bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The electrocardiographic changes generated by centrally applied arachidonic acid in rats
Authors: KAŞIKCI Esra , YALÇIN Murat
Published: December 2022

Arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolites have multifunctional regulatory effects on the central nervous system. Our previous reports disclosed that centrally injected AA organized the cardiovascular system in normal or hypotensive conditions by regulating the central and peripheral mechanism. In the light of the knowledge of the potential cardiovascular effects of AA, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injected AA on the electrocardiography (ECG) of the anesthetized rats. The adult Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine mixture (50 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg; i.m., respectively). Under the anesthesia, the guide cannula was inserted into the left lateral ventricle of the rats. The ECG traces obtained from the lead II were written by placing electrodes on the limbs of the rats. Centrally injected AA (150 μg; ICV) statistically significantly (p<0.05) caused to the lengthening of the ECG waves and intervals, resulting in a decrease in the heart rate of the rats without changing the ECG waveforms, the amplitude, and also the isoelectric line. The obtained results clearly show that centrally injection of AA caused the deceleration in the heart electrical activity. The deceleration in the electrical activity of the heart caused to show bradycardia in the rats by extending the duration of the ECG waves and intervals.
A study on toxin genes and cytotoxicity levels of Bacillus cereus in various ready-to-eat foods and pastry products in Turkey
Authors: ÇÖL Başak Gökçe , AKSU Harun
Published: December 2022

Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming and toxin-producing gram-positive bacteria widely isolated from soils, meat, milk, and vegetables. It is recognized as one of the pathogenic bacteria that can lead to food poisoning and food spoilage in food service systems due to its ease of contamination of foods and lack of guarantee of elimination by pasteurization and sanitation practices. B. cereus causes two types of diseases mainly characterized by diarrhea and vomiting type syndrome with the toxins it produces. Toxins produced by B. cereus are mainly heat-stable emetic toxin and three different heat-labile enterotoxins. Foodborne illnesses of the diarrheal type are caused by the single protein toxin; cytotoxin K (CytK), and both tripartite toxins; hemolysin BL (Hbl), and the non-hemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe), whereas the emetic type, is caused by an emetic toxin cereulide. In this study, 225 ready-to-eat foods and pastry products were analyzed for B. cereus, its toxin profiles, and cytotoxicity effects. Multiplex PCR is used to identify the presence of the Hbl, CytK, and emetic toxin encoding genes. Component-specific antibody-based ELISA tests were utilized to determine the Hbl-L2 and NheB components. Cytotoxic activity of the B. cereus isolates on Vero cells was also identified. In total, B. cereus was detected in 37 out of 225 (16.4%) food samples. From the positive 37 B. cereus isolates, the ces gene was not identified, whereas 91.9% (34) Nhe, 56.8% (21) Hbl, and 8.1% (3) CytK encoding genes revealed positive results on PCR analysis. PCR results were also compatible with ELISA and Cytotoxicity tests. In a nutshell, 16.4% prevalence of B. cereus in foods is insufficient, and the presence or absence of toxin genes may not yield reliable results. It is critical to detect pathogenic B. cereus toxin gene profiles as well as toxin production ability at the same time. This study presents for the first time, data from a cell culture cytotoxicity test using specific monoclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA and multiplex PCR for ready-to-eat foods and pastry products in Turkey
Study of Fat, Lactose, and Protein Concentrations of Holstein Friesian Cow's Milk Early Lactation
Authors: Surjowardojo Puguh , Susilorini Tri Eko , Muarifa Hanum , Rifa'i Rifa'i , Handayani Ike Mawarni , Wardhana Aditya Cahya
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the concentration of lactose, fat, and protein in FH cow's milk at the beginning of lactation which is intensively reared at the People's Farm of the Dairy Cattle Farming Cooperative (KPSP) located in Tutur District, Nongkojajar, Pasuruan Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. The research material used was fresh milk from lactating dairy cows. The research method used is laboratory analysis with purposive sampling technique. FH dairy cows that were in 3rd lactation period was taken as samples on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd milking days in the morning and evening milking times. Data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that the average fat concentration of FH cow's milk in the morning milking was 4.23Â±0.68%, while in the afternoon milking was 4.99Â±0.65%. The average lactose concentration in the morning milk was 4.10Â±0.66%, while in the afternoon milk was 4.48Â±0.71%. The average protein concentration in the morning milking was 3.23Â±0.94%, while in the afternoon milking was 3.32 Â±0.65%. This study concluded that the high concentration of fat, lactose, and protein in the afternoon milking was caused by the shorter time interval between morning and evening milking than the afternoon to morning milking time.The concentration of fat, lactose, and protein in FH cow's milk, which is higher than the SNI standard, is due to several factors including environmental, nutritional, climatological, and managerial factors. The factors are inseparable from each other in influencing milk quality.The quality of fresh milk produced by the Dairy Cow Farming Cooperative People's Farm (KPSP) located in Tutur District, Nongkojajar, Pasuruan Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia is in good condition, safe, and suitable for consumption as milk quality standards meet SNI No. 01-3141.1-2011.
Application of Soft-Clustering Analysis Using Expectation Maximization Algorithms on Gaussian Mixture Model
Authors: Muthahharah Andi Shahifah , Tiro Muhammad Arif , Aswi Aswi
Published: December 2022

