bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÜRKİSTANLI HACI VE SEYYAHLARIN GÖZÜYLE İSTANBUL
Authors: TOSHOVA Sharifa
Published: July 2021

Orta Çağlarda İslam dünyasının siyasî ve manevî merkezi olan Osmanlı Devleti hem din hem dil kardeşliğiyle çok yakın oldukları Türkistanlıları kendine çekmiştir. Nitekim, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun başkenti olan İstanbul’a 15.-16. yüzyıllardan itibaren Türkistan’daki Buhara, Hive (Horezm), Hokand (Fergana) gibi Özbek Hanlıklarından ve Kazak Hanlığından pek çok kişilerin teşrif buyurduğu bilinmektedir. Bu teşrifler çoğu zaman özel seyahatler (ticaret, hac ziyaretleri vs.), elçilik heyetleri ve benzerlerinden oluşmuştur. Osmanlı toprakları üzerinden hac ziyaretine gelen Türkistanlılar belli bir süre İstanbul’da bulunmuş, onların bazıları burada yaşadıkları olayları anlatan eserler yazmışlardır. Bu tür eserler özellikle 19. yüzyılın sonu – 20. yüzyılın başlarında iyice çoğalmıştır.

Kaleme aldıkları seyahat yazılarında hacılar kendilerini en çok ilgilendiren Osmanlı toplumunun yaşamını anlatmakla kalmamış, belki burada karşıladıkları modernleşmeyi büyük heyecanla kendi toplumuna iletmeye çalışmışlardır. Bu dönemde, özellikle 19. yüzyılın sonu – 20. yüzyılın başlarında Türkistan ülkesinin bazı ilerici aydınları kendi memleketlerinin dünyadaki gelişmelerin gerisinde kalmakta olduğunu anlamaya başlamışlar, bunun çareleri ve çözüm yollarını aramaya çaba harcamışlardır. Nitekim, Türkistan ceditleri marifet yoluyla toplumun gelişmesini sağlayabileceklerini düşünerek, kitap, dergi ve gazeteler yayınlamayı yola koymuşlar, bu durum hac yol hatıraları - “Hacnâmeler”de kendi ifadesini bulmuştur. Aynı zamanda tüm gücünü ve yeteneğini milletin refahına adayan İshakhân İbret, Sıddıkî Aczî, Mahmûd Hoca Behbûdî, Abdurauf Fıtrat, Hamza Hakimzâde Niyazî) gibi 19. yüzyılın sonu – 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde yaşamış Türkistanlı ceditler kendi hac seferi esnasında Kafkasya, Osmanlı, Mısır ya da Hindistan devletlerinin kalkınma derecesi ve siyasî hayatı ile tanışmışlardır. Dahası, bu ülkelerde ileri görüşlü aydınlarla yaptıkları sohbetler onların dünya bakışlarını da etkilemiştir.
CUMHURİYET’İN İLK YILLARINDA TÜRK-MACAR İKTİSADÎ İLİŞKİLERİ (MÜZAKERELER-BEKLENTİLER-NETİCELER)
Authors: KARAGÜLMEZ Müjdat
Published: July 2021

Türkiye ve Macaristan arasında tesis edilmek istenen iktisadî ilişkiler, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın getirmiş olduğu olumsuz koşullar çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. Büyük savaşın getirdiği ağır sonuçlar, iki devletin iktisadî kalkınmaya ağırlık vermesinde etkili olmuştur. Macaristan, yeni kurulan Türk devletini Macar malları için bir pazar olarak görmüştür. Türkiye ise Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında iktisadî kalkınmaya önem vermiş ve çeşitli ülkelerle ticaret antlaşmaları imzalamıştır. Türkiye’nin ticaret antlaşması imzaladığı ülkelerden birisi Macaristan’dır. Türk ve Macar heyetleri öncelikle Yerleşme Antlaşması’nın imzalanması için uzun müzakereler gerçekleştirmiştir. Sonrasında ise müzakereleri Yerleşme Antlaşması aynı anda yürütülen Türk-Macar Ticaret Antlaşması imzalanmıştır. Yerleşme ve Ticaret Antlaşmaları’nın imzalanmasında 18 Aralık 1923’te imzalanan Türk-Macar Dostluk Antlaşması’nın önemli payı olmuştur.

1920’li yıllarda iki devlet arasındaki ticaret hacminde tarım ürünlerinin önemli payı olmuştur. 1929 yılında Amerika’da ortaya çıkan Dünya Ekonomik Buhranı iki ülke arasındaki ticaret ilişkilerini olumsuz etkilemiştir. 1930’lu yılların ilk yarısında bu olumsuz tabloda iyileşmeler görülse de iki ülke arasındaki ticaret hacmi karşılıklı olarak verilen gümrük imtiyazlarına rağmen beklenen düzeye ulaşamamıştır. Türk hükümetinin, ikili ticaret antlaşmalarında kliring-takas sistemine geçmesiyle birlikte Türk-Macar ticaret ilişkilerinde bu sisteme geçilmiştir. Nitekim kliring-takas sistemi geçilmesi de iki ülke arasındaki ticaretin canlanmasında etkili olamamıştır. İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın yaklaştığı yıllarda da atılan çeşitli adımlara rağmen Türk-Macar ticaret ilişkileri beklenen düzeyin uzağında kalmıştır.

