bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desvendando os laços familiares após uma sentença: um olhar da terapia ocupacional
Authors: Hernandes Raphaela Schiassi , Souza Jeverson Nery
Published: January 2022

No passado as pessoas que sofriam de algum transtorno mental eram vistas como sujeitos tomados pelas forças malignas. Em outro momento, tidas como loucas e expurgadas do seu próprio seio familiar ou sendo isoladas nas suas próprias casas. Com o passar do tempo foram criados lugares para alocar essas pessoas, os futuros hospitais psiquiátricos, e para pessoas com transtornos mentais, que cometeram delitos, a reclusão em Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico (HCTP) que em sua essência, agrupa características hospitalares e de presídio. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi compreender o significado de família para diferentes atores sociais, dentro do HCTP. Os objetivos específicos foram permitir a expressão de nove sujeitos por meio de atividade expressiva sobre família; compreender a percepção sobre família desses internos sob a ótica da equipe de referência e descrever a percepção dos profissionais quanto ao trabalho realizado dentro do HCTP. Para isto utilizou-se da metodologia qualitativa com base teórico-metodológica sócio-histórica, e para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a técnica de entrevista aberta. Os resultados deixam claro a importância da profissão nesse ambiente para a manutenção dos papéis ocupacionais dentro do contexto familiar, proporcionando a manutenção ou o fortalecimento dos mesmos, permitindo uma melhor adesão dos internos ao tratamento dentro do HCTP, tratamento este que muitas vezes pode trazer descrença aos profissionais, por conta de constantes reincidências, das próprias atitudes do interno, além da dificuldade da continuidade do tratamento quando saem do HCTP, devido à dificuldade da própria rede.
Motivo de afastamento do trabalho e qualidade de vida de servidores públicos municipais
Authors: Barbosa Maylla Lienckvitz , Almeida Junior Silvio de , Maniglia Fabíola Pansani , Ramos Salvador Boccaletti
Published: January 2022

Este estudo identificou os motivos de afastamento do trabalho e a relação com as características sociodemográficas, laborais e de qualidade de vida (QV) de servidores públicos de um município de Minas Gerais a partir de um estudo observacional, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 70 servidores públicos, por meio de questionário WHOQOL-BREF. Os resultados apontaram que 64% dos servidores já se afastaram do trabalho. O motivo de afastamento mais ocorrente foi a depressão (p<0,01). Houve diferença com relação ao afastamento entre homens e mulheres (p<0,05). Não houve diferença nos resultados de QV entre os grupos afastados e não afastados. Sugere-se a implementação de ações de promoção da saúde mental entre os servidores para a melhoria na QV e diminuição da necessidade de se ausentar do trabalho.
Efeitos Metabólicos da Terapia Antirretroviral em Mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS
Authors: Santos Matheus Alves dos , Muller Erildo Vicente , Martins Camila Marinelli
Published: January 2022

As desigualdades culturais prejudiciais às mulheres podem potencializar o risco à HIV para este grupo. O objetivo deste estudo foi traçar o perfil epidemiológico e metabólico de mulheres com HIV. Trata-se de um recorte transversal de estudo de coorte em mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS, em terapia antirretroviral (TARV) e que utilizavam o Serviço de Assistência Especializada de Ponta Grossa – PR entre 2003 e 2018. A análise foi descritiva e a associação entre esquema terapêutico e alterações metabólicas foi avaliada com risco relativo (RR) e teste de qui-quadrado. Foram analisados os prontuários de 451 mulheres, 80,5% brancas, 44,4% casadas, 88,2% contraíram HIV por transmissão sexual e 83,1% heterossexuais. Houve associação significativa como fator de risco entre uso de Inibidores da Protease (IP) e alterações no colesterol HDL (RR = 1,70, IC95% 1,32-2,20 e p<0,01) e triglicérides (RR = 1,29, IC 95% 1,01-165 e p= 0,04). Como fator protetor, houve associação significativa entre o uso de Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa Não Nucleosídeos (ITRNN) e alterações no colesterol HDL (RR = 0,66, IC 95% 0,53-0,82 e p<0,001). O estudo mostrou associação entre o uso de TARV e alterações metabólicas nas mulheres, em especial os IP e ITRNN associado a colesterol HDL e triglicerídeos, sugerindo a necessidade de outras opções terapêuticas para pacientes de maior risco cardiovascular.
Meditação on-line: uma estratégia educativa para promoção da saúde mental no contexto da pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Cortez Elaine Antunes , Santos Natânia Candeira dos , Ribeiro Flávia Renata Medeiros , Cypriano Fabiane Cristine , Valente Geilsa Soraia Cavalcanti
Published: January 2022

