bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nutrient Intake during Pregnancy and Lactation on the Endocrine Pancreas of the Offspring
Authors: Moullé Valentine Suzanne , Parnet Patricia
Published: November 2019

The pancreas has an essential role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only hormone with a blood glucose lowering effect in mammals. Several circulating molecules are able to positively or negatively influence insulin secretion. Among them, nutrients such as fatty acids or amino acids can directly act on specific receptors present on pancreatic beta cells. Dietary intake, especially excessive nutrient intake, is known to modify energy balance in adults, resulting in pancreatic dysfunction. However, gestation and lactation are critical periods for fetal development and pup growth and specific dietary nutrients are required for optimal growth. Feeding alterations during these periods will impact offspring development and increase the risk of developing metabolic disorders in adulthood, leading to metabolic programming. This review will focus on the influence of nutrient intake during gestation and lactation periods on pancreas development and function in offspring, highlighting the molecular mechanism of imprinting on this organ.
Effect of Elevated CO2 Concentration on the Disease Severity of Compatible and Incompatible Interactions of Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem
Authors: Zou Zhongwei , Liu Fei , Chen Changqin , Fernando W. G. Dilantha
Published: November 2019

Global warming by increased atmospheric CO2 concentration has been widely accepted. Yet, there has not been any consistent conclusion on the doubled CO2 concentration that in the future will affect plant disease incidence and severity. Blackleg disease, mainly caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is a major disease on canola production globally. Brassica napus and L. maculans have a gene-for-gene interaction, which causes an incompatible reaction between canola plants carrying resistance genes and L. maculans isolates carrying corresponding avirulence genes. In this study, B. napus varieties and lines inoculated with different Leptosphaeria isolates were subjected to simulated growth conditions, namely, growth chambers with normal environments and with controlled CO2 concentrations of 400, 600, and 800 ppm. The results indicated that the elevated CO2 concentrations have no noticeable effect on the inferred phenotypes of the canola–blackleg interactions. However, the disease severity decreased in most of the B. napus–L. maculans interactions at extremely high CO2 concentration (800 ppm). The varied pathogenicity changes of the B. napus–L. maculans pathosystem under elevated CO2 concentrations at 400 or 600 ppm may be due to the genetic background or physiological differences in plants and pathogenicity differences in L. maculans isolates having different Avr gene profiles. The mechanisms by which elevated CO2 concentrations affect the B. napus–L. maculans pathosystem will help us understand how climate change will impact crops and diseases.
The Use of Chitosan, Alginate, and Pectin in the Biomedical and Food Sector—Biocompatibility, Bioadhesiveness, and Biodegradability
Authors: Martău Gheorghe Adrian , Mihai Mihaela , Vodnar Dan Cristian
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, biopolymers as intelligent and active biopolymer systems in the food and pharmaceutical industry are of considerable interest in their use. With this association in view, biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, pectin, cellulose, agarose, guar gum, agar, carrageenan, gelatin, dextran, xanthan, and other polymers have received significant attention in recent years due to their abundance and natural availability. Furthermore, their versatile properties such as non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and flexibility offer significant functionalities with multifunctional applications. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most compatible biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, and pectin, which are used for application in food, biotechnological processes, and biomedical applications. Therefore, chitosan, alginate, and pectin are biopolymers (used in the food industry as a stabilizing, thickening, capsular agent, and packaging) with great potential for future developments. Moreover, this review highlights their characteristics, with a particular focus on their potential for biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioadhesiveness, and their limitations on certain factors in the human gastrointestinal tract.
Characterization and Optimization of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Polyacrylonitrile Membranes
Authors: Pérez-Álvarez Leyre , Ruiz-Rubio Leire , Moreno Isabel , Vilas-Vilela José Luis
Published: November 2019

There is currently an increasing interest in the development of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based membranes with new and enhanced properties which are of special importance in the processes of pervaporation, purification, and water treatment. Thus, the optimization of the functionalization of PAN membranes and its effect on their morphology, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties plays an essential role in a wide range of applications. In this paper, the alkaline hydrolysis of asymmetric PAN membranes was investigated in order to get carboxyl-enriched surfaces that are of a great interest for more demanding subsequent modifications. The process was monitored using –C=NH intermediate bonds, which could be observed during the hydrolysis reaction by X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) before the formation of carboxyl and amide groups. The amount of introduced carboxylic acid groups could be determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and by the interaction with toluidine blue O (TBO) dye. Hydrolysis was revealed as a simple way to modulate hydrophilicity (decreasing contact angle from 60 to 0° for reaction times from 0–3 h) and the mechanical properties of PAN membranes.
Ablation Behavior of Silicone Rubber-Benzoxazine-Based Composites for Ultra-High Temperature Applications
Authors: Gao Jinglong , Li Zhixuan , Li Jiayi , Liu Yanhui
Published: November 2019