İki ülke arasındaki ticaret ilişkilerinin yanı sıra çeşitli yatırım olanakları da dikkat çekici bir seyirde gerçekleşmiştir. Nitekim 1920’li yıllarda Türkiye’nin ve Macaristan’ın yüzleşmek zorunda kaldığı ekonomik zorluklar nedeniyle istenilen yatırımlar hayata geçirilememiştir. Türkiye ile Macaristan arasındaki ticaret olanakları ve iş imkanları dünya konjonktüründe meydana gelen olumsuz gelişmeler nedeniyle zarar görmüş ve Macar şirketlerinin Türkiye’ye yatırım yapmalarında zorluklarla karşılaşmalarına neden olmuştur.
The Anthropocene Commons – A New Paradigm of Scale Variance: Commons Frameworks and Climate Change Theory
Authors: Aghel Parsa
Published: July 2021

The term Anthropocene, denoting the era where human activity is the greatest influence on the environment and climate, marks a new era of climate change theory and understanding. This paper, though, looks at existing promising works surrounding the Anthropocene and argues that the dialogue lacks holistic conceptions of agency and spatial and temporal scale variance in order to fully grasp its complexity. Agency refers to the flawed understanding of the Anthropocene as simply human without consideration for other assemblages, which denotes the other stakeholders apart from humans. Temporal scale refers to the need for a varied consideration of time and the creation of assemblages. Spatial scale refers to the different levels of interaction (national, international, socioeconomic. This understanding of scales, or scale variance, relies on Derek Woods’ theory that multiple scalar levels are necessary to encapsulate the Anthropocene. This paper will approach scale variance by constructing the Anthropocene Commons model. The model, based its theoretical framework on Garrett Hardin’s Tragedy of the Commons on resource, will utilize the three levels of scale absent in other scholarship. The paper will examine other models used to address climate change and discuss their lack of the necessary scope and holistic framework and how their prescriptions for addressing climate catastrophe fall short. Using scale variance in the Anthropocene commons, then, will seek to correct it and offer a standardized but flexible framework to better address the ongoing and impending crisis.
Functional Outcomes and Return to Sport After Cartilage Restoration of the Knee in High-level Athletes
Authors: Mehran Nima , Singla Varun , Okoroha Kelechi R. , Mitchell Justin J.
Published: July 2021

Articular cartilage injuries of the knee are being observed with increasing frequency in athletes and have proven to be difficult to treat given the limited regenerative ability of cartilage and the potential for progressive joint degeneration. A wide range of surgical treatments such as microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation, and osteochondral autograft and allograft have demonstrated promising results in these high-demand individuals. These procedures permit healing of cartilage defects while decreasing pain and restoring function with patient-reported outcomes demonstrating significant improvement at short-, mid-, and long-term follow-up. Most athletes are able to return to play after cartilage restoration of the knee, regardless of the surgical technique used. Although there is a large degree of heterogeneity across the literature and no consensus as to the optimal technique, osteochondral autograft transfer seems to offer the highest rate of return to sport and return to play at preinjury level. However, autologous chondrocyte implantation and osteochondral allograft transplantation are often used for larger defects or salvage after previous procedures, so results may be confounded. In addition, a multitude of factors including patient history, characteristics of the chondral lesion, and postoperative management may affect functional outcomes in athletes.
Determine Potential Efficiency of Publications Amount for Engineering Departments Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Abokhashabah Tarek , Albar Fares
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates the potential efficiency of researches from various departments under a common faculty in terms of their individual publications. The outcome in terms of the number of research publications of the eight departments working under the faculty of engineering at King Abdul-Aziz University was utilized as the case for these investigations. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is utilized for the benchmarking of the research potential efficiency of these departments. The results of these studies are useful to know the potential research efficiency of each department under investigation and enable the respective departments/administration to determine the number of research publications necessary from each department to reach their respective optimal levels. The present study is helpful in diverting the interest of university management towards the quality development in education and research. The study is important as it uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to determine the relative efficiency of the publication amount for engineering departments at King Abdul-Aziz University. It further suggests some of the important measures required for the improvement.
Performance of ANN in Predicting Internal Bonding of Cement Particleboard Manufactured from Giant Reed and Bagasse
Authors: Nazerian Morteza , Assadolahpoor Nanaii Hossin , Vatankhah Elham , Koosha Mojtaba
Published: July 2021

The present article investigates the microstructure of the cement matrices and the products of cement hydration by means of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction. Then, the internal bonding strength (IB) is measured for the mixtures containing various amounts of nanosilica (NS), reed and bagasse particles. Finally, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained to reproduce these experimental results. The results show that the hardened cement paste including NS features the highest level of C-S-H. However, it has a lower level of C-S-H polymerization if reed or bagasse particles are applied. A relatively new dense microstructural degree is considered in the cement pastes containing NS, and a lower agglomeration is observed in the samples including reed or bagasse particles with NS. According to the microstructural analysis, the addition of NS to the samples containing reed or bagasse particles increases the unhydrated amount of C2S and C3S in the cement paste due to the decrease in the water needed for fully hydrated cement grains through portlandite (Ca(OH)2), C-S-H and ettringite increase. Besides, it is shown that the ANN prediction model is a useful, reliable and quite effective tool for modeling IB of cement-bonded particleboard (CBPB). It is indicated that the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) are 1.98 % and 1.45 % in the prediction of the IB values for the training and testing datasets, respectively. The determination coeffi cients (R2) of the training and testing data sets are 0.972 and 0.997 in the prediction of the bonding strength by ANN, respectively.
Thermal Behavior of Insulation Fiberboards Made from MDF and Paper Wastes
Authors: Moezzipour Bita , Moezzipour Aida
Published: July 2021

