bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-Velocity Civilian Gunshot Wounds of the Spine
Authors: Isiklar Z U , Lindsey R W
Published: April 2021

Spinal Trauma
The Effects of Bone Resorption Inhibitors on the Growth Plate and Proximal Tibial Metaphysis of Rats: Clinical Implications
Authors: Pazzaglia Ugo E , Andrini Luca , Leutner Monica , Di Nucci Amalia
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effects of diphosphonates at scalar doses in a high bone turnover structure, namely, the proximal tibial metaphysis of rats. Arrest of bone modeling was represented by cylindrical-shaped metaphyses, increased height of the perichondrial bone bark, and persistence of primary metaphyseal trabeculae; these changes were dose-related. Higher doses of the inhibitors produced extension of the growth plate and arrest of the mineralization process. The dose-related dissociation between the effects on bone resorption and mineralization allows the therapeutic use of this class of drugs.
Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Primary Osteoarthritis of the Hip: A Review of 41 Cases With 8 to 10 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Kindsfater Kirk A , Spitzer Andrew I , Schaffer Jonathan L , Scott Richard D
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article reports the results of 41 hips in 36 patients who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis of the hip. Surgical technique included a complete capsulectomy and light reaming of the acetabulum in all patients. The average follow-up was 8.9 years with a minimum of 8 years. Harris hip scores improved from 49 preoperatively to 93 at the latest follow-up, with 95% of the hips rated as excellent or good. Two patients had mild, intermittent groin pain, while a third developed recalcitrant pain necessitating revision. Migration of the bipolar cup was minimal with an average of 2.3 mm superior and 2.1 mm medial migration. Survivorship analysis demonstrated an 89.5% survival rate at 10 years.
Chondrocalcin as a Marker of Articular Cartilage Degeneration in Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knees
Authors: Kobayashi Tatsuo , Yoshihara Yasuo , Samura Atsuyoshi , Tanaka Osamu , Shimmei Wasayuki
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This study assessed articular cartilage deterioration and the effect of meniscal tears to evaluate the usefulness of chondrocalcin as a joint fluid marker in 43 patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. A significant correlation was found between the cartilage damage and time after injury. The high incidence of long longitudinal tears of the medial meniscus with increased cartilage damage, especially in chronic cases, suggests that this type of meniscal tear contributed to the deterioration of ACL-deficient knees. Chondrocalcin concentrations were found to have a significant correlation with cartilage damage.
Initial Stability Comparison of Modular Hip Implants in Synthetic Femurs
Authors: Lee Thay Q , Danto Michael I , Kim William C
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Synthetic femurs were used to assess the initial bone-implant interface stability of three total hip systems: Wright Medical Technology's Infinity smooth trochanteric module (S-TM), Infinity porous-coated trochanteric module (PC-TM), and Johnson and Johnson S-ROM with a porous surface. The hips were implanted into synthetic femurs, rigidly fixed, and subjected to internal rotation and cyclic, axial compressive loads. The results showed that all three implants achieved good initial implant stability and would be expected to permit bone ingrowth. The porous-coated implants showed greater initial implant stability with less axial micromotion compared with the smooth implants. This finding suggests that surface texture plays a role in initial stability of uncemented prostheses if the bone behaves similar to the material used in this study.
Extremity Handgun Injuries in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Stricker Stephen J , Volgas David A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The majority of gunshot wounds in the urban pediatric population are inflicted by handguns. This study reviewed the trauma center management of 66 handgun injuries to the upper and lower extremities among 51 children who were aged ≤16 years. As expected, gunshot wounds were more frequent in adolescent males and were usually intentional. About half of the children had police records prior to the gunshot wounds. Fifty-two percent of the extremity handgun injuries resulted in fractures, most commonly to the tibia or forearm. Seventy-nine orthopedic procedures were recorded with an average hospital stay of 4.3 days. Permanent morbidity was undoubtedly underestimated due to poor long-term follow-up.
Treatment of Fibrous Dysplasia Involving the Proximal Femur
Authors: Shih Hsin N , Chen Yeung J , Huang Tsung J , Hsu Kuo Y , Hsu Robert W W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Twenty-two patients with fibrous dysplasia in the femoral neck or trochanteric area were treated with curettage and bone grafting with a sliding hip compression screw and plate. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 6 years (average: 4 years). Fourteen patients had monostotic and 8 had polyostotic disease. Four patients had pathologic fractures. Bone grafting included a deep-frozen allogeneic cortical strut and cancellous bone. After implanting the lag screw and cortical strut, the remaining defect space was filled with iliac bone. Postoperatively, all patients had good bone healing and complete incorporation of the implanted graft. There were no recurrences or complications, and functional results were rated as good and excellent.
Contact Stresses With an Unresurfaced Patella in Total Knee Arthroplasty: The Effect of Femoral Component Design
Authors: Matsuda Shuichi , Ishinishi Takashi , Whiteside Leo A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Compressive contact stresses between the patella and the anterior femur were measured with a digital electronic sensor before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in 10 cadaver knee specimens. Contact stresses were measured first in normal knees, then after TKA with the Insall-Burstein Total Condylar, Miller Gafante II, Ortholoc II, Porous Coated Anatomic, and Profix knee prostheses implanted without resurfacing the patella.