Este estudo objetiva relatar a experiência do ensino da meditação on-line como prática promotora da saúde mental durante o isolamento social da pandemia por COVID-19. Trata-se de relato de experiência sobre uma das atividades desenvolvidas pelo Projeto de Extensão para Estratégias de Promoção da Saúde Mental na Universidade Federal Fluminense. Devido à pandemia por COVID- 19, as ações tem sido realizadas de maneira remota, neste caso, a meditação. Foram realizados dois ciclos de meditação da Abundância e dois ciclos de Ho’oponopono, com 21 dias em cada ciclo. As atividades da meditação da abundância contaram com a participação de 225 pessoas, e as atividades de Ho’oponopono contaram com a participação de 357 pessoas. O feedback dos participantes sobre a experiência trouxe a percepção da melhora da ansiedade e do medo da contaminação por COVID-19, além de aprendizado profundo com foco no autoconhecimento. Foi possível concluir que a meditação é um recurso relevante para promoção da saúde mental, principalmente em períodos de distanciamento social.
Análise das atividades farmacológicas da Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S.Grose
Authors: Macêdo Fernanda Arias de Almeida , Coêlho Mayara Ladeira , Ribeiro Manoela Cavalcante , Barros Elcio Daniel Sousa , Gomes João Paulo da Silva , Batista Ceres Lima , Lima Layana Karine Farias , Sousa Renato Pinto de
Published: January 2022

Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S.Grose, (sin. Handroanthus albus; sin. Tabebuia serratifolia), conhecida popularmente como ipê-amarelo, pertence à família Bignoniaceae. Plantas dessa família, possuem diversas atividades farmacológicas descritas na literatura, as quais ocorrem devido à presença de metabólitos secundários como, por exemplo, o lapachol, que induz o estresse oxidativo em células e pode ser eficaz contra parasitas intracelulares obrigatórios e células de câncer. O objetivo do artigo foi analisar as propriedades farmacológicas presentes nos compostos químicos isolados de diferentes partes da H. serratifolius (Vahl) S.Grose, (sin. H. albus; sin. T. serratifolia). O estudo trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Science Direct, Google Scholar, Embase, MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science e na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), a partir de trabalhos publicados nos últimos seis anos, nos idiomas português e inglês, que tenham abordado na íntegra o tema em pesquisa. Observou-se nos estudos analisados que as espécies de ipê amarelo possuem atividades antibacteriana, antinociceptiva, antifúngica, antinflámatória, antiparasitária, citotóxica, antileishmanicida, e que essas atividades podem ser encontradas em extratos de folhas e no caule. Além disso, o lapachol mostrou-se responsável por algumas dessas propriedades farmacológicas. Portanto, pode-se concluir que a Handroanthus serratifolius é uma fonte potencial para pesquisas e desenvolvimento de novas substâncias com diferentes aplicabilidades farmacológicas.
Revisão de três espécies medicinais e ornamentais da família Apocynaceae Juss.
Authors: Santos Allyson Francisco dos , Santos Luciano Temoteo dos , Nascimento Marcio Pereira do , Oliveira Elias Laurindo de , Ribeiro Talina Guedes , Pereira Francisco Diego , Lima Geralda de Araújo , Gonçalves Willyan Tavares , Rocha Maria Ivaneide , Feitosa Tânia Kelly Mendes , Cruz Mariana Ferreira da , Tavares Suzana Gonçalves Santana , Figueroa Maria Eliana Vieira , Pereira Ginna Gonçalves
Published: January 2022

Dentre os táxons botânicos que apresentam um alto potencial farmacológico, está a família Apocynaceae Juss.. Com isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo traçar características farmacológicas, fitoquímicas e indicações terapêuticas de três espécies da família supracitada. Referente à espécie Allamanda cathartica L. (dedal-de-princesa), os dados mostram que suas folhas e seu látex são utilizados para o tratamento de febre, icterícia, parasitoses, complicações da malária, baço aumentado e utilizado como laxante e purgante. Podendo tais propriedades estarem relacionadas à sua constituição fitoquímica, visto que apresenta iridóides plumericina e plumieride. Já a espécie medicinal Catharanthus roseus (L.) Don. conhecida popularmente como “boa-noite”, é utilizada para o controle de hemorragias e escorbuto, como enxaguante bucal para dor de dente, na cicatrização e limpeza de feridas crônicas e no tratamento de diabetes. A espécie possui a capacidade de sintetizar uma grande variedade de compostos que são usados pelo vegetal para realizar funções biológicas, como a defesa de predadores. Os alcaloides é o grupo de compostos mais potencialmente ativo de C. roseus, sendo que já foram registrados mais 400 alcaloides nas diversas partes da espécie. Por fim, Nerium oleander L. (espirradeira) possui também grande potencial medicinal, com registros do seu uso no Brasil como expectorante, tônico para o coração, diurético e emético. Doses muito pequenas de extrato de folhas já foram registradas com uso em picadas de cobra. Fica evidente, que esse táxon apresenta espécies com propriedades medicinais, sendo portanto, uma fonte de compostos bioativos de interesse farmacológico.
Radioactive: Análise do potencial do filme como material de Divulgação Científica
Authors: Correia Ana Caroline Vieira , Siqueira Crediana Chris de , Salgado Sara Carolayne Mendonça , Costa Willian Guimarães de Carvalho
Published: January 2022