Today, recycling is becoming increasingly important. In recycling process, the product performance should also be considered. In this study, manufacturing insulation fiberboard, as a practical wood product from recycled fibers, was investigated. For this purpose, two types of waste (MDF wastes and waste paper) were recycled to fibers and used for producing insulation fiberboards. The target fiberboard density was 0.3 g/cm3. The ratio of waste paper to MDF waste recycled fibers (WP/RF) was considered at two levels of 70/30 and 50/50. Polyvinyl acetate adhesive was used as a variable in the board manufacturing process. The mechanical properties, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity, and fire resistance of the boards were evaluated. Besides, the thermal stability of fiberboards was studied using thermal analysis including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results showed that the insulation fiberboards had admissible mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The manufactured boards displayed low thermal conductivity, which proved to be well competitive with other insulation materials. The fiberboards manufactured with PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 had higher fire resistance compared to other treatments. Additionally, results of thermal analysis showed that the use of PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 leads to improved thermal stability. Overall, the recycled fibers from MDF and paper wastes appear to be appropriate raw materials for manufacturing thermal insulation panels, and use of PVAc adhesive can significantly improve thermal and practical properties of insulation fiberboards.
El codesarrollo y las migraciones en la política española de cooperación internacional para el desarrollo
Authors: Vallés Marugán Alba
Published: July 2021

En el presente trabajo se abordan como objeto teórico de estudio los vínculos entre codesarrollo y migraciones en el contexto español. Para ello, se analiza la forma en que ambos fenómenos son plasmados en los principales documentos institucionales de la política española de cooperación internacional para el desarrollo. En primer lugar, veremos cómo se refleja el fenómeno migratorio y, en segundo lugar, abordaremos cómo se trata el concepto de codesarrollo. Concluiremos tratando de interpretar en qué medida estas políticas se ajustan a una triple concepción del codesarrollo: como herramienta de gestión migratoria, como herramienta de cooperación al desarrollo o como herramienta de integración. De esta manera, veremos cómo el abordaje de estos asuntos y la forma de concebir a las personas migrantes han ido evolucionando conforme a los cambios sociales y políticos vividos por el Estado español.
The use of payments for environmental services in the development of sustainable tourism in the Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve in Morocco
Authors: Fakir Fatima Zahra , Erraoui Elhoussaine
Published: July 2021

The Arganeraie (forests of argan trees) is one of the most important natural resources of Morocco but it faces a serious risk of degradation or even extinction. It is therefore essential to develop a model of sustainable tourism that can help to preserve this natural heritage, especially given the ever growing number of tourists. The purpose of this article is to analyze the concept of “payments for environmental services” (PES) as a method of collecting revenue to create a sustainable and structured touristic offering and to preserve the natural heritage in the region of Souss-Massa. This exploratory study is based on qualitative data collected during interviews with 80 tourists visiting Souss-Massa. It was found that the respondents were interested in the natural attributes of sites they visited and expressed their willingness to protect this natural heritage by paying for environmental services.
Health concerns regarding the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on male fertility
Authors: Mosleh Hamidreza , Moradi Fatemeh , Mehdizadeh Mehdi , Ajdary Marziyeh , Moeinzadeh Alaa , Shabani Ronak
Published: July 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus found in China in 2019. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been found to be closely related to the cells that secrete angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is involved in the renin-angiotensin system and is widely secreted in several tissues, including the testis, which has raised concerns because organs with high expression of the ACE2 receptor are susceptible to infection. Analyses have shown that in testicular cells, such as spermatogonia, seminiferous duct cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells, there is a high expression level of ACE2. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 may damage male reproductive tissues and cause infertility. Since male infertility is an important problem, scientists are evaluating whether COVID-19 may influence male infertility through the ACE2 receptor.
A Study on Verbal Fluency of Persian Patients with Three Types of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Farazi Morteza , Azimian Mojtaba , Hosseinzadeh Samaneh , Amrevani Marzieh , Faraji Sepideh , Fazeli Mahnoosh
Published: July 2021

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an acquired autoimmune disease of the brain and spinal cord, resulting in the loss of control, vision, balance, and senses. Among the most important complications of MS in the course of the disease are speech disorders, especially dysarthria, as well as impairment of difficulty and language disorders. Objectives: Therefore, this research aimed to study the verbal fluency of Persian patients on three types of MS (Relapsing-Remitting, Primary Progressive, and Secondary Progressive). Methods: The descriptive-analytical approach was employed in this cross-sectional research. Since three types of MS were analyzed in this study, the samples collected using the convenience non-probability sampling technique from the MS patients in Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital in Tehran. Based on the inclusion criteria, 24 patients were put in each subgroup, and a total of 72 patients were selected. Besides, the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was carried out in this research to study the cognitive conditions of the patients. The verbal fluency test has two subtests: semantic and phonological fluency. These two components were analyzed for analyzing lexical knowledge and flexibility. In the data analysis phase, the normal distribution of the data was examined by the Shapiro-Wilk test, and paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni non-parametric tests were used to compare the mean values of the variables and analyze the data. Results: Our findings revealed a mean switching and total verbal fluency of 11.6 (SD = 4.56) and 27.3 (SD = 7), respectively. The different forms of word switching and phonological fluency had no significant relationship with age and gender, but MMSE had a significant positive relationship with all of them (P < 0.05). The results from the analysis of variance and Bonferroni test also revealed no significant difference between the mean values on the SP and PP types of MS, but there was a significant difference between all mean values on the RR as well as the PP types (P < 0.05). However, the types of PP, SP, and RR did not significantly differ in word switching. Besides, phonological switching and verbal switching varied significantly in patients by academic degree (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings from this research revealed that the three types of MS differed significantly at least in lexical switching, phonological fluency, or semantic fluency.
How Can We Know Wai-Horotiu—A Buried River? Cross-cultural Ethics and Civic Art
Authors: Lythberg Billie , Hikuroa Dan ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: July 2021

