of using fermented and ammoniated of cassava peel on body weight gain and feed convertion in male sheep.  This research was conducted in June until August 2019 in a cage unit located in the Animal Husbandry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Lampung University.  The research used Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments and 3 replications.  Experimental unit of this experiment were nine sheeps.  The treatment used were P0 (Ration + 15% cassava peel without processing), P1 (Ration + fermented cassava peel), and P2 (Ration + ammoniated cassava peel).  Variable in this study were feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion.  The data obtained were analyzed for variance with significance level 5%.  The results showed that the use of fermented and amoniated of cassava peel was not significant (P>0,05) on feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion.  Conclusion of this research is that fermented and ammoniated of cassava peel use in ration did not significantly increase body weight of sheep.

 

Key words: Amoniation, Body weight gain, Cassava peel, Feed convertion rate, Fermentation
PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN DAGING SAPI DALAM BLEND JAHE (Zingiber officinalle Roscoe) TERHADAP pH dan KEEMPUKAN
Authors: Suratno Suratno , Husni Ali , Riyanti Rr , Septinova Dian
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine the effect of soaking time for beef meat in ginger blend (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on pH and tenderness. This research was conducted at the Animal Production and Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. Meat samples were obtained from Z-Beef slaugher house at Bandarlampung. The study used an experimental method in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications using a 15% ginger blend solution. The treatments were beef meat without soaking, soaking for 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes with ginger blend. The results obtained were analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level and continued with the Least Significant Difference test (LSD test). The results showed that the soaking time with ginger blend had no significant effect (P>0.005) on the pH value, but it had a significant effect (P<0.005) on the tenderness of beef meat with soaking time was up to 30 minutes.

 

Key words: Beef, Ginger, Soaking time,  pH, and tenderness
SIMULASI PEMILIHAN METODE ANALISIS CLUSTER HIRARKI AGGLOMERATIVE TERBAIK ANTARA AVERAGE LINKAGE DAN WARD PADA DATA YANG MENGANDUNG MASALAH MULTIKOLINEARITAS
Authors:   Jurusan Matematika, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Lampung, Wibowo Rizki , Nisa Khoirin ,   Jurusan Matematika, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Lampung, Faisol Ahmad ,   Jurusan Matematika, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Lampung, Setiawan Eri ,   Jurusan Matematika, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Lampung
Published: December 2020

Multikolinearitas adalah hubungan linear yang ada di antara variabel independen, pada analisis klaster efek yang ditimbulkan oleh multikolinearitas berbeda, dikarenakan pada dasarnya multikolinearitas adalah bentuk pembobotan implisit. Analisis komponen utama dapat digunakan untuk mereduksi jumlah himpunan peubah yang banyak dan saling berkorelasi menjadi peubah-peubah baru yang tidak berkorelasi dengan mempertahankan sebanyak mungkin keragaman data tersebut, dengan menggunakan hasil analisis komponen utama dilakukan analisis klaster menggunakan metode average linkage dan Ward, yang kemudian akan dipilih metode terbaiknya berdasarkan nilai indeks Dunn dan indeks RS, didapat kesimpulan bahwa metode Ward adalah metode terbaik dibandingkan average linkage yang ditinjau berdasarkan indeks RS, sedangkan dengan menggunakan indeks Dunn didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa metode average linkage adalah metode terbaik dibandingkan Ward.
Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Keinginan Mahasiswa dalam Menggunakan Media Sosial
Authors: Cendrawan Julianti , R. P. Ajisuksmo Clara
Published: December 2020

Penggunaan media sosial memberikan kemudahan pada individu dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Hal ini berdampak pada peningkatan jumlah pengguna media sosial di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keinginan individu dalam menggunakan media sosial. Penelitian dilakukan di salah satu perguruan tinggi swasta di Jakarta dengan responden penelitian sebanyak 137 mahasiswa strata satu (S1). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh perilaku pencarian informasi, perilaku hedonik, dan rasa kekomunitasan terhadap keinginan individu untuk menggunakan media sosial.
Pola Konsumsi Berita pada Kelompok Khalayak Digital di Kota Bandar Lampung
Authors: Suciska Wulan , Gunawibawa Eka Yuda
Published: December 2020