Os filmes vêm sendo utilizados como instrumento didático para apresentar o saber científico em sala de aula. A obra cinematográfica “Radioactive” lançada em 2019 retrata aspectos da vida da cientista Marie Curie e sua jornada científica juntamente ao seu marido Pierre. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho buscou identificar as possíveis contribuições do filme como instrumento de divulgação científica e apresentar seu potencial didático para utilização em sala de aula. Dessa forma, procurou-se compreender nas cenas do filme aspectos relacionados ao contexto da mulher na ciência, como o filme aborda o assunto radioatividade e identificar aspectos que retratam a atividade científica; para tal, utilizou-se a Análise Textual Discursiva para tratamento dos dados. Conclui-se que a utilização de obras cinematográficas gera envolvimento do público, e o filme apresenta significativo potencial para ser utilizado como um material de divulgação científica trazendo contribuições tanto para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem quanto para a democratização do conhecimento.
O sistema penitenciário brasileiro e a ineficiência da ressocialização dos condenados
Authors: Leite Michael Douglas Sousa , Silva Glauber Iure Cardoso de Menezes , Meneses Helmo Robério Ferreira de , Maia Filho Cristóvão , Varandas Ricardo Paiva , Oliveira Domingos Gualberto de , Victor Jefferson Thiago da Silva , Gomes Rayanna Cândido , Pereira Ednelton Helejone Bento , França Vinícius Campos de , Sousa Sauly Martinho Gomes de , Santos Kaio Luís de Azevêdo , Araújo Weslley Alves de , Teixeira Márcia Rubia Batista , Marques Agilio Tomaz , Silva Rodrigo Rodrigues da , Pessoa Mariana Ferreira , França Laerte Ferreira de Morais , Abrantes Lincon Bezerra de , Mendes Jéssica Ruana Lima
Published: January 2022

O artigo objetiva analisar a aplicação dos meios legais que conduzem o cumprimento da pena no sistema penitenciário, demonstrando a falta de eficácia do sistema penitenciário brasileiro em questão da ressocialização. Como aspectos metodológicos adotou-se uma pesquisa bibliografia, onde teve como base: artigos, monografias, dissertações e teses sobre o assunto tendo em vista a necessidade de se identificar os estudos já realizados. Os resultados mostraram que a situação atual em que o sistema carcerário, em total desacordo com os princípios da Constituição Federal de 1988 e da Lei de Execução Penal, onde é necessário se buscar formas que permitam a real aplicação, e não apenas na letra morta da lei, dos princípios, trazendo, benesses aproveitadas por toda a sociedade. Para que haja mudança do setor, é necessário que se tenha uma movimentação política, o que não é muito animador, posto que os presos se distanciam das prioridades dos políticos, muito em decorrência do desinteresse da própria sociedade, que pouco se importam com as condições do cumprimento de pena de quem comete um crime. Contudo, não é pelo fato do fracasso do sistema que se deve pensar em abolição da pena. É necessário medidas a fim de tentar diminuir as mazelas e a estigmatização dos presos, como a privatização, a justiça restaurativa e a ressocialização por meio da educação.
Direct cost method applied to calculate milk production costs
Authors: Freitas José Leoncio Delmondes Pereira , Muniz Evandro Neves , Santos Anselmo Domingos Ferreira , Freitas Sônia Magna Moura Delmondes , Freitas Luana Moura Delmondes , Ribeiro Junior Valdir , Trindade Leda Maria Delmontes Freitas , Santos Gladston Rafael de Arruda , Silva Camilla Mendonça
Published: January 2022

The objective was to apply direct costing (DC) methodology to calculate dairy farms costs located in the semiarid region of Sergipe, Brazil. Productive and financial data were used from 30 dairy farms, in which milk market is the farms primary activity. Costs were segregated as fixed and variable, as profitability index, contribution margin (CM) and net income (NI). Profit before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) was adopted as financial index. In rural farms analyzed, CM was negative equivalent to R$ - 0.06 per liter of milk, due to the high production cost setting the sold goods cost (COGS), exceeding the net income by 4.49 percentage points, equivalent to R$ 1.31 per liter of milk, contributing to the result of R$ -0.20 (twenty cents) per liter of milk, equivalent to -16.8% of the raw milk price. The direct costing methodology has applicability to calculate costs in dairy farming, as it provides full data and information from the economic-financial point of view, well segregated.
Benefícios da suplementação de creatina em indivíduos idosos
Authors: Ferreira Aline Ribeiro , Silva Joseph Kemyson Alexandre da , Silva Leandro José da , Carvalho Karla Karolaine Silva de , Silva Mariane Helen da , Araújo Gustavo Baroni
Published: January 2022

