bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human-Crocodile Conflicts in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: An analysis of crocodile attacks from 2000 until 2020
Authors: Gani Mohd Izwan Zulaini Abdul , Hassan Ruhana , Tisen Oswald Braken , Ahmad Rambli
Published: January 2022

Crocodiles have caused a relatively high number of fatalities towards local people in Sarawak, a Malaysian state in Borneo. However, they have important cultural values and are well respected by the riverine communities in the state. The objective of this study is to determine the patterns of human-crocodile conflict in Sarawak which could help in managing the problems between crocodile and human. Information on crocodile attacks were collected from multiple sources including records kept by local authority, media or CrocBITE database. Over a 21 years period (year 2000-2020), the record attacks (n=164) showed a balance between fatal and non-fatal cases. Most common victims in Sarawak were male (86.6%) and adults from the age of 31 to 40 years old (20.7%). The attacks occurred more during the daylight (59.4%), with the peak time for crocodile attacks was approximately between 1800 to 2359 hours (33.3%). Crocodile attacks occur slightly more during the wet season, from October to March (54.0%), with the highest one recorded in March (16.8%). Fishing (26.2%) and bathing (22.0%) in the rivers possess the highest risk of crocodile attack, suggesting that crocodiles are more likely to attack when the victim is in the water. The findings imply that crocodiles' attack pattern in Sarawak is associated with the people’s activities pattern. There is a need to update the database on crocodile attacks in Sarawak on -real time basis as this will facilitate the relevant agencies in formulating the strategies to reduce the number of crocodile attacks and ensuring the safety of the riverine communities.
Structural Knowledge-Guided Feature Inference Network for Image Inpainting
Authors: Du Yongqiang
Published: January 2022

Image inpainting is an essential task in image restoration field. Currently, most meth- ods for image inpainting employ the encoder- decoder framework to restore degraded areas, and this often results in synthesizing wrong se- mantic structure due to the lack of guiding from effective prior information. In this paper, we pro- pose a structural knowledge-guided framework for image inpainting, which predicts both the edge map and corrupted content at the same time. Our model captures structural knowledge in the structure estimation branch to guide the content inference in the latent feature space. By employing self-attention mechanism to aggre- gate known information and inferred structural knowledge, our model is able to synthesize more semantically reasonable content for the corrupted areas. Extensive experiments on three bench- mark datasets demonstrate that our method out- performs most state-of-the-art methods for image inpainting in terms of the evaluation of both vi- sual quality and quantitative metrics.
Signifikansi Kelompok Sel Daring Bagi Jemaat: sebuah upaya Pembinaan Warga Gereja Di Masa Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Dewa Nanda Kustia , Laia Lismanwati , Purba Novi Aling , Setiawan David Eko
Published: January 2022

AbstractIndonesia is also one of the countries affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. This disease is troubling the whole community, especially the government, covid-19 is able to paralyze all activities in the community, so the government and health services in Indonesia carry out management for the community, namely by social restrictions, reducing interactions outside the home, and complying with health protocols. So in the midst of a pandemic the use of internet-based technology is increasing, especially worship activities such as cell groups that have been packaged online, this is an effort to foster church members to build intensive communication to review the spiritual growth of the congregation and continue to pay attention to the condition of the congregation in any situation. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The author collects data related to the title of writing by using a library approach. This cell group activity is important because through this fellowship the spirituality of the congregation can be awakened, but due to the Covid-19 pandemic situation, without eliminating all church responsibilities, one of the solutions the author found is to do it online, thus the importance of this online cell group is the congregation. continue to be accompanied, nurtured, guided in the growth of his faith and progress to become a mature believer even in the midst of a crisis situation. AbstrakIndonesia juga merupakan salah satu negara terdampak pandemi wabah Covid-19. Penyakit ini meresahkan seluruh masyarakat terkhususnya pemerintah, Covid-19 mampu melumpuhkan semua aktivitas di kalangan masyarakat, maka pemerintah serta dinas kesehatan di Indonesia melakukan penatalaksanaan bagi masyarakat, yaitu dengan pembatasan sosial mengurangi interaksi di luar rumah, dan mematuhi protokol kesehatan. Maka ditengah pandemi pemanfaatan teknologi berbasis internet sangat meningkat, terkhususnya kegiatan peribadatan seperti kelompok sel yang sudah dikemas secara daring, hal ini menjadi upaya pembinaan warga gereja membangun komunikasi secara intensif untuk meninjau pertumbuhan spiritual jemaat dan tetap terus memperhatikan keadaan jemaatnya dalam situasi apapun.  Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Penulis mengumpulkan data-data yang berkaitan dengan judul penulisan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan. Kegiatan kelompok sel ini penting karena melalui persekutuan ini kerohanian jemaat dapat terbangun namun dikarenakan situasi pandemi Covid-19 ini muncul, tanpa menghilangkan semua tugas tanggung jawab gereja, maka salah satu solusi penulis temukan adalah melaksanakannya melalui daring, dengan demikian pentingnya kelompok sel daring ini jemaat tetap terus didampingi, dibina, dibimbing dalam pertumbuhan imannya serta mengalami kemajuan untuk menjadi orang percaya yang dewasa walaupun ditengah situasi krisis.
Spiritualitas Gembala Sidang Dan Implikasinya Bagi Keteladanan Pembinaan Warga Gereja
Authors: Buulolo Fauduzanolo , Telaumbanua Gusmayeni , Fitriani Riska , Setiawan David Eko
Published: January 2022

