bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Síndrome urémico hemolítico atípico asociado a mutación del gen diacilglicerol kinasa epsilon. Reporte de 2 casos en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño
Authors: Linares G. Raquel , Sakihara A. Graciela , López C. Victoria , Pimentel K. Guisela , Encinas A. Mario , Ancieta Z. Adriana , Ynguil M. Angélica , Miranda B. Abel , Chávez P. Miguel
Published: October 2023

Introducción: El síndrome urémico hemolítico atípico (SUHa) asociado a mutación del gen diacilglicerol quinasa épsilon (DGKE) es una entidad clínica de trasmisión autosómica recesiva, nueva, con escasos reportes a nivel mundial y una incidencia del 27% de los SUHa expresados en el primer año de vida y 50% de los casos familiares. Todos los pacientes van a ERC-5 en la segunda década de la vida. No existe evidencia de recurrencia de la enfermedad en injertos renales de pacientes trasplantados con esta mutación.Objetivos: Reportar 2 casos (hermanos) en edad pediátrica con SUHa asociado a mutación del gen DGKE.Reporte de casos: Se revisa historia clínica de pacientes con diagnóstico de SUHa asociado a mutación DGKE y se describe su evolución clínica en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño. (Breña)Paciente varón de 4años 3meses de edad, procedente de Huancayo, segundo hijo de pareja joven no consanguínea, con SUH recurrente desde los 8 meses, con hematuria, proteinuria nefrótica e hipertensión arterial durante periodos asintomáticos. Hermana de 13 años con síndrome nefrótico, debut a los 5 años y ERC-4, hematuria, HTA y proteinuria nefrótica a la actualidad. Con estudio genético familiar que confirma la mutación de los dos alelos del gen DGKE en el paciente y su hermana y solo compromiso de uno de los alelos en los padres.Conclusiones: Se reporta una nueva variante de mutación en gen DGKE según resultado de estudios genéticos, siendo a su vez los primeros casos que se reportan en nuestro país.
Taquipnea persistente, como forma de presentacion de hiperplasia de células neuroendocrinas pulmonares
Authors: Salas Erick , Bernaola Guillermo , Arbulú Julio , Castilla Gladys
Published: October 2023

Las enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales, abarcan un conjunto amplio de entidades, con características clínicas relativamente similares, en este contexto, la hiperplasia de células neuroendocrinas pulmonares se presenta con taquipnea, tirajes, crépitos o subcrépitos, sibilancias y a veces hipoxemia, requiriendo en algunos casos ser hospitalizados. La tomografía pulmonar evidencia imágenes en vidrio esmerilado, del lóbulo medio y língula.

Se presenta el caso de un Paciente varón de 1 año y 7 meses de edad, que presenta taquipnea desde el nacimiento, múltiples atenciones y hospitalizaciones por sibilancias recurrentes.El cuadro clínico y las imágenes son altamente sugerentes del diagnóstico planteado, los episodios de sibilancias pueden ser parte del cuadro clínico de esta entidad; sin embargo, podrían estar en relación a sibilancias inducidas por virus.
Evolución de la morbilidad y mortalidad en el Hospital del niño de Lima, Perú, 1930 – 1960
Authors: Shimabuku Azato Roberto , Nakachi Morimoto Graciela , Delgado Bocanegra Carlos , Sánchez Ramos Víctor
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: Describir las tasas de morbilidad y de mortalidad de niños hospitalizados en el Hospital del Niño, hoy Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN), desde 1930 hasta 1960 y sus tendencias.

Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo comparativo con enfoque histórico epidemiológico Se utilizaron como fuente de datos los archivos de la Oficina de Estadística del INSN.

Resultados: Desde 1931 hasta 1939 el total de fallecidos fue 5,391 de un total de 18,561 hospitalizados y una mortalidad de 29.04 %. Desde 1940 hasta 1949 hubo 44,959 hospitalizados con una tasa de mortalidad de18.26 %. Desde 1950 hasta 1959 hubo 63,059 niños hospitalizados y con una tasa de mortalidad de 17.96 %. Mas del 60 % de las enfermedades pertenecieron al Grupo I (enfermedades transmisibles, maternas, perinatales, desnutrición) frente al Grupo II (enfermedades no transmisibles) y Grupo III (accidentes y lesiones) en 1940, 1950 y 1960. Se realizó un test no paramétrico de tendencia y se verificó que la tendencia observada en los valores agrupados es significativa (p = 0.007).

Conclusión: En los años 1940, 1950 y 1960 la morbilidad observada tenía tendencia a disminuir en el Grupo I y a aumentar en el Grupo II.
Apendicitis neonatal: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Balletta-Vera Marco , Quispe-Dolorier Jhennifer
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en el manejo oportuno de un paciente neonato con apendicitis aguda en el Hospital Regional de Ayacucho.

Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, con evaluación de historia clínica del paciente neonato.

Resultados: Paciente recién nacidos prematuro, con distensión abdominal y signos radiológicos de obstrucción. Se le realiza una laparotomía y una apendicectomía. No se encontró asociación con otra enfermedad.

