bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DOUBT AND DISENGAGEMENT: TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES OF DIGITAL DISCONNECTION
Authors: Plaut Ethan , Mannell Kate , Kania-Lundholm Magdalena , Beattie Alex
Published: August 2020

When people distrust media systems, one response is to disconnect. This emergent theme within internet research encompasses technologies, practices, discourses, and politics of disconnection. Furthering these discussions, this panel draws together four investigations into technologies and practices of digital disconnection. Each paper interrogates a different form of disconnection and considers the various elements of trust and/or mistrust they reflect.

Two of the papers focus on forms of disconnection centered around avoidance. One takes up the problem of digital propaganda and the associated declining trust in online media systems. It argues that informational avoidance in the form of ‘strategic illiteracies’ might open new spaces for resistance to misinformation. The other paper considers the challenge of managing personal availability in a context where mobile communication creates expectations of continual availability. It investigates the discursive practices that young adults use to avoid others and argues that these practices rest on implicit systems of trust.

The remaining two papers consider how neoliberal discourses of self-improvement shape disconnective practices and technologies. They investigate forms of disconnection that are based around consumption choices and technology design. In both papers, disconnection is driven by growing distrust in dominant modes of technology design, specifically, their cognitive impacts. In response, the disconnective practices and technologies discussed in these papers place their trust in individualised, and often technological, solutions.

Overall, the panel contributes to scholarly debate around disconnection by considering new forms of disconnection, their role in our contemporary media environment, and the forms of trust and mistrust they reflect.
VPNs AND ENCRYPTION AS BOUNDARY OBJECTS OF THE INTERNET: (MIS)TRUST IN THE TRANSLATION(S)
Authors: Heemsbergen Luke , Molnar Adam
Published: August 2020

How do users come to trust VPNs? How do they understand end-to-end encrypted messaging technologies? This paper aims to answer these questions by considering VPNs and e2e encryption as boundary objects of the internet pertinent to study (dis)trust in the system. Our aim is to follow Star’s clarification of boundary objects as entities that people act towards (or with) in relation to their own communities of practice via a feminist approach to technology studies, which for Star, linked lived experience, technologies, and silences in ways that proved political. We add to the literature in three ways: empirically unpacking VPNs and e2e encryption as boundary objects that tack back and forth between the technical and abstract, which is novel for the literature; an exegesis of boundary objects ‘on’ the internet to consider conceptualizing objects ‘of’ the internet, which opens a fruitful reconfiguration for internet research; and shedding light on the ways that symbolic registers of technology have profound implications for socio-material practices. Our work suggests the back-and-forth ‘tacking’ of abstract to concrete does not manifest as universal and singular, but is made manifest from multiple community vantage points. This complexification shows how digital objects of the internet feed and are fed by multiple use cases and relational practices across commercial, security, rights based, and identity practices that they underpin, undercut or act upon. Users trusting the politics of one case may miss a need to police the other; we conclude by contextualizing these concerns for future research ‘of’ the internet.
FAKE NEWS DURING NATURAL DISASTER: INFORMATION FLOW, NEWS PRACTICES AND FACT-CHECKING IN INDONESIA
Authors: Kwanda Febbie Austina , Lin Trisha T. C.
Published: August 2020

After an earthquake and tsunami struck Palu city and its surrounding areas in Indonesia on September 28, 2018, fake news were rampantly circulated on online platforms. To address lack of studies on how fake news during natural disaster is handled through working process of news and fact-check professionals in Indonesia, this study aims to examine how fake news during natural disaster were handled by news and fact-check professionals in Indonesia.

Primarily built from multilevel analyses of Hierarchy of Influences Model (HOI), this study analyzed four dimensions that shaped news information. Key codes for this study are under individual factors (i.e. personal trait and professional value), routine (i.e. information gathering, information processing, information distribution and fact-checking), organizational factors (i.e. editorial policies and organizational culture) and social institution (government and third party fact-checking organization).

Through a mixed-method approach, web-observation examines the information flow of selected Palu fake news cases to provide overview on development of each case, including responses from government, media, fact-check organizations and the public. Next, in-depth interview will examine how news professionals from both traditional news media and web-only news media along with how third party fact-checkers handled Palu fake news.

Theoretically, this study expands HOI’s multilevel applications to investigate how news and fact-check professionals in Indonesia handled Palu fake news. Practically, the findings will shed light for news and fact-check professionals to assess and improve their practices in handling fake news. This work-in-progress research will finish data collection in March 2019, followed by data analysis in April.
HOW DOES CRYSTAL KNOW? FOLK THEORIES AND TRUST IN PREDICTIVE ALGORITHMS THAT ASSESS INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY AND COMMUNICATION PREFERENCES
Authors: Liao Tony
Published: August 2020

