bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características clínicas de la infección por Chikungunya y su impacto en la calidad de vida de pacientes de centros asistenciales del Departamento Central en agosto del 2023
Authors: Villalba Emilio , Romero Rocio , Acosta de Hetter María Eugenia
Published: June 2024

La enfermedad del Chikungunya es una arbovirosis, producida por el virus Alfavirus de la familia Togaviridae, transmitida por la picadura de mosquitos Aedes aegypti o Aedes albopictus. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas y la calidad de vida posterior a la infección por el virus de Chikungunya (CHIKV). Materiales y Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, de pacientes con CHIKV durante el mes de agosto de 2023. Se realizó un cuestionario, se midieron datos sociodemográficos, al diagnóstico de infección por CHIKV, duración de la enfermedad y manifestaciones clínicas. Se incluyó la versión española del “Cuestionario de calidad de vida SF-36”. Resultados: Participaron 192 personas que tuvieron chikungunya. La edad promedio de la población de estudio fue 36 +/- 13,62 años. El 53,65% fue del sexo femenino. Con respecto al estado de salud, tenían un peor estado de salud las mujeres (M: 68.93% vs H: 55,06%), empeorando con el aumento de la edad. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron la fiebre y las poliartralgias. Conclusión: Todos los individuos presentan algún tipo de afectación en la calidad de vida, siendo más notorio en los dominios de rol físico, vitalidad y dolor.
GEN POMP: acerca de su participación en los mecanismos de autoinmunidad e inflamación
Authors: Aparicio-Vera Luis Alberto , García-Herrera Iris Paola
Published: June 2024

En esta revisión abordamos la autoinmunidad, destacando los mecanismos defectuosos en la tolerancia inmunológica y su relación con enfermedades autoinmunes. Nos centramos en la proteína POMP y el sistema ubiquitina-proteosoma, explicando su función en la degradación proteínica y su papel en la formación del inmunoproteosoma. Se detalla la estructura del proteosoma, la ubiquitinización, y se destaca la influencia de POMP en la respuesta inflamatoria, especialmente en la formación del inmunoproteosoma bajo la estimulación del interferón. Además, se explora la implicación de POMP en procesos autoinflamatorios, como los síndromes asociados al proteosoma, y se menciona su relación con enfermedades autoinmunes, incluyendo el lupus eritematoso sistémico. Se describen casos clínicos que resaltan la importancia de POMP en la autoinmunidad.
Manifestaciones extraarticulares en pacientes con artritis reumatoide
Authors: Vallée-Vásquez Maximar Josefina , Méndez Pérez Gerson Jhair , Fuentes- Silva Yurilís J.
Published: June 2024

Introducción: La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica, autoinmune, caracterizada por poliartritis crónica, aditiva, simétrica, que puede cursar con manifestaciones extraarticulares (MExA) asociadas a una mayor morbimortalidad. Objetivo: de describir las MExA más frecuentes en AR. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes diagnosticados con AR, durante el periodo diciembre 2011-enero 2022. Resultados: Participaron 150 pacientes con AR, con una edad promedio de 53,7±12,5 años, el sexo predominante fue el femenino con 84,6%, el tiempo de evolución de la AR fue de 7,2±8,9 años; en cuanto a las características serológicas, 91,1% tenía Factor reumatoideo positivo y 76,9% tenía anticuerpos contra péptidos cíclicos citrulinados positivo. Tanto al ingreso, como en la última consulta los pacientes presentaron alguna manifestación extraarticular (MExA), 61,3% y 70%, respectivamente, siendo las más frecuentes la anemia de los trastornos crónicos (al ingreso 44,6% y en última consulta 50,6%), seguida de nódulos reumatoideos (al ingreso con 8% y en la última consulta 9,3%). Conclusiones: Las MExA se presentaron en 70% de los pacientes, siendo las más frecuentes la anemia y los nódulos reumatoideos. Estos datos muestras los cambios que han tenido la frecuencia de estas MExA en esta enfermedad a través del tiempo.
Assessment of serum IgE level in patients with transfusion related allergic reaction receiving fresh frozen plasma
Authors: Saik Rahman A. H. M. , Rahman Urmi , Noor Munasib , Akther Urmi Aklima , Chowdhury Masrun Mostafa , Muzib Fatma , Nila Sabrina Huda , Chowdhury Tanzila Tabib
Published: June 2024

Background: Blood transfusion is a routine lifesaving medical intervention which is generally regarded as safe when done properly. However, at the same time it also bears considerable risk. The aim of the study was to assess the serum IgE levels in patients experiencing transfusion-related allergic reactions after receiving fresh frozen plasma.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, BSMMU, from March 2019 to August 2021, focusing on patients aged 5 to 60 years receiving fresh frozen plasma. Patients were included after obtaining informed consent from themselves or their legal guardians in the case of minors, according to the eligibility criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with statistical significance set at p<0.05, employing Chi-square tests and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for variable comparisons.
Results: Raised IgE level was significantly related with transfusion related allergic reaction after receiving fresh frozen plasma (p<0.05). The mean IgE was 521.4±434.6 in patients with reaction and 67.8±33.2 in patients without reaction. Significant positive correlation was observed in serum IgE level with age in years.
Conclusions: Patients with transfusion related allergic reaction receiving fresh frozen plasma had higher mean IgE levels as compared to those without reaction.
Chronotherapy in dipper and nondipper hypertension patients, researching sodium in 24 hours urine and serum urotensin II levels
Authors: Kahvecioglu Fatma Akdag , Ertilav Muhittin , Varim Perihan , Varim Ceyhun
Published: June 2024