Conclusiones: La apendicitis aguda neonatal es un cuadro raro, con un diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno puede tener buen pronóstico.
Deficiencia de hierro en gestación y anemia ferropénica infantil en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso infantil
Authors: Massa-Silva Enrique , Tori-Fernández Jorge
Published: October 2023

La anemia ferropénica infantil es reconocida como un problema de salud a nivel mundial. La información científica actual indica que el problema se inicia en la madre gestante y se materializa en el lactante. Lo importante de la anemia ferropénica, es el daño que se produce en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central del feto y del lactante. Los programas de diagnóstico y tratamiento de la anemia se deberían enfocar adicionalmente a lo ya establecido, a la mujer en edad pre gestacional, a los primeros meses de la gestación y a los niveles de hemoglobina y hierro en el recién nacido. Los últimos trabajos científicos demuestran que una intervención en el tercer trimestre del embarazo o en el lactante a partir del cuarto mes de edad, no podrían corregir un daño neurológico previo.
Embarazo ectópico en adolescente a propósito de un caso
Authors: Urbina Alvarez Claudia Aracelli , Figueroa Alvarado Luis Joel , Paz Carrillo Edith Maritza , Mariluz Cuadros Melissa Carolina
Published: October 2023

Un embarazo ectópico (EE) se presenta en el 1 a 2% de todos los embarazos y es la causa más común de muerte en mujeres embarazadas en el primer trimestre. El EE ocurre cuando la implantación y el desarrollo del embrión se dan por fuera de la cavidad uterina con riesgo de mortalidad, es un tipo infrecuente de embarazo en las adolescentes. Su diagnóstico preoperatorio sigue siendo un desafío, ya que se presenta de manera bastante similar a los quistes ováricos complicados. Presentamos el caso de una nulípara de 14 años que acude a la emergencia por dolor abdominal y sangrado transvaginal, se le diagnostica correctamente mediante ecografía y se confirmó positivamente durante la laparotomía y la histología de embarazo ectópico tubárico.
Reporte de caso: Tromboembolismo Pulmonar en niños un diagnóstico subestimado
Authors: Torrealva Maria , Lizana Magaly , Quispe Jennifer , Rondinelli Juan
Published: October 2023

El presente caso se trata de una enfermedad no reportada y diagnosticada en pacientes pediátricos en la región de Ayacucho(1), en la paciente destaca no tener antecedentes patológicos sospechosos de importancia y clínica para la presentación de la enfermedad. En cuanto al caso las manifestaciones clínicas de inicio fueron aumento de volumen de rodilla y muslo izquierdo, dolor y limitación funcional de la articulación, posteriormente se añadieron síntomas de insuficiencia respiratoria; se realizaron las siguientes pruebas de imagen y laboratorio: ecografía de partes blandas de región musloinguinal izquierda, radiografía de torax, exámenes hematológicos, perfil de coagulación, bioquímicos para realizar el diagnostico de trombosis venosa profunda y embolismo pulmonar cuya etiología es desconocida, considerando patologías como Lupus eritematoso sistémico, Sindrome antifosfolipídico, alteración de la coagulación, procesos malignos; como intervención principal se utilizó heparinas de bajo peso molecular y corticoides; Al establecer el diagnóstico paciente presento evolución tórpida y riesgo alto de morbimortalidad que finalizo en el fallecimiento de la paciente.
Uso y tolerancia de Eucerin Atopicontrol en el tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica en niños, durante los meses de Julio – Octubre 2021
Authors: Ballona Rosalía , Torres Rosario , Velásquez Felipe , Peceros Johanna , Pomar Reinaldo , Apagueño Consuelo
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: Comprobar la tolerancia y seguridad del uso de Eucerin AtopiControl, en población infantil con diagnóstico de Dermatitis Atópica: Eucerin AtopiControl Crema (fase aguda), AtopiControl Bálsamo (fase de mantenimiento)

Material y métodos: Se realizó este estudio abierto, prospectivo, sin grupo control, descriptivo en los consultorios privados de Dermatólogos Pediátricos, durante los meses de Julio a Octubre 2021. Se incluyeron 41 pacientes con diagnóstico de Dermatitis Atópica: Moderada 60% y Severa 31%. El 53.6% de los pacientes fueron mujeres y 46.3% varones y el 56.3% de ellos fueron menores de 2 años. Se evaluaron en 4 visitas, cada 15 dias, y los pacientes recibieron Eucerin AtopiControl Crema, dos veces al día, en la primera visita, y AtopiControl Bálsamo en las 3 visitas siguientes, se evidenció una respuesta muy buena, con mejoría en el Scorad y el IGA. Control del prurito desde la primera semana asi como una mejoria en el sueño.

Conclusiones: Se evidencia que Eucerin AtopiControl tanto en crema como en bálsamo corporal, brinda eficacia clínica y seguridad, es bien tolerado en pacientes pediátricos y es una alternativa eficaz en el control de la Dermatitis Atópica.
Osteogénesis Imperfecta. A propósito de un caso Tipo VIII
Authors: Vallejo Chávez Saúl Hernando , Portilla Fanny
Published: October 2023

La osteogénesis imperfecta clásica (OI), o “enfermedad de los huesos frágiles”, es un trastorno del tejido conectivo caracterizado por la susceptibilidad a fracturas óseas, escleróticas azules y deficiencia del crecimiento. La mayoría (85%) de los individuos con OI tienen mutaciones autosómicas dominantes en COL1A1 o COL1A2 que alteran la estructura o síntesis del colágeno tipo I. Las mutaciones de colágeno causan una variedad de fenotipos de OI, desde letalidad leve hasta letalidad perinatal, descritos por la Clasificación de Sillence. La OI autosómica dominante tiene una incidencia de 1/15 a 20 000 nacimientos, con> 90% de los casos como resultado de mutaciones de novo. Los “puntos calientes” de mutación en COL1A1 y COL1A2 están asociados con recurrencias independientes de mutaciones, en lugar de mutaciones fundadoras.