In recent years, there has been a rise in predictive algorithms that focus on individual preferences and psychometric assessments. The idea is that an individual social media presence may give off unconscious cues or indicators of a person's personality. While there has been a growing body of research into people's reactions, perceptions, and folk theories of how algorithms work, there has been a growing need for research into these hyper-personal algorithms and profiles. This study focuses on a company called CrystalKnows, which purports to have the largest database of personality profiles in the world, many of which are generated without an individual's explicit consent. Through qualitative interviews (n=31) with people after being presented with their own profile, this study explores how people perceive the profiles, where they believe the information is coming from, and what contexts they would be comfortable with their profile being used. Crystal profiles also contain predictions about how people will communicate and potentially work together in teams with people of other personality dispositions, which also raises concerns about inaccurate assessments or discrimination based on these profiles. The findings from this study and how people rationalize these algorithms not only builds on our understanding of algorithmic perception and folk theories, but also has important practical implications for the trust in these systems and the continued deployment of hyper-personal predictive algorithms.
PERSONAL INFORMATION ARCHIVING: BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES TO THE PERCEPTION OF RISK
Authors: Lin Chang , Jacobson Jenna , McEwen Rhonda
Published: August 2020

The paper investigates the factors that influence perceptions of online risk and the consequential behavioural responses to those perceptions. Using Bates’ theory of information behaviour, we focus on online protection strategies and digital archiving as a specific instantiation and manifestation of information behaviour and analyze how factors, such as perceptions of online risk and self-reported internet skills, have consequences for information behaviours.

The study uses semi-structured interview data (n=101) collected from East York, Toronto. We asked about individuals’ perception of risk online, self-reported internet skills, protective measures when going online, and digital archiving practices. Our findings identify a nuanced relationship between perceptions and behaviours. The results offer an alternate perspective on online information behaviour that departs from traditional classifications that rely on _demographics_. We offer a refinement to the definitions of information behaviour by Bates (2010) and Fisher and Julien (2009) to include factors that modify behaviours, and develop a user typology relating specifically to perceptions of risk online.
FANGIRLS AND FAKE NEWS: DIGITAL ETHNOGRAPHY AND THE AFFECTS OF FANDOM
Authors: McCann Hannah , Southerton Clare
Published: August 2020

This paper draws on a digital ethnography conducted via Twitter, of a controversial subnetwork of fans of boyband One Direction known as “Larries”. The Larry fandom is built around imagining a romantic relationship exists between One Direction band members Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson, referred to by the portmanteau “Larry”. Imagining relationships between celebrities is a controversial practice known in fan communities as “Real Person Slash” (RPS). For this practice Larries have been framed within popular media as conspiracy theorists. Our study sought to examine whether a more complex and nuanced understanding of the fandom was possible, particularly regarding relationships and community building in this fandom. Through digital ethnographic methods, we explored how the practices of Larries create a space in which new and unexpected desires, identities, intimacies and relations are constituted. Between March and July 2018, we followed approximately 490 public accounts, kept a fieldnote diary, and conducted semi-structured interviews with seven active users via direct messenger. Conducting observations on a daily basis over an extended period as regular fans would, we became privy to the highs, lows, excitement, and tensions of the group, that may be otherwise obscured. This study raises questions about what might be missed in studying controversial groups at a macro level only. This paper considers the benefits of undertaking qualitative digital ethnographic work and discuss the affective flows of digital networks on social media that might remain obscured by other digital methods.
‘SMART WAKE UP’ AND ‘BINAURAL BEATS’: SLEEP APPS AND THE ACOUSTIC MODULATION OF SLEEP-WAKE RHYTHMS
Authors: Nansen Bjorn , O'neill Christopher
Published: August 2020

Sleep has become a site of daily monitoring via internet technologies, including mobile applications and wearable devices, as part of a wider normalisation of internet economies and cultural practices of self-tracking and datafication. This article contributes to the critical analysis of datafied sleep by analysing features in the most popular sleep apps.

This analysis revealed a diverse range of functions for tracking and analysing sleep patterns, as well as features to promote relaxation and rest. In doing so, sleep apps remediate the monitoring technologies of the sleep science lab – polysomnography, actigraphy – to make claims for accuracy and efficacy. Yet, the analysis also revealed how sleep apps go beyond simply monitoring sleep patterns by directly intervening in sleep-wake rhythms through two key acoustic features: the ‘smart wake up’ alarm function, and the ‘binaural beats’ sound frequency function. We show how these features operate to organise transitions between waking and sleeping states by directly intervening in and modulating sleep-wake rhythms. In doing so, we argue that these functions draw on histories of both sleep science and acoustic media in attempts to optimise the rhythms associated with sleeping bodies.
FROM OPEN KNOWLEDGE SHARING TO SEMI-CLOSED GROUPING: THE EVOLUTION OF ACADEMIC SOCIAL MEDIA IN CHINA
Authors: Ren Xiang
Published: August 2020

This paper reviews the evolution of Chinese academic social media in the past twenty years or so, with an analytical focus of trust and openness. It examines and compares the communicative models in scientific blog, Weibo and WeChat, and explores how academic social media co-evolve with academics’ changing demands, as well as broad social and institutional contexts in China.

