bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal distribution of seawater pH in the North Pacific subpolar region by using the parameterization technique
Authors: Li Bofeng , Watanabe Yutaka W. , Yamaguchi Azusa
Published: May 2016

We provided parameterizations to speculate changes in the vertical distributions of the seawater total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and pH by using all available observations of dissolved oxygen (DO, µmol kg−1), water temperature (T, ºC), and salinity (S) data from previous high quality data sets of ocean hydrographic properties. All data sets were collected in the North Pacific subpolar region during the period of 2000–2010, for 40–400 m depth, and between 40°N and 56°N, 145°E and 130°W). Root mean square errors for the parameterizations with 7.4 µmol kg−1 for TA, 7.1 µmol kg−1 for DIC, and 0.02 for pH were obtained with R2 of more than 0.95. To evaluate the validity of these parameterizations, we compared measured TA, DIC, and pH with predicted values. The differences were almost within 10 µmol kg−1 for TA and DIC, and 0.05 for pH. Applying our parameterizations to the climatological data sets of DO, T, and S data from World Ocean Atlas 2009, we reconstructed seasonal and monthly vertical distributions of seawater TA, DIC, and pH. Furthermore, by substituting our parameterizations into detailed vertical distributions of DO, T, and S data measured bi‐weekly by automatic ocean hydrographic sensors from Argo profiling floats, we described the detailed vertical spatiotemporal distributions of seawater TA, DIC, and pH. In the North Pacific subpolar region, in the case that there is no time‐series of ocean carbon species, our parameterizations allowed us to elucidate the dynamics of ocean carbon chemistry from two–week scale to decadal scale.
Transport versus energetic particle precipitation: Northern polar stratospheric NOx and ozone in January–March 2012
Authors: Päivärinta S.‐M. , Verronen P. T. , Funke B. , Gardini A. , Seppälä A. , Andersson M. E.
Published: May 2016

In early 2012, a strong sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) took place, accompanied by several medium‐scale solar proton events (SPEs). Here we use a chemistry transport model (CTM) in order to assess the relative contributions of (1) intensified downward transport of odd nitrogen (NOx) and (2) in situ production of NOx by protons, on stratospheric NOx and ozone during January–March 2012. The CTM is constrained by an upper boundary condition for reactive nitrogen (NOy) species, based on satellite observations from Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board Envisat, and includes a new parameterization of the SPE‐caused effects on NOy and odd hydrogen (HOx) species. We found that the amount of NOx increases due to both transport and in situ production effects, the intensified descent of NOx dominating the middle and upper stratospheric impact. The model results indicate NOx enhancements of 120–3300% (5–48 ppbv) between 38 and 50 km, caused by the transport of mesosphere/lower thermosphere NOx down to the stratosphere following the SSW. The SPEs increase NOx by up to 820–1200% (14–21 ppbv) at 33 to 50 km. The effect on the stratospheric ozone is larger following the downward transport of NOx than during and after the SPEs. The model predicts ozone losses of up to 17% and 9% at around 40 km due to transport and SPE effects, respectively.
Peak precipitation intensity in relation to atmospheric conditions and large‐scale forcing at midlatitudes
Authors: Loriaux Jessica M. , Lenderink Geert , Siebesma A. Pier
Published: May 2016

Research on relations between atmospheric conditions and extreme precipitation is important to understand and model present‐day climate extremes and assess how precipitation extremes might evolve in a future climate. Here we present a statistical analysis of the relation between large‐scale conditions and hourly precipitation at midlatitudes, by using observations of the Netherlands combined with a regional reanalysis. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the typical large‐scale atmospheric conditions and large‐scale forcing associated with extreme hourly precipitation and determine the typical differences between cases of extreme precipitation and weaker events. To avoid double counting, we perform an event‐based analysis and consider the hourly peak intensity, rather than all hourly data. Atmospheric large‐scale profiles consistently show a clear separation between precipitation deciles, characterized by increasing instability and moisture content of the atmosphere for more extreme precipitation. Furthermore, stronger events are characterized by larger atmospheric forcing preceding the event, which primarily relates to vertical motions. Based on these results, four atmospheric parameters, describing atmospheric moisture, stability and large‐scale convergence, are analyzed as potential indicators of strong precipitation events. Despite positive relations between these parameters and the peak intensity, their correlations are found to be weak.
Statistical characterization of spatiotemporal sediment dynamics in the Venice lagoon
Authors: Carniello Luca , D'Alpaos Andrea , Botter Gianluca , Rinaldo Andrea
Published: May 2016

Characterizing the dynamics of suspended sediment is crucial when investigating the long‐term evolution of tidal landscapes. Here we apply a widely tested mathematical model which describes the dynamics of cohesive and noncohesive sediments, driven by the combined effect of tidal currents and wind waves, using 1 year long time series of observed water levels and wind data from the Venice lagoon. The spatiotemporal evolution of the computed suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is analyzed on the basis of the “peak over threshold” theory. Our analysis suggests that events characterized by high SSC can be modeled as a marked Poisson process over most of the lagoon. The interarrival time between two consecutive over threshold events, the intensity of peak excesses, and the duration are found to be exponentially distributed random variables over most of tidal flats. Our study suggests that intensity and duration of over threshold events are temporally correlated, while almost no correlation exists between interarrival times and both durations and intensities. The benthic vegetation colonizing the central southern part of the Venice lagoon is found to exert a crucial role on sediment dynamics: vegetation locally decreases the frequency of significant resuspension events by affecting spatiotemporal patterns of SSCs also in adjacent areas. Spatial patterns of the mean interarrival of over threshold SSC events are found to be less heterogeneous than the corresponding patterns of mean interarrivals of over threshold bottom shear stress events because of the role of advection/dispersion processes in mixing suspended sediments within the lagoon. Implications for long‐term morphodynamic modeling of tidal environments are discussed.
Analysis of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) in GPS TEC launched by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake
Authors: Crowley Geoff , Azeem Irfan , Reynolds Adam , Duly Timothy M. , McBride Patrick , Winkler Clive , Hunton Don
Published: May 2016

Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) have been detected using various measurement techniques, including HF sounders, incoherent scatter radars, in situ measurements, and optical techniques. However, observations of TIDs have tended to be sparse and there is a need for additional observations to provide new scientific insight into the geophysical source phenomenology and wave propagation physics. The dense network of GPS receivers around the globe offers a relatively new data source to observe and monitor TIDs. In this paper, we use total electron content (TEC) measurements from ~4000 GPS receivers throughout the continental United States to observe TIDs associated with the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunami. The tsunami propagated across the Pacific to the U.S. west coast over several hours, and we show that corresponding TIDs were observed in the US. Using this network of GPS receivers we present a 2D imaging of TEC perturbations and calculate various TID parameters, including horizontal wavelength, speed, and period. Well‐formed, planar TIDs were detected over the west coast of the U.S. ~10 h after the earthquake. Fast Fourier transform analysis of the observed waveforms revealed that the period of the wave was 15.1 min with a horizontal wavelength of 194.8 km, phase velocity of 233.0 m/s, and an azimuth of 105.2° (propagating nearly due east in the direction of the tsunami wave). These results are consistent with the TID observations in airglow measurements from Hawaii earlier in the day and with other GPS TEC observations.
Scale invariance of subsurface flow patterns and its limitation
Authors: Hergarten S. , Winkler G. , Birk S.
Published: May 2016

Preferential flow patterns in the subsurface are of great importance for the availability and the quality of water resources. However, knowledge of their spatial structure is still behind their importance, so that understanding the nature of preferential flow patterns is a major issue in subsurface hydrology. Comparing the statistics of river catchment sizes and spring discharges, we found that the morphology of preferential subsurface flow patterns is probably scale invariant and similar to that of dendritic river networks. This result is not limited to karstic aquifers where the occurrence of dendritic structures has been known at least qualitatively for a long time. The scale invariance even seems to be independent of the lithology of the aquifer. However, scale invariance of river patterns seems to be only limited by the continental scale, while scale invariance of subsurface flow patterns breaks down at much smaller scales. The upper limit of scale invariance in subsurface flow patterns is highly variable. We found a range from thousands of square kilometers for limestone aquifers down to less than 1 km2 in the weathered zone and debris accumulations of crystalline rocks.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of large lake hypoxia: Integrating statistical and three‐dimensional dynamic models to enhance lake management criteria
Authors: Bocaniov Serghei A. , Scavia Donald
Published: May 2016

Hypoxia or low bottom water dissolved oxygen (DO) is a world‐wide problem of management concern requiring an understanding and ability to monitor and predict its spatial and temporal dynamics. However, this is often made difficult in large lakes and coastal oceans because of limited spatial and temporal coverage of field observations. We used a calibrated and validated three‐dimensional ecological model of Lake Erie to extend a statistical relationship between hypoxic extent and bottom water DO concentrations to explore implications of the broader temporal and spatial development and dissipation of hypoxia. We provide the first numerical demonstration that hypoxia initiates in the nearshore, not the deep portion of the basin, and that the threshold used to define hypoxia matters in both spatial and temporal dynamics and in its sensitivity to climate. We show that existing monitoring programs likely underestimate both maximum hypoxic extent and the importance of low oxygen in the nearshore, discuss implications for ecosystem and drinking water protection, and recommend how these results could be used to efficiently and economically extend monitoring programs.
The response time of the magnetopause reconnection location to changes in the solar wind: MMS case study
Authors: Trattner K. J. , Burch J. L. , Ergun R. , Fuselier S. A. , Gomez R. G. , Grimes E. W. , Lewis W. S. , Mauk B. , Petrinec S. M. , Pollock C. J. , Phan T. D. , Vines S. K. , Wilder F. D. , Young D. T.
Published: May 2016

Reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause is the mechanism by which magnetic fields in different regions change topology to create open magnetic field lines that allow energy, mass, and momentum to flow into the magnetosphere. It is the primary science goal of the recently launched MMS mission to unlock the mechanism of magnetic reconnection with a novel suite of plasma and field instruments. This study investigates several magnetopause crossings in the vicinity of the X‐line on 19 September 2015 and compares the observed X‐line location with predictions from the Maximum Magnetic Shear model. Rotations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during the magnetopause crossings together with the close proximity of the four MMS satellites are used to determine the response time of the reconnection X‐line location to changes in the IMF. The reconnection location exhibits a continuous motion during slow changes in the IMF but a delayed response to sudden changes in the IMF.
Ion‐scale secondary flux ropes generated by magnetopause reconnection as resolved by MMS
Authors: Eastwood J. P. , Phan T. D. , Cassak P. A. , Gershman D. J. , Haggerty C. , Malakit K. , Shay M. A. , Mistry R. , Øieroset M. , Russell C. T. , Slavin J. A. , Argall M. R. , Avanov L. A. , Burch J. L. , Chen L. J. , Dorelli J. C. , Ergun R. E. , Giles B. L. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Lavraud B. , Lindqvist P. A. , Moore T. E. , Nakamura R. , Paterson W. , Pollock C. , Strangeway R. J. , Torbert R. B. , Wang S.
Published: May 2016

New Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of small‐scale (~7 ion inertial length radius) flux transfer events (FTEs) at the dayside magnetopause are reported. The 10 km MMS tetrahedron size enables their structure and properties to be calculated using a variety of multispacecraft techniques, allowing them to be identified as flux ropes, whose flux content is small (~22 kWb). The current density, calculated using plasma and magnetic field measurements independently, is found to be filamentary. Intercomparison of the plasma moments with electric and magnetic field measurements reveals structured non‐frozen‐in ion behavior. The data are further compared with a particle‐in‐cell simulation. It is concluded that these small‐scale flux ropes, which are not seen to be growing, represent a distinct class of FTE which is generated on the magnetopause by secondary reconnection.
Strong enhancement of 10–100 keV electron fluxes by combined effects of chorus waves and time domain structures
Authors: Ma Qianli , Mourenas Didier , Artemyev Anton , Li Wen , Thorne Richard M. , Bortnik Jacob
Published: May 2016

Time domain structures (TDSs) are trains of intense electric field spikes observed in large numbers during plasma injections in the outer radiation belt. Here we explore the question of their importance in energetic electron acceleration and loss in this region. Although the most common TDSs can preaccelerate low‐energy electrons up to 1–5 keV energies, they often cannot produce by themselves the seed population of 30–150 keV electrons, which are needed for a subsequent energization up to relativistic energies during storms or substorms. However, we demonstrate by numerical simulations that modifications of the low‐energy electron pitch angle and energy distributions due to interactions with TDS lead to more efficient scattering of electrons by chorus waves toward both higher and lower pitch angles, ultimately leading to both significantly higher fluxes in the 10–100 keV energy range and more intense 1–100 keV precipitation into the atmosphere, potentially affecting the outer radiation belt dynamics.
Thermal Annealing of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: An Effective Approach for the Enhancement of Cell Adhesion
Authors: Muzzio Nicolás E. , Gregurec Danijela , Diamanti Eleftheria , Irigoyen Joseba , Pasquale Miguel A. , Azzaroni Omar , Moya Sergio E.
Published: May 2016

Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) have many potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the softness of biocompatible PEMs results in limited cell adhesion. A novel strategy for the enhancement of cell adhesion on PEMs based on thermal annealing is presented here. The impact of thermal annealing at 37 ºC of poly‐l‐lysine (PLL) and alginate (Alg) polyelectrolyte multilayers on the adhesion of human lung cancer A549 and myoblast C2C12 cell lines is studied. The properties of the PEMs after annealing are characterized by means of the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, atomic force microscopy, atomic force spectroscopy, zeta potential, and contact angle measurements. After annealing, PLL/Alg PEMs become smoother displaying an increase in stiffness. Furthermore, PEMs become more hydrophobic, with an increase in contact angle from 36° to 90°. Additionally, the surface charge decreases and protein deposition on PEMs significantly diminishes after annealing. Cell adhesion, measured by the projected average cell spreading and focal contact formation, is remarkably improved for the annealed PEMs.
Integrated Intercalation‐Based and Interfacial Sodium Storage in Graphene‐Wrapped Porous Li4Ti5O12 Nanofibers Composite Aerogel
Authors: Chen Chaoji , Xu Henghui , Zhou Tengfei , Guo Zaiping , Chen Lineng , Yan Mengyu , Mai Liqiang , Hu Pei , Cheng Shijie , Huang Yunhui , Xie Jia
Published: May 2016

Sodium storage in both solid–liquid and solid–solid interfaces is expected to extend the horizon of sodium‐ion batteries, leading to a new strategy for developing high‐performance energy‐storage materials. Here, a novel composite aerogel with porous Li4Ti5O12 (PLTO) nanofibers confined in a highly conductive 3D‐interconnected graphene framework (G‐PLTO) is designed and fabricated for Na storage. A high capacity of 195 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C and super‐long cycle life up to 12 000 cycles are attained. Electrochemical analysis shows that the intercalation‐based and interfacial Na storage behaviors take effect simultaneously in the G‐PLTO composite aerogel. An integrated Na storage mechanism is proposed. This study ascribes the excellent performance to the unique structure, which not only offers short pathways for Na+ diffusion and conductive networks for electron transport, but also guarantees plenty of PLTO–electrolyte and PLTO–graphene interfacial sites for Na+ adsorption.
Benefits and limitations of a multidisciplinary approach to individualized management of Cornelia de Lange syndrome and related diagnoses
Authors: January Kathleen , Conway Laura J. , Deardorff Matthew , Harrington Ann , Krantz Ian D. , Loomes Kathleen , Pipan Mary , Noon Sarah E.
Published: May 2016

Given the clinical complexities of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), the Center for CdLS and Related Diagnoses at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and The Multidisciplinary Clinic for Adolescents and Adults at Greater Baltimore Medical Center (GBMC) were established to develop a comprehensive approach to clinical management and research issues relevant to CdLS. Little work has been done to evaluate the general utility of a multispecialty approach to patient care. Previous research demonstrates several advantages and disadvantages of multispecialty care. This research aims to better understand the benefits and limitations of a multidisciplinary clinic setting for individuals with CdLS and related diagnoses. Parents of children with CdLS and related diagnoses who have visited a multidisciplinary clinic (N = 52) and who have not visited a multidisciplinary clinic (N = 69) were surveyed to investigate their attitudes. About 90.0% of multispecialty clinic attendees indicated a preference for multidisciplinary care. However, some respondents cited a need for additional clinic services including more opportunity to meet with other specialists (N = 20), such as behavioral health, and increased information about research studies (N = 15). Travel distance and expenses often prevented families’ multidisciplinary clinic attendance (N = 41 and N = 35, respectively). Despite identified limitations, these findings contribute to the evidence demonstrating the utility of a multispecialty approach to patient care. This approach ultimately has the potential to not just improve healthcare for individuals with CdLS but for those with medically complex diagnoses in general. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Einzelnachweis und elektrochemisch unterstützte Identifizierung adsorbierter Nanopartikel mit Oberflächenplasmonen‐Mikroskopie
Authors: Nizamov Shavkat , Kasian Olga , Mirsky Vladimir M.
Published: May 2016

Die zunehmende Produktion und Verwendung von Nanopartikeln erfordert eine höchst empfindliche analytische Methode für die Quantifizierung und Identifizierung dieser potenziell gefährlichen Materialien. Hier beschreiben wir eine Anwendung der Oberflächenplasmonen‐Mikroskopie für den Einzelnachweis jedes einzelnen adsorbierten Nanopartikels und die Sichtbarmachung seiner elektrochemischen Umsetzung. Während die Adsorptionsgeschwindigkeit die Mengenkonzentration der Nanopartikel charakterisiert, bestimmt das Oxidationspotential, bei dem die adsorbierten Nanopartikel optisch verschwinden, die Art ihres Materials. Alle adsorbierten Nanopartikel unterliegen zeitgleich dem Potentialvorschub, werden aber mithilfe ihres elektrochemischen Auflösungspotentials von einem einzelnen bis zu einer Million adsorbierter Partikel individuell identifiziert. Mit dieser Technik wurden Silber‐ und Kupfernanopartikel untersucht, sie kann aber auch auf viele andere elektrochemisch aktive Nanopartikel übertragen werden.
Direct Fabrication of Free‐Standing MOF Superstructures with Desired Shapes by Micro‐Confined Interfacial Synthesis
Authors: Kim Jin‐Oh , Min Kyoung‐Ik , Noh Hyunwoo , Kim Dong‐Hwi , Park Soo‐Young , Kim Dong‐Pyo
Published: May 2016

Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with multifunctional pore chemistry have been intensively investigated for positioning the desired morphology at specific locations onto substrates for manufacturing devices. Herein, we develop a micro‐confined interfacial synthesis (MIS) approach for fabrication of a variety of free‐standing MOF superstructures with desired shapes. This approach for engineering MOFs provides three key features: 1) in situ synthesis of various free‐standing MOF superstructures with controlled compositions, shape, and thickness using a mold membrane; 2) adding magnetic functionality into MOF superstructures by loading with Fe3O4nanoparticles; 3) transferring the synthesized MOF superstructural array on to flat or curved surface of various substrates. The MIS route with versatile potential opens the door for a number of new perspectives in various applications.
A highly active and selective β‐nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene and crystallization behavior of β‐nucleated isotactic polypropylene under rapid cooling
Authors: Zhao Shicheng , Gong Hanzhang , Yu Xin , Xin Zhong , Sun Shibao , Zhou Shuai , Shi Yaoqi
Published: May 2016

Zinc adipate (Adi‐Zn) was observed to be a highly active and selective β‐nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP). The effects of Adi‐Zn on the mechanical properties and the β‐crystals content of nucleated iPP were investigated. The impact strength of iPP nucleated with 0.2 wt % Adi‐Zn was 1.8 times higher than that of neat iPP. In addition, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analysis indicated that the content of β‐crystals in nucleated iPP (kβ value) reached 0.973 with 0.1 wt % Adi‐Zn, indicating that Adi‐Zn is a highly active and selective β‐nucleating agent for iPP. Furthermore, fast scanning chip calorimetry (FSC) studies using cooling rates from 60 to 13,800 °C min−1 revealed that the formation of β‐crystals significantly depended on the cooling rates. At cooling rates below 3000 °C min−1, only β‐crystals existed. However, at cooling rates above 6000 °C min−1, β‐crystals failed to form. Moreover, a lower critical crystallization temperature that corresponded to the generation of β‐crystals was investigated using cooling‐induced crystallization, and the results are in good agreement with those of a previous study. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43767.
An Efficient Visible and Near‐Infrared (NIR) Emitting SmIII Metal–Organic Framework (Sm‐MOF) Sensitized by Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) Ligand
Authors: Chen Ling , Zhang Hao , Pan Mei , Wei Zhang‐Wen , Wang Hai‐Ping , Fan Ya‐Nan , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: May 2016

We report herein an unprecedented example of a luminescent SmIII metal–organic framework (Sm‐MOF), in which both the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) emissions of Sm3+ ions are able to be sensitized by an excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) ligand. Due to the solvent‐mediated interchange between enol and keto excited states of the ligand and subsequent energy transfer rate to Sm3+ ions, the luminescent decay lifetime of the Sm‐MOF can be tuned in different solvent‐grinding systems.
A Dual‐Process Diffusion Model
Authors: Alós‐Ferrer Carlos
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a simple formal analytical model delivering qualitative predictions for response times in binary‐choice experiments. It combines a dual‐process/multi‐strategy approach with the standard diffusion model, modeling a utility decision process and a heuristic decision process as diffusion processes of evidence accumulation. For experiments with objective alternatives (including many tasks in judgment and decision making), the model predicts that errors will be quicker than correct responses in case of process conflict and slower in case of alignment, capturing a well‐documented asymmetry regarding slow or fast errors. Further, the model also predicts that correct responses are slower in case of conflict than in case of alignment, capturing the well‐known Stroop effect. The model is also extended to cover experiments with subjective alternative evaluations, that is, preferential choice. In this case, results depend on whether trials are hard or easy, that is, on whether the heuristic can be interpreted as relatively automatic or not. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progressive light volume for interactive volumetric illumination
Authors: Liu Ning , Zhu Dengming , Wang Zhaoqi , Wei Yi , Shi Min
Published: May 2016

We propose a technique named progressive light volume to support advanced volumetric illumination effects, such as single scattering and multi scattering. The light volume stores direct lighting information for sample points of the volume data. Using the light volume, we are able to compute the direct lighting for any point in the volume data with a single texture lookup. In order to keep the rendering at an interactive frame rate, we build the light volume progressively if necessary. During the light volume construction period, we use a fast ray casting algorithm to produce a rough rendering estimate from the light volume. After the light volume is built, we use a path tracer to continuously estimate the light intensity for each pixel. Our method puts no restrictions on the number, position, and type of lights. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation for various datasets. The rendering results show that our method is able to produce compelling images, and the performance results indicate that our method is practical for interactive use. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density‐enhanced perceptual mosaic on GPU
Authors: Li Ping , Sun Hanqiu
Published: May 2016

Image mosaic effects are wildly applied in print media, domestic decoration, and many image beautification applications. However, the current image mosaic methods are mostly based on fixed‐size image tiles, simple color adjustment, and irregular image segmentation, which are inaccurate and very time‐consuming. In this paper, we present a graphics processing unit‐accelerated perceptual mosaic using density tiles replacement and brightness lighting optimization, keeping original image structure details and providing more expressive visual effects. Automatic density replacement map segmentation and color‐based region tiles replacement are performed to facilitate the mosaic. Delicate brightness optimization and perceptual color correction are further applied to enhance expressive lighting effects. We also consider the salience perception of images and similarity correlation among neighboring tiles for our perceptual mosaic. The experimental results have shown the efficiency and high‐quality performance of our density‐enhanced perceptual mosaic on graphics processing unit. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ammonium Feeding and pH Influencing Arthrospira platensis Growth, Composition, and C‐ and N‐Uptake
Authors: Rodrigues Mayla S. , Ferreira‐Camargo Lívia S. , Converti Attilio , Sato Sunao , Carvalho João Carlos M.
Published: May 2016

Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis was cultivated in bench‐scale open ponds on a modified Schlösser medium. The fed‐batch exponential supply of ammonium sulfate at defined feeding time and pH allowed obtaining optimum results in terms of biomass growth and composition. The cultivation conditions established herein will constitute the main starting point of a wider study in which this cyanobacterium is employed for fixation of CO2 from industrial plants. The industrial exploitation of these results appears to be promising also for single‐cell protein production.
Strong and Reversible Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emission of a Chiral 1,8‐Naphthalimide Fluorophore Induced by Excimer Emission and Orderly Aggregation
Authors: Sheng Yuan , Ma Jing , Liu Shuai , Wang Yuxiang , Zhu Chengjian , Cheng Yixiang
Published: May 2016