Cabral y col. describieron una forma de OI autosómica recesiva, a la que denominaron OI tipo VIII, caracterizada por escleróticas blancas, deficiencia severa del crecimiento, mineralización esquelética extrema y metáfisis bulbosas.

Cabral y col. sugirieron que los defectos en LEPRE1 que resultan en una displasia ósea recesiva de letal a severa que se caracteriza por escleróticas blancas, deficiencia severa del crecimiento, sub-mineralización esquelética extrema y metáfisis bulbosas deben clasificarse como osteogénesis imperfecta tipo VIII.
Cierre percutáneo de un ductus arterioso grande con dispositivo occlutech en sala de hemodinamia: a propósito del cateterismo cardíaco Nº 3,000
Authors: Taipe Carbajal Fernando , Mariño Vigo Carlos , Salinas Mondragon César , Alegre Manrique Silvia , Campoverde Febres Yuliana
Published: October 2023

El conducto arterioso persistente representa cerca del 10% de cardiopatías congénitas (1). El tratamiento en la actualidad de preferencia es el cierre percutáneo, siendo el tratamiento de elección en la mayoría de pacientes pediátricos ( 2,3).

El cierre percutáneo evita la progresión de la insuficiencia cardíaca, aparición de hipertensión pulmonar y el riesgo de endarteritis bacteriana. Desde la primera intervención por Porstmann, en 1967, muchos intervencionistas han descrito varias técnicas y desarrollado diferentes dispositivos para el cierre percutáneo del ductus arterioso persistente (DAP) (4).

A propósito presentamos el caso de un cierre de DAP grande que constituye el cateterismo cardíaco No.3,000 , desde que se iniciaron los procedimientos en 1983 a cargo del Dr. Cesar Salinas, en el primer centro cardiopediátrico del país.
IN MEMORIAM. Manuel Ytahashi Córdova, un ser humano excepcional, genuino e inigualable
Authors: Del Aguila Villar Carlos
Published: October 2023

IN MEMORIAM. Manuel Ytahashi Córdova, un ser humano excepcional, genuino e inigualable.
University-wide Assessment During Covid-19: An Opportunity for Innovation
Authors: Pastor Dena , Love Paula
Published: October 2023

For more than 30 years, James Madison University (JMU) has used Assessment Days to collect longitudinal data on student learning outcomes. Our model ensures that all incoming students are tested twice: once in August before beginning classes and again in February after accumulating 45–70 credit hours (Pastor, Foelber, Jacovidis, Fulcher & Love, 2019). Although a student completes only four instruments each Assessment Day, 25 different assessments are administered, thereby allowing for the examination of student growth on a variety of different outcomes. Various changes have been made to Assessment Day throughout the years, but none as dramatic as those we are making to the August 2020 Assessment Day in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Master Narratives in US Contemporary War Discourse: Situating and Constructing Identities of Self and Other
Authors: Vasta Nicoletta
Published: October 2023

The present paper aims to discuss the discursive strategies of otherization, legitimation, and normalization typically found in extracts from the author’s video corpus of US Presidents’ selected official statements at the height of actual or potential armed conflicts between the First Gulf War (1990-1991) and the end of the Obama Administration (2016). The underlying working assumption is that, to consolidate asymmetrical power relationships and monitor dissent and/or win domestic consent about the use of force, the US Administration systematically resorts to a relatively restricted inventory of political myths and cultural constructs sustained by strategic storytelling and powerful master narratives, or Intertextual Thematic Formations. The qualitative analysis, informed by a systemic functional, critical discourse approach, is undertaken at both the macro- and micro-levels, with a view to highlighting how master narratives project distinct/conflicting standpoints and socio-institutional roles and identities (e.g. the-President-as-Father-of-the-Nation; the-Community-as-Protector-of-its-Members'-Interests; the-West-as-Civilizer), while feeding the myth of a ‘super-empowered’ President and ultimately sustaining the ideological square. The final contention is that awareness-raising pedagogical models are needed which work upwards from the bottom of the hierarchical narrative structure, contextualizing the master narrative and linking it to the audience’s individual narratives, so that discourse can fulfil its critical function of dismantling potentially manipulative and/or normalizing discourse practices and foster civil society-led, personal counter-narratives that remove stereotyping and oversimplification.
Demokrati og rationalitet i skolen
Authors: Laumann Jørgensen Simon
Published: October 2023

