bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Chorography: A Pedagogical Approach
Authors: Cohen Jason E.
Published: March 2018

This essay articulates the concept of ‘critical chorography’ through a discussion of the productive intersection of pedagogy in the spatial humanities and map theory as applied to the visualization of early modern maps using contemporary GIS technology. In method, the essay lays out a comparative model for the analysis of maps across early modern and contemporary digital practices by theorizing student-driven practices of mapping first through a deep attention to historical location and documentary evidence, and second, through an inquiry into the digital implications of mapping jurisdictional conflicts through case studies focused on westward expansion in the West Indies. To those ends, the essay examines the drive in contemporary spatial humanities to use the map as a tool of analysis, rather than merely as a platform for visualization and presentation.
Community Intervention In Elderly Population: A Fall Prevention Project
Authors: Coimbra Vera Lúcia Moreira Massa , Marques Ermelinda Maria Bernardo Gonçalves , Requeijo Cristina Alexandra Lopes , Saraiva Renata Jabour
Published: March 2018

Objective: This article seeks to present a pilot project of community intervention that aims to prevent the occurrence of falls in the elderly in a community setting.

Method: It is a prospective study in the temporal relationship, based on Health Planning, it was developed for 9 weeks in a Community Care Unit in the Northern Region of Portugal. Data collection and interventions were performed in the home of 6 of the 12 elderly being followed up at home by the nursing team. Elderly institutionalized and totally dependent were excluded. For the collection of data, an evaluation protocol was filled out using the Morse scale, validated for the Portuguese population, to assess the risk of falls.  

Results: Of the elderly who underwent nursing interventions, 50% presented a high risk of falls. Epidemiological indicators show that the incidence rate of falls was 0% and the prevalence rate of falls, in the last year was, 37.5%. 

Conclusion: The data collected was used for the production of epidemiological indicators, structure, process, and results. It is suggested to continue the project for one year, covering a larger sample and subsequent evaluation, and the creation of indicators for informal care providers.
EUCLIA—Exploring the UV/Optical Continuum Lag in Active Galactic Nuclei. I. A Model without Light Echoing
Authors: Cai Zhen-Yi , Wang Jun-Xian , Zhu Fei-Fan , Sun Mou-Yuan , Gu Wei-Min , Cao Xin-Wu , Yuan Feng
Published: March 2018

The tight interband correlation and the lag–wavelength relation among UV/optical continua of active galactic nuclei have been firmly established. They are usually understood within the widespread reprocessing scenario; however, the implied interband lags are generally too small. Furthermore, it is challenged by new evidence, such as that the X-ray reprocessing yields too much high-frequency UV/optical variation and that it fails to reproduce the observed timescale-dependent color variations among the Swift light curves of NGC 5548. In a different manner, we demonstrate that an upgraded inhomogeneous accretion disk model, whose local independent temperature fluctuations are subject to a speculated common large-scale temperature fluctuation, can intrinsically generate the tight interband correlation and lag across the UV/optical and be in nice agreement with several observational properties of NGC 5548, including the timescale-dependent color variation. The emergent lag is a result of the differential regression capability of local temperature fluctuations when responding to the large-scale fluctuation. An average speed of propagations as large as ≳15% of the speed of light may be required by this common fluctuation. Several potential physical mechanisms for such propagations are discussed. Our interesting phenomenological scenario may shed new light on comprehending the UV/optical continuum variations of active galactic nuclei.
Checklist of flesh flies of Turkey (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)
Authors: Verves Yury , Barták Miroslav , Kubík Štěpán
Published: March 2018

A checklist of 153 flesh fly species (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) recorded to date from Turkey is presented. Updating the list was necessary due to the numerous recent records. Records are listed according to provinces.
La livrée et le contrôle des droits d’usage dans les forêts royales de Normandie du xii e au xiv e siècle
Authors: Lake-Giguère Danny
Published: March 2018

Les forêts constituent, depuis le xi e siècle au moins, l’une des grandes richesses de la Normandie qui procure aux rois de France d’importantes ressources financières. C’est pourquoi les Capétiens, dès la conquête du duché par Philippe Auguste en 1204, portèrent un intérêt marqué aux vastes étendues boisées de la région. Cependant, si la politique de conservation forestière déployée par les premiers Valois est bien connue, les mesures prises par les derniers Capétiens le sont beaucoup moins. Parmi les plus anciennes, la création de la livrée, qui vise à rationaliser les prélèvements de bois de chauffage et de construction dans les forêts domaniales, constitue l’une des premières actions de contrôle des ressources forestières par le gouvernement royal. Déjà en usage sous les Plantagenêts, son application devint plus systématique au cours du xiii e siècle avant d’être généralisée par une ordonnance de 1280 qui entraîna de nombreux conflits entre l’administration et les usagers des forêts, tout en soulignant l’intérêt croissant du pouvoir royal pour les ressources forestières par le gouvernement royal. Déjà en usage sous les Plantagenêts, son application devint plus systématique au cours du xiii e siècle avant d’être généralisée par une ordonnance de 1280 qui entraîna de nombreux conflits entre l’administration et les usagers des forêts tout en soulignant l’intérêt croissant du pouvoir royal pour les ressources forestières.
Corporéité et possession diaboliques dans le roman de Robert le Diable
Authors: Roger Claire
Published: March 2018