This research employs multiple methods and combines data collected at different periods of time including 20 interviews, participatory observation of about 200 social media accounts, and document/discourse analysis. This research identifies transformative changes of Chinese academic social media practices, particularly the shifting focus from open sharing of knowledge in public sphere to semi-closed and semi-public grouping based on acquaintance networking. While Chinese academics believe acquaintance grouping enables more reliable and rewarding communications, this raises issues regarding a “closed” and “exclusive” approach to building trust in scholarly/scientific communications.

Potts, et al. (2017) theorize “knowledge club” as an entity where members form self-constituted groups, endeavoring to create new knowledge, and balancing the positive externalities of commons against the negative externalities of crowding is key. This paper understands the evolution of Chinese academic social media as a process of “clubization” of digital knowledge systems and further discusses the reasons and impact in the Chinese contexts.
WORK IN PROGRESS: THE EUROPEAN "RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN" – LEGAL AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES OF SEARCH ENGINES COMPLYING THE RIGHT TO ERASURE
Authors: Rensinghoff Jan , Farke Florian Marius , Dürmuth Markus , Gostomzyk Tobias
Published: August 2020

The new European right to be forgotten (Art. 17 of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) grants EU citizens the right to demand the erasure of their personal data from anyone who processes their personal data. To enforce this right to erasure may be a problem for many of those data processors. On the one hand, they need to examine any claim to remove search results. On the other hand, they have to balance conflicting rights in order to prevent over-blocking and the accusation of censorship.

The paper examines the criteria which are potentially involved in the decision-making process of search engines when it comes to the right to erasure. We present an approach helping search engine operators and individuals to assess and decide whether search results may have to be deleted or not. Our goal is to make this process more transparent and consistent, providing more legal certainty for both the search engine operator and the person concerned by the search result in question. As a result, we develop a model to estimate the chances of success to delete a particular search result for a given person. This is a work in progress.
“WHY WOULD SOMEONE INTENTIONALLY LIE?”: ASSESSING THE CREDIBILITY OF CANCER (MIS)INFORMATION ON FACEBOOK
Authors: Rivera Yonaira M , Smith Katherine C , Moran Meghan B
Published: August 2020

As misinformation on social media continues to proliferate, scholars are increasingly calling for explorations of the negative ramifications of health-related misinformation on health outcomes. In 2018, 96% of the top 100 shared health articles were shared on Facebook; 51% of these had neutral to poor credibility. This exploratory study seeks to understand how U.S. Latinos assess the credibility of the cancer screening and prevention information (CPSI) they engage with on Facebook. Through semi-structured in-depth interviews, participants (n=20) accessed their Facebook account alongside the researcher, typed “cancer” in the search bar, and discussed cancer-related posts they engaged with during the past 6-12 months. If a participant engaged with CPSI, the researcher asked questions regarding if and how participants assessed the credibility of the information. Computer screen and audio were recorded for analysis. Interviews are being analyzed thematically, and CPSI via content analysis. Preliminary findings suggest most CPSI engagement comes from Facebook Friends and Groups that at times share unreliable information (e.g. foods claiming cancer prevention/curative properties). Participants with higher education levels were more likely to verify information via outside sources, while others looked for cues within the post to assess credibility (i.e. being shared by a reputable news agency). However, most individuals rely on heuristics (post virality, cultural associations, testimonies) to assess information credibility, rather than a verification process. These findings can assist in developing social media campaigns to counteract health misinformation. Findings also raise broader questions regarding Facebook’s role/responsibility in regulating and monitoring its platform’s health misinformation.
THE BIRDS AND THE BEES ONLINE: UNDERSTANDING AMERICAN ONLINE SEX-ED SITES
Authors: Ross Janet Nalubega , Walker Shawn
Published: August 2020

The goal of this study is, looking over time and across different platforms what is the nature of the content of adolescent sexual health education provided through online websites and social networking sites (SNS). Sexuality is a critical component of adolescent development, and to aid in sexual development, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that adolescents globally have access to comprehensive sexual health education because it contributes positively their future sexual and reproductive health (UNESCO, 2018). In the United States, starting in 1981 with Adolescent Family Life Act (AFLA) sexual health education has relied heavily on Abstinence-Only curricula, with the goal of teaching adolescents to reduce risky sexual behaviors, such as having unprotected sex, having multiple sexual partners and young age of sexual debut by remaining sexually abstinent until marriage (Dixon-Mueller, 1993; Saul, 1998). Looking over time and across online platforms, the goal of this study is to determine; 1). How is sexual health education online structured and what topics are covered? 2). How has online sexual health education over time responded to government mandates on sexual health and sexuality in general? 3). How does the presentation of sexual health information change across the different platforms? and 4). How do online sexual health education handle topics such pleasure and desire for underrepresented groups?
A NEW BLACK BOX METHODOLOGY: THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF INTERROGATING THE MODERATION OF IMAGES DEPICTING WOMEN’S BODIES ON INSTAGRAM
Authors: Witt Alice Elizabeth Ameila
Published: August 2020