The Insall-Burstein, Miller-Galante II, and Ortholoc Il prostheses had significantly higher contact stresses than the normal knee throughout the flexion arc. The Porous Coated Anatomic, which has a smooth patellar groove, maintained contact area as in the normal knee and did not have significantly higher contact stresses at flexion angles <90°. At flexion angles 3*105°, patellofemoral contact occurred in two small areas as the patella encountered the intercondylar notch in all components except the Profix. The Profix maintained full contact and low compressive stresses throughout the full flexion arc because of its posteriorly extended patellar groove.

Design features of the patellofemoral portion of TKA components are important factors that affect contact stresses in the patellofemoral joint. These features likely will affect the clinical results of TKA with an unresurfaced patella.
Factors Related to Hip Muscle Weakness Following Fixation of Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Matta Joel M , Olson Steven A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Two hundred twenty-five acetabular fractures treated surgically by one surgeon using a single surgical approach were reviewed to identify the incidence of clinically significant hip muscle weakness. Clinical grade of fair or poor and presence of radiographic signs of osteoarthritis were most strongly correlated with hip muscle weakness (P<.0001). Other factors related to muscle weakness were >21 days to repair, abdominal trauma, infection, avascular necrosis, heterotopic ossification resection, chest trauma, and head trauma. The presence of arthritis at follow-up increased the incidence of hip muscle weakness (46% [41 /89]; P<.0001 ) independent of surgical approach.
Cost Effectiveness of Outpatient Anticoagulant Prophylaxis After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Wade William E , Hawkins David W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Guidelines for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) prophylaxis have been developed for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Studies suggest that risk for developing these complications may exist for as long as 3 months following surgery. Cost-effectiveness analyses were performed on three pharmacoprophylaxis regimens administered over a 30-day period using literaturereported values for incidences of DVT and PE in patients postdischarge following THA. A cost savings of $21,466.89 will occur for each thromboembolic event avoided if low-dose warfarin daily is used routinely compared to enoxaparin 40 mg daily. Additionally, a cost savings of $1 8,61 8.1 0 is experienced if enoxaparin 40 mg daily for 4 days plus low-dose warfarin daily is administered versus enoxaparin 40 mg daily. Clinicians may choose to continue prophylaxis postdischarge with enoxaparin 40 mg daily for 4 days in combination with warfarin for 30 days in these patients until results of more definitive studies become available.
Single-Incision Technique for Internal Fixation of Distal Tibia and Fibula Fractures
Authors: Shantharam Sanagaram S , Naeni Fariborz , Wilson Eric P
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Open reduction and internal fixation of distal tibia and fibula fractures generally involves two separate incisions: an anteromedial incision to approach the tibia and a lateral incision to approach the fibula. Exposing the distal tibia from the medial side is associated with the risk of wound dehiscence, infection, and discomfort to the patient since the hardware is directly beneath the skin. By using a single incision from the anterolateral side, the fibular fracture can be fixed and the lateral aspect of the distal tibia can be safely approached for internal fixation, thus eliminating the need for two separate incisions.
Prosthesis Cost Containment in Total Joint Replacement: A Physician-Driven Free-Market Approach
Authors: Christo Anthony E , Bargar William L , Morris Edward
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

As an alternative to a limited vendor/volume discount approach, our hospital employed a physician-driven free market strategy aimed at reducing joint implant costs. Surgeons were provided with vendor pricing and peer profile comparisons of implant cost data and asked to select implants providing the best value based on patient need. Vendors were challenged to reduce prices where appropriate. Total savings based on the 19951 997 volume-adjusted cost difference were $1 ,059,1 59, a 1 7.5% decrease. These results demonstrate the possibility of reducing joint implant costs using a strategy that does not limit vendors or cap prices.
Silicone Block Interposition for Traumatic Bone Loss
Authors: Freund Ronald , Wolff Thomas W , Freund Barbara
Published: April 2021