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola konsumsi berita di Bandar Lampung sekaligus melihat jenis media massa serta berita yang dipercaya dan paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan metode survei. Indikator penelitian berupa akses dan terpaan media serta motif keaktifan khalayak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para digital natives dan digital immigrants memiliki ketertarikan dan pola konsumsi tinggi terhadap berita karena kemampuan mereka dalam menggunakan teknologi digital dan internet. Hal ini berbeda dengan digital settlers yang tingkat ketertarikan dan pola konsumsi beritanya rendah.
Legal problems of rational nature management in the arctic zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Safin Zavdat Fajzrakhmanovich , Luneva Elena Viktorovna , Rednikova Tatiana Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The paper examines the environmental and legal problems of rational nature management in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation being based on an analysis of the works by Russian and foreign scientists. The main ecological and legal directions for the development of rational nature management in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, such as (1) the creation of transboundary specially protected natural areas and an increase in the number of national ones; (2) elimination of objects of accumulated harm to the environment, within the framework of which not only the object of accumulated harm itself is disposed, but measures are taken to improve ecological systems; (3) development of aquaculture. It is shown that the development of legal support and management decisions in the field of rational environmental management in the Arctic should be based on coordinated actions of all Arctic states and on the ecosystem approach.
Professional competence of foreign language
Authors: Vinnikova Мarina N. , Soboleva Nina P. , Venidiktova Elena V. , Khairullina Elmira Robertovna , Nasretdinova Aziza Salavatovna
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the consideration of the relevance and analysis of the formation of the professional competence of a foreign language teacher. This is due to the modern socio-cultural conditions, new educational standards, and the ever-increasing requirements for the process of teaching foreign languages. The term "professional competence" is considered using an integrated methodology, which includes theoretical and empirical research methods. The authors have concluded that the professional competence of a foreign language teacher is a complex of various skills and abilities facilitating effective cooperation between the teacher and students in certain professional situations. Furthermore, the authors see the solutions to these problems, the creation of a flexible and mobile system of advanced training and the search for more effective forms of interaction between educational institutions, methodological services, and professional associations of teachers for purposeful continuous pedagogical education of teachers of a foreign language.
Semantics of Tatar ornamental motives
Authors: Goryacheva Olga N. , Arefyeva Svetlana М. , Arefyeva Кseniia I.
Published: December 2020

The decorative and applied art of the Kazan Tatars includes ornamental motives which are studied in the article from the point of view of the art semiotics. The relevance of the work is associated with realization of the relationship between the formation of ornamental elements with gesture and sound which in the process of evolution promoted to the creation of a pictorial language. The detected interaction is revealed through the description and ornamentation analysis method in all its forms: geometric outline, zoomorphic, plant, combined, religious, epigraphic, heraldic embodied by the Kazan Tatars in the objects of decorative and applied art. A review of the museum and collection base exhibits of ornamental art objects helped to classify them according to the types of ornamentation: visual, combined and non-visual. The aim of the paper was to analyze the ethno cultural features of Tatar art through the semantics of ornamental motives.
Social and emotional representation of the concept in the linguistic picture of the world
Authors: Grigoryeva Leona Leonidovna , Zakirova Roza Rafailovna , Shakirzyanova Rozaliya Malikovna , Novgorodovaiv Elena Evgenyevna , Taymasovav Rauza Mavletovna
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the article is the problem of studying of key concepts of the cultures which is in recent times one of the dominant positions within the framework of the problem of interaction and mutual influence of language and culture. In this regard, this work is carried out within the framework of directions of modern linguistics, cultural linguistics. The purpose of the study is to examine the representation of linguistic-cultural concept of "Моң" (lyrical sadness, melody, nostalgia) on the material of Tatar songs, proverbs, phraseological units and fiction in the Tatar language consciousness. The chosen method of linguoculturological analysis, including the observation of language material and the description of linguistic facts, the method of analysis of dictionary definitions, etymological, contextual and interpretative analyses, the method of structural-semantic modeling of lexical units allowed the authors to thoroughly review and analyze the studied concept.
Euphemization features of current french political articles headlines
Authors: Baghana Jerome , Sleptsova Svetlana V. , Kuzmina Oksana V. , Svishchev Guennadi V. , Akinshina Inna B.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the analyses of the headline linguistic constructions of French political articles, including euphemisms, presented in such modern mass media in France and Belgium as «Le Monde», «Le Monde diplomatique», «L'OBS», «L'Express», «La Libre», «Marianne», «L'Opinion». Currently, journalists consider euphemizing to be a common feature of the headlines of the articles concerning political issues. This technique effects readers’ emotions smoothly. Implementation of euphemisms in French articles of journalistic genre helps avoid mentioning unpleasant or even shocking reality. The enhancement technique is used in the case a lexeme of positive meaning replaces a negative phenomenon or fact. The examples, given in this article, highlight the manipulative nature of euphemisms, which is specific for the French political press style. Recipients should be informed about political issues, but occasionally the authorities and the media provide them with facts in a specific manner not to cause strong, sometimes premature confusion and discontent.
Specificity of social adaptation among university teachers of pre-retirement age
Authors: Fedosyuk Denis
Published: December 2020

