bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of Medical Devices in Healthcare Industry
Authors: B.V. Chandan , V Balamuralidhara , M.P Gowrav , Motupalli Vishakharaju
Published: September 2021

In the health-care industry, use of medical devices is becoming increasingly significant. There are currently over 8000 generic medical device categories, with some containing pharmaceutical active ingredients. The potential growth of the medical devices in the healthcare industry helps the healthcare system stupendously in diagnosis, treatment, pathogen tracking, patient monitoring and many more aspects of serving the human race in healthcare terms. Medical device utilization is becoming an increasingly crucial part of a healthcare professional's job. Personal users of medical devices must be taught and educated regularly to guarantee that they are proficient in the usage of equipment. Medical gadgets are becoming increasingly important in the health-care market. Keeping up with regulatory regulations and incorporating them into the process is one of the most difficult elements of creating and manufacturing medical devices. Tighter regulatory systems are needed to ensure that products entering the market are both safe and effective. Keeping up with regulatory regulations and incorporating them into the process is one of the most difficult elements of creating and manufacturing medical devices. A company that fails to succeed in this endeavour could lose thousands of dollars due to the amount of time it takes to do it. KEY WORDS Medical Device, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Design and Development, Diagnosis, Disease Management.
Covid-19 Vaccination – A Saviour from Pandemic
Authors: Bhargava Riya , Ghiloria Anurag , Kapoor Poorvi , Dawar Sameera , Yadav Nisha Rani , Jain Meena
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND The world is hit by a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, a new genotype of the virus, which causes coronavirus disease, Covid19. The situation has challenged the entire scientific community nationally as well as internationally to fight back this deadly disease. Since its beginning in November 2019, it has disseminated throughout the human race, regardless of all the measures taken by healthcare sectors, governments, and world health organizations as well. Numerous investigations show that this virus uses air as a passage to commute and spread, the disease most commonly spreads through droplet infections and when comes in contact with the mucous membrane, enters the body. Entire medical staff along with scientists of various nations are working perpetually to develop successful vaccines and drugs to fight back this virus. Amongst various vaccines developing across the world, many of them are in their clinical trials and human trial phases and those which have succeeded in all the trial phases are getting delivered to citizens since December 2020. The present article aims to provide a review of the literature on the type of vaccinations that have been developed so far with their mechanism of action and their basic formulations. KEY WORDS Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine, Coronavirus, Antibody, Immunization, COVID-19
Flyers Tooth Squeeze - Current Concepts and Future Needs - A Review
Authors: Arshad Sohaib , Albayat Soha Shawqi , Al-Mhanna Sameer Badri , Awang Raja Azman , Abbas Hina , Tehreem Fatima
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND The flyers tooth or the tooth squeeze is the toothache during air travel, termed as Barodontalgia / Aerodontalgia by researchers. It was first identified as an in-flight physiologic and pathologic phenomenon at the start of the 20th century. With the introduction of the scuba in the 1940s, many in-flight manifestations caused by barometric variations were discovered to be synonymous with diving as well. Scuba diving is a type of underwater diving where the diver breathes underwater using equipment independent of the surface supply. It can be performed for fun or a living in various settings, including the scientific, army, and public security responsibilities. However, most commercial diving employs surface-supplied diving equipment wherever possible. Battle divers and assault swimmers are all terms for scuba divers who participate in clandestine military operations. Most cases of barodontalgia occur during ascent. The origin of the discomfort is also affected by the underlying pathology. In general, pain on the rise is associated with essential pulp disease, i.e., pulpitis and pain on descent with pulp necrosis. The pain subsides typically as the patient returns to the onset stage or the ground ambient level, although it can last longer if exacerbated by periapical infection. The Fédération dentaire internationale FDI advises that pilots, divers, and other professionals undergo yearly exams, as well as appropriate dental hygiene education from dentists, after a dental procedure that necessitates an anaesthetic or seven days after a dental procedure until travelling, teeth with pre-existing substantial restorations should have a cold-test examination or periapical radiographs taken to rule out occult pulp necrosis. It is appropriate to arrange outpatient dental appointments for a suitable period until the next scheduled flight. The possible treatment modalities vary from immediate relief to the control of infection and further subsequent treatment procedures. In recent years, the airline industry and scuba diving have grown in popularity, but little is known about the oral issues linked with high altitude. It is entirely the obligation of dental health experts to give the finest dental care to aviators as well as raise knowledge of the risks of dental treatments at higher altitudes. Dentists and flight crew members should both have appropriate awareness of barodontalgia and its role in its prevention. Particular attention should be given by the otolaryngologist and must be aware of the issues and hazards associated with scuba diving. KEY WORDS Aerodontalgia, Barodontalgia, Flyer's Tooth, Pulpitis; Scuba, Tooth Squeeze
Az ötvenen túliak, mint növekvő jelentőségű célcsoport
Authors: Kolos Krisztina
Published: September 2021