A novel type of silicon rubber composite with benzoxazine resins (BZs) and ZrO2 was prepared. The ablative response of the composites was investigated. The results showed that the composites with BZs had superior thermal stability and higher resides compared to the pristine composites. The linear ablation rate of the composites decreased significantly with the increase in ZrO2 content. The maximum back-face temperature of the burnt samples was no more than 100 °C for the obtained composites. Three major ablation processes were carried out simultaneously during the ablation processing. These mainly involved the carbonization of the composite, and the formation of ceramic compounds such as SiC and ZrC, as well as the shielding effect of the ablated layer, which subsequently enhanced the ablation resistance of the composites.
Design and Optimization of an MFL Coil Sensor Apparatus Based on Numerical Survey
Authors: Azad Ali , Kim Namgyu
Published: November 2019

In this study, we aimed to design a coil sensor prototype capable of detecting metallic area loss based on numerical simulations using the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) method. Unlike previous numerical simulation-based studies, which are only conducted to obtain the MFL itself, the main objectives of this study were (1) to acquire the induced current in the coil sensor and (2) to optimize the apparatus based on a time-dependent numerical analysis. As a result, the optimum values of parameters in magnetizing and sensing units were obtained numerically. A magnetic sensor prototype was then fabricated using the optimum parameters obtained by numerical parametric study. Finally, experimental validation tests were conducted on a solid steel rod specimen with a stepwise cross-sectional reduction flaw. It was observed that numerical simulation had approximately 91% precision compared to the experimental test. The results reveal that application of a realistic numerical simulation of an MFL coil sensor can probably provide essential information for MFL-sensor fabrication and allows for preventive measures to be taken before manufacturing failure or defect misdetection.
Iterative Positioning Algorithm for Indoor Node Based on Distance Correction in WSNs
Authors: Chen Jing , Wang Shixin , Ouyang Mingsan , Xuan Yuting , Li Kuan-Ching
Published: November 2019

Node position information is critical in wireless sensor networks (WSN). However, existing positioning algorithms commonly have the issue of low positioning accuracy due to noise interferences in communication. Hence, proposed in this paper is an iterative positioning algorithm based on distance correction to improve the positioning accuracy of target nodes in WSNs, with contributions including (1) a log-distance distribution model of received signal strength indication (RSSI) ranging which is built and from which is derived a noise impact factor based on the model, (2) the initial position coordinates of the target node obtained using a triangle centroid localization algorithm, via which the distance deviation coefficient under the influence of noise is calculated, and (3) the ratio of the distance measured by the log-distance distribution model to the median distance deviation coefficient which is taken as the new distance between the target node and the anchor node. Based on the new distance, the triangular centroid positioning algorithm is applied to calculate the coordinates of the target node, after which the iterative positioning model is constructed and the distance deviation coefficient updated repeatedly to update the positioning result until the criteria of iterations are reached. Experiment results show that the proposed iterative positioning algorithm is promising and effectively improves positioning accuracy.
Continuous Dynamics Monitoring of Multi-Lake Water Extent Using a Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Fusion Method Based on Two Sets of MODIS Products
Authors: Rao Pinzeng , Lou Linjiang , Jiang Weiguo , Wang Yicheng , Wang Xiaoya , Cao Xiayu
Published: November 2019

Due to the widespread presence of noise, such as clouds and cloud shadows, continuous, high spatiotemporal-resolution dynamic monitoring of lake water extents is still limited using remote sensing data. This study aims to take an approach to mapping continuous time series of highly-accurate lake water extents. Four lakes from diverse regions of China were selected as cases. In order to reduce the impact of noise and ensure high spatial and temporal resolution of the final results, two sets of MODIS products (including MOD09A1 and MOD13Q1) are used to extract water bodies. This approach mainly comprises preliminary classification, post processing and data fusion. The preliminary classification used the Random Forest (RF) classifier to efficiently and automatically obtain the initial classification results. Post-processing is implemented to repair the classification results affected by noise as much as possible. The processed results of the two sets of products are fused by using the Homologous Data-Based Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Fusion Method (HDSTAFM), which reduces the effect of noise and also improve the temporal and spatial resolution for the final water results. We determined the accuracy using Landsat-based water results, and the values of overall accuracy (OA), user’s accuracy (UA), producer’s accuracy (PA), and kappa coefficients (KC) are mostly greater than 0.9. Good correlation was achieved for a time series of water area and altimetry data, obtained by multiple satellites, and also for water-level data selected from hydrological stations.
Deployment and Verifications of the Spatial Filtering of Data Measured by Field Harvesters and Methods of Their Interpolation: Czech Cereal Fields between 2014 and 2018
Authors: Řezník Tomáš , Pavelka Tomáš , Herman Lukáš , Leitgeb Šimon , Lukas Vojtěch , Širůček Petr
Published: November 2019