In situations where bone is lost secondary to trauma, the use of a hand-carved silicone block provides good results. When bone grafting is undertaken, a well-defined membrane will have enveloped the implant. Incising the membrane allows easy block removal, and after freshening the bone ends, a cavity awaits the bone graft. This technique offers simplicity and adequate stability for therapy, and secondary bone grafting is facilitated by the created space.
Long-Term Mechanical Stability of the Impacted Morselized Graft-Cement Interface in Total Joint Replacement: An Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Stamos Konstantinos G , Karachalios Theophilos , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J , Xenakis Theodore , Korres Demetrios S , Koroneos Emilios , Hartofilakidis George
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This experimental study compared the long-term (12 months) mechanical stability of the morselized graftcement interface with the conventional bone-cement interface in both femoral bones of 1 0 adult dogs. For mechanical testing, three-point bending and push-out loading tests of composite bone-cement beams were used, while the incorporation of the graft was assessed by serial radiographs. Although the parameters fracture load and interface failure load showed inferior values in the specimens with a morselized graft-cement interface compared to those in specimens with a conventional bone-cement interface, no statistically significant differences were found between groups. Radiographic reconstitution of the lateral femoral cortex was observed in all animals at 3 months while signs of advanced remodeling were apparent at 6 months. These results indicate the long-term mechanical stability of the impacted morselized graft-cement interface is comparable to that of the conventional bone-cement interface created in primary total hip replacements provided the grafted area is protected from early heavy loading.
Risk Factors for Idiopathic Scoliosis: Review of a 6-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Soucacos Panayotis N , Zacharis Konstantinos , Soultanis Konstantinos , Gelalis John , Xenakis Theodore , Beris Alexandros E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This study identified factors associated with the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis and curve evolution in schoolchildren from northwestern and central Greece. A total of 85,627 children aged 9-15 years were screened for scoliosis. A subset of children with curves of at least 1 0° underwent clinical and radiographic follow-up. The total population screened and the cohort followed for curve progression were evaluated according to factors associated with curve evolution.

The prevalence of scoliosis was 1.7%, with most cases appearing at ages 13 and 14 years and small scoliotic curves (10°-19°) being most prevalent (prevalence 1.5%). Prevalence was associated with gender; age; and magnitude, apex, and direction of the curve. Progression of the curve occurred in 1 4.7% of 839 children, while 27.4% demonstrated spontaneous improvement of at least 5°. A high risk of curve progression was associated with the following: sex - girls, curve pattern - right thoracic and double curves in girls and right lumbar in boys, maturity - girls before the onset of menses, age - time of pubertal growth spurt, and curve magnitude - curves 2=30°. Although only a small percentage of scoliotic curves undergo progression, the pattern of the curve according to curve direction and the sex of the child plays a significant role in the ability to identify which curves will progress.
Evaluation of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices
Authors: Whitelaw George P , Oladipo Olarewaju J , Shah Binod P , DeMuth Karen A , Coffman Jay , Segal David
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Venous blood flow rate in the lower extremity after applying different pneumatic compression devices was evaluated. Five healthy individuals, aged 21-35, were recruited for this study. The ability of six different pneumatic compression devices to increase femoral venous blood flow velocity was analyzed and compared to that of active and passive foot dorsiflexion. Baseline venous blood flow velocity was measured using an ATL Duplex Doppler before leg compression. Venous blood flow velocity was then monitored before, during, and after each compression cycle.

Average peak venous velocity increased >200% on dorsiflexion of the ankle. Among the investigated devices, the increase in venous velocity varied significantly. Design of compression chambers enabling compression on the lateral and medial aspects of the calf produced an increase in venous velocity closest to active foot dorsiflexion. Foot compression devices produced the smallest increase in venous velocity.

The relative effectiveness of pneumatic compression devices, particularly with respect to increasing venous blood flow in the lower extremity, may correlate well with how closely the device simulates the physiologic contraction of the calf muscles. Clinical trials are needed to further compare the effectiveness of these devices, as other less readily measured factors play a role in thromboprophylaxis.
Tibial Nails for Femoral Shaft Fractures in Adolescents: "Off-Label" Usage
Authors: Tortolani P Justin , Ain Michael C , Miller Nancy H , Brumback Robert J , Sponseller Paul D
Published: April 2021