The article presents a sociological analysis of a topical research problem related to the study of the specifics of social adaptation of university teachers of pre-retirement age. We used a focused interview method (we used a quality strategy). The respondents were university professors aged from 58 to 64 years old (women and men, respectively, of pre-retirement age). The study has a goal to collect preliminary primary information on the problem of social adaptation of teachers of pre-retirement age working at universities. Respondents are much more worried about the difficulties of adapting to the status of a “teacher of pre-retirement age” than to the changes in their health status; the majority of respondents would like to continue their professional activities at retirement age. The potential for human resources development in the higher education system lies in successful social and professional adaptation and cooperation of teachers with different teaching experience.
Analysis of import substitution model in Russian pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Khobotova Svetlana N.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the internal-oriented, external-oriented and mixed import substitution models that are implemented in the economies of various countries, including Russia. The essence, features and effects of import substitution in the industry are analyzed depending on the goals and possibilities of economic development of countries aspect. The results of the import substitution policy based on a mixed model in the pharmaceutical industry of Russia are revealed. The necessity of implementing the import substitution model on the basis of innovative development is indicated, which should, on the one hand, reduce the import of foreign-made medicines, and on the other hand, increase the export of this product group. It is emphasized that the implementation of such a policy requires comprehensive investment, infrastructure, and research governmental support. Evaluation of the efficiency of the industry development in the context of import substitution is calculated on the basis of state statistics and data of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation. Mainly the positive impact of the import substitution policy for 2011-2018 on the Russian pharmaceutical industry is proved, the problems of further development of the industry are identified. The need to increase the international competitiveness of Russian pharmaceutical products is noted.
Geopolitical Competition of World Political Actors for Influence on Contemporary Serbia
Authors:   Kuban State University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7847-1679, Baranov Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The author of the paper finds out the manifestations of the geopolitical competition of world political actors (the United States, NATO, the European Un-ion) for influence on Serbia in 2008–2020. The study focuses on the political interests of these actors and strategies for their implementation. Serbia is strate-gically important for Western countries as the miss-ing link for full control over the Balkans and isola-tion of Russia. Turkey, which is pursuing a neo-Ottoman course, is interested in restoring its control over the Balkans, which is being hindered by Serbia. Ethnopolitical and confessional conflicts in Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina are used by the United States, NATO, and the European Union to increase pressure on the Serbian leadership. Serbia’s geopo-litical orientations remain inconsistent, reflecting attempts to maneuver between competing world players. The possibilities for such a policy are steadily shrinking, leaving Serbia with a geopolitical choice to make.
Formation of a Sustainable Forest Management Strategy
Authors:   Siberian branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Puntsukova Svetlana Dorzhievna
Published: December 2020