Yield mapping is a subject of research in (precision) agriculture and one of the primary concerns for farmers as it forms the basis of their income and has implications for subsidies and taxes. The presented approach involves deployment of field harvesters equipped with sensors that provide more detailed and spatially localized values than merely a sum of yields for the whole plot. The measurements from such sensors need to be filtered and subject to further processing, including interpolation, to facilitate follow-up interpretation. This paper aims to identify the relative differences between interpolations from (1) (field) measured data, (2) measured data that were globally filtered, and (3) measured data that were globally and locally filtered. All the measured data were obtained at a fully operational farm and are considered to represent a natural experiment. The revealed spatial patterns and recommendations regarding global and local filtering methods are presented at the end of the paper. Time investments into filtering techniques are also taken into account.
Study on the Effect of Man-Machine Response Mode to Relieve Driving Fatigue Based on EEG and EOG
Authors: Wang Fuwang , Xu Qing , Fu Rongrong
Published: November 2019

Rapid and accurate detection of driver fatigue is of great significance to improve traffic safety. In the present work, we propose the man-machine response mode (MRM) to relieve driver fatigue caused by long-term driving. In this paper, the characteristics of the complex brain network, which can effectively reflect brain activity information, were used to detect the change of driving fatigue over time. Combined with the traditional eye movement characteristics and a subjective questionnaire (SQ), the changes in driving fatigue characteristics were comprehensively analyzed. The results show that driving fatigue can be effectively delayed using the MRM. Additionally, the response equipment is low in cost and practical, so it will be practical to use in actual driving situations in the future.
Exploring the Role of Outdoor Recreation to Contribute to Urban Climate Resilience
Authors: Beery Thomas
Published: November 2019

Climate resilience is an important mix of climate mitigation and climate adaptation designed to minimize current and future disruption while promoting opportunity. Given the importance of the regional and local arena for consideration of impacts of climate change trends and needs for climate action, climate resilience in one community, Duluth, Minnesota, is considered. At the core of this project is the climate resilience question: what can we currently be doing in our communities to prepare for projected climate change while simultaneously improving life for current residents and visitors? Given the growing importance of outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism in Duluth, the role this sector may be able to play in climate resilience is considered. Using action research methodology, the research process of adjusting, presenting, and conducting follow-up from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Adaptation for Coastal Communities workshop is presented. The study takes a unique look at one workshop outcome, a Duluth Parks and Recreation planning tool. Specifically, a resilience checklist is presented as a useful sample outcome of the overall process. Beyond the study community, the role of outdoor recreation to serve climate resilience is explored and affirmed.
Green Affordable Housing: Cost-Benefit Analysis for Zoning Incentives
Authors: Jeddi Yeganeh Armin , McCoy Andrew Patton , Hankey Steve
Published: November 2019

In the year 2017, about 89% of the total energy consumed in the US was produced using non-renewable energy sources, and about 43% of tenant households were cost burdened. Local governments are in a unique position to facilitate green affordable housing, that could reduce cost burdens, environmental degradation, and environmental injustice. Nonetheless, limited studies have made progress on the costs and benefits of green affordable housing, to guide decision-making, particularly in small communities. This study investigates density bonus options for green affordable housing by analyzing construction costs, transaction prices, and spillover effects of green certifications and affordable housing units. The authors employ pooled cross-sectional construction cost and price data from 422 Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) projects and 11,016 Multiple Listing Service (MLS) transactions in Virginia. Using hedonic regression analyses controlling for mediating factors, the study finds that the new construction of market-rate green certified houses is associated with small upfront costs, but large and statistically significant price premiums. In addition, the construction of market-rate green certified houses has large and statistically significant spillover effects on existing non-certified houses. Existing non-certified affordable housing units show small and often insignificant negative price impacts on the transaction prices of surrounding properties. The study concludes that the magnitude of social benefits associated with green building justifies the local provision of voluntary programs for green affordable housing, where housing is expensive relative to its basic cost of production.
An Innovative Home Energy Management Model with Coordination among Appliances using Game Theory
Authors: Jamil Aqib , Alghamdi Turki Ali , Khan Zahoor Ali , Javaid Sakeena , Haseeb Abdul , Wadud Zahid , Javaid Nadeem
Published: November 2019

The feature of bidirectional communication in a smart grid involves the interaction between consumer and utility for optimizing the energy consumption of the users. For optimal management of the energy at the end user, several demand side management techniques are implemented. This work proposes a home energy management system, where consumption of household appliances is optimized using a hybrid technique. This technique is developed from cuckoo search algorithm and earthworm algorithm. However, there is a problem in such home energy management systems, that is, an uncertain behavior of the user that can lead to force start or stop of an appliance, deteriorating the purpose of scheduling of appliances. In order to solve this issue, coordination among appliances for rescheduling is incorporated in home energy management system using game theory. The appliances of the home are categorized in three different groups and their electricity cost is computed through the real-time pricing signals. Optimization schemes are implemented and their performance is scrutinized with and without coordination among the appliances. Simulation outcomes display that our proposed technique has minimized the total electricity cost by 50.6% as compared to unscheduled cost. Moreover, coordination among appliances has helped in increasing the user comfort by reducing the waiting time of appliances. The Shapley value has outperformed the Nash equilibrium and zero sum by achieving the maximum reduction in waiting time of appliances.
A New Attitudinal Integral-Model to Explain Green Purchase Intention
Authors: Sarabia-Andreu Francisco , Sarabia-Sánchez Francisco J. , Moreno-Albaladejo Pablo
Published: November 2019

