bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un programa de entrenamiento neuromuscular mejoró habilidades específicas en jóvenes tenistas de competición
Authors: Moreno-Apellaniz Nagore , Villanueva Guerrero Oscar , Mejías Martínez Marina , Gutiérrez Alejandra , Gadea Uribarri Héctor , Mainer Pardos Elena
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of neuromuscular training on the performance of young tennis players. Eleven young tennis players (4 girls, 7 boys; age: 13.36 ± .5; weight: 46.54 ± 7.97; height: 160.45 ± 8.38; APHV 12.90 ± .51) participated and were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG), which underwent neuromuscular training twice a week for 10 weeks, or a control group (CG), which followed only their regular tennis training without physical preparation. Performance was measured by variables such as bilateral and unilateral countermovement jump (CMJ), 30cm drop jump (DJ) bilateral and unilateral, bilateral and unilateral horizontal jump (SH), modified 505 agility test (CD) performed with both right and left legs, 20-meter sprint (20m), 3kg medicine ball throw (BM) overhead, and the Course- Navette test (CN). The impact of the training was determined by effect size. The results showed that the EG significantly improved in all variables while the CG did not, indicating that implementing a neuromuscular training program may be an effective method for improving the performance of young competitive tennis players, enhancing their physical attributes in both lower and upper body.
Efectos en la fuerza, salto, tiempo de reacción y percepción de esfuerzo y estrés en competición masculina de pádel top-20 mundial
Authors: Bustamante-Sánchez Álvaro , Ramírez-Adrados Ana , Iturriaga Tamara , Fernández-Elías Valentín Emilio
Published: January 2024

Paddle tenis has experienced significant growth in recent years, becoming one of the most popular and globally expanding sports. This study aims to examine the physiological performance and subjective perception of stress and fatigue in top-20 padel players during matches. Seven elite players participated in the study. Various variables were evaluated, such as subjective perception of effort and stress, isometric grip strength, reaction time, and jump performance, both before and after the matches. The results showed significant increases in subjective perception of effort, perceived stress, and performance in vertical countermovement and squat jumps, as well as in horizontal jumps after the matches. However, no significant changes were observed in reaction time, free-arm jumps, and grip strength (although significant differences were observed between the dominant and non-dominant hand). These findings suggest that the physical conditioning of high-level padel players allows them to endure the fatigue of matches. The differences between the dominant and non-dominant hand indicate asymmetries due to the one-sided nature of this sport. Reaction time did not decrease, suggesting that the level of fatigue was not sufficient to limit the information processing of these athletes. Perceived stress, with widely dispersed values far from the maximum, was consistent with the reaction and adaptation times of the players. The repeated decelerations and accelerations from the backcourt to the net (and vice versa) did not produce excessive fatigue but rather muscular activation, which was evident in horizontal jumps. These findings contribute to understanding the physiological aspects of padel and can be used for the development of training programs that optimize performance and minimize the perception of fatigue in players.
projectpr1d_metab.nan v1
Authors: KB NAN , Glushka John , Uchimiya Mario , Esselman Christopher , Al Jawad Saraa , I Ponce Leandro , Morris Laura , Edison Arthur
Published: January 2024

This is a protocol for running the Bruker pulse program "projectpr1d". This pulse program was originally proposed in:
A Mathematical Model for Assessing the Stability of the Functioning of an Element of the Information Infrastructure of an Automated Control System Exposed to Threats to Information Security
Authors:   National Research University ", Voevodin V. A. ,   MIET",   , Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

The problem of assessing the stability of an element of the information infrastructure of the automated control system to single impacts of threats to information security is considered. For the solution, it is proposed to reduce the problem of stability estimation to the problem of constructing the survivability function of the element under study and determining its extreme values. Functional analysis methods were used to solve the problem. The problem is solved subject to the adoption of exponential laws of distribution of random moments of exposure time and moments of recovery time of the element's function. Recommendations are given on the formation of initial data for modeling, the results of test modeling in the form of graphs of the survivability function. A computational experiment with a mathematical model was carried out, aimed at investigating the effectiveness of the proposed model. A mathematical model can be used to construct a survivability function with a single impact and restore the functionality of an element exposed to threats. The novelty of the result lies in the concretization of general and particular mathematical models designed to assess the stability of functioning under conditions of repeated exposure to threats, which makes it possible to significantly simplify the model with acceptable reliability of the result obtained.
The Method for Implementing Test Constructors Using the Lualatex Publishing System
Authors:   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Polishuk Yu. V. , Goncharova Ya. V. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