Nemzetközi és hazai kutatási eredmények jelzik, hogy az ötvenen túli fogyasztók gazdasági jelentősége egyre növekszik. Ezért a vállalatoknak marketingstratégiájuk kialakításánál erre a korosztályra is gondolniuk kell. A szerző cikkében szakirodalmi eredmények és egy kérdőíves felmérés1 alapján jellemzi e célcsoportot, kiemelten foglalkozik a vásárlási stílussal, a nosztalgiaérzéssel, az értékekkel, a szabadidős tevékenységekkel, valamint a reklámmal szembeni attitűdökkel. Következtetéseket von le a célcsoportképzés és a marketingkommunikáció vonatkozásában.
Proces wytłaczania jednoślimakowego z zastosowaniem dozownika − zwiększanie skali
Authors: Nastaj Andrzej
Published: September 2021

Opracowano metodę zwiększania skali procesu wytłaczania jednoślimakowego z dozowaniem tworzywa przy użyciu dozownika. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie modelu komputerowego procesu przy zastosowaniu algorytmów genetycznych (technik ewolucyjnych). Podstawę metody stanowi program symulacji procesu wytłaczania GSEM (Global Screw Extrusion Model), który jest źródłem danych do optymalizacji, oraz specjalnie opracowany program zwiększania skali procesu GASES ST (Genetic Algorithm Screw Extrusion Scaling for Starve). Prace dotyczyły zmiany skali z poziomu wytłaczarki o średnicy ślimaka D = 45 mm do poziomu wytłaczarki o D = 60, przy zachowaniu takiego samego stosunku L/D. Na podstawie symulacji zoptymalizowano szybkość obrotową ślimaka wytłaczarki, temperaturę poszczególnych stref układu uplastyczniającego i szybkość dozowania. Proces przeprowadzono wg kryterium minimalnego jednostkowego zużycia energii, maksymalnej szybkości uplastyczniania i najniższej temperatury tworzywa na wyjściu z głowicy.
Influence of FFF process parameters and macrostructure homogeneity on PLA impact strength
Authors: Bączkowski Michał , Marciniak Dawid , Bieliński Marek
Published: September 2021

The article presents studies of the additive manufacturing printing parameters influence onthe impact strength of PLA samples obtained by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method. Two processvariables were taken into account in the research program: the height of the printed layer andthe printing temperature. An optical microscope was used to analyze the cross-section image (breakthrough)of the samples. The impact strength was determined at −40°C and 23°C. Selected geometricfeatures of the macrostructure (uniformity and thickness of individual layers, voids) determined on thebasis of the sample cross-section image analysis, enhanced the possibility of assessing the PLA impactstrength, depending on the adopted process variables and the temperature at which the experiment wascarried out.
The relationships between social pedagogy, social work and child protection: the case of Estonia
Authors: Leino Mare
Published: September 2021

This article analyses the context of social work and social pedagogy in Estonia. It also introduces the differences, commonalities and overlap of the two concepts and their teaching. Courses in both disciplines are taught at Tallinn University in the School of Governance, Law and Society. At Tallinn University social work has been taught at three levels (BA, MA and PhD) since 1991; the Master’s in Social Pedagogy and Child Protection started in 2002. As the term ‘social’ encompasses several meanings, it also influences the practice in the social field – an overlap here can be considered to be a positive aspect, because the aim of both social work and social pedagogy is a better life. In Estonia social pedagogy is connected with social work through child protection. This article first presents a short overview of the situation in Estonia. It then introduces the main principles and theoretical backgrounds of the concepts and the education of social work and social pedagogy.
Age Differentiation in Wages in the Russian Labor Market: Identification of the Causes
Authors:   Institute of Economics UB RAS, Vasilyeva Elena , Tyrsin Alexander ,   Institute of Economics UB RAS
Published: September 2021

The article examines the reasons for the significant age differentiation in wages that has developed in the Russian labor market. Based on the literature review, two hypotheses of the study were formed, reflecting the factors of wage changes with respect to age. The first hypothesis is that the wages of older workers are determined by age discrimination. According to the second hypothesis, the wages of older workers depend on their accumulated human capital (education, skills, and health). To test the two hypotheses of the study we carry out a multidimensional statistical analysis. It included the construction of regression models, performing discriminant analysis, and testing statistical hypotheses of data uniformity. We use the data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of HSE (RLMS-HSE) covering the years from 2000 to 2019. The data from the monitoring survey have been analyzed not only with respect to age, but gender as well. The results of the study confirmed the first hypothesis for men of pre-retirement and retirement age, as well as women of retirement age. The second hypothesis that the depreciation of human capital with age affects the remuneration of older workers has been partially confirmed. For the older generation of both sexes, a significant factor of wages is health, for men it is also the presence of a completed professional education. Continual education has a positive effect on average earnings, but only for women. Computer skills increases all workers’ wages except men older than 60. We did not find out any significant effect of human capital accumulation on wages for workers of pre-retirement and retirement age
Business Roadmap Model: A Review of Research
Authors: Fourqoniah Finnah , Setiawan Riyan Danu , Aransyah Muhammad Fikry
Published: September 2021