O processo de envelhecimento é caracterizado por alterações simultâneas nas esferas biopsicossociais, que são responsáveis pelo acometimento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e comumente levam a incapacidade funcional e implicam na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. As alterações biológicas interferem de forma direta no processo de envelhecimento e o sistema musculoesquelético ganha destaque por ser preditor da autonomia, pois quando em declínio favorece a incapacidade funcional e as suas graves consequências. Sabendo que a nutrição adequada é um dos fatores atenuantes das incapacidades do envelhecimento, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica no objetivo de analisar a creatina como recurso terapêutico nas patologias associadas ao envelhecimento. Estudos apontam a suplementação de creatina como estratégia bem tolerada e segura em indivíduos idosos. Foram evidenciados efeitos positivos tanto em ganho de massa magra quanto de força muscular bem como possíveis efeitos neuroprotetores.
Manejo de pacientes com Transtorno Depressivo Maior no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Sampaio Rafael Vieira , Figueiredo Paulo Humberto Mendes de , Rocha Sarah Lais , Lima Lucas Henrique de Amorim
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: investigar, na literatura nacional e internacional, as características das condutas de pacientes com Transtorno Depressivo Maior no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura (RIL), com uma busca sensível e específica nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed e Cochrane Library, através dos termos e seus correlatos: “Terapêutica”, “Transtorno Depressivo Maior”, “Atenção Primária à Saúde” e “Médicos da Família”. Resultados: Foram identificados 518 estudos, após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade 20 estudos foram incluídos na síntese qualitativa, que foram publicados em oito países diferentes de 1995 até 2020, apresentando população total de 35.590 pacientes com transtorno depressivo maior. Discussão: percebeu-se que os estudos abordavam em intervenção medidas farmacológicas, não farmacológicas, como psicoterapia e educação em saúde, assim como medidas alternativas, como gestão de cuidados. Conclusão: os métodos utilizados apresentaram eficácia no tratamento da depressão, porém poucos estudos sobre a temática foram abordados no Brasil.
Pugachev Goes Global: The Revolutionary Potential of Translation
Authors: Griesse Malte
Published: January 2022

This chapter by Malte Griesse explores the reverberations of what was probably the most serious revolutionary event in eighteenth-century Europe before the French Revolution: the Pugachev Rebellion of 1773–75. This Cossack “uprising” was led by Emel’ian Pugachev, who posed as Peter III, the tsar who had been ousted and assassinated in 1762. After the rebellion was suppressed, Catherine the Great, Peter III’s widow and successor, attempted to silence all discussion of the events in Russia. She was unable, however, to control their reverberations abroad. Griesse examines two accounts of the uprising by foreign writers. The first is a 1775 biography of Pugachev in French (allegedly a translation of a Russian original) that represents the rebel as a cosmopolitan figure and Enlightenment reformer. The work serves both to critique despotism in France and to challenge Catherine II’s monopoly on Enlightenment discourse in Russia. The second text, which seems a reaction to the first, is an anonymous German account of the revolt, which depicts Pugachev as an illiterate brute. Griesse analyzes the contexts in which these works were published and traces how these representations were “retranslated” into Russian when the taboo began to be relaxed.
Rethinking Language Policy
Authors: Spolsky Bernard
Published: January 2022

Drawing on four decades of research, the book traces on earlier models and offers an expanded and updated theory of language policy and management. The book surveys the language practices and planning efforts of individuals, families, private and public institutions, local and national advocates and managers, and regional and national governments. By starting with the individual (rather than as in traditional models with the state) and moving through different levels and domains, the book shows the many other policies with which a state government must compete and helps reveal why national language management is so difficult. It draws on detailed descriptions of many countries in Africa, Europe, Asia and the Pacific, and deals with language endangerment and shift, the power of treaties and international movements, and the interference of natural and man-made non-linguistic forces like earthquakes, wars, and corruption.
STATE SUPPORT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY
Authors: Bоkоvets Viktоriia , Makhnachova Natalia , Hryhulets Alla
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article determines the features of theoretical and practical
research of the process of state activity in the development and improvement of
innovative activities of modern domestic enterprises.
The methodological basis of the study is the application of certain theoretical
approaches to the use of a systematic approach, the use of comparative analysis,
observation and diagnosis, comparison, analysis and synthesis, within the research
of theoretical and practical systematic information to support innovation within
public policy.
The scientific novelty of the obtained results is determined by the effectiveness
and some positive and negative trends of public policy regarding the implementation
of innovative activities. That is why the article is devoted to the current topic of
analysis of innovation. The main focus is on state support for innovation and
considers the reasons for using various mechanisms to promote innovation in
countries.
Conclusions. The use of innovations significantly affects the economic
development of the country in the direction of accelerating the restructuring of
the economy, increasing its competitiveness, investment attractiveness and financial
security of the country in the world economic system. State intervention in the
regulation of the modern innovation sphere is objectively necessary, as there are
market failures, overcoming which is one of the most important tasks of the state.
Key words: innovation, innovative development, innovative activity, innovative
potential, state policy of innovative development.
Biomechanical Characterization of Scallop Shells Exposed to Ocean Acidification and Warming
Authors: Abarca-Ortega Aldo , Muñoz-Moya Estefano , Pacheco Alarcón Matías , García-Herrera Claudio M. , Celentano Diego J. , Lagos Nelson A. , Lardies Marco A.
Published: January 2022