The complex interactions and ruptures between contemporary settler colonialism, environmental ethics, and Indigenous rights and worldviews often emerge in projects of civil engineering. The continued capture, control and burial of natural water courses in Aotearoa-New Zealand is a case in point, and exemplifies a failure to stay abreast of evolving understandings and renewed relationships we seek with our waterways, our ancestors. Wai-Horotiu stream used to run down what is now Queen Street, the main road in Auckland, Aotearoa-New Zealand’s largest city. Treasured by Māori as a source of wai (water) and mahinga kai (food), it is also the home of Horotiu, a taniwha or ancestral guardian—a literal ‘freshwater body’. However, as Tāmaki-Makaurau transitioned into Auckland city, Wai-Horotiu became denigrated; used as an open sewer by early settlers before being buried alive in the colonial process. How, now, can we know this buried waterway? Te Awa Tupua Act 2017 that affords the Whanganui River juristic personality and moral considerability offers one possible solution. It acknowledges that waterways, incorporating all their physical and metaphysical elements, exist in existential interlinks with Māori as part of their whakapapa (genealogical networks). This paper asks, can a corresponding and appropriate ethics of association and care be fostered in and expressed by the political descendants of British settlers (Pākehā) and later immigrants who live here under the auspices established by Te Tiriti o Waitangi in 1840? Here is a conversation between a Māori earth systems scientist and a Pākehā interdisciplinary scholar. Where Hikuroa speaks from and to direct whakapapa connections, beginning with pepeha, Lythberg’s narrative springboards from public art projects that facilitate more ways of knowing Wai-Horotiu. Together, we contend that a regard for Indigenous relationships with water can guide best practice for us all, and propose that creative practices can play a role in attaching people to place, and to waterways.
Educação Especial, pandemia e o projeto educativo do capital: a produção de um consenso
Authors: Vaz Kamille
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo trazer alguns elementos para a discussão sobre como está sendo produzido o consenso a respeito das propostas educacionais para a Educação Especial durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Para tanto, analiso documentos nacionais e de organizações empresariais que trazem orientações para a educação brasileira nesse momento específico e realizo o balanço de produções acadêmicas sobre “Educação Especial / COVID-19”, tendo em vista o alto número de publicações a esse respeito no último ano. Pode-se perceber que está em curso no Brasil o projeto de educação pública pautado pelo capital, o qual está sendo intensificado durante a pandemia. No caso da Educação Especial, a proposta do governo, dos grupos empresariais e de grande parte dos pesquisadores está coesa, seja no ensino remoto ou nas aulas presenciais, o foco está na necessária adaptação e treinamento do professor, na exaltação do uso das tecnologias e na flexibilização curricular para os estudantes dessa modalidade de ensino. A relação família-escola também é um fator de comum acordo, indicado como algo insuficiente antes da pandemia e que hoje ganha força, sendo visto como o resultado positivo da tragédia sanitária que o mundo está vivendo. Os consensos produzidos resultam, em suma, na implementação da privatização da escola pública, em suas diversas dimensões, escancarada na pandemia e potencializada também nas indicações para a Educação Especial na escola regular.
Aparelhos privados de hegemonia e discursos privatistas no Ensino Médio amapaense
Authors: Nunes José Almir Viana
Published: July 2021

A privatização da educação pública no Brasil se manifesta de diversas formas, incluindo a participação de grupos empresariais e de Aparelhos Privados de Hegemonia (APH) na definição da agenda educacional. O objetivo desse texto foi o de analisar o discurso de um desses Aparelhos, o Instituto de Corresponsabilidade pela Educação (ICE), na implementação do Ensino Médio público em Tempo Integral (EMTI) no Amapá no período entre 2016 e 2018. Tivemos em vista identificar os seus mecanismos de atuação na implementação dessa política e investigar o discurso privatista no que tange à gestão das Escolas Estaduais em Tempo Integral no estado. A pergunta central que orientou a investigação foi: que discursos e práticas têm se constituído na relação entre os interesses privatistas e os sujeitos envolvidos na implementação do EMTI no Amapá, após 2016? Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, realizamos exame de documentos nacionais e estaduais referentes à Política de Educação em Tempo Integral e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 sujeitos. Foi possível concluir que há no EMTI uma política gerencialista que expressa a cultura de metas, planilha de indicadores, índices de produtividade, avaliação e a ideologia da qualidade educacional; ademais, que a atuação governamental, em aliança com um Aparelho Privado de Hegemonia burguesa, é fundamental para implementação da ETI no Amapá e tem reforçado a mercantilização do processo escolar, garantindo a hegemonia das políticas neoliberais no âmbito da educação.
A Agenda Global da Educação no contexto da Covid-19
Authors: Maues Olgaíses Cabral
Published: July 2021