In doing business, business actors must understand the importance of a business model in entrepreneurship; a business strategy is needed. There are several business models, but the one most often used by business actors is the Business Model Canvas or what we usually know (BMC). According to several studies, the Business Model Canvas is a business model that can still be developed into a more detailed business model and better mapping. Then from the Business Model Canvas, a new business model was developed, namely the Business Road Map, to win the market competition. Business Road Map is a pattern or Business Mapping Method to build a business model/business plan capable of creating growth over time.
Pengaruh Motivasi Intrinsik dan Pengetahuan TIK terhadap Kesiapan Digitalisasi UMKM dengan Faktor Demografi sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi (Studi pada UMKM Kuliner di Salatiga)
Authors: Sufi Rakian Adib , Suharti Lieli
Published: September 2021

Digitalization brings many benefits to businesses including culinary SMEs. The benefits include ease of reaching customers digitally, cost efficiency, and being able to expand marketing networks to other regions and even countries. Despite the advantages of digitalization, the majority of MSMEs in Indonesia still have a low level of digitalization readiness. Therefore, this study aims to examine several factors that may affect digitalization readiness, namely intrinsic motivation (X1) and ICT knowledge (X2) as well as demographic moderating (Z) on the digitalization readiness of SMEs. This research is a quantitative research with the number of respondents as many as 90 MSME owners who are determined using accidental sampling technique. The data analysis technique of this research uses Partial Least Square (PLS) with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results showed that intrinsic motivation and ICT knowledge had a significant positive effect on the digitalization readiness of culinary SMEs in Salatiga City. However, the role of age, education level and gender has not been proven as a moderator of the influence of intrinsic motivation, ICT knowledge of MSME owners on MSME digitalization readiness.Digitalisasi membawa banyak manfaat untuk bisnis termasuk UMKM kuliner. Manfaat tersebut antara lain kemudahan menjangkau pelanggan secara digital, efisiensi biaya, dan dapat memperluas jaringan marketing ke daerah bahkan negara lain. Terlepas dari kelebihan digitalisasi, mayoritas UMKM di Indonesia masih memiliki tingkat kesiapan digitalisasi yang rendah. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh faktor motivasi intrinsik (X1) dan pengetahuan TIK (X2) terhadap kesiapan digitalisasi UMKM. Persoalan penelitian lain yang juga diteliti adalah peran variabel demografi yang mencakup usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan gender sebagai pemoderasi dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 90 orang pemilik UMKM yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS) dengan software SmartPLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi intrinsik dan pengetahuan TIK berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap kesiapan digitalisasi UMKM kuliner di Kota Salatiga. Namun, dugaan adanya peran faktor usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan gender tidak terbukti sebagai pemoderasi terhadap pengaruh motivasi intrinsik, pengetahuan TIK pemilik UMKM terhadap kesiapan digitalisasi UMKM.
Wpływ współczesnych migracji terrorystycznych na bezpieczeństwo
Authors: Zabrocki Patryk Roger
Published: September 2021

The premise of this text is to analyze by means of selected examples the issues related to the broad definition of security, and modern and developing terrorist migration. Moreover, the aim of this paper is to approach the subject in question from the perspective of the current legal state by means of the formal and dogmatic method, but also by means of the method of criticism and analysis of the literature, which will allow a full understanding of the shape, functioning and causes of errors of modern security bodies. The above will influence the formulation of de lege ferenda postulates in the conclusion. The European Union is based on solid foundations. So how does globalisation, in its broadest sense, affect the world around us and the elementary values of the modern world? Modern terrorism, which strikes at the security of developed countries, is undoubtedly a global phenomenon that also sows fear for normal existence in one’s own country. Unrestricted, cross-border terrorist activity is leading to intra-community division. This is the result of internal conflicts over common values. The surveillance and detection of migrants from outside the European community who are criminals is becoming a more difficult task with time. This is due to the fact that terrorist organisations operate according to a well-defined plan, creating extensive networks and recruiting new members for their groups in many countries simultaneously. The fight against terrorism is being waged on Europe’s streets and in the homes and schools of its citizens. The struggle for security begins at the borders of European countries. What is crucial in this fight is the latest equipment and cooperation between security bodies, including the special services of all the countries of the European Union and NATO. It is essential to introduce appropriate legislation to limit the free movement of people who commit crimes and to develop methods to distinguish terrorists from economic migrants or refugees. The state must guarantee the security of its citizens and combat terrorism effectively.
Problematyka imperium Państwowej Inspekcji Pracy na przykładzie wystąpienia inspektora pracy
Authors: Sobol Michał
Published: September 2021