Background: The aim of this research was to study the chronotherapy in patients with differentiated dipper and nondipper hypertension, researching the differences between sodium in 24 hours urine and serum urotensin II.
Methods: About 32 nondipper and 29 dipper hypertension patients who have study admission criteria, sodium levels in 24 hours urine, serum urotensin II levels and routine biochemical laboratory tests of were studied. The statistical relationship between the results was analyzed.
Results: In the patient group we examined, nondipper patients were found older and predominantly seen in the female patient population. We determined that the dipper patients differed significantly in family history from nondipper patients. Although it is not statistical significance, we observed accordance of treatment who nondipper patients was worse, we have found that serum urotensin II levels can be used at this distinction.
Conclusions: It is important to distinguish nondipper and dipper hypertension in terms of the prognosis of hypertension and the efficacy of the treatment. For this reason, we want to underline that nondipper patients are older and predominantly seen in the female patient population. Although left ventricular mass index is important in the course and outcome of hypertension, we determined that is was not useful in distinguishing dipper-nondipper hypertension. We think that serum urotensin II levels will be useful in determining the efficacy of the treatment used, the prognosis of hypertension and the differentiation of nondipper-dipper hypertension.
Prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase and metallo-beta-lactamase genes in imipenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from admitted patients in a tertiary level hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Rubaiya Binte , Jobayer Mohammad , Farhana Nasreen , Shamsuzaman S. M.
Published: June 2024

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa are known for their multiple mutations and rapid acquirement of antimicrobial resistance genes. The presence of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) is the commonest reason for the treatment failure in carbapenem therapy. Production of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) in these isolates makes the treatment more challenging. Due to the importance of the carbapenems in resistant infection management, finding the true frequencies of such enzymes is imperative. 
Methods: A total of 446 samples were collected from the admitted patients with infected burn, surgical wound, and endotracheal tube in situ. Isolation and identification of organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done by established methods. Identification of P. aeruginosa was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Production of ESBLs was detected phenotypically by double disc synergy, and MBL by double-disc synergy, combined disc, and modified Hodge test. Genes encoding ESBLs and MBLs were detected by PCR. 
Results: Among the 446 samples, 84.31% yielded growth, from which 232 (61.70%) were P. aeruginosa. Among the P. aeruginosa, 72 (31.03%) were resistant to imipenem. Phenotypically, 57 (79.17%) of these strains were ESBL and all were MBL producers. blaOXA-10 was the most common ESBL encoding gene (29.83%). blaNDM-1 was the most prevalent MBL encoding gene (34.72%). Moreover, 27 (38%) imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa had concurring ESBL and MBL genes. 
Conclusions: The substantial percentages of ESBL, MBL and simultaneous presence of both genes suggests routine screening of these genes which will provide an opportunity for better selection of antimicrobials in the management of resistant P. aeruginosa.
Comparison of the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis between combined rectal indomethacin and sublingual nitroglycerin with that of rectal indomethacin alone
Authors: Islam M. Khademul , Kabir M. Anwarul , Ghosh Chanchal Kumar , Begum Khaleda , Danish Mohammad Reazuddin , Islam M. Sarower , Saha Chinmoy , Asif Ikbal Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is now widely accepted as a therapeutic modality for benign and malignant diseases of the pancreaticobiliary tree. Acute pancreatitis is the most common and feared complication of ERCP, associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to compare the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis in combined rectal indomethacin and sublingual nitroglycerin with that of rectal indomethacin alone.
Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from July, 2019 to September, 2020. In this study, 100 hospitalized patients of >18 years age undergoing ERCP based on clinical indication and proper investigation were included. The study population was randomly divided into two groups - group A (patients who were given indomethacin suppository plus sublingual glyceryl trinitrate) and group B (patients who were given indomethacin alone).
Results: In this study, we found that PEP developed in 11 out of 100 patients (11%). Post-ERCP pancreatitis developed in 2 (4%) in group A and 9 (18%) in group B (p=0.025), which was statistically significant. Mild PEP developed in none in group A and 4 (8%) in group B whereas moderate in 2 (4%) in group A and 3 (6%) in group B. Severe pancreatitis occurred in none in group A and 2 (4%) in group B (p=0.231) which was not statistically significant.
Conclusions: This study showed that the combination of indomethacin suppository and sublingual GTN is superior to indomethacin suppository alone in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis.
Cost effective analysis of open and laparoscopic inguinal mesh hernioplasty
Authors: Jain Akshay , Kumar Ameet , Patel Neelesh , Patrikar Seema
Published: June 2024