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head following intramedullary fixation of pediatric femur fractures is a rare but catastrophic complication. To avoid this complication, adult tibial nails can be inserted lateral to the tip of the trochanter for the treatment of femoral diaphyseal fractures in patients with open physes.
Degenerative Spondyloarthropathy of the Cervical and Lumbar Spine in Jockeys
Authors: Tsirikos Athanassios , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J , Giannakopoulos Panagiotis N , Boscainos Peter J , Zoubos Aristides B , Kasseta Maria , Nikiforidis Panayiotis A , Korres Demetrios S
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This prospective study analyzed the long-term effects of horse riding on the cervical and lumbar spine of jockeys. Thirty-two jockeys were observed for 13 years. All jockeys had clinical and radiographic evaluation of the spine; three consecutive age groups were studied. Results were compared to age-matched, normal population control groups. The incidence of degenerative changes of the spine was higher in the jockeys compared with the control groups and was more prominent in the older age group for both the lumbar and cervical spine. These findings suggest that equestrian sports, particularly professional horse riding, apart from the increased risk of direct spinal injury caused by a fall from the horse, can lead to progressive spine degeneration as a result of repetitive trauma and increased physical stress on the spine.
Safety of a Clinical Surveillance Protocol With 3- and 6-Week Warfarin Prophylaxis After Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Goldstein Wayne M , Jimenez Matthew L , Bailie David S , Wall Robin , Branson Jill
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The charts of 1869 patients were reviewed for the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Prophylaxis consisted of 3 (group 1; n=1235) or 6 (group 2; n=634) weeks low-dose warfarin, pneumatic compression boots worn by patients in the hospital, mobilization on the first postoperative day, and a clinical surveillance protocol. Venous ultrasound or ventilation/perfusion lung scintigraphy (V/Q) was performed only if patients became symptomatic.

In group 1 , duplex ultrasound was performed on 216 patients. Twenty-three (1.8%) patients were positive for DVT. Ventilation/perfusion lung scintigraphy was performed on 25 patients, and 5 (0.4%) patients were positive for pulmonary embolism. In group 2, 117 patients were evaluated for DvT, and 1 9 (3%) patients had positive results determined by ultrasound. Twentyfive patients were evaluated with V/Q, and only 1 (0.1 6%) patient was positive for pulmonary embolism. No patient developed a fatal pulmonary embolism or postphlebitic syndrome. This prophylaxis protocol is an efficient and cost-effective method for the prevention of significant events after surgery.
Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Major Orthopedic Surgery and Blood-Saving Techniques
Authors: Dehne Marius G , Mühling Jörg , Sablotzki Armin , Nopens Heike , Hempelmann Gunter
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime, cefotiam, clamandole, and ampicillin/sulbactam were randomly measured in 40 patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery associated with high blood and volume turnover and intraoperative blood salvage. Serum and bone concentrations and the pharmacokinetics occurring in the context of these procedures were measured. No changes in elimination half-life relative to a normal population occurred with cefuroxime, cefotiam, and ampicillin. Serum and tissue concentrations were slightly lower with cefamandole and sulbactam, but reapplication of the initial dose was required with all antibiotics 4 hours after the first application.
Use of Audiotapes for Patient Education, Medical Record Documentation, and Informed Consent in Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Krackow Kenneth A , Buyea Cathy M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Since 1992, the authors have audiotaped each new patient visit and provided a copy of that tape to the patient. In addition, an office copy of the entire patient interaction is maintained in an office file. One hundred twelve patients seen over a 6-month period participated in a survey measuring their satisfaction with this procedure, and six attorneys were surveyed after listening to a representative tape. Ninety percent of patients had positive comments about receiving the tape. Seventy percent played the tape for others, most commonly their spouses. The attorneys concluded the patient was well served by this process, and there were no increased malpractice issues or exposure. The cost of providing patients with the tapes is minimal, and the high level of patient satisfaction and increased understanding offer a considerable benefit to patients and office staff.
Results of Neurilemoma Treatment: A Review of 78 Cases
Authors: Lee Sang Hoon , Jung Hong Geun , Park Young Cheon , Kim Han-Soo
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Between 1984 and 1994, a total of 78 patients underwent surgery for neurilemoma of the trunk or extremities. The incidence according to the involved nerve was analyzed and the follow-up results and complications after surgical treatment were reviewed. The median nerve was most frequently involved among 1 5 different nerves. Marginal excision was performed in 70 (90%) patients, incisional biopsy in 6 (8%), and wide excision in 2 (2%). Postoperative complications were paresthesia in 7 patients. There was no recurrence or malignant transformation until the average 47 months of followup. In most patients, marginal excision was sufficient to prevent local recurrence and did not impair nerve function significantly.
Hand Infections in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Connor Ronald W , Kimbrough Robert C , Dabezies Eugene J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Fifty diabetic patients with hand infections were studied retrospectively. The cause of infection varied, and the infections were divided into two groups: superficial infections and abscesses. The amputation rate was 14%. Only patients who presented with an abscess required amputation, and of those patients with abscesses, 1 7.5% required amputation. Eighteen of 38 cultured infections were polymicrobial, 4 contained Enterococcus, 11 contained gram-negative bacteria, and 3 contained anaerobic organisms. Bactériologie culture analysis initiated a two-drug protocol: ampicillin with sulbactam (Unasyn; Pfizer, New York, NY) or piperacillin with tazobactam (Zosyn; Lederle, Pearl River, NY) and gentamicin (renal adjusted).
A 4- to 10-Year Follow-Up Study of the Tricon-M Noncemented Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Faraj Adnan A , Nevelos A B , Nair A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This study reviews the clinical and radiographic results of 207 consecutive noncemented Tricon-M (Smith & Nephew Ine, Memphis, Tenn) total knee replacements (TKRs) in 1 89 patients. The patella was surfaced in 1 1 9 cases, and mean follow-up was 8 years (range: 4-10 years). At final follow-up, mean Hospital for Special Surgery score improved 45 points in 187 cases. Survivorship, with failure defined as the need for revision, was 98% at 4 years, 97% at 7 years, 94% at 8 years, and 90% at 10 years. Twenty-one (11.3%) patients went on to revision. Results for overweight and obese patients did not differ significantly from normalweight patients. The noncemented Tricon-M TKR prosthesis yields acceptable results; however, patella surfacing and the use of a tibial polyethylene insert ≥12 mm thick are recommended.
BSN vs. Non-BSN Students and Success in Graduate Study
Authors: Sime A Marilyn , Corcoran Sheila A , Libera Mary B
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In this study, the entry and progression characteristics of graduate students (nurses) with baccalaureate degrees in fields other than nursing (non-BSN) were compared to characteristics of students whose baccalaureate degrees were in nursing (BSN). Subjects were students enrolled in the Graduate School at the University of Minnesota majoring in Nursing. Analyses showed that BSN and non-BSN students did not differ with respect to the entry or progression measures used. All non-BSN students who have been admitted have been successful in graduate study. The results of this study suggest the feasibility of serving the non-BSN population at the graduate level under certain circumstances.
The Selection of Clinical Learning Experiences in the Nursing Curriculum
Authors: Haukenes Eline , Mundt Mary Hollahan
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article presents a model for the selection of clinical learning experiences in nursing curricula. Three groups of factors are proposed as affecting the decision making process. These are the 1) nature of nursing, 2) health needs of populations, and 3) nature of the educational environment. The authors urge a systematic approach to the identification and selection of clinical learning experiences.
Test Anxiety in Master's Students: A Comparative Study
Authors: Barnes Ruby G
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Evaluation events are major problems for graduate students in nursing. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of test anxiety before and cognitive interferences during a comprehensive examination. The sample (N=54) consisted of two groups of students (Group I, N=SO and Group II, N=24) in a master's program at a state university. Data were collected using three questionnaires: To measure general test anxiety, the Test Anxiety Questionnaire (TAQ) by Sarason was used; the Pre-Examination Questionnaire (PEQ) by Morris, Davis, and Hutchings (1981) was used to measure pretest anxiety; and to identify cognitive interferences during the examination, the Cognitive Interference Questionnaire (CIQ) by Sarason and Stoops (1976) was used. Findings revealed positive correlations between the two groups of students' general test anxiety and their cognitive interferences about evaluative outcome of the examination. Positive correlations were found also between the two groups' general test anxiety and their pretest anxiety immediately prior to writing the examination. No significant relationships were found between the students' performance rankings on the examination and their test anxiety.
Strategy for Teaching Evaluation Research in Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing
Authors: Austin Joan K , Opie Nancy D , Frazier Hilda A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The evaluation research course presented in this paper is one strategy for introducing needed evaluation research content at the graduate level in nursing. The course was developed for students who were in their final semester of completing requirements for an MSN degree with a major in psychiatric/mental health nursing. To provide for active involvement in the evaluation research process, students evaluated a psychotherapy group in which they were therapists. The theoretical framework for both class content and the evaluation research project was based on Bloch's extension of Donabedian's approach to evaluation. Using the theoretical framework as a guide, students investigated both process and outcome as well as the relationship between process and outcome.