The paper is focused on the problem of developing a strategy for sustainable forest management and the forest sector of the economy of the territories. The aim is to improve approaches to its creation based on an ecosystem approach to generating real economic incomes from forest products and forest services and improving the environment. For this, the conceptual framework of the study based on the ecosystem approach is substantiated, considering the relationship between ecosystem services of the forest and various forms of their contribution to the economic development of territories, taking into account the forest and non-forest sectors of the economy. To determine the ecosystem services of the forest, the methods of direct counting, compara-tive analysis, assessment of “willingness to pay”, assessment of the carbon budget, etc. were used. The study of the economic value of the ecosystem services of the forest of transboundary territories showed the differences between the direct and indi-rect contribution of forests to the economy of the regions, which are determined by climatic features, the state of the forest fund, the degree of forestry activities, applied methods of forest management and forest use. The study made it possible to devel-op strategic directions for sustainable management of forest ecosystem services in transboundary terri-tories and to draw a conclusion about the need to move from a conservation type of forest manage-ment to the principles of sustainable development based on the preservation and enhancement of the economic, social and ecological value of forests.
Learning Environments of Ingushetia: Archaism and Modernity
Authors:   Kuban State University, Tseloeva Dephan Magometovna , Shepel Elona Vyacheslavovna ,   Kuban State University
Published: December 2020

The study is devoted to learning environments of Ingushetia. The development of the Ingush national and regional educational space was accompanied by combination and competition of three learning environments: the environment of secular Russian-language education, this of religious Arabic-language education and the environment of folk pedagogy. They made and still make an impact on nurture and education of pupils. Besides, in the context of the emergence and development of the information society and information technology in the educational space of Ingushetia, the fourth new learning environment appeared, that is a digital environment. The study describes these learning environments and their influence on the educational process. The results of the study can be used by education institutions.
Issues of Local Significance on Preventive Work with People Exposed to the Ideology of Terrorism in Ethnic Communities in the Flows of Labor Migrants
Authors:   Kursk Academy of State and Municipal Service, Levin Aleksei Ivanovich , Levina Lyudmila Viktorovna ,   Southwest State University, Grevtseva Natalya Vladimirovna ,   Kursk Academy of State and Municipal Service
Published: December 2020

The present study considers the issues of organization of activities aimed at prevention of manifestations of extremism and terrorism among migrant workers by local governments. The tasks assigned to local authorities are determined by national policy priorities and the local operational situation. There are specified a number of social effects that arise as a result of the influx of migrants, especially in the labor sphere. It is also noted that labor migrants may, under certain circumstances, become disseminators of extremism and terrorism ideology. Special attention is paid to the processes of involvement of migrants from Central Asia in illegal activities. In connection with the above stated circumstances, there are determined complex tasks concerning prevention of extremism manifestations in places of compact settlement of migrants, as well as the tasks of interdepartmental interaction, general, complex and additional preventive activities, targeted work with certain individuals. In conclusion it is emphasized that competent preventive work with labor migrants and the local community will allow to maintain peaceful interaction between different confessions and nationalities within a municipality.
“Futebol moderno”: o posicionamento de times de futebol contra a homofobia
Authors: Feitosa Anselmo Penha , Câmara Marco Túlio Pena
Published: December 2020

As novas tecnologias de informação permitem novas formas de interação entre usuários e produção de conteúdo, diversificando sua divulgação. Prova disso são as redes sociais digitais em que se divulgam marcas e ideias, permitindo maior interação entre os internautas. O presente artigo busca analisar como o combate à homofobia está sendo trabalhado nas redes por times de futebol brasileiros, a partir de campanhas e da recepção do público pelos comentários. Para tanto, foram consideradas as características contra-hegemônicas permitidas com o avanço da Internet e as interações permitidas no ciberespaço como importante fator de formação identitário. Reconheceu-se a relevância de campanhas contra homofobia em espaços destinados ao futebol, principalmente porque este é um esporte que contribui para a reprodução de preconceitos relacionados à masculinidade. No entanto, a partir das análises, pode-se perceber que grande parte da recepção dessas campanhas ainda produz em favor da manutenção de preconceitos enraizados na cultura do futebol.
An Exploration of COVID-19 Management Policies across Nine African Countries
Authors: Odingo Myron
Published: December 2020