Background: Inguinal Hernia mesh repair surgery is one of the most commonly conducted surgical procedures. Between two approaches: open and laparoscopic, which is better for the patient in terms of cost and outcome in terms of quality of life and return to economic activity. To facilitate comparability across studies, cost effectiveness analysis requires measurement of both costs and quality adjusted life years (QALY).
Methods: Descriptive, observational study which entails classifying costs, identifying cost centres, tracing all costs related to the elective procedures for inguinal mesh hernioplasty by both open and laparoscopic methods followed by checking the Quality of life pre and post-surgery of these patients through the EQ-5D-3L by telephonic interview. A Cost Effective analysis was conducted by the end of the study. Based on available data, we took 35 cases of laparoscopic procedure and 45 cases of open surgery as a universal sample size.
Results: Traditional costing showed a difference of approximately INR 3245.93/- in the 2 procedures with laparoscopic surgery being costlier.  Significant improvements were noted in patients post laparoscopic surgeries with less people complaining of post operative pain/discomfort and early resumption of daily activities and mobility within a month after the surgery. ICER is tilted in favour of laparoscopic surgeries by a value of Rs 1,08,197.66 per QALY.
Conclusions: The difference in cost is minimal but the difference in the QALY scores and ultimately the ICER determines that laparoscopic surgery has an edge over open surgery in terms of outcome and patient comfort.
Acute coronary syndrome in very young adults (<35 years of age) - time to awake and act! A prospective analytical study from South India
Authors: M. Selvaganesh , R. R. Saravanan , S. Satheeshkumar , G. S. Sivakumar , S. R. Veeramani , S. Arul A. , S. Balasubramanian
Published: June 2024

Background: Acute coronary syndrome in very young adults (<35 yrs) was considered as an uncommon entity, recently shows rising incidence especially in India. Hence we planned this study with the aim, to investigate the incidence, clinical, angiographic profile and outcome of ACS in this population.
Methods: This is a prospective analytical study included patient <35 yrs  with ACS admitted to cardiology department in a tertiary hospital of   South India. Risk factors, clinical, angiographic profile and follow up data were recorded and analyzed.
Results: Among the total 2180 patients with ACS, 5.8% (n=127) were very young adults. Youngest one was 11 yrs old with coronary anomaly. Median age was 30yrs (SD±3) and only 8.6% (n=10) were obese. Smoking, male sex were the major conventional risk factors followed by low HDL (52%). Family history of premature coronary event seen in 12.9%, hyperhomocysteinemia, elevated LPA and high fibrinogen were observed in 15%, 20% and 3.5% respectively. Anterior wall MI with LAD occlusion was the commonest type (66.3%). Angiographically 31.4% (36/116) had recanalised vessels, coronary anomaly was seen in 3 (2.5%) patients and pure ectasia in 4 (3.4%) patients. Only 2 were undergone primary PCI (1.7%), 61% (n=71) received thrombolytic therapy. Median delay for angiogram was 72 hrs (3 days). In-hospital mortality was 3.4% and 4.5% (n=5) during follow up.
Conclusions: The incidence of ACS among very young adults is on the rising trend (5.8%). Obstructive CAD in 56.9% patients implies the rapid progression of atherosclerosis. With little contribution of novel risk markers of atherosclerosis, smoking and dyslipidemia accelerate the process of premature vascular aging in Indian subcontinent.
Analysis of 100 sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Srinivas H. D.
Published: June 2024

Background: The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB), a contagious, airborne infection that destroys body tissue. Pulmonary TB occurs when M. tuberculosis primarily attacks the lungs. However, it can spread from there to other organs. Pulmonary TB is curable with an early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment.
Methods: The present study was conducted at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya with total of 100 sputum positive TB cases. The analysis was done between January 2023 to June 2023.
Results: The proportion of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis and sputum positivity was highest in 20 to 40 years age group. The number of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis was three times more common in male compares to female.
Conclusions: The highest burden of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis and maximum sputum positivity rate was found in productive age group. The proportion of sputum positive PTB was more in male than female patients. All age group except in patient between 0-19 year’s ratio between male and female were almost equal.
Comparative study of fine needle aspiration cytology and tru-cut biopsy in the diagnosis of breast lesions
Authors: Andola Sainath K. , Masgal Meenakshi , Nigudgi Shantling , Pathan Tabassumnaz , Deshpande Gururaj
Published: June 2024