The black box around online platforms’ internal governance practices makes it difficult for users to trust that their expression is moderated in ways that are free from arbitrariness and bias. This paper proposes a black box methodology for examining content moderation in practice when only parts of a platform’s regulatory system are visible from the outside. The proposed methodology, which uses content analysis and innovative digital methods to investigate how discrete inputs (i.e. images) produce certain outputs (i.e. whether an image is removed or not removed), is explained through a topical case study into whether like images of Underweight, Mid-Range and Overweight women’s bodies are moderated alike on Instagram. Overall, results show a trend of inconsistent moderation: specifically, up to 22% of 4,994 coded images were removed by Instagram or by the user and are therefore potentially false positives. Moreover, the odds of removal for Underweight, Mid-Range and Overweight images differ. These results suggest that concerns around the risk of arbitrariness and bias on Instagram, and, indeed, ongoing distrust of the platform among users, might not be unfounded. In outlining the proposed methodology, this paper evaluates the methodological, legal and ethical challenges to studying Instagram, many of which are due to the significant lack of transparency around platform governance more broadly. By evaluating these challenges, we can better assess the efficacy of using black box analytics and digital methods to examine important questions around content moderation at scale.
SUNSET AND MEMORIES: HOW WE BURY AND MOURN DEAD PLATFORMS
Authors: Van der Nagel Emily
Published: August 2020

Over social media’s first decade, we as users grew to trust that platforms play a role as memory machines: they enable us to share and store our media traces to look back on later, as we remember and make sense of our lives. But not all platforms last forever. What happens when social media platforms are, to borrow a business term, sunsetted? This paper investigates how platforms end, and how people remember them after they are gone. I first conducted a thematic analysis of 20 sunset posts: the final declaration of what a platform has been. I discovered that this genre of communication is designed to spark a sense of loss for the platform that was, and trust in the people who are moving on to new projects. This opened up further questions about if people remember dead platforms, and if so, how they remember them. Responses to a survey of social media users about a platform they used to use that no longer exists will undergo a thematic analysis to identify common themes and patterns in terms of online remembering, nostalgia, archiving, and forgetting. As social media platforms are a relatively new form of media, this research project aims to gain an understanding of how people shift from platform to platform, and how media traces and platforms are remembered and forgotten.
TRUST IN TRANSLATION: A CASE STUDY OF COPYRIGHT AS A LEGAL TRANSPLANT IN THE MUSIC INDUSTRY IN MYANMAR
Authors: Valdovinos Kaye D. Bondy
Published: August 2020

This paper highlights non-Western views on trust in regulation and governance through a comparative legal analysis of copyright and the music industry in Myanmar. Legal transplanting, taking a law from one legal system and implanting it, was a common practice throughout colonial history. Standardized copyright, in the form of the TRIPs Agreement, is an example of a post-colonial legal transplant, enforced by the WTO. The South-east Asian nation of Myanmar is the process of a major transition both politically and technologically that is heavily impact its creative industries in general, and music industry in particular. This interdisciplinary comparative legal analysis considers the implications of transplanting copyright regulation into an informal creative economy. Data were collected from fourteen interviews with music industry professionals and legal experts in Myanmar conducted in January 2019. While some informants expressed trust in foreign transplants and a belief in the efficacy of a new copyright law, others expressed concern that these foreign laws would fail to address issues unique to the Myanmar music industry. This study argues that the way forward involves a deeper understanding of the local system of governance.
DISAPPOINTING AND BEING DISAPPOINTED: VIDEO GAME PLAYER TRUST IN EACH OTHER
Authors: Tomlinson Christine
Published: August 2020

Hostility in video games has been a cause for concern since multiplayer gaming began gaining popularity. Many of the studies conducted on this topic have highlighted negative behaviors as particularly aggressive toward women, but relatively limited in the broad context of general audiences or in contrast to positive multiplayer encounters . This study uses interviews with 54 people and approximately 1900 online forum posts to further investigate player experiences with and understandings of hostility in video game play. Overall, it appears that female players do experience particular kinds of harassment, but that players have been negatively influenced and affected by these types of behavior regardless of gender. Largely, players have begun to feel like they cannot feel comfortable in these spaces or necessarily trust other players to behave in positive ways. For both male and female players, this has led to many avoiding certain types of game or specific titles all together. Additionally, players lack confidence that companies are doing what is necessary to shift the culture and have come to understand toxic players as something to be expected in the community. Because of its frequency, toxicity has become understood as a part of gaming culture and something that, perhaps, is immutable.
"OPEN DATA MEANS BUSINESS": WHEN MONETARY POTENTIAL IN OPEN DATA USURPS ASPIRATIONS FOR ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPERANCY IN THE SMART CITY
Authors: Tavmen Gunes
Published: August 2020