Involverer 2014 skolereformen glidninger væk fra demokratiske mål, der udtrykkes i folkeskolens formålsparagraf, selvom noget sådan afvises? Den fortsatte diskussion heraf bør ikke foregå uden en kritisk undersøgelse af de forståelser af rationel styring og målsætning i folkeskolen, der udtrykkes i det sty- ringsparadigme, som reformen styrker. Med det formål opstiller artiklen tre idealtypiske styringsparadigmer med hvert sit bud på sty- ringen af folkeskolen. Det dominerende paradigme opfatter omfattende reformer af folkeskolen som svar på den problemforståelse, at danske børn ikke ‘lærer det, de skal’. Det, de skal lære, afhænger af, hvad børn i lande, vi konkurrer med, lærer. Man tror på målstyring, på kvantificering, aggregering og statistisk sammenligning af målopfyldelse, evidens, og hierarkisk principal-agent styring. Det adskiller sig fra det næste paradigme i forhold til, om målstyringens nuancer, dysfunktioner, kompleksitet og paradokser anerkendes. Her vedstår man, at lærernes motivation kan afhænge af, om deres faglighed og døm- mekraft anerkendes i styringsdialogen. Det tredje paradigme går længere i afvisning af topstyring. Samfundets institutioner og ikke mindst skolen bør stadig forstås som løsning på almene problemer, men dette bottom-up paradigme vil give børn og lærere hovedansvaret for målstyringen. Omdrejningspunktet er her barn-lærer relationen, hvis målsætninger bør kunne justeres ‘eksperimentelt’ i lyset af aktørernes egne erfaringer og dømmekraft. Ved at sætte kontraster op til det dominerende paradigme, forsøger artiklen at udvide de typer af rationaler, en diskussion af det dominerende styringsparadigme og skolens mål kan tage afsæt i.
Nodular scalp mass as the first presentation of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Lee Hong Won , Hwang Young Joong , Jung Sung Gyun , Hong In Pyo
Published: October 2023

Metastasis of lung cancer to the skin is uncommon, presenting in 0.22% to 12% of lung cancer patients, and it is extremely rare for skin metastasis to be the first clinical manifestation of lung cancer. In the few cases where skin metastasis has been reported as the first sign of lung cancer, the patients were typically heavy smokers or had preexisting respiratory diseases and symptoms. This prompted clinicians to consider skin metastasis of a pulmonary malignancy. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare type of lung cancer that accounts for approximately 3% of lung cancers. LCNEC mainly metastasizes to visceral organs, such as the liver, bone, and brain, and it only shows metastasis to the skin in very rare cases. Herein, we report an unusual case of a metastatic skin lesion as the first sign of primary pulmonary LCNEC, in a 63-year-old woman with no pulmonary symptoms or personal history of smoking or pulmonary disease.
Sustainable multilingualism 2023 : the 7th international conference : book of abstracts
Authors: Mačianskienė Nemira , Žiūraitė Vigilija
Published: October 2023

Darniosios daugiakalbystės 2023 konferencijos santraukų leidinys „Sustainable Multilingualism 2023: Book of Abstracts“ kviečia susipažinti su 2023 m. birželio mėn. 9–10 d. įvykusios tarptautinės konferencijos dalyvių – mokslininkų iš virš 20 pasaulio šalių – skaitytų pranešimų santraukomis. Konferenciją organizavo Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto Užsienio kalbų institutas.
Energy conservation by collective movement in schooling fish
Authors: Zhang Yangfan , Lauder George V
Published: October 2023

Many animals moving through fluids exhibit highly coordinated group movement that is thought to reduce the cost of locomotion. However, direct energetic measurements demonstrating the energy-saving benefits of fluid-mediated collective movements remain elusive. By characterizing both aerobic and anaerobic metabolic energy contributions in schools of giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus), we discovered that fish schools have a concave upward shaped metabolism–speed curve, with a minimum metabolic cost at ~1 body length s-1. We demonstrate that fish schools reduce total energy expenditure (TEE) per tail beat by up to 56% compared to solitary fish. When reaching their maximum sustained swimming speed, fish swimming in schools had a 44% higher maximum aerobic performance and used 65% less non-aerobic energy compared to solitary individuals, which lowered the TEE and total cost of transport by up to 53%, near the lowest recorded for any aquatic organism. Fish in schools also recovered from exercise 43% faster than solitary fish. The non-aerobic energetic savings that occur when fish in schools actively swim at high speed can considerably improve both peak and repeated performance which is likely to be beneficial for evading predators. These energetic savings may underlie the prevalence of coordinated group locomotion in fishes.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of GA20ox and GA3ox genes during pod development in peanut
Authors: Sun Jie , Zhang Xiaoqian , Fu Chun , Ahmad Naveed , Zhao Chuanzhi , Hou Lei , Naeem Muhammad , Pan Jiaowen , Wang Xingjun , Zhao Shuzhen
Published: October 2023

Background

Gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in regulating peanut growth and development. GA20ox and GA3ox are key enzymes involved in GA biosynthesis. These enzymes encoded by a multigene family belong to the 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase superfamily. To date, no genome-wide comparative analysis of peanut AhGA20ox and AhGA3ox-encoding genes has been performed, and the roles of these genes in peanut pod development are not clear.

Methods

A whole-genome analysis of AhGA20ox and AhGA3ox gene families in peanut was carried out using bioinformatic tools. The expression of these genes at different stage of pod development was analyzed using qRT-PCR.