Background: Breast carcinoma is one of the most researched cancers across the world. FNAC is often used as a first priority investigation in patients with breast lump. Tru-cut biopsy is useful in preoperative knowledge of prognostic parameters with the help of IHC markers ER, PR, Her2 neu. The technique is reliable, simple and reproducible which can be used even in resource poor countries like India. To analyze the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values and the diagnostic accuracy (efficacy) of fine needle aspiration cytology and trucut biopsy.
Methods: The study included 82 patients presenting with palpable breast lesions. All patients underwent FNAC followed by Tru-cut biopsy under ultrasound guidance. ER, PR, HER2 Neu, cytokeratin immunostaining was done in malignant cases. The data collected analysed statistically.
Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of FNAC were 96.61 %, 95.65 %, 98.28%, 90.91% respectively and that of trucut biopsy were 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100 % respectively.
Conclusions: Out of total 82 patients, maximum no of cases (57) were duct carcinoma accounting 69.50% on FNAC and Tru-cut biopsy. IHC was done in all carcinomas. Maximum (46 cases) were luminal type. The present study emphasizes that tru-cut biopsy can serve as confirmative diagnostic tool over FNAC and provides information regarding prognostic factors and treatment modalities based on IHC markers.
A cross-sectional study to know the prevalence, pattern, and contributing factors associated with nomophobia in medical students
Authors: Dabhi Hetal , Satodiya Vimal , Garg Suvidha , Goel Ramita , Vala Ashok
Published: June 2024

Background: Now-a-days, Smartphone offers people great opportunities and luxuries. According to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI); in 2021, India had roughly 180.96 million mobile users, and issues by mobile phone use have been significantly increased in recent years Nomophobia is a modern phobia that appeared in this digital era. It is the conjunction of "nonmobile" and "phobia” and refers to the worry, anxiety, and discomfort associated with not having a mobile device when needed. The objectives of this study are to understand (a) prevalence of nomophobia in medical students; (b) association of Nomophobia with self-esteem among medical students; and (c) association of nomophobia with life satisfaction among medical students.
Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, single-centred, self-assessable questionnaire-based study. 700 students (pursuing MBBS, internship or residency) from the government medical college, Bhavnagar were enrolled. The participants were assessed by proforma containing demographic details, a questionnaire of Nomophobia (NMPQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The statistical analysis was done with Graph Pad Instat version 3.06 (San Diego, California, US). Proportions were compared by using the Chi-square test while NMPQ, RSES, and SWLS scores were compared by the Students t test.
Results: We found all participants had some degree of nomophobia (29% mild, 31.29% moderate, and 5.43% severe). Nomophobia had a significant association with self-esteem and satisfaction with life.
Conclusions: Participants with nomophobia are more likely to experience low self-esteem and poor satisfaction with life.
Formaldehyde tracking in a histopathology laboratory in a medical college
Authors: S. K. Sanjana , Pruthvi Deepti , P. Shashikala , Kalappanavar N. K.
Published: June 2024

Background: Formalin 10% is a fixative agent used in pathology laboratories. Formaldehyde released from formalin is a strong irritant and a carcinogen. The lab personnel are exposed to 10% formalin preserved surgical and post-mortem tissue samples during the visual examination and grossing. The present study aims to assess the exposure to formaldehyde in a histopathology laboratory unit as well as the effectiveness of existing engineering/ventilation systems.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Formalin levels were measured using portable air quality/pollution meter which measures formaldehyde (HCHO) in terms of mg/m3 in the morning, noon, and evening in different areas for one month. Areas of rooms and ventilation were mapped. The level of formalin was noted before, during, and after the grossing procedure and compared with the reference values given in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and World Health Organisation (WHO).
Results: Formaldehyde concentration ranged from 0.005 to 0.48 ppm (parts per million) in the grossing room and 0.002-0.010 ppm in the museum. Formaldehyde levels were highest in the morning and during grossing without using exhaust/ventilation and the levels reached minimum value within 15-20 minutes of switching on the existing control methods (exhaust fan of grossing station and opening of window panes).
Conclusions: Formalin from the histology laboratories cannot be removed entirely but can be reduced sufficiently to lessen the risks to health by educating lab personnel and adopting appropriate control techniques.
A study to assess perceived stress, life events and prevalence of dissociative experiences in patients with anxiety disorders
Authors: Samanta Soumen , Nandi Salmali , Saha Indranil , Roy Surjya , Bandyopadhyay Gautam
Published: June 2024

Background: Anxiety disorders are characterized by a central theme of intense subjective distress and apprehension of impending danger. Dissociation has been frequently associated in such patients, where it acts as a defense mechanism that allows temporary relief. Previous studies have also shown that more number of life events and higher perceived stress are seen in patients of anxiety disorder, which may even act as predictors of developing the disease. Addressing these factors may contribute to improved understanding of underlying psychopathology and better treatment outcomes.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, 1 year time bound study. As per calculation from prevalence, 161 participants were selected as sample population with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Socio-demographic data was collected, appropriate scales were administered to assess the required parameters and statistical analysis was carried out thereafter.
Results: We found that 21.74% patients had dissociative experience, 40.37% patients had perceived stress during last month, 53.4% had less/moderate stress and 39.1% patients had severe stress. Most frequently occurring life event was financial loss or problem. Statistically significant association was found between total life events score and socio-demographic variables. Mean dissociative experience scale score was positively correlated with total perceived stress scale score and total life event score. Total perceived stress scale score was also positively correlated with total life event score.
Conclusions: Anxiety disorder patients had high levels of dissociation, perceived stress and life events, and these three parameters were also correlated with each other.
Comparative evaluation of the efficacy and safety of ormeloxifene and norethisterone in abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Fatima Ayesha , Siddiqua Syeda Ayesha
Published: June 2024