Students reported that the knowledge and skills gained were valuable to their clinical practice. On the other hand, students found the course to be very demanding and difficult to complete in a 15 week period. One unexpected benefit, however, was that the course helped students to understand group process better.
Social Problems Encountered by Public Health Nurses: Identification and Response Differences According to Education and Experience
Authors: Vincent Pauline , Davis Joseph
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Do nurses differ in relation to the identification of social problems and actions taken according to educational preparation? Using data from a larger field study, baccalaureate nurses (BSNs) were compared to Non-BSNs. The two groups did not differ in the number of problems that were identified, but BSNs did identify more problems related to non-immediate needs. The nurses took up to ten actions (x = 4.6) per problem, and the average number per BSN was less than the average per Non-BSN. The data lend some support to the position that BSNs are more likely to be selfassured and self-directed. Several questions are raised that are relevant to educators and administrators.
A Comparison of Algorithmic and Teacher-Directed Instruction in Dosage Calculation Presented Via Whole and Part Methods for Associate Degree Nursing Students
Authors: Connor Sara E , Tillman Murray H
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The accurate calculation of drug dosages is a critical skill for nurses. This study compared two different treatments, algorithmic-based instruction (ABI) and teacher-directed instruction (TDI), as ways of providing instruction in dosage calculation. The ABI treatment relied exclusively on the use of a written study guide with algorithms, whereas the TDI treatment utilized lecture. Both treatments included an equal number of practice sessions structured via a whole or part method.