One of the key factors of successful learning is the control of mastering the material that has been passed, which can be implemented, including by performing control test tasks. The work is devoted to the use of the desktop publishing system LuaLaTeX to automate the process of forming test control papers. The control generated with its help includes a set number of randomly selected test tasks on the specified topics, followed by mixing both the questions themselves and their answer options. Each generated control work is personalized, i.e. generated directly for a specific student, and is a control work in the form of a PDF-document. To achieve the goal of the work, the capabilities of the LuaLaTeX publishing system are used, which include: the Lua scripting language, which is used to form a pool of control work tasks and personalize it; the TeX language is used to design the content of the control work being formed; the capabilities of the PDF format, including the JavaScript programming language, implement automated verification of control work, demonstration of correct answers to questions, preservation of the test result and provide additional security, which consists in the use of hashes instead of correct answers to tasks and a password. As a practical significance of the proposed solution, we can note an increase in the efficiency of the process of controlling the development of the material passed by students by minimizing the speed of preparation of test control works and their verification, as well as the use of a minimum software tools for its implementation.
ARTISTIC EXPRESSION OF THE AUTHOR’S POSITIONIN UKRAINIAN AND FRENCH SHORT PROSEOF THE MIDDLE OF THE 20th CENTURY(on the example of the texts of Vasyl Zemliak "Tykhonia" and Jean Jionnot "The man who planted a tree")
Authors:   Ukrainian Medical Lyceum of O. O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Pylypei Olena
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the peculiarities of the expression of the author’s position in the works of Ukrainian and French authors of the middle of the 20th century. The artistic techniques and means of actualizing the author’s consciousness in the works of V. Zemliak and Zh. Ziono are analyzed, the author’s points of view expressed in their works are distinguished, the artistic techniques and means of embodying the author’s position specific to them are considered.
Understanding the Homelessness Crisis and Responses in Bloomington, Indiana
Authors: McQuillan Josephine , Downey Rachel
Published: January 2024

This study addresses the complex challenges of homelessness in Bloomington, Indiana. Beacon, Inc., a nonprofit based in Bloomington, plays a pivotal role in providing support to individuals experiencing homelessness in south-central Indiana. Beacon’s approach prioritizes immediate and barrier-free access to shelter and housing while eliminating stringent entry requirements. Beacon offers three distinct programs: Friend’s Place, an emergency shelter; Rapid Re-Housing, facilitating rapid transitions to stable housing; and Crawford Homes, providing permanent supportive housing. 
This research, conducted in partnership with Beacon, employs a mixed-methods approach to examine homelessness in the city of Bloomington. It includes a literature review, quantitative data analysis from nationwide counts and Beacon’s programs, and interviews with Beacon staff to gain insights into the housing crisis and its unique dynamics in this community.
The results underscore the impact of Beacon’s programs in 2022 on individuals experiencing extreme poverty in Indiana’s Region 10, which consists of six south-central counties. Despite the success of these programs, challenges persist for individuals experiencing homelessness, particularly in combating chronic homelessness. Interviews with Beacon staff highlighted additional barriers to housing, including high rents, inflexible landlords, evictions, and entanglement with the criminal justice system.
This study suggests the need for diverse strategies, including expanding Housing First programs and supportive housing models, as well as long-term government housing subsidies for low-income renters. These solutions can reduce reliance on emergency shelters and work to prevent chronic/recurrent homelessness. By employing a mixed-methods research approach, this study offers valuable insights into homelessness and housing assistance programs, providing a foundation for future research aimed at addressing homelessness more comprehensively in Bloomington and similar communities.
Exploring the correlation between attendance and academic performance in physiology among phase 1st MBBS students: A comprehensive study
Authors: Rasool Qazi Imtiaz , Showkat Fahad Bin , Farooq Sheikh Umar , Gani Mursaleen
Published: January 2024

: Regular attendance is a fundamental component of professionalism, especially in the context of medical schools. It involves consistently being present at a designated location and plays a crucial role in fostering the exploration of diverse skills deemed essential in the contemporary scientific landscape. Recent medical literature underscores a clear and mutually beneficial link between medical student attendance and academic achievement, particularly within the framework of the Competency-based curriculum introduced by the National Medical Commission (NMC). This curriculum prioritizes the development of necessary competence through mandatory clinical contact and skills. Despite the mandate imposed by medical universities, absenteeism remains a significant challenge in medical schools. University policies outline specific expectations, including reporting times, allowed break durations, and daily expected working hours, approved by the College Committee across all campuses. Emphasizing the importance of learning activities, the NMC requires attendance for all assessments, ranging from exams and Readiness Assurance Tests (RATs) to quizzes and Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs).

The study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at GMC Baramulla and its associated hospitals. A total of 198 students from the 2019–20 batches of the first year MBBS, who participated in all internal assessments for both theory and practicals, were included in this study.

: The retrospective observational study involved retrieving attendance and theory plus practical marks from all internal assessments conducted on 198 students of 2019–20 batches of first-year MBBS. Two groups were established on attendance: Group A < 75% theory and < 80% in practicals, and Group B > 75% in theory and > 80% in practicals, The mean marks were compared with their attendance. Karl Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to assess the strength of the association between the two. Correlation studies were conducted based on gender and residence (hosteller vs. non-hosteller), revealing that female students and non-hostellers exhibited higher attendance and scores in both internal assessments and university examinations.