Abstract This article will internalize existing data about the degeneration of values, the purpose and meaning of being a pastor, so that many Church members experience doubts and question the purity and spirituality of God's servants or in the real congregation pastor. The spirituality of the Pastor is the spiritual life or relationship with Christ that is seen through his actions, emotions and attitudes. Where not only vertically to God but will be evident from his actions to others. In this study, it describes the spirituality of the Council Shepherd and its implications for the exemplary formation of Church members. This study uses the literature method to answer existing problems. This problem is related to the question, What is the impact of the spirituality of the Council Pastor and its implications for the exemplary formation of Church members? The conclusion of this research is that if the servant of God does not live his spirituality, this implies that he will find servants of God who cannot be trusted. In addition, it will have implications for members of the Church. Abstract Artikel ini akan menginternalisasikan data-data yang ada tentang kemorosotan nilai, Tujuan dan makna menjadi Gembala Sidang, sehingga warga Gereja banyak yang mengalami keragu-raguan dan mempertanyakan kemurnian dan spiritualitas hamba Tuhan atau dengan istilah Gembala Sidang yang sebenarnya. Spiritualitas Gembala Sidang adalah kehidupan rohani atau hubungan dengan Kristus yang terlihat melalui tindakan, emosi dan sikap kehidupannya. Dimana bukan hanya secara vertikal kepada Tuhan melainkan akan nyata dari tindakannya kepada sesama. Dalam penelitian ini menjelaskan mengenai spiritualitas Gembala Sidang dan implikasinya bagi keteladanan pembinaan warga Gereja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan untuk menjawab permasalahan yang ada. Permasalahan tersebut terkait dengan mempertanyakan, Apa dampak spiritualitas Gembala Sidang dan impilikasinya bagi keteladanan pembinaan warga Gereja ?. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Jika hamba Tuhan tidak menghidupi spiritualitasnya, maka akan berimplikasi akan menemukan hamba Tuhan yang tidak dapat dipercaya. Selain itu akan berimplikasi kepada warga Gereja.
Varlık Yönetiminde Ray ve Tekerlek Etkileşimi Öncül Değerlendirmesi
Authors: BOYACİOGLU Pelin
Published: January 2022

Demiryollarında varlık yönetimi daha güvenilir ve az maliyetli hizmet sunulabilmek amacıyla alt sistemlerde yer alan tüm bileşen ve malzemelerin ömür maliyetlerini incelemektedir. Böylelikle, varlıkların tasarım ve yapım süreçlerinden başlayarak işletme, bakım ve tasfiye aşamaları en etkili şekilde planlanması ve sürdürülmesiyle ilgilenmektedir.

Varlık yönetimi altında ray ve tekerlek etkileşimi detaylı simülasyon ve modelleme yöntemleri kullanılarak uygun profil ve malzeme seçimi ve bakım sürelerinin incelenmesi ile ömür maliyetlerinin azaltılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu tür çalışmalar ilave zaman ve maliyet gerektireceği için öncellikle ray-tekerlek arayüzünde meydana gelen temas noktası parametrelerinin incelenip hasar ve aşınma durumlarına olan yatkınlıklıkları öncül değerlendirmede ele alınmalıdır.

Bu çalışmada Avrupa’daki bir Altyapı Yöneticisi’ne ait ray ve tekerlek profillerinin tasarım (yeni) ve işletme altındaki (aşınmış) durumları incelenip ray-tekerlek temas analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk adımda işletme altında aşınmış profillerde yaşanan değişimler gösterilirken sonraki adımlarda temas analizi parametreleri yeni durumdaki değerlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Hesaplanan öncül temas analizleri sırasıyla yuvarlanma yarıçapı farklılıkları, eşdeğer koniklik, temas noktası ve ilgili parametreleri kapsamıştır. Hem profil analizi hem de yuvarlanma yarıçapı farklılıkları, ray-tekerlek etkileşiminde ani buden temasının gerçekleşebileceğini ve bu durumun aşınma ve hasara yatkınlığı arttırabileceğini göstermiştir. Yeni profil durumunun işletmede seçilen 130 ve 653 m yarıçaplı kurplardaki durumlara oranla daha yatkın olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durumun yeni profillerde aşınma ve hasar oluşumlarını hızlandırabileceği fakat, işletme altında profillerde yaşanan değişimlerle daha konformal temas oluşabileceği ve böylelikle varlıkların ömürlerinin artabileceği söylenebilir.
Karyotype analysis of two oribatid mite species (Acari: Oribatida)
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Nisa , EROĞLU Halil Erhan , PER Sedat
Published: January 2022

The chromosomal parameters and karyotypic relationships may provide very valuable information about speciation and karyotype evolution. In the order Oribatida, the chromosomal data are limited to a few reports. In the present study, the chromosomal data of two species are provided for the first time. The diploid chromosome numbers are 2n = 14 in Oribotritia hermanni Grandjean, 1967 (Oribatida: Oribotritiidae) and 2n = 22 in Hermanniella gibber Kulijev, 1979 (Oribatida: Hermanniellidae) and chromosomes are small holocentric chromosomes. The smallest and largest chromosome sizes are 0.38 μm and 1.08 μm in O. hermanni, respectively. The total haploid chromosome length is 4.88 μm, in O. hermanni, and a higher value of 6.98 μm is recorded in H. gibber. The sex chromosomes could not be identified, because the oribatid mites show weak sexual dimorphism. In this respect, the results of the study provide important contributions to the cytotaxonomy of oribatid mites.
Gestión de riesgos en la nueva normalidad post Covid-19
Authors: Zacarías Rodríguez Remo Eusebio , Zacarías Rodríguez Victoriano Eusebio , Zacarías Vallejos Sara Ricardina
Published: January 2022