Figure incontournable du paysage normand, Robert le Diable a suscité bon nombre d’études. Les origines diaboliques du personnage jouent un rôle majeur dans la construction de la légende et offrent une vision du diable et du possédé en ce début du xiii e  siècle. Toutefois, relire cette légende normande au regard de l’histoire des représentations et des normes notamment théologiques permet d’éclairer la nature plus complexe de Robert le diable, ainsi qu’une meilleure compréhension de ce personnage entre incarnation et possession diabolique.
La statue du Juif errant de Victor-Edmond Leharivel-Durocher à Flers (Orne), 1877-1941
Authors: Huet-Pouthas Viviane
Published: March 2018

Le mythe du Juif errant a donné lieu à des représentations imagées très populaires. Pourtant, on connaît peu de statues le figurant. Celle de Flers est l’œuvre du sculpteur normand Leharivel-Durocher, auteur de nombreuses œuvres religieuses. « Son »  Juif errant  est inspiré de l’iconographie chrétienne du Moyen Âge et de l’imagerie d’Épinal. Leharivel-Durocher expose le plâtre au salon de 1877, puis en réalise le bronze commandé pour Flers par le directeur des Beaux-Arts. La statue est placée en 1881 au square Delaunay. Sa « vie » n’y est pas de tout repos. De nombreux outrages lui sont infligés et elle fait l’objet de poèmes antisémites. Mais, en même temps sont publiés des articles de presse qui prennent sa défense et des poèmes qui montrent une certaine compassion à son égard. En 1922, elle est déplacée au jardin public pour laisser place au monument aux Morts. Elle y restera jusqu’à son départ pour la fonte en 1941. On garde son souvenir au travers des cartes postales éditées au début du xx e  siècle, envoyées par des visiteurs de Flers à leur famille ou amis.
Psychiatric Nursing Care in a General Hospital: Perceptions and Expectations of the Family/Caregiver
Authors: Moll Marciana Fernandes , Pires Fabiana Cristina , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Boff Nathália Nunes , da Silva Núbia Ferreira
Published: March 2018

The current study aimed to investigate the perceptions and expectations of family members/caregivers regarding nursing care provided to psychiatric inpatients in a general hospital. The study was a descriptive–exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through open interviews with 10 relatives of patients hospitalized in the psychiatric unit and analyzed using content analysis. Participants reported that nursing care was good and emphasized a good relationship between the patient and nursing staff marked by professionalism, care, and dedication. Participants' expectations highlighted staff's need for relational skills, represented by patience, attention, and interaction, and for meeting the basic human needs of patients. Most participants did not have higher expectations regarding the care provided. Future studies should address the family/caregiver's point of view, as psychiatric hospitalizations in general hospitals are a recent practice that should be the subject of further reflection and discussion to improve the quality of care. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(8), 31–36.]
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Goldberg Neal , Rodriguez-Prado Yahdira , Tillery Rebecca , Chua Caroline
Published: March 2018

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant younger than age 12 months whose cause of death remains unknown despite a thorough death scene investigation, a review of the clinical history, and an autopsy. Despite the huge achievement of the Back to Sleep program, SIDS remains one of the leading causes of infant death in the United States. In recent years, the SIDS rate has remained stationary despite major public health efforts aimed at high-risk groups to improve sleep environment and strategies. This review focuses on SIDS epidemiology, pathogenesis and risk factors, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations on safe infant sleeping environment, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's multistate registry to improve knowledge on SIDS, evaluate trends, and analyze circumstances and events surrounding SIDS cases.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(3):e118–e123.]
Identification and Evaluation of Physical Abuse in Children
Authors: Hoehn Erin F. , Wilson Paria M. , Riney Lauren C. , Ngo Vi , Bennett Berkeley , Duma Elena
Published: March 2018

Child physical abuse affects hundreds of thousands of children annually and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Pediatric health care providers play a key role in the recognition and treatment of suspected child abuse. Abusive injuries are often missed, which may lead to dire consequences for the child. Standardized screening tools and treatment guidelines can enhance early recognition of child abuse. This article reviews key findings in a medical history and physical examination that should raise suspicion for abuse. We also review the recommended evaluation that should occur when child abuse is suspected, as well as indications for reporting to child protective services.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(3):e97–e101.]
Towards an Integrated Electronic Medical Records System for Quality Healthcare in Ghana
Authors: Gyaase Patrick Ohemeng , Darko-Lartey Richard , William Harrison , Borkloe Foster
Published: March 2018