Significantly higher marks in internal assessment and University examination were observed in students with high attendance percentage both in theory and practical’s.

: There was a significant positive association between attendance and the performance of students in both theory and practical aspects of physiology among Phase 1st MBBS students.
Assessing the histomorphology, and microscopic composition of the triangular fibrocartilage complex [TFCC] of the wrist joint: A cadaveric observational study
Authors: Kumar V Dinesh , Rajaram Nandini
Published: January 2024

TFCC, being a complicated structure, located on the ulnar side of the wrist is composed of multiple distinct anatomic entities which together play a critical role in wrist biomechanics. The anatomy of TFCC has not been extensively studied in the Indian population.

To elucidate the microscopic anatomy and composition of the triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist joint using haematoxylin-eosin and Verhoff Van Gieson staining methods.

Samples collected from 40 specimens (20 right and 20 left limbs) were placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for fixation. Paraffin-embedded blocks were prepared and tissue sections were taken at 7-micron thickness. The slides were subjected to H&E and VVG staining following standardized protocol.

The morphological structure of the seven components of triangular fibrocartilage complexes was assessed. The articular disc consisted of densely packed interlaced fibrocartilage with sparse blood vessels. Radioulnar ligaments showed densely-packed-parallel or interlaced- collagen-bundles. A mixture of tight and loose parallel tissue was observed in the sub-sheath of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, the ulnar-triquetral (UTL), and the ulnar-lunate ligament (ULL). Irregular morphological composition and loose connective tissue predominated in the ulnar-carpal meniscus (UCM). Blood vessels were observed in the epi-fascicular/ fascicular areas of the UTL, interstitial region of ULL and UCM.

The microscopic anatomy of TFCC was complex owing to the varied nature of its entities. An understanding of the distribution of connective tissue, blood vessels, and elastic fibres would be of immense help in planning arthroscopic procedures.
Anatomical variations of the brachiocephalic artery and their clinical relevances: A cadaveric study of Ugandan population
Authors: Tito Andrew Emmanuel , Obeten Kebe Edet , Archibong Victor , Etukudo Ekon Monday , Mwabaleke Joseph Atupele , Usman Ibe Michael , Fernandez Mario Edgar
Published: January 2024

The study examined variations in morphology and morphometry of the brachiocephalic artery and their clinical implications in dissected cadavers.

Fifty-eight (58) adult cadavers, 57 males and 1 female were dissected to expose the brachiocephalic artery, and the morphological and morphometric variations were recorded.

Fifty-one (51) cadavers (88%) had the BCA arising directly from the aortic arch while 7 cadavers (12%) had it originating from the common trunk with the left common carotid artery. The BCA arose on the left anterolateral to the trachea in 57 cadavers (98.3%) and one cadaver (1.7%) had it arising in the midline anterior to the trachea crossed the trachea from left to right terminating posterior to the right sternoclavicular joint where it bifurcated into the right subclavian and right common carotid artery in all cadavers. The mean lengths of the torsos and Brachiocephalic arteries were 45.78±2.93cm and 4.14±0.58cm respectively and the two parameters had statistically significant positive correlation (r=0.33, p<0.05).

: A majority of the Ugandan cadaveric population have brachiocephalic arteries with the normal origin, course, and branching patterns. The occurrence of origin variants of BCA from the common trunk and anterior midline to the trachea may be associated with tracheal compression and aortic dilation; hence should be considered as a potential risk factor for thoracic aortic aneurysm and during tracheostomy respectively.
Potent antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula-based herbal soap formulation against propionibacterium acnes and its cytotoxic evaluation on human skin fibroblast cells
Authors: Almukashir Mukhtar , Shamsi Shamsi Saad , Alfurjany Salahaldin , Ali Enas , Zidan Heba
Published: January 2024