The labour inspector’s statement constitutes a non-statutory form of enforcing labour rights. In this context, we can see a variety of problems related both to the impact of the legal measure itself, appealing against it, as well as to the role it plays in ensuring compliance with employment rights. The jurisprudence and literature to date indicates explicitly that the employer’s failure to comply with the content of the labour inspector’s speech does not give rise to any negative legal consequences. Nevertheless, employers who do not agree with the solutions recommended by the authority through the labour inspector’s speech perceive this specific measure as a special type of decision. The decision itself, in turn, seems to be a natural manifestation of the state, the authority indicating to the subject of law the individual directions of its behaviour. However, this is, in fact, a different act. The article doubts the implementation of the model of labour supervision and control assumed by the legislator in the light of the measure outlined in the labour inspector’s speech. As a result, allowing this measure to be left to the inspector’s discretionary use may lead to the reinforcement of the feeling of a lack of efficiency on the part of the state bodies in the field of protection of workers’ rights, especially that the cases of its use are an open catalogue, which includes issues such as working time or the employment of young people. In order to better understand these trends, two examples are discussed where the National Labour Inspectorate had an impact on situations of a gross violation of labour law standards. A de lege ferenda direction has also been indicated, which means the creation of the institution of “re-inspection” of the employer. The existence of a non-authoritative “recommendation”, which is a statement by the labour inspector, is in fact a manifestation of the implementation of Article 17, paragraph 2 of the ILO Convention No. 81, which would not be incompatible with the consequence in the form of addressing a statement.
Modellheuristiken für effizientes forward model learning
Authors: Dockhorn Alexander , Kruse Rudolf
Published: September 2021

Forward Model Learning, also das Erlernen vorwärtsgerichteter Modelle aus Daten, findet Anwendung in der vorhersagebasierten Regelung. Dazu werden Ein- und Ausgaben des Systems beobachtet, um ein Transitionsmodell zu erstellen und Vorhersagen über zukünftige Zeitschritte zu ermöglichen. Insbesondere komplexe Zustandsräume erfordern den Einsatz von spezialisierten Such- und Modellbildungsverfahren. In dieser Arbeit stellen wir Abstraktionsheuristiken für hochdimensionale Zustandsräume vor, welche es ermöglichen, die Modellkomplexität zu reduzieren und in vielen Fällen ein interpretierbares Ergebnis herbeizuführen. In zwei Fallstudien zeigen wir die Wirksamkeit des vorgestellten Verfahrens anhand von Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz in Spielen und in Motion Control Szenarien. Deren Übertragung ermöglicht vielversprechende Anwendungen in der Automatisierungstechnik.
Behavior study of EDEU optical code for FE-OCDMA system
Authors: Bouarfa Abdelkader
Published: September 2021

The increase in the cardinality of the frequency encoding-optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system directly affects the length of the optical code, which leads us to find a less expensive solution. In this work, I propose an improved version of the diagonal eigenvalue Unit code (DEU) called Enhanced diagonal eigenvalue Unit code (EDEU) that is much easier in terms of construction and short in code length compared to the DEU code. The results found showed that the performance of the EDEU code exceeds the DEU code in terms of bit error rate (BER), and allowed us to multiplex about 15 more users when using the EDEU code compared to the system using the DEU code. As a result, the EDEU code is very suitable for use in access and OCDMA systems and it can be seen as a strong competitor to existing codes.
Conciliatory Views on Peer Disagreement and the Order of Evidence Acquisition
Authors: Weber Marc Andree
Published: September 2021

The evidence that we get from peer disagreement is especially problematic from a Bayesian point of view since the belief revision caused by a piece of such evidence cannot be modelled along the lines of Bayesian conditionalisation. This paper explains how exactly this problem arises, what features of peer disagreements are responsible for it, and what lessons should be drawn for both the analysis of peer disagreements and Bayesian conditionalisation as a model of evidence acquisition. In particular, it is pointed out that the same characteristic of evidence from disagreement that explains the problems with Bayesian conditionalisation also suggests an interpretation of suspension of belief in terms of imprecise probabilities.
Stress and stem allomorphy in the Romance perfectum: emergence, typology, and motivations of a symbiotic relation
Authors: Herce Borja
Published: September 2021

Perfective stem allomorphy and stress are morphological traits which interact in complex ways in Romance verbal inflection. This article surveys the whole range of variation of these traits across Romance varieties, typologizes the observed interactions between the two, and examines attested and unattested possibilities. A comparison between the modern-day and the original Latin systems suggests that there is a strong pan-Romance bias against having verbs with a concrete combination of properties: perfective root-stress and no perfective stem alternation. This is a combination of traits that would have frequently resulted in diagonal syncretisms between past and present given the phonological changes attested in the daughter languages. Homophony avoidance (and the adaptive-discriminative role of morphology more generally) are therefore argued to motivate the observed bias.
Educational program for orthopedic surgeons’ influences for osteoporosis
Authors: Zhuang Huafeng , Lin Shufeng , Li Yizhong , Cai Siqing , Wang Peiwen , Yu Haiming , Lin Jinkuang , Yao Xuedong , Xu Hao
Published: September 2021

Background

In this retrospective study, we studied the impact of educational osteoporosis program on the rates of bone mineral density (BMD) assessment and bone turnover markers (BTM) and drug medications in the patients with hip fracture.