Research on soft-clustering has not been explored much compared to hard-clustering. Soft-clustering algorithms are important in solving complex clustering problems. One of the soft-clustering methods is the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). GMM is a clustering method to classify data points into different clusters based on the Gaussian distribution. This study aims to determine the number of clusters formed by using the GMM method. The data used in this study is synthetic data on water quality indicators obtained from the Kaggle website. The stages of the GMM method are: imputing the Not Available (NA) value (if there is an NA value), checking the data distribution, conducting a normality test, and standardizing the data. The next step is to estimate the parameters with the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. The best number of clusters is based on the biggest value of the Bayesian Information Creation (BIC). The results showed that the best number of clusters from synthetic data on water quality indicators was 3 clusters. Cluster 1 consisted of 1110 observations with low-quality category, cluster 2 consisted of 499 observations with medium quality category, and cluster 3 consisted of 1667 observations with high-quality category or acceptable. The results of this study recommend that the GMM method can be grouped correctly when the variables used are generally normally distributed. This method can be applied to real data, both in which the variables are normally distributed or which have a mixture of Gaussian and non-Gaussian.
Urban architecture identity of Banjarmasin: Structural pattern and building typology of the tidal river city
Authors: Kusliansjah Yohanes Karyadi
Published: December 2022

Banjarmasin, known as the city of a thousand rivers, is an accumulation of multi-deltas sedimentation, located -0.16 meters below sea level and 23 km from the estuary of the Barito river. The city embryo, which acts as the western boundary between the Martapura river and tributary regions, is influenced by daily tides from the Java sea. The morphological structure and building typology formation of tidal hydrodynamics influence the characteristic of the environmental context identity. Furthermore, the life adaptation to the natural context identity is a unique traditional water-based culture on the physical, territorial, and cultural order, characterized by the physical, functional, and normative attributes from the pre-colonial to the colonial era. Therefore, this study aims to identify the architectural identity of Banjarmasin's tidal river city and its forming elements through a morpho-typological approach using an interpretive-descriptive-retrospective method. The results showed that the structural identity of the architecture of Banjarmasin environment, as a tidal river city, is fragmented in the form of many deltas, thereby leading to sedimentation from river tributary in dendritic and meander patterns. In conclusion, the people's life adaptation to the natural environment created a traditional water culture with four contextual building typologies of the tidal river, namely raft, water stilt, land stilt, and landed houses with underground reservoir.
Smart classroom for university students: Improving air quality by integrating wireless sensors in Malaysia
Authors: Ng Wei Pang , Ahmad A. Ghafar
Published: December 2022

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the education system in Malaysia, especially at higher education level. A number of public or private universities have carried out online learning classes due to the Covid-19 pandemic and avoid the spread of the virus among university students. Face to-face learning can not be implemented because the learning efficiency in class management decreased. Thus, this study discussed the integration of wireless sensors within the classroom, focusing on improvement of ventilation system and learning efficiency in classroom design. As a result, the goals of this research are to identify the types of wireless sensors that can be used to improve the ventilation system in classroom design, to identify the mechanisms of wireless sensors that can be used to improve the ventilation system in classroom design, and to propose design guidelines for using wireless sensors to improve the ventilation system and learning efficiency in classroom design. Reviews on related topics such as wireless sensor technology and smart classroom will be made via online searching articles and journals. Acquisition of primary data and secondary data will be done via case study of smart classroom from relevant articles and journals.
Physical space and end-user’s well-being: Perceptions of custodians from Youth Institutio in Penang
Authors: Lai Kee Wong , Aziz Muhammad Firzan bin Abdul
Published: December 2022

This paper identifies the physical space design that could influence the Penang youths’ state of well-being positively. The objectives of this study to comprehend the relationship between the psychological influence of physical space and the state of well-being of youths in the youth institution to determine the relationship between physical space and its significance in perpetuating end users’ state of well-being of Penang youths and enlighten on the understanding of physical space design that is influential to the state of well-being of Malaysian youths. This analysis will look onto aspects of physical space, including design elements, physical condition, and space sufficiency in youth’s current living space such as choices of colours, presence of daylighting, utilization of indoor landscape, open spaces concept, ventilation, and sense of privacy. The finding of this study generally helps to enlighten the understanding of physical space design that are influential to the state of well-being of youths in Penang.
Analysis of the relationship between the gated community Citraland Surabaya’s spatial configuration and social segregation
Authors: Ginting Salmina Wati , Noerwasito Vincentius Totok , Santoso Eko Budi
Published: December 2022