Background: Recently, many approaches have been conducted in natural skin healthcare, with herbal remedies gaining prominence due to their perceived efficacy and fewer side effects. Herbal soaps, in particular, are noted for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making them appealing for acne-causing bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes, Terminalia chebula, a medicinal plant with a rich history of traditional medicinal properties, including antibacterial effects. However, limited information exists on its activity against acne-causing bacteria and its cytotoxicity on human skin cells. Methods: Our study demonstrated the anti-propionibacterium activity using a novel Terminalia chebula herbal soap formulation (TC-HSF), and to determine its cytotoxicity on Human skin fibroblast cells, Terminalia chebula aqueous extract was used to make herbal soap, the antibacterial activity was performed against wild isolated propionibacterium acne strain using well-diffusion method, MIC and time-kill Kinetics, several concentrations were evaluated for cytotoxicity on Human skin fibroblast cell lines. Results Our findings indicate a potent activity of TC-HSF against P.acne at 0.18mg\ml with lower CFU\ml in tested intervals and high cell viability 98%, IC50 Value was 50mg\ml. Conclusion: Our study highlights the promising antibacterial efficacy of TC-HSF against Propionibacterium acnes and its cytotoxic effects on human skin fibroblast cells. The research adds valuable insights into the potential of TC-HSF for acne management and underscores the importance of dosage considerations in the formulation of herbal soap products.
Evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Limonia acidissima leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic wister albino rats: a randomized controlled experimental study
Authors: Baheti Ashishkumar , Chimurkar Leena , Mohod Kanchan
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The present study was carried out to find graded-doses antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Limonia acidissima (MELA) leaves in rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8): Normal control, Diabetic control (Alloxan-induced), and test groups where varying doses of MELA (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 400mg/kg) or Metformin (100mg/kg) administered post-alloxan induction. Random blood sugar (RBS) levels were estimated at specific intervals over a 28-day period. Moreover, antioxidant markers (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione) were assessed on day 28. Histopathological examination of pancreatic tissue was conducted. Results: Overall, mean RBS levels decreased at all intervals. There was a significant decrease in median malondialdehyde, an increase in median superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione levels (all p-values<0.0001). The change in RBS (p-values<0.0001) and antioxidants (p-value>0.05) levels was greater in Group VI than in Group V. On histopathology, Groups VI and V demonstrated regeneration of necrotic β-cells in the islets, and this was more pronounced than Group IV. Conclusion: Results of our study suggested that MELA possesses dose-dependent significant antidiabetic and antioxidant activity.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use and its resistance among medical students in tertiary care teaching hospitals of Maharashtra
Authors: Dudhe Bhushan , Kamdi Nikhil , Giradkar Akhil , Astankar Poonam , Mankar Nishikant , Ghotkar Ulhas
Published: January 2024

Background: One of the issues concerning public health today is the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. The primary cause of this is the irrational use of these agents. To avoid antibiotic resistance, it is imperative to have correct knowledge of its rational use. This study was carried out among MBBS undergraduates who will work as healthcare providers in the future regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices about the usage of antibiotics and their resistance. Materials and Method: An online cross-sectional study conducted using Google Forms. A structured questionnaire was sent to medical students across Maharashtra. Data was acquired through responses to a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics. A one-way ANOVA test was applied to statistically compare students' knowledge levels based on their academic year. Results and Discussion: 344 students replied to Google Forms from eight medical institutes around Maharashtra. Regarding the usage of antibiotics, students' mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 6.03±1.46, 4.97±1.74, and 4.00±1.98, respectively. Of the total number of students, 234 (68.02%) had good knowledge, 134 (38.95%) had a good attitude, and only 43 (12.5%) had good practices for the usage of antibiotics. Students' knowledge levels varied significantly depending on the year they were studying. Conclusion: The present study indicates that medical students have a good degree of knowledge about antibiotic use and resistance. Improvement must be made regarding attitudes and practices.
Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and its associated neuropathy in patients taking long term metformin therapy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Varadan Sivaprakash , P Viswanathan , Sekar Vaishnavi , Singh Tanisha , Singh RB Sudagar
Published: January 2024

Background: Diabetic people on metformin are more likely to develop vitamin B12 deficiency. There has been little research into the duration of therapy and dose of metformin that causes B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy. This study is being done to determine the same. Objective: To determine the association between vitamin B12 deficiency and its neuropathy to long-term metformin therapy in diabetic patients. Study design: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at SRIHER Chennai. Patients on long-term metformin were taken and separated into two groups: B12 Vitamin deficiency and normal Vitamin B12 levels. Results: B12 Vitamin deficiency was found in 15.72% of 159 patients on metformin. Only 2 of the 59 people on vitamin supplements in our study showed Vitamin B-12 deficiency, whereas 23 out of 100 people in the non-supplemented group had Vitamin B-12 deficiency. The difference (OR - 0.11; P 0.005) was statistically important. There was a statistically important difference observed between the prevalence of deficiency of vitamin B-12, Duration (>5 years), and dosage (>1 g/day) of Metformin use (p-value - <0.0001). Among the study group with neuropathy, the duration of metformin in the normal b12 group is 5.6 ±4.69 yrs. vs. 11±4.019 yrs. in b12 deficiency group (mean difference = 5.4; p <0.0004). Conclusion: The study found that metformin uses for a long time (> 5 years) and dose > 1g/day are linked to B12 Vitamin deficiency and neuropathy in diabetic patients.
Antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Arctocarpus hirsutus Lam. leaves in albino Wistar rats
Authors: B N Chaithra , D’Souza Ullas Prakash , Khandige Prasanna Shama , Sadananda Vandana
Published: January 2024