This article explores the factors militating against the diffusion integration electronic medical records in Ghana. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents in the healthcare ecosystem and analyzed quantitatively using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed non-integration of electronic medical records systems among the stakeholders of the healthcare ecosystem mostly due to and interoperability issues. There is also substantial usage of technology in capturing and storing medical records. The key factors militating against the integration of electronic medical records systems are inadequate funds to purchase database management systems, acquisition and maintenance costs of electronic medical records systems, and an unclear return on investment on the integrated electronic medical records systems. The article recommends sustained government financial support, standardization policy and implementation guidelines to facilitate the integration of electronic medical records systems in the various health institutions.
Improving Data Availability for Deduplication in Cloud Storage
Authors: Li Jun , Hou Mengshu
Published: March 2018

This article describes how in order to reduce the amount of data, deduplication technology is introduced in the cloud storage. Adopting this technology, the duplicated data can be eliminated, users can conserve the storage requirement. However, deduplication technology also increases the data unavailability. To solve this problem, the authors propose a method to improve data availability in the deduplication storage system. It is based on the data chunk reference count and access frequency, and increases redundant information for the data chunks, to ensure data availability and minimize storage overhead. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate effectiveness of the improved method. WFD, CDC, and sliding block deduplication technology are used for comparison. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher data availability than the conventional method and increase little storage overhead.
Sentiment Based Information Diffusion in Online Social Networks
Authors: Ahsan Mohammad , Kumari Madhu , Singh Tajinder , Pal Triveni Lal
Published: March 2018

This article describes how social media has emerged as a main vehicle of information diffusion among people. They often share their experience, feelings and knowledge through these channels. Some pieces of information quickly reach a large number of people, while others not. The authors analyzed this variation by collecting tweets on 2016 U.S. presidential election. This article gives a comprehensive understanding of how sentiment encoded in the textual contents can affects the information diffusion, along with the effect of content features, i.e., URLs, hashtags, and contextual features, i.e., number of followers, followees, tweets generated by the user so far, account age, tweet age. In order to explore the relationship between sentiment content and information diffusion, the authors first checked the features' significance as an indicator of diffusibility by using random forests. Finally, support vectors and k-Neighbors regression models are used to capture the complete dynamics of information diffusion. Experiments and results clearly reveal that sentiment prominently helps in making a better prediction of information diffusion.
Beyond Macroeconomics of Food and Nutrition Security
Authors: Andreea Ion Raluca
Published: March 2018

This article aims to highlight what macroeconomics hides beyond the statistical data in respect to food and nutrition security in Romania, in the attempt to answer the question whether both food security and nutrition security have been achieved. The need of pursuing such an issue has emerged from the fact that we know too little about nutrition security, although there is a strong evidence base providing reliable information on food security. The main findings reveal that hardly all the people have economic access to safe, sufficient, nutritious food, that 15.3 percent live on less than $2.9 a day, while the average food consumption fits into a budget of $3.28 a day. People earning $2.9 a day have limited dietary choices; consequently, special scenarios for their diets have been worked out. The relevance of this article lies in its capacity to bring a clearer understanding of the links between food security and nutrition and to emphasize, in the end, that nutrition is a significant driver of food security.
Study on Labour Force in Romanian Agriculture
Authors: Nica Maria
Published: March 2018

This article describes how in the current context, there are many opinions in Romania which lead to the claim that there is no longer a labour force in agriculture, especially the seasonal labour force. In the present article, it is desirable to analyse the dynamics of the agricultural labour force in recent years as well as to determine the current level, but also its productivity. Thus, with the data collected from the national, European and international databases on the total population, indicators such as the active population, the employed population, the share in the total labour force, as well as the unemployed and the unemployment rate were analysed. In order to determine labour productivity, total agricultural production is analysed along with the indicators presented above. At the end of the study, the author also analyses the earnings of the population working in agriculture, trying to determine how this indicator influences the workforce in this sector of the national economy.
La Terra dei Fuochi
Authors: Giusto Salvatore
Published: March 2018

In the summer of 2013, two major televisual outlets released a groundbreaking campaign of information about a massive mafia-lead traffic of toxic and radioactive waste involving the peripheries of Napoli and Caserta, southern Italy, which was historically covered up by the national secret services. The widespread mass-mediation of such a dramatic news significantly impacted the local cultural sphere. At the same time, it elicited eclectic (re)actions among the dwellers of these two areas, which the media dubbed as the “Land of Fires.” This article ethnographically analyzes the “Land of Fires” case study as a discursive milieu that mirrors the relationships between power, cultural production, and political change in neoliberal Italy. In so doing, it aims to redefine the contemporary Italian mediascape, which most academic literature describes as a “cynical” machine of political consent merely engendering “televised” subjectivities amid its publics, as an highly controversial (but still sophisticated and vibrant) space of socio-cultural production.
Vision of the Other
Authors: Petrilli Susan
Published: March 2018