The sample included 55 nursing students who were randomly assigned to either the whole or part method, and to TDI or ABI treatment. Initial learning and retention were measured by the use of two post-tests.

Analysis of covariance indicated that neither of the treatments nor methods were statistically different for initial learning or retention. Both treatments, however, were found to be effective. The ABI treatment, moreover, was very efficient since it eliminated 75 minutes of instruction presented by a lecturer. Implications of this finding are considered.
Student Evaluation of the School Program
Authors: Ziv Liora , Ehrenfeld M , Hadani P Ever
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The main goal of this study was to obtain students' satisfaction of their curriculum in order to obtain additional information for reviewing the curriculum.

An instrument was constructed, based on materials found in the literature and questions formulated by the faculty. After 110 nursing students answered the questionnaires, the questionnaires were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation, Cronbach alpha and anova methods. Another section was content-analyzed for students' recommendations for curriculum improvements.

The results indicated overall student satisfaction with the curriculum. However, students suggested some changes, the main recommendation being the enlargement of certain clinical experiences and the strengthening of the integration of theory into the clinical field. They also suggested they would like to be exposed to more patients at a time, to practice complicated skills and procedures in special units and to have smaller clinical groups.

Among the positive aspects mentioned by students were: interest in subject matter, communication with the faculty, the school atmosphere and the school's granting a baccalaureate degree and preparing them for a practical profession.
Developing National Guidelines for Nurse Practitioner Education: An Overview of the Product and the Process
Authors: Price Martha J , Martin Angela C , Newberry Yvonne G , Zimmer Phyllis A , Brykczynski Karen A , Warren Brigid
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

In 1988, the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties appointed an ad hoc education committee (AHEC) to review existing nurse practitioner (NP) education curricula and to formulate national guidelines. An overview of the new NP guidelines are presented along with the philosophy, content, objectives, and competencies that are viewed as the foundation for NP education today. The guidelines are presented within the structure outlined in Brykczynski's (1985) research about NP practice. Thus, as a "product" of the Advanced Nursing Practice: Nurse Practitioner Curriculum Guidelines (NPCG), a new NP graduate for the 1990s could be described as one who demonstrates beginning competencies in primary health care theory and research within the five domains of practice identified by Brykczynski.
Linking Theory and Practice in Teaching Basic Nursing Skills
Authors: Smith Blenda E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

In an attempt to integrate theory and practice in baccalaureate nursing education, students were taught nursing skills with two cognitive strategies (Vee heuristics and concept maps) that consciously identify and reinforce connections between scientific theory and practice. The research showed that students using Vee heuristics and concept maps, rather than traditional modes, were significantly better able to identify scientific principles to describe why specific steps of a nursing skill were done.
The Professional Self-Concepts of Nursing Undergraduates and Their Perceptions of Influential Forces
Authors: Kelly Brighid
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article explores the professional self-concepts of senior nursing undergraduates and their perceptions of the most significant forces that influenced the process. The method was qualitative; a grounded theory approach was used. The sample included 23 senior baccalaureate nursing students in their final clinical rotation prior to graduation. Audiotaped interviews were analyzed through the constant comparative method. Informants overwhelmingly perceived themselves as caring. They valued professional competence and many identified a lack of confidence in their skills. Caring qualities, caring role models, and qualities of the role models are listed.
A Comparison of RN-to-BSN Completion Graduates to Generic BSN Graduates: Is There a Difference?
Authors: Chornick Nancy L , Chornick Nancy L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This study compares RN-to-BSN completion graduates and generic BSN graduates in frequency of critical nursing activities performed when caring for patients and in degree of commitment to the profession. Results indicate that RN-to-BSN completion graduates perform in a manner similar to generic BSN graduates; however, RN-to-BSN graduates more frequently demonstrated professional commitment such as attending continuing education programs, and furthering their education. These findings support not only the current RN-to-BSN completion education programs but also the value of this cohort to the nursing profession.
IPRs Revisited: Using Process Recordings to Develop Nursing Students' Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Cox Ruth P
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Professional nurses must possess critical thinking skills to practice in contemporary health care systems. This paper describes the adaptation of an established strategy for helping students organize their thoughts-the interpersonal process recording (IPR)-to develop nureing students' critical thinking skills. The Critical Thinking-IPB encouragea a systemic, theory-based approach to client problems, enables students to become self-directed learners, and engages student and teacher in analytic dialogue about clinical nursing problems.
A Critical Pedagogy for Family Nursing
Authors: Hartrick Gwen
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Little consideration has been given to the philosophical tenets that underlie existing family nursing theory and practice and that ultimately influence the content and process of family nursing education. This article emphasizes the importance of students and faculty engaging in a critical analysis of family nursing theory and practice. A pedagogical approach that employs phenomenology, feminism, and critical social theory as observational lenses for examining the ontology and epistemology of family nursing is described.