Four chiral 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane (DACH)‐based molecules (R,R/S,S‐2 and R,R/S,S‐4) incorporating 1,8‐naphthalimide fluorophores exhibit strong circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emission signals in common organic solvents. Interestingly, the reversed CPL signals can be observed in the aggregated state, which is due to the orderly aggregation.
Stereoselective Synthesis and Retentive Trapping of α‐Chiral Secondary Alkyllithiums Leading to Stereodefined α,β‐Dimethyl Carboxylic Esters
Authors: Morozova Varvara , Moriya Kohei , Mayer Peter , Knochel Paul
Published: May 2016

The treatment of α‐chiral secondary alkyl iodides with tBuLi at −100 °C leads to the corresponding secondary alkyllithiums with high retention of configuration. Subsequent quenching with various electrophiles such as Bu2S2, DMF, MeOB(OR)2, or Et2CO provides the desired products with retention of configuration. Furthermore, a transmetalation with CuBr⋅P(OEt)3 also allows retentive trapping with acid chlorides and ethylene oxide. The quenching of the resulting alkyllithiums with ClCO2Et furnishes stereoselectively syn‐ and anti‐ethyl‐2,3‐dimethyl ester carboxylates (d.r.>94 %). Related esters bearing three adjacent stereo‐controlled centers (stereotriads) have also been prepared. This method has been applied to the synthesis of the ant pheromone (±)‐lasiol in 26 % overall yield (four steps) with d.r.=97:3 starting from commercially available cis‐2,3‐epoxybutane.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOELECTROLYSIS OF WATER UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT WITH DOPED STRONTIUM TITANATE (SRTIO3) ELECTRODES
Authors: MATSUMURA M. , HIRAMOTO M. , TSUBOMURA H.
Published: May 2016

Aus SrTiO3 ‐Pulver mit Metalloxid‐Beimischungen wurden gesinterte Photoanoden ( ;z.B. für elektrochemische Solarzellen) hergestellt und in wäßrigen Lösungen ( ;z.B. 0.5 M Na2S2O8 und 0.2 M NaOH) getestet.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINUM IN 1 M SULFURIC ACID/WATER AND IN 1 M SULFURIC ACID/DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE (ANHYDROUS)
Authors: SCHWABE K. , HERRMANN S. , BERTHOLD F.
Published: May 2016

Es wird gezeigt, daß das Verhalten von A1 unter vergleichbaren Polarisationsbedingungen in wäßriger 1 M H2 SO4‐LÖsung gar nicht so verschieden von dem in wasserfreier DM F/ 1 M H2SO4‐ Lösung ist, obwohl in wäßrigem Medium eine oxidische Passivschicht entsteht und in der DMF‐Lösung eine A12(SO4)3‐Passivschicht.
ChemInform Abstract: A MECHANISTIC STUDY OF OXYGEN EVOLUTION ON LITHIUM‐DOPED COBALT OXIDE (CO3O4)
Authors: RASIYAH P. , TSEUNG A. C. C.
Published: May 2016

Für voranodisierte teflongebundene Co3O4‐Elektroden in KOH‐Medium wurde ein Anstieg der O2‐Entwicklung mit steigender Li‐Dotierung (0, 4, 7, 10 Atom‐%) gefunden.
ChemInform Abstract: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PASSIVE FILM FORMED ON WEATHERING STEELS
Authors: KEISER J. T. , BROWN C. W. , HEIDERSBACH R. H.
Published: May 2016

Der Passivfilm auf verwitterten Stählen, die 4.5 bzw. 8 Jahre lang einer Industrieatmosphäre ausgesetzt waren, setzt sich hauptsächlich aus ö‐FeOOH mit 10‐20% γ‐FeOOH und möglicherweise etwas α‐FeOOH zusammen.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE OXIDATION OF HYDRAZINIUM ION BY GOLD(III) IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID MEDIUM
Authors: SEN GUPTA K. K. , BASU B.
Published: May 2016

Die Kinetik der Reaktion A wird spektrophotometrisch in HCl‐Lösung untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF YTTRIUM AND ALUMINUM OXIDES
Authors: GLUSHKOVA V. B. , KRZHIZHANOVSKAYA V. A. , EGOROVA O. N. , UDALOV YU. P. , KACHALOVA L. P.
Published: May 2016

Untersucht wird die Reihenfolge und die Kinetik der Phasenbildungen bei der Synthese der Verbindungen Y4Al2O9, YAlO3 und Y3AI5O,2.
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETIC EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS PROPAGATED BY SATURATED BRIDGES IN BINUCLEAR DICYCLOPENTADIENYLTITANIUM(III) COMPLEXES
Authors: CLAUSS A. W. , WILSON S. R. , BUCHANAN R. M. , PIERPONT C. G. , HENDRICKSON D. N.
Published: May 2016

Molekül‐ und Kristallstrukturen der Komplexe (I) (RG P21/n, Z = 8, (II) (RG P21/c, Z=4) und (III) (RG P212121, Z=4) werden mittels Einkristall‐Röntgendiffraktionsmessungen bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXING OF 3D TRANSITION METAL IONS WITH 9‐SUBSTITUTED PURINES. I. BINDING G SITES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: ARPALAHTI J. , LOENNBERG H. +
Published: May 2016

Stabilitätskonstanten für die aus Co(II)‐, Ni(II)‐, Cu(II)‐ oder Zn(II)‐Ionen und 9‐Methyl‐, 2,9‐, 6,9‐ und 8,9‐Dimethylpurin in wäßriger Lösung bei 298 Kgebildeten 1:1‐Komplexe werden ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNESIUM‐INDUCED CYCLIZATIONS OF 2‐(3‐IODOPROPYL)CYCLOALKANONES. A CYCLOPENTANE ANNELATION METHOD
Authors: CRANDALL J. K. , MAGAHA H. S.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit Magnesium und HgCl2 erhält man aus den Halogenalkyl‐cyclohexanonen (I) Gemische aus den Cyclisierungsprodukten (II) und (IV) sowie dem Reduktionsprodukt (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF ACETYLENES. PART XII. PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF 2‐BORNANETHIONE (THIOCAMPHOR) WITH BIS(METHYLTHIO)ETHYNE. ADDITION AND INTRAMOLECULAR HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION
Authors: BROUWER A. C. , BOS H. J. T.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Bestrahlung einer Lösung von Bornan‐2‐thion in Bis‐(methylmercapto)‐acetylen (Ä 450 nm, 5d) entstehen über das Thiet (II) ein Gemisch der isomeren Dithioester (III)/(IV), das Bornenylsulfid (V) und der Dithioester (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON TRANSFER. 59. REACTIONS OF PYRAZINE‐RELATED RADICALS AND DIHYDRO SPECIES WITH METAL‐CENTER OXIDANTS
Authors: SINGH A. N. , BALASUBRAMANIAN P. N. , GOULD E. S.
Published: May 2016