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has registered more than 16 million cases and has been declared a global pandemic. Social distancing measures have been recommended as part of health policies aimed at reducing the transmission of the disease. These have resulted in adverse social and economic implications; many countries are therefore discussing exit strategies for the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions. Aim: To explore the COVID-19 management policies and their outcomes among 9 African countries in order to guide the upcoming and ongoing relaxation of containment and mitigation measures. Methods: Daily COVID-19 statistics were obtained from the World Health Organization between12th March 2020 and 17th July 2020). Data on government policies was obtained from the Human Data Exchange Program between 20th January 2020 and 24th July 2020, a service operated by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Data analysis was conducted using the Python (version 3) programming language modules: Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib, Seaborn and SciPy. Results: The most common containment and mitigation measures were under the categories of; health systems strengthening, enhanced detection measures, implementation of quarantine measures, movement restrictions and social distancing. Countries with low cases and low deaths prioritised social distancing and movement restriction policies, while countries with high cases and high deaths focused on quarantines, closures of public places and borders and public communication. High cases with low death areas implemented health systems strengthening, social distancing, detection and logistics/ security improvement. Low cases with high death countries focused on public communication and improved detection measures. Conclusion: The current study found that social distancing measures remain an effective method of controlling COVID-19. However, coordination between government and organisations to develop social distancing protocols within businesses and specialist organisations such as the military, prisons, educational facilities and the transport industry was observed in countries with better control of the disease.
Feasibility of SMS to remind pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV to take antiretroviral treatment in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania: a pilot study
Authors: M Ngowi Kennedy , Maro Eusebious , E Aarnoutse Rob , T Mmbaga Blandina , A. G Sprangers Mirjam , Reiss Peter , T Nieuwkerk Pythia , Sumari-de Boer Marion
Published: December 2020

Background: Pregnant and breastfeeding Women Living with HIV (WLHIV) often have difficulties in reaching adequate levels of adherence (>95%) to Antiretroviral treatment. “Forgetting” is the most commonly mentioned reason. Sending reminders via SMS is expected to improve adherence. We conducted a pilot study to investigate acceptability, user experience and technical feasibility of sending reminder-SMS to WLHIV. Methods: This was a 6-months observational pilot-study among WLHIV attending antenatal and postnatal care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in Moshi, Tanzania. Women received a reminder-SMS 30 minutes before usual time of intake. One hour later, they received an SMS asking whether they took medication to which they could reply with ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. Messages were sent 3 times a week on randomly chosen days to prevent reliance on daily messages. We calculated the percentage of number of SMS delivered, failed to be delivered, and replied to. We analysed feedback from exit-interviews about experience with the SMS-reminders. Results: 25 women were enrolled (age 18-45), 2 were lost to follow up. 5,054 messages were sent of which 53 failed to be delivered (1%). 1,880 SMS were sent with a question if medication was taken; 1,012 (54%) messages were replied to, of which 1,003 (99%) were replied with ‘YES’ and closely to ‘YES’, and a total of 9 (1%) with ‘NO’ and ‘closely to NO’. 868 messages (46%) were not responded to due to either dropout, change of phone number, loss of phone or network failure. Results from 18 interviews showed that 16 (89%) women were satisfied with SMS reminders. 2 (11%) were concerned about unwanted disclosure because of the content ‘don’t forget to take medication’ and one reported other privacy issues (6%). 3 (17%) women experienced stigma. Conclusion: 99%of SMS being delivered indicates that SMS reminders in this resource-limited setting are technically feasible. However, concerns regarding privacy were noted, specifically the risk of unwanted disclosure and the experience of stigma. Participants indicated that being made aware of their adherence, motivated them to adhere better. However, personalised and more neutral content of the SMS might be a way to improving the intervention.
Task sharing and performance of Caesarean section by the Assistant Medical Officers in Tanzania: What have we learned?
Authors: Sirili Nathanael , Mselle Lilian , Anaeli Amani , Massawe Siriel
Published: December 2020