Methods

This retrospective research enrolled 651 patients aged ≥50 years who experienced hip fractures from January 2013 to December 2015. We recorded whether patients had received BMD assessment, BTM measurement, and anti-osteoporosis therapy during the period of hospitalization. Orthopedic surgeons were classified into the trained group and the untrained group. The rates of BMD assessment, BTM measurement, and anti-osteoporosis medications in the patients with hip fracture were compared between the trained group and the untrained group.

Results

BMD assessment was performed in 109/220 patients in the trained group and 142/431 patients in the untrained group. BTM measurements were performed in 130 patients in the trained group and 124 patients in the untrained group. Forty eight patients in the trained group and 63 patients in the untrained group received bisphosphonate medications.

Conclusions

Although the rates of BMD assessment, BTM measurement, and bisphosphonate use in the patients after hip fractures are still insufficient, education programs help to improve the situation.
The families of Dutch terrorist suspects: Risk and protective factors among parents and siblings
Authors: Rodermond Elanie , Weerman Frank
Published: September 2021

Newsmedia have regularly reported about acts of terrorism that involved members of the same family, but also about instances where one sibling becomes a terrorist, whereas the other becomes a successful, law-abiding citizen. The question is, then, to what extent family circumstances and individual risk factors impact on pathways towards these shared or divergent outcomes. To date, studies on the family characteristics of terrorist suspects have been hampered by a lack of empirical data, small sample sizes and non-representative samples. Using register data on individuals suspected of a terrorist offense in the Netherlands and their family members, the present study examines the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the families, as well as criminal, employment and education careers of individual family members (parents and brothers/sisters). We compare these characteristics with those of two control groups: suspects of non-terrorist offenses and a matched sample from the population. We also compared the terrorist suspects with matched siblings who were not suspected of a terrorist offence. We will end with a discussion of both risk and protective factors that are present within these families and that can put members of the same family on different pathways.
Introduction
Authors: Sacks David Harris
Published: September 2021

“Apocalypticism” and “Globalization” are not commonly juxtaposed to one another, with the former taken to begin in ancient times and the latter taken to be a modern phenomenon. This Forum explores the convergence of thoughts about the history of the world and the practices those thoughts engendered among the peoples of Western Europe and the Mediterranean region during the “early modern” era, roughly between 1400 and 1800. Scholars in history and the humanities commonly regard this period as a long transition in a “from-to” narrative when “pre-modern” institutions and intellectual and cultural traditions, characterized by the entanglements of the worldly with the divine, the temporal with the spiritual, the secular with the sacred, and the microcosm with the macrocosm, were transformed into “modernity” by the replacement of beliefs dependent on faith with knowledge established by reason. The essays in this Forum take a different approach by treating the development of modern understandings of the political, social and natural world as emerging from religiously-grounded discourse, debate, and practice in the early modern era.
Prophecy as Diplomacy in the Fifteenth-Century Mediterranean
Authors: Green-Mercado Mayte
Published: September 2021

Late medieval and early modern diplomats and intermediaries drew on the authoritative language of prophecy, a language that conveyed divine threats to the current order, or divine sanctions of a new world. Because apocalyptic discourse has the capacity to conjure affective associations through its redemptive potential, its use in a diplomatic context seems to have been aimed at shaping the way individuals perceived the issues at hand. Based on a number of case studies from both Christian and Islamic contexts, this contribution renders it clear that it was precisely these cultural and political commonalities that made prophecy a recognizable political and diplomatic discourse. As a totalizing religio-political discourse, prophecy articulated the aspirations of a multitude of competing universalizing imperial projects that were emerging in the fifteenth century, which required diplomatic mediation.
On Mending the Peace of the World: Sir Francis Bacon’s Apocalyptic Irenicism
Authors: Sacks David Harris
Published: September 2021

This essay is about irenicism and science, i.e. about the interrelationship between the quest for peace on earth and the quest for knowledge about the world. Both are global aspirations, the former focused on achieving concord among rival peoples and ideologies, nations, and religions; the latter on comprehending the earth and the heavens and the way the things in them are made. Sir Francis Bacon (1561–1626), Viscount St. Alban and sometime Lord Chancellor of England, who, citing in Latin the Biblical prophecy in Daniel 12:4 – “Many shall go to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased” – linked together the increase of geographical knowledge in his own day with the prospect for new discoveries in all fields of learning. For Bacon, the advancement of all branches knowledge, fated to come together in the same age, would in time bring religious unity and with it this-worldly peace, thereby paving the way for the fulfillment of the apocalyptical prophecy in the Book of Daniel, which in Christian discourse was interpreted to mean the Second Coming of Christ. This essay explores Bacon’s discussions of his aims and the methods he advocated as addressed the consequences of “discovery” for mending world back to its wholeness.
Domesticated Water: Four Early Neolithic Wells in Moravia (CZ)
Authors: Vostrovská Ivana , Tichý Radomír , Přichystal Michal , Muigg Bernhard , Urbanová Kristýna , Kalábková Pavlína
Published: September 2021