Increased carbon dioxide levels (CO2) in the atmosphere triggered a cascade of physical and chemical changes in the ocean surface. Marine organisms producing carbonate shells are regarded as vulnerable to these physical (warming), and chemical (acidification) changes occurring in the oceans. In the last decade, the aquaculture production of the bivalve scallop Argopecten purpuratus (AP) showed declined trends along the Chilean coast. These negative trends have been ascribed to ecophysiological and biomineralization constraints in shell carbonate production. This work experimentally characterizes the biomechanical response of AP scallop shells subjected to climate change scenarios (acidification and warming) via quasi-static tensile and bending tests. The experimental results indicate the adaptation of mechanical properties to hostile growth scenarios in terms of temperature and water acidification. In addition, the mechanical response of the AP subjected to control climate conditions was analyzed with finite element simulations including an anisotropic elastic constitutive model for a two-fold purpose: Firstly, to calibrate the material model parameters using the tensile test curves in two mutually perpendicular directions (representative of the mechanical behavior of the material). Secondly, to validate this characterization procedure in predicting the material’s behavior in two mechanical tests.
The Arthroscopic Application of Radiofrequency in Treatment of Articular Cartilage Lesions
Authors: Lin Chaosheng , Deng Zhenhan , Xiong Jianyi , Lu Wei , Chen Kang , Zheng Yizi , Zhu Weimin
Published: January 2022

Articular cartilage lesion is a common disease to be treated by arthroscopic surgery. It will eventually progress to osteoarthritis without proper management, which can affect patients’ work and daily life seriously. Although mechanical debridement and laser have been used clinically for its treatment, due to their respective drawbacks, radiofrequency has drawn increasing attention from clinicians as a new technique with more advantages. However, the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency have also been questioned. In this article, the scope of application of radiofrequency was reviewed following an introduction of its development history and mechanism, and the methods to ensure the safety and effectiveness of radiofrequency through power and temperature control were summarized.
Microglia-Derived Exosomal microRNA-151-3p Enhances Functional Healing After Spinal Cord Injury by Attenuating Neuronal Apoptosis via Regulating the p53/p21/CDK1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Chengjun , Qin Tian , Liu Yudong , Wen Haicheng , Zhao Jinyun , Luo Zixiang , Peng Wei , Lu Hongbin , Duan Chunyue , Cao Yong , Hu Jianzhong
Published: January 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic event mainly involving neuronal apoptosis and axonal disruption, and it causes severe motor and sensory deficits. Due to the complicated pathological process of SCI, there is currently still a lack of effective treatment for SCI. Microglia, a type of immune cell residing in the central nervous system (CNS), need to respond to various stimuli to protect neuronal cells from death. It was also reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) had been identified in microglia-derived exosomes that can be taken up by neurons. However, the kinds of miRNAs in exosome cargo derived from microglia and the underlying mechanisms by which they contribute to neuroprotection after SCI remain unknown. In the present study, a contusive SCI mouse model and in vitro experiments were applied to explore the therapeutic effects of microglia-derived exosomes on neuronal apoptosis, axonal regrowth, and functional recovery after SCI. Then, miRNA analysis, rescue experiments, and luciferase activity assays for target genes were performed to confirm the role and underlying mechanism of microglia-derived exosomal miRNAs in SCI. We revealed that microglia-derived exosomes could promote neurological functional recovery by suppressing neuronal apoptosis and promoting axonal regrowth both in vivo and in vitro. MicroRNA-151-3p is abundant in microglia-derived exosomes and is necessary for mediating the neuroprotective effect of microglia-derived exosomes for SCI repair. Luciferase activity assays reported that P53 was the target gene for miR-151-3p and that p53/p21/CDK1 signaling cascades may be involved in the modulation of neuronal apoptosis and axonal regrowth by microglia-derived exosomal microRNA-151-3p. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that microglia-derived exosomes (microglia-Exos) might be a promising, cell-free approach for the treatment of SCI. MicroRNA-151-3p is the key molecule in microglia-derived exosomes that mediates the neuroprotective effects of SCI treatments.
Identification and Validation of a Novel Genomic Instability-Associated Long Non-Coding RNA Prognostic Signature in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yun , Zhao Yaqiong , Lu Ruohuang , Zhao Han , Guo Yue
Published: January 2022

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most aggressive malignant cancers worldwide, and accurate prognostic models are urgently needed. Emerging evidence revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are related to genomic instability. We sought to identify and validate a genomic instability-associated lncRNA prognostic signature to assess HNSCC patient survival outcomes.

Methods: RNA-sequencing data, somatic mutation files, and patient clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A total of 491 patients with completely clinical files were randomly divided into training and testing sets. In the training set, genomic instability-associated lncRNAs were screened through univariate Cox regression analyses and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses to build a genomic instability-associated lncRNA signature (GILncSig). In addition, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Kaplan-Meier survival curve, and clinical stratification analyses were used to evaluate the signature’s reliability. Finally, in situ hybridization experiments were performed to validate GILncSig expression levels between adjacent non-tumor tissues and tumor tissues from HNSCC patients.