As opposed to technocratic and top-to-bottom smart city discourses, open data has been deployed to transform these into “citizen-centric” ones. London is one of the prime examples of such positioning of open data in pursuit to create an alternative to corporate-driven smart city narratives. Prior to this, open data was already a governmental strategy in the UK in their pursuit of Transparency Agenda due to the assumptions that having access to governmental data would automatically yield transparency and accountability. However, shortly after, the economic value in open data displaced the social impact to periphery. As a result, the Open Data Institute (ODI) was established to unlock the economic value in open data. Located at the heart of London’s tech-scene, the ODI has attempted to contest what they referred to as “corporate-driven smart city”. Nevertheless, born out of a discourse in which lucrative potential usurped democratic aspirations, the ODI has subsequently been an environment that materialised, contributed and reiterated the prevailing smart city discourse. By way of a close observation of the ODI’s activities between late 2014 to mid-2017, as well as an analysis on the transformation of UK government's open data discourse, I argue that once advocated as tool for accountability and transparency, open data is mostly promoted for its monetary value.
DON'T JUST SAY THANK YOU: EXPLORATION OF TYPES OF POSTS INSPIRING AND HINDERING DEEP CONVERSATIONS ONLINE
Authors: Tirthali Devayani , Murai Yumiko
Published: August 2020

In an open online discussion forum, where there is no fixed structure or a facilitator like a course forum without any assigned themes, every participant is a facilitator shaping the direction and depth of a conversation. How can we as designers then make sure it leads to an engaging learning community that learners keep coming back to beyond the given course period? This paper reports on sequential analysis of 172 posts in 32 threads and close reading of two threads from an open online discussion forum in a free open online course, specifically looking at the impact of participant actions as facilitative moves, to gain better understanding of the types of actions that lead to deeper and sustained engagement with the ideas of interest. Sequential analysis is an approach that estimates which types of sequences of posts or interactions are most likely to occur in a threaded discussion. The results showed that sharing personal experiences attracted most responses, implying that it is important to encourage participants to share questions or cases connected to their personal experiences. In addition, somewhat paradoxically, we found that posts acknowledging responses tend to conclude and close down the conversation while posts that ask diverging questions tend to attract more discussion.
Estándares de desempeño en matemáticas para la educación básica de Honduras: un análisis de contenido para la determinación de su validez
Authors: Castro Ordóñez Leví Astul , Fonseca Aguilar Esther
Published: August 2020

Se estudia la validez de los estándares de desempeño en matemáticas para la educación básica. Para ello se analiza la coherencia entre su conceptualización y la operacionalización en niveles de desempeño y su relación con los estándares de contenido. Se utiliza la técnica de análisis de contenido, siendo las unidades de análisis los estándares de desempeño. Mediante el paquete NVivo 8 se crean categorías que identifican y clasifican el tipo de evidencia a favor o en contra del supuesto de coherencia. En este estudio, se encontró que, si bien los conceptos para ambos tipos de estándar responden a referentes internacionales, su concreción presenta falta de coherencia. Se identificaron seis criterios utilizados en la definición de estándares de desempeño que explican esta falencia. Se concluye que los estándares de desempeño adolecen de falta de coherencia, y por tanto están fuertemente limitados como recurso para la planeación didáctica, para la evaluación interna y la externa, ya que no se puede garantizar una correcta emisión de juicios ni toma de decisiones; resultando así en una falta de validez.
O Antropoceno e a mudança climática: a percepção e a consciência dos brasileiros segundo a pesquisa IBOPE
Authors: Pinto Geraldo Estevo , Pires André , Georges Marcos Ricardo Rosa
Published: August 2020

Um nó górdio ata a atual era denominada Antropoceno à forma de pensar a terra e a sociedade que nela habita. A cultura moderna se edificou compreendendo o ser humano como o senhor e o dono de todas as coisas. Logo, os sinais de alertas emitidos pela natureza e a sua não compreensão crítica por parte da humanidade transformaram o problema em crise profunda, observável no aquecimento global e na mudança climática. Em 20 anos, 4,1 bilhões de pessoas foram atingidas por este último fenômeno. O conhecimento da percepção e do nível de consciência dos brasileiros com relação à transformação da terra e com respeito à ação humana neste processo é indispensável para a formulação correta do problema e a busca de soluções. A partir de uma pesquisa de opinião pública realizada em 2011, o estudo tem por objetivo analisar os dados referentes à percepção dos brasileiros com respeito ao fenômeno do aquecimento global e da mudança climática e, ainda, identificar a sua consciência com relação à ação humana neste processo. Além da revisão bibliográfica, é utilizada como fonte secundária a Pesquisa IBOPE publicada em 2012. Não são identificadas posições negacionistas ou obstáculos psicológicos quanto à percepção da mudança climática, entretanto, não é possível identificar perspectivas de reação às formas de pensar que têm colocado o ser humano e seu modelo de desenvolvimento em rota de colisão com a natureza e o planeta.
Envelhecimento ativo, qualidade de vida e turismo: o olhar de um grupo de idosos do município de São Bernardo, Maranhão
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Patrícia Silva , Carvalho Karoliny Diniz
Published: August 2020