Water wells are the most unique finds from the Early Neolithic period in Central Europe. These features provide unusual insight into societies and their settlements, as well as into the water management process. This article presents the updated results of material analyses and excavations of Early Neolithic wells at Mohelnice, Brno-Bohunice and Uničov in Moravia, Czech Republic. We studied the possibilities of the spatial and temporal distribution of wells on the example of these settlements. The social relation between the large longhouses and the wells in their immediate neighbourhood has not been proven. On the contrary, they could have been communal wells, serving the inhabitants of the entire settlement. Moreover, it turned out that in the Moravian region, geomorphological conditions were a key factor for choosing the location to build a well. By comparing radiocarbon dates, we estimated the time span of the existence of wells with respect to each other and to the settlements. Sealing and repairs of the well constructions prove that the first farmers maintained the wells over a long period of time. Studies of the well’s vertical sections shed light on its usage and decline; intentional backfilling of the well seems to have been common. Water management covered an entire cycle of activities, including the making of wooden buckets, which were mainly used for the pulling of water from wells.
Hans Kelsens Soziologieverständnis in den 1920er Jahren: Auch eine Geschichte einer Hinwendung?
Authors: Feldmann Malte
Published: September 2021

Der Rechtswissenschaftler Hans Kelsen steht aufgrund seiner berühmt-berüchtigten Kritik an Eugen Ehrlich ebenso wie seiner Verneinung der Möglichkeit eines soziologischen Staatsbegriffs im Ruf eines Kritikers, wenn nicht gar Feinds der Soziologie. Kaum vereinbar mit dieser Rezeption erscheint, dass sich der historische Kelsen im Jahre 1929 bemühte, Soziologe zu werden. Kelsen hätte sogar fast den Ruf auf die Oppenheimer-Nachfolge an der Universität Frankfurt erhalten. Dieses biographische Detail wird zum Anlass genommen, Hans Kelsens Soziologieverständnis in den 1920er Jahren zu untersuchen. Eine Spurensuche im Archivmaterial des Berufungsverfahrens sowie in Kelsens wichtigsten Monographien aus dieser Zeit ergibt, dass sich Kelsen selbst als Soziologe bezeichnete und einem „geisteswissenschaftlichen Verständnis“ der Soziologie verpflichtet sah. Dieses Soziologieverständnis Kelsens wird anhand verschiedener in seinen Schriften formulierter Anti-Standpunkte sowie seiner positiven Beschreibung des Aufgabenfelds der Soziologie ausführlich rekonstruiert. Kelsen zufolge kommt der Soziologie eine doppelte Aufgabe zu: Einerseits beschreibt sie normative Eigengesetzlichkeiten, andererseits verfolgt sie die kausalwissenschaftliche Fragestellung, unter welchen tatsächlichen Bedingungen eine Normvorstellung wirksam wird. Insgesamt ergibt sich hieraus der überraschende Befund, dass Kelsen in den 1920er Jahren eine Hinwendung zur Soziologie vollzog.
GRIM19 is involved in WT1 expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in adenomyotic lesions
Authors: Geng Chen , Liu Hao-ran , Zhao Yue , Yang Yang , Chao Lan
Published: September 2021

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition may play a role in adenomyosis. GRIM19 expression is downregulated in adenomyotic lesions, and the effects of this downregulation in adenomyosis remain relatively unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore whether aberrant GRIM19 expression is associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in adenomyosis and found that the expression of both GRIM19 and WT1 was low, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which included significant changes in CDH1, CDH2 and KRT8 expression, occurred in adenomyotic lesions, as confirmed by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. We provided novel insights into WT1 expression in adenomyosis, revealing that WT1 expression was increased in the endometrial glands of adenomyotic lesions by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, knockdown of GRIM19 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of Ishikawa cells, as measured by Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing assay and Transwell assays. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that WT1 expression increased and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition was induced, including the upregulation of CDH2 and downregulation of CDH1 and KRT8after transfecting the GRIM19 siRNA to Ishikawa cells. Furthermore, Wt1 expression was upregulated and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition was observed, including downregulation of Cdh1 and Krt8 in Grim19 gene-knockdown mice. Upregulation of Wt1 expression in the endometrial glands of Grim19 knockdown mice was also verified by immunohistochemistry. Taken together, these results reveal that low expression of GRIM19 in adenomyosis may upregulate WT1 expression and induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the endometria, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of adenomyosis.
YY1 and RTCB in mouse uterine decidualization and embryo implantation
Authors: Li Ran , Song* Xiao-Tong , Guo Si-Wei , Zhao Na , He Mei , He Cheng-Qiang , Ding Nai-Zheng
Published: September 2021