This article describes how the pathways and modalities through which self-consciousness and self-valuation are reached are closely interdependent with the vision of others. But the vision of the other can never be known directly by any one of us, not even in the other's presence: even when I am in front of the gaze of the other, the other is always the other-for-me. Neither studies of the psychological or psychoanalytical orders, nor those conducted in the sphere of philosophical reflection oriented autonomously from other spheres can contribute to a semiotics of the image of self as this is construed interpreting the signs of the vision of the other. Literary writing above all can contribute in this sense. The Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin resorts to literature, verbal art for his semiotics and philosophy of language and is often interpreted mistakenly as a literary critic precisely because of this. In this framework, he analyses the signs forming one's own image of self for each one of us, in the interlacement between I-for-myself, the other-for-me, I-for-the-other.
Malikai Project - Design of TLP Foundation Pile at Geologically Challenging Area, Offshore Malaysia
Authors: Ng Yong-Chen , Hadley C. , Suroor H.
Published: March 2018

Malikai development project features Malaysia's first tension leg platform (TLP) installation. The TLP tendon piles were designed by leveraging practice and experience from the Gulf of Mexico whilst taking site-specific earthquake design criteria into consideration. A comprehensive site investigation was performed for site characterization, geohazard assessment, and development of data for facilities design.

The TLP is tethered to the seafloor with eight tendons, each of which is connected to a 2.44 m diameter by 130 m long, 425 tonne foundation pile. Pre-service load cases, including transportation/handling and stability at self-penetration free-standing condition, plus in-place load cases, including hull and tendon damage cases, and earthquake condition, were considered in the design. An extensive seismic design analysis was carried out involving site response analysis to determine the kinematic effect as well as inertia loading on pile design as per ISO 19901-2 based on site specific seismic design criteria.

The TLP foundation piles were installed in May through June, 2016. Actual piling performance observed in the field matched model predictions. The recorded self-weight penetration of all eight piles was within the predicted range. The piles were driven using an underwater hydraulic hammer to a target penetration depth of 124 m and the measured blow-count agreed with "best-estimate" predictions of drivability.

This paper presents the overall design process, including site investigation, the selection of TLP site to avoid geohazards, detailed geotechnical and structural design of piles. Pile installation records and field observations are also presented and compared to pre-installation predictions.
The Impact of Ion Exchange and Surfactant Partitioning on ASP Modeling, A Brown Offshore Field
Authors: Ghadami Nader , Tewari Raj Deo , Zarubinska Maria , Motaei Eghbal
Published: March 2018

In order to design and analyse Alkaline Surfactant Polymer (ASP) pilots and generate reliable field forecasts, a robust scalable modeling workflow for the ASP process is required. Accurate modeling of an ASP flood requires detailed representation of the geochemistry and the saponification process, if natural acids are present. The objective of this study is to extend the existing models of ion exchange and surfactant partitioning between phases to improve the quality of the model.

Geochemistry and saponification affect the propagation of the injected chemicals. This in turn determine the chemical phase behaviour and hence the effectiveness of the ASP process. A starting point of such a workflow is to carry out ASP coreflood tests and history matching (HM) using numerical models. This allows validation of the models and generates a set of chemical flood parameters that can be used for forecasts. The next step is upscaling from lab to field. The presence of (geo)-chemistry in ASP model improves significantly the quality of core HM especially for produced chemicals, breakthrough time and their profiles shape.

The addition of surfactant partitioning between the oleic and the aqueous phases based on salinity of the system as well as propagated distance (time) improves understanding of the required surfactant concentration. The partitioning of surfactant is important for coreflood matching of native cores as they tend to have more clays and minerals that affect ASP phase behaviour. The upscaling of the HM coreflood was conducted in two steps. First step the coreflood was scaled up with the distance between injector–producer pair as the scaling parameter. Second step was the application of the scaled up injection rates, residual saturations, etc. to the full field model. Sensitivity study for parameters such as grid size, well distance, ASP slug size, and rate of surfactant partitioning was performed. It was found that grid size of 50ft was optimum for ASP modeling. The higher rate of surfactant partitioning resulted to lower recovery. The optimal well distance was determined as 700ft for optimization of oil recovery. The reduction of ASP slug size from 0.5PV to 0.3PV leads to the reduction in oil recovery by 2-3%.

Usually chemical reactions accompanied ASP process are left out of the model due to increase in complexity as well as longer computational time. However, their addition as well as presence of surfactant partitioning between the oleic and the aqueous phases makes ASP models more realistic and it results in significant improvement to coreflood HM quality and prediction of ASP process.
Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods for Predicting Water Saturation from New Seismic Attributes.
Authors: Sambo Chico Horacio , Hermana Maman , Babasari Amir , Janjuhah Hammad Tariq , Ghosh Deva P.
Published: March 2018

Accurate determination of water saturation is fundamental for predicting the amount of hydrocarbon fluid in reservoir, apart from monitoring fluid saturation changes whithin the reservoir using 4D seismic technology in the most efficient manner. In fact, although several techniques can be employed to predict water saturation, the well log based approaches have emerged as the most widely applied methods. Nevertheless, even though these techniques offer rather exceptional vertical resolution, it is a fact that lateral estimation is still an issue.