La investigación Gestión de riesgos en la nueva normalidad post covid-19, el retorno a las actividades tanto profesionales, educativas y cotidianas no será igual que antes. Los ciudadanos estarán preocupados por su bioseguridad, por los riesgos a los que estarán expuestos en los ambientes físicos y el comportamiento de los demás ciudadanos. En este escenario, el principal desafío como organizaciones, será traducir en hechos concretos y prácticos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la influencia de la gestión de riesgos en la nueva normalidad post COVID 19. El trabajo de investigación es básico, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal correlacional-causal, la muestra 107 empresarios socios de la Cámara de Comercio de Huancayo. Se encontró que la gestión de riegos emergentes como la prevención, documentación y la gestión cuentan con un 37%. En las actividades de seguimiento, control y análisis de riesgos con un 35% de aplicación., en cuanto a la nueva normalidad post covid-19, se cuentan con un 39% el plan para la vigilancia, prevención y control de Covid-19 en el trabajo. Con un 39% cuentan con equipos de protección personal anti Covid-19 y protocolos para la atención y los procesos en el trabajo. Podemos concluir que  a un nivel de significancia del 0,05 la gestión de riesgos influye significativamente en la nueva normalidad post COVID 19, lo cual significa que la gestión de riesgos influye hasta un 58.5% en la nueva normalidad post COVID 19.
Cambios de Hábitos Alimentarios debido al confinamiento de Covid-19 en Comunidad Campesina de Sapallanga 2021
Authors: Martínez Véliz Marivel Rosa , García Inga Belinda Olga , Cuadros Ríos Rosario Eleana , Poma Salinas Jenny Giovanna , Velásquez Ledesma Carmela Haydee
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: determinar los cambios alimentarios debido al confinamiento de la COVID-19 en la comunidad campesina de Sapallanga Huancayo 2021. Material y métodos: fue un estudio de tipo básico, con diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo simple de corte transversal, la población estuvo conformada por 2 045 personas adultas y la muestra estuvo conformada por 324 personas, para ello se hizo el muestreo de tipo probabilístico aleatorio simple, la técnica utilizada fue la encuesta y el instrumento fue el cuestionario. Resultados: se identificó que las características sociodemográficas de la población de la comunidad campesina de Sapallanga Huancayo 2021. Ha predominado la edad 30 a 40 años con 120(37%), en el sexo el masculino con 178(54,9%), en el grado de instrucción fue secundaria con 121(37,3%) y en la ocupación como obrero con 228(70,4%). Además, se identificó Se identifico que los cambios de alimentos energéticos debido al confinamiento de la COVID-19 en la población de la comunidad campesina de Sapallanga Huancayo 2021. Ha aumentado en 180(55,5%), en consumo de alimentos constructores ha disminuido en 160(49,4%) y el consumo de alimentos protectores Se ha mantenido en 154(47,5%). Conclusiones: Se ha determinado que los cambios de los hábitos alimentarios debido al confinamiento de la COVID-19 en la población de la comunidad de Sapallanga Huancayo 2021, ha aumentado el consumo de alimentos energéticos con el 55,5%, ha disminuidos el consumo de alimentos constructores con el 49,4% y se ha mantenido el consumo de alimentos protectores con el 47,5%.
Handmade Traditional Kiln Clay Bricks from Tamilnadu, India: Mineralogy, Temperature Effect and Mechanical Analysis
Authors:   Department of Physics, Sir Theagaraya Collge, Old Washermenpet (Govt. Aided), Chennai-21, Tamilnadu, India., Sutharsan P.
Published: January 2022

This work shows the changes in properties of industrial clay bricks collected from the traditional kiln situated at bank of Cauvery, Tamilnadu, India. Samples of local raw clay material already in use for the production of bricks and industrially produced fired brick materials were characterized by combined multi-analytical techniques to determine the relationships among chemical, mineralogical, textural and mechanical properties. FTIR absorption spectra of re-fired industrial clay bricks to different temperatures in air in the laboratory supply information about type of clay mineral presence, its original firing temperature and firing atmosphere. The minerals like quartz, plagioclase (albite or anorthite) and orthoclase were identified using XRD. In order to study the quality of the bricks they were submitted to mechanical analysis such as compressive strength, flexural rupture strength, water absorption, porosity and bulk density. The mechanical analysis reveals that when laboratory re-firing temperature exceeds the original firing temperature of industrial bricks, the compressive strength, flexural rupture strength and bulk density increases, whereas water absorption and porosity values decreases. The results showed that there is a drastic variation in the quality of the bricks collected from different parts of the same kiln.
Impact of antibiotic withdrawal and starvation conditions on plasmid elimination and consequent loss of resistance
Authors: Hiba Akram  , Shaniyaal Shahid  , Hina Bukhari  , Qurat-Ul-Ain  , Khadeja Iqbal  , Muhammad Asif
Published: January 2022

Objective

This study was designed to study resistance loss due to plasmid elimination under experimental conditions including withdrawal of antibiotics and administration of starvation conditions.