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a typical condition for women of reproductive age. It can be painful and uncomfortable, create social disgrace, and have a considerable impact on health-related quality of life. Several studies have shown that ormeloxifene and norethisterone are useful in the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, however there is a scarcity of data comparing the efficacy and safety of these medicines.
Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted over 100 women, age group of 30-50 years, attending the gynecology outpatient department with subjective complaints of heavy menstrual bleeding at a tertiary care hospital, in Hyderabad. Group A (n=50) received 60 mg of ormeloxifene and Group B (n=50) received 5mg of norethisterone, respectively. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional ethical committee.
Results: 38% aged 41-45, 86% had irregular cycles, 76% reported subjective improvement in group A, and 38% in group B. Group A showed a mean difference of 80.22 in decreasing PBAC score, 0.70 in hemoglobin rise, and 3.5 in decreasing ET, while group B showed 53.70 in PBAC decrease, 0.28 in hemoglobin rise, and 1.76 in endometrial thickness reduction. Both groups have no notable side effects and no significant p value.
Conclusions: Reducing PBAC score, subjective improvement, hemoglobin, and endometrial thickness with ormeloxifene and norethisterone works. Ormeloxifene has a far greater effect than norethisterone and has fewer adverse effects.
Comparative study of transdermal buprenorphine and fentanyl patch for post-operative analgesia in abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia: a randomised single blinded study
Authors: Angom Cheraj Laxmi , Singh Khulem Maniram , Roy Lairikyengbam Sheitiyajit , Kobing Subu , Sudarshan A. , Thangaraj Gokulnath
Published: June 2024

Background: Postoperative pain is one of the main concerns for the patient undergoing any major surgery. Effective control of post-operative pain is a major challenge to the surgeon and the attending anaesthesiologist. In spite of recent developments in pain treatment, many patients still experienced moderate to severe pain after surgery.
Methods: The study groups divided into two, named group A and group B. The total sample size was 80, 40 patients in each group. Patients were allotted in two groups after block randomization viz: Group A (n=40)-patients received buprenorphine patch (10 μg/h) and patients in group B (n=40) received fentanyl patch of (25 µg/h).
Results: Difference in VAS scores among the two groups were found statistically significant from the end of surgery to 6 hours after surgery. However, from 12 hours after surgery, both the groups had comparable VAS scores. Among hemodynamic parameters, the heart rate and mean arterial pressure variation came out to be insignificant among both study groups. Group B showed more incidence of vomiting and constipation as compared to group A. There was no incidence of skin irritation, respiratory depression and urinary retention in both the groups.
Conclusions: The present study concluded that for elective abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia, transdermal buprenorphine 10 mcg/hr and fentanyl 25 mcg/hr administered 12 hours prior to surgery are safe, reliable, maintaining haemodynamic stability with continuous effective post operative pain relief. Buprenorphine patch is more cost effective and PONV is more with fentanyl and hence, buprenorphine is better than fentanyl patch.
A novel approach for anatomical repair of ventral hernia with modified smead jones technique
Authors: Chatterjee Sudipta , Chakraborty Shobhik , Meena Shivani
Published: June 2024

Background: Ventral hernia repair is the most popular procedures done worldwide. Despite of enough literature, evidence for optimal repair is lacking. We introduced a novel surgical technique for open primary ventral hernia repair, using modified smead jones technique.  
Methods: This prospective interventional study conducted at the department of general surgery in Midnapore Medical College and Hospital from October 2022 to February 2023 aimed to assess the efficacy of the modified smead jones technique in open primary ventral hernia repair.
Results: Thirty cases were enrolled, predominantly featuring umbilical hernias in females aged 51-60 years. All cases presented with swelling, pain, and irreducibility. The Modified smead jones technique, employing Prolene no. 1, was utilized, with post-operative complications primarily comprising superficial wound infections managed by IV antibiotics and post-operative pain addressed with adequate analgesia. Recurrence was not observed during follow-ups at 15 days, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months.  
Conclusions: The study concludes that this modified technique offers a straightforward approach with low rates of early and potential reduction in late complications, serving as a viable alternative in both elective and emergency settings for primary ventral hernia repair.
Impact of intrinsic foot muscle training on foot posture and foot functional activity among female kathak dancers with flat feet
Authors: Salekar Bhagyashree C. , Patil Mrunal S. , Patil Rashi R.
Published: June 2024