This study explores the relationship between different implicit and explicit attitudes and green purchase intention. A distinction is made between the cognitive and affective components of implicit attitudes. Negative-oriented attitudes such as cynicism and skepticism are also examined. The data collection process provided 724 responses to two online Implicit Association Tests, followed by a questionnaire on explicit attitudes. Two products (insecticide and toothpaste) in green and conventional formats were used. Each individual responded to a random choice of one of these two products. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. The cognitive and affective components of implicit attitudes were confirmed to be different constructs. Only the cognitive construct was observed to influence attitudes toward green products. Skepticism was observed to negatively influence attitudes toward green products, although it was not found to influence either attitudes toward purchasing green products versus conventional products or purchase intentions. This study offers an innovative approach by examining different types of attitudes that have never been analyzed together in the literature on green products.
Optimal Energy Management of Railroad Electrical Systems with Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Park Seunghyun , Salkuti Surender Reddy
Published: November 2019

The proposed optimal energy management system balances the energy flows among the energy consumption by accelerating trains, energy production from decelerating trains, energy from wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) energy systems, energy storage systems, and the energy exchange with a traditional electrical grid. In this paper, an AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem is formulated by optimizing the total cost of operation of a railroad electrical system. The railroad system considered in this paper is composed of renewable energy resources such as wind and solar PV systems, regenerative braking capabilities, and hybrid energy storage systems. The hybrid energy storage systems include storage batteries and supercapacitors. The uncertainties associated with wind and solar PV powers are handled using probability distribution functions. The proposed optimization problem is solved using the differential evolution algorithm (DEA). The simulation results show the suitability and effectiveness of proposed approach.
Sustainability and Tourism Competitiveness in Protected Areas: State of Art and Future Lines of Research
Authors: Rodríguez-López Nuria , Diéguez-Castrillón M. Isabel , Gueimonde-Canto Ana
Published: November 2019

The sustainability approach applied to tourism has been taking shape as a dominant paradigm in tourism research, as well as becoming a requirement to achieve tourism competitiveness. This paper focuses specifically on the application of both concepts to protected areas, as tourist destinations. A bibliometric approach is adopted to provide information about the patterns and trends in the accumulation of knowledge related to this field, as well as to map its social, conceptual, and intellectual structure. Both evaluative and relational techniques are used to analyse the papers published until August 2019 and collected in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. The results indicate that the research field has experienced significant growth in the last decade, with institutions of the USA and Australia as stimuli of scientific progress in this field. This study finds eight thematic clusters, although there is subject dispersion within each cluster, linked to the emerging and multidisciplinary nature of the field. Based on the working lines open, the study also identifies possible future approaches, linked to the incorporation of the perspectives and objectives of the different stakeholders, and the development of indicators to monitor and control dimensions of interest.
The Effect of Botulinum Toxin Injections on Gross Motor Function for Lower Limb Spasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Choi Ja Young , Kim Seung Ki , Park Eun Sook
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections and their efficacy on gross motor function for lower limb spasticity in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). This retrospective study included 919 injection occasions from 591 children with CP who received a lower limb BoNT-A injection between 2006 and 2016. The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88), the Modified Ashworth Scale, and the Modified Tardieu Scale were administered before and after injections. Injections were predominantly administered to children under the age of 6 years. The most common muscle injection site was the calf muscle for dynamic foot deformity. The second most commonly injected muscle was the hip adductor among 2–3 year olds and the hamstring muscle among 4–6 year olds. Distal injections were predominantly administered to high-functioning children, whereas proximal injections were typically administered to low-functioning children. Multilevel injections were mostly administered to midfunctioning children. GMFM-88 scores significantly increased post-injection for both high- and low-functioning groups. Younger age at injection and distal injection type were associated with larger improvements on the GMFM-88 at both short- and midterm follow-up. The target muscles for injection varied depending on gross motor functioning and age. Younger age at injection and distal injection type were significantly related with greater gain in gross motor function.
Viruses in the Invasive Hornet Vespa velutina
Authors: Dalmon Anne , Gayral Philippe , Decante Damien , Klopp Christophe , Bigot Diane , Thomasson Maxime , Herniou Elisabeth A , Alaux Cédric , Le Conte Yves
Published: November 2019