Electron Transfer.Part 59. Reactions of Pyrazine‐Related Radicals and Dihydro Species with Metal‐Center Oxidants.
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR THE ALKYNYLATION OF OXIRANES USING ALKYNYL BORANES
Authors: YAMAGUCHI M. , HIRAO I.
Published: May 2016

′ Acetylene (I) liefern mit Bortrifluorid‐ether nach Metallierung Zwischenstufen (II), die mit Cyclohexenoxid (III) zu den trans‐Alkoholen (IV) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF PHENYLLITHIUM WITH CARBON MONOXIDE
Authors: NUDELMAN N. B. , VITALE A. A.
Published: May 2016

Phenyllithium (I) wird in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln mit Kohlenmonoxid von Atmosphärendruck umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: WITTIG OLEFINATION VIA REACTION OF FLUORINE‐CONTAINING PHOSPHORANIUM SALTS AND F‐ACYL FLUORIDES. A NEW APPROACH TO FLUOROOLEFIN SYNTHESIS
Authors: BURTON D. J. , COX D. G.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung der Trihalogenfluormethane (I) mit drei Äquiv.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF ACETALS WITH ALIPHATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS. 4. REACTION OF ALIPHATIC AND ALICYCLIC KETALS WITH NITROACETIC ACID ESTER AND SYNTHESIS OF ESTERS OF α,β‐DEHYDRO‐α‐ACETYLAMINO ACIDS
Authors: KOCHETKOV K. A. , BABIEVSKII K. K. , GARBALINSKAYA N. S. , BELIKOV V. M.
Published: May 2016

Aliphatische oder alicyclische Ketale (I) reagieren mit Nitro‐essigsäuremethylester (II) unter Bildung der Nitroester (III), die zu den entsprechenden Aminoverbindungen (IV) reduziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIO‐ AND STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF DISUBSTITUTED CYCLOOCTADIENES.
Authors: BRUN P. , TENAGLIA A. , WAEGELL B.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit Ni(0)‐Katalysatoren, z.B. den Systemen (VII) oder (VIII), erhält man aus den Dienen (Ia) und (Ib) die Cyclooctadiene (IIa) und (IIb), während (Ic) nicht cycloaddiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF NONAROMATIC PRODUCTS IN THE CHLORINATION OF SIMPLE SUBSTITUTED AROMATIC ETHERS
Authors: WATSON W. D.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Phenolethern (I) erhält man bei der Chlorierung die Cyclohexene (II), die über Aluminiumoxid zu den Aromaten (III) dehydrochloriert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ULTRA‐SHORT‐ACTING β‐ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENTS. 1. (ARYLOXY)PROPANOLAMINES CONTAINING ESTERS IN THE NITROGEN SUBSTITUENT
Authors: ERHARDT P. W. , WOO C. M. , GORCZYNSKI R. J. , ANDERSON W. G.
Published: May 2016

Dargestellt und als β‐Blocker untersucht werden die Verbindungen (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: C‐ACYLATION OF TERTIARY ENOLATES VIA DITHIOESTERS
Authors: KENDE A. S. , BECKER D. A.
Published: May 2016

Auf dem Wege über die Dithioester (II) und deren Entschwefelung mit Quecksilberoxid können die Ketone (I) selektiv am tertiären C‐Atom zu den β‐Ketoestern (IV) carboxyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐QUINONOID COMPOUNDS. PART 18. STABILIZED 2,3‐NAPHTHOQUINODIMETHANES VIA TRANSIENT 1,3‐DIPHENYLBENZ(F)INDEN‐2‐ONE
Authors: JONES D. W. , POMFRET A. , WIFE R. L.
Published: May 2016

Das Trionmonoxim (I) (erhältlich aus dem entsprechenden Dion und HNO, in 90 proz. Ausb.) wird in das Dibromid (IVa) übergeführt, das bei der Reduktion mit NaI in das Dimere (VI) des Benzindenons (VII) übergeht (wobei das Diels‐Alder‐Addukt (V) als Zwischenstufe anzunehmen ist).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (POLYFLUOROALKYL)PYRROLES AND ‐PORPHYRINS
Authors: KAESLER R. W. , LEGOFF E.
Published: May 2016

2,5‐Dimethyl‐pyrrol (I) reagiert mit den Aldehydhydraten (II)" HJ und Essigsäure zu den 3,4‐disubstituierten Pyrrolen (III), deren Methylgruppen mit Bleitetraacetat zu den 2,5‐Bis‐acetoxymethyl‐pyrrolen (IV) oxidiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐PHENYL‐4‐ACYLOXAZOLIN‐5‐ONES
Authors: ZAV'YALOV S. I. , KNYAZ'KOVA N. E. , KULIKOVA L. B.
Published: May 2016

Das bekannte Verfahren zur Gewinnung von 2‐Phenyl‐4‐acyl‐5‐oxazolinon (IV) aus Hippursäure (I) und einem Carbonsäurechlorid (III) in γ‐Picolin über das 2‐Phenyl‐5‐oxazolinon (II) liefert nur dann befriedigende Ausbeuten, wenn das Säurechlorid (III) zu" der Lösung von (I) unter Zusatz von Trifluoressigsäure gegeben wird.
ChemInform Abstract: FACILE SYNTHESIS OF THE ENANTIOMERS OF EXO‐BREVICOMIN
Authors: JOHNSTON B. D. , OEHLSCHLAGER A. C.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem 5‐Chlor‐2‐pentanon‐ketal (I) erhält man mit Li‐acetylid das Acetylen (IIa), das weiter zum Hydroxymethyl‐Derivat (IIb) umgesetzt und zu (IIc) hydriert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND HYPOTRIGLYCERIDEMIC EFFECT OF SOME 2‐PHENYLTHIO‐3‐PYRIDINESULFONAMIDES
Authors: DELARGE J. , GHYS A.
Published: May 2016