As such, this study proposes a methodology that estimates the water saturation based on pre-stack seismic information by using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems optimized by genetic algorithm (ANFIS-GA), as well as support vector machine (SVM). Therefore, the seismic data would go through a process known as seismic inversion and then transformed into seismic attributes, represented as SQp and SQs, this transformation is adherent to attenuation concept, which is associated to the rock physics.

On top of that, data from two wells in Malaysian hydrocarbon field were employed to build the estimation models of ANN, ANFIS-GA, and SVM and then third well data was used as blind well to test unseen data. Furthermore, both SQp and SQs had been employed in the models as input variables, whereas the water saturation functioned as output. Other than that, several performance indices of statistical had been incorporated in this study so as to perform a comparison between the performances exerted by the selected models. As a result, the findings indicated thatalthough all models showed an acceptable agrrement with the experimental data to some extent, the ANFIS-GA based model had a better performance over other models.

The present study show that the AI technology can be incorporated in water saturation prediction workflow from pre-statck seismic data which result in superior accuracy and performance in fluid flow calculations and time lapse seismic analysis.
Microcarriers for Smart Release of Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors Under Hydrate Formation Condition Inside Flowlines
Authors: Park Juwoon , Lee Sang Seok , Kim Shin-Hyun , Cho Dong-Woo , Kim Jong-Nam , Kim Hyunho , Seo Yutaek
Published: March 2018

Hydrate formation in subsea flowlines is one of the main concerns to safely transport the hydrocarbon fluids in the field of flow assurance. To prevent blockage of hydrate, thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THIs) have been injected into the subsea flowlines; however, the high injection amount of THIs may drive up operational expenditure (OPEX) with increasing water depth of oil and gas reservoirs. Kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) have been investigated as an alternative for few decades. In this study, microcapsules were designed using microfluidics concept for efficient release of KHIs at off-shore transport line of hydrocarbon and gas. Hydrate formation kinetics among four different systems, pure water, microcapsules containing poly vinyl caprolactam (PVCap), microcapsules without PVCap, and PVCap aqueous solution was investigated. The dispersive Raman was applied to understand hydrate formation on microcapsules with temperature change under static condition, and autoclave study also was employed to confirm the shear rate effect on microcapsule stability. From the both experiments, it was confirmed that release of KHI solution from microcapsules delayed the formation of hydrate at the target temperature and showed a similar efficacy comparing to the bulk KHI solution under turbulent condition. These results indicated the release of PVCap solution can be controlled by adjusting the membrane thickness of the microcarriers, which would provide operational flexibility to manage the risk of hydrate plug formation.
Evaluation of Reservoir Compaction and Geomechanical Related Risks Associated with Reservoir Production Using a Two-Way Coupled 4D Geomechanical Model for a Deep-Water Field in South East Asia
Authors: Younessi A. , Gui F. , Guises R. , Ngan A. , Nadzri S. , Zhou C.
Published: March 2018

A two-way coupled 4D geomechanical simulation was conducted for two adjacent deep-water fields, located in South East Asia, to investigate the impact of reservoir compaction over the production profile of the reservoirs. The results of the 4D geomechanical model were also used to calculate the stress path, surface subsidence and evaluate the risks associated with reservoir compaction over the life of the fields.

The 4D geomechanical model is a finite element (FE) model which was prepared from the structural geology model, surface seismic data, offset well geomechanical models and laboratory core tests. A Drucker-Prager/Cap material model was considered for the reservoir layers to calculate the compaction associated with pore collapse in high depletion zones. The 4D geomechanical model was two-way coupled with the reservoir dynamic simulation for predefined simulation steps over the life of the fields.

The impact of the reservoir compaction on the reservoir performance was evaluated by comparing the results of the coupled reservoir dynamic simulation against the uncoupled simulation. The results indicated that the impact of reservoir compaction and pore collapse is negligible for the expected level of depletion. The importance of conducting field-scale 4D geomechanical studies to have a better understanding of the reservoir response over the life of the field is demonstrated in this paper. The obtained results are particularly important for decision making in the field development planning stage.
The Value of Subsea Pipelines to Marine Biodiversity
Authors: Bond T. , Prince J. , Partridge J. C. , White D. , McLean D. L.
Published: March 2018