Peptic ulcers, a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder, remain a significant health concern. Artocarpus hirsutus Lam., a plant deeply rooted in traditional medicine, has been historically employed to address various health issues. Each component of this plant showcases diverse therapeutic activities, offering a holistic approach to health concerns. This study aimed to explore the gastroprotective and antiulcerogenic potential of the ethanol-based extract derived from Artocarpus hirsutus Lam leaves. Administered orally in 100, 200, and 400mg/kg doses, the extract's effects were compared with established medications - omeprazole (30mg/kg) and sucralfate (100mg/kg). Parameters such as gastric acid volume, gastric pH, ulcer index, total acidity, and free acidity were evaluated. The ethanol-based extract derived from Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. leaves demonstrated activity at doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, resulting in a marked decrease in free acidity, total acidity, gastric volume, ulcer index, and an increase in gastric pH compared to the ulcer control group. Notably, the ethanol-based extract of leaves of Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. exhibited significant gastroprotective and ant-ulcerogenic effects in both ethanol induced ulcer and pylorus ligated ulcer models. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic value of Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. as an effective agent against peptic ulcers, supporting its traditional use in holistic health practices.
Study on clinical profile of scabies and comparison of efficacy of topical agents in treatment of scabies
Authors: R Rajalakshmi , Selvaraj Karthikeyan
Published: January 2024

Background: Scabies is an intensely pruritic mite infestation. It is a significant health problem in developing countries and remains a major issue despite available treatment modalities. Methodology: A prospective study was carried out over a year with 90 scabies patients at a tertiary care center after obtaining Ethical Clearance to study the clinical profile of scabies, compare the efficacy of various topical scabicidal agents, and evaluate improvement after treatment. After calculating the severity of pruritus and lesions, a detailed history was noted and randomly allotted to one of the treatment groups. Group A was treated with 1% GBHC lotion, Group B with 5% Permethrin cream, and Group C with 0.5% Ivermectin cream. Patients were advised to review in the second, third, and sixth weeks. Observation and results: Patients with 16-25 years of age were most susceptible. 17 out of 90 patients had secondary bacterial infections, the most common associated cutaneous disease followed by dermatophytosis. Statistically significant reduction in pruritis severity in the drug C vs drug A trial (Z = -4.810, p = <0.001) and Drug C vs drug B trial (Z= -4.795, p= <0.001). Group C (Ivermectin) causes much better improvement in itching and lesions than Group A (GBHC) and Group B (Permethrin). Conclusion: Among topicals, ivermectin can be preferred over permethrin and GBHC for treating scabies. Topical permethrin provides superior improvement when juxtaposed to GBHC and can be considered better than GBHC.
Life and Scientific Achievements of an Outstanding Pathologist. To the 150th Anniversary of Georgy V. Shor’s Birth
Authors: Mnikhovich M. V. , Askhanova P. A. , Bezuglova T. V. , Shiripenko I. A. , Sidorova O. A. , Lozina M. V.
Published: January 2024

“Thanatology is the study of the signs, dynamics and statics of death,” this is a definition given by Georgy V. Shore to the science, to which he devoted his career. The professor was the father of the autopsy in Russia, made a huge contribution to the development of medical education, and strived for constant improvement of diagnostic and treatment options. His unique approach to the study of medicine was based on the intersection of clinic and morphology and attracted many followers. Georgy V. Shore devoted a significant part of his work to developing techniques for preserving anatomical museum specimens. As a dissector, Georgy V. Shore contributed greatly to the invention of new autopsy techniques to facilitate and improve the work of pathologists; and today we use the approaches he developed. The ideas presented in his “Teaching of Death” are the quintessence of the scientific thought of Georgy V. Shor and are still discussed by the medical community. Where people saw only death, G.V. Shor was discovering something new for life. This year is the 150th anniversary of Georgy V. Shor’s birth; it is worth remembering the significant events associated with the name of this brilliant scientist
Bilateral Dimorphism of the Auricles in 18–20-year-old Girls
Authors: Volosnik A. S.
Published: January 2024