The Asian yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax, a major predator of honeybees, is spreading in Europe in part due to a lack of efficient control methods. In this study, as a first step to identify biological control agents, we characterized viral RNA sequences present in asymptomatic or symptomatic hornets. Among 19 detected viruses, the honey bee virus Deformed wing virus-B was predominant in all the samples, particularly in muscles from the symptomatic hornet, suggesting a putative cause of the deformed wing symptom. Interestingly, two new viruses closely related to Acyrthosiphon pisum virus and Himetobi P virus and viruses typically associated with honey bees, Acute bee paralysis virus and Black queen cell virus, were detected in the brain and muscles, and may correspond to the circulation and possible replication forms of these viruses in the hornet. Aphid lethal paralysis virus, Bee Macula-like virus, and Moku virus, which are known to infect honey bees, were also identified in the gut virus metagenome of hornets. Therefore, our study underlined the urgent need to study the host range of these newly discovered viruses in hornets to determine whether they represent a new threat for honey bees or a hope for the biocontrol of V. velutina.
Characterization of a Novel Thermobifida fusca Bacteriophage P318
Authors: Cheepudom Jatuporn , Lin Tzu-Ling , Lee Cheng-Cheng , Meng Menghsiao
Published: November 2019

Thermobifida fusca is of biotechnological interest due to its ability to produce an array of plant cell wall hydrolytic enzymes. Nonetheless, only one T. fusca bacteriophage with genome information has been reported to date. This study was aimed at discovering more relevant bacteriophages to expand the existing knowledge of phage diversity for this host species. With this end in view, a thermostable T. fusca bacteriophage P318, which belongs to the Siphoviridae family, was isolated and characterized. P318 has a double-stranded DNA genome of 48,045 base pairs with 3′-extended COS ends, on which 52 putative ORFs are organized into clusters responsible for the order of genome replication, virion morphogenesis, and the regulation of the lytic/lysogenic cycle. In comparison with T. fusca and the previously discovered bacteriophage P1312, P318 has a much lower G+C content in its genome except at the region encompassing ORF42, which produced a protein with unknown function. P1312 and P318 share very few similarities in their genomes except for the regions encompassing ORF42 of P318 and ORF51 of P1312 that are homologous. Thus, acquisition of ORF42 by lateral gene transfer might be an important step in the evolution of P318.
Greenhouse and Nursery Water Management Characterization and Research Priorities in the USA
Authors: White Sarah A. , Owen James S. , Majsztrik John C. , Oki Lorence R. , Fisher Paul R. , Hall Charles R. , Lea-Cox John D. , Fernandez R. Thomas
Published: November 2019

Nursery, floriculture, and propagation production accounted for 79% ($13.3 Billion) of 2017 ornamental specialty crop production in the United States. Access to high quality water sources is increasingly limited for irrigating these economically significant crops. Given the production, environmental, and economic issues associated with the use of water—including recycled, reclaimed, surface, and ground water—it is critical to develop sustainable runoff, containment, and remediation technologies, and to identify alternative sources of water. To better understand current practices and future water-related needs as perceived by grower stakeholders, an online survey was distributed nationally and five in-depth round table discussion sessions were conducted at the Mid-Atlantic Nursery Trade Show, Gulf States Horticultural Expo, California Grown Show, AmericanHort’s Cultivate, and the Farwest Show with a total of 36 individual industry participants. A team of research and extension specialists facilitated by a Specialty Crops Research Initiative Planning Grant (NIFA Project # 2011-51181-30633) analyzed and concisely summarized the results from the survey and the round table discussions. Research priorities related to water management identified by stakeholders revolved around six themes: (1) recycled water infrastructure and management; (2) contaminants; (3) plant health and water quality; (4) water treatment technologies; (5) competing and complementary water uses; (6) societal perception of agricultural water use.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis on Hydraulic Characteristics of Coastal Aquifers with Seawall
Authors: Lee Woo-Dong , Yoo Young-Jae , Jeong Yeon-Myeong , Hur Dong-Soo
Published: November 2019

In this study, hydraulic model experiments were conducted to measure the saltwater–freshwater equilibrium interface in a coastal aquifer with underground obstructions such as an impermeable seawall. To analyse the hydraulic characteristics inside the coastal aquifer, numerical analysis was conducted using a non-hydrostatic Navier-Stokes solver based on the Porous Body Model (PBM), which can directly analyse groundwater flow. A unique saltwater–freshwater equilibrium interface that does not appear in typical coastal aquifer analyses was observed in a sandy tank experiment. In the experiment, the rise of the groundwater level behind the seawall increased the pressure gradient and groundwater flow rate, causing the saltwater–freshwater interface to move towards the sea and a freshwater region to form on the seabed in front of the seawall. The numerical analysis enabled close examination of the groundwater level distribution, groundwater flow, seawater–freshwater interface, and pore water pressure characteristics of the coastal aquifer with underground obstructions. The sandy tank experiment also provided an understanding of the hydraulic characteristics of groundwater in the coastal aquifer with a seawall, which previously could not be accurately analysed. The experimental and analytical results demonstrated that the rise of groundwater level due to underground obstructions in the coastal aquifer increased the pressure gradient and groundwater flow rate and slowed seawater intrusion. This principle can be employed to sufficiently reduce seawater intrusion of coastal aquifers.
Reduction of Potable Water Consumption and Sewage Generation on a City Scale: A Case Study in Brazil
Authors: Cureau Roberta Jacoby , Ghisi Enedir
Published: November 2019