As offshore oil and gas infrastructure reaches the end of its operational life, owners and regulators will question the best options available to decommission it, with decisions requiring information about the potential ecological value of these structures and the environmental impact of their removal. Using a combination of existing industrial underwater Remotely Operated Vehicle video data and marine scientific remote stereo-video surveys, we describe and compare the fish assemblage on pipelines with those on the adjacent natural seafloor of the North West Shelf of Western Australia. Using these video observations of commercially important fish species on pipelines we were able to summarise the potential monetary value of commercial fish found on pipelines to commercial fisheries. Greater numbers of fish were observed on pipelines, compared with that seen on adjacent seafloor areas, and the monetary value of the fish found on the pipelines was estimated to be ca. six times greater than that of fish in surrounding areas lacking subsea infrastructure. Pipeline spans had high fish abundance, with fish appearing to utilise these spans as refuges. These results, together with allied assessments of marine growth on pipelines, suggest over the course of their operating lives, pipelines gain ecological and fishery value, enhancing the diversity and abundance of fish (including important commercial species) which can be translated to a monetary value for commercial fisheries. With an extensive array of pipeline infrastructure spread across the North West Shelf of Western Australia, knowledge of the ecological and fisheries value of subsea infrastructure is imperative to understanding the environmental and economical consequences of removing infrastructure as part of decommissioning. Where pipelines add value to marine biodiversity and fisheries in Western Australia, engineers and ecologists can work towards quantifying this value and preserving it – and potentially also enhancing it – via novel evidence-based abandonment strategies.
Surfactant Enhanced Waterflood SEW in Medium and Light Crude Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Quintero Lirio , Deighton Michael , Nguyen Henry , Willmott Eric , Kuznetsov Oleksandr V. , Tompkins Rose , Koh Heesong
Published: March 2018

Combinations of surfactant-polymer (SP) and alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) have proven, in the laboratory and the field, to be good methods for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, field implementation of these methods has not been widely materialized because of economics, especially at the recent crude oil prices.

A more economical EOR alternative is surfactant-enhanced waterflood (SEW), achieved by injecting a small amount of an appropriate surfactant with the injected water. This method could be applied in reservoirs containing medium and light crude oil (less than 5 cP viscosity at reservoir temperature) that are currently under waterflood, and has the economic advantage of minimal additional CAPEX investment for surface facilities.

The main target of this method is to mobilize residual oil trapped at pore throats after an extensive waterflood. Increasing the Ca improves the efficiency of crude oil displacement from injectors to producers.

The workflow of surfactant formulation selection involves a comprehensive sequence of studies that cover: Selection of candidate surfactants based on reservoir fluids properties and reservoir data conditions,Winsor systems phase behavior studies, IFT measurement,Evaluation of surfactant adsorption, andEvaluation of the formulation in porous media (sandpack and coreflood tests).

Parameters involved in the phase behavior studies included a broad range of salinity, hardness, temperature, surfactants ratio in blends, and the equivalent carbon number (EACN) of the evaluated crude oils. After screening and selecting formulations, waterflood simulation with the surfactant formulation is required to estimate the recovery factor, the production profile, and the economics of the project.

Optimal surfactant formulations determined by phase behavior studies using surfactants-brine-crude oil systems were obtained for selected reservoir conditions (temperature, injection water salinity, specific crude oils, and rock properties). These custom-made formulations were Winsor III microemulsions with very high oil solubilization, and an IFT equal to or lower than 10−3 mN/m.

Evaluation of the selected formulations at low surfactant concentrations (around 0.15% in injection water) in sandpack and coreflood tests resulted in approximately 30% additional oil recovery. The results demonstrate that a high percentage of additional oil could be recovered after waterflood by adding a small concentration of a properly selected surfactant formulation to the water injected into cores saturated with light crude oil.

This paper discusses some aspects of the experimental work involved in various phases of the process for selecting surfactant formulations that meet the requirements of ultra-low IFT that result in a high capillary number (Ca) and high recovery of low-viscosity residual medium and/or light crude oil left behind in reservoirs that have been produced by waterflood.
Optimizing Pore Pressure Prediction and Wellbore Stability in Drilling Ultra Deepwater Exploration Well
Authors: Maulana Herry , Ghosh Amitava , Paimin M. Razali , Abitalhah M Abiabhar
Published: March 2018

Optimum mud window prediction is very crucial for drilling any well. Accurate prediction of pore pressure, fracture pressure and other geomechanical parameters such as stresses, rock mechanical properties and finally the collapse pressure are key for designing the optimum mud window and effective well planning. Predrill predictions of pore pressure and wellbore stability become more and more challenging as the industry is moving to more and deeper and ultra-deep water wells. This is primarily becaue of lack of offset calibration together with inherent probrems and challenges associated with deep water environments.

A substantial amount of non-productive time (NPT) was associated during the initial phases of drilling campaigns in the Brunei deepwater. Accurate mud weight window prediction using regional scale pore pressure prediction and geomechanical modeling clearly demonstrated a significant reduction in nonproductive times over the different phases of drilling campaigns till date. This also includes a regular update or refinement of the model as soon as new data or information becomes available.