Previous studies have shown that gated community development encourages social segregation, which occurs due to the ability of the design elements to separate from their environment. An example is the plurality of the entrance element, the provision of portals to roads, and the inaccessibility of open spaces such as parks to the public. Therefore, this study discusses the relationship between the spatial configuration of a gated community and social segregation by analyzing spatial elements, such as boundaries, roads, and public spaces. The relationship is described quantitatively with the integration value (R), both on local (R3) and global (Rn) scales, generated by the DepthmapX application from Space Syntax. One of the gated communities in Surabaya, Indonesia, Citraland, was chosen as a case study. The results showed that the higher the integration value, the lower the level of segregation and vice versa. Furthermore, it proves that the primary circulation path has the highest integration value and is the main axis influencing segregation. The number of entrances does not affect segregation as opposed to its relationship to the main axis. The number of public spaces also does not affect segregation, as opposed to the relationship between the location of public spaces and the main axis. The level of segregation of gated communities is very likely to differ on a local scale (R3) and a global scale (Rn). Citraland has proven to be integrative on a local scale but segregative on a global scale.
The relationship of soundscape and shopping behaviors in Malioboro Mall and Ambarrukmo Plaza, Yogyakarta
Authors: Gharata Verza Dillano , Felasari Sushardjanti , Satwiko Prasasto , Michelle Brigitta
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the acoustic comfort of shopping malls related to the standards and people's emotions. The soundscape is vital in shopping malls to attract more visitors. This research studied the soundscapes of two shopping malls in Yogyakarta, focusing on the effect of noise on the environmental perceptions of hedonic and utilitarian consumers. The research took on-site noise measurements to create soundscapes maps. There were also interviews to explore their opinions about the noise inside malls. Data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science. The results showed that only some soundscape elements affected arousal emotions among hedonic consumers, concerning a more extensive period of mall visits. No soundscape element affected pleasure emotions among utilitarian consumers with the length of stay in malls. Socio-cultural backgrounds of shopping culture (in traditional and modern markets) and soundscape conditions were also considered. The excessive soundscapes did not directly impact the health negatively of those who spent long periods in malls. The subsequent studies may continue to find the relation between acoustic comfort and the difference with the regulation.
Review of selected features of hausa vernacular architecture, case study of Dakali and Zaure in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Umaru N. A. , Bello M. M. , Jolaoso Adekoyejo Babatunde
Published: December 2022

Hausa Vernacular architecture is informed and shaped by cultural and religious values, wherein, Dakali and Zaure are unique features that plays a pivotal role. Cities are metaphorically described as historically solidified environment in time and in space. Thus, depicting physical, archival and artefacts of the past and present, from which it develops the future of human civilization and cultures set in a time series continuum. Hausa vernacular architecture is gradually getting evolved through modern trends by renewing, re-ordering and replacement of these features. Therefore, there is the need for studies to be carried out extensively on or before adaptation, adoption and implementation of evolving trends, in order to conserve and preserve the Hausa man’s cultural and religious values in their architecture. The paper seeks to draw attention towards the preservation and conservation of indigenous heritages through vernacular architecture, especially with the examples from the characters of Hausa architecture, without arguing for a complete reversal to the past life styles, value and techniques that would neither be out-of-place with emerging trends and acceptability of modern technology nor be balkanized. Information was essentially extracted from relevant literature on the subject matter; adopts purposive sampling and content analysis method in the selection of study area and sample size; as well as, in the extraction of features of Hausa vernacular architecture respectively. This was complimented with field survey in the form of interviews, observation and case study. Results therefrom were discussed and descriptively presented. Findings revealed that, the identified features have remained prominent and continued to perform their expected functions. The paper conclude by underscoring the need to stimulate awareness, rejuvenate and regenerate the Hausa/Fulani vernacular architecture and cultural-heritage perceptibility through creative and integrative use of architectural designs and planning concepts and skills that will be sensitive to the rebirth of cultural symbols, relics, configurations, ornamentations as symbolic expressions depicting history, branding and conveying one message or the other, about the inhabitants for better understanding and conservation of fun-memories of the cultural/traditional values and heritages.
Autocracy, Nationality, Progress: Urban Space and Russian Social Investigations of the 1830s
Authors: Martin Alexander M.
Published: December 2022

The 1820s and 1830s saw the beginnings of the modern social-scientific study of urban life. In Great Britain and France, these years gave rise to the “Dickensian” anxiety about cities as squalid, disease-infested slums. This article examines how the physical space of St. Petersburg and Moscow was represented during these years by four pioneers of the study of Russian urban society – Vasilii Androssov, Aleksandr Bashutskii, Semen Gaevskii, and Andrei Zablotskii-Desiatovskii. Drawing on ideas and methodologies of Western contemporaries, especially Alexander von Humboldt and the French hygienist Louis-René Villermé, they depicted Russia’s capitals on three spatial scales: that of the individual house or street, the city as a whole, and the entire planet. Rejecting the pessimism of their Western counterparts, they depicted St. Petersburg and Moscow as wholesome cities managed by a wise government and inhabited by a benign population. However, they also argued that the forces driving the development of both cities were partly independent of the imperial state and could only be understood by trained experts. They thereby contributed to the rise of a public opinion engaged in critical discussion about Russian society, and bolstered both Nicholas I’s nationalist ideology of Official Nationality and his government’s cautious efforts at socioeconomic modernization.
Microbiological synthesis protein usage in quail feeding
Authors:   FSBSI Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” RAS (FSC ARRTPI RAS), Moscow region, Russia, Andrianova Yelena , Yegorov Ivan ,   FSBSI Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” RAS (FSC ARRTPI RAS), Moscow region, Russia
Published: December 2022