Esse artigo teve como objetivo a análise das percepções sobre velhice e envelhecimento ativo a partir do olhar dos idosos integrantes do grupo de convivência “Um Novo Tempo” no município de São Bernardo, Maranhão. Ele relaciona a terceira idade ao fenômeno do turismo, em virtude das potencialidades de organização de ofertas de produtos e serviços direcionadas a esta faixa etária. Recorreu-se à pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo, com a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e a observação participante. Obteve-se um cenário acerca do envelhecimento no município de São Bernardo, a partir das histórias, experiências de vida e diferentes expectativas dos entrevistados. O estudo apontou para a necessidade de políticas públicas que favoreçam as dimensões de bem-estar para os idosos, destacando-se as atividades de lazer e turismo em prol de um envelhecimento ativo e de qualidade.
Illicit Drug Use and the Associated Factors Among University Students: A Report in the Southwest of Iran
Authors: Ghaem Haleh , Afrashteh Sima , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl , Gholami Ali , Nami Nazari Leila , Abbasi-Ghahramanloo Abbas , Tabatabaee Hamid Reza
Published: August 2020

Background: Illicit drug use is a major public health concern among university students. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of illicit drug use and the associated factors in a population of Iranian university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bushehr, located in the Northwest of Iran in 2017. The participants were selected randomly and included 977 university students. Anonymous, structured questionnaires were completed by the students. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of data on illicit drug use, smoking habits, sexual behaviors, alcohol consumption, physical fights, religious beliefs, parental support, and illicit drug use by the family members and friends. Data analysis was performed using chi-square and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of illicit drug use during the lifetime, past year, past month, and daily/almost daily was estimated at 4%, 3.3%, 2.4%, and 0.9%, respectively. The lifetime prevalence of cannabis, amphetamine-type stimulants, opium, and heroin was 1.3%, 1.5%, 1.5%, and 0.1%, respectively. After adjustment for other factors, male gender (OR = 4.06), working along with education (OR = 2.33), smoking habits (OR = 4.00), physical fights (OR = 4.04), and illicit drug use by friends (OR = 2.71) were associated with illicit drug use. Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of illicit drug use was relatively low, albeit significant, among the students in Bushehr. Among the determined factors associated with this issue, illicit drug use was strongly correlated with drug use by friends. Our findings could be used for the planning and evaluation of interventions based on the related risk factors.
E-Learning Framework Based on Electronic Learning Management System for the staff of Health Office of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Alizadeh Sughra
Published: August 2020

Background: The importance of using modern electronic and virtual education in medical sciences, which can be used without any time limit, is increasingly increasing. Objectives: The current study aimed to provide a framework for distance education based on the Electronic Learning Management System for the staff of the Deputy for Public Health. Methods: This study had three phases. First, the level of preparedness of the staff of the health department (trainers and learners) was assessed through a descriptive-survey using a questionnaire. In the second phase, the analysis of the educational programs that were implemented during the last year was carried out. Finally, in the third phase, to manage the e-learning process based on the selected Instructional design model, considering the newness, a structure was proposed, guaranteeing quality while taking into consideration the deputy’s current facilities and staff. Results: According to the results, 84.4% of the trainers and 87.4% of the learners were agreed with E-learning. 72.2% of trainers noted that their educational programs could be held electronically, and 84.4% of trainers and 64.4% of learners believed that moving toward E-learning is necessary. 82.6% of the goals of the curriculum were cognitive, and 92.4% were theoretical. The design of the structure of E-learning was carried out in the areas of planning, content creation, course implementation, evaluation, and electronic loading. Besides, the tasks of each area were tailored to the Instructional Design Model of Gagne and were based on the capabilities of the Deputy for Public Health. Conclusions: The present study showed that trainers and learners are ready to conduct E-learning and that educational programs also can be held electronically, and a structure that incorporates the quality and proper management of this department is designed based on the potential and personnel resources of the department.
Effect of Reminiscence Therapy on Death Anxiety in Retired Elderly Men: An Interventional Study
Authors: Sheykhi Abbasali , Saeedinezhad Farshid , Raiesi Zahra , Rezaee Nasrin
Published: August 2020

Background: Death anxiety is one of the concerns of the elderly population in the late stages of life. In this context, recalling memories is one of the favorite characteristics of these people that can affect different aspects of their mental and social health. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of reminiscence therapy on the death anxiety of men retried from the Islamic Republic of Iran Army living in Zahedan. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed on 90 retired men over 60 years of age. The subjects were recruited through convenience sampling at the Army Retirement Center in Zahedan in winter 2019. The participants were randomly divided into the intervention (n = 45) and control (n = 45) groups. In the intervention group, reminiscence therapy was carried out based on major life events twice a week for six sessions. Data were gathered again two months after the intervention. The control group did not take part in any program. Data collection tools included a demographic form and the Death Anxiety scale (Templer, 1970). The results were analyzed by SPSS-21 using descriptive and inferential statistics. The P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean scores of death anxiety were 25.37 ± 1.89 and 25.17 ± 1.61 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. After the experiment, this score was 9.09 ± 1.79 in the intervention group and 25.04 ± 1.62 in the control group. Thus, while reminiscence therapy significantly relieved death anxiety in the intervention group (P < 0.0001), the control group showed no significant difference in this respect at the end of the study (P = 0.63). Conclusions: Group reminiscence therapy can reduce the death anxiety of older adults. Since the elderly are fond of expressing their memories, and such storytelling is an attractive, simple, and inexpensive intervention, it could be used to help these people mitigate their death anxiety.
The comparison impact of Metacognitive Therapy-Based Group Intervention and Group Acceptance-Based Behavioral Therapy on Psychophysiological Signs of Professional Soccer Players in the U-19 League in Tehran
Authors: Alavizadeh Seyed Mohammadreza , Sobhi Gharamaleki Nasser , Mami Shahram , Mohammadzadeh Jahanshah , Ahmadi Vahid
Published: August 2020