Background: Kathak being one of the very complex Indian classical dance forms, has a greater emphasis on foot work thus putting substantial amount of stress over foot which leads to weakness of intrinsic foot muscles, flat foot and functional impairments. Hence current study aimed to study the impact of intrinsic foot muscle strengthening on foot posture and functional activity among female kathak dancers with flat feet.
Methods: In this Quasi-Experimental Study, 30 females kathak dancers with flat feet between the age group of 18-40 were selected according the inclusion and exclusion criteria from different Kathak dance academies in Pimpri and Pune. All participants were given intrinsic foot muscle strengthening (5 exercises) for 2 times a week for 4 weeks which were progressed after 2 weeks. Pre and post treatment assessments were done for foot deviations and foot functional activity by Foot posture index and foot function index respectively.
Results: Paired T test for pre and post treatment analysis was done with statistical. significant at P<0.05 and 95% confidence interval. FFI score was reduced post treatment with mean difference of 1.26 which was statistically insignificant (p>0.05) but clinically significant. There was no statistically as well as clinically significant difference between the pre and post treatment FPI scores of both right and left leg (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Intrinsic foot muscle training showed clinically significant improvement in foot function index but did not show any improvement in foot posture.
Schwannomas at unusual locations: a case series
Authors: Pachal Sumitava , Chatterjee Sudipta , Chaki Supratim
Published: June 2024

Schwannoma, also known as neurinoma or neurilemmoma, is a benign, encapsulated, slow-growing, peripheral nerve sheath tumor arising from the Schwann cells. They are seen mostly in the head and neck region, with the 8th cranial nerve being the most common site. There it is known as vestibular Schwannoma or acoustic neuroma. It is usually seen in 20–50 years of age, with no specific sex or racial predilection. Histopathologically, there may be compact hypercellular Antoni A areas and myxoid hypocellular Antoni B areas. Nuclear palisading around fibrillary processes, also known as Verocay bodies, is often seen in cellular areas. In this article, we present a series of cases where all of the patients presented to us with soft tissue swelling for varying periods of time in different locations, mostly in extremities. Cytopathology and radiology couldn’t come to a specific diagnosis. The tumors were excised en mass. The post-operative histology of the excised tumor confirmed the diagnosis of Schwannoma, arising from peripheral nerve sheath. There was no recurrence after follow up for 1 year. Schwannomas most commonly arise from the peripheral nerve sheaths usually at the head neck region. They are seen rarely in other peripheral nerves. They should be excised en mass with intact epineurium. After complete excision their recurrence rate is very low thus having a good prognosis.
Clinical case of stenting of the left main coronary artery under artificial circulation: a case report
Authors: Jazver Jibran Mohamed , Panishkumar Patel Krushikumar , Samarakoon Isuri Umayangana , Logus Gardhi Hettiarachchige Nisal Gawesha , Kalatsei Liudmila , Cherniak Alexander
Published: June 2024

This case report documents the intricate management of a 61-year-old patient presenting with acute coronary syndrome, permanent atrial fibrillation (AF), and a history of prior cardiac interventions. Coronary angiography revealed significant left coronary artery pathology, necessitating intervention under artificial circulation. Percutaneous coronary intervention was deemed unsuitable due to high risk, prompting the installation of an intra-aortic balloon counter pulsation system. Subsequent interventional stenting of the left main coronary artery (LCA) was successfully performed. Despite post-operative complications, including pneumonia and renal dysfunction, the patient exhibited steady improvement, highlighting the importance of tailored, multidisciplinary care in complex cardiovascular cases.
Creeping suprapubic catheter site growth-a unique presentation in a case of carcinoma prostate
Authors: A. V. B. Krishnakanth , Shah Abhijit , K. S. Chaitanya , Hegde Padmaraj
Published: June 2024

Postoperative spindle cell nodule (PSCN) is a scarcely studied benign histopathological variant of prostatic growth. This case report demonstrates an extensive growth arising from the suprapubic cystostomy site in the background of carcinoma prostate. An 82-year-old gentleman, diagnosed with primary carcinoma of prostate who underwent channel transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and subsequent suprapubic catheterisation (SPC) in view of acute retention at a later time period, presented with an exophytic ulcer-proliferative growth along the SPC. The unique presentation as described in our case report, poses a diagnostic conundrum that requires a mention in the literature. Edge wedge biopsy of the lesion revealed it to be a spindle cell neoplasm. The unique case of SPC site involvement by prostatic growth raises questions about the nature of any such growth, with a possibility of it being benign growth and an excellent long-term prognosis for such patients with regard to the PSCN.
Self inflicted injury in a case of delusional parasitosis
Authors: Ghosh Anuradha , Bhattacharyya Debasis , Datta Subhendu , Roy Surjya , Bandyopadhyay Gautam Kumar , Kundu Muktananda , Sarkar Ayan
Published: June 2024

Delusional parasitosis also known as Ekbom’s syndrome, is a fixed, firm, false belief about a parasitic infestation of skin despite absence of evidence. Non-suicidal self injury (NSSI) is the deliberate and direct change leading to destruction of healthy body tissues e.g. skin cutting, scratching, burning, hitting of oneself and even enucleation of eye and amputation of body parts. We present a case of a 35-year-old male patient with delusional parasitosis for the past 3 months, referred from dermatology, who resorted to cutting himself on his arm and abdomen. He was treated successfully with anti-psychotics and had no further intention of self-harm.
Diagnostic approach to a rare case of anaplastic meningioma with osteosarcomatous differentiation and associated bone alterations
Authors: Suryavanshi Taniya , Kumar Ram , Naaz Shama , Agarwal Preeti , Parihar Anit , Ojha B. K.
Published: June 2024