Results

In this study, a total of 15 AhGA20ox and five AhGA3ox genes were identified in peanut genome, which were distributed on 14 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis divided the GA20oxs and GA3oxs into three groups, but AhGA20oxs and AhGA3oxs in two groups. The conserved pattern of gene structure, cis-elements, and protein motifs further confirmed their evolutionary relationship in peanut. AhGA20ox and AhGA3ox genes were differential expressed at different stages of pod development. The strong expression of AhGA20ox1/AhGA20ox4, AhGA20ox12/AhGA20ox15, AhGA3ox1 and AhGA3ox4/AhGA3ox5 in S1-stage indicated that these genes could have a key role in controlling peg elongation. Furthermore, AhGA20ox and AhGA3ox also showed diverse expression patterns in different peanut tissues including leaves, main stems, flowers and inflorescences. Noticeably, AhGA20ox9/AhGA20ox11 and AhGA3o4/AhGA3ox5 were highly expressed in the main stem, whereas the AhGA3ox1 and AhGA20ox10 were strongly expressed in the inflorescence. The expression levels of AhGA20ox2/AhGA20ox3, AhGA20ox5/AhGA20ox6, AhGA20ox7/AhGA20ox8, AhGA20ox13/AhGA20ox14 and AhGA3ox2/AhGA3ox3 were high in the flowers, suggesting their involvement in flower development. These results provide a basis for deciphering the roles of AhGA20ox and AhGA3ox in peanut growth and development, especially in pod development.
Modeling global surface dust deposition using physics-informed neural networks
Authors:   , Molina Catricheo Constanza Andrea
Published: October 2023

Las redes neuronales informadas por física (PINNs, por sus siglas en inglés) se han vuelto cada vez mas populares, especialmente para resolver ecuaciones diferenciales parciales (EDPs). Las PINNs pueden incorporar información física sobre el proceso en la arquitectura de la red neuronal, reduciendo el espacio de solución y convirtiéndolas en una alternativa cuando hay datos limitados, dispersos e irregulares disponibles. El objetivo de esta tesis es construir y evaluar el rendimiento de una red neuronal informada por física para medir los flujos de polvo durante los periodos del Último Máximo Glacial y Holoceno. Esta metodología combina el análisis de datos con principios físicos para mejorar la precisión de la predicción. Los resultados muestran que las PINNs son una alternativa prometedora a los métodos estadísticos como Kriging cuando hay información limitada disponible. En este estudio se incorporó la modelización física de la deposición de polvo y las PINNs predijeron con precisión los flujos realistas de polvo a lo largo de las direcciones de viento dominantes. Los resultados de este estudio son prometedores, mostrando que las PINNs pueden ser utilizadas como una alternativa efectiva cuando hay datos limitados e irregulares disponibles.
Effect of Cost Efficiency Restructuring Strategy on Financial Performance of Coffee Cooperative Societies in Meru County
Authors: Nkirote Kirima Christine , Kibe Lucy
Published: October 2023

This study sought to assess the effect of cost efficiency restructuring strategy on organizational performance of coffee cooperative societies in Meru County. The study was guided by the resource based theory. The research targeted top management team in the 42 coffee cooperative societies in Meru County, the study adopted a descriptive research design with a sample size of 121 participants who were the managers of the cooperatives, the study utilized census to get information from the respondents. The data gathering tools were structured questionnaire including both open-ended and closed-ended questions, as well as a quantitative part using a 5-point Likert scale. Quantitative methods which included measures of central tendency and dispersion such as Mean and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics were used for data analysis and interpretation. The data collected was presented through; Textual method a narrative description of data gathered and Tabular Method a systematic arrangement of information into columns and rows. Finally, SPSS Version 27 was used to process and analyze the collected data, and its results informed the report's discussion, conclusions, and recommendations. The study established that cost efficiency restructuring had a positive significant relationship with the financial performance of coffee cooperative societies in Meru County. The study concluded that elimination of non-profitable products/services and reduction of inventory, improvement of business strategy through innovation management enhances financial performance. The study recommended that the organization should consider purchase of new equipment to cater for most profitable market niche. The current study suggests that further studies should be done that focus on different turnaround strategies on organizational performance
A Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Analysis of the Drivers of Urban Expansion on Peri-Urban Lands in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Afolayan John Olayemi , Adebayo Michael Adedayo , Ige Victor Olutope , Afolayan Abel Omoniyi
Published: October 2023

Aim: To examine the drivers of urban expansion on peri-urban areas in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey research.

Place and Duration of Study: Eyenkorin, Kwara State 2022.

Methodology: From the literature review, fifteen (15) drivers of urban expansion at the peri-urban areas were highlighted. Afterwards a pilot survey was done on the 15 factors among experts in academia with relevant experiences in the built environment. The 15 factors were affirmed adequate for the study. A structured questionnaire survey on a 4-Point Likert Scale was administered to 332 household heads in the study area to colate opinions on how the highlighted factors influence urban expansion on the peripheral land. Weighted Mean Score, Factor Analysis and Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation were used to analyze the factors driving urban expansion in the study area. Weighted Mean Score was used to evaluate the individual factors driving urban expansion of peripheral lands in the study area. The Factor Analysis helped to identify the principal individual factors driving urban expansion at the study area and how they are related with to one another. Fuzzy Synthetic matrix was used to reveal the categories of factors driving urban expansion at the study area in order of their importance.

Results: From study, Occupation and living related factors with a criticality index of 3.12 are the most critical drivers of urban expansion towards the periphery in the study area. This is followed by Accessibility comfort and Land speculation factors with a criticality index of 2.96; and Religious and Institutional factors with a criticality index of 2.72. However, in the study area, Socio-Cultural related factors with a criticality index of 1.22 are not significant drivers of urban expansion towards the periphery in the study area.