Results: Four genomic instability-associated lncRNAs (AC023310.4, AC091729.1, LINC01564, and MIR3142HG) were selected for the prognostic signature. The model was successfully validated using the testing cohort. ROC analysis demonstrated its strong predictive ability for HNSCC prognosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that the GILncSig was an independent predictor of prognosis. HNSCC patients with a low-risk score showed a substantially better prognosis than the high-risk groups. The in situ hybridization experiments using human HNSCC tissue revealed high GILncSig expression in HNSCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues.

Conclusion: We developed a novel GILncSig for prognosis prediction in HNSCC patients, and the components of that signature might be therapeutic targets for HNSCC.
A Novel Prognostic Tool for Glioma Based on Enhancer RNA-Regulated Immune Genes
Authors: Tian Wei , Chen Kegong , Yan Guangcan , Han Xinhao , Liu Yanlong , Zhang Qiuju , Liu Meina
Published: January 2022

Background: Gliomas are the most malignant tumors of the nervous system. Even though their survival outcome is closely affected by immune-related genes (IRGs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), the corresponding regulatory mechanism remains poorly characterized.

Methods: Specific enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) can be found in tumors, where they control downstream genes. The present study aimed to identify eRNA-regulated IRGs, evaluate their influence on the TME, and use them to construct a novel prognostic model for gliomas.

Results: Thirteen target genes (ADCYAP1R1, BMP2, BMPR1A, CD4, DDX17, ELN, FGF13, MAPT, PDIA2, PSMB8, PTPN6, SEMA6C, and SSTR5) were identified and integrated into a comprehensive risk signature, which distinguished two risk subclasses. Discrepancies between these subclasses were compared to explore potential mechanisms attributed to eRNA-regulated genes, including immune cell infiltration, clinicopathological features, survival outcomes, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. Furthermore, the risk signature was used to construct a prognostic tool that was evaluated by calibration curve, clinical utility, Harrell’s concordance index (0.87; 95% CI: 0.84–0.90), and time-dependent receiver operator characteristic curves (AUCs: 0.93 and 0.89 at 3 and 5 years, respectively). The strong reliability and robustness of the established prognostic tool were validated in another independent cohort. Finally, potential subtypes were explored in patients with grade III tumors.

Conclusion: Overall, eRNAs were associated with immune-related dysfunctions in the TME. Targeting of IRGs regulated by eRNAs could improve immunotherapeutic/therapeutic outcomes.
Research Advances in Gametogenesis and Embryogenesis Using Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Luo Yuxin , Yu Yang
Published: January 2022

The previous studies of human gametogenesis and embryogenesis have left many unanswered questions, which hinders the understanding of the physiology of these two vital processes and the development of diagnosis and treatment strategies for related diseases. Although many results have been obtained from animal studies, particularly mouse research, the results cannot be fully applied to humans due to species differences in physiology and pathology. However, due to ethical and material limitations, the direct study of human gametes and embryos is very difficult. The emergence and rapid development of organoids allow the construction of organoid systems that simulate gametogenesis and embryogenesis in vitro, and many studies have successfully established organoid systems for some parts of or even the entire processes of gametogenesis and embryogenesis. These studies typically start with the establishment of mouse models and then modify these models to obtain human organoid models. These organoid models can be used to obtain a better understanding of the signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms, genetics, and epigenetic changes involved in gametogenesis and embryogenesis and could also be applied to clinical applications, such as drug screening. Here, we discuss the formation of primordial stem cell-like cells (PGCLCs), and in vitro-induced gametes and embryoids using pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). We also analyze their applications and limitations.
The Gentle Side of the UPS: Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and the Regulation of the Myogenic Program
Authors: Olguín Hugo C.
Published: January 2022

In recent years, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has emerged as an important regulator of stem cell function. Here we review recent findings indicating that UPS also plays critical roles in the biology of satellite cells, the muscle stem cell responsible for its maintenance and regeneration. While we focus our attention on the control of key transcriptional regulators of satellite cell function, we briefly discuss early studies suggesting the UPS participates more broadly in the regulation of satellite cell stemness and regenerative capacity.
Engraftment, Fate, and Function of HoxB8-Conditional Neutrophil Progenitors in the Unconditioned Murine Host
Authors: Cohen Joshua T. , Danise Michael , Hinman Kristina D. , Neumann Brittany M. , Johnson Renita , Wilson Zachary S. , Chorzalska Anna , Dubielecka Patrycja M. , Lefort Craig T.
Published: January 2022

The development and use of murine myeloid progenitor cell lines that are conditionally immortalized through expression of HoxB8 has provided a valuable tool for studies of neutrophil biology. Recent work has extended the utility of HoxB8-conditional progenitors to thein vivosetting via their transplantation into irradiated mice. Here, we describe the isolation of HoxB8-conditional progenitor cell lines that are unique in their ability to engraft in the naïve host in the absence of conditioning of the hematopoietic niche. Our results indicate that HoxB8-conditional progenitors engraft in a β1 integrin-dependent manner and transiently generate donor-derived mature neutrophils. Furthermore, we show that neutrophils derivedin vivofrom transplanted HoxB8-conditional progenitors are mobilized to the periphery and recruited to sites of inflammation in a manner that depends on the C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 and β2 integrins, the same mechanisms that have been described for recruitment of endogenous primary neutrophils. Together, our studies advance the understanding of HoxB8-conditional neutrophil progenitors and describe an innovative tool that, by virtue of its ability to engraft in the naïve host, will facilitate mechanisticin vivoexperimentation on neutrophils.
Double k-Grid Method for Solving the Bethe-Salpeter Equation via Lanczos Approaches
Authors: Alliati Ignacio M. , Sangalli Davide , Grüning Myrta
Published: January 2022