Methodology

This experimental study was conducted at Department of Pathology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, from September 2019 to December 2019. A single sensitive clinical isolate of Escherichia coli, showing resistance towards ampicillin was collected and separately sub-cultured in three different culture broths: tryptic soya broth, minimal broth and control broth for a period of one month under standard laboratory conditions. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the strains were calculated after every 7 days to check antibiotic susceptibility.

Results

MIC value of the initial strain of E.coli measured on Day 1 was 6mg/mL and it became sensitive after continual sub-culturing in the absence of antibiotics in 21 days. Due to starvation conditions the bacterial strain exhibited sensitivity to an even lower antibiotic conc. of 1.5mg/mL on the 28th day. Bacterial growth inhibition zones determined by disc diffusion method using an ampicillin disc of 10µg/mL showed no zone of inhibition.

Conclusion

In the absence of triggering factors such as antibiotics allow the bacteria to negatively select against the defensive traits exhibiting an onset of gradual loss of resistance over a period of time. Also the unavailability of sufficient nutrients for standard bacterial growth and survival further amplifies the rate of plasmid elimination and the consequent loss of resistance.

Key-words: Antibiotic resistance, Plasmid elimination, Antibiotic withdrawal, Resistance loss, Starvation conditions.
Food Handling Practice of Culinary Merchants in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Limbardon Patrick , Lubis Nenni Dwi Aprianti , Amelia Rina , Amelia Sri
Published: January 2022

Indonesian Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) estimates that over 20 million incidences of poisoning occur yearly in Indonesia. In 2019, food poisoning was the cause of 17 out of 154 poisoning incidents in Medan.  This study aims to picturize food safety practice among food handlers at culinary merchants. Using a descriptive, cross-sectional study, a total of 52 samples were given a survey with a total of 35 questions regarding characteristic of samples, food safety knowledge, food management attitude, and food management practice. The data collected were 73,1 % the food-handlers had average knowledge level of food safety, 92.3% had a good attitude in food management, 53,8% had average level of food management practice, and 51.9% had a good behavior in food management.  There are still chances for cross contamination to occurs. In order to ensure the safety of sold products, food handling training and rules should be prioritized and advocated.
INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL FACTORS ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR IN CHAIN SUPERMARKETS IN KENYA
Authors: Kiboro Grace Wambui , Omwenga Dr. Jane , Iravo Prof. Mike
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The objective of the study was to establish the effect of personal factors on consumer buying behavior in in supermarkets in Kenya.Methodology: The target population consisted of 33 chain supermarkets in Kenya. The target population comprised of 634 employees from these supermarkets. Descriptive research design was used for this study. In addition regression and correlation analysis was used to link the relationships between the dependent and the independent variables.Results: The study found out that there was a positive and significant relationship between personal factors and consumer buying behavior (r=0.62, p=0.000).Recommendation: It was found out that personal factors have a positive and significant effect on Consumer Buying Behavior in chain supermarkets in Kenya. To tap into higher sales-opportunity by supermarkets, the study recommend for the supermarkets to understand the personal factors influencing consumers to buy and leverage on them to drive their business performance.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Film of Imipramine Hcl
Authors: Hiwse Ravindra , Pawar Rajat , Patidar Sunita
Published: January 2022

This research work was aimed to provide faster onset of action of Imipramine Hcl (used for the treatment depression and bed wetting) by formulating its fast-dissolving film (FDF). Imipramine Hcl belongs to BCS I. The FDF of Imipramine Hcl was prepared by solvent casting method using HPMC (film forming agent), Glycerol (plasticizer), Citric acid (saliva stimulating agent), Mannitol (sweetening agent). The formulation was optimized by two factors, three levels (32) was used for the formulation optimization of fast dissolving film of Imipramine Hcl and experimental trials are performed on all 9 formulations. In which the amount of HPMC, Glycerol was selected as independent variables (factor) varied at three different level: low (-1), medium (0), and high (+1) levels. The drug release and disintegration time used as dependent variables (response). and formulation was evaluated for weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, drug content, in- vitro disintegration, in vitro dissolution study and stability study. Based on results it was concluded that FDF (F3) showed faster onset of action.
Whips and Boats
Authors: Greco Angela
Published: January 2022

Whips were tools used for approaching large animals and thus they were part of the equipment of individuals engaged in the catching of local large preys, who can be understood as hunters. However, the environment plays a key-role in the understanding of this professional figure, as it determined the range of other animals they could catch and, accordingly, a basic differentiation between land hunters and fishermen/hunters, the latters specifically tied to the use of boats. Sofar, no specific Sumerian words have been recognized as defining the figure of the hunter; this paper proposes an interpretation as (land) hunter of the Sumerian title usan3/usan5-du3, a profession usually understood as bird-catcher or fowler. Despite it is clear that in South Mesopotamia the main prey was in any case fowl, the professional title hints to the use of whips, therefore to the equipment suitable for catching large preys, equids and ungulates, when possible or required. On the other side, this paper suggests that individuals equipped for catching large preys in wet environments are mostly hidden among the fishermen; texts concerning boat transport can however offer some hints on their presence among the individuals having some acquaintance with boats.
If a Lion Eats Him...
Authors: Spada Gabriella
Published: January 2022