Conclusion: The study revealed that there has been exponential spatial urban land use expansion in the peripheral area considered for the study. The study revealed that the factors driving urban expansion to the peripheral area centered around job/occupation related factors, housing and living factors, accessibility factors, religious and institutional factors. For the purpose of environmental preservation and a structured land use, attention should be given to the pace and pattern of urban expansion to achieve a sustainable land use. Hence, there is need to start giving attention to how urban expansion occurs and the land use activities that clusters around the landmarks driving the urban expansion at the peri-urban areas in order to ensure sustainable urban expansion especially in developing countries where this can be an oversight. This will help to optimize a balanced urban land use dynamics for the present and the future preservation of the environment.
Effect of Different Farming Types on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Parameters of Finger Millet under Finger Millet Based Intercropping Systems
Authors: Nabooji Abdulgani , Veeranna H. K. , Kumar M. Dinesh , Mavarkar Narayana S. , Ganapathi  , Nandish M. S.
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was conducted on performance of finger millet based inter cropping system under different farming types during kharif 2019-20 and 2020-21 at College of Agriculture, KSN UAHS Shivamogga. The Experiment was laid out with split-plot design having Three farming types as main plots (conventional, organic, and natural farming) and finger millet based inter cropping system as subplots (Finger millet + red gram, finger millet + field bean, Sole finger millet, sole red gram and sole field bean) in three replications. Among different farming types, conventional farming type recorded significantly higher yield parameters viz., number of productive tillers hill-1 (5.14), number of ear heads hill-1(3.83), number of fingers per ear head (6.31), number of grains ear head-1 (4002.50), and test weight (3.71 g) there by achieved significantly higher grain yield (2449.83 kg    ha-1) and straw yield (3957.42 kg ha-1) as compared to organic (2039.67 kg ha-1 and 3297.30 kg ha-1) and natural farming (1470.83 kg ha-1and 2328.35 kg ha-1) respectively. Among the finger millet based inter cropping system, the higher grain and straw yield (2225.67 kg ha-1 and 3561.13 kg ha-1) respectively was recorded in sole finger millet as compare to finger millet + redgram (1991.67 kg ha-1 and 3243.17 kg ha-1) respectively and finger millet + field bean (1743.00 kg ha-1 and 2778.77 kg ha-1) respectively. Whereas, the interaction effect between farming types and finger millet based intercropping systems was found non-significant.
Screening of Pearl Millet Lines against Downy Mildew Incited by Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) J. Schrot in Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Sharma Anil Kumar , Sasode Rajni Singh , Kharte Sanjay , Pandya Ravi Kant
Published: October 2023

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is the oldest cultivated crop prone to attack by many pathogens viz., Sclerospora graminicola, Moesziomyces penicillariae and Puccinia substriata. The present investigation is on the management of the downy mildew pathogen by exploiting the resistance mechanism of the host. Out of 163 lines and two checks were tested against downy mildew disease. The germplasms were screened in the downy mildew sick plot. The finding exposes that 40 lines were never present of downy mildew and another 68 lines showed < 5% and > 10% downy mildew incidence was recorded in 23 lines and remaining 33 lines were recorded in the category of 5-10% incidence, while a maximum of 83.27 and 97.05% downy mildew incidence was noted in 7042-S at 30 and 60 days after sowing. When compared to all the test lines, the susceptible check 7042-S showed considerably greater incidence of downy mildew at 30 and 60 days. The present investigation suggests that the resistance in the Pearl millet germplasms can be exploited for the management of the pathogens and is an effective management practice with less use of inputs.
Transfer Matrix Modeling Optical Properties of Short-Period Aluminum Oxide-Copper Multi-Layered Nanocomposites
Authors: Eroltu Kaan , Mei Wayne
Published: October 2023

The goal of this study is to use the transfer matrix method to analyze the reflectance of light shined onto thin film layers. The thin film layers were generated by applying Sputtering Atomic Layer Augmented Deposition (SALAD) to create thin aluminum oxide and copper films. SALAD combines atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques, providing precise film thickness control. The study then utilizes the transfer matrix method to analyze the reflectance, aiming to gain insight into the interactions between light and the constituent materials. The researchers generated samples consisting of 300 layers of AlOx and Cu, which were then analyzed using spectroscopic ellipsometry. To calculate the reflectance, distinct functions were developed in MatLab to represent the equations for transmission matrices and propagation matrices. To evaluate the approach, four pairs of HfO2-SiO2 thin film layers were simulated, with their refractive indices derived from Sellmeier’s equations, which appeared to be very successful. Although the simulation successfully predicted reflectance for the HfO2-SiO2 layers, the calculations with the Transfer Matrix Method had deviations compared to the laboratory results obtained for the more complex AlOx-Cu samples. To better understand the deviations, polynomial functions were used to model these differences which yield a pattern. suggesting that factors like unaccounted plasmonics and layer imperfections may be at play. This study lays a foundation for research to refine models and explore quantum effects that influence these advanced materials.
State Legislator Social Media Posts About the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline
Authors: Purtle Jonathan , Soltero Michael , Crane Margaret E. , McSorley Anna-Michelle Marie , Knapp Molly , Drapeau Christopher W.
Published: October 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the volume and content of state legislator social media posts about the 988 National Suicide and Crisis Lifeline.
Parent-Perceived Benefits and Harms Associated With Internet Use by Adolescent Offspring
Authors: Kimball Harry Graff , Fernandez Francesca , Moskowitz Kathleen Anne , Kang Minji , Alexander Lindsay M. , Conway Kevin P. , Merikangas Kathleen Ries , Salum Giovanni Abrahão , Milham Michael Peter
Published: October 2023

Importance

Limited systematic information on familial factors and perception of the benefits and harms of internet use by youths is available. Much of the current research has been hampered by small nondiverse samples and limited information on key familial and offspring characteristics.