Convergence with respect to the size of the k-points sampling grid of the Brillouin zone is the main bottleneck in the calculation of optical spectra of periodic crystals via the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). We tackle this challenge by proposing a double grid approach to k-sampling compatible with the effective Lanczos-based Haydock iterative solution. Our method relies on a coarse k-grid that drives the computational cost, while a dense k-grid is responsible for capturing excitonic effects, albeit in an approximated way. Importantly, the fine k-grid requires minimal extra computation due to the simplicity of our approach, which also makes the latter straightforward to implement. We performed tests on bulk Si, bulk GaAs and monolayer MoS2, all of which produced spectra in good agreement with data reported elsewhere. This framework has the potential of enabling the calculation of optical spectra in semiconducting systems where the efficiency of the Haydock scheme alone is not enough to achieve a computationally tractable solution of the BSE, e.g., large-scale systems with very stringent k-sampling requirements for achieving convergence.
Kinetics of the Photoexcited States in Thin Films of Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers With Ditopic Thiophene-Bridged Terpyridine Ligands
Authors: Menšík Miroslav , Rais David , Thottappali Muhammed Arshad , Güloğlu Pinar , Toman Petr , Vohlídal Jiří , Pfleger Jiří
Published: January 2022

Managing the excited-state decay by a supramolecular structure is a crucial issue for organic photovoltaics. We show that in thin films of metallo-supramolecular polymers made of bis(terpyridine-4′-yl)terthiophenes and Zn2+ coupling ions, the photoexcited states generated by ultrashort laser pulses at the wavelength of 440 nm decay by the bi-molecular annihilation predominantly controlled by the Förster transfer between singlet states. During this bi-molecular annihilation of singlet states, intermediate hot triplet pairs are formed, which subsequently dissociate into long-living diffusing triplet states. It explains a significant shortening of the triplet state rise time with increasing pump fluence. The diffusion coefficient of triplets showed power-law time dependence, with its exponent proportional to the pump fluence, decreasing thus the diffusivity of triplets.
Optimal Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Adults Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Study Including More Than 4 Million Individuals From South Korea
Authors: Huh Ji Hye , Park Sang Wook , Go Tae-Hwa , Kang Dae Ryong , Lee Sang-Hak , Kim Jang-Young
Published: January 2022

Background

Although the strong association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well-known, the threshold LDL-C level at which the risk of CVD begins to increase in individuals without diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between incident CVD and serum LDL-C levels with or without statin use in individuals without DM.

Methods

We identified 4,182,117 individuals without previous CVD who underwent a health screening examination in 2009 and 2011 from the Korean National Health Insurance Cohort database. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular deaths, myocardial infarction (MI) cases, and ischemic stroke cases.

Results

During the median follow-up of 6 years, there were 51,961 CVD events that included 17,392 MI cases, 33,779 ischemic stroke cases, and 2,039 cardiovascular deaths. The LDL-C levels that were associated with an increased risk of CVD were ≥100 mg/dL in non-statin users and ≥130 mg/dL in statin users. However, even in individuals with lower LDL-C levels, all those with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels ≥110 mg/dL had a significantly higher risk of CVD.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that LDL-C levels ≥100 mg/dL were correlated with an increased risk of CVD in individuals without DM and a history of CVD. We found that a glucose, cholesterol interaction increased CVD risk, and modestly elevated FPG levels (110–125 mg/dL) were associated with a higher CVD risk even in individuals with well-controlled LDL-C levels.
CaMKII-δ9 Induces Cardiomyocyte Death to Promote Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure
Authors: Zhang Mao , Zhang Junxia , Zhang Wenjia , Hu Qingmei , Jin Li , Xie Peng , Zheng Wen , Shang Haibao , Zhang Yan
Published: January 2022

Heart failure is a syndrome in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, resulting from impaired ventricular filling or ejection of blood. Heart failure is still a global public health problem and remains a substantial unmet medical need. Therefore, it is crucial to identify new therapeutic targets for heart failure. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that modulates various cardiac diseases. CaMKII-δ9 is the most abundant CaMKII-δ splice variant in the human heart and acts as a central mediator of DNA damage and cell death in cardiomyocytes. Here, we proved that CaMKII-δ9 mediated cardiomyocyte death promotes cardiomyopathy and heart failure. However, CaMKII-δ9 did not directly regulate cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, we also showed that CaMKII-δ9 induced cell death in adult cardiomyocytes through impairing the UBE2T/DNA repair signaling. Finally, we demonstrated no gender difference in the expression of CaMKII-δ9 in the hearts, together with its related cardiac pathology. These findings deepen our understanding of the role of CaMKII-δ9 in cardiac pathology and provide new insights into the mechanisms and therapy of heart failure.
Real-Time Simulation Modeling Method of Multiphase Converters Based on High-Order Approximation in Micro-grid
Authors: Hao Xiaoliang , Fu Lijun , Ma Fan , Hu Liangdeng , Zhang Xueyan
Published: January 2022