The aim of the study was to identify somatotypological features of linear parameters and bilateral dimorphism of the auricles in 18–20-year-old girls. Material and methods. The study included 140 girls aged 18–20 permanently living on the territory of the Luhansk People's Republic. They were exposed to somatotyping and cephalotyping. During auriculometry, 20 linear dimensions of each auricle were measured. The results obtained were processed using ANOVA and MANOVA and correlation analyses. The index of bilateral dimorphism of auriculometry parameters was determined. Differences in mean values were considered statistically significant at p<0,05. Results. As revealed, the auriculometric parameters of the left auricle exceeded those of the auricle of the contralateral side. Average value of the physiognomic length of the left auricle (n=140) was 61,40 mm, that was 3,55% (p<0,001) bigger than the corresponding parameter of the right auricle. In addition, the maximum index value of bilateral dimorphism (0,069) was registered during the analysis of the height of the tragus. In girls with normosthenic body type (n=69), the morphological width of the left auricle and its height also significantly exceeded the corresponding values of the auricle of the opposite side by 4,12% (p=0,017) and 5,56% (p<0,001), respectively. Variance analysis of the results obtained indicates that the somatotype of women, largely than the cephalotype, affects the variability of the auriculometric parameters. Correlation analysis of the findings allowed identifying predominantly statistically significant positive correlations of varying degrees between the studied parameters. The closest correlation (r>0,90) was determined between the physiognomic length and the length of the cartilaginous part, and between the physiognomic length and height of both the right and left auricles. Conclusion. The data obtained relating the constitutional features of the auricular structure in girls aged 18–20 are of practical significance to study the external ear intravitally, and to optimise surgical options for the auricle shape correction.
Features of Klotho Protein Expression in Rat Kidneys in Experimental Hyperglycemia Against the Background of Pharmacological Correction with GABA Derivatives
Authors: Kavalerova D. A. , Snigur G. L. , Surin S. S. , Tyurenkov I. N. , Bakulin D. A. , Sakharova E. Yu.
Published: January 2024

The aimis to identify the features of Klotho protein expression in the epithelium of the convoluted tubules of the kidney during prolonged experimental hyperglycemia and pharmacological correction with GABA derivatives.Material and methods. The study used 50 mongrel male rats (initial weight: 330,0–360,0 g) with streptozotocin diabetes lasting 6 months. 6 months after the injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), animals with a glycemic level of ≥ 15 mmol/l were included in the study (after 4 hours of food deprivation), then GABA derivatives (aminalon, mefargine, succicard) were administered orally for 30 days. Proteinuria and serum creatinine concentrations were evaluated. After euthanasia, kidney tissue was fixed in buffered neutral formalin and examined using immunofluorescence microscopy. The intensity of the glow was evaluated based on a visual-analog scale.Results. In the group with chronic hyperglycemia without treatment, there was a significant increase in the protein content in daily urine and serum creatinine levels (p<0,05). In the group of animals with chronic hyperglycemia without treatment, there was a significant decrease in the expression of Klotho protein compared to the group of intact animals during immunofluorescence analysis. In the group treated with the GABA derivative succicard, there was an improvement in the functional state of the kidneys, accompanied by a significant increase (p≤0,0001) in the area of Klotho-positive material in the epithelium of the convoluted tubules of the kidney in relation to the group of animals with prolonged hyperglycemia without treatment.Conclusion. Prolonged hyperglycemia causes severe renal dysfunction in rats with streptozotocin diabetes: an increase the proteinuria and serum creatinine levels is accompanied by a decrease in the expression of Klotho protein in the kidneys. The GABA derivative succicard with course administration improves kidney function and this effect is accompanied by an increase in the expression of Klotho protein.
Histotopographic Organization of Levator Ani Muscle in Laboratory Rats
Authors: Kolsanov A. V. , Chemidronov S. N. , Suvorova G. N.
Published: January 2024

Morphological organization of the levator ani muscle still remains unclear due to methodological problems in the study of the pelvic floor muscles. Therefore, the study of the histological structure of muscle tissue m. levator ani in animals is of not only theoretical but also practical importance for the study and modeling of pelvic floor dysfunction conditions in animal models. The aim is to study the enzymohistochemical and ultramicroscopic organization of the levator ani muscle in white laboratory rats. Material and methods. The study was performed on 10 laboratory Wistar rats (5 females and 5 males) aged 12–14 months. The metabolic profile of muscle fibers was determined using the Nachlass succinate dehydrogenase test. Imaging and linear measurements were carried out on a Leica UC 7 microscope (Germany), using its software. Ultrathin sections were counterstained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, viewed nd photographed using a Hitachi HT 7700 Exalens (Japan) electron microscope. Results. All types of muscle fibers are present in levator ani muscle: slow fibers and rapid muscle fibers of typs IIA and IIB. It has been established that the total cross-sectional area of white type fibers is 3 times greater than the total area of other fibers. Significant sex differences were found in relative square parameters of glycolytic fibers in m. levator ani (p=0,009). At the ultrastructural level, it was found that in some muscle fibers the mitochondrial apparatus is well developed, in others, mitochondria are few in number, have smaller sizes, are located singly between myofibrils, without forming clusters. In such fibers, there are large accumulations of glycogen between the myofibrils. Conclusion. In the laboratory rat, the levator ani muscle is heterogeneous both in metabolic activity of muscle fibers and in ultrastructural organization. This feature of the muscle involves not only static work in creating intra-abdominal pressure and retaining the pelvic organs, but also isotonic contraction, acting as a synergist to ensure the movement of the tail.
Variant Anatomy and Morphometric Characteristics of the Celiac Trunk and its Branches According to Multislice Computed Tomography
Authors: Pavlov S. P. , Baibakov S. E. , Zyablova E. I. , Nosulya I. G.
Published: January 2024