: The present study aimed to compare the effect of metacognitive therapy-based group intervention and group acceptance-based behavioral therapy on psychophysiological signs of professional soccer players in the U-19 league in Tehran. Participants were professional soccer players occupied in professional soccer leagues in Tehran. The participants were entered into the assessment stage, and after obtaining informed consent, they were randomly assigned to one of the three experiment groups, namely MCT, MAC, and WL. The participants’ psychophysiological signs included EEG, EMG, HR, GSR, temperature, and RR, which were recorded using the ewave 8-channel neuro-biofeedback device. The data were analyzed using the eProbe7.8.3 software of Rubymind.us. The results demonstrated that MCT and MAC could make some changes in psychophysiological signs of anxious soccer players. MCT was shown to affect Fz Highbeta-Gama and RR, which had a correlation with anxiety. In addition, MAC was observed to affect the asymmetry of F3 alpha and F4 alpha as a remarkable EEG pattern of aggression. However, MCT and MAC did not show any effect on HR, EMG, temperature, and GSR. According to these findings, it can be inferred that those soccer players who are uncomfortable and suffer from anxiety and aggression-related problems may benefit from such interventions.
Simulación por elementos finitos de la articulación temporomandibular
Authors: Pérez del Palomar A. , Cegoñino J. , López Arranz J. , Vicente J. L. de , Doblaré Manuel
Published: August 2020

En los últimos años, las patologías asociadas a la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) han

cobrado una gran importancia en odontología y patología. Las disfunciones de esta articulación

están relacionadas con la inestabilidad mecánica y el movimiento irregular de los componentes

biomecánicos que la componen. Dentro de los diferentes elementos que forman esta articulación, es

el disco articular la pieza clave dentro de la misma, ya que absorbe las tensiones durante el

funcionamiento de la mandíbula, proporciona un adecuado contacto entre las superficies óseas y

proporciona estabilidad a la articulación. En este trabajo se desarrollaron dos modelos de elemento

finitos bidimensionales de la ATM, uno para una articulación sana y otro para una patológica

afectada de un desplazamiento anterior del disco. En ambos modelos de elementos finitos se introdujeron

diferentes modelos de comportamiento para simular de manera real el comportamiento del

disco articular. Las simulaciones realizadas resultaron ser fieles al comportamiento biomecánico

de la ATM real tanto sana como patológica, obteniéndose resultados cualitativos contrastados con

la experiencia clínica. Por otro lado, se demostró la necesidad de introducir modelos de comportamiento

complejos para simular de manera real el funcionamiento de esta articulación.
Anodización del titanio para la mejora ante la degración química de material quirúrgico.
Authors: Valentí J. , Guasch J. , Sevilla P. , Gil F.J.
Published: August 2020

The titanium alloys used in orthopaedic and dental implants are corrosion-resistant and compatible

with the human body due to the titanium oxid film which forms spontaneously on the implant

surface. However, the utilization of more than one type of alloy or metal on the same patient and the

fragility and the thin thickness of the oxid layer, can give rise to the appearance of the corossion

phenomena and/or ion release. It is well known that enough concentration of metallic particles are

toxic, and are able to produce lnflammation, allergy genetic mutations or carcinogenic processes.

With the purpose of minimize the corrossion in the implants and the metallic ion release to the

physiological environment it is possible to grow up the titanium oxid layer in a controlled way to

have a tough, homogeneous and stable layer with the anodization technique. In this work it is evaluated

the improvements in corrosion resistance and the decrease of the metallic ion release due to the

anodized layer.
Efecto de las resistencias aerodinámicas sobre el alcance de lanzamientos de martillo masculinos y femenino de atletas de élite
Authors: Rojas Ruiz F. J. , Gutiérrez Dávila M.
Published: August 2020

El alcance del lanzamiento de martillo está determinado por las condiciones cinemáticas en el

momento de salida de las manos del lanzador, en concreto por la velocidad, el ángulo y la altura de

salida. A partir de ahí, la distancia teórica alcanzada por el martillo, proveniente por las ecuaciones

de los proyectiles, puede ser determinada. La diferencia encontrada entre la distancia real y la

teórica calculada, nos aportaría el objetivo planteado en este estudio basado en conocer el efecto de

las resistencias aerodinámicas sobre el alcance del lanzamiento.