Animal origin protein sources and protein feeds at the base of soya and soya processing products are poultry diet important components. Protein products being received with usage of modern technologies of microbiological synthesis may be used as an alternative protein source. Positive results have been received in experiment with pharaon breed quails that were fed with these products instead of fish meal during all the raising period. Complete fish meal replacement with this protein has led to 42-day quails average body weight by 1.95% in comparison with control group. Male and female body weight has been more than in control group by 0.39 and 3.3% respectively and feed conversion has been better by 2.93%.
Cornish breed chicken embrios development depending on hen age at egg laying
Authors:   FSBSI Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” RAS (FSC ARRTPI RAS), Moscow region, Russia, Dolgorukova Anna , Tishenkova Maria ,   FSBSI Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” RAS (FSC ARRTPI RAS), Moscow region, Russia
Published: December 2022

The results of studies have been presented in the paper on morphologic and biochemical and hatching properties of eggs of layers of cross “Smena 9” father parent form in dependence of layer age. Morphologic and biochemical egg composition changes have been proved depending on layer age that is significant egg mass increasing, egg white relative mass decreasing and yolk relative mass increasing. Worst hatching egg quality from 40 week age layers have been determined with low vitamin A content in yolk and low vitamin B2 content in egg white, with minimal egg white index and Haugh units values and low protein level. All these factors have determined early and end embryonic death and high per cent substandard chicks.
Specific prevention of newcastle disease
Authors:   FSBSI “Federal scientific center — All-Russian scientific research institute of experimental veterinary medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and J.R. Kovalenko RAS” (FSBSI FSC VIEV RAS), Moscow, Russia, Frolov Alexey , Pankratov Sergey ,   FSBEI HE “Saint Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine” (FSBEI HE SPbSUVM), S.-Petersburg, Russia, Ruzina Anna ,   FSBSI “Federal scientific center — All-Russian scientific research institute of experimental veterinary medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and J.R. Kovalenko RAS” (FSBSI FSC VIEV RAS), Moscow, Russia, Vasyukov Nikolay ,   Scientific-Production Enterprise AVIVAC (SPE AVIVAC), S.-Petersburg, Russia
Published: December 2022

The article describes the characteristics of Newcastle disease, highlights the etiology, epizootology and specific methods of control of this disease in industrial poultry farming. The fundamental aspects of the use of spe- cific prevention agents are described and the effective scheme of live and inactivated vaccines against Newcastle dis- ease in monovalent and associated variants is presented.
The effect of the new adjuvant composition in the inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine on the level of immune response in chickenst
Authors:   “All-Russian research veterinary institute of poultry science” — the branch of FSС ARRVIPS RAS (ARRVIPS), St.-Petersburg — Lomonosov, Russia, Dubovoy Alexander , Samuseva Galina ,   “All-Russian research veterinary institute of poultry science” — the branch of FSС ARRVIPS RAS (ARRVIPS), St.-Petersburg — Lomonosov, Russia, Bochkarev Vladimir ,   “All-Russian research veterinary institute of poultry science” — the branch of FSС ARRVIPS RAS (ARRVIPS), St.-Petersburg — Lomonosov, Russia
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of heterologous insect macroprotein (HIM) in- cluded in experimental samples of inactivated vaccines against Newcastle disease on the level of immune response. It was found that experimental samples containing HIM induce a higher level of immune response compared to the reference drug. The level of the immune response significantly depends on the ratio and amount of antigen and im- munomodulator in the dose of the experimental vaccine sample.
Study of ground mass water holding ability dependence on dry coagulated egg white content
Authors:   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — the branch of FSC ARRTPI RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia, Stefanova Izabella , Klimenkova Anastasia ,   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — the branch of FSC ARRTPI RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia, Shakhnazarova Lyudmila ,   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — the branch of FSC ARRTPI RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia
Published: December 2022

Dry coagulated egg white (DCEW) composition has been given in the paper. The ways of this matter intro- duction have been ground into minced meat and egg compositions. These masses water holding ability has been studied in dependence on egg white introduction level.
Study of process of poultry processing byproduct hydrolysis for protein feed additives creation
Authors:   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — the branch of FSC ARRTPI RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia, Volik Victor , Ismailova Dilaram ,   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — the branch of FSC ARRTPI RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia, Zinoviev Sergey ,   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — the branch of FSC ARRTPI RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia, Derina Daria ,   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — the branch of FSC ARRTPI RAS (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia
Published: December 2022

The technology have been considered in the paper on poultry processing byproducts rational utilization in- cluding this raw material hydro-thermic treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Protein being received from mixture of differ- ent byproducts is not inferior FAO/WHO reference protein in essential amino acids content.
Meat quails evaluation and selection at the base of egg mass and form
Authors:   FSBSI Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” RAS (FSC ARRTPI RAS), Moscow region, Russia, Roiter Yakov , Degtyareva Tatiana ,   FSBSI Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” RAS (FSC ARRTPI RAS), Moscow region, Russia, Degtyareva Olga ,   FSBSI Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” RAS (FSC ARRTPI RAS), Moscow region, Russia
Published: December 2022

The work has been carried out in “Genofond” LRS in Moscow region for Radonezh breed meat quails. Selection parameters have been developed at the base of egg mass and form for program development of improvement of meat quails reproduction and growth rate. The best egg hatchability and high traits of weight and chick livability up to 5 weeks of age have been established for quails with egg mass 12.1 to 16 grams inclusive and with egg form indices 70 to 76%. Inclusion in meat quails selection program such parameters as egg mass and form will give the possibility to increase chick yield per one layer with their high growth rate maintaining.
Facing the Facts About Test Score Gaps
Authors: Connor Gregory
Published: December 2022