This article, starting from the analysis of the expression “if a lion kills/eats him” (i.e., a slave received on pledge), which appears in a limited number of surety contracts in the archive of the famous Balaĝunamḫe of Larsa (1829–1792 BC), gives a brief overview of the threat that lions posed not only to livestock but also to human beings in second-millennium Mesopotamia. Letters and administrative documents inform us of attacks on animals and, more rarely, even people. By contrast, collections of laws and legal principles seem to deal exclusively with problems arising from lions attacking domestic animals, without any mention of attacks on humans. In the light of this brief investigation, the author concludes that the expression “if a lion kills/eats him” must be considered a

unicum, since it is not found in any other real-life or school contract. She assumes that the scribe decided to add this formula to the liability clause of Balaĝunamḫe’s surety contracts in order to cover as many scenarios as possible, including the chance of being eaten by a lion, clearly representing an event of force majeure.
Vocatives and Direct Addresses in Hittite
Authors: Sideltsev Andrei
Published: January 2022

This paper reviews the evidence from Hittite on morphological and syntactic marking of direct addresses. It is shown that the standard description of Hoffner, and Melchert in 2008 needs a revision. Careful examination of a considerable body of texts shows a mismatch between morphological (vocative case) and syntactic (separate syntactic unit) marking of direct addresses to gods and men. The real taxonomy of direct addresses in Hittite is as follows: (a) morphologically marked vocatives within the main clause, (b) morphologically marked vocatives in a separate syntactic unit, (c) morphologically marked nominatives (or unmarked logograms) in a separate syntactic unit, (d) morphologically marked nominatives (or unmarked logograms) within the main clause. All these structures are demonstrably different from appositional constructions.
Ottoman Integration into the European Metric System and the Standardization of Scales, 1860–1930
Authors: Baycar Kazim
Published: January 2022

Even though the integration of the Ottoman Empire into the European metric system can be traced back to the mid-19th century, the process was only fully completed during the Kemalist Revolution in the 1930s. During the Imperial period, the Ottomans’ main motivation for using modern scales was to avoid the variations in the units of weights and measures that had arisen as a result of its technical and economic relations with Europe. In addition, the introduction of the new system was intended to secure the unification of the different traditional scales used in different parts of the Empire. During the Republican period, this motivation also included some ideological concerns. Using Ottoman archival documents, this article sketches out the entire process of integration into the European metric system and the standardization of weights and measures in the Ottoman Empire. In addition, it explains why this whole process lasted for sixty years, and how the Republican regime of modern Turkey was finally able to complete it. The article argues that it was the state capacity, methodology, and specific characteristics of modern Turkey as a nation-state that ultimately enabled it to fully introduce the European metric system.
La representación de la bula «Ite vos» (1517) en las crónicas franciscanas hispánicas
Authors: Muñoz Sánchez Fernando
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo parte de un destacado punto de referencia en la historia del franciscanismo, como es la bula Ite vos, promulgada en 1517 por León X, a través de la cual la Observancia asumiría la representación de la orden frente a la rama conventual, que terminaría desapareciendo en España y Portugal a lo largo del siglo XVI. Utilizaremos este hecho como núcleo central de un repaso que tiene por objeto articular las líneas principales del discurso que construyeron los franciscanos observantes a través de las crónicas de época barroca. En este sentido, subrayaremos cuestiones tratadas por las diversas crónicas publicadas en los siglos XVII y XVIII, como la representación de los conventuales y los observantes a lo largo del siglo XV, el contexto histórico en torno a la publicación de la bula Ite vos o la desaparición de los franciscanos conventuales en España. También se hará hincapié en la tesis de que la observancia de la regla se había mantenido en la orden desde sus propios orígenes, una idea subrayada y defendida por muchos de estos cronistas.
Las reformas franciscanas en la Andalucía Bética a fines de la Edad Media. Un camino entre la frustración y la autonomía
Authors: Miura Andrades José María
Published: January 2022

En la Andalucía Bética, desde fines del siglo xiv, se va a ir produciendo una proliferación de grupos de varones que, solos o en grupos, siguiendo alguna regla o careciendo de ella, se retiran a la soledad del medio rural para vivir una vida religiosa plena. Algunos de ellos serán la semilla de conventos y monasterios de diferentes órdenes: jerónimos, dominicos, carmelitas y, especialmente, franciscanos. Los ritmos de estos procesos y las vías de institucionalización seguidos por los distintos grupos franciscanos (reformados, eremitas y/o terceros) son analizadas. Al tiempo que analizamos los trasvases dejamos constancia de la continuación y proliferación del eremitismo como fenómeno a lo largo del siglo XV. En el tránsito del siglo XV al XVI se va a producir una canonización de los grupos reformados en los principios de la Regular Observancia en el conjunto de Andalucía, Sin embargo, los grupos eremíticos continúan y la búsqueda de espacios propios de vivencia religiosa se evidencia en la creación de conventos eremíticos franciscanos vinculados a la Provincia de los Ángeles al margen de la homogeneización establecida por la reforma observante.
El Cisneros político y sus reformas y rupturas
Authors: Alvar Ezquerra Alfredo
Published: January 2022