La muestra utilizada se ha basado en los seis finalistas masculinos y femeninos del campeonato

del mundo de atletismo de Sevilla 1999. Los lanzamientos fueron filmados por cámaras de video SVHS

(50 Hz) siguiendo posteriormente la metodología de análisis tridimensionales de video (50 Hz)

ubicada en el Laboratorio de Biomecánica de la Universidad de Granada.

Los resultados obtenidos muestran los parámetros cinemáticos producidos en el momento de la

salida del martillo, siendo la velocidad la variable en la cual se han encontrado diferencias significativas

entre hombres y mujeres, 28.64 y 26.90 m/s, respectivamente y las diferencias encontradas

utilizando diferentes metodologías entre los alcances teóricos calculados y los reales siendo la pérdida

de alcance de un 13,23% y de un 8,85% en los lanzamiento femeninos y masculinos respectivamente.

Los datos obtenidos confirman que las grandes diferencias encontradas entre los lanzamientos

masculinos y femeninos (11.28 m), aún siendo la masa del martillo diferentes (7.26 kg en hombres

y 4 kg en mujeres) se deben en gran medida a los factores aerodinámicos.
Anodización del titanio para la mejora ante la degradación química de material quirúrgico
Authors: Valentí J. , Guash J. , Sevilla P. , Gil F.J.
Published: August 2020

The titanium alloys used in orthopaedic and dental implants are corrosion-resistant and compatible with the human body due to the titanium oxid film which forms spontaneously on the implant surface. However, the utilization of more than one type of alloy or metal on the same patient and the fragility and the thin thickness of the oxid layer, can give rise to the appearance of the corossion phenomena and/or ion release. It is well known that enough concentration of metallic particles are toxic, and are able to produce lnflammation, allergy genetic mutations or carcinogenic processes. With the purpose of minimize the corrossion in the implants and the metallic ion release to the physiological environment it is possible to grow up the titanium oxid layer in a controlled way to have a tough, homogeneous and stable layer with the anodization technique. In this work it is evaluated the improvements in corrosion resistance and the decrease of the metallic ion release due to the anodized layer.
Morfotipo de futbolista profesional de la Comunidad de Madrid. Composición corporal
Authors: Herrero de Lucas A. , Cabañas Armesilla M.D. , Maestre López I.
Published: August 2020

La composición corporal es dentro del estudio cineantropométrico de la población de atletas la que se utiliza con mayor frecuencia, ya que permite de manera inmediata tener una visión global del morfotipo del futbolista sobre el cual se puede actuar modificándolo fácilmente por medio de una adecuada preparación física. Se estudiaron 56 jugadores de fútbol profesional que desarrollan su actividad física en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, de manera voluntaria, obteniéndose el consentimiento informado previo de cada uno de ellos de acuerdo a la legislación vigente. La composición corporal se realizó mediante la segmentación del cuerpo humano en cuatro componentes. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando el programa de software compatible con PC SPSS 11.5. La edad media de los jugadores estudiados es de 26.087 (edad decimal) ± 3.48 años, la talla media es de 177.87 ± 6.78 cm., el peso medio es de 77.24 ± 5.60 Kg., el porcentaje de grasa medio es de un 10.42 ± 0.70%, el porcentaje muscular es de un 50,04 ± 0.79%, el porcentaje óseo es de un 15.44 ± 0.73% y el peso residual de un 24.10%.
Relación entre el desplazamiento en la fase de doble apoyo y la velocidad en el lanzamiento de martillo
Authors: Gutiérrez-Dávila M. , Rojas F.J.
Published: August 2020

El presente estudio surge como respuesta a una controversia que ha existido históricamente

sobre el modelo teórico del lanzamiento de martillo. A partir de las fluctuaciones que se producen

en la velocidad tangencial del CG del martillo en cada giro, acelerándose durante el período de

doble apoyo y reduciéndose sensiblemente durante el periodo de apoyo único, los entrenadores

han buscado prolongar el periodo de doble apoyo (Bondartschuk,1979), aunque otros estudios

han puesto de manifiesto que también puede acelerarse durante el periodo de apoyo simple (Dapena

(1984, 1989) y, recientemente, se ha puesto de manifiesto que, a medida que aumenta la velocidad

del CG del martillo, el tiempo en que el lanzador está en doble apoyo tiende a disminuir, (Gutiérrez,

Soto & Rojas, 2002). Se han analizado treinta lanzadores de martillo durante el desarrollo de

cinco competiciones Nacionales e Internacionales, utilizándose para el análisis técnicas

fotogramétricas tridimensionales (3D) mediante la metodología propuesta por Dapena (1984) y

Gutiérrez, Soto & Rojas (2002). Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que existe una correlación

entre el desplazamiento angular del martillo durante el periodo de doble apoyo y la velocidad

media en el antepenúltimo giro (R=-0.50; p<.005). Para el segundo giro no se ha encontrado

diferencias significativas en la relación entre las variables y para la acción final de lanzamiento se

ha obtenido una cierta correlación negativa entre las variables (-0.39; p<0.05). Finalmente, no se

ha encontrado relación entre el desplazamiento angular del martillo y el cambio de velocidad en el

periodo de doble apoyo.