Abstract: I first review seven separate lines of evidence which indicate that the differences in average intelligence test scores between racial groups are partly attributable to genetic variation across biogeographic ancestries such as African, East Asian, and European ancestries. I focus on the U.S. Black-white test score gap for which the evidence is most comprehensive. The widely promulgated public dogma that the causes of the Black-white test score gap are entirely environmental is not empirically plausible given these seven lines of evidence. Other race-related test score gaps may also have a genetic component. I then confront the sensitive public policy question of whether these findings should be openly acknowledged or suppressed.
Effects of replacing soya bean meal with fermented African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) meal on the growth performance and condition factor of Tilapia zilli fingerlings
Authors:   Department of Fisheries Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria., Babalola O. A. , Odu-Onikosi S. G., ,   Department of Fisheries Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria., Adam O. B. ,   Department of Fisheries Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria., Ogunyomi O. R. ,   Department of Fisheries Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Published: December 2022

The study was conducted to evaluate the performance characteristics of Tilapia zilli fingerlings fed with locust bean meal as a replacement for soya bean meal in the diet. Two hundred and ten (210) heterogeneous sexes of Tilapia zilli fingerlings with mean weight of 15.24±0.01g were reared for 84 days in five rectangular glass tanks measuring 0.9 m x 0.45 m x 0.45 m and partitioned into three replicates with 14 fingerlings in each replicate. Five experimental diets were formulated at 0% (soya bean meal only), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100 % locust bean meal inclusion levels at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 respectively. Results showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the treatments as compared to mean weight gained, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency, mortality/survival rate. Fish fed 100% locust bean meal showed the best growth performance in body weight gain, food conversion ratio and specific growth rate (SGR) but with poor condition factor and high mortality rate (54.76%). The study indicated that fermented African locust bean meal could be included in the diets of Tilapia zilli at 50% inclusion level from the view point of low mortality rate and final condition factor over other treatments. African locust bean meal could also be recommended for food security management purposes in replacing soya bean meal in order to reduce conflict that could emanates from the wide range of usage for other dietary purposes.
Seasonal and spatial variations in physico-chemical parameters of water and proximate composition of Macrobrachium macrobrachion from Ologe lagoon and Badagry creek, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Fisheries, Lagos State University, Ojo, Nigeria., Jimoh Abayomi A. , Clarke Edwin O. ,   Department of Fisheries, Lagos State University, Ojo, Nigeria., Godwin Agnes O. ,   Department of Fisheries, Lagos State University, Ojo, Nigeria.
Published: December 2022

In this study, seasonal and spatial variations in physicochemical parameters of water and proximate composition of Macrobrachium macrobrachion from Badagry Creek and Ologe Lagoon were examined. Samples of water and M. macrobrachion were collected from both stations on a monthly basis for six months. The physicochemical parameters monitored were pH, temperature, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total solids, total alkalinity, free carbondioxide, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia and turbidity, while the proximate composition parameters were moisture content, crude protein, crude fibre, carbohydrate, crude lipids and ash. It was observed that alkalinity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature and ammonia determined for both sample stations were within recommended limit of Food and Agricultural Organization, except pH for Badagry creek. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in seasonal variations of most physico-chemical parameters in both stations except for pH in Ologe lagoon, and electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and total solids (TS) in both stations. Also, with the exception of EC, TDS and TS, there was no significant difference for spatial variation of physico-chemical parameters between the two stations. Moisture content, lipid and ash contents showed significant seasonal variation in Ologe lagoon, while crude protein and crude fibre recorded no significant difference. For Badagry creek, with the exception of moisture content, all other proximate composition parameters showed significant difference. However, there was no significant spatial variation in proximate composition between the prawns in Ologe lagoon and Badagry creek. There were gradual effects of season on water quality and proximate composition but these effects still support growth and survival of the prawn. However, regulatory measures should be put in place to protect these water bodies from direct/indirect human activities that can cause adverse damages.
Fisheries production and aquaculture development: Current status and future directions in Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Animal and Range Science, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia., Delilo Gizachew
Published: December 2022