A partir da globalização neoliberal, acentuou-se uma semelhança entre as reformas empreendidas no campo educacional no mundo, constituindo-se uma Agenda Global da Educação. Tendo em vista formar o chamado capital humano, alguns organismos internacionais como o Banco Mundial, a OCDE e a Unesco vêm exercendo o papel de elaboradores dessas “políticas viajantes” que constituem a Agenda Global; as Redes Políticas têm sido os vetores da disseminação das ideias e estratégias que devem conformar as políticas públicas. O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as diferentes abordagens do que vem se chamando de Agenda Global da Educação, manifestada por meio de políticas ou reformas ou movimentos educacionais globais, analisando o papel desempenhado pelos organismos internacionais nesse processo e identificando as principais recomendações feitas aos países. No momento da pandemia provocada pela Covid-19, organismos internacionais tomaram a frente das ações concernentes à educação, elaborando recomendações, traçando estratégias e coordenando ações relacionadas à educação, ao funcionamento das escolas, à utilização de plataformas digitais e à avaliação do processo. Um dos pontos de destaque no texto é o foco dessas entidades, nesse período pandêmico, na formação do capital humano na lógica mercantilista. O artigo é resultante de uma pesquisa documental sobre a Internacionalização das Políticas Educacionais, financiada pelo CNPq, tendo como sustentação teórico-metodológica o materialismo histórico e dialético.
A responsabilização docente no âmbito da pedagogia das competências e habilidades
Authors: Dantas Jéferson Silveira , Bassi Marcos Edgar
Published: July 2021

O artigo em questão tem como propósito compreender como as políticas públicas nacionais no campo da Educação têm defendido a eficiência dos sistemas de ensino de Educação Básica por meio das avaliações escolares em larga escala, e identificar de que forma os/as docentes são tomados/as como ‘agentes’ de mudança nas instituições de ensino, num contexto histórico marcado pela ênfase na accountability. Além disso, investiga-se aqui em que medida o trabalho docente no Brasil está sendo disputado e moldado pelos organismos multilaterais (OM), contando com setores estratégicos dos aparelhos privados de hegemonia, como é o caso das mídias burguesas tradicionais. As questões aqui problematizadas encontram-se em uma conjuntura histórica marcada pelas disputas no campo curricular da Educação Básica, em que se inserem a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e as formulações pedagógicas hegemônicas, com destaque para a pedagogia das competências e habilidades.
O PARFOR na Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará - UFOPA: Análise e apresentação dos resultados
Authors: Muller Fabiano Hector Lira , Del Pino José Claudio
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o Plano Nacional de Formação dos Professores da Educação Básica – PARFOR, caracterizando seu processo de implantação em nível nacional, estadual e regional e apresentar seus principais resultados na Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. O PARFOR iniciou no ano de 2009 para atender emergencialmente uma demanda existente de professores em exercício na rede pública de ensino básico e que não possuíam a formação exigida pela Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional – LDBEN. A metodologia utilizada caracteriza-se como descritiva com enfoque quantitativo e, nos procedimentos de coleta de dados, utilizou-se um levantamento realizado no Sistema Integrado de Gestão de Atividades Acadêmicas – SIGAA/UFOPA, no qual foi gerada uma matriz de dados em que foram aplicados filtros que permitiram a quantificação das informações. Constatou-se que ingressaram 3.816 (três mil, oitocentos e dezesseis) professores/alunos nas 105 turmas abertas na Sede da UFOPA e em seus Campi Regionais e, destes, 78,1% receberam grau bem acima da média nacional que é de 47,3%. Verificou-se também que a taxa de evasão é condizente com a média nacional e que a maioria dos ingressantes no PARFOR na UFOPA é do gênero feminino e estava na faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos. As informações coletadas permitiram concluir que o PARFOR na UFOPA alcançou resultados expressivos. Esses profissionais, agora com formação adequada, estão aptos a contribuir de maneira expressiva para a melhoria dos indicadores de qualidade da educação em todos os municípios da Região Sudoeste do Estado do Pará.
O reconhecimento oficial de artistas mulheres no campo artístico em Curitiba/PR (2000-2011)
Authors: Vaz Adriana
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta as mulheres que conquistaram o mercado oficial da arte em Curitiba/PR. A partir do conceito de trajetória de Pierre Bourdieu, delinearam-se os valores comercial, simbólico e oficial, considerando o percurso das artistas locais no período entre 2000 e 2011. A finalidade deste artigo é compreender qual foi a representatividade delas em comparação à produção de artistas homens, apresentando pontos das trajetórias que as conduziram ou não ao reconhecimento oficial. Na instância simbólica, o número de artistas homens é superior ao de artistas mulheres, apenas 11 delas têm suas obras pertencentes ao acervo do Museu Oscar Niemeyer (MON), com produção que atende ao perfil apresentado por Luciana Loponte, mostrando que o campo artístico ainda é hierarquizado e sexista nos termos de Rui Fonseca. Consequentemente, uma parcela das obras analisadas não simboliza uma pauta feminista, já que os temas, as formas e as cores comunicam uma docilidade. Tem-se a imagem de uma arte dócil, nas entrelinhas, e em sua dubiedade como mulheres artistas, o repertório imagético preserva o estereótipo de que o conhecimento da arte para as mulheres é um deleite e não uma profissão; embora as mulheres que conquistaram o mercado oficial compreenderam as regras do campo da arte ao transitarem em diferentes espaços sociais, ocupando várias posições no campo artístico, educacional e cultural.
O Ocaso e o Acaso da Vida e Obra de Tirelli em Santa Catarina
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Makowiecky Sandra
Published: July 2021