Two classifications are currently most commonly used to classify branching variations of the celiac trunk (CT): N. Michels (1955) and R. Uflacker (1997). Many researchers note the imperfection of classifications and make additions to each of them. The aim is to determine the anatomical variants of the branching of the CT, and to perform a morphometry of it’s main branches. Material and methods. A sample of 700 MSCT angiograms of the abdominal aorta was analyzed. The study examined angiograms of 602 men and 98 women. Visualization of the vessels of the CT and measurement of the diameter of the arteries was carried out using digital computer programs of the personal station of the radiologist «Syngo.via». Results. The most common type of CT (77,9% observations), according to the classification of N. Michels, was type I, when the common hepatic artery (CHA) originated from the CT. The frequency of other variants was 22,1%. According to R. Uflacker, the most common variant (90,3% cases) was type I, corresponding to the typical anatomy of the CT, with the origin of the splenic, common hepatic and left gastric arteries. In addition to the main variants of the arterial basin of the liver and types of branching of the CT, we noted additional arteries that were not included in both classifications. In 48 cases, such vessels as the left inferior phrenic artery (44 observations / 91,7%), two inferior phrenic arteries (2IPA) (3 observations / 6,3%), and the right hepatic artery (RHA) (1 observation / 2,1%) were identified as originated from the CT. Conclusion. In the course of our study, we detected variants of CT that were not included in any of the most commonly used classifications: the RHA and 2IPA which ramified from CT. Three morphometric parameters of the CT: its length, diameter, and diameter of common hepatic artery had a significant correlation with gender. We consider that the data obtained on the variant anatomy of the CT will make additions to the current classifications in order to detail and objectify variations of the celiac-mesenteric basin arteries.
Association Between PD-L1 status Detected by SP142 and SP263 Antibody Clones and Clinical and Morphological Features of Gastric Cancer Factors
Authors: Sotnikova T. N. , Polushkina T. V. , Kalinin D. V. , Danilova N. V.
Published: January 2024

The aim is to study the relationship of PD-L1 status of SP142 and SP263 clones in gastric cancer with its clinical and morphological parameters. Material and methods. Surgical material obtained from 131 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of stomach cancer. Antibodies to PD-L1 SP263 were stained 127 cases, antibodies to PD-L1 SP142 – 126 cases. Reactions with PD-L1 were performed using the Ventana BenchMark Ultra device (Roche Ventana, USA) according to the protocols recommended by the manufacturer of primary antibodies. The results of immunohistochemical staining were compared with the clinical and morphological characteristics of gastric cancer using statistical analysis. Results. The positive PD-L1 status detected by clones SP263 and SP142 is significantly associated with type 2 macroscopic form according to the R. Bormann classification (p=0,003/p=0,003), tubular morphological type according to the WHO 5th edition, 2019 classification (p=0,001/p=0,018), intermediate morphological type according to the classification of P. Lauren (p=0,027/p=0,005) and the absence of signet ring cells (p=0,001/p=0,010). Staining with both clones used was not associated with the gender and age of patients, the size and localization of the tumor, the degree of its differentiation, the presence or absence of emboli in the lumen of blood and lymph vessels, the presence of affected lymph nodes and distant metastases, as well as the clinical stage (p>0,05). The largest proportion of PD-L1 positive cases in the study of SP263/SP142 clones was found in tubular type tumors (75,6%/84,6%) according to the WHO 5th edition, 2019 classification, intermediate type (60,0%/68,0%) according to P. Lauren, type 2 (65,4%/68,0%) according to R. Bormann and in the absence of signet ring cells (70,7%/76,9%). Conclusion. Statistically significant clinical and morphological parameters of gastric cancer, where a reliable relationship between them and the expression of PD-L1 clones SP263 and SP142 was revealed, are: type 2 macroscopic form according to R. Bormann (p=0,003/p=0,003), tubular morphological type according to the classification of WHO 5th edition, 2019) (p=0,001/p=0,018), intermediate type according to P. Lauren (p=0,027/p=0,005) and the absence of signet ring cells (p=0,001/p=0,010).
The Relationship of Gametes and Somatic Cells of Male Gonads of Vertebrates: Evolutionary, Age and Seasonal Aspects, Adaptive and Reactive Transformations Under the Action of Destabilizing Factors
Authors: Shevlyuk N. N. , Blinova E. V. , Egemberdieva R. E. , Komekbai Z. E. , Ryskulov M. F. , Bokov D. A. , Maksimova A. S.
Published: January 2024