Nowadays worldwide projected growth of population pressure with a steadily growth of disposable income and urbanization corroborated by global markets corridor are expected to elicit a substantial increase the demands of high value foods. These situation causes to exploit the aquatic ecosystems mainly for fish, the largest single source of animal protein and fastest growing food commodity. Likewise, Ethiopia has enormous potential of freshwater (126.5 BMC) available per year; plus favorable environments considered to be significant scope for fisheries development for fish yield (about 94,509 ton/year + 5.3% as 73,104 ton/year + 3.3% for lentic and 2,1405 ton/year +11.8% for lotic ecosystems). Ethiopian water resources deduced to hold over 180 fish species, freshwater shrimps, crabs, mollusks, commercially important microalgae, and vegetation. However, currently actual fish yield is (about 51,581 ton/year) much far below expected level, which resulted in lower per capita consumption of fish per year (0.216 kg) compared to other African countries. This is attributed to several constraints in which, traditional methods of fish farming and fishing, limited awareness, management skills, skills and technological knowhow; besides the impacts of climate change and global warming, ecosystems degradation, mismanagement, siltation, growing toxic weeds in most lakes, with marked overfishing practices by fishermen are the dominant challenges. To reverse these scenarios into the desired track, urgent intellectual measures should be at hand in Ethiopia. Therefore, this article was studied through the collected 19 years’ published and unpublished source materials, data analyzed and empirical models were applied to explore updated fundamental information on current potential of fisheries resources and overall status of aquaculture development, so as to create better understanding, and to suggest scientific strategies and better approaches for the sector contribute in the sources food, employment, and livelihood in Ethiopia. Finally, this paper is recommended to be beneficial to the readers and policy makers for the fisheries and aquaculture development in Ethiopia and the region.
Assessment of antimicrobial drugs use and their residue in the farmed fish of Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria., Ladan Adamu Aliyu , Okolocha Emmanuel Chukwudi, ,   Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria., Kabir Janaidu ,   Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria., Bolorunduro Paul Ibukun-Olu ,   Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria., Barde Israel Joshua ,   Veterinary Pathology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute Vom Plateau State Nigeria.
Published: December 2022

The study assessed antimicrobial drug use, pattern, and the occurrence of residues in farmed fish, as well as the level of awareness of drug residues amongst fish farmers in Kaduna State. A total of 300 fish samples from 30 farms in the three senatorial districts of Kaduna State were screened for the presence of antimicrobial drug residues. One hundred questionnaires were administered to fish farmers. Out of the 300 fish samples screened, antimicrobial drug residues were detected in 73.70%. An overall prevalence of 73.70% was obtained, while the prevalence of 63, 74, and 84% was obtained from Kaduna North, Central, and South senatorial districts respectively. From the questionnaire responses, the use of antimicrobial drugs in fish ponds was common (91.86%); with tetracycline (63.41%) being the most frequently used. Self-prescription and administration of drugs by farmers (67.86%) were more in number than those who consult veterinarians for prescription and drug administration. The level of awareness on antimicrobial drug residues in fish and dangers associated with the use and consumption of these residues were very low. Furthermore, the majority of the farmers did not observe antibiotic withdrawal periods before sales of fish to consumers. This study has established a high prevalence of antimicrobial drug residues in farmed fish in the study area. In addition, awareness of the dangers and public health implications of antimicrobial drug residues in fish amongst farmers in Kaduna is low. Therefore, the use of the antimicrobial drug in aquaculture should be regulated and farmers should be encouraged to use immunostimulators or probiotics for disease control and prevention, to safeguard the general populace from the hazards associated with drug residues in fish.
Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Labeo niloticus, Synodontis schall and Auchenoglanis occidentalis, in Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex, Gadarif State, Sudan
Authors:   Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Gadarif, Sudan., Adam1* Hozifa Adam Suliman , Hamad2 Ahmed El-Aabid ,   Department of Fisheries Sciences and Wildlife, College of Animal Production Science & Technology, Sudan University of Science & Technology, Sudan.
Published: December 2022

This study was undertaken to assess the length-weight relationship and condition factor of Labeo niloticus; Synodontis schall and Auchenoglanis occidentalis, in Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex, Gadarif State, Sudan from September 2019 to January 2020. Samples of fish were collected monthly for a 5 months period. A total of 1475 specimens of L. niloticus (500 samples), S. schall (500 samples) and A. occidentalis (475 samples). Fish species sampled in the study area had size range of 17 to 37 cm, 11.6 to 30.5 cm and 16.7 to 38.8 cm, for L. niloticus, S. schall and A. occidentalis, respectively. The weight ranged from 88 to 927 g, 49 to 682 g and 94 to 1334 g, for L. niloticus, S. schall and A. occidentalis, respectively. The LWRs for the combined sexes had the (r) values of 0.974, 0.902 and 0.906, respectively. The mean condition factor (K) was 3.121±0.262, 2.902±0.435 and 2.366±0.292 for the combined sexes, respectively. The regression coefficient b was 2.848, 2.619 and 2.823 for the combined sexes, respectively indicating negative allometric growth pattern for all species.
A comparative study to evaluate the effect of two commercial diets (Aqualis and Topfeed) on the growth of African catfish Clarias gariepinus
Authors:   Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria., Odeyemi O. M. , Awopetu T. S. ,   Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Published: December 2022

The feed trial was carried out in African Inland Fish Farming Limited, Ibeju-lekki Lagos State, Nigeria to assess the growth of Clarias gariepinus fed with two commercial diets. Using a complete randomized design and six treatments separated into T1 and T2, the feed trial was carried out to assess the growth performance of two commercial fish feeds (Aqualis and Topfeed) on Clarias gariepinus for a period of 55 days using circular tarpaulin tanks with a capacity volume of 28.3 m3 marked DS1, DS2, ES1, ES3, ES4, and FS1 stocked with 11,250/tank juveniles with an initial weight of 8.0 g were stocked in each tank. Fish in units ES3, ES4, and FS1 were fed Topfeed whereas fish in units DS1, DS2, and ES1 were fed Aqualis feed. Feeding was done twice daily. All physicochemical parameters were assessed using the Sera Aqua-Test Kit and the dry matter of the two commercial diets underwent chemical analysis. The growth performance parameters revealed that the final mean weight (g), mean weight gain (MWG) (g), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate were not significantly different between the two feeds (p>0.05). The results demonstrated that Topfeed outperformed Aqualis feed with a higher survival rate and a feed conversion ratio (FCR) value of (p>0.05). Also, the proximate composition revealed no significant differences (p>0.05) between the two feeds. Based on the findings, it can be said that Topfeed outperformed Aqualis feed for raising C. gariepinus.
RECOLLECTIONS: TRAVELS WITH HERBERT POELLMANN
Authors:   University of Pretoria, South Africa, Villiers Johan
Published: December 2022