Anaplastic meningioma with osteosarcomatous differentiation is a very rare finding. We herewith present squash cytology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings of this rare case with systematic approach to diagnosis. A 38-year-old female presented with complaints of headache, vomiting, seizure with loss of consciousness and left side weakness. Radiologically, there was a heterogeneous hyperintense likely extra axial densely calcified solid lesion measuring approximately 4.2×4.1×3.5 cm along right high frontal convexity compressing the adjacent brain parenchyma. Histology sections revealed fibro collagenous tissue, devitalized bone, multiple vascular spaces lined by fibrous septa with giant cells, along with spindle cell and round proliferation at one end with vague whorl formation. High mitosis, (>20/10 hpf) along with malignant lacy osteoid closely abutting the highly pleomorphic cells were indicative of a malignant spindle cell neoplasm with osteosarcomatous differentiation. Systematic approach, immunohistochemistry with involvement of all the specialities involved led to the correct diagnosis and management of patient.
An embryological outpouching of esophagus in the right thoracic cavity: a rare cadaveric case report
Authors: Kishore G. Krishna , Periyasamy Vinodhini , Ramachandra Raghavendra Devanga
Published: June 2024

The esophagus (EG) is a muscular tube, that connects the pharynx to the stomach. Stomach is the widest part of the alimentary tract and is located between EG and duodenum. Gatro-intestinal tract duplications are spherical or tubular prolongations extending from the oral cavity to the anal aperture. During the anatomical dissection for the medical students in a 70 years old male cadaver, a rare variation of esophageal dilatation (ED) was found in the posterior mediastinum. On removal of the anterior thoracic wall, EG showed an abnormal outpouching at the level of T2. ED passes distally through the oesophageal opening of the diaphragm and continues as the cardiac end of the stomach into the abdominal cavity. This is directly supplied by the branches of the descending thoracic aorta. Stomach appears to be normal and there were no associated anomalies in the rest of the regions. Abdominal duplications may remains asymptomatic and gets identified incidentally during routine investigations. Gastroenterologist, radiologists and thoracic surgeons should have a profound knowledge on these developmental variations.
Navigating the uncommon: a comprehensive case study of multiple gastroduodenal neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Kumar Manish , Gupta Shubham Kumar , Khanna Rahul , Meena Ram Niwas , Mishra Shashi Prakash
Published: June 2024

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have varied pathophysiological characteristics, location, clinical presentation, management & outcome. Unfortunately, most NETs are non-functional and therefore, either remain asymptomatic until incidentally detected or present very late with pressure symptoms, adding up to the associated morbidity and mortality. Here we presented a case of a 43-year gentleman, who presented to gastroenterology OPD with chief complaints of heartburn and pain in the upper abdomen for one year. He had an equivocal clinical examination and laboratory parameters. Upper GI endoscopy and computed tomography revealed multiple nodular growths in the D1 segment and pylorus of the stomach. He was successfully managed by wide local excision of D1 and distal stomach (pylorus) followed by Polya gastrojejunostomy reconstruction. Histopathology confirmed well-differentiated NETs, low Ki67, and positive for chromogranin and synaptophysin. This case draws attention to the early age of presentation of multifocal NETs with vague symptoms and equivocal clinical examination. Coexisting gastric NETs with duodenal NETs in itself is very rare, never the less non-functional status and pre-operative diagnostic dilemma. Here, we have also drawn attention to the pros and cons of various diagnostic tools and how their utility can sometimes limit the approach of clinicians, apart from a high index of suspicion.
Numerical analysis of various combustion chamber bowl geometries on combustion, performance, and emissions parameters in a diesel engine
Authors: Topkaya Hüsna , Işık Mehmet Zerrakki , Çelebi Yahya , Aydın Hüseyin
Published: June 2024

In this paper, numerical analysis of a diesel engine with various combustion chamber bowl geometries was investigated. Numerical analyses of asymmetrical bowl forms were carried out using the Ansys Forte software. Analyses were done for three different piston bowl geometries in a single-cylinder, air-cooled diesel engine at 1500 rpm engine speed. Three different bowl geometries were created, the piston-1 model is a commercial one for used engine, in the piston-2 pedestal area is removed from the piston, and in the cylindrical model bowl geometry has more straight borders. The results of the numerical study were confirmed with the results of experiments which is carried out for the piston-1 model. Simulation results showed a good correlation with experimental results. According to the results of the numerical study, the highest in-cylinder temperature was determined as 1213 K for the piston-1 model. In the piston-1 model, the combustion efficiency was improved with the increase of the swirl by the increased combustion temperature. As a result of the analysis, the thermal and combustion efficiencies of the piston-1 model were higher than the other models. The maximum turbulence velocity was observed at -12 CA for three different piston bowl models as 4.1 m/s, 4.06 m/s, and 3.9 m/s for piston-1, piston-2, and cylindrical respectively.
A comprehensive investigation of injection strategies for improving diesel engine combustion under cold start development
Authors: Kamble Balkrishna , Revuru Rukmini Srikant , Zhang Zhe
Published: June 2024