This paper presents some of the methodologies employed during well planning and construction with refinement along the way, resulting in improvement on pore pressure and geomechanical model. Our intent is to document and share our experiences and lessons learnt in Brunei deepwater well so that design and execution workflow can be continuously improved thus the well can be delivered safely and costeffectively.
Resonant Fluid Motion in the Narrow Gap between FLNG and LNG Carrier
Authors: Wolgamot Hugh , Chua Kie Hian , Feng Xingya , Li Binbin , Zhao Wenhua
Published: March 2018

Resonant fluid motion between an FLNG vessel and LNG carrier may play a critical role in side-by-side offloading operations in open seas. There have been many studies investigating aspects of gap resonance, a number of which have been focused on wider gaps (e.g. 12 m, 30 m) which may be less relevant to side-by-side offloading operations. In this study, we investigate resonant fluid motion in a narrow gap (i.e. 4 m) which is relevant to a typical side-by-side offloading configuration. Both numerical and wave basin tests are reported, and we consider round and square bilge cases. In the experiments, transient wave groups are used which avoids reflections from wave basin walls. Numerical models based on potential flow theory are developed using linear frequency domain, linear time domain and nonlinear time domain approaches. Unlike the majority of existing studies which have focused on reproduction of response amplitude operators, we attempt to reproduce the experimental time histories. This requires accuracy in simulating both amplitude and phase for each wave component, arguably providing a better guide as to whether the relevant physics has been captured in the models. In this study, vessels with identical shapes except for round and square bilges are investigated, and we find that different levels of damping beyond the radiation damping component are necessary to obtain good fits. The comparison between the numerical simulations and the experimental data reveals the difficulty in re-producing the time history of a resonant response with a combination of different resonant modes.
Semiclathrate Hydrate of Methane and Quaternary Ammonium Salts for Natural Gas Storage and Gas Separation
Authors: Gupta Pawan , Sangwai Jitendra S.
Published: March 2018

Methane is the smallest and cleanest burning fuel. It is found in the form of natural gas in which methane present in bulk but contains many impurities such as CO2, H2S which must be removed before being used by the consumer. In addition, it must be stored efficiently and transported economically. Gas hydrate is proposed to be one of the methods for storage, transportation and separation. A subclass of hydrate known as semiclathrate hydrate is capable of acting as a sieve for different sized gas molecules and have the capability to cohost smaller guest gases of specific size. Theses semiclathrate hydrate can be very useful for gas storage and multicomponent gas separation. In this work, a family of quaternary-ammonium salts such as tetra n-methyl/n-ethyl ammonium bromide (TMAB/TEAB) from the clan of tetra-alkyl ammonium bromide are examined at concentrations of 5wt% and 10 wt% for their phase stability along with the TBAB. Additionally, non-isothermal kinetics have been studied. Various experimental data have been obtained at different initial pressures of 8 MPa, 7.5 MPa, and 5.5 MPa to find out the influence of alkyl chain length on methane hydrate formation. It can be observed from experiential results that both TMAB and TEAB have shown thermodynamic inhibition as compared to TBAB. It can also be concluded from the phase stability curves that TBAB has more potential to aid in methane storage and separation than TMAB and TEAB at moderate pressure and temperature. An effect of carbon alkyl chain length is clearly seen on methane gas consumption. It has been witnessed that gas storage in hydrate increases with increase in the alkyl chain length of the salts. From this study, TBAB has found to be a more promising agent for gas processing and methane storage in the form of gas hydrate.
Identifying Shallow Water Flow in Offshore Malaysia Using Multicomponent Data and FWI Approach
Authors: Purnomo Eko Widi , Ghosh Deva Prasad
Published: March 2018

This paper presents the identify of the probably shallow water flow (SWF) conditions in offshore Malaysia by estimating and analyzing the compressional velocity (Vp), shear velocity (Vs), compressional attenuation (1/Qp), shear attenuation (1/Qs), and Density inverted from multicomponent seismic data using full waveform inversion (FWI). Vp, Vs, and Density were estimated through a join inversion of compressional PP and converted PS seismic data. The attenuation parameter is estimated from the quality factor Q which is derived using spectral ratio method. The estimated attenuation was used to build velocity model for inversion, based on the dispersion and attenuation theory. Kennett's full reflectivity inversion approach is used to achieve better velocity estimation especially at shallow (top-hole) zone where SWF typically occurs. Vp/Vs and Poisson's Ratio (rigidity) are then derived from inverted Vp, Vs and Density. The SWF is identified through some anomalies in inverted properties. A 2D multi-components seismic data from offshore Malaysia was used for study. The data is affected by gas clouds which result poor amplitude in some part of study area. The inversion result is considered well, showed by very good correlation between synthetic and real seismic data. Depth image of inverted properties showed good velocity estimation at shallow depth (0-500m). The inversion updated the initial velocity model quite well. Low density and anomalously low Vp and Vs were exhibited, indicated an unconsolidated sediments. Increasing Vp/Vs and Poisson's Ratio indicates that the unconsolidated sediments loss of cohesion due to the increase of pressure which is typical for over-pressured SWF sediment. However, it should be noted that, the seismic data used is an exploration (not a hazardous) data, and anomalous are found at relatively shallow depth (not more than 500 m in depth or about 400 ms in TWT). The inverted property's value may be varied for other data type or location.
Improvement of Field Operations with Automated Shortfall Management Based on Value
Authors: Mukhanov Akhan
Published: March 2018