Sabemos que é impossível uma reconstituição total da memória, pois ela opera selecionando aquilo que deseja. A impossibilidade do acesso cria barreiras para a perpetuação da memória, trabalhando para o extermínio desta. Optamos por abordar o passado e a memória como um fluxo que está sujeito a saltos e desvios em que o imponderável e o contingente não cessam de se cruzarem, mas aqui os riscos de apagamento precisam ser encarados e contornados, senão em todo, pelo menos no que nos cabe e até onde podemos. Nesses espaços, alguns detalhes da vida e obra de Almir Tirelli serão destacados, no pouco que foi encontrado.
5 Simple Ways to Create More Accessible Social Media Content
Authors: Wnuk Jean
Published: July 2021

Principles of accessibility are not limited to physical spaces (such as stairs or curbs) – the same principles apply to online content, including social media sites. If you are using social media as a channel to distribute your research and content, the following are reasons why your social media content should be made accessible: It is easy to do and the right thing to do; This will increase access of your research to people with disabilities; You will be abiding by Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). In this tip sheet we share with you five simple ways to make your social media posts as widely accessible as possible.
L’INFLUENCE DES EMPLOYÉS ET DES PROPRIÉTAIRES DES RESSOURCES NON INSTITUTIONNELLES EN SANTÉ MENTALE SUR L’INTÉGRATION COMMUNAUTAIRE DES RÉSIDENTS
Authors: Rodrigue Guillaume , Raymond Émilie
Published: July 2021

Cette recherche a été guidée par l’objectif de déterminer l’impact des propriétaires et des employés des ressources non institutionnelles en santé mentale sur l’intégration communautaire des résidents. Pour accomplir cet objectif, des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de propriétaires, d’employés et de résidents de ces ressources. Les données recueillies lors de ces entrevues ont fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique de contenu. Le modèle de l’intégration communautaire de Segal et Aviram (1978) a servi de cadre conceptuel à l’étude. L’utilisation de ce modèle a permis de nuancer l’analyse des données en amenant une différenciation entre l’intégration ayant lieu à l’intérieur de la ressource d’hébergement, et celle existant à l’extérieur de ce milieu. Les résultats mentionnent que les interventions du personnel de ces ressources visent généralement l’une de ces deux cibles : l’acquisition de l’autonomie des résidents et leur protection. Pour intervenir auprès des résidents, les propriétaires et les employés s’appuient sur leur statut d’autorité. Cependant, lorsque l’autorité est utilisée pour promouvoir l’autonomie ou assurer la sécurité des résidents, cette action a un impact négatif sur l’autre cible, générant des ambivalences.
L’ÉTUDE DE TRAJECTOIRES D’IMPLANTATION DE BAROMÈTRE, UN OUTIL NUMÉRIQUE VISANT À ACTUALISER L’APPROCHE DE PERSONNALISATION DES SERVICES SOCIAUX
Authors: Carrier Sébastien , Robichaud Opale , Bossé Pierre-Luc , Farrese Alexandre
Published: July 2021

La personnalisation des services sociaux propose une approche de plus en plus valorisée dans les pratiques. Elle vise à offrir plus de choix et de contrôle aux personnes en misant sur leurs forces pour coproduire l’intervention. Pour accompagner le changement de culture qu’exige ce type d’approche, un outil d’intervention informatisé et interactif a été développé, nommé Baromètre. Comment une technologie numérique comme Baromètre peut-elle agir comme condition sociotechnique contribuant au changement de culture? Nous avons réalisé une recherche qualitative utilisant une stratégie d’étude de cas multiples. Quatre milieux de pratique nous ont servi d’observatoires : deux organismes communautaires en santé mentale, un département de psychiatrie et un centre de formation pour adultes. Trois types de collecte de données ont été utilisés : des entretiens individuels semi-directifs auprès des usagers, des entretiens d’explicitation de la pratique auprès d’intervenants pour produire des histoires d’utilisation, des entretiens de groupe auprès d’usagers et d’intervenants. Nous avons analysé les données au moyen d’un modèle des forces croisant quatre modes opératoires d’expérimentation : généraliste, expansionniste, particulariste et déliquescent. L’analyse permet d’observer une tendance à la déliquescence des expérimentations-pilotes. Or, la déliquescence n’est pas causée par la technologie en elle-même, mais par les conditions contextuelles des expérimentations.
Interpretation of certain aspects of criminal restriction of competition
Authors: Derevyagina Ol'ga Evgen'evna
Published: July 2021

The subject of this research is the norms of antimonopoly legislation aimed at prevention and suppression of cartels, the norms of tax legislation that define the income and establish special tax regime for professional income, the norms of the Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the draft federal law on amendments to the Article 178 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and practical implementation of the Article 178 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The goal of this research is to examine the concept of income derived by the cartel; establish whether self-employed citizens can be the subject of an offence under this category, and clarify the criminal responsibility of the parties to the cartel agreement. The novelty consists in the fact that this article is first to examine the question of attributing the individuals conducting business activity under the special “Professional Income Tax” regime (self-employed citizens) to economic entities (i.e., parties to the cartel agreement). The effective legislation indicates that self-employed citizens do not belong to this group, as they are not state registered. A substantiation is made that a conscious neglect or an indifference to such socially dangerous consequence as income unfeasible: the cartel agreement is aimed at derivation of sizeable income. A consciously indifferent attitude is possible only towards such socially dangerous consequence as infliction of considerable damage. The field of application of acquired results is the activity of law enforcement agencies.
Perhitungan Cost of Treatment pada Pasien Rawat Inap Penderita Stroke Peserta BPJS di RSUD dr. Mohamad Saleh Kota Probolinggo
Authors: Munawwarah Azizah , Witcahyo Eri , Utami Sri
Published: July 2021