Objective

To characterize parental perceptions and concerns about internet use associated with adolescent development, well-being, safety, family connectedness, and potential for problematic internet use.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A 20-minute, English-language survey was developed with expert stakeholders using previously validated questionnaires and was conducted online between June 17 and July 5, 2022. Participants included 1005 parents of children and adolescents aged 9 to 15 years drawn from an online digital survey platform and calibrated for representation with post hoc weightings.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Parent survey responses about family characteristics and internet use were used to compute Internet Addiction Test scores for parents and their offspring, Alabama Parenting Questionnaire scores, and an aggregate family connectedness score.

Results

The survey cohort of 1005 parents included 568 women (56.5%) and 437 men (43.5%) with a mean age (SD) of 39.5 (6.4) years. In terms of race and ethnicity, the most common categories included Black or African American (95 [9.5%]), Latinx or Hispanic (100 [10.0%]), White (602 [59.9%]), and 2 or more races or ethnicities (122 [12.1%]). Respondents endorsed parental concerns that included exposure to harmful content (646 [64.3%]) and online bullying (533 [53.0%]). Two hundred twenty-five parents (22.4%) had specific concerns about internet addiction in their adolescent offspring, and twice as many parents reported specific concerns about internet addiction than substance addiction. However, parents also indicated that internet use improved family connectedness among immediate families (468 [46.6%]) and extended families (568 [56.5%]). Internet Addiction Test scores in adolescent offspring were correlated with parent scores (β = 0.62 [SE = 0.02]; P < .001) and Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-Inconsistent Discipline scores (β = 0.23 [SE = 0.11]; P = .04).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this survey study of parent perceptions of internet use among adolescent offspring, parents believed the internet brought families closer yet also expressed concerns. Problematic internet use among youths was correlated with negative parenting styles and parent internet use. This research adds to the literature by suggesting that families, their communities, and industry may have common ground to collaborate on reducing the negative effects of internet use.
Treatments During Pregnancy Targeting ERBB2 and Outcomes of Pregnant Individuals and Newborns
Authors: Gougis Paul , Grandal Beatriz , Jochum Floriane , Bihan Kevin , Coussy Florence , Barraud Solenn , Asselain Bernard , Dumas Elise , Sebbag Clara , Hotton Judicael , Spaggiari Emmanuel , Pierga Jean-Yves , Savarino Raphaëlle , Laas Enora , Spano Jean-Philippe , Reyal Fabien , Hamy Anne-Sophie
Published: October 2023

Importance

Targeted therapies directed against ERBB2 are the cornerstone of medical treatment for ERBB2-positive breast cancers but are contraindicated during pregnancy.

Objectives

To describe the association of exposure to anti-ERBB2 agents during pregnancy with pregnancy and fetal or newborn outcomes, and to compare the risk and types of adverse outcomes reported more frequently in this context than after exposure to other anticancer agents.

Design, Setting, and Participants

For this case-control study, All reports with a pregnancy-related condition and an antineoplastic agent (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification group L01) registered in the World Health Organization international pharmacovigilance database VigiBase up to June 26, 2022, were extracted. All reports with a pregnancy, an antineoplastic treatment during pregnancy, and a cancer were retained. Reports with anticancer agents prescribed for nononcologic purposes were not included.

Exposure

The exposure group was defined as reports that mention anti-ERBB2 agents compared with exposure to other anticancer agents.

Main Outcome and Measures

The main outcome was the reporting odds ratio (ROR) for maternofetal complications in the group exposed to anti-ERBB2 agents compared with other anticancer agents, as determined using a disproportionality analysis.

Results

A total of 3558 reports (anti-ERBB2 agents, 328; other anticancer agents, 3230) were included in the analysis. In the group exposed to anti-ERBB2 agents, most reports were from the US (159 [48.5%]), the mean (SD) age of participants was 30.8 (10.4) years, and 209 patients (97.7%) were treated for breast cancers. The molecules most frequently involved in cases with anti-ERBB2 agents were trastuzumab (n = 302), pertuzumab (n = 55), trastuzumab-emtansine (n = 20), and lapatinib (n = 18). The outcomes overreported in these cases included oligohydramnios (ROR, 17.68 [95% CI, 12.26-25.52]; P < .001), congenital respiratory tract disorders (ROR, 9.98 [95% CI, 2.88-34.67]; P < .001), and neonatal kidney failure (ROR, 9.15 [95% CI, 4.62-18.12]; P < .001). Sensitivity and multivariable analyses found similar results. Toxic effects were also significantly overreported for trastuzumab-emtansine (cardiovascular malformation: ROR, 4.46 [95% CI, 1.02-19.52]) and lapatinib (intrauterine growth restriction: ROR, 7.68 [95% CI, 3.01-19.59]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case-control study of 328 individuals exposed to anti-ERBB2 agents during pregnancy, exposure was associated with a severe specific adverse pregnancy and fetal or newborn outcomes compared with exposure to other anticancer treatments.
Critique of a measure of interrogative suggestibility for children: The Bonn test of statement suggestibility
Authors: Rowsell Kathryn , Colloff Melissa F.
Published: October 2023