As a multifunctional transcription factor, YY1 regulates the expression of many genes essential for early embryonic development. RTCB is an RNA ligase that plays a role in tRNA maturation and Xbp1 mRNA splicing. YY1 can bind in vitro to the response element in the proximal promoter of Rtcb and regulate Rtcb promoter activity. However, the in vivo regulation and whether these two genes are involved in the mother–fetal dialogue during early pregnancy remain unclear. In this study, we validated that YY1 bound in vivo to the proximal promoter of Rtcb in mouse uterus of early pregnancy. Moreover, via building a variety of animal models, our study suggested that both YY1 and RTCB might play a role in mouse uterus decidualization and embryo implantation during early pregnancy.
Incidental Finding of Complete Bilateral Persistent Sciatic Arteries
Authors: Ramos Sofia M. , Dreyer Reinhardt G. , Buthelezi Thandi E.
Published: September 2021

Persistence of bilateral sciatic arteries (PSA) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly. We report an exceptionally rare case of complete bilateral persistent sciatic arteries, diagnosed incidentally on computed tomography angiography (CTA) in a young female patient who sustained a gunshot wound to the lower limb. The embryology, variants, clinical and imaging findings, potential complications, and treatment options are discussed. PSAs, found incidentally, are unlikely to have clinical significance, however, the unusual anatomy and higher incidence of future complications requires accurate reporting of such variants.
Bacterial cellulose as a carbon nano-fiber precursor: Enhancement of thermal stability and electrical conductivity
Authors: Rezaei Fateme , Behrooz Rabi , Arbab Shahram , Sabet Ehsanollah Nosratian
Published: September 2021

Bacterial cellulose was selected as a potential precursor for the production of carbon nanofiber because of its high purity and crystallinity. Diammonium phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) as a flame retardant was used to impregnate the cellulosic nanofiber sheet precursor in order to increase its thermal stability during the thermal processing. Also, the effect of heating rate on the stabilization and carbonization processes of cellulosic nanofiber samples was investigated. The precursor and resulted carbon nanofiber sheets were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and electrical characteristics. The results showed that the simultaneous usage of flame retardant (diammonium phosphate) and low heating rate in the stabilization process (2 °C min-1) increases thermal stability of cellulosic nanofiber sheets and the carbon yield. The presence of a flame retardant acts like a low heating rate effect but does not significantly affect the high heating rate of the stabilization process. As carbonization temperature increased, electrical conductivity and crystallite size were increased for impregnated samples. The carbonization process at 1200 °C, with a heating rate of 2 °C min-1, makes bacterial cellulose precursor an appropriate candidate for producing carbon nanofiber sheets with proper electrical characteristics.
Chlorhexidine digluconate uptake and release from alkane-crosslinked nanocellulose hydrogels and subsequent antimicrobial effect
Authors: Levanič Jaka , Poljanšek Ida , Vek Viljem , Narat Mojca , Oven Primoz
Published: September 2021

Drug release profiles of novel alkane-crosslinked nanocellulose hydrogels were investigated. The common antiseptic compound chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX-DG) was loaded into the nanocellulose hydrogels, and the release kinetics were studied under two different release regimes. The hydrogels were effective at absorbing more than their dry weights of the antiseptic and retaining it during diffusion testing, with more than 60% of the drug retained in the hydrogels. Antimicrobial tests showed sustained antimicrobial activity of the CHX-DG-loaded hydrogels even after the two diffusion tests, which was attributable to non-ionic retention of the CHX-DG within the hydrogel structure.
Investigation of Gas-Solid Flows in a Spout Fluidized Bed on Drag and Solid Stress: CFD-DEM, TFM, and Experimental Validation
Authors: Guo Xinyao , Liu Guodong , Zhao Junnan , Wang Runchun , He Yurong
Published: September 2021

In this work, experimental and numerical simulation methods are used to study the gas-solid two-phase flow in a three-dimensional rectangular spouted bed. In particular, the TFM and the CFD-DEM simulation results are compared with experimental data of the spouted bed. The influence of different drag models and friction stress models on the applicability of the simulation technology, Gidaspow, BVK, Koch-Hill, and Syamal-O'Brein drag models are investigated, respectively. Besides, the influence of the Syamal (S-R-O) and Srivastava-Sundaresan (S-S) friction stress models considering different transition points on the flow characteristics of particles in a spouted bed is also studied. Experimental verification shows that the Gidaspow drag, and S-S friction stress models are more consistent with experimental results. The fountain height predicted by CFD-DEM is closer to the experiment. It is found that the heterogeneous flow structure resulted in such a phenomenon in that the bubble cap blocked the gas flow pathway and increased the drag coefficient, while the bypass of the gas phase near the walls in the bubble reduced the drag coefficient.
White-Collar Crime: Contemporary View
Authors: Szaplonczay Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