1‐Chlor‐pyridin‐sulfonsäureamid (I) reagiert mit Thiophenolaten (II) zu den Thioethern (III), die mit Alkyl‐isocyanaten (IV) zu den Sulfonyl‐harnstoffen (V) umgesetzt werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE HALOGANENATED COMPOUNDS. III. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 7‐FLUOROMETHYL‐1,8‐NAPHTHYRIDINE AND QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: TANI J. , MUSHIKA Y. , YAMAGUCHI T.
Published: May 2016

Die aus dem Naphthyridin (I) durch N‐Alkylierung, hydrolytische Abspaltung des Acetylrestes und Umwandlung der gebildeten Hydroxymethylgruppe in einen Chlormethylrest erhaltenen 7‐Chlormethyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine (II) werden durch Umsetzung mit Cäsiumfluorid in die Fluormethylderivate (III) umgewandelt und weiter zu den Carbonsäuren (IV) hydrolysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE FUNCTIONALIZATION. β SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON THE REGIOSELECTIVITY OF BAEYER‐VILLIGER OXIDATIONS OF 3‐SUBSTITUTED 2‐AZABICYCLO(2.2.2)OCTAN‐5‐ONES (ISOQUINUCLIDIN‐5‐ONES)
Authors: KROW G. R. , JOHNSON C. A. , GUARE J. P. , KUBRAK D. , HENZ K. J. , SHAW D. A. , SZCZEPANSKI S. W. , CAREY J. T.
Published: May 2016

Die Baeyer‐Villiger‐Oxidation der 2‐Aza‐bicyclo‐octanone (I) mit unterschiedlichen Substituenten führt zu den isomeren Lactonen (II) und (III), deren Anteile in Relation zu den Substituenten bestimmt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: FUSED PYRIMIDINES. III. THE REACTION OF 2,4‐DICHLOROQUINAZOLINE WITH N‐ALKYL CYCLIC AMINES
Authors: MIKI H. , KASAHARA F.
Published: May 2016

Das Dichlorchinazolin (I) reagiert mit den N‐Alkylpyrrolidinen (II) über die Zwischenstufe der Pyrrolidiniumsalze (III) zu N‐Alkyl‐N‐(w‐chloralkyl)‐ aminochinazolinen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PYRAZOLO‐1,2‐BENZOTHIAZINE‐ AND ISOXAZOLO‐1,2‐BENZOTHIAZINECARBOXAMIDES. I
Authors: CECCHETTI V. , FRAVOLINI A. , SCHIAFFELLA F. , DE REGIS M. , ORZALESI G. , VOLPATO I.
Published: May 2016

Das Benzothiazin (I) reagiert mit Oxalsäure‐ester (II) zum Diketo‐ester (III), aus dem mit Hydrazinen (IV) die Pyrazolo‐benzothiazine (V), mit Hydroxylamin über das Oxim (VIII) die Isoxazolo‐benzothiazine (IX) zugänglich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: SULFURIZATION OF 2‐AMINOBENZOTRIFLUORIDE WITH SODIUM SULFIDE
Authors: JOURDAN G. P. , DREIKORN B. A.
Published: May 2016

Aus den 2‐Aminobenzotrifluoriden (Ia)‐(Ic) erhält man mit Natriumsulfid die Dithiobenzoate (II), die mit Säuren bei niedriger Temperaturzu den N‐substituierten 2,l‐Benzisothiazolin‐3‐thionen (III) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF (‐)‐SARRACENIN USING D‐GLUCOSE AS CHIRAL TEMPLATE
Authors: TAKANO S. , MORIKAWA K. , HATAKEYAMA S.
Published: May 2016

Das aus D‐Glucose zugängliche Acetonid (Ia) wird zu (Ib) tosyliert und dann über (II) und das Epoxid (III) in ein Olefin (IVa) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐TRIMETHYLSILYL BORONIC ESTERS. PINACOL LITHIO(TRIMETHYLSILYL)METHANEBORONATE, HOMOLOGATION OF BORONIC ESTERS WITH (CHLORO(TRIMETHYLSILYL)METHYL)LITHIUM, AND COMPARISONS WITH SOME PHOSPHORUS AND SULFUR ANALOGS
Authors: MATTESON D. S. , MAJUMDAR D.
Published: May 2016

Das wie aufgezeichnet synthetisierte Pinakolboronat (II) wird durch Behandlung mit Li‐2,2,6,6‐tetrarnethylpiperidid in sein Li‐Derivat (III) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: EPOXIDATION OF ALLYL AND HOMOALLYL TRIMETHYLSILYL ETHERS WITH TERT‐BUTYLDIOXYTRIMETHYLSILANE AND SILICON LEWIS ACID/VANADIUM CATALYST.
Authors: HIYAMA T. , OBAYASHI M.
Published: May 2016

Geranyl‐trimethylsilylether (I) wird durch Behandeln mit tert.‐Butyl‐trimethylsilylperoxid, Vanadyl‐acetylacetonat und Tris‐trimethylsilylphosphat in hoher Ausbeute in ein Epoxid (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: TELLUROPYRYLIUM DYES. 1. 2,6‐DIPHENYLTELLUROPYRYLIUM DYES
Authors: DETTY M. R. , MURRAY B. J.
Published: May 2016

Telluropyron (I) liefert mit Fluorsulfonsäureethylester das 4‐Ethoxy‐telluro‐pyrylium‐Sa1z (II), das mit Meldrumsäure (III) über ein Addukt (IV) zum 4‐Methyl‐telluropyrylium‐Salz (V) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOTRISTANNOXANE (R2SNO)3 AND CYCLOTRISTANNANE (R2SN)3 SYSTEMS. SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURES
Authors: MASAMUNE S. , SITA L. R. , WILLIAMS D. J.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (II) und (IV) wurden, wie im Schema aufgezeigt, dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF HEXAALKYL‐ AND HEXAARYLDISTANNANES FROM R3SNH IN THE PRESENCE OF PALLADIUM COMPLEXES
Authors: BUMAGIN N. A. , GULEVICH YU. V. , BELETSKAYA I. P.
Published: May 2016

Trialkyl‐ oder Triaryl‐stannanne (III) lassen sich über Pd(II)‐ Komplexverbindungen wie (I) bzw. (II) zu Hexaalkyl‐ bzw. (aryl)‐distannanen (IV) dehydrieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SINGLE CUBANE‐TYPE MFE3S4 CLUSTERS (M = MO, W): SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF OXIDIZED AND REDUCED FORMS AND THE STRUCTURE OF (ET4N)3(MOFE3S4(S‐P‐C6H4CL)4(3,6‐(C3H5)2C6H2O2))
Authors: MASCHARAK P. K. , ARMSTRONG W. H. , MIZOBE Y. , HOLM R. H.
Published: May 2016