This article aims to estimate the reduction of potable water consumption and sewage generation in the city of Joinville, southern Brazil. Four strategies were considered to promote potable water savings: replacement of conventional toilets with dual-flush ones, greywater reuse, rainwater harvesting, and the combination of these three strategies. Residential, public, and commercial sectors were assessed. The potential for potable water savings ranged from 1.7% to 50.5%, and the potential for sewage generation reduction ranged from 2.1% to 52.1%. The single-family residential sector was the most representative for water savings and sewage generation reduction. The public sector would be the least contributor to such reductions. It was found that in the city of Joinville, for low non-potable water demands, greywater reuse was the most viable strategy to save water. When non-potable demand is high and there is a large catchment area, it is recommended to install rainwater harvesting systems. It was concluded that there is a high potential for potable water savings and reduction of sewage generation if measures were adopted in Joinville, but it is necessary to evaluate which strategy is the most appropriate for each building.
Étude du mécanisme de la migration du sodium et du potassium au cours de leur analyse à la microsonde électronique
Authors: Autefage Francis , Couderc Jean-Jacques
Published: November 2019

We have studied sodium and potassium migration during electron microprobe analysis for different experimental conditions (accelerating voltage, sample current, microprobe diameter, rate of displacement and sample temperature). In terms of the experimental results, a two stade mechanism of migration is proposed : bonding breaking and atom displacement.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES IN THE NORTH-WEST PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER OF ROSPOTREBNADZOR (ON THE 95-TH ANNIVERSARY OF INSTITUTION)
Authors: Gorbanev S.A.
Published: November 2019

We presented results in major scientific areas being developed in the North-West Public Health Research center throughout the 95-year history of its existence. Leningrad Institute for the Study of Occupational Diseases, which was established in 1924, have developed scientific bases for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of occupational diseases; created national school of industrial toxicology, developed procedure for hygienic regulation of harmful occupational and environmental factors in human environment. The stages of activity in the field of occupational pathology, occupational hygiene, industrial toxicology are reviewed. Currently, the research is underway to assess occupational and environmental risks to public health from exposure to harmful factors, and to improve measures to minimize them. Priorities for further development of scientific research are identified.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Pembayaran Hutang atas Pembelian Obat Pada Apotek Nur Mulia Farma
Authors: Natalia Fransisca , Ayumida Surtika , Safitri Lina Ayu
Published: November 2019

Semakin pesatnya perkembangan dunia usaha, akan berdampak bagi usaha-usaha yang tidak mampu bersaing dan bertahan mengakibatkan suatu usaha akan tersingkir dari dunia industri. Oleh karena itu banyak usaha yang meningkatkan kualitas dalam usahanya baik dalam segi pembelian bahan baku ataupun dalam pelunasan hutang. Apotek Nur Mulia Farma membutuhkan sekali adanya sistem informasi yang menunjang dalam memberikan pelayanan bagi para supplier. Untuk itulah penulis mencoba membuat Tugas Akhir mengenai sistem pembayaran hutang atas pembelian kepada supplier yang sampai saat ini masih belum tersistem. Apotek Merupakan perusahaan jasa pembelian dan penjualan obat-obatan yang memiliki izin resmi langsung dari bidang kesehatan. Untuk melakukan pengembangan usaha peranan komputer sangat berpengaruh bagi apotek, tanpa adanya komputer suatu transaksi yang terjadi dalam apotek tidak dapat dilaksanakan secara optimal. Sistem yang digunakan pada apotek masih sangat sederhana dimulai dari proses pengecekan obat yang akan dipesan, proses pemesanan obat, proses penerimaan obat, proses pembayaran hutang jatuh tempo, dan proses pencatatan laporan baik laporan harian maupun laporan bulanan yang terjadi pada apotek Nur Mulia Farma. Sehingga memungkinkan terjadi kesalahan dalam pencatatannya, kurang akuratnya laporan yang dibuat dan keterlambatan dalam pencarian data-data yang diperlukan. Rancang bangun sistem ini merupakan solusi yang terbaik untuk memecahkan permasalahan-permasalahan yang terjadi dan dengan adanya sistem yang terkomputerisasi dapat tercapai suatu kegiatan yang efektif dan efisien dalam menunjang aktifitas yang terjadi pada apotek Nur Mulia Farma.
Fuzzy Inference System Pada Prediksi Pembelian Bahan Bakar Pertamax Pada SPBU di Kota Pematangsiantar
Authors: Silitonga Desi Asima , Anjelita Mawaddah , Windarto Agus Perdana
Published: November 2019