As more and more distributed energy resources accessing in a micro-grid, the electromagnetic transient simulation of the whole system becomes extremely complicated due to the increase of multiphase converters. The traditional real-time simulation models of multiphase converters are low in efficiency for their large number of electronic switches and power system nodes. To solve this problem, an efficient real-time simulation modeling method based on high-order approximation is proposed. Starting with the symmetry of structure, the twelve-phase converter and induction motor are equivalent to a three-phase converter and induction motor and thus reducing the order of the model. The switching function model of the three-phase converter is derived, and the mathematical expressions of switching functions are calculated by high-order approximation expansion of the Fourier series; then, the dc input current of the three-phase converter is formulated theoretically. Counteracting the harmonics by means of phase-shifting, the high-order approximation model of the twelve-phase converter is constructed. Finally, the real-time simulation platform and experimental platform of the twelve-phase frequency converter and induction motor are built; the simulation results verify the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed real-time simulation model compared with traditional models of the multiphase frequency converter.
Challenges in the Evaluation of Observational Data Trustworthiness From a Data Producers Viewpoint (FAIR+)
Authors: Koedel Uta , Schuetze Claudia , Fischer Philipp , Bussmann Ingeborg , Sauer Philip K. , Nixdorf Erik , Kalbacher Thomas , Wichert Viktoria , Rechid Diana , Bouwer Laurens M. , Dietrich Peter
Published: January 2022

Recent discussions in many scientific disciplines stress the necessity of “FAIR” data. FAIR data, however, does not necessarily include information on data trustworthiness, where trustworthiness comprises reliability, validity and provenience/provenance. This opens up the risk of misinterpreting scientific data, even though all criteria of “FAIR” are fulfilled. Especially applications such as secondary data processing, data blending, and joint interpretation or visualization efforts are affected. This paper intends to start a discussion in the scientific community about how to evaluate, describe, and implement trustworthiness in a standardized data evaluation approach and in its metadata description following the FAIR principles. It discusses exemplarily different assessment tools regarding soil moisture measurements, data processing and visualization and elaborates on which additional (metadata) information is required to increase the trustworthiness of data for secondary usage. Taking into account the perspectives of data collectors, providers and users, the authors identify three aspects of data trustworthiness that promote efficient data sharing: 1) trustworthiness of the measurement 2) trustworthiness of the data processing and 3) trustworthiness of the data integration and visualization. The paper should be seen as the basis for a community discussion on data trustworthiness for a scientifically correct secondary use of the data. We do not have the intention to replace existing procedures and do not claim completeness of reliable tools and approaches described. Our intention is to discuss several important aspects to assess data trustworthiness based on the data life cycle of soil moisture data as an example.
Differential Expression of Metabolism-Related Genes in Plateau Pika (Ochotona curzoniae) at Different Altitudes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhu Hongjuan , Zhong Liang , Li Jing , Wang Suqin , Qu Jiapeng
Published: January 2022

According to life history theory, animals living in extreme environments have evolved specific behavioral and physiological strategies for survival. However, the genetic mechanisms underpinning these strategies are unclear. As the highest geographical unit on Earth, the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is characterized by an extreme environment and climate. During long-term evolutionary processes, animals that inhabit the plateau have evolved specialized morphological and physiological traits. The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), one of the native small mammals that evolved on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, has adapted well to this cold and hypoxic environment. To explore the genetic mechanisms underlying the physiological adaptations of plateau pika to extremely cold ambient temperatures, we measured the differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and metabolism-related gene expression in individuals inhabiting three distinct altitudes (i.e., 3,321, 3,663, and 4,194 m). Results showed that the body mass and RMR of plateau pika at high- and medium-altitudes were significantly higher than those at the low-altitude. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (pgc-1α), and the PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16) in white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues of plateau pika from high- and medium-altitudes were significantly higher than in pika from the low-altitude region. The enhanced expression levels of pgc-1α and pparα genes in the WAT of pika at high-altitude showed that WAT underwent “browning” and increased thermogenic properties. An increase in the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the BAT of pika at high altitude indicated that BAT increased their thermogenic properties. The gene expression levels of pparα and pgc-1α in skeletal muscles were significantly higher in high-altitude pika. Simultaneously, the expression of the sarcolipin (SLN) gene in skeletal muscles significantly increased in high-altitude pika. Our results suggest that plateau pika adapted to an extremely cold environment via browning WAT, thereby activating BAT and enhancing SLN expression to increase non-shivering thermogenesis. This study demonstrates that plateau pika can increase thermogenic gene expression and energy metabolism to adapt to the extreme environments on the plateau.