Stroke merupakan salah satu penyakit katastropik yang menjadi penyebab kematian paling banyak di Indonesia. Kota Probolinggo merupakan kota dengan prevalensi stroke tertinggi kedua di Jawa Timur. Prevalensi dan kematian akibat stroke ini terus meningkat di RSUD dr. Mohamad Saleh Kota Probolinggo.  Stroke merupakan penyakit berbiaya tinggi dan secara komplikasi dapat membahayakan jiwa, sehingga dibutuhkan pengelolaan pembiayaan yang tepat untuk menjamin efektifitas dan efisiensi pelayanan kesehatan penyakit ini. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan studi mengenai cost of treatment yang mengukur biaya perawatan per episode layanan dari stroke. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran perhitungan cost of treatment pada penderita stroke peserta BPJS di RSUD dr. Mohamad Saleh Kota Probolinggo. Studi ini merupakan studi evaluasi ekonomi parsial, dimana bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan suatu objek biaya tanpa ada perbandingan terhadap intervensi lain yang dilakukan di RSUD dr. Mohamad Saleh Kota Probolinggo. Sampel penelitian adalah penderita stroke peserta BPJS di RSUD dr. Mohamad Saleh yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yaitu sebanyak 40 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata biaya langsung sebesar Rp 8.278.584. Rata-rata indirect cost sebesar Rp 974.383. Sedangkan rerata biaya per satu episode layanan stroke sebesar Rp 9.252.967. Saran yang diberikan adalah meningkatkan pencatatan tindakan keperawatan yang baik serta dilengkapi dengan tindakan koreksi ulang.  Perlu dilakukan monitoring dan evaluasi berkala terhadap billing sebagai bentuk pengendalian biaya.
Behavioral Changes in Accessing Outpatient Care During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hasanah Alfiah , Hardiawan Donny , Marrosa Jefani , Ramadhan Adlan , Heriyaldi Heriyaldi , Sihaloho Estro Dariatno , MS Adiatma Yudistira
Published: July 2021

Unwillingness to seek healthcare has been observed in citizens from many countries during the Covid-19 pandemic. Previous studies show that the changes in behavior are due to various reasons such as economic slowdown, loss of health insurance due to termination of employment, and fear of contracting the virus. This behavior may result in worsened health conditions, making a individual more susceptible to the virus. The supply side of health care is one of the things that should be considered in the discussion about access to health care in developing countries. This paper investigates access to the healthcare problem of Indonesians, discusses both the supply side and demand side by looking at the change of behavior due to the patients’ fear of getting treatment during pandemic covid-19. We will serve this purpose through a small-scale survey and offer some insights from a statistical analysis perspective as well. Based on a survey from 588 respondents from the west Indonesia region, this study observes that the respondents’ health condition shows no significant change before and during the Covid-19 pandemic era. On the other hand, the respondents’ frequency of accessing outpatient healthcare proves to be significantly decreasing during the Covid-19 pandemic era, with 23,4% of the respondents stating that they avoid utilizing outpatient healthcare as an effort to avoid the Coronavirus. The frequency of using Kartu Indonesia Sehat to access outpatient healthcare also shows a significant decrease during this pandemic era.
Pengaruh Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa pada Masa Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Terhadap Kondisi Keuangan Rumah Sakit di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang
Authors: Sasongko Himawan , Suryawati Chriswardhani , Rahardjo Mursid
Published: July 2021

Mekanisme pengadaan barang dan jasa (PBJ) dalam penanganan keadaan darurat berbeda dengan kondisi normal/biasa. Perbedaan utama adalah pada tahapan pelaksanaan pengadaannya. Masalah yang terjadi saat ini adalah disparitas harga yang sangat besar, ketersediaan dan jumlah kebutuhan yang meningkat terutama pada alat pelindung diri (APD). Disparitas telah mengakibatkan pengeluaran rumah sakit menjadi lebih besar. Kondisi ini memberikan pengaruh terhadap keuangan rumah sakit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan metode kualitatif. Data yang diambil adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Informan terdiri dari informan utama dan informan triangulasi. Instrumen pengumpulan data adalah pedoman wawancara mendalam. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa sebelum pandemi COVID-19 ada dua metode pelaksanaan PBJ (E-Katalog dan Pengadaan Langsung) sedangkan PBJ pada masa pandemi menggunakan tiga metode (E-Katalog, pengadaan langsung dan penunjukan langsung). Proses PBJ sudah sesuai dengan aturan yang telah ditetapkan. Proses PBJ yang dilakukan telah mematuhi prinsip - prinsip dan etika PBJ. Terdapat perubahan Rencana Umum Pengadaan Tahun 2020 akibat pandemi.  Realisasi penerimaan RSUP Dr. Kariadi Tahun 2020  melampaui  target yang telah ditetapkan, sehingga dapat dikatakan kondisi keuangan RSUP Dr. Kariadi selama masa Pandemi COVID-19 dinilai sehat. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah proses PBJ pada kondisi pandemi COVID-19 telah sesuai dengan prinsip – prinsip, etika dan peraturan yang telah ditetapkan serta kondisi keuangan RSUP Dr. Kariadi saat pandemi COVID-19 dinilai sehat.
Molecular characterization of projection neuron subtypes in the mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Zeppilli Sara , Ackels Tobias , Attey Robin , Klimpert Nell , Ritola Kimberly D , Boeing Stefan , Crombach Anton , Schaefer Andreas T , Fleischmann Alexander
Published: July 2021