The article touches upon the problem of white collar criminality and presents a contemporary view of the phenomenon. The concept of white-collar crime, first introduced by Edwin H. Sutherland in 1939, immediately became the driving force behind the discussion undertaken by criminologists and sociologists of that time. Since then, many studies have been conducted in order to answer the question about who actually is a “white collar” – why do respectable, well-situated individuals decide to enter the path of crime? The author contrasts two types of definitions – the subjective white-collar crime definition developed in Anglo-Saxon culture and objective definition of economic crime functioning in Europe. It is significant that the crime of white collars has never really been systematized in the Polish legal system (and most of European legal systems), in contrast to economic types of crime.The author compares recent literature, presents characteristics of white-collar criminals and comes to the conclusion that in this specific group of criminals the ties between the perpetrator and the community in which they live are very weak. Finally, the article touches on a problem of possible beneficial consequences of attempting to investigate the scale of crimes committed by white collars.
Sexual violence as a possible trigger in a case of dermatitis artefacta
Authors: Tadeu Villa Ricardo
Published: September 2021

Dermatitis artefacta (DA) is an uncommon diagnosis made by exclusion. Here, it is depicted a case of a woman that started to mutilate herself with a heated spoon, whenever she felt sexual desire. This self-inflicted aggression begun few months after she was sexually abused.
Factorial Analysis Quantifies the Effects of Pediatric Discharge Bundle on Hospital Readmission
Authors: Osorio Snezana Nena , Gage Sandra , Mallory Leah , Soung Paula , Satty Alexandra , Abramson Erika L. , Provost Lloyd , Cooperberg David
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Factorial design of a natural experiment was used to quantify the benefit of individual and combined bundle elements from a 4-element discharge transition bundle (checklist, teach-back, handoff to outpatient providers, and postdischarge phone call) on 30-day readmission rates (RRs).

METHODS

A 24 factorial design matrix of 4 bundle element combinations was developed by using patient data (N = 7725) collected from January 2014 to December 2017 from 4 hospitals. Patients were classified into 3 clinical risk groups (CRGs): no chronic disease (CRG1), single chronic condition (CRG2), and complex chronic condition (CRG3). Estimated main effects of each bundle element and their interactions were evaluated by using Study-It software. Because of variation in subgroup size, important effects from the factorial analysis were determined by using weighted effect estimates.

RESULTS

RR in CRG1 was 3.5% (n = 4003), 4.1% in CRG2 (n = 1936), and 17.6% in CRG3 (n = 1786). Across the 3 CRGs, the number of subjects in the factorial groupings ranged from 16 to 674. The single most effective element in reducing RR was the checklist in CRG1 and CRG2 (reducing RR by 1.3% and 3.0%) and teach-back in CRG3 (by 4.7%) The combination of teach-back plus a checklist had the greatest effect on reducing RR in CRG3 by 5.3%.

CONCLUSIONS

The effect of bundle elements varied across risk groups, indicating that transition needs may vary on the basis of population. The combined use of teach-back plus a checklist had the greatest impact on reducing RR for medically complex patients.
Metronidazole-Induced Hepatitis in a Teenager With Xeroderma Pigmentosum and Trichothiodystrophy Overlap
Authors: Abiona Adesoji , Cordeiro Nuno , Fawcett Heather , Tamura Deborah , Khan Sikandar G. , DiGiovanna John J. , Lehmann Alan R. , Fassihi Hiva
Published: September 2021

A teenage girl had the rare combined phenotype of xeroderma pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy, resulting from mutations in the XPD (ERCC2) gene involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER). After treatment with antibiotics, including metronidazole for recurrent infections, she showed signs of acute and severe hepatotoxicity, which gradually resolved after withdrawal of the treatment. Cultured skin fibroblasts from the patient revealed cellular sensitivity to killing by metronidazole compared with cells from a range of other donors. This reveals that the metronidazole sensitivity was an intrinsic property of her cells. It is well recognized that patients with Cockayne syndrome, another NER disorder, are at high risk of metronidazole-induced hepatotoxicity, but this had not been reported in individuals with other NER disorders. We would urge extreme caution in the use of metronidazole in the management of individuals with the xeroderma pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy overlap or trichothiodystrophy phenotypes.
A Novel Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Fulminant Clostridium difficile Colitis
Authors: Hanson Ryan M. , Wagner Amy J.
Published: September 2021

Pediatric patients rarely present with severe, complicated Clostridium difficile colitis. The medical and surgical management of pediatric patients is primarily based on evidence from adult populations, in which standard therapy often includes subtotal colectomy and end ileostomy. New evidence in adults suggests that a diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage is an effective alternative for the management of refractory severe, complicated C difficile colitis. We report the case of a 15-year-old female patient who developed severe, complicated C difficile colitis. After failing medical management, she underwent a diverting loop ileostomy with antegrade colonic lavage and recovered uneventfully. There is limited literature on the medical management of C difficile–associated disease in pediatric patients and even less information on the medical or surgical management of severe, complicated C difficile colitis in pediatrics. Diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage should be considered as an alternative to subtotal colectomy and end ileostomy in a pediatric patient with severe, complicated C difficile colitis.