Einzelcluster vom Cubantyp sind bei üblichen Aufbaureaktionen nicht zugänglich, weil abhängig von den Bedingungen verschiedenartige verbrückte Doppelcubane, wie z.B. (I), entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHITE COMPLEXES OF COPPER(I) CONTAINING CHLORIDE, TETRAHYDROBORATE, AND (ETHOXYCARBONYL)TRIHYDROBORATE
Authors: BOMMER J. C. , MORSE K. W.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Chloro‐tris‐[phosphit]‐Cu(I)‐Komplexen (I), Reaktionsprodukte aus CuCl und entsprechenden Phosphiten, werden durch Umsetzung mit Na‐tetrahydridoborat oder K‐ethoxycarbonyltrihydridoborat nach bekannter Methode die Hydridoborat‐Komplexe (II) synthetisiert (keine Ausb.‐Angaben).
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES OF COPPER(II) DIPEPTIDES WITH HEXACYANOFERRATE(III)
Authors: SRIVASTAVA T. S. , DESHPANDE S. V.
Published: May 2016

K‐hexacyanoferrat(III) bildet mit entsprechenden Cu(II)‐dipeptiden in wäßriger Lösung bei pH 8 die 1:1‐Komplexe (I), deren Strukturen anhand von elektronen‐, IR‐ und EPR‐ spektroskopischen sowie röntgendiffraktometrischenUntersuchungen und magnetischen Suszeptibilitäten diskutiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF CIS‐ AND TRANS‐RU(DMPE)2CL2. STEREOCHEMICAL CONSEQUENCES OF AQUEOUS AND NONAQUEOUS PHOTOSUBSTITUTION PROCESSES
Authors: CLARK S. F. , PETERSEN J. D.
Published: May 2016

Ligandenfeldanregung der Tite1komplexe(dmpe: 1,2‐Bis‐[dimethylphosphino]‐ethan) in einer Reihe von Lösungsmitteln (EtOH, MeOH, EtOH/HZO, MeOH/H2O, H2O, DMSO) bewirkt unabhängig von der Geometrie der Ausgangsverbindung die Bildung von trans‐Photolyseprodukten (I).
ChemInform Abstract: SOLID‐STATE REARRANGEMENT OF (PHENYLAZOPHENYL)PALLADIUM HEXAFLUOROACETYLACETONATE
Authors: ETTER M. C. , SIEDLE A. R.
Published: May 2016

Gelbe Kristalle der Titelverbindung (I), die mit Z=4 zu der RG Pl gehört, unterliegen beim Erhitzen auf 90 i 10°C einer plötzlichen, unzusammenhängenden Expansion.
ChemInform Abstract: UNUSUAL LIGAND REPLACEMENT: DISPLACEMENT OF η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL BY η6‐ARENES IN THE SYNTHESES OF H3(η6‐X)RHOS3(CO)9 (X = C6H6, PHME). CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF H3(η6‐PHME)RHOS3(CO)9
Authors: SHORE S. G. , HSU W.‐L. , CHURCHILL M. R. , BUENO C.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion der Rh‐Verbindung (I) mit der Os‐Verbindung (II) in Gegenwart von H, in einem Lösungsmittel, das ein ′ potentieller nÖ‐Ligand ist, liefert die Komplexe (III) neben der bereits aus der Reaktion von (I) mit (II) ohne H, bekannten Verbindung (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTION OF PHOSPHINES CONTAINING CYCLOPROPYL SUBSTITUENTS WITH GROUP VIII METALS
Authors: YOUNGS W. J. , IBERS J. A.
Published: May 2016

Der aus Pt(II)‐chlorid und zwei Äquivalenten des Phosphins in Methanol/Wasser gebildete trans‐Dichloro‐bis‐[phosphin]‐Komplex (I) unterwirft sich in siedendem Methoxyethanol einer Cyclometallierung mit HCl‐Eliminierung unter Bildung des Produktes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSFORMED STEROIDS. 131. RING D′ HOMOLOGATION IN 16α,17α‐CYCLOHEXANOPREGNANES (D′6‐PENTARANES)
Authors: KAMERNITSKII A. V. , KULIKOVA L. E. , LEVINA I. S.
Published: May 2016

Die progestagene Wirkung der 16a,l 7a‐Cycloalkanprogesterone hängt von der Größe des D′‐Rings ab und soll bei homologen Steroiden untersucht werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESES VIA HETEROCYCLIC INTERMEDIATES; XVII. ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF (R)‐α‐METHYL‐S‐BENZYLCYSTEINE METHYL ESTER AND (R)‐α‐METHYL‐S‐T‐BUTYLCYSTEINE METHYL ESTER USING L‐VALINE AS CHIRAL AUXILIARY REAGENT
Authors: GROTH U. , SCHOELLKOPF U. +
Published: May 2016

Der aus L‐Valin zugängliche Bis‐lactimether (I) wird nach Metallierung .mit n‐Butyllithium mit Dibrommethan (II) diastereoselektiv zu (III) alkyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF METHYL (+)‐PSEUDOMONATE C FROM CARBOHYDRATES
Authors: BEAU J.‐M. , ABURAKI S. , POUGNY J.‐R. , SINAY P.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung des Epoxids (VII) [aus dem Cyanid (IVa)] mit dem auf zwei Wegen erhältlichen Chlorid (II) (im Original beschrieben) dient als Ausgangsreaktion zur Darstellung der Titelverbindung (XIVb).
ChemInform Abstract: MOESSBAUER AND ESR STUDIES OF POTASSIUM BOROPHOSPHATE GLASSES
Authors: NISHIDA T. , MIYAMOTO Y. , TAKASHIMA Y.
Published: May 2016

Erhöhung des Alkaligehalts in Borophosphatgläsem des Typs (I) bewirkt einen Wandel der Rolle des Fe von einem Netzwerkveränderer zu einem Netzwerkbildner oder eine Abnahme des interatomaren Abstands zwischen Fe‐ und O‐Atomen (lineare Abnahme der Isomerieverschiebungen von Fe" und Fe").