Starting at cold temperatures ranging from -30°C to 0°C has been a concern for all diesel engines, especially for future diesel engines that need to meet tighter carbon emission standards. Combustion instability and increasing smoke emissions are rising concerns during the cold start of diesel engines. Cold ambient conditions cause long cranking periods or complete misfire events in diesel engines; therefore, they produce a large proportion of pollutants within the cylinder due to incomplete combustion. In this study, a comprehensive investigation of multiple injection strategies was conducted under cold-start conditions to identify an optimal injection strategy that improves diesel combustion stability, cold-startup performance, and decreases white smoke emissions at cold ambient temperatures. This study found that cold start-up performance can be improved by eliminating misfire and lowering time to clean up white smoke with a three-injection strategy (two pilots and one main injection, simply named Pilot-Pilot-Main).
Concerning Minor Roman Gods: Molae Martis
Authors: Danilov Evgeniy S.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the need for differentiation of Major and Minor Gods in the Roman pantheon. The focus is on the entourage of the Roman god Mars, which is traditionally considered among the minor deities. The author proposes several hypotheses regarding the so-called Molae: about the originally peaceful, protective nature of their functions; about their connection with agricultural cult and early incorporation into the cult of Mars.
The Christian Trade Union Movement in the Weimar Republic according to Apostolic Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli’s Assessments
Authors: Mordzilovich Anna A.
Published: June 2024

This article focuses on the opinions of Eugenio Pacelli, the Apostolic Nuncio in Germany, regarding the German Christian labor movement in the 1920s. During the Weimar Republic, there were two types of organizations for Catholic workers: the interconfessional Christian Trade Unions and the Catholic Workers’ Associations. In his reports to Rome, Pacelli mainly emphasized the Church’s loss of contact with workers, as well as the spread of «misconceptions» regarding economic theory among them. In comparison to the Catholic Workers’ Associations, the Christian unions seemed more «moderate and reasonable» to the Nuncio, as he believed that the latter were more susceptible to radicalization.
On the value orientations of the Russian version of human rights
Authors: Tarusina Nadezhda N.
Published: June 2024

The article proposes several ideas that make up the ideological, legal, and ethical prerequisites, which, in the author’s opinion, have a significant impact on the formatting and reformatting of the construction of human rights in the modern Russian version. Regulatory and law enforcement decisions are used as demonstration samples of the results of this impact, mainly from the field of family and work, including their doctrinal interpretation. Among these guidelines are the ideas of national sovereignty of approaches to human rights, their constitutional and judicial interpretation based on discretion, «weighing» public and private interests, as well as the actual development of ambiguous rights and freedoms, strengthening the role of the duty structure, subtle interaction of formal legal, ethical and religious principles.
Personal Factors of Preference of “Dangerous” and “Safe” Types of Professional Activity
Authors: Karpov Alexander A. , Chudakova Tatiana L.
Published: June 2024

The article presents results of the research of personality features, which determine the safety state, using the example of representatives of “dangerous” and “safe” professions. Specificity of experiencing the safety state is described. Differences in the personal profile of specialists in these professional groups are identified. Features of the structural organization of personal characteristics (determinants of the state of safety) among representatives of “dangerous” and “safe” professions are demonstrated.
Cognitive markers of the uncanny valley effect
Authors: Ilyushichev Vladimir D. , Chistopolskaya Alexandra V. , Kuritsyn Alexander A.
Published: June 2024

In his essay “The Uncanny Valley", Masahiro Mori notes the following: People will experience negative feelings towards a humanoid object if some of its features reveal its mechanical nature. When the nature of the object and its features are consistent, there is no such abrupt negative response. This transition to negative affect has been called the "uncanny valley" effect. One of the most popular explanations for this effect is the evolutionary hypothesis. Its main concept is the «pathogen avoidance system», an evolutionary mechanism responsible for the induction of aversion in response to the sight of a sick member of the species. Like the authors, we hypothesise that the same system is involved in the formation of the uncanny valley effect. In our study, subjects were asked to perform a task in which they had to match images of faces in three categories (healthy, infected, "uncanny") with one of two categories (alive/not alive). The result was that healthy faces were categorised with less accuracy and speed than uncanny faces. Our results provide partial support for the evolutionary hypothesis. In a subsequent experiment, we decided to clarify the influence of the atypicality of the faces presented on our earlier results by comparing the recognition success of three groups of faces: unusual/uncanny/typical. It was shown that unusual faces were recognised significantly more accurately than uncanny or typical faces.
An integrated approach to the quality assessment of special conditions for children with special educational needs
Authors: Rusanova Liliya S.
Published: June 2024

Оценка качества специальных условий для детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья в детских садах и школах вызывает исследовательский интерес психологов. В статье рассматриваются результаты анализа создания специальных условий, раскрыта значимость психолого-медико-педагогических комиссий и психолого-педагогических консилиумов образовательных организаций, установлены детерминанты, повышающие эффективность психолого-педагогической помощи ребенку и его семье.