While family nursing is coming to be recognized as an essential element of any nursing curriculum, family nursing pedagogy is in its infancy. Family nurse educators are currently working toward developing curricula and educative processes that will furnish students with a theoretical (scientific) base for family nursing practice and will provide them with opportunities to develop the practice skills they need to work with families (Hanson & Heims, 1992; Wright & Bell, 1989). However, little consideration has been given to examining the philosophical tenets that underlie existing family nursing theory and practice and that ultimately influence the content and process of family nursing education (Richards & Lansberry, 1995).

This article asserts that critical analysis of family nursing theory and practice is integral to family nursing pedagogy and must be a primary consideration in the advancement of family nursing education. The discussion is in two parts. Part I highlights the importance of a critical analysis of family nursing theory and practice including both ontological and epistemological inquiries. Part II describes a critical pedagogy of family nursing that addresses both ontology and epistemology.
Evaluation of Service Learning in a School of Nursing: Primary Care in a Community Setting
Authors: Simoni Patricia S , McKinney Judith A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The evolving system of health care delivery, emphasizing prevention and early intervention, presents challenges to schools that educate health care professionals. Nursing faculty in a rural mid-Atlantic state initiated a service-learning project, relating education and service through primary care in the surrounding community. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the project outcomes.

The 45 students involved in the project responded to Beliefs Related to Professional Nursing Competencies, a quantitative measure (Cronbach's alpha = .84), based on the Pew Health Commission's "Competencies Needed by Practitioners for 2005," and to a second measure, Qualitative Questions for Students in Service Learning. Results of quantitative analysis revealed subjects' acceptance of the competencies as nursing responsibilities. Qualitative analysis revealed that students were involved in increasing consumer access to community-based primary care; curricula relating learning to existing problems and rewarding critical thinking was evident; and students were receiving preparation for a health care environment that will rely on their ability to respond to its changing needs.
Primary Health Care and Partnerships: Collaboration of a Community Agency, Health Department, and University Nursing Program
Authors: Leonard Linda G
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Health care reform proposals emphasize health care that is essential, practical, scientifically sound, coordinated, accessible, appropriately delivered, and affordable. One route to achievement of improved health outcomes within these parameters is the formation of partnerships. Partnerships adopting the philosophy and five principles of Primary Health Care (PHC) focus on health promotion and prevention of illness and disability, maximum community participation, accessibility to health and health services, interdisciplinary and intersectorai collaboration, and use of appropriate technologies such as resources and strategies. A community service agency serving a multicultural population initiated a partnership with a health department and a university undergraduate nursing program. The result was a preschool health fair and there were benefits for each partner - benefits which could not have been realized without the collaboration. The health fair partnership planning, implementation, and evaluation process was guided by a framework shaped by the philosophy and five principles of PHC. The educational process described can be applied to other learning experiences where the goal is to help students understand and apply the concepts of PHC, develop myriad nursing competencies, and form collaborative relationships with the community and health agencies. Community health care dilemmas and nursing education challenges can be successfully addressed when various disciplines and sectors form effective partnerships.
Enabling Student Nurses to Use the Information Superhighway
Authors: Bachman Jean A , Panzarine Susan
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Nursing graduates must be sophisticated in the use of information technologies and understand how these technologies interface with various health care systems. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of a newly developed Internet course, focusing on current information technologies, on 20 RN-to-MSN students. Author-developed instruments were used to measure weekly computer use, perceived computer skill, and knowledge related to the information superhighway. The Strange & Brodt Nurses Attitudes Toward Computerization Questionnaire was used to assess attitudes toward computerization. Qualitative data was elicited using weekly evaluation forms. When compared to 23 students at a similar stage of their nursing program, quantitative findings indicated that, at the end of the semester, students in the pilot course had more computer knowledge, reported greater computer skill, and used computers more. Qualitative findings suggested that pilot students:

* Were connected with nursing networks and expressed their intent to maintain these networks.

* Were able to use current health information found on the Internet in their nursing practices.

* Used skills learned in the pilot class to complete projects in other classes.

* Communicated with classmates via the Internet, thus forming a potentially valuable professional support system.

* Used the library and librarians early in their programs.

* Understood the relevancy of telemedicine and the Internet to the future survival of nursing in a changing health care arena.