This short essay is to pay homage to a great man, whose legacy as a scientist and an exceptional human being will be long remembered. His many friends will remember him for his generous nature, his exceptional scientific ability and his loyalty to his friends and students. His laboratory facilities were always at my disposal during my visits to Halle and contributed greatly to my scientific work.
PYRRHUS SAVAŞI TARİHİ, PATRİCK ALAN KENT, NEW YORK: ROUTLEDGE YAYINLARI, 2021, 152 S., ISBN 978-103-2090-30-6
Authors: GÜNAY Dinçer
Published: December 2022

Patrick Alan Kent tarafından yazılan kitabın tam adı A History of the Pyrrhic War’dur. Kitap sonuç bölümüyle birlikte yedi bölüm 152 saydan oluşmaktadır. Ayrıca kitapta MÖ 3. yüzyıl İtalya ve Sicilya haritası da yer almaktadır. İlk baskısı Routledge Published tarafından New York’ta 2020 yılında yapılan kitabın ikinci baskısı da aynı yayınevi tarafından 2021 yılında yapılmıştır. Roma, Akdeniz egemenliğine yükselişi sürecinde birçok savaşa girmiştir. Bu önemli savaşlar arasında yer alan Pyrrhus Savaşı, hakkında çok az kaynak bulunduğu için ihmal edilmiştir. Patrick Alan Kent, A History of the Pyrrhic War adlı kitabı ile bu boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlamaktadır. Kent, kitabında MÖ 3. yüzyılın başlarında Pyrrhus’un batı seferi sırasında Romalılar, İtalyan halkları, Batı Yunanları ve Kartacalıları içeren bir çatışmanın çok kutuplu doğasını araştırıyor. Kitap adını Epirus kralı Pyrrhus’tan alır. Pyrrhus Savaşı, egemenlik alanını genişleten Roma ile Antik Çağ’ın en büyük askerî liderlerinden biri olan Pyrrhus arasındaki ilk büyük askerî mücadele olması bakımından tarihte önemli bir yere sahiptir. Geleneksel olarak Roma Cumhuriyet tarihi iki aşamaya ayrılmıştır: Roma’nın yarımadayı fethi ve Akdeniz’e yayılma dönemi. Pyrrhus Savaşı, ikisi arasındaki bağlantıyı oluşturur. Roma’nın Güney İtalya’daki Hellenistik kral ile mücadelesi, nihayetinde bir Akdeniz imparatorluğuna dönüşeceği süreçte bir köprü işlevi görmüştür. Bu savaş erken cumhuriyetten orta cumhuriyete geçiş sürecinin belirsiz başlangıcını oluşturur.
BRİTANYA’DA GÖÇMEN OLMAK: HANİF KUREİSHİ’NİN “SON SÖZ”ÜNDE POSTKOLONYAL MEKÂN ALGISI
Authors: OĞUZ Ayla
Published: December 2022

Kolonyalizm (sömürgecilik) ile postkolonyalizm (sömürgecilik sonrası) karşılaştırıldığında kolonyalizm diğer insanların topraklarının kontrolü ve idaresi olarak ifade edilirken postkolonyalizmin ise öz olarak sömürge ülkelerin sosyal, politik, dini ve kültürel açıdan kendi kendilerini yönetme durumunun ifadesi olduğu görülür. Kronolojik olarak Avrupa ülkelerinin kolonyal süreci başlatması on beşinci yüzyılda başlamış ve bu gruba Britanya da katılmıştır. Yirminci yüzyıla gelindiğinde Britanya’nın ihtişamının azalması ve sömürgelerin bağımsızlıklarını kazanmaları ile çözülme süreci başlamıştır. Böylece, sömürgecilik sonrası dönem başlamıştır.Postkolonyalizm, sömürge sonrasının doğrudan etkilerine odaklanan bir dizi kuramsal yaklaşımı ve sistematik kültürel baskı süreçlerini emperyal güç yapıları yoluyla bir boyun eğdirme edebiyatı ile buluşturur. Bu yüzden postkolonyalizm madunun, temsil edilmeyenin, sömürülenin ve sömürgeleştirilenin kimliğini kolonyalizmin düzenlemelerine karşı bir direniş edebiyatı ve felsefesi bağlamında değerlendirir. Edward Said, Frantz Fanon, Gayatri Spivak gibi postkolonyal kuramcılar arasında anılan Homi K. Bhabha’nın kültürel melezlik yorumu sömüren ve sömürülen kutuplarında algılananın ötesinde bir üçüncü alana hitap eder ve bu durum çok kültürlü bir mekân algısını beraberinde getirir. Nitekim Hanif Kureishi’nin Son Söz (The Last Word) adlı romanındaki batılı entelektüelleri taklit eden postkolonyal yazar Mamoon Azam’ın mekân olarak postkolonyal Britanya’da yaşamayı seçmiş, Avrupalı bakış açısına tabii olmuş ve kendi köklerinden ayrışmış melez doğulunun mekân algısını anlatmaya çalıştığı görülür. Bu bağlamda Kureishi'nin mekânın kimlik üzerindeki etkisine psikolojik, sosyal ve kültürel göndermelerde bulunduğu ve göçmenin varoluş portresinin şifrelerini belirlediği ve çok kültürlü Britanya’nın yeni insan tipini ilan ettiği açıktır.
LOJİSTİK SEKTÖRÜNDE ENFLASYONUN İŞLETME STRATEJİLERİNE ETKİSİ: ORDU VE SAMSUN ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YILDIZ Deniz , BÜYÜKBOSTANCI Atakan
Published: December 2022