The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the morphofunctional interactions of germ and somatic cells in the organs of the male reproductive system of vertebrates during ontogenesis, under conditions of changes in reproductive activity and under the influence of destabilizing factors. Material and methods. Using light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and morphometry, the testes of representatives of various classes of vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) were studied. The collection of material was carried out in environmentally safe ecosystems and in ecosystems with high anthropogenic load in the Orenburg region of Russia and in the Aktobe region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results. Based on the material of our own studies of the gonads, as well as on the basis of information from modern domestic and foreign literature, the patterns of relationships between germ cells and somatic cells of their microenvironment in the testes of vertebrates are shown. The features of the structural organization of the germinal and endocrine components of the male gonads are considered. The features of the structural organization of intertitial endocrinocytes (Leydig cells) are shown, and their high resistance to the action of various destabilizing factors compared to spermatogenic epithelium is established. Pubertal generation of endocrinocytes in vertebrate testes during reproductive age is characterized by stability in cell numbers and belongs to cell populations of a stable type. The role and significance of the structures of the blood-testis barrier are shown and the morphological equivalents of changes in the permeability of this barrier are established; it is revealed that in the studied animals, under the influence of negative anthropogenic factors, the integrity of the blood-testis barrier in the testes is violated. The action of destabilizing factors leads to a decrease in the number of developing germ cells in the lumen of the epididymal tubules (up to their complete disappearance in individual individuals), which is probably due to the deterioration of the trophic influences on them from the structures of the epididymis. Conclusion. The principle of organization of the main compartments of the testes, the convoluted seminiferous tubules and the interstitium of the organ, formed during evolution, probably turned out to be evolutionarily advantageous, since it is represented in the testes of all amniotes - reptiles, birds and mammals. In the process of evolutionary development, several types of structural organization of convoluted seminiferous tubules and interstitium were formed in the testes of vertebrates. The need to protect developing germ cells from the effects of immunocytes, which led to the formation of a blood-testis barrier in the testes.
Pathomorphological Characteristic of Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Polovnikov I. V. , Yukina G. Yu. , Sukhorukova E. G.
Published: January 2024

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a polysystemic disease based on the formation of granulomas prone to degenerate into cysts in the lungs, abdominal and pelvic organs. Lung involvement in LAM is accompanied by respiratory dysfunction and can be fatal. WHO classifies this disease into a group of mesenchymal tumors and considers it as a low-grade destructive metastasizing neoplasm. LAM is a rare disease and earlier it was only detected in women, but nowadays cases of pulmonary LAM in men (include teenagers) have been described. The etiology of LAM and the inducing factors are still unknown. Objective – to collect and systematize data on pathomorphological characteristic of changes in lung tissue in LAM to evaluate the completeness and sufficiency of the available data. Material and methods. There were analyzed 912 articles and monographs (including duplicates) from PubMed, eLibrary, and Cyberleninka databases over a fifty-year period from 1973 to August of 2023, with an emphasis on more relevant publications and articles in highly rated scientific journals that include information on the review topic. Eventually 55 original sources were selected. Results. The article presents summary data on macroscopic and microscopic picture of pulmonary LAM, data on morphological and antigenic characterization of cells forming the basis of granulomas and their surroundings, the results of experiments demonstrating dynamics of pathological changes in LAM. Conclusion. Despite the relatively large amount of data about morphological characteristics that is enough for diagnosis, he main issue is still open: what is the origin of LAM cells? A systematic pathomorphology analyze can help us to find an answer for this question.
Anthropometric Indicators of the Proportionality of the Physique of Girls and Boys Living in the Moscow Region
Authors: Belov E. V. , Patlataya N. N. , Bolotskikh V. A. , Obernikhin K. I. , Sokolov D. A. , Kvaratskheliya A. G.
Published: January 2024

Anthropometric data provide a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the health status of the population. Typically, they are used in clinical practice to assess general health, nutritional adequacy, growth and development of the body. The aim is to conduct a comparative analysis of anthropometric indicators and proportionality of the physique of boys and girls living in Moscow and the Moscow region. Material and methods. The study involved 198 third-year students of the Faculty of Medicine of the State University of Education, over the age of 18, living in Moscow and the Moscow region. The surveyed population did not have either acute or chronic diseases in the stage of decompensation, congenital malformations, ultra-low or excess body weight. An anthropometric study was carried out with measurements of the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the torso and limbs, calculation of the body mass index, determination of the somatotype and subsequent statistical processing of the data obtained. Conclusion. Anthropometric indicators of girls and boys living in the Moscow region have a number of features. Persons with a mesomorphic somatotype predominate, which indicates the harmonious physical development of boys and girls. Most girls have a transversely narrowed shape of the pelvis, which indicates a possible risk of obstetric complications in the event of pregnancy and childbirth. Otherwise, both boys and girls develop proportionally in accordance with the parameters of the biological and physiological norm.