Background: Since the 1960s, Tanzania adopted the task shifting which was later termed task-sharing strategy in efforts to address the critical shortage of health workforce. However, poor maternal health indicators have remained a big challenge despite this strategy having introduced mid-level cadres (Assistant Medical Officers) capable of performing roles that otherwise were performed by doctors at the district level. Objective: To analyse lessons from the performance of Caesarean section by Assistant Medical Officers (AMOs) in Tanzania as part of the task sharing strategy. Methods: An exploratory qualitative case study was carried out where 10 key informant interviews with AMOs and 4 focused group discussions with AMO trainees were conducted in 4 selected districts and 2 AMO training schools in Tanzania. With the aid of Nvivo10 qualitative software, content analysis was performed to the gathered data. Results: Performance of the Caesarean section by the AMOs is motivated by the support from various stakeholders towards improving the performance of Caesarean section. Frustrating work environment and poor incentive system are major demotivators to the performance of the Caesarean section by the AMOs. Conclusions: More than 5 decades since the introduction of AMOs through task sharing, the performance of caesarean section by these cadres face more demotivators than the motivators. Efforts should be focused on improving the work environment and provision of appropriate incentives to the AMOs. Also, more stakeholders should be engaged to support the performance of caesarean section by the AMOs for realisation of the objectives of task sharing strategy.
The Effect of Using Multiple Coordinate Systems and Datum Transformations on the Calculated Coordinates in Palestine
Authors: Younis Ghadi
Published: December 2020

The recent developments in spatial data collection, management and software require the availability of proper geodetic infrastructures for integrating different types and sources of coordinates without causing effective changes in positions. Nowadays, positions are mostly collected by GNSS data collectors based on WGS84/ITRF reference systems. The data are then subjected to transformations and projections to a locally used system. Another possibility is direct data collection based on the local coordinate system by classical surveys using land surveying, photogrammetry, laser scanning, etc. The spatial data management is commonly operated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software for mapping, analysis, planning, and other services. The conversions between different coordinate systems should be well defined to guarantee the consistency of the coordinates on all systems and tools. In Palestine, the classical and local surveys are all based on the local coordinate system Pal1923Grid for engineering, cadastral and planning applications. The different GNSS RTK-service providers use different definitions and transformation methods between WGS84 or the International Terrestrial Reference Frames (ITRF) and the local Palestine1923Grid, whereas the Land authority has adopted a group of parameters to be implemented on the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data collectors, which do not fit with Palestine1923Grid properties. Additionally, different transformation methods are used in GIS applications for converting the coordinates between the different systems using WGS84 as an intermediate system. Here, the coordinates of a group of the geodetic network in the West Bank of Palestine are used to assess the accuracy of the different transformations and systems by comparing the transformed coordinates using the GNSS system and the originally registered coordinates. Furthermore, a grid of points covering the coordinate system extents is used to describe the differences between the transformations and systems. It was found that the parameters provided by GNSS service providers have results that are consistent with each other and the geodetic network in the West Bank of Palestine compared to GIS-software parameters. By contrast, all systems have extremely deteriorated coordinates in the Gaza strip and the further parts of the Pal1923Grid extents.
The local community: an entity discriminated against in spatial decision-making in Poland?
Authors: Bednarek-Szczepańska Maria
Published: December 2020

The article concerns the legal dimension of local communities’ participation in selected aspects of shaping space in Poland. The results of the review of legal regulations are presented, including interpretations of regulations made by other authors. Examples taken from previous research were used to show the functioning of these regulations in practice and their consequences. The aim of the article is to assess the legal conditions for the participation of local communities in spatial planning, planning of protected areas and location of investments in Poland, in relation to selected theoretical concepts, as well as to assess the consequences of these conditions. In the legal dimension, the participation of the local community in shaping space is symbolic, in the terminology of the Arnstein ladder. The dominant model is a non-binding opinion on ready-made projects and plans, instead of collaboration in their creation.
Living standards in North Ossetia-Alania through the prism of economic processes
Authors: Dobronosov Vitaly , Tebieva Delyara , Kebalova Lyubov’
Published: December 2020

The paper reflects the dynamics of changes in standard of living in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania during the post-Soviet period.