This paper presents a holistic and repeatable workflow to assess in the economic context the value of decisions aimed at improving operations. This workflow focuses efforts on key root causes by considering the economic value of production volume shortfalls associated with downtimes. Also, the work reviews practical examples where business intelligence can lead to better decision making and project profitability. The workflow covers production engineering and operations, reserves planning, and economics.

The procedure involves capturing actual production; establishing performance targets, for instance, on the basis of a decline curve analysis; and logging nonproductive times according to a company-specific categorization. Next, you calculate an explained deferred production and then shortfall analysis. The detailed economic assessment considers various macro- and microeconomic aspects, in contrast to a basic evaluation with the working interest in the project and the oil price projection. Comparing target cash flows to actual cash flows enables identification of the incremental economic value, and this provides the information needed to create a value-driven action plan.

The suggested process highlights key reasons behind shortfalls, and the incremental economic analysis reveals them in the context of the project value. Consistent implementation of the workflow can aid in generating an effective action plan and tackling key root causes stemming from the variety of areas, including supply chain, design and innovation, and project execution.

When relating shortfall volumes to categorized nonproductive times, you can assess the potential improvement in the project value and profitability by comparing target and actual cash flows and reviewing economic indicators. Consideration of all economic aspects is an accurate approach towards quantifying the value of measures aimed at achieving additional volumes.

Automation of this workflow yields not only volume additions, but also a targeted improvement of business value, profitability, and other aspects important for stakeholders. The work contrasts in detail a full economic simulation to simple economics and classifies economic indicators. In addition to a workflow review, business intelligence is covered to demonstrate examples where this workflow brings value. The paper presents the need for holistic and streamlined decision-making guided with a business mindset.
Design and Evaluation of In-Situ Chemical Regeneration of Foam for Enhanced Oil Recovery EOR, 1D Foam Modelling- Malaysia's Offshore Oilfield
Authors: Sedaralit M Faizal , Saaid Ismail M. , Awang Mariyamni
Published: March 2018

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is one of the focus area for Malaysia's offshore oilfield (Yassin, A. A. M.: 1988, Hamdan M. K. et al: 2005 and Samsudin Y. et al: 2005) to unlock remaining oil inside the reservoir for recovery beyond waterflood, 30% (PE Hanbook, 1992), and as of January 2005, the average oil RF for Malaysia producing oil field is standing at 33% derived from 17.0 Bstb STOIIP, Samsudin, Y. et al (2005). The Malaysia's EOR processes studied were involved chemical, gas flooding and microbial which it has considered having the most practical aspects based on the characteristics of the oil; for light oils, facilities readiness and bundant of produced water and seawater. The most optimum EOR process is proposed for water-alternating-gas (WAG), Wan-Mohamad W.N. et al (2005) and Selamat S. B. et al (2008) and Abu Bakar M. et al (2011). This paper, is to provide an alternative solution for the WAG process by introducing chemicals into both water and gas slugs to further enhance displacement efficiencies. The study requirement was based on, firstly is to further enchance WAG process, secondly, WAG investment protection and thirdly, in overcoming the existing process of foam assisted WAG (FAWAG) limitations such as foam callapse and short propagation distances, Blaker T. et al (1999), Skauge A. et al (2002) and Aarra M.G. et al (2002) from Snorre field pilot experience. This process is called as an in-situ-FAWAG or icFAWAG and discussion focus is on 1D coreflood modelling, which the production matching quality is guided material balance under hybrid condition between alkali, acid and foam flooding. The production is derived from 1-meter coreflood or displacemnet result and meanwhile, the formulation (icFAWAG) properties are obtained from fluid-fluid result, tested in one of Malaysia oil producing field, which the field is undergoing WAG development. The physics and chemistry reactions was modeled using 2016 CMG STAR simulator. Amongst the key finding are, (1) the alternative process of foam flooding, icFAWAG formulation is capable to achieve higher oil recovery, 82.5% than WAG and FAWAG and this contributed by sweep efficiencies improvement, stable foam front, additional >5% RF, (2) reasonable material balance result was achieved based on average historical matching quality index (HMQI) result for oil, water, gas production and pressure, is at 0.5, and (3) Achieved fit-for-purpose icFAWAG modelling workflow and it consisted of 5 steps and the detail sub-workflows were established up-to level 3/4 descriptors. This workflow can be considered a hybrid process to cater 3 chemical reaction modelling; FAWAG (surfactant-gas), straight chemical flooding (A-SP) and acid.