En el presente trabajo se presenta brevemente la labor política y de reforma de la Iglesia española del cardenal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros. Tras ingresar en la rama observante de la Orden Franciscana hacia 1484, Cisneros desarrolló una fulgurante carrera eclesiástica, que le llevó a ser nombrado confesor de la reina Isabel la Católica en 1492 y arzobispo de Toledo solo tres años más tarde. Con el apoyo de la reina Isabel, Cisneros acelera y consolida el proceso de reforma interior de la Iglesia castellana y de regeneración de los laicos. Se trata también el papel de Cisneros en los proyectos misioneros emprendidos por aquellos años en el reino de Granada, en las Islas Canarias, en las Indias y en el norte de África. Tras recordar el papel político de primer orden representado por Cisneros como regente de Castilla en 1506-1507 y nuevamente en 1516-1517, se presenta finalmente la labor del cardenal como promotor de la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares y de la publicación de la Biblia Políglota Complutense, con el fin de consolidar la reforma de la Iglesia y de la sociedad.
Sports and Physical Education In Indian Society
Authors: Dr. Sunil Babu Chaudhary
Published: January 2022

Physical education has become a national priority in the United States today. In today's society, physical education is a highly regarded and renowned career choice. Today, modern physical education understands its role in a man's total growth. Physical education and sports are becoming an intrinsic element of society and the educational curriculum.. In a variety of methods, the government has successfully implemented its five-year objectives for the advancement of physical education and sport. The current state of physical education and sports in India society is the main focus of this paper.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA BIOFORTIFICAÇÃO NO COMBATE À CARÊNCIA DE VITAMINA A: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Neto Eclésio Batista de Oliveira , Gama Anne Oliveira , Cordeiro Geovanna Cristina Gonçalves da Silva , Santana Rubens Cleiton
Published: January 2022

Introdução: A carência nutricional de Vitamina A é uma importante questão nos países em desenvolvimento, especialmente na Ásia e África, onde milhões de crianças e mulheres grávidas são afetadas. A deficiência de vitamina A pode causar cegueira noturna, pele seca e aumento do risco de infecções graves. Devido à prevalência contínua de deficiência de vitamina A, tem havido grandes esforços para aumentar o conteúdo de carotenóides nos alimentos básicos por meio da biofortificação. Objetivo: Revisar a importância da biofortificação no combate à carência de vitamina A. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica na base de dados BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) e PUBMED com os descritores "Biofortification" e " Vitamin A”, com o operador AND. Os critérios de inclusão foram (1) textos completos condizentes com o tema e objetivos do trabalho; (2) em inglês, espanhol e português; (3) publicados nos últimos 5 anos. Foram encontrados 96 estudos, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram mantidos e analisados 22 estudos. Resultados: Os artigos destacam que a Biofortificação é um processo que visa o melhoramento genético das plantas para a produção de alimentos com maior teor nutritivo em relação às variedades comuns. As técnicas se concentram em culturas como: trigo, arroz, feijão, outras leguminosas e cereais. Dentre as estratégias mais utilizadas para a biofortificação de carotenóides, é possível destacar a alteração da via de biossíntese para direcionar a síntese para um produto específico, geralmente β-caroteno, ou aumento da expressão de genes relacionados à biossíntese de carotenóides, através do cruzamento, inserção de genes, ou até mesmo edição gênica utilizando Crispr/Cas9. A busca revelou uma série de ensaios clínicos randomizados e duplo cego, que tinham como resultando final uma maior concentração sérica de Vitamina A em seus grupos experimentais, demonstrando uma maior biodisponibilidade de carotenóides em alimentos biofortificados como o arroz dourado. Conclusão: A Vitamina A é de extrema importância para a manutenção dos processos vitais humanos, logo são indispensáveis para uma boa saúde e qualidade de vida, é muito importante que mais iniciativas e linhas de pesquisas sejam incentivadas para a implementação de alimentos biofortificados.
OBTENÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE BIODIESEL OBTIDO POR TRANSESTERIFICAÇÃO QUÍMICA COM ÓLEO VEGETAL REUTILIZADO
Authors: Morando Bruna , Soares Fabiana Andreia Schafer de Martini
Published: January 2022

Introdução: A produção de biodiesel vem se tornando uma alternativa mais atrativa recentemente pelos seus benefícios ambientais e por ser uma fonte renovável de combustível. Utilizar óleo usado na produção reduz o custo da produção, comercialização do biocombustível e acaba com a poluição gerada pelo descarte incorreto. O biodiesel é um combustível que não é tóxico e beneficia de várias formas o meio ambiente. Objetivo: O objetivo foi produzir biodiesel através da transesterificação química com óleo de soja residual por via de catálise básica utilizando como catalisador hidróxido de sódio e hidróxido de potássio e álcool etílico. Material e métodos: Os métodos utilizados foram as condições reacionais: óleo descartado de fritura, sistema em batelada com refluxo, temperatura de 95º, reação álcool: óleo 1:5, 0,5g do catalisador (hidróxido de sódio ou hidróxido de potássio) e tempo de 1h de reação. Foram realizadas as análises físico-químicas da matéria-prima e do produto final de umidade, índice de acidez, densidade, viscosidade e teste de solubilidade e teste de combustão. Resultados: A matéria-prima utilizada na síntese do biodiesel estava adequada às especificações ideais para o processo de transesterificação, com acidez em ácidos graxos livres e umidades baixas. Quanto aos parâmetros químicos e físicos do biodiesel produzido, estes apresentam qualidade de acordo com os limites estabelecidos pela ANP para o óleo biodiesel e diesel comercial. Conclusão: A utilização de biodiesel como combustível tem apresentado um potencial promissor no mundo inteiro, seja pela contribuição ao meio ambiente ou energia renovável. A transesterificação com catálise básica de óleo de soja com álcool etílico apresenta-se viável para a produção de biodiesel.
Effects of Serotonin and Cortisol Hormones on Development of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Disease Authors
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University, Najaf, Iraq., Noori Salman Mohammed , Ali Hussein Hazim ,   Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University, Najaf, Iraq., A. Younus Laith ,   Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University, Najaf, Iraq., Abass Naser Fadhil ,   Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University, Najaf, Iraq.
Published: January 2022