Background

The more than twenty years that have passed since perestroika failed to lead to the expected positive shifts in economy in RNO-Alania. In ratings of regions by population living standards, the republic was consistently among the last places.

Aim

To show the discrepancy between the modern level of economic development and the standard of life in the RNO-Alania.

Method

The work uses comparative analysis of indicators of living standard and indicators reflecting the structural and dynamic characteristics of economic processes.

Results

Official statistics show growth in almost all socio-economic indicators in RNO-Alania. This apparent increase in living standards does not correspond to the low ranking of RNO-Alania, which is consistently in the bottom ten of the rating of Russian regions. The analysis of other indicators determining the population's quality of life, such as: the ecological condition of the territory, the developmental level of health and education institutions, life expectancy, and availability of transport, information and communication networks all correlated weakly with the real socio-economic situation in the region. The study of the republic's districts showed a high unemployment rate due to the lack of industrial and agricultural production, the underdevelopment of small and medium-sized businesses, and low wages. There is an outflow of working-age population to the city of Vladikavkaz and from the districts to outside the republic.

Conclusions

The deficit in the republic's budget persisted during the research period, despite the apparent growth in the gross product and revenue part of the budget, but the volume of expenditures is growing at a faster rate. The main reason for this is the sharp decline in industrial production, and the influence of loss-making enterprises that do not generate income in the budget. Living standards are rising only thanks to grants from the federal centre.

Recommendation

In order to remove the republic from its depressed state it is necessary to increase the fixed capital, to control the process of effective use of the available production capacities, and to invest in a recreational industry that uses natural resources and does not require significant investment.
Passing on negative interest rates
Authors: Stadtmann Georg , Moritz Karl-Heinz , Berthold Kristin , Stadtmann Tobias
Published: December 2020

Since the ECB has lowered the interest rate on deposits into negative territory, more and more commercial banks are also passing on this negative interest rate to their customers. The main aim of this paper is to answer the question under which conditions the commercial banking sector will be more or less reluctant to pass the negative deposit rate on to its private customers. We first clarify the circumstances under which demand deposits and excess liquidity arise, and what role quantitative easing plays in this context. Within a game-theoretical framework, it is derived that the pressure to pass on the negative interest rate is particularly high if there are no switching costs, and the banking market follows a Bertrand competition.
From ‘total’ to ‘comprehensive’ national defence: the development of the concept in Europe
Authors: Berzina Ieva
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the idea of comprehensive national defence from a wide historical and geographical perspective. Countries facing different security challenges have used the concept of involving the entire society in state defence. From a historical perspective, ‘total defence’, with an emphasis on military components, was used primarily by non-aligned states during the Cold War; the breakdown of the Soviet Union reduced the importance of ‘total defence’; however, the emergence of hybrid threats in the 21st century has contributed to the rebirth of the concept in the form of ‘comprehensive national defence’, for application in circumstances wherein potential adversaries use military and non-military means in an integrated manner.
3D DEM simulations of basic geotechnical tests with early detection of shear localization
Authors: Grabowski Aleksander , Nitka Michał
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with elementary geotechnical tests: triaxial and direct shear of cohesionless sand using the discrete element method (DEM). The capabilities of the numerical DEM code are shown, with a special focus on the early phenomena appearance in localization zones. The numerical tests were performed in 3D conditions with spherical grains. Contact moments law was introduced due to simulate not perfectly round sand grains. The influence of different physical parameters was studied, e.g. initial density or confining pressure. The sieve curve corresponded to the Karlsruhe sand [1]; however, in some tests, it was linearly scaled. Special attention was laid on the behaviour of the sand grains inside localization, e.g. rotation, porosity, fluctuations, etc. and forces redistribution. Emphasis was given on the pre-failure regime and early localization predictors.