Banyaknya masyarakat yang menggunakan kendaraan saat ini membuat bahan bakar sangat diperlukan dalam kebutuhan sehari-hari. Pertamax merupakan bahan bakar minyak yang menjadi andalan Pertamina,karena Pertamax termasuk bahan bakar ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kota pematangsiantar dengan menggunakan beberapa enam sampel SPBU. Proses pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dan observasi dengan pihak SPBU. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi jumlah pembelian bahan bakar khususnya pertamax. Dengan menggunakan 3 variabel: penjualan (X1), persediaan (X2) dan pembelian (X3). Dimana penjualan (X1) memiliki fuzzy set bertambah dan berkurang, persediaan (X2) memiliki fuzzy set banyak dan sedikit, pembelian (X3) memiliki fuzzy set banyak dan berkurang. Hasil dari pehitungan bahwa prediksi jumlah pembelian bahan bakar pertamax dengan penjualan 4400 dan persediaan 19000 adalah 20343 liter.
Penerapan Metode SAW Pemilihan Siswa/i Berprestasi untuk Mendapatkan Beasiswa Pada MTs. Amanah Bamadita
Authors: Budiyono Anggi , Siahaan Fernando B , Sukmana Sulaeman Hadi
Published: November 2019

MTs. Amanah Bamadita merupakan salah satu sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) yang terletak di Jakarta. Sesuai dengan peraturan yang telah ditentukan, pihak MTs. Amanah BAMADITA memberlakukan pengadaan beasiswa yang diberikan kepada siswa-siswi berprestasi. Beasiswa tersebut berupa kebijakan siswa dibebaskan untuk membayar Sumbangan Pembinaan Pendidikan (SPP), dimana setiap bulannya biaya SPP sejumlah Rp. 180.000,00. Adapun dalam pengambilan keputusan penerima beasiswa masih dilakukan secara manual, dimana proses penyeleksian ini hanya menggunakan satu kriteria saja yaitu berdasarkan nilai rapot dan masih adanya kerangkapan data penerimaan beasiswa, sehingga pelaksanaan dan pengadaan beasiswa dinilai belum mampu menciptakan keadilan atau kurang tepat sasaran,  Selain itu masih kurang relevan dalam pemilihan siswa berprestasi untuk mendapatkan beasiswa dikarenakan belum  menggunakan  metode  perhitungan  yang  tepat. Metode yang digunakan adalah Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Hasil peneilitian dari metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) yang telah diperhitungkan dapat disimpulkan bahwa yang berhak menerima beasiswa ada Enam orang siswa dimana memiliki nilai ?0,90 dan yang tertinggi adalah siswa yang bernama Gemma Nur Cahaya dengan hasil 0,96.
Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Tabungan Siswa Berbasis Web Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD)
Authors: Riyanto Andi , Syabaniah Rifa Nurafifah , Selviana Selviana , Marsusanti Eva
Published: November 2019

Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) SPS Anggrek adalah salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang ada di Kecamatan Nagrak-Sukabumi. Dimana sistem tabungan siswa pada (PAUD) SPS Anggrek masih dilakukan dengan cara mencatat pada satu buku catatan dan disatukan dengan catatan lainnya, sehingga menyebabkan staf keuangan mengalami kesulitan dalam proses mengelola tabungan yang memungkinkan terjadi kesalahan pencatatan, pelaporan dan kurangnya keamanan data. Metode pengembangan menggunakan metode SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) dengan menerapkan model waterfall yang disebut model sekuensial linier (sequential linier). Tools yang digunakan pada perancangan ini adalah UML (Unified Modelling Languange). Bahasa pemrograman menggunakan PHP dan MySQL sebagai database. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui pengamatan langsung, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Dari penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah rancang bangun sistem informasi tabungan siswa berbasis web yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan yang ada baik dalam pencatatan, keamanan data dan mempermudah proses pelaporan dengan kelebihan siswa dapat mengakses kapan dan dimana saja untuk melihat dan mencetak histori tabungan.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Pada Materi Statistika Dengan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah
Authors: Taufik Abdul Rachman
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan perangkat model pengajaran berbasis masalah. Produk yang dikembangkan peneliti diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan ajar pada materi statistika. Sampel yang digunakan dipenelitian ini adalah kelas XI yang dilaksanakan di sekolah menengah atas. Metode peneliti dalam mengumpulkan data berupa lembar validasi, observasi, angket dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang telah dikembangkan yaitu RPP, LKPD dan THB masuk dalam kategori valid, praktis, dan efektif sehingga layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika; Peserta didik yang ikut dalam pengajaran berbasis masalah memiliki kemampuan lebih baik daripada yang ikut pengajaran konvensional.
On Threats to the Economic Security of the Republic of Crimea
Authors: Zoidov K. Kh. , Zimenkova E. N.
Published: November 2019