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is chronic metabolic disease that characterized by elevation of serum glucose level (hyperglycemia) due to insulin hormone reduce or insulin cells resistance, that generate many complications such as retinopathy. Serotonin is hormonal neurotransmitter commonly found in brain cell but it also present in beta cells of pancreas. It is key hormone that stabilizes mood, feelings of well-being, and happiness. cortisol hormone is steroid hormone product and release by some of adrenal gland layers with a diurnal cycle manner and consider as primary stress hormone , it play role in many functions in body such as bio-molecular metabolisms . The objective of the study is the effects of serotonin and cortisol hormones on development of DM type 2 disease. Also the present study Included this study compared between un-control DM type2 patients (group 1) and controls persons (group 2) , all individuals in this study were age 50-60 years of both genders .All individuals were measured serum serotonin and cortisol hormones level with focus on present of depression or not .Results of study shows reduce of serum serotonin concentration level with increase of cortisol concentration level in uncontrol DM type 2 group compare with control group. Also the un-control DM type 2 group have depression situation when compare with control group . This study confirms that decreased serum serotonin concentration level and increase of cortisol concentration level can act as support to development of DM type 2 disease
The Effect Of Board Of Commisioner On Firm Value With Capital Structure As An Intervening Variable
Authors: Usry Abdul Kadir , Arniati Tutik , Muslichah
Published: January 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of the board of commissioners (BOC) and capital structure on firm value. This research is a quantitative research, the data is processed using SMART-PLS. The population of this research are banking companies. By using purposive sampling technique, 37 banks were obtained as samples. if the period used is 3 years, the total observation is 111. Research findings indicate that BOC has a positive effect on firm value. Furthermore, the BOC has a negative influence on the capital structure. The next finding is that capital structure has a significant negative effect on firm value. Finally, capital structure mediates the effect of BOC on firm value.
Pengaruh Servqual Terhadap Akuntabilitas Masjid Di Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Yusran Muhammad Yusran , Jumardi Jumardi
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to analyze the accountability of mosques based on the quality of service to the community during the Covid 19 pandemic in West Sulawesi Province. The study used a quantitative approach with the purposive sampling technique which was analyzed by multiple regression. Data were obtained using a questionnaire with 188 respondents. The results showed that the servqual variables Professional Skill (X1), Attitudes and Behavior (X2), Accessibility and Flexibility (X3), Realiability and Trustworthiness (X4), Reputation and Credibility (X6) had a significant influence on mosque accountability. Simultaneously, all servqual variables have a significant effect on mosque accountability. While the variable Servqual Recovery (X5) does not have a significant effect on the accountability of the mosque. This is due to the health financial aspect, many administrators or community leaders and the surrounding environment neglect to implement strict health protocols. Many people tend to ignore health prevention and control standards during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Key Word: Mosque Accountability, Servqual, Covid 19 Pandemic
¡Ernesto Guevara ha muerto! ¡Viva el Che!
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: January 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 589-590, 1997: 1197-1201.
Characterisation of recombinant beta-glucosidases from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP and investigation of their synergistic potential in cellulose hydrolysis
Authors:   , Langa Cebeni Nkosihawukile
Published: January 2022

Beta-glucosidases are present in all domains of living organisms and catalyse various biological functions. They hydrolyse β-1,4 glycosidic linkages and synthesise glucosides through transglycosylation or reverse hydrolysis. β-glucosidases are an important class of enzymes having significant prospects in industrial biotechnology. However, cellulolytic microorganisms produces this enzyme in insufficient amounts. This presents a great obstacle in large-scale biotechnology applications. Therefore, the search for novel β-glucosidases is ongoing to counteract this issue. Genome sequencing of Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP revealed multiple β-glucosidase genes. This study was aimed at characterising five T. lanuginosus SSBP β-glucosidases (Bgls) expressed in Pichia pastoris. Minimal methanol medium (MM) is commonly used for induction of expression in P. pastoris. In this medium, only Bgl2 was expressed after 144 hours. An activity of 71.9 U/ml was obtained whereas Bgl1, Bgl3, Bgl4 and Bgl5 were not detectable. Yeast extract, peptone and methanol (YPM) was then used as an alternative medium. In YPM, all the enzymes were produced after 168 hours of induction of expression. Bgl1, Bgl2, Bgl3, Bgl4 and Bgl5 activities were 1.5 U/ml, 310.8 U/ml, 0.9 U/ml, 1.8 U/ml and 0.9 U/ml, respectively. The sizes of Bgls were determined using nucleotide sequences. Bgl1, Bgl2, Bgl3, Bgl4 and Bgl5 sizes were 99.9 kDa, 46.5 kDa, 46.8 kDa, 68.9 kDa and 54.3 kDa, respectively. After partial purification, the specific activities of 50.4 U/mg for Bgl1, 553.7 U/mg for Bgl2, 72.0 U/mg for Bgl3, 111.6 U/mg for Bgl4 and 44.0 U/mg for Bgl5 were obtained. The Bgls performed optimally at pH 6.0 and temperature of 50-60℃. Bgl2 and Bgl4 hydrolysed all the tested natural substrates of different linkages, indicating broad substrate specificity. Bgl1, Bgl3 and Bgl5 selectively hydrolysed β-1,3/6-linked substrates (gentiobiose and laminarin). Bgl2 was the dominating recombinant enzyme and it showed the ability to work in synergy with a commercial cellulase to hydrolyse microcrystalline (MCC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Upon supplementation of Bgl2, a 58% and 91% increase in glucose production was achieved from MCC and CMC, respectively. Therefore, this enzyme has potential to be used in cellulose degradation for valorisation of waste lignocellulosic biomass.
Digital Marketing, Msme Product Marketing Innovation
Authors: Suryanto Dardi
Published: January 2022