Professionals supporting child witnesses are concerned with susceptibility to suggestion, that is, the impact of suggestive questioning on the information that children report. The Bonn test of statement suggestibility (BTSS; Endres, The Journal of Credibility Assessment and Witness Psychology, 1997, 1, 44–67; Endres et al., Psychologie der zeugenaussage, 1998) is a measure of interrogative suggestibility. It focuses on the interaction between the individual child and their environment, which may make a child vulnerable to suggestion. We aim to examine the psychometric properties of the BTSS tool by critiquing the scientific construction of the elements and the robustness of the measure. We conclude that the limited available research allows for a tentative conclusion of suitable levels of reliability and validity. However, we propose that the BTSS should not be administered in isolation to determine suggestibility but instead there should be a wider assessment completed with consideration of the broader aspects of the child's individual situation.
PiezoClimber: Versatile and Self‐Transitional Climbing Soft Robot with Bioinspired Highly Directional Footpads
Authors: Zheng Mingjie , Wang Dongkai , Zhu Dekuan , Cao Shuhong , Wang Xiaohao , Zhang Min
Published: October 2023

The ability to climb is crucial for terrestrial robots to expand their scope of application with improved navigation capacity. While some soft climbing devices are available, they often lack versatility when it comes to adapting to rough surfaces and changes in terrains. In this regard, a piezo‐based soft robot with bioinspired footpads has been developed that can deliver superior climbing performance. Through their unprecedented directional friction, these footpads enable the robot to complete rigorous climbing tasks on surfaces with a climbing angle of 0–180° and a variety of roughness from ultra‐smooth to millimeter‐scale. With a unique slide‐swing gait, the robot is able to complete fast climbing on a 90° substrate at a speed of 1.4 body lengths per second (BL/s) and self‐transitional climbing on surfaces with a roughness difference of 11 µm and an angle change of 60° in 5 s without active control. A scaled down version of this climber is also presented with increased mobility to traverse steps of 3 body heights and slits of 0.75 BH effectively. In summary, the development of this soft robot with highly directional footpads paves the way for soft robots to navigate varied surfaces and ascend challenging terrains with improved mobility.
Ru Cluster Incorporated NiMoO(P)4 Nanosheet Arrays as High‐Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Wind/Solar‐To‐Hydrogen Generation Systems
Authors: Wu Shengye , Chen Ding , Li Shang , Zeng Yuting , Wang Tao , Zhang Jian , Yu Jun , Mu Shichun , Tang Haolin
Published: October 2023

Developing cost‐efficient bifunctional water splitting catalysts is crucial for sustainable hydrogen energy applications. Herein, ruthenium (Ru)‐incorporated and phosphorus (P)‐doped nickel molybdate (Ru‐NiMoO(P)4) nanosheet array catalysts are synthesized. Due to the synergy of Ru clusters and NiMoO(P)4 by the modulated electronic structure and the rich active sites, impressively, Ru‐NiMoO(P)4 exhibits superior OER (194 mV @ 50 mA cm−2) and HER (24 mV @ 10 mA cm−2) activity in alkaline media, far exceeding that of commercial Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts. Meanwhile, as bifunctional catalyst, to drive the overall water splitting at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, Ru‐NiMoO(P)4 requires only 1.45 V and maintaining stable output for 100 h. Furthermore, Ru‐NiMoO(P)4 also possesses excellent capability for seawater electrolysis hydrogen production. Moreover, the successful demonstration of wind and solar hydrogen production systems provide the feasibility of the ultra‐low Ru loading catalyst for large‐scale hydrogen production in the future.
Unloading‐Induced Skeletal Interoception Alters Hypothalamic Signaling to Promote Bone Loss and Fat Metabolism
Authors: Guo Qiaoyue , Chen Ningrong , Patel Kalp , Wan Mei , Zheng Junying , Cao Xu
Published: October 2023

Microgravity is the primary factor that affects human physiology in spaceflight, particularly bone loss and disturbances of the central nervous system. However, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these effects. Here, it is reported that in mice hindlimb unloading stimulates expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the hypothalamus, resulting in bone loss and altered fat metabolism. Enhanced expression of TH and NPY in the hypothalamus occurs downstream of a reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)‐mediated ascending interoceptive signaling of the skeletal interoception. Sympathetic antagonist propranolol or deletion of Adrb2 in osteocytes rescue bone loss in the unloading model. Moreover, depletion of TH+ sympathetic nerves or inhibition of norepinephrine release ameliorated bone resorption. Stereotactic inhibition of NPY expression in the hypothalamic neurons reduces the food intake with altered energy expenditure with a limited effect on bone, indicating hypothalamic neuroendocrine factor NPY in the facilitation of bone formation by sympathetic TH activity. These findings suggest that reduced PGE2‐mediated interoceptive signaling in response to microgravity or unloading has impacts on the skeletal and central nervous systems that are reciprocally regulated.
Visible Light‐Promoted Three‐Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Fluoroalkyl‐Substituted Amides from Isocyanides
Authors: Cui Mengxing , Wang He , Chen Yang , Wang Xin , Sun Ran , Zhou Ming‐Dong , Li Lei
Published: October 2023

A visible‐light‐promoted radical fluoroalkylation has been achieved through a three‐component reaction of fluoroalkyl reagents, isocyanides and water, affording fluoroalkyl‐substituted amides in good yields. This reaction involves the generation of the nitrilium cation by single‐electron reduction of the imidoyl radical and a subsequent nucleophilic attack by water. Mechanistic studies support the generation of the imidoyl radical through the capture of the fluoroalkyl‐substituted imidoyl radical species.