The presented study analyzes threats to regional economic security and searches for ways to improve economic security.Aim. The study aims to identify and analyze potential threats to regional economic security (through the example of the Republic of Crimea).Tasks. The authors conduct a theoretical analysis of the concept of a threat economic security, identify regional features that affect the level of economic security, and list the major threats to the economic security of the Republic of Crimea.Methods. The scientific perspectives of threats to economic security are examined. This study uses logical analysis methods to identify factors that determine regional features and their relationship with the identified threats to economic security. The socio-economic situation in the Republic of Crimea is assessed according to the analysis of statistics.Results. Russian regions are highly different due to their geographic location, natural resource potential, economic specialization, and other factors. This is why threats to regional economic security are identified with allowance for each region’s specific features. The study lists and classifies the major threats to regional economic security, particularly in relation to the Republic of Crimea.Conclusions. In the context of economic crisis, unstable geopolitical situation, and foreign sanctions, economic security becomes one of the top national priorities. Due to Russia’s federal nature, its regions play an important role in the formation of the country’s economic security as a whole. Therefore, it is necessary to identify threats to regional security early and find efficient ways to counter them.
Modelling an Adaptive Cluster Head Positioning Based Map Reducing Strategy for Data Transmission in Medical IoT
Authors:   Research scholar , Department of Computer Science, Rathnavel Subramaniam College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, (Tamil Nadu), India., Ali Gameil S. H. , NITHYA Dr. A. ,   Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, Rathnavel Subramaniam College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, (Tamil Nadu), India.
Published: November 2019

Internet-of-things (IoT) based health monitoring systems have turned out to be an interesting topic to enhance quality of health care services. Moreover, there is no advanced IoT based continuous monitoring of glucose systems in real time and some prevailing techniques have numerous limitations. Here, a continuous and invasive glucose monitoring system for transmitting the condition of individuals simultaneously utilizing IoT is modelled and a general system architectural design for processing back end systems to provide body temperature, real time glucose and contextual data in human readable and graphical forms to the physicians or patients is anticipated. As well, a protocol designs for monitoring the continuous data from IoT devices in order to overcome the short comings of existing methods is provided. The design of an energy efficient routing algorithm is a hot topic in the research of IoT based Data mining. Cluster Heads (CH) form backbone of inter-cluster communication. The selection of reliable and efficient cluster head is another important issue. In most of the clustering process, failure of CH occurs due to energy depletion and if the distance between sink and CH is more, it ultimately leads to failure in transmission. During transmission, nodes may fail that means sudden energy loss or node gets out of coverage. Due to relaying high data traffic, some of nodes quickly exhaust their energy and increase the risk of node failure. As a baseline to node failure, data packet loss also occurs in a CH due to congestion and poor link quality. Hence, one of the most crucial feature in designing a protocol is to minimize energy consumption for betterment of network functioning. Here, a clustering routing protocol based on data mining techniques is applied for sensor nodes in medical field called Adaptive Positioning of Cluster Head based Map reducing (APCH-MR) is proposed. Routing table based code book is generated for privacy concern, in which the process of mapping and reducing the data for dissemination is performed. The simulated outcomes depicts that the total number of packets transmitted in round 500 is 11200, total number of dead nodes during round 500 is 58, and time consumed by nodes at 500 rounds is 0.3751s respectively. The proposed method shows better trade off in contrast to conventional techniques.
Application of High-Performance Computing for Calculating Reserves using the Cape Cod Method
Authors:   Doctorial Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi,, India, Sai S.R.Pranav , Pawar Ajay Singh ,   Master’s Student, Department of Mathematics and Computer science, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi India, Mudigonda Satya Sai ,   Senior Tech Actuarial Consultant, Hon. Professor in Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning Puttaparthi, India, Baruah Dr.Pallav Kumar ,   Associate Professor,Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, India
Published: November 2019

Calculation of reserves is one significant step in the strategic perspective for an insurance company. This is done on a periodic manner in order to have a better understanding regarding the future liabilities of the company. The time required for these calculations will grow quadratically as the size of the input increases. These computations are done several times by taking different factors in view. Thus, these computations become costly with regard to time. One of the many actuarial techniques for calculating reserves namely the Cape Cod method was used to calculate the reserves. HPC was applied for the same in order to reduce the time required to calculate a company’s reserves. We applied HPC to calculate Projected Ultimate Claims based on Cape Cod method. Method takes year wise input of reported claims, incurred claims and earned premiums and outputs Projected Ultimate claims for each year. Making use of the independence which exists in computation of output across years, we parallelized the computations across years. The parallelization strategy proposed gives the speed up to 66194X compared to the serial implementation of the same.