Projection neurons (PNs) in the mammalian olfactory bulb (OB) receive input from the nose and project to diverse cortical and subcortical areas. Morphological and physiological studies have highlighted functional heterogeneity, yet no molecular markers have been described that delineate PN subtypes. Here, we used viral injections into olfactory cortex and fluorescent nucleus sorting to enrich PNs for high-throughput single nucleus and bulk RNA deep sequencing. Transcriptome analysis and RNA in situ hybridization identified distinct mitral and tufted cell populations with characteristic transcription factor network topology, cell adhesion, and excitability-related gene expression. Finally, we describe a new computational approach for integrating bulk and snRNA-seq data and provide evidence that different mitral cell populations preferentially project to different target regions. Together, we have identified potential molecular and gene regulatory mechanisms underlying PN diversity and provide new molecular entry points into studying the diverse functional roles of mitral and tufted cell subtypes.
Topography and motion of acid-sensing ion channel intracellular domains
Authors: Couch Tyler , Berger Kyle D , Kneisley Dana L , McCullock Tyler W , Kammermeier Paul , Maclean David M
Published: July 2021

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are trimeric cation-selective channels activated by decreases in extracellular pH. The intracellular N and C terminal tails of ASIC1 influence channel gating, trafficking, and signaling in ischemic cell death. Despite several X-ray and cryo-EM structures of the extracellular and transmembrane segments of ASIC1, these important intracellular tails remain unresolved. Here, we describe the coarse topography of the chicken ASIC1 intracellular domains determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), measured using either fluorescent lifetime imaging or patch clamp fluorometry. We find the C terminal tail projects into the cytosol by approximately 35 Å and that the N and C tails from the same subunits are closer than adjacent subunits. Using pH-insensitive fluorescent proteins, we fail to detect any relative movement between the N and C tails upon extracellular acidification but do observe axial motions of the membrane proximal segments toward the plasma membrane. Taken together, our study furnishes a coarse topographic map of the ASIC intracellular domains while providing directionality and context to intracellular conformational changes induced by extracellular acidification.
Evolutionary medicine
Authors: Perry George H
Published: July 2021

In recognition that evolutionary theory is critical for understanding modern human health, eLife is publishing a special issue on evolutionary medicine to showcase recent research in this growing and increasingly interdisciplinary field.
Diagnosis of vertebral column pathologies using concatenated resampling with machine learning algorithms
Authors: Reshi Aijaz Ahmad , Ashraf Imran , Rustam Furqan , Shahzad Hina Fatima , Mehmood Arif , Choi Gyu Sang
Published: July 2021

Medical diagnosis through the classification of biomedical attributes is one of the exponentially growing fields in bioinformatics. Although a large number of approaches have been presented in the past, wide use and superior performance of the machine learning (ML) methods in medical diagnosis necessitates significant consideration for automatic diagnostic methods. This study proposes a novel approach called concatenated resampling (CR) to increase the efficacy of traditional ML algorithms. The performance is analyzed leveraging four ML approaches like tree-based ensemble approaches, and linear machine learning approach for automatic diagnosis of inter-vertebral pathologies with increased. Besides, undersampling, over-sampling, and proposed CR techniques have been applied to unbalanced training dataset to analyze the impact of these techniques on the accuracy of each of the classification model. Extensive experiments have been conducted to make comparisons among different classification models using several metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Comparative analysis has been performed on the experimental results to identify the best performing classifier along with the application of the re-sampling technique. The results show that the extra tree classifier achieves an accuracy of 0.99 in association with the proposed CR technique.
Introductory programming course: review and future implications
Authors: Omer Uzma , Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Abid Adnan
Published: July 2021

The introductory programming course (IPC) holds a special significance in computing disciplines as this course serves as a prerequisite for studying the higher level courses. Students generally face difficulties during their initial stages of learning how to program. Continuous efforts are being made to examine this course for identifying potential improvements. This article presents the review of the state-of-the-art research exploring various components of IPC by examining sixty-six articles published between 2014 and 2020 in well-reputed research venues. The results reveal that several useful methods have been proposed to support teaching and learning in IPC. Moreover, the research in IPC presented useful ways to conduct assessments, and also demonstrated different techniques to examine improvements in the IPC contents. In addition, a variety of tools are evaluated to support the related course processes. Apart from the aforementioned facets, this research explores other interesting dimensions of IPC, such as collaborative learning, cognitive assessments, and performance predictions. In addition to reviewing the recent advancements in IPC, this study proposes a new taxonomy of IPC research dimensions. Furthermore, based on the successful practices that are listed in the literature, some useful guidelines and advices for instructors have also been reported in this article. Lastly, this review presents some pertinent open research issues to highlight the future dimensions for IPC researchers.