The use of digital media for business is not only an additional marketing activity, but also an integrated communication mechanism that amplifies the impact of every function in an organization by leveraging the power of human networks through a platform. Digital-based marketing is used to get consumers, build their preferences, promote brands, retain consumers, and increase the number of products sold and ultimately increase profits. Digital Marketing allows buyers to get all information about products and can make buying and selling transactions via the internet. Like sellers, they too can monitor, and cater to the needs and wants of potential buyers without time and geographical restrictions. Digital marketing is a two-way communication that can create awareness and engagement in the community for certain products and brands.
Sunat dan Penamaan Yesus di Hari Kedelapan
Authors: Santoso Audy
Published: January 2022

Maka sesungguhnya manusia belum memiliki identitas di hadapan Tuhan sampai ia diberikan nama. Maka penyunatan dan penamaan memiliki sifat nubuatan yang baru digenapi oleh Yesus yang menjadi identitas sejati akan siapakah manusia, setelah penantian panjang akan keturunan perempuan, keturunan Abraham, dan keturunan Daud. Hanya mereka yang di dalam Kristus-lah yang akan memiliki identitas sejati, nama baru yang Tuhan berikan (Why. 3:17). Nama kita masing-masing belum final sampai kita disempurnakan seperti Kristus
Surveillance, Security, and Neo-noir Film: Spike Lee’s ‘Inside Man’ As a 9/11 Counter-narrative
Authors: Castells-Talens Antoni
Published: January 2022

After the 9/11 terrorist attacks of 2001, a patriotic narrative permeated all aspects of US society. Planned and executed by the George W. Bush administration and reproduced by the media and by other social institutions, the narrative of the War on Terror permeated all aspects of society with little opposition. A few weeks after the attacks, Congress passed the Patriot Act, a bill that redefined security and surveillance in the United States. The new act contributed to the erosion of civil rights. This article analyzes how Spike Lee’s Inside Man (2006), a film that critics interpreted as a commercial thriller when it was launched, employs resources from film noir and neo-noir to construct a counter-narrative on security and surveillance. Through a plot that causes confusion, a distinct visual style, a typically noir role of the hero, and hidden references to a 9/11 theme, the film borrows elements from classical film noir and from eighties neo-noir to take a firm stand against the US response to the terrorist attacks. The movie removes the mask of the dominant narrative by showing a structurally corrupt system.
Propagandistic Atavism in Post-conflict Northern Ireland: On Riots As Discursive Events
Authors: Goulding Stephen , McCroy Amy
Published: January 2022

In Northern Ireland (NI), riots are frequently employed by communities as a means of voicing political discontent. In the post-conflict era particularly, NI has witnessed a growing pattern of (reactionary) riots enacted by marginalised communities who feel increasingly disenfranchised. Yet, this communicative capacity of riots remains largely unsung in the literature on political communication in NI. Significantly, such marginalised groups remain side-lined in NI’s public sphere in order to stabilise power-sharing arrangements. Historically, through state-censorship imposed during NI’s political conflict, “the Troubles”, such peripheral status impelled marginalised movements to utilise alternative media practices (e.g., political muralism) to draw attention to their agendas (Rolston, 1991, 2003; Hoey, 2018). In the post-conflict era, however, these marginalised actors are increasingly instrumentalising riots as publicly performed spectacles to publicise their political grievances.
The loyalist riots of spring 2021 stand out as one such case study, wherein a marginalised community utilised a riot as a mediatised public platform to disseminate messages to external audiences that, up until then, had been inattentive to the concerns of loyalism. In lieu of the above, the following article’s objectives are two-fold: firstly, we expound a conceptual understanding of riots as “discursive events” before presenting an analytical instrument capable of analysing riots in this light. Secondly, relying on primary data, we apply this framework in an analysis of a case study of the 2021 loyalist riots in NI. Beyond demonstrating the expediency of discursive approaches in the analysis of riots, the findings of our case study illuminate the strategic, propagandistic and instrumental dimensions of the 2021 loyalist riots which research has so far neglected.
"Who wants to retain excellence needs continuous transformation": The journey of a Science Education Centre in Austria
Authors: Frantz-Pittner Andrea , Grabner Silvia , Rauch Franz
Published: January 2022

Educational Action Research is not only an effective instrument for the development of teaching and the acquisition of educational knowledge, but also serves as a guiding philosophy for educational institutions in their continuous process of identity development and self-reflection. The example of an Austrian Science Education Centre shows in which dimensions this can be effective and gives an impression of how the idea of a continuous iterative development process can be shaped in practice.