While the authors caution that an adequate infrastructure must be available to support such an endeavor, they emphasize that knowledge of the relevancy and use of the information superhighway is crucial to the future survival of nursing in a rapidly changing health care arena.
Portfolio: Authentic Assessment in the Age of the Curriculum Revolution
Authors: Wenzel Lisa Schnepper , Briggs Karen Lunke , Puryear Barbara L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article provides an extensive review of the literature on portfolio use in education. There is a gap in the literature related to portfolio use in nursing education. Portfolios are one method of authentic assessment, showing evidence of student growth and achievement over time. Development of the student portfolio promotes collaboration between student and faculty. The Integrated Proficiency-Criterion (IPC) framework is one proposed method for portfolio development and evaluation, using Benner's stages of proficiency and NLN criteria for accreditation of baccalaureate nursing programs.
The Reticent Student: Implications for Nurse Educators
Authors: Leonard Teresa C , Johnson Joyce Y
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Nursing education bas recently begun to shift to a more emancipatory learning format. In accord with Freiré, many nursing classrooms currently use dialogical teaching approaches as an integral part of the education process. There are many students unable to share in the process of dialogue because of reticence. Reticence is a personality quality in which a person is reluctant to speak. While dialogue appears to be a way to promote learning and is intended to result in emancipation for students, it may result in subjugation for the shy, reticent student. The literature does not provide information regarding the impact of reticence on the student in higher education, particularly the student in a profeesional program. This article discusses the impact of reticence on the learning experiences of nursing· students and the effects of classroom dynamics and teaching methodologies used with nursing students.
Evaluation of an Educational Game for Health Sciences Students
Authors: Ingram Carolyn , Ray Karen , Landeen Janet , Keane David R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

An educational game was developed to promote student problem solving in the context of small group, problem-based learning (PBL). This study evaluated the game's effects on hypothesis and issue generation in PBL.

Students in the Year III PBL course of a BScN program (¿V = 131) were stratified by program status and then randomly assigned to groups of 9 to 11 people per group. Half of the groups were randomly assigned to use the game (G); the remaining groups used the conventional method (CM) of generating issues and hypotheses. The G and CM groups crossed over for Term II.

A Term I posttest demonstrated G groups had a higher proportion of accurate responses (85%) than CM groups (74%). A Term II posttest demonstrated no important differences between G and CM groups, suggesting the educational impact of the game persisted after students stopped using it. Strengths and limitations of the game as a learning aid also are addressed.
Classroom Assessment: Linking Teaching and Learning
Authors: Melland Helen I , Volden Cecilia Misialek
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Formative evaluation can provide valuable data when evaluating student learning and the teaching strategies being used. Classroom assessment techniques as developed by Angelo and Cross are a type of formative assessment which involve ongoing assessment of student learning and assist faculty in selecting teaching techniques that are most effective in particular settings with specific groups of students. Classroom assessment techniques with applications to specific nursing education situations are included.
A Pilot Study to Compare the Effectiveness of Preceptored and Nonpreceptored Models of Clinical Education in Promoting Baccalaureate Students' Competence in Public Health Nursing
Authors: Brehaut Carol J , Turik Lori J , Wade Karen E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Preceptor models in nursing have only recently begun to be evaluated, and the published results of their effectiveness are inconsistent and inconclusive. To date, the preceptor evaluation studies found in nursing literature refer to clinical practice in hospitals.

This descriptive correlational pilot study (N - 25) compared the effectiveness of preceptored and nonpreceptored models of clinical nursing education in promoting baccalaureate nursing students' competence in public health nursing. The study also compared the learning experiences of students in the two models.

Findings from the study revealed that although students in both models reported similar numbers of learning experiences, there were some differences in the types of experiences obtained. Students in both models demonstrated significant gains in perceptions of clinical competence during the 12-week experience. However, there was no significant difference found between the two groups in gain in perceived clinical competence.
Faculty Practice: How It Enhances Teaching
Authors: Good Doreen M , Schubert Carolyn R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article is a presentation of the two authors' views on faculty practice and how both have operationalized the practice option. Both describe how the practice option has positively affected their teaching and their students' learning in a university baccalaureate nursing program located in the midwestern United States. The authors are full-time, master's prepared faculty members who have been in the faculty practice track for 2 years. Both teach in the junior year of a 4-year baccalaureate program. The first author (D. M. G.) is a staff nurse who works in a community hospital and serves on the hospital's clinical nursing research committee. The second author (C.R.S.) is a clinical research nurse coordinator who performs and manages pharmaceutical trials at multiple inpatient and outpatient locations. In this article, the authors examine faculty practice in general and the various models currently used. In addition, they explain their individual academic positions, the duties and responsibilities accompanying each of their practice roles, and the integration of those practice experiences into their clinical and classroom learning.