Enflasyon, tarihsel süreç içerisinde dünya ekonomilerini ve ülkemiz ekonomisini farklı dönemlerde etkilemiş makro-ekonomik bir sorundur. “Fiyatlar genel seviyesinde meydana gelen sürekli artışlar” olarak tanımlanan enflasyon kavramı tarihsel süreçte tüm toplumları etkileyen önemli bir ekonomik sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ülkemizde son dönemlerde yaşanan yüksek enflasyon sorunu hem sabit gelirlileri hem de işletmeleri etkilemektedir. Enflasyonun etkilediği işletme türleri arasında lojistik işletmeleri de yer almaktadır. Lojistik, ürün ve hizmetin üretimi için gerekli ham madde temininden başlayarak ürün ve hizmetin tüketildiği son noktaya kadar olan tüm tedarik sürecini kapsamaktadır. Dolayısıyla lojistik sektörü lokomotif bir sektör olup enflasyondan da en çok etkilenen sektörlerden birisidir. Enflasyon oranının sürekli yükselmesi işletmelerin maliyetlerinin artmasına neden olması, enerji ve iş gücü girdisini hizmet üretimi sürecinde aktif bir şekilde kullanan lojistik işletmelerinin fiyat artışlarından etkilenmektedir. Bu durum işletmeler için belirsizliğe yol açmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada lojistik sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin de yüksek enflasyondan nasıl etkilendiği araştırılmaktadır. Tedarik zincirinin başından sonuna kadar her aşamasında faaliyet gösteren lojistik işletmelerinin son dönemlerde yaşanan yüksek enflasyondan nasıl etkilendikleri ve enflasyona karşı ne gibi önlemler aldıkları araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni; Samsun ve Ordu illerinde lojistik sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmeler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma örneklemi ise 24 işletmeden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verileri anket yoluyla toplanmıştır ve bu verilerin analizi SPSS.22 programında analiz edilmiştir.
AHMED BİN YAHYA ÇELEBÎ’NİN ŞÂHİDNÂME ŞERHİ
Authors: ATMACA Emine , TUTAR Kasım
Published: December 2022

Klasik Türk edebiyatının didaktik eserlerinden biri sayılan ve hacimce küçük ama içerik bakımından çok zengin olan manzum sözlüklerin kaleme alınışlarının temel sebebi yabancı dildeki kelimeleri öğrencilere kolaylıkla öğretebilmektir. Bu tür sözlükler, “sıbyân” veya “mübtedî” olarak tabir edilen okula yeni başlamış çocuklara yabancı dil öğretmek amacıyla yazılmış ders kitabı hüviyetine sahip eserlerdir. Bu dil hazinelerine yazılan şerhler ise bazı yanlış okumaların ve özellikle öğretici amaçlı yazılan bilgilerin düzeltilmesi maksadıyla kaleme alınan ayrıntılı eserlerdir. Bu bağlamda Türk edebiyatında en çok şerh edilen manzum sözlük, Muğlalı Şâhidî İbrahim Dede’nin (d.1470/ö.1550) Tuhfe-i Şâhidî adlı eseridir. İlmi birikimiyle şairane bir üslûba sahip olan Şâhidî İbrahim Dede, Osmanlı edebiyat geleneğinde, manzum sözlük türünün en önemli temsilcisidir. Çalışmamıza konu olan Ahmed bin Yahya Çelebî’nin Şâhidnâme Şerhi, Şâhidî İbrahim Dede’nin Tuhfe-i Şâhidî adlı manzum sözlüğünü şerh etmek amacıyla kaleme alınmış bir metindir. Eser, Türk şerh edebiyatının XVI. yüzyıl metinleri arasında yer alır. Ahmed bin Yahya Çelebî, Tuhfe-i Şâhidî’yi bölüm bölüm şerh ederken, kelimelerin sözlük anlamlarını vermiş, gramer özelliklerine değinmiş ve edebi sanatlar hakkında bazı değerlendirmelerde bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada, divan şairi ve sözlük yazarı olan Şâhidî İbrahim Dede’nin Tuhfe-i Şâhidî adlı manzum sözlüğünün Ahmed bin Yahya Çelebi tarafından yapılan şerhi ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca Şahidnâme Şerhi’nin dil bilgisi, üslup özellikleri ve şerh metodu hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi verilmiştir.