bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carboniferous eclogite and garnet–omphacite granulite from northeastern Hainan Island, South China: Implications for the evolution of the eastern Palaeo‐Tethys
Authors: Liu Xiaochun , Chen Yi , Wang Wei‐(RZ) , Xia Mengmeng , Hu Juan , Li Yibing , Hu Daogong , Song Biao
Published: July 2020

High‐P (HP) eclogite and associated garnet–omphacite granulite have recently been discovered in the Mulantou area, northeastern Hainan Island, South China. These rocks consist mainly of garnet, omphacite, hornblende, quartz and rutile/ilmenite, with or without zoisite and plagioclase. Textural relationships, mineral compositions and thermobarometric calculations demonstrate that the eclogite and garnet–omphacite granulite share the same three‐stage metamorphic evolution, with prograde, peak and retrograde P−T conditions of 620–680°C and 8.7–11.1 kbar, 820–860°C and 17.0–18.2 kbar, and 700–730°C and 7.1–8.5 kbar respectively. Sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe U–Pb zircon dating, coupled with the identification of mineral inclusions in zircon, reveals the formation of mafic protoliths before 355 Ma, prograde metamorphism at c. 340–330 Ma, peak to retrograde metamorphism at c. 310–300 Ma, and subsequent pegmatite intrusion at 295 Ma. Trace element geochemistry shows that most of the rocks have a MORB affinity, with initial εNd values of +2.4 to +6.7. As with similar transitional eclogite–HP granulite facies rocks in the thickened root in the European Variscan orogen, the occurrence of relatively high P−T metamorphic rocks of oceanic origin in northeastern Hainan Island suggests Carboniferous oceanic subduction leading to collision of the Hainan continental block, or at least part of it, with the South China Block in the eastern Palaeo‐Tethyan tectonic domain.
A Note on Endogenous Market Structure under Heterogeneous Firms*
Authors: Anderson Benjamin C.
Published: July 2020

Industries, such as semiconductors and biotechnology, are characterized by heterogeneous research productivity and vertically differentiated products. In this note, I relax the assumption of symmetric R&D costs in Sutton [1998] and derive the lower bounds to market concentration when entry and R&D investments in product quality are jointly determined. I show that the lower bound to concentration depends on the degree of vertical differentiation, which is a function of market size and quality choices. My findings imply that empirical applications that fail to account for differences in quality will be biased towards the null hypothesis of exogenous entry costs otherwise.
Phylogenetic relationships and the maternal donor ofRoegneria(Triticeae: Poaceae) based on three nuclear DNA sequences (ITS,Acc1, andPgk1) and one chloroplast region (trnL‐F)
Authors: Lei Ying‐Xia , Fan Xing , Sha Li‐Na , Wang Yi , Kang Hou‐Yang , Zhou Yong‐Hong , Zhang Hai‐Qin
Published: July 2020

Roegneriais a polyploid perennial genus in the tribe Triticeae. Some species ofRoegneriaare morphologically similar to genusElymusand have been classified inElymus. To investigate the delimitation and phylogenetic relationships ofRoegneria, nuclear (ITS,Acc1, andPgk1) and chloroplast (trnL–trnF) DNA regions were sequenced for 38 allopolyploid species and 32 diploid species of Triticeae. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear DNA revealed that allRoegneriaspecies were included in the St and Y genome clades, and that the Y genome was closely related to the V and Xp genomes. The chloroplast DNA dataset showed thatRoegneriaspecies were grouped withPseudoroegneriaspecies. ThePseudoroegneriaspecies from the Middle East (P. libanoticaandP. tauri) and Central Asia (P. strigosa) were more closely related toRoegneriaspecies. The results suggested that: (i) the species containing the St and Y genomes should be segregated fromElymusand treated as a distinct genus,Roegneria, based on the genomic constitution; (ii)P. libanotica, P. tauri, and/orP. strigosapotentially served as the maternal donor of the St genome inRoegneria; (iii) The Y genome ofRoegneriaoriginated from a diploid Y genome species, and the V and Xp genomes may have contributed to Y genome formation; (iv) amongRoegneriaspecies of previously uncertain genomic constitution,R. seriotinawas tetraploid and possessed the StY genomes,E. calcicoluswas hexaploid with the StYH genomic constitution and should be classified inCampeiostachys, R. glaucifoliapossessed the StStY genomes, andR. tschimganicahad the genomic constitution St1St2Y.
The effects of oil price shocks on the macroeconomy: economic growth and unemployment in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almutairi Najla
Published: July 2020

In contrast to the majority of studies which focus primarily on oil‐importing countries in describing the mechanism by which oil price shocks affect economic activities, this study focuses on oil‐exporting countries. Saudi Arabia is taken as a key example in considering two macroeconomic variables: economic growth and unemployment. This study examines changes in these variables in terms of the effects of two types of disturbances: demand and supply, following Blanchard and Quah’s (American Economic Review1989; 79: 655) approach. The findings of impulse response analysis and variance decomposition indicate that oil price shocks play a key role in the fluctuations in economic growth and unemployment in the Saudi economy.
Pediatric length‐of‐stay index following liver transplantation
Authors: Zhang Theodore , Barrett Spencer , Cotton Ronald , Galvan Nhu Thao Nguyen , O'Mahony Christine , Moore Vierling John , Goss John A. , Rana Abbas
Published: July 2020

Background

PELD scores are used to reduce waitlist mortality, but they do not accurately predict likelihood of prolonged length‐of‐stay or higher costs associated with it. This study aims to create a pediatric length‐of‐stay (LOS) index to predict increased risk of prolonged stay following liver transplantation.

Methods

The scoring system generated predicts length‐of‐stay following pediatric liver transplantation. With univariate and multivariate analyses on data from 5669 pediatric liver transplant recipients, independent recipient/donor risk factors for prolonged stay (>30 days) were identified. Multiple imputations accounted for missing variables.

Results

The most significant factors were ICU admission (OR 2.92, CI 2.27‐3.75), recipient bilirubin >32 (OR 2.35, CI 1.70‐3.25), and hemodialysis 1 week before transplantation (OR 2.27, CI 1.57‐3.27). The LOS index assigns weighted scoring points to factors to predict prolonged stay (C‐statistic of .72). The index demonstrated discrimination across the population after dividing it into quartiles for prolonged stay.

Conclusions

The pediatric LOS index, utilizing 13 donor/recipient factors, can assess the risk for pediatric liver transplantation prolonged stay. Important predictive factors are hemodialysis, ICU admission, recipient weight and bilirubin, and recipient life support status.
Examination of potential disparities in suicide risk identification and follow‐up care within the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Carter Sarah P. , Malte Carol A. , Rojas Sasha M. , Hawkins Eric J. , Reger Mark A.
Published: July 2020

To improve the identification and intervention of suicide risk, the Veterans Health Administration implemented the use of electronic patient record flags (PRF) to indicate when a veteran is identified as high risk for suicide and to increase the clinical contacts made with the veteran. The current study utilized an intersectional approach to assess potential disparities in the likelihood of receiving a PRF and the likelihood of receiving post‐PRF follow‐up care among veterans with substance use disorders (SUDs). Among 458,092 veterans who received a SUD diagnosis in 2012, Black veterans were less likely to receive a PRF, although Black‐disabled veterans and Black‐female veterans were more likely to receive a PRF. Homelessness was related to greater likelihood of receiving a PRF and post‐PRF care. Hispanic/Latinx veterans who experienced homelessness were more likely to receive post‐PRF care, while disabled veterans who experienced homelessness were less likely. Hispanic/Latinx, female veterans, and Black‐disabled veterans were significantly less likely to receive post‐PRF care. Overall, few marginalized or intersecting identities were associated with decreased PRF or decreased follow‐up care. There are opportunities for specific strategies that promote engagement in VA follow‐up services for veterans identifying as Hispanic/Latinx women, disabled Black veterans, and disabled homeless veterans.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: July 2020

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 8Alphonce John Amuli, ADEM, TanzaniaFathia Lahwal, Elmergib University, LibyaJane Liang, California Department of Education, USAKeyla Ferrari Lopes, UNICAMP, BrazilMaria Rosa M. Prado, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, BrazilMary Sciaraffa, Eastern Kentucky University, USAMelike Özüdoğru, Manisa Celal Bayar University, TurkeyNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASamah El-Sakka, Suez University, EgyptSandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASenem Seda Şahenk Erkan, Marmara University, TurkeyThada Jantakoon, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, ThailandVeronica Velasco Gonzalez, University of Valladolid, SpainYuChun Chen, Louisiana Tech University, USA Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Diverse Energy-Conserving Pathways in Clostridium difficile: Growth in the Absence of Amino Acid Stickland Acceptors and the Role of the Wood-Ljungdahl Pathway
Authors: Gencic Simonida , Grahame David A.
Published: July 2020

Clostridium difficile
is an anaerobic, multidrug-resistant, toxin-producing pathogen with major health impacts worldwide. It is the only widespread pathogen harboring a complete set of Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP) genes; however, the role of the WLP in
C. difficile
is poorly understood. In other anaerobic bacteria and archaea, the WLP can operate in one direction to convert CO
2
to acetic acid for biosynthesis or in either direction for energy conservation. Here, conditions are defined in which WLP levels in
C. difficile
increase markedly, functioning to support metabolism of carbohydrates. Amino acid nutritional requirements were better defined, with new insight into how the WLP and butyrate pathways act in concert, contributing significantly to energy metabolism by a mechanism that may have broad physiological significance within the group of nonclassical acetogens.
Refocusing vitamin A supplementation programmes to reach the most vulnerable
Authors: McLean Erin , Klemm Rolf , Subramaniam Hamsa , Greig Alison
Published: July 2020

WHO recommends vitamin A supplementation (VAS) programmes for children 6–59 months where vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem. However, resources for VAS are falling short of current needs and programme coverage is suffering. The authors present the case for considering the options for shifting efforts and resources from a generalised approach, to prioritising resources to reach populations with continued high child mortality rates and high vitamin A deficiency prevalence to maximise child survival benefits . This includes evaluating where child mortality and/or vitamin A deficiency has dropped, as well as using under 5 mortality rates as a proxy for vitamin A deficiency, in the absence of recent data. The analysis supports that fewer countries may now need to prioritise VAS than in the year 2000, but that there are still a large number of countries that do. The authors also outline next steps for analysing options for improved targeting and cost-effectiveness of programmes. Focusing VAS resources to reach the most vulnerable is an efficient use of resources and will continue to promote young child survival.
Predicting major adverse cardiovascular events for secondary prevention: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk prediction models
Authors: Akyea Ralph K , Leonardi-Bee Jo , Asselbergs Folkert W , Patel Riyaz S , Durrington Paul , Wierzbicki Anthony S , Ibiwoye Oluwaseun H , Kai Joe , Qureshi Nadeem , Weng Stephen F
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. With advances in early diagnosis and treatment of CVD and increasing life expectancy, more people are surviving initial CVD events. However, models for stratifying disease severity risk in patients with established CVD for effective secondary prevention strategies are inadequate. Multivariable prognostic models to stratify CVD risk may allow personalised treatment interventions. This review aims to systematically review the existing multivariable prognostic models for the recurrence of CVD or major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with established CVD diagnosis.

Methods and analysis

Bibliographic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science) will be searched, from database inception to April 2020, using terms relating to the clinical area and prognosis. A hand search of the reference lists of included studies will also be done to identify additional published studies. No restrictions on language of publications will be applied. Eligible studies present multivariable models (derived or validated) of adults (aged 16 years and over) with an established diagnosis of CVD, reporting at least one of the components of the primary outcome of major adverse cardiovascular events (defined as either coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, heart failure or CVD-related mortality). Reviewing will be done by two reviewers independently using the pre-defined criteria. Data will be extracted for included full-text articles. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Prediction model study Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). Prognostic models will be summarised narratively. If a model is tested in multiple validation studies, the predictive performance will be summarised using a random-effects meta-analysis model to account for any between-study heterogeneity.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required. The results of this study will be submitted to relevant conferences for presentation and a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019149111.
Role of active patient involvement in undergraduate medical education: a systematic review
Authors: Dijk Stijntje Willemijn , Duijzer Edwin Johan , Wienold Matthias
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To identify the scope of active patient involvement in medical education, addressing the current knowledge gaps relating to rationale and motivation for involvement, recruitment and preparation, roles, learning outcomes and key procedural contributors.

Methods

The authors performed a systematic search of the PubMed database of publications between 2003 and 2018. Original studies in which patients take on active roles in the development, delivery or evaluation of undergraduate medical education and written in English were eligible for inclusion. Included studies’ references were searched for additional articles. Quality of papers was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results

49 articles were included in the review. Drivers for patient involvement included policy requirements and patients’ own motivations to contribute to society and learning. Patients were engaged in a variety of educational settings in and outside of the hospital. The vast majority of studies describe patients taking on the role of a patient teacher and formative assessor. More recent studies suggest that patients are increasingly involved in course and curriculum development, student selection and summative assessment. The new body of empirical evidence shows the wide range of learning objectives was pursued through patient participation, including competencies as professional, communicator, collaborator, leader and health advocate, but not scholar. Measures to support sustainable patient involvement included longitudinal institutional incorporation, patient recruitment and/or training, resource support and clear commitment by faculty. The importance and advantages of patient involvement were highlighted by students, faculty and patients themselves; however, organisations must continue to consider, monitor and take steps to mitigate any potential harms to patients and students.

Discussion

This systematic review provides new knowledge and practical insights to physicians and faculty on how to incorporate active patient involvement in their institutions and daily practice, and provides suggested action points to patient organisations wishing to engage in medical education.
Associations between concussion and risk of diagnosis of psychological and neurological disorders: a retrospective population-based cohort study
Authors: Morissette Marc P , Prior Heather J , Tate Robert B , Wade John , Leiter Jeff R S
Published: July 2020

Objective

To investigate associations between concussion and the risk of follow-up diagnoses of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood and anxiety disorders (MADs), dementia and Parkinson’s disease.

Design

A retrospective population-based cohort study.

Setting

Administrative health data for the Province of Manitoba between 1990–1991 and 2014–2015.

Participants

A total of 47 483 individuals were diagnosed with a concussion using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes (ICD-9-CM: 850; ICD-10-CA: S06.0). All concussed subjects were matched with healthy controls at a 3:1 ratio based on age, sex and geographical location. Associations between concussion and conditions of interest diagnosed later in life were assessed using a stratified Cox proportional hazards regression model, with adjustments for socioeconomic status and pre-existing medical conditions.

Results

28 021 men (mean age ±SD, 25±18 years) and 19 462 women (30±21 years) were included in the concussion group, while 81 871 men (25±18 years) and 57 159 women (30±21 years) were included in the matched control group. Concussion was associated with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.39 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.46, p<0.001) for ADHD, 1.72 (95% CI 1.69 to 1.76; p<0.001) for MADs, 1.72 (95% CI 1.61 to 1.84; p<0.001) for dementia and 1.57 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.75; p<0.001) for Parkinson’s disease.

Conclusion

Concussion was associated with an increased risk of diagnosis for all four conditions of interest later in life.
The discrete tanh method for solving the nonlinear differential-difference equations
Authors: Houwe A. , Inc M. , Doka S. Y. , Acay B. , Hoan L. V. C.
Published: July 2020

We investigated analytical solutions for the nonlinear differential-difference equations (DDEs) having fractional-order derivative. We employed the discrete tanh method in computations. Performance of trigonometric functions, dark one solitons and rational solutions are discussed in detail. The results with reliable parameters are illustrated via 2-D and 3-D graphs.
RESTCub: A Language Independent Middleware for Cognitive Robot
Authors: Dildar Muhammad Ali , Asif Muhammad , Kanwal Asma , Ahmad Maaz Bin , Gilani Syed A.
Published: July 2020

Since the last few decades, research in the area of robotics technology has been emphasizing in the modeling and development of cognitive machines. A cognitive machine can have multiple cognitive capabilities to be programmed to make it artificially intelligent. Numerous cognitive modules interact to mimic human behavior in machines and result in such a heavily coupled system that a minor change in logic or hardware may affect a large number of its modules. To address such a problem, several middlewares exist to ease the development of cognitive machines. Although these layers decouple the process of logic building and communication infrastructure of modules, they are language-dependent and have their limitations. A cognitive module developed for one research work cannot be a part of another research work resulting in the re-invention of the wheel. This paper proposes a RESTful technology-based framework that provides language-independent access to low-level control of the iCub’s sensory-motor system. Moreover, the model is flexible enough to provide hybrid communications between cognitive modules running on different platforms and operating systems. Furthermore, a cognitive client is developed to test the proposed model. The experimental analysis performed by creating different scenarios shows the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Fabrication of CoMN2O4 loaded nitrogen-doped graphene as bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc-air batteries
Authors: Liang Yunxia , Gong Qiaojuan , Sun Xiaoling , Xu Nengneng , Gong Pengni , Qiao Jinli
Published: July 2020

Designing durable and low-cost electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries is critical, which plays an essential role in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this paper, the CoMn2O4/N-RGO bifunctional electrocatalyst was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The electrocatalytic performance was tested toward ORR and OER under alkaline condition (0.1[Formula: see text]M KOH). The XRD, SEM and other characterization analyses were used to investigate the physicochemical properties of materials. The results showed that the electrochemical activity of CoMn2O4/N-RGO showed high power density (354[Formula: see text]mW[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], small charge/discharge voltage drop (0.70[Formula: see text]V) and excellent stability cycle (200[Formula: see text]h), which are superior to the noble metal Pt/C+IrO2 electrocatalyst (the voltage drop: 0.60[Formula: see text]V at initial and 0.85[Formula: see text]V after 13[Formula: see text]h). This work provided a new method for developing the bifunctional material in zinc-air batteries.
How Does Bilateral Preference Affect Shared Parking in Sharing Economy?
Authors: Zhang Yuxue , Wen Haoyu , Zhao Ming , Yang Zhaojun
Published: July 2020

Sharing economy is seen as an essential building block for sustainability. Yet, inefficient utilizing of parking spaces needs more attention, by which both direct and indirect traffic congestions may be caused, jeopardizing the economic potential of sustainable development. Conventional parking service may gradually lose favour in analogy to its counterpart, of which a novel approach solving shortage of urban parking resources is offered by shared parking. Hence, in this paper, problems of how to redistribute the available private-owned parking slots that be shared are focused due to the parking slot location properties that can be labelled as random, disordered, unstable, widely distributed, etc. Specifically, shared parking greatly enhances reasonability by considering satisfaction. Based on the mechanism of time matching between supply and demand, this paper thoroughly takes the bilateral preference of both parking demanders and parking space suppliers into account in terms of maximization of the utilization rate of shared parking spaces as well as the satisfaction of parking demanders, in which a multiobjective optimization model is established and the weighted sum method combined with the Hungarian method is adopted. Compared with the first-come-first-served (FCFS) strategy, the performance of the proposed method enjoys more advantages in utilizing shared parking spaces and in satisfying parking demanders. The model established and algorithm conducted in this paper meet the requirements induced by parking space redistribution in which inequalities exist between supply and demand, facilitating automobile parking and realizing higher efficiencies in using public resources regarding shortage of parking spaces in urban areas.
On the Fractional View Analysis of Keller–Segel Equations with Sensitivity Functions
Authors: Liu Haobin , Khan Hassan , Shah Rasool , Alderremy A. A. , Aly Shaban , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the fractional view analysis of the Keller–Segal equations with sensitivity functions is presented. The Caputo operator has been used to pursue the present research work. The natural transform is combined with the homotopy perturbation method, and a new scheme for implementation is derived. The modified established method is named as the homotopy perturbation transform technique. The derived results are compared with the solution of the Laplace Adomian decomposition technique by using the systems of fractional Keller–Segal equations. The solution graphs and the table have shown that the obtained results coincide with the solution of the Laplace Adomian decomposition method. Fractional-order solutions are determined to confirm the reliability of the current method. It is observed that the solutions at various fractional orders are convergent to an integer-order solution of the problems. The suggested procedure is very attractive and straight forward and therefore can be modified to solve high nonlinear fractional partial differential equations and their systems.
Valorization of Olive Pruning Residues through Bioconversion into Edible Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Ex Fr.) P. Kumm. (1871) of Improved Nutritional Value
Authors: Abou Fayssal Sami , Alsanad Mohammed A. , El Sebaaly Zeina , Ismail Ahmed I. H. , Sassine Youssef N.
Published: July 2020

In several Mediterranean countries, olive pruning residues (OLPRs) are abandoned or burned leading to several environmental problems. Valorization of these agrowastes could be a challenge for the primary decomposer Pleurotus ostreatus, turning them into edible biomass. The OLPR was used alone (OLPR), or in mixtures with wheat straw (WS : OLPR 1 : 3 v/v and WS : OLPR 3 : 1 v/v). Mycelial colonization was hastened by 3.7 days in WS : OLPR 1 : 3 (v/v). Yields were comparable to control (WS) in WS : OLPR 3 : 1 (v/v). Organic matter loss decreased with increasing proportions of OLPR in substrates. The nutritional value of mushrooms was improved by lower fat and sodium contents, in WS : OLPR 1 : 3 (v/v) and WS : OLPR 3 : 1 (v/v), and higher total protein, crude fiber, iron, and total carbohydrates contents in WS : OLPR 3 : 1 (v/v), compared with those of control. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly linoleic acid, were the most abundant in mushrooms. Monounsaturated fatty acids increased in mushrooms of the substrates containing OLPR. A good predictive model of partial least square regression analysis showed different relationships of mushroom palmitic, oleic, linolenic, palmitoleic, and stearic acids with substrate composition. Findings suggested the use of OLPR as a supplement to commercial wheat straw and as a tool to reduce the negative impacts of their hazardous disposal on the environment.
A Mobile Application Penyikang Applied in Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: A Cross‐Sectional Study to Analyze the Factors Influencing Postpartum Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength and Women’s Participation in Treatment
Authors: Li Juan , Sun Xiaoyan , Wang Congyu , Zhang Zujuan , Xie Zhenwei
Published: July 2020

Objectives. Postpartum pelvic floor muscle (PFM) injuries are the result of pregnancy and delivery, which lead to a series of symptoms requiring long‐term follow‐up. Mobile health platforms are progressively used for monitoring clinical conditions in medical subjects. This survey was a cross‐sectional design based on collecting data from an application (Penyikang). We retrospectively analyzed the risk factors for weak postpartum PFM and further analyzed the factors influencing women’s participation in the treatment which may help to improve the app’s application in the future. Methods. We enrolled postpartum women who gave birth at the Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from August to November 2017; trained them to use the app; and collected the demographic and clinical information. This app requires users to fill questionnaires to assess their knowledge of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) and pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and experience with PFMT, and each therapy evaluation was restored. The relationship between the knowledge of PFMT/PFD, UI symptoms, and PFM strength was analyzed. Cluster analysis was used to define the degree of participation and identify the factors influencing the patients’ participation in intensive therapy and evaluation. Results. 1982 postpartum women who enrolled in the app program were defined as weak PFM. Younger maternal age, cesarean section, and without delivery injury were found as the prognostic factors to PFM strength (both type I and type II muscle fibers) (P < 0.05), and higher educational level was also in favor of type II muscle fibers (P < 0.05). Patient‐reported UI symptoms were associated with weak PFM strength (P < 0.05); there were no significant differences between knowledge of PFMT or PDF and PFM strength. Finally, patients with a higher degree of participation were more likely to accept the treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions. The mobile app provides a new applicative way to investigate postpartum PFD. The factors influencing women’s participation can help us focus on strategies to increase the patients’ compliance, and then we will apply the app into more areas to improve the prevention and treatment of postpartum PFD.
The Association between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Chinese Population
Authors: Deng Jianqing , Liu Jie , Cao Long , Wang Qun , Zhang Hongpeng , Liu Xiaoping , Guo Wei
Published: July 2020

Objective. To shed light on the association between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). Methods. From July 2013 to March 2017, we conducted a matched case–control study involving individuals who presented to the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital and underwent thoracoabdominal magnetic resonance angiography or computed tomography angiography. A total of 73 patients with TAAAs were enrolled in the case group, and 219 sex‐matched subjects without TAAAs were included in the control group. We then examined the relationship between HHcy and TAAAs by logistic regression models and subgroup as well as interaction analyses. Results. Serum total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and the proportion of HHcy were significantly higher in the patients with TAAAs than in those without TAAAs (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the multivariate logistic regression models indicated that participants with HHcy had a 2.14‐fold higher risk of TAAAs than those with a normal serum tHcy level (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–4.56). Similarly, each 1 μmol/L increase in the serum tHcy concentration was associated with a 4% higher risk of TAAAs (adjusted OR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.07). Subgroup analyses indicated that HHcy tended to be associated with a greater risk of TAAAs in all stratified subgroups (adjusted ORs > 1). Furthermore, the interaction analyses revealed no interactive role in the association between HHcy and TAAAs. Conclusions. The present case–control study suggests that HHcy is an independent risk factor for TAAAs. Larger prospective cohort studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Effects of Land Use/Land Cover Changes on Selected Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Shenkolla Watershed, South Central Ethiopia
Authors: Bufebo Belayneh , Elias Eyasu
Published: July 2020

Land use change from natural ecosystems to managed agroecosystems is one of the main causes of soil fertility decline. Severe soil erosion caused by agricultural expansion and poor management worsened soil nutrient depletion in cultivated outfields (crop lands). This study was conducted to examine the effects of land use and land cover changes (LU/LC) on selected soil physicochemical properties in the Shenkolla watershed. A total of 40 top soil samples at 0–20 cm depth were collected from four land use/land cover types (forest land, grazing land, cultivated outfield, and cultivated homestead garden fields). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine differences in soil parameters among land use types. Treatment means comparison was determined using the least significant difference (LSD) at 0.05 level of significances. The result indicated that there were significant P<0.05 differences among the four LU/LC types for soil characteristics. For most parameters evaluated, the most favorable soil properties were observed in the forest land, followed by homestead garden fields, while the least favorable soil properties were found in intensively cultivated outfields. Increase in the extent of cultivated land at the expense of forest cover associated with poor management has promoted significant loss of soil quality in intensively cultivated outfields. Reducing the land cover conversion and adopting proper management practices of the soil commonly used in homestead garden fields are very crucial in order to improve soil fertility in intensively cultivated outfields.
Blasting‐Induced Vibration Response of the Transition Section in a Branching‐Out Tunnel and Vibration Control Measures
Authors: Cao Feng , Zhang Sheng , Ling Tonghua
Published: July 2020

Blasting‐induced vibration during the excavation of transition section in a branching‐out tunnel causes damage and hence affects the safety and stability of the supporting structure and surrounding rock. To examine the effects of excavation and blasting of the transition section in the posterior tunnel on the supporting structures of the anterior tunnel, the influences of the blasting‐induced vibration in the posterior tunnel on the anterior tunnel were analyzed under different surrounding rock levels, excavation techniques, distances from explosive source, and net spans. This method was performed by combining numerical simulation with blasting‐induced vibration monitoring according to the construction characteristics of the transition section in a branching‐out tunnel of a highway. A control technique was investigated to assure the safety and stability of the anterior tunnel during the excavation and blasting of the posterior tunnel. Results demonstrate that (1) the vibration velocity peak behind the blasting excavation surface of the tunnel is higher than that in front. These results suggest paying much attention in monitoring vibration velocity within 10 m behind the excavation surface. (2) The blasting‐induced vibration velocity peak on the spandrel at the side that faces the blasting in the anterior tunnel is 2.0–2.5 times than that at the side behind the blasting. Moreover, the blasting‐induced vibration velocity peak on the haunch at the side that faces the blasting in the anterior tunnel is 6‐7 times than that at the side behind the blasting. (3) Instead of the full‐face excavation method, the use of center cross diagram (CRD) technique or side wall pilot tunnel method is suggested for the excavation of surrounding rocks of IV‐level, V‐level, and III‐level with a net span smaller than 3 m. (4) Vibration control measures, such as double wedge‐shaped cut blasting and floor blast‐hole staged detonation, were adopted by designing and optimizing blasting parameters (e.g., total explosives, maximal segment explosive quantity, detonation order, and detonation interval) in posterior tunnel. According to the test, the blasting‐induced vibration velocity peak, which is monitored in the anterior tunnel, can be controlled within 10 cm/s to assure the safety and stability of the supporting structure and surrounding rocks of the tunnel.
Onlay Repair Technique for the Management of Ureteral Strictures: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Xiong Shengwei , Wang Jie , Zhu Weijie , Yang Kunlin , Ding Guangpu , Li Xuesong , Eun Daniel D.
Published: July 2020

Ureteroplasty using onlay grafts or flaps emerged as an innovative procedure for the management of proximal and midureteral strictures. Autologous grafts or flaps used commonly in ureteroplasty include the oral mucosae, bladder mucosae, ileal mucosae, and appendiceal mucosae. Oral mucosa grafts, especially buccal mucosa grafts (BMGs), have gained wide acceptance as a graft choice for ureteroplasty. The reported length of BMG ureteroplasty ranged from 1.5 to 11 cm with success rates of 71.4%‐100%. However, several studies have demonstrated that ureteroplasty using lingual mucosa grafts yields better recipient site outcomes and fewer donor site complications than that using BMGs. In addition, there is no essential difference in the efficacy and complication rates of BMG ureteroplasty using an anterior approach or a posterior approach. Intestinal graft or flap ureteroplasty was also reported. And the reported length of ileal or appendiceal flap ureteroplasty ranged from 1 to 8 cm with success rates of 75%‐100%. Moreover, the bladder mucosa, renal pelvis wall, and penile/preputial skin have also been reported to be used for ureteroplasty and have achieved satisfactory outcomes, but each graft or flap has unique advantages and potential problems. Tissue engineering‐based ureteroplasty through the implantation of patched scaffolds, such as the small intestine submucosa, with or without cell seeding, has induced successful ureteral regeneration structurally close to that of the native ureter and has resulted in good functional outcomes in animal models.
Abnormal Expression of BTLA and CTLA-4 Immune Checkpoint Molecules in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients
Authors: Karabon L. , Partyka A. , Ciszak L. , Pawlak-Adamska E. , Tomkiewicz A. , Bojarska-Junak A. , Roliński J. , Wołowiec D. , Wrobel T. , Frydecka I. , Kosmaczewska A.
Published: July 2020

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the peripheral accumulation of neoplastic B cells and is frequently complicated by the systemic immunosuppression associated with an impairment in B and T lymphocyte activation. We hypothesized that the expression of immune checkpoint suppressors B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4) is disturbed in both lymphocyte subpopulations in CLL. The expression of CTLA-4 and BTLA mRNA was determined by real-time PCR, while CTLA-4 protein expression (surface or intracellular) was estimated in BTLA+ lymphocytes by flow cytometry. In CLL patients, we observed a higher gene transcript level of BTLA and CTLA-4 than in healthy individuals in both freshly isolated and PMA stimulated B and T cells. Remarkably, lower amounts of both inhibitory proteins were found in peripheral blood (PB) CLL B cells, whereas normal BTLA and elevated CTLA-4 were found in T cells. Consistently, there was a prevalence of CTLA-4+ cells within circulating BTLA+ T cells cells of patients confronting PB healthy cells. Afterin vitrostimulation, the only change found in CLL patients was a decrease in BTLA expression in B and T lymphocytes. In contrast, healthy lymphocytes responded more vigorously as regards the BTLA and CTLA expression with substantially higher frequency of CD69+ cells under the stimulating condition compared to corresponding cells from the CLL group. Our results indicate that CLL development is associated with the affected expression of BTLA and CTLA-4 checkpoint receptors in PB and its impaired expression might be associated with lowering of the threshold for B cell activation and proliferation, while upregulated CTLA-4 expression in CLL peripheral BTLA+ T cells may contribute to suppressed T cell effector functions. This hypothesis needs to be validated in future studies, which would allow us to explain how the increased or decreased expression of these molecules affects the cell function.
Theoretical Study on Radial Distribution Laws of Rock Mass Damage Factors under Decoupled Charge Blasting
Authors: Pan Qiang , Zhang Jichun , Zheng Shuangying , Shi Hongchao , Fan Zhanfeng
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the radial distribution laws of damage factors under decoupled charge blasting are studied for the optimization design of blasting parameters. Through defining the critical radial decoupling coefficient, the damage zone around the borehole is partitioned and the characteristics are described. Based on the damage factor defined by Taylor’s effective elastic modulus, the formulas of the radial distribution laws of damage factors are derived by the attenuation law of stress wave and the theory of thick-walled cylinder, respectively, which are then superposed to obtain the formula under the combined action of explosion stress wave and quasistatic gas. Experimental verification indicates that the theoretical values, which have a good correlation with the test data and are of high accuracy, can characterize the radial distribution laws of damage factors and estimate the damage range. When a radial decoupling coefficient is less than the critical value, the attenuation rate of damage factors firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of distance, and a serious damage zone is caused. Conversely, it decreases gradually, and the serious damage zone is not caused. Therefore, on the premise of stable detonation, it is necessary to apply an appropriate radial decoupling coefficient which is larger than the critical value to smooth or presplit blasting.
Ganoderic Acid D Protects Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence through the PERK/NRF2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xu Yan , Yuan Huan , Luo Yi , Zhao Yu-Jie , Xiao Jian-Hui
Published: July 2020

Aging is an important risk factor in the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Senescence and exhaustion of adult stem cells are considered as a hallmark of aging in organisms. In this study, a senescent human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSC) model subjected to oxidative stress was established in vitro using hydrogen peroxide. We investigated the effects of ganoderic acid D (GA-D), a natural triterpenoid compound produced from Ganoderma lucidum, on hAMSC senescence. GA-D significantly inhibited β-galactosidase (a senescence-associated marker) formation, in a dose-dependent manner, with doses ranging from 0.1 μM to 10 μM, without inducing cytotoxic side-effects. Furthermore, GA-D markedly inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of p21 and p16 proteins, relieved the cell cycle arrest, and enhanced telomerase activity in senescent hAMSCs. Furthermore, GA-D upregulated the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase R- (PKR-) like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), peroxidase III (PRDX3), and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) and promoted intranuclear transfer of NRF2 in senescent cells. The PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 and/or the NRF2 inhibitor ML385 suppressed the PERK/NRF2 signaling, which was activated by GA-D. They induced a rebound for the generation of ROS and β-galactosidase-positive cells and attenuated the differentiation capacity. These findings suggest that GA-D retards hAMSC senescence through activation of the PERK/NRF2 signaling pathway and may be a promising candidate for the discovery of antiaging agents.
Evaluation of Gas Explosion Injury Based on Analysis of Rat Serum Profile by Ultra‐Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry‐Based Metabonomics Techniques
Authors: Dong Xinwen , Wu Weidong , Yao Sanqiao , Cao Jia , He Ling , Ren Houcheng , Ren Wenjie
Published: July 2020

Gas explosion can lead to serious global public health issues. Early period gas explosion injury (GEI) can induce a series of histopathologic and specific metabolic changes. Unfortunately, it is difficult to treat GEI thoroughly. To date, the specific molecular mechanism of GEI is still unclear. To accurately diagnose and provide comprehensive clinical intervention, we performed a global analysis of metabolic alterations involved in GEI. The physiological and behavioral indicators’ changes of rats after gas explosion were observed. These metabolic alterations were first investigated in a rat model using serum metabonomics techniques and multivariate statistical analysis. Significant heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (mBP), and neurobehavioral index changes were observed in the GEI group after gas explosion. UPLC‐MS revealed evident separated clustering between the control and GEI groups using supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). We designed an integrated metabonomics study for identifying reliable biomarkers of GEI using a time‐course analysis of discriminating metabolites in this experiment. The metabonomics analysis showed alterations in a number of biomarkers (21 from serum). The meaningful biomarkers of GEI provide new insights into the pathophysiological changes and molecular mechanisms of GEI, including the disturbances in oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory reaction, as well as in metabolism of lipids, glucose, and amino acids in rats, suggesting that the process of GEI in humans is likely to be comprehensive and dynamic. Correlations between the GEI group and the biomarkers identified from the rat model will be further explored to elucidate the metabolic pathways responsible for GEI in the human body.
MCR-1 Gene Encoded Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Raw Chicken Meat and Bean Sprouts in Malaysia
Authors: Aklilu Erkihun , Raman Kausalya
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted to detect the presence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in raw chicken meat and bean sprouts collected from local markets and to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the E. coli isolates. A total of 100 samples, comprised of 50 raw chicken meat and 50 bean sprouts, were collected and processed. Kirby-Bauer method was used to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns, and PCR amplification was used to detect E. coli species-specific and colistin resistance (mcr-1 and mcr-2) genes. The results showed that 52.1% (12/23) of the E. coli isolated from raw chicken meat were positive for the colistin resistance encoding gene, mcr-1, whereas all the E. coli isolates from bean sprouts were negative for colistin resistance encoding genes. The findings show that chicken meat contaminated with colistin-resistant E. coli may pose public health risk to the consumers. Hence, prudent usage of antibiotics and hygienic handling of food items helps to prevent and combat the risks of spreading of colistin-resistant E. coli and the public health risks it may pose. More comprehensive and large-scale studies focusing on all the possible sources of colistin